bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Generational Pedigree of Chinese Directors and the Contextual Features of their Works
Authors: Liao Xiaowen
Published: December 2020

The intergenerational division of Chinese film directors is the product of the formation of specific historical context. For a period of time, the intergenerational division of directors has become the academic category of film scholars. The intergenerational division is not only from the age of the work and the age of the director, but also from the social context of the film works and the development process of market system reform. This paper attempts to clarify the intergenerational context characteristics of Chinese directors' works from their genealogical development.
Achievements and Inspirations of Improving Rural Livelihood in the Past 70 Years
Authors: Zhou Liping
Published: December 2020

It is good tradition and political advantage for China’s party, as well as the purpose and foothold of our party’s work to pay great attention to improving people’s livelihood. This article analyzes the achievements of China’s improvement of rural people ’s livelihood in the past 70 years since the founding of the People ’s Republic of China from the following four aspects. It also states the inspirations brought by the improvement of rural people ’s livelihood in the past 70 years to improve rural people ’s livelihood in the current period.
Analysis on the Relationship among Industrial Structure, Structure of Migrant Population and Real Estate Prices
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen
Published: December 2020

With the urban development, the industrial structure and the structure of population show a mutually influential and very complicated relationship, and the industrial structure and the structure of population show an evident relationship with the real estate. The structure of population will have an influence on the industrial structure, and the industrial structure will have an effect on housing prices. So changes in the population structure will also have an indirect effect on the changes of real estate prices. This paper analyzes the relationship among industrial structure, structure of migrant population and real estate prices.
Study on the Model Construction of Power Transfer Movement from the Perspective of China`s International Relations
Authors: Duan Baixu , Tang Jia
Published: December 2020

Power plays a fundamental role in the system in the international relations. Basie on Game Theory, and by the assumption that the total amount of power is relatively constant in a short period of time, this paper makes a modelling analysis of the "take-and-give" movement of power among rational countries. Based on building the curve of power taken and the curve of power given, the power balance mechanism model and the power movement track model are constructed. We also make an analysis and by the examples. In the current situation, this paper agrees with the view of most scholars. China and the United States have opened a "cold war" different from the United States and the Soviet Union. With the coordination between the PRC-US relations, it is concluded that a stable international power mechanism requires the active cooperation of all countries, which could promote the power operation to reach the equilibrium point. The analysis method of power movement can explain the cause, progress, and trend of Sino US cold war to a certain extent.
Exploring the Application of GIS in Urban Planning and Management
Authors: Zhao Na
Published: December 2020

Smart city construction goals put forward for future civic planning work in China sets ahead higher requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to apply a digital management system to help carry out public planning work. GIS provides planning intuitive and rational tools, which much make up for the original urban planning pure graphics, pure text defects. In the attribute data, spatial analysis and spatial data, graphical performance has significant results, can enhance the level of urban planning carried out in China, has great application significance.
Study on Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) Extraction Method of Lhasa Municipal Sludge
Authors: Fei Yuhang , Liu Gaihua , Wang Lincong , Lei Jian , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2020

Sludge contains large number of EPS and the main components are protein, polysaccharide, hemic acid and so on, which is a great kind of carbon source. Therefore, using a method to extract the EPS and reflux to the biochemical tank can not only provide sufficient carbon source for microorganisms, but also solve the problem of sludge treatment and disposal in sewage plants. This passage compared five different extraction methods to study the extraction effect of EPS of Municipal Sludge. The results showed that the content of EPS components obtained by UN method was higher than that of the other four methods, which indicated that the UN method was better than the other four methods in extracting EPS; Through the comparison and analysis of the SCOD content and microscopic morphology of sludge EPS, it was found that the SCOD content obtained by UN method was the highest, and the corresponding sludge flocculant morphology was destroyed more thoroughly, so the best method was UN method.
Mechanical Aid and Organic Aid
Authors: Yang Fuqiang
Published: December 2020

In the traditional sense, most of the aid has the characteristics of one-way free. With Europe's coming out of the haze of World War II and moving towards revival, most of the aid belongs to the two-way and mutually beneficial development, which is beneficial to both donors and recipients. Based on Durkheim's theory of organic unity and mechanical solidarity, the author tries to use organic aid and mechanical assistance to discuss China's assistance to Xinjiang.
Cultivation of College English Teachers’ Comprehensive Abilities
Authors: Liu Fuhua
Published: December 2020

The present paper is a detailed analysis of the cultivation of college English teachers’ comprehensive abilities. Language abilities, knowledge and culture-transmitting abilities, morality integration abilities and administrative abilities are analyzed in detail respectively in a bid to come up with ways to enhance these abilities.
A Tension Between Free Flows of Data and Protection of Privacy in Digital Trade
Authors: Zhang Hui
Published: December 2020

While the free flows of data across borders are a pre-condition for free international digital trade, restrictions are still allowed to be imposed on the movements of data out of various concerns such as the most used, privacy protection. This article clarifies current rules in the multilateral system (the World Trade Organisation) regarding to dealing with these two goals, and evaluates its functions.
Lierature Review of a Study on the Correlation between the Effect of Ideological and Political Education and the Cognitive Neural Basis
Authors: Ma Yinping , Ding Chunli , Ma Ruiting , Ma Yun , Duan Yaqi
Published: December 2020

The research on ideological and political education in the new era mainly focuses on the following six aspects: ideological and political education content research, method research, educational characteristics research, educational implementation approach research, and ecological research. At the same time, the practical effects in the research of ideological and political education from the perspective of all media in the post-epidemic era. The current research focuses on the last three aspects, especially research on practical effects.
The Ways to Improve the Legal System for Wildlife Protection——From the Perspectives of "Animal Rights Theory" and "Modern Anthropocentrism"
Authors: Zhang Fuqing
Published: December 2020

China's current wildlife protection legislation is imperfect, there are multiple contradictions between human and wildlife resources. Scientific and reasonable protection of wildlife resources is conducive to economic development and ecological civilization construction. As to whether China should adopt the "theory of animal rights" to formulate relevant laws, this paper discusses the "theory of animal rights" and the legal status of China's wildlife resources protection, and puts forward reasonable suggestions to build a scientific and effective legal system of wildlife resources management and protection.
The Ecological Philosophical Signification of Affordance
Authors: Wang Xiaohang , Luo Lingling
Published: December 2020

In Gibson’s theory of ecological visual perception, “affordance” is perhaps the most controversial concept. Concrete meaning of affordance should be researched adequately. According to Gibson’s original theories, the concept reflects the relationship between organisms and environment, but it refers to feature of environment itself. Clear definition of affordance is conducive to avoid philosophical relativism.
Sex, The Prerequisite Foundation of Human-Subject Construction
Authors: Tao Wenfei
Published: December 2020

Sexual behavior and sex-based love are the earliest metaphysical experiences of mankind, and they have played an important role in the human subject construction. First, sexual evolution and sexual selection have participated in the construction of human biological development, enabling human beings to be born and continued as an independent natural species. Secondly, sex and love participate in the construction and development of the human psychological world and are one of the deep sources of human consciousness. Finally, sex and love are important construction and driving factors for the development of human society since the matriarchal clan society. It is not only the basic unit of human society-the fundamental support of the family, but also the basic principle of the operation of the entire social rights and economic mechanism.
An Eco-feminist Interpretation of Howards End
Authors: Jiang Dongyan
Published: December 2020

This paper attempts to analyze the eco-feminist consciousness embodied in Howards End from three aspects: women’s intimacy with nature, women’s and nature’s plight in the patriarchal society and the construction of harmonious relationships between women and men, man and nature. It is evident to find that Forster has a deep concern about the conditions of women and nature in the patriarchal society and expressed his view on mutual understanding and respect in order to get of the domination of men on women and nature in Howards End.
RASTREAMENTO DO CÂNCER DO COLO UTERINO EM MULHERES INDÍGENAS MBYÁ-GUARANI
Authors: Gonchoroski Machado Léia , Vieira dos Santos Aniúsca , Tavares dos Santos Giovana , Giuliano Bica Claudia
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a adesão à coleta citopatológica e descrever o perfil dos exames de rastreamento do câncer do colo uterino realizados em mulheres indígenas Mbyá-Guarani do litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2014 a 2018, para qualificar e direcionar a implementação de estratégias em saúde nas políticas públicas voltadas à mulher indígena. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa, com inclusão de dados dos registros dos exames de rastreamento de câncer do colo uterino disponíveis no Sistema de Informação do Câncer (SISCAN). Foram incluídas 113 mulheres Mbyá-Guarani, com idades entre 10 a 69 anos. A adesão à realização do exame citopatológico foi de 47% no período de 5 anos, com média etária de 29 anos. Em relação ao perfil citopatológico, 7% apresentaram alterações citopatológicas distribuídas em células atípicas de significado indeterminado (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS]), possivelmente não neoplásicas, e lesão intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau (low‐grade intraepithelial lesions [LSIL]) e 28% de desvio de flora, sugestivo de vaginose bacteriana, mais comumente associada à Gardnerella vaginalis. Os resultados demonstram que a adesão ficou abaixo da meta de 85% esperada pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS), evidenciando a necessidade de políticas públicas diferenciadas voltadas às populações de maior vulnerabilidade em saúde.
The Living Tradition of the Lviv School of International Law
Authors: Holovko-Havrysheva Oksana
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on the concepts of war and peace in international law embedded in academic heritage of such scholars as Gustaw Roszkowski andZygmunt Cybichowski, who represented the positions of the international lawyers and academicians working in Lviv (city being named throughout its history as Leopolis, Lwów, Lemberg and Lvov) in 19th century and early 20thcentury. These authors represent totally opposing standpoints with regard to the use of military force in international relations, arguing however that rules on war need to be systematized and regulated by legal norms. It is assumed that the debates on war and peace, as held at the University of Lviv in 19-th and early 20-th centuries were linked to the constitutional debate on statehood and self-determination for Polish and Ukrainian communities, living at the territory of Galicia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Virtual Reality as a new World Factor for Analysis of the Level of Terrorist Threat
Authors: Varenya Natalia , Avramenko Sergii
Published: December 2020

In the article is viewed through a lens of modern perspective directions of development of technologies in the sphere of the augmented and virtual realities, signs of information terrorism and its components – cyber terrorism and media terrorism are considered, and also the further vectors of terrorist threats in media space are predicted. The relevant UN anti-terrorism documents have been analyzed. It has been shown that today international law and Ukrainian legislation in the field of counter-terrorism security emphasize the technical component of preventing the disruption of information systems, while the strategy to combat threats is largely based on the latest relevant concepts aimed at strengthening the security of global information and telecommunications systems. Conceptual ways of counteracting the terrorist threat in the media space have been proposed in addition to the modern directions of anti-terrorist measures in the information sphere.
International Cooperation in the Fight against Infectious Diseases: a Case for Legal Epidemiology in Kenya
Authors: Orinda Eddy Nicholas Ombudo
Published: December 2020

As of May 21, more than 323,256 people worldwide have died and counting of COVID-19, the highly infectious respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus. The number of people, who have tested positive for COVID-19, has exceeded 4.9 million and counting, according to data compiled by the World Health Organization (WHO).The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the WHO African Region has rapidly evolved over the past few weeks, as reflected by the significant upsurge in the number of cases, and the rapid geographical expansion of the disease. Since the last situation report by the Johns Hopkins University on 18 March 2020 (External Situation Report 3), 11 new countries in the WHO African Region including Angola, Cape Verde, Chad, Eritrea, Niger, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Uganda, and Zimbabwe have confirmed 1 371 and counting COVID-19 cases. As of 25 March 2020, a cumulative total of 1 716 confirmed cases have been reported across 38 countries in the region, bringing the total number of reported deaths to 30, which corresponds to a case fatality ratio of 1.8% among reported confirmed cases.The most affected countries in the WHO African Region are: South Africa (5647 cases and counting), Algeria (4006 cases and counting), Burkina Faso (645 cases and counting), Senegal (933 cases and counting), Cameroon (1832 cases and counting), and Cote d’Ivoire (1275 and counting) [13].This paper seeks to lay a theoretical foundation for a broader intellectual discourse on the emerging challenges presented by pandemics while discussing and examining how law as a social determinant of health and a factor in the cause, distribution and prevention of disease and injury in populations within Africa and Kenya in particular can be utilized in understanding trends in health laws, study the impact and effectiveness of laws in health, informing and supporting best practices and developing an evidence base of what works in the prevention of infectious diseases and in particular COVID – 19 in Africa (Kenya).
Проблемы эффективности нефтегазодобычи на старых месторождениях
Authors: Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: December 2020

Одним из двух важнейших международных центров по объему запасов нефти на рубеже XIX и XX столетий был Абшеронский нефтяной район и столичный город Баку, где была сосредоточена половина открытых к тому времени запасов нефти и газа, а также большая часть объема добычи. Фонтаны нефти, бьющие из недр этой отдаленной провинции России капитализируясь, превращались в дополнительный источник поступлений в казну могущественной державы. Тогдашний министр финансов И.Витте, впоследствии назначенный главой правительства, именно за счет нефти стал пополнять государственный бюджет. Львиная доля этих поступлений обеспечивалась за счет региона, население которого составляло всего 1,5% от общей численности, а промышленный потенциал около 7-8% соответствующего показателя по Империи. [2] И хотя Бакинская нефть, вплоть до середины XX столетия сумевшая сохранять рейтинг, в последующие годы не смогла удержать свои позиции, тем не менее принятое к концу столетия решение о разработке новых богатейших месторождений на Каспии вызвало мощную реакцию на мировой нефтяной арене. В связи с этим на нынешнем этапе Азербайджан вновь превратился в место столкновения экономических интересов великих держав, благодаря открытию крупных углеводородных месторождений и национальная нефтяная экономика вступила в новую, более активную стадию развития. Сложившиеся традиции нефтегазодобычи, достигнутые успехи в нефтегазовой промышленности страны, объем к настоящему времени добытых углеводородов эквивалентный 2 миллиард тоннам условного топлива, соответствующая мощная отраслевая инфраструктура, все эти факторы вместе взятые существенно усиливал привлекательность данного региона. Именно в результате развития процессов, основанных на совокупности перечисленных факторов в республике разработана новая национальная нефтяная стратегия. В конце 1994 года был заключен первый нефтяной контракт, с зарубежными компаниями, вошедший в историю под названием «Контракт века» и заложивший основу новой эры не только в возрождении национальной экономики, но и во всей политико-экономической жизни страны. «Контракт века», вызвав мощный резонанс, стал сильным толчком для заключения целого ряда новых солидных договоров.
Istraživanja u području grafovskih baza podataka
Authors: Rabuzin Kornelije , Kudelić Robert
Published: December 2020

Kako
smo unatrag nekoliko godina dobili određena sredstva (tzv. sveučilišne potpore)
kojima smo istraživali određene aspekte grafovskih baza podataka, odlučili smo
rezultate istraživanja predstaviti i hrvatskoj akademskoj i stručnoj zajednici.
Smatramo kako su istraživanja bila kvalitetna i da rezultati istih imaju
potencijal za širu primjenu i implementaciju u dostupnim sustavima za
upravljanje grafovskim bazama podataka. Također, postoje i određene mogućnosti
za proširenje implementiranih rješenja, kao i prostor za dodatna istraživanja i
preslikavanja relacijskih u koncepte grafovskih baza podataka
Problematyka naruszenia dóbr osobistych w postaci czci a udostępnianie treści pochodzących od osób trzecich za pośrednictwem hiperlinków
Authors: Piaskowska Olga , Piesiewicz Piotr
Published: December 2020

Celem analizy przeprowadzonej w niniejszym artykule było wskazanie zakresu odpowiedzialności za naruszenie dóbr osobistych osoby, która w Internecie umieszcza hiperlink do materiału naruszającego dobra osobiste innej osoby. Ponadto analizie poddano, w jakich sytuacjach, powołując się na działanie w ramach kontratypu, osoba ta będzie mogła uchylić się od odpowiedzialności. W toku analizy autorzy skupili uwagę na problematyce naruszenia dobra osobistego w postaci czci, choć dokonując udostępnienia, określony użytkownik może naruszyć także inne dobra osobiste, w tym wymienione w art. 23 k.c. W rozważaniach uwzględniono, iż naruszenie czci może przybrać zarówno postać przekazu werbalnego, jak i niewerbalnego, ale także może nastąpić przez zamieszczenie określonej treści z wykorzystaniem funkcjonalności serwisów społecznościowych. Dokonano także rozróżnienia udostępnianych materiałów, mając na uwadze podmiot, od którego określony materiał pochodzi, jak i podmiot, który go udostępnia. Kwestia ta nie pozostaje bowiem bez znaczenia dla ewentualnej możliwości uchylenia się od odpowiedzialności przez podmiot udostępniający materiał.
Nieważność czynności prawnej z perspektywy systemów prawnych common law
Authors: Skorupa Piotr
Published: December 2020

Artykuł opisuje złożoną problematykę nieważności czynności prawnej w jurysdykcjach common law. W ramach oceny najnowszych tendencji dotyczącej proporcjonalnego i nowoczesnego modelu normatywnego sankcji nieważności bezwzględnej szczególną uwagę zwraca się na ustawową sankcję sędziowską ( structured discretion ) zaproponowaną w związku z reformą instytucji illegality i immorality w prawie umów (i innych czynności prawnych). Wpływ propozycji sankcji sędziowskiej na prawo polskie został ukazany na tle prac nad reformą sankcji illegality w niektórych krajach common law. Prace te wraz z bardzo cennymi materiałami zgromadzonymi w trakcie konsultacji miały także wpływ na kształt sankcji i jej proporcjonalizacji podczas opracowywania Common Frame of Reference. Przeanalizowano m. in. konieczne do poczynienia postępu w tej dziedzinie odejście od naturalistycznego postrzegania sankcji nieważności bezwzględnej w prawie prywatnym i rezygnacji z dogmatów wypracowanych jeszcze w czasach tzw. wielkich kodyfikacji XIX w. Dorobek nauki prawa i judykatury common law pokazuje jednoznacznie, że lakoniczna terminologia w normatywnych modelach sankcji nieważności bezwzględnej w kręgu ius civile wywarła negatywny wpływ na skuteczność i efektywność prawa.
Swelling Properties of Biodegradable Superabsorbent Polymers
Authors: Czarnecka Elżbieta , Nowaczyk Jacek
Published: December 2020

The size of the global market for biodegradable superabsorbent materials has been estimated at USD 120.64 billion. It is expected to register Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) at 6.2% in 2018-2025. Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) are most frequently used in the hygiene products industry in the form of non-biodegradable poly (sodium acrylate). Most personal care products end up in landfills where decomposition times are estimated to be up to half a thousand years due to the synthetic polymers. Simple replacement of poly (sodium acrylate) with biodegradable superabsorbent polymer is a challenging task that includes several stages of scientific investigation. In this paper, the sorption of water and electrolyte solutions are discussed. Biodegradable superabsorbent polymers were obtained from polysaccharides, while a proportionally varying amount of the cross-linking agent was used. The absorption properties of deionized water and sodium salt solution were tested and the influence of polymer drying was discussed. The superabsorbent polymers were dried as follows: dM1-the sample was frozen at -20°C for 48 hours and was dried in vacuum (10-2Tr) at room temperature for 48 hours; dM2-the sample frozen to -200°C for 2 hours and was vacuum (10-2Tr) dried at room temperature for 48 hours; dM3-the sample was dried in a vacuum dryer (~10 Tr) at 50°C for 24 hours, dM4-the sample was frozen to -80°C for 24 hours and then freeze dried for 78 hours.
Virtual Pilgrimage: An Irrealist Approach
Authors: Tzanelli Rodanthi
Published: December 2020

In this reflective essay I revise the relationship between travel as an embodied secular journey and pilgrimage as a sacred ritual via examinations of websurfing as a form of virtual pilgrimage. My main premise is that virtual travel facilitated by the internet and through various digital
platforms and collaborative social media should be considered as a novel secular form of metamovement we can approach as a pilgrimage. This pilgrimage produces multiple versions of reality ("world versions"), both in collaboration with corporate internet design and independently from it. Because
such nonembodied secular engagement with other places and cultures produces online "travel" communities, digital pilgrimage prompts us to revisit John Urry's "tourist gaze" thesis and Keith Hollinshead's "worldmaking authority" in a critical fashion. Critical reconsideration of these two influential
theses involves a closer inspection of metamovement for its aesthetic parameters, as well as their affording of creative connections between the mind (internalism) and the world (externalism) as a form of travel. Such connections can also assist in the production of conventional tourism mobilities.
Studi Deskriptif: Sikap, Pengawasan Keluarga, Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Upaya Pengendalian Hipertensi Pada Lansia
Authors: Nirmalasari Novita , Novitasari Yessi Angga
Published: December 2020

Background: Elderly is a decrease in cardiovascular function. Sstructural and functional changes occur in the peripheral vascular system responsible for variations in blood pressure. The study aims at finding out attitude, family supervision, level of knowledge, and efforts to control hypertension in working area Puskesmas Saptosari Gunungkidul. Method: The study was descriptive research with cross-sectional. Samples were selected using a purposive sampling. The number of the sample 38 repondent. The research instrument used a questionnaire. The data analysis used was univariate. Result: The majority of women (94.7%), aged 60-70 years (84.2%), and hypertension stage I (68.4%). Most of the attitudes have the right attitude (94,7%), family supervision (89,5%), and inadequate level of knowledge (76,3%). In controlling efforts, most were in a good category (94,7%). Conclusion: Almost all respondents have the right attitude and supervision from the family. Even though they have an inadequate level of knowledge, control efforts are mostly reasonable.
Type specimens of Birds in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali (Torino, Italy)
Authors: Aimassi Giorgio , Pulcher Claudio , Ghiraldi Luca
Published: December 2020

Since the 1990s, the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino houses the ornithological collection formerly belonging to the Zoological Museum of the University of Turin (MZUT). This collection includes about 20,500 specimens, mostly dating from the second half of the nineteenth century or early twentieth. The high number of type-specimens gives it great historical and scientific significance. The types have been described mainly by Tommaso Salvadori (171 taxa, 282 specimens) and, to a lesser extent, by other Italian authors such as Enrico Festa, Filippo de Filippi, Orazio Antinori, Enrico H. Giglioli or by foreign authors as John Gould, Eduard Rüppell, Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Philip L. Sclater, Robert Swinhoe.
Phylogenetic analysis of the Calamus javensis complex (Arecaceae: Calamoideae) in Malesia
Authors: Atria M. , Eurlings M. , Baker W.J. , Dransfield J. , van Welzen P.C.
Published: December 2020

A phylogenetic analysis on specimen level was made in possible support of a multivariate analysis of the Calamus javensis complex. Nine species, at some time recognized within the complex, and several recognisable forms were included. The phylogenetic markers used were the nuclear 5S spacer (5S nrDNA) and the chloroplast Maturase K (matK). The Bayesian analysis showed that only 5S provided some resolution. The 50 % majority rule consensus showed one major polytomy with a few supported groups, which were mainly morphologically unsupported pairs of specimens. However, one group, the form C. tenompokensis (the only distinct group in a multivariate analysis) is morphologically distinct and phylogenetically monophyletic and can be recognized as a species. Of all other recognizable forms, we only consider C. acuminatus to be regarded as a variety as it was not supported in the morphometric analysis.
FUNCTIONAL SCEME OF THE CONTROL MODULE OF INPUT REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING OF ARMAMENT AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT
Authors: Korniienko I. , Korniienko S. , Trotsyk S. , Kaznachey S. , Zhyrna O.
Published: December 2020

На даний момент продовжує бути актуальною проблема ефективності випробувань озброєння та військової техніки. У статті розглянута проблема планування та загальної організації процесів, що супроводжують надходження вимоги на випробування зразка озброєння та військової техніки. Авторами запропонована ідея управління вхідним потоком заявок на випробування зразків озброєння та військової техніки, що має на меті зменшити втрати, які виникають внаслідок неузгодженості параметрів інтенсивності вхідного потоку заявок на випробування та пропускної здатності випробувального інституту. Розглянута потенційна можливість управління вхідним потоком заявок на випробування зразків озброєння та військової техніки та сформований наближений перелік механізмів, які дозволяють здійснювати таке управління. Запропонована функціональна схема блоку управління вхідним потоком заявок на випробування озброєння та військової техніки. Показані основні логічні зв’язки між функціональними елементами схеми, викладений стислий опис призначення і задач основних функціональних елементів.
ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION OF CONTEMPORARY NIGHT VISION GOGGLES ON THE BASIS OF ELECTRONIC-OPTICAL CONVERTER BY THE HELICOPTER CREWS. PROSPECTIVE HELICOPTER OPTOELECTRONIC SYSTEMS OF AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE/SURVEILLANCE
Authors: Kuzmich O. , Kuznetsov V. , Andrushko M.
Published: December 2020

The paper studies the matters of using of night vision goggles by the helicopter crews of the State Aviation of Ukraine. The analysis of the perspective systems that can replace night vision goggles based on electronic-optical converter and provide round-the-clock and all-weather flights, landing of the helicopter on unprepared and unlit areas in poor visibility was treated.

Currently, the practice of using combat and transport helicopters involves their wider use in the night-time conditions (air warfare, delivery of goods, search-and-rescue operations). Due to low light levels, until recently, most night-time target acquisition tasks have been related with the necessities of providing the artificial target illumination, but in certain instances such illumination deteriorates visibility through an lighttight, phosphorescent atmospheric shells or it just can‟t be carried out.

The need for a large number of channels included in the optoelectronic system, caused by the variety of tasks that are solved by it, as well as the imperfection of each individual channel. This forces them to be combined to improve the efficiency of the optoelectronic systems themselves, so that the disadvantages of one channel are offset by the advantages of another.

In fact, it is only possible way to ensure the fulfilment of combat task by combining channels operating in different spectral bands in one scheme and by combining detection devices.

It can be stated that, despite the undisputed advantages of optoelectronic systems as compared to night-vision goggles, in case of the selecting for installing on a helicopter of optoelectronic systems, it should take into account the much higher cost of optoelectronic systems compared with night-vision goggles. Therefore, the rationale for installing optoelectronic systems must be determined based on the scope of the executing tasks, which are to be conducted by a specific helicopter.
RECOMMENDATIONS GENERALIZATION FOR IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF SUBSTANTIATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE VALUES OF QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF ARMAMENT AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT UNIFICATION
Authors: Shaporenko V. , Dmytriiev V.
Published: December 2020

Establishing the optimal values of quantitative indicators of the level of unification for armaments and military equipment (AME) samples during the elaborating of technical development requirements (TDR) for research and development work (R&D) on their creation (modernization) is still an urgent task, as they (values) directly affect technical and economical evaluation of AME samples.

It is stipulated in the normative documents that quantitative indicators of the unification level of the sample are determined by the factors of applicability and repeatability of the standard sizes of assembly units and parts of the sample. In addition, the formulas for their calculation are also specified in these documents. It makes possible to assess only the actually achieved level of unification, while the question of a methodological approach to establishing the values of indicators in the requirements of the TDR remains open.

In previous studies, the author has consistently developed recommendations for establishing optimal values of quantitative indicators of the level of unification for AME samples. This paper summarizes the recommendations on the method of substantiation of requirements for the values of quantitative indicators of AME unification.

The author proposes to replace the factor of repeatability with a relative factor of repeatability, which allows determining the indicators in single units (in percent) and, accordingly, applying a single method of their establishment.

The proposed general methodological approach to substantiation of quantitative indicators of the unification level consists of four stages:

determination of the basic level of quantitative indicators of the unification level;

determination of the list of factors that affect the level of unification, differentiation of factors by the nature of the impact and determining the rating of their significance;

determination of coefficients of factors that influence the unification level;

calculation of quantitative indicators of the unification

The paper provides a clear algorithm and recommendations for sequential execution of stages.

Taking into account the positive results of previous studies, generalized recommendations for improving the methodology of substantiation of requirements for the values of quantitative indicators of unification were developed. These recommendations can be practically applied in the process of setting requirements in the TDR for R&D on the development of AME samples.
Checklist of Isopoda Oniscidea (Crustacea) of Bulgaria
Authors: Beron Petar
Published: December 2020

A checklist of Isopoda Oniscidea (Crustacea) from Bulgaria (16 families, 33 genera, 81 sp.) is provided, together with an analysis of the cave species and of the inhabitants in the neighbouring territories.
Sustainable Development of Largest Cities and Megalopolises: a Factor of Ecosystem Services
Authors: Bobylev Sergey , Porfiriev Boris
Published: December 2020

Development strategy of the world's largest cities in recent years "turned green" substantially and include as priority the maintenance of the quality of the environment and reduce the risks posed by global climate change. The article analyzes the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations (2016-2030) from the standpoint of sustainability and quality of life of communities, primarily in the big cities. Proceeding from these positions the authors consider the relationship and interaction between different Goals, targets and indicators for their implementation. Particular attention is paid to international indices of city prosperity and cities outlook, the global cities index. Constructive methodological and instrumental basis for solving urban problems is the concept of ecosystem services and payments for these services. The largest cities and megalopolises should be prioritized and pioneer objects in the system of payments for ecosystem services or compensation for the loss of the quality of these services, which eventually should become nationwide and provide a sustainable long-run development of the country.
Human capital in the context of technological development and world economic paradigms
Authors: Glaz’ev Sergey , Orlova Lubov , Voronov Alexandr
Published: December 2020

In the modern economy, human capital is the main strategic resource for development, which has a direct impact on economic growth and social welfare. The purpose of the research is to examine the features of human capital development in the context of current structural changes in the economy due to changes in technological and world economic paradigms, and to identify its parameters to be evaluated and managed. The subject of the research is economic relations arising in the process of formation and use of human capital at different stages of economic development. The main results of the research are as follows: determination of the main structural components of human capital (physiological, labor, social and intellectual), identification of the trends in their participation in value creation when changing technological and world economic paradigms, as well as identification of institutional elements that affect their development and use. The scope of the results obtained is determined by the possibility of including key parameters of human capital in strategic plans for socio-economic development and improving the competitiveness of the national economy.
Interpretation of crypto-assets and taxation specificity of digital assets in developed countries and Russia
Authors: Kochergin Dmitriy , Pokrovskaia Natalia
Published: December 2020

The article explores various types of crypto-assets and justification of differentiated regime for their regulations. The purpose of the article is to determine the main economic and legal approaches of interpreting crypto-assets and identify the features of taxation of various types of crypto-assets in developed countries and Russia. Drawing on economic and functional features of crypto-assets, the study offers the classification of virtual assets. Having analyzed various approaches to crypto-assets tax regulation in the UK, Switzerland and Singapore, the authors determine the specificity of crypto-assets taxation and offer recommendations for crypto-assets taxation in Russia. The paper concludes that in countries where regulatory authorities make a clear distinction between different types of crypto-assets the taxation of virtual assets is also differentiated. A differentiated approach to taxation of crypto assets in Russia seems to be most promising since it encourages the development of certain segments of crypto asset market and offers a clearer mechanism for tax control over the turnover of crypto assets in the country.
Tái tạo vú bằng vạt tram có cuống là phẫu thuật đáng tin cậy đối với ung thư vú giai đoạn sớm
Authors: Nguyễn Đình Tùng
Published: December 2020

Mục tiêu: Tìm hiểu một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến kết quả tái tạo vú bằng vạt TRAM ở bệnh nhân ung thư vú giai đoạn sớm.

Đối tượng: 41 bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật tái tạo vú bằng vạt da cơ thẳng bụng có cuống (TRAM ) sau cắt bỏ tuyến vú do ung thư từ 2017-2019 tại Trung tâm Ung bướu - bệnh viện Trung ương Huế

Kết quả: Có 14/41 bệnh nhân tái tạo vú tức thì, 11/41 sử dụng cuống mạch cùng bên trong đó 95,1% bệnh nhân có BMI < 25, hơn 50% có sẹo mỗ cũ dưới rốn, 61% có thời gian mổ trung bình là 180-210 phút, 85,4% có thời gian hậu phẫu là 10-15 ngày. Tỷ lệ biến chứng thấp (14,6%), trong đó 3 biến chứng quan trọng đối với vạt TRAM có cuống so với vạt DIEP là phồng thành bụng, thoát vị thành bụng và hoại tử vạt hoàn toàn đều đạt mức 0%.

Kết luận: Phẫu thuật tái tạo vú bằng vạt TRAM có cuống trên bệnh nhân ung thư vú giai đoạn sớm là phẫu thuật an toàn và đáng tin cậy trong chọn lựa phương pháp tái tạo vú trên phụ nữ Việt Nam.
РОЗВИТОК МЕДИЧНОГО ПРАВА НА ЗЕМЛЯХ ЗАХІДНОЇ УКРАЇНИ
НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТ. (АСПЕКТ СТРАХУВАННЯ)
Authors: Терованесов Арсен
Published: December 2020

Развитие медицинского права на землях Западной Украины в начале ХХ в.
(аспект страхования)
В работе исследованы особенности развития медицинского права в начале ХХ
века. Установлено, что в этот период появились предпосылки, которые, в
совокупности с нормами социального законодательства, правовыми актами,
регулирующими отношения страхования, трансформировались в
медицинское право. Аргументирована необходимость изучения страхования
здоровья как неотъемлемой части медицинского права. Проанализировано
законодательство западно-украинских земель, входивших в состав АвстроВенгрии, которое регулировало основные правоотношения по защите
социальных прав граждан, ориентируясь на позитивный опыт европейских
государств. Установлено, что развитию медицинского страхования
способствовало реформирование промышленной сферы, сельского хозяйства,
а также успешное строительство железных дорог, что требовало не только
финансовых вложений, но и привлечения рабочей силы. Рассмотрен
историко-правовой аспект развития медицинского страхования на землях
Западной Украины, входивших в начале ХХ столетия в состав Польши,
Румынии, Чехословакии. Установлено, что программы медицинского
страхования существовали, однако не пробрели популярности в силу бедности
и социальной незащищенности населения.
Ключевые слова: медицинское право, медицинское страхование, земли
Западной Украины, историко-правовой аспект, социальное законодательство.
AN AGEING POPULATION AND EXTERNAL DEBT: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: Abd Rahman Nur Hayati , Ismail Shafinar , Ridzuan Abdul Rahim
Published: December 2020

A rise in the ageing population is the current demographic challenge which is capable of pressuring the government to borrow more external funds in order to support domestic needs. This study aims to investigate the effects of the external debt of 36 upper-middle-income economies from 2000 to 2017 due to the increase in the ageing population. This study employed the system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), where it revealed that the ageing population could increase the level of external debt if the population aged 65 and above was used as a proxy to represent the ageing population. However, the results were insignificant when the proxy was changed to the old-age dependency ratio. It illustrated that the increase in external debt occurs due to the increase in the population aged 65 and above because the government has to allocate more funds for healthcare, age-friendly infrastructure, social security and pensions. However, the dependency of the older people on government is minimal because of their long-term savings. Hence, the old-age dependency ratio has an insignificant relationship with the external debt level. For future research, it is suggested that the impact of the ageing population can be investigated on the domestic debt level.
A Volume-limited Sample of Ultracool Dwarfs. I. Construction, Space Density, and a Gap in the L/T Transition
Authors: Best William M. J. , Liu Michael C. , Magnier Eugene A. , Dupuy Trent J.
Published: December 2020

We present a new volume-limited sample of L0–T8 dwarfs out to 25 pc defined entirely by parallaxes, using our recent measurements from UKIRT/WFCAM along with Gaia DR2 and literature parallaxes. With 369 members, our sample is the largest parallax-defined volume-limited sample of L and T dwarfs to date, yielding the most precise space densities for such objects. We find the local L0–T8 dwarf population includes

young objects (≲200 Myr) and

subdwarfs, as expected from recent studies favoring representative ages ≲4 Gyr for the ultracool field population. This is also the first volume-limited sample to comprehensively map the transition from L to T dwarfs (spectral types ≈L8–T4). After removing binaries, we identify a previously unrecognized, statistically significant (>4.4σ) gap ≈0.5 mag wide in

colors in the L/T transition, i.e., a lack of such objects in our volume-limited sample, implying a rapid phase of atmospheric evolution. In contrast, the most successful models of the L/T transition to date—the “hybrid” models of Saumon & Marley—predict a pileup of objects at the same colors where we find a deficit, demonstrating the challenge of modeling the atmospheres of cooling brown dwarfs. Our sample illustrates the insights to come from even larger parallax-selected samples from the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time by the Vera Rubin Obsevatory.
Magnetic Reconnection Invoked by Sweeping of the CME-driven Fast-mode Shock
Authors: Zhou Guiping , Gao Guannan , Wang Jingxiu , Lin Jun , Su Yingna , Jin Chunlan , Zhang Yuzong
Published: December 2020

Coronal waves exist ubiquitously in the solar atmosphere. They are important not only because of their rich physics but also because they are essential candidates for triggering remote magnetic eruptions. However, the latter mechanism has never been directly confirmed. By revisiting the successive eruptions on 2012 March 7, fast-mode shocks are identified to account for the X5.4 flare-related Extreme UltraViolet wave with a velocity of 550 km s−1, and appeared faster than 2060 ± 270 km s−1 at the front of the corresponding coronal mass ejection in the slow-rising phase. They not only propagated much faster than the local Alfvén speed of about 260 km s−1, but also were simultaneously accompanied by a type II radio burst, i.e., a typical feature of a shock wave. The observations show that the shock wave disturbs the coronal loops C1 connecting active regions (ARs) 11429 and 11430, which neighbor a null point region. Following a 40 minute oscillation, an external magnetic reconnection (EMR) occurred in the null point region. About 10 minutes later, a large-scale magnetic flux rope overlaid by C1 became unstable and erupted quickly. It is thought that the fast-mode shock triggered EMR in the null point region and caused the subsequent eruptions. This scenario is directly observed for the first time, and provides new hints for understanding the physics of solar activities and eruptions.
[N ii] Fine-structure Emission at 122 and 205 μm in a Galaxy at z = 2.6: A Globally Dense Star-forming Interstellar Medium
Authors: Doherty M. J. , Geach J. E. , Ivison R. J. , Dye S.
Published: December 2020

We present new observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array of the 122 and 205 μm fine-structure line emission of singly ionized nitrogen in a strongly lensed starburst galaxy at z = 2.6. The 122/205 μm [N ii] line ratio is sensitive to electron density,

, in the ionized interstellar medium, and we use this to measure n
e ≈ 300 cm−3, averaged across the galaxy. This is over an order of magnitude higher than the Milky Way average, comparable to localized Galactic star-forming regions. Combined with observations of the atomic carbon (C i) and carbon monoxide (CO J = 4–3) in the same system, we reveal the conditions in this intensely star-forming system. The majority of the molecular interstellar medium has been driven to high density, and the resultant conflagration of star formation produces a correspondingly dense ionized phase, presumably colocated with myriad H ii regions that litter the gas-rich disk.
Measuring Solar Differential Rotation with an Iterative Phase Correlation Method
Authors: Hrazdíra Zdeněk , Druckmüller Miloslav , Habbal Shadia
Published: December 2020

A reliable inference of the differential rotation rate of the solar photosphere is essential for models of the solar interior. The work presented here is based on a novel iterative phase correlation technique, which relies on the measurement of the local shift, at the central meridian, between two images separated by a given time interval. Consequently, it does not require any specific reference features, such as sunspots or supergranules, nor extended observations spanning several months. The reliability of the method is demonstrated by applying it to high spatial and temporal resolution continuum images of the solar photosphere, at 6173 Å, acquired by the Solar Dynamics Observatory Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager over one complete Carrington rotation. The data selected covers the time period of 2020 January 1 to February 2. The method was applied to one day, and to the full time interval. The differential rotation rate derived using this feature-independent technique yields values that fall in the middle of the range of those published to date. Most importantly, the method is suited for the production of detailed rotation maps of the solar photosphere. It also enables the visual and quantitative identification of the north–south asymmetry in the solar differential rotation rate, when present.