bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Independent Population Validation of the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display: Implications for Keratoconus Studies and Screening
Authors: Villavicencio Ovette F , Gilani Fatimah , Henriquez Maria A , Izquierdo Luis , Ambrósio Renato R
Published: July 2019

With advances in technology and imaging, finding diagnostic criteria that are both sensitive and specific for keratoconus while using the latest corneal imaging modalities is paramount. The Belin/Ambrósio enhanced ectasia display final ‘D’ index, tested on an independent population, illustrated excellent false positive rates for refractive screening while eliminating 99% of keratoconus corneas. A false positive rate of 0% is achieved with a final ‘D’ of 2.69, meeting the more stringent criteria for treatment studies.

How to cite this article

Villavicencio OF, Gilani F, Henriquez MA, Izquierdo L Jr, Ambrósio RR Jr, Belin MW. Independent Population Validation of the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display:Implications for Keratoconus Studies and Screening. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):1-8.
Prevalence of Keratoconus among Young Arab students in Israel
Authors: Barbara Ramez , Gordon-Shaag Ariela , Millodot Michel , Shneor Einat , Essa Maron , Anton Miriam
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To determine the prevalence of keratoconus (KC) in an Arab population in Israel.

Materials and methods

Videokeratography was performed on volunteer students from the Academic Arab College of Education, in Haifa, Israel. All participants filled out a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate possible risk factors for KC. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed.

Results

Data of 314 participants were analyzed and a prevalence of (N = 10), 3.18% (95% CI, 1.2 to 5.1%) was found. The only significant factor (both in univariate and multivariate analysis) that was associated with KC was parental consanguinity (OR 5.10, p = 0.02). Druzes and Bedouins had a higher prevalence than Muslims and Christians. However, the differences were not significant possibly due to the small size of the sample.

Conclusion

The result of this study was similar to other studies conducted in the Middle East, which indicate a higher prevalence of KC than in western countries. It is also recommended that people who have consanguinity in their family should be topographically tested to detect the early stages of KC.

How to cite this article

Shneor E, Millodot M, Gordon-Shaag A, Essa M, Anton M, Barbara R, Barbara A. Prevalence of Keratoconus among Young Arab Students in Israel. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):9-14.
MyoRing Treatment for Cases of Myopia not eligible for Laser Vision Correction
Authors: Daxer Albert
Published: July 2019

Pupose

MyoRing implantation has been shown to be able to mechanically stabilize ectatic corneas like a bone-nail for broken legs do. Here I present typical cases of MyoRing treatment for Myopia which were not eligible for LASIK.

Materials and methods

Four eyes of four patients suffering from moderate to high myopia and showing risk factors for postoperative ectasia have been treated by MyoRing implantation. Two of them have been combined with laser vision correction (LVC).

Results

The refractive results are comparable to those published for LVC. The cases with combined MyoRing LASIK treatment performed slightly better postoperatively than those treated with MyoRing only.

Conclusion

MyoRing implantation is safe and effective in myopic cases presenting with mainfest signs of keratoconus. In myopic eyes without manifest keratoconus but risk factors for post-LASIK keratectasia the combination of MyoRing implantation with Excimer Laser Surface Ablation may be a good treatment option.

How to cite this article

Daxer A. MyoRing Treatment for Cases of Myopia not eligible for Laser Vision Correction. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):20-22.
Corneal Thinning after Contact Lens-related Infective Keratitis
Authors: Salgado-Borges José , Siqueira Renata , Almeida Raquel , Rodrigues Filipa , Santos Matheus , Contarini Patrícia
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To describe two cases of contact lens-related infectious keratitis with secondary corneal thinning.

Material and methods

Case reports and review of the literature.

Results

The first case is of a 13-year-old girl, contact lens user, admitted for acute corneal infection in her right eye (OD). Seven years after treatment, she presented with corneal thinning and flattening with uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/30 OD; thinnest value was 363 µm in OD and 513 µm in the left eye (OS). The second case is a 22-year-old male, cosmetic contact lens user, first presented with severe keratitis in OD. One year after treatment, the eye was quiet with moderate corneal opacity; corneal thickness was 228 µm OD and 561 µm OS. Ectasia was identified due to the protrusion and steepening with an irregular curvature pattern. Rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens fitting enabled visual acuity of 20/25 OD.

Conclusion

Corneal melt with secondary stromal loss and thinning may lead or not to secondary ectasia. Visual rehabilitation is possible with RGP contact lenses despite corneal opacity. The risk of infectious keratitis among contact lenses users should be considered.

How to cite this article

Almeida R, Rodrigues F, Santos M, Siqueira R, Contarini P, Salgado-Borges J, Ambrosio R Jr. Corneal Thinning after Contact Lens-related Infective Keratitis. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(2):95-98.
A new Tomographic Method of Staging/Classifying Keratoconus: The ABCD Grading System
Authors: Duncan Josh , Gomes José AP
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To incorporate advanced corneal imaging into a new keratoconus classification system that utilizes posterior curvature, thinnest pachymetry, and best-corrected distance vision (CDVA) in addition to standard anterior parameters.

Materials and methods

A total of 672 eyes of 336 normal patients were imaged with the Oculus Pentacam HR. Anterior and posterior radius of curvature measurements were taken using a 3.0 mm zone centered on the thinnest area and corneal thickness was measured at the thinnest point. Mean and standard deviations were recorded and anterior data were compared to the existing Amsler-Krumeich (AK) classification.

Results

A total of 672 eyes of 336 patients were analyzed. Anterior and posterior values were 7.65 ± 0.236 mm / 6.26 ± 0.214 mm respectively and thinnest pachymetry values were 534.2 ± 30.36 um. Comparing anterior curvature values to AK staging yielded 2.63, 5.47, 6.44 standard deviations for stages 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Posterior staging uses the same standard deviation gates. Comparative pachymetric values yielded 4.42, and 7.72 standard deviations for stages 2 and 3 respectively.

Conclusion

A new keratoconus staging system incorporates posterior curvature, thinnest pachymetric values, and distance visual acuity in addition to the standard anterior curvature and consists of stages 0 to 4 (5 stages), closely matches the existing AK classification stages 1 to 4 on anterior curvature. The new classification system by incorporating curvature and thickness measurements based on the thinnest point, as opposed to apical, better reflects the anatomic changes in keratoconus.

How to cite this article

Belin MW, Duncan J, Ambrósio R Jr, Gomes JAP. A New Tomographic Method of Staging/Classifying Keratoconus: The ABCD Grading System. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(3):85-93.
Diffuse Sterile Corneal Infiltration: An Unusual Complication Post Collagen Cross-linkage
Authors: Arora Ritu , Dangda Sonal
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Presenting the course of visually disabling corneal infiltration post uneventful collagen cross-linking (CXL) in a 23 years old male with bilateral keratoconus.

Methods

A 23 years old male with bilateral keratoconus underwent cross-linking of left eye with indigenous 0.1% riboflavin dye and 370 nm ultraviolet A irradiation. This patient had an uneventful successful cross-linking performed in right eye 6 months prior with good recovery of vision to LogMAR (6/9 Snellen).

Results

Patient developed diminution of vision, along with redness of eye, photophobia and watering on 3rd day after uneventful cross-linkage. Examination revealed very poor vision; diffuse corneal clouding with multiple superficial stromal infiltrates and incomplete corneal epithelization. A provisional diagnosis of infective keratitis was made, in situ bandage contact lens (BCL) removed and subjected to culture. Intensive fortified topical antibiotics were initiated and steroids withheld. After complete corneal re-epithelization on 6th day, the infiltrations did not decrease in either intensity or number. Response to antibiotics being inadequate, an immune etiology was suspected and full strength topical steroids reinstituted which resulted in slow resolution of infiltration over a 10 weeks period. Last follow-up at 9 months post-CXL, revealed a diffuse stromal haze with unaided visual acuity of LogMAR 0.8 6/36 and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.3 (6/12) with use of a rigid gas permeable lens.

Conclusion

Sterile infiltration post-CXL requiring intense topical steroids is a rare complication of CXL and needs to be differentiated from infective keratitis.

How to cite this article

Bhattacharyya M, Singh K, Mutreja A, Dangda S, Arora R. Diffuse Sterile Corneal Infiltration: An Unusual Complication Post Collagen Cross-linkage. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(3):115-119.
Corneal Collagen Cross-linking in Infective Keratitis
Authors: Ummar Shiji
Published: July 2019

Purpose of review

To summarize the current understanding of effects of cross-linking (CXL) in infective keratitis based on available evidence.

Method of literature search

A PubMed search was conducted with combinations not limited to the following search terms: corneal collagen CXL, riboflavin, ultraviolet A, keratoconus, microbial keratitis, fungal keratitis, bacterial keratitis, Acantha-moeba keratitis. A review of the search results was performed and relevant articles to the topic were included.

Most of the published literature showed promising results in treatment of infectious keratitis by corneal collagen CXL using photoactivated riboflavin as an adjuvant therapy but with questionable efficacy in deep keratitis due to slow-growing organisms.

How to cite this article

Ummar S, Farrag AN. Corneal Collagen Cross-linking in Infective Keratitis. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):13-16.
Implantable Contact Lenses in Keratoconus
Authors: Gupta Suruchi
Published: July 2019

Keratoconus is a progressive inherited disorder with varying economic and social consequences. Varying modalities of visual rehabilitation such as spectacles, contact lenses, surgical treatment in the form of corneal collagen cross-linking to arrest progression, and surface refractive procedures such as photorefractive keratectomy, implantation of phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs), or Intacs have been undertaken with varying results. This review article focuses on the introduction of phakic IOLs/implantable contact lenses in keratoconus. Thorough research was made on PubMed, Google, HINARI, and related sites for all related material, and it was thoroughly studied to draft this article.

How to cite this article

Gupta S. Implantable Contact Lenses in Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):17-20.
Subclinical Keratoconus Detection in Identical Twins
Authors: Ramos Isaac , Guerra Gustavo , Oliveira Vitor Buchmuller de , Ferreira Ivan
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To report clinical keratoconus in only one eye of two identical female twins, along with subclinical disease in the fellow eyes, elaborating on the two-hit hypothesis of ectasia development, which relates to the combination of genetics and the impact of environment.

Methods

Case report and literature review.

Results

Two identical 48-year-old female twins were presented for clinical evaluation. Mild keratoconus was detected in the right eye of twin 1, characterized by classic slit-lamp findings (exacerbated corneal nerves and incomplete Fleisher's ring) and front surface curvature abnormalities, including asymmetry of the inferior–superior curvature at 6 mm (I–S value) of 2.78 D and a grade 1 Topographic Keratoconus Classification pattern. Topographic Keratoconus Classification was possible in the fellow eye of twin 1 (I–S value = 1.22 D) and negative in both eyes of twin 2 (I–S value = −0.46 OD and −0.13 OS). Ambrósio's Relational Thickness for the maximal progression meridian was 209 and 354 in twin 1 and 360 and 392 in twin 2 in the right and left eyes respectively. The final deviation value of the Belin–Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display was 4.54 and 1.47 in twin 1 and 1.7 and 1.35 in twin 2.

Conclusion

Corneal tomography data provide a better representation of corneal genotype in detecting mild, subclinical, or forme fruste keratoconus in the fellow eyes with normal topography of these twins. These cases present high risk or susceptibility for ectasia progression if environmental factors are associated (second hit).

How to cite this article

Guerra G, de Oliveira VB, Ferreira I, Ramos I, Belin MW, Ambrósio R Jr. Subclinical Keratoconus Detection in Identical Twins. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):35-39.
Individual Long-term Visual Stability after MyoRing Treatment of Keratoconus
Authors: Prangl-Grötzl Andreas , Ettl Armin , Hörantner Robert , Daxer Albert
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The article aims to study the individual long-term stability of visual acuity after MyoRing treatment of keratoconus.

Materials and methods

This is a retrospective study of the individual visual acuity development for 5 years after MyoRing implantation for keratoconus.

Results

In no single case did uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity lose one line or more during the first 5 years after MyoRing treatment for keratoconus. Moreover, visual acuity was even further ameliorated in most of the cases until the last follow-up period of 5 years after surgery.

Conclusion

The results indicate that MyoRing placement inside the cornea can achieve both visual rehabilitation and stop of progression of the disease.

How to cite this article

Prangl-Grötzl A, Ettl A, Hörantner R, Daxer A. Individual Long-term Visual Stability after MyoRing Treatment of Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(2):53-56.
Late-onset Post-lasik Ectasia with no Apparent Risk Factor except Eye Rubbing: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Barbara Ramez , Barbara Adel
Published: July 2019

Post-lasik ectasia is the most feared complication following lasik, occurring in majority of cases within 1 year of surgery. Furthermore, it is reported many years after surgery. In this case report, we describe and analyze a post-lasik ectasia case in one eye which was diagnosed after 11 years without any risk factor or apparent reason except eye rubbing.

How to cite this article

Barbara A, Barbara R. Late-onset Post-lasik Ectasia with no Apparent Risk Factor except Eye Rubbing: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(2):85-91.
Treatment Concepts for Restoration of endodontically Treated Teeth: A Survey among General Practitioners, Prosthodontists, and Endodontists in India
Authors: Kavlekar Aditya A
Published: July 2019

Aim

To study the treatment concepts for restoration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) among general practitioners, prosthodontists, and endodontists in India and to compare practices followed by practitioners in India with that of other countries.

Materials and Methods

A questionnaire consisting of 16 multiple choice questions was formulated. It was handed out randomly to general practitioners, prosthodontists, and endodontists at respective national conferences by personal handouts. The questionnaire consisted of 16 multiple choice questions that focused on the treatment philosophies of post-endodontic restoration, materials, and techniques used.

Results

70.7% general practitioners believe that a post reinforces ETT and reduces fracture probability and they placed posts more frequently as compared to prosthodontists and endodontists. 44.6% endodontists believed that ferrule does not increase the fracture resistance. Cast post and cores were preferred by 83.2% endodontists, whereas prefabricated posts were preferred by 78.4% general practitioners. Prosthodontists used cast posts and cores as well as prefabricated posts with relatively same frequency. 70.3% endodontists, 74.1% general practitioners, and 46.3% prosthodontists preferred tapered posts. 76.2% endodontists seal root filling after post space preparation, whereas 77.7% prosthodontists and 79.3% general practitioners do not seal the root filling. 81% prosthodontists and 74.1% general practitioners reported endodontic failure as the most frequent cause of failure, however, 79.2% endodontists reported loss of retention of posts.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the present study, there were differences in knowledge and practices followed in restoration of ETT among the different specialties – prosthodontists, endodontists, and general practitioners studied in India and also when compared to other countries.

How to cite this article

Kavlekar AA, Aras MA, Chitre V. Treatment Concepts for Restoration of endodontically Treated Teeth: A Survey among General Practitioners, Prosthodontists, and Endodontists in India. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(2):129-136.
Are Indian Habits of Cross-legged Sitting and Squatting associated with Anterior Knee Pain?
Authors: Arumugam S , Parikh Tvisha Ketan
Published: July 2019

Aim

To evaluate the association between anterior knee pain (AKP) and traditional Indian habits of cross-legged sitting and squatting which involve deep knee flexion.

Materials and methods

A case control study was carried out in 225 patients and 225 age and sex matched controls at a tertiary care university hospital in South India over 3 years. Males and females between 18 and 55 years were evaluated using a clinical proforma of history and musculoskeletal examination. The details of deep knee flexion habits with quantification of duration were noted and participants were categorized into those who sat and did not sit cross legged, and squatters and nonsquatters. Odds ratios and chi-square tests were calculated for both these categorical variables. A subgroup analysis and stratified analysis were also performed.

Results

The Odds ratios for cross-legged sitting and squatting were not significant at 0.88 and 0.92 respectively. Sixty-nine point three percentage of the AKP cases and 72% of the controls sat cross legged (p = 0.534) and 67.6% of the AKP cases and 69.3% of controls habitually squatted (p = 0.685). Stratified analysis revealed a protective effect of cross legged sitting in AKP cases with quadriceps muscle tightness.

Conclusion

This study did not find an association between AKP and Indian habits of deep knee flexion. More than 65% of all the participants regularly engaged in these habits. Laboratory biomechanical analysis of these positions is suggested in future to understand their effect on knee joint.

Clinical significance

These positions are integral to daily habits of many Indians. The advice to AKP patients to avoid them due to their probable AKP association is not supported by the current study. Clinicians can consider the impact on the patient's quality of life before advising against these positions.

How to cite this article

Parikh TK, Arumugam S. Are Indian Habits of Cross-legged Sitting and Squatting associated with Anterior Knee Pain? J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):1-6.
Spine Aid
Authors: Rai Amarjit S
Published: July 2019

Spine Aid has helped Indian children with scoliosis, educates local surgeons and promotes local centres to perform these complex operations in partnership with Uk based Spinal Surgeons. The study highlights the need for valid outcome data to confirm treatments offered are cost effective.

Dr Rai explores his Indian roots, education, and development of the charity Spine Aid.

How to cite this article

Rai AS. Spine Aid. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(2):53-54.
Blood Conservation in Scoliosis Surgery
Authors: Verma Rajat
Published: July 2019

Spinal deformity correction surgery can result in significant blood loss. Historically, large volumes of allogeneic blood transfusion were used in these patients. There is now an increasing awareness of the need to reduce allogeneic transfusion as there are reported adverse effects. Reducing blood loss during scoliosis surgery is a multipronged approach. This study reviews current strategies to reduce requirements for allogeneic blood transfusion for scoliosis corrective surgery.

How to cite this article

Verma R. Blood Conservation in Scoliosis Surgery. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(2):68-73.
Effect of Calcium Supplements on Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Events: Meta-analysis
Authors: Bolland MJ , Avenell A , Baron JA , Grey A , MacLennan GS , Gamble GD , Reid IR
Published: July 2019

Objective

To investigate whether calcium supplements increase the risk of cardiovascular events.

Design

Patient level and trial level meta-analyses.

Data Sources

Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1966-March 2010), reference lists of meta-analyses of calcium supplements, and two clinical trial registries. Initial searches were carried out in November 2007, with electronic database searches repeated in March 2010.

Study Selection

Eligible studies were randomized, placebo controlled trials of calcium supplements (. 500 mg/day), with 100 or more participants of mean age more than 40 years and study duration more than 1 year. The lead authors of eligible trials supplied data. Cardiovascular outcomes were obtained from self-reports, hospital admissions and death certificates.

Results

Fifteen trials were eligible for inclusion, five with patient level data (8,151 participants, median follow-up 3.6 years, interquartile range 2.7-4.3 years) and 11 with trial level data (11,921 participants, mean duration 4.0 years). In the five studies contributing patient level data, 143 people allocated to calcium had a myocardial infarction compared with 111 allocated to placebo (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.67, p = 0.035). Nonsignificant increases occurred in the incidence of stroke (1.20, 0.96-1.50, p = 0.11), the composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death (1.18, 1.00 to 1.39, p = 0.057), and death (1.09, 0.96-1.23, p = 0.18). The meta-analysis of trial level data showed similar results: 296 people had a myocardial infarction (166 allocated to calcium, 130 to placebo), with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction in those allocated to calcium (pooled relative risk 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.59, p = 0.038).

Conclusion

Calcium supplements (without coadministered vitamin D) are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. As calcium supplements are widely used these modest increases in risk of cardiovascular disease might translate into a large burden of disease in the population. A reassessment of the role of calcium supplements in the management of osteoporosis is warranted.
Oral Presentation VII
Authors: Tominaga Yoshihiro , Okada Manabu , Yamamoto Takayuki , Hiramitsu Takahisa
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

The number of elderly patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been increasing as a result of declining birth rate and aging population in Japan. The safety and effectiveness of surgical treatment in old people with PHPT are still contentious.

METHODS

We retrospectively investigated the characteristics and postoperative course in 55 patients over 70 years of age who underwent parathyroidectomy (PTX) for PHPT at our institution from February 1988 to May 2015.

RESULTS

Forty-four of the 55 patients had comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and so on. In all the cases, PTX was successfully performed and the serum levels of parathyroid hormone and calcium lowered. Neuropsychiatric symptoms also improved in 14 patients after PTX. Except two cases, no severe complication occurred after PTX: one developed aspiration pneumonitis and one needed hemodialysis for acute exacerbation in chronic kidney disease.

CONCLUSION

Active and appropriate application of PTX might contribute to improvements in the activities of daily living and quality of life in elderly patients with PHPT.
Dentistry and US/European Patents
Authors: Ahmed Bijle Mohammed Nadeem , Patil Shankar Gouda
Published: July 2019

Around the world, systems of publication and patenting help ease the tension, but successful navigation of these systems requires a combination of awareness and strategic planning. It is not a simple task for the scientist to strike a balance between publication and protection of discoveries. Patent legislation gives legal protection to new inventions once they have been patented by their owners. A patent is a temporary monopoly granted to the owner in return for disclosure of the invention to the public. This article has provided some insight of US/European patents with regards to dentistry, and will promote a better understanding of the scope and impact of a patent disclosure, and the issued claims in the field of dentistry and medicine as far as US/European patent systems are concerned.
Inversion of multiangular polarimetric measurements over open and coastal ocean waters: a joint retrieval algorithm for aerosol and water-leaving radiance properties
Authors: Gao Meng , Zhai Peng-Wang , Franz Bryan A. , Hu Yongxiang , Knobelspiesse Kirk , Werdell P. Jeremy , Ibrahim Amir , Cairns Brian , Chase Alison
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Ocean color remote sensing is a challenging task over coastal waters
due to the complex optical properties of aerosols and hydrosols. In
order to conduct accurate atmospheric correction, we previously implemented
a joint retrieval algorithm, hereafter referred to as the Multi-Angular Polarimetric Ocean coLor (MAPOL) algorithm,
to obtain the aerosol and water-leaving
signal simultaneously.
The MAPOL algorithm has been validated with synthetic
data generated by a vector radiative transfer model, and good retrieval
performance has been demonstrated in terms of both aerosol and ocean
water optical properties (Gao et al., 2018).
In this work we applied the algorithm to airborne polarimetric
measurements from the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) over both
open and coastal ocean waters acquired in two
field campaigns: the Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research (SABOR) in
2014 and the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study
(NAAMES) in 2015 and 2016. Two different yet related bio-optical
models are designed for ocean water properties. One model aligns with
traditional open ocean water bio-optical models that parameterize the
ocean optical properties in terms of the concentration of chlorophyll a. The other is a generalized bio-optical model for coastal waters
that includes seven free parameters to describe the absorption and
scattering by phytoplankton, colored dissolved organic matter, and
nonalgal particles. The retrieval errors of both aerosol optical
depth and the water-leaving radiance are evaluated. Through the
comparisons with ocean color data products from both in situ
measurements and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(MODIS), and the aerosol product from both the High Spectral
Resolution Lidar (HSRL) and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), the MAPOL algorithm demonstrates both flexibility and accuracy in retrieving
aerosol and water-leaving radiance properties under various aerosol
and ocean water conditions.
Incorporating wind sheltering and sediment heat flux into 1-D models of small boreal lakes: a case study with the Canadian Small Lake Model V2.0
Authors: MacKay Murray D.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Lake models are increasingly being incorporated into global and
regional climate and numerical weather prediction systems. Lakes interact
with their surroundings through flux exchange at their bottom sediments and
with the atmosphere at the surface, and these linkages must be well
represented in fully coupled prognostic systems in order to completely
elucidate the role of lakes in the climate system. In this study schemes for
the inclusion of wind sheltering and sediment heat flux simple enough to be
included in any 1-D lake model are presented. Example
simulations with the Canadian Small Lake Model show improvements in surface-wind-driven mixing and temperature in summer and a reduction of the bias in
the change in heat content under ice compared with a published simulation
based on an earlier version of the model.
Evaluation of Low Impact Development and Nature-Based Solutions
for stormwater management: a fully distributed modelling approach
Authors: Qiu Yangzi , Ichiba Abdellah , Paz Igor Da Silva Rocha , Chen Feihu , Versini Pierre-Antoine , Schertzer Daniel , Tchiguirinskaia Ioulia
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Currently, Low Impact Development (LID) and Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are widely accepted as sustainable approaches for urban stormwater management. However, their complex impacts depend on the urban environmental context as well as the small-scale heterogeneity, which need to be assessed by using the fully distributed hydrological model and high resolution data at small scale. In this paper, a case study (Guyancourt), located in the South-West of Paris, was explored. Three sets of high resolution X-band radar data were applied to investigate the impact of variability of spatial distribution of rainfall. High resolution geographic information has been processed to identify the suitable areas that can be covered by the LID/NBS practices, porous pavement, green roof, and rain garden. These individual practices, as well as the combination of the three, were implemented as scenarios in a fully distributed and physically-based Multi-Hydro model, which takes into consideration the variability of the whole catchment at 10 m scale. The performance of LID/NBS scenarios are analysed with two indicators (total runoff volume and peak discharge reduction), with regards to the hydrological response of the original catchment (baseline scenario). Results are analysed with considering the coupling effect of the variability of spatial distributions of rainfall and land uses. The performance of rain garden scenario is better than scenario of green roof and porous pavement. The most efficient scenario is the combination of the three practices that can reduce total runoff volume up to 51 % and peak discharge up to 53 % in the whole catchment, and the maximum values of the two indictors in three sub-catchments reach to 60 % and 61 % respectively. The results give credence that Multi-Hydro is a promising model for evaluating and quantifying the spatial variability of hydrological responses of LID/NBS practices, because of considering the heterogeneity of spatial distributions of precipitation and land uses. Potentially, it can guide the decision-making process of the design of LID/NBS practices in urban planning.
A new dense 18-year time series of surface water fraction estimates from MODIS for the Mediterranean region
Authors: Li Linlin , Skidmore Andrew , Vrieling Anton , Wang Tiejun
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Detailed knowledge on surface water distribution and its
changes is of high importance for water management and biodiversity
conservation. Landsat-based assessments of surface water, such as the Global
Surface Water (GSW) dataset developed by the European Commission Joint
Research Centre (JRC), may not capture important changes in surface water
during months with considerable cloud cover. This results in large temporal
gaps in the Landsat record that prevent the accurate assessment of surface water
dynamics. Here we show that the frequent global acquisitions by the Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensors can compensate for this
shortcoming, and in addition allow for the examination of surface water changes at fine temporal resolution. To account for water bodies smaller than a MODIS
cell, we developed a global rule-based regression model for estimating the
surface water fraction from a 500 m nadir reflectance product from MODIS
(MCD43A4). The model was trained and evaluated with the GSW monthly water
history dataset. A high estimation accuracy (R2=0.91, RMSE =11.41 %, and MAE =6.39 %) was achieved. We then applied the algorithm to
18 years of MODIS data (2000–2017) to generate a time series of surface
water fraction maps at an 8 d interval for the Mediterranean. From these maps
we derived metrics including the mean annual maximum, the standard deviation, and the seasonality of surface water. The dynamic surface water extent estimates
from MODIS were compared with the results from GSW and water level data
measured in situ or by satellite altimetry, yielding similar temporal
patterns. Our dataset complements surface water products at a fine spatial
resolution by adding more temporal detail, which permits the effective
monitoring and assessment of the seasonal, inter-annual, and long-term
variability of water resources, inclusive of small water bodies.
Observation of the process of snow accumulation on the Antarctic Plateau by time lapse laser scanning
Authors: Picard Ghislain , Arnaud Laurent , Caneill Romain , Lefebvre Eric , Lamare Maxim
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Snow accumulation is the main positive component of the mass balance in Antarctica. In contrast to the major efforts deployed to estimate its overall value on a continental scale – to assess the contribution of the ice sheet to sea level rise – knowledge about the accumulation process itself is relatively poor, although many complex phenomena occur between snowfall and the definitive settling of the snow particles on the snowpack. Here we exploit a dataset of near-daily surface elevation maps recorded over 3 years at Dome C using an automatic laser scanner sampling 40–100 m2 in area. We find that the averaged accumulation is relatively regular over the 3 years at a rate of +8.7 cm yr−1. Despite this overall regularity, the surface changes very frequently (every 3 d on average) due to snow erosion and heterogeneous snow deposition that we call accumulation by “patches”. Most of these patches (60 %–85 %) are ephemeral but can survive a few weeks before being eroded. As a result, the surface is continuously rough (6–8 cm root-mean-square height) featuring meter-scale dunes aligned along the wind and larger, decameter-scale undulations. Additionally, we deduce the age of the snow present at a given time on the surface from elevation time series and find that snow age spans over more than a year. Some of the patches ultimately settle, leading to a heterogeneous internal structure which reflects the surface heterogeneity, with many snowfall events missing at a given point, whilst many others are overrepresented. These findings have important consequences for several research topics including surface mass balance, surface energy budget, photochemistry, snowpack evolution, and the interpretation of the signals archived in ice cores.
Implementation of Community Policing Policy In Creating General Security and Order in The City of Bandung, West Java Province
Authors: Prapto Y. , Suradinata Ermaya , Mulyati Deti , Thahir Irwan
Published: July 2019

The implementation of community policing policies in creating security and public order in the city of Bandung was revealed according to the Von Meter and Von Horn public policy implementation models, there are six variables that shape the relationship between policy and performance. The implementation of the policy must be able to adjust the condition and situation of the object from the implementation of policies adjusted to the dynamics that occur in the field.  There is a finding on the factor that hinders the implementation of community policing policies, including the low quality of the human resources that play the role, inadequate funding resources, lack of community policing policy and the lack of local culture empowerment.  A new concept obtained so that the implementation of community policing policies in realizing security and order in the city of Bandung can be carried out effectively, so the author found the OK PRAPTO Model, which is a normative model that yields result according to ASOCA analysis to enable the implementation of the community policing policy in the city of Bandung.
Response to Daniel Miller, “The Populist Fantasy: American Ethno-Nationalism and the Dysphoria of the Body Politic”
Authors: Rees Kristoffer Michael
Published: July 2019

This response to Daniel Miller’s theoretical-philosophical reflection on the nature of a democratic social body offers a critique anchored in an empirically grounded comparative framework. Incorporating various internationally recognized benchmarks of political freedoms and civil liberties into Miller’s already well-developed analytical framework, which draws substantially on queer theory, provides a potentially stronger normative foundation for the discussion.
Emerging roles and activities of health sciences librarians: A literature review (2004–2014)
Authors: Nair Bindhu , Anand Evelyn
Published: July 2019

The factors like demography, economy and technology have greatly influenced the educational landscape. Librarianship is also impacted deeply with the new market trends such as open source concepts, social media, and digitization and knowledge management initiatives. The purpose of this review was to understand how new or recast job roles have changed visible work activities, tasks and responsibilities. Studies have shown that Medical and Health Sciences programs have begun to take initiatives in order to introduce health information literacy skills into the curriculum; therefore, the role of librarians has moved from beyond routine orientation sessions to curriculum-integrated literacy sessions throughout the academic year. Search for Literature was done in LISTA, Academic Search Complete, Medline, Emerald and Scopus. After systematic review of literature, it was concluded that the profession continue to emerge as the practices changed to satisfy the requirements of our clientele.
الأدوار الجديدة للمفهرسين بالمكتبات الأكاديمية في سلطنة عمان في ضوء التطور المعرفي والتكنولوجي
Authors: البوسعيدي محمد بن خميس بن حمد
Published: July 2019

هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على أراء واتجاهات المفهرسين حول الأدوار الجديدة لخدمات الفهرسة والتصنيف
بالمكتبات الأكاديمية في سلطنة عمان في ضوء التطور المعرفي والتكنولوجي، وما المهارات التي يمتلكونها
والتحديات التي تواجه إجراءات الفهرسة، والاحتياجات التدريبية المستقبلية لتطوير تلك المهارات والكفاءات
لديهم.

واعتمد الباحث في منهجية الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بالاعتماد على الاستبانة لإستقصاء رأي
المفهرسين للتعرف على اتجاهاتهم وارائهم حول موضوع الأدوار الجديدة للمفهرسين بالمكتبات الأكاديمية
في سلطنة عمان في ضوء التطور المعرفي والتكنولوجي.

سلطنة عمان في ضوء التطور المعرفي والتكنولوجي.
وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج، أبرزها: النسبة الاكبر من المفهرسين هم خريجي أقسام
الفهرسة بنسبه ) 83.3 %(، ويشكل غير المهنيون ما نسبته ) 16,7 %(، ولديهم سنوات خبرة كبيرة تفاوتت بين
5 سنوات بنسبة ) 33.3 %(، وأن جميع المفهرسين - 20 سنة بنسبة ) 41.7 %(، تلتها من 1 - الذين سنوات خبرتهم 16
يقومون بفهرسة مصادر المعلومات المطبوعة، تليها الوسائط المتعددة بنسبة ) 58.3 %(، ومن ثم تأتي الكتب
الالكترونية بنسبة ) 20.8 %(، ويقوم المفهرسين بالعديد من المهام في الفهرسة والتصنيف، فمنها الرئيسية
التي تمثلت في القيام بالفهرسة الأصلية لمصادر المعلومات بنسبة ) 79.2 %(، والفهرسة المستنسخة بنسبة
%95.8 (، وتحقيق الأسماء وتقنينها وبناء الملفات الاستنادية بنسبة ) 75 %(، والصيانة والتحديث للفهرس الآلي (
بنسبة ) 79.2 %(، بالاضافة الى المسؤوليات الأخرى من مثل المشاركة من خلال شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي بنسبة
%75 (، وتدريب المستفيدين، والمشاركة في لجان المكتبة بنسبة ) 66.7 %( لكل منهما. بالاضافة الى بعض المهام (
الثانوية مثل القيام بإجراء ونشر البحوث بنسبة ) 41.7 %(، والتعاون مع الجهات الخارجية حول بعض قضايا الفهرسة
بنسبة ) 25 %(، والمشاركة الخارجية ذات العلاقة بالمهنة بنسبة ) 29.2 %(، يمتلك المفهرسين العديد من المهارات
التكنولوجية والمهنية والشخصية، حيث أن الجميع لديهم من المهارات الشخصية مثل: الابداع، الابتكار، المرونة،
القدرة على العمل بروح الفريق، والعديد من المهارات المهنية وتم تقسيمها الى فئتين: مهارات المستوى الأول
وجاءت نتائجها شبة مرتفعة، من مثل: استخدام أدوات الفهرسة الالكترونية، أما مهارات المستوى الثاني فجاءت
منخفضة وهي مهارات مهنية الا أنها تتعلق أكثر بجانب استخدام التكنولوجيا المعلوماتية، وهي المعرفة ب:
حيث جاءت نتائج ضعيفة بنسبة ) 41,7 %( وقليل بنسبة 16,7 %(، وأن لدى المفهرسين ،RDF و ،XML، OAI-PMH
الاستعداد الجيد للقيام بالعديد من الأعمال المتعلقة بخدمات الضبط الببليوجرافي بالتالي لديهم رؤية جيدة
لمستقبل المهنة فكانت معظم الادوار أو المهام التي طرحت تتعلق بالنشر الالكتروني لمصادر المعلومات،
وقام البعض من المفهرسين بتقديم العديد من المبادرات والاسهامات والانشطة، من مثل: وضع مبادرات في
تيسير وتسهيل إجراءات الفهرسة والتصنيف

وفي ضوء هذه النتائج أوصت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات أهمها: أن يعمل المفهرسين على التعلم الذاتي، والتزود بالمهارات والخبرات الضرورية وخاصة في الفهرسة والتصنيف بما تؤهلهم من القيام بعمل الدورات
التدريبية، والتدرب على برامج نظم وتقنية المعلومات ومهارات الحاسب الالي وإدارة قواعد البيانات الالكترونية
عبر الانترنت، والمشاركة من خلال شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي للتسويق بالمهنة وخاصة الفهرسة من خلال
إنشاء صفحات على الفيس بوك خاصة بالفهرسة، بالإضافة الى إنشاء المدونات الالكترونية.
Evaluation of the assessment and management of acute migraines in two Australian metropolitan emergency departments
Authors: Cheng Chris-Tin , Law Gemma Therese Wen Min , Roman Cristina , Tan Gim , Mitra Biswadev
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Migraines are one of the commonest presenting complaints to emergency departments (ED), and may result in prolonged length of stay with symptoms being severe and refractory to typical remedies, such as paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and triptans. The objective of this study was to describe and compare patient demographics, presentation, management and outcomes to hospital discharge between first presenters and patients with a history of migraines in two metropolitan emergency departments in Melbourne, Australia. Given that the assessment and management of patients who have had a prior history of migraines is likely to be substantially different, patients were subgrouped by this exposure variable. Methods: A total of 365 patients were identified retrospectively during the study period of March 2013 – September 2014 that met the inclusion criteria of a headache with no organic cause and/or symptoms consistent with visual or abdominal migraines. Presenting pain scores, assessment, management and disposition were extracted using explicit chart review. Results: The mean age of patients included was 37.8 years and 23.3% were males. Significantly more first presenters were investigated with a CT scan of the brain (34.4% as compared to 22.9% of patients with a prior history of migraine).

Initial management included administration of paracetamol in 178 (48.8%) cases, NSAIDs (mostly ibuprofen and aspirin) in 187 (51.2%) and parenteral dopamine antagonists (e.g. metoclopramide, prochlorperazine and chlorpromazine) in 191 (52.3%) cases. Migraine-specific agents such as triptans were prescribed in 46 (12.6%) and ergots in two (0.5%) cases. Opioids such as morphine or oxycodone were administered in 94 (25.8%) cases. There was no statistical difference in the management of patients with a history of migraines as compared to first presenters, with the exception of the use of intravenous fluids and parenteral dopamine antagonists. The median length of stay in the ED was 4 (inter-quartile range 2–7) hours, with 163 (44.7%) patients admitted to the short-stay unit. A pain score of ≥ 5 was recorded at discharge in 31 (8.5%) patients. Disposition was similar across both groups of patients. Conclusions: Although first presenters seem to be more thoroughly investigated, the acute management of migraine did not differ largely between patients who had a history of migraine compared with first presenters. The management of acute migraine in the ED setting has varied efficacy, suggesting that further research into newer therapeutic options is needed.
Fracture of biphalangeal fifth toe: A diagnostic pitfall in the emergency department
Authors: Turan Adil , Kose Ozkan , Guler Ferhat , Ozyurek Selahattin
Published: July 2019

Biphalangeal toe is a normal anatomic variant where distal and middle phalanges fuse to each other. In the context of trauma, biphalangeal toes may pose a diagnostic challenge and fractures may be interpreted as normal which can lead to misdiagnosis and under treatment. Here, we present a rare case of fracture through a biphalangeal fifth toe with delayed diagnosis. This variation should be kept in mind during the evaluation of a patient with foot trauma and assessment of foot radiographs, particularly in the emergency department where the majority of initial cases are presented.
Implementing the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Qatar: From charity to human rights
Authors: Rodríguez del Pozo Pablo , Barranco-Avilés María del Carmen , Al Ali Khalid , de Asís-Roig Rafael
Published: July 2019

A historically marginalized and overlooked segment of the general population worldwide, persons with disabilities have long struggled with discrimination, inequality and even maltreatment. They have often been treated as societal outcasts and their disabilities treated as medical conditions that need to be “fixed” in order for the individual to join the rest of society. Throughout the last three decades, this approach has been steadily changing towards an inclusive model whereas persons with disabilities are recognized as a protected group of citizens who are due the same complete human rights as the general population. This change has become particularly evident with the United Nation's approval of the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in 2006. However, the strides made by the approval of the CRPD are merely philosophical unless the rights recognized by the Convention can be defended by a court of law. This is where the importance of the ratification of the CRPD by member and observer states comes into focus. By ratifying the treaty in 2008, Qatar committed itself to a number of social and legal obligations. However, implementation of the CRPD in Qatar is dependent on a number of factors including political willingness, the abilities of the CRPD's United Nations Follow-Up Committee, and the capacity to raise awareness among the public in Qatar. This paper looks into the traditional approaches taken towards persons with disabilities, the impact of the CRPD and the challenges faced by Qatar as it looks to implement the CRPD.
Socio-demographic characteristics and outcome of delusional disorders in Qatar
Authors: Al Banna M.A. , Ibrahim M.A.
Published: July 2019

Records of 57 patients with Delusional Disorder were examined retrospectively between 1990-1996 to identify patients who metDSM-III-R criteria for Delusional Disorder. Six patients were excluded from the study because they did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria. Of the remaining 51 patients, 31 patients were followed prospectively for a minimum of four clinical interviews extending over a period of 18 months. Comparisons were made between socio-demographic characteristics and types of delusion and between outcome and types of delusion. No significant difference was found in comparing the socio-demographic variables with types of delusion. But there was a significant difference
when comparing types of delusion with outcome. At the last follow-up, full recovery was achieved in 27.5% , modest improvement in 25.5%, mild improvement in 5.9%, 15.7% were still deluded and 25.5% with unknown outcome because they had lost contact with the services.
Paraneoplastic hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Mubarak A.A.S. , Al Homsi U. , Aldouri M.
Published: July 2019

A 38-year-old female patient, known to have widespread adenocarcinoma of an unknown primary, presented with galactorrhoea and amenorrhoea for a few months. The serum prolactin level was markedly elevated (more than 20-fold the upper normal limit). A pituitary C.T. Scan was normal. Other causes of marked hyperprolactinaemia were excluded.

Ectopic Prolactin production is an interesting phenomenon, only four cases having been reported worldwide(1).

The diagnosis of more cases of ectopic prolactin production may help to explain some aspects of osteoporosis and hypogonadism in patients with internal malignancy.