bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repertoire policy and activities of the national opera and ballet theaters in the conditions of military aggression
Authors: Terada Nobuhiro
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the work is to identify changes in the repertoire policy of these institutions based on the analysis of the activities of the national opera and ballet theaters of Ukraine, which are determined by the influence of Russian military aggression and worldview and value transformations that are being formed in Ukrainian society and are aimed at protecting cultural and national identity. The research methodology is based on such scientific methods as analytical, comparative, and art studies, which made it possible to obtain reasonable research results and formulate appropriate conclusions. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the generalization and systematization of the activities of the national opera and ballet theaters (Kyiv, Lviv, Odesa) in the conditions of military aggression and the study of the corresponding changes in the repertoire policy, caused by the rejection of the repertoire related to Russian culture, instead of the promotion by the national opera theaters and ballet of Ukrainian culture and its values ​​among the international community. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that in the conditions of martial law, art, and in particular opera and ballet, in addition to continuing to perform their immediate functions, become expressions and symbols of indomitability and national stability. Modern productions, reflecting the drama of the time, make it possible to convey the complex emotions of the people, their pain of loss and hope for victory in an artistic form. In addition, national opera and ballet theaters acquire other features in their activities, transform into cultural hubs engaged in charity, volunteering, joining various public initiatives, especially among foreign colleagues and partners. Performances of opera and ballet troupes become an important component of the informational and cultural struggle against aggression, demonstrating the strength and beauty of Ukrainian culture to the world. The abandonment of the Russian repertoire by Ukrainian opera and ballet theaters during the war is a significant and symbolic step, driven by both cultural and political motives, which is part of a wider process of decolonization of Ukrainian culture and a break with the imperial heritage. This step symbolizes the desire for cultural independence, support of national identity and rejection of any form of cultural dependence on the aggressor country. Thus, the national opera and ballet theaters in Ukraine, despite all the difficulties, continue their activities, fulfilling not only a cultural, but also a social and patriotic mission in the conditions of war.
International Development Cooperation and Localisation: Theoretical Evolution and Practical Applications
Authors:   Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation, Park Chaewon , Shin Jaeeun
Published: October 2024

Purpose: By introducing localisation and exploring its key issues, this study aims to raise awareness of localisation within the context of international development cooperation in Korea and derive implications.
Originality: Localisation is an approach for promoting sustainable development by strengthening local capacities and expanding the use of locally available resources, with its necessity being increasingly highlighted amid the global economic crisis and various international challenges.
Methodology: This study analyzes key discourses of international development cooperation, the theoretical background and major concepts of localisation, as well as evaluation frameworks and issues, through a literature review.
Result: Localisation is regarded as a key paradigm in international development cooperation, as it enhances the autonomy of partner countries and incorporates the local social and cultural context. Moreover, it has been identified as playing a significant role in reshaping power dynamics between donors and local actors, while fostering the active participation of local communities.
Conclusion and Implication: The successful implementation of localisation necessitates equitable partnerships, active engagement of local communities, resolution of conflicts over control between donors and local entities, and a development approach that prioritizes sustainability. Addressing these challenges requires establishing a forum for dialogue grounded in mutual trust and cooperation between donors and local actors, thereby enhancing the sustainability of international development cooperation.
Analysis of Digital Literacy Levels and Related Factors among Children and Adolescents in Cambodia
Authors:   Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation, Park Hwanbo , Jeong Seongkyeong , Yoon Namhee , Bang Joonmin , Kil Hyeji
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the digital literacy and factors among children and adolescents in Cambodia.
Originality: While the Cambodian government emphasizes the cultivation of digitally literate citizens, opportunities for digital education within the public education system are lacking. This study assesses the digital literacy of Cambodian adolescents and explore related factors to provide insights for implementing digital education within Cambodia's public education.
Methodology: This study conducted a survey targeting students in grades 5-10 across 26 elementary and secondary schools within the project areas of the ‘Child fund’. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed using the collected data.
Result: The digital literacy score of adolescents averaged 49.2 out of 100, indicating a relatively low level. The digital literacy varied according to gender, grades, interest in digital activities, digital usage at home, and perceptions of the school's digital learning environment. Boys had higher digital literacy levels than girls, higher-grade students scored better than lower-grade students, and students with a greater interest in digital activities also had higher digital literacy levels. Adolescents from homes with higher digital accessibility, such as computers, tablets, and internet access, showed higher digital literacy levels. However, those who primarily used internet-enabled phones had lower digital literacy levels.
Conclusion and Implication: The digital literacy levels of adolescents vary based on individual characteristics and experiences. When designing digital education within Cambodia's public education system, it is essential to consider the personal characteristics and experiences of the children and adolescents. Additionally, efforts are needed to improve the digital learning environment in schools and to provide positive digital experiences outside of school, including at home.
Avaliação dos Sub-registros da Mortalidade por Câncer de Mama no Nordeste do Brasil ao Longo de 40 Anos
Authors: Camargo Juliana Dantas de Araújo Santos , Camargo Sávio Ferreira , Freitas Ana Karla Monteiro Santana de Oliveira , Simões Taynãna Cesar , Freire Flávio Henrique Miranda de Araújo , Gonzaga Marcos Roberto , Meira Karina Cardoso
Published: October 2024

Introdução: Planejamento e avaliação em saúde são prejudicados por informações de mortalidade de má qualidade. Objetivo: Avaliar as etapas de correçãodos registros de óbitos por câncer de mama na Região Nordeste no período de 1980 a 2019. Método: Estudo ecológico dos óbitos por câncer de mama em mulheres residentes nos Estados da Região Nordeste, a partir dos 20 anos, entre 1980 e 2019. Foram utilizados dados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIM/DATASUS). Correções foram feitas para idade ignorada, causa mal definida e diagnóstico incompleto de câncer. Realizada redistribuição proporcional segundo ano, faixa etária e Estado. Sub-registros corrigidos com gerações extintasajustadas. Taxas de mortalidade calculadas segundo faixa etária e padronizadas pelo método direto. Testes de Friedman e comparações múltiplas com correção de Bonferroni para diferenças nas taxas de mortalidade entre etapas de correção. Resultados: Taxa média de 11,91/100 mil mulheres. Aumento de 61% (19,19/100 mil) após as etapas de correção. Maior incremento após as correções: Maranhão (97%). Menor: Pernambuco (26%). Maiores taxas médias: Pernambuco (19,99/100 mil) e Ceará (19,33/100 mil). Menores: Maranhão (11,99/100 mil) e Piauí (14,03/100 mil). Houve diferenças significativas em todas as localidades entre as taxas de mortalidade por câncer de mama sem correção e após a aplicação das etapas de correção para qualidade da informação e inclusão da cobertura (p < 0,01). Conclusão: Após correções, houve alterações significativas nas taxas de mortalidade por câncer de mama em todos os Estados do Nordeste. Maiores incrementos ocorreram nos Estados com piores condições socioeconômicas. Assim, ficou evidenciada a relevância da correção.
РОЗВИТОК БІОФІЛЬНОГО ДИЗАЙНУ ЯК МЕТОДУ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ПРИРОДИ В МІСЬКЕ ПЛАНУВАННЯ
Authors: Шиян Тарас Дмитрович , Коншина Наталія Ігорівна , Боднар Ірина Петрівна
Published: October 2024

Процес урбанізації створює значні виклики для комфорту людини та її екологічної стійкості, а відсутність зв’язку з природою призводить до численних негативних наслідків для фізичного та психічного здоров’я населення. У свою чергу біофільний дизайн постає як перспективний підхід до інтеграції природних елементів у міське середовище, сприяючи розвитку симбіотичних відносин між людиною та природою. У статті розглядається розвиток біофільного дизайну як методу покращення міського планування шляхом використання природних елементів. Актуальність дослідження полягає у вирішенні питання необхідності розроблення стратегій сталого розвитку міст, які ставлять на перше місце забезпечення добробуту людей та екологічної рівноваги. Застосовуючи принципи біофілії, містобудівники та архітектори можуть створювати середовище, яке сприяє відчуттю зв’язку з природою, тим самим покращуючи загальну якість життя та пом’якшуючи негативні наслідки урбанізації. Метою статті є дослідження розвитку принципів біофільного дизайну та їх застосування в контексті міського планування. Завдяки комплексному огляду літератури та конкретних кейсів висвітлено різні стратегії та методи, що застосовуються в біофільному дизайні для інтеграції природи в міський простір. Також оцінено ефективність цих підходів у досягненні поставлених цілей, включаючи покращення естетики, якості повітря та води, зменшення стресу та сприяння доступу до зелених насаджень. Отримані результати свідчать, що біофільний дизайн створює численні переваги для міського середовища, зокрема збільшує біорізноманіття, покращує стан здоров’я і благополуччя людей, посилює соціальну згуртованість і підвищує стійкість до зміни клімату. Водночас інтеграція біофільних елементів у міське планування показала позитивний економічний вплив, підвищуючи попит на таку нерухомість, а отже, її вартість та залучаючи інвестиції. Проведене дослідження дозволяє стверджувати, що біофільний дизайн має величезний потенціал як цілісний підхід до міського планування, що поєднує людські потреби з екологічними імперативами. Разом із тим необхідні подальші дослідження для вивчення довгострокових наслідків біофільних заходів для міських екосистем та розроблення стандартизованих показників для оцінки їх ефективності. Майбутні розвідки мають дослідити масштабованість принципів біофільного дизайну до різних міських умов і культурних обставин, а також їх сумісність з іншими стратегіями сталого розвитку.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ АСИМІЛЯЦІЙНОГО АПАРАТУ ІЗОГЕННИХ ЗА Е‑ГЕНАМИ ЛІНІЙ СОЇ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ ЗА РІЗНОЇ ТРИВАЛОСТІ ФОТОПЕРІОДУ
Authors: Юхно Юлія Юріївна , Авксентьєва Ольга Олександрівна , Глушач Дмитро Вікторович
Published: October 2024

Соя культурна (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) є провідною зернобобовою культурою та одночасно модельною рослиною з дослідження біологічної природи фотоперіодизму. Дослідження ролі генотипу та фотоперіодичної реакції рослин у формуванні адаптивних стратегій регуляції асиміляційних процесів є актуальною проблемою сучасної фітофізіології. В роботі представлено результати аналізу функціонування асиміляційного апарату за показниками асиміляційних індексів та вмісту фотосинтетичних пігментів у ізогенних за генами контролю фотоперіодичної реакції ліній сої культурної за умов різної тривалості фотоперіоду. У якості рослинного матеріалу використовували майже ізогенні лінії (NILs) сої культурної (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) за генами контролю фотоперіодичної реакції: короткоденні рослини (КДР) – сорт Clark та ізолінія L80-5879 (генотип e1E2E3E4e5E7 та Е1е2е3Е4е5Е7); нейтральноденні рослини (НДР) – ізолінії L63-3117 та L71-920 (генотип e1е2Е3Е4е5Е7 та e1e2e3E4e5E7). Зі стадії третього справжнього листка (V3) одну частину рослин вирощували на природному довгому дні (16 годин), а другу – піддавали впливу короткого дня (9 годин) протягом 14 діб (фаза п’ятого справжнього листка – V5). У фази розвитку V3 та V5 вимірювали суху масу листків та рослин, число і площу листків, на основі яких розраховували асиміляційні індекси (LAR, SLA, LWR) та аналізували вміст хлорофілів А і В. Результати експериментів показали, що наявність трьох домінантних алелей генів Е2, Е3 і Е4 детермінує короткоденну реакцію рослин Сорту і під впливом скороченого до 9 годин фотоперіоду обумовлювало зниження LAR, переважно за рахунок значного зниження SLA і менш значного підвищення рівня LWR, а також зниження вмісту хлорофілів відносно рівня цих показників за довгого фотоперіоду. Домінантний ген Е1 обумовлює більше зниження вмісту хлорофілів А та В, а також LAR та SLA за короткого фотоперіоду, що може характеризувати гальмування збільшення лінійних параметрів рослини і більш ефективного нагромадження сухої маси, що є важливою умовою для переходу до генеративної фази. Комбінація домінантних алелей генів Е3 і Е4 визначає більш високий рівень LAR під впливом короткого фотоперіоду переважно за рахунок більш значного підвищення LWR, ніж зниження SLA, при цьому вміст хлорофілів не змінюється, у порівнянні із довгим днем. Рецесивний стан генів е1, е2, е3 обумовлює приблизно однакові показники вмісту хлорофілів та LAR, за незначної різниці SLA і LWR на довгому і короткому дні, що може свідчити про достатньо високу адаптивність асиміляційного апарату цих рослин до фотоперіодичних умов. Встановлено, що залежно від алельного стану генів фотоперіодичної чутливості (генів Е-серії) у генотипі ізоліній сої та їх фотоперіодичної реакції запускаються різноспрямовані стратегії адаптації асиміляційного апарату до умов фотоперіоду різної тривалості.
Apuntes sobre el concepto liberal de democracia
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Avalos Torres Ángel
Published: October 2024

En este artículo se propone una revisión del concepto liberal de democracia en relación al contexto cambiante en que se ha desarrollado. Se tomarán en cuenta cuatro ejes: primero, los principios de libertad económica y libertad individual que han influido en la idea de democracia liberal; segundo, el debate entre la democracia parlamentaria y la presidencial, dado el surgimiento de las democracias presidenciales en América; tercero, la llamada transición a la democracia, surgida de las disputas geopo-líticas tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial y la Guerra Fría, de la que surge una oposición fundamental entre las democracias occidentales frente a los llamados regímenes autoritarios, remanentes de los regímenes socialistas; y cuarto, la democracia de la sociedad civil, donde los desarrollos conceptuales giran en torno a una segunda oposición fundamental, promoviendo el establecimiento de regímenes cuyo principal actor político es la ciudadanía organizada frente al Estado.
¿El capitalismo puede ser antirracista? Una perspectiva desde el desarrollo del racismo y del capitalismo brasileño
Authors:   BMJ Associated Consultants, Instituto de Educação Superior de Brasília, Santiago Borges Nicholas
Published: October 2024

En los últimos tiempos, con el avance de las discusiones sobre la necesidad de (re)pensar los impactos del capitalismo y sus derivados hacia un mundo más equilibrado, se ha notado un aumento sobre las discusiones sobre un capitalismo antirracista, principalmente debido al creciente número de noticias sobre violencia policíaca y homicidios en América Latina. Este ensayo parte del presupuesto de que el racismo es una problemática latinoamericana y busca evaluar si este fenómeno y el capitalismo, en sus distintas formas y fases, es de hecho capaz de ser antirracista a través de un recompilado histórico sobre el capitalismo brasileño.
Mapping media practices of children and young people in Portugal
Authors: Pereira Sara , Brandão Daniel , Menezes Neumann Mariana , Mourão Marisa
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the media repertoires of children and young people between 11 and 19 years old living in Portugal. Based on 1 131 responses to an online questionnaire, it seeks to understand the totality of their media uses and whether and how they combine different media in their daily lives. The variables include age, school grade and sex. One of the primary findings of this research is that, although the students in the sample have a wide range of media in their media repertoires, they mostly use mobile phones and the Internet. The two main purposes of their media consumption are entertainment and communication.
English Instructors' Self-Efficacy Beliefs Regarding 21st-Century Skills and their Implementation and Assessment in the Classroom
Authors: Kafes Huseyin , Bilben Sinem
Published: October 2024

This study examines the self-efficacy beliefs of English Language Preparatory Program (EFL) instructors in teaching and assessing 21st-century skills and their integration into English classes. Utilizing a single and relational screening research design, data were collected via an online survey from 98 English language instructors employed at university preparatory schools providing intensive English instruction. The survey, including 72 items on eight dimensions of 21st century skills, employed a 5-point Likert-type scale. The results revealed discrepancies between instructors’ knowledge of these skills and their implementation of them in their classes. Instructors implemented these skills in their classes at a moderate level. Overall, instructors’ competency in integrating and assessing 21st-century skills fell below the standards expected in higher education institutions. These findings offer important implications and provide practical suggestions for improving the implementation and assessment of 21st-century skills.
Participation et évaluation émancipatrice en animation socioculturelle jeunesse. L’expérience d’une structure lausannoise
Authors: De Guglielmo Franco
Published: October 2024

« Le quartier de Prélaz est en train de se révolter peu à peu. […] Ce centre [est] tout d’abord un endroit où on partage des choses entre amis, mais cela n’est plus le cas dès à présent, à force d’appeler les parents, de virer des gens et de vouloir faire la police plutôt que le rôle d’animateur. […] Ce partage dont il est question se brise peu à peu. » Ce message WhatsApp nocturne, reçu par l’auteur de la part d’un jeune après la décision de l’équipe d’animation du Centre socioculturel de Prélaz-Valency, à Lausanne, de suspendre les activités jeunesse en raison des comportements problématiques de ses fréquenteurs, est symptomatique des difficultés rencontrées dans les interactions quotidiennes entre ces deux groupes. Par une étude de terrain conduite dans une structure fort conflictuelle, l’ouvrage montre que les jeunes participant.e.s évaluent continuellement les activités qui leur sont consacrées. Il.elles le font, toutefois, par des formes et selon des contenus liés à leurs parcours de vie, individuels et de groupe. Ces processus participatifs et le « sens » qui est donné au lieu ne trouvent pas de légitimité dans la culture professionnelle des animatrices et animateurs qui, de leur côté, sollicitent des pratiques participatives évaluatives formalisées et militantes. Ces pages entendent parler à l’ensemble des acteurs et des actrices impliqué.e.s, afin d’enrichir les débats publics actuels sur l’animation socioculturelle.
De la tardoantiguitat a l’alta edat mitjana: una visió arqueològica
Authors: Oliver Vert Jordi , Llinàs Pol Joan , Travé Allepuz Esther , Pratdesaba Albert , Ocaña Maria , Rocafiguera Montse , Ollich Imma , Alegría Tejedor Walter , Sancho Planas Marta , Amato Flavia , De Castellet Laura , Subirà M. Eulàlia , Sánchez Soler Marta , Soler Acedo Rosa , Ardiaca Rodríguez Jordi , Piay Augusto Diego , Guarnieri Chiara , Bruni Marco , Nin Núria , Nolla Josep Maria , Farreny Agràs Montserrat , Del Fresno Bernal Pablo , Travé Allepuz Esther , Roig Pérez Josep Francesc , Morera Camprubí Jordi , Cubo Córdoba Adrià , Coll Monteagudo Ramon , Navarro Sáez Rosario , Lecanda Jose A. , Vanni Edoardo , Saccoccio Federico , Gonzalo Xavier , Gibert Jordi , Folch Cristian , Martí Ramon , Menchon Bes Joan Josep , Miret‑Mestre Magí , Florensa Puchol Francesc , Baiges Minguella Montse , Prevosti Monclús Marta
Published: October 2024

El present volum presenta diferents estudis que aprofundeixen en les novetats aportades per l’arqueologia en el coneixement d’aquest període i que es varen presentar en el marc del VI Seminari Internacional d’Arqueologia Medieval i Moderna, celebrat a Roses el 19 d’octubre de l’any 2023. Els estudis seleccionats han estat agrupats en quatre grans blocs temàtics que aglutinen algunes de les grans problemàtiques que es plantegen a l’arqueologia a l’hora d’analitzar aquesta època: el món rural, el territori, les ciutats i els vilatges i, finalment, el món religiós.
Los últimos romanos en los límites de la romanidad
Authors: Lecanda Jose A.
Published: October 2024

L’alta vall de l’Ebre és l’extrem occidental de la província Tarraconense. La seva situació perifèrica havia marcat la seva escassa rellevància fins al Baix Imperi. Però el complicat segle V va provocar canvis significatius. La convergència a la mansio Virovesca de les vies Astorga‑Bordeus i Astorga‑Tarragona, la importància annonària i militar d’aquesta ruta, en una zona de pas al punt més distant de l’última província imperial a Hispània, el fet d’anar i venir de tropes imperials i germàniques, així com la implantació de sueus i vascons davant d’ells, va comportar que els darrers romans d’aquest confí intentessin reforçar les seves senyes d’identitat romanes davant dels nouvinguts. Aquest comportament, documentat només parcialment per via textual, ha deixat importants restes —militars, religioses, funeràries— que poden interpretar‑se des d’una perspectiva contextual i diacrònica, mostrant la transició de l’antiguitat a l’edat mitjana, de la Tarraconense al Ducat de Cantàbria.
Redescobrint el paisatge medieval del Laci du sud (Italia): El Monti Aurunci Project (MAP)
Authors: Vanni Edoardo , Saccoccio Federico
Published: October 2024

El projecte Monti Aurunci pretén investigar arqueològicament, històricament i geològicament la regió dels Monti Aurunci, situada al sud del Laci (Itàlia central), entre els Apenins i el mar Tirrè. Històricament, els Monti Aurunci representen una marca geogràfica decisiva, una zona de contacte i una interfície entre diferents entitats ètniques, sociopolítiques i econòmiques. Des del punt de vista geològic, les muntanyes Aurunci representen la terminació SO de la dorsal Lepini‑Ausoni‑Aurunci, que és el sector més interior dels Apenins Centrals (és a dir, el m.s proper al mar Tirrè). Atesa l’absència d’investigacions arqueològiques sistemàtiques i substancials per a aquesta zona, especialment en consideració de contextos propers molt estudiats com la Plana Pontina, la vall del Liri o Minturn al sud. Disposar d’un conjunt de dades exhaustives és una de les nostres preocupacions principals i serà fonamental per als nostres propòsits científics. En aquest estudi presentem alguns resultats preliminars de la primera prospecció arqueològica de la plana al·luvial de la Piana del Camp i de la primera campanya arqueològica a l’assentament medieval de Sant’Andrea.
Le quattro chiese di Coccanile di Copparo (FE): Una testimonianza di continuità di culto dal V‑VI sec. ai giorni nostri
Authors: Amato Flavia , Bruni Marco , Guarnieri Chiara
Published: October 2024

Actualment, s’estan excavant tres edificis sacres a la zona de l’Alt Ferrarese, a Coccanile di Copparo. L’existència d’una església consagrada a Sant Venanzio estava testificada in situ per una font del segle X, però la seva ubicació no era segura. Una excavació, duta a terme en un canal situat als límits de l’assentament de Coccanile, va poder documentar l’existència d’un primer edifici construït al voltant dels segles V‑VI, constituint un dels testimonis de culte més antics de la zona de Ferrara. Abandonada a causa de l’avanç progressiu d’un curs d’aigua, l’església va ser substituïda per una altra, construïda durant el segle VII, lleugerament desplaçada respecte a la primera. Aquesta darrera també va ser abandonada, per la qual cosa es va construir un tercer edifici més cap a l’interior que els dos anteriors, a uns 500 metres de distància. Actualment, l’església del centre de Coccanile, dedicada a Sant Venanci i construïda a principis del segle XVII, és oberta al culte. La investigació arqueològica ha tret així a la llum un document únic de continuïtat del culte des dels segles V‑VI dC. fins al llindar de l’Edat Moderna.
El yacimiento de «A Capela»: Un eslabón en la historia de Catoira
Authors: Piay Augusto Diego
Published: October 2024

Aquest treball descriu els resultats preliminars d’una actuació arqueològica desenvolupada el febrer de l’any 2023 a la finca d’A Capela (San Salvador, Catoira, Pontevedra). Amb el jaciment del mateix nom es vinculen una sèrie de troballes fortuïtes que des dels anys setanta del segle XX havien posat de manifest la seva potencialitat, però mai no havia estat objecte d’una intervenció arqueològica. L’actuació, malgrat la seva escassa entitat, ha permès donar una mica de llum sobre el passat del municipi de Pontevedra de Catoira, tradicionalment investigat únicament a través de l’estudi de les Torres d’Oest i la seva longeva història.
Canvi de paradigma en el món funerari durant l’Antiguitat Tardana i l’Alta Edat Mitjana al Prepirineu? El cas de la Bauma dels Ossos del Clot del Llop (Gironella, Berguedà)
Authors: Soler Acedo Rosa , Sánchez Soler Marta , Subirà M. Eulàlia
Published: October 2024

La bauma dels Ossos del Clot del Llop és un abric rocós localitzat al nucli de Cal Bassacs, al municipi de Gironella (Berguedà). Al seu interior es van localitzar restes antropològiques, les quals van ser parcialment excavades l’any 1978 pel grup de Prehistòria del Museu Comarcal de Berga. Es tracta d’un enterrament col·lectiu que, per similituds amb altres jaciments de la comarca i la troballa de fragments de ceràmica prehistòrica a les seves proximitats, va ser datat relativament com a calcolític. Quaranta‑dos anys després, les restes òssies van ser estudiades i datades per radiocarboni per tal d’obtenir més informació de la mostra poblacional enterrada i poder acotar la seva cronologia. Els resultats de les datacions fan pensar en un canvi de paradigma pel que fa a la cronologia del jaciment i, com a conseqüència, també del món funerari durant l’antiguitat tardana i l’alta edat mitjana a la comarca del Berguedà.
COMPARISON OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 RECEPTOR (IGF-1R) IN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS
Authors: Malik Mehreen , Sadaf Alam  , Sara Ziaullah  , Maria Hanif  , Noor Jahanzeb  , Ayesha Khitab
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the difference in immunohistochemical expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in diagnosed cases of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.Materials and Methods: This Comparative Cross-Sectional Study was conducted at the department of Pathology, Peshawar Medical and Dental College, Peshawar. A total of 100 Salivary Gland Tumors from 56 male and 44 female patients were included in the study, with an average age of 43.50 ± 15.21. The Immunohistochemical Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor was determined on both benign and malignant salivary gland tumors using the Bio SB Polyclonal IGF-1R antibody (rabbit, BT-AP04398). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.Results: For the immunohistochemical expression of IGF-1R on benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, the Allred Scoring method was utilized. P value of <0.05 was considered significant, but no positive signifi cance was found between the expression of IGF-1R and salivary gland tumors.Conclusion: IGF1R expression was positive in various SGTs but no statistically significant difference was seen in multiple histopathological types of benign and malignant SGT
BARRIERS TO INITIATE INSULIN THERAPY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DURATION OF DIABETES MELITIS AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN UNCONTROLLED TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS, A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Imran ullah  , Jehan Hassan  , Manahil Saeed Khan  , Muhammad Osama  , Hayat Muhammad  Khan  , Reshael Saeed
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To determine different barriers to initiate insulin therapy and association of duration of diabetes mellitus and demographic factors with barriers in initiation of insulin therapy in Uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study conducted among patients with type 2 diabetic patients presenting to endocrinology outpatient clinics in two Tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar ie. Khyber  Teaching hospital and hayatabad medical complex Peshawar. The duration of study was 03 months after approval of synopsis. The sample size was 257.The study population was selected by consecutive non probability sampling technique. The data was collected by pre designed questionnaire. All the included patients were interviewed on pre designed questionnaire. Data was processed in SPSS version 22.Results: In study we found that patients face different barriers to initiate insulin therapy. In our study, side effects of insulin was the barrier for 97(37.7%) of the patient, difficulty in carrying insulin was barrier for 128(49.8%) patients , dose adjustment of insulin was barrier for 90(35%) patients, fear if insulin needle was barrier for 89 (34.6%) patients, self administration of insulin was barrier for 98(38.1%) patients , affordability of insulin was barrier accounting for 114(44%) patients , frightened about insulin therapy by someone was barrier for116 (45.1%) patients. The association between economic status of patient and the barrier that they are frightened by someone was statistically significant. Chi-square test was also run between duration of diabetes with all barriers in which one association was found nearly signifi cant i.e. the association of duration of diabetes with difficulty in carrying insulin with the p value of 0.064.Conclusion: The most common barrier in insulin therapy initiation of patients in the study was difficulty in carrying insulin. We found that there is near to signifi cant association between duration of diabetes and difficulty in carrying insulin. There is significant association between economic status of patient and frightened by someone. The lower the economic status the more frightened about Insulin use.
Gonococcal infections and risk factors for reinfection: a descriptive and case-case analysis of notifications in the Australian Capital Territory, 2017–2022
Authors: Padrotta Jill , Marmor Alexandra , Pingault Nevada , Pourmarzi Davoud
Published: October 2024

(Background): In Australia, gonococcal infection notification rates are increasing with reinfections representing a substantial proportion of infections. Understanding the local epidemiology of gonococcal infections and reinfections and the risk factors for reinfection can assist with the design of targeted interventions. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of gonococcal infections and reinfections between 2017 and 2022 in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), and examine the risk factors for reinfection. (Methods): Data for gonococcal infections notified in the ACT between 2017 and 2022 were described. The epidemiological characteristics of individuals with a single infection and reinfection were compared using a case-case study design. (Results): There were 1,886 gonococcal infection notifications during the study period. Of these, 20.4% were reinfections (n = 385). Of 1,501 individuals, 1,254 (83.5%) had a single infection and 247 (16.5%) had a reinfection. Between 2017 and 2022, the annual gonococcal infection notification rate per 100,000 population increased from 59.98 to 80.14 and the proportion of reinfections from 4.0% to 26.8%. Compared with those with a single infection, individuals with a reinfection had significantly greater odds of being male, having a same-sex sexual exposure, using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis at diagnosis, and having been diagnosed at a sexual health/family planning clinic. Individuals with a reinfection had significantly greater odds of being in the 25–34, 35–44 and 45–54 years age groups than the 14–24 years age group. The odds of anatomical site of first infection being only the rectum, only the throat, or at more than one site, compared with urogenital only, were significantly greater for those with a reinfection. (Conclusion): Gonococcal reinfections contribute substantially to gonococcal infection notifications in the ACT. Targeted interventions are needed to prevent gonococcal reinfections among at-risk groups, particularly men who have sex with men, people who use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, and individuals accessing sexual health/family planning services.
Long-term outcomes and risk modifiers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease between lean and non-lean populations
Authors: Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Suparan Kanokphong , Prasitsumrit Vitchapong , Ahmed Aijaz , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Kim Donghee
Published: October 2024

One-third of adults across the globe exhibit metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)―formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To date, MASLD is the fastest-growing etiology of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Besides the population with obesity, MASLD can also be found in lean populations, accounting for 13% of the global population, especially Asians. Notably, individuals with lean MASLD face equal or higher overall mortality rates compared to their non-lean counterparts. Risk modifiers encompass advanced age, hepatic fibrosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, the population with lean MASLD is associated with an increased risk of HCC, while their non-lean counterparts are more prone to cardiovascular outcomes and T2DM. Existing evidence indicates a similar risk of liver-related events and extrahepatic cancer between the two groups. However, MASLD-related genetic variants, such as PNPLA3 and TM6SF2, did not significantly affect mortality between the two populations. Still, underreporting alcohol consumption and regional representation limits the study’s comprehensiveness. Longitudinal studies and mechanistic explorations are needed to understand differences in lean versus non-lean MASLD populations. This review highlights the need for awareness and tailored interventions in managing MASLD, considering lean individuals’ unique risks.
False killer whales and fisheries in Hawaiian waters: evidence from mouthline and dorsal fin injuries reveal ongoing and repeated interactions
Authors: Harnish AE , Baird RW , Mahaffy SD , Douglas AB , Kratofil MA , Shaff JF , Cullins T , Stack SH , Currie JJ , Bradford AL
Published: October 2024

Monitoring bycatch in fisheries is essential for effective conservation and fisheries sustainability. False killer whales Pseudorca crassidens in Hawaiian waters are known to interact with both commercial and recreational fisheries, but limited observer coverage across Hawaiian fisheries obscures the ability to assess bycatch. We build upon previous work and assess occurrence of fisheries interactions through photographic evidence of dorsal fin and mouthline injuries for 3 false killer whale populations in Hawai‘i. Photographs of injuries on dorsal fins and mouthlines collected between 1999-2021 were scored for consistency with fishery interactions (‘not consistent’, ‘possibly consistent’, ‘consistent’). For individuals with both dorsal fin and mouthline photos available, the endangered main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) population had the highest rates of injuries consistent with fisheries interactions (28.7% of individuals), followed by the pelagic stock (11.7%), while no individuals from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands population with both types of photos had fisheries-related injuries. Some individuals from the MHI population were documented with multiple fisheries-related injuries acquired on different occasions, indicating repeated interactions with fisheries. Individuals first began acquiring injuries consistent with fishery interactions at an estimated age of 2 yr. Females were more likely to have fisheries-related dorsal fin injuries than males, but rates of fisheries-related mouthline injuries were similar between the sexes. Injuries consistent with fisheries interactions were acquired throughout the study period, indicating that this is an ongoing issue, not a legacy of past fishery interactions. Our results suggest that efforts to reduce bycatch and begin monitoring of fisheries that overlap the range of the endangered MHI population are needed.
Photogrammetry-based body condition for monitoring an Arctic marine mammal experiencing habitat loss
Authors: Rode KD , Fischbach A , Synnott M , Stewart J , Northcraft N , Allen E , Trotto K , Vancsok C , Issenjou N , Ploof S , Rager S , DiRocco S , Owens S , Prahl A
Published: October 2024

Monitoring animal body condition can provide insight on population responses to environmental change. Pacific walruses Odobenus rosmarus divergens are experiencing loss of their sea ice habitat which has decreased the time females spend foraging during a critical period of pregnancy and lactation. Here we investigated the potential for body condition to track demographic change and be monitored via 2-dimensional aerial imagery by (1) examining whether walrus growth and body mass tracked estimated historic demographic changes, (2) collecting morphometric and body mass data and aerial imagery of walruses in human care to determine if sex, age group, and body size and condition can be determined from imagery, and (3) examining aerial imagery from a large coastal haulout used primarily by females and young to estimate potential sample sizes of measurable walruses. Body mass and growth in body length decreased between the late 1970s and early 1980s, concurrent with a period when the population approached carrying capacity and subsequently declined. Measures from aerial imagery (1) accurately distinguished reproductive-age females from subadults and adult males and (2) enabled body mass estimates with 6-7% error using either the areal footprint or a combination of length and width. We found a mean (±SD) of 216 ± 77 walruses appropriately positioned for measurement from aerial surveys of the haulout, enabling measurements of ≥7000 individuals annually via repeated daily imagery. Our results suggest that body mass of reproductive-age females and growth of dependent young may be useful indicators to augment monitoring of the Pacific walrus population and can be achieved via non-invasive aerial imagery collections.
Pentecostal Culture and Imaginaries about Jews and Israel in Favelas: The Case of Complexo de Israel (Rio de Janeiro)
Authors: Vital da Cunha Christina
Published: October 2024

In this article, I aim to continue reflecting on the flourishing of Pentecostal culture in Brazil by exploring how this phenomenon directly influences the use of images and vocabulary associated with Judaism and the State of Israel. Without disregarding the rise of global right-wing and far-right movements and the particular valorisation their most emblematic actors show towards the State of Israel, garnering significant media attention, I seek to understand the reasons behind this appreciation that publicly emerged less than a decade ago. These reasons are linked to the growth of Pentecostalism in Latin America and Brazil, particularly from its outlying ghettos. Based on long-term fieldwork involving interviews and image documentation since the 1990s, I propose analytical keys that consider the conjunction of racial, religious, ontological/security issues and issues related to violent crime as situationally significant for the emergence of imaginaries about Israel and the Jews, and the rhetoric of loss in Brazilian ghettos, with special attention to the social dynamics in Rio de Janeiro.
Traditionalist Catholicism: The Case of the Society of Saint Pius X in Argentina
Authors: Bargo Maria
Published: October 2024

Based on the case of the Society of Saint Pius X which I studied ethnographically for my undergraduate thesis, I aim to understand how traditional identity is constructed within this particular sector of Catholicism. As will be seen throughout the text, it is through various educational instances of different kinds and levels of formality and through sociability that certain notions about sexuality, expected family models, and gender roles are transmitted, based on specific moral values. Additionally, a sort of myth of origin is constructed to reinforce the idea of an ‘everlasting’ Catholicism. The Mass ritual, besides synthesising all these elements, helps to remember the myth and reinforce belonging. According to the arguments of its members, this demonstrates a willingness to preserve the forms and maintain a specific order – that of tradition.
Türkiye’deki Biyokütle Enerji Santrallerinin Mekânsal İstatistiksel Yöntemlerle Analizi
Authors: Türkşen Özlem
Published: October 2024

Biyokütle enerjisi, günümüz koşullarında artan enerji tüketimini sağlayabilmek amacıyla alternatif olarak kullanılan yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından biridir. Enerji verimliliği konusunda kritik öneme sahip olduğu düşünülen biyokütle enerji santrali (BES) kurulum yerlerinin uygun biçimde belirlenmiş olması yenilenebilir enerjiden maksimum düzeyde fayda sağlamak için gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de kurulu olan BES’lerin konumu ve konumdaki öznitelik değerlerini dikkate alarak mekânsal istatistiksel analizler yapılması amaçlanmıştır. BES’lere ilişkin mekânsal nokta verilere keşfedici mekânsal veri analizi ve mekânsal desen analizi uygulanarak temel düzeyde bilgiler edinilmiştir. BES mekânsal nokta verilerinin kurulu güç değerleri öznitelik verisi olarak dikkate alınıp mekânsal otokorelasyon analizleri ve mekânsal enterpolasyon yapılmıştır. CBS yazılım programı olarak kullanılan ArcGIS Pro ile elde edilen mekânsal istatistiksel analizlerde BES’lerin konum ve kurulu güç değerlerine göre mekânsal dağılımının rastgele olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Mekânsal enterpolasyon amacıyla uygulanan Kriging analizi sonucunda öngörü haritası oluşturularak yeni kurulacak BES’lerin konumuna göre güç değeri öngörüleri yapılabileceği gösterilmiştir.
W1-Net: a highly scalable ptychography convolutional neural network
Authors: Xing Chengye , Wang Lei , Mu Yangyang , Li Yu , Chang Guangcai
Published: October 2024

X-ray ptychography is a coherent diffraction imaging technique that allows for the quantitative retrieval of both the amplitude and phase information of a sample in diffraction-limited resolution. However, traditional reconstruction algorithms require a large number of iterations to obtain phase and amplitude images exactly, and the expensive computation precludes real-time imaging. To solve the inverse problem of ptychography data, PtychoNN uses deep convolutional neural networks for real-time imaging. However, its model is relatively simple, and its accuracy is limited by the size of the training dataset, resulting in lower robustness. To address this problem, a series of W-Net neural network models have been proposed which can robustly reconstruct the object phase information from the raw data. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our neural network exhibits better robustness, superior reconstruction capabilities and shorter training time with high-precision ptychography imaging.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis identifies a novel tumor-associated macrophage subtype predicting better prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Li Dongyi , Zhu Bo , Hua Zichun
Published: October 2024

Background

Characterized by an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is well-known for its poor prognosis. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in PDAC TME. An in-depth understanding of TAMs is helpful to develop new strategies for immunotherapy.

Methods

A large number of single-cell RNA sequencing data and bulk RNA sequencing data of PDAC were collected for systematic bioinformatics analysis. Characterize subtypes of TAMs at single-cell resolution and its effect on prognosis. Differential gene analysis and cell-cell communication were used to describe the effect on prognosis and validated by the TCGA dataset.

Results

We used two prognosis-favorable genes, SLC12A5 and ENPP2, to identify a benign M2-like TAMs (bM2-like TAMs), which shared similarities with C1QC + TAMs, CXCL9+ TAMs and CD169+ TAMs, by analyzing scRNA-seq data and bulk RNA data of PDAC. The bM2-like TAMs were revealed to promote T cell activation and proliferation through ALCAM/CD6 interaction. Meanwhile, the bM2-like TAMs were responsible for stroma modeling by altering αSMA+/αSMA-cell ratio. On the contrast, the rest of the M2-like TAMs were defined as malignant M2-like TAMs (mM2-like TAMs), partly overlapping with SPP1+ TAMs. mM2-like TAMs were revealed to promote tumor progression by secretion of MIF and SPP1.

Conclusion

Our study used two prognosis-favorable genes to divide M2-like TAMs of PDAC into anti-tumor bM2-like TAMs and pro-tumor mM2-like TAMs. The bM2-like TAMs activate T cells through ALCAM/CD6 and generate prognosis-favorable αSMA+ myofibroblasts through secreting TGFβ, which brings insight into heterogeneity of TAMs, prognosis prediction and immunotherapy of PDAC.
A rapid and visual detection assay for Senecavirus A based on recombinase-aided amplification and lateral flow dipstick
Authors: Song Yiwan , Fang Yiqi , Zhu Shuaiqi , Wang Weijun , Wang Lianxiang , Chen Wenxian , He Yintao , Yi Lin , Ding Hongxing , Zhao Mingqiu , Fan Shuangqi , Li Zhaoyao , Chen Jinding
Published: October 2024

Background

Senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly pathogenic virus correlated with the acute death of piglets and vesicular lesions in pigs. The further prevalence of SVA will cause considerable economic damage to the global pig farming industry. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for SVA are crucial for preventing and controlling the disease.

Methods

We designed multiple primer pairs targeting the most conserved region of the SVA 3D gene and selected those with the highest specificity. Nfo-probes were subsequently developed based on the highest specificity primer pairs. Subsequently, the recombinase-assisted amplification (RAA) reaction was completed, and the reaction temperature and duration were optimized. The RAA amplicons were detected using a lateral flow device (LFD). Finally, a rapid and intuitive RAA-LFD assay was established against SVA.

Results

The SVA RAA-LFD assay can be performed under reaction conditions of 35°C within 17 minutes, with results observable to the naked eye. We then evaluated the performance of this method. It exhibited high specificity and no cross-reaction with the other common swine pathogens. The lowest detectable limits of this method for the plasmid of pMD18-SVA-3D, DNA amplification product, and viral were 3.86×101 copies/µL, 8.76×10-7 ng/µL, and 1×100.25 TCID50/mL, respectively. A total of 44 clinical samples were then tested using the RAA-LFD, PCR, and RT-qPCR methods. The results demonstrated a consistent detection rate between the RAA-LFD and RT-qPCR assays.

Conclusion

The SVA RAA-LFD assay developed in our study exhibits excellent specificity, sensitivity, and time-saving attributes, making it ideally suited for utilization in lack-instrumented laboratory and field settings.