bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Electronic Skin for Conformal Tactile Sensing
Authors: Li Sen , Huang Jiantao , Wang Meilan , Deng Ka , Guo Chenhui , Li Bin , Cheng Yu , Sun Hongyan , Ye Hong , Pan Tingrui , Chang Yu
Published: September 2023

The conformal integration of the electronic skin on the non‐developable surface is in great demand for the comprehensive tactile sensing of robotics and prosthetics. However, the current techniques still encounter obstacles in achieving conformal integration of film‐like electronic skin on non‐developable surfaces with substantial curvatures for contact pressure detection and tactile mapping. In this paper, by utilizing the 3D printing technology to prepare the 3D electrode array in the structural component following its surface curvature, and covering it with a molded functional shell to form the pressure sensitive iontronic interface, a device is proposed to achieve high‐sensitive pressure detection and high‐fidelity tactile mapping on a complicated non‐developable surface, called structural electronic skin (SES). The SES is prepared in a 3D printed fingertip with 46 tactile sensing units distributed on its curved surface, achieving the integration of both structural and tactile functions in a single component. By integrating the smart fingertip into a dexterous hand, a series of demonstrations are presented to show the dead‐zone free pressure detection and tactile mapping with high sensitivity, for instance, 2D pulse wave monitoring and robotic injection in a medical robot, object recognition and compliant control in a smart prosthesis.
Enhanced efficiency urea fertilizers and timing effects on N2O emissions from spring wheat production in Manitoba
Authors: Wood Matthew D. , Gao Xiaopeng , Tiessen Kevin H. D. , Tenuta Mario , Flaten Donald N.
Published: September 2023

Opportunities exist to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitrogen (N) fertilizers using enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) and managing application timing. This study examined (1) application timing (fall/spring) and (2) fertilizer N source on N2O emissions, yield, and N uptake of Canadian hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Southern Manitoba. Fertilizer N sources included granular urea and four EEF products: (1) polymer‐coated urea (environmentally smart nitrogen [ESN]); (2) urea plus nitrification inhibitor (eNtrench); (3) urea plus urease inhibitor (Limus); and (4) urea plus nitrification and urease inhibitor (SuperU). Nitrification‐inhibited products most consistently reduced N2O emissions while maintaining productivity. Compared to urea alone, urea + eNtrench was most effective in reducing cumulative N2O emissions by 47%–64% at four of six site‐years. SuperU reduced N2O emissions by 37%–57% at three of six site‐years. ESN and urea + Limus did not affect emissions in most years. Wheat yield, protein, and N uptake were unaffected by N source in five of six site‐years. Compared to spring, fall application gave greater N2O emissions by 33%–67% at three of six site‐years due to spring‐thaw emissions. Fall was inferior to spring application in wetter site years with lower yield, protein, and N uptake. Overall, nitrification‐inhibited products—either alone or with a urease inhibitor—are a promising tool to reduce N2O emissions while maintaining wheat productivity in Manitoba. However, given that there were few consistent increases in yield or protein, the additional cost of the inhibitors will be a barrier to adoption.
Grazing cover crops: How does it influence soils and crops?
Authors: Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Wilke Karla , Holman Johnathon , Creech Cody F. , Obour Augustine K. , Anderson Lindsey
Published: September 2023

Grazing cover crops (CCs) can potentially generate economic benefits, but how this practice affects soils and crop production compared with non‐grazed CCs is not well understood. We reviewed all published literature up to June 30, 2023, on grazing CCs to evaluate how this practice impacts soils and crop production and discuss potential factors that may influence grazing CC effects. The emerging literature indicates that 18%–92% of CC biomass was removed when grazed. Grazing CCs increased soil bulk density and penetration resistance (compaction indicators) in 54% of cases (six of 11 studies). However, the increase in soil compaction as measured by penetration resistance generally remained below the root‐growth threshold level (<2 MPa). Grazing CCs had small and mixed effects on soil C concentration, wet aggregate stability, water infiltration, water retention, and soil microbial biomass. In addition, grazing did not affect subsequent crop yields in 61% of cases (eight of 13 studies) or had variable effects. Grazing at high stocking rates or when soils are wet can result in soil compaction and potentially reduce subsequent crop yields. Additional long‐term (>5 years) data are needed to better discern CC grazing implications for different climates, stocking rates, soil types, CC grazing infrastructure, and CC management practices. Particularly, data on CC grazing from water‐limited regions (i.e., semi‐arid regions) are scant. Success with CCs in water‐limited regions depends on timely precipitation input unless irrigated. Overall, grazing of CCs under proper management has small or no effects on soils and crop yields.
Volunteer rapeseed infestation and management in corn
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Singh Vijay , Flessner Michael , Reiter Mark S. , Kuhar Thomas , Mirsky Steven
Published: September 2023

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different termination timings for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cover crop on biomass production, termination efficiency, and volunteer infestation in the successive cash crop (corn, Zea mays), and control of volunteer rapeseed with herbicides. Delaying termination from 28 days before planting corn (DBP) to 14, 5, or 1 DBP, increased rapeseed biomass by 85%, 148%, and 158%, respectively. Rapeseed termination efficiency was greatest 28 DBP (99%) followed by 14 DBP (92%) and 5 DBP (89%) with the combined use of a roller‐crimper and 2,4‐D [2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid] + glufosinate [2‐amino‐4‐(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid]. The sole use of roller‐crimper 1 DBP provided only 56% termination efficiency. Zero volunteer plants were observed in successive cash crops with the 28 DBP termination treatment; however, at 14, 5, and 1 DBP termination, the number of volunteer rapeseed plants m−2 were 5, 12, and 22, respectively. Regression analysis showed that variation in volunteer rapeseed density can be explained better by termination efficiency (R2 = 0.80) as compared to rapeseed biomass at termination (R2 = 0.46). Among pre‐emergence (PRE) herbicides, mesotrione [2‐(4‐mesyl‐2‐nitrobenzoyl)‐3‐hydroxycylohex‐2‐enone], rimsulfuron [N‐[[(4,6‐dimethoxy‐2‐pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]‐3‐(ethylsulfonyl)‐2‐pyridinesulfonamide], and flumioxazin {2‐[7‐fluoro‐3,4‐dihydro‐3‐oxo‐4‐(2‐propynyl)‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐6‐yl]‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐isoindole‐1,3(2H)‐dione} provided more than 95% volunteer rapeseed control, and 92%–94% control with PRE‐application of atrazine [6‐chloro‐N‐ethyl‐N9‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine], isoxaflutole [(5‐cyclopropyl‐4‐isoxazolyl)[2‐(methylsulfonyl)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐phenyl]methanone], metribuzin [4‐amino‐6‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐3‐(methylthio)‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(4H)‐one], and pyroxasulfone [3‐[[[5‐(difluoromethoxy)‐1‐methyl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]methyl]sulfonyl]‐4,5‐dihydro‐5,5‐dimethylisoxazole]. Among post‐emergence (POST) herbicides, atrazine and glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine] provided 99% control of rapeseed followed by glufosinate (89%). Results indicate that ineffective or delayed termination of rapeseed can result in volunteer infestation in successive crops, which can be controlled by tested PRE and POST herbicides at an early stage.
Genetic variation of tea plant in Ningde and its adjacent regions revealed by single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping
Authors: Zhu Yanyu , Fan Xiaojing , Yu Wentao , Liu Caiguo , Wang Pan , Wei Mingxiu , Lu Mingji , Lv Shuiyuan , Cai Chunping , Ye Naixing
Published: September 2023

Ningde (ND), situated in China's prominent tea‐producing region, is recognized as the origin of white tea. It also boasts a wealth of premium tea germplasm resources, which are of vital importance in tea breeding programs. In this investigation, utilizing nanofluidic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping technology, the genetic diversity and population structure of tea germplasms sourced from ND and its surrounding regions were scrutinized. A comprehensive collection of 101 tea plant germplasm accessions sourced from ND and its neighboring regions was acquired. Our analysis identified 75 stable and reliable SNP loci that demonstrated the rich genetic diversity of the ND tea germplasms, with an average observed heterozygosity of 0.411 and an expected heterozygosity of 0.382. Notably, the multiple analyses based on high‐quality SNPs revealed that the wild‐type landraces of tea plants in ND are genetically distinct from the cultivars. The analysis of molecular variance results suggested that intrapopulation variation contributed to 79% of the total genetic variation. Moreover, tea plant germplasms in ND interacted with the genetic material of landraces in Nanping and Lishui. Overall, our study provides essential insights into the genetic diversity, relationship, and conservation of ND tea germplasms and lays a molecular basis for innovative utilization and breeding improvement of tea plant germplasms.
Bipolar membrane electrodialysis: A promising paradigm for caustic soda production
Authors: Wang Huangying , Wang Yang , Yan Junying , Fu Rong , Wang Baoying , Jiang Chenxiao , Wang Yaoming , Xu Tongwen
Published: September 2023

Currently, a supply‐demand imbalance between NaOH and Cl2 in the chlor‐alkali process places a great burden on the environment. Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is a competitive technology to produce acid and base due to its water splitting characteristics. To determine the competitiveness of NaOH production between BMED and the chlor‐alkali method, BMED was evaluated at various current densities with different NaCl concentrations. Results show that NaOH energy consumption in BMED is less than that of the chlor‐alkali method at a moderate salt concentration (<9 wt.%). Interestingly, the stack voltage suddenly increases during the later stage of BMED. It is speculated that the high osmotic pressure surrounding bipolar membranes restrains water transport into the interfacial layer. In addition, economic assessment indicates that BMED has less impact on global warming than the chlor‐alkali process. Overall, the BMED technique is a promising paradigm for base production in an economical and sustainable manner.
‘This Train Still Runs’: The Railway Case that Defines Arbitration Legislation and Practice
Authors: Samuel Adam
Published: September 2023

Anyone seeking to understand 21st century arbitration law has to master the story of the most pathological case of the previous century: Société Européenne d'Etudes et d'Entreprises c/ République socialiste fédérale de Yougoslavie, usually known as SEEE v. Yugoslavia.
Sex differences in risk factors, burden, and outcomes of cerebrovascular disease in Alzheimer's disease populations
Authors: Morrison Cassandra , Dadar Mahsa , Collins Donald Louis ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with cognitive decline and progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. It remains unclear if sex differences influence WMH progression or the relationship between WMH and cognition.

METHODS

Linear mixed models examined the relationship between risk factors, WMHs, and cognition in males and females.

RESULTS

Males exhibited increased WMH progression in occipital, but lower progression in frontal, total, and deep than females. For males, history of hypertension was the strongest contributor, while in females, the vascular composite was the strongest contributor to WMH burden. WMH burden was more strongly associated with decreases in global cognition, executive functioning, memory, and functional activities in females than males.

DISCUSSION

Controlling vascular risk factors may reduce WMH in both males and females. For males, targeting hypertension may be most important to reduce WMHs. The results have implications for therapies/interventions targeting cerebrovascular pathology and subsequent cognitive decline.

Highlights

Hypertension is the main vascular risk factor associated with WMH in males

A combination of vascular risk factors contributes to WMH burden in females

Only small WMH burden differences were observed between sexes

Females’ cognition was more negatively impacted by WMH burden than males

Females with WMHs may have less resilience to future pathology
Understanding the Role of Fluorine Groups in Passivating Defects for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqing , Yang Guangyue , Zhang Bingqian , Wang Linqin , Yin Yanfeng , Zhang Fengshan , Yu Shitao , Liu Shiwei , Bu Hongkai , Zhou Zhongmin , Sun Licheng , Pang Shuping , Guo Xin
Published: September 2023

Introducing fluorine (F) groups into a passivator plays an important role in enhancing the defect passivation effect for the perovskite film, which is usually attributed to the direct interaction of F and defect states. However, the interaction between electronegative F and electron‐rich passivation groups in the same molecule, which may influence the passivation effect, is ignored. We herein report that such interactions can vary the electron cloud distribution around the passivation groups and thus changing their coordination with defect sites. By comparing two fluorinated molecules, heptafluorobutylamine (HFBM) and heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA), we find that the F/−NH2 interaction in HFBM is stronger than the F/−COOH one in HFBA, inducing weaker passivation ability of HFBM than HFBA. Accordingly, HFBA‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) provide an efficiency of 24.70 % with excellent long‐term stability. Moreover, the efficiency of a large‐area perovskite module (14.0 cm2) based on HFBA reaches 21.13 %. Our work offers an insight into understanding an unaware role of the F group in impacting the passivation effect for the perovskite film.
Gallium Sulfide Quantum Dots with Zinc Sulfide and Alumina Shells Showing Efficient Deep Blue Emission
Authors: Saha Avijit , Yadav Ranjana , Aldakov Dmitry , Reiss Peter
Published: September 2023

Solution‐processed quantum dot (QD) based blue emitters are of paramount importance in the field of optoelectronics. Despite large research efforts, examples of efficient deep blue/near UV‐emitting QDs remain rare due to lack of luminescent wide band gap materials and high defect densities in the existing ones. Here, we introduce a novel type of QDs based on heavy metal free gallium sulfide (Ga2S3) and their core/shell heterostructures Ga2S3/ZnS as well as Ga2S3/ZnS/Al2O3. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of core Ga2S3 QDs exhibit various decay pathways due to intrinsic defects, resulting in a broad overall PL spectrum. We show that the overgrowth of the Ga2S3 core QDs with a ZnS shell results in the suppression of the intrinsic defect‐mediated states leading to efficient deep‐blue emission at 400 nm. Passivation of the core/shell structure with amorphous alumina yields a further enhancement of the PL quantum yield approaching 50 % and leads to an excellent optical and colloidal stability. Finally, we develop a strategy for the aqueous phase transfer of the obtained QDs retaining 80 % of the initial fluorescence intensity.
Production of alginate‐based emulsion microgel particles to encapsulate soybean oil emulsions stabilized by whey protein aggregates using an air‐atomization system
Authors: Niizawa Ignacio , Sihufe Guillermo A. , Zorrilla Susana E.
Published: September 2023

Encapsulation is a popular approach used to incorporate lipophilic bioactive molecules in food matrices. In the present work, soybean oil emulsions with different oil volume fractions (ϕ = 0.17 and ϕ = 0.26) stabilized by whey protein aggregates (WPAg), were mixed with sodium alginate (SA) suspensions and atomized over a calcium gelling bath using an airbrush atomization system to obtain emulsion microgel particles (EMP). Rheological measurements of the mixtures of microgel‐stabilized emulsions and SA suspensions showed a significant increase in viscosity when the oil volume fraction was increased. The analysis of the flow curves showed that viscosity decreased with the increase of shear rate for both systems indicating shear thinning behavior. No difference in the size distribution curves of EMP obtained with different oil fractions was observed. The average and span values were 509 ± 56 μm, 1.14 ± 0.08 (ϕ = 0.17), and 527 ± 51 μm, 1.19 ± 0.06 (ϕ = 0.26). The encapsulation efficiency in both cases was acceptable (89 ± 5% for ϕ = 0.17 and 74 ± 8% for ϕ = 0.26), and none of the microparticles showed oil release after 2 months of storage. Results showed that the airbrush atomization system to obtain alginate‐based EMP is simple, low‐cost, and does not require heating, making it appropriate for the effective encapsulation of labile lipophilic compounds in the food industry.
Discovery of a Novel Missense Variant in NLRP3 Causing Atypical Cryopyrin‐Associated Periodic Syndromes With Hearing Loss as the Primary Presentation, Responsive to Anti–Interleukin‐1 Therapy
Authors: Birk‐Bachar Merav , Cohen Hadar , Sofrin‐Drucker Efrat , Kropach‐Gilad Nesia , Orenstein Naama , Lidzbarsky Gabriel , Kornreich Liora , Tal Rotem , Amarilyo Gil , Levinsky Yoel , Sokolov Meirav , Raveh Eyal , Gerlic Motti , Harel Liora
Published: September 2023

Objective

Cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), also known as NLRP3‐associated autoinflammatory diseases, are a spectrum of rare autoinflammatory diseases caused by gain‐of‐function variants in the NLRP3 gene, resulting in inflammasome hyperactivation and dysregulated release of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Many patients with CAPS develop progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) because of cochlear autoinflammation, which may be the sole manifestation in rare cases. This study was undertaken to establish the suspected diagnosis of CAPS in a family presenting with autosomal‐dominant progressive/acute SNHL and a novel missense variant in the NLRP3 gene of unknown significance (NM_001079821.3:c.1784G>A p.Ser595Asn).

Methods

We conducted an ex vivo functional assessment of the NLRP3 inflammasome in heterozygous individuals (n = 10) and healthy family members (n = 5).

Results

The assay revealed hyperactivation of the inflammasome among heterozygous individuals, supporting the hypothesis that this missense variant is a pathogenic gain‐of‐function variant. Administration of IL‐1 receptor antagonist resulted in a substantial clinical improvement among pediatric patients, who exhibited near resolution of hearing impairment within 1 to 3 months of treatment.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the crucial role of early diagnosis and treatment with an anti–IL‐1 agent in reversing cochlear damage. Furthermore, our results suggest that high‐ and ultrahigh‐frequency ranges need to be included in the auditory assessment to enable early detection of subclinical SNHL. Finally, incorporating functional inflammasome assessment as part of the clinical evaluation could establish the diagnosis in inconclusive cases.

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Nitrogen Atom Induced Contrast Effect on the Mechanofluorochromic Characteristics of Anthracene‐Based Acceptor‐Donor‐Acceptor Fluorescent Molecules
Authors: Yu Hao , Tian Peiyuan , Han Ningxu , Li Meng , Wang Ming
Published: September 2023

The mechanofluorochromic (MFC) characteristics of anthracene‐based acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A−D−A) fluorescent molecules are explored through a comprehensive investigation of their photophysical behaviors. Six 9,10‐diheteroarylanthracene derivatives with varying acceptor groups (pyridin‐4‐yl, pyridin‐3‐yl, pyridin‐2‐yl, pyrimidin‐5‐yl, pyrazinyl and quinoxalinyl) are synthesized and systematically characterized. The photophysical properties in both solution and solid‐state are examined, revealing subtle yet significant influences of the spatial arrangement and number of nitrogen atoms within the acceptor group on fluorescence emission. Single‐crystal structures of these compounds provide insights into their steric configurations and intermolecular packing modes, offering valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms that underlie the observed MFC properties. This study illuminates the intricate interplay between MFC properties and the refined molecular structure, thus presenting promising avenues for the design and advancement of novel MFC materials.
The anti‐inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage
Authors: Guan Yajin , Chen Qianqing , Xu Jiahuan , Chen Boyu , Ou Baofang , Liu Tianping , Xie Shuilin , Bie Yanan
Published: September 2023

There are few effective treatment options for diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage (DPH). We aimed to elucidate the therapeutic role and underlying mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSC‐EVs) in DPH. Therapeutic effects of MSCs/MSC‐EVs in pristane‐induced DPH mice were evaluated via pulmonary function testing and histopathology. Transcriptome sequencing analyzed differentially expressed genes in control, DPH, and MSC groups. The proportion of macrophage polarization was evaluated in vivo and in vitro via fluorescence‐activated cell sorting in control, DPH, MSC, MSC‐EV inhalation, and MSC‐EV intravenous groups. Intraperitoneal injection of pristane induced diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, early fibrosis, and inflammation in C57BL/6 mice. Monocytes were depleted in the peripheral blood in DPH mice and MSCs were recruited to the lungs, resulting in significantly attenuated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and suppressed immunological response. This was more effective in the hyperacute hemorrhage phase than the early inflammatory phase. An MSC treatment‐mediated anti‐inflammatory effect was observed in DPH mice. Furthermore, MSC‐EVs inhalation or tail‐vein injection could effectively reduce DPH injury. MSCs could suppress macrophage M1 polarization in DPH in vivo and in vitro. MSCs displayed significant therapeutic effects in pristane‐induced DPH, which may be a promising cell‐free therapeutic approach.
Resting parasympathetic activity is associated with malodor‐induced change in perceived foreignness of speakers
Authors: Faig Kelly E. , Necka Elizabeth A. , Smith Karen E. , Dimitroff Stephanie J. , Norman Greg J.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

To protect against infection, individuals have evolved context‐dependent pathogen‐avoidant strategies, including selective social behaviors aimed at avoiding foreign individuals who may possess greater risk of infection. Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity is associated with social engagement and regulation of the classical immune system but has not been widely investigated in relation to changes in intergroup perception and the behavioral immune system.

Method

The current research investigated the relationship between parasympathetic activity and perceived foreignness of in and outgroup speakers during exposure to a pathogen‐relevant odor (butyric acid). High‐frequency heart rate variability was measured at rest and while participants rated foreignness of speakers with and without the odor present.

Results

Findings show that exposure to the odor was associated with higher foreignness perceptions of outgroup speakers and lower foreignness perceptions of ingroup speakers. This effect was especially evident among individuals with higher resting parasympathetic activity.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the PNS may play a role in changes in social perceptions during a behavioral immune response.
Impact of proton pump inhibitors on the onset of gastrointestinal immune‐related adverse events during immunotherapy
Authors: Lasagna Angioletta , Mascaro Federica , Figini Simone , Basile Sara , Gambini Giulia , Klersy Catherine , Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Di Sabatino Antonio , Di Benedetto Alice , Calvi Monica , Bruno Raffaele , Sacchi Paolo , Pedrazzoli Paolo
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The gut microbiota (GM) can influence the pathogenesis of immune‐mediated adverse events (irAEs). Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can affect the integrity of GM, but their role in promoting irAEs is still poorly understood.

Methods

In this retrospective single‐center cohort study, the primary endpoint was the evaluation of the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) irAEs in cancer patients on PPIs (exposed) versus cancer patients who were not on PPIs (unexposed).

Results

Three hundred and sixty three patients' records (248 M/115F, median age 69) were reviewed. Twenty‐three exposed patients (92%) developed GI irAEs while only two unexposed patients (8%) developed GI irAEs (hazard ratio [HR] 13.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.11–56.10, p < 0.000). This HR was confirmed after weighting for the propensity score (HR15.13 95% CI 3.22–71.03, p < 0.000).

Conclusion

Chronic PPI use is associated with an increased risk of GI irAES.
Regional disparities in suicide among patients with cancer: A nationwide population‐based study in Japan
Authors: Kurisu Ken , Harashima Saki , Fujimori Maiko , Akechi Tatsuo , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro , Uchitomi Yosuke
Published: September 2023

Background

This study aimed to explore prefecture‐level differences in suicide risk among patients with cancer in Japan.

Methods

Data from the National Cancer Registry, which covers the entire Japanese population, were used. Patients diagnosed with cancer between 2016 and 2017 were included. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for suicide within 2 years after cancer diagnosis was quantified compared with the general population for each prefecture. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was conducted to quantify the adjusted relative risk using Hokkaido as the reference.

Results

The analysis included 2,133,502 patients. The SMRs were high among patients with cancer residing in certain prefectures, such as the Hokuriku region (the middle and western parts of Japan's main island). These areas also exhibited a significant relative risk in the Poisson regression model.

Conclusion

The results demonstrated that patients with cancer in certain prefectures in Japan have a high suicide risk.
Comparison of data from six psychotherapy research measures obtained through MTurk versus traditional clinics
Authors: Russell Kelley A. , Swift Joshua K. , Bingham Jacob
Published: September 2023

Objective

Although researchers have begun to use MTurk for psychotherapy‐related studies, little is known about the quality of psychotherapy research data that can be obtained through this platform. The fourfold purpose of this study was to (1) compare data collection times between clients recruited through MTurk and those recruited through traditional clinic sources, (2) test for differences in demographic and treatment use variables between these two samples, (3) examine whether psychotherapy research data gathered through these different strategies shows comparable properties and (4) test whether recruitment decisions within MTurk can impact the quality of the data obtained.

Method

Clients (828 recruited through MTurk and 62 recruited through outpatient clinics) completed an online survey that included treatment history questions and six measures that are frequently used in psychotherapy research.

Results

Highly similar demographics, treatment history and properties for the measures (i.e., means, standard deviations, internal consistency, factor structure and convergent validity) were found between the samples. For the most part, the quality of the MTurk data did not differ depending on the compensation amount or participant restrictions.

Conclusion

These results suggest that MTurk can be a quick, reliable and valid resource for participant recruitment when conducting some types of psychotherapy research.
Original synthesis of polyvinyl butyral with a green deep eutectic solvent and a weakly polyacrylic acid from polyvinyl alcohol and the impacts of the chains structures of polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Zhang Yumeng , Lv Xiaolu , Chen Hongjun , Zhang Ziyang , Li Fengtao , Zeng Zuoxiang , He Xuelian
Published: September 2023

In this work, an environmentally‐friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) was employed as a catalyst to generate polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resins from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a weakly acidic polymer (polyacrylic acid [PAA]) as an emulsifier. Finally, high viscosity PVB resins with molecular weight of 110,000–200,000 g · mol−1 and acetalization degree above 83% were successfully synthesized, which was found to satisfy the requirements for interlayer films between safety glass. Furthermore, it was well proved that the properties of PVB resins immensely depend on the molecular structures of the PVA. The molecular weight of the PVB, independent of alcoholic degrees of the PVA, indicated an upward trend with the increase of the molecular weight of the PVA. As for these four PVBs with high molecular weight, the Tg was sensitive to the content of hydroxyl and acetal groups rather than molecular weight, associated with the inter‐ or intra‐molecule hydrogen bond between OH. PVB‐1799 and PVB‐1797 had higher Ti and Tg than that of PVB‐1788 and PVB‐1795 because the former had low contents of vinyl acetate group (VAc) and alcohol hydroxyl group (VOH). The tensile strength of PVBs was all higher than 30 Mpa, and the elongation at break was about 300% due to their high molecular weights.
Who is CSR for in employer branding? Insights on employer branding strategies across industries, educational backgrounds and career styles
Authors: Buzzao Giacomo , Rizzi Francesco
Published: September 2023

Since recruiting high‐potential employees is essential to be innovative and sustainable, scholars and practitioners advocate using attributes of general interest for employer branding. Through two empirical studies, this research investigates to what extent employer branding strategies can rely only on sustainability‐related attributes to win the war for talent. Study 1 compares the effects of (corporate social responsibility) CSR and other sustainability‐related symbolic attributes (namely originality and resilience) on applicants across different educational backgrounds. The results reveal that the applicants' attitudes towards these attributes vary across their social identities, especially concerning the search for employer originality, which is a proxy of organisational innovativeness. Study 2 focuses on how personal identities shape the reactions to different career growth opportunities. The experiment on engineering graduates reveals that those applicants aiming to advance their career faster (boundaryless) find advancement opportunities based on self‐initiative more attractive than those based on organisational support, which further contrasts the belief that CSR‐related attributes are universally effective. Results contribute to the employer branding theory by demonstrating that applicants' social and personal identities determine the effectiveness of CSR and other, previously unexplored, symbolic and instrumental employer attributes. They also provide employers with directions for designing effective recruiting strategies across educational backgrounds and career preferences.
Multi‐Functional Organofluoride Catalysts for Polyesters Production and Upcycling Degradation
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Hu Chenyang , Pang Xuan , Chen Xuesi
Published: September 2023

The production and degradation of polyesters are two crucial processes in polyester materials’ life cycle. In this work, multi‐functional organocatalysts based on fluorides for both processes are described. Organofluorides were developed as catalysts for ring‐opening polymerization of lactide (lactone). Compared with a series of organohalides, organofluoride performed the best catalytic reactivity because of the hydrogen bond interaction between F− and alcohol initiator. The Mn values of polyester products could be up to 72 kg mol−1. With organofluoride catalysts, the ring‐opening copolymerization between various anhydrides and epoxides could be established. Furthermore, terpolymerization of anhydride, epoxide, and lactide could be constructed by the self‐switchable organofluoride catalyst to yield a block polymer with a strictly controlled polymerization sequence. Organofluorides were also efficient catalysts for upcycling polyester plastic wastes via alcoholysis. Mixed polyester materials could also be hierarchically recycled.
Application of an Oscillatory Plug Flow Reactor to Enable Scalable and Fast Reactions in Water Using a Biomass‐Based Polymeric Additive**
Authors: Hammer Susanne , Nanto Filippo , Canu Paolo , Ötvös Sándor B. , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: September 2023

The utilization of water as a sustainable reaction medium has important advantages over traditional organic solvents. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose has emerged as a biomass‐based polymeric additive that enables organic reactions in water through hydrophobic effects. However, such conditions imply slurries as reaction mixtures, where the efficacy of mass transfer and mixing decreases with increasing vessel size. In order to circumvent this limitation and establish an effectively scalable platform for performing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose‐mediated aqueous transformations, we utilized oscillatory plug flow reactors that feature a smart dimensioning design principle across different scales. Using nucleophilic aromatic substitutions as valuable model reactions, rapid parameter optimization was performed first in a small‐scale instrument having an internal channel volume of 5 mL. The optimal conditions were then directly transferred to a 15 mL reactor, achieving a three‐fold scale‐up without re‐optimizing any reaction parameters. By precisely fine‐tuning the oscillation parameters, the system achieved optimal homogeneous suspension of solids, preventing settling of particles and clogging of process channels. Ultimately, this resulted in a robust and scalable platform for performing multiphasic reactions under aqueous conditions.
Neurobehavioral alterations induced by third‐trimester gestation‐equivalent ethanol exposure are inhibited by folate administration
Authors: Marengo Leonardo , Barey Agostina , Salguero Agustín , Fabio María C. , Cendán Cruz Miguel , Morón‐Henche Ignacio , D'Addario Claudio , Pautassi Ricardo Marcos
Published: September 2023

Prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) causes several neurobehavioral impairments in the fetus. Postnatal days (PDs) 4–9 in rodents are considered equivalent to the third trimester of gestation in humans. This period is characterized by high rates of synaptogenesis and myelination and the maturation of key structures and transmitter systems. Nutritional supplements, such as folate, have gained attention as putative treatments to mitigate detrimental effects of PEE. Folate is crucial for DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism and heightens antioxidant defenses. The present study examined neurobehavioral effects of the concurrent administration of folate (20 mg/kg/day) and ethanol (5 g/kg/day) during PDs 4–9 in male and female Wistar rats. During PDs 16–18, the rat pups were tested for anxiety‐like and exploratory activity in the light–dark box (LDB), open field (OF), and concentric square field (CSF) tests. After weaning, they were tested for sucrose preference and ethanol intake. Neonatal ethanol exposure reduced body weight in infancy but did not enhance ethanol self‐administration or significantly affect performance in the OF or LDB. Neonatal ethanol exposure also reduced sucrose intake in the preference test and increased shelter‐seeking in the CSF, and folate significantly inhibited these effects. The present findings suggest that folate, a treatment that is devoid of serious side effects, can ameliorate some neurobehavioral effects of PEE.
Determination of urinary deanol‐N‐oxide excretion profiles after ingestion of nutritional supplements containing deanol
Authors: Krug Oliver , Guddat Sven , Görgens Christian , Piper Thomas , Möller Tristan , Thevis Mario
Published: September 2023

2‐(Dimethylamino)ethan‐1‐ol (Deanol) is a widely produced chemical used by both industry and consumers in a variety of applications. Meclofenoxate, a stimulant classified on the World Anti‐Doping Agency Prohibited List, metabolizes into deanol and, presumably, its main metabolite deanol‐N‐oxide. Hence, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, a quantitative detection method for deanol‐N‐oxide in urine was developed. Subsequently, the urinary excretion of deanol‐N‐oxide after oral application of 130 mg of deanol was determined in six volunteers, and urine samples of a cohort of 180 male and female athletes from different sports were analyzed. In addition, urinary deanol‐N‐oxide was determined in an exploratory study with one volunteer ingesting 250 mg of meclofenoxate. The developed test method allowed for limits of detection and quantification for deanol‐N‐oxide at 0.05 and 0.15 μg/mL, respectively. Urinary deanol‐N‐oxide cmax levels were found between 100 and 250 μg/mL 2–5 h post‐administration of 130 mg of deanol. Similarly, urine samples collected after the administration of 250 mg of meclofenoxate exhibited cmax levels of 115 μg/mL. In contrast, deanol‐N‐oxide urine concentrations of pre‐administration specimens and 180 routine doping control urine sample were between 0.3 and 1.3 μg/mL and below limit of quantification and 1.8 μg/mL, respectively. The study suggests that the use of deanol and meclofenoxate results in significantly elevated urinary deanol‐N‐oxide levels. Whether or not monitoring deanol‐N‐oxide in doping controls can support decision‐making processes concerning the detection of meclofenoxate use necessitates further investigations taking into consideration the elimination kinetics of 4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid, the main metabolite of meclofenoxate, and deanol‐N‐oxide.
Methiothepin downregulates SNAP‐23 and inhibits degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia cells and mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells
Authors: Kondo Daisuke , Suzuki Ruriko , Matsumura Ayako , Meguri Hitomi , Tanaka Masahiko , Itakura Makoto , Hirashima Naohide
Published: September 2023

In the present study, we found that methiothepin (a nonselective 5‐hydroxytryptamine [5‐HT] receptor antagonist) inhibited antigen‐induced degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia cells and mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells. Although antigen stimulation induces release of histamine and serotonin (5‐HT) by exocytosis and mast cells express several types of 5‐HT receptor, the detailed role of these receptors remains unclear. Here, pretreatment of cells with methiothepin attenuated increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, phosphorylated critical upstream signaling components (Src family tyrosine kinases, Syk, and PLCγ1), and suppressed TNF‐α secretion via inhibition of Akt (a Ser/Thr kinase activated by PI3K)and ERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, it inhibited PMA/ionomycin‐induced degranulation; this finding suggested that methiothepin affected downstream signaling. IκB kinase β phosphorylates synaptosomal associated protein 23, which regulates the fusion events of the secretory granule/plasma membrane after mast cell activation, resulting in degranulation. We showed that methiothepin blocked PMA/ionomycin‐induced phosphorylation of synaptosomal associated protein 23 by inhibiting its interaction with IκB kinase β. Together with the results of selective 5‐HT antagonists, it is suggested that methiothepin inhibits mast cell degranulation by downregulating upstream signaling pathways and exocytotic fusion machinery through mainly 5‐HT1A receptor. Our findings provide that 5‐HT antagonists may be used to relieve allergic reactions.
Divergent Total Syntheses of 2, 6‐Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐3‐one Styryllactones: (−)‐Goniopypyrone, (+)‐Goniochelienlactone and (+)‐7‐Acetylgoniochelienlactone
Authors: Cui Yuxin , Liang Changxu , Chen Minhao , Li Yong , Du Yuguo , Feng Fu , Liu Jun
Published: September 2023

Stereoselective total syntheses of (+)‐goniochelienlactone, (+)‐7‐acetylgoniochelienlactone and (−)‐goniopypyrone were accomplished by divergent strategies starting from readily available chiral pool methyl α‐D‐mannopyranoside. The present work provided an efficient strategy for the stereoselective construction of highly functionalized dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐3‐one ring system through a sequential Bernet‐Vasella‐type reductive elimination/nucleophilic addition and a sequential cross‐metathesis/intramolecular oxa‐Michael addition in a one‐pot process.
Innovative Pharmacologic Approaches to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Frishman William H. , Vahdat Shadi , Bhatta Sanjeev
Published: September 2023

The survival rate of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is 5% to 15%. New treatment approaches under investigation for CPR include the use of vasopressin as a vasopressor, amiodarone for the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmia, and adenosine antagonists (i.e., theophylline) for bradyasystolic rhythms. More innovative approaches include the use of thyroid hormone and endothelin.
Effect of Troglitazone on Urinary Excretion of 6β‐Hydroxycortisol
Authors: Koup Jeffrey R. , Anderson Gail D. , Loi Cho‐Ming
Published: September 2023

Coadministration of troglitazone reduces the plasma concentrations of terfenadine and ethinyl estradiol, Because these drugs are metabolized at least in part by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), it is possible that troglitazone induces CYP3A activity, thereby reducing plasma concentrations of these agents. Known inducers of CYP3A, such as rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital, increase the urinary excretion of 6β‐hydroxycortisol and the ratio of 6β‐hydroxycortisol to cortisol. This evaluation examined the effect of troglitazone on urinary excretion of 6β‐hydroxycortisol and the ratio of 6β‐hydroxycortisol to cortisol as a marker for CYP3A induction. Urine samples were collected from 11 subjects who completed a study evaluating the effect of multiple‐dose administration of troglitazone 400 mg once daily (days 11‐20) on the steadystate pharmacokinetics of digoxin (0.25 mg daily on days 1‐20). A single urine sample was collected at baseline on day 1, and 24‐hour urine samples were collected on days 10 and 20. Mean ± standard deviation 24‐hour excretion rate of cortisol was unchanged, whereas that of 6β‐hydroxycortisol increased during troglitazone administration. The ratio of 24‐hour urinary 6β‐hydroxy‐cortisol to cortisol excretion increased from 7.4 ± 2.7 on day 10 to 16.1 ± 6.2 on day 20. The ratio observed on day 10 was similar to that obtained at baseline. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that troglitazone induces CYP3A activity.
Influence of Ondansetron on Thiopental Hypnotic Requirements
Authors: Kostopanagiotou G. , Pouriezis T. , Theodoraki K. , Kottis G , Andreadou I. , Smyrniotis V. , Papadimitriou L.
Published: September 2023

Ondansetron, a selective 5‐HT3 antagonist has been proved to be an effective antiemetic agent for prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting after surgery. This study was conducted to determine whether ondansetron changes thiopental requirements for induction of anesthesia in patients unpremedicated and premedicated with diazepam. One hundred sixty eight adult female patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I (normal healthy patient) or II (patient with mild systemic disease) participated in this prospective, double blinded, randomized study. Patients were assigned to receive either 0.07 mg/Kg diazepam orally or no premedication. They then received saline and ondansetron 0.1 mg/Kg or 0.2 mg/Kg intravenously 5 minutes before thiopental induction. Thiopental was administered at a rate of 25 mg/min until the patient lost the ability to open eyes on command. Thiopental requirements were not significantly different among groups. The results indicate that ondansetron in clinically used doses does not influence the hypnotic requirements of thiopental.
In vivo evaluation of the neurogenotoxic effects of exposure to validamycin A in neuroblasts of Drosophila melanogaster larval brain
Authors: Turna Demir Fatma , Demir Eşref
Published: September 2023

Agriculture commonly utilizes crop protection products to tackle infestations from fungi, parasites, insects, and weeds. Validamycin A, an inhibitor of trehalase, possesses antibiotic and antifungal attributes. Epidemiological evidence has led to concerns regarding a potential link between pesticide usage and neurodegenerative diseases. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been recognized as a reliable model for genetic research due to its significant genetic similarities with mammals. Here, we propose to use D. melanogaster as an effective in vivo model system to investigate the genotoxic risks associated with exposure to validamycin A. In this study, we performed a neurotoxic evaluation of validamycin A in D. melanogaster larvae. Several endpoints were evaluated, including toxicity, intracellular oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species), intestinal damage, larval behavior (crawling behavior, light/dark sensitivity assay, and temperature sensitivity assay), locomotor (climbing) behavior, and neurogenotoxic effects (impaired DNA via Comet assay, enhanced by Endo III and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase [FPG]). The results showed that exposure to validamycin A, especially at higher doses (1 and 2.5 mM), induced DNA impairment in neuroblasts as observed by Comet assay. Both larvae and adults exhibited behavioral changes and produced reactive oxygen species. Most importantly, this research represents a pioneering effort to report neurogenotoxicity data specifically in Drosophila larval neuroblasts, thus underscoring the importance of this species as a testing model in exploring the biological impacts of validamycin A. The in vivo findings from the experiments are a valuable and novel addition to the existing validamycin A neurogenotoxicity database.
Photoacoustic micro‐viscoelastography for mapping mechanocellular properties
Authors: Yang Fen , Chen Wei , Chen Zhongjiang
Published: September 2023

Cellular biomechanical properties provide essential insights into biological functions regarding health and disease. Current measurements of the biomechanical properties of cells require physical contact with cells or pre‐loading on the cells. Here, we have developed photoacoustic micro‐viscoelastography (PAMVE), which utilizes the phase characteristics of photoacoustic (PA) response, for mapping mechanocellular properties in a load‐free manner. PAMVE realizes the local viscoelasticity measurement on the macrophages and red blood cells with micrometer scale. Furthermore, PAMVE can successfully identify the adipose cell and skeletal muscle cell due to the difference in their composition‐related biomechanical properties. PAMVE represents an irreplaceable option for interrogating characteristic mechanocellular properties, opening the possibility of studying cellular mechanobiology and pathophysiology.
Deep learning‐based photodamage reduction on harmonic generation microscope at low‐level optical power
Authors: Shen Yi‐Jiun , Liao En‐Yu , Tai Tsung‐Ming , Liao Yi‐Hua , Sun Chi‐Kuang , Lee Cheng‐Kuang , See Simon , Chen Hung‐Wen
Published: September 2023

The trade‐off between high‐quality images and cellular health in optical bioimaging is a crucial problem. We demonstrated a deep‐learning‐based power‐enhancement (PE) model in a harmonic generation microscope (HGM), including second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG). Our model can predict high‐power HGM images from low‐power images, greatly reducing the risk of phototoxicity and photodamage. Furthermore, the PE model trained only on normal skin data can also be used to predict abnormal skin data, enabling the dermatopathologist to successfully identify and label cancer cells. The PE model shows potential for in‐vivo and ex‐vivo HGM imaging.