bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of chymotrypsin using a peptide sensor based on graphene oxide modified with sulfhydryl groups and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Lei , Liu Cheng , Zhang Bianjiang , Gao Li
Published: July 2022

Schematic of chymotrypsin detection based on thiol-modified graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles.
Rational design of carbon electrodes of thermoelectrochemical cells for efficient low-grade heat harvesting
Authors: Zhuang Xinyan , Jin Hongrun , Yu Boyang , Wang Hui , Luo Yongxin , Liu Kaisi , Hu Bin , Xie Kefeng , Huang Liang , Duan Jiangjiang , Zhou Jun
Published: July 2022

A N–CNW@CC electrode is designed to boost the performance of TECs by enhancing the specific surface area, transition kinetic, and ion transmission. The highest ηr (13.02%) is achieved by combining this electrode and optimized electrolytes.
Harnessing the ubiquitin code to respond to environmental cues
Authors: Orosa-Puente Beatriz , Spoel Steven H.
Published: July 2022

Ubiquitination is an essential post-translational signal that allows cells to adapt and respond to environmental stimuli. Substrate modifications range from a single ubiquitin molecule to complex polyubiquitin chains, where diverse chain topologies constitute a code that is utilized to modify the functions of proteins in numerous cellular signalling pathways. Diverse ubiquitin chain topologies are generated by linking the C-terminus of ubiquitin to one of seven lysine residues or the N-terminal methionine 1 residue of the preceding ubiquitin. Cooperative action between a large array of E2 conjugating and E3 ligase enzymes supports the formation of not only homotypic ubiquitin chains but also heterotypic mixed or branched chains. This complex array of chain topologies is recognized by proteins containing linkage-specific ubiquitin-binding domains and regulates numerous cellular pathways. Although many functions of the ubiquitin code in plants remain unknown, recent work suggests that specific chain topologies are associated with particular molecular processes. Deciphering the ubiquitin code and how plants utilize it to cope with the changing environment is essential to understand the regulatory mechanisms that underpin myriad stress responses and establishment of environmental tolerance.
Neural networks and PCA coefficients to identify and correct aberrations in adaptive optics
Authors: Terreri A. , Pedichini F. , Del Moro D. , Li Causi G. , Stangalini M. , Mattioli M. , Piazzesi R.
Published: July 2022

Context. Static and quasi-static aberrations represent a great limit for high-contrast imaging in large telescopes. Among them the most important ones are all the aberrations not corrected by the adaptive optics (AO) system, which are called non-common path aberrations (NCPA). Several techniques have been proposed to mitigate it. The typical approach is to set an offset on the AO system with exactly the opposite sign of the NCPA in order to correct for the aberrations introduced by all the optical components downstream the wave-front sensor (WFS) up to the science camera. An estimate of the NCPA can be obtained with a trial-and-error approach or by more sophisticated techniques of focal-plane wave-front sensing.

Aims. In all cases, a fast procedure is desirable to limit the telescope downtime and to repeat, if needed, the correction procedure to cope with the temporal variation of the NCPA. Very recently, new approaches based on neural networks (NNs) have also been proposed as an alternative.

Methods. In this work, through simulated images, we test the application of a supervised NN for the mitigation of NCPAs in high-contrast imaging at visible wavelengths and, in particular, we investigate the possibility of applying this method to fast imagers such as SHARK-VIS, the forthcoming visible-band high-contrast imager for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT).

Results. Preliminary results show a measurement accuracy of the NCPA of 2 nm root mean square (RMS) for each sensed Zernike mode in turbulence-free conditions, and 5 nm RMS per mode when the residual turbulence has a wave-front error (WFE) of approximately 42.5 nm RMS, a typical value during LBT AO system calibration. This measurement is sufficient to guarantee that, after correction, NCPA residuals in the system are negligible compared to the typical WFE > 100 nm RMS of the best AO systems at large telescopes.

Conclusions. Our simulations show this method is robust even in the presence of turbulence-induced aberrations that are not labelled in the training phase of the NN. The method could thus be used in a real-world setting by offloading a corrective static offset to the AO system of a telescope to mitigate the NCPA.
Investigating the link between inner gravitational potential and star-formation quenching in CALIFA galaxies
Authors: Kalinova V. , Colombo D. , Sánchez S. F. , Rosolowsky E. , Kodaira K. , García-Benito R. , Meidt S. E. , Davis T. A. , Romeo A. B. , Yu S.-Y. , González Delgado R. , Lacerda E. A. D.
Published: July 2022

It has been suggested that gravitational potential can have a significant role in suppressing star formation in nearby galaxies. To establish observational constraints on this scenario, we investigated the connection between the dynamics – taking the circular velocity curves (CVCs) as a proxy for the inner gravitational potential – and star formation quenching in 215 non-active galaxies across the Hubble sequence from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. Our results show that galaxies with similar CVCs tend to have a certain star-formation quenching pattern. To explore these findings in more details, we constructed kiloparsec(kpc)-resolved relations of the equivalent width of the Hα (WHα) versus the amplitude (Vc) and shape (β = dlnVc/dlnR) of the circular velocity at given radii. We find that the WHα − Vc is a declining relationship, where the retired regions of the galaxies (the ones with WHα values of below 3 Å) tend to have higher Vc. Concurrently, WHα − β is a bimodal relationship, which is characterised by two peaks: concentration of the star forming regions at a positive β (rising CVC) and a second concentration of the retired regions with a negative β (declining CVC). Our results show that both the amplitude of the CVC – driven by the mass of the galaxies – and its shape – which reflects the internal structure of the galaxies – play an important role in the quenching history of a galaxy.
Distributions of gas and small and large grains in the LkHα 330 disk trace a young planetary system,
Authors: Pinilla P. , Benisty M. , Kurtovic N. T. , Bae J. , Dong R. , Zhu Z. , Andrews S. , Carpenter J. , Ginski C. , Huang J. , Isella A. , Pérez L. , Ricci L. , Rosotti G. , Villenave M. , Wilner D.
Published: July 2022

Planets that are forming around young stars are expected to leave clear imprints in the distribution of the gas and dust of their parental protoplanetary disks. In this paper, we present new scattered light and millimeter observations of the protoplanetary disk around LkHα 330, using SPHERE/VLT and ALMA, respectively. The scattered-light SPHERE observations reveal an asymmetric ring at around 45 au from the star in addition to two spiral arms with similar radial launching points at around 90 au. The millimeter observations from ALMA (resolution of 0.06″ × 0.04″) mainly show an asymmetric ring located at 110 au from the star. In addition to this asymmetry, there are two faint symmetric rings at 60 au and 200 au. The 12CO, 13CO, and C18O lines seem to be less abundant in the inner disk (these observations have a resolution of 0.16″ × 0.11″). The 13CO peaks at a location similar to the inner ring observed with SPHERE, suggesting that this line is optically thick and traces variations of disk temperature instead of gas surface-density variations, while the C18O peaks slightly further away at around 60 au. We compare our observations with hydrodynamical simulations that include gas and dust evolution, and conclude that a 10 MJup mass planet at 60 au and in an eccentric orbit (e = 0.1) can qualitatively explain most of the observed structures. A planet in a circular orbit leads to a much narrower concentration in the millimeter emission, while a planet in a more eccentric orbit leads to a very eccentric cavity as well. In addition, the outer spiral arm launched by the planet changes its pitch angle along the spiral due to the eccentricity and when it interacts with the vortex, potentially appearing in observations as two distinct spirals. Our observations and models show that LkHα 330 is an interesting target to search for (eccentric-) planets while they are still embedded in their parental disk, making it an excellent candidate for studies on planet-disk interaction.
Towards a fully consistent Milky Way disk model
Authors: Sysoliatina K. , Just A.
Published: July 2022

Context. The semi-analytic Just-Jahreiß (JJ) model of the Galactic disk is a flexible tool for stellar population synthesis with a fine age resolution of 25 Myr. The model has recently been calibrated in the solar neighbourhood against the Gaia DR2 stars. We have identified two star-formation bursts within the last ∼4 Gyr of the local star-formation rate (SFR) history.

Aims. In this work we present a generalised version of the JJ model that incorporates our findings for the solar neighbourhood and is applicable to a wide range of galactocentric distances, 4 kpc ≲R ≲ 14 kpc.

Methods. The JJ model includes the four flattened and two spheroidal components of the Milky Way, describing it as an axisymmetric system. The thin and thick disks, as well as atomic and molecular gas layers, are assumed to have exponential radial surface density profiles. Spherical stellar halo and dark matter in the form of a cored isothermal sphere are also added to the model. The overall thickness of the thin disk is assumed to be constant at all radii, though model realisations with a flaring disk can also be tested. The adopted radial variation in the thin-disk SFR reflects the inside-out disk growth scenario. Motivated by our findings for the solar neighbourhood, we allow a smooth power-law SFR continuum to be modified by an arbitrary number of Gaussian peaks. Additionally, the vertical kinematics of the stellar populations associated with these episodes of star-formation excess is allowed to differ from the kinematics prescribed by the age-velocity dispersion relation for the thin-disk populations of the same age.

Results. We present a public code of the JJ model complemented by the three sets of isochrones generated by the stellar tracks and isochrones with the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code (PARSEC), the Modules and Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST), and a Bag of Stellar Tracks and Isochrones (BaSTI). Assuming a plausible set of parameters, we take the first step towards calibrating the JJ model at non-solar radii. Using metallicity distributions of the red clump giants from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), we constrain the radial variation of the JJ-model age-metallicity relation and propose a new analytic form for the age-metallicity relation function.

Conclusions. The generalised JJ model is a publicly available tool for studying different stellar populations across the Milky Way disk. With its fine age resolution and flexibility, it can be particularly useful for reconstructing the thin-disk SFR, as a variety of different SFR shapes can be constructed within its framework.
Pricing strategy and coordination mechanism of dual-channel supply chain based on reference quality effect
Authors: Yan Lizhao , Li Xiulian , Lay Teo Kok , Xu Fei , Liu Jian
Published: July 2022

The difference between the actual product quality experienced by consumers after shopping and the product reference quality expected before shopping usually has a significant effect on product demand and brand reputation. This paper considers a dual-channel supply chain composed of a manufacturer and a retailer. This investigation is on the influence of consumers’ reference quality under centralized decision-making, decentralized decision-making Bertrand game, and decentralized decision-making Stackelberg game. Furthermore, in view of the influence of reference quality, this paper constructs cost-sharing contracts and two-part tariff contracts to discuss the consistency of the dual-channel supply chain. The results show that consumers’ reference quality effect has a positive impact on the equilibrium price and profit of the dual-channel supply chain. Under normal circumstances, the dual-channel supply chain cannot achieve conformity. However, consistency can be achieved under the two-part tariff contract mechanism. Finally, numerical simulation is carried out for verification with numerical values.
Hemolytic Disease of Newborn due to ABO Incompatibility between B Blood Group Mother and A Blood Group Neonate
Authors: Routray Suman S. , Mishra Debasish , Kanungo Girija N. , Behera Rachita
Published: July 2022

ABO incompatibility between O blood group mother and non–O blood group neonate is common. It rarely causes anemia and hyperbilirubinemia in neonate, requiring invasive management. Direct antiglobulin test may be positive in these cases with immunoglobulin (Ig)-G antibody specificity. There are few cases of hemolytic disease of newborn due to ABO incompatibility between mother and newborn with non ̶ O blood group mother. After obtaining consent from the patient, we reported a case of incompatibility in a B blood group mother and A blood group neonate, and it was managed with phototherapy.
Differences in the Outcome of Colonic Atresia with and without Abdominal Wall Defects
Authors: Schmedding Andrea , Hutter Martin , Gfroerer Stefan , Rolle Udo
Published: July 2022

Introduction Colonic atresia (CA) is a very rare disease. Two entities of CA can be differentiated: primary CA and CA with abdominal wall defects (AWD). This study aimed to investigate the differences between these two entities, especially for long-term outcomes.

Materials and Methods Data from the major health insurance company (AOK) were analyzed. Sixty-two patients with ICD-10 codes Q42.1–2 and Q42.8–9 (atresia of the colon and rectum) who underwent surgery within 10 days after their first admission between 2007 and 2016 were obtained.

Results Twenty-nine patients had an AWD, and 33 patients had primary colonic atresia (PCA). Significant differences between patients with PCA and AWD were found regarding prematurity but not for other concomitant malformations. Ostomy was the initial therapy of choice for 87.9% (29/33) of patients with PCA and 65.5% (19/29) with AWD. Central venous access was significantly more often in patients with AWD. Overall, patients with CA have an excellent short-term outcome. The 1-year mortality was 3% (1/33) in PCA and 6.9% (2/29) in AWD. Delayed management did not lead to higher mortality. Higher number of admission days and higher hospital costs were related to gastrostomy and short bowel in the long term.

Conclusion The long-term outcome of CA is related to short bowel and need for initial gastrostomy but not related to AWD, prematurity, or associated anomalies.
Citizens’ response to a non-responsive government: the case of the Swiss Initiative on Mass Immigration
Authors: Armingeon Klaus , Lutz Philipp
Published: July 2022

In times of contested globalization, democratic governments have increasing difficulties to reconcile international obligations with domestic political demands. Unresponsiveness to domestic constituents due to international constraints may threaten to undermine democratic legitimacy. We assess how citizens react to non-responsive governments in the case of a high-stake direct-democratic vote in Switzerland. The 2014 referendum on restricting immigration from the European Union failed in its implementation because of the EU's refusal to negotiate the free movement rights of its citizens. How did Swiss citizens adapt their policy preferences to this implementation failure? Drawing on original survey data, we show that citizens overwhelmingly did not adapt their policy preferences; rather, they rationalized the implementation failure in an effort to protect their ideological and partisan orientations. The results suggests that governments face major challenges to convey constrained policy choices to their citizens.
Spin glass and magnetoelectric effect in BiFeO3-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3-Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 single crystals
Authors: Yin L. H. , Yang J. , Tong P. , Song W. H. , Dai J. M. , Zhu X. B. , Sun Y. P.
Published: July 2022

We report a cluster spin glass behavior, multiferroicity and magnetoelectric (ME) effects in the single crystals of 0.46BiFeO3-0.54Bi0.5(K0.31Na0.69)0.5TiO3. The crystals are found to possess a pseudo-cubic structure with a weak tetragonal distortion and show ferroelectricity at room temperature with a ferroelectric curie temperature of TC∼630.1 K. The cluster spin glass state in the crystal is evidenced by detailed dc and ac magnetic experiments, including thermo-remnant magnetization, aging effect, memory effect, etc. Magnetodielectric effects, poling enhanced magnetism, and electric field induced acceleration of magnetization relaxation in the spin glass state are observed and ascribed mainly to spin-lattice coupling. These results might suggest an effective route to improve ferromagnetism and ME effects by constructing a spin glass state in BiFeO3-based antiferromagnetic multiferroics.
Magnetoacoustic waves controlled by in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Gao Runliang , Ye Yuchen , Wu Huiliang , Li Xiaolei , Liu Xindan , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang
Published: July 2022

Controlling the magnetoacoustic wave transmission with various equivalent magnetic fields is a key technology for future hybrid surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. In this work, we experimentally and theoretically display acoustically driven spin wave resonance in Ni films with in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy at an arbitrary angle relative to the SAW vector. Our experimental results show that by adjusting the angle between the hard axis and the SAW vector, we achieve the excitation of magnetoacoustic waves in any in-plane orientation. Moreover, we clearly prove that the anisotropic effective field can be utilized to optimize the applied field configuration for driving magnetoacoustic waves and design orientation sensors due to the angle-sensitive performance of acoustic spin wave resonance.
On the choice of shape and size for truncated cluster-based x-ray spectral simulations of 2D materials
Authors: Zhang Jun-Rong , Wang Sheng-Yu , Ge Guoyan , Wei Minrui , Hua Weijie , Ma Yong
Published: July 2022

Truncated cluster models represent an effective way for simulating x-ray spectra of 2D materials. Here, we systematically assessed the influence of two key parameters, the cluster shape (honeycomb, rectangle, or parallelogram) and size, in x-ray photoelectron (XPS) and absorption (XAS) spectra simulations of three 2D materials at five K-edges (graphene, C 1s; C3N, C/N 1s; h-BN, B/N 1s) to pursue the accuracy limit of binding energy (BE) and spectral profile predictions. Several recent XPS experiments reported BEs with differences spanning 0.3, 1.5, 0.7, 0.3, and 0.3 eV, respectively. Our calculations favor the honeycomb model for stable accuracy and fast size convergence, and a honeycomb with ∼10 nm side length (120 atoms) is enough to predict accurate 1s BEs for all 2D sheets. Compared to all these experiments, predicted BEs show absolute deviations as follows: 0.4–0.7, 0.0–1.0, 0.4–1.1, 0.6–0.9, and 0.1–0.4 eV. A mean absolute deviation of 0.3 eV was achieved if we compare only to the closest experiment. We found that the sensitivity of computed BEs to different model shapes depends on systems: graphene, sensitive; C3N, weak; and h-BN, very weak. This can be attributed to their more or less delocalized π electrons in this series. For this reason, a larger cluster size is required for graphene than the other two to reproduce fine structures in XAS. The general profile of XAS shows weak dependence on model shape. Our calculations provide optimal parameters and accuracy estimations that are useful for x-ray spectral simulations of general graphene-like 2D materials.
Assessing the effect of a liquid water layer on the adsorption of hydrate anti-agglomerants using molecular simulations
Authors: Mohr Stephan , Pétuya Rémi , Sarria Juan , Purkayastha Nirupam , Bodnar Scot , Wylde Jonathan , Tsimpanogiannis Ioannis N.
Published: July 2022

We have performed molecular dynamics simulations to study the adsorption of ten hydrate anti-agglomerants onto a mixed methane–propane sII hydrate surface covered by layers of liquid water of various thickness. As a general trend, we found that the more liquid water that is present on the hydrate surface, the less favorable the adsorption becomes even though there are considerable differences between the individual molecules, indicating that the presence and thickness of this liquid water layer are crucial parameters for anti-agglomerant adsorption studies. Additionally, we found that there exists an optimal thickness of the liquid water layer favoring hydrate growth due to the presence of both liquid water and hydrate-forming guest molecules. For all other cases of liquid water layer thickness, hydrate growth is slower due to the limited availability of hydrate-forming guests close to the hydrate formation front. Finally, we investigated the connection between the thickness of the liquid water layer and the degree of subcooling and found a very good agreement between our molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical predictions.
Excitatory postsynaptic current model for synaptic thin-film transistors
Authors: Im Changik , Kim Jiyeon , Lee Jae Hak , Jin Minho , Lee Haeyeon , Lee Jiho , Shin Jong Chan , Lee Chan , Kim Youn Sang , Lee Eungkyu
Published: July 2022

Synaptic devices that mimic biological neurons have attracted much attention for brain-inspired neuromorphic computing. Especially, synaptic thin-film transistors (TFTs) have emerged with simultaneous signal processing and information storage advantages. However, the analysis of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) relies on an empirical model such as a serial RC circuit, which limits a systematic and in-depth study of synaptic devices in terms of material and electrical properties. Herein, the single-pulse-driven synaptic EPSC (SPSE) model, including capacitive effect and information of the synaptic window, is analytically proposed. The SPSE model can simulate EPSC of synaptic devices at given TFT-operating conditions. EPSC with the SPSE model can be characterized with quantified parameters for the capacitive effects and the synaptic windows, which also depend on the electrical condition applied to TFTs. Various kinds of synaptic-TFTs with different gate insulators (e.g., SiO2 and ion-gel) are used to confirm the performance of the SPSE model. For example, the SPSE model can capture the long-term robustness of ion-gel-based TFTs with specific quantified parameters. In addition, the SPSE model enables the estimation of energy consumption, which can potentially be leveraged to compare the energy cost of EPSC fairly. The SPSE model can provide a guideline to understand the physical properties of synaptic TFTs.
Low-temperature plasma simulation based on physics-informed neural networks: Frameworks and preliminary applications
Authors: Zhong Linlin , Wu Bingyu , Wang Yifan
Published: July 2022

Plasma simulation is an important, and sometimes the only, approach to investigating plasma behavior. In this work, we propose two general artificial-intelligence-driven frameworks for low-temperature plasma simulation: Coefficient-Subnet Physics-Informed Neural Network (CS-PINN) and Runge–Kutta Physics-Informed Neural Network (RK-PINN). CS-PINN uses either a neural network or an interpolation function (e.g., spline function) as the subnet to approximate solution-dependent coefficients (e.g., electron-impact cross sections, thermodynamic properties, transport coefficients, etc.) in plasma equations. Based on this, RK-PINN incorporates the implicit Runge–Kutta formalism in neural networks to achieve a large-time step prediction of transient plasmas. Both CS-PINN and RK-PINN learn the complex non-linear relationship mapping from spatiotemporal space to the equation's solution. Based on these two frameworks, we demonstrate preliminary applications in four cases covering plasma kinetic and fluid modeling. The results verify that both CS-PINN and RK-PINN have good performance in solving plasma equations. Moreover, RK-PINN has the ability to yield a good solution for transient plasma simulation with not only large time steps but also limited noisy sensing data.
A long tern view: distribution of small terns (Sternula) in Western Australia and implications for their conservation
Authors: Dunlop J. N. , Greenwell C. N.
Published: July 2022

Recent observations confirm the Indo-Pacific Little Tern Sternula albifrons sinensis has been extending its breeding range in Western Australia in recent years, following a pattern documented in other tern and noddy species on the western coast of Australia. Nesting Indo-Pacific Little Terns have been recorded annually as far south as North West Cape since 2016. A similar southward shift in breeding range may have occurred during the last interglacial period and it is hypothesised that Little Terns isolated at the Houtman Abrolhos Islands during the following glacial period gave rise to the Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis. The Australian Fairy Tern subsequently colonised the continental shelf from Dampier, Western Australia to the south-eastern states and then New Zealand as sea levels rose again during the Holocene. The two former sibling species are now sympatric between Dampier and North West Cape and interbreeding and hybridisation have the potential to occur in that area. Most jurisdictions require populations to be defined at the species or subspecies level in order to be listed and managed as threatened. However, relying on such taxonomic criteria has the potential to obscure the management of threats faced by each inter-breeding population unit. Approaches that identify and protect the sub-structure of superspecies and meta-populations might be more effective in the longer term.
Factors influencing the success of hand-reared juvenile brushtail possums (
Authors: Mella Valentina S. A. , Gillies Callum , McArthur Clare , Webb Elliot , Herbert Catherine
Published: July 2022

Context Wildlife is ubiquitous in urban environments, resulting in frequent interactions with humans and human infrastructure. The result of these interactions is often negative, in the form of road injury, orphaning of dependent young or eviction from natural home ranges. Wildlife rehabilitation programmes are devised to counter these negative interactions. However, the success of current management strategies is rarely assessed. Aims We aimed to determine whether short-term survival of juvenile hand-reared common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) released in the wild was a function of (1) intrinsic factors such as sex, individual personality and level of human habituation, and (2) extrinsic factors such as release practice (soft vs hard-release) or location (urban vs rural). We also evaluated the relationship between habituation to humans and time spent in care by possums, if presence of conspecifics during the rehabilitation process influenced the development of individual personality, and if this differed in hand-raised animals compared with wild individuals. Methods We radio-tracked and monitored 20 hand-reared juvenile possums (10 females and 10 males) for up to 40 days after release in the wild. Key results Eight possums (40%) survived until the end of the study, nine possums (45%) were killed by foxes or had to be returned into care and three possums (15%) had unknown fates (i.e. lost VHF signal). We found that more exploratory individuals and those less human-habituated were more likely to be successful in the wild in both rural and urban areas, whether or not they were hard or soft released. Conclusions Our results suggest that personality is a key criterion to consider when evaluating the success of rehabilitation programmes. Behavioural traits of hand-reared brushtail possums differed significantly from those of wild individuals, showing that captive conditions can affect the development of personality. Hand-reared possums that spent more time in care were also more likely to display highly human-habituated behaviours. Implications By demonstrating which factors influence success of hand-reared wildlife after release in the wild, our results help in evaluating current rearing and release practices, and improve the evidence base for developing best practice wildlife rehabilitation guidelines.
Ca2+ imaging of self and other in medial prefrontal cortex during social dominance interactions in a tube test
Authors: Garcia-Font Nuria , Mitchell-Heggs Rufus , Saxena Kapil , Gabbert Carolin , Taylor Georgina , Mastroberardino Giulia , Spooner Patrick A. , Gobbo Francesco , Dabrowska Julia K. , Chattarji Sumantra , Kind Peter C. , Schultz Simon R. , Morris Richard G. M.
Published: July 2022

The study of social dominance interactions between animals offers a window onto the decision-making involved in establishing dominance hierarchies and an opportunity to examine changes in social behavior observed in certain neurogenetic disorders. Competitive social interactions, such as in the widely used tube test, reflect this decision-making. Previous studies have focused on the different patterns of behavior seen in the dominant and submissive animal, neural correlates of effortful behavior believed to mediate the outcome of such encounters, and interbrain correlations of neural activity. Using a rigorous mutual information criterion, we now report that neural responses recorded with endoscopic calcium imaging in the prelimbic zone of the medial prefrontal cortex show unique correlations to specific dominance-related behaviors. Interanimal analyses revealed cell/behavior correlations that are primarily with an animal’s own behavior or with the other animal’s behavior, or the coincident behavior of both animals (such as pushing by one and resisting by the other). The comparison of unique and coincident cells helps to disentangle cell firing that reflects an animal’s own or the other’s specific behavior from situations reflecting conjoint action. These correlates point to a more cognitive rather than a solely behavioral dimension of social interactions that needs to be considered in the design of neurobiological studies of social behavior. These could prove useful in studies of disorders affecting social recognition and social engagement, and the treatment of disorders of social interaction.
Noncanonical function of Capicua as a growth termination signal inDrosophilaoogenesis
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñoz Laura , Lagares Clàudia , González-Crespo Sergio , Castel Pau , Veraksa Alexey , Jiménez Gerardo
Published: July 2022

Capicua (Cic) proteins are conserved HMG-box transcriptional repressors that control receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling responses and are implicated in human neurological syndromes and cancer. While Cic is known to exist as short (Cic-S) and long (Cic-L) isoforms with identical HMG-box and associated core regions but distinct N termini, most previous studies have focused on Cic-S, leaving the function of Cic-L unexplored. Here we show that Cic-L acts in two capacities duringDrosophilaoogenesis: 1) as a canonical sensor of RTK signaling in somatic follicle cells, and 2) as a regulator of postmitotic growth in germline nurse cells. In these latter cells, Cic-L behaves as a temporal signal that terminates endoreplicative growth before they dump their contents into the oocyte. We show that Cic-L is necessary and sufficient for nurse cell endoreplication arrest and induces both stabilization of CycE and down-regulation of Myc. Surprisingly, this function depends mainly on the Cic-L–specific N-terminal module, which is capable of acting independently of the Cic HMG-box–containing core. Mirroring these observations, basal metazoans possess truncated Cic-like proteins composed only of Cic-L N-terminal sequences, suggesting that this module plays unique, ancient roles unrelated to the canonical function of Cic.
The triple oxygen isotope composition of marine sulfate and 130 million years of microbial control
Authors: Waldeck Anna R. , Hemingway Jordon D. , Yao Weiqi , Paytan Adina , Johnston David T.
Published: July 2022

The triple oxygen isotope composition (Δ’
17
O) of sulfate minerals is widely used to constrain ancient atmospheric
p
O
2
/
p
CO
2
and rates of gross primary production. The utility of this tool is based on a model that sulfate oxygen carries an isotope fingerprint of tropospheric O
2
incorporated through oxidative weathering of reduced sulfur minerals, particularly pyrite. Work to date has targeted Proterozoic environments (2.5 billion to 0.542 billion years ago) where large isotope anomalies persist; younger timescale records, which would ground ancient environmental interpretation in what we know from modern Earth, are lacking. Here we present a high-resolution record of the

δ

18

O and Δ’
17
O in marine sulfate for the last 130 million years of Earth history. This record carries a Δ’
17
O close to 0o, suggesting that the marine sulfate reservoir is under strict control by biogeochemical cycling (namely, microbial sulfate reduction), as these reactions follow mass-dependent fractionation. We identify no discernible contribution from atmospheric oxygen on this timescale. We interpret a steady fractional contribution of microbial sulfur cycling (terrestrial and marine) over the last 100 million years, even as global weathering rates are thought to vary considerably.
Induced Fission-Like Process of Hadronic Molecular States
Authors: He Jun , Chen Dian-Yong , Liu Zhan-Wei , Liu Xiang
Published: July 2022

We predict a new physical phenomenon, induced fission-like process and chain reaction of hadronic molecular states. As a molecular state, if induced by a D meson, the X(3872) can split into

D

D
¯

final state which is forbidden due to the spin-parity conservation. The breeding of the D meson of the reaction, such as

D
0

X
(
3872
)
→

D
0

D
¯

0

D
0

, makes the chain reaction of X(3872) matter possible. We estimate the cross section of the D meson induced fission-like process of X(3872) into two D mesons. With very small D
0 beam momentum of 1 eV, the total cross section reaches an order of 1000 b, and decreases rapidly with the increasing beam momentum. With the transition of D* meson in molecular states to a D meson, the X(3872) can release large energy, which is acquired by the final mesons. The momentum distributions of the final D mesons are analyzed. In the laboratory frame, the spectator D meson in molecular state concentrates in the low momentum area. The energy from the transition from D* to D meson is mainly acquired by two scattered D mesons. The results suggest that the D meson environment will lead to the induced fission-like process and chain reaction of the X(3827). Such a phenomenon can be extended to other hadronic molecular states.
Probing the topological surface states in superconducting Sn4Au single crystal: a magneto transport study
Authors: Sharma M M , Rani Poonam , Awana V P S
Published: July 2022

Materials exhibiting bulk superconductivity along with magnetoresistance (MR) in their normal state have emerged as suitable candidates for topological superconductivity. In this article, we report a flux free method to synthesize single crystal of topological superconductor candidate Sn4Au. The phase purity and single crystalline nature are confirmed through various characterizations viz. x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Chemical states of the constituent element viz. Sn and Au are analysed through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Superconductivity in synthesized Sn4Au single crystal is evident form ρ-T plot, for which the critical field (H
c) is determined through ρ-H plot at 2 K i.e. just below critical temperature T
c. A positive MR is observed in ρ-H measurements at different temperatures above T
c, viz. at 3 K, 5 K, 10 K and 20 K. Further, the magnetoconductivity (MC) is analysed by using Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka formalism, which signifies the presence of weak antilocalization (WAL) effect in Sn4Au. Angle dependent magneto-transport measurement has been performed to detect the origin of observed WAL effect in Sn4Au single crystal. Normalized MC vs Hcosθ plot shows presence of topological surface states in the studied system. It is evident that Sn4Au is a 2.6 K topological superconductor.
M-neighbor approximation in one-qubit state transfer along zigzag and alternating spin-1/2 chains
Authors: Fel’dman E B , Zenchuk A I
Published: July 2022

We consider the M-neighbor approximation in the problem of one-qubit pure state transfer along the N-node zigzag and alternating spin chains governed by the XXZ-Hamiltonian with the dipole-dipole interaction. We show that always M > 1, i.e., the nearest neighbor approximation is not applicable to such interaction. Moreover, only all-node interaction (M = N − 1) properly describes the dynamics in the alternating chain. We reveal the region in the parameter space characterizing the chain geometry and orientation which provide the high-probability state-transfer. The optimal state-transfer probability and appropriate time instant for the zigzag and alternating chains are compared.
Phosphorescence in cooled organic materials—temporal kinetics and spectral memory effect
Authors: Tsipenyuk D Yu , Voropinov A V
Published: July 2022

The results are presented of the study of long-term phosphorescence in solid solutions of materials at cryogenic temperatures. In this way we continue the series of our works devoted to studying the physical mechanism of excitation of the long-term phosphorescence and prospects for creating effective laser media based on an analogue of the Shpolsky matrix. The earlier unknown effect of spectral memory in solids is discovered to occur in organic solutions in response for excitation of phosphorescence by the mercury-lamp radiation.
Micro-ECG-monitoring system based on arduino with bluetooth feature
Authors: Das S , Roy S , Ghosh S , Mukherjee S , Bhattacharya U , RoyChowdhury B
Published: July 2022

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of India's most deadly diseases, with a 4.77 million annual death rate in 2020 [1]. CVD rates have risen from 1.6 percent to 7.4 percent in rural areas and from 1 percent to 13.2 percent in urban areas [1]. Electrocardiogram (ECG) devices, which monitor the heart's activity, are far too expensive to be used for personal care. In this project, we created a low-cost device using an Arduino (UNO/MEGA) microprocessor and a Real-time ECG graph display feature. The main instrument for measuring the pulse is the AD8232 sensor, which converts the sense-voltage obtained from ECG electrodes placed on the body. Integrating Arduino microcontroller (Uno/Mega) and Bluetooth module HC-05, the ECG readout may be presented on a mobile phone's monitor in real-time 24x7. The ECG simul externally attached can provide the accurate 12-lead ECG that depicts the patients' current health status in real time. This portable ECG has produced a satisfactory outcome in terms of production costs.
Role of dopants in tuning spintronic features of lithium doped g-C4N3@Lin =1 to 4
Authors: Mitra Shankar Prasad , Biswas Ajit , Dey Souradip , Roy Utsab , Bhowmick Rinki , Chattopadhyaya Mausumi , Dutta Tanmoy , Chakraborty Jit , Sen Sabyasachi
Published: July 2022

We report herein, charge transfer assisted tuning of electronic and spintronic feature of g-C4N3@Lin=1-4 systems. Complete removal of spintronic feature is observed at the doping concentration 14.28%. At lower doping concentration, half metallic feature is observed with clear manifestation of negative differential resistance, which is predominant at n=3. We also noticed significant modifications in current-voltage characteristics as the number of dopants flips from odd to even numbers. Observed feature is mainly attributed to increased charge transfer from Li atom to the g-C4N3 backbone at higher doping concentration and concomitant enhancement in electron-electron interactions. These observations are in corroboration with molecular orbital picture obtained at various doping concentrations.
An Efficient Epileptic Seizure Detection Technique using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Machine Learning Classifiers
Authors: Guharoy Rabel , Jana Nanda Dulal , Biswas Suparna
Published: July 2022

This paper presents an epilepsy detection method based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with Machine learning classifiers. Here DWT has been used for feature extraction as it provides a better decomposition of the signals in different frequency bands. At first, DWT has been applied to the EEG signal to extract the detail and approximate coefficients or different sub-bands. After the extraction of the coefficients, Principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied on different sub-bands and then a feature level fusion technique is used to extract the main features in low dimensional feature space. Three classifiers name: Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) classifier, and Naive Bayes (NB) classifier have been used in the proposed work for classifying the EEG signals. The raised method is tested over Bonn databases and provides a maximum of 100% recognition accuracy for KNN, SVM, NB classifiers.
A framework for the digital competencies for teaching in science education – DiKoLAN
Authors: Thoms Lars-Jochen , Kremser Erik , Kotzebue Lena von , Becker Sebastian , Thyssen Christoph , Huwer Johannes , Bruckermann Till , Finger Alexander , Meier Monique
Published: July 2022

In order to systematically introduce (prospective) teachers to teaching in the digital world and to lay the foundations for concepts that are meaningful in terms of physics education, essential aspects of learning with and via digital media must be conveyed. In addition to cross-curricular competencies, it is essential to consider subject-specific competencies for the natural sciences since the formation of subject-specific knowledge on the use of digital media in the classroom (TPACK) is the decisive factor for acceptance behaviour and the intention for later use. The questions remain as to what core competencies must be built up by all (prospective) science teachers by the end of their studies and in which sections of university teacher training this should take place. Since no competence frameworks specific to the teaching of science were previously available, nine researchers from eight universities came together to develop a suitable orientation framework. As a result, this contribution presents the structured and graded framework “DiKoLAN – Digitale Kompetenzen für das Lehramt in den Naturwissenschaften [Digital Competencies for Teaching in Science Education]” (see https://dikolan.de).
Use of ICT and Multimedia in The Central Exams: Experiences in the Netherlands:
Authors: Smeets P H H
Published: July 2022

There is much that can be said about the competences of teachers and students needed to learn ICT and Multimedia in the Physics curriculum. The same applies to the teaching and assessment of those competences. Essentially, we are concerned with the goals of the education and the goals of the assessment. If we are concerned with the process of learning, formative assessment is appropriate, but if we want to know what has been learnt, summative assessment, using assignments with scoring instructions is better. In the Netherlands we have a context-based exam curriculum in which specific contexts have been prescribed since the 80s. So, schoolbooks, and as a result of that, most of the Physics lessons are context-based as well. Because of the principle “test what you teach”, all exam questions are context-based too. With the help of ICT (data acquisition, video-analysis modelling, data-analysis or a simulation program) a lot of problems on several subjects are becoming more clear. Teachers and students can use software like COACH for doing measurements on film fragments and modelling the results. In the COMPEX project in the Netherlands, working over 3 levels corresponding to lower vocational, higher vocational and pre-university education, we used Applets, Excel, Data processing, video measurements and modeling in the tests. Because the students used the same software in their lessons, they had the skills to use the software. The questions and answers were on paper. The purpose of the project was to assess the skills competences they learned in the physics lessons.
Developing procedural knowledge in secondary education students
Authors: Taramopoulos Athanasios , Psillos Dimitrios
Published: July 2022

This pilot study examines the development of procedural knowledge in high school students after being subjected to an innovative context-specific inquiry-based Teaching Learning Sequence (TLS) utilizing an open virtual AC electric circuit laboratory environment. Instruction aimed at developing students’ knowledge on experiment design and implementation through explicit teaching of scientific experimentation procedures. After instruction, students appear to have significantly advanced both their procedural and conceptual knowledge with a strong positive correlation between them. Thus, it seems that, when teachers enrich instruction with explicit teaching of the experimentation steps and metacognition-enhancing activities, students may develop their procedural knowledge along with conceptual knowledge.
System thinking skills: a questionnaire to investigate them
Authors: Zanella S
Published: July 2022

The aim is to make available in Italian a tool for measuring the system thinking skills of students aged between 10 and 14 years. The System Thinking Assessment (STA), developed and validated in Greek for students in Cyprus, has been translated, adapted and digitized so that it can be used as a small- and large-scale survey method in Italy. Two fifth-grade elementary school classes, a total of 43 students, were chosen as pilot classes for the administration of the test. This allowed us to determine the timeline for administering it in an average time of 30 minutes. To assess the difficulty of the test connected with the age group, an analysis of the item difficulty and discrimination index was made. This, together with the comments asked to the participants, led to the conclusion that the STA is suitable and usable for Italian 10-year-old students and can be used for the construction of a pathway connected with system thinking.
Work Group 5 Position Paper: Strategies for Pre-service Physics Teacher Education
Authors: Couso D , Fazio C , Ješková Z
Published: July 2022

Pre-service physics teacher education is key in preparing prospective physics teachers to effectively support student learning and interest development alike. In order to do this, pre-service teachers must acquire, among other things, a profound teaching-oriented content knowledge and positive stance regarding teaching and motivation towards teaching. However, there are many more issues related to pre-service physics teacher education. In this paper, we report about some questions raised and answers proposed about this subject during the GIREP Malta 2020 Webinar Work Group 5 discussions.