bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metaphor in Spanish L2 and Heritage Language Learners’ Speech: How Does it Compare?
Authors: Tocaimaza-Hatch Cecilia
Published: December 2019

One way in which language practitioners and researchers have furthered our understanding of heritage language learners’ linguistic abilities has been to compare them to L2 learners. The current study implemented this modality and examined metaphoric competence. This is one area in learners’ overall linguistic competence that provides them with access to the concepts and models of the language community and facilitates mediation during communitive tasks (Lantolf, 1999). Participants (n=16) in this study were heritage language learners and L2 learners enrolled in an advanced conversation class in Spanish. They completed an oral portfolio assignment which consisted of regularly engaging in conversation with a Spanish native speaker and recording their interactions. The analysis of their unscripted conversations included the identification of metaphoric samples and the calculation of metaphoric density. Findings revealed that learners produced what were termed true metaphors (original constructions), light metaphors (metaphoric constructions that are already established in the language), and transfer metaphors (constructions resulting from contact with the English language). Comparisons between L2 learners and heritage language learners did not reveal significant differences, which suggests that in the area of metaphoric competence these learners are more similar than not.
Primary health care physicians and their knowledge and practice on brucellosis; its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alnahari Fahad , Albalawi Alhanof , Althwaiqub Amro , Ghzwi Afnan , Alshawairkh Suliman , Aljudaie Atheer , Alharbi Haifa , Alghamdi Mohammed
Published: December 2019

Background: Brucella is a type of bacteria that causes brucellosis which is a zoonotic disease. Studies in Saudi Arabia reported variation among incident reports and interventions suggesting increased awareness of the disease among medical professionals to decrease the prevalence rate. The current study aims to assess knowledge and practice among primary healthcare physicians on brucellosis. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among primary healthcare physicians from June 2019 to August 2019 using a self-administrated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 21. Number and percent were used for representing categorical variables, whereas mean and standard deviation (SD) were used for numerical variables. T-test was used to compare independent quantitative variables. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find a positive and negative association. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 150 physicians were enrolled in the study, the mean age ± SD of the total subjects was found to be 36.2 ± 5.8. Among them, males represented more than half of the total subjects (60%), and Saudi nationals represented more than half of the physicians (66.6%). Furthermore, 55% of them had high knowledge about brucellosis, the level of knowledge was positively associated with years of experience
(p = 0.002, r = 0.6), whereas practice was associated positively with age (p = 0.01, r = 0.5) and years of
experience (p = 0.05, r = 0.2), respectively. Conclusion: The knowledge about brucellosis was found high among the low percent of physicians. The majority of physicians weren\'t well informed about it. The current study warrants awareness and training for physicians on brucellosis management and treatment.
Anemia and Dietary Behaviors among Young Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alayoubi Fakhr M. , Rashrash Mohamed , Alsharawy Yasmin , Alayoubi Samha , Alayoubi Wed A. , Alnumair Nouf , Owaidah Tareq
Published: December 2019

Objective: The study sought to assess the prevalence and the risk factors associated with anemia among male and female young adults in (Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Saud University and Alfaisal University in September 2016 among young adults aged 18 to 28 years old. Data were collected using an interview questionnaire. Additionally, the respondents were evaluated clinically and via laboratory testing for anemia.

Results: Our study population showed a higher percentage of men as compared to women participants. About half of our study sample had a lightly active lifestyle, and more than one-third of the study participants were overweight (34.7%). The average age of the respondents was 22.08 ± 1.98 years. The only factor significantly associated with anemia was gender, in that female gender showed a positive association with anemia.

Conclusion:  The most explicit risk factor for anemia among Saudi individuals of college and young professional ages was the female gender. Dietary lifestyle, heavy menstruation, pregnancy, and intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were additional important risk factors among these individuals, but they were statistically not significant.

 

Article Type: Original Research
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN JENIS DAN FREKUENSI MENGKONSUMSI JAJANAN KARIOGENIK DENGAN KEJADIAN RAMPAN KARIES PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Febrian Febrian , Rasyid Rosfita , Noviantika Ditha
Published: December 2019

Caries is the main problem of oral health. Caries are frequently found in children are milk bottle caries and caries Rampan. Cariogenic food consumption is a Rampant caries etiology. This study was to determine the relationship of type and frequency to consume cariogenic snacks with the case of caries Rampant in children age 5 -6 years.The research method used is analytic observational study design with a cross sectional study, samples were taken purposive methode with total sampling technique and using the chisquare statistical test. Subjects were pre-school age children from 3 unit Pre-school in Padang.There is a significant relationship between the type of consumption of cariogenic snacks with caries Rampant (p=0,005), There is a significant relationship between frequency of consumption of cariogenic snacks with caries Rampant (p=0,000).It is suggested to parents to control and monitor the type and frequency of consumption of cariogenic snacks in children.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DOKTER GIGI TENTANG REKAM MEDIK GIGI
Authors: Murniwati Murniwati , Machmud Rizanda , Rahmasari Suci
Published: December 2019

Dental records must comply with National Standard of Dentistry, Medical Record must contain data that identity of the patient, patient's general condition, odontogram, dental care data and the name and signature of the dentist and dental records are more important filled completely. This study aim to know the knowledge of all dentists in Padang to dentall record. The design of this study is Descriptive. The populations in this study were all dentists who working in health centers and hospitals of Padang. The sampling technique is Total Sampling and data collection through questionnaires and observation of dental records. The results showed that the rate of the level of knowledge about the importance of dentall record low according to national standards where knowledge about medikolegal aspects is the subject to a level of knowledge is low, reaching only 4.2%. Knowledge of dentists about the medical records dental national standards is low because of the lock of socialization and conducted a related-party factor. It could be need to socialization and provide the policy of dental record based on national standard for all dentists.
RESTORASI PASAK FIBER DAN PORCELAIN FUSED TO METAL PADA FRAKTUR GIGI INSISIF RAHANG ATAS PASCA PERAWATAN ENDODONTIK
Authors: Mona Deli , Sukartini Endang
Published: December 2019

Teeth with is treated with endodontic treatment has own problems, tends to be weaker because of dentin removal and reduced moisture content, so, requires post and crown restoration treatment. The principle of making restoration should be to restore function, esthetic, and to distribute chewing load, so, both teeth and its crown can be used in a long time in oral cavity. This case report described about 23-year-old female patient with a history of truma motor vehicle accident. Tooth 11,12,21 was fractured 2/3 crown with pulp exposed. The diagnosis which estabilished for this case is irreversible pulpitis and the treatment planning are one visit root canal treatment, post and fiber insertion and porcelain fused to metal restoration. On the first visit, acces preparation with crown down technique was done and rootcanals filled with gutta percha and sealer AH 26 with lateral condensation technique. Fiber post was insertion in next visit and cementation with dual-cured resin. Core was made in resin composite and porcelain fused to metal was inserted after control of patient condition in 1 week. One of those methods that used in this case is prefabricated glass fiber post, because of its biocompatibility, more aesthetic, has a modulus of elasticity which is resemble with dentine. Pressure that its transmitted by post to dentin is low, so, this is minimize a root fractured. The result of this treatment and the restoration was good, there were no patient complaints, and normal gingival seemed around the teeth. Restoration post endodontic treatment can be done with several techniques, one is post and porcelain fused to metal to produce a good restoration.
MOTIVASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MEMELIHARA DAN MEMPERTAHANKAN GIGI
Authors: Lendrawati Lendrawati
Published: December 2019

Motivation is a fundamental impulse that drives a person to behave in undertaking activities that are expected. Motivation as a concept that is used when the self emerged a desire and drive or direct behavior. The higher the intensity the higher the motivation of behavior.

Maintaining a fixed gear means an action to prevent tooth decay, dental care for the sick and restoring damaged teeth and abnormalities of the hard and soft tissues to restore tooth form and function, aesthetic value and protection of the supporting tissues of the teeth and maintaining teeth as long as possible in the oral cavity.

Knowledge of dental disease is important to know how to maintain healthy teeth to increase the motivation to maintain one's teeth Knowledge gained will form the attitude is a predisposition for sustaining behavior teeth.
GAMBARAN TINGKAT KESEHATAN GIGI ANAK USIA DINI BERDASARKAN INDEKS def-t PADA SISWA PAUD KELURAHAN JATI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Fitriana Aida , Kasuma Nila
Published: December 2019

Dental caries is the most common problem in the world. Tooth and oral diseases are most common lessions in Indonesian society (60%). The purpose of this study was to find out the index of def-t PAUD students of Kelurahan Jati Padang city which is can be use to guide planning, actuating, controlling and evaluating dental health programme by Dentistry Faculty of Andalas University. The research has been used descriptive methode and used total sampling. Samples consist for def-t index was 13 girls and 20 boys and categorized based on WHO caries categorize. The result has been shown that def-t index PAUD studentsi is 5,18. The summarized from this research have been shown that def-t PAUD students in highly categorized.
RELATION OF INCIDENT NURSING BOTTLE CARIES 3-5 YEARS OLD CHILDREN WITH MOTHER’S BEHAVIOR WHO GIVE BOTTLE FEEDING OF MILK WITH
Authors: Pratiwi Berlian , Febrian Febrian
Published: December 2019

The study aim to find the relation of mother’s behavior who giving bottle feeding with Nursing Bottle Caries in 3-5 years old children. The design of this study was cross-sectional analytic with subjects were 78 children from 3 to 5 years old with her mother in Padang Timur. Data collection was done by dental examination on children and interviewing with their mother. The result showed that 88,64 percent children 3 to 5 years old was got Nursing Bottle Caries. The Chi-Square test showed there is no relation between mothers’s knowledge with Nursing Bottle Caries (p>0,05) and there is relation between mother’s attitude and action with Nursing Bottle Caries (p<0,05).
PENGGUNAAN ANALISIS PONT PADA POPULASI MAHASISWA SUKU MINANG DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS
Authors: Syafitri Maya , Murniwati Murniwati
Published: December 2019

Dental cast analysis is one of the important thing in orthodontic treatments. One of the dental cast analysis which is usually used is Pont analysis, proposed in 1909. Pont did his research to a population in French which is Caucasian and stated that his theory needs to be tested to another ethnics to verify the applicability of Pont analysis to that population. On each race, there are some specific physical characteristics such as the form and width of dentition and dental arch. Minang population are Mongolian who has the different characteristics of dentition and dental arch with the Caucasians.The aim of this study is to identify whether Pont analysis is precise to be used to Minang population. Method : Cross-sectional design was used in this study. This study was done to 65 upper dental casts from Minang student at the Faculty of Dentistry Andalas University who met the inclusion criteria. The difference between the measured and the calculated interpremolar and intermolar arch width was tested with paired T test with the significant value of 0.05 (p=0.05). Result : Mean value of interpremolar width was 37.8838 ± 2.29042 mm and intermolar width was 47.6046±3.18780 mm. The result of statistical analysis showed that there is no significant differences of the measured and the calculated interpremolar and intermolar width of Minang Student at Faculty of Dentistry Andalas University (p>0.05). Conclusion : Pont analysis can be used as one of the dental cast analysis in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning to Minang population. It is suggested to do a further research to identify lower dental arch form of the Minang population whose upper dental arch width equals to the predicted arch width according to Pont’s formula.
ASPEK IMUNOPATOGENESIS PERIODONTITIS APIKALIS
Authors: Febrian Febrian
Published: December 2019

ASPEK IMUNOPATOGENESIS PERIODONTITIS APIKALIS
REPLACEMENT OF POSTERIOR MISSING TEETH WITH PORCELAIN FUSED TO METAL (PFM) BRIDGE
Authors: Rahmi Eni
Published: December 2019

Porcelain fused to metal (PFM) bridge is the most of treatment that commonly used as a fixed partial dentures. One of the indication for PFM bridge is to replacing the loss of posterior teeth. This case report discussed about the treatment of posterior missing teeth with PFM bridge. Objective: to explain the clinical procedures of PFM bridges to treat the patient with posterior missing teeth. Case report: A 29-years old woman came to prosthodontic clinic in Faculty of Dentistry University of Padjadjaran with chief complaint of right maxillary posterior missing teeth. The treatment planning that have been choosen for this case was the porcelain fused to metal bridge due this excellent characteristic of resistence to mastication force compared with other types of bridge such as all ceramic or all acrylic bridge. Beside that, the aesthetic achievement of this kind of bridges is more excellent than all metal bridges. Disscussion: A spatial analysis, calculation the number of abutment against which used, and selected design bridge very determine the success of this treatment. In addition to that, the clinical procedures consisting of abutment teeth preparation, an accurate impression, and appropriate cementation were needed to get the satisfactory result. Conclusions: The porcelain fused to metal bridge is a appropriate option for posterior missing teeth treatment that fullfil satisfactorical biomechanical and esthetic factors.
HUBUNGAN PEMELIHARAAN KESEHATAN GIGI DENGAN STATUS KARIES GIGI SISWA KELAS 1 SMP 1 MUHAMMADIYAH KECAMATAN PADANG TIMUR KOTA PADANG
Authors: Lendrawati Lendrawati , Ervan Dio , Iryani Detty
Published: December 2019

Karies gigi merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh demineralisasi email dan dentin yang berkaitan dengan konsumsi makanan kariogenik. Karies terjadi karena adanya interaksi antara host, agen, substrat dan waktu. Perilaku pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi merupakan salah satu faktor predisposisi terjadinya karies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dengan status karies gigi pada siswa kelas 1 Sekolah Menengah Pertama.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Cross Sectional Study. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 1 SMP 1 Muhammadiyah Kecamatan Padang Timur Kota Padang sebanyak 120 orang, menggunakan metode Total Sampling. Pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dilakukan dengan pengisian kuisioner oleh responden penelitian dan status karies gigi diperiksa dengan menggunakan indeks DMF-T. Analisa statistik dilakukan dengan uji Chi-Square. Sebanyak 54,2% siswa memiliki pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi kategori baik dan 55,8% siswa memiliki status karies gigi kategori rendah. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dengan status karies gigi, nilai p= 0,00 (p< 0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dengan status karies gigi. Pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi siswa kelas 1 SMP 1 Muhammadiyah Kota Padang baik dan status karies gigi rendah.
PERBANDINGAN KUNJUNGAN PASIEN PER KASUS DI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN GIGI LANJUTAN PADA RUMAH SAKIT DI KOTA PADANG DITINJAU DARI PEMANFAATAN SISTEM JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL (JKN)
Authors: Pratiwi Diva Indah , Semiarty Rima , Fransiska Aria
Published: December 2019

Implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) in Padang’s Hospital has started since 1 January 2014. In practice JKN implement tiered referral system of first-level health facilities to advanced-level health facilities to meet the needs of the patient. This study aimed to compare the level of patient visits before and after JKN and to determine the causes of the referral hospital, especially in Yos Sudarso Padang Hospital and dr. Rasidin Regional Public Hospital Padang.This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection was done by taking the primary data from hospitals and depth interviews with dentists and patients at first-level health facilities and advanced. Data processing is done by reducing the data, presentation of data, drawing conclusions, and analysis of data.The results showed that the level of patient visits Yos Sudarso Padang Hospital increased while at the dr. Rasidin Regional Public Hospital Padang decreased. Level visits patients in Yos Sudarso Padang Hospital increased due to the lack of expertise and infrastructure at the first level of health care. While at dr. Rasidin Regional Public Hospital Padang level of patient visits decreased due to distant location of the hospital and the lack of transportation to the hospital.JKN implementation has been running quite optimal, but still there are patients who complain of difficulty in obtaining health services, especially in the first-level health facilities.
EFEKTIVITAS BERKUMUR DENGAN LARUTAN INFUSUM KISMIS (VITIS VINIFERA L) TERHADAP PENURUNAN INDEKS PLAK GIGI
Authors: Elyasina Elyasina , Machmud Rizanda , Murniwati Murniwati
Published: December 2019

Plaque is the main factor in progress periodontal disease and dental caries. Plaque control is elimination and inhibit of dental plaque accumulation at tooth surface. Plaque control can be done mechanically and chemically. In this study, used a solution of raisin infusion (Vitis vinifera L) as a mouthwash, because there are various phytochemical capable of inhibiting plaque formation. The aim of this study was to know the effect of raisin infusion solution on decrease dental plaque index. This study is an experimental study with pretest and posttest control group design. The sample of this study was 56 students were divided randomly into four groups, which is one control group and three test groups. The test groups was given 20%, 40% and 60% of raisin infusion solution. Dental plaque score was measured with PHP Plaque Index. Statistical analisys was performed according to Anova one way with p<0,05. The result of this study is significant differences of dental plaque index of control group when compared to the test group with 40% solution of raisin infusion (p=0,004) and when compared to the test group with 60% solution of raisin infusion (p=0,000). Rinsing with the 40% and 60% solution of raisin infusion can reduction of dental plaque index.
PERBANDINGAN UJI RESISTENSI BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS TERHADAP OBAT ANTIBIOTIK AMPISILIN DAN TETRASIKLIN
Authors: Suheri Finnie Luthfia , Agus Zulkarnain , Fitria Ivony
Published: December 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the normal flora in the oral cavity, but these bacteria can change to be pathogen if there are predisposing factors such as changes in quantities of bacteria and decreasing of the immune response of the body. One of the ways to prevent is to inhibit the activity of these bacteria using antibiotics. Ampicillin and tetracycline are the broad-spectrum antibiotics that can inhibit the growth of positive and negative gram bacteria. This research was a laboratory experimental with Kirby-Bauer method and using CLSI standard. Total sample are 16 discs of ampicillin and 16 discs of tetracycline then placed on MHA media contain Staphylococcus aureus to see the inhibition power. The result showed that the averages of inhibition zone of ampicillin is 36,64 mm while tetracycline is 25,58 mm. Independent sample t- test showed that p<0,01 which means there is a significantly difference between ampicillin and tetracycline. Ampicillin and tetracycline can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with sensitive categories. Ampicillin is more sensitive and effective than tetracycline to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus
HUBUNGAN UMUR KEHAMILAN DENGAN STATUS KESEHATAN GINGIVA PADA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS ANDALAS KECAMATAN PADANG TIMUR
Authors: Fauzin Kinanti , Bachtiar Hafni , Susi Susi
Published: December 2019

Gingivitis is an inflammation of the soft tissues inoral cavity that invade the free gingival. There are two kinds of etiologies that can cause gingivitis, they are plaque and non-plaque. Pregnant women will have some maternal physiological changes during pregnancy, one of them is the increasing of estrogen and progesterone. It will cause the gingival tissue to react to irritant such as plaque excessively. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gestational age and gingival index in pregnant women. This analytic correlation research used cross sectional approach. The gestational age were observed from Mom’s and Kid’s Health Book. The Gingival Index was observed by using Loe and Silness index to each pregnant woman’s oral cavity. Data was analysed by using Chi –square. The study took place in Andalas Public Health Center, from 16th February 2-15 until 26th February 2015. Most of the pregnant women had mild gingivitis, no pregnant women were found with healthy gingiva or severe gingivitis. The result showed that there was no significantly relationship between gestational age and gingival index in pregnant women (p>0,005).
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECTTOMORPH SKELETAL SHAPE AND INCIDENCE OF ANGLE MALOCCLUSION TO 16 YEARS OLD STUDENTS AT SMAN 4 PADANG
Authors: Ramadhani Feby , Oenzil Fadil , Hidayati Hidayati
Published: December 2019

Malocclusion is a deviation of normal occlusion in the growth process of the teeth caused by certain factors. Angle malocclusion is one of the existing malocclusion classifications by looking at the shape of the first molar relationship. One of the causes of malocclusion is the lack of nutrition. Adequate nutrition canbe seen from the shape of a person's skeletal, according to Sheldon classification it is divided into three, namely, ectomorph (skinny), mesomorphk (normal) and endomorph (fat). This study was conducted to determine the relationship between ectomorph skeletal shape and the incidence of Angle malocclusion to SMA Negeri 4 Padang students. The study was conducted with comparative cross-sectional design. The samples were divided into two groups: the ectomorph skeletal shape (thin) and mesomorph skeletal shape (normal), the number of respondents respectively 28. Group of skeletal shape was determined by using BMI (Body Mass Index) and direct malocclusion examination in the respondents’mouth using mouth glass by looking at the

respondent first molar relationship in accordance with the concept of Angle malocclusion classification. Of the results on ectomorph and mesomorph respondents with the incidence of malocclusion, it is not found a significant relationship with the use of chi-square analysis (p>0.05). Conclusion of the study show that there is no relationship between ectomorph skeletal shape and Angle malocclusion. Ectomorph and mesomorph skeletal shape and do not have significant differences.

Key words :malocclusion, BMI, skeletal shape
PERBANDINGAN KEBOCORAN MIKRO PADA RESTORASI RESIN KOMPOSIT MIKROFILLER DENGAN RESIN-MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER CEMENT (RMGIC) PADA KAVITAS KLAS V GIGI ANTERIOR
Authors: Ayudia Thesi Kurnia , Putri Kuswardani Susari , Fitria Ivony
Published: December 2019

Microleakage defined as the clinically undetectable passage of bacteria, fluids, molecules or ions between a cavity wall and the restorative material. Microleakage tends to occur in Class V cavities. It is caused by marginal adaptation which is more difficult in class V cavities. Microfiller composite resin is developed and indicated for areas that not require a large pressure. As the development of dental materials, it has been developed a composite resin base material that is known as resin-modified glass ionomer cement. This material has purposed to reduce the limitation of conventional glass ionomer cement and take the advantage of the composite resin material.

The aim of this study was to evaluate microleakage difference of microfiler composite resin restoration with resin-modified glass ionomer cement restorations in class V anterior teeth cavities. The methode of this study used experimental laboratory through in vitro process . Thirty two class V cavities were prepared on labial surfaces of extracted human anterior teeth. Samples were divided into two groups. Group I included sixteen samples that have had restorated with microfiller composite. Group II included sixteen samples that have had restorated with resin-modified glass ionomer cement. The samples were immersed into aquabides solution for 24 hours. After that, the samples were immersed into 1% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. All samples sectioned longitudinally and analyzed for microleakage as dye penetration using a stereomicroscope.

Student t-test were used for statistical analysis. The resulting data showed no significantly difference between two groups.

Key Word : Microleakage, microfiller composite resin, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), class V cavities.
PENGARUH WAKTU PENGADUKAN TERHADAP WAKTU GELASI BAHAN CETAK ALGINAT
Authors: Putri Audia Tria , Machmud Rizanda , Murniwati Murniwati
Published: December 2019

Alginate is one of many dental materials that used for the impressing materials. Mixing time is one of factorsthat affected the setting time. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mixing time at 30 seconds, 35seconds, 40 seconds, 45 seconds, 50 seconds, 55 seconds and 60 seconds on setting time of alginate. This studyused experimental method. The samples that used were 42 samples and divided into 7 groups of mixing time,that were 30 seconds (control), 35 seconds, 40 seconds, 45 seconds, 50 seconds, 55 seconds, and 60 seconds.Setting time was tested with acrylic test rod based on ADA specification no.18. The alginate powder was mixedwith water (10 gr : 23 ml ratio), then put in the mould. Acrylic test rod was placed in contact with the surface ofalginate dough. The setting time was measured from the starting of the mix to the time when alginate does notadhere to the end of the rod. Result of this study showed that the average of setting time of alginate which mixedfor 30 seconds (control), 35 seconds, 40 seconds, 45 seconds, 50 seconds, 55 seconds, and 60 seconds was120.17 ± 3.312 seconds, 119.00 ± 1.265 seconds, 118.17 ± 1.472 seconds, 114.83 ± 3.896 seconds, 112.00 ±1.673 seconds, 109.17 ± 0.983 seconds, and 105.33 ± 4.082 seconds respectively.

One Way Anova test shows significant difference among all experimental group with p=0.000. The change of setting time alginate show significant difference with control group when it mixed for 45 seconds, 50 seconds, 55seconds, and 60 seconds.Keywords: alginate, mixing time, setting time
PERBEDAAN POLA RUGAE PALATAL ANTARA LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN SUKU MINANG
Authors: Pratiwi Dhira , Sumantri Dedi , Lipoeto Nur Indrawati
Published: December 2019

Indonesia as a disaster-prone area allowed casualty in large numbers and need immediate identification. One way to identify it was the use forensic odontology. Palatal rugae pattern has been suggested as an alternative method in forensic odontology to determine gender in all sorts of ethnic and population. The aim of this study was to know the difference of palatal rugae pattern between males and females in Minang ethnic. This study used descriptive analytics with cross sectional approach. The study sample compromised 122 dental stone casts of Minang ethnic, 61 males and 61 females wih range 15-19 years. The method rugae identification was based classification of Thomas and Kotze. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. The most predominant palatal rugae pattern in Minang ethnic are wavy and primary rugae. The Minang males were predominantly wavy, followed by straight, curve, unification, and circular. The Minang females were predominantly wavy, followed by curve, straight, and unification. There was a significant (p<0,05) sex difference in the circular type which was higher in males. Palatal rugae pattern can be used as adjunct to sex differentiation between males and females of ethnic Minang in forensic odontology.

Key words : Forensic odontology, analysis of rugae palatal, gender, Minang ethnic
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEVERITY OF MALOCCLUSSION WITH CARIES AMONG ADOLESCENTS STUDENTS OF SMKN 3 PARIAMAN
Authors: Wulandari Kartika , Susi Susi
Published: December 2019

Malocclussion is one of the most common case in oral health and taking of third position after dental caries and periodontal disease. Malocclusion is a deviation form from normal occlussion. Malocclussion may caused problems in oral function, psychosocial problems and oral health problem, one of them is caries. Many of malocclusion character associated with severity of caries. The aim of this study was to know the association between severity of malocclussion with caries among adolescents students in SMKN 3 Pariaman. This study use observasional analytics with cross sectional approach. Sample were adolescents (16-19 years old) in SMKN 3 Pariaman.The sample were 75 students consisting of 15 students in each of grade complexity of malocclusion. The severity of malocclusion were identification based ICON (Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need) and caries was assess use DMF-T Index. The data were analyzed by Kruskal Walis test and Mann-Whitney test. Mean DMF-T students of SMKN 3 Pariaman was 3,00±1,716 (medium category). DMF-T indeks of malocclusion Easy was 1,466±1,407 (low category), Mild is 1,933±1,222 (low category), Moderate was 3,133±1,125 (medium category), Difficult was 4,066±1, (medium category), and Very Difficult was 4,400±1,298 (medium category). Mean of DMF-T indeks increased with increasing ICON of malocclusion. Statistical test result obtained by the p-value (p<0,05). There were association between severity of malocclussion with caries among adolescents students in SMKN 3 Pariaman.

Key words : malocclussion, ICON, caries, DMF-T index
EFFECT OF DURATION BREASTFEEDING TOWARD def-t INDEX OF 2-3 YEARS OLD CHILD IN POSYANDU PUSKESMAS
Authors: Amri Ummu Hanifah , Nismal Harfindo
Published: December 2019

There are main factors that play role in the occurrence of caries, those are host factors, microorganism, substrate, and time. If one factor is not there then caries does not occur. Breastfeeding is fat emulsion in a solution of protein, lactose, and organic salt that are secreted by the breast. Breastfeeding contains nutrients that can inhibit caries occurrence. The aim of this study is to determine effect of duration breastfeeding toward def-t Index of 2-3 years old child in Posyandu Puskesmas Andalas. This study design is an observational with cross sectional design. The total sample were 68 of 2-3 years old children in Posyandu Puskesmas Andalas. The analysis effect of duration breastfeeding toward def-t Index is Chi Square’s Test. This study shows that there are significant effect (p<0,05) between duration breastfeeding toward def-t Index of 2-3 Years Old Child. def-t Index the moderate category for ≥6 months breastfeeding and def-t index the high category for <6 months breastfeeding.There is effect duration breastfeeding toward def-t Index of 2-3 years old.

Key words : Breastfeeding, def-t Index, caries
PERBEDAAN KEKERASAN PERMUKAAN BAHAN RESTORASI RESIN KOMPOSIT NANOFILLER YANG DIRENDAM DALAM MINUMAN RINGAN BERKARBONASI DAN MINUMAN BERALKOHOL
Authors: Ikhsan Nurul , Kasuma Nila , Kustantiningtyastuti Didin
Published: December 2019

Resin composite is dental material filling that is commonly used in dentistry which has good physical properties, mechanical and aesthetics. The properties that have an important role in the resistance of the composite resin surface hardness which directly involved when contact with food, drink and salivary. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of carbonated soft drink and alcoholic beverages on the surface hardness of nanofiller composite resin.The method used in this research is post test only control group design. Samples were made using the mold made of stainless steel, with diameter of 6mm and tick of 2mm, composite was manipulated according to the manufacture’s instructions, and then immersed in aquades, carbonated soft drink and alcoholic beverages for 18 hours in a temperature of 37ºC. Samples were tested using Vickers Hardness Test. Data analysis using Kruskal-Walis test.The result show that the nanofiller composite resin which immersed in alcoholic beverages has higher surface (81,04±10,44 VHN), whreas the composite which immersed in aquades and carbonated soft drink has the surface hardness (70,20±16,6 dan71,10±15,96 VHN). The result of data analysis showed that the data are not distributed normally and showed a significant value of p>0,05. From this research can be concluded that there is no significant differences in surface hardness of nanofiller composite resin which immersed in carbonated soft drink and alcoholic beverages.

Keywords: Resin Komposit, nanofiller, surface hardness, mechanical properties.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN ORANG TUA DENGAN STATUS KEBERSIHAN GIGI DAN MULUT ANAK TUNA RUNGU USIA 9-12 TAHUN DI SLB KOTA PADANG
Authors: Ningsih Chindy Septia , Kustantiningtyastuti Didin
Published: December 2019

Parents’ knowledge is very important in keeping children’s mouth and teeth clean especially on disability children. According to the researcher’s survey, it hasn’t been conducted a research yet about oral hygiene indeks of deaf children. The objective of this research is to determine the correlation of parents’ knowledge with oral hygiene indeks of 9-12 years old deaf children at extraordinary schools in Padang”.

The design of this research is observational analytic with cross sectional approach. Population of this research is all deaf children at 5 extraordinary schools who are the most ages are 9-12 years old. They are 34 children whom are selected by using total sampling technique. Time of the research is in March 2016. The research instruments are questionnaire and oral hygiene status. Univariate analysis is shown in the form of frequency distribution tables and bivariate analysis is by using chi-square test with 95% α = 0.05 level of trust.

Research findings showed more than a half (73,5%) children had not good level of mouth and teeth clean; only a small percentage (20,6%) parents had high knowledge; and there was no significant correlation between parents’ knowledge and oral hygiene indeks simplifield (OHI-S) of 9-12 years old deaf children at extraordinary. PValue = 0.187.

Keywords : Parents’ knowledge, oral hygiene indeks of deaf children
PERBEDAAN DAYA HAMBAT OBAT ANESTESI LOKAL LIDOCAINE 2% DAN ARTICAINE 4% TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Porphyromonas gingivalis SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Muharammy Fairuza , Machmud Rizanda , Nelis Surya
Published: December 2019

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a  gram-negative anaerobic bacteria which is an oral normal microflora located in subgingival area.This bacteria can cause inflamation and delayed wound healing after dental invasive procedures. Lidocaine 2% and articaine 4% are the most used anaesthetic agents in dentistry. Both of these agents have been studied for having antibacterial effect in certain concentrations. This will open the possibility of using local anaesthetic agents as antibacterial agent in dental invasive procedures to prevent infection after procedures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference inhibition of local anaesthetics drug lidocaine 2% and articaine 4% on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro. The study subject was pure culture of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 divided by two group, one group  with lidocaine 2% and other with  articaine 4%. This study was experimental laboratory with post test only control group design. The mean of inhibitions were obtained by measuring inhibition zone formed around paper discs with caliper in milimeter scale. The result showed Inhibition rate lidocaine 2% had greater rate than articaine 4% in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro.The conclusion was lidocaine 2% was more effective than articaine 4% in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro.

Keywords: Antibacteria, Local anaesthetic,  Lidocaine 2%, Articaine 4%, Porphyromonas gingivalis
DIFFERENCES IN EFFECTIVENESS TOOTHPASTE GEL FORMULATION WITH PASTE IN MAINTAINING NORMAL SALIVARY PH
Authors: Fernandes Randy , Kasuma Nila , Triana Vivi
Published: December 2019

Saliva is oral fluids consisted of mixture of secretions from major and minor salivary glands. Salivary pH ranges from 5.6 to 7.0 with average in 6.7. Teeth brushing could change salivary pH. Toothpaste which distribute among our society nowadays is either gel or paste contain xylitol or sorbitol. Xylitol and sorbitol are able to stimulate the secretion of saliva therefore increase buffering capacity and pH of saliva. This research is an experiment with pre-test post-test study design. This research used 36 samples. The measurement of the pH of saliva was performed five times: before brushing, 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes after brushing with toothpaste. Result showed significant differences in before brushing with 5 minutes after brushing, and 5 minutes with 10 minutes after brushing. While in 10 minutes with 30 minutes after brushing and 60 minutes with 30 minutes after brushing there was no significant differences. The average pH of saliva by gel formulation is more fluctuating than pH saliva by paste formulation which tends to decline as time changes in normal circumstances and more stable to maintain normal salivary pH. The conclusion of this research is toothpaste with paste formulation is more stable in maintaining normal pH of saliva compared to toothpaste with gel formulation

Keywords : salivary pH, toothpaste gel formulation, toothpaste paste formulation
DIFFERENCES OF SALIVARY PH AFTER CONSUMING PACKAGED LIQUID COW’S MILK AND PACKAGED LIQUID SOY MILK IN THE FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, ANDALAS UNIVERSITY
Authors: Warti Hestia , Kasuma Nila , Hidayati Hidayati
Published: December 2019

Saliva is a complex oral fluids. Normal salivary pH ranges from 6.4- 6.9. A diet rich in carbohydrates can cause changes in the pH of saliva. Milk is a food that contains almost all the nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitamins. The purpose of this research is to know the differences of salivary pH after consuming packaged liquid cow’s milk and packaged liquid soy milk. This study was an experimental study using pretest-posttest study design. The samples collected 22 people. Each sample drank 250 ml of packaged liquid cow’s milk and packaged liquid soy milk for 1 minute. There is no significant decrease in salivary pH (p>0,05) after consuming packaged liquid cow’s milk. There is significant decrease in salivary pH (p<0,05) in the 5 minutes after consuming packaged liquid soy milk..

Keywords : salivary pH, packaged liquid cow’s milk, packaged liquid soy milk
Hubungan Antara Body Mass Index (BMI) dan Pengalaman Karies pada Anak Pra-Sekolah di Puskesmas Rawang
Authors: Prima Dini Chairani , Murniwati Murniwati
Published: December 2019

influence dental caries due to altered saliva composition and impaired secretion. Intake of foods rich in carbohydrates can be risk factor for overweight, obesity and tooth decay. BMI is considered a simple method to analyse a nutritional status. Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between BMI and caries status of preschool children in Puskesmas, Rawang District of Padang City. Method: This study used the cross sectional design, with the total sample were 72 students from 6 from Early Childhood Development Place (PAUD) which located in Puskesmas Rawang, and selected through proportionate stratified random sampling method. The analysis of the relationship between BMI (underweight, normal weight, and obese) and caries status is conducted with Kruskal Wallis’ Test and followed by Mann-Whitney’s Test. Result: Ultimately, this study shows that there are significant differences (p <0.05) between BMI (underweight, normalweight, and obesity) and caries status, which for the category of underweight-obesity showed significant difference (p<0.05), whereas in the category of underweight-normalweight and normalweight-obesity showed there is no significant differentiation (p <0.05). The results of this study indicated that the highest score of caries is in the categories of underweight children.Conclusion: As the conclusion of this study revealed that there is a relation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Caries Status.

Keywords: Body Mass Index (BMI), Caries
THE EFFECT OF MIXING SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TYPE III GYPSUM PRODUCT
Authors: Kurnia Rezy , Hidayati Hidayati
Published: December 2019

Disinfection is needed to avoid transmission of infectious agents. One of disinfectant solution used is sodium hypochlorite. Disinfection should be done without changing the quality of gypsum models, so the technique of mixing a disinfectant solution on gypsum powder can be used as an alternative. The purpose of this study was to determined the effect of mixing sodium hypochlorite to the compressive strength of type III gypsum product. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Engineering, Andalas University using laboratory experimental method with 30 pieces of type III gypsum models as samples. Samples were divided into 5 groups, that were mixed using 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% sodium hypochlorite, 5% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water as a control group. Measurement of the compressive strength was performed with a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The results showed that the models were mixed with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% sodium hypochlorite and 5% sodium hypochlorite reduced the average of the compressive strength compared to the models that are mixed with distilled water. One Way ANOVA test showed that was significantly differences (p<0.05) among groups of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% sodium hypochlorite, 5% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water as a control group. It was concluded that there were effect of mixing sodium hypochlorite to reduced the compressive strength of type III gypsum product.

Keywords: type III gypsum, compressive strength, sodium hypochlorite
PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN GIGI METODE DONGENG (STORYTELLING) DENGAN METODE BERMAIN PERAN (ROLE PLAY) PADA SISWA KELAS 3 SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Khairani Resti , Lipoeto Nur Indrawati , Ristiono Bambang
Published: December 2019

Background and purpose: Dental caries is a problem that often arises in children. One contributing factor is the child's behavior. Behavior began to form of knowledge, and knowledge to stimulate a change in attitude and action. The knowledge of elementary school children about dental health at the level of bad and less. Children have characteristics consistent with the cognitive development, is one of the aspects to be considered in determining the appropriate target education and the education methods will be used. The purpose of this education is to see the difference in the effectiveness of storytelling method and role play method as an method of dental and oral health education on a 3rd grade elementary school. Material and Methods: The research method was quasi experimental with pretest and posttest design. Samples were taken by using purposive sampling technique with a sample of 54 students in grades 3 SDN 22 Andalas Padang. The samples were divided into 2 groups with different treatment, 27 students with storytelling method and 27 students with role play method. The level of knowledge was measured through filled questionnaires before and after education. Analysis of the data used is paired T test and independent T test (p <0.05). Results and conclusions: results analysis of test showed a significant increase in knowledge (p <0.05) after being given an education on each method with a significance value of 0.000. The average change knowledge in the storytelling method was 14.26 ± 4.09 while the role play method was 17.96 ± 3.99. There are differences in effectiveness between the two methods of education to increase knowledge with a significance value of 0.001 (p <0.05). The conclusion of this study is role play as a method of dental and oral health education is an effective method to increasing knowledge.

Keywords:role play, storytelling, education, elementary school students
EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA POP-UP CARD TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT ANAK USIA 8-9 TAHUN
Authors: Lestari Rizki Dwi , Irawati Nuzulia , Murniwati Murniwati
Published: December 2019

Dental caries is a dental problem that often affects children. One of oral and dental health problems etiology is behavioral or negligence factor to the oral and dental health. This happens due to lack of knowledge about the importance of maintaining oral and dental health, especially in children. Attractive learning media is necessary to improve the knowledge about oral and dental health. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of pop-up card media toward oral and dental health knowledge of 8-9 years old children. This study used a non-equivalent control group design. Pre-test, treatment and post-test were conducted. Sampling was conducted by random and simple sampling, then the samples were divided into two groups, 23 third grade elementary school students of SDN 23 Echoes Jati Padang were included to the experimental group. This group was taught with oral and dental health education by using pop-up card media and 23 others were included into control group taught with oral and dental health education without pop-up card media. Analysis of the data was conducted using McNemar test. Statistical test results using McNemar test showed a significant increase in the knowledge. Pop-up card media effectively improved the knowledge of experimental group with p value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Based on the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that pop-up card media is effective to improve knowledge of 8-9 years old children.

 Keywords:Children, Pop-up Media, Knowledge