bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of fuzzy failure mode and effect analysis to investigate lean wastes in the sewing section
Authors: Agazhie Temesgen , Hailemariam Shalemu Sharew
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to quantify and prioritize the main causes of lean wastes and to apply reduction methods by employing better waste cause identification methodologies.

Design/methodology/approach

We employed fuzzy techniques for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (FTOPSIS), fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP), and failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) to determine the causes of defects. To determine the current defect cause identification procedures, time studies, checklists, and process flow charts were employed. The study focuses on the sewing department of a clothing industry in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Findings

These techniques outperform conventional techniques and offer a better solution for challenging decision-making situations. Each lean waste’s FMEA criteria, such as severity, occurrence, and detectability, were examined. A pairwise comparison revealed that defect has a larger effect than other lean wastes. Defects were mostly caused by inadequate operator training. To minimize lean waste, prioritizing their causes is crucial.

Research limitations/implications

The research focuses on a case company and the result could not be generalized for the whole industry.

Practical implications

The study used quantitative approaches to quantify and prioritize the causes of lean waste in the garment industry and provides insight for industrialists to focus on the waste causes to improve their quality performance.

Originality/value

The methodology of integrating FMEA with FAHP and FTOPSIS was the new contribution to have a better solution to decision variables by considering the severity, occurrence, and detectability of the causes of wastes. The data collection approach was based on experts’ focus group discussion to rate the main causes of defects which could provide optimal values of defect cause prioritization.
A cultural theory perspective to service expectations in restaurants and food services
Authors: Liao Yingying , Soltani Ebrahim , Li Fangrong , Ting Chih-Wen
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Prior research examining cultural effects on customer service expectations has primarily used more generic Western cultural theory on an aggregate scale or with only a single variable to draw conclusions on a customer’s underlying reasoning for buying a service. This study aims to focus on culturally distinct clusters within non-Western nations, specifically exploring within-cluster differences in service expectations within the Confucian Asia cluster.

Design/methodology/approach

This study developed a measurement model of Chinese cultural values and service expectations, consisting of a three and five-factor structure, respectively. Data from a sample of 351 diners were analysed using SmartPLS software. The data was compared with similar studies within the Confucian Asia cluster to understand the culture effect on service expectations and within-cluster variations.

Findings

The findings underscore the varying importance of cultural values in shaping customer service expectations, emphasizing their relative, rather than equal, significance. The study provides insights into potential within-group differences in customer service expectations within the same cultural cluster – without losing sight of the fundamental cultural heterogeneity of the Confucian culture.

Practical implications

Managers should leverage the distinct cultural values of their operating country to gain insights into diverse customer groups, predict their behaviours and meet their needs and expectations.

Originality/value

This study offers valuable insights to both service management scholars and practitioners by focusing on culturally distinct clusters of non-Western nations and exploring their effects on variation in service expectations within these clusters.
Competitive pressure from peers, firm sizes and firms' risk-taking behaviours: machine learning evidence
Authors: Tian Jinfang , Meng Xiaofan , Li Lee , Cao Wei , Xue Rui
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how firms of different sizes respond to competitive pressure from peers.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs machine learning techniques to measure competitive pressure based on management discussion and analysis (MD&A) documents and then utilises the constructed pressure indicator to explore the relationship between competitive pressure and corporate risk-taking behaviours amongst firms of different sizes.

Findings

We find that firm sizes are positively associated with their risk-taking behaviours when firms respond to competitive pressure. Large firms are inclined to exhibit a high level of risk-taking behaviours, whereas small firms tend to make conservative decisions. Regional growth potential and institutional ownership moderate the relationships.

Originality/value

Utilising text mining techniques, this study constructs a novel quantitative indicator to measure competitive pressure perceived by focal firms and demonstrates the heterogeneous behaviour of firms of different sizes in response to competitive pressure from peers, advancing research on competitive market pressures.
Harnessing the power of brand social media marketing on consumer online impulse buying intentions: a stimulus-organism-response framework
Authors: Safeer Asif Ali
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Social media marketing has become a powerful strategic tool for many brands, but scholarly research in this domain is still in its infancy. This study aims to examine the effects of social media marketing activities on consumer online impulse buying intentions via brand resonance and emotional responses by incorporating the direct and moderating effects of social network proneness toward fashion retail brands.

Design/methodology/approach

By using snowball sampling, this study recruited 441 netizens (who were using fashion retail brands) and obtained their responses through an online survey. Structural equation modeling was applied to 394 responses for analysis.

Findings

The findings discovered that social media marketing activities significantly influenced brand resonance, consumer emotional responses and online impulse buying intentions. Likewise, brand resonance and emotional responses were positively associated with online impulse buying intentions and acted as decisive mediators. Social network proneness’s direct and moderating effects significantly increased consumer online impulse-buying intentions toward fashion retail brands.

Practical implications

This study provides recommendations to retail managers for creating and executing brand positioning, segmenting and targeting strategies to enhance consumers’ intentions for engaging in online impulsive purchases for fashion brands.

Originality/value

This original research contributes to the branding literature and stimulus–organism–response theory by focusing on social media marketing activities, brand resonance, emotional responses, social network proneness and consumer online impulse buying intentions toward fashion retail brands.
Experimental study of a teeth flux sensor for detection, location and severity evaluation of induction machine stator faults
Authors: Saidoune Abdelmalek , Houassine Hamza , Bensaid Samir , Yassa Nacera , Abbas Sadia
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the efficacy of teeth flux sensors in detecting, locating and assessing the severity of short-circuit faults in the stator windings of induction machines.

Design/methodology/approach

The experimental study involves inducing short-circuit winding turn variations on the induction machine’s stator and continuously measuring the RMS values across teeth flux sensors. Two crucial steps are taken for machine diagnosis: measurements under load operating conditions for fault detection and measurements under no-load conditions to determine fault location and severity.

Findings

The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach using teeth flux sensors is reliable and effective in detecting, locating and evaluating the severity of stator winding faults.

Research limitations/implications

While this study focuses on short-circuit faults, future research could explore other fault types and alternative sensor configurations to enhance the comprehensiveness of fault diagnosis.

Practical implications

The methodology outlined in this paper holds the potential to significantly reduce maintenance time and costs for induction machines, leading to substantial savings for companies.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the field by presenting an innovative approach that uses teeth flux sensors for a comprehensive fault diagnosis in induction machines. The originality lies in the effectiveness of this approach in providing reliable fault detection, location and severity evaluation.
The determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR) committee: executive compensation, CSR-based incentives and ESG performance
Authors: Aldogan Eklund Mehtap , Pinheiro Pedro
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate whether executive compensation, corporate social responsibility (CSR)-based incentives, environmental social and governance (ESG) performance and firm performance are the significant predictors of CSR committees, in addition to CEO, firm and corporate governance characteristics, from the tenet of stakeholder and managerial power theories.

Design/methodology/approach

Switzerland is an exemplary country from the perspective of corporate governance and executive compensation. This empirical study includes a panel data set of listed Swiss companies, so fixed-effect logistic regression has been used.

Findings

It has been found that the companies that offer CSR-based incentives and higher compensation to their CEOs and have better ESG performance are more likely to have CSR committees.

Practical implications

This empirical paper fills the gap in the literature, guides practitioners about the factors that influence the creation and efficiency of CSR committees, and inspires regulatory bodies to ponder on a mandatory CSR committee to form resilient and sustainable organizations worldwide.

Social implications

COVID-19 has re-emphasized the prominence of sustainability and the stakeholder approach. Thus, this paper indicates that CSR committees require the adaption and implementation of a holistic sustainability policy that integrates both external and internal factors and thereby provides a whole process for sustainability issues.

Originality/value

The impact of CSR committees on corporate social performance (CSP) has already been investigated. However, the predictors of CSR committees have been less scrutinized in the literature.
Exploring the determinants of solo female travel intention among millennials: a comparative study from rural and urban perspectives
Authors: Kumar Jitender , Rani Garima , Rani Manju , Rani Vinki
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the factors that impact the solo travel intentions of millennial women in rural and urban areas. By exploring these factors, this research also sheds light on the similarities and differences in travel behaviors and motivations of women in different geographical contexts within India.
Behaviour, body mass and sex: How intraspecific variation influences seed dispersal by a scatter‐hoarding rodent
Authors: Celebias Paulina , Wróbel Aleksandra , Zduniak Milena , Steele Michael , Bogdziewicz Michał , Zwolak Rafał
Published: March 2024

Intraspecific variation plays a pivotal role in shaping ecological dynamics. As the dispersal of seeds of most woody plants is mediated by animals, individual variation within the animal dispersers holds considerable implications for plant population and ecology.

We explored how individual traits (such as sex, body mass and exploration levels) of yellow‐necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis) impact the dispersal of common oak (Quercus robur) acorns. Over 3 years, we collected data on seed fate and the specific mice responsible for their dispersal.

The relationship between individual traits and seed dispersal was not static, but influenced by yearly environmental conditions. Heavier individuals tended to carry seeds farther, yet contrary to our expectations, sex had no effect on the distance of seed dispersal. Moreover, the exploration rate showed an inconsistent association with seed consumption and dispersal distance, while it positively impacted the distance of dispersal from the nearest tree.

Synthesis. Our findings suggest a more nuanced role of individual traits in seed dispersal than often assumed, with noticeable annual variation significantly influencing these impacts. Consequently, it appears there is no single, universally beneficial individual type to ensure maximal benefits to plants. Rather, the traits conferring advantages in seed dispersal are dynamic, subject to change over time in response to environmental context.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Integrating presence‐only and detection/non‐detection data to estimate distributions and expected abundance of difficult‐to‐monitor species on a landscape‐scale
Authors: Twining Joshua P. , Fuller Angela K. , Sun Catherine C. , Calderón‐Acevedo Camilo A. , Schlesinger Matthew D. , Berger Melanie , Kramer David , Frair Jacqueline L.
Published: March 2024

Estimating species distribution and abundance is foundational to effective management and conservation.

Using an integrated species distribution model that combines presence‐only data from various sources with detection/non‐detection data from structured surveys, we estimated the distribution and expected abundance of three difficult‐to‐monitor mammals of management concern across New York State, namely, coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus) and black bears (Ursus americanus). Three distinct landscape‐scale camera trap surveys provided detection/non‐detection data over 9 years between 2013 and 2021, and we augmented those data with incidental records of our focal species from public repositories. We used an inhomogeneous Poisson point process to construct an integrated model that fit both data types simultaneously.

We demonstrate a simple application of spatial point density of all species records in the accessed public databases to inform the thinning process to account for unknown spatial sampling in the presence‐only data, often referred to as the ‘magic covariate’. Using this approach, we examine habitat associations and provide spatially explicit estimates in expected abundance across the entirety of New York State for all three focal species.

As expected, coyotes were the most widely distributed and abundant species, with a strong positive association with agricultural land uses. Bobcats exhibited low expected abundance throughout the state and showed positive associations with deciduous forest and forest edge, and a negative association with road density. Finally, we observed considerable spatial variation in abundance of black bears with expected abundance increasing in association with various forest cover and composition covariates and decreasing with crop cover. We present insights into habitat associations and spatial variation in abundance, and provide management implications for each of the species of interest.

Synthesis and applications. Our integrated modelling method allows for managers to use citizen sightings combined with detection/non‐detection surveys to estimate robust indices of abundance for both high‐ and low‐density, and wide‐spread versus patchily distributed species. Through comparison with previous studies, we highlight how broad‐scale programmes, such as the statewide efforts to estimate species distributions undertaken here, can benefit substantively from integrated models that leverage additional data (here, incidental records) from a larger region of space, and thus capture more landscape heterogeneity than is plausible within formalized surveys alone.
GRAY GOVERNANCE AT BORDER CHECKPOINTS: Regulating Shadow Trade at the Sino‐Kazakh Border
Authors: Ngo Tak‐Wing , Hung Eva P.W.
Published: March 2024

Shadow trading is a common activity along state borders. Its omnipresence is puzzling because border checkpoints are highly regulated spaces that are heavily gated and securitized. Most studies attribute such a paradox to ineffective border control and corruption. However, this line of argument overlooks the peculiar nature of border and checkpoint governance. We explore this phenomenon with a case study of the Sino‐Kazakh border where shadow traders negotiate their passage every day. We find that border crossing is a highly organized activity dictated by informal yet specific and meticulous rules that are enforced by various state and non‐state actors. Together, they constitute a kind of gray governance that is thoroughly entwined with the formal regime. It is a kind of technology of rule that enables the state to selectively enforce formal and informal rules so as to accommodate the conflicting goals of border control.
Sudden crisis events and firms' stock price fluctuations: A multidimensional heterogeneity perspective
Authors: Tian Meng , Wang Xinyi , Xie Jiaxin , Huang Wei
Published: March 2024

This study takes listed companies that have experienced sudden crisis events as samples. The event study method and multiple regression analysis are further adopted to explore the relationship between sudden crisis events and the stock price fluctuations of listed companies from the perspective of multidimensional characteristics. Findings reveal that sudden crisis events have a significant impact on stock price fluctuations. However, the firms' response frequency and response time to crisis events can exert a buffering role in their adverse association. Further analysis shows that the stock price fluctuations also vary with different heterogeneous characteristics including crisis event types, ownership types, firm competitiveness and firm size. The multidimensional analysis targeting the impact of sudden crisis events on the stock market is conducive to helping firms grasp the rhythm of crisis events and further implement some practical and feasible crisis management measures.
‘I never feel like I am prepared enough’: Teachers' self‐efficacy, challenges and experiences teaching students with disabilities
Authors: Alharbi Hind , Iqtadar Shehreen
Published: March 2024

This article investigated teachers' self‐efficacy, educational practices, challenges and support for students with disabilities in the inclusive classroom. Students with disabilities face many adversities today, such as rejection, stigma, discrimination and lack of support in the classroom. We employed an interdisciplinary and pluralistic approach (Baglieri et al., 2011; Connor et al., 2011) embedded in disability studies in education (DSE) and self‐efficacy theory to explore in‐service teachers' experiences in the field of inclusive education. We used a phenomenological approach and conducted eight teachers' semi‐structured interviews and classroom observations. We used purposeful sampling among teachers who work with students with disabilities. We used inductive analysis techniques to analyse the qualitative data collected from interviews and classroom observations. This study's findings reveal the importance of teachers' preparation, attitude and self‐efficacy to support students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms; the use of differentiated instruction strategies to meet the student's needs and increase their academic outcomes; and highlight the challenges, which include the lack of professional development, lack collaboration among teachers lack of parents' communication and lack of regular IEP meeting.
Combining machine learning and econometrics: Application to commercial real estate prices
Authors: Francke Marc , van de Minne Alex
Published: March 2024

In this article, we combine a random effects model with different machine learning algorithms via an iterative process when predicting commercial real estate asset values. Using both random effects and machine learning allows us to combine the strengths of both approaches. The random effects will be used to estimate a common trend, property type trends, location value, and property random effects for properties that sold more than once. The machine learning algorithm will fit the observed characteristics (features) in a complex nonlinear fashion. The model is applied to a small sample of 2652 transactions in Phoenix (AZ) between 2001 and 2021. We only observe a limited number of property characteristics. The average out‐of‐sample MAPE is below 11%, which is as good or even better compared to the average appraisal error found in literature. The out‐of‐sample MAPE is even 9% for properties that sold more than once in the training set. In addition, our model provides indexes and locational heatmaps. These have their own uses and cannot be obtained with standard machine learning algorithms.
Advances in postmortem fingerprinting: Applications in disaster victim identification
Authors: Johnson Bryan T.
Published: March 2024

Postmortem fingerprinting is the fastest and most reliable way to scientifically identify unknown decedents from mass fatality incidents. In disaster victim identification (DVI), fingerprints, DNA, and dental examinations are the three primary methods of identification. Additional secondary identifiers such as comparative medical radiography, scars, marks, and tattoos can also be used if viable antemortem information can be located. As DNA technology continues to evolve, RAPID DNA may now identify a profile within 90 min if the remains are not degraded or comingled. When there are true unknowns, however, there is usually no DNA, dental, or medical records to retrieve for a comparison without a tentative identity. It is imperative to understand how to properly collect postmortem prints following various postmortem changes, which databases are available to search against, and what additional resources are available prior to any such event occurring. With advances in technology, automated fingerprint searching is faster than ever before. Mobile devices can now search all the major databases within a matter of minutes from a cell phone or tablet utilizing a peripheral fingerprint scanner. Preliminary research into the application of WD‐40® when utilizing optical‐capacitive scanners has shown to greatly increase the efficacy of capturing usable fingerprints. This additional step allows for the digital capture of fingerprints in even complicated settings, both in daily cases and DVI incidents. This article outlines all the available ways to obtain postmortem fingerprints in complex cases, and how they can be applied to efficiently and effectively used in the DVI process.
Can asset‐backed securitisation reduce corporate leverage? Evidence from China
Authors: Pang Ronghui , Zhang Yanan , Li Jianbiao , Xie Shaopeng
Published: March 2024

Although Chinese regulatory authorities view corporate asset‐backed securitisation as a powerful tool for deleveraging, its effectiveness remains unexamined. Employing a look‐through approach to data from nonfinancial corporate asset‐backed securitisation transactions in China, we identify the actual originators and examine the impact of corporate asset‐backed securitisation on their leverage ratios. Regrettably, we find that corporate asset‐backed securitisation significantly increases the leverage ratio. This result holds true across both state‐owned and non‐state‐owned enterprises, as well as large‐scale and small‐scale enterprises. Finally, this study reveals that the effect of corporate asset‐backed securitisation on the leverage ratio is partially mediated by internal financing capacity.
The effect of ibuprofen sustained release oral premedication on intraoperative and postoperative pain: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Hossam Mariam Ahmed , El Baz Alaa Abdelsalam , Kwak Sang Won , Kim Hyeon‐Cheol , Abielhassan Mohamed Mohsen
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ibuprofen sustained release (SR) oral premedication on the efficacy of buccal infiltration (BI) with intraoperative and postoperative pain after single‐visit root canal treatment. Sixty patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in mandibular molar were divided into two groups. Group SR received ibuprofen SR 800 mg and group PL received placebo capsule 1 h before 3.6 mL articaine BI injection. Pain was recorded using a modified visual analogue scale and postoperatively at intervals 6, 24 and 48 h. Group SR showed a significantly higher anaesthetic success rate (73.3%) compared to group PL (46.7%) (p < 0.05). Intraoperative and postoperative pain was significantly higher in group PL compared to group SR (p < 0.05). Premedication of ibuprofen SR improved the efficacy of primary BI in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and decreased postoperative pain at 6 and 48 h.
Incorporating a hemodialysis filter into a commercial normothermic perfusion system to facilitate long‐term preservation of human split‐livers
Authors: Huang Joanna , Lau Ngee‐Soon , Ly Mark , Babekuhl Daniel , Yousif Paul , Liu Ken , McCaughan Geoff , Crawford Michael , Pulitano Carlo
Published: March 2024

Background

Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) allows for the assessment and resuscitation of ex‐vivo human livers prior to transplantation. Commercially available NMP systems are closed circuits that accumulate metabolic waste and cytokines over time, potentially limiting organ preservation times. Dialysis has been proposed as a method to remove waste and excess fluid from such systems. This study aimed to demonstrate the utility of integrating dialysis into a commercially available system by quantifying solute removal.

Methods

A dialysis filter was attached in parallel to a commercially available liver perfusion system. Three livers declined for transplantation were split before undergoing long‐term NMP with blood using the modified system. During perfusion, dialysate flow rates were set in the range of 100–600 mL/h for short periods of time. At each flow rate, perfusate and spent dialysate samples were collected and analyzed for solute clearance.

Results

The addition of dialysis to a commercial NMP system removed water‐soluble waste and helped regulate electrolyte concentrations. Interleukin‐6 was successfully removed from the perfusate. Solute clearance was proportional to dialysate flow rate. A guide for our perfusion setup was created for the appropriate selection of dialysis flow rates and duration based on real‐time perfusate composition.

Conclusions

Dialysis circuits can efficiently remove waste and regulate perfusate composition, and can be easily incorporated to improve the performance of commercially available systems. Quantification of the effect of dialysis on perfusate composition enables refined dialysis control to optimize electrolyte profiles and avoid the over‐ or under‐correction of key solutes.
Older adults' decision‐making following bad advice
Authors: Leon Tarren , Weidemann Gabrielle , Bailey Phoebe E.
Published: March 2024

There is minimal research investigating the influence of advice on decision‐making in older age. The present study investigated the effect of different types of bad advice, relative to no advice, on young and older adults' decision‐making in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Fifty‐four older adults and 59 young adults completed the IGT after receiving no advice, or advice to select from disadvantageous deck A (small, high‐frequency losses), or disadvantageous deck B (larger, low‐frequency losses). Corrugator EMG, memory and fluid intelligence were assessed. Averaged across advice conditions, older adults made more disadvantageous selections than young adults. There were no age‐related differences in responding to bad advice, nor in corrugator activity in response to losses (i.e. frowning), or in learning to avoid deck A faster than deck B. Selecting from deck B was associated with reduced education among older adults, and reduced fluid intelligence among young adults. The data suggest that older adults make more disadvantageous decisions than young adults, and this is not exacerbated by bad advice. Both young and older adults are slower at learning to avoid choices resulting in low frequency relative to high‐frequency losses, and this may be associated with individual differences in cognitive processing.
Soy‐derived isoflavones as chemo‐preventive agents targeting multiple signalling pathways for cancer prevention and therapy
Authors: Kaufman‐Szymczyk Agnieszka , Jalmuzna Justyna , Lubecka‐Gajewska Katarzyna
Published: March 2024

The chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties of soy and soy‐derived compounds, especially isoflavones, have been extensively studied in recent years. However, in contrast to their anticancer effects, such as cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, isoflavones have also been found to promote the growth of cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of this comprehensive review article is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms by which soy‐derived isoflavones target multiple cellular signalling pathways in cancer cells. Our findings indicate that soy‐derived isoflavones act as, among other things, potent modulators of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR)/SWI/SNF‐related matrix‐associated actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)/C–X–C motif chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), 17‐β‐oestradiol (E2)/oestrogen receptor‐α (ERα)/neuroglobin (NGB) and sonic hedgehog signalling pathways, epigenetic modulatory agents (i.a. miR‐155, miR‐34a and miR‐10a‐5p) and cancer stem cells and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition inhibitors. The paper also discusses the latest epidemiological studies and clinical trials and provides an insight into recent extensive research on the chemo‐preventive and therapeutic potential of soy‐derived isoflavones.
Rapoport's rule explains the range size distribution of butterflies along the Eastern Himalayan elevation gradient
Authors: Dewan Sailendra , Acharya Bhoj Kumar
Published: March 2024

Understanding elevational range size distribution of organisms can provide valuable insights on biogeographic pattern of species and their conservation. Rapoport's rule posits that the elevational range size of species increases with increasing elevation. However, the validity of this rule is often questioned due to variations in methodologies across studies and inconsistencies among different groups of organisms. In this study, we examined the elevational range size distribution of butterflies in the Eastern Himalaya, and assessed the applicability of Rapoport's rule using different approaches, which perhaps is the first of its kind in the Himalaya. We sampled butterflies along the elevational gradient of 16 elevational bands (300–3300 m) using point count method along the transect. The sampled butterflies were grouped into various sub‐groups based on family, biogeographic affinity, and larval feeding pattern. We found that the majority of the butterfly species (total as well as sub‐groups) had small range sizes, and their elevational range distribution showed support for the Rapoport's rule. Increase in variation in temperature as measured by temperature seasonality and mean annual temperature range were the most important predictors of range size distribution pattern of the overall butterfly community. However, the relationship between range size and climatic variability differed among various sub‐groups implying that the perceived pattern may vary even within the species of the same taxon.

Abstract in Nepali is available with online material.
Immune‐mediated spastic ataxia masquerading as clinically probable multisystem atrophy in an elderly woman
Authors: Ramesh Rithvik , Chadalawada Anuhya , Radhakrishna Pedapati , Ranganathan Lakshmi Narasimhan , Hazeena Philo , Shanmugam Sundar , Avadhani Deepa
Published: March 2024

Background

Autoimmune neurological syndromes pose diagnostic challenges due to their resemblance to neurodegenerative conditions. Autoimmune spastic ataxia is a rare phenomenon. This case presents a 56‐y‐old woman with subacute‐onset spastic ataxia, highlighting the complexities in diagnosis and the role of autoimmunity in such cases.

Case Presentation

A woman in her fifties developed progressive spastic ataxia over a year and presented to our outpatient department for evaluation. The patient exhibited clinical signs including saccadic intrusions, gaze‐evoked nystagmus, mixed dysarthria, spasticity, exaggerated reflexes, and cerebellar dysfunction. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) displayed the “hot cross bun sign” and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Initial tests yielded minimal abnormalities, but a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) emerged. The patient initially declined immunotherapy. Upon symptom progression, a repeat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed inflammatory changes and a whole‐body positron emission tomography (PET) scan indicated reduced uptake in the cerebellum and brainstem. Subsequent paraneoplastic antibody testing revealed an unspecified neuronal antibody targeting capillaries and arterioles. Treatment with steroids, plasmapheresis, and azathioprine led to sustained improvement, reducing spasticity, and enabling her to walk short distances.

Conclusions

This case emphasizes the diagnostic complexity of autoimmune neurological syndromes, particularly spastic ataxia. Autoimmune etiology should be considered even when neurodegenerative conditions seem likely. The presence of neuronal antibodies, inflammatory CSF, and response to immunotherapy underscores the role of autoimmunity in this case. Additionally, the “hot cross bun sign” may not always signify neurodegeneration, but can indicate immune‐mediated neural damage. Recognizing autoimmune involvement early offers therapeutic possibilities and highlights the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in such cases.
Radiological and clinical features of large consolidative‐type pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Qi Linlin , Wang Jianwei , Xue Liyan , Xue Qi , Jia Jia , Zhang Guochao , Liu Jianing , Li Fenglan , Cui Shulei
Published: March 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the radiological, pathological, and prognostic characteristics of large consolidative‐type pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas (IMA).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 738 patients who confirmed IMA between January 2010 and August 2022, and two radiologists reviewed imaging data to determine subtypes. We included 41 patients with pathologically large consolidative‐type IMA. We analyzed their radiological, pathological, and prognostic characteristics. The recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Most lesions were located in the lower lobe, with 46.3% patients showing multiple lesions. Halo, angiogram, vacuole, air bronchogram, and dead branch sign were observed in 97.6%, 73.2%, 63.4%, 61.0%, and 61.0% of the cases, respectively. Unevenly low enhancement was observed in 88.89% of patients. T3 and T4 pathological stages were observed in 50.0% and 30.6% of patients, respectively. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 16.7% patients, with no distant metastasis. Spread‐through air spaces and intrapulmonary dissemination were observed in 27.8% and 19.4% patients, respectively. Moreover, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene mutations were found in 68.6% of cases, and no epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were seen. Among all mutation sites, G12V mutation is the most common, accounting for 40%. The average RFS and OS were 19.4 and 66.4 months, respectively, with 3‐year RFS and OS rates of 30.0% and 75.0%, respectively. Pleural invasion and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for diagnosis.

Conclusion

Halo, vacuole, angiogram, and dead branch signs were frequently observed in consolidative‐type IMA. Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene mutations are common in consolidative‐type IMA, especially site G12V, whereas epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were rare; therefore, gene immunotherapy was more difficult. Most patients were in stage T3–T4; however, lymph node metastasis was rare.
Sun protection in outdoor workers – Development and validation of standardized questionnaires for behavior and knowledge
Authors: Rönsch Henriette , Rocholl Marc , Ludewig Michaela , Staudt Andreas , Langner Mathias , Steeb Theresa , Wilke Annika , John Swen Malte , Berking Carola , Beissert Stefan , Bauer Andrea
Published: March 2024

Background and objectives

Outdoor workers are at increased risk of developing non‐melanoma skin cancer. We aimed to address the lack of validated German‐language measurement instruments for outdoor workers’ sun safety behavior and knowledge by compiling and validating two questionnaires.

Participants and methods

By expert consensus, items for the assessment of protective behavior (OccuSun) were compiled based on existing instruments. For knowledge, a translation of the Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge (SCSK) scale was selected. After a pre‐test, a validation study including 68 outdoor workers (62% female) was conducted in 2020.

Results

The retest reliability was r = 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.86–0.96) for the protection score and rs = 0.78 (0.67–0.86) for the knowledge score. Protective behaviors were correlated with respective diary data (0.38 ≤ rs ≤ 0.74, p < 0.001) and skin pigmentation changes (–0.23 ≥ rs ≥ –0.42, 0.007 ≤ p ≤ 0.165) but not with self‐reported sunburn frequency (0.21 ≥ rs ≥ –0.04).

Conclusions

Among German outdoor workers, two questionnaires for the assessment of sun protection behavior (OccuSun) and knowledge (SCSK) demonstrated good reliability. The OccuSun had generally good validity. Both instruments are fit for subsequent validation to determine their sensitivity to change.
Variables included in cerebral palsy registries globally: A scoping review
Authors: Katangwe Thembi J. , Kruger Mariana , Chimowa Takondwa , Maposa Innocent , Van Toorn Ronald , Solomons Regan , Donald Kirsten A.
Published: March 2024

Aim

To identify cerebral palsy (CP) variables collected in CP registries from high‐income countries (HICs) and low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) to assist with the development of a regional CP registry relevant to the African region.

Method

A systematic search of online databases to identify peer‐reviewed publications and grey literature about CP risk‐factor variables, using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase Ovid, CINAHL, and Google Scholar.

Results

A total of 197 studies published from global CP registries between 1990 and 2023 were identified. CP registries both from HICs and from LMICs included variables on prenatal CP risk factors. LMIC registries focused more on socioeconomic factors (the physical structure of the family home [21.1%, n = 8, in LMICs vs 1.7%, n = 2, in HICs]). Prenatal modifiable and non‐modifiable risk factors were emphasized in HICs. LMIC registries included more postnatal CP risk‐factor variables than HIC registries, including history of postnatal jaundice (15.8%, n = 6, in LMICs vs 6.9%, n = 8, in HICs) and postnatal head trauma (10.5%, n = 4, in LMICs vs 5.2%, n = 6, in HICs).

Interpretation

CP registries are currently more available in HICs than in LMICs. Differences in CP risk factors account for most of the differences in variables included in HICs and LMICs. Comparing variables used by CP registries in HICs and LMICs suggests the importance of understanding contextually relevant factors for regional registry design.
Maladaptive response following glucose overload in GLUT4‐overexpressing H9C2 cardiomyoblasts
Authors: Stratmann Bernd , Eggers Britta , Mattern Yvonne , de Carvalho Tayana Silva , Marcus‐Alic Katrin , Tschoepe Diethelm
Published: March 2024

Background

Glucose overload drives diabetic cardiomyopathy by affecting the tricarboxylic acid pathway. However, it is still unknown how cells could overcome massive chronic glucose influx on cellular and structural level.

Methods/Materials

Expression profiles of hyperglycemic, glucose transporter‐4 (GLUT4) overexpressing H9C2 (KE2) cardiomyoblasts loaded with 30 mM glucose (KE230L) and wild type (WT) cardiomyoblasts loaded with 30 mM glucose (WT30L) were compared using proteomics, real‐time polymerase quantitative chain reaction analysis, or Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry.

Results

The findings suggest that hyperglycemic insulin‐sensitive cells at the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy present complex changes in levels of structural cell‐related proteins like tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases‐1 (1.3 fold), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (1.8 fold), type‐IV‐collagen (3.2 fold), chaperones (Glucose‐Regulated Protein 78: 1.8 fold), autophagy (Autophagosome Proteins LC3A, LC3B: 1.3 fold), and in unfolded protein response (UPR; activating transcription factor 6α expression: 2.3 fold and processing: 2.4 fold). Increased f‐actin levels were detectable with glucose overload by immnocytochemistry. Effects on energy balance (1.6 fold), sirtuin expression profile (Sirtuin 1: 0.7 fold, sirtuin 3: 1.9 fold, and sirtuin 6: 4.2 fold), and antioxidant enzymes (Catalase: 0.8 fold and Superoxide dismutase 2: 1.5 fold) were detected.

Conclusion

In conclusion, these findings implicate induction of chronic cell distress by sustained glucose accumulation with a non‐compensatory repair reaction not preventing final cell death. This might explain the chronic long lasting pathogenesis observed in developing heart failure in diabetes mellitus.
Selective reporting of placebo tests in top economics journals
Authors: Dreber Anna , Johannesson Magnus , Yang Yifan
Published: March 2024

Placebo tests provide incentives to underreport statistically significant tests, a form of reversed p‐hacking. We test for such underreporting in 11 top economics journals between 2009 and 2021 based on a pre‐registered analysis plan. If the null hypothesis is true in all tests, 2.5% of them should be significant at the 5% level with an effect in the same direction as the main test (and 5% in total). The actual fraction of statistically significant placebo tests with an effect in the same direction is 1.29% (95% CI [0.83, 1.63]), and the overall fraction of statistically significant placebo tests is 3.10% (95% CI [2.2, 4.0]).
Host aphid immunosuppression by Aphidius ervi venom
Authors: Russo Elia , Becchimanzi Andrea , Magoga Giulia , Montagna Matteo , Di Lelio Ilaria , Pennacchio Francesco
Published: March 2024

The host immunosuppression by parasitic wasps is an important component of the host regulation strategy. The venom injected at the oviposition is one of the key‐factors involved in this host alteration and, in some parasitoids, its immunosuppressive role is complemented by wasp's symbionts. Most studies in this research area are related to hosts belonging to Lepidoptera and Diptera, for which a strong immune response is observed, whereas little is known for hemimetabolous host species, characterized by apparently much weaker defense barriers. To fill this research gap, here we focus on the host–parasitoid system Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) – Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We functionally characterized a serine protease homolog (AeSPH) protein in vivo, identified in the venom of the aphid endoparasitoid A. ervi, generating AeSPH‐depleted female wasps by RNA interference and evaluating their capacity to successfully parasitize the host. Parasitism success rate was negatively affected by AeSPH knockdown and associated with an increased phenoloxidase (PO) cascade activation in aphids, scored by measuring PO enzymatic activity and the expression of phenoloxidase activating factor 2, a proPO‐activating gene upregulated in response to A. ervi parasitism. Our results indicate that AeSPH contributes to parasitism success by inhibiting the melanization response of the host, which is therefore an important component of the defense barriers involved in the parasitoid egg suppression. The ongoing studies on other virulence factors in A. ervi venom will allow to further characterize the immunosuppression strategy and its possible broader role in the host regulation through its action on aphid symbiont development.
Sequential sampling plans for Orgyia trigotephras infesting Quercus coccifera forests in North Africa
Authors: Ezzine Olfa , Mannu Roberto , Hammami Sonia , Francesconi Ana Helena Dias , Lentini Andrea , Ben Jamâa Mohamed Lahbib
Published: March 2024

The tussock moth, Orgyia trigotephras Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is one of the main emerging pests of kermes oak, Quercus coccifera L. (Fagaceae), in the Mediterranean area, where it can cause the defoliation of several hectares of forests during its population outbreaks. Despite this, no specific sampling procedures to properly estimate the population density of this pest have been developed yet. The aims of this research were to develop and compare enumerative and binomial sequential sampling plans to estimate the population density of O. trigotephras in forest environments. Data were collected in four forest stands dominated by Q. coccifera in Tunisia for 7 years (from 2013 to 2019) to take into consideration the potential spatio‐temporal variability in pest density. Plant community composition was determined at the beginning of the experimental trials, and enumerative and binomial sampling plans were developed at precision levels of 0.15 and 0.25. Over the entire sampling period, the average O. trigotephras egg batch density differed significantly among sites. Sample sizes of enumerative sampling plans were approximately 39 and 109 trees to estimate an average density of 0.50 O. trigotephras egg batches per tree at the precision levels of 0.25 and 0.15, respectively. Instead, binomial sequential sampling plans required smaller sampling sizes than the enumerative sampling plan. Our findings represent the baseline to develop a program for monitoring O. trigotephras at a large spatial scale.
Parent strategies to help emerging adults manage stress are associated with their mental health: A dyadic coping perspective
Authors: Lippold Melissa A. , Jensen Michaeline , Chase Gregory E. , Wyman Kacey , Jenkins Melissa R. , Mohanty Somya , Bodenmann Guy
Published: March 2024

Emerging adults (EAs) are at high risk for mental health challenges and frequently reach out to their parents for support. Yet little is known about how parents help emerging adults manage and cope with daily stressors and which strategies help and which hinder EA mental health. In this cross‐sectional pilot study of students at a 2‐ and 4‐year college (ages 18–25, N = 680, mean age = 19.0), we extend models of dyadic coping from intimate relationships to the parent‐emerging adult relationship and test whether six specific parent strategies to help emerging adults manage stress are associated with EA mental health. Emerging adults with parents who provided problem and emotion‐focused supportive dyadic coping, delegated dyadic coping, and common/joint dyadic coping reported fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as higher levels of psychological well‐being. In contrast, college‐attending emerging adults who reported higher levels of parent‐provided negative dyadic coping reported higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and lower psychological well‐being. Parent‐emerging adult dyadic coping is a fruitful area for future research and intervention development.