bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAX-DOAS observations of formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide at three sites in Asia and comparison with the global chemistry transport model CHASER
Authors: Hoque Hossain Mohammed Syedul , Sudo Kengo , Irie Hitoshi , Damiani Alessandro , Naja Manish , Fatmi Al Mashroor
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations and profiles were retrieved from ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations during January 2017 through December 2018 at three sites in Asia: (1) Phimai (15.18° N, 102.5° E), Thailand; (2) Pantnagar (29° N, 78.90° E) in the Indo Gangetic plain (IGP), India; and (3) Chiba (35.62° N, 140.10° E), Japan. The observations were used to evaluate the NO2 and HCHO partial columns and profiles (0–4 km) simulated using the global chemistry transport model (CTM) CHASER. The NO2 and HCHO concentrations at all three sites showed consistent seasonal variations throughout the investigated period. Biomass burning affected the HCHO and NO2 variation in Phimai during the dry season and in Pantnagar during spring (March–May) and post-monsoon (September–November). The results on the HCHO to NO2 ratio (RFN), an indicator of high ozone sensitivity, show that the transition region (i.e., 1< RFN < 2) changes regionally, echoing the recent finding on the effectiveness of RFN. Moreover, reasonable estimates of transition regions can be derived accounting for the NO2- HCHO chemical feedback. CHASER demonstrated good performances reproducing the HCHO and NO2 abundances at Phimai, mainly above 500 m from the surface. Model results agree with the measured variations, ranging within the one sigma standard deviation of the observations. Despite the complex terrain of Pantnagar (mountainous terrain), the modeled NO2 estimates between 1.8–2 km were reasonable. Simulations at higher resolution improved the modeled NO2 estimates in Chiba, reducing the mean bias error (MBE) in the 0–2 km height by 35 %. However, resolution-based improvements were limited to the surface layers. Sensitivity studies showed pyrogenic emissions in Phimai contribute to the HCHO and NO2 concentrations up to ~ 50 and ~35 %, respectively.
Physiological control on carbon isotope fractionation in marine phytoplankton
Authors: Brandenburg Karen M. , Rost Björn , Van de Waal Dedmer B. , Hoins Mirja , Sluijs Appy
Published: March 2022

Abstract. One of the great challenges in biogeochemical research over the past half a century has been to quantify and understand the mechanisms underlying stable carbon isotope fractionation (εp) in phytoplankton in response to changing pCO2. Partly, this interest is grounded in the use of fossil photosynthetic organism remains as a proxy for past atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Phytoplankton organic carbon is depleted in 13C compared to its source because of kinetic fractionation by the enzyme RubisCO during photosynthetic carbon fixation, as well as through physiological pathways upstream of RubisCO. Moreover, other factors such as nutrient limitation, variations in light regime as well as phytoplankton culturing systems and inorganic carbon manipulation approaches may confound the influence of CO2 on εp. Here, based on experimental data compiled from the literature, we assess which underlying physiological processes cause the observed differences in εp for various phytoplankton groups in response to C-demand/C-supply and test potential confounding factors. Culturing approaches and methods of carbonate chemistry manipulation were found to best explain the differences in εp between studies, although daylength was an important predictor for εp in haptophytes. Extrapolating results from culturing experiments to natural environments and for proxy applications therefore requires caution, and it should be carefully considered whether culture methods and experimental conditions are representative of natural environments.
Quantification of post-glacier erosion in the European Alps using 10Be and OSL exposure dating
Authors: Elkadi Joanne , Lehmann Benjamin , King Georgina , Steinemann Olivia , Ivy-Ochs Susan , Christl Marcus , Herman Frederic
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The retreat of glaciers since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the European Alps has left an imprint on topography through glacial and non-glacial erosional processes. However, few methods are currently capable of resolving these mechanisms on Lateglacial to Holocene timescales. Quantifying the relative contributions of mountain erosion, during these different climate cycles, is useful for understanding long-term landscape evolution and the links between global climate and erosion. Here, we combine three Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) exposure dating signals with 10Be surface exposure dating to constrain the post-glacier erosion rates of bedrock samples down a vertical transect adjacent to the Gorner glacier in Zermatt, Switzerland. The results reveal erosion rates on the order of 10-2 to 10-1 mm a-1, in general agreement with other studies in the region, as well as a strong negative correlation between erosion rates and elevation. Finally, at present glacial erosion is assumed to have a greater influence on landscapes, yet a global compilation of both glacial and non-glacial erosion rates in deglaciated environments shows that erosion rates during interglacial times could be equally important.
FORCCHN V2.0: An individual tree-based model for predicting multiscale forest carbon dynamics
Authors: Fang Jing , Shugart Herman , Liu Feng , Yan Xiaodong , Song Yunkun , Lv Fucheng
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Process-based ecological models are essential tools to quantify and predict forest growth and carbon cycle under the background of climate change. The accurate description of phenology and tree growth processes enables an improved understanding and predictive modeling of forest dynamics. An individual tree-based carbon model, FORCCHN2 (FORest ecosystem Carbon budget model for CHiNa Version 2.0), used the non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) pools to couple tree growth and phenology. This model performed well in reducing uncertainty in predicting forest carbon fluxes. Here, we describe the framework in detail and provide the source code of FORCCHN2. We also present a Dynamic Link Library (DLL) package containing the latest version of the FORCCHN2 model. This package has the advantage of using Fortran as an interface to make the model runs fast on a daily step, the package also allows the users to call it with their preferred computer tools (e.g., Matlab, R, Python, etc.). FORCCHN2 model can be used directly to predict the yearly phenology as well as the daily carbon fluxes (including photosynthesis, above- and belowground autotrophic respiration, and soil heterotrophic respiration) and biomass on plot, regional, and global scales. As case studies, we provide an example of the FORCCHN2 running, model validations in 78 forest sites, and an example model application for the carbon dynamics of Northern Hemisphere forests. We demonstrate the FORCCHN2 model can produce a reasonable agreement with flux observations. Given the potential importance of the application of this ecological model in many studies, there is substantial scope for using the FORCCHN2 model in fields as diverse as forest ecology, climate change, and carbon estimations.
Attenuated atmospheric backscatter profiles measured by the CO2 Sounder lidar in the 2017 ASCENDS/ABoVE airborne campaign
Authors: Sun Xiaoli , Kolbeck Paul Thomas , Abshire James Brice , Kawa Stephan Randy , Mao Jianping
Published: March 2022

Abstract. A series of attenuated atmospheric backscatter profiles were measured at 1572 nm by the CO2 Sounder lidar during the eight flights of the 2017 ASCENDS/ABoVE (Active Sensing of CO2 Emission over Nights, Days, & Seasons mission, Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment) airborne campaign. In addition to measuring the column average CO2 mixing ratio from the signals reflected by the ground, the CO2 Sounder lidar also recorded the height-resolved attenuated atmospheric backscatter profiles beneath the aircraft. We have recently processed these vertical profiles with a 15-m vertical spacing and 1-s integration time along the flight path (~200 m) for all the 2017 flights and have posted the results at NASA Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics (Sun et al., 2022), https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2051. This paper describes the principle of these lidar backscatter profile measurements, their data processing, and estimated signal to noise ratio.
LPJ-GUESS/LSMv1.0: A next generation Land Surface Model with high ecological realism
Authors: Martín Belda David , Anthoni Peter , Wårlind David , Olin Stefan , Schurgers Guy , Tang Jing , Smith Benjamin , Arneth Almut
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Land biosphere processes are of central importance to the climate system. Specifically, biological processes interact with the atmosphere through a variety of feedback loops that modulate energy, water and CO2 fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Human land use and land cover modification add a further level of complexity to land-atmosphere interactions. Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) attempt to capture these land surface processes, and are increasingly incorporated into Earth System Models (ESMs), which makes it possible to study the coupled dynamics of the land-biosphere and the climate. In this work we describe a number of modifications to the LPJ-GUESS DGVM, aimed at enabling direct integration into an ESM. These include energy balance closure, the introduction of a sub-daily time step, a new radiative transfer scheme, and improved soil physics. The implemented modifications allow the model (LPJ-GUESS/LSM) to simulate the diurnal exchange of energy, water and CO2 between the land-ecosystem and the atmosphere. A site-based evaluation against FLUXNET2015 data shows reasonable agreement between observed and modeled sensible and latent heat fluxes. Differences in predicted ecosystem function between standard LPJ-GUESS and LPJ-GUESS/LSM vary across land cover types, but the emergent ecosystem composition and structure are consistent between the two versions. We find that the choice of stomatal conductance model has a major impact on the model's predictions. The new LSM implementation described in this work lays the foundation for using the well established LPJ-GUESS DGVM as an alternative LSM in coupled land-biosphere-climate studies, where an accurate representation of ecosystem processes is essential.
Manajemen Full Day School di SMA As Safi’iyah Medan
Authors: Siregar Achmad Zulfikar
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine Full Day School Management in SMA AS SYAFI’IYAH Medan, Jl. Karya Wisata Ii No.1,Medan Johor, Medan, North Sumatra Province. This research is a qualitative popoulasi study of the Full Day School teacher and management and students of SMA AS SYAFI’IYAH Medan. In an effort to improve student character education in MAN 2, the terrain model includes stages, namely: planning Full Day School learning, implementing Full Day School learning and evaluating Full Day School learning. Learning planning is adapted to the curriculum adopted by SMA AS SYAFI’IYAH Medan, namely the government curriculum, local curriculum and school curriculum and the formulation of syllabus and plan for implementing learning (RPP). The implementation of Full Day School learning consists of habituation activities, exemplary activities, nationalism and patriotism activities and student creativity activities. Evaluation Full Day School learning in general in Medan Model 2 MAN 2 in determining minimal completeness provides an assessment of three domains, namely cognitive, affective and domain psychomotor.
Mekanisme Pengembangan Bisnis Sarang Burung Walet di Kabupaten Pidie Jaya
Authors: Dewi Hartanti
Published: March 2022

Pidie Jaya Regency from 2012 to 2015 has never resulted in achieving the realization of the swallow's nest business target. This study aims to identify and describe the mechanism for setting targets and government action plans to increase acceptance of the realization of the swiftlet nest business in Pidie Jaya Regency, Aceh, Indonesia. This research was conducted with a descriptive qualitative approach. The data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, while the informants of this study were determined based on the propositional technique. The results of this study indicate that the mechanism for determining the object of the swallow's nest business has been determined by the DPPKAD (The Regional Revenue, Financial, and Asset Management Agencies) service at 8% of the harvest. The determination of the swallow's nest business target in Pidie Jaya Regency is based on an estimate/prediction, it is still not accomplished mathematically and visits the real thing in the field. To increase the acceptance of the swallow's nest business realization, the DPPKAD Office will carry out socialization, appeals, installation of billboards, and broadcasting of advertisements on radio, and will cooperate with the village leader parties to stay business subjects. A recommendation for this research is that the DPKKAD should carry out its duties by establishing procedures or qanuns (local regulations).
Pentingnya Komunitas Sel dalam Pertumbuhan Gereja: Sebuah Permodelan dalam Kisah Para Rasul
Authors: Baskoro Paulus Kunto , Arifianto Yonatan Alex
Published: March 2022

The church as a place of fellowship for believers has a responsibility to create, maintain and develop koinonia relationships that can lead to church growth. Through this paper, the author can describe the importance of the cell community in bringing about the value of close fellowship and kinship so that it can lead to church growth. Using the descriptive qualitative method, it can be concluded that the cell community is a system that must be implemented. Where this group will be able to run well if the community applies the characteristics of strengthening, caring, sharing, and belonging to each other in the concept of shared interests, as well as being a role in serving others. The community in the Acts of the Apostles or the early church became a community that lived in respect for others. The cell community in the Acts model becomes a role model for the church that will develop in church growth. AbstrakGereja  sebagai tempat bersekutu orang-orang percaya memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menciptakan, memelihara dan mengembangkan hubungan koinonia yang dapat membawa pada pertumbuhan gereja. Melalui tulisan ini penulis dapat mendeskripsikan bahwa pentingnya komunitas sel  dalam membawa dampak bagi nilai pesekutuan dan kekekuargaan yang erat sehingga dapat membawa pada pertumbuhan gereja. Menggunkan metode kualitatif deskriftif dapat disimpulkan bahwa komunitas sel mempakan suatu sistem yang harus dilaksanakan.  Dimana kelompok ini akan dapat berjalan dengan baik, jika dalam komunitas tersebut menerapkan karakteristik  menguatkan, memperhatikan, berbagi serta saling memiliki dalam konsep kepentingan bersama, juga menjadi role dalam melayani sesama. Komuntas dalamKisah Parah Rasul atau gereja mula-mula menjadi  komunitas yang hidup dalam menghargai sesama. Komunitas sel dalam permodelan Kisah Para Rasul tersebut menjadi suatu role model bagi  gereja yang akan berkembang dalam pertumbuhan gereja.
Reinterpretasi Misi pada Ruang Publik Pluralisme: Analisis Matius 28:19-21
Authors: Walean Jefrie
Published: March 2022

This study examines the concept of mission and reinterpretation of mission in the public sphere. This study aims to reinterpret the text of Matthew 28:19-21 in the public sphere and then position the missiological substance in a relevant way. This research is expected to provide socio-theological understanding in pluralism to churches and believers so that they have a responsibility in the mission but need to review the concept of mission in the public sphere. The author uses qualitative research. This study concludes that the interpretation of the mission in the description of the text of Matthew 28: 19-21 must be understood comprehensively and seeks to place the mission contextually without leaving the joints of diversity.  AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji konsep misi dan reinterpretasi misi di ruang publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mereinterpretasikan teks Matius 28:19-21 di ruang publik selanjutnya memosisikan substansi misiologis secara relevan. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberi pemahaman sosio-teologis dalam kemajemukan kepada gereja dan orang percaya agar memiliki tanggung jawab dalam misi namun perlu mengkaji ulang konsep misi di ruang publik. Penulis menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa interpretasi misi dalam uraian teks Matius 28: 19-21 harus dipahami secara komprehensif dan berusaha untuk menempatkan misi secara kontekstual tanpa meninggalkan sendi-sendi keberagaman.
Kepemimpinan Gereja yang Berdampak dalam Menghadapi Persoalan Masyarakat Abad XXI
Authors: Suprijadi Totok
Published: March 2022

The church leadership in the XXI century, or this third millennium, requires the ability of leaders who can deal with rapid changes in society and the world. Likewise, the church, as a light, is expected to enlighten the chaotic world of this century. The values of the Kingdom of God that are displayed through the reflection of spiritual leadership are expected to color the condition of the world. The church as an agent of salt and light in the world will be the solution and answer for the world community to fill the empty part of their soul. The world is heading for great change, and the Church is amid this world. By using descriptive qualitative methods and a literature study approach, it is found that church leaders amid the conditions of the 21st-century world community display biblical principles. In fact, which remains consistent based on the values that come from the Logos/Word in dealing with philosophical/values that are built on human arrogance. Because the expected leader of the Church is of lasting value and impact. The principles of this leadership are to shepherd, not by force, not to seek profit, to be an example, to humble oneself to one another, to humble oneself under the hand of God, to surrender all worries to God, to be aware and watchful of the opponent, namely the devil, and resist the devil with firm faith. AbstrakKepemimpinan Gereja abad XXI, atau milenium ketiga ini, membutuhkan kemampuan pemimpin yang dapat menghadapi perubahan cepat dalam masyarakat dan dunia. Demikian halnya juga dengan gereja, sebagai terang, diharapkan memberi pencerahan bagi karut-marutnya dunia abad ini. Nilai-nilai Kerajaan Allah yang ditampilkan melalui refleksi kepemimpinan rohani diharapkan mewarnai kondisi dunia. Gereja sebagai agen garam dan terang dunia akan menjadi solusi dan jawaban bagi masyarakat dunia untuk mengisi bagian dari jiwanya yang kosong. Dunia sedang menuju perubahan besar, dan Gereja ada di tengah-tengah dunia ini. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskritif dan pendekatan studi literatur didapatkan bahwa kepemimpinan gereja di tengah kondisi masyarakat dunia abad ke-21 menampilkan prinsip-prinsip alkitabiah, yang tetap konsisten berdasarkan nilai-nilai yang bersumber dari Sang Logos/Firman di dalam menghadapi nilai-nilai/filosofis yang dibangun di atas keangkuhan manusia. Sebab kepemimpi-nan Gereja yang seperti apa yang diharapkan, adalah yang bernilai abadi serta berdampak. Adapun yang menjadi prinsip dari kepemimpinan tersebut adalah: menggembalakan, tidak dengan paksa, tidak mau mencari keuntungan, menjadi teladan, merendahkan diri seorang terha-dap yang lain, merendahkan diri di bawah tangan Tuhan, menyerahkan segala kekuatiran kepada Tuhan, sadar dan berjaga-jaga terhadap lawan, yaitu iblis, dan melawan iblis dengan iman yang teguh.
Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Era Disrupsi
Authors: Runesi Anastasia , Yohanes Christian , Juliana Putri Maria
Published: March 2022

The disruption era is a condition that is closely related to changes in the industrial world from the previous system. This era brings major changes in various fields of life because of the presence of technology that makes it easier and at the same time shifts the role of humans. The result is felt in all fields, including Christian religious education. Machines have replaced human tasks in a variety of actions that have caused humans to no longer be a resource that needs to be valued and employed. Responding to this problem, Christian Religious Education must be present as a means of growing faith and the character of Christ which can be a guide in facing and solving any problems in everyday life, including problems that arise in the era of disruption. This study aims to examine the relevance of problem-based learning strategies applied in Christian Religious Education learning as an answer to problems that occur in the era of disruption. The method used in revealing the relevance is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study indicate that the application of problem-based learning strategies in Christian Religious Education is relevant, effective, and efficient in responding to the challenges and needs in the era of disruption. This is because students will be equipped with soft skills so that they are able to solve problems creatively and innovatively but still adhere to the character of Christ. AbstrakEra disrupsi merupakan keadaan yang erat dengan perubahan pada dunia industri dari sistem sebelumnya. Era ini membawa perubahan besar pada berbagai bidang kehidupan karena hadirnya teknologi yang mempermudah sekaligus menggeser peranan manusia. Akibatnya sangat terasa dalam segala bidang, termasuk pendidikan Agama Kristen. Mesin telah menggantikan tugas manusia dalam berbagai macam tindakan yang menyebabkan manusia tidak lagi menjadi sumber daya yang perlu dihargai dan dipekerjakan. Menanggapi masalah itu, Pendidikan Agama Kristen harus hadir sebagai sarana menumbuhkan iman dan karakter Kristus yang dapat menjadi pedoman dalam menghadapi dan menyelesaikan masalah apapun di kehidupan sehari-hari termasuk permasalahan yang timbul di era disrupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji relevansi strategi pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang diterapkan dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen sebagai jawaban atas masalah yang terjadi di era disrupsi. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengungkap relevansi itu adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan strategi pembelajaran berbasis masalah dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen merupakan hal yang relevan, efektif, dan efisien menjawab tantangan serta kebutuhan di era disrupsi. Hal ini karena peserta didik akan diperlengkapi dengan soft skill sehingga mampu menyelesaikan masalah secara kreatif dan inovatif namun tetap berpegang dengan karakter Kristus.
Peran Pendidikan Teologi dan Kepemimpinan Kristen dalam Pembentukan Karakter Guru Sekolah Minggu
Authors: Bawamenewi Yunida , Marbun Lidia , Fernando Andreas , Triposa Reni
Published: March 2022

Theological education actually has an important role for Sunday school teachers in giving a more specific understanding to a teacher in guiding, directing, and educating Sunday school children. Because Sunday school is a place for character building, attitude, and introduction of children from an early age about the truth of God's word. Not only theological education has an important role for Sunday school teachers, Christian leadership also has an important role for Sunday school teachers. Christian leadership is leadership that has the heart of a servant in serving others where the model is Jesus. A Christian leader has a very strong influence on Sunday school teachers in bringing positive changes to Sunday school teachers so that the teacher is able to transform this positive influence on Sunday school children. This writing uses a literature research method where this research method is carried out with a descriptive qualitative approach so that it can describe the role of theological education and Christian leadership for Sunday school teachers because theological education and Christian leadership are the basis for Sunday school teachers in teaching children. Sunday school kids.  AbstrakPendidikan teologi sesungguhnya memiliki peran penting untuk guru sekolah Minggu dalam memberi pemahaman ynag lebih spesifik kepada seorang guru dalam membimbing, mengarahkan dan mendidik anak sekolah Minggu. Oleh karena sekolah Minggu merupakan wadah pembentukan karakter, sikap dan pengenalan anak sejak dini tentang kebenaran firman Tuhan. Tidak hanya pendidikan teologi saja yang memiliki peran penting bagi guru sekolah Minggu, kepemimpinan kristen juga memiliki peran penting bagi guru sekolah Minggu. Kepemimpinan kristen adalah kepemimpinan yang memiliki hati seorang hamba dalam melayani orang lain dimana yang menjadi modelnya adalah Yesus. Seorang pemimpin kristen memiliki pengaruh yang sangat kuat bagi guru sekolah Minggu dalam mebawa perubahan positif bagi guru sekolah Minggu sehingga guru tersebut mampu mentransformasi pengaruh positif tersebut kepada anak sekolah Minggu. Penulisan ini menggunakann metode penelitian pustaka dimana metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, sehingga dapat mengdeskripsikan peran pendidikan teologi dan kepemimpinan kristen itu bagi guru sekolah Minggu, oleh karena pendidikan teologi dan kepemimpinan kristen ini merupakan dasar bagi para guru sekolah Minggu dalam mengajar anak-anak sekolah Minggu.
Financial Innovation among Smallholder Farmers: Enhancing the uptake of Weather Index Insurance through a Pragmatic Approach
Authors: Munkombwe Joshua , Phiri Jackson , Siankwilimba Enock
Published: March 2022

Advances in innovation around financial instruments over the decades have promoted a response to the improved development of agriculture products and services in the sector, allowing, to some lesser extent, the introduction and testing of these products to poor rural farmers. However, over the years, the agriculture sector has faced challenges from climate change, resulting in poor agriculture production and productivity for farmers. Therefore, the study considered the extent to which smallholder farmers were willing to uptake and adopt innovations such as the weather insurance index and financial edging technology. The uptake of innovation and technologies has several factors. According to Rodgers, the technology diffusion theory, five elements need to be considered: compatibility, relative advantage, complexity, observability, and trialability. To achieve this objective, we conducted a mixed-method study targeting 252 smallholder farmers in the Choma district of the Southern province of Zambia. Using well-structured questionnaires, a survey of 252 randomly but purposively selected farmers were interviewed. The study was a cross-section from 2014 to 2020 to help establish the impact throughout the years. An IBM statistical analysis in social science (SPSS) was used to analyze quantitative data, and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The study established that the extent of innovation diffusion of the weather insurance index with farmers is a combination of factors that need to be implemented if farmers adapt and adopt technologies. The innovation diffusion theory explains the factors that are supposed to be paid attention to as financial innovations are pushed onto the agricultural markets. However, the study found that 34.9% of farmers were unaware of the weather insurance index provision through government initiatives or not. This research, therefore, informs national policymakers, farmers, researchers, and educators on the impact of the weather insurance index. It similarly provides evidence on the uptake as it is and suggests a way forward on issues such as "best practices for marketing, distribution, insurance education, and product design to some extent."
An Empirical Study of Factors Influencing Implementation of Rural Development Projects in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Chima Paul , Iko Samson Joseph
Published: March 2022

The study was prompted by the abiding concern for the continuous existence of failed and abandoned projects in Gwagwalada Area Council of Abuja. The study investigates the extent to which funding, change of government, existing project monitoring mechanisms and workforce affect the implementation of rural development projects of the Council. Content and thematic analysis aided by Nvivo11was used for the analysis of the interview. Multiple regression was used for hypothesis testing. The finding indicates that the four (4) factors impacted the Area Council's implementation of rural development programs. However, the relative contributions of each factor differed in order of ranking. Change of government and funding, with standardized coefficients of (.414) and (.266), were found significantly responsible for the incidence of failed and discontinued projects in the Council. The study recommends project continuity for succeeding governments and that efforts to boost its Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) be scaled up.
Current Incorporation and Impact of Computational Biology in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Naaz Sadaf , Rani Sweety Guria , Pati Purbasha
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (Senile Dementia) is a neurological disorder that slowly destroys memory and disseminates thinking skills. Approximately 5 million people are already affected by this disease in the United States. It shows that, up to 2060, the number of patients will increase threefold. With advances in computational biology and next-generation sequence, multiple experimentation are undergoing in exploring the novel and functional role of genes during Alzheimer’s disease. Recently development of next-generation sequence machine and bioinformatics has started to investigate the placement of genetics within the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, collectively with the consequences of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have implicated a number of the unconventional genes as risk factors. In this review we discuss the current scenario and advances in computational biology towards Alzheimer’s disease research.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, next-generation sequence, GWAS, computational modelling, bioinformatics.
Work Related Musculoskeletal Risk Assessment Using REBA Assessment Tool in a Medical Doctor during COVID-19 Pandemic - A Case Study
Authors: George Susan Annie , Abraham Arun Thomas
Published: March 2022

Purpose: A case study was done to analyze the risk of work related musculoskeletal disorder due to poor ergonomics using REBA assessment tool in Medical Doctor.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The researchers use the descriptive research methodology to understand all the activities required in meeting the objectives of the study. The working position of the doctor is described factually and accurately based on the interviews, observation and evaluation. Overall musculoskeletal Pain was analyzed using the Numerical pain rating scale (NRS), and the level of musculoskeletal disorder risk for the job task being evaluated by Rapid Entire Body Assessment tool (REBA). Thus, this design may help to uncover new facts, about the risk of musculoskeletal disorder and importance of ergonomics in medical doctors especially during covid -19 pandemic. Data obtained from the study are recorded, described, and analyzed for comparison and further analysis. The main respondents of the study were a medical doctor who visited physiotherapy out - patient department due to musculoskeletal pain.
Finding/Result: This case study has proven that the medical doctors, especially during covid – 19 pandemic are exposed to high risks of musculoskeletal disorders due to their poor ergonomics. So, it is important to give proper guidance in good ergonomics and ergonomically correct workstation to avoid the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among medical doctors.
Originality/Value: An ergonomic dimension of this study.
Paper Type: Case Study Research

Keywords: Ergonomics, Covid -19, Work -Related Musculoskeletal Disorder, REBA, Medical Doctor.
Efficacy of Faradism under Pressure Technique in Diabetic Foot: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Shrimali Nirav , Vedawala Nidhi
Published: March 2022

Background: Chronic edema is a distressing chronic symptom that is the result of several conditions including chronic venous disease, immobility, and obesity. Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of developing neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and infections.
Objective: The study aimed to find the effectiveness of faradism under pressure in the participants with diabetic foot and determine the better of these for benefit of patients.
Study Design: A randomized controlled trial
Methods: In a 4-week intervention study, 30 participants with features of diabetic foot were studied. They were divided into 2 groups by simple random sampling; Group A: Faradism under Pressure and Group B: Control Group. Pre- and post-treatment data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used to find out the significance of the treatment.
Results: A significant improvement in pain and swelling (p<0.05) after the treatment was found. Greater statistically significant improvement was seen in Group A as compared to Group B.
Conclusion: The study concluded that Faradism Under Pressure program was more effective when compared to the control group in treating patients with Diabetic Foot.

Keywords: Diabetic Foot, Faradism Under Pressure, Swelling, Edema, Girth Measurement.
The Role of the Health Media in Raising Awareness of the Emerging Corona Virus Vaccine:
A Field Study from a Point of View on Jordanian Opinion Leaders
Authors: Ali Al-Atoom Dr. Sahel , Ahmad Al-Khasawneh Dr. Sakher
Published: March 2022

study aimed to identify the role of the health media in relation to Corona virus vaccination from the perspective of opinion leaders, and the researcher used a descriptive analytical approach, selecting a random sample of Jordanian opinion leaders (50), distributing a questionnaire to them, and analyzing the results of their responses. The study found that all members of the study sample of opinion leaders received the Corona vaccine, of which (54.0 %) received the Pfizer vaccine, 30.0 % received the AstraZeneca vaccine, and 16.0 % received the Sino-pharma vaccine, and that (88.0 %) prefer Pfizer vaccine, while (10.0 %) prefer Sino-pharm, and (6.0 %) prefer AstraZeneca vaccine. The findings also revealed that (50.0 percent) of the study sample believed that the main reason for people's reluctance to take the Corona vaccine is fear of side effects, and that the majority of the sample members of Jordanian opinion leaders agreed that the information provided by the Ministry of Health in Jordanian media was sufficient to dispel rumors to a large extent, as it clarified the effectiveness and safety of vaccinations.
The study recommended the need for official institutions, particularly Jordan TV and the Ministry of Health, and through various media, to continue to provide sufficient information about the coronavirus disease, and its catastrophic consequences on the economic, health and social levels, as well as the need for official authorities to provide through the various media accurate information based on global sources in the positive Receiving the Corona vaccine, its effectiveness in fighting the disease, and its safety for individuals.

Keywords: health media, coronavirus, opinion leaders.
The Position of Subsidiaries State-Owned Enterprises in the Mining Industry Sector in Indonesia's State-Owned Perspective (Study of Subsidiaries in the Structure of a SOES Holding Company in the Mining Sector PT. Indonesia Asahan Aluminum Persero)
Authors: Juang Rambe Muhammad , Nasution Faisal Akbar , Siregar Mahmul
Published: March 2022

Issues regarding the establishment of a State-Owned Enterprise holding company in the mining sector as well as other sectors in the perspective of the Indonesian state administration will cause legal problems, including the constitutionality of the establishment of a SOES subsidiary, the legal entity status of a SOES subsidiary, the financial status and state assets in a SOES subsidiary, and state control over SOES subsidiaries. This normative legal research uses a statutory approach and then analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods.
The position of SOES in the Indonesian economic system is as an implementer of the state's right to control important economic resources and control the lives of many people. The position of the subsidiary in the state-owned mining holding company remains as a State-Owned Enterprise and does not change to an ordinary limited liability company. State control over SOES subsidiaries in the structure of the SOES holding company in the mining sector can still be exercised through the ownership of Series A shares by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia as stated in Article 33 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

Keywords: subsidiary, state-owned enterprises, holding company, Mining, state administration.
Demographic and Environmental Factors on Women’s Health Outcome in Nigeria
Authors: K.F. Akeju , T.O. Akode
Published: March 2022

Despite the improvement in health status and health expenditure in Nigeria, health outcomes measured by the life expectancy rate remains low. This paper investigates the relationship existing between environmental factors and female life expectancy in Nigeria. Using annual time series data for the period 1990–2019 from the World Bank databases, evidence of poor environmental factors of sanitation, carbon dioxide emission and low access to electricity was found over the period. Johansen cointegration regression analysis results affirmed the presence of a long-run relationship among the variables while the result of the vector error correction model indicates that in the short run, environmental factors of access to electricity and carbon dioxide emission, from the use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy cooking source, have a negative relationship with life expectancy. Demographic factors also exhibit a negative relationship with life expectancy; the lag of fertility rate has a negative effect on female life expectancy. We conclude that women's health outcomes are associated with their demographic and environmental factors which have a significant impact on their life expectancy. There is a need for the government to make plans on improving demographic factors towards improving female life expectancy in Nigeria.
Impacts of Traditional Extraction of Building Materials on Biodiversity Conservation and Livelihoods of Residing Communities in Mwanza City- Tanzania
Authors: Joseph Laurent
Published: March 2022

Traditional extraction of building material is one of the economic activities in Mwanza City that supplies aggregates, sands, gravels, and stones. This study aimed at investigating the impacts of traditional extraction of building materials on biodiversity conservation and the livelihood of residing communities. Purposive sampling was used to obtain mining sites. Data were collected using households survey, focus group discussions, field visits, and the experiment. The sample size was 180 respondents. The sampling unit was people near mining sites, miners and ward leaders. The study revealed positive and negative impacts on biodiversity conservation and residing communities. The noted positive impacts included a source of income and a strategy for levelling building sites. On another hand, the perceived negative impacts were found to be land degradation, the disappearance of biodiversity, air pollution, uncovered areas/lands, effects on human health, and is the source of conflict. The study concluded that traditional extraction of building materials in residential has impacts on biodiversity and livelihoods of residing people. The study recommends that the government should develop an efficient and effective legal framework with strict laws. In addition, ward and wards leaders should be involved in the inspection and verification of genuine permits.
Comparative Study of Tensile Properties of Hybrid AA6061/SIC/Carbonized Coconut Shell Micro and Nano Composites
Authors: M.N. Nwigbo , U.E. Lasisi , Y.N. Ukaru
Published: March 2022

This study synthesized a hybrid aluminium 6061 matrix composite with particulates of silicon carbide, SiCp and carbonized coconut shell (CCSP as reinforcements), and determined the effect of combining SiCp and CCSp reinforcements of different sizes and weight fractions on the strength properties and microstructure of the developed composite. The hybrid aluminium matrix composites were developed using the stir casting method. Several samples of the composites consisting of AA6061 alloy with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% by wt. each of CCSp and SiCp with average particle sizes of 38μm and 42.3nm for SiC, and 63μm and 50.01nm for CCSp were produced and characterized for strength. The microstructures of the developed composite materials revealed uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in the base matrix and excellent bonding between the base matrix and reinforcements after casting. The results obtained showed that addition of CCSp and SiCp reinforcement to the alloy increased the tensile strength and hardness. Also, a mathematical model was proposed for predictive tensile strength of nano-composite and validated by comparison with results of the physical experiment and those of other authors. The proposed model is in excellent agreement with experimental data. The nano-particulates reinforced composite presented maximum improvement in ultimate tensile strength value (53.4% and 8.5% of that for the unreinforced matrix and micro-composite respectively) at reinforcement level of 15wt.% nSiC/nCCS.
Solution methods for the integrated permutation flowshop and vehicle routing problem
Authors: Nagano Marcelo Seido , Tomazella Caio Paziani , Tavares-Neto Roberto Fernandes , Abreu Levi Ribeiro de
Published: March 2022

The integration between production and distribution to minimize total elapsed time is an important issue for industries that produce products with a short lifespan. However, the literature focus on production environments with a single stage. This paper enhances the complexity of the production system of an integrated production and distribution system by considering flowshop environment decisions integrated with a vehicle routing problem decision. In this case, each order is produced in a permutation flowshop subsystem and then shipped to its destination by a capacitated vehicle, and the objective is to sequence these orders to minimize the makespan of the schedule. This paper uses two approaches to address this integrated problem: a mixed-integer formulation and an Iterated Greedy algorithm. The experimentation shows that the Iterated Greedy algorithm yields results with a 0.02% deviation from the optimal for problems with five jobs, and is a viable option to be used in practical cases due to its short computational time.
On the existence solutions for some Nonlinear elliptic problem
Authors: Benkirane Abdelmoujib , El Haji Badr , El Moumni Mostafa
Published: March 2022

In the present paper, we study the existence and regularity of positive solutions for the following boundary value problem : $\mathrm{-div}\> \big( \lvert\nabla u\rvert^{p-2}\nabla u ) + u^{s} = \dfrac{f}{u^{\alpha}}\mbox{ in } \Omega \mbox{ and } u=0\mbox{ on } \partial\Omega,$ where $ \Omega $ is an open and bounded subset of $ \mathbb{R}^{N} $ $ (N> p>1) $, $ 0<\alpha\leq 1 $, $ s\geq 1 $ and $f$ is a nonnegative function that belongs to some Lebesgue space.
Application of Steroids in Clinical practice
Authors: Sonawane Tushar. N. , Ahire Rajesh. D. , Dhangar Pradip. D. , Chaudhari Dhananjay. D.
Published: March 2022

Corticosteroids represent important therapies for numerous acute conditions and chronic diseases based on their broad anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects. They have been used extensively in managing many oral diseases, due to their excellent anti-inflammatory and Immuno-modulatory effect. This article is present at reviewing the uses of corticosteroids in the treatment of various oral condition. To study more about corticosteroids and other related concepts. It was focus on Physiological effect, Effect of anaesthesia and surgery and Important indication of Steroid in anaesthetic practice. There are strategies that can be used to minimize these risks, but some risks are often unavoidable. Topical use of corticosteroids, including inhalation, can be used to target specific organs for treatment. Corticosteroid therapy can be life-saving in serious and severe medical conditions.
A Laconic Review on Chalcones: Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activities
Authors: Kaundal Vishal , Singh Dheeraj , Vipasha Vipasha , Devi Arti , Jindal Shammy , Ankalgi Amar Deep , Goyal Kamya
Published: March 2022

Chalcones and their derivatives have been an area of great interest for several researchers in recent years. Several number of research publications have been published and chalcones continue to show promising effect for novel drug investigations. Chalcone is an advantaged moiety with therapeutic importance as it comprises of receptive ketoethylenic moiety – CO–CH=CH– having a place with flavonoids. Chalcones (1, 3-Diphenyl-prop-2-en-1-one) consists of a three carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system and two or more aromatic rings and acts as precursors for the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. The presence of a highly reactive α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system in chalcone and its derivatives is the justification for its pharmacological potencies. However, synthesis in laboratory of broad range of chalcones has also been reported. Chalcones show a wide range of pharmacological impacts like anthelmintic, antileishmanial, antifungal, antimalarial, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, antiulcer, antimycobacterial, insecticidal, antigout, antihistaminic, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic etc. Chalcones can be synthesized through Claisen–Schmidt's condensation, Heck's reaction, Aldol condensation reaction, Suzuki's reaction, from cinnamic acid, Sonogashira Isomerization Coupling reaction, Microwave assisted synthesis etc. The purpose of the present review is to centralize the various and widely employed methods of synthesis of chalcone and their various derivatives and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
A Review on Magnetic Microspheres- A Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Mahanur Vishal , Sureka Yash , Atole Virendra
Published: March 2022

Magnetic microspheres as an alternative to conventional radiation methods which use extremely penetrating radiation that is absorbed throughout the body. Its use is limited by toxicity and side effects. The aim of the specific targeting is to enhance the efficiency of drug delivery and at the same time to decrease the toxicity and side effects. One of its important applications is that it is used for targeting tumors using anticancer drugs. Being more stable, it has an advantage over other delivery systems like liposome. The main objectives of this review are to highlight some important aspects of magnetic microspheres as a novel drug delivery system. The review shall cover definitions, concepts, types, mechanism of targeting, evaluation and characteristics of magnetic microspheres as well as various methods and techniques used in their preparations. The review also entails various applications and future prospects of magnetic microspheres.
An Opportunities and Challenges in Vaccine Development
Authors: Kumbhar Roshani P. , Suryawanshi S. S. , Patil P. P. , V. Patil Sachinkumar
Published: March 2022

Vaccines play an important role in keeping humans healthy, and to boost immunity, immunizations are important to prevent disease. Vaccine can be used as a prophylactic to enhance immunology. It stimulates the immune system to prevent infection. The new generation of vaccines uses peptides, recombinant proteins and DNA encoding antigen. Considered to be one of the most important discoveries of humanity, vaccines help in the benefits, prevention and eradication of diseases. Despite the many challenges to the use of vaccines and the need to improve their effectiveness, the benefits are remarkable.