bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms Involved in Gut Microbiota Regulation of Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Li Guangyao , Jin Binghui , Fan Zhe
Published: May 2022

Skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the body and is essential for maintaining quality of life. Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function can lead to a range of adverse consequences. The gut microbiota can interact with skeletal muscle by regulating a variety of processes that affect host physiology, including inflammatory immunity, protein anabolism, energy, lipids, neuromuscular connectivity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and endocrine and insulin resistance. It is proposed that the gut microbiota plays a role in the direction of skeletal muscle mass and work. Even though the notion of the gut microbiota–muscle axis (gut–muscle axis) has been postulated, its causal link is still unknown. The impact of the gut microbiota on skeletal muscle function and quality is described in detail in this review.
IoT-Based Hybrid Ensemble Machine Learning Model for Efficient Diabetes Mellitus Prediction
Authors: Padhy Sasmita , Dash Sachikanta , Routray Sidheswar , Ahmad Sultan , Nazeer Jabeen , Alam Afroj
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, there is a growing need for Internet of Things (IoT)-based mobile healthcare applications that help to predict diseases. In recent years, several people have been diagnosed with diabetes, and according to World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes affects 346 million individuals worldwide. Therefore, we propose a noninvasive self-care system based on the IoT and machine learning (ML) that analyses blood sugar and other key indicators to predict diabetes early. The main purpose of this work is to develop enhanced diabetes management applications which help in patient monitoring and technology-assisted decision-making. The proposed hybrid ensemble ML model predicts diabetes mellitus by combining both bagging and boosting methods. An online IoT-based application and offline questionnaire with 15 questions about health, family history, and lifestyle were used to recruit a total of 10221 people for the study. For both datasets, the experimental findings suggest that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art techniques.
Application of Attapulgite Clay-Based Fe-Zeolite 5A in UV-Assisted Catalytic Ozonation for the Removal of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Ikhlaq Amir , Javaid Rahat , Akram Asia , Qazi Umair Yaqub , Erfan Javeria , Madkour Metwally , Abdelbagi Mohamed Elnaiem M. , Ibn Shamsah Sami M. , Qi Fei
Published: May 2022

For the first time, Fe-zeolite 5A (Fe-Z5A) efficacy in the UV-assisted ozonation process to remove ciprofloxacin (CF) in wastewater is investigated. FTIR, SEM, EDX, BET, and the mass transfer process for point of zero charge are used to characterize the catalyst. Furthermore, the synergic process (UV/O3/Fe-Z5A) is compared with O3, O3/UV, and Fe-Z5A/O3 processes. The influence of catalyst dose, hydroxyl radical scavenger, and off-gas ozone released is discussed. The removal efficiency of CF in wastewater (for the synergic process) is compared with a single ozonation process. The results indicate that the synergic process was more efficient than others, with about 73% CF being removed (in 60 minutes) in the synergic process. The results also show that synergic processes produce less off-gas ozone than other processes, suggesting more ozone consumption in the synergic process, and confirmed by the radical scavenger effect and hydrogen peroxide decomposition studies. The Fe-Z5A was found to operate through a hydroxyl mechanism in which Fe worked as an active site that promotes the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Finally, the synergic process was more efficient than the ozonation process in the wastewater matrix. Hence, Fe-Z5A/O3/UV pathway is highly efficient for the degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater.
Evaluation of the Impact of the Introduction of Overseas High-Level Talents on the Development of Central Cities with Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Huang Yinpin
Published: May 2022

For the central cities, the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure, the continuous deepening of innovation capabilities, and the improvement of sustainable development capabilities, human resources are playing an increasingly important role. In the modern era, assembling an army of highly educated, high-quality, and highly talented personnel has become a practical demand of talent development strategy. In order to respond to national policies, keep up with the trend of the times, and give play to the comparative advantages of talent competition, the primary task of central cities is to do a good job in the introduction of overseas high-level talents. It is necessary for the central cities to establish a mechanism for the introduction of overseas high-level talents with the government as an important task and to formulate targeted talent introduction policies according to the local characteristics of the central cities. It is very important to evaluate the impact of the introduction of overseas high-level talents on the development of central cities so that the central cities can formulate talent introduction strategies according to the actual situation. This work uses an artificial neural network to evaluate the impact of the introduction of overseas high-level talents on the development of central cities. Aiming at the problem that the evaluation accuracy and computing efficiency of the deep learning-based method decrease due to the proliferation of neural network layers, and the improved residual network model is proposed. On the one hand, a multiscale feature fusion block is designed in the first layer of the network model, which can extract the multiscale feature information in the original special. On the other hand, the residual block is optimized and improved by using depthwise separable convolution to remove the computational burden on the network.
Prediction of High-Frequency Economic Data Based on Stochastic Fluctuation Model
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyang , Qi Tianxiang , Kim Dong-Joo
Published: May 2022

In order to improve the effect of economic high-frequency data analysis, this paper combines the stochastic fluctuation model to carry out the forecast analysis of economic high-frequency data. Moreover, this paper uses the spider web model for data processing and makes a preliminary judgment on the extent to which futures/stock prices lead the spot through error correction model, impulse response, and variance decomposition. Furthermore, this paper studies the contribution of futures/stock price changes to the effective price through the common factor model so as to obtain its price discovery efficiency. In addition, this paper judges the efficiency of price discovery by studying the contribution of futures/stock price changes to the effective price. Finally, based on the research idea of futures/stock price discovery efficiency, an intelligent data analysis model is constructed. The experimental study shows that the economic high-frequency data prediction model based on the stochastic fluctuation model proposed in this paper has a good effect on the analysis and prediction of economic high-frequency data.
Cluster Analysis of Daily Cycling Flow Profiles during COVID-19 Lockdown in the UK
Authors: Burke Matthew , Dissanayake Dilum , Bell Margaret
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting government-enforced lockdown affected the travel behavior and lives of people worldwide. In this research, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) is used to quantify the impact on daily flow profiles of cyclists due to the public’s response to different levels of restrictions during a 6-month period of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. An inductive loop network in Tyne and Wear, the UK provided cycle flow data from 25 sites. A paired sample t-test was carried out between the “Pre-COVID-19” baseline year and 2020 to determine how cycling volumes changed at each site. The HCA was then performed on the diurnal hourly flow profiles to observe how they changed within the same time period. Finally, the relationship between diurnal flow profile and volume was assessed. Overall cycling volume in the study area increased by 38% during the lockdown. The highest increases were found at coastal sites, with more modest increases in suburban areas and reduced volumes at city center locations. The HCA of the diurnal flow profiles revealed that locations associated with noncommuting-shaped flows witnessed the largest increases while commuting profiles saw a decrease. As lockdown restrictions eased, flow profiles began to revert back to the prepandemic norm but never fully returned to prepandemic levels. The adoption of working from home postpandemic will change commuting behavior. The conclusions drawn from this study suggest consideration of noncommuting trips should be made when planning the design and location of future cycling schemes, and the HCA of flow profiles can assist in this decision-making process as a method to quantify changes in daily flow profiles of cycling.
Existence of Solutions for Nonlinear Integral Equations in Tempered Sequence Spaces via Generalized Darbo-Type Theorem
Authors: Mohiuddine S. A. , Das Anupam , Alotaibi Abdullah
Published: May 2022

Two concepts—one of Darbo-type theorem and the other of Banach sequence spaces—play a very important and active role in ongoing research on existence problems. We first demonstrate the generalized Darbo-type fixed point theorems involving the concept of continuous functions. Keeping one of these theorems into our account, we study the existence of solutions of system of nonlinear integral equations in the setting of tempered sequence space. Moreover, a very interesting and illustrative example is designed to visualize our findings.
Audio Signal Acquisition and Processing System Based on Model DSP Rapid Design
Authors: Wang Zhe
Published: May 2022

When using DSP technology, technicians can easily and conveniently replace DSP audio processors, make second-party equipment, improve processor performance, reduce application costs, and receive and make music to meet the needs of different signals. Introduces knowledge of speech comprehension, which includes theoretical and cognitive processes, such as pre-speech characterization, final discovery, behavior, structure, and knowledge. By analyzing and comparing various common features, Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient is used to determine the physical features, and the results of traditional algorithms are studied, compared, and evaluated. Research, compare, and evaluate numbers in traditional algorithms. The simulation is based on the algorithms of all the connections used in the system and checks that the algorithm is correct. Design an experimental model, compare the advantages and disadvantages of algorithms and algorithms, consider the process requirements and changes of the whole algorithm, and select the algorithm accordingly algorithm. The experimental results show that the speed recognition of the TW algorithm is not much different from that of the HMM algorithm, and the efficiency of the DTW algorithm in the training models is lower than that of the HMM algorithm. Given the limited resources of the DSP platform in this system, we have chosen the DTW algorithm as the self-reporting system for this system. Finally, the performance of the system is checked and the test results are released. Observations of the experimental instrument showed that the system was effective in being able to recognize small words and discrepancies in speech.
Dynamic Analysis of Deep Integration of Artificial Intelligence Based on High-Performance Computing for Ideological and Political Teaching Evaluation
Authors: Li Ye , Yao Dengfeng
Published: May 2022

At present, the teaching evaluation of courses is more and more important, and teaching evaluation is a main means to measure the quality of teachers’ teaching. Among many course teaching evaluations, ideological and political courses have become the main position for teaching evaluation reform due to their unique strategic position and subject specificity. In the era of rapid development of science and technology, artificial intelligence combined with high-performance computing has made frequent progress in various fields. The trend of development is unstoppable. Therefore, based on the current problems in the evaluation of ideological and political teaching, this paper proposes an artificial intelligence theory based on high-performance computing. This paper will closely integrate it with the evaluation of ideological and political teaching. In the research process of this paper, high-performance computing, artificial intelligence, and ideological and political teaching evaluation are explained in detail. This paper focuses on the introduction of artificial intelligence algorithms for high-performance computing. Finally, this paper proves the feasibility of this method in the evaluation of ideological and political teaching through the actual integration experiment with the evaluation of ideological and political teaching and proposes a series of teaching evaluation methods. Finally, the experiment shows that our new evaluation method can pay attention to 56.7% of students’ comprehensive development and 63.7% of students’ personal quality.
Chromobox Homologue 7 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Both Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Inhibiting ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Huang Jinlong , Zhang Weiqing , Lin Dongliang , Lian Luoyu , Hong Wenshan , Xu Zhendong
Published: May 2022

Chromobox homologue 7 (CBX7) is a member of the polycomb group family that plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular processes in human cancers. This study aims to explore the function and underlying molecular mechanisms of CBX7 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). The expression of CBX7 in LUAD and LUSC tissues was analyzed by UALCAN and GEPIA based on the TCGA database. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Cell migration and invasion were detected by transwell assay. The functions of downregulated genes in LUAD were enriched via GO and KEGG pathway analyses. The mRNA expression of CBX7, ERK1/2, and p38 was determined by qRT-PCR, and the protein levels of CBX7, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p38, and p-p38 were measured by Western blotting. Tumor xenograft model was established to validate the antitumor effect of CBX7. The expression of CBX7 and Ki-67 in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. CBX7 was downregulated in the tissues and cells of both LUAD and LUSC. Low CBX7 expression was associated with a poor overall survival rate in LUAD patients. CBX7 overexpression inhibited the viability, migration, and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of LUAD and LUSC cells. In addition, the downregulated genes in LUAD were enriched in MAPK cascade (GO) and MAPK signaling pathway (KEGG). ERK/MAPK pathway was then determined as a downstream target of CBX7, which was inhibited by CBX7 overexpression in LUAD and LUSC cells. The overexpression of CBX7 inhibited the malignant progression of LUAD and LUSC cells probably via suppressing the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
Analyzing the Construction of University ELT Resource Base Using Cloud Platform
Authors: Zhang Yu
Published: May 2022

The design and application of multimedia and network technology provide opportunities for students and teachers to use the latest technological trends. It effectively promotes the information technology to enter the classroom and integrate it into subject teaching. To improve the teaching quality of higher education and the level of running a school, universities and colleges have started the innovation and strengthening school projects and quality engineering construction. One of these is the construction of excellent resource courses. It uses an information platform to build several high-quality teaching resources and promote the co-construction and sharing of high-quality educational resources. It also promotes education and teaching refinement in universities and colleges. The subjective difficulties encountered by college English teachers in the process of developing and utilizing English curriculum resources are mainly reflected in their lack of professional knowledge and existing resources. The professional knowledge is 45.4%, while the existing resources are only 36.3%. However, every person is confident in their own development consciousness and ability. This paper studies the building of the university ELT resource base based on a cloud platform. The cloud platform has the ability to enrich teaching resources by optimizing the management and evaluation of these resources and provide much broader space and viable options for the learning of students and facilitation of teachers. The suggested platform in this article implements unified data management, security, application, and other management in the “cloud” and helps consumers focus on their core business rather than on management. This concept significantly reduces the amount of money spent on education informatization and alters the way the government invests in education. It will produce more cost-effective and realistic solutions, as well as increase economic benefits.
Clinical Significance of Peripheral Blood Th1 and Th17 Cell Content and Serum IL-35 and IL-17 Expression in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Tan Haitao , Huang Shan , Wang Tingrui
Published: May 2022

Objective. To evaluate the clinical significance of peripheral blood T helper cell 1 (Th1) and T helper cell 17 (Th17) cell content and serum (interleukin) IL-35 and IL-17 expression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods. In this retrospective study, we included and assigned 60 cases of AS patients enrolled in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 to an active group (ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS) ≥2.1, n = 28) and a static group (ASDAS<2.1, n = 32) according to the degree of disease activity. The logistic propensity score matching method was used to include 60 healthy individuals after a physical examination during the same period in the control group. The peripheral blood Th1 and Th17 cell content and the levels of serum IL-35 and IL-17 were determined and analyzed. Results. Statistically significant differences were found in the Th1 cell ratio and Th17 cell ratio between the control group and the other two groups (

P
<
0.05

), and the static group yielded a higher Th1 cell ratio and a lower Th17 cell ratio than the active group (

P
<
0.05

). Statistically significant differences were also observed in the serum IL-35 and IL-17 levels between the control group and the other two groups (

P
<
0.05

), and the static group had a higher IL-35 level and a lower IL-17 level than the active group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The imbalance of Th17/Th1 cell content of AS patients is characterized by high expression of IL-17 and low expression of IL-35. The increased activity of AS was associated with a dominant state of Th17 cells and a significant increase in IL-17 expression, indicating that Treg/Th17 imbalance is closely related to the development of AS, which may provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AS.
[Retracted] Brusatol Inhibits Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer by Targeting and Reversing the RhoA/ROCK1 Pathway
Authors: Lu Rui-jin , Zhao Guo-zhi , Jiang Rong , He Shuang , Xu Hang , He Jia-ming , Sun Yue , Wu Meng-na , Ran Jian-hua , Chen Di-long , Li Jing
Published: May 2022

Brusatol (BRU) is an important compound extracted from Brucea javanica oil, whose pharmacological effects are able to induce a series of biological effects, including inhibition of tumor cell growth, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor. Currently, there are so few studies about the brusatol effects on colorectal cancer that its anticancer mechanism has not been clearly defined. In this study, we made an in‐depth investigation into the brusatol effect towards the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer and the possible mechanism. The inhibitory effect of BRU on the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells was unveiled via CCK‐8 method and colony formation assay, while the inhibitory effect of BRU on migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells was revealed by scratch assay and transwell assay. In addition, Western blot results also revealed that BRU inhibited not only the expressions of RhoA and ROCK1 but also the protein expressions of EMT‐related markers e‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, Vimentin, MMP2, and MMP9 in colon cancer cells. Through the xenotransplantation model, our in vivo experiment further verified the antitumor effect of BRU on colon cancer cells in vitro, and the results were consistent with the protein expression trend. In conclusion, BRU may inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer by influencing EMT through RhoA/ROCK1 pathway.
[Retracted] Hydrogen Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in Differential Diagnosis of Intracranial Tumors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Lin , Chen Guanfeng , Dai Kaifeng
Published: May 2022

Meningioma, glioma, and metastases are the most common intracranial tumors in clinical practice. In order to improve the prognosis of patients, timely diagnosis and early treatment are crucial. Hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) imaging can noninvasively display the biochemical information of tissues in vivo and has been applied to identify and diagnose intracranial tumors. We want to comprehensively evaluate 1H‐MRS identify and diagnose intracranial tumors by meta‐analysis. Some databases such as PubMed and Cochrane Library were used to systematically search articles that were about identifying and diagnosing intracranial tumors with 1H‐MRS. Then, weighted mean difference (WMD) was used as an effect size to conduct meta‐analysis. There are altogether nine articles, including 533 patients. Results of meta‐analysis: The Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA ratios in the LGG group were significantly lower than those in the HGG group (WMD = −0.69, 95% CI (−0.92, −0.45), P < 0.001, WMD = −0.76, 95% CI (−1.03, −0.48), P < 0.001). The Cho/Cr ratio of tumor and peritumor in the HGG group was significantly different from that in the metastasis group (0.68, 95% CI (−1.27, 2.62), P < 0.001, WMD = 0.94, 95% CI (0.41, 1.47), P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the tumor and peritumor NAA/Cr ratio between the HGG group and metastasis group (WMD = −0.64, 95% CI (−1.63, 0.34), P = 0.31, WMD = −0.22, 95% CI (−0.59, 0.15), P = 0.24). 1H‐MRS can provide metabolic information of different intracranial tumors and can effectively diagnose and differentiate glioma and metastasis. 1H‐MRS can also provide a reliable basis for the classification of glioma, and has certain clinical application value.
A Mathematical Model of Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) with an Underlying Condition of Diabetes
Authors: Okyere Samuel , Ackora-Prah Joseph
Published: May 2022

It is well established that people with diabetes are more likely to have serious complications from COVID-19. Nearly 1 in 5 COVID-19 deaths in the African region are linked to diabetes. World Health Organization (WHO) finds that 18.3% of COVID-19 deaths in Africa are among people with diabetes. In this paper, we have formulated and analysed a mathematical comorbidity model of diabetes-COVID-19 of the deterministic type. The basic properties of the model were explored. The basic reproductive number, equilibrium points, and stability of the equilibrium points were examined. Sensitivity analysis of the model was carried on to determine the impact of the model parameters on the basic reproductive number

R

0

of the model. The model had a unique endemic equilibrium point, which was stable for

R

0

>
1

. Time-dependent optimal controls were incorporated into the model with the sole aim of determining the best strategy for curtailing the spread of the disease. COVID-19 cases from March to September 2020 in Ghana were used to validate the model. Results of the numerical simulation suggest a greater number of individuals deceased when the infected individual had an underlying condition of diabetes. More so, the disease is endemic in Ghana with the basic reproduction number found to be

R

0

=
1.4722

. The numerical simulation of the optimal control model reveals the lockdown control minimized the rate of decay of the susceptible individuals whereas the vaccination led to a number of susceptible individuals becoming immune to COVID-19 infections. In all, the two preventive control measures were both effective in curbing the spread of the disease as the number of COVID-19 infections was greatly reduced. We conclude that more attention should be paid to COVID-19 patients with an underlying condition of diabetes as the probability of death in this population was significantly higher.
Construction of Evaluation Index System of Rural Low-Carbon Tourism Development Based on Sustainable Calculation
Authors: Ye Yinning , Li Lei
Published: May 2022

In recent years, as rural tourism has blossomed everywhere in the province, development in some places is difficult and stagnant, and the problems facing sustainable development have gradually emerged. For the sake of solving the problem of sustainable development of rural tourism, it is of great significance to study and construct the evaluation index system of rural low-carbon tourism development with the strength of sustainable calculation. This article aims to study the construction of an evaluation index system for rural low-carbon tourism development with the strength of sustainable calculations. To improve the accuracy and scientificity of the analysis, this article also carries out quantitative analysis while conducting qualitative analysis. Regarding the strength of the quantitative appraisal of the status quo of low-carbon ecological tourism development, the use of qualitative analysis methods to analyze the existing problems pointed out the direction for the development of rural low-carbon ecological tourism. This article constructs the DPSIR model theory; DPSIR is a model that combines the driving force-pressure-state-influence-response (DPSIR) framework, refers to the relevant requirements of existing low-carbon villages and tourist villages, and designs a low-carbon tourism village development evaluation index system. The experimental results of this article show that tourism transportation and tourist hotels should be the main link in the evaluation of the low-carbon development of tourism, and the most important strategic direction for achieving low-carbon development of the tourism industry, because the total carbon footprint of the two accounts for 90% of the total emissions of the entire tourism industry.
Effects of Modified Melatonin Release on Human Colostrum Neutrophils to Induce Death in the MCF-7 Cell Line
Authors: Sousa Waynner O. , Fujimori Mahmi , Morais Tassiane C. , Santos Milena B. , Rodrigues Gabriel F. S. , Silva Katleyn P. G. , Torres André H. F. , Honorio-França Adenilda C. , França Eduardo L.
Published: May 2022

Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate today, with breast cancer being the second most common type among the Brazilian population. Due to its etiological complexity and inefficiency of treatments, studies have focused on new forms of treatment. Among these forms of treatment, hormonal therapy seems to be an excellent auxiliary mechanism in tumoricidal activity, and melatonin has great potential as a modulator of the immune system. Thus, the present study is aimed at evaluating the effect of the hormone melatonin on the coculture of colostrum polymorphonuclear cells and MCF-7 cancer cells and evaluates the effect of this hormone using a modified transport system. A feasibility analysis was performed by fluorescence microscopy at three cell incubation times, 2 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours. The measurement of cytokines in the cell supernatant occurred in 24 hours, and the apoptosis assay was performed in 72 hours using flow cytometry. The results showed higher levels of cell viability in groups treated with melatonin and less viability in groups containing a coculture of polymorphonuclear cells and MCF-7 after 72 hours of incubation. Furthermore, the apoptosis and necrosis rates were higher in coculture polymorphonuclear and MCF-7 cells, especially in groups containing microemulsion as a modified release agent. These data suggest that melatonin, especially if associated with a modified release system, has immunomodulatory effects on human colostrum polymorphonuclear cells. These cells can play a crucial role in the resolution of the tumor through their mediation and inflammatory action.
P2RX7 Enhances Tumor Control by CD8+ T Cells in Adoptive Cell Therapy
Authors: Wanhainen Kelsey M. , Peng Changwei , Zhou Maggie H. , Macedo Bruna de Gois , O'Flanagan Stephen , Yang Tingyuan , Kelekar Ameeta , Burbach Brandon J. , Borges da Silva Henrique , Jameson Stephen C.
Published: May 2022

Expression of the purinergic receptor P2RX7 by CD8+ T cells promotes the generation of memory populations following acute infections. However, data suggest that P2RX7 may limit the efficacy of antitumor responses. Herein, we show that P2RX7 is beneficial for optimal melanoma control in a mouse CD8+ T-cell adoptive transfer model. Tumor-specific P2rx7–/– CD8+ T cells exhibited impaired mitochondrial maintenance and function but did not display signs of overt exhaustion early in the antitumor response. However, as the tumor burden increased, the relative frequency of P2RX7-deficient CD8+ T cells declined within the tumor; this correlated with reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Extending these studies, we found that the transient in vitro stimulation of P2RX7 using the ATP analogue BzATP led to enhanced B16 melanoma control by CD8+ T cells. These findings are in keeping with the concept that extracellular ATP (eATP) sensing by P2RX7 on CD8+ T cells is required for their ability to efficiently eliminate tumors by promoting mitochondrial fitness and underscore the potential for P2RX7 stimulation as a novel therapeutic treatment to enhance tumor immunotherapy.
Defining Longer-Term Outcomes in an Ovine Model of Moderate Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia
Authors: Mike Jana Krystofova , Wu Katherine Y. , White Yasmine , Pathipati Praneeti , Ndjamen Blaise , Hutchings Rachel S. , Losser Courtney , Vento Christian , Arellano Kimberly , Vanhatalo Oona , Ostrin Samuel , Windsor Christine , Ha Janica , Alhassen Ziad , Goudy Brian D. , Vali Payam , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Gobburu Jogarao V.S. , Long-Boyle Janel , Chen Peggy , Wu Yvonne W. , Fineman Jeffrey R. , Ferriero Donna M. , Maltepe Emin
Published: May 2022

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 1 million infants born with HIE each year survive with cerebral palsy and/or serious cognitive disabilities. While infants born with mild and severe HIE frequently result in predictable outcomes, infants born with moderate HIE exhibit variable outcomes that are highly unpredictable. Here, we describe an umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) model of moderate HIE with a 6-day follow-up. Near-term lambs (n = 27) were resuscitated after the induction of 5 min of asystole. Following recovery, lambs were assessed to define neurodevelopmental outcomes. At the end of this period, lambs were euthanized, and brains were harvested for histological analysis. Compared with prior models that typically follow lambs for 3 days, the observation of neurobehavioral outcomes for 6 days enabled identification of animals that recover significant neurological function. Approximately 35% of lambs exhibited severe motor deficits throughout the entirety of the 6-day course and, in the most severely affected lambs, developed spastic diparesis similar to that observed in infants who survive severe neonatal HIE (severe, UCOs). Importantly, and similar to outcomes in human neonates, while initially developing significant acidosis and encephalopathy, the remainder of the lambs in this model recovered normal motor activity and exhibited normal neurodevelopmental outcomes by 6 days of life (improved, UCOi). The UCOs group exhibited gliosis and inflammation in both white and gray matters, oligodendrocyte loss, neuronal loss, and cellular death in the hippocampus and cingulate cortex. While the UCOi group exhibited more cellular death and gliosis in the parasagittal cortex, they demonstrated more preserved white matter markers, along with reduced markers of inflammation and lower cellular death and neuronal loss in Ca3 of the hippocampus compared with UCOs lambs. Our large animal model of moderate HIE with prolonged follow-up will help further define pathophysiologic drivers of brain injury while enabling identification of predictive biomarkers that correlate with disease outcomes and ultimately help support development of therapeutic approaches to this challenging clinical scenario.
A Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde
Authors: Buchalla Cassia Maria
Published: May 2022

A Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) é um novo instrumento da Organização Mundial de Saúde para a mensuração de condições relacionadas à saúde. Aprovada em 2001 é apresentada neste texto que aponta sua estrutura e suas várias utilizações. Constituindo a base para definições, medidas e formulação de políticas para a saúde e para as incapacidades.
Preventing and Managing Falls in Adults With Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Denfeld Quin E. , Turrise Stephanie , MacLaughlin Eric J. , Chang Pei-Shiun , Clair Walter K. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Forman Daniel E. , Goodlin Sarah J. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Cardiovascular Disease in Older Populations Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; and Stroke Council
Published: May 2022

Falls and fear of falling are a major health issue and associated with high injury rates, high medical care costs, and significant negative impact on quality of life. Adults with cardiovascular disease are at high risk of falling. However, the prevalence and specific risks for falls among adults with cardiovascular disease are not well understood, and falls are likely underestimated in clinical practice. Data from surveys of patient-reported and medical record–based analyses identify falls or risks for falling in 40% to 60% of adults with cardiovascular disease. Increased fall risk is associated with medications, structural heart disease, orthostatic hypotension, and arrhythmias, as well as with abnormal gait and balance, physical frailty, sensory impairment, and environmental hazards. These risks are particularly important among the growing population of older adults with cardiovascular disease. All clinicians who care for patients with cardiovascular disease have the opportunity to recognize falls and to mitigate risks for falling. This scientific statement provides consensus on the interdisciplinary evaluation, prevention, and management of falls among adults with cardiac disease and the management of cardiovascular care when patients are at risk of falling. We outline research that is needed to clarify prevalence and factors associated with falls and to identify interventions that will prevent falls among adults with cardiovascular disease.
Ghostbusting Fascism?
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: May 2022

This article seeks to exorcise some of fascism’s more haunting taxonomic horrors by focusing on the multiple ‘phantasmagorical’ aspects of comparative fascist studies which thwart attempts to achieve definitive resolutions of such nebulous and contested issues as its relationship to the radical right. It first considers the lasting traumatic effect on collective memories resulting from the catastrophic scale of inhumanity and casualties generated by the Third Reich and the war needed to destroy it. It argues that the dark psychological shadow cast by World War II, along with Marxist essentialism and the speculative component of all conceptualization, has made mapping the relationship between fascism and the contemporary radical right particularly fraught not just with ideological controversy but even subliminal psychological factors that subvert objectivity. It then suggests how the difficulties such issues pose to modelling the relationship can be overcome by the consistent application of widely agreed ideal types of the key phenomena to establish the intricacies of fascism’s morphological adaptation to postwar realities and its often subtle interactions with new non-fascist forms of right. On this basis a complex but comprehensible and heuristically researchable relationship between fascism and the radical right looms into view which is spectral in a sense that owes more to natural science than the supernatural.
Updated taxonomy of Syntermitinae (Blattodea: Isoptera, Termitidae), with the description of three new genera
Authors: ROCHA MAURICIO M. , CANCELLO ELIANA M.
Published: May 2022

Herein we describe three new genera based on a previous phylogenetic analysis of the termite subfamily Syntermitinae (Termitidae), which indicated that the genera Embiratermes Fontes and Ibitermes Fontes were paraphyletic. In order to resolve this paraphyly, the genus is more narrowly circumscribed, resulting in the following taxonomic changes: Biratermes gen. n., is established to accommodate Embiratermes robustus Constantino, 1992; Vaninitermes gen. n. is described for Armitermes brevinasisus Emerson & Banks, 1957 and E. ignotus Constantino, 1991; and Bandeiratermes gen. n., is proposed to accommodate Armitermes silvestrii Emerson in Snyder, 1949 and Ibitermes tellustris Constantino, 1990. In addition, E. parvirostris Constantino, 1992 is considered a new junior subjective synonym of E. ignotus, and the imago of E. ignotus is described for the first time. Descriptions and illustrations of the workers’ digestive tube are included for all species, along with drawings of the coiling worker gut of E. festivellus (Silvestri, 1901). Photographs are provided for the soldiers of all of the aforementioned species. The new genera are compared with all other genera of Syntermitinae.
Code Critical Airway: A Collaborative Solution to a Catastrophic Problem
Authors: Himmler Amber , Mcdermott Chelsea , Martucci Jordan , Rhoades Emily , Trankiem Christine T. , Johnson Laura S.
Published: May 2022

Background

In 2006, a multi-disciplinary “Code Critical Airway” (CCA) Team was created at our institution. The objective of this study is to examine the demographics and outcomes of the patients for whom a CCA is activated.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of patients for whom a CCA was activated from 2008-2020. Data from 2006-2008 was not available due to timing of the implementation of the hospital’s electronic medical record system. The early period of the experience with CCAs (2008-2014) was compared to the later period (2015-2020) CCA activations.

Results

There were 953 CCA activations. Over time, there was a statistically significantly increase in the number of CCA activations. CCAs occurred in the emergency department in 274 (29.0%), intensive care unit in 255 (27.0%), step-down unit in 60 (6.4%), wards in 294 (31.1%), and elsewhere in 61 (6.5%) cases. CCAs were managed with direct laryngoscopy in 97 patients (10.2%), video laryngoscope in 160 patients (16.8%), fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 179 patients (18.8%), bougie in 7 patient (0.7%), replacement of a prior tracheostomy in 262 patients (27.5%), and creation of a new surgical airway in 95 patients (10.0%). The definitive management of the CCA was not recorded in 76 patients (8.0%). Seven patients required removal of a foreign body (0.7%). There was no intervention in 70 patients (7.3%). There was an increase in successful first attempts at obtaining an airway comparing our experience in the early period (2008-2014) compared to the later period (2015-2020) (P < 0 .001). There was also a decrease in number of CCAs requiring a surgical airway (P = .030).

Conclusion

Inculcation of aggressive early escalation of airway emergencies through implementation of a CCA Team has resulted in significant improvement in first attempt airway stabilization and a decrease in surgical airways.
Psychiatric Disorders and Peer-Victimization in Children and Adolescents With Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: Gizli Çoban Özge , Bedel Aynur , Önder Arif , Sürer Adanır Aslı , Tuhan Hale , Parlak Mesut
Published: May 2022

In this study, we aimed to investigate psychiatric disorders, bullying/victimization, and quality of life in children and adolescents with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Sixty-one children and adolescents who were diagnosed as having idiopathic GHD were evaluated using a semistructured interview by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Some 45.9% of the subjects with GHD were diagnosed with at least 1 psychiatric disorder. The most common psychiatric diagnosis was social anxiety disorder (18.3%). Twenty-eight percent of the subjects reported being bullied by their peers. Victimization rates were less frequent in those treated for more than 1 year. Children aged between 6 and 12 years had poorer quality of life and higher anxiety levels than adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years. Due to the higher rates of existing psychiatric disorders, the clinical management of patients with GHD should be conducted with a multidisciplinary approach, in which pediatric endocrinologists and mental health professionals work in coordination.
Claims to ignorance as a form of participation in transitional justice
Authors: Sokolić Ivor
Published: May 2022

Transitional justice is premised on participation that allows local publics to construct, critique and have some ownership over the process. The current scholarship assumes that individuals openly express their views of the process, or that they remain silent. The scholarship has neglected a third, significant form of participation: active withholding of views by saying ‘I don’t know’. This article examines such claims to ignorance and argues that they can provide insight into participation. While both qualitative and quantitative researchers of transitional justice have observed a pervasive pattern of high ‘don’t know’ responses, such claims to ignorance have not been studied. This article develops a theoretical framework that shows that ‘don’t know’ responses are a valuable source of information and argues that they are often an expression of a lack of willingness to respond, rather than genuine ignorance. Drawing on an original corpus of data collected through inter-ethnic focus groups and surveys conducted in four former Yugoslav countries, the study demonstrates how claims to ignorance are constructed as novel manifestations of resistance, restraint or disentitlement. These point to a rejection of transitional justice, which needs to be addressed if individuals are to feel like legitimate participants in the process.
Family formation trajectories and migration in the United States by the end of the 20th century
Authors: Castro Torres Andrés F
Published: May 2022

Studies often explain differences in family behaviors by migration status by testing four hypotheses: socialization, selection, disruption, and assimilation/ adaptation. These hypotheses were initially formulated as competing explanations, but some scholars have argued that they are complementary. Currently, however, this complementary relationship is not well understood. In this article, I draw on intersectionality theory to challenge this hypothesis-based narrative of the relationship between migration and family formation and dissolution trajectories. I use retrospective information on marriages, union dissolutions, and births of men and women from five waves of the National Survey of Family Growth (1995–2015) to construct a six-category typology of family trajectories. This typology divides men and women into groups with similar family formation and dissolution trajectories. I correlate this typology with information on each respondent’s race/ethnicity, educational attainment, place of birth, and age at migration. The exploratory analysis of these correlations underlines the need for approaches that move beyond testing the above-mentioned hypotheses toward nuanced descriptions of the multiple ways in which family formation and migration paths are intertwined, and how these relationships are influenced by gender and social class inequalities.
Social Disorganization, Community Engagement, and Public High School Performance
Authors: Kanaan David Z.
Published: May 2022

This study examines whether community-level social disorganization and community engagement initiatives are associated with public high school performance. Analyzing data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) School Attendance Boundary Survey (SABS), a latent variable measuring community-level social disorganization is examined within a structural equation model for 302 traditional public high schools in Florida. The study finds a statistically significant and large negative association between community-level social disorganization and a latent variable representing Florida Department of Education performance metrics. Correspondingly, the recognition of receiving the Florida Five Star School award for satisfying recommended community engagement criteria is positively associated with high school performance with social disorganization factors simultaneously considered. This research hopes to further provide an emphasis for recognizing and engaging community within the context of addressing disparities in public education performance.
Efficacy of Peer-Delivered Mathematical Problem-Solving Instruction to Students With Extensive Support Needs
Authors: Ley Davis Luann , Spooner Fred , Saunders Alicia
Published: May 2022

Mathematical problem solving has been identified as one foundational area of mathematics for all students but is an area of weakness for students with disabilities. This investigation sought to determine the effects of peer-delivered schema-based instruction on the mathematical problem solving of the change problem type with four middle school students with extensive support needs using a single-case multiple-probe-across-participants design. We also wanted to determine if same-age peer tutors who received behavior skills training could deliver the academic instruction with fidelity. Students and peer tutors were representative of diverse backgrounds. Results showed a functional relation between peer-delivered modified schema-based instruction and students’ acquisition and maintenance of mathematical word problem–solving skills, and strong effect sizes were found. Peer tutors were able to provide instruction with high levels of fidelity across the study. Social validity data showed that all participants benefited from the peer-delivered instruction.