bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing atmospheric escape through metastable He I triplet lines in 15 exoplanets observed with SPIRou
Authors: Masson Adrien , Vinatier Sandrine , Bézard Bruno , López-Puertas Manuel , Lampón González-Albo Manuel , Debras Florian , Carmona Andres , Klein Baptiste , Artigau Etienne , Dethier William , Pelletier Stefan , Hood Thea , Allart Romain , Bourrier Vincent , Cadieux Charles , Charnay Benjamin , Cowan Nicolas , Delfosse Xavier , Donati Jean-François , Gu Pin-Gao ,   additional authors in description
Published: July 2024

For several years, the metastable helium triplet line has been successfully used as a tracer toprobe atmospheric escape in transiting exoplanets. This absorption in the near-infrared (1083.3 nm) can be observed from the ground using high-resolution spectroscopy, providing new constraints on the mass loss rate and the temperature characterizing the upper atmosphere of close-in exoplanets. This work aims to search for the He triplet signature in fifteen transiting exoplanets, ranging from super-Earths to ultra-hot Jupiters, and observed with SPIRou, a high-resolution (R ∼70 000) near- infrared spectropolarimeter at the CFHT, to bring new constraints or to improve the existing ones regarding atmospheric escape through a homogeneous study. We developed a full data processing and analysis pipeline to correct for the residual telluric and stellar contributions. We then used two different 1D models based on the Parker-wind equations and NLTE radiative transfer to interpret the observational results. We confirm published He triplet detections for HAT-P-11 b, HD 189733 b, and WASP-69 b. We tentatively detect the signature of escaping He in HD 209458 b, GJ 3470 b, and WASP-76 b. We report new constraints on the mass loss rate and temperature for our three detections and set upper limits for the tentative and non-detections. We notably report improved constraints on the mass loss rate and temperature of the escaping gas for TOI-1807 b, and report a non-detection for the debated atmospheric escape in GJ 1214 b. We also conducted the first search for the He signature in GJ 486 b since its discovery and report a non-detection of the He triplet. Finally, we studied the impact of important model assumptions on our retrieved parameters, notably the limitations of 1D models and the influence of the H/He ratio on the derived constraints.
2C/13C and 16O/18O isotopic ratios in Titan’s stratospheric CO2
Authors: Vinatier Sandrine , Bézard Bruno , Mathé Christophe
Published: July 2024

Three oxygen-bearing molecules have been detected in Titan's atmosphere. Carbon monoxide (CO) is the most abundant one witha volume mixing ratio (VMR) of ~50 ppm (e.g. Serigano et al. 2016). Because of its very long chemical lifetime (several millions years) and as it does not condense in Titan's atmosphere, it is well homogenized by atmospheric dynamics. The second most abundant oxygen-bearing molecule is carbon dioxide (CO2) with a VMR of ~15 ppb. It shows a local minimum near 0.1 mbar (~ 250 km altitude) at almost all latitudes (Mathé et al. 2020). Such vertical VMR profile is currently not reproduced by photochemical models. The less abundant oxygen molecule detected in Titan's middle atmosphere is H2O (Cottini et al. 2012) with a VMR smaller than 0.5 ppb at 230 km with no evidence of latitudinal variations.There is currently no consensus regarding the source of oxygen compounds in Titan's atmosphere. The most recent and complete photochemical models, which couple oxygen, nitrogen and hydrocarbon ion and neutral chemistry, incorporate different external sources. An external flux of only OH can lead to the formation of all three oxygenated molecules in the model of Vuitton et al. (2019), while Dobrijevic et al. (2014) explored a possible internal (outgassing of primordial CO from surface) or external sources of O (from Enceladus plumes) and OH/H2O (from micrometeorites). Both type of models roughly reproduce the observed VMR of CO, CO2 and H2O.As studied by Loison et al. (2017), one way to constrain the source of oxygen in Titan's atmosphere is to model measurements of isotopic ratios in oxygenated molecules. Our objectives here are to determine the most accurate 12C/13C and 16O/18O isotopic ratios in CO2 using the entire CIRS dataset acquired between 2004 and 2017 and to investigate potential latitudinal and seasonal variations, which could be linked to potential fractionation processes. We have analyzed 41 limb observations acquired between 2004 and 2017 at all latitudes. Although our work is still in progress, we derive preliminary values of CO2/13CO2 = 50 ± 3 and CO2/C16O18O = 107 ± 6 combining all the 41 datasets. The inferred isotopic ratios are smaller in CO2 than in CO and other carbon-bearing species, suggesting that some fractionation processes occur. We will also discuss the search for latitudinal and seasonal variations.  References : - Cottini et al. 2012. Icarus 220, 855.- Dobrijevic et al. 2014. Icarus 228, 324.- Loison et al. 2017. Icarus 291, 17.- Serigano et al. 2016. ApJ 821, L8.- Mathé et al. 2020. Icarus 344, 113547.- Vuitton et al. 2019. Icarus 324, 120.
Status and future of the BRAMS meteor radio forward scatter network 
Authors: Lamy Hervé , Joachim Balis , Anciaux Michel , Calders Stijn , Calegaro Antoine
Published: July 2024

BRAMS (Belgian RAdio Meteor Stations) is a network using forward scatter of radio waves on ionized meteor trails to detect and study meteoroids. It is made of a dedicated transmitter and of 50 receiving stations located in or near Belgium. The transmitter emits a circularly polarized CW radio wave with no modulation at a frequency of 49.97 MHz. One of the receiving stations is an interferometer using the Jones configuration.In terms of infrastructure, we will present the current status of the network as well as recent and planned upgrades. Since begin of 2024, the transmitted CW power has increased from ~130 W to ~ 350 W. A second interferometer is currently being installed in the North of Belgium.  We also have plans to install a second transmitter emitting at a frequency of 49.971 MHz, which would produce meteor echoes in the audio bandwidth of our current receivers and would then double the number of pairs transmitter-receivers.A summary about methods to reconstruct meteoroid trajectory and speed using BRAMS data will be provided.  The accuracy of the reconstruction is greatly improved when data from the interferometer are available, justifying the installation of the second interferometer in the Limburg region, where many receiving stations already exist.The recent work on trajectory reconstruction has opened possibilities for many scientific applications in the future. These includestudies of meteoroid deceleration (using the fact that speed can be measured at different altitudes along the meteoroid path),
a systematic comparison of BRAMS radio data and optical observations from many networks such as GMN or CAMS-BeNeLux,
the study of the ionization profile along the meteoroid path since each receiving station samples a different region along the meteoroid path,
the determination of MLT wind speeds using a forward scatter system.
All these applications will be shortly discussed, trying to emphasize specificities that can be brought by a forward scatter system such as BRAMS.
Large photometric database and application to asteroid data from multiple space- and ground-based surveys
Authors: Colazo Milagros , Oszkiewicz Dagmara , Bartczak Przemyslaw
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, we are experiencing a revolution in astronomical surveys. Thanks to ground-based and orbiting telescopes, millions of observations of asteroids in various photometric filters are available. One way to take full advantage of the vast amount of data from different telescopes is to merge the databases that each one generates. The main challenge in combining these data sets involves processing information with distinct properties (for example, different random and systematic errors, some non-Gaussian, different filters, or observation conditions).Our project aims to create tools to handle large volumes of data, allowing their efficient reading, processing, and analysis. In addition, we will employ several models with different levels of complexity to investigate whether more advanced techniques lead to a reduction in the uncertainties of the phase curve parameters or in determining them more accurately. The ultimate goal of this project is to derive phase curve parameters corrected for shape and viewing geometry for a considerable number of asteroids. For the first time, this will allow the use of surface scattering properties statistically to address significant challenges in planetary science.  From this extensive database, we present initial estimates of the parameters of the phase curves. In addition, our large sample size allows us to perform a preliminary statistical analysis of the obtained parameters.
Lunar rotation and tides with Same-Beam Interferometry: Results of numerical simulations
Authors: Goli Marta , Le Maistre Sébastien
Published: July 2024

In recent years, a rapidly increasing number of missions have targeted the Moon, with the number expected to increase even more in the near future, presenting an unprecedented amount of flight opportunities for science payloads. Furthermore, lunar Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) networks that would support this rapidly increasing number of missions are in development by space agencies. Together, they present exciting opportunities for multi-lander radio science experiments by utilizing either dedicated payloads or the built-in spacecraft communications systems. Up to date, the principal source of data on lunar tides, orientation and ephemeris has been Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), which utilizes retroreflectors left on the surface of the Moon by the Apollo and Luna missions, and which provides several decades of data, with centimeter-level precision achieved in the recent years. An alternative technique called Same-Beam Interferometry (SBI) has been proposed for the Moon in Bender 1994, and later explored in Gregnanin et al. 2012. Here, we take their research further and investigate the possibility of measuring the lunar orientation and tides using SBI observations for various mission configurations, reflecting the proposed future lunar missions. We discuss the relationship between the rotation and tides of the Moon and its interior and evolution models. We conduct numerical simulations to identify the limitations of this and other radiometric techniques, and identify the mission requirements and optimal architectures and locations. We compare our results to those obtained by LLR and spacecraft data, as well as to the expected performance of the recently-proposed Differential Lunar Laser Ranging (DLLR) (Zhang et al. 2023). Finally, we investigate the possibility of using the ROB's LaRa instrument and its future iterations for lunar radio science.References:Bender, P. L. (1994). “Proposed microwave transponders for early lunar robotic landers”. In: Advances in Space Research 14.Gregnanin, M. et al. (2012). “Same beam interferometry as a tool for the investigation of the lunar interior”. In: Planetary and Space Science 74.Zhang, M. et al. (2024). “Advantages of combining Lunar Laser Ranging and Differential Lunar Laser Ranging”. In: Astronomy & Astrophysics 681. 
Short communication: Inverse correlation between radiation damage and fission-track etching time on monazite
Authors: Nakajima Toru , Fukuda Shoma , Sueoka Shigeru , Niki Sota , Kawakami Tetsuo , Danhara Tohru , Tagami Takahiro
Published: July 2024

Abstract. In this study, we explored the impacts of radiation damage and chemical composition on the etching time of fission tracks in monazite. Despite the potential of monazite fission-track (MFT) dating as an ultralow-temperature thermochronology, the comprehensive effects of radiation damage and non-formula elements, especially on the etching rate of MFTs, remain unexplored, and established analytical procedures are lacking. We quantified the degree of radiation damage (ΔFHWM) in Cretaceous to Quaternary monazites distributed in the Japan arc through Raman spectroscopy and chemical composition analyses. Subsequently, MFT etching was performed to examine the correlation between these parameters and the etching time. Estimation of the degree of radiation damage showed an increase in radiation damage corresponding to the cooling age of each geological unit. For example, the Toya ignimbrite (ca. 0.1 Ma) and the Kurobegawa granodiorite (< 0.8 Ma), both of which are types of monazite from Quaternary geological units, have ΔFHWM values of 0.27 and 0.55 cm−1, respectively. In contrast, the Muro ignimbrite (ca. 15 Ma) has a ΔFHWM value of 4.01 cm−1, while the Kibe granite and the Sagawa granite, both of which are Cretaceous granitoids, yielded 7.35 and 6.31 cm−1, respectively. MFT etching of these samples according to the existing recipe (6 M HCl at 90 °C for 60–90 min) was completed at 1200, 860, 210, 120, and 90 min for the Toya ignimbrite, Kurobegawa granodiorite, Muro ignimbrite, Sagawa granite, and Kibe granite, respectively. These outcomes highlight an inverse relationship between MFT etching time and the degree of radiation damage in monazite, while the correlation between MFT etching time and chemical composition was unclear. The results affirm earlier considerations that the etching rate of MFTs is strongly influenced by radiation damage. Conversely, young samples with lower levels of radiation damage exhibit higher chemical resistance, suggesting that existing etching recipes may not adequately etch MFTs.
Selecting and weighting dynamical models using data-driven approaches
Authors: Le Bras Pierre , Sévellec Florian , Tandeo Pierre , Ruiz Juan , Ailliot Pierre
Published: July 2024

Abstract. In geosciences, multi-model ensembles are helpful to explore the robustness of a range of results. To obtain a synthetic and improved representation of the studied dynamic system, the models are usually weighted. The simplest method, namely the model democracy, gives equal weights to all models, while more advanced approaches base weights on agreement with available observations. Here, we focus on determining weights for various versions of an idealized model of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. This is done by assessing their performance against synthetic observations (generated from one of the model versions) within a data assimilation framework using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). In contrast to traditional data assimilation, we implement data-driven forecasts using the analog method based on catalogs of short-term trajectories. This approach allows us to efficiently emulate the model's dynamics while keeping computational costs low. For each model version, we compute a local performance metric, known as the contextual model evidence, to compare observations and model forecasts. This metric, based on the innovation likelihood, is sensitive to differences in model dynamics and considers forecast and observation uncertainties. Finally, the weights are calculated using both model performance and model co-dependency and then evaluated on averages of long-term simulations. Results show good performance in identifying numerical simulations that best replicate observed short-term variations. Additionally, it outperforms benchmark approaches such as strategies based on model democracy or climatology when reconstructing missing distributions. These findings encourage the application of the proposed methodology to more complex datasets in the future, like climate simulations.
Suitability of the CICE sea ice model for seasonal prediction and positive impact of CryoSat-2 ice thickness initialization
Authors: Sun Shan , Solomon Amy
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The Los Alamos Community Ice CodE (CICE) sea ice model is being tested in standalone mode to identify biases that limit its suitability for seasonal prediction, where it is driven by atmospheric forcings from the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and a built-in mixed-layer ocean model in CICE. The initial conditions for the sea ice and mixed-layer ocean are also from CFSR in the control experiments. The simulated sea ice extent agrees well with observations during the warm season at all lead times up to 12 months, in both the Arctic and the Antarctic. This suggests that CICE is able to provide useful sea ice edge information for seasonal prediction. However, the model's initial conditions have ice that is too thick in the Beaufort Sea, resulting in excessive ice extent in the Arctic at 6-month lead forecasts and errors in ice volume at all lead times when compared to available observations. To address this limitation, additional CS2_IC experiments were conducted, where the Arctic ice thickness was initialized using CryoSat-2 satellite observations while keeping all other initial fields the same as in the control experiments. This reduced the positive bias in the ice thickness in the initial conditions, leading to improvements in both the simulated ice edge and the ice thickness at the seasonal timescale. This indicates that CICE has the potential to improve its seasonal forecast skill and provide more accurate predictions of sea ice extent and thickness when initialized with a more realistic sea ice thickness. This study highlights that the suitability of CICE for seasonal prediction depends on various factors, including initial conditions such as sea ice thickness, in addition to sea ice coverage, as well as oceanic and atmospheric conditions.
XV-XVI. Yüzyıllarda Tırhala Şehrindeki Vakıflar Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Kul Muhittin
Published: July 2024

İslam toplumunun en önemli kurumsal yapılarından olan vakıflar yüzyıllardır Müslümanların hayra yönelmesinde etkin bir vasıta olarak var olagelmişlerdir. Vakıflar, şehirlerin mütemeddin bir vaziyet kazanması, halkın ihtiyaçlarının giderilmesi, yöneten ve yönetilen arasındaki bağın kuvvetlenmesi gibi idari, iktisadi, sosyal birçok yönden medeniyete katkıda bulunmaktadır. Kendinden önce ve kendi döneminde ki birçok İslam devleti gibi Osmanlılar da üç kıtada hükmü altına aldıkları bölgelerde vakıf kurumu ile sayısız eser inşa etmişler, maddi ve manevi inkişafı gerçekleştirip hayra vesile olmuşlardır. Bu minvalde 1395 tarihinde Osmanlılar tarafından fethedilen Tırhala şehrinin de, Osmanlı Devletinin birçok farklı bölgesinde olduğu gibi, inkişafında da vakıfların etkisi oldukça yüksektir. Bu amaçla, yapılan bu çalışmada, XVI. yüzyıla kadar Tırhala şehrinde bulunan vakıfların, özellikleri ve şehre katkıları değerlendirilmiştir. Fethinden XVII. yüzyıla kadar 200 yıldan fazla bir sürede Tırhala şehrinde kurulan onlarca vakıf, şehrin çehresini değiştirmiştir. Başlangıçta gayrimüslimlerden müteşekkil şehir yapısı Müslümanların yerleşimi ve kurdukları vakıflar aracılığıyla hızlı bir şekilde Türk-İslam şehri özelliğine kavuşmuştur.
Keban ve Ergani Ma‘âdin-i Hümâyûn Emini Yeğen Mehmed Efendi nin Muhallefâtı
Authors: Fidan Fadimana
Published: July 2024

Osmanlı Devleti altın, gümüş ve bakır cevherlerinin üretildiği Keban ve Ergani madenlerini 18. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde Ma‘âdin-i Hümâyûn Emâneti adıyla bir araya getirdi ve bu emânetin bir emin tarafından idare edilmesine karar verdi. 1778’de ve 1780-1783 yılları arasında Ma‘âdin-i Hümâyûn eminlerinden biri de Yeğen Mehmed Efendi’ydi. Yeğen Mehmed Efendi bu görevi sırasında Keban’da ikamet etti. Ölümünden sonra Keban, Ergani ve Tokat’taki malları müsâdere edilerek muhallefât defteri düzenlendi. Muhallefât defterinden Yeğen Mehmed Efendi’nin giyim, ev eşyaları, silah ve binit takımları, maden işlerinin bir yansıması olarak bakır işlemleri ile alacak konusu hakkında bilgi edinilmektedir. Buradan hareketle çalışma Ma‘âdin-i Hümâyûn Emini Yeğen Mehmed Efendi’nin tespit edilen iş hayatı hakkında bilgi vermeye, sahip olduğu eşyalar merkezinde devleti temsil etmede hangi unsurlardan yararlandığı üzerine yorum getirmeye ve bu suretle bir maden eminini yakından tanımaya çalışmaktadır.
High-stakes Recordkeeping and Relationality: Conversations from the Sex Work Activist Histories Project
Authors: Allard Danielle , Ferris Shawna , Lebovich Amy , Clamen Jenn , Hughes Micheline
Published: July 2024

The Sex Work Activist Histories Project (SWAHP) is an interdisciplinary research and recordkeeping initiative to record and disseminate the radical knowledges, activist expertise, and important social movement histories created by activists connected to the Canadian sex worker rights movement. This paper explores how stakeholders of SWAHP work together ethically, and maintain good relations with each other when engaging in what we call high-stakes recordkeeping. Our discussions consider both the divergences or differences between academic and non-academic project partners, our convergence or common ground, and the bridges we have built between academic and non-academic concerns and practices to establish and develop methodologies and practices that inform SWAHP’s ongoing collaborations and sex-work activist histories, archives, and related activisms. We consider how to be mutually accountable to our varied and complex analytical and affective positionalities in the specific context of working ethically and relationally in high-stakes recordkeeping. We conclude by considering the relevance of these lessons to other contexts of community-led archiving and research. This paper is a lightly edited transcript of the speaker notes from a 2021 CAIS/ACSI (Allard, Ferris, Lebovitch, Clamen, and Hughes, 2021) panel presentation. Project partners are identified individually in their article sections to share, highlight, and preserve what is unique about each project partners’ perspective and voice, and to make explicit how we work together.
Computed-tomography assessment of the lumbar spine body/canal index and review of the literature
Authors: Teran-Garza Rodrigo ,   Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, México, Guzman-Lopez Santos , Aguilar-Morales Kouatzin , Garcia-Gutierrez Yehuda Jesus , Pinales-Razo Ricardo , Vilchez-Cavazos José Félix , Quiroga-Garza Alejandro , Martinez-Garza Javier Humberto , Gutierrez-de la O Jorge , Elizondo-Omaña Rodrigo Enrique ,   Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, México,   Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Monterrey, México,   Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Monterrey, México,   Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Monterrey, México,   Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, México,   Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, México,   Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, México,   Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, México
Published: July 2024

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) involves narrowing of the lumbar spinal space due to various factors. Torg-Pavlov Index measures predict LSS. The objective was to define the mean characteristics of the lumbar spine body/canal index in a Hispanic population stratified by age and sex. A retrospective, observational, transverse, and descriptive study was performed. Imaging studies included consecutive bone window full abdominal CT scans, in adult patients (≥18 years), without evidence of bone disease, musculoskeletal pathology, or traumatic event and a fully visible lumbar spine (L1-L5). The anteroposterior diameter (APD) and midsagittal diameter (MSD) of each vertebral level were measured using the Carestream image reformatting program at each lumbar vertebral level from L1 to L5 of the CT scan. A total of 400 CTs of subjects with a mean age of 47.7±14.8 (range 18-80 years) were evaluated, of which 59.3% (n 237/400) were women. The presence of a ≤0.5 body/canal index was 31.6% (n 126). The MSD/APD lumbar index did not differ significantly between age groups in any of the vertebrae. However, there was a tendency to decrease with age. An mean index higher than 0.5 was the mean found in the patients evaluated where there was no previous data of spinal cord involvement. This study provides an accurate description of the normal morphometric parameters of the lumbar body/canal ratio in a Mexican population to assess clinical scenarios of lumbar spinal stenosis. Few studies evaluate the use of cut-off points to define an LSS.
Enhanced visualization of articular cartilage chondroprogenitor-derived extracellular vesicles using cytospin centrifugation for confocal imaging
Authors: Vinod Elizabeth ,   Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. Centre for Stem Cell Research, (A unit of InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, Parasuraman Ganesh , Amirtham Soosai M. , Rani Sandya , Livingston Abel , Sathishkumar Solomon ,   Centre for Stem Cell Research, (A unit of InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India,   Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India,   Centre for Stem Cell Research, (A unit of InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India,   Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India,   Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
Published: July 2024

Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) poses a challenge due to their complex composition and small size. Efforts to visualize fluorescently labeled EVs post-isolation with confocal microscopy encounter a significant obstacle in congregating the isolates on slides. While cytospin is a well-established method for cells, its application with EVs remains unexplored. This study aimed to isolate EVs and evaluate the efficiency of cytospin preparation to enhance their visualization using confocal microscopy. Following informed consent, cartilage shavings from a non-diseased human tibiofemoral joint were digested to obtain cartilage-resident chondroprogenitors through a migratory-assay (MCP). The MCPs were characterized for MSC markers (positive: CD105, CD73, CD90; negative: HLA-DR, CD34, CD45) using FACS. The conditioned medium was utilized to isolate EVs using the cutoff filter and precipitation technique, and their confirmation for transmembrane markers CD63 and CD81 was performed via FACS. Subsequently, the isolated EVs were subjected to confocal microscopy with and without (control) cytospin preparation. The MCPs exhibited high expression of positive and low expression of negative MSC markers. The study effectively employed cytospin centrifugation and confocal imaging to robustly identify EVs isolated from MCPs. Fluorescently labeled with CD63 and CD81 markers, the EVs isolated using cytospin centrifugation were concentrated on glass slides, and compared to control slides; the experimental setup facilitated a 100 times concentration of EVs, thereby enabling easy identification. Confocal analysis confirmed positive expressions of CD63 and CD81, aligning with FACS results. This study introduces a novel approach that enhances the visualization of MCP-derived EVs using cytospin centrifugation.
Investigating the volume of hippocampus and corpus callosum in Iranian multiple sclerosis patients using magnetic resonance imaging: a retrospective study
Authors: Reza Soltani ,   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Fakhroddin Aghajanpour , Abolfazl Torabi , Azar Afshar , Masoumeh Kolivand , Nejad Ali Dehghani , Mahdiyeh Movassaghi , Ibrahim Mohammadzadeh , Kaedi Hossein ,   Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,   Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,   Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,   Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,   Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,   Master student of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran,   Skull Base Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,   Department of Radiology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: July 2024

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common forms of the acquired autoimmune demyelinating disorder affecting the brain. The neurological symptoms of MS are often presented in a relapsing-remitting manner. This study aims to investigate volume changes in the hippocampus and Corpus Callosum (CC). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 MS patients, 100 males and 100 females, aged 20-56 years. According to McDonald’s 2017 criteria,100 patients were in the MS group, and 100 were in the control group. This study assessed volume changes in the hippocampus and CC with ITK-SNAP 4.0 software. Our study revealed that the volumes of the right Hippocampus (P<0.0001), left Hippocampus (P<0.05), and corpus callosum (P<0.001), were significantly decreased in MS group compared to control group, regardless of the sex of the patients. Additionally, our results showed that the volume of these three areas has no significant difference with the age of MS patients. This research shows that some brain regions, including the hippocampus and corpus callosum, can be essential landmarks in determining MS disease.
Sensory nerve formations in the myodural bridge complex of adult humans
Authors: Esteban-Marín Ruth ,   Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Spain. Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, SINPOS Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain, García-Mesa Yolanda , Cuendias Patricia , García-Suárez Olivia , Franco-Sierra María A. , Herrero Pablo , Marcén-Román Yolanda , Vega José A. ,   Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, SINPOS Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain,   Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, SINPOS Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain,   Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, SINPOS Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain,   Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Spain,   Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Spain,   Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Spain,   Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, SINPOS Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain. Faculty of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Chile, Providencia - Santiago, Chile
Published: July 2024

The myodural bridge complex (MDBC) consists of connective tissue bands connecting the spinal dura mater to the suboccipital muscles passing throughout the posterior atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial spaces. It is a universal evolutionarily conserved anatomical structure present in most vertebrate species including humans. Its physiology is unknown, but it is thought that it may be related to cerebrospinal fluid circulation. On the other hand, there is no information about the possible innervation of MDBC in humans. In the present study, immunohistochemistry (S100 protein and neurofilament proteins) was used to study the innervation of MDBC in five specimens of adult human cadavers. In all cases, nerve profiles were observed forming isolated nerve fibers or small nerve bundles, sometimes associated with blood vessels. In one case (1/5), at the level of the junction of the MDBC with the posterior rectus capitis minor muscle, complex capsulated formations containing a variable number of sensory nerve formations were found. We consider that such formations may be related to the proprioceptor system of the suboccipital muscles, but further studies are needed to determine their frequency, density and possible function.
El superhéroe según Marvel. El caso de Thor: amor y trueno (2020)
Authors: Vázquez Robles José. Julián
Published: July 2024

En los últimos 15 años, los éxitos de taquilla de Marvel lo han consolidado como líder en su sector. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar una de estas superproducciones: Thor: amor y trueno (Thor: Love and Thunder, Taika Waititi, 2020). Se realiza un análisis narrativo sobre los cuatro personajes que aparecen en el papel de superhéroes: Thor, La poderosa Thor, Valkiria y Korg, tanto de los diálogos como de las acciones. Desde la sociología de lo heroico, así como los estudios queer, el análisis se enfoca en la forma en que estos personajes son (re) presentados y diferenciados entre sí. El incluir a una mujer heterosexual, una lesbiana y un gay en la historia sugiere una idea de diversidad, pero cada uno de estos personajes es cuidadosamente delimitado, de forma que terminan por reducirse a comparsas. Al final, el peso de la historia recae en el personaje masculino de Thor.
Tüketici Etnosentrizminin Öncülleri Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi
Authors: GÜNER Oğuzhan
Published: July 2024

The increasing impact of globalization manifests itself in the tea sector as in every field, and it is possible to see many foreign products competing with domestic products in the market. In addition, the political and ideological strengthening of nation-states in the modern period has changed patriotism and the ethnocentric tendencies of the individual. It is very important for businesses to determine consumers' ethnocentric tendencies and to know how this tendency affects purchasing behavior. Especially for domestic companies, being able to identify the factors affecting consumer ethnocentrism can be very important in terms of gaining competitive advantage against foreign brands. Consumer ethnocentrism is the basis of the positive or negative attitudes of consumers towards foreign products. For this reason, companies should know the ethnocentrism tendencies of consumers in that market and the importance they attach to country of origin information, and direct their marketing activities accordingly, in order to both gain competitive advantage in the national market and determine their entry strategies into foreign markets. Key Words: Consumer Ethnocentrism, Purchasing Foreign Products, Patriotism
INVESTIGATION OF MAGNETIC CIRCUITS OF A MAGNETOELASTIC CONVERTER WITH MAGNETIC FIELDS OF VARIOUS FREQUENCIES
Authors: Jurayeva Kamila
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the study of magnetic circuits of a magnetoelastic converter, the principle of operation of which is based on the magnetomodulation effect. A mathematical expression of the magnetization curve of the magnetic circuit of a magnetoelastic converter is obtained when magnetized by magnetic fields of various frequencies (direct and alternating) currents. The influence of the variable and constant components of magnetic induction on the nature of the magnetization curve is estimated. The obtained magnetization curves of a magnetic circuit with longitudinal modulation and their approximation formulas can be successfully used to calculate magnetomodulation magnetic circuits, where a constant magnetic field corresponding to the region of the magnetization curve above the Rayleigh one is modulated.
SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF WAGON OVERSPREAD MASSES OSCILLATION
Authors: Akhatov Semyat , Makhmetova Narzankul , Solonenko Vladimir
Published: July 2024

The paper gives the methodology of differential equations solution for description of bouncing, galloping and side swaying oscillations of railcar with asymmetrically located cargoes of different masses which were carried out on computer. Continuous ­vertical irregularities in the rail track and level difference (track skewness) of two rail tracks in the vertical transverse plane were taken as disturbances­, spectral density of which is shown, respectively. To obtain the spectral densities depending on the speed, the abscissa of the spectral densities plots were multiplied by the speed, and the ordinates were divided by the speed at which the oscillations of the loaded car ­were investigated at that moment.  As a result, spectral ­densities of unevenness of rail ­thread and misalignment of two rail threads in vertical transverse ­plane at speeds of 50; 80; 100 and 120 km/h of four-axle car with tare weight 21 t with bogies type CNIIKhZ ­were obtained.
THE LOGISTIC CONCEPT OF REPRESENTING TRANSPORT PORT CONTAINER TERMINALS - AS A VARIATION OF TRANSFORMATION CENTERS FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF MATERIAL FLOWS
Authors: Tabylov Аbzal , Bukayeva Amina , Suyeuova Nabat , Yusupov Asgerbek , Rzayeva Kamar
Published: July 2024

Optimization of the network of transformation centers is one of the conditions for the effective functioning of the macro-logistic system. Acting as links in logistics chains, transformation centers perform the most important functions of promoting material flows between the elements of production processes, commodity circulation and consumption. The article studies and reveals the role of transformation centers, which implement the most important tasks of mutual cooperation of trunk and local modes of transport.  The stages of logistic approach in choosing the variant of transformational centers location have been investigated. It has been determined that the transformation centers, being the basis for the creation of macro-logistic transport and storage systems of the corresponding level, perform the functions necessary to smooth the unevenness, inaccuracy of production, consumption and modes of transport turnover. The logistic concept which assumes the necessity of transformational centers as transport terminal complexes, warehouse complexes to create positive results of interaction of factors characterizing optimization of processes of advancement of material flows in logistic chains has been analyzed.  The results of the study showed that in maritime transport, the main factor in the development of transport container terminals, as varieties of transformation centers - is the formation of complexes of means of transportation of centralized systems of movement of goods.  Currently, the system of container transportation is among the most rational methods of technology and organization of multimodal cargo transportation. The concept of this system is based on the fact that it is proposed to transport cargo flows in a single cargo unit-capacity mixed modes of transport. In the conditions of functioning of the local transformation center, in addition to the implementation of complex logistical operations for the processing of material flows, operations for the development of preparatory processes of products for production consumption in the end are performed. This determines the representation of transport and warehouse systems of transformation centers as varieties of flexible production and logistics systems.
FEATURES OF NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATION IN AUTOMATION PROCESSES
Authors: Zhussip Aiysbek , Kashaganova Gulzhan , Togzhanova Kulzhan
Published: July 2024

The process of selecting a convolutional neural network for the RaspberryPi microcomputer, which is part of a sorting machine – a device for collecting and sorting plastic bottles and aluminum cans, is shown. Three neural networks were selected for training: AlexNet, SqueezeNet and MobileNet. The training was conducted using Transfer Learning in two ways: replacing the last level of the classifier, then training and configuring the entire network. The Caffe framework was chosen as the basis for launching neural networks as the most popular. For the verification sample consisting of 2300 photos, which includes photos of cans, bottles and "other garbage", the correct recognition results are given, and the verification result is described in more detail in a small trial sample of 30 photos. The work gives time characteristics of neural networks on a computer and RaspberryPi. Experiments show that the MobileNet network has the highest percentage of correct recognition, while RaspberryPi has a network where the minimum time required to process one image belongs to SqueezeNet.
CHOICE OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A CURRENT CONVERTER BASED ON A GALVANOMAGNETIC EFFECT
Authors: Sattarov Khurshid , Safarov Abdurauf
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis and selection of a mathematical model of a current converter based on a galvanomagnetic effect. The dependences of the design parameters of the converter on the parameters of the magnetic material are obtained. The accuracy of calculating the magnetic circuit of a current converter based on the galvanomagnetic effect, which is determined depending on the accuracy of the mathematical model of magnetic induction from magnetic voltage, is investigated.
REVOLUTIONIZING INDUSTRY: EXPLORING THE CUTTING-EDGE FRONTIERS OF CALS TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Ainakulov Zharas , Schüle Heinrich , Kurmankulova Gulzhan , Ainakulova Zhadra
Published: July 2024

This article explores the cutting-edge frontiers of CALS (Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support) technology and its revolutionary potential to transform industries. CALS is a comprehensive system that integrates information technology, management processes, and data analysis methods to optimize acquisition and logistics support processes across various domains. The article focuses on the innovative aspects of CALS technology, with a particular emphasis on software. Software plays a pivotal role in automating processes, enhancing efficiency, and optimizing resources. The development and implementation of innovative software for CALS technology stimulate the emergence of new opportunities in data management, visualization, analytics, and integration with various systems. The article examines various directions for the development of CALS technology, particularly in relation to innovative software. Specifically, it discusses the latest methods and technologies in cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and process automation. Furthermore, it explores the prospects of applying CALS technology in diverse industries such as manufacturing, aviation, defense, healthcare, and others. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the need for active development of innovative software within the realm of CALS technology to ensure competitiveness and efficiency across industries. This entails constant exploration of new solutions, improving functionality, and adapting to the evolving requirements and challenges of the modern business landscape.
ADDITION OF BACTERIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES IN THE PRODUCTION OF SELFHEALING CONCRETE
Authors: Salman Al-Dulaimi Salman Daoud
Published: July 2024

Self-repairing concrete is a product in which microorganisms will be used to produce limestone to fill cracks appearing on the surface of concrete structures. It is presented by the author that specially selected types of bacteria of the genus Bacillus, a calcium-based nutrient known as calcium lactate, and nitrogen and phosphorus are added to the ingredients of concrete when it is mixed. These self-healing agents can remain dormant within concrete for up to 200 years. Self-repairing materials are a special type of materials that regenerate their strength properties after minor damage caused to the material during its service life. Self-repair technology is particularly useful in the case of composite materials because composites have low damage detection capability and are susceptible to sudden and brittle failure. Modern man-made materials have excellent mechanical properties. However, they lack the ability to self-repair. Therefore, in the event of damage, there is the possibility of loss of mechanical strength and, over time, a gradual loss of functional strength in the absence of human intervention.Different bacterial species along with abiotic factors such as salinity, ambient pH value, temperature, nutrient availability and habitat composition play a significant role in the calcium carbonate precipitation process in a wide range of different environments. There are four key factors that determine the MICP process: (I) calcium concentration, (II) dissolved inorganic carbon concentration, (III) pH value and (IV) presence of nucleation centres.
La Galice et les États de langue portugaise: une communauté de droit?
Authors: Casqueira Cardoso João
Published: July 2024

Galicia, an autonomous community and historic nationality of Spain, has linguistic and cultural, as well as social and economic links with Portugal and Brazil. But what is its legal relationship with the Portuguese-speaking states as a whole? This question arises because of the maturity of the international Portuguese-speaking organisation, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, or CPLP, and its international attractiveness. What opportunities does Galicia have to join this organisation? Can the CPLP, as a structure, integrate in its organisation a sub-national entity, as is the case for Galicia? What are the points of contact between the law of the Portuguese-speaking countries and Galicia? Finally, what is Galicia’s interest in joining the ‘Lusophony’? While Galicia has indeed developed political, cultural and legal relations with the CPLP, it is doubtful whether a genuine common legal culture is emerging, either within the CPLP, or between Galicia and the Portuguese-speaking states.
Manfaat, Hambatan, Dan Fasilitator Penggunaan Teknologi Pengenalan Suara Dalam Dokumentasi Dan Pelaporan Keperawatan : Literature Review
Authors: Hinoveva Natalia Joaquin  , Rr Tutik Sri Haryati
Published: July 2024

Sektor kesehatan mengalami perubahan signifikan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan akurasi layanan. Salah satu inovasi yang mendapatkan perhatian adalah teknologi pengenalan suara dalam dokumentasi dan pelaporan keperawatan. Teknologi ini menjanjikan efisiensi yang tinggi dengan memungkinkan tenaga kesehatan untuk mencatat informasi secara verbal, menggantikan metode manual tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis manfaat, hambatan, dan fasilitator dalam pemanfaatan teknologi pengenalan suara dalam konteks dokumentasi dan pelaporan keperawatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode review literatur yang mencakup perbandingan, kontras, kritik, dan sintesis dari berbagai sumber dan pendapat para ahli. Untuk mendapatkan sumber data dan pendapat para ahli, dilakukanlah pencarian data berbasis akademik seperti  jurnal, artikel serta publikasi ilmiah tiga diantaranya seperti Google Schoolar, Science Direct, dan Proquest Studi ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang potensi teknologi pengenalan suara dalam praktik keperawatan, serta diharapkan dapat memberikan panduan dan rekomendasi bagi perawat dan profesional kesehatan dalam memanfaatkan teknologi ini secara efektif dan efisien dalam praktik sehari-hari mereka