bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Principles in Pathology: Existing Problem Areas and the Development of “Quality” Practice Patterns
Authors: Wick Mark R. , Marchevsky Alberto M.
Published: October 2011

Context.—Contrary to the intuitive impressions of many pathologists, several areas exist in laboratory medicine where evidence-based medicine (EBM) principles are not applied. These include aspects of both anatomic and clinical pathology. Some non-EBM practices are perpetuated by clinical “consumers” of laboratory services because of inadequate education, habit, or overreliance on empirical factors. Other faulty procedures are driven by pathologists themselves.

Objectives.—To consider (1) several selected problem areas representing non-EBM practices in laboratory medicine; such examples include ideas and techniques that concern metastatic malignancies, “targeted” oncologic therapy, general laboratory testing and data utilization, evaluation of selected coagulation defects, administration of blood products, and analysis of hepatic iron-overload syndromes; and (2) EBM principles as methods for remediation of deficiencies in hospital pathology, and implements for the construction of “quality” practices in our specialty.

Data Sources.—Current English literature relating to evidence-based principles in pathology and laboratory medicine, as well as the authors' experience.

Conclusions.—Evidence-based medicine holds the promise of optimizing laboratory services to produce “quality” practices in pathology. It will also be a key to restraining the overall cost of health care.
Quality in Surgical Pathology Communication and Reporting
Authors: Nakhleh Raouf E.
Published: October 2011

Context.—Communication in surgical pathology is complex and includes multiple facets.

Objective.—To discuss different aspects of pathology practice that represent quality communication in surgical pathology.

Data Sources.—Literature review.

Conclusions.—Achieving quality communication in surgical pathology is dependent on pathologists addressing multiple situations including managing physicians' expectations for turnaround time and ancillary testing, understanding what information is needed to manage the patient at intraoperative consultation and in the final report, assuring adequate report content with the use of synoptic checklist reports, and using report formatting suggestions that aid report comprehension. Finally, the pathologists' availability to answer questions and discuss cases is an important factor in effective communication, including their willingness to verbally report urgent and significant unexpected diagnoses to ensure that important diagnoses are not overlooked.
Patrick Chamoiseau
Authors: McCusker Maeve
Published: October 2011

Now available in paperback, this acclaimed book skilfully examines the work of the award-winning writer Patrick Chamoiseau. Considered by many as one of the most innovative writers to hit the French literary scene in over 40 years, Chamoiseau made his name with his book Texaco (published in 1992 and winner of the highest literary prize in France, the Prix Goncourt). His books have gone on to sell millions and his work has been translated by a number of academic presses. McCusker sets the author in context, providing a valuable contribution to memory studies by looking at literary representation of memory in Martinique, a society founded on slavery but now politically assimilated to the metropolitan centre, France.
With ethics concerns rising again, NAATP seeks to guide young leaders
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2024

Recent studies out of Canada offer warning signs about the dangers of increased access to legal cannabis in the population. The newest report, published last month in JAMA Internal Medicine, showed that emergency department (ED) visits for cannabis poisoning in older adults climbed as cannabis became increasingly accessible in the legal market.
Generative Lattice Units with 3D Diffusion for Inverse Design: GLU3D
Authors: Jadhav Yayati , Berthel Joeseph , Hu Chunshan , Panat Rahul , Beuth Jack , Barati Farimani Amir
Published: June 2024

Architected materials, exhibiting unique mechanical properties derived from their designs, have seen significant growth due to the design versatility and cost‐effectiveness offered by additive manufacturing. While finite element methods accurately evaluate the mechanical response of these structures, identifying new designs exhibiting specific mechanical properties remains challenging, often requiring computationally expensive simulations and design expertise. This underscores the need for a framework that generates structures based on desired mechanical properties without requiring expert input. In this work, a novel denoising diffusion‐based model is presented that generates complex lattice unit cell structures based on desired mechanical properties, manufacturable via additive techniques. The proposed framework generates unique lattice unit cell structures in the implicit domain which can be easily converted to mesh structures for fabrication and voxel structures for structural analysis. The proposed model accelerates the design process by generating unique structures with both isotropic and anisotropic stiffness, outperforming traditional unit cells like simple cubic and body‐centered‐cubic in energy absorption and compression load at lower densities. Additionally, this work explores a new class of hybrid structures, derived by combining multiple configurations of triply periodic minimal surface structures using non‐linear transition functions, which may offer equivalent or enhanced strength compared to conventional designs.
Spatially Separated Electron Donor‐Acceptor Dual Single‐Atom Sites Coordinating Selective Generation of Hydroxyl Radicals via Fenton‐Like Catalysis
Authors: Fu Haoyang , Chen Guoliang , Zhang Jianghong , Chen Yujing , Chen Xi , Li Yu , Sun Yongyang , Min Benzhi , Wang Shaobin , Wu Xi‐Lin , Duan Xiaoguang
Published: June 2024

Heterogeneous Fenton catalysis offers a promising alternative to traditional Fenton oxidation for water treatment as its wider operating pH range and high cyclic performance. However, designing catalysts that can activate H2O2 both actively and selectively to mineralize refractory pollutants remains challenging. Here, a state‐of‐the‐art design principle of constructing spatially separated Fe‐M (M denotes an oxophilic first‐row transition metal) dual single‐atom sites is developed for Fenton‐like catalysis. This strategy enables accelerated redox cycles between the dual metal centers, leading to precise manipulation of Fe···O‐O···M intermediate in H2O2 activation. This, in turn, aids the homolytic decomposition of H2O2 toward selective and efficient •OH generation. Taking Fe‐Cu pairs as an example, the constructed dual sites outperform the individual Fe or Cu sites, demonstrating a higher activation selectivity (94%) for •OH production. Further benefitting from the electronic communications between Fe (electron acceptor) and Cu (electron donor), the SA‐Fe‐Cu‐CN catalyst exhibited an effective H2O2 decomposition with 0.94 mm of •OH yielded within 50 min. Compared to the typical homogeneous system, the SA‐Fe‐Cu‐CN/H2O2 system has higher mineralization capacities toward refractory pollutants and greater pH tolerance. The work provides a new strategy for the design of robust catalysts by creating spatially separated dual single‐atom sites toward multi‐reactant systems.
Multifunctional Dopamine‐Based Hydrogel Microneedle Electrode for Continuous Ketone Sensing
Authors: Ausri Irfani Rahmi , Sadeghzadeh Sadegh , Biswas Subhamoy , Zheng Hanjia , GhavamiNejad Peyman , Huynh Michelle Dieu Thao , Keyvani Fatemeh , Shirzadi Erfan , Rahman Fasih A , Quadrilatero Joe , GhavamiNejad Amin , Poudineh Mahla
Published: June 2024

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a severe complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D), is triggered by production of large quantities of ketone bodies, requiring patients with T1D to constantly monitor their ketone levels. Here, a skin‐compatible hydrogel microneedle (HMN)‐continuous ketone monitoring (HMN‐CKM) device is reported. The sensing mechanism relies on the catechol–quinone chemistry inherent to the dopamine (DA) molecules that are covalently linked to the polymer structure of the HMN patch. The DA serves the dual‐purpose of acting as a redox mediator for measuring the byproduct of oxidation of 3‐beta‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐HB), the primary ketone bodies; while, also facilitating the formation of a crosslinked HMN patch. A universal approach involving pre‐oxidation and detection of the generated catechol compounds is introduced to correlate the sensor response to the β‐HB concentrations. It is further shown that real‐time tracking of a decrease in ketone levels of T1D rat model is possible using the HMN‐CKM device, in conjunction with a data‐driven machine learning model that considers potential time delays.
Aerogel‐Involved Triple‐State Gels Resemble Natural Living Leaves in Structure and Multi‐Functions
Authors: Zhou Ming , Sheng Zhizhi , Ji Guangbin , Zhang Xuetong
Published: June 2024

Natural plant leaves with multiple functions, for example, spectral features, transpiration, photosynthesis, etc., have played a significant role in the ecosystem, and artificial synthesis of plant leaves with multiple functions of natural ones is still a great challenge. Herein, this work presents an aerogel‐involved living leaf (AL), most similar to natural ones so far, by embedding super‐hydrophobic SiO2 aerogel microparticles in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel in the presence of hygroscopic salt and chlorophyllin copper sodium to form solid‐liquid‐vapor triple‐state gel. The AL shows a high spectral similarity with all sampled 15 species of natural leaves and exhibits ≈4–7 times transpiration speed higher than natural leaves. More importantly, AL can achieve several times higher photosynthesis than natural leaves without the energy provided by the respiratory action of natural ones. This work demonstrates the feasibility of creating ALs with natural leaf‐like triple‐state gel structures and multiple functions, opening up new avenues for energy conversion, environmental engineering, and biomimetic applications.
Rapid One‐Step Synthesis of Robust Double Perovskite La2MgGeO6‐Based Materials for Light Conversion
Authors: Zhang Jiaping , Li Yukun , Lin Hengwei , Poelman Dirk , Du Jiaren
Published: June 2024

Persistent luminescence (PersL) materials attract extensive interest in the scientific community nowadays due to their great potential in various fields, such as night‐vision signage, high‐level anticounterfeiting, in vivo bioimaging, and X‐ray extension imaging. However, the majority of PersL materials are synthesized by time‐ and energy‐consuming processes such as high‐temperature solid‐state reactions or hydrothermal synthesis. In this work, a rapid one‐step microwave‐assisted solid state (MASS) synthesis of La2MgGeO6‐based robust double perovskite PersL material is successfully achieved, without any secondary thermal treatment, which limits the total synthesis time to 30 min. Furthermore, this MASS approach is also employed to integrate multimodal luminescence into one single La2MgGeO6 matrix with triple dopants (Mn4+, Yb3+, and Er3+) for light conversion. Impressively, multimodal and multicolor luminescence is obtained with different responsiveness of external stimulations. Notably, the energy transfer among different trapping levels is observed upon photo‐stimulation. This work provides a good example of the feasibility of MASS method to prepare luminescent materials with abundant optical features in an efficient, sustainable, environmentally friendly, and easily manageable way.
Transfer of Micro‐LEDs with Roll‐Based Direct Overlay Alignment for Manufacturing Transparent Displays
Authors: Yoon Sung‐Uk , Hwangbo Yun , Jang Bongkyun , Kim Hyeon‐Don , Kim Jae‐Hyun
Published: June 2024

Transparent displays are crucial for various applications, particularly for their potential use as windows in future self‐driving cars. These displays require high transparency, low power consumption, and high mechanical reliability. Micro‐LEDs have emerged as ideal devices for the transparent displays. Efficient mass‐production processes are essential for the commercialization of transparent micro‐LED displays. This study presents roll‐based mass transfer to enhance the productivity of transparent micro‐LED displays. Roll transfer processes traditionally face resolution challenges in alignment repeatability and positional errors in both the transverse direction (TD) and machine direction (MD). This study proposes a roll‐to‐plate (R2P) transfer process with overlay alignment to improve the repeatability precision of the alignment. Detailed experimental analyses address positional errors in the TD and MD, attributed to initial contact errors and linear velocity asynchrony, respectively. The results demonstrate successful micro‐LED transfer onto a transparent circuit board (TCB) with a maximum positional error of 3.2 µm and a 99.75% yield. The resulting micro‐LED display achieves a transparency of 72.5% with 68 pixels per inch. This study overcomes the alignment challenges in the R2P process and contributes to the commercialization of transparent micro‐LED displays. It is expected to positively impact the manufacturing of transparent applications that involve rolling processes.
A Hybrid Biofuel Cell with High Power and Operational Stability Using Electron Transfer‐Intensified Mediators and Multi‐Interaction Assembly
Authors: Jang Younjun , Seo Tae‐Won , Pak Junha , Park Moon Kyu , Ahn Jeongyeon , Jin Gee Chan , Lee Seung Woo , Chung Yoon Jang , Choi Young‐Bong , Kwon Cheong Hoon , Cho Jinhan
Published: June 2024

Biofuel cells (BFCs) offer an eco‐friendly route to convert biochemical energy into electricity. However, their performance is hindered by insufficient enzyme immobilization as well as limited electron transfer within the enzymatic electrode. While the incorporation of redox mediators (RMs) into enzyme layers has been shown to improve BFC performance through enhanced electron transfer, progress has plateaued in the last decade. Herein, a major breakthrough is presented realized by a novel strategy that exploits electron transfer‐intensified RM layers. Metal nanoparticles covalently bridged between neighboring RMs facilitate electron transfer ubiquitously. Electron transfer characteristics are enhanced not only within the RM layers themselves, but also at the glucose oxidase (GOx)/host electrode and GOx/GOx interfaces. This leads to a remarkable performance boost in the enzymatic anode. A hybrid BFC constructed with innovative anode and Pt‐based cathode exhibits a striking combination of high power output (2.3 and 8.5 mW cm−2 at 10 and 300 mmol L−1 glucose, respectively) and exceptional operational stability (≈80% and 47% power retention after 10 days and 1 month, respectively), outperforming all previously reported BFCs by a significant margin.
CFD modeling and numerical simulation of an industrial adsorption process
Authors: Esposito Flora , Cardenas Cristian , Latifi Abderrazak M. , Marsteau Stéphanie
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the model performance of an industrial box used to remove ammonia from the air using a doped activated carbon. To this end, process models are developed and experimental measurements are carried out. The models are based on momentum and mass balance equations along with thermodynamic, hydrodynamic and adsorption kinetic relations. The measurements consist of pressure drops in the air purification box and breakthrough curves of ammonia on activated carbon. The models are implemented and solved using COMSOL Multiphysics®. Adsorption is investigated by means of a Fickian multi‐scale model, which demonstrated to efficiently predict the experimental data. The optimal values of the most estimable unknown parameters involved in each model, as well as their confidence intervals are determined from experimental measurements. The performance of the industrial air purification model is rigorously assessed using statistical criteria, including mean‐square error (RMSE = 0.0013) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.999).
Ion Current Rectification Activity Induced by Boron Hydride Nanosheets to Enhance Magnesium Analgesia
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Qi Qi , Jiang Yaqin , Zhao Peiran , Chen Lijie , Ma Xiaqing , Shi Yuhan , Xu Jianxun , Li Jinjin , Chen Feixiang , Chen Jian , Zhang Le , Wu Yelin , Jiang Xingwu , Jin Dayong , Xu Tao , Bu Wenbo
Published: June 2024

The limited analgesic efficiency of magnesium restricts its application in pain management. Here, we report boron hydride (BH) with ion currents rectification activity that can enhance the analgesic efficiency of magnesium without the risks of drug tolerance or addiction. We synthesize MgB2, comprising hexagonal boron sheets alternating with Mg2+. In pathological environment, Mg2+ is exchanged by H+, forming two‐dimensional borophene‐analogue BH sheets. BH interacts with the charged cations via cation‐pi interaction, leading to dynamic modulation of sodium and potassium ion currents around neurons. Additionally, released Mg2+ competes Ca2+ to inhibit its influx and neuronal excitation. In vitro cultured dorsal root neurons show a remarkable increase in threshold potential from the normal −35.9 mV to −5.9 mV after the addition of MgB2, indicating potent analgesic effect. In three typical pain models, including CFA‐induced inflammatory pain, CINP‐ or CCI‐induced neuropathic pain, MgB2 exhibits analgesic efficiency approximately 2.23, 3.20, and 2.0 times higher than clinical MgSO4, respectively, and even about 1.04, 1.66, and 1.95 times higher than morphine, respectively. The development of magnesium based intermetallic compounds holds promise in addressing the non‐opioid medical need for pain relief.
Continuous Transformation from Membrane‐Less Coacervates to Membranized Coacervates and Giant Vesicles: Toward Multicompartmental Protocells with Complex (Membrane) Architectures
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhang Kehu , Moreno Silvia , Temme Achim , Voit Brigitte , Appelhans Dietmar
Published: June 2024

The membranization of membrane‐less coacervates paves the way for the exploitation of complex protocells with regard to structural and cell‐like functional behaviors. However, the controlled transformation from membranized coacervates to vesicles remains a challenge. This can provide stable (multi)phase and (multi)compartmental architectures through the reconfiguration of coacervate droplets in the presence of (bioactive) polymers, bio(macro)molecules and/or nanoobjects. Herein, we present a continuous protocell transformation from membrane‐less coacervates to membranized coacervates and, ultimately, to giant hybrid vesicles. This transformation process is orchestrated by altering the balance of non‐covalent interactions through varying concentrations of an anionic terpolymer, leading to dynamic processes such as spontaneous membranization of terpolymer nanoparticles at the coacervate surface, disassembly of the coacervate phase mediated by the excess anionic charge, and the redistribution of coacervate components in membrane. The diverse protocells during the transformation course provide distinct structural features and molecular permeability. Notably, the introduction of multiphase coacervates in this continuous transformation process signifies advancements toward the creation of synthetic cells with different diffusible compartments. Our findings emphasize the highly controlled continuous structural reorganization of coacervate protocells and represents a novel step toward the development of advanced and sophisticated synthetic protocells with more precise compositions and complex (membrane) structures.
Distributed optimization algorithm for multi‐agent networks with lazy gradient information
Authors: Mo Lipo , Yang Yang , Huang Xiankai
Published: June 2024

Based on the so‐called lazy gradient information, this note proposes two communication‐reduced distributed optimization algorithms over undirected multi‐agent networks. The lazy gradients refer to some gradients that do not change much in the past iterations and thus may not be distributed among agents which correspondingly reduces the communication load in the networks. For both the deterministic and the stochastic frameworks, the asymptotic properties of the distributed optimization algorithms are established. Compared with the existing literature using the lazy gradient information, the proposed algorithms in the paper are fully distributed and more suitable for the situation of decentralized multi‐agent networks. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is also testified through numerical simulations.
Facilitating active learning of sectional anatomy with technology‐enhanced small‐group tasks: Assessment of knowledge gains, technology usability, and students' perceptions
Authors: Fonseca Guilherme R. B. C. , Tipoe George L. , Ganotice Fraide A.
Published: June 2024

Learning 2D sectional anatomy facilitates the comprehension of 3D anatomical structures, anatomical relationships, and radiological anatomy. However, the efficacy of technology‐enhanced collaborative instructional activities in sectional anatomy remains unclear, especially if theoretical frameworks, namely the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML), are applied in instructional design. Thus, this study compared the educational impact of distinct 45‐min‐long technology‐enhanced collaborative learning tasks in sectional anatomy. A sample of 115 first‐year medical students was randomly divided into three experimental groups that used different supporting technologies to learn the sectional anatomy of the chest: IMAIOS e‐learning platform and Microsoft Surface Hub (n = 37); anatomage table (n = 38); anatomage table with CTML‐based presets (n = 40). Prelearning and postlearning tests revealed that significant knowledge gains in sectional anatomy were obtained by all groups even though no inter‐group differences were found. Moreover, a five‐point Likert scale questionnaire showed that the learning session was highly valued by all participants and that users of the anatomage with CTML‐based presets reported higher enjoyment than users of the IMAIOS system (mean difference = 0.400; p = 0.037). In addition, students using the IMAIOS system and the anatomage with CTML‐based presets provided System Usability Scale (SUS) scores of 67.64 and 67.69, respectively, reaching the benchmark of usability. By contrast, students using the anatomage table without presets awarded a SUS score of 64.14. These results suggest that the integration of multimedia technologies in anatomy teaching and learning should be grounded on CTML principles of instructional design. Otherwise, students' perceptions of ed‐tech usability are potentially hindered.
Safety and feasibility analysis of rapid daratumumab infusion in Chinese patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Yin Xi‐xi , Hu Yueyun , Yang Yusi , Zhang Xinglan , Liu Li , Cao Xi , Chen Jianwen , Xia Zhongjun , Wang Ye
Published: June 2024

Background

With the increasing use of daratumumab (DARA)‐containing regimens for multiple myeloma (MM) patients in China, the standard infusion time of DARA is long, with the potential for infusion‐related reactions (IRRs) and increased hospitalization and use of resources. Shortening the duration of DARA infusion helps to optimize the hospital stay and enhance the patient treatment experience. The current, commonly used 90‐min rapid DARA infusion regimen may not be applicable to Chinese MM patients, and therefore, we explored a new 110‐min rapid DARA infusion regimen aimed at reducing the treatment burden on patients to guarantee therapeutic safety.

Methods

MM inpatients treated with the DARA regimen were divided into two groups according to the number of times the DARA regimen was used: a standard infusion regimen for patients treated with the first two doses of DARA and a 110‐min rapid infusion regimen for patients treated with more than two doses of DARA. Anti‐allergy medications were routinely administered prior to the start of DARA infusion, patient consent, and authorization was obtained for all treatments, and statistical evaluation of the results was conducted via descriptive analyses, one‐way ANOVA and chi‐square tests.

Results

A total of 129 patients were included in this study: 68 in the standard infusion group, with 121 DARA infusions, and 129 in the rapid infusion group (patients who participated in the standard infusion subsequently participated in the rapid infusion), with 738 DARA infusions. The incidence of IRRs was 27.27% (36/121) in the standard infusion group and 1.35% (10/738) in the rapid infusion group, which were significantly different (p < 0.001). The incidence of IRRs after rapid infusion in other studies was <6%. The incidence of grade 1 IRRs in the rapid infusion group was 0.81% (6/738), the incidence of grade 2 IRRs was 0.54% (4/738), and there were no IRRs above grade 3; age, sex, and underlying disease had no effect on the choice of infusion method (p > 0.05). The mean infusion time after the occurrence of IRRs was also shorter in the rapid infusion group than in the standard infusion group (F = 24.781, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The 110‐min rapid infusion DARA regimen is feasible and safe for use in Chinese MM patients.
The clinical, molecular, and therapeutic implications of time from primary diagnosis to brain metastasis in lung and breast cancer patients
Authors: Ge Haitao , Zhu Kaibin , Sun Qian , Wang Huan , Liu Hui , Ge Jinyi , Liu Chunyang , Liang Peng , Lv Zhonghua , Bao Hongbo
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Lung cancer (LC) and breast cancer (BC) are the most common causes of brain metastases (BMs). Time from primary diagnosis to BM (TPDBM) refers to the time interval between initial LC or BC diagnosis and development of BM. This research aims to identify clinical, molecular, and therapeutic risk factors associated with shorter TPDBM.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all diagnosed LC and BC patients with BM at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from 2016 to 2020. A total of 570 patients with LC brain metastasis (LCBM) and 173 patients with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled for further analysis. BM free survival time curves were generated using Kaplan–Meier analyses. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to identify risk factors associated with earlier development of BM in LC and BC, respectively.

Results

The median TPDBM was 5.3 months in LC and 44.4 months in BC. In multivariate analysis, clinical stage IV and M1 stage were independent risk factors for early development of LCBM. LC patients who received chemotherapy, targeted therapy, pulmonary radiotherapy, and pulmonary surgery had longer TPDBM. For BC patients, age ≥ 50 years, Ki67 ≥ 0.3, HER2 positive or triple‐negative breast cancer subtype, advanced N stage, and no mastectomy were correlated with shorter TPDBM.

Conclusions

This single‐institutional study helps identify patients who have a high risk of developing BM early. For these patients, early detection and intervention could have clinical benefits.
Predictive capacity of immune‐related adverse events and cytokine profiling in neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Alnemri Angela E. , Tekumalla Sruti , Moroco Annie E. , Vathiotis Ioannis , Tuluc Madalina , Gargano Stacey , Zhan Tingting , Cognetti David M. , Curry Joseph M. , Argiris Athanassios , Linnenbach Alban , South Andrew P. , Harshyne Larry A. , Johnson Jennifer M. , Luginbuhl Adam J.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Certain low‐level immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) have been associated with survival benefits in patients with various solid tumors on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We aimed to investigate the association between irAEs and response to neoadjuvant ICIs in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to identify differences in circulating cytokine levels based on irAE status.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study including three neoadjuvant clinical trials from July 2017 to January 2022: NCT03238365 (nivolumab ± tadalafil), NCT03854032 (nivolumab ± BMS986205), NCT03618654 (durvalumab ± metformin). The presence and type of irAEs, pathologic treatment response, and survival were compared. Canonical linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed to identify combinations of circulating cytokines predictive of irAEs using plasma sample multiplex assay.

Results

Of 113 participants meeting inclusion criteria, 32 (28.3%) developed irAEs during treatment or follow‐up. Positive p16 status was associated with irAEs (odds ratio [OR] 2.489; 95% CI 1.069–6.119; p = 0.043). irAEs were associated with pathologic treatment response (OR 3.73; 95% CI 1.34–10.35; p = 0.011) and with higher OS in the combined cohort (HR 0.319; 95% CI 0.113–0.906; p = 0.032). Patients with irAEs within the nivolumab cohort had significant elevations of select cytokines pre‐treatment. Canonical LDA identified key drivers of irAEs among all trials, which were highly predictive of future irAE status.

Conclusions

irAEs are associated with response to neoadjuvant ICI therapy in HNSCC and can serve as clinical indicators for improved clinical outcomes. irAEs can be predicted by concentrations of several circulating cytokines prior to treatment.
The empathetic landscape: Examining the role of empathy in the well‐being of counsellors and psychotherapists working with trauma
Authors: Palumbo Aimie , Wezyk Agata , Woodward Alison , Panourgia Constantina
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Counsellors and psychotherapists working with trauma experience constant exposure to clients' adverse events, placing their well‐being in jeopardy. The pivotal role of empathy in maintaining their well‐being is underscored, given the imperative for these professionals to sustain empathetic engagement with clients. However, prior research has solely focussed on other helping professions.

Methodology

This study employed semi‐structured interviews to explore the subjective experiences of 14 psychotherapists and counsellors in trauma‐informed settings regarding the role of empathy and its implications for well‐being. Reflexive thematic analysis was utilised to analyse these data.

Results

Three main themes were identified from the analysis: Empathy is crucial, empathy as a risk factor and empathy can be regulated and developed.

Conclusions

The study's findings reinforce previous research and provide new insights into empathy's development and management in the context of professional trauma work.
The Chemistry and Biology of Lycopodium Alkaloids
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Jiang Shuai , Zhao Qin‐Shi
Published: June 2024

Lycopodiales, an order comprising 388 distinct species, is the source of Lycopodium alkaloids (LAs), a group of naturally occurring alkaloids that share a common biosynthesis and structural attributes. These remarkable organisms are considered vestiges of ancient ferns, with fossil evidence dating their existence back to an impressive 300 million years. LAs usually are tricyclic or tetracyclic compounds with C16N or C16N2 skeleton. But then there are also have a few C11N, C15N, C15N2, C22N2, and C27N3 skeleton. LAs have attracted much scientific attention because of their important biological activities related to acetylcholinesterase and unique structural characteristics. From 1881 to December 2023, there are 593 LAs from 49 species of Lycopodiales have been reported. Because the total amount of LAs is nearly five times that of 1994, the classification and group allocation of some newly isolated LAs is often challenging and not unambiguous by Ayer's simple classification. This review makes a more systematic and detailed classification for it and provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring LAs discovered from 1881 to December 2023. Until now, there is no comprehensively summary of biological activity of the LAs. This review is the first time covered the biological activity of the all LAs.
Fluorogenic in‐situ Labelling of Gelatin Polymer in Aqueous Solution and Hydrogel
Authors: Cheng Yao , Yang Yujiao , Wang Shuodong , Zhou Zhibiao , Li Jiangcan , Zhang Yang , Chen Sijie , Zeng Zebing , Xie Sheng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2024

Gelatin polymers made from partially degraded collagen are important biomaterials, but their in‐situ analysis suffers from uncontrollable covalent labelling and poor spatial‐temporal imaging resolution. Herein, three tetrazolate‐tagged tetraphenylethylene fluorophores (TPE−TAs) are introduced for practical fluorogenic labelling of gelatin in aqueous phase and hydrogels. These probes with aggregation‐induced emission characteristics offer negligible background and elicit turn‐on fluorescence by simply mixing with the gelatin in aqueous phase, giving a detection limit of 0.15 mg/L over a linear dynamic range up to 100 mg/L. This method does not work for collagens and causes minimal interference with gelatin properties. Mechanistic studies reveal a key role for multivalent electrostatic interactions between the abundant basic residues in gelatin (e. g., lysine, hydroxylysine, arginine) and anionic tetrazolate moieties of the lipophilic fluorophore synergistically in spatially rigid macromolecular encapsulation to achieve fluorogenic labelling. The AIE strategy by forming non‐covalent fluorophore‐gelatin complexes was developed for novel hydrogels that exhibited reversible fluorescence in response to dynamic microstructural changes in the hydrogel scaffold upon salting‐in/out treatments, and enabled high spatial‐temporal imaging of the fiber network in lyophilized samples. This work may open up avenues for in‐situ imaging analysis and evaluation of gelatin‐based biomaterials during processes such as in vivo degradation and mineralization.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Carbonyl Addition of Aryl Chlorides and Bromides to Aldehydes
Authors: Jiang Mingjie , Yu Limei , Zou Chenhui , Yuan Hao , Xu Minghui , Chen Bin , Hu Ping , Wang Bi‐Qin , Cao Peng
Published: June 2024

The Ni‐catalyzed enantioselective addition reaction of aryl halides to aldehydes was studied with cyanobis(oxazoline) as chiral ligands and Mn as reductant. Aryl and heteroaryl bromides reacted with phenyl aldehyde at room temperature to produce dibenzyl alcohols in 16–99 % yields with 53–92 % ees. Moreover, the coupling of phenyl chloride with a variety of aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl aldehydes was demonstrated in the presence of cyanobis(oxazoline)/Ni(II) at 60 °C in generally high yields with moderate enantioselectivities.
Early achievement of walkability after cardiac surgery and the risk of cardiovascular disease after hospital discharge
Authors: Kawamura Tomonori , Sakaniwa Ryoto , Nishimura Masato , Matsuo Yoshimi , Imai Yoshihide , Hori Yusuke , Tsukizawa Tomohumi , Fukuda Keisuke , Matsuura Makoto , Takemoto Tetsushi , Furuya Oniti , Kuroyanagi Satoshi , Higashiue Shiniti , Iso Hiroyasu , Sobue Tomotaka
Published: June 2024

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the association between the time to achieve walkability after cardiac surgery and the risk of cardiovascular disease after hospital discharge.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 553 ambulatory patients aged 71.5 (range, 64.0–77.0) years who underwent cardiac surgery. All patients were divided into five groups based on the time to achieve walkability ≥100 m within 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days after cardiac surgery. We examined the risk of post‐cardiovascular disease outcomes, including readmission due to heart failure, ischaemic heart disease and other cardiovascular disease, according to the time to achieve walkability with reference to 5 days using the Fine and Gray regression model, considering competing risks.

Results

In the survival curve analysis, we examined the time to experience post‐cardiovascular disease incidence after hospital discharge. During a median of 3.3 years of follow‐up, 118 patients developed cardiovascular disease. We observed a positive association between the time to achieve walkability and cardiovascular disease risk, particularly heart failure. The multivariate hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for heart failure readmission were N/A (not assessed due to the sample size being too small) for 1 day, 0.31 (0.10–0.99) for 2 days, 0.60 (0.21–1.79) for 3 days and 0.76 (0.22–2.72) for 4 days (P for trend = 0.032).

Conclusions

The shorter walkability achievement time was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, more specifically heart failure readmission, among patients who underwent cardiac surgery. The time required to achieve walkability is a useful predictor for cardiovascular diseases after hospital discharge.
Predicting cardiovascular events with fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy using a standard cardiovascular risk calculator
Authors: Abiodun Aderonke , Shawe‐Taylor Marianne , Tyebally Sara , Bagkeris Emmanouil , Bajomo Omotomilola , Artico Jessica , Slater Sarah , Raisi‐Estabragh Zahra , Diamantis Nikolaos , Manisty Charlotte
Published: June 2024

Aims

Fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy is important for treatment of many solid tumours but is associated with cardiotoxicity. The relationship of fluoropyrimidine‐associated cardiotoxicity (FAC) with conventional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors is poorly understood, and standard cardiovascular risk scores are not validated in this context.

Methods and results

Single‐centre retrospective study of patients treated with fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy using electronic health records for cardiovascular risk factors (and calculation of QRISK3 score), cancer treatment, and clinical outcomes. FAC was defined by cardiovascular events during or within 3 months of fluoropyrimidine treatment, and Cox regression was used to assess associations of CV risk and cancer treatment with FAC. One thousand eight hundred ninety‐eight patients were included (45% male; median age 64 years), with median follow up 24.5 (11.5–48.3 months); 52.7% of patients were at moderate or high baseline CV risk (QRISK3 score >10%) Cardiovascular events occurred in 3.1% (59/1898)—most commonly angina (64.4%, 38/59) and atrial fibrillation (13.6%, 8/59), with 39% events during cycle one of treatment. In univariable analysis, QRISK3 score >20% was significantly associated with incident FAC (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.11–4.93, P = 0.03). On multivariable analysis, beta‐blocker use (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.08, P = 0.04) and higher BMI (HR 2.33, 95% CI 1.04–5.19, P = 0.04) were independently associated with incident CV events. Thirty‐two of the 59 patients with FAC were subsequently rechallenged with fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy, with repeat CV events in 6% (2/32). Incident FAC did not affect overall survival (P = 0.50).

Conclusions

High BMI and use of beta‐blockers are associated with risk of CV events during fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. QRISK3 score may also play a role in identifying patients at high risk of CV events during fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. Re‐challenge with further fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy can be considered in patients following CV events during prior treatment.
Computed versus experimental energy barriers in solution: Influence of the type of the density functional approximation
Authors: Denjean Aurore E. F. , Rio Jordan , Ciofini Ilaria , Perrin Marie‐Eve L. , Payard Pierre‐Adrien
Published: June 2024

Mechanistic investigations at the density functional theory level of organic and organometallic reactions in solution are now broadly accessible and routinely implemented to complement experimental investigations. The selection of an appropriate functional among the plethora of developed ones is the first challenge on the way to reliable energy barrier calculations. To provide guidelines for the choice of an initial and reliable computational level, the performances of commonly used non‐empirical (PBE, PBE0, PBE0‐DH) and empirical density functionals (BLYP, B3LYP, B2PLYP) were evaluated relative to experimental activation enthalpies. Most reactivity databases to assess density functional performances are primarily based on high level calculations, here a set of experimental activation enthalpies of organic and organometallic reactions performed in solution were selected from the literature. As a general trend, the non‐empirical functionals outperform the empirical ones. The most accurate energy barriers are obtained with hybrid PBE0 and double‐hybrid PBE0‐DH density functionals, both providing similar performance. Regardless of the functional under consideration, the addition of the GD3‐BJ empirical dispersion correction does not enhance the accuracy of computed energy barriers.
The combined effect of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness on the incidence of metabolic syndrome before midlife
Authors: Tsai Kun‐Zhe , Chu Chen‐Chih , Huang Wei‐Chun , Sui Xuemei , Lavie Carl J. , Lin Gen‐Min
Published: June 2024

Background

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) could reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) while the association between muscular endurance capacity (MEC) and incident MetS has rarely been investigated in young adults.

Methods

A total of 2890 military men and women, aged 18–39 years, free of baseline MetS in Taiwan, were followed for incident MetS from baseline (2014) until the end of 2020. All subjects received annual health examinations for assessment of MetS. Physical fitness was assessed by CRF (estimated maximal oxygen uptake, VO2 max [mL/kg/min], in a 3000‐m run) and MEC (numbers of 2‐min push‐ups). MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Multiple Cox regression analysis was conducted with adjustments for baseline age, sex, substance use status and physical activity to determine the associations of CRF and MEC with incidences of new‐onset MetS and related features, for example, central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and prediabetes or diabetes. To examine the combined effects of CRF and MEC status on incidence of MetS, high and low levels of CRF and MEC were separately defined by over and under the sex‐specific median in each exercise test.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 5.8 years, there were 673 (23.3%) new‐onset MetS. Higher CRF was associated with a lower incidence of MetS (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval: 0.905 [0.877–0.933]), and its components separately, except hypertension. No association was observed between MEC and incident MetS, and its components separately, except hypertension. When evaluating the combined effects of MEC and CRF status on the incidence of MetS, it was observed that compared with the low CRF/low MEC, the high CRF/high MEC (HR: 0.553 [0.439–0.697]) and the high CRF/low MEC (HR: 0.730 [0.580–0.918]) had a lower incidence of new‐onset MetS (P value for the intergroup difference = 0.04). There was no significant result for the low CRF/high MEC.

Conclusions

This study highlights that although the protective effects of MEC to reduce the incidence of MetS and most of its related features were mainly driven by CRF in young adults, there was an addictive effect of greater MEC on CRF to prevent the development of new‐onset MetS before midlife.
Cover Image, Volume 99, Issue 7
Authors: Kutlar Feride Ece , Engin Iskin , Yilmazel Yasemin Dilsad
Published: June 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article Nutrient recovery from manure digestate by using waste magnesite powder and bone meal as sustainable substitutes for struvite precipitation by Feride Ece Kutlar et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.7661.

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Defining the Sheldon Creek Formation, a Middle Wisconsinan (MIS 3) till in Iowa, USA
Authors: Tassier‐Surine STEPHANIE A. , Kerr PHILLIP J. , Kilgore SUSAN M. , Cramer BRADLEY D.
Published: June 2024

A pre‐Late Wisconsinan, post‐Illinoian, till sheet has long been recognized in north‐central Iowa, but has not been formally recognized or defined until now. Early researchers referred to these deposits as the ‘Tazewell’, and the term ‘Sheldon Creek’ was more recently used informally by the Iowa Geological Survey in guidebooks and reports. Recent mapping has extended the eastern margin significantly past previous interpretations. The Sheldon Creek Formation has similar lithologic characteristics to the overlying Alden Member of the Dows Formation, and the two units are distinguished mainly by stratigraphic position. Differentiation from underlying Pre‐Illinoian till units is accomplished using lithology, primarily matrix grain‐size and sand fraction lithology. A suite of 22 radiocarbon ages indicate two distinct, separate groupings within the Sheldon Creek data. These data strongly suggest ice advanced south to 42° N twice, once during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and again during late MIS 3 or possibly early MIS 2. The presence of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in northern Iowa during MIS 3 has significant implications for ice sheet reconstructions during this interval.
Impact of non‐palm triglyceride feedstocks on surfactant properties and consumer product applications
Authors: Falk Nancy
Published: June 2024

Increased demand and sustainability concerns for palm derivatives, which include the major plant‐based feedstocks for surfactants in household, personal care, and industrial & institutional (I&I) applications, is anticipated to cause supply concerns over the next decade. This article reviews the impact of the fatty acid alkyl chain length and unsaturation and resulting physical properties from non‐palm feedstocks on formulation, processing, and functionality. Potential adjustments and their limitations are also discussed.
Singular solutions for Lane–Emden equations with CKN operator
Authors: Chen Huyuan , Sun Yanqing , Wang Ying
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we concern the isolated singular solutions for Lane–Emden equations involving the CKN operator

We classify the isolated singularities by building the connection with the equations involving the Dirac mass in a weighted distributional sense. Then, we obtain the minimal singular solution with given singularities at the origin, analyze the stability of the minimal singular solutions. Finally, we can derive a second solution by the variational method with the given singularities.
Fredholm theory of the Toeplitz algebra on the space of all entire functions
Authors: Jasiczak M.
Published: June 2024

We prove that an aggregate Toeplitz operator on the Fréchet space of all entire functions is a Fredholm operator if and only if its symbol does not vanish. The result is motivated by and closely resembles the classical result of Gohberg and Douglas from the Hardy space theory of Toeplitz operators. There are however some subtle differences which we also discuss.
Exploiting Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerizations with Boron‐Dopant and Nitrogen‐Defect Synergy in Carbon Nitride Nanosheets
Authors: Peng He Yu , Xu Meng Kai , Li Xue , Cai Tao
Published: June 2024

Graphitic carbon nitrides (g‐C3N4) possess various benefits as heterogeneous photocatalysts, including tunable bandgaps, scalability, and chemical robustness. However, their efficacy and ongoing advancement are hindered by challenges like limited charge‐carrier separation rates, insufficient driving force for photocatalysis, small specific surface area, and inadequate absorption of visible light. In this study, boron dopants and nitrogen defects synergy are introduced into bulk g‐C3N4 through the calcination of a blend of nitrogen‐defective g‐C3N4 and NaBH4 under inert conditions, resulting in the formation of BCN nanosheets characterized by abundant porosity and increased specific surface area. These BCN nanosheets promote intermolecular single electron transfer to the radical initiator, maintaining radical intermediates at a low concentration for better control of photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photo‐ATRP). Consequently, this method yields polymers with low dispersity and tailorable molecular weights under mild blue light illumination, outperforming previous reports on bulk g‐C3N4. The heterogeneity of BCN enables easy separation and efficient reuse in subsequent polymerization processes. This study effectively showcases a simple method to alter the electronic and band structures of g‐C3N4 with simultaneously introducing dopants and defects, leading to high‐performance photo‐ATRP and providing valuable insights for designing efficient photocatalytic systems for solar energy harvesting.