bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infectious diseases in Poland in 2021
Authors: Rosińska Magdalena , Czarkowski Mirosław , Sadkowska-Todys Małgorzata
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK. As 2021 was the second year of COVID-19 pandemic we expect the continuous impact of the pandemic on other infectious diseases. We aimed at reviewing the national infectious surveillance data based on available surveillance reports (Epidemiological Chronicle) to summarize the infectious disease situation in 2021.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. National infectious disease surveillance system collects mandatory notifications from physicians and laboratories as well as epidemiological investigation reports prepared by State Sanitary Inspection, where relevant. We also include mortality data based on the reports of Statistics Poland office.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
In 2021, there were 2,852,789 cases of COVID-19 reported, corresponding to the incidence of 7475.4 per 100,000 and 90,126 deaths related to COVID-19. For most of diseases the incidence remained lower than before the pandemic. This included influenzea and influenzea-like illness incidence (- 5.4% vs 2020 and – 37.6% vs median 2015-2019) and tuberculosis incidence (+9.3% vs 2020 and -35.9% vs median 2015-2019). The incidence was lower than in 2020 for: pertussis (-75.7%), measles (-54.9%), rubella (48.7%), mumps (-16.4%), chickenpox (-19.0%) or H. influenzea invasive disease (-33.0%). A notable exception to these trends was Clostridium difficile intestinal infections incidence, which was higher by 88.2% from the 2015-2019 median with 21,157 case and 1,120 fatalities reported in 2021. There was also an almost 4-fold increase in norovirus infections incidence. The number of chronic hepatitis infections diagnoses were substantially lower than median for 2015-2019 (-53.7% for HBV and – 68.8% for HCV). The COVID-19 pandemic still played the crucial role as a public health problem, but its impact on other infectious diseases was less clear than in 2020. The reduction in the number of registered cases was with likely attributable to non-pharmaceutic interventions and to delays in registration due to reduced public health resources.
Listeriosis in Poland in 2012-2021
Authors: Księżak Ewelina , Sadkowska-Todys Małgorzata
Published: May 2024

AIM. The aim of the study is to present and evaluate the epidemiological situation of listeriosis in Poland in the years 2012-2021.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. The analysis material consisted of data from individual epidemiological case reports on listeriosis submitted to the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance of the NIPH NIH - NRI by state sanitaryepidemiological stations in the form of paper questionnaires (2012-2019) and in the electronic form through the EpiBaza system (2020 and 2021), as well as aggregated data from the bulletin "Infectious Diseases and Poisoning in Poland".
RESULTS. Between 2012 and 2021, a total of 896 cases of listeriosis were registred in Poland. The median incidence was 0.23 per 100,000 population, which was an increase by 52.2% compared to the previous 5-year period (2007-2011). Every year, more than 90% of cases were hospitalized. The highest percentage of patients were in the age group >60 years old (65.5%). From 2012 to 2019 (in the years when information on cases was collected on a paper form), a total of 275 deaths of patients from listeriosis were recorded (38.4% of all reported cases). According to data from the EpiBaza system, in 2020 and 2021 there were 5 (8.33%) and 25 (20.83%) deaths due to listeriosis. A total of 92.1% of patients with listeriosis had significant predisposing factors for the occurrence of this disease, most of which were associated with neoplasia and heart disease and were present in half of all cases. As part of routine surveillance, no epidemic outbreak associated with Listeria monocytogenes infection was reported in Poland in the years 2012-2021.A total number of 49 pregnant women with listeriosis were reported during described period. Between 2012 and 2021, 37 cases of congenital listeriosis were reported. The median of incidence was 1.07/100 thousand live births, a decrease of 26% compared to the previous 5-year period (2007-2011). Of all congenital infections in newborns, 12 deaths (32.43%) were reported.
CONCLUSIONS. The epidemiology of listeriosis is changing both in the EU/EEA countries and in Poland: the incidence is increasing and the distribution of cases in different age groups is changing, affecting primarily the elderly, especially those with predisposing diseases. Although 2020 tere was a decrease in the number of cases at EU level, possibly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall trend of listeriosis cases isincreasing. The clinical condition has a significant impact on the course of L. monocytogenes infection: in healthy people, infection is usually asymptomatic. The disease primarily affects immunocompromised people. In contrast, infection of pregnant women can lead to premature birth, miscarriage, meningitis and neonatal sepsis with mortality rate of 20-30%. The growing trend in listeriosis is alarming and requires greater attention in terms of prevention and control of the disease.
HIV infections and AIDS cases in Poland in 2021 year
Authors: Niedźwiedzka-Stadnik Marta Agnieszka , Nowakowska-Radziwonka Ewa , Kolenda Adam , Marzec-Bogusławska Anna
Published: May 2024

Background

Despite a temporary decrease in the number of newly HIV infections in Poland in 2020, a return to the growing number of new infections was observed in 2021 in the surveillance.

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of newly HIV infections and AIDS cases and death among AIDS cases in Poland in 2021 in comparison to the changes in preceding years.

Material and methods

Analysis of the epidemiological situation was based on reports of newly detected HIV cases and AIDS cases received from doctors and laboratories and the results of the annual survey of HIV testing conducted by laboratories throughout the country. A dataset on clients from Voluntary Testing and Counselling, coordinated by the National AIDS Center, which anonymously collects epidemiological and behaviour data on tested people was used.

Results

In 2021 there were 1 367 HIV cases newly diagnosed in Poland (diagnosis rate 3.58 per 100,000), including 236 among non-Polish citizens. The number of HIV infections increased by 43.3% compared to the previous year and was higher by 3.8% compared to the median in 2015-2019 years. Similarly, among VCT clients, number of HIV increased by 45%, from 309 in 2020 to 448 in 2021 year. The total number of AIDS cases reported to surveillance was 62 (incidence 0.16 per 100,000). The HIV infection was most often detected in the age group 30-39 year (35.8%) and among men (82.1%). Among cases with known transmission route, 68.7% concerned among MSM. The percentage of AIDS cases diagnosed at the same time with HIV increased by more than 30 percent points (from 63.5% to 95.1% of all AIDS cases).

Conclusions

In 2021 the number of newly detected HIV infections increased compared to the previous year, probably due to a reduction in restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic and increased in HIV testing rate.
Gonorrhoea in Poland in 2021
Authors: Zakrzewska Karolina , Niedźwiedzka-Stadnik Marta
Published: May 2024

Background

The incidence of gonorrhoea at the European level increased over 2012-2019, decreased in 2020, and then reached higher values in 2021 than in 2019.

Objective

Analysis in the descriptive epidemiology scheme of gonorrhoea notification in surveillance in Poland in 2021 (being the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic).

Material and methods

Case-base data from surveillance of gonorrhoea were used: confirmed case (meeting laboratory criteria), probable (meeting clinical criteria and contact with confirmed case) and possible (only in Poland - physician diagnosed gonorrhoea, no information available for proper classification). Statistic Poland data was used to calculate the indicators. Data on patients treated in dermatology-venereology clinics between 2019-2021 were taken from the Bulletins of the Ministry of Health.

Results

The incidence of gonorrhoea in Poland in 2021 was only a fraction of recorded in the EU/EEA (0.74 vs. 13.7/100000)-similar to the first pandemic year and were about half of those notified in the 2019 (the peak year; 281 vs. 522 cases). There were 15.5 men per one female (incidence: 1.6/100000 men, 0.1/100000 women). Every second case was among aged 25-34 (49.62%), every fourth-aged 35-44 (23.11%). Under 15, no cases were reported. The predominant site was the genitourinary (excluding missing data: 85.3%). The cases with missing information on transmision increased (49.1%; aged 45+: 72.0%, women: 76.5%). Delays in reporting data were identified (greater than in 2019, however, less than in 2020), ~17% cases were from 2019-2020. Dermatology-venerology clinics treated 385 people - less than in 2020, however, more than reported in epidemiological surveillance (vs. 281).

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced on the surveillance system in Poland. There are difficulties in interpreting the epidemiological trend. It is necessary to: 1) intensify systemic solutions in the area of prevention, including sexual partners; 2) raise the awareness of healthcare professionals and sanitary inspection workers on the role of collecting epidemiological information.
Las mujeres en la banca central: El caso del Banco de la República de Colombia, 1923-2023
Authors: Iregui-Bohórquez Ana María , Ramírez-Giraldo María Teresa , Caicedo-Silva Sara Isabel
Published: May 2024

Este artículo analiza la trayectoria de las mujeres en el Banco de la República de Colombia a lo largo de sus 100 años de historia, y examina la experiencia de otros bancos centrales en el mundo para proporcionar un contexto internacional. Dado el escaso registro histórico sobre patrones de género en los bancos centrales, especialmente en América Latina, este documento contribuye en parte a llenar este vacío, al recopilar la historia de las empleadas de la institución. Se abordan temas como la participación laboral femenina, los cambios en las normas sociales y culturales, la educación, el papel pionero de las primeras empleadas en los bancos centrales, su desarrollo profesional y su representación en cargos directivos. Se encuentra que la evolución del empleo femenino en el Banco de la República sigue un patrón similar al de otros bancos centrales, donde la relación de las mujeres con sus empleos ha evolucionado hacia la construcción de una carrera profesional.
STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL KEBISINGAN PADA KAMPAS REM SEPEDA MOTOR YANG TERBUAT DARI MATERIAL KOMPOSIT HAZELNUT, PINEAPPLE, ALUMINIUM
Authors: Ramadhan Rizky , Isranuri Ikhwansyah
Published: May 2024

Kampas rem merupakan bantalan yang berfungsi untuk menghentikan laju kendaraan yang terdapat pada bagian sistem pengereman, dan menimbulkan kebisingan pada saaat pengereman. Maka dari itu perlu dilakukan kajian tentang kebisingan pada kampas rem dengan metode eksperimental. Kebisingan kampas rem diukur menggunakan alat SLM (Sound Level Meter) untuk mendapatkan nilai kebisingan pada kampas rem HPA dan AHM sebagai perbandingan kebisingan. Kampas rem komposit HPA (Hazelnut, Pineapple, Aluminium) menggunakan komposisi bahan kemiri 61%, serat daun nanas 0,8%, aluminium 8,2%, dan poliuretan yaitu polyiscocyanate 20% dan polyol 20%. Dari hasil eksperimental kebisingan tertinggi kampas rem HPA beban 500 gram terjadi pada putaran 900 rpm jarak pengukuran 5 cm sumbu Z dengan nilai 78,5 dB. Kebisingan tertinggi kampas rem HPA beban 750 terjadi pada putaran 900 rpm pada jarak 5 cm di sumbu Z dengan nilai 78,8 dB. Nilai kebisingan tertinggi pada kampas rem AHM beban 500 gram terjadi pada putaran 900 rpm pada jarak pengukuran 5 cm di sumbu Y- dengan nilai 80,1 dB. Serta nilai kebisingan tertinggi beban 750 gram terjadi pada putaran 900 rpm pada jarak pengukuran 5 cm di sumbu Y- dengan nilai 81,3 dB. Dari data kebisingan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebisingan yang dihasilkan pada kampas rem HPA lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kebisingan yang dihasilkan pada kampas rem AHM.
Іспанська мова : практикум для здобувачів першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти галузі знань 03 «Гуманітарні науки» спеціальності 035 «Філологія»
Authors:   Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія», Іванова Н. Г.
Published: May 2024

Практикум з іспанської мови призначений для здобувачів першого бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти галузі знань 03 «Гуманітарні науки» спеціальності 035 «Філологія». Видання складається з двох частин. У першій частині наведено 23 тематичних розділів тестових вправ, кожен з яких містить 25 позицій та розкриває те чи інше фонетичне, лексико-граматичне або комунікативне явище іспанської мови. У другій частині розташовуються повні розгорнуті відповіді на співвідносні тестові завдання.
Genetic Variability and Correlation for Traits Related to Drought Tolerance in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Different Water Regimes
Authors: Abdurrasheed Nafisa , Usman Alhassan , Musa Muhammad
Published: May 2024

The understanding of the variability existing in a population base of crop is pivotal to crop improvement. This study examined the variance components, heritability estimates and correlations between some morphological and physiological traits related to drought tolerance in groundnuts under two water regimes, to speed up the selection and breeding of groundnut genotypes tolerant to drought. The experiment was carried at the Research Farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University. Data collected for performance evaluation were number of days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of pods/plant, seed weight/plant and pod yield/plant. Physiological traits related to drought tolerance measured included, Harvest Index (HI), SPAD Chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) at 40, 60 and 80 Days after showing (DAS). Variance components, Genetic Coefficient of Variation (GCV), Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) and broad-sense heritability were calculated for all the traits recorded. Results showed that number of pods/plant, seed weight/plant, SCMR at 60 DAS and HI showed a strong positive and highly significant (P<0.01) with pod yield/plant in all watering conditions. Heritability of the traits ranged from 8.16%- 60.00% with pod yield/plant having the highest value and days to 50% flowering having the lowest values in non-stress (NS), while under water stress condition, heritability was low to moderate from 0.53-53.33%. The SCMR at 60 DAS, number of pods/plant and HI had moderate heritability and significant correlation with pod yield/plant under water stress condition, these traits could be useful criteria in drought tolerance selection.
Optimization of 4G LTE Network with Automatic Cell Planning and Carrier Aggregation Methods
Authors: Sutoyo Sutoyo , Purnamirza Teddy , Mulyono Mulyono , Faizal Ahmad
Published: May 2024

The implementation of 4G LTE in Indonesia still faces numerous challenges, particularly in terms of coverage areas that are less than optimal, causing many areas to be classified as bad spots. One of them is Koto Baru Payobasung area, Payakumbuh. Network optimization is one method for overcoming this problem. In this study, we will use optimization techniques such as Automatic Cell Planning (ACP) and Carrier Aggregation (CA) with RSRP, SINR, and Throughput parameters.  Through existing simulations, the results of the initial research revealed that two of the three parameters, namely RSRP and Throughput, were classified as very bad conditions. Based on the results of optimization using the ACP technique, it was discovered that there was an increase in the RSRP value of = -103 dBm, SINR of = 2 dB, and Throughput = 15 mbps. The RSRP value for the CA technique is -90 dBm, the SINR is 7 dB, and the throughput is 50 mbps. Because of the value of the optimization parameter results, the CA technique is more effective than the ACP technique in these two optimization techniques
Design of Automatic Power Factor Correction for Optimization of Electric Energy Consumption
Authors: Utomo Restu Mukti , Wirawan Adi Pandu , Margono Wisnu Candra , Alham Nur Rani
Published: May 2024

Electrical energy is a major human need which, when viewed from its main source, namely fossil energy, will increasingly run out. There needs to be an effort to utilize electrical energy more optimally. The problem discussed in this research is the decline in power factor. The State Electricity Company (PLN) has a minimum power factor standard of above 0.85 which is found in the SPLN 70-1 regulation and PERMEN ESDM No. 09 of 2011. If the power factor is below the minimum limit, it will result in losses, because consumers have to pay for excess kilo Volt Ampere Reactive hours (kVARh). Power factor drops are caused by the use of inductive loads. With automatic power factor correction, the poor power factor from the use of inductive loads will be resolved and optimization of the use of electrical energy can be achieved. From the test results conducted using 3 cumulative loads, the worst power factor value was obtained before PF repair was carried out by the system, namely 0.38 and after PF repair by the best power factor system reached 0.99 and obtained the value of active power and apparent power after PF repair is almost the same (comparable) and it can be said that the optimization of electrical energy occurs in this study.
Design of Dipole Antenna at 433 Mhz ISM Band for Underwater to Land Communication
Authors: Alimudin Erna , Sumardiono Arif , Dewi Riyani Prima , Rahmat Saepul , Purnata Hendi , Ilahi Novita Asma
Published: May 2024

In this research has been designed dipole antenna which is intended for communication underwater to land that worked and implemented into prototype form. Design using the software Ansoft High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) v13 and analyze parameters which are generated in simulation results, namely the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), reflection coefficient (S11), the radiation pattern of two-dimensional and three-dimensional. On its design was made of two dipole antennas that can work in a system as a transmitter and receiver. Both of these Dipole antenna operating at ISM 433 MHz frequency band and produce VSWR = 1.62 at the transmitter antenna and = 1.406 on the receiving antenna. In addition, has been measured radiation patterns by antenna performance. From the results of radiation patterns measurements, obtained two pieces of Main Lobe in its field azimuth.
The Solar Tracker Prototype Based on Arduino Uno
Authors: Setiyono Setiyono , Wibowo Kunto
Published: May 2024

The placement of solar panels to capture solar energy is generally installed in a certain and fixed position (static). The dynamic change in the sun's position from east to west at any time means that the solar panels absorb less energy. So, installing an automatic driving device on the solar panel to adjust its perpendicular position to the sun's rays is very necessary. This Solar Tracker tool has 4 light sensors that function to identify the intensity of sunlight as a signal entered by the Arduino Uno microcontroller. This information is then processed to become a signal to drive horizontal and vertical servo motors. The shaft of this motor is connected to the mechanical circuit of the solar panel via a gearbox to carry out movement. A comparator will compare sunlight information and a reference voltage to control the rotation of the servo motor which can determine the time needed for the motor to rotate or stop. The research results on solar panels using a tracker were that the best voltage and current values were obtained between 12.00 – 13.00 WIB with an average voltage value of 11.45 V and an average current value of 0.49A.
Performance Evaluation of Overcurrent Relay and Ground Fault Relay Coordination in Distribution Feeder
Authors: Zakri Azriyenni Azhari , Ramadhan Rezky Almi , Sunanda Wahri
Published: May 2024

Reliable and sustainable electrical distribution systems require effective protection measures against internal and external disturbances, especially short-circuit disturbances, to avoid damage to the equipment. Overcurrent relays (OCR) and ground fault relays (GFR) play an important role in the safety of the distribution network. To improve performance, evaluation of relay coordination is essential. During the short circuit, the nearest relay to the fault point is activated first and the backup relay is activated if the fault current exceeds the adjustment of the main relay. Coordination ensures that timely signaling is sent to interrupt the circuit. Inspection of the OCR relay revealed that it did not comply with the IEC 60255 standard and consequently adjusted the classification time to 0.402 seconds. Similarly, the results of the GFR relay inspection did not meet the standards and required an adjustment of the evaluation time to 0.492 seconds. Resolving these deviations is crucial to maintaining the reliability and compliance of the distribution network with industry standards, ensuring that the protection relays respond quickly and effectively to disturbances, thereby preventing possible damage to equipment
Forensic Investigation of Digital Evidence on Flash Disk with Forensic Process Method Based on NIST
Authors: Zamsari Febriand Gysberth Pariela , Wahyono Teguh
Published: May 2024

Flash disk merupakan barang yang tidak lepas dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan Flash disk pengguna dapat menyimpan beberapa daya penting baik bagi pribadi maupun perusahaan. Selain itu, tidak dapat disangkal bahwa banyak kasus-kasus hukum di Indonesia yang menjadikan Flash disk sebagai barang bukti. UU ITE (Undang-undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik) mengatur tentang bagaimana ketentuan bagaimana barang bukti digital menjadi barang bukti yang kuat di persidangan. Penelitian ini melakukan studi investigasi forensik terhadap bukti digital pada Flashdisk dengan empat skenario percobaan. Pengolahan forensik digital menggunakan metode forensic process berdasarkan panduan NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). Penelitian ini menghasilkan analisis dimana barang bukti yang diolah dengan skenario 1 dan 4 merupakan barang bukti digital yang valid dan sah untuk diajukan ke persidangan sedangkan barang bukti 2 dan 3 merupakan barang bukti yang tidak sah.
Monitoring System for Electrical Energy Use and Charging Electricity Tokens Based on Website and Whatsapp Application
Authors: Amsyah Novri , Asmar Asmar , Kurniawan Rudy
Published: May 2024

The large number of equipment or electrical loads used causes large amounts of electrical energy usage. To determine the amount of electrical energy used, you can install an electrical energy meter whose results can be monitored via an LCD display. In this research, a website-based application was designed that can monitor electrical energy usage, by providing information in the form of voltage, current, power, and active power usage over time. Apart from that, this website can also top up electricity tokens as a feature to limit the use of electrical energy that will be used by users and is equipped with a notification message for remaining electricity tokens to the Whatsapp application. This system was developed using an ESP32 microcontroller which will provide data, process data, and present data from instrument measurements, then send the measurement results data every 15 seconds to the monitoring website. From the test results, the tool can measure electrical quantities such as current and voltage. The tool can also send measurement results to the website and store measurement data in a database. Test results for sending notification messages, the message was successfully sent to WhatsApp media if the electricity token met the specified conditions.
ІМІДЖ ЯК ОСОБЛИВИЙ ПСИХІЧНИЙ ОБРАЗ
Authors: Сторожук Н.
Published: May 2024

У статті здійснено феноменологічний аналіз іміджу у психологічній науці як особливого психічного образу. Зазначається, що імідж - це цілеспрямовано створюваний психічний образ, що являє собою одночасно інтерсуб'єктну та аутосуб'єктну взаємодію, спрямовану на створення у масовій свідомості емоційно забарвленого, маніпулятивного образу, який має характер стереотипу і який сформовано під конкретні стратегічні та практичні завдання.
ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНИЙ ПОЗИТИВНИЙ ІМІДЖ У КОНТЕКСТІ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ
Authors: Беспалько А.
Published: May 2024

Спроби спростити або, навпаки, ампліфікувати розв'язання проблеми іміджу у психології та інших гуманітарних науках не вдаються. Можна бачити у множинних розв'язаннях цієї проблеми безліч фактів і мінімальний рух до пояснення, що зачіпає широкий пласт феноменальних проявів індивідуального позитивного іміджу. Зведення, редукція складнішого явища, яким видається індивідуальний позитивний імідж, до простіших видається низкою малоуспішних спроб: у створенні конкретного індивідуального позитивного іміджу ще щось вдається, але у поясненні усе виглядає суттєвою натяжкою. Натомість розгляд ширшого контексту розвитку особистості, включення до нього складної дійсності формування і самоформування зовнішнього вигляду у згоді або, навпаки, опозиції до наявних у культурі норм, являє собою більш продуктивним підходом.
Leki, świadczenia, technologie, proponowane kierunki zmian w perspektywie 5-letniej
Authors:   Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie, Raulinajtys-Grzybek Monika , Włodarczyk Agnieszka
Published: May 2024

Z przyjemnością przedstawiamy Państwu raport otwarcia, mający na celu zainicjowanie dialogu nad głównymi wyzwaniami, przed którymi stoi lub stanie system ochrony zdrowia w Polsce w ciągu najbliższych pięciu lat. Sytuacja w sektorze ochrony zdrowia jest niepokojąca; system podlega silnemu – częstokroć niekorzystnemu – oddziaływaniu zewnętrznemu oraz boryka się z licznymi problemami wewnętrznymi, będącymi konsekwencją wieloletnich zaniedbań i utrwalonych nieoptymalnych rozwiązań. Jednocześnie wiele inicjatyw dziejących się na arenie międzynarodowej i krajowej tworzy szanse dla polskich pacjentów, personelu medycznego oraz przedsiębiorstw w branży.
The Role of Housewives Groups in Meeting Family Economic Needs through Online Business in Pantai Gemi Village, Stabat District, Langkat Regency
Authors: Tiara Azahra  , Agus Suriadi
Published: May 2024

This research discusses the role of housewives' groups in meeting family economic needs through online businesses. Generally, meeting the economic needs of the family is the responsibility of every parent in a family, especially fathers and generally those responsible for caring for children and taking care of home and kitchen affairs are mothers. However, along with the times that are currently underway, the role of mothers is no longer just caring for children and taking care of home and kitchen affairs but also plays a role in meeting the economic needs of the family due to several factors, one of which is due to the increasing economic needs of the family and the lack of father's income to meet the economic needs of the family. The changing roles experienced by housewives can trigger new problems for the family, namely the lack of maternal attention to household affairs which is the main responsibility of housewives. So that this makes the emergence of various ideas that can be used as a solution so that housewives can carry out two roles (as mothers and workers) at the same time maximally. One of the jobs that can be done by housewives to be able to increase income and still be able to take care of the house is to become an online trader. Time efficiency is one of the main advantages for online business entrepreneurs. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods.
Manuel Antonio Muñoz Borrero: Los años desconocidos
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Ortiz-Crespo Gonzalo
Published: May 2024

En Manuel Antonio Muñoz Borrero: los años desconocidos, el historiador, diplomático y académico Gonzalo Ortiz Crespo nos ofrece un detallado recorrido por los años colombianos de este ilustre cuencano, quien entre 1913 y 1931 residió en Bogotá donde estudió Derecho, se doctoró en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y se casó con una dama de la alcurnia bogotana con quien viviría una atribulada y novelesca historia de amor. Para su grado, Muñoz Borrero escribió una tesis sobre las relaciones diplomáticas entre Ecuador y Colombia, que fue publicada por la Universidad Nacional, texto que se reproduce íntegramente en estas páginas. Encargado de los Archivos de la legación diplomática de Ecuador en Colombia durante casi seis años, en 1931 Muñoz Borrero (1891-1976) fue trasladado a Estocolmo como cónsul de nuestro país, donde desarrollaría una insólita labor humanitaria emitiendo pasaportes para los judíos declarados apátridas. Allí empieza la leyenda de esta figura excepcional. A la meticulosa reconstrucción de la travesía profesional y vital de este personaje a cargo de Gonzalo Ortiz siguen en este volumen varios escritos del mismo Muñoz Borrero en torno a su experiencia diplomática en la Colombia de entonces. Después de leer este libro es muy difícil no admirar la integridad ética y la profunda humanidad de Muñoz Borrero, quien en un momento particularmente crítico de la Historia contemporánea arriesgó (y sacrificó) su carrera diplomática por los otros en un inusual ejercicio de solidaridad y amor al prójimo. 170 páginas ISBN: 978-9942-645-72-2 e-ISBN: 978-9942-645-71-5
ON THE QUESTION OF THE LEGAL NATURE OF A SUSPENDED SENTENCE IN RELATION TO MINORS TO IMPRISONMENT
Authors: Golovastova Julija , Vidova Tat’jana , Mitjaeva Julija
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of probation applied to minors. The institution of probation requires in-depth analysis not only from the point of view of criminal law, but also of penal enforcement law. The position is substantiated that, in order to improve the legal regulation and application of probation to minors, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the legal status of a conditionally sentenced person to imprisonment, as well as to carry out high-quality work on monitoring the behavior of minors within the framework of executive probation. Conditional sentencing of minors to imprisonment is another measure of a criminal law nature, which allows them not to be isolated from society, retains the maximum amount and content of their rights and obligations, and acts as a conditional basis for release from the actual serving of a sentence of imprisonment in an educational colony.
Analysis of the Motivational Factors of Cotton Producers In the Commune of N'dali In Northern Benin
Authors:   Faculté des Lettres Arts et Sciences Humaines, Université de Parakou, Bénin., IMOROU Soulé EL-HADJ , KOTCHONI Abdul-Razak ,   Faculté des Lettres Arts et Sciences Humaines, Université de Parakou, Bénin., MEHOUENOU Juste Ornel
Published: May 2024

Despite the many problems in the cotton sector, producers seem to have some motivation to continue growing cotton. To better understand these motivations, data were collected from 80 people in four villages in the commune of N'Dali in northern Benin. Descriptive statistics and discourse analysis were used to analyse the data. The results showed that the constraints faced by farmers are related to a lack of inputs, the length of time it takes to pay cotton funds, the selling price considered low by some producers, and constraints such as difficulties related to the transport of inputs and cotton, ploughing, the lack of manpower, the poor quality of inputs, etc. The results also showed that producers are motivated for the most part by the control of market risks and uncertainties, the very remunerative prices for other producers, the ease of access to inputs, the level of adoption of agricultural technical innovations, the control of the production itinerary, the ease of access to credit and the organisation of the commodity chain. Our The results will guide the authorities in charge of the commodity chain in their intervention efforts. Keywords: motivation, cotton, producers, constraints, N'Dali, North Benin.
Refining Vicarious Liability
Authors: Campbell Mat , Lindsay Bobby
Published: May 2024

Vicarious liability is the treatment, regardless of fault, of one defender as liable for another defender's wrong. The basic inquiry involves examination of whether (i) the defenders stand in a relationship capable of giving rise to vicarious liability; and (ii) the wrongdoing is relevantly linked to that relationship. Unsatisfactory though the reality and its results may be, the contours of these core components are sculpted as new fact patterns come before the courts, and judges emphasise differently and compromise between various policy goals. The elementary principles are quite well-settled, especially given a relative paucity of case law and literature. But room for refinement remains. We here further analyse issues of interest in Scotland and beyond concerning the basic inquiry, and clarify the unimportance in this context of the distinctiveness of Scots law, before summarising our conclusions.
Reconnecting Mouth and Body Requires Rethinking Dental Care Financing
Authors: Vujicic Marko
Published: May 2024

Marko Vujicic discusses how dental care financing inthe United States has impacted oral healthcare delivery, access, and utilization. He makes the case that the separation of oral health from overall health inthe United States, regarding financing of care, has influenced the oral health of the U.S. population, and highlights how itmay be difficult—if not impossible—to reconnect the mouth to the body without rethinking how dental care might be integrated into health payer systems.
In the Way of Learning
Authors: Palatta Anthony
Published: May 2024

In his article, "In the Way of Learning," Dr. Palatta emphasizes the importance of educators' ability to adapt their mindsets to facilitate a form of active learning in which students discover knowledge through a process of engagement and reflection rather than by having it transmitted to their brains by a faculty member.
"Scoping Up" Dental Education to Address Scientific Uncertainty: HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer as a Case in Point
Authors: Equinda Michele J. , Northridge Mary E. , Kerr Alexander R. , Curry Arlene R. , Vernillo Anthony T.
Published: May 2024

As recent dental graduates begin to influence professional thinking, the ideas of "scoping up" and "scoping down" are likely to redefine the dentist's traditional role in the provision of health care. In either context, it will be essential for dental education to provide broader instruction in critical-thinking skills and assessment of evidence to address scientific uncertainty.
Commentary: Moving Beyond Charitable Dental Missions: The Pursuit of Equitable Partnerships to Reduce Oral Health Disparities
Authors: Cunha-Cruz Joana , Senturia Kirsten D.
Published: May 2024

Drs. Cunha-Cruz and Senturia point to the lack of systematic evaluative evidence that international service-learning benefits dental students, universities, and the U.S. healthcare system, and challenge us to create metrics that would enable critical evaluation of global health experiences as a first step in developing equitable partnerships designed to reduce oral health disparities.
A Note from the Incoming JADE Editorial Board Chair
Authors: Spivakovsky Silvia
Published: May 2024

This issue of JADE incorporates each and every aspect of what the Academy stands for. We explored an issue that is timely and relevant to clinical education, with collaboration among Academy members and outside experts. We were guided, supported, and mentored every step of the way.
Lessons from the Ebola Crisis
Authors: Caplan Arthur l.
Published: May 2024

In his article, Arthur Caplan asks, what would an "ethics autopsy" reveal about what lessons ought be learned from the world's and the United States' response to this disease? Here are my top eight. He recommends that science should not go out the window, but the ethics of testing and regulating need to bend a bit in the context of a lethal epidemic.
Focus on Global Oral Health: What It Means To Be Globally Competent and Locally Relevant
Authors: Benzian Habib
Published: May 2024

Habib Benzian's centerpiece article focuses on the importance of developing sustainable models for student engagement in global oral health while seizing opportunities to implement powerful healthcare strategies at home as well.
A Note from the Executive Editor
Authors: Bloom Elyse
Published: May 2024

The theme of this edition of JADE, "The Impact of the EHR on Dental Education" has special resonance for NYUCD as we transition to a comprehensive electronic health record.
An argument Against a Dental School ranking System
Authors: Formicola Allan J
Published: May 2024

In his cogently argued rejoinder, Allan J. Formicola asserts that the rating system proposed will not improve the profession, because the current accrediting process does take into consideration differences in dental schools' missions and goals, "but assures that all schools, new and established, meet standards that are accepted by the academy, the practicing community, and the licensing community."
Mehmet Şevki (Yazman) as an Author of the Journal Kadro
Authors: Yaşar Volkan
Published: May 2024

After the National Struggle, Turkish National State was established under the leadership of Atatürk. After the form of goverment became a republic in 1923, the understanding of national will and national soverignty was adopted. The revolutions made one after the other were meant for the movements to protect and enable this new national state. After the World Economic Depression of 1929, the Republic of Turkey adopted the princeples of statism in 1932. It is possible to say that the Journal Kadro, which started its publication life in January of the same year and published 36 issues in 3 years, tried to produce a unique theory of the Turkish revolution. The articles in the journal were generally focused on culture, literature, domestic and foreign policy and the current political situation. But actually articles on economics and economy were focused. In this context, the authors of the Journal Kadro, who were motivated by Turkey’s need for economic development, published original ideas on industrialisation and technological progress. In this paper, the articles of M. Şevki (Yazman) Bey, one of the authors of the Journal Kadro were evaluated. It was tried to reveal that the ideas and thoughts put forward by Yazman contributed to the economic, technical and scientific development of Turkey.
Narasi melalui Ikon dan Simbol dalam komunikasi sains
Authors: Supratman Supratman
Published: May 2024

Modernisasi dan juga perkembangan zaman menuntu agar masyrakat mau Kembali ke sains dan salah satu tantangan dalam komunikasi adalah menggunakan sains dalam menjelaskan keseharian manusia. Dengan banyaknya misinformasi, maka penjelasan medasar tentang semua hal diharapkan dalam memberikan gambaran kepada khalayak bagaimana untuk mengandalkan pemahaman sains dalam menghadapai berbagai tantangan. Komunikasi sains adalah cara bagaimana berkomunikasi yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan berbagai fenomena secara sainitifik kepada khalayak umum. Tantangannya adalah meneyederhanakan materi atau pesan yang kompleks untuk mudah dipahami. Semiotika yang dikritik oleh beberapa ahli bagaimana memiliki struktur yang kompleks, disangsikan dapat digunakan dalam menyampaikan sebuah gambaran yang benar. Inilah kemudian yang menjadi bahasan yang hendak diteliti yakni bagaimana ikon dan simbol, sebagai ilmu semiotika yang digunakan dalam komunikasi sains. Dalam penelitian ini, data didapatkan melalui observasi dari seri video “explaining one concept on 5 levels of dicciculty”. Video ditayangkan oleh Wired tentang tingkatan yang berbeda dalam menjelaskan sebuah kompleksitas. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ikon dan simbol dalam dialog sains dimaknai secara berbeda, namun bisa disepakati dengan menggunakan konsep naratif.
Molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein
Authors: Huang Yanping , Chen Junkai , Chen Siwei , Huang Congcong , Li Bei , Li Jian , Jin Zhixiong , Zhang Qiwei , Pan Pan , Du Weixing , Liu Long , Liu Zhixin
Published: May 2024

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly prevalent and potent infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Until now, the world is still endeavoring to develop new ways to diagnose and treat COVID-19. At present, the clinical prevention and treatment of COVID-19 mainly targets the spike protein on the surface of SRAS-CoV-2. However, with the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of concern (VOC), targeting the spike protein therapy shows a high degree of limitation. The Nucleocapsid Protein (N protein) of SARS-CoV-2 is highly conserved in virus evolution and is involved in the key process of viral infection and assembly. It is the most expressed viral structural protein after SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and has high immunogenicity. Therefore, N protein as the key factor of virus infection and replication in basic research and clinical application has great potential research value. This article reviews the research progress on the structure and biological function of SARS-CoV-2 N protein, the diagnosis and drug research of targeting N protein, in order to promote researchers’ further understanding of SARS-CoV-2 N protein, and lay a theoretical foundation for the possible outbreak of new and sudden coronavirus infectious diseases in the future.
Is this good science communication? Construction and validation of a multi-dimensional quality assessment scale from the audience’s perspective
Authors: Taddicken Monika , Fick Julian , Wicke Nina
Published: May 2024

The expansion of science communication underscores the increasing importance of understanding what constitutes good science communication. This question concerns the public’s understanding and engagement with science. The scholarly discussion has shifted from the traditional deficit model to a more dialog-oriented approach yet remains normatively anchored. There is a pivotal lack of attention to the audience’s perspective regarding the question of what good science communication is. Moreover, different formats of science communication have hardly been researched thus far. Therefore, this paper introduces a multi-dimensional scale to capture the audience’s assessment of specific science communication formats. We utilized a multi-step process to identify relevant criteria from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The instrument integrates 15 distinct quality dimensions, such as comprehensibility, credibility, fun, and applicability, structured according to different quality levels (functional, normative, user-, and communication-oriented). It considered theory-driven and practice-experienced categories and was validated through confirmatory factor analyses conducted on a German representative sample (n = 990). For validation, the scale was applied to a science blog post and a science video on homeopathy. After employing a seven-step process, we conclude that the newly devised scale effectively assesses the perceived quality of both blog and video science communication content. The overall assessment aligns with common target variables, such as interest and attitudes. The results regarding the different quality subdimensions provide a nuanced understanding of their contribution to the perceived overall quality. In this way, the scale aids in enhancing science communication in accordance with audience perceptions of quality. This marks the inaugural introduction of a comprehensive measurement instrument tailored to gauge quality from the audience’s standpoint, rendering it applicable for utilization by both researchers and practitioners.
Preventing and protecting against underwater cultural heritage crime
Authors: Looram Charlotte Papillaud , Lindley Jade
Published: May 2024

Akin to the activity on the high seas broadly, underwater cultural heritage below the surface of the high seas is beyond the scope of policing of any one state. As such, the historical, cultural, and financial value of shipwrecks is vulnerable to crimes such as looting, trafficking, forgeries, and then illicit sales, rather than providing cultural benefit to all, as articulated in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. The emergent United Nations High Seas Treaty provides some hope of unclouding this complex space and providing protections for these culturally rich, priceless, and often nationally contested objects. Shipwreck ownership is contested not only on the high seas. Shipwrecks found within a state’s exclusive economic zone may be susceptible to questions of ownership, further challenging the questions of how crimes against underwater cultural heritage can be collectively prevented and protected. Drawing on a shipwreck example from Southeast Asia in which ownership was contested, the Geldermalsen, this article considers, within the framework of international law and increasingly available technology, that it may be possible to “design out” criminal vulnerabilities through a lens of situational crime prevention.
Morphometric fingerprints and downslope evolution in bathymetric surveys: insights into morphodynamics of the Congo canyon-channel
Authors: Hasenhündl Martin , Talling Peter J. , Pope Ed L. , Baker Megan L. , Heijnen Maarten S. , Ruffell Sean C. , da Silva Jacinto Ricardo , Gaillot Arnaud , Hage Sophie , Simmons Stephen M. , Heerema Catharina J. , McGhee Claire , Clare Michael A. , Cartigny Matthieu J. B.
Published: May 2024

Submarine canyons and channels are globally important pathways for sediment, organic carbon, nutrients and pollutants to the deep sea, and they form the largest sediment accumulations on Earth. However, studying these remote submarine systems comprehensively remains a challenge. In this study, we used the only complete-coverage and repeated bathymetric surveys yet for a very large submarine system, which is the Congo Fan off West Africa. Our aim is to understand channel-modifying features such as subaqueous landslides, meander-bend evolution, knickpoints and avulsions by analyzing their morphometric characteristics. We used a new approach to identify these channel-modifying features via morphometric fingerprints, which allows a systematic and efficient search in low-resolution bathymetry data. These observations have led us to identify three morphodynamic reaches within the Congo Canyon-Channel. The upper reach of the system is characterized by landslides that can locally block the channel, storing material for extended periods and re-excavating material through a new incised channel. The middle reach of the system is dominated by the sweep and swing of meander bends, although their importance depends on the channel’s age, and the time since the last up-channel avulsion. In the distal and youngest part of the system, an upstream migrating knickpoint is present, which causes multi-stage sediment transport and overspill through an underdeveloped channel with shallow depths. These findings complement previous less-detailed morphometric analyses of the Congo Canyon-Channel, offering a clearer understanding of how submarine canyon-channels can store sediment (due to channel-damming landslides, meander point bars, levee building due to overspill), re-excavate that sediment (via thalweg incision, meander propagation, knickpoint migration) and finally transport it to the deep sea. This improved understanding of the morphodynamics of the Congo Canyon-Channel may help to understand the evolution of other submarine canyon-channels, and assessment of hazards faced by seabed infrastructure such as telecommunication cables.