bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of the removal of microcystin-LR by UV-radiation and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Loaiza-González Jinna Marcela , León Salazar Melba Cristina , Rubio-Clemente Ainhoa , Rodríguez Loaiza Diana Catalina , Peñuela Mesa Gustavo Antonio
Published: July 2019

Due to the harmful effects associated with the presence of microcystin-LR  (MC-LR) cyanotoxin, photo-degradation assays were performed in natural and distilled water using the combined action of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The effect of H2O2 content and UV irradiance was evaluated and optimized using a multilevel factorial design in distilled water spiked with 20 μg L-1 MC-LR. The coupled UV/H2O2 system under optimal operating conditions (0.63 mW cm-2 irradiance and 30 mg L-1 H2O2) was more effective than the individual action of UV irradiance or H2O2 content for 30 min of treatment time, since a reduction of 97.78% of MC-LR was achieved. After optimizing the operating conditions, they were applied for natural water, obtaining MC-LR removals similar to those achieved with distilled water (99.59 and 99.73%, respectively), reaching a final MC-LR concentration in both matrices well below the maximum recommended limit established by WHO for MC-LR in drinking water, fixed at 1 μg L-1. 15 mg L-1 of H2O2 were also tested, and although 98.08% of MC-LR elimination was found for a reaction time of 60 min, WHO advisable limit was not surpassed.  The UV/H2O2 process could be considered as an alternative to the conventional processes water facilities are operating with to tackle the problem of fresh water pollution with cyanotoxins, providing the accomplishment of the whole set of water quality standards included in the legislation.
Accuracy of the interpersonal perception by human face in a communicative situation
Authors: Ananyeva K.I. , Tovuu N.O.
Published: July 2019

We studied the adequacy of the assessment of personal characteristics in the perception of people of different races (Caucasoid and Mongoloid) in situations of individual and joint decision making. The study involved two samples of subjects, residents of Moscow and Kyzyl (Republic of Tyva). The adequacy of assessing the personal characteristics of the sitters was analyzed using the values received from the scales of the “Personal Differential” questionnaire. The grouping variables were the region of residence of study participants and the morphological type of the face of the sitter. It is shown that the adequacy of assessing personality based on face perception is selective, and the possibility of discussing one’s own impressions with a partner can be both a resource and a hindrance to the adequacy of judgments about a personality based on a facial image.
Age effect on relationships between inhibitory functions of executive attention system and visual memory
Authors: Razumnikova O.M.
Published: July 2019

It is known that aging is accompanied by a weakening of the processes of inhibition in the central nervous system, but with a significant individual variability. In connection with this, the purpose of the study was to study the patterns of these age effects using experimental models of executive control of attention and memory. It is shown that relationships between the intelligence, the speed of information selection, the volume of short-term visual memory and the indicator of proactive interference that obtained in twenty-year-old adults are disrupted in the sixty-year-olds. For both age groups, differentiation of memory strategies is characterized by either Retrieval-Induced Forgetting or Retrieval-Based Learning. Young with the dominance of the Retrieval-Induced Forgetting effect differ in higher intelligence from those who are characterized by the predominance of Retrieval-Based Learning strategies, and the elderly — the best executive control of attention. Therefore, despite the positive impact of Retrieval-Based Learning on memory, the effectiveness of cognitive activity in the elderly is more closely related to preserving of inhibitory functions in information interference processes.
Psychometric properties of instruments of measurement of social comparison orientation
Authors: Savchenko T.N. , Samoylenko E.S. , Korbut A.V.
Published: July 2019

In the article, the results of a comparative analysis of psychometric properties of the Iowa-Netherlands Social Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) (Gibbons, Buunk, 1999) versions administered to different cultural samples (American, English, Dutch, German and Russian), and Russian Social Comparison Orientation Questionnaire (RSCOQ) (Samoylenko, 2012, in Russian) are presented. For the INCOM versions, similarity in their high reliability and differences in their factor structures as well as in the ways to measure their construct and external validity were revealed. For the INCOM and RSCOQ, significant positive associations between their comparison orientaion total measures as well as their separate factors were revealed. This means a possibility to combine the two instruments when testing individual differences in social comparison orientation.
The development of homozygous maize lines using an in vivo haploid induction in the Croatian germplasm
Authors: Mazur Maja , Vila Sonja , Brkić Ivan , Jambrović Antun , Šimić Domagoj
Published: July 2019

The in vivo haploid induction has been widely applied to the maize breeding in recent decades, but it has not been used in the breeding programs in the Republic of Croatia by now. This study's objectives were to examine the haploid induction rates in the Croatian germplasm and to evaluate the properties of the D0 haploids, which are essential for a successful implementation of this method in breeding. The in vivo haploid induction was performed on 11 single-cross hybrids using the Zarodyshevy Marker Krasnodarsky (ZMK) inducer, and colchicine was used as a chromosome doubling agent. Emergence, misclassification rate, colchicine treatment survival, chromosome doubling rate and self-pollination success were examined in the D0 generation. The haploid induction rates ranged from 6.9 to 15.8%, which is consistent with the average induction rates characteristic of the ZMK inducer and the other modern ones. Significant differences were found among the populations of D0 haploids for all tested properties, except for self-pollination success. On average, the misclassification rates were lower, and the seedling survival rates were higher than those reported in other studies, indicating a possibility of a successful application of the doubled haploid method in maize breeding.
Message from Editor
Authors: Ozcan Deniz
Published: July 2019

Message from the EditorDear Readers,It is the great honor for us to publish 7th Volume, 3rd Issue of Contemporary Educational ResearchesJournal.Contemporary Educational Researches Journal (CERJ) welcomes original empirical investigations andcomprehensive literature review articles focusing on educational issues. The journal is aninternational peer-refereed journal that promotes the researches in the field of contemporaryteaching and learning approaches and theories. The scope of the journal includes, but is not limitedto; the following major topics as they relate to: Active Learning, Administration of Education, AdultEducation, Affective Learning, Classroom Assessment, Classroom Management, Classroom TeacherEducation, Collaborative Learning, College and Higher Education, College and Higher Education,Constructivist Learning, Instructional Design, Learning and Teaching Research Methods, LearningAssessment and Evaluation, Learning Assessment and Evaluation, Learning Psychology, LifelongLearning Strategies, Learning Skills, Vocational Education, Measurement and Evaluation in Education,New Learning Environments, Portfolio Assessment, Professional Development and SchoolAdministration.
The figurative idioms of English, German and Kazakh in contrast
Authors: Zhumanbekova Nurkesh Zeynullovna , Bentyaa Yevgeniya Victorovna , Dzharbulova Anargul
Published: July 2019

This article discusses the figurative phraseological units, namely, the idioms of English, German and Kazakh languages in comparative aspect. It appeals to the phraseology of imagery due to the fact that the imagery—a defining component of semantic derivation and semantics of phraseological units in particular. The main goal is to make a contribution to the theory of phraseology, based on the tradition of comparative phraseology. Also, a brief review of domestic and foreign publications in the field of comparative phraseology is done and the article describes the results of practical analysis of idioms in three languages. The main features of the analysed units are multi-component structure, stability, idiomaticity that distinguishes them from other expressions. They can be interpreted in two different conceptual levels: literal sense and figurative sense. In the analysis are used the method of field simulation. The study aims to identify and develop a model describing visual images as elements of the cognitive system. Keywords: Imagery, visuality, imagery means, imagery structure.
Mejoras del proceso de diseño en la industria de transistores de microondas
Authors: Rafael-Valdivia Guillermo
Published: July 2019

Este artículo presenta una técnica para mejorar el proceso de diseño industrial de transistores de microondas, basado en un diseño de experimentos mejorado (DOE) y un modelado electrotérmico (MET) expandido. El diseño de experimentos DOE permitió centrar el diseño a través de variaciones en parámetros específicos, para evitar complejas simulaciones electromagnéticas de acoplamiento mutuo entre los cables dentro del mismo transistor, que generalmente en herramientas CAD convencionales presentan un elevado costo computacional. El modelo electrotérmico mejorado utilizando la técnica de voltajes efectivos posibilitó predecir no solo el autocalentamiento, sino también las impedancias apropiadas para la máxima potencia de salida y la máxima eficiencia del transistor. De esta manera fue posible elegir las condiciones de operación que garantizaran un reducido autocalentamiento, así como las mejores condiciones de potencia, eficiencia y linealidad. Las técnicas presentadas son útiles para la implementación de amplificadores de potencia en los futuros sistemas de comunicación inalámbricos, ya que deben trabajar con potencias elevadas que producen autocalentamiento y con señales de gran ancho de banda. La combinación de ambas técnicas permite la reducción de diseño y tiempo de producción en el ámbito industrial. El diseño de experimento mejorado posibilitó centrar el diseño del transistor para asegurar la obtención de los mejores desempeños del transistor. La caracterización térmica facilitó que el transistor de microondas, implementado en un circuito impreso de potencia, funcionara por debajo de la temperatura máxima permitida, lo que garantiza su vida útil y, en consecuencia, la confiabilidad del sistema de transmisión completo.
Quejas y acusaciones por malas prácticas de gobierno contra Francisco de Sande, Gobernador y Capitán General de las Islas Filipinas: 1575-1580.
Authors: Rojas Gómez Juan Camilo
Published: July 2019

Siguiendo los debates historiográficos recientes sobre la corrupción en la América Hispánica, se describirán las quejas y acusaciones contra Francisco de Sande como Gobernador y Capitán General de las Islas Filipinas (1575-1580), antes de regresar a Nueva España como Oidor de la Audiencia de México y de ser promovido a Guatemala y luego al Nuevo Reino de Granada como Presidente de las audiencias de esos territorios. Se señalará que hay una continuidad en las acusaciones en su contra en todas las latitudes en las que desempeñó oficios reales, contrastando con las historiografías nacionales que han afirmado que sus malas prácticas sucedieron solo en algunos territorios. Por último, se abre la investigación a pensar en el capital relacional de Francisco de Sande para comprender las dinámicas de la corrupción en un periodo tan temprano.
El ejercicio histórico como ejercicio del poder: el Cabinet des chartes y la sociogénesis de la archivística francesa
Authors: Domínguez David J.
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto realizar una revisión crítica de la actividad histórico-erudita del Cabinet des chartes. Creada en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, esta institución representa un claro ejemplo de ósmosis entre la política y la erudición histórica. En un contexto marcado por la disputa entre la monarquía y los parlamentos, el estudio del Cabinet des chartes representa un acceso estratégico al campo de la reflexión historiográfica, al tiempo que nos permite ilustrar el modo en que la actividad investigadora queda supeditada a la constitución de un cuerpo unificado de derecho, producto él mismo de la compilación documental ejecutada por dicha institución. Lo que plantea este artículo es un análisis de las líneas de investigación y las preocupaciones ideológicas del Cabinet. Para lo cual es preciso realizar un análisis crítico de las fuentes documentales generadas en el transcurso de su actividad, haciendo especial hincapié en aquellos aspectos que más dejan entrever la lucha de la institución monárquica por la acumulación de capital simbólico. Por último, el texto reflexiona sobre los efectos que esta archivística ha legado para los marcos clasificatorios de la historiografía francesa de finales del siglo XIX.
Corrupciones no probadas: el «fraude» del correo mayor en nueva españa (1693-1701)
Authors: Gonzalez Martinez Nelson Fernando
Published: July 2019

A finales del siglo XVII  el Correo Mayor de Nueva España fue acusado de defraudar a la Real Hacienda en una cifra cercana a los 16.000 pesos. La denuncia fue proferida por el Conde de Moctezuma, virrey de la Nueva España. En este contexto, los Correos Mayores eran individuos encargados de coordinar la distribución de correspondencia en algunos lugares de España y las Indias. El artículo pretende analizar la manera en que fue constituida tal acusación por corrupción y por qué no logró probarse. En este caso, tuvo lugar un «escándalo» en México y Madrid, el cual derivó en una exhaustiva investigación legal y contable. Al resolverse el caso, el principal encargado de la distribución de correspondencia en Nueva España logró salvarse del desprestigio y, de cierta manera, refrendar el buen nombre de las concesiones de correos en América. La querella representa la más grande denuncia por defraudación que se hizo en contra de un Correo Mayor dentro del imperio español.
Resolusi Konflik Melalui Nilai-nilai Kultur Pesantren
Authors: Mutakin Ali
Published: July 2019

Islamic boarding schools are an educational institution that is strongand strong in devoting itself to providing education for this nation,especially Islamic education. The robustness of pesantren, not because ofpeace or comfort in it without any problems or conflicts at all, but ratherthe ability of the managers (kyai, ajengan, caregivers, tuan guru) inmanaging existing problems into something positive in accordance withthe pesantren culture. The conflicts that occur in pesantren includeinternal conflicts and external conflicts. The value of pesantren culturein resolving conflicts is: marriage between pesantren, kinship,istighosah, haul, mujahadah, akhirus sanah. The stages of conflictresolution in pesantren are: silaturrahmi as a process of conflictprevention, bahtsul masa'il as a process of suppressing conflict andconflict dividing, tabayun as a regulation and management of conflict,and islah as the final process of conflict resolution.
Desakralisasi Simbol Politheisme dalam Silsilah Wayang: Sebuah Kajian Living Qur’an dan Dakwah Walisongo di Jawa
Authors: Bakhri Syamsul , Hidayatullah Ahmad
Published: July 2019

An Wayang is an adoptive creation from the Ramayana Mahabharataepic in the past that certainly full of Hinduism value. Descriptivequalitative research use library study approach aims to find out thedesacralization of symbols of polytheism through the composition ofwayang lineages. Those data validity is obtained by triangulating datasources, By integrating data from journals and books on wayanglineages then analyzed by the acculturation theory of Koentjaraningrat.The results showed that Walisongo was the creator and composer ofwayang in new shape. Gap between Islam and Hinduism, especially onthe theological side, polytheism raises the desacralization of symbols ofpolytheism, through the formation of a new lineage of the wayang. Thechange also changes the value of the epic Ramayana Mahabharata storythat is centered on Trimurti before, to the nasab of the Prophet Sis thenthe Prophet Adam which is a representation of the symbol of Godmonotheism that does not have children, as writen in Al Qur’an; Changesin the wayang lineage and da'wah were carried out persuasively byWalisongo without causing any conflict in the community, evenbloodshed.
Fitotoxicidade de óleos essenciais em plantas de melancia, feijão e arroz
Authors: Brum Rúbia Borges Cruz Sarmento , Castro Henrique Guilhon , Gama Francismar Rodrigues , Gordon Carlos Henrique , Santos Gil Rodrigues
Published: July 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar a ação dos óleos essenciais de citronela (Cymbopogon nardus), capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus), erva-cidreira (Lippia alba) e hortelã-pimenta (Mentha piperita) sobre plantas de melancia (Citrullus lanatus), feijão-carioca (Phaseolus vulgaris) e arroz (Oryza sativa). Para cada cultura foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial com quatro repetições, em que os fatores foram quatro tipos de óleos essenciais e quatro concentrações dos óleos (0,5; 1; 2; e 4%). Dezoito dias após o plantio, as plantas foram pulverizadas com as soluções dos óleos essenciais, e 24 horas depois foi feita a avaliação de fitotoxicidade utilizando-se a escala de notas de zero (0) (ausência de fitotoxicidade) a 100 (100%) (murcha total da planta). A concentração de 2% dos óleos essenciais avaliados foi fitotóxica para as três espécies de plantas. Em plântulas de melancia o óleo de capim-limão foi o mais fitotóxico, onde nas concentrações de 2 e 4% apresentou toxicidade de 68,75 e 75%, respectivamente. O feijão foi o menos sensível aos óleos essenciais, apresentando 50% de fitotoxicidade quando submetido aos óleos de citronela e capim-limão a 4%. Ocorreu murcha e ressecamento das plantas de arroz sob 4% dos óleos de hortelã-pimenta e citronela.
Características agronômicas e resistência de genótipos de feijão comum à mela no sul do estado do Tocantins
Authors: Sousa Sérgio Alves , Oliveira Taynar Coelho , Gonçalves Gustavo Melo Oliveira , Lopes Marília Barcelos Souza , Santos Gil Rodrigues , Fidelis Rodrigo Ribeiro
Published: July 2019

TO feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma cultura que teve seu cultivo disseminado por todo o mundo, sendo importante componente da alimentação de diversos países. No Brasil é cultivado em todos os estados e em diferentes épocas, porém, a produtividade no estado do Tocantins na época das “águas” têm sido baixa devido principalmente à alta incidência de doenças como a mela. Sendo assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características agronômicas e a resistência de genótipos de feijão comum a mela. O estudo foi conduzido na área Experimental da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, no município de Gurupi na safra 2011/2012. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso com três repetições e 14 genótipos. Foram avaliadas as características: diâmetro do colmo, altura da planta, altura da inserção da primeira vagem, número de vagem por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de cem grãos, produtividade de grãos e severidade da mela. As condições climáticas favoreceram o desenvolvimento e a maior severidade da mela no feijoeiro, onde mesmo assim, foi constatada variabilidade genética entre os genótipos quanto à resistência a esta doença. As linhagens CNFP-10762 e CNFP10794 se destacaram por apresentarem menor suscetibilidade a mela e maiores produtividades de grãos.
CONDITION OF CORAL REEF, SEAGRASS AND MANGROVE IN TOURISM GARDEN OF TIWORO STRAIT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
Authors: Hamsir Muh , Furkan Al , Izas Fajar , Agam Adiyaat Ridho , Jaya Fitra
Published: July 2019

The biodiversity of the Tiworo Strait Conservation Area (KKLD) was highly potential to be developed. However, in recent years, potential utilization has begun to lead to environmental destruction due to the use of destructive fishing gear. Therefore, biophysical studies were needed to give an overview and outlook about the area in order to provide information on the condition of coral reefs, reef fish, mangrove, sea grass, scare/endemic biota and socioeconomic conditions as well as the cause of aquatic ecosystems destruction. The method used to collect the data in the field is by undertaking observation, interview, and literature study method. Observation of coral cover and benthos used was by Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method while for the reef fish, the method used was a visual water census (UVC). Quadratic transect method was used for observation of sea grass and mangrove ecosystem. Meanwhile, the socio-economic condition is done by interview survey technique. The observation result shows the coral condition of the Tiworo Straits KKLD was in the medium category with the mean percentage of live coral of 46%. The lowest percentage of live coral was located at Station 1 of Mandike Island (18%), and the highest was at the Indo Island Station (76%), which is categorized as very good. The number of individual reef fish is 1.217 individuals / m2, and benthos type that dominates was sea urchin. The highest density of mangrove trees was 4000 trees/ha and the lowest was 200 trees/ha. The types of sea grasses observed were Thallasia hemprichi and Ehalus acroides. People, in general, have a livelihood as a fisherman with gill net fishing gear and fishing platform.
BEACH DEBRIS ON LABUANGE BEACH, BARRU DISTRICT, SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Isyrini Rantih , Tambaru Rahmadi , La Nafie Yayu A. , Ukkas Marzuki , Cordova Muhammad Reza
Published: July 2019

To support the efforts of the Indonesian government in managing marine debris that has a broad potential negative impact in various aspects, beach debris monitoring activities are urgently required in various locations. This research was carried out from June to August 2018 in the west coast region, on Labuange beach, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, which was exposed by the Indonesian Through-Flow. The study aimed to determine the amount, weight and composition of marine debris on Labuange beach.  Marine debris was sampled from a permanent line transect with an area of 150 m2 (three replications). Samples were then cleaned, sorted, counted, and weighed. The average amount of marine debris was 5.98 + 2.13 items/m2 per month, with a total weight was 138.69 ± 91.32 g/m2 per month. Plastic and rubber category dominated every sampling period in the location. The abundance of marine debris, both regarding quantity and weight, fluctuated in high amount during the sampling period, which indicated the magnitude of the role of oceanographic factors, including the direction of waves, and lack of community awareness on marine debris impacts and management. The great amount and weight of marine debris and the type of waste, which was dominated by plastic and rubber is a potential threat to humans, marine biota, and the local or global environment.
ESTIMATION OF IMPACT RADIUS OF THE COAL PLANT STACK EMISSION USING AERMOD MODEL
Authors: Assegaf Alimuddin H. Assegaf , Samad Wasir
Published: July 2019

In environmental impact assessment of coal plant, it is essential to determine the radius impact. This information can be used to determine the impacted area, which will significantly receive the pollution emitted from the stack for years. In this study, we use the American Meteorological Society - Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) model, which is a regulated model in the USA and other countries. Five years hourly meteorological data for feeding AERMET model was obtained from MM5 re-analysis data. Terrain data was extracted from the SRTM30 satellite image and converted into DEM. The parameter to be considered in this study is Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Total Suspended Particle (TSP). The calculation shows that the pollutions tend to disperse in the south direction by the wind direction. NO2 is more disperse than SO2 and TSP.  Calculation of impact radius indicates that concentration of all pollutants in annual average is below the national standard. For the case of the highest one hour average gives the radius impact of 18 km for NO2 and 9 km for SO2.  For the case of the highest 24 hours, only NO2 gives value beyond the standard with an impact radius of 4.5 km.  Calculation of TSP indicates that concentration is below the standard in all cases. The maximum concentration of all pollutants is detected 3 km south of the stack.
KARAKTERISTIK ROTI TAWAR DENGAN SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor (L) MOENCH) TERFERMENTASI DAN TANPA FERMENTASI
Authors: Sari Ardhea Mustika , Kurniawati LInda , Mustofa Akhmad
Published: July 2019

This research was aimed to determine the appropriate concentration of fermented and unfermented sorghum flour for bread making which received by the panelists. Sorghum flour was naturally fermented and then dried with cabinet dryer at 60 °C for 8 h. Substitution of sorghum flour either fermented and unfermented performed at various concentration i.e 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Organoleptic test results showed that white bread accepted by panelists was subtituted with fermented and unfermented sorghum flour in concentration of 10% and 20%. White bread with fermented sorghum flour substitution of 10% and 20% have moisture content of
28.702% and 34.392%, while white bread with unfermented sorghum flour has moisture content 28.660% and 31.857%. Ash content of white bread with fermented sorghum flour 10% and 20% were 0.823% and 0.638%, while white bread with unfermented sorghum flour 10% and 20% have ash content of 0.830% and 0.718%.
Fiber content of white bread subtituted with 10% and 20% fermented sorghum flour was 3.375% and 4,206% respectively whereas white bread with 10% and 20% unfermented sorghum flour have fiber content 3.008% and 3.873%.
Key words: fermentation, sorghum flour, white bread
KAJIAN KARAKTER SENSORIS DAN EKONOMI PADA KERUPUK SAYUR
Authors: Kawiji Kawiji
Published: July 2019

Kerupuk sayur adalah kerupuk dengan bahan-bahan wortel, bayam dan jagung manis, dengan demikian kerupuk sayur ini merupakan kerupuk yang mengandung berbagai zat gizi dan vitamin. Kandungan sayuran inilah yang menjadikan kerupuk sayur ini sebagai makanan camilan yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Tujuan
penelitian ini memunculkan produk olahan baru berbasis karbohidrat dan sayuran berbentuk kerupuk yang memiliki nilai tambah vitamin, protein dan kandungan zat besi. Produk baru sebagai kerupuk sayur yang dirancang praktis ini, diharapkan mampu meningkatkan diversifikasi produk sayuran sehingga menjadi produk
olahan yang siap konsumsi.  Pembuatan kerupuk sayur terdiri dari beberapa tahap, yaitu sortasi, penimbangan, pemblanchingan, penghalusan bumbu-bumbu, pembuatan adonan, pengukusan, pendinginan, pencetakan, pengeringan,
penggorengan dan pengemasan. Dari perbandingan t hitung dan t tabel diketahui bahwa warna, kenampakan, aroma, rasa pedas dan rasa asin dari kedua jenis kerupuk adalah sama, sedangkan tekstur dan keseluruhannya berbeda. Dari uji ranking dan skoring kerupuk sayur dengan jagung manis lebih disukai sehingga kerupuk sayur yang akan diproduksi adalah kerupuk sayur dengan penambahan jagung manis dan selanjutnya jenis kerupuk ini yang dianalisis ekonominya.
Biaya produksi yang digunakan dalam pembuatan kerupuk sayur sebesar Rp Rp 296.676,1 per hari dan laba bersih yang diperoleh sebesar Rp 55.006,6 per hari dengan kapasitas produksi kerupuk sayur setiap hari adalah 17,6 kg dengan harga Rp 2.000 per 100 gram (1 bungkus). Berdasarkan perhitungan kelayaan usaha
diperoleh Break Even Point (BEP) produksi sebesar 148,3 bungkus (148 bungkus), yang artinya pada tingkat produksi sebanyak 148 bungkus akan menghasilkan titik impas. Besarnya Return of Invesment (ROI) sebelum pajak yaitu 18,65 % dan ROI sesudah pajak yaitu 18,54 %.
Kata Kunci: karakter sensoris, kerupuk sayur, evaluasi ekonomi
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKO-KIMIA DAN SENSORI VELVA PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) DENGAN PEMANIS MADU
Authors: Rahmawati Suci , Nurhartadi Edhi , Ishartani Dwi
Published: July 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi madu sebagai pengganti sukrosa terhadap karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan sensori velva pepaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yaitu konsentrasi pemanis madu. Konsentrasi pemanis madu yang digunakan 5-15%. Dilakukan pengulangan sampel sebanyak dua kali dan tiga kali pengulangan analisa. Data yang diperoleh pada pengujian fisik, kimia, sensori dianalisis menggunakan one way ANOVA pada tingkat α = 0,05. Jika terdapat perbedaan nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test
(DMRT) pada α= 0,05. Untuk data yang diperoleh dari uji Intensitas Tingkat Kemanisan, jika ada perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh penggunaan pemanis madu meningkatkan
serat pangan, vitamin C, β-karoten, aktivitas antioksidan, daya leleh, dan total padatan terlarut, serta menurunkan kadar air dan overrun velva pepaya yang dihasilkan. Penggunaan pemanis madu berpengaruh nyata terhadap
karakteristik sensori yaitu menurunkan tingkat kesukaan panelis pada parameter warna, rasa, aroma, tekstur, dan overall velva pepaya. Uji intensitas tingkat kemanisan diketahui bahwa velva pepaya dengan 5% pemanis madu
memiliki tingkat kemanisan lebih rendah dari velva pepaya dengan 20% pemanis sukrosa, velva pepaya dengan 10% pemanis madu memiliki tingkat kemanisan sama dengan velva pepaya dengan 20% pemanis sukrosa dan velva pepaya dengan 15% pemanis madu memiliki tingkat kemanisan lebih tinggi dari velva pepaya dengan 20% pemanis sukrosa.

Kata kunci: madu, sukrosa, velva papaya
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA TEPUNG KACANG TURI BERBUNGA PUTIH (Sesbania grandiflora) DENGAN BEBERAPA PERLAKUAN PENDAHULUAN
Authors: Ishartani Dwi , Affandi Dian Rachmawanti , Purnamasari Dessy Cahya
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh perlakuan pendahuluan terhadap sifat kimia (abu, lemak, protein, asam fitat, dan asam sianida) serta sifat fisik (derajat putih, densitas kamba, dan kelarutan) tepung kacang turi berbunga putih. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor,
yaitu perlakuan pendahuluan yang meliputi: kontrol (F1), perebusan 90 menit dengan kulit (F2), perendaman 24 jam dengan kulit (F3), pengupasan kulit (F4), perebusan 90 menit kupas kulit (F5) dan perendaman 24 jam kupas kulit (F6). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh perlakuan pendahuluan menghasilkan tepung dengan kadar abu, asam fitat dan asam sianida (HCN) yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan pendahuluan pengupasan baik dengan maupun tanpa perebusan 90 menit dan perendaman 24 jam (F4, F5, F6) menghasilkan tepung dengan kadar lemak dan kadar protein lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol. Perebusan 90 menit dan perendaman 24 jam menghasilkan tepung dengan kadar lemak dan protein lebih rendah dibandingkan kotrol baik yang dikupas maupun yang tidak dikupas kulitnya (F2, F3, F5, F6). Tepung dengan kadar lemak dan
protein tertinggi yaitu tepung dengan perlakuan pendahuluan pengupasan kulit (F4) dan tepung dengan kadar lemak dan protein terendah yaitu tepung dengan perlakuan pendahuluan perendaman 24 jam tanpa pengupasan kulit (F2). Penurunan kadar asam fitat dan asam sianida terbesar terjadi pada perlakuan pendahuluan perebusan 90 menit disertai pengupasan kulit (F5) sedangkan yang terkecil pada perlakuan pendahuluan pengupasan kulit (F4). Secara umum, perlakuan pendahuluan menurunkan densitas kamba dan kelarutan tepung yang dihasilkan, kecuali tepung dengan perlakuan pendahuluan 24 jam tanpa pengupasan kulit (F2) yang memiliki densitas kamba yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Derajat putih tepung dengan berbagai perlakuan pendahuluan
cukup variatif, yang paling tinggi derajat putihnya adalah tepung dengan perlakuan pendahuluan pengupasan kulit (F4) dan yang paling rendah adalah tepung dengan perlakuan pendahuluan perendaman 24 jam tanpa pengupasan kulit (F2).
Kata kunci : pengupasan kulit, perebusan, perendaman, sifat kimia, tepung kacang turi berbunga putih
KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG UWI PUTIH KULIT COKELAT (Dioscorea rotundata) DALAM PEMBUATAN MINUMAN SINBIOTIK TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA, SENSORI, DAN TOTAL BAKTERI PROBIOTIK
Authors: Andriyani Titin A. , Utami Rohula , Widowati Esti
Published: July 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi tepung uwi putih kulit cokelat terhadap nilai pH, viskositas, kadar asam laktat, karakteristik sensori, dan total bakteri probiotik pada minuman sinbiotik uwi putih kulit cokelat. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap utama yaitu pembutatan tepung uwi putih kulit cokelat dan pembuatan minuman sinbiotik uwi putih kulit cokelat. Rancangan percobaan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yaitu kombinasi tepung uwi putih kulit cokelat. Untuk melihat beda nyata antar perlakuan dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan oneway ANOVA pada taraf α 0,05 dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf α 0,05. Perbedaan konsentrasi tepung uwi putih kulit cokelat memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap nilai pH, nilai viskositas, kadar asam laktat, nilai sensori, dan total bakteri probiotik. Nilai pH terendah (3,68), kadar asam laktat tertinggi (0,60%), dan total bakteri probiotik terbesar (9,39 log cfu/ml) didapatkan dari penambahan 2,5% tepung uwi putih kulit cokelat dan 7,5% susu skim. Nilai viskositas terbesar didapatkan dari penambahan 10% tepung uwi putih kulit cokelat dan 0% susu skim yaitu 10,92mPas. Berdasarkan analisis sensori penambahan tepung uwi putih kulit cokelat 7,5% dan susu skim 2,5% memiliki nilai sensori paling baik diantara keempat sampel lainnya berdasarkan parameter warna (2,78), kekentalan (2,41) dan overall (2,85).
POLA PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT SELAMA FERMENTASI SUSU KEDELAI
Authors: Hidayati Darimiyya
Published: July 2019

Susu kedelai merupakan sumber kaya protein dan asam lemak tidak jenuh tetapi kurang diterima secara
luas karena rasa dan kepercayaan masyarakat bahwa susu kedelai dapat menyebabkan flatulensi. Susu kedelai
merupakan medium yang baik untuk pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat karena kemampuan dalam pemanfaatan
oligosakarida (sukrosa, raffinosa dan stakiosa) pada kedelai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pola
pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat pada susu kedelai. 4 strain bakteri asam laktat ditumbuhkan pada susu kedelai
selama 24 jam. pH dan total bakteri asam laktat dianalisis setiap 3 jam. Hasil penelitian memnunjukkan bahwa
Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Lactobacillus plantarum mampu memanfaatkan susu kedelai sebagai medium
pertumbuhan sedangkan Lactobacillus acidophillus dam Streptococcus thermophillus tidak dapat tumbuh
dengan baik dalam susu kedelai.
The anti-neoplastic effect of Doxycycline in Osteosarcoma as a Metalloproteinase (MMP)-inhibitor. A systematic review
Authors: Hadjimichael Argyris Costas , Foukas Athanasios Fotios , Savvidou Olga D. , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Psyrri Amanda K. , Papagelopoulos Panagiotis J.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Osteosarcoma is as a very aggressive primary bone tumor, affecting mainly young populations. Most cases diagnosed have distant macro and micro-metastases at the time of diagnosis. Surgical resection with neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies improve overall and disease-free survival of patients. Doxycycline, a synthetic tetracycline has been found to act either as an antibiotic drug as well as a chemotherapeutic agent. Its anti-neoplastic role has been proven to be extremely significant in various types of cancer like prostate, intestinal, central neural system cancers and osteosarcoma. Inhibition of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in different stages of tumor expansion is the most well understood mechanism. MMPs are secreted molecules from various normal cells like fibroblasts, leucocytes and vascular smooth muscles but also from cells with high proliferative potential like tumor cells. In osteosarcoma, MMPs have been found to be overexpressed. MMPs help osteosarcoma cells to survive, grow and give metastases in distant sites, mainly in lungs. Doxycycline, blocks extracellular matrix and basic membranes degradation by suppressing MMPs function. As a consequence, osteosarcoma cells lose their ability to invade and give metastases. Additionally, doxycycline eliminates the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and deprives the supply of circulating nutritious components, by its anti-angiogenesis action. The aim of this review is to evaluate doxycycline’s action against osteosarcoma cells as an MMP-inhibitor and interpret its usage as a chemotherapeutic agent.
Methods
We checked PubMed and Google Scholar for recent published data, on the tumor-supportive role of MMPs and VEGF in osteosarcoma cells. We further studied published experimental trials, on the role of doxycycline as a tumor-suppressive agent via MMPs and VEGF inhibition.
Results
MMPs and VEGF have been found to play a fundamental role in osteosarcoma cells survival and its high aggressiveness by in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. Nevertheless, Doxycycline proved its tumor-suppressive effect, by in vivo experimental trials in various cancers, but not yet in osteosarcoma.
Conclusion
Doxycycline remains a promising chemotherapeutic agent against osteosarcoma, via MMPs inhibition, showing of the need, for further in vivo and clinical trials to carried out in the future.
Key Words: Osteosarcoma, Metalloproteinase, VEGF, Doxycycline, Metastasis
Pathological staging of chorioamnionitis comtributes to complications in preterm infants
Authors: Miao Jiayu , Ren Zhuxiao , Rao Yunbei , Xia Xin , Zhang Qi , Xu Fang , Zhang Xiaoling , Yang Jie
Published: July 2019

【Abstact】
Objective: To investigate the effect of pathological staging of chorioamnionitis (CA) on complications in preterm infants;
Methods: A single-center, retrospective study was conducted to choose singleton preterm infants in our hospital from December 2016 to December 2017. The basic data and placental pathological results were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the placental pathological results, the incidence of common complications in preterm infants in each group was compared, and analyzed the influence of pathological staging of CA on the complications. Further, CA 0/I phase was combined into non-amnitis group, CA II/III phase was combined into amnitis group, gestational age and birth weight were corrected, logistic regression was used to analyze the effects on complications whether inflammation infiltrated amnion according to odds ratio (OR) value.
Results: A total of 221 preterm infants were enrolled, including 84 cases of non-chorioamnionitis(CA0), 102 cases of CAI, 30 cases of CAII, and 5 cases of CAIII. The gestational age of CA II and III groups was lower than CA 0 and I, birth weight was lower than that of CA 0 and I, and the hospital stay in CA II and III was longer (P<0.05); The incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage（IVH） in CAII/III group (26.7%, 60.0%) was higher than that in CA 0 and I (15.5%, 9.8%)(P = 0.007),and the early-onset IVH was more common(P=0.021). CA 0, I was divided into non-amnitis group according to whether the inflammation infiltrated the amniotic layer ( placental fetal surface), CA II and III were divided into amnitis group, and the risk of IVH increased by amnitis(OR= 3.248, P value <0.05), and after correction of gestational age and birth weight, the risk of it still increased (OR = 3.236, P value <0.05), the difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Intrauterine inflammation leads to a significant reduction in gestational age and birth weight in preterm infants ,and it is also an independent risk factor for increasing the incidence of IVH;
Intra-tumoural estrogen sulfotransferase (hSULT1E1) regulations in human breast cancer tissues are influenced by cellular redox-modifications through antioxidants and Nrf-2/NFκβ interplay.
Authors: nazmeen aarifa , Chen Guangping , Ghosh Tamal Kanti , maiti smarajit
Published: July 2019

Background: Estrogen sulfotransferase catalyzes conjugation of sulfuryl-group to estradiol/estrone and regulates E2 availability/activity via estrogen-receptor or non-receptor mediated pathways. Sulfoconjugated estrogen fails to bind estrogen-receptor (ER). High estrogen is a known carcinogen in postmenopausal women. Reports reveal a potential redox-regulation of hSULT1E1/ E2-signalling. Further, oxidatively-regulated nuclear-receptor-factor 2 (Nrf2) and NFκβ in relation to hSULT1E1/E2 could be therapeutic-target via cellular redox-modification. Methods: Here, oxidative stress-regulated SULT1E1-expression was analyzed in human breast carcinoma-tissues and in rat xenografted with human breast-tumor. Tumor and its surrounding tissues were obtained from the district-hospital. Intracellular redox-environment of tumors was screened with some in-vitro studies. RT-PCR and western blotting was done for SULT1E1 expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze SULT1E1/Nrf2/NFκβ localization. Tissue-histoarchitechture/DNA-stability (comet assay) studies were done. Results: Oxidative-stress induces SULT1E1 via Nrf2/NFκβ cooperatively in tumor-pathogenesis to maintain the required proliferative-state under enriched E2-environment. Higher malondialdehyde/non-protein-soluble-thiol with increased superoxide-dismutase/Glutathione-peroxidase/catalase activities was noticed. SULT1E1 expression and E2-level were increased in tumor-tissue compared to their corresponding surrounding-tissues. Conclusions: It may be concluded that tumors maintain a sustainable oxidative-stress through impaired antioxidants as compared to the surrounding. Liver-tissues from xenografted rat manifested similar E2/antioxidant dysregulations favoring pre-tumorogenic environment.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Extra- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: He Yu , Rao Hua-Min , Ji She-Qing , Yu Yu-Jun , Zhou Qiao-Miao , Wang Cheng , Wang Rong-Jian , He Jian-Bo , Han Shao-Liang
Published: July 2019

Background: To investigate the clinicopathological features and treatment outcome of abdominal extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs).
Methods: The clinicopathological data and follow-up results of 22 patients with abdominal EGISTs proved by pathology were reviewed retrospectively.
Results: The main symptoms were abdominal mass in 14 cases, abdominal distention and pain in 6, detected by healthy screening in one, spontaneous rupture of tumor and intra-abdominal hemorrhage in one. The tumor locations were retroperitonum in 11 cases, mesentery in 6, and greater momentum in 3, liver in one and pancreas in one, and the tumor size<5cm in one case, 5-10cm in 9 and >10cm in 12. The immunochemistry stain revealed that the positive rate of CD117 was 95.5%, CD34 36.4%, DOG-1 13.6%, SMA 4.5%, and S-100 protein 4.5%.
The resection rate was 81.8% (18/22 cases), including tumor resection in 16, an irregular hepatectomy in one, a distal pancreactomy in one, and simple laparotomy with biopsy in 4. The radicality of operation was R0 resection in 14 cases, R1 resection in 2 and R2 resection in 2. Eleven cases (50.0%) in this group received imatinib adjuvant treatment, including administration greater than 1 year in 6 cases, and greater than 3 years in 5.
The 1, 3, 5-year overall survival rates in the study were 88.9% (16/18 cases), 72.2% (13/18), and 55.6% (10/21), respectively. Among them, 72.7% (8/11), 45.5% (5/11) and 45.5% (5/11) were for retroperitoneal tumors, respectively; and 100.0% (6/6), 100.0% (6/6) and 66.7% (4/6) for mesentery EGIST, respectively.
Conclusions: Abdominal EGISTs have a high potential of malignancy, the surgery is the choice of the treatment, and the postoperative adjuvant treatment with imatinib may improve the survival rate of high-risk cases.
[Key words] Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor;
Abdomen; Surgical treatment; Imatinib
Apoptosis and Necrosis on T47D Cells Induced by Shiga-Like Toxin from Local Isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Suardana I Wayan - , Sudisma I Gusti Ngurah - , Pinatih Komang Januartha Putra , Widiasih Dyah Ayu
Published: July 2019

Background

Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induction are targeted in the strategy of cancer therapy. Furthermore, bacterial toxins such as Shiga-like toxin producing Escherichia coli have been suggested to be used as a novel therapeutic agent against tumor malignancies, either as independent anti-neoplastic agents, or in combination treatment with chemo or radiotherapy. The aim of study was to investigate the potency of Shiga-like toxin originating from local strains of E. coli O157:H7 which was known less toxic than ATCC 43894 as a new cancer therapy.

Methods

As many as 10 culture cells T47D cell line were subjected by crude extract Shiga-like toxin originating from five local isolates of E. coli O157:H7 with each codes KL-48(2), SM-25(1), SM-7(1), DS-21(4), and one isolate ATCC 43894 as a control with IC50 doses, respectively. The treatment was observed for 24 h, with two replications. An FITC-Annexin V and PI assay was used to observe apoptosis and necrosis effect, and simultaneously with cell cycle analysis using propidium iodide (PI) staining.

Results

The study shown that T47D cells treated with Shiga-like toxin from local strain KL-48 (2) show the lowest viable cell, followed by SM7(1), ATCC 43894, SM-25(1), DS-21(4) in contrary with the control cells with each percentages at 15.20, 16.36, 22.17, 22.64, 33.86, and 94.36%, respectively. The results were also confirmed by the induction of the cell cycle arrest in phase G0-G1 as inactive phase, i.e. 66.41, 63.37, 61.52, 55.36 and 47.28% for T47D cells treated with toxins of KL-48(2), ATCC 43894, SM 25(1), SM 7(1), and DS 21(4), respectively.

Conclusions

These results show tendency deleterious effect of Shiga-like toxin from local isolates on T47D cells, so It is concluded that they have potency as a good anticancer drug against Gb3-expressing breast cancer.
Enseñanza de la ingeniería
Authors: Naranjo-Pizano Gabriel
Published: July 2019

La presencia de la Ingeniería en la vida de la humanidad data de las más remotas edades: los fabricantes de las pirámides egipcias, aztecas, mayas, incas, y sus ya conocidas vías de comunicación; los fabricantes de la muralla china; los constructores de las grandes catedrales en todo el mundo; todos ellos tenían amplios conocimientos de Ingeniería y Astronomía. Estas dos ciencias se vienen desarrollando de la mano en la larga historia de los seres humanos.
Presentación
Authors: Durley Ingrid
Published: July 2019

Lámpsakos, conservando su orientación al área de la ingeniería, presenta en su número 21, correspondiente a enero-junio de 2019, seis artículos del área de la ingeniería eléctrica, la ingeniería ambiental y las ciencias de la computación. Con esta variedad temática, Lámpsakos espera compartir con sus lectores algunos de los principales resultados de investigaciones, para contribuir a la diseminación del conocimiento científico.
Identidad como fumador y riesgo percibido en adolescentes fumadores de tabaco: un modelo predictivo
Authors: Castellanos Cuellar Sandra Paola , Londoño Pérez Constanza
Published: July 2019

Este estudio descriptivo correlacional con análisis de corte multivariante tuvo como objetivo determinar si la identidad del fumador y el riesgo percibido predecían el nivel de consumo de tabaco en una muestra de 935 de los cuales 554 hombres (59.3%) y 381 mujeres (40.7%). Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Consumo de Cigarrillo (C4), el Cuestionario de Identificación con el Consumo de Cigarrillo (CICC) y el Cuestionario de Expectativas sobre el Consumo de Cigarrillo (CECC). Se realizaron análisis correlacionales bivariados y multivariados para la identidad del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y se evaluó en el modelo las bondades de los criterios de ajuste. Los resultados indicaron que el 33.2% fumaba y que tanto el riesgo percibido como la no identificación del fumador en conjunto con otros factores predecían el 40.1% de la varianza en el modelo propuesto.