bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of Novel Primers for the Detection of Genes Encoding Diverse Enzymes of Methylotrophy and Autotrophy
Authors: HUNG WEI-LIAN , WADE WILLIAM G. , CHEN YIN , KELLY DONOVAN P. , WOOD ANN P.
Published: November 2019

The phylogenetic significance of the diversity of key enzymes of methylotrophic and autotrophic metabolism is discussed. Primers for these key enzymes were designed using gene sequences encoding methanol dehydrogenase (mxaF; using subsets from database sequences for 22 Bacteria), hydroxypyruvate reductase (hpr; 36 sequences), methylamine dehydrogenase (mauA; 12 sequences), methanesulfonate monooxygenase (msmA; four sequences), and the ccbL and cbbM genes of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (26 and 23 sequences). These were effective in amplifying the correct gene products for the target genes in reference organisms and in test organisms not previously shown to contain the genes, as well as in some methylotrophic Proteobacteria isolated from the human mouth. The availability of the new primers increases the probability of detecting diverse examples of the genes encoding these key enzymes both in natural populations and in isolated bacterial strains.
Characterization of Mutations Causing Rifampicin and Isoniazid Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Syria
Authors: MADANIA AMMAR , HABOUS MAYA , ZARZOUR HANA , GHOURY IFAD , HEBBO BAREA
Published: November 2019

In order to characterize mutations causing rifampicin and isoniazid resistance of M. tuberculosis in Syria, 69 rifampicin resistant (Rif(r)) and 72 isoniazid resistant (Inh(r)) isolates were screened for point mutations in hot spots of the rpoB, katG and inhA genes by DNA sequencing and real time PCR. Of 69 Rif(r) isolates, 62 (90%) had mutations in the rifampin resistance determining region (RRDR) of the rpoB gene, with codons 531 (61%), 526 (13%), and 516 (8.7%) being the most commonly mutated. We found two new mutations (Asp516Thr and Ser531Gly) described for the first time in the rpoB-RRDR in association with rifampicin resistance. Only one mutation (Ile572Phe) was found outside the rpoB-RRDR. Of 72 Inh(r) strains, 30 (41.6%) had a mutation in katGcodon315 (with Ser315Thr being the predominant alteration), and 23 (32%) harbored the inhA(-15C-->T) mutation. While the general pattern of rpoB-RRDR and katG mutations reflected those found worldwide, the prevalence of the inhA(-15C-->T mutation was above the value found in most other countries, emphasizing the great importance of testing the inhA(-15C-->T) mutation for prediction of isoniazid resistance in Syria. Sensitivity of a rapid test using real time PCR and 3'-Minor groove binder (MGB) probes in detecting Rif(r) and Inh(r) isolates was 90% and 69.4%, respectively. This demonstrates that a small set of MGB-probes can be used in real time PCR in order to detect most mutations causing resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid.
Impact of Operational Parameters on Bacterial Community in a Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: CYDZIK-KWIATKOWSKA AGNIESZKA , ZIELIŃSKA MAGDALENA , WOJNOWSKA-BARYŁA IRENA
Published: November 2019

A bacterial community in activated sludge from a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant was monitored throughout the year with the use of FISH, RISA and DGGE techniques. In the investigated range of temperatures (11.9-21.6 degrees C), a rise in temperature resulted in a lower total bacteria richness, while organic load rate changes from 0.09 to 0.21 g COD x g TSS(-1) x d(-1) were positively correlated with the number of bands in RISA patterns. The most diverse pattern (29 different bands) was characteristic for the activated sludge sample collected at the end of January at wastewater temperature of 11.9 degrees C. The ammonia-oxidising bacteria community did not change during the study, and comprised of 4 different bacterial populations with one dominant species closely related to Nitrosospira sp. REGAU (GenBank accession number AY635572.1). The percentage of ammonia-oxidising bacteria in the activated sludge varied from 6.2 to 19.5% and depended on temperature (R = 0.61, p = 0:02) and organic load rate (R = -0.55, p = 0.04).
Purification and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulase from Bacillus sp. Isolated from a Paddy Field
Authors: VIJAYARAGHAVAN PONNUSWAMY , VINCENT S.G. PRAKASH
Published: November 2019

A microorganism hydrolyzing carboxymethyl cellulose was isolated from a paddy field and identified as Bacillus sp. Production of cellulase by this bacterium was found to be optimal at pH 6.5, 37 degrees C and 150 rpm of shaking. This cellulase was purified to homogeneity by the combination of ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE cellulose, and sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography. The cellulase was purified up to 14.5 fold and had a specific activity of 246 U/mg protein. The enzyme was a monomeric cellulase with a relative molecular mass of 58 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme exhibited its optimal activity at 50 degrees C and pH 6.0. The enzyme was stable in the pH range of 5.0 to 7.0 and its stability was maintained for 30 min at 50 degrees C and its activity got inhibited by Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Na2+, and Ca2+.
Synthesis of Lead Nanoparticles by Aspergillus Species
Authors: PAVANI K.V. , KUMAR N. SUNIL , SANGAMESWARAN B.B.
Published: November 2019

In the context of the current demand to develop green technologies in material synthesis, a natural process in the synthesis of lead particles by Aspergillus species to suit such technology is reported. The fungal strain was grown in medium containing different concentrations of lead (0.2-1.5 mM) to determine its resistance to heavy metals. The organism was found to utilize some mechanism and accumulate lead particles outside and inside the cell. The extracellular presence of lead particles in the range of 1.77-5.8 microm was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of particles of lead in the 5-20 nm size range was found on the cell surface, in the periplasmic space and in the cytoplasm and was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy.
Biofilm Production and Presence of ica and bap Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Cows with Mastitis in the Eastern Poland
Authors: SZWEDA PIOTR , SCHIELMANN MARTA , MILEWSKI SŁAWOMIR , FRANKOWSKA ANETA , JAKUBCZAK ANTONI
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study was phenotypic and genotypic analysis of 132 S. aureus strains isolated from mastitis in eastern Poland in respect to their biofilm formation ability. The analysis of the size polymorphism of fragment X in the gene encoding protein A (spa) revealed high genetic differentiation of the analyzed group of isolates. The ability of biofilm formation by the isolates was tested using two phenotypic methods. The Congo Red plate assay was found to be irreproducible and very subjective. More objective results were obtained using the spectrophotometric, microtiter plate assay. Most of the isolates, namely 76/132 (57.6 %) were classified as biofilm producers depending on the value of absorbance in the microtiter plate test. All of the isolates tested were found to possess both icaA and icaD genes, while the bap gene was absent in all strains.
The Yersinia High-Pathogenicity Island in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Polymicrobial Infections
Authors: KOCZURA RYSZARD , MOKRACKA JOANNA , KAZNOWSKI ADAM
Published: November 2019

We examined 12 pairs of strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from mixed infections in human for the presence of the Yersinia high-pathogenicity island (HPI). In one case both isolates carried the HPI, whereas in 11 cases one strain of the pair was HPI-positive. Although there were differences in the organization of the Yersinia HPI, all HPI-positive isolates were able to produce yersiniabactin. The presence of the Yersinia HPI may enhance the capability of strains involved in mixed infections to replicate in iron-deprived conditions in the host.
Q Fever at the Turn of the Century
Authors: CHMIELEWSKI TOMASZ , TYLEWSKA-WIERZBANOWSKA STANISŁAWA
Published: November 2019

Q fever is an infectious zoonotic disease characterized by sudden fever, headache, and atypical pneumonia, caused by Coxiella burneti--an obligatory intracellular parasite. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the genes sequences, the classification was changed and C. burnetii species was included to the gamma subgroup of the proteobacteria, Legionellales order and Coxiellaceae family. This analysis showed more than 99% sequence similarity of 16SrRNA gene among the strains isolated in different regions of the world. Q fever is a widespread in the world zoonosis. Its main reservoir in the rural environment are farm animals: cows, sheep, goats, and urban pets such as dogs, cats, rabbits. In acute infection these bacteria are detected in various internal organs such as lungs, liver, spleen, and in excretion in urine, faeces and milk. During childbirth, they occur in large number in the amniotic fluid and placenta. Recently, it has been found that free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellani may also be a reservoir of the pathogen. The intra-amoebal location of C. burnetii cells was observed.
Synergy between Novel Antimicrobials and Conventional Antibiotics or Bacteriocins
Authors: WOLSKA KRYSTYNA I. , GRZEŚ KATARZYNA , KUREK ANNA
Published: November 2019

Due to the alarming spread of resistance to classic antimicrobial agents, innovative therapeutic methods to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens are urgently required. This minireview examines the enhancement of antibiotic efficacy by their combination with new antimicrobials, such as plant-derived compounds, metal ions and nanoparticles and bacteriophage lytic enzymes. The mechanisms of the observed synergy are also described. The promising results of basic research indicate that in future, combined therapy may be applied in human and veterinary medicine, agriculture and the food industry to combat bacterial pathogens.
Virulence Genes Profiles and Phylogenetic Origin of Escherichia coli from Acute and Chronic Intestinal Diseases Revealed by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Microarray
Authors: SOBIESZCZAŃSKA BEATA , KASPRZYKOWSKA URSZULA , TURNIAK MICHAŁ , MACIEJEWSKI HENRYK , FRANICZEK ROMAN , DUDA-MADEJ ANNA
Published: November 2019

The association between Escherichia coli virulence factors and chronic intestinal disorders is mostly unknown. The presented study compared the distribution of virulence genes and phylogroups among E. coli isolated from chronic intestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with strains isolated from patients with acute diarrhea as a control group. The presence of 159 virulence genes corresponding to known E. coli pathotypes was determined among 78 E. coli archive strains isolated from IBS, acute diarrhea and Crohn's disease using CGH microarray. E. coli isolated from IBS demonstrated a mosaic of virulence genes specific to enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains and Shigella species. In contrast, virulence factors and phylogroups distribution among E. coli isolated from children with acute diarrhea was similar to extraintestinal E. coli strains that probably acquired some virulence genes. The acquisition of virulence genes might have an impact on diarrheagenic potential of these strains. On the other hand, E. coli isolated from children with Crohn's disease seem to be similar to adherent-invasive E. coli strains (AIEC), as it lack most known virulence genes. The presented study showed that these analyzed groups of E. coli strains differed from each other with the respect to the distribution of virulence genes. The differences in gene content support the idea that the participation of E. coli in chronic intestinal diseases is mostly related to virulence potential of these strains.
Isolation, Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Halophilic Archaea from a Salt Mine in Central Anatolia (Turkey)
Authors: YILDIZ EVRIM , OZCAN BIRGUL , CALISKAN MAHMUT
Published: November 2019

The haloarchaeal diversity of a salt mine, a natural cave in central Anatolia, was investigated using convential microbiological and molecular biology methods. Eight halophilic archaeal isolates selected based on their colony morphology and whole cell protein profiles were taxonomically classified on the basis of their morphological, physiological, biochemical properties, polar lipid and protein profiles and 16S rDNA sequences. From the 16S rDNA sequences comparisons it was established that the isolates CH2, CH3 and CHC resembled Halorubrum saccharovorum by 98.8%, 98.9% and 99.5%, respectively. There was a 99.7% similarity between the isolate CH11 and Halobacterium noricense and 99.2% between the isolate CHA1 and Haloarcula argentinensis. The isolate CH8K and CH8B revealed a similarity rate of 99.8% and 99.3% to Halococcus dombrowskii, respectively. It was concluded that the isolates named CH2, CH3 and CHC were clustered in the genus Halorubrum and that CHA1 and CH7 in the genus Haloarcula, CH8K and CH8B in the genus Halococcus and CH11 in the genus Halobacterium.
Antagonistic Effects of Bacillus cereus Strain B-02 on Morphology, Ultrastructure and Cytophysiology of Botrytis cinerea
Authors: LI FENG-XIA , MA HUI-QUAN , LIU JING , ZHANG CHAO
Published: November 2019

The study on antagonistic mechanism of biocontrol strains gives the premise and basis for efficient and stable biological control. This study aimes to overcome of biocontrol agent in aspects of complicated and diversified mode of action, short-lasting and unstable efficacy in the production processes. This study elucidated the antagonistic mechanism of Bacillus cereus strain B-02 on Botrytis cinerea by detecting changes in morphology, ultrastructure and physiology in affected hyphae of Botrytis cinerea. Which provided certain theoretical and practical significance for biological control of gray mould caused by B. cinerea. B. cereus strain B-02 isolated from tomato rhizosphere mightily suppressed gray mold in tomato caused by B. cinerea. Spore germination and hyphal growth of B. cinerea were inhibited by B. cereus strain B-02. Changes of cell morphology such as distortion, shrinking and swelling were observed by SEM. TEM observation further indicated the ultrastructural alterations of hyphae, including mitochondrion reduction, un-membranous inclusion in cytoplasm, considerable thickening of cell walls, and electronic density enhancement. LSCM observation revealed the fluorescence intensity of nucleus DNA, mitochondrion DNA and reactive oxygen radical in treated hyphae were all stronger than control and the difference was significant (P < 0.01). These results indicated that the antagonistic effects of B. cereus strain B-02 on B. cinerea were likely due to a combination of abnormal synthesis of nucleus DNA and mitochondrion DNA and multifarious ultrastructural alterations in hyphal cell.
Ultrastructure of Candida albicans Pleomorphic Forms: Phase-Contrast Microscopy, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: STANISZEWSKA MONIKA , BONDARYK MAŁGORZATA , SIENNICKA KATARZYNA , KURZĄTKOWSKI WIESŁAW
Published: November 2019

A modified method of glutaraldeyde-osmium tetroxide fixation was adjusted to characterize the ultrastructure of Candida albicans pleomorphic forms, using phase-contrast microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The discovered morphological criteria defining the individual morphotypes are discussed in terms of mycological and histopathological diagnostics of candidiasis. The relations are discussed between fungal pleomorphism, virulence and susceptibility of different morphotypes to fungicides.
Susceptibility of Polish Bartonella henselae Strains
Authors: PODSIADŁY EDYTA , ŻABICKA DOROTA , DEMKOW URSZULA , HRYNIEWICZ WALERIA , TYLEWSKA-WIERZBANOWSKA STANISŁAWA
Published: November 2019

Due to the fastidious nature of B. henselae and the limited number of available isolates worldwide, there are few data on its in vitro susceptibility to antibiotics. We determined the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ten antimicrobial agents against 11 feline isolates of B. henselae by Etest method. The lowest MICs were obtained for rifampicin < or = 0.002 mg/L. MICs of all isolates were < 0.016 mg/L for ampicilin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline and ranged from 0.016 to 0.032 mg/L for azithromycin. The MICs for two tested fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin ranged from 0.016 to 0.125 mg/L. The highest MICs were obtained for gentamicin ranging from 0.025 to 2.0 mg/L. Sulphonamide resistance genes sul 1, sul 2, sul 3 were not found in any of the tested isolates. Etest methodology seems to be a reliable method for determination of B. henselae susceptibility, however standardization is strongly desired.
Penicillin Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis: Molecular Determinants and Epidemiology
Authors: GAWRYSZEWSKA IWONA , HRYNIEWICZ WALERIA , SADOWY EWA
Published: November 2019

Enterococcus faecalis plays a significant role in hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), and combination of penicillin with aminoglycoside is important in therapy of invasive HAIs. Penicillin resistance in this organism is due to modification of the drug target, penicillin-binding protein (PBP5), its overproduction and expression of β-lactamase. Although rare, this phenotype is often associated with multi-resistant high-risk enterococcal clonal complexes (HiRECCs), such as CC2 and CC9 which may promote its spread in the near future.
Candida albicans Denture Biofilm and its Clinical Significance
Authors: SEREFKO ANNA D. , POLESZAK EWA J. , MALM ANNA
Published: November 2019

Fungi belonging to Candida genus, especially C. albicans play an important role in microflora of oral cavity. Microbial colonisation process taking place within oral cavity is inseparably related to formation of multispecies biofilm, i.e. dental and denture plaque. A mature fungal biofilm is a heterogeneous three-dimensional dense conglomeration of mixture of different morphological forms: blastospores, germ tubes, pseudohyphae and hyphae surrounded by the extracellular polymeric matrix. Composition and specific properties of substratum, saliva and yeasts as well as multiple intricate interactions between all of them influence the ability of Candida spp. isolates to adhere and colonise both natural and artificial surfaces, followed by biofilm formation. Obviously, specific complex host-pathogen interactions also should not be neglected. A lot of additional factors like poor oral and denture hygiene, low pH under prosthesis, sufficient concentration of sugar and iron or antibody titres influence Candida adhesion and colonisation of acrylic resin base. C. albicans is capable of inducing a variety of superficial diseases of the oral mucosa. The most common clinical form of oral candidal infection related to biofilm formation affecting a great deal of denture wearers is denture-associated stomatitis, also known as chronic atrophic candidiasis or erythemateous candidasis. Development of C. albicans biofilm on a denture surface constitutes a difficult and hard to resolve problem which may concern every single prosthesis-wearer. Thus, careful oral and denture hygiene is highly recommended for the population of artificial teeth wearers.
The Effect of a Small Conotoxin-Like ctx Gene from Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (AcMNPV) on Insect Hemolymph Melanization
Authors: CAO QING , ZHU SHAN$YING , WU YAN , LIU YONG , ZHU JIANG , WANG WENBING
Published: November 2019

The conotoxin-like (ctx) gene encodes a small cysteine-rich polypeptide in various baculoviruses. Previous research has demonstrated that the product of the ctx gene could be purified from insect cells infected by Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV), but its function was unknown. In this paper, we compared the conserved cysteine motif structure (CX3GX2CX5CCX3CX6C) of the ctx gene in baculoviruses and generated recombinant Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) with the BmNPV bacmid system. The recombinant BmNPV contained the ctx gene from AcMNPV or a fusion gene of ctx with eGFP, respectively. Fluorescence in CTX-eGFP-positive cells was mainly observed on the cell membrane. To gain insight into CTX function, two methods were used to elucidate the affect CTX had on hemolymph melanization in vivo and in vitro in insect larvae and pupae. The results indicated that CTX abrogates hemolymph melanization; however, the mechanisms require further evaluation.
Use of the Real Time xCelligence System for Purposes of Medical Microbiology
Authors: JUNKA ADAM F. , JANCZURA ADRIANA , SMUTNICKA DANUTA , MĄCZYŃSKA BEATA , SECEWICZ ANNA , NOWICKA JOANNA , BARTOSZEWICZ MARZENNA , GOŚCINIAK GRAŻYNA
Published: November 2019

Roche's xCelligence impedance-measuring instrument is one of a few commercially available systems of such type. According to the best knowledge of authors, instrument was tested so far only for eukaryotic cell research. The aim of this work was to estimate xCELLigence suitability for the microbiological tests, including (i) measurement of morphological changes in eukaryotic cells as a result of bacterial toxin activity, (ii) measurement of bacterial biofilm formation and (iii) impact of antiseptics on the biofilm structure. To test the infuence of bacterial LT enterotoxin on eukaryotic cell lines, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line and reference strain Escherichia coli ATTC 35401 were used. To investigate Roche's instrument ability to measure biofilm formation and impact of antiseptics on its development, Staphylococcus aureus ATTC6538 reference strain was used. The data generated during the experiments indicate excellent ability of xCelligence instrument to detect cytopathic effect caused by bacterial LT endotoxin and to detect staphylococcal biofilm formation. However, interpretation of the results obtained during real-time measurement of antiseptic's bactericidal activity against staphylococcal biofilm, caused many difficulties. xCelligence instrument can be used for real-time monitoring of morphological changes in CHO cells treated with bacterial LT enterotoxin and for real-time measurement of staphylococcal biofilm formation in vitro. Further investigation is necessary to confirm suitability of system to analyze antiseptic's antimicrobial activity against biofilm in vitro.
Quantitative Estimation of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Release from PK15 Cells
Authors: KIMSA MAGDALENA , STRZALKA-MROZIK BARBARA , KIMSA MALGORZATA , ADAMSKA JOLANTA , GOLA JOANNA , LOPATA KRZYSZTOF , MAZUREK URSZULA
Published: November 2019

The present study focuses on the assessment of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) release from PK15 cells in a time dependent manner. The highest amount of PERV A RNA was detected in PK15 cells after 16 hours of culture. The highest amount of PERV B RNA was detected in PK15 cells after 20 hours. The highest amount of both subtypes RNAs was detected in culture medium after 32 hours of culture. The peaks of PERV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity were detected after 28 h of culture in PK15 cells and after 32 hours in the culture medium. The monitoring of PERV release from PK15 cell line may be useful for the evaluation of PERV replication.
Antimicrobial Activities of Novel Bis-Piperidinium Compounds
Authors: SAIF MUHAMMAD JAWWAD , ZUBER MOHAMMED , ANWAR JAMIL , MUNAWAR MUNAWAR ALI
Published: November 2019

The antimicrobial activity of two new series of bis-piperidinium compounds with alkyl chains of different lengths against bacterial (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhodolorula rubera, Lipomyces lopofera and Candida albicans), are described. Antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were compared to that of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride. Bis-piperidinium salts possessing 12-16 carbon side chains showed better antimicrobial properties as compared to the standard dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride.
Phylogenetic Analysis Based on 16S rRNA Gene of a Thermophilic Protease-Secreting Bacillus gelatini-TPNK-3 Isolate from Kiteezi Landfill, Uganda
Authors: OMARA JOHN , EKEYA TOBIUS P. , HAWUMBA JOSEPH F.
Published: November 2019

A thermophilic protease-secreting bacterial isolate, TPNK-3, from Kiteezi landfill, is an aerobic Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium with rod-shaped cells (3.28 μm long and 0.45 μm wide). Optimal growth was observed at 55°C and pH of 7.0, and the isolate tolerates up to 5% (w/v) NaCl, exhibits extracellular amylolytic, cellulolytic and caseinolytic activities, utilizes a range of carbon and nitrogen sources and has a GC content of 45 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the studied bacterium belongs to the genus Bacillus, and closest to Bacillus gelatini (>99.9%). Consequently, isolate TPNK3 is tentatively described as Bacillus gelatini strain TPNK3.
Tigecycline Susceptibility in Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Isolates from Turkey
Authors: YILMAZ FETHIYE FERDA , TAŞLI HÜSEYIN , GÜL-YURTSEVER SÜREYYA , BÜYÜK AYÇA , HOŞGÖR-LIMONCU MINE
Published: November 2019

The present study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial activity of tigecydcline against 84 multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. strains by disc diffusion and E-test methods. The results of disc diffusion test were compared according to two different interpretation ways. In addition, E-test results and the disc diffusion results that interpreted by both the methods were checked for compatibility. According to the disc diffusion test, 3 strains (3.57%) were found resistant to tigecycline when considering breakpoints suggested by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). On the other hand, none of the strains was found resistant to the evaluation criteria recommended by Jones etal. (2007). Considering E-test results of tigecycline, MIC, and MICG, values of tigecycline for Acinetobacter spp. were 0.75 and 1 mg/l, respectively. Based on FDA defined breakpoints for Enterobacteriaceae, any resistant isolate was detected. In conclusion, although there are some differences in the results, tigecycline was found quite effective on Acinetobacter spp. isolates with reference to the both disc diffusion and the E-test methods.
Efektivitas Pendidikan Kesehatan Sadari terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Wus tentang Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara
Authors: Purba Agnes Erna Taulina , Simanjuntak Eva Hotmaria
Published: November 2019

Pendahuluan; Data World Health Organication (WHO) menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penderita kanker payudara bertambah sekitar 7 juta setiap tahun dan 78% kanker payudara terjadi pada wanita usia 50 tahun ke atas, 6%-nya pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS). Deteksi dini pada kanker payudara dapat dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI). Minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang kanker payudara membuat pencegahan dan penanganan dini pun sulit dilakukan. Hasil observasi di Puskesmas Binjai Estate ditemukan bahwa kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk melakukan deteksi dini kanker payudara (SADARI) sehingga terdapat kecenderungan kanker ditemukan pada stadium lanjut. Tujuan; untuk menguji efektivitas pendidikan kesehatan SADARI terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap WUS tentang deteksi dini kanker payudara. Metode; jenis penelitian yang digunakan quasi-eksperimen dengan  rancangan one group pre - post design. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Binjai Estate. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Wanita usia Subur dengan pengambilan sampel secara simple random sampling  dengan jumlah sebanyak 17 orang WUS. Hasil; terdapat pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan  terhadap pengetahuan wanita usia produktif tentang SADARI dalam upaya deteksi dini kanker payudara dengan nilai p(0.000), terdapat pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap sikap wanita usia produktif tentang SADARI dalam upaya deteksi dini kanker payudara dengan nilai p (0.000). Kesimpulan; diperoleh bahwa pemberian pendidikan kesehatan SADARI efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap WUS tentang SADARI.
Analysis of Top Design and Floor Design on Tortor Batak Toba Motion
Authors: Yusnizar  , Rahmah Sitti , Muda Iskandar
Published: November 2019

This study focuses on Tortor Batak Toba in relation to the social understanding of the supporting community, which is motivated by documentation in the form of writing, video, and other forms that are not recorded and accurate. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach and the location of the study in dance study program Sendratasik Department. Data collection methods are carried out with documentation and interviews. The results shows that the structure analysis of Toba Tortor Batak motion form was formed from the top design namely vertical design, horizontal design, pure design, static design, straight design, medium design, and floor design that is straight design, as well as learning design of imitation motion tortor dance.
Relationship between Teacher Professional Performance and Discipline of Workers with Teacher Professionalism in Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Pematangsiantar City
Authors: Kalsum Saragih  , Mardianto
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine: 1) the relationship between professional money teachers with professional teachers in MTs Pematangsiantar, 2) the relationship between the discipline of working with the professionalism of teachers in MTs Pematangsiantar, and 3) the relationship between the Advantages of the teaching profession and discipline of cooperation with the professionalism of teachers in MTs Pematangsiantar. This research is a quantitative research with correlation research type. This study was conducted in 9 (nine) MTs Pematangsiantar is MTs Negeri, MTsS MESRA, MTsS Khoirotul Islamiyah, MTsS Guppi, MTsS Madani Al Islamiya School, MTsS Ibnu Sina, MTsS Fathul Islamiyah, MTsS YPI, MTsS Al Khairiyah. The population was 88 people and the sample size of the study was 72 people. The results showed; 1) there is a positive and significant relationship between vocational teacher teacher of professionalism of the teacher, if the value of the correlation coefficient is 0.439. 2) There is a positive and significant relationship between the discipline of working with the professionalism of the teacher when the correlation coefficient is 0.502, and 3) a positive and significant relationship between professional money and discipline with the professionalism of teachers with a correlation coefficient of 0.561.
The Effect of Balance, Arm Muscle Strength, and Creativity towards Discus skills on Faculty of Students of Manado State University Science
Authors: Tony Pandaleke  , Dlis Firmansyah , Widiastuti
Published: November 2019

The aims of the study is to find out The Effect of Balance, Arm Muscle Strength, and Creativity towards Discus skills. This research was carried out on the campus of the Faculty of Sport Science, Manado. State University in Tondano City, Minahasa Regency. This research is a descriptive study. The result of the study is There is a positive direct effect of balance on Discus Throwing Skills at the Faculty of Sport Sciences Mando State University Students. This means that a good balance will result in increased discus throwing skills. There is a positive direct effect of arm muscle strength on discus throwing skills at the students of the Faculty of Sport Science, Mando State University. This means that good arm muscle strength will result in increased discus throwing skills achieved by the student concerned. There is a direct influence on the position of creativity fantasy on discus throwing skills at the Students of the Faculty of Sport Science, Mando State University. This means that good creativity will result in increased disc throwing skills.
Packaging Audio Visual Media in Tatak Tintoa Serser in Learning of Dairi Dance
Authors: Sitti Rahmah  , Yusnizar Yusnizar , Rahayu Tuti
Published: November 2019

Tatak Tintoa Serser is one of the traditional dances of the Pakpak Dairi community which illustrates the mutual cooperation attitude in the lives of farmers in farming. Tatak is a term used to refer to dance to the Pakpak Dairi community. This study focuses on the preparation of instructional media in the form of VCDs from the Serser Tintoa Tatak which is closely related to the social understanding of the Dairi community. The objectives of this study are (1) Identifying the artistic structure of dance as outlined in the show (2) Arranging dance learning media in the form of VCD. This study uses a qualitative approach, by conducting interviews with informants (artists, art practitioners, community leaders, academics) because it deals with meaning and context, data collection and analysis that take place simultaneously. The program, with research subject Tatak Tintoa Serser, which is packaged in the form of Audio Visual, the research sample is Dance Education Study Program students who are used as models in making media. This research produces a VCD media product that contains the techniques of motion in the Tatak Tintoa Serser, terms in motion, and the meaning of dance that can be a source of learning in learning Dairi Dance. Product validation is carried out by media expert validation and material expert validation which shows the product's feasibility, and has been tested with Dance Education Study Program students in the Pakpak Dairi Dance course TA 2018/2019
Effects of Phonics Charts on Senior Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Oral English in Edu, Kwara State
Authors: Suleiman Muritala Imam , Adam Muhammed
Published: November 2019

The phenomenon of poor performance in internal and external examinations among Nigerian students, especially, those in the secondary schools, is a matter that has become a source of concern to stakeholders in the education sector in the country. This study therefore investigated the effects of phonics charts on senior secondary school students’ achievement in oral English in Edu, Kwara State. Three objectives and corresponding research questions guided the study. Two hypotheses postulated were tested at 0.05 alpha levels.The quasi-experimental design was adopted using the non-randomised pre/posttest groups design. The population for this study was all senior secondary school students in Edu, Kwara State. The target population for this study was all SSII students in public schools in Lafiagi Emirate,87 students were sampled in their intact classes. The Oral English Achievement Test (OEAT) with a reliability coefficient of 0.69 was used to gather the data for the study. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistic methods-mean and standard deviation and the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).The findings obtained from this study revealed that the general achievement level of students (both the experimental and control groups) in Oral English was low in the pre-test. However, in the post-test, the general achievement level of the students that were taught with phonics charts in Oral English was relatively high (32.00), while that of students taught with the conventional method was average (24.78). there was a statistically significant effect of phonics charts on senior secondary school students that were taught Oral English with Phonics charts and those taught without it in Edu, Kwara State(F(1,82)=7.039,p<0.05)Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that necessary attention should be accorded use of phonics charts in the secondary schools, especially for teaching Oral English. Teachers, textbook writers and curriculum planners should emphasis the use of phonics charts for teaching and learning of Oral English in Secondary schools in Kwara State.
The Role of Music in Predicting Academic Achievement: A Technological Discovery
Authors: K. Chap-as Patricio
Published: November 2019

This research undertaking aimed to find out the impact of instructional technology in teaching Music. Specifically, it was framed from the following context: 1. What is the mean performance of the controlled group and experimental group after the instructional technology was used in teaching Music?;2. What is the difference in the mean performance of the control group and experimental group after instructional technology was used in Teaching music? ;The researcher employed the experimental research method specifically the between-group design. From the results of the statistical computations, the following were revealed: The experimental group visibly performed better after instructional technology was integrated in teaching music than their control group counterpart. Findings of the study revealed there was a statistically significant differences in the academic achievement between the average mark of the experimental group students and the average mark of the control group students in favor of the experimental group.
Cognitive Processes on Translation Studies of English Language Learners
Authors: Pulungan Anni Holila , Siregar Masitowarni , Husein Rahmad
Published: November 2019

There were many studies discussed on the product of translation. Meanwhile, few researcher lazy to watch the process of translation. This paper, therefore,  investigated a study on the processes when a translator performed the translation. The cognitive process played an important role in it. The aims of the study are to describe the think aloud protocols as one of the assessment to explore the translation behaviours or strategies in translation and to analyze cognitive processes that occur in the mind of postgraduate students when they did the translation. This research is also necessary to know the difficulties faced by the students when conducting the process of it. The study that involved fifteen participants, resulted to some difficulties, namely in translating lingual word unit, lingual phrase unit, and lingual clause unit. The overcome strategies were refers to a dictionary, knowledge of the subject (guessing), and the attention of local context and content. It is suggested that, although the think-aloud assessment has limitations, but it is an appropriate instrument for looking into the mental process of a translator.
Students’ Feedback to Senior High School Teachers’ Performance
Authors: Saragih Anggraini Thesisia , Dewi Nora Ronita , Marpaung Bela Azzura Syahmar
Published: November 2019

This study aims to analyze the students’ feedback to the teachers’ performance in teaching recount text. This study was conducted by descriptive qualitative method through phases; gathering information and data and analyzing data. The subject of this research was at eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 35 Medan. The instruments for collecting data were students’ written feedback and questionnaire. The data then was analyzed by using checklist.. The results of the data analysis showed that there were 62,97% of students’ used the negative feedback in giving their opinions. There were only four of twenty seven students that could enclose at least five indicators of a good feedback.
Worldview and Mode of Life: Orthodox and Theravāda Monastic Life Compared
Authors: GOTHÓNI RENÉ
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Rites of Passage in the Unification Church
Authors: ROTHSTEIN MIKAEL
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Gods and Giants in Old Norse Mythology
Authors: ADALSTEINSSON JÓN HNEFILL
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Daseinsnot und Daseinsangst in der islamischen Frömmigkeit
Authors: GRAMLICH RICHARD
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
'Sweat Lodge': A Northern Native American Ritual for Communal Shamanic Trance
Authors: PAPER JORDAN
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Saint John of the Cross in the Light of Satori
Authors: SUNDÉN HJALMAR
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
A Bible Translation as the Communicator of Alien Culture
Authors: TOIVANEN AARNE
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
The Persistence of Islam in Central Asia
Authors: WAARDENBURG JACQUES
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Creation and Origin Myths of Some Nilgiri Tribes
Authors: ZVELEBIL KAMIL V.
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Faith Healing and Concept of Illness: An Example from Northern Norway
Authors: MATHISEN STEIN R.
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
On Religious Decline and the Disappearance of Values
Authors: WAHLSTRÖM BERTEL
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
The Second Warsaw Conference on Methodology and Theory
Authors: GEERTZ ARMIN W.
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Homo Religiosus Intelligens: An Outline for a Cognitivist Theory of Religious Behaviour
Authors: KAMPPINEN MATTI
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
"Unity" and "Sovereignty": Key Concepts of a Militant Buddhist Organization in the Present Conflict in Sri Lanka
Authors: SCHALK PETER
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Zoroastrian Responses to Hinduism, Past to Present: the Interaction of Religion and Politics
Authors: SCOTT DAVID A.
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
The Institutional Environment of the Study of Religion: Report from a conference on comparative religion at Marburg, June 1988
Authors: HOLM NILS G.
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Religion and mass communication in Finland
Authors: SUNDBACK SUSAN
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Виборність суддів як реалізація принципу народовладдя
Authors: КРЕСІНА ІРИНА
Published: November 2019

В основі численних спроб реформувати судову систему в Україні лежать прагнення тих чи інших політичних сил, що приходили до влади, підпорядкувати своїм інтересам судову владу, зробити суддю залежним від волі не народу, а політичного класу, можновладців, зручним знаряддям у перерозподілі суспільного багатства. На зміну виборності приходить призначуваність суддів чимраз корумпованішими органами та посадовими особами, що легітимується відповідними змінами до Конституції України, прийняттям відповідного законодавства, євроінтеграційними вимогами і стандартами, конкурсами і “доброчесними” комісіями тощо.
Мета статті – показати переваги виборності суддів порівняно з призначуваністю – для утвердження в Україні як демократичній, соціальній, правовій державі принципів народовладдя та верховенства права.
Повернути довіру до влади і правосуддя можна шляхом переходу до виборності суддів. При цьому варто виходити із засадничої “презумпції” – права народу обирати владу, контролювати і змінювати її, якщо вона не виправдовує його довіри.
У науковій літературі склалися дві діаметрально протилежні точки зору щодо виборності суддів – “за” і “проти”. Аргументи “проти” зводяться до: 1) нездатності громадян оцінити професійність суддів; 2) вибори передбачають проведення відповідної агітаційної кампанії, фінансування якої може викликати запитання.
Переваги виборності полягають у такому: 1) реалізується принцип, що жодна гілка влади не може і не повинна призначати іншу; 2) зміцнюється незалежність судді; 3) суддя наближається до народу; 4) відбувається запобігання соціальній неспра ведливості, відірваності судді від громадян, замкненості, корпоративності, перетворенню суддів на касту недоторканних; 5) посилюється відповідальність і підзвітність суддів перед громадянами. До того ж інститут мирових суддів добре себе зарекомендував як ефективний інструмент позасудового вирішення спорів і розвантаження судів. Окрім того, призначення суддів у корумпованій судовій систе мі – це легалізація узурпації. Важливим контрольним механізмом є відкличний мандант.
Отже, принцип виборності має бути застосований до суддів усіх юрисдикцій. У Виборчому кодексі мають бути визначені чіткі механізми і процедури виборів суддів, а також їх відкликання. Вибори – надійна запорука чесності й прозорості добору суддівського корпусу. Тим паче, що політичні партії будуть позбавлені права висувати своїх кандидатів у судді. Одночасно треба посилити кримінальну відповідальність за правопорушення у цій сфері, внести зміни до Кримінального кодексу України, унеможливлюючи будь-які спроби підкупів, тиску, фальсифікацій тощо, створюючи низку запобіжних механізмів.
The THE EFFECT OF DEBT, OWN CAPITAL AND NON-STOCK SAVINGS ON COOPERATIVE RENTABILITY
Authors: Supriyanto Agustinus Supriyanto
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the effect of Debt, Own Capital and Non-Stock Savings on profitability (ROA) and which variables were most dominant in KSP Kopdit Rukun, Sentosa, Setia Kawan, Karya Kasih and Patra Pertamina and to analyze these variables simultaneously and partially. In this study debt, own capital and non-stock savings are independent variables (X), while Profitability (ROE) is the dependent variable (not free). The type of data used in this study is secondary data that is quantitative. Data sources are financial statements for 2012 to 2017.

The method used for this research is multiple linear regression, followed by a partial and simultaneous significance test through t test and F test.

Research results within 5 years concluded as follows: first, KSP Kopdit Rukun that debt and capital alone have no significant effect on ROE, while non-stock savings have a significant and simultaneous effect that debt, own capital and non-stock savings have an influence but not significant, while Sentosa, Setia Kawan, Karya Kasih  and Patra pertamina have partial or simultaneous influence but not significant. For KSP Kopdit Rukun, Sentosa, Setia Kawan, Karya Kasih and PATRA Pertamina, it is better to use internal and external funding sources according to their conditions, in order to obtain maximum profitability (ROE).
KEJAHATAN YANG DAPAT DILAKUKAN OLEH OKNUM ADVOKAT DALAM MENJALANKAN TUGAS DAN PROFESINYA
Authors: H Insan Isep
Published: November 2019

ABSTRAKDalam mencapai tatanan hukum yang baik penegakan hukum di Indonesia dijalankan oleh aparat-aparat penegak hukum yang terdiri dari Hakim, Jaksa, Polisi, dan juga Advokat. Advokat merupakan salah satu aparat penegak hukum, saat ini advokat dalam menjalankan profesinya diatur dalam Undang Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat. Dalam kenyataannya Advokat ternyata ada pula yang terindikasi melakukan kejahatan dalam menjalankan tugas dan profesinya seperti yang terjadi pada tahun 2010 di mana dua Pengacara ditetapkan sebagai tersangka. Kejahatan yang dapat dilakukan oleh seorang Advokat dalam menjalankan tugas dan profesinya sebenarnya semua kejahatan dapat dilakukan oleh siapapun apabila kontrol dalam diri orang tersebut sangat lemah dan khusus yang berkaitan dengan tugas serta profesi seorang Advokat tentunya kejahatan tersebut adalah kejahatan yang berhubungan dengan tugas dan profesi Advokat dalam penegakan hukum di mana kejahatan tersebut ditujukan untuk memperlancar proses penegakan hukum bagi klien Advokat misalnya untuk memperlancar klien dalam kasus pidana maka Advokat bisa saja melakukan kejahatan berupa kejahatan penyuapan. terhadap beberapa pihak penegak hukum lain dan para saksi.Kata Kunci: Advokat, Penegak Hukum, Kejahatan.
Aspek Hukum Penerapan Pasal 74 UU Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas (PT) Dikaitkan Dengan Eksistensi Program Kemitraan dan Bina Lingkungan (PKBL) di Lingkungan Badan Usaha Milik Negara Berbadan Hukum Perseroan Terbatas (PT)
Authors: Suhermanto Suhermanto
Published: November 2019

Abstrak:Konsep tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan setelah ditelaah dari perspektif teleologis atau segi tujuan, maka tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan dapat diidentikkan dengan program kemitraan dan bina lingkungan. Adapun perbedaannya hanya di dalam konteks teknis dan hal inipun masih perlu didukung terbitnya berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan untuk mengatur teknisnya. Disimpulkan bahwa program PKBL sebaiknya terus dijalankan sebagai bentuk interpretasi dari CSR sebagaimana diamanatkan Pasal 74 UU PT 2007.Kata Kunci: Perseroan Terbatan, Badan Umum Milik Negara, PKBL.