bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Treatment of Binomials in Monolingual and Bilingual Dictionaries
Authors: M. Hamdan Jihad , Nour Abu Guba Mohammad
Published: January 2024

The paper is intended to be a contribution to lexicographical research. In particular it reports on the findings of an exploratory study on how dictionaries treat binomials, e.g. bread and butter, bolts and nuts, etc. A set of 40 binomials from a preliminary larger list of pairs are selected on the basis of their frequency of occurrence in the British National Corpus (BNC). These binomials are looked up in five paper-based dictionaries: three monolingual (English- English) and two bilingual (English-Arabic). The findings reveal that some of the target binomials are absent from the five dictionaries. Moreover, the 'test' dictionaries show some inconsistency in their treatment of binomials, and, more often than not, fall short of meeting the EFL user needs. The findings point to a weak relationship between a binomial’s frequency of occurrence and its probability of being listed in a certain dictionary. However, the findings suggest that opaque and conventional binomials have more chances to be listed than transparent ones. .
Engaging the Question of Palestine in Philip Roth's The Counterlife
Authors: Gohar Saddik
Published: January 2024

The paper argues that in Philip Roth’s novel, The Counterlife (1988), which engages the question of Palestine, the author’s attempt to introduce a balanced view of the Arab-Israeli conflict is undermined by a narrative strategy that favors the victor and deprives the victim from entering the text except as a non-person or a decadent oriental. An application of what Edward Said calls “contrapuntal reading” to Roth’s text reveals that the author’s tendency to offer a neutral presentation of the Middle East issue is thwarted by a hegemonic master narrative - originated in Orientalism and Western imperialism - that either removes the Palestinian subaltern out of the fictional text or conflates him with a status of cultural inferiority and barbarism by assigning him a role which conforms to his image in the colonial taxonomy of inferior races..
The vocational teacher, an inventor in special needs education: A study on Swedish vocational programmes
Authors: Holmgren Robert , Pettersson Gerd
Published: January 2024

Upper secondary vocational education and training (VET) in Sweden has been subject to frequent educational policy reforms which have resulted in reduced numbers of students and student groups comprising many students with special education needs (SEN). These changes can be assumed to have resulted in increasing demands on VET teachers’ work with special needs education (SNE). The purpose of this study is to contribute knowledge about VET teachers’ conditions for, and work with, SNE in Swedish VET programmes. An analysis of interviews with 15 teachers from eight VET programmes revealed the following themes: 1) Framework factors in the learning environments affecting  teaching and learning, 2) The schools’ organisation of special educational competence and the VET teachers’ application of special needs education, 3) Communicative teaching for increased knowledge of students’ strengths and needs, 4) Adaptations at individual and group level, 5) Integration of theory and practice, and 6) Reconsidering teaching approaches through follow-ups. The analysis, based on Skrtic’s theory, reveals a dichotomy in the VET teachers’ conditions for, and work with, SNE. In the schools, a bureaucratic approach is applied where overriding goals are attributed high value, while the VET teachers strive for an adhocratic approach where the teaching is based on their students’ needs. Based on Ainscow’s theory, the analysis shows that the VET teachers take an interactive learning environment-related approach, which means that, based on their understanding of the students’ difficulties, they develop adaptations to stimulate their students’ learning and development.
AKUNTABILITAS DAN EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN ALOKASI DANA DESA
Authors: Sari Firda , Diana Fina , S Suhendra
Published: January 2024

This study aims: (1) to analyze accountability for the management of village fund allocations (ADD) in Maccini Baji Village (2) to analyze the effectiveness of village fund allocation management (ADD) in Maccini Baji Village. Data collection methods used in this research are literature study, interviews and documentation. Furthermore, the research results were analyzed through descriptive-qualitative methods. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data with the research subjects consisting of the Village Head, Village Secretary, Head of Affairs/staff, and the Maccini Baji Village Community who have an understanding of the management of village fund allocations. The results of this study show that in the implementation of accountability for managing village fund allocations in Maccini Baji village, which is measured using indicators, it is in accordance with Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 20 of 2018. Meanwhile, the analysis of the effectiveness of the management of Maccini Baji village fund allocation which is measured using the effectiveness ratio in 2019 and 2020 are in the effective category. This is evident from the success of the Village Government as well as community participation in managing the Village Fund Allocation income, and being able to maximize the needs of the community so that it is felt well by the village community.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE
Authors: Muliana Sitti , Supryadi Supryadi
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect Profitabilitas and Leverage of the Tax Avoidance. The study was conducted on the building construction company and listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015 – 2020. A total of 37 samples were selected using the purposive sampling method. Source of data in this study are secondary data in the form of the firm’s financial statements. The data analysis method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study showed that partially pofitabilitas has positif effect on tax avoidance, while leverage has not effect on tax avoidance. Simultaneously, profitabilitas and leverage has an effect on tax avoidance.
EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI KINERJA DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM KABUPATEN ENREKANG
Authors: Nurmiati Nurmiati , Lubis Bastian , Yanti Irma
Published: January 2024

This research was conducted to assess the Effectiveness and Efficiency of performance at the Enrekang Regency Public Works Office. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method, namely analyzing the realization of the 2018 to 2021 Public Works Department budget and expenditure budget using effectiveness ratios and efficiency ratios. The results of the study show that the levels and criteria for the effectiveness of using the budget and the realization of the Enrekang Regency Public Works Office for 2018-2021 vary widely. The implementation of the 2018-2021 Expenditure Budget is said to be quite effective Judging from these calculations, the performance of the Enrekang Regency Public Works Office is quite effective because the average result achieved is 84.26%, while for budget calculations regarding the level of efficiency in spending each year the criterion is said to be efficient because based on 2018 calculations it was 80.20%, year 2019 amounted to 77.86%, 2020 amounted to 78.80% and 2021 amounted to 13.09%. Judging from these calculations, the performance of the Enrekang Regency Public Works Office is efficient because the average result achieved is 62,48%.
ANALISIS SISTEM PENGADAAN, PENGEMBANGAN DAN PENGENDALIAN INTERN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PADA PT. BANK SULSELBAR CABANG BULUKUMBA
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Asirah Andi
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the Analysis Of The Procurement System,Development And Internal Control Of The Accounting Information System At PT. BankSulselbar Cabang Bulukumba. So that this research will provide results about howthe Sulselbar bank is doing to get the accounting information system, and how the development of the system it has used, and how to control the information bneeded, and have the right and relevant value.In this study using a qualitative approach. Where researchers directly observe. The object under study which will then describe, describe and explain the procuremen, development, and internal control of the accounting information system at Pt.Bank Sulselbar bulukumba branch. Furthermore, the data collection methods used are documentation, interviews, and library reviews.The results show that the system for procurement, development and internal control ofaccounting information systems at PT. Bank Sulselbar Cabang Bulukumba Branch, is still fully implemented at the head off office. Information systems are obtained by renting a system from a system developer which is then developed using the SLDC (System Development life Cycle) method.
PENGARUH PERAWATAN METODE KANGURU (PMK) TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN HIPOTERMI PADA BBLR DI RSU BAHAGIA MAKASSAR
Authors: Surmayanti Anti Anti , Jufri Anha Fitriana , Mardiani Risna Risna
Published: January 2024

Faktor penyebab kematian bayi terbesar adalah masalah yang terjadi pada bayi baru lahir atau usia umur 0-28 hari, Bayi dengan Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempunyai andil terhadap penyebab kematian bayi khususnya pada masa neonatal. Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) merupakan tolak ukur dalam menentukan status kesehatan suatu masyarakat, pada wilayah tersebut.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh Perawatan Metode Kanguru (PMK) terhadap pencegahan hipotermi pada bayi berat badan lahir rendah di RSU Bahagia Makassar Tahun 2021. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experiment. Populasi dalam seluruh bayi berat badan lahir rendah yang lahir pada bulan Mei s/d Juli 2021. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh bayi baru lahir berat badan lahir rendah yang lahir pada bulan Mei s/d Juli 2021 berjumlah 22 bayi. Terdapat perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan PMK dengan nilai p0,001. Diharapkan PMK yang selama ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahagia Makassar dapat terus diaplikasikan mengingat banyaknya manfaat metode ini baik bagi bayi maupun ibunya, serta peningkatan kemampuan petugas kesehatan dalam melakukan PMK sehingga mampu memberikan in house training bagi ibu agar dapat dilakukan di rumah.
IDENTIFIKASI EKTOPARASIT PADA TIKUS DI TIGA AREA PEMONDOKAN MAHASISWA PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Manyullei Syamsuar
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Tikus dapat berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan dikarenakan tikus merupakan salah satu vektor pembawa penyakit pada manusia. Tikus sebagai vektor membawa ektoparasit dan endoparasit yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan pada manusia Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi parasit pada tikus tertangkap di area pemondokan mahasiswa Unhas, UIN, dan UNM. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah observasional deskriptif. Jumlah perangkap yang dipasang sebanyak 135 buah dan dipasang selama 4 hari berturut-turut untuk setiap lokasi. Hasil: Jenis ektoparasit yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Laelaps nutalli yaitu sebanyak 236 ekor (69,0%). Jenis ektoparasit selanjutnya yaitu P. spinulosa dengan jumlah 95 ekor (27,8%) dan X. cheopis sebanyak 11 ekor (3,2%). Kesimpulan: ektoparasit yang diperoleh di area pemondokan Unhas, UIN dan UNM berjumlah 342 ekor dengan jenis antara lain P. spinulosa, X. cheopis, L. nutalli. Kondisi keberadaan lubang pada atap dan positif tikus adalah sebesar 23.9% sedangkan yang tidak berlubang dan negatif tikus adalah 80,9%. Kondisi lingkungan yaitu keberadaan jalur tikus ke atap dan positif tikus adalah sebesar 23.3% sedangkan yang tidak ada jalur dan negatif tikus adalah 80.3%. Oleh karena itu diharapkan mahasiswa dapat menjaga kebersihan lingkungan seterti membersihkan lantai dan dinding, merapikan barang dan membuang barang yang tidak terpakai dapat mencegah perkembangbiakan vektor tikus.
FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTING TERHADAP BALITA USIA 6-59 BULAN DI DESA TAMANNYELENG
Authors: Liliskarlina Liliskarlina , Hamzah Hadzmawaty , Fitriyastuti Fitriyastuti
Published: January 2024

Latarbelakang : Stunting merupakan keadaan kekurangan gizi pada anak balita yang ditandai dengan pertumbuhan lambat, tinggi badan tidak sesuai dengan umur, dan dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa factor nutrisi, infeksi pencernaan, berat badan lahir rendah dan kesehatan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian. Untuk Mengetahui faktor risiko terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita usia 6-59 bulan di Desa Tamannyeleng, Kecamatan Barombong Kabupaten Gowa. Desain penelitian: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain studi case control, yaitu salah satu metode penelitian dengan survey analitik yang menelaah hubungan antara efek (penyakit atau kondisi kesehatan) dengan faktor risiko tertentu. Besar sampel antara jumlah responden pada kelompok kasus 35 responden dan 35 responden pada kelompok kontrol, sehingga jumlah sampel secara keseluruhan adalah 70 responden. Hasil penelitian: Hasil analisis menunjukkan kualitas fisik air minum, dan kebiasaan cuci tangan tidak ada hubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Sedangkan, kepemilikan jamban memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di desa tamannyeleng. Hasil perhitungan OR menunjukkan kualitas fisik air minum OR 0,485 ; 95% CI (0,042-5,611), kepemilikan jamban tidak terdapat nilai OR, hal tersebut disebabkan karena tidak ada responden 0,0% pada kelompok control yang memiliki jamban yang tidak layak, dan kebiasaan cuci tangan OR 0,282; 95% CI (0,080-0,995). Kualitas air minum bukan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting, sedangkan kebiasaan cuci tangan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting di Desa Tamnnyeleng, kecamatan Barombong Kabupaten Gowa.Saran: Diharapkan kepada orang tua agar selalu selalu menjaga sanitasi lingkungan terutama kebiasaan cuci tangan, dianjurkan cuci tangan pakai sabun sebelum atau setelah melakukan kegiatan karena Hal tersebut dapat mempergaruhi kualitas kebersihan ibu saat mengurus anak. Akibat tangan ibu yang kurang bersih dapat mengakibatkan anak mudah terkena penyakit menular dan anak akan beresiko terserang oleh bakteri yang menempel pada ibu, sehingga dapat menyebabkan penyakit infeksi seperti diare, yang juga dapat mengakibatkan stunting.
PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI REKAM MEDIS PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI RUMAH SAKIT TK. II 14.05.01 PELAMONIA MAKASSAR
Authors: Windarti Sriyani , - Mangindara
Published: January 2024

Beban kerja yang berlebihan berdampak pada keresahan pegawai khususnya tenaga kesehatan, dimana tenaga kesehatan harus tetap bekerja di tengah pandemi, serta penambahan beban kerja yang melebihi kapasitas harus dilaksanakan sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab pada rumah sakit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui analisis pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai rekam medis pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Rumah Sakit TK II. 14.05.01 Pelamonia Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Informan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pekerjaan sudah sesuai dengan kualifikasi dan jadwal dinas pegawai, namun kadang adanya tugas tambahan menjadi beban bagi pegawai. Pada penggunaan waktu kerja belum sesuai dengan SPM, tetapi berdasarkan beban kerja pegawai. Pada pencapaian target, pegawai di unit rekam medis telah mencapai target, namun tidak adanya reward atas kinerja tersebut. Pada lingkungan kerja, pegawai merasa puas dengan kerjasama dalam timnya serta nyaman dengan sarana dan prasarana yang tersedia. Saran peneliti, sebaiknya waktu kerja pegawai disesuaikan dengan SPM untuk meminimalisir beban kerja yang berlebih serta memberikan reward kepada pegawai dengan kinerja yang baik sebagai motivasi bagi pegawai lain untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya.
PENGARUH MUTU PELAYANAN TERHADAP STANDAR AKREDITASI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI RAWAT JALAN RSUD H. PADJONGA DAENG NGALLE TAKALAR
Authors: Nuryadin Afriyana Amelia , Ekawaty Dian , Mangindara Mangindara , Adevia Adriyana , Rahmadani Suci , Aprianti Risma
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Mutu pelayanan kesehatan merupakan derajat atau tingkat kesempurnaan pelayanan kesehatan yang diselenggarakan sesuai dengan standar pelayanan yang berlaku. Standar Akreditasi adalah pedoman yang berisi tingkat pencapaian yang harus dipenuhi oleh rumah sakit dalam meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dan keselamatan pasien. Tujuan Penelitian: untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengaruh antara mutu pelayanan terhadap standar akreditasi pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Rawat Jalan RSUD H. Padjonga daeng Ngalle Takalar Tahun 2021. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Sampel penelitain sebanyak 97 responden. Hasil penelitian uji statistik menggunakan uji chi-square pada variabel realibility (kehandalan), assurance (jaminan), tangibles (bukti langsung), empathy (empati), responsiveness (daya tanggap) didapatkan bahwa nilai P = 0.000 0.05, maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat Pengaruh Mutu Pelayanan Terhadap Standar Akreditasi Pada Rawat Jalan Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 RSUD H. Padjonga Daeng Ngalle Takalar Tahun 2021.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE WITH PREVENTION MEASURES OF RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS IN FURNITURE WORKERS IN JULUBORI VILLAGE, PALLANGGA DISTRICT, GOWA REGENCY IN 2022
Authors: Fhirawati Fhirawati , Hamdayani Hamdayani , Nurindahsari Sri
Published: January 2024

Health is one of the main priorities of humans in living their lives. Everyone certainly wants to have a healthy and strong body and a good immune system so that they are not susceptible to disease. In factory workers there is a risk of accidents and occupational diseases, which come from various factors such as the work environment. A work environment that is often filled with dust, steam, gas, and others can interfere with health.This study aims to identify the knowledge, attitudes, and efforts of factory workers on respiratory functional disorders of furniture craft workers in Julubori Village, Pallangga District, Gowa Regency in 2022.The design of this research is descriptive with a sample size of 60 people. The data collection tool uses a questionnaire. The data collection technique used is Simple Random Sampling, where the researcher distributes questionnaires directly to the sample in this study.The results of this study indicate that 63.3% of respondents have good knowledge, 73.3% of respondents have a positive attitude. This is due to the influence of the involvement of local health workers who provide counseling to workers who are going well and also factory workers who always use PPE when working. For further research, it is recommended to complete this research by conducting a review of the health of respiratory functional disorders in craftsmen in the village and reviewing the facilities of furniture craftsmen and the condition of furniture craftsmen.
HUBUNGAN VARIABEL LINGKUNGAN DENGAN RISIKO KEJADIAN PENYAKIT ISPA PADA BALITA
Authors: Dullah Arif Atul Mahmudah , Liliskarlina Liliskarlina , Hamzah Hadzmawaty , Rahmatika Sitti
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang : Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu penyakit menular dan penyebab kematian pada anak-anak di negara berkembang. Pencemaran udara di sekitar TPAS merusak kesehatan lingkungan, termasuk kualitas udara di sekitar TPAS, terutama peningkatan Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA). Hal ini dikarenakan kondisi yang memprihatinkan dari penumpukan limbah padat seperti sampah yang ada di sekitar wilayah tempat pembuangan akhir sampah.Penelitian ini bertujuan: Untuk mengetahui Hubungan Variabel Lingkungan Dengan Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Ispa Pada Balita.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. seluruh responden yang memiliki balita di sekitar wilayah Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) dengan jumlah sampel 96 orang.Hasil Berdasarkan uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa keadaan ventilasi rumah (P=0,003), kepadatan hunian (P=0,030) dan jarak rumah dengan TPA (P=0,187). Artinya ada hubungan ventilasi rumah, kepadatan hunian dan tidak ada hubungan antara jarak rumah dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita di sekitar wilayah tempat pembuangan akhir sampah Tamangapa Kota Makassar Tahun 2022.Saran: Diharapkan adanya kerjasama antara pihak puskesmas dengan masyarakat melalui penyuluhan kesehatan tentang penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh faktor lingkungan.
PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP WANITA USIA SUBUR PADA PEMERIKSAAN PAP SMEAR
Authors: Sainah Sainah , Hamdayani Hamdayani , Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih , Sofyan Muhammad , Rahmatullah Doni
Published: January 2024

Rendahnya angka cakupan ini terjadi karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan sikap WUS dalam upaya deteksi dini pada kanker serviks. Pengetahuan yang kurang adalah faktor penghambat WUS melakukan pemeriksaan pap smear. Selain itu sikap juga dapat mempengaruhi perilaku wanita usia subur (WUS) untuk melakukan  deteksi dini kanker serviks. Tujuan penelitian: mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan dengan sikap wanita usia subur pada pemeriksaan pap smear. Metode penelitian : deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Besar sampel 40 WUS di Perumahan Rawa Indah Penajam. Hasil: sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tentang pemeriksaan pap smear dalam kategori kurang 17 responden (42,5%) sikap wanita mengenai pemeriksaan pap smear dalam kategori positif 22 responden (55%),berdasarkan hasil uji chi square didapatkan nilai p value 0,0000,05 yang berarti terdapat hubungan tingkat pengetahuand engan sikap wanita usia subur pada pemeriksaan pap smear di perumahan Rawa Indah Penajam. Kesimpulan: ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap wanita usia subur pada pemeriksaan pap smear di Perumahan Rawa Indah Penajam.  Diharapkan wanita usia subur melakukan pemeriksaan pap smear   bagi usia 21-29 tahun melakukan pemeriksaan 1 atau tiap 2 tahun sekali, dan lebih dari 30 tahun melakukan 2-3 tahun sekali jika hasil 3 kali test normal.
Effects of seed treatment on cassava stake performance, whitefly population, disease incidence, and yield performance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Malawi
Authors: Nwokoro Charles Chigemezu , Kachigamba Donald , Chiipanthenga Margaret , Klauser Dominik , Robinson Mike , Berlin Robert
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a pest of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and the vector for two of the crop’s major viral diseases – cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), causing severe economic losses for farmers. In this context, we conducted an on-farm experiment to study the efficiency of a seed treatment technology containing thiamethoxam, fludioxonil, and metalaxyl for rapid multiplication of superior cassava genotypes and early protection of the crop against whitefly at Salima and Nkhotakota, central Malawi in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 cropping seasons, respectively.

Methods

The trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The effect of the application of the seed treatment on stake germination, whitefly population, CMD and CBSD incidences, and stem and storage root yields of three cassava varieties (Kalawe, Mbundumali, and Sauti) at three stake sizes (8 cm, 16 cm, and 25 cm) was compared with control – a 25 cm stake size of each of the cassava variety without seed treatment. A benefit-cost analysis was conducted to determine the profitability of the seed treatment technology for each stake size under certified and non-certified stem scenarios.

Results and discussion

Regardless of stake size and variety, plant germination was highest (96% by 16%) and mean whitefly population lowest (adult 0.4 vs. 3.0 plant-1; nymph 1.0 vs. 3.3 plant-1) with seed treatment application than without. Disease incidence measurements showed no significant effect of seed treatment on CBSD control (p = 0.31), but it reduced CMD incidence by 17% vs. 20% in the untreated. Stem and storage root yields across stake size and cassava variety were highest with seed treatment; 489 bundles ha-1 and 10 (DM) Mg ha-1, respectively. Using the 8 cm stake regardless of variety resulted in the highest average benefit-cost ratio for certified (18.3 USD USD-1) and non-certified (7.8 USD USD-1) cassava stem scenarios.

Conclusion

We conclude that the application of the seed treatment tested in this study would offer protection to planted stakes, increase their germination, reduce whitefly population, increase stem and storage root yields in areas experiencing whitefly pressure, and result in high economic profits.
Morphological characteristics, dry matter yield, and nutritive value of maralfalfa grass (Pennisetum spp.) grown under different planting densities in the central highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Mengistu Gezahegn , Kebede Gezahagn , Faji Mulisa , Feyissa Fekede , Mohammed Kedir , Kehaliew Aemiro , Geleti Diriba , Minta Muluneh , Balehegn Mulubrhan , Rios Estebah F. , Adesogan Adegbola T. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , J. Boote Kenneth
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Maralfalfa grass (Pennisetum spp.) is known for its high dry matter productivity and nutritive value. However, information on agronomic management practices to improve yield and nutritive value in Ethiopia is sparse.

Materials and method

The experiment consisted of 7 plant densities (33,333 [75 cm × 40 cm]; 26,667[75 cm × 50 cm]; 25,000 [100 cm × 40 cm]; 22,222 [75 cm × 60 cm]; 20,000 [100 cm × 50 cm]; 16,667 [100 cm × 60 cm]; and 13,333 [125 cm × 60 cm] plants per hectare, and arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications.

Results

The results indicated that the year had a significant (P<0.001) effect on measured traits. Plant densities had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the number of nodes and leaves per plant, leaf length, and basal diameters. The number of tillers per plant varied significantly among plant densities only in the first year at the 1st harvest. Plant height in the first year was significantly (P<0.01) greater than in the second year.

Discussion

Annual dry matter production and annual crude protein production of Maralfalfa grass were not significantly affected by plant density. Nutritive value parameters (CP, Ash, NDF, ADF, ADL, and IVDMD) were not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by plant density. Using a lower plant density could reduce the amount of planting material, transport, and labor costs.

Conclusion

However, further studies on Maralfalfa grass should be conducted in multi-locations of Ethiopia both under rain-fed and irrigated conditions with various agronomic practices.
A breast cancer-specific combinational QSAR model development using machine learning and deep learning approaches
Authors: Karampuri Anush , Perugu Shyam
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer is the most prevalent and heterogeneous form of cancer affecting women worldwide. Various therapeutic strategies are in practice based on the extent of disease spread, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Combinational therapy is another strategy that has proven to be effective in controlling cancer progression. Administration of Anchor drug, a well-established primary therapeutic agent with known efficacy for specific targets, with Library drug, a supplementary drug to enhance the efficacy of anchor drugs and broaden the therapeutic approach. Our work focused on harnessing regression-based Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms to develop a structure-activity relationship between the molecular descriptors of drug pairs and their combined biological activity through a QSAR (Quantitative structure-activity relationship) model. 11 popularly known machine learning and deep learning algorithms were used to develop QSAR models. A total of 52 breast cancer cell lines, 25 anchor drugs, and 51 library drugs were considered in developing the QSAR model. It was observed that Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) achieved an impressive R2 (Coefficient of Determination) of 0.94, with an RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) value of 0.255, making it the most effective algorithm for developing a structure-activity relationship with strong generalization capabilities. In conclusion, applying combinational therapy alongside ML and DL techniques represents a promising approach to combating breast cancer.
Change of termite hindgut metabolome and bacteria after captivity indicates the hindgut microbiota provides nutritional factors to the host
Authors: Alom Most Shormi , Cen Yijing , Tang Rui , Chen Dasong , Dou Hongliang , Mo Zhenzuan , Du He
Published: January 2024

The gut-dwelling microbiota is an indispensable part of termites. It is influenced by a series of factors, such as diet and captivity. The objectives of this study were to study the metabolic functions of hindgut microbiota and to investigate the influence of captivity on the hindgut microbiota. The dampwood termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti was reared in the laboratory for 6 months. We conducted the metabolome analysis of the fat body from the freshly-collected workers (FBF), the hindgut fluid of the freshly-collected workers (HFF), and the hindgut fluid of laboratory-maintained workers. In addition, the 16S rRNA genes from the hindgut bacteria in the freshly-collected and laboratory-maintained workers were sequenced. According to our results, the concentrations of metabolites associated with amino acid biosynthesis, vitamin biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and cofactor biosynthesis were higher in HFF compared with those in FBF, suggesting that the hindgut microbiota provides nutritional factors to the host. However, after captivity, the concentrations of metabolites in the hindgut associated with amino acid biosynthesis, nucleotide sugar metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism decreased, while those associated with the steroid hormone biosynthesis and ovarian steroidogenesis increased. Meanwhile, the 16S amplicon study revealed that the abundance of certain bacteria changed after captivity, such as uncultured Termite Group 1 bacterium, Candidatus Symbiothrix dinenymphae, and unclassified Desulfovibrio. Our findings show that captivity influences the hindgut microbiota and shed light on the metabolic potential of the hindgut microbiota.
Mechanistic insight for improving butenyl-spinosyn production through combined ARTP/UV mutagenesis and ribosome engineering in Saccharopolyspora pogona
Authors: Zhao Xueli , Hussain Muhammad Hammad , Mohsin Ali , Liu Zebo , Xu Zhixian , Li Zhanxia , Guo Weiqun , Guo Meijin
Published: January 2024

Butenyl-spinosyn is a highly effective, wide-spectrum and environmentally-friendly biological insecticide produced by Saccharopolyspora pogona. However, its scale-up is impeded due to its lower titer in wild-type strains. In this work, ARTP/UV mutagenesis and ribosome engineering were employed to enhance the butenyl-spinosyn production, and a stable mutant Saccharopolyspora pogona aG6 with high butenyl-spinosyn yield was successfully obtained. For the first time, the fermentation results in the 5 L bioreactor demonstrated that the butenyl-spinosyn produced by mutant Saccharopolyspora pogona aG6 reached the maximum value of 130 mg/L, almost 4-fold increase over the wild-type strain WT. Furthermore, comparative genomic, transcriptome and target metabolomic analysis revealed that the accumulation of butenyl-spinosyn was promoted by alterations in ribosomal proteins, branched-chain amino acid degradation and oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusively, the proposed model of ribosome engineering combined with ARTP/UV showed the improved biosynthesis regulation of butenyl-spinosyn in S. pogona.
Protective effect of oral stem cells extracellular vesicles on cardiomyocytes in hypoxia-reperfusion
Authors: Della Rocca Ylenia , Diomede Francesca , Konstantinidou Fanì , Trubiani Oriana , Soundara Rajan Thangavelu , Pierdomenico Sante D. , Gatta Valentina , Stuppia Liborio , Marconi Guya Diletta , Pizzicannella Jacopo
Published: January 2024

Hypoxia signaling plays an important role in physiological and pathological conditions. Hypoxia in the heart tissue can produce different consequences depending on the duration of exposure to the hypoxic state. While acute hypoxic exposure leads to a reversible acclimatization in heart tissue with normal systemic oxygen supply, chronic hypoxia exacerbates cardiac dysfunction, leads to a destruction of the tissue. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles that act as mediators of intercellular communication. EVs are secreted by different cell types and those produced by oral cavity-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including human gingival MSCs (hGMSCs), have pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects and showed therapeutic role in tissue regeneration. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the potential protective and regenerative role of EVs produced by hGMSCs, in an in vitro model of hypoxia-conditioned HL-1 cardiomyocytes through the expression analysis of following inflammatory, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, cell survival and apoptotic markers: HIF-1α, P300, NFkB, CCL2, IL1B, IL6, NRF2, CASP-3, BAX and VEGF. Results showed that hGMSCs-derived EVs exerted protection HL-1 cardiomyocytes exposed to both pre and post hypoxic conditions. Moreover, modulation of CASP3 and BAX expression demonstrated that EVs reduced the apoptosis. The analysis of microRNAs in EVs derived from hGMSCs was performed to assess the epigenetic regulation of the presented markers. The following microRNAs: hsa-miR-138-5p, hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-18a-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-324-5p, hsa-miR-133a-3p, hsa-miR-150-5p, hsa-miR-199a-5p, hsa-miR-128-3p and hsa-miR-221-3p can directly or indirectly target the studied genes by determining their modulation obtained in our study. The data from this study suggested that EVs obtained from hGMSCs may be considered for the cell free treatment option in hypoxia-driven cardiac tissue dysfunction.
Longitudinal dynamics of gut bacteriome and mycobiome interactions pre- and post-visceral surgery in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Wetzel Simon , Müller Alexander , Kohnert Eva , Mehrbarzin Negin , Huber Roman , Häcker Georg , Kreutz Clemens , Lederer Ann-Kathrin , Badr Mohamed Tarek
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Alterations of the gut microbiome are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). The role of fungi in this context is unclear. This study aimed to determine postoperative changes in the bacterial and fungal gut communities of CD patients undergoing intestinal resection, and to evaluate interactions between the bacteriome and mycobiome and their impact on the patients’ outcome.

Methods

We report a subgroup analysis of a prospective cohort study, focusing on 10 CD patients whose fecal samples were collected for bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS2 genes next-generation sequencing the day before surgery and on the 5th or 6th postoperative day.

Results

No significant differences in bacterial and fungal diversity were observed between preoperative and postoperative stool samples. By in-depth analysis, significant postoperative abundance changes of bacteria and fungi and 17 interkingdom correlations were detected. Network analysis identified 13 microbial clusters in the perioperative gut communities, revealing symbiotic and competitive interactions. Relevant factors were gender, age, BMI, lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol consumption) and surgical technique. Postoperative abundance changes and identified clusters were associated with clinical outcomes (length of hospital stay, complications) and levels of inflammatory markers.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the importance of dissecting the interactions of gut bacterial and fungal communities in CD patients and their potential influence on postoperative and disease outcomes.
Effect of palladium(II) complexes on NorA efflux pump inhibition and resensitization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: in vitro and in silico approach
Authors: Shobana Rajaramon , Thahirunnisa Jaffer Hussain , Sivaprakash Selvam , Amali Arlin Jose , Solomon Adline Princy , Suresh Devarajan
Published: January 2024

Staphylococcus aureus leads to diverse infections, and their treatment relies on the use of antibiotics. Nevertheless, the rise of antibiotic resistance poses an escalating challenge and various mechanisms contribute to antibiotic resistance, including modifications to drug targets, enzymatic deactivation of drugs, and increased efflux of antibiotics. Hence, the quest for innovative antimicrobial solutions has intensified in the face of escalating antibiotic resistance and the looming threat of superbugs. The NorA protein of S. aureus, classified as an efflux pump within the major facilitator superfamily, when overexpressed, extrudes various substances, including fluoroquinolones (such as ciprofloxacin) and quaternary ammonium. Addressing this, the unexplored realm of inorganic and organometallic compounds in medicinal chemistry holds promise. Notably, the study focused on investigating two different series of palladium-based metal complexes consisting of QSL_PA and QSL_PB ligands to identify a potent NorA efflux pump inhibitor that can restore the susceptibility to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. QSL_Pd5A was identified as a potent efflux pump inhibitor from the real-time efflux assay. QSL_Pd5A also resensitized SA1199B to ciprofloxacin at a low concentration of 0.125 µg/mL without elucidating cytotoxicity on the NRK-62E cell line. The in vitro findings were substantiated by docking results, indicating favorable interactions between QSL_Pd5A and the NorA efflux pump.
Five tensions in climate adaptation research
Authors: Rickards Lauren A. , Alexandra Jason , Denham Todd , Sanders Anna
Published: January 2024

Climate change adaptation is a maturing field of research imbued with many complexities and tensions. In this article, we outline five tensions that we observe in our own adaptation research. These are between: adaptation as a research topic and practical challenge; uncertainty in adaptation research and decision-makers' desire for certainty; the global scope of adaptation research and its highly context-specific nature; the newness of climate adaptation research and its push to address old problems; adaptation as a specialization and the need for all researchers to engage. Our aim is to encourage critical discussion and reflection among researchers about how adaptation research is positioned within, shaped by and influences social and institutional settings. Given its emplaced character, adaptation research needs to attend to its content and context.
Challenges and opportunities for online education of veterinary sciences in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kadyrov Ablaikhan , Ussenbayev Altay , Kurenkeyeva Dariyash , Abdrakhmanova Aruzhan , Mukhanbetkaliyev Yersyn , Adilbekov Zhanat , Perez Andres , Abdrakhmanov Sarsenbay
Published: January 2024

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (SARS-COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically improved the attitude that society has toward educational opportunities that are administered online. In many cases, digital platforms were adapted and utilized without formal evaluation of the needs, constraints, and opportunities associated with their use. Here, the eight historical faculties of veterinary sciences of Kazakhstan were surveyed to gather data on the use of online technology for the discipline in the country and the limitations, opportunities, and challenges associated with its use. Results show that technological resources, institutional support, and faculty and instructors' attitudes are highly favorable for the implementation of online education programs consistently throughout the country. In contrast, students' motivations and skills are perceived as variable, although generally favorable, at different locations. The results here provide insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with using online technology for instruction in veterinary sciences in Kazakhstan, which will help create the foundations for implementing this type of program in the country and region.
Do patients with diabetes with new onset acute myocardial infarction present with different symptoms than non-diabetic patients?
Authors: Schmitz Timo , Wein Bastian , Raake Philip , Heier Margit , Peters Annette , Linseisen Jakob , Meisinger Christa
Published: January 2024

Background

The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in presenting symptoms between patients with and without diabetes being diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods

A total of 5,900 patients with a first-time AMI were included into the analysis. All patients aged between 25 and 84 years were recorded by the population-based Myocardial Infarction Registry in Augsburg, Germany, between 2010 and 2017. The presence (yes/no) of 12 AMI typical symptoms during the acute event was assessed within the scope of a face-to-face interview. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were calculated to analyze the associations between presenting symptoms and diabetes mellitus in AMI patients.

Results

Patients with diabetes had significantly less frequent typical pain symptoms, including typical chest pain. Also, other symptoms like sweating, vomiting/nausea, dizziness/vertigo and fear of death/feeling of annihilation occurred significantly more likely in non-diabetic patients. The only exception was the symptom of shortness of breath, which was found significantly more often in patients with diabetes. In multivariable-adjusted regression models, however, the observed effects were attenuated. In patients younger than 55 years, the associations between diabetes and various symptoms were mainly missing.

Conclusions

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor not only for the development of AMI, but is also associated with an adverse outcome after AMI. Atypical clinical presentation additionally complicates the diagnostic process. It is therefore essential for physicians to be aware of the more often atypical symptoms that diabetic AMI patients report.
The impact of age-specific childhood body-mass index on adult cardiometabolic traits: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Jun , Kuang Yalan , Yang Xiaoyan , Li Chunyang , Qi Mei , Fu Ping , Zeng Xiaoxi
Published: January 2024

Objective

To evaluate the causal relationship between childhood body-mass index (BMI) at different ages and adult cardiometabolic traits.

Methods

We retrieved genetic instrument variables (IVs) for exposures (standardized BMI at newborn, infant, toddler and late childhood), cardiometabolic traits and potential confounders or mediators (adult BMI, SHBG, testosterone and age at menarche) from the corresponding genome-wide association analysis. We performed univariate and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to dissect associations between age-specific childhood BMI and adult cardiometabolic outcomes. Odds ratio was used to present the direction of the causal association.

Results

In univariate MR, higher newborn BMI was causally associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes in women. Late childhood BMI was associated with increased risk for female diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in general population. Among these associations, only association between late childhood BMI with MI remained significant after adjusting for adult male BMI and sex hormones, (OR = 1.120, 95% CI 1.023-1.226, p = 0.014). Besides, in multivariable MR, we found evidence for causal association between newborn BMI with reduced risk for CAD (OR = 0.862, 95% CI 0.751-0.989, p = 0.034) and MI (OR = 0.864, 95% CI 0.752-0.991, p = 0.037) in men. No obvious impact of infant or toddler BMI was identified on the above-mentioned diseases. For continuous cardiometabolic traits, in all age epochs except infant, higher BMI was associated with increased level of fasting glucose in women.

Conclusion

BMI at birth and late childhood exerts different impact on adult cardiometabolic diseases, while BMI at infant and toddler ages is not causally associated with these outcomes. The effect of childhood BMI may be influenced by sex disparities.
Multigenerational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Thornton Jennifer M. , Shah Nishel M. , Lillycrop Karen A. , Cui Wei , Johnson Mark R. , Singh Natasha
Published: January 2024

Gestational diabetes (GDM) changes the maternal metabolic and uterine environment, thus increasing the risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes for both mother and child. Children of mothers who have GDM during their pregnancy are more likely to develop Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), early-onset cardiovascular disease and GDM when they themselves become pregnant, perpetuating a multigenerational increased risk of metabolic disease. The negative effect of GDM is exacerbated by maternal obesity, which induces a greater derangement of fetal adipogenesis and growth. Multiple factors, including genetic, epigenetic and metabolic, which interact with lifestyle factors and the environment, are likely to contribute to the development of GDM. Genetic factors are particularly important, with 30% of women with GDM having at least one parent with T2D. Fetal epigenetic modifications occur in response to maternal GDM, and may mediate both multi- and transgenerational risk. Changes to the maternal metabolome in GDM are primarily related to fatty acid oxidation, inflammation and insulin resistance. These might be effective early biomarkers allowing the identification of women at risk of GDM prior to the development of hyperglycaemia. The impact of the intra-uterine environment on the developing fetus, “developmental programming”, has a multisystem effect, but its influence on adipogenesis is particularly important as it will determine baseline insulin sensitivity, and the response to future metabolic challenges. Identifying the critical window of metabolic development and developing effective interventions are key to our ability to improve population metabolic health.
Case report: Early molecular confirmation and sodium polystyrene sulfonate management of systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism type I
Authors: Alkhatib Einas H. , Bartlett Deirdre , Kanakatti Shankar Roopa , Regier Debra , Merchant Nadia
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) consists of resistance to aldosterone. Neonatal presentation is characterized by salt wasting, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis with high risk of mortality. Type 1 PHA can be autosomal dominant (renal type 1) or autosomal recessive (systemic type 1). Renal PHA type 1 can be feasibly managed with salt supplementation; however, systemic PHA type 1 tends to have more severe electrolyte imbalance and can be more refractory to treatment.

Case Presentation

We present a case of a 3-year-old girl with systemic PHA type 1, diagnosed and confirmed molecularly in infancy, who has been successfully managed with sodium polystyrene sulfonate decanted into feeds along with sodium supplementation. On day 5 of life, a full-term female infant presented to the ED for 2 days of non-bloody, non-bilious emesis, along with hypothermia to 94°F. Laboratory results were notable for hyponatremia (Na) of 127, hyperkalemia (K) of 7.9, and acidosis with bicarbonate level of 11.2. Genetic testing ordered within a week of life confirmed PHA type 1 with a homozygous pathogenic frameshift variant in SCNN1A c.575delA (p.Arg192GlyfsX57). Sodium polystyrene sulfonate and feeds were decanted until the age of 16 months, and she was also continued on NaCl supplementation. She was gradually transitioned to directly administered sodium polystyrene sulfonate without any electrolyte issues. She has overall done well after gastrostomy-tube (G-tube) placement without severe hyperkalemia even with several hospitalizations for gastrointestinal or respiratory illnesses.

Discussion/Conclusion

A treatment approach to systemic PHA and sodium polystyrene sulfonate administration in neonates and infants is described.