bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem Pengenalan Jenis Kanker Melanoma pada Citra MenggunakanGray Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) dan K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Classifier
Authors: NURHASANAH YOULLIA INDRAWATY , DEWI IRMA AMELIA , PALLAR FEVLY
Published: June 2021

AbstrakMelanoma dikategorikan sebagai bentuk kanker kulit yang paling berbahaya menurut skincancer.org. Kanker kulit ini bertumbuh dan berkembang oleh kerusakan DNA pada sel-sel kulit yang umumnya disebabkan oleh radiasi ultraviolet dari matahari. Pada penelitian ini  dibuatkan suatu sistem yang  dapat membantu pihak medis untuk memprediksi suatu tipe atau jenis dari suatu kanker melanoma dengan proses antara lain, optimalisasi postprocessing melalui morphological closing, pembentukan matriks-matriks gray level co-occurrence (GLCM) untuk pengekstraksian fitur-fitur tekstur statistika dan K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) sebagai metode klasifikasinya. Hasil dari pengujian menunjukan bahwa ekstraksi ciri tekstur statistika bermanfaat dalam pengenalan kanker ini dimana diperoleh hasil akurasi mencapai 93.33% oleh classfier pada kategori pengujian positif melanoma dan 86.66 % pada kategori kelas melanoma. Kata kunci: Melanoma, GLCM, K-Nearest Neighbor, Otsu Thresholding AbstractMelanoma is categorized as the most dangerous form of skin cancer, according to skincancer.org. This skin cancer grows and develops due to DNA damage to skin cells which is generally caused by ultraviolet radiation. In this study, a system was created to help medical parties predict a type or type of melanoma cancer. This system was performed with morphological closing processes, the formation of gray level co-occurrence (GLCM) matrices for extraction of features of statistical textures, and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) as a classification method. The test results showed that the system recognized this cancer with an accuracy of 93.33% for the positive image of melanoma and 86.66% for the melanoma class category. Keywords: Melanoma, GLCM, K-Nearest Neighbor, Otsu Thresholding
Perbandingan Antara Alur Kerja BIM Dengan CAD Pada Proses Renovasi Rumah Tinggal
Authors: Muhsin Ardhiana
Published: June 2021

Building Information Modelling atau BIM menjadi topik pembicaraan bagi pelaku industri konstruksi yang diyakini dapat menambah efisisensi waktu pengerjaan proyek serta menghemat biaya proyek. Keberadaan konsep BIM ini juga semakin kuat dengan adanya peraturan dari Kementerian PUPR Nomor 22/PRT/M/2018 yang mensyaratkan penggunaan BIM dalam tender perencanaan diatas 2000 m2. Sejumlah pertanyaan muncul atas keraguan terhadap konsep BIM yang ditawarkan misalnya sejauh mana peningkatan efisiensi waktu pada proses perancangan dan juga tahap konstruksi. Konsep BIM yang juga mencakup tahapan renovasi sebagai bagian dari kegiatan pengelolaan bangunan turut menjadi pembahasan yang sering dibandingkan dengan alur kerja CAD tanpa menggunakan BIM. Selama ini dalam kegiatan renovasi, arsitek terkadang tidak memiliki data yang lengkap tentang bangunan yang akan dikerjakannya. Informasi yang hilang ini tidak jarang menuntun arsitek dan pemilik pada keputusan yang salah seperti mengganti ulang bahan penutup lantai karena kesulitan mendapatkan bahan yang sama atau bahkan lebih fatal lagi menyebabkan runtuhnya sebagian bangunan karena kesalahan dalam pembongkaran. Atas dasar hal tersebut, penelitian ini disusun dan menitikberatkan pada alur kerja tahapan renovasi dengan komparasi penggambaran digital dengan CAD yang tanpa BIM maupun menggunakan konsep BIM. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan jawaban apakah konsep BIM dapat dipahami dan terlihat manfaatnya secara nyata
THE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING: IMPACT ON LEARNING OF GEOLOGY BY SYRIAN REFUGEE GRADE 6 STUDENTS
Authors: Yammine Assaad
Published: June 2021

Young Syrian refugees who have experienced the war are in a state of trauma that hinders their normal development, be it physical, emotional, or even at school level. Geology is, therefore, a difficult field to address for both students and teachers. In order to familiarize primary school students (grade 6) with this theme, we have set up and realized a pedagogical project at the "" educational that deals with Syrian refugee students enrolled in public schools in Lebanon. We integrated project-based learning (PBL) into teaching in order to introduce grade 6 students to some basics in geology. Several tests were conducted before and after our intervention. The results show that the PBL develops students' motivation and involves them more in learning situations while starting from their interests and promoting their cognitive engagement. In addition, PBL promotes their autonomy, awakens their sense of responsibility by integrating them into teams where they collaborate and communicate.
PERUBAHAN KANDUNGAN ASAM FITAT DAN ASAM AMINO ESENSIAL BAHAN-BAHAN ORGANIK PAKAN YANG DIFERMENTASI RAGI TEMPE
Authors: Muniroh Arina , Suja'i Imam , Wibowo Aji , Saputra Henry Kasman Hadi , Yunita Etyn , Sriherwanto Catur
Published: June 2021

Changes in the Contents of Phytic Acid and Essential Amino Acids of Animal Feed Organic Materials Fermented by Tempe Starter
The contents of antinutrients and nutrients are important in the selection of feed ingredients, especially for monogastric animals. The aim of this study is to determine the change in the contents of antinutrient phytic acid and nutrient essential amino acid in selected organic materials. Nine organic ingredients of agro-industrial by-products, namely rice bran, coffee skin, cassava bagasse, corn, coconut dreg, soy bean meal, pollard, corn gluten feed (CGF), and copra meal were fermented in solid state using tempeh starter for 48 hours at 30°C. Dense mycelia overgrowing evenly on the top, bottom, and cross-sliced surfaces was observed on rice bran, maize and copra meal substrates. These 3 selected organic materials were then analysed for the content of phytic acid and essential amino acids. The results showed that the lowest decrease (75.80%) in phytic acid content occurred in maize, namely from 18.49 ± 0.41 mg g-1 (before fermentation) to 4.48 ± 0.19 mg g-1 (after fermentation). The highest increase (59%) of total essential amino acids occurred in copra meal, namely from 38,991.89 ± 447.12 mg kg-1 (before fermentation) to 61,816.56 ± 894.24 mg kg-1 (after fermentation).
Kandungan antinutrisi dan nutrisi merupakan hal penting dalam pemilihan bahan pakan, terutama untuk hewan monogastrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perubahan kandungan antinutrisi asam fitat dan nutrisi asam amino esensial pada bahan organik tertentu yang terpilih. Sembilan bahan organik yang merupakan hasil samping agroindustri, yakni dedak padi, kulit kopi, onggok, jagung, ampas kelapa, bungkil kedelai (soy bean meal), dedak gandum (pollard), produk samping jagung corn gluten feed (CGF), dan bungkil kopra difermentasi padat menggunakan ragi tempe selama 48 jam pada suhu 30°C. Miselium yang tumbuh subur, padat, dan merata pada permukaan atas, bawah, dan irisan melintang teramati pada dedak padi, jagung, dan bungkil kopra. Tiga bahan organik terpilih ini kemudian dianalisa kandungan asam fitat dan asam amino esensialnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penurunan terbesar (75,80%) kandungan asam fitat terjadi pada jagung, yakni dari 18,49 ± 0,41 mg g-1 (sebelum fermentasi) menjadi 4,48 ± 0,19 mg g-1 (setelah fermentasi). Peningkatan tertinggi (59%) asam amino esensial total terjadi pada bungkil kopra, yakni dari 38.991,89 ± 447,12 mg kg-1 (sebelum fermentasi) menjadi 61.816,56 ± 894,24 mg kg-1 (setelah fermentasi).
Eco-friendly use of eggshell powder as a bio-filler and flux material to enhance technological properties of fired clay bricks
Authors: Ngayakamo Blasius , Aboubakar Assia Mahamat , Komadja Charles Gbetoglo , Bello Abdulhakeem , Onwualu Azikiwe Peter
Published: June 2021

In this work, an experimental investigation on the use of eggshell powder from waste eggshells as an alternative source of bio-filler and flux to enhance the technological properties of fired clay bricks were carried out. Four different batch compositions were formed with eggshell powder as a bio-filler and flux replacing clay-soil up to 15 wt.%. The clay bricks were prepared by the casting method and were fired at 800, 900, and 1000 °C at the heating rate of 8 °C/min for 120 minutes. The raw materials and produced fired clay bricks were characterized by SEM/EDS, XRF, and XRD, respectively. Besides, technological properties of fired clay bricks (eg. water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density, and compressive strength) were also determined. The results showed that adding 15 wt.% of eggshell powder as a bio-filler and flux yielded a compressive strength of 4.8 MPa, the bulk density of 2.1 g/cm3, and a lower water absorption value of 11.1% at the firing temperature of 1000 °C. Consequently, the use of eggshell as a bio-filler and flux to enhance the technological properties of fired clay bricks is promising and can be considered as an effective alternative method to reduce environmental concerns caused by inappropriate discarding and landfill construction to dispose of eggshell waste.
Komparasi Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dan Weighted Product (WP) pada Penentuan Kelayakan Pemberian Kredit Elektronik
Authors: Suprayogi Dedi , Mustafidah Hindayati
Published: June 2021

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) adalah sistem yang dapat membantu seseorang dalam mengambil keputusan yang akurat dan tepat sasaran. Banyak permasalahan yang dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan SPK, salah satunya adalah penentuan kelayakan penerima kredit elektronik. Dalam penentuan kelayakan penerima kredit pada Gemilang Jaya, ada beberapa kriteria yang menjadi dasar pengambilan keputusan antara lain status usaha, lama usaha, tempat usaha, penghasilan perhari, jumlah tanggungan, karakter, cek lingkungan dan usia. Sistem akan dibangun menggunakan metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dan metode Weigted Product (WP) yang nantinya kedua metode tersebut akan di bandingkan kinerjanya supaya mendapatkan hasil metode terbaik dalam menentukan kelayakan penerima kredit. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah bahwa kedua metode memberikan hasil yang berbeda kecuali pada ranking 1 – 3 memberikan urutan alternatif yang sama. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan dalam penentuan kelayakan pemberian kredit sebaiknya menggunakan metode SAW karena didasarkan pada nilai kriteria dan bobot yang sesuai dengan manajemen pemberian kredit di Gemilang Jaya Purwokerto. Kata-kata Kunci: Sistem pendukung keputusan, Simple Additive Weighting, Weigted Product, kredit.
Kebijakan Formulasi Hukum Pidana Dalam Penggunaan Pembuktian Terbalik Dalam Kasus Money Politic Pemilihan Kepala Daerah
Authors: Ubwarin Erwin
Published: June 2021

Kepala Daerah yang tertangkap dalam kasus korupsi merupakan sebuah fenomena di Indonesia, biaya Pemilihan Umum dan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah yang mahal mengakibatkan membutuhkan uang yang banyak, sehingga ditawari oleh pemik modal yang harus diberi proyek setelah calon kepala daerah resmi menjadi kepala daerah, politik uang semacam ini mengancam nilai-nilai demokrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan kebijakan formulasi hukum pidana yang dapat diambil dalam hukum acara pidana pemilu untuk menanggulangi politik uang di dalam pemilu. Metode yang dipakai adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Proses menentukan hasil, suatu proses Pemilihan Kepala Daerah dengan pengunaan politik uang sudah terbukti menimbulkan masalah dikemudian hari dengan menghasilkan pemimpin yang melakukan korupsi, karena ia dibiayai oleh pemberi modal, pemberi modal adalah cukong yang akan mengambil proyek pembanguanan suatu daerah, maka diperlukan sebuah kebilakan formulasi hukum pidana untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini. Sarannya adalah memasukan pembuktian terbalik dalam sistem hukum acara tindak pidana Pemilihan Umum dan khususnya Pemilihan Kepala Daerah.
INTERAKSI SOSIAL ANTAR ORANG KEI DI NEGERI PASSO KECAMATAN BAGUALA KOTA AMBON
Authors: Rahabav Fransiska , Soumokil Tonjti , Alfons Christwyn R. , Frans Jouverd F.
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk interaksi sosial antar orang Kei di Negeri Passo Kecamatan Baguala Kota Ambon. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Negeri Passo Kecamatan Baguala Kota Ambon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orang Kei di Negeri Passo terdiri dari kasta Mel-Mel, Ren-Ren, Iriri. Namun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, tidak tampak perbedaan kasta di antara mereka. Mereka hidup bersama atau berkelompok dengan perbedaan yang ada namun tidak pernah terjadi masalah. Hubungan interaksi sosial di antara mereka ketiga kasta terjalin dengan sangat baik sehingga tampak rukun dan aman. Bentuk-bentuk interaksi sosial yang tampak dalam kehidupan bersama orang Kei di Negeri Passo seperti, Yelim dan Maren. Yelim dan Maren merupakan dua tradisi yang mengandung makna saling membantu dan saling menolong satu sama lain. Yelim dan Maren merupakan dua bentuk interaksi sosial yang mewujudkan serta memperkuat rasa solidaritas sosial orang Kei di Negeri Passo. Penguatan rasa solidaritas sosial orang Kei di Negeri Passo juga disebabkan oleh falsafah hidup mereka yaitu Ain Ni Ain yang artinya rasa persaudaraan yang berasal dari leluhur yang sama, suku yang sama, bahasa yang sama, adat istiadat yang sama, dan tidak membeda-bedakan latar belakang agama, kelas sosial, ekonomi, dan lain-lain.
Evaluasi Aset Fasilitas Pada Wanawisata Punceling Di Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Annisa Rizka , Angestiwi Tiafahmi
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTPunceling Forest Tourism have an appeal that consisting of a hill keraton , the Pancuran Tujuh , Lumpat Waterfall , Pajajaran Waterfall, and Kebul waterfall. But, there is an indication matter found in wanawisata punceling namely the difficulty of tourists to find the entrance. This case study devoted to know the quality of assets facilities wanawisata punceling based on dimensions accommodation, access, attractiveness , and supporting facilities. Grand theory used to research is evaluation facilities natural tourism based on journal Alkahtani et al (2015), Alaeddinoglu and Can (2011), Ginting and Sasmita (2018), Panasiuk (2007), and Priskin (2001). The research was done by using the method descriptive with a qualitative approach and qualitative. Technique data collection was carried out by observation , interview , the questionnaire and documentation.Keywords: Assets facilities, Forest Tourism, Nature Tourism  ABSTRAKWanawisata Punceling memiliki daya tarik yang terdiri dari Bukit Keraton, Pancuran Tujuh, Curug Lumpat, Curug Pajajaran, dan Curug Kebul. Namun, terdapat indikasi masalah yang ditemukan di Wanawisata Punceling yakni sulitnya wisatawan untuk menemukan pintu masuk. Studi kasus ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui kualitas aset fasilitas Wanawisata Punceling berdasarkan dimensi akomodasi, akses, daya tarik, dan fasilitas pendukung. Grand theory yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu evaluasi fasilitas wisata alam berdasarkan jurnal  Alkahtani et al (2015), Alaeddinoglu dan Can (2011), Ginting dan Sasmita  (2018), Panasiuk (2007), dan Priskin (2001). Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, kuesioner dan  dokumentasi. Kata kunci: Aset Fasilitas, Wanawisata,  Wisata Alam
Pengelolaan Sampah Di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Jatibarang, Kota Semarang
Authors: Harjanti Intan Muning , Anggraini Pratamaningtyas
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIndonesia's rapid population growth will indirectly affect the increase in waste production. Ineffective and efficient waste management systems will have an impact on the accumulation of waste at the final processing location. Large piles of garbage have the potential to produce gases that are harmful to health and the environment. Jatibarang Final Processing Site is the only final processing location in the city of Semarang, where the final processing location can accommodate sources of waste from 16 sub-districts in the city of Semarang. The purpose of this study is to determine the waste management activities in the Jatibarang final processing site, so that later it can become an input to improve future waste management in the Jatibarang final processing location. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, using primary and secondary data collection techniques.The results of the study explained that the waste management activities at the jatibarang final processing site are, the final scraping of compost, the use of methane gas (CH4) originating from the landfill as an alternative gas (biogas), reducing waste by herding cattle, and the methane canteen program.Keyword: waste, management, Jatibarang ABSTRAKPertumbuhan penduduk Indonesia yang cepat akan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi peningkatan produksi limbah. Sistem pengelolaan limbah yang tidak efektif dan efisien akan berdampak pada akumulasi limbah di lokasi pemrosesan akhir. Tumpukan besar sampah berpotensi menghasilkan gas yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan. Situs Pengolahan Akhir Jatibarang adalah satu-satunya lokasi pemrosesan akhir di kota Semarang, di mana lokasi pemrosesan akhir dapat menampung sumber limbah dari 16 kecamatan di kota Semarang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kegiatan pengelolaan limbah di lokasi pengolahan akhir Jatibarang, sehingga nantinya dapat menjadi input untuk meningkatkan pengelolaan limbah di masa mendatang di lokasi pengolahan akhir Jatibarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa kegiatan pengelolaan limbah di lokasi pemrosesan akhir jatibarang adalah, pengikisan akhir kompos, penggunaan gas metana (CH4) yang berasal dari TPA sebagai gas alternatif (biogas), mengurangi limbah dengan menggembalakan ternak , dan program kantin metana.Kata kunci: limbah, pengelolaan, Jatibarang
EKSPERIMEN LABORATORIUM ALIRAN TERTUTUP DAN INISIASI UJI BENDUNG BERPORI UNTUK KAWASAN PERTANIAN
Authors: Wahyudi Slamet Imam
Published: June 2021

Permasalahan pemanfaatan air untuk kawasan pertanian, penanganan permasalahan kawasan banjir rob memerlukan analisis dengan menggunakan model numerik dan validasi dengan uji model Fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambahkan komponen uji aliran tertutup dan uji awal aliran dengan sampelk bendung berpori. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi inventori kondisi eksisting laboratorium, pembuatan denah eksisting, perencanaan sirkulasi aliran, penempatan alat ukur yang diperlukan, alokasi uji model bangunan air, detail perencanaan laboratorium uji hidrolika. Untuk penelitian ini diawali dengan uji bendung berpori. Penelitian ini menghasilkan perencanaan laboratorium untuk uji hidrolika, penelitian eksperimen dan perbaikan alur aliran laboratorium. Kemudian penelitian ini juga menghasilkan analisis uji awal eksperimen laboratorium untuk bendung berpori dengan tiga tipe bentuk bronjong. Hasil penelitian ini dapat diimplementasikan di kawasan pertanian yang memiliki sungai atau aliran yang relatif kecil.
SINTESA MATERIAL PERUBAHAN FASA BERAZASKAN PARAFFIN/GRAFIT DENGAN MATRIX HDPE/PLA
Authors: Astuti Rima Dhinta Dewi
Published: June 2021

Material perubahan fase distabilkan bentuk (PCM) berdasarkan parafin dan high-density polyethylene (HDPE) yang digunakan sebagai media penyimpanan energi panas. Media penyimpanan ini dapat mempertahankan bentuknya bahkan ketika parafin dalam keadaan cair, memiliki konduktivitas termal yang stabil dengan grafit yang diperluas (EG),. Dalam studi ini, bahan perubahan fase stabil bentuk baru (SSPCM) pertama kali disiapkan melalui pencampuran meleleh dengan menggunakan bio-based poly (asam laktat) (PLA) sebagai matriks pendukung dan high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sebagai fase perubahan bekerja zat untuk aplikasi penyimpanan energi termal (TES). Hasil Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) dan difraksi sinar-X (XRD) menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada reaksi kimia yang terjadi antara PLA dan HDPE selama pemrosesan lebur, tetapi daerah kristalin HDPE berkurang dengan ditambahkan komponen PLA. Pemindaian mikroskop elektron (SEM), kalorimetri pemindaian diferensial (DSC), dan tes stabilitas bentuk menunjukkan bahwa campuran PLA50 / 50HDPE dengan morfologi fase co-continuous memiliki stabilitas bentuk yang baik dan kapasitas penyimpanan energi termal. Struktur co-continuous komponen PLA yang tidak meleleh dalam campuran PLA50 / 50HDPE dapat memberikan dukungan kuat untuk komponen HDPE dan mempertahankan bentuknya selama proses perubahan fase. Panas laten untuk campuran PLA50 / 50HDPE selama proses peleburan dan pembekuan adalah100,1 J / g dan 97,6 J / g, masing-masing, dan efisiensi entalpi relatif mencapai setinggi 104,2%. Setelah 10 siklus termal, parameter termal campuran PLA50 / 50HDPE tetap hampir konstan. Ini menunjukkan bahwa campuran PLA50 / 50HDPE sebagai SSPCM memiliki usabilitas dan keandalan termal yang sangat baik. Percobaan penyimpanan dan konversi energi panas sederhana menunjukkan bahwa PLA50 / 50HDPE SSPCM memiliki potensi besar dalam penyimpanan energi surya atau bidang pemulihan panas limbah industri.Kata kunci : PCM, PLA, HDPE, Paraffin, dan Graffit.
Estudios citogenéticos y morfo-anatómicos comparativos entre diploides y poliploides de Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae).
Authors: Mancini Miguel , Chiarini Franco , Calviño Ana , Stiefkens Laura
Published: June 2021

Introducción y objetivos: Solanum elaeagnifolium, morfológicamente variable, se multiplica sexual- y asexualmente y es invasora en distintas partes del mundo. Se desconoce su rango de origen y como se propagó fuera de él. En Argentina existen poblaciones naturales diploides, tetraploides y hexaploides. Presenta tres linajes genéticos claramente distanciados, dos en Sudamérica con poblaciones poliploides y un tercero solo con diploides en América del Norte y áreas invadidas. Nuestro objetivo es detectar relaciones entre nivel de ploidía, linaje y procedencia con características morfológicas de las plantas y variables climáticas. 
M&M: Se realizaron preparados cromosómicos y mediciones de caracteres de epidermis, flor y semilla, en individuos 2x, 4x y 6x de diferente linaje y origen geográfico. Se compararon los valores medios obtenidos mediantes tests estadísticos y la similitud global se evaluó mediante análisis multivariados. 
Resultados: Únicamente número de estomas y masa de semillas resultaron significativamente diferentes entre niveles de ploidía: el citotipo tetraploide, presenta menor número de estomas y semillas más pesadas. Las restantes variables morfoanatómicas contribuyen a la diferenciación global de los citotipos, aunque no se comprobó que las medias variaran proporcionalmente con el aumento de ploidía. La precipitación media anual contribuye a la discriminación entre citotipos, coincidiendo la distribución occidental de los tetraploides con la diagonal árida en Argentina. 
Conclusiones: Las diferencias en el tetraploide no pueden atribuirse a un efecto de la poliploidización. El patrón global de datos podría explicarse por múltiples orígenes independientes de la poliploidía, plasticidad fenotípica y presiones del ambiente (temperatura, precipitaciones, distintos ensambles de polinizadores).
ADSORPTION OF PHENOL COMPOUNDS BY ACTIVATED CARBON FORMED DURING CARBONIZATION OF BROWN COAL WITH POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
Authors: Таmarkina Ju.V. , Frolova I.B. , Velichko O.O. , Кucherenko V.O.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the work is to evaluate the adsorption capacity of activated carbons (ACs) from brown coal in relation to phenol (Ph) and 4-chlorophenol (CPh) and the influence of the AСs formation temperature under carbonization with potassium hydroxide on capacities. The samples of ACs were prepared by heating with KOH (1 g/g, 1 h) at a given temperature in the range of t=400-800°C and marked as AC(t). The ACs porosity characteristics were determined by low-temperature (77 K) adsorption – desorption nitrogen isotherms (Micromeritics ASAP 2020) calculated by the 2D-NLDFT method. They are as follows: total pore volume Vt (cm3 /g), specific surface area S (m2 /g), volume (Vmi) and surface (Smi) of micropores, volume (V1nm) and surface (S1nm) of subnanopores, the total surface of meso- and macropores Sme+ma. The adsorption of phenol and 4-chlorophenol was determined at equilibrium concentrations in aqueous solutions ≤5 mmol/l (25 °C). The alkaline carbonization temperature of brown coal was found to be a key factor in the formation of micro- and subnanopores, the growth of the AC specific surface area (from 12.8 m2 /g to 1142 m2 /g) and adsorption activity against phenolic compounds. Its increase to 800°C causes an exponential increase in the AC adsorption capacity in 8.7 times (Ph) and 6.7 times (CPh), which is proportional to the concentration of surface adsorption centers (AdCs). The values of the effective activation energy of forming AdCs being active in relation to adsorbates were determined as 29.5 kJ/mol (Ph) and 31.5 kJ/mol (CPh). The kinetics of Ph and CPh absorption was found to obey the pseudosecond-order model, and the adsorption rate is limited by the interaction of the adsorbate molecules with the AdCs. Adsorption isotherms at equilibrium concentrations ≤ 5 mmol/l are approximated by the Langmuir model (R2 ≥ 0.994). Compared with Ph, the degree of CPh extraction is much higher, which is a consequence of its stronger connection with the AC surface. The specific adsorption capacity for Ph and CPh shows a sharp decrease (10-16 times) with increasing carbonization temperature from 400° C to 550 °C and a weak temperature dependence at 550-800 °C. In this range, ACs are formed with similar concentrations of AdCs, but different for various phenolic compounds. Adsorption on brown coal ACs was postulated to include π-π interaction, formation of electron-donor-acceptor complexes and formation of hydrogen bonds, but their contributions depend on adsorbate nature and they change while increasing alkaline carbonization temperature. Keywords: brown coal, alkaline carbonization, activated carbon, porosity, adsorption, phenol, 4-chlorophenol. Corresponding author Таmarkina Ju.V., e-mail: Tamarkina@nas.gov.ua
Omics should be integrated with genomics to uncover molecular networks and tissue and single-cell epigenetic changes. With these findings, targeted Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and glaucoma gene therapy procedures may be viable
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Both these 'omics' approaches, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics, should be combined with genomics to reveal molecular networks and epigenetic alterations at the tissue and single-cell levels, as genomics alone can not provide all answers to the complexity of ocular diseases. With these findings, novel targeted therapy strategies for Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and glaucoma may be viable.
Genetic engineered MSCs are attractive possibilities for regenerative stem-cell therapy to treat several liver diseases
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

While MSCs are intriguing candidates for stem cell-based regenerative therapy to treat numerous liver ailments, further study is needed to improve their therapeutic advantages. By delivering particular genes or trophic factors to wounded liver tissues, genetic engineering boosts MSC's therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, overexpression of foreign genes in damaged liver tissues will improve the hepatogenic differentiation, homing, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-apoptotic, antifibrotic, and cancer capacities of MSCs. MSCs are transformed into HLCs with mature hepatocyte capabilities when transcription factors are supplied; however, HLCs derived from genetically modified MSCs are not used to treat liver disease.This is because, after extended growing in vitro, both primary hepatocytes and HLCs lose their liver-specific functions. Difficulty in using genetic engineering in MSCs. For starters, there is no recognized genetic modification approach to homogenize the functional features of MSCs, resulting in substantial variation in surface marker expression, proliferation, and differentiation in gene-modified MSCs. Second, MSC genetic alteration creates safety issues and unpredictability, such as tumor development or in vivo differentiation. In the future, new techniques with effective gene carriers, appropriate transfection conditions, good targeted specificity and lesser cytotoxicity should be developed. As MSCs respond variably to local microenvironments, people with distinct liver illnesses may have variable responses to genetically altered MSC transplantation. Finally, we underline that all scientific challenges must be resolved before genetically modified MSC therapy may be employed in clinical practice for liver problem patients.
Tumor microenvironment has clinical significance in terms of prognosis and therapy prediction
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

At this point, the tumor microenvironment (TME) clinical significance in terms of prognosis and therapy prediction has become obvious. The TME is comprised of a varied population of cytokine/chemokine-releasing cells, which results in a local immune response. Colorectal cancer cells also produce antigens that are responsible for initiating an antitumor response. A better clinical prognosis is linked to a large number of effector T cells, which are predominantly made up of CD8+ CTLs, and a low concentration of regulatory T cells. Concentration of PD-L1 and its mutation load are both predictors of a response to anti-PD-L1 treatment. Despite ICI clinical trials showing that ICIs work, patients' responses to ICIs differ depending on the indication. With the emergence of TME-based biomarkers, we will demand additional TME-based biomarkers for more accurate therapies. The spatial-temporal interaction of immune system cells will also need to be investigated, in addition to current test criteria such as the identification of somatic changes, measurement of TMB, loss of HLA locus, and assessment of PD-L1 expression. Also, in order to accurately identify ICI therapy's most favorable recipients, identifying patients who will most benefit from ICI therapy solely or in combination with other treatment modalities is crucial.
To rectify Alzheimer's disease etiology, excessive mitochondrial division might be stopped or mitophagy might be promoted
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

In both in vitro and in vivo Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial feature that limits neuronal activity and results in A and phosphorylated Tau toxicity. To rectify AD etiology, excessive mitochondrial division might be stopped or mitophagy might be promoted. However, there are still unexplained mysteries surrounding the formation of senile plaques and NFTs, and the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease lacks fundamental unifying principles. Some scientists believe A toxicity and Tau toxicity are upstream processes in mitochondrial dysfunction, while others feel it is a downstream chain of events involving abnormal mitochondria. There are several mitophagy mechanisms for the clearance of dead mitochondria in PINK1 signaling; some are regulated by Parkin, while others are not. Drp1, Mfn1/2, PINK1, or Parkin, according to some researchers, have no role in mitophagy cleaning dysfunctional mitochondria; so, additional study is needed to solve the puzzle of mitophagy signaling pathways for clearing dead mitochondria and conserving high-quality mitochondria. Therapeutic techniques targeting mitophagy activity might be useful in reversing AD etiology.
Potential therapeutics for primary mitochondrial disorders
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Primary mitochondrial disorders (PMDs) are clinically and scientifically complex disorders, making devising therapy an enormous undertaking. However, the formation of national cohorts and extensive use of next-generation gene-agnostic sequencing technologies has resulted in considerable recent breakthroughs in PMD's core understanding. A very exciting new therapeutic arsenal has evolved. Extensive, high-powered, comprehensive clinical studies must now be conducted to identify successful therapies and provide a more definite basis for present therapeutic recommendations. Due to PMD's variability and rarity, these studies will require multicenter collaboration and detailed phenotype-specific subgroup analysis. Since some of the most effective therapies (e.g. exercise, diet, vitamins, even repurposed medications off-patent) have a low financial motive, this is a big challenge. This underscores the necessity for charities and governments to fund evidence-based development that will enable PMD treatments to be moved from bench to bedside. Biomarkers not related to the lives of physicians or patients have typically been used as the major outcomes in clinical trials. Many of these biomarkers have been embraced because they can be statistically examined, rather than capturing the value of a therapy on a patient's quality of life. This stresses the need to co-design patient clinical studies. Any future value studies should employ well-established transnational PMD patient cohorts and globally accepted clinically meaningful and patient-relevant outcome criteria. This will not only aid with patient recruiting, but also provide an international therapeutic efficacy assessment infrastructure.
Energi Yang diperlukan Tubuh
Authors: Hadza Roza Qoni
Published: June 2021

Angka kecukupan gizi (AKG) adalah nilai yang menunjukkan kebutuhan rata-rata zat gizi tertentu yang harus dipenuhi setiap hari bagi hampir semua orang yang masih dalam kondisi sehat. Gizi yang harus dicukupi adalah energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, serat, air, vitamin, dan mineral.Angka kecukupan gizi setiap orang berbeda-beda, tergantung jenis kelamin, usia, tingkat aktivitas fisik, hingga kondisi fisiologisnya. Namun, pemerintah sudah memetakan rata-rata AKG bagi orang Indonesia lewat Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan (Permenkes) RI Nomor 28 Tahun 2019 tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan untuk Masyarakat Indone
Book Review "THE CRITICAL LOGIC OF CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHERS; FROM THE PRE-SOCRATES TO ARISTOTLE" (LOGIKA KRITIS FILSUF KLASIK; DARI ERA PRA-SOCRATES HINGGA ARISTOTELES)
Authors: Alviana Dian Ananda , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

The book entitled "Logika Kritis Filsuf Klasik; Dari Era Pra-Socrates HinggaAristoteles" (The Critical Logic of Classical Philosophers; from The Pre-Socrates to Aristotle)was written by the author to invite readers to become more familiar with the world of philosophy,especially the thoughts of philosophers who existed in Ancient Greece. That is because nowadays,philosophy is a scourge for many people. Moreover, there are still many stereotypes aboutphilosophy, such as the notion that philosophy is not contextual to everyday life because it isattached to stereotypes that are considered problematic. Therefore, through this book, the authorwould like to invite readers to know the famous ancient Greek philosophers because they providea strong foundation in philosophy.
Gene doping may be possible for lifestyle enhancement
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Modern understanding of genetics and cellular processes, as well as new technologies in pharmacology and diagnostics, have dramatically expanded the possibilities for altering physical performance. Huge breakthroughs in the field of CRISPR/Cas technology will become increasingly significant in the next few years. As a result, sport will be confronted with new ethical dilemmas. Even when human germ lines are modified, there is no shrinking, according to the most current results in this field. Despite the fact that the WADA definition of gene doping only covers a portion of the alternatives, the term gene doping is frequently used in the media as a euphemism for these realities.New issues will surface on a societal level. The technologies, pills, and procedures mentioned above should not just be used to treat diseases, but also as "lifestyle drugs" for healthy people who want to improve their performance or look better. As a result, the lines between therapy, enhancement, and doping are blurring more and more. This is especially true when it comes to doping in well-known sports.
Neuroinflammation caused by activated microglia and astrocytes can contribute to the progression of pathogenic damage to substantia nigra neurons, playing a role in Parkinson's disease progression
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Parkinson's disease progresses by a number of regionally specific cellular and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, these pathways interact and have an influence on one another in both normal and pathological conditions. Neuroinflammation caused by activated microglia and astrocytes can contribute to the progression of pathogenic damage to substantia nigra (SN) neurons. Similarly, oxidative stress may be caused by a variety of stressors, such as contaminants in the environment or age-related mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dopamine auto-oxidation is a significant generator of ROS in dopaminergic neurons, resulting in neuronal oxidative stress. The high energy demands of dopaminergic neurons may result in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage as they age. Because mitophagy clears dysfunctional mitochondria from SN neurons, mutation-related abnormalities in autophagy of defective proteins might allow damaging proteins to accumulate in the cell. Because the effects of aging on these molecular pathways and cellular activities are unknown, further study into these molecular pathways and their connections in normal and sick states will be essential for developing disease-specific therapies.
Examination of Secondary School Students' Attitudes towards Socioscientific Issues
Authors: Hastürk Hanife Gamze , Ökkeşoğulları Eyüp
Published: June 2021

The interplay between culture and technology is dynamic. Since ancient times, science has had a major impact on people, and people have determined the general direction of science progress. In this way, there is mutual influence between society and science. Socioscientific issues have emerged as a result of the interaction process between science and society. In this context, it was aimed to examine eighth grade students' attitudes towards socioscientific issues. The study was conducted with 136 eighth grade students studying in a city in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey in the 2018-2019 academic year. Quantitative data collection and analysis methods were used in this study, which aimed to examine the secondary school students’ attitudes towards socioscientific issues. “The Attitudes towards Socioscientific Issues Scale (ATSIS) " was used as data collection tool in the study. According to the findings of the factorial ANOVA test; it was determined that eighth grade students' showed positive attitude on socioscientific issues. While students had positive attitudes related to interest and usefulness of SSI, they also had neither positive nor negative attitudes related to interest and usefulness of SSI. In addition, it was observed that the general attitude levels about socioscientific issues and the mean scores of interest and usefulness, liking and anxiety sub-dimensions did not differentiate according to gender. Based on the findings, the importance of socioscientific issues was emphasized and recommendations were made to program makers, researchers and practitioners on teaching.
Patient-specific microphysiology systems are likely to become a crucial aspect of translational research and precision medicine
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Basic biomedical research, drug discovery and development pipelines address unique "contexts of usage" that include such requirements as high-throughput experimentation, information content, functional biological complexity, and/or clinically relevant disease progression recapitulation. The model was created to more accurately recapitulate key features of the liver acinus structure and functions, including both physical and biochemical environmental cues, in order to help scientists better understand disease mechanisms, identify biomarkers linked to those mechanisms, and better predict drug response and ADME. HBL-MPS liver MPS models, which are designed to optimally mimic the liver acinus as a stand-alone liver model or in conjunction with other organs, are now preferred. Current HBL-MPS models have shown the capability to examine multicellular and temporal-spatial physiological and pathological heterogeneity inside the liver acinus. These MPS models have been utilized to look at crucial disease development pathways connected with NAFLD, type 2 diabetes, and liver metastases. Mature liver acinus cells generated from patient-specific iPSCs provide a significant impediment to full realization of the MPS 'potential capability. Organoid-MPS develop into distinct autologous liver cell types, whereas Structured-MPS are positioned or bioprinted within microfluidic devices. If this project works, Organoid-MPS and/or Structured-MPS might be applied in precision medicine applications. Patient-specific MPS used in preclinical investigations have the capacity to predict clinical response, helping to optimize the selection of patient groups for clinical trials.Despite the fact that MPS is predicted to have a large influence on the future of precision medicine, there are still many barriers to overcome. Also, lineage differentiation efficacy differs between donor lines and individual experiments, resulting in a heterogeneous population of various cell types. However, patient-specific MPS is likely to become a crucial aspect of translational research and precision medicine, considering the rate of technology developments and the availability of clinical validation trials.
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology applications in biological and biomedical fields
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Gene therapy is a way of mending or replacing a gene in an undesirable or non-functional cell. Although used in both animals and plants, gene therapy is most usually linked with humans. Because there are so many genetic disorders caused by genetic abnormalities or unwanted gene expression, gene therapy is promising to treat and even cure many diseases. The scientific and pharmaceutical sectors are becoming interested in gene therapy.CRISPR was initially detected in prokaryotic organisms, bacteria and archaea genomes. Although nucleotide sequences are regularly discovered in many bacteria and archaea, the scientific community has not realized its importance for over a decade. People used these diverse DNA sequences as a diagnostic for genotyping and therefore considered them as a distinctive feature for each particular microbe. Scientists are beginning to comprehend that the CRISPR/Cas system is a prokaryotic defense system's adaptive immunity to viruses, due to the discovery of CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) and the use of recombinant DNA technology. This recently discovered CRISPR/Cas system was swiftly developed as a tool for editing a specific gene in a genome. Since 2012, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology has been quickly researched and applied in several biological and biomedical fields. For various basic and practical research reasons, as well as biotechnological applications in agriculture and healthcare, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has altered and improved greatly over the past five years. Base editor invention and prime editing technology by fusing a Cas endonuclease with other functional enzymes, such as base converter enzymes, is one of several milestones in this fast progress.
Gene expression assays gather evidence that they can provide useful therapeutic information in young women
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Gene expression assays have been shown to be therapeutically beneficial in young women with lobular disease and long-term consequences.Prospective randomized studies consistently suggest that chemotherapy may be avoided in women over 50 years old with an intermediate risk recurrence score (pN0) or a low genetic risk (MammaPrint) (pN0–1); nevertheless, a slight benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy can not be ruled out in women 50 years or less. In order to quantify the incremental advantage of a specific therapy technique, the ESMO Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale was recently used for EBC therapies. For optimum individual benefit in early luminal EBC, risk-adapted treatment concepts are still crucial. More de-escalation trials are required in order to optimize adjuvant therapy in EBC. An endocrine-based approach with abemaciclib, in addition to adjuvant chemotherapy, has recently emerged as an alternate option for treatment intensification in high-risk luminal EBC.
New therapies aim at restoring the molecular, morphological, and functional integrity of Parkinson's specific brain circuits
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

In today's Parkinson's disease research, the focus is changing away from symptomatic dopamine replacement and toward customized therapies aiming at restoring the molecular, morphological, and functional integrity of disease-specific brain circuits. Novel pharmacotherapeutic and non-pharmacological strategies are currently being evaluated, thanks to significant technological advancements in gene manipulation methods, DBS devices and software, and neuroimaging, as well as a better understanding of the methodological issues that have hampered PD therapeutic research to date. Furthermore, improvements in biomarker research and the development of strong, presumably multimodal indicators of etiology and disease progression are important for the success of PD clinical trials aiming at closing the long-standing gap in disease-modifying, personally tailored therapy choices.
Blood products are used to treat a multitude of diseases, so the blood transfusion system needs to be enhanced. CRISPR/Cas9 has made it viable to make HLA class I-deleted blood products to avoid rejection
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

In adults, normal hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow, producing leukocytes, red blood cells, and platelets. Recently, megakaryocytes have been found in mouse lungs and spleen, where they release platelets by blood flow force. Blood products are used to treat a multitude of diseases and conditions that generate cytopenia. The blood transfusion system must be enhanced due to a drop in blood donors due to low birth rate and changing attitudes among young people, pathogen contamination, and rising demand due to chronic blood diseases that are prevalent among the elderly. Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem (ES) cells, may proliferate in vitro indefinitely and are a prospective source for blood transfusions to replace blood donations.Platelet preparations can be maintained at room temperature to sustain platelet function, but only have a statutory expiry date of five days. Platelets are anucleate cells, thus irradiation before blood donation can lessen the risk of iPS cell infection. Effective treatment requires HLA-compatible platelet transfusions, although supply limits often leave patients underserved. CRISPR/Cas9 has made it viable to make HLA class I-deleted blood products to avoid rejection and lower the odds of platelet-expressed human leukocyte antigen Class I cancer-causing iPS cells (HLA-I). This article discusses the production of megakaryocyte cell lines, bioreactors, and scale-up cultures, as well as identifying viable drugs in manufacturing. HLA-null, iPSC-derived platelet products' universal potential will also be explored.
The Impact of Human Capital Underutilization on Productivity and Economic Growth in Egypt
Authors: Hashem Eman Ahmed
Published: June 2021

This study estimates the effects of human capital underutilization on economic growth and productivity. This paper investigated the relationship between underutilization of human capital and economic growth using a variety of econometric tests like the Augmented Dickey Fuller test, the Johansen Integration test, and the ARDL model. The results indicate that, there is a negative relationship between human capital underutilization and economic growth. The results indicate that underutilization of human capital has a greater long-term impact on economic growth than it does in the short run. Reforms to education and training systems are required in order to maximise human capital utilisation and thus increase productivity and economic growth.