bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planty Childhoods: Theorising with a Vegetal Ontology in Environmental Education Research
Authors: Parmar Sneha , Malone Karen , Young Tracy Charlotte
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the potential for extending relational ontologies to include a specific focus on human-plant relations. We theorise the emergence of a vegetal ontology, as a novel way of working and remaking theories around human-plant relations that can be applied to the field of environmental education. A vegetal ontological approach, as applied in the environmental education research project that informs this article, abandons hierarchical comparisons of plants, which are often historically positioned as “lesser species,” mere “objects” and “resources” even. We start our paper with a modest review of key theoretical approaches informing past and recent environmental education studies on child-plant relations. We then return to the discussion started within the introduction to the paper on how we have theorised a vegetal ontology as a mode of a relational ontology focussing particularly on human-plant relations and drawing on posthumanist, new materialist and Indigenous approaches. To conclude the paper, we then put this newly named vegetal ontology to work. We apply it to a recent study on childhood-plant encounters where researchers engaged with young children and their families in a botanical garden setting and a group of environmental education elders reflected on the significance of plant relations in their childhoods.
Implementing standardized criteria for multi-drug-resistant organisms: a retrospective cost-avoidance analysis for discontinuing contact precautions for ESBL
Authors: Crossley Brenna , Cortes-Ramos Carmen T. , Nolt Dawn
Published: September 2024

Objective:

This manuscript calculates the estimated cost-savings associated with implementing criteria for multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDRO).

Design:

The study evaluated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales isolates utilizing the MDRO criteria established by Infection Prevention and Control. Isolates were categorized as either meeting or not meeting criteria. The number of inpatient days for patients with isolates not meeting criteria was calculated. The average daily cost of personal protective equipment (PPE) for patients in contact isolation was determined via literature review. Annual cost savings were determined by multiplying the total number of inpatient days by the average cost of PPE per day. Because our institution only isolates patients who meet the MDRO criteria, this approach was considered a cost-saving measure.

Setting:

560 licensed bed, tertiary care facility in the United States.

Patients:

Adult inpatients between the years of 2019–2022 with an ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from any specimen source.

Results:

229 patients met inclusion criteria. 73% of isolates did not meet MDRO criteria. The patients with ESBL isolates not meeting criteria represented 2942 isolation days over four years. The average cost of PPE for contact isolation per day was $40.18. Cost-savings were estimated at $118,209 over four years.

Conclusions:

Our findings provide support for other healthcare systems to define organisms that warrant transmission-based contact precautions.
Energy exchanges between coherent modes in the near wake of a wind turbine model at different tip speed ratios
Authors: Biswas Neelakash , Buxton Oliver R.H.
Published: September 2024

In this work we investigate the spatio-temporal nature of various coherent modes present in a wind turbine wake using a combination of new particle image velocimetry experiments and data from Biswas & Buxton (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 979, 2024, A34). A multiscale triple decomposition of the acquired velocity field is sought to extract the coherent modes and, thereafter, the energy exchanges to and from them are studied using the multiscale triple decomposed coherent kinetic energy budgets developed by Baj & Buxton (Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 2, 2017, 114607). Different frequencies forming the tip vortex system (such as the blade passing frequency, turbine's rotational frequency and their harmonics) are found to be energised by different sources such as production from the mean flow or nonlinear triadic interaction or both, similar to the primary, secondary or the mixed modes discussed in Biswas et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 941, 2022, A36). The tip vortex system forms a complex network of nonlinear triadic energy transfers, the nature and the magnitudes of which depend on the tip speed ratio (

$\lambda$

). Contrastingly, the modes associated with the sheddings from the nacelle or tower and wake meandering are found to be primarily energised by the mean flow. We show that the tip vortex system exchanges energy with the mean flow primarily through the turbine's rotational frequency. In fact, the system transfers energy back to the mean flow through the turbine's rotational frequency at some distance downstream marking the onset location of wake recovery (

$x_{wr}$

). Here

$x_{wr}$

is shown to reduce with

$\lambda$

due to stronger interaction and earlier merging of the tip vortices at a higher

$\lambda$

.
Spreading of a viscous drop after impact onto a spherical target
Authors: Abbot Mete , Lannert Max , Kiran Awadhesh , Bakshi Shamit , Hussong Jeanette , Roisman Ilia V.
Published: September 2024

Drop collision with a solid particle is a ubiquitous phenomenon in a wide range of applications, including rain, spray coating, cooling or cleaning, particle encapsulation, inkjet printing, and additive manufacturing. Understanding the dynamics of drop collision is essential for optimizing these processes. In this study, we present a comprehensive experimental and analytical investigation of non-axisymmetric as well as axisymmetric drop impact on a solid particle. We use a high-speed video system to visualize the drop profile during the impact, and measure the drop height and spreading diameter for different liquid viscosities, ratios of the target to drop diameters, offsets, and various other impact parameters. We then develop a theoretical model for drop spreading on a solid spherical particle that relies on the formulation of a remote asymptotic solution for the inviscid flows, generated by non-axisymmetric drop impact. Next, the viscous effects in a thin viscous boundary layer are considered, which allows the formulation of an expression for the residual lamella thickness and maximum spreading. The theoretically predicted evolution of the lamella thickness, the residual film thickness, and the maximum spreading angle agree well with the experimental data presented in this work and the literature. Finally, we present a novel approach for in situ measurement of liquid viscosity, drop impact viscometry, at high shear rates via a single drop impact experiment, with potential application in industries where non-Newtonian drops play a major role, such as pesticide spraying, paint droplet spreading, blood drop impact and fuel injectors.
Subject to change: quantifying transformation in armed conflict actors at scale using text
Authors: Foster Margaret J.
Published: September 2024

An extensive theoretical and practitioner literature addresses the drivers and consequences of transformation of violent rebel actors during conflicts. However, measurement challenges constrain large-N empirical study of the effects and consequences of such transformations. This Research Note introduces a strategy to identify periods of transformation and change in the operation of non-state armed militant groups via computational text analysis of trends in reporting on activities. It presents the measurement approach and demonstrates scalability to a corpus of more than 200 militant groups operating from 1989 to 2020. The study concludes by extending a recent analysis of the impacts of uncertainty on conflict termination. An online Appendix demonstrates the advantages and drawbacks of the measurement through a series of case studies.
De jure and de facto inclusivity in global governance
Authors: Taggart Jack , Haug Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Global governance institutions have increasingly ‘opened up’ to non-state actors, leading to more formally inclusive governance arrangements. This has prompted inquiry into the extent and the drivers of this inclusivity, patterns of participation, and the consequences for the legitimacy and effectiveness of global governance. However, while the measurement of formal openness has expanded, the quality of inclusion remains underexplored. We therefore introduce a framework centred on the notion of ‘meaningful inclusion’, distinguishing between formal (de jure) structures and the perceived quality of actual (de facto) engagement. Drawing on extensive empirical data, we then examine the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation. This case exemplifies strong formal mechanisms for inclusion that are contrasted sharply by significant shortcomings in effective engagement. Our findings suggest that improvements in formal global governance structures alone cannot ensure meaningful inclusion. Instead, we highlight the centrality of power dynamics and vested interests in shaping inclusivity dynamics in practice.
Analysis of workspace boundary for multi-robot coordinated lifting system with rolling base
Authors: Zhao Xiangtang , Zhao Zhigang , Liu Yagang , Su Cheng , Meng Jiadong
Published: September 2024

An improved Monte-Carlo algorithm is proposed to address the problem of an unclear workspace boundary in a multi-robot coordinated lifting system. The spatial configuration of a multi-robot coordinated lifting system with rolling base is analyzed, and the kinematics and static workspace of the system are established. To solve the workspace boundary, first, the error introduced by the layers is reduced using an intra-layer thinning method. Second, each layer is divided simultaneously based on rows and columns, and the initial boundary points are extracted by searching for the best value. Third, random three-dimensional points are added in the neighborhood, and pseudo-boundary points are removed using three-dimensional local spherical coordinates to achieve a high-precision solution for the workspace boundary. Finally, the workspace volume is used to analyze the influence of structural parameters on the workspace boundary. The results show that the lifting system has limited carrying capacity and a data reference for selecting the structural parameters by analyzing the factors that affect the workspace. Findings provide a basis for further studies on the structural configuration and optimization of the lifting system.
Hugh of Saint Victor on the Celestial Hierarchy of Denys the Areopagite
Authors: Kirchberger Clare
Published: September 2024

Hugh of Saint-Victor's Commentary on Denys’ Celestial Hierarchies profoundly influenced the writers on mystical theology of the twelfth and following centuries. Richard is greatly indebted to him and makes use of his ideas and his examples. The following extract from the section on the Seraphim in Book VI of the Commentary (chapter VII in Denys) shows how Hugh transferred what Denys said of Angels to human love and contemplation. The insistence on love rather than knowledge as the means of union and contemplation far outstrips what Denys thought and is responsible for the whole, of the later trend of mystical theories. This passage is the source of many of Richard's illustrations in the Benjamin Major. Hugh's commentary on this section is longer than that on any other part of the work and he obviously lets himself go freely on the subject which was dearest to his heart.
A case of a tetralogy of Fallot patient treated only with classic Blalock–Taussig–Thomas shunt in modern life
Authors: Pham Thuy Thuc Minh , Huynh Thuy Thi Minh , Vu Phuc Nang
Published: September 2024

We showed images of classic Blalock–Taussig–Thomas shunt in a 35-year-old male patient with tetralogy of Fallot who underwent palliative surgery in 1992. It is a rare image echocardiography in our modern life.
Utilisation of a post-Fontan management pathway reduces chest tube drainage and hospital readmission rates
Authors: Skaff Adam M. , Kikano Sandra D. , Weiner Jeffrey G. , Staudt Genevieve E. , Maynord Patrick O. , Bichell David P. , Parra David A.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Complications following the Fontan procedure include prolonged pleural drainage and readmission for effusions. To address these complications, a post-Fontan management pathway was implemented with primary goals of reducing chest tube duration/reinsertion rates and decreasing hospital length of stay and readmissions.

Methods:

Fontan patients were identified by retrospective chart review (2017–2019) to obtain baseline data for chest tube duration/reinsertion rates, hospital length of stay, and readmission rates for effusion. A post-Fontan management pathway was implemented (2020–2021) utilising post-operative vasopressin, nasal cannula oxygen until chest tube removal, and discharge regimen of three times daily diuretics, sildenafil, and afterload reducing medications. Patients were followed to evaluate primary outcomes.

Results:

The pre- and post-pathway groups were similar in single ventricle morphology, demographics, and pre-operative haemodynamics. Forty-three and 36 patients were included in the pre- and post-pathway cohorts, respectively. There were statistically significant reductions in chest tube duration (8 vs. 5 days, p ≤ 0.001), chest tube output on post-operative day 4 (20.4 vs. 9.9 mL/kg/day, p = 0.003), and hospital readmission rates for effusion (13[30%] vs. 3[8%], p = 0.02) compared to baseline. There was an absolute reduction in hospital length of stay (11 vs. 9.5 days, p = 0.052). When combining average cost savings for the Fontan hospitalisations, readmissions for effusion, and cardiac catheterisations within 6 months of Fontan completion, there was a $325,144 total cost savings for 36 patients following pathway implementation.

Conclusion:

Implementation of a post-Fontan management pathway resulted in significant reductions in chest tube duration and output, and readmission rates for effusion in the perioperative period.
Cross-linguistic transfer in bilingual children's phonological and morphological awareness skills: a longitudinal perspective
Authors: Zhang Kehui , Sun Xin , Flores-Gaona Zahira , Yu Chi-Lin , Eggleston Rachel L. , Nickerson Nia , Caruso Valeria C. , Tardif Twila , Kovelman Ioulia
Published: September 2024

Cross-linguistic interactions are the hallmark of bilingual development. Theoretical perspectives highlight the key role of cross-linguistic distances and language structure in literacy development. Despite the strong theoretical assumptions, the impact of such bilingualism factors in heritage-language speakers remains elusive given high variability in children's heritage-language experiences. A longitudinal inquiry of heritage-language learners of structurally distinct languages – Spanish–English and Chinese–English bilinguals (N = 181, Mage = 7.57, measured 1.5 years apart) aimed to fill this gap. Spanish–English bilinguals showed stronger associations between morphological awareness skills across their two languages, across time, likely reflecting cross-linguistic similarities in vocabulary and lexical morphology between Spanish and English. Chinese–English bilinguals, however, showed stronger associations between morphological and word reading skills in English, likely reflecting the critical role of morphology in spoken and written Chinese word structure. The findings inform theories of literacy by uncovering the mechanisms by which bilingualism factors influence child literacy development.
Gradients of Deposition and In Situ Production Drive Global Glacier Organic Matter Composition
Authors: Holt Amy D. , McKenna Amy M. , Kellerman Anne M. , Battin Tom I. , Fellman Jason B. , Hood Eran , Peter Hannes , Schön Martina , De Staercke Vincent , Styllas Michail , Tolosano Matteo , Spencer Robert G. M.
Published: September 2024

Runoff from rapidly melting mountain glaciers is a dominant source of riverine organic carbon in many high‐latitude and high‐elevation regions. Glacier dissolved organic carbon is highly bioavailable, and its composition likely reflects internal (e.g., autotrophic production) and external (i.e., atmospheric deposition) sources. However, the balance of these sources across Earth's glaciers is poorly understood, despite implications for the mineralization and assimilation of glacier organic carbon within recipient ecosystems. We assessed the molecular‐level composition of dissolved organic matter from 136 mountain glacier outflows from 11 regions covering six continents using ultrahigh resolution 21 T mass spectrometry. We found substantial diversity in organic matter composition with coherent and predictable (80% accuracy) regional patterns. Employing stable and radiocarbon isotopic analyses, we demonstrate that these patterns are inherently linked to atmospheric deposition and in situ production. In remote regions like Greenland and New Zealand, the glacier organic matter pool appears to be dominated by in situ production. However, downwind of industrial centers (e.g., Alaska and Nepal), fossil fuel combustion byproducts likely underpin organic matter composition, resulting in older and more aromatic material being exported downstream. These findings highlight that the glacier carbon cycle is spatially distinct, with ramifications for predicting the dynamics and fate of glacier organic carbon concurrent with continued retreat and anthropogenic perturbation.
Field Investigation of Serpentinite With Induced Polarization and the K‐Means Clustering Technique
Authors: Revil A. , Ghorbani A. , Jacquet J. , Barde‐Cabusson S. , Chen H. , Richard J. , Vaudelet P. , Ménard G. , Delannoy J. J.
Published: September 2024

We performed a field induced polarization survey at Rocher du Chateau in the French Alps. This site is characterized by the presence of ophiolites with an outcrop of serpentinites. Serpentinite is characterized by high resistivity (∼0.5–10 kΩ m) and high chargeability (∼20–400 mV V−1) values. We collected two serpentinite core samples for spectral induced polarization measurements conducted in the frequency range 10 mHz–45 kHz, validating the field results. The high chargeability of serpentinite is associated with the production of magnetite during the fluid‐rock alteration, as indicated by the high magnetic susceptibility of the core samples (0.0340 SI). Using the laboratory measurements and the K‐means clustering technique, we successfully imaged the serpentinite facies and we were able to distinguish blocks of serpentinites embedded in the sedimentary cover. This approach could possibly be used for the seafloor exploration using induced polarization.
Osmosis Drives Explosions and Methane Release in Siberian Permafrost
Authors: Morgado Ana M. O. , Rocha Luis A. M. , Cartwright Julyan H. E. , Cardoso Silvana S. S.
Published: September 2024

Mysterious craters, with anomalously high concentrations of methane, have formed in the Yamal and Taymyr peninsulas of Siberia since 2014. While thawing permafrost owing to climate warming promotes methane releases, it is unknown how such release might be associated with explosion and crater formation. A significant volume of surface ice‐melt water can migrate downward driven by osmotic pressure associated with a cryopeg, a lens of salty water below. Overpressure reached at depth may lead to the cracking of the soil and subsequent decomposition of methane hydrates, with implications for the climate.
Future Increase in Post‐Drought Precipitation With a Stronger Response to Warming
Authors: Zhu M. M. , Gao L. , Zhao Q. K.
Published: September 2024

According to observational evidence and climate model projections, the frequency and intensity of the rapid shift from drought to pluvial (rapid dry‒wet alternation, RDWA) increases as warming intensifies. Given that post‐drought precipitation is a key cause of RDWA, this study focuses on changes in post‐drought precipitation. Climate model projections indicate that the mean post‐drought precipitation will increase by 15.3% during 2071–2100 under the Shared Socio‐economic Pathway (SSP) 585 scenario. The scenario‐averaged response rate of post‐drought precipitation (4.6%/K) to global warming is significantly greater than that of general precipitation (2.7%/K). Furthermore, there will be an increase in the proportion of land area experiencing maximum post‐drought precipitation in autumn. The mean post‐drought extreme precipitation will increase by 20.5% under SSP585, exacerbating the severity of RDWA in a warmer world. The post‐drought thermodynamic (precipitable water) and dynamic (atmospheric vertical velocity) components are both conducive to the future increase in post‐drought precipitation.
Precession‐Driven Variations in the Indonesian Throughflow Thermocline and Its Implications on the Agulhas Leakage
Authors: Zhang Peng , Xu Jian , Holbourn Ann , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Pei Renjie , Xiong Zhifang , Li Tiegang
Published: September 2024

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) thermocline, as exclusive water source for the “warm water route” of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), provides waters that exit the Indian Ocean and join the AMOC upper limb via the Agulhas Leakage (AL). Hence, investigating long‐term variations in the ITF thermocline and its implications on the AL is important for understanding dynamics of the AMOC. Here, the thermohaline history of the ITF thermocline was reconstructed for the last ∼410 kyr based on δ18O and Mg/Ca of planktonic foraminifera from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1483. By integrating the new and published records, we found that precession drives variation of the ITF thermocline through modulating the intensity of the Australian‐Indonesian winter monsoon, El Niño‐Southern Oscillation‐like states and formation of the North Pacific Tropical Water, in turn exerting a transoceanic influence on the amount of the AL and seawater temperature and salinity of the South Atlantic thermocline.
Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Shi Xueling , Hartinger Michael D. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Rodger Craig J. , Viljanen Ari , Qi Yi , Shi Chen , Parry Hannah , Mann Ian , Cordell Darcy , Madanian Hadi , Mac Manus Daniel H. , Dalzell Michael , Cui Ryan , MacMullin Ryan , Young‐Morris Greg , Noel Christian , Streifling Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

A variety of magnetosphere‐ionosphere current systems and waves have been linked to geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) and geomagnetically induced currents (GIC). However, since many location‐specific factors control GMD and GIC intensity, it is often unclear what mechanisms generate the largest GMD and GIC in different locations. We address this challenge through analysis of multi‐satellite measurements and globally distributed magnetometer and GIC measurements. We find embedded within the magnetic cloud of the 23–24 April 2023 coronal mass ejection (CME) storm there was a global scale density pulse lasting for 10–20 min with compression ratio of . It caused substantial dayside displacements of the bow shock and magnetopause, changes of and , respectively, which in turn caused large amplitude GMD in the magnetosphere and on the ground across a wide local time range. At the time this global GMD was observed, GIC measured in New Zealand, Finland, Canada, and the United States were observed. The GIC were comparable (within factors of 2–2.5) to the largest ever recorded during 14 year monitoring intervals in New Zealand and Finland and represented 2‐year maxima in the United States during a period with several Kp7 geomagnetic storms. Additionally, the GIC measurements in the USA and other mid‐latitude locations exhibited wave‐like fluctuations with 1–2 min period. This work suggests that large density pulses in CME should be considered an important driver of large amplitude, global GMD and among the largest GIC at mid‐latitude locations, and that sampling intervals are required to capture these GMD/GIC.
Tumor specimen cold ischemia time impacts molecular cancer drug target discovery
Authors: von der Heyde Silvia , Raman Nithya , Gabelia Nina , Matias-Guiu Xavier , Yoshino Takayuki , Tsukada Yuichiro , Melino Gerry , Marshall John L. , Wellstein Anton , Juhl Hartmut , Landgrebe Jobst
Published: September 2024

Tumor tissue collections are used to uncover pathways associated with disease outcomes that can also serve as targets for cancer treatment, ideally by comparing the molecular properties of cancer tissues to matching normal tissues. The quality of such collections determines the value of the data and information generated from their analyses including expression and modifications of nucleic acids and proteins. These biomolecules are dysregulated upon ischemia and decompose once the living cells start to decay into inanimate matter. Therefore, ischemia time before final tissue preservation is the most important determinant of the quality of a tissue collection. Here we show the impact of ischemia time on tumor and matching adjacent normal tissue samples for mRNAs in 1664, proteins in 1818, and phosphosites in 1800 cases (tumor and matching normal samples) of four solid tumor types (CRC, HCC, LUAD, and LUSC NSCLC subtypes). In CRC, ischemia times exceeding 15 min impacted 12.5% (mRNA), 25% (protein), and 50% (phosphosites) of differentially expressed molecules in tumor versus normal tissues. This hypoxia- and decay-induced dysregulation increased with longer ischemia times and was observed across tumor types. Interestingly, the proteomics analysis revealed that specimen ischemia time above 15 min is mostly associated with a dysregulation of proteins in the immune-response pathway and less so with metabolic processes. We conclude that ischemia time is a crucial quality parameter for tissue collections used for target discovery and validation in cancer research.
Enhanced feature matching in single-cell proteomics characterizes IFN-γ response and co-existence of cell states
Authors: Krull Karl K. , Ali Syed Azmal , Krijgsveld Jeroen
Published: September 2024

Proteome analysis by data-independent acquisition (DIA) has become a powerful approach to obtain deep proteome coverage, and has gained recent traction for label-free analysis of single cells. However, optimal experimental design for DIA-based single-cell proteomics has not been fully explored, and performance metrics of subsequent data analysis tools remain to be evaluated. Therefore, we here formalize and comprehensively evaluate a DIA data analysis strategy that exploits the co-analysis of low-input samples with a so-called matching enhancer (ME) of higher input, to increase sensitivity, proteome coverage, and data completeness. We assess the matching specificity of DIA-ME by a two-proteome model, and demonstrate that false discovery and false transfer are maintained at low levels when using DIA-NN software, while preserving quantification accuracy. We apply DIA-ME to investigate the proteome response of U-2 OS cells to interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in single cells, and recapitulate the time-resolved induction of IFN-γ response proteins as observed in bulk material. Moreover, we uncover co- and anti-correlating patterns of protein expression within the same cell, indicating mutually exclusive protein modules and the co-existence of different cell states. Collectively our data show that DIA-ME is a powerful, scalable, and easy-to-implement strategy for single-cell proteomics.
Direct asymmetric synthesis of β-branched aromatic α-amino acids using engineered phenylalanine ammonia lyases
Authors: Sun Chenghai , Lu Gen , Chen Baoming , Li Guangjun , Wu Ya , Brack Yannik , Yi Dong , Ao Yu-Fei , Wu Shuke , Wei Ren , Sun Yuhui , Zhai Guifa , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: September 2024

β-Branched aromatic α-amino acids are valuable building blocks in natural products and pharmaceutically active compounds. However, their chemical or enzymatic synthesis is challenging due to the presence of two stereocenters. We design phenylalanine ammonia lyases (PAL) variants for the direct asymmetric synthesis of β-branched aromatic α-amino acids. Based on extensive computational analyses, we unravel the enigma behind PAL’s inability to accept β-methyl cinnamic acid (β-MeCA) as substrate and achieve the synthesis of the corresponding amino acids of β-MeCA and analogs using a double (PcPAL-L256V-I460V) and a triple mutant (PcPAL-F137V-L256V-I460V). The reactions are scaled-up using an optimized E. coli based whole-cell biotransformation system to produce ten β-branched phenylalanine analogs with high diastereoselectivity (dr > 20:1) and enantioselectivity (ee > 99.5%) in yields ranging from 41-71%. Moreover, we decipher the mechanism of PcPAL-L256V-I460V for the acceptance of β-MeCA and converting it with excellent stereoselectivity by computational simulations. Thus, this study offers an efficient method for synthesizing β-branched aromatic α-amino acids.
A large-scale in silico replication of ecological and evolutionary studies
Authors: Yang Yefeng , van Zwet Erik , Ignatiadis Nikolaos , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: September 2024

Despite the growing concerns about the replicability of ecological and evolutionary studies, no results exist from a field-wide replication project. We conduct a large-scale in silico replication project, leveraging cutting-edge statistical methodologies. Replicability is 30%–40% for studies with marginal statistical significance in the absence of selective reporting, whereas the replicability of studies presenting ‘strong’ evidence against the null hypothesis H0 is >70%. The former requires a sevenfold larger sample size to reach the latter’s replicability. We call for a change in planning, conducting and publishing research towards a transparent, credible and replicable ecology and evolution.
Mapping biological influences on the human plasma proteome beyond the genome
Authors: Carrasco-Zanini Julia , Wheeler Eleanor , Uluvar Burulça , Kerrison Nicola , Koprulu Mine , Wareham Nicholas J. , Pietzner Maik , Langenberg Claudia
Published: September 2024

Broad-capture proteomic platforms now enable simultaneous assessment of thousands of plasma proteins, but most of these are not actively secreted and their origins are largely unknown. Here we integrate genomic with deep phenomic information to identify modifiable and non-modifiable factors associated with 4,775 plasma proteins in ~8,000 mostly healthy individuals. We create a data-driven map of biological influences on the human plasma proteome and demonstrate segregation of proteins into clusters based on major explanatory factors. For over a third (N = 1,575) of protein targets, joint genetic and non-genetic factors explain 10–77% of the variation in plasma (median 19.88%, interquartile range 14.01–31.09%), independent of technical factors (median 2.48%, interquartile range 0.78–6.41%). Together with genetically anchored causal inference methods, our map highlights potential causal associations between modifiable risk factors and plasma proteins for hundreds of protein–disease associations, for example, COL6A3, which possibly mediates the association between reduced kidney function and cardiovascular disease. We provide a map of biological and technical influences on the human plasma proteome to help contextualize findings from proteomic studies.
Lyophilizing SERS biosensors to enable translation into an easy-to-use assay
Authors: Naher Lutfun , Quarin Steven M. , Vang Der , Strobbia Pietro
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of point-of-care (POC) pathogen detection.
Temperature-tunable terahertz metamaterial device based on VO2 phase transition principle
Authors: Sun Hao , Sun Tangyou , Song Qianju , Bian Liang , Yi Zao , Zhang Jianguo , Hao Zhiqiang , Tang Chaojun , Wu Pinghui , Zeng Qingdong
Published: September 2024

Terahertz devices play an irreplaceable role in the development of terahertz technology.
A three-dimensional solid additive suppresses non-radiative recombination loss to boost efficiency and scalability in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Li Zhongjie , Zhan Lingling , Qiu Huayu , Sun Xiaokang , Hu Hanlin , Gui Ruohua , Yin Hang , Sun Rui , Min Jie , Yu Jinyang , Fu Weifei , Qiu Weiming , Liu Zhi-Xi , Yin Shouchun , Chen Hongzheng
Published: September 2024

The three-dimensional solid additive designed in this work reduces non-radiative recombination loss, achieving around 19% efficiency in PM6/Y6, over 19.6% in PM6/L8-BO and PM6/BTP-eC9 devices, and 16.23% in an 18.03 cm2 module.
Attaining improved cycling durability and engineering a dendrite-free lithium metal anode
Authors: Oh Hyeong-Seok , Lee Rae-Hyun , Lee Jong-Kyu , Yoon Jung-Rag , Kim Hyun-Kyung , Lee Seung-Hwan
Published: September 2024

Schematic diagram of Li plating/stripping behavior with Li metal and Li metal powder electrode.
Tunable slow photon effect and local surface plasmon in Ag-immobilized TiO2 inverse opal films for enhancing pollutant photodegradation
Authors: Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan , Grasset Fabien , Ishii Satoshi , Fudouzi Hiroshi , Uchikoshi Tetsuo
Published: September 2024

Plasmonic silver-decorated TiO2 inverse opal has shown an interesting potential for photocatalysis owing to its physically tunable optical absorbance, highly active area, and flexible fabrication.
Exploring 7β-amino-6-nitrocholestens as COVID-19 antivirals: in silico, synthesis, evaluation, and integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in drug design: assessing the cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of 3β-acetoxynitrocholestane
Authors: Shahabuddin  , Uzma  , Azam Mohammad , Parveen Mehtab , Kadir Nurul Huda Abd , Min Kim , Alam Mahboob
Published: September 2024

In light of the ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, effective and clinically translatable treatments are desperately needed for COVID-19 and its emerging variants.
A review on recent progress in polymer composites for effective electromagnetic interference shielding properties – structures, process, and sustainability approaches
Authors: Bheema Rajesh Kumar , J Gopu , Bhaskaran Krithika , Verma Akshat , Chavali Murthy , Etika Krishna Chaitanya
Published: September 2024

The rapid proliferation and extensive use of electronic devices have resulted in a meteoric increase in electromagnetic interference (EMI), which causes electronic devices to malfunction.
Simultaneous ionic cobalt sensing and toxic Congo red dye removal: a circular economic approach involving silver-enhanced fluorescence
Authors: Sahu Mamta , Ganguly Mainak , Sharma Priyanka , Doi Ankita , Negishi Yuichi
Published: September 2024

Fluorometric and colorimetric sensing of metal ions with environmental remediation.
Oxidation-induced modulation of photoresponsivity in monolayer MoS2 with sulfur vacancies
Authors: Abidi Irfan H. , Bhoriya Ankit , Vashishtha Pargam , Giridhar Sindhu Priya , Mayes Edwin L. H. , Sehrawat Manoj , Verma Ajay Kumar , Aggarwal Vishnu , Gupta Tanish , Singh H. K. , Ahmed Taimur , Dilawar Sharma Nita , Walia Sumeet
Published: September 2024

This study investigates how sulfur vacancies modulate the photoresponsivity of monolayer MoS2 in oxidizing environments, revealing critical role of oxygen in defect dynamics and offering insights for developing robust 2D material-based electronics.
Photosystem I complexes form remarkably stable self-assembled tunneling junctions
Authors: Torabi Nahid , Chiechi Ryan C.
Published: September 2024

This paper describes large-area molecular tunneling junctions comprising self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of light-harvesting protein complexes using eutectic Ga–In (EGaIn) as a top contact.
Active site-exposed Bi2WO6@BiOCl heterostructures for photocatalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds
Authors: Liao Le , Xie Guanshun , Yu Changqiang , Huang Zhaohui , Zhang Senlin , Zhang Tongzheng , Xie Xiuqiang , Zhang Nan
Published: September 2024

Active site-exposed Bi2WO6@BiOCl with a compact Z-scheme heterostructure exhibits enhanced photoactivity towards the hydrogenation reaction of nitroaromatic compounds.
Small molecules for impairing endoplasmic reticulum in cancer
Authors: Mishra Tripti , Dubey Navneet , Basu Sudipta
Published: September 2024

This review describes the diverse small molecules which impair different ER stress sensors, protein degradation machinery, and chaperones, along with the metal complexes and other compounds inducing ER stress through multiple mechanisms.
Expression of concern: Direct C–S bond formation via C–O bond activation of phenols in a crossover Pd/Cu dual-metal catalysis system
Authors: Khakyzadeh Vahid , Rostami Abed , Veisi Hojat , Shirmardi Shaghasemi Behzad , Reimhult Erik , Luque Rafael , Xia Yuanzhi , Darvishi Sima
Published: September 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Direct C–S bond formation via C–O bond activation of phenols in a crossover Pd/Cu dual-metal catalysis system’ by Vahid Khakyzadeh et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2019, 17, 4491–4497, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9OB00313D.
Mechanical properties and molecular adhesion exhibited by inorganic–organic composite elastomers
Authors: Yamashita Naoki , Ikura Ryohei , Yamaoka Kenji , Kato Nobu , Kamei Masanao , Ogura Kentaro , Igarashi Minoru , Nakagawa Hideo , Takashima Yoshinori
Published: September 2024

Organic–inorganic composite elastomers with reversible cross-links formed by β-cyclodextrin and adamantane (Ad) were prepared. Excess Ad units improve the mixability of polydimethylsiloxane and poly(ethyl acrylate) to increase the healing ratio.
Enhancing chemistry-intuitive feature learning to improve prediction performance of optical properties
Authors: Sun Ming , Fu Caixia , Su Haoming , Xiao Ruyue , Shi Chaojie , Lu Zhiyun , Pu Xuemei
Published: September 2024

An advanced graph neural network model is developed by enhancing chemistry intuitive feature learning to accurately predict four important optical properties of diverse emitters. Its reliability is validated by experiments.
Fabrication of azido-PEG-NHC stabilized gold nanoparticles as a functionalizable platform
Authors: Eisen Constantin , Keppler Bernhard K. , Chin Jia Min , Su Xiaodi , Reithofer Michael R.
Published: September 2024

Azid- and methoxy-functionalized PEG-NHC-CO2 adducts enable PEGylated NHC@AuNPs fabrication from oleylamine-protected AuNPs. N3-terminated NHC@AuNPs allow further derivatization via copper-catalyzed click or strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition.
Cybloids – creation and control of cybernetic colloids
Authors: Saha Debasish , Tarama Sonja , Löwen Hartmut , Egelhaaf Stefan U.
Published: September 2024

We present colloidal particles with freely selectable properties by external programming via a feedback loop. Here, the feedback potential depends on the past particle position(s) resulting in self-propulsion and self-organization into crystals.
A recurrent neural network‐based rotor displacement estimation method for eight‐pole active magnetic bearing
Authors: Fan Longyuan , Liu Zicheng , Wang Haijiao , Jiang Dong , Chen Yu
Published: September 2024

Active magnetic bearing (AMB) is a key technology in high‐speed rotating machines for rotor suspension, where the displacement sensors play a crucial role in detecting and controlling the rotor position. However, the traditional displacement sensors have the problems of high cost, large volume and poor reliability. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an innovative solution that utilises a recurrent neural network (RNN) to estimate the rotor displacement from the current in the AMB controller. The proposed method offers high‐quality prediction performance for the rotor displacement which is close to the high precision eddy current displacement sensors. The mathematical model of AMB is analysed to provide guidance in historical current data acquisition and design of RNN. The input dimensions and the architecture of the neural network are optimised to improve both prediction accuracy and computational complexity. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the algorithm and demonstrate that the proposed method has high accuracy, robustness and generalisation ability.
Spectroscopy using a visible photonic lantern at the Subaru Telescope: Laboratory characterization and the first on-sky demonstration on Ikiiki (α Leo) and ‘Aua (α Ori)
Authors: Vievard S. , Lallement M. , Leon-Saval S. , Guyon O. , Jovanovic N. , Huby E. , Lacour S. , Lozi J. , Deo V. , Ahn K. , Lucas M. , Sallum S. , Norris B. , Betters C. , Amezcua-Correa R. , Yerolatsitis S. , Fitzgerald M. P. , Lin J. , Kim Y. J. , Gatkine P. , Kotani T. , Tamura M. , Currie T. , Kenchington H-D. , Martin G. , Perrin G.
Published: September 2024

Context. Photonic lanterns (PLs) are waveguide devices enabling high-throughput single-mode spectroscopy and high angular resolution.

Aims. We aim to present the first on-sky demonstration of a PL operating in visible light, to measure its throughput and assess its potential for high-resolution spectroscopy of compact objects.

Methods. We used the SCExAO instrument (a double-stage extreme adaptive optics system installed at the Subaru Telescope) and FIRST mid-resolution spectrograph (R 3000) to test the visible capabilities of the PL on internal source and on-sky observations.

Results. The best averaged coupling efficiency over the PL field of view was measured at 51% ± 10%, with a peak at 80%. We also investigated the relationship between coupling efficiency and the Strehl ratio for a PL, comparing them with those of a single-mode fiber (SMF). Findings show that in the adaptive optics regime a PL offers a better coupling efficiency performance than an SMF, especially in the presence of low-spatial-frequency aberrations. We observed Ikiiki (α Leo – mR = 1.37) and ‘Aua (α Ori – mR = −1.17) at a frame rate of 200 Hz. Under median seeing conditions (about 1 arcsec measured in the H band) and large tip or tilt residuals (over 20 mas), we estimated an average light coupling efficiency of 14.5% ± 7.4%, with a maximum of 42.8% at 680 nm. We were able to reconstruct both star’s spectra, containing various absorption lines.

Conclusions. The successful demonstration of this device opens new possibilities in terms of high-throughput single-mode fiber-fed spectroscopy in the visible. The demonstrated on-sky coupling efficiency performance would not have been achievable with a single SMF injection setup under similar conditions, partly because the residual tip or tilt alone exceeded the field of view of a visible SMF (18 mas at 700 nm). This emphasizes the enhanced resilience of PL technology to such atmospheric disturbances. The additional capabilities in high angular resolution are also promising but still have to be demonstrated in a forthcoming investigation.
Poynting flux transport channels formed in polar cap regions of neutron star magnetospheres
Authors: Benáček Jan , Timokhin Andrey , Muñoz Patricio A. , Jessner Axel , Rievajová Tatiana , Pohl Martin , Büchner Jörg
Published: September 2024

Context. Pair cascades in polar cap regions of neutron stars are considered to be an essential process in various models of coherent radio emissions of pulsars. The cascades produce pair plasma bunch discharges in quasi-periodic spark events. The cascade properties, and therefore also the coherent radiation, depend strongly on the magnetospheric plasma properties and vary significantly across and along the polar cap. Importantly, where the radio emission emanates from in the polar cap region is still uncertain.

Aims. We investigate the generation of electromagnetic waves by pair cascades and their propagation in the polar cap for three representative inclination angles of a magnetic dipole, 0°, 45°, and 90°.

Methods. We use two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that include quantum-electrodynamic pair cascades in a charge-limited flow from the star surface.

Results. We find that the discharge properties are strongly dependent on the magnetospheric current profile in the polar cap and that transport channels for high intensity Poynting flux are formed along magnetic field lines where the magnetospheric currents approach zero and where the plasma cannot carry the magnetospheric currents. There, the parallel Poynting flux component is efficiently transported away from the star and may eventually escape the magnetosphere as coherent radio waves. The Poynting flux decreases with increasing distance from the star in regions of high magnetospheric currents.

Conclusions. Our model shows that no process of energy conversion from particles to waves is necessary for the coherent radio wave emission. Moreover, the pulsar radio beam does not have a cone structure; rather, the radiation generated by the oscillating electric gap fields directly escapes along open magnetic field lines in which no pair creation occurs.
Ejected from home: C/1980 E1 (Bowell) and C/2024 L5 (ATLAS)
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos R. , de la Fuente Marcos C. , Aarseth S. J.
Published: September 2024

Context. Natural interstellar objects do not form isolated in deep space, but escape their natal planetary systems. Early removal from their home star systems via close flybys with still-forming planets could be the dominant ejection mechanism. However, dynamically evolved planetary systems such as the Solar System may also be a significant source of natural interstellar objects.

Aims. We studied the dynamical evolution of two unusual Solar System hyperbolic comets, C/1980 E1 (Bowell) and C/2024 L5 (ATLAS), to investigate the circumstances that led them to reach moderate Solar System excess hyperbolic speeds.

Methods. We used N-body simulations and statistical analyses to explore the planetary encounters that led to the ejection of C/1980 E1 and C/2024 L5, and studied their pre- and post-encounter trajectories.

Results. We confirm that C/1980 E1 reached its present path into interstellar space after an encounter with Jupiter at 0.23 au on December 9, 1980. C/2024 L5 was scattered out of the Solar System following a flyby to Saturn at 0.003 au on January 24, 2022. Integrations backward in time show that C/1980 E1 came from the inner Oort cloud but C/2024 L5 could be a former retrograde, inactive Centaur. The receding velocities of C/1980 E1 and C/2024 L5 when entering interstellar space will be 3.8 and 2.8 km s−1, moving towards Aries and Triangulum, respectively.

Conclusions. Our results for two comets ejected from the Solar System indicate that dynamically evolved planetary systems can be effective sources of interstellar objects and provide constraints on their velocity distribution.
Real-Time Evaluation of Lumbar Instability Using Dynamic MRI: A Commentary on Current Approaches and Developmental Opportunities
Authors: Mahato Niladri Kumar
Published: September 2024

This brief commentary presents the current approaches and challenges concerning the use of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate lumbar instability in real time. In a continuum of using end-of-range static imaging to detect and quantify lumbar instability, this commentary outlines current approaches, limitations, and potential developmental opportunities of using MRI to quantify dynamic intervertebral displacements for investigating mechanistic underpinnings of back pain.