bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interoperable and accessible census and survey data from IPUMS
Authors: Kugler Tracy A. , Fitch Catherine A.
Published: February 2018

The first version of the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) was released to users in 1993, and since that time IPUMS has come to stand for interoperable and accessible census and survey data. Initially created to harmonize U.S. census microdata over time, IPUMS now includes microdata from the U.S. and international censuses and from surveys on health, employment, and other topics. IPUMS also provides geo-spatial data, aggregate population data, and environmental data. IPUMS supports ten data products, each disseminating an integrated data collection with a set of tools that make complex data easy to find, access, and use. Key features are record-level integration to create interoperable datasets, user-friendly interfaces, and comprehensive metadata and documentation. The IPUMS philosophy aligns closely with the FAIR principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and re-usability. IPUMS data have catalyzed knowledge generation across a wide range of social science and other disciplines, as evidenced by the large volume of publications and other products created by the vast IPUMS user community.
A comparative synthesis of ZSM-5 with ethanol or TPABr template: distinction of Brønsted/Lewis acidity ratio and its impact on n-hexane cracking
Authors: Ma Tong , Zhang Luoming , Song Yu , Shang Yunshan , Zhai Yanliang , Gong Yanjun
Published: February 2018

ZSM-5 by EtOH, possessing an ultra-high Brønsted/Lewis acidity ratio, has a long lifetime and suppresses coke deposit during n-hexane cracking.
The lower rather than higher density charge carrier determines the NH3-sensing nature and sensitivity of ambipolar organic semiconductors
Authors: Chen Yanli , Kong Xia , Lu Guifen , Qi Dongdong , Wu Yanling , Li Xiyou , Bouvet Marcel , Sun Daofeng , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: February 2018

NH3 sensing behavior from ambiplolar bisphthalocyanines manifests the lower density carrier (hole vs. electron) with faster charge transporting speed in semiconducting layer in determining the sensing response nature.
A single nanofluorophore “turn on” probe for highly sensitive visual determination of environmental fluoride ions
Authors: Li Yangjie , Sun Qin , Su Lei , Yang Linlin , Zhang Jian , Yang Liang , Liu Bianhu , Jiang Changlong , Zhang Zhongping
Published: February 2018

A single nanofluorophore “off–on” probe based on the unique fluoride–boron interaction to achieve the highly sensitive visual determination of fluoride ions.
Improving performance of organic solar cells by supplying additional acceptors to surface of bulk-heterojunction layers
Authors: Xie Xiaoyin , Liu Guanchen , Cheng Guanjian , Liu Zhihai , Lee Eun-Cheol
Published: February 2018

We improved performance of PTB7-Th:PC71BM-based OSCs by supplying PC71BM onto surface of bulk-heterojunction layers using a thermal evaporation method.
Threshold magnetoresistance in anistropic magnetic 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Xu Hongjun , Hsu Ming-Chien , Fuh Huei-Ru , Feng Jiafeng , Han Xiufeng , Zhao Yanfeng , Zhang Duan , Wang Xinming , Liu Fang , Liu Huajun , Cho Jiung , Choi Miri , Chun Byong Sun , Ó Coileáin Cormac , Wang Zhi , Jalil Mansoor B. A. , Wu Han-Chun , Chang Ching-Ray
Published: February 2018

A large negative, threshold, and quadratic magnetoresistance of −10% is observed in VS2.
Computational study on the NHC-catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles: mechanism, key intermediate and the role of the catalyst
Authors: Tu Peng-Cheng , Zhou Lin , Kirillov Alexander M. , Fang Ran , Yang Lizi
Published: February 2018

Mechanism, key intermediate and role of NHC for NHC-catalyzed umpolung of imines are clarified through our calculations.
3D nanorhombus nickel nitride as stable and cost-effective counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells and supercapacitor applications
Authors: Prasad Saradh , Durai G. , Devaraj D. , AlSalhi Mohamad Saleh , Theerthagiri J. , Arunachalam Prabhakarn , Gurulakshmi M. , Raghavender M. , Kuppusami P.
Published: February 2018

Self-supported 3D nano-rhombus (nano-diamond) shaped Ni3N coated on FTO glass which serves as a CE in DSSCs and supercapacitors. .
Heterostructured WO3@CoWO4 bilayer nanosheets for enhanced visible-light photo, electro and photoelectro-chemical oxidation of water
Authors: Zhang Huayang , Tian Wenjie , Li Yunguo , Sun Hongqi , Tadé Moses O. , Wang Shaobin
Published: February 2018

Novel WO3@CoWO4 bilayer nanosheets exhibit largely enhanced water oxidation performances compared with WO3 in electrocatalysis, visible-light photocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry.
Anion exchange membranes with branched ionic clusters for fuel cells
Authors: He Yubin , Ge Xiaolin , Liang Xian , Zhang Jianjun , Shehzad Muhammad A. , Zhu Yuan , Yang Zhengjin , Wu Liang , Xu Tongwen
Published: February 2018

A highly conductive anion exchange membrane with branched ionic clusters exhibits an excellent fuel cell performance of 266 mW cm−2 at 60 °C.
First Total Synthesis of Cryptopyranmoscatone A3 and Crypto­pyranmoscatone B4
Authors: Reddy A. , Sabitha Gowravaram
Published: February 2018

The first total synthesis of cryptopyranmoscatones A3 and B4 has been accomplished from d-ribose or but-3-ynol. The key steps involved in the synthesis are oxa-Michael addition, highly diastereo­selective Brown allylation, and ring closing metathesis (RCM) and cross metathesis (CM) reactions.
Physiological Approach to Sodium Supplementation in Preterm Infants
Authors: Segar David , Segar Elizabeth , Harshman Lyndsay , Dagle John , Carlson Susan , Segar Jeffrey
Published: February 2018

Objective To implement and evaluate a clinical practice algorithm to identify preterm infants with sodium deficiency and guide sodium supplementation based on urine sodium concentrations.

Study Design Urine sodium concentration was measured in infants born at 260/7 to 296/7 weeks' gestation at 2-week intervals. Sodium supplementation was based on the urine sodium algorithm. Growth and respiratory outcomes in this cohort were compared with a matched cohort cared for in our neonatal intensive care unit prior to algorithm implementation (2014–2015 cohort).

Results Data were compared for 50 infants in the 2014–2015 cohort and 40 infants in the 2016 cohort. Urine sodium concentration met criteria for supplementation in 75% of the 2016 cohort infants within the first 4 weeks after birth. Average daily sodium intake was greater in the 2016 cohort compared with the 2014–2015 cohort (p < 0.05). Caloric, protein, and total fluid intakes were similar between cohorts. The change in weight Z-score between 2 and 8 weeks of age was significantly greater in the 2016 versus 2014–2015 cohort (0.32 ± 0.05 vs. –0.01 ± 0.08; p < 0.01). No impact on respiratory status at 28 days of age or 36 weeks of postmenstrual age was identified.

Conclusion Institution of a clinical practice algorithm to instruct clinicians on sodium supplementation in preterm infants may improve growth outcomes.
Impact of Hippotherapy on Gross Motor Function and Quality of Life in Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Open-Label Crossover Study
Authors: Deutz Ute , Heussen Nicole , Weigt-Usinger Katharina , Leiz Steffen , Raabe Christa , Polster Tilman , Daniela Steinbüchel , Moll Christine , Lücke Thomas , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg , Hollmann Helmut , Häusler Martin
Published: February 2018

This study investigated the effect of hippotherapy on gross motor function (Gross Motor Function Measure [GMFM]-66, GMFM dimension E and D) and quality of life (Child Health Questionnaire [CHQ 28], KIDSCREEN-27 parental versions) in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Seventy-three children (age: 9.1 ± 3.3 years; male = 44; GMFCS levels II = 27; III = 17; IV = 29) were randomized to an early (n = 35) or late (n = 38) treatment group. Data from 66 probands were available for further analysis. Probands received hippotherapy once to twice weekly during a period of 16 to 20 weeks (mean: 17 treatments) in a crossover approach. Whereas no significant changes were found for total GMFM scores and quality of life parameters, a significant increase in GMFM dimension E was found. Children terminating the study early showed lower mean psychosocial quality of life scores than children who completed the whole study (CHQ-28 “psychosocial dimension”; KIDSCREEN-27 “mood and emotional dimension”). Our data are in line with previous reports and suggest that hippotherapy shows distinct therapeutic strengths with regard to promoting upright stand and gait in children with cerebral palsy. Children with higher psychosocial burden of disease may need special support to get access to and benefit from intensified physiotherapy programs.
Secondary Lingular Sleeve Resection to Avoid Pneumonectomy Following Bronchial Anastomotic Dehiscence after Left Lower Lobe Sleeve Resection for Destroyed Lung Syndrome
Authors: Bölükbas Servet , Zanner Robert , Eberlein Michael , Biancosino Christian , Redwan Bassam
Published: February 2018

Bronchial sleeve resections are technically demanding procedures compared with lobectomies. In case of bronchial anastomotic dehiscence, secondary pneumonectomy is the treatment of choice. However, a secondary pneumonectomy is usually associated with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we first report, to the best of our knowledge, a secondary lingular sleeve resection following bronchial anastomotic dehiscence after left lower lobe sleeve resection in a patient with a destroyed lobe syndrome due to a pseudotumor. This approach enabled the avoidance of secondary pneumonectomy, hence reducing the possible pneumonectomy-associated complications.
Änderungen der Pharmakotherapie nach Adipositas-Chirurgie - eine monozentrische Erhebung
Authors: Hansen A. , Mall J. W. , Engeli S.
Published: February 2018

Die Arzneimitteltherapie des adipösen Patienten wird durch vielfältige ungeklärte Fragen erschwert und die Situation wird noch komplizierter, wenn sich ein Patient einer gewichtsreduzierenden Operation unterzieht. Postoperative Änderungen der Medikation hängen nicht nur mit der veränderten Pharmakokinetik einzelner Arzneimittel zusammen, sondern auch mit der Änderung von Begleiterkrankungen. Unsere Akten- und Fragebogenauswertung ergab für 88 Patienten eines zertifizierten Adipositas-Chirurgie-Zentrums eine Reduktion des BMI um 18,4 kg/m2 ein Jahr nach Operation bei 71% Schlauchmagenoperationen. Wie erwartet, ging die Gewichtsreduktion mit einem signifikant reduzierten Bedarf an blutzucker- (-76%) und blutdrucksenkenden (-60%) Arzneimitteln einher, der Bedarf an Eisensubstitution stieg an. Entgegen unserer Erwartung blieb die antidepressive Therapie unverändert und die Verordnungen analgetischer Arzneimittel nahmen an. Die Verordnungsraten von Protonenpumpen-Hemmern veränderten sich dynamisch von 50% präoperativ zu annähernd 100% direct postoperativ zu 50% ein Jahr postoperativ, was auch durch die Prophylaxe zur Sicherung der gastrointestinalen Wundheilung zu erklären ist.
Integration neuer Substanzen in bestehende Therapieschemata
Authors: Schmale Dr.
Published: February 2018

In der Behandlung des multiplen Myeloms (MM) ist eine autologe Stammzelltransplantation (ASCT) mit Konsolidierungs-und Erhaltungstherapie der Therapiestandard. Im Verlauf der Erkrankung rezidivieren Patienten in der Regel in kürzer werdenden Intervallen bis zum Exitus. In den letzten Jahren wurden verschiedene neue Substanzen für die Behandlung des MM zugelassen, die hoch wirksam und besser verträglich als ältere Chemotherapeutika sind. Auf der Jahresversammlung der American Society of Hematology (ASH) wurden jetzt Studienergebnisse vorgestellt, bei denen durch effektives Kombinieren der neu zugelassenen mit altbewährten Substanzen das erste Rezidiv hinausgezögert wird. Mit den besser verträglichen Substanzen erhebt sich zudem die Frage, ob auch Patienten mit Smoldering Multiplem Myelom (SMM), die derzeit nur beobachtet werden, frühzeitig behandelt werden sollten.
Die Nutzung von E-Zigaretten in der deutschen Bevölkerung – Ergebnisse des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurvey 2015
Authors: Atzendorf Josefine , de Matos Elena Gomes , Kröger Christoph , Kraus Ludwig , Piontek Daniela
Published: February 2018

Hintergrund Schätzungen zum E-Zigarettenkonsum in Deutschland variieren erheblich. Die Nutzung von E-Zigaretten zur Tabakentwöhnung wird kritisch diskutiert. Anhand aktueller Daten soll die Verbreitung des Konsums von E-Zigaretten und deren Nutzung in der erwachsenen Allgemeinbevölkerung Deutschlands dargestellt werden.

Methoden Als Datenbasis diente der Epidemiologische Suchtsurvey 2015, eine bundesweite Befragung von 18- bis 64-jährigen in Deutschland (n=9,204; Rücklaufquote: 52,2%).

Ergebnisse E-Zigaretten waren einem Großteil der Befragten bekannt (85,3%, 43,5 Mio.), wohingegen lediglich 2,9% (1,5 Mio.) E-Zigaretten in den letzten 30 Tagen genutzt hatten. Jüngere Personen (OR=0,95, 95%-KI=(0,93; 0,97)), Männer (OR=1,45, 95%-KI=(1,02; 2,07)) und Raucher (OR=12,53, 95%-KI=(8,71; 18,03)) zeigten ein signifikant höheres Risiko, E-Zigaretten zu konsumieren. Etwa ein Drittel (36,6%) der Raucher und Ex-Raucher konventioneller Zigaretten nutzte E-Zigaretten zur Tabakentwöhnung, wovon ein Fünftel (21,3%) mit dem Rauchen aufhören konnte.

Schlussfolgerungen E-Zigarettennutzer scheinen häufiger männlich, jünger und Raucher konventioneller Zigaretten zu sein. Neben Neugierde ist die Veränderung des Rauchverhaltens ein bedeutendes Konsummotiv. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der Gebrauch von E-Zigaretten vereinzelt zur Tabakentwöhnung beitragen kann, die Mehrheit der Nutzer aber weiterhin konventionelle und/oder E-Zigaretten konsumiert.
Alltag und Rheuma
Authors: Schmale-Grede Rotraut , Baseler Gudrun , Köhler Insa , Rink Marion
Published: February 2018

Für Menschen mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen ist der Alltag mit vielen Hürden versehen. Um Informationen über die Lebenssituation und die Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten für rheumakranke Menschen zu erhalten, hat die Deutsche Rheuma-Liga 2013/2014 eine Befragung bei Nichtmitgliedern (n=200) und Mitgliedern (n=325) durchgeführt. Für die Befragung wurde eine Stichprobe aus der Grundgesamtheit der Mitglieder der Landesverbände der Deutschen Rheuma-Liga und der Deutschen Vereinigung Morbus Bechterew gezogen. Die Nichtmitglieder wurden über Ärzte und Anzeigen rekrutiert. Es wurde sichergestellt, dass die befragten Mitglieder und Nichtmitglieder anteilig in Alter, Geschlecht und Diagnosen der Gesamtheit der Mitglieder der Rheuma-Liga entsprechen. In der Befragung der Deutschen Rheuma-Liga werden Familie und Partnerschaft als Ressource für Hilfe und Unterstützung bei der Krankheitsbewältigung benannt. Flexibilität im Hinblick auf die eigene Lebensplanung wird von Betroffenen als Grundvoraussetzung zur Bewältigung von steigenden funktionellen Einschränkungen erlebt. Autonomie und Selbstversorgung haben eine hohe Bedeutung für die Betroffenen. In der Befragung nannten die Betroffenen Mitglieder und Nichtmitglieder Einschränkungen durch die Erkrankung am häufigsten für den Bereich Hobbies und Sport, danach Alltag. 2013 haben immer noch mehr als ein Drittel der Befragten einen Hilfebedarf bei Haushaltsführung und Einkaufen angegeben. Von den Mitgliedern wurde dabei häufiger ein Hilfebedarf angegeben. Hilfe wird v. a. durch Mitglieder der Familie, durch Partner, Eltern, Geschwister, sowie durch Kinder und Schwiegerkinder in Anspruch genommen. Barrieren werden durch gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen häufig erst produziert, z. B. durch bauliche Gegebenheiten, andere Hürden resultieren aus den krankheitsbedingten Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen und erfordern einen Ausgleich dieser Nachteile. Beides ist rechtlich in vielen Bereichen in Deutschland umfassend geregelt. Hier sollten Betroffene unterstützt werden, diese Rechte wahrzunehmen. Die Unterstützung durch den behandelnden Arzt ist dabei von hoher Bedeutung. Auch im Hinblick auf den Erhalt der Erwerbsfähigkeit kommt den behandelnden Ärzten aufgrund der Wechselwirkungen zwischen persönlichen Eigenschaften, Umweltfaktoren und den körperlichen Wirkungen der Erkrankung, die die berufliche Teilhabe beeinflussen, eine Schlüsselrolle zu.
Allergie und Mikrobiota
Authors: Schnitzer Susanne , Schmidt Rainer
Published: February 2018

Noch immer wird eine allergische Reaktion als schicksalhaftes Geschehen angesehen, deren genetische Verankerung bewiesen und eine Erkrankung unvermeidbar ist. Diese Sichtweise rechtfertigt die klassischen symptomatischen Behandlungsstrategien. Systemisch gesehen entwickelt sich die allergische Reaktion jedoch aus dem immunologischen Bestreben, die menschliche Integrität gegenüber einer grundsätzlich feindlichen Umwelt zu wahren oder wiederherzustellen. Mit neuen Erkenntnissen über die menschliche Mikrobiota und das Mikrobiom sowie ihrem komplexen Zusammenspiel mit Schleimhautorgan, Immunsystem und Stoffwechsel werden Therapieansätze der Mikrobiologischen Therapie zunehmend verstanden. Kausale sowie präventive Therapieansätze für chronisch entzündliche Krankheitsbilder eröffnen sich.
A Review of Information System Integration in Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Henningsson Stefan , Yetton Philip W. , Wynne Peter J.
Published: February 2018

For three decades, research has investigated the role of information systems integration (ISI) in mergers and acquisitions (M&As). This research has improved our understanding of the M&A IS challenges and their solutions. However, consolidation and integration across the research is limited. To redress this omission, we review 70 articles published between 1989 and 2016. To do this, we adopt and extend the methodology developed by Lacity and her colleagues to review the empirical evidence in a fragmented IT literature. We code 53 dependent variables and 195 independent variables to identify the robust relationships among them and to model how ISI decisions, including the choice of IS integration methods, partially mediate the effects of the independent variables on ISI outcomes. Examining the relationships in this model, we identify five quasi-independent thematic domains on which we draw to develop an agenda for future research. Our contribution is the aggregation, organization and structuring of the empirical findings in the M&A ISI literature as a basis on which to develop a cumulative knowledge process.
Highly-efficient low cost anisotropic wet etching of silicon wafers for solar cells application
Authors: Iqbal Sami , Zhang Li-Jiang , Fu Xing-Chang , Su Dan , Zhou Huan-Li , Wu Weiping , Zhang Tong
Published: February 2018

In this work, a novel aqueous etching solution was investigated for texturization of silicon substrates. Nearly 30% of incident light is reflected from the surface of crystalline silicon due to its high refractive index. Surface texturization is an efficient practice to reduce surface reflection by enhancing light trapping. Newly formulated etching solution was evaluated for optical reflection, surface morphology and hydrophilicity of silicon substrates. Amazingly, experimental results demonstrate lowest optical reflectance, improved surface morphology as well as enhanced periodicity of the resulting pyramids. A remarkably lowest surface reflectance of 9.94% was achieved. Meanwhile, addition of IPA in the solution plays a major part in improving hydrophilicity of the silicon substrates.
Broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber with two interlaced fishnet layers
Authors: Tan Siyu , Yan Fengping , Xu Ningning , Zheng Jingjing , Wang Wei , Zhang Weili
Published: February 2018

The realization of broadband absorption in the terahertz regime is of significant interest in high-sensitive signal detection and modulation. Previously, multi-layer metamaterials have been proposed and demonstrated to expand the absorption bandwidth by clustering multiple closely-positioned structures with different absorption peaks. Here, we proposed an alternative design for broadband metamaterial absorption by incorporating two interlaced fishnet layers, and achieved a broadband absorber with a full-width at half-maximum of about 0.99 THz. We also investigated the impact of the relative position of the two fishnet layers in the form of frequency tuning and expanding the absorption band.
Efficient CsF interlayer for high and low bandgap polymer solar cell
Authors: Mitul Abu Farzan , Sarker Jith , Adhikari Nirmal , Mohammad Lal , Wang Qi , Khatiwada Devendra , Qiao Qiquan
Published: February 2018

Low bandgap polymer solar cells have a great deal of importance in flexible photovoltaic market to absorb sun light more efficiently. Efficient wide bandgap solar cells are always available in nature to absorb visible photons. The development and incorporation of infrared photovoltaics (IR PV) with wide bandgap solar cells can improve overall solar device performance. Here, we have developed an efficient low bandgap polymer solar cell with CsF as interfacial layer in regular structure. Polymer solar cell devices with CsF shows enhanced performance than Ca as interfacial layer. The power conversion efficiency of 4.5% has been obtained for PDPP3T based polymer solar cell with CsF as interlayer. Finally, an optimal thickness with CsF as interfacial layer has been found to improve the efficiency in low bandgap polymer solar cells.
Phase competition in the growth of SrCoOx/LaAlO3 thin films
Authors: Zhang Jie , Meng Dechao , Huang Haoliang , Cai Honglei , Huang Qiuping , Wang Jianlin , Yang Yuanjun , Zhai Xiaofang , Fu Zhengping , Lu Yalin
Published: February 2018

The reversible topotactic phase transformation between brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 to perovskite SrCoO3 has attracted more and more attention for potential applications as solid oxide fuels and electrolysis cells. However, the relatively easy transformation result from small thermal stable energy barriers between the two phases leads to unstable the structures. In the paper, amounts of SrCoO3-δ films have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition at optimized growth conditions with the temperature range of 590-720°C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrated that a phase competition emerged around 650°C. The Gibbs free energies of two phases at high temperature revealed the difference of stability of these two phases under different growth temperature. The optical spectroscopies and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were used to verify the electronic structure and chemical state differences between the two phases with distinct crystal structures.
Identification of a highly neurotoxic α-synuclein species inducing mitochondrial damage and mitophagy in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Grassi Diego , Howard Shannon , Zhou Minghai , Diaz-Perez Natalia , Urban Nicolai T. , Guerrero-Given Debbie , Kamasawa Naomi , Volpicelli-Daley Laura A. , LoGrasso Philip , Lasmézas Corinne Ida
Published: February 2018

Significance

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease linked to the misfolding and aggregation of a protein called “α-synuclein.” α-Synuclein aggregates found in the brains of PD patients are called “Lewy bodies” and “Lewy neurites.” We discovered the existence of a type of α-synuclein aggregate, smaller than previously described and conformationally distinct, that we called “pα-syn*.” Pα-syn* was present in neuronal cultures and mice brains injected with recombinant α-synuclein fibrils as well as in the brains of PD patients. We showed that pα-syn* is made of trimmed α-synuclein resulting from a failed cellular attempt to degrade fibrillar α-synuclein aggregates. We found that pα-syn* is a major neurotoxic species inducing mitochondrial damage, fission, and mitophagy, therefore constituting a central player in PD pathogenesis.
Childhood Trauma, Combat Trauma, and Substance use in National Guard and Reserve Soldiers
Authors: Vest Bonnie M. , Hoopsick Rachel A. , Homish D. Lynn , Daws Rachel C. , Homish Gregory G.
Published: February 2018

Background: The goal of this work was to examine associations among childhood trauma, combat trauma, and substance use (alcohol problems, frequent heavy drinking [FHD], current cigarette smoking, and current/lifetime drug use) and the interaction effects of childhood trauma and combat exposure on those associations among National Guard/reserve soldiers. Methods: Participants ( N = 248) completed an electronic survey asking questions about their military experiences, physical and mental health, and substance use. Childhood trauma and combat exposure were examined jointly in regression models, controlling for age, marital satisfaction, and number of deployments. Results: Childhood trauma was associated with current drug use (trend level, odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97, 2.14; P = .072) in the main effect model; however, there was not a significant interaction with combat. Combat exposure had a significant interaction with childhood trauma on alcohol problems ( b = −0.56, 95% CI: −1.12, −0.01; P = .048), FHD ( b = −0.27, 95% CI: −0.47, −0.08; P = .007), and lifetime drug use (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.04; P = .035). There were no associations with either of the trauma measures and current cigarette smoking. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that childhood and combat trauma have differential effects on alcohol use, such that combat trauma may not add to the effect on alcohol use in those with greater child maltreatment but may contribute to greater alcohol use among those with low child maltreatment. As expected, childhood and combat trauma had synergistic effects on lifetime drug use. Screening for multiple types of trauma prior to enlistment and/or deployment may help to identify at-risk individuals and allow time for early intervention to prevent future adverse outcomes.
Proteome profiling of extracellular vesicles captured with the affinity peptide Vn96: comparison of Laemmli and TRIzol© protein‐extraction methods
Authors: Joy Andrew P. , Ayre D. Craig , Chute Ian C. , Beauregard Annie‐Pier , Wajnberg Gabriel , Ghosh Anirban , Lewis Stephen M. , Ouellette Rodney J. , Barnett David A.
Published: February 2018

Sample amount is often a limiting factor for multi‐parametric analyses that encompass at least three areas of ‘‐omics’ research: genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. Limited sample amounts are also an important consideration when these multi‐parametric analyses are performed on extracellular vesicles (EVs), as the amount of EVs (and EV cargo) that can be isolated is often very low. It is well understood that a monophasic solution of phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate (i.e. TRIzol©) can simultaneously isolate DNA, RNA and proteins from biological samples; however, it is most commonly used for the extraction of RNA. Validation of this reagent for the isolation of multiple classes of biological molecules from EVs would provide a widely applicable method for performing multi‐parametric analyses of EV material. In this report, we describe a comparison of proteins identified from EVs processed with either TRIzol© or the conventional Laemmli buffer protein‐extraction reagents. EVs were isolated from 3 mL of cell‐culture supernatant derived from MCF‐10A, MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells using the Vn96 EV capture technology. For the TRIzol© extraction protocol, proteins were precipitated with acetone from the organic phase and then re‐solubilized in a mixture of 8M urea, 0.2% SDS and 1 M Tris‐HCl pH 6.8, followed by dilution in 5× loading buffer prior to fractionation with 1D SDS‐PAGE. NanoLC‐MS/MS of the trypsin‐digested proteins was used to generate proteomic profiles from EV protein samples extracted with each method. Of the identified proteins, 57.7%, 69.2% and 57.0% were common to both extraction methods for EVs from MCF‐10A, MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231, respectively. Our results suggest that TRIzol© extraction of proteins from EVs has significant equivalence to the traditional Laemmli method. The advantage of using TRIzol© reagent is the ability to accumulate multi‐parametric data (e.g., RNA and protein profiles) on the same limited EV sample while minimizing sample preparation and processing time.
Gender and Punishment
Authors: Haney Lynne , Dao Lili
Published: February 2018

In many respects, gender has been missing from the enormous literature on the form and focus of state systems of punishment. This is true in both the historical accounts on shifts in penal practices and the scholarship on the contemporary emergence of mass incarceration. Gender is absent as a category of analysis and as an explanatory variable in these scholarly debates. At the same time, while there is a large literature on women in the criminal justice and penal systems, it rarely addresses broader questions of how and why the penal system has grown in size, deepened in scope, and broadened in reach over the last few decades.

There have been three major approaches to the study of gender and punishment. The first inserted women into accounts of the criminal justice and penal systems, which had historically concentrated on male offenders. Some of this early work used a historical lens to analyze shifts in women’s confinement practices, particularly the evolution of the reformatory in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Influenced by debates in feminist legal theory about sameness and difference, one major line of inquiry sought to determine whether women were treated more leniently than men, particularly with regard to sentencing. A second approach, gaining momentum in the 2000s, shifted the focus from gender differences in outcomes to the gendered dynamics of penal control. More qualitative in nature, this scholarship conceptualized gender as a process that was both transformed and harnessed in penal institutions. Drawing on a broader movement in gender studies, this work focused less on women per se than on how gender was socially constituted. The third and final approach takes seriously the call of critical legal scholars of race and gender to examine the intersections of disadvantage. While academic analyses of intersectionality came to the fore in the 1990s, this perspective made few inroads into penology and criminology until relatively recently. Recent work on the intersection of racialization, masculinity and punishment, and the sexual politics of the prison point to promising new directions that transcend common understandings of criminalization and punishment.
Digital Literacies in Early Childhood
Authors: Scott Fiona , Marsh Jackie
Published: February 2018

The study of digital literacies in early childhood (0–8 years) is an emergent and fast-growing area of scholarship. Young children’s communicative practices are today more complex and diverse in scope than ever before, encompassing both “traditional” reading and writing and a growing range of “new” communicative competencies across multiple digital media contexts. Scholars are increasingly interested in children’s literacy practices outside traditional print-based texts, and the theory of multimodality helps them to understand children’s communicative practices in relation to a range of modes, including those present in digital technology. At the same time, the boundaries between what constitutes “digital” and “traditional” literacies are themselves blurred. Multiple academic disciplines have contributed to our understanding of children’s digital literacy practices. Numerous definitions for digital literacy or literacies exist, and scholars have proposed a range of theoretical approaches to the topic. Bill Green’s “3D model” of literacy provides a useful starting point for understanding the different dimensions of children’s digital literacy: operational, cultural, and critical.

It is acknowledged that children’s digital literacy practices are specific to particular social and cultural contexts. In particular, scholars have identified important differences between accepted literacy practices in schools and early years’ settings (“school literacies”) and children’s literacy practices in a socioculturally diverse range of home settings (“home literacies”). A growing field of research is explicitly concerned with the unique skills developed at home, as children learn to produce and interpret a range of “new” digital and multimodal texts. At the same time, numerous scholars have suggested that there is still a general lack of progress with regard to early years’ practitioners’ use of technology in the curriculum. Gaps and absences in knowledge still exist, and it will be important for scholars over the coming years to continue research into young children’s digital literacy practices, both in homes and communities and across early years’ settings.
MicroRNAs in Peripheral Mononuclear Cells as Potential Biomarkers in Hypertensive Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Marketou Maria E , Kontaraki Joanna E , Maragkoudakis Spyros , Patrianakos Alexandros , Konstantinou John , Nakou Helen , Vougia Despoina , Logakis John , Chlouverakis Gregory , Vardas Panos E , Parthenakis Fragiskos I
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression and play an important role in ventricular and vascular remodeling. However, there are limited data regarding their role in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The aim of this study was to assess gene expression of miR-1, miR-133a, miR-21, miR-208b, miR-499, and miR-26b in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in hypertensive patients with HFpEF and to evaluate their association with their exercise capacity.

METHODS

We included 56 hypertensive patients with HFpEF (age 67.29 ± 7.75 years). Forty-two hypertensive patients without HFpEF (age 66.83 ± 7.17 years) served as controls. All subjects underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPXT). PBMCs were isolated and levels of miRs were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS

For hypertensive patients with HFpEF, higher expression levels in PBMCs were found only for miR-26b (7.6 ± 7.3 vs. 4.0 ± 3.6, P = 0.002), miR-208b (28.8 ± 35.3 vs. 7.5 ± 13.3, P < 0.001), and miR-499 (14.2 ± 22.4 versus 3.5 ± 2.9, P = 0.001). The strongest correlations with CPXT parameters were found for miR-208b levels, which had a positive correlation with maximal oxygen uptake (peakVO2) (r = 0.671, P < 0.001), exercise duration (r = 0.445, P = 0.001), and minute ventilation–carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2) (r = 0.437, P = 0.001) in the HFpEF group.

CONCLUSIONS

miR-26b, miR-208b, and miR-499 show a distinct in profile in hypertensive patients with HFpEF that is related with functional capacity. Further studies are needed to assess the role of miRs as prognostic tools or as therapeutic targets in those patients.
A global network of biomedical relationships derived from text
Authors: Percha Bethany , Altman Russ B
Published: February 2018

Motivation

The biomedical community’s collective understanding of how chemicals, genes and phenotypes interact is distributed across the text of over 24 million research articles. These interactions offer insights into the mechanisms behind higher order biochemical phenomena, such as drug-drug interactions and variations in drug response across individuals. To assist their curation at scale, we must understand what relationship types are possible and map unstructured natural language descriptions onto these structured classes. We used NCBI’s PubTator annotations to identify instances of chemical, gene and disease names in Medline abstracts and applied the Stanford dependency parser to find connecting dependency paths between pairs of entities in single sentences. We combined a published ensemble biclustering algorithm (EBC) with hierarchical clustering to group the dependency paths into semantically-related categories, which we annotated with labels, or ‘themes’ (‘inhibition’ and ‘activation’, for example). We evaluated our theme assignments against six human-curated databases: DrugBank, Reactome, SIDER, the Therapeutic Target Database, OMIM and PharmGKB.

Results

Clustering revealed 10 broad themes for chemical-gene relationships, 7 for chemical-disease, 10 for gene-disease and 9 for gene–gene. In most cases, enriched themes corresponded directly to known database relationships. Our final dataset, represented as a network, contained 37 491 thematically-labeled chemical-gene edges, 2 021 192 chemical-disease edges, 136 206 gene-disease edges and 41 418 gene–gene edges, each representing a single-sentence description of an interaction from somewhere in the literature.

Availability and implementation

The complete network is available on Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/record/1035500). We have also provided the full set of dependency paths connecting biomedical entities in Medline abstracts, with associated sentences, for future use by the biomedical research community.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mitigating the adverse impact of batch effects in sample pattern detection
Authors: Fei Teng , Zhang Tengjiao , Shi Weiyang , Yu Tianwei
Published: February 2018

Motivation

It is well known that batch effects exist in RNA-seq data and other profiling data. Although some methods do a good job adjusting for batch effects by modifying the data matrices, it is still difficult to remove the batch effects entirely. The remaining batch effect can cause artifacts in the detection of patterns in the data.

Results

In this study, we consider the batch effect issue in the pattern detection among the samples, such as clustering, dimension reduction and construction of networks between subjects. Instead of adjusting the original data matrices, we design an adaptive method to directly adjust the dissimilarity matrix between samples. In simulation studies, the method achieved better results recovering true underlying clusters, compared to the leading batch effect adjustment method ComBat. In real data analysis, the method effectively corrected distance matrices and improved the performance of clustering algorithms.

Availability and implementation

The R package is available at: https://github.com/tengfei-emory/QuantNorm.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CAR T-cell therapy for glioblastoma: recent clinical advances and future challenges
Authors: Bagley Stephen J , Desai Arati S , Linette Gerald P , June Carl H , O’Rourke Donald M
Published: February 2018

In patients with certain hematologic malignancies, the use of autologous T cells genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has led to unprecedented clinical responses. Although progress in solid tumors has been elusive, recent clinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of CAR T-cell therapy for glioblastoma. In addition, despite formidable barriers to T-cell localization and effector function in glioblastoma, signs of efficacy have been observed in select patients. In this review, we begin with a discussion of established obstacles to systemic therapy in glioblastoma and how these may be overcome by CAR T cells. We continue with a summary of previously published CAR T-cell trials in GBM, and end by outlining the key therapeutic challenges associated with the use of CAR T cells in this disease.
The Importance of Wall Apposition in Flow Diverters
Authors: Aquarius René , de Korte Antonius , Smits Debby , Gounis Matthew , Verrijp Kiek , Driessen Léon , Leenders William , de Vries Joost
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

It is assumed that high pore densities in flow diverters (FDs) are beneficial for intracranial aneurysm (IA) healing. However, various animal studies are not conclusive on the issue, suggesting that other factors are in play. One important factor might be wall apposition.

OBJECTIVE

To (1) determine the relationship between FD pore density and aneurysm occlusion, and (2) determine the relationship between FD wall apposition and aneurysm occlusion.

METHODS

Saccular aneurysms were microsurgically created in the aorta of 36 Wistar rats. Twelve rats received a low pore density FD (10 pores/mm2), 12 rats received a high pore density FD (23 pores/mm2), and the remaining 12 rats served as a control group. Six animals from each group were sacrificed 1 and 3 mo after surgery. We determined aneurysm occlusion, the number of struts not in contact with the aorta wall, and the average distance from malapposed struts to aorta wall through histology.

RESULTS

No significant differences were found in aneurysm occlusion between the low pore density and high pore density groups (P > .05) after 1 and 3 mo of follow-up. The average number of malapposed struts was lower for the occluded aneurysm group (4.4 ± 1.9) compared to the nonoccluded aneurysm group (7.7 ± 2.6, P < .01). The average distance between malapposed struts and parent artery wall was lower for the occluded aneurysm group (33.9 μm ± 11.5 μm) than for the nonoccluded aneurysm group (48.7 μm ± 18.8 μm, P < .05).

CONCLUSION

Wall apposition is more important than pore density for aneurysm occlusion.
Satisfaction With an Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment for Children and Adolescents
Authors: Stahlschmidt Lorin , Zernikow Boris , Wager Julia
Published: February 2018

Objectives:

Although treatment satisfaction is recommended in the Pediatric Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (PedIMMPACT) as a core outcome measure in pediatric chronic pain clinical trials, no results regarding this outcome measure have been reported to date for intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to close this gap and investigate the treatment satisfaction of pediatric patients with different chronic pain disorders who received intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment and who were followed up over 4 years.

Methods:

Treatment satisfaction and treatment outcome were assessed immediately after and 6, 12, and 48 months after intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment for N=104 patients (Mage=13.5; SD=2.2).

Results:

Patients and their parents were highly satisfied with the treatment and strongly agreed in their ratings. Emotional distress before treatment and younger age increased the risk of being dissatisfied. Analyses revealed that treatment satisfaction was independent of treatment outcome.

Discussion:

Taken together, the results show that treatment satisfaction is not associated with treatment outcome. A global judgment of satisfaction seems to be an independent outcome measure but may be inappropriate for measuring the multifaceted construct of satisfaction. Instead, separate satisfaction ratings in specific areas, for example, treatment methods or outcome, may be more suitable.
Worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma cases attributable to major risk factors
Authors: Baecker Aileen , Liu Xing , La Vecchia Carlo , Zhang Zuo-Feng
Published: February 2018

To facilitate regionally specific liver cancer prevention and control, this study estimates the fraction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases attributable to five major liver cancer risk factors by geographic region. Prevalence estimates of major HCC risk factors, including chronic infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, obesity, and diabetes, were extracted for each country from the literature, along with recent incidence and risk estimate data, to calculate regionally specific population attributable fractions. Overall, 44% of HCC cases worldwide were attributable to chronic hepatitis B infection, with the majority of cases occurring in Asia. Hepatitis C was responsible for 21% of cases. Lifestyle risk factors such as alcohol drinking and obesity were responsible for a larger percentage of cases in North America and Western, Central, and Eastern Europe. In addition, strong sex disparities were observed when looking at lifestyle risk factors, particularly tobacco smoking, in Asia and Africa. Prominent risk factors for HCC vary depending on the region. Our findings provide useful data for developing regionally specific guidelines for liver cancer prevention and control worldwide.
Maternal Mental Representations of the Child and Mobile Phone Use During Parent-Child Mealtimes
Authors: Radesky Jenny , Leung Christy , Appugliese Danielle , Miller Alison L. , Lumeng Julie C. , Rosenblum Katherine L.
Published: February 2018

Objective:

Qualities of the parent-child relationship have not been explored as predictors of parent mobile device use during parent-child activities.

Methods:

In 195 mother-child dyads enrolled in an ongoing cohort study, maternal mental representations of their child (ability to reflect on their child's characteristics, emotional state, and their parenting role) were evaluated through the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI), a validated semistructured interview. WMCI scale scores were examined as predictors of active maternal mobile device use during parent-child eating encounters (videotaped home mealtimes and a structured laboratory-based protocol) in multivariate logistic regression models.

Results:

Children were aged 5.9 years (SD: 0.7), mothers were aged 31.5 years (SD: 7.4), and 73.3% of mothers were of white non-Hispanic race/ethnicity. During the family mealtime, 47 (24.1%) mothers actively used a mobile device at least once, whereas during the structured eating protocol, 44 (22.6%) mothers used a device. Controlling for maternal race/ethnicity, education level, and child's sex, WMCI subscales were associated with device use during home mealtimes (higher Child Difficulty) and the eating protocol (higher Child Difficulty and lower Richness of Perceptions and Caregiving Sensitivity).

Conclusion:

Maternal mental representations of their child were significantly associated with using mobile devices during eating encounters. More research studies are needed to understand directionality and longer-term associations between mobile device use and parent-child relationship characteristics.
Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety as Barriers to Participation in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs Among Arab and Jewish Patients in Israel
Authors: Vilchinsky Noa , Reges Orna , Leibowitz Morton , Khaskia Abdulrahim , Mosseri Morris , Kark Jeremy D.
Published: February 2018

Purpose:

Despite its proven efficacy, low participation rates in cardiac prevention and rehabilitation programs (CPRPs) prevail worldwide, especially among ethnic minorities. This is strongly evident in Israel's Arab minority. Since psychological distress has been found to be associated with CPRP participation and minorities are subjected to higher levels of distress, it is plausible that distress may be an important barrier for CPRP participation among minority patients. The current prospective study assessed the contribution of depression and anxiety symptoms to participation in a CPRP after acute coronary syndrome, both in the enrollment phase and when considering adherence over time, among Jewish (majority) and Arab (minority) patients in Israel.

Methods:

Patients were interviewed during hospitalization about their emotional status and at a 6-mo follow-up concerning participation in a CPRP. Analyses were performed on 397 patients. The Brief Symptom Inventory was used. Logistic regression modeling was applied.

Results:

Symptoms of depression, but not anxiety, were frequently observed among Arab patients compared with their Jewish counterparts. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, having symptoms of anxiety was associated with less participation in a CPRP, evident for both Jews and Arabs; this association was less evident for symptoms of depression. Multivariable adjusted models did not show a significant association of symptoms of anxiety or depression with adherence in a CPRP. Accounting for psychological distress did not reduce the sharp difference between Jews and Arabs in CPRP participation.

Conclusion:

Symptoms of distress may serve as barriers to CPRP participation, regardless of ethnic origin.