bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of practices for mentally disabled children on attitudes of nursing students
Authors: ÖZKAN Filiz , USLU Nevin , ZİNCİR Handan
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effect of practices for mentally disabled children on attitudes of nursing students towards disabled people. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in mixed design (experimental+content analysis). It was realized of third-year nursing students between February 5 and June 30, 2018. The quantitative data were collected before and after the study by using the Student Identification Form and Attitude Scale for Disabled People. Qualitative data were collected writing a letter of the students in the experimental group. Results: It was determined that while the students in the experimental group had higher total mean scores and those decreased in the control group. The themes were determined as realizing the children with mental disabilities and what they can do, realizing their own prejudices about children with mental disabilities, understanding teachers in the education of children with mental disabilities, understanding the difficulties of families with mentally disabled children, gains obtained by working with the children with mental disabilities and their families.Conclusion: The findings of this study are significant to education as nursing schools undergraduate education of nursing students to develop their knowledge, skills and attitudes towards mental disability children and their families.
Lessons from a Small Local Earthquake (Mw 3.2) That Produced the Highest Acceleration Ever Recorded in Mexico City
Authors: Krishna Singh Shri , Quintanar-Robles Luis , Arroyo Danny , Cruz-Atienza Victor Manuel , Espíndola Victor Hugo , Bello-Segura Delia I. , Ordaz Mario
Published: September 2020

A reliable estimation of seismic hazard-facing Mexico City from local earthquakes has suffered from poor seismic instrumentation, complex crustal structure, large and variable site amplification, and lack of knowledge of recurrence period of earthquakes on the mapped faults. Owing to recent improvement in local seismic networks, an earthquake swarm activity, which occurred in June–August 2019, was well recorded. The largest event of the sequence, an Mw 3.2 earthquake, caused panic in the city and produced peak ground acceleration (PGA) exceeding 0.3g at the closest station (MHVM) about 1 km away. An analysis of the event shows that it had normal-faulting focal mechanism, consistent with northeast–southwest-oriented mapped faults in the region. It was located at a depth of ∼1  km and had a low stress drop (∼0.1  MPa). We find that the high PGA for this low stress-drop event resulted from high-frequency amplification at MHVM (about factor of ∼6 around 13 Hz), likely due to topographic site effects, superimposed on a pervasive broadband amplification of seismic waves at hill-zone sites in the Valley of Mexico (up to ∼10 in the frequency band of 0.2–10 Hz). Simulation of ground motion for a scenario Mw 5.0 earthquake, using an empirical Green’s function technique, reveals that such an event may give rise to significant seismic intensities in the lake-bed zone of Mexico City. The results emphasize the need to re-evaluate the seismic hazard to Mexico City from local crustal earthquakes in the Valley of Mexico.
Allah'ın Varlığı ve Birliği Hakkında İbn Rüşd'ün Delilleri ve Eş'arileri Eleştirisi
Authors: AYDIN Fatih
Published: September 2020

Bu makale Endülüslü filozof İbn Rüşd’ün Allah’ın varlığı ve birliğine dair Eş’arîler’e getirdiği eleştirileri konu edinmektedir. İbn Rüşd Eş’arîler’in ileri sürdüğü hudûs ve imkan delillerini dinin tavsiye ettiği kanıtlama yöntemine uygun olmadığı ve insanların anlamasının zor olduğu karmaşık bir delillendirme olduğu gerekçesiyle tenkit etmektedir. Ona göre Allah’ın varlığının ispatı daha açık ve basit önermelerle ifade edilebilir. Zira Allah’ın varlığı hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak için öncelikle varlıklara ve varlıklardaki sanata bakmak gerekir. İstidlal yöntemiyle varlıklar incelendiğinde varlıklardaki sanat ve varlıkların yaratıcısı da bilinmiş olacaktır. İbn Rüşd ileri sürdüğü inâyet ve ihtirâ’ delilleriyle Allah’ın varlığını açıklar. Bu deliller her seviyeden insanın anlayabileceği açıklıkta olduğundan herkese hitap eder. Ona göre Allah’ın var oluşu bilindiğinde O’nun birliği kabul edilmiş olur. Zira Allah’ın birliğini O’nun varlığından ayrı düşünülemez. Allah’ın birliğini kanıtlama konusunda bazı ayetleri referans alarak açıklayan İbn Rüşd Eş’arîler’in Allah’ın birliğini ifade eden ayetleri yorumlama metoduna eleştiriler getirir.
Automated Terminus Detection for Greenland's Peripheral Marine-Terminating Glaciers
Authors: Liu Julia
Published: September 2020

Changes in the length of marine-terminating glaciers strongly influence the mass balance of
glaciers, ice caps, and ice sheets. Currently, quantification of glacier length change through
measurement of terminus position relies on time-consuming and subjective manual mapping
techniques, limiting our ability to understand the dynamics controlling glacier terminus changes.
I developed an automated method of mapping glacier terminus positions in satellite imagery
using observations from a representative sample of Greenlands peripheral glaciers. The method
is adapted from the 2D Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima (WTMM) segmentation method, which has
been used previously for image segmentation in biomedical and other applied science fields. The
gradient-based method places edge detection lines along regions with the greatest gradient in
intensity in the image, such as the contrast between glacier ice and water or glacier ice and
sea ice. I quantified the accuracy of the automated method with reference to a validation dataset
consisting of over 500 manual delineations and determined that the automated method is capable
of mapping glacier termini over a wide range of image conditions (light to intermediate cloud
cover, uniformly dim or bright lighting, etc.) within 1-pixel uncertainty. These time series
generated automatically from Landsat images (which have a frequent repeat interval and a long
record of images) are capable of resolving sub-seasonal to multiannual temporal patterns as well
as regional patterns in terminus change for these glaciers. The terminus position time series
generated from this automated method indicate that the marine-terminating peripheral glaciers in
southeast Greenland undergo synchronous terminus retreat in 2016-17. Initial exploration of regional
atmospheric and ocean conditions links this synchronous retreat to subsurface ocean warming and
increased surface runoff.
Effects of Simulated Microgravity and UVB on YAP Levels and
Expression in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Woods Kali Jai
Published: September 2020

The Final Frontier conjures dreams of exploring the great expanse of our solar system,
but there is an inherent problem to this vision as space travel negatively impacts the
musculoskeletal system. The focus of my research was to study the detrimental effects of
radiation and microgravity, two components of space travel, on mesenchymal stem cells
through the lens of the yes-associated protein (YAP). Chapter One, discusses our motivation
and the goals of our experiments while Chapter Two provides extensive background on the
cell type chosen, the known impacts of radiation and microgravity, our model compared with
the actual conditions astronauts experience, and a discussion of YAP with its associated
pathways. Chapter Three is the manuscript and supplemental, Chapter Four is the conclusion
and finally Chapter Five which details some of the other work that I contributed to while
at Boise State University.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF AN ALUMINIUM THERMOSYPHON AT NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS
Authors: MUTALİKDESAİ Sachin , KATE Ajit
Published: September 2020

The paper presents experimental investigation of an aluminium thermosyphon charged with acetone as working fluid. The effect of filling ratio on steady state performance of thermosyphon is experimentally investigated. Experimentation is performed at three different ratios namely 30 %, 60 % and 100 %. The effect of heat input and mass flow rate of water is also investigated. The heat input is varied between 50 to 300 W and mass flow rate is maintained in the range 30 lph to 60 lph. A condenser section of thermosyphon is surrounded by two pass aluminium cooling block for effective condensation. The cooling block is design in such a way that water will absorbs maximum heat from working fluid in condenser section. The temperature at outer surface of thermosyphon is recorded with the help of temperature sensors. The temperature distribution at outer surface of evaporator and condenser observed to be almost uniform for all mass flow rates and filling ratios. The heat transfer limitations are not encountered for any of thermosyphon. The filling ratio has significant effect on outer surface temperature of evaporator. The surface temperature of evaporator increases by 20 % with increasing the filling ratio at 150 W heat input and 30 lph mass flow rate. The results also indicate that mass flow of cooling water has significant effect on total thermal resistance of thermosyphon at lower input. For 50 W heat input, minimum thermal resistance is recorded as 0.269 °C/W at 60 % filling ratio and 50 lph mass flow rate. While for a same heat input, maximum thermal resistance is recorded as 1.077 °C/W at 100 % filling ratio and 60 lph mass flow rate.
Assessment of drug utilization among geriatric patients based on defined daily dose concept in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Padmavathi K. , Raaj S. A. Arun , Subash S. , Dhanapal C. K. , Periasamy S.
Published: September 2020

Background: The objectives of the study were to use the anatomical therapeutic chemical classification (ATC) /defined daily dose (DDD) concept to study the drug utilization pattern in geriatric patients in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: An observational study was conducted at Rajah Muthiah Medical College Hospital (OPD and IPD) over a period of six months from November 2018 to April 2019. The data was collected from 204 patients using specially designed data collection form. The patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 204 patients were included in this study. The study population consisting of males 130 (63.7%) and females 74 (36.2%). Diseases related to the cardiovascular system 67 (32.84%) were the most common cause for the geriatric patients to attend the hospital, followed by surgical diseases 47 (23.03%), Oncological diseases 2 (0.98%) were the least frequency encountered. The average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 8.79. Out of 1795 drugs prescribed, 60.86% of drugs were prescribed in generic form, and 39.14% were prescribed in brand name. The study analysed that 71.25% of drugs prescribed were from essential drug list (EDL) 2016-2018. Number of prescriptions with an injection was 74.04%. Paracetamol (N02B01) was the most frequently prescribed drug, followed by Amlodipine (C08CA01), Dexamethasone (H02AB02), Clopidogrel (B01AC04), Ferrous sulfate (B03AA07), Acetylsalicylic acid (B01AC06), Hydrocortisone (H02AB09), Tamsulosin (G04CA02), Atorvastatin (C10AA05), Furosemide (C03CA01).Conclusions: Drug utilization study can help in evaluating the quality of care given to the geriatric patients and promote rational use of medicines.
A study on efficacy of ambroxol in the treatment of acute bronchitis in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Wardhani V. Jaya , Rao Nagawaram P.
Published: September 2020

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), including acute bronchitis, are the frequent health problems and the most common reason for acute cough in adults. Even though the infections are caused mainly by viruses, and their course is usually not complicated, febrifuges, i.a. mucokinetics, or antitussives are used in the treatment of URTI in order to improve the quality of life and safety of patients.Methods: The present study was prospective and observational study. Data from adult patients treated with ambroxol hydrochloride for acute bronchitis were collected and compared with data from patients treated for the same condition without ambroxol preparations. The severity of bronchitis symptoms was evaluated with the respiratory rate, retraction score, wheezing score and oxygen saturation (SPO2) between visits patients conducted self-observations and filled out observation diaries. Baseline clinical symptomatolgy of breathlessness, cough, and sputum severity scoring were compared before and after 3 and 7 days of treatment in both groups.Results: Majority of the patient’s infections were cured. Most of patients considered the studied drugs to be the agent decreasing the duration of infection and its intensity. The percentage of patients who declared that they had a less intense cough than during earlier infections was higher in the group of patients treated with ambroxol treated patients. Patients treated with Ambroxol hydrochloride to be very safe.Conclusions: Ambroxol is an efficient, well-tolerated, and safe drug. Its efficacy in the treatment of acute bronchitis symptoms in adult patients is similar to the efficacy of other preparations.
Dapsone induced hypersensitivity syndrome: a case report
Authors: Kolli Sarika , Suhagiya Priyanka
Published: September 2020

Dapsone is an anti-leprotic drug. It may cause a severe adverse effect known as dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome which involves fever, chills, rash, and internal organ involvement. We report a case of a patient who is 30 years old male presented with fever, skin desquamation, and hepatitis. The case is being reported to emphasize the need to diagnose and manage dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome.
Adrenal crisis: a rare endocrine emergency with challenging diagnosis
Authors: Bhardwaj Ankit , Singh Vivek , Kapoor Kaveri , Kem Anil
Published: September 2020

Adrenal crisis is a rare life-threatening medical endocrine emergency with non-specific insidious symptoms and challenging diagnosis. An appropriate timely diagnosis and treatment can save life. Although most doctors are educated by “sick day rules,” but are reluctant to start glucocorticoids, increase doses or switch to parental injections. Our case report highlights various aspect of adrenal crisis.
A study of quantitative and qualitative analysis of standardized speech samples in persons suffering from dysarthria due to various neurological disorder
Authors: Maheshwari Somesh
Published: September 2020

Background: Dysarthria is manifested as a disorder of movement, it is important to recognize that sensori-motor integration (with tactile, proprioceptive, and auditory feed-back representing the crucial sensory components) is essential to speech motor control, from this standpoint, most or all dysarthria localized to the central nervous system should be thought of as sensori-motor rather than simply motor disturbances.Methods: This non-interventional, cross-sectional comparative, observational study, conducted in 100 study subjects (50 cases and 50 controls) from March 2016 to February 2017 at MGM medical college and MY hospital Indore, MP, India.Results: The mean age of normal population was 53 years and that of dysarthric population was 55 years. Among the dysarthric group, there were 10 cases of ataxic dysarthria, 23 cases of spastic dysarthria, and 9 cases of hypo kinetic dysarthria. There were 20 cases of mild dysarthria 19 cases of moderate dysarthria and 10 cases of severe dysarthria. In ataxic dysarthria, pitch break was found in 6 out of 10 subjects. It was found that there is negative predictive value 93.33%, and positive predictive value, 77.14% in spastic dysarthria and negative predictive value, 83.33% and positive predictive value, 90.90% in ataxic, whereas negative predictive value, 85.71% and positive predictive value, 95.34% in hypo kinetic dysarthria.  Conclusions: Different types of dysarthria when analyzed with software tool after extracting pitch and formants showed specific patterns. These patterns correlated with the clinical diagnosis. And Pattern recognition of different dysarthria will help to identify the types of dysarthria in scientific way and prevent inter-subject variability.
Study of association between urine albumin creatinine ratio and ankle brachial index or peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Saxena Puneet , Chadha Deepak , Goyal Rishika , Shanbogh Adarsh Kenchappa
Published: September 2020

Background: To establish association between urine albumin creatinine ratio and ankle brachial index or peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes patients.Methods: Total 74 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus of >50 years of age subjected to calculation of urine albumin creatinine ratio and  ankle brachial index was calculated using doppler sonography and estimation of peripheral arterial diseases was done. The data obtained subjected to analysis.Results: In group with ABI <0.9 suggestive of PAD, mean age of the patient was 62.32±5.8 years, mean BMI was 26.11±2.48kg/m2, mean duration of diabetes was 11.19±41 years, 7 (18.92%) were smokers, 15 (40.54%) were insulin users, 27 (72.97%) were hypertensive, mean SBP was 142.49±13.46mmHg, mean DBP was 84±6.42mmHg, mean serum cholesterol was 221.35±17.10mg/dl, mean serum triglyceride was 242.81 ± 17.10mg/dl, mean serum HDL was 44.03±5.77mg/dl, mean serum LDL was 116.89±28.77mg/dl, mean urine ACR was 294.62±314.90mg/gm, prevalence of normoalbuminuria, microlbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was 12 (32.43%), 21 (56.76%) and 4 (10.81%)  respectively. The statistical significant difference was found in age, duration of diabetes, number of patients on insulin therapy, systolic BP, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, urine ACR and distribution of albuminuria.Conclusions: we conclude that statistical significant relationship exist between urine ACR and PAD. Hence urinary ACR can be considered as surrogate marker for early prediction of PAD in elderly patients with type 2diabetes mellitus eventually leading to aggressive intervention for prevention and management.
Analysis of drug resistant cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with special reference to causes
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Patel Ganesh , Kalera Mukesh , Choudhary J. K.
Published: September 2020

Background: Despite advancement of newer diagnostic tools and medicine Drug resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) is a challenge which cannot be eliminated without public participation. This study was designed to know etiology of the drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis cases.Methods: Prospective observational study was undertaken among adult patients in a tertiary care hospital 50 patients were studied and analyzed, all patients who were drug resistant either mono or poly from Revised national tuberculosis control programme (RNTCP) accredited lab were included in the study. Factors leading to resistance were analyzed.Results: Of the 50 patients included in this study majority were male 72%, 68% rural population, 34% were daily wedge worker and 14% were farmer. 78% patients of study group had income <50,000 per annum or dependent to others, associated comorbidities were alcoholic cirrhosis (18%), diabetes mellitus (16%), pyothorax (16%) and hepatic disorder (12%). Cause of default included side effect 26%, longer duration 34%, feeling well (26%), social stigma (12%), financial problem in (20%), poor supply of anti-tubercular drugs (8%) and negative attitude of drug provider (6%).Conclusions: Poor education lead to less awareness about tuberculosis its diagnosis and adequate treatment, financial crisis leads to early termination in non-Dots. Drug default was most important factor for drug resistance. RNTCP provides free medication by DOTS leading to less default and early diagnosis of DRTB.
Subacute infective endocarditis presenting as upper abdominal pain
Authors: Benny Bobithamol K. , Daimei Stephen , Mohammed Thouseef , Ering Prity , Dutta Tatagata
Published: September 2020

Splenic abscess develops in 3-5% of patients with infective endocarditis. In more protracted subacute cases of infective endocarditis, symptoms and signs such as anorexia, weight loss, weakness, arthralgia and abdominal pain may occur in 5-30% of patients and thereby misleading the clinician to pursue incorrect diagnosis such as malignancy, connective tissue disease, or other chronic infection or systemic inflammatory disorders. Left upper quadrant pain can be a presenting symptom in a patient with IE, if it is complicated by septic embolization to spleen. Here reported a case of subacute infective endocarditis complicated with splenic embolization in a 34-year-old male with diabetic nephropathy and ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, presented as acute abdominal pain.
Effects of Orthodontic Adhesives on Dental Enamel Color Alteration Using Chemically Cured and Light-Cured Composites
Authors: Sadr Haghighi Amir Houman , Emami Mohammad , Fakhri Elaheh , Rezaei Yashar
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the color alteration of dental enamel following the use of light-cured and chemically cured composites for bonding of metal brackets.
Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human premolars divided into five groups (n=12) were included in this study. Metal brackets were bonded using chemically cured (System 1+ and Unite) and light-cured (Transbond XT and Grengloo) composites. The control group remained untreated. After 72 hours of immersion in a staining solution and 24 hours of photoaging, the brackets were debonded, and adhesive remnants were cleaned using a 12-blade tungsten carbide bur and polished with Sof-Lex discs. The color was assessed at the baseline and after cleaning procedures in accordance with the CIE L*a*b (lightness, red/green, blue/yellow) color system. Statistical analyses were performed using paired sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: The L*, a*, and b* parameters showed a significant increase in all adhesive groups (P<0.001). The experimental groups showed significant color changes (P<0.05), and the mean ΔE ranged from 2.46 to 3.15 units. No significant difference was found between the ΔE of the adhesive groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The enamel color change is influenced by bonding and debonding procedures. Chemically cured and light-cured composites have similar effects on dental enamel color alterations.
Total Antioxidant Capacity, Catalase Activity and Salivary Oxidative Parameters in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Omidpanah Neda , Ebrahimi Saba , Vaisi Raygani Asad , Mozafari Hadi , Rezaei Mansour
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by pain or discomfort in the temporomandibular joint, periauricular region, masticatory muscles, and neck on one or both sides. It may also be associated with joint sounds, restricted mandibular movements and mandibular deviation. Oxidative agents may have a deleterious role in the pathogenesis of joint diseases, and oxidative stress can lead to TMD. The aim of this study was to assess the oxidative stress biomarkers in the saliva of TMD patients and healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 30 patients with TMDs (5 males and 25 females) with a mean age of 30.7±13.2 years, and 30 healthy controls (5 males and 25 females) with a mean age of 29.16±11.2 years. Saliva samples were collected according to the standard protocol and the total antioxidant capacity of the saliva (non-enzymatic), catalase activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using the ferric reducing ability of plasma, Aebi’s method, and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Finally, The MDA levels were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. Other quantitative parameters were analyzed by independent t-test.
 Results: TMD patients had significantly higher salivary levels of MDA compared to the control group (P=0.001). But there were no significant differences in catalase (P=0.49) and total antioxidant capacity (P=0.22) of TMD patients and healthy controls.
Conclusion: It seems that oxidative stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of TMDs.
Clinical Assessment of Retromandibular Antero-Parotid Approach for Reduction of Mandibular Subcondylar Fractures: Report of 60 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Parhiz Alireza , Parvin Milad , Sanjari Pirayvatlou Sasan
Published: September 2020

This study assessed the efficacy of the retromandibular antero-parotid approach for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of subcondylar fractures. Sixty patients with the mean age of 31.03 years underwent surgical reduction with a 20-25mm incision in the retromandibular area with an antero-parotid transmasseteric approach. All patients were followed between 6 to 12 months. At the end of the first week, six patients exhibited postoperative malocclusion. At the next visits, all patients had optimal occlusion. Maximal interincisal opening (MIO) of 56 patients (93.3%) was >37mm, and only four patients (6.7%) had MIO<37mm. In three patients (5%), weakness of the buccal branch of the facial nerve was noticed postoperatively. No salivary gland complications were seen. The surgical scar was hardly noticeable. Retromandibular access with transmasseteric antero-parotid approach is the technique of choice for treatment of high- and low-level subcondylar fractures with adequate visibility and direct access to the condylar area.
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Recombinant Antigen B1 for Detection of Cystic Echinococcosis Using Lateral Flow Dipstick Test
Authors: NOORDIN Rahmah , KHANBABAIE Sam , HAFIZNUR YUNUS Muhammad , MARTI Hanspeter , NICKEL Beatrice , FASIHI HARANDI Majid , NASIBI Saeid
Published: September 2020

Background: Human echinococcosis is a neglected zoonotic disease distributed worldwide. It comprises cystic and alveolar forms, the former being the more prevalent disease. Imaging techniques are the first choice for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis and serology is used as an additional diagnostic technique in doubtful cases or as the sole test in low-resource settings. Rapid diagnostic tests are useful and convenient for immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in endemic areas, where medical facilities often struggle with limited resources.
Methods: Recently, we have developed Hyd Rapid™, an IgG4 lateral flow dipstick test using recombinant antigen B1 for detection of cystic echinococcosis. This study was performed between 2016 until 2018 at the Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The diagnostic performance of Hyd Rapid™ was tested in-house and at two international laboratories in Switzerland and Iran.
Results: The overall diagnostic sensitivity for detection of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis was 95% (56/59). Meanwhile, the diagnostic specificity, with and without exclusion of cysticercosis and fascioliasis, was 100% (n=48) and 88% (63/72), respectively.
Conclusion: Hyd Rapid™ detected cystic echinococcosis as well as probable cases of alveolar echinococcosis. Therefore, Hyd Rapid™ showed good potential as a serological tool for echinococcosis, and merits further evaluation.
The First Detection of Co-Infection of Double-Stranded RNA Virus 1, 2 and 3 in Iranian Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: BOKHARAEI-SALIM Farah , ESTEGHAMATI Abdoulreza , KHANALIHA Khadijeh , ESGHAEI Maryam , DONYAVI Tahereh , SALEMI Borna S
Published: September 2020

Background: The Totiviridae family includes a number of double-stranded RNA viruses that can infect Trichomonas vaginalis. Some T. vaginalis isolates are infected with one or more double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses. In this study, different strains of double-stranded RNA virus in Iranian isolates of T. vaginalis were evaluated for the first time in Iran. 
Methods: Vaginal swabs were collected from 1550 participants who were referred to hospitals associated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from June to November 2018.    T. vaginalis isolates were cultured in Diamond's modified medium. After the extraction of nucleic acids using a DNA/RNA extraction kit, RT-PCR was performed and PCR products were purified and sequenced.
Results: In general 9 (0.6%) isolates were confirmed as T. vaginalis among 1550 collected vaginal samples. Among 9 isolates of T. vaginalis, three of them were infected with TVV1. One isolate has multiple infections with T. vaginalis virus (TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3) as coinfection. The nucleotide BLAST indicated that the T. vaginalis virus 1(TVV1) isolates were most closely related to TVV1-OC5, TVV1-UR1-1.The T. vaginalis virus 2 (TVV2) sequence had also a similarity with TVV2-UR1-1, TVV2-UR1 and TVV2-OC3. The sequence of T. vaginalis virus 3(TVV3) had similarity with TVV3-OC5, TVV3-UR1-1 and TVV3-UR1.
Conclusion: Three dsRNA viruses T. vaginalis virus (TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3) were detected using RT-PCR in T. vaginalis Iranian isolates. The coinfection of TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3 in one isolate of T.vaginalis was observed for the first time in Iran.
Molecular Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep Aborted Fetuses Reveals Predominance of Type I Infection in Southwest of Iran
Authors: AREFKHAH Nasir , SARKARI Bahador , ASGARI Qasem , MOSHFE Abdolali , KHALAFI Mohammad Hasan , MOHAMMADPOUR Iraj
Published: September 2020

Background: We aimed to detect Toxoplasma gondii in ovine aborted fetuses and evaluate its genetic variations in the southwest of Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 aborted ovine fetuses collected from the different region of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran, in lambing season during 2017 and 2018. DNA was extracted from the brain samples of all of the aborted fetuses and PCR amplified, targeting a 529 bp repetitive element gene of T. gondii. Moreover, to find out the heterogeneity of the positive samples, PCR-DNA amplification of the two main genetic markers, B1 and GRA6, of T. gondii were performed. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed, using the BLAST program and MEGA-X software.
Results: The 529 bp gene of T. gondii was detected in 2 out of 100 (2%) of the ovine aborted samples. The sequences analysis of GRA6 and B1 genes revealed that both isolates from the aborted fetuses of sheep belonged to type I of T. gondii. Intra-divergence was more seen in GRA6 gene whereas less divergence was observed in B1 gene.
Conclusion: Congenital infection with Type I of T. gondii during the neonatal period is associated with abortion in ovine. Evaluation of more aborted samples from broader geographical areas is needed to elucidate the molecular epidemiology and also the genotypes of T. gondii associated with abortion.
Comparison of Protective Potency of DNA and Live Vaccines Expressing A2-CPA-CPB-CTE Antigens against Visceral Leish-maniasis in Syrian Hamster as Preliminary Study
Authors: TASLIMI Yasaman , ZAHEDIFARD Farnaz , TAHERI Tahereh , DOROUD Delaram , LATIF DIZAJI Sakineh , SALJOUGHIAN Noushin , RAFATI Sima
Published: September 2020

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) donovani complex. Drug-resistant strains have been developed as a consequence of the current chemotherapeutic interventions, which has increased the need for advanced preventive and therapeutic strategies. A2-CPA-CPB-CTE-recombinant strain of L. tarentolae, which is non-pathogenic to humans, was shown protective in live vaccine as well as its DNA vaccine counterpart in both murine and canine models.
Methods: We evaluated the effectiveness of these DNA and live vaccination harboring A2-CPA-CPB-CTE in protecting hamsters against L. infantum infection using prime-boost regimens, namely DNA/DNA and Live/Live (n=9 hamsters per group). Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLN) were utilized as an adjuvant for DNA priming and electroporation for boosting DNA. At different time points post-challenge, parasite burden and body weight as well as humoral immune responses were measured.
Results: Both immunization strategies partially protect hamsters against L. infantum challenge. This protective immunity is associated with remarkable decrease in parasite load in liver and spleen of vaccinated hamsters eight weeks after challenge compared to control group.
Conclusion: Both test groups (DNA/DNA and Live/Live) elicited high levels of IgG2 and total IgG as humoral immune responses and lower level of parasite propagation in both liver and spleen.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria from Agricultural Water Canal in Qazvin, Iran
Authors: KHORSANDI RAFSANJANI Mandana , HAJIALILO Elham , SARAEI Mehrzad , ALIZADEH Safar Ali , JAVADI Amir
Published: September 2020

Background: Free-living amoeba (FLA) are widely distributed in different environmental sources. The most genera of the amoeba are Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Vermamoeba. The most common consequences of the infections in immune-deficient and immunocompetent persons are amoebic encephalitis and keratitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. and Naegleria spp., isolated from the main agricultural water canal in Qazvin.
Methods: Totally, 120 water specimens were collected and later the specimens were cultured and cloned to identify positive samples. PCR amplification and sequencing were carried out to identify the isolated species as well as the genotypes of amoeba.
Results: According to morphological surveys, 41.7% (50/120) of water specimens were positive for FLA. Molecular analysis revealed that 68.6% and 31.4% of Acanthamoeba specimens were identified as T3 and T4 genotypes, respectively. Also, two species of Naegleria named as N. lovaniensis (57.1%) and Naegleria sp. (42.8%) were identified. The results of pathogenicity assays demonstrated that 38.5% of T3 and 61.5% of T4 genotypes of Acanthamoeba were highly pathogenic parasites.
Conclusion: The water flowing in the agricultural canal of the area is contaminated with potential pathogenic FLA, therefore, it is recommended that more attention to be paid towards proper treatment of water sources to prevent possible risk of the disease.
In Vitro Assessment Antiparasitic Effect of Selenium and Copper Nanoparticles on Giardia deodenalis Cyst
Authors: MALEKIFARD Farnaz , TAVASSOLI Mousa , VAZIRI Kiana
Published: September 2020

Background: Application of chemotherapy to treatment of parasitic disease of man and animals can be problematic due to different adverse effects. As a result, there is an increasing interest in nanoparticles as new therapeutic tools against these diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles on Giardia deudenalis cysts in vitro, as well as comparing it to that of metronidazole.
Methods: The cysts were taken from the stools of patients in Urmia, Iran, during 2017-2018. The cysts were taken from stool and were concentrated and isolated on 0.85 M-sucrose. Then, selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared at concentrations of 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/ml. The effect of nanoparticle’s various concentrations at 10, 15, 30, 60, and 180 min were evaluated and compared to control groups. Obtained data was recorded and statistically analyzed.
Results: Copper oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.6 mg/ml and selenium nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml had the same effect as of metronidazole in killing of Giardia cysts. The cytotoxic effects of selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles, compared with metronidazole, on Giardia cysts, showed an increase of fatality rate due to extend exposure time and nanoparticle’s concentration (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles are as efficient as metronidazole, for killing Giardia cysts in vitro.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pet Dogs in Anhui Province, China
Authors: SHENG Zhijin , JIN Yu , YAO Yong , El-ASHRAM Saeed , SHEN Jijia , WANG Xuelong , JI Yongsheng
Published: September 2020

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite, which can infect all nucleated cells in a variety of vertebrate animals, including human, causing toxoplasmosis. Although a number of studies have reported on the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in dogs in China, however, information about T. gondii infection in pet dogs in Anhui, China is not available.
Methods: The modified agglutination test (MAT) was used to detect antibodies in sera samples from 468 pet dogs at Anhui Province in China from November 2013 to April 2017.
Results: 18.6% animals were T. gondii seropositive, indicating a slightly higher prevalence of T. gondii infection in pet dogs in Anhui, China in comparison with other provinces in China.
Conclusion: Our present study provided epidemiological data on T. gondii seroprevalence in pet dogs in Anhui, China for the effective prevention and control of the parasite prevalence in this area.
The First Report of Trichinella britovi in Armenia
Authors: GRIGORYAN Gohar , A. AGHAYAN Sargis , GEVORGYAN Hasmik , MALKHASYAN Alexander , VALLEE Isabelle , KARADJIAN Grégory
Published: September 2020

Background: More than a hundred species of mammals, birds, and reptiles are infected by nematodes of the Trichinella genus worldwide. Although, Trichinella spp. are widely distributed in neighboring countries including Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey and Iran, no study was conducted in Armenia since 1980’s.
Methods: In 2017-2018, five muscle samples belonging to Armenian lynx, otter, wild boar, fox and wolf were tested for Trichinella spp. and recovered larvae were identified by multiplex PCR technique.
Results: Twenty-six larvae/gram and one larva/gram were found in lynx and fox samples respectively. They were identified as T. britovi.
Conclusion: So far only two species were identified in Armenia, T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis, and this is the first time that T. britovi is reported in Armenia.
Announcement of “Third International Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies in Iranian Food Industry and Nutrition Sciences” in Tehran, Iran
Authors: . .
Published: September 2020

This article has no abstract.
Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hide and Skin of Slaughtered Cattle and Goats in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ofomata I.B. , Nwankwo I.O. , Ogugua A.J. , Ezenduka E.V. , Nwanta J.A. , Obidike R.I.
Published: September 2020

Background: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among hazardous chemicals that may endanger food safety. In Nigeria, hides and skins of animals are edible and used in dishes. So, this study investigated the levels of PAHs in singed and unsinged hides and skins of animals slaughtered at three districts abattoirs (Obosi, Uga, and Kwata) in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Methods: Using gas chromatography, the levels of PAHs were determined in 120  samples of raw and singed cattle hides and goat skins. Data were analyzed using the SPSS Windows software package (version 20.0).
Results: The total PAHs of raw and singed cattle hides were respectively 0.80 and 12.33 µg/kg for Obosi district, 0.56 and 6.96 µg/kg for Uga district, and 8.30 and 16.24 µg/kg for Kwata district. Furthermore, the total PAHs levels in raw and singed goat skins were respectively 2.75 and 9.00 µg/kg for Obosi district, 1.76 and 6.42 µg/kg for Uga district, and 1.30 and 5.19 µg/kg for Kwata district. The levels of some PAHs in singed hides and skins were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the unsinged samples.
Conclusion: The materials used in singeing may increase the concentration of PAHs in singed hide and skin. Although, the known carcinogenic PAHs in the samples were below the maximum permissible level, it is probably of public health concern due to the associated health risk on cumulative exposure via the dietary consumption of such contaminated local meals.
Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochra-toxin A in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) from Tunisia
Authors: Lasram S. , Hamdi Z. , Ghorbel A.
Published: September 2020

Background: Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are toxic secondary  metabolites produced by certain mold species. In this primarily survey, we examined the OTA and AFB1 contamination of pearl millet grains distributed in Tunisia.
Methods: Twenty-five pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) samples from different regions of Tunisia were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with fluorescence detector in order to evaluate the contamination with of AFB1 and OTA. Statistical tests were performed with XLSTAT 2018.
Results: AFB1 and OTA were detected in 32 and 28% millet samples, respectively. Mean amounts of these mycotoxins in the contaminated samples were of 24.54±17.54 µg/kg for OTA and 22.72±23.09 µg/kg for AFB1. Approximately, 28 and 24% of analyzed samples were found above the European Union limits for AFB1 and OTA, respectively. The estimated daily intake of OTA and AFB1 were 3.76 and 3.89 ng/kg b.w. per day, respectively. No significantly (p>0.05) difference in OTA and AFB1 contamination rate was found between samples taken from different regions.
Conclusion: Consumption of millet in Tunisia might be an important contributing factor to the risk of dietary exposure to OTA and AFB1
Clinical, Laboratory, and Procedural Predictors of NoReflow in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Shakiba Maryam , Salari Arsalan , Mirbolouk Fardin , Sotudeh Nozar , Nikfarjam Salman
Published: September 2020

Background: No-reflow is a major challenging issue in the management of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). This study aimed to investigate the clinical, laboratory, and procedural predictors of no-reflow.
Methods: This study was conducted on 378 patients with STEMI admitted to Dr. Heshmat Educational and Remedial Center (a referral heart hospital in Rasht, Iran) between 2015 and 2017. The study population was divided based on the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade and the myocardial blush grade into no-reflow and reflow groups. The clinical, laboratory, and procedural characteristics at admission were compared between the 2 groups using the multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 58.57±11.49 years, and men comprised 74.1% of the study population. The no-reflow phenomenon was found in 77 patients. The no-reflow group was significantly older and more likely to be female; additionally, it had higher frequencies of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and a history of cardiovascular diseases. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age >60 years (OR=1.05, 95% CI:1.00–1.09), hypertension (OR=2.91, 95% CI:1.35–6.27), diabetes (OR=4.18, 95% CI:1.89–9.22), a low systolic blood pressure (OR=3.53, 95% CI:1.02–12.2), a history of cardiovascular diseases (OR=4.29, 95% CI:1.88–9.77), chronic heart failure (OR=4.96, 95% CI:1.23–20), a low initial TIMI flow grade (OR=7.58, 95% CI:1.46–39.2 ), anemia (OR=3.42, 95% CI:1.33–8.77), and stenting vs. balloon angioplasty (OR=0.42, 95% CI:0.19–0.91) were the significant independent predictors of no-reflow.
onclusion: This study revealed some clinical, laboratory, and procedural predictors of no-reflow for the prediction of high-risk patients and their appropriate management to reduce the risk of no-reflow.
Successful Treatment of a Huge Thrombotic Saphenous Vein Graft Occlusion with Aspiration Thrombectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Akcay Murat
Published: September 2020

Saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) are widely used conduits for the surgical revascularization of coronary arteries, but they are associated with poor long-term patency rates. Acute SVG thromboses often present as acute coronary syndrome and have an extensive atherosclerotic and thrombotic burden. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the first treatment option; however, it carries a high risk of distal embolization, no-reflow, and periprocedural myocardial infarction. Reducing the thrombus burden and preventing distal embolization during PCI can be achieved by using some pharmacological strategies (e.g., glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists) and devices (e.g., thrombectomy and filter devices). There are yet no better therapeutic options for patients undergoing PCI of SVG occlusions. Here, we introduce a 52-year-old male patient admitted with a typical acute chest pain of 1 hour’s duration. Electrocardiography showed signs of acute inferoposterior myocardial infarction. A thrombotic SVG occlusion was detected in primary PCI, and a huge thrombus content was aspirated. After the thrombus aspiration with stent implantation, the chest pain was relieved and the ST-segment elevation was improved. The patient has been followed without any symptoms for 10 months.
Warfarin-Induced Spontaneous Bilateral Breast and Extrathoracic Hematoma in an Elderly Woman
Authors: Shakerian Behnam , Razavi Negin
Published: September 2020

Warfarin- induced spontaneous breast hematoma is a very rare disease, with only a few cases having been reported in the literature so far. We describe an 80-year-old woman who had warfarin therapy due to deep vein thrombosis in a lower extremity. The patient was admitted with a history of swelling and red area on her bilateral breasts, chest wall, right arm, and right flank. She was treated conservatively with success. She was discharged after about 3 weeks without complications and was well at 6 months’ follow-up.
La Escala Superlativa S de Butcher y Han (1995): el fingimiento en la adaptación española del MMPI-2
Authors: Sánchez Crespo Guadalupe , Jiménez Gómez Fernando
Published: September 2020

Se investigó la conducta de fingir en la adaptación española del MMPI-2. Participaron 3.035 personas, de los cuales los grupos "normal" (1.723) y "clínico" (561) respondieron con sinceiidad al cuestionario. A un grupo de 269 personas "normales'" se les instruyó para que muestren intencionadamente una imagen negativa de sí mismos (grupo '"mala imagen") y a otros 282,para que mostraran una imagen positiva (grupo "buena imagen"); otros 200 participantes contestaron al cuestionario sin atender a la información contenida en los ítems (grupo "repuestasinconsistentes"). Los resultados mostraron la sensibilidad de la Escala para detectar a aquellosque falsean sus respuestas presentando una imagen más favorable. Se observaron dificultades para discriminar a los que contestan sin tener en cuenta a los ítems.
Estrategias de afrontamiento y bienestar psicológico en adolescentes escolarizados de Tucumán
Authors: Contini Norma , Coronel Paola , Levin Mariel , Estevez Alejandro
Published: September 2020

El estudio descriptivo-cuantitativo analizó las estrategias de afrontamiento de 454 adolescentes escolarizados de 15 a 18 años de nivel socioeconómico medio de San Miguel de Tucumán. Se focalizó en las estrategias de afrontamiento con relación a la edad y se correlacionaron los tiposde estrategias utilizadas con el nivel de bienestar psicológico de los jóvenes. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Afrontamiento para adolescentes (adaptación española,ACS, forma general), la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adolescentes (BIEPS) adaptada por Casullo para Argentina y una Encuesta Sociodemográfica diseñada por los autores. Se identificó las estrategias de afrontamiento de los adolescentes, especialmente las que correlacionan con un elevado y un bajo nivel de bienestar psicológico. La investigación aporta datos empíricos para el diseño de programas de prevención con adolescentes no consultantes.