bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on building permit awareness in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Juliafad E , Andayono T
Published: April 2021

This study aims to understand the level of awareness and competency of building officers in Indonesia regards to the implementation of building permit systems. The study area is West Sumatra, Indonesia. Understanding the situation experienced by building officers is significant, considering their important role in guaranteeing the quality of building, especially in an earthquake-prone area. The method used in this study is interviewing building officers in 6 sub-districts in the target district. Interview conducted using question and answer sheet, as well as collecting related building permit documents to support the results and improve the understanding of building construction process. The results show that 70% of the building official is lack of understanding and capacity to conduct their job. Indicators of the level of education in which more than 30% only graduated from high school and not more than 10% got the opportunity to strengthen their technical knowledge about building construction. 80% of staff never read building law no.28 the year 2002, and 70% never read the technical guidance of building construction PP no.36 the year 2005. This study provides essential information for the Indonesia government as a basis to improve the quality of building officers
Short training to improve knowledge of disaster management on basic level: A before and after study
Authors: Bohariand J A , Widana IDK K
Published: April 2021

A massive effort to improve community resilience against disasters has been made by the Indonesian government. President Joko Widodo further emphasized this effort by ordering all governmental institutions and local governments to intensify disaster education for all the communities across Indonesia. As a contribution to this effort, Indonesia Defense University conducted a short training on basic disaster management for students, lecturers, and staffs. To evaluate the results of such training, a before-and-after study is used. The aim of this study is to examine if short training could improve participants’ knowledge in disaster management on a basic level. A pretest-posttest design was used to examine 105 participants’ knowledge before and after a five-day intervention consisting of eight basic disaster management courses regulated by the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). The grading system is used to understand how much the improvement of each participant, with the possibility of failing if not meeting the score threshold. This study showed that most of the participants’ knowledge on basic disaster management have improved with varying results: 60 percent of participants passed with “excellent” mark, 22 percent passed with “very good” mark, 12 percent passed with “good” mark, and the remaining eight percent failed to pass. This study provides an opportunity for humanitarian actors to use such training in order to improve knowledge in basic disaster management as a means of disaster education. However, long-term evaluation for each participant is required to examine the impact of this training on disaster resilience on community scale.
Civil and millitary cooperation on 2018 Lombok earthquake disaster emergency response
Authors: Subagia D , Anggoro D W , Maarif S , Utomo S T
Published: April 2021

– Lombok earthquake in 2018 gave huge impact to West Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Barat) provincial government and its society. Lombok earthquake in 2018 is different from the others as it took place repeatedly in short time with huge magnitude. 2018 Lombok earthquake disaster emergency response has involved various elements, such as Indonesia Military Forces (TNI), Indonesia Police Department (POLRI), governmental institutions, society, as well as industries and all its resoursces. This research aims at analyzing civil-military cooperation in 2018 Lombok earthquake disaster emergency response and its affecting factors using qualitative method with primary and secondary data types. Interviews, observations, and documentations are conducted in order to collect data. This research analyzes civil-military cooperation process from the aspects of legal, organizational and governance, and operational. The result of the research shows that there was a difference in the aspect of command system used in the cooperation. The civil used agreement-based command system while military used hierarchical command system so that the military tended to be more dominant. Organization establishment as a part of effort improvement efforts has not been able to accommodate civil-military cooperation. Civil-military cooperation was initiated to fill gaps between civil and military using military resources. Thus, civil-military cooperation in 2018 Lombok earthquake disaster emergency response needed a better coordination and communication by providing a legal stand through local/governor’s regulations that accommodate all resources in West Nusa Tenggara province to cope with types of threats.
Analysis of clean water distribution systems using EPANET 2.0 (Case study of Uma Sima Village, Sumbawa Regency)
Authors: Kurniati E , Kamariah  , Susilawati T
Published: April 2021

The need for clean water is very important for humans because it is one of the benchmarks of successful development in an area. Where every area, especially Uma Sima Urban Village, Sumbawa Sub-district will experience an increase in population every year so that the need for clean water will increase. The purpose of this study is to determine the need for clean water and the distribution system of clean water pipelines in Uma Sima Urban Village for the next 20 years until 2037 by using the method of analyzing clean water needs with projected population numbers using the exponential regression formula and network simulations pipeline distribution with Epanet 2.0 software. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, it can be obtained the need for clean water at peak hours of 16.99 liters / second with a max day factor of 1.15 and 18,446 liters / second with a max of 1.25 days factor. Whereas for the distribution network simulation it was found that the distribution network is still effective for carrying water for the next 20 years, namely in 2037.
Dynamic compaction of the Baltic basin silty Sand - quality assurance with CPT, DPM, DMT and PLT
Authors: Skels P , Rozitis J , Ivanovskis N , Kurtiss K
Published: April 2021

Post-glacial evolution of the Baltic basin sedimented Quaternary soils at the great thickness (up to 30 m) in Riga, Latvia. There are present zones of different combinations of postglacial, alluvial, limnological and dune formations within the metropolitan area of Riga. The geomorphological evolution of this territory is dominated by the Baltic sea former stages, distinguishing these areas as rather complicated. The dynamic compaction was proposed below the warehouse floor of area about 40K m2 in Baltic basin silty Sand. The effect of compaction was evaluated to the depth of 10 m and extensive quality assurance using cone penetration and piezocone tests (CPT(U)), dynamic probing (DP) tests, flat dilatometer tests (DMT) and plate loading tests (PLT), was introduced. CPT(U) and DMT results were compared in terms of soil stiffness parameter evaluation prior and after dynamic compaction. The limitation of DP tests were investigated and finally also warehouse test embankment verified by PLT evaluating shallow compaction rates.
3D stability analyses of Skjeggestad landslide
Authors: Jostad H P , Sivasithamparam N , Lacasse S , Degago S A , Le T M H , Giese S , Rosenquist af Åkershult A , Johansen T , Aabøe R
Published: April 2021

In 2015, a sudden landslide caused the failure of one of the pillars supporting the southern lanes of the Skjeggestad Bridge near Mofjellbekken on Expressway E18. The transportation corridor was closed to traffic for 17 months. To investigate the cause of the failure, an assessment of slope stability is necessary. Usually, limit equilibrium analysis of the middle two-dimensional (2D) cross-section is modelled. The Skjeggestad landslide geometry was not close to a 2D case, and three-dimensional (3D) modelling is more appropriate to analyse the slope. The paper calculates the stability of the slope that failed and compares the results of 3D finite element analyses with classical limit equilibrium and 2D finite element analyses. The analyses were run in the Novapoint GeoSuite Stability software. The soil parameters, including their statistical values, were obtained with the GeoSuite Soil Data Interpretation (SDI) module. A companion paper at this conference analyses the pillar neighbouring the landslide with the module GeoSuite Piles. The paper illustrates the importance of 3D effects in a stability analysis. The results of the analyses also illustrate the need to include appropriate consideration of any strain-softening and spatial variation of soil properties.
Airborne geophysical investigations for landslide risk investigation along the Ångerman River, central Sweden
Authors: Isacsson U. , Persson L. , Smith C.A.
Published: April 2021

A study of landslide risks along the Ångerman River in Sweden is currently being performed by the Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI) with assistance from the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU). In this work, knowledge of the distribution of different types of sediment is crucial. The area shows large variations in both sediment stratigraphy and sediment thickness (depth to bedrock) which makes it difficult to describe geotechnical properties for larger areas based on sparse geotechnical field investigations (soundings and sampling). Within the study area, the Ångerman River valley contains numerous fluvial terraces at various elevations separated from the river by steep erosional scarps. Although fluvial sand caps the terraces, their heights are often derived from the underlying silt and clay, which in turn overlies till or glaciofluvial sediment. The thickness of these general stratigraphic units is difficult to determine from existing data. Thus, in 2018, an airborne transient electromagnetic (ATEM) survey was performed along the river and the surrounding river banks with the objective of mapping and characterizing the sediments down to bedrock. The surveyed area is 2 km wide and covers 80 km along the river with a flight line distance of 75 m. From the ATEM data, the 3D resistivity distribution of the ground down to about 100 m below the surface can be determined. The silt and clay show very low resistivity compared to the overlaying sand layers. Therefore, they can be easily distinguished in the resistivity models from the ATEM data. Furthermore, the depth to the more resistive underlaying till and bedrock can be delimited in most areas. The 3D resistivity model derived from the ATEM data was integrated with other geoscientific data such as; geotechnical drillings, information from water wells and surficial deposits maps using 3D modeling software (Geoscene 3D from I-GIS). Based on the modelling results, the area was divided into six different classes based on the soil stratigraphy. The current method of analysis uses detailed geotechnical investigations performed in one location to ground truth the interpretation of geophysical data over a broad area. With the new results based on the ATEM data, the planning of new geotechnical drillings can be better focused on more poorly-understood areas. Furthermore, the number of geotechnical field investigations can be reduced.
Geotechnical characterization of Norwegian peat: database
Authors: Paniagua P , Long M , L’Heureux J-S
Published: April 2021

Peat is widely available in Northern hemisphere and tropics. However, soil mechanics traditionally focuses on sands, clays and silts, and there is relatively little attention given to peats. Still, many engineering peat related problems like differential settlements or slides have an impact on society. The present paper presents the results of a large data collection of Norwegian peat properties from different consultancy and research projects related to road constructions and field tests during the last 60 years. Basic and advanced peat data like water content, von Post classification, total unit weight, organic content, shear wave velocity, deformation and strength properties are gathered in the database. The data presented may contribute to a larger database from different countries that will help to understand the behaviour of peat, define the best site investigation techniques in the laboratory and the field, and propose better practices on how to deal with peat in the future, towards more sustainable geotechnical solutions.
Estimating shear wave velocity with the SCPTu and Bender element
Authors: Valsson S M , Dahl M , Haugen E , Degago S A
Published: April 2021

The shear wave velocity (vs) is an important soil and rock property that can both be used in several geotechnical problems including for evaluation of dynamic properties of soils as well as in determining the maximum value of soil stiffness at small strain. This property is also seen to give good correlations with other soil parameters used in settlement and stability analyses. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) has recently invested in equipment to measure this fundamental soil property both in the laboratory using bender elements and out in the field using a seismic CPTu (SCPTu). NPRA has also developed internal procedures and techniques to standardize logical interpretations. To assist with this standardization procedure, NPRA has conducted soil investigations at a site in Fredrikstad municipality in the southern part of Norway. The investigations included SCPTu and extraction of high quality mini-block samples. The shear wave velocity is estimated after consolidation in the triaxial apparatus. The laboratory program was done right after the sample extraction and repeated on stored samples a couple of weeks later. Comparison of vs measured in the laboratory was then made with the field measurements with SCPTu. The work gives comparison of the field and laboratory measurements. Correct interpretation approaches are necessary for the laboratory tests as these are found to be more sensitive to small changes in experimental conditions than the SCPTu. Recommendations on how to reduce discrepancies between laboratory and field data are given.
Small strain stiffness within logarithmic contractancy model for structured anisotropic clay
Authors: Sivasithamparam N , D’Ignazio M , Tsegaye A B , Castro J , Madshus C
Published: April 2021

Stiffness of soils in the small strain region is high and it decays nonlinearly with increasing shear strains or with mobilization of shear stresses. However, the commonly used critical state based constitutive models use a simple elastic formulation at small strains that falls short in the prediction of the small strain nonlinearity and anisotropy. This paper proposes a simple way for rendering the existing constitutive models with the capability to capture the small strain behaviour of soils. This is illustrated by proposing a new model for structured anisotropic clay extending an existing model that uses the framework of logarithmic contractancy called E-SCLAY1S. The proposed model is implemented into a Finite Element program as a user-defined soil model. The model predictions are compared with experimental data for various clays. Furthermore, the effect of nonlinearity is investigated for an excavation in soft clay.
Full-scale field-testing of lime-cement columns in a very sensitive clay
Authors: Paniagua P , Bache B K F , Lund A K , Karlsrud K
Published: April 2021

As part of the construction of a new E6 highway between Jaktøyen and Storler in Trondheim, Norway, an area for performing full-scale field-testing of lime cement columns was defined. The soil conditions in the area cover non-sensitive clay to about 6-8 m over a silty quick clay down to at least 30 m. The aim of the full-scale field-tests was to assess how lime-cement columns would perform in a very sensitive clay (i.e. quick clay). The present paper describes the results from field and laboratory tests to characterize the field-testing site, as well as descriptions and field observations regarding the installation and results from testing of lime cement columns. The results are also compared to results of tests on laboratory mixed specimens of stabilized clay. Based on the data from the field trials, it was established a characteristic strength of 425 kPa (for 90 kg/m3 of binder) for the stabilized silty quick clay after two months which is a significantly higher value than the one used in the standard practice in Norway.
Observations from Reverse Column Penetration Tests (RCP) on Lime-cement Columns in Klett, Trondheim, Norway
Authors: Yan C H , Paniagua P , Bache B K F , Lacasse S
Published: April 2021

In the construction of a new E6 Expressway between Jaktøyen and Storler in Trondheim, Norway, lime-cement columns were used extensively as stabilization measures for slope cut works in the clay strata. Non-sensitive clay, about 5-10 m thick, overlying sensitive clay and quick clay down to a depth of 25 m were found at the site. Reverse column penetration tests (RCP) were adopted as one of the quality control measures of the lime-cement columns. This paper presents the results of the RCPs from one of the areas in the project and examines the possible increase in shear strength of the lime-cement columns with depth. The variability of the RCP test results are also discussed.
Model study of screw pile installation impact on ground disturbance and vertical bearing behaviour in dense sand
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Azhar , Malik Adnan Anwar , Kuwano Jiro
Published: April 2021

The purpose of present study was to understand the behaviour of model scale closeended single helix pile using dense ground conditions with a special focus on installation impact it creates on the nearby ground disturbance and its associated vertical bearing characteristics. To understand ground disturbance behaviour, model scale pile load testing was conducted both with and without installation mechanism. Screw piles having large helix to shaft diameter were also incorporated in the study to investigate helical size impact on nearby ground disturbance; and therefore, variation in their bearing behaviour. Variation in installation effort (installation load and torque) for piles having large helix to shaft diameter was also investigated. Based on experimental results, it was observed that the installation of screw piles disturbed the ground significantly along the pile shaft whereas ground disturbance below the pile tip was almost negligible. In addition, with the increase in helix to shaft diameter, ground disturbance ratio was increased. With the increase in helix to shaft diameter, installation effort requirements increased significantly. Moreover, with the increase in helical diameter, end bearing of the pile was increased but there was no effect on skin friction owing to the same shaft diameter.
Permanent sheet pile walls in complex soil conditions Surveillance, monitoring and safety
Authors: Naglestad B , Langelid S B
Published: April 2021

Kvaernerbyen field F1, also known as Kvaernerdammen, is part of the Kvaernerbyen project in Oslo, Norway. Kvaernerdammen consists of a 7-storey residential complex on an underground parking floor. The south-eastern part of the building cuts into the lower part of a steep slope, with soil conditions consisting of dry crust above firm silty clay, followed by quick clay/sensitive clay above a thin moraine layer over bedrock. Due to existing buildings and constructions further up the slope, the allowable deformations of the building pit during and post construction of Kvaernerdammen had to kept within very tight thresholds. Since the summer of 2017, Cautus Geo AS and Multiconsult Norway AS have been cooperating in “research and development” (R&D) focusing on deformations of sheet pile walls (SPW) in complex ground conditions and all aspects connected to interaction between engineering, monitoring, alerting and safety. Starting with surveillance during the construction period, monitoring a permanent SPW supporting the mentioned slope at Kvaernerdammen, the R&D collaboration was continued between Cautus Geo and Multiconsult with continuous surveillance of the construction for almost 2 years after completion. Throughout the project, all phases of a critical SPW-construction have been evaluated, mainly focusing on the effects of seasonal variations in a “permanent” phase. Observations and experiences made during the project with a comprehensive database derived from geotechnical instrumentation have provided an unusually detailed documentation of the development of the construction after completion. The load cells connected to anchors in two rows on the SPW show a correlation between increasing temperature and increasing anchor force in a permanent phase, most likely due to a volume expansion of the structure. This is an opposite trend to what was observed during the construction phase, where increasing force is recorded in the load cells at decreasing temperature, especially at negative degrees Celsius. The temperature in the load cells is measured to oscillate between positive and negative degrees Celsius only during the construction phase. The load may tend to increase in the upper part of the SPW during heavy rainfall, but of negligible value. Based on a slight change in load and deformation during the permanent phase, the SPW is regarded as a stable and secure construction at Kværnerdammen. For future projects, it is important to be aware that load changes in anchors may be dependent on a well-functioning frost protection.
Application of the Frozen and Unfrozen Soil model to modelling effects of freeze-thaw on low-volume roads
Authors: Tuohino M , Solowski W , Abed A , Koivisto K , Lei X
Published: April 2021

Freezing and thawing of soils are of the utmost importance in the design of infrastructure in seasonally cold regions. Cycles of freezing-thawing can severely affect the performance of thinly paved low-volume roads, causing frost heave during the winter and thaw weakening in the spring. Thus, a designer must have an understanding of freezing effects on infrastructure and adequate design tools to deal with them. Freezing of soils entails several coupled processes, necessitating advanced analysis tools such as numerical modelling. This paper applies the Frozen and Unfrozen Soil material model for the finite element program Plaxis 2D into a case study of freezing and thawing induced deformation of a low-volume road on dry-crust clay subgrade in Vesilahti, Finland supported by a literature review and a laboratory study. The Vesilahti test site monitoring results of frost heave, temperature and groundwater level were used in this study to simulate the frost heave of a pavement with shallow structural layers. In addition, soil sampling and laboratory tests were performed to determine the Vesilahti dry-crust clay material properties at the Aalto University. These were combined to simulate the frost heave and thaw settlement measured on the site and to study the feasibility of the material model in replicating actual measured frost action. The road deformation at the measurement times was replicated qualitatively well and the model performed mostly according to expectations. However, the multitude of parameters, complexity of the coupled phenomena modelled and the black box nature of the model implementation in Plaxis make the evaluation of calculation errors tough and time-consuming. Further research on the model could include the implementation of various user-friendly improvements in Plaxis, development of cryogenic suction-and temperature-controlled laboratory testing for the model parameter determination and better utilization of the model’s predictive capabilities by studying continuous frost heave measurements.
TBM-spoil characterization and utilization at the Follo Line project
Authors: Langford J , Dahl M , Baardvik G , Syversen F , Strømme-Ofstad C , Okkenhaug G , Rekve M , Isachsen G
Published: April 2021

The potential use of surplus materials commonly considered as waste has been investigated by the project “Geomaterials in the Circular Economy” (GEOreCIRC). TBM spoil is one of the materials which were assessed, based on data from the Follo Line tunnel project in Oslo, Norway. For this tunnel, four TBMs were used simultaneously and the tunnel generated almost 9 million metric tonnes of spoil. The excavated TBM spoil was used to establish a building platform for a new district in the Oslo municipality, by filling a 30 m deep valley. An extensive campaign of laboratory testing, field measurements and monitoring was conducted for the deposit. The geotechnical properties, such as grain size distribution, grain shape, brittleness, density, permeability and friction angle were determined. The optimal water content for compaction and maximum dry density were determined using the Standard Proctor test. Field measurements included plate load tests and nuclear density gauge (Troxler), with several measurements for each layer of the deposit. In addition, the spoil was analysed for a wide range of possible contaminants associated with natural rock minerals and machinery used in the tunnelling process. The results show that the level of contamination is low, and related to background levels from the bedrock itself, with levels below specified threshold values for contaminated soil according to Norwegian regulations.
CPTU-based settlement modelling for Kujala test embankments on overconsolidated silty clay: A probabilistic approach
Authors: Löfman M S , Korkiala-Tanttu L K
Published: April 2021

Sounding resistance, such as CPTU cone tip resistance, is often used to estimate the settlement of the subsoil when designing ground-supported structures. This paper utilizes CPTU-based probabilistic modelling to estimate the settlement of two test embankments located in Finland. The model is based on an empirical correlation between CPTU net cone resistance and constrained modulus (M0
), described by factor α. Besides the existing correlation (prior distribution of α), this paper also considers the site-specific observations via Bayes’ theorem. By means of Monte Carlo simulation, the settlement histograms were produced and the results compared to the observed settlements. Lastly, the effect of dry crust on the embankment load transmission was considered in order to decrease the model bias. The results indicate that for the other embankment the effect of dry crust has to be considered in order to acquire satisfactory results. It is concluded that this CPTU-based settlement model might be suitable for stiff, overconsolidated silty clay soils in Finland. However, model calibration using site-specific oedometer test data is recommended. On the other hand, such simplified model with a singular modulus should not be used for normally consolidated clay subsoils.
Towards rigorous boundary value level sensitivity analyses using FEM
Authors: Tahershamsi Hossein , Dijkstra Jelke
Published: April 2021

The increased complexity of contemporary constitutive models for soils requires a rigorous method to evaluate the effect of the large number of model parameters on the results. Ideally, the interaction effects between the individual parameters should also be quantified. This is achieved by combining a state-of-the-art global sensitivity method with a general purpose Finite Element Method (FEM) for geotechnics. The method is tested for the non-trivial example of coupled hydro-mechanical response of clay in oedometric compression. The results indicate that proposed method for rigorous sensitivity analysis provides a feasible, yet more powerful, alternative to the method commonly used by engineers, i.e. the sequences of one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) trails.
Analysis of the use of rubber waste to improve the performance of the asphalt concrete mixture against tidal floods
Authors: Martina N , Rinawati  , Hasan M F R , Setiawan Y , Yanuarini E
Published: April 2021

The increasing rainfall can increase sea level, which increases the frequency of tidal flooding. The effects of tidal floods can emerge directly or indirectly, and the direct effects are the damage to people’s houses and infrastructure. Seawater puddles due to tidal floods have inundated road infrastructure. Meanwhile, humidity in asphalt is an essential factor affecting the durability of asphalt pavement. The asphalt concrete mixture requires a proper mixture to increase durability and life. The addition of used tire powder to the asphalt mixture can increase the asphalt pavement’s resistance to the effects of tidal flooding. The steps of this research include the preparation of materials, testing materials (coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and asphalt), manufacturing of test objects with and without added materials rubber waste, the immersion of test specimens for 0 and 4 days, Marshall Stage 1 and Stage 2 testing, density testing, wheel tracking test. The results show that the effect of tidal floodwater immersion in the asphalt mixture decreases the strength and quality of the asphalt mixture, the skid resistance, which can be seen from the decreased stability and increased flow. The addition of crumb rubber to the asphalt mixture can reduce the decline in stability value, increase flow value, and better skid resistance results. The Wheel Tracking Machine test results show the effect of adding crumb rubber to the asphalt mixture to reduce the deformation speed of the asphalt mixture.
Improvement of Ultisol soil fertility under pineapple plantation using banana Cavendish rotation in Central Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhani W S , Soemarno  , Rahmat A , Widyastuti R A D , Iresha FM , Cahyono P
Published: April 2021

The rotational planting was applied as the result of decreasing the number of pineapple production. The decreased pineapple production is influenced by soil fertility measured from the chemical, physical, and biological aspects. This research was conducted to comprehend the potential of rotational planting. This research was conducted by taking samples from three different locations: PC pineapple (the first plant), RC Pineapple (Ratoon Plant), and bananas after harvest. Samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The research was conducted from November 2015 until February 2016 at Central Lampung. This research found that rotating the planting between the pineapple and the banana can improve soil fertility. After harvest, bananas’ location has soil pH, total nitrogen, C-organic, phosphorus available, and potassium available is higher if compared to PC pineapple and RC Pineapple location. This was based on the fact that the soil of the harvestable banana (4.74) has better pH compared to the two locations, PC pineapple (4.54) and RC pineapple (4.09). This resulted from a larger amount of dolomite given to the harvestable banana’s soil than those from the PCs and the RC’s. Its pH can also influence its OH- and other nutrients within the soil. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that the soil of harvestable banana (ex-banana) has a better quality to increase the production of pineapples.
Analysis of the sustainability of water supply in Balikpapan City using multi-dimensional scaling
Authors: Harfadli M M , Ulimaz M
Published: April 2021

One of the issues of environmental priority in Balikpapan City is the limited availability of raw water. Based on the problem, it is necessary to carry out a sustainability analysis to determine the status sustainability of clean water supply for Balikpapan city. The purpose of this research is to analyze the sustainability of clean water supply in Balikpapan City based on environmental, economic, social, infrastructure and technology dimensions, legal and institutional dimensions. The research location was in The Balikpapan City with a research time of six months. This research uses primary data and secondary data obtained through literature studies, stakeholder interviews, and field surveys. The technique of determining respondents used a proposive sampling technique. Sustainability analysis using the Rapid Appraisal of the Status (RAP) technique that consists of Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis, Monte Carlo analysis, and Leverage analysis. The results showed that the provision of clean water in the city of Balikpapan is relatively sustainable in environmental dimensions (51.48), economic dimensions (63.49), infrastructure and technology dimensions (50.57), and legal and institutional dimensions (56.14). but relatively unsustainable on the social dimension (47.69). Besides that, it is known five attributes that are most sensitive or influence the sustainability of water supply in Balikpapan city. They are water conservation areas, availability of paying for water usage, community participation in reforestation programs, water treatment plant conditions, cooperation between stakeholders
The amelioration of tidal peatland to improve liberica coffee productivity in Jambi
Authors: Ferry Y , Putra S , Wulandari S
Published: April 2021

Liberica coffee is a type of coffee that is adaptable to peatlands. The farmers in Jambi has been using peatland to grow Liberica coffee. However, after more than 15 years the productivity started to decline by 25%. This study aims to increase the productivity of Liberica coffee in tidal peat soils. The study used a randomized block design with soil ameliorants as treatments, namely (P0 as control) no ameliorants, (P1) dolomite, (P3) manure, (P4) biofertilizer, (P5) dolomite + manure, and (P6) manure + biofertilizer. Four replications were used with plot size 2 x 5 plants. The total samples of the study were 280 plants. Maintenance of the area and plants includes weeding, cleaning tertiary channels, cleaning the plant areas. Simultaneously, parameters observed, including the number of branches, number of bunch/branches, number of berries, berries production, number of berries/100 g. Vegetative parameters were the increase in plant height and number of branches. Another parameter was soil analysis. The results showed that amelioration of peatland increased nutrition in the Liberica coffee leaf. Dolomite application increased the P, Mg, and Fe levels. In contrast, manure increased N, K, and Fe, biofertilizers or dolomite combined with manure increased N, P, K, and Fe. In contrast, the combination of dolomite and biofertilizer increased P, K, and manure, and biofertilizer increased N, P, and Fe in Liberica coffee leaf. Dolomite increased plant height up to 0,76 cm and the number of branches up to 5,05 branches/plant of the Liberica coffee. Dolomite application also increased productivity up to 47.96%, manure 30.69%, while other soil ameliorants can increase productivity by 4.11% to 11.87%. Dolomite, manure, and biofertilizer application can improve berries quality by 5%.
Optimizing crop insurance strategy as a protection tool from crop failure, due to climate change through private sector involvement
Authors: Rachman M I , Nuryartono N , Arifin B , Bakhtiar T
Published: April 2021

The global food production process is being threatened due to the uncertainty experienced in the weather pattern, especially the agricultural sector being placed at the risk of unpredictable climatic conditions. Moreover, climate uncertainties, such as floods and drought, directly and indirectly, impact the level of crop failure. Therefore, Indonesia’s Government has launched a program known as the Rice Farm Insurance (AUTP) in 2015, using a state-owned enterprise as the single administrator to manage these challenges. However, several other problems have been discovered using this program, such as the low level of farmer participation, unprofitable portfolio management, and a limited number of farm areas. Therefore, this research aims to formulate an AUTP optimization strategy through the private sector’s involvement to mitigate these problems. The private sector’s inclusion in managing crop insurance is due to the US and some Asian countries’ success concerning its more comprehensive access to innovation, technology, and resources. The Analytical Hierarchical Process approach is a decision-making technique developed for cases with multiple analysis levels and used with the primary data obtained through questionnaires distributed to 5 experts representing the government, the general insurance industry, researchers, and farmers. The results showed that the influential actor was the government; the most successful factor was a collaboration among stakeholders. The prioritized objective was to increase farmer participation. The selected strategy was to form a consortium of public and private sector enterprises.
The development of traditional wooden house using local coco wood waste as strategy for facing earthquakes
Authors: Rumbayan R , Kandou C D E , Wala M M , Tombeg B A
Published: April 2021

The consideration of ecological quality is an approach for environmentally friendly house construction by utilizing waste material. This paper discusses a current study into developing local coco wood waste as an alternative construction material to build an earthquake-resistant wooden house. The aims of this research are 1) to identify the engineering properties and strength classification of local coco wood; 2) to design and analyse the structural elements for a traditional wooden house through a seismic approach; and 3) to demonstrate the construction method of a coconut timber house prototype. Research methods include 1) laboratory testing of the physical and mechanical properties comprising density test, compression test parallel to the grain, and flexural test. All tests were performed according to the American Standard Testing Material (ASTM) D143-09; 2) identification of strength classification of coco wood based on SNI 03-3527-1994; 3) design of the structural components and analyse structural performance using ETABS simulation; and 4) construction of a prototype earthquake-resistant coconut-timber house. Results from this research are expected to support the beneficial usage of local coco wood waste as a construction material for timber houses in an effort to mitigate the risk of earthquake hazard.
Anak krakatau mountain (AKM) causes a rare tsunami phenomenon: impact around the Sunda strait, Indonesia
Authors: Sabara Z , Umam R , Prianto K , Junaidi R , Rahmat A
Published: April 2021

At the end of 2018, the rare tsunami phenomenon had been occurring at Sunda strait, Indonesia. This tsunami happened without feeling a huge earthquake, so many people did not know if there was a tsunami. Tsunamis occur at night and cause casualties, missing people, and damage around the Sunda Strait (Banten and Lampung). Previously, the observation of the activities of Anak Krakatau Mountain had been carried out intensively. Data collection is done from various sources. A literature study was also conducted to strengthen existing observations. From observational data open source obtained from the Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) Indonesia, it was noted that earthquake activity by tectonic plates began in April 2018, while the intensity of the earthquake caused by increased activity of Anak Krakatau Mountain (AKM) began in June 2018. Eruptions and Tsunamis occurred on December 22, 2018. Although the alleged cause of the rare tsunami phenomenon has not been ascertained, the truth, from observations of satellite images and focus group discussions (FGD) from various society elements. Temporary allegations, the cause of the rare tsunami phenomenon is the AKM eruption, which makes the southwestern region of AKM island landslide of | 64 hectares to a layer below sea level. The impact that occurred after the tsunami has been reported by conducting surveys directly to locations on several beaches of Banten and Lampung. Damage that occurred around Banten and Lampung’s coast was caused by houses very close to the coastline. Whereas in other areas that did not experience severe damage due to 2 factors, there are small islands that block the tsunami wave and the presence of mangrove vegetation around the Sunda strait.
Macronutrient content of compost produced by earthworm in the utilization of livestock waste using vermicomposting method
Authors: Iresha F M , Kasam  , Maristiyanto  , Nurtanto M , Ramadhani W S , Rahmat A
Published: April 2021

The development of livestock should be focusing on increasing productivity and maximizing profit and the environmental issue that happens around it. The produced waste can be managed by minimalizing the waste generated by turning it into something valuable or reutilizing it. One way to do it is by utilizing the waste as organic fertilizer (vermicompost). The vermicomposting process resulted in two products that are useful for agriculture; there are earthworm and vermicompost itself. Using the generated waste as growth media for the worm will result in an increased worm population, and the waste will be turned into vermicompost. The earthworm species that will be used in this study is Pheretima sp. This study purpose is to reduce the contamination by the waste generated by livestock, and other purposes are to find out whether the nutrient content in the waste is up to standard and the roles of the earthworm used. The samples were collected on days 30, 45, and 60. The result shows that the only nutrient that can meet the standard is potassium (> 0.2%), while carbon is slightly below standard and nitrogen and phosphor content are way below the standard. From the resulted nutrient content, it can be concluded that the role of Pheretima sp in the vermicomposting process was not optimal resulted in compost that below the Indonesian National Standard for compost.
Study of organic market waste processing using continuous flow bin vermicomposting meet several nutrient parameters
Authors: Kasam  , Iresha F M , Kusuma T B , Umam R , Mutolib A , Rahmat A
Published: April 2021

The processing of markets’ organic wastes in Indonesia, especially in Yogyakarta, is still done conventionally, that most of it, is directly composted at the Landfill or sometimes even directly dumped without going through the composting process. This research was conducted to maximize the processing of the organic waste that was generated by the local market, using continuous flow bin and vermicomposting to make it more economically beneficial to the community and to test the chemical parameters like Carbon / Nitrogen, Phosphor, and Potassium level from the vermicast, which is the after-product of vermicompost process. The research process goes through several stages: the acclimatization stage, the feeding stage or the vermicompost process, and the testing stage. Carbon/Nitrogen ratios, Phosphor, and Potassium values in the final results of the three reactors in the composting process meet the composting criteria according to SNI 19-7030-2004. The Carbon/Nitrogen measured in the three reactors were 10.2%, 16.6%, and 11.54%, respectively. The phosphorus levels (P) available in the three reactors were 0.32%, 0.35%, and 0.33%. Potassium (K) levels available in the three reactors were 0.26%, 0.58%, and 0.67%. The K values in reactors 2 and 3 meet the compost criteria or standards from SNI 19-7030-2004 because it is more than 0.20%, while for reactor 1 it is still below the criteria standard.
Consumer attitude toward using eco-friendly plastic bags: A green marketing approach
Authors: Bursan R , Listiana I , Ardeno R , Bangsawan S , Jimad H , Mutolib A
Published: April 2021

The purposes of this study are: 1) To assess the impact of green brand positioning, consumers’ attitude toward green brands and green brand knowledge on green product purchase intention, 2) To examine the variation of contribution from green brand positioning, consumers’ attitude toward green brands, and green brand knowledge toward green product purchase intention, 3) To identify the significant influence of green brand positioning, consumers’ attitude toward green brands, and green brand knowledge on green product purchase intention. A questionnaire was utilized to gather the data. The purposive sampling technique was used, involving respondents who practice a green lifestyle and have had green product purchasing experience. The data were analyzed using the three-stage hypothesis analysis model: Simultaneous variable testing (F-testing), coefficient of determination (R2), and partially hypothesis testing (t-testing). Simultaneous variable testing results stated that simultaneously green brand, attitude, and green knowledge influencing green product purchase intention. The three independent variables, namely green brand positioning, attitude, and green knowledge, explain 69.20% of the green product purchase intention variation while unknown variables influence the rest. Green brand positioning and green brand knowledge variable have a significant influence on green product purchase intention. In contrast, consumers’ attitudes toward green brands did not significantly influence green product purchase intention. Firms and businesses can use green brand positioning to better market their products, improve consumers’ green brand knowledge and attitude toward green brands, and increase green brand purchase intentions.
Peppermint oil loaded on recycled paper as an antibacterial label for shrimp freshness
Authors: Yunilawati R , Handayani W , Cahyaningtyas A A , Imawan C
Published: April 2021

Peppermint oil was one of the essential oils with an antibacterial bioactive component and the potential to be used as an antibacterial label. The purposes of this research were preparing the antibacterial label and evaluate their activity in prolonging the storage of shrimp. Antibacterial label was created by loading the peppermint oil onto the recycled paper as a matrix. Peppermint oil was characterized with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identified suspected antibacterial activity compounds. The results showed that peppermint oil contains 39.79% of menthol and 35.69% of menthone as the main component. Peppermint oil and antibacterial labels have been screened for Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 100910 and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli NBRC 100910 using the paper disk diffusion method. Peppermint oil has antibacterial activity in both bacteria, and the label only have antibacterial activity in E. coli NBRC 100910. The antibacterial labels research on prolonging the storage of shrimp shown that the Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVBN) value was lower than without using the label. The results on this study showed recycled paper filled with peppermint oil can be used as an antibacterial label for an active packaging system.
Diversity of insect on cowpea cropping in rainfed land
Authors: Apriyani S , Kurnia A , Sutriadi M T
Published: April 2021

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. Unguiculata) is a plant that is widely cultivated in dryland or the dry season because it is relatively resistant to drought. Insect diversity in the cowpea ecosystem has different characteristics from other ecosystems. This study aimed to understand the diversity of insects on cowpea cropping in rainfed agricultural land. Insect collection used a survey method in which light trap, pitfall trap, and swing net as tools. Observation time using each tool was 3, 2, and 5 times a week, respectively. The experiment was carried out at rainfed land of Jakenan field station using an area of 2500 m2 with altitude 7 m above sea level (masl). The most dominant insect population on light trap observation was an order of Lepidoptera in the form of moths. In contrast, the observations using a pitfall trap were dominated by an insect from the Hymenoptera order in the form of ants and bees. Furthermore, observation using insect swing net was the Hemiptera order or the ladybug group as the most dominant. The diversity index value was categorized as a medium since the value in the range of 1<Hˋ<3, and the evenness index value showed very even.