bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ÇALIŞMA ORTAMI ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İŞE YABANCILAŞMAYA ETKİLERİ: BİLGİ TEKNOLOJİSİ ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: NART Senem , ÇELİK Cemal , NART Sima
Published: June 2020

İçinde bulunduğumuz Bilgi Çağında, Bilgi Teknolojileri (BT) çalışanları, yeni ekonominin büyümesinde en kritik faktördür. Bu nedenle iş ortamında BT çalışanlarının iş ortamlarının doğasının anlaşılması önemli bir araştırma alanı olarak görülmektedir. Böylelikle çalışmanın amacı, iş ortamını oluşturan; iş özerkliği, rol çatışması ve örgütsel adalet değişkenlerinin BT çalışanlarının işe yabancılaşma algıları üzerindeki doğrudan ve dolaylı etkilerini incelemektir.  Bu amaç doğrultusunda İstanbul’da yer alan yedi teknoloji şirketinin çalışanlarından online olarak tasarlanan bir anket aracılığı ile gerekli veriler toplanmıştır. 172 sektör çalışanın katılımı ile elde edilen veriler, yapısal denklem modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda değişkenler arasında doğrudan ve dolaylı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir.
MUHASEBE BİLİRKİŞİLİĞİ KAPSAMINDA İŞÇİ ALACAKLARI ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Murat
Published: June 2020

Muhasebe bilirkişiliği, mahkemelere mali konularda destek hizmetleri sağlayan ve uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde önemli rol oynayan mesleki faaliyetlerden biridir. Günümüzde görülen çeşitli davalarda muhasebe bilirkişilerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada önce bilirkişilik ve muhasebe bilirkişiliği üzerinde teorik olarak durulmuş, sonrasında işçi alacakları hesaplamalarını içeren bir uygulamaya yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, işçi alacaklarının hesaplanmasında göz önünde bulundurulacak hususların belirlenmesi ve bu konuda hazırlanacak bilirkişi raporlarına yön verebilecek genel bir çerçevenin oluşturulmasıdır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre iş mahkemelerinde hesap bilirkişiliği kapsamında yapılan hesaplamalarda maddi hukuk kadar alışılagelmiş uygulamaların da önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bilirkişi tarafından göz önünde bulundurulan etkenlere bağlı olarak hesap tutarlarının oldukça farklılık gösterdiği ve işçi alacaklarının hesaplanmasında diğer dava türlerine nazaran daha komplike bir durum söz konusu olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
TÜRK GIDA KODEKSİNE GÖRE GIDA ETİKETİ OKURYAZARLIĞININ BELİRLENMESİ: GENÇ TÜKETİCİLER ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KIZGIN Yıldıray , TUNCER Bekir
Published: June 2020

Gelecekte sağlıklı toplumların inşaası için doğru beslenmenin önemi aşikardır. Bu çalışmada özellikle paketli gıdaların günümüz gıda tüketimi içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olduğu gerçeğinden hareketle, geleceğin yetişkinleri olacak gençlerin gıda etiketi okuryazarlığını ölçmek amaçlanmıştır. “Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda Etiketleme ve Tüketicileri Bilgilendirme Yönetmeliği”, gıda hakkında bilgilendirme açısından tüketicilerin üst düzeyde korunmasına ilişkin kuralları belirlemektedir. Gıda okuryazarlığını tespit etmek amacıyla, yönetmeliğe göre Türkiye’de satılan paketli gıdalarda belirtilmesi gereken zorunlu bilgiler kullanılarak doğru / yanlış şeklinde sorular içeren soru formu oluşturulmuştur.  Gıda etiketi okuryazarlık seviyelerinin tespiti için 15-29 yaş aralığında yer alan 348 genç tüketiciden elde edilen cevaplar kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen cevaplara göre genç tüketicilerin en çok katkı maddelerine (%60,6) önem verdikleri fakat bu konudaki gıda okuryazarlık seviyelerinin düşük olduğu (%32,2) ortaya çıkmıştır. Vitaminler (%64,4), trans yağlar (%77,9)gibi reklamlarda sıklıkla vurgulanan gıda içerikleri hakkında ise okuryazarlık seviyelerinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Geleceğin sağlıklı nesillerinin oluşturulması için gençlerde gıda etiketi okuryazarlığı seviyesinin yükseltilmesi gereklidir. Bu amaçla ilkokuldan başlayarak eğitim sisteminin her kademesinde bu konuda eğitimlerin düzenlenmesinde fayda görülmektedir. İşletmelerin pazarlama faaliyetlerinden olan ürün tanıtımlarında, reklamlarında, ürün ambalajlarında; sağlıklı gıdaya ve beslenmeye dair içeriklere daha fazla yer vermesinde yarar görülmektedir. Böylelikle sağlıklı gıda tüketimine yönelik talep artacak, dolayısıyla da geleceğin sağlıklı toplumları oluşturulabilecektir.
THE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE ON STOCK MARKET INDICES
Authors: HAMAD AMEEN Mustafa Hasan , KAMIŞLI Melik , TEMIZEL Fatih
Published: June 2020

The relationship between exchange rate and stock indices has risen many eyebrows so far. These two fundamental financial markets have a significant role in international business all around the globe. Furthermore, exchange rate is one of the most important indicators that rules in the decision-making process in all firms. In order to understand the relationship between the two variables this paper tried to investigate the relationship between exchange rate of USD/TL and BIST-100 index in Turkish stock market. The data have been collected from January 2009 to March 2020 based on monthly data. VAR model is applied in the study to exam the connections between the variables. The findings reveal that there is only a one-way causality between the variables. Nevertheless, the impulse response results show a negative impact from the shocks of each variable to another.
ÖRGÜTLERDE MOBBING ALGISI ve ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIK İLİŞKİSİNİN ANALİZİ: İSTANBUL’DA ÖZEL HİZMET KURUMLARINDA BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: İLHAN Ahmet , YÜCEL Recep
Published: June 2020

Günümüzde örgütlerde; performans, verimlilik ve işgücü devamlılığını düşüren en önemli problemlerin başında mobbing gelmektedir. Mobbing, örgütler için en önemli kaynak olan işgörenin psikolojik durumunu ve verimliliğini olumsuz yönde etkileyen bir değişken olarak önemli örgütsel davranış konularından birisi haline gelmiştir. Diğer yandan örgütsel bağlılık, işgörenin kuruma bağlılığı ve sadakati biçiminde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı işgörenlerin, mobbing algısı ile örgütsel bağlılık ve boyutları arasındaki ilişkinin etkisini, gücünü ve yönünü tespit etmektir. Bu araştırmada, İstanbul’da özel hizmet kurumlarında çalışanlar arasından kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle katılımcılar seçilerek, mobbing algısı ile örgütsel bağlılık ve boyutları arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya 400 işgören katılmıştır. Verilerin toplanması için oluşturulan anket formunda katılımcılara ilişkin demografik bilgiler, “Mobbing ölçeği” ve “Örgütsel bağlılık ölçeği” yer almıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucunda mobbing algısı ile örgütsel bağlılık ve boyutlarından duygusal bağlılık ve normatif bağlılık arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Devamlılık bağlılığı ve mobbing algısı arasında ise ilişki bulunamamıştır.
SOSYAL MEDYA PAZARLAMASI VE TÜKETİCİ SATIN ALMA DEĞİŞKENLERİ İLİŞKİSİ, SOSYAL KİMLİK VE ALGILANAN DEĞERİN ARACILIK ROLÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ATIGAN Fatma
Published: June 2020

Dijital iletişimin gelişimine bağlı olarak sosyal medya pazarlama faaliyetleri markaların önemli bir alanı haline gelmiştir. Pazarlama yazınında söz konusu faaliyetlerin tüketicilerin çeşitli satın alma davranışlarına etkilerine ilişkin araştırmalar yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada da tüketici satın alma davranışları olarak e-memnuniyet, e-güven ve e-bağlılık incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, sosyal medya pazarlama faaliyetlerinin etkisinde markalardan kaynaklanan değer algılarının ve sosyal kimliklerin de bu ilişkilerde rol oynadığına ilişkin yazında araştırmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, söz konusu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri analiz etmek, sosyal kimlik ve algılanan değerin aracılık rollerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, yapılan ön araştırma ile uygun bir e-ticaret sitesi belirlenmiş ve ilişkiler bu marka üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili bölümde tartışılmış olup, çalışmanın, algılanan değer ve sosyal kimliğin birlikte aracılık rollerinin tespiti açısından yazına bir katkı sağlaması hedeflenmiştir.
FACTORS AFFECTING E-SECURITY PERCEPTION IN TAXPAYERS' USE OF E-GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN THE CITY OF ÇANAKKALE
Authors: YAĞANOĞLU Nazmi Yükselen , SERİM Nilgün
Published: June 2020

This paper analyzes the factors that affect the perception of e-security in the use of e-government system in Çanakkale using Ordered Probit model.  Among these factors, gender and age of the person do not have a significant effect on the level of trust to public institutions’ websites. Those who have never been married have higher trust in the websites of public institutions. Compared to university graduates, primary and secondary school graduates and high school graduates have less trust in government agencies’ websites, while graduate degree holders have higher trust. Trust is greater in those who think that the state will be more transparent with the development of e-government. According to the income level, it is understood that the people who earn 5001 TL and above are the most positive looking group in general. We also offer some policy advice to improve the confidence in and use of government websites: organizing awareness campaigns, focusing on ensuring the widespread use of the system for citizens aged 18-40, and requiring some public services to be carried out only through e-government.
PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE DEĞİŞEN TÜKETİCİ DAVRANIŞLARI
Authors: ÇEVİK TEKİN İlknur
Published: June 2020

İlk COVID-19 vakası, yani korona virüs, 17 Kasım 2019'da Çin'in Hubei Eyaleti, Wuhan'da tespit edildi. İlk salgın ile ilgili haberler yapılmaya başlandığında hiç kimse, yaşam koşullarında bu denli köklü değişiklikler gerektireceğini düşünmemişti. Küresel ve oldukça ağır sonuçları olan korona salgını nedeniyle Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, 11 Mart 2020'de küresel bir pandemi ilan etti. Neticede, bu tarihten sonra COVİD-19 salgını şüphesiz ki siyasetten ekonomiye, eğitimden tüketime hayatımızda pek çok değişikliğe neden oldu. Peki, salgın geçici olsa da bu süreçte öğrenilen tüketici davranışları kalıcı olabilir mi? Değişen tüketici davranışlarının neler olduğunu ortaya koymak amacıyla hazırlanan bu çalışma, dünyada bu konu ile ilgili yapılmış çalışma sonuçlarını ele almaktadır.
TEKNOLOJİ SEKTÖRÜNDE NAKİT DÖNÜŞÜM SÜRESİNİN FİRMA KÂRLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ANALİZİ: BİST UYGULAMASI
Authors: SÖYLEMEZ Yakup
Published: June 2020

Çalışma teknoloji firmalarının nakit dönüşüm süreleri ve bu süreleri etkileyen unsurları ile kârlılık arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz ederek firmalara işletme sermayesi yönetimi konusunda faydalı bilgiler sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada veri seti olarak BİST (Borsa İstanbul) Teknoloji Endeksi (XUTEK) kapsamında 2010-2019 yılları arasında faaliyet gösteren firmaların yıllık finansal tablolarından elde edilen oranlar kullanılmıştır. Firmaların nakit dönüşüm süreleri ile kârlılıkları arasındaki ilişkinin analiz edilebilmesi için çoklu doğrusal regresyon modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada alacak tahsil süresi, stok tüketilme süresi ve kaldıraç oranı ile aktif kârlılığı arasında anlamlı ve negatif bir ilişki olduğuna dair bulgular elde edilirken; net satışlar, kısa vadeli borç ödeme süresi ve nakit dönüşüm süresi ile kârlılık arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğuna dair bulgular elde edilmiştir.
Genotype of CDC73 germline mutation determines risk of parathyroid cancer
Authors: Li Yulong , Zhang Jianhua , Adikaram Poorni R , Welch James , Guan Bin , Weinstein Lee S , Chen Haobin , Simonds William F
Published: June 2020

Mutation of the CDC73 gene, which encodes parafibromin, has been linked with parathyroid cancer. However, no correlation between genotypes of germline CDC73 mutations and the risk of parathyroid cancer has been known. In this study, subjects with germline CDC73 mutations were identified from the participants of two clinical protocols at National Institutes of Health (Discovery Cohort) and from the literature (Validation Cohort). The relative risk of developing parathyroid cancer was analyzed as a function of CDC73 genotype, and the impact of representative mutations on structure of parafibromin was compared between genotype groups. A total of 419 subjects, 68 in Discovery Cohort and 351 in Validation Cohort, were included. In both cohorts, percentages of CDC73 germline mutations that predicted significant conformational disruption or loss of expression of parafibromin (referred as ‘high-impact mutations’) were significantly higher among the subjects with parathyroid cancers compared to all other subjects. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that high-impact mutations were associated with a 6.6-fold higher risk of parathyroid carcinoma compared to low-impact mutations, despite a similar risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism between two groups. Disruption of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of parafibromin is directly involved in predisposition to parathyroid carcinoma, since only the mutations impacting this domain were associated with an increased risk of parathyroid carcinoma. Structural analysis revealed that a conserved surface structure in the CTD is universally disrupted by the mutations affecting this domain. In conclusion, high-impact germline CDC73 mutations were found to increase risk of parathyroid carcinoma by disrupting the CTD of parafibromin.
MARIE GIGAULT DE BELLEFONDS, AMBASSADRESS OF FRANCE. GENDER, POWER AND DIPLOMACY AT THE COURT OF CHARLES II OF SPAIN, 1679-1681
Authors: Borgognoni Ezequiel
Published: June 2020

In this article, I will analyse the political activity of marquise Marie Gigault de Bellefonds, ambassadress of France at the Madrid court between 1679 and 1681, by reflecting on the different diplomatic strategies implemented by her and her husband in order to gain the favour of the monarchs, particularly of the queen consort Marie-Louise of Orleans. The study of Louis XIV of France’s instructions to his ambassador and the perusal of the letters that the ambassadress sent to her friends in Paris evidence the importance of collaborative work in the marriages among diplomats in seventeenth-century court society. Moreover, our sources allow us to make visible the role of the wives of ambassadors in the pre-modern diplomatic system –a field of study in its beginning stages, but also highly promising. Who was Marie Gigault de Bellefonds? Why was she considered a dangerous individual or, as stated by Saint-Simon, «evil as a snake» at the court? Who were her main adversaries in Madrid? What was she accused of? Why did she and her husband have to leave the embassy in 1681? This research will attempt to answer these and other questions related to the presence of the French ambassadress at the court of Charles II and Marie-Louise of Orleans.
HUMANISMO Y LETRAS ÁUREAS EN EL ENTORNO CULTURAL DEL VII DUQUE DE MEDINA SIDONIA (CON NUEVAS PERSPECTIVAS CRÍTICAS SOBRE LA ACADEMIA HISPALENSE Y EL CONDE DE NIEBLA)
Authors: Escobar Francisco J.
Published: June 2020

El presente estudio ofrece un análisis monográfico circunscrito al entorno cultural del VII Duque de Medina Sidonia, con especial atención a su etapa de juventud. Para ello se aportan nuevas perspectivas críticas con el objeto de cubrir cierto vacío documental en lo que atañe al estado de la cuestión. De hecho, la notable labor de mecenazgo por parte de dicho noble, continuada con el tiempo por su hijo, el XI Conde de Niebla, resultó crucial para el desarrollo de la trayectoria profesional de destacados humanistas que vinieron a conformar la denominada Academia hispalense.
SALAS Y SALONES: TEATRO Y SOCIABILIDAD EN LA REVOLUCIÓN LIBERAL
Authors: Ferrera Cuesta Carlos
Published: June 2020

El texto aborda el papel sobresaliente desempeñado por el teatro en la creación de la sociabilidad en el tránsito del Antiguo Régimen a la Revolución Liberal. En esa época el teatro fue un lugar esencial de ocio y por ese motivo las autoridades intentaron controlarlo. Se guiaron por motivos de orden público, pero también por el deseo de convertirlo en un instrumento educativo con el fin de desarrollar una sociedad moderna con personas virtuosas. Sin embargo, ese espacio se reveló como un lugar con comportamientos ajenos a lo que se entendían buenos súbditos, primero, y buenos ciudadanos más tarde. En ese sentido, se convirtió también en momentos de inestabilidad política en un lugar de resistencia al poder mediante la creación de una comunidad emocional, basada en la fraternidad y el anhelo de libertad.
An unusual clinical vignette of oro-pharyngeal discomfort: Pterygoid Hamulus syndrome
Authors: Firdouse Ayasha , Firdoose Nyer , Ghousia S
Published: June 2020

Background. A straightforward clinical reasoning is always difficult in patients with persistent orofacial pain with vague symptoms. Craniofacial pain or orofacial pain can have a mixture of causes ranging from neurogenic, myogenic, and psychogenic factors intertwined amidst the intricate anatomy with a high vascular network. This plethora of uncertainty blurs the judgment for such patients to whom we provide care. We hereby present a case of a 17 year old female with vague pain on talking, chewing and even swallowing when initially examined; this chronic orofacial pain often worsened her quality of life. The aim of this manuscript is to present a case of Pterygoid Hamulus syndrome that was misdiagnosed as glossopharyngeal and myofascial neuralgia.

Methods. The condition was managed by surgical excision of the elongated pterygoid hamulus, following a recurrence of her symptoms.

Results. The patient was relieved of pain only after the surgical excision of the elongated hamulus.

Conclusions. The surgery was decided upon only after conservative management had not provided much relief and the manuscript also discusses the ambiguous composite pain referral pattern in Pterygoid Hamulus syndrome.
Effect of commercially available nano-hydroxy apatite containing desensitizing mouthwash on dentinal tubular occlusion: an in vitro FESEM analysis
Authors: Saini Neha , Mathur Setu , Saini Varun , Kapoor Anjali , Vijay Sharmistha , Gurjar Soniya
Published: June 2020

Background and aim. Dentinal hypersensitivity is a significant clinical problem encountered in daily dental practice. The management of this condition requires a good understanding of the complexity of the problem, as well as the variety of treatments currently available. The treatment approaches can be either home care products or professionally applied desensitizing agents. The present in-vitro study was designed to investigate the dentinal tubule occluding ability of commercially available nano HA containing mouthwash using FESEM analysis.

Methods: In the present in -vitro study, 15 human premolars and canines were taken and sectioned mesiodistally. A  total of 30 dentinal samples were obtained. All the dentinal discs were etched with 6% citric acid for 2 minutes. The  treated samples were washed thoroughly with distilled water for 30 seconds. Samples were divided in two groups of 15 each. The specimens in Group I were shaken vigorously in the Vitis Sensitive mouthwash for 2 min twice daily for 14 days. After this intervention samples were placed in distilled water. Group II were immersed in distilled water. Samples were subjected to FESEM to analyze for tubular occlusion.

Results. In group I nearly complete dentinal surface occlusion was present on the 7th and 14th day and precipitates were seen covering a large part of the dentinal surface. In group II no dentinal tubular occlusion was observed.

Conclusion. The results of the present study support the ability of nHA containing Vitis sensitive mouthwash to occlude the dentinal tubules and thus it may demonstrate a significant reduction in dentinal hypersensitivity when used clinically.
MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ACTIVATOR (MarA) OF THE FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE: STRUCTURE AND CONSERVATION IN Salmonella enterica SUBSP. enterica SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM
Authors: Tausif Chaudhry Muhammad , Chaudhry Raheela
Published: June 2020

MarA (the multiple antibiotic resistance activator) is a regulatory protein that plays a significant role in multidrug resistance in bacteria and archaea where cellular mechanisms such as DNA and protein synthesis are inhibited during dormancy and subsequently cells evade a sudden antibiotic stress. MarAs (125–127 residues) of species selected from ten genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae were selected for analyses. MarA consists of seven α-helices where about 81 % of the residues in helices are conserved. The helices and folds in MarA of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can be further divided into two structurally similar and interconnected subdomains, each containing a HTH DNA-binding motif. The recognition helices, H3 and H6 of the motifs are fully conserved, which are inserted into the adjacent major groove segments of DNA. The sequences show high similarity (83.4–100 %) with MarA of E. coli K-12 with fully resolved three-dimensional structure at 2.3 Å.
INSECTICIDAL AND REPELLENT ACTIVITIES OF EUCALYPTUS OIL AGAINST LESSER GRAIN BORER RHYZOPERTHA DOMINICA (FABRICIUS)
Authors: Kumar Chandel Rahul , M. Nebapure Suresh , Sharma Manju , Subramanian S. , Srivastava Chitra , Paul Khurana S.M.
Published: June 2020

Lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) is a destructive insect pest of stored grains. Both larvae and adults of the pest attack whole, sound grain and cause extensive damage. Larvae are internal feeders whereas adults are free living and bore into the commodity and can fly. Fumigation is the most useful and effective method to manage this insect pest. There are several insecticides available in the market to manage this pest but some insecticides have been banned because of environmental pollutions and for some insecticides this insect pest has developed resistance. Therefore efforts are required to find safe, effective and viable alternatives. Natural products are well known to have a range of useful biological properties against insect pests. Recently, there has been considerable interest in essential oils and extracts of medicinal and edible plant and herbs for the development of alternative insecticides and fumigants. This research was initiated to evaluate the fumigation toxicity and repellent action of Eucalyptus globulus Labill essential oil against adults of R. dominica. GC/MS analysis showed the major components of E. globulus essential oil as 1,8-cineole (22.35%), α-pinene (12.58%) limonene (4.01%), aristolene (3.35%), p-cymene (3.25%), trans-verbenol (3.02%), isosativene (2.85%), α-myrcene (2.15%) and terpinen-4-ol (2.10%). Fumigation toxicity and repellent activity showed that as the concentration and exposure time increased the mortality and repellency also increased. Maximum repellency of 62.0% was observed at 0.32μl/cm2 concentration after 36 hours of exposure.
EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF ACHA AND SOYBEAN ON ΑLPHA-AMYLASE ACTIVITY, SUGARS AND TOTAL FREE AMINO ACID DURING PRODUCTION OF MAIZE MASA
Authors: Adetola Malomo Adekunbi , Henrietta Abiose Sumbo , Adekanmi Adeniran Hezekiah
Published: June 2020

Food insecurity and malnutrition are the major problems facing developing countries. The aim of this research was to determine alpha-amylase activity, total reducing sugar, individual sugar and total sugar contents of masa at six hour interval during fermentation. In this study, different ratios of acha was substituted for maize in the production of soybean fortified masa to reduce its sugar content and increase the amino acid content. The result showed that α-amylase activity, total reducing sugar, total sugar and total free amino acid were within the range of 4.63 - 9.30 E.U., 13.66 - 37.58 mg glucose/g., 133.25 - 391.56 mg glucose/g and 3.92 - 12.99 mg glycine/g, respectively. Alpha-amylase activity and total reducing sugar increased with increase in maize and were highest in masa produced from 100 % maize. Sugars identified during fermentation of masa were glucose, galactose, maltose and raffinose. Substitution of maize with acha and soybean reduced the sugar contents and α-amylase activity of masa while total free amino acid increased with increase in fortification with soybean. Masa produced from 60% maize, 20% acha and 20% soybean had the highest free amino acid and lowest sugar content.
THE APPLICATION OF RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOCLAVE ASSISTED HCL HYDROLYSIS OF AN AGRO RESIDUE COCOA POD SHELLS FOR RELEASING REDUCED SUGARS
Authors: B. Shet Vinayaka , K. G. Rakshith , J. Shetty Nisha , C. Shetty Vishwas , Siddik Asha , Concepta Goveas Louella , Vaman Rao C. , P. Ujwal.
Published: June 2020

Cocoa pod shells are the agro waste generated causing problem during the disposal. In the present study, possibility of utilizing the cocoa pod shells to release the reducing sugars has been explored. Hydrochloric acid hydrolysis assisted with autoclave was adopted to obtain reducing sugars. The one parameter at a time approach was implimented to screen the significant parameters influencing the hydrolysis among weight of cocoa pod shells, concentration of HCl and duration of autoclave. Parameters such as concentration of HCl and duration of autoclave were found to be significant. These parameters were chosen for the central composite design comprising of five levels using response surface methodology to optimize the hydrolysis process. At optimized condition of 54.15 minutes of autoclave treatment and 4.41% of HCl, 21.11 g/L of maximum reducing sugar was released. A second order polynomial equation was generated having a good fit with R2 of 0.84.
THE IMPACT OF THE FERMENTATION CONDITIONS ON THE ESTER PRODUCING CAPACITY OF DIFFERENT SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE STRAINS AND THE ORGANOLEPTIC PROFILE OF CABERNET SAUVIGNON WINES
Authors: Yoncheva Tatyana , Spasov Hristo , Kostov Georgi
Published: June 2020

The ester producing capacity of two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated, depending on the alcoholic fermentation conditions of grape pulp from Cabernet Sauvignon variety. The influence of the temperature (20°C, 24°C, 28°C) and the inoculum amount of yeast culture (2%, 3%, 4%) on the total esters synthesized during the process was monitored. Neural networks were implemented and mathematical models were derived, adequately describing the fermentation processes at the combination of grape variety – yeast strain – conditions. The results of gas chromatographic analysis identified methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, butyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, amyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate in the wines. It was found that the impact of esters produced by the yeasts on the organoleptic profile of the wines was not because of their total amount but mainly due to the ratio between the individual representatives. Under the experiment conditions the strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 8-11, fermented at 28°C, with 3% inoculum yeast culture was identified as more suitable for the production of Cabernet Sauvignon wines.
THE HEXOKINASE 1 GENE OF BLOODSTREAM FORM Trypanosoma brucei brucei (FEDERE ISOLATE) CONSERVES AMINO ACIDS IN DOMAINS AND MOTIFS PECULIAR TO THE HEXOKINASE 2 SUPERFAMILY
Authors: Johnson Ojo Rotimi , Yohanna Longdet Ishaya , J. Kutshik Richard , Omolara Johnson Titilayo , Bitrus Yakubu
Published: June 2020

Trypanosoma brucei brucei hexokinase is the first key regulatory enzyme of the glycolytic pathway which serves as the only source of ATP and nucleic acid precursors for the parasite in the infective stage. This enzyme is attracting much interest because during the infective stage of the parasites, the bloodstream form (BSF) of this parasite depends solely on glycolysis because of its poorly developed mitochondrion. This research, therefore, attempted to characterize the hexokinase 1 gene of the T. b. brucei (Federe isolate) which is prevalent in Nigeria. The parasites were grown in rats and purified by diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose chromatography. The genomic DNA was isolated, and the parasites hexokinase 1 gene amplified using consensus primers. The amplicon was purified and sequenced. The sequences were studied using software from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and CLAWSTAL W server. The nucleotide sequence (Accession number MH198230) and the translated amino acids revealed high similarity with sequences of Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU 927, T. brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma cruzi but low similarity with Human Glucokinase (hexokinase IV). The translated peptide sequence contains the N-terminal peroxisome-targeting signal (PTS-2) that is peculiar to glycosome containing organisms; ATP-binding and the hexokinase binding sites, and other amino acids in the domain peculiar to hexokinase 2 super-family were also conserved. These showed that T. brucei brucei hexokinase 1 conserves the unique features peculiar to the hexokinase 2 super-family and its uniquely from its mammalian forms make it a potential target for drug or vaccine against trypanosomiasis.
EFFECTS OF MEMBRANOTROPIC MICROFERTILIZERS TO GROW THE MYCELIUM OF LENTINULA EDODES
Authors: Ivanova Tetiana
Published: June 2020

Microfertilizers is an important factor for good production of the mycelium of Lentinula edodes mushrooms. The commercial cultivation of mushrooms depends on the correct adjustment of the components of the nutrient media. Three formulas of nutrient media, including decoctions of oak, oatmeal and potatoes. Most mushrooms grow and function well at a pH close to neutral or light basic. Method of light microscopy. Biotechnological (obtaining and subcultuvating of strain 3667 in vitro), microbiological (obtaining pure mushroom culture, studying the cultural properties of the colonies, determining the hydrogen index (pH) of the nutrient medium), mycological (measurement of growth, growth density and dry weight of mycelium, determination of mycelial radial growth, analysis for the presence of buckles and hyphae), light microscopy and statistical methods were used. Performed experiments showed that acceleration of mycelial growth and the greatest yield of mycelium L. edodes were observed on a nutrient medium that contained microfertilizer «Avatar-1». The performed experiments showed that the acceleration of mycelial growth and the greatest yield of mass of mycelium L. edodes were observed on nutrient media with microfertilizer «Avatar-1». During the experiment, it was found that the maximum overgrowth of the medium by mycelium occurs at 7 days. It has been proved that in the «Avatar-1» environments, there was an increase and consolidation of bifurcated hyphae and buckles. The dependence of growth rate on the type of nutrient medium, the administration of doses of the drug, which effectively influences and reduces the technology of obtaining primary mycelium L. edodes, is demonstrated.
BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF Bacillus cereus ISOLATES FROM SOME RETAILED FOODS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: O. Adesetan Titilayo , O. Efuntoye Moses , O. Babalola Olubukola
Published: June 2020

Food borne disease caused by Bacillus cereus has been a major health issue because of its ability to cause two syndromes: diarrhoeal and emetic which sometimes lead to death. Six hundred (600) samples of some retailed foods: cooked rice, jollof rice, fried rice, meat pie, smoked fish: African chad, Titus, blue whiting, fried meat, smoked hide, carrot, runner beans, cabbage and raw green pea were collected from the eight main markets in Ogun State. Serial dilutions of the samples were carried out and cultured on Mannitol Egg Yolk Polymyxin Agar (MYP) using the spread plate technique. B. cereus was confirmed with standard biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the Kirby – Bauer disc diffusion method with nine antibiotics. The mean microbial load in the retailed food was in the range of 1.00 x 104 – 8.92 x 104cfu/g. All the isolates were gram positive rods, catalase and citrate positive. Most of the isolates were motile (97.7%). Two hundred and twenty one (221) isolates were confirmed as B. cereus with biochemical tests. They were 100% sensitive to gentamicin and 100% resistant to penicillin and ampicillin which are β – lactam antibiotics. All the isolates showed resistance to more than two antibiotics. This study has clearly revealed the presence of B. cereus in some retailed foods sold in Ogun State, Nigeria in which all the isolates were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. Therefore, extreme caution should be taken when handling foods to avoid contamination by B. cereus and prevent any future food-borne outbreak by B. cereus.
EXPLORATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM MARINE BACILLUS
Authors: S. Syed Chandini , Sairam Mantri , V. Audipudi Amrutha
Published: June 2020

Antiproliferative secondary metabolites producing bacterial strain AVSC4 isolated from marine sediments was identified as Bacillus flexus based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Under the strategy of liquid- liquid extraction, the crude extract was obtained showed significant antibacterial activity against different clinical pathogens. 0.5% methionine and 0.4% NaCl act as inducers for maximizing the growth and antibacterial activity of strain at pH 7 and 40°C. Heptadecanoic acid and methyl hexadecanoic acid were identified as major and dominant secondary metabolites by GC-MS analysis and also showed significant antiproliferative activity against HT-29 (Human colorectal adenocarcinoma) and A-549 (Lung Cancer) with IC50 value 93.4 µg/ml and 50.04 µg/ml.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISK ELEMENTS CONTAMINATION OF WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS (BOLETUS RETICULATUS SCHAEFF.) AND UNDERLYING SOIL SUBSTRATE
Authors: Jančo Ivona , Šnirc Marek , Hrstková Miroslava , Tirdiľová Ivana , Lošák TomÃ¡Å¡ , Árvay JÃºlius
Published: June 2020

Wild growing mushrooms have been a popular delicacy in many countries. Some species, especially from genus Boletus accumulate high levels of risk elements. Boletus reticulatus is one of the favorite and most consumed mushrooms in Slovak republic. Fruiting bodies of B. reticulatus (48 samples) and forest underlying soil substrates (48 samples) were collected and analyzed for Cd, Pb and Hg contents
in pine stands of 8 different locations in eastern and central Slovak republic. ICP-OES (Optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma) analysis revealed the presence of 22 macro- and micro elements in mushroom and soil samples, of which we evaluated cadmium and lead in this research. Mercury was determined by Advanced Mercury Analyzer (AMA-254). Subject to mushroom samples, caps and stems were analyzed separately. In mushroom stems, pursuant to the supreme average value, highest amount of Cd was 2.63 mg.kg-1 DW, Pb: 6.04 mg.kg-1 DW and Hg 0.72 mg.kg-1 DW. In mushroom caps the highest average concentration was for Cd: 6.45 mg.kg-1 DW, for Pb: 3.73 mg.kg-1 DW and for Hg: 1.39 mg.kg-1 DW. Comparing the results with the limits of the European Union (EU) (Cd: 0.50 mg.kg-1 DW, Pb: 1.00 mg.kg-1 DW and Hg: 0.75 mg.kg-1 DW) for edible mushrooms, 50% (Pb), 40% (Hg) and 100% (Cd) of mushroom caps samples exceeded the limits. In case of mushroom stems, 75% (Cd) and 38% (Pb) of the samples exceeded the EU limits, while regard to Hg none of the mushroom stem samples exceeded the limit. The results showed that the values of the studied elements in soil underlying substrate increased in the order: Hg (ND-0.14 mg.kg-1 DW) < Cd (2.09-33.5 mg.kg-1 DW) < Pb (12.5-57.5 mg.kg-1 DW). Based on this, it can be stated that the monitored areas of 8 locations in Slovak republic represent an increased risk of selected elements into the above ground parts of mushrooms and as such pose a risk to human health.
EFFECT OF PLANT HORMONES ON THE PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS AND LIPID EXTRACTION FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM MICROALGAE Chlorella Sp.
Authors: Bhuyar Prakash , M. Yusoff Mashitah , Hasbi Ab. Rahim Mohd , Sundararaju Sathyavathi , Pragas Maniam Gaanty , Govindan Natanamurugaraj
Published: June 2020

The economic globalization and rapid energy depletion require alternative forms of energy which is more reliable, sustainable and renewable without causing adverse effects to the life forms. Microalgae are currently considered to be one of the most promising alternative sources for biodiesel and the application of phytohormones has also been considered a promising way to increase the production of lipid from microalgae recently. The present study is aimed to cultivate the algal species, Chlorella as a feedstock and the effect of various concentrations of phytohormones such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Gamborg’s b-5 vitamins, Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was used for the production of lipid. The extracted lipid oils were then converted into methyl ester via the transesterification process. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) relatively supported the maximum growth of 7.185 g/ ml and the lipid yield was 3.5g/ml. The GC-MS characterization showed many peaks corresponding to the fatty acid methyl esters. Among those Ethylbenzene, o-Xylene, Benzene,1,2,4-trimethyl and Decane peaks of hydrocarbons were found important in the biofuel production. The current study demonstrates that the phytohormone IBA accelerate the microalgae growth and also induce the production of lipid oils for biodiesel production.
EFFICACY OF SEVERAL QTL AND miRNA-SSR MARKERS TOWARDS HEALTH BENEFIT TRAITS IN AN ELITE DARJEELING TEA CULTIVAR
Authors: Hazra Anjan , Saha Shrutakirti , Kumar Rakesh , Chaubey Mrityunjay , Sengupta Chandan , Das Sauren
Published: June 2020

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability of tea polyphenols are considered as health benefit traits that mainly contributed by tea catechins. Therefore understanding of genetic and molecular basis of this secondary metabolite production is of prime interest to facilitate the crop improvement program in tea plant efficiently. Some QTLs for these quality traits have already been available. In present study, 10 QTL linked SSRs and 14 newly developed microRNA based SSRs have been characterized in two Darjeeling tea cultivars having contrast characters and their progeny clone TS569 for validating possible association with catechin contents and antioxidant activities. Individual catechins and radical scavenging activity have been estimated by high performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Some of the polymorphic loci are indicated to be co-varied with such biochemical physiognomies. Characterization of microRNA based SSRs polymorphism are being the first time report in tea and discussed as ideal choice for further genotypic studies in tea.
EFFECT OF GERMINATION ON FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES AND ANGIOTENSIN I-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORY OF MELINJO (Gnetum gnemon L) SEED PROTEINS
Authors: Noviyanti Erni , Supriyadi Anang , Sekar Arum Laras , R. Akbar Rida , Agus Siswoyo Tri
Published: June 2020

The effect of germination on free radical scavenging activities and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE-I) inhibitory of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) seed proteins was studied to determine its potential use as a nutraceutical ingredient. Investigations into the protein profiles, amino acid composition, free radical scavenging activities and ACE-I-inhibitory of proteins extracted from melinjo seed during germination (0 to 21 days) were carried out. The concentration of amino acids detected in the melinjo seed samples ranged from 0.30 to 12.75 g/100 g protein and the degree of hydrolysis during germination at 21st days was significantly highest than that of either (0-14 days). Furthermore, with all samples a large small-sized peptides degree (
EVALUATION OF THE FATTY ACID DESATURASE 3 GENES STABILITY IN FLAX SEEDS HARVESTED FROM RADIO-CONTAMINATED AREA NEAR CHERNOBYL
Authors: Lancíková Veronika , Žiarovská Jana
Published: June 2020

Environment around Chernobyl recoveres from nuclear accident in 1986 and provides a base for plant adaptation research. Here, the initial platform was established for molecular screening of flax genome affected by radioactive contamination. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivated in the radio-contaminated, and remediated experimental field near Chernobyl was investigated. Specifically, two gene isoforms of FAD3 gene, FAD3A and FAD3B, were evaluated using the restriction analysis, and direct sequencing. The aim of the presented study was to identify mutations, and single nucleotide polymorphisms within the FAD3A and FAD3B genes. The investigation was performed more than 25 years after Chernobyl accident. Therefore, the effect of chronic low dose rate irradiation on flax plants was considered.
SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER CONTENT OF ANTINUTRITIONAL SOLUBLE OXALATE IN AMARANTH MUTANT LINES DEVELOPED BY RADIATION MUTAGENESIS
Authors: Hricová Andrea , Žiarovská Jana , Suhaj Milan , Lancíková Veronika
Published: June 2020

Soluble oxalate with potentially dietary injurious implications for human health were determined in amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) gamma-irradiation induced mutant lines by capillary isotachophoresis and compared to their non-irradiated reference samples 'Ficha' (Amaranthus cruentus L.) and interspecific hybrid 'K-433' (Amaranthus hypochondriacus × Amaranthus hybridus) during the cultivation period 2011–2014. The canonical discriminant analysis demonstrated significant differences among mutants and their reference counterparts during multiyear evaluation. Two-way ANOVA approach identified the mutant line D282 as variant with the significantly and long-term lowest soluble oxalate concentration in comparison to respective reference samples as well as other mutant lines. Decrease in a content of this antinutritional factor could be a possible effect of radiation-induced mutation event(s) in the D282 line genome. Therefore, this mutant line might be a good matrix in the further breeding programme of this naturally gluten-free pseudocereal.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL, FUNCTIONAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF ACHA-TAMBA BASED OGI ENRICHED WITH HYDROLYSED SOY PEPTIDES
Authors: A. F Ogori , O. A Uzor , Hleba Lukas , Císarová Miroslava , Glinushkin Alexey , Laishevtcev Alexey , Derkanosova Anna , Igor Pigorev , Plygun Sergey , Ali Shariati Mohammad
Published: June 2020

The physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of acha-tamba based ogi enriched with hydrolyzed soy peptides were investigated. The proximate value moisture content increased with percentage inclusion of acha tamba and peptides additions (10.1-11.5) % Similar trend were observed in protein values (2.15-8.02) %, Ash (3.05-3.34) %, crude, fiber (7.05-10.6) % and carbohydrate content 65.9-69.2) % which had down tail trends on acha ,tamba and peptides percentage inclusions. Water absorption capacity (1.07-1.24) g/ml oil absorption capacity (1.10-1.91) g/ml and swelling index (3.06-3.50) g/ml revealed increased content with material inclusions. The chemical properties of PH (4.27-4.6), Titratable acidity (0.88-0.97) and Total soluble solids were favored with material percentage inclusion. The sensory results revealed that sample Band sample C with moderate percentage inclusion of 10% and 20 % acha, tamba and soypeptides were more acceptable by panelists.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN-TO-PROTEIN CONVERSION FACTORS FOR DETERMINING NET PROTEIN CONTENT IN SIX SUPERFOODS
Authors: Gosukonda Vennela , Singh Hari , Gosukonda Ramana
Published: June 2020

The true protein content of plant foods is best assessed directly by analyzing amino acids quantitatively or indirectly by using a nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor (NPCF) that is computed based on sums of amino acids. The practical way of determining protein in plant foods is by multiplying its total nitrogen (TN) value with a reliable plant-specific NPCF. In this study, three kinds of NPCFs were evaluated for measuring the net-protein content of chia, rye, quinoa, spelt, flax, and hemp. A universal factor of 6.25 was considered NPCF1, while NPCF2s and NPCF3s were based on the sum of amino acids with amide-nitrogen and computed quantities of Asn and Gln using a ratio method, respectively. The TN was minimal in rye (1.34% w/w) and maximal in flax (5.57% w/w). The values of NPCF2 ranged from 5.18 – 5.90 and from 5.45 - 6.22 for NPCF3. The net protein values obtained by NPCF2 were close to the values of direct quantitative analysis of amino acids as compared to other NPCFs. The use of computed Gln and Asn quantities incorrectly increased the amount of available nitrogen in the amino acids, especially in spelt, flax, and hemp; it was about 4% higher than the corresponding TN values, suggesting that the use of the computed method is not appropriate for these plants. NPCF1 overestimated the protein content in all the samples. The degree of overestimation is likely due to the inclusion of non-protein nitrogen in the calculation, which ranged from 5% - 22% in the samples tested.
CHANGES IN SELECTED PARAMETERS OF STEAMED CHEESE DURING STORAGE
Authors: Ducková Viera , Čanigová Margita , Zeleňáková Lucia , Kročko Miroslav
Published: June 2020

Parenica is a steamed, lightly smoked or unsmoked cheese wound into roll. The aim of this work was to evaluate selected microbiological and chemical parameters of smoked and unsmoked parenica cheeses from industrial and farm dairy after production and after 7 days of storage at 6 °C. Yeasts and molds, as an indicator of hygiene production conditions, were cultivated for 5 days on DRBC agar at 25 °C. The dry matter content was determined by drying to constant weight. Determination of NaCl was performed using the Chloride Analyzer 926. Counts of yeasts in unsmoked cheeses after production were comparable and reached average value 1.65 log CFU.g-1 from farm dairy and 1.57 log CFU.g-1 from industrial dairy. Yeasts weren´t detected in samples of smoked cheeses from the farm dairy, however their presence was found in 50% of smoked cheeses from industrial dairy with average value 2.67 log CFU.g-1. Average count of yeasts in unsmoked cheeses from the farm dairy after storage was 3.48 log CFU.g-1 and 2.04 log CFU.g-1 from industrial dairy (yeasts were present in 83.3% of cheeses). The molds appeared in cheeses only sporadically after storage. Dry matter content in all analyzed samples was in accordance with value declared by the producers. No samples of unsmoked parenica cheeses and only 33% of smoked parenica cheeses from farm dairy were in accordance with declared content NaCl (2%). 33% of the unsmoked cheeses and 25% of smoked cheeses from an industrial dairy were in accordance with declared data (NaCl 1.8%).
OPTIMIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL GROWTH PARAMETERS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCING BACTERIA RHODOCOCCUS OPACUS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Bajwa Kulvinder , Bishnoi Narsi R. , Gupta Saloni , Selvan Silambarasan Tamil
Published: June 2020

Back ground: Rising level of carbon dioxide, increasing demands and value of fuel, generation of waste are the key issues of the modern society. Biodiesel is an alternate to standard fossil fuel. Currently, it's primarily made from vegetable oils associated consequently it's an adverse impact on food security. Lipids from oleaginous microorganisms (e.g. microalgae, bacteria, fungi and yeasts) may well be an alternate feedstock for biodiesel production and therefore the growth and lipid accumulation of Rhodococcus opacus was studied under different environmental conditions.

Results: The current aim of the study is to utilized Box Behnken Design (BBD) of the response surface methodology, for identifying optimum levels of particular variables. BBD design was performed on oleaginous bacterium, Rhodococcus opacus considering pH, temperature and incubation period as independent variables. Lipid and biomass contents were analyzed as response variables. A second order polynomial model produced a satisfactory results of the experimental data with regard to biomass yield and lipid content % (R2 = 98, 04, 96.96 (P ≤ 0.01). Optimum results of the experiments were 3.82 gL-1 biomass and lipid content 33.55% at optimized conditions pH-7, temperature-300C and incubation time - 72 hrs. Results of predicted and actual response were differing with 2 to 3 % and desirability of model 98%.