bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL-6: Sinalização na Hipertrofia Muscular e efeitos Metabólicos Sistêmicos
Authors: da Costa Eduardo Militz , Werutsky Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2020

São chamadas miocinas as substâncias produzidas no músculo esqueléticodevido a contração muscular induzida por exercícios de força. Possuem a propriedade de agir localmente no músculo esquelético, onde são secretadas, e também à distância, em outros órgãos e tecidos do corpo humano. Nesta revisão, serão abordados aspectos relevantes apresentados em pesquisas científicas com alto grau de evidência sobre a sinalização da Interleucina-6 (IL-6) na hipertrofia muscular induzida por treinamento de exercícios de força, e também ainda a ação que exerce na sua liberação pelo músculo esquelético na corrente sangüínea, conseqüentemente então acarretando efeitos em outros órgãos e tecidos, demonstrando importante papel na interação do sistema imunoneuroendócrino, e efeitos prós e anti-inflamatórios sistêmicos.
Nutrologia e nutrição em unidade de terapia intensiva: sinergia em busca de excelência
Authors: Muñoz Karen Fernanda Ferruch , Pereira Caroline Aguiar , de Lima Júlia Romero , Lora Priscila Schmidt
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: A terapia nutricional, apesar dos guidelines atuais, parece não ser vista ainda como uma importante estratégia terapêutica em pacientes críticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atuação conjunta de uma equipe composta por médico nutrólogo e nutricionista em UTI através da aferição de indicadores de qualidade como tempo de jejum e adequação de recebimento calórico. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo-descritivo realizado em unidade de terapia intensiva adulta mista, com pacientes que permaneceram mais de 24 horas internados na unidade. Os pacientes receberam nutroterapia conforme protocolo baseado em consensos e adaptado para a unidade. Foram coletados dados demográficos e clínicos; via nutricional, hora de início da terapia, volume prescrito e volume recebido de dieta enteral. Resultados: Dos 89 pacientes avaliados, 48 (53,9%) iniciaram com alimentação por via oral, 2 (2,2%) por via parenteral e 39 (43,8%) por via enteral. O tempo para início de terapia enteral foi de 24 h e 25 min (IQ: 7-44 h) e 87,2% dos pacientes receberam dieta enteral nas primeiras 48 horas de internação. Para pacientes cirúrgicos (n=42) o tempo para início de dieta por qualquer via foi de 20 h e 59 min ( IQ: 14 h 45 min - 41 h 15 min) . Foram infundidas 87% das calorias prescritas via enteral durante os 284 dias avaliados. Conclusão: A presença de uma equipe composta por médico nutrólogo e nutricionista pode ser capaz de atender as necessidades de atenção e conhecimento específico em terapia nutricional trazendo qualidade e excelência comprovadas através dos indicadores medidos.
É Possível Evitar a Recuperação do Peso após o Emagrecimento?
Authors: Peccin Simone
Published: February 2020

A obesidade é uma doença crônica progressiva e recidivante, e alcança proporções de epidemia global. É uma causa prevenível e tratável de aumento de mortalidade precoce, entretanto, na maior parte dos casos, alcança apenas sucesso temporário. O emagrecimento em pessoas obesas provoca aumento persistente dos hormônios orexígenos e redução dos sacietógenos, o que leva a um contínuo aumento da fome e redução do gasto de energia corporal. No ambiente obesogênico atual, este desequilíbrio metabólico provoca recidiva da obesidade. O foco do tratamento da obesidade deve estar na manutenção do peso reduzido, com a escolha de dietas com maior teor de proteínas, exercício intenso frequente e uso de associações de medicamentos que se contraponham à adaptação metabólica que se manifesta com o emagrecimento.
Peso materno em gestantes de baixo risco na atenção pré-natal
Authors: Santos José Gilmar Costa , da Silva Jacqueline Mazzotti Cavalcanti , Passos Ailane Maria Prado Reis , Monteiro Bruna Karoline Santos Melo , Maia Milena Mauricio , da Silva Rosileide Alves , da Silva Jacqueline Mazzotti Cavalcanti , Dias Júlia Maria Gonçalves
Published: February 2020

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o estado nutricional de gestantes de baixo risco durante o pré-natal, caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e quantificar as pacientes com peso inadequado. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, prospectivo em gestantes de baixo risco atendidas em postos de saúde de Aracaju, Sergipe, no período de março a junho de 2014. A avaliação seguiu o padrão nutricional preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) e foi realizada em três consultas consecutivas, onde o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) foi calculado pelo pesquisador. Dados socioeconômicos e gestacionais das pacientes foram colocados em formulário próprio. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o software EPI-INFO, confeccionadas tabelas de distribuição de frequências e realizados testes de associação de variáveis. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionadas 188 gestantes, destas 150 foram elegíveis. A média de idade foi de 26 anos, com desvio padrão de 6,53. O peso pré-gestacional médio foi de 56,3 kg (± 20,8), os pesos médios na primeira, segunda e terceira avaliações foram 65,17 kg (± 12,8), 67,56 kg (± 12,9) e 69,97 kg (± 12,6), respectivamente. O preenchimento do cartão da gestante estava incompleto em 63% dos casos. No período pré-gestacional, 14% encontravam-se desnutridas e 14% obesas. Foi observada associação significativa entre o IMC identificado nas consultas e a inadequação do IMC prégestacional (p<0,01). CONCLUSÕES: A maioria das gestantes apresentou IMC alterado ao longo das avaliações. O preenchimento de cartão pré-natal se mostrou inadequado, mas não houve associação com o IMC no decorrer da gestação. O fator relacionado com a alteração de IMC gestacional foi o IMC pré-gestacional inadequado.
Descrição do Tempo de Jejum Pré-Procedimentos em um Serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica
Authors: Lewandowski Cláudia Georgiadis , Valmórbida Julia , Gregianin Lauro José , da Cruz Luciane Beitler
Published: February 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A conduta de abreviação do tempo de jejum pré-operatório é um dos cuidados nutricionais atuais em relação aos pacientes cirúrgicos. A resposta metabólica ao trauma cirúrgico pode ser potencializada pelo jejum. A descrição do tempo real de jejum pré-procedimentos nos permite revisar antigos paradigmas. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as práticas em relação ao tempo de jejum pré-procedimento em um Serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica. METODOLOGIA: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo, de consulta a prontuário, incluindo pacientes entre zero e 18 anos, internados no Serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica de um hospital universitário de Porto Alegre, com diagnóstico de câncer, que iniciaram jejum para exames ou procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos, no período entre julho e setembro de 2014. RESULTADOS: Foi incluído um total de 30 pacientes, 57% do sexo feminino, com uma média de idade de 9 anos (± 5 anos). Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram leucemia (40%), linfoma (13%), osteossarcoma (13%) e neuroblastoma (13%). Os procedimentos mais frequentemente realizados foram: colocação de cateter totalmente implantável, biópsia de medula óssea e quimioterapia intratecal. Todos os pacientes tiveram um tempo de jejum pré-procedimento maior ou igual a 6 horas, sendo que 66% desses pacientes permaneceram em jejum por 10h ou mais, e 23% chegaram a ficar 12h ou mais horas em jejum. CONCLUSÃO: Nenhum paciente teve seu jejum pré-procedimento realizado de acordo com os guidelines atuais. Nossa expectativa é de que a abreviação do jejum pré-operatório seja considerada, podendo reduzir sintomas físicos e alterações metabólicas.
Perfil de crianças atendidas em programa de fornecimento de fórmulas infantis
Authors: Redigolo Luciana Rigotto Parada , da Silva Silvia Sidnéia , Dutra-de-Oliveira José Eduardo , Silva Marta Angélica Iossi , Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil das crianças atendidas no Ambulatório de Nutrologia da rede municipal de saúde de Ribeirão Preto, por meio do protocolo inicial de fornecimento de fórmulas infantis. Casuística e Método: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado por meio de levantamento documental, dos dados de 924 crianças que receberam fórmula infantil no período de 2009 a 2013. Resultados: Constatou-se que 50,2% eram do sexo masculino, 28% crianças foram incluídas aos 2 meses de idade, a prematuridade foi a causa biológica em 42% das crianças e a fórmula foi oferecida como único alimento em 52,6% dos casos. Conclusão: As crianças que recebem a fórmula como complemento devem ser alvo de maior investimento quanto à promoção do aleitamento materno, com maior empenho das equipes de saúde nas ações voltadas para a amamentação, principalmente no puerpério imediato, onde é possível minimizar as intercorrências mamárias
Atividade física, nutrição, farmacoterapia; a obesidade e seus tratamentos: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: de Faria André Pinto Lemos
Published: February 2020

O interesse principal desta revisão é avaliar as estratégias e métodos farmacológicos ou não para o tratamento da obesidade e sobrepeso. A obesidade é, hoje, umas das principais doenças da vida moderna; tendências de transição nutricional ocorridas neste século direcionam para uma dieta mais ocidentalizada, a qual, aliada à diminuição progressiva da atividade física, converge para o aumento no número de casos de obesidade em todo o mundo. Isto representa aumento na morbidade e na mortalidade associadas à obesidade, já que esta é fator de risco para várias doenças. Como uma DCNT (doença crônica não transmissível) a IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation) atribui 3,4 milhões de mortes e uma prevalência de 37% da população mundial adulta com obesidade e sobrepeso de 1980 - 2013. A obesidade apresenta-se não apenas como problema científico e de saúde pública, mas também como grande desafio à indústria, envolvendo o desenvolvimento de fármacos, de alimentos modificados entre outros e, ainda, estratégias governamentais estimulando a prática regular de atividade física e a orientação alimentar, a fim de promover melhorias dos hábitos salutares. Assim, a avaliação de recursos e estratégias preventivas da obesidade são objetos de estudos de pesquisadores de inúmeros centros.
Abordagem nutrológica do transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade em crianças
Authors: de Alvarenga Noé Tadeu Gomes
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é conduzir uma revisão não-sistemática da literatura disponível sobre a abordagem nutrológica do Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) em crianças. Os numerosos tratamentos nutrológicos que têm sido propostos incluem dietas de restrição e eliminação de alimentos (REDs), suplementação com ácidos graxos ômega-3, ferro, zinco e magnésio.
Influência do sobrepeso sobre a Estrutura de Sustentação Osteomuscular
Authors: Guerreiro Carlos Tostes , Iannetta Renata , Marchini José Sérgio , Filho Durval Ribas , Feitosa Ricardo Barelli , Iannetta Odilon
Published: February 2020

Introdução: Neste século, entre as inúmeras enfermidades crônicas, destacam-se a obesidade e a osteoporose que, em decorrência da crescente e elevada prevalência, passaram a ser consideradas epidêmicas e dois graves problemas de saúde pública. São escassas as pesquisas multidisciplinares referentes às queixas clínicas osteomusculares em portadores de sobrepeso e que avaliaram simultaneamente o estado da estrutura de sustentação osteomuscular e a composição óssea. A Nova Biologia Óssea, desde tenra idade, possibilita rastrear as duas matrizes ósseas (proteica e inorgânica), bem como o estado da estrutura de sustentação do sistema osteomuscular. Na atualidade, é possível rastrear de forma completa a matriz proteica óssea e detectar as alterações precoces decorrentes dos hábitos, costumes, medicações, ociosidade, deficiências hormonais, obesidade, doenças crônicas etc. O antigo entendimento de que a obesidade exerce ação protetora às fraturas foi comutado pelas pesquisas, no âmbito molecular, que constataram que o adipócito e os osteoblastos compartilham a mesma célula progenitora. Objetivo: Realizar o rastreamento das duas matrizes ósseas e comparar o padrão da estrutura de sustentação óssea em indivíduos adultos jovens saudáveis e em sobrepeso. Resultado: A comparação revelou que as duas ferramentas qualitativas acusaram diferença significativa para p < 0,001. A estratificação da ferramenta UBPI revelou que, em 7,7%, a qualidade óssea está inadequada nos portadores de sobrepeso e nenhum caso no grupo de controle. A estratificação do Perfil Biofísico Ósseo (PBO) detectou, nos sobrepesos, 43,1% com Perfil Inverso e nenhum caso no grupo de controle. Com relação à ferramenta quantitativa (T-score) não foram detectadas diferenças em suas três estratificações. Conclusão: em pacientes portadores de sobrepeso a análise precoce de duas ferramentas qualitativas ósseas (PBO e UBPI) disponibilizam informações importantes sobre a estrutura de sustentação osteomuscular diante das diferentes intervenções instituídas, facultando ao nutrólogo controles clínicos precisos e em curto prazo.
A importância da idade na síndrome metabólica em pacientes portadoras de ovários policísticos
Authors: Cavalcante Breno Garcia Cruz de Holanda , Gois Larissa Habib Mendonça , Santos José Gilmar Costa , da Silva Rosileide Alves , Dias Júlia Maria Gonçalves
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo objetiva avaliar a prevalencia e caracteristicas individuais da sindrome metabolica (SM) em mulheres sergipanas portadoras da sindrome dos ovarios policisticos (SOP) utilizando-se a idade como variavel de associacao. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, envolvendo 50 mulheres com idade entre 25 e 50 anos, com diagnostico de SOP, segundo os criterios de Rotterdam (2003). Para o diagnostico de SM foram adotados os criterios do National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). A prevalencia de sindrome metabolica foi de 56%. Quanto aos componentes individuais da SM, evidenciou-se: circunferencia abdominal > 88 cm em 72%, triglicerideos ≥ 150 mg/dl em 32%, HDL-colesterol < 50 mg/dl em 54%, glicemia de jejum ≥ 110 mg/dl em 26%, pressao arterial sistolica ≥ 130 mmHg em 52% e pressao arterial diastolica ≥ 85 mmHg em 40%. Pacientes com idade igual ou acima de 35 anos apresentaram maior percentual de Circunferencia Abdominal (CA) >88 cm (40%), niveis de triglicerideos alterados (20%), HDL-colesterol com niveis abaixo de 50 mg/dl (34%), valores alterados de glicemia de jejum (22%), Pressao Arterial Sistolica (PAS) igual ou acima de 130 mmHg (36%) e Pressao Arterial Diastolica (PAD) igual ou acima de 85 mmHg (26%). Houve associacao estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre a idade e as seguintes variaveis: CA, triglicerideos, glicemia de jejum e PAD. Houve prevalencia significativa de SM em mais da metade das mulheres avaliadas, indicando chances aumentadas para o desenvolvimento de Doencas Cardiovasculares (DCV) e apontando a necessidade de rastreamento de riscos cardiovasculares entre as mulheres com manifestacoes clinicas da SOP.
Hábito alimentar nos lanches intermediários de crianças escolares brasileiras de 7 a 11 anos: estudo em amostra nacional representativa
Authors: Fisberg Mauro , Previdelli Agatha Nogueira , Del’Arco Ana Paula Wolf Tasca , Tosatti Abykeyla , Nogueira-de-Almeid Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar a composição e o valor nutricional dos lanches intermediários das crianças escolares brasileiras. Metodologia: Análise secundária de questionário estruturado, sobre o tipo e quantidade dos alimentos consumidos nos lanches por um período de 3 dias, respondido pelas mães de 2.365 crianças de 7 a 11 anos de todas as regiões do Brasil. Resultados: 97,46% das crianças realizaram os lanches intermediários que, em média, foram compostos por 2,9 grupos de alimentos. Os lanches da manhã (LM) foram caracterizados por biscoitos, frutas e iogurtes. Nos lanches da tarde (LT), que geralmente se mostraram mais calóricos, o grupo dos iogurtes foi substituído pelos pães em geral. Em relação aos nutrientes, observou-se um consumo expressivo de açúcar de adição, com destaque para as regiões Centro-Oeste e Norte + Nordeste, cujo consumo total (LM + LT) de 28,3 gramas ultrapassou o limite diário preconizado pela OMS. Outro importante achado foi o consumo sódio, cujo consumo nas crianças da amostra Brasil, nos dois lanches, atingiu 65% do valor de AI em todos os lanches, sendo maior no LT. Conclusão: As crianças escolares brasileiras têm o hábito de realizar os lanches intermediários, o que favorece o preenchimento dos requerimentos nutricionais, principalmente de vitaminas e fibras. Porém, a composição dos lanches revelou um consumo expressivo de açúcar de adição e sódio, o que pode impactar negativamente na saúde das crianças. Isso reforça a necessidade de campanhas educativas tanto às crianças quanto aos responsáveis por sua alimentação.
Cognitive control of orofacial motor and vocal responses in the ventrolateral and dorsomedial human frontal cortex
Authors: Loh Kep Kee , Procyk Emmanuel , Neveu Rémi , Lamberton Franck , Hopkins William D. , Petrides Michael , Amiez Céline
Published: February 2020

In the primate brain, a set of areas in the ventrolateral frontal (VLF) cortex and the dorsomedial frontal (DMF) cortex appear to control vocalizations. The basic role of this network in the human brain and how it may have evolved to enable complex speech remain unknown. In the present functional neuroimaging study of the human brain, a multidomain protocol was utilized to investigate the roles of the various areas that comprise the VLF–DMF network in learning rule-based cognitive selections between different types of motor actions: manual, orofacial, nonspeech vocal, and speech vocal actions. Ventrolateral area 44 (a key component of the Broca’s language production region in the human brain) is involved in the cognitive selection of orofacial, as well as, speech and nonspeech vocal responses; and the midcingulate cortex is involved in the analysis of speech and nonspeech vocal feedback driving adaptation of these responses. By contrast, the cognitive selection of speech vocal information requires this former network and the additional recruitment of area 45 and the presupplementary motor area. We propose that the basic function expressed by the VLF–DMF network is to exert cognitive control of orofacial and vocal acts and, in the language dominant hemisphere of the human brain, has been adapted to serve higher speech function. These results pave the way to understand the potential changes that could have occurred in this network across primate evolution to enable speech production.
Diasporic media and counterpublics
Authors: Mădroane Irina Diana , Ciocea Mălina , Cârlan Alexandru I.
Published: February 2020

The article examines three Romanian diasporic publications in the UK, aiming to identify the formation of a diasporic counterpublic in opposition to mainstream anti-EU immigration stances, during and after the 2016 referendum. Drawing upon (critical) discourse analysis, argumentation theory and rhetoric, it proposes a discursive operationalisation of the concept of counterpublic, employed to analyse the articulation of exclusion and the expression of opposition in diasporic media. The diasporic contributions undermine the nativist logic of particular mainstream stances by exposing discrimination and injustice against EU immigrants as unacceptable for a democratic society, and by openly rejecting the identity-based hierarchies that uphold this logic. Such positions co-exist with the partial reproduction of symbolic boundaries, in a style that is similarly mixed (deliberation, irony, personal narratives, classic reporting and blog style). Despite these contradictory tendencies, critical awareness is raised through (self-)reflexivity and resistance, and claims grounded in EU citizenship rights are made.
Who are ‘the people’?
Authors: Pasitselska Olga , Baden Christian
Published: February 2020

As expressions without clear definition but with strong normative charging, empty signifiers play an important
role in political discourse. Uniting diverse populations under a common banner and endowing political demands with self-evident
legitimacy, they constitute a potent tool for rallying support for political action. Among empty signifiers, one particularly
versatile construct are ‘the people’ as bearers of ultimate political legitimacy. In this paper, we investigate how ‘the people’
are constructed in propagandistic conflict narratives during the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, imbuing the concept with different
meanings in the pursuit of competing political ends. We show how ‘the people’ are constructed as democratic sovereign, enduring
nation, moral humans or dispersed media publics, each time summoning different kinds of legitimacy and using different strategies
to construct encompassing consensus and marginalize dissent. We discuss implications for the study of ideological discourse,
populism and political communication.
“So my position is…”
Authors: Hutchby Ian
Published: February 2020

This article examines the interactional functions of the so-prefaced answer, when used by interviewees in news and
other political discussion broadcasts. Using the methods of conversation analysis, based on a data corpus of recent broadcasts
from British mainstream television, the analysis shows that the so-preface functions in a cluster of related ways within the
question-answer discourse structure of the political news interview. Specifically, it is used to reset or reframe the prior
question from a standpoint of epistemic authority, enabling the interviewee to answer on their terms rather than the
interviewer’s.
Who’s afraid of aggression
Authors: Stamouli Eirini
Published: February 2020

Impoliteness scholars have drawn attention to the fact that any deviation from the stereotypical ‘polite’ and ‘feminine’ behaviour, in certain communities of practice, is considered impolite and offensive (Mills 2005). The aim of the study is to investigate how im/politeness constructs gender identities in two Greek stage translations (1977, 2006) of Edward Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962), through analysis of how the translators reshape the im/polite behaviour in the interaction of the main couple to capture the audience’s attention. An emic approach to the analysis of the two translations, along with a glimpse into multimodal aspects of interaction, namely, the body language as manifested in the film adaptation of the play (1966), indicate subversion of gender roles and different levels of aggression in the two Greek versions, highlighting the significance of the chronological distance between the two translations. The study reveals that impoliteness theories can be applicable to stage translation, that body language may be another factor contributing to the shaping of im/politeness, while there is a growing awareness that relationships and gender roles, in the sphere of the spectacle, continuously embrace aggression for entertainment purposes.
Blaming, critique and irritation in the family through translation
Authors: Rigalou Aristea
Published: February 2020

This study intends (a) to heighten awareness of how impoliteness scholarship may enlighten translation research and practice, and (b) to broaden the scope of research in impoliteness studies by considering stage translation data. It examines Tennessee Williams’ playThe Glass Menagerie([1944] 2018) and two of its Greek translated versions (byNikos Spanias, 1946/1987,Γυάλινος Κόσμος[Glass World] and byErrikos Belies, 2001/2014,Ο Γυάλινος Κόσμος[The Glass World]). It attempts an intra-cultural comparison of the two translations to examine how translators rendered impoliteness in family interaction, taking into account their chronological gap. The study takes an emic perspective to the data, designs a questionnaire eliciting respondents’ evaluation of impolite options and usesGarcia-Pastor’s (2008)model of face-aggravating strategies to account for the findings. Findings show that the second translation conveys the conflict between the main characters in more concrete terms, exploiting more face-aggravating strategies in relation to the first translation. The study also shows that the respondents seem to favour more impolite renderings by considering the characters’ intimate relationships, confirming the connection between intimacy and impoliteness. The significance of the research lies in the fact that it broadens the scope of (im)politeness theory and studies to include another field that could provide data for the research of such instances of interaction, namely translation studies and in that it shows the validity of pragmatics in enlightening translation practice.
Mask and face
Authors: Blana Maria-Nikoleta
Published: February 2020

Im/politeness scholars have highlighted the significance of ideology in the use of im/politeness phenomena, as the very notion of im/politeness presupposes a mental filtering of discourse through preconceptions that already exist in the mind (Terkourafi 1999,2001,2005;Mills 2003;Culpeper 2011;Kádár and Haugh 2013). The study aims at demonstrating how im/politeness can be manifested in two Greek versions of a dramatic dialogue that has its roots in the ancient theatre, where masks may be thought to undertake functions of face/identity formation in (im)politeness theory. The focus is on Eugene O’Neil’s dramatic trilogyMourning Becomes Electra(1931) and on two Greek stage translations of the play that are twenty-one years apart (1986 and 2007). The study adopts both a second/ first order (Grainger 2011, or etic/emic) approach to the data, to gain further insight into how im/politeness plays out in the target versions and also considers in/appropriateness of social behaviour (Locher and Watts 2008) to further understanding of aspects of the relational work enacted by the protagonist. The analysis accentuates the significance of the narrative or the point of view of the target versions of the play. Findings highlight the use of different im/politeness strategies in the translated interaction between the siblings, Orin and Lavinia, which affect respondents’ appropriateness judgements. Respondents appreciated a higher tension between intimacy and aggression as manifested in one of the two translations. The study underscores the value of translation data in im/politeness research by drawing attention to intra-cultural variation with regards to the use of im/politeness manifesting a different narrative/point of view (e.g. non/religious, non/allusive to the ancient theatre). Conversely, im/politeness research contributes to translation practice by showing that im/politeness options may exert influence on audience response.
Random forest models for PM2.5 speciation concentrations using MISR fractional AODs
Authors: Geng Guannan , Meng Xia , He Kebin , Liu Yang
Published: February 2020

It is increasingly recognized that various chemical components of PM2.5 might have differential toxicities to human health, although such studies are hindered by the sparse or non-existent coverage of ground PM2.5 speciation monitors. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) onboard the Terra satellite has an innovative design to provide information about aerosol shape, size and extinction that are more related to PM2.5 speciation concentrations. In this study, we developed random forest models that incorporated ground measurements of PM2.5 species, MISR fractional AODs, simulated PM2.5 speciation concentrations from a chemical transport model (CTM), land use variables and meteorological fields, to predict ground-level daily PM2.5 sulfate, nitrate, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in California between 2005 and 2014. Our models had out-of-bag R
2 of 0.72, 0.70, 0.68 and 0.70 for sulfate, nitrate, OC and EC, respectively. We also conducted sensitivity tests to explore the influence of variable selection on model performance. Results show that if there are sufficient ground measurements and predictor data to support the most sophisticated model structure, fractional AODs and total AOD have similar predicting power in estimating PM2.5 species. Otherwise, models using fractional AODs outperform those with total AOD. PM2.5 speciation concentrations are more sensitive to land use variables than other supporting data (e.g., CTM simulations and meteorological information).
Application of a novel pH-responsive gemini surfactant for delivery of curcumin molecules
Authors: Rahimzadeh Maral , Sadeghizadeh Majid , Najafi Farhood , Arab Seyed Shahriar , Pourhosseini Pouneh Sadat
Published: February 2020

During the last few decades, extensive studies have been conducted to elucidate the anti-cancer effects of curcumin. Despite promising results indicating curcumin could impede cancer cells ability thrive and proliferation, clinical applications of it have been limited. This limitation is mainly due to low solubility, poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and deficient absorption. To improve the physiochemical properties of curcumin, we have synthesized a novel biodegradable gemini surfactant in which curcumin molecules were entrapped. Gemini surfactant-curcumin nanocapsules were prepared using nanoprecipitation method and characterized by several techniques including, DLS, TEM, AFM, FTIR, DSC and XRD. The in vitro MTT assay, cellular uptake, and apoptosis assay were performed using MDA-MB-231 cell line. The gemini surfactant molecules were able to form vesicles in aqueous solution with a narrow size distribution (PDI 

≅

 0.3). An encapsulation efficiency of 87.45 ± 2.3% and the drug loading content of 4.98 ± 0.12% were acquired. Curcumin molecules were dispersed in the hydrophobic shell of the vesicles, and sustained release profile was observed. Due to the increased cellular uptake and sustained release profile, the gemini surfactant-curcumin nanocapsules exhibited higher cytotoxicity and enhanced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells compared to free curcumin. The results indicate that gemini surfactant-curcumin complex shows considerable promise as an anti-breast cancer drug.
Biology drives the discovery of bispecific antibodies as innovative therapeutics
Authors: Nie Siwei , Wang Zhuozhi , Moscoso-Castro Maria , D'Souza Paul , Lei Can , Xu Jianqing , Gu Jijie
Published: February 2020

A bispecific antibody (bsAb) is able to bind two different targets or two distinct epitopes on the same target. Broadly speaking, bsAbs can include any single molecule entity containing dual specificities with at least one being antigen-binding antibody domain. Besides additive effect or synergistic effect, the most fascinating applications of bsAbs are to enable novel and often therapeutically important concepts otherwise impossible by using monoclonal antibodies alone or their combination. This so-called obligate bsAbs could open up completely new avenue for developing novel therapeutics. With evolving understanding of structural architecture of various natural or engineered antigen-binding immunoglobulin domains and the connection of different domains of an immunoglobulin molecule, and with greatly improved understanding of molecular mechanisms of many biological processes, the landscape of therapeutic bsAbs has significantly changed in recent years. As of September 2019, over 110 bsAbs are under active clinical development, and near 180 in preclinical development. In this review article, we introduce a system that classifies bsAb formats into 30 categories based on their antigen-binding domains and the presence or absence of Fc domain. We further review the biology applications of approximately 290 bsAbs currently in preclinical and clinical development, with the attempt to illustrate the principle of selecting a bispecific format to meet biology needs and selecting a bispecific molecule as a clinical development candidate by 6 critical criteria. Given the novel mechanisms of many bsAbs, the potential unknown safety risk and risk/benefit should be evaluated carefully during preclinical and clinical development stages. Nevertheless we are optimistic that next decade will witness clinical success of bsAbs or multispecific antibodies employing some novel mechanisms of action and deliver the promise as next wave of antibody-based therapeutics.
Improving clinic utilization and workload capture for clinical pharmacy specialists
Authors: Steen Allison , Bovio Franck Jessica
Published: February 2020

Purpose

To assess a quality improvement initiative aimed at improving clinic utilization and encounter and intervention workload capture for clinical pharmacy specialists. This initiative aided in justification of clinical pharmacy services, identification of clinical areas for intervention, and incorporation of all modalities to appropriately document clinical care.

Methods

In order to objectively demonstrate clinical pharmacy service value to stakeholders, pharmacy administrators and clinical pharmacy specialists at the North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System performed clinic scheduling and profile reviews using data extracted from the Veterans Health Administration electronic health record and analytic software. Outpatient clinical pharmacy specialty practice areas were primarily investigated; the specialty areas included are as follows: cardiology, infectious disease, mental health, oncology, pain management/palliative care, and specialty clinics (a collection of medical and surgical subspecialties). The first intervention entailed completing a worksheet and assessing clinic utilization data. Then, an evaluation was performed to assess the number of encounters, clinical interventions, clinic modalities, and coding for each clinic. Next, a meeting was arranged with each like clinical pharmacy specialist practice group to discuss this collected data. During these meetings, the delineation of where workload was generated and the activities taking place in an average workday were discussed. Finally, clinics were adjusted to reflect appropriate clinic coding and mapping of the average workday. Metrics were evaluated pre intervention (October through December 2017) and post intervention (July through September 2018).

Results

After intervention, there were statistically significant increases in clinic utilization, total encounters completed, and total interventions recorded in the composite group of clinical pharmacy specialists.

Conclusion

The increases in clinic utilization, total encounters, and interventions observed for the clinical pharmacy specialists suggest the beneficial role of pharmacy administrators’ collaboration with clinical pharmacy specialists to improve workload capture and access to quality care, to justify clinical pharmacy services, and to identify opportunities for pharmacy clinical intervention.
Drug repositioning by prediction of drug’s anatomical therapeutic chemical code via network-based inference approaches
Authors: Peng Yayuan , Wang Manjiong , Xu Yixiang , Wu Zengrui , Wang Jiye , Zhang Chao , Liu Guixia , Li Weihua , Li Jian , Tang Yun
Published: February 2020

Drug discovery and development is a time-consuming and costly process. Therefore, drug repositioning has become an effective approach to address the issues by identifying new therapeutic or pharmacological actions for existing drugs. The drug’s anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) code is a hierarchical classification system categorized as five levels according to the organs or systems that drugs act and the pharmacology, therapeutic and chemical properties of drugs. The 2nd-, 3rd- and 4th-level ATC codes reserved the therapeutic and pharmacological information of drugs. With the hypothesis that drugs with similar structures or targets would possess similar ATC codes, we exploited a network-based approach to predict the 2nd-, 3rd- and 4th-level ATC codes by constructing substructure drug-ATC (SD-ATC), target drug-ATC (TD-ATC) and Substructure&Target drug-ATC (STD-ATC) networks. After 10-fold cross validation and two external validations, the STD-ATC models outperformed the SD-ATC and TD-ATC ones. Furthermore, with KR as fingerprint, the STD-ATC model was identified as the optimal model with AUC values at 0.899 ± 0.015, 0.916 and 0.893 for 10-fold cross validation, external validation set 1 and external validation set 2, respectively. To illustrate the predictive capability of the STD-ATC model with KR fingerprint, as a case study, we predicted 25 FDA-approved drugs (22 drugs were actually purchased) to have potential activities on heart failure using that model. Experiments in vitro confirmed that 8 of the 22 old drugs have shown mild to potent cardioprotective activities on both hypoxia model and oxygen–glucose deprivation model, which demonstrated that our STD-ATC prediction model would be an effective tool for drug repositioning.
Toward Intersectional Ecofeminist Communication Studies
Authors: Singer Norie Ross
Published: February 2020

After many years of sluggish engagement between environmental and feminist communication studies, scholarship in this area is gaining momentum. Ecofeminist theory informs much of the literature at this nexus. Yet what makes ecofeminist communication research timely and uniquely important within the discipline, and what core principles guide or should guide it, have not been adequately addressed. This essay covers these questions and advocates for intersectional ecofeminist communication approaches.
Interactions Between the Aging Gut Microbiome and Common Geriatric Giants: Polypharmacy, Frailty, and Dementia
Authors: Gemikonakli Gizem , Mach John , Hilmer Sarah Nicole
Published: February 2020

The gut microbiome has pervasive bidirectional relationships with pharmacotherapy, chronic disease, and physical and cognitive function. We conducted a narrative review of the current literature to examine the relationships between the gut microbiome, medication use, sarcopenia and frailty, and cognitive impairment. Data from in vitro experiments, in vivo experiments in invertebrates and complex organisms, and humans indicate associations between the gut microbiome and geriatric syndromes. Better understanding of the direct and indirect roles of the microbiome may inform future prevention and management of geriatric syndromes.
Deletion of PPARγ in Mesenchymal Lineage Cells Protects Against Aging-Induced Cortical Bone Loss in Mice
Authors: Cao Jay , Ding Kehong , Pan Guodong , Rosario Raysa , Su Yun , Bao Yonggang , Zhou Hongyan , Xu Jianru , McGee Lawrence Meghan E , Hamrick Mark W , Isales Carlos M , Shi Xingming
Published: February 2020

Bone loss in aging is linked with chronic low-grade inflammation and the accumulation of marrowfat in animals and humans. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), an adipogenic regulator, plays key roles in these biological processes. However, studies of the roles of PPARγ in age-related bone loss and inflammation are lacking. We hypothesized that deletion of PPARγ in bone marrow mesenchymal lineage cells would reduce bone loss with aging, potentially through a reduction in fat-generated inflammatory responses and an increase in osteoblastic activity. In the present study, we show that mice deficient of PPARγ in Dermo1-expressing mesenchymal lineage cells (Dermo1-Cre:PPARγ fl/fl) have reduced fat mass and increased cortical bone thickness but that deficiency of PPARγ had limited effect on protection of trabecular bone with aging as demonstrated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, µCT, and histomorphometric analyses. Conditional knockout of PPARγ reduced serum concentrations of adipokines, including adiponectin, resistin, and leptin, and reduced marrow stromal cell expression levels of inflammation-related genes. Inflammation genes involved in the interferon signaling pathway were reduced the most. These results demonstrate that disruption of the master adipogenic regulator, PPARγ, has a certain protective effect on aging-induced bone loss, suggesting that regulation of adipose function and modulation of interferon signaling are among the key mechanisms by which PPARγ regulates bone homeostasis during aging process.
Exploring Dementia Care Systems Across the African Caribbean Diaspora: A Scoping Review and Consultation Exercise
Authors: Lasrado Reena , Baker Sophie , Zubair Maria , Kaiser Polly , Lasrado Veena Janith , Rizzo Matilda , Govia Ishtar , Edge Dawn
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives

Understanding the influences of marginalized cultural and social identities as experienced by the African Caribbean diaspora within the context of dementia care is essential to minimize the gaps in current practice and policy in the health care setting. This study explores the impact of marginalized identities upon the meaning-making process, access to services and experience of care provisions through a scoping review and consultancy exercises with key stakeholders.

Research Design

Fourteen databases were searched using key terms. Primary studies in English, any year, study design, and country of origin were eligible. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened for inclusion and data were extracted in stages. Thematic analysis was performed and the findings were discussed in a series of consultation meetings with people with dementia, carers, and health care professionals in Manchester (United Kingdom) and Jamaica.

Results

The scoping review retrieved n = 1,989 research articles. Nineteen were included, most were qualitative (n = 14), 3 quantitative, and 2 mixed-method. The findings revealed limited insight into cultural and multiple individual identities in explaining conceptualization and service access. Consultation meetings confirmed these findings and highlighted differences in health care services and systems in the United Kingdom and Jamaica.

Discussion and Implications

This study suggests there is a complex interaction of sociocultural processes that marginalize African Caribbean persons in and across various national settings within the context of dementia care. The study highlights the importance of acknowledging and addressing how prevalent racialized- and class-based divides and related marginalized social locations are reflected in inequities in access to and use of dementia services.
A Familial Cluster of Infection Associated With the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Indicating Possible Person-to-Person Transmission During the Incubation Period
Authors: Yu Ping , Zhu Jiang , Zhang Zhengdong , Han Yingjun
Published: February 2020

An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with 2019 novel coronavirus was reported in China. It is unclear whether the virus is infective exists during the incubation period, although person-to-person transmission has been reported elsewhere. We report the epidemiological features of a familial cluster of 4 patients in Shanghai, including an 88-year-old man with limited mobility who was exposed only to asymptomatic family members whose symptoms developed later. The epidemiological evidence has shown possible transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus during the incubation period.
It’s time to step it up. Why safety investigations in healthcare should look more to safety science
Authors: Wiig Siri , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Clay-Williams Robyn
Published: February 2020

Accident models and theoretical foundations underpinning safety investigations are key to understanding how investigators construct causality and make recommendations. Safety science has devoted large efforts to investigating and theorizing about accidents. Why doesn’t healthcare pay more interest to these theories when investigating healthcare accidents? We use established accident theories to suggest how these can support safety investigations in healthcare and provide new lenses to investigatory bodies. We reflect on examples from research and practice in healthcare systems and other high-risk industries. Investigation processes and reports serve multiple purposes. We argue there is an untapped improvement potential for healthcare safety investigations and suggest new ways of integrating different accident theoretical reflections with investigatory practice.
This Time It's Personal
Authors: Runciman Brian
Published: February 2020

Is everyone talking ethics in IT right now? Combinations of anger, worry and helplessness are surely not the feelings computing wants to generate. But in 2020, there are justifiable fears about technology and plenty of misunderstanding about what it can and can't do. This year, BCS is focusing its research and main conference on what personal responsibility means in IT. Brian Runciman MBCS writes.
7 Critical IR35 Questions for Contractors
Authors: Mort Richard
Published: February 2020

Richard Mort is a Director at Edge Testing Solutions and an ex-contractor. He explores the issues of IR35 for contractors and discusses the pros and cons of leaving contracting behind for a permanent role.
BCS Director Recognised in New Year's Honours
Authors: Mitchell Bill
Published: February 2020

Director of Policy at BCS, Dr Bill Mitchell, has been awarded an OBE in the New Year's Honours for services to computing and artificial intelligence education.
BCS ICT Conference UAE 2019
Authors: Al Hashmi Adel Salam Alkaff
Published: February 2020

Under the patronage of HE Shaikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan, Minister of Tolerance, the BCS ICT Conference 2019 was launched, at the Anantara Eastern Mangroves Hotel, Abu Dhabi on 27th Oct under the theme: ‘Tolerance, Sustainability & Women's Empowerment’.
Digital Badging and the Need for Assessment Framework
Authors: Jagger Paul
Published: February 2020

When it comes to evidencing skills, knowledge and experience, digital badges have indelible advantages. But, as Paul Jagger FBCS explains, there is room for improvement.
The RCN on BCS Membership
Authors: Hamilton Johanna
Published: February 2020

When it comes to ethics and providing an essential service to do good for society, the Royal College of Nursing and BCS have much in common. Johanna Hamilton AMBCS investigates the benefits of corporate membership and how this symbiotic relationship is paying dividends.
Determination of Ethanol in Wine by Chemical Oxidation: 1969 Studies
Authors: Caputi Arthur
Published: February 2020

The micro dichromate procedure for ethanol in wine was subjected to a successful collaborative study in 1968 and adopted as official first action. In 1969 all analyses using this method were run in duplicate at the Gallo laboratories and results for a number of different wine types were selected at random and tabulated. From 23 to 34 sets of duplicate determinations were evaluated for 14 different wine types. Average alcohols ranged from 11.55 to 23.47% and standard deviations varied from 0.039 to 0.070%. Nine different analysts participated in the study and no one analyst performed both determinations on a given sample. In view of the fact that these results correspond very closely to those obtained in the 1968 collaborative study and that many members of the wine industry are now successfully using this method, it is recommended that the method be adopted as official final action.
GLC Determination of the Optical Isomers of Amphetamine
Authors: Wells Clyde E
Published: February 2020

A method is described for the quantitative determination of the ratio of d- and l-amphetamine stereoisomers by GLC. A derivative formed with N-trifluoroacetyl-(l)-prolyl chloride is chromatographed and the isomeric ratio is read from a standard calibration curve. The method is applicable to crystalline salts of amphetamine and to commercial tablet dosage forms. It is recommended that this method be subjected to collaborative study.
Fluorometric Determination of Quinacrine Hydrochloride in Drug Preparations: Collaborative Study
Authors: Roberts Laura A
Published: February 2020

A fluorometric method has been developed for the quantitative and qualitative determination of quinacrine hydrochloride in drug preparations. The method consists of a preliminary dispersion of the sample in dilute HCl, filtration if necessary, appropriate dilutions of the sample to a final concentration of 0.5 μg quinacrine.HCl/ml in 0.1N HCl, and finally, measurement of its fluorescence on a suitable spectrophotofluorometer. Nine collaborators obtained 100-102% recovery of quinacrine.HCl and the fluorometric determination of quinacrine. HCl is recommended as official first action.