bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De Novo Evaluation of Gender Dysphoria Misconceptions and Islamic Religious Perplexity: Is there any Chance of Reconciliation?
Authors: Taslim Najla , Canales Arthur D.
Published: March 2023

Gender dysphoria [GD] or a sex and gender discord that leads to enormous psychological suffering in some variants of transgender people is a highly complex and debatable subject. Muslim culture, religious and ethical values pose more challenges to the acceptance of GD than the Western system. The purpose of this narrative review is to present and discuss GD misconceptions and contrasting Islamic views with a fresh perspective and a rational approach in light of current advancements in this field. Since there are no directives in the Holy Quran and Hadith on matters of GD, Muslims have been polarized regarding GD. The so-called “liberal scholars” corroborate the scientific fact and view GD patients as a medical condition, which necessitates contemporary therapeutic interventions. Conversely, the so-called “conservative approaches” regard GD a delusional thinking probably arising from a mental illness, or a spiritual immorality, which necessitates psychotherapy or zealous religious guidance. Due to the religious tensions, generalized unawareness, and scarcity of the quality multifaceted research, there is widespread misconceptions and hostility toward transgender people in Islamic culture. The critical appraisal of the Islamic debate on GD proves that despite its ambiguity and intricacies, GD remains a stark reality and merits resolution. Though conflicted on GD, Islamic jurists concur that Islamic laws founded on core principles of love, and respect for all dictate rational reasoning, and enlightened approach on obscure matters. Young Muslims can help reconcile GD conflict in Islamic societies by initiating intra-faith dialogues and engaging their religious scholars in clinical and patient-centered research to broaden their perspective. Collaborative efforts can prompt conservative Islamic scholars to re-negotiate their antagonistic stance on GD or SRT. Islamic leaders can also influence local governments and policy makers to develop policies to improve the welfare of long-ignored transgender people that deserve attention, empathy, and treatment on moral and religious grounds.
Pemberdayaan Remaja dalam Optimalisasi Peningkatan Kesehatan Reproduksi
Authors: Irfan Irfan , Risyati Linda , Handayani Fitri
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAK Kesehatan reproduksi remaja mencakup perilaku seksual beresiko antara lain seks pra nikah yang dapat berakibat pada kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan, perilaku seksual berganti-ganti pasangan, aborsi tidak aman, dan perilaku beresiko tertular infeksi menular seksual (IMS) termasuk HIV. Mencegah dan melindungi remaja dari perilaku seksual beresiko dan perilaku beresiko lainnya serta mempersiapkan remaja untuk menjalani kehidupan reproduksi yang sehat dan bertanggung jawab yang meliputi persiapan fisik, psikis, dan social untuk menikah dan menjadi orang tua pada usia yang matang. Pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dalam kegiatan bertahap yaitu tahapan pretest, penyuluhan tentang kesehatan reproduksi remaja, postest, pemilihan duta kesehatan reproduksi remaja, dan pelatihan duta remaja. Hasil pre-test dan post-test ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel deskripsi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan remaja perihal kesehatan reproduksi remaja diantaranya definisi Kesehatan reproduksi, organ reproduksi, kehamilan tidak diinginkan, infeksi menular seksual, dan kekerasan seksual. Terdapat perubahan persentase pengetahuan responden dengan peningkatan pengetahuan baik sebesar 60% serta penurunan persentase pengetahuan kurang sebesar 16%. Terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman pelajar MAN Kota Kupang tentang Kesehatan reproduksi remaja. Kata Kunci: Remaja, Kesehatan Reproduksi, Infeksi Menular Seksual  ABSTRACT Adolescent reproductive health includes risky sexual behavior, including premarital sex which can result in unwanted pregnancies, multiple sexual partners, unsafe abortion, and risky behaviors for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. Prevent and protect adolescents from risky sexual behavior and other risky behaviors as well as prepare adolescents to lead a healthy and responsible reproductive life which includes physical, psychological, and social preparation for marriage and parenthood at a mature age. Community service is carried out in stages, namely the pretest stage, counseling on adolescent reproductive health, posttest, selection of healthy adolescent ambassadors, and training of healthy adolescent ambassadors. The results of the pre-test and post-test are displayed in the form of a description table. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that there is an increase in adolescent knowledge about adolescent reproductive health including the definition of reproductive health, reproductive organs, unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and sexual violence. There is a change in the percentage of respondents' knowledge with an increase in good knowledge of 60% and a decrease in the percentage of less knowledge by 16%. There is an increase in knowledge and understanding of students of MAN Kupang City about adolescent reproductive health. Keywords: Adolescents, Reproductive Health, Sexually Transmitted Infections
Pendidikan Kesehatan Spiritual Care Pemberian Makanan Bergizi dalam Pendekatan Islam dan Demonstrasi Dapur Sehat
Authors: Mustajab Abdullah Azam , Marwiati Marwiati , Khoiriyah Siti
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAK Stunting menjadi permasalahan kesehatan yang menjadi perhatian nasional. Masalah stunting menyebabkan anak mempunyai tinggi badan yang pendek atau kerdil. Selain permasalahan tinggi badan, stunting juga berdampak pada perkembangan otak, kecerdasan dan metabolisme tubuh terganggu sehingga perkembangan kognitif anak menurun, kesulitan belajar dan menurunnya kekebalan tubuh. Kegiatan ini untuk memotivasi masyarakat dari sudut pandang agama yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kemauan masyarakat dalam mengatasi masalah stunting. Kegiatan menggunakan pendidikan kesehatan spiritual care dan demonstrasi dapur sehat untuk mengolah makanan yang bergizi untuk keluarga. Warga mengikuti kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan antusias dibukikan dengan semua undangan hadir dan saat kegiatan berlangsung warga antusias dalam sesi tanya jawab. Orangtua memahami pemberian gizi pada bayi balita dimulai dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif selama 6 bulan, MP-ASI, dan makanan yang bergizi seimbang. Orangtua memahami pemilihan bahan makanan yang bergizi, persiapan sebelum memasak dan pengolahan makanan yang benar supaya kandungan gizinya tidak rusak atau hilang. Kata Kunci: Stunting, Pendidikan Kesehatan, Spiritual Care, Dapur Sehat  ABSTRACT Stunting is a health issue that is a national concern. Stunting problems cause children to be short in height or dwarf. In addition to height problems, stunting also affects brain development, intelligence and body metabolism, resulting in decreased child cognitive development, learning difficulties and decreased immunity. This activity is to motivate the community from a religious point of view that aims to increase community awareness and willingness to deal with stunting problems. Activities using spiritual care health education and demonstrations of healthy kitchens to process nutritious food for the family. Residents participated in community service activities enthusiastically with all invitations present and during the activity, residents were enthusiastic in question and answer sessions. Parents understand that providing nutrition to infants under five begins with exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, MP-ASI, and nutritionally balanced food. Parents understand the selection of nutritious food ingredients, preparation before cooking and proper food processing so that the nutritional content is not damaged or lost.Keywords: Stunting, Health Education, Spiritual Care, Healthy Kitchen
Edukasi “Sejawat Hebat” Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kesehatan Jiwa Perawat
Authors: Widakdo Giri , Naryati Naryati , Aisyah Aisyah , Nuraenah Nuraenah , Sugiatmi Sugiatmi , Hidayat Elli , Waluyo Ineke Kusumo , Rahmawati Erlin , Wendriani Dwi , Ayuningtyas Fatha Anisya
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAK Kejadian pandemi covid 19 yang merupakan kejadian luar biasa pada seluruh  aspek kehidupan termasuk aspek/bidang kesehatan, bagi tenaga kesehatan  terutama perawat, yang menjadi salah satu subyek penting pada garda terdepan dalam memberikan pelayanan khususnya pemberian asuhan keperawatan secara paripurna, walau dengan kondisi pasien yang infeksius. Situasi kesehatan  pasien yang turun naik tanpa bisa di prediksi , makin banyaknya pasien baru bermunculan dan ketidak tersediaan ruang rawat di berbagai rumah sakit, akan meningkatkan resiko gangguan kesehatan mental emosional pada perawat itu sendiri, akhirnya   kondisi tersebut bagi tenaga kesehatan khususnya perawat dapat memperburuk daya tahan tubuh dan membuat rentan untuk juga terinfeksi covid 19. Tujuan program kemitraan masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah umtuk meningkatkan  pengetahuan dan kemampuan perawat dalam mengenal kesehatan mental emosionalnya serta mampu beradaptasi dalam berbagai kondisi sehinga terbentuknya pribadi sehat fisik dan mental yang profesional. Adapun metode pelaksanaan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah dengan pendekatan advokasi,   bina suasana dan pemberdayaan perawat. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan . Pemberdayaan melalui Pembentukan Kelompok Kerja Kesehatan Jiwa (Pokja Keswa) “Edukasi Sejawat Hebat”. dan Pelatihan Pokja Keswa terhadap kesehatan jiwa, tehnik relaksasi serta  deteksi dini. Kata Kunci: Sejawat Hebat, Meningkatkan, Kesehatan Jiwa  ABSTRACT The Covid 19 pandemic is an extraordinary event in all aspects of life including aspects/fields of health, for health workers, especially nurses, who are one of the important subjects at the forefront in providing services, especially providing complete nursing care, even with the patient's infectious condition. . The patient's health condition fluctuates without being predictable, causing many new sufferers to emerge and the unavailability of inpatient rooms in various hospitals, will increase the risk of emotional mental health disorders for the nurses themselves, ultimately these conditions for health workers, especially nurses, can improve endurance. and makes you more vulnerable to contracting COVID-19. The purpose of this community partnership program (PKM) is to increase the knowledge and ability of nurses to recognize their emotional mental health and to be able to adapt to various conditions so that a healthy, physically and mentally professional person is formed. The implementation method in community service is by advocacy, atmosphere building and nurse empowerment approaches. The results of the community service carried out: Empowerment through the Formation of a Mental Health Working Group (Pokja Keswa) "Great Peer Education"and Keswa Working Group training on mental health, relaxation techniques and early touch. Keywords: Great Colleague, Improving, Mental Health
Analisis Asuhan Keperawatan melalui Intervensi Mengajarkan Pasien Berinteraksi Bertahap pada Ny.H dan Ny.A dengan Diagnosa Medis Skizofrenia di Panti Sosial Bina Laras Harapan 2
Authors: Jahja Fauziah Fidya , Sukamti Nita
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAK Gangguan jiwa merupakan suatu keadaan individu yang dirinya merasa terganggu dari aspek mentalnya dan tidak dapat mengendalikan pikiran dengan sebagaimana mestinya. Isolasi sosial merupakan suatu keadaan dimana seorang tidak dapat bersosialisasi terhadap orang yang ada disekitarnya. Analisis Asuhan Keperawatan Melalui Intervensi Mengajarkan Pasien Berinteraksi Bertahap Pada Ny.H dan Ny. A Dengan Diagnosa Medis Skizofrenia Di Panti Sosial Bina Laras Harapan 2. Tindakan keperawatan dilakukan selama tiga hari. Intervensi utama yang diberikan kepada klien Ny.H dan Ny.A dengan masalah keperawatan utama isolasi sosial yaitu dengan menganjurkan berinteraksi bertahap. Evaluasi keperawatan pada klien Ny.H dan Ny.A dengan masalah keperawatan utama isolasi sosial berdasarkan catatan perkembangan, setelah melakukan interaksi bertahap selama tiga hari pertemuan pada klien didapatkan hasil bahwa klien mampu berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar. Mengajarkan berinteraksi bertahap pada pasien isolasi sosial dapat meningkatkan kemampuan sosialisasi dengan orang lain. Kata Kunci: Skizofrenia, Isolasi Sosial, Berinteraksi Bertahap  ABSTRACT Mental disorder is a condition of an individual who feels disturbed from his mental aspect and cannot control his mind properly. Social isolation is a condition where a person cannot socialize with the people around. Analysis of Nursing Care Through Intervention Teaching Patients to Interact Gradually in Ny.H and Ny.A With a Medical Diagnosis of Schizophrenia at the Bina Laras Harapan Social Institution 2. Nursing actions carried out for three days. The main intervention given to Ny.H and Ny.A clients with the main nursing problem of social isolation is to encourage gradual interaction. Nursing evaluation of Ny.H and Ny.A clients with the main nursing problem of social isolation based on progress notes, after conducting gradual interactions over three days of meetings with clients, the results show that clients are able to interact with the surrounding environment. Teaching social isolation patients to interact gradually can improve their ability to socialize with others. Keywords: Schizophrenia, Social Isolation, Interact Gradually
Analisis Intervensi Keperawatan Penggunaan Polyurethane Foam sebagai Secondary Dressing dan Terapi Ozone Bagging pada Fase Proliferasi Pasien Ny. E dan Tn. D Dengan Diagnosa Medis Diabetic Foot Ulcer Diklinik Wocare Kota Bogor
Authors: Maulidha Dithya Ema , Naziyah Naziyah
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAK  Saat ini ada >500 jenis modern wound dressing salah satunya Polyurethane foam, Polyurethane foam adalah Balutan berfungsi untuk menyerap cairan yang dapat digunakan sebagai balutan primer dan sekunder. Saat ini sudah banyak terapi komplementer untuk pengobatan ulkus diabetik yang dapat dipadukan dengan perawatan luka modern. Salah satu terapi yang dianjurkan adalah terapi kantong ozon karena relatif murah. Analisis keperawatan intervensi dengan terapi polyurethane foam secondary dressing dan ozone bagging  pada pasien proliferatif Ny .E dan Tn. D, didiagnosis ulkus kaki diabetik di Klinik Wocare Center di Kota Bogor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam studi kasus ini adalah metode deskriptif. Setelah dilakukkan penggunaan polyurethane foam pada Ny. E dan Tn. D sebagai secondary dressing pada fase proliferasi, dapat dibuktikan dengan perubahan ukuran luka pada pasien Tn. D saat kunjungan ke-4, dan Jumlah eksudat pada luka Ny. E saat kunjungan ke-6, dengan jaringan granulasi mencapai 100%. Pada intervensi penggunaan polyurethane foam dan terapi ozone bagging pada jaringan dengan luka diabetic foot ulcer saat fase proliferasi sangat efektif untuk menangani diabetic foot ulcer dibuktikan dengan perubahan dalam ukuran luka dan jumlah eksudat dengan menggunakan winner scale score. Kata Kunci: Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Polyurethane Foam, Ozzone Bagging  ABSTRACT Currently there are > 500 types of modern wound dressings, one of which is Polyurethane foam, Polyurethane foam is a dressing that functions to absorb fluids that can be used as primary and secondary dressings. Currently, there are many complementary therapies for diabetic ulcer management that can be combined with modern wound care. One of the recommended therapies is ozone bagging therapy, because ozone bagging therapy is relatively inexpensive. To analyze nursing care through interventions using polyurethane foam as secondary dressing and ozone bagging therapy in the proliferative phase of patient Ny. E and Mr. D with a medical diagnosis of diabetic foot ulcer at the Wocare Center clinic, Bogor City. The research method used in this case study is a descriptive method. After using polyurethane foam on Mrs. E and Mr. D as a secondary dressing in the proliferative phase, as evidenced by changes in wound size in Tn's patients. D at the fourth visit, and the amount of exudate on Mrs. E at the sixth visit, with granulation tissue reaching 100%. the intervention using polyurethane foam and ozone bagging therapy on tissues with diabetic foot ulcer wounds during the proliferative phase is very effective for treating diabetic foot ulcers as evidenced by changes in wound size and amount of exudate using the winner scale score. Keywords: Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Polyurethane Foam, Ozzone Bagging
Gambaran Faktor Resiko Stunting Balita di Desa Siwalanpanji Kabupaten Sidoarjo Jawa Timur
Authors: Purnama Ni Luh Agustini
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT Stunting is influenced by various factors that cause children's nutritional intake. The purpose of the study was to identify the risk factors for stunting in children under five in Siwalanpanji Village, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. This research was a descriptive observational study. The population is all children under five who experience stunting at the Orchid Posyandu, Siwalanpanji Village, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. The sampling technique used is a total sampling with a total of 30 respondents. Collecting data using a questionnaire. The results showed that 60% of stunting children got exclusive breastfeeding. All families (100%) who have stunted children with socio-economic income below the UMK (Regency Minimum Wage) Sidoarjo, which is Rp. 4,300,000. As many as 60% of stunting children tend to eat a food approach or eating behavior with the highest tendency to eat behavior indicators, namely in the category of desire to drink or the child's desire to always drink. As many as 67% of mothers who have stunted children with feeding behavior are in the poor category with the lowest aspect being providing a pleasant environment during eating  Keywords: Risk Factors, Stunting, Children  ABSTRAK Stunting dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang menyebabkan asupan gizi anak tidak seimbang. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi gambaran faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada Balita di di Desa Siwalanpanji, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur. Penelitiani ini adalah penelitian deskriptif observasi. Populasi semua anak usia balita yang mengalami stunting di Posyandu Anggrek, Desa Siwalanpanji, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur. Tehnik sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling dengan jumlah 30 responden. Pengumpulan data mengunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 60% anak stunting mendapatkan ASI ekslusif. Semua keluarga (100%) yang memiliki anak stunting dengan sosial ekonomi berpenghasilan dibawah UMK (Upah Minimun Kabupaten) Sidoarjo, yaitu sebesar Rp. 4.300.000. Sebanyak 60 % anak stunting memiliki kecenderungan perilaku makan food approach atau perilaku suka makan dengan kecenderungan indikator perilaku makan tertinggi yaitu pada kategori desire to drink atau keinginan anak untuk selalu minum. Sebanyak 67% ibu yang memiliki anak stunting dengan perilaku pemberian makan dalam kategori kurang baik dengan aspek terendah pada memberikan lingkungan yang menyenangkan selama makan. Kata Kunci: Faktor resiko, Stunting, Anak
Pendidikan Kesehatan Pertolongan Pertama dengan Metode Demonstrasi dan Media Booklet dapat Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Ketrampilan Guru tentang Pertolongan Pertama
Authors: Ratnaningsih Ani , Itsna Ita Nur , Oktiawati Anisa
Published: March 2023

Children are prone to injury and are at higher risk. Children have the potential for injury because they have not learned to be aware of various environmental hazards. Immediate first aid is essential in managing injuries outside the hospital. Injuries that may be experienced by children require immediate and appropriate first aid treatment before health workers arrive at the location or during the transportation process to health services. The teacher is the closest person when the child is at school. When a child is injured at school, the teacher should be able to respond properly in performing first aid. This study aims to determine the knowledge of preschool teachers before and after being given health education. This research is a pre-experimental quantitative research with one group pretest posttest design. The subject of the study was a teacher at Siti Khodijah IT Kindergarten with a sampling technique of random sampling with saturated samples. Data were obtained through interviews, observation and physical examination, documentation studies, and SCAS research instruments. The data is presented in the form of narrative text. This study shows the effect of first aid health education with demonstration methods and booklet media to increase teachers' knowledge and skills about first aid. Keywords: Booklet, Demonstration, Knowledge, Skill, First Aid   ABSTRAK Anak-anak rentan terhadap cedera dan berisiko lebih tinggi. Anak-anak memiliki potensi terhadap kejadian cidera karena mereka belum belajar untuk menyadari berbagai bahaya lingkungan. Pertolongan pertama dengan segera sangat penting dalam mengelola cidera di luar rumah sakit. Cidera yang mungkin dialami anak membutuhkan perawatan pertolongan pertama yang segera dan tepat sebelum tenaga kesehatan sampai ke lokasi atau selama proses transpotasi ke pelayanan kesehatan.Guru merupakan orang terdekat saat anak di sekolah. Ketika ada anak yang cidera di sekolah, guru sebaiknya bisa berespon dengan benar dalam melakukan pertolongan pertama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan guru prasekolah sebelum dan setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif pre eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest. Subjek penelitian adalah guru di TK IT Siti Khodijah dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel adalah random sampling sampel jenuh. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi dan pemeriksaan fisik, studi dokumentasi, serta instrument penelitian SSFAKT. Data disajikan dalam bentuk teks naratif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan pertolongan pertama dengan metode demonstrasi dan media booklet untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilam guru tentang pertolongan pertama.  Kata Kunci: Booklet, Demonstrasi, Pengetahuan, Ketrampilan, Pertolongan Pertama
ADVANCING THE LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN ISLAMIC LAW. MONA SAMADI. BRILL NIJHOFF PUBLICATIONS, LEIDEN & BOSTON, 2021, 222 PP., ISBN: 978-90-04-44693-9, €128.00 (HARD COVER)
Authors: Farooq M. , F. Khan Abuhuraiyrah
Published: March 2023

This article is a review of a book that presents a detailed and thorough analysis of women’s legal status in the Islamic legal system. The book consists of six chapters that include a historical overview of women who held power in Islam, classical and contemporary sources of Islamic law, women’s legal status, and measures taken by male-dominated societies to circumvent or restrict women’s rights. The author’s arguments are based on the position of women in the Islamic legal system, in the light of the sources of Islamic law and Islamic traditions. The book is a valuable resource for scholars, students, and activists interested in understanding women's legal status in Muslim societies. The author argues that it is not Islamic law per se but rather the juristic interpretations that cause the inequalities faced by women. The author suggests revisiting laws, policies, and practices to strengthen the legal status of women by incorporating human values such as human dignity, fairness, and justice, as laid in the Quran, as the jus divinum for any law affecting women as a class.
آراء النخب الإعلامية نحو واقع صحافة المواطن والتزامها بالمعايير المهنية والأخلاقية
Authors: حسن أحمد فلاح , حسن سعد كاظم
Published: March 2023

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على آراء النخب الإعلامية نحو واقع صحافة المواطن التي باتت تشكل نمطاً إعلامياً جديداً مغاير عن الأسس الصحفية المهنية وقواعدها، مما دعا للبحث عن الإشكاليات التي تعاني منها، ومعرفة مدى التزامها بالمعايير المهنية للصحافة، لذا قام الباحث باستخدام المنهج المسحي عن طريق توزيع استبانة على النخب الإعلامية معتمداً على العينة القصدية، التي تكونت من (407) مبحوثاً. كما أستند البحث على نظرية المجال العام لـ هابرماس.
“Hanging: Facts and Reasons in Present Perspective”
Authors: Chowdhury Md Habibuzzaman , Tanjilul Haque Syed Mohammad
Published: March 2023

Abstract not available

AKMMC J 2021; 12(2): 68-69
Analysis of Cumulative Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing Data (Antibiogram) of Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital
Authors: Sharmin Sadia , Mostofa Elma , Khan Md Roknuzzaman , Kamal SM Mostofa
Published: March 2023

Background: Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance at local level is a very crucial aspect for clinical decision making, infection control interventions and antimicrobial-resistance containment strategies in this era of rising superbugs. The hospital antibiogram constructed by standardized method is a summary of antimicrobial susceptibilities of local bacterial isolates, with periodic review.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in Microbiology Laboratory of Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital (AKMMCH) over a period of three months from January to March 2021. All the samples which were received in the microbiology laboratory for aerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing were considered in this study. The bacterial isolates from diagnostic clinical samples were subjected to culture in appropriate media for isolation of pathogens by standard methods and antibiotic sensitivity test (AST) was performed according to CLSI guidelines by modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion techniques.

Results: A total of 2917 samples were analysed in the microbiology department of AKMMCH for a period of three months of which 513(17.59%) were culture positive.Among the cultured samples of urine, respiratory sample, blood and pus, wound swabs, the rate of bacterial isolation was 266 (51.85%) ,161 (31.38%), 31 (6.04%) and 33 (6.4%) respectively. Most of the clinical isolates were Gram-negative bacilli404 (78.75%). The predominant isolate was Escherichia coli 186(36.26%) followed by Pseudomonas spp 102 (19.88%), Klebsiellaspp 79 (15.4%) and S. aureus 66 (12.87%). Antibiotic sensitivity in case of Gram-negative bacteria ranges from 30%-61% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 18%-94% to third generation cephalosporin, 47%-75% to aminoglycosides, 27% -70% to ciprofloxacin, 26-70% to cotrimoxazole, 33-73% to nitrofurantoin, 27-69% to piperacillin- tazobactam and 100% to colistin. However, 53% of Escherichia coli and 58% of Klebsiella spp. were resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. The carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli was found 12%, Klebsiella spp 26%, Pseudomonas spp 29% and highest in Acinetobacter 46%. No superbug was detected in this study period.

Conclusions: Antimicrobial susceptibility of various pathogen for different antibiotic is variable. Prompt antimicrobial therapy in an infection makes a lot of difference between recovery and death and most of the time prevents long term disability. Hence, antibiotic policy is one of the mandatory requirements and making an antibiogram is the first step before framing antibiotic policy.

AKMMC J 2021; 12(2): 70-75
A Case of Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid
Authors: Chowdhury M Alamgir , Mazumder Afroza Suraiya , Hossen Iqbal , Chowdhury Farid Hossain , Alam Mazumder SM Khorshed
Published: March 2023

A 50-year-old diabetic female attended in September, 2021 with a huge swelling in front of her neck, respiratory distress, hoarseness of voice, & generalized weakness for 1 month. All the biochemical tests were inconclusive but S. calcitonin was high(>0.08ng/ml), Fiber optic laryngoscopy revealed left vocal cord paralysis, X-ray chest revealed right sided tracheal deviation, CT-scan of Neck revealed large solid mass in thyroid with mediastinal extension & cervical lymphadenopathy. Patient undergone total thyroidectomy. The specimen sent for histopathology and revealed medullary carcinoma of thyroid gland.

AKMMC J 2021; 12(2): 104-106
Dyslipidaemia in Schizophrenia
Authors: Hasan Syeda Marufa , Sultana Nasima , Awual SM Abdul , Ferdous Shamim Are , Amiruzzaman Molla
Published: March 2023

Background: Lipid neurochemistry is an important focus in schizophrenia research. Disorder of fatty acid metabolism within the brain tissue play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Material & Methods: To evaluate the association of dyslipidaemia with Schizophrenia and compare the serum lipid profile with healthy individuals, a cross sectional analytical study was conducted between July 2011 and June 2012 in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, following approval of a protocol. As per criteria, total 100 cases were included in this study and divided into two groups: Group-I (Diagnosed cases of schizophrenia) and Group-II (Healthy individuals). Written informed consent was taken from all cases. Serum lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL and LDL) was estimated from both groups by enzymatic determination.

Result: Fasting serum triglyceride (p<0.03), HDL cholesterol (p<0.001) and LDL cholesterol (p<0.001) between the groups are significantly related. In group-I mean serum HDL cholesterol is reduced, but LDL cholesterol and Triglyceride were elevated in comparison with group-II. No significant relationship was observed in fasting serum total cholesterol in between groups (p>0.05). Result indicates strong association between schizophrenia and dyslipidaemia. That association would increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease in those patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy individual.

AKMMC J 2022; 13(1) : 8-13
Early Metastasis in Different Types of Breast Carcinoma - A Personal Experience
Authors: Rahman ATM Mostafizur
Published: March 2023

Background: Carcinoma breast is one of the leading causes of death in woman today and is the most common cancer among women. More than 2.3 million of women are diagnosed breast cancer each year world-wide. Carcinoma breast may present from an extent of non-palpable lump to a fixed mass with distal metastasis. As presentation is highly variable, management strategy varies even in same stage of disease.

Objective: To identify early metastasis of different types of breast carcinoma and its management.

Materials and methods: This is a prospective type of observational study in 100 cases done in the different surgical units of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Bashundhara Ad-din Medical College Hospital (BAMCH).Patients were selected clinically and by some standard investigation (FNAC and core biopsy) from January 2006 to December 2018.

Result: Patients at different age groups had suffered from different types of breast carcinoma. Early diagnosis by triple assessments and proper surgical and post-surgical managements reduced both loco- regional and distant metastasis and also reduced both morbidity as well as mortality. Results of treatment and histopathological reports were recorded. It was found that FNAC is cheap and minimally invasive diagnostic procedure with high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (95%).Core needle biopsy is more accurate tissue diagnostic in breast cancer. Down staging has profound symptomatic and cosmetic benefit. In renders inoperable tumors become operable and reduce morbidities.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment is the mainstay to achieve satisfactory outcome. Screening program especially Self-Breast Examination (SBE) is very much helpful in early diagnosis of disease in our social setting. Screening mammography has had the most substantial impact on the early diagnosis of, and subsequent decrease in mortality from breast carcinoma. Women of 20-40 years of age should have a breast examination every 2-3 yearly. Women of more than 40 years of age should have a breast examination every yearly.

AKMMC J 2022; 13(1) : 14-21
Lung Cancer Scenario of NICRH: A Cross Sectional View
Authors: Rahman Md Saydur , Hassanuzzman Md
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Lung cancer alone and in coalition can deactivate life-wheel. But a very little attention had been paid to address the riddle. This effort is to candle the light on the lung cancer disease.

Objective: This study was conducted to delineate the sociodemographic factors and clinical conditions of lung cancer patients. To determine some associations of SD variables and clinical conditions.

Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted in NICRH from July 2017 to June 2018 among 167 LC patients. Data were collected by interview using semi-structured questionnaire and reviewing of check list. Data were checked thoroughly, edited, coded, categorized, cleaned and analyzed using software (SPSS version 23).

Results: This study revealed that mean age of the patients was 56.16 ± SD 9.88. Among which 80.2% were male and 19.8% female. Majority had primary 51.1% education Secondary were 26.4%. Regarding occupation, farmer were 37.1%, businessmen were 20.4% and homemaker were 15.6. The mean income was Tk. 17163 ± SD Tk. 10587. Most had nuclear family 89.2%. Rural inhabitants were 61.1%. In describing cancer type, 81.5% had NSCC and 16.8% had SCC. Regarding clinical condition, 70% had poor, 7.8% had average and 22.2% had severe clinical condition. The residential areas are significantly (χ2, p < .05) associated with clinical conditions. Staging of lung cancer is significantly (χ2, p < .05) associated with clinical conditions.

Conclusion: Socioeconomic factors like age, family income, education, residential condition may affect clinical condition.

AKMMC J 2022; 13(1) : 37-41
Residual astigmatism following cataract surgery
Authors: Luna Mahfuja Khanam , Ahmed S Faisal , Ul Kadir Syeed Mehbub , Ray Arup Ratan , Hossain Somir
Published: March 2023

Objective: To determine the amount of residual astigmatism following cataract surgery.

Materials and methods: A hospital based observational study was conducted in a tertiary eye hospital, Bangladesh during the period of July, 2013 to June, 2014. Patients was selected for the study who diagnosed as ARC with variable amount of astigmatism (1.5 to 3.5D), and excluded any other ocular pathology or history of previous ocular surgery. Phacoemulsification with PC Toric IOL implantation in all cases. Auto refracto-keratometer was done Preoperative and postoperatively for assessing the astigmatism. Main outcome measured were included preoperative uncorrected visual acuity, postoperative uncorrected visual acuity on 1stPOD, after 1 week and 1month, Preoperative keratometry, Preoperative astigmatism, Postoperative uncorrected keratometry on 1st POD, after 1 week and 1month, Postoperative uncorrected astigmatism on 1stPOD, after 1 week and 1month

Results: 30 eyes of 28 patients were assessed in this study. Due to clear corneal incision during phacoemulsification, the steep meridian became flat significantly from pre-operative keratometry 44.329±1.473D (mean±SD) to 30thpost operative keratometry 43.971±1.431D (mean±SD) having p<0.001. On the other-hand the flat meridian became steeper from pre-operative keratometry 42.225±1.471D (mean±SD) to 30thpost operative keratometry 42.421±1.501D (mean±SD) having p<0.001. Preoperative mean astigmatism [Mean±SD] was 2.104±0.319D, after the first postoperative day, mean astigmatism decreased to 0.954±0.494D with p<0.01, and finally after 1 Month there was significant reduction of pre-operative astigmatism to 0.583±0.413D with p<0.0001. So, the mean pre-operative astigmatism decreased significantly in the successive post-operative days.

Conclusion: Toric Intraocular lens implantation in phacoemulsification surgery can correct pre-existing corneal astigmatism significantly after one month of surgery.

AKMMC J 2022; 13(1) : 42-46
An Empirical Assessment Of Poverty, Food Security And Nutritional Status Of Former Enclave People In A Selected Area Of Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun M , Rahman S
Published: March 2023

This article empirically investigates poverty, food security and nutritional status of selected former enclave households. Binary logistic regression was carried out to find out the factors affecting food security of the households. Following simple random sampling technique, a sample of 80 households from two villages of Dibiganj upazila of Panchagarh district of Bangladesh was surveyed in January 2020. On an average, they consumed 20 food items of which their daily per capita intake was 1414.52 gm. Mean of daily per capita protein and calorie intake was 63.14 gm. and 1619.67 Kcal, respectively. Rice occupied the major contributing source of protein and calorie intake as per capita consumption of rice was highest among all other food items (609.35 gm.). Among the respondents, 61.25% belonged to ultra-poor following by hard core poor (20%) and absolute poor (7.5%). Based on FCS, 81.25% of them were in poor diet clusters but consequently 91.25% of them belonged to high dietary diversity as indicated by household dietary diversity score. Assessment of CSI and HFIAS indicated that most of the sample households were suffering from moderately to severely food insecure. But based on MAHFP, 20% of the respondents were found to be food insecure as they had food provisioning for 0- 9 months out of 12 months. At the same time, 51.25% of the sample households were underweight based on their BMI. There was no household member whose physical feature was found to be obese based on BMI characterization. The result of the binary logistic regression shows that food security is positively correlated with total land size and family consumption of food. So, diversification of crop production and diversification of family consumption can be the recommended steps for the enclaves’ households to upgrade their food and nutrition security status

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(4): 353-372, December 2021
Farmers’ Perception and Factors Affecting Adoption Of Mungbean in Patuakhali District of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin MT , Roy SS , Hoq MS
Published: March 2023

Mungbean is an important pulse crop in Bangladesh for nutrition, the economy, and food security, as well as a source of protein for the majority of the people. The study was carried out to better understand farmers' views toward mungbean production, the factors affecting mungbean adoption, and the financial profitability of mungbean cultivation. A structured and pre-tested interview schedule was used to interview 90 mungbean farmers that were randomly selected from different villages in Patuakhali Sadar Upazila, Patuakhali district for collecting field level data. A combination of descriptive, mathematical and statistical techniques was used to analyze the data. Profitability analysis showed that mungbean production was profitable because the net return of its cultivation was Tk. 21,959/ha and BCR was more than unity (1.73). The study revealed that short duration crop, sharing work within household members, crop diversification, minimum tillage, employment creation, and income generation significantly influenced farmers to cultivate mungbean than any other crop. Problem facing index pointed out high price of seed and fertilizer, lack of good quality seed and fertilizer, inadequate extension service as a production related problem and lack of value added product development and transport facility, low market price of output and lack of storage facilities were identified as a major marketing problem of mungbean cultivation.

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(4): 385-396, December 2021
Determinants of Non-Performing Loans (NPLS) of The Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: An Application of Camel Model
Authors: Islam Mohammad Ebadul , Yasmin Shakila
Published: March 2023

The loan portfolio represents a significant portion of a bank’s total assets. This asset generates interest income, which is a measurement of bank’s financial performance and stability. Non-performing loans (NPLs) are those loans that default on paying interest or principal. Hence, NPL ratio is one of the important indicators of a bank’s performance. In order to ensure good performance, a thorough understanding of NPL ratios and factors that affect NPL are necessary. This research evaluates NPL ratio in the Banking sector of Bangladesh and the relationship among the variables of CAMEL (capital, asset, management, earnings and liquidity) model of performance. Last 24 years (1997-2020) time series data of banking sector have been used in this study. Upon analysis of the time series data VECM model is developed to demonstrate the relationship among the variables. The developed model shows high goodness of fit and reasonable explanatory power. Results of the study will help practitioners and regulators to pin-point policies and operational interventions to manage (reduce) NPL.
Social Science Review, Vol. 38(2), December 2021 Page 71-89
Social Media-Based Party-Building Activities In Bangladesh: An Analysis of the Bangladesh Awami League’s Facebook Page
Authors: Asaduzzaman Md
Published: March 2023

User behaviour of political parties’ social media varies from country to country. Though there is much research on political parties’ social mediabased election campaigns, there is a scarcity of research on how political parties use social media for their party-building activities. Particularly about Bangladeshi political parties, there is no research in this area. The user behaviour and effectiveness of the Bangladesh Awami League’s (AL) Facebook page are explored in this study to realise Bangladesh’s social media-based political communication patterns. Following the mixedmethods approach, it has collected both qualitative and quantitative data. This study has analysed the posts shared on AL’s Facebook page to collect its data. The interview is also taken with five key persons closely related to the AL’s Facebook page. This study has explored that Al does not use its Facebook page in a participatory way. Instead, it uses the platform as a one-way communication channel mainly for disseminating information, advertising this party, mobilising its supporters and confronting its opposition parties and rumours. Though it does not use its Facebook page in a participatory way, AL’s Facebook page is helping this party to do its partybuilding activities easily. Besides, it is also helping to enhance and achieve its other goals. The study fills the existing knowledge gap in this field and helps other political parties understand how a Bangladeshi political party uses social media to substantiate its party-building activities.
Social Science Review, Vol. 38(2), December 2021 Page 197-215
Does the form of the enterprise matter? Preferences of EU and African customers when choosing the company type for a purchase
Authors: Skrbková Denisa
Published: March 2023

Customer loyalty and satisfaction are crucial for the success, prosperity and survival of a business. However, customers' preferences differ according to their attitudes towards products and services, as well as the culture and conditions in which they live, which can influence their preferences when choosing a business. More than 90% of all businesses are small and medium-sized enterprises, and about 50% of private businesses in Europe and 80% in Africa are family businesses. These businesses are considered the engine of economic development and growth and are instrumental in job creation. However, if these businesses were not favoured by their customers, they would have no chance to survive and fight poverty, which is typical of African countries. Our study, therefore, identifies and compares what type of company customers from developing countries (represented by the Mbulu region, Tanzania) prefer and whether their preferences are similar compared to respondents from more developed countries (represented by Liberec, Czech Republic). By testing several hypotheses, a dependency was found between customers' attitudes when choosing a company and their place of origin. African respondents prefer large non-family businesses to small or medium-sized family businesses, while European respondents prefer small or medium-sized family businesses.
Corporate Social Accountability: Lessons from Coca-Cola’s Conflict at Plachimada
Authors: Motwani Ameeta
Published: March 2023

This paper explains the process by which a global corporate giant was made to account for its social responsibility by studying the conflict between Coca-Cola company and the local community in Plachimada (a small village in the south Indian state of Kerala) as a case study. The paper argues that the company suffered a long judicial battle and loss of reputation and finally lost ‘its license to operate’ for not discharging its responsibility to the local community (a major stakeholder). The analysis of the events in this conflict seems to suggest that the combination of new social movements and consumer activism in defence of human rights and environmental protection holds the promise of making the large global corporations more accountable for their social responsibilities. Fuelled by the speed of the internet and the resultant reach of media (including social media), these movements have become more effective and stronger during the last twenty years and the corporates therefore can ignore the responsibilities that society expects them to embrace only at their own peril.
Co-evolution of social networks and infectious diseases
Authors:   , Nunner Hendrik
Published: March 2023

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 until the time of finishing this dissertation in July 2022, the World Health Organization has registered almost 560 Million cases and well over 6 Million deaths from COVID-19. Although a number of effective vaccines have been developed and large-scale vaccination campaigns have been implemented globally, only 58 of 194 WHO member states have met the 70\% vaccine coverage goal. Thus, mathematical models of disease spread remain one of the most important tools to understand the spread of such dynamics and can thus support public health policymaking. Network models of disease spread, the type of model addressed in this dissertation, have the advantage of accounting for social structure. However, they typically neglect the changes in our social relationships, despite the evidence that people avoid public places or infectious others during times of increased risk of infection. This dissertation presents, to our knowledge, the first model for the co-evolution of social networks and infectious diseases considering theory from social sciences, health psychology and epidemiology. The Networking during Infectious Diseases Model (NIDM) describes networking decisions as a trade-off between the benefits, costs, and potential harms of infections that a social relation creates. Agent-based simulations suggest that disease avoidance may reduce infection numbers significantly, depending on risk perceptions and network structure. A large-scale networking experiment, however, suggests that when disease avoidance is prioritized over maintaining social relationships, the cost might be a loss of social cohesion.
Patient Insight and Treatment Expectations in Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Porst Hartmut
Published: March 2023

In the literature, a strong preference towards pharmacological management with oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors has been demonstrated in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) versus other methods. However, following pharmacological management, a large proportion of men with ED discontinue treatment prematurely. Therefore, a better understanding of the expectations from, and demands on modern ED management from both the patients and their partners is needed in order to identify factors that may improve outcomes, patient adherence, and patient satisfaction with therapy. Thus, we will present new findings on patient and partner satisfaction and preferences, and discuss how the current pharmacological armamentarium can answer these needs.