bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First DNA Sequencing in Beninese Indigenous Cattle Breeds Captures New Milk Protein Variants
Authors: Vanvanhossou Sèyi Fridaïus Ulrich , Giambra Isabella Jasmin , Yin Tong , Brügemann Kerstin , Dossa Luc Hippolyte , König Sven
Published: October 2021

This study investigated polymorphisms in the milk protein genes CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, CSN3, LALBA, and LGB, and casein haplotypes in Beninese indigenous cattle. Considering 67 animals, DNA sequencing of the genes’ exons, flanking regions and parts of the 5′-upstream regions identified 1058 genetic variants including 731 previously unknown. In addition, four novel milk protein variants were detected, including CSN3K (p.Ala66Val), LALBAF (p.Arg58Trp), LGBB1 (p.Ala134Val) and LGBK (p.Thr92Asnfs*13). CSN3K is caused by a novel SNP (BTA6:85656526C>T, exon 4) whereas LALBAF and LGBB1 are due to rs714688595C>T (exon 1) and rs109625649C>T (exon 4), respectively. Regarding LGBK, a frameshift insertion of one adenine residue at BTA11:103257980 (exon 3) induces a premature translation termination resulting in a 46% reduction of the reference protein sequence. The casein polymorphisms formed five main CSN1S1-CSN2-CSN1S2-CSN3 haplotypes including B-A1-A-B, B-A1-A-A and C-A2-A-B which are predominant in the investigated cattle breeds. Moreover, in silico analyses of polymorphisms within the 5′- and 3′- untranslated regions of all six milk proteins revealed effects on microRNA and transcription factor binding sites. This study suggests a large genetic variation of milk protein genes in Beninese cattle, which should be investigated in further studies for their effects on milk production, including quality and yield traits.
Intraspecific Genetic Variation for Behavioral Isolation Loci in Drosophila
Authors: Pardy Jessica A. , Lahib Samia , Noor Mohamed A. F. , Moehring Amanda J.
Published: October 2021

Behavioral isolation is considered to be the primary mode of species isolation, and the lack of identification of individual genes for behavioral isolation has hindered our ability to address fundamental questions about the process of speciation. One of the major questions that remains about behavioral isolation is whether the genetic basis of isolation between species also varies within a species. Indeed, the extent to which genes for isolation may vary across a population is rarely explored. Here, we bypass the problem of individual gene identification by addressing this question using a quantitative genetic comparison. Using strains from eight different populations of Drosophila simulans, we genetically mapped the genomic regions contributing to behavioral isolation from their closely related sibling species, Drosophila mauritiana. We found extensive variation in the size of contribution of different genomic regions to behavioral isolation among the different strains, in the location of regions contributing to isolation, and in the ability to redetect loci when retesting the same strain.
The Protection of Building Materials of Historical Monuments with Nanoparticle Suspensions
Authors: Pavlakou Efstathia I. , Agrafiotis Anastasios G. , Tsolaki Theokleiti G. , Lemonia Christine , Zouvani Emily , Paraskeva Christakis A. , Koutsoukos Petros G.
Published: October 2021

Marble and limestone have been extensively used as building materials in historical monuments. Environmental, physical, chemical and biological factors contribute to stone deterioration. The rehabilitation of stone damage and the delay of further deterioration is of utmost importance. Inorganic nanoparticles having chemical and crystallographic affinity with building materials is very important for the formation of protective coatings or overlayers. In the present work, we have tested the possibility of treating calcitic materials with suspensions of amorphous calcium carbonate (am-CaCO3, ACC) and amorphous silica (AmSiO2). Pentelic marble (PM) was selected as the test material to validate the efficiency of the nanoparticle suspension treatment towards dissolution in undersaturated solutions and slightly acidic pH (6.50). Suspensions of ACC and AnSiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by spontaneous precipitation from supersaturated solutions and by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) hydrolysis, respectively. The suspensions were quite stable (nine days for ACC and months for AmSiO2). ACC and Am SiO2 particles were deposited on the surface of powdered PM. The rates of dissolution of PM were measured in solutions undersaturated with respect to calcite at a constant pH of 6.50. For specimens treated with ACC and AmSiO2 suspensions, the measured dissolution rates were significantly lower. The extent of the rate of dissolution reduction was higher for AmSiO2 particles on PM. Moreover, application of the nanoparticles on the substrate during their precipitation was most efficient method.
The Role of Ab-Anbars in the Vernacular Architecture of Iran with Emphasis on the Performance of Wind-Catchers in Hot and Dry Climates
Authors: Yousefi Fazeleh , Nocera Francesco
Published: October 2021

Vernacular and traditional Iranian architecture has always acted rationally, harmoniously, and climate-friendly to meet the needs of the people in dealing with the environment. In addition, without harming the environment, they have achieved the best initiatives with the least facilities. For example, we can mention that the Ab-Anbars in arid and desert areas of Iran, which are used to store water in seasons with precipitation for use in the rest of the year, has been an optimal way to use natural resources and provide climate comfort. The Ab-Anbars are realized with ventilated cisterns through openings on their roof or wind-catchers to keep the water cool and provide comfortable conditions for the occupants. In order to study the essential role of natural ventilation and cooling in the Ab-Anbars, thermal analysis with CFD software was carried out to assess the effectiveness of a typical wind-catcher according to different wind directions in Yazd city. The results showed that Ab-Anbars have played an important role in reducing cooling loads and supply the necessary ventilation rate of buildings and can be used in the future for application in contemporary architecture and urban planning.
The Israeli Experience with the “Green Pass” Policy Highlights Issues to Be Considered by Policymakers in Other Countries
Authors: Waitzberg Ruth , Triki Noa , Alroy-Preis Sharon , Lotan Tomer , Shiran Liat , Ash Nachman
Published: October 2021

In the first half of 2021, Israel had been ahead of other countries concerning the speed of its rollout and coverage of COVID-19 vaccinations. During that time, Israel had implemented a vaccine certificate policy, the “Green Pass Policy” (GPP), to reduce virus spread and to allow the safe relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions in a time of great uncertainty. Based on an analysis of GPP regulations and public statements compiled from the Israeli Ministry of Health website, we describe the design and implementation of the GPP. We also look back and discuss lessons learned for countries that are considering a GPP policy, given the current upsurge of the Delta variant as of summer 2021. To reduce equity concerns when introducing a GPP, all population groups should be eligible for the vaccine (contingent on approval from the manufacturer) and have access to it. Alternatively, health authorities can grant temporary certificates based on a negative test. We also highlight the fact that in practice, there will be gaps between the GPP regulations and implementation. While some places might require a GPP without legal need, others will not implement it despite a legal obligation. The GPP regulations should have standardised epidemiological criteria, be implemented gradually, remain flexible, and change according to the epidemiological risks.
Exploratory Analysis of Related Factors with Absenteeism and Presenteeism on Workers: Using the Fourth Korea Working Condition Survey
Authors: Bae Young-Hyeon
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors related to absenteeism and presenteeism in workers and to provide basic evidence to help improve their quality of life and work productivity. Methods: Data from the Fourth Korea working condition survey were analyzed. A stepwise regression model was developed to identify the related factors for exploratory analysis. Results: Absenteeism and subjective risk perception related to work and health conditions were the strongest predictive factors, followed by presenteeism. Fatigue was the strongest predictive factor for presenteeism, followed by a high temperature at the workplace, lower back pain, and other health conditions, in that order. Conclusion: The quality of life and the productivity of workers could be improved by focusing on the factors affecting absenteeism and presenteeism, such as the working environment and health status.
Why Workers Hesitate to Report Their Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms: A Survey at a Korean Semiconductor Company
Authors: Park Jong-Tae , Yoon Jangwhon
Published: October 2021

Underreporting work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) has been an issue in South Korea. The purpose of this survey was to figure out how many employees of a semiconductor and liquid crystal display company in South Korea experience WRMSDs and what the possible obstacles in reporting to the company are. A survey was developed with demographic questions, perceived WRMSD symptoms, and reasons for reporting or not reporting WRMSD. The survey was distributed via the company’s intranet to all employees (24,380) whose employee identification number ended with an odd number. A total of 2862 employees completed the survey and the response rate was 11.7%. A total of 55.2% of respondents had felt at least one musculoskeletal symptom during the past year. More than 40% of workers who had experienced pain or discomfort during the past year thought their symptoms were more than 50%. work-related. More than one-fourth of respondents answered that they did not report their symptoms to the company more than once. The open-ended answers for not reporting WRMSD were categorized into seven common reasons. The reasons for not reporting WRMSD in previous studies show a combination of personal, organizational, socioeconomical, and cultural factors. To encourage and manage WRMSD effectively, seven recommendations of authors are described.
A New Paired Associative Stimulation Protocol with High-Frequency Peripheral Component and High-Intensity 20 Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation—A Pilot Study
Authors: Sathyan Sabin , Tolmacheva Aleksandra , Tugin Sergei , Mäkelä Jyrki P. , Shulga Anastasia , Lioumis Pantelis
Published: October 2021

Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a stimulation technique combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) that can induce plastic changes in the human motor system. A PAS protocol consisting of a high-intensity single TMS pulse given at 100% of stimulator output (SO) and high-frequency 100-Hz PNS train, or “the high-PAS” was designed to promote corticomotoneuronal synapses. Such PAS, applied as a long-term intervention, has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Adding a second TMS pulse, however, rendered this protocol inhibitory. The current study sought for more effective PAS parameters. Here, we added a third TMS pulse, i.e., a 20-Hz rTMS (three pulses at 96% SO) combined with high-frequency PNS (six pulses at 100 Hz). We examined the ability of the proposed stimulation paradigm to induce the potentiation of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in five human subjects and described the safety and tolerability of the new protocol in these subjects. In this study, rTMS alone was used as a control. In addition, we compared the efficacy of the new protocol in five subjects with two PAS protocols consisting of PNS trains of six pulses at 100 Hz combined with (a) single 100% SO TMS pulses (high-PAS) and (b) a 20-Hz rTMS at a lower intensity (three pulses at 120% RMT). The MEPs were measured immediately after, and 30 and 60 min after the stimulation. Although at 0 and 30 min there was no significant difference in the induced MEP potentiation between the new PAS protocol and the rTMS control, the MEP potentiation remained significantly higher at 60 min after the new PAS than after rTMS alone. At 60 min, the new protocol was also more effective than the two other PAS protocols. The new protocol caused strong involuntary twitches in three subjects and, therefore, its further characterization is needed before introducing it for clinical research. Additionally, its mechanism plausibly differs from PAS with high-frequency PNS that has been used in SCI patients.
Detection of Nail Oncometabolite SAICAR in Oral Cancer Patients and Its Molecular Interactions with PKM2 Enzyme
Authors: Patel Rushikesh , Raj Ajay Kumar , Lokhande Kiran Bharat , Almasri Mazen A. , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Almeslet Asma Saleh , Swamy K. Venkateswara , Sarode Gargi S. , Sarode Sachin C. , Patil Shankargouda , Sharma Nilesh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Oncometabolites are known to drive metabolic adaptations in oral cancer. Several oncometabolites are known to be shared between cancer cells and non-cancer cells including microbiotas to modulate the tumor microenvironment. Among potential oncometabolites, succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribose5′-phosphate (SAICAR) supports the growth and invasiveness of cancer cells by pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) enzyme in a glucose starved tumor microenvironment. There is a significant gap that shows the detection of SAICAR in biological samples including nails of oral cancer patients. Metabolite identification of SAICAR was investigated in the nails of oral cancer patients using novel vertical tube gel electrophoresis (VTGE) and LC-HRMS. Further molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) were employed to determine the nature of molecular interactions of SAICAR (CHEBI ID:18319) with PKM2 (PDB ID: 4G1N). Molecular docking of SAICAR (CHEBI ID:18319) was performed against pyruvate kinase M2 (PDB ID: 4G1N). Data suggest the presence of oncometabolite SAICAR in nails of oral cancer. Molecular docking of SAICAR with PKM2 showed appreciable binding affinity (−8.0 kcal/mol) with residues including ASP407, THR405, GLU410, ARG443, GLY321, ARG436, HIS439, LYS266, and TYR466. Furthermore, MDS confirmed the specific binding of SAICAR within the activator site of PKM2 and the stability of SAICAR and PKM2 molecular interactions. In conclusion, SAICAR is a promising oncometabolite biomarker present in the nails of oral cancer patients. A significant activation potential of SAICAR exists with the PKM2 enzyme.
Examining Different Factors in Web-Based Patients’ Decision-Making Process: Systematic Review on Digital Platforms for Clinical Decision Support System
Authors: Shah Adnan Muhammad , Muhammad Wazir , Lee Kangyoon , Naqvi Rizwan Ali
Published: October 2021

(1) Background: The appearance of physician rating websites (PRWs) has raised researchers’ interest in the online healthcare field, particularly how users consume information available on PRWs in terms of online physician reviews and providers’ information in their decision-making process. The aim of this study is to consistently review the early scientific literature related to digital healthcare platforms, summarize key findings and study features, identify literature deficiencies, and suggest digital solutions for future research. (2) Methods: A systematic literature review using key databases was conducted to search published articles between 2010 and 2020 and identified 52 papers that focused on PRWs, different signals in the form of PRWs’ features, the findings of these studies, and peer-reviewed articles. The research features and main findings are reported in tables and figures. (3) Results: The review of 52 papers identified 22 articles for online reputation, 15 for service popularity, 16 for linguistic features, 15 for doctor–patient concordance, 7 for offline reputation, and 11 for trustworthiness signals. Out of 52 studies, 75% used quantitative techniques, 12% employed qualitative techniques, and 13% were mixed-methods investigations. The majority of studies retrieved larger datasets using machine learning techniques (44/52). These studies were mostly conducted in China (38), the United States (9), and Europe (3). The majority of signals were positively related to the clinical outcomes. Few studies used conventional surveys of patient treatment experience (5, 9.61%), and few used panel data (9, 17%). These studies found a high degree of correlation between these signals with clinical outcomes. (4) Conclusions: PRWs contain valuable signals that provide insights into the service quality and patient treatment choice, yet it has not been extensively used for evaluating the quality of care. This study offers implications for researchers to consider digital solutions such as advanced machine learning and data mining techniques to test hypotheses regarding a variety of signals on PRWs for clinical decision-making.
Acute Toxicity and Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Three Volatile Pesticide Additives on the Earthworm—Eisenia fetida
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Zhang Jing , Wu Jingya , Yu Ran , Zhang Yimin , Sun Liwei , Gao Yuexiang
Published: October 2021

Pesticide adjuvants (PAs) are important components of pesticide. Nonetheless, limited information is available regarding their toxic effects on biota in terrestrial ecosystem. In the present study, the mortality, growth inhibition ratio, and avoidance behavior of Eisenia fetida were examined to investigate the ecotoxicological effects of toluene, xylene, and trichloroethylene and further their mixture. The 24 h median lethal concentration (24 h-LC50) of the three PAs were 300.23, 1190.45, and 5332.36 mg/kg, and the 48 h-LC50 values were 221.62, 962.89, and 4522.41 mg/kg, respectively. The mixture exhibited significant synergistic effect on the E. fetida. There was significant growth inhibition on E. fetida by the tested PAs. The avoidance threshold values of E. fetida for the tested PAs were 1100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 5000 mg/kg, and 25% of the mixture, respectively. The results evaluated the toxic effects of the three PAs and their mixture on E. fetida, provided a basis for ecotoxicological risk assessment of PAs in the soil ecosystem.
Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach
Authors: Obasohan Phillips Edomwonyi , Walters Stephen J. , Jacques Richard , Khatab Khaled
Published: October 2021

Background/Purpose: Over the last two decades, malaria has remained a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries leading to high morbidity and mortality among children. Nigeria is the world most burdened malaria endemic nation, contributing more than a quarter of global malaria cases. This study determined the prevalence of malaria among children at 6–59 months in Nigeria, and the effects of individual and contextual factors. Methods: This study utilized data from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) involving a weighted sample size of 10,185 children who were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Given the hierarchical structure of the data set, such that children at Level-1 were nested in communities at Level-2, and nested in states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) at Level-3, multilevel mixed effect logistic regression models were used for the analysis. Results: The proportion of children 6–59 months of age in Nigeria that had malaria fever positive as assessed by RDTs was 35.5% (3418/10,185), (CI: 33.9–37.1). Kebbi State had 77.7%, (CI: 70.2–83.5), which was the highest proportion of 6–59 months who were malaria positive, next in line was Katsina State with 55.5%, (CI: 47.7–63.1). The Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja had the proportion of 29.6%, (CI: 21.6–39.0), malaria positive children of 6–59 months of age. Children between the age of 48 and 59 months were 2.68 times more likely to have malaria fever than children of ages 6–11 months (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI: 2.03–3.54). In addition, children from the rural area (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.75–2.57), were more likely to suffer from malaria infection compared to children from urban area. Conclusion: The study identified some individual and contextual predictors of malaria among children in Nigeria. These factors identified in this study are potential areas that need to be considered for policy designs and implementations toward control and total elimination of malaria-related morbidity and mortality among children in Nigeria.
Therapeutic Alliance: A Comparison Study between Adolescent Patients and Their Therapists
Authors: Gergov Vera , Marttunen Mauri , Lindberg Nina , Lipsanen Jari , Lahti Jari
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the congruence of adolescent- and therapist-rated therapeutic alliance, and to explore which rating or combination of ratings would predict treatment outcome or premature termination. We also studied whether the alliance changes over the course of treatment and if the change is related to the outcome or dropout. This study comprised 58 adolescents clinically referred for psychotherapeutic interventions. The alliance (Working Alliance Inventory, patient/therapist ratings) and treatment outcomes (Beck Depression Inventory, Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure) were measured at baseline and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. The alliance did not change significantly over the course of therapy, but adolescent and therapist ratings did not correlate. Low values in the early assessment of adolescent-rated alliance and discrepancy between the ratings were significant predictors of undesirable treatment outcome. Weak adolescent- or therapist-rated alliance later in treatment and change for the worse in adolescent-rated alliance was associated with treatment dropout. As adolescent-rated alliance predicts treatment outcome better than therapist-rated alliance, therapists should frequently use assessments of therapeutic relationship within the therapy and pay attention if the adolescent feels the alliance is weakening or his/her evaluation is contrary to the therapist’s.
Factors Associated with Smoke-Free Pregnancy among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Women and Their Experience of Quitting Smoking in Pregnancy: A Mixed Method Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rahman Tabassum , Baker Amanda , Gould Gillian , Palazzi Kerrin , Lambkin David , Kennedy Michelle
Published: October 2021

Smoke-free pregnancies have long-term health benefits for mothers and babies. This paper quantitatively examines factors associated with smoke-free pregnancies among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women (hereafter Aboriginal women) and qualitatively explores their smoking cessation (SC) experiences during pregnancy. An Aboriginal-led online cross-sectional study on SC was conducted with Aboriginal women and in partnership with Aboriginal communities, between July and October 2020. The present analysis includes participants who made a pregnancy-related quit attempt (N = 103). Chi-squared tests, logistic regression models, and thematic analysis of free-form text responses were performed. The adjusted odds of having smoke-free pregnancies were 4.54 times higher among participants who used Aboriginal Health Services (AHS) (AOR = 4.54, p-value 0.018). Participants living in urban settings had 67% lower odds of having smoke-free pregnancies compared to their regional/remote counterparts (AOR = 0.33, p-value 0.020). Qualitative data revealed strong motivations to reduce tobacco-related harms to the fetus and variability in quitting experiences at different stages of and across pregnancies. Smoking cessation care (SCC) can support Aboriginal women meaningfully if their quitting experiences are considered in SCC development and implementation. Consistent funding for AHS-led SCC is needed to garner health benefits for Aboriginal peoples. More research into urban versus regional/remote differences in maternal SC is recommended.
New Media Literacy, Health Status, Anxiety, and Preventative Behaviors Related to COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan
Authors: Hung Shih-Chieh , Yang Shu-Ching , Luo Yi-Fang
Published: October 2021

Internet media may exacerbate public confusion and anxiety about COVID-19. New media health literacy (NMHL) is considered to play a protective role against health-related misinformation from the media for individuals to maintain their health. The current study aims to examine the relationship among Taiwanese adults’ NMHL, health status, anxiety, and prevention behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey, and 342 responses were included in the analysis. The survey tools include Health Status, COVID-19-Related New Media Health Literacy, COVID-19 Anxiety, and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors. The research showed that both functional and critical prosuming literacy had positive relationships with health status. Functional consumption literacy had a weak negative correlation with COVID-19 anxiety. Furthermore, critical consumption literacy had a positive relationship with COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Therefore, individuals’ health, anxiety, and prevention behaviors are affected by different aspects of COVID-19-related new media health literacy. Compared to their consuming media literacy, Taiwanese adults have insufficient prosuming media literacy in regard to COVID-19 health issues.
Profile of the Users and the Most Visited Topics of a Pediatric eHealth Website
Authors: Nievas-Soriano Bruno José , Castro-Luna Gracia María , García-Duarte Sonia , González-López María del Carmen , Parrón-Carreño Tesifón
Published: October 2021

Parents need information about their children’s health, and the Internet has become an essential repository for this information. However, there is almost no information about which topics are the most searched, consulted, or shared, or about the main characteristics of pediatric website users. The main aim of this research was to describe the profile of the users of a pediatric website, which topics they searched for, which topics were the most consulted, and which were the most shared. Users’ demographic data were analyzed regarding their use of the Internet to search for information about health. A pediatric website for parents was analyzed. A 26-item questionnaire collected demographical features of the users of the website. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed. Most participants used general search engines for their health searches, and the most searched keywords were prurigo, barking cough, and laryngitis. The most visited topics were unexplained fever, snots, and laryngitis. The most shared were snots, lipotomy, and dizziness. The users were mainly women (67.8%), with an average age of 38.8 years, and one or two children (89%) with a mean age of 4.6 years. The users who mainly used the Internet for health purposes were women of younger age, and with a higher educational level.
Differences in Dietary Habits, Physical Exercise, and Quality of Life between Male and Female Patients with Overweight
Authors: Herrera-Espiñeira Carmen , López-Morales Manuel , Olmedo-Alguacil María Milagrosa , Martínez-Cirre María del Carmen , Lozano-Sánchez Antonia , Cobo-Porcel Inmaculada , Expósito-Ruíz Manuela
Published: October 2021

Overweight can be an additional problem in patients admitted to hospital. Objective: To analyze gender differences in pre-admission dietary habits and physical exercise and in HRQoL at hospital discharge among hospitalized adults with overweight. Methods: Cross-sectional study in non-diabetic patients enrolled in a clinical trial with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg/m2 at admission. Bivariate analyses used Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test for qualitative variables and the Mann–Whitney test for numerical variables. Results: The study included 148 males and 127 females. At admission, women had higher BMI (p = 0.016) than men and a larger percentage consumed drugs for depression (p = 0.030) and anxiety (p = 0.049), and followed a religion-based diet (p = 0.022). Pre-admission, women had healthier habits related to dietary caloric intake (p = 0.009) and greater adherence to recommendations for a healthy diet (p = 0.001). At discharge, women described worse self-perceived health (p = 0.044) and greater pain/discomfort (p = 0.004) in comparison to men. Conclusions: Pre-admission, women had better habits related to a healthy diet and did not differ from men in habits related to physical exercise but had a higher BMI. At discharge, women reported worse self-perceived health and greater pain/discomfort. These differences should be considered for the adequate clinical management of patients with overweight.
Forefoot Deformities in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Mid- to Long-Term Result of Joint-Preserving Surgery in Comparison with Resection Arthroplasty
Authors: Takakubo Yuya , Wanezaki Yoshihiro , Oki Hiroharu , Naganuma Yasushi , Shibuya Junichiro , Honma Ryusuke , Suzuki Akemi , Satake Hiroshi , Takagi Michiaki
Published: October 2021

Background: Joint-preserving surgery for the forefoot has been increasingly performed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We compared joint-preserving surgeries with resection arthroplasty for RA in the forefoot. Methods: Forefoot surgeries were performed on 62 toes in 42 patients with RA (men: 2; women: 40) between 2002 and 2018. Three groups were compared: PP—31 toes treated with joint-preserving surgery involving the modified Mann method for the big toe and offset osteotomy for lesser toes, PR—15 toes treated with joint-preserving surgery for the big toe and resection arthroplasty for lesser toes, and RR—16 toes treated with resection arthroplasty for all the toes. Results: The PP group had significantly higher mean scores on a scale for RA in the foot and ankle at the latest follow-up than the RR group (86 vs. 75 points; p < 0.05). Hallux valgus (angle > 20°) of the big toe at the latest follow-up recurred in 10 (32%), 9 (60%), and 16 (100%) patients in the PP, PR, and RR groups, respectively. A revision surgery was performed in one patient each in the PP and PR groups. Conclusions: Joint-preserving surgery is superior to resection arthroplasty in preventing function loss and the recurrence of hallux valgus.
An Updated Review of the Invasive Aedes albopictus in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus
Authors: Garcia-Rejon Julian E. , Navarro Juan-Carlos , Cigarroa-Toledo Nohemi , Baak-Baak Carlos M.
Published: October 2021

Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is a mosquito native to Southeast Asia. Currently, it has a wide distribution in America, where natural infection with arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance has been reported. In spite of their importance in the transmission of endemic arbovirus, the basic information of parameters affecting their vectorial capacity is poorly investigated. The aim of the work was to update the distribution range of Ae. albopictus in the Americas, review the blood-feeding patterns, and compare the minimum infection rate (MIR) of the Dengue virus (DENV) between studies of vertical and horizontal transmission. The current distribution of Ae. albopictus encompasses 21 countries in the Americas. An extensive review has been conducted for the blood-feeding patterns of Ae. albopictus. The results suggest that the mosquito is capable of feeding on 16 species of mammals and five species of avian. Humans, dogs, and rats are the most common hosts. Eight arboviruses with the potential to infect humans and animals have been isolated in Ae. albopictus. In the United States of America (USA), Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Keystone virus, La Crosse Virus, West Nile virus, and Cache Valley virus were isolated in the Asian mosquito. In Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and Costa Rica, DENV (all serotypes) has been frequently identified in field-caught Ae. albopictus. Overall, the estimated MIR in Ae. albopictus infected with DENV is similar between horizontal (10.95) and vertical transmission (8.28). However, in vertical transmission, there is a difference in the MIR values if the DENV is identified from larvae or adults (males and females emerged from a collection of eggs or larvae). MIR estimated from larvae is 14.04 and MIR estimated in adults is 4.04. In conclusion, it has to be highlighted that Ae. albopictus is an invasive mosquito with wide phenotypic plasticity to adapt to broad and new areas, it is highly efficient to transmit the DENV horizontally and vertically, it can participate in the inter-endemic transmission of the dengue disease, and it can spread zoonotic arboviruses across forest and urban settings.
High Strength Al–La, Al–Ce, and Al–Ni Eutectic Aluminum Alloys Obtained by High-Pressure Torsion
Authors: Rogachev Stanislav O. , Naumova Evgeniya A. , Lukina Eva A. , Zavodov Adrian V. , Khatkevich Vladimir M.
Published: October 2021

A comparative analysis of the effect of high-pressure torsion (HPT) on the microstructure and tensile properties of the Al–10% La, Al–9% Ce, and Al–7% Ni model binary eutectic aluminum alloys is carried out. An HPT of 20-mm diameter specimens in as-cast state was carried out under constrained conditions, at room temperature, pressure P = 6 GPa, and number of turns N = 5. It is shown that the formation of nano- and submicrocrystalline structures and the refinement of eutectic particles in aluminum alloys simultaneously provide a multiple increase in strength while maintaining a high plasticity margin. This combination of properties has been achieved for the first time for severely deformed binary aluminum eutectics. The relationship between the type of eutectic particles, the structure formation process and the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys has been established. The thermal stability of severely deformed aluminum alloys at heating up to 200 °C has been studied.
Polar Phonon Behaviour in Polycrystalline Bi-Doped Strontium Titanate Thin Films
Authors: Tkach Alexander , Okhay Olena , Nuzhnyy Dmitry , Petzelt Jan , Vilarinho Paula M.
Published: October 2021

Strontium titanate-based materials with ferroelectric or relaxor-like properties have drawn vast attention as polar dielectrics for electronics and telecommunications. Here, we study the lattice dynamics in sol–gel-derived Sr1−1.5xBixTiO3 thin films with x = 0.0053 and 0.167, deposited on Al2O3 substrates, using a variable-temperature far-infrared spectroscopy in a transmittance mode. Bi doping, known to induce a low-frequency dielectric relaxation in SrTiO3 (ST) ceramics and films, due to off-centre dopant ion displacements generating electric dipoles, is shown to affect the polar phonon behaviour of thin films. We show that in weakly Bi-doped films, the low-frequency polar TO1 mode softens on cooling but less than in undoped ST. In heavily Bi-doped ST films, this mode displays no significant frequency variation with temperature from 300 to 10 K. The polar phonon behaviour of polycrystalline Bi-doped ST thin films is comparable with that of Bi-doped ST ceramics, which exhibit dielectric relaxations and harden soft-mode behaviour instead of the ferroelectric phase transition.
An FPGA-Based ECU for Remote Reconfiguration in Automotive Systems
Authors: Cho Kwonneung , Kim Jeongeun , Choi Do Young , Yoon Young Hyun , Oh Jung Hwan , Lee Seung Eun
Published: October 2021

Growing interest in intelligent vehicles is leading automotive systems to include numerous electronic control units (ECUs) inside. As a result, efficient implementation and management of automotive systems is gaining importance. Flexible updating and reconfiguration of ECUs is one appropriate strategy for these goals. Software updates to the ECUs are expected to improve performance and bug handling, but there are limitations due to the fixed hardware circuit. By applying hardware-reconfigurable ECUs to the automotive system, patches that are not able to be handled with only software updates are enabled. In this paper, a remotely hardware-reconfigurable ECU for automotive systems is proposed. The proposed ECU is implemented with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and microcontroller unit (MCU) to support in-system reconfiguration (ISR). The communication interface between the FPGA and MCU employs Zipwire communication for high speed and resilient communication. For the Zipwire communication, a Zipwire controller is designed and implemented in the FPGA. The proposed hardware-reconfigurable ECU was successfully implemented, and feasibility was demonstrated.
Evolvable Acoustic Field Generated by a Transducer with 3D-Printed Fresnel Lens
Authors: Wang Danfeng , Lin Pengfei , Chen Zeyu , Fei Chunlong , Qiu Zhihai , Chen Qiang , Sun Xinhao , Wu Yan , Sun Lei
Published: October 2021

Evolvable acoustic fields are considered an effective method for solving technical problems related to fields such as biological imaging, particle manipulation, drug therapy and intervention. However, because of technical difficulties and the limited technology available for realizing flexible adjustments of sound fields, few studies have reported on this aspect in recent years. Herein, we propose a novel solution, using a Fresnel lens-focused ultrasonic transducer for generating excited-signal-dependent acoustic pressure patterns. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to predict the performance of a transducer with a Fresnel lens. The Fresnel lens is printed using 3D additive manufacturing. Normalized intensity maps of the acoustic pressure fields are characterized from the Fresnel lens-focused transducer under various numbers of excited-signal cycles. The results demonstrate that under different cycle excitations, a temporal evolution acoustic intensity can be generated and regulated by an ultrasound transducer with a 3D Fresnel lens. This acoustical pattern control method is not only simple to realize but also has considerable application prospects.
An Optimized SPME-GC-MS Method for Volatile Metabolite Profiling of Different Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Tissues
Authors: Yang Dong-Sik , Lei Zhentian , Bedair Mohamed , Sumner Lloyd W.
Published: October 2021

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and a method optimized to quantitatively and qualitatively measure a large array of volatile metabolites in alfalfa glandular trichomes isolated from stems, trichome-free stems, and leaves as part of a non-targeted metabolomics approach. Major SPME extraction parameters optimized included SPME fiber composition, extraction temperature, and extraction time. The optimized SPME method provided the most chemically diverse coverage of alfalfa volatile and semi-volatile metabolites using a DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber, extraction temperature of 60 °C, and an extraction time of 20 min. Alfalfa SPME-GC-MS profiles were processed using automated peak deconvolution and identification (AMDIS) and quantitative data extraction software (MET-IDEA). A total of 87 trichome, 59 stem, and 99 leaf volatile metabolites were detected after background subtraction which removed contaminants present in ambient air and associated with the fibers and NaOH/EDTA buffer solution containing CaCl2. Thirty-seven volatile metabolites were detected in all samples, while 15 volatile metabolites were uniquely detected only in glandular trichomes, 9 only in stems, and 33 specifically in leaves as tissue specific volatile metabolites. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) of glandular trichomes, stems, and leaves showed that the volatile metabolic profiles obtained from the optimized SPME-GC-MS method clearly differentiated the three tissues (glandular trichomes, stems, and leaves), and the biochemical basis for this differentiation is discussed. Although optimized using plant tissues, the method can be applied to other types of samples including fruits and other foods.
Extraction and Purification of R-Phycoerythrin Alpha Subunit from the Marine Red Algae Pyropia Yezoensis and Its Biological Activities
Authors: Ulagesan Selvakumari , Nam Taek-Jeong , Choi Youn-Hee
Published: October 2021

Phycoerythrin is a major light-harvesting pigment of red algae and cyanobacteria that is widely used as a fluorescent probe or as a colorant in the food and cosmetic industries. In this study, phycoerythrin was extracted from the red algae Pyropia yezoensis and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and various chromatography methods. The purified phycoerythrin was analyzed by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The isolated pigment had the typical spectrum of R-phycoerythrin, with a trimmer state with absorbance maxima at 497, 536, and 565 nm. It was further purified and identified by LC-MS/MS and Mascot search. It showed a 100% sequence similarity with the R-phycoerythrin alpha subunit of Pyropia yezoensis. The molecular mass was 17.97 kDa. The antioxidant activity of the purified R-phycoerythrin alpha subunit was analyzed. It showed significant antioxidant activity in ABTS and FRAP assays and had significant cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells.
Lysozyme-like Protein Produced by Bifidobacterium longum Regulates Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Models
Authors: Du Mingzhu , Xie Xinqiang , Yang Shuanghong , Li Ying , Jiang Tong , Yang Juan , Li Longyan , Huang Yunxiao , Wu Qingping , Chen Wei , Zhang Jumei
Published: October 2021

The extracellular secreted protein of Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the human intestinal microenvironment. However, the mechanism(s) of interaction remain unclear. Lysozyme is a kind of antibacterial peptide. In this study, the amino acid sequence of a lysozyme-like protein of B. longum based on whole-genome data of an isolate from human gut feces was found. We further predicted functional domains from the amino acid sequence, purified the protein, and verified its bioactivity. The growth of some bacteria were significantly delayed by the 020402_LYZ M1 protein. In addition, the gut microbiota was analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and an in vitro fermentation model, and the fluctuations in the gut microbiota under the treatment of 020402_LYZ M1 protein were characterized. The 020402_LYZ M1 protein affected the composition of human gut microbiota significantly, implying that the protein is able to communicate with intestinal microbes as a regulatory factor.
The Essential Oil-Bearing Plants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): An Overview
Authors: Shahin Suzan Marwan , Jaleel Abdul , Alyafei Mohammed Abdul Muhsen
Published: October 2021

Essential Oils (EOs) are expensive hydrocarbons produced exclusively by specific species in the plant kingdom. Their applications have deep roots in traditional herbal medicine, which lacks scientific evidence. Nowadays, more than ever, there is a growing global interest in research-based discoveries that maintain and promote health conditions. Consequently, EOs became a much attractive topic for both research and industry, with revenues reaching billions of dollars annually. In this work, we provide key guidance to all essential oil-bearing plants growing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The comprehensive data were collected following an extensive, up-to-date literature review. The results identified 137 plant species, including indigenous and naturalized ones, in the UAE, citing over 180 published research articles. The general overview included plant botanical names, synonyms, common names (Arabic and English), families and taxonomic authority. The study acts as a baseline and accelerator for research, industry and discoveries in multiple disciplines relying on essential oil-bearing plants.
Broadband and Ultra-Low Threshold Optical Bistability in Guided-Mode Resonance Grating Nanostructures of Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Zhongshuai , Huo Yanyan , Zhao Lina , Yue Qingyang , Jiang Shouzhen , Liang Huawei , Gao Yuanmei , Ning Tingyin
Published: October 2021

We model optical bistability in all-dielectric guide-mode resonance grating (GMR) nanostructures working at quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs). The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible material silicon nitride (SiN) is used for the design of nanostructures and simulations. The ultra-low threshold of input intensity in the feasible nanostructure for nanofabrication is obtained at the level of ~100 W/cm2 driven by quasi-BICs. Additionally, the resonance wavelength in the GMR nanostructure can be widely tuned by incident angles with the slightly changed Q-factor that enables the optical bistable devices to work efficiently over a wide spectrum. The impact of the defects of grating that may be introduced in the fabrication process on the optical properties is discussed, and the tolerance of the defects to the optical performance of the device is confirmed. The results indicate that the GMR nanostructures of broadband and ultra-low threshold optical bistability driven by quasi-BICs are promising in the application of all-optical devices.
Co Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient and Robust Catalyst for Electro-Oxidation of Hydrazine
Authors: Wang Hui , Dong Qing , Lei Lu , Ji Shan , Kannan Palanisamy , Subramanian Palaniappan , Yadav Amar Prasad
Published: October 2021

Structural engineering is an effective methodology for the tailoring of the quantities of active sites in nanostructured materials for fuel cell applications. In the present study, Co nanoparticles were incorporated into the network of 3D nitrogen-doped carbon tubes (Co@NCNTs) that were obtained via the molten-salt synthetic approach at 800 °C. Morphological representation reveals that the Co@NCNTs are encompassed with Co nanoparticles on the surface of the mesoporous walls of the carbon nanotubes, which offers a significant active surface area for electrochemical reactions. The CoNPs/NCNTs-1 (treated with CaCl2) nanomaterial was used as a potential candidate for the electro-oxidation of hydrazine, which improved the response of hydrazine (~8.5 mA) in 1.0 M NaOH, as compared with CoNPs/NCNTs-2 (treated without CaCl2), NCNTs, and the unmodified GCE. Furthermore, the integration of Co helps to improve the conductivity and promote the lower onset electro-oxidation potential (−0.58 V) toward the hydrazine electro-oxidation reaction. In particular, the CoNPs/NCNTs-1 catalysts showed significant catalytic activity and stability performances i.e., the i-t curves showed notable stability when compared with their initial current responses, even after 10 days, which indicates the significant durability of the catalyst materials. This work could present a new approach for the design of efficient electrode materials, which can be used as a favorable candidate for the electro-oxidation of liquid fuels in fuel cell applications.