bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The value of vegetable enriched casseroles in schoolchildren's nutrition
Authors: Vasyukova Anna , Bogonosova Irina , Ivashchenko Ekaterina
Published: April 2022

The article provides information on the daily need for nutrients and energy value of students in the age category from 7 to 11 years and older. The developed protein-enriched vegetable casseroles are products of increased nutritional value. The protein-to-fat ratio in the casseroles ranged from 0.93 to 1.7. The degree of saturation of breakfast with protein in vegetable casseroles for control samples was from 10.22 % to 20 % for the first age group and from 10.22 % to 17.1 % for the second age group. Vegetable casseroles are most often recommended for breakfast or dinner.
Influence of microbiological risks on the quality of recombined butter
Authors: Zakharova Marina , Ivanova Nina , Smirnova Olga
Published: April 2022

The article provides the results of studies on the influence of microbiological risks caused by the used raw materials and the technological modes of manufacture on the quality and storage capacity of recombined butter. The objects of study were the following: butter - raw material; fat mixture before and after pasteurization; butter made according to the recombination scheme using pasteurization and without pasteurization of the normalized fat dispersion. Samples were stored at temperature conditions (3±2) °C, (10±1) °С, and (25±1) °С. Microbiological, organoleptic and physicochemical indicators were determined by standardized methods to assess the quality and storage capacity of the butter. The results of the research have shown that microbiological risks in the manufacture of recombined butter are due to the quality of raw materials, compliance with technological parameters of manufacture, sanitary and hygienic conditions of production, and temperature conditions for storing butter.
Development of a technology for obtaining a polyphenolic biologically active additive from grape pomace for a wide range of applications
Authors: Andrusenko Timur , Golovko Yury
Published: April 2022

The research work considers the development of a technology for processing secondary raw materials of winemaking, which, due to preliminary preparation, passes into the category of enriched high-quality environmentally friendly grape raw materials. This study is carried out with the aim of obtaining concentrated high-quality polyphenolic biologically active extracts that can be used as a functional raw biomaterial for a wide range of products: healthy/sports nutrition, medical and preventive cosmetics, alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks, and other types of special functional additives. The novelty of the development lies in the fact that at the initial stage, the enrichment of raw materials with target polyphenolic compounds is carried out using effective supercritical fluid CO2 extraction, followed by the use of the obtained AGP** extracts in the form of a finished product - a phytopreparation with inherent functional properties.
Subthreshold Photocoagulation, Laser Endpoint Management Based on Optical
Coherence Tomography Angiography in Cases of Diabetic Macular Edema Refractory to
Anti-VEGF
Authors: Karasu Bugra , Akbas Yusuf Berk , Aykut Aslan , Çelebi Ali Riza Cenk
Published: April 2022

Purpose This study aimed to determine the changes that occur in the vasculature,
as based on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) after non-damaging endpoint
management (EpM), using a continuous wave yellow laser. The study was on eyes with
diabetic macular edema (DME) that were resistant to anti-vascular endothelial growth
factors (anti-VEGFs).

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective analysis of OCTA images of 44 eyes
in 44 patients with DME refractory to anti-VEGF. The eyes were treated with a PASCAL
Streamline yellow laser (577 nm wavelength, 200 mm spot size). Treatment was administered
to the DME area and utilized 10% continuous wave laser energy and 0.50 µm beam diameter
spot spacing. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and enhanced in-depth imaging with
optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images were
recorded at baseline, and 3 and 6 months posttreatment. Total choroidal area (TCA),
luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were
calculated using Image J software. The macula was divided into five quadrants in
accordance with the mapping system in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study
(ETDRS).

Results All patients (mean age: 58.90 ± 9.55 years) were diagnosed with diabetes
mellitus type 2. Mean BCVA at baseline was 0.30 ± 0.11 logarithm of the minimum angle of
resolution (logMAR) versus 0.23 ± 0.10 logMAR at 3 months (p = 0.032) and
0.17 ± 0.10 logMAR at 6 months (p = 0.013). The foveal avascular zone area (FAZ) decreased
in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) from baseline to 6 months (p = 0.028). Vessel densities
(VDs) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), DCP, and choriocapillaris decreased
significantly in the fovea at 3 and 6 months compared to baseline (p < 0.05 for both
follow-up time points). There were significant decreases in SCP and DCP in the superior
quadrant at the end of month 6 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.038, respectively). There was a
significant decrease in the nasal quadrant of the DCP and choriocapillaris at the end of
month 6 (p = 0.024 and p = 0.049, respectively). Although there was a significant decrease
in central macular thickness (CMT) (p < 0.001), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT)
(p < 0.001), and LA (p = 0.034) at months 3 and 6, there was no significant change in
the CVI (p = 0.19). According to the DME recovery rate, 36 eyes (81%) were irradiated
once, whereas 8 eyes (19%) were irradiated twice.

Conclusions Non-damaging EpM therapy using a continuous wave yellow laser in eyes
with DME that are resistant to anti-VEGFs induces significant changes in the SCP,
choriocapillaris, and, most commonly, the DCP, which caused a significant decrease in VDs
during 6 months of follow-up.
ADP and Thromboxane Inhibitors Both Reduce Global Contraction of Clot Length, While Thromboxane Inhibition Attenuates Internal Aggregate Contraction
Authors: Trigani Kevin T. , DeCortin Michael E. , Diamond Scott L.
Published: April 2022

Platelet contractility drives clot contraction to enhance clot density and stability. Clot contraction is typically studied under static conditions, with fewer studies of wall-adherent platelet clots formed under flow. We tested the effect of inhibitors of ADP and/or thromboxane A2 (TXA2) signaling on clot contraction. Using an eight-channel microfluidic device, we perfused PPACK-treated whole blood (WB) ± acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 2-methylthioAMP (2-MeSAMP), and/or MRS-2179 over collagen (100/s) for 7.5 min, then stopped flow to observe contraction for 7.5 minutes. Two automated imaging methods scored fluorescent platelet percent contraction over the no-flow observation period: (1) “global” measurement of clot length and (2) “local” changes in surface area coverage of the numerous platelet aggregates within the clot. Total platelet fluorescence intensity (FI) decreased with concomitant decrease in global aggregate contraction when ASA, 2-MeSAMP, and/or MRS-2179 were present. Total platelet FI and global aggregate contraction were highly correlated (R
2 = 0.87). In contrast, local aggregate contraction was more pronounced than global aggregate contraction across all inhibition conditions. However, ASA significantly reduced local aggregate contraction relative to conditions without TXA2 inhibition. P-selectin display was significantly reduced by ADP and TXA2 inhibition, but there was limited detection of global or local aggregate contraction in P-selectin-positive platelets across all conditions, as expected for densely packed “core” platelets. Our results demonstrate that global aggregate contraction is inhibited by ASA, 2-MeSAMP, and MRS-2179, while ASA more potently inhibited local aggregate contraction. These results help resolve how different platelet antagonists affect global and local clot structure and function.
Conservative Management of Kienbock's Disease in a 7-year Old: A Case Report
Authors: Lendrum James , Lencioni Alex , Calkins Ryan , Scott Frank
Published: April 2022

Background Kienbock's disease is primarily seen in young adult males but has been recognized in skeletally immature populations as well. Traditional treatment strategies recommend operative treatment but high remodeling potential in children may allow conservative management.

Case Description We present the case of a 7-year-old female with 2 months of atraumatic right wrist pain who was found to have edematous signal change within the lunate on wrist magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) consistent with Kienbock's disease. She was treated with rigid immobilization for 12 weeks and transitioned to custom orthotic splint for another 3 months during activities. At her 6 month follow-up, she reported minimal wrist pain with repeat MRI demonstrating the resolution of lunate edema.

Literature Review Available literature shows a significant portion of patients treated conservatively subsequently require surgical intervention due to unresolved symptoms or progressive disease. Only three cases are reported in the literature where skeletally immature patients were successfully treated with conservative management alone

Clinical Relevance We report the youngest case of Lichtman stage I Kienbock's disease successfully treated with conservative management resulting in clinical and imaging resolution. Younger patients may be able to successfully remodel and recover from Kienbock disease with extended time in conservative management.
Low-latency readout electronics for dynamic superconducting quantum computing
Authors: Guo Cheng , Lin Jin , Han Lian-Chen , Li Na , Sun Li-Hua , Liang Fu-Tian , Li Dong-Dong , Li Yu-Huai , Gong Ming , Xu Yu , Liao Sheng-Kai , Peng Cheng-Zhi
Published: April 2022

Dynamic quantum computing can support quantum error correction circuits to build a large general-purpose quantum computer, which requires electronic instruments to perform the closed-loop operation of readout, processing, and control within 1% of the qubit coherence time. In this paper, we present low-latency readout electronics for dynamic superconducting quantum computing. The readout electronics use a low-latency analog-to-digital converter to capture analog signals, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to process digital signals, and the general I/O resources of the FPGA to forward the readout results. Running an algorithm based on the design of multichannel parallelism and single instruction multiple data on an FPGA, the readout electronics achieve a readout latency of 40 ns from the last sample input to the readout valid output. The feedback data link for cross-instrument communication shows a communication latency of 48 ns when 16 bits of data are transmitted over a 2 m-length cable using a homologous clock to drive the transceiver. With codeword-based triggering mechanisms, readout electronics can be used in dynamic superconducting quantum computing.
Distributed fuzzy adaptive cooperative strategy considering communication delay and multiple constraints
Authors: Jiang Shang , Sun Dongyan , Sun Shiyan , Men Xinhui , Cai Chang
Published: April 2022

In order to enhance penetration and damage ability of targets under multi-constraint conditions, a distributed fuzzy adaptive cooperative strategy was proposed to networked guided projectiles for operation considering communication delay. Aiming at the measurement limitation of the line of sight (LOS) angular rate, the extended state observer was designed to estimate the LOS angular rate and disturbance accurately and quickly. For overcoming communication delay, based on cooperative consistency theory and integral sliding mode control, the distributed control quantity in the LOS direction was designed to converge hit time in limited time. In the normal direction of LOS, the nonsingular terminal sliding mode with an exponential adaptive reaching law was designed to ensure rapid convergence of the LOS angular rate using remaining flight time. In order to weaken the negative influence of sliding mode high-frequency chattering on the system, the fuzzy adaptive controller with a universal approximation was introduced. Finally, by constructing the Krasovskii function and Lyapunov stability theory, it was proved that the whole system was uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulation results indicated that the strategy possessed better cooperative performance against the maneuvering target and made networked guided projectiles adapt to communication delay and multiple constraints better, compared with the existing methods.
The evolutionarily conserved miRNA-137 targets the neuropeptide hypocretin/orexin and modulates the wake to sleep ratio
Authors: Holm Anja , Possovre Marie-Laure , Bandarabadi Mojtaba , Moseholm Kristine F. , Justinussen Jessica L. , Bozic Ivan , Lemcke René , Arribat Yoan , Amati Francesca , Silahtaroglu Asli , Juventin Maxime , Adamantidis Antoine , Tafti Mehdi , Kornum Birgitte R.
Published: April 2022

Significance

The hypocretin (Hcrt, also known as orexin) neuropeptides regulate sleep and wake stability, and disturbances of Hcrt can lead to sleep disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that fine-tune protein expression levels, and miRNA-based therapeutics are emerging. We report a functional interaction between miRNA (miR-137) and
Hcrt
. We demonstrate that intracellular miR-137 levels in Hcrt neurons regulate
Hcrt
expression with downstream effects on wakefulness. Specifically, lowering of miR-137 levels increased wakefulness in mice. We further show that the miR-137:Hcrt interaction is conserved across mice and humans, that miR-137 also regulates sleep–wake balance in zebrafish, and that the
MIR137
locus is genetically associated with sleep duration in humans. Together, our findings reveal an evolutionarily conserved sleep–wake regulatory role of miR-137.
Estimating bonobo (
Pan
paniscus
) and chimpanzee (
Pan
troglodytes
) evolutionary history from nucleotide site patterns
Authors: Brand Colin M. , White Frances J. , Rogers Alan R. , Webster Timothy H.
Published: April 2022

Significance

There is genomic evidence of widespread admixture in deep time between many closely related species, including humans. Our closest living relatives, bonobos and chimpanzees, may also exhibit such patterns. However, assessing the exact degree of interbreeding remains challenging because previous studies have resulted in multiple inconsistent demographic models. We use an approach that addresses these gaps by analyzing all lineages, simultaneously estimating parameters, and comparing previously models. We find evidence of considerable introgression from western into eastern chimpanzees. We also show more breeding females than males and evidence of male-biased dispersal in western chimpanzees. These findings highlight the extent of admixture in bonobo and chimpanzee evolutionary history and are consistent with substantial differences between past and present chimpanzee biogeography.
High-performance transparent heater with Ag paste-based nanomesh electrodes
Authors: Kim Pan Kyeom , Chung Sung-il , Ha Tae-gyu
Published: April 2022

Transparent heaters have attracted significant attention in recent years because of their wide range of potential applications, including defogging and defrosting windshields, thermochromic smart windows, and wearable heating devices. This paper presents a comparison of the performances of a transparent heater with nanomesh electrodes and that with micromesh electrodes. Both transparent heaters exhibit excellent basic characteristics, with an optical transmittance of more than 90%, and sheet resistance of less than 2 Ω/□. From the thermal response time tests, we observed a shorter thermal response time of 30 s for the nanomesh heater. This is because the heater must warm the transparent area; hence, the smaller transparent area of the nanomesh is more advantageous for a transparent heater. Furthermore, the nanomesh transparent heater exhibited excellent heating stability and performance at various sizes. The promising results of this study can facilitate significant and practical applications of transparent heaters, such as windshields for vehicles.
Microscale surface texturing on nonplanar surface of diffusion lens for anti-glare LED light
Authors: Bang Hyun Chul , Lee Sang Woo , Jang Woong Ki , Kim Byeong Hee , Seo Young Ho
Published: April 2022

In this study, we present the fabrication technique and characterization results of a concave-bottom rod lens (CB-RL) covered with microstructures to diffuse the Light-emitting diode (LED) light for anti-glare. The spherical concave bottom of the rod lens was designed based on a basic refraction theory and was fabricated by using the hyper-elastic deformation characteristics of polydimethylsiloxane film to form microstructures on the nonplanar surface. The rod lens mold and microstructure mold were prepared via the metal cutting process and photoresist reflowing process, respectively. In the experimental study, a CB-RL with and without microstructures was fabricated and compared. A CB-RL mounted on an LED effectively changed the isomeric luminous intensity profile into a batwing-shape profile. The reduction in discomfort glare induced by a single LED was characterized by comparing the uniformities of the luminous intensity between the bare and proposed lens-mounted LEDs. The full width half maximum (FWHM) value of the luminous intensity was increased from 50.9% to 71.4%, and the maximum-to-minimum ratio of the luminous intensity was reduced from 3.91 to 1.94. For a light bulb consisting of eight LEDs, the FWHM value and maximum-to-minimum ratio of the luminous intensities were improved from 38.0% to 55.0% and from 10.96 to 6.96, respectively.
Bearing fault diagnosis under various operation conditions using synchrosqueezing transform and improved two-dimensional convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Lei , Lv Yong , Huang Wenyi , Yi Cancan
Published: April 2022

In real-world industrial applications, bearings are typically operated under variable speeds and loads depending on the production condition, which results in nonstationary vibration signals from the bearings. Synchrosqueezing transform is a method that can effectively reflect the change in frequency with time, which is suitable for processing nonstationary bearing signals. However, significant classification features are difficult to extract from time–frequency information when operation conditions such as speed and load change frequently. Hence, an improved two-dimensional (2D) convolutional neural network (CNN) named the 2D multiscale cascade CNN (2D MC-CNN) is proposed for performing bearing fault diagnosis under various operating conditions. In a 2D MC-CNN, a multiscale information fusion layer is added prior to the convolutional layer of a conventional CNN to form MC images such that sensitive bands can be acquired for fault recognition. Experiments are conducted on bearings by considering various sets of fault categories and fault severity levels under six operating conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively extracts fault-related features and demonstrates excellent diagnostic accuracy and robustness. Comparisons with the original CNN and other typically used fault diagnosis methods based on the same dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed 2D MC-CNN and bearing fault diagnosis method.
Force constant disorder in the Ni44Nb56 bulk metallic glass as observed by deep inelastic neutron scattering augmented by isotopic substitution
Authors: Krzystyniak M , Syrykh G , Stolyarov A , Sadykov R A , Romanelli G
Published: April 2022

In this work, the force-constant disorder in nickel-niobium metallic glass, Ni44Nb56, was studied using the deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS) technique augmented by isotopic substitution. The distributions of DINS observables (the nuclear kinetic energies, the width of the nuclear momentum distributions, and the effective force constants) were measured in Ni44Nb56 and compared with their counterparts obtained from ab initio harmonic lattice (HLD) simulations for the crystalline forms of nickel, niobium, and the NiNb crystal and from the reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations augmented by effective force fields performed for Ni44Nb56. The force-constant distribution of nickel, obtained from the analysis of the results of the DINS experiments, was found to be two times broader than its counterparts estimated based on the HLD and RMC simulations. In the case of niobium, the force-constant distribution inferred from the DINS experiments is estimated to be an order of magnitude broader than the ab initio HLD prediction in the NiNb crystal. Moreover, no disorder-induced softening (with respect to its crystalline counterparts) of the effective force constants of Ni and Nb in Ni44Nb56 was observed. The lack of disorder-induced softening in Ni44Nb56 is consistent with the correlation between the short-range order, defined by the average coordination number and the interatomic distances, and the magnitudes of the effective force constants. The obtained results are consistent with a picture, whereby disorder induces symmetrical broadening of phonon dispersion curves, and phonon softening is limited to low-energy modes carrying negligible amounts of nuclear kinetic energy. The obtained results have important ramifications for engineering the properties of bulk metallic glasses.
All-optical memory based on slow light and Kerr effect in photonic crystal platform with independent write/read/hold control
Authors: Mirzaiee Sina , Noori Mina , Baghban Hamed , Veladi Hadi
Published: April 2022

A general scheme has been proposed for the design of photonic-crystal-based all-optical memory by implementing the Kerr effect and slow light phenomenon and a memory cell with independent control on the read, write and hold processes is presented. A photonic crystal slab platform comprised of air holes in a square array with a hole radius of R = 192.5 nm and slab thickness of 275 nm is considered to realize the optical memory operating at the signal and pump wavelengths of λ = 1550 nm and λ = 1604 nm, respectively. The radii of the holes and the thickness of the proposed slab are engineered to provide proper functionality in the write/read waveguides and memory cell. For the slab thickness of 275 nm, the radii of the defect holes at the center of the read and write channels, and memory cell are determined to be 66 nm, 60.5 nm, and 55 nm, respectively. The pump pulse with a peak power of 2.65 W and a minimum time duration of ∼2.64 ps is required for the reading process. Also, the peak power and minimum time duration of 4.7 W and 1.35 ps, respectively are required to accomplish the writing process. The study has been carried out by 3D PWE and 3D FDTD methods.
Numerical study of effects of electrode parameters and image charge on the electric field configuration of RPCs
Authors: Dey T. , Mukhopadhyay S. , Chattopadhyay S.
Published: April 2022

The working of a resistive plate chamber depends on the electric field applied inside the gas gap. The strength of this electric field inside the gas gap depends on parameters like electrode thickness, permittivity, and gas gap, among others. The applied electric field can get significantly modified by the space charge effect. This can be a major concern while working in high rate particle physics experiments. Accumulation of space charge generated due to consecutive avalanches can distort the applied field. During this investigation, we have observed that the strength of this perturbation in the electric field is a function of the amount of charge, electrode thickness, permittivity, and gas gap.
In this paper, we have studied the dependence of the applied field on parameters linked to RPC fabrication mentioned above. In addition, we have used the method of image to calculate the additional polarisation field due to space charge for a basic five layers of the geometry of an RPC. The variation of the perturbation in the electric field with the same three parameters electrode thickness, permittivity, gas gap has also been discussed.
Pore pressure prediction using 2D Basin modeling technique
Authors: Jun Por Kia , Abidin Nor Syazwani Zainal , Mio Eduardo de
Published: April 2022

Overpressure and underpressure in the basin are mainly developed due to the disequilibrium compaction between the pore fluids and overburden pressure, and the heat flow/geothermal gradient in the rocks, leading to serious hazards in drilling operations due to the catastrophic well blowouts. Although some techniques have been used to explain the pore pressure mechanisms, there are still some missing gaps in the prediction. Basin modeling software is a very powerful tool as it incorporates various physical phenomena and can simulate the geological history of a sedimentary basin. Thus, a two-dimensional basin modeling software – TemisFlow, was used in the study. The present study was conducted at the Pelotas Basin, Brazil with the aims of (1) to build and run scenario test for pore pressure prediction of the Pelotas Basin, Brazil, (2) to identify the factors that control the pressure development, (3) to test the sensitivity of the parameters that control the pressure distribution, and (4) to evaluate the pressure distribution and pattern in the study area. The temperature model simulated by the software is calibrated with the field data provided in the well log as field pressure data is not provided. Nevertheless, calibration still can be done as the temperature at present and during the basin evolution is one of the parameters to pressure calculation in the model. Generally, the results show abnormal pressure zones are developed only in lower permeability of lithology – shale. Based on the simulations scenarios tested, the presence and generation of hydrocarbon in the Pelotas Basin also contribute a little to the development of overpressure in the basin. Based on the basin modeling results, the main overpressure mechanism in Pelotas Basin is still mainly due to compaction disequilibrium.
Review on the Graptolites from the Lituigraptus convolutus and Stimulograptus sedgwickii biozones of Pulau Langgun, Langkawi, Malaysia
Authors: Saparin Muhammad Aqqid , Ismail Mohd Suhaili
Published: April 2022

Graptolites from the Lituigraptus convolutus and Stimulograptus sedgwickii biozones from the topmost 270 cm of the Tanjung Dendang Formation (formerly Lower Detrital Member of the Setul Formation) previously collected by C. R. Jones in Pulau Langgun, Langkawi were reviewed, and revision on the taxanomic were made where necessary. Identified species include: Campograptus lobiferus (M’Coy), Demirastrites sp., ‘Monograptus’ delicatulus Elles and Wood, Normalograptus scalaris (Hisinger), Pseudoretiolites perlatus (Nicholson), Stimulograptus distans (Portlock), Stimulograptus sedgwickii (Portlock), Torquigraptus? decipiens (Törnquist), Torquigraptus cf. denticulatus (Törnquist), Glyptograptus sp. 1? and Glyptograptus sp. 2?. Biostratigraphical link between the graptolite assemblages in Langkawi and the assemblages in British, China and Myanmar is discussed. The revised graptolite assemblages suggest only the Stimulograptus sedgwickii Biozone is present for the topmost 270 cm interval of the Tanjung Dendang Formation.
Depositional environment characterization in deltaic system by utilizing core, well log and seismic attribute data, Northern Malay Basin
Authors: Kamilah Tsara , Hermana Maman , Almanna Luluan , Mokhtar Siti Sorhana Syazwani , Yunginger Raghel
Published: April 2022

The heterogeneity of shallow marine facies is quite hard to be solved. However, integrating all the data is essential to determine the details of facies distribution, whereas facies characterization is an important part that should be done before the petrophysical characterisation. This study aims to evaluate the reservoir depositional facies distribution using seismic well log and core data based on sequence stratigraphy concept, seismic interpretation, and seismic attributes, thus reducing the risk of oil exploration and improving the success rate. To ensure the objective is achieved, sequence stratigraphy interpretation has been done using integrating well log, core, and seismic data to identify the depositional environment. Distribution of coal helps to create well log correlation. Lithofacies and fluid have been interpreted according to core, test and log patterns, such as; gas sand, brine sand, shale, and coal. Based on the characteristic of logs, biostratigraphy and core data, five depositional environments have been interpreted in this study including in-distributary channel, delta plain (flood plain shale), crevasse splay, delta front shale (prodelta), and mouth bar. The interval of the target area is generally influenced by regression systems where on the lower formation is dominated by the transition depositional environment and changed to be dominant of delta plain.
Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling for CO2 adsorption on Marcellus Shale
Authors: Irfan Sayed Ameenuddin , Abdulkareem Firas A. , Radman Amatalrhman , Faugere Gauthier , Padmanabhan Eswaran
Published: April 2022

In this work, artificial neural network modeling for CO2 adsorption on various types of Marcellus shale samples is studied. The eight shale geometries are investigated for their CO2 adsorption at 298k and up to 50bar pressure utilizing a gravimetric technique and magnetic suspension balance. ANN modelling was applied to investigate three main objectives which are the impact of various training algorithms, various data initiation points, and altered training/validating ratios and number of neurons required for ANN model. The work can provide insightful knowledge linked to the impact of each of the studied parameters which play an important role in ANN modeling and training algorithms. The outcomes can provide an optimized matrix for unconventional resources, enhanced gas and oil recovery applications intend to apply the artificial intelligence modeling in their assessments.
Sum rules for Clebsch–Gordan coefficients from group theory and Runge-Lenz-Pauli vector
Authors: Pain Jean-Christophe
Published: April 2022

We present sum rules for Clebsch–Gordan coefficients in the framework of SO(4) group-theoretical description of the hydrogen atom. The main results are obtained using properties of the Runge-Lenz-Pauli vector, in particular expressing the matrix elements of the powers of its last component both in spherical and parabolic basis. Connections with Stark effect and diamagnetism of the hydrogen atom are outlined.
Narrating the Field of Communication Through Some Female Voices: Women’s Experiences and Stories in Academia
Authors: García-Jiménez Leonarda , Herrero Esperanza
Published: April 2022

The field of communication has been constructed through primarily masculinized stories, such as the myth of the “founding fathers,” a situation that has tended to exclude the views and figures of female researchers. This article tries to remedy this by recovering the voices of women via eight in-depth interviews among prominent researchers (second-generation, 1960s–1970s) from Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Italy, the UK, and the US. The results illustrate the inequality, sexual harassment, lack of legitimacy, and stereotypes faced by these women, and their strong emotional leadership. Their stories of success show how academia is a field of struggle where hegemony, domination, and resistance coexist. However, female experiences in academia are diverse and complex. That is why the article concludes with the need to continue tracking the stories of so many different women as knowing subjects, as well as the challenges of intersectionality in the epistemological construction of the field.
Back to Bandung for the Future: The Never-Ending Project of De-imperialization
Authors: Chen Kuan-Hsing , Lu Miao , Qiu Jack Linchuan
Published: April 2022

As intellectuals in modern education systems, “we are all foreigners,” foreign to our histories, local conditions, and commoners living next to us. The proposal for a global Bandung School (BS) has been on the table, with the mission to transform existing modes of thought and carry on the de-imperializing spirit of Bandung. By establishing Mandarin-World Bandung School (MBS), we propose to rediscover the spirit of anti-imperialism through locally grounded praxis and renewed intellectual trusteeship. De-imperialization is possible. The communication field shall be a critical site for global transformation beyond “coloniality.”
Does restricting therapeutic antibiotics use influence efficiency of pig farms? Evidence from Denmark’s Yellow Card Initiative
Authors: Belay Dagim G , Jensen Jørgen D
Published: April 2022

In the light of increasing awareness of public health risks from livestock-sourced antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial use in animal agriculture is facing increased regulations around the world. The most recent and sophisticated addition is the Danish Yellow Card Initiative, which imposes quantity restriction on therapeutic antibiotic use. Using a panel $m$-order conditional efficiency analysis, this article provides one of the first empirical estimates of the association between the Danish Yellow Card Initiative and the economic efficiency of pig farms. The research design enables us to establish associations rather than causal relationships but the results suggest a small reduction (0.15 percentage points for the average farm) in revenue efficiency and a small reduction (0.03 percentage points) in cost efficiency in the short run after imposing restrictions to antibiotic use.
Genetic analysis of DAF-18/PTEN missense mutants for the ability to maintain quiescence of the somatic gonad and germ line in Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larvae
Authors: Wittes Julia , Greenwald Iva
Published: April 2022

The mammalian tumor suppressor PTEN has well-established lipid phosphatase and protein phosphatase activities. DAF-18, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of PTEN, has a high degree of conservation in the catalytic domain, and human PTEN complements a null allele of daf-18, suggesting conserved protein function. Insights gleaned from studies of mammalian PTEN have been applied to studies of DAF-18 in C. elegans, including predicted enzymatic properties of mutants. Here, we characterize DAF-18 missense mutants previously treated as selectively disrupting either protein or lipid phosphatase activity in genetic assays to connect distinct phenotypes to specific enzymatic activities of DAF-18/PTEN. We analyze the ability of these mutants to maintain quiescence of the somatic gonad and germ line in dauer larvae, a state of diapause during which development is suspended. We show that transgenes expressing either the putative lipid phosphatase-deficient or putative protein phosphatase-deficient form fail to complement a daf-18 null allele, and that the corresponding homozygous endogenous missense mutant alleles fail to maintain developmental quiescence. We also show that the endogenous daf-18 missense alleles fail to complement each other, suggesting that one or both of the missense forms are not activity-selective. Furthermore, homozygous daf-18 missense mutants have a more severe phenotype than a daf-18 null mutant, suggesting the presence of functionally compromised mutant DAF-18 is more deleterious than the absence of DAF-18. We discuss how these genetic properties complicate the interpretation of genetic assays to associate specific enzymatic activities with specific phenotypes.
High-throughput characterization, correlation, and mapping of leaf photosynthetic and functional traits in the soybean (Glycine max) nested association mapping population
Authors: Montes Christopher M , Fox Carolyn , Sanz-Sáez Álvaro , Serbin Shawn P , Kumagai Etsushi , Krause Matheus D , Xavier Alencar , Specht James E , Beavis William D , Bernacchi Carl J , Diers Brian W , Ainsworth Elizabeth A
Published: April 2022

Photosynthesis is a key target to improve crop production in many species including soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A challenge is that phenotyping photosynthetic traits by traditional approaches is slow and destructive. There is proof-of-concept for leaf hyperspectral reflectance as a rapid method to model photosynthetic traits. However, the crucial step of demonstrating that hyperspectral approaches can be used to advance understanding of the genetic architecture of photosynthetic traits is untested. To address this challenge, we used full-range (500–2,400 nm) leaf reflectance spectroscopy to build partial least squares regression models to estimate leaf traits, including the rate-limiting processes of photosynthesis, maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate, and maximum electron transport. In total, 11 models were produced from a diverse population of soybean sampled over multiple field seasons to estimate photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content, leaf carbon and leaf nitrogen percentage, and specific leaf area (with R2 from 0.56 to 0.96 and root mean square error approximately <10% of the range of calibration data). We explore the utility of these models by applying them to the soybean nested association mapping population, which showed variability in photosynthetic and leaf traits. Genetic mapping provided insights into the underlying genetic architecture of photosynthetic traits and potential improvement in soybean. Notably, the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate mapped to a region of chromosome 19 containing genes encoding multiple small subunits of Rubisco. We also mapped the maximum electron transport rate to a region of chromosome 10 containing a fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase gene, encoding an important enzyme in the regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and the sucrose biosynthetic pathway. The estimated rate-limiting steps of photosynthesis were low or negatively correlated with yield suggesting that these traits are not influenced by the same genetic mechanisms and are not limiting yield in the soybean NAM population. Leaf carbon percentage, leaf nitrogen percentage, and specific leaf area showed strong correlations with yield and may be of interest in breeding programs as a proxy for yield. This work is among the first to use hyperspectral reflectance to model and map the genetic architecture of the rate-limiting steps of photosynthesis.
Critical metabolic pathways and SAD/FADs, WRI1s, and DGATs cooperate for high-oleic acid oil production in developing oil tea (Camellia oleifera) seeds
Authors: Yang Jihong , Chen Beibei , Manan Sehrish , Li Penghui , Liu Chun , She Guangbiao , Zhao Shancen , Zhao Jian
Published: April 2022

Oil tea trees produce high-quality edible oils with desirably high oleic acid (18:1) and low linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) fatty acid (FA) levels, but limited understanding of tea oil biosynthesis and regulation has become a significant obstacle for the breeding of high-yield and -quality oil tea varieties. By integrating metabolite and transcriptome analyses of developing oil tea seeds, we dissected the critical metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, fatty acid, and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, as well as genes essential for tea seed oil production. Two plastidic stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturases (CoSAD1 and 2) and two endoplasmic reticulum-localized FA desaturases (CoFAD2 and 3) were functionally characterized as responsible for high 18:1 and low 18:2 and 18:3 proportions in tea oils. Two diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases (CoDGAT1 and 2) that may prefer to synthesize 18:1-TAG were functionally characterized and might be also important for high 18:1-TAG production. The highly expressed CoWRI1a and b were identified and characterized as activators of glycolysis and regulators of directing source carbon flux into FA biosynthesis in developing oil tea seeds. The upregulated CoSADs with downregulated CoFAD2 and CoFAD3 at the late seed developmental stages mainly accounted for high 18:1 levels. Two CoDGATs might be responsible for assembling TAGs with oleoyl acyl chains, whilst two CoWRI1s regulated carbons from parental sources, partitioning into oil production in oil tea embryo sinks. This study provides a deep understanding of the biosynthesis of tea seed oils and information on genes that may be used as molecular markers to breed oil tea varieties with higher oil yield and quality.
Introducing melatonin to the horticultural industry: physiological roles, potential applications, and challenges
Authors: Gao Tengteng , Liu Xiaomin , Tan Kexin , Zhang Danni , Zhu Bolin , Ma Fengwang , Li Chao
Published: April 2022

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an emerging biomolecule that influences horticultural crop growth, flowering, fruit ripening, postharvest preservation, and stress protection. It functions as a plant growth regulator, preservative and antimicrobial agent to promote seed germination, regulate root system architecture, influence flowering and pollen germination, promote fruit production, ensure postharvest preservation, and increase resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Here, we highlight the potential applications of melatonin in multiple aspects of horticulture, including molecular breeding, vegetative reproduction, production of virus-free plants, food safety, and horticultural crop processing. We also discuss its effects on parthenocarpy, autophagy, and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Together, these many features contribute to the promise of melatonin for improving horticultural crop production and food safety. Effective translation of melatonin to the horticultural industry requires an understanding of the challenges associated with its uses, including the development of economically viable sources.
Comparative methylomics and chromatin accessibility analysis in
Osmanthus fragrans
uncovers regulation of genic transcription and mechanisms of key floral scent production
Authors: Han Yuanji , Lu Miaomiao , Yue Shumin , Li Ke , Dong Meifang , Liu Luxian , Wang Hongyun , Shang Fude
Published: April 2022

Linalool and ionone are two important aromatic components in sweet osmanthus petals, and the regulatory mechanisms that produce these two components remain unclear. In this study, we employed whole-genome methylation sequencing and ATAC-seq technology to analyze the genomic DNA methylation status and chromatin accessibility of the sweet osmanthus cultivars ‘Zaohuang’ and ‘Chenghong Dangui’. Results showed that the promoter region of TPS2, a key gene in the linalool synthesis pathway, was less methylated in ‘Chenghong Dangui’ than in ‘Zaohuang’. The chromatin was more accessible in ‘Chenghong Dangui’ than in ‘Zaohuang’, which resulted in a much stronger expression of this gene in ‘Chenghong Dangui’ than in ‘Zaohuang’. This eventually led to a high quantity of linalool and its oxides in the petals of ‘Chenghong Dangui’, but there were lower levels present in the petals of ‘Zaohuang’. These results suggest that DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility play major roles in linalool synthesis in sweet osmanthus. The methylation level of the promoter region of CCD4, a key gene for ionone synthesis, was higher in ‘Zaohuang’ than in ‘Chenghong Dangui’. The chromatin accessibility was lower in ‘Zaohuang’ than in ‘Chenghong Dangui’, although the expression of this gene was significantly higher in ‘Zaohuang’ than in ‘Chenghong Dangui’. ChIP-seq analysis and a series of experiments showed that the differential expression of CCD4 and CCD1 in the two cultivars may predominantly be the result of regulation by ERF2 and other transcription factors. However, a 183-bp deletion involving the CCD4 promoter region in ‘Chenghong Dangui’ may be the main reason for the low expression of this gene in its petals. This study provides an important theoretical basis for improving selective breeding of key floral fragrance components in sweet osmanthus.
Functional analysis of the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase family of Camellia sinensis: exploiting key amino acids to reconstruct reduction activity
Authors: Ruan Haixiang , Shi Xingxing , Gao Liping , Rashid Arif , Li Yan , Lei Ting , Dai Xinlong , Xia Tao , Wang Yunsheng
Published: April 2022

Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) are important types of flavonoids, plant secondary metabolites with a wide range of industrial and pharmaceutical applications. DFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) is a pivotal enzyme that plays an important role in the flavonoid pathway. Here, four CsDFR genes were isolated from Camellia sinensis, and their overexpression was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Based on transcription and metabolic analyses, CsDFR expression was closely consistent with catechins and PAs accumulation. Moreover, enzyme activity analyses revealed that the two recombinant proteins CsDFRa and CsDFRc exhibited DFR activity, converting dihydroflavonols into leucoanthocyanins in vitro, but CsDFRb1 and CsDFRb3 did not. CsDFRa and CsDFRc overexpression in AtDFR mutants (tt3) revealed that CsDFRs are involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and PAs, as CsDFRa and CsDFRc restored not only the purple petiole phenotype but also the seed coat color. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the two amino acid residues S117 and T123 of CsDFRa play a prominent role in controlling DFR reductase activity. Enzymatic assays indicated that CsDFRa and CsDFRc exhibited a higher affinity for DHQ and DHK, respectively, whereas CsDFRb1N120S and CsDFRb1C126T exhibited a higher affinity for DHM. Our findings comprehensively characterize the DFRs from C. sinensis and shed light on their critical role in metabolic engineering.
Current Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis Practices After Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Bickston Stephen J , Patrone Michael V
Published: April 2022

Lay Summary

Recent events shed light on the high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the importance of prophylaxis in such patients. Protocols within the electronic medical record help improve compliance with VTE prophylaxis.
Molecular biomarker-defined brain tumors: Epidemiology, validity, and completeness in the United States
Authors: Iorgulescu J Bryan , Sun Chuxuan , Neff Corey , Cioffi Gino , Gutierrez Catherine , Kruchko Carol , Ruhl Jennifer , Waite Kristin A , Negoita Serban , Hofferkamp Jim , Tihan Tarik , McLendon Roger , Brat Daniel J , Ostrom Quinn T , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S
Published: April 2022

Background

Selected molecular biomarkers were incorporated into the US cancer registry reporting for patients with brain tumors beginning in 2018. We investigated the completeness and validity of these variables and described the epidemiology of molecularly defined brain tumor types.

Methods

Brain tumor patients with histopathologically confirmed diagnosis in 2018 were identified within the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States and NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Incidence databases. The brain molecular markers (BMM) site-specific data item was assessed for coding completeness and validity. 1p/19q status, MGMT promoter methylation, WHO grade data items, and new ICD-O-3 codes were additionally evaluated. These data were used to profile the characteristics and age-adjusted incidence rates per 100 000 population of molecularly defined brain tumors with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results

BMM completeness across the applicable tumor types was 75%-92% and demonstrated favorable coding validity. IDH-wildtype glioblastomas’ incidence rate was 1.74 (95% CI: 1.69-1.78), as compared to 0.14 for WHO grade 2 (95% CI: 0.12-0.15), 0.15 for grade 3 (95% CI: 0.14-0.16), and 0.07 for grade 4 (95% CI: 0.06-0.08) IDH-mutant astrocytomas. Irrespective of WHO grade, IDH mutation prevalence was highest in adolescent and young adult patients, and IDH-mutant astrocytomas were more frequently MGMT promoter methylated. Among pediatric-type tumors, the incidence rate was 0.06 for H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas (95% CI: 0.05-0.07), 0.03 for SHH-activated/TP53-wildtype medulloblastomas (95% CI: 0.02-0.03), and <0.01 for both C19MC-altered embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes and RELA-fusion ependymomas.

Conclusions

Our findings illustrate the success of developing a dedicated, integrated diagnosis variable, which provides critical molecular information about brain tumors related to accurate diagnosis.