bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les noces de l'art et de la folie enfantent en politique…
Authors: Janody Patricia
Published: May 2012

Résumé Célébrer la créativité des sujets psychotiques en milieu psychiatrique peut aussi servir de décor à une pratique de chiffrage diagnostique inquestionnée, qui systématise et uniformise la clinique jusqu’à ne plus la mesurer qu’à la seule figure du « schizophrène dangereux ». En revanche, intégrer les limites de la scène propre à toute production artistique implique de réouvrir à chaque fois l’énigme de la folie, y compris de la folie criminelle, telle qu’elle concerne tout sujet parlant.
Expérience clinique et réflexions sur la prescription de nutrition parentérale en unité de soins palliatifs dans un centre de lutte contre le cancer
Authors: Gamblin Vincent , Thorez-Fournier Aurélie , Fournier Vianney , Villet Stéphanie , Da Silva Arlette
Published: May 2012

Résumé Les équipes de soins palliatifs sont régulièrement confrontées à la problématique de la nutrition artificielle chez les patients en fin de vie. Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective monocentrique descriptive afin d’évaluer la conformité des prescriptions de nutrition parentérale dans l’Unité de soins palliatifs du Centre Oscar Lambret au regard des recommandations de la Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le cancer (FNCLCC). Dix-neuf patients ont été inclus sur 135 entrées pendant neuf mois. Pour chacun, nous avons recueilli les renseignements cliniques, les paramètres de la nutrition parentérale, et réalisé un suivi clinique et nutritionnel à quinze jours, un mois et deux mois. Dix-sept patients sont décédés moins de trois mois après l’introduction de la nutrition parentérale, et le suivi n’a pu être mené à son terme devant l’altération massive de l’état général de la plupart des patients. Les prescriptions de nutrition parentérale n’étaient donc pas conformes aux Standards, Options et Recommandations (SOR). Il s’agit cependant d’une décision complexe, qui ne peut se limiter à des recommandations et qui doit être intégrée dans une prise en charge globale et individualisée. Cette étude nous a permis de proposer quelques axes d’amélioration afin d’aider l’équipe de l’unité dans sa démarche.
Symptôme réfractaire, interdisciplinarité et médecine complémentaire
Authors: Butty Anne-Virginie , Reymond Alain-Nicolas , Zulian Gilbert B.
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’approche multidisciplinaire est bien valorisée en médecine palliative ainsi que le recours aux thérapeutiques complémentaires. Face à la survenue de nausées et vomissements réfractaires aux médicaments dans un contexte clinique atypique, le recours à l’hypnose médicale a permis un soulagement efficace des symptômes. De surcroît, un bon confort de vie a pu être obtenu jusqu’au décès d’un patient fortement marqué par les expériences précédemment subies en cours de traitement opioïde et le souvenir d’un père mourant de manière douloureuse.
Le collectif Jeudi noir, de nouveaux activistes urbains ? Entre rupture et continuité dans les formes de militantisme
Authors: Boutillon Juliette , Prévot Maryvonne
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cette contribution est une plongée au sein d’un collectif – Jeudi noir – luttant contre le mal-logement en milieu urbain pour interroger la pertinence des caractéristiques mises en avant par François Dubet à propos des Nouveaux mouvements sociaux, ou de Jacques Ion sur le militantisme « affranchi ». Après avoir analysé les origines, la composition et le fonctionnement du collectif, les auteurs examinent ses principaux répertoires d’action et les liens spécifiques et étroits qu’il entretient avec les médias. C’est sans doute là que réside la nouveauté. Car, même si Jeudi noir s’est distancié du champ partisan, le capital social et militant de certaines de ses « figures », permet toujours, sous certaines conditions, tant une insertion professionnelle dans diverses institutions qu’une accélération de la carrière politique.
Les mouvements sociaux urbains dans les politiques socio-urbaines : le cas du quartier Sainte-Marie à Montréal
Authors: Cloutier Geneviève , Sacco Muriel
Published: May 2012

Résumé Les nouvelles politiques socio-urbaines, territorialisées et plurisectorielles, s’attachent à traiter les quartiers dans lesquels les mouvements sociaux urbains ont initialement mené leur combat et instaurent de nouveaux cadres de transactions et de médiations entre les pouvoirs publics et les acteurs de la société civile. À Montréal, ces mouvements sociaux urbains ont un poids historique important dans la régulation des quartiers populaires depuis les luttes urbaines. À partir des politiques mises en œuvre dans le quartier Sainte-Marie à Montréal, l’enjeu est de préciser l’impact de ces politiques urbaines sur la place dévolue et le répertoire d’actions des mouvements sociaux urbains montréalais. L’article montre que ces politiques publiques contribuent à la reconnaissance, à l’institutionnalisation de ces mouvements et à la transformation de leurs répertoires d’action dans un sens plus collaboratif, mais n’anéantissent pas leur autonomie et leur pouvoir de contestation.
De l'égologie selon La Rochefoucauld
Authors: Tourrette Éric
Published: May 2012

Résumé Les Maximes de La Rochefoucauld offrent des vues pénétrantes sur l’égologie, c’est-à-dire le discours de moi, sur moi, pour moi. Le langage que dépeint le moraliste est obsessionnel, compulsif, inlassablement saturé par le même objet fascinant. C’est aussi un langage centripète, au sens où tous les discours, quel qu’en soit l’enjeu ponctuel, renvoient fondamentalement au même référent : le moi est ainsi contourné et désigné du même mouvement, par le jeu subtil de la métonymie. Au fond, dans ce langage morbide, le prédicat importe moins que le thème : dire du mal de moi, c’est déjà parler de moi, avec une complaisance enamourée. On peut penser que le genre de la maxime est particulièrement adapté à la description du phénomène, puisque par son impersonnalité constitutive, elle évite le reproche virtuel de céder à l’égologie sous prétexte de ladénoncer.
De la nécessité du cadre d'intervention avec les familles dites maltraitantes
Authors: de Becker Emmanuel
Published: May 2012

Résumé Si les professionnels de la Santé Mentale concernés par l’enfance et l’adolescence font offre d’aide et de soins, ils ne peuvent qu’éprouver un malaise quand ils constatent une adresse parentale inappropriée à l’égard des jeunes sujets en mal d’identité et d’identification positive. Il n’est pas toujours aisé, dans ces conditions, d’interroger les positionnements des adultes sans menacer l’alliance thérapeutique incontournable si l’on envisage des modifications dans les fonctionnements individuels et relationnels. Dans la complexité de ces situations, le clinicien gagne en confort de travail et en efficacité s’il bénéficie de quelques points de repères qui délimitent le cadre de son intervention. L’article développe la notion de cadre en lien avec la fonction de tiercéité, essentielle pour se dégager d’une dynamique duelle avec les membres de la famille. Sont alors abordés différents niveaux de cadre d’intervention possible dans la relation thérapeutique avec l’enfant et sa famille évoluant dans un fonctionnement maltraitant.
De la situation monoparentale à la question du tiers
Authors: Noël Raphaële , Cyr Francine
Published: May 2012

Résumé La famille monoparentale, du fait de sa fréquence grandissante, constitue un autre type de famille à côté du modèle de la famille nucléaire. Se pose alors la question du bien-être psychologique de l’enfant et de définir les conditions permettant un bon développement de celui-ci en l’absence plus ou moins relative de l’un des parents. En introduisant la question du tiers et de sa construction intrapsychique, nous proposons un moyen de penser ces situations familiales du point de vue du bien-être émotionnel de l’enfant. L’évaluation de la parentalité psychique au moyen du paradigme de la présence/absence d’un espace tiers dans le rapport à l’enfant nous conduit à différencier une monoparentalité psychique d’une biparentalité psychique, elles-mêmes à différencier de la situation sociale (monoparentalité/biparentalité sociales).
Sous le regard de Kracauer. Socio-anthropologie politique du temps présent
Authors: Vassort Patrick
Published: May 2012

Résumé Depuis quelques années, la France (re)découvre les travaux de Siegfried Kracauer dans une  uvre qui résiste aux classements et aux catégories. Sa vie, comme celle de nombreux intellectuels juifs de la première partie du 20e siècle, est marquée par la situation sociale et politique allemande dont il se saisit. Profondément réceptif aux évolutions urbaines, il observe des images qui lui donnent l'occasion de proposer des « aperçus de l'Allemagne nouvelle ». Sa relation aux réalités sociétales se manifeste au travers de « regards » qui concernent tant l'urbanisation dans sa globalité que l'organisation des loisirs et des divertissements, l'organisation du travail ou la production culturelle au sein de la société capitaliste. Ce texte propose donc deux hypothèses. La première concerne la méthode d'observation et d'énonciation du Kracauer d'avant l'exil. Il est possible que celui-ci vise, contrairement à ce qui est énoncé le plus fréquemment, à la construction d'une totalité, à la compréhension d'une société totale. La seconde hypothèse est que le travail de Kracauer donne des éléments épistémologiques, socio-anthropologiques et politiques permettant l'analyse des sociétés contemporaines.
La compétition partisane française au prisme des priorités électorales
Authors: Brouard Sylvain , Grossman Emiliano , Guinaudeau Isabelle
Published: May 2012

Résumé Sur la base de nouvelles données issues du codage des programmes électoraux français sur la période 1981-2007, cet article propose une lecture originale de la compétition électorale française. Plutôt que de nous concentrer sur l’étude des clivages et des alignements, nous appréhendons le jeu partisan en termes d’attention aux différents enjeux électoraux, en partant de l’hypothèse classique de la propriété d’enjeux ( issue ownership ). Nous le confrontons avec le concept de l’appropriation des enjeux, qui rend mieux compte des dynamiques de la compétition sur enjeux, notamment dans le cas français. Nos résultats illustrent l’intérêt d’analyser la compétition électorale française au prisme des enjeux politisés, esquissent les grandes lignes des dynamiques de compétition sur enjeux entre les partis français et ouvrent de nouvelles pistes de recherche.
La « peinture d'enseigne », catégorie critique et lieu commun de la modernité
Authors: Tillier Bertrand
Published: May 2012

L’enseigne commerciale peinte souffrit longtemps d’une réputation négative et fut assimilée à une image vulgaire, malhabile et grossièrement barbouillée. Dès le milieu du XIX e siècle, alors que la modernité urbaine était décryptée par la littérature, les flâneurs et les historiens de Paris, suivis des poètes et des écrivains, commencèrent à regarder cet objet primitif et barbare avec attention et curiosité, pour écrire son histoire et définir ses qualités visuelles et plastiques. Les critiques d’art se l’approprièrent à leur tour pour en faire une catégorie critique qui servit à juger les excès et les audaces de la peinture moderne de Courbet à Manet, puis des impressionnistes aux synthétistes. Ce retournement symbolique de l’enseigne publicitaire ne sera pas étranger au goût des avant-gardes du début du XX e siècle pour la poétique de la signalétique urbaine.
Émile Souvestre ou la réclame telle qu'elle sera
Authors: Sylvos Françoise
Published: May 2012

Dans Le monde tel qu’il sera (1846), E. Souvestre critique le progrès et, démocrate, les travers de la vie moderne. La quête du profit suppose le développement de la publicité. Le monde tel qu’il sera mime les procédés typographiques de la réclame tout en adoptant une stratégie de distanciation ironique à l’égard des éloges publicitaires. Partagé entre rire et angoisse, le lecteur de l’anticipation envisage un futur dominé par la réclame à la suprématie de laquelle ne peuvent se soustraire ni les institutions publiques, vantées par les slogans de la propagande officielle, ni les productions de l’esprit, devenues marchandises, ni même les êtres humains, cotés comme des bêtes ou des marchandises. Bateleur involontaire ou homme-sandwich qui porte sur lui les signes du discours publicitaire, l’homme du futur constitue une espèce mutante, l’ homo-reclamus .
La femme-Mab : essai de mythologie sandienne
Authors: Le Scanff Yvon
Published: May 2012

La reine Mab est un des rares poèmes de George Sand. Il a paru pour la première fois le 15 décembre 1832 dans les Soirées littéraires de Paris , dans un keepsake publié par les soins de Madame Amable Tastu. Le traitement sandien de la figure de la Reine Mab met en place une configuration thématique qui va structurer, par la suite, dans l’ensemble de l’œuvre romanesque de Sand, un type de représentation spécifique de la féminité que par commodité nous appellerons la « femme-Mab ». À la fois muse et nymphe, profondément ambiguë et ambivalente, cette figure révèle moins l’être de la femme que sa représentation fantasmatique par un regard masculin où la Femme-Mab se trouve être, à la fois et contradictoirement, objet et médiatrice d’un désir illusoire, finalement dénoncé par la vérité du roman.
Population stability of a tree-galling aphid, Baizongia pistaciae, at three spatial scales
Authors: Lamb Robert J. , MacKay Patricia A. , Wool D.
Published: May 2012

The population stability of Baizongia pistaciae (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on its primary host, the tree Pistacia palaestina Boissier (Anachardiaceae), was investigated using 17–20 years of data from a study of gall abundance on individual trees in Israel. Abundance varied by at least an order of magnitude among adjacent trees, among locations, and among years. Stability was quantified for the alternate-year cohorts as population variability (PV) and persistence, at three spatial scales. PV (a proportion between 0 and 1) was similar between cohorts and declined with population scale – subpopulation (a tree): 0.676 ± 0.092 (±1 SD, n = 40); population: 0.581 ± 0.098 (±1 SD, n = 6); region: 0.424 (0.345 and 0.503, n = 2). Persistence (proportion of years that galls were present) was usually near 0.9, but 0.1 for some subpopulations, and 1.0 at the population and regional scales. Although protected within large galls on long-lived trees, the PV of B. pistaciae was similar to that of native, free-living aphid species on more ephemeral herbaceous hosts, but lower than for introduced aphid species. Persistence of B. pistaciae decreased as abundance decreased but not as PV increased. PV did not increase with the length of the study period; and declined with increasing population scale, because abundance was not synchronised among subpopulations or populations. PV was similar among populations, suggesting this parameter is characteristic of the species, although positive correlations between cohorts on a tree showed that PV was affected by the site-specific tree–grass habitats in which this species lives.
The Skin, a Novel Niche for Recirculating B Cells
Authors: Geherin Skye A. , Fintushel Sarah R. , Lee Michael H. , Wilson R. Paul , Patel Reema T. , Alt Carsten , Young Alan J. , Hay John B. , Debes Gudrun F.
Published: May 2012

B cells infiltrate the skin in many chronic inflammatory diseases caused by autoimmunity or infection. Despite potential contribution to disease, skin-associated B cells remain poorly characterized. Using an ovine model of granulomatous skin inflammation, we demonstrate that B cells increase in the skin and skin-draining afferent lymph during inflammation. Surprisingly, skin B cells are a heterogeneous population that is distinct from lymph node B cells, with more large lymphocytes as well as B-1–like B cells that coexpress high levels of IgM and CD11b. Skin B cells have increased MHC class II, CD1, and CD80/86 expression compared with lymph node B cells, suggesting that they are well-suited for T cell activation at the site of inflammation. Furthermore, we show that skin accumulation of B cells and Ab-secreting cells during inflammation increases local Ab titers, which could augment host defense and autoimmunity. Although skin B cells express typical skin-homing receptors, such as E-selectin ligand and α-4 and β-1 integrins, they are unresponsive to ligands for chemokine receptors associated with T cell homing into skin. Instead, skin B cells migrate toward the cutaneously expressed CCR6 ligand CCL20. Our data support a model in which B cells use CCR6-CCL20 to recirculate through the skin, fulfilling a novel role in skin immunity and inflammation.
BLyS-Mediated Modulation of Naive B Cell Subsets Impacts HIV Env-Induced Antibody Responses
Authors: Dosenovic Pia , Soldemo Martina , Scholz Jean L. , O’Dell Sijy , Grasset Emilie K. , Pelletier Nadège , Karlsson Mikael C. I. , Mascola John R. , Wyatt Richard T. , Cancro Michael P. , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B.
Published: May 2012

Neutralizing Abs provide the protective effect of the majority of existing human vaccines. For a prophylactic vaccine against HIV-1, broadly neutralizing Abs targeting conserved epitopes of the viral envelope glycoproteins (Env) are likely required, because the pool of circulating HIV-1 variants is extremely diverse. The failure to efficiently induce broadly neutralizing Abs by vaccination may be due to the use of suboptimal immunogens or immunization regimens, or it may indicate that B cells specific for broadly neutralizing Env determinants are selected against during peripheral checkpoints, either before or after Ag encounter. To investigate whether perturbation of B cell subsets prior to immunization with recombinant Env protein affects the vaccine-induced Ab response in mice, we used B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a cytokine that regulates survival and selection of peripheral B cells. We show that the transient BLyS treatment used in this study substantially affected naive B cell populations; in particular, it resulted in more B cells surviving counter-selection at the transitional stages. We also observed more mature naive B cells, especially marginal zone B cells, in BLyS-treated mice. Intriguingly, provision of excess BLyS prior to immunization led to a consistent improvement in the frequency and potency of HIV-1 Env vaccine-induced neutralizing Ab responses, without increasing the number of Env-specific Ab-secreting cells or the Ab-binding titers measured after boosting. The results presented in this article suggest that an increased understanding of BLyS-regulated processes may help the design of vaccine regimens aimed at eliciting improved neutralizing Ab responses against HIV-1.
The economic divide in outcome following severe head injury
Authors: Dhandapani S , Manju D , Mahapatra A
Published: May 2012

Background: Socioeconomic status is an important determinant of the standard of living and health status of people. Objectives: To assess the influence of economic status on the outcome following severe head injury. Materials and Methods: Adult patients of severe head injury, whose guardians' volunteered information on family income, were enrolled for the study. The family per capita income was then calculated. They were studied prospectively in relation to various factors and followed-up. Results: Among 99 patients, monthly per capita income of Rs. <500, 500-1000, 1000-2000, and >2000 were noted in 20, 43, 22, and 14 patients, respectively. The credibility of information on income was confirmed by positive correlation with patients' mid arm circumference measurements (P<0.001). They were divided into two groups (family monthly per capita income ≤Rs.1000 and >Rs.1000). The comparability of both groups based on age, Glasgow Coma Scale, systemic injury, and surgical intervention was confirmed (P>0.05). Mortality at one month was 49% among patients whose monthly per capita income ≤Rs.1000 compared with 17% of the rest (Odds ratio [OR] 4.0, P=0.003). Unfavorable outcome at three months was noted in 63% of patients whose monthly per capita income ≤Rs.1000, as compared with 35% of those with per capita income >Rs.1000 (OR 4.1, P=0.01). In multivariate analysis, family monthly per capita income ≤Rs.1000 emerged as an independent risk factor for unfavorable outcome at three months (P=0.02). Conclusion: In patients of severe head injury, lower economic status is significantly associated with unfavorable outcome at three months, independent of other factors.
Giant non-traumatic arteriovenous malformation of the scalp
Authors: Hasturk Askin , Erten Fuat , Ayata Tulu
Published: May 2012

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the scalp is an uncommon entity. Its management is difficult because of its high shunt flow, complex vascular anatomy, and possible cosmetic complications. The etiology of scalp AVMs may be spontaneous or traumatic. Clinical symptoms frequently include pulsatile mass, headache, local pain, tinnitus; and less frequently, hemorrhage and necrosis. Selective angiography is the most significant diagnosis method. Surgical excision is especially effective in AVMs and the most frequently used treatment method. In this article, we discussed the clinical features and surgical management of scalp AVMs.
Intra-axial CNS dermoid cyst
Authors: Velho Vernon , Khan Shadma , Agarwal V , Sharma M
Published: May 2012

Intracranial dermoid cysts are rare tumors. They constitute 0.3% of intracranial tumors. These are commonly seen in the midline and sylvian area. Intraaxial lesions are extremely rare. We report the case of a 35-years-old female with a large intraaxial dermoid cyst, which was reported as oligodendroglioma on imaging studies done preoperatively, but was confirmed to be a dermoid cyst intra-operatively and on histopathological examination; thus highlighting a diagnostic dilemma. Patient did well post operatively and there is no recurrence in the one year follow-up. To conclude, dermoid cysts are rare benign tumors, and intraaxial lesions are still rarer. Complete surgical excision may become difficult due to adherence to nerves and vessels.
The Effects of Market Structure and Payment Rate on the Entry of Private Health Plans into the Medicare Market
Authors: Frakt Austin B. , Pizer Steven D. , Feldman Roger
Published: May 2012

Private insurance firms participating in Medicare can offer up to three principal plan types: coordinated care plans (CCPs), prescription drug plans (PDPs), and private fee-for-service (PFFS) plans. Firms can make entry and marketing decisions separately across plan types and geographic regions. In this study, we estimate firm-level models of Medicare private plan entry using data from the years 2007 to 2009. Our models include a measure of market structure and separately identify CCP, PDP, and PFFS entry. We find evidence that entry barriers associated with CCP market concentration affect all three product types. We also find evidence of cross-product competition and common cost or demand factors that make entry with certain product combinations more likely. We predict that the market presence of CCPs and PFFS plans will decrease and that of PDPs will increase in response to payment reductions included in the new health reform law.
Characterisation of sub-micron particle number concentrations and formation events in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa
Authors: Hirsikko A. , Vakkari V. , Tiitta P. , Manninen H. E. , Gagné S. , Laakso H. , Kulmala M. , Mirme A. , Mirme S. , Mabaso D. , Beukes J. P. , Laakso L.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. South Africa holds significant mineral resources, with a substantial fraction of these reserves occurring and being processed in a large geological structure termed the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC). The area is also highly populated by informal, semi-formal and formal residential developments. However, knowledge of air quality and research related to the atmosphere is still very limited in the area. In order to investigate the characteristics and processes affecting sub-micron particle number concentrations and formation events, air ion and aerosol particle size distributions and number concentrations, together with meteorological parameters, trace gases and particulate matter (PM) were measured for over two years at Marikana in the heart of the western BIC. The observations showed that trace gas (i.e. SO2, NOx, CO) and black carbon concentrations were relatively high, but in general within the limits of local air quality standards. The area was characterised by very high condensation sink due to background aerosol particles, PM10 and O3 concentration. The results indicated that high amounts of Aitken and accumulation mode particles originated from domestic burning for heating and cooking in the morning and evening, while during daytime SO2-based nucleation followed by the growth by condensation of vapours from industrial, residential and natural sources was the most probable source for large number concentrations of nucleation and Aitken mode particles. Nucleation event day frequency was extremely high, i.e. 86% of the analysed days, which to the knowledge of the authors is the highest frequency ever reported. The air mass back trajectory and wind direction analyses showed that the secondary particle formation was influenced both by local and regional pollution and vapour sources. Therefore, our observation of the annual cycle and magnitude of the particle formation and growth rates during nucleation events were similar to results previously published for a semi-clean savannah site in South Africa.
Retrieval of MetOp-A/IASI CO profiles and validation with MOZAIC data
Authors: De Wachter E. , Barret B. , Le Flochmoën E. , Pavelin E. , Matricardi M. , Clerbaux C. , Hadji-Lazaro J. , George M. , Hurtmans D. , Coheur P.-F. , Nedelec P. , Cammas J. P.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. The IASI nadir looking thermal infrared sounder onboard MetOp-A enables the monitoring of atmospheric constituents on a global scale. This paper presents a quality assessment of IASI CO profiles retrieved by the two different retrieval algorithms SOFRID and FORLI, by an intercomparison with airborne in-situ CO profiles from the MOZAIC program. A statistical analysis shows a very good agreement between the two retrieval algorithms and smoothed MOZAIC data for the lower troposphere (surface-480 hPa) with correlation coefficients r ~ 0.8, and a good agreement in the upper troposphere (480–225 hPa) with r ~ 0.7. Closer investigation of the temporal variation of the CO profiles at the airports of Frankfurt and Windhoek demonstrates that on the overall a very good agreement is found between the IASI products and smoothed MOZAIC data in terms of seasonal variability. At Frankfurt SOFRID (resp. FORLI) is positively biased by 10.5% (resp. 13.0%) compared to smoothed MOZAIC in the upper (resp. lower) troposphere, and the limited sensitivity of the IASI instrument to the boundary layer when thermal contrast is low is identified. At Windhoek, we find a good reproduction of the impact of the vegetation fires in Southern Africa from July to November by both SOFRID and FORLI, with an overestimation of the CO background values (resp. fire maxima) by SOFRID (resp. FORLI) by 12.8% (resp. ~10%). Profile comparisons at Frankfurt and Windhoek identify a reduced performance of the nighttime retrievals of both products compared to daytime retrievals.
The nitrogen isotope effect of benthic remineralization-nitrification-denitrification coupling in an estuarine environment
Authors: Alkhatib M. , Lehmann M. F. , del Giorgio P. A.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. The nitrogen (N) stable isotopic composition of pore water nitrate and total dissolved N (TDN) was measured in sediments of the St. Lawrence Estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The study area is characterized by gradients in organic matter reactivity, bottom water oxygen concentrations, as well as benthic respiration rates. N isotope effects on the water column associated with the benthic exchange of nitrate (εapp) and TDN (εsed) during benthic nitrification-denitrification coupling were investigated. The sediments were a major sink for nitrate and a source of reduced dissolved N (RDN = DON + NH4+). We observed that both the pore water nitrate and RDN pools were enriched in 15N relative to the water column, with increasing δ15N downcore in the sediments. As in other marine environments, the biological nitrate isotope fractionation of net fixed N loss was barely expressed at the scale of sediment-water exchange, with ϵapp values <3‰. The strongest under-expression (i.e. lowest εapp) of the biological N isotope fractionation was observed at the most oxygenated sites with the least reactive organic matter, indicating that, through their control on the depth of the denitrification zone, bottom water oxygen concentrations and the organic matter reactivity can modulate εapp. For the first time, actual measurements of δ15N of pore water RDN were included in the calculations of εsed. We argue that large fractions of the sea-floor-derived DON are reactive and, hence, involved in the development of the δ15N of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) in the water column. In the St. Lawrence sediments, the combined benthic N transformations yield a flux of 15N-enriched RDN that can significantly elevate εsed above εapp. Calculated εsed values were within the range of 4.6 ± 2‰ and were related to organic matter reactivity and oxygen penetration depth in the sediments. ϵsed reflects the δ15N of the N2 lost from marine sediments and thus best describes the isotopic impact of fixed N loss from sediments on the oceanic fixed N pool. Our mean value for εsed is larger than assumed by earlier work, questioning current ideas with regards to the state of balance of the modern N budget.
The hydrological responses of different land cover types in a re-vegetation catchment area of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Wang S. , Fu B. J. , Gao G. Y. , Zhou J.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. The impact of re-vegetation on soil moisture dynamics was investigated by comparing five land cover types. Soil moisture and temperature variations under grass (Andropogon), subshrub (Artemisia scoparia), shrub (Spiraea pubescens), tree (Robinia pseudoacacia), and crop (Zea mays) vegetation were monitored in an experiment performed during the growing season of 2011. There were more than 10 soil moisture pulses during the period of data collection, and the surface soil moisture of all of the land cover types showed an increasing trend. Corn cover was associated with consistently higher soil moisture readings than the other surfaces. Grass and subshrubs showed an intermediate moisture level, with that of grass being slightly higher than that of subshrub most of the time. Shrubs and trees were characterized by lower soil moisture readings, with the shrub levels consistently being slightly higher than those of the trees. With the exception of the corn land cover type, the average soil temperature showed the same regime as the average moisture content, but exhibiting a downward trend throughout the observation period. Three typical decreasing periods were chosen to compare the differences in water losses. In periods of both relatively lower and higher water soil moisture contents, subshrubs lost the largest amount of water. The daily water loss associated with corn was most variable. The tree and shrub sites presented an intermediate level, with that of tree being slightly higher compared to shrub; the daily water loss trends of these two land cover types were similar and were more stable than those of the other types. The amount of water loss related to the grass land cover type is determined by the initial moisture content. Soil under subshrubs acquired and retained soil moisture resources more efficiently than the other cover types, representing an adaptive vegetation type in this area.
Glacier dynamics over the last quarter of a century at Helheim, Kangerdlugssuaq and 14 other major Greenland outlet glaciers
Authors: Bevan S. L. , Luckman A. J. , Murray T.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. The Greenland ice sheet is experiencing increasing rates of mass loss, the majority of which results from changes in discharge from tidewater glaciers. Both atmospheric and ocean drivers have been implicated in these dynamic changes but understanding the nature of the response has been hampered by the lack of measurements of glacier flow rates predating the recent period of warming. Here, using Landsat-5 data from 1985 onwards, we extend back in time the record of surface velocities and ice-front position for 16 of Greenland's most significant glaciers, and compare these to more recent data from Landsat-7 and SAR. Climate re-analysis and sea-surface temperatures from 1982 show that since 1995 most of Greenland and its surrounding oceans have experienced significant overall warming, and a switch to a warming trend. During the earlier period of climate consistency, major tidewater outlet glaciers around Greenland, including Kangerdlugssuaq and Helheim, were dynamically stable. Since the mid-1990s, glacier discharge has consistently been both greater and more variable, adding weight to the hypothesis that dynamic change is a rapid response to climate forcing. Both air and ocean temperatures in this region are predicted to continue to warm, and will undoubtedly drive further change in outlet glacier discharge.
The Performance of Textile Companies in the North West Zone of Nigeria: the Role of Infrastructure as a Resource
Authors: Gado N.D. , Nmadu T.M.
Published: May 2012

Abstract Textile companies in Nigeria have complained of stifling competition against the backdrop of challenges of declining endogenous and exogenous resources. Using electricity and capacity utilization as proxies, we show that electricity supply is a significant determinant of performance. We recommend, among others, that Public electricity supply to the textile companies should be taken as a state of emergency to ensure that there is uninterrupted power supply. Government at various levels should embark on intensive advocacy for Nigerians to develop a culture of using locally made goods while leading by example.  Opinion molding should be employed both in the public and private sectors.
O Marketing Relacional no Mercado Massivo: Teoria ou Prática Real?
Authors: Wakabayashi José Luis
Published: May 2012

O paradigma do marketing relacional, assim como seus precedentes, foi rapidamente incorporado no lxico e caixa de ferramentas da gerncia de marketing. Junto com o conceito, os tericos tambm elaboraram tcnicas que so essenciais para tornar operativo o emprego do mesmo, sendo a mais importante, o desenvolvimento de um processo de gesto do cliente, e dentro deste o uso e a aplicao da pedra angular do enfoque relacional, o conceito do Valor do Ciclo de Vida do Cliente (Customer Lifetime Vale - CLV), e da ferramenta do valor presente dos fluxos futuros gerados (VAN) por um cliente durante o perodo em que este conserve tal condio, que resulta essencial para tomar decises sobre a estratgia de trabalho com os clientes que permite empresa alcanar e/ou manter vantagem competitiva. A evidncia encontrada leva a sugerir que, no obstante as empresas do setor so proclives a adotar o paradigma do marketing relacional, ainda coexistem com enfoques de conceitos de marketing transacional, isto pela incipiente aplicao do conceito e a tcnica do Valor do Ciclo de Vida do Cliente (CLV) em pases da Amrica Latina como parte do processo de gesto de clientes. A falta de aplicao do mesmo em setores dinmicos como o consumo massivo constitui, em consequncia, um tpico de interesse para a cincia administrativa e particularmente, para a disciplina do marketing; da a inteno do artculo de chamar a ateno sobre este fato. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v11i1.2255
An Omni-Directional Wall-Climbing Microrobot with Magnetic Wheels Directly Integrated with Electromagnetic Micromotors
Authors: Tang Xiaoning , Zhang Dawei , Li Zhenbo , Chen Jiapin
Published: May 2012

This paper presents an omni-directional wall-climbing microrobot with magnetic wheels. The integral design with an actuator and adhesive is realized by integrating stators and rotors of an MEMS-based electromagnetic micromotor with a magnetic wheel. The omni-directional wall-climbing mechanism is designed by a set of steering gears and three standard magnetic wheels. The required torque and magnetic force for microrobot movement are derived by its static analysis. The size of the magnetic wheel is optimized, with consideration of its own design constraints, by ANSOFT and Pro/Engineer simulation so as to reduce unnecessary torque consumption under the same designed load. Related experiments demonstrate that the microrobot (diameter: 26mm; height: 16.4; mass: 7.2g; load capacity: 3g) we have developed has a good wall-climbing ability and flexible mobility, and it can perform visual detection in a ferromagnetic environment.
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Proteins: Implications for Drug Designing
Authors: Siddhanta Soumik , Narayana Chandrabhas
Published: May 2012

In this review article we present a general overview of the recent progress in the newly developing area of the study of protein-ligand interaction by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Since its first observation in 1977, SERS have been fast developing into an analytical tool for trace detection of molecular entities, particularly in the area of bio-molecule sensing and characterization. Also, with the development of the ability to design a variety of plasmonic structures and to be able to control and tune their plasmonic properties, we have been able to use them as SERS substrates for probing complex materials. Here we describe yet another application of SERS, mainly protein-ligand interaction and its future into drug designing. We start with a general description of the SERS phenomenon. Subsequently we discuss the key spectral features of amino acids, peptides and proteins, and their structural aspects that can be elucidated from the SERS spectra. In the final sections we discuss the application of SERS to the study protein-ligand interaction and its potential role in the area of drug designing.
Economics and animal welfare in small animal veterinary practice: the case of genetic welfare problems
Authors: Yeates J
Published: May 2012

Veterinary practice is subject to veterinary surgeons’ professional ethics, which ensure that patients’ welfare is considered paramount and clients’ interests are considered important. The provision of veterinary services is also subject to market forces that can affect transactions between clients and veterinarians. Veterinary markets could encourage or permit welfare harms due to potential market variations, imperfections and limitations, for example where financial constraints limit owners’ willingness to pay for treatment or veterinarians’ abilities to provide pro bono treatment. Consequently, economic factors could lead to potential welfare compromises through animals being undertreated, overtreated or mistreated. Fortunately there are possible solutions to these problems. Some are supplier-driven, for example improved the market functioning through transparency and honesty, strategically disrupting it through co-ordinating clinical standards and protocols or using veterinary authority to influence clients. Others are consumer-driven, for example improving consumer decision-making through the actions of insurance companies.
Evaluation of the benefit of amplification in children fitted with hearing aids
Authors: Lichtig Ida , Couto Maria Inês Vieira , Carvalho Luciana Regina de Lima
Published: May 2012

Introduction: In Brazil, it is rare studies with using deaf children of auditory device above of seven years.

Objective: To investigate the benefit supplied for the amplification in deaf children to 7 years old to 11 years old using auditory device, under the perspective of the proper child and the adults with who it more coexists, and to verify if the time of conviviality of the adults with the child intervenes with their answers.

Method: One is about a clinical and experimental study. They had participated of the study 48 citizens, divided in 4 distinct groups: G1- 12 deaf children; G2- 12 adults with average companionship of 40 weekly hours with the deaf child; G3- 12 adults with average companionship of 20 weekly hours with the deaf child; G4- 12 adults with average companionship of 10 weekly hours with the deaf child. All the children were using of device bilaterally and presented auditory loss of severe or deep degree.

Results: The results indicate damage in the auditory abilities of the children evaluated had to the difficulties faced for them to listen to elements gifts in situations of its daily one. The time of companionship with the child did not have differences in the results between the different groups in agreement.

Conclusion: The viability of the evaluation of the proportionate benefit for the auditory device in children was evidenced clinically on the basis of the information of the family. The device of individual sonorous amplification exerted influence in the auditory abilities of the evaluated children, although the proportionate benefit for its use to be lesser of what the waited one.
Correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry in the diagnosis of hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsils
Authors: Berwig Luana Cristina , da Silva Ana Maria Toniolo , Corrêa Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues , Serpa Eliane Oliveira , Ritzel Rodrigo Agne
Published: May 2012

Introduction: Hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil is one of the main causes of mouth breathing, and accurate diagnosis of this alteration is important for proper therapeutic planning. Therefore, studies have been conducted in order to provide information regarding the procedures that can be used for the diagnosis of pharyngeal obstruction.

Objective: To verify the correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometric examinations in the diagnosis of pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia.

Method: This was a cross-sectional, clinical, experimental, and quantitative study. Fifty-five children took part in this study, 30 girls and 25 boys, aged between 7 and 11 years. The children underwent nasofibropharyngoscopic and cephalometric evaluation to determine the grade of nasopharyngeal obstruction. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient at the 5% significance level was used to verify the correlation between these exams.

Results: In the nasopharyngoscopy evaluation, most children showed grade 2 and 3 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 1. In the cephalometry assessment, most children showed grade 1 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 2. A statistically significant regular positive correlation was observed between the exams.

Conclusion: It was concluded that the evaluation of the pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia could be carried out by fiber optic nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry, as these examinations were regularly correlated. However, it was found that cephalometry tended to underestimate the size of the pharyngeal tonsil relative to nasopharyngoscopy.
Poly(l‐lactide) and Its Cu(II) and Cr(III) Complexes
Authors: Díaz Esperanza , Martínez de Arenaza Inger , Irastorza Ignacio , Ibañez Itsaso
Published: May 2012

The behavior of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) complexes containing copper and chromium both in solution and in solid state was investigated by using viscometry, spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. The formation of these complexes leads to fluctuations in typical parameters such as viscosity and the Huggins and Kraemer constants due to conformational changes experienced by certain macromolecules with donor or acceptor groups in the presence of strongly loaded metallic ions. Crystallization temperatures fell considerably as the metallic complexes were formed; in other words, crystallization and its starting temperature were both reduced, although the complexes exhibited greater thermal stability. This affected the degradation characteristics of PLLA–metal complexes. The stretching vibrations of the ester group shifted to a lower frequency, which indicates the involvement of CO groups in coordination with metal ions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E297–E305, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21277
Consequences of Lethal Intragroup Aggression and Alpha Male Replacement on Intergroup Relations and Home Range Use in Tufted Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus)
Authors: SCARRY CLARA J. , TUJAGUE M. PAULA
Published: May 2012

In conflicts between primate groups, the resource‐holding potential (RHP) of competitors is frequently related to group size or male group size, which can remain relatively constant for long periods of time, promoting stable intergroup dominance relationships. Demographic changes in neighboring groups, however, could introduce uncertainty into existing relationships. Among tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus), dominant male replacement is a relatively infrequent demographic event that can have a profound effect on both the composition and size of the social group. Here, we report such a case and the consequences for home range use and intergroup aggression. Between June 2008 and August 2010, we periodically followed two neighboring groups (Macuco and Rita) in Iguazú National Park, recording daily paths (N = 143) and encounters between the groups (N = 28). We describe the events leading to a change in the male dominance hierarchy in the larger group (Macuco), which resulted in the death or dispersal of all adult males, followed by the succession of a young adult male to the dominant position. This takeover event reduced the numerical advantage in number of males between the two groups, although the ratio of total group sizes remained nearly constant. Following this shift in numerical asymmetry, the degree of escalation of intergroup aggression increased, and we observed reversals in the former intergroup dominance relationship. These changes in behavior during intergroup encounters were associated with changes in the use of overlapping areas. In the 6 months following the takeover, the area of home range overlap doubled, and the formerly dominant group's area of exclusive access was reduced by half. These results suggest that RHPin tufted capuchin monkeys is related to male group size. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of considering rare demographic events in attempts to understand the dynamics of aggression between primate groups. Am. J. Primatol. 74:804‐810, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Curcumin—From Molecule to Biological Function
Authors: Esatbeyoglu Tuba , Huebbe Patricia , Ernst Insa M. A. , Chin Dawn , Wagner Anika E. , Rimbach Gerald
Published: May 2012

Turmeric is traditionally used as a spice and coloring in foods. It is an important ingredient in curry and gives curry powder its characteristic yellow color. As a consequence of its intense yellow color, turmeric, or curcumin (food additive E100), is used as a food coloring (e.g. mustard). Turmeric contains the curcuminoids curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Recently, the health properties (neuroprotection, chemo‐, and cancer prevention) of curcuminoids have gained increasing attention. Curcuminoids induce endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms in the organism and have anti‐inflammatory activity. Curcuminoids influence gene expression as well as epigenetic mechanisms. Synthetic curcumin analogues also exhibit biological activity. This Review describes the development of curcumin from a “traditional” spice and food coloring to a “modern” biological regulator.