bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Road Trip with Strabo
Authors: Pothecary Sarah
Published: October 2015

A number of places that feature in Strabo’s description of the Asian peninsula were situated on the ancient road that ran between the Euphrates river and the city of Ephesus. It is likely that Strabo journeyed along the entire thousand-kilometre length of the road, even though he makes explicit reference to his presence in only a few locations. He most probably made the journey as a youth on his way to Roman Asia, in the south west of the peninsula, from Pontus in the north. Decades pass before Strabo, as an old man, writes theGeographyand includes in it the memories of places he had visited. The outdated tone of some of his descriptions reflects this passage of time.
A new species of the genus Neoverruca (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Verrucidea, Neoverrucidae) from a hydrothermal vent area in the Okinawa Trough
Authors: Sha Zhong-Li , Ren Xian-Qiu
Published: October 2015

A new species of the neoverrucid barnacle genusNeoverrucaNewman, 1989,N. intermediasp. nov., collected from a hydrothermal vent area in the Okinawa Trough, is described and illustrated. It differs fromN. brachylepadoformisNewman, 1989 by the apical end of the inner surface of the movable scutum being in a pocket-form, with a longitudinal groove upwards, and without median ridges; the adductor ridge (or myophore) of the fixed scutum stout and the inner distal part of the scutum without longitudinal ridge.
Body size distribution of free-living marine nematodes from a Caribbean coral reef
Authors: Armenteros Maickel , Ruiz-Abierno Alexei
Published: October 2015

Body size is a fundamental property of organisms but its distribution is almost unknown for marine nematodes. We measured the length and width of 7446 nematodes of 186 species to describe their morphological landscape and the relationship between abundance and body size. The body shape has a bimodal distribution with two morphotypes, suggesting adaptations to lifestyle. In fine sediments (seagrass bed), slender nematodes dominated, whereas sandy sediments had mostly stout nematodes but also slender forms. Seaweed turf from hard bottom substrates may favour mostly slender nematodes, whereas dead coral harbours both morphotypes, probably as a result of high heterogeneity of the substrate. The size spectra of abundance vs mass class shows a negative exponential relationship, suggesting that the energetic equivalence hypothesis holds for nematodes. The shape and position of the size spectra depended on the type of habitat. Body size is an important organismal trait that offers valuable information for disentangling ecological patterns in Nematoda.
Quantitative Methods in German Military History
Authors: Heinemann Winfried
Published: October 2015

Traditional historiography relies mostly on the analysis of written sources. Over the last years, historiography and military history have come to use quantitative methods of increasing complexity, allowing historians to use serial sources. The article presents four books and a published paper to illustrate this trend in modern historiography.
Critical Analysis and Alternative Explanations for Effects of Apnea on the Timing of Motor Representations
Authors: Alkan Neşe
Published: October 2015

This commentary is designed to provide an analysis of issues pertinent to the investigation of the effects of the temporary cessation of breathing (apnea), particularly during water immersion or diving, and its effects on time estimation in general and the timing of motor representation in particular. In addition, this analysis provides alternative explanations of certain unexpected findings reported by Di Rienzo et al. (2014) pertaining to apnea and interval timing. The perspective and guidance that this commentary provides on the relationship between apnea and time estimation is especially relevant considering the scarcity of experimental and clinical studies examining these variables.
Dimitry Uznadze (1886–1950)
Authors: Ketchuashvili † Georgy
Published: October 2015

Dmitry Nikolaevich Uznadze was a classic Georgian psychologist of the Soviet times, one of the most outstanding figures in Georgian cultural history during the first half of the twentieth century. His name is linked with the establishment of the renowned Georgian school of psychology. The original theory developed by him over half a century ago, the psychology of set (Einstellung in German; attitude in French) is an important achievement of modern psychological science. In the words of the psychologist N. O’Connor, “Soviet psychology is represented in the universal treasury of science by the names of Pavlov and Vygotsky and by the Georgian school of psychology that grew out of the work of Dmitry Uznadze.” This paper is an attempt at a systematic overview of Uznadze’s key concepts in their disciplinary contexts – pedagogic theory, aesthetics, psychology.
Cissus notabilis, a new name for extant Cissus spectabilis (Vitaceae)
Authors: Doweld Alexander Borisovitch
Published: October 2015

The creation of the International Fossil Plant Names Index (IFPNI, 2014 onwards) with the aim of listing of all fossil plant species reveals a few new cases of homonymy between fossil and extant species. The name Cissus spectabilis (Kurz) Planchon (1887: 1092), originally published as Vitis spectabilis Kurz (1874: 196), is an illegitimate later homonym of Cissus spectabilis Heer (1878: 45) (Art. 53.1 of the ICN, McNeill et al., 2012). C. spectabilis Heer is a fossil-species currently accepted (Kirchheimer 1939, Sosnowsky 1949, 1974, Kryshtofovich & Baikovskaja 1960), described from the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian) deposits of Sakhalin island (Far East, Russian Federation). Since the preoccupied extant species C. spectabilis (Kurz) Planch., a narrow Indian endemic restricted to Sikkim, Siliguri and neighboring localities of West Bengal, is also currently recognized as a valid species (The Plant List 2013 onwards; eFlora of India 2014 onwards) and it does not have any synonym, a nomen novum, C. notabilis, is here formally proposed as a replacement name.
An Extreme Annual Precipitation Anomaly in the Preradiosonde Era
Authors: Gutzler David S. , Sullivan Sharon M. , Kann Deirdre M.
Published: October 2015

The wettest year, by a huge margin, in the instrumental history for the state of New Mexico was 1941. The authors describe the extraordinary magnitude and persistence of above-average precipitation across the seasonal cycle during this year and consider possible climatic causes of this exceptional annual anomaly through examination of a wide variety of historical records and modern analysis tools. Indices of the Pacific decadal oscillation and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation were both extremely positive in 1941, consistent with the historical tendency for above-average precipitation across the southern United States under such conditions. However, the largest precipitation anomalies occurred in transition season months that do not fit the typical seasonality associated with strong ENSO- or PDO-related continental climate anomalies in the more recent historical record. The difficulty in attributing this extreme annual anomaly to any specific climatic cause is a reminder that the radiosonde era provides only a limited sample of natural climatic variability. The number and quality of data sources available for preradiosonde years allows for surprisingly in-depth observational analysis of early twentieth-century climatic anomalies.
The Faith of ‘Others’: A Biblical Possibility
Authors: O’Collins Gerald
Published: October 2015

Jacques Dupuis, Paul Griffiths, and other scholars investigate the salvation available for those of other religions rather than the question of the divine revelation to which they might respond with faith. Biblical usage illustrates how faith is a diversified reality, including faith as content ( fides quae) and as commitment ( fides qua). Faith, described in Hebrews 11:1–3 more theologically than christologically, is then exemplified not only by Abraham and his descendants but also by pre-Israelites (Abel, Enoch, and Noah) and by the ‘outsider’ Rahab, a prostitute. When we unpack Hebrews 11:6, we can see in detail what ‘pleasing God’ through faith entails—for Christians and others. While both groups share in varying degrees the obedience of faith ( fides qua), for the latter the content of faith ( fides quae) can match the lesser requirements of Hebrews 11:1–3.
ZO-1 and -2 Are Required for TRPV1-Modulated Paracellular Permeability
Authors: Li J. , Cong X. , Zhang Y. , Xiang R.L. , Mei M. , Yang N.Y. , Su Y.C. , Choi S. , Park K. , Zhang L.W. , Wu L.L. , Yu G.Y.
Published: October 2015

The tight junction–based paracellular pathway plays an important role in saliva secretion. Zonula occludens (ZO) proteins are submembranous proteins of tight junction complex; however, their function in salivary epithelium is poorly understood. Here, we found that activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) by capsaicin increased rat saliva secretion both in vivo and ex vivo. Meanwhile, TRPV1 activation enlarged the width of tight junctions between neighboring acinar cells, increased the paracellular ﬂux of 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran in submandibular gland (SMG) tissues, and decreased transepithelial electric resistance (TER) in SMG-C6 cells. ZO-1, -2, and -3 were distributed principally to the apical lateral region of acinar cells in SMG tissues and continuously encircled the peripheries of SMG-C6 cells in the untreated condition. TRPV1 activation obviously diminished ZO-1 and -2 staining, but not ZO-3 or β-catenin, at the cell-cell contacts ex vivo and in vitro. Moreover, in untreated SMG-C6 cells, ZO-1 and -2 single or double knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased the paracellular ﬂux of 4-kDa FITC-dextran. In capsaicin-treated cells, ZO-1 and -2 single or double knockdown abolished, whereas their re-expression restored, the capsaicin-induced increase in paracellular permeability. Furthermore, TRPV1 activation increased RhoA activity, and inhibition of either RhoA or Rho kinase (ROCK) abolished the capsaicin-induced TER decrease as well as ZO-1 and -2 redistribution. These results indicate that ZO-1 and -2 play crucial roles in both basal salivary epithelial barrier function and TRPV1-modulated paracellular transport. RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway is responsible for TRPV1-modulated paracellular permeability as well as ZO-1 and -2 redistribution.
Expanding cities and vehicle use in India: Differing impacts of built environment factors on scooter and car use in Mumbai
Authors: Shirgaokar Manish
Published: October 2015

Expanding urban populations are inducing development at the edges of Indian cities, given the constraints on land use intensification within municipal boundaries. Existing peripheral towns are becoming anchors for this new growth, creating urban agglomerations. Such areas have become preferred home locations for the working poor and emergent middle class, groups that are often priced out of the urban housing market. However, many such exurban locations lack infrastructure such as durable paved roads and transit, because investments are largely clustered within municipal boundaries. This paper focuses on the Greater Mumbai Region and relies on a cross-sectional household travel survey data set. The objective is to understand how vehicle use is linked to the built environment and socio-economics. Spatial analysis shows that cars are used in urban centres while scooters and motorcycles are used in the exurbs. Estimated censored regression models show that greater household distance from the main employment centre Nariman Point, better job accessibility and improved socio-economic factors increase vehicle use, while land use diversity and density bring down vehicle use. A key econometric result is that after controlling for location, land use, infrastructure supply and socio-economics, the expectation of a motorised two-wheeler or car in a household does not translate to its use. Overall, the findings suggest that policies encouraging higher land use diversity, density and transit supply have the potential to marginally decrease vehicle use in the Indian metropolis. However, future research needs to focus on residential location to better understand how the choices of where to live and how to travel are interconnected.
The Language of Press Advertising in the UK
Authors: Koteyko Irina
Published: October 2015

This exploratory study provides the first multi-dimensional (MD) analysis of textual variation in modern British press advertising, using Biber’s (1988) methodology. The 364 texts used in the study are systematically sampled to include both commercial advertisements sub-categorized by various types of goods and services, and non-commercial advertisements sponsored by charities and the government. Six dimensions of variation in advertising discourse are identified through a factor analysis, on the basis of linguistic co-occurrence patterns. In particular, several different mechanisms of persuasion are identified and compared. The proposed MD model is then applied to analyze gender-specific advertising strategies. Focusing on one product type, I show that advertisements targeting females tend to use elaborate product descriptions with a semi-scientific focus, while adverts aimed at males are characterized by a terse description dominated by disjunctive grammatical structure. Possible causes of the observed variation are critically discussed, and further research issues amenable to the proposed model are briefly outlined.
Improved square-root cubature information filter
Authors: Huang Yulong , Zhang Yonggang , Li Ning , Zhao Lin
Published: October 2015

In this paper, a theoretical comparison between existing the sigma-point information filter (SPIF) framework and the unscented information filter (UIF) framework is presented. It is shown that the SPIF framework is identical to the sigma-point Kalman filter (SPKF). However, the UIF framework is not identical to the classical SPKF due to the neglect of one-step prediction errors of measurements in the calculation of state estimation error covariance matrix. Thus SPIF framework is more reasonable as compared with UIF framework. According to the theoretical comparison, an improved cubature information filter (CIF) is derived based on the superior SPIF framework. Square-root CIF (SRCIF) is also developed to improve the numerical accuracy and stability of the proposed CIF. The proposed SRCIF is applied to a target tracking problem with large sampling interval and high turn rate, and its performance is compared with the existing SRCIF. The results show that the proposed SRCIF is more reliable and stable as compared with the existing SRCIF. Note that it is impractical for information filters in large-scale applications due to the enormous computational complexity of large-scale matrix inversion, and advanced techniques need to be further considered.
Crisis-related collective bargaining and its effects on different contractual groups of workers in German and Belgian workplaces
Authors: Doerflinger Nadja , Pulignano Valeria
Published: October 2015

This article investigates the effects of crisis-related collective bargaining on different contractual groups of workers. Comparing four workplaces of two multinationals in Germany and Belgium in the recent economic crisis, the authors observe that Belgian unions could protect some temporary workers’ jobs and when the crisis endured, the jobs and working conditions of the permanent workforces. In contrast, temporary jobs in the German workplaces were not protected and later on, the works councils had to concede on the permanent workers’ working conditions to safeguard their jobs. This is explained by the intersection of institutional and firm-level differences which interacted to offer (or not) resources to unions to enforce protection.
The use of modern information and communication technologies in smallholder agriculture
Authors: Krone Madlen , Dannenberg Peter , Nduru Gilbert
Published: October 2015

Through examining the example of commercial small-scale horticultural farmers in Mt. Kenya region and Mwanza region, this empirical study aims to provide an explanation for why different perspectives on the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the Global South exist. A mixed methods approach was used to show that ICT usage can lead to significant improvements, including access to simple and complex knowledge and the development of business linkages. However, the influence of ICT depends on the different ICT usage types and the capabilities of farmers to use them. This paper gives a differentiated view on factors influencing the effects of ICT on small-scale farming. It provides a typology of ICT that helps to explains some of the potential effects of ICT usage in the Global South. The results contribute to the current applied and conceptual debate on market access for smallholders and Information and Communication Technologies for Development.
Psychomotor effects, pharmacokinetics and safety of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant administered in combination with alcohol in healthy subjects
Authors: Sun Hong , Yee Ka Lai , Gill Sean , Liu Wen , Li Xiaodong , Panebianco Deborah , Mangin Eric , Morrison Dennis , McCrea Jacqueline , Wagner John A , Troyer Matthew D
Published: October 2015

A double-blind crossover study investigated psychomotor effects, pharmacokinetics, and safety of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant with and without alcohol. Healthy adults ( n=31) were randomized to receive placebo or suvorexant (40 mg) plus placebo solution or alcohol (0.7 g/kg) in each of four treatments (single doses; morning administration). The US Food and Drug Administration approved suvorexant dose is 10 mg (up to 20 mg) daily. Pharmacodynamic effects were assessed using tests of digit vigilance (DVT; primary endpoint), choice reaction time, digit symbol substitution, numeric working memory, immediate/delayed word recall, body sway and subjective alertness. Suvorexant alone did not significantly affect DVT reaction time, but did impact some pharmacodynamic tests. Suvorexant with alcohol increased reaction time versus either alone (mean difference at 2 h: 44 ms versus suvorexant, p<0.001; 24 ms, versus alcohol, p<0.05) and had additive negative effects on tests of vigilance, working/episodic memory, postural stability and alertness. No effects of suvorexant alone or with alcohol were observed by 9 h. No important changes in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed upon co-administration. All treatments were generally well tolerated without serious adverse events. In conclusion, co-administration of 40 mg suvorexant and 0.7 g/kg alcohol had additive negative psychomotor effects. Patients are advised not to consume alcohol with suvorexant.
Instructions for clinical and biomarker monitoring in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) for psychotropic drugs: Overview and applicability in clinical practice
Authors: Nederlof Mariëtte , Stoker Lennart J , Egberts Toine CG , Heerdink Eibert R
Published: October 2015

The Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) for psychotropic drugs includes instructions for clinical and biomarker monitoring intended to optimise effectiveness and minimise harm. The present study evaluated which monitoring instructions are given in the SmPCs, and assessed whether instructions are informative enough to be applicable in clinical practice. Monitoring instructions were collected from complete SmPCs for psychotropic drugs ( n=70). Reasons and requirements for monitoring were assessed and somatic parameters were distinguished from non-somatic parameters. Instructions were evaluated using the Systematic Information for Monitoring (SIM) score and considered applicable when a SIM score of ⩾3 was found. An average of 3.3 (range 0–13) instructions per drug label was found. Monitoring was primarily for safety reasons (78%). Requirement was predominantly mandatory (71%). Somatic parameters were most often mentioned (80%). Only 34% of the instructions were determined applicable. Overall, an average SIM score of 2.0 ( SD=1.7) was found (out of a maximum possible score of 6). In conclusion, prescribing of psychotropic drugs is accompanied by diverse instructions aimed at improving safe use. However, most instructions on monitoring do not provide sufficient information to be applicable in clinical practice.
The involvement of medial septum 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors on ACPA-induced memory consolidation deficit: Possible role of TRPC3, TRPC6 and TRPV2
Authors: Najar Farzaneh , Nasehi Mohammad , Haeri-Rohani Seyed-Ali , Zarrindast Mohammad-Reza
Published: October 2015

The present study evaluates the roles of serotonergic receptors of the medial septum on amnesia induced by arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA; as selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist) in adult male Wistar rats. Cannulae were implanted in the medial septum of the brain of the rats. The animals were trained in a passive avoidance learning apparatus, and were tested 24 hours after training for step-through latency. Results indicated that post-training medial septum administration of CP94253 (5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist) and cinancerine (as 5-HT2 receptor antagonist) reduced the step-through latency showing an amnesic response, while GR127935 (5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist) and αm5htm (as 5-HT2A/2B/2D receptor agonist) did not alter memory consolidation by themselves. On continuing the test, the results showed that CP94253 increased and GR127935 did not alter ACPA (0.02 µg/rat)-induced memory impairment, respectively. Other data indicated that αm5htm induced a modulatory effect, while cinancerine restored ACPA-induced amnesia. Using SKF-96365 (inhibitor of transient receptor potential TRPC3/6 and TRPV2 channels) demonstrated that TRPC3, TRPC3 and TRPV2 channels have a significant role, according to our results.
Genetic moderation of the effects of cannabis: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) affects the impact of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on working memory performance but not on the occurrence of psychotic experiences
Authors: Tunbridge Elizabeth M , Dunn Graham , Murray Robin M , Evans Nicole , Lister Rachel , Stumpenhorst Katharina , Harrison Paul J , Morrison Paul D , Freeman Daniel
Published: October 2015

Cannabis use can induce cognitive impairments and psychotic experiences. A functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene (Val158Met) appears to influence the immediate cognitive and psychotic effects of cannabis, or ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), its primary psychoactive ingredient. This study investigated the moderation of the impact of experimentally administered THC by COMT. Cognitive performance and psychotic experiences were studied in participants without a psychiatric diagnosis, using a between-subjects design (THC vs. placebo). The effect of COMT Val158Met genotype on the cognitive and psychotic effects of THC, administered intravenously in a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner to 78 participants who were vulnerable to paranoia, was examined. The results showed interactive effects of genotype and drug group (THC or placebo) on working memory, assayed using the Digit Span Backwards task. Specifically, THC impaired performance in COMT Val/Val, but not Met, carriers. In contrast, the effect of THC on psychotic experiences, measured using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) positive dimension, was unaffected by COMT genotype. This study is the largest to date examining the impact of COMT genotype on response to experimentally administered THC, and the first using a purely non-clinical cohort. The data suggest that COMT genotype moderates the cognitive, but not the psychotic, effects of acutely administered THC.
A fix in the forests: relief labor and the production of reforestation infrastructure in Depression-Era Canada
Authors: Ekers Michael
Published: October 2015

In the 1930s, the Canadian state sunk large sums of capital into forested landscapes in order to address a mounting and widespread unemployment crisis and the environmental legacy of industrial forestry practices. Unemployed men were enrolled into relief camps established at emerging Forest Experimentation Stations. These Stations reflected, and contributed to, a growing emphasis on reforestation and sustained-yield production. I argue that the use of relief labor in the development of forest research stations represented a socio-ecological fix to the broad crisis of the 1930s that sought to: (1) secure the conditions for renewed capital accumulation, (2) tackle the problem of unemployment, and (3) address the frayed legitimacy of the state and forestry sector. I build on debates on the formal and real subsumption of nature to consider the socio-ecological dimensions of David Harvey’s theorization of the “spatial fix.”
Tearing down the city to save it? ‘Back-door regionalism’ and the demolition coalition in Cleveland, Ohio
Authors: Rosenman Emily , Walker Samuel
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we explore what Cleveland, Ohio’s program of demolishing abandoned and foreclosed houses can teach us about the logics and politics of post-2007 austerity urbanism. We investigate the emergence of a local political coalition that has promoted demolition as a solution to the city’s housing crisis. In tracking how this political consensus is spatialized, we analyze how demolition both supports and complicates existing theories of austerity urbanism. We theorize demolition as a spatio-temporal fix, a locally negotiated response to the larger-scale political-economic limits imposed by neoliberal austerity. This fix occurs at both the neighborhood level, where demolitions clear land for future reinvestment, and at the regional level, where the increasingly more-than-urban nature of the US housing crisis allows demolitions to gain regional support among fragmented municipalities. In the seemingly paradoxical pursuit of demolition as a growth strategy, political actors in cities like Cleveland aggressively push to tear down the city in a desperate attempt to save it.
Quantifying solid waste and recycling employment in Florida, USA: Trends in public and private sectors
Authors: Park Sunjoo , Yi Hongtao , Feiock Richard C
Published: October 2015

Measuring and tracking the numbers of jobs in solid waste management and recycling industries over time provide basic data to inform decision makers about the important role played by this sector in a state or region’s ‘green economy’. This study estimates the number of people employed in the solid waste and recycling industry from 1989 through 2011 in the state of Florida (USA), applying a classification scheme based on the Standard Industrial Code (SIC) and utilizing the National Establishment Time Series (NETS) database. The results indicate that solid waste and recycling jobs in the private sector steadily increased from 1989 to 2011, whereas government employment for solid waste management fluctuated over the same period.
Updating of finite element model of aircraft structure according results of ground vibration test
Authors: Cecrdle Jiri
Published: October 2015

This paper deals with updating of the aircraft structure finite element (FE) model according ground vibration test (GVT) results. Paper describes possible approaches of flutter analysis as regards to the incorporation of GVT results including: (1) the direct usage of GVT results and (2) updating of analytical FE model. Then the theoretical background of the model updating methods including Bayesian parameter estimation and more generic optimization using powerful nonlinear gradient-based methods are given. Finally, the methodology of an aircraft structure FE model updating is described. The practical application of the procedure is documented on the EV-55M turboprop utility aircraft example. Selected results are shown, evaluated and the conclusions are formulated.
The interplay between relative sea-level rise and sediment supply at the distal part of the Nile littoral cell
Authors: Elyashiv Hadar , Bookman Revital , Zviely Dov , Avnaim-Katav Simona , Sandler Amir , Sivan Dorit
Published: October 2015

During Holocene sea-level rise, coastal areas became transitional environments as marine incursion covered the land. Changing conditions resulted in dynamic depositional environments that recorded the migration and stabilization of modern shorelines. These processes are viewed in the Zevulun Plain (Haifa Bay, Israel) record located in the northern edge of the Nile littoral cell. Sedimentological and palaeontological analyses combined with dating enabled the reconstruction of the Holocene chrono-stratigraphical frame. The results reveal an unconformity representing a long period of exposure and erosion during the last glacial. The interplay between relative sea-level rise and sediment supply was first set out by the deposition of alluvial sediments, evidence of the hydrological system reactivation and base level landward migration. Sea flooding of the Zevulun Plain started about 7.8 cal ka BP and the coastline was pushed eastward. Nile-driven sands transported by longshore currents formed dunes that blocked the rivers estuaries and led to wetlands formation. Peat accumulation is evident first in the north of the plain at 7.6–6.2 cal ka BP and later in the south at 6.5–5.5 cal ka BP. Both wetlands showed a change from fresh to brackish water environments at the end of their existence. Following the maximum sea-level rise and inland sea invasion at about 4 ka BP, alluvial sediments covered the plain and the coastline moved westward to its current position. This record serves as a model for the development of Mediterranean clastic coasts controlled by sea rise and infill processes.
Overdiagnosis in cancer screening: the need for a standardized denominator
Authors: Ripping Theodora M , Verbeek André LM , Broeders Mireille JM
Published: October 2015

It is widely accepted that overdiagnosis is a major harm of screening, but its extent is still topic of controversy. This is partly the result of incomparable overdiagnosis estimates in scientific literature, as a variety of denominators are used to calculate the percentage of overdiagnosis in cancer screening. We propose to use the following denominator to calculate the percentage of overdiagnosis: ‘all cancers detected during the screening period, both interval and screen-detected, in participants of a screening programme’. This denominator is more appropriate than existing denominators because it presents overdiagnosis as a real percentage, is unaffected by attendance percentages, is applicable to all observational study designs, and can be easily recalculated to absolute numbers. This denominator can be widely applied and increases comparability between overdiagnosis estimates, which is needed to correctly present the balance between the benefits and harms of screening.
Risk Factors for Fall-Related Injuries Leading to Hospitalization Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons
Authors: Ravindran Rekha M. , Kutty V. Raman
Published: October 2015

This study intended to identify the risk factors for injurious falls that led to hospitalization of older persons living in the community. A hospital-based unmatched incident case-control study was done among 251 cases and 250 controls admitted at a tertiary care centre in Kerala. Mean age of cases was 71.6 ± 9.13 years and that of controls was 67.02 ± 6.17 years. Hip fractures were the predominant injury following falls. Falls were mostly a result of intrinsic causes. After adjusting for other variabes, the risk factors for all injuries were age above 70 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.46-3.46), previous fall history (OR = 2.76; 95% CI = 1.08-7.08), impaired vision (OR = 4.49; 95% CI = 2.77-7.30), not living with spouse (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.31-2.97), door thresholds (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.01-2.29), and slippery floor (OR = 2.37; 95% CI = 1.31-4.32). The risk factors for hip fractures and other injuries were identified separately. Fall prevention strategies among older persons are warranted in Kerala.
Psychopathy and Criminogenic Thinking in Adult Male Prisoners
Authors: Mandracchia Jon T. , Gonzalez Rose A. , Patterson Katherine L. , Smith Phillip N.
Published: October 2015

Crime persists in plaguing society, with most crimes committed by repeat offenders. This causes an increase in the incarcerated population and strains correctional systems. Understanding why individuals who have been incarcerated continue to recidivate remains an important focus for investigation. Psychopathic personality traits and criminogenic thinking have both been shown to predict recidivism. However, there is currently little research that focuses on the relationship between these two risk factors, and no prior research has examined this relationship specifically among incarcerated offenders. To address this gap, the present study examined psychopathy and criminogenic thinking among 399 adult males incarcerated in the Mississippi Department of Corrections. Results indicated that after controlling for demographic variables, increased primary and secondary psychopathy significantly predicted increased overall and particular subtypes of criminogenic thinking. Implications for addressing psychopathic personality characteristics and criminogenic thinking conjointly in prison-based treatment programming to reduce recidivism are discussed.
From Extraction to Renewal
Authors: Wang Jennifer S. , Euripidou Rico , Armstrong Fiona , Jensen Génon K. , Karliner Josh , Guinto Renzo R. , Zhao Ang , Narayanan Divya , Orris Peter
Published: October 2015

A global movement is emerging in the health sector to engage in discourse and advocacy on the health impacts and health costs of energy choices—specifically the health harms of extractive, climate-disrupting energy sources such as coal and gas. Individuals and organizations in the health sector have begun to address climate and energy issues at multiple levels of engagement, including with others in the health sector, with pollution-affected communities, with policy makers, and with the media. We present recent examples of health sector advocacy and leadership on the health impacts of energy choices and opportunities for broadening and deepening the movement.
Buckling and vibrations of two-directional functionally graded circular plates subjected to hydrostatic in-plane force
Authors: Lal Roshan , Ahlawat Neha
Published: October 2015

Analysis and numerical results for the axisymmetric vibrations of two-directional functionally graded circular plates under the action of an in-plane force have been presented on the basis of classical theory of plates. The mechanical properties of the plate material are assumed to vary in both radial and transverse directions. Generalized differential quadrature method has been employed to obtain the frequency equations from the differential equation governing the motion of such simply supported and clamped plates. The lowest three roots of these frequency equations have been reported as the first three modes of vibration. The effect of volume fraction index, in-plane force parameter, heterogeneity parameter and density parameter has been studied on the natural frequencies of vibration. By allowing the frequencies to approach zero, the critical buckling loads for both the plates have been computed. Three-dimensional (3D) mode shapes for specified plate have been plotted. A comparison of results has been presented.
Executive Functions in Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Brady Danielle I. , Saklofske Donald H. , Schwean Vicki L. , Montgomery Janine M. , Thorne Keoma J. , McCrimmon Adam W.
Published: October 2015

Researchers have proposed that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized, at least in part, by executive function (EF) difficulties associated with the integrity of the frontal lobe. Given the paucity of research regarding EFs in young adults with high functioning ASD (HF-ASD), this research involves an examination of various indices of EF related to inhibition, planning, and generativity. Results indicate that although young adults with HF-ASD as a group met normative expectations on all measures of EF, they also exhibited considerable individual variability relative to their age- and sex-matched typically developing peers. These findings have important research and clinical implications, including the need to carefully consider the impact of the research comparison group, and to recognize individual variability in executive functioning among young adults with HF-ASD.
Transnational organizing: Issue professionals in environmental sustainability networks
Authors: Henriksen Lasse Folke , Seabrooke Leonard
Published: October 2015

An ongoing question for institutional theory is how organizing occurs transnationally, where institution building occurs in a highly ambiguous environment. This article suggests that at the core of transnational organizing is competition and coordination within professional and organizational networks over who controls issues. Transnational issues are commonly organized through professional battles over how issues are treated and what tasks are involved. These professional struggles are often more important than what organization has a formal mandate over an issue. We highlight how ‘issue professionals’ operate in two-level professional and organizational networks to control issues. This two-level network provides the context for action in which professionals do their institutional work. The two-level network carries information about professional incentives and also norms about how issues should be treated and governed by organizations. Using network and career sequences methods, we provide a case of transnational organizing through professionals who attempt issue control and network management on transnational environmental sustainability certification. The article questions how transnational organizing happens, and how we can best identify attempts at issue control.
Museum activities in dementia care: Using visual analog scales to measure subjective wellbeing
Authors: Johnson Joana , Culverwell Alison , Hulbert Sabina , Robertson Mitch , Camic Paul M
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Previous research has shown that people with dementia and caregivers derive wellbeing-related benefits from viewing art in a group, and that facilitated museum object handling is effective in increasing subjective wellbeing for people with a range of health conditions. The present study quantitatively compared the impact of two museum-based activities and a social activity on the subjective wellbeing of people with dementia and their caregivers.

Methods

A quasi-experimental crossover design was used. People with early to middle stage dementia and caregivers ( N = 66) participated in museum object handling, a refreshment break, and art viewing in small groups. Visual analog scales were used to rate subjective wellbeing pre and post each activity.

Results

Mixed-design analysis of variances indicated wellbeing significantly increased during the session, irrespective of the order in which the activities were presented. Wellbeing significantly increased from object handling and art viewing for those with dementia and caregivers across pooled orders, but did not in the social activity of a refreshment break. An end-of-intervention questionnaire indicated that experiences of the session were positive.

Conclusion

Results provide a rationale for considering museum activities as part of a broader psychosocial, relational approach to dementia care and support the use of easy to administer visual analog scales as a quantitative outcome measure. Further partnership working is also supported between museums and healthcare professionals in the development of nonclinical, community-based programs for this population.
Trust Me, I Believe in God
Authors: Clifford Scott , Gaskins Ben
Published: October 2015

Religion plays a prominent role in American politics, and candidates often attempt to display their religiousness in a variety of ways. For example, in spite of the association between conservatism and religion, research shows that candidates of both parties routinely use religious language and seek to demonstrate personal religiousness. Existing research portrays religious rhetoric primarily as an ideological cue, failing to explain why Democrats would make religious appeals. Drawing on psychological theories of prejudice toward atheists, we argue that candidates emphasize their religiousness in order to enhance perceptions of their trustworthiness and morality. Using survey data, we show that voters are quite unlikely to support an atheist candidate, an effect that is strongly driven by the perception of atheists’ morality. Next, we show evidence that voters perceiving Hillary Clinton as religious also viewed her as more trustworthy, and were more likely to view her favorably. Finally, we show experimentally that religious candidates are perceived as more trustworthy, at least among a wide swath of the electorate. We conclude that displays of religiousness likely serve not only an ideological purpose but also the broader goal of increasing perceived candidate trustworthiness.
Do Women Have Worse Amputation-Free Survival Than Men Following Endovascular Procedures for Peripheral Arterial Disease? An Evaluation of the California State-Wide Database
Authors: Hedayati Nasim , Brunson Ann , Li Chin-Shang , Baker Aaron C. , Pevec William C. , White Richard H. , Romano Patrick S.
Published: October 2015

Objectives:

Female gender has been shown to negatively affect the outcomes of surgical bypass for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We examined gender-related disparities in outcomes of endovascular PAD procedures in a large population-based study.

Methods:

We used discharge data from California hospitals to identify patients who had PAD interventions during 2005 to 2009. Logistic regression was used for 12-month reintervention, and Cox proportional hazard regression was used for amputation-free survival comparisons.

Results:

A total of 25 635 patients had endovascular procedures (11 389 [44.4%] women). Women were more likely than men (34.5% vs 30.1%, P < .0001) to have critical limb ischemia (CLI). Twelve-month reintervention rate in women was similar to men. Amputation-free survival was better among women than men (hazard ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-0.93, P = .0006).

Conclusion:

Despite presenting more frequently with CLI, women had better amputation-free survival than men following endovascular procedures. Future research should determine whether findings favor one type of PAD treatment modality over another for women.
Dialectical Pluralism
Authors: Johnson R. Burke
Published: October 2015

There has been much debate about the role of paradigms in mixed methods research. In the face of past calls for each researcher to operate within a single paradigm, it turns out that some researchers/practitioners find many positive features in more than one paradigm. This “multiparadigmatic perspective” used in mixed methods research needs a systematic framework for the practice of engaging in difference. Also, individuals committed to a single paradigm need a philosophical/theoretical framework for working in multiparadigmatic teams. This article provides such a framework. It is a metaparadigm, and it is labeled dialectical pluralism 2.0 or more simply dialectical pluralism. The word “pluralism” refers to the acceptance and expectancy of difference in virtually every realm of inquiry, including reality, and the age-old word “dialectical” refers to the operative process which is both dialectical and dialogical. Dialectical pluralism provides a way for researchers, practitioners, clients, policy makers, and other stakeholders to work together and produce new workable “wholes” while, concurrently, thriving on differences and intellectual tensions.
The Realist Survey: How Respondents’ Voices Can Be Used to Test and Revise Correlational Models
Authors: Schoonenboom Judith
Published: October 2015

This article introduces the realist survey, an extension of the realistic interview. In a realistic interview, the researcher adapts his or her own theory in response to comments by interviewees, explaining the extent to which the theory applies or does not apply to themselves. The realist survey expands the reach of the realistic interview by including application to generally accepted theories, and it enhances the generalizability of its outcomes through the use of quantitative survey data. As a result, this extended realist interview/survey is a tool that can be used by researchers in widely varying contexts. A realist survey on the effects of the often replicated technology acceptance model shows that the original model is not the best realist fit.
Clinical outcome after surgical and endovascular treatment of symptomatic persistent sciatic artery with review of the literature and reporting of three cases
Authors: Ahmad Wael , Majd Payman , Luebke Thomas , Gawenda Michael , Brunkwall Jan Sigge
Published: October 2015

A persistent sciatic artery is a very rare vascular anomaly with an estimated incidence of 0.025–0.06% and with less than 200 described cases in the literature. During early embryonic development, the sciatic artery delivers the major blood supply to the lower limb and usually disappears when the superficial femoral artery has developed properly. The usual form of presentation in adults is the aneurysmal degeneration of the sciatic artery or less frequently with another complication (thrombosis, embolism, neuralgia). We describe three cases of a complete sciatic artery (two cases are bilateral and one is unilateral) associated with lower limb ischemia caused by embolism from the aneurysmal degeneration of the sciatic artery at the buttock level in two cases and atherosclerotic degeneration of the lower limb arteries in the third case. We also describe two combined therapy methods consisted of limb revascularization with vein-graft bypass and endovascular embolization of the aneurysm with vascular plug in the first case, in the second case combination of localized thrombolysis therapy followed by a bypass and an ilio-pedal vein bypass in the third one. And we discuss later the reported clinical outcome after surgical and endovascular treatment of this anomaly in the literature.
Timing of oral refeeding in acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Horibe Masayasu , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Suzuki Hidekazu , Minami Kazuhiro , Yahagi Naohisa , Iwasaki Eisuke , Kanai Takanori
Published: October 2015

Background and aim

The optimal timing of oral refeeding in acute pancreatitis is unclear. This study aimed to perform a systematic review with meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared early oral refeeding with standard oral refeeding in acute pancreatitis.

Methods

PubMed, the Cochrane library, and the Igaku‐Chuo‐Zasshi database were searched in order to identify RCTs eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. The weighted mean differences (WMDs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

Five eligible RCTs were included. Compared with standard oral refeeding, early oral refeeding significantly decreased the length of hospital stay (WMD: −2.22, 95%CI: −3.37 to −1.08, p  = 0.0001). Although there was heterogeneity (I 2  = 56%, p  = 0.06), subgroup analysis of the refeeding criteria (immediate group and hungry group) eliminated the heterogeneity. There was no significant difference between the early refeeding group and standard refeeding groups with respect abdominal pain and distension (OR 1.14; 95%CI 0.65–1.99 and OR 1.53; 95%CI 0.81–2.90).

Conclusions

Compared with standard oral refeeding, early oral refeeding safely reduced the length of hospital stay in patients with acute pancreatitis.