bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Lomustine-Loaded Iron Nanoparticles on Caspase-6 Gene Expression and Cell Viability in U87Mg Cell Line
Authors: Sharifian Dastjerdi Zeinolabedin , Kargar Abargouei Elyas , Jafari Salman , Eftekhar Ebrahim , Pourentezari Majid , Zamani Rarani Fahimeh , Afzalipour Reza , Mohajer Ansari Javad , Zamani Rarani Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Background: Every year, many people around the world die from cancers. Among all types of cancers, brain cancer has been recognized as one of the most deadly cancers due to the late detection and limitations of current therapies, and thus it remains an unresolved problem. Glioblastoma occurs in different parts of the central nervous system and is one of the most important causes of cancer death in people. In addition, there are many problems for the treatment of cancer cells. One of the limiting factors is the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. In this regard, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) is an effective method for overcoming this problem. Materials and Methods: In this study, iron oxide-NPs were synthesized and loaded on the folic and lomustine. Further, the size and morphology of NPs were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Then, the U87-MG cell line was cultured in the Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium and treated with nano, nano-folic, nano-lomustine (LUM), LUM, and complex, followed by evaluating 50% inhibitory concentration, tetrazolium assay, and caspase-6 activity. Results: Our results showed that cell viability decreased in LUM container groups by increasing the incubation time. Based on the caspase-6 activity analysis, the mortality rate increased in LUM container groups after 3 days. These findings indicated that LUM, complex, and nano-LUM increase cell death in U87MG. Conclusion: Finally, the results suggested that LUM in NPs could be applied as a safer form of drug delivery for targeting cancer.
Investigation of the Relationship between Organizational Democracy and Job Stress Level Perceptions of Administrators and Teachers
Authors: Tokgöz Aytekin , Önen Özgür
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the relationship between the levels of work stress and the democratic perceptions of principals and teachers. The research was conducted in public schools located in Isparta. Correlational research design is followed.Interestingly, participants’ perceptions of accountability for their superiors significantly predict the job stress levels of administrators and teachers positively. This can be interpreted as the perception of accountability increases, job stress increases. The fact that principals and teachers are supervised frequently by their managers, who gives importance to accountability, may cause pressure them. Additionally, it was observed that the perception of justice and equality significantly predicted the stress levels of teachers and administrators negatively. This finding can be interpreted that the increase in the fair attitude of the managers towards the employees and demonstrating equal behaviors cause a lower level of work stress.Moreover, the gender of principals and teachers predicted work stress significantly. It was determined that male participants’ perception of job stress was higher than female participants. However, the seniority of administrators and teachers did not significantly predict the perception of work stress. Finally, the transparency and participation dimension of the organizational democracy did not significantly predict the job stress levels of administrators and teachers. This may be a result of a centralized organizational structure.Based on the research findings, recommendations were given to reduce the work stress experienced by principals and teachers and develop a culture of democracy in educational organizations.
Synthesis and Application of Nanolayered and Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Wijaya Karna , Heraldy Eddy , Hakim Lukman , Suseno Ahmad , Loekitowati Hariani Poedji , Utami Maisari , Dita Saputri Wahyu
Published: March 2021

Nanoscale materials are currently an attractive research subject because their properties are in contrast to their macroscopic counterparts. An inert material, such as bulk platinum metal for example, is known to exhibit a catalytic properties when its size is reduced into nanoscale. A stable material can become flammable or combustible, such as aluminum, and isolator material can become a conductor. Many attractive quantum phenomena also arise from reducing a material size into nanoscale dimensions. This review article discusses the concept, synthesis, and characterization of organic and inorganic nanolayered and nanoporous materials; and their application to catalysis and adsorption processes. Past achievements and future perspectives in the field of nanomaterial researches will be discussed as well. Furthermore, in the era of green chemistry, nanomaterials with all their derivatives are also required to have sustainable characteristics, such as biodegradable and renewable; which emphasizes that the development of nanomaterials in the framework of green chemistry should always be a priority. Through the synthesis of novel and functional nanomaterials using natural and local-based materials around us that are environmentally friendly and relatively easy to be obtained, our goal toward the inheritance of a greener world for the future generations is not an impossible dream.
The best interests of the child in “mixed” couples’ divorce in Belgium and the Netherlands
Authors: Fresnoza-Flot Asuncion
Published: March 2021

Studies on the marital break-up of “mixed couples” in which partners have different nationalities and/or ethnicities pay little attention to how individual partners, notably the one with a migration background, experience the law and institutions concerning their children. Drawing on ethnographic observations and interviews with Filipino women in Belgium and the Netherlands, this paper investigates these migrants’ socio-legal experiences to shed light on their children’s situation during the divorce process. Paying attention to the principle of the “best interests of the child”, data analyses reveal that the children of women experiencing problematic divorce and/or domestic violence have more direct encounters with laws and/or institutions than those whose parents separated on good terms. Likewise, young people whose parent(s) resort to socio-legal assistance in their country of residence are more exposed to the legal aspects of divorce. This case study underlines the intersubjective dimension of divorce and suggests that state policies do shape individual lives.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCKWAVE LITHOTRIPSY AND RETROGRADE INTRARENAL SURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF CALCIUM OXALATE NEPHROLITHIASIS
Authors: Medvedev V. L. , Budanov A. A. , Dmitrenko G. D. , Palaguta G. A. , Rozenkranc A. M.
Published: March 2021

Objective To evaluate the results of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the treatment of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, as well as the damaging effects on renal function, taking into account the dynamics of blood cystatin C and urine beta2-microglobulin.

Material and Methods Of 94 patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis aged 23–78 included in the study,  42 patients were classified as having undergone ESWL (group I) and 52 patients as having undergone RIRS (group II). Group II patients were then stratified into subset 2A (n = 32) as having undergone RIRS through rigid ureteroscope and subset 2B (n = 20) as having undergone RIRS through flexible ureteroscope. We performed plain urography and nephrosonography at 24–48 hours postoperatively and unenhanced computed tomography 4–6 weeks after surgery. We measured concentrations of serum cystatin C and urinary beta2-microglobulin as a marker for kidney damage. In group I, samples of peripheral blood andurine were taken before and after the first, third sessions and 30 days after the last ESWL session. In group  II, samples were analyzed before surgery, on the first and 30th postoperative days.

Results The average size of calculi in the group with RIRS was 16.91 ± 2.79 mm, in the group with ESWL  12.31 ± 2.27 mm. The need for reoperation after RIRS was 19.2%, which was lower than after ESWL. Stone-free effect (no stones, or residual stones less than 3 mm) was observed in 95% of cases in patients with RIRS, and in 78% with ESWL. Group I patients demonstrated an increase in the blood leukocytes total number more often than subsets 2A (rigid RIRS) and 2B (flexible RIRS) patients. Leukocyturia was also a more common complication in group I. In the RIRS group, there was no statistically significant change in the level of blood cystatin C and urine beta2-microglobulin, on the contrary, a moderate increase in the endogenous marker of cystatin C was noted after one ESWL session. The increase in urine beta2-microglobulin levels in patients after the first and third ESWL sessions was significantly higher than after RIRS.

Conclusion Flexible RIRS may be suggested as the preferred procedure for patients requiring additional protection of renal function in the treatment of renal stones less than 20 mm. ESWL of stones less than 20 mm can be used as an alternative treatment, since it is characterized by a rather long period of stone eradication from the urinary tract, a high frequency of residual calculi after the procedure, and also has a damaging effect on the renal tissue.
educación militar en tiempos de guerra. Los orígenes del Colegio Militar de la Nación (Argentina, 1869-1880)
Authors: Codesido Lucas
Published: March 2021

El artículo analiza la génesis del Colegio Militar de la Nación (Argentina) en sus primeros años de existencia, vinculando su trayectoria con una serie de políticas específicas tendientes a la centralización del poder militar emprendidas durante la presidencia de Sarmiento. Se articula el empeño por controlar a la Guardia Nacional junto con la apuesta por convertir al Ejército de Línea en la plataforma escogida para la profesionalización de las fuerzas militares nacionales. Abordar la educación militar en la década de 1870 se vincula con la subordinación de las fuerzas armadas al Estado nacional, un atributo que se manifiesta en el control del ejército por parte de la autoridad presidencial y emerge como rasgo distintivo del futuro oficial formado en el Colegio Militar. Hemos estudiado la puesta en marcha del colegio en sus primeros años de existencia y examinado las formas en que la disputa político-militar se colaba en sus aulas modificando algunos de los protocolos ideados para separar al Ejército de las contiendas partidarias. Este estudio identifica esos componentes y expone sus trayectorias dentro de las dinámicas, prácticas y proyectos que apuntan a lograr el monopolio de la fuerza militar y constituyen una parte central del proceso de consolidación del Estado nacional en la Argentina.
DAMPAK BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUMDES) TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA TUTUR
Authors: Khumaidi Khumaidi , Zaynab Siti
Published: March 2021

Badan Usaha Milik Desa thereafter called BUMDes is an alternative to improve the rural economy. Unfortunately, however, the position of BUMDes had not been governed completely in existing legislation. Another more complex problem is that in choosing an appropriate enterprise for establishing BUMDes. This study aims to describe the impact of BUMDES on the welfare of rural communities. BUMDES is one of the programs to strengthen the role of the region.This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and used in-depth interview and observation techniques. The results of the study have shown that BUMDES has had an impact on the village economy. BUMDES has an impact on community business development in Tutur Village. In addition, BUMDES encourages people to start a new business according to the potential of the community. The impact of other BUMDES is to improve the level of children's education and improve public health
The Effect of Premium Revenue, Underwriting Results, Investment Results, and Risk Based Capital on Income in Insurance Company (Study On Corporate Insurance - The Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange)
Authors: Wahyuddin  , Mauliyana
Published: March 2021

This research is intended to determine how much influence the premium income, underwriting results, investment results, and risk based capital on the profit of insurance companies (a study of insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange). In this study, the technique to collect the form of financial documentation as the data were taken from 11 insurance companies as samples that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. The multiple linear regression analysis methods use to analyze the data. The results of this study indicate that premium income, underwriting results, investment returns, and Rased Based Capital have a positive and significant effect on profits in insurance companies registered in Indonesia in 2017-2019. It is hoped that insurance companies registered in Indonesia will be able to maintain the value of premium income, underwriting results, and Rased Based Capital in the company, this is so that insurance companies are able to provide more performance for the progress of the company in the future.
La estética de la individualidad y la violencia en el cuento El atravesado de Andrés Caicedo
Authors:   Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia, Avellaneda Báez Raúl
Published: March 2021

La literatura establece un entramado de planos textuales, una conversación de escrituras que dan como resultado la identificación de valores culturales a partir de su mensaje; es por esto que ella necesita de elementos que le permitan su resignificación fuera del contexto de una cultura específica. Andrés Caicedo, autor del cuento El atravesado, objeto del presente análisis, es un ejemplo de esta perspectiva.
Resabios y esplendores de la contracultura en la narrativa de Andrés Caicedo
Authors:   Universidad de Caen, Link Anouck
Published: March 2021

Todos sabemos que el éxito de Andrés Caicedo en Cali, su ciudad natal, fue inmediato. La publicación de su primera novela, Que viva la música (1977), la víspera de su muerte, marcó el inicio de una fama que, cuarenta años después, perdura no sólo a través de eventos, homenajes y publicaciones de especialistas y amadores de su obra, que lo han leído y releído sin cansarse, sino también –hay que reconocerlo– de un modo superficial y descarnado, convirtiéndose el autor, por su mítica trayectoria, en un referente cultural relativamente ineludible en la memoria colectiva de los colombianos, así no sean conocedores de su obra. Así pues, hoy en día, aquel “poeta maldito” se encuentra sacralizado y su obra tan integrada a la cultura oficial colombiana que hasta forma parte de los programas de enseñanza. Dada la situación, encontrar una manera de reactualizar el carácter subversivo de su escritura es una difícil apuesta.
Cuando la sangre son colorá... Andrés Caicedo y Óscar Hijuelos
Authors:   Instituto Caro y Cuervo, Bejarano Alberto
Published: March 2021

En nuestro artículo proponemos una lectura comparada de dos novelas emblemáticas sobre la salsa como destino, como amor fati, como entrega, deriva, muerte y resurrección del cuerpo, de la carne hecha tambor. La rumba es magnificencia o no es. Nos internamos para ello en Los reyes del mambo tocan canciones de amor (1990) del cubano-norteamericano, Óscar Hijuelos y en Que viva la música (1977) de Andrés Caicedo. En los últimos años se han llevado a cabo numerosos estudios sobre Andrés Caicedo, tanto dentro como fuera de Colombia. Destacamos sobre todo los aportes de Edwin Carvajal y los artículos con frecuencia publicados en la revista Estudios de Literatura Colombiana de la Universidad de Antioquia. Podríamos decir que uno de los ejes principales ha sido rastrear la visión de la ciudad en Caicedo.
Discapacidad e inclusión en la educación universitaria
Authors:   Universidad Santiago de Cali
Published: March 2021

El mundo de la discapacidad y de las personas con discapacidad está conformado por fuerzas o vectores que permanecen cotidianamente en constante tensión y negociación. Dichas fuerzas se originan tanto en el ámbito de lo público como en el ámbito de lo privado, y cobran importancia en la medida que influyen directa o indirectamente en la construcción de la subjetividad de las personas con discapacidad, en la concepción sobre inclusión y en la puesta en práctica de estrategias que pretende alcanzar dicha inclusión.
Terapia miofuncional orofacial. Marco histórico
Authors:   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Palacios Lenis Jennifer , Baeza Sanchéz Diana Marcela ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Narvaéz Alquedan Lisdany ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali
Published: March 2021

Es necesario precisar el contexto histórico de la profesión de Fonoaudiología. Los orígenes de ésta, acontecen en países desarrollados como Estados Unidos y España. En EE.UU. en el año 1850, se inicia el reconocimiento de la profesión con la identificación de problemas de fluidez en médicos norteamericanos, siendo hasta el año 1872 que se reconoce formalmente como la profesión de patólogos del habla y del lenguaje, debido al interés por la rehabilitación comunicativa. En este mismo año, Alexander Graham Bell diseña un método conocido como “Visible Speech” el cual indicaba la posición de los órganos fonoarticuladores en la producción de los sonidos con el fin de detectar y abordar dificultades articulatorias. Por otro lado, en el periodo de 1975-2000 se realizó la llamada “Revolución pragmática” la cual reformula e incluye las prácticas comunicativas, teniendo en cuenta el contexto de los usuarios con desórdenes de la comunicación, ampliando la intervención más allá del modelo biológico (Dottor, 2015; Felson, 2011).
Plan de tratamiento miofuncional Una propuesta para el abordaje de los hábitos orales inadecuados
Authors:   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Argüello Vélez Patricia , Baeza Sanchéz Diana Marcela ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Narvaéz Alquedan Lisdany ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali
Published: March 2021

Un plan de tratamiento es un conjunto de procedimientos para cada caso diagnóstico que busca abordar la rehabilitación de una alteración a partir de objetivos planteados de manera secuencial y lógica, considerando las miradas interdisciplinares para lograr la efectividad del mismo en el menor tiempo posible, y por tanto, evitar la progresión de las alteraciones y la aparición de complicaciones. De ahí que para el diseño de un plan de tratamiento se tenga en cuenta el motivo de consulta, la disponibilidad de tiempo, las condiciones sociodemográficas, la complejidad del diagnóstico y las prioridades terapéuticas (Carpenter, 2007). En caso de ser un menor de edad, el compromiso recaerá en los padres y/o cuidadores, dándoles a conocer que el abordaje de las alteraciones dará mejor resultado si la terapia se refuerza en casa (Bigenzahn, 2004).
PENGARUH SENAM PROLANIS DALAM MENURUNKAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA DENGAN HIPERTENSI
Authors: Maksuk Maksuk - , Yusnelli Yusnelli - , Shobur Sherli -
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang:Hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang saat ini semakin meningkat terutama pada kelompok lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan senam prolanis dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia dengan hipertensi.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitaif dengan desain pre experiment design One Group Pre test-post test.  Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Pegayut Kabupaten Ogan Ilir bulan Agustus – November 2020. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan tekanan darah diukur menggunakan tensi meter yang dilakukan sebelum dan setelah senam prolanis. Sampel sebanyak 31 responden dan merupakan total populasi. Analsis data uji menggunakan statistik pair t test.

Hasil:hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa klasifikasi lansia hipertensi tingkat 1 sebanyak 74,2%  dan hipertensi tingkat 2 sebanyak25,8%, sedangkan uji statistik menggunakan pair t test (nilai p = 0,0005) menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan tekanan darah sebelum dan setelah implementasi senam prolanis yang dilakukan lansia saat mengikuti Posyandu Lansia di Puskesmas Pegayut.

Kesimpulan: Senam prolanis merupakan latihan fisik yang dapat dilakukan lansia untuk membantu menurunkan tekanan darah jika dilakukan secara rutin dan benar.

Kata kunci : Senam Prolanis, Lansia, Hipertensi
MEDICAL METHODS OF ABORTION (MMA), HOW SAFE?
Authors: Pathak Anita
Published: March 2021

Unsafe abortion is important and preventable cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Medical method of abortion is a safe efcient and
affordable method of abortion. However incomplete abortion is known side effect. An insight into the referral practices in cases of incomplete
abortion following medical method of abortion will give an idea of the safety prole of medical methods of abortion. 150 women with incomplete
abortion following medical method of abortion were administered a questionnaire which included information regarding onset of bleeding,
treatment received, use of medication for abortion, its prescription, and administration. 90% of incomplete abortion following medical method of
abortion were due to self-administration or prescription by unregistered practitioners, lack of examinations and lack of follow up. Complications
such as collapse, blood requirement and fever were signicantly higher in these patients. The side effects of incomplete abortion following medical
method of abortion can be minimized by following the standard guidelines.
CORRELATION OF SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVELS WITH FASTING PLASMA
GLUCOSE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Kumar Nishanth , D Malathi R , M Ramadevi
Published: March 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multifactorial origin characterized by hyperglycemia and disturbances of glucose , fat
and protein metabolism. Hypomagnesemia is been associated with chronic and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Magnesium deciency in diabetes
is known to be associated with increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications.
The aim of this study is to estimate fasting plasma glucose and serum magnesium levels and to assess the correlation of hypomagnesemia with
abnormal fasting plasma glucose values.
Material and Methods: The study was done at Government Medical College, Nizamabad. 80 subjects were recruited out of whom 40 apparently
normal persons were taken as control group and the second group of 40 patients with known history of diabetes.
The fasting plasma glucose(FPG) was estimated by GOD-POD method and serum Magnesium(Mg) levels were estimated using the Chemchek Mg
kit which is based on Xylidyl Blue with ACTS method.
Results :The mean values of fasting plasma glucose was 87.1 mg/dL in non diabetics when compared to 159.4 mg/dL in diabetics while Serum
magnesium levels in control subjects had a mean value of 2.19mg/dLand 1.8mg/dLin diabetics.
The data was analysed and found to be statistically signicant with a negative correlation between plasma magnesium and fasting blood glucose.
Conclusion: There is signicant hypomagnesaemia which correlates increased fasting plasma glucose values in diabetics when compared to non
diabetics and therefore assessing the serum magnesium levels may help in reducing risk of complications.
EFFECT OF INTRAVAGINAL DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE IN REDUCING
POSTMENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS
Authors: Swati Swati , Kumari Rakhi , Sharan Minu
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND- Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) replacement therapy resulted in a signicant improvement in well being and sexuality in
women with adrenal insufciency as a result of direct effect of DHEAon nervous system.DHEAhas many of the benets of estrogen, with no side
effects, and helps women with vaginal atrophy to stimulate the cellular growth of the vaginal wall and increases vaginal secretion.
METHOD AND MATERIAL- This study was conducted on 64 postmenopausal women of 40-70 years of age group. A detailed history and
thorough systemic and gynaecological examination was done at rst visit and then after 12 week of DHEAtherapy.Specic investigation- vaginal
PH, vaginal cytology for determination of maturation index(MI) and endometrial biopsy. The cases included in the control group were given
placebo treatment by vaginal route for a period of 12 week and any change in vaginal symptoms, vaginal pH and smear pattern, maturation index
and endometrial histology was observed.
RESULTAND CONCLUSION-It was found that placebo had no signicant effect on the desire domain, whereas with 0.5% DHEA, 77% women
showed signicant improvement (p<0.05). When the arousal/orgasm/pleasure domains were observed at the standard 12 week time interval, a
signicant improvement (p<0.05) was observed in study group, when compared with placebo group. A signicant decrease in vaginal pH and
increase in Maturation Index observed in women treated with DHEA.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN QUALITY OF SLEEPAND OTHER PARAMETERS IN
PATIENTS WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.
Authors: Mishra Umesh kr. , Tiwari Sunita , Rungta Sumit , Mishra Pooja , Akhtar Gulam
Published: March 2021

Background: Night time reux has been shown to be associated with fragmented sleep. However, few studies have assessed the quality of sleep on
gastroesophageal reux and the impact of gastroesophageal reux on reported quality of sleep and quality of sleep on gastroesophageal reux. The
aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of sleep and other parameters in patients with gastroesophageal reux disease.50 Subjects with
typical GERD symptoms ≥3 times a week and All subjects were administered 3 questionnaires: PSQI , ESS, GERD-HRQL . All the subjects
underwent nocturnal polysomnography and completed a all 3 questionnaire before NPSG.
Results: Overall ,the mean percentage of N1 was 9.10±9.74 ,N2 was 83.97±13.81 , N3 was 3.44±4.16 , N4 was 0.60±2.04 , REM was 2.14±3.79 ,
PSQI was 12.48±1.23 , ESS was 11.80±0.76 , TST (hr) was 5.19±0.74 , SPT(hr) was 6.58±0.77 , sleep efciency(%) was 52.50±27.16 , Latency
(mint) was 22.79±30.85 , REM Latency (mints) was 96.99±151.86 ,and Microarousal index was 36.05±25.93 . To assess the potential impact of
sleep quality via nocturnal polysomnography on severity of gastroesophageal reux , we performed correlations between the GERD questionnaire
and nocturnal polysomnography reports . We observed that PSQI(r= -0.285, p<0.045) , ESS(r=0.206, p=0.05) , N1(r=0.202 , p>0.160) , N2(r=-
0.045 ,p>0.758) , N3(r=-0.079, p>0.583) , N4(r-0.209 ,p>0.145),REM(r=0.045 ,p>0.756) , TST(r=0.036 ,p>0.803), SPT(r=0.015,p>0.917) , Sleep
Efciency (r=-0.113,p>0.435) , Sleep Latency (r=-0.045 ,p>0.756), REM Latency (r=0.165, p >0.253), Microarousal index (r=0.058 , p>0.683).
Conclusions: Gastroesophageal reux disease and sleep disorders are extremely prevalent conditions, and it seems intuitive that there must be
some overlap between the two. Sleep disorders may in fact be one of the most prevalent of the extraesophageal complications of GERD and often
goes unrecognized.
High Performance CNTENFET with K/PPy/CNT nanocomposite biosensing layer for Cholesterol Detection
Authors: Keshwani Gaurav , Dutta Jiten Chandra
Published: March 2021

We have reported a high-performance dual gated
carbon nanotube enzyme modified field-effect transistor (CNT-ENFET) for
cholesterol detection. To improve the
device performance, we have used dual-gate design with high κ dielectric as top
gate and low κ dielectric as bottom gate and a nanocomposite of potassium doped
carbon nanotube with polypyrrole (K/PPy/CNT) as the biosensing membrane. The
device exhibited a good sensitivity (~1.0 V/decade), low response time (~1 s),
wide dynamic range (0.1 - 25) mM, wide linear range (2-20 mM), low detection
limit (0.11 mM), good stability (7 months) and high selectivity (interference
~1.8 %).
Optimal feedforward torque control for nonlinear induction machines considering stator & rotor copper losses and current & voltage limits
Authors: Hackl Christoph , Thommessen Andre
Published: March 2021

In order to analytically solve the optimal feed-
forward torque control (OFTC) problem of induction machines (IMs), the unified theory for synchronous machine introduced in [1] is extended by considering relevant IM nonlinearities and incorporating stator and rotor copper losses. Instead of the well known Maximum Torque per (stator) Current (MTPC) operation strategy, Maximum Torque per (copper) Losses (MTPL Cu ) is realized and extended by the Maximum (rotor) Current (MC r, ext ) strategy due to stator and rotor current limitations. Modeling magnetic saturation and cross-coupling effects leads to a con-
strained nonlinear optimization problem which is solved based on the idea of sequential quadratic programming (SQP). The second order Taylor approximations are formulated in implicit form as quadrics. Applying the Lagrangian formalism to the quadratic problem leads to analytical solution for the optimal rotor currents. For a doubly-fed induction machine (DFIM), a decision tree for optimal operation management is presented and the OFTC is validated in simulations for a real nonlinear IM.
Analysis and Zonation of Land Vulnerability Areas in Pekon Karangrejo Ulubelu Tanggamus Using Microzonation Method
Authors: Rananda Eko , Prabowo Lintang , Prabowo Arief Putih , Rasimeng Syamsurijal , Yogi Ida Bagus Suananda
Published: March 2021

Abstract.Ulubelu Tanggamus is an area that have geothermal energy potential. This region consists of a geological structure in the form of graben and reverse fault formed between Mount Rendingan and Mount Kukusan. Identifications that can be done include surveys to map soil characteristics in shaking responses using microzonation methods. This study aims to analyze the values ​​of dominant frequency, dominant period, Vs30 and amplification. The stages of the research carried out are processing data to obtain dominant frequency, calculating the value of the dominant period, calculating the value of Vs30 and the amplification value, and making a map of the soil vulnerability of the UlubeluTanggamus area. Based on the distribution of the dominant frequency values, the UlubeluTanggamus geothermal area is dominated by a dominant Frequency (F0) >0.5Hz which is expected to be a very thick surface thickness of sediments more than 30m. The distribution of the dominant period value obtained is (T0)>1 where the character of the sedimentary rock type is very soft consisting of alluvial material formed from sedimentation of deltas, top soil, and mud. The distribution of the Vs30 value is dominated by the value of 100 <Vs30<200 and obtains an amplification value of 2<A0<6 times where the area is an area with a moderate risk category to the danger of soil vulnerability.
The Application of Wave – Equation Datuming to 3D VSP Processing
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Husni Mubarak
Published: March 2021

Abstrak

Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) memperluas aplikasi seismik lubang bor dari hubungan 1D antara waktu-kecepatan hingga citra 2D atau 3D di sekitar lubang bor. Citra seismik yang dihasilkan dari VSP diharapkan memiliki resolusi vertikal yang lebih tinggi dari data seismik permukaan karena gelombang seismik direkam di dalam lubang bor. Namun, pengolahan data VSP 2D dan 3D memiliki tantangan karena sifat asimetri dari penjalaran gelombang membatasi untuk diterapkannya pengolahan data berbasis Common Mid Point (CMP) seperti analisis kecepatan, Normal Moveout (NMO), dan koreksi statik. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan sebuah pendekatan baru untuk mentransformasikan rekaman gelombang P pantul atau upgoing wavefields ke sebuah datum datar di permukaan berbasis persamaan gelombang. Transformasi tersebut menghasilkan gelombang seismik yang seolah-olah direkam pada pseudo-reveiver di permukaan bumi sehingga pendekatan penglahan data berbasis CMP dapat diterapkan. Konsep ini kemudian diterapkan pada sebuah data VSP 3D yang diakuisisi dengan geophone yang ditempatkan sangat dekat dengan permukaan. Hasil pemodelan elastik 2D menunjukkan bahwa gelombang seismik pantul sangat dipengaruhi zona kecepatan rendah di dekat permukaan. Jarak yang jauh antara reflektor target dengan geophone menghasilkan rasio sinyal terhadap bising yang rendah. Kondisi desain akuisisi ini sangat mempengaruhi hasil akhir dari citra VSP 3D. Walaupun begitu, citra VSP 3D yang dihasilkan berdasarkan hasil transformasi gelombang P upgoing ini menunjukkan korelasi yang cukup baik dengan data seismik permukaan di zona reservoir.

Kata kunci: 3D VSP, transformasi datum, persamaan gelombang, gelombang pantul, pemodelan
صعوبات تدريس كتاب الاجتماعيات للصف الخامس الابتدائي في محافظة بغداد من وجهة نظر المعلمين
Authors: غض أ.م.د. حميد قاسم
Published: March 2021

يرمي البحث الحالي إلى معرفة صعوبات تدريس كتاب الاجتماعيات للصف الخامس الابتدائي من وجهة نظر المعلمين ، ولتحقيق هدف البحث أعّد الباحث استبانة كانت في صورتها النهائية متكونة من (33) فقرة موزعة على (5) مجالات هي (الأهداف ، محتوى المادة ، طرائق التدريس ، التلاميذ ، التقويم) ، وزعت على عينة البحث المؤلفة من معلمي المادة والبالغة عددهم(370) معلما ومعلمة ، وقد تأكد الباحث من صدق الأداة (الاستبانة) عن طريق عرضها على مجموعة من الخبراء والمحكمين ، وتأكد من ثباتها عن طريق اعادة تطبيق الاستبانة على عينة من المعلمين والمعلمات ، أما البيانات فقد عولجت إحصائياً لاستخراج النتائج باستعمال معامل ارتباط بيرسون والوسط المرجح والوزن المئوي ، وأظهرت النتائج وجود صعوبات تدريسية تواجه المعلمين في مادة الاجتماعيات.

وفي ضوء النتائج أوصى الباحث بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات منها :

ضرورة استعمال الوسائل التعليمية وطرائق التدريس الحديثة في عملية التدريس.

إجراء دراسة مماثلة في مواد دراسية أُخَر.`
الشعائر الحسينية ونظائرها في الديانة المسيحية
Authors: بدر الدفاعي أ.د. دنيا علوان
Published: March 2021

إنَّ الاختلاف في الدين سُنة قدّرها الله U , لغاية جليلة هي الابتلاء والاختبار , قوله تعالى: ((وَلَوْ شَاءَ رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ النَّاسَ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً ۖ وَلَايَزَالُونَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ إِلَّا مَن رَّحِمَ رَبُّكَ)).وليس من شك من مقاصد الديانتين ( الاسلام , المسيحية ) هي تربية الانسان  تربية دينية ,واعداده اعداداً روحياً , وفكرياً , ومادياً , وعلية فإن البحث يهدف الى ايجاد أرضية مشتركة بين الاطراف المختلفة من المسلمين والمسيحيين في الشعائر , او الليتورجيا, وهذا من اساليب التعايش الاسلامي المسيحي , لوضع قاعدة مشتركة بين الديانتين وصيانتها بسياج من الاحترام المتبادل، وإنّ ما دفعني اليه الشبهة القائلة:(( إنَّ اغلب روايات الشعائر الحسينية مضمونها اسرائيلي شبيه لما لدى النصارى من أنه المسيح قُتل؛ ليكفر عن ذنوب أمته , وكذلك الامام الحسين u قُتل ؛ ليكفر عن ذنوب شيعته الى يوم القيامة )).وللرّد على هذه الشبهة سلكت المنهج المقارن بالبحث عن التماثل والتضاد بين شعائر المسلمين, والليتورجيا المسيحيين , وقد جاء البحث على مقدمة ومبحثين , وتناولت في المبحث الاول: الشعائر الحسينية في الاسلام موزعة على ثلاثة مطالب : الشعيرة لغة واصطلاحا ,ومشروعية تعظيم الشعائر وحرمة انتهاكها , والثالث : الشعائر الحسينية ذاتها. اما البحث الثاني : فكان موزع على أربعة مطالب : الليتورجيا لغة واصطلاحا , والثاني :الاساس التشريعي لليتورجيا , والثالث: الليتورجيا في الديانة المسيحية , أما في المطلب الرابع فقد استجليت نقاط التقارب بين الديانتين , ثم تلاه خاتمة بأهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث.
لادانێن زمانى یێن ئاستێ ڕسته‌سازیێ دهۆزانێن ( سالح یوسفى ) دا
Authors: خليل م.كاوان أسماعيل , احمد م.دولت محمد
Published: March 2021

ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ لە‌رباره‌ى (لادانێن زمانى یێن ئاستێ ڕسته‌سازیێ دهۆزانێن ( سالح یوسفى ) دا )یه‌، كو وه‌كى نمونه‌ك ژهۆزانڤانێن سه‌رده‌مێ خۆ هاتیه‌ وه‌رگرتن ، چونكى دڤێ قۆناغێدا هۆزانڤانێن  باشورێ كوردستانێ ب گشتى مل ب ملێ ئێك و دو پشكداربون دوێ بزاڤێدا كو بارودۆخ و ڕه‌وشا ژیانا وى وه‌ختى ئه‌گه‌رێ سه‌ره‌كى بو بۆ ڤێ چه‌ندێ.      گرنگییا ڤێ ڤه‌كۆلینێ د ڤێ چه‌ندێ دا دیاردبیت كو ڤه‌كۆلینه‌كا كاره‌كییا شیكارییه‌ ئه‌ڤه‌ ژلایه‌كى ڤه‌ ، ژلایه‌كێ دیڤه‌ ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ هاریكاره‌كێ باشه‌ بۆ هه‌ر ڤه‌كۆله‌ره‌كى كو د هه‌ردو بوارێن ڤه‌كۆلینێن زمانى و ئه‌ده‌بیدا ب گشتى هه‌ولاخۆ دده‌ت.
جوانكاری لە چامەی (بەحری نووری)ی مەحویدا
Authors: عمر م. م. حسن علي
Published: March 2021

مەحوی یەکێک لە شاعیرە دیار و بەناوباگەکانی کلاسیزمی کوردی، ئەم توێژینەوەیە كار لە سەر هونەرە جوانكارییە ڕەوانبێژییەكان دەكات لە (بەحر نوور)دا، هونەرە جوانكارییەكانیش لەدوو ئاستی جوانكارییدا چامەكەی (مەحوی)یان ڕەنگڕێژ كردووە، ئەوانیش جوانكاریی وشەیی و واتایین، جوانكاریی وشە كاردەكات لە سەر ڕازاندنەوەی ڕووخساری وشە، جوانكاری واتاییش كار لە جوانكردنی دەربڕینەكان و واتای وشەكان دەكات، جوانكاری بەدیارترین و بەرفراوانترین هونەرە ڕەوانبێژییەكان دادەنرێت، كە پانتایەكی زۆری لە هونەری شیعریدا بۆخۆی گرتووە، بۆیە دەتوانین بڵێین هەر ئەو پایە گرنگەیە كە جوانكاری وایكردووە زۆرترین بیروڕای جیاواز لەلایەن نووسەرو ڕەخنەگرانەوە، مەحویش یەكێكن لەو شاعیرە سەركەوتووانە كەبەشێوەیەكی بەرفراوان هونەرە جوانكارییەكانی بەكارهێناوە.
هونه‌ری چواندن له‌ شیعره‌كانی (گۆران)دا
Authors: احمد م.م. مريوان حمه كريم
Published: March 2021

چواندن به‌یه‌كێك له‌گرنگترین هونه‌ره‌كانی ڕوانبێژی له‌قه‌ڵه‌م ده‌درێت، كه ‌پانتاییه‌كی گه‌وره‌ی له‌ناو هونه‌ره‌كانی ڕه‌وانبێژیدا بۆ خۆی داگیركردووه‌. وه‌ كۆنترین هونه‌ره‌ كه‌ پێش په‌یدابوونی زانستی ڕه‌وانبێژی خه‌ڵكی له‌گفتوگۆی ڕۆژانه‌یاندا به‌كاریان هێنابێت، هه‌ر له‌سه‌ره‌تایی نووسینی شیعره‌وه‌ ده‌ست بۆ ئه‌م هونه‌ره‌ درێژكراوه‌ ، و شیعری پێ ڕازێنراوه‌ته‌وه‌، بێگومان هه‌تاكو ئه‌و ڕۆژه‌ی شیعر بنووسرێت و به‌رده‌وام بێت شاعیران ناتوانن ده‌ستبه‌رداری ئه‌م هونه‌ره‌ ببن.      ئێمه‌ له‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌دا ویستوومانه‌ ( هونه‌ری چواندن ) په‌یوه‌ست به‌ده‌قه‌ شیعرییه‌كانی یه‌كێك له‌دیارترین شاعیرانی كورد و ڕابه‌ری نوێكردنه‌وه‌ی شیعری كوردی كه‌ ( عه‌بدوڵڵا گۆران )، بخه‌ینه‌ڕوو، شاعیر به‌شێوازێكی به‌رفراوان ئه‌م هونه‌ره‌ی له‌ ده‌قه ‌شیعرییه‌كاندا به‌كارهێناوه‌ و‌ توانیویه‌تی وێنه‌ی شیعری زۆر جوانی پێ بنه‌خشێنێت و داهێنانی تێدا بكات، به‌شێوازێك كه‌ پێشتر له‌ئه‌ده‌بی كوردیدا نه‌بینرابێت. وه‌رگرتنی هونه‌ری چواندن و به‌تایبه‌ت په‌یوه‌ست كردنی به‌ده‌قه‌ شیعرییه‌كانی ئه‌م شاعیره‌وه‌، پێشتر كاری له‌سه‌ر نه‌كراوه، بۆیه‌ ئێمه‌ له‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌دا هه‌وڵمانداوه‌، سه‌رجه‌م ئه‌و جۆرانه‌ی (هونه‌ری چواندن) كه‌ شاعیر به‌كاری هێناوه‌، له‌‌ناوی ده‌قه‌ شیعرییه‌كانییه‌وه‌ بخه‌ینه‌ڕوو . توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌ خۆی له‌دووبه‌شی سه‌ره‌كیدا ده‌بینێته‌وه‌، له‌به‌شی یه‌كه‌مدا له‌پاش ناساندن و پێناسه‌كردنی هونه‌ری چواندن بنه‌ڕه‌ته‌كانی چواندنمان خستوه‌ته‌ڕوو، هه‌روه‌ها به‌شێك له‌ گرنگترین ئه‌و ئامرازانه‌ی چواندن كه‌ گۆران زۆر به‌كاری هێناون له‌نموونه‌ی شیعریدا خستوومانه‌ته‌ ڕوو، له‌به‌شی دووه‌می توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌دا، سه‌ره‌تا جۆره‌كانی چواندن به‌پێی هاتن و نه‌هاتنی بنه‌ڕه‌ته‌ لاوه‌كییه‌كان و دواتر جۆره‌كانی چواندن به‌پێی هه‌ستی ژیری په‌یوه‌ست به‌نموونه‌ی شیعری شاعیره‌وه‌ خستومانه‌ته ‌ڕوو، له‌پاشان جۆره‌كانی چواندنمان به‌ پێی چۆنییه‌تی لاكان و ژماره‌ی لاكان باس كردووه‌ و نمونه‌ی شیعری شاعیرمان بۆ هێناوه‌ته‌وه‌.
The Effect of Using PBLA on Iraqi EFL Academic Students` Learning Achievement
Authors: خليل د. ايلاف رياض
Published: March 2021

Assessment should give more attention on the learning achievement of the curriculum.  Portfolio- based learning assessment (PBLA) is utilized in language learning materials recently .It is assessment tools to test the  learners’  learning  for instance  open-ended  problem  solving,  and creative and critical thinking, imaginative, reflective, have the capacity to apply their information in new issues, and to express oral and composing. This paper aims to discover the impact of utilizing (PBLA) on students’ performance at College of Education (Ibn –Rushd) in English Department the third stage. To fulfill the aim, a sample of the study is (64) EFL students of two groups. The study used a test and an instrument design .The test group utilize the (PBLA),the other group utilize traditional way. After the calculated the posttest of both groups connoted that the positive PBLA effect on learners` achievement. After that, survey has administered to test group. The findings showed utilizing of the (PBLA) had good effect of students' learning achievement. Setting up conclusion, suggestions and recommendation.
Comedy of Menace in Harold Pinter’s The Birthday Party Instructor: Basaad Maher Mhayyal
Authors: محيل م. بسعاد ماهر
Published: March 2021

Harold Pinter’s The Birthday Party (1957) clearly portrays the condition of modern man where there is a real communication failure among the characters. Through this play, Pinter tries his best to reflect this fact. He uses a lot of pauses and silences, i.e., the usage of language is no more significant to modern man. Pinter considers silence to be more powerful than the words themselves. That’s why long and short pauses can be seen throughout all Pinter’s plays. Modern man has been living in a state of alienation. All the characters are isolated by their own desire not to communicate with each other and to lock themselves away from the world. They are unable to express their feelings. Therefore modern man has buried himself in life just like the character of )Stanley( in this play who has buried himself in the boarding house in an attempt to be away from his own society after being rejected as a pianist by the people of that society. The play deals with human deterioration and the process of death. The disaster in the play does not lie in the idea of death, but in the more terrible state of being dead in life, as in )Stanley(’s case, who hides himself in a room ceasing all his relationships with life outside. This paper deals with Harold Pinter as a well-known British playwright who has his own unique style that is called Pinteresque, his language, and how he uses silences and pauses in his play The Birthday Party. It consists of an abstract, Pinter’s comedy of menace, his play The Birthday Party, and a conclusion
Gender Differences in Early Communication, Language Acquisition and Development: A Descriptive Study
Authors: سعيد م. د. رشا عبد الرضا
Published: March 2021

Parents pay a significant attention to the first words children utter. However, first words are not the actual beginning of communication. Much earlier, babies begin to communicate their feeling via making eye contact, pointing, crying, squealing, and other gestures. Furthermore, they perceive language earlier than making others understand them. The aim of this paper is to tackle the variations between the two sexes starting from the stages of language acquisition in normal children, the differences between the two genders in language vocalization within each stage. Next, the distinctions in acquiring a particular communicative competence and the causes behind this difference will be tackled. It has been found that femals show superiority in bubbling, uttering the first word, number of vocabularies, sentence complexity, and clarity of articulation; however, the difference is only one- or two-months exceedance and it disappears by the age of four. Moreover, some domains of superiority in grammar and spelling disappear in adolescence. It is also found that parents play a vital role in the accelerating language acquisition. Boys are more physically played with by the fathers, while girls are more talked to verbally by mothers. Psychological studies of language acquisition argue that girls’ brain develops certain aspects of language faster than the boys’ and vice versa, other aspects are more developed in boys than in girls. Finally, differences in the communicative competence are caused by the styles that children acquire from their parents and/or peer groups
Investigating the Contextual Meaning of Idioms of Animals in Some Selected English Colloquial Utterances
Authors: Farhan Mahmood Atiya
Published: March 2021

English is rich of idioms. Learning idioms is considered an integral part of vocabulary learning. Idioms of animals are very popular in everyday English and ESL and EFL learners should encounter them .The problem of this study is due to the fact that ESL and EFL learners may be unable to identify the intended meaning of idioms of animals since they are culture-bound and have colloquial sense. For example, “to beat a dead horse” has the abstract meaning  talk about a topic other people think it is over whereas the contexual meaning is a failure or loser man. The current paper aims at identifying and figuring out the contextual meaning of idioms of animal. It is concluded:(1)ESL and EFL learners are unable to master these idioms because understanding their contextual meaning is difficult,(2) these idioms are culture-specific matter that needs further awareness of translators, ESL and EFL learners,(3)many ESL and EFL learners understand the literal meaning depending on dictionary meaning
الشكوى في شعر أبي إسحق الغزّي(441هـ-524هـ )
Authors: الحمود أ.د. نجية فايز
Published: March 2021

يتمحور موضوع هذا البحث حول موضوعٍ نقديّ يُحلّل فيه مضمون)الشكوى في شعر أبي اسحق الغزيّ: دراسة موضوعية فنية( حيث أكثر الشاعر من شكوى خطوب الزمان ونوائبه، وتقلّب أحواله، وجهله بقيمة البشر؛ ليجدَ الزمان خيرَ واعظٍ له، وأسدى طريق هداية له. فثمة تعدد واضح في أغراض الشكوى في شعره؛ فتارة نجده قد شكا من الغربة، ومن البخل والفقر اللذيْن فرضتهما ظروف الحياة العامة في زمانه، وأحواله الخاصة  التي عاشها. وتطرق البحث- فضلاً عما سبق- إلى شكوى أخرى متصّلة بسمات اجتماعيّة كانت قد امتازت بها الحياة الاجتماعية ؛ فقد شكا جفاء الناس، وشدة غلظتهم، وكثرة نفاقهم الاجتماعي، ثمّ شكا كساد الشعر في زمانه، وعدم تقدير السامعين له من الملوك والوزراء والحكام، فما منحوه  مكانة مرموقة في مجالسهم الأدبية درجة علوّ مكانته الشعرية التي انماز بها، ولا قرّبوه في المجالس ولا في العطايا.ورصد البحث  أبرز الخصائص الفنية في شعر الغزيّ، فلُحِظَ أنّه أجاد  في معانيه جودة  مودِّع الدّرّ في الصّدف على حدّ قوله، ولغته جزلةٌ ألفاظها، وصوره الشعرية رسمها بإبداع محكم، وتناصّه الدينيّ  وافرةٌ اقتباساته من القرآن الكريم لفظاً ومعنى، واستلهامه للموروث الأدبي - من شعر السابقين-  بارزةٌ آثاره الفنية الشعرية  في شعره كثيرًا، وتوظيفه الأمثال الشعبية في حنايا أبياته الشعريّة توظيفًا رائقاً  دلالةً وتركيبا. ولعلّ أكثر ما يميز شعره كثرة  مبالغته في رسم أوصافه الشعريّة، وعقدِ تشبيهاته الفنيّة.
تطابق اندیشه¬ها و باورهای کلامی – حکمی ابن شبل بغدادی و فردوسی
Authors: مزهر جبر أ.م .د. رحيم
Published: March 2021

یکی از سخنورانی که در ادب تازی ظهور کرده، امّا رسماً او را به شاعری نمی­شناخته­اند، حسین بن عبدالله بن شبل بغدادی است، که تقریباً، هفتاد سال پس از فردوسی می­زیسته است. برخلاف ابن شبل، فردوسی یکی از بزرگ­ترین و شناخته شده­ترین شاعران فارسی زبانِ ایرانی است، که البته پیوسته نام او با عنوان حکیم آمیخته بوده است. در این مقاله، تلاش نویسندگان  بر این بوده که بدون وارد شدن به نقد مفاهیم و درونمایه­های شعر دو شاعر،  سنجشی میان اندیشه­ها و باورهای کلامی – حکمی این دو شاعر انجام دهند، تا قرابت و نزدیکی فکری این دو، هر چه بیشتر روشن گردد. در این فرصت مفاهیمی چون: نقش سپهر در هستی، ناکارآمدی خرد، مرگ و بدبینی، وجود شرّ در هستی، پیوند آدم و جبر و اختیارِ آدمی؛ در نظرگاه دو شاعر بر رسیده خواهد شد.این دو شاعر خود را اسیر خدای زمان(زروان) می­بینند. دهر را قدیم ذاتی و زمانی می­دانند و با بدبینی، سرانجام آدمی را رنج و مرگ عنوان می­کنند.
دلالة الصوت اللغوي في اللغة العربية
Authors: Nasser Abdulsada Asst. Prof. Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Phonaesthemes are a set of sound-inspired meanings in a language. They represent words, nouns, adjectives, or verbs whose general meaning is related. The present paper sheds light on this area by investigating phonaesthemes in Standard Arabic through a broader consideration of all the possible syllables and sound sequences which are expressive of phonaesthemes. There exist in Standard Arabic certain sound syllables, mainly initial ones, that manifest a noticeable similarity in meaning and this paper attempts at investigating this area. Firstly, phonaesthemes are introduced as to definition, history, and cross-linguistic familiarity. Then, phonaesthemes in Standard Arabic are listed along with a broader discussion. Finally, a few conclusions, results, and implications are proposed at the end of the research.
آفاق لغوية لتشرب المستحدثات من المرمز الاوائلي في الترجمة الرمزية من الانكليزية نحو العربية
Authors: M. Hussein Prof. Rafi' , Jasim Al-Shamary Dr. Khalid
Published: March 2021

So many readers are avid in the demarcation of neologistic (hereinafter neos) abbreviations, acronyms and initialism. Sometimes one might be baffled with the influx of these formations due to their inconsistency or multiplefaced constructions. To debaffle such rather enigmatic rebus a linguistic explanation and analysis of acronymized syllabification is conducted hoping to show how they work. The way in which we envision the lullabies codified might be moxic rather than handy in accessing the effigies fresco and surplus communicative value of each. Being linguistically fluctuated we opt for general viewing for the acronymized structured by texters who, it happened, are more adept at manipulating their nuances rather than other textees. The one-man-kit for mollifying such lottery of rebus is the next texting where the offspring of the occasion are euphoric. Being rejected or milked, one should surf their influx and probe their morphological building.