bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indoor Robot Localization Based on Multidimensional Scaling
Authors: Cui Wei , Wu Chengdong , Zhang Yunzhou , Li Bing , Fu Wenyan
Published: August 2015

In pertinence to the application of multidimensional scaling (MDS) methods in ranging-based positioning systems, an analysis is firstly conducted by the classical MDS algorithm. Modified MDS algorithm and subspace method are presented in localization application. We also depicted the unified framework and general solutions of MDS methods. However, the least square solutions under this framework are not optimal. Their performance is still related to selection of coordinate reference points. To address this problem, a minimum residual MDS algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to derive a new solution for indoor robot localization under the unified framework. The result of analysis indicates that the performance of minimum residual MDS method is immune to selection of reference points. Furthermore, the localization accuracy for indoor robot has been enhanced by 41% as compared with the classical MDS algorithm.
A Group Mining Method for Big Data on Distributed Vehicle Trajectories in WAN
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Xiaoping , Wang Dandan , Wang Jia
Published: August 2015

A distributed parallel clustering method MCR-ACA is proposed by integrating the ant colony algorithm with the computing framework Map-Combine-Reduce for mining groups with the same or similar features from big data on vehicle trajectories stored in Wide Area Network. The heaviest computing burden of clustering is conducted in parallel at local nodes, of which the results are merged to small size intermediates. The intermediates are sent to the central node and clusters are generated adaptively. The great overhead of transferring big volume data is avoided by MCR-ACA, which improves the computing efficiency and guarantees the correctness of clustering. MCR-ACA is compared with an existing parallel clustering algorithm on practical big data collected by the traffic monitoring system of Jiangsu province in China. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for group mining by clustering.
Variations in the Root Form and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular First Molars in a Sri Lankan Population
Authors: Peiris Roshan , Malwatte Uthpala , Abayakoon Janak , Wettasinghe Anuradha
Published: August 2015

The present study was conducted to determine the number of roots and morphology of the root canal system of permanent mandibular first molars (M1) in a Sri Lankan population. Sample of 529 M1 teeth was used. The number of roots was examined and the lengths of the mesial and distal roots were measured to the nearest 0.01 mm. Vacuum injection protocol was used to inject China ink into the root canal system, making it transparent. Root canal morphology was recorded using Vertucci’s classification. Presence of furcation canals, position of lateral canals, intercanal communications, level of bifurcation, and convergence of the root canal system were recorded. M1 showed three roots in 4.1% of the sample. Commonest root canal morphology of the mesial root was type IV and the distal root was type I. The level of bifurcation of the root canals was commonly observed in the cervical one-third of the root while convergence was observed in the apical one-third in both roots. Prevalence of three rooted mandibular first molars is less than 5%. Mesial root showed the most variable canal morphology. Prevalence of furcation canals was 1.5% while that of middle mesial canals was 0.2%.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Associated with Rapid Weight Loss Attributed to Amphetamine Abuse
Authors: Fazio Richard M. , Chen On , Eldarawy Wael
Published: August 2015

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome arises from a reduction in the angle formed between the SMA and the aorta, thereby compressing the third portion of the duodenum. This phenomenon may be caused by a number of factors, one of which being acute weight loss. We report a case of a female patient presenting with abdominal pain and vomiting who developed superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome as a result of rapid weight loss, thought to be secondary to amphetamine abuse. This association can often be overlooked and, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported.
IL‐17A, IL‐22, IL‐6, and IL‐21 Serum Levels in Plaque‐Type Psoriasis in Brazilian Patients
Authors: Oliveira Priscilla Stela Santana de , Cardoso Pablo Ramon Gualberto , Lima Emerson Vasconcelos de Andrade , Pereira Michelly Cristiny , Duarte Angela Luzia Branco Pinto , Pitta Ivan da Rocha , Rêgo Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo , Pitta Maira Galdino da Rocha
Published: August 2015

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by alterations in cytokines produced by both Th1 and Th17 pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of pivotal cytokines and correlate them with clinical parameters. Serum samples from 53 psoriasis patients and 35 healthy volunteers, matched by the proportion of sex and age ratios, were collected for ELISA cytokine detection. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was assessed at the time of sampling in psoriasis patients. Our findings demonstrate that IL‐17A, IL‐22, and IL‐6 serum concentrations were significantly higher in psoriasis patients than in the control group. No statistical correlation could be found between cytokines concentrations, PASI score, and age in this study. Although our results do not show any correlation between serum levels of IL‐17A, IL‐22, and IL‐6 and disease activity, the present study confirms that they were increased in Brazilian psoriasis patients in comparison to healthy volunteers.
An Efficient TDOA-Based Localization Algorithm without Synchronization between Base Stations
Authors: Kim Sangdeok , Chong Jong-Wha
Published: August 2015

An efficient localization algorithm is proposed by utilizing the time difference of arrival (TDOA) without synchronization between base stations. Generally, a TDOA-based localization algorithm requires synchronization between base stations in order to improve the accuracy of localization. Hence, correlations using wideband signals or wire connections between base stations have been used to synchronize the base stations; however, these approaches result in additional operating costs. Thus, the proposed algorithm does not require synchronization between base stations. The TDOA equations are derived by continuously varying the locations of the source and the location of a base station. The number of packets necessary for localization is also reduced. The localization performance of the proposed algorithm is verified with Monte-Carlo simulations.
Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Structural and Magnetic Studies of Zn2+ Substituted Magnesium Ferrite Nanomaterials Prepared by Sol‐Gel Method
Authors: He Yun , Yang Xingxing , Lin Jinpei , Lin Qing , Dong Jianghui
Published: August 2015

Zinc substituted magnesium ferrite nanomaterials Mg1−xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) powders have been prepared by a sol‐gel autocombustion method. The lattice parameter increases with increase in Zn concentration, but average crystallite size tends to decrease by increasing the zinc content. SEM results indicate the distribution of grains and morphology of the samples. Some particles are agglomerated due to the presence of magnetic interactions among particles. Room temperature Mössbauer spectra of Mg1−xZnxFe2O4 shows that the A Mössbauer absorption area decreases and the B Mössbauer absorption area increases with zinc concentration increasing. The change of the saturation magnetization can be explained with Néel’s theory. It was confirmed that the transition from ferrimagnetic to superparamagnetic behaviour depends on increase in zinc concentration by Mössbauer spectra at room temperature. Saturation magnetization increases and coercivity decreases with Zn content increasing.
Lifetime Optimization Algorithm with Mobile Sink Nodes for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Location Information
Authors: Chen Yourong , Wang Zhangquan , Ren Tiaojuan , Lv Hexin
Published: August 2015

In order to overcome the energy hole problem in some wireless sensor networks (WSNs), lifetime optimization algorithm with mobile sink nodes for wireless sensor networks (LOA_MSN) is proposed. In LOA_MSN, hybrid positioning algorithm of satellite positioning and RSSI positioning is proposed to save energy. Based on location information, movement path constraints, flow constraint, energy consumption constraint, link transmission constraint, and other constraints are analyzed. Network optimization model is established and decomposed into movement path selection model and lifetime optimization model with known grid movement paths. Finally, the two models are solved by distributed method. Sink nodes gather data of sensor nodes along the calculated paths. Sensor nodes select father nodes and transmit data to corresponding sink node according to local information. Simulation results show that LOA_MSN makes full use of node energy to prolong network lifetime. LOA_MSN with multiple sink nodes also reduces node energy consumption and data gathering latency. Under certain conditions, it outperforms MCP, subgradient algorithm, EASR, and GRAND.
Low‐Temperature Sintering Bonding Using Silver Nanoparticle Paste for Electronics Packaging
Authors: Guo Wei , Zeng Zhi , Zhang Xiaoying , Peng Peng , Tang Shanping
Published: August 2015

Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with about 40 nm diameter covered with 5–8 nm organic shell were prepared by chemical reduction reaction. The thermal characteristics of Ag nanoparticle (NP) paste were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The low‐temperature sintering bonding processes using Ag NP paste were carried out at the temperature range of 150–350°C for 5 min under the pressure of 3 MPa. The microstructures of the sintered joint and the fracture morphology were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shear strength was used to evaluate the mechanical property of the sintered joint. TGA‐DSC test showed that the Ag content is approximately 95.5 mass% in Ag NP paste. The average shear strength of the joint fabricated at 250°C for 5 min under the pressure of 3 MPa was about 28 MPa, which could meet the requirements of electronics packaging working at high temperature. The joint shear strength increased with the increase of the sintering temperature due to much denser sintered Ag NPs and more comprehensive metallurgical bonds formed in the joint.
Changes in Nanoscaled Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binders Caused by Aging
Authors: Liu Ben , Shen Junan , Song Xuyan
Published: August 2015

Aging of an asphalt binder causes the changes in the microstructure and, consequently, in the nanomechanical and rheological properties of the aged asphalt binder. Short‐term aging on asphalt binders was simulated using rotating thin film oven (RTFO). These changes in the microstructure and nanomechanical and rheological properties were measured using atomic force microscope (AFM) and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The results indicated that (1) the adhesive force of the asphalt binder from AFM tests was increased after RTFO aging; (2) G* of the asphalt binder from DSR tests increased after RTFO aging; (3) the results from AFM were consistent with those from DSR, explaining the mechanism of the changes of rheological properties.
A Novel Porous Carrier Found in Nature for Nanocomposite Materials Preparation: A Case Study of Artemia Egg Shell‐Supported TiO2 for Formaldehyde Removal
Authors: Wang Sufeng , Lv Fengjing , Jiao Tifeng , Ao Jingfen , Zhang Xiaochun , Jin Fengdan
Published: August 2015

Artemia egg shells have an asymptotic sized pore structure (pore diameter: 500 nm–2500 nm), which could be used as a porous carrier for the preparation of nanocomposite materials. The objective of the present study was to prepare shell‐supported TiO2 using a naturally porous carrier, Artemia egg shell, and to exhibit a case study of shell‐supported TiO2 for formaldehyde removal. Characterization of shell‐TiO2 using SEM‐EDS, TEM, and XRD proved that Artemia shell with asymptotic reduction pores (pore diameter: 500 nm–2500 nm) can be used as the carrier for nanocomposite materials. Artemia egg shell‐supported TiO2 in polycrystalline‐like nanostructures can be used for the high efficiency removal (adsorption and degradation) of formaldehyde under visible light. Our results suggest that iron, one of the shell’s components, should broaden the absorption of visible light and enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of nanotitanium dioxide under visible light. Due to their interesting absorption and formaldehyde removal qualities, Artemia egg shell, as a novel naturally porous carrier for nanocomposite materials preparation, especially in the preparation of nanocatalysts, is worthy of further study.
CXCR4 Protein Epitope Mimetic Antagonist POL5551 Disrupts Metastasis and Enhances Chemotherapy Effect in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Xiang Jingyu , Hurchla Michelle A. , Fontana Francesca , Su Xinming , Amend Sarah R. , Esser Alison K. , Douglas Garry J. , Mudalagiriyappa Chidananda , Luker Kathryn E. , Pluard Timothy , Ademuyiwa Foluso O. , Romagnoli Barbara , Tuffin Gérald , Chevalier Eric , Luker Gary D. , Bauer Michael , Zimmermann Johann , Aft Rebecca L. , Dembowsky Klaus , Weilbaecher Katherine N.
Published: August 2015

The SDF-1 receptor CXCR4 has been associated with early metastasis and poorer prognosis in breast cancers, especially the most aggressive triple-negative subtype. In line with previous reports, we found that tumoral CXCR4 expression in patients with locally advanced breast cancer was associated with increased metastases and rapid tumor progression. Moreover, high CXCR4 expression identified a group of bone marrow–disseminated tumor cells (DTC)-negative patients at high risk for metastasis and death. The protein epitope mimetic (PEM) POL5551, a novel CXCR4 antagonist, inhibited binding of SDF-1 to CXCR4, had no direct effects on tumor cell viability, but reduced migration of breast cancer cells in vitro. In two orthotopic models of triple-negative breast cancer, POL5551 had little inhibitory effect on primary tumor growth, but significantly reduced distant metastasis. When combined with eribulin, a chemotherapeutic microtubule inhibitor, POL5551 additively reduced metastasis and prolonged survival in mice after resection of the primary tumor compared with single-agent eribulin. Hypothesizing that POL5551 may mobilize tumor cells from their microenvironment and sensitize them to chemotherapy, we used a “chemotherapy framing” dosing strategy. When administered shortly before and after eribulin treatment, three doses of POL5551 with eribulin reduced bone and liver tumor burden more effectively than chemotherapy alone. These data suggest that sequenced administration of CXCR4 antagonists with cytotoxic chemotherapy synergize to reduce distant metastases. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(11); 2473–85. ©2015 AACR.
Improvement of Stability and Efficacy of C16Y Therapeutic Peptide via Molecular Self-Assembly into Tumor-Responsive Nanoformulation
Authors: Ding Yanping , Ji Tianjiao , Zhao Ying , Zhang Yinlong , Zhao Xiaozheng , Zhao Ruifang , Lang Jiayan , Zhao Xiao , Shi Jian , Sukumar Saraswati , Nie Guangjun
Published: August 2015

Peptide therapeutics hold great promise for the treatment of cancer due to low toxicity, high specificity, and ease of synthesis and modification. However, the unfavorable pharmacokinetic parameters strictly limit their therapeutic efficacy and clinical translation. Here, we tailor-designed an amphiphilic chimeric peptide through conjugation of functional 3-diethylaminopropyl isothiocyanate (DEAP) molecules to a short antitumor peptide, C16Y. The ultimate DEAP–C16Y peptides self-assembled into spherical nanostructures at physiologic conditions, which dissociated to release individual peptide molecules in weakly acidic tumors. DEAP–C16Y peptides showed negligible cytotoxicity but impaired vascular endothelial cell migration and tubule formation by inactivation of the focal adhesion kinase and PI3K–Akt pathways, as well as tumor cell invasion by decreasing invadopodia formation. Compared with C16Y, the systemically administered DEAP–C16Y nanostructures exhibited superior stability, thereby allowing prolonged treatment interval and resulting in significant decreases in microvessel density, tumor growth, and distant metastasis formation in orthotopic mammary tumor models. Through encapsulation of hydrophobic doxorubicin, DEAP–C16Y nanostructure served as a smart carrier to achieve targeted drug delivery and combination therapy. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates that a simple nanoformulation using a functional antitumor peptide as the building block can show innate antitumor activity and also provide a nanoplatform for combination therapy, opening a new avenue for the design of antitumor nanotherapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(10); 2390–400. ©2015 AACR.
Molecular Basis of Hypokalemia-Induced Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Pezhouman Arash , Singh Neha , Song Zhen , Nivala Michael , Eskandari Anahita , Cao Hong , Bapat Aneesh , Ko Christopher Y. , Nguyen Thao P. , Qu Zhilin , Karagueuzian Hrayr S. , Weiss James N.
Published: August 2015

Background—

Hypokalemia is known to promote ventricular arrhythmias, especially in combination with class III antiarrhythmic drugs like dofetilide. Here, we evaluated the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods and Results—

Arrhythmias were recorded in isolated rabbit and rat hearts or patch-clamped ventricular myocytes exposed to hypokalemia (1.0–3.5 mmol/L) in the absence or presence of dofetilide (1 μmol/L). Spontaneous early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation occurred in 50% of hearts at 2.7 mmol/L [K] in the absence of dofetilide and 3.3 mmol/L [K] in its presence. Pretreatment with the Ca-calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN-93, but not its inactive analogue KN-92, abolished EADs and hypokalemia-induced ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, as did the selective late Na current (
I
Na
) blocker GS-967. In intact hearts, moderate hypokalemia (2.7 mmol/L) significantly increased tissue CaMKII activity. Computer modeling revealed that EAD generation by hypokalemia (with or without dofetilide) required Na-K pump inhibition to induce intracellular Na and Ca overload with consequent CaMKII activation enhancing late
I
Na
and the L-type Ca current. K current suppression by hypokalemia and dofetilide alone in the absence of CaMKII activation were ineffective at causing EADs.

Conclusions—

We conclude that Na-K pump inhibition by even moderate hypokalemia plays a critical role in promoting EAD-mediated arrhythmias by inducing a positive feedback cycle activating CaMKII and enhancing late
I
Na
. Class III antiarrhythmic drugs like dofetilide sensitize the heart to this positive feedback loop.
The Early Controversy Over Whether the Prophet Saw God
Authors: Melchert Christopher
Published: August 2015

Some early commentators interpreted Kor 53, 5-11 as referring to the Prophet’s seeing God. Some versions of the story of the Prophet’s Ascension, thought to be alluded to at Kor 17, 1, include his seeing God. Other hadith reports assert that he saw God with reference to Kor 38, 69, 17, 36, and 6, 75. Controversy seems to have begun in the second/eighth century. Disagreement revolved around three main points: whether the Prophet saw God at all; if so, the manner of his seeing, whether by his eye or otherwise; and, if so, the appearance of God as a young man or as light. Affirmation that the Prophet saw God is especially associated with Basra and, from the later third/ninth century, the Ḥanbali school of law and theology, whereas denial is especially associated with Kufa. But there was disagreement even with regions and schools.
Annotated checklist of the Blennidus subgenus Agraphoderus species from Peru with description of B. bombonensis n. sp. and synonymic notes (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichinae)
Authors: ALLEGRO GIANNI , GIACHINO PIER MAURO
Published: August 2015

Forty species belonging to the subgenus Agraphoderus of Blennidus have been recorded so far from Peru. An annotated checklist is provided with information about their type locality, distribution and habitat. The nomenclature of each species is also provided, together with some notes on their systematic status. Blennidus bombonensis n. sp. from Cerro de Pasco is described; Blennidus pseudangularis nomen novum for Ogmopleura angularis Straneo, 1993 (nec Straneo, 1985) is proposed and the following synonymies are stated: Blennidus pseudangularis Allegro & Giachino, nomen novum = Blennidus rectangulus (Straneo, 1993) syn. nov.; Ogmopleura minor Straneo, 1993 = Blennidus rectangulus (Straneo, 1993) syn. nov. Type specimens of most species are illustrated, as well as male genitalia. Finally, a revised key to all the Agraphoderus species from Peru is provided.
Discovery of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901, from Japan and the Palaearctic region, with description of two new species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae)
Authors: SHIMIZU SO , WATANABE KYOHEI
Published: August 2015

The genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901, which belongs to the subfamily Ophioninae Shuckard, 1840, is recorded from Japan and the Palaearctic region for the first time based on two new species, L. parvus sp. nov. from Amamioshima Island and L. septentrionis sp. nov. from Yakushima and Amamioshima Island. A key to the Japanese and Taiwanese species is also provided.
New synonyms, combinations and faunistic records in the genus Denierella Kaszab (Coleoptera: Meloidae)
Authors: BatelkA Jan , Hájek JIŘÍ
Published: August 2015

Taxonomy of the genus Denierella Kaszab, 1952 (Coleoptera: Meloidae: Epicautini) is evaluated. The following new synonyms and combinations (all from the genus Epicauta Dejean, 1834) are established: Denierella thailandica (Dvořák, 1996) comb. nov. = D. striolata Yang & Ren, 2007 syn. nov.; Denierella emmerichi (Pic, 1934) comb. nov. = D. serrata Kaszab, 1952 syn. nov.; Denierella promerotricha (Dvořák, 1996) comb. nov. A lectotype is designated for Epicauta emmerichi. Epicauta emmerichi yunnanensis Kaszab, 1960 is provisionally raised to E. yunnanensis stat. nov., until its status can be confirmed by the study of the holotype specimen. Five new country records, one new Chinese province record and two new Indian state records of six Denierella species are provided, and the distribution of all species included in this study is outlined. A checklist of the genus Denierella is provided and general problems in the taxonomy of Asiatic Epicautini are discussed.
A new species of Nemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from South of the Russian Far East
Authors: TESLENKO VALENTINA A.
Published: August 2015

A new species of Plecoptera from the Nemoura ovocercia group, Nemoura khasanensis sp. n. from the Primorsky Region, south of the Russian Far East, is described and illustrated. The diagnostic characters for separation from other members of the oviocercia group are provided.
The tadpole of Chiasmocleis schubarti Bokermann, 1952 (Amphibia, Anura: Microhylidae)
Authors: SANTOS MARCUS THADEU T. , PEZZUTI TIAGO L. , LEITE FELIPE S. F. , GARCIA PAULO C. A.
Published: August 2015

The genus Chiasmocleis Méhely comprises 29 species distributed from Panama to tropical South America clustered in five clades: C. albopunctata, C. bassleri, C. hudsoni, C. shudikarensis and C. ventrimaculata (Peloso et al. 2014). Chiasmocleis schubarti Bokermann belongs to the C. albopunctata clade, which also includes C. alagoana Cruz, Caramaschi, and Freire, C. albopunctata (Boettger), C. capixaba Cruz, Caramaschi, and Izecksohn, C. lacrimae Peloso, Sturaro, Forlani, Gaucher, Motta, and Wheeler, C. leucosticta (Boulenger), and possibly other morphologically and/or molecularly related species that have never been included in a phylogenetic analysis in a broader context (e.g., C. atlantica Cruz, Caramaschi and Izecksohn, C. cordeiroi Caramaschi & Pimenta, C. crucis Caramaschi & Pimenta, C. gnoma Canedo, Dixo and Pombal and C. mantiqueira Cruz, Feio and Cassini) (Cruz et al. 2007). Within these species, C. alagoana, C. albopunctata, C. lacrimae, C. leucosticta and C. mantiqueira have their larval forms described (Wogel et al. 2004; Nascimento & Skuk 2006; Oliveira-Filho & Giaretta 2006; Langone et al. 2007; Santana et al. 2012).
A new species of the genus Serrundabracon van Achterberg (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) from Namibia
Authors: QUICKE DONALD L. J. , BUTCHER BUNTIKA A.
Published: August 2015

A second species of the braconine genus Serrundabracon is described and illustrated and distinguished from the type species, S. maraisi Braet. Both species possess the unique combination of a multiple-arched ovipositor and dentate posterior margin to the metasomal tergite 5. Corrections are made to the redescription of S. maraisi. The relationships of, and possible evolutionary transitions to, the genus are discussed.
The Response of Precipitation Minus Evapotranspiration to Climate Warming: Why the “Wet-Get-Wetter, Dry-Get-Drier” Scaling Does Not Hold over Land*
Authors: Byrne Michael P. , O’Gorman Paul A.
Published: August 2015

Simulations with climate models show a land–ocean contrast in the response of P − E (precipitation minus evaporation or evapotranspiration) to global warming, with larger changes over ocean than over land. The changes over ocean broadly follow a simple thermodynamic scaling of the atmospheric moisture convergence: the so-called “wet-get-wetter, dry-get-drier” mechanism. Over land, however, the simple scaling fails to give any regions with decreases in P − E, and it overestimates increases in P − E compared to the simulations. Changes in circulation cause deviations from the simple scaling, but they are not sufficient to explain this systematic moist bias. It is shown here that horizontal gradients of changes in temperature and fractional changes in relative humidity, not accounted for in the simple scaling, are important over land and high-latitude oceans. An extended scaling that incorporates these gradients is shown to better capture the response of P − E over land, including a smaller increase in global-mean runoff and several regions with decreases in P − E. In the zonal mean over land, the gradient terms lead to a robust drying tendency at almost all latitudes. This drying tendency is shown to relate, in part, to the polar amplification of warming in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the amplified warming over continental interiors and on the eastern side of midlatitude continents.
Chronic Exposure to TNFα Impairs Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
Authors: Gagnon Jeffrey , Sauvé Meghan , Zhao Wen , Stacey Holly M. , Wiber Stuart C. , Bolz Steffen-S. , Brubaker Patricia L.
Published: August 2015

Obesity is associated with systemic inflammation and elevated levels of TNFα, leading to impaired glucose tolerance. In humans, obesity is also associated with reduced nutrient-stimulated secretion of the intestinal incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). We hypothesized that TNFα plays a direct role in the impairment of GLP-1 secretion from the enteroendocrine L-cell and that blocking TNFα can restore both GLP-1 secretion and glucose homeostasis. Expression of the TNFα receptor subytpe-1 was detected in the human NCI-H716 and murine GLUTag L-cell models and in mouse ileal sections. Although TNFα acutely increased GLP-1 release from NCI-H716 cells (P < .05–.001), preincubation with TNFα for 24 hours reduced proglucagon mRNA (P < .05) and GLP-1 cellular (P < .05) levels without affecting cell viability. Furthermore, both NCI-H716 and GLUTag cells pretreated with TNFα for 24 hours no longer responded to known GLP-1 secretagogues, an effect that was reversed by coincubation with the Nuclear Factor Kappa B inhibitor, 5-aminosalicylic acid, in the NCI-H716 cells. Mice given a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks developed impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and increased TNFα mRNA expression in fat and ileal tissue. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were reduced in HFD mice treated with the anti-TNFα biological, etanercept, for 2 weeks. In primary intestinal cultures from these animals, HFD control mice had impaired GLP-1 secretion, and this was not observed in the HFD etanercept-derived cultures (P < .05). In conclusion, chronic exposure to TNFα directly impairs GLP-1 secretion at the level of the intestinal L-cell, an effect that is reversed by anti-TNFα therapy in association with improved glucose tolerance.
Ontogeny of the Saccus Vasculosus, a Seasonal Sensor in Fish
Authors: Maeda Ryosuke , Shimo Takayuki , Nakane Yusuke , Nakao Nobuhiro , Yoshimura Takashi
Published: August 2015

TSH secreted from the pars distalis (PD) of the pituitary gland stimulates the thyroid gland. In contrast, TSH secreted from the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary gland regulates seasonal reproduction. The ontogeny of thyrotrophs and the regulatory mechanisms of TSH are apparently different between the PD and the PT. Interestingly, fish do not have an anatomically distinct PT, and the saccus vasculosus (SV) of fish is suggested to act as a seasonal sensor. Thus, it is possible that the SV is analogous to the PT. Here we examined the ontogeny of the pituitary gland and SV using rainbow trout. A histological analysis demonstrated the development of the pituitary anlage followed by that of the SV. Lhx3 and Pit-1, which are required for the development of PD thyrotrophs, clearly labeled the pituitary anlage. The common glycoprotein α-subunit (CGA) and TSH β-subunit (TSHB) genes were also detected in the pituitary anlage. In contrast, none of these genes were detected in the SV anlage. We then performed a microarray analysis and identified parvalbumin (Pvalb) as a marker for SV development. Because Pvalb expression was not detected in the pituitary anlage, no relationship was observed between the development of the SV and the pituitary gland. In contrast to embryos, Lhx3, Pit-1, CGA, and TSHB were all expressed in the adult SV. These results suggest that the morphological differentiation of SV occurs during the embryonic stage but that the functional differentiation into a seasonal sensor occurs in a later developmental stage.
Introduction
Authors: Asif Manan Ahmed , Taneja Anand Vivek
Published: August 2015

This essay introduces six articles in the special section on animals and enchantment. The ethnographic bent of many of the essays in this special section demonstrates how the copresence of animal and human beings continues to make everyday life in South Asia a site of embodied philosophical engagement with questions regarding the bounds of self and community and our ethics toward others. We turn to these rich traditions, both textual and embodied, to confound and erase the sharp boundaries between the human, the animal, and the environment that have been, and continue to be, sites of incredible violence. The question of who gets the privilege to be considered a human is not an idle question. Animality is a constitutive part of the discursive terrain that marks out which life matters and which life can be erased.
Afterword
Authors: Doniger Wendy
Published: August 2015

This essay is a response to the five essays included in this special section “Animals and Enchantment in South Asia.” In addition to summarizing these essays, this essay argues that animals keep eluding and exceeding the intellectual categories and cages humans set for them. Religion has always been the source of much of the human imagination of animals, but this imagination has often been more imprisoning than liberating. This volume points us toward extant resources within religious traditions as well as emergent human ethical responses that acknowledge the ever more intertwined fates of humans and animals on our crowded planet.
Aryas Unbound
Authors: Scott J. Barton
Published: August 2015

This article analyzes a controversial book ban from the 1940s to trace the mutual determinations of print media, the legal regulation of communal sentiment, and the discourse of religious tolerance in late colonial India. Claimed as the Bible of the Arya Samaj, the Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Truth) was banned in the Muslim-majority province of Sindh because of its defamatory remarks about the Prophet Muhammad. The result was a controversy of national proportions. Through theoretically informed close readings of texts from the controversy, Scott shows how the legal regulation of religious offense altered the economy of textual circulation in South Asia. Colonial law fueled a thriving extralegal legal culture that bureaucratized religious affect. It also reorganized the unbounded social imaginary associated with mass publicity. This allowed controversialists to exploit previously unrealized potentialities of the print medium in order to politicize the Hindu public.
Arnold J. Toynbee and Islamism in Cold War–era Turkey
Authors: Aydin Cemil , Duran Burhanettin
Published: August 2015

This article examines the ideological worldview of Sezai Karakoç (1933–), an influential but overlooked Islamist intellectual in Republican Turkey. Through an analysis of Karakoç's writing, the article situates post–WWII era Islamist thought in Turkey in relation to politics of the Cold War competition, global intellectual trends, and decolonization movements. In this context, the article focuses on the Islamist appropriation of Arnold Toynbee's ideas on civilizational relations in world history and how Toynbee's writings were utilized in critiques of modernization theory and westernization movements in postcolonial Muslim societies, as well as the Cold War superpower competition in world politics. Finally, the article reflects on the long-term legacy of the civilizational thinking of Islamism for the post–Cold War clash of civilization discourses and contemporary debates on Turkey's relationship with the European Union.
Introduction: Slow Reading in an Ever-Faster World
Authors: Kresse Kai
Published: August 2015

This text introduces the Kitabkhana book discussion platform on Isabel Hofmeyr's Gandhi's Printing Press: Experiments in Slow Reading. After positioning Hofmeyr's research within the wider field of Indian Ocean studies, it sketches out, in comparison, the contributions of the five commentaries by Anne K. Bang, James R. Brennan, Gail M. Presbey, Lakshmi Subramanian, and Goolam Vahed.
Gandhi's Many Influences and Collaborators
Authors: Presbey Gail M.
Published: August 2015

In Gandhi's Printing Press, Isabel Hofmeyr introduces readers to the nuances of the newspaper in a far-flung colony in the age when mail and news traveled by ship and when readers were encouraged by Gandhi to read slowly and deeply. This article explores the ways in which Thoreau's concept of slow reading influenced Gandhi and Hofmeyr herself. She discusses the community that surrounded Gandhi and the role it played in supporting the newspaper. Yet, I argue, the role of women of all races as well as Coloured and black South African men in leading, modeling, and shaping the movement of resistance to pass laws and other racist legislation might have been integrated more into the main narrative. Gandhi's newspaper, Indian Opinion, reported on the pass law protests of the African women of Bloemfontein, and Abdurahman's APO newspaper (popular in the Coloured community) reported on Gandhi's protests. Indian Opinion included speeches given by John Dube, and it often praised Dube and the work at Ohlange and reprinted stories from the black press. I offer these remarks to supplement Hofmeyr's fascinating account by providing additional information in portraying the newspaper in its historical and social context.
Nondestructive Testing at “Northern Machine-Building Enterprise” (“Sevmash”)
Authors: Киреенко  , Kireenko Vadim , Власов  , Vlasov Aleksey
Published: August 2015

“Sevmash” is one of the biggest Russian shipbuilding enterprises. Its capacity enables high-tech and knowledge-intensive projects to be fulfilled, such as manufacturing of spent nuclear fuel containers, building of modern nuclear-powered submarines (NPS) and marine engineering structures. The enterprise has mastered manufacturing of offshore platforms for oil and gas field development in the Arctic. Now “Sevmash” continues construction of nuclear strategic and multi-purpose submarines of the fourth generation “Borey” and “Yasen”.

The article deals with the formation and development of non-destructive testing services from its beginning to the present day. Since 1950s, the radiography of hull structures welded seams and pipelines joints was the main testing method. In 1970s construction of new generation nuclear submarines began; it was necessary to create gamma flaw detectors of new design and they were created within 15 years. Besides in 1970s the active period began for development of ultrasonic testing instruments. In 1970s–1990s, concurrently with radiographic and ultrasonic techniques, testing of welds during the welding process with an acoustic emission method was carried out.

In 1990s magnetic particle inspection of welded joints, radiation monitoring, leakage testing with the use of helium leak detectors and vacuum chambers had been extensively developed. The bubble vacuum method of welded connections testing was widely used in the process of repair and re-equipment of surface crafts.

Today “Sevmash” actively re-equips its production facilities. It gives “Sevmash” the opportunity to built ships that meet the highest demands.
Again about Automation of Digital X-Ray Image Interpretation
Authors: Багаев  , Bagaev Kirill
Published: August 2015

Introduction. This article is dedicated to a possible approach to automatic inspection of welded joints X-Ray images. This problem is very urgent but there is no established practice of the automated X-Ray images inspection and image objects recognition. The purpose of the article was to highlight the tasks included in the X-Ray interpretation process that can be automated, and to offer possible solutions.

Method. Analysis and interpretation of images were made using "X-Vizor" software by “Newcom-NDT”.

Results. Studies have shown that the straight and elliptical seam areas could be recognized automatically. It provides the possibility for a signal-noise ratio to be automatically measured. Wire image quality indicators and grooving gages also could be recognized automatically in approximately 80% cases. So it is possible to automatically calculate the sensitivity of the inspection. It is also achievable to automatically determine the basic spatial resolution using duplex wire image quality indicator. But the task of automation of defect recognition is still not solved. The possible alternative was offered. It is semi automation of defects recognition and analysis. This procedure needs the human to take part in image interpretation process.

Conclusion. The conclusion is that the total automation of digital X-Ray image interpretation of welded joints is now unavailable. Nevertheless using automation algorithms in all parts of interpretation process where it is possible can highly increase the performance of the inspection and its reliability.
Leak Integrity Evaluation of Stabbing Valves at the Gas-Compressor Station “Portovaya”
Authors: Морозов  , Morozov Vyacheslav , Сухолитко  , Sukholitko Andrey , Сорокин  , Sorokin Andrey , Сивов  , Sivov Igor , Барат  , Barat Vera
Published: August 2015

Leak integrity guaranteeing is the main requirement to shut-off valves. Possibilities to prolong an operation life as well as real activities on leaktightness restoration depend on leakage value at valve’s closing element. The leakage value can be efficiently and quantitatively evaluated by recording acoustic signals. The levels of acoustic signals are different at different testing conditions. In order to determine the correspondence between different levels of acoustic signals and different leakage values, it is necessary to carry out some experiments on real tested objects. Since 2011 “Lenorgenergogaz” together with “INTERYUNIS” have been devising a technique for leak integrity evaluation of shut-off valves at gas-compressor stations. A large amount of experiments on more than 130 units of shut-off valves installed both on ground and underground was carried out. The algorithm for leakage detection in case a typical “leakage” signal is received has been developed; empirical dependences for leakage evaluation on the basis of acoustic emission signal parameters have been obtained for main types of shut-off valves installed at “Gasprom Transgas St. Petersburg” objects. The article presents the results of research work on leak integrity evaluation of valves at “Portovaya” gas-compressor station. The stabbing valves DN800 mm installed at a segment of a reverse pipeline were the object of the research. Leak integrity test was carried out using both a manometric and an acoustic technique with quantitative leakage evaluation for every closing element. The results of each method have agreed with an error no more than 20%. Visual inspection of stabbing valves inner parts has shown that seat guide firming are damaged; this fact indirectly confirms the quantitative evaluation of shut-off valves leaktightness. Conclusions made on the basis of obtained results can serve as a foundation for acoustic emission leak integrity evaluation technique for shut-off valves.
Acoustic Emission Diagnostics of Hoist Counterbalance Hinge at the Palace Bridge across the Neva River
Authors: Носов  , Nosov Viktor
Published: August 2015

Actuality. Complicatedly loaded objects with redundant frames and irregular allocated load on its elements are under consideration. For strength condition testing, diagnostics and resource evaluation it is necessary to have reliable information about the processes that define operability of the objects. The acoustic emission method is quite informative for evaluation of strength and load-carrying capability of the objects but in most cases acoustic emission diagnostics of fatigue fracture is based on a statistical approach to the search for important diagnostics parameters, which is not always efficient and creates the need to use informative physical models. Novelty. The article considers the technique for diagnostics and resource evaluation of redundant frames; the technique is based on a micromechanical model of time dependences of AE parameters and on informative diagnostic parameters. Results. The possibility of resource evaluation of complicatedly loaded elements under uncertainty of their stressed state is shown by the example of diagnosing the support system elements on the Palace bridge across the Neva river. Conclusion. The results have proven the possibility of technique application in complex conditions, its versatility and resistance to destabilizing factors influence.
Prescribing for the management of venous leg ulceration
Authors: Adderley Una
Published: August 2015

Venous leg ulceration affects a large proportion of the elderly population and can have a profound impact on quality of life. Most patients with leg ulcers receive care from community nurses who are principally responsible for prescribing decisions in the management of venous leg ulceration. There is evidence to support the use of potable tap water for cleansing. Evidence supports the use of compression bandaging or compression hosiery for all patients with adequate arterial supply to the lower leg. There is also good evidence to support the prescription of oral pentoxifylline, preferably as an adjunct to compression or, for patients unable to tolerate compression, as a stand-alone therapy. The evidence base for dressings is less robust, but simple low-cost, low-adherent dressings are a reasonable first-line choice for under-compression.
Diagnostic processes and therapeutic decision-making
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: August 2015

This paper will examine the use of advanced history-taking, physical examination and clinical reasoning and how these skills are utilized to formulate a diagnosis, and to determine treatment options and when it is clinically appropriate to treat the patient, using a patient case history to illustrate these processes.
Lymphoedema: a common, but often misunderstood condition
Authors: Hampton Sylvie
Published: August 2015

Lymphoedema impacts considerably on a person's quality of life—with symptoms including swelling, pain and discomfort. Sylvie Hampton reviews what can lead to lymphoedema and recommends the best ways to treat the condition
An inspector calls: be prepared for a health and safety investigation
Authors: Ponting Stuart , Pincombe Claire
Published: August 2015

With recent legal changes in relation to health and safety breaches, it is more important than ever for all duty holders to fully understand and have the ability to manage investigations. Stuart Ponting and Claire Pincombe explain why
PURCHASE OF A NEW AIR SUPERIORITY FIGHTER USING THE ANALYTIC NETWORK HIERARCHY PROCESS
Authors: Nascimento Leila Paula Alves da Silva , Da Silva Amanda , Belderrain Mischel Carmen Neyra
Published: August 2015

The F-X2 Project intends to define the purchase of new air superiority fighter for the Brazilian Air Force (BAF). The purpose of this work is to present a military-based application of the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, adapting the F-X2 Project case to the use of fictitious data. The ANP stands out due to the fact that its characteristics provide realistic solutions. Specific literature has approached its theoretical aspects and its applications in real case and empirical studies.

http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v2i1.73
AN INTERPRETATION OF THE AHP GLOBAL PRIORITY AS THE EIGENVECTOR SOLUTION OF AN ANP SUPERMATRIX
Authors: Lipovetsky Stan
Published: August 2015

Not only the local priority vectors but also the global synthesized priority vector for the alternatives can be obtained from the eigenproblem solution for the ANP supermatrix. This global priority vector retains the main property of any AHP vector – to present the mean dominance of each of the items over the others with respect to the goal of the hierarchy.

http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v3i1.90
THREE SPECIAL ISSUES PLANNED FOR ISAHP2011 PAPERS
Authors: Mu Enrique
Published: August 2015

The International Symposium on the AHP (ISAHP2011) will take place in Sorrento, Italy, June 15-18, 2011. Participants from more than 40 countries have registered to attend the meeting to be held at the Hilton Sorrento Palace Hotel in Sorrento, Italy.

http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v3i1.93
APPLICATION OF THE ANALITIC HIERARCHY PROCESS IN DEVELOPMENT OF TRAIN SCHEDULE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Kopytov Eugene , Demidovs Vasilijs , Petukhova Natalia
Published: August 2015

This paper considers different choices for the optimal data model of train schedule presentation. The authors have suggested three possible models that differ in building principles, of presenting temporal data of the train schedule in Information Systems. Three popular multiple-criteria decision making methods were examined in order to choose the best model. The study presents the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as the most suitable one for comparative evaluation of different data presentation models of the train schedule. In the study, thirteen evaluating criteria are developed which are distributed in three groups: hardware, maintenance and performance. The research is carried out for four different classes of IS: web-based schedule systems, mobile schedule systems, ticket sales systems and rail traffic management systems. MS Excel 2007 was used to display the AHP method; however a visualization tool called conditional formatting has been used to present the most important criteria and the preferred alternatives.

http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v3i2.113
WORDS-FROM-THE-EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Authors: Mu Enrique
Published: August 2015

With this  issue,IJAHP celebrates its  third  year  of  publication.  We  have  been  very  active   during  this  period and have  started  publishing  special  issues; the  first one  was  dedicated   to  the  status  of  AHP  practice  in  Brazil and  we are  currently  working  on  another special   issue on  the  topic  of  sustainability, scheduled  for  spring  2012, thanks  to  the  initiative  of Fabio  DeFelice  and  the  valuable  assistance  of  Antonella  Petrillo.

http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v3i2.59