bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Characteristics of Spinal Cord Injury in Northwest China: A Single Hospital-based Study
Authors: Wang ZhiMeng , Zou Peng , Yang Jun-Song , Liu Ting-ting , Song Leilei , Lu Yao , Guo Hao , Zhao Yuan-Tin , Liu Tuan-Jiang , Hao Ding-Jun
Published: June 2020

Background : While the cities in China in which spinal cord injury (SCI) studies have been conducted previously are at the forefront of medical care, northwest China is relatively underdeveloped economically, and the epidemiological characteristics of SCI have rarely been reported in this region. Methods : The SCI epidemiological survey software developed was used to analyze the data of patients treated with SCI from 2014 to 2018. The sociodemographic characteristics of patients, including name, age, sex, and occupation, were recorded. The following medical record data, obtained from physical and radiographic examinations, were included in the study: data on the cause of injury, fracture location, associated injuries, and level of injury. Neurological function was evaluated using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale. In addition, the treatment and complications during hospitalization were documented. Results : A total of 3,487 patients with SCI with a mean age of 39.5±11.2 years were identified in this study, the male to female ratio was 2.57:1. The primary cause of SCI was falls (low falls 47.75%, high falls 37.31%), followed by traffic accidents (8.98%) and impact with falling objects (4.39%). Of all patients, 1,786 patients (51.22%) had complications and other injuries. According to the ASIA impairment scale, the numbers of grade A, B, C, and D injuries were 747 (21.42%), 688 (19.73%), 618 (17.72%), and 1434 (41.12%), respectively. During the hospitalization period, a total of 1,341 patients experienced complications, with an percentage of 38.46%. Among all complications, pulmonary infection was the most common (437, 32.59%), followed by hyponatremia (326, 24.31%), bedsores (219, 16.33%), urinary tract infection (168, 12.53%), deep venous thrombosis (157, 11.71%), and others (34, 2.53%). Notably, among 3,487 patients with SCI, only 528 patients (15.14%) received long-term rehabilitation treatment. Conclusion : The incidence of SCI in northwest China was on the rise with higher proportion in males, fall and the MCVs were the primary causes of SCI. The occupations most threatened by SCI are farmers and workers. The investigation and analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of SCI in respiratory complications are important factors leading to death after SCI, especially when the SCI occurs in the cervical spinal cord. Finally, the significance of SCI rehabilitation should be addressed.
Influence of COL9A1 and COL19A1 Polymorphisms on Kaschin-Beck Disease Risk
Authors: He Xue , Zheng Jianwen , Yuan Dongya , Wang Yuhe , He Yongjun , Wang Li , Bai Mei , Jin Tianbo
Published: June 2020

Objective: We aimed to determine whether COL9A1 and COL19A1 polymorphisms were associated with Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) risk. Methods: Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in COL9A1 and COL19A1 were genotyped in 316 KBD patients and 320 healthy controls. The correlation between genetic polymorphisms and KBD risk were assessed using logistic regression models by calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: After adjustment with age and sex, the frequency distributions of genotypes in rs3806093 and rs9346371 were significantly different between cases and controls. COL9A1 rs3806093 significantly increased KBD risk in co-dominant (OR = 14.80, p = 0.024) and recessive (OR = 16.39, p = 0.019) models. Meanwhile, COL9A1 rs555313 was associated with KBD risk in recessive model (OR = 3.80, p = 0.048). However, no strong relationships were observed after false discovery rate correction. In addition, haplotype analysis revealed two blocks (block 1: rs3806093, rs603410 and rs621347; block 2: rs9346371 and rs555313). Conclusion: COL9A1 and COL19A1 polymorphisms were associated with KBD risk in the Chinese Han population, suggesting roles of COL9A1 and COL19A1 in the development of KBD.
A Cross-sectional Study on Zoonotic and Reverse Zoonotic Transmission of Tuberculosis in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Woldemariam Tefera , Mamo Gezahegne , Zewude Aboma , Chanyalew Mahlet , Mohammed Temesgen , Ameni Gobena
Published: June 2020

Background: The zoonotic transmission of tuberculosis (TB) from cattle to humans has long been recognized while its reverse zoonotic transmission from humans to animals has recently been reported. The socioeconomic situations of the rural communities of Ethiopia are conducive for the zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission of TB between cattle and human. The objective of this study was to investigate the zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission TB between humans and cattle central Ethiopia.Methods: To achieve this objective a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1896 cattle slaughtered in two abattoirs and 392 TB suspicious human subjects visiting health institutions for treatment. Post mortem examination, mycobacteriological culture, and spoligotyping were used for the study. In addition, the Spoligotype International Types and VNTR (variable number of DNA tandem repeats) International Types (SITVIT2) database and the online “Run TB-Lineage” were used to identify SIT and lineages of the human and cattle isolates.Results: Gross TB lesion was detected in 4.2% (80/1896) the slaughtered cattle and predominantly (52.5%) found in the thoracic cavity. But culture positivity was only 26.3% (21/80) in suspicious lesions. Of the 21 cattle isolates, 12 (57.2%) were M. bovis while the remaining nine (42.8%) were M. tuberculosis. SIT50, SIT118 and SIT1318 were isolated from both humans and cattle. Similar to the low culture yield in cattle tissues, only 22% (86/392) the sputa from TB suspicious humans were culture positive. These 86 human isolates were classified into 81 M. tuberculosis, three M. africanum and two M. bovis by spoligotyping. The two human M. bovis isolates had the pattern of SB1443, which was not isolated from cattle in this study.Conclusion: The zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmissions of TB were confirmed in Ethiopia by the isolation of two M. bovis from human and isolation of nine M. tuberculosis from cattle, which suggested higher role of M. tuberculosis in cattle compared to the role of M. bovis in humans.
Knockdown of ZNF280A inhibits the development and progression of ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhu Dawei , Gu Xing , Li Li , Chen Xuebing , Huang Jie
Published: June 2020

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of death from gynecological malignancies worldwide. Abnormal expression of zinc finger proteins has been extensively reported to be involved in malignant progression in a variety of cancers. However, clinical significance and biological roles of ZNF280A in the field of OC are poorly known. Methods: In this study, we demonstrated that ZNF280A was highly expressed in OC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Further, ZNF280A was significantly associated with clinical staging, infiltration, lymphatic metastasis, metastasis, and tumor recurrence of OC patients. Additionally, data of in vitro experiments indicated that knockdown of ZNF280A by its shRNA dramatically reduces the proliferation and migration ability of OC cells, while enhancing the cell apoptosis. Results: It was also verified by animal experiments that ZNF280A silencing would affect the growth of OC in vivo. Our study investigated the involvement of ZNF280A in the prognosis, progression and metastasis of OC. Conclusions: Therefore, our study identified ZNF280A as an optional prognostic factor in OC patients and can be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OC.
Impact of straw on pig and pen hygiene in partly slatted flooring systems
Authors: Wallgren Torun , Lundeheim Nils , Gunnarsson Stefan
Published: June 2020

Background: Straw is a beneficial enrichment material for pigs, shown to improve welfare and reduce abnormal behaviour such as tail biting. Straw has previously been identified as one of the means of how to raise pigs without tail docking, through improving natural exploratory behaviour. Straw has however been linked to poor pen hygiene, making farmers reluctant to use straw and has largely not been implemented in commercial farming. Straw is a beneficial enrichment material for pigs, shown to improve welfare and reduce abnormal behaviour such as tail biting. Straw has however been linked to poor pen hygiene, making farmers reluctant to use straw and has not been implemented in many commercial farming.Results: This study investigates the impact of straw on pig and pen hygiene in partly slatted pens in three grower and four finishing pig batches on five commercial farms in Sweden which are providing straw daily. Each batch was divided into two treatments; Control: 50-600g straw/pen/day based on the farm normal straw ration; and Extra straw; (=doubled Control ration). The pens were scored based on cleanliness of the pigs, solid and slatted pen floor every second week. The pig and pen hygiene were mostly scored as clean in both treatments, overall around 1 % of the observations were considered dirty/soiled.Conclusions: As very few pens or pigs were considered dirty, it was concluded that straw provision is possible without risking poor pig and pen hygiene. Few observations in this study were considered dirty regardless of amount of straw that was provided, and had likely to do with other factors in the production rather than straw ration. These results implicates that straw could be used in partly slatted pens in order to improve pig environment.
Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zou Li , Yu Ting , Zhang Yangyang , Dai Lijun , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhang Zhentao
Published: June 2020

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 isspreading all over the world.The main symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough,fatigue, and myalgia. However, there are few reports onolfactoryand gustatory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19.Objective: To investigate the incidence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, in Wuhan, China.Methods:In this retrospective study,we collected 81 confirmed cases of COVID-19 from the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, from February 2020 to March 2020, and analyzed the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations (including olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions), laboratory findings,and comorbidities.Results: A total of 81 confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolledin this study (38 males). The most prevalent symptoms include cough, myalgia, and loss of appetite. On admission, 25 (30.9%) of all patients reported either olfactory dysfunction (OD) or gustatory dysfunction (GD), and 7 (8.6%) reported both OD and GD. 13.6% and 25.9% of allpatients reported OD and GD, respectively. OD and GD were not associated with disease severity. Pearson correlation analysisidentified some factors are positively correlated with OD and GD, including headache or dizziness (r = 0.342, P = 0.002), dark urine (r = 0.256, P = 0.021), IgM titer (r = 0.305, P = 0.01), and diabetes (r = 0.275, P = 0.013). In 81.8% of the cases with OD and 28.6% of the cases with GD, the symptomslasted for at least 1 month after discharge.3.6% of inpatients without OD developed OD after discharge.Conclusion:OD and GDare common in COVID-19.These symptoms appear early during thecourse of disease, and may last for at least 1 month.The incidence of OD and GDisrelated to neurological manifestations, diabetics, and IgM titers.
Distinct Genetic Profiles in Postpartum Depression With Different Trajectory of Illness
Authors: Takahashi Nagahide , Tainaka Hanae , Nishimura Tomoko , Harada Taeko , Okumura Akemi , Choi Damee , Iwabuchi Toshiki , Kuwabara Hitoshi , Takagai Shu , Nomura Yoko , Takei Nori , Tsuchiya Kenji. J
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is a common and highly heritabledisorder in the postnatal period of new mothers. The development of PPD is shown to affectneurodevelopment in children and recent evidence suggests thatthe trajectory of PPDisalso associated with children’s neurodevelopment and mental conditions. Thus, early identification and intervention for individuals at high risk of PPD are urgently needed.Additionally, it is not clear whether genetic factors affect thetrajectory of PPD. Therefore, using a polygenic risk score (PRS) approach, we investigated if PRS for depression (Depression-PRS) and bipolar disorder (Bipolar-PRS) are associated with the development and clinical course of PPD.Methods Usingrecent large genome-wide association studies(GWAS) of depression and bipolar disorder as discovery cohorts, we calculatedDepression-PRS and Bipolar-PRS in each individual. Then, we investigated the possible association between Depression-PRS and Bipolar-PRS with the development andtrajectory of PPD insubjects from the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for mothers and children (n = 136). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Gene-set enrichment analyses were used to identify pathways underlying these conditions. ResultsDepression-PRS was significantly higher in subjects with PPD than in those without PPD(t = -3.283, P = 0.002)and logistic analysis showed that Depression-PRS significantly increases therisk of developing PPD(OR [SE] = 2.274 [0.585], P = 0.002). Furthermore, Depression-PRS was positively associated with continuity of PPD (β [SE]=1.621 [0.672]; P = 0.032).Gene-set enrichment analyses revealed that pathways such as“response to hormone”(β[SE] -2.285[1.002], P < 0.001) and “epigenetic regulation”(β[SE] 2.831 [1.317], P < 0.001) were involved in the continuity of PPD. ConclusionThese preliminary findings indicate that the genetic component plays an important role not only in the development but also inthe continuity of PPD. A polygenic risk score approach could be useful to identify subjects at risk for PPD, especially for persistent PPD,who needcareful monitoring and intervention after delivery.
On the move: Exploring health service providers’ perspectives about family participation in care in Nunavik, a qualitative study.
Authors: Fraser Sarah Louise , Moulin Louise , Gaulin Dominique , Thompson Jennifer
Published: June 2020

BackgroundLiterature on participation in health and social services suggests that youth are difficult to engage within health and social services. Indigenous youth are less likely to access services or to actively participate in decision-making regarding their personal care. This article analyzes health and social service providers’ perspectives, experiences and expectations regarding the roles of a particular group of Indigenous youth, families and community in care settings in Nunavik, Quebec.MethodsA snowball sampling method was used to recruit participants. A total of 58 participants were interviewed including psychiatrists, general practitioners, nurses, social workers, school principals, teachers, student counsellors, representatives of local committees (education committee, health committee), and police officers. Of the 58 participants, 39 were non-Inuit and 19 were Inuit. The interviews focused on three broad themes: 1) participants’ current and past positions/roles; 2) participants’ perceptions of the clientele (youth and their families) they work with; and 3) participants’ understanding of collaborations taking place within and between services (who works with whom) and community. Applied thematic analyses were conducted. The model that we present allows us to describe health service provider expectations and experiences regarding patient and community participation. ResultsWe organize findings around three themes: I) The most commonly described interventions, II) different types of challenges to and within participation; and III) what successful participation can look like according to service providers. Participants speak of the challenges for families to go towards services as well as the challenges for services providers to go towards youth and families, including personal, organisational and historical factors. Conclusion﻿We adopt a critical lens to reflect on the key findings in order to tease out points of tension and paradoxes that might hinder the participation of youth and families. We then use a constructive lens to amalgamate and build on service providers’ descriptions of challenges and successes to identify promising approaches that seem to encourage participation of youth and families.
MicroRNA-210 Modulates Cell Migration and Invasion by Targeting Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 in U87 Glioma Cells
Authors: liu can , Liu Guangyao , Wang Chuang , Liu Guangdong , Li Jianxin , Jin Lijiao , Ma Liqiu , Ren Yanhai , Gong Haidong
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate whether the expression of vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1)was correlated with MicoRNA210 (miR-210) in U87 glioma cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasmid was constructed and transfected into U87 glioma cells.The correlation between VMP1 and miR-210 was observed by the double fluorescence sumei experiment. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of VMP1 at mRNA and protein level, respectively.MTT assay was utilized to examine the effect of miR-210 on cell proliferation and apoptosis.The transwell chamber assay and plate cloning experiments showed the changes in the rate of cell migration and invasion after cells were transfected with miR-210. Computer SPSS 22.0 software was used to perform t-test and analysis of variance on all experimental dat and results were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05. Results: The results of the analysis of double luciferase showed that the relative fluorescence intensity of miR-210 and VMP1 in the co-staining group was significantly lower comparing to other experimental groups(P <0.001).qRT-PCR and Western blotting experiments showed that the expression level of VMP1 in miR-210 group was downregulated (P < 0.05).The MTT assay showed that the cell length curve of the miR-210 group was less comparing to the control group (P < 0.05).Transwell experiments showed that the number of cells in the miR-210 group was significantly reduced (P < 0.01).Plate cloning experiments showed no significant difference in the number of cell colonies between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: VMP1 is a potential target gene of miR-210 in U87 glioma cell line, and provides a new option for molecular targeted therapy of gliomas in the future.
Mid-term results of total hip arthroplasty with modified trochanteric osteotomy in Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Jin Jing Yao , Yoon Taek Rim , Park Kyung Soon , Jin Sheng Yu , Liu Yue Ju , Li Qing Song
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The objective of this study was to explore mid-term clinical results of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) with modified trochanteric osteotomy in Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).Patients and method: Thirteen patients (13 hips) with Crowe type IV DDH who underwent THA used modified trochanteric osteotomy between May 2013 and October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Mean follow-up was 5.2 ± 0.8 years (range, 4.9-6.1 years).Results: Mean Harris Hip Score (HHS) significantly (p < 0.05) improved from 30.7 ± 5.8 (range, 22-38) to 87.5 ± 3.6 (range, 83-93). The mean leg length discrepancy (LLD) was 53.4 ± 9.1 mm (range, 42.1-68.5 mm) preoperatively. The final LLD was 5.6 ± 2.4 mm (range, 2.4-9.1 mm). The mean leg length after surgery was 47.4 ± 10 mm (range, 33.6-67.2 mm). The average duration of bone union for greater trochanter (GT) was 2.5 ± 0.6 months (range, 1.5-3.6 months). There was no infection, GT non-union, or loosening (septic or aseptic) of the stem or cup in any case.Conclusions: THA with modified trochanteric osteotomy with cementless cup is an effective treatment for Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip. It can rebuild complex biomechanics and biology of hip dysplasia without increasing complications.
Does Bisphosphonate Delay Bone Healing After Proximal Femoral Nail Anti-Rotation
Authors: Phruetthiphat Ong-art , Tonvichien Sasawat , Phruetthiphat Suphot , Marsh J. Lawrence
Published: June 2020

BackgroundBisphosphonates are widely used for osteoporotic patients to decrease the rate of osteoporotic fractures and they have been shown to reduce the mortality rate in clinical trials. A yearly intravenous zoledronic acid in a clinical study (The HORIZON-RFT) significantly reduced any new clinical fracture and also secondary prevention of hip fracture while bisphosphonates are known to delay remodeling of bone raising the risk that they may delay fracture healing. However, current studies lack data demonstrating whether bisphosphonate (BPs) delays bone healing after hip fracture treatment in clinical practice. Purpose of study was to determine whether treating elderly patients with Bisphosphonate (BP’s) after proximal femoral nail fixation (PFNA) for intertrochanteric fractures delays fracture healing compared to similar patients not treated with BP’s. A secondary goal was to compare the functional outcome, complications and mortality between the two treatment groups.MethodsOne hundred ninety-six elderly patients underwent PFNA fixation for intertrochanteric fracture between 2015 and 2017 with age > 60 years and minimum 1-year follow-up inclusive of functional scores and complications.Intervention: Surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fracture plus calcium and vitamin D supplementation.Main Outcome Measurements: Time to clinical union and radiographic union (weeks), the functional outcome (Harris Hip Score) and complications including mechanical failure and mortality rate. Setting: Level 1 Trauma CenterResults There were comparable functional class and comorbidity between those with BP’s and not treated BP’s. In addition, there was no different in mortality rate (4.0%% vs 6.6%, p=0.537), time to clinical union (6.0 weeks vs 6.0 weeks, p=0.822), radiographic union (11.8 weeks vs 12.0 weeks, p=0.849), and functional outcome (Harris Hip Score) (74.4 vs 69.9, p=0.177) between two groups.ConclusionsBP’s can be used after surgical treatment of an osteoporotic hip fracture without concern that fracture healing will be delayed.Level of Evidence: Prognostic level III.
Strategies to Handle Increased Demand in the COVID-19 Crisis a Corona Telephone Hotline and a Web-based Self-triage System
Authors: Jensen Theo Walther , Holgersen Mathias Geldermann , Jespersen Mads Seit , Blomberg Stig Nikolaj , Folke Fredrik , Lippert Freddy Knudsen , Christensen Helle Collatz
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIn emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increased need for contact withemergency medical services (EMS), and call volume might surpass capacity. Thus, the Copenhagen EMS in Denmark implemented a separate coronavirus hotline followed by a web-based self-triage system to reduce nonemergency call volume. The aim of this paper is to present the two measures implemented to handle the increased call volume to the Copenhagen EMSfromthose with mild or no relevant COVID-19 symptoms.MethodsThis is a cross sectional observational study monitoring call volume in the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic in accumulated callnumbers, compared to the equivalent numbers during one month from the year before (2019). A coronavirus hotline and web-based self-triage system arepresented in absolute numbers of users.ResultsIn the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic in Copenhagen, emergency medical dispatch centers were extensively overloaded with more than 10.800 calls, resulting in significantly prolonged queue time (mean time in minutes:12:02; CI: 11:55-12:09)) compared to 2019 (mean time in minutes02:23; CI: 02:22-02:25) and thereby limiting access to emergency assistance and triage for citizens. The introduction of the coronavirus hotline showed reduced call volume and queue time to the EMS. The web-based self-triage system was used more than 107.000 times. However, no correlation between call volume and the use of a web-based self-triage systemwas observed.ConclusionsCreating a coronavirus hotlinestaffed by healthcare personnelseemed to have an impact on call volume and potentially relieved the strain in resources, while the web-based self-triage system was widely used and could be further developed to reach itsfull potential. Other EMS organizations can implement these measures to enhance capacity in a future epidemic.
A nuclear transport-related gene signature combined with IDH and 1p/19q better predicts the prognosis of glioma patients
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Lan Yang , Wang Lihong , Ge Jia , Wang Jiao , Liu Feng , He Zhicheng , Zhang Hua , Luo Min , Lin Dandan , Tan Yaoyao , Xu Yuanyuan , Luo Tao
Published: June 2020

Background
The nuclear transport system has been proposed to be indispensable for cell proliferation and invasion in cancers. Prognostic biomarkers and molecular targets in nuclear transport systems have been developed. However, no systematic analysis of genes related to nuclear transport in gliomas has been performed. An integrated prognostic classification involving mutation and nuclear transport gene signatures has not yet been explored.
Methods
In the present study, we analyzed gliomas from a training cohort (TCGA dataset, n = 660) and validation cohort (CGGA dataset, n = 668) to develop a prognostic nuclear transport gene signature and generate an integrated classification system. Then, we developed a nuclear transport-related risk score (NTRS) for gliomas with a training cohort.
Results
Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that glioblastoma (GBM) was mainly enriched in nuclear transport progress compared to lower-grade glioma (LGG). NTRS was significantly correlated with clinical and genetic characteristics, including grade, age, histology, IDH status and 1p/19q codeletion, in the training and validation cohorts. Survival analysis revealed that patients with a higher NTRS exhibited shorter overall survival. NTRS showed better prognostic value compared to classical molecular markers, including IDH status and 1p/19q codeletion. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that NTRS was an independent prognostic factor for gliomas. Enrichment map and Gene Ontology analysis demonstrated that signaling pathways related to the cell cycle were enriched in the NTRSHigh group. Subgroup survival analysis revealed that NTRS could differentiate the outcomes of low- and high-risk patients with wild-type IDH or mutant IDH and 1p/19q noncodeletion.
Conclusions
NTRS is associated with poor outcomes and could be an independent prognostic marker in diffuse gliomas. Prognostic classification combined with IDH mutation, 1p/19q codeletion and NTRS could better predict the survival of glioma patients.
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) accelerated development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/steatohepatitis (NASH) in MS-NASH mice fed western diet supplemented with fructose (WDF)
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Wang Xiaoli , Chung Tzu-Yang , Ye Weiwei , Hodge Lauren , Zhang Likun , Chng Keefe , Xiao Yong-Fu , Wang Yixin
Published: June 2020

Background
Multiple NAFLD/NASH murine models have been developed by obesogenic diets and/or chemical induction. MS-NASH (formally FATZO) mouse is a spontaneously developed dysmetabolic strain that can progress from hepatosteatosis to moderate fibrosis when fed western diet supplemented with 5% fructose (WDF). This study aimed to use carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to accelerate and aggravate progression of NAFLD/NASH in MS-NASH mouse.
Methods
Male MS-NASH mice at 8 weeks of age were fed WDF for the entire study. Starting at 16 weeks of age, CCl4 was intraperitoneally administrated twice weekly at a dose of 0.2 mL/kg for 3 weeks or 0.08 mL/kg for 8 weeks. Obeticholic acid (OCA, 30 mg/kg, QD) was administered in both MS-NASH and C57Bl/6 mice fed WDF and treated with CCl4 (0.08 mL/kg).
Results
WDF enhanced obesity and hepatosteatosis, as well as induced moderate fibrosis in MS-NASH mice similar to that reported previously. Administration of CCl4 accelerated liver fibrosis with increased bridging, but no significant impact on liver steatosis and lipid contents. Compared to the high dose CCl4 at 0.2 mL/kg, the lower dose of 0.08 mL/kg caused less death and smaller elevation of ALT and AST. Compared to MS-NASH mice, C57BI/6 mice with WDF and CCl4 (0.08 mL/kg) resulted in milder hepatosteatosis and fibrosis. OCA treatment significantly lowered liver triglycerides, steatosis and fibrosis in both MS-NASH and C57Bl/6 mice treated with WDF and CCl4.
Conclusions
CCl4 reduced induction time and exacerbated the fibrosis in MS-NASH mice on WDF, which, thus, becomes a superior NASH model with more prominent liver pathology used favorably in pharmaceutical industry for testing novel therapeutics targeting NASH.
Identification of early response to hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy markers in knee osteoarthritis patients by an inflammation-related cytokine array
Authors: Kuo Hsing-Chun , Pan Po-Jung , Wang Jia-Chi , Tsai Chih-Chun
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND/AIMOsteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common forms of arthritis, and hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy has long been used clinically to treat knee OA. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammation-related protein-expression profile characterizing the efficacy of the hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy in knee OA as prognostic markers.METHODSOA patients over the age of 65 were recruited for Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index, knee X ray evaluation and knee joint synovial fluid analysis before and after hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy. The expressions of inflammation-related factors were measured using a novel cytokine antibody array methodology. The cytokine levels were quantified by quantitative protein expression and analyzed by ELISA using the patients’ knee-joint synovial fluid. The WOMAC Index and minimum joint space width prior to receiving the intra-articular injection and at 2-week intervals were compared.RESULTS12 patients who received OA intervention were enrolled and finally a clinical evaluation of 12 knee joints and knee synovial fluid samples were analyzed. In this study, after receiving hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy, the OA patients clearly demonstrated a significant improvement in WOMAC index and increasing tendency in the medial minimum joint space width after intervention. Meanwhile, we observed a significantly associated tendency between the high-glucose treatment of knee OA and the upregulation of MMP2, TIMP-1, EGF, CXCL9 and IL-22. These findings provide knee OA patients receiving hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy, which accompanying with the improvement of knee pain, stiffness, and function and increasing tendency in the medial minimum joint space width.
Clinical effectiveness of percutaneous endoscopic spinal surgery via transforaminal approach for single-level thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Authors: Yu Qingshuai , Yang Junsong , Chu Lei , Shi Lei , Deng Zhongliang , Ke Zhenyong
Published: June 2020

Background

Percutaneous endoscopic spinal surgery (PESS) was performed for a series of cases with single-level thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL). This study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of percutaneous endoscopic spinal surgery via a transforaminal approach for T-OPLL.
Methods

15 patients with thoracic single-level ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL) were admitted to our hospital from October 2016 to October 2019 and treated with percutaneous endoscopic spinal surgery via transforaminal approach. There were 7 males and 8 females with an average age of (56.4 ± 8.4) years (range: 41 to 71 years). Computed tomography (CT) with 3-dimensional reconstruction and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to confirm the vertebral level of T-OPLL. Levels of T-OPLL: T7/T8 in 1 case, T9/T10 in 2 cases, T10/T11 in 6 cases, T11/T12 in 4 cases, and T12/L1 in 2 cases. The surgical index, neurological function, and clinical results were recorded in this study.
Results

All surgeries were successfully completed without any conversion to open surgery, no severe intraoperative complications such as dural sac tear, major vessel or spinal cord injury were reported in our study. The average operation time was 79.1 ± 29.4 min (ranged, 43 to 132 min). The amount of intraoperative blood loss was 62.3 ± 20.8 mL. The lengths of postoperative hospital stays were 4.1 ± 1.1 days. The follow-up rate was 93.3% (14/15). The follow-up time ranged from 13 to 32 months (mean, 20.3 ± 6.3 months). the satisfactory decompression was confirmed by the CT and MRI. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score improved from 5.9 ± 0.7 preoperatively to 2.1 ± 0.9 at the last follow-up (P < 0.001), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) improved from 46.9 ± 4.5 preoperatively to 9.9 ± 8.0 at the last follow-up (P < 0.001). Neurological function was evaluated by Japanese Orthopedic Association 29 (JOA29) score, which significantly improved from 16.0 ± 1.9 to 21.2 ± 1.1 (P < 0.0001). The good and excellent rates were 71.4% according to the modified MacNab criteria. No revision surgery was performed because of the residual nucleus pulposus or recurrent disc herniation.
Conclusion

As a minimally invasive spinal technique, PESS is a clinically feasible, safe and effective alternative approach to conventional procedures in the treatment of single-level T-OPLL.
Influence of Orthodontic Treatment with Premolar Extraction on the Spatial Position of Maxillary Third Molars in Adult Patients: A Retrospective Cone-bean Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Pan Fangwei , Yang Zhentao , Wang Jian , Liu Jialing , Zhang Chenghao , Liao Wen
Published: June 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in position, angulation, and rotation of maxillary third molars in adults after orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction using a space coordinate system based on Cone-bean computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: Forty-nine maxillary third molars from 27 patients (mean age, 20.78 years) were included in the study. CBCT images were obtained before and after orthodontic treatment with premolars extracted (mean treatment duration, 31.47 months). The changes in the position, angulation, and rotation of the third molars were evaluated with a space coordinates system using four landmarks: anterior nasal spine (ANS), posterior nasal spine (PNS), left and right orbitales. Results: After orthodontic treatment, the third molars moved forward (mean, 1.44 mm) (p < 0.001) and downward (mean, 2.87 mm) (p < 0.001) accompanied by outward rotation (mean, 5.38°) of the crown (p = 0.001), but the changes in angulation were insignificant.Conclusions: This was the first study to systematically investigate the spatial position change of maxillary third molars in adult patients who received orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction. During the process, maxillary third molars moved downward and forward accompanied by outward rotation of the crown.
Impact of COVID-19 on UK Foundation Doctors: Training and Safety
Authors: Blackburn Ben , Ferryman James Thomas , Alattas Adla
Published: June 2020

Objective: To survey Foundation doctors on support, training, and guidance received in relation to COVID-19 during the pandemic.Methods: A 24 question digital survey with a mix of open-ended, multiple-choice, and rating-scale questions was distributed to the 18 UK Foundation Schools. Questions established trainee demographics and the quantity of COVID-19 training received; with focused questions relating to personal safety and support for vulnerable individuals.Results: 714 doctors completed the survey; 55% in FY2, 43% in FY1, and 2% above FY2 level. 74% of respondents reported receiving no formal training on COVID-19. Mean confidence was 84% in diagnosing COVID-19, and 56% in managing it. 75% did not receive formal training on the requisite safety precautions for suspected COVID-19 cases. 67% had not been fit tested and 75% of those who failed their fit test were not provided with alternative equipment. 30 doctors reported being pregnant and none had received additional support regarding protective measures. 47 doctors reported being immunocompromised and 42 of them had received no additional support in view of their increased risk. 93% of doctors had not received definitive guidance regarding the impact of this on their ARCP sign-off and progression of training.Discussion: Alarming proportions of Foundation trainees are not currently being provided with formal training or support for their personal safety during the COVID-19 outbreak. This is remediable through the urgent implementation of formal COVID-19 training, standardised across NHS trusts to ensure a consistent standard of care for the protection of trainees and patients.
Outcome and Prognostic Features in Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Without Down Syndrome
Authors: Wang Yu , Lu Aidong , Jia Yueping , Zuo Yingxi , Wu Jun , Zhang Leping
Published: June 2020

Background: Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a biologically heterogeneous subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that originates from megakaryocytes. Despite improvements in the accuracy of diagnosing AMKL as well as increased amount of data available on this rare subtype, clear prognostic factors and treatment recommendations remain undefined.Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 40 patients (age ≤18 years) with non–Down syndrome AMKL and assessed the effect of different prognostic factors on the outcomesResults: The complete remission (CR) rate of the patients was 57.9% and 81.1%, respectively, at the end of induction therapy Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rate at 2 years was 41±13% and 41±10%, respectively. An analysis of the cytogenetic features showed that patients with +21 or hyperdiploid (＞50 chromosomes) had significantly better OS than those in other cytogenetic subgroups (Plog-rank=0.048 and Plog-rank=0.040, respectively). Besides cytogenetics, an excellent early treatment response (CR and minimal residual disease＜1% after induction therapy Ⅰ) also provided a significant survival benefit in univariate analysis in our study. However, multivariate analysis indicated that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was the only independent prognostic marker (RR=11.192; 95 % CI, 2.045-61.241; P=0.005 for OS and RR=5.400; 95 % CI, 1.635-17.832; P=0.006 for EFS, respectively). Conclusion: AMKL in patients with non-Down syndrome has a poor outcome and allo-HSCT may be a better option for post-remission therapy than conventional chemotherapy especially for those having a poor response to induction therapy.
Semiprone Position for Posterior Approaches to Acetabular fractures Allows Intuitive Radiographic Acquisition and Versatility for Surgical Hip Dislocation: A Technical Note and Preliminary Report
Authors: Lee Chia-Che , Chen I-Hsin , Tseng Tzu-Hao , Fu Shau-Huai , Wang Ting-Ming , Lin Wei-Hsin
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAlthough the pros and cons of prone and decubitus positioning methods, for posterior approaches to acetabular fractures, have been widely discussed, it remains inconclusive whether a particular patient position is superior to the other. Here we present our preliminary experience with placing the patient in the semiprone position for posterior approaches to the acetabulum as a potentially advantageous alternative.MethodsTechnical notes were provided as well as the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative images of the demonstrative cases. From July 2018 to April 2020, eight selected patients with complex acetabular fractures were surgically treated through posterior approaches in semiprone position. Patient demographics, fracture pattern, poor prognostic factors and associated conditions were recorded. The quality of fracture reduction was assessed by Modified Matta’s criteria. The operative hip’s function was evaluated by the Modified Merle d’Aubigné-Postel score if follow-up was more than 3 months.Result:The Median age of our cohort was 48.55 years (24.3–70.6). The median body mass index was 23.90 kg/ m2 (17.6–26.4). Satisfactory reduction was achieved in 6 of the 8 patients. Intraoperative radiographs obtained by the standard vertical and horizontal projection of the C-arm machine resembled the classic Judet views. Trochanteric flip osteotomy and surgical hip dislocation were feasible. One hip was converted to total hip replacement 5 months after primary fracture surgery due to femoral head osteonecrosis.Conclusion:The preliminary radiographic and reduction quality of our cohort were comparable to those reported in the literature. The advantages of semiprone position include intuitive intraoperative radiographic acquisition, making gravity as a aid for reduction and feasibility of surgical hip dislocation. Long-term follow-up and further case-controlled or randomized controlled studies are necessary to uphold its value.
Indigenous Knowledge and Application of Ethnomedicinal Plants in Western Himalayas
Authors: Rawat Sushma , Nagar Bhuvnesh , Kumar Munesh , Kunwar Ripu , Pala Nazir A , Bhat Jahangeer , Panuli R M , Bussman Rainer W
Published: June 2020

Background: In the modern era, the practice of herbal medicine for health care practices has been declining and may led to the loss of valuable information about plants used in traditional medicine from ancient times. The present study was aimed to document ethnomedicinal knowledge of plants used by the inhabitants of Garhwal Himalaya for health care management in rural areas and can be base line for the contribution of drug discoveries for Pharmaceutical industries.Methods: A snowball sampling technique was employed to gather information using questionnaires and informal interviews followed by discussions with peer and prominent healer practitioners. Consensus factor (Fic) was used to test the homogeneity in ethnomedicinal knowledge of rural inhabitants. Fidelity level (FL), cultural importance index (CI) were computed for the people depends on plants. Results: A total of 88 medicinal plants species belonging to 45 families with 80 genera were reported for different ailments. The most frequent plant parts usage was from leaves followed by fruits, seeds, roots, bark, and flowers/buds. Skin problems were healed with the highest number of taxa (15 species) with Fic value 0.85. Maximum number of plant species (15 species.) was used for skin treatment followed by wound, cough and digestive problems.Conclusion: A significant relation of medicinal plants usage with distance (access time), and family income was observed. In the recommendation, it might have possibilities for the plants with higher FL and CI can contribute in discovery of new drugs after further pharmacological experiments.
Metabolomics Coupled with Integrated Approach Reveals the Therapeutic Effect of Higenamine Combined with [6]-Gingerol on Doxorubicin - Induced Chronic Heart Failure in Rats
Authors: Wen Jianxia , Ma Xiao , Li Mingjie , Niu Ming , Huang Ying , Hao Junjie , Wang Ruilin , Li Ruisheng , Zhao Yanling , Wang Jian
Published: June 2020

Background The combination of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP) and Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) is one of the most typical representatives reflecting the very essence of the theory of Chinese material medica compatibility, which has been used to treat cardiovascular disease for many years. Previously, we demonstrated that ALRP-ZR prevented doxorubicin (DOX)-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) in vivo. However, its active components are still unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of higenamine combined with [6]-gingerol (HG/[6]-GR) against doxorubicin (DOX) - induced chronic heart failure (CHF) in rats.Methods Therapeutic effects of HG/[6]-GR on hemodynamics indices, serum biochemical indicators, histopathology and TUNEL staining of rats were assessed. Moreover, a UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based serum metabolomic approach coupled with biochemical assay had been performed to identify the potential mechanisms of HG/[6]-GR on DOX-induced CHF. Results HG/[6]-GR had effects on promoting of hemodynamic indices, decreasing serum biochemical indicators, and alleviating histological damage of heart tissue. Serum metabolomics analyses indicated that the therapeutic effects of HG and [6]-GR were mainly associated with the regulation of eight metabolites and twelve pathways, which may be responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of HG/[6]-GR. Moreover, the results showed that HG/[6]-GR could substantially regulate the expression level of energy metabolism-related metabolites and pathways.Conclusions Multivariate statistical analysis has provided new insights for understanding CHF and investigating the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of HG/[6]-GR, which influencing the metabolites related to energy metabolism pathway via metabolomics.
Screening and Authentication of Key Genes and Prognostic Value Analysis in Oligodendroglial Tumors
Authors: Lv Zhonghua , Bao Bongbo , Liang Peng
Published: June 2020

Background: Emerging evidence indicates that various functional genes with altered expression are involved in the human tumor progression. This study is aimed at identifying novel key genes that may be used for oligodendroglial tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. Methods: This study included three expression proﬁles (GSE15824, GSE29796 and GSE108474) obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). GEO2R was used to analyze the diﬀerentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal samples and oligodendroglial tumor, including oligodendroglioma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma. The functional and pathway enrichment analysis was performed by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the identiﬁed DEGs was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Gene, and hub genes were identiﬁed. ONCOMINE and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were used to verify the expression of the hub genes in oligodendroglial tumor tissues and the hub genes on the overall survival of oligodendroglial tumor patients. Results: A total of 128 DEGs were identiﬁed from the three expression proﬁles. These DEGs were enriched with functional processes and pathways related to oligodendroglial tumor pathogenesis. From the PPI network, five hub genes were identiﬁed. The expression of the five hub genes was all upregulated in oligodendroglial tumor tissues compared with the control tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that high expression of cullin 3 (CUL3), cop9 signalosome subunit 8 (COPS8), cullin associated and neddylation dissociated 1 (CAND1), F-box protein 22 (FBXO22), and leucine rich repeat containing 41 (LRRC41) predicted poor overall survival in oligodendroglial tumor patients (all log-rank P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results revealed that the DEGs may serve as candidate key genes during oligodendroglial tumor pathogenesis. The five hub genes, including CUL3, COPS8, CAND1, FBXO22, and LRRC41, may serve as promising prognostic biomarkers in oligodendroglial tumor.