bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of Caspian Sea water on mechanical properties and durability of concrete containing rice husk ash, nano $${\varvec{\hbox {SiO}_2}}$$, and nano $${\varvec{{\hbox {Al}}_{2}{\hbox {O}}_{3}}}$$
Authors: Arasteh-Khoshbin Omolbanin , Seyedpour Seyed Morteza , Ricken Tim
Published: November 2022

Various studies have been recently conducted aiming at developing more sustainable cementitious systems so that concrete structures may not have a negative effect on the environment and are decomposed. It has been attempted to build sustainable binders by substituting silica fume, cement with fly ash, nano-silica, nano-alumina, and rice husk ash. In this paper, a series of experiments on concrete with different contents of rice husk ash (10%, 15%, and 20%), nano$${{\hbox {SiO}_2}}$$SiO2(1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%), and nano$$\hbox {Al}_{2}{\hbox {O}}_{3}$$Al2O3(1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) are performed to analyze the durability and mechanical properties of samples under the curing condition of Caspian seawater. The workability, density, water penetration, chloride ion penetration, and compressive strength (at 7, 14, 28, and 90 day) of the samples were determined. The experimental results showed that workability decreased gradually with increasing additives content, while the compressive gradually increased. Among the additives, adding 8% of the nano$${{\hbox {SiO}_2}}$$SiO2had the most significant effect on the improvement of compressive strength. Adding 8% nano$${{\hbox {SiO}_2}}$$SiO2and 4% nano$$\hbox {Al}_{2}{\hbox {O}}_{3}$$Al2O3reduced the depth of water permeability by 53% and 30%, respectively. Furthermore, adding 8% nano$${{\hbox {SiO}_2}}$$SiO2reduced chloride ion penetration by 85%.
Comparison between dynamic contour tonometry and Goldmann applanation tonometry correcting equations
Authors: De Bernardo Maddalena , Casaburi Claudia , De Pascale Ilaria , Capasso Luigi , Cione Ferdinando , Rosa Nicola
Published: November 2022

In order to investigate the reliability of correcting GAT formulas in comparison with dynamic contour tonometry (DCT), this study included 112 right eyes of 112 healthy subjects aged from 21 to 77 years, whose eyes underwent to a full ophthalmologic exam. IOP was measured in each eye with DCT and then with GAT. IOP values obtained with GAT were corrected with 10 equations and then compared with those provided by DCT. Participants mean age was 42.24 ± 14.08 years; mean IOP measured with DCT was 17.61 ± 2.87 and 15.50 ± 2.47 mmHg, measured with GAT. The mean discordance between DCT and GAT measurements was 2.11 ± 2.24 mmHg. All the correcting formulas, but Srodka one (p ˂ 0.001), tend to increase the difference between GAT and DCT. According to these results Śródka equation provides the best correction, reducing the difference between the two IOP measurement methods of − 0.03 ± 0.85 mmHg. Other equations do not provide a valid improvement of the agreement between the two methods or they provide a worsening of the agreement.
Transcriptome analysis of aphids exposed to glandular trichomes in tomato reveals stress and starvation related responses
Authors: Planelló Rosario , Llorente Lola , Herrero Óscar , Novo Marta , Blanco-Sánchez Lidia , Díaz-Pendón Juan Antonio , Fernández-Muñoz Rafael , Ferrero Victoria , de la Peña Eduardo
Published: November 2022

Understanding the responses of insect herbivores to plant chemical defences is pivotal for the management of crops and pests. However, the mechanisms of interaction are not entirely understood. In this study, we compared the whole transcriptome gene expression of the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae grown on two different varieties of tomato that differ in their inducible chemical defences. We used two isogenic lines of tomato with a shared genetic background that only differ in the presence of type IV glandular trichomes and their associated acylsucrose excretions. This works also reports a de novo transcriptome of the aphid M. euphorbiae. Subsequently, we identified a unique and distinct gene expression profile for the first time corresponding to aphid´s exposure to type IV glandular trichomes and acylsugars. The analysis of the aphid transcriptome shows that tomato glandular trichomes and their associated secretions are highly efficient in triggering stress-related responses in the aphid, and demonstrating that their role in plant defence goes beyond the physical impediment of herbivore activity. Some of the differentially expressed genes were associated with carbohydrate, lipid and xenobiotic metabolisms, immune system, oxidative stress response and hormone biosynthesis pathways. Also, the observed responses are compatible with a starvation syndrome. The transcriptome analysis puts forward a wide range of genes involved in the synthesis and regulation of detoxification enzymes that reveal important underlying mechanisms in the interaction of the aphid with its host plant and provides a valuable genomic resource for future study of biological processes at the molecular level using this aphid.
NetREX-CF integrates incomplete transcription factor data with gene expression to reconstruct gene regulatory networks
Authors: Wang Yijie , Lee Hangnoh , Fear Justin M. , Berger Isabelle , Oliver Brian , Przytycka Teresa M.
Published: November 2022

The inference of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) is one of the key challenges in systems biology. Leading algorithms utilize, in addition to gene expression, prior knowledge such as Transcription Factor (TF) DNA binding motifs or results of TF binding experiments. However, such prior knowledge is typically incomplete, therefore, integrating it with gene expression to infer GRNs remains difficult. To address this challenge, we introduce NetREX-CF—Regulatory Network Reconstruction using EXpression and Collaborative Filtering—a GRN reconstruction approach that brings together Collaborative Filtering to address the incompleteness of the prior knowledge and a biologically justified model of gene expression (sparse Network Component Analysis based model). We validated the NetREX-CF using Yeast data and then used it to construct the GRN for Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells. To corroborate the GRN, we performed a large-scale RNA-Seq analysis followed by a high-throughput RNAi treatment against all 465 expressed TFs in the cell line. Our knockdown result has not only extensively validated the GRN we built, but also provides a benchmark that our community can use for evaluating GRNs. Finally, we demonstrate that NetREX-CF can infer GRNs using single-cell RNA-Seq, and outperforms other methods, by using previously published human data.
A review related to MXene preparation and its sensor arrays of electronic skins
Authors: Chen Sha , Huang Wu
Published: November 2022

This review outlines the fabrication and function of MXene-based E-skins. Starting with the synthesis of pure MXenes, then walking through the steps of designing sensors, integrating electronic skin arrays and determining the various functions.
Optical and chemical control of the wettability of nanoporous photoswitchable films
Authors: Zhang Zejun , Chen Donghui , Mutruc Dragos , Hecht Stefan , Heinke Lars
Published: November 2022

A nanoporous film is presented where the wettability is reversibly modified by light irradiation and by embedment of guest molecules with different polarities in the pores. The film is made of metal–organic framework with photoswitchable azobenzene.
Synthesis of a nanoscale Cu(ii)31-oxo-carboxylate cluster, and effect of Cu–oxo cluster size on visible-light absorption
Authors: Barnes Thomas J. , Payne Jack , Pike Sebastian D.
Published: November 2022

A Cu31-oxo cluster is discovered forming a link between small molecules and CuO nanoparticles.
Metal–organic framework induced hybrid NiCo2S4/PPy structures with unique interface features for high performance flexible energy storage devices
Authors: Huang He , Miao Lihua , Sui Lili , Yang Dan , Kuang Baoping , Zhang Chaohui
Published: November 2022

In this work, we report hybrid-structure NiCo2S4/PPy nanosheets through hydrothermal synthesis and electrodeposition methods. Meanwhile, the NiCo2S4/PPy-110 samples exhibit a high specific capacitance of 983 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and excellent stability.
Polymorphism in carboxamide compounds with high-Z′ crystal structures
Authors: Tavakoli-Quchani Fatemeh , Salimi Alireza , Notash Behrouz , Samie Ali , Garrison Jered C.
Published: November 2022

Repetitivity of 21-axis symmetry element in three polymorphic crystal structures of carboxamide compound with highZ′ packing problem.
Recent progress in solid-state NMR of spin-½ low-γ nuclei applied to inorganic materials
Authors: Smith Mark E.
Published: November 2022

Recent advances in solid-state NMR techniques increasing the accessibility of nuclei with small magnetic moments are described along with their application to inorganic materials.
DFT calculations in solution systems: solvation energy, dispersion energy and entropy
Authors: Liu Si-Cong , Zhu Xin-Rui , Liu Dan-Yang , Fang De-Cai
Published: November 2022

DFT studies in solution systems remain challenging, especially in determining dispersion correction and entropy correction, and this review addresses these issues.
Competition between ultralong organic phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence in dichloro derivatives of 9-benzoylcarbazole
Authors: Sidat Amir , Hernández Federico J. , Stojanović Ljiljana , Misquitta Alston J. , Crespo-Otero Rachel
Published: November 2022

The competition between thermally activated delayed fluorescence and ultralong phosphorescence in derivatives of 9-benzoylcarbazole is determined by the volume available for geometry relaxation in the crystalline phase.
Grouped representation of interatomic distances as a similarity measure for crystal structures
Authors: Zhang Rui-Zhi , Seth Sohan , Cumby James
Published: November 2022

Grouped Representation of Interatomic Distances (GRID) accurately quantifies similarity between crystal structures and can be used to predict physical properties.
Oxidation of solid thin films of neonicotinoid pesticides by gas phase hydroxyl radicals
Authors: Finlayson-Pitts B. J. , Anderson A. , Lakey P. S. J. , Wang W. , Ezell M. J. , Wang X. , Wingen L. M. , Perraud V. , Shiraiwa M.
Published: November 2022

Oxidation of thin films of three solid neonicotinoid pesticides by gas-phase OH radicals yields a variety of products primarily in the surface layers.
Formation of Amadori compounds in LIGAO (concentrated pear juice) processing and the effects of Fru-Asp on cough relief and lung moisturization in mice
Authors: Li Chenyan , Yang Cheng , Zhang Jian , Zhang Lianfu
Published: November 2022

Discovery of new active ingredients from the processing of LIGAO and verification of the great application potential of Fru-Asp in relieving lung inflammation and acute lung injury.
An eco-friendly, low-cost, and automated strategy for phosphoproteome profiling
Authors: Zhang Wenyang , Lai Cheuk-Kuen , Huang Wenjie , Li Wenyan , Wu Shaowen , Kong Qian , Hopkinson Alan C. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Siu K. W. Michael , Yan Shijuan
Published: November 2022

An automated, online analysis platform using a reusable phos-trap column helps reduce organic solvent, plastic consumables, waste, and labor costs in phosphoproteomic studies.
Humoral immunity and B-cell memory in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination
Authors: Fryer Holly A. , Hartley Gemma E. , Edwards Emily S.J. , O'Hehir Robyn E. , van Zelm Menno C.
Published: November 2022

Natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 induces a robust circulating memory B cell (Bmem) population, which remains stable in number at least 8 months post-infection despite the contraction of antibody levels after 1 month. Multiple vaccines have been developed to combat the virus. These include two new formulations, mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines, which have varying efficacy rates, potentially related to their distinct capacities to induce humoral immune responses. The mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) elicit significantly higher serum IgG and neutralizing antibody levels than the adenoviral vector ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen) vaccines. However, all vaccines induce Spike- and RBD-specific Bmem, which are vital in providing long-lasting protection in the form of rapid recall responses to subsequent infections. Past and current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) have shown the capacity to escape antibody neutralization to varying degrees. A booster dose with an mRNA vaccine following primary vaccination restores antibody levels and improves the capacity of these antibodies and Bmem to bind viral variants, including the current VoC Omicron. Future experimental research will be essential to evaluate the durability of protection against VoC provided by each vaccine and to identify immune markers of protection to enable prognostication of people who are at risk of severe complications from COVID-19.
Retracted: Collaborative learning‐assisted recommendation of social trust over Web of Things
Authors: Shrivastava Kapil , Saravanan Veerasamy , Rizwan Ali , Karras Dimitrios A. , Kumar Jitendra , Dighriri Mohammed
Published: November 2022

The above article from IET Communications, published online on 24 November 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Interim Editor‐in‐Chief, Jian Ren, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal's peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
DCACorrCapsNet: A deep channel‐attention correlative capsule network for COVID‐19 detection based on multi‐source medical images
Authors: Zhao Aite , Wu Huimin , Chen Ming , Wang Nana
Published: November 2022

The raging trend of COVID‐19 in the world has become more and more serious since 2019, causing large‐scale human deaths and affecting production and life. Generally speaking, the methods of detecting COVID‐19 mainly include the evaluation of human disease characterization, clinical examination and medical imaging. Among them, CT and X‐ray screening is conducive to doctors and patients' families to observe and diagnose the severity and development of the COVID‐19 more intuitively. Manual diagnosis of medical images leads to low the efficiency, and long‐term tired gaze will decline the diagnosis accuracy. Therefore, a fully automated method is needed to assist processing and analysing medical images. Deep learning methods can rapidly help differentiate COVID‐19 from other pneumonia‐related diseases or healthy subjects. However, due to the limited labelled images and the monotony of models and data, the learning results are biased, resulting in inaccurate auxiliary diagnosis. To address these issues, a hybrid model: deep channel‐attention correlative capsule network, for channel‐attention based spatial feature extraction, correlative feature extraction, and fused feature classification is proposed. Experiments are validated on X‐ray and CT image datasets, and the results outperform a large number of existing state‐of‐the‐art studies.
Hyperspectral anomaly detection via weighted‐sparsity‐regularized tensor linear representation
Authors: Wang Jingxuan , Sun Jinqiu , Xia Yong , Zhang Yanning
Published: November 2022

Anomaly detection aims at locating the spectral different objects of a specific scene without any prior information, and has gained increasing attention. By decomposing the input hyperspectral image (HSI) into a background tensor and an anomaly tensor, the tensor approximation is an efficient tool for detecting the anomalies. Low rankness is usually utilized as the regularizer during the background reconstruction process. Different from most existing hyperspectral anomaly detection methods which compute the truncated nuclear norm of the third folding of the original HSI, a novel weighted‐sparsity‐regularized tensor linear representation (WsrTLR) method is proposed for hyperspectral anomaly detection in this paper. Tensor linear representation is utilized to formulate the background HSI by a three‐dimensional (3D) representation base and the corresponding 3D representation coefficient. Low rankness is applied to constrict the representation coefficient, an operation which avoids destroying the multi‐way structure and losing information during the matrixing process, and ensures a satisfactory detection accuracy. Meanwhile, by incorporating the weighted‐sparsity‐regularized tensor linear representation to reconstruct the background tensor, the anomalies can be easily detected by eliminating the background tensor from the original scene. In addition, to avoid negative influence caused by the redundant bands and noisy bands in the representation process, informative bands have been first selected via an optimal neighborhood reconstruction strategy. Experimental results and data analysis on four real hyperspectral datasets, which contain anomalies with different sizes, have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A quantitative evaluation of lung nodule spiculation based on image enhancement
Authors: Tao Juliang , Wang Yongli , Ding Xiaoyun
Published: November 2022

Lung cancer manifests itself as lung nodules at an early stage. Segmentation of lung nodules and quantitative evaluation of spiculation can assist physicians in distinguishing benign and malignant lung nodules. The identification of malignant nodules for early diagnosis and treatment can improve the survival rate of patients. In this paper, a quantitative evaluation method of lung nodule spiculation is proposed based on image enhancement. The proposed method combines super‐resolution reconstruction‐based image enhancement techniques with lung nodule segmentation algorithms to improve the accuracy of segmentation and to quantify the degree of distinctness of the spiculation of lung nodule, which can provide a reliable basis for computer‐aided diagnosis and treatment of lung nodules. First, the method uses Laplacian pyramid image restoration technique and Gaussian differential scale‐invariant feature to enhance the details and edge information of lung CT images. Then the improved Random Walk algorithm is used to segment the enhanced lung images and extract lung nodules. Finally, the spiculation index, which measures the spiculation of breast nodules, is used to quantify the spiculation of nodules. The experimental results show that the method can effectively segment lung nodules and quantitatively evaluate the spiculation of lung nodules.
Urban energy system impact analysis: integration of household solar panels and electric vehicles into smart cities via storage and smart charging
Authors: Mitova Stefania , Kahsar Rudy
Published: November 2022

Smart charging and battery storage can improve the integration of electric vehicles (EV's) and photovoltaic solar panels (PV's) into the residential buildings of a smart city. The impact of those two solutions can vary across households with an EV, PV, both, or no technologies. Therefore, it is unclear how smart charging and storage impact the energy, economic, and environmental benefits of each technology adoption group. To address this problem, an urban energy system dynamics model compares two smart charging scenarios that optimize PV energy consumption and carbon emissions as well as one scenario that optimizes storage. The results show that in general storage reduces carbon emissions and increases solar energy use more effectively than smart charging. Specifically, it reduces emissions at a rate of 17% and smart charging at 7%; it also increases PV self-consumption at a rate of 45% and smart charging at 28%. The main reason for this difference is that storage is able to shift a larger electricity load than smart charging without compromising user convenience. However, expenditures decline at a faster rate in the smart charging scenario (–91%) than the storage scenario (–52%), due to the ratio of Value of Solar to residential tariffs. Therefore, this article recommends storage as a solution to all technology adoption groups; furthermore, cities are encouraged to invest in energy storage solutions in the short term as well as smart devices in the long term, so that eventually smart charging could shift a larger share of the loads as well. The contribution of this study is that it compares several experimental groups across the energy, emission, and economic benefits derived from their respective clean energy technologies; it also provides specific guidelines for parties interested in optimizing the benefits of their technologies.
Traumatische Rückenmarkverletzungen im Sport – eine Analyse eines spezialisierten Traumazentrums von 22 Jahren
Authors: Bernstorff Maria Alexandra , Adler Cordula , Schumann Norman , Kruppa Christiane , Schildhauer Thomas Armin , Hoffmann Martin Franz , Aach Mirko , Königshausen Matthias
Published: November 2022

Einführung Aktuell gibt es nur wenige Daten zu traumatischen Wirbelsäulenverletzungen mit neurologischer Beteiligung im Hinblick auf Sportunfälle in Deutschland. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Häufigkeit traumatischer Rückenmarksverletzungen, verursacht durch verschiedene Sportunfälle, aus den letzten 22 Jahren darzustellen. 

Methoden Die vorliegende Studie ist eine retrospektive Auswertung traumatischer Rückenmarksverletzungen (tSCI) bei sportlicher Aktivität eines Level-1-Traumazentrums mit Abteilung zur Behandlung von Rückenmarksverletzungen in Deutschland der letzten 22 Jahre.

Die Akten der in den Jahren 1998–2020 behandelten Patient*innen wurden im Hinblick auf die Anamnese untersucht und diejenigen Fälle genauer betrachtet, bei denen es sich ursächlich um Sportaktivitäten handelte. Zusätzlich wurden Art und Schwere der Verletzung sowie die Geschlechtsverteilung erfasst.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 1630 Patient*innen mit traumatischen Wirbelsäulenverletzungen mit Rückenmarksbeteiligung eingeschlossen. Von diesen 1630 Patient*innen waren n=116 (7,1%) Sportunfälle. Das Alter dieser Subpopulation war mit 41 Jahren signifikant jünger (p=0,05) als die Gesamtgruppe der tSCI mit 50 Jahren. Eine detailliertere Analyse der Sportverletzungen ergab, dass in absteigender Reihenfolge Reit- (n=22), Winter- (n=18), Luft- (n=16), Motor- (n=16) und Radsport (n=15) die häufigsten ursächlichen Faktoren für diese besonders schweren Wirbelsäulenverletzungen waren. Bei der Verteilung der Lokalisation der Wirbelsäulenverletzung in Bezug auf die Art des ausgeübten Sports zeigte sich im Luftsport ein signifikantes Ergebnis, wonach sich die Patient*innen dieser Gruppe hauptsächlich Verletzungen der Lendenwirbelsäule zuzogen (p<0,01). Die Geschlechterverteilung der einzelnen Sportarten zeigt im Pferdesport (männlich < weiblich, p < 0,01), im Luftsport (männlich > weiblich, p = 0,05) und im Radsport (männlich > weiblich, p = 0,07) signifikante Ergebnisse.

Fazit Zusammengefasst ist vor allem Reitsport beim weiblichen Geschlecht in der Kategorie Sportverletzungen am häufigsten ursächlich für traumatische Wirbelsäulenverletzungen, obwohl Frauen insgesamt einen deutlich geringeren Anteil der Patient*innen mit traumatischen Wirbelsäulenverletzungen einnehmen als Männer. Ferner führen Winter- (n=18), Luft- (n=16), Motor- (n=15) und Radsport (n=15) zu häufigen traumatischen Wirbelsäulenverletzungen im Sportsektor. Patient*innen mit traumatischen 

Wirbelsäulenverletzungen mit spinaler Beteiligung bedingt durch Sportunfälle waren signifikant jünger als diejenigen der Gesamtheit aller traumatischer Wirbelsäulenverletzungen.
Perioperative Hypoxemia and Postoperative Respiratory Events in Infants with Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: van den Bunder Fenne A.I.M. , Stevens Markus F. , van Woensel Job B.M. , van de Brug Tim , van Heurn L.W Ernest , Derikx Joep P.M.
Published: November 2022

Background Normalization of metabolic alkalosis is an important pillar in the treatment of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) because uncorrected metabolic alkalosis may lead to perioperative respiratory events. However, the evidence on the incidence of respiratory events is limited. We aimed to study the incidence of peroperative hypoxemia and postoperative respiratory events in infants undergoing pyloromyotomy and the potential role of metabolic alkalosis.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing pyloromyotomy between 2007 and 2017. All infants received intravenous fluids preoperatively to correct metabolic abnormalities close to normal. We assessed the incidence of perioperative hypoxemia (defined as oxygen saturation [SpO2] < 90% for > 1min) and postoperative respiratory events. Additionally, the incidence of difficult intubations was evaluated. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between admission or preoperative serum pH values, bicarbonate or chloride, and peri- and postoperative hypoxemia or respiratory events.

Results Of 406 included infants, 208 (51%) developed 1 or more episodes of hypoxemia during the perioperative period, of whom 130 (32%) experienced it during induction, 43 (11%) intraoperatively, and 112 (28%) during emergence. About 7.5% of the infants had a difficult intubation and 17 required more than 3 attempts by a pediatric anesthesiologist. Three patients developed respiratory insufficiency and 95 postoperative respiratory events were noticed. We did not find a clinically meaningful association between laboratory values reflecting metabolic alkalosis and respiratory events.

Conclusions IHPS frequently leads to peri- and postoperative hypoxemia or respiratory events and high incidence of difficult tracheal intubations. Preoperative pH, bicarbonate, and chloride were bad predictors of respiratory events.
Risk of Arthroplasty in Patients with Subchondral Insufficiency Fractures of the Knee: A Matched Study of the Implantable Shock Absorber using a Validated Predictive Model
Authors: Pareek Ayoosh , Parkes Chad W. , Slynarski Konrad , Walawski Jacek , Smigielski Robert , Merwe Willem van der , Krych Aaron J.
Published: November 2022

Subchondral insufficiency fractures of the knee (SIFK) can result in high rates of osteoarthritis and arthroplasty. The implantable shock absorber (ISA) implant is a titanium and polycarbonate urethane device which reduces the load on the medial compartment of the knee by acting as an extra-articular load absorber while preserving the joint itself. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether partially unloading the knee with the ISA altered the likelihood of progression to arthroplasty utilizing a validated predictive risk model (SIFK score). A retrospective case-control (2:1) study was performed on patients with SIFK without any previous surgery and on those implanted with the ISA with the primary outcome being progression to arthroplasty compared with nonoperative treatment at 2 years. Baseline and final radiographs, as well as magnetic resonance imagings, were reviewed for the evaluation of meniscus or ligament injuries, insufficiency fractures, and subchondral edema. Patients from a prospective study were matched using the exact SIFK Score, a validated predictive score for progression to arthroplasty in patients with SIFK, to those who received the ISA implant. Kaplan–Meier analysis was conducted to assess survival. A total of 57 patients (38 controls:19 ISA) with a mean age of 60.6 years and 54% female were included. The SIFK score was matched exactly between cases and controls for all patients. The 2-year survival rate of 100% for the ISA group was significantly higher than the corresponding rate of 61% for the control group (p < 0.01). In ISA, 0% of the patients converted to arthroplasty at 2 years, and 5% (one patient) had hardware removal at 1 year. When stratified by risk, the ISA group did not have a significantly higher survival compared with low-risk (p = 0.3) or medium-risk (p = 0.2) controls, though it had a significantly higher survival for high-risk groups at 2 years (100 vs. 15%, p < 0.01). SIFK of the medial knee can lead to significant functional limitation and high rates of conversion to arthroplasty. Implants such as the ISA have the potential to alter the progression to arthroplasty in these patients, especially those at high risk.
Response to botulinum toxin may predict response to peroral pyloromyotomy in patients with gastroparesis
Authors: Wadhwa Vaibhav , Gonzalez Adalberto , Azar Francisco , Singh Harjinder , Gupta Kapil , Liang Hong , Schneider Alison , Ponsky Jeffery , Erim Tolga , Rodriguez John , Castro Fernando J.
Published: November 2022

Background Patients with gastroparesis who have undergone prior intrapyloric botulinum toxin injection (BTI) may seek an opinion regarding peroral pyloromyotomy (POP). There are only two small reports assessing the role of BTI as a predictor for successful treatment with POP.

Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study to assess whether symptomatic improvement after BTI predicts a response to POP. We included 119 patients who had undergone both BTI and POP at Cleveland Clinic Ohio or Cleveland Clinic Florida from January 2016 to September 2019.

Results 65.5 % of patients had symptomatic improvement after BTI. Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) scores were available for 74 patients, with 64 % achieving a response to POP, defined as a decrease in mean GCSI ≥ 1. In multivariable analysis, response to BTI (odds ratio [OR] 7.7 [95 %CI 2.2–26.1]) and higher pre-POP GCSI score (OR 2.3 [95 %CI 1.2–4.6]) were independent predictors of response to POP.

Conclusions Clinical improvement after BTI is a predictor of response to POP in patients with gastroparesis. This information may aid in improving patient selection for POP.
Asymmetric Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of 3-Isothio­cyanato Oxindoles: an Update
Authors: Tan Fen , He Xiao-Yu , Yang Qing-Qing , Zou You-Quan
Published: November 2022

3-Isothiocyanato oxindoles are a class of important building blocks which have been widely used in the synthesis of structurally diverse enantioenriched spirooxindoles. In this short review, it is attempted to cover the recent synthetic aspects of 3-isothiocyanato oxindoles participated cascade cyclizations in the last few years (i.e., from 2017 to 2022), with an emphasis on formal [3+2] cycloaddition reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Organocatalyzed Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition of 3-Isothiocyanato Oxindoles

3 Lewis Acid Catalyzed Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition of 3-Isothiocyanato Oxindoles

4 Conclusions
Application of Cross-National Comparative Research Design in Medical and Nursing Education
Authors: Devi Barkha
Published: November 2022

It is impossible to think without making comparisons. In the absence of comparison, all scientific inquiry and investigation is meaningless. Comparison has a significant history in the study of human science, history, and culture. Comparative study in the subject of social theory may be seen since ancient Greek, and this unbroken history was only strengthened as time has elapsed. Comparison research is a process of determining and quantifying correlations between two or more variables by studying various groups that are subjected to various treatments, either by decision or by circumstances. A comparative analysis compares two or more similar groups, individuals, or conditions to arrive at a conclusion. Due to the result of ongoing processes such as the massive expansion in telecommunications, technical breakthroughs, and the inherent amplification of globalization trends, comparative research, particularly cross-national comparison, has received much interest lately. As a result, instances of comparative techniques may be found throughout the modern social sciences, health sciences, and humanities. Researchers have compared cases to each other, use statistical techniques to establish quantitative comparisons, compare cases to theoretically produce results, and compare case values on important factors to actual rates to examine co-variation.
Outcomes of Pediatric Patients with Sepsis Managed on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: An Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry
Authors: Holloway Adrian , Custer Jason , Patel Ripal , Alexander Peta , Rycus Peter , Foster Cortney , Bagdure Dayanand , June Angelina , Michtcherkin Vladimir , Blackwelder William , Baker-Smith Carissa , Bhutta Adnan
Published: November 2022

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is increasingly used for refractory septic shock. There is a lack of data on the outcomes of children requiring ECMO support for refractory septic shock. Our study objective was to describe the variables associated with survival, risk factors for mortality, and outcomes of children requiring ECMO support for refractory shock. This was retrospective registry study of 340 international centers contributing data to the ELSO Registry, analyzing children <18 years who received ECMO with septic shock, severe sepsis, sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, shock associated with infection, and septicemia from any organism from 1990 to 2015. Outcomes were analyzed by categorizing the data into survivors and nonsurvivors. Logistic regression models were used to describe the association of dependent variable and multiple independent variables. A total of 1,928 patients were identified who met the inclusion criteria. In total, 744 (38.5%) of the cohort survived. Survivors in this cohort tend to have a longer duration of ECMO (230 vs. 201 hours, p = 0.005) and shorter time from intubation to ECMO cannulation (87 vs. 116 hours, p = 0.0033) when compared to nonsurvivors. Survivors were also noted to have higher pH, higher serum bicarbonate, higher saturations, and higher systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures compared to nonsurvivors. These results suggest that early initiation of ECMO therapy for refractory sepsis is associated with better patient outcomes. ECMO is unlikely to recover patients once circulatory and metabolic collapse has developed.
A single quasi-cubic test mass configuration for space-based gravitational wave detection
Authors: Liu Yan-Chong , Yan Hao , Zhou Ze-Bing
Published: November 2022

Two test masses per spacecraft configuration is the main scheme and exhibits a high level of maturity for space-based gravitational wave detection. However, the single test mass configuration is continuously discussed with different designs to reduce technical complexities such as spacecraft control. This paper proposes a new configuration with a single quasi-cubic test mass per spacecraft. The new configuration inherits the existing capacitance displacement sensor and electrostatic actuator. It has the advantage of the suppression of centrifugal force effect due to the coincidence of the center of mass between the spacecraft and test mass. In addition, it has the advantages of simplifying the self-gravity compensation strategy and the drag-free attitude and orbit control strategy due to using a single test mass.
Quantum dot photoluminescence as charge probe for plasma exposed surfaces
Authors: Hasani M , Klaassen G , Marvi Z , Pustylnik M , Beckers J
Published: November 2022

Quantum dots (QDs) are used as nanometer-sized in situ charge probes for surfaces exposed to plasma. Excess charges residing on an electrically floating surface immersed in a low-pressure argon plasma are detected and investigated by analysis of variations in the photoluminescence spectrum of laser-excited QDs that were deposited on that surface. The experimentally demonstrated redshift of the PL spectrum peak is linked to electric fields associated with charges near the QDs’ surfaces, a phenomenon entitled the quantum-confined Stark effect. Variations in the surface charge as a function of plasma input power result in different values of the redshift of the peak position of the PL spectrum. The values of redshift are detected as 0.022 nm and 0.073 for 10 and 90 W plasma input powers, respectively; therefore indicating an increasing trend. From that, a higher microscopic electric field,

9.29
×

10
6

V m−1 for 90 W compared to

3.29
×

10
6

V m−1 for 10 W input power, which is coupled to an increased electric field in the plasma sheath, is sensed by the QDs when plasma input power is increased.
Strain-induced ultrahigh power conversion efficiency in BP-MoSe2 vdW heterostructure
Authors: Tu Jiarui , Lei Xueling , Li Pengfei
Published: November 2022

Photocatalytic water splitting is a promising method for hydrogen production, and the search for efficient photocatalysts has received extensive attention. Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have recently been considered excellent candidates for photocatalytic water splitting. In this work, a BP-MoSe2 vdW heterostructure composed of a blue phosphorus (BP) and MoSe2 monolayer was studied as a potential photocatalyst for water splitting using first-principles calculations. The results show that the heterostructure has a type-II band structure, and the band edges straddle water redox potentials under biaxial strains from −3% to 2%, satisfying the requirements for photocatalytic water splitting. In addition, the heterostructure has excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and strong optical absorption in both visible light and near-ultraviolet region, indicating that it is a very promising candidate for photocatalytic water splitting. Specifically, the PCE was enhanced to ∼20.2% under a tensile strain of 2%. The Gibbs free energy profiles indicate that BP-MoSe2 vdW heterostructure exhibits good catalytic performance in hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. In particular, high carrier mobility implies that the transfer of carriers to reactive sites is easy, and the recombination probability of photogenerated electron–hole pairs is reduced.
Embedded ultra-high stability flexible transparent conductive films based on exfoliated graphene-silver nanowires-colorless polyimide
Authors: Qian Peng-Fei , Wang Jing-Qi , Wang Tao , Huai Xuguo , Geng Wen-Hao , Zhu Qiangxia , Tian Ying , Jing Li-Chao , Bao Ze-Long , Geng Hong-Zhang
Published: November 2022

Transparent conductive films with high stability were prepared by embedding silver nanowires in colorless polyimide and adding a protective layer of exfoliated graphene. The films exhibit great light transmission and conductivity with a sheet resistance of 22 Ω sq−1 at transmittance of 83%. Due to its special embedded structure, the conductive layer can withstand several peeling experiments without falling off. In addition, the most outstanding advantage is the ultra-high stability of the films, including high mechanical robustness, strong chemical corrosion resistance and high operating voltage capacity. The organic light-emitting diode devices prepared based on this transparent conductive electrode exhibit comparable efficiency to indium tin oxide (ITO) based devices, with C.E.
max = 2.78 cd A−1, P

−1

.E.
max = 1.89 lm W−1, EQE
max = 0.89%. Moreover, the efficiencies were even higher than that of ITO devices when the operating voltage of the device exceeds 5 V. The above performances show that the transparent conductive electrode based on this structure has high potential for application in organic electronic devices.
Stochastic and parameter analysis for an integrative cancer model
Authors: Reale Marcela V , Margarit David H , Scagliotti Ariel F , Romanelli Lilia M
Published: November 2022

In previous work, we presented a model that integrates cancer cell differentiation and immunotherapy, analysing a particular therapy against cancer stem cells by cytotoxic cell vaccines. As every biological system is exposed to random fluctuations, is important to incorporate stochasticity in the models to adequate their behaviour to experimental observations. Thus, we propose a necessary upgrade to the former model incorporating fluctuations in it. On the one hand, we added multiplicative noise throughout the proposed system, and on the other, we specifically analysed the influence of demographic and multiplicative noise on the parameters of reproduction and death in cancer cells. In both cases, we studied the dynamics for different values of the parameters involved. It was observed that the final number of cancer cells decreases for different combinations of these parameters and noise intensity.
Tailoring ZnO/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites: structure, optical, dielectric and magnetic study
Authors: Mahdy Manal A , Azab A A , El Zawawi I K , Turky G
Published: November 2022

The structural, morphology, optical, magnetic and dielectric properties of the (ZnO)1–x(CoFe2O4)x, (x = 1, 3 and 5 wt%) nanocomposites synthetized by sonomechanical method were investigated using XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, UV-visible, VSM and BDS. XRD analysis shows that, ZnO and CoFe2O4 acquired hexagonal and cubic phases, respectively. The optical band gap was reduced from 3.22 eV for pure ZnO to 3.15 eV after adding 5wt % of CoFe2O4. Addition of 1wt% CoFe2O4 to ZnO matrix showed a noticeable ferromagnetic behavior that was predominant in the prepared nanocomposites and confirmed by the convex Arrott–Belov–Kouvel curves. The dielectric constant, ε′, at higher frequencies of the investigated nanocomposites is relatively high (8–10) accompanied by low values of dielectric loss, ε″ ranging between 0.001 and 0.003 and hence very low values of the dissipation factor D (= ε″/ε′) making them applicable in the field of microwave shielding. On the other hand, the dc-conductivity, σ
dc at 25 C shows a remarkable increase by Addition of 1wt% CoFe2O4 to ZnO matrix and decreases gradually with further increase of the ferrite. This indicates the effect of mobility and/or the number density of charge carriers on the conductivity. The investigation at higher temperature, 150 C, shows a gradual decrease in the conductivity with increasing CoFe2O4 content.
Theoretical design of multilayered VO2-based switchable terahertz metasurfaces as broadband functional devices
Authors: Liu DaoHong , Zhang ChuanYu , Duan Zhenkun
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a switchable terahertz metasurface based on VO2 multilayer structure is raised, which utilizes the temperature phase-transition properties of VO2 to achieve the functions of switchable polarization conversion and reflection phase modulation for arbitrarily polarized waves at different temperatures. The simulation results show that at high-temperature and low-temperature, the metasurface develop a resonant system to achieve polarization conversion for circularly polarized (CP) and linearly polarized (LP) waves, respectively. For the conversion of the CP wave at high-temperature, the polarization conversion rate exceeds 90% in the terahertz frequency range of 1.01 ∼ 2.00 THz, and at low-temperature, the polarization conversion of the LP wave reaches a near-perfect polarization conversion rate at frequencies ν = 0.65, 1.07, and 1.50 THz. Arbitrary phase regulation can be achieved by rotating the VO2 strips and altering the geometry of the C-shaped split resonator ring (CSRR) to form a periodic array with a constant gradient phase. In order to verify that the device has the function of wavefront phase modulation, we use the device to simulate the abnormal reflection based on the generalized Snell’s law.Additionally, we generated a bifocal focused beam within a cross-channel in LP incidence mode using the propagation phase principle.
Quantum effects on the propagation of surface magnetoplasmon polaritons in a graphene-plasmonic structure
Authors: Eid I S , Mohamed B F , Guo Bin
Published: November 2022

We investigate the properties of surface magnetoplasmon polaritons (SMPPs) in a graphene-plasmonic structure which is constructed as a graphene film sandwiched with two semi-infinite dielectrics under a perpendicular configuration. By solving Maxwell equations and quantum magneto-hydrodynamic equations with considering the quantum statistical and quantum diffraction effects, we deduce the dispersion relation of graphene SMPPs (GSMPPs) in detail. We show how the graphene electron density, the external magnetic field, and the dielectric constant, affect the features of the dispersion of GSMPPs in both classical and quantum cases. We find that the quantum effects (QEs) significantly alter the properties of GSMPPs, which are entirely different from those in a classical model. We find that the propagation speed of classical GSMPPs has small increases while the propagation speed of quantum GSMPPs has fast and sharp increases along with the increases in graphene electron density. We further find that the propagation speed decreases gradually by increasing the applied magnetic field in both classical and quantum GSMPPs. Moreover, we also find that the propagation speed of classical GSMPPs has fast decreases tending to zero at large wavenumber while the propagation speed of quantum GSMPPs has slow decreases tending to infinity with increasing the dielectric constant. Our findings elucidate that QEs play a crucial role in the properties of GSMPPs and their response to different parameters.
Focal electrical stimulation of human retinal ganglion cells for vision restoration
Authors: Madugula Sasidhar S , Gogliettino Alex R , Zaidi Moosa , Aggarwal Gorish , Kling Alexandra , Shah Nishal P , Brown Jeff B , Vilkhu Ramandeep , Hays Madeline R , Nguyen Huy , Fan Victoria , Wu Eric G , Hottowy Pawel , Sher Alexander , Litke Alan M , Silva Ruwan A , Chichilnisky E J
Published: November 2022

Objective. Vision restoration with retinal implants is limited by indiscriminate simultaneous activation of many cells and cell types, which is incompatible with reproducing the neural code of the retina. Recent work has shown that primate retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which transmit visual information to the brain, can be directly electrically activated with single-cell, single-spike, cell-type precision – however, this possibility has never been tested in the human retina. In this study we aim to characterize, for the first time, direct in situ extracellular electrical stimulation of individual human RGCs. Approach. Extracellular electrical stimulation of individual human RGCs was conducted in three human retinas ex vivo using a custom large-scale, multi-electrode array capable of simultaneous recording and stimulation. Measured activation properties were compared directly to extensive results from macaque. Main results. Precise activation was in many cases possible without activating overlying axon bundles, at low stimulation current levels similar to those used in macaque. The major RGC types could be identified and targeted based on their distinctive electrical signatures. The measured electrical activation properties of RGCs, combined with a dynamic stimulation algorithm, was sufficient to produce an evoked visual signal that was nearly optimal given the constraints of the interface. Significance. These results suggest the possibility of high-fidelity vision restoration in humans using bi-directional epiretinal implants.