bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of press-coatings for the development of prolonged release tablets based on hygroscopic substances
Authors: Kotsur Yu. M. , Terenteva O. A. , Flisyuk E. V. , Narkevich I. A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The development of universal approaches to work with hygroscopic substances is an urgent task of pharmaceutical technology. Coating of tablets with hygroscopic substances deserves special attention. Pressed coatings represent a promising method for coating hygroscopic tablets. Such coating can contribute both to imparting the specified release characteristics to the tablet, and to the protection of APS from environmental factors, as well as can be an alternative to obtaining matrix tablets of prolonged action with hygroscopic substances in those cases when direct contact of APS with the polymeric carrier is undesirable.

Aim. Study of the possibility of using pressed coatings to control the kinetics and release site of hygroscopic substances from tablets using DEAE as an example.

Materials and methods. The object of the present study was the substance bis{2-[(2Z)-4-hydroxy-4-oxobut-2-enoyloxy]-N,N-diethylethanaminium} butanedioneate (DEAE), shellac (BonuLac®, Biogrund GmbH, Germany); copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate (AquaPolish® 712, Biogrund GmbH, Germany); copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl acetate (Kollidon® SR, BASF, Germany), ethyl cellulose (Acros Organics, USA). Lactose monohydrate (Tablettose® 80, Meggle AG, Germany) was added to the formulations as an excipient. The superdisintegrant crospovidone XL and the lubricant sodium stearyl fumarate (JRS, Germany) were used to improve disintegration.

Results and discussion. The properties of the pressed coatings were studied. Shellac-based coating mixture may be suitable for obtaining enteric soluble coating for dissolution in medium with pH 4.5. PVP and PVA copolymer does not provide stability of coatings in acidic medium, but its introduction into formulations with ethyl cellulose, as well as into formulations with copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate allows to achieve uniform release in all media within 5 hours.

Conclusion. The study showed the possibility of using pressed coatings to control the kinetics of API release. The coating obtained using this technology can be used for hygroscopic substances. This method is a useful alternative when it is necessary to separate the matrix-forming polymer and the API, which have synergistic hygroscopic properties.
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS ON AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR
Authors: Mekkawati Handini , Raharjo Teguh , Yuniarti Rina
Published: November 2024

The public sector is transforming by adopting an agile approach to overcome bureaucratic rigidity and lagging the private sector. The aim is to overcome the limitations of traditional approaches by encouraging flexibility in planning, operations, and service delivery. In the face of diverse, agile characteristics, further research is required on the challenges and best practices other public sector organizations can adopt. This research identifies key challenges in agile implementation within the PMBOK 7th edition project performance domains with the most issues: Development Approach and Life Cycle and Project Work Domain. Using a systematic literature review (SLR), 35 of 680 reviewed papers were selected as references. The biggest challenges were in the Project Work Domain, dominated by the context of monitoring new work and changes, project processes, and procurement processes. Best practices were identified to address these challenges and guide other public sectors in supporting more flexible and responsive public service delivery.
LGBTIQ+ Employees’ Coping Strategies to Deal with Gender Discrimination at Work: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Özdemir Melek , Açıkgöz Banu
Published: November 2024

The objective of this study is to elucidate the coping mechanisms that LGBTIQ+ individuals employ in response to discrimination based on their sexual orientation and gender identity in the context of business life in Turkiye, with a particular focus on the influence of prevailing social norms and legal deficiencies. It is possible that LGBTIQ+ individuals may refrain from pursuing their rights in the event of discrimination. Consequently, LGBTIQ+ employees develop individual coping strategies in response to discriminatory practices. In this study, interviews were conducted with 19 LGBTIQ+ employees. The objective of the interviews is to ascertain the strategies that employees utilize to cope with discrimination. The structure and generally accepted norms of Turkish society, which justify LGBTIQ+ individuals’ concerns about discrimination and exclusion from social life, have formed the basis of scientific curiosity for this research project. The data obtained from the interviews were transcribed and subjected to a descriptive analysis. The findings were subsequently classified into the following categories: hiding in the workplace, hiding as a result of witnessing discrimination, living a facade, remaining silent in the face of discrimination, confronting discrimination, and not seeking legal rights. The findings indicate that the most prevalent coping strategy employed by LGBTIQ+ individuals is the concealment of their sexual orientation and gender identity. This approach often results in a sense of disconnection from their authentic selves in professional settings. Moreover, the primary strategies employed by LGBTIQ+ employees are identified as working for organizations that are relatively accommodating LGBTIQ+ individuals, working with acquaintances, and imitating a heterosexual lifestyle. The data indicate that individual coping strategies have been employed more frequently by gay and bisexual individuals than by transgender individuals.
Діяльність земських лібералів Північного Лівобережжя у сфері забезпечення функціонування системи мирових судів (60-80-і рр. ХІХ ст.)
Authors: Котельницький Назар
Published: November 2024

У статті досліджується діяльність земських лібералів Північного Лівобережжя у сфері забезпечення функціонування системи мирових судів на етапі 60-80 рр. ХІХ ст. На основі аналізу широкого комплексу історичних джерел, частина з яких вперше запроваджується до міжнародного наукового обігу, автор прийшов до висновку про те, що юридична діяльність представників опозиційної аристократичної фронди північної України була проявом громадського подвижництва, яке відповідало параметрам соціальної програми земського ліберального руху у 60-80-х рр. ХІХ ст. Історичні джерела переконливо свідчать, що ліберальні земці систематично та наполегливо піклувались про організацію, розвиток і поступ системи мирових судів у провінції. Правнича діяльність представників земського лібералізму регіону стала невід’ємною складовою соціально-політичної доктрини досліджуваної течії у визвольному русі Російської імперії, головна мета якої полягала у побудові на практиці громадянського суспільства та демократичного, правового ладу у державі Романових.
Про етнічну самоідентифікацію селянства Наддніпрянської України кінця 19 – початку 20 ст.
Authors: Fareniy Igor
Published: November 2024

Мета дослідження – з’ясувати уявлення селянства Наддніпрянської України про свою етнічну приналежність та інтереси, пов’язані з нею.
Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що представлені докладні дані щодо етнічної самоідентифікації селянства Наддніпрянської України, подано збалансовану картину етнічного самоусвідомлення селянської верстви. Результати дослідження заперечують однозначне трактування етнічної самоідентифікації селянства, яке у науковій літературі передбачає або констатацію відсутності етнічної самоідентифікації селянства, або – високого рівня національної свідомості. Стаття показує різні тенденції етнічного поступу в середовищі селянського соціуму, процес перетворення селянства з етнографічної маси у сформовану національну єдність і причини етнічної трансформації селянства.
Висновки. В уявленнях селянського соціуму Наддніпрянської України про власну етнічну приналежність сполучалися різні тенденції. Частина селян в етнічному відношенні себе не ідентифікувала, стримано ставилася до спроб розвитку національної культури. Водночас селянство відрізняло себе від представників інших етносів. Серед певної частини селянської верстви проявлявся інтерес до україномовної літератури. Існував і прошарок селянства, що чітко ідентифікував себе в етнічному відношенні, відзначався розумінням загальнонаціональних інтересів, і виявляв готовність до їх захисту.
Вказані тенденції становили якісно різні рівні етнічного розвитку селянства, яке вступило у період формування національної свідомості й інтенсивно проходило шлях від етнографічної маси до національної спільноти. Причинами етнічної трансформації стала культурно-пропагандистська та політико-ідеологічна робота інтелігенції, участь селянства у революційній соціально-політичній боротьбі та воєнних подіях, а також втягування селянського господарювання у сферу товарно-ринкових відносин з представниками інонаціонального середовища, що зумовлювало формування етнічної ідентичності серед селянства. Водночас протягом досліджуваного періоду, очевидно, не усі представники селянської верстви набули сформованої етнічної свідомості.
Фінансування. Стаття підготовлена за результатами фундаментального дослідження «Соціокультурний простір України другої половини ХІХ – першої третини ХХ ст.: селянський світ» (номер державної реєстрації: 0123U101600) за підтримки Міністерства освіти і науки України.
Каталізатори національної ідентичності українців Карпатського регіону під час Першої світової війни
Authors: Borchuk Stepan , Kostyuchok Petro
Published: November 2024

Мета статті – дослідити чинники, які вплинули на конструювання національної ідентичності українського населення Карпатського регіону під час Першої світової війни.
Наукова новизна – проаналізовано вплив Першої світової війни на формування національної ідентичності українського населення Карпатського регіону.
Висновки. Велика війна активувала національно-визвольні процеси в Європі. Вона загострила національні питання у поліетнічних державах. Одним із них було невирішене українське питання.
Війна спричинила до зміни традиційних структур і світоглядів. Відбувся перегляд соціополітичного, господарського, етнокультурного досвіду. Це став переломний момент для українства. Він характеризувався колективною політичною мобілізацією. В етнічній сфері – визначеною груповою ідентифікацією.
Більшість українського населення Карпат становили гуцули, бойки та лемки. Воно було у більшості політично інертним і частково етнічно амбівалентним. У часи війни вони саморефлексували себе русинами. Лише частина з них усвідомлювали себе українцями. Війна якісно пришвидшила процеси національного самоосягнення. Вона спонукала до чіткого вибору «свій-чужий». Результатом цього стало поглиблення власної національної саморефлексії.
На трансформацію вплинули комунікаційні, інформаційні, адаптаційні процеси. На це впливала австрійська та російська окупаційна влади. Їх політика щодо українців Карпат була дискримінаційною. На практиці вона мала багато негативних проявів.
Значного поширення набули українські етноніми. Зросла та поглибилась національна самоідентифікація українських горян. Більшою мірою у бойків і гуцулів, меншою серед лемків.
Війна стала каталізатором процесів національної ідентифікації, сприяла подоланню стереотипів, аполітичності, інертності українців Карпат. Виявом цього стали випробування на лояльність і патріотизм. Війна стала засобом переосмислення, віднайдення, конструювання власної ідентичності.
Військові дії, мобілізація, окупація прискорили етнонаціональне самоусвідомлення українців Карпат. Вони пришвидшили процеси українського націєтворення. Трансформували регіональні ідентичності в загальноукраїнську, індивідуальну ідентичність – в колективну. Інтенсифікували поширення соборницької ідеї у роки Великої війни.
Diplomatic Relations of Albania with the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (1925-1928)
Authors: Lutfiu Skender , Hasani Mentor
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research paper is to characterize the diplomatic relations between Albania and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes from 1925 to 1928 and to determine the influence of Rome on Albania-Yugoslavia relations.
The scientific novelty. The dynamics of diplomatic efforts for cooperation between Tirana and Belgrade, as well as the moments of their political crises, such as the Gjurashkoviç question in 1927, are presented. The role of Italy as a neighbor whose diplomatic activity played a significant role in diplomatic relations between Tirana and Belgrade in 1925-1928 is analyzed. Peculiarities of Albanian diplomacy headed by Zogu and its ability to maneuver in relations with Rome and Belgrade, while overcoming internal crises and striving to preserve the state’s sovereignty, are uncovered. The authors have identified all the most important factors that determined the diplomatic relations between Tirana and Belgrade.
Conclusions. Diplomatic relations between Tirana and Belgrade in 1925-1928 developed depending on various internal and external factors. A characteristic feature of Albania-Yugoslavia relations, as in all previous periods, was mutual distrust and constant mutual accusations regarding several sensitive issues: Shën Naumi and Vermosh (1925), the uprising of Loro Caka (1926), the First and Second Tirana Pacts (1926-1927), and especially, the Gjurashkoviç question (1927).
However, the main factor in Albania-Yugoslavia relations was Italy, whose active diplomacy was decisive in those relations. As a result, despite Belgrade’s restoration of Zogu’s power in 1924, performing to their advantage, Rome’s influence forced the Albanian state to distance itself from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia with reorientation towards Italy.
An important factor in diplomatic relations between Tirana and Belgrade was the issue of the relocation of the Albanian population from Kosovo and other Albanian territories, as well as implementing of state violence and terror by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia against Albanians. That occurred due to the fact that while official Tirana and Albanian intellectuals raised their voices in defense of Albanians in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, officials in Belgrade accused Tirana of interfering in their internal affairs.
Development and application of a quadruplex TaqMan real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay for four porcine digestive pathogens
Authors: Wang Haojie , Sun Yue , Chen Jianxing , Wang Wei , Yu Haibo , Gao Caixia , An Tongqing , Wang Yue , Chen Hongyan , Zhu Liangquan , Jin Zhimin , Yu Changqing , Xia Changyou , Zhang He
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Lawsonella intracellularis, and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae are the primary pathogens responsible for gastrointestinal diseases in pigs, posing a significant threat to the health and productivity of pig production systems. Pathogen detection is a crucial tool for monitoring and managing these infections.

Methods

We designed primers and probes targeting the invA gene of Salmonella, the 23S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli, the aspA gene of Lawsonella intracellularis, and the nox gene of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. We developed a quadruplex TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR assay capable of simultaneously detecting these four pathogens.

Results

This assay demonstrated high sensitivity, with detection limits of 100 copies/μL for the recombinant plasmid standards pEASY-23S rRNA, pEASY-aspA, and pEASY-nox, and 10 copies/μL for pEASY-invA. The standard curves exhibited excellent linearity (R2 values of 0.999, 0.999, 1, and 0.998, respectively) and high amplification efficiencies (93.57%, 94.84%, 85.15%, and 81.81%, respectively). The assay showed high specificity, with no cross-reactivity detected against nucleic acids from Streptococcus suis, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), Pasteurella multocida, Clostridium perfringens, Gracilaria parapsilosis, porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV), porcine group A rotavirus (GARV), and porcine teschovirus (PTV). The assay also exhibited excellent repeatability, with inter- and intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 0.15% to 1.12%. High concentrations of nucleic acids did not interfere with the detection of low concentrations, ensuring robust performance in complex samples. Among 263 diarrhoeic samples, the assay detected Salmonella in 23.95%, Escherichia coli in 26.24%, Lawsonella intracellularis in 33.84%, and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in 22.43%.

Discussion

This quadruplex TaqMan qPCR assay offers a rapid, sensitive, and specific tool for the simultaneous detection of Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Lawsonella intracellularis, and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in pigs.
Unraveling the gut: the pivotal role of intestinal mechanisms in Kawasaki disease pathogenesis
Authors: Tao Enfu , Lang Dandan
Published: November 2024

Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute systemic vasculitis that primarily affects children under 5 years of age, is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in this age group. Recent studies propose a novel perspective on KD’s etiology, emphasizing the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, particularly the role of gut permeability. This review delves into how disruptions in gut barrier function trigger systemic inflammatory responses, exacerbate vascular inflammation, and contribute to coronary artery aneurysms. Evidence suggests that children with KD often exhibit increased gut permeability, leading to an imbalance in gut immunity and subsequent gut barrier damage. These changes impact vascular endothelial cells, promoting platelet aggregation and activation, thereby advancing severe vascular complications, including aneurysms. Additionally, this review highlights the correlation between GI symptoms and increased resistance to standard treatments like intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), indicating that GI involvement may predict therapeutic outcomes. Advocating for a new paradigm, this review calls for integrated research across gastroenterology, immunology, and cardiology to examine KD through the lens of GI health. The goal is to develop innovative therapeutic interventions targeting the intestinal barrier, potentially revolutionizing KD management and significantly improving patient outcomes.
Investigating the clinical predictive utility of inflammatory markers and nomogram development in colorectal cancer patients with malnutrition
Authors: Wang Xuexing , Tang Xingxing , Xu Jinsong , Zhang Rong , Chu Jie , Chen Chunmei , Wei Chunmei
Published: November 2024

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship and prognostic significance of serum neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with malnutrition, as well as to construct a nomogram for predicting the onset of malnutrition.

Methods

The clinical data of 391 inpatients who were hospitalized from December 1, 2021 to January 31, 2023 the diagnosis of CRC were selected and divided into a malnutrition group (121 cases) and a well-nourished group (270 cases) according to whether they were malnourished or not. Focusing on comparing the differences in serum NLR, PLR, SII index, PNI index and general information between the two groups, the Binary logistics regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting malnutrition, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were established to assess the predictive value of serum NLR, PLR, SII index, and PNI index individually and jointly for malnutrition, and to calculate the optimal predictive thresholds. Finally a highly accurate clinical predictive nomogram was constructed.

Results

Compared with the well-nourished group, the malnourished group had higher serum NLR, SII index, PLR and lower PNI index levels, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). The area under the curve of NLR, SII index, PLR, and PNI index alone and in combination predicted a poor prognosis of 0.705, 0.665, 0.636, 0.773, and 0.784, respectively. After conducting Logistic regression analysis, the nomogram, which included BMI, NRS-2002, long-term bed rest, and PNI, demonstrated strong predictive capabilities. Decision curves highlighted the clinical utility of the predictive nomograms. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed strong discrimination (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.958, 95% CI: 0.937–0.979). Additionally, the ROC analysis indicated a sensitivity of 0.843 and specificity of 0.937. Calibration curves exhibited excellent concordance between nomogram predictions and observed outcomes. Decision curves highlighted the clinical utility of the predictive nomograms.

Conclusion

Serum NLR, SII index, PLR, and PNI are significant predictive factors for the development of malnutrition in patients with CRC. These indices, whether considered individually or collectively, possess clinical relevance in forecasting malnutrition. Furthermore, the creation of an innovative nomogram prediction model offers considerable clinical utility.
GLPp16 gene amplification induces susceptibility to high-grade urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Sun Qihao , Long Houtao , Zhang Daofeng , Zheng Junhao , Zhang Haiyang
Published: November 2024

Background

Urothelial carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system, with prognosis linked to pathological grade and TNM stage. Alterations in chromosomes 3, 7, and 17, along with the P16 locus on chromosome 9 (CSP3, CSP7, CSP17, and GLPp16), are associated with cancer progression and may serve as important biomarkers. This study aimed to explore the relationships between these chromosomal factors and the pathological grade and TNM stage of UCC, potentially leading to a novel diagnostic approach that enhances patient stratification and treatment planning.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 149 patients to evaluate the correlation between CSP3, CSP7, CSP17, GLPp16, TNM stage, and pathological grade using chi-square tests and logistic regression. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the associated changes.

Results

Univariate analysis indicated that only CSP7 and GLPp16 were significantly associated with pathological grade. Logistic regression linked GLPp16 and gender to pathological grade in urothelial carcinoma. A nomogram model incorporating these factors demonstrated reliable calibration in the training set (non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P = 0.436; AUC = 0.785, 95% CI: 0.707 - 0.863) and effective discrimination in the test set (AUC = 0.740, 95% CI: 0.559 - 0.920). Immunohistochemistry revealed P16 gene deletion in low-grade urothelial carcinoma and amplification in high-grade urothelial carcinoma.

Conclusion

Mutations at the GLPp16 were significantly correlated with the pathological grade of urothelial carcinoma. Additionally, the amplification of GLPp16 was recognized as a contributing factor to the development of high-grade urothelial carcinoma.
The chain-mediating effects of negative physical sensation and experiential avoidance on exercise anxiety in college students
Authors: Wang Yi , Tian Jing , Yang Qingxuan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The present study aimed to explore the potential mediating role of negative physical sensation and experiential avoidance in the association between endurance exercise and exercise anxiety among university students.

Method

In this study, a questionnaire method was employed to conduct the Adolescent Athlete Non-Intellectual Factors Survey Scale on 1,200 college students. From this sample, 287 individuals with exercise anxiety were identified through an endurance exercise test and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) subsequently administered as well as The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Subsequently, statistical analyses including correlation, regression, and mediation were performed using SPSS26 as the analytical tool. Additionally, the bias-corrected nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method was used to test for the mediating effects and estimate the confidence intervals with 5,000 iterations, and the confidence interval (CI) was set at 95%. Finally, in AMOS24, a mediating construct was established by incorporating exercise anxiety as the dependent variable, endurance exercise behavior as the independent variable, and negative physical sensations and experiential avoidance as the mediating variables (R = 0.619, R2 = 0.384). A path analytic procedure was employed to test the hypotheses while percentile bootstrap analysis was conducted to examine the indirect effects.

Results

The results show that endurance exercise negatively predicts negative physical sensations (β = −0.48, p < 0.001), negative physical sensation positively predicts experiential avoidance (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) and exercise anxiety (β = 0.40, p < 0.001), and experiential avoidance positively predicts exercise anxiety (β = 0.26, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

There were significant correlations among endurance exercise, negative physical sensation, experiential avoidance and exercise anxiety. Endurance exercise affects exercise anxiety through two ways: (1) endurance exercise → negative physical sensation → exercise anxiety; (2) endurance exercise → negative physical sensation → experiential avoidance → exercise anxiety. Negative physical sensations and experiential avoidance play mediating and chain-mediating roles between endurance exercise and exercise anxiety.
Effects of Propeller Distribution on the Aeroelastic Characteristics of Large-Deformation Wings
Authors: Wu Xuan , Zhou Zhou , Wang Zhengping
Published: November 2024

Considering the large-deformation and multi-propeller characteristics of very flexible aircraft, propeller effects are introduced and accessed in the wing static and dynamic aeroelastic analysis and different propeller distributions are utilized to obtain more aeroelastic benefits. The propeller–wing aeroelastic interactions are innovatively modeled in the paper. For propeller–wing aerodynamic interaction, propeller-induced velocities are considered and added in the nonplanar steady and unsteady vortex lattice methods. For propeller–wing structural interaction, the conversion of loads and displacements between attached propellers and the large-deformation wing is derived. Static aeroelastic cases indicate that thrust can reduce structural deformation and slipstream can cause considerable lift increment. Dynamic cases indicate that thrust can reduce the wing’s maximum response to gust and bring an improvement of 9.4% in the wing’s critical velocity, while slipstream can reduce the gust response amplitude. In addition, using smaller and more propellers is recommended instead of an individual larger propeller. Decreasing and increasing propeller speeds toward the wingtip is more beneficial for cruise status and gust alleviation, respectively.
Feature Coding and Graph via Transformer: Different Granularities Classification for Aircraft
Authors: Rao Jianghao , Qin Senlin , An Zongyan , Zhang Jianlin , Bao Qiliang , Peng Zhenming
Published: November 2024

Against the background of the sky, imaging and perception of aircraft are crucial for various vision applications. Thanks to the ever-evolving nature of the convolutional neural network (CNN), it has become easier to distinguish and recognize different types of aircraft. Nevertheless, accurate classification for sub-categories of aircraft still poses great challenges. On one hand, fine-grained recognition focuses on exploring and studying such problems. On the other hand, aircraft under different sub-categories and granularities put forward higher requirements for feature representation to classify, which led us to rethink the in-depth application of features. We noticed that information in the swin-transformer effectively represents the features in neural network layers, fully showcasing encoding and indexing for information. Through further research based on this, we proposed a better understanding of encoding and reuse for features, and innovatively performed feature coding graphically for classification. In this paper, our approach shows the effects on aircraft feature representation and classification, manifested from the flexible recognition effect at different aircraft category granularities, and outperforms other famous fine-grained classification models on this vision task. Not only did the approach we proposed demonstrate adaptability to aircraft at different classification granularities, but it also revealed the mechanisms and characteristics of feature encoding under different sample space partitions for classification. The relationship between the oriented representation of aircraft features and various classification granularities, which is manifested through different classification criteria, shows that feature coding and graph construction via the transformer opens a new door for specific defined classification tasks where objects are divided under various partition criteria, and provides another perspective on calculation and feature extraction in fine-grained classification.
Enhancing Data Security Through VLSM Subnetting and TCP/IP Model in an ENT
Authors: Okoh Caxton , Theophilus Waba Nasali , Dawkins Paul , Paheerathan Sebamalai
Published: November 2024

Data in-transit from an at-rest state can be securely transmitted and managed within a network. Background: This work covers the design and simulation of an Enhanced Network Topology (ENT) with multiple components that connects multiple locations of an imaginary organisation structure. The components of the network locations are mix-vendor components. The focus is on how classless IP address allocation, routing protocols, hierarchical network topology, and the updated Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model are put together to enhance performance and security. The simulation is performed using Cisco Packet Tracer where the packet transfer and connections within the network are examined. Methods: The Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) approach is applied to a network design to secure data and information. We provided and detailed the implementation of subnetting, routing protocols, the updated TCP/IP model, and simulation within Cisco Packet Tracer. Our paper demonstrates the applicability of a single IP address range (0-255) where only the fourth octet changes to serve to secure information across networks through creating subnets. Results: The results of the simulation are further analysed; the security protocols are summarised. Conclusions: Our work has potential to be applied to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) networks, Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud networks; a useful resource for academia and industry professionals.
The Effect of a Community-Based Complementary Feeding Education Program on the Nutritional Status of Infants in Polokwane Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Makwela Maishahataba Solomon , Mushaphi Lindelani Fhumudzani , Makhado Lufuno
Published: November 2024

Background: Appropriate complimentary feeding (CF) has the potential to improve growth and development in infants from 6 months to 2 years of age. This study’s aim was to assess the effect of a CF education program on the nutritional status of infants aged 3–12 months in the Polokwane Municipality. Methods: A longitudinal (non-randomized), quasi-experimental intervention study was conducted among 187 caregivers. The caregiver-infant pairs (CIPs) in the intervention group (n = 95) received CF education and a six-month telephone follow-up support. The CIPs in the control group (n = 94) received no intervention. We collected data at baseline and end line using structured questionnaires. Intervention effectiveness was evaluated by comparing mean changes in anthropometric measurements between intervention and control groups using difference-in-difference analysis. Per protocol, analysis was run. Results: The results show that the children in the intervention group gained more weight after the intervention, were taller, and the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) increased more than in the control group. At baseline, the weight of infants was 7.37 ± 0.83 and 6.69 ± 0.13 kg in the intervention and control. At end line, significant weight and length gain were observed in the intervention group (difference-in-difference (DID) = 1.82 kg, p < 0.001) and (DID = 7.78 cm, p < 0.01), respectively. The intervention group showed significant gain in MUAC of 1.68 cm (p = 0.047), with no noticeable effect on the head circumference at end line; DID (0.16 cm; p = 0.950). Conclusions: Community-based nutrition intervention programs can effectively improve the anthropometric nutritional status of children aged 3–12 months.
Assessment of Facial Asymmetry in Slovak Patients with Positional Deformity
Authors: Matejáková Lenka , Horn František , Slaná Petra , Plž Andrej , Zarinshad Maryam , Štefánková Eva
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Positional deformity (PD), also known as deformational plagiocephaly or non-synostosis, is a primary cause of abnormal head shape and asymmetry in infants. The most common type, occipital plagiocephaly, leads to flattening of one side of the back of the head or the entire head (positional brachycephaly). PD results from external forces on the growing skull, often due to childbirth and improper positioning during sleep. The incidence is approximately 1 in 300 births, with prevalence peaking between the seventh week and four months of age. Our objective was to monitor craniofacial parameters in patients with positional deformity (PD), to evaluate cranial asymmetry and PD severity, and to determine the relationship between craniofacial asymmetry and PD severity. Methods: This study included patients from the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery at the National Institute of Children’s Diseases and the Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. Craniofacial parameters on the right and left sides of the face were examined. Results: Significant differences were found in the upper and middle thirds of the face, indicating a strong association between positional deformity and facial asymmetry. Conclusions: the findings contribute new insights into craniofacial anthropometry and neurosurgery, enhancing the diagnosis of positional deformity in Slovakian patients.
Enhancing Effective Scanning Techniques for Digital Impression in Neonates with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Laboratory Study Investigating the Impact of Different Scanners, Scanning Tip Sizes, and Strategies
Authors: Unnikrishnan Jyotsna , Bakr Mahmoud , Love Robert , Idris Ghassan
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Digital impressions are increasingly used to manage Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), potentially offering advantages over traditional methods. This laboratory investigation sought to evaluate the impact of scanning tip sizes, different scanners, and scanning strategies on intraoral scanning in neonates with CL/P. Methods: Ten soft acrylic models were used to simulate the oral anatomy of neonates with CL/P, evaluating parameters such as the ability of different scanning tips to capture alveolar cleft depth, scanning time, number of scan stops, and scan quality. The study utilised various scanning tips, including the Carestream normal tip, Carestream side tip, and Trios 4 scanner tip to assess the alveolar cleft depth measurements. The Trios 4, Carestream, and iTero scanners were evaluated for the time taken, number of scan stops during cleft-unobstructed scanning and cleft-obstructed scanning. The quality of all scanned images was analysed. Results: The findings showed comparable accuracy in capturing alveolar cleft depth with the three-scanning tip (p > 0.05). Scanning time and the number of scan stops did not significantly differ across the three scanners and various scanning strategies employed (p > 0.05). However, scanning with the cleft obstructed required less time and resulted in fewer scan stops compared to cleft -unobstructed scanning. Despite these results, all scanners failed to record the deepest part of the alveolar cleft, highlighting a limitation in current scanning technology for neonates with CL/P. Conclusions: The study recommends enhancing intraoral scanning in this population by adjusting tip size, improving clinician training, optimizing protocols, and conducting further research to improve techniques.
A Step Toward Green Sustainability: Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Nexus in Light of the Forestry Trade
Authors: Pan Weiyi , Han Haibin , Ullah Sana
Published: November 2024

The question of how environmental degradation is linked with economic advancement is essential, particularly as climate change intensifies. The emerging literature tests this question in the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework using macroeconomic variables; however, it often overlooks the EKC in the context of the forest products trade. The present study examines the presence of the EKC globally by investigating the impact of forest products trade on CO2 emissions from 1996 to 2022. For this purpose, this study employs the dynamic common correlated effects (DCCE) and augmented mean group (AMG) methods. The results confirm the presence of an inverted U-shaped EKC. The results show that the trade in forest products enhances the level of CO2. However, renewable energy and political stability help to reduce the level of CO2 emissions. The findings suggest that policymakers should consider sustainable green practices in forest productivity and green growth, which are essential for achieving long-term environmental goals.
Hydrogen Bonds, Halogen Bonds, and Other Non-Covalent Interactions in a Series of Iodocymantrenes [Mn(C5InH5−n)(CO)2L], L = CO, PPh3, and n = 1–5
Authors: Klein-Heßling Christian , Sünkel Karlheinz
Published: November 2024

In this study, the molecular and crystal structures of iodocymantrenes [Mn(C5InH5−n)(CO)2(PPh3)] (1b n = 1; 2, n = 2; 3, n = 3) are reported and compared with the known structures of [Mn(C5InH5−n)(CO)3] (1a, n = 1; 5, n = 5) and [Mn(C5I4H)(CO)2(PPh3)] (4). In the crystals, many weak interactions like H bonds (H…O, H…I, H…π), halogen bonds (I…I, I…O, I…C, I…π), and π-π contacts are found. Hirshfeld analyses show that H bonding is far more important when the PPh3 ligand is present, and this is mainly based on dispersive interactions. However, without the PPh3 ligand, H…I and other I…X contacts are the most frequently observed intermolecular interactions.
Luminescent Materials with Advanced Properties and Applications
Authors: Chen Binbin
Published: November 2024

Luminescent materials have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional properties, which have been widely used in various fields such as sensing [...]
Fermatean Vague Soft Set and Its Application in Decision Making
Authors: Al-shboul Abedallah , Alhazaymeh Khaleed , Wang Kah Lun , Wong Kok Bin
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we introduce the concept of Fermatean vague soft set and its operations, which are union, intersection, complement, subset, AND, and OR. An application of Fermatean vague soft set in decision-making according to the degree of preference is demonstrated. Fermatean vague soft set is profound, as it bridges gaps in traditional vague and soft set theories. By offering enhanced precision and flexibility, the Fermatean vague soft set provides decision-makers with a powerful tool to tackle challenges in fields like artificial intelligence, operational research, and engineering design, ultimately driving more accurate and reliable outcomes
Extended Symmetry of Higher Painlevé Equations of Even Periodicity and Their Rational Solutions
Authors: Aratyn Henrik , Gomes José Francisco , Lobo Gabriel Vieira , Zimerman Abraham Hirsz
Published: November 2024

The structure of the extended affine Weyl symmetry group of higher Painlevé equations of N periodicity depends on whether N is even or odd. We find that for even N, the symmetry group A^N−1(1) contains the conventional Bäcklund transformations sj,j=1,…,N, the group of automorphisms consisting of cycling permutations but also reflections on a periodic circle of N points, which is a novel feature uncovered in this paper. The presence of reflection automorphisms is connected to the existence of degenerated solutions, and for N=4, we explicitly show how even reflection automorphisms cause degeneracy of a class of rational solutions obtained on the orbit of the translation operators of A^3(1). We obtain the closed expressions for the solutions and their degenerated counterparts in terms of the determinants of the Kummer polynomials.
Inference with Non-Homogeneous Lognormal Diffusion Processes Conditioned on Nearest Neighbor
Authors: García-Burgos Ana , Paraggio Paola , Romero-Molina Desirée , Rico-Castro Nuria
Published: November 2024

In this work, we approach the forecast problem for a general non-homogeneous diffusion process over time with a different perspective from the classical one. We study the main characteristic functions as mean, mode, and α-quantiles conditioned on a future time, not conditioned on the past (as is normally the case), and we observe the specific formula in some interesting particular cases, such as Gompertz, logistic, or Bertalanffy diffusion processes, among others. This study aims to enhance classical inference methods when we need to impute data based on available information, past or future. We develop a simulation and obtain a dataset that is closer to reality, where there is no regularity in the number or timing of observations, to extend the traditional inference method. For such data, we propose using characteristic functions conditioned on the past or the future, depending on the closest point at which we aim to perform the imputation. The proposed inference procedure greatly reduces imputation errors in the simulated dataset.
Correlation of the FIB-4 Liver Biomarker Score with the Severity of Heart Failure
Authors: Buzas Roxana , Ciubotaru Paul , Faur Alexandra Corina , Preda Marius , Ardelean Melania , Georgescu Doina , Dumitrescu Patrick , Lighezan Daniel Florin , Popa Mihaela-Diana
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Heart failure is associated with high morbidity and mortality and linked with several pre-existing health conditions and risk factors. Early detection and prompt management in heart failure improves patient outcomes. Liver involvement is associated with heart failure disease progression, and hence liver biomarkers and liver fibrosis may have a prognostic impact. Several blood test based markers and scoring systems estimate liver fibrosis and hence can be useful prognostic tools. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a series of 303 patients with decompensated heart failure in a city in western Romania over a period of 6 months. Several biochemical parameters were measured, the FIB-4 score was estimated and echocardiography was performed. Results for targeted variables are presented using descriptive statistics. Patients were analyzed based on their LVEF categories. Statistical analysis was based on ANOVA one-way tests for continuous variables and Chi-square tests for categorical variables. Pairwise comparisons were performed based on Bonferroni adjusted significance tests. The correlations between FIB-4 score, LVEF and NT-pro BNP in patients with and without diabetes and hypertension were explored using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Result: Age, gender, NYHA class, death, history of (h/o) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), h/o coronary artery disease (CAD), h/o arrhythmias, sodium, potassium, creatinine, eGFR, uric acid, NT-pro BNP, left atrial volume, LDL, HDL, and TG were analyzed by LVEF categories using ANOVA one-way tests, Chi-square tests, and Bonferroni correction comparisons. We found a strong statistically significant correlation between each of NT-pro BNP, left atrial volume, LDL, and HDL with the LVEF categories. Discussion: Early detection of cardiac dysfunction leads to better management in patients with cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes and hypertension. High LDL and low HDL levels contribute to a reduction in left ventricular (LV) function. Available literature suggests the FIB-4 score as superior to other non-invasive markers of fibrosis. It utilizes the patient’s age, platelet count, AST, and ALT, which can be available retrospectively, making it an easy and inexpensive tool. FIB-4 score has a few limitations. Conclusions: Our study has shown a statistically significant positive correlation between severity categories of LVEF and FIB-4 score for heart failure patients with and without diabetes, and for heart failure patients with or without hypertension. We propose the implementation of FIB-4 score as a prognostic tool for heart failure.
Investigation of the Binary Nitrides YN, LaN and LuN by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Steinadler Jennifer , Krach Georg , Schnick Wolfgang , Bräuniger Thomas
Published: November 2024

Based on their various and outstanding properties, binary nitrides are used as (synthesis) materials in industry and research. Hence, their comprehensive characterization by analytical methods is of particular interest. Since Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is very sensitive to the symmetry of the electronic density distribution, it is a suitable tool for the investigation of rock-salt structure types and, especially, for those with known stoichiometry issues. Here, we report on magic-angle spinning NMR spectra of the nuclides 89Y (I=12), 139La (I=72) and 14N (I=1) in polycrystalline samples of YN, LaN and LuN. Due to the high symmetry of their crystal structures, the spectra of all nuclides do not exhibit anisotropic effects of significant magnitude. The resulting isotropic chemical shift values are δiso(89Y) = 516 ppm for YN, δiso(139La) =1294 ppm for LaN, and δiso(14N) = 457 ppm (YN), 788 ppm (LaN) and 384 ppm (LuN). The newly determined δiso(14N) values for these three binary nitrides fit well into the previously reported linear correlation between nitrogen distance to the nearest cation and isotropic chemical shift, leading to a better correlation coefficient and reduced error margins for the fit parameters.
Increased Antioxidant Performance of Lignin by Biodegradation Obtained from an Extract of the Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii
Authors: Petraglia Tania , Latronico Tiziana , Pepe Antonietta , Crescenzi Aniello , Liuzzi Grazia Maria , Rossano Rocco
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the products derived from the biodegradation of lignin by the ligninolytic enzymes present in an aqueous extract of the mushroom P. eryngii. A mixture obtained after the incubation of lignin for 18 h with P. eryngii extract was tested in vitro for its total polyphenol content, reducing power, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (OH) radical-scavenging activities. The results showed that the enzymatic treatment of lignin enhanced its antioxidant performance. The biocompatibility of the products of lignin biodegradation and their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also tested on the astrocytic cell line DI-TNC1. The results obtained indicated that a lignin mixture incubated for 18 h does not affect cell viability or inhibit the H2O2-induced ROS production. These results suggest that the enzymatic degradation of lignin represents an efficient and ecofriendly approach to obtain lignin derivatives potentially useful for antioxidant applications.