bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OGLE-2017-BLG-0537: A Microlensing Event with a Resolvable Lens in ≲5 years from High-resolution Follow-up Observations
Authors: Jung Y. K. , Han C. , Udalski A. , Gould A. , Albrow M. D. , Chung S.-J. , Hwang K.-H. , Lee C.-U. , Ryu Y.-H. , Shin I.-G. , Shvartzvald Y. , Yee J. C. , Zang W. , Zhu W. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Kim H.-W. , Kim S.-L. , Lee D.-J. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W. , Kim W.-T. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Mróz P. , Poleski R. , Skowron J. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Kozłowski S. , Pietrukowicz P. , Ulaczyk K. , Pawlak M. ,   (The OGLE Collaboration)
Published: August 2018

We present an analysis of the binary-lens microlensing event OGLE-2017-BLG-0537. The light curve of the event exhibits two strong caustic-crossing spikes among which the second caustic crossing was resolved by high-cadence surveys. It is found that the lens components with a mass ratio ∼0.5 are separated in projection by

, where θ
E is the angular Einstein radius. Analysis of the caustic-crossing part yields

mas and a lens-source relative proper motion of μ = 12.4 ± 1.1 mas yr−1. The measured μ is the third highest value among the events with measured proper motions and is ∼3 times higher than the value of typical Galactic bulge events, making the event a strong candidate for follow-up observations to directly image the lens by separating it from the source. From the angular Einstein radius combined with the microlens parallax, it is estimated that the lens is composed of two main-sequence stars with masses M
1 ∼ 0.4 M
⊙ and M
2 ∼ 0.2 M
⊙ located at a distance of D
L ∼ 1.2 kpc. However, the physical lens parameters are not very secure due to the weak microlens-parallax signal, thus we cross-check the parameters by conducting a Bayesian analysis based on the measured Einstein radius and event timescale, combined with the blending constraint. From this, we find that the physical parameters estimated from the Bayesian analysis are consistent with those based on the measured microlens parallax. Resolving the lens from the source can be done in about 5 years from high-resolution follow-up observations and this will provide a rare opportunity to test and refine the microlensing model.
Prise en charge des personnes sans chez-soi : intérêt du dossier médical partagé ?
Authors: Jego Maeva , Gentile Gaëtan , Giusiano Bernard , Sambuc Roland , Balique Hubert , Gentile Stéphanie
Published: August 2018

Objectif : Étudier l’acceptabilité qu’ont les médecins généralistes (MG) du dossier médical partagé (DMP), dans le contexte de la prise en charge des personnes sans chez-soi (PSCS). Méthodes : Étude mixte séquentielle, qualitative puis quantitative. Pour la phase qualitative, des MG impliqués dans la précarité ont été interviewés par entretiens semi-dirigés. Pour la phase quantitative 150 MG marseillais ayant une pratique typique de la médecine générale ont été tirés au sort puis interrogés via un questionnaire. L’acceptabilité pratique et sociale du DMP était quantifiée par échelles de Likert. Résultats : 19 MG ont été interviewés pour la phase qualitative et 105 MG ont été inclus (73 % de répondants) pour la phase quantitative. Les MG connaissaient mal le DMP. La moitié (52,5 %) des MG seraient prêts à utiliser le DMP pour les PSCS. Il était perçu comme pouvant améliorer la continuité des soins, sa qualité et sa sécurité pour les PSCS. L’intérêt du DMP était perçu supérieur pour les PSCS que pour les patients en général, notamment sur le gain de temps envisagé (p = 0,03). En revanche, le DMP était mal connu, et les MG craignaient un détournement et une sécurisation insuffisante du stockage des données. Des limites spécifiques aux PSCS étaient relevées, dont l’accès pratique au DMP pour les PSCS (carte vitale, accès internet). Conclusion : Le DMP pourrait être une solution pour améliorer la continuité des soins des PSCS. Il faut cependant adapter l’outil à la prise en charge des PSCS et informer les professionnels pour une utilisation effective.
Different ways to manage indocyanine green fluorescence to different purposes in liver surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Molfino Sarah , Alfano Marie Sophie , Benedicenti Sara , Molteni Beatrice , Peroni Michele , Baresi Mattia , Tarasconi Antonio , Catena Fausto , Boni Luigi , Portolani Nazario , Baiocchi Gian Luca
Published: August 2018

Fluorescent properties of indocyanine green (ICG) for hepatic tumor identification and features have been recently studied. The aim is to review the published data on the use of ICG enhanced fluorescence surgery during liver resection. A systematic search of literature was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and Web of Science libraries. For all eligible studies, the following data were extracted: study design, number of cases, management of indocyanine green (dose, time and method of administration), type of surgery, outcome variables, false positive and accuracy value, if reported. For statistical analysis, it was considered significant P<0.05, when published. 19 articles were fully analyzed and data were extracted. A total of 718 cases were globally analyzed as study group. No side effects of ICG were reported in any articles. 12 prospective observational, 1 randomized and 2 case-control studies were found. Three case reports and one experimental on animal model were also included. Detection of superficial lesions, segmental staining, biliary anatomy investigation (biliary leakage detection, biliary tree anatomy) were the main clinical application of fluorescence liver guided surgery. The overall quality of the data currently available is limited but the role of fluorescence guided liver surgery seems promising.
Generational differences in workplace motivation
Authors: Heyns Marita M. , Kerr Marilyn D.
Published: August 2018

Orientation: Despite increasing age diversity in the workforce, organisations still know relatively little about how potentially diverging motivational needs of the various generations might influence motivational strategies and organisational performance.Research purpose: To explore the relationship between multigenerational workforces and employee motivation within a South African workplace setting from a self-determination theory perspective.Motivation for the study: The pursuit of performance excellence requires an understanding of the enablers of optimal performance. In South Africa, the workplace landscape is changing fast as younger generations are joining the workforce in rapidly growing numbers. These younger employees are often believed to differ quite drastically from the older generations in terms of their values and priorities, which necessitates a deeper understanding of the motivational drivers of the different cohorts as these manifest within a workplace environment.Research approach/design and method: A cross-sectional survey approach and a quantitative research design were used (N = 164). Two questionnaires founded on self-determination theory were administered, namely the Work-Related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale and the Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale.Main findings: Findings contradict the popular notion that generational cohorts differ significantly from each other in terms of diverging intrinsic and extrinsic motivational preferences that may influence their behaviour at work. With regard to the degrees of satisfaction of the basic psychological needs that drive autonomous, intrinsically motivated behaviour specifically, no practically significant differences were found either. There was, however, one notable difference, namely in the indicated degree of satisfaction of the psychological need for autonomy between Generation Y and Generation X cohorts.Practical/managerial implications: Management is advised to cultivate a motivational climate that promotes autonomously motivated behaviour in general and to focus on specific known individual motivational preferences that may exist within groups rather than approaching generational cohorts as homogenous groups.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to the limited research regarding similarities and differences in the intrinsic versus extrinsic motivational stance of three different generations as these manifest within a workplace setting in an emerging economy country. Findings afford management insight into motivational processes that are most influential among generational cohorts and assist them in adapting suitable motivational strategies that can ultimately improve retention of valued employees.
Radiative Effect and Climate Impacts of Brown Carbon with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5)
Authors: Brown Hunter , Liu Xiaohong , Feng Yan , Jiang Yiquan , Wu Mingxuan , Lu Zheng , Wu Chenglai , Murphy Shane , Pokhrel Rudra
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A recent development in the representation of aerosols in climate models is the realization that some components of organic aerosol (OA), emitted from biomass and biofuel burning, can have a significant contribution to short-wave radiation absorption in the atmosphere. The absorbing fraction of OA is referred to as brown carbon (BrC). This study introduces one of the first implementations of BrC into the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5), using a parameterization for BrC absorptivity described in Saleh et al. (2014). 9-year experiments are run (2003–2011) with prescribed emissions and sea surface temperatures to analyze the effect of BrC in the atmosphere. Model validation is conducted via model comparison to single-scatter albedo and aerosol optical depth from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). This comparison reveals a model underestimation of SSA in biomass burning regions for both default and BrC model runs, while a comparison between AERONET and model absorption Angstrom exponent shows a marked improvement with BrC implementation. Global annual average radiative effects are calculated due to aerosol-radiation interactions (REari; 0.13 ± 0.01 W m−2) and aerosol-cloud interactions (REaci; 0.01 ± 0.04 W m−2). REari is similar to other studies' estimations of BrC direct radiative effect, while REaci indicates a global reduction in low clouds due to the BrC semi-direct effect. The mechanisms for these physical changes are investigated and found to correspond with changes in global circulation patterns. Comparisons of BrC implementation approaches find that this implementation predicts a lower BrC REari in the Arctic regions than previous studies with CAM5. Implementation of BrC bleaching effect shows a significant reduction in REari (0.06 ± 0.008 W m−2). Also, variations in OA density can lead to differences in REari and REaci, indicating the importance of specifying this property when estimating the BrC radiative effects and when comparing similar studies.
The effect of a density gradient in groundwater on ATES system efficiency and subsurface space use
Authors: Bloemendal Martin , Olsthoorn Theo N.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A heat pump combined with Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) has high potential in efficiently and sustainably providing thermal energy for space heating and cooling. This makes the subsurface, including its groundwater, of crucial importance for primary energy savings. ATES systems are often placed in aquifers in which salinity increases with depth. This is the case in coastal areas where also the demand for ATES application is high due to high degrees of urbanization in those areas. The seasonally alternating extraction and re-injection between ATES wells disturbs the preexisting ambient salinity gradient causing horizontal density gradients, which trigger buoyancy flow, which in turn affects the recovery efficiency of the stored thermal energy. This section uses analytical and numerical methods to understand and explain the impact of buoyancy flow on the efficiency of ATES in such situations, and to quantify the magnitude of this impact relative to other thermal energy losses. The results of this research show that losses due to buoyancy flow may become considerable at (a relatively large) ambient density gradients of over 0.5 kg m−3 m−1 in combination with a vertical hydraulic conductivity of more than 5 m day−1. Monowell systems suffer more from buoyancy losses than do doublet systems under similar conditions.
Anomalous acceleration of mass loss in the Greenland ice sheet
drainage basins and its contribution to the sea level fingerprints
during 2010–2012
Authors: Wang Linsong , Zhang Liangjing , Chen Chao , Thomas Maik , Kaban Mikhail K.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The sea level rise contributed from ice sheet melting has been accelerating due to global warming. Continuous melting of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is a major contributor to sea level rise, which impacts directly on the surface mass balance and the instantaneous elastic response of the solid Earth. To study the sea level fingerprints (SLF) caused by the anomalous acceleration of the mass loss in GrIS can help us to understand drivers of sea level changes due to global warming and the frequently abnormal climate events. In this study, we focus on the anomalous acceleration of the mass loss in GrIS at the drainage basins from 2010 to 2012 and on its contributions to SLF and relative sea level (RSL) changes based on self-attraction and loading effects. Using GRACE monthly gravity fields and surface mass balance (SMB) data spanning 13 years between 2003 and 2015, the spatial and temporal distribution of the ice sheet balance in Greenland is estimated by mascons fitting based on six extended drainage basins and matrix scaling factors. Then the SLF spatial variations are computed by solving the sea level equation. Our results indicate that the total ice sheet mass loss is contributed from few regions only in Greenland, i.e., from the northwest, central west, southwestern and southeastern parts. Especially along the north-west coast and the south-east coast, ice was melting significantly during 2010–2012. The total mass loss rates during 2003–2015 are −288±7 Gt/yr and −275±1 Gt/yr as derived from scaled GRACE data and SMB respectively; and the magnitude of the trend increased to −456±30 Gt/yr and to −464±38 Gt/yr correspondingly over the period 2010–2012. The residuals obtained by GRACE after removing SMB show a good agreement with the surface elevation change rates derived from pervious ICESat results, which reflect a contribution from glacial dynamics to the total ice mass changes. Melting of GrIS results in decreased RSL in Scandinavia and North Europe, up to about −0.6 cm/yr. The far-field peak increase is less dependent on the precise pattern of self-attraction and loading; and the average global RSL was raised by 0.07 cm/yr only. Greenland contributes about 31 % of the total terrestrial water storage transferring to the sea level rise from 2003 to 2015. We also found that variations of the GrIS contribution to sea level have an opposite V shape (i.e., from rising to falling) during 2010–2012, while a clear global mean sea level drop also took place (i.e., from falling to rising).
La hospitalidad en los ´Uyūn al-Ajbār de Ibn Qutayba: El Libro de la comida
Authors: Santás de Arcos Iria
Published: August 2018

La intención de este estudio es la de profundizar en el concepto de hospitalidad árabe mediante el análisis de las noticias (ajbār) en prosa y en verso recogidas en la obra enciclopédica de adab ´Uyūn al-Ajbār (Florilegio de noticias), del polígrafo iraquí del siglo IX Ibn Qutayba, en concreto, en el libro dedicado a la alimentación, el Kitāb al-ṭa´ām ( Libro de la comida), así como ofrecer la traducción española realizada por la autora de dichas noticias.
Infancias latinoamericanas: Civilización racista y limpieza social. Ensayo sobre violencias coloniales y postcoloniales
Authors: Liebel Manfred
Published: August 2018

En la colonización del subcontinente que hoy llamamos América Latina, similar a la de otros continentes, los conquistadores europeos consideraban a los pueblos originarios como infantiles o aniñados. Las analogías infantilizadoras atribuían a los pueblos colonizados un intelecto limitado, lo cual permitía justificar la colonización como misión civilizadora y tratos discriminatorios y racistas hacia los niños y niñas de estos pueblos, y los que resultaron de relaciones sexuales entre conquistadores y mujeres indígenas y afrodecendientes. En este ensayo, el autor presenta prácticas diferentes pero cuyos orígenes son similares: pimero, la arbitrariedad racista que se daba a niños así llamados “ilegítimos” o “irregulares”, segundo, el trato que se brindaba a niñas y niños indígenas y afrodecendientes con el fin de “civilizarlos”, y tercero, la persecución y “limpieza social” en contra de los niños que no cumplen con las ideas pre-dominantes de una infancia socialmente aceptada. Estas prácticas se basan en los conceptos racistas de los gobernantes coloniales y repercuten en las sociedades latinoamericanas hasta el día de hoy.
“Los herederos”: Hacia una crítica benjaminiana de la infancia
Authors: Guidarelli Mattioli Gutiérrez Rita
Published: August 2018

“Los herederos” es el título de un documental que retrata la vida de un grupo de niñas y niños mexicanos que, día a día, deben trabajar para sobrevivir. Sus actividades son variadas: algunos laboran en el campo o se hacen cargo de los animales; otros tejen o fabrican ladrillos; algunos más cortan leña o tallan alebrijes en trozos de madera. Sin embargo, todos ellos tienen algo en común: “Al heredar las herramientas y técnicas de sus ancestros, estos niños también han heredado la miseria. Generación tras generación permanecen cautivos en un ciclo de pobreza heredada”. En la obra de Walter Benjamin, el tema de la infancia aparece de manera reiterada. Ya sea en la forma de textos autobiográficos, en ensayos sobre juguetes y cuentos de hadas, o incluso como guiones radiofónicos dirigidos a los niños, lo infantil fue para Benjamin fuente de reflexión y marco de pensamiento. Ideas provenientes de esa época de la vida, de sus ejercicios de rememoración, han aflorado en su filosofía de la historia. Y es desde ahí que pretendemos pensar la infancia de los oprimidos de América Latina en búsqueda de posibilidades de redención.
Epistemologias da latitude zero: jogos, brincadeiras e brinquedos de São Tomé e Príncipe
Authors: Mendes Barra Sandra Marlene
Published: August 2018

Este é um convite a descobrir as epistemologias da latitude zero, ou seja, aquilo que sabem aqueles que não sabem: quer porque são crianças, quer porque são africanas; tanto porque são marginalizadas pelo adultocentrismo quanto porque são invisibilizadas pelo eurocentrismo. No quadro teórico da sociologia da infância e no âmbito das teorias pós-coloniais estão presentes os pressupostos de reflexividade, colaboração e participação, os quais também ecoam na utilização das metodologias visuais. Assim, a escrita deste artigo faz uso dos registos fotográficos para a revelação dos saberes das crianças santomenses e a provocação de questionamentos: a normatização das brincadeiras das crianças e a valorização do ato de brincar em si próprio; a preservação da relação entre a criança e a natureza enquanto palco privilegiado do brincar; e a promoção de relações significativas com as crianças, (re)conhecendo as suas culturas lúdicas.
Figuras da criança na sociologia da infância em Portugal
Authors: Sarmento Manuel Jacinto , Fernandes Natália , Tomás Catarina
Published: August 2018

A sociologia da infância é uma disciplina que em Portugal tem duas décadas de existência, desde o surgimento do primeiro trabalho que se reivindica desta área científica. Enquanto disciplina das ciências sociais não deixa de refletir as especificidades da formação social onde radica, bem como a da língua em que maioritariamente se expressa. Apesar da sua forte articulação com a sociologia da infância de outros universos linguísticos, o trabalho teórico de duas décadas não deixa de ser marcado por especificidades temáticas, teóricas e metodológicas. Mais do que fazer um balanço do trabalho no campo ou proceder ao levantamento das suas produções, este artigo preocupa-se em sinalizar as “figuras de criança”, isto é, os constructos através dos quais são pensadas as crianças, os quais emanam da produção teórica e se articulam com a produção normativa sobre as crianças, com incidência na construção das políticas públicas e nas práticas sociais e profissionais.
Infancia vulnerable en los medios de comunicación
Authors: Rodríguez Costa María Jesús
Published: August 2018

Aldeas Infantiles SOS, organización de ayuda a la infancia que trabaja en 134 países, analiza junto a la Federación de Asociaciones de Periodistas de España la situación de la infancia en los medios de comunicación en nuestro país, elaborando un código ético para la buena realización de informaciones que afecten a los niños.
La complejidad del proceso de conocimiento
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: August 2018

En este artículo se hace un análisis de la complejidad y su vinculación con la realidad, con el conocimiento y con su asimilación y con la puesta en práctica de dicho conocimiento.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS Año 10, No.20, Enero-Mayo de 2012, pp.23-37
La metafísica moderna y la teoría de la complejidad
Authors: Rojas Carrero Marcelino
Published: August 2018

Con el presente artículo se pretende contribuir al análisis y reflexión sobre la llamada crisis de la modernidad, en orden a plantear en qué consiste tal crisis, algunas insuficiencias fundamentales que padece y describir algunas de las reacciones que ha generado.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS Año 10, No.20, Enero-Mayo de 2012, pp.77-87
Una mirada a “totalidad e infinito” de Emmanuel Levinas
Authors: Romero García David Jacob
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo pretende enfocar de forma sencilla y profunda los tópicos éticos que el filósofo Emmanuel Lévinas desarrolla en su obra Totalidad e Infinito. El Otro es el modo natural y racional de trascender al Yo, y la única instancia para la realización humana. Así, la preferencia por el Otro puede sentar las bases de un mundo mejor.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS año 10, No.21, Junio-Diciembre de 2012, pp.57-70
El voseo en El Salvador
Authors: López Nelson , Ascencio Milton
Published: August 2018

Este artículo describe y examina el uso del voseo (el empleo del vos en lugar de tú) en El Salvador, con énfasis en el aspecto sociocultural. El uso de los pronombres personales en la segunda persona del singular (vos, tú y usted) genera cierto recelo y confusión en los salvadoreños. Aunque aquí se discuten las funciones semánticas y las teorías del poder (como jerarquía social, no como poder absoluto), está claro que la gente habla sin saber de teorías. El uso de usted impone cierto respeto, distancia, afecto y hasta distinción de clases; mientras que el tú se reserva para espacios de élite o para aquellos que, como Andrés Bello, consideran que el voseo es inadecuado, relegando el vos al vulgo.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS año 10, No.21, Junio-Diciembre de 2012, pp.71-83
La precariedad de las democracias en América Latina : una mirada desde la doctrina social de la iglesia
Authors: Campillo Vélez Beatriz Eugenia
Published: August 2018

El texto intenta recordar las bases de lo que es una auténtica democracia, contrastándola con los procesos que se han vivido en América Latina, especialmente desde la Guerra Fría y la globalización. Se trata de un recorrido que nos hemos propuesto presentar desde la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia, pues sus documentos no solo reﬂejan la realidad de la región, sino que también aportan elementos de juicio para la transformación social, mostrándose críticos frente a algunos aspectos, pero también esperanzadores al recordar el sentido de la comunidad política.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS año 15, No.31, Junio-Diciembre de 2017, pp.35-53
Influence of Cognitive Factors on Self-Employment Intention Among Students in Technical, Vocational Education and Training in Kenya
Authors: Kahando David Maina , Mungai Esther Nyambura
Published: August 2018

Entrepreneurship has been identified as a crucial activity for economic growth and employment generation worldwide. However, this has not been effective in most developing countries, Kenya as an example, has a high rate of unemployment among the young graduates emerging from universities and tertiary institutions. One of the government challenges is transforming the mindset of students to venture into business rather than seeking employments. This study thus examined the relationship between cognitive factors, entrepreneurship education and how these variables influence self-employment intentions among Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Kenya. The study objectives were to determine the influence of cognitive factors and the moderating effect of entrepreneurship education on students’ self-employment intentions. The study adopted a survey research design. Self-administered questionnaire was developed and administered to 400 diploma engineering finalist sampled from 41 public Institutions spread in five geographical regions in the country using multistage and simple random sampling approach. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Pearson’s Coefficient Correlation was used to examine reliability of data. Factor analysis was conducted to investigate the internal structure among the set of variables. Multiple linear regressions analysis was used to examine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between cognitive factors and self-employment intention. The results also showed that entrepreneurship education enhances cognitive factors and thus strongly influence self-employment intentions.
Non-Parametric Test Analysis for the Questionnaire Investigation on the High School Teachers’ Work Load
Authors: Ishii Yasuo , Takeyasu Daisuke , Oyanagi Tatsuya , Takeyasu Kazuhiro
Published: August 2018

High School teachers in Japan are sending very busy days on their daily works including teaching, support for the club activities and deskwork. Among them, they share a lot of time for managing the club actives of students compared with other countries. In that area, professionals can make instruction much better than teachers for the special sports like Judo and Kendo (Japanese fencing) etc. School Social Worker can coordinate the professionals out of school and can help teachers by decreasing their burden on that area. There are few related papers concerning the support of club activities by utilizing the professionals outside. In this paper, a questionnaire investigation is executed to the five High Schools at Miyagi Prefecture in Japan in order to clarify their current condition and their consciousness, and to seek the possibility of utilizing school social worker for their support. Fundamental statistical analysis and Non-Parametric Test Analysis are performed. As for Q2”Consciousness for the daily works” and its related analysis, Null Hypotheses were rejected for 6 cases out of 60. As for Q3”Consciousness for guiding the club activities” and its related analysis, Null Hypotheses were rejected for 5 cases out of 48. Various cases should be investigated here after.
Human Capital Investment Model Based on Outsourcing Human Resources in Banking Industries
Authors: Widodo Widodo , Hindah Pudjiastuti Sri , Bomber SU Joko
Published: August 2018

This article examines the human resource investment model based on outsourcing human resources in the Banking Industry. This study departs from the research gap, that is outsourcing system, where with this system, the company can save expenses in financing human resources (HR) working in the company concerned. However stated that the banking industry no more uses outsourced personnel in boosting the wheels of business. The complexity of the banking industry makes demands on the availability of high quality human resources (HR) increase. The findings of this study emphasized that in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of outsourcing based human resources on human resources investment is carried out by increasing the Human Resources (HR) cost efficiency. HR cost efficiency has indicators of the number of work completion with the time used is shorter than its standard, increasing the number of work completion with shorter time than its standard. And more completions work with standard time. While HR investment has the indicators of potential human resources as: developing, potential of HR excellence and quality of knowledge.
Élaboration d’une épreuve de compréhension en lecture en 6e année du primaire favorisant l’articulation enseignement-apprentissage-évaluation
Authors: Turcotte Catherine , Talbot Nadine
Published: August 2018

Peu d’épreuves de compréhension en lecture peuvent informer les enseignants de la 6e année du primaire à l’égard des connaissances et habiletés des élèves, mais aussi de leurs besoins d’apprentissage. L’objectif de cet article est donc de présenter l’élaboration et la pertinence d’une épreuve qui s’appuie sur des modèles théoriques de la compréhension en lecture et qui a suivi les étapes de conception d’un test suggérées par DeVellis (2003). Les étapes parcourues pour concevoir cette épreuve sont décrites dans cet article, en plus de la détermination de ses qualités psychométriques et de son potentiel pour évaluer la compréhension en lecture selon des processus précis.
Une théorie des seuils psychométriques à double contrôle d’erreur – Partie III : les applications illustrées
Authors: Laurencelle Louis
Published: August 2018

L’interprétation et la décision psychométriques reposent toutes deux sur la confrontation entre le score obtenu par le répondant et la norme (ou l’échelle normative) par laquelle on veut le situer dans la population de référence. Cette confrontation déborde le seul domaine de la psychométrie pour intéresser la docimologie, le testing médical, le contrôle de qualité. Or, dans bien des cas, la mesure individuelle est marquée d’une « erreur de mesure », de même que la norme à appliquer est incertaine parce que basée sur un simple échantillon de la population ciblée. Les parties I et II (Laurencelle 2015, 2016a) de cette série d’articles ont permis d’identifier explicitement ce problème et d’en proposer des procédures de solution exactes et approximatives. Cette troisième partie, axée davantage sur la pratique, récapitule la théorie et présente surtout une série d’exemples travaillés qui pourront servir de modèles de solution aux intéressés, tout en illustrant diverses applications de la théorie.
Multiple Sclerosis at Home Access (MAHA)
Authors: Healey Kathleen , Zabad Rana , Young Lufei , Lindner Aubrie , Lenz Nancy , Stewart Renee , Charlton Mary
Published: August 2018

Background:

Caring for individuals with progressive, disabling forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) presents ongoing, complex challenges in health care delivery, especially access to care. Although mobility limitations represent a major hurdle to accessing comprehensive and coordinated care, fragmentation in current models of health care delivery magnify the problem. Importantly, individuals with disabling forms of MS are exceedingly likely to develop preventable secondary complications and to incur significant suffering and increased health care utilization and costs.

Methods:

A house call program, Multiple Sclerosis at Home Access (MAHA), was implemented. The program was designed to provide comprehensive services and prevent common complications. Key aspects included monthly house calls, continuity among providers, and a multidisciplinary team led by a comprehensivist, a provider bridging subspecialty and primary care. A total of 21 adult patients (Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≥7.5) completed 1 full year of the program.

Results:

During the 2-year preevaluation and postevaluation period, half of the hospital admissions were related to secondary and generally preventable complications. Aside from a single outlying individual important to the evaluation, in the year after program implementation, decreases were found in number of individuals hospitalized, hospitalizations/skilled facility admissions, and hospital days; the total number of overall emergency department (ED) visits decreased; and ED-only visits increased (ie, ED visits without hospital admission). Patient satisfaction reports and quality indicators were positive. Fifty percent of patients participated in supplementary televisits.

Conclusions:

This program evaluation suggests that a house call–based practice is a viable solution for improving care delivery for patients with advanced MS and disability.
Pharmacologic ATF6 activating compounds are metabolically activated to selectively modify endoplasmic reticulum proteins
Authors: Paxman Ryan , Plate Lars , Blackwood Erik A , Glembotski Chris , Powers Evan T , Wiseman R Luke , Kelly Jeffery W
Published: August 2018

Pharmacologic arm-selective unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway activation is emerging as a promising strategy to ameliorate imbalances in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis implicated in diverse diseases. The small molecule N-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide (147) was previously identified (Plate et al., 2016) to preferentially activate the ATF6 arm of the UPR, promoting protective remodeling of the ER proteostasis network. Here we show that 147-dependent ATF6 activation requires metabolic oxidation to form an electrophile that preferentially reacts with ER proteins. Proteins covalently modified by 147 include protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), known to regulate ATF6 activation. Genetic depletion of PDIs perturbs 147-dependent induction of the ATF6-target gene, BiP, implicating covalent modifications of PDIs in the preferential activation of ATF6 afforded by treatment with 147. Thus, 147 is a pro-drug that preferentially activates ATF6 signaling through a mechanism involving localized metabolic activation and selective covalent modification of ER resident proteins that regulate ATF6 activity.
Evidence of acclimatization or adaptation in Hawaiian corals to higher ocean temperatures
Authors: Coles Steve L. , Bahr Keisha D. , Rodgers Ku’ulei S. , May Stacie L. , McGowan Ashley E. , Tsang Anita , Bumgarner Josh , Han Ji Hoon
Published: August 2018

Ocean temperatures have been accelerating at an alarming rate mainly due to anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions. This has led to an increase in the severity and duration of coral bleaching events. Predicted projections for the state of reefs do not take into account the rates of adaptation or acclimatization of corals as these have not as yet been fully documented. To determine any possible changes in thermal tolerances, manipulative experiments were conducted to precisely replicate the initial, pivotal research defining threshold temperatures of corals nearly five decades ago. Statistically higher calcification rates, survivorship, and lower mortality were observed inMontipora capitata, Pocillopora damicornis, andLobactis scutariain the present study at 31 °C compared to the original 1970 findings. First whole colony mortality was also observed to occur sooner in 1970 than in 2017 inM. capitata(3 d vs. 15 d respectively),L. scutaria(3 d vs. 17 d), and inP. damicornis(3 d vs. 13 d). Additionally, bleaching occurred sooner in 1970 compared to the 2017 experiment across species. Irradiance was an important factor during the recovery period for mortality but did not significantly alter calcification. Mortality was decreased by 17% with a 50% reduction in irradiance during the recovery period. These findings provide the first evidence of coral acclimatization or adaptation to increasing ocean temperatures for corals collected from the same location and using close replication of the experiment conducted nearly 50 years earlier. An important factor in this increased resistance to elevated temperature may be related to removal of the discharge of treated sewage into Kāne‘ohe Bay and resulting decrease in nitrification and eutrophication. However, this level of increased temperature tolerance may not be occurring rapidly enough to escape the projected increased intensity of bleaching events, as evidenced by the recent 2014 and 2015 high coral mortality in Hawai‘i (34%) and in the tropics worldwide.
Distribution and population structure in the naked gobyGobiosoma bosc(Perciformes: Gobiidae) along a salinity gradient in two western Atlantic estuaries
Authors: Moore Christopher S. , Ruocchio Matthew J. , Blakeslee April M.H.
Published: August 2018

Many species of fish produce larvae that undergo a prolonged dispersal phase. However, evidence from a number of recent studies on demersal fishes suggests that the dispersal of propagules may not be strongly correlated with gene flow. Instead, other factors like larval behavior and the availability of preferred settlement habitat may be more important to maintaining population structure. We used an ecologically important benthic fish species,Gobiosoma bosc(naked goby), to investigate local and regional scale population structure and gene flow along a salinity gradient (∼3 ppt to ∼18 ppt) in two North Carolina estuaries.G. boscis an abundant and geographically widespread species that requires complex but patchy microhabitat (e.g. oyster reefs, rubble, woody debris) for reproduction and refuge. We sequenced 155 fish from 10 sites, using a common barcoding gene (COI). We also included recent sequence data from GenBank to determine how North Carolina populations fit into the larger biogeographic understanding of this species. In North Carolina, we found a significant amount of gene flow within and between estuaries. Our analysis also showed high predicted genetic diversity based upon a large number of rare haplotypes found within many of our sampled populations. Moreover, we detected a number of new haplotypes in North Carolina that had not yet been observed in prior work. Sampling along a salinity gradient did not reveal any significant positive or negative correlations between salinity and genetic diversity, nor the proportion of singleton haplotypes, with the exception of a positive correlation between salinity standard deviation and genetic diversity. We also found evidence that an introduced European population of naked gobies may have originated from an Atlantic source population. Altogether, this system offers a compelling way to evaluate whether factors other than dispersal per se mediate recruitment in an estuarine-dependent species of fish with a larval dispersal phase. It also demonstrates the importance of exploring both smaller and larger scale population structure in marine organisms to better understand local and regional patterns of population connectivity and gene flow.
Structural characterization of the hypothetical protein Lpg2622, a new member of the C1 family peptidases from Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Gong Xiaojian , Zhao Xiaolei , Zhang Wei , Wang Jinzhao , Chen Xiaofang , Hameed Muhammad Fazal , Zhang Nannan , Ge Honghua
Published: August 2018

The Legionella pneumophila type II secretion system can promote bacterial growth under a wide variety of conditions and mediates the secretion of more than 25 proteins, including the uncharacterized effector Lpg2622. Here, we determined the crystal structures of apo‐Lpg2622 and Lpg2622 in complex with the cysteine protease inhibitor E64. Structural analysis suggests that Lpg2622 belongs to the C1 family peptidases. Interestingly, unlike the other structurally resolved papain‐like cysteine proteases, the propeptide of Lpg2622 forms a novel super‐secondary structural fold (hairpin‐turn‐helix) and can be categorized into a new group. In addition, the N‐terminal β‐sheet of the Lpg2622 propeptide plays a regulatory role on enzymatic activity. This study enhances our understanding of the classification and regulatory mechanisms of the C1 family peptidases.
The neoglycolipid (NGL) technology‐based microarrays and future prospects
Authors: Li Zhen , Feizi Ten
Published: August 2018

The neoglycolipid (NGL) technology is the basis of a state‐of‐the‐art oligosaccharide microarray system, which we offer for screening analyses to the broad scientific community. We review here the sequential development of the technology and its power in pinpointing and isolating naturally occurring ligands for glycan‐binding proteins (GBPs) within glycan populations. We highlight our Designer Array approach and Beam Search Array approach for generating natural glycome arrays to identify novel ligands of biological relevance. These two microarray approaches have been applied for assignments of ligands or antigens on glucan polysaccharides for effector proteins of the immune system (Dectin‐1, DC‐SIGN and DC‐SIGNR) and carbohydrate‐binding modules (CBMs) on bacterial hydrolases. We also discuss here the more recent applications to elucidate the structure of a prostate cancer‐ associated antigen F77 and identify ligands for adhesins of two rotaviruses, P[10] and P[19], expressed on an epithelial mucin glycoprotein.
Quality assurance tests for the Gamma Knife® Icon™ image guidance system
Authors: AlDahlawi Ismail , Prasad Dheerendra , Podgorsak Matthew B.
Published: August 2018

Introduction

The Gamma Knife® Icon™ comes with an image guidance system for tracking patient motion and correcting for inter‐ and intrafractional shifts, mainly used with frameless thermoplastic immobilization. The system consists of a cone‐beam CT (CBCT) and a couch‐mounted infrared camera (IFMM). We report our quality assurance program for Icon's image guidance system.

Methods

The manufacturer‐provided tool is used for daily checks of CBCT positional precision. Catphan® phantom is used for monthly checks of CBCT image qualities (uniformity, contrast to noise ratio (CNR), and spatial resolution) for the two acquisition presets (low‐dose and high‐quality presets). On a semi‐annual schedule, we use a frame tool to check the agreement of CBCT‐based and Frame‐based stereotactic space coordinates by comparing the locations of five attached ball bearings in CT‐sim scans (Frame‐based coordinates determination) and in Icon's CBCT scans. On an annual basis, the accuracy of IFMM, image registration, and delivery‐after‐shift are tested using a translational stage. A weighted CT dose index is measured annually with a pencil chamber in CTDI head phantom.

Results

The CBCT precision check: 0.12 ± 0.04 mm (maximum deviations average). CBCT image quality: spatial resolution range: [6,7] lp/cm (low), and [7,8] lp/cm (high); uniformity: 12.82 ± 0.69% (low), and 13.01 ± 0.69% (high); CNR: 1.07 ± 0.08 (low), and 1.69 ± 0.10 (high). Agreement of CBCT‐based with Frame‐based stereotactic coordinates range: [0.33, 0.66] mm. Accuracy of IFMM: 0.00 ± 0.12 mm (average) with 0.27 mm (max.); image registration: 0.03 ± 0.06 mm (average) with 0.23 mm (max.); and delivery‐after‐shift: 0.24 ± 0.09 mm (average) with 0.42 mm (max.). CTDIw: 2.3 mGy (low), and 5.7 mGy (high).

Conclusions

The manufacturer‐required QA checks together with additional user‐defined checks are an important combination for a robust quality assurance program ensuring the safe use of Gamma Knife® Icon™'s image guidance and motion management features.
Online daily assessment of dose change in head and neck radiotherapy without dose‐recalculation
Authors: Vickress Jason R. , Battista Jerry , Barnett Rob , Yartsev Slav
Published: August 2018

Background

Head and neck cancers are commonly treated with radiation therapy, but due to possible volume changes, plan adaptation may be required during the course of treatment. Currently, plan adaptations consume significant clinical resources. Existing methods to evaluate the need for plan adaptation requires deformable image registration (DIR) to a new CT simulation or daily cone beam CT (CBCT) images and the recalculation of the dose distribution. In this study, we explore a tool to assist the decision for plan adaptation using a CBCT without re‐computation of dose, allowing for rapid online assessment.

Methods

This study involved 18 head and neck cancer patients treated with CBCT image guidance who had their treatment plan modified based on a new CT simulation (ReCT). Dose changes were estimated using different methods and compared to the current gold standard of using DIR between the planning CT scan (PCT) and ReCT with recomputed dose. The first and second methods used DIR between the PCT and daily CBCT with the planned dose or recalculated dose from the ReCT respectively, with the dose transferred to the CBCT using rigid registration. The necessity of plan adaptation was assessed by the change in dose to 95% of the planning target volume (D95) and mean dose to the parotids.

Results

The treatment plans were adapted clinically for all 18 patients but only 7 actually needed an adaptation yielding 11 unnecessary adaptations. Applying a method using the daily CBCT with the planned dose distribution would have yielded only four unnecessary adaptations and no missed adaptations: a significant improvement from that done clinically.

Conclusion

Using the DIR between the planning CT and daily CBCT can flag cases for plan adaptation before every fraction while not requiring a new re‐planning CT scan and dose recalculation.
Spiderweb‐Mimicking Anion‐Exchanging Separators for Li–S Batteries
Authors: Lee Yong‐Hyeok , Kim Jung‐Hwan , Kim Jeong‐Hoon , Yoo Jong‐Tae , Lee Sang‐Young
Published: August 2018

Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have garnered considerable interest as a promising alternative to current state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries. However, the shuttle effect poses a formidable challenge to development of Li‐S batteries. Considering that all ions in electrolytes move through separators between electrodes, significant attention should be paid to separators to prevent the shuttle effect. Here, a new class of spiderweb‐mimicking, anion‐exchanging separators based on polyionic liquids (“spiderweb separators”) is demonstrated to address the aforementioned issue. The spiderweb separator consists of sandwich‐type functional nanomats (top/bottom layers = multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐wrapped polyetherimide nanomats, middle layer = poly(1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PVIm[TFSI], polyionic liquid)/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF‐HFP) nanomat) on polyethylene separator. The middle nanomat layer enables (discharge voltage‐dependent) reversible trap/release of polysulfides via an anion exchange reaction between TFSI−anions (from PVIm[TFSI]) and polysulfides. The top/bottom nanomat layers respectively act as an upper current collector and a blocking layer to prevent crossover of polysulfides to Li anodes. Driven by its unique morphology and chemical functionalities, the spiderweb separator prevents the shuttle effect while ensuring facile ion transport, leading to exceptional improvement in the electrochemical performance (capacity = 819 mAh g−1 and cycling retention = 72% (at 2.0 C/2.0 C) after 300 cycles) of Li‐S batteries.
Rational Design of Nanoparticles with Deep Tumor Penetration for Effective Treatment of Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Zhang Zhiwen , Wang Hong , Tan Tao , Li Jie , Wang Zhiwan , Li Yaping
Published: August 2018

The limited penetration of nanoparticles in primary tumors and metastases remains a great challenge for effective treatment of tumor metastasis. This review outlines the current approaches and summarizes the rational design of nanoparticles with deep tumor penetration capacity for anti‐metastasis treatment. There are two ways to achieve better tumor penetration; through rational regulation of the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and through remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, including the tumor vasculature and stromal environment. Moreover, biomimetic strategies that integrate the advantages of nanoparticles and metastasis‐homing molecules during cancer cell metastasis are discussed. These efforts have led to promising results in facilitating intratumoral permeation of various nanoparticles to enhance antitumor effects. The considerations and some feasible future directions for deep tumor penetration strategies are proposed to improve tumor metastasis therapies.