bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Groundwater Energy Transport Model for the MODFLOW Hydrologic Simulator
Authors: Morway Eric D. , Provost Alden M. , Langevin Christian D. , Hughes Joseph D. , Russcher Martijn J. , Chen Chieh‐Ying , Lin Yu‐Feng F.
Published: February 2025

Heat transport in the subsurface is an important aspect of research related to the effects of a warming climate on ecological services (i.e., cold‐water refugia); the development of geothermal resources for energy banking schemes (i.e., aquifer thermal energy storage [ATES]); and the effects of temperature on other aspects of groundwater quality, such as nutrient cycling. Historically, simulation of heat transport using the MODFLOW groundwater simulator and related codes was performed by scaling the input parameters of a solute‐transport model to emulate heat transport. However, that approach required additional pre‐ and post‐processing of input and output and could not account for the variation in effective thermal storage and transport properties during transient, unsaturated flow, for example. True heat‐transport capabilities in the context of MODFLOW were first introduced in a variant called USG‐Transport. More recently, a new groundwater energy‐transport (GWE) model type has been added to MODFLOW 6, the core version of the MODFLOW hydrologic simulator. GWE supports the simulation of heat transport on structured or unstructured grids as well as within and between features of advanced packages that represent streams, lakes, multi‐aquifer wells, and the unsaturated zone. GWE is integrated within MODFLOW 6 and is accessible through the FloPy Python package and the MODFLOW 6 application programming interface (API). An example simulation demonstrates conduction between grid cells through both the water and the solid aquifer material, including thermal bleeding from saturated overburden cells into a groundwater flow field.
Burnout, Stress, and Wellbeing: The Rising Mental Health Crisis in UK Dentistry in Dental Care Professionals. A Quantitative Perspective
Authors: Durkin Jenny , Mumford Ceris
Published: February 2025

Research Aim

To determine if dental care professionals working in National Health Service (NHS) practices are more at risk of stress, wellbeing concerns and burnout than their private practice counterparts.

Introduction

In dentistry, stress, anxiety, and wellbeing concerns have been apparent for many years with burnout and poor mental health in dental registrants being described as early as the 1980s.

Methodology

An online platform‐based questionnaire was used to administer the chosen scales. Data from 201 participants were analysed (N = 201). The sample consisted of 31 dental nurses and 170 dental hygienists and dental therapists.

Results and Conclusions

A one‐way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) determined that there was no statistically significant difference between private and mixed practice dental professionals on the combined scales F (3, 190) = 0.76, p = 0.59, Wilks Lambda = 0.97, partial eta squared = 0.12. Dental hygienists, dental therapists and dental nurses working in mixed private and NHS dentistry are not more susceptible to stress, wellbeing issues and anxiety than their private counterparts according to the data set. This suggests that there are other factors associated in the mental health concerns of registered dental care professionals raised by the literature examined. The feelings and frustrations of dental registrants are likely to have lasting consequences for the provision of dentistry if working practices and hierarchical conditions do not improve patient access to both private and NHS dentistry. More research into the stress, wellbeing and burnout levels across dental registrants would be beneficial to explore the effects on the entire dental team, with a focus on solely working in NHS provision.
A hybrid protein is a functional molecule to reduce the cytokine storm caused by excessively activated macrophages
Authors: Ikemoto Masaki , Kotani Takuya , Okada Kohki , Matsuda Shogo , Takeuchi Tohru
Published: February 2025

We recently developed a hybrid protein, tentatively named human MIKO‐1 (hMIKO‐1), based on the amino acid sequences of human S100A8 (hS100A8) and hS100A9. Human THP‐1 macrophages (THP‐1m), differentiated from THP‐1 cells by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, were used to investigate the immune function of hMIKO‐1 as a drug for inflammatory diseases. Western blotting was conducted to confirm whether hMIKO‐1 binds with β‐actin and nuclear factor‐kappa B to form complexes in THP‐1m. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR were performed to examine changes in the messenger RNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines in THP‐1m. Fluorescent immunochemical staining was used to observe the intracellular localization of hMIKO‐1 and hS100A8 or hS100A9 in THP‐1m. As observed microscopically, the intracellular localization of hMIKO‐1 in THP‐1m was consistent with that of hS100A8, suggesting the close involvement of hS100A8 in the intracellular behavior of hMIKO‐1 in THP‐1m. Western blotting revealed that hMIKO‐1 formed complexes with intracellular proteins, such as β‐actin and nuclear factor‐kappa B, to negatively regulate inflammatory signal transduction in THP‐1m. Flow cytometry showed that the binding of hMIKO‐1 to THP‐1m significantly decreased when THP‐1m were preliminarily treated with a sialidase (neuraminidases) cocktail. Therefore, the present results strongly suggest that the binding of hMIKO‐1 to THP‐1m closely involves the sugar chains of the surface proteins of cells. The messenger RNA expression of each proinflammatory cytokine was significantly suppressed in THP‐1m preliminarily treated with hMIKO‐1 despite a subsequent stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. In conclusion, hMIKO‐1 is a functional molecule that significantly inhibits inflammatory signal transduction in THP‐1m.
The Acceptability of Psychedelic‐Assisted Therapy Amongst Mental Health Consumers: Utilising the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Louie Eva , Towers Ellen , Morse Alyssa R. , Watt Joshua , Bryant Zachary , Haber Paul , Morley Kirsten
Published: February 2025

Australian government approval has been granted for 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐methamphetamine (MDMA) treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder and psilocybin for treatment‐resistant depression, but the process of translating psychedelic‐assisted therapies (PAT) into more widespread use is complex. Along with establishing the efficacy and feasibility of PATs, their acceptability amongst consumers is a crucial factor of successful implementation. This study utilised the Theory of Planned Behaviour to evaluate the acceptability of PATs amongst mental health consumers, identifying potential influences of these attitudes and predictors of PAT uptake. Participants completed an online survey between February and July 2023. Survey items evaluated consumer characteristics, acceptability of PAT (effectiveness, efficacy and social norms) and behavioural intentions to undertake PAT. The 254 participants had a mean age of 42.5 years (SD = 12.8) and 79.1% were female. Three quarters expressed a desire to access PAT. Acceptability scores indicated strong agreement regarding the effectiveness of PAT, social norms that moderately endorsed PAT and mixed feelings about its expected efficacy. Whilst univariate analyses indicated that previous psychedelic experience was associated with increased acceptability of PAT (ds = 0.63–0.80), multivariate analyses revealed that intentions to access PAT were associated with higher acceptability scores (ds = 0.37–1.32) and poorer experiences of conventional therapy (d = −0.31). Although a relatively large portion of participants had used psychedelics recreationally, the desire to access PATs was more strongly related to its acceptability, along with more negative experiences of conventional therapy. This implies that mental health consumers who are looking for alternatives to conventional therapy may view PATs as a desirable option, despite some safety reservations.
Imaginative Interdependence: Imagination, Speculation and Aesthesis
Authors: Atkinson Dennis
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses the importance of creativity, speculative imagination and the production of novelty in pedagogic practices in art education and art practice. These terms refer to always incomplete assemblages or agencements of experiencing. Whitehead's ideas on imagination, speculation and propositions are linked with Stengers's work on speculation and the cosmic adventure. The paper proceeds to consider the notion of imaginative interdependence as a key leitmotif, illustrated by Haraway's (2016, p. 14) discussion of the children's game ‘cats cradle.’ Imaginative interdependence is then aligned with the notion of ‘agencement’ to move away from viewing practice or imagination as processes initiated by a prior or transcendent subjectivity, what we might call the phenomenological subject. In contrast, practice and imagination are conceived as emerging within agencements, interdependent relations, considered as cosmic adventures often involving human and non‐human participants. Such adventures are explored and problematised in the context of art education. Questions arise involving the contrast between the dispositifs of institutionalised art education and local agencements of art practice that may not conform. The notion of aesthesis is introduced to explore these contrasts as well as that pertaining to the contrast between established conventions of art education and the rupturing force of art's education that may open new modes of sensing and becoming. To conclude the paper builds upon the notion of agencements of imaginative interdependence in the context of art education by emphasising the importance of aesthesis and Deleuze and Guattari's call for a new earth and a people to come.
Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Patients 80 Years‐Old and Older: A Systematic Review
Authors: Eide Leslie S. P. , Sandvik Reidun K. N. , Jorem Gøril Tvedten , Boge Ranveig M. , Beisland Elisabeth Grov
Published: February 2025

Aims

To identify and report results from studies of anxiety and depression, as measured by The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients ≥ 80 years admitted to hospital settings, and to inform nurses, researchers and educators in nursing about these findings.

Design

Systematic review.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, Epistemonikos, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection of studies published until October 2023.

Methods

A search strategy was developed with a university librarian. Four independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data were systematically extracted, descriptively analysed, and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists were used to assess studies.

Results

Out of 7076 identified studies, three met the eligibility criteria. Data from 420 participants aged ≥ 80 years were analysed, revealing anxiety prevalence rates between 6% and 18% and mean scores below 4. Depression prevalence rates ranged from 7% to 17%, with a mean score below 4. Most patients with depression were not previously recognised as being depressed.

Conclusions

Few publications reported on anxiety and/or depression in hospitalised patients aged ≥ 80 years using HADS. A gap in the knowledge base has been identified.

Implications

Anxiety and depression are mental health conditions that can lead to adverse events and strongly affect aging. Increased understanding of the role that these conditions have on hospitalised patients ≥ 80 years is important for nurses when in contact with this patient group.

Impact

There is a need for more studies to generate evidence regarding anxiety and depression in an increasingly common and challenging hospital population by building upon evidence that is based on validated instruments such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Reporting Method

The PRISMA guideline was followed, and the review registered in PROSPERO (Registration number CRD 42022380943).

Patient Contribution

No patient or public contribution.

Trial Registration

CRD 42022380943
Impact of Collagen Membrane in Vertical Ridge Augmentation Using Ti‐Reinforced PTFE Mesh: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Urban Istvan A. , Serroni Matteo , Dias Debora R. , Baráth Zoltán , Forster Andras , Araújo Tiago G. , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Cucchi Alessandro , Ravidà Andrea
Published: February 2025

Aims

This non‐inferiority randomised clinical trial aimed to compare vertical bone gain (VBG), volumetric bone changes and incidence of complications after vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) using perforated titanium‐reinforced dense‐polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mesh covered by a collagen membrane (CM) or used alone.

Materials and Methods

Thirty patients with vertical bone defects were randomly assigned to receive VRA with either PTFE + CM or PTFE alone. Meshes were removed after 9 months. Clinical assessments included complication rates, pseudo‐periosteum type and bone density. VBG, effective regeneration rate and the need for additional augmentation were evaluated using CBCT reconstructions.

Results

Non‐inferiority of PTFE alone compared with PTFE + CM was not demonstrated for absolute and relative VBG (4.5 ± 2.1 mm vs. 4.1 ± 2.7 mm, 79.2% ± 16.6% vs. 85.8% ± 10.6%, respectively), effective regeneration rates (69.3% ± 17.9% vs. 72.3% ± 16.4%, respectively) or complication rates (6.7% in both groups). A higher incidence of type 1 pseudo‐periosteum was observed in the PTFE + CM group.

Conclusion

The non‐inferiority of PTFE alone compared with PTFE + CM for absolute VBG was not established. However, both techniques led to comparable outcomes for VBG, complication rates and bone density. The higher incidence of type 1 pseudo‐periosteum and lacking bone volume in the PTFE + CM group suggests that adding a collagen membrane may help prevent soft tissue ingrowth.

Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identification number: NCT04843488
Stridulation sounds of the pacamã Lophiosilurus alexandriSteindachner, 1876 (Pseudopimelodidae), a threatened endemic Brazilian catfish
Authors: Raick Xavier , Kurchevski Gregório , Godinho Alexandre Lima
Published: February 2025

Pseudopimelodidae comprises 49 species of freshwater catfish endemic to South America, with limited research on their acoustic behaviour. This study focuses on the pacamã Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876, a vulnerable catfish species endemic to the São Francisco River basin, known for its ecological and economic importance. Sound production by this species was analysed for the first time. Three individuals were recorded while being held underwater revealing the production of two distinct sound types (type I and type II) associated with pectoral fin movements (abduction and adduction). Sounds were 85–135 ms long with a variable number of pulses or peaks. Type II sounds were longer and louder than type I sounds, with both types showing a similar peak frequency ranging between 200 and 500 Hz. The sounds were produced alternately by the pectoral fins, with occasional lateralization. More research is needed to determine whether these sounds can be used for monitoring or if they lack sufficient species‐specific characteristics.
Sexual and Gender Minority Migrants' Experiences of Health Service Access and Utilisation: A Qualitative Meta‐Synthesis
Authors: Gottvall Maria , Péter‐Szabó Osszián , Isaac Rummage , Aav Christoffer , Norgren Erik , Carlsson Tommy
Published: February 2025

Aims

To describe and synthesise qualitative studies exploring sexual and gender minority migrants' experiences of health service access and utilisation.

Design

Systematic meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies.

Data Sources

Systematic searches in four databases and citation screening were conducted in 2023 and 2024. English‐language empirical qualitative studies published in scientific journals within 10 years were included. Of 1109 screened, 21 reports were included.

Methods

Included reports were appraised using CASP and JBI checklists. Extracted results were analysed with inductive content analysis in a collaborative process.

Results

All reports had acceptable quality, including 365 participants from 72 countries. A range of external and internal barriers to accessing health services were reported, including financial constraints and fears. Although migrants expressed an appreciation of health services, they also experienced non‐affirming behaviours and discrimination related to their intersecting identities. Several essential components in health services necessary to cater to the needs of migrants were addressed, including the personality and manner of health professionals as well as adherence to confidentiality.

Conclusion

Barriers to health services, intersectional discrimination and non‐affirming behaviours when interacting with health services are pressing issues that need further attention.

Implication for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Ensuring safety through affirming support is key to achieving high‐quality and accessible health services for sexual and gender minority migrants. Nurses and other health professionals need to carefully consider intersectional layers related to sensitivity and safety when supporting sexual and gender minority migrants. Open, friendly, validating, respectful and encouraging communication is essential in clinical settings.

Impact

This review addressed experiences of health services amongst a marginalised population. The findings highlight the importance of affirming care and are relevant for health professionals, stakeholders and decision‐makers.

Reporting Method

ENTREQ.

Patient or Public Contribution

Two persons with lived experience were involved in the meta‐synthesis.
Relationship Between Depression and Suicide Attempts: The Moderating Effect of Social Network
Authors: Kim Dongwoo , Lee Yeonju , Choi Sungwon
Published: February 2025

Studies of protective factors regarding the suicidal risk in individuals with depression commonly suggest that social resources are important. However, there are some incoherent results that may be due to the cognitive distortion of depressed people. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship using social network variables, a relatively objective measurement method. The 145 participants were college students who studied in Seoul, South Korea. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), the Suicide Ideation Scale, and an indicator evaluating the number of social networks were used. In the relationship between depression and suicide attempts, the size of social networks showed a significant moderating effect. In particular, when the size of the social network is fewer than six people, it is found that there is a conditional effect, confirming that the minimum human resources play an important role in identifying the risk of suicide attempts. This study may be meaningful in that it uses social network variables to examine the impact of social resources in more diverse aspects and to present specific goals for suicide crisis intervention.
The Saliency of Attachment, Affiliation, and Caregiving Functions in Japanese Young Adults' Relationships with their Mothers and Friends
Authors: Handa Kyonosuke , Azuma Tomomi , Umemura Tomotaka
Published: February 2025

Emerging adults' relationships with their mothers and friends serve attachment, affiliation, and caregiving functions. The attachment function provides security. The affiliation function promotes mutual partnerships. The caregiving function involves caring for others. However, few non‐Western studies have examined the degree and role of the three functions. This study recruited 100 Japanese university students (Mage = 20.91 years, SD = 1.35 years, women = 50) and evaluated relationship functions using a narrative method, the Three‐Words Interview. Similar to findings from Western contexts, Japanese emerging adults were more likely to perceive the attachment function of their mothers and the affiliation function of their friends. Additionally, men were less likely to use these three relationship functions in friendships than women. Finally, this study found links between the attachment function of mothers and mental health and between the affiliation function of friends and social competence. These findings emphasize the distinct functions of mothers and friends in emerging adults.
Vertical Transmission in Mothers Taking TAF With Exceptionally High Viral Load
Authors: Zou Huaibin , Zhu Liying , Cao Lihua , Suo Shuyi , Zhu Yunxia , Wang Yuanyuan , Dong Jingchao , Han Baiyila , Duan Zhongping , Chen Yu , Pan Calvin Q.
Published: February 2025

Published studies on tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) therapy for preventing vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have primarily enrolled mothers with viremic levels of approximately 7 log10 IU/mL. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TAF therapy in preventing mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) in mothers with exceptionally high viral loads, defined as HBV DNA levels > 2,000,000 IU/mL. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive mothers with HBV DNA levels > 2,000,000 IU/mL were prospectively enrolled from four hospitals and initiated on TAF therapy between gestational weeks 26 and 28, continuing until delivery. All infants received immunoprophylaxis and were followed up to 28 weeks postpartum. The primary endpoints were the MTCT rate and the occurrence of congenital abnormalities in infants. Secondary outcomes included maternal HBV suppression at delivery and the safety of both mothers and infants. Among 137 mothers screened, 120 were enrolled in TAF therapy, and 121 infants completed the study. At delivery, 93.3% (112/120) of mothers achieved HBV DNA levels < 200,000 IU/mL. At birth, 0.8% (1/121) of infants had a congenital malformation, and 9.9% (12/121) tested positive for HBsAg. The vertical transmission rate was 2% (2/121, intention‐to‐treat) at 28 weeks of age. No severe adverse effects were reported in mothers or infants. On‐treatment and postpartum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flares after TAF cessation occurred in 7.5% (9/120) and 41.1% (46/112) of mothers, respectively, alongside viral rebound after cessation. Infant physical development remained within normal ranges based on national reference standards. In summary, approximately 2% of mothers on TAF therapy during late pregnancy experienced MTCT, despite proper immunoprophylaxis for their infants. Extending the treatment duration beyond 12 weeks for mothers with extremely high viral loads is recommended to improve MTCT prevention. No safety concerns were observed for either mothers or infants.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04237376
Perceived HBV‐Related Stigma Is Associated With Lower Antiviral Medication Adherence in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Juon Hee‐Soon , Yang Daniel , Fang Cindy Xin , Hann Hie‐Won , Bae Ho , Chang Mimi , Klassen Ann C.
Published: February 2025

Medication nonadherence among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can lead to severe liver disease progression, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yet the factors that influence adherence in high‐risk groups, like Korean Americans, remain unclear. Thus, this study explored the psychosocial and clinical factors affecting medication adherence in CHB patients. A cohort of 365 Korean American patients with CHB from two clinics in Philadelphia and Los Angeles was studied. The 8‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS‐8) gauged their adherence to antiviral medication. Using descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses, we identified factors associated with MMAS‐8 scores. Of the participants, 78% were undergoing antiviral therapy, with over two‐thirds (69%) reporting medium to high adherence levels. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age, knowledge of sequalae of CHB, perceived HBV stigma and possession of pharmacy plan were associated with medication adherence. Older participants had higher medication adherence than younger. High knowledge of sequalae of CHB and low perceived HBV stigma were associated with higher medication adherence. Having pharmacy plans was also associated with higher medication adherence to antiviral therapy. These findings highlight the critical role of person‐related factors (e.g., knowledge and stigma) and healthcare factors in medication adherence. Future research should focus on developing targeted educational interventions focusing on personal factors to improve medication adherence among Korean American patients with CHB.
Conceptualizing identity construction in language teacher education
Authors: LaScotte Darren K.
Published: February 2025

The construct of identity has been widely debated among social theorists, as previous understandings of identity have given way to new conceptualizations that consider the important impact of social contextual and material factors. In light of this, it is clear that our theories of identity construction require heightened consideration of the dynamicity of such social and material factors, as do our analytical frameworks. This article compares different theoretical frameworks and heuristics that researchers have used to document and explore identity construction in terms of their analytic potential and how they have been used to shape scholarship related to language teacher identity. Following each of these descriptions, I identify areas where the use of a single theoretical and analytical framework may fall short of providing a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of identity construction. In doing so, I echo and bolster previous arguments for complementary, multilayered, and integrated identity models that may prove most useful for future research in language teacher identity construction, and which can contribute broadly to language‐centered and sociomaterial identity inquiry across academic disciplines.
Tracking hidden dimensions of plant biogeography from herbaria
Authors: Daru Barnabas H.
Published: February 2025

Plants are diverse, but investigating their ecology and evolution in nature across geographic and temporal scales to predict how species will respond to global change is challenging. With their geographic and temporal breadth, herbarium data provide physical evidence of the existence of a species in a place and time. The remarkable size of herbarium collections along with growing digitization efforts around the world and the possibility of extracting functional traits and geographic data from preserved plant specimens makes them invaluable resources for advancing our understanding of changing species distributions over time, functional biogeography, and conserving plant communities. Here, I synthesize core aspects of plant biogeography that can be gleaned from herbaria along changing distributions, attributes (functional biogeography), and conservation biogeography across the globe. I advocate for a collaborative, multisite, and multispecies research to harness the full potential of these collections while addressing the inherent challenges of using herbarium data for biogeography and macroecological investigations. Ultimately, these data present untapped resources and opportunities to enable predictions of plant species' responses to global change and inform effective conservation planning.
Just scratching the surface: A review of pediatric skin allergies
Authors: Baker Mary Grace , Ford Lara S. , Campbell Dianne E. , Sampson Hugh A.
Published: February 2025

The skin is a large and sophisticated organ populated by innate and adaptive immune effector cells. These immune cells provide a critical first line of defense against pathogens, but genetic and environmental factors can lead to inappropriate signaling that may manifest as hypersensitivity. The most common cutaneous allergic disorders in children include atopic dermatitis, urticaria/angioedema, and contact dermatitis. In this review, we will briefly review these conditions, with a focus on recent developments in our understanding of the diagnosis and management of these disorders.
First do no harm: Client and staff experiences of negative effects from dialectical behaviour therapy
Authors: Lawson Zazie , Farquharson Lorna
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Research has shown that dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is effective in reducing self‐harm and suicidal ideation, but there is also some evidence of negative effects with differences in the reports from clients and staff. However, no research has focused on both groups' understandings of negative effects. This study aimed to explore client and staff experiences of the negative effects from DBT, investigate how their understandings compare, and how staff address any negative effects that arise.

Methods

Eight client participants and seven staff participants, who had experienced or witnessed negative experiences from DBT, engaged in semi‐structured interviews, the transcripts of which were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Four themes relating to client experiences were generated: ‘I'm the problem’, ‘DBT can do no wrong’, ‘No understanding of trauma’ and ‘An unhealthy “blueprint for relationships”’. Five themes relating to staff experiences were generated: ‘It's not me, it's the client’, ‘DBT or nothing’, ‘We don't do ‘why’ in DBT’, ‘We did make some changes’ and ‘Organisational “restrictions”’.

Conclusions

Both staff and clients understood negative effects from DBT to include pathologisation and re‐traumatisation. However, whilst clients related negative effects to the therapeutic relationship, staff highlighted the impact of organisational restrictions. The findings support a number of changes to practice, particularly the need to recognise potential negative effects and provide meaningful informed consent procedures.
Impact of Microcredit on Performance of Women‐Owned Non‐Farm Microenterprises
Authors: Namayengo Faith Muyonga M. , Antonides Gerrit , van Ophem Johan
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates microcredit outcomes in Uganda, where non‐farm enterprises are critical for complementing farming incomes and diversifying livelihoods. It investigates the effects of microcredit on the performance of non‐farm microenterprises (MEs) run by female small‐holder farmers, using quasi‐experimental cross‐sectional and panel designs. The average loan amount was $278, while the monetary worth of MEs for old borrowers (OBs) and new borrowers (NBs) were $280 and $184, respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) revealed a 24% and 47% increase in funds used to restock and in ME monetary value, respectively, but no differences in ME profits. Difference‐in‐difference analysis (DiD) over 1 year showed improvements in ME monetary value and employee numbers but no effect on profits, trade expenses, or restocking. Across both methods, no improvement in ME profit levels was observed. However, the increase in monetary worth suggests potential profit growth over time. The borrowing context, repayment terms, and the type and size of MEs appeared to limit profitability. This study highlights the importance of understanding microcredit impacts in contexts where non‐farm enterprises are pivotal to rural livelihoods.
FDI Determinants in Developing Countries: A Firm‐Level Analysis
Authors: Cerdeira Jorge , Fortuna Natércia
Published: February 2025

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been an important driver of economic growth in developing countries. Between 2005 and 2017, FDI grew significantly in developing countries as the corresponding global growth rate of FDI inflows is around 32 percentage points higher than the world growth rate. The purpose of this paper is to analyze FDI determinants at the firm level in developing countries. Using a sample of 96,826 firms from 125 countries between 2005 and 2017, we adopt a fractional probit regression with endogenous covariates, a more suitable estimation method for addressing the FDI variable. The micro‐level results show that exports, investment, and human capital have a statistically positive impact on FDI inflows, while credit barriers and taxes have a negative effect. Also, market size and resources foster FDI, whereas inflation and environmental emissions lower foreign investment levels. This study demonstrates that governments wishing to attract FDI should adopt a variety of policies, including the promotion of international trade and measures that boost investment and human capital in firms and ease the access to credit.
Characterization, prediction and implications of compartments in a mixed carbonate–siliciclastic mass‐transport complex: The Cutoff Formation, Permian Basin, Texas
Authors: Simabrata Hanaga , Jobe Zane , Wood Lesli , Cardona Sebastian , Hou Pengfei
Published: February 2025

Recent studies suggest that mass‐transport complexes can be vertically compartmentalized (i.e. contain multiple internal units or sub‐units), either by amalgamation of successive mass failures or by internal shear within a single failure event. While this compartmentalization has been documented in seismic studies, comprehensive characterization at the sub‐seismic (outcrop) scale is still lacking. Limited understanding of such complexity hampers high‐resolution modelling in the subsurface. This study utilizes the well‐exposed mass‐transport complex outcrops of the mixed carbonate–siliciclastic Cutoff Formation to characterize sub‐seismic compartment architecture, compartment lithofacies and deformation styles, as well as to explore how compartmentalization may affect rock properties. The studied mass‐transport complex has at least three stacked lithofacies units with significant internal deformation (i.e. compartments) that are bounded by extensive termination surfaces. A shear zone that formed along compartment boundaries further delineates the mass‐transport complex into multiple sub‐compartments. The available data cannot unequivocally distinguish whether the compartments were formed by a single or multiple mass‐failure events. Abrupt changes in lithofacies, microstructure styles and deformation fabric (linked to palaeotransport direction) could be used as recognition criteria in borehole data to identify compartmentalizations in mass‐transport complexes. The variability of compartment/sub‐compartment characteristics and their associated bounding surfaces can affect anisotropy and can form mechanical boundaries and hydraulic barriers/conduits in the subsurface. The ubiquity of mass‐transport complexes in the sedimentary record makes these deposits important factors in formation evaluation for hydrocarbon development, carbon sequestration, hydrogen storage and enhanced geothermal systems.
Unravelling the evolution of mycetophagy and phytophagy in fungus weevils (Curculionoidea: Anthribidae): Phylogenomic insights into Anthribinae paraphyly and tribal non‐monophyly
Authors: McKenna Duane D. , Oberprieler Rolf G. , Marvaldi Adriana E. , Brown Samuel D. J. , Charles Michael A. , de Medeiros Bruno A. S. , Farrell Brian D. , Leschen Richard A. B. , Mermudes José Ricardo M. , Orellana K. Samanta , Shin Seunggwan , Stals Riaan , Li Xuankun
Published: February 2025

Fungus weevils (family Anthribidae) are morphologically and ecologically diverse, with highly varied feeding habits, mainly mycetophagy but also phytophagy, palynophagy and entomophagy. The phylogeny of the family is virtually unexplored, its evolutionary history obscure; thus, the existing classification is controversial and likely artificial. We generated the first multi‐gene higher‐level phylogeny estimate of Anthribidae using DNA data from 400 nuclear genes obtained via anchored hybrid enrichment from 40 species representing 17 tribes plus genera incertae sedis. As in previous studies, the family Anthribidae was consistently recovered as the sister group of Nemonychidae. We recovered two main clades in Anthribidae as sister groups with strong statistical support, viz. a monophyletic subfamily Urodontinae and the traditionally recognized Anthribinae, which was rendered paraphyletic by the subfamily Choraginae. Paraphyly and polyphyly among tribes of Anthribinae indicate that current tribal concepts—all based on morphology and without phylogenetic analysis—are artificial. Based on our results, we subsume the subfamily Choraginae into Anthribinae and place its six current tribes (Apolectini, Araecerini, Choragini, Cisanthribini, Valenfriesiini and Xenorchestini) in an expanded subfamily Anthribinae. We also transfer three genera currently treated as Anthribinae incertae sedis to three generally recognized tribes, namely Pleosporius Holloway to Sintorini, Xylanthribus Kuschel to Proscoporhinini and Anthribidus Fåhraeus to Platystomini. The phylogenetic positions of Urodontinae and Trigonorhinini suggest that phytophagy is the ancestral feeding mode of Anthribidae, with a few taxa of Anthribinae having secondarily evolved plant‐feeding from mycetophagy, the predominant feeding habit of the subfamily. Overall, our results provide the first molecular phylogenetic context for research on Anthribidae and a first step towards reconstructing a natural tribal classification of the Anthribinae. Our study highlights the need for a phylogenetic approach, sampling of type genera and deeper taxon sampling to identify natural tribal‐level groupings.
Are National Spatial Data Infrastructures Adequate for Achieving the 2030 Agenda? A Case Study of Brazil's NSDI from the Perspective of UN‐GGIM Fundamental Themes
Authors: Nunes Darlan Miranda , Camboim Silvana Philippi
Published: February 2025

Geospatial data are vital for monitoring progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outlined in the 2030 Agenda. National Spatial Data Infrastructures (NSDIs) facilitate geospatial data interoperability, providing essential strategic information. However, despite their recognized importance, there is an evident gap between the intended potential of NSDIs and their actual effectiveness in fulfilling these roles. This paper critically evaluates the adequacy of the Brazilian NSDI (INDE) concerning the 14 global fundamental geospatial data themes endorsed by the UN‐GGIM. An open‐source framework was developed in the Python programming language to systematically retrieve, categorize, and analyze all geospatial data from INDE's GeoPortal, aligning them with the UN‐GGIM geospatial data themes. The findings reveal that all 14 themes are represented by freely accessible data, although some are only minimally covered, and significant shortcomings exist in data completeness, detail, and usability. The analysis highlights the urgent need for restructuring the NSDI to incorporate new data providers, such as local governments, academic institutions, and volunteered geographic information sources, to ensure more detailed and up‐to‐date geospatial data. Study limitations, such as reliance on keywords for classification method, underscore the need for further research, although these findings highlight similar challenges and opportunities for other NSDIs. Without substantial enhancements, the Brazilian NSDI—and possibly NSDIs in general—may not adequately support the data needs required for achieving SDGs. This calls for immediate action to expand and improve NSDIs, emphasizing inclusivity, metadata standardization, and user‐centric design to enhance their relevance and effectiveness in supporting decision‐making for sustainable development.
Expanded use of liquid plasma in non‐emergency transfusions: A single academic institution experience
Authors: Connor Joseph P. , Jaladi Soumya , Cao Wenjing , Lehman Debra M. , Raife Thomas J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Liquid plasma (LP) is isolated from whole blood donations, never frozen, and can be immediately transfused. Its primary indication is initial treatment of patients undergoing massive transfusion. To minimize wastage of this resource, we expanded the use of LP to include surgical and routine transfusions.

Methods

Our medical record was queried for plasma transfusions with at least one unit of LP issued. Chart review identified the indications for transfusion (emergency use, surgical use, or routine transfusion) and assessed effects of LP on coagulopathy, the use of additional blood products, and mortality. LP cases were categorized into two groups based on the fraction of LP transfused (≤50% or >50% LP). A control group of routine transfusion using only thawed plasma (TP) was reviewed and statistically compared to those cases where LP was included.

Results

Eight hundred ninety cases were studied including 34% emergency/massive transfusion events, 44% surgical cases, and 11% routine transfusions. In surgeries using LP, there were no significant differences in outcomes based on higher fractions of LP transfused. The correction of coagulopathy, the need for additional blood products, and the encounter‐specific mortality were consistent across both routine transfusions with higher fractions of LP and comparing LP transfusion events to control TP transfusion events.

Conclusion

The utilization of LP in surgical cases and routine plasma transfusions was not associated with worse clinical outcomes and effectively prevented product waste. This report supports the broader use of and further study of LP in patient care.
Exploring the nature of Y(4230) and Y(4360) in B decays
Authors: Liu Ming-Zhu , Wu Qi
Published: February 2025

Vector charmonium states can be directly produced in the

$$e^+e^{-}$$

e
+

e
-

annihilation process. Among them, Y(4230) and Y(4360) splitting from the previously discovered Y(4260) are not easily arranged into the conventional charmonium spectrum, while recent studies have indicated that they have strong couplings to

$$D\bar{D}_1$$

D

D

¯

1

and

$$D^*\bar{D}_1.$$

D
∗

D

¯

1

.

In this work, we investigate the production of Y(4230) and Y(4360) as the heavy-quark spin symmetry doublet hadronic molecules of

$$D\bar{D}_1$$

D

D

¯

1

and

$$D^*\bar{D}_1$$

D
∗

D

¯

1

in B decays via the triangle diagram mechanism. In particular, we propose that the decay constants of Y(4230) and Y(4360) extracted in B decays are useful for clarifying their nature.
Two-term Kummer function solutions of the 1D Schrödinger equation
Authors: Melikdzhanian David , Ishkhanyan Artur
Published: February 2025

We explore the application of fundamental solutions, constructed as irreducible linear combinations with variable coefficients of two Kummer confluent hypergeometric functions, to solve the one-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equation. This approach offers a new technique for tackling this equation, particularly well-suited for singular potentials exhibiting non-monotonic behavior, a challenge for traditional methods. We focus on a specific family of four-parameter potential wells defined on the positive semi-axis using the Lambert-W function. For these wells, the potential energy increases toward the origin but tends to zero at infinity. We present solutions in the form of linear combinations of Kummer functions and their derivatives, along with power functions and exponents. We then explore two specific well types within this family, analyzing the energy spectrum of the quantum system for each case.
An efficient model for detecting retinal diseases from fundus images using deep learning
Authors: Truong Vy Ho Uyen , Tran Thuan Nhat Anh , Le Bao Quang , Nguyen Tung Thanh , Huynh Bao
Published: February 2025

Detection of retinal abnormalities is an interesting problem that has attracted the attention of several studies. Although many works have been published on this topic, they are still ineffective when applied to real data from medical facilities due to conditions and constraints that lead to low efficiency. To address this problem, this paper proposes an effective model to detect signs of retinal diseases, including glaucoma, cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy. The proposed model EfficientNet-TL combines transfer learning techniques with the EfficientNet network architecture to improve accuracy. In addition, EfficientNet-TL also applies the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) technique to extract information about the structure and shape of abnormal regions on fundus images and the LBP technique to extract image texture features and recognize small changes on the retinal surface. Experimental results on the image dataset showed that the proposed model EfficientNet-TL achieved high efficiency with an accuracy of up to 93%, which is superior to the previous models.
Blockchain-Empowered Trustworthy Data Sharing: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Linh , Nguyen Lam , Hoang Thong , Bandara Dilum , Wang Qin , Lu Qinghua , Xu Xiwei , Zhu Liming , Chen Shiping
Published: February 2025

The rise of data-sharing platforms, driven by public demand for open data and legislative mandates, has raised several pertinent issues. These encompass uncertainties over data accuracy, provenance and lineage, privacy concerns, consent management, and the lack of equitable incentives for data providers. The advanced nature of blockchain makes it well-suited to address these concerns. Yet, the limitations of blockchains, particularly their restricted performance, scalability, and high cost, make them less adept at managing the four “V” of big data - volume, variety, velocity, and veracity. As the body of work proposing blockchain-based data-sharing solutions grows, so does the confusion in selecting between these platforms, particularly in terms of sharing mechanisms, services, quality of services, and applications. In this paper, we aim to fill this knowledge gap through an in-depth survey of blockchain-based data-sharing architectures and applications. We first identify the key challenges of existing data-sharing techniques and lay out the foundations of blockchains. Our focus then shifts to the intersection of blockchain and data sharing, wherein we aim to clarify the existing landscape and propose a reference architecture for blockchain-based data sharing. Subsequently, we explore various industrial applications of blockchain-based data sharing, spanning healthcare, smart grids, transportation, and decarbonization. For each application, we draw from real-world deployments to present key lessons learned in the implementation of blockchain-based data sharing. Lastly, we shed light on current research challenges and open avenues for further study in this space. This paper aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for researchers/practitioners looking to navigate the complex terrain of blockchain-based data-sharing solutions.
Green Federated Learning: A New Era of Green Aware AI
Authors: Thakur Dipanwita , Guzzo Antonella , Fortino Giancarlo , Piccialli Francesco
Published: February 2025

The development of AI applications, especially in large-scale wireless networks, is growing exponentially, alongside the size and complexity of the architectures used. Particularly, machine learning is acknowledged as one of today’s most energy-intensive computational applications, posing a significant challenge to the environmental sustainability of next-generation intelligent systems. Achieving environmental sustainability entails ensuring that every AI algorithm is designed with sustainability in mind, integrating green considerations from the architectural phase onwards. Recently, Federated Learning (FL), with its distributed nature, presents new opportunities to address this need. Hence, it’s imperative to elucidate the potential and challenges stemming from recent FL advancements and their implications for sustainability. Moreover, it’s crucial to furnish researchers, stakeholders, and interested parties with a roadmap to navigate and understand existing efforts and gaps in green-aware AI algorithms. This survey primarily aims to achieve this objective by identifying and analyzing over a hundred FL works and assessing their contributions to green-aware artificial intelligence for sustainable environments, with a specific focus on IoT research. It delves into current issues in green federated learning from an energy-efficient standpoint, discussing potential challenges and future prospects for green IoT application research.