bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERSEPSI WAJIB PAJAK MENGENAI ETIKA ATAS PENGGELAPAN PAJAK (TAX EVASION)
Authors: Hasanah Laela Fadjriyatul , Mutmainah Kurniawati
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh keadilan perpajakan, sistem perpajakan, diskriminasi perpajakan, teknologi dan informasi perpajakan, serta pengetahuan Wajib Pajak terhadap persepsi Wajib Pajak mengenai etika atas penggelapan pajak. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi yang melakukan kegiatan usaha di Kabupaten atau Kota Magelang. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan program SPSS.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keadilan perpajakan, sistem perpajakan, teknologi dan informasi perpajakan, serta pengetahuan Wajib Pajak berpengaruh negatif, sedangkan diskriminasi perpajakan berpengaruh positif terhadap persepsi Wajib Pajak mengenai etika atas penggelapan pajak (tax evasion).
ANALISIS STRATEGI PERENCANAAN DINAS PARIWISATA KABUPATEN WONOSOBO UNTUK MENAIKKAN MINAT BERKUNJUNG DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Kurnia Althaf Farah , Guspul Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Selama pandemi sebagian besar destinasi wisata di Wonosobo yang terpaksa ditutup untuk mencegah penyebaran wabah corona. Realitas ini mengakibatkan penurunan jumlah wisatawan hingga 90% jika dibandingkan dengan pencapaian pada tahun sebelumnya. Kendala yang masih dihadapi dalam pengembangan pariwisata Wonosobo yaitu belum meratanya pembangunan pariwisata serta penurunan kunjungan yang disebabkan dari pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui strategi perencanaan Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Wonosobo di masa pandemi covid-19 dengan analisis SWOT dengan identifikasi IFAS dan EFAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Wonosobo berada dalam Kuadran I yang mendukung strategi agresif, dimana posisi tersebut merupakan situasi yang sangat menguntungkan. Strategi Perencanaan Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Wonosobo memiliki peluang dan kekuatan yang sangat baik sehingga dapat memanfaatkan peluang yang ada.
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT PADA KAMBING BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA FORWARD CHAINING
Authors: Ardianto Wahid , Suwondo Adi , Nulngafan Nulngafan
Published: March 2022

Pemeriksaan penyakit pada kambing tidak dilakukan secara berkala oleh peternak, apalagi jika peternak masih awam dalam beternak kambing, sehingga membuat kambing mudah terserang penyakit. Hal ini membuat peternak kesulitan dalam penanganan dikarenakan terbatasnya pengetahuan. Proses diagnosa penyakit pada kambing harus dilakukan oleh seorang ahli penyakit kambing karena antara jenis penyakit dengan gejalanya memiliki ketidakpastian. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, disini penulis membuat sistem pakar yang mampu mendiagnosis penyakit kambing sebagaimana dilakukan oleh seorang pakar atau ahli penyakit kambing.

Untuk membantu peternak kambing mengetahui penyakit pada kambing ternaknya diperlukan sistem pakar diagnosa penyakit pada kambing. Pada penelitian ini algoritma yang digunakan adalah algoritma forward chaining untuk menganalisa penyakit pada kambing berdasarkan gejala-gejala yang dialami kambing. Berdasarkan hasil uji black box sistem pakar diagnosa penyakit kambing ini sudah berfungsi dengan baik dan sesuai dengan basis perancangan yang dibuat. Sedangkan berdasarkan pengujian langsung ke pengguna sistem ini memperoleh nilai 81,23 % . Dari pengujian yang dilakukan oleh Bapak Sudarsono selaku mantri hewan sistem pakar diagnosa penyakit pada kambing ini dapat digunakan oleh para pemilik ternak untuk mendiagnosa penyakit pada kambing khususnya dikelompok tani mulyo desa mergolangu.
La multiparencia reconocida por repercusión general: significado, problemática y crítica para la decisión dada y sus consectarianos en el ordenamiento jurídico
Authors: Rebelato Daniela Rocegalli , Abreu Eduardo João Gabriel Fleck da Silva
Published: March 2022

Este artículo trata sobre el reconocimiento de la multiparenting por el Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF)[9] en el caso del Recurso Extraordinario nº 898.060/SC, en régimen de repercusión general (Tema 622). En primer lugar, se aborda el concepto de multiparenting. A continuación, se trata del concepto, naturaleza y efectos de la repercusión general. Con base en estas premisas, se analiza el análisis de la sentencia del Recurso Extraordinario nº 898.060/SC, haciendo un acercamiento a los antecedentes del caso y los debates y fundamentos de la decisión dictada por el STF y las tesis de repercusión general establecidas. Se hace una breve exposición y análisis de la recepción de esta decisión por los tribunales inferiores a partir de sentencias posteriores. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis crítico de la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo, analizando si hubo un correcto uso del instituto de repercusión general y de las cuestiones jurídicas creadas o remanentes de dicha sentencia.
ІСТОРИКО-ПРАВОВІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІНСТИТУТУ КОНСТИТУЦІЙНОЇ СКАРГИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Бабак Максим Андрійович
Published: March 2022

Досліджено проблематику реалізації конституційної скарги в зарубіжних країнах та її особливості й подальші перспективи розвитку в Україні. Визначено історичний досвід становлення інституту конституційної скарги та його функціонування в Україні, який, на думку автора, походить з часів встановлення правової системи Української Народної Республіки. Надано аналіз розвитку конституційного судочинства та такому інструменту, як конституційне звернення, яке, на думку автора, не відповідає вимогам сьогодення в сфері захисту людських прав. Сформульовано основну правову характеристику інституту конституційної скарги як індивідуалістичної форми захисту людських прав, розкрито основні передумови впровадження цього інституту в Україні. Визначено, що вітчизняна модель інституту конституційної скарги здебільшого спрямована на забезпечення людських прав від свавільного втручання, забезпечення приписів Конституції України щодо неможливості їх скасування або звуження змісту та обсягу під час прийняття нових законів або внесення змін до чинних законів. Надано правові висновки, що інститут конституційної скарги в Україні створений за зразками зарубіжних країн та має національні особливості, які характерні для судочинства. Здійснено теоретико-правове узагальнення історичних аспектів інституту конституційної скарги, внаслідок чого виокремлено деякі проблеми діяльності такого інституту, виходячи із практики зарубіжних країн Європейського союзу. З огляду на результати логіко-правового аналізу чинних нормативно-правових актів України, які регламентують діяльність інституту конституційної скарги, автором подається низька практичних пропозицій щодо вдосконалення української моделі конституційної скарги, зокрема, в площині реалізації права громадян на подання такої скарги як способу захисту.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ПЛАНУВАННЯ ТА ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ СУДОВИХ ЕКСПЕРТНИХ ТОВАРОЗНАВЧИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ
Authors: Косторна Оксана , Зуєва Олена
Published: March 2022

У статті представлено результати опрацювання наукової літератури з питань проведення судової товарознавчої експертизи. Виявлено окремі практичні проблеми, які можуть зменшувати достовірність та об’єктивність експертного висновку. Однією з проблем на етапі планування товарознавчого дослідження є слабка аргументаційна та фактологічна база, сформована у клопотаннях про проведення експертизи. Подолання цього недоліку можливе через реалізацію права судових експертів на заявлення клопотання про надання додаткових матеріалів, що зумовлює збільшення терміну проведення експертизи (до 45 днів). Проблеми здійснення товарознавчих досліджень пов’язані з необхідністю обґрунтування бази для порівняння ринкових ціни на аналогічний товар, яка виникає через розширення ринкового асортименту товарів широкого вжитку, виготовлених малими виробниками (або в результаті індивідуального виробництва).
Mengasah Kecerdasan Spiritual Melalui Aktivitas Berdoa pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Hafidz Nur , Rachmy Raden Diana
Published: March 2022

Every human being often experiences failure, social jealousy, and high emotions. The concept of spiritualism invites self-peace and brings meaningful values. The attitude of spiritual intelligence is a form of self-awareness in a better human life. So from an early age, spiritual intelligence must be honed. This is because early childhood is active in the aspect of growth and development through response and stimulation. This study aims to get an idea of ​​how to hone the spiritual intelligence of early childhood through prayer activities in early childhood. This research approach is descriptive qualitative in the online and offline interview and observation methods for teachers and children at TPQ Nurul Hidayah Wadas Kelir Karangklesem Purwokerto Selatan The subjects in this study were children aged 4-6 years as many as 10 children. Consists of 6 boys and 4 girls. As a result, prayer activities can hone children's spiritual intelligence in the form of good behavior, have a conscience, have positive thinking skills, have skills, and have achievements. Seeing the achievement of children's success with cooperation between teachers and parents in prayer activities. So there is a habit that children continue to learn about religion by looking at the pattern of daily prayer activities.

 

Setiap manusia sering mengalami kegagalan, kecemburuan sosial, dan emosi tinggi. Konsep spiritualisme mengajak kedamaian diri dan membawa nilai yang bermakna. Sikap kecerdasan spiritual menjadi salah satu bentuk menyadarkan diri dalam kehidupan manusia yang lebih baik. Oleh karena itu, kecerdasan spiritual harus diasah sejak usia dini. Hal tersebut karena aspek tumbuh kembang anak usia dini sedang aktif melalui respon dan rangsangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang cara mengasah kecerdasan spiritual anak usia dini melalui aktivitas berdoa. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dalam metode wawancara dan observasi secara online dan offline pada  guru dan anak-anak di TPQ Nurul Hidayah Wadas Kelir Karangklesem Purwokerto Selatan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak usia 4−6 tahun sebanyak 10 anak. Terdiri 6 anak laki-laki dan 4 anak perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas berdoa dapat mengasah kecerdasan spiritual anak berupa sikap perilaku baik, memiliki keyakinan hati nurani, kemampuan berpikir positif, dan memiliki keterampilan, serta berprestasi. Melihat capaian keberhasilan anak dengan kerja  sama antara guru dan orang tua dalam kegiatan aktivitas berdoa. Maka ada suatu kebiasaan yang terus menerus anak dalam belajar agama dengan melihat pola aktivitas berdoa setiap harinya.
Pasang ri Kajang: Tradisi Lisan Masyarakat Adat Ammatoa Suku Kajang dalam Pembentukan Karakter Konservasi
Authors: Ichwan Muhammad , Reskiani Ulfa , Indah Ayu Lestari , Fitri Makmur A. Nurul Ainun , Djafar Eka Merdekawati
Published: March 2022

This study aims to reveal the role of Pasang ri Kajang as the main element in growing the character of the Ammatoa indigenous people of the Kajang Tribe. The method used in this study is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Based on the results of the study, Pasang ri Kajang for the Ammatoa indigenous people of the Kajang tribe is an existence that is mandatory to be obeyed. They also teach about Pasang from a young age and the first lesson taught is tabe '(courtesy). The purpose of this courtesy is not only shown to humans, but also nature.

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan peran Pasang ri Kajang sebagai elemen utama dalam menumbuhkan karakter masyarakat adat Ammatoa Suku Kajang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan gabungan antara pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Pasang ri Kajang bagi masyarakat adat Ammatoa Suku Kajang merupakan keberadaan yang bersifat wajib untuk ditaati. Mereka juga mengajarkan mengenai Pasang sedari kecil dan pelajaran pertama yang diajarkan adalah tabe’ (sopan santun) maksud dari sopan santun ini tidak hanya ditunjukkan kepada manusia, namun juga kepada alam.
Tolak Bala Pandemi Virus Corona pada Masyarakat Melayu di Desa Rawak Kabupaten Sekadau Kalimatan Barat
Authors: Karmila Karmila , Darmawan Diaz Restu , Efriani Efriani
Published: March 2022

The tradition of Tolak Bala from the Malay community in Rawak Village, Sekadau Hulu District, Sekadau Regency is still often carried out even though they are already predominantly Muslim. The Tolak Bala tradition is a religious syncretism, where in the ritual can be found elements of Islam, as well as animist beliefs and dynamism. This study aims to determine and describe the function of the Tolak Bala ritual in relation to the Corona virus pandemic. The method used in this study is a qualitative method and data collection techniques using observation and interviews. The findings of this study have shown that the Tolak Bala ritual has changed in meaning because knowledge and mindsets about religion in the people of Rawak Village have become more advanced. They began to believe that the Tolak Bala ritual process carried out in ancient times was contrary to religious law or Islamic law. In the past, the ritual process of Tolak Bala ritual carried out with animistic worship, while nowadays it is carried out by praying to Allah SWT.

 

Tradisi tolak bala masyarakat Melayu di Desa Rawak Kecamatan Sekadau Hulu Kabupaten Sekadau masih sering dilakukan meskipun mereka sudah mayoritas beragama Islam. Tradisi tolak bala ini merupakan sinkretisme agama yang dalam ritual tersebut dapat ditemukan unsur-unsur Islam, serta kepercayaan animisme dan dinamisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui serta mendeskripsikan fungsi dari ritual tolak bala dalam hubunganya dengan pandemi virus corona. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif serta teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Temuan penelitian ini telah menunjukkan bahwa ritual tolak bala mengalami perubahan makna karena pengetahuan dan pola pikir tentang agama pada masyarakat di Desa Rawak sudah semakin maju. Mereka mulai meyakini bahwa proses ritual yang dilakukan pada zaman dahulu itu bertentangan dengan hukum agama atau syariat Islam. Pada zaman dulu proses ritual tolak bala dilakukan dengan pemujaan secara animism, sedangkan zaman sekarang dilakukan dengan proses berdoa kepada Allah Swt.
Fungsi Kesantunan Tindak Direktif Guru Taman Kanak-Kanak dalam Interaksi Pembelajaran
Authors: Ulfah Anisa
Published: March 2022

Tindak direktif merupakan salah satu tindak tutur yang harus disampaikan guru taman kanak-kanak (TK) dengan bahasa yang empatik, efektif, dan santun selama interaksi pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan fungsi kesantunan tindak direktif guru TK dalam interaksi pembelajaran. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan kajian sosiopragmatik. Data penelitian berupa bentuk dan strategi tuturan guru TK dalam interaksi pembelajaran yang mengandung tindak direktif. Berdasarkan analisis data didapatkan hasil penelitian bahwa kesantunan tindak direktif guru TK memiliki beberapa fungsi, yaitu (1) menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter, agama, moral, dan sosial, (2) menjalin hubungan yang harmonis, (3) mencapai tujuan pembelajaran, dan (4) membudayakan bertutur santun.

 

The directive act is one of the speech acts that must be conveyed by the kindergarten teacher in empathic, effective, and polite language during learning interactions. This study aims to describe the function of the directive act of Kindergarten teachers in learning interactions. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach using a sociopragmatic study. The research data is in the form of forms and speech strategies of kindergarten teachers in learning interactions that contain directive acts. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the politeness of the directive acts of kindergarten teachers has several functions, namely (1) instilling character, religion, moral, and social values, (2) establishing harmonious relationships, (3) achieving learning objectives, and (4) cultivating speech.
The Role of Principles of Jurisprudence (Usul Al-Fiqih) in Activation of Islamic Economy
Authors: Abdul Majid Alani Usama
Published: March 2022

تتمثل مشكلة البحث في وجود مستجدات اقتصادية متنوعة ومشتقات مالية مستحدثة ومتغيرة تحتاج إلى رأي الشارع الحكيم، مما يبرر الحاجة إلى وجود عالم الاقتصاد الإسلامي المتسلح بمجموعة من الأسلحة الشرعية منها أصول الفقه أساسا. لذا فإن البحث يهدف إلى دراسة العلاقة مابين علم أصول الفقه كضابط لفقه الواقع ومابين النظرية الاقتصادية الإسلامية بكل مستجداتها وتنوع فروعها. منطلقين من فرضية فحواها لا بد للاقتصاد الإسلامي من ضوابط كي يجابه متغيرات العصر، قد يكون أبرزها علم أصول الفقه. ولتحقيق هدف البحث وإثبات فرضيته، فقد قسم البحث إلى مبحثين، تناول الأول: مقاربة بين علم أصول الفقه وعلم الاقتصاد الإسلامي، أما المبحث الثاني فقد تطرق إلى محاولة معرفة حدود العلاقة مابين علم أصول الفقه وعلم الاقتصاد الإسلامي.
Activating Waqf in the Sectors of Real Economy
Authors: Mohammad Hasan Al-Baghdady Mohammad Said
Published: March 2022

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تفعيل دور مؤسسة الوقف في دعم الاقتصاد الحقيقي وتنميته؛ من خلال بيان كيفية تفعيل دور كلٍّ من قطاعي الزراعة والصناعة الوقفيين بتسليط الضوء على أبرز وأهم الصيغ التي من خلالها تقوم مؤسسة الوقف بدعم الاقتصاد الحقيقي وتنميته، وبيان كيفية تفعيل دور القطاع الخدمي الوقفي في توفير البنية التحتية والعقول والأيدي العاملة القوية الصحيحة التي تُعتبر أساسًا ومنطلقًا للتنمية الاقتصادية الحقيقية، وذلك من أجل لفت نظر الدول إلى الاهتمام بالمؤسسات الوقفية؛ لتخفف عنها الأعباء الملقاة على عاتقها، كما يهدف البحث إلى تقديم الاقتراحات والتوصيات الملائمة. وقد اعتمد البحث على المنهج الاستقرائي والوصفي. وخلص البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج، من أهمها أنه يمكن تفعيل الوقف في القطاع الزراعي عن طريق الاستثمار المباشر من قبل إدارة الوقف أو الاستثمار غير المباشر من خلال عدد من العقود، منها: الإجارة، والمزارعة، والمساقاة، والمغارسة، وإنشاء الشراكات، والسَّلَم، والحكر. وأنه يمكن تفعيل الوقف في تنمية القطاع الصناعي من خلال عدد من الصيغ والعقود، منها: الاستثمار الذاتي، والإجارة، والمشاركة المتناقصة المنتهية بالتمليك، والإسهام في شركات الإنتاج، وإنشاء شركات وقفية إنتاجية، والمرابحة للآمر بالشراء، والسلم، والاستصناع. وأنه يمكن تفعيل الوقف في القطاع الخدمي من خلال ثلاث صيغ، هي: الوقف الخدمي الاستغلالي، والوقف الخدمي الاستثماري، والوقف الخدمي الاستغلالي الاستثماري. ويوصي البحث بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات التي تساعد على دعم الاقتصاد الحقيقي وتنميته من خلال مؤسسة الوقف.
Evaluation of an Open-source Chemical Process Simulator Using a Plant-wide Oil and Gas Separation Plant Flowsheet Model as Basis
Authors: Andreasen Anders
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a detailed evaluation of the open source process simulator DWSIM is presented. Using a previously published simulation model of an oil and gas separation plant, the results obtained with DWSIM are compared to a commercial process simulator widely used in the industry. The modelled flow scheme comprises a vast number of unit operations including separators (flash vessels), valves, splitters, mixers, compressors, heat exchangers, pumps and recycles (tear streams). The results obtained with DWSIM both for characterization of the inlet fluid as well as for a single operating state for the entire process, compare very well with the data obtained using a commercial tool. A rigorous comparison is made and generally, compared results are within 1% in deviation with a few exceptions. Further, an elaborate comparison is made for over 90 simulations with different settings where 10 independent variables are randomly varied over a wide range. Again, good agreement is found between the two tools. The results are very encouraging and provide fidelity in the use of the investigated open source process simulation tools in a professional environment.
Identifikasi Senyawa Penyusun Produk Cair Hasil Pirolisis Aspal Alam dari Lawele Kabupaten Buton
Authors: Musta Rustam , Ibrahim Muh. Siddik , Nurliana Laily
Published: March 2022

Identification of Liquid Product Compounds from Natural Asphalt Pyrolysis from Lawele, Buton Regency has been carried out. This research is intended toidentify the content of the compounds contained in the liquid fraction from the pyrolysis of Lawele's natural asphalt. This is a research experimentwith natural asphalt material was simply pyrolyzed at a temperature of 350oC with a little vacuum. The resulting liquid products were analyzed using the GC-MS instrument and analysis showed that there were 24 compounds contained in the liquid fraction resulting from the pyrolysis of Lawele asphalt with 2 main components, namely Phenol (C6H6O) of 16.45% and acetic acid (C2H4O2) of 12.47%. Another important product is alkane derivatives, namely Undekane (C11H24) and cyclo-octene (C8H14) which can be used as fuel.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Android Untuk Memfasilitasi Kebutuhan Pembelajaran Multiple Representation
Authors: Eka Setiawan Nur Candra , Sulistina Oktavia , Habiddin Habiddin , Pavita Rucira
Published: March 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic, learning is done online. Many students experience difficulties and decreased learning achievement while carrying out online learning. The reaction rate practicum learning media used at the high school level does not yet represent macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic chemical concepts and has not been adapted to online learning. Multiple chemical representations can be applied using android-based learning media so that students are expected to understand the concepts in the reaction rate practicum. Android-based learning media is used to support the learning process. The purpose of developing android-based learning media on the reaction rate practicum concept is to produce android-based learning media and determine its feasibility. The development model used is the 4-D model by Thiagarajan, et al. The product developed in the form of an android-based reaction rate practicum learning media for students at senior high school. Based on the validation results indicate that the module is very feasible to use by meeting the percentage of 88.8%. The results of the readability test on the module obtained a percentage of 84.5%, so based on this assessment the module is very suitable for students to use as a learning resource and learning process in the classroom.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Kontekstual Terintegrasi Augmented Reality untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Mashami Ratna Azizah , Khaeruman Khaeruman , Ahmadi Ahmadi
Published: March 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 membuat sistem pembelajaran di kelas menjadi terbatas sehingga siswa dituntut untuk belajar lebih mandiri. Akan tetapi, sumber belajar memadai yang mendukung kemandirian belajar kimia di SMAN 1 Batulayar masih sangat kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul pembelajaran kontekstual terintegrasi Augmented Reality untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi ikatan kimia. Penelitian ini termasuk metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan. Tahapan penelitian mengikuti desain pengembangan model ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahap, yaitu analisis (Analysis), desain (Design), pengembangan (Development), penerapan (Implementation), dan evaluasi (Evaluation). Subyek penelitian adalah siswa SMAN 1 Batulayar yang berjumlah 40 orang. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah angket dan tes uraian. Data kelayakan modul dan tanggapan siswa diperoleh dari angket lalu dianalisis berdasarkan persentase, sedangkan data keterampilan berpikir kritis didapatkan dari tes uraian lalu dianalisis menggunakan paired sample t-test dan skor gain ternormalisasi (N-gain). Adapun hasil penelitian ini antara lain: 1) modul dinyatakan sangat layak dengan rerata skor 90%, 2) modul dapat meningkatkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai signifikan 0,00 pada taraf kepercayaan 95% dan skor N-gain 58% dengan kategori sedang, dan 3) siswa memberikan tanggapan sangat baik terhadap proses pembelajaran menggunakan modul. Dengan demikian, modul pembelajaran kontekstual terintegrasi augmented reality telah berhasil dikembangkan.
Ecological significance of entomofauna and main factors of loss of its biodiversity
Authors: Mostoviak S. , Mostoviak I.
Published: March 2022

Analysis of modern domestic and world scientific sources concerning ecological significance of the entomofauna of agroecosystems was presented and the main factors that cause the loss of species diversity of insects were identified in the article. Biodiversity loss, including entomofauna caused by anthropogenic activity and climate changes over the last 100 years is unprecedented in human history. More than 40% of insect species are extinct, and a third is endangered. According to more optimistic data, the total mass of insects decreases by 2.5% annually, that indicates a high probability of extinction within a century. Habitat degradation, agricultural intensification, climate change and invasive species were identified as major factors of the global loss of entomofauna biodiversity. Habitat degradation as a direct consequence of the expansion and intensification of agricultural production leads not only to the homogenization of ecosystems, but also to an increase in the use of pesticides and agrochemicals that have a negative impact on biodiversity and ecological state of the natural environment. Climate changes, in particular, rising temperatures, affect the life cycle of insects and their geographical distribution, and invasive species change the functioning of ecosystems, displacing local fauna. Climate changes can affect phytophagous insects in several ways: lead to expanding of their geographical distribution, increase winter survival, increase the number of generations, change the interaction between plants and pests, change interspecific interaction, increase the risk of invading migratory pests, increase in plant attack by pathogens passed by insects, reduction the efficiency of biological control, especially natural enemies.
Assessment of the Citizens’ Perspectives on the COVID-19 Vaccination Process Which Are Ranked Last in The Vaccination Groups: Qualitative Reports from Turkey in the Early Stages of the Vaccination Process
Authors: Aydin Abdulkadir , Akgunes Hamza Ali , Etcioglu Erkut , Aydin Muhammet Rasit
Published: March 2022

Aim: To evaluate the perspectives of the citizens ranking last in COVID-19 vaccination groups in terms of the vaccination process.

Methods: In-depth interviews were carried out with the participants using the video conferencing method. Twenty-eight video conferencing interviews were conducted with citizens who ranked last in the vaccination groups. With the permission of the participants, an audio recording was obtained in all interviews, transcribed verbatim, and checked. A thematic approach was used to analyze the data. Data were collected until saturated.

Results: The findings were summarized into three main categories. The first was “Satisfaction.” Participants expressed their satisfaction with process management, home vaccinations, and continuous information. The second theme was "Dissatisfaction.” Some participants expressed their dissatisfaction with the prioritization of elderly people in vaccination and late vaccination of actively working individuals. The third theme was "Reservations." Participants stated that they have reservations regarding a possible complacency in society after vaccinations and a delay in the vaccination of non-prioritized groups. In general, participants stated that they were satisfied with the supply of vaccines and performance. However, actively working individuals think that they should have priority over the elderly in vaccination.

Conclusion: To ensure full compliance with the vaccine administration, it is necessary to enlighten all individuals, especially those ranking last in the vaccination groups, about the prioritization process and which variables are considered important.

Keywords: COVID-19, qualitative, vaccination, family practice
Conservation Agriculture Benefits Indian Farmers, but Technology Targeting Needed for Greater Impacts
Authors: Krishna Vijesh V. , Keil Alwin , Jain Meha , Zhou Weiqi , Jose Monish , Surendran-Padmaja Subash , Barba-Escoto Luis , Balwinder-Singh  , Jat M. L. , Erenstein Olaf
Published: March 2022

Rice and wheat production in the intensive, irrigated farming systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) is associated with significant negative environmental and health externalities. Conservation Agriculture (CA) has the potential to curb some of these externalities while enhancing farm income. However, farmer adoption of CA remains modest in the Indian IGP. The present study focuses on the constraints to adopting the major CA component, zero tillage (ZT). We examine whether ZT wheat is feasible for smallholders and the potential of technology targeting to realize faster and wider diffusion. Econometric models and machine learning algorithms were used to analyze remote sensing data and farm household data collected from the Indian states of Punjab and Bihar, two contrasting agrarian economies of the IGP. While farmer adoption was low among smallholders (owning <2 ha of land), the on-farm effects of ZT on variable cost reduction and yield and profit enhancement for smallholders are comparable to large farmers. We estimate the economic potential of technology targeting using an equilibrium displacement model. In the relatively developed state of Punjab, technology targeting based on landholding size does not appear to add substantive economic benefits. In Bihar, a less prosperous state with a dominance of smallholders in the population, technology targeting could markedly enhance economic surplus and reduce rural poverty.
Findings of in vitro Analyses of Basophil Functions May Help Us Better Understand Drug Desensitization
Authors: Yamaguchi Masao , Komiya Akiko , Suzukawa Maho , Koketsu Rikiya , Shiragami Risa , Iikura Motoyasu , Nagase Hiroyuki
Published: March 2022

Drug hypersensitivity can be an important problem during pharmacological management of various diseases. Patients diagnosed as having a drug allergy usually need to avoid the offending drug, either temporarily or for life. Another way of overcoming a drug allergy is to establish desensitization using the allergen drug itself. We previously investigated in vitro desensitization of human basophils using a subthreshold dose of an IgE-crosslinking reagent. We found that basophil desensitization occurred in a dose-dependent manner over a period of one to several hours. We think that inducible basophil desensitization occurring without histamine release may explain, at least in part, the clinical features of drug desensitization in type 1 drug allergy.
Conceptual Blending Across Ontological Domains—References to Time and Space in Motion Events by Tunisian Arabic Speakers of L2 German
Authors: Gerwien Johannes , von Stutterheim Christiane
Published: March 2022

Patterns of information selection and verbal encoding may rely on an interdependence between the spatial and temporal conceptual domain in the context of motion events. This has been shown, e.g., for Tunisian Arabic (TA), a language with a highly differentiated aspectual system. We address the question whether this interdependence can also be observed when L1 speakers of TA describe motion events in their L2 German, a language without grammaticalized aspect. Data obtained in an unscripted language production experiment in which L1 and highly advanced L2 speakers of German describe videos showing different types of motion events (one type showing boundary crossing at a goal likea woman entering a supermarket, the other type showing motion along a path with no evident goal such asa car driving along a road)suggest that this is indeed the case. The L2 speakers deviate systematically from the L1 speakers of German in the information they select for verbal encoding, but show clearly similar patterns to those used when describing the same scenes in the L1 (TA). The differences can be interpreted as pointing to the high relevance attributed to the temporal dimension of the events shown in the videos by the L2 speakers. The results are placed in the theoretical framework of schema theory. The findings for Arabic speakers of L2 German can be explained by assuming that the same event schema is activated in the context of L2 use as in the context of L1 use.
Quantitative Study on Morphological Characteristics of Barchan Dunes in Yamarak Desert, China
Authors: Guang-Pu Jia , Guang Yang , Xue-Ying Han , He-Jun Zuo , Yun-Feng Yao
Published: March 2022

Although scholars have conducted many studies on barchan dunes in deserts and sandy areas around the world, few studies have been conducted on the morphological characteristics and changes in movement patterns of barchan dunes in the Yamarak Desert, China. To assess the changes in and movement patterns of these dunes, As well as the impact on the wind-sand hazards and geohazards around the study area, we selected several typical barchan dunes of different sizes in the Yamarak Desert and measured and calculated their morphologies using a combination of a 3-D laser scanner (RIEGL VZ-2000) and remote sensing image interpretation. The results show that the average coverage of the barchan dunes in the Yamarak Desert was 37.19%. Moreover, 62.81% of this area was covered by interdune sites. The movement velocity of the barchan dunes in this study area was 0–20 m/a, with an average movement velocity of 8.45 m/a. Of these dunes, 44.18% were fast-dominated dunes, 37.20% were particularly fast-dominated dunes, and 18.62% were moderately fast-dominated dunes. The barchan dunes moved in the 95–130° direction, which was basically consistent with the main wind direction of the area. The determination and function fitting of the barchan dune morphology shows that the correlation coefficients between all of the morphological parameters are greater than 0.8, except for the degree of spread and the symmetry of the two wings. We suggest adding the influences of other factors affecting barchan dunes and dune chains in the Yamarak Desert in future studies and paying attention to new wind-sand hazards and geohazards in the downwind corridor.
How to Use Artificial Intelligence to Improve Entrepreneurial Attitude in Business Simulation Games: Implications From a Quasi-Experiment
Authors: Chen Jiachun , Chen Yuxuan , Ou Ruiqiu , Wang Jingan , Chen Quan
Published: March 2022

Business simulation games (BSGs) have been widely used in entrepreneurship education with positive effects. However, there are still some deficiencies in the BSGs, such as limited guidance, low uncertainty and limited simulation environment, which make it impossible to exert the maximum effect. Artificial intelligence (AI) can solve the above shortcomings. The combination of AI and BSGs is the possible development direction of BSGs. But how to effectively combine BSGs with AI is still an open question. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to analyze how participants’ entrepreneurial attitude changes in BSGs. The results show that BSGs can effectively improve entrepreneurial attitude, and there are four types of promotion configurations. These four configurations consist of five antecedent conditions. According to the above conclusions, AI can improve entrepreneurial attitude in BSGs in various ways, such as simulating competitors, providing targeted feedback for failures, and improving game experience. The contribution of this paper is to highlight the possibility of combining AI with BSGs, and to provide suggestions on how AI can intervene in BSGs.
Methods for Remit Voltage Reversal of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Xiong Zi’ang , Wen Bo , Banham Dustin , Chan Siew Hwa , Xie Zhiyong , Liang Yili , Liao Shijun
Published: March 2022

In the commercialization of the hydrogen fuel cell for the transportation sector, one of the main factors affecting the lifespan of the fuel cell is voltage reversal, especially when the anode of the fuel cell is subject to fuel starvation momentarily during the operation. In this article, mitigation methods for voltage reversal are summarized in three parts, namely, the catalyst approaches, the MEA design approaches, the stack and system strategies approaches, which include the application of a highly active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst or durable catalyst support in the anode, employing a protective layer for the catalyst layer or optimizing the formula of the catalyst layer or employing a durable GDL, or optimization of stack design or system operation strategies.
HLA-DRB1 and –DQB1 Alleles, Haplotypes and Genotypes in Emirati Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Underscores the Benefits of Evaluating Understudied Populations
Authors: Al Yafei Zain , Mack Steven J. , Alvares Marion , Ali Bassam R. , Afandi Bachar , Beshyah Salem A. , Sharma Charu , Osman Wael , Mirghani Rajaa , Nasr Amre , Al Remithi Sareea , Al Jubeh Jamal , Almawi Wasim Y. , AlKaabi Juma , ElGhazali Gehad
Published: March 2022

Background: HLA class II (DR and DQ) alleles and antigens have historically shown strong genetic predisposition to type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study evaluated the association of DRB1 and DQB1 alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes with T1D in United Arab Emirates.

Materials and Methods: Study subjects comprised 149 patients with T1D, and 147 normoglycemic control subjects. Cases and controls were Emiratis and were HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 genotyped using sequence-based typing. Statistical analysis was performed using Bridging Immunogenomic Data-Analysis Workflow Gaps R package.

Results: In total, 15 DRB1 and 9 DQB1 alleles were identified in the study subjects, of which the association of DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:02, DRB1*11:01, DRB1*16:02, and DQB1*02:01, DQB1*03:02, DQB1*03:01, and DQB1*06:01 with altered risk of T1D persisted after correcting for multiple comparisons. Two-locus haplotype analysis identified DRB1*03:01∼DQB1*02:01 [0.44 vs. 0.18, OR (95% CI) = 3.44 (2.33–5.1), Pc = 3.48 × 10−10]; DRB1*04:02∼DQB1*03:02 [0.077 vs. 0.014, OR = 6.06 (2.03–24.37), Pc = 2.3 × 10−3] and DRB1*04:05∼DQB1*03:02 [0.060 vs. 0.010, OR = 6.24 (1.79–33.34), Pc = 0.011] as positively associated, and DRB1*16:02∼DQB1*05:02 [0.024 vs. 0.075, OR = 0.3 (0.11–0.74), Pc = 0.041] as negatively associated with T1D, after applying Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, the highest T1D risk was observed for DR3/DR4 [0.104 vs. 0.006, OR = 25.03 (8.23–97.2), Pc = 2.6 × 10−10], followed by DR3/DR3 [0.094 vs. 0.010, OR = 8.72 (3.17–25.32), Pc = 3.18 × 10−8] diplotypes.

Conclusion: While DRB1 and DQB1 alleles and haplotypes associated with T1D in Emiratis showed similarities to Caucasian and non-Caucasian populations, several alleles and haplotypes associated with T1D in European, African, and Asian populations, were not observed. This underscores the contribution of ethnic diversity and possible diverse associations between DRB1 and DQB1 and T1D across different populations.
Effect of Autoinducer-2 Quorum Sensing Inhibitor on Interspecies Quorum Sensing
Authors: Jiang Kai , Xu Yijie , Yuan Bo , Yue Yuandong , Zhao Meihua , Luo Rui , Wu Hao , Wang Lei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xiao Junhai , Lin Feng
Published: March 2022

Bacterial drug resistance caused by overuse and misuse of antibiotics is common, especially in clinical multispecies infections. It is of great significance to discover novel agents to treat clinical bacterial infections. Studies have demonstrated that autoinducer-2 (AI-2), a signal molecule in quorum sensing (QS), plays an important role in communication among multiple bacterial species and bacterial drug-resistance. Previously, 14 AI-2 inhibited compounds were selected through virtual screening by using the AI-2 receptor protein LuxP as a target. Here, we used Vibrio harveyi BB170 as a reporter strain for the preliminary screening of 14 inhibitors and compound Str7410 had higher AI-2 QS inhibition activity (IC50 = 0.3724 ± 0.1091 μM). Then, co-culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Str7410 on multispecies infection in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Str7410 significantly inhibited the formation of mixed bacterial biofilms. Meanwhile, the combination of Str7410 with meropenem trihydrate (MEPM) significantly improved the susceptibility of mixed-species-biofilm cells to the antibiotic. In vivo, Str7410 significantly increased the survival rate of wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans N2 co-infected by P. aeruginosa PAO1 and S. aureus ATCC 25923. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that Str7410 reduced virulence factor (pyocyanin and elastase) production and swarming motility of P. aeruginosa PAO1 by downregulating the expression of QS-related genes in strain PAO1 in co-culture with S. aureus ATCC 25923. Compound Str7410 is a candidate agent for treating drug-resistant multispecies infections. The work described here provides a strategy for discovering novel antibacterial drugs.
Thiodiketopiperazines and Alkane Derivatives Produced by the Mangrove Sediment–Derived Fungus Penicillium ludwigii SCSIO 41408
Authors: Cai Jian , Wang Xueni , Yang Zaizhun , Tan Yanhui , Peng Bo , Liu Yonghong , Zhou Xuefeng
Published: March 2022

A new trithiodiketopiperazine derivative, adametizine C (1), and five new alkane derivatives (7–11), were isolated from the mangrove sediment–derived fungus Penicillium ludwigii SCSIO 41408, together with five known dithiodiketopiperazine derivatives (2–6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. In a variety of bioactivity screening, 1–5 exhibited some selective antifungal or antibacterial activities. Compounds 1–3 showed cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cell line 22Rv1 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 13.0–13.9 μM; moreover, 3 showed obvious activity against another prostate cancer PC-3 cells with an IC50 value of 5.1 μM. Further experiments revealed that 3 could significantly reduce PC-3 cells colony formation and induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Several compounds also exhibited obvious inhibitory activities of lipopolysaccharide–induced nuclear factor-κB with IC50 values range from 8.2 to 21.5 μM, and 1, 5, and 9 were further evaluated for their effects on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. Adametizine C (1), with the strongest inhibitory activity against RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophage cells with 10 μM, was suggested to be the promising lead compound for the treatment of osteoclast-related diseases.
Collective Activity Bursting in a Population of Excitable Units Adaptively Coupled to a Pool of Resources
Authors: Franović Igor , Eydam Sebastian , Yanchuk Serhiy , Berner Rico
Published: March 2022

We study the collective dynamics in a population of excitable units (neurons) adaptively interacting with a pool of resources. The resource pool is influenced by the average activity of the population, whereas the feedback from the resources to the population is comprised of components acting homogeneously or inhomogeneously on individual units of the population. Moreover, the resource pool dynamics is assumed to be slow and has an oscillatory degree of freedom. We show that the feedback loop between the population and the resources can give rise to collective activity bursting in the population. To explain the mechanisms behind this emergent phenomenon, we combine the Ott-Antonsen reduction for the collective dynamics of the population and singular perturbation theory to obtain a reduced system describing the interaction between the population mean field and the resources.
Incidence of Developmental Venous Anomalies in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A 3 Tesla MRI Study
Authors: Magyar Marton , Gattringer Thomas , Enzinger Christian , Hassler Eva , Partl Richard , Khalil Michael , Reishofer Gernot , Deutschmann Hannes , Fazekas Franz
Published: March 2022

Objectives

There is evidence of involvement of the venous system in multiple sclerosis (MS). If this bears also an association with the frequency and extent of developmental venous anomalies (DVA) still has to be determined. We therefore investigated this in patients with different phenotypes of MS and in comparison, to a control population.

Methods

We analyzed the contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR scans of 431 patients (clinically isolated syndrome—CIS, n = 108; MS, n = 323) and of 162 control individuals for the presence of a DVA. We also measured the size of the DVA and draining vein and compared the DVA frequency between MS phenotypes.

Results

A DVA was found in 38 (8.8 %) of patients with CIS or MS and in 11 (6.8%) controls (p = 0.4). DVA frequency was highest in CIS (14.8%) and lowest in progressive MS (4.0%). The mean cranio-caudal and axial extension of the DVA was significantly lower in MS patients than controls (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The frequency of DVA in MS patients is comparable to that in controls. Whether DVA size and appearance may change over time will have to be investigated in a longitudinal manner and with larger sample size.
SCN2A-Related Epilepsy: The Phenotypic Spectrum, Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: Zeng Qi , Yang Ying , Duan Jing , Niu Xueyang , Chen Yi , Wang Dan , Zhang Jing , Chen Jiaoyang , Yang Xiaoling , Li Jinliang , Yang Zhixian , Jiang Yuwu , Liao Jianxiang , Zhang Yuehua
Published: March 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the phenotypic spectrum, treatment, and prognosis of 72 Chinese children with SCN2A variants.

Methods

The SCN2A variants were detected by next-generation sequencing. All patients were followed up at a pediatric neurology clinic in our hospital or by telephone.

Results

In 72 patients with SCN2A variants, the seizure onset age ranged from the first day of life to 2 years and 6 months. The epilepsy phenotypes included febrile seizures (plus) (n = 2), benign (familial) infantile epilepsy (n = 9), benign familial neonatal-infantile epilepsy (n = 3), benign neonatal epilepsy (n = 1), West syndrome (n = 16), Ohtahara syndrome (n = 15), epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (n = 2), Dravet syndrome (n = 1), early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (n = 15), and unclassifiable developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (n = 8). Approximately 79.2% (57/72) patients had varying degrees of developmental delay. All patients had abnormal MRI findings with developmental delay. 91.7% (55/60) patients with de novo SCN2A variants had development delay, while only 16.7% (2/12) patients with inherited SCN2A variants had abnormal development. 83.9% (26/31) SCN2A variants that were located in transmembrane regions of the protein were detected in patients with development delay. Approximately 69.2% (9/13) SCN2A variants detected in patients with normal development were located in the non-transmembrane regions. Approximately 54.2% (39/72) patients were seizure-free at a median age of 8 months. Oxcarbazepine has been used by 38 patients, and seizure-free was observed in 11 of them (11/38, 28.9%), while 6 patients had seizure worsening by oxcarbazepine. All 3 patients used oxcarbazepine and with seizure onset age > 1 year presented seizure exacerbation after taking oxcarbazepine. Valproate has been used by 53 patients, seizure-free was observed in 22.6% (12/53) of them.

Conclusion

The phenotypic spectrum of SCN2A-related epilepsy was broad, ranging from benign epilepsy in neonate and infancy to severe epileptic encephalopathy. Oxcarbazepine and valproate were the most effective drugs in epilepsy patients with SCN2A variants. Sodium channel blockers often worsen seizures in patients with seizure onset beyond 1 year of age. Abnormal brain MRI findings and de novo variations were often related to poor prognosis. Most SCN2A variants located in transmembrane regions were related to patients with developmental delay.