bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing depositional environments in the beach–dune system of Chandipur, India, based on sediment texture and quartz grain surface features
Authors: Saha Koushik , Sinha Subhajit
Published: January 2023

An attempt has been made to discern sedimentary environments in a tropical coastal setting in Chandipur, India, using variations in grain size. Samples were collected along one 100 m‐long cross‐shore transect extending from the tide/aqueous‐influenced seaward region to the aeolian‐dominated landward region. Various grain size data analysis approaches, like bivariate data plots and discrimination functions, were used to discriminate the sedimentary environments and establish the process of sediment deposition. The analytical results suggest that diverse granulometric parameters translate different sedimentary environments such as tidal flat, beach and dune. Additionally, the surface morphologies of quartz grains were used to understand the evolution of recent mechanical, chemical and mechanical–chemical processes in this tropical coastal region. Changes in the surficial microtextural properties of quartz grains were documented at various sites of all geomorphic units along this transect, from the tidal flat to the dune. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to understand the significant differences in microtextural features between these units. Subaqueous surface textures such as large conchoidal fractures, sharp edges, arcuate steps and straight and curved grooves were dominant in the grains of the tidal flat. The presence of meandering ridges, upturned plates, bulbous edges and adhering particles on quartz gradually increases as the transect ascends landward. Correlation plots between distance and microtextures, along with ANOVA, suggest that aeolian transportation modulated the surface textures. Such assessment of distinct sedimentary characteristics and transport processes may serve as a modern analogue for ancient deposits on the siliciclastic coast.
Predicting probabilities of late summer surface flow presence in a glaciated mountainous headwater region
Authors: Jaeger Kristin L. , Sando Roy , Dunn Sarah B. , Gendaszek Andrew S.
Published: January 2023

Accurate mapping of streams that maintain surface flow during annual baseflow periods in mountain headwater streams is important for informing water availability for human consumption and is a fundamental determinant of in‐channel conditions for stream‐dwelling organisms. Yet accurate mapping that captures local spatial variability and associated local controls on surface flow presence is limited. An empirical random‐forest model was developed to predict streamflow permanence (late summer surface‐flow presence) for Mount Rainier National Park and the surrounding mountainous area in western Washington, USA. This model was developed to improve upon the existing multi‐state, regional‐scale probability of stream permanence developed for the greater Pacific Northwest Region (PROSPERPNW). The model was trained on 544 wet/dry observations collected during the late summer, baseflow period from 2018 to 2020 using the crowd‐source mobile application, FLOwPER. Final model accuracy was 0.74 with drainage area and covariates describing geology, topography, and land cover as top predictors of streamflow permanence compared to coarser resolution climatic covariates. The prevalence of static covariates over climatic covariates as top ranked important covariates highlights the importance of scale when evaluating controls on streamflow permanence. Cross validation of the model indicates that streamflow permanence probabilities from this model is an improvement over the regional‐scale PROSPERPNW model demonstrating the utility of relatively simple, crowd‐sourced data to address water resource needs, and that determination of important predictors of streamflow permanence is influenced by the spatial and temporal resolution of analysis.
A nuanced look into youth journeys of gender transition and detransition
Authors: Pullen Sansfaçon Annie , Gelly Morgane A. , Gravel Rosalie , Medico Denise , Baril Alexandre , Susset Françoise , Paradis August
Published: January 2023

Some media have suggested that many youths who have previously completed a gender transition are “detransitioning”. Their experience is often framed around the idea of regrets but rare are the articles that provide a nuanced examination of their journey. This article presents the perspectives of youths who have detransitioned or discontinued a transition regarding their experiences and feelings on their journey from transition to detransition. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 youths between the age of 16 and 25 years who were recruited on social media and who transitioned and detransitioned or discontinued their transition. Data were analysed according to thematic analysis. Regrets and feelings of satisfaction can both coexist. The processes of transition and discontinuation or detransition appear to be non‐linear and participants do not necessarily return to a cisgender identity. Ambiguous loss theory is applied to frame youth experiences and feelings and to suggest way forward for intervention.

Highlights

This paper examines the experiences and feelings of youth on their journey from transition to detransition.

Their journey is experienced as non‐linear, and often comprised mixed feelings and experiences about transition and detransition steps.

Ambiguous loss theory allows a nuanced understanding of feelings and experiences of their journey from transition to detransition.
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activation improves allergic rhinitis and suppresses Th2 cytokine release
Authors: Sun Xiuying , Xu Yu , Zhou Jinhui
Published: January 2023

Objective

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is primarily regulated by type I hypersensitivity, with Th2 and immunoglobulin E (IgE) playing essential roles. This study aimed to determine whether angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)2 could participate in the regulation of AR.

Methods

Nasal mucosal tissues of AR patients were collected to determine ACE2 levels. Following AR mouse models were established, ACE2 levels in nasal mucosa were determined. Then the influences of diminazene aceturate (ACE2 agonist) on AR symptoms, pathology, specific antibodies, histamine, and interleukins (ILs) release in vivo were evaluated. Afterward, human nasal mucosa epithelial cells were exposed to IL‐13, and the impacts of ACE2 overexpression on the secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors in vitro were assessed.

Results

ACE2 levels significantly declined in nasal mucosa both in patients and mouse models (p < .001). Diminazene aceturate treatment elevated the ACE2 level in mice (p < .01), accompanied by reduced frequency of nasal spray and nasal friction, decreased eosinophils and goblet cells (p < .001) according to histopathological staining. Furthermore, lgE, lgG1, histamine, and IL levels in mice were also decreased (p < .05). In vitro experiments revealed that ACE2 overexpression suppressed the secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors (p < .001).

Conclusion

Together, ACE2 activation can alleviate the symptoms of AR in mice and inhibit the release of Th2 cytokines. Activating ACE2 is a promising therapeutic approach for AR.
Noninvasive detection of microsatellite instability in patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Casas‐Arozamena Carlos , Moiola Cristian Pablo , Vilar Ana , Bouso Marta , Cueva Juan , Cabrera Silvia , Sampayo Victoria , Arias Efigenia , Abalo Alicia , García Ángel , Lago‐Lestón Ramón Manuel , Oltra Sara , Díaz Eva , Ruiz‐Bañobre Juan , López‐López Rafael , Moreno‐Bueno Gema , Gil‐Moreno Antonio , Colás Eva , Abal Miguel , Muinelo‐Romay Laura
Published: January 2023

The analysis of mismatch repair proteins in solid tissue is the standard of care (SoC) for the microsatellite instability (MSI) characterization in endometrial cancer (EC). Uterine aspirates (UAs) or circulating‐DNA (cfDNA) samples capture the intratumor heterogeneity and provide a more comprehensive and dynamic molecular diagnosis. Thus, MSI analysis by droplet‐digital PCR (ddPCR) in UAs and cfDNA can provide a reliable tool to characterize and follow‐up the disease. The UAs, paraffin‐embedded tumor tissue (FFPE) and longitudinal plasma samples from a cohort of 90 EC patients were analyzed using ddPCR panel and compared to the SoC. A high concordance (96.67%) was obtained between the analysis of MSI markers in UAs and the SoC. Three discordant cases were validated as unstable by ddPCR on FFPE samples. Besides, a good overall concordance (70.27%) was obtained when comparing the performance of the ddPCR assay on UAs and cfDNA in high‐risk tumors. Importantly, our results also evidenced the value of MSI analysis to monitor the disease evolution. MSI evaluation in minimally invasive samples shows great accuracy and sensitivity and provides a valuable tool for the molecular characterization and follow‐up of endometrial tumors, opening new opportunities for personalized management of EC.
The rapid growth of cryptocurrencies: How profitable is trading in digital money?
Authors: Manahov Viktor
Published: January 2023

There has been a tremendous growth in cryptocurrencies, which has challenged policy makers around the globe. We obtain millisecond data of some of the most frequently traded cryptocurrencies – bitcoin, ethereum, ripple, litecoin and dash – and two cryptocurrency indices – CRIX and CCI30 – to examine their profitability. Our profitability findings suggest that cryptocurrency traders generate significant profits after considering reasonable transaction costs. We also observe that cryptocurrency market participants can expand and sustain the levels of profitability levels in the subsequent trading activity. Our robustness checks with more recent post‐Covid data are consistent with the initial profitability findings, although we observe lower levels of profits for the two indices and weaker profit persistency for all digital assets.
Changes in Distal Tibial Microarchitecture During Eight Weeks of U.S. Army Basic Combat Training Differ by Sex and Race
Authors: Hughes Julie M. , Taylor Kathryn M. , Guerriere Katelyn I. , Smith Nathaniel I. , Staab Jeffery S. , Walker Leila A. , Staab Janet E. , Bartlett Paul M. , Spiering Barry A. , Nguyen Vy T. , Proctor Susan P. , Foulis Stephen A. , Bouxsein Mary L. , Popp Kristin L.
Published: January 2023

Basic combat training (BCT) is a physically rigorous period at the beginning of a soldier's career that induces bone formation in the tibia. Race and sex are determinants of bone properties in young adults but their influences on changes in bone microarchitecture during BCT are unknown. The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of sex and race on changes in bone microarchitecture during BCT. Bone microarchitecture was assessed at the distal tibia via high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the beginning and end of 8 weeks of BCT in a multiracial cohort of trainees (552 female, 1053 male; mean ± standard deviation [SD] age = 20.7 ± 3.7 years) of which 25.4% self‐identified as black, 19.5% as race other than black or white (other races combined), and 55.1% as white. We used linear regression models to determine whether changes in bone microarchitecture due to BCT differed by race or sex, after adjusting for age, height, weight, physical activity, and tobacco use. We found that trabecular bone density (Tb.BMD), thickness (Tb.Th), and volume (Tb.BV/TV), as well as cortical BMD (Ct.BMD) and thickness (Ct.Th) increased following BCT in both sexes and across racial groups (+0.32% to +1.87%, all p < 0.01). Compared to males, females had greater increases in Tb.BMD (+1.87% versus +1.40%; p = 0.01) and Tb.Th (+0.87% versus +0.58%; p = 0.02), but smaller increases in Ct.BMD (+0.35% versus +0.61%; p < 0.01). Compared to black trainees, white trainees had greater increases in Tb.Th (+0.82% versus +0.61%; p = 0.03). Other races combined and white trainees had greater increases in Ct.BMD than black trainees (+0.56% and + 0.55% versus +0.32%; both p ≤ 0.01). Changes in distal tibial microarchitecture, consistent with adaptive bone formation, occur in trainees of all races and sexes, with modest differences by sex and race. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Macrophages and Bone Remodeling
Authors: Weivoda Megan M , Bradley Elizabeth W
Published: January 2023

Bone remodeling in the adult skeleton facilitates the removal and replacement of damaged and old bone to maintain bone quality. Tight coordination of bone resorption and bone formation during remodeling crucially maintains skeletal mass. Increasing evidence suggests that many cell types beyond osteoclasts and osteoblasts support bone remodeling, including macrophages and other myeloid lineage cells. Herein, we discuss the origin and functions for macrophages in the bone microenvironment, tissue resident macrophages, osteomacs, as well as newly identified osteomorphs that result from osteoclast fission. We also touch on the role of macrophages during inflammatory bone resorption. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Umbelliferone attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppression of JAK/STAT signaling pathway through amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation in rats
Authors: Khadrawy Sally M. , El Sayed Rasha A.
Published: January 2023

Umbelliferone (UMB), 7‐hydroxycoumarin, is a naturally occurring coumarin derivative that has a plethora of biological and therapeutic activities. The focus of this research was to elucidate the curative effects of two different doses of UMB on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in a type 2 diabetic rat model induced by 50 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic rats orally received 10 or 30 mg/kg of UMB daily for 8 weeks. Compared to the nontreated diabetic group, both UMB treatment doses significantly decreased glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), creatine kinase MB (CK‐MB), cardiovascular risk indices, and oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. The hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia also dramatically decreased in diabetic groups with UMB treatments accompanied by an improvement in insulin, and insulin sensitivity indices (HOMA‐IR and QUICKI). Furthermore, the cardiac gene expressions and protein levels of Janus kinase2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3), and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF‐β1) were also markedly downregulated in a dose‐dependent manner by UMB treatments. Finally, the biochemical results were assured by the reduction of histological alterations in cardiac tissues. In conclusion, UMB is a propitious substance for the treatment of DCM by virtuousness of its antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory properties through modulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway that may be the underlying mechanism in UMB action.
Applying an intersectional lens to addressing gender disparities and disadvantage in rural Melanesian agriculture
Authors: Addinsall Cherise , Rihai Norah , Andre Brenda , Addinsall Eva , Dunphy Mia , Van der Wildenberg Brooke , Nelson Anjali , Weir Tasha
Published: January 2023

Agricultural research and development projects face structural barriers to the equitable participation of women. Applying an intersectional approach can facilitate women to freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development within the existing patriarchal and colonial structures, ultimately challenging and subverting these structures. This paper argues that development initiatives must seek to understand the ways of being within specific localised projects, to tailor support and mitigate disadvantage. Through an exploration of two female‐led agroforestry projects in Vanuatu and Fiji, this paper demonstrates how centring the sovereignty of women over their own experience and livelihood aspirations can lead to familial, community and regional wellbeing.
MOGS‐CDG: Quantitative analysis of the diagnostic Glc3Man tetrasaccharide and clinical spectrum of six new cases
Authors: Post Merel A. , de Wit Isis , Zijlstra Fokje S. M. , Engelke Udo F. H. , van Rooij Arno , Christodoulou John , Tan Tiong Yang , Le Fevre Anna , Jin Danqun , Yaplito‐Lee Joy , Lee Beom Hee , Low Karen J. , Mallick Andrew A. , Õunap Katrin , Pitt James , Reardon William , Vals Mari‐Anne , Wortmann Saskia B. , Wessels Hans J. C. T. , Bärenfänger Melissa , van Karnebeek Clara D. M. , Lefeber Dirk J.
Published: January 2023

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a clinically and biochemically heterogeneous subgroup of inherited metabolic disorders. Most CDG with abnormal N‐glycosylation can be detected by transferrin screening, however, MOGS‐CDG escapes this routine screening. Combined with the clinical heterogeneity of reported cases, diagnosing MOGS‐CDG can be challenging. Here, we clinically characterize ten MOGS‐CDG cases including six previously unreported individuals, showing a phenotype characterized by dysmorphic features, global developmental delay, muscular hypotonia, and seizures in all patients and in a minority vision problems and hypogammaglobulinemia. Glycomics confirmed accumulation of a Glc3Man7GlcNAc2 glycan in plasma. For quantification of the diagnostic Glcα1‐3Glcα1‐3Glcα1‐2Man tetrasaccharide in urine, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry method of 2‐aminobenzoic acid (2AA) labeled urinary glycans. As an internal standard, isotopically labeled 13C6‐2AA Glc3Man was used, while labeling efficiency was controlled by use of 12C6‐2AA and 13C6‐2AA labeled laminaritetraose. Recovery, linearity, intra‐ and interassay coefficients of variability of these labeled compounds were determined. Furthermore, Glc3Man was specifically identified by retention time matching against authentic MOGS‐CDG urine and compared with Pompe urine. Glc3Man was increased in all six analyzed cases, ranging from 34.1 to 618.0 μmol/mmol creatinine (reference <5 μmol). In short, MOGS‐CDG has a broad manifestation of symptoms but can be diagnosed with the use of a quantitative method for analysis of urinary Glc3Man excretion.
Fractionated plasma N‐glycan profiling of novel cohort of ATP6AP1‐CDG subjects identifies phenotypic association
Authors: Alharbi Hana , Daniel Earnest James Paul , Thies Jenny , Chang Irene , Goldner Dana L. , Ng Bobby G. , Witters Peter , Aqul Amal , Velez‐Bartolomei Frances , Enns Gregory M. , Hsu Evelyn , Kichula Elizabeth , Lee Esther , Lourenco Charles , Poskanzer Sheri A. , Rasmussen Sara , Saarela Katelyn , Wang YunZu M. , Raymond Kimiyo M. , Schultz Matthew J. , Freeze Hudson H. , Lam Christina , Edmondson Andrew C. , He Miao
Published: January 2023

ATP6AP1‐CDG is an X‐linked disorder typically characterized by hepatopathy, immunodeficiency, and an abnormal type II transferrin glycosylation pattern. Here, we present 11 new patients and clinical updates with biochemical characterization on one previously reported patient. We also document intrafamilial phenotypic variability and atypical presentations, expanding the symptomatology of ATP6AP1‐CDG to include dystonia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and lysosomal abnormalities on hepatic histology. Three of our subjects received successful liver transplantation. We performed N‐glycan profiling of total and fractionated plasma proteins for six patients and show associations with varying phenotypes, demonstrating potential diagnostic and prognostic value of fractionated N‐glycan profiles. The aberrant N‐linked glycosylation in purified transferrin and remaining plasma glycoprotein fractions normalized in one patient post hepatic transplant, while the increases of Man4GlcNAc2 and Man5GlcNAc2 in purified immunoglobulins persisted. Interestingly, in the single patient with isolated immune deficiency phenotype, elevated high‐mannose glycans were detected on purified immunoglobulins without glycosylation abnormalities on transferrin or the remaining plasma glycoprotein fractions. Given the diverse and often tissue specific clinical presentations and the need of clinical management post hepatic transplant in ATP6AP1‐CDG patients, these results demonstrate that fractionated plasma N‐glycan profiling could be a valuable tool in diagnosis and disease monitoring.
An automated parallel multi‐channel chromatographic system for isotopic analysis – Demonstration considering Sr
Authors: Peng Deyi , Yu Xin , Li Xinyu , Sun Ao , Wang Leran , Wang Tong , Xu Jinyong
Published: January 2023

A fully automated, closed‐column chromatographic system with parallel multi‐channel has been developed. This system is established with seven reagent reservoirs, one multi‐channel syringe pump, eight 10‐port valves, forty sample tubes, 40 columns, and a fraction collection tray. Four samples can be purified simultaneously at a time, and 40 samples can be purified in one batch. Each sample can be purified by an independent channel, avoiding cross‐contamination. The sample tubes can be flipped upside down for automatic cleaning, which eliminates the residue of samples. Moreover, the fraction collection tray can collect up to 104 different target components. The key performance of the system has been investigated. The results show that the sample tubes are well‐cleaned, the bubble does not affect the chemical behavior of columns, the consistency of the parallel channels is excellent and the blank of the system is negligible. The system was demonstrated by the purification of Sr from reference materials (BCR‐2, JB‐2, JB‐3, and NIST SRM 987). The recoveries of Sr are better than 89.4% and the blank of the whole procedure is less than 200 pg. The Sr isotope values agree well with the reference values.
The Efficacy of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination as an Adjuvant Therapy in Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Ponduri Anusha , Azmy Monica C. , Axler Eden , Lin Juan , Schwartz Rachel , Chirilă Magdalena , Dikkers Frederik G. , Yang Christina J. , Mehta Vikas , Gangar Mona
Published: January 2023

Objective

To characterize the efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination as an adjuvant therapy in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science databases were queried for articles published before April 2021.

Review Methods

All retrieved studies (n = 870) were independently analyzed by two reviewers according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. 13 studies met inclusion criteria. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to study intersurgical interval (ISI) and number of surgical procedures per year before and after vaccination.

Results

The systematic review included 13 studies, comprising 243 patients. All studies utilized the Gardasil® quadrivalent vaccine, and one study (Yiu et al. 2019) utilized both the quadrivalent and Gardasil® 9‐valent vaccines. Our meta‐analysis included 62 patients with ISI data across 4 studies, and 111 patients with data on the number of surgical procedures per month across 7 studies. The mean number of surgical procedures decreased by 4.43 per year after vaccination (95% CI, −7.48 to −1.37). Mean ISI increased after vaccination, with a mean difference of 15.73 months (95% CI, 1.46–29.99). Two studies reported on HPV sero‐conversion, with HPV seropositivity of 100% prior to vaccination and 25.93% after vaccination.

Conclusion

The addition of HPV vaccination was associated with an increase in time between surgeries and reduction in the number of surgical procedures required. HPV vaccination may be a beneficial adjuvant treatment for RRP.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:2046–2054, 2023
Carolyn's Window Approach to Unilateral Frontal Sinus Surgery
Authors: Seresirikachorn Kachorn , Sit Andrea , Png Lu Hui , Kalish Larry , Campbell Raewyn G. , Alvarado Raquel , Harvey Richard J.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Due to the complexity and variety of the frontal recess and sinus anatomy, traditional Draf 2a frontal sinus surgery is challenging. The thickness of the nasofrontal beak and anterior–posterior dimensions of the frontal recess contribute to this complexity. Carolyn's window technique eliminates the limitation of anterior–posterior depth to facilitate a Draf 2a frontal sinusotomy. The approach is a 0° endoscope technique and provides an excellent view of the frontal sinus and recess. We describe Carolyn's window approach to frontal sinus surgery and the perioperative outcomes.

Methods

Consecutive adult patients in whom Carolyn's window technique was applied for frontal sinus dissection as part of the endoscopic management of both inflammatory and neoplastic disease were assessed. The primary outcome was frontal sinus patency. Secondary outcomes were surgical morbidity, defined as early (<90 days) or late (>90 days).

Results

Forty‐five patients (49.1 ± 17.9 years, 48.9% Female) were assessed. All patients had successful frontal sinus patency (100% [95CI: 92.1%–100%]). Morbidities were adhesion (4.8%), crusting (2.4%), pain (1.2%), and bleeding (1.2%) in the early postoperative period. There were no other morbidities in the early and late postoperative periods.

Conclusion

Carolyn's window approach to frontal sinusotomy is a technique that evolves from previously described approaches. Successful frontal sinus patency with very low morbidities is achieved while still working with a 0° endoscope. The “axillectomy” performed simplifies frontal recess surgery by removing the anteroposterior diameter limitation and the dexterity required in angled endoscopy and instrumentation. The inferior‐based lateral wall mucosal flap and free mucosal grafting expedite the mucosal healing process. Laryngoscope, 133:2496–2501, 2023
Evaluation of Mobile and Digital Single‐Lens Reflex Photography for Facial Surgical Analysis
Authors: Deot Neal , Kiprovski Aleksandar , Hatala Adam , Obayemi Ade , Suryadevara Amar , Davila Richard O.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

High‐quality perioperative photography is imperative to good surgical planning in facial reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. We explore the utility of an add‐on smartphone telephoto lens to avoid the distortions noted in prior studies using smartphone cameras.

Methods

Standard perioperative photographs of the same subject were taken with three distinct cameras using a dual‐ring light setup. The three camera setups iPhone 11 alone, iPhone 11 with the 58 Moment telephoto lens attachment, and a D3300 Nikon DSLR APS‐C sensor camera with a 60 mm NIKKOR F2.8G ED macro lens were compared using a 47‐question online survey consisting of demographic and image‐specific questions sent to plastic surgeons.

Results

Forty‐nine facial plastic surgeons completed the survey. The iPhone 11 alone was identified as having the lowest quality for central/peripheral distortion (83%), columella/caudal septum/alar anatomy (58.3%), and skin quality (38.3%). With the addition of the telephoto lens, the ability to assess all categories was significantly improved. 53.1% (n = 26) of respondents found the iPhone 11 + 58 mm telephoto lens setup to be the most useful for perioperative surgical planning.

Conclusions

Smartphone photography with the addition of a telephoto lens can offer a comparable option to the DSLR with regard to photo quality and detail.

A telephoto add‐on lens is an effective solution to overcome the central distortion seen in images taken by the iPhone for perioperative photography. This photo quality was found to be comparable to that of traditional DSLR cameras in our survey study.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:2590–2596, 2023
Materials to Enable Future OLED Display Evolution
Authors: Engelhart Jens , Stolz Sebastian , Ganss Stephanie , Ricks Michele
Published: January 2023

Experimental and theoretic approaches will allow for new understandings that are essential to develop OLED materials that enable next‐generation displays.
Non‐contrast estimate of blood–brain barrier permeability in humans using arterial spin labeling and magnetization transfer at 7 T
Authors: Mahmud Sultan Z. , Denney Thomas S. , Bashir Adil
Published: January 2023

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is associated with a number of central nervous system diseases. This study demonstrates the application of a novel noninvasive technique to measure the BBB permeability in the human brain at 7 T. The technique exploits the fact that, when tissue macromolecules are saturated by off‐resonance RF pulse, the intravascular and the extravascular (tissue) water experience different magnetization transfer effects. This principle was combined with arterial spin labeling to distinguish between the intravascular and the tissue water, and was used to calculate perfusion, water extraction fraction (E), and BBB permeability surface area product for water (PS). Simultaneous coregistered magnetization transfer ratio maps were also generated that can provide valuable additional information. Eighteen healthy volunteers (seven females), age = 27 ± 11 years and weight = 65 ± 9 kg, participated in the study. Average perfusion was 67 ± 5 and 29 ± 4 ml/100 g/min (p < 0.05); and E was 0.921 ± 0.025 and 0.962 ± 0.015 (p < 0.05) in the gray matter (GM) and the white matter (WM), respectively. PS was higher in the GM (171 ± 20 ml/100 g/min) compared with the WM (95 ± 18 ml/100 g/min) (p < 0.05). The parameters exhibited good reliability with test re‐test experiments. The sensitivity of this technique was demonstrated by 200 mg caffeine intake, which resulted in a decrease in the resting PS by ~31%.
Persistent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients seemingly recovered from COVID‐19
Authors: Bussani Rossana , Zentilin Lorena , Correa Ricardo , Colliva Andrea , Silvestri Furio , Zacchigna Serena , Collesi Chiara , Giacca Mauro
Published: January 2023

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is clinically heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic to deadly. A few patients with COVID‐19 appear to recover from acute viral infection but nevertheless progress in their disease and eventually die, despite persistent negativity at molecular tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. Here, we performed post‐mortem analyses in 27 consecutive patients who had apparently recovered from COVID‐19 but had progressively worsened in their clinical conditions despite repeated viral negativity in nasopharyngeal swabs or bronchioalveolar lavage for 11–300 consecutive days (average: 105.5 days). Three of these patients remained PCR‐negative for over 9 months. Post‐mortem analysis revealed evidence of diffuse or focal interstitial pneumonia in 23/27 (81%) patients, accompanied by extensive fibrotic substitution in 13 cases (47%). Despite apparent virological remission, lung pathology was similar to that observed in acute COVID‐19 individuals, including micro‐ and macro‐vascular thrombosis (67% of cases), vasculitis (24%), squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium (30%), frequent cytological abnormalities and syncytia (67%), and the presence of dysmorphic features in the bronchial cartilage (44%). Consistent with molecular test negativity, SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens were not detected in the respiratory epithelium. In contrast, antibodies against both spike and nucleocapsid revealed the frequent (70%) infection of bronchial cartilage chondrocytes and para‐bronchial gland epithelial cells. In a few patients (19%), we also detected positivity in vascular pericytes and endothelial cells. Quantitative RT‐PCR amplification in tissue lysates confirmed the presence of viral RNA. Together, these findings indicate that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can persist significantly longer than suggested by standard PCR‐negative tests, with specific infection of specific cell types in the lung. Whether these persistently infected cells also play a pathogenic role in long COVID remains to be addressed. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Clinical evaluation of late outcomes in Dutch childhood cancer survivors: Methodology of the DCCSS LATER 2 study
Authors: Feijen Elizabeth A. M. , Teepen Jop C. , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , van der Heiden‐van der Loo Margriet , van der Pal Helena J. H. , de Vries Andrica C. H. , Louwerens Marloes , Bresters Dorine , Versluys Birgitta , de Ridder Hanneke , Veening Margreet , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Grootenhuis Martha , Maurice‐Stam Heleen , van Santen Hanneke M. , Neggers Sebastian J. C. M. M. , Pluijm Saskia , den Hartogh Jaap , Ronckers Cécile M. , Tissing Wim J. E. , Loonen Jacqueline J. , Kremer Leontien C. M.
Published: January 2023

Background

Childhood cancer survivors face late health problems; despite advances in research, details on risk remain unclear. We describe the methodological aspects of the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (DCCSS) cross‐sectional clinical study (LATER 2 study).

Procedure

From the multi‐center DCCSS LATER cohort of 6165 five‐year survivors diagnosed during 1963–2001, we invited 4735 eligible survivors in 2016, as well as siblings and parents of survivors. Gaps in evidence identified during development of surveillance guidelines were translated into clinical research questions for 16 outcome‐specific subprojects. The regular care visit to the LATER outpatient clinic forms the backbone of outcome assessment complemented with research‐defined measurements (physical examination, clinical tests, questionnaires). Furthermore, blood/saliva samples were taken for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction.

Results

In total, 2519 (53.2%) survivors participated in the LATER 2 study. When comparing participants with nonparticipants, we observed that males, CNS survivors, and those treated with surgery only were less likely to participate. Of the participating survivors, 49.3% were female. Median time since childhood cancer diagnosis was 26.9 years (range 14.8–54.7 years) and median attained age was 34.4 years (range 15.4–66.6 years).

Conclusions

The high‐quality data generated in the LATER 2 study will provide valuable insights into risks of and risk factors for clinical and physical and psychosocial health outcomes and factors for early recognition of those health outcomes in long‐term childhood cancer survivors. This will contribute to fill in important gaps in knowledge and improve the quality of life and care for childhood cancer survivors.
Response to sirolimus in capillary lymphatic venous malformations and associated syndromes: Impact on symptomatology, quality of life, and radiographic response
Authors: Engel Elissa R. , Hammill Adrienne , Adams Denise , Phillips Roderic J. , Jeng Michael , Tollefson Megha M. , Iacobas Ionela , Schiff Deborah , Greenberger Shoshana , Kelly Michael , Frieden Ilona , Zaghloul Nibal , Drolet Beth , Geddis Amy , Goldenberg Dov , Ricci Kiersten
Published: January 2023

Background

Capillary lymphatic venous malformations (CLVM) and associated syndromes, including Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) and congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformation, epidermal nevi, skeletal, and spinal syndrome (CLOVES), are underrecognized disorders associated with high morbidity from chronic pain, recurrent infections, bleeding, and clotting complications. The rarity of these disorders and heterogeneity of clinical presentations make large‐scale randomized clinical drug trials challenging. Identification of PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha [gene]) mutations in CLVM has made targeted medications, such as sirolimus, attractive treatment options. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of sirolimus therapy in CLVM.

Procedure

A combined prospective and retrospective cohort of pediatric and young adult patients with CLVM treated with sirolimus was evaluated for disease response, including symptom improvement, quality of life (QOL), and radiologic response. Sirolimus dosing regimens and toxicities were also assessed.

Results

Twenty‐nine patients with CLVM, including KTS and CLOVES, were included. Ninety‐three percent of patients reported improved QOL, and 86% had improvement in at least one symptom. Most significantly, improvement was noted in 100% of patients with bleeding and 89% with thrombotic complications with corresponding decreases in mean D‐dimer (p = .008) and increases in mean fibrinogen (p = .016). No patients had progressive disease on sirolimus. Most common side effects included neutropenia, lymphopenia, infection, and aphthous ulcers/stomatitis. No toxicities were life‐threatening, and none required long‐term discontinuation of sirolimus.

Conclusion

Sirolimus appears to be effective at reducing complications and improving QOL in patients with CLVM and associated syndromes. In this patient cohort, sirolimus was well tolerated and resulted in few treatment‐related toxicities.
Sustainable intensification with irrigation raises farm profit despite climate emergency
Authors: Muleke Albert , Harrison Matthew Tom , Eisner Rowan , de Voil Peter , Yanotti Maria , Liu Ke , Monjardino Marta , Yin Xiaogang , Wang Weilu , Nie Jiangwen , Ferreira Carla , Zhao Jin , Zhang Feng , Fahad Shah , Shurpali Narasinha , Feng Puyu , Zhang Yunbo , Forster Daniel , Yang Rui , Qi Zhiming , Fei Wang , Gao Xionghui , Man Jianguo , Nie Lixiao
Published: January 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Despite comprising a small proportion of global agricultural land use, irrigated agriculture is enormously important to the global agricultural economy. Burgeoning food demand driven by population growth—together with reduced food supply caused by the climate crisis—is polarising the existing tension between water used for agricultural production versus that required for environmental conservation. We show that sustainable intensification via more diverse crop rotations, more efficient water application infrastructure and greater farm area under irrigation is conducive to greater farm business profitability under future climates.

Research aimed at improving crop productivity often does not account for the complexity of real farms underpinned by land‐use changes in space and time.

Here, we demonstrate how a new framework—WaterCan Profit—can be used to elicit such complexity using an irrigated case study farm with four whole‐farm adaptation scenarios (Baseline, Diversified, Intensified and Simplified) with four types of irrigated infrastructure (Gravity, Pipe & Riser, Pivot and Drip).

Without adaptation, the climate crisis detrimentally impacted on farm profitability due to the combination of increased evaporative demand and increased drought frequency. Whole‐farm intensification—via greater irrigated land use, incorporation of rice, cotton and maize and increased nitrogen fertiliser application—was the only adaptation capable of raising farm productivity under future climates. Diversification through incorporation of grain legumes into crop rotations significantly improved profitability under historical climates; however, profitability of this adaptation declined under future climates. Simplified systems reduced economic risk but also had lower long‐term economic returns.

We conclude with four key insights: (1) When assessing whole‐farm profit, metrics matter: Diversified systems generally had higher profitability than Intensified systems per unit water, but not per unit land area; (2) gravity‐based irrigation infrastructure required the most water, followed by sprinkler systems, whereas Drip irrigation used the least water; (3) whole‐farm agronomic adaptation through management and crop genotype had greater impact on productivity compared with changes in irrigation infrastructure; and (4) only whole‐farm intensification was able to raise profitability under future climates.
Total synthesis of the natural, medium‐length, peptaibol pentadecaibin and study of the chemical features responsible for its membrane activity
Authors: Morbiato Laura , Haneen David S. A. , Formaggio Fernando , De Zotti Marta
Published: January 2023

Peptaibols are naturally occurring, antimicrobial peptides endowed with well‐defined helical conformations and resistance to proteolysis. Both features stem from the presence in their sequence of several, Cα‐tetrasubstituted, α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) residues. Peptaibols interact with biological membranes, usually causing their leakage. All of the peptaibol–membrane interaction mechanisms proposed so far begin with peptide aggregation or accumulation. The long‐length alamethicin, the most studied peptaibol, acts by forming pores in the membranes. Conversely, the carpet mechanism has been claimed for short‐length peptaibols, such as trichogin. The mechanism of medium‐length peptaibols is far less studied, and this is partly due to the difficulties of their synthesis. They are believed to perturb membrane permeability in different ways, depending on the membrane properties. The present work focuses on pentadecaibin, a recently discovered, medium‐length peptaibol. In contrast to the majority of its family members, its sequence does not comprise hydroxyprolines or prolines, and its helix is not kinked. A reliable and effective synthesis procedure is described that allowed us to produce also two shorter analogs. By a combination of techniques, we were able to establish a 3D‐structure–activity relationship. In particular, the membrane activity of pentadecaibin heavily depends on the presence of three consecutive Aib residues that are responsible for the clear, albeit modest, amphiphilic character of its helix. The shortest analog, devoid of two of these three Aib residues, preserves a well‐defined helical conformation, but not its amphipathicity, and loses almost completely the ability to cause membrane leakage. We conclude that pentadecaibin amphiphilicity is probably needed for the peptide ability to perturb model membranes.
Global output feedback control for large‐scale time‐delay systems with inherent nonlinearities and measurement uncertainty
Authors: Yu Weiyong , Sun Guocheng , Guo Qianjin , Liu Qiang
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the problem of global state regulation by output feedback for a class of large‐scale nonlinear time‐delay systems with inherent nonlinearities and unknown measurement sensitivity. The uncertain nonlinearities are bounded by nonlinear growth of lower triangular unmeasurable (delayed) states multiplied by the unknown constant, polynomial‐of‐output and polynomial‐of‐input. Different from closely related works, the simultaneous existence of complicated nonlinearities and unknown measurement sensitivity makes the problem more involved and complex. Based on the dynamic gain scaling technique, we design a set of new adaptive output feedback controllers with a simpler structure by constructing two Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals appropriately, which can globally regulate all states of the large‐scale systems. An illustrative example is proposed to demonstrate the validity of the presented control scheme.
Synthesis of in situ Generated Cu−CNT Hybrid Nanofluid and the Study of Their Thermo‐physical Properties
Authors: Gupta Nikita , Gupta Shipra Mital , Sharma S. K.
Published: January 2023

In recent years, numerous investigations have been carried out in heat transfer applications for CNT nanofluid as it possesses a high thermal conductivity compared to conventional fluids. Hydrophobicity of CNT poses a challenge to disperse CNT in polar basefluid. Surfactants can solve this issue up to a certain extent only but have some associated disadvantages such as foam formation, stickiness and viscosity enhancement responsible for an increase in power required to pump Nanofluid in heat transfer devices. This work presents preparation of a hybrid nanofluid as an alternative. Cu−CNT hybrid nanoparticles were generated in this research using in‐situ preparation of Cu nanoparticles in the presence of CNT and dispersion in double distilled water without addition of surfactant to produce a stable nanofluid. FESEM with EDX confirms copper nanoparticles present on outer surface of MWCNT and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the covalent functionalization. Spectral analysis, Zeta potential, and DLS were used to evaluate the dispersibility of Cu−CNT hybrid nanofluid. The results showed that the samples were extremely stable, with maximum stability of about 168 days. XRD pattern of Cu−CNT hybrid nanoparticles confirmed the existence of Cu and CNT. Nanofluid demonstrated a minor increase in density and viscosity compared to basefluid water due to addition of nanoparticles. An increase in thermal conductivity was also observed, which is critical for heat transfer applications.
Rational Design, Synthesis, Docking Simulation, and ADMET Prediction of Novel Barbituric‐hydrazine‐phenoxy‐1,2,3‐triazole‐acetamide Derivatives as Potent Urease Inhibitors
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Nouraddin , Nazari Montazer Mohammad , Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Maryam , Valizadeh Yousef , Amanlou Massoud , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: January 2023

Urease is an important target for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. In this study, several pharmacophores for the inhibition of urease were considered and coupled to design new molecules capable of acting as potent urease inhibitors. Literature review reveals that barbituric‐hydrazine, phenoxy‐1,2,3‐triazole, and acetamide moieties are pharmacophores for urease inhibition. Therefore, in this study, the barbituric‐hydrazine‐phenoxy‐1,2,3‐triazole‐acetamide scaffold was designed and twelve derivatives 9 a–l of it were synthesized and evaluated. The urease inhibition assay of these compounds revealed that all new title compounds, except for one compound, with IC50 values of 0.73 to 5.27 μM were more potent than standard inhibitor thiourea. The most potent compound inhibited urease in a mixed‐type inhibition mode and interacted as well with the urease active site. In silico drug‐likeness and toxicity studies of the most potent compounds predicted that these compounds passed successfully Lipinski's rule of five and had no carcinogenicity on the rat.
Thiol Functionalized Aloe Vera Fibre Filter: A Simple Portable Water Filter For Heavy Metal Ion Removal
Authors: Ram Thimmiah Bhargavi , Nallathambi Gobi
Published: January 2023

A novel high efficient filtration system for heavy metal ion adsorption from water bodies has been developed. It is a cost‐efficient filtration system that removes Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions effectively in an efficient manner. Aloe vera fibre that has been alkali‐treated and given a thiol functional is stuffed into a porous tube with a packing density of 0.2, and the porous tube is covered with polyacrylonitrile nanofibre. Functionalized aloe vera fibre and PAN nano fibres were characterized by various techniques such as X‐ray difractiomatry (XRD), Attenuated total reflection‐fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile tester and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the heavy metal ion removal efficiency of filtration system was examined by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). Inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the filtering system‘s ability to remove heavy metal ions. In order to conduct column adsorption tests, the initial metal ion concentration was varied. The breakthrough curves of the trials were then analysed. With the aid of Thomas adsorption isotherm and Yoon‐Nelson model, the adsorption mechanism of thiol functionalized aloe vera fibre was thoroughly investigated. The portable filter has the ability to continuously treat waste water, which is a useful function.