bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ingestão alimentar e níveis séricos de vitamina D em pessoas com síndrome metabólica
Authors: Campos Junior Ademir Rangel , Brandão Najara Amaral , Santos Luama Araújo , Lima Claubert Radamés Coutinho de , Lima Maria Lúcia Nogueira , Santos Maria Auxiliadora Ferreira , Silva Luciana Ferreira da , Araujo Edilene Maria Queiroz
Published: November 2021

A vitamina D possui múltiplas funções e suas principais formas de obtenção são pela exposição solar e a partir da ingestão de alimentos fontes ou suplementação. Porém, observa-se que mesmo pessoas com maior tempo de exposição solar, possuem níveis reduzidos desse hormônio, podendo a ingestão alimentar ser uma alternativa. Especula-se que pessoas com síndrome metabólica (SM) e/ou obesidade são mais susceptíveis à hipovitaminose D que pessoas sem tais fatores. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a ingestão alimentar de vitamina D e comparar com seus níveis séricos entre pessoas com SM e sem SM. Metodologia: Estudo comparativo com 104 voluntários divididos em dois grupos (um grupo de pessoas com SM e outro grupo de pessoas sem SM) de igual tamanho. Foram realizadas avaliação antropométrica (índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência da cintura (CC)) e exames bioquímicos (HDL-c, triglicerídeos, glicemia de jejum e vitamina D). Os níveis séricos de vitamina D foram avaliados pela dosagem de 25- hidroxivitamina D e a ingestão determinada a partir de recordatório alimentar. Resultados: A média dos níveis séricos nos participantes sem SM foi maior (30,602 ng/mL) que com SM (26,296 ng/mL). A média de ingestão de vitamina D foi menor nas pessoas com SM (1,61µ) que sem SM (2,18µ). Conclusão: Todos os participantes possuíam ingestão alimentar insuficiente de vitamina D e, consequentemente, baixos níveis séricos, mesmo realizando uma exposição solar adequada. Políticas públicas são necessárias para incentivar o consumo de alimentos fonte e para fortificar os alimentos básicos.
Impact of temporomandibular disorder on oral health-related quality of life in adolescents
Authors: Amaral-Freitas Gabrielle , Baldiotti Ana Luiza Peres , Scariot Rafaela , Barbosa Mariane Carolina Faria , Dias Maria Luísa Leandro de Souza , Almeida Maria Luíza Araújo , Martins Renata de Castro , Paiva Saul Martins , Ferreira Fernanda Morais
Published: November 2021

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents. The OHRQoL of adolescents undergoing dental treatment at a University clinic in 2019 was measured using the Brazilian version of the Oral Heath Impact Profile – 14 (OHIP-14). The diagnosis of TMD was performed using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD). The patients were examined for other oral conditions and the parents/guardians answered questions addressing socioeconomic/demographic characteristics and the general health of the adolescents. Statistical analysis involves simple and multiple logistic regression models. Ninety male and female adolescents between 13 and 18 years of age participated in the study. The prevalence of negative impact on OHRQoL was 34%. In the unadjusted analysis, negative impact on OHRQoL was associated with a poorer self- perception of general and oral health of the adolescent, nonspecific symptoms including pain, and generalized anxiety disorder, caries, reports of dental pain, muscle disorders and disc displacement, and chronic pain related to TMD. In the adjusted model, negative impact on OHRQoL was associated with all diagnoses related to TMD on the RDC/TMD, except signs of depression. Adolescents with at least one diagnosis related to TMD were 4.13-fold more likely (95% CI:1.08-15.80) to have negative impact on OHRQoL than adolescents without a diagnosis of TMD. The different diagnostic categories of TMD had a negative impact on the OHRQoL of the adolescents analyzed in the present study.
Enriquecimento proteico do resíduo da goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) por meio da fermentação semissólida
Authors: Sousa Sara Morgana Felix de , Silva Rosenildo dos Santos , Silva Osvaldo  Soares da , Oliveira Alison dos Santos , Nogueira Lídia Paloma  da Silva , Lima Maria Eduarda Paz de , Araújo Morgana Aragão , Nunes Jonnathan Silva
Published: November 2021

Os resíduos decorrentes das atividades agroindustriais são provenientes, principalmente, do processamento de frutas para produção de polpas. O aproveitamento desses resíduos se mostra frente ao desperdício de alimentos como uma grande oportunidade de desenvolvimento de subprodutos. Dentre os diferentes resíduos agroindustriais o resíduo de goiaba se destaca por apresentar em sua composição de vitaminas, minerais, fibras e compostos antioxidantes importantes para as funções fisiológicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o processo de enriquecimento proteico do resíduo da goiaba com a utilização da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, por meio de fermentação semissólida. O resíduo da goiaba foi triturado e em seguida colocado em um biorreator retangular com 12% m/m da levedura e acondicionado em uma estufa com circulação de ar forçada a 35 °C de temperatura, durante 21 horas. Foram feitas pesagens dessas amostras nos intervalos de 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 e 21 horas de fermentação e monitorados em cada intervalo as análises do teor de água, proteínas e sólidos solúveis totais. De modo geral é possível concluir que a fermentação semissólida empregada no resíduo da goiaba, com a utilização da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, possibilitou o aumento no teor de proteína do resíduo com o tempo de fermentação, tendo as maiores concentrações às 3 e 6 horas. Assim é possível afirmar que a técnica empregada foi satisfatória no enriquecimento proteico do resíduo da goiaba, podendo ser utilizada como forma de aproveitamento de resíduos.
Desempenho agronômico do feijoeiro cultivado sob a palhada de plantas de cobertura submetidas à adubação fosfatada
Authors: Araújo Érica de Oliveira , Freitas Diogo de Souza , Catânio Jose Vanor Felini , Moreira Aline Ottes , Ribeiro Jiovane Anderson da Silva
Published: November 2021

Pesquisas com a inserção de plantas de cobertura na região amazônica ainda são escassas e necessárias para a viabilização do sistema de sucessão, rotação e/ ou plantio direto. Todavia, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a produção de biomassa e a absorção de nutrientes por diferentes plantas de cobertura na ausência e presença de adubação fosfatada, bem como constatar os efeitos da palhada sob a produtividade do feijoeiro cultivado em segunda safra, visto que o tipo de palha presente na superfície do solo pode influenciar o manejo das culturas. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, na área experimental do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, Campus Colorado do Oeste, no munícipio de Colorado do Oeste, RO. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizado, arranjados em esquema 4 x 2 x 4, sendo constituídos pelo plantio de quatro espécies de cobertura (Crotalária spectabilis, Crotalária ochroleuca, Mucuna cinza e Feijão guandu), duas doses de fósforo (0 e 80 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e quatro repetições. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as espécies Crotalaria ochroleuca e Crotalaria spectabilis apresentam grande potencial para produção de matéria seca. Os componentes de produção do feijoeiro apresentam melhores resultados em sucessão à adubação verde com a Crotalária ochroleuca e Mucuna Cinza. A dose de fósforo aplicada sob as plantas de cobertura favoreceu além da absorção de P e K, a absorção de outros nutrientes, tais como Ca e Mg, que mediante a decomposição e mineralização de seus resíduos puderam atender parte da demanda nutricional da cultura do feijão.
Abordagens da terapia nutricional em pacientes com COVID-19: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Araújo Flaviane Dantas de , Soares Albenize de Azevêdo , Lira Jayara Mikarla de , Silva Roseane Morais da , Felinto Rayssa da Silva , Soares Brenda Kelly Pontes , Nunes Ana Caroline da Fonseca , Oliveira Mayara Gabriela Cândido de , Silva Lisandra Mikaely Barboza da , Tinôco Lorena dos Santos , Silva José Adailton da , Clemente Heleni Aires
Published: November 2021

O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar um levantamento na literatura cientifica das possíveis terapias nutricionais abordadas em pacientes com covid-19. É uma revisão do tipo integrativa, no qual foi realizada as buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, sendo incluídos apenas artigos científicos publicados nos anos de 2020 a 2021. Para chave de busca foram considerados os descritores: “Nutrition Therapy”; “Coronavirus Infections” e sinonímias em inglês, onde foram encontrados 1.152 estudos, dos quais 8 foram incluídos. Os artigos analisados apresentaram diferentes condutas nutricionais; como resultados observou-se o suporte nutricional precoce de progressão lenta como alternativa eficiente, assim como, a terapia da nutrição enteral com início nas primeiras 24h ou 48h de admissão na UTI.  Nada obstante, o risco nutricional é um fator relevante nestes pacientes, no qual a desnutrição se faz presente na maioria dos casos, todavia, manter o estado nutricional adequado é uma prioridade para sobrevivência dos mesmos.  Desta forma, o manejo nutricional adequado é fundamental para pacientes infectados por covid-19, no qual um suporte adequado com nutrição enteral e a suplementação com o ômega-3 são favoráveis à recuperação e sobrevida desses pacientes, no entanto, são necessários mais estudos para esta última afirmação.
Staphylococcus aureus: a threat to food safety
Authors: Paiva Weslley de Souza , Souza Neto Francisco Ernesto de , Brasil-Oliveira Lais Lacerda , Bandeira Maria Gilnara Lima , Paiva Erika de Souza , Batista Anabelle Camarotti de Lima
Published: November 2021

Foodborne Diseases (FBD) affect millions of people worldwide. They are caused mainly by bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, mainly Staphylococcus aureus. Among these, some produce enterotoxins that are resistant to high temperatures and can contaminate various types of foods such as milk and dairy products, in addition to meat products and others. For these reasons, it is necessary to study S aureus and Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SE), which are the main causes of FBD, and the development of actions and new products that maintain the health of food, especially milk, daity dirivates and meat products, in order to reduce contamination. In addition to the study of more efficient techniques for detecting these contaminating agents. Among these techniques, molecular techniques stand out, which currently have been shown to be increasingly sensitive and specific. In general, the association of good hygiene practices and molecular detection techniques are fundamental for maintaining food health, avoiding losses in the industry and serious health problems.
A educação como direito social no Brasil e o desafio da qualidade
Authors: Silva Emanuella Gianna Barbosa da , Alves Antonio Sousa
Published: November 2021

Este artigo discute sobre os princípios constitucionais que asseguram o direito à educação pública e gratuita de qualidade no Brasil. O objetivo é analisar o texto Constitucional revelando a educação como direito social e um bem público. O problema a que esta pesquisa se propõe a responder é: Quais as diretrizes do texto Constitucional para a efetividade da educação como um direito social? A pesquisa é qualitativa e as análises partiram de um estudo bibliográfico. Do conjunto das análises realizadas, evidenciamos que o direito à educação, enquanto direito fundamental previstos na CF de 1988 e anunciado nas Constituições anteriores, não se materializa, com a qualidade social que se espera para a educação brasileira e com que o Estado democrático de direito deveria resguardar.
Importância do cuidado com a fístula arteriovenosa de pacientes que realizam hemodiálise como terapia renal substitutiva
Authors: Souza Camila Silva e , Barros Luciara Sousa , Gama Vanderleia da Silva , Sousa Krisly Ketelhyn
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: descrecer a importancia do cuidado da fístula arteriovenosa de pacientes que realizam hemodiálise como terapia renal substitutiva. Metodologia: O estudo consistiu em uma revisão integrativa de literatura de maneira qualitativa e descritiva, com pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados de artigos da área da saúde como PubMed, Scielo e LILACS, no período entre 2015 E 2020. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram “hemodiálise”, “fístula arteriovenosa” e “cuidados de enfermagem” bem como suas correspondentes em inglês. Foram critérios de exclusão: artigos publicados antes de 2015 e que não abordavam os cuidados à fistula. A partir desse conjunto de palavras-chave definiu-se filtros que serviram como critérios de inclusão: artigos disponíveis na integra, em português e inglês, no período de 2015 a 2021 e que tivessem afinidade com a temática. Resultados: Identificaram-se, no decorrer da pesquisa, 132 publicações, que após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, permaneceram 15 artigos. A literatura aponta que FAV deve ser a primeira escolha, em se tratando se acesso vascular para hemodiálise, com estudos indicando que no mínimo 50% dos pacientes em diálise deveriam usar esse acesso. As FAVs distais nos membros superiores são a primeira opção, como a radiocefálica, pois deixam as veias proximais para uma eventual necessidade de um novo acesso no futuro. O tratamento hemodialítico prolonga a expectativa de vida dada a esses pacientes que com o uso contínuo da FAV sofre com esgotamento do sistema venoso do membro superior, sendo necessário a confecção de FAVs de exceção em veias de outras partes do corpo, como a axilojugular, a axiloaxilar, as alças de veia safena nos membros inferiores, ou através de próteses, como alças femorofemorais, axiloaxilares em colar. Conclusão: Os acessos vasculares para hemodiálise estão longe de estarem completamente aperfeiçoados e estudos recentes, mostram uma gama de alternativas de confecção e manutenção dos acessos.
Abordagem fisioterapêutica nas disfunções sexuais femininas: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Prates Sílvia Letícia Costa , Silva Celinara Queiroz da , Nascimento Wanny Turriel do , Marinho Eliane Ferreira
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Abordar as principais disfunções sexuais femininas, e as condutas fisioterapêuticas, enfatizando a importância para melhor qualidade de vida das mulheres tratadas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada em seis fases do processo de produção, através de artigos extraídos de periódicos, disponíveis nas bases de dados eletrônicas, como google acadêmico, scielo, Lilacs, Bireme (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde-BVS). Seguindo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, utilizou-se instrumento previamente elaborado, para se assegurar que os dados relevantes fossem extraídos, servindo como registro, para posterior análise dos dados. Resultados: Foram encontrados 31 trabalhos publicados, sendo selecionados 9, por apresentar maior aproximação com os objetivos propostos no estudo. Revelaram que as disfunções sexuais femininas estão presentes em grande parte da população feminina. Dentre as queixas mais comuns estão os distúrbios da excitação, do desejo hipoativo, anorgasmia, dispareunia, vaginismo, vulvodínia e dor pélvica crônica. Foram relacionadas as principais intervenções fisioterapêuticas, como a cinesioterapia, trabalho manual, biofeedback e eletroestimulação. O tratamento proporciona melhora da saúde sexual, maior autoconsciência, autoconfiança, melhora da imagem corporal e diminuição da ansiedade. Considerações Finais: O tratamento de disfunções sexuais muitas vezes é negligenciado, pela falta de conhecimento ou excesso de pudor. Mas, apesar da relutância ou preconceito, há um avanço significativo na discussão acerca do tema. A fisioterapia torna-se cada vez mais uma alternativa na hora de tratar desordens de origem uroginecológicas, sendo de extrema relevância para a melhor qualidade de vida das mulheres, incluindo a sexual.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN TANAMAN HIDROPONIK SEBAGAI UPAYA MEREALISASIKAN KAMPUNG HIJAU DI KELURAHAN KEBON PALA KOTA ADMINISTRASI JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Erwin Bambang , Ismanto Riyadi , Panggalo Rein Vikaris , Nastiti Regina Tyas Awangsari
Published: November 2021

Green Action merupakan kegiatan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Kristen Indonesia (FTUKI) yang melibatkan dosen, mahasiswa dan masyarakat. Kegiatan Green Action 22 yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk wujud nyata Pengabdian pada Masyarakat pada semester Gasal tahun akademik 2020/2021 mengambil tema tentang tanaman hidroponik yang dikemas dalam 2 kegiatan yaitu kegiatan Pelatihan membuat tanaman hidroponik dan dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan lomba. Dalam laporan kegiatan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat berisi tentang kegiatan Pelatihan membuat tanaman hidroponik sebagai strategi mewujudkan kampung hijau di RW 09 Kelurahan Kebon Pala Jakarta Timur. Pemilihan usaha tanaman hidroponik sangat tepat dilakukan oleh masyarakat perkotaan (kampung kota) yang banyak tinggal di lahan yang tidak luas, terbatas, namun dapat direncanakan kondisi yang ada untuk membuat tanaman hidroponik dan dapat dimanfaatkan minimal untuk kebutuhan keluarga. Keterbatasan lahan, kepadatan penduduk, kondisi tertentu misalnya masa pensiun, masa pandemic covid 19 seperti sekarang ini, membuat tanaman hidroponik merupakan pilihan yang paling tepat.  Dengan waktu luang di rumah lebih banyak karena Work From Home (WFH)  dapat mengisi waktu dengan berkegiatan menanam hidroponik, sebagai hiburan, menghilangkan stress, dan menghasilkan uang.       Metode yang dilakukan adalah mengadakan Pelatihan Pembuatan Tanaman Hidroponik dengan narasumber pakar Hidroponik, yang diikuti oleh 5 RT di RW 9 sebagai peserta. Hasil rapat koordinasi dengan aparat pemerintahan tingkat kelurahan dan RW, wakil RT setempat, ditentukan hanya 5 RT masing-masing RT diwakili 1-2 peserta. Metoda pelatihan mengingat harus menjaga Protokol Kesehatan secara ketat, semua kegiatan dilaksanakan secara online/daring.

Kata Kunci : Green Action, Pelatihan Hidroponik, Kampung Hijau
“It is become a cage of unclean birds”: The Presence of Plague in The Alchemist
Authors: Thiele Matthew
Published: November 2021

This essay challenges the assertions of Patrick Philips and others that plague is not a meaningful subtext in The Alchemist by demonstrating various ways that the play can be interpreted as a satire of plague-time beliefs and practices. For example, Jonson's audiences would have recognized in the character Abel Drugger a satire of early modern medical care common in prose plague tracts. I also attempt to explain why Jonson would go to such lengths to conceal plague allusions in a play set in plague time. Ian Munro and Ernest Gilman have suggested that the plague was simply too traumatic to directly represent onstage, but it is also possible that Jonson was trying not to attract any official trouble after his experience with Eastward Ho, as David Riggs suggests. Jonson had to be careful not to directly attack the King, the Church of England, or the Royal College of Physicians, all of which had a stake in responding to plague.
“O'erwhelmed with noise”: Abject Female Speech in Epicene; or, The Silent Woman
Authors: Swift Laura
Published: November 2021

This article discusses Ben Jonson's 1609 play Epicene; or, The Silent Woman, with a particular focus on Morose's excessive solitude and aversion to noise. The article begins by demonstrating how Epicene ostensibly relies on early modern discourses of female speech. The ideal woman of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century conduct literature was silent, a quality inseparable from the associated virtues of chastity and modesty. Morose takes this imperative to its extreme in his search for a bride of “thrifty speech,” who “spends but six words a day” (1.2.28-9). In contrast, excessive female speech is associated with women's proverbial corporeal leakiness, “hermaphroditic” or “epicene” gender, and uncontrolled sexual desire. Above all, the play insists that noisy, desiring, masculine women are a product of the emergent consumer culture located in the city. This raises a contradiction: are women all inherently prone to noisiness, or does female noisiness trouble the boundaries of gender? If women are naturally noisy, what is it about early modern London that, according to the play, exacerbates this? How we understand the nature of noise has profound implications for our reception of Morose. Rather than defining Morose solely in terms of his apparent agoraphobia and miserly character, as earlier criticism tended to do, attention to the ways in which both Morose and Epicene attempt to construct intolerable noise as an innate feature of urban womanhood can illuminate the structure of social abjection at work in policing the boundaries of masculinity and male communities.
Troilus and Cressida's Folio Prologue in the Poets’ War: Shakespeare, Jonson, Marston
Authors: Held Joshua R.
Published: November 2021

Although many scholars have denigrated Troilus and Cressida, the Folio version of the play—with a prologue—offers a more tractable, even winsome play than does the quarto version. As a buffer between the real world of an audience and the imagined world of a play, the prologue adjusts the expectations of an audience, highlighting at once its own potency and the interpretive potential of this textual difference between quarto and Folio. This Prologue conveys an appeal neither obsequious nor arrogant—as do its respective models in John Marston's Antonio and Mellida and Ben Jonson's Poetaster—but rhetorically sinuous and eminently tactful, at once calming the war of the theaters and previewing the subtle tonal shifts in the play that follows it.

In Poetaster, Jonson presents “An armed Prologue,” which has often been mentioned as a precursor to Shakespeare's Troilus Prologue, but I argue that its surface similarities only highlight its differences in goals, methods, and most importantly tone. And by contrast with the epilogue in Antonio and Mellida, the Troilus Prologue presents a more subtly nuanced attempt to win the favor of an audience not wholly by self-effacement but by complex honesty and mimetic rhetoric, counterbalanced to anticipate the perplexing world of Shakespeare's play.
Changing Prices in a Changing Climate: Electoral Competition and Fossil Fuel Taxation
Authors: Finnegan Jared J.
Published: November 2021

When do governments increase the price of fossil fuels? Charting the theoretical territory between climate change politics and long-term policymaking, this paper highlights the role of electoral competition in shaping how politicians respond to the intertemporal tradeoff fossil fuel taxation represents. The more secure the government is in office, the more insulated it is from the vagaries of political competition, and the more likely it is to impose costs on constituents today to generate a future stable climate. By influencing governments’ time preferences, competition structures the myopia of elected officials. I test the arguments using an original dataset of gasoline taxation across high-income democracies between 1988-2013. I find evidence that higher levels of competition are associated with lower gasoline tax rates, and that the relationship is moderated by the level of costs imposed on voters, but not government partisanship.
What drives learner errors in written L2 production?
Authors: Algie James
Published: November 2021

Accuracy in written L2 production can be influenced by many factors, including: (a) the relative similarity of the target structure to equivalent structure in the learner’s L1, and (b) the complexity of the target structure itself. The question of which of these two factors plays a stronger role is fundamental to theories of L2 acquisition. This written learner corpus study uses the English genitive alternation – s-genitives (‘the country's future’) and of-genitives (‘the future of the country’) – to attempt to shed light on this issue. L1 Spanish speakers lag behind L1 Japanese speakers in terms of accuracy rates when the target structure is an s-genitive. This L1 influence appears secondary to structural complexity effects; learners in both groups consistently use the simpler of-genitive with far higher accuracy. Both L1 and complexity effects are stronger in plural possessor contexts, with the plural feature apparently exacerbating learner difficulties with the s-genitive.
Russia's World-Class Research Centres: Key Results for 2020
Authors: Belov Filipp , Zvolinskaya Oksana , Erkina Darya , Borisov Kirill , Gruzinova Elena , Roznatovskaya Natalya
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Russia's transition to a new quality of economic growth and level of competitiveness depends crucially on the level of scientific and technological development of our country. The national Science Project has a special role to play in accelerating scientific and technological growth. One of the main instruments in achieving Russia's leadership position in the world is the creation of a network of world-class research centres. Monitoring Tools. In conducting this research, methods of analysis, synthesis, and a systematic approach were applied. The main sources of information for analysis and assessment are the annual reporting data of world-class research centres, analytical data from the Russian Research Institute for Economics, Policy and Law in Science and Technology (RIEPL), as well as statistical information from open sources and official websites. Results. The performance of world-class research centres, comprising a network of international mathematical centres and centres carrying out research and development on S&T development priorities for 2020, were analysed. A comparison of the planned and actual results of the implementation of scientific activities, the achievement of targets, the formation of the staffing structure of world-class mathematics centres and world-class research centres is presented. Conclusion. The formation of world-class science centres will create attractive working conditions for Russian and foreign scientists and ensure Russia's presence among the world's top 10 countries in terms of research and development. The contribution of this scientific article can aid the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in the development of proposals for the implementation of National Project "Science" activities.
A Small Ligand That Selectively Binds to the G-quadruplex at the Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Internal Ribosomal Entry Site and Represses the Translation
Authors: Hu Xiao-Xia , Wang Sheng-Quan , Gan Shi-Quan , Liu Lei , Zhong Ming-Qing , Jia Meng-Hao , Jiang Fei , Xu Yan , Xiao Chao-Da , Shen Xiang-Chun
Published: November 2021

G-quadruplexes are believed to have important biological functions, so many small molecules have been screened or developed for targeting G-quadruplexes. However, it is still a major challenge to find molecules that recognize specific G-quadruplexes. Here, by using a combination of surface plasmon resonance, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, Western blot, luciferase assay, and reverse transcriptase stop assay, we observed a small molecule, namely, oxymatrine (OMT) that could selectively bind to the RNA G-quadruplex in 5′-untranslated regions (UTRs) of human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF), but could not bind to other G-quadruplexes. OMT could selectively repress the translation of VEGF in cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, it could recognize VEGF RNA G-quadruplexes in special conformations. The results indicate that OMT may serve as a potentially special tool for studying the VEGF RNA G-quadruplex in cells and as a valuable scaffold for the design of ligands that recognize different G-quadruplexes.
Biomarkers of Gut Microbiota in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and Symptomatic Dermographism
Authors: Liu Runqiu , Peng Cong , Jing Danrong , Xiao Yangjian , Zhu Wu , Zhao Shuang , Zhang Jianglin , Chen Xiang , Li Jie
Published: November 2021

Background

Chronic urticaria (CU) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with Th2 immune response. The two most common subtypes of CU, i.e., chronic spontaneous urticaria and symptomatic dermographism (CSD), often coexist. However, the pathogenesis of CSD is still unclear. Gut microbiota plays an important role in immune-related inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between gut microbiota and CSD.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted on CSD patients as well as gender- and age-matched normal controls (NCs). The 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing of fecal samples was used to detect the gut microbiota of all subjects. QPCR was used to further verify the species with differences between the two groups.

Results

The alpha diversity of gut microbiota decreased in CSD patients, accompanied by significant changes of the structure of gut microbiota. Subdoligranulum and Ruminococcus bromii decreased significantly in CSD patients and had a potential diagnostic value for CSD according to receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella were found to be positively correlated with the duration of CSD, while Clostridium disporicum was positively correlated with the dermatology life quality index (DLQI).

Conclusions

The gut microbiota of CSD patients is imbalanced. Subdoligranulum and Ruminococcus bromii are the gut microbiota biomarkers in CSD.
E-NTPDases: Possible Roles on Host-Parasite Interactions and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Paes-Vieira Lisvane , Gomes-Vieira André Luiz , Meyer-Fernandes José Roberto
Published: November 2021

Belonging to the GDA1/CD39 protein superfamily, nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP and ADP to the monophosphate form (AMP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). Several NTPDase isoforms have been described in different cells, from pathogenic organisms to animals and plants. Biochemical characterization of nucleotidases/NTPDases has revealed the existence of isoforms with different specificities regarding divalent cations (such as calcium and magnesium) and substrates. In mammals, NTPDases have been implicated in the regulation of thrombosis and inflammation. In parasites, such as Trichomonas vaginalis, Trypanosoma spp., Leishmania spp., Schistosoma spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, NTPDases were found on the surface of the cell, and important processes like growth, infectivity, and virulence seem to depend on their activity. For instance, experimental evidence has indicated that parasite NTPDases can regulate the levels of ATP and Adenosine (Ado) of the host cell, leading to the modulation of the host immune response. In this work, we provide a comprehensive review showing the involvement of the nucleotidases/NTPDases in parasites infectivity and virulence, and how inhibition of NTPDases contributes to parasite clearance and the development of new antiparasitic drugs.
Applicability of On-Site P-Wave Earthquake Early Warning to Seismic Data Observed During the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan
Authors: Tsuno Seiji
Published: November 2021

In this study, the on-site P-wave earthquake early warning (EEW) based on the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave to efficiently incorporate the site characteristics, which can potentially issue the earthquake warning by the time of Ts-p, was developed. The spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave that are related to the source effects, the path effects, and the site effects are significantly affected by the site effects contrast to the source effects and the path effects in practical. At first, the on-site P-wave EEW method which multiplies a site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave prepared in advance by P-wave observed in the real-time at seismic stations is applied to seismic data for moderate-sized earthquakes with a magnitude (Mj) of 5.0–6.0, occurred in the eastern Japan, observed at both the sedimentary basin site and the rock site. As a result, this method predicted well the observed S-wave in the single indicator of SI within the logarithmic standard deviation of 0.25 as well as in the frequency of more than 0.5 Hz. It is, also, confirmed that the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave at a seismic station was stably retrieved from 20 data samples at least. To investigate the applicability of this method to earthquake ground motions induced by a large-scaled earthquake, finally, this method is applied to seismic data during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake, Japan (Mw 9.0). The prediction of S-wave using a time-window of 10 s after P-wave arrived, could not reproduce the observation with the underestimation; however, the prediction of S-wave using a time-window of more than 20 s containing P-wave propagated from an area generating strong motions in the fault, could reproduce the observation. Even in the case of the large-scaled earthquake, the on-site P-wave EEW method based on the site-specific spectral ratio of S-wave to P-wave at a seismic station availably works by using the gradually increasing time-windows after P-wave arrived in the single indicator of SI as well as in the frequency content, avoiding the mixture of S-wave into a part of P-wave.
Increased Circulating Levels of Ectodysplasin A in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Deng Xia , Cai Zhensheng , Li Yanyan , Wu Xunan , Zhao Li , Li Haoxiang , Chen Ke , Zhang Panpan , Wang Chenxi , Zhao Zhicong , Yang Ling , Yuan Guoyue
Published: November 2021

Objective

Ectodysplasin A (EDA), a newly discovered hepatokine, has recently been considered to be closely related to glycolipid metabolism disorders, but the pathophysiological effects of EDA are still poorly understood. This study was the first time to determine the level of serum EDA in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and to explore the relationships between serum EDA levels and various metabolic indexes.

Methods

A total of 184 subjects were enrolled in the study, including 92 subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM and 92 subjects with age- and sex-matched normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Serum EDA levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oral glucose tolerance test, glycosylated hemoglobin c (HbA1c), and insulin were also measured.

Results

Serum EDA levels were significantly increased in the T2DM group than in the NGT group (359.91 ± 117.99 vs. 265.82 ± 86.51 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Serum EDA levels were positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG), fasting plasma insulin (FIns), fasting C peptide (FCP), triglyceride (TG), HOMA-IR, and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and HOMA-β (p < 0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that 2hPG and FIns were independent influencing factors of serum EDA level (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum EDA level was significantly independently correlated with T2DM (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Serum EDA levels are significantly higher in T2DM patients, suggesting that EDA may play a role in the occurrence and development of T2DM.
“HydroSOStainable” Concept: How Does Information Influence Consumer Expectations towards Roasted Almonds?
Authors: Lipan Leontina , Cano-Lamadrid Marina , Vázquez-Araújo Laura , Issa-Issa Hanán , Nemś Agnieszka , Corell Mireia , López-Lluch David , Carbonell-Barrachina Ángel Antonio
Published: November 2021

Water scarcity is one of the top five key global risks over the last years, and agriculture is the major and least efficient user of fresh water. In this scenario, the “hydroSOStainable” concept has been developed and registered to protect fruits and vegetables cultivated with a volume of water below the crop evapotranspiration. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate how the information influence the consumer liking and preference of the roasting almonds labelled as “hydroSOStainable” and “conventional”, although belonged to the same sample. Thus, we explored 300 consumers (Seville, Spain (high levels of water stress) versus Donostia, Spain and Wroclaw, Poland (regions with no water stress)) preference and acceptance of roasted almonds using satisfaction degree, CATA and willingness to pay questions. The present study demonstrated that both location and sociodemographic aspects influenced consumers perception and liking. Consumers living in areas with water restrictions were more susceptible to be influenced by the hydroSOStainable/conventional concept, while consumers from regions without water restrictions would need more information to choose a sustainable product. Both man and women, centennials and millennials scored higher the supposed hydroSOStainable almonds, while generation X was not really influenced by the information effect. Finally, 77% of consumers, regardless of location, were willing to pay a higher price for the almonds labelled “hydroSOStainable”. Consequently, these results provide valuable information for the government and food industry about consumer choice regarding sustainable products, depending on the location, knowledge, and sociodemographic aspects.
Understanding the Impact of Drought in Coffea Genotypes: Transcriptomic Analysis Supports a Common High Resilience to Moderate Water Deficit but a Genotype Dependent Sensitivity to Severe Water Deficit
Authors: Fernandes Isabel , Marques Isabel , Paulo Octávio S. , Batista Dora , Partelli Fábio L. , Lidon Fernando C. , DaMatta Fábio M. , Ramalho José C. , Ribeiro-Barros Ana I.
Published: November 2021

Water scarcity is the most significant factor limiting coffee production, although some cultivars can still have important drought tolerance. This study analyzed leaf transcriptomes of two coffee cultivars with contrasting physiological responses, Coffea canephora cv. CL153 and Coffea. arabica cv. Icatu, subjected to moderate (MWD) or severe water deficits (SWD). We found that MWD had a low impact compared with SWD, where 10% of all genes in Icatu and 17% in CL153 reacted to drought, being mainly down-regulated upon stress. Drought triggered a genotype-specific response involving the up-regulation of reticuline oxidase genes in CL153 and heat shock proteins in Icatu. Responsiveness to drought also included desiccation protectant genes, but primarily, aspartic proteases, especially in CL153. A total of 83 Transcription Factors were found engaged in response to drought, mainly up-regulated, especially under SWD. Together with the enrollment of 49 phosphatases and 272 protein kinases, results suggest the involvement of ABA-signaling processes in drought acclimation. The integration of these findings with complementing physiological and biochemical studies reveals that both genotypes are more resilient to moderate drought than previously thought and suggests the existence of post-transcriptional mechanisms modulating the response to drought.
Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Sublethal Concentrations of the Novel Pyropene Insecticide, Afidopyropen, in Whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED (Q Biotype)
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Zhang Ziyi , Zheng Huixin , Zhang Qinghe , Gong Jingyu , Li Chuanren , Wang Ran
Published: November 2021

Bemisia tabaci is a devastating agricultural insect pest worldwide, and B. tabaci MED (formerly biotype ‘Q’) threatens the production of horticultural and economic crops in China as a growing number of cases of insecticide resistance have issued, highlighting the requirement for alternative methods and measures of pest management. In the present work, the toxicities of eight popular chemical agents, including the novel pyropene insecticide afidopyropen, on adults of B. tabaci MED were determined, and then physiological and biochemical responses to sublethal concentrations were confirmed. Among all tested chemical agents, afidopyropen exhibited the highest toxicity to adult whiteflies (LC50: 7.38 mg/L). The sublethal effects of afidopyropen were studied at two sublethal concentrations, LC10 (0.53 mg/L) and LC25 (1.84 mg/L), and LC25 treatment extended the duration of growth stages and reduced viabilities in the stages of nymphal, pseudopupae, and adults. The egg-laying days and eggs laid per female were also decreased significantly, as was hatchability in the LC25 treatment. Metabolic enzyme assays suggested that the sublethal effects of LC25 treatment could be ascribable to enhanced detoxification mediated by glutathione S-transferase. In summary, our findings indicate that afidopyropen can be used as a chemical agent for the management of B. tabaci MED whiteflies.
Paediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship for Respiratory Infections in the Emergency Setting: A Systematic Review
Authors: Weragama Keshani , Mudgil Poonam , Whitehall John
Published: November 2021

Antimicrobial resistance occurs due to the propensity of microbial pathogens to develop resistance to antibiotics over time. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have been developed in response to this growing crisis, to limit unnecessary antibiotic prescription through initiatives such as education-based seminars, prescribing guidelines, and rapid respiratory pathogen (RRP) testing. Paediatric patients who present to the emergency setting with respiratory symptoms are a particularly high-risk population susceptible to inappropriate antibiotic prescribing behaviours and are therefore an ideal cohort for focused ASPs. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of ASPs in this clinical context. A systematic search of PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted to review the current evidence. Thirteen studies were included in the review and these studies assessed a range of stewardship interventions and outcome measures. Overall, ASPs reduced the rates of antibiotic prescription, increased the prescription of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, and shortened the duration of antibiotic therapy. Multimodal interventions that were education-based and those that used RRP testing were found to be the most effective. Whilst we found strong evidence that ASPs are effective in reducing antibiotic prescribing, further studies are required to assess whether they translate to equivalent clinical outcomes.
Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hahad Omar , Kuntic Marin , Frenis Katie , Chowdhury Sourangsu , Lelieveld Jos , Lieb Klaus , Daiber Andreas , Münzel Thomas
Published: November 2021

Both exposure to higher levels of polluted air and physical inactivity are crucial risk factors for the development and progression of major noncommunicable diseases and, in particular, of cardiovascular disease. In this context, the World Health Organization estimated 4.2 and 3.2 million global deaths per year in response to ambient air pollution and insufficient physical activity, respectively. While regular physical activity is well known to improve general health, it may also increase the uptake and deposit of air pollutants in the lungs/airways and circulation, due to increased breathing frequency and minute ventilation, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus, determining the tradeoff between the health benefits of physical activity and the potential harmful effects of increased exposure to air pollution during physical activity has important public health consequences. In the present comprehensive review, we analyzed evidence from human and animal studies on the combined effects of physical activity and air pollution on cardiovascular and other health outcomes. We further report on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying air pollution exposure, as well as the protective effects of physical activity with a focus on oxidative stress and inflammation. Lastly, we provide mitigation strategies and practical recommendations for physical activity in areas with polluted air.
Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Juice Precipitate Pigmentation Is Mainly Polymeric Colors and Has Limited Impact on Soluble Anthocyanin Loss
Authors: Dorris Matthew R. , Bolling Bradley W.
Published: November 2021

Anthocyanins degrade in fruit juice during storage, reducing juice color quality and depleting the health-promoting components of juice. Common water-soluble products of anthocyanins’ chemical degradation are known, but little is known about the contribution of the insoluble phase to loss processes. Cranberry juice and isolated anthocyanins were incubated at 50 °C for up to 10 days to determine polyphenol profiles and degradation rates. Anthocyanin-proanthocyanidin heteropolymers were analyzed via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI)- Time of Flight (TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS). Formation of soluble protocatechuic acid accounted for 260 ± 10% and insoluble materials for 80 ± 20% of lost soluble cyanidin-glycosides in juice, over-representations plausibly due to quercetin and (epi)catechin in cranberry juice and not observed in the values of 70 ± 20% and 16 ± 6% in the purified anthocyanin system. Loss processes of soluble peonidin-glycosides were better accounted for, where 31 ± 2% were attributable to soluble vanillic acid formation and 3 ± 1% to insoluble materials in cranberry juice and 35 ± 5% to vanillic acid formation and 1.6 ± 0.8% to insoluble materials in the purified anthocyanin system. Free anthocyanins were below quantifiable levels in precipitate, implying most anthocyanins in precipitate were polymeric colors (PCs). PCs in the precipitate included cyanidin- and peonidin-hexosides and -pentosides covalently bonded to procyanidins. Therefore, formation of cranberry juice precipitate does not deplete a large portion of soluble anthocyanins; rather, the precipitate’s pigmentation results from PCs that are also present in the soluble phase.
Development of a Simple Spheroid Production Method Using Fluoropolymers with Reduced Chemical and Physical Damage
Authors: Togo Hidetaka , Yoshikawa-Terada Kento , Hirose Yudai , Nakagawa Hideo , Takeuchi Hiroki , Kusunoki Masanobu
Published: November 2021

Establishing an in vitro–based cell culture system that can realistically simulate in vivo cell dynamics is desirable. It is thus necessary to develop a method for producing a large amount of cell aggregates (i.e., spheroids) that are uniform in size and quality. Various methods have been proposed for the preparation of spheroids; however, none of them satisfy all requirements, such as cost, size uniformity, and throughput. Herein, we successfully developed a new cell culture method by combining fluoropolymers and dot patterned extracellular matrix substrates to achieve size-controlled spheroids. First, the spheroids were spontaneously formed by culturing them two-dimensionally, after which the cells were detached with a weak liquid flow and cultured in suspension without enzyme treatment. Stable quality spheroids were easily produced, and it is expected that the introduction and running costs of the technique will be low; therefore, this method shows potential for application in the field of regenerative medicine.