bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced enamel epithelium‐derived cell niche in the junctional epithelium is maintained for a long time in mice
Authors: Soda Miki , Saito Kotaro , Ida‐Yonemochi Hiroko , Nakakura‐Ohshima Kuniko , Kenmotsu Shinichi , Ohshima Hayato
Published: September 2019

Background

Although numerous reports have demonstrated that the junctional epithelium (JE) is derived from the reduced enamel epithelium (REE), the fate of the REE‐derived JE remains controversial. The present study elucidated the fate of the REE‐derived JE and the cell dynamics of stem/progenitor cells in the JE following tooth eruption.

Methods

Mandibular first molar germs (embryonic days 15 to postnatal 1‐day‐old) were transplanted into the socket of 2‐week‐old mice after extraction of the upper first molars of B6 wild‐type (WT) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice. After analysis by µ‐CT, paraffin sections were processed for immunohistochemistry for Nestin, Ki67 and GFP. We also performed chasing analysis using BrdU‐administered TetOP‐H2B‐GFP mice.

Results

Amelogenesis progressed normally in the cervical areas, and the structure of the JE was like that in normal tooth development. The JE was GFP‐negative in transplantations using GFP transgenic mice as the host, and the oral epithelium (OE) showed a positive reaction. By contrast, the JE remained GFP‐positive throughout the experimental period in transplantations using GFP transgenic mice as the donor. Chasing analysis revealed that H2B‐GFP‐ and 5‐Bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU)‐labeled cells in the basal side of the JE translocated to oral side of the JE as the chasing time increased. Some label‐retaining cells remained at the supra‐basal cell layer in the JE.

Conclusion

These results suggest that REE‐derived cell niche in the JE is maintained for a long time following tooth eruption. Therefore, the JE may be available as the source of the odontogenic epithelium.
Business strategy and business environment: The impact of virtual communities on value creation
Authors: Ardley Barry , McIntosh Eleanor
Published: September 2019

The impact of new forces in the firm's business environment means that strategy and value are now delivered and captured in digital spaces occupied by virtual communities of customers. These strategic changes have made possible the sharing of value creating practices between consumers and firms, where customers are now highly influential in brand decisions. Technology has made it possible to co‐opt customers directly into the product design process. Many customer facing strategy processes and practices have been transformed due to changes in markets, technology, and the business environment.
Evolution of volatile compounds in ‘Cuoredolce®’ and ‘Rugby’ mini‐ watermelons (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura and Nakai) in relation to ripening at harvest
Authors: Bianchi Giulia , Provenzi Lia , Rizzolo Anna
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Watermelon is appreciated for its nutritional properties and for its flavor. Among the flavor‐active compounds that it contains, volatiles play a key role being responsible for aroma. Recent breeding activity has led to the release of mini‐watermelons with reduced fruit weight. This paper reports on the characterization of aroma profiles of 'Rugby' and 'Cuoredolce®' novel mini‐watermelon cultivars at the ripening stage. The main volatiles were identified and quantified using headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas‐chromatography mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS), and their concentrations were correlated with the E‐nose profile. The potential contribution of volatile compounds to the fruit aroma was evaluated by computing the odor activity values (OAV).

RESULTS

Twenty main volatile compounds were identified: aldehydes (9), alcohols (4), ketones (2), and terpenes and terpenoids (5). C‐9 aldehydes and alcohols were the prevalent compounds. The two cultivars differed in precocity, with ‘Rugby’ being riper from the early stage considered. Many apocarotenoids with desirable olfactory notes were detected in the volatile profile of ‘Rugby’. Four e‐nose sensors' signals significantly changed with variety and ripening stage: W1W and W2W were positively correlated and W6S was negatively correlated with all identified volatiles, while W3S showed a negative correlation with 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, the major lycopene catabolite.

CONCLUSIONS

The aroma profiles described here contribute to the characterization of 'Cuoredolce®' and 'Rugby' mini‐watermelon cultivars. Electronic‐nose measurement was able to discriminate between cultivars and, to a lesser extent, among ripening stages. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Rapid determination of antiviral medication ribavirin in different feedstuffs using a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Ma Jin‐Kui , Huang Xiao‐Chen , Wei Shou‐Lian
Published: September 2019

A novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbing material was successfully synthesized to detect ribavirin in animal feedstuff. Molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared through surface polymerization by using ribavirin as template molecule, methyl methacrylate, and γ‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica as bifunctional monomers, and ethylene diglycidyl ether as crosslinking agent. The prepared magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Static and dynamic adsorption experiments and selective adsorption analysis were performed to evaluate the adsorption and selectivity of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer. Different experiments were conducted to optimize the magnetic solid‐phase extraction conditions. Under optimal experimental conditions, a magnetic molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography method was successfully developed for ribavirin detection. The established method achieved a satisfactory linear range of 0.20–50 mg/L (R2 > 0.99) and a low detection limit (0.081 mg/kg). An average recovery of 92–105% with relative standard deviation of <6.5% was obtained upon the application of the developed method to detect ribavirin in real feedstuff samples. Thus, established method can be used for the rapid and simple separation and detection of added ribavirin in feedstuff.
Tracheal Ultrasound for the Accurate Confirmation of the Endotracheal Tube Position in Obese Patients
Authors: Men Xiao Qian , Yan Xi Xin
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Obesity is a serious disorder that may lead to numerous difficulties in endotracheal tube (ETT) management. This study investigated the potential of tracheal ultrasound (TUS) for the accurate confirmation of the ETT position in obese patients.

Methods

A total of 68 obese patients undergoing tracheal intubation were enrolled in this study from January 2017 to June 2018. All patients received auscultation and TUS to evaluate the ETT position, which was ultimately verified by bronchoscopy. A correct position of the ETT was defined as placement at the trachea, whereas placement at the right/left main bronchus was classified as an incorrect position.

Results

We found 58 correct placements of the ETT at the trachea, 8 incorrect placements at the right main bronchus, and 2 incorrect placements at the left main bronchus. Compared with auscultation, TUS showed higher accuracy (85.29% versus 67.65%; P = .005), sensitivity (84.48% versus 67.24%; P = .005), and specificity (90.00% versus 70.00%; P < .001), as well as lower rates of false‐positive (10.00% versus 30.00%; P < .001) and false‐negative (15.52% versus 32.76%; P = .005) results for detecting the correct placement of the ETT, defined as placement at the trachea.

Conclusions

Tracheal ultrasound is highly sensitive and specific in confirming the ETT position in obese patients.
Waterfowl management and diet of the salt marsh harvest mouse
Authors: Smith Katherine R. , Kelt Douglas A.
Published: September 2019

The salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris) is an endangered species, endemic to the marshes of the San Francisco Bay, California, USA. This species is thought to feed primarily on pickleweed (Salicornia pacifica), although its diet is poorly understood, and a large proportion of remaining habitat for salt marsh harvest mice is managed for non‐pickleweed vegetation to provide habitat for waterfowl. Using 2 sets of cafeteria trials, we tested food preferences of the salt marsh harvest mouse when offered a variety of plants and invertebrates from the Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California. In a set repeated menu, and unique seasonal menus, salt marsh harvest mice showed strong preferences for food types commonly grown for waterfowl, and also for non‐native plants; in contrast, pickleweed was the most preferred during only some of the set and some of the seasonal trials. These results suggest that salt marsh harvest mice have a more flexible diet than previously thought, and will allow land managers in areas such as the Suisun Marsh to promote the growth of plants that provide foods that are preferred by both waterfowl and salt marsh harvest mice. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Puma population limitation and regulation: What matters in puma management?
Authors: Logan Kenneth A.
Published: September 2019

Wildlife managers require reliable information on factors that influence animal populations to develop successful management programs, including the puma (Puma concolor), in western North America. As puma populations have recovered in recent decades because of restrictions on human‐caused mortality, managers need a clear understanding of the factors that limit or regulate puma populations and how those factors might be manipulated to achieve management objectives, including sustaining puma and other wildlife populations, providing hunting opportunity, and reducing puma interactions with people. I synthesized technical literature on puma populations, behavior, and relationships with prey that have contributed to hypotheses on puma population limitation and regulation. Current hypotheses on puma population limitation include the social limitation hypothesis and the food limitation hypothesis. Associated with each of those are 2 hypotheses on puma population regulation: the social regulation hypothesis and the competition regulation hypothesis. I organize the biological and ecological attributes of pumas reported in the literature under these hypotheses. I discuss the validity of these hypotheses based on the limits of the research associated with the hypotheses and the evolutionary processes theoretically underlying them. I review the management predictions as framed by these hypotheses as they pertain to puma hunting, puma‐prey relationships, and human‐puma interactions. The food limitation and competition regulation hypotheses explain more phenomena associated with puma and likely would guide more successful management outcomes. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Corticosteroid‐induced glaucoma in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Sugiyama Minako , Terashita Yukayo , Hara Kazuya , Cho Yuko , Iguchi Akihiro , Chin Shinki , Manabe Atsushi
Published: September 2019

Background

Corticosteroids, especially dexamethasone, play a critical role in chemotherapy for pediatric hematological malignancies. We previously observed that patients with complaints of headache or photophobia during corticosteroid administration had high intraocular pressure (IOP).

Procedure

We measured IOP during corticosteroid administration in 15 patients with acute leukemia or lymphoma undergoing treatment at our institution from January 2016 to December 2018. IOP was measured by an ophthalmologist within seven days of the initiation of standard dose of corticosteroid, which was defined as 60 mg/m2/day for prednisolone and 10 mg/m2/day for dexamethasone.

Results

Fifteen patients received 52 courses of chemotherapy containing corticosteroids. IOP exceeded 21 mmHg among 13 patients in 28 courses. Twelve of the 13 patients were administered topical treatment, and six of the 12 patients needed additional diuretic agents. IOP during the chemotherapy courses containing dexamethasone was significantly higher compared with IOP during the chemotherapy courses containing prednisolone. Only two patients complained of symptoms, such as headache and photophobia, and one of the two patients underwent trabeculotomy. Funduscopic findings were normal in all patients. There was a dose‐associated decrease in IOP with reduction of dexamethasone dose.

Conclusions

IOP should be measured during administration of substantial corticosteroid doses even in patients with no symptoms. Further investigations regarding the level of IOP for intervention need to be conducted.
Prenatal diagnosis of HNF1B‐associated renal cysts: Is there a need to differentiate intragenic variants from 17q12 microdeletion syndrome?
Authors: Vasileiou Georgia , Hoyer Juliane , Thiel Christian T. , Schaefer Jan , Zapke Maren , Krumbiegel Mandy , Kraus Cornelia , Zweier Markus , Uebe Steffen , Ekici Arif B. , Schneider Michael , Wiesener Michael , Rauch Anita , Faschingbauer Florian , Reis André , Zweier Christiane , Popp Bernt
Published: September 2019

Objective

17q12 microdeletions containing HNF1B and intragenic variants within this gene are associated with variable developmental, endocrine, and renal anomalies, often already noted prenatally as hyperechogenic/cystic kidneys. Here, we describe prenatal and postnatal phenotypes of seven individuals with HNF1B aberrations and compare their clinical and genetic data to those of previous studies.

Methods

Prenatal sequencing and postnatal chromosomal microarray analysis were performed in seven individuals with renal and/or neurodevelopmental phenotypes. We evaluated HNF1B‐related clinical features from 82 studies and reclassified 192 reported intragenic HNF1B variants.

Results

In a prenatal case, we identified a novel in‐frame deletion p.(Gly239del) within the HNF1B DNA‐binding domain, a mutational hot spot as demonstrated by spatial clustering analysis and high computational prediction scores. The six postnatally diagnosed individuals harbored 17q12 microdeletions. Literature screening revealed variable reporting of HNF1B‐associated clinical traits. Overall, both mutation groups showed a high phenotypic heterogeneity. The reclassification of all previously reported intragenic HNF1B variants provided an up‐to‐date overview of the mutational spectrum.

Conclusions

We highlight the value of prenatal HNF1B screening in renal developmental diseases. Standardized clinical reporting and systematic classification of HNF1B variants are necessary for a more accurate risk quantification of prenatal and postnatal clinical features, improving genetic counseling and prenatal decision making.
Generating Plateau Burning Segments for Composite Solid Rocket Propellants
Authors: El‐Basuony Sameh A. , Sadek Mohamed A. , Wafy Tamer Z. , Mostafa Hosam E.
Published: September 2019

Plateau burning is a highly desired phenomenon for composite solid rocket propellants. Three composite propellant compositions were prepared in an attempt to generate plateau burning segments. In these compositions the curative type was changed along with controlling the coarse to fine ratio of the oxidizer particles. The prepared compositions were extensively tested at one‐MPa segments from 1 to 14 MPa through strand burner technique. The results showed that depriving the combustion process from the thermal energy causes the plateau to exist. The thermal depriving was achieved through controlling the spacing of coarse and fine particle of the oxidizer, to reduce the intensity of their combustion flame, and through employing binders that possess high activation energy for the first decomposition stage. These findings were proven through the appearance of bi‐plateau segments for the first time for one of the employed isocyanates.
Palmatine: A review of pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Tarabasz Dominik , Kukula‐Koch Wirginia
Published: September 2019

The aim of this review is to collect together the results of the numerous studies over the last two decades on the pharmacological properties of palmatine published in scientific databases like Scopus and PubMed, which are scattered across different publications. Palmatine, an isoquinoline alkaloid from the class of protoberberines, is a yellow compound present in the extracts from different representatives of Berberidaceae, Papaveraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Menispermaceae. It has been extensively used in traditional medicine of Asia in the treatment of jaundice, liver‐related diseases, hypertension, inflammation, and dysentery. New findings describe its possible applications in the treatment of civilization diseases like central nervous system‐related problems. This review intends to let this alkaloid come out from the shade of a more frequently described alkaloid: berberine. The toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and biological activities of this protoberberine alkaloid will be developed in this work.
Techniques and challenges in the assimilation of atmospheric water observations for numerical weather prediction towards convective scales
Authors: Bannister Ross Noel , Chipilski Hristo Georgiev , Martinez‐Alvarado Oscar
Published: September 2019

While contemporary numerical weather prediction models represent the large‐scale structure of moist atmospheric processes reasonably well, they often struggle to maintain accurate forecasts of small‐scale features such as convective rainfall. Even though high‐resolution models resolve more of the flow, and are therefore arguably more accurate, moist convective flow becomes increasingly nonlinear and dynamically unstable. Importantly, the models' initial conditions are typically sub‐optimal, leaving scope to improve the accuracy of forecasts with improved data assimilation. To address issues regarding the use of atmospheric water‐related observations – especially at convective scales (also known as storm scales) – this article discusses the observation and assimilation of water‐related quantities. Special emphasis is placed on background error statistics for variational and hybrid methods which need special attention for water variables. The challenges of convective‐scale data assimilation of atmospheric water information are discussed, which are more difficult to tackle than at larger scales. Some of the most important challenges include the greater degree of inhomogeneity and lower degree of smoothness of the flow, the high volume of water‐related observations (e.g. from radar, microwave and infrared instruments), the need to analyse a range of hydrometeors, the increasing importance of position errors in forecasts, the greater sophistication of forward models to allow use of indirect observations (e.g. cloud‐ and precipitation‐affected observations), the need to account for the flow‐dependent multivariate “balance” between atmospheric water and both dynamical and mass fields, and the inherent non‐Gaussian nature of atmospheric water variables.
Development and evaluation of an autonomous camera control algorithm on the da Vinci Surgical System
Authors: Eslamian Shahab , Reisner Luke A. , Pandya Abhilash K.
Published: September 2019

Background

Manual control of the camera arm in telerobotic surgical systems requires the surgeon to repeatedly interrupt the flow of the surgery. During surgery, there are instances when one or even both tools can drift out of the field of view. These issues may lead to increased workload and potential errors.

Methods

We performed a 20‐participant subject study (including four surgeons) to compare different methods of camera control on a customized da Vinci Surgical System. We tested (a) an autonomous camera algorithm, (b) standard clutched control, and (c) an experienced camera operator using a joystick.

Results

The automated algorithm surpassed the traditional method of clutched camera control in measures of userperceived workload, efficiency, and progress. Additionally, it was consistently able to generate more centered and appropriately zoomed viewpoints than the other methods while keeping both tools safely inside the camera's field of view.

Conclusions

Clinical systems of the future should consider automating the camera control aspects of robotic surgery.
A hybrid deep learning architecture for classification of microscopic damage on National Ignition Facility laser optics
Authors: Amorin Connor , Kegelmeyer Laura M. , Kegelmeyer W. Philip
Published: September 2019

Accurately classifying microscopic damage helps automate the repair and recycling of National Ignition Facility optics and informs the study of damage initiation and growth. This complex 12‐class problem previously required human experts to distinguish and label the various damage morphologies. Finding image analysis methods to extract and calculate distinguishing features would be time consuming and challenging, so we sought to automate this task by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pretrained on the ImageNet database to take advantage of its automated feature discovery and extraction. We compared three model architectures on this dataset and found the one with highest overall accuracy, 99.17%, was a novel hybrid architecture, one in which we removed the final decision‐making layer of the deep learner and replaced it with an ensemble of decision trees (EDT). This combines the power of feature extraction by CNNs with the decision‐making strength of EDT. The accuracy of the hybrid architecture over the deep learning alone is shown to be significantly improved. Furthermore, we applied this novel hybrid architecture to an entirely different dataset, one containing images of repaired damage sites, and improved on the previously published findings, also with a demonstrably significant increase in accuracy over using the deep learner alone.
Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions for Synthesizing Layered Materials and Their 2D Counterparts
Authors: Wang Dongya , Luo Fei , Lu Min , Xie Xiaoji , Huang Ling , Huang Wei
Published: September 2019

2D materials, namely thin layers of layered materials, are attracting much attention because of their unique electronic, optical, thermal, and catalytic properties for wide applications. To advance both the fundamental studies and further practical applications, the scalable and controlled synthesis of large‐sized 2D materials is desired, while there still lacks ideal approaches. Alternatively, the chemical vapor transport reaction is an old but powerful technique, and is recently adopted for synthesizing 2D materials, producing bulk crystals of layered materials or corresponding 2D films. Herein, recent advancements in synthesizing both bulk layered and 2D materials by chemical vapor transport reactions are summarized. Beginning with a brief introduction of the fundamentals of chemical vapor transport reactions, chemical vapor transport–based syntheses of bulk layered and 2D materials, mainly exampled by transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus, are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to important factors that can influence the reactions and the growth mechanisms of black phosphorus. Finally, perspectives about the chemical vapor transport–based synthesis of 2D materials are discussed, intending to redraw attentions on chemical vapor transport reactions.
CeO2‐Encapsulated Hollow Ag–Au Nanocage Hybrid Nanostructures as High‐Performance Catalysts for Cascade Reactions
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Pan Jing , Long Yan , Li Jian , Li Wei , Song Shuyan , Shi Zhan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: September 2019

Inspired by bio‐enzymes, multistep cascade reactions are highly attractive in catalysis. Despite extensive research in recent years, it remains a challenge to promote the stability and activity of catalysts. Here, well‐defined core–shell structured Ag–Au nanocage@CeO2 (Ag–Au NC@CeO2) are designed by a simple and facile self‐assembly method. The results indicate that the Ag–Au NC@CeO2 has glucose oxidase‐like activity and intrinsic peroxidase‐like activity at the same time. As expected, Ag–Au NC@CeO2 hybrid nanomaterials exhibit cascade reactions activity. Moreover, the hybrid materials are promising to detect glucose without bio‐enzymes. This research has potential applications in biomedicine and biomimetic catalysis.
Overcoming the Technical Challenges in Al Anode–Based Electrochromic Energy Storage Windows
Authors: Zhang Shengliang , Cao Sheng , Zhang Tianran , Yao Qiaofeng , Lin Haibin , Fisher Adrian , Lee Jim Yang
Published: September 2019

A new variant of electrochromic energy storage (EES) windows is introduced recently by pairing an electrochromic cathode with an Al anode. Electrochromism in this case is driven by the built‐in potential difference and chemical recharging (via oxidation by O2 or H2O2) without the need for an external power source. However, the Al anode–based EES windows are adversely affected by the irreversibility of the Al anode reaction, the inconvenience of chemical recharging, and a short cycle life. An electrically rechargeable alternative based on a prelithiated Al anode and a WO3−x
cathode is presented here, which not only overcomes the operational difficulties of Al anode–based EES windows, but also allows for spectrally selective modulation of visible light and near‐infrared and efficient energy recycling. This dual‐band electrochromic energy storage (DEES) window upon assembly is able to self‐colorize by its high built‐in cell voltage (≈2.59 V) without any energy input, and to recycle a large fraction of the energy consumed in the bleaching operation. The DEES window, with its impressive dual‐band electrochromic performance and low energy consumption in a round‐trip electrochromic operation, can be an energy‐saving technology for buildings.
Sauropod teeth from the Middle Jurassic of Madagascar, and the oldest record of Titanosauriformes
Authors: Bindellini Gabriele , Dal Sasso Cristiano
Published: September 2019

Here we describe 31 fossil teeth, deposited in the palaeontological collections of the Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano (MSNM), that come from the inland portion of the Mahajanga Basin, NW Madagascar, namely from the Sakahara Formation (classically known as Isalo IIIb subunit), which is dated to the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic. Based on detailed morphological characters, the eight morphotypes recognized herein are tentatively referred to four sauropod taxa: Archaeodontosaurus descouensi, ‘Bothriospondylus madagascariensis’, Lapparentosaurus madagascariensis and an indeterminate specialized eusauropod, which may represent a new species and provides the first evidence of a Bathonian diplodocoid in Madagascar. The identification of the teeth is corroborated by comparative examination of morphometric data. We provide evidence that Titanosauriformes were present in the Bathonian, on the basis of seven specimens referable to this clade. We also discuss in detail some dental characters that support the existence of a clear niche partitioning between the abovementioned taxa that co‐existed in the Malagasy Middle Jurassic terrestrial ecosystem. We hypothesize, for the first time, a direct correlation between the pattern drawn on the tooth crown by the enamel wrinkles and the feeding ecology of sauropod dinosaurs. The enamel wrinkles probably played a structural function: coarse wrinkles were associated with a diet composed mainly of hard foodstuff, whereas fainter wrinkles, which appeared in more derived morphologies, were associated with a diet composed of softer foodstuff.
Pharmacological effects of yokukansan on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: Egashira Nobuaki , Iwasaki Katsunori
Published: September 2019

Background

Cognitive dysfunction is often accompanied by behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patients with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of senile dementia. BPSD include agitation, aggression, and hallucinations. BPSD have a serious effect on the quality of life of dementia patients and their caregivers, but effective drug therapy for BPSD has not been identified as yet. Typical and atypical antipsychotics that are used for the treatment of BPSD are known to cause a variety of extrapyramidal adverse events. Yokukansan (YKS, Yi‐gan san in Chinese) is a Japanese traditional herbal (kampo) medicine that is used to alleviate night‐crying and irritation in children, as well as to treat neurosis and insomnia. It is currently also used to treat BPSD.

Methods

In this review, we summarize the pharmacological effects of YKS in the context of BPSD.

Conclusion

YKS is expected to be useful in treating and/or preventing BPSD.
The power to define resilience in social–hydrological systems: Toward a power‐sensitive resilience framework
Authors: Dewulf Art , Karpouzoglou Timos , Warner Jeroen , Wesselink Anna , Mao Feng , Vos Jeroen , Tamas Peter , Groot Annemarie E. , Heijmans Annelies , Ahmed Farhana , Hoang Long , Vij Sumit , Buytaert Wouter
Published: September 2019

Since the early work on defining and analyzing resilience in domains such as engineering, ecology and psychology, the concept has gained significant traction in many fields of research and practice. It has also become a very powerful justification for various policy goals in the water sector, evident in terms like flood resilience, river resilience, and water resilience. At the same time, a substantial body of literature has developed that questions the resilience concept's systems ontology, natural science roots and alleged conservatism, and criticizes resilience thinking for not addressing power issues. In this study, we review these critiques with the aim to develop a framework for power‐sensitive resilience analysis. We build on the three faces of power to conceptualize the power to define resilience. We structure our discussion of the relevant literature into five questions that need to be reflected upon when applying the resilience concept to social–hydrological systems. These questions address: (a) resilience of what, (b) resilience at what scale, (c) resilience to what, (d) resilience for what purpose, and (e) resilience for whom; and the implications of the political choices involved in defining these parameters for resilience building or analysis. Explicitly considering these questions enables making political choices explicit in order to support negotiation or contestation on how resilience is defined and used.

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Water Governance.

Engineering Water > Planning Water.
Droughts in medieval and early modern England, part 1: The evidence
Authors: Pribyl Kathleen , Cornes Richard C.
Published: September 2019

The extreme conditions of the summer season in 2018 in England gave rise to comparisons with earlier drought events. Using the information provided by documentary records, such as chronicles, accounts and diaries, this paper investigates extreme summer droughts in the period 1200–1700, and their impacts under the conditions of natural climate variability and before the provision of modern infrastructure.
Case studies of scalable wildlife conservation in working landscapes
Authors: Riley Steven P. , Abernethy Robert , McKenzie Donald F.
Published: September 2019

Landscape‐scale conservation initiatives have become more common in the past few decades. Many factors led to these increases including a broadening of conservation strategies, technology, and threats to many ecological systems; species’ population declines; and a growing understanding of the need for cooperative conservation. Population and habitat threats and declines often occur on privately owned farms, ranches, and forests, sometimes referred to as ‘working lands,’ which presents a host of challenges and opportunities for conservation. A key challenge of emerging initiatives is funding for conservation. We explore 2 landscape‐scale initiatives that have become loosely linked by the Working Lands for Wildlife partnership. Both have benefited from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) funding that resulted from an agreement between the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and the U.S. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service (USDA 2012). We describe a few national cooperative conservation developments to demonstrate their importance to our 2 case studies and the ecosystem of private lands wildlife conservation. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
On the necessity of incorporating IP Laws into the Civil Law of China and How
Authors: Liu Chuntian , Liu Kung-Chung
Published: September 2019

To codify IP laws into the Civil Law is the way to go for the modernization of the Civil Law in China. China, a mega economy rising swiftly in the last couple of decades and a latecomer to the rule of law, should grasp the moment, ride on the tide of history, surpass its forefathers, break away from the mould and pave the way to modernizing the Civil Law. Furthermore, by codifying IP laws into the Civil Law, China will be laying a solid legal foundation for the long-term strategy of innovation-driven development and for the rule of law in China.
Reminiscing About the Golden Age: An Analysis of Efforts to Revive the Hong Kong Film Industry Through the Lens of Copyright Protection
Authors: Li Yahong , Huang Weijie , Dee Celine Melanie A.
Published: September 2019

The Hong Kong film industry portrayed itself as an international film powerhouse during its golden age. Its light was dimmed on account of the industry’s director-centered production system, prevailing investor pressure, weak infrastructure, political and economic conditions, popularity of foreign films, and rampant piracy. The Hong Kong government established infrastructural solutions and financial remedies to alleviate the industry’s plight. Despite those laudable efforts, success has been limited. The key to restoring the film industry to its former glory lies in reforming the traditional Hong Kong copyright framework, including reconstructing the copyright ownership rule, providing breathing space for secondary creation, and decriminalizing individual, noncommercial online sharing.
Erratum to: 2, 84, 30, 993, 560, 15456, 11962, 261485, …: higher dimension operators in the SM EFT
Authors: Henning Brian , Lu Xiaochuan , Melia Tom , Murayama Hitoshi
Published: September 2019

We fix a typographical error that occurred in copying the output of the Hilbert series of the standard model effective field theory into the unnumbered equation in section 4.2 that counts the number of independent operators as a function of the number of fermion generations, N

f
, split according to baryon violation number.
On Some Regularity Criteria for Axisymmetric Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Rencławowicz Joanna , Zaja̧czkowski Wojciech M.
Published: September 2019

We point out some criteria that imply regularity of axisymmetric solutions to Navier–Stokes equations. We show that boundedness of $$\Vert {v_{r}}/{\sqrt{r^3}}\Vert _{L_2({\mathbb {R}}^3\times (0,T))}$$‖vr/r3‖L2(R3×(0,T)) as well as boundedness of $$\Vert {\omega _{\varphi }}/{\sqrt{r}} \Vert _{L_2({\mathbb {R}}^3\times (0,T))}$$‖ωφ/r‖L2(R3×(0,T)), where $$v_r$$vr is the radial component of velocity and $$\omega _{\varphi }$$ωφ is the angular component of vorticity, imply regularity of weak solutions.
Risk factors for fracture redisplacement after reduction and cast immobilization of displaced distal radius fractures in children: a meta-analysis
Authors: Sengab Alysia , Krijnen Pieta , Schipper Inger Birgitta
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Displaced distal radius fractures in children are common and often reduced if necessary and immobilized in cast. Still, fracture redisplacement frequently occurs. This can be prevented by fixation of fracture fragments with K-wires, but until now, there are no clear guidelines for treatment with primary K-wire fixation. This meta-analysis aimed to identify risk factors for redisplacement after reduction and cast immobilization of displaced distal radius fractures in children, and thereby determine which children will benefit most of primary additional K-wire fixation.

Methods

Eight databases were searched to identify studies and extract data on the incidence of and risk factors for redisplacement of distal radius fractures after initial reduction and cast immobilization in children.

Results

Twelve studies, including 1256 patients, showed that initial complete displacement (odds ratio [OR] 4.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.98–7.39) and presence of a both-bone fracture (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.34–2.85) were independent risk factors for redisplacement. Anatomical reduction reduced the redisplacement risk (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05–0.40). No significant influence on redisplacement risk could be established for female sex, experience level of the attending surgeon, Cast Index < 0.8, Three-Point Index < 0.8 and patient’s age.

Conclusions

For children with a displaced distal radius fracture, the presence of a both-bone fracture, complete displacement of the distal radius and non-anatomical reduction are risk factors for redisplacement after reduction of their initially displaced distal radius fracture. Children with one or more of these risk factors probably benefit most of reduction combined with primary K-wire fixation.
Correction to: Validation of the Aldosteronoma Resolution Score Within Current Clinical Practice
Authors: Vorselaars Wessel M. C. M. , van Beek Dirk‐Jan , Postma Emily L. , Spiering Wilko , Rinkes Inne H. M. Borel , Valk Gerlof D. , Vriens Menno R. ,   International CONNsortium Study Group, Engelsman Anton F. , Nieveen van Dijkum Els J. M.
Published: September 2019

In the original article, two of the International CONNsortium Study Group collaborator's names are spelled wrong: Anton F. Engelsman and Els J.M. Nieveen van Dijkum. The spellings are correct as reflected here.
Outcomes Following Major Oncologic Operations for Non‐AIDS‐Defining Cancers in the HIV Population: A Matched Comparison to the General Population
Authors: Chi Amber , Adams Bryan E. , Sesti Joanna , Paul Subroto , Turner Amber L. , August David , Carpizo Darren , Kennedy Timothy , Grandhi Miral , Alexander H. Richard , Libutti Steven K. , Geffner Stuart , Langan Russell C.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients are living longer due to the availability of antiretroviral therapies, and non‐AIDS‐defining cancers are becoming more prevalent in this patient population. A paucity of data remains on post‐operative outcomes following resection of non‐AIDS‐defining cancers in the HIV population.

Methods

The National Inpatient Sample was utilized to identify patients who underwent surgical resection for malignancy from 2005 to 2015 (HIV, N = 52,742; non‐HIV, N = 11,885,184). Complications were categorized by international classification of disease (ICD)‐9 diagnosis codes. Cohorts were matched on insurance, household income, zip code and urban/rural setting. Logistic regression assessed whether HIV was an independent predictor of post‐operative complications.

Results

Descriptive statistics found HIV patients to have an increased rate of complications following select oncologic surgical resections. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression found HIV to only be an independent predictor of complications following pulmonary lobectomy (p = 0.011; OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.29–6.73). Length of stay was statistically longer following colectomy (2.61 days, 95% CI 1.98–3.44) in those with HIV.

Conclusions

Our findings are hypothesis generating and highlight the potential safety of major cancer surgery in the HIV population. However, care providers need be cognizant of the potential increased risk of post‐operative complications following pulmonary lobectomy and the potential for increased length of stay. These findings are an initial insight into quality of care and outcomes metrics on HIV patients undergoing major cancer operations.
Anti‐Thyroid Antibodies and TSH as Potential Markers of Thyroid Carcinoma and Aggressive Behavior in Patients with Indeterminate Fine‐Needle Aspiration Cytology
Authors: Adhami Mohammadmehdi , Michail Peter , Rao Apoorva , Bhatt Chhavi R. , Grodski Simon , Serpell Jonathan W. , Lee James C.
Published: September 2019

Background

Indeterminate fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) imposes challenges in the management of thyroid nodules. This study aimed to examine whether preoperative anti‐thyroid antibodies (Abs) and TSH are indicators of thyroid malignancy and aggressive behavior in patients with indeterminate FNAC.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of thyroidectomy patients from 2008 to 2016. We analyzed Abs and TSH levels, FNAC, and histopathology. Serum antibody levels were categorized as ‘Undetectable’, ‘In‐range’ if detectable but within normal range, and ‘Elevated’ if above upper limit of normal. ‘Detectable’ levels referred to ‘In‐range’ and ‘Elevated’ combined.

Results

There were 531 patients included. Of 402 patients with preoperative FNAC, 104 (25.9%) had indeterminate cytology (Bethesda III–V). Of these, 39 (37.5%) were malignant and 65 (62.5%) benign on histopathology. In the setting of indeterminate FNAC, an increased risk of malignancy was associated with ‘Elevated’ thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) (OR 7.25, 95% CI 1.13–77.15, P = 0.01) and ‘Elevated’ thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) (OR 6.79, 95% CI 1.23–45.88, P = 0.008). Similarly, while still ‘In‐range’, TSH ≥ 1 mIU/L was associated with an increased risk of malignancy (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.14–9.33, P = 0.01). In all patients with malignancy, the mean tumor size was 8 mm larger in those with TSH ≥ 1 mIU/L (P = 0.03); furthermore, in PTC patients, ‘Detectable’ TgAb conferred a 4 × risk of lymph node metastasis (95% CI 1.03–13.77, P = 0.02).

Conclusion

In this cohort, in indeterminate FNAC patients, Abs and TSH were associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Additionally, TgAb and TSH were potential markers of aggressive biology. As such, they may be diagnostic and prognostic adjuncts.
Deletion of PHO13 improves aerobic l-arabinose fermentation in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ye Suji , Jeong Deokyeol , Shon Jong Cheol , Liu Kwang-Hyeon , Kim Kyoung Heon , Shin Minhye , Kim Soo Rin
Published: September 2019

Pentose sugars are increasingly being used in industrial applications of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although l-arabinose is a highlighted pentose that has been identified as next-generation biomass, arabinose fermentation has not yet undergone extensive development for industrial utilization. In this study, we integrated a heterologous fungal arabinose pathway with a deletion of PHO13 phosphatase gene. PHO13 deletion increased arabinose consumption rate and specific ethanol productivity under aerobic conditions and consequently depleted sedoheptulose by activation of the TAL1 gene. Global metabolite profiling indicated upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway and downstream effects such as trehalose accumulation and downregulation of the TCA cycle. Our results suggest that engineering of PHO13 has ample potential for arabinose conversion to ethanol as an industrial source for biofuels.
A novel in vitro model of metastasis supporting passive shedding hypothesis from murine pancreatic cancer Panc-02
Authors: Krzykawski M. P. , Krzykawska R. , Paw M. , Czyz J. , Marcinkiewicz J.
Published: September 2019

Cancer metastasis is believed to happen through active intravasation but there might be also another way to metastasize. According to passive shedding hypothesis, proposed by Munn et al., tumor cells detach from the tumor mass and passively shed to blood stream through leaky blood vessels. We propose a novel In Vitro Migrational Selection (IVMS) assay that enables the pre-selection of invasive pancreatic cancer Panc-02 cells and create a model of passive shedding. We established invasive sub-cell line of murine pancreatic cancer Panc-02 cells (refered to as Panc02-RS), which exhibited higher metastatic potential in vivo and at the same time decrease in vitro migratory skills, comparing to the initial Panc-02 cell line. In in vitro cell cultures Panc-02 spontaneously detached from the cell culture surface and later reattached and colonized new areas. We believe it can mimic the new way of metastasis, namely passive shedding. We concentrated on Panc-02 model but believe that IVMS might be used to create sub cell lines of many solid tumors to model passive shedding. Our results support the passive shedding hypothesis.
Creating Books in Communities: A Book Making Program with Families in a Remote Community in Western Australia
Authors: Barratt-Pugh Caroline , Haig Yvonne
Published: September 2019

This article describes the needs analysis, implementation and outcomes of a pilot program aimed at creating books with families in ways that represent their language and culture. Creating Books in Communities is part of Better Beginnings, a state-wide program, developed by the State Library of Western Australia, for children and their families, that aims to develop literacy skills through fostering a love of books and language. Literature about the importance of recognising and valuing home languages and culture in supporting early literacy learning and the impact of family literacy programs is explored to provide a background to the program. The process of Creating Books in Communities is described in detail—it involves collaboration between librarians, early childhood partners, and community based artists working with families to produce a high-quality book. The impact of the program is explored through the voices of all the participants, revealing a number of positive family and community outcomes. We conclude the article by identifying six key factors related to the success of the program, which can be used as guidelines for implementation of the program both nationally and internationally.
A Bayesian approach to ecosystem service trade-off analysis utilizing expert knowledge
Authors: Höfer Solveig , Ziemba Alex , El Serafy Ghada
Published: September 2019

The concept of ecosystem services is gaining attention in the context of sustainable resource management. However, it is inherently difficult to account for tangible and intangible services in a combined model. The aim of this study is to extend the definition of ecosystem service trade-offs by using Bayesian Networks to capture the relationship between tangible and intangible ecosystem services. Tested is the potential of creating such a network based on existing literature and enhancement via expert elicitation. This study discusses the significance of expert elicitation to enhance the value of a Bayesian Network in data-restricted case studies, underlines the importance of inclusion of experts’ certainty, and demonstrates how multiple sources of knowledge can be combined into one model accounting for both tangible and intangible ecosystem services. Bayesian Networks appear to be a promising tool in this context, nevertheless, this approach is still in need of further refinement in structure and applicable guidelines for expert involvement and elicitation for a more unified methodology.