bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects of Development of the Agrarian Sector of Russian Economy
Authors: Кузнецова О. , Kuznetsova O.
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the work includes identification of the main problems of the agrarian sector of the economy of Russia and some ways of their solution. The author of article in the course of the research analyzed the main state measures stimulating development of the Russian agricultural producers and revealed restrictive factors. The author designated the prospects of development of the agrarian sector of Russia on the basis of foreign experience of the state support of agrarian formations. One of the key proposals of the author is the model of the state support of agrarian financial and industrial groups. The central place in the recommended model is taken by process of issue of state grants for financing of innovative projects. The author designated three types of such projects: innovative capital investments in the field of introduction of the special harvest equipment; the innovative projects having a certain experience of application in Russia (more than 3 years); new innovative projects.
Organization of Planned and Budgetary Activities Within the Industrial Cluster
Authors: Гаврилова И. , Gavrilova I.
Published: February 2018

The implementation of the goals for achieving the Russian Federation’s level of the sixth technological order directly depends on industry. After all, industrial enterprises concentrate projects to implement innovative developments, which have no analogues in the world. Often noncompetitiveness with the world industrial community of developed countries lies in the backlog of industrial enterprises from modern technologies (management, planning and budgeting of projects, etc.). As a rule, within the same city, there are enterprises that are similar in their design. They can be combined into one industrial cluster. Inside one cluster, organize a unified system of interaction in different areas, for example, in the sphere of: planning, budgeting. At the same time, the introduction of modern technologies (program resources that automate and generalize the project management process), as a pilot project only at one of the cluster enterprises, will save investment in development at each individual enterprise.
Concept of the Notion of «Reserves» and its Effects on Accounting Practice
Authors: Миславская Н. , Mislavskaya N.
Published: February 2018

Th e number of practical accounting problems associated with various interpretations of the provisions of International Financial Reporting Standards continues to increase. Inventory accounting is no exception. Th e ambiguity of the methodological interpretation of this concept requires the implementation of reform procedures. One of the variants of possible changes, based on the formal adherence to the provisions of IAS 2 «Reserves», is considered and proposed by the author.
The Measurement and Management of the Accounting System Entropy Level
Authors: Устинова Яна , Ustinova Yana
Published: February 2018

Th is article considers the features of interpretation of the entropy applied to accounting from a theory and practice position, analyzes the possible approaches to the accounting system entropy measurement and recommended measures to manage its level. At the same time, author’s approach to entropy evaluation is grounded from the position of users as the loss of information content of the fi nancial statements. Objective function of entropy level management is grounded as its optimization, a balance between the self-organization, sustainability of the accounting system and its creative potential in solving non-standard tasks in condition of uncertainty.
Investment analysis
Authors: Серов Виктор , Serov Viktor , Богомолова Екатерина , Bogomolova Ekaterina , Моисеенко Наталья , Moiseenko Natalya
Published: February 2018

The basic provisions and the content of economic analysis in the process of investment activities of enterprises and organizations. The article reveals the concept and content of investment and investment activity, considers the main tools of economic calculations and justifications during the investment analysis, methods of analysis of the investment market, forms and methods for determining, calculating and analyzing the economic efficiency of investment projects, sources of financial support for investments and evaluation of their value, portfolio management, the content of business plans of investment projects, methods and forms of state regulation of investment activity and legal protection of investments.
How to use the practice microscope
Authors: Macfarlane Clara
Published: February 2018

Every veterinary practice should be equipped with a microscope and all veterinary nurses should become competent with its use. A basic knowledge of the precise setup of the microscope is essential for image quality and prompt results.
What's new for veterinary nurses to know about Rottweilers?
Authors: O'Neill Dan
Published: February 2018

This article summarises the findings of a major new study on Rottweilers from the VetCompass™ Programme at the Royal Veterinary College.
The role of CKIP-1 in osteoporosis development and treatment
Authors: Peng X. , Wu X. , Zhang J. , Zhang G. , Li G. , Pan X.
Published: February 2018

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, which results in increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Casein kinase 2-interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) is a protein that plays an important role in regulation of bone formation. The effect of CKIP-1 on bone formation is mainly mediated through negative regulation of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway. In addition, CKIP-1 has an important role in the progression of osteoporosis. This review provides a summary of the recent studies on the role of CKIP-1 in osteoporosis development and treatment.

Cite this article: X. Peng, X. Wu, J. Zhang, G. Zhang, G. Li, X. Pan. The role of CKIP-1 in osteoporosis development and treatment. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:173–178. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.72.BJR-2017-0172.R1.
A pilot hole does not reduce the strains or risk of fracture to the lateral cortex during and following a medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy in cadaveric specimens
Authors: Bujnowski K. , Getgood A. , Leitch K. , Farr J. , Dunning C. , Burkhart T. A.
Published: February 2018

Aim

It has been suggested that the use of a pilot-hole may reduce the risk of fracture to the lateral cortex. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a pilot hole on the strains and occurrence of fractures at the lateral cortex during the opening of a high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and post-surgery loading.

Materials and Methods

A total of 14 cadaveric tibias were randomized to either a pilot hole (n = 7) or a no-hole (n = 7) condition. Lateral cortex strains were measured while the osteotomy was opened 9 mm and secured in place with a locking plate. The tibias were then subjected to an initial 800 N load that increased by 200 N every 5000 cycles, until failure or a maximum load of 2500 N.

Results

There was no significant difference in the strains on the lateral cortex during HTO opening between the pilot hole and no-hole conditions. Similarly, the lateral cortex and fixation plate strains were not significantly different during cyclic loading between the two conditions. Using a pilot hole did not significantly decrease the strains experienced at the lateral cortex, nor did it reduce the risk of fracture.

Conclusions

The nonsignificant differences found here most likely occurred because the pilot hole merely translated the stress concentration laterally to a parallel point on the surface of the hole. Cite this article: K. Bujnowski, A. Getgood, K. Leitch, J. Farr, C. Dunning, T. A. Burkhart. A pilot hole does not reduce the strains or risk of fracture to the lateral cortex during and following a medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy in cadaveric specimens. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:166–172. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.72.BJR-2017-0337.R1.
Growth and Decline in Language and Phonological Memory Over Two Years Among Adolescents With Down Syndrome
Authors: Conners Frances A. , Tungate Andrew S. , Abbeduto Leonard , Merrill Edward C. , Faught Gayle G.
Published: February 2018

Forty-two adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) ages 10 to 21 years completed a battery of language and phonological memory measures twice, 2 years apart. Individual differences were highly stable across two years. Receptive vocabulary scores improved, there was no change in receptive or expressive grammar scores, and nonword repetition scores declined. Digit memory and expressive vocabulary scores improved among younger adolescents, but generally held steady among older adolescents. These patterns may reveal key points in development at which interventions may be best applied. Further research is needed to understand specific processes in tasks that appear to be slowing or declining during adolescence. They may be important for understanding early aging and dementia in DS.
Biological Variation of Creatinine, Cystatin C, and eGFR over 24 Hours
Authors: Hilderink Judith M , van der Linden Noreen , Kimenai Dorien M , Litjens Elisabeth J R , Klinkenberg Lieke J J , Aref Breshna M , Aziz Fahra , Kooman Jeroen P , Rennenberg Roger J M W , Bekers Otto , Koopmans Richard P , Meex Steven J R
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is widely used in clinical practice. This study assessed the within-subject biological variation (CVI) of different eGFR equations in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and people without CKD. The aims of this study were (a) to determine the 24-h biological variation profiles of creatinine, cystatin C, and eGFR and (b) to determine whether CVI of creatinine, cystatin C, and eGFR changes on deterioration of glomerular filtration.

METHODS

Hourly blood samples were analyzed from 37 individuals (17 without CKD, 20 with CKD) during 24 h. Creatinine (enzymatic method) and cystatin C were measured using a Cobas 8000 (Roche Diagnostics). eGFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration based on creatinine and/or cystatin C. Plasma samples were stored at −80 °C before analysis. Outlier and homogeneity analyses were checked before performing a nested ANOVA to determine biological variation.

RESULTS

CVI of creatinine was higher in people without CKD than in those with CKD (6.4% vs 2.5%) owing primarily to the more profound effect of meat consumption on creatinine variability in individuals with lower baseline creatinine concentrations. Unlike creatinine, cystatin C concentrations were unaffected by meat consumption. Cystatin C showed some diurnal rhythmic variation and less in people with CKD. Reference change values (RCVs) of all eGFR equations were within 13% to 20% in both study groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite differences in CVI of creatinine, the CVI and RCV of the eGFR equations were relatively similar for people with or without CKD.
Condutividade hidráulica da formação rio claro a partir de ensaios granulométricos
Authors: Gonçalves Roger Dias , Chang Hung Kiang
Published: February 2018

A condutividade hidráulica (K) é um fator determinante em relação às características de um aquífero, permitindo (ou não) a transmissão de fluidos e influenciando, assim, na velocidade de fluxo em diferentes camadas geológicas. Dessa forma, constitui fator-chave na compreensão do fluxo de água e de contaminantes. Neste trabalho, a granulometria do Aquífero Rio Claro é utilizada para mais bem entender a distribuição de suas propriedades hidráulicas, em particular da condutividade hidráulica, obtida pelos métodos de Hazen, Shepherd e Krumbein & Monk. Os resultados foram comparados a testes de slug (Hvorslev) efetuados em poços existentes que exploram o aquífero. Verificou-se que a Formação Rio Claro apresenta grande variabilidade na relação areia/argila, sendo constituída por areias limpas, areias argilosas, até lentes silto-argilosas. A variabilidade granulométrica é grande próximo ao contato com a Formação Corumbataí, com mudanças marcantes nas quantidades de argila, silte e areia fina, além de contribuição expressiva de grânulos. Essa variabilidade litológica influencia na distribuição da condutividade hidráulica, cujos valores variam entre 8 x 10-3 cm/s e 2 x 10-3 cm/s em arenitos e são cerca de duas a três ordens de grandeza menores em lamitos. Os arenitos da Formação Rio Claro, apesar de espessuras restritas, possuem alta condutividade hidráulica, constituindo um ótimo reservatório de águas subterrâneas; porém, a presença de espessas lentes de argila pode atuar como barreiras hidráulicas. Desse modo, esta unidade aquífera tem o seu potencial de explotação subordinado à presença e continuidade espacial de camadas de arenitos com pouca matriz.
Selection of indexes to evaluate the genetic variability aiming ornamental use of peppers accessions
Authors: Da Luz Petterson Baptista , Dos Santos Alessandro Aparecido Brito , Ambrosio Valdete Campos , Neves Leonarda Grillo , Tavares Armando Reis
Published: February 2018

There are few varieties of commercial peppers for landscape use, although Capsicum germplasm banks in Brazil have accesses that can be used in breeding programs to create new ornamental peppers. The present study aims evaluate the genetic variability of pepper accesses in relation to their ornamental potential by a selection of indices. A total of 55 peppers accessions were used in the germplasm collection of Mato Grosso State University. The heritability of the studied variables showed that all the variables have high heritability. Fruit length and weight showed the highest heritability values with 99.88% and 99.67%, respectively. The selection based on Summa Rank-Based Index would result in plants with long fruits and peduncles, fruits with higher weight and wider, with leaves and petioles with longer lengths, and a reduction of other characteristics. The Base and the Classical Indexes are significant, as it would result in compact canopy and reduced plants, desired characteristics for ornamental plants. The index based on Summa Rank-Based Index permitted a great gain in pepper selection for ornamental purpose.
New exact solutions of the combined and double combined sinh-cosh-Gordon equations via modified Kudryashov method
Authors: Joardar Atish Kumar , Kumar Dipankar , Woadud K. M. Abdul Al
Published: February 2018

The combined and double combined sinh-cosh-Gordon equations are very important to a wide range of various scientific applications that ranges from chemical reactions to water surface gravity waves. In this article, with the assistance of a function transform and PainlevÃ¨ property, the nonlinear combined and double combined sinh-cosh-Gordon equations turn into ordinary differential equations. Later on, modified Kudryashov method is adopted for investigating new analytical solution of the studied equations. As a consequence, a series of new analytical solutions are acquired and we demonstrated the actual behavior of the achieved solutions of the mentioned equations with the aid of 3D and 2D MATLAB graphs. Finally, we also validate the effectiveness of the modified Kudryashov method for the problem of extracting new exact solutions of the combined and double combined sinh-cosh-Gordon equations with the aid of Maple package program. It is shown that the implemented method is capable to extract new solutions and it can also use to other nonlinear partial differential equation (NLPDE's) arising in mathematical physics or other applied field.
Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Polar Bears in the Northern Eeyou Marine Region, Québec, Canada + Supplementary Appendix 1 (See Article Tools)
Authors: Laforest Brandon J. , Hébert Julie S. , Obbard Martyn E. , Thiemann Gregory W.
Published: February 2018

Polar bears are important socio-cultural symbols in the communities of the Eeyou Marine Region (EMR) in northwestern Québec, Canada. Members of the Cree communities in this region are generally not active polar bear hunters, but they encounter polar bears when fishing, trapping, or hunting during the ice-free season. A growing body of scientific evidence suggests that reduced annual sea ice cover in Hudson Bay has led to declines in body condition of polar bears in the local Southern Hudson Bay subpopulation and to a population decline in the neighboring Western Hudson Bay subpopulation. In June 2012, we conducted 15 semi-directed interviews on the subject of polar bear biology and climate change with local elders and hunters in three communities in the northern EMR: Wemindji, Chisasibi, and Whapmagoostui. The interviews held in Whapmagoostui included informants from Kuujjuarapik, the adjacent Inuit community. The interviews addressed knowledge gaps in the Recovery Strategy for Polar Bear in Ontario. Transcripts of the interviews were coded thematically and analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The interviews revealed important insights into polar bear distribution, terrestrial habitat use, denning, and foraging patterns. Participants were unanimous in their recognition of a warming climate and prolonged ice-free season in the area in recent years. However, communities differed in their observations on other issues, with latitudinal trends evident in observations of polar bear distribution, denning activity, and foraging habits. Communities also differed in their perception of the prevalence of problem polar bears and the conservation status of the species, with one-third of participants reporting that polar bears will be unaffected by, or even benefit from, longer ice-free periods. A majority of participants indicated that the local polar bear population was stable or increasing. Interviewees also identified future research priorities pertinent to the communities, and provided comments on the methods employed by polar bear biologists. Our results demonstrate that communities in the EMR have important knowledge about polar bear ecology and illustrate the unique opportunities and challenges of combining traditional ecological knowledge with wildlife science in the context of a rapidly changing subarctic environment.
The Effect of Road Proximity on Arthropod Communities in Yukon, Canada + Supplementary Appendix 1 (See Article Tools)
Authors: Ste-Marie Eric , Turney Shaun , Buddle Christopher M.
Published: February 2018

Roads affect the ecosystems they traverse: road construction and maintenance constitute substantial disturbance, while roads and vehicles have hydrological, thermal, and other abiotic effects. Arthropod communities respond to these abiotic effects of roads, as well as to the indirect effects of vegetation changes. The Dempster Highway is a year-round gravel highway that travels 737 km through the Subarctic and Arctic ecosystems of Yukon and the Northwest Territories, Canada. In July 2016, in a Subarctic region of Yukon, we established nine transects spaced at 4 – 12 km intervals along a 56 km segment of the Dempster Highway and sampled arthropods at 1, 10, and 100 m from the highway on each transect. Our objective was to determine the effect of road proximity on the diversity, abundance, and composition of arthropod communities, with a special focus on the functionally and phylogenetically diverse group, Hymenoptera. We found that total arthropod abundance was lowest at the intermediate distance from the road, a pattern driven by high Diptera abundance close to the road and high Collembola abundance far from the road. We suggest that Diptera may be responding to increased moisture and plant biomass near the road, while Collembola may be responding to changes in soil characteristics. Hymenoptera abundance was greater close to the road than farther away, a pattern that may be driven by high Diptera parasitoid abundance near the road. Our results suggest that arthropods are good indicators of ecosystem function and that roads may have important effects on Subarctic ecosystem services (e.g., pollination, pest control). As infrastructural development continues in the Canadian North, it is of vital importance to anticipate and predict the effects of this development on the unique and diverse fauna of the Subarctic ecosystem.
Social Variables in Learning Mathematics
Authors: Ünsal Serkan , Korkmaz Fahrettin , Aydemir Mikail
Published: February 2018

This
research aims to evaluate what social variables affect students' mathematics
learning in the context of student and teacher perspectives. This research
using qualitative research has been carried out with the phenomenological
pattern model. The research was carried out in 2016-2017 educational year with
mathematics teachers working in Kahramanmaras and students attending secondary
education. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview form
prepared by the researchers. Both descriptive analysis and content analysis
were used in the analysis of the data and the findings were tabled and
interpreted in the form of opinions of teachers and students. While the
students stated that the social variables affecting mathematics education are
the friends, family, and other branch teachers according to the order of
frequency, while the social variables affecting mathematics education are the
family, other branch teachers and friends for the teachers. In the process of
learning mathematics in the research family; such as providing morale /
motivation support, helping to study, requirement student material, showing
interest and following up. Again in the mathematics learning friends;
motivation, facilitation, facilitating learning, creating a competitive
environment, as well as negative effects such as disruption of study,
irrelevance of classes and prejudice. Based on the findings of the research,
the results were weighed and some suggestions were made.
Teachers’ Opinions on Primary and Secondary School Students’ Reading Comprehension Levels
Authors: Ekşioğlu Subhan , Demirtaş Zeynep , Demirkol Selda
Published: February 2018

The aim of this research is detect teachers’ opinions on primary-secondary school students’ reading comprehension levels. This study was employed with interview method, which is one of qualitative research methods. Working group consist of 22 teachers, who work in a primary school in Kocaeli at second term of 2016-2017 academic year. The conclusion of the study is as below: 1. Almost all of the teachers have the opinion that students’ reading comprehension levels are insufficient. 2. All of the teachers express that students have difficulty in comprehending and answering questions from long texts according to their observations as an indicator of reading comprehension levels. 3. Most of the teachers express that students’ insufficient reading habit and families’ lack of interest are the reasons of students’ insufficient reading comprehension levels. 4. It is detected that almost all of the teachers do activities to improve students reading comprehension levels and the most popular activity of them is reading time in their own lessons. 5. Most of the teachers suggest that discussion method should be used in teaching-learning process, attractive and enjoyable reading activities suitable for all lessons should be done to improve students’ reading comprehension levels and encourage students to read.
Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students
Authors: OLPAK Yusuf Ziya , KILIÇ ÇAKMAK Ebru
Published: February 2018

This research has been
planned for presenting the relations between the social presence and
self-regulation in e-learning process which is very important for distance
education students. In this respect, it is tried to determined the learning
strategies which predict the social presence perceptions of the students. The
research which is carried out according to the survey model, is actualize with
the data obtained from 61 students giving appropriate answers to the questions
in data collection tools. In collecting the data; motivated strategies for
learning questionnaire, social presence scale and personal information form
which is developed by the authors, has been used. In analyzing the data;
descriptive statistics, stepwise regression analysis and one way ANOVA are
used. Study results shows that e-learners perceived co-presence could be
predicted with two variables; organization and help seeking, e-learners
perceived influence could be predicted with three variables; organization, help
seeking and effort regulation, e-learners perceived cohesiveness could be
predicted with three variables; help seeking, organization and effort
regulation, and e-learners perceived social presence could be predicted with
three variables; organization, help seeking and effort regulation. Besides, the
social presence perception of the students, do not show a significant
difference according to the gender, class level and department variables.
Pertumbuhan dan produksi selada (Lactuca sativa l.) pada pemberian berbagai jenis pupuk organik
Authors: Asprillia Sarah Vanda , Darmawati Adriani , Slamet Widyati
Published: February 2018

The aimed of the research was to analyze the effect the organic fertilizer to increase growth and production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The Research was conducted on April - July 2017 at Taburmas Garden, Mpu Tantular street, No. 10-12 Bandungan, Semarang. The research design was Completely Randomized Design with 7 treatmentsand 3 replications so that there were 21 units of experiment. The research used organic fertilizer 100 kg N/ha. The treatment were; T0: no organic fertilizer, T1: cow manure (1.15 kg/plot), T2: goat manure (1.16 kg/plot), T3: litter compost (1.5 kg/plot), T4: fertilizer guano (0.226 kg/plot), T5: chicken manure (1,176 kg/plot), T6: rabbit manure (0.763 kg/plot). Data were subjected to Analysis of variance(ANOVA) and continued byDuncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at α=5%. The results of this study showed that the use of organic fertilizer increased the growth and production of lettuce. Guano ferlitizer and chicken manure fertilizersresulted the highest growth and production in lettuce plants. Keywords : lettuce, organic fertilizer.
FORMULASI HUKUM, LANGKAH MENGATASI PROBLEMATIKA EKSEKUSI HAK TANGGUNGAN DALAM PENYELESAIAN KREDIT MACET
Authors: Susila Agus
Published: February 2018

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menentukan Formulasi Hukum Dan Langkah-Langkah Untuk Mengatasi Problematika Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan Dalam Penyelesaian Kredit Macet. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif Sumber data berupa data sekunder yang terdiri atas bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa; Kedudukan Kreditur sebagai Pemegang Hak Tanggungan atas jaminan Sertifikat Hak Guna Bangunan (SHGB) yang masa atau jangka waktu berlakunya SHGB tersebut telah berakhir dan belum diperpanjang sehingga menyebabkan Hak Tanggungan yang melekat dalam SHGB tersebut menjadi hapus dan Debitur telah Wanprestasi kepada Kreditur. Sehingga diperlukan Formulasi Hukum Dan Langkah-Langkah Untuk Mengatasi Problematika Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan Dalam Penyelesaian Kredit Macet.
MENALAR SEL MEWAH DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN
Authors: Ohoiwutun Y.A. Triana , Samsudi Samsudi
Published: February 2018

Ancaman pidana penjara menempati posisi sentral dalam stelsel pidana, berakibat pada banyaknya penjatuhan sanksi pidana penjara terhadap pelaku tindak pidana, sehingga terjadi kelebihan kapasitas daya tampung lapas. Kelebihan daya tampung lapas, berakibat keterbatasan fasilitas yang disediakan untuk narapidana, sehingga terjadi permainan kotor atau suap. Fasilitas tertentu yang istimewa di dalam sel, hanya dapat dinikmati sebagian orang kaya. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dapat dilakukan pencegahan dan penanggulangan melalui kebijakan kriminal, yaitu melalui sarana penal dan non penal.
KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM REDISTRIBUSI TANAH BEKAS PERKEBUNAN DALAM MENUNJANG PEMBANGUNAN SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Isnaeni Diyan
Published: February 2018

Implementasi program redistribusi bekas tanah perkebunan dilakukan dengan cara mediasi. Kemudian  pada tahun 2011dikeluarkanlah Surat Keputusan  Landreform dan Surat Keputusan Konsolidasi Tanah (land Consolidation) dimana SK Landreform berisi tentang jumlah luas tanah yang diredistribusi adalah 280 ha dan meminta untuk dikeluarkan Surat Keputusan  Redistribusi tanah tersebut, sedangkan SK Konsolidasi diputuskan dengan luas 25 ha. Kebijakan program redistribusi tanah adalah bagian dari reforma agraria dimana reforma agraria tidak hanya dipahami sebagai kebijakan untuk redistribusi tanah, yang disebut dengan asset reform, tetapi juga sebagai proses yang lebih luas seperti akses ke sumber dayaalam, keuangan/modal, teknologi, pasar, barang dan tenaga kerja, dan juga distribusi kekuatan politik atau disebut dengan acces reform.
PENALARAN HAKIM MENERAPKAN AJARAN PENYERTAAN DALAM PUTUSAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PADA BANK RIAU-KEPRI
Authors: Musa Muhammad
Published: February 2018

Perbedaan penalaran hakim memutus perkara korupsi pemberian kredit yang terjadi di Bank Riau-Kepri,menjadi persoalan yuridis ketika menentukan kesalahan perbuatan turut serta para terdakwa. Permasalahan yang diteliti adalah tentang konstruksi pemikiran hakim menentukan unsur tindak pidana  dan kesalahan para terdakwa. Urgensi penelitian ini untuk memahami pilihan prakis hakim menggunakan ajaran penyertaan, ketika menerapkan Pasal 55 KUHP dalam mengadili perbuatan turut serta. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakani yuridis empiris dengan spesifikasi penelitian hukum normatif. Temuan penelitian, bahwa perbuatan pemberi kredit dari Bank Riau-Kepri terbukti bersalah dan dipidana. Penerima kredit diputus lepas dari segala tuntutan hukum. Konstruksi penalaran hakim, perbuatan penerima kredit tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana karena perbuatan yang terbukti masuk  dalam lingkup hukum perdata.
When Skill and Wisdom Merge
Authors: McMullen Linda M.
Published: February 2018

Sam Hamburg's (2018) case studies of the use of metaphoric tasks in psychotherapy take us into the storied course of therapy with "Margie" and with "Amy." In the nuances of Hamburg's accounts of these two sometimes similar, often different case studies, we see how metaphoric tasks can be conceived, implemented, and understood, and how the sensory-evoking, relationship-enhancing potential of metaphor can be enacted. We also see at work a deeply committed, thoughtful, and skilled practitioner-researcher who is, at once, cautious in his claims about the relation between metaphor use and therapy outcome, confident in what he knows about the practice of psychotherapy, and wise in his integration of the two.
Modeling of Permeation and Fracturing Grouting in Sand: Laboratory Investigations
Authors: Cheng Wen-Chieh , Ni James C. , Shen Jack S. , Wang Zhi-Feng
Published: February 2018

One of the significant aspects of permeation grouting is the prevention of soil fracturing during construction. In this study, a newly designed laboratory apparatus including an overburden pressure modelling system, grouting chamber, grout injection control system, back-pressure monitoring system, and high-efficiency grout mixer is developed. A wet-raining method is adopted to prepare two 45-cm-diameter, 50-cm-high, poorly graded sandy soil specimens. A bleeding test is first conducted to select a cement-bentonite mixture with minimal bleeding. A series of both water injection tests and grout injection tests are carried out to investigate the threshold seepage velocity, the fracture initiation pressure, and the factors affecting the fracture initiation pressure, using a plot of injection pressure (p) against injection rate (q). In the water injection test series, tests are repeated at two effective overburden pressures, 49 kN/m2 and 98 kN/m2, and in the grout injection test series, tests are carried out at an effective overburden pressure of 98 kN/m2. The initial orientation of the fractures and their subsequent development are mapped and discussed. In the future, the fracture initiation pressure and the threshold seepage velocity can be evaluated by reference to the p-q curve suggested in this paper using a series of modelled p-q curves for different overburden pressures. Prior to field permeation grouting work, trial grouting is deemed necessary to verify the correctness of the obtained laboratory results, in order to prevent hydrofracturing of the soil.
Foam Control of Trisiloxane Alkoxylate Superspreaders with Modified Trisiloxane Alkoxylates: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Koczo Kalman , Howie Dylan , Policello George A. , Truong Linh , Brown William L. , Naue Jeferson A.
Published: February 2018

Foam control of trisiloxane alkoxylate (TSA) superspreader solutions with traditional antifoams (typically silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane) is often poor or not possible. To solve this problem, a new foam control method was developed for TSAs in which the superspreader is blended with a low-foam component that is also a TSA but with hydrophobic end groups. These new low-foam TSAs that act like foam control agents (TSA-AFs) are soluble in the TSA superspreaders, and the two components are preblended (5–20 % TSA-AF) before dilution. The behavior of this low-foaming blend is also unusual. There is a delay in the rupture of the superspreader foam during which seemingly nothing happens, but then the foam collapses so fast that only a high-speed video can show how the collapse progressed (avalanche effect). Nevertheless, TSA-AFs break only foams from trisiloxanes. To understand this new phenomenon and its possible mechanism, we studied foams of TSA solutions with TSA-AFs created by bubbling. The collapse times were random, and after a time lag a metastable state was reached, after which the slightest mechanical shock could trigger the catastrophic collapse of the foam. We found that the foam collapse was caused by the insoluble drops that contained both TSA and TSA-AF, and the effect was strongest when the drops contained a mixture of both. Very small drops (homogenized) did not break the foam as expected. In the proposed mechanism the drops collect inside the Plateau borders of the foam with the highest capillary pressure at the top layer of foam, and then the collapse starts there, creating a mechanical shock, which then rapidly propagates downward.
Can EPTC Simulate Adjuvant Effects with POST Herbicides?
Authors: Adams Jason W. , Zollinger Richard K.
Published: February 2018

S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) is a soil-applied herbicide registered for use in many specialty crops and provides limited weed control applied alone. However, the lipid synthesis inhibitor mode of action of EPTC may improve POST-applied herbicide efficacy by altering cuticle formation. Studies were performed in 2014, 2015, and 2016 to assess whether EPTC applied PRE or POST increased POST-applied herbicide efficacy. Treatments were arranged as a randomized complete block design with three replications. EPTC at 3,360 or 4,480 g ha−1 or ethofumesate at 280 or 560 g ha−1 were applied pre-plant incorporated in late May 2014 followed by bentazon at 70 g ha−1, halosulfuron-methyl at 35 g ha−1, or fomesafen at 210 g ha−1 applied POST to 5- to 8-cm weeds in late June. EPTC was applied in late May 2015 at 980, 1,960, and 2,940 g ha−1 followed by bentazon, halosulfuron-methyl, or fomesafen as previously described. EPTC was applied POST at 980, 1,960, 2,940 g ha−1 in combination with or 7 days prior to bentazon, halosulfuron-methyl, or fomesafen as previously described in May 2016. Visible injury to redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) was evaluated 14 and 28 days after treatment (DAT). EPTC applied PRE at labeled field rates increased the efficacy of all POST herbicides to greater than 90 % control 14 and 28 DAT on all weeds. The benefit of EPTC was more apparent at 28 DAT when the control remained higher compared with POST herbicides alone. The rate of EPTC should be greater than 1960 g ha−1 to achieve an acceptable level (80–100 %) of weed control. EPTC applied POST 7 days prior to or tank-mixed with POST herbicides increased weed control approximately 10 % regardless of POST herbicide.
Man-Portable Real-Time Ballast Inspection Device Using Ground-Penetrating Radar
Authors: Oden Charles P. , Ho Carlton L. , Kashani Hamed F.
Published: February 2018

Man-portable tools for noninvasive evaluation of ballast condition are being developed to assist with walking inspection of railways. A prototype instrument called the Radar Ballast Inspection Tool (RABIT) has been built that combines ground-penetration radar and real-time analysis algorithms with the goal of nondestructively assessing ballast condition and providing immediate results in the field. The first generation RABIT was designed to take measurements from single locations on the track with the goal of providing real-time ballast condition measurements to inspectors in the field. In order to train the analysis algorithms and test the system performance, a series of full-scale track models was constructed indoors that had varying amounts of ballast fouling and moisture. RABIT measurements were taken at various stationary locations on each track model. These measurements had a high degree of repeatability and provided reliable ballast fouling and moisture content when these values were below about 15 % and 2 % by weight, respectively. However, when the fouling or moisture content (or both) increased beyond these levels, the readings varied from location to location, indicating spatial variability in ballast condition. Despite efforts to build a uniform ballast model, adding moisture by irrigation caused the fine-grained material to migrate downward, resulting in heterogeneous conditions. Field conditions will almost certainly have more variability than controlled laboratory conditions. Therefore, it was concluded that rather than taking measurements at single locations, the measurements need to be made continuously over a few cribs. Accordingly, a second-generation RABIT has been built that is more lightweight and can roll down the track to make measurements over a more representative length of track. A comprehensive field test program to test and verify the new instrument is in progress.
Willingness to Take PrEP for HIV Prevention: The Combined Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Provider Trust
Authors: Braksmajer Amy , Fedor Theresa M. , Chen Shaw-Ree , Corales Roberto , Holt Sally , Valenti William , McMahon James M.
Published: February 2018

Blacks and Hispanics/Latinos are disproportionately burdened by HIV compared to non-Hispanic Whites, as evidenced by higher HIV incidence, prevalence, and deaths attributable to AIDS. Increasing the use of novel prevention techniques such as Truvada for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) could greatly help in reducing these disparities by lowering HIV incidence among these higher risk groups. Trust in providers, which may differ by race and ethnicity, may influence willingness to take PrEP. This study explores the moderating effect of race/ethnicity on trust in one's primary care provider (PCP) on PrEP willingness. This study found a significant association between PCP trust and PrEP willingness, with those with greater trust having 3.24 times the adjusted odds of being willing to try PrEP. Results regarding the effects of race and ethnicity on these outcomes, however, were inconclusive. Results indicate the importance of fostering trust between PrEP-prescribing PCPs and their patients.
A PrEP Information and Self-Screening Tool for Women
Authors: Collier Kate L. , Colarossi Lisa G. , Sanders Kimberly
Published: February 2018

Although HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective for women, studies show limited uptake among women to date. Barriers to women's PrEP uptake include their limited knowledge about PrEP and low perceived HIV risk. To address these barriers, we developed and pretested a printed palm card containing HIV prevention/PrEP information that addressed HIV prevention motivation with self-assessment questions about HIV risk. We conducted expert interviews (N = 8), focus groups with health, education, and social service providers (N = 13), and interviews with community women (N = 30) in New York City to assess attention to and acceptability of the card, comprehension of the information, and potential impact on prevention motivation. The card format and content were found to be acceptable and potentially motivational for preventive behaviors, as well as particularly relevant for women. Results of testing for language use, comprehension, and attention guided the final version of the card content.
Climate change and sea ice: Shipping in Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, and Foxe Basin (1980–2016)
Authors: Andrews Jonathan , Babb David , Barber David G.
Published: February 2018

The seasonally ice-covered waters of Hudson Bay, James Bay, Foxe Basin, and Hudson Strait (“the study area”) are bordered by 39 communities with a total population of roughly 50,000 people, most of whom are Inuit or Cree. Sea ice is a cornerstone of the environment and culture of the study area but is also the main barrier to shipping traffic, which has been growing in the area. This paper presents a review of sea ice and shipping in the study area and an analysis of shipping accessibility as represented by the timing of breakup, freeze-up, and the open water season in its offshore and local waters. Offshore ice timing was analyzed using passive microwave-based data for 1980–2014; local ice timing near Rankin Inlet, Churchill, Kuujjuarapik/Whapmagoostui, and Salluit was examined using Canadian Ice Service ice charts for 1996–2016. Open water was defined using sea ice concentration thresholds of ≤15% (offshore) or <20% (local) in an attempt to represent accessible conditions for open water shipping vessels. The results for both offshore and local waters display considerable spatial variability. For offshore waters, breakup currently occurs between 17 May and 19 August and freeze-up occurs between 22 October and 30 December, with overall trends (1980–2014) of +0.58 days year–1 towards an earlier breakup, +0.47 days year–1 towards a later freeze-up, and +0.97 days year–1 towards a longer open water season. Also, significant relationships amongst breakup and freeze-up were observed. For local waters, the 1996–2016 average open water season at the four communities varied between 112.7 days (Churchill) and 154.7 days (Kuujjuarapik/Whapmagoostui). Ultimately, shipping accessibility to Rankin Inlet, Churchill, and Salluit appears to be limited by their local ice timing, while accessibility to Kuujjuarapik/Whapmagoostui appears to be limited by ice timing in northeastern Hudson Bay.
Genomic-Enabled Prediction Kernel Models with Random Intercepts for Multi-environment Trials
Authors: Cuevas Jaime , Granato Italo , Fritsche-Neto Roberto , Montesinos-Lopez Osval A , Burgueño Juan , Bandeira e Sousa Massaine , Crossa José
Published: February 2018

In this study, we compared the prediction accuracy of the main genotypic effect model (MM) without G×E interactions, the multi-environment single variance G×E deviation model (MDs), and the multi-environment environment-specific variance G×E deviation model (MDe) where the random genetic effects of the lines are modeled with the markers (or pedigree). With the objective of further modeling the genetic residual of the lines, we incorporated the random intercepts of the lines (l) and generated another three models. Each of these 6 models were fitted with a linear kernel method (Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Predictor, GB) and a Gaussian Kernel (GK) method. We compared these 12 model-method combinations with another two multi-environment G×E interactions models with unstructured variance-covariances (MUC) using GB and GK kernels (4 model-method). Thus, we compared the genomic-enabled prediction accuracy of a total of 16 model-method combinations on two maize data sets with positive phenotypic correlations among environments, and on two wheat data sets with complex G×E that includes some negative and close to zero phenotypic correlations among environments. The two models (MDs and MDE with the random intercept of the lines and the GK method) were computationally efficient and gave high prediction accuracy in the two maize data sets. Regarding the more complex G×E wheat data sets, the prediction accuracy of the model-method combination with G×E, MDs and MDe, including the random intercepts of the lines with GK method had important savings in computing time as compared with the G×E interaction multi-environment models with unstructured variance-covariances but with lower genomic prediction accuracy.
Targeted Long-Read Sequencing of a Locus Under Long-Term Balancing Selection inCapsella
Authors: Bachmann Jörg A , Tedder Andrew , Laenen Benjamin , Steige Kim A , Slotte Tanja
Published: February 2018

Rapid advances in short-read DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized population genomic studies, but there are genomic regions where this technology reaches its limits. Limitations mostly arise due to the difficulties in assembly or alignment to genomic regions of high sequence divergence and high repeat content, which are typical characteristics for loci under strong long-term balancing selection. Studying genetic diversity at such loci therefore remains challenging. Here, we investigate the feasibility and error rates associated with targeted long-read sequencing of a locus under balancing selection. For this purpose, we generated bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) containing the Brassicaceae S-locus, a region under strong negative frequency-dependent selection which has previously proven difficult to assemble in its entirety using short reads. We sequence S-locus BACs with single-molecule long-read sequencing technology and conduct de novo assembly of these S-locus haplotypes. By comparing repeated assemblies resulting from independent long-read sequencing runs on the same BAC clone we do not detect any structural errors, suggesting that reliable assemblies are generated, but we estimate an indel error rate of 5.7×10−5. A similar error rate was estimated based on comparison of Illumina short-read sequences and BAC assemblies. Our results show that, until de novo assembly of multiple individuals using long-read sequencing becomes feasible, targeted long-read sequencing of loci under balancing selection is a viable option with low error rates for single nucleotide polymorphisms or structural variation. We further find that short-read sequencing is a valuable complement, allowing correction of the relatively high rate of indel errors that result from this approach.