bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Electrolytes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Yifan , Ding Tangjing , Sun Dongmei , Ji Xiulei , Zhou Xiaosi
Published: December 2022

Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are considered as the potential energy storage devices due to the abundant reserves and low cost of potassium. In the past decade, research on KIBs has generally focused on electrode materials. However, since electrolytes also play a key role in determining the cell performance, this review summarizes recent advances in KIB electrolytes and design strategies. Specifically, the review includes five parts. First, the organic liquid electrolyte is the most widely used type for KIBs. Its two major components, salts and solvents, have a huge impact on the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase and the performance of KIBs. Changes in salts/solvents, the introduction of additives, and the concentration increase all have a positive effect on organic liquid electrolytes. Second, the design of water‐in‐salt electrolytes can effectively widen the narrow electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes. Third, despite the appealing properties, the ionic liquid electrolytes have not been widely applied due to its high cost. Fourth, the solid‐state electrolytes have drawn much attention due to high safety, and current research has been working on improving their ionic conductivity at room temperature. Lastly, perspectives are provided to support the future development of suitable electrolytes for high‐performance KIBs.
Matching Bidentate Ligand Anchoring: an Accurate Control Strategy for Stable Single‐Atom/ZIF Nanocatalysts
Authors: Yun Yapei , Zeng Haitao , Li Lin , Li Haifeng , Cheng Shen , Sun Ningning , Li Meng , Sheng Hongting , Hu Shuxian , Yao Tao , Zhu Manzhou
Published: December 2022

Improving metal loading and controlling the coordination environment is nontrivial and challenging for single‐atom catalysts (SACs), which have the greatest atomic efficiency and largest number of interface sites. In this study, a matching bidentate ligand (MBL) anchoring strategy is designed for the construction of CuN4 SACs with tunable coordination environments (Cu loading range from 0.4 to15.4 wt.%). The obtained Cu SA/ZIF and Cu SA/ZIF*﻿﻿ (0.4 wt.%) (ZIF and ZIF* = Zeolitic imidazolate framework with Matching bidentate N‐ligands) nanocomposites exhibit superior performance in homo‐coupling of phenyl acetylene under light irradiation (TON = 580, selectivity > 99%), which is 22 times higher than that of Cu SA/NC‐800 (NC = N‐doped porous carbon). Experiments and density functional theory calculations confirmed that the specific Cu five‐membered ring formed using the MBL anchoring strategy is the key to the immobilization of isolated Cu atoms. This strategy provides a basis for the construction of M SA/MOF, which has the potential to narrow the gap between experimental and theoretical catalysis, as further confirmed by the successful preparation of Fe SA/ZIF and Ni SA/ZIF.
Giant Magnetic Anisotropy in the Atomically Thin van der Waals Antiferromagnet FePS3
Authors: Lee Youjin , Son Suhan , Kim Chaebin , Kang Soonmin , Shen Junying , Kenzelmann Michel , Delley Bernard , Savchenko Tatiana , Parchenko Sergii , Na Woongki , Choi Ki‐Young , Kim Wondong , Cheong Hyeonsik , Derlet Peter M. , Kleibert Armin , Park Je‐Geun
Published: December 2022

Van der Waals (vdW) magnets are an ideal platform for tailoring 2D magnetism with immense potential for spintronics applications and are intensively investigated. However, little is known about the microscopic origin of magnetic order in these antiferromagnetic systems. X‐ray photoemission electron microscopy is used to address the electronic and magnetic properties of the vdW antiferromagnet FePS3down to the monolayer. The experiments reveal a giant out‐of‐plane magnetic anisotropy of 22 meV per Fe ion, accompanied by unquenched magnetic orbital moments. Moreover, the calculations suggest that the Ising magnetism in FePS3is a visible manifestation of spin–orbit entanglement of the Fe 3delectron system.
Network polyimide membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization for hot H2 purification
Authors: Cong Shenzhen , Yuan Ye , Wang Jixiao , Wang Zhi , Liu Xinlei
Published: December 2022

Novel polymeric membranes are to be developed for hot H2/CO2 separation. In this work, network polyimide (PI) membranes are prepared via a simple interfacial polymerization method using low‐cost melamine and pyromellitic dianhydride monomers. The membrane performance surpasses the upper bound of H2/CO2 separation. Moreover, the membranes exhibit a H2/CO2 separation factor of 18.7 at 623 K and a robust performance after treatment with steam and H2S.
Polygenic and environmental determinants of tics in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Abdulkadir Mohamed , Tischfield Jay A. , Heiman Gary A. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Dietrich Andrea
Published: December 2022

Tourette syndrome (TS) is caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Yet, little is known about the interplay of these factors in the occurrence of tics. We investigated whether polygenic risk score (PRS) of TS and pregnancy‐related factors together enhance the explained variance of tic occurrence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (Ncases = 612; Ncontrols = 4,201; 50% male; mean age 13.8 years). We included a cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score, maternal anxiety and depression, and maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy. We investigated possible joint effects of genetic and pregnancy‐related risk factors using a multivariable approach, and explored mediation effects between the pregnancy‐related risk factors in explaining tic presence. The PRS and the cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score, maternal anxiety, or maternal depression explained significantly more variance of tic presence compared to models including only the PRS. Furthermore, we found that the cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score mediated the association between several pregnancy‐related factors (maternal anxiety, depression, and smoking) and tics. The combination of a PRS and pregnancy‐related risk factors explained more variance of tics in a general population cohort compared to studying these factors in isolation.
Form, function and evolution of the human hand
Authors: Kivell Tracy L. , Baraki Niguss , Lockwood Victoria , Williams‐Hatala Erin Marie , Wood Bernard A.
Published: December 2022

The modern human hand is an intriguing mix of primitive morphology and derived function. Traditionally, its form and function are explained as a functional “trade‐off” between the requirements of locomotion and manipulation, but recently acquired comparative, experimental and fossil evidence suggests that this functional trade‐off is more complex than conventional wisdom suggests. Moreover, when studying hand evolution within the hominin clade, the only morphological evidence comes from the hard‐tissues, and evidence about hand function must be inferred indirectly from the archaeological record. We lack information about critical aspects of hand form (e.g., soft tissues) and function (e.g., neurology) as well as non‐lithic evidence about behavior. Thus, comparative anatomical, experimental and ethological studies of modern humans and other primates are critical to making more informed inferences about hand use in the past. We review the relevant fossil and archaeological evidence within the relevant comparative context (e.g., other extant apes and dexterous monkeys) in an attempt to reconstruct hand evolution within the hominin clade. We conclude by summarizing our current understanding—or lack thereof—of the evolutionary history of the modern human hand.
Nutritional metabolism and cerebral bioenergetics in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Yassine Hussein N. , Self Wade , Kerman Bilal E. , Santoni Giulia , Navalpur Shanmugam NandaKumar , Abdullah Laila , Golden Lesley R. , Fonteh Alfred N. , Harrington Michael G. , Gräff Johannes , Gibson Gary E. , Kalaria Raj , Luchsinger Jose A. , Feldman Howard H. , Swerdlow Russell H. , Johnson Lance A. , Albensi Benedict C. , Zlokovic Berislav V. , Tanzi Rudolph , Cunnane Stephen , Samieri Cécilia , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Bowman Gene L.
Published: December 2022

Disturbances in the brain's capacity to meet its energy demand increase the risk of synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Nutritional and metabolic interventions that target metabolic pathways combined with diagnostics to identify deficits in cerebral bioenergetics may therefore offer novel therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention and management. Many diet‐derived natural bioactive components can govern cellular energy metabolism but their effects on brain aging are not clear. This review examines how nutritional metabolism can regulate brain bioenergetics and mitigate AD risk. We focus on leading mechanisms of cerebral bioenergetic breakdown in the aging brain at the cellular level, as well as the putative causes and consequences of disturbed bioenergetics, particularly at the blood‐brain barrier with implications for nutrient brain delivery and nutritional interventions. Novel therapeutic nutrition approaches including diet patterns are provided, integrating studies of the gut microbiome, neuroimaging, and other biomarkers to guide future personalized nutritional interventions.
Real‐time Observation of Macroscopic Helical Morphologies under Optical Microscope: A Curious Case of π–π Stacking Driven Molecular Self‐assembly of an Organic Gelator Devoid of Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Bera Sourabh , Basu Sushmita , Jana Biman , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: December 2022

Supramolecular assemblies such as tubules/helix/double helix/helical tape etc. are usually submicron objects preventing direct observation under optical microscope. Chiral‐pure form of these assemblies is important for potential applications. Herein, we report a rare phenomenon wherein a DMSO gel of a simple terpyridine derivative [(4‐CNPhe)4PyTerp] produced macroscopic helical morphologies (μm length scale) which could be observed under optical microscope, formation of which could be monitored by optical videography, stable enough to withstand acidic vapour, robust enough to display reversible gel↔sol in response to acidic and ammonia vapour and sturdy enough to be maneuvered with a needle. These properties appeared to be unique to the title compound as the other related derivatives failed to display such assembly structures. SXRD and MD simulation studies suggested that weak interactions (π‐π stacking) played a crucial role in the self‐assembly process.
3D‐printed PLA/Gel hybrid in liver tissue engineering: Effects of architecture on biological functions
Authors: Mirdamadi Elnaz Sadat , Khosrowpour Zahra , Jafari Davod , Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher , Solati‐Hashjin Mehran
Published: December 2022

The liver is one of the vital organs in the body, and the gold standard of treatment for liver function impairment is liver transplantation, which poses many challenges. The specific three‐dimensional (3D) structure of liver, which significantly impacts the growth and function of its cells, has made biofabrication with the 3D printing of scaffolds suitable for this approach. In this study, to investigate the effect of scaffold geometry on the performance of HepG2 cells, poly‐lactic acid (PLA) polymer was used as the input of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D‐printing machine. Samples with simple square and bioinspired hexagonal cross‐sectional designs were printed. One percent and 2% of gelatin coating were applied to the 3D printed PLA to improve the wettability and surface properties of the scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy pictures were used to analyze the structural properties of PLA–Gel hybrid scaffolds, energy dispersive spectroscopy to investigate the presence of gelatin, water contact angle measurement for wettability, and weight loss for degradation. In vitro tests were performed by culturing HepG2 cells on the scaffold to evaluate the cell adhesion, viability, cytotoxicity, and specific liver functions. Then, high‐precision scaffolds were printed and the presence of gelatin was detected. Also, the effect of geometry on cell function was confirmed in viability, adhesion, and functional tests. The albumin and urea production of the Hexagonal PLA scaffold was about 1.22 ± 0.02‐fold higher than the square design in 3 days. This study will hopefully advance our understanding of liver tissue engineering toward a promising perspective for liver regeneration.
Metabolomics analysis of the serum metabolic signature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease combined with prediabetes model rats after the intervention of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides combined with aerobic activity
Authors: Fan Yanna , Zhang Mengwei , Ma Jiamin , Zhang Yannan , Yang Jianjun
Published: December 2022

Metabolic disorders accompany nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), associated with prediabetes. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) seem to be a potential prebiotic, and aerobic exercise has shown protective effects on NAFLD with prediabetes. However, their combined effects on NAFLD and prediabetes remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of LBP and aerobic exercise alone, and their combined effects on the metabolomics of serum, and explored the potential mechanisms utilizing a high‐fat diet‐induced rat model of NAFLD and prediabetes. It provided the metabolic basis for the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of prediabetes complicated with NAFLD. Untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry to analyze the changes in overall metabolites in each group of samples. An orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis model with variable importance on projection >1 and p < 0.05 were used as the screening criteria to screen the significant differential metabolites and analyze the expression changes and functional pathways. Different intervention treatments showed clear discrimination by univariate and multivariate analyses. The model group had a high relative level of expression of lipids. Comparison between the two groups showed steroids with high expression after LBP and aerobic exercise treatment separately and alkaloids and fatty acyls with high expression after aerobic exercise and the combination intervention, respectively. Comparison of the five groups showed some of the metabolites to be differently expressed after the intervention improved lipid and fatty acid metabolism. The three types of intervention had sound effects on the changes in liver index for the diseases studied. Furthermore, the combination treatment may be a better choice for disease prevention and treatment than a single treatment. Our analysis of metabolomics confirmed that the different treatments had significant regulatory effects on the metabolic pathways. Our findings strongly support the possibility that aerobic exercise combined with LBP can be regarded as a potential therapeutic method for NAFLD in prediabetics.
Nanoporous electroporation needle for localized intracellular delivery in deep tissues
Authors: Lee Gyeong Won , Kim Byeongyeon , Lee Tae Wook , Yim Sang‐Gu , Chandrasekharan Ajeesh , Kim Hyewon , Choi Sungyoung , Yang Seung Yun
Published: December 2022

The exogenous control of intracellular drug delivery has been shown to improve the overall efficacy of therapies by reducing nonspecific off‐target toxicity. However, achieving a precise on‐demand dosage of a drug in deep tissues with minimal damage is still a challenge. In this study, we report an electric‐pulse‐driven nanopore‐electroporation (nEP) system for the localized intracellular delivery of a model agent in deep tissues. Compared with conventional bulk electroporation, in vitro nEP achieved better transfection efficiency (>60%) with a high cell recovery rate (>95%) under a nontoxic low electroporation condition (40 V). Furthermore, in vivo nEP using a nanopore needle electrode with a side drug‐releasing compartment offered better control over the dosage release, time, and location of propidium iodide, which was used as a model agent for intracellular delivery. In a pilot study using experimental animals, the nEP system exhibited two times higher transfection efficiency of propidium iodide in the thigh muscle tissue, while minimizing tissue damage (<20%) compared to that of bulk electroporation. This tissue‐penetrating nEP platform can provide localized, safe, and effective intracellular delivery of diverse therapeutics into deep tissues in a controlled manner.
A 5‐year survival status prognosis of nonmetastatic cervical cancer patients through machine learning algorithms
Authors: Yu Wenke , Lu Yanwei , Shou Huafeng , Xu Hong’en , Shi Lei , Geng Xiaolu , Song Tao
Published: December 2022

Background

Prediction models with high accuracy rates for nonmetastatic cervical cancer (CC) patients are limited. This study aimed to construct and compare predictive models on the basis of machine learning (ML) algorithms for predicting the 5‐year survival status of CC patients through using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results public database of the National Cancer Institute.

Methods

The data registered from 2004 to 2016 were extracted and randomly divided into training and validation cohorts (8:2). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was employed to identify significant factors. Then, four predictive models were constructed, including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The predictive models were evaluated and compared using Receiver‐operating characteristics with areas under the curves (AUCs) and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively.

Results

A total of 13,802 patients were involved and classified into training (N = 11,041) and validation (N = 2761) cohorts. By using the LASSO regression method, seven factors were identified. In the training cohort, the XGBoost model showed the best performance (AUC = 0.8400) compared to the other three models (all p < 0.05 by Delong's test). In the validation cohort, the XGBoost model also demonstrated a superior prediction ability (AUC = 0.8365) than LR and SVM models (both p < 0.05 by Delong's test), although the difference was not statistically significant between the XGBoost and the RF models (p = 0.4251 by Delong's test). Based on the DCA results, the XGBoost model was also superior, and feature importance analysis indicated that the tumor stage was the most important variable among the seven factors.

Conclusions

The XGBoost model proved to be an effective algorithm with better prediction abilities. This model is proposed to support better decision‐making for nonmetastatic CC patients in the future.
Identification of abnormal conditions for gold flotation process based on multivariate information fusion and double‐channel convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Shu , Zhang Lin , Lu Di , Fu Yu
Published: December 2022

Accurate and in‐time working condition identification plays a great role in industrial processes. However, most of the current flotation process identification models only use the characteristics of flotation froth as an identification basis, which often causes identification errors due to the instability of the froth, and a large amount of process data is not fully utilized. In this paper, an abnormal condition identification method based on multivariate information fusion and double‐channel convolutional neural network (double‐channel CNN) is proposed to achieve higher accuracy. First, a double‐channel CNN is used to extract depth features from different distributions of froth images and process data in parallel. Then, double normalized attention mechanism (double normalized AM) and multivariate information fusion methods are used to attach weights to the features and fuse them so as to ensure a higher response of key features and increase the reliability of the identification model. The method shows better performance than existing methods in offline simulations and has been validated online at a mineral processing plant in Shandong.
Machine learning modelling and evaluation of jet fires from natural gas processing, storage, and transport
Authors: Mashhadimoslem Hossein , Ghaemi Ahad , Palacios Adriana , Almansoori Ali , Elkamel Ali
Published: December 2022

Jet fires and their repercussions play a significant role in catastrophic incidents that typically have a cascading impact in process industries. Several hydrocarbon experiments from 19 papers were incorporated into the current endeavour to develop simulations of jet flames using machine learning (ML) models. Dimensionless characteristics have been used as output and input variables, including mass flow rates, fuel density, jet flame length, and heat release fluxes. When training three layers of the multi‐layer feedforward neural network (MLFFNN) method, a Bayesian regularization backpropagation approach was adopted and evaluated with the radial based functions (RBF) algorithm. Through an optimization procedure, the first and second hidden layers of the MLFFNN have been optimized to include 10 and five neurons, respectively. The RBF algorithm with 40 neurons in a single layer has been computed using the same method. The best mean square error (MSE) validation results for RBF and MLFFNN were 0.006 and 0.0002, respectively, for 40 and 100 epochs. The MLFFNN and RBF models' respective regression statistical analysis outputs were 0.9949 and 0.9645. The ML method has been identified as a potentially useful technique for precisely predicting the geometrical and radiative characteristics of jet flames.
Disparities in eating disorder symptoms and mental healthcare engagement prior to and following the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Findings from a national study of US college students
Authors: Romano Kelly A. , Lipson Sarah K. , Beccia Ariel L. , Quatromoni Paula A. , Murgueitio Jose
Published: December 2022

Objective

Early COVID‐19 eating disorders (EDs) research used regionally restricted samples with little sociodemographic diversity. The present study aimed to address these research gaps by examining whether pandemic‐related changes in ED symptoms and mental healthcare prevalence differed for historically marginalized groups within a national sample of US college students.

Method

Participants included 242,906 US college students (Mage = 23.45, SD = 7.04; MBMI = 25.28, SD = 5.91) who completed the repeated cross‐sectional multi‐institute Healthy Minds Study between January 2019 and May 2021. Moderated logistic regressions examined whether pandemic‐related changes in individuals' likelihoods of exhibiting current probable ED, reporting lifetime ED diagnoses, and—among individuals with current probable ED—mental healthcare engagement differed for diverse gender, sexual, and racial/ethnic identity groups, and by body mass index (BMI) and financial stress.

Results

There were increases of 5% and 12% in individuals' likelihoods of exhibiting current probable ED and symptomatic individuals' mental healthcare engagement, respectively, pre‐ to post‐COVID‐19 onset, but no pandemic‐related changes in lifetime ED diagnosis prevalence. There were also important variations in these time‐trends for different marginalized groups. For example, individuals identifying as genderqueer/gender nonconforming and lesbian exhibited increasing ED symptoms pre‐ to post‐COVID‐19 onset, and individuals with current probable ED and higher BMIs were increasingly likely to receive mental healthcare. Associations between financial stress, and the ED and mental healthcare outcomes did not change over time.

Discussion

These findings provide insight into groups of US college students that experienced disproportionate ED burden during the pandemic at the population level, and directions for research and interventions that warrant consideration.
Supported Metal Sulfate Catalysts FexZny/SiO2 for Selective Dimerization of Isobutene in Mixed C4 to Isooctenes
Authors: Yu Yue , Lv Zhongwu , Zhong Haijun , Bai Wei , Ji Min
Published: December 2022

Isobutene dimerization is an important route to properly utilize mixed C4 and further produce isooctane with a high‐octane number to replace MTBE in gasoline. A highly selective catalyst, which is effective for isobutene dimerization but ineffective for other olefins in the C4 mixture, is necessary for industrial implementation. In this work, a series of supported metal sulfate catalysts FexZny/SiO2 were prepared and characterized by XRD, SEM, N2 physical adsorption‐desorption, NH3‐TPD, Py‐FTIR, and XPS. Fe0.2Zn1.8/SiO2 can achieve isobutene conversion up to 89 % with 0 % conversion of n‐butene, and the selectivity of isooctenes (C8=) product is 57 % (10 h on stream). Furthermore, isobutene conversion can sustain above 80 % after 50 h. It is found that these supported catalysts contain Zn2+, Zn+, Fe3+, and Fe2+ species, and there is a synergetic effect between Zn2+ and Fe2+. Zn2+ is beneficial to improve the conversion of isobutene, and Fe2+ facilitates the formation of C8=, resulting in a high C8= yield.
Efficient Synthesis of Bicyclic 2‐Pyridinones and 6‐Amino‐2‐pyridinones by the Regioselective Cycloaddition of Nitro Ketene Aminal with 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐aryl‐acrylate
Authors: Wang Si‐Yu , Zhang Zhong‐Wei , Yuan Liu , Jin Yi , Zhang Cong‐Hai , Lin Jun
Published: December 2022

An efficient and simple procedure for the preparation of 2‐pyridinone is reported. The obtained products contained various bicyclic 2‐pyridinones and multi‐substituted 6‐amino‐2‐pyridinones. This approach employed 3‐hydroxy‐2‐aryl acrylate and nitro ketene aminal as substrates, and the corresponding 2‐pyridinones were obtained in good to excellent yields. This method may be used for the synthesis of bicyclic 2‐pyridinones, as well as multi‐substituted complex 2‐pyridinones.
A Simple Cathode Interfacial Material Performs Well in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Mingyue , Li Miao , Hu Lianghao , Cui Xinyue , Liu Peng , Su Jian , Yan Yong , Zhou Yuanyuan , Song Jian , Qin Chaochao , Qin Ruiping
Published: December 2022

A low‐cost perylene‐diimide diphosphonium bromide cathode interlayer material ((1,3,8,10‐tetraoxo‐1,3,8,10‐tetrahydroanthra[2,1,9‐def:6,5,10‐d'e’f']diisoquinoline‐2, 9‐diyl)bis(4,1‐phenylene))bis(triphenylphosphonium)bromide (named as CIL‐4), whose photovoltaic performance is comparable with recognized poly[(9,9‐bis(3′‐((N,N‐dimethyl)‐N‐ethylammonium)‐propyl)‐2,7‐fluorene)‐alt‐2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluor ene)] (PFN‐Br) is reported in this article. Unlike PFN‐Br, CIL‐4 is easy to prepare and well soluble in highly polarized solvents such as H2O, CH3OH, and DMF. An impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.08% is demonstrated. In addition, CIL‐4 is very cost‐effective because of the one‐step synthesis and purification method. CIL‐4 also favorably tends to form a high‐quality amorphous films by a simple solution process. The femtosecond transient absorption (TA) experiment verified electron transfer occurs between n‐type electron acceptor Y6 and the CIL‐4 film interface. This work indicates that perylene‐diimide diphosphonium bromide can be a competent cathode‐adjusting material in the optoelectronic field.
Introducing Spectrophotometry for Quality Control in Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Electrode Manufacturing
Authors: Weber Marcel , Schoo Alexander , Sander Marie , Mayer Julian K. , Kwade Arno
Published: December 2022

The demand for electrochemical storage systems is increasing due to their conventional use in mobile applications and potential as energy storage devices in power generation and electromobility. Due to its comparatively low weight and high energy density, the lithium‐ion battery is one of the most widely used electrochemical storage devices. Battery cell production consists of a complex process chain with a large number of interdisciplinary processes. Each process step has specific requirements for the product. Different process parameters are essential in each step and require unique control measurements to ensure the quality of the intermediate product. To identify critical parameters, an understanding of the potential effects of different process parameters and the relationship between structural characteristics and end product properties must be gained. Therefore, herein, spectrophotometry concerning its application in lithium‐ion battery production is investigated. Individual process steps in electrode production are carried out to establish a correlation between intermediate product properties and measured color values. The influences of the powder components, the dispersion, and coating process are discussed. Based on the experiments carried out in this study, the suitability of spectrophotometry as an indirect measurement method of intermediate product properties is demonstrated.
High‐Performance Flexible Piezo–Tribo Hybrid Nanogenerator Based on MoS2@ZnO‐Assisted β‐Phase‐Stabilized Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Nanocomposite
Authors: Ojha Suparna , Bera Sumanta , Manna Mousam , Maitra Anirban , Si Suman Kumar , Halder Lopamudra , Bera Aswini , Khatua Bhanu Bhusan
Published: December 2022

The fabrication of nanogenerators is most promising for the worldwide energy crisis situation. Nowadays, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and triboelectric nanogenerators are getting immense recognition in the energy field. Herein, piezoelectric and triboelectric effects are combined in a fabricated piezo–tribo hybrid nanogenerator (HNG) for better output performance. A few layered MoS2 on Cu foil via electrodeposition process is deposited and then ZnO is incorporated through electrodeposition, followed by spin coating of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as piezoelectric material. Incorporation of ZnO increases both the piezoelectric property of the PENG and the triboelectric performance. The PVDF/MoS2@ZnO‐based HNG shows astonishing results of open‐circuit voltage (≈140 V) and short‐circuit current (≈4.6 μA) with 256 μW cm−2 power density under piezo‐tribo imparting, which is even better than most ultramodern and complex cleanroom processed nanogenerators. With excellent output performance, this HNG is also capable of harvesting energy from various mechanical and biological movements like walking, heel pressing, elbow bending, and machine vibration. It can lighten up 33 LEDs connected in series and can power up electronic devices like a calculator and wristwatch. The PENG is also biocompatible and sensitive toward physiological signal monitoring, which can be useful for potential biomedical applications.
N, S Codoping and Mesoporous‐Induced Capacitive Storage Enhancement in Supercapacitor and Improved Li–S Battery Performances of Polystyrene Waste‐Derived Carbon Electrode
Authors: Archana Suresh , Sharafudeen Pamangadan C. , Elumalai Perumal
Published: December 2022

The accumulation of solid polymer wastes stifles society's sustainable growth. Herein, N‐, S‐codoped polystyrene (thermocol) waste‐derived carbon is synthesized using a simple approach and utilized as an electrode for a lithium–sulfur battery and supercapacitor applications. The aqueous symmetric supercapacitor delivers a high specific energy of 60 and 27 Wh kg−1 at a specific power of 75 and 3780 W kg−1, respectively and 150 Wh kg−1 at a specific power of 520 W kg−1 in nonaqueous sodium‐ion capacitors with high cycling stability. Deconvolution by Dunn's and Trasatti's approaches reveals an enhanced capacitive‐charge storage rather than diffusive‐charge storage due to heteroatom doping and mesopores of the generated carbon. The lithium–sulfur battery delivers a stable capacity of 1079 mAh g−1 at 0.1C rate with excellent cycling stability over 500 cycles, suggesting improved mitigation of polysulfide dissolution imparted by the mesoporous carbon with thiophene moiety which effectively traps Li2S
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Tuning Sugar Biomass Waste Conversion for the Preparation of Carbon Materials for Supercapacitors and Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Chernysheva Daria V. , Konstantinov Maksim S. , Sidash Ekaterina A. , Klushin Victor A. , Tokarev Denis V. , Andreeva Veronica E. , Butova Vera V. , Kaichev Vasily V. , Smirnova Nina V. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: December 2022

Agriculture is the most massive material circulation activity of humans, with significant annual volumes of production as well as substantial amounts of waste. Transforming agricultural wastes into high‐value‐added products is the key to sustainable development with efficient usage of renewable resources. The present study demonstrates the fine‐tuning of the sugar beet pulp processing to access two types of materials for cutting edge applications—supercapacitors and fuel cells. Alkaline fine‐tuning results in N,O‐doped carbon material (CM) with an advantageous combination of surface area and morphology that allows to achieve high specific capacitance (308 F g−1), and excellent stability (>10 000 charge/discharge cycles). Not limited to the CM preparation and characterization, a real device is created in the present study to demonstrate the efficient usage of the carbon electrode in the form of the assembled coin cell. Acidic fine‐tuning, in contrast, yields a methodology for P,N,O‐doped material and optimizes to form active sites with electrocatalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction that is used for electricity production in proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells. The developed approach demonstrates the tuning of functional properties and morphology of CMs under experimentally simple conditions using conventional reagents (KOH and H3PO4) and opens up new directions in the circular biomass usage projects.
Dual‐channel capsule generation adversarial network based blockchain technology for a secured dynamic optimal routing in mobile ad hoc network
Authors: M Vanitha , Anand Sujatha Jamuna , V Radhamani , Rajalakshmi N. R.
Published: December 2022

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) routing is allocated packets to the base station. It preserves the routing buttressing and the efficiency of MANET. None of effective approaches presented so far averting spiteful node occurrences. To overcome this issue, in this article, dual‐channel capsule generation adversarial network (DCCGAN) optimized with arithmetic optimization algorithm is proposed for blockchain based trusted distributed routing scheme in MANET (DCCGAN‐AOA‐BC‐MANET). The proposed approach offers the distributed trust module for routing nodes in MANETs that is proof‐of‐authority through blockchain. Here, the token is engendered for the packet stream admittances with the secret key transmitted to every routing mobile node, also it offers the optimum path for data transmission. The trusted distributed optimum routing information is distributed based upon proposed blockchain based MANET. The proposed approach is simulated utilizing NS‐3 tool. The performance metrics, such as delay performance, average delay, average latency, average energy consume, BC token transactions throughput. The simulation of proposed DCCGAN‐AOA‐BC‐MANET method provides 76.26%, 65.57%, 80.32%, and 42.9% lower transaction latency, 73.06%, 63.82%, 85.56%, and 38.84% lower energy consumption compared to the existing methods.
Decades of Global Sturgeon Conservation Efforts Are Threatened by an Expanding Captive Culture Industry
Authors: White Shannon L , Fox Dewayne A , Beridze Tamar , Bolden Stephania K , Johnson Robin L , Savoy Thomas F , Scheele Fleur , Schreier Andrea D , Kazyak David C
Published: December 2022

After centuries of overexploitation and habitat loss, many of the world's sturgeon (Acipenseridae) populations are at the brink of extinction. Although significant resources are invested into the conservation and restoration of imperiled sturgeons, the burgeoning commercial culture industry poses an imminent threat to the persistence of many populations. In the past decade, the number and distribution of captive sturgeon facilities has grown exponentially and now encompasses diverse interest groups ranging from hobby aquarists to industrial-scale commercial facilities. Expansion of sturgeon captive culture has largely fallen outside the purview of existing regulatory frameworks, raising concerns that continued growth of this industry has real potential to jeopardize conservation of global sturgeon populations. Here, we highlight some of the most significant threats commercial culture poses to wild populations, with particular emphasis on how releases can accelerate wild population declines through mechanisms such as hybridization, introgression, competition, and disease transmission. We also note that in some circumstances, commercial captive culture has continued to motivate harvest of wild populations, potentially accelerating species' declines. Given the prevalence and trajectory of sturgeon captive culture programs, we comment on modifications to regulatory frameworks that could improve the ability of captive culture to support wild sturgeon conservation.
Plant‐based diets could ameliorate the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in adults with chronic diseases
Authors: Lotfi Mostafa , Nouri Mehran , Turki Jalil Abduladheem , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Babajafari Siavash , Ghoddusi Johari Masoumeh , Faghih Shiva
Published: December 2022

Adherence to plant‐based diets is recommended to prevent and control chronic diseases. However, not all plant‐based foods are healthy for this purpose. This study investigated the relationship between plant‐based diets and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in adults with chronic diseases. This cross‐sectional study was performed on 3678 males and females (age range: 40–70 years) with chronic diseases who participated in the Kharameh cohort study. A validated semiquantitative food‐frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the plant‐based diet index (PDI), healthy plant‐based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthy plant‐based diet index (uPDI). Lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure, and anthropometric indices were measured. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between plant‐based diets and CVDs risk factors. Higher adherence to the PDI was inversely associated with the level of FBS (odds ratio [OR] = 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33–0.53; p < .001). A significant decrease was observed for total cholesterol in those with higher adherence to hPDI (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65–0.98; p = .035). Additionally, the score of uPDI was positively related to FBS (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.00–1.53; p = .01), total cholesterol (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01–1.49; p = .061), and low‐density lipoprotein (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.13–1.71; p = .009). It was concluded that adherence to PDI and hPDI was related to a lower level of FBS and total cholesterol, respectively. Moreover, the findings suggested that regular intake of the uPDI was correlated with some risk factors for CVDs in adults with chronic diseases.
Nutritional, functional, and sensorial properties of oat milk produced by single and combined acid, alkaline, α‐amylase, and sprouting treatments
Authors: Babolanimogadam Nima , Gandomi Hassan , Akhondzadeh Basti Afshin , Taherzadeh Mohammad J.
Published: December 2022

In this study, the effects of different treatments of the oat slurry on the nutritional, functional, and sensorial properties of oat milk were evaluated. The sprouting and sprouting–acidic treatments have the highest oat milk yield (91.70%) and protein extraction yield (82.74%), respectively. The protein concentrations of alkali, sprouting–acidic, and α‐amylase–alkali treatments were significantly (p < .05) higher than other treatments. The alkali treatments showed higher fat content (0.66%). In addition, acidic and alkali treatments in single or combined with other treatments showed the highest dry matter and energy value. The carbohydrate content of α‐amylase–alkali treatment (4.35%) was higher than other treatments and also, all acidic treatments showed higher ash content (>1) compared to the other treatments. Furthermore, the sprouting–α‐amylase and acidic–α‐amylase showed the lowest starch (0.28%) and the highest reducing sugar content (3.15%) compared to the other treatments, respectively. Moreover, the α‐amylase–alkali treatment showed the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (342.67 mg GAE/L and 183.08 mg BHT eq/L, respectively). Furthermore, sensory evaluation of most treatments showed acceptable scores (≥7) for consumers, especially in the case of α‐amylase, sprouting, and α‐amylase–sprouting treatments. Results show that the different treatments had different effects on the nutritional, functional, and sensorial properties of oat milk. In conclusion, from the nutritional and functional point of view, the two‐stage treatments were more effective than singular treatments on investigated factors proposing their application in functional plant milk preparation.
Risk of COVID‐19 infection among mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation team
Authors: Tawel Rabee , Altawil Lubna , Hassan Koya Sunil , Jaouni Hani , Alinier Guillaume , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Labib Ahmed
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim

The transport of coronavirus‐2019 (COVID‐19) patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a challenging situation, especially for healthcare workers (HCWs), due to the risk of cross‐infection. Hence, certain precautions are needed for their safety. The study aims to evaluate the risk of COVID‐19 transmission to HCWs who transport COVID‐19 patients on ECMO device.

Methods

A retrospective review of adult patients with COVID‐19 infection supported with ECMO and transported by ground route to the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) at Hamad General Hospital (HGH) and a survey of HCWs involved in those cases.

Results

A total of 63 HCWs of the mobile ECMO team were exposed to COVID‐19‐positive patients on 199 occasions. HCWs exposure time was nearly 110 h, and the total transport distance was 1018 km. During the study period, only two of the mobile ECMO HCWs tested positive for COVID‐19. There was zero incidence of transfer‐associated injuries or accidents to HCWs.

Conclusions

The risk of COVID‐19 cross‐infection to the mobile ECMO team seems to be very low, provided that strict infection prevention and control measures are applied.
Variable chemical process and radiative nonlinear impact on magnetohydrodynamics Cross nanofluid: An approach toward controlling global warming
Authors: Darvesh Adil , Altamirano Gilder C. , Sánchez‐Chero Manuel , Zamora William R. M. , Campos Franklin G. , Sajid Tanveer , Ayub Assad
Published: December 2022

Solar energy is the basic source of renewable energy, and it is being used for controlling global pollution/warming. As the Cross nanofluid is very useful for cooling solar devices, in this paper analysis of the global warming effect is investigated by incorporating the nonlinear thermal radiation over the exponentially extendable surface because it plays a major role related to solar energy absorption of nanofluid. Furthermore, the mathematical modeling of Cross nanofluid involving magnetic effect and diffusion is discussed by using the fact of chemical reaction. Chemical reaction finds astonishing applications in pollution studies, chemical processing equipment, and polymer production. As a result of this study, it is noticed that more magnetized conducting fluid controls the motion of fluids for both cases of shear thinning and shear thickening. Brownian motion parameter Nb affects the rate of the random motion of nanoparticles. Increased Nb temperature also increases due to these random movements of nanoparticles. That is the reason why pollutant nanoparticles spread in air as a result of global warming increase.
Performance analysis of various denoising filters on intravascular ultrasound coronary artery images
Authors: Arora Priyanka , Singh Parminder , Girdhar Akshay , Vijayvergiya Rajesh
Published: December 2022

Accurate diagnosis of atherosclerotic coronary artery stenosis largely depends on intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) image quality. Coherent sources present during IVUS acquisition generates speckle noise and obstructs the clear view of the artery. Denoising aims to remove speckle noise while preserving edges and other important features. Accordingly, speckle noise suppression serves as an important preprocessing step for IVUS image analysis. This paper presents a performance analysis of various despeckling filters such as Median, Wiener, Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (SRAD) filter, Wavelet, Non‐local means (NLM) and curvelet based non‐local means (CNLM) for IVUS images. To evaluate the efficacy, each filter is evaluated for three categories of cross‐sectional IVUS images, that is, healthy, mild calcification, and dense calcification of real pullbacks from four patients. As it is challenging to denoise the IVUS images with complex lesions, that is, calcified arc >180°, in this performance analysis, the denoising performance for different denoising filters is considered not only for the healthy IVUS but also for complex lesions. Various measures such as peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), feature similarity index (FSIM), and expert evaluation are used to compare these approaches. The results depict that the CNLM denoising filter outperforms others in terms of PSNR and FSIM for speckle noise suppression for IVUS images while preserving the essential edge and feature details for better image visualization and diagnosis.
Apt and actionable possible identities matter: The case of academic outcomes
Authors: O'Donnell S. Casey , Oyserman Daphna
Published: December 2022

Introduction

We review the longitudinal evidence documenting that middle and high school students with school‐focused possible future identities subsequently attain better school outcomes. Consistent results across operationalizations of possible identities and academic outcomes imply that results are robust. However, variability in study designs means that the existing literature cannot explain the process from possible identity to academic outcomes. We draw on identity‐based motivation theory to address this gap. We predict that imagining a possible school‐focused future drives school engagement to the extent that students repeatedly experience their school‐focused future identities as apt (relevant) and actionable (linked to strategies they can use now).

Methods

We operationalize aptness as having pairs of positive and negative school‐focused possible identities (balance) and actionability as having a roadmap of concrete, linked strategies for school‐focused possible selves (plausibility). We use machine learning to capture features of possible identities that predict academic outcomes and network analyses to examine these features (training sample USA 47% female,Mage = 14, N1 = 602,N2 = 540. Test sample USA 55% female,Mage = 13,N = 247).

Results

We report regression analyses showing that balance, plausibility, and our machine algorithm predict better end‐of‐school‐year grades (grade point average). We use network analysis to show that our machine algorithm is associated with structural features of possible identities and balance and plausibility scores.

Conclusions

Our results support the inference that student academic outcomes are improved when students experience their school‐focused possible identities as apt and actionable.