bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Which Mexicans Are White? Enumerator-Assigned Race in the 1930 Census and the Socioeconomic Integration of Mexican Americans
Authors: Duncan Brian , Trejo Stephen J.
Published: November 2023

The authors explore unique complete-count data from the 1930 Census in which a respondent’s race was assigned by enumerators and “Mexican” was one of the possible responses. Census enumerators frequently and selectively assigned a non-Mexican race—predominantly “white”—to US-born individuals of Mexican ancestry. As a result, using enumerator-assigned race to identify Mexican Americans misses a sizeable fraction of the relevant population and significantly understates this group’s socioeconomic attainment. The propensity for Census enumerators to identify Mexican Americans as white varied enormously across US counties, and this variation is strongly associated with both the educational attainment of US-born Mexican Americans observed in the 1940 Census and the amount of return migration by Mexican immigrants during the 1930s. As such, this variation may help to identify local environments that were more favorable for the integration of Mexican Americans.
The views of psychiatrists on proposed changes to the England and Wales Mental Health Act 1983 legislation for people with intellectual disability: A national study
Authors: Tromans Samuel , Robinson Gemma , Gabrielsson Alexandra , Bassett Paul , Sawhney Indermeet , Triantafyllopoulou Paraskevi , Hassiotis Angela , Shankar Rohit
Published: November 2023

Background:

The Draft Mental Health Bill proposes removal of both intellectual disability and autism from Section 3 of the Mental Health Act for England and Wales (MHA). This would lead to people with intellectual disability (PwID) and/or autism could not be detained beyond 28 days, in the absence of diagnosed co-occurring mental illness.

Aim:

To obtain views of psychiatrists working with PwID in England and Wales regarding the proposed MHA changes. This study focusses specifically on the impact on PwID.

Methods:

A cross-sectional online mixed methodology survey of Likert and free-text response questions was developed, to ascertain perceptions of proposed legislative changes to the MHA. A non-discriminatory exponential snowballing technique leading to non-probability sampling was used to disseminate the survey. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests. Thematic analysis was conducted on free text responses.

Results:

A total of 82 psychiatrists (33%) from approximately 250 eligible completed the survey. Nearly two-thirds (64%) reported good awareness of the proposed changes, with over half (55%) reporting disagreement with the changes. Psychiatrists working in inpatient settings for PwID reported increased awareness of the changes, less agreement with the reforms, and increased expectations of the reforms having negative unintended consequences, compared to their peers working exclusively in the community. Consultants reported greater disagreement with the changes compared to their non-consultant peers. Qualitative analysis identified five main themes: impact on diagnosis and treatment, seeking alternative options, introducing inequities, resources, and meeting holistic care goals through the Care, Education and Treatment Reviews (CETR) process.

Conclusion:

Psychiatrists working with PwID report widespread disagreement with the proposed changes to the MHA for PwID, with greater levels of disagreement among those working in inpatient services. Caution with respect to the proposed changes, and monitoring of the impact of the changes if implemented, is advised.
Marrying Body and Theology: A Reply to Lawler and Salzman
Authors: Finegan Thomas
Published: November 2023

In a recent article in this journal Michael G. Lawler and Todd A. Salzman provide an argument for recognizing same-sex civil marriages between believing Catholics as ‘sacramental’ in some significant sense. Their argument deals with major, perennial themes of Catholic moral theology to advance a quite novel position. Though the position’s underlying rationale is interesting for a host of reasons, the present response will focus on what is, in many respects, its determinative feature: the stance taken towards the theological (in)significance of embodiment. It is argued that Lawler and Salzman overlook the nature of marriage as a one flesh union, a nature taught by Jesus and which is independently credible on philosophical grounds. By sidelining the nuptial significance of one flesh union Lawler and Salzman embark on a path which not only fails to make sense of marriage but which also has disorienting implications for various other theological issues that are likewise inextricably bound up with the question of embodiment.
Moral Imperatives of Lockdown: Story Completion Tasks of Family Practices and Relationships in Australia during COVID-19
Authors: Shipman Jessica , Hunter Sarah C , Coveney John , Feo Rebecca , Riggs Damien W , Middleton Georgia
Published: November 2023

This article contributes to the sociology of relationships by exploring the moral imperatives that shaped perceptions and negotiations of family life during lockdowns in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. We identified dominant discourses from an online qualitative story completion task and situate these in relation to emerging literature on the impact of pandemic-related restrictions on domestic relationships, gender relations, and labour division. We argue that discourses of family connection, clean and tidy homes, and the commodity of time operated as moral imperatives. These imperatives simultaneously offered opportunities for enrichment and agency, as well as operating as unobtainable benchmarks that constrained people’s sense of wellbeing. In this analysis we explore how COVID-19 lockdown stories offer new ways of understanding the interplay between displaying and doing ‘family life’ where gender and labour relations are performed, reinforced and challenged.
Strategies of Blaming on Social Media: An Experimental Study of Linguistic Framing and Retweetability
Authors: Hansson Sten , Fuoli Matteo , Page Ruth
Published: November 2023

This article introduces an original theoretical model for understanding how the linguistic framing of political protest messages influences how blame spreads in social media. Our model of blame retweetability posits that the way in which the basis and focus of blame are linguistically construed affects people’s perception of the strength of criticism in the message and its likelihood to be reposted. Two online experiments provide empirical support for the model. We find that attacks on a person’s character are perceived as more critical than blaming focused on the negative outcomes of their actions, and that negative judgements of social sanction have a greater impact than those of social esteem. The study also uncovers a “retweetability paradox”—in contrast to earlier studies, we find that blame messages that are perceived as more critical are not more likely to be reposted.
Income Is a Stronger Predictor of Subjective Social Class in More Economically Unequal Places
Authors: Kim Youngju , Sommet Nicolas
Published: November 2023

In this research, we examine how the lay conceptualization of subjective social class varies based on economic contexts. We argue that income should be a more central component of subjective social class in areas with higher income inequality. To address the issue of low power in existing research, we combined local-level income inequality indicators with large-scale repeated cross-sectional data, enabling the most reliable test to date on how the relationship between income and subjective social class is moderated by inequality. We used nationally representative datasets from the United States and South Korea (encompassing 25,000+ participants from 1,246 regional-year units). In both cultural contexts, our multilevel models revealed that income is a stronger predictor of subjective social class in regions with higher levels of income inequality. This work advances the theoretical and empirical understanding of how income and income inequality interact to shape the perception of one’s position in the social hierarchy.
The Critical Role Qualitative Research Plays in Service to High Quality Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Chudzik Mia , Corr Catherine
Published: November 2023

Mixed methods research studies have the potential to answer increasingly complex questions facing early childhood special education researchers. Despite the value that qualitative methods add to mixed methods research designs, most published mixed methods research in special education are quantitatively-dominant. In this article, we aim to describe the critical role of qualitative methods in mixed methods research. We begin by describing the field of special education’s history with qualitative and mixed methods research. Then, we illustrate the critical role of qualitative methods in mixed methods research. We conclude by addressing three tensions the field of ECSE needs to grapple with in order to improve mixed methods research.
Pediatric headache patient with cerebral abscesses: a brief review of the literature and case report
Authors: Bengio Moshe , Goodwin Glenn , Roka Abhishek , Marin Michelle
Published: November 2023

Background

Pediatric headache is a common cause of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits, and 8.8% of cases require imaging. Alarmingly, 12.5% of imaged cases have a pathologic cause. A pediatric patient with a complicated medical history presented to the pediatric ED with multiple cerebral abscesses. The possible causes and contributors to this rare cause of pediatric headache and a review of pediatric headache emergency management are presented. Case Presentation: A 12-year-old male patient with a complex medical and surgical history, including post-repair pulmonary valve stenosis, visited the pediatric ED for intractable and worsening left frontoparietal headache, refractory to ibuprofen, for 6 days. A physical examination revealed severe photophobia and restlessness secondary to severe head pain. Non-contrast brain computed tomography demonstrated two round, bilateral, parietal hypodense lesions with surrounding vasogenic edema. The lesions were consistent with abscesses on magnetic resonance imaging. Eventually, the patient underwent successful surgical abscess drainage and made a full recovery. The patient was lost to follow-up; therefore, no causative bacterial species was determined.

Conclusion

Managing pediatric headache in emergency settings requires a robust history and physical examination. Cerebral abscesses are an infrequent but fatal cause of pediatric headache and therefore should be considered among the differential diagnoses.
Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Aggressive Student Culture Scale Administered to the Age 8 Growing Up in NZ Cohort
Authors: Zhang Qiongxi , Underwood Lisa , Peterson Elizabeth R. , Fenaughty John , Waldie Karen E.
Published: November 2023

Background

The Aggressive Student Culture Scale (ASCS) is a survey designed to measure the extent to which New Zealand (NZ) students experience aggressive behaviours within the school environment. The aim of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of the ASCS in the multidisciplinary Growing Up in NZ longitudinal study.

Methods

We used data from 4938 children from the Growing Up in NZ study to examine the psychometric properties of ASCS for 8-year-old children. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and measurement invariance was tested across sex, ethnicity, and deprivation levels.

Results

The ASCS tool comprises a single latent factor: aggressive student behaviour. The ASCS provides an adequate and satisfactory measure for student aggression experiences. Full measurement invariance was supported for child’s sex, but only configural invariance was confirmed across ethnicity and area-level deprivation. Males reported higher levels of aggressive experiences than females.

Conclusions

The one-factor model structure offers an excellent fit to our data with good internal consistency. Comparisons across sex are valid; however, direct comparisons across ethnicity and deprivation levels should be approached with caution. We recommend replication studies and encourage further research involving participants from different age groups to better understand the factor structure across diverse demographic variables.
Effect of Breastfeeding Education Program and Nurse-led Breastfeeding Online Counseling System (BMUM) for Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Şimsek-Çetinkaya Şahika , Gümüş Çaliş Gülçin , Kibris Şerife
Published: November 2023

Background:

Breastfeeding is very important for maternal and infant health. With first pregnancies, many pregnant people face obstacles to achieving their breastfeeding goals.

Research Aims:

We aimed to investigate the outcomes of a breastfeeding education program and nurse-led online breastfeeding counseling system (BMUM) on breastfeeding self-efficacy, attitudes about breastfeeding, breastfeeding problems, breastfeeding frequencies and postpartum depression.

Methods:

This study was a randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group ( n = 36), or control group ( n = 36). Assessments were conducted during pregnancy, between 32- and 37-weeks gestation, and on postpartum Day 1, Week 1, Week 3, and 6 months.

Results:

The means of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy–Short Form scores, and the Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) scores were similar between the groups at the first assessment ( p = 0.733). IIFAS scores in the intervention group were significantly higher in the follow-up measurements on postpartum Day 1, Week 1, Week 3, and 6 months compared to scores in the control group ( p = 0.006; p = 0.000; p = 0.002; p = 0.001) Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) scores were similar between the two groups at 1 week ( p = 0.678). EPDS scores were significantly higher in the control group on Day 1 and at 3 and 6 months postpartum ( p = 0.000; p = 0.038; p = 0.042). There was no statistically significant difference in breastfeeding problems between the two groups ( p > 0.05 across breastfeeding problems examined). The mean values of breastfeeding frequency were similar between groups on Day 1, and significantly higher in the intervention group on follow-up measurements.

Conclusion:

The results of this intervention appear to promote positive attitudes toward breastfeeding and decrease feelings of postpartum depression. However, further randomized controlled trials are needed to support our outcomes.
Coping with Discrimination: A Longitudinal Study of Health Outcomes in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual and Heterosexual Midlife and Older Adults
Authors: Nelson Christi L.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study explored how coping moderates the association between discrimination and health outcomes in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual midlife and older adults.

Methods

This study analyzed longitudinal data from 163 LGB and 326 propensity-matched heterosexual midlife and older adults over approximately 20 years, using the Midlife in the United States study.

Results

Discrimination was associated with slower chronic condition accumulation over time for LGB individuals. Problem-focused and avoidance coping moderated discrimination’s impact on mental health in LGB participants over time, and in heterosexual participants, they moderated the association between discrimination and chronic conditions.

Discussion

The results suggest a potential “steeling” effect in LGB midlife and older adults facing higher discrimination levels. Furthermore, the findings suggest that effective coping strategies for mitigating the adverse impacts of discrimination on physical and mental health may vary by sexual orientation.
Sustainable quality management in hospitals: The experiences of healthcare quality managers
Authors: Claessens Fien , Castro Eva Marie , Seys Deborah , Brouwers Jonas , Van Wilder Astrid , Jans Anneke , De Ridder Dirk , Vanhaecht Kris
Published: November 2023

Background: Quality management systems are essential in hospitals, but evidence shows a real literature gap on the sustainable implementation of quality. Purpose: This study aimed to explore and identify enablers towards sustainable quality management in hospitals. Research design and Study Sample: Interviews were conducted with 23 healthcare quality managers from 20 hospitals. Data collection and/or Analysis: Data collection and analysis were conducted simultaneously by using the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven and following the COREQ Guidelines. Thematic analysis from interview transcripts was performed in NVivo 12. Results: The results reveal two categories: (1) quality in the organisation’s DNA and (2) quality in the professional’s DNA. The first category consists of: bottom-up and top-down management, the organisation-wide integration of quality and an organisational culture shift. The second one consists of: quality awareness, understanding the added value, the encouragement and engagement, the accountability and ownership for quality. Moving towards sustainable quality management systems in hospitals requires a good interaction between a bottom-up approach and leadership to ensure continuous support from healthcare stakeholders. Conclusions: This study contributes to existing conceptual and theoretical foundations with practical insights into sustainable quality management. The findings can guide quality departments and hospital management to regain professionals’ commitment to quality and to establish a sustainable quality management system.
Development and experimental investigation of magnetic abrasive finishing of 17-4PH steel
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Komma Venkateswara Rao
Published: November 2023

Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) is a promising process for achieving better surface finish, not only on softer materials, but also on harder materials. In several industries, 17-4PH steel has predominantly being used due to its exceptional properties of better corrosion resistance, high strength-to-weight ratio, and ease of weldability. In this article, the details of a developed MAF attachment for a CNC vertical milling machine are presented. The developed attachment was used to finish the surface of 17-4PH steel and is suitable for plane workpiece surface. Effect of various MAF process parameters such as rotational speed of electromagnet, supply voltage/current, abrasive mesh number, and working gap were studied on 17-4PH steel for material removal rate (MRR) and percentage change in surface roughness (PCSR) using one-factor) using one-factor-at-a-time approach (OFAT). Based on experimental results, on increasing voltage/current, increase in MRR and PCSR was observed; however, decrease in PCSR and MRR was noticed with increase in the working gap. PCSR was increased up to 600 rpm of electromagnet and 600 mesh number. However, on further increase in speed and mesh number, resulted in decrease in PCSR. Supply voltage/current was the most significant input process parameter on PCSR for the constant values of others parameters. Maximum PCSR of 90.37% was observed at 1.5 mm working gap, 600 rpm rotational speed, 600 mesh number and 24 V/0.9A voltage/current. The results reported in the article are useful in identifying the relative significance of parameters for the selected workpiece material.
Climatic controls and costly signaling: An integrated analysis of Holocene hunting in the Bonneville and Wyoming Basins, USA
Authors: Byers David A , McGrath Ryan , Yaworsky Peter , Popp Theresa , Maughan Gideon , Broughton Jack M
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we explore and integrate different currencies that may underlie large-game hunting to guide a trans-Holocene analysis of variation in artiodactyl utilization using massive archaeofaunal data-sets from predominantly open-air sites from the Bonneville and Wyoming basins. The available empirical data continue to suggest that artiodactyls yield consistently higher return rates than lagomorphs allowing us to leverage predictions from both the prey choice and energetic risk-gain models that the relative importance of artiodactyl hunting should scale closely with climate-based change in their abundance on the landscape. We document with modeled climate data that seasonal variables correlated with the relative frequency of artiodactyl hunting, but that summer temperature had a significant overriding effect in both regions. Controlling for the negative relationship between summer temperature and artiodactyl abundances, we then document enhanced artiodactyl hunting in general and bison more specifically during the Fremont period that is consistent with a costly signaling hypothesis and the unique socio-ecological conditions of this context. Thus, climatic variation and its influence on artiodactyl abundances drives the overall trajectory of Holocene large game hunting variation but measurable and more subtle influences of costly signaling are also detected.
Navigating context in experiments: The “real,” the roots, the rationale
Authors: Suitner Johannes , Krisch Astrid
Published: November 2023

Experiments are heralded as beacons of hope for transformative change. But how effective can ephemeral micro-interventions be in achieving comprehensive structural change? This question is particularly relevant for non-technological experiments that are typically more place-bound than their technology-oriented counterparts. We argue that non-technological experiments may very well be impactful endeavors, but that knowledge and reflexivity about their contexts are key capacities for realizing their potential. Based on the literature, we define three context dimensions: structural conditions, political-institutional embedding, and imagined eco-social futures. By empirically delving into Graetzlmarie, an impactful governance experiment in Vienna, we show how “navigating context” in all the three dimensions has been a key capacity for the experiment’s success. It enabled adapting practices, self-conceptions, and objectives to specific but varying contexts, herewith ensuring the experiment’s impactful realization. Given the uneven distribution of such knowledge among actors in transformation processes, we discuss what this implies for experimentation. We argue for coordinating actors that serve as knowledge brokers and intermediaries between institutionalized policy and planning and ephemeral micro-interventions to achieve eco-social transformation.
The urban roots of populism: Mapping and explaining populist strongholds within major Italian cities (2013–2022)
Authors: Crulli Mirko , Pinto Gabriele
Published: November 2023

The impact of local contexts on populist voting patterns is receiving more attention, after being initially underestimated in the research literature. Populist support tends to be concentrated in areas ‘left behind’ or ‘that don’t matter’, but we still lack an accurate understanding of (1) the locations of these places within major cities and (2) what characteristics of urban contexts prompt the populist vote. We aim to bridge this gap by analysing precinct-level electoral results of populist parties within six major Italian cities over the 2013–2022 decade. Through novel maps of the within-city populist vote, we identify four types of urban environments: populist strongholds, emerging populist, sporadically populist and never-populist areas. We then investigate how two types of intra-urban factors – compositional and contextual – relate to the formation of populist strongholds and support for populist parties with distinct ideological profiles. The findings improve our comprehension of the urban ‘places of populism’ and highlight the need for the ‘left behind’ thesis to focus more fully on within-city patterns and divides.
Clinical outcomes of modified versus traditional expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A single-institution experience
Authors: Shangguan Zhitao , Chen Gang , Liu Wenge , Li Jiandong
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To compare the surgical outcomes of modified expansive open-door laminoplasty (EOL) (C4-C6) and traditional EOL (C3-C7) in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Methods

One hundred and two CSM patients were retrospectively recruited from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between March 2012 and December 2019. Seventy-one patients with CSM underwent modified EOL, and 31 patients underwent traditional EOL. The primary endpoint was axial symptoms.

Results

Patients who underwent modified EOL had a significantly lower incidence of axial symptoms (odds ratio: 0.273; 95% confidence interval: 0.184-0.691; p = .002). The length of hospital stay ( p = .263), and intraoperative blood loss ( p = .402) were not significantly different between the groups. Significantly more postoperative drainage was observed in patients who underwent modified EOL ( p < .001), while the cost of hospitalization in patients treated with traditional EOL was higher ( p = .011). There were significant differences between modified and traditional EOL for the changes in range of motion ( p < .001), modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score ( p = .001), and the Nurick grade ( p = .014), while the changes of visual analogue scale ( p = .250), and the neck disability index ( p = .134) were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion

This study found modified EOL may decrease the incidence of axial symptoms in patients with CSM compared to traditional EOL.
Community Caring for a Family Member With Brain Injury: Women’s Lived Experiences
Authors: O’Donoghue Cynthia R. , Meixner Cara
Published: November 2023

Individuals with a brain injury often require a caregiver to live safely in a community-based setting. This role typically defaults to a woman family member. Under the auspices of a constructivist interpretive tradition that honors a desire-based approach, this study blended narrative inquiry and grounded theory to explore the lived experiences of women caring for loved ones with brain injury. Twenty women completed the semi-structured interview, electing to participate either via videoconferencing or telephone. Employing a constant comparative method, three consecutive rounds of interviews, coding, and analysis occurred. Findings revealed an overarching theme surrounding the intractable challenges and enduring triumphs of caregiving. This discovery further sub-divided into four themes. Two themes focused on traversing a fragmented system of care and managing the burden of caregiving. The remaining two entailed finding supports in family and friends and leveraging professional skillset(s) to optimize caregiving. The recommendations garnered from the women’s experiences included enhanced caregiver education with follow-up post-medical care, expanding services into the community to support caregivers and their family members appropriately, and building compassionate networks of women living the caregiving experience. Consistent with a desire-based paradigm, leveraging relationships to triumph over the challenges provided this group of women a voice to promote effective care for self, loved ones, and others.
Black Femicides Matter: Conceptualizing the Killings of Black Girls and Women as Structural and Cultural Violence
Authors: Posey Brianne M.
Published: November 2023

Although men of color are disproportionately the victims of violence in the United States, Black women face a substantial risk. This work presents a layered commentary on the growing epidemic of Black femicide. First, hypervisibility and invisibility within institutions is explored. Second, using feminist victimology and intersectionality frameworks, four forms of Black femicide are analyzed: gun violence, intimate partner violence, targeted violence, and institutional violence. Third, topics of missing and insufficient information on Black femicide are probed. Fourth, procedural limitations and recommendations for future works are proposed. This essay seeks to improve discussions surrounding Black femicide in research and practice.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Fitness Levels of Pre-Professional Contemporary Dancers: An Exploration of 2 Dance-Specific Field Tests
Authors: Tiemens Annemiek , van Rijn Rogier M. , Koes Bart W. , Stubbe Janine H.
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

The primary aim of this study was to present descriptive heart rate (HR), heart rate recovery (HRR) and RPE data for the DAFT and HIDT within one sample of contemporary dance students. The second aim was to explore if objective (HR) and subjective (RPE) data were correlated between tests.

Method:

40 (11 males, 29 females) university dance students with a mean age of 18.8 ± 1.8 years performed the DAFT and HIDT on 2 separate occasions within 1 week. Measurements were HR after 4 minutes in all stages of the DAFT, the percentage of age-predicted maximal HR (%HRmax) of all stages of the DAFT and at the end of the HIDT, and peak HR (HRpeak) at the end of both tests. Subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and HR recovery after 1 minute of rest (HRR) were determined after the tests.

Results:

HRpeak of the DAFT and HIDT were 188.1 ± 11.0 and 185.3 ± 7.3 beats·min−1, respectively. There were high positive correlations between HRpeak of the HIDT and stages 3 to 5 of the DAFT (r = 0.716-0.740, all P-values < .01). HRR ( r = .678, P < .01) and %HRmax ( r = .746, P < .01) showed moderate to high correlations between the DAFT and HIDT. The anaerobic training zone was reached in stages 4 and 5 of the DAFT and at the end of the HIDT. The subjective RPE scores did not significantly correlate between DAFT and HIDT, neither with objective HR data.

Conclusion:

Although the DAFT and HIDT differ in intensity and work-to-rest ratio, there were high correlations between HR and HRR data of both tests and both tests reached intensities above the anaerobic threshold (%HRmax > 85%).
Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 Deficiency Exacerbates Methamphetamine-Induced Activation of Microglia and Neuroinflammation
Authors: Peng Yanxia , Yang Genmeng , Wang Shangwen , Lin Wanrong , Zhu Lihua , Dong Wenjuan , Shen Baoyu , Nie Qianyun , Hong Shijun , Li Lihua
Published: November 2023

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant and one of the most widely abused drugs worldwide. The continuous use of METH eventually leads to neurotoxicity and drug addiction. Studies have shown that neurotoxicity is strongly associated with METH-induced neuroinflammation, and microglia are the key drivers of neuroinflammation. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is reported to play a key role in activation of microglia and neuroinflammation. Yet, the molecular mechanisms by which METH causes neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity remain elusive. In the current study, we investigated the role of TREM2 in neuroinflammation induced by METH in BV2 cells and the wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice, CX3CR1GFP/+ transgenic mice, and TREM2 knockout (KO) mice. Postmortem samples from the frontal cortex of humans with a history of METH use were also analyzed to determine the levels of TREM2, TLR4, IBA1, and IL-1β. The expression levels of TREM2, TLR4, IBA1, IL-1β, iNOS, and Arg-1 were then assessed in the BV2 cells and frontal cortex of mice and human METH users. Results revealed that the expression levels of TREM2, TLR4, IBA1, and IL-1β were significantly elevated in METH-using individuals and BV2 cells. Microglia were clearly activated in the frontal cortex of WT C57BL/6 mice and CX3CR1GFP/+ transgenic mice, and the protein levels of IBA1, TREM2, TLR4, and IL-1β were elevated in the METH-induced mouse models. Moreover, TREM2-KO mice showed further increased microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity induced by METH. Thus, these findings suggest that TREM2 may be a target for regulating METH-induced neuroinflammation.
Maud Menten: Pioneering Pediatric-Perinatal Pathologist, Clinician-Scientist, and “the Most Wonderful Human Being in the World”
Authors: Wright James R.
Published: November 2023

Maud Menten was born and raised in remote regions of Canada. She obtained her MB/MD at the University of Toronto (1907/1911) and her PhD in biochemistry at the University of Chicago (1916). From 1907 to 1916, she trained at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, the New York Infirmary for Women and Children, Western Reserve University in Cleveland, the Berlin Municipal Hospital in Germany, and the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital in St Louis. In 1916, she was appointed as pathologist at the Elizabeth Steel Magee Hospital, a charitable maternity hospital in Pittsburgh. She received a faculty appointment at the University of Pittsburgh (1918) and was appointed pathologist at Pittsburgh Children’s Hospital (1926). In addition to being one of the first woman academic pathologists, she was likely the first perinatal, the second pediatric-perinatal, and the fourth pediatric pathologist to practice in North America. The importance of Menten’s overall scientific contributions place her in the very upper echelon of 20th century pathologists. Her enzyme kinetic work resulted in the Michaelis-Menten equation, and her work in George Crile’s laboratory in Cleveland provided a physiological basis for improved surgical outcomes. Her work in Pittsburgh was equally innovative, including initiating the field of enzyme histochemistry.
Metaplastic Carcinoma of the Axillary Breast With Heterologous Mesenchymal (Chondroid) Differentiation: A Difficult Case and Literature Review
Authors: Chang Chun-Ming , Lam Ho Yin Pekkle
Published: November 2023

Metaplastic breast carcinoma is an invasive carcinoma with a high differentiation rate of the neoplastic epithelium toward mesenchymal-like epithelium. It comprises of only less than 1% of all breast cancers. Although 80% to 90% of metaplastic breast carcinomas are triple-negative cancers, they usually have worse outcomes than other triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Metaplastic carcinoma is also often refractory to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Here, we reported a case of a 61-year-old female patient, presenting with a solitary and pedunculated mass in the right axillary tail breast tissue, whose biopsy revealed metaplastic breast carcinoma with chondroid differentiation. She had failed neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Although she received debulking surgery, the tumor regrew even faster before surgery. Despite receiving palliative chemotherapy, the patient died 11 weeks after surgery. This case draws attention to physicians that early recognition and surgery may be more beneficial than chemotherapy in combating metaplastic breast carcinoma.
The assemblages of flagging and de-platforming against marginalised content creators
Authors: Are Carolina
Published: November 2023

This study examines how de-platforming and flagging assemble to replicate offline inequalities, making content creators at the margins vulnerable to both online abuse and censorship on Instagram and TikTok. Highlighting gaps in online harms literature surrounding the misuse of this functionality, this paper frames misused or malicious flagging as online abuse through interviews with users who believed they were de-platformed this way, showcasing this practice’s emotional and financial impact on targets and creating a framework to identify it through users’ gossip.
Sociological Theories to Explain Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Meyer Sarah R. , Hardt Selina , Brambilla Rebecca , Shukla Shruti , Stöckl Heidi
Published: November 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a highly prevalent public health challenge and human rights violation. Sociological theories address social structures to understand prevalence and dynamics of IPV against women. This systematic review aims (1) to identify, describe, categorize, and synthesize sociological theories that account for predictors of IPV against women, and (2) to compare and contrast sociological theories of predictors of IPV against women. Following a structured search of nine electronic databases, members of the review team screened title/abstract and full texts against inclusion and exclusion criteria, to identify studies that engaged with theory/ies of predictors of IPV. Review team members extracted data according to a data extraction template developed for the review. Results are presented using a narrative synthesis approach. Following review of 108 included articles, included articles were grouped into sub-theories. The sub-theories provide differing, yet overlapping, accounts of predictors of male perpetration of IPV and women’s experience of IPV. Sociological theories primarily engage with exo- and macro-system levels of the social-ecological framework, yet some also address structural influences on individual behaviors. This systematic review fills a gap in theoretical syntheses of sociological theories of predictors of male-perpetrated IPV against women and also provides critical analysis of how these theories overlap and intersect. While sociological theories may not be able to fully explain all aspects of dynamics of male-perpetrated IPV against women, this overview indicates that there are several compelling components of sociological theory that hold explanatory power for comprehending how, where, and why IPV occurs.
Worldwide Perinatal Intimate Partner Violence Prevalence and Risk Factors for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dai Xiu , Chu Xiangyuan , Qi Guojia , Yuan Ping , Zhou Yanna , Xiang Henry , Shi Xiuquan
Published: November 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women who have experienced perinatal intimate partner violence (P-IPV) has gradually attracted the attention of psychologists, mental health, and health care professionals. However, a comprehensive understanding of its prevalence and associated risk factors is still lacking. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and explore influencing factors for PTSD in women who have suffered P-IPV. Our study inclusion criteria were: women who experienced IPV in the year before conception, throughout pregnancy, during delivery, and up to 1 year after giving birth for which a quantitative assessment of PTSD was done using validated diagnostic or screening tools. This study searched nine English databases and four Chinese databases. The final analysis included 16 studies, involving 9,098 female subjects. Meta-analysis was performed on the extracted data using the Stata 16.0 software (Stata Corp. LP, College Station, TX, USA).

Fixed or random effect models were selected to pool odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PTSD after heterogeneity test. Meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of PTSD in women who suffered P-IPV was 30.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [22.0%, 37.0%]). Only nine studies described influencing factors for PTSD based on multivariate logistic regression analysis. The five identified influencing factors were: non-immigrants (OR = 2.56; 95% CI [1.29, 5.08]), non-cohabitation (OR = 2.45; [1.35, 4.42]), trauma history (OR = 1.80; [1.18, 2.76]), education below senior high school (OR = 1.32; [0.64, 2.75]), and age 18 to 29 years (OR = 1.06; [0.94, 1.19]). These findings provided a reference value of PTSD prevalence, risk factors, and potential association with P-IPV among women worldwide. However, the geographical coverage of the reviewed studies is limited and epidemiological investigations from more diverse areas are required in the future.
Changes in Caregiver Burden in Older Adults’ Caregivers During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Lee Chang Dae , Kim Hansol , Cooper Rosemarie , Beach Scott R.
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the changes in caregiver burden during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study sample included 827 caregivers for older adults (65+) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) COVID-19 data set. We used paired t-tests to analyze data. The caregivers’ assistance in basic and instrumental activities of daily living for care recipients, as well as the amount of time they provided, increased significantly (all ps < .001) during the pandemic compared with before. Approximately, 40% of caregivers reported changes in the amount of assistance they provided during the pandemic. Financial, emotional, and physical difficulties among caregivers have increased, with emotional difficulties being the most frequently reported. The majority of caregivers reported not utilizing any social services during the pandemic. The pandemic may have heightened the caregiver burden. It is important to ensure that caregivers have access to and utilize social services in a physically and psychologically safe manner.
Preventing Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries in High School Sports Participants: An Executive Summary of the Inaugural Meeting of the National ACL Injury Coalition
Authors: Robbins Laura , Farrey Tom , Janosky Joseph , Minjares Vincent , Mandelbaum Bert R. , Pearle Andrew
Published: November 2023

To address the increasing rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury among young sports participants, the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) and the Aspen Institute convened a meeting of a new national coalition to make ACL injury prevention a fundamental aspect of youth sports. This executive summary outlines the National ACL Injury Coalition’s goals as defined at its inaugural meeting held at HSS on March 27, 2023. Using a theory of change called “collective impact” designed to support collaboration and drive systems-level change, the coalition focused on 4 strategic priorities intended to reduce ACL injury rates in high school sports participants: widespread implementation of interventions (ensuring that student athletes are adequately trained), high-quality education (raising awareness among many stakeholders), equitable access (ensuring that all high school sports participants, regardless of the resources available at their schools, have access to injury prevention resources), and aligning stakeholders (uniting disparate entities—schools, sports clubs, parents, coaches, and others in these efforts). The group outlined short-range, medium-range, and long-range goals over a 3-year period, including the launch of an ACL injury prevention toolkit for use by adolescent sports participants and teams, athletic trainers, coaches, and other key stakeholders.
Leadership in Australia’s early childhood workforce policy: Silences and ambiguities as missed opportunities
Authors: White Marie
Published: November 2023

This paper explores how leadership is addressed within Australia’s National Children’s Education and Care Workforce Strategy (ACECQA, 2021). The Workforce Strategy has been widely welcomed, arriving at a time of unprecedented workforce pressures in the early childhood education and care (ECEC) sector. Yet, on close examination there appears an absence of focus on leaders as a distinct group within the ECEC workforce. Considering leadership is unequivocally central to retaining and sustaining early childhood educators, this absence of focus is noteworthy. First, the paper unpacks what is currently known about ECEC leadership. Then, how leadership in the policies under consideration is constructed as a problem in relation to quality and capability. Next, silences and ambiguities in how the strategy addresses the retention of leaders and their wellbeing is discussed. Ultimately it is argued that we need more understanding of the experiences of leaders as a distinct subset of the ECEC workforce.
Sensor-Assisted Wound Therapy in Plantar Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hochlenert Dirk , Bogoclu Can , Cremanns Kevin , Gierschner Lars , Ludmann Dominik , Mertens Mira , Tromp Timo , Weggen Annika , Otten Hubert
Published: November 2023

Background:

Offloading is the cornerstone of treatment of plantar diabetic foot ulcers. It limits mobility with consequent psychological and cardiovascular side effects, and if devices are removed, healing is delayed.

Methods:

We developed three non-removable techniques with increasing offloading potential (multilayer felt sole, felt-fiberglass sole, or total contact casts with ventral windows) and sensors built within. Smartwatch and web apps displayed pressure, temperature, humidity, and steps. They alerted patients, staff, and a telemedicine center when pressure limits (125 kPa) were exceeded. Patients were advised to walk as much as they had done before the ulcer episode. To evaluate the potential of this intervention, we enrolled 20 ambulatory patients in a randomized clinical trial. The control group used the same offloading and monitoring system, but neither patients nor therapists received any information or warnings.

Results:

Three patients withdrew consent. The median time to healing of ulcers was significantly shorter in the intervention group compared with controls, 40.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 28-not applicable [NA]) versus 266.0 (95% CI = 179-NA) days ( P = .037), and increasing ulcer area was observed less frequently during study visits (7.9% vs 29.7%, P = .033). A reduction of wound area by 50% was reached at a median of 10.2 (95% CI = 7.25-NA) versus 19.1 (95% CI = 13.36-NA) days ( P = .2). Participants walked an average of 1875 (SD = 1590) steps per day in intervention group and 1806 (SD = 1391) in the control group.

Conclusions:

Sensor-assisted wound therapy may allow rapid closure of plantar foot ulcers while maintaining patient’s mobility during ulcer therapy.
Smartphone Apps-Based Health Communication Media Usage among Older Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of System Quality Factors
Authors: Saleh Amiruddin , Wetik Johan David , Sumaedi Sik
Published: November 2023

During covid-19 pandemic, health education was performed by using online media, such as smartphone apps-based health communication media. Furthermore, middle and older individuals, 45 to 60 years old, were categorized as vulnerable during the pandemic. Thus, it was important to study smartphone apps-based health communication media usage of 45 to 60 years old individuals during the pandemic. However, there was no previous research that developed and tested a model of smartphone apps-based health communication media usage of 45 to 60 years old individuals during the pandemic. Given this, this study aimed to develop and test a model of smartphone apps-based health communication media usage of 45 to 60 years old individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, this study aimed to test the effect of system quality factors (ease of use, security, and interactivity), information timeliness, information completeness, information sources trustworthiness, perceived threat of COVID-19, and social environment support on smartphone apps-based health communication media usage. The research was conducted using a cross-sectional design. The data were collected through a survey method in the district and city of Tangerang. The survey locations were chosen due to the location’s internet access and the COVID-19 pandemic problems. The number of samples was 105. The data were analyzed using multiple regressions analysis. The results of the research showed that the smartphone apps-based health communication media usage of the 45 to 60 years old individuals was affected by ease of use, information completeness, social environment support, and perceived threat of COVID-19. However, information timeliness, information source trustworthiness, security, and interactivity were not proven to have a significant impact on the media usage. The managerial and policy implications were identified based on the findings.