bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Product Development of a Bio-Composite Medical Device
Authors: Ulmeanu Mihaela Elena , Doicin Cristian Vasile , Murzac Roman , Tunsoiu Daniela , Tunsoiu Nicolae
Published: June 2019

The paper presents a development methodology for a new bio-composite medical device used in extensive anatomical reconstructions. Current surgical techniques and devices include auto transplant, surgical meshes or even acellular devices. Due to the high degree of reconstruction and large amount of exposed tissue, the surgeries tend to have high re-intervention rates, leading to severe complications and even death. A functional approach is proposed to develop an improved medical device for the treatment of these severe traumatic lesions. A six step methodology is presented, validating the first three with the development of several concepts. The general need is accurately identified using the APTE instrument and a FAST diagram is constructed for one product existence stage. Nine concepts are generated using the proposed methodology and three were preliminarily kept for development. Further research will be undertaken for manufacturing and testing of the final selected concept.
Factors Influencing Online Consumer Behavior in the Era of IoT
Authors: Țoniș-Bucea-Manea Rocsana , Blăjină Ovidiu
Published: June 2019

Consumers feels the fulminate evolution of internet and technologies in everyday life, in the personal devices interconnected with (mobiles, tables, cars). The IoT (internet of things) changes the houses and institutions activities, or holiday services, etc. This trend is present in every field of the current digital economy, too, bringing new devices and modalities of online marketing, such as virtual reality and augmented reality. This is the reason that each company has to face the challenge by having a constant open communication with the consumers, taking advantage of the new technologies facilities and social media channels. However, the companies can extend their market share if they take into account the consumer nostalgia of old times products and services. The paper makes an analysis of the factors that may affect the behavior of consumers using internet to buy/order online content. For the analysis the Least squares model was implemented. The model shows in how much variables such as: mobile equipment used to search the internet on the move, companies using software, such as CRM to analyse clients’ data, consumers’ level of internet skills, consumers’ level of computer skills, consumers interacting on internet with public authorities, influence the consumer behavior.
Potential benefits and harms of the use of UV radiation in transmission of tuberculosis in South African health facilities
Authors: Mamahlodi Marang Tebogo
Published: June 2019

The incidence and prevalence of transmitted Mycobacterium tuberculosis have risen very rapidly in modern society. Environmental control measure such as ultraviolet radiation has been introduced in various health care facilities. This preventative measure has been extensively explored in the medical, legislative and public forums. However, the guidelines and manufacturer’s claims have created controversies, in terms of prevention of cross-transmission of M. tuberculosis in health care facilities. In this article, the authors reviewed the overall benefits and harms associated with the use of ultraviolet radiation in the prevention of M. tuberculosis transmission. The author concluded that there are still existing gaps in proving beyond any reasonable doubt that ultraviolet radiations absolutely prevent the spread of M. tuberculosis in South African health facilities.
Small-Scale Farmers Associations’ adaptive capacity to climate change in Swaziland sugarcane industry
Authors: Mhlanga-Ndlovu Bon’sile F.N. , Nhamo Godwell
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the existing adaptive capacity for climate change impacts by Small-Scale Famers Associations (SSFAs) in Swaziland’s sugar industry. The analysis of adaptive capacity considered how the livelihood assets (natural, physical, financial, human and social) as discussed in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) help promote SSFAs’ adaptive capacity to climate change. The study took place in the Lowveld. Data were generated through a questionnaire from 45 SSFAs supervisors representing more than 2700 farmers. In addition, face-to-face interviews were undertaken with key informants, namely, Swaziland Water and Agricultural Development Enterprise, Swaziland Sugar Association, Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, and the United Nations Development Programme. The results indicate that the farmers have less adaptive capacity, and this affects the implementation of adaptation measures. The priority action towards increased adaptation includes interventions on credit, utility costs and taxes, land resources ownership and management, as well as information dissemination, especially early warning.
The knowledge profile of patients with hypertension
Authors: Stewart A. V. , Eales C. J. , De Charmoy S.
Published: June 2019

A sample of 62 patients at a hypertension clinic at a tertiary care hospital was interviewed to establish which factors contributed to poor knowledge. Patients were interviewed to establish basic demographic data, their own risk factors, various psycho-social factors as well as their knowledge of the disease process and risk factor management. A step-wise logistic regression was done to establish which factors were predictive of the knowledge of patients with hypertension. It was found that a good quality of life (p=0.003); normal sex-life (p=0.00); home language of English or Afrikaans (p=0.002); educational status (p=0.00) and annual income (0.01) were predictive of patients’ knowledge. Patients with a better quality of life had better knowledge than those with a poor quality of life (p=0.05).
Obituary: Dr. Tilly Dreyer
Authors: Eales C. J.
Published: June 2019

No abstract available
Classification of a family of non-almost-periodic free Araki–Woods factors
Authors: Houdayer Cyril , Shlyakhtenko Dimitri L. , Vaes Stefaan
Published: June 2019

We obtain a complete classification of a large class of non-almost-periodic free Araki–Woods factors

\Gamma(\mu, m)''

up to isomorphism. We do this by showing that free Araki–Woods factors

\Gamma(\mu, m)''

arising from finite symmetric Borel measures

\mu

on

\mathbb{R}

whose atomic part

\mu_a

is nonzero and not concentrated on

\{0\}

have the joint measure class

\mathcal C(\bigvee_{k \geq 1} \mu^{\ast k})

as an invariant. Our key technical result is a deformation/rigidity criterion for the unitary conjugacy of two faithful normal states. We use this to also deduce rigidity and classification theorems for free product von Neumann algebras.
Implementación digital de filtros FIR para la minimización del ruido óptico y optoelectrónico de un sistema de barrido óptico
Authors: Miranda-Vega Jesús E. , Rivas-López Moisés , Flores-Fuentes Wendy , Sergiyenko Oleg , Lindner Lars , Rodríguez-Quiñonez Julio C.
Published: June 2019

Existen distintos dispositivos capaces de discriminar el ruido óptico y optoelectrónico, sin embargo, el costo de su implementación y mantenimiento resulta costoso. Este trabajo examina la posibilidad de integrar digitalmente filtros de respuesta finita al impulso (en inglés, FIR; Finite Impulse Response) al transductor de un sistema OSS para obtener un mejor rendimiento en un ambiente real de operación. En este trabajo se propone la evaluación de la implementación de distintos filtros FIR en diferentes transductores fotosensores como lo son el resistor dependiente de luz (en inglés, LDR; Light-Dependent Resistor) y el diodo emisor de luz (en inglés, LED; Light-Emitting Diode).
Simulación y control de la velocidad y par electromagnético de un motor de inducción trifásico: Un enfoque a vehículos eléctricos
Authors: Rumbo Morales Jesse Yoe , Beltrán Alberto Miguel , Azcaray Héctor Ramón , Santiago Karina , Calixto Manuela , Sarmiento Estela
Published: June 2019

En este estudio se presentan los resultados obtenidos en simulación y control de un motor de inducción trifásico (MTI) utilizando MATLAB/Simulink. El análisis comprende el estudio de la respuesta transitoria del MTI en lazo abierto y en lazo cerrado utilizando dos tipos de controladores: Control Directo de Par (DTC) y Control Escalar. Los resultados más relevantes de este trabajo se dan al evaluar el desempeño de cada controlador, que tienen como objetivo principal seguir el perfil de velocidad deseado, atendiendo a las respuestas dinámicas de velocidad mecánica del rotor, par electromagnético, flujo magnético y corrientes de estator y rotor, así como de los voltajes de excitación. Se consideran dos escenarios de operación: en el primer caso el MTI opera sin carga mecánica y en el segundo opera como sistema de propulsión de un vehículo con parámetros mecánicos cercanos a los de un automóvil convencional. Así mismo se demostró que el DTC brinda al sistema de un comportamiento dinámico más óptimo minimizando los errores de seguimiento de velocidad y par electromagnético, minimizando el rizado en los valores de par y flujo estimado.
Optimización y control de un proceso de mezclas Rundown para la fabricación de gasolinas
Authors: González-Martín Rafael , Morilla Fernando
Published: June 2019

La gasolina comercial es una mezcla de componentes obtenidos de la destilación del petróleo. El reto del Sistema de Optimización y Control es maximizar el margen económico del proceso utilizando la mezcla de componentes más barata, satisfaciendo la composición de las mezclas, los inventarios, la disponibilidad de las unidades de producción y las restricciones hidráulicas de las líneas. La complejidad de estos sistemas de mezcla ha ido aumentando debido a la competencia creciente en el sector, las refinería más competitivas realizan las mezclas con componentes que provienen directamente de unidad sin pasar por almacenamiento intermedio, método rundown, se disminuyen inventarios y se aumenta el beneficio. En este artículo se presenta un método innovador consistente en aplicar distintos niveles de automatización emulando la estrategia de control en cascada. Los resultados obtenidos en simulación han permitido aplicar el método propuesto en una instalación real, donde se ha podido contrastar la bondad del método y su generalización a un sistema con dimensionamiento real.
Variation in Acute and Community Service Provision of Care of the Elderly Services across Scotland: Findings from the Scottish Care of Older People (Scoop) Initial Scoping Survey
Authors: Donaldson Alison IC , Neal Samuel R , McAlpine Christine H , Quinn Terence , Shenkin Susan D , Ellis Graham , Myint Phyo Kyaw
Published: June 2019

Background

This scoping survey is a preliminary part of the Scottish Care of Older People (SCoOP) audit programme, which aims to assess specialist service provision for older people with frailty in Scotland, and provide benchmarking data for improving services.

Methods

The survey was distributed to nominated consultant geriatricians based in 12 of the 14 Scottish health boards who completed data to the ‘best of their knowledge'. Data collected were: consultant and specialty doctor level workforce; days of frailty unit operation; multidisciplinary team discussion frequency; and, physiotherapy and occupational therapy availability. Consultant cover was correlated with population data, and scores for service components used to derive separate acute and community service provision scores.

Results

Consultant geriatrician availability varies widely across Scottish health boards with a median of 1.45 [range: 0.54–2.40; interquartile range (IQR): 0.71–2.28] full-time equivalent consultant geriatricians per 10,000 people ≥65 years. Variation was also present in the service provision scores [score range 0 (none) to 1.0 (very good)]: for acute services, the median national service provision score was 0.81 (range: 0.50–0.89; IQR: 0.75–0.85) and for community services 0.60 (range: 0.48–0.82; IQR: 0.52–0.65).

Conclusions

This report clearly demonstrates mismatch between workforce and services in both acute and community settings in the context of the population size. Future surveys will build on this preliminary information to audit service provision for older people at an individual hospital level.
Malignant Spinal Cord Compression
Authors: Macdonald A Graham , Lynch Daniel , Garbett Ian , Nazeer Nauzan
Published: June 2019

Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) is a potentially devastating consequence of cancer. Early recognition of the signs and symptoms of MSCC can allow diagnosis prior to the development of irreversible complications. Information provision to patients and doctors regarding the risk of MSCC and a streamlined pathway for further investigation are both key to improving the outcome for patients developing this condition. Described in this paper is the development of such a pathway at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary.
Black Lungs in the General Population: A New Look at An Old Dispute
Authors: Donaldson Ken , Wallace William A , Henry Christopher , Seaton Anthony
Published: June 2019

Almost from the time that autopsies were first routinely carried out, darkening of lungs with increasing age was described. Different explanations for the origin of the accumulating black pigment arose and by the early nineteenth century three hypotheses had emerged: 1) soot inhaled into the lungs from the air; 2) carbon accumulating in the lungs from abnormal pulmonary carbon dioxide metabolism; and, 3) pigment derived from the blood. In 1813 the English physician and chemist George Pearson published a paper in which he described the recovery of the black pigment from lungs and its chemical analysis. Pearson declared the black pigment to be airborne carbon/soot from the burning of coal and wood. He described these particles depositing in ‘black spots’ in the terminal airways and accumulating in the peribronchial lymph nodes, forming ‘black glands'. Despite Pearson's prescient account, debate continued and the true explanation, given in that paper, was not fully accepted until the late nineteenth century.
Combining Virtual Reality Motor Rehabilitation With Cognitive Strategy Use in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Boone Anna E. , Wolf Timothy J. , Engsberg Jack R.
Published: June 2019

Importance: Rehabilitation interventions for chronic stroke are largely impairment based, with results confined to the level of impairment instead of function. In contrast, cognitive strategy training interventions have demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in functional outcomes. Integration of these approaches has yet to be explored.

Objective: To evaluate acceptability, recruitment, and retention rate and determine which outcome measures best capture the effect of the intervention.

Design: Single-group, pre–post design.

Setting: Research laboratory.

Participants: Adults with chronic stroke and hemiparesis (N = 10).

Intervention: A 12-wk intervention integrating cognitive strategy training with upper extremity motor training. Two weekly sessions used Kinect-based virtual reality to encourage high numbers of upper extremity movement repetitions. The third weekly session focused on the use of cognitive strategies with practice of client-centered goals.

Outcomes and Measures: Upper extremity motor performance was measured with the Fugl–Meyer Assessment. Occupational performance on trained and untrained goals was measured via the Performance Quality Rating Scale and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Outcome data were gathered preintervention, postintervention, and at 3-mo follow-up.

Results: The intervention was perceived as acceptable. Recruitment rate was 15%, and retention rate was 100%. Large effects were found on outcomes of upper extremity motor performance, occupational performance, and participation at follow-up.

Conclusion and Relevance: MetacogVR is feasible for adults with chronic stroke. The effect of MetacogVR is best captured through measures of upper extremity motor performance, occupational performance, and participation.

What This Articles Adds: Traditional, impairment-based approaches to chronic stroke rehabilitation may require integration with cognitive-strategy training to affect performance on meaningful goals.
Long-term aerosol optical hygroscopicity study at the ACTRIS SIRTA observatory: synergy between ceilometer and in situ measurements
Authors: Bedoya-Velásquez Andrés Esteban , Titos Gloria , Bravo-Aranda Juan Antonio , Haeffelin Martial , Favez Olivier , Petit Jean-Eudes , Casquero-Vera Juan Andrés , Olmo-Reyes Francisco José , Montilla-Rosero Elena , Hoyos Carlos D. , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis
Published: June 2019

Abstract. An experimental setup to study aerosol hygroscopicity is proposed based on
the temporal evolution of attenuated backscatter coefficients from a
ceilometer colocated with an instrumented tower equipped with meteorological
sensors at different heights. This setup is used to analyze a 4.5-year
database at the ACTRIS SIRTA observatory in Palaiseau (Paris, France, 2.208∘ E, 48.713∘ N; 160 m above sea level). A
strict criterion-based procedure has been established to identify
hygroscopic growth cases using ancillary information, such as online
chemical composition, resulting in 8 hygroscopic growth cases from a
total of 107 potential cases. For these eight cases, hygroscopic
growth-related properties, such as the attenuated backscatter enhancement
factor fβ (RH) and the hygroscopic growth
coefficient γ, are evaluated. This study shows that the
hygroscopicity parameter γ is negatively correlated with the aerosol
organic mass fraction but shows a positive correlation with the aerosol
inorganic mass fraction. Among inorganic species, nitrate exhibited the highest correlation. This is the first time that hygroscopic enhancement factors are directly
retrieved under ambient aerosols using remote-sensing techniques, which are
combined with online chemical composition in situ measurements to evaluate
the role of the different aerosol species in aerosol hygroscopicity.
Effects of gas–wall interactions on measurements of semivolatile compounds and small polar molecules
Authors: Liu Xiaoxi , Deming Benjamin , Pagonis Demetrios , Day Douglas A. , Palm Brett B. , Talukdar Ranajit , Roberts James M. , Veres Patrick R. , Krechmer Jordan E. , Thornton Joel A. , de Gouw Joost A. , Ziemann Paul J. , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Recent work has quantified the delay times in measurements of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) caused by the partitioning between the gas phase
and the surfaces of the inlet tubing and instrument itself. In this study we
quantify wall partitioning effects on time responses and transmission of
multifunctional, semivolatile, and intermediate-volatility organic compounds
(S/IVOCs) with saturation concentrations (C∗) between 100 and 104 µg m−3. The instrument delays of several chemical ionization
mass spectrometer (CIMS) instruments increase with decreasing C∗, ranging from
seconds to tens of minutes, except for the NO3- CIMS where it is
always on the order of seconds. Six different tubing materials were tested.
Teflon, including PFA, FEP, and conductive PFA, performs better than metals
and Nafion in terms of both delay time and transmission efficiency.
Analogous to instrument responses, tubing delays increase as C∗ decreases,
from less than a minute to >100 min. The delays caused by Teflon
tubing vs. C∗ can be modeled using the simple chromatography model of Pagonis
et al. (2017). The model can be used to estimate the equivalent absorbing
mass concentration (Cw) of each material, and to estimate delays under
different flow rates and tubing dimensions. We also include time delay
measurements from a series of small polar organic and inorganic analytes in
PFA tubing measured by CIMS. Small polar molecules behave differently than
larger organic ones, with their delays being predicted by their Henry's law
constants instead of their C∗, suggesting the dominance of partitioning to
small amounts of water on sampling surfaces as a result of their polarity
and acidity properties. PFA tubing has the best performance for gas-only
sampling, while conductive PFA appears very promising for sampling S/IVOCs
and particles simultaneously. The observed delays and low transmission both
affect the quality of gas quantification, especially when no direct
calibration is available. Improvements in sampling and instrument response
are needed for fast atmospheric measurements of a wide range of S/IVOCs
(e.g., by aircraft or for eddy covariance). These methods and results are
also useful for more general characterization of surface–gas interactions.
Latitudinal variation of Pc3-Pc5 geomagnetic pulsation amplitude across the dip equator in central South America
Authors: da Silva Graziela Belmira Dias , Padilha Antonio Lopes , Alves Lívia Ribeiro
Published: June 2019

Abstract. In order to clarify the equatorial electrojet effects on ground magnetic pulsations in central South America, we statistically analyzed the amplitude structure of Pc3 and Pc5 pulsations recorded during quiet to moderately disturbed days at multiple equatorial stations nearly aligned along the 10° magnetic meridian. It was observed that Pc3 amplitudes are attenuated around noon at the dip equator for periods shorter than ~ 35 s. It is proposed that daytime Pc3s are related to MHD compressional waves incident vertically on the ionosphere, with the screening effect induced by enhanced conductivity in the dip equator causing wave attenuation. Daytime Pc5s showed amplitude enhancement at all equatorial stations, which can be explained by the model of waves excited at higher latitudes and propagating equatorward in an Earth-ionosphere waveguide. However, a slight depression in Pc5 amplitude compared to neighboring equatorial stations and a phase lag in relation to an off-equatorial station were detected at the dip equator. This result cannot be explained by the ionospheric waveguide model alone and we propose that an alternative propagation model that allows ULF waves to penetrate directly from the magnetosphere to low latitudes could be operating simultaneously to produce these features at the dip equator. Significant effects of the sunrise terminator on Pc3 pulsations were also observed at the stations closest to the dip equator. Contrary to what is reported at other longitudes, in central South America the sunrise effect increases the H-to-D amplitude ratio. We suggest that these differences may arise from the unique characteristics of this sector, with a strong longitudinal variation in the magnetic declination and precipitation of energetic particles due to the presence of the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly. The H-component amplification can be explained by enhancements of the zonal electric field near the magnetic equator driven by F-region neutral winds during sunrise.
When trees don’t act their age: size-deterministic tree-ring standardization for long-tern trend estimation in shade-tolerant trees
Authors: Dietrich Rachel , Anand Madhur
Published: June 2019

Abstract. With increasing awareness of the consequences of climate change for global ecosystems, the focus and application of tree-ring research has shifted to reconstruction of long-term climate-related trends in tree growth. Contemporary methods for removing the biological growth-trend from tree-ring series (standardization) are ill-adapted to shade-tolerant species, leading to biases in the resultant chronology. Further, many methods, including regional curve standardization (RCS), encounter significant limitations for species in which accurate age estimation is difficult. In this study we present and test two tree-ring standardization models that integrate tree size in the year of ring formation into the estimation of the biological growth-trend. The first method, dubbed size deterministic standardization (SDS), uses tree diameter as the sole predictor of the growth-trend. The second method includes the combined (COMB) effects of age and diameter. We show that both the SDS and COMB methods reproduce long-term trends in simulated tree-ring data better than conventional methods – this result is consistent across multiple species. Further, when applied to real tree-ring data, the COMB method is more parsimonious than its than RCS. We recommend the inclusion of tree size in the year of ring formation in future tree-ring standardization models, particularly when dealing with shade-tolerant species, as it does not compromise model parsimony and allows for the inclusion of unaged trees.
Hypersensitivity of glacial temperatures in Siberia
Authors: Bakker Pepijn , Rogozhina Irina , Merkel Ute , Prange Matthias
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Climate change in Siberia is currently receiving a lot of attention as large permafrost-covered areas could provide a strong positive feedback to global warming through the release of carbon that has been sequestered there on glacial-interglacial time scales. Geological evidence and climate model experiments show that the Siberian region also played an exceptional role during glacial periods. The region that is currently known for its harsh cold climate did not experience major glaciations during the last ice age, including its severest stages around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). On the contrary, it is thought that glacial summer temperatures were comparable to present-day. We combine LGM experiments from the second and third phases of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP2 and PMIP3) with sensitivity experiments with the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Together these climate model experiments reveal that the intermodel spread in LGM summer temperatures in Siberia is much larger than in any other region of the globe and suggest that temperatures in Siberia are highly susceptible to changes in the imposed glacial boundary conditions, the included feedbacks and processes, and to the model physics of the different components of the climate model. We find that changes in the large-scale atmospheric stationary wave pattern and associated northward heat transport drive strong local snow and vegetation feedbacks and that this combination explains the susceptibility of LGM summer temperatures in Siberia. This suggests that a small difference between two glacial periods in terms of climate, ice buildup or their respective evolution towards maximum glacial conditions, can lead to strongly divergent summer temperatures in Siberia, that are sufficiently strong to allow for the buildup of an ice sheet during some glacial periods, while during others, above-freezing summer temperatures will preclude a multi-year snow-pack from forming.
Analysis of an extreme weather event in a hyper-arid region using WRF-Hydro coupling, station, and satellite data
Authors: Wehbe Youssef , Temimi Marouane , Weston Michael , Chaouch Naira , Branch Oliver , Schwitalla Thomas , Wulfmeyer Volker , Zhan Xiwu , Liu Jicheng , Al Mandous Abdulla
Published: June 2019

Abstract. This study investigates an extreme weather event that impacted the
United Arab Emirates (UAE) in March 2016, using the Weather Research and
Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.7.1 coupled with its hydrological modeling
extension package (WRF-Hydro). Six-hourly forecasted forcing records at
0.5∘ spatial resolution, obtained from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast
System (GFS), are used to drive the three nested downscaling domains of both
standalone WRF and coupled WRF–WRF-Hydro configurations for the recent
flood-triggering storm. Ground and satellite observations over the UAE are
employed to validate the model results. The model performance was assessed
using precipitation from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission (30 min, 0.1∘ product), soil moisture
from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2; daily, 0.1∘ product) and the NOAA Soil Moisture Operational Products System (SMOPS; 6-hourly, 0.25∘ product), and cloud fraction retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Atmosphere product (MODATM; daily, 5 km product). The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), relative
bias (rBIAS), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) are used as performance
measures. Results show reductions of 24 % and 13 % in RMSE and rBIAS
measures, respectively, in precipitation forecasts from the coupled
WRF–WRF-Hydro model configuration, when compared to standalone WRF. The
coupled system also shows improvements in global radiation forecasts, with
reductions of 45 % and 12 % for RMSE and rBIAS, respectively.
Moreover, WRF-Hydro was able to simulate the spatial distribution of soil
moisture reasonably well across the study domain when compared to AMSR2-derived soil
moisture estimates, despite a noticeable dry and wet bias in areas where soil
moisture is high and low. Temporal and spatial variabilities of simulated soil moisture compare well to estimates from the NOAA SMOPS product, which
indicates the model's capability to simulate surface drainage. Finally, the
coupled model showed a shallower planetary boundary layer (PBL) compared to the standalone WRF
simulation, which is attributed to the effect of soil moisture feedback. The
demonstrated improvement, at the local scale, implies that WRF-Hydro coupling
may enhance hydrological and meteorological forecasts in hyper-arid
environments.
Understanding volcanic facies in the subsurface: a combined core, wireline logging and image log data set from the PTA2 and KMA1 boreholes, Big Island, Hawai`i
Authors: Jerram Dougal A. , Millett John M. , Kück Jochem , Thomas Donald , Planke Sverre , Haskins Eric , Lautze Nicole , Pierdominici Simona
Published: June 2019

Abstract. To help understand volcanic facies in the subsurface, data sets
that enable detailed comparisons between down-hole geophysical data and cored
volcanic intervals are critical. However, in many cases, the collection of
extended core intervals within volcanic sequences is rare and often
incomplete due to challenging coring conditions. In this contribution we
outline and provide initial results from borehole logging operations within
two fully cored lava-dominated borehole sequences, PTA2 and KMA1, on the Big
Island of Hawai`i. Data for spectral gamma, magnetic susceptibility, dipmeter
resistivity, sonic, total magnetic field, temperature and televiewer wireline
logs were successfully acquired for the open hole interval ca. 889 m to 1567 m within the PTA2 borehole. Spectral gamma was also collected from inside the
casing of both wells, extending the coverage for PTA2 to the surface and
covering the interval from ca. 300 to 1200 m for KMA1. High-quality core
material was available for both boreholes with almost complete recovery which
enabled high-resolution core-to-log integration. Gamma data are generally low
commonly in the range ca. 7–20 gAPI but are shown to increase up to API of
ca. 60 with some intrusions and with increases in hawaiite compositions in
the upper part of PTA2. Velocity data are more variable due to alteration
within porous volcanic facies than with burial depth, with a general degrease
down-hole. The high-resolution televiewer data have been compared directly to
the core, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the variations in the
televiewer responses. This has enabled the identification of key features
including individual vesicles, vesicle segregations, strained vesicles,
chilled margins, rubble zones, intrusive contacts and pāhoehoe lobe
morphologies, which can be confidently matched between the televiewer data
and the full diameter core. The data set and results of this study include
findings which should enable improved borehole facies analysis through
volcanic sequences in the future, especially where down-borehole data and images
but no core are available.
ICDP workshop on scientific drilling of Nam Co on the Tibetan Plateau: 1 million years of paleoenvironmental history, geomicrobiology, tectonics and paleomagnetism derived from sediments of a high-altitude lake
Authors: Haberzettl Torsten , Daut Gerhard , Schulze Nora , Spiess Volkhard , Wang Junbo , Zhu Liping ,   the 2018 Nam Co
workshop party
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau is
of peculiar societal relevance as it provides freshwater from the so-called
“Water Tower of Asia” to a large portion of the Asian population. However,
future climate change will affect the hydrological cycle in this area. To
define parameters for future climate change scenarios it is necessary to
improve the knowledge about thresholds, timing, pace and intensity of past
climatic changes and associated environmental impacts. Sedimentary archives
reaching far back in time and spanning several glacial–interglacial cycles
such as Nam Co provide the unique possibility to extract such information. In
order to explore the scientific opportunities that an ICDP drilling effort at
Nam Co would provide, 40 scientists from 13 countries representing various
scientific disciplines met in Beijing from 22 to 24 May 2018. Besides
paleoclimatic investigations, opportunities for paleomagnetic, deep
biosphere, tectonic and paleobiological studies were discussed. After having
explored the technical and logistical challenges and the scientific
opportunities all participants agreed on the great value and need to drill
this extraordinary archive, which has a sediment thickness of more than
1 km, likely covering more than 1 Ma.
PHENOTYPES OF EOSINOPHILS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ATOPIC BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Asiryn Elena , Novikov Pavel , Matsiushchanka Volha , Vaidelienė Laimutė , Misevičiūtė Goda , Vaidelys Lukas
Published: June 2019

The aim of the research was to study the phenotype of eosinophils in children with atopic bronchial asthma and their role as diagnostic criteria of the disease. Materials and methods. We have examined 130 children aged from 6 to 18 years old with atopic bronchial asthma. The control group consisted of 40 healthy children from 6 to 18 years old, who didn’t have allergic diseases. During the research the relative and absolute levels of eosinophils, the level of eosinophils carrying FcεRI and FcεRII (CD23) – receptors were established.

Results. The relative level of eosinophils in asthmatic children was 6.00% [3.00; 8.00], the absolute level – 417.00 cells/μL [232.00; 636,00], which is significantly higher compared to control group, where the relative level was 2.50% [1.00; 3.00%] and the absolute level was 166.50 cells/μl [86.00; 213.00] (p<0.001). The level of eosinophils carrying the FcεRI receptor was 420,00 cells/μl [250,00; 660,00], which is significantly higher than in the control group – 200,00 cells/μl [140,00; 240.00] (p<0.001). The relative level of eosinophils carrying CD23 receptor on their surface was 62.20% [35.40; 76.60] and the absolute level –223.37 cells/μl [105.30; 375.24]. The results are significantly higher than those of the control group: 25.45% [14.30; 30,60] (p<0,001), and 30,88 cells/μl [25,63; 42.84] (p <0.0001) respectively. It was found in the ROC-analysis that there is high evidence of presence of atopic bronchial asthma if absolute levels of eosinophils carrying CD23 receptor was 73.008 cells/μl or more or the relative index – 35.10% and more.
Conclusions. The relative and absolute levels of eosinophils, as well as eosinophils carrying FcεRI and CD23 receptors are statistically significantly higher in atopic bronchial asthma than in control group patients. Increased number or relative index (73.008 cells/μl or ≥ 35.10% respectively) of eosinophils carrying CD 23 receptors can be considered as a diagnostic criterion of atopic bronchial asthma.
SLAUGOS NAUJOVĖS SLAUGANT SUNKIAI NUDEGUSIUS PACIENTUS
Authors: Žavoronok Olga , Kielaitė Viktorija , Razbadauskas Artūras , Fatkulina Natalja
Published: June 2019

Nudegimai išlieka pasaulyje vyraujančia mirties priežastimi. Dažniausiai nudegimai sukelia daug fizinių, psichologinių, finansinių, estetinių ir socialinių neigiamų pasekmių. Vis dėlto pažangios technologijos, slaugos strategijos suteikia galimybę išgyventi net tais atvejais, kai patiriami ypač sunkūs nudegimai [1]. Per kelis dešimtmečius slaugos personalo vaidmuo ir taikomos technologijos tapo nebeefektyvios, jos paseno, todėl būtina į slaugos procesą integruoti kuo naujausią ir geriausią naudą pacientams su nudegimais teikiančias priemones, slaugos metodus ir strategijas. Praktikoje sutinkama įvairių priemonių ir metodų, kurie yra pritaikomi nudegusių pacientų slaugos procese.

Darbo tikslas buvo išnagrinėti slaugos naujoves slaugant sunkiai nudegusius pacientus.

Rezultatai. Atliktos literatūros analizės metu išsiaiškinta, kad slaugytojų poreikis pasaulyje yra išaugęs, jie vaidina svarbų vaidmenį kiekvieno paciento gydymo procese, o slaugos procesas turi būti grindžiamas daugiafunkcinio medicinos personalo, paciento ir šeimos narių tarpusavio bendradarbiavimo ir slaugos priežiūros koncepcijos pagrindu.

Išanalizavus literatūrą nustatyta, kad siekiant užtikrinti pacientų su įvairiais nudegimais interesus, būtina naudoti novatoriškus prietaisus, slaugos būdus ir technologijas, o virtualios realybės prietaisų, įvairių tyrimais pagrįstų slaugos priemonių naudojimas bei sisteminės priežiūros įgyvendinimas yra pagrindiniai veiksniai, darantys įtaką geresnei pacientų fizinei ir psichologinei savijautai.
A Trivium-Based Heuristic: Reemphasizing Listening in the General Education Curriculum
Authors: Sherman Derek R.
Published: June 2019

This article argues for classical education's trivium—grammar, logic, and rhetoric—and its step-by-step building of knowledge as a heuristic for general education courses. Specifically, courses must intertwine the four rhetorical acts of reading, writing, speaking, and listening to achieve a trivium-based heuristic. Current curricula, however, have separated these four rhetorical acts—especially listening—from one another and have left their teaching to competing departments. All general education courses—regardless of department—should combine the rhetorical acts through this trivium-based heuristic to better prepare students for communicating and transferring knowledge. A reorientation toward listening and self-reflective practices as a theoretical basis in general education achieves this trivium-based heuristic and the goals of a liberal arts education.
General Education Reconsidered
Authors: Schejbal David
Published: June 2019

Public perception of the liberal arts is declining. Yet the cognitive skills that a liberal education aims to engender are the key skills that employers and the public value most. To address this seeming paradox, we must redesign the general education core and focus squarely on essential outcomes. Specifically, we must ensure that when students graduate, they are able to apply key cognitive skills such as effective communication, cultural sensitivity, ethics and values, information and technology literacy, relational skills, and quantitative literacy in their personal and professional lives. The most effective way to ensure this outcome is to focus on it directly and unequivocally in curriculum design.
AVALIAÇÃO DO CICLO DE VIDA COMO UMA FERRAMENTA DE ANÁLISE DE IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS E CONCEITO APLICADOS EM PROGRAMAS EDUCATIVOS
Authors: Dutra Ana Carolina , Mederiros Gerson Araújo de , Gianelli Bruno Fernando
Published: June 2019

A educação ambiental é parte do processo de educação no qual se constroemvalores voltados para a conservação do meio ambiente, contribuindo para ocombate à crise ambiental. A avaliação do ciclo de vida estima os potenciaisimpactos ambientais gerados durante todo o ciclo de vida de uma atividade.Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os potenciais impactos ambientais produzidospor um programa de educação ambiental pela visão do ciclo de vida e proporuma metodologia tanto para inserção desse conceito em atividades deeducação ambiental como de avaliação do desempenho ambiental de outrosprogramas educativos. A partir do uso do programa computacional SimaPro7.3.0, o cenário de destino final de resíduos representou 67,1% dos impactosambientais totais, a maior parte devido ao transporte de resíduos orgânicosao aterro sanitário, seguido de outras atividades envolvendo logística.Encontra-se na compostagem desse tipo de resíduo a redução de até 37% deimpactos em relação ao cenário original.
In the Name of Circularity: Environmental Improvement and Business Slowdown in a Chinese Recycling Hub
Authors: Schulz Yvan , Lora-Wainwright Anna
Published: June 2019

This article examines the concept of ‘circular economy’ by looking at its effects on recycling activities in China, in particular through the lens of e-waste or DEEE (discarded electrical and electronic equipment). It focuses on a case study of the recent changes in the globally notorious DEEE recycling hub of Guiyu since plans for the construction of a ‘circular economy industrial park’ unfolded. Drawing on fieldwork carried out by the authors annually since 2012, the article points to the highly disruptive character of changes operated by the Chinese state in the name of increased circularity. After more than two decades of severe pollution, environmental betterment in Guiyu was long overdue. But it came at a high price: a marked business slowdown that forced the majority of workshops to close down. As activities and discards started concentrating in the park, so did profits in the hands of the local elite. This leads us to argue that the circular economy in China, which is ostensibly about improving resource efficiency, can in practice have more to do with controlling who benefits economically from recycling activities.
Plaguicidas para el manejo del ácaro blanco (Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Banks.) (Acarina; Tarsonemidae), en pimiento dulce (Capsicum annuum L.), bajo condiciones protegidas en Nicaragua
Authors: Raudez-Centeno Darwin , Jiménez-Martínez Edgardo
Published: June 2019

El ácaro blanco Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) es la principal plaga causante de pérdidas económicas en el pimiento dulce en San Isidro, Matagalpa. En base a esta problemática se realizó un estudio, con el objetivo de evaluar pesticidas e identifi car el tratamiento más efectivo en el manejo de ácaro blanco en chiltoma variedad tres cantos bajo condiciones protegidas. El ensayo se realizó en el período de mayo a julio del 2016. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron Ajo+chile+- jabón, Caldo sulfocalcico, Oberón® y Abamectina® comparándolo con el testigo que fue solamente agua, las variables evaluadas fueron número de ácaro blanco por planta, incidencia, severidad, altura y rendimiento en (kg ha-1) y algunas variables económicas como análisis del presupuesto parcial, análisis de dominancia y análisis de la tasa de retorno marginal el diseño experimental fue de bloque completo al azar (BCA) con tres repeticiones. Los resultados demuestran que el tratamiento Oberón® y Ajo+chile+jabón presentan el mejor efecto sobre el control de ácaro blanco al obtener menores individuos por planta y la menor incidencia, al igual el tratamiento Ajo+chile+- jabón y el tratamiento Oberón® presentaron los menores porcentajes de severidad, no se presentó diferencia entre las alturas de los tratamientos evaluados, los mejores rendimientos comerciales los obtuvieron los tratamientos Oberón® y el tratamiento Ajo+chile+jabón, la mejor tasa de retorno marginal fue lograda por el tratamiento Ajo+chile+jabón, seguido del tratamiento Oberón®
Comparación entre los frotis de sangre central y sangre periférica para el diagnóstico de hemoparásitos en bovinos
Authors: Rimbaud Giambruno Enrique , Mayorga-Escobar Maryuri Inés , Guerrero Rojas Luis Miguel , López Badilla Ana Cristina , Vázquez Díaz Marcela Alejandra
Published: June 2019

Frente a desavenencias planteadas entre el diagnóstico clínico y laboratorial, se decide hacer un estudio comparativo entre el estudio diagnóstico de muestras de sangre central y periférica, para comparar resultados. Se muestrearon 100 vacas de diez fi ncas diferentes (10 vacas de cada fi nca), en la localidad de Pancasan, Matagalpa, Nicaragua, extrayendo de cada una, muestras de sangre central (vena yugular) y periférica (vena auricular). Todas las muestras fueron procesadas mediante frotis delgado, frotis de gota gruesa y visualización del capilar (Técnica de Woo), tiñéndolas tanto con los colorantes de Diff Quick, como con Giemsa. Los análisis de sangre central o periférica tienen errores muy grandes, mayores al 20%, como para confi ar plenamente en solo uno de ellos en el resultado de estudios sobre hemoparásitos. La sangre periférica solamente es más efi caz en el diagnóstico en un 2.79%, lo que no es signifi cativo (p < 0.1). Se recomienda realización de ambos análisis simultáneos (sangre central y periférica) para futuros diagnósticos de hemoparásitos en el laboratorio.
Psychological wellbeing and resilience among Egyptian community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Sharaf Amira Y. , Ibrahim Hanaa S. , Lachine Ola A.
Published: June 2019

Background: Aging represents a time of significant challenges as well as opportunities for growth. Resilience helps older adults adjust to ongoing demands of aging. Little is known, however, about individual factors that bolster resilience. This study examines the potential contribution of psychological wellbeing in building resilience in older adults.Methods: A sample of 150 community-dwelling older adults was recruited from elder clubs in Alexandria, Egypt. Participant interviews included measures of resilience, psychological wellbeing, as well as measures of physical and psycho-social functioning.Results: Psychological wellbeing and resilience were positively and strongly correlated (r = .70, p < .001). Resilience was significantly associated with five dimensions of psychological wellbeing: mastery of environment (r = .54, p < .001), self-acceptance (r = .53, p < .001), personal growth, and purpose in life (both r = .49, p < .001), and autonomy (r = .36, p < .001). A weak, but significant association was found with the sixth dimension, positive relationship with others (r = .29, p < .001). Adjusting for potential confounding variables, psychological wellbeing remained significantly associated with resilience (β = .59, p < .001). Mastery of environment (β = .23, p < .01), autonomy (β = .20, p < .01), personal growth (β = .19, p < .01), and purpose in life (β = .18, p < .01), were independently influenced resilience among older adults.Conclusions: The findings highlight the adaptive function of psychological wellbeing in boosting resilience among older adults. Nursing strategies to optimize resilience and psychological wellbeing among older adults are delineated.
Criminologie en bijzonder strafrecht
Authors: van der Vorm B. , Huisman W.
Published: June 2019

Criminologie en bijzonder strafrecht – Over de betekenis van de criminologie voor de handhaving van het bestuursrecht en het bijzondere strafrecht

In deze bijdrage wordt in het kort het onderwerp van dit themanummer geïntroduceerd. In dit redactioneel wordt de invloed en betekenis van de criminologie voor de publiekrechtelijke rechtshandhaving verkend. Daarnaast wordt aan de hand van de verschillende bijdragen aan dit themanummer het speelveld van deze vorm van criminologie verkend.
Afstand of nabijheid?
Authors: Meerts C.A.
Published: June 2019

Afstand of nabijheid? Publiek-private relaties rondom normovertredend gedrag van werknemers

Private veiligheid staat in de belangstelling. Hierbij richt de belangstelling zich dan vooral op de rol die private actoren kunnen spelen in het beheersen van (publieke) veiligheidsvraagstukken in het kader van publiek-private samenwerking. Inmiddels bestaat er een robuuste basis aan empirisch en theoretisch werk over publiek-private verhoudingen in het veiligheidsdomein. Dit werk is echter vooral gefocust op private veiligheid. In dit artikel wordt er gekeken naar private opsporing en de verhoudingen tussen deze private actoren en het strafrechtelijk systeem. Op basis van een aantal interessante kenmerken van de private onderzoeksmarkt pleit dit artikel voor een frisse benadering van publiek-private contacten.