bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oligopeptide‐Induced Multifunctional Interface Layer with Protonated Hydrophobic Behavior and Strong Affinity for Highly Stable Zinc Anode
Authors: Liang Xiao , Yang Rui , Zheng Yongping , Zhang Fan , Zhang Wenjun , Lee Chun‐Sing , Tang Yongbing
Published: May 2024

Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted wide attention due to their low redox potential, high capacity, and intrinsic safety. However, key issues such as zinc dendrite growth, corrosion, and passivation on zinc anode detrimentally affect the electrochemical performance. Herein, as proof of a concept of oligopeptide, glutathione with functional groups including –NH2 and −SH is introduced as an electrolyte additive to construct a multifunctional electrode–electrolyte interface layer on the zinc anode. A protonated amino group (NH3+) is formed, which prevents the adsorption of water molecules on the Zn anode, building a hydrophobic interface layer and thus attenuating corrosion. Moreover, the strong interaction between the −SH and the zinc allows glutathione molecules to be tightly anchored to the electrode surface, constructing a robust interface layer. Consequently, a long cycling life of nearly 3000 h at 1 mA cm−2 for the Zn||Zn symmetric battery is achieved, and a stable cycling life of 1600 h is demonstrated at 3 mA cm−2. Furthermore, Zn||activated carbon (AC) hybrid capacitor with the glutathione‐containing electrolyte runs stably for nearly 28 000 cycles at 5 A g−1, among the best results of reported Zn hybrid capacitors.
Rationally Regulating Closed Pore Structures by Pitch Coating to Boost Sodium Storage Performance of Hard Carbon in Low‐voltage Platforms
Authors: Sun Dong , Zhao Lu , Sun Peiliang , Zhao Kai , Sun Yankun , Zhang Qi , Li Zechen , Ma Zhuang , Zheng Fangzhi , Yang Yin , Lu Changbo , Peng Chong , Xu Chunming , Xiao Zhihua , Ma Xinlong
Published: May 2024

Hard carbon (HC) materials with rich closed pore structures and nano‐scaled soft carbon coating layer have emerged as promising anode in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, it still remains a tremendous challenge to precisely regulate closed pore structures and soft carbon coating thicknesses for achieving excellent electrochemical performance in SIBs at low‐voltage platforms. Herein, PCHC‐10 with abundant and suitable‐sized closed pore size (0.45 nm) and nano‐scaled soft carbon coating layer has been accurately designed by chemical crosslink reaction between the pre‐oxidized phenolic resin and a small addition of pitch to form ester‐based bond. As anode, PCHC‐10 delivered large reversible capacity of 359.8 mAh g−1 within 0.001–2.5 V, and high capacity of 242.8 mAh g−1 in low voltage platforms (≤0.15 V). Besides, PCHC‐10 anode exhibits 91.4% capacity retention for 100 cycles, and Na3V2(PO4)3//PCHC‐10 full cell has superior rate performance and high energy density of 231.2 Wh kg−1. Furthermore, the detailed electrochemical storage behaviors and theoretical calculations revealed that the HC owning closed pore‐size of 0.45 nm has the strongest Na+ storage abilities in low‐voltage platforms. This work presents a novel insight for constructing HC with suitable‐sized closed pore structures and soft coating layer to boost Na+ storage capability in low‐voltage platforms.
Catalyzed Henry Reaction by Compartmentalized Copper‐Pyrazolyl‐Complex Modified Microgels
Authors: Grabowski Frédéric , Fink Fabian , Schier Walter S. , Soerensen Sven , Petrunin Alexander V. , Richtering Walter , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja , Pich Andrij
Published: May 2024

Compartmentalization of homogeneous catalysts enhances their catalytic performance and can even increase the selectivity. Microgels can serve as smart catalyst carrier systems offering the compartmentalization combined with good accessibility of the catalyst enabling the recyclability and re‐usability. Yet, the incorporation of coordination complexes into microgels has not been studied systematically, lacking in detailed insight in their structure and catalytic performance. Herein, microgels are synthesized with controlled number and localization of copper(II)‐pyrazolyl‐complexes. The catalytic activity of microgels in the Henry reactions is examined showing significantly higher yields compared to pure copper(II)‐pyrazolyl‐complexes. Furthermore, the localization of the copper(II)‐pyrazolyl‐complexes in the microgel core resulted in higher product yields than for microgel catalysts with copper(II) complexes in the shell. Microgel catalysts are demonstrated with copper(II) complexes that can be used in numerous reaction cycles, allow re‐loading of copper to recover catalytically active centers, and can be applicable in industrially‐relevant catalytic processes.
Band Alignment Tunning via the Facets of CdS Nanocrystals with g‐C3N4 for Unveiling Their Enhanced Photocatalytical Property
Authors: Zhang Youchao , Ran Xiaoli , Fu Haitao , Gong yanlong , Li Sijie , Gu Feng , Wang Shufen , An Xizhong , Su Dawei , Yang Xiaohong
Published: May 2024

The heterojunction is a great approach to profit the photogenerated electrons and holes separation and then enhance the photoelectric current for the photochemical reactions, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction. The intrinsic of the enhanced electrons and hole separation is ascribed to the appropriate band alignment between the two contact materials and plenty of research has reported the different band alignments formed by the different contacted bulk nanomaterials. Few studies focus on the precious crystal structure‐related band alignment. Here, the polyheptazine structured g‐C3N4 together with the wurtzite CdS is investigated, and different band alignments are formed through the different exposed crystal planes of CdS. It is found that along with the annealing temperature, the CdS will dominantly expose with the (110) facets and then form the S‐scheme heterojunction with the g‐C3N4. The formed built‐in electric field between the valence band of CdS and the conductive band of g‐C3N4 accelerates the recombination between the photogenerated electrons from CdS and holes from g‐C3N4. Meanwhile, it promotes the separation of the photogenerated electrons with holes from g‐C3N4, resulting in the superior photocatalytic HER performance. The study supplies a new venue for preciously tunneling the band alignments between the heterogeneous catalysts for optimizing the photoelectric properties.
Designing and Constructing a Skyrmion Diode Device via Antiferromagnetic Exchange Bias Engineering
Authors: Zhao Chenbo , Shen Laichuan , Cui Baoshan , He Bin , Wu Chuangwen , Li Jiahui , Guang Yao , Nie Zhuyang , Zheng Xiao , Yin Gen , Shen Ka , Wang Hao , Liang Shiheng , Zhou Yan , Han Xiufeng , Yu Guoqiang
Published: May 2024

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures with nanoscale dimensions. They hold great promises as the building blocks for new generations of racetrack memories and computing devices due to their prominent properties. However, skyrmionic devices fabricated within the framework of conventional lithography usually suffer from magnetic disorders at material boundaries where spin disorders can easily pin and destroy magnetic skyrmions. In the present work, a new paradigm is demonstrated that enables the precise patterning and control of micro‐scale skyrmion bubble devices using the domain walls rather than the physical boundaries of the material. Such a paradigm patterns the background magnetic domain to stage the skyrmion motion, which is precise, reconfigurable, nondestructive, and can resolve the conventional issues introduced by disorders. This paradigm is demonstrated by implementing a skyrmion diode using a precisely patterned asymmetric racetrack defined by magnetic domains. The interaction between a moving skyrmion and the staging domain walls is well understood by both skyrmion motion experiments and micromagnetic simulations. Such a new paradigm serves as a crucial foundation for device applications of magnetic skyrmions in general.
Mechanical‐Enhanced and Durable Zwitterionic Hydrogel Coating for Inhibiting Coagulation and Reducing Bacterial Infection
Authors: Yan Zhuojun , Yao Mengmeng , Zhao Zhongming , Yang Qi , Liu Rui , Liu Baijun , Wang Xueyu , Chen Liming , Zhang Hong , Wei Yuping , Yao Fanglian , Li Junjie
Published: May 2024

Blood‐contact medical devices are indispensable for clinical interventions, yet their susceptibility to thrombosis and bacterial infections poses substantial risks to treatment efficacy and patient well‐being. This study introduces a polysulfobetaine/alginate‐CuII (SAC) zwitterionic hydrogel coating on polyurethane (PU) surfaces. This approach retains the superhydrophilic and antifouling nature of pSBMA while conferring the antibacterial effects of copper ions. Meanwhile, the copper alginate network intertwines with the polysulfobetaine (pSBMA) network, enhancing its mechanical properties and overcoming inherent weaknesses, thereby improving coating durability. Compared to the substrate, the SAC hydrogel coating significantly reduces thrombus adhesion mass by approximately 81.5% during extracorporeal blood circulation and effectively prevents bacterial biofilm formation even in a high‐concentration bacterial milieu over 30 days. Moreover, the results from an isolated blood circulation model in New Zealand white rabbits affirm the impressive anticoagulant efficacy of the SAC hydrogel coating. The findings suggest that this hydrogel coating and its application method hold promise as a solution for blood‐contact material surface modification to address thrombosis and bacterial biofilm formation simultaneously.
Exciting Bacteria to a Hypersensitive State for Enhanced Aminoglycoside Therapy by a Rationally Constructed AIE Luminogen
Authors: Chen Chao , Li Xing , Wang Yilin , Sun Yingshu , Bao Yixuan , Zhang Jianyu , Zhang Ruoyao , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Mao Duo , Hou Peng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: May 2024

The diminishing effectiveness of existing aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs) compels scientists to seek new approaches to enhance the sensitivity of current AGs. Despite ongoing efforts, currently available approaches remain restricted. Herein, a novel strategy involving the rational construction of an aggregation‐induced‐emission luminogen (AIEgen) is introduced to significantly enhance Gram‐positive bacteria's susceptibility to AGs. The application of this approach involves the simple addition of AIEgens to bacteria followed by a 5 min light irradiation. Under light exposure, AIEgens efficiently generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevating intrabacterial ROS levels to a nonlethal threshold. Post treatment, the bacteria swiftly enter a hypersensitive state, resulting in a 21.9‐fold, 15.5‐fold, or 7.2‐fold increase in susceptibility to three AGs: kanamycin, gentamycin, and neomycin, respectively. Remarkably, this approach is specific to AGs, and the induced hypersensitivity displays unparalleled longevity and heritability. Further in vivo studies confirm a 7.0‐fold enhanced bactericidal ability of AGs against Gram‐positive bacteria through this novel approach. This research not only broadens the potential applications of AIEgens but also introduces a novel avenue to bolster the effectiveness of AGs in combating bacterial infections.
Gastroretentive Raft Forming System for Enhancing Therapeutic Effect of Drug‐Loaded Hollow Mesoporous Silica on Gastric Ulcers
Authors: Chen Huayuan , Pan Li , Zhang Chengyu , Liu Lin , Tu Bin , Liu Ergang , Huang Yongzhuo
Published: May 2024

Gastric ulcers are characterized by damage to the stomach lining and are often triggered by substances such as ethanol and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Patchouli alcohol (PA) has demonstrated effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers through antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects. However, the water insolubility of PA and rapid gastric emptying cause low drug concentration and poor absorption in the stomach, resulting in limited treatment efficacy of PA. This study develops an oral gastroretentive raft forming system (GRFDDS) containing the aminated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2‐HMSN) for PA delivery. The application of NH2‐HMSN can enhance PA‐loading capacity and water dispersibility, promoting bio‐adhesion to the gastric mucosa and sustained drug release. The incorporation of PA‐loaded NH2‐HMSN (NH2‐HMSN‐PA) into GRFDDS can facilitate gastric drug retention and achieve long action, thereby improving therapeutic effects. The results reveal that NH2‐HMSN‐PA protects the gastric mucosa damage by inhibiting NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis. The GRFDDS, optimized through orthogonal design, demonstrates the gastric retention capacity and sustained drug release, exhibiting significant therapy efficacy in an ethanol‐induced acute gastric ulcers model and an aspirin‐induced chronic gastric ulcers model through antioxidation, anti‐pyroptosis, and anti‐inflammation. This study provides a potential strategy for enhancing druggability of insoluble natural compounds and therapeutic management of gastric ulcers.
Emerging Trends and Future Prospects in Microfluidic Systems for Prevention and Diagnosis of Infection Pathogens
Authors: Dabbagh Moghaddam Farnaz , Rafiee Maedeh , Setayeshfar Atousa , Moradi Arman , Esmaeili Yasaman , Romana Bertani Francesca , Neisiany Rasoul Esmaeely , You Zhengwei , Nazarzadeh Zare Ehsan
Published: May 2024

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites pose a significant societal challenge. In response, scientists are developing advanced technology to enhance the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of such diseases. One such promising technology is microfluidic systems, which are utilized in organ‐on‐a‐chip systems to replicate the microenvironments of organs. These systems have potential applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and personalized medicine. This review provides an overview of recent advances in organ‐on‐a‐chip platforms and their potential for preventing and diagnosing various infections. After discussing traditional techniques employed in studying infectious diseases, the role of microfluidic platforms in detecting infections is delved in. It is expound on advanced microfluidic‐based strategies for infection diagnosis, such as the polymerase chain reaction‐based microfluidic devices, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay‐based microfluidic devices, hierarchical nanofluidic molecular enrichment systemand µWestern blotting‐based microfluidic devices, and smartphone‐based microfluidic devices. Additionally, future research challenges and perspectives are discussed on microfluidic systems in biomedical and regenerative medicine applications. Consequently, microfluidic platforms have the potential to serve as fundamental frameworks for understanding infectious diseases, thereby leading to personalized regenerative medicine.
hierarchical nanofluidic molecular enrichment system
An insight Into Surface and Diffusion Characteristics of UiO‐66@ZIF‐8 Core–Shell MOF for Asymmetric Supercapacitors with Unprecedented Energy Density
Authors: Mansi  , Shrivastav Vishal , Dubey Prashant , Hołdyński Marcin , Sundriyal Shashank , Tiwari Umesh K. , Deep Akash
Published: May 2024

In this study, nanosized zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) crystal has been produced on the universitetet i oslo‐66 (UiO‐66) metal–organic framework (MOF) to make core–shell structure using a layer‐by‐layer deposition method. In comparison to the pristine UiO‐66 and ZIF‐8, the core–shell MOF exhibits superior performance in terms of specific capacitance. This enhanced performance is attributed to its remarkable ability to facilitate the rapid diffusion of electrolyte ions through nanosized ZIF‐8 and enhance the electron transfer process involving the inner and outer metal ions within the UiO‐66@ZIF‐8 structure. Remarkably, the core–shell structure achieves an impressive specific capacitance of 588.8 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 using 1 m sulfuric acid (H2SO4) aqueous electrolyte. Additionally, the UiO‐66@ZIF‐8 core–shell material is demonstrated as a positive electrode, coupled with activated carbon (AC) derived from waste tissue paper serving as the negative electrode, in the fabrication of an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device. At a power density of 400 W kg−1, this assembled asymmetric device delivers a notably high energy density of 53 Wh kg−1 along with a cyclic stability of 94.8% after 10 000 cycles. This study substantiates the superior performance of the UiO‐66@ZIF‐8 core–shell MOF structure as a highly effective supercapacitor electrode material, surpassing the performance of its pristine MOF counterparts.
Human Plasma‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect Against Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury via HSP27 Phosphorylation
Authors: Wang Yunan , Yang Hongxia , Zhao Linlin , Yin Xiaohang , Ai Songwei , Hu Meiyu , Pan Xue , Zheng Yonghui , Shi Shuxian , Li Genjie , Pan Yonghui , Yang Tingting , Zhang Jingyu
Published: May 2024

Ischemic stroke (IS) has become a serious public health problem, with patients undergoing endovascular treatment experiencing ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, which exacerbates cerebrovascular diseases. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown potential for treating cerebral I/R injury. In this study, the therapeutic effect of human plasma‐derived EVs and protective mechanisms in cerebral I/R injury is explored. An oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model is used to treat SH‐SY5Y cells in vitro, and an I/R injury model is constructed by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice. Human plasma‐derived EVs are extracted by size exclusion chromatography. Western blot, Immunofluorescence Staining, and 2,3,5‐Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) Staining are employed to observe the effects of EVs on the neuroinflammatory response and infarct volumes in tMCAO mice, while TUNEL Staining, Flow Cytometry, and Western Blot are employed to assess cell apoptosis. Human plasma‐derived EVs alleviated apoptosis in SH‐SY5Y cells under OGD/R stress and exerted a protective effect against brain I/R injury in tMCAO mice. Mechanistically, EVs protected against cerebral I/R injury via HSP27 phosphorylation, and the HSP27 phosphorylation inhibitor KRIBB3 attenuated the anti‐apoptotic effects of EVs. Human plasma‐derived EVs activated the phosphorylation of HSP27, thereby inhibiting cell apoptosis and protecting against cerebral I/R injury.
Histone H3K18 and Ezrin Lactylation Promote Renal Dysfunction in Sepsis‐Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Qiao Jiao , Tan Yuan , Liu Hongchao , Yang Boxin , Zhang Qian , Liu Qi , Sun Wenyuan , Li Zhongxin , Wang Qingchen , Feng Weimin , Yang Shuo , Cui Liyan
Published: May 2024

Histone lactylation is a metabolic stress‐related histone modification. However, the role of histone lactylation in the development of sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (SA‐AKI) remains unclear. Here, histone H3K18 lactylation (H3K18la) is elevated in SA‐AKI, which is reported in this study. Furthermore, this lactate‐dependent histone modification is enriched at the promoter of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and positively correlated with the transcription. Correction of abnormal lactate levels resulted in a reversal of abnormal histone lactylation at the promoter of RhoA. Examination of related mechanism revealed that histone lactylation promoted the RhoA/Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) /Ezrin signaling, the activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), inflammation, cell apoptosis, and aggravated renal dysfunction. In addition, Ezrin can undergo lactylation modification. Multiple lactylation sites are identified in Ezrin and confirmed that lactylation mainly occurred at the K263 site. The role of histone lactylation is revealed in SA‐AKI and reportes a novel post‐translational modification in Ezrin. Its potential role in regulating inflammatory metabolic adaptation of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells is also elucidated. The results provide novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of the onset of SA‐AKI.
Tackling P3HT:Y‐Series Miscibility Through Advanced Processing for Tunable Aggregation
Authors: Eller Fabian , McNeill Christopher R. , Herzig Eva M.
Published: May 2024

Polymer and small molecule blend thin films are of strong interest for organic electronics and particularly organic solar cells. The high miscibility in blends of ordinary P3HT and state‐of‐the‐art Y‐series non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) suppresses phase separation and aggregation challenging successful charge separation and transport. In a recent work, current‐induced doping (CID) is introduced, a method to precisely control the aggregation of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in solution. The highly ordered pre‐aggregation in solution is used here to control the P3HT aggregation in neat films and blends with Y12 (BTP‐4F‐12). This results in a 25‐fold increase in hole mobility in P3HT organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) devices and tunability of the P3HT aggregate quality in the presence of Y12 over large ranges. At the same time, particularly the Y12 long‐range ordering is heavily suppressed by increasing P3HT aggregation. However, solvent vapor annealing (SVA) leads to an extraordinarily high Y12 ordering, changes in the crystal orientation of Y12, and a further improvement of P3HT aggregation. A broad range of different degrees of aggregation of both materials can therefore be obtained in the final thin films solely by changing processing parameters without changing the composition of the material system.
Operando Investigation on the Role of Densification and Chemo‐Mechanics on Solid‐State Cathodes
Authors: Jeong Min‐Gi , Naik Kaustubh G. , Zheng Yanjie , Suk Won Joon , Vishnugopi Bairav S. , Lin Lin , Puthusseri Dhanya , Chuang Andrew C. , Okasinski John S. , Sakamoto Jeff , Mukherjee Partha P. , Hatzell Kelsey B.
Published: May 2024

All solid‐state batteries are desirable for a range of energy storage applications which require high energy density. Achieving a high energy density in a solid‐state battery requires the operation of an energy dense anode with a composite solid‐state cathode. Pores and/or voids within a solid state cathode are ion‐blocking and thus control over the concentration and distribution of pores in the initial electrode and cycled electrode is desirable. This study provides an understanding of the interplay between electrode microstructure and mechanics on active material utilization in solid state cathodes composed of NCM 811 and Li6PS5Cl. Decreasing the solid electrolyte particle size leads to greater active material‐electrolyte contact and less total deformation when exposed to an external load. Composite cathodes with greater compliance can potentially decrease strain between the active material and solid electrolyte, decrease delamination events and result in higher overall active material utilization and high capacity retention.
Implementation of a workshop for mass casualty incident triage training using an immersive virtual reality simulation
Authors: Kman Nicholas E. , McGrath Jillian , Panchal Ashish R. , Malone Matthew , Sharkey‐Toppen Travis , Way David P.
Published: May 2024

Objective

We offered a workshop at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine to teach the Sort–Assess–Lifesaving Interventions–Treatment/Transport (SALT) triage protocol for responding to mass casualty incidents (MCIs) using an immersive virtual reality (VR) simulator. Here, we report workshop outcomes.

Methods

After a 1‐h didactic on the basics of triage protocols, workshop participants rotated through three skill stations at which learners learned how to use the VR headset and controllers, practiced applying SALT triage skills through a tabletop exercise, and then finally used our VR simulator for training responses to MCIs. During their encounter with VR, participants applied their new knowledge to triaging and treating the victims of an explosion in a virtual subway station. After a brief orientation, participants entered the scene to treat and triage virtual patients who had various life‐threatening (e.g., acute arterial bleed, penetrating injury, pneumothorax, amputations) and non–life‐threatening injuries (lacerations, sprains, hysteria, confusion). The simulator generated a performance report for each workshop attendee to be used for debriefing by a skilled facilitator.

Results

Participants were mostly trainees (residents), all of whom properly initiated their encounter with global sort commands (walk and wave) to identify the most critically injured. On average, participants correctly treated 92% of 18 injuries, with all bleeding injuries being properly controlled (tourniquets or wound packing). On average, participants correctly tagged 87.7% of 11 patients, but only took the pulse of 67% of the 11 patients. Learners had difficulty with cases involving embedded shrapnel and properly tagging patients who were stable after treatments.

Conclusions

Our VR simulator provided a practical, portable, reproducible training and assessment system for preparing future emergency medical systems (EMS) medical directors to teach their EMS professionals the triage and lifesaving intervention treatment skills needed to save lives.
Sleep functional connectivity, hyperexcitability, and cognition in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Moguilner Sebastian G. , Berezuk Courtney , Bender Alex C. , Pellerin Kyle R. , Gomperts Stephen N. , Cash Sydney S. , Sarkis Rani A. , Lam Alice D.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Sleep disturbances are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may reflect pathologic changes in brain networks. To date, no studies have examined changes in sleep functional connectivity (FC) in AD or their relationship with network hyperexcitability and cognition.

METHODS

We assessed electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep FC in 33 healthy controls, 36 individuals with AD without epilepsy, and 14 individuals with AD and epilepsy.

RESULTS

AD participants showed increased gamma connectivity in stage 2 sleep (N2), which was associated with longitudinal cognitive decline. Network hyperexcitability in AD was associated with a distinct sleep connectivity signature, characterized by decreased N2 delta connectivity and reversal of several connectivity changes associated with AD. Machine learning algorithms using sleep connectivity features accurately distinguished diagnostic groups and identified “fast cognitive decliners” among study participants who had AD.

DISCUSSION

Our findings reveal changes in sleep functional networks associated with cognitive decline in AD and may have implications for disease monitoring and therapeutic development.

Highlights

Brain functional connectivity (FC) in Alzheimer's disease is altered during sleep.

Sleep FC measures correlate with cognitive decline in AD.

Network hyperexcitability in AD has a distinct sleep connectivity signature.
Acetal‐thiol Click‐like Reaction: Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Dynamic Dithioacetals and Recyclable Polydithioacetals
Authors: Du Shuai , Yang Shuaiqi , Wang Binbo , Li Pengyun , Zhu Jin , Ma Songqi
Published: May 2024

Dithioacetals are heavily used in organic, material and medical chemistries, and exhibit huge potential to synthesize degradable or recyclable polymers. However, the current synthetic approaches of dithioacetals and polydithioacetals are overwhelmingly dependent on external catalysts and organic solvents. Herein, we disclose a catalyst‐ and solvent‐free acetal‐thiol click‐like reaction for synthesizing dithioacetals and polydithioacetals. High conversion, higher than acid catalytic acetal‐thiol reaction, can be achieved. High universality was confirmed by monitoring the reactions of linear and cyclic acetals (including renewable bio‐sourced furan‐acetal) with aliphatic and aromatic thiols, and the reaction mechanism of monomolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN1) and auto‐protonation (activation) by thiol was clarified by combining experiments and density functional theory computation. Subsequently, we utilize this reaction to synthesize readily recyclable polydithioacetals. By simple heating and stirring, linear polydithioacetals with
w of ~110 kDa were synthesized from acetal and dithiol, and depolymerization into macrocyclic dithioacetal and repolymerization into polydithioacetal can be achieved; through reactive extrusion, a semi‐interpenetrating polymer dynamic network with excellent mechanical properties and continuous reprocessability was prepared from poly(vinyl butyral) and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercaptopropionate). This green and high‐efficient synthesis method for dithioacetals and polydithioacetals is beneficial to the sustainable development of chemistry.
Biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate microfiber membranes decorated with photoactive Ag‐TiO2 nanoparticles for enhanced antibacterial and anti‐biofouling activities
Authors: Ladhari Safa , Vu Nhu‐Nang , Boisvert Cédrik , Polinarski Marcos Antonio , Venne Camille , Saidi Alireza , Barnabe Simon , Nguyen‐Tri Phuong
Published: May 2024

Developing advanced materials with antibacterial and antifouling activities offers an adequate protection solution against surface bacterial contamination—a common cause of infection threatening human health. The current work reports the preparation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) microfiber membranes decorated with photoactive Ag‐TiO2 nanoparticles using electrospinning coupled with dip‐coating methods. The decoration of Ag‐TiO2 nanoparticles strongly enhances the antibacterial properties of prepared membranes, particularly under light illumination, thanks to their photocatalytic activity. The best‐performing sample exhibits potent antibacterial efficiency exceeding 99% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis after 3 and 1 h of exposure to low‐power commercial LED light, respectively. The prepared samples also display excellent reusability with an insignificant antibacterial activity decrease after three cycles (<2% loss in antibacterial efficiency). Furthermore, these samples effectively prevent bacterial fouling due to their potent antibacterial properties. Notably, despite the strong antibacterial effect, decorated Ag‐TiO2 nanoparticles promote the adhesion of microorganisms, accelerating the biodegradation of PHB microfibers. As a result, the prepared microfiber membranes with nanoparticle decoration exhibit biodegradability comparable to the non‐decorated membrane, with the soil degradation rates reaching almost 99% after only 6 weeks.
A novel starch‐based composite hydrogel enhanced by activated charcoal from the banana peel for water decontamination
Authors: Maia Lana S. , Pereira Paulo H. F. , da Silva Andressa I. C. , da Costa Talles B. , Mulinari Daniella R. , Rosa Derval dos S.
Published: May 2024

The efficient removal of potential toxic elements (PTEs) from aqueous systems is an important challenge in water purification and industrial effluent treatment. Starch‐based hydrogels have shown promise in this context due to their unique properties, such as high absorption capacity and water retention. This work synthesized a novel hydrogel with and without activated charcoal (AC) from banana peel (5 wt.%) and trisodium citrate as a crosslinking agent and starch to remove PTEs. These hydrogels were characterized by Fourier‐transformed infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, TGA, XRD, water absorption, and zero‐charge point techniques. Subsequently, the affinity of AC, neat hydrogel, and the composite hydrogel for removing Cr6+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ in aqueous solution was evaluated. FTIR confirmed a crosslinking reaction between the starch molecules and the crosslinking agent (trisodium citrate). Besides, the addition of hydrogel+5%AC altered the crosslinking process. Adding AC to the hydrogel composite increased crystallinity, thermal stability, and porous size. The highest removal efficiency of neat hydrogel and hydrogel+5%AC was for Cr6+, obtaining 83.2% and 98.5%, respectively. As for the AC, the removal of Cu2+ was satisfactory, with 80.4%. Thus, hydrogel+5%AC proves to be a highly viable adsorbent for posttreatment of wastewater due to its ability to efficiently remove PTEs.
Non‐isocyanate polyurethane‐acrylate as UV‐ and thermo‐responsive plasticizer for thermoplastic elastomer
Authors: Lam Ki Yan , Lee Choy Sin , Pichika Mallikarjuna Rao , Cheng Sit Foon , Tan Rachel Yie Hang
Published: May 2024

A UV‐ and thermo‐responsive polyurethane‐acrylate prepolymer was synthesized from palm olein (POo) via a non‐isocyanate route. The process included epoxidation of POo, carbonation of epoxidized palm olein (EPOo) into polycyclic carbonate in a solvent‐free and mild condition (100°C, 1 atm), followed by reacting with ethylene diamine and acrylic acid. The chemical structure of the non‐isocyanate polyurethane‐acrylate (NIPUA) prepolymer was elucidated by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while weight average molecular weight of NIPUA was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The NIPUA (0–20 wt%) was incorporated with thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as a plasticizer and cured under UV light and thermal stimulations. The cured NIPUA/TPE films were characterized by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile strength test. Under UV and thermal stimulations, the NIPUA/TPE demonstrated enhanced tensile properties (elongation at break >1280%, Young's modulus ~25 MPa), thermal properties (lower Tg), lower water contact angle, and shortened curing time as compared with the blank TPE. The 20 wt% NIPUA/TPE films exhibited susceptibility to enzymatic biodegradation and noncytotoxic to HEK 293 cells in vitro, demonstrated it's potential as a UV‐ and thermo‐responsive plasticizer for TPE in manufacturing of medical devices.
Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic waterborne polyurethane self‐matting coating
Authors: Meng Yeyun , Liang Shengyuan
Published: May 2024

A green method to synthesize self‐matting waterborne polyurethane acrylic hybrid emulsion with hydrophobic function is introduced in this study. A reactive waterborne polyurethane (RWPU) dispersion containing unsaturated CC double bonds was prepared from epoxidized soybean oil. Subsequently, the RWPU dispersion was copolymerized with fluorinated monomers of different carbon chain lengths to prepare polyurethane acrylic hybrid emulsion (PUF). The results revealed the gloss levels of PUF films to be as low as 12.4 gloss units at 60°. The morphology of PUF films was observed by scanning electron microscope and three‐dimensional surface profilometer, and the relationship between surface roughness and gloss was discussed in detail. In addition, thermal gravimetric analysis was conducted to determine the thermal stability of the PUF films, and the results denoted that these PUF films exhibited excellent thermal stability. Comprehensive performance tests indicated that the RWPU dispersion, which was copolymerized with hexafluorobutyl methacrylate at a weight of 10%, exhibited a low gloss, a high contact angle of 120°, and a high elongation percentage of 423%. Furthermore, the dynamic light scattering results showed small average particle size, revealing the excellent storage stabilities.
Various pharmacological agents in the pipeline against intractable epilepsy
Authors: Waris Abdul , Asim Muhammad , Ullah Ata , Alhumaydhi Fahad A.
Published: May 2024

Epilepsy is a noncommunicable chronic neurological disorder affecting people of all ages, with the highest prevalence in low and middle‐income countries. Despite the pharmacological armamentarium, the plethora of drugs in the market, and other treatment options, 30%–35% of individuals still show resistance to the current medication, termed intractable epilepsy/drug resistance epilepsy, which contributes to 50% of the mortalities due to epilepsy. Therefore, the development of new drugs and agents is needed to manage this devastating epilepsy. We reviewed the pipeline of drugs in “ClinicalTrials. gov,” which is the federal registry of clinical trials to identify drugs and other treatment options in various phases against intractable epilepsy. A total of 31 clinical trials were found regarding intractable epilepsy. Among them, 48.4% (15) are about pharmacological agents, of which 26.6% are in Phase 1, 60% are in Phase 2, and 13.3% are in Phase 3. The mechanism of action or targets of the majority of these agents are different and are more diversified than those of the approved drugs. In this article, we summarized various pharmacological agents in clinical trials, their backgrounds, targets, and mechanisms of action for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Treatment options other than pharmacological ones, such as devices for brain stimulation, ketogenic diets, gene therapy, and others, are also summarized.
Synthesis of selenophene‐containing flavonols and 2‐styrylchromones: Evaluation of their activities compared with selenophene‐containing chalcones as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Chen Ya‐Chen , Chang Chuan‐Hsin , Tang Mei‐Hsin , Ding Yu Chun , Wu I‐Ching , Ye Wei‐Tong , Shih Tzenge‐Lien
Published: May 2024

Previously, we documented the synthesis and assessed the biological effects of chalcones containing selenium against HT‐29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, demonstrating their significant potential. As research on selenium‐containing flavonoids remains limited, this article outlines our design and synthesis of three selenium‐based flavonols and three 2‐styrylchromones. We conducted evaluations of these compounds to determine their impact on human lung cancer cells (A549, H1975, CL1‐0, and CL1‐5) and their influence on normal lung fibroblast MRC5 cells. Additionally, we included selenium‐based chalcones in our testing for comparative purposes. Our findings highlight that the simplest compound, designated as compound 1, exhibited the most promising performance among the tested molecules.
Flower technique—A bailout technique to retrieve disrupted balloon catheters and stents
Authors: Yoshinaga Masataka , Ishiguro Hisaaki , Muramatsu Takashi
Published: May 2024

We report two case series in which we encountered the difficulties to retrieve disrupted devices during percutaneous coronary intervention and endovascular treatment. The broken devices were successfully and safely retrieved by the “flower technique” that creates multiple cut and slit in the tip of the guiding catheter. This technique can be easily and safely applied in situations where a balloon catheter or stent has been disrupted and device entrapment has occurred, as the technique simply involves manually placing multiple cuts or slits in the tip of the guiding catheter. Transcatheter interventionists should be familiar with this technique because it can be bailout from device entrapment without additional cost or clinical experience.
FDA perspectives on postmarket surveillance of peripheral and aortic vascular devices
Authors: Malone Misti , Johnson Carmen Gacchina
Published: May 2024

Key points

Case examples in Pyun et al., highlight value of RWD to elucidate real‐world outcomes in expanded patient population and to discern potential signals.

CDRH actively engages with stakeholders through transparent communication and collaboration to resolve signals.

Additional improvements in the RWD infrastructure are warranted to ensure complete and accurate data collection across the total product lifecycle.
Commissural alignment and the ACURATE neo2 transcatheter aortic valve: Impact on valve performance
Authors: Travieso Alejandro , Toggweiler Stefan , Montarello Nicholas , Renker Matthias , Tirado‐Conte Gabriela , Loretz Lucca , Charitos Efstratios I. , Kim Won‐Keun , De Backer Ole
Published: May 2024

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is increasingly being used to treat severe aortic stenosis in younger patients. Accordingly, lifetime management regarding future reintervention and coronary access is a concern.

Aims

To assess the impact of commissural alignment on ACURATE neo2 transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) performance.

Methods

COMALIGN‐neo2 was an observational, retrospective study enrolling consecutive TAVR patients treated with the ACURATE neo2 (October 2021 to October 2022). The degree of commissural (mis)‐alignment (CMA) with the native aortic valve commissures was determined and transvalvular gradient, effective orifice area, patient‐prosthesis mismatch (PPM), and aortic regurgitation (AR) were assessed.

Results

Among 825 patients, the mean age was 80.7 years and 42% were female. Commissural alignment was achieved in 60% of cases; mild (26%), moderate (9%), and severe misalignment (5%) were found less often. Severe PPM occurred more frequently in patients with severe CMA (14.7%) compared to aligned valves (p = 0.034). By multivariate analysis, severe CMA (odds ratio [OR]: 3.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.09–8.90]; p = 0.033) and lack of postdilatation (OR: 3.85, [1.33–11.1]; p = 0.012) were associated with severe PPM. Higher rates of ≥mild AR (51.4%) were found in TAVs implanted with severe CMA compared to aligned (34.3%), mildly (38.1%) or moderately (36.0%) misaligned TAVs (p = 0.030). Multivariate analysis identified severe CMA (OR: 2.05, [1.05–4.02]; p = 0.037) to be an independent predictor of ≥mild AR.

Conclusions

COMALIGN‐neo2 is the largest study to date assessing the impact of commissural alignment on acute TAV performance. Severe CMA with the ACURATE neo2 platform was associated with worse valve hemodynamics and increased risk for mild AR.
Mimicry unveiled: The challenging diagnosis of pigmented purpura‐like mycosis fungoides initially misdiagnosed as pigmented purpura
Authors: Aryal Sabita , Zhu‐qian Jiang , Qiang Liu ye , Haque Md Ariful
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Unlike most cases, the lesions were localized to the dorsum of the hand, lacked pruritus (itching), and did not exhibit “sperm‐like blood vessels,” which are typically pathognomonic to classical MF.

The study presents a rare case involving a 44‐year‐old woman who developed a skin condition on the base of her left thumb. Initially misdiagnosed as pigmented purpura, the need for further investigation arose to determine the nature of the condition accurately. The medical evaluation encompassed a comprehensive analysis of the patient's skin ailment. A series of diagnostic examinations were conducted to ascertain the underlying cause. Although routine blood tests yielded unremarkable results, the distinct characteristics of the rash prompted a more thorough investigation. Subsequent assessment revealed that the skin condition was not pigmented purpura, as initially presumed, but rather a manifestation of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) known as mycosis fungoides (MF). MF is an infrequent lymphoma predominantly affecting individuals aged 45–65, exhibiting a male‐to‐female sex ratio of 2:1. The annual incidence of MF ranges from 0.3 to 0.96 cases per 100,000 individuals. The woman's skin exhibited discrete patches adorned with colored dots, progressively thickening and pigmentation. Notably, the absence of pruritus did not dispel suspicion. This case underscores the significance of accurately diagnosing uncommon dermatological disorders to facilitate appropriate medical intervention. The unique appearance of the rash and its distinctive features, despite normal blood results, enabled the identification of MF. The patient's treatment encompassed a combination of steroids and narrowband UV therapy. Vigilance, continued research, and heightened awareness are paramount for early intervention and improved patient outcomes. Such efforts contribute to an enhanced understanding of the complexities of this condition.
Displacement of occluder after left atrial appendage closure: A case report
Authors: Lin Yan , Mao Xiaobo
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Atrial fibrillation is closely associated with thrombotic events. In non‐valvular atrial fibrillation, 90% of thrombi are formed by the left atrial appendage. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAC) can effectively prevent the detachment of left atrial appendage thrombus during atrial fibrillation, thereby reducing the risk of long‐term disability or death caused by thromboembolic events. However, the identification and management of complications in LAAC are also very important.

The efficacy and safety of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAC) in preventing non‐valvular atrial fibrillation stroke have been confirmed by multiple randomized controlled and registered studies, and have been recommended by several guidelines for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation at high‐risk of stroke. We reported an 80‐year‐old male patient with persistent atrial fibrillation. The patient underwent left atrial appendage closure surgery due to high risk of embolism and bleeding. On the second day after surgery, echocardiography showed displacement of the left atrial appendage occluder. Immediately perform removal of left atrial appendage occlude and left atrial appendage occlusion on the same day, and the patient was discharged on the fifth day after surgery without any special circumstances. This case demonstrates the feasibility and important clinical significance of using interventional surgery to remove the left atrial appendage occluder after displacement in clinical practice.
A kinetics study of microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge and corn stalk mixture
Authors: Qu Jushen , Liu Yang , Fu Jie , Yu Hejie , Dai Jianjun , Bi Xiaotao
Published: May 2024

Fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS), corn stalk (CS), and their mixture under both direct and indirect microwave heating was carried out in a prototype microwave thermogravimetric reactor at high heating rates, 179 and 203 K/min, respectively. It was found that the samples could be heated up rapidly by direct microwave heating, while there is a temperature lag of the sample to the heated reactor wall in indirect heating. The Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods were used to analyze the thermogravimetric data of SS, CS, and their mixture under direct microwave heating. When the FWO method was used, the average activation energies of SS, CS, and their mixture were obtained as 6.0, 18.9, and 39.8 kJ/mol, respectively. When the KAS method was used, the average activation energies of CS and mixture were 12.6 and 31.6 kJ/mol, respectively. Those values are much lower than reported under conventional heating, and likely result from the interaction of microwave irradiation and the biomass samples. The reaction kinetics of directly microwave‐heated biomass pyrolysis from this study provide essential data for modelling, scaling, and designing the microwave‐assisted in‐situ catalytic pyrolysis reactors with mixed biomass and catalyst particles.
Protocol: Reducing community violence: A systematic meta‐review of what works
Authors: Wilson David B. , Abt Thomas , Kimbrell Catherine , Johnson William
Published: May 2024

This is the protocol for a Campbell Collaboration systematic review. Our objective is to synthesize what is known about the effectiveness of strategies for reducing community violence, focusing on those strategies that have been subjected to a systematic review. We aim to answer the following questions in this review: what strategies to reduce community violence have been rigorously evaluated through systematic reviews; which have sufficient evidence of effectiveness, which seem promising, and which appear ineffective; and what implications for practice and policy can be drawn from this large body of research? We anticipate categorizing the results of our review similarly to the original review by Abt and Winship (2016). That is, categorizing reviews by people‐based approaches, place‐based approaches, and behavior‐based approaches. However, given that this is an updated review and we will be incorporating additional studies, we may find that an alternative or additional categorization is warranted and update our categorization accordingly. Implications for policy and practice as they relate to these categories will be discussed.