bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psicólogos en el frente: la atención durante la crisis del Covid-19. De las emociones tóxicas a la salud psicológica
Authors: Rodríguez Ceberio Marcelo
Published: September 2020

Objetivos: sobre el marco de la pandemia del COVID-19 y la consecuente cuarentena, esta investigación tuvo por objetivo recolectar las principales intervenciones –“facilitadores”- que han realizado los psicólogos clínicos durante la cuarentena (4 meses). Materiales y métodos: es un estudio cualitativo, donde se seleccionó una muestra de 30 psicólogos psicoterapeutas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), de ambos sexos, con 10 a 30 años de experiencia clínica y de diferentes filiaciones terapéuticas, a través de un muestreo no probabilístico, intencional, basado en el conocimiento del investigador sobre la población de profesionales bajo estudio. Se privilegió la experiencia clínica, a la edad, género y modelo terapéutico. Se les formuló una pregunta concreta acerca de ¿cuáles fueron las principales intervenciones que realizaron con sus pacientes a la altura de 4 meses de cuarentena (20 al 30 de julio de 2020), enumerando y explicando un mínimo de 5 (cinco). Resultados: los facilitadores fueron agrupados en categorías por similitudes de intervención y contenido explicativo. De los 150 obtenidos, uniendo las diferentes y descartando las reiteraciones, se seleccionaron 15. Conclusiones: las intervenciones unen filosofía reflexiva de vida y acciones concretas para cambiar, apoyándose en algunos puntos comunes como la perspectiva de atribución de significado positivo por sobre las cosas, personas o situaciones, el empoderamiento y la seguridad, evitar climas beligerantes, crear y hacer proyectos a futuro, mejorar las relaciones con el entorno conviviente, reducir la incertidumbre y niveles de agresión, incertidumbre, angustia y ansiedad.
Impact of the Corona Pandemic on Household Welfare in Cameroon
Authors: Meh BIN Joachem , Ofeh Moses A. , CHE Sergeo Beng
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) on household welfare in Cameroon. This was done using data from a survey of 264 households in Cameroon in 2020. A linear regression model and Heckman sample correction bias were used and the results showed that COVID-19 reduces household welfare in Cameroon. These findings have implications of reducing the impact of COVID-19 on household welfare if households should develop new sources of income and food strategies by engaging more on agricultural activities and government can take a strategy of allocating grants either by reducing the cost of necessities (water, electricity, foodstuff, and housing). The triple helix approach where government, institutions of technology, and businesses should develop a vaccine for the pandemic to bring back economic life to normal.
Analysis of the Dilemma and Strategies of Elderly Patients Access to Outpatient Services - Based on the Examples from three Grade A Tertiary Hospitals in Jiangxi Province
Authors: Wang Zheng , Xu Mengyun , Zou Zhiyan
Published: September 2020

Objective: To identify the dilemma of elderly patients' access to outpatient services, develop strategies to improve the environment and functions of the outpatient department, and encourage the elderly to access medical services independently. Methods: By observing and interviewing, this paper studies the environment, behavior, and experiences of elderly patients when accessing medical services, identifies and classifies the key issues, and provides corresponding suggestions. Results: Existing signs and voice prompt systems fail to guide elderly patients to access to medical services; Elderly patients have difficulty in finding places to transit and rest when accessing to outpatient services; Elderly patients have problems in using AI (artificial intelligence) technologies when they access to outpatient services; There are communication barriers between elderly patients and medical staffs. Conclusion: Optimizing the guiding signs and voice prompt systems according to the characteristics of elderly patients; Designing the areas of transition and rest reasonably; Enhancing the ability of elderly patients to use self-service equipment; Promoting the medical treatment process to the elderly in a humanized way.
Philosophy of Gerontology from the Past to the Future in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Ryo
Published: September 2020

Gerontology, as the study of aging, is not only an interdisciplinary and intra disciplinary study, but also an international and inter-professional study, to create awareness on the concept among people, throughout the globe. The philosophy of Gerontology is a practical philosophy to explore the nature of humanity itself and to practice learning. Gerontology is a science as well as human philosophy. That is to say, studies of practical application, seeking various ways of life that can help human beings live in peace and tranquility. When the scientific studies are approached globally in various languages and cultures, seeking the true meaning of life, people can be of one and the same ideal. Gerontology is also part of Science and Technology.
تحصين الذات : وتكامل الاداء والاستراتيجي الروسي دراسة في دوائر التوجه الجيوسياسي " لمرحلة الرئيس بوتين"
Authors: ابراهيم م.م.انمار علي
Published: September 2020

شهدت روسيا الاتحادية في المرحلة التي عقبت الانهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي عام 1991 إنتكاسة في الاداء الاستراتيجي العام للدولة، حيث مرتً بمرحلة تخبط في الأداء بين التوجه نحو اوربا في حقبة الرئيس بوريس يلسن (1991- 1999)، او تغير التوجه نحو اوراسيا، اذ تمكنت روسيا الاتحادية عقب تولي الرئيس فلاديمير بوتين عام 2000 السلطة، من اعادة بناء ذات الدولة والحفاظ على الوحدة الوطنية وتماسكها الاجتماعي، فضلا عن بناء عقيدة عسكرية مرحلية احدثت انتقلات واضحة في الفكر الاستراتيجي الروسي وتوجهاته المستقبلية نحو المناطق ذات الاهمية الازلية في المدرك الاستراتيجي الروسي، وإنطلاقا من جملة دوافع قوامها: ودوافع تاريخية ودوافع امنية، جنبا الى الدافع السياسي: تمكن الرئيس بوتن من تحقيق الوجود في مناطق ذات الطابع الاستراتيجي في التوجه الروسي الجديد بغية استعادة المكانة العالمية، فجاء ضم شبه جزير القرم 2014، كأحد أهم الانتقالات الاستراتيجية عبر فتح بوابة التوجه الجديد بأتجاه البحر الابيض المتوسط من خلال اطلاته الجديدة على البحر الاسود وتحقيق الوجود في المياه الدافئة في سوريا، جنبا الى الانفتاح الاقليمي على منطقة اسيا الوسطى.
The Requirement of the National Democratic project in Iraq post Daesh Terrorist Group Stage
Authors: عمران أ.م.د.عمر جمعة
Published: September 2020

This study aims at re-transmit the spirit of the national democratic project of Iraq post of the chaos left by the Daesh terrorist group stage(The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, ISIS) , Which controlled large parts of Iraq, and had an adverse effect on the political scene in Iraq, inspired everyone that there are deficiencies in the political, economic, religious and ethnic structure of the Iraqi people in non-response to democratic thought.The researcher relied on the hypothesis that " the requirements of building a democratic project are based on the need to provide the requirements ranging from two interrelated aspects, like the institutional aspect and the aspect that related to the general and necessary requirements for the establishment of democracy in society, in which the principles of majority rule, the rule of law, authority concentration on the principles of the people's rule , and the rights of individuals guaranteed". This study utilized systematic analysis approach, historical approach,and the inductive approach undertaking the research. Government reports, statutes and laws were likewise hotspots for essential information in this review. Optional information was fundamentally from scholastic works, for example, books, diary articles, and theses. The results revealed that the model of building democratic Iraqi society post-ISIS needs primarily the government integrated system that includes principles, institutions and mechanisms that control the process of identifying options, making public decisions and the circulation of power periodically, In addition to balancing between rights and duties which can considered as the one of the main characteristic of democracy in order to achieve and developing security and stability in Iraq .
دور متغير الثقافة الاستراتيجية في المفاوضات (بريكست أنموذجاً)
Authors: حميد أ.م.د.علي حسين , عبدالله د.علي زياد
Published: September 2020

المفاوضات تتميز، بأنها وسيلة سهلة، وبسيطة بين الأطراف المتنازعة، وهي أداة فاعلة في الوقت ذاته، إذ تسعى الأطراف المتنازعة التفاهم على أنجع السبل لحل نزاعاتها، لكن المفاوضات ليست دائما مناسبة لحل المنازعات الدولية، لاسيما عندما يكون هناك تفاوت في القوة بين الدول المتفاوضة، أو عندما يفتقد حسن النية، أو حتى عندما تنعدم أو تقل مرونة أحد الأطراف، وقد تؤدي الظروف الداخلية لإحدى الدول المتنازعة دورا سلبيا او ايجابياً في نجاح المفاوضات، بعيداً عن تأثير دور المتغيرات الخارجية في ذلك. ولا يخطئ من يعتقد،إن العملية التفاوضية تتأثر بجملة من المتغيرات الداخلية/ المجتمعية، والتي تمثل ثوابت عقائدية تتركز عليها الشخصية التفاوضية عند انطلاق جولاتها، فلو تفحصنا معظم المفاوضات الدولية التي تجري في نطاق ثنائي ومتعدد،نجد هناك سمة تأثير الشخصية التفاوضية في طبيعة الدائرة التفاوضية عن طريق المؤثرات الاجتماعية والمواريث العقائدية في عقيدة العنصر التفاوضي، اذ تتأثر التركيبة العقائدية بجملة من المدارات والثوابت، والتي تنعكس في طبيعة التعاطي التفاوضي إثناء عملية المفاوضات.
المرتكزات الفكرية السياسية للمجتمع المفتوح عند كارل بوبر
Authors: رحمه أ.م.د.محمد هاشم
Published: September 2020

يحاول هذا البحث دراسة المرتكزات الفكرية السياسية للمجتمع المفتوح عند المفكر البريطاني من أصل نمساوي كارل بوبر (1902-1994)، تم في المبحث الأول التطرق الى دلالة المجتمع المفتوح والمجتمع المغلق عند كارل بوبر، بينما في المبحث الثاني تمت دراسة الهندسة الاجتماعية اليوتوبية والتدرجية، في حين تم في المبحث الثالث دراسة النزعة العقلانية والحرية والفردية وكذلك ديمقراطية المساواة.
تطور العلاقات بين الكويت والاتحاد السوفييتي (1961-1991)
Authors: عبدالله ابو صليب د.فيصل مخيط
Published: September 2020

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة العلاقات بين دولة الكويت والاتحاد السوفييتي السابق خلال الفترة الزمنية (1961-1991)، من خلال البحث في العوامل التي دفعت الكويت إلى إبرام علاقات دبلوماسية مع موسكو في عام 1963، والبحث في تأثير المتغيرات المحلية والإقليمية والدولية في تطور العلاقات بين الكويت والاتحاد السوفييتي خلال هذه الفترة الزمنية. واعتمد البحث على المنهجين التحليلي والتاريخي في دراسة هذا الموضوع. وتوصل البحث إلى نتائج رئيسية أهمها: أن قرار الكويت إقامة علاقات دبلوماسية مع الاتحاد السوفييتي السابق في عام 1963 كان مدفوعاً بعوامل داخلية وإقليمية ودولية، أهمها المحدد التاريخي والجغرافي وطبيعة تركيبة النظام الدولي وأزمة التهديد العراقي فيما عُرِف ب "أزمة قاسم" (1961-1963)، والتي انتقلت إلى البعد الدولي من خلال استخدام الاتحاد السوفييتي لسلطة النقض "الفيتو" في مجلس الأمن الدولي ضد اقتراح قبول الكويت في منظمة الأمم المتحدة. كما كان للجماعات السياسية في الكويت مثل الجماعات الشيوعية والقومية تأثير، وإن كان محدوداً، في قرار الكويت إقامة علاقات متوازنة بين الشرق والغرب خلال فترة الحرب الباردة. ومن ناحيةٍ أخرى، فقد توصل البحث إلى أن هناك متغيرات وأحداث خارجية ساهمت في تطور العلاقات الكويتية السوفييتية خلال الفترة 1961-1991 أهمها "أزمة قاسم" (1961-1963)، والحرب العراقية الإيرانية (1980-1988)، والاحتلال العراقي للكويت (1990-1991). وتوصل البحث إلى نتيجة مفادها بأن العلاقات بين الكويت والاتحاد السوفييتي كانت في الغالب متأثرة بعاملين إقليمي ودولي، أحدهما "اللاعب أو المحدد العراقي"، وطبيعة علاقة التحالف الاستراتيجي بين الاتحاد السوفييتي والعراق خلال فترة الحرب الباردة. والآخر، هو "المحدد الأمريكي" وطبيعة النفوذ الأمريكي في منطقة الخليج العربي.
اشكالية التغيير السياسي في الجزائر
Authors: نبيل د.كريبش
Published: September 2020

يرمي البحث إلى دراسة أزمة التغيير السياسي انطلاقا من ثلاثة مراحل، الأولى تركز على أزمتي الشرعية السياسية والتأجيل الديمقراطي باعتبارهما مسألتان أساسيتان في تحليل ظاهرة الصراع على السلطة من خلال الجدلية القائمة بين مفهوم الشرعية التاريخية والهشاشة المؤسسية التي تطورت من الناحية الزمنية من بداية نشأة الدولة في عام 1962 إلى غاية مرحلة التعددية الحزبية ووقف المسار الانتخابي في مرحلة التسعينيات من القرن الماضي ، بينما تركز الثانية على مسألة احتكار السلطة في مرحلة ما بعد الإرهاب والمصالحة الوطنية وفقا لاعتبارات سياسية واجتماعية وأمنية كثيرة بغرض تمديد عمر النظام و تجنب مطالب التغيير السياسي التي أفرزتها ثورات الربيع العربي من خلال آليات شراء السلم الاجتماعي ومبررات سياسات التقشف المختلفة، أما المرحلة الثالثة فقد ركزت على مبررات رفض التغيير السياسي لأجل الاستمرارية في الحكم على اعتبار أن الأبعاد الصراعية والتمثيلية لمبررات رفض التغيير في مرحلة ما قبل نهاية حكم بوتفليقة لم تقتصر على مشكلات الطموح والصراع السياسي من أجل خلافة الرئيس وإنما تعدت إلى عوامل أخرى لأجل ضمان حماية المصالح عن طريق مساندة تمديد ولايته إلى فترة رئاسية خامسة .
النظام الرئاسي في تركيا بين الواقع والتحديات رؤية مستقبلية
Authors: نجم د.احمد مشعان
Published: September 2020

إن طبيعة النظام السياسي لأي دولة في النظام الدولي لا بد ان يكون لها تأثيراتها على سياسة الدولة سواء في الداخلية او الخارجية بشقيها الاقليمي والدولي, وتعد تركيا من بين اهم دول منطقة الشرق الاوسط التي لها مكانتها وفعاليتها في البيئة المحيطة بها, ومن هنا تأتي اهمية البحث في نظامها السياسي وانتقال السلطة فيها وتحوله من شكل النظام البرلماني الى النظام الرئاسي من تداعيات مهمة وتأثيرات متبادلة بين تركيا وبين دول المنطقة المحيطة بها من حيث مدى تحقيق الاستقرار السياسي في الداخل التركي من عدمه وكيف يمكن ان ينعكس ذلك ايجاباً او سلباً على الفواعل الاقليمين والدوليين في منطقة الشرق الاوسط والاقاليم القريبة منها.
تعد تركيا من بين أكثر دول الشرق الاوسط التي تأخذ بالنظام الديموقراطي وتبني العملية السلمية في انتقال السلطة, مما قد يشكل من الأهمية بمكان ان تكون أنموذجاً يحتذى به من قبل دول المنطقة في تحقيق الاستقرار السياسي وما يتبعه من استقرار اقتصادي واجتماعي-ثقافي وعسكري-أمني وغيرها من المستويات التي تتطلبها الدول في استقرارها وتحقيق اهدفها ومصالحها القومية, وقد شهد تركيا كدولة اقليمية مهمة وصاعدة في المنطقة الكثير من الدراسات البحثية والميدانية من قبل الأكاديميين والمختصين, سواء على مستوى السياسة الداخلية وطبيعة نظامها السياسي والمتغيرات المؤثرة بها أو السياسة الخارجية وعلاقاتها مع دول المنطقة والدول الاقليمية والدولية المحيطة بها ومع المنظمات الدولية, وكل من هذه الدراسات قد غطى جزءً حيوياً وجانباً مهماً وكل منها يعكس وجهة نظر صاحبها, لتشكل بمجموعها دائرة متناسقة لمتغيرات دولة اقليمية مهمة في الشرق الاوسط تبدأ من السياسة الداخلية وتنتهي بالسياسة الخارجية.
الدور الصيني – الروسي تجاه البرنامج النووي الإيراني (دراسة تحليلية في النشأة والتطور على وفق المتغيرات الدولية والافاق المستقبلية)
Authors: محمد م.م.زيدون سلمان , محمد م.م.محمد محي
Published: September 2020

مثل البرنامج النووي الايراني من أبرز القضايا في الساحة الدولية، في ظل أصرار إيران على استمكاله بشتى الطرق، ووفقاً للمتغيرات الدولية تعرضت الى ضغوط واسعة النطاق من الجانب الامريكي بفرض حزم من العقوبات، استمرت الى وقتنا هذا، فقد أتجهت ايران الى روسيا والصين لكسب الدعم في تطوير انشطتها النووية، وبحكم المصالح المشتركة التي ترتبط بينهما، فقد لاقت أيران دعماً كبيراً من الدولتين الاخيرة في المجالات كافة وصولا الى الاتفاقية النهائية في عام 2015، بشأن التأكيد على سلمية تلك الانشطة، أضافة الى رفع جميع القيود المتمثلة بالعقوبات السابقة على وفق قرارات مجلس الامن، فقد برز الدور الروسي والصيني الداعم في هذا الشأن، وخاصة بعد انسحاب الولايات المتحدة من الاتفاقية عام 2018، والانفراد بفرض العقوبات على إيران بدون تفويض دولي، الا أن الروس والصينيين أعلنوا رسميا مواصلة الدعم لايران، كون الاتفاقية السابقة حققت نجاحاً كبيراً في السيطرة على القدرات النووية الايرانية، لاسيما ان الاتفاقية وقعت على وفق توافق دولي .
افتتاحية العدد العراق وجائحة كورونا
Authors: علوان أ.م.د.بتول حسين
Published: September 2020

يواجه العالم اليوم ومن ضمنه العراق في ظل جائحة كورونا العديد من التحديات وعلى المستويات السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والصحية كافة، ما يتطلب وضع الحلول الناجعة لهذه التحديات.

وتعد الازمات أحد معايير اختبار كفاءة وفاعلية أي نظام سياسي، وقدرته في ادارة التعامل مع الازمة وتجاوز العواقب السلبية لها.

وتعد هذه الجائحة من أكبر الازمات التي يمرَّ بها العراق بسبب الوضع السياسي غير المستقر والاقتصاد المنهك وواقع الخدمات الصحية المتردية، ما انعكس سلباً على الوضع العراقي بوجه عام وعلى إدارة الأزمة بوجه خاص، وأدى الى زيادة مطردة في عدد المصابين بالفايروس الذي تمخض عنه توجيه الانتقادات الى المعالجات التي وضعتها خلية الأزمة.

وهذا يتطلب من الحكومة اعادة النظر في الكثير من سياساتها وبخاصة السياسات الاقتصادية والصحية، فضلاً عن اتخاذ القرارات الحاسمة فيما يتعلق بالجانب الأمني والاجتماعي، ولتحقيق ذلك ينبغي توظيف كل الإمكانيات والجهود لتجاوز الأزمة.
Resisting the Neoliberal Role Model: Latino Male Mentors’ Perspectives on the Intersectional Politics of Role Modeling
Authors: Singh Michael V.
Published: September 2020

This article reports on research with two Latino male youth workers who express strong criticism of their positioning as “positive” role models for struggling Latino boys in a Latino male mentorship program. Drawing from analytic frameworks attune to the intersectional politics of race and neoliberalism, this article centers the voices of these educators to raise important questions about the neoliberal logics commonly undergirding intervention strategies aimed at boys and young men of color. In particular, these youth workers outline the ways neoliberal notions of respectability and heteropatriarchy become the expected performances for Latino men working with Latino boys. They also describe the ways they resist the positive male role model label to challenge neoliberal definitions of Latino manhood.
PERAN NUKLIR KOREA UTARA SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN DIPLOMASI POLITIK INTERNASIONAL Oleh: Andi Purwono1 dan Ahmad Saifuddin Zuhri2
Authors: Ahmad Abdul
Published: September 2020

Korea Utara kembali menjadi sorotan dunia atas pengembangan program nuklirnya. Setelah mengambil langkah swasembada pangan dan nasionalisasi seluruh lahan dan industri, Korea Utara mengembangkan industri nuklir sebagai upaya memodernisasi persenjataan militernya. Korea Utara telah menjadikan nuklir sebagai instrumen diplomasi terhadap dunia internasional demi meraih kepentingan nasionalnya. Alasan Korea Utara menggunakan nuklir sebagai alat diplomasi adalah pertama, alasan rejim survive. Korea Utara menganggap efek deterrent kepemilikan kemampuan serang nuklir akan menggaransi kelangsungan hidup rejim Pyongyang yang tidak lain adalah rejim komunis yang masih ingin eksis di belahan bumi.Kedua, alasan ekonomi. Korut menggunakan program nuklirnya sebagai instrumen diplomasi untuk mendapat bantuan ekonomi. Adapun konsesi yang diberikan Korea Utara adalah seperti penghentian sementara program nuklirnya atau ijin inspeksi IAEA dilakukan dengan imbalan bantuan makanan dan bahan bakar dari Cina dan Korea Selatan, serta pembangunan reaktor nuklir sipil di Korea Utara oleh pihak Korea Selatan dan Jepang. Korea Utara bahkan meminta konsesi untuk sekedar hadir di meja perundingan, sebagaimana syarat Pyongyang agar Washington mencairkan rekening 25 juta dollar miliknya yang dibekukan di Makau tahun 2005 sebelum kembali ke meja perundingan.Ketiga, alasan keamanan. Bagi Korea Utara, program nuklirnya merupakan cara diplomasi yang efektif untuk membawa Amerika Serikat mengarah pada langkah negosiasi. Meskipun pada awalnya, tujuan penegembangan reaktor nuklir di Korea Utara ditujukan untuk penelitian. Namun seiring dengan berkembangnya dinamika politik internasional, Korea Utara pun menggunakan teknologi nuklir yang dimilikinya sebagai sebuah bentuk diplomasi koersif dalam rangka mencapai tujuan atau kepentingan nasionalnyawilayah dan keberadaan NKRI.
DISTRIBUTION STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS
Authors: DATTA JAYDIP
Published: September 2020

SEF CITATION ( https://encyclopedia.pub/2560 ) -The Image shows an hypothesis of Sigmoid Distribution with Boltzmann and Gaussiun Probability individually .The Sigmoid Probability is combined with Gaussiun Probability to get a new mathe-matical function called Gaussiun-Sigmoid function . Accor-dingly the Boltzmann - Sigmoid function .
Teknologi & PAK
Authors: Wenda Yowenus
Published: September 2020

Pembelajaran Agama Kristen sangat penting dalam mengembangkan nilai-nilai, dan tingkah laku yang baik sesuai dengan iman Kristen dalam rangka mengupayakan perubahan dan reformasi pribadi oleh kuasa Roh Kudus, sehingga peserta didik hidup sesuai dengan kehendak Allah dalam Kristus Yesus. Dalam pembelajaran Agama Kristen di anjurkan untuk mengasihi Tuhan dan sesama manusia seperti mengasihi dirinya sendiri baik melalui ibadah maupun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Mendukung pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen perlu ada teknologi yang dapat digunakan demi kelancaran dalam proses belajar mengajar. Berkaitan dengan uraian tersebutdiatas, maka ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan oleh seorang guru/pendidik.
The phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase, PAICS, is differentially expressed following infection by the coronavirus family.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2020

We mined published and public microarray datasets (1-6) to discover conserved host cell machinery transcriptionally modulated by the coronavirus family. We found significant differential expression and transcriptional repression of a gene utilized during de novo purine synthesis, PAICS, following infection of human cells with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus in vitro, in the lungs of mice following infection with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), in the blood and lungs of ferrets following intranasal infection with SARS-CoV-1, but not in human cells infected with the human coronavirus HCoV-229E. These data indicate transcriptional modulation of de novo purine synthesis pathways by viruses of the coronavirus family or during coronavirus infection.
INTERVENSI KEMANUSIAAN (HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION) MENURUT HUKUM INTERNASIONAL DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM KONFLIK BERSENJATA by Emi Eliza, Heryandi Ahmad Syofyan
Authors: Ahmad Abdul
Published: September 2020

Humanitarian intervention is an attempt to prevent or stop the gross human rights violations with particular strengths (diplomatic and military) in a State, either with or without the consent of the State (countries with internal conflict). The problems in this journal are: first, how the arrangement of international law on humanitarian intervention. Secondly, the role of the UN in humanitarian intervention in armed conflicts. The method used is a normative legal research methods with the main source of data collection procedures is a legal substance that contains of normative law. The results showed that the rules of international law on humanitarian intervention by the United Nations stipulated in the UN Charter and general principles of international law. Humanitarian intervention legally justified by following provisions in applicable international law, namely Articles 39-51 of UN Charter. While the role of the UN in humanitarian intervention in armed conflicts carried out by the Security Council as the organ of the United Nations in maintaining peace with the decision issued in the form of a resolution for areas experiencing conflict. Therefore, it takes an international treaty that regulates clearly about humanitarian intervention, so that in practice, remain consistent with the objectives and executive organs of humanitarian intervention.
Utilization EOS Platform as Cloud-Based GIS to Analyze Vegetation Greenness in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Dede Moh. , Widiawaty Millary Agung
Published: September 2020

Cloud-Based GIS development has been increasing rapidly since the need for big computing for online spatial data. Besides Google Earth Engine, there is another cloud-based GIS with similar features namely the EOS Platform. This study aims to analyze vegetation greenness in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia using the EOS Platform. The selection of research locations based on the rapid development in the Cirebon Regency. Vegetation greenness analysis using the NDVI algorithm which available on EOS Processing and Landsat series images are obtained from Land Viewer. Changes in vegetation greenness were analyzed descriptively from NDVI values in 1999 and 2019 at each pixel in the same location. The results of the analysis with the EOS Platform shows a decreasing vegetation greenness in the western and peri-urban areas caused by land use and land cover (LULC) changes. It is proven that the EOS Platform can be used for effective and efficient satellite image processing. Even so, some EOS Platform products with BETA version status still show some bugs related to integration between Land Viewer and EOS Storage.
Peran Guru PAK sebagai Motivator
Authors: Wenda Yowenus
Published: September 2020

Keberhasilan pelaksanaan kegiatan proses belajar mengajar sangat tergatung pada guru PAK karena guru merupakan ujung tombak dalam pembelajaran. Guru PAK adalah pendidik yang menjadi tokoh panutan. Oleh sebab itu, tugas dan tanggung jawab guru PAK adalah membantu peserta didik agar dapat mengembangkan potensi yang dimilikinya secara maksimal. Potensi peserta didik yang harus dikembangkan bukan saja menyangkut masalah kogniti (kecerdasan) dan psikomotorik (keterampilan), melainkan seluruh aspek kepribadiannya. Guru PAK tidak hanya dituntut untuk memiliki pengetahuan atau kemampuan dalam bidang belajar dan pembelajaran tetapi juga dalam memotivasi peserta didik. Guru PAK berperan dalam mengajarkan nilai- nilai moral dan memotivasi peserta didik. Guru PAK perlu memahami konsep-konsep motivasi sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagai fasilitator bagi perkembagan peserta didik.
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Federal Internasional Finance Cabang Maros
Authors: GAH DICKY ZULKARNAIN RONA
Published: September 2020

This research aims to analyze the influence of job motivation, job satisfaction and organization commitment toward employee’s performance at PT. Federal International Finance.This research was conducted at PT.FIF Maros, by population and samples are fifty five (55), the total number of employees. Data were collected by using questionnaire and documentation. The data were analyzed through Validity and Reliability Test, Classical Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression, and Coefficient Determination (R2), by using SPSS Application.The results showed that as partial, organization commitment was not significant influenced the employee’s performance, while job motivation and satisfaction have a positive and significant influence to the employee’s performance. Job satisfaction were influenced dominant to employee’s performance at PT. Federal International Finance Maros
Bagaimana penerapan SROI?
Authors: PUTRA DIKA ANGGARA
Published: September 2020

SROI adalah kerangka kerja metodologis untuk memperkirakan nilai diciptakan oleh intervensi di tiga bidang: sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan - disebut sebagai triple bottom line. Semula dikembangkan pada tahun 1996 oleh Roberts Enterprise Development Fund (REDF) untuk memperkirakan dampak pengembangan tenaga kerja mereka program, metode terus berkembang untuk mencakup hasil yang lebih luas, kerangka waktu yang lebih pendek, dan lebih realistis perkiraan (Banke-Thomas et al., 2015Banke-Thomas, Madaj,Charles, & van den Broek, 2015).
Conformal focusing and geometry de Sitter
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: September 2020

Conformal focusing and geometry de Sitter
Data Comics for Reporting Controlled User Studies inHuman-Computer Interaction
Authors: Wang Zezhong , Ritchie Jacob , Zhou Jingtao , Chevalier Fanny , Bach Benjamin
Published: September 2020

Inspired by data comics, this paper introduces a novel format for reporting controlled studies in the domain of human-computer interaction (HCI). While many studies in HCI follow similar steps in explaining hypotheses, laying out a study design, and reporting results, many of these decisions are buried in blocks of dense scientific text. We propose leveraging data comics as study reports to provide an open and glanceable view of studies by tightly integrating text and images, illustrating design decisions and key insights visually, resulting in visual narratives that can be compelling to non-scientists and researchers alike. Use cases of data comics study reports range from illustrations for non-scientific audiences to graphical abstracts, study summaries, technical talks, textbooks, teaching, blogs, supplementary submission material, and inclusion in scientific articles. This paper provides examples of data comics study reports alongside a graphical repertoire of examples, embedded in a framework of guidelines for creating comics reports which was iterated upon and evaluated through a series of collaborative design sessions.
DIKTAT PENGANTAR PERJANJIAN LAMA
Authors: Suparman
Published: September 2020

Diktat Pengantar Perjanjian Lama berisi materi pembelajaran mata kuliah Pengantar Perjanjian Lama
Diachronic semantic change in language influences, and is constrained by, how people use and learn language
Authors: Li Ying , Siew Cynthia S. Q.
Published: September 2020

It has long been understood that the mind has evolved to learn language. Recently this claim has been inverted to question how language evolves to become learnable. However, there is little evidence on how semantic evolution is shaped by language acquisition and processing in a naturally occurring language. In this research, we provide evidence to demonstrate how the human mind and language evolution of semantic constraint one and other. In study 1, we showed that words that people found more difficult to learn and process changed their semantics at a higher rate over the past 200 years, suggesting human cognition constrains semantic evolution. The alternative causality of study 1 is that semantic change since 1800 leads to difficulty in learning and processing. This alternative is unlikely because knowledge unknown to people living today, that is, historical meanings of words before their birth, could not influence how people learn and process language. However, semantic change, if occurred in recent decades, could in turn hamper semantic processing, but only for those people who were born early enough to experience it. We found supporting evidence in study 2 that semantic change between 1970 and 2000 hinders the processing speed in middle-aged adults (aged 45-55) but not in younger adults (aged <25). Taken together, our two studies highlight the importance of studying language evolution in relation to processing and acquisition patterns across generations of language users.
Mission Challenges in the New Millenium
Authors: Widjaja Fransiskus Irwan , GULTOM JONI MANUMPAK PARULIAN
Published: September 2020

This paper is an analysis of various collective resources to consider new challenges in the world of mission. Throughout the third millennium, Christianity was facedwith historically enormous goals and opportunities. The missionary activity is more than two centuries old. It appears that God moved His people in the event of a greatwave of spreading the gospel to various parts of the world. This missionary movement has made it possible for the gospel to be accepted and heard by thousands and even millions of people representing various tribes, ethnicities and cultures. The Bible is translated into hundreds of languages and dialects. according to the phenomenon observed above, today the Church and Christianity arechallenged to carry out the Mission in a far greater opportunity. Seeing the fastpaced changes in this era actually raises a hope of the birth of a new missionmovement in the challenges of the new millennium. This paper aims to provide a missiological overview of the possibility of a new missionary movement emerging.
Ten years of Enhancing Neuro-Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis: An overview from the ENIGMA Genetics Working Group
Authors: Medland Sarah , Grasby Katrina L. , Jahanshad Neda , Painter Jodie N. , Colodro-Conde Lucía , Bralten Janita , Hibar Derrek P. , Lind Penelope A. , Pizzagalli Fabrizio , Thomopoulos Sophia I , Stein Jason L. , Franke Barbara , Martin Nicholas G. , Thompson Paul
Published: September 2020

Here we review the motivation for creating the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium and the genetic analyses undertaken by the consortium so far. We discuss the methodological challenges, findings and future directions of the Genetics Working Group. A major goal of the working group is tackling the reproducibility crisis affecting ‘candidate gene’ and genome-wide association analyses in neuroimaging. To address this, we developed harmonised analytic methods, and support their use in coordinated analyses across sites worldwide, which also makes it possible to understand heterogeneity in results across sites. These efforts have resulted in the identification of hundreds of common genomic loci robustly associated with brain structure. We showed common and distinct genetic loci to be associated with different brain structures, as well as genetic correlations with psychiatric and neurological diseases.
On the interplay between interpretation and reasoning in compelling fallacies
Authors: Picat Léo , Mascarenhas Salvador
Published: September 2020

We investigate the articulation between domain-general reasoning and interpretive processes in failures of deductive reasoning. We focus on illusory inferences from disjunction-like elements, a broad class of deductive fallacies studied in some detail over the past 15 years. These fallacies have received accounts grounded in reasoning processes, holding that human reasoning diverges from normative standards. A subset of these fallacies however can be analyzed differently: human reasoning is not to blame, instead the premises were interpreted in a non-obvious, yet perfectly predictable and reasonable way. Once we consider these interpretations, the apparent fallacious conclusion is no mistake at all. We give a two-factor account of these fallacies that incorporates both reasoning-based elements and interpretive elements, showing that they are not in real competition. We present novel experimental evidence in favor of our theory. Cognitive load such as induced by a dual-task design is known to hinder the interpretive mechanisms at the core of interpretation-based accounts of the fallacies of interest. In the first experiment of its kind using this paradigm with an inferential task instead of a simpler truth-value-judgment task, we found that the manipulation affected more strongly those illusions where our theory predicts that interpretive processes are at play. We conclude that the best way forward for the field to investigate the elusive line between reasoning and interpretation requires combining theories and methodologies from linguistic semantics and the psychology of reasoning.
Basic Psychological Needs, Stress and Coping Strategies - A Comparative Analysis of Pre-Epidemic and Epidemic Experiences
Authors: Poprawa Ryszard , Lewandowska Bianka , Rokosz Marta , Tabiś Katarzyna , Barański Maciej
Published: September 2020

Background: The global epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 caused various deprivations and threats and forced the implementation of drastic restrictions in the whole world, including Poland. Objectives: Recognizing the consequences of the epidemic in the context of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, the level of experienced stress, and the use of coping strategies.Design: The results of the pre-epidemic group (N = 626; aged 18 - 40) were compared with the results of the epidemic group (N = 282; aged 17 - 44). The following tests were used; BPNS&FS (Chen et al., 2015), PSS (Cohen et al., 1983), and COPE (Carver et al., 1989).Results: Women from the epidemic group reported higher levels of stress, lower satisfaction and higher frustration of autonomy and competence than the control group. Men from the epidemic group differed from the control group only by a higher frustration of autonomy. We found significant differences in coping strategy preference. The epidemic group was characterized by the following strategies: acceptance, mental disengagement, restraint, positive reinterpretation and growth, use of emotional social support, and use of humor.Conclusions: The results are consistent with previously documented reactions to uncontrolled and critical stressors and indicate the adaptability of undertaken coping efforts.
A Game of COVID. Ludification as a Way to Make Sense of a Pandemic
Authors: Raab Marius Hans , Carbon Claus Christian , Döbler Niklas
Published: September 2020

Many aspects of handling the COVID-19 pandemic bear a resemblance to patterns found in games. We observe point displays and leader boards, the visible assumption of roles, classic archetypes, the collection of resources, and spatial awareness. We argue that these patterns manifest spontaneously as a form of analogical reasoning, because people lack cultural and individual norms as well as cognitive scripts for a pandemic. Trying to find systematic similarities between a novel and a familiar situation is an essential cognitive strategy and a cultural tool, resulting in a spontaneous ludification of this crisis. Unfortunately, most institutions, the media and policymakers focus on attributes that are easy to communicate, not on relations and causal chains. This results in shallow analogies, where the mechanisms and dynamics of COVID-19 are not addressed. This can cause a sense of helplessness, where many people remain passive viewers. A pandemic, however, calls for cooperative action of people who understand the relations between different factors and stakeholders in order to mitigate several negative effects linked to such a crisis. We propose a psychologically founded “Strategic gamification” (here in the context of a pandemic), a form of sense-making that builds on spontaneously emerging ludic elements. By extending upon those elements through the lens of game design, we can shape the mechanics, dynamics and aesthetics of a serious context in a more meaningful way. The resulting analogies have better predictive power and are suited to utilize positive aspects of gamification like engagement, elaboration and collaboration.
Bilingualism affects infant cognition: Insights from new and open data
Authors: Dal Ben Rodrigo , Killam Hilary , Iliaei Sadaf Pour , Byers-Heinlein Krista
Published: September 2020

Bilingualism has been hypothesized to shape cognitive abilities across the lifespan. Here, we examined the replicability of a seminal study that showed monolingual–bilingual differences in infancy (Kovács & Mehler, 2009a) by collecting new data from 7-month-olds and 20-month-olds and reanalyzing three open datasets from 7–9 month-olds (D’Souza et al., 2020; Kalashikova et al., 2020; 2021). Infants from all studies (N = 222) were tested in an anticipatory eye-tracking paradigm, where they learned to use a cue to anticipate a reward presented on one side of a screen during Training, and the opposite side at Test. To correctly anticipate the reward at Test, infants had to update their previously learned behavior. Across 4 out of 5 studies, a fine-grained analysis of infants’ anticipations showed that bilinguals were better able to update the previously-learned response at Test, which could be related to bilinguals’ weaker initial learning during Training. However, in one study of 7-month-olds, we observed the opposite pattern: bilinguals performed better during Training, and monolinguals performed better at Test. These results show that bilingualism affects how infants process information during learning. We also highlight the potential of open science to advance our understanding of language development.
Grounding deep neural network predictions of human categorization behavior in understandable functional features: The case of face identity
Authors: Daube Christoph , Xu Tian , Zhan Jiayu , Webb Andrew , Ince Robin A A , Garrod Oliver G. B. , schyns Philippe
Published: September 2020

Now published as: https://www.cell.com/patterns/fulltext/S2666-3899(21)00203-8 Deep neural networks (DNNs) can resolve real-world categorization tasks with apparent human-level performance. However, true equivalence of behavioral performance between humans and their DNN models requires that their internal mechanisms process equivalent features of the stimulus. To develop such feature equivalence, our methodology leveraged an interpretable and experimentally controlled generative model of the stimuli (realistic 3D textured faces). Humans rated the similarity of randomly generated faces to four familiar identities. We predicted these similarity ratings from the activations of five DNNs trained with different optimization objectives. Using information-theoretic redundancy, reverse correlation and the testing of generalization gradients, we show that DNN predictions of human behavior improve because their shape and texture features overlap with those that subsume human behavior. Thus, we must equate the functional features that subsume the behavioral performances of the brain and its models before comparing where, when and how these features are processed.
Internalizing Symptoms, Wellbeing and Correlates in Adolescence: A Multiverse Exploration via Cross-lagged Panel Network Models
Authors: Black Louise , Panayiotou Margarita , Humphrey Neil
Published: September 2020

Internalizing symptoms are the most prevalent mental health problem in adolescents, with sharp increases seen, particularly for girls, and evidence that young people today report more problems than previous generations. It is therefore critical to measure and monitor these states on a large scale and consider correlates. We used novel panel network methodology to explore relationships between internalizing symptoms, wellbeing and inter/intrapersonal indicators. A multiverse design was used with 32 conditions to consider the stability of results across arbitrary researcher decisions in a large community sample over three years (N = 15,843, aged 11-12 at time one). Networks were consistently similar for girls and boys. Stable trait-like effects within anxiety, attentional and social indicators were found. Within-person networks were densely connected and suggested mental health and inter/intrapersonal correlates related to one another in similar complex ways. The multiverse design suggested the particular operationalization of items can substantially influence conclusions. Nevertheless, indicators such as thinking clearly, unhappiness, dealing with stress and worry showed more consistent centrality, suggesting these indicators may play particularly important roles in the development of mental health in adolescence.
Brief history of top-level domains and challenges for information professionals
Authors: Orduña-Malea Enrique , Aguillo Isidro F.
Published: September 2020

Top-level domains, in addition to fulfilling the technical function of enabling access to network resources, allow information professionals in generalóand content managers in particularóto work with domain names for branding and search engine optimization (SEO) purposes. Likewise, they facilitate the performance of metric analyses thanks to their hierarchical structure. The massive creation of new TLDs that was started in the early 21st century by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) opened the possibility of being able to select (or even register) a wide variety of web domains. However, the sources of information about TLDs as well as their management and usefulness for both the commercial sector (SEO, web content management, and digital analytics) and scholarly community (webometrics) are not well known among information professionals. The objective of this text is to explain the meaning and function of TLDs, to highlight their different categories, and to show their evolution over time, in order to provide useful information for professionals dedicated to the generation, dissemination, storage/retrieval, and analysis of online content.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIVERSIFIED BOARD OF DIRECTORS, AUDITOR SELECTION, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY: AN APPLICATION ON BORSA ISTANBUL COMPANIES
Authors: ASLAN Lale
Published: September 2020

Even though much progress has been made in women’s rights in the past century, there is still room for improvement, as today women are not justifiably represented in the board of directors in publicly held corporations. The purpose of this study is to show that having a diversified board of directors has a statistically meaningful relationship with the auditor choice, corporate governance, and corporate sustainability applications of publicly held corporations. To measure the level of good corporate governance, the corporate governance grades in compliance reports are taken into account, and corporate sustainability is measured as successful if Borsa Istanbul includes the corporation in the sustainability index. As the research method, the author statistically compares the independent auditor choice of these corporations and Board structure.
BİST BİLİŞİM SEKTÖRÜNDE İŞLEM GÖREN ŞİRKETLERİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSLARININ MULTIMOORA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE ÖLÇÜMÜ
Authors: YERDELEN KAYGIN Ceyda
Published: September 2020

Dinamik bir yapıya sahip olan ve sürekli büyüyen sektörlerin, finansal performansların değerlendirilmesi piyasalar açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2015-2018 yılları arasında hisseleri BİST (Borsa İstanbul) Bilişim sektöründe işlem gören 15 şirketin finansal performanslarını MULTIMOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis) yöntemi ile incelemektir. Analiz sonucunda yıllar itibariyle LINK, KFEIN, LINK ve LINK şirketlerinin en iyi finansal performansa; KAREL, NETAS, ARENA ve KAREL şirketlerinin ise en düşük finansal performansa sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
EKONOMİK KATMA DEĞER (EVA) İLE BORSA PERFORMANS ÖLÇÜTLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: BİST FİNANSAL ENDEKSİNE YÖNELİK BULGULAR
Authors: AKGÜN Ali İhsan , GÜNAY Burhan
Published: September 2020

Finansal yönetim teorisinin amacı, hissedarların servetini en üst düzeye çıkarmaktır. Firmanın ortaklarına servet katkısının ne kadar etkili olduğunu analiz etmek sadece firmanın yönetimi için değil diğer finansal bilgi kullanıcıları için de önemlidir. Firmanın finansal performansını değerlendirmek için Ekonomik Katma Değer (EVA) gibi çeşitli finansal performans ölçütleri kullanılmaktadır. 1990'ların başından beri EVA, yatırımları ve kurumsal performansı değerlendirmek için çok önemli bir yönetim aracı olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, BIST Finansal Endeksinde yer alan şirketlerin EVA değerleri ile borsa performans oranları arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesidir. Bu çalışmada, 2008-2017 dönemi için BIST finans sektörü endeksinde faaliyet gösteren 122 Türk finans işletmesi örneği için panel regresyon modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma bulgularımız; EVA'nın borsa performans oranlarından Hisse Başı Kazanç ve TOBINQ ile anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, araştırma bulgularımız küresel kredi krizi dönemlerinde EVA, Hisse Başı Kazanç ile Piyasa Değeri/Defter Değeri oranına pozitif yönde katkı sağlamakta iken, TOBINQ değerine ise negatif etki yaptığını göstermektedir.
BİST ENERJİ SEKTÖRÜNDE FAALİYET GÖSTEREN İŞLETMELERİN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSLARININ İNCELENMESİ: GRİ SAYILARA DAYALI ZAMAN KESİTİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÇİFTCİ Havva Nur , YILDIRIM Bahadır Fatih
Published: September 2020

Enerji, üretim başta olmak üzere ekonomik kalkınmanın en önemli girdisini oluşturan bir unsurdur. Modern hayatın ve gelişen ekonominin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan enerji ihtiyacı bu sektörde faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin önemini arttırmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören ve araştırma kapsamına dâhil edilen 6 işletmenin 2011-2019 dönemi finansal performansının çok kriterli karar verme problemi olarak incelenerek analiz edilmesidir. Bu kapsamda işletmelerin finansal tabloları ve faaliyet gösterdikleri sektörün yapısı incelenerek, 20 adet finansal oran hesaplanmış ve ölçüt kümesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Enerji sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bu işletmelerinin finansal performansları gri sayılar ile temsil edilerek gri performans skorlarına dönüştürülmüştür. Gri performans skorları kullanılarak hesaplanan gri entropi ölçütlerin önem derecesini temsil etmek üzere Gri İlişkisel Analiz yöntemi ile işletmelerin finansal performansı analiz edilmiştir. Analiz bulgularına göre en ideal işletme olarak Aksa Enerji, idealden en uzak işletme olarak Zorlu Enerji işletmesi belirlenmiştir.