bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metformin inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation by modulating PI3K/Akt-induced major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A gene expression
Authors: Xia Chenglai , Liu Chang , He Zhihong , Cai Yantao , Chen Jinman
Published: May 2020

Background:Recent studies have shown that the classic hypoglycemic drug metformin inhibits tumor growth; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We previously showed that metformin disrupts the sponge effect of long non-coding RNA MALAT1/miR-142-3p to inhibit cervical cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we interrogated the ability of metformin to modulate the anti-tumor immune response in cervical cancer. Methods:The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect the viability of cervical cancer cells. Flow cytometry assays was performed to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay was used to detect NK Cell Cytotoxicity. Relative protein levels were determined by immunoblotting and relative gene levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Tumor Xenograft Modeling was used to evaluate the effect of metformin in vivo.Results: Metformin inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, cervical cancer xenograft growth, expression of PCNA, p-PI3K and p-Akt. Moreover metformin induced cervical cancer cell apoptosis and caused cancer cell cycle arrest. In addition, metformin upregulated the expression of DDR-1 and p53 in human cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, metformin also regulated the mRNA and protein expression of MICA and Hsp70 on the surface of human cervical cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway, enhancing NK cell cytotoxicity. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results suggest that metformin may be used as immunopotentiator to inhibit cervical cancer progression and may be considered a viable candidate for combination therapy with immunotherapy.
Peer supervision experiences of drug sellers in a rural district in East-Central Uganda: a qualitative study
Authors: Bagonza Arthur , Wamani Henry , Peterson Stefan , Mårtensson Andreas , Mutto Milton , Musoke David , Kitutu Freddy Eric , Mukanga David , Gibson Linda , Awor Phyllis
Published: May 2020

BackgroundSupport supervision improves performance outcomes among health workers. However, the national professional guidelines for new licenses and renewal for class C drug shops in Uganda prescribe self-supervision of licensed private drug sellers.As such, inappropriate treatment of malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea among children under five years of age continues unabated. This study assessed experiences of drug sellers and peer supervisors at the end of a peer supervision intervention in Luuka district in East Central Uganda.MethodsEightin-depth interviews (IDIs) were held with peer supervisors while five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among registered drug sellersat the end of the peer supervision intervention. The study assessed experiences and challenges of peer supervisors and drug sellers regarding peer supervision.Transcripts were imported into Atlas ti 7 qualitative data management software (ATLAS.ti GmbH, Berlin) where they were analysedusing thematic content analysis.ResultsInitially, peer supervisors were disliked and regarded as another extension of drug inspectors by drug sellers. However, with time a good relationship was established between drug sellers and peer supervisors leading to regular, predictable and supportive peer supervision. This increased confidence of drug sellers in using respiratory timers and rapid diagnostic tests in diagnosing pneumonia symptoms and uncomplicated malaria respectively among children under five years. There was also an improvement in completing the sick child register which was used for self-assessment by drug sellers. The drug shop association was mentioned as a place where peer supervision should be anchored since it was a one-stop center for sharing experiences and continuous professional development. Drug sellers proposed including community health workers in monthly drug shop association meetings so that they mayalso gain from the associated benefits. Untimely completion of the sick child registers by drug sellers and inadequate financial resources were the main peer supervision challenges mentioned.ConclusionDrug sellers benefitted from peer supervision by developing a good relationship with peer supervisors.This relationship guaranteed reliable and predictable supervision ultimately leading to improved treatment practices.There is need to explore the minimum resources needed for peer supervision of drug sellers to further inform practice and policy.
Real-time monitoring and reminding of remote peritoneal dialysis system based on the principle of least squares
Authors: Wu Jia , Ji Zheng , Pi Min , Yi Tiegang
Published: May 2020

Background As an important treatment for the treatment of kidney disease, peritoneal dialysis has been widely studied and applied due to its low cost and easy operation. Given that chronic kidney disease is growing globally, peritoneal dialysis is receiving increasing attention. With the development and popularization of mobile network technology, mobile telematics began to become a mainstream trend. The emergence of mobile telemedicine system is an important result of applying the universal computing concept to medical purposes. However, as users are not familiar with the medical field, telemedicine technology depends to a large extent on the patient's acceptance of the use of them.Methods By integrating the experience of clinicians, the remote diagnosis and treatment system of peritoneal dialysis developed by Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital can monitor the whole course of peritoneal dialysis data of patients. We used statistical methods to empirically analyze the peritoneal dialysis data. By exploring data over a standard duration of time, the filtration rate per minute of the peritoneal dialysis patients using a 1.5% low-calcium peritoneal solution was reduced over time and had a power function relationship which can help to remind incorrect data. The linear equation can be obtained by least square regression of the data after the time of peritoneal effusion and the weight of the effluent deformed.Results The least squares method was used to regress the patient's peritoneal dialysis data (logarithm of peritoneal dialysis time and filtration rate per minute), and the regression equation R square was equal to 0.95. The regression coefficient passed the T test and the regression equation fits well. According to the result parameters of the regression equation, we calculated the standard range of filtration rate for each peritoneal dialysis. Taking 441 cases of a random patient as an example, 438 cases of diafiltration rate met the standard range. 3 cases were filtered out below the standard.Conclusions The system can inform the patients of the results according to the confidence interval of the regression prediction, which greatly strengthens the interaction of the system and increases the patients' compliance.
The Status and Trends of Mitochondrial Dynamics Research: A Global Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis
Authors: Mao Xingjia , Liu Xin , Fu Panfeng , Xiang Chuan
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Mitochondria are remarkably dynamic organelles encapsulated by bilayer membranes. The dynamic properties of mitochondria are critical for energy production. Our study aims to investigate the global status and trends of mitochondrial dynamics research.Method: Publications related to the studies of mitochondrial dynamics from 2000 to 2019 were retrieved from Web of Science database. A total of 2999 publications were included. Bibliometric analysis was conducted by visualization of similarities viewer and GraphPadPrism 5 software.Results: There is an increasing trend of mitochondrial dynamics research during the last 20 years. The cumulative number of publications about mitochondrial dynamics research followed the logistic growth model Ob . The USA made the highest contributions to the global research. The journal Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease had the largest publication numbers. The Johns Hopkins University is the most contributive institution. The main research orientation and funding agency were cell biology and NIH. All keywords related studies could be divided into three clusters: “Related disease research”, “Mechanism research” and “Cell metabolism research”.Conclusion: Attention should be drawn to the latest popular research and more efforts will be put into mechanistic research, which may inspire new clinical treatments for the associated diseases.
Current Transition Management of Adolescents and Young Adults with Allergy and Asthma: A European Survey.
Authors: Khaleva Ekaterina , Vazquez-Ortiz Marta , Comberiati Pasquale , DunnGalvin Audrey , Pite Helena , Blumchen Katharina , Garriga-Baraut Teresa , Hox Valerie , Santos Alexandra F , Gore Claudia , Knibb Rebecca C , Alviani Cherry , Mortz Charlotte G , Angier Elizabeth , Duca Bettina , Jensen Britt , Sanchez-Garcia Silvia , Gowland M Hazel , Timmermans Frans , Pfaar Oliver , Roberts Graham
Published: May 2020

Background: Transition from parent-delivered to self-management is a vulnerable time for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with allergy and asthma. There is currently no European guideline available for healthcare professionals (HCPs) on transition of these patients and local/national protocols are also mostly lacking. Methods: European HCPs working with AYA with allergy and asthma were invited to complete an online survey assessing challenges of working with these patients, current transition practices and access to specific healthcare resources. Results: A total of 1179 responses from 41 European countries were collected. Most HCPs (86%) reported a lack of a transition guideline and a lack of a transition process (20% paediatric HCPs, 50% of adult HCPs, 56% HCP seeing all ages). Nearly half (48%) acknowledged a lack of an established feedback system between paediatric and adult medical services. Many respondents never routinely asked about mental health issues such as self-harm or depression and are not confident in asking about self-harm (66.6%), sexuality (64%) and depression (43.6%). The majority of HCPs (76%) had not received specific training in the care of AYA although 87% agreed that transition was important for AYA with allergy and asthma. Conclusion: Although there was agreement that transition is important for AYA with allergy and asthma, there are crucial limitations and variations in the current provision of transition services across Europe. Standardisation of AYA management and specific training are required. This should improve management and continuity of care during adolescence and into adulthood to achieve the best healthcare outcomes.
Evolution of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems and Impact of Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbances: Case of the Cork Oak Forest- Tlemcen- Algeria
Authors: Appiagyei Bright Danso , Latifa Belhoucine-Guezouli , Boutkhil Morsli , Bessah Enoch
Published: May 2020

Background: Forest cover change continues to be one of the most important topics in global environment discussions and negotiations. In North Africa, there is a broad consensus on forest decline but available information on the extent and rate of degradation has been far lower than needed. The present study uses the example of the cork oak forest of Tlemcen (Hafir-Zariffet forest), North West Algeria, to provide spatially explicit and up-to-date information on forest cover changes. The goal was to fill a knowledge gap in a poorly studied area by determining the extent of changes in forest cover. Methods: Land use land cover maps of 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019 were classified using Random Forest Algorithm in R software and change assessed via intensity analysis. Results: The results revealed that sparse vegetation was the dominant land cover at the end of the study period, although it decreased from 71.25% in 1989 to 65.24% in 2019. The lowest coverage was water body from 0.47% in 1989 to 0.18% in 2019. Sparse vegetation and dense forest experienced a major decline of 6.01% and 3.22% respectively. On the other hand, open forest (+6.96%), bare areas (+0.37%), settlements (+1.99%) and agricultural (+0.21%) increased. In the LULC transitions analysis, dense forest recorded loss for two consecutive periods (1989-1999 and 1999-2009). The path of conversion was mainly from dense forest to open forest, an evidence of anthropogenic activities. Conclusion: The findings show that the cork oak forest of Hafir-Zariffet suffered multiple pressures, which cause degradation of this natural heritage. These pressures continue to increase the fragility of forest ecosystem and can affect the rehabilitation or even its resilience. In order to conserve the dwindling cork oak forest, a sustainable and effective management which ensures ecological, economic and social balance should be adopted.
Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Groundwater from Semi-Arid Zones in the Context of Climate Change, Example of Essaouira Region, Morocco
Authors: Bahir Mohammed , Ouhamdouch Salah , Ouazar Driss , Moçayd Nabil El
Published: May 2020

This study aims to assess the effect of climate change on water resources in semi-arid environments, taking the Essaouira region as an example. Analysis of climate data shows a downward trend in precipitation of 12 to 16% and an increase in air temperature of 2.3 °C over the past three decades. The piezometric study shows a continuous drop in the piezometric level which exceeds 12 m for the Cenomanian-Turonian aquifer, 17 m for the Plio-Quaternary aquifer, around 8 m for the Barremian-Aptian aquifer and 5 m for the Hauterivian. Hydrogeochemical analysis shows that (i) the groundwater mineralization is controlled by the dissolution of evaporitic and carbonates minerals, by the reverse ions exchange phenomenon, and by the marine intrusion, especially at Plio-Quaternary aquifer; (ii) the groundwater quality in the study area deteriorates gradually over time and space. The isotopic technique shows that (i) the groundwater recharge in the study area is ensured by precipitation of oceanic origin without significant evaporation and that (ii) climate change has no remarkable effect on the isotopic content of the groundwater of the study area. However, the results of this article reflect that the Essaouira basin is very vulnerable to climate change.
Evaluating the Strategies for Orthopedic and Spine Surgeries during COVID-19 Pandemic in India- a Retrospective Analysis of 24 Patients in a Multispecialty Hospital- Are We Heading to a New Normal?
Authors: Modi Hitesh N. , Shrestha Utsab , Desai Yatin J. , Patel Rukesh , Kuvad Vipul , Agarwala Meeta S. , Mehta Chaitasy
Published: May 2020

Study Design: Retrospective study.Purpose: To present precautionary measures for the orthopedic and spine surgery patients, operating them as per the protocol and analyze findings that can be implemented in non-urgent surgeries during Covid-19 pandemic. Other aim was to analyze the role of multidisciplinary approach, average hospital stay, additional cost behind investigations and hospital bill to guide the patients.Overview of Literature: The literature mentioned to postpone or delay all non-urgent surgeries related to orthopedic and spine conditions till Covid-19 pandemic continues. However, it is not predicted when will this end. No study focusing to conduct essential but non-urgent orthopedic and spine surgeries during this pandemic. Methods: Between March 11, 2020 and May 8, 2020, information on 24 operated orthopedic and spine surgeries were prospectively collected at our institution. Patients were examined in either designated Flu Clinic or out patient department (OPD) after completing screening protocol for Covid-19. Flu clinic team examined all patients and blood investigations, x-ray chest and additional high resolution CT scan were ordered before admission. Patients with symptoms were investigated with RT-PCR for Covid-19. Standardized protocols using multidisciplinary approach were followed for outpatient clinic, admission, surgery and hospital stay regarding Covid-19. Analysis of patients’ hospital stay, hospital bill, admission time and their results of surgeries were performed.Results: 24 patients were operated for orthopedic and spine surgeries with triage as urgent surgeries. 8 and 16 patients were admitted through flu clinic and OPD, respectively; which caused average admission time 179.4+/-138.5 minutes from presentation to admission. All patients managed orthopedic and spine surgeries with improved VAS from average 8.5+/-0.6 preoperatively to 2.7+/-1.0 postoperatively. There was average increase of 5.4+/-2.4% in the overall cost compared to final bill pertaining to Covid-19 precautionary measures. There was no patient or healthcare worker who developed symptoms related to Covid-19.Conclusions: Surgeries should be conducted during Covid-19 pandemics according to their need either to save lives or to provide improved quality of life. Multidisciplinary approach following strict precautionary measures can make it a new-normal norm for the healthcare providers.
In silico screening of JAK-STAT modulators from the antiviral plants of Indian traditional system of medicine with the potential to inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus
Authors: Khanal Pukar , Duyu Taaza , Patil BM , Dey Yadu Nandan , Pasha Ismail , Kavalapure Rohini S.
Published: May 2020

Aim. The present study was aimed to identify the lead hits from reported anti-viral Indian medicinal plants to modulate the proteins through the JAK-STAT pathway and to identify the proteins that share the domain with coronavirus (COVID19) associated proteins i.e. 3CLpro, PLpro, and spike protein. Methods. The reported anti-viral plants were screened from the available databases and published literature; their phytoconstituents were retrieved, gene-expression was predicted and the modulated proteins in JAK-STAT pathway were predicted. The interaction between proteins was evaluated using STRING and the network between phytoconstituents and proteins was constructed using Cytoscape. The druglikeness score was predicted using MolSoft and the ADMET profile of phytoconstituents was evaluated using admetSAR2.0. The domain of three proteins i.e. 3CLpro, PLpro, and spike protein of coronavirus was compared using NCBI blastP against the RCSB database. Results. The majority of the phytoconstituents from the anti-viral plants were predicted to target TRAF5 protein in the JAK-STAT pathway; among them, vitexilactone was predicted to possess the highest druglikeness score. Proteins targeted in the JAK-STAT pathways were also predicted to modulate the immune system. Similarly, the docking study identified sesaminol 2-O-β-D-gentiobioside to possess the highest binding affinity with spike protein. Similarly, phylogeny comparison also identified the common protein domains with other stains of microbes like murine hepatitis virus strain A59, avian infectious bronchitis virus, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus CV777. Conclusion. Although, the present study is based on computer simulations and database mining, it provides two important aspects in identifying the lead hits against coronavirus. First, targeting the JAK-STAT pathway in the corona-infected host by folk anti-viral agents can regulate the immune system which would inhibit spreading the virus inside the subject. Secondly, the well-known targets of coronavirus i.e. 3CLpro, PLpro, and spike protein share some common domains with other proteins of different microbial strains.
Self-efficacy Is a Valuable Predictor of Extension Master Gardeners’ Likelihood to Continue Volunteering in the Program
Authors: Gall Elizabeth A. , Lerner B. Rosie , Orvis Kathryn S.
Published: May 2020

In the United States, more than 80 million households participate in some type of gardening activity, including lawn care, vegetable gardening, and flower gardening. This considerable interest in gardening has led to the demand for accurate information about horticultural topics, trends, and research. One credible source for this information is the Extension Master Gardener (MG) Program, of which volunteering is a foundational component. Descriptive characteristics of Purdue Master Gardener (PMG) and PMG interns, characteristics of program participation, and volunteer behaviors were measured through an online survey questionnaire. Demographics, attitudes, self-efficacy, participation in the PMG program, and prior volunteering experience were measured and relationships between predictive variables and total volunteer hours were explored. Overall, the data revealed participants (N = 673) had strong positive attitudes about volunteering. Participants also reported having increased self-efficacy through participation in the MG program, and attitudes and self-efficacy were highly correlated. Based on the results and theoretical framework, a model was developed that can be used to predict volunteering behaviors within MG programs. The predictive model for volunteering behavior revealed that the number of years as an MG and the participant’s level of self-efficacy were good predictors of the total number of volunteer hours.
Research and Graduate Training as a Basis for Promoting Rapid Change in Traditional Agriculture
Authors: Rohweder D. A. , Kussow W. R. , Ludwick A. E. , Drolsom P. N.
Published: May 2020

Prior to 1964, the Faculty of Agronomy (Agriculture) and Veterinary Medicine in the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil fulfilled its defined role and trained students only to the B. S. degree level. The faculty lacked staff and facilities for conduct of relevant research and was unable to respond to the needs of agriculture in the surrounding region. Today the faculty is effectively training students to the M. S. degree level, has an active problem‐oriented research program that attracts considerable outside research support, has upgraded its staff and those of regional agricultural agencies, and is in a position of leadership in the agricultural development of the region. Keys to these rapid changes have been the implementation of intensive, interdisciplinary research programs and on‐site graduate‐level education supplemented by the Ph. D. training abroad. As a result of the changes, the Faculty is now graduating young men knowledgeable in the agricultural problems of the region and in modern agricultural technology generated by adaptive research. These two elements‐skilled manpower and locally derived research information—have proven to be major prerequisites to rapid development of agriculture in southern Brazil.
The Learning Environment—A Graduate Student's View
Authors: Reetz Harold F.
Published: May 2020

The student is the most important element of the learning environment. His attitudes and personal goals condition his response to instruction. To be successful he must learn how to think, where to get information, and how to keep up with current literature. A good learning environment emphasizes the development of these skills.

A survey of graduate students was conducted at Purdue University and the University of Illinois to supplement my personal opinions. Students listed poor organization and lack of preparation as the most common faults of their instructors. They encouraged the increased use of informal, organized discussions of current research. Good library facilities and a strong professional staff were considered essential for a good learning environment.

The responsibilities of the student and the instructor and the role of the physical environment must be carried beyond the classroom for complete analysis. Independent, original thinking by the student can be encouraged by providing more opportunities for nonclassroom learning experiences. Informal contacts with staff members, knowledge of current research, and awareness of the unanswered questions in various fields can enhance the student's desire to learn by giving relevance to course work.
Relating Soil Science Teaching to Land Use Planning
Authors: Beatty M. T. , Lee G. B.
Published: May 2020

Introducing soil science into the diversified disciplines concerned with land use and land management planning requires both modification of traditional introductory soil science courses and development of new courses, workshops, and seminars. A shift from a disciplinary to a problem‐oriented focus appears desirable in some cases. Because of the limited opportunities for planners to become familiar with soil science during their degree programs, a strong program of continuing education in soil science is essential for optimum long‐term interaction between soil scientists and planners.
The Agronomy Seminar—Boring or Stimulating
Authors: Teare I. D. , Powers W. L.
Published: May 2020

The seminar goal of training students to organize, illustrate, and present papers in a manner acceptable for professional meetings is presented. Suggestions are made on how to prepare slide copy, how much equipment is needed, the importance of knowing how to introduce a speaker, the value of an abstract and reference sheet, and obligations of a major professor to a student.
Kültürel Peyzaj Planlaması Kapsamında Tarihi Çevrelere Yönelik Kentsel Tasarım Önerileri: Tarihi İspir Kalesi ve İspir Evleri
Authors: KARABUDAK ERTEM Zeynep , TURGUT Hilal
Published: May 2020

Günümüzdeki koruma anlayışı geçmiş yıllara göre çağdaş, yenilikçi ve amacına daha uygun bir yaklaşımdır. Koruma anlayışı dünyada ve ülkemizde artık anıtsal yapı ölçeğinden, çevresel ögeleri de kapsayan bütünsel bir koruma anlayışına evrilmiştir. Ne yazık ki yasalardaki eksiklikler, kamuoyunun hala koruma konusunda bilinçsiz olması, devlet kurumlarının yetersizliği gibi durumlardan dolayı, tarihi çevreler ve kültürel peyzajlar tam anlamı ile korunamamakta, tahribata uğramaya devam etmektedirler. Bu çalışmasının amacı kültürel peyzaj alanlarının içerisinde bulunan tarihi sokak dokusunun bir bütün olarak ele alınarak, bu alanların tahribatını önlemek amacıyla korunmasına ve yaşatılmasına yönelik kentsel tasarım önerileri geliştirmektir. Bu bağlamda kültürel peyzaj özelliklerine ve özgün yöresel mimari ögelere sahip olan İspir ilçesi araştırma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın kuramsal temellerini tespit etmek amacıyla, kültürel peyzajlar, tarihi çevreler, Türk kent ve sokak dokusu konuları başta olmak üzere tarihi çevrelerde kentsel planlama konularında yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Araştırma yöntemi kapsamında etüt, veri toplama, analiz ve sentez çalışmaları yapılmıştır. İspir ilçesinin kentsel dokusu detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiş ve elde edilen veriler bilgisayar ortamına aktarılarak haritalar oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, kültürel peyzaj alanlarının koruma kullanma dengesi içerisinde korunmasına, onarılmasına, yaşatılmasına ve yönetilmesine yönelik politikaların oluşturulmasının, ayrıca yerel yönetimler, yerel halk ve ilgili meslek gruplarından oluşan bir komiteyle söz konusu alanların ve çevresinin bütünleşik bir şekilde planlanmasının gerekli olduğu görülmüştür.
Locating water distribution reservoirs in rural Andean areas: a methodological approach
Authors: Abarca Nadya Lizeth Serrano , da Silva Welitom Ttatom Pereira
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to present a methodology for locating water distribution reservoirs in rural Andean areas (isolated areas, low-income population, mountainous region). The research methodology consisted of the following steps: (1) description of the problem; (2) development of the DR location protocol; (3) obtaining an algorithm; (4) calibration and adjustment; and (5) application. The obtained algorithm was based on the classification and overlapping operations of five-parameter maps (pressure limits – pressure in the water supply system from 5 to 40 mH2O; supply by gravity – guarantee of gravity as energy for water movement; accessibility – use of unprotected areas or with restricted occupation; stability, greater distance from geological fault; and, proximity to population concentration, shorter distance between population centres). The overlapping of these parameters enabled us to identify a region of candidate points and select the best location point for the reservoir. The algorithm was applied to a real case indicating satisfactory results. A methodology for locating water distribution reservoirs in rural areas that have important economic constraints, difficult access (mountainous region) and high geospatial dispersion was found. Improvements in methodological steps can still be considered, for example, forecasting the use of pressure control devices in the water supply system.
Önemli Bir Etik Problem Olarak Viroloji Laboratuvarlarının Biyogüvenliği
Authors: NASUHBEYOĞLU Nazım , TOPÇU İbrahim
Published: May 2020

SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün canlı hayvan pazarındaki yarasalardan bulaştığı açıklanmıştır. Ancak, virüsün Çin’in Wuhan kentindeki Viroloji Enstitüsü laboratuvarından kazaen laboratuvar çalışanlarına bulaştığı, oradan da topluma yayıldığı şeklinde iddialar da vardır. Yapılan çalışmalar virüsün büyük olasılıkla laboratuvar ürünü olmadığını gösterse de iddiaların teknik olarak gerçekleşebilir olması tüm insanlık adına endişe vericidir. Yüksek riskli biyolojik materyallerle çalışma yapılan virüs laboratuvarlarının biyogüvenlik ve biyoemniyet standartlarıyla ile ilgili çeşitli rehberler olmasına rağmen bu laboratuvarların çalışmalarını bilimsel ve etik olarak denetleyecek ve gerektiğinde önleyebilecek ciddi ve etkin uluslararası mekanizmalara, adil, bağımsız ve tarafsız kuruluşlara, bağlayıcı uluslararası sözleşmelere ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.
The Role of αvβ6 Integrin Binding Molecules in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Urquiza Mauricio , Guevara Valentina , Diaz-Sana Erika , Mora Felipe
Published: May 2020

Peptidic and non-peptidic αvβ6 integrin-binding molecules have been used in the clinic for detection and treatment of tumors expressing αvβ6 integrin, because this protein is expressed in malignant epithelial cells of the oral cavity, pancreas, breast, ovary, colon and stomach carcinomas but it is not expressed in healthy adult tissue except during wound healing and inflammation. This review focuses on the landscape of αvβ6 integrinbinding molecules and their use in cancer treatment and detection, and discusses recent designs for tumor detection, treatment, and immunotherapy. In the last ten years, several reviews abamp;#945;vβ6 integrin-binding molecules and their role in cancer detection and treatment. Firstly, this review describes the role of the αvβ6 integrin in normal tissues, how the expression of this protein is correlated with cancer severity and its role in cancer development. Taking into account the potential of αvβ6 integrin-binding molecules in detection and treatment of specific tumors, special attention is given to several high-affinity αvβ6 integrin-binding peptides used for tumor imaging; particularly, the αvβ6-binding peptide NAVPNLRGDLQVLAQKVART [A20FMDV2], derived from the foot and mouth disease virus. This peptide labeled with either 18F, 111In or with 68Ga has been used for PET imaging of αvβ6 integrin-positive tumors. Moreover, αvβ6 integrin-binding peptides have been used for photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging and could potentially be used in clinical application in cancer diagnosis and intraoperative imaging of αvβ6-integrin positive tumors. Additionally, non-peptidic αvβ6-binding molecules have been designed and used in the clinic for the detection and treatment of αvβ6-expressing tumors. Anti-αvβ6 integrin antibodies are another useful tool for selective identification and treatment of αvβ6 (+) tumors. The utility of these αvβ6 integrin-binding molecules as a tool for tumor detection and treatment is discussed, considering specificity, sensitivity and serum stability. Another use of the αvβ6 integrin-binding peptides is to modify the Ad5 cell tropism for inducing oncolytic activity of αvβ6-integrin positive tumor cells by expressing A20FMDV2 peptide within the fiber knob protein (Ad5NULL-A20). The newly designed oncolytic Ad5NULL-A20 virotherapy is promising for local and systemic targeting of αvβ6-overexpressing cancers. Finally, new evidence has emerged, indicating that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) containing the αvβ6 integrin- binding peptide on top of CD28+CD3 endodomain displays a potent therapeutic activity in a diverse repertoire of solid tumor models.
Disseminated TB in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Nezhad Malihe Hassan , Ganadan Alireza , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Abadi Fatemeh Nili Ahmad , Manshadi Seyed Ali Dehghan , Salehi Mohammad Reza , Ghiasvand Fereshte , Khatami Seyedeh Rana
Published: May 2020

Background::

Tuberculosis considered as a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, may invade all organs but mainly affects the lungs. Overall, disseminated
TB is rare in immunocompetent patients and its association with seborrheic keratosis has never
been reported.

Case Presentation:

We reported a 54-year-old man with a complaint prolonged fever, abdominal
pain, weight loss and lymphadenopathy without any immunosuppression who was eventually treated
based on the diagnosis of diffuse tuberculosis.
Evaluation of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Therapeutic Results in Patients With Unilateral cryptorchidism (Undescended Testis)
Authors: Sharifiaghdas Farzaneh , Sharifiaghdas Sepideh , Maleki Esmaeil R. , Narouie Behzad , Shikhzadeh Abdolsamad , Mehrabi Sarvenaz
Published: May 2020

Background:

Cryptorchidism or undescended testis is an evolutionary defect where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. HCG causes the testes to fail, possibly due to weight gain, an increase in testicular vasculature, and stimulating the testosterone and di-hydro-testosterone. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of HCG on patients with unilateral cryptorchidism.

Methods:

In a prospective descriptive study, 211 patients of 8 months to 7 years old with unilateral cryptorchidism whose parents refused surgery received HCG therapy. The patients were followed up 1 month, 3months, and 12 months after the first injection. They were examined in terms of the location of testes, possible relapses, sides of undescended testes, treatment complications, and HCG therapeutic results.

Results:

Four weeks after the first injection, 160 patients (75.12%) out of 211 cases had the descent of testes into the inguinal canal and the scrotum. 69.5% of non-palpable abdominal testes descended into the inguinal canal, 69.7% of patients with inguinal testes, 78% of patients with supra inguinal testes and 100% of patients with retractile testis experienced the descent of testes into the scrotum.

Conclusion:

The therapeutic response to HCG was successful in more than 50% of the cases in all the groups. Therefore, the need for performing surgical procedures on children with unilateral cryptorchidism would be decreased and they can be treated by a cost-effective and less invasive method. Moreover, at least one-year follow-up of the patients is required to ensure outcomes of the treatment.
Pediatric Dentists’ Educational Experiences, Attitudes, and Professional Behavior Concerning Resin Infiltration: Implications for Dental Education
Authors: Halcomb Michael Jordan , Inglehart Marita R. , Karl Elisabeta
Published: May 2020

Minimally invasive dentistry (MID) is receiving increased attention. Resin infiltration (RI) is one micro‐invasive technique for treating initial caries by sealing white spot lesions on tooth surfaces. The aims of this study were to assess pediatric dentists’ RI‐related educational experiences, attitudes, and professional behavior and to determine if their educational experiences were significantly related to their professional attitudes and behavior regarding RI. This cross‐sectional study used an online survey to collect data from members of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) in March‐April 2017. Of the 2,367 AAPD members invited to participate, 43 emails could not be delivered, and 273 surveys were completed, for a response rate of 11.8%. While only 9% of the 273 respondents reported that their classroom‐based dental education had informed them about RI and only 1% that it had prepared them well to use RI with pediatric patients, higher percentages said they had been informed/prepared well by their classroom‐based (24%) and clinical residency education (12%). The majority wanted to learn more about RI (71%) and would like to take a related CE course (59%). The respondents’ average RI‐related attitudes were positive (on five‐point scale with 1=worst attitude: Mean=3.84). Regarding use of RI, 28% of respondents said they used RI sometimes and 4% often/very often, with 64% considering implementing RI in their clinics. Graduation year did not correlate with RI attitudes and use. However, the more education about RI the respondents had received during their residency (r=0.20; p<0.01) and in professional development after graduation (r=0.34; p<0.001), the more they used RI in their own work. This study found that the pediatric dentists’ RI‐related education was positively correlated with their professional behavior. Increasing predoctoral, resident, and continuing professional education about RI should therefore be considered.
CBCT in Advanced Dental Education: A Survey of U.S. Postdoctoral Periodontics Programs
Authors: Beals Douglas W. , Parashar Vijay , Francis John R. , Agostini Gina M. , Gill Amanda
Published: May 2020

Historically, predoctoral and advanced dental education programs used two‐dimensional panoramic and periapical radiographs for implant planning. Three‐dimensional (3D) Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging has improved visualization of anatomic structures that can positively influence implant planning and surgical implant placement. The aim of this study was to assess how U.S. postdoctoral periodontics programs have incorporated CBCT technology into their curricula. A ten‐question survey was sent to all 57 U.S. postdoctoral periodontics programs in November‐December 2018. Thirty‐seven responses were received, for a 65% response rate. All participating programs reported providing residents access to CBCT machines, and most of their residents received some training in the acquisition and interpretation of CBCT images. Nearly all (95%) participating programs provided training to apply implant planning software. Among the participating programs, 14% reported using a surgical guide fabricated with a CBCT scan 76‐100% of the time, and 60% reported obtaining a CBCT scan for implant cases 76‐100% of the time. These results suggest that, while residents are receiving training in CBCT and implant planning, it is not used often. There may be merit in adopting the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology's recommendation to use 3D imaging for all implant planning, with CBCT as the imaging modality of choice.
Dental Faculty, Student, and Alumni Perceptions of Happiness and Life Satisfaction in Dental School: Foundations for Resilience and Well‐Being
Authors: Fountain Anita Chu , Roberts Eugenia P. , Schuster Gregory , Breitmeyer Angela M. , Stein Amy Buros
Published: May 2020

This study examined happiness and satisfaction as possible foundations for long‐term well‐being and resilience in dental education. Psychological research has found that respect, camaraderie, and trust help define well‐being and that resilience is built with these supportive influences. The aims of this study were to assess if happiness and life satisfaction reported by one U.S. dental school's faculty, students, and alumni also enhanced their perceived well‐being and resilience and to determine the factor that most affected the participants’ happiness. Email and hard copy surveys were distributed in 2018 and 2019 to all 71 full‐time preclinical and clinical faculty members, 572 students in all four years, and 143 alumni who graduated in 2018 (total N = 786). Overall, 471 responded; response rates by group were as follows: faculty 87.3% (N = 62), students 65.9% (N = 377), and graduates 22.4% (N = 32). Of the three groups, responding faculty members reported having the highest levels of happiness in life (92.0%) and job satisfaction (90.3%). In the highest percentage reported, 90.2% of D4 students reported that the level of trust and respect they received from clinical faculty members contributed most to their happiness. The lowest level of happiness among the groups (71.0%) was reported by the D2 students. These results suggested that perceived well‐being translated to happiness among the participants in our study. More research is needed to understand the relationship among positive environments, well‐being, and provider resilience in dental education.
Examining the Preferred Learning Styles of U.S. Dental Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Salter Reginald O. , Akagi Cynthia G.
Published: May 2020

As the number of students with recognized learning disabilities who are pursuing higher education increases, strategies for success become important. The aim of this mixed‐methods study was to gather from U.S. dental students with learning disabilities information about their preferred learning styles and strategies to achieve the objectives of their academic programs. Data were collected in 2018 from a sample of 11 dental students who were members of the National Dental Association. Data collection was done with the Kolb's Learning Style Index (LSI) version 3.1 and a six‐item, open‐ended questionnaire. The results showed that assimilated learning was the most common learning style of these students in the preclinical and clinical phases, as measured by the LSI v. 3.1. The majority of the students believed their style of learning had not changed from the preclinical to the clinical phase of their education. Participants perceived that learning was best accomplished by adapting to the professor's teaching style, but they reported positive benefits of having accommodations in the classroom including extended testing time, recorded lectures, and transcribed notes. This study demonstrated that students with learning disabilities were pursuing dental careers and they preferred certain types of educational methodologies. These findings suggest that dental schools would do well to continue to welcome students with learning disabilities and accommodate their learning needs.
Attributes of Effective Clinical Teachers in Dental Hygiene Education
Authors: Artim Dayna E. , Smallidge Dianne , Boyd Linda D. , August Jessica N. , Vineyard Jared
Published: May 2020

Many health professions have identified characteristics of an effective clinical instructor and used this information to create tools to measure clinical teaching effectiveness (CTE) in their disciplines. However, minimal research has been conducted to explore the attributes of an effective clinical instructor in dental hygiene education. The aim of this study was to identify the attributes of dental hygiene clinical instructors associated with effective teaching. This study used a Delphi research design to iteratively survey an expert panel of 14 dental hygiene instructors in dental hygiene programs from 13 U.S. states in 2019. A cumulative overall response rate of 89.3% was achieved after conducting three survey rounds. The results showed statistically significant consensus on 91 CTE characteristics. Participants agreed that effective clinical instructors should possess the ability to clearly communicate, foster interpersonal relationships, encourage a climate of mutual respect, and act as good role models who are emotionally intelligent, caring, trustworthy, fair, honest, and supportive. There was also agreement that effective clinical instructors were those who created a safe learning environment centered on collaboration, motivation, guidance, and positive corrective feedback. These results were similar to those identified in other health professions. However, there is a need for dental hygiene education to develop its own CTE assessment tool for use in professional development.
Penentuan Aspek Implisit dengan Ekstraksi Knowledge Berbasis Rule pada Ulasan Bahasa Indonesia (Determination of Implicit Aspects with Rule Based Knowledge Extraction in Indonesian Reviews)
Authors: Setiowati Yuliana , Setyorini Fitri , Helen Afrida
Published: May 2020

Determination of implicit aspects is one of the important things in opinion sentences. This study proposes a new approach for developing rule-based knowledge by forming a relation between opinion words with aspect categories. The relationship is obtained from the combination of rules, based on Opinion Word Similarity (OWS). Evaluation for rule-based knowledge extraction is in the form of threshold values of frequency and confidence to produce the best precision, recall, and f-measure values. The knowledge extraction consists of two phases: training phase and testing phase. The training phase is described as the process to extract rule-based knowledge. The testing phase is described as the process to obtain the implicit aspects of opinion sentences by referring to rule-based knowledge. To extract rule-based knowledge on user reviews, it is necessary to identify opinion sentences with explicit aspects and get pairs of aspects and words of opinion with rules generated from regular expressions. The evaluation res ult of rule-based knowledge with confidence using OWS showed better results compared to rule-based knowledge without using OWS. By using OWS, precision value increased by 0.25%, recall value increased by 1.15%, and precision value increased by 0.83%.
An Examination of Satyagraha as a Principle of Peace
Authors: Ukwu Nwafor Matthew
Published: May 2020

In a world that desperately needs peace more than ever, the principle of Satyagraha becomes not only important, but essential to achieve true and lasting peace. True peace, which is perfect, according to Thomas Aquinas, “cannot be achieved except where the appetite is directed to what is truly good”. This is the goal of humanity; however, this goal is elusive when justice is separated from peace. It is harmful when truth is sidelined in the pursuit of peace and even worse, when love is not made central in this goal. One philosophy of peacebuilding that reverses this anomaly is found embedded in Satyagraha. This paper aims to appraise and analyze this practical philosophy as the unfailing principle of peacemaking and peacebuilding.
PRAVNO-POLITIČKI ASPEKTI UPRAVLJANJA DRŽAVOM U 21. VEKU
Authors: Blanusa Andrija , Vasilkov Zoranco , Petrovic Slobodan
Published: May 2020

Upravljanje državom i vršenje vlasti je još u antičkom vremenu bila potreba kojoj su težili najkompetentniji i najumniji članovi društva tog doba. Upravljanje državom, kao i izučavanje njenih najvažnijih oblika i specifičnosti su bili predmet interesovanja brojnih teoretičara koji su se bavili naukom o upravljanju. Ni dan danas ne postoji zajednička i jedinstvena teorija i definicija upravljanja državom oko koje bi se svi teroretičari ove mlade nauke složili i usaglasili, iako smo upoznati sa veliki brojem teroretičara koji se bave ovom naukom. Kroz istoriju sveta i civilizacije postojali su i brojni, različiti pravci kao i teorije koje su pokušavale da, narodu posebno, približe ideologije i pristupe upravljanja državom i njenim društvom.Državno upravljanje se može vršiti na različite načine. Može se govoriti o oba čista tipa, o javnom upravljanju organizovanom kao birokratija, kao marketizacija i kao partnerstvo, ili kao mešavina. Institucionalna promena u državnom upravljanju je vođena tenzijom između nasleđa države, s jedne strane i novih globalnih modela javne uprave, s druge strane, što je imperativ savremenog društva i neoliberalnog koncepta ekonomske organizovanosti razvijenih država Evrope. Iako smo naveli da postoji veliki broj definicija vezanih za državno upravljanje, možda je najbolje objašnjenje i značenje samog pojma države ponudila marksisitička filozofija u kojoj se naglašava da je država klasna organizacija koja štiti interese vladajuće klase aparatom prinude fizičke sile kojim raspolaže. Po prethodno rečenom, analiza upravljanja državom treba da bude izazov u svakom vremenu i za svakog istraživača koji pretenduje da se bavi ovom oblašću. Osnovna hipoteza u ovom radu jeste utvrđivanje i definisanje vitalnih nosilaca pravno-političke vlasti. Iz ovog proizilazi naučna, ali i društvena opravdanost prikaza dobre uprave, odn. državnog menadžmenta.