bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating Pneumatic and Thermal Control in 3D Bioprinting for Improved Bio-Ink Handling
Authors: Woods Perrin , Smith Carter , Clark Scott , Habib Ahasan
Published: August 2024

The rapid advancement of 3D bioprinting has created a need for cost-effective and versatile 3D printers capable of handling bio-inks at various scales. This study introduces a novel framework for a specialized nozzle-holding device designed for an extrusion-based 3D bioprinter, specifically tailored to address the rigorous requirements of tissue engineering applications. The proposed system combines a pneumatically actuated plunger mechanism with an adaptive nozzle system, ensuring the safe inhibition and precise dispensing of bio-inks. Rigorous thermal management strategies are employed to maintain consistently low temperatures, thereby preserving bio-ink integrity without changing chemical stability. A key component of this design is a precision-milled aluminum block, which optimizes thermal characteristics while providing a protective barrier. Additionally, a 3D-printed extruder head bracket, fabricated using a high-precision resin printer, effectively mitigates potential thermal inconsistencies. The integration of these meticulously engineered components results in a modified extrusion-based 3D bioprinter with the potential to significantly advance tissue engineering methodologies. This study not only contributes to the advancement of bioprinting technology but also underscores the crucial role of innovative engineering in addressing tissue engineering challenges. The proposed bioprinter design lays a solid foundation for future research, aiming to develop more accurate, efficient, and reliable bioprinting solutions.
Energy-Efficient Hybrid Wireless Power Transfer Technique for Relay-Based IIoT Applications
Authors: Singh Vikash , Kumar Roshan , Mahapatra Byomakesh , Srinivasan Chrompet Ramesh
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces an innovative hybrid wireless power transfer (H-WPT) scheme tailored for IIoT networks employing multiple relay nodes. The scheme allows relay nodes to dynamically select their power source for energy harvesting based on real-time channel conditions. Our analysis evaluates outage probability within decode-and-forward (DF) relaying and adaptive power splitting (APS) frameworks, while also considering the energy used by relay nodes for ACK signaling. A notable feature of the H-WPT scheme is its decentralized operation, enabling relay nodes to independently choose the optimal relay and power source using instantaneous channel gain. This approach conserves significant energy otherwise wasted in centralized control methods, where extensive information exchange is required. This conservation is particularly beneficial for energy-constrained sensor networks, significantly extending their operational lifetime. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid approach significantly outperforms the traditional distance-based power source selection approach, without additional energy consumption or increased system complexity. The scheme’s efficient power management capabilities underscore its potential for practical applications in IIoT environments, where resource optimization is crucial.
Malignant Epithelioid Neoplasm versus Dedifferentiated Malignant Melanoma: A Case Report
Authors: Rosenberg Angela , Wei Chapman , Grabie Yisroel , Chain Stephanie , Thapa Sakura , Vatandoust Gita
Published: August 2024

The metastasis of poorly differentiated epithelioid carcinoma to the axillary node is uncommon. This tumor has heterogeneous expression and is challenging to diagnose with certainty. Often, it necessitates immunoperoxidase staining to ascertain the tumor lineage, and diagnosis is prolonged due to low suspicion. Herein, we present a case involving a 75-year-old male war veteran with a prior history of a gunshot wound complicated by colostomy that presented with an axillary mass, fecal and urinary incontinence, leg weakness, fevers, night sweats, and substantial weight loss. On admission, he had heightened leukocytosis (43K), anemia (hemoglobin 6.6), and thrombophilia (1000). This patient constantly picked at his back to remove recurrent “gun shrapnel” eruptions. An excisional biopsy of the axillary mass was performed for diagnosis and lymph node removal. Notably, after excision, there was marked improvement in the presenting symptoms. Diagnostic challenges arose due to the tumor cells’ inconsistent immunohistochemical marker expression. The staining patterns alluded to metastatic melanoma. Yet, the tumor displayed epithelial characteristics, supported by an immunophenotypic marker pattern indicative of poorly differentiated carcinoma. This case underscores the morphological and immunoperoxidase staining similarities between poorly differentiated carcinoma and dedifferentiated tumors of varying origins. It illustrates the intricate nature of these malignant metastatic tumors and their overlapping manifestations, which requires provider awareness. The timely diagnosis of poorly differentiated epithelial carcinoma remains paramount to early treatment and improved prognosis. Therefore, in patients manifesting with an axillary mass, fecal and urinary incontinence, and B-symptoms, poorly differentiated epithelial carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Formation Cooperative Intelligent Tactical Decision Making Based on Bayesian Network Model
Authors: Guo Junxiao , Zhang Jiandong , Wang Zihan , Liu Xiaoliang , Zhou Shixi , Shi Guoqing , Shi Zhuoyong
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a method based on a Bayesian network model to study the intelligent tactical decision making of formation coordination. For the problem of formation coordinated attack target allocation, a coordinated attack target allocation model based on the dominance matrix is constructed, and a threat degree assessment model is constructed by calculating the minimum interception time. For the problem of real-time updating of the battlefield situation in the formation confrontation simulation, real-time communication between the UAV formation on the battlefield is realized, improving the efficiency of communication and target allocation between formations on the battlefield. For the problem of UAV autonomous air combat decision making, on the basis of the analysis of the advantage function calculation of the air combat decision-making model and a Bayesian network model analysis, the network model’s nodes and states are determined, and the air combat decision-making model is constructed based on the Bayesian network. Our formation adopts the Bayesian algorithm strategy to fight against the blue side’s UAVs, and the formation defeats the blue UAVs through coordinated attack, which proves the reasonableness of coordinated target allocation. An evaluation function is established, and the comprehensive scores of our formation are compared with those of other algorithms, which proves the accuracy and intelligibility of the decision making of the Bayesian network.
The Successful Treatment of Multi-Resistant Colonized Burns with Large-Area Atmospheric Cold Plasma Therapy and Dermis Substitute Matrix—A Case Report
Authors: Milewski Moritz R. , Schlottmann Frederik , März Vincent , Dieck Thorben , Vogt Peter M.
Published: August 2024

The treatment of severe burn injuries, which occur particularly in the context of armed conflicts, is based on a multimodal treatment concept. In addition to complex intensive care therapy, the surgical reconstruction options of plastic surgery and typical antiseptic wound treatment are the main focuses. In recent years, atmospheric cold plasma therapy (ACPT) has also become established for topical, antiseptic wound treatment and for the optimization of re-epithelialization. This case report shows a successful treatment of extensive burn injuries using dermal skin substitute matrix and topical treatment with a large-area cold plasma device to control multi-resistant pathogen colonization. This case report illustrates the importance of ACPT in burn surgery. However, larger case series and randomized controlled trials in specialized centers are needed to assess its place in future clinical practice.
Insulin-Related Suicide Attempt in Non-Diabetic Pediatric Patient
Authors: Rzepczyk Szymon , Pytlińska Natalia , Słopień Agnieszka , Żaba Czesław
Published: August 2024

Insulin analogs are basic drugs that are widely used in the treatment of diabetes around the world. Suicides with their use are described as rare, occurring mainly in the population of diabetic patients due to their easy access to the drug and knowledge of its properties. Among non-diabetic people, insulin is used for suicidal purposes mainly by adults with medical education. A case of a 15-year-old girl found unconscious by her mother at night was described. The patient was immediately transported to the hospital, where she was diagnosed with her first severe hypoglycemic episode of unknown origin. Once conscious and in a better state, the patient admitted to having taken insulin, which she had stolen from her diabetic mother, for suicidal purposes. The patient had no history of mental illness or self-destructive behavior. The patient was referred to psychiatric care. Suicides and suicide attempts involving insulin are usually observed among people with chronic diabetes. Moreover, such attempts are made by adults who know the mechanism of action of the drug. In the pediatric group without diabetes, such cases are extremely rare. Additionally, the issue of similar behaviors becomes very important due to the increasing popularity and availability of insulin therapy and the possibilities of obtaining information about using it to commit suicide from the Internet. Particular vigilance is required in pediatric emergency departments when a patient is identified as having a first episode of severe hypoglycemia of unknown origin.
Innovative Approaches in Residential Solar Electricity: Forecasting and Fault Detection Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kalra Shruti , Beniwal Ruby , Singh Vinay , Beniwal Narendra Singh
Published: August 2024

Recent advancements in residential solar electricity have revolutionized sustainable development. This paper introduces a methodology leveraging machine learning to forecast solar panels’ power output based on weather and air pollution parameters, along with an automated model for fault detection. Innovations in high-efficiency solar panels and advanced energy storage systems ensure reliable electricity supply. Smart inverters and grid-tied systems enhance energy management. Government incentives and decreasing installation costs have increased solar power accessibility. The proposed methodology, utilizing machine learning techniques, achieved an R-squared value of 0.95 and a Mean Squared Error of 0.02 in forecasting solar panel power output, demonstrating high accuracy in predicting energy production under varying environmental conditions. By improving operational efficiency and anticipating power output, this approach not only reduces carbon footprints but also promotes energy independence, contributing to the global transition towards sustainability.
Transcriptional Profiling and Key Enzyme Activity of Epichloë sinensis Isolated from Festuca sinensis in Response to Na2SeO3
Authors: Zhou Lianyu , Liu Yu , Ma Yun , Qiao Feng , Xie Huichun , Luo Qiaoyu
Published: August 2024

Fungal endophytes exhibit symbiotic relationships with their host plants and convert inorganic selenium to organoselenium and Se0. In order to elucidate how Epichloë sinensis from Festuca sinensis adapts to different concentrations of sodium selenate, the dynamic changes of mycelial enzyme activities and metabolic changes at the transcriptional level were documented over a period of 36 h. The activity of enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, cysteine synthetase, and methionine synthesis) in mycelia increased in the presence of increased Se concentrations during the cultivation period. The strain with selenium enrichment showed differential changes in gene expression compared to the strain without selenium enrichment, with more changes observed at higher Se concentrations over time. Notably, genes related to ribosomes or ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes showed significant expression differences among certain groups, with up-regulation of genes involved in oxidoreductase activity, superoxide dismutase, and siderophore biosynthetic processes, and down-regulation of genes involved in steroid biosynthesis. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the transcriptional response of Epichloë sinensis to selenium.
Assessments of 12 Commercial Species Stocks in a Subtropical Upwelling Ecosystem Using the CMSY and BSM Methods
Authors: Chen Lin , Ju Peilong , Lu Zhenbin , Liang Cui , Chen Bin , Du Jianguo , Li Ping
Published: August 2024

Twelve commercial species exploited in the eastern Guangdong and southern Fujian waters were assessed using the Catch-Maximum Sustainable Yield (CMSY) and Bayesian Schaefer Model (BSM) methods. The carrying capacity (k), intrinsic rate of population growth (r), maximum sustainable yield (MSY), and relative biomass (Bend/k and B/BMSY) were estimated. The current stock status was defined by B/BMSY and fishing mortality (F/FMSY). The results indicate that seven stocks were overfished or below safe biological limits (B/BMSY < 0.5 or F/FMSY > 1), two stocks were in a recovery phase (0.5 < B/BMSY < 1, F/FMSY < 1), and three stocks were under sustainable fishing pressure with healthy biomass, capable of producing yields close to the MSY (B/BMSY > 1, F/FMSY < 1). The stock statuses are consistent with previous studies on the utilization of pelagic fisheries in the eastern Guangdong and southern Fujian waters and with those assessments in other waters. The results of the assessments suggest that these stocks could be expected to produce higher sustainable catches if permitted to rebuild; thus, more effective and proactive management is needed in this upwelling fishing ground.
Fractional Differential Equations with Impulsive Effects
Authors: Fečkan Michal , Danca Marius-F. , Chen Guanrong
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses impulsive effects on fractional differential equations. Two approaches are taken to obtain our results: either with fixed or changing lower limits in Caputo fractional derivatives. First, we derive an existence result for periodic solutions of fractional differential equations with periodically changing lower limits. Then, the impulsive effects are modeled for fractional differential equations regarding the nonlinearities rather than the initial value conditions. The proposed impulsive model differs from common discontinuous and nonsmooth dynamical systems.
Exploration of Genes Related to Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Xinjiang Brown Cattle
Authors: Gao Yu , Yang Liang , Yao Kangyu , Wang Yiran , Shao Wei , Yang Min , Zhang Xinyu , Wei Yong , Ren Wanping
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the differentially expressed genes associated with intramuscular fat deposition in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Xinjiang Brown Bulls. The longissimus dorsi muscles of 10 Xinjiang Brown Bulls were selected under the same feeding conditions. The intramuscular fat content of muscle samples was determined by the Soxhlet extraction method, for which 5 samples with high intramuscular fat content (HIMF group) and 5 samples with low intramuscular fat content (LIMF group) were selected. It was found that the intramuscular fat content of the HIMF group was 46.054% higher than that of the LIMF group. Muscle samples produced by paraffin sectioning were selected for morphological observation. It was found that the fat richness of the HIMF group was better than that of the LIMF group. Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to analyze the gene expression differences of longissimus dorsi muscle. Through in-depth analysis of the longissimus dorsi muscle by transcriptome sequencing technology, we screened a total of 165 differentially expressed genes. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes in the two groups were mainly clustered in biological pathways related to carbohydrate metabolic processes, redox processes and oxidoreductase activities. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly clustered in 15 metabolic pathways, which mainly covered fatty acid metabolism (related to lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism), the pentose phosphate pathway, the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and other important metabolic processes. The three genes that were predominantly enriched in the glycolipid metabolic pathway by analysis were SCD5, CPT1C and FBP2, all of which directly or indirectly affect intramuscular fat deposition. In summary, the present study investigated the differences in gene expression between high and low intramuscular fat content in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Xinjiang Brown Bulls by transcriptome sequencing technology and revealed the related signaling pathways. Therefore, we hypothesized that SCD5, CPT1C and FBP2 were the key genes responsible for the significant differences in intramuscular fat content of the longissimus dorsi muscles in a population of Xinjiang Brown Bulls. We expect that these findings will provide fundamental support for subsequent studies exploring key genes affecting fat deposition characteristics in Xinjiang Brown Bulls.
Antioxidant Enzyme, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Changes in Lily (Lilium spp.) Leaves Induced by Aphis gossypii Glover
Authors: Zhou Lihong , Wang Erli , Yang Yingdong , Yang Panpan , Xu Leifeng , Ming Jun
Published: August 2024

Cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) cause harm by feeding on phloem sap and spreading plant viruses to lily. Understanding the mechanisms by which aphids infest lily plants is crucial for effective aphid management and control. In this study, we investigated the activity of antioxidants, integrated nontargeted metabolomes and transcriptomes of lilies infested by cotton aphids to explore the changes in lily leaves. Overall, the results indicated that the catalase (CAT) activity in the leaves of the lily plants was greater than that in the leaves of the control plants. A comprehensive identification of 604 substances was conducted in the leaves. Furthermore, the differentially abundant metabolite analysis revealed the enrichment of phenylalanine metabolism and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Moreover, 3574 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), whose expression tended to increase, were linked to glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. In addition, the integrated analysis revealed that the defensive response of lily leaves to aphids is manifested through antioxidant reactions, phenylpropane and flavonoid biosynthesis, and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Finally, the key metabolites were CAT, glutathione, coumaric acid, and jasmonic acid, along with the key genes chalcone synthase (CHS), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (OPR). Accordingly, the findings of this research elucidate the molecular and metabolic reactions of A. gossypii in lily plants, offering valuable insights for developing aphid resistance strategies in lily farming.
Multimodal Analgesia Strategies for Cardiac Surgery: A Literature Review
Authors: Fernandes Rostand Moreira , Pontes João Paulo Jordão , Rezende Borges Celso Eduardo , de Brito Neto Demócrito Ribeiro , Pereira Anastácio de Jesus , Carvalho Vergílio Pereira , Gomes Lucas Gonçalves , Prado Silva Fernando Cássio do
Published: August 2024

In cardiac surgery, poststernotomy pain is a significant issue, peaking within 48 h and requiring proper analgesia for both acute relief and avoidance of chronicization. Opioids are commonly used for pain management postsurgery but pose risks such as adverse effects and dependency. Post-cardiac surgery pain can stem from various sources—somatic, visceral, and neuropathic—making opioid reliance a concern. Multimodal analgesia, which combines different medications and regional anesthesia techniques, is increasingly recommended to decrease opioid use and its related problems. Strategies include acetaminophen, gabapentinoids, NMDA antagonists, alpha-2 agonists, intravenous lidocaine, anti-inflammatory drugs, and regional anesthesia. These approaches can enhance pain control, reduce opioid reliance, and improve cardiac surgery outcomes. The ERAS® Cardiac Society strongly advocates for an opioid-sparing multimodal approach to improve patient recovery by reducing complications and increasing patient satisfaction. This review aims to consolidate current evidence to assist healthcare providers in customizing pain management for patients post-cardiac surgery, emphasizing reduced opioid use and optimizing the recovery process.
Optimizing Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) Cultivation: Effects of Different Manures on Plant Growth and Essential Oil Yield
Authors: Ghanbari-Odivi Askar , Fallah Sina , Carrubba Alessandra
Published: August 2024

Using animal manure in organic systems can improve the quality of agricultural products, especially medicinal plants. In this study, the impact of different types and levels of animal manures on hyssop plant biomass and essential oil yield and profile was assessed. Three supply levels (Low, Medium, and High) were tested for poultry (Np), sheep (Ns), and cattle (Nc) manures. Through GC-MS and GC-FID analysis, 24 chemical constituents were identified in the hyssop essential oil, accounting for 93.7–97.8% of the total composition. The Medium-Nc and High-Np treatments had essential oil content ranging from 0.98% to 1.45%, significantly different from the control treatment at 1.17%. Essential oil yield in Low-Np, Medium-Np, and High-Np was 47.5, 53.8, and 49.2 kg ha−1, respectively, showing increases of 42.5%, 61.6%, and 47.7% compared to the control. Medium-Nc and High-Nc treatments had the most potent antioxidant properties compared to the control. Different amounts of poultry, sheep, and cattle manures led to distinct differences in essential oil compounds, categorizing the manure treatments into three groups. Medium-Np had 44% more air-dried biomass than the control, while no significant difference was found in air-dried herbal product levels among sheep and cattle manures. Taken together, farmers focusing on biomass and essential oil should opt for Medium poultry manure. The pharmaceutical industry should explore other fertilizer options based on secondary metabolite needs.
Assessment of the Demographic Burden of Epidemics and Diseases within the African Sub-Region: A Review of Recent Epidemiological Data, Responses, and Resultant Psychosocial Risk Tendencies
Authors: Vidona Willy Barinem , Willy-Vidona Charity , David Lekpa Kingdom , Abia Bassey Monday , Paul John Nwolim , Eze Ukpai Agwu
Published: August 2024

Background: Over the past few decades, epidemic outbreaks and disease occurrences have become more frequent and widespread in Africa, posing challenges for poor countries in the region and impacting vulnerable populations. Limited resources, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, socioeconomic inequalities, malnutrition, mass gatherings, and lack of proper sanitation and hygiene contribute to Africa’s high burden of epidemics and infectious diseases such as cholera, measles, monkeypox, Ebola viral disease, and COVID-19. This paper reviewed epidemic outbreaks and diseases transmitted through intimate contact in Africa and their impacts on vulnerable populations. Methods: A narrative review approach was adopted to gather and analyze the relevant literature on epidemic outbreaks in African sub-regions. The review encompassed causes, transmission patterns, demographic impact, community susceptibility, preventive measures, and psychosocial risk-taking behaviors. Results: This study emphasizes the importance of addressing the causes of response lapses and the resulting human, material, and economic losses in the region. Effective preventive measures include disease surveillance, early mitigation strategies, contact tracing, personal protective measures, improved political and public health leadership, and socioeconomic equity. However, the review highlights challenges in implementing these measures effectively due to limited resources, delayed detection, and difficulties in scaling up response solutions. Conclusions: There is a need for a comprehensive approach involving health departments, infrastructure development, and addressing socioeconomic factors.
Leisure Screen Time and Food Consumption among Brazilian Adults
Authors: Martins Rayssa Cristina de Oliveira , Caldeira Thaís Cristina Marquezine , Soares Marcela Mello , Mais Laís Amaral , Claro Rafael Moreira
Published: August 2024

Background: Screen time, involving activities like watching television (TV), and using tablets, mobile phones, and computers (electronic devices), is associated with the consumption of unhealthy foods. This study aimed to analyze the association between prolonged leisure screen time and healthy and unhealthy food consumption indicators among Brazilian adults (≥18 years). Methods: Data from the National Health Survey (NHS), conducted in 2019 (n = 88,531), were used. Prolonged leisure screen time (screen time ≥ 3 h/day) was analyzed in three dimensions: watching TV; use of electronic devices; and total screen time (TV and electronic devices). Food consumption was analyzed in two dimensions: healthy (in natura and minimally processed foods) and unhealthy (ultra-processed foods). Poisson regression models were used to calculate prevalence ratios (crude and adjusted (PRa)) by sociodemographic factors (sex, age, schooling, income, area of residence, and race/color) and health factors (weight status, self-rated health, and presence of noncommunicable disease), to assess the association between prolonged screen time and food consumption indicators. Results: Among Brazilian adults, the prevalence of prolonged screen time was 21.8% for TV and 22.2% for other electronic devices for leisure. The highest frequency of watching TV for a prolonged time was observed among women, older adults, and those with a lower income and schooling. Prolonged use of electronic devices was more common among young adults and those with intermediate schooling and income. Prolonged screen time was associated with an unhealthy diet, due both to the higher consumption of unhealthy foods (PRa = 1.35 for TV, PRa = 1.21 for electronic devices, and PRa = 1.32 for both types) and the lower consumption of healthy foods (PRa = 0.88 for TV, PRa = 0.86 for electronic devices, and PRa = 0.86 for both). Conclusions: Prolonged screen time was negatively associated with the consumption of healthy foods and favored the consumption of unhealthy foods among Brazilian adults.
Exploring Risk Perception, Mental Health, Mental Fatigue, Stigma, and the Quality of Life among UAE Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aljawarneh Yousef M. , Ghader Nariman , Al-Bashaireh Ahmad M. , Dalky Heyam F. , Al-Omari Hasan , Alkouri Osama , Sanad Sarah R. , Mheiri Noor Al , Gopakumar Aji , AlShaya Sara , Blatch Gregory L. , Ghunaim Hana Y.
Published: August 2024

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has presented serious mental health challenges for healthcare professionals. This study investigated the mental health, mental fatigue, quality of life, and stigma of social discrimination among healthcare workers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A correlational, cross-sectional, multi-centric design was employed to collect data from 1383 healthcare workers across various healthcare settings. Participants were recruited using combined cluster and purposive sampling techniques. Standardized questionnaires, including the COVID-19 Pandemic Mental Health Questionnaire (CoPaQ), the Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS), the Social Discrimination Scale-Stigma Subscale (SDS), and the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF), were administered to assess the study variables. The results indicated significant mental health impacts, with high average scores for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (9.37 ± 6.74) and positive coping by inner strengths (17.63 ± 5.72). Mental fatigue was prevalent (8.15 ± 8.62), and stigma of social discrimination scored notably (23.83 ± 7.46). Quality of life was the highest in the social domain (65.38 ± 24.58). Significant correlations were observed between mental health subscales, mental fatigue, and quality of life domains. These findings highlight the critical need for targeted mental health support programs, improved social support networks, and personalized interventions to mitigate the mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers. Healthcare organizations can guarantee a resilient workforce that can handle future health crises by giving mental health resources and support systems top priority.
Temporal Trends in Patient Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of TAVR: Over a Decade of Practice
Authors: Karra Nour , Sharon Amir , Massalha Eias , Fefer Paul , Maor Elad , Guetta Victor , Ben-Zekry Sagit , Kuperstein Rafael , Matetzky Shlomi , Beigel Roy , Segev Amit , Barbash Israel M.
Published: August 2024

Background/Objective: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is indicated for severe aortic stenosis patients with a prohibitive surgical risk. However, its use has been expanding in recent years to include intermediate- and low-risk patients. Thus, registry data describing changes in patient characteristics and outcomes are needed. The aim of this study was to analyse the temporal changes in patient profiles and clinical outcomes of all-comer TAVR. Methods: Baseline characteristics and VARC-3 outcomes of 1632 consecutive patients undergoing TAVR between 2008 and 2021 were analysed. Results: The annual rate of TAVR increased from 30 procedures in 2008–2009 to 398 in 2020–2021. Over the follow-up period, patient age decreased from 85 ± 4 to 80 ± 6.8 (p < 0.001) and the STS score decreased from 5.9% to 2.8% (p < 0.001). Procedural characteristics significantly changed, representing a shift into a minimally invasive approach: adoption of local anaesthesia (none to 48%, p < 0.001) and preference of transfemoral access (74% in 2011–2012 vs. 94.5% in 2020–2021, p < 0.001). The rates of almost all procedural complications decreased, including major vascular and bleeding complications, acute kidney injury (AKI) and in-hospital heart failure. There was a striking decline in rates of complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) and the need for a permanent pacemaker (PPM). PPM rates, however, remain high (17.8%). Thirty-day and one-year mortality significantly declined to 1.8% and 8.3%, respectively. Multivariable analysis shows that AKI, bleeding and stroke are strong predictors of one-year mortality (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The TAVR procedure has changed dramatically during the last 14 years in terms of patient characteristics, procedural aspects and device maturity. These shifts have led to improved procedural safety, contributing to improved short- and long-term patient outcomes.
Task-Adaptive Angle Selection for Computed Tomography-Based Defect Detection
Authors: Wang Tianyuan , Florian Virginia , Schielein Richard , Kretzer Christian , Kasperl Stefan , Lucka Felix , van Leeuwen Tristan van
Published: August 2024

Sparse-angle X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) plays a vital role in industrial quality control but leads to an inherent trade-off between scan time and reconstruction quality. Adaptive angle selection strategies try to improve upon this based on the idea that the geometry of the object under investigation leads to an uneven distribution of the information content over the projection angles. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has emerged as an effective approach for adaptive angle selection in X-ray CT. While previous studies focused on optimizing generic image quality measures using a fixed number of angles, our work extends them by considering a specific downstream task, namely image-based defect detection, and introducing flexibility in the number of angles used. By leveraging prior knowledge about typical defect characteristics, our task-adaptive angle selection method, adaptable in terms of angle count, enables easy detection of defects in the reconstructed images.
Reduction in Ochratoxin A Occurrence in Coffee: From Good Practices to Biocontrol Agents
Authors: López-Rodríguez Claudia , Verheecke-Vaessen Carol , Strub Caroline , Fontana Angélique , Schorr-Galindo Sabine , Medina Angel
Published: August 2024

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by Aspergillus section Circumdati and section Nigri across the coffee chain. OTA is nephrotoxic and is a threat to human health. This review summarizes current knowledge on how to reduce OTA concentration in coffee from farm to cup. After a brief introduction to the OTA occurrence in coffee, current good management practices are introduced. The core of this review focuses on biocontrol and microbial decontamination by lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and fungi, and their associated enzymes currently reported in the literature. Special attention is given to publications closest to in vivo applications of biocontrol agents and microbial OTA adsorption or degradation agents. Finally, this review provides an opinion on which future techniques to promote within the coffee supply chain.
Antifungal Activity of Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus rotundus and Lippia alba Essential Oils against Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Peanut Seeds
Authors: Sabaly Safietou , Tine Yoro , Diallo Alioune , Faye Abdoulaye , Cisse Mouhamed , Ndiaye Abdoulaye , Sambou Cebastiana , Gaye Cheikhouna , Wele Alassane , Paolini Julien , Costa Jean , Kane Aboubacry , Ngom Saliou
Published: August 2024

Aspergillus flavus is a cosmopolitan saprophytic fungus that infests several foodstuffs and is associated with adverse effects in humans. In Senegal, significant losses of groundnut production are mainly due to contamination caused by this species. This study evaluated in vitro antifungal activities of Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus rotundus and Lippia alba essential oils against A. flavus isolated from peanut seeds. Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of rhizomes of the two Cyperus species and leaves of L. alba were analyzed with GC-DIF and GC-MS. The essential oil yields from C. articulatus, C. rotundus and L. alba were 1.1%, 1.3% and 1.7%, respectively. These three samples had the following chemotypes: (i) mustakone (21.4%)/eudesma-4(15)-7-dien-1β-ol (8.8%)/caryophyllene oxide (5.9%), (ii) caryophyllene oxide (25.2%)/humulene epoxyde 2 (35.0%) and (iii) geranial (46.6%)/neral (34.6%). The three oils tested inhibited the growth of A. flavus at concentrations between 100 and 1000 ppm. The L. alba oil was the most effective with total clearance of A. flavus on PDA. For the essential oils of C. rotundus (93.65%) and C. articulatus (78.11%), the highest inhibition rates were obtained with a 1000 ppm dose. Thus, L. alba oil could be used safely as an effective protector of groundnuts against A. flavus.
Long-Term Outcomes of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Aspergillus Colonization in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Chesshyre Emily , Warren Fiona C. , Shore Angela C. , Davies Jane C. , Armstrong-James Darius , Warris Adilia
Published: August 2024

Observational studies indicate that Aspergillus colonization and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) are associated with poorer lung health and increased disease severity. We performed a longitudinal observational cohort study to analyse long-term outcomes of Aspergillus colonization and ABPA in children with CF. Anonymised UK CF Registry data from 2009 to 2019 for patients aged 8–17 years in 2009–2010 were collected. For the baseline cohort analysis, patients were classified based on the presence of Aspergillus colonization and ABPA in 2009 and/or 2010. For the longitudinal analysis, patients were categorised according to annual Aspergillus colonization and ABPA status. Comparisons made were (1) Aspergillus positive vs. negative; (2) excluding those with ABPA: Aspergillus positive vs. negative; and (3) ABPA positive vs. negative. Primary outcome was percentage predicted FEV1 decline and secondary outcomes included BMI decline, mortality, lung transplant, and IV antibiotic use. Of the 1675 children, 263 had Aspergillus colonization in the baseline cohort, 260 were diagnosed with ABPA, and 80 had both. Baseline cohort analysis showed significantly lower lung function (p < 0.0001) and increased antibiotic treatment (p < 0.001) in those with Aspergillus colonization and in those with ABPA. Longitudinal analysis showed ABPA was associated with increased decline in lung function (p < 0.00001) and BMI (p < 0.00001). Aspergillus colonization was associated with increased decline in BMI (p = 0.005) but not lung function (p = 0.30). ABPA was associated with increased decline in long-term lung function and BMI in children and young people with CF. Aspergillus colonization was associated with lower lung function at baseline, but no increased rate of decline was observed long-term.
Economic Valuation of Nature’s Contributions in the Antarctic: Extension of the Nature’s Contributions to People Conceptual Framework
Authors: Pu Jinfang , Yan Jinming
Published: August 2024

The Antarctic region harbors abundant natural resources that constitute a common heritage site for humankind. However, given climate change and global resource scarcity, natural resource management has emerged as a pivotal issue in Antarctic governance. Assessing the value of natural resources is fundamental and crucial for ensuring their sustainable utilization and conservation. This study attempted to promote decision-makers’ understanding of the Antarctic using nature’s contribution to people (NCP) and provide an evaluation of the value of natural resources in the Antarctic, thereby contributing to sustainable global development. It developed a conceptual framework for evaluating natural resource values in the NCP, which includes scope delimitation, type identification, and value assessment. Economic value assessments were conducted for key NCPs in Antarctica. Based on existing biological, physical, and economic data, our initial estimates indicate that the economic value of the realized NCP is approximately 2.46 trillion CNY, with regulating NCP accounting for roughly 70% of the total value. If the potential NCP in the Antarctic were realized at foreseeable scientific and technological levels, the total economic value would reach approximately 105.62 trillion CNY. Regulating NCP accounted for most of the total value, but material NCP accounted for more than 20%. Overall, the development of natural resources and environmental protection are two sides of the same coin in the Antarctic, and there may be trade-offs between different NCPs. With increasing human activity, many NCP may be lost in the Antarctic region. This study develops a new perspective on the valuation of nature’s contributions to the Antarctic. The evaluation results can provide scientific evidence for decision-making and management of the development and utilization of natural resources in the Antarctic.
Randomized Controlled Trial: Does the Use of Occlusive Hydrocolloid Silver-Containing Wound Dressing after Sternotomy Reduce Surgical Site Infection after Cardiac Surgery?
Authors: Chaban Ryan , Dohle Kathrin , Ghazy Ahmed , Oberhoffer Martin , Vahl Christian-Friedrich , Treede Hendrik , Oezkur Mehmet
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: To reduce the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) following median sternotomy in cardiac surgery, we compared an occlusive hydrocolloid silver-containing wound dressing (OHSCWD) with a standard wound dressing. (2) Methods: This study was designed as a single-center randomized controlled trial. The primary endpoint was the overall rate of incidence of any kind of SSI. Secondary endpoints were the number of dressing changes, the severity of SSIs, and whether there was a need for treatment. Wounds were monitored daily until the seventh and on the 30th postoperative day. (3) Results: Of the 423 patients included, 352 were analyzed. No differences in demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, intraoperative processes, and postoperative care were found between both groups. Additionally, the incidence or extent of SSI showed no significant differences between the two groups. (4) Conclusions: In summary, out of all pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors, the contribution of postoperative wound care to the development of SSIs appears to play a subordinate role. However, by offering equivalent wound protection and a reduced number of dressing changes, OHSCWD after median sternotomy in cardiac surgery patients could be a good alternative to standard dressings from the point of view of the patient, the staff, and the clinic.
Multi-Modal Assessment of Cerebral Hemodynamics in Resuscitated Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients: A Case-Series
Authors: Lim Shir Lynn , Myint May Zin , Woo Kai Lee , Chee Elaine Young Heng , Hong Chiew Sie , Beqiri Erta , Smielewski Peter , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Sharma Vijay Kumar
Published: August 2024

We assessed the feasibility of concurrent monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics in adult, comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients admitted to the National University Heart Centre Singapore from October 2021 to August 2023. Patients underwent continuous near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring in the first 72 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and 30-min transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) monitoring at least once. With constant mechanical ventilatory settings and continuous electrocardiographic, pulse oximeter and end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring, blood pressure was manipulated via vasopressors and cerebral autoregulation assessed by measuring changes in regional cerebral oxygenation (NIRS) and cerebral blood flow velocities (TCD) in response to changes in mean arterial pressure. The primary outcome was neurological recovery at hospital discharge. Amongst the first 16 patients (median age 61, 94% males), we observed four unique patterns: preserved cerebral autoregulation, loss of cerebral autoregulation, cardio-cerebral asynchrony and cerebral circulatory arrest. Patients with preserved cerebral autoregulation had lower levels of neuro-injury biomarkers (neurofilaments light and heavy) and the majority (86%) were discharged with good neurological recovery. Multi-modal assessment of cerebral hemodynamics after OHCA is feasible and derived patterns correlated with neurological outcomes. The between- and within-patient heterogeneity in cerebral hemodynamics calls for more research on individualized treatment strategies.
Vaporisation Thermodynamics: Are Triazolium Ionic Liquids a Real Alternative to Popular Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids?
Authors: Verevkin Sergey P. , Zaitsau Dzmitry H.
Published: August 2024

New experimental vapour pressures and vaporisation enthalpies of the ionic liquids [2,4-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolium][NTf2], [2-methyl-4-ethyl-1,2,4-triazolium][NTf2], and [2-ethyl-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium][NTf2] were measured using the Langmuir method in combination with the quartz crystal microbalance. New experimental vapour pressures and vaporisation enthalpies of the molecular liquids 1H-1,2,4-triazole, 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 1-ethyl-1,2,4-triazole, and 1H-1,2,3-triazole were measured using the transpiration method. Structure–property relationships between molecular and ionic liquids were studied. These results will facilitate chemical engineering calculations of processes involving ILs.
Aggressive Surgical Management of Bilateral Metachronous Lung Metastases in Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma, a Case Report
Authors: Nicotra Samuele , Melan Luca , Busetto Alberto , Bonis Alessandro , Lione Luigi , Verzeletti Vincenzo , Pezzuto Federica , Dell’Amore Andrea , Calabrese Fiorella , Rea Federico
Published: August 2024

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) is a malignant primary hepatic cancer that affects mainly adolescents and young adults without underlying liver disease. Its biology remains unknown, but it is pathologically distinct from traditional HCC. Therapeutic strategies are not well defined and, as chemotherapies seem to have limited efficacy, surgical resection remains the only effective treatment. Here we report on a case of a metastatic FL-HCC in an 18-year-old man successfully treated with aggressive intra-thoracic bilateral lung metastasectomy following primary tumour resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Survival time after initial hepatectomy is 39 months, with no recurrence of disease to date. Aggressive surgical resection and redo surgery should be considered until more effective multimodality therapies are identified. Multidisciplinary team discussion and involvement of medical and surgical specialties are essential in managing these rare entities.
Strongly Fluorescent Blue-Emitting La2O3: Bi3+ Phosphor for Latent Fingerprint Detection
Authors: Douiri Hanen , Abid Marwa , Rzouga Haddada Lamia , Brini Layla , Toncelli Alessandra , Essoukri Ben Amara Najoua , Maalej Ramzi
Published: August 2024

Blue-emitting bismuth-doped lanthanum oxide (La2O3: Bi3+) with various concentrations of Bi was synthesized using the sol–gel combustion method and used for visualization of latent fingerprints (LFPs). An X-ray diffraction (XRD) study revealed the hexagonal structure of the phosphors and total incorporation of the bismuth in the La2O3 matrix. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study the morphology and the relative vibrations of the synthesized samples. Photoluminescence (PL) studies showed strong blue emission around 460 nm due to the 3P1 → 1S0 transition. Clear bright-blue fingerprint images were obtained with the powder dusting method on various surfaces like aluminum, compact discs, glass, wood and marble. A first evaluation of these images indicated a clear visualization of all three levels of details and a very high contrast ranging from 0.41 on marble to 0.90 on aluminum. As a further step, we used an algorithm for extracting fingerprint minutiae with which we succeeded in detecting all three levels of fingerprint details and even the most difficult ones, like open and closed pores. According to these analyses, La2O3: Bi phosphor is demonstrated to be an effective blue fluorescent powder for excellent visualization of latent fingerprints.