bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-year follow up of silodosin on lower urinary tract functions and symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia based on prostate size: a prospective investigation using urodynamics
Authors: Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Takai Shun , Majima Tsuyoshi , Funahashi Yasuhito , Kato Masashi , Yamamoto Tokunori , Gotoh Momokazu
Published: June 2018

Background:

The aim of this research was to investigate intermediate-term effects of silodosin on lower urinary tract functions and symptoms in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) according to prostate size, using urodynamics.

Methods:

A total of 70 untreated outpatients with a prostate volume <40 ml [small prostate (SP) group] and 70 with prostate volume ⩾40 ml [large prostate (LP) group] were prospectively enrolled and treated by monotherapy with silodosin for 24 months. Changes in parameters from baseline to 3 months and 24 months after silodosin administration were assessed based on LUTS, voiding and storage function. In addition, withdrawal rates of silodosin due to insufficient effects were compared between the two groups and factors to influence the withdrawal were investigated.

Results:

The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI), and detrusor overactivity (DO) improved significantly for the 2-year follow up in both groups as compared with the baseline. IPSS, BOOI and DO improved by 40.4%, 41.3%, and 48.1% in the SP group, 32.7%, 35.9%, and 34.4% in the LP group at 3 months, while, 44.3%, 43.5%, and 63.0% in the SP group, 22.6%, 21.1%, and 34.4% in the LP group at 24 months, respectively. Improvement rates in the IPSS and BOOI at 3 months were maintained until 24 months in the SP group, but decreased in the LP group. Storage function improvements continued in both groups for 2 years. Dropout rate due to unsatisfactory effects was significantly higher in the LP group (20% versus 8.6%). Maximum flow rate, BOOI, and intravesical prostatic protrusion had a significant influence on the withdrawal of silodosin treatment in the LP group.

Conclusions:

Silodosin significantly improved lower urinary tract functions for 2 years in patients with LUTS/BPH, regardless of prostate size. However, LUTS and BOO improvements tended to decrease in patients with a large prostate (>40 ml) in the intermediate term.
Regulating new ways of working
Authors: Hendrickx Frank
Published: June 2018

This contribution aims to critically reflect on the scope of labour law and the evolving discussion on new worker categories. The debate is, however, extended to the broader question of the modernisation of labour law. New forms of work have emerged in light of recent evolutions on the labour market. The rise of ‘autonomous workers’ and ‘dependent self-employed’ persons raises a series of new questions. In light of this, the main proposition in this contribution is that we need to reflect on the changes taking place in both new and traditional workplaces, and that we need to distinguish two major questions: 1) To whom should labour law apply? 2) What labour law should be applicable? In discussing new forms of work, these questions are sometimes confused and result in a misleading debate. The contribution looks into new ways of working, a concept derived from management and human resources literature. The perspective is borrowed not only to clarify the issues but also to start talking about the ‘new how’ in labour law.
Single-phase bilateral low dose contrast medium injection for diagnosing occlusions of the thoracic venous system: a case report
Authors: Svensson Anders , Brismar Torkel B , Morsbach Fabian
Published: June 2018

Occlusion of the thoracic venous system and/or occlusion of central venous catheters (CVC) of unknown cause can, in selected cases, require advanced imaging. Here, we describe a case study of a patient with a failing central dialysis catheter (CDC) which was diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) in connection with a single-phase bilateral low-dose contrast medium (CM) injection using only 3.6 g of iodine. By injecting a low CM dose, the risk of streak artifacts from first-pass of high intravascular concentrations of CM can be avoided. Therefore, the technique described here should be beneficial also to patients with normal renal function.
Variable size of aortic subvalvular pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Svensson Anders , Cederlund Kerstin , Brismar Torkel B , Themudo Raquel
Published: June 2018

Aortic subvalvular pseudoaneurysms (PSA) are particularly subjected to strain and shear stress forces from blood flow and therefore their size can vary along the heart cycle. Here we describe a case of an aortic subvalvular PSA that shows significant variation in size between systolic and diastolic phase during retrospective ECG-triggered cardiac computed tomography angiography.
Diffusion-weighted imaging in acute pulmonary embolism: a feasibility study
Authors: Vargas Paris Roberto , Skorpil Mikael , Westerlund Eli , Lindholm Peter , Nyrén Sven
Published: June 2018

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be an alternative method to computed tomography angiography (CTA) for pulmonary embolism.

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) detecting acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in free-breathing humans.

Material and Methods

Twenty patients with PE verified by CTA and 20 controls were investigated with MRI (1.5 Aera, Siemens Healthcare). All sequences were performed in the transversal plane using free-breathing without gating. The protocol consisted of a two-dimensional steady-state free precession (SSFP) and a single-shot DWI echo-planar imaging sequence with a voxel resolution of 2 × 2 × 5 mm. Three b values were used: 50, 400, and 800 s/mm2. Images were analyzed in two orders: an open source analysis (OSA); and a blinded only DWI analysis (BDA) simulating clinical work.

Results

OSA of corresponding images showed 370 findings on CTA (i.e. one elongated emboli could be represented in multiple images). SSFP identified 237 of those (64%). DWI with b values of 50, 400, and 800 identified 327 (88%), 245 (66%), and 138 (37%), respectively. In BDA we found 160 true emboli (according to CTA) on b50, 78 on b400, and 54 on b800. Fifty-two of these findings at the subsegmental level could be correlated to PE on CTA but were not visible on SSFP.

Conclusions

DWI has a high sensitivity for detecting PE but suffers from poor specificity. It could potentially be used as an eye catcher, i.e. where to look for PE in other MRI sequences.
Self-repopulating recipient bone marrow resident macrophages promote long-term hematopoietic stem cell engraftment
Authors: Kaur Simranpreet , Raggatt Liza J. , Millard Susan M. , Wu Andy C. , Batoon Lena , Jacobsen Rebecca N. , Winkler Ingrid G. , MacDonald Kelli P. , Perkins Andrew C. , Hume David A. , Levesque Jean-Pierre , Pettit Allison R.
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Recipient macrophages persist in hematopoietic tissues and self-repopulate via in situ proliferation after syngeneic transplantation. Targeted depletion of recipient CD169+ macrophages after transplant impaired long-term bone marrow engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells.
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs observation in childhood immune thrombocytopenia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Heitink-Pollé Katja M. J. , Uiterwaal Cuno S. P. M. , Porcelijn Leendert , Tamminga Rienk Y. J. , Smiers Frans J. , van Woerden Nicole L. , Wesseling Judit , Vidarsson Gestur , Laarhoven Annemieke G. , de Haas Masja , Bruin Marrie C. A.
Published: June 2018

Key Points

In children with newly diagnosed ITP, IVIg treatment at diagnosis does not result in a lower rate of chronic ITP. Upfront treatment with IVIg led to faster recovery and less severe bleeding events.
The use of defibrotide in blood and marrow transplantation
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Carreras Enric , Iacobelli Massimo , Nejadnik Bijan
Published: June 2018

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) is a potentially life-threatening complication of conditioning during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or chemotherapy without HSCT, with a historically reported mean incidence of 13.7% post-HSCT. Typical symptoms of VOD/SOS may include hyperbilirubinemia, painful hepatomegaly, weight gain, and ascites. Defibrotide, a polydisperse mixture of predominantly single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides, is currently the only therapy approved to treat hepatic VOD/SOS with pulmonary/renal dysfunction (ie, multiorgan dysfunction/multiorgan failure [MOD/MOF]) following HSCT in the United States and to treat severe hepatic VOD/SOS post-HSCT in the European Union. In preclinical and human studies, defibrotide has demonstrated profibrinolytic, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and angio-protective actions, thus promoting an anticoagulant phenotype of the endothelium that protects and stabilizes the function of endothelial cells. In a phase 3, historically controlled, multicenter trial in adults and children with VOD/SOS and MOD/MOF (defibrotide: n = 102; controls treated before defibrotide availability: n = 32), defibrotide resulted in significantly greater day +100 survival following HSCT (38.2%) vs controls (25.0%; propensity analysis-estimated between-group difference: 23%; P = .0109). The most common adverse events (AEs) were hypotension and diarrhea; rates of common hemorrhagic AEs were similar in the defibrotide and historical control group (64% and 75%, respectively). In a phase 3 prophylaxis trial, defibrotide was found to lower incidence of VOD/SOS in children (not an approved indication) and reduce the incidence of graft-versus-host disease. This review describes the development and clinical applications of defibrotide, focusing on its on-label use in patients with VOD/SOS and MOD/MOF after HSCT.
The remarkable diversity of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a perspective
Authors: George James N.
Published: June 2018

Understanding the autoimmune etiology of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) has provided precision for the diagnosis and a rationale for immunosuppressive treatment. These advances have also allowed recognition of the remarkable clinical diversities of patients’ initial presentations and their long-term outcomes. These diversities are illustrated by the stories of patients from the Oklahoma TTP Registry. The initial presentation of TTP may be the discovery of unexpected severe thrombocytopenia in a patient with minimal or no symptoms. The patient may remain asymptomatic throughout treatment or may die suddenly before treatment can be started. ADAMTS13 activity may be reported as normal in a patient with characteristic clinical features of TTP, or the unexpected report of ADAMTS13 deficiency in a patient with another established disorder may lead to the discovery of TTP. ADAMTS13 activity during clinical remission is unpredictable. ADAMTS13 activity may recover and remain normal, it may remain severely deficient for many years, or it may become normal only many years after recovery. Our treatment of initial episodes and management of patients after recovery and during remission continue to change. The addition of rituximab to the treatment of acute episodes and preemptive rituximab for patients with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency during remission are reported to prevent relapse. Because TTP is uncommon, there are few data to guide these changes. Therefore our patients’ stories are profoundly influential. Their stories are the foundation of our experience, and our experience is the guide for our decisions.
Analysis of novel caudal hindbrain genes reveals different regulatory logic for gene expression in rhombomere 4 versus 5/6 in embryonic zebrafish
Authors: Ghosh Priyanjali , Maurer Jennifer M. , Sagerström Charles G.
Published: June 2018

Background

Previous work aimed at understanding the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) governing caudal hindbrain formation identified morphogens such as Retinoic Acid (RA) and Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), as well as transcription factors like hoxb1b, hoxb1a, hnf1ba, and valentino as being required for rhombomere (r) r4-r6 formation in zebrafish. Considering that the caudal hindbrain is relatively complex – for instance, unique sets of neurons are formed in each rhombomere segment – it is likely that additional essential genes remain to be identified and integrated into the caudal hindbrain GRN.

Methods

By taking advantage of gene expression data available in the Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN), we identified 84 uncharacterized genes that are expressed in r4-r6. We selected a representative set of 22 genes and assayed their expression patterns in hoxb1b, hoxb1a, hnf1b, and valentino mutants with the goal of positioning them in the caudal hindbrain GRN. We also investigated the effects of RA and FGF on the expression of this gene set. To examine whether these genes are necessary for r4-r6 development, we analyzed germline mutants for six of the genes (gas6, gbx1, sall4, eglf6, celf2, and greb1l) for defects in hindbrain development.

Results

Our results reveal that r4 gene expression is unaffected by the individual loss of hoxb1b, hoxb1a or RA, but is under the combinatorial regulation of RA together with hoxb1b. In contrast, r5/r6 gene expression is dependent on RA, FGF, hnf1ba and valentino – as individual loss of these factors abolishes r5/r6 gene expression. Our analysis of six mutant lines did not reveal rhombomere or neuronal defects, but transcriptome analysis of one line (gas6 mutant) identified expression changes for genes involved in several developmental processes – suggesting that these genes may have subtle roles in hindbrain development.

Conclusion

We conclude that r4-r6 formation is relatively robust, such that very few genes are absolutely required for this process. However, there are mechanistic differences in r4 versus r5/r6, such that no single factor is required for r4 development while several genes are individually required for r5/r6 formation.
Experiences of Inpatient Bone Marrow Transplantation Nurses and Providers Using Electronic Symptom Reporting
Authors: Bryant Ashley Leak , Coffman Erin M. , Bullard Elizabeth , Hirschey Rachel , Bradley Joshua , Stover Angela , Wood William A , Bennett Antonia V.
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

To investigate the use of electronic patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to assess symptoms and how they can provide opportunities to clinicians to address symptoms in a timely manner to improve clinical care. As part of a larger study to evaluate whether providing standardized symptom reports to the medical team would decrease the time to treatment of reported symptoms in hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients, we assessed nurses’ and providers’ perceptions of electronic symptom reporting.

Methods:

Semistructured interviews of RNs, MDs, NPs and PAs were conducted at an academic cancer center in the southeastern United States. Nurses’ and providers’ perceptions of electronic symptom reporting were explored. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded by two investigators to identify major themes.

Results:

Fourteen RNs and seven providers (MDs, PAs, and NPs) participated in the interviews. Three main themes emerged from the interviews: electronic symptom reporting may improve assessment and care, integrating symptom reporting into nurse workflow presents difficulties, and there are barriers for completion of surveys.

Conclusion:

The majority of nurses and providers believed that the inclusion of electronic symptom reporting in bone marrow transplantation inpatient units has the potential to improve care but that barriers to implementation remain.
Society of Anesthesia and Sleep Medicine Guideline on Intraoperative Management of Adult Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Memtsoudis Stavros G. , Cozowicz Crispiana , Nagappa Mahesh , Wong Jean , Joshi Girish P. , Wong David T. , Doufas Anthony G. , Yilmaz Meltem , Stein Mark H. , Krajewski Megan L. , Singh Mandeep , Pichler Lukas , Ramachandran Satya Krishna , Chung Frances
Published: June 2018

The purpose of the Society of Anesthesia and Sleep Medicine Guideline on Intraoperative Management of Adult Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is to present recommendations based on current scientific evidence. This guideline seeks to address questions regarding the intraoperative care of patients with OSA, including airway management, anesthetic drug and agent effects, and choice of anesthesia type. Given the paucity of high-quality studies with regard to study design and execution in this perioperative field, recommendations were to a large part developed by subject-matter experts through consensus processes, taking into account the current scientific knowledge base and quality of evidence. This guideline may not be suitable for all clinical settings and patients and is not intended to define standards of care or absolute requirements for patient care; thus, assessment of appropriateness should be made on an individualized basis. Adherence to this guideline cannot guarantee successful outcomes, but recommendations should rather aid health care professionals and institutions to formulate plans and develop protocols for the improvement of the perioperative care of patients with OSA, considering patient-related factors, interventions, and resource availability. Given the groundwork of a comprehensive systematic literature review, these recommendations reflect the current state of knowledge and its interpretation by a group of experts at the time of publication. While periodic reevaluations of literature are needed, novel scientific evidence between updates should be taken into account. Deviations in practice from the guideline may be justifiable and should not be interpreted as a basis for claims of negligence.
Use of Earlier-Reported Rotational Thromboelastometry Parameters to Evaluate Clotting Status, Fibrinogen, and Platelet Activities in Postpartum Hemorrhage Compared to Surgery and Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Toffaletti John G. , Buckner Kelly A.
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:

Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) can provide clinical information in 10–20 minutes for guiding administration of fibrinogen, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma products. While ROTEM testing is well established for cardiac and other surgeries, it is less characterized for use in postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) patients. We wanted to determine if the earlier-measured ROTEM parameters (α-angle and amplitude at 10 minutes [A10]) could replace the later parameters (amplitude at 20 minutes and maximum amplitude [maximum clot firmness {MCF}]) in all patient groups studied. We also correlated the A10 and α-angle of the EXTEM and FIBTEM tests to the fibrinogen levels and platelet counts in these patients.

METHODS:

We retrospectively analyzed 100 sets of EXTEM and FIBTEM results ordered on patients undergoing operations for PPH, patients in intensive care units (ICU), and those undergoing cardiothoracic surgery (cardiothoracic operating room [C/T OR]). We determined if the correlations among the various parameters were similar among the PPH, ICU, and C/T OR patients.

RESULTS:

As expected, the EXTEM A10 (A10EX) and FIBTEM A10 (A10FIB) correlated highly to the EXTEM MCF and FIBTEM MCF in all patient groups. The A10EX parameter correlated significantly to both fibrinogen and platelet levels, and the A10FIB correlated to the fibrinogen levels. The difference between the A10EX and the A10FIB (PLTEM) is related to platelet activity, and we found that the PLTEM and platelet count correlated highly for all 100 PPH patients (r = 0.80), C/T OR patients (r = 0.70), and ICU patients (r = 0.66), despite 4 high platelet counts with relatively low PLTEM values in the ICU group. The earlier-reported parameter EXTEM α angle (α-EX) is an excellent indicator of the A10EX, with an α-EX ≥65° (ie, normal) giving a >96% probability that the A10EX was ≥44 mm, and an α-EX value below 65 mm giving an 86% probability that the A10EX was <44 mm.

CONCLUSIONS:

The correlations among the ROTEM parameters for the PPH comparisons were equivalent to the C/T OR patients studied, and the A10EX and A10FIB could replace the MCF results in all patient groups. Also, the α-EX was an early indicator of the A10EX and had good correlations to the A10FIB and the fibrinogen in all patient groups. Finally, in a separate group of 62 comparisons, the FIBTEM α angle showed promise as an early indicator of the A10FIB and the fibrinogen levels.
US Food and Drug Administration Disruption of Generic Drug Market Increases Hospital Costs
Authors: Almeter Philip J. , Labuhn Jonathan A. , Morris Peter E. , Hessel Eugene A.
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:

The purpose of the US Food and Drug Administration’s Marketed Unapproved Drugs Initiative is to decrease marketing of older unapproved medications. The administration has recently extended its rulings by including sterile injectable drugs administered in the inpatient environment. The impact of this initiative on the inpatient environment has been minimally studied.

METHODS:

Consecutive retrospective purchase data of vasopressin for injection (vasopressin) and neostigmine methylsulfate for injection (neostigmine) from 720 hospitals and 746 hospitals, respectively, were included. Purchases occurred from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016. The average noncontract drug price was calculated and compared to the purchase data during the impact of the initiative. Comparison was made of hospital purchases made before and after the initiative. The year 2014 was considered a washout transition year due to the large amounts of discontinued unapproved formulations that were still available and purchased by hospitals. The analysis was completed using a matched paired t test.

RESULTS:

The noncontract price for vasopressin increased from $12.83 per vial to $158.83 per vial (1138% increase) and for neostigmine from $27.74 per vial to $175.14 per vial (531% increase) across the pre- and postinitiative intervals; however, purchase volumes after the price increases were not found to have a statistically significant difference compared to purchases before the price increases (P = .98 and P = .4, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

Health systems have experienced a significant cost increase of vasopressin and neostigmine and are absorbing price increases for these older, generic sterile injectable drugs.
Oncogenic cooperation between Yorkie and the conserved microRNAmiR-8in the wing disc ofDrosophila
Authors: Sander Moritz , Eichenlaub Teresa , Herranz Héctor
Published: June 2018

Tissue growth has to be carefully controlled to generate well-functioning organs. microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that modulate the activity of target genes and play a pivotal role in animal development. Understanding the functions of microRNAs in development requires the identification of their target genes. Here, we find that the conserved microRNA miR-8/miR-200 controls tissue growth and homeostasis in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. Upregulation of miR-8 causes the repression of Yorkie, the effector of the Hippo pathway in Drosophila, and reduces tissue size. Remarkably, coexpression of Yorkie and miR-8 causes the formation of neoplastic tumors. We show that upregulation of miR-8 represses the growth inhibitor brinker, and depletion of brinker cooperates with Yorkie in the formation of neoplastic tumors. Hence, miR-8 modulates a positive growth regulator, Yorkie, and a negative growth regulator, brinker. Deregulation of this network can result in the loss of tissue homeostasis and the formation of tumors.
Wnt signalling: conquering complexity
Authors: Wiese Katrin E. , Nusse Roel , van Amerongen Renée
Published: June 2018

The history of the Wnt pathway is an adventure that takes us from mice and flies to frogs, zebrafish and beyond, sketching the outlines of a molecular signalling cascade along the way. Here, we specifically highlight the instrumental role that developmental biology has played throughout. We take the reader on a journey, starting with developmental genetics studies that identified some of the main molecular players, through developmental model organisms that helped unravel their biochemical function and cell biological activities. Culminating in complex analyses of stem cell fate and dynamic tissue growth, these efforts beautifully illustrate how different disciplines provided missing pieces of a puzzle. Together, they have shaped our mechanistic understanding of the Wnt pathway as a conserved signalling process in development and disease. Today, researchers are still uncovering additional roles for Wnts and other members of this multifaceted signal transduction pathway, opening up promising new avenues for clinical applications.
Complex Terrain Load Carriage Energy Expenditure Estimation Using Global Positioning System Devices
Authors: POTTER ADAM W. , SANTEE WILLIAM R. , MULLEN STEPHEN P. , KARIS ANTHONY J. , BLANCHARD LAURIE A. , ROME MAXWELL N. , PITTS KENNETH P. , LOONEY DAVID P.
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Military load carriage can cause extreme energy expenditure (EE) that is difficult to estimate due to complex terrain grades and surfaces. Global Positioning System (GPS) devices capture rapid changes in walking speed and terrain but the delayed respiratory response to movement is problematic. We investigated the accuracy using GPS data in three different equations to estimate EE during complex terrain load carriage.

Methods

Twelve active duty military personnel (age, 20 ± 3 yr; height, 174 ± 8 cm; body mass, 85 ± 13 kg) hiked a complex terrain trail on multiple visits under different external load conditions. Energy expenditure was estimated by inputting GPS data into three different equations: the Pandolf–Santee equation, a recent GPS-based equation from de Müllenheim et al.; and the Minimum Mechanics model. Minute-by-minute EE estimates were exponentially smoothed using smoothing factors between 0.05 and 0.95 and compared with mobile metabolic sensor EE measurements.

Results

The Pandolf–Santee equation had no significant estimation bias (−2 ± 12 W; P = 0.89). Significant biases were detected for the de Müllenheim equation (38 ± 13 W; P = 0.004) and the Minimum Mechanics model (−101 ± 7 W; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Energy expenditure can be accurately estimated from GPS data using the Pandolf–Santee equation. Applying a basic exponential smoothing factor of 0.5 to GPS data enables more precise tracking of EE during non–steady-state exercise.
Ethnolinguistic Favoritism in African Politics
Authors: Dickens Andrew
Published: June 2018

African political leaders have a tendency to favor members of their own ethnic group. Yet for all other ethnic groups in a country, it is unclear whether having a similar ethnicity to the leader is beneficial. To shed light on this issue, I use a continuous measure of linguistic similarity to quantify the ethnic similarity of a leader to all ethnic groups in a country. Combined with panel data on 163 ethnic groups partitioned across 35 sub-Saharan countries, I use within-group time variation in similarity that results from a partitioned group's concurrent exposure to multiple national leaders. Findings show that ethnic favoritism is more widespread than previously believed: in addition to evidence of coethnic favoritism, I document evidence of non-coethnic favoritism that typically goes undetected in the absence of a continuous measure of similarity. I also find that patronage tends to be targeted toward ethnic regions rather than individuals of a particular ethnic group. I relate these results to the literature on coalition building and provide evidence that ethnicity is one of the guiding principles behind high-level government appointments. (JEL D72, J15, O15, O17, Z13)
Psychological features of socio-psychological conflicts in the activities of the head of law enforcement bodies
Authors: Вахнина Виктория , Vahnina Viktoriya , Штейников Никита , Shteynikov Nikita
Published: June 2018

The effectiveness of managerial activity of heads of internal affairs bodies is related to the ability of the leader to prevent and prevent socio-psychological conflicts. The implementation of the basic functions of management depends on the style of management and personal qualities of the leader himself. In the prevention of socio-psychological conflicts, the chief role belongs to the leader, his ability to distribute responsibilities psychologically, to fairly assess the results achieved, to act as an intermediary in the settlement of emerging conflicts, disputes and contradictions.
Regímenes de política social en América Latina: una revisión crítica de la literatura
Authors: Antía Florencia
Published: June 2018

El artículo analiza los principales aportes de la literatura académica acerca de los regímenes de políticas sociales que se configuraron en los países latinoamericanos desde inicios del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. Se concentra en la variación en los regímenes de políticas sociales a nivel intrarregional, a lo largo del tiempo, así como en los factores políticos que explican esos resultados. Tras la identificación de tres etapas en el desarrollo de las políticas sociales, el estudio destaca los desafíos que hoy en día se plantean en materia de protección social, los principales aportes y vacíos en la literatura, así como asuntos a profundizar en una futura agenda de investigación.
Strategy and the Institutional Envelope
Authors: Ahuja Gautam , Capron Laurence , Lenox Michael , Yao Dennis A.
Published: June 2018

Classical approaches to strategy are built around two dominant pillars to explain firm performance: industry structure and firm strategy and capabilities. Firm performance is typically seen as a result of a “fit,” or complementarity, between industry structure and firm strategic choices. We supplement the classical model of strategy with a third pillar, that of the institutional envelope. We argue that the institutional envelope, as its name suggests, is a pervasive influence on the strategy-performance relationship. Both firm strategy and industry structure are simultaneously shaped by, and shape, the institutional envelope, which is both a primitive to and product of firm strategy and industry structure. It also moderates the relationship between firm strategy and industry structure.

Institutional considerations are therefore not simply a subfield of strategy research. The institutional envelope is a critical component of any consideration of strategy. Theories of industry structure and strategic choice are insufficient without a fully formed model of the institutional envelope at their very foundation. All strategies, market or non-market, are consciously or unconsciously related to their institutional envelope—being tailored to conform to the institutional envelope or tailoring the institutional envelope to suit them. We see this institutional project that we are advancing as nothing less than the third great wave of strategy research, building off the previous waves emphasizing industry structure and firm choice and resources. It is in the context of this institutions-based strategy model that we preview the papers in the special issue.
A Probabilistic Traffic-Theoretic Network Loading Model Suitable for Large-Scale Network Analysis
Authors: Lu Jing , Osorio Carolina
Published: June 2018

This paper formulates an analytical stochastic network loading model. It is a stochastic formulation of the link transmission model (LTM), which itself is an operational formulation of Newell’s simplified theory of kinematic waves. The proposed model builds on an existing initial model. It proposes a formulation with enhanced scalability. In particular, compared with the initial model, it has a complexity that is linear rather than cubic in the link’s space capacity. This makes it suitable for large-scale network analysis. The model is validated versus a simulation-based implementation of the stochastic LTM. The proposed model yields significant gains in computational efficiency while preserving accuracy. The validation experiments illustrate how computational run times of the proposed model increase linearly with the link’s space capacity, while the initial model has an exponential increase in run times. The proposed model yields accurate distributional approximations of the link’s boundary conditions. It is used to address a probabilistic formulation of a citywide signal control problem. The model is shown to be robust to the quality of the initial signal plans. It yields signal plans that systematically outperform both initial plans, as well as a plan derived by widely used commercial signal control software. The model is suitable for large-scale network optimization.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0804 .
Moisture-associated skin damage: cause, risk and management
Authors: Lumbers Melaine
Published: June 2018

Understanding the differential diagnosis between moisture-associated skin damage (MASD) and pressure ulcers (PU) ensures appropriate management and interventions are instigated at the earliest opportunity. Most damage occurring to the buttocks or sacrum is attributed to pressure, shear, excessive moisture or a combination of these factors. MASD caused by excessive moisture to the sacrum/buttock area is recognised as incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD); its occurrence is an identified risk factor in the development of PUs. Treatment for IAD should therefore focus on both IAD management and pressure ulcer prevention.
Las redes de comunicación alternativa y ciudadana en España. Potencialidades, dificultades y retos.
Authors: Ramos Martín Juan , Morais Susana , Barranquero Carretero Alejandro
Published: June 2018

Este artículo analiza la historia y el presente de las redes de comunicación alternativa y ciudadana en España partiendo de la premisa de que estas son vehículos fundamentales para generar alianzas estratégicas, compartir y generar contenidos, y asegurar políticas públicas que beneficien al sector. Mediante la triangulación de técnicas cuantitativas (encuestas) y cualitativas (entrevistas, encuentro-seminario y revisión documental), los resultados evidencian un panorama plural y geográficamente diverso de redes de medios alternativos. No obstante, se perciben debilidades como la falta de estatuto legal de muchas de estas organizaciones, problemas de permanencia y continuidad entre los activistas, y un escaso diálogo entre las mismas.
The Comparative Study of Papain Enzyme from Papaya Fruits California variant and Indonesian Local variant
Authors: Ningrum Diah Ratna , Kosasih Wawan , Priatni Sri
Published: June 2018

Papain (E.C.3.4.22.2) is a proteolytic enzyme which has important role due toits diverse uses in textile, pharmaceutics, cosmetics and food industries.Papain enzyme can be found in almost all parts of the papaya plant and mostof the stem and fruit. The objective of this study is to compare the Californiavar. and Indonesian local var. of papaya fruits, in papain production and alsoto characterize the enzyme properties. Results showed that the highest yield ofcrude papain was obtained from local papaya latex (24.87%) whichprecipitated by ethanol with ratio of 1:2. The highest of activity enzyme,soluble protein and specific enzyme activity obtained from the local papayawere 3154 ± 11.31unit/mL, solubility protein of 0.94± 0.08 mg/mL andspesific enzyme activity of 3355.32 unit/mg protein, respectively. The activityof enzyme fraction F7 obtained from purification by DEAE sepharose columnwas 202.33 U/mL dan the molecular weight of this fraction was between 17-28 kDa.© 2
A AUTONOMIA A UNIVERSALIZAÇÃO DO ACESSO À JUSTIÇA: A NARRATIVA DA DEFENSORIA PÚBLICA PELAS EMENDAS CONSTITUCIONAIS
Authors: Barros Renata Furtado , Machado José Alberto Oliveira de Paula
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar as reformas constitucionais da Defensoria Pública e os seus respectivos êxitos em atingir um modelo efetivo de assistência jurídica integral gratuita. A pesquisa será predominantemente empírica com abordagem quantitativa de dados auferidos dos Diagnósticos da Defensoria Pública no Brasil publicado pelo Ministério da Justiça no ano de 2004, 2006, 2009 e 2015. De forma complementar, contemplou-se o método dedutivo e a realização de análise bibliográfica a partir de fontes diversas de informações. Concluiu-se que a opção política por um serviço público de qualidade ganha força e legitimidade a cada dia, entretanto a projeção do cumprimento do projeto constitucional de assistência jurídica gratuita em todas as comarcas ressalta um cenário desafiador para a maioria dos Estados brasileiros.
A FALTA DE REPRESENTATIVIDADE INDÍGENA NOS PARLAMENTOS BRASILEIROS: A DEMOCRACIA REPRESENTATIVA VIGENTE DEVE SER (RE)INVENTADA?
Authors: Dornelles Ederson Nadir Pires , Veronese Osmar
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo visa discutir o sistema democrático vigente no Brasil e a falta de representatividade de grupos minoritários nas Casas Legislativas pátrias, especialmente dos grupos indígenas. Devido à sistemática corrente, os indígenas acabam não adentrando no processo eleitoral representativo em nenhuma das esferas da federação. Para discutir o problema, a pesquisa tece pontos básicos do modelo representativo de democracia, denuncia uma pressentida crise do referido modelo, anunciada por muitos teóricos, destaca a importância do reconhecimento das minorias identitárias dentro do processo democrático, retrata o tratamento jurídico conferido ao indígena ao longo da história do Brasil para, por fim, empenhar-se ao problema da falta de representatividade indígena nos parlamentos brasileiros. A partir da pesquisa, pode-se inferir que a democracia brasileira precisa ser, no mínimo, aprimorada, ou, até mesmo, (re)inventada, haja vista a necessidade de instituição de medidas para a perfectibilização de uma efetiva participação dos povos indígenas na democracia.
CONSTITUCIONALISMO, DIREITOS HUMANOS E LAICIDADE: NEOPENTECOSTALISMO E POLÍTICA NO BRASIL CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Burckhart Thiago
Published: June 2018

Nos últimos anos e décadas houve um exponencial crescimento dos indivíduos que se autodeclaram “evangélicos” no Brasil. Para além de um fenômeno meramente religioso, os evangélicos passaram a ganhar notoriedade na esfera político-institucional. Essa aproximação entre Estado e religião, entretanto, coloca em risco o princípio da laicidade que funda tanto o constitucionalismo quanto a modernidade ocidental. O risco de retrocessos se coloca na medida em que grupos religiosos tentam impor, por meio do direito e da política, sua moral. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é de analisar, a partir da sociologia jurídica, mas com aportes da teoria constitucional, as perspectivas e desafios no que tange à laicidade no constitucionalismo brasileiro, tomando para análise a performance, mediante manobra política, da bancada evangélica frente à PEC 181/15. Para tanto o artigo divide-se em cinco partes: I – Constitucionalismo e laicidade; II – Direito, moral e política; III – Marcos normativos na defesa da laicidade; IV – Bancada evangélica e neopentecostalismo no Brasil; V – Performance da bancada evangélica na PEC 181/15 como uma violação ao princípio da laicidade.
Uso e ocupação do solo e caracterização morfométrica de microbacia na região centro-sul paranaense
Authors: Oliveira Darlin Henrique Ramos de , Acorsi Matheus Gabriel , Smaniotto Danrley Antônio
Published: June 2018

A exploração desordenada dos recursos naturais, o uso inadequado dos solos, atrelado ao uso abusivo de fertilizantes, corretivos e agrotóxicos vem provocando inúmeros problemas ambientais, principalmente em áreas de nascentes e várzeas, comprometendo a qualidade e a quantidade dos recursos hídricos. Estudos em nível de microbacia hidrográfica podem trazer informações importantes para o correto manejo e adequação dos problemas encontrados. Com este intuito, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar o estudo do uso e ocupação do solo, bem como a definição das características morfométricas da microbacia do rio Guarani, localizada na área rural do município de Quedas do Iguaçu - PR. Para isto, realizou-se a elaboração de quatro diferentes mapas, sendo eles: mapa da rede de drenagem, mapa da área de preservação permanente (APP), mapa de uso e ocupação do solo e o mapa do relevo da microbacia. Realizou-se também a análise morfométrica da microbacia. Destaca-se a existência de irregularidades na microbacia em estudo que com o manejo adequado podem ser corrigidos no intuito de prezar pela qualidade da água e na contensão de possíveis processos erosivos.
Mobile Research in India : A Scientometric Assessment of Publications Output during 2007-16
Authors: Gupta B M , Dhawan S.M. , Gupta Ritu
Published: June 2018

The paper examines 13021 Indian publications on mobile research during 2007-16,as covered in Scopus database. The Indian publications were downloaded using a search strategy which uses the search term ‘mobile*’ in the two tags, namely ‘keyword tag’ and ‘Article Title tag’ and restricting it to the India in ‘country tag’ and period 2007-16 in ‘date range tag’. The Indian mobile research output experiencing an annual average growth rate of 22.64 per cent, global share of 5.88 per cent, citation impact of 2.11 and international collaborative publication share of 11.28 per cent during 2007-16. Computer Science, among subjects, contributed the largest publication share (74.61), engineering (38.32%), mathematics and social sciences (6.94% and 6.54), etc. during 2007-16. Amongst14 subfields identified in India’s mobile research, mobile networks contributed the largest publication share (53.19%), followed by mobile telecommunication systems (35.09%), Mobile communication (29.22%), mobile ad hoc networks (26.86%), mobile security (20.62%), etc. The most productive 20 Indian organisations and authors together contributed 25.64 per cent and 5.11 per cent share to the overall publications output of India in mobile research during 2007-16.The top 20 journals contributed 23.0 per cent share to the Indian journal output during 2007-16. Only 14 publications have registered citations from 109 to 548 and these together received3259 citations, with 232.79 citations per paper. Conclude that India is still not a leading country in the world on mobile research both in terms of quantity and quality of research. In view of strategic and global importance and to increase the research output and quality, the Indian Government needs to identify this area as one of the national priority area, involving much larger R&D investments and trained manpower and also increase international collaboration with leading mobile research hubs.
Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing via Facebook Groups: Analysis of Postings of Library and Information Science Community
Authors: Das Kshirod , Mahapatra R.K.
Published: June 2018

Social networking sites are visibly the latest trend and have changed the way the 21st century communicates each other. Its usage becomes more and more in the world of information, its presence in the library and information science becomes challenging and exciting. The aim of this study was to know the trend of posting, sharing, commenting and like a Facebook post, to understand the participation level and response against Facebook group post, and also to explore the type of content generated by LIS community through Facebook Group. Group postings/contents of four different Facebook Group Pages (“LIS Group, LIS-XPRESS, S.M.I.T. Library Students, Students of LIS”), operating and use by LIS Community during the period February 2012 to February 2015 are collected, read and analyzed. The analysis of those contents found that sharing photos, links and statuses are major types of group posts in every group and members hardly posting videos and create events for the community.
Information Security Measures of Libraries of Central Universities of Delhi : A Study
Authors: Singh Vikas , Margam Madhusudhan
Published: June 2018

The paper is to examine the information security measures, physical, organisational and technological in Jawahar Lal Nehru University (JNU), University of Delhi (DU) and Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI) in Delhi. The paper uses a mixed-method approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative analyses of information security measures with the help of a specially designed checklist. The findings of the study reveals that JNU scored 69.23 per cent highest information security features, followed by DU with 66.15 per cent, and JMI got the lowest total score with 63.07 per cent. The study has also revealed that all the university libraries under study have been lagging behind in physical security measures. It is hoped that the present study will help in improving the information security lacunas in libraries under study. The findings of the study will not only guide the university librarians to improve their Information security measures, but also open the floodgates for improvements of information security in fast changing technological world so that they can overcome the limitations being faced by librarians.

 
Research on Plagiarism in India during 2002-2016 : A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Chauhan Suresh Kumar
Published: June 2018

The issues of plagiarism have been mushrooming more rapidly around the globe. India is also not spared from plagiarism and related issues. Various researchers and academicians have raised their concern on rapidly growing cases of plagiarism. In this study, an analysis was made to identify the average growth of publications written on plagiarism by Indian authors, the degree of author collaboration, most impactful sources for publishing on plagiarism. The data for the period of 2002 – 2016 were extracted from Scopus by executing a query on ‘Plagiarism’ term. In total 385 publications were found and computed. Average citations per publications of 4.01 for the period, 2007-11 was found high as compared to two other block periods of the study whereas block period 2002-06 was witnessed 49.53 per cent annual growth rate. The Single authored publications prevailed more (34.55 per cent) which interestingly also achieved 50.38 per cent of the cited rate. It was also observed that the degree of multi-authored collaboration has been improving with every passing year.
Service Quality of Libraries of Indian Council of Agricultural Research Institutes of Kerala, India
Authors: K.P. Sajna , K. Mohamed Haneefa
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study is to measure the service quality of the libraries of Indian Council of Agricultural Research institutes in Kerala. Survey method with modified SERVQUAL questionnaire was employed to elicit responses from a representative sample of 180 users of the libraries. It is revealed that the ICAR institute libraries lack service quality. While the libraries compared, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Library has shown quality to an extent and library of Central Tuber Crops Research Institute has shown least service quality. Library collection dimension was found as the most expected dimension whereas library staff dimension was the most perceived dimension. The highest service quality gap was identified with library service dimension and the lowest gap was identified with library staff dimension. Regular user need assessment and feedback mechanism should be done to improve the service quality of the libraries. The study can be utilised for developing quality enhancement practices in special libraries in India. 