bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AÇÃO EMPREENDEDORA NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DE MARCA: ESTUDO DE CASO NO SETOR BEACHWEAR / Entrepreneurial action on brand identity building: a case study in beachwear industry
Authors: Leão André Luiz Maranhão de Souza , Franco Suélen Matozo , Costa Flávia Zimmerle da Nóbrega , Oliveira Henrique Cassiano Nascimento de
Published: August 2015

Cada vez mais as empresas têm reconhecido a função simbólica das marcas e realizado um trabalho de gestão para manter a imagem destas em consonância com seus propósitos. A abordagem convencional de gestão de marcas segue uma linha gerencial, mas podemos observar diversas marcas bem-sucedidas que não adotaram essa abordagem. Assim, atemo-nos à busca de compreensão do que denominamos construção empreendedora de marcas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar como o empreendedor desenvolve a identidade de uma marca por meio de uma ação empreendedora. Para tal, debruçamo-nos sobre a Movimento, uma marca de beachwear representativa do fenômeno descrito. Dessa forma, a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa norteou a presente investigação: como a identidade da marca Movimento foi desenvolvida por meio de uma ação empreendedora? O método adotado foi o dos estudos biográficos, tendo sido usada a narratologia<a title="" href="file://srvarq/homeuser/debora.pereira/G_Editora/Publica%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20Editora/4.%20Peri%C3%B3dicos/Race/Race,%20v.%2014,%20n.%201,%202015/Revisados%202/A%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20empreendedora%20na%20constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o.doc#_ftn1">[1] como procedimento analítico, uma vez que esta permite se investigar a ação, o contexto e o autor do fenômeno empreendedor, bem como compreender como esses aspectos se entrelaçam na construção empreendedora de uma marca. Assim, desvela-se uma construção de identidade de marca distinta das ferramentas gerenciais tradicionais, mas pautadas por uma estratégia emergente. Nossos achados apontam a inovação como principal meio de aproveitar oportunidades e sobreviver às adversidades, a prevalência da intuição sobre planejamentos formais e uma tendência da fundadora à centralização, traços que vão ao encontro do que a literatura indica como características do marketing empreendedor.

Palavras-chave: Marketing. Marketing empreendedor. Gestão de marcas. Identidade de marca. Ação empreendedora.

 
Enhancing Educational Opportunities with Computer-Mediated Assessment Feedback
Authors: Tuffley David , Antonio Amy
Published: August 2015

As internet technologies make their way into developing areas, so too does the possibility of education and training being delivered to the people living in those previously unserved areas. The growing catalogue of free, high quality courseware, when combined with the newly acquired means of delivery, creates the potential for millions of people in the developing world to acquire a good education. Yet a good education obviously requires more than simply delivering information; students must also receive high quality feedback on their assessments. They must be told how their performance compares with the ideal, and be shown how to close the gap between the two. However, delivering high quality feedback is labor-intensive, and therefore expensive, and has long been recognized as a problematic issue by educators. This paper outlines a case study that uses a Learning Management System (LMS) to efficiently deliver detailed feedback that is informed by the principles of best practice. We make the case that the efficiencies of this method allow for large-scale courses with thousands of enrolments that are accessible to developing and developed areas alike. We explore the question; is computer-mediated feedback delivery efficient and effective and might it be applied to large-scale courses at low-cost?
New Immunosuppressive Therapies in Uveitis Treatment
Authors: Mérida Salvador , Palacios Elena , Navea Amparo , Bosch-Morell Francisco
Published: August 2015

Uveitis is an inflammatory process that initially starts in the uvea, but can also affect other adjacent eye structures, and is currently the fourth cause of blindness in developed countries. Corticoids are probably the most widespread treatment, but resorting to other immunosuppressive treatments is a frequent practice. Since the implication of different cytokines in uveitis has been well demonstrated, the majority of recent treatments for this disease include inhibitors or antibodies against these. Nevertheless, adequate treatment for each uveitis type entails a difficult therapeutic decision as no clear recommendations are found in the literature, despite the few protocolized clinical assays and many case-control studies done. This review aims to present, in order, the mechanisms and main indications of the most modern immunosuppressive drugs against cytokines.
Quantitative Analysis to the Impacts of IMU Quality in GPS/INS Deep Integration
Authors: Niu Xiaoji , Ban Yalong , Zhang Quan , Zhang Tisheng , Zhang Hongping , Liu Jingnan
Published: August 2015

In the Global Positioning System (GPS)/Inertial Navigation System (INS) deep integration system, the pure negative effect of the INS aiding is mainly the INS navigation error that is independent with the motion dynamics, which determine whether the INS aiding is worthy. This paper quantitatively assesses the negative effects of the inertial aiding information from different grades of INS by modeling the phase-locked loops (PLLs) based on the scalar-based GPS/INS deep integration system under stationary conditions. Results show that the largest maneuver-independent velocity error caused by the error sources of micro-electro-mechanical System (MEMS) inertial measurement unit (IMU) is less than 0.1 m/s, and less than 0.05 m/s for the case of tactical IMU during the typical GPS update interval (i.e., 1 s). The consequent carrier phase tracking error in the typical tracking loop is below 1.2 degrees for MEMS IMU case and 0.8 degrees for the tactical IMU case, which are much less than the receiver inherent errors. Conclusions can be reached that even the low-end MEMS IMU has the ability of aiding the receiver signal tracking. The tactical grade IMU can provide higher quality aiding information and has potential for the open loop tracking of GPS.
"Almost" and Its Kin, Across Categories
Authors: Morzycki Marcin
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Embedded Quantifiers in 'Which'- and 'Whether'-Questions
Authors: Sharvit Yael
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Bare NPs: Kind-referring, Indefinites, Both, or Neither?
Authors: Krifka Manfred
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Sloppy Identity, Binding, and Centering
Authors: Hardt Daniel
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
On Comparative Quantification in the Verbal Domain
Authors: Nakanishi Kimiko
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Conditionalized Imperatives
Authors: Schwager Magdalena
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
(Non)maximality and Distributivity: A Decision Theory Approach
Authors: Malamud Sophia A.
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
The Anaphoric Theory of Tense
Authors: Higginbotham James
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Formal Alternatives as a Solution to the Proviso Problem
Authors: Singh Raj
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Non-existential indefinites and semantic incorporation of PP complements
Authors: Mador-Haim Sela , Winter Yoad
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Indeterminate NPIs and Scope
Authors: Shimoyama Junko
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
The Puzzle of quasi prima 'almost before' and quasi dopo 'almost after'
Authors: Amaral Patricia , Del Prete Fabio
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
A Unified Analysis of Conditional Imperatives
Authors: Kaufmann Stefan , Schwager Magdalena
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Another argument for embedded scalar implicatures based on oddness in downward entailing contexts
Authors: Magri Giorgio
Published: August 2015

In Magri (2009), I argue that a sentence such as 'Some Italians come from a warm country' sounds odd because it triggers the scalar implicature that not all Italians come from a warm country, which mismatches with the common knowledge that all Italians come from the same country. If this proposal is on the right track, then oddness can be used as a diagnostic for scalar implicatures. In this paper, I use this diagnostic to provide one more argument that scalar implicatures are computed not only at the matrix level but also in embedded position. The argument is based on a puzzling pattern of oddness in downward entailing contexts.
Principles of interdimensional meaning interaction
Authors: Barker Chris , Bernardi Raffaella , Shan Chung-chieh
Published: August 2015

Expressions that contribute side issues, including at least expressives, supplements, and epithets, take scope only at the level of a complete utterance. Kubota and Uegaki 2009 give a compositional semantics for side-issues, but do not explain why at-issue content never interacts with side issues. We draw an analogy with indexicals, which also depend on context but typically do not interact with surrounding semantic material. As with indexicals, side-issue content motivates staged interpretation: an at-issue stage, and a context update stage. We show how the undelimited continuations provided by Bernardi and Moortgat's 2010 Lambek Grishin calculus can provide a principled way to regulate interdimensional interaction.
Expressing Indifference: Spanish Un NP Cualquiera
Authors: Alonso-Ovalle Luis , Menendez-Benito Paula
Published: August 2015

Across languages, we find indefinites that trigger modal inferences. Some of these indefinites, like Spanish "un NP cualquiera" or the Korean "-na" indeterminates (Choi 2007) convey indifference on the part of an agent. In this paper, we assess whether a number of proposals on the market can be extended to account for the indifference component of un NP cualquiera.
How to get "even" with desires
Authors: Crnic Luka
Published: August 2015

The scalar particle even imposes a constraint on the likelihood of its prejacent and the alternatives on which it operates. This semantic import of even restricts its distribution: even that associates with a weak predicate in its immediate surface scope – weak even, for short – is acceptable only if it is appropriately embedded (cf. Lahiri 1998). This paper investigates the occurrence of weak even in three modal environments – under non-factive and factive desire predicates and in imperatives. The structure of the paper is the following: Section 1 describes an approach to even according to which even may move at LF (Karttunen & Peters 1979, Lahiri 1998 and others). A prediction of the approach is that weak even is licit only if it is embedded under a non-upward-entailing operator. Section 2 presents an apparent puzzle for the approach: weak even may occur in non-negative desire statements and in imperatives, i.e. in environments that appear to be upward-entailing. Section 3 discusses two strategies for dealing with these facts: according to the first strategy, desire predicates and the imperative operator are non-monotone (e.g. Heim 1992); according to the second strategy, they are upward-entailing (e.g. von Fintel 1999) and weak even is rescued by covert exhaustification. Section 4 concludes the paper by discussing the licensing of certain negative polarity items in these environments.
Instrumental with and use: modality and implicature
Authors: Rissman Lilia
Published: August 2015

I present an analysis of the instrumental elements with and use, as in Betty cut the cake with a knife. A variety of evidence indicates that with and use do not make the same semantic contribution, casting doubt on the theory that these elements introduce the thematic role Instrument. For use, I adopt the analysis in Rissman (to appear): use expresses modal, goal-related content. For with, a modal reading may be implicated but is not entailed, explaining a variety of contrasts between with and use. The implications of this analysis for a theory of thematic roles is discussed.
On the roads to de se
Authors: Maier Emar
Published: August 2015

It is rather uncontroversial that there are different ways to report de se attitudes, but there is still disagreement about the number and the nature of the different mechanisms at work. Following Anand (2006), I distinguish three types of de se reporting: one a special case of de re, another expressed by shifted indexicals, and a third expressed by dedicated de se pronouns. For the first two I propose reductions to de re and de dicto reporting, respectively, couched in a dynamic framework where presupposition resolution takes center stage. For the third, I part ways with all current proposals in offering what is essentially a de re analysis of dedicated de se pronouns. I motivate this radical departure with examples of de se pronouns binding de re reflexives, as recently brought into the spotlights by Charlow (2010) and Sharvit (2010).
Pluractional Distributivity and Dependence
Authors: Henderson Robert
Published: August 2015

This paper builds an account of a new scope puzzle that arises through the interaction of two lesser-studied constructions, dependent indefinites and verbal pluractionality. The result is a new account of dependent indefinites that correctly predicts their grammaticality with pluractionals by recognizing two ways of establishing the co- variation they require: (i) true distributive quantifiers, and (ii) pluractional operators that structure thematic dependencies. The core insight is that both routes, while compositionally different, lead to similar output structures, which is what dependent indefinites constrain. Along the way we produce the first detailed description and analysis of these phenomena in Kaqchikel (Mayan).
'So' as a weak degree expression
Authors: Castroviejo-Miro Elena
Published: August 2015

This paper aims to answer three questions about the degree expression 'so' in English: (i) what semantics does it contribute? (I.e., in what ways is 'so' different from 'enough'?) (ii) how can we explain its restricted distribution? And (iii) how does the that-clause compose with 'so'? I point out that equating 'enough' and 'so' (as has been done in the literature) is problematic, and I propose that a new approach that establishes an analogy between"so" and weak pronouns can yield satisfactory answers to questions (i)--(iii). In a nutshell, I argue that there are two 'so's: a strong (deictic) one and a weak (anaphoric) one. I concentrate on weak 'so' and show that its limited distribution has to do with the informational properties of weak items more generally. I further claim that its accompanying that-clause is not a complement of 'so', but rather an adjoined sentence that provides a bona fide focus to the sentence.
No need for a dedicated theory of the distribution of readings of English bare plurals
Authors: Magri Giorgio
Published: August 2015

This paper explores the idea that English bare plurals (BPs) uniformly have a plain existential semantics. And that their generic/universal reading arises through a mechanism of exhaustification modeled on Spector (2007), whereby the BP 'firemen' triggers the implicature ''not-only-some'' that the implicature ''only-some'' triggered by the corresponding indefinite 'some firemen' is false. The distribution of existential and generic readings of English BPs is thus completely determined by the availability of the 'only-some' implicature of the corresponding indefinite, without any need for a dedicated theory of the distribution of readings of BPs.
A multistratal account of the projective Tagalog evidential ‘daw’
Authors: Kierstead Gregory , Martin Scott
Published: August 2015

We present original fieldwork data as evidence that the Tagalog reportative evidential daw projects, like e.g. presuppositions and conventional implicatures (CIs), in the sense that daw can carry an implication that is immune to entailment-modifying operators. Previous work has purported that evidentials in other languages can project, but after examining these claims, we argue that the data we give for daw constitute the first evidence of a projective evidential. We then give a formally explicit account of daw in a multistratal semantics that is both dynamic and compositional. This semantics is general enough to also capture the behavior of English CIs, but avoids a well-known flaw in a previous theory of CIs due to Potts.
Degrees and segments
Authors: Schwarzschild Roger
Published: August 2015

I make two related proposals, one about directed scale segments and the other about the nature of degrees. Bale (2007, 2011) argued that degrees should be analyzed as sets of individuals and that degree arguments are created in the syntax from relational predicates. Schwarz (2010) showed that Bale’s construction runs into problems when the required degree relation is complex, denoted by an LF constituent that contains more than just a gradable adjective. I modify Bale’s proposal so that it overcomes Schwarz’s objection. But first I propose a semantics for comparatives based on quantification over directed scale segments, triples consisting of two degrees and a measure function. The modification of Bale’s proposal depends upon this. Segments are of independent interest as they permit a conjunctive semantics for extended adjectival phrases, the way events do for verb phrases. Potential benefits of ‘degree-conjunctivism’ are explored.
Reflexive anaphors and association with focus
Authors: Spathas Giorgos
Published: August 2015

This paper investigates the behavior of the reflexive anaphor herself in English in conditions of narrow focus and argues in favor of (i) a theory of focus that is based around the notion of Current Question, and (ii) a theory of association with focus that assumes that some, but not all, focus associating operators exhibit conventional association; i.e. some, but not all, focus associating operators have lexical semantics that directly encode association with focus. The argument is based on the independently motivated observation that there exist asymmetries with regard to disjoint reference effects between subject and object wh-questions.
Two kinds of focus constructions in K’iche’
Authors: Yasavul Murat
Published: August 2015

Based on original fieldwork data, I argue for a difference in meaning between two focus constructions in K’iche’ (Mayan). In particular, I show that the interpretation of focus constructions with aree ‘FOC’ gives rise to existence and exhaustivity implications (the latter when they are used as answers), both of which do not necessarily arise from the interpretation of focus constructions without aree. I discuss how to analyze these implications and review previous approaches to similar phenomena. I also develop a dynamic account that captures the empirical generalizations I propose.
Unrestrained beta reduction
Authors: Klein Udo , Sternefeld Wolfgang
Published: August 2015

A major argument for syntactic reconstruction is based on the well-known fact that semantic reconstruction by beta-reduction is possible only if the term to be substituted for a variable does not contain any variable that would become bound as a result of substitution. This way, we derive a theoretical argument for syntactic reconstruction. However, syntactic reconstruction is not without its problems, simply because the surface form and the reconstructed form may still differ with respect to other syntactic, semantic, and information theoretic properties. This is particularly troublesome for minimalist theories which do not allow for multiple levels of representation. In this paper we propose a technique that might help to overcome these difficulties (ie. the limitation imposed by beta-reduction on semantic reconstruction) by defining a translation function T for expressions of a predicate logic L0 with lambda-abstraction into expressions of a higher-order language L1, with the desirable property that the translation of a formula in L0 is equivalent with the translation of its unrestricted reduction. In linguistic applications this will facilitate the binding of a pronoun without presupposing c-command. We will sketch a formal proof showing that unrestricted beta-reduction is a property of the target expressions in L1, the translations of L0 under T.
Long Distance Selective Binding: The Case of Focus
Authors: Wold Dag E.
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Pragmatic Strengthening in Plural Predications and Donkey Sentences
Authors: Krifka Manfred
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
A Somewhat More Definite Article
Authors: Percus Orin
Published: August 2015

No abstract.
Effects of synbiotic on anthropometry, lipid profile and oxidative stress in obese children
Authors: Ipar N. , Aydogdu S. Durmus , Yildirim G. Kilic , Inal M. , Gies I. , Vandenplas Y. , Dinleyici E.C.
Published: August 2015

Recent studies have suggested some beneficial effects of probiotics and/or prebiotics on obesity in adults; such experience is limited in children and adolescents. This study was an open-label, randomised, controlled study including children with primary obesity. The first group was treated with a standard method with a reduced calorie intake and increased physical activity. The second group received add-on daily synbiotic supplementation during one month. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential effects of a synbiotic on anthropometric measurements, lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters. One month of supplementation of the synbiotic resulted in a significant reduction of weight (P<0.001) and body mass index (P<0.01). Changes (% reduction comparing to baseline) in anthropometric measurements, were significantly higher in the children receiving the additional synbiotic supplement (P<0.05). The percentage of children with weight loss was higher in the synbiotic group, but not statistically significant (71.4 vs 64.2%, P>0.05). At the 30th day of synbiotic intervention, serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total oxidative stress levels significantly declined (P<0.05). Changes in serum lipid levels were significantly higher in the synbiotic group (P<0.05). Changes in serum total oxidative stress levels before and after the intervention period, were significant in synbiotic group (P<0.01). In our study, changes in weight, body mass index, and triceps skinfold thickness were higher in the group receiving the one month synbiotic supplement thin in the standard method group. The supplement tested also had a beneficial effect on lipid profile and total oxidative stress. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing the effects of synbiotics on oxidative stress in obese patients with an additional effect on weight loss regarding to previous studies.
Application of the 15N-Gas Flux method for measuring in situ N2 and N2O fluxes due to denitrification in natural and semi-natural terrestrial ecosystems and comparison with the acetylene inhibition technique
Authors: Sgouridis F. , Ullah S. , Stott A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Soil denitrification is considered the most un-constrained process in the global N cycle due to uncertain in situ N2 flux measurements, particularly in natural and semi-natural terrestrial ecosystems. 15N tracer approaches can provide in situ measurements of both N2 and N2O simultaneously, but their use has been limited to fertilised agro-ecosystems due to the need for large 15N additions in order to detect 15N2 production against the high atmospheric N2. For 15N-N2 analyses, we have used an "in house" laboratory designed and manufactured N2 preparation instrument which can be interfaced to any commercial continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (CF-IRMS). The N2 prep unit has gas purification steps, a copper based reduction furnace, and allows the analysis of small gas injection volumes (4 μL) for 15N-N2 analysis. For the analysis of N2O, an automated Tracegas Pre-concentrator (Isoprime Ltd) coupled to an IRMS was used to measure the 15N-N2O (4 mL gas injection volume). Consequently, the coefficient of variation for the determination of isotope ratios for N2 in air and in standard N2O (0.5 ppm) was better than 0.5 %. The 15N Gas-Flux method was adapted for application in natural and semi-natural land use types (peatlands, forests and grasslands) by lowering the 15N tracer application rate to 0.04–0.5 kg 15N ha−1. For our chamber design (volume / surface = 8:1) and a 20 h incubation period, the minimum detectable flux rates were 4 μg N m−2 h−1 and 0.2 ng N m−2 h−1 for the N2 and N2O fluxes respectively. The N2 flux ranged between 2.4 and 416.6 μg N m−2 h−1, and the grassland soils showed on average 3 and 14 times higher denitrification rates than the woodland and organic soils respectively. The N2O flux was on average 20 to 200 times lower than the N2 flux, while the denitrification product ratio (N2O/N2 + N2O) was low, ranging between 0.03 and 13 %. Total denitrification rates measured by the acetylene inhibition technique under the same field conditions correlated (r = 0.58) with the denitrification rates measured under the 15N Gas-Flux method but were underestimated by a factor of 4 and this was attributed to the incomplete inhibition of N2O reduction to N2 under relatively high soil moisture content. The results show that the 15N Gas-Flux method can be used for quantifying N2 and N2O production rates in natural terrestrial ecosystems, thus significantly improving our ability to constrain ecosystem N budgets.
Hydroclimatic variability in the Levant during the early last glacial (∼ 117–75 ka) derived from micro-facies analyses of deep Dead Sea sediments
Authors: Neugebauer I. , Schwab M. J. , Waldmann N. D. , Tjallingii R. , Frank U. , Hadzhiivanova E. , Naumann R. , Taha N. , Agnon A. , Enzel Y. , Brauer A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The new sediment record from the deep Dead Sea basin (ICDP core 5017-1) provides a unique archive for hydroclimatic variability in the Levant. Here, we present high-resolution sediment facies analysis and elemental composition by μXRF scanning of core 5017-1 to trace lake levels and responses of the regional hydroclimatology during the time interval from ca 117–75 ka, i.e. the transition between the last interglacial and the onset of the last glaciation. We distinguished six major micro-facies types and interpreted these and their alterations in the core in terms of relative lake level changes. The two end-member facies for highest and lowest lake levels are (a) up to several meters thick, greenish sediments of alternating aragonite and detrital marl laminae (aad) and (b) thick halite facies, respectively. Intermediate lake levels are characterised by detrital marls with varying amounts of aragonite, gypsum or halite, reflecting lower-amplitude, shorter-term variability. Two intervals of pronounced lake level drops occurred at ∼110–108 ± 5 and ∼93–87 ± 7 ka. They likely coincide with stadial conditions in the central Mediterranean (Melisey I and II pollen zones in Monticchio) and low global sea levels during MIS 5d and 5b. However, our data do not support the current hypothesis of an almost complete desiccation of the Dead Sea during the earlier of these lake level low stands based on a recovered gravel layer. Based on new petrographic analyses, we propose that, although it was a low stand, this well-sorted gravel layer may be a vestige of a thick turbidite that has been washed out during drilling rather than an in-situ beach deposit. Two intervals of higher lake stands at ∼108–93 ± 6 and ∼87–75 ± 7 ka correspond to interstadial conditions in the central Mediterranean, i.e. pollen zones St. Germain I and II in Monticchio, and GI 24 + 23 and 21 in Greenland, as well as to sapropels S4 and S3 in the Mediterranean Sea. These apparent correlations suggest a close link of the climate in the Levant to North Atlantic and Mediterranean climates during the time of the build-up of Northern Hemisphere ice shields in the early last glacial period.
An ice sheet model of reduced complexity for paleoclimate studies
Authors: Neff B. , Born A. , Stocker T. F.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. IceBern2D is a vertically integrated ice sheet model to investigate the ice distribution on long timescales under different climatic conditions. It is forced by simulated fields of surface temperature and precipitation of the last glacial maximum and present day climate from a comprehensive climate model. This constant forcing is adjusted to changes in ice elevation. Bedrock sinking and sea level are a function of ice volume. Due to its reduced complexity and computational efficiency, the model is well-suited for extensive sensitivity studies and ensemble simulations on extensive temporal and spatial scales. It shows good quantitative agreement with standardized benchmarks on an artificial domain (EISMINT). Present day and last glacial maximum ice distributions on the Northern Hemisphere are also simulated with good agreement. Glacial ice volume in Eurasia is underestimated due to the lack of ice shelves in our model. The efficiency of the model is utilized by running an ensemble of 400 simulations with perturbed model parameters and two different estimates of the climate at the last glacial maximum. The sensitivity to the imposed climate boundary conditions and the positive degree day factor β, i.e., the surface mass balance, outweighs the influence of parameters that disturb the flow of ice. This justifies the use of simplified dynamics as a means to achieve computational efficiency for simulations that cover several glacial cycles. The sensitivity of the model to changes in surface temperature is illustrated as a hysteresis based on 5 million year long simulations.
Initial Performance of IPOs and the Bankruptcy Risk: A Comparison of Internet Firms and the Traditional Firms
Authors: Nguyen Quang My Nguyen , S. Kim Peter , Sayim Mustafa
Published: August 2015

This study examines whether Internet Firms’ IPOs have more of a tendency to fail than Traditional Firms’ IPOs. IPO issue has long been known as an interesting yet complicated topic to explore. There are heated debates on whether Internet Firm IPOs outperform or underperform Traditional Firm IPOs. In other words, whether investment risks associated with Internet Firms are different than Traditional Firms? Should investment decision-making process be different for Internet Firms than Traditional Firms? In this study, Internet Firms are defined as companies that are providing goods and services through Internet. Furthermore, all other types of companies are considered as Traditional Firms. The Z-score formula for predicting bankruptcy of Altman (1968) was utilized. Then the two-way factorial ANOVA was conducted with the type I error as 0.05 to test the Z-Score across 12 quarters from January 2012 to December 2014. The findings revealed that both Internet Firms and Traditional Firms generally had similar risks as no one type of firms showed significantly higher risks than the other.
Differences in Blood and Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Primiparous and Multiparous Mediterranean Buffaloes Cows During Transition Period and Early Lactation
Authors: Verdurico Lenita Camargo , Gandra Jefferson Rodrigues , Takiya Caio Seiti , Junior Jose Esler de Freitas , Barletta Rafael Villela , Gardinal Rodrigo , Calomeni Gustavo Delfino , Gomes de Paiva Pablo , Rennó Francisco Palma
Published: August 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the differences in blood and fatty acid (FA) profile between primiparous and multiparous Mediterranean buffaloes cows from 28 days of expected calving date until 56 days in milk. Nine multiparous (MUL) and 7 primiparous (PRI) cows were used in the present study, animals grazed in Brachiaria decumbens and supplemented with 2.0 kg of concentrate/day. Blood and milk samples were collected once a week and data were submitted to repeated measures analysis using PROC MIXED of SAS. Multiparous cows presented higher concentrations of glucose and non-esterified FA during pre- and post-partum period, higher cholesterol during post-partum when compared to PRI. Milk yield and fat content were higher for MUL (6.44 kg/d and 7.89%) when compared to PRI (5.66 kg/d and 6.75%). Palmitic and palmitoleic FA were lower and C18:0, C18:1 trans-11 and C18:1 cis-9 FAwere higher in MUL cows. Multiparous buffalo cows demonstrated higher milk yield and fat content than PRI, and milk FA profile of MUL had higher amounts of C18:0 FA. Multiparous buffalos presented higher non-esterified fatty acid, which altered milk fat content, and higher milk yield than primiparous cows. Furthermore, multiparous cows presented a higher content of FA from incomplete biohydrogenation process.
Strategies for Effective Management of Intellectually Disabled Patients on the Psychiatric Inpatient Unit
Authors: Gonzalez Luisa , Nwugbana Ifeoma , Patel Rahulkumar , Lombardo Marissa , Korenis Panagiota
Published: August 2015

The management of aggressive behavior remains a fundamental challenge when working on a psychiatric inpatient service. The task becomes far more daunting when the patient presents not only with mental illness but also has an intellectual disability (ID) or impulse control disorder (IC). Intellectual Disability is defined as “the impairment of general mental abilities that impact adaptive functioning in three domains: conceptual, social and practical.” Impulse control disorder, is defined as “a psychiatric disorder characterized by impulsivity- the failure to resist a temptation, urge or impulse that may harm oneself or others” [1]. Those with ID and or IC may present with varying degrees of impairment and social functioning. Numerous studies have identified an association with ID and psychiatric co-morbidities including: bipolar disorder, impulse control disorder, psychosis and depression. Due to budgetary cuts and the precipitous decline in available residential placements, inpatient psychiatric services are faced with the dilemma of managing these exceptionally complicated patients. While numerous studies have examined the utility of psychotropic medication to aid in the management of these patients, convincing evidence concerning the use of psychiatric medication in the management of this patient population remains elusive [2]. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the treatment strategies available to the multidisciplinary team on the inpatient service. Ultimately, future investigations will be necessary to better understand how to optimize the inpatient management of this complex patient population.
Conductivities consistent with Birkeland currents in the AMPERE‐driven TIE‐GCM
Authors: Marsal S.
Published: August 2015

The Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) satellite mission has offered for the first time global snapshots of the geomagnetic field‐aligned currents with unprecedented space and time resolution, thus providing an opportunity to feed an acknowledged first‐principles model of the Earth's upper atmosphere such as the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (NCAR TIE‐GCM). In the first step, Marsal et al. (2012) used AMPERE data in the current continuity equation between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere to drive the TIE‐GCM electrodynamics. In the present work, ionospheric conductivities have been made consistent with enhanced upward field‐aligned currents, which are assumed to correspond to electrons plunging as a result of downward acceleration by electric fields built up along the geomagnetic field lines. The resulting conductance distribution is reasonably commensurate with an independent model that has tried to quantify the ionizing effect of precipitating particles onto the auroral ionosphere. On the other hand, comparison of geomagnetic observatory data with the ground magnetic variations output by the model only shows a modest improvement with respect to our previous approach.
Remote Steering of Self‐Propelling Microcircuits by Modulated Electric Field
Authors: Sharma Rachita , Velev Orlin D.
Published: August 2015

The principles and design of “active” self‐propelling particles that can convert energy, move directionally on their own, and perform a certain function is an emerging multidisciplinary research field, with high potential for future technologies. A simple and effective technique is presented for on‐demand steering of self‐propelling microdiodes that move electroosmotically on water surface, while supplied with energy by an external alternating (AC) field. It is demonstrated how one can control remotely the direction of diode locomotion by electronically modifying the applied AC signal. The swimming diodes change their direction of motion when a wave asymmetry (equivalent to a DC offset) is introduced into the signal. The data analysis shows that the ability to control and reverse the direction of motion is a result of the electrostatic torque between the asymmetrically polarized diodes and the ionic charges redistributed in the vessel. This novel principle of electrical signal‐coded steering of active functional devices, such as diodes and microcircuits, can find applications in motile sensors, MEMs, and microrobotics.
Solar Water Splitting by TiO2/CdS/Co–Pi Nanowire Array Photoanode Enhanced with Co–Pi as Hole Transfer Relay and CdS as Light Absorber
Authors: Ai Guanjie , Li Hongxing , Liu Shaopei , Mo Rong , Zhong Jianxin
Published: August 2015

The cobalt phosphate water oxidation catalyst (Co–Pi WOC) stabilized, CdS sensitized TiO2 nanowire arrays for nonsacrificial solar water splitting are reported. In this TiO2/CdS/Co–Pi photoanode, the Co–Pi WOC acts as hole transfer relay to accelerate the surface water oxidation reaction, CdS serves as light absorber for wider solar spectra harvesting, and TiO2 matrix provides direct pathway for electron transport. This triple TiO2/CdS/Co–Pi hybrid photoanode exhibits much enhanced photocurrent density and negatively shifts in onset potential, resulting in 1.5 and 3.4 times improved photoconversion efficiency compared to the TiO2/CdS and TiO2 photoanode, respectively. More importantly, the TiO2/CdS/Co–Pi shows significantly improved photoelectrochemical stability compared to the TiO2/CdS electrode, with ≈72% of the initial photocurrent retained after 2 h irradiation. The reason for the promoted performance is discussed in detail based on electrochemical measurements. This work provides a new paradigm for designing 1D nanoframework/light absorber/WOC photoanode to simultaneously enhance light absorption, charge separation, and transport and surface water oxidation reaction for efficient and stable solar fuel production.
Advances and Prospects for Whispering Gallery Mode Microcavities
Authors: Yang Shancheng , Wang Yue , Sun Handong
Published: August 2015

Microlasers have experienced tremendous development in the past decade and become an essential part in laser evolution, as miniature lasers provide strong optical confinement and feature greatly enhanced light–matter interactions. Among all the configurations, whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities and microlasers exhibit outstanding optical performances with high quality factors and small mode volumes, thus ensuring low lasing thresholds. In addition, some unique properties inherent to WGM cavities, like bi‐directional propagation and an evanescent field that spans several hundred nanometers across the boundary, can be exploited for novel applications. Therefore, designing and engineering innovative WGM microcavities and microlasers has attracted increasing research interest. The fundamentals and characteristics of WGM are introduced here, and then the developments and current status of WGM microcavities and microlasers are reviewed in terms of the evolution of fabrication techniques and built‐up materials. In particular, the melting of glassy materials in early studies, top‐down and bottom‐up approaches with semiconductors, coating structures, as well as flexible, soft microresonators in recent years are presented. Finally, the application prospects of microlasers including the wavelength manipulation, sensing and microresonator coupling, are discussed.
Prospective study of circulating factor XI and incident venous thromboembolism: The Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE)
Authors: Folsom Aaron R. , Tang Weihong , Roetker Nicholas S. , Heckbert Susan R. , Cushman Mary , Pankow James S.
Published: August 2015

Elevated plasma concentrations of coagulation factor XI may increase risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but prospective data are limited. We studied prospectively the associations of plasma factor XI and a key F11 genetic variant with incident VTE in whites and African‐Americans. We measured factor XI in 16,299 participants, initially free of VTE, in two prospective population cohorts. We also measured the F11 single nucleotide polymorphism rs4241824, which a genome‐wide association study had linked to factor XI concentration. During follow‐up, we identified 606 VTEs. The age, race, sex, and study‐adjusted hazard ratio of VTE increased across factor XI quintiles (P < 0.001 for trend), and the hazard ratio was 1.51 (95% CI 1.16, 1.97) for the highest versus lowest quintile overall, and was 1.42 (95% CI 1.03, 1.95) in whites and 1.72 (95% CI 1.08, 2.73) in African‐Americans. In whites, the F11 variant was associated with both factor XI concentration and VTE incidence (1.15‐fold greater incidence of VTE per risk allele). In African‐Americans, these associations were absent. In conclusion, this cohort study documented that an elevated plasma factor XI concentration is a risk factor for VTE over extended follow‐up, not only in whites but also in African‐Americans. In whites, the association of the F11 genetic variant with VTE suggests a causal relation, but we did not observe this genetic relation in African‐Americans. Am. J. Hematol. 90:1047–1051, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imidazolin‐2‐ylidenaminophosphane als sehr elektronenreiche Liganden für Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren
Authors: Wünsche Marius A. , Mehlmann Paul , Witteler Tim , Buß Florenz , Rathmann Patrick , Dielmann Fabian
Published: August 2015

Eine Vielzahl chemischer Umwandlungen, bei denen elektronenreiche Metallzentren benötigt werden, profitiert vom Einsatz stark elektronendonierender Hilfsliganden wie Alkylphosphane oder N‐heterocyclische Carbene. Hier beschreiben wir einen einfachen und praktikablen Zugang zu ein‐ und zweizähnigen Imidazolin‐2‐ylidenamino‐substituierten Phosphanen. Die Evaluierung der elektronischen Eigenschaften belegt, dass durch den formalen Austausch von Alkyl‐ oder Arylgruppen gegen Imidazolin‐2‐ylidenamino‐Gruppen die Donorstärke dieser Phosphane weit über die der Alkylphosphane und sogar N‐heterocyclischer Carbene erhöht werden kann. Palladium(II)‐Komplexe dieser Phosphanliganden wurden synthetisiert, und der Einfluss des neuen Substitutionsmusters in palladiumkatalysierten Suzuki‐Miyaura‐Kreuzkupplungen von nichtaktivierten Arylchloriden wurde untersucht.
Photo‐curing behaviors of bio‐based isosorbide dimethacrylate by irradiation of light‐emitting diodes and the physical properties of its photo‐cured materials
Authors: Kim Sunhee , Cho Jin Ku , Shin Seunghan , Kim Baek-Jin
Published: August 2015

Bio‐based isosorbide (1,4:3,6‐dianhydroglucitol), which was obtained from biomass‐derived carbohydrates, has recently attracted much attention as an alternative to bisphenol A (BPA) because of its rigidity and transparency. BPA is still widely used for a variety of chemical applications even though it is known to be an endocrine‐disrupting chemical. BPA is a key precursor to most photo‐curable materials ranging from encapsulants of electronic devices to dental sealants. In this study, photo‐curable isosorbide dimethacrylate (ISDM) was synthesized from bio‐based isosorbide as a substitute for BPA, and the photo‐curing behaviors of ISDM by irradiation with light‐emitting diode (LED) light were investigated. The photo‐curing conversion and rates of ISDM formation were determined based on the change in the peak corresponding to the double bond within the methacrylate groups using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy. The effects of initiators and the wavelength of LED light on the photo‐curing conversion and rates of ISDM formation were examined, and a comparative study was carried out with 2,2‐bis[4(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloyloxy‐propyloxy)phenylpropane] (Bis‐GMA), which is a photo‐curing material bearing a BPA moiety. In addition, the mechanical properties, such as surface hardness, adhesion strength, and transparency, after photo‐curing of ISDM were evaluated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42726.
Character motion synthesis by principal component analysis and motion control interface by hands
Authors: Oshita Masaki , Oshima Hayato , Senju Yuta , Morishige Syun
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we propose an interactive character motion control interface that uses hands. Using their hands and fingers, the user can control a large number of degrees of freedom at the same time. We applied principal component analysis to a set of sample poses and assigned the extracted principal components to each degree of freedom of the hands (such as the hand positions and finger bending/extending angles). The user can control the blending weights of the principal components and deform the character's pose by moving their hands and bending/extending their fingers. We introduced pose and action controls, so that we can alter the standing pose and perform various actions with deformations. So that various types of actions were possible, we constructed a number of action models in advance. We introduced action model selection and action execution mechanisms. We developed methods for computing the feature vector, for applying principal component analysis, and for pose and action synthesis. In addition, we introduced a pose transition method for performing a step motion when necessary to prevent foot sliding. We present our experimental results and demonstrate the effectiveness of our interface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of the Chemical Environment beyond the Coordination Site: Structural Insight into FeIII Protoporphyrin Binding to Cysteine‐Based Heme‐Regulatory Protein Motifs
Authors: Brewitz Hans Henning , Kühl Toni , Goradia Nishit , Galler Kerstin , Popp Jürgen , Neugebauer Ute , Ohlenschläger Oliver , Imhof Diana
Published: August 2015

The importance of heme as a transient regulatory molecule has become a major focus in biochemical research. However, detailed information about the molecular basis of transient heme–protein interactions is still missing. We report an in‐depth structural analysis of FeIII heme–peptide complexes by a combination of UV/Vis, resonance Raman, and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic methods. The experiments reveal insights both into the coordination to the central iron ion and into the spatial arrangement of the amino acid sequences interacting with protoporphyrin IX. Cysteine‐based peptides display different heme‐binding behavior as a result of the existence of ordered, partially ordered, and disordered conformations in the heme‐unbound state. Thus, the heme‐binding mode is clearly the consequence of the nature and flexibility of the residues surrounding the iron ion coordinating cysteine. Our analysis reveals scenarios for transient binding of heme to heme‐regulatory motifs in proteins and demonstrates that a thorough structural analysis is required to unravel how heme alters the structure and function of a particular protein.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis presenting as acute severe respiratory distress in a newly diagnosed HIV patient in Tanzania: a case report
Authors: Gunda Daniel W. , Bakshi Fatma A. , Rambau Peter , Kilonzo Semvua B.
Published: August 2015

Key Clinical Message

Pulmonary cryptococcosis is a common condition in HIV‐infected patients which is frequently missed or misdiagnosed in resource‐limited countries. We report a case of HIV/AIDS patient who was misdiagnosed with a fatal outcome. There is a need to implement screening tools to be used where the diagnosis may not be confirmed.