bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of foodborne pathogens using near infrared (NIR) laser scatter imaging system with multivariate calibration
Authors: Pan Wenxiu , Zhao Jiewen , Chen Quansheng
Published: April 2015

An optical sensor system, namely NIR laser scatter imaging system, was developed for rapid and noninvasive classification of foodborne pathogens. This developed system was used for images acquisition. The current study is focused on exploring the potential of this system combined with multivariate calibrations in classifying three categories of popular bacteria. Initially, normalization and Zernike moments extraction were performed and the resultant translation, scale and rotation invariances were applied as the characteristic variables for subsequent discriminant analysis. Both linear (LDA, KNN and PLSDA) and nonlinear (BPANN, SVM and OSELM) pattern recognition methods were employed comparatively for modeling and optimized by cross validation. Experimental results showed that the performances of nonlinear tools were superior to those of linear tools, especially for OSELM model with 95% discrimination rate in the prediction set. The overall results showed that it is extremely feasible for rapid and noninvasive classifying foodborne pathogens using this developed system combined with appropriate multivariate calibration.
Complete rat spinal cord transection as a faithful model of spinal cord injury for translational cell transplantation
Authors: Lukovic Dunja , Moreno-Manzano Victoria , Lopez-Mocholi Eric , Rodriguez-Jiménez Francisco Javier , Jendelova Pavla , Sykova Eva , Oria Marc , Stojkovic Miodrag , Erceg Slaven
Published: April 2015

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in neural loss and consequently motor and sensory impairment below the injury. There are currently no effective therapies for the treatment of traumatic SCI in humans. Various animal models have been developed to mimic human SCI. Widely used animal models of SCI are complete or partial transection or experimental contusion and compression, with both bearing controversy as to which one more appropriately reproduces the human SCI functional consequences. Here we present in details the widely used procedure of complete spinal cord transection as a faithful animal model to investigate neural and functional repair of the damaged tissue by exogenous human transplanted cells. This injury model offers the advantage of complete damage to a spinal cord at a defined place and time, is relatively simple to standardize and is highly reproducible.
Exposure Medium: Key in Identifying Free Ag+ as the Exclusive Species of Silver Nanoparticles with Acute Toxicity to Daphnia magna
Authors: Shen Mo-Hai , Zhou Xiao-Xia , Yang Xiao-Ya , Chao Jing-Bo , Liu Rui , Liu Jing-Fu
Published: April 2015

It is still not very clear what roles the various Ag species play in the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In this study, we found that traditional exposure media result in uncontrollable but consistent physicochemical transformation of AgNPs, causing artifacts in determination of median lethal concentration (LC50) and hindering the identification of Ag species responsible for the acute toxicity of AgNPs to Daphnia magna. This obstacle was overcome by using 8 h exposure in 0.1 mmol L−1 NaNO3 medium, in which we measured the 8-h LC50 of seven AgNPs with different sizes and coatings and determined the concentrations of various Ag species. The LC50 as free Ag+ of the seven AgNPs (0.37–0.44 μg L−1) agreed very well with that of AgNO3 (0.40 μg L−1) and showed the lowest value compared to that as total Ag, total Ag+ and dissolved Ag, demonstrating free Ag+ is exclusively responsible for the acute toxicity of AgNPs to D. magna, while other Ag species in AgNPs have no contribution to the acute toxicity. Our results demonstrated the great importance of developing appropriate exposure media for evaluating risk of nanomaterials.
Electrodeposition of germanium at elevated temperatures and pressures from ionic liquids
Authors: Wu Minxian , Vanhoutte Gijs , Brooks Neil R. , Binnemans Koen , Fransaer Jan
Published: April 2015

Electrodeposition of germanium with high deposition rate up to 6 μm h−1 can be obtained from ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide at 180 °C in a pressure cell.
Active pneumatic control of centrifugal microfluidic flows for lab-on-a-chip applications
Authors: Clime Liviu , Brassard Daniel , Geissler Matthias , Veres Teodor
Published: April 2015

Active pneumatic pumping of liquids on lab-on-a-chip platforms by combining centrifugal fields and electromechanically controlled external pressure.
Synthesis, DNA interaction and anticancer activity of 2-anthryl substituted benzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Sontakke Vyankat A. , Kate Anup N. , Ghosh Sougata , More Piyush , Gonnade Rajesh , Kumbhar Navanath M. , Kumbhar Anupa A. , Chopade Balu A. , Shinde Vaishali S.
Published: April 2015

2-Anthryl substituted benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and anticancer activity, cellular uptake, DNA interaction and molecular docking studies have been accomplished.
Pressure-dependent optical behaviors of colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets
Authors: Zhou Bo , Xiao Guanjun , Yang Xinyi , Li Quanjun , Wang Kai , Wang Yingnan
Published: April 2015

The optical properties of CdSe NPLs exhibit remarkable differences compared with those of CdSe NCs of other shapes under high pressure.
Optimisation of the process variables in production of activated carbon by microwave heating
Authors: Kundu Anirban , Gupta Bhaskar Sen , Hashim M. A. , Sahu J. N. , Mujawar Mubarak , Redzwan Ghufran
Published: April 2015

Optimization of process variables in activated carbon preparation by microwave heating for reduction of energy use aiding sustainable development.
Molecular self-assemblies might discriminate the diffusion of chiral molecules
Authors: Galstian Tigran , Allahverdyan Karen
Published: April 2015

Chiral diffusion discrimination is demonstrated thanks to the elasticity of the host medium representing a biological tissue model.
Sensitive magnetic solid-phase microextraction based on oxide multi-walled carbon-nanotubes for the determination of methylamphetamine and ketamine in human urine and blood
Authors: Zhang Suling , Cui Yanhua , Sun Jiancong , Xi Yongqing , Zhang Chunxiao , Tang Junhong
Published: April 2015

A solid-phase microextraction (MSPE) procedure, combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was developed for the quantification of two illegal basic drugs in biological samples.
Target–aptamer binding triggered quadratic recycling amplification for highly specific and ultrasensitive detection of antibiotics at the attomole level
Authors: Wang Hongzhi , Wang Yu , Liu Su , Yu Jinghua , Xu Wei , Guo Yuna , Huang Jiadong
Published: April 2015

A novel electrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of antibiotics by combining polymerase-assisted target recycling amplification with strand displacement amplification with the help of polymerase and nicking endonuclease has been reported.
Tunnel-structured Na0.54Mn0.50Ti0.51O2and Na0.54Mn0.50Ti0.51O2/C nanorods as advanced cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Jiang Xiaolei , Liu Shuo , Xu Huayun , Chen Liang , Yang Jian , Qian Yitai
Published: April 2015

Tunnel-structured Na0.54Mn0.50Ti0.51O2nanorods have been synthesized by a facile molten salt method.
Total synthesis of (−)-exiguolide via an organosilane-based strategy
Authors: Li Hongze , Xie Hengmu , Zhang Zhigao , Xu Yongjin , Lu Ji , Gao Lu , Song Zhenlei
Published: April 2015

An organosilane-based strategy has been used to accomplish the total synthesis of (–)-exiguolide. The key steps involve: (1) geminal bis(silyl) Prins cyclization to construct the A ring; (2) silicon-protected RCM reaction to construct the macrocycle; and (3) Hiyama–Denmark cross-coupling to install the side chain.
Plasmon-free SERS self-monitoring of catalysis reaction on Au nanoclusters/TiO2 photonic microarray
Authors: Qi Dianyu , Yan Xuefeng , Wang Lingzhi , Zhang Jinlong
Published: April 2015

Advantages of plasmon-free SERS monitoring.
The first case of actinide triple helices: pH-dependent structural evolution and kinetically-controlled transformation of two supramolecular conformational isomers
Authors: An Shu-wen , Mei Lei , Wang Cong-zhi , Xia Chuan-qin , Chai Zhi-fang , Shi Wei-qun
Published: April 2015

A kinetically-controlled transformation occurs between two supramolecular isomers of the first actinide triple helices based on conformational changes of phenanthroline coordinated to the asymmetric uranyl equatorial plane.
Alternative mechanisms for O2release and O–O bond formation in the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II
Authors: Li Xichen , Siegbahn Per E. M.
Published: April 2015

A new transition state for O2release has been found. An alternative, nearly competitive, mechanism for O–O bond formation is described, which is very similar to the one previously suggested.
Structural phase transformation and microwave dielectric studies of SmNb1−x(Si1/2Mo1/2)xO4 compounds with fergusonite structure
Authors: Ramarao S. D. , Murthy V. R. K.
Published: April 2015

Temperature variation powder XRD measurements reveal that SmNbO4 undergoes a phase transition around 800 °C. SmNbO4 possesses a monoclinic fergusonite structure at ambient temperature and a tetragonal scheelite structure above the transition temperature. We report the stabilization of this high temperature phase at room temperature.
Theoretical gas to liquid shift of 15N isotropic nuclear magnetic shielding in nitromethane using ab initio molecular dynamics and GIAO/GIPAW calculations
Authors: Gerber Iann C. , Jolibois Franck
Published: April 2015

Ab initio molecular dynamic simulations are combined with NMR calculation in order to compute the gas to liquid shift of 15N magnetic shielding in nitromethane.
Controllable optical transitions of amorphous Mg and Mg–Ni films via electrochemical methods
Authors: Qiu Jiameng , Wu Feilong , Jin Xin , Gu Xinyuan , Cai Wenbin , Sun Dalin , Fang Fang
Published: April 2015

The optical properties of amorphous Mg–Ni films are readily manipulated, which greatly expands the application field of Mg-based films.
Observations of probe dependence of the solvation dynamics in ionic liquids
Authors: Zhang Xin-Xing , Breffke Jens , Ernsting Nikolaus P. , Maroncelli Mark
Published: April 2015

Solvation and rotational dynamics of 4-aminophthalimide (4AP) in four ionic liquids (ILs) are measured using a combination of fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy and time-correlated single photon counting.
The chlorinating behaviour of WCl6 towards α-aminoacids
Authors: Bortoluzzi Marco , Marchetti Fabio , Murrali Maria Grazia , Pampaloni Guido , Zacchini Stefano
Published: April 2015

WCl6 behaves as a selective chlorinating agent towards the carboxylic function of primary and secondary α-aminoacids. The initial formation of α-ammonium acylchloride salts may be followed by HCl elimination and, in the case of l-proline derived species, a clean cyclization reaction.
Structural and electrochemical analysis of a novel co-electrodeposited Mn2O3–Au nanocomposite thin film
Authors: Jana S. K. , Saha B. , Satpati B. , Banerjee S.
Published: April 2015

In this work we report the fabrication of both pristine Mn2O3 and Mn2O3–Au composite thin films on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate by a one-step novel co-electrodeposition technique.
Probabilistic modelling of engineered nanomaterial emissions to the environment: a spatio-temporal approach
Authors: Sun Tian Yin , Conroy Gulliver , Donner Erica , Hungerbühler Konrad , Lombi Enzo , Nowack Bernd
Published: April 2015

For the environmental risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) knowledge about environmental concentrations is crucial.
Multi-cellular 3D human primary liver cell culture elevates metabolic activity under fluidic flow
Authors: Esch Mandy B. , Prot Jean-Matthieu , Wang Ying I. , Miller Paula , Llamas-Vidales Jose Ricardo , Naughton Brian A. , Applegate Dawn R. , Shuler Michael L.
Published: April 2015

We have developed a low-cost liver cell culture device that creates fluidic flow over a 3D primary liver cell culture that consists of multiple liver cell types, including hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells (fibroblasts, stellate cells, and Kupffer cells).
A rapid and simple pipeline for synthesis of mRNA–ribosome–VHH complexes used in single-domain antibody ribosome display
Authors: Bencurova Elena , Pulzova Lucia , Flachbartova Zuzana , Bhide Mangesh
Published: April 2015

A simple and rapid technique for construction of single domain antibody (VHH) library for ribosome display is described in this study.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of aminoglycoside-conjugated silica nanoparticles against clinical and resistant bacteria
Authors: Agnihotri Shrish , Pathak Rajiv , Jha Diksha , Roy Indrajit , Gautam Hemant K. , Sharma Ashwani K. , Kumar Pradeep
Published: April 2015

Synthesized aminoglycoside-conjugated silica nanoparticles exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activity against clinical and resistant bacteria with minimal cytotoxicity.
Nano-scale displacement sensing based on van der Waals interactions
Authors: Hu Lin , Zhao Jin , Yang Jinlong
Published: April 2015

We propose that a nano-scale displacement sensor with high resolution in weak-force systems can be realized based on vertically stacked two-dimensional (2D) atomic corrugated layer materials bound through van der Waals (vdW) interactions.
Investigation of the binding modes between AIE-active molecules and dsDNA by single molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Ying , Ma Ke , Hu Ting , Jiang Bo , Xu Bin , Tian Wenjing , Sun Jing Zhi , Zhang Wenke
Published: April 2015

The binding modes between double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and typical AIE (aggregation-induced emission)-active molecules were investigated using AFM-based single molecule force spectroscopy.
Synthesis of naked amino-pyrroloindoline via direct aminocyclization of tryptamine
Authors: Shen Zhigao , Xia Zilei , Zhao Huijun , Hu Jiadong , Wan Xiaolong , Lai Yisheng , Zhu Chen , Xie Weiqing
Published: April 2015

Direct access to unprotected amino-pyrroloindolineviaaminocyclization of tryptamine and tryptophan catalyzed by Rh2(esp)2has been described usingO-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydroxylamine (DPH) as the nitrogen source.
Supercharged ceria quantum dots with exceptionally high oxygen buffer action
Authors: Renuka N. K. , Harsha N. , Divya T.
Published: April 2015

Supercharged ceria nanoparticles with excellent oxygen storage capacity.
Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes via chemical vapour deposition: a comprehensive review
Authors: Ahmad Pervaiz , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Khan Ziaul Raza , Amin Yusoff Mohd
Published: April 2015

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have been synthesized by various methods over the last two decades.
Solvothermal synthesis of graphene/BiOCl0.75Br0.25 microspheres with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Liu Yang , Yuan Xingzhong , Wang Hou , Chen Xiaohong , Gu Shansi , Jiang Qian , Wu Zhibin , Jiang Longbo , Zeng Guangming
Published: April 2015

Three-dimensional BiOCl0.75Br0.25/graphene (BG) microspheres have been synthesized via a facile solvothermal route.
Octreotide acetate-templated self-assembly Pt nanoparticles and their anti-tumor efficacy
Authors: Xue Weili , Zhao Xiaoning , Gao Dawei , Gao Faming , Wang Zi , Liu Yanping , Zhang Xuwu , Luo Liyao , Liu Zhiwei
Published: April 2015

Chain-like platinum nanoparticles, prepared using octreotide acetate as a biotemplate, have a good anti-tumor efficacy in tumor-bearing mice.
Efficient and tunable multi-color and white light Ln-MOFs with high luminescence quantum yields
Authors: Zou Shuzhi , Li Qipeng , Du Shaowu
Published: April 2015

Multi-color luminescent Ln-MOFs were synthesized and a white light-emission with a quantum yield up to 32% was achieved.
Rapid microwave-assisted green production of a crystalline polyimide for enhanced visible-light-induced photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Lin Li , Ye Ping , Cao Chang , Jin Qi , Xu Geng-Sheng , Shen Yu-Hua , Yuan Yu-Peng
Published: April 2015

A polyimide was fabricated in minutes by a microwave-assisted heating process. The resultant polyimide possesses high crystalline quality and shows enhanced photocatalytic H2 generation.
Role of crystallinity of non-fullerene acceptors in bulk heterojunctions
Authors: Sherman Jes B. , Purushothaman Balaji , Parkin Sean R. , Kim Chunki , Collins Sam , Anthony John , Nguyen Thuc-Quyen , Chabinyc Michael L.
Published: April 2015

The role of crystallinity of pentancene-based acceptors in BHJ solar cells is elucidated. The sandwich herringbone packing motif leads to higher performance than cofacial packing.
Fabrication of core–multishell MWCNT/Fe3O4/PANI/Au hybrid nanotubes with high-performance electromagnetic absorption
Authors: Liu Chenyu , Xu Yongjun , Wu Lina , Jiang Zhaohua , Shen Baozhong , Wang Zhijiang
Published: April 2015

MWCNT/Fe3O4/PANI/Au hybrids achieve high-performance electromagnetic absorption as gold induces more EM waves to be transmitted into the hybrids, thus generating significant interfacial polarization.
Thermally-enhanced minority carrier collection in hematite during photoelectrochemical water and sulfite oxidation
Authors: Ye Xiaofei , Yang Jing , Boloor Madhur , Melosh Nicholas A. , Chueh William C.
Published: April 2015

The enhancement of minority carrier mobility in hematite at elevated temperatures contributes to a substantial increase in photocurrent under illumination for oxygen evolution and sulfite oxidation reactions.
Pickering high internal phase emulsion-based hydroxyapatite–poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocomposite scaffolds
Authors: Hu Yang , Gao Huichang , Du Zhengshan , Liu Yixiao , Yang Yu , Wang Chaoyang
Published: April 2015

Hydroxyapatite–polycaprolactone nanocomposite scaffolds were facilely fabricated by solvent evaporation based on water-in-dichloromethane Pickering high internal phase emulsions.
Axial chiral aggregation-induced emission luminogens with aggregation-annihilated circular dichroism effect
Authors: Zhang Haoke , Li Hongkun , Wang Jia , Sun Jingzhi , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2015

Axial chiral luminogens with aggregation-induced emission and aggregation-annihilated circular dichroism are designed and synthesized by covalently attaching the AIE-active tetraphenylethene to the axial chiral binaphthol moieties.
Do poly(epsilon-caprolactone) lipid-core nanocapsules induce oxidative or inflammatory damage after in vivo subchronic treatment?
Authors: Bulcão Rachel P. , Bubols Guilherme B. , Nascimento Sabrina N. , Gauer Bruna , Sauer Elisa , Baierle Marília , Charão Mariele F. , Moro Angela , Brucker Natália , Bruinsmann Franciele A. , Schnorr Carlos , Moreira José C. F. , Pohlmann Adriana R. , Guterres Sílvia S. , Garcia Solange C.
Published: April 2015

Among the toxicity mechanisms linked to nanoparticles (NPs), oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are, in general, presumed to mediate their toxicological responses.
Collaboration in This Environment of Mobile Technology and Change: One Clinician's Perspective
Authors: Leighton Jennifer A.
Published: April 2015

The proliferation of mobile technology (commercially available systems, such as the iPads, iPad Minis, Androids, and Windows tablets) has decreased barriers and put communication systems into the hands of many of our persons who use augmentative and alternative communication (PWUAAC). Because there are so many benefits with the advent of mobile technology, so too are there challenges that can come up as a result of this technology (McNaughton & Light, 2013). Moreover, the speed of innovation and the commercial availability of these devices can put teachers, therapists, and families at odds. In the past, devices were harder to obtain, but we had a strong process and assessment protocol to support device acquisition and implementation (Gosnell, Costello, & Shane, 2011). A key component of our role in this new and changing environment is to restructure the discussion and process in order to recapture the type of teamwork and collaboration we previously experienced. This article will discuss issues, strategic ideas, as well as success stories from one clinician's perspective, related to AAC implementation utilizing mobile technology, across home, school, and community settings.
Reading, Writing and AAC: Mobile Technology Strategies for Literacy and Language Development
Authors: Davis Kerry , Sweeney Sean
Published: April 2015

Mobile technology (e.g., tablets, smartphones) continues to take public school and overall therapeutic environments by storm. The merging of mobile technology and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) can be a relatively low-cost solution for individuals with communication impairments. Still, practitioners need to be equipped to make informed decisions about when, how, and why specific mobile technologies and related applications might support a child's language, literacy, and academic skills, possibly in conjunction with AAC. Language and literacy development are a critical aspect of a speech-language pathologist's scope of practice (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2007). Therefore, when considering mobile technologies for learning, the practitioner needs to consider the interplay between reading, writing, and communication. For children with complex communication profiles, speech-language pathologists can use mobile technologies as a powerful means to foster communication, language, and literacy skills.
“We Bought an iPad”: Considering Family Priorities, Needs, and Preferences as an AAC Support Provider
Authors: Caron Jessica Gosnell
Published: April 2015

A growing number of families are adopting and embracing the use of iPads and other mobile technologies as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. Merely having access to this technology does not guarantee its success, as supports for customization and learning are almost always needed. Team members need to work effectively with families to maximize outcomes. Consideration of individual and family priorities, preferences, and needs will play a critical role in ensuring positive AAC experiences and successful outcomes. This article describes key strategies for supporting and collaborating with families and illustrates these approaches with case examples.
Hybrid flow betweenness approach for identification of vulnerable line in power system
Authors: Bai Hao , Miao Shihong
Published: April 2015

Most previous research on the identification of vulnerable line in power systems based on topology betweenness or electrical betweenness suppose that power flow is transferred only along the shortest path. In this study, the hybrid flow betweenness (HFB) is defined by considering the actual path of power flow. The betweenness covers the direction of power flow and the maximum transmission capacity of line with a more comprehensible physical background. Electrical coupling degree between the lines and outage transfer distribution factor is also considered in this model to quantify physical network connection and fault effect between lines. The tenacity and directed global efficiency are introduced to measure the effects on network structure and power transfer caused by fault of vulnerable line. The simulation results of the IEEE‐57 bus system and the China southern power grid show that the lines with higher HFB play important role in network structure and power transfer of power grid. The chain attack on these lines would make serious damage on system. The results prove that the model proposed in this study can fully embody the physical characteristics of the power grid, efficiently and accurately identify the critical line of power grid.
Optimising a vehicle's approach towards an adaptively controlled intersection
Authors: van Katwijk Ronald T. , Gabriel Sabine
Published: April 2015

Traffic emissions at controlled intersections can be reduced when the possibilities of infrastructure‐to‐vehicle communication are put to good use. In this study the authors present two applications: one infrastructure‐based and one vehicle‐based that in concert are able to significantly reduce the overall emissions at a controlled intersection. The infrastructure‐based application employs a model‐predictive control approach, an advanced form of traffic‐adaptive control. The vehicle‐based application uses information gained from the infrastructure‐based application (i.e. the estimated time that the vehicle approaching the intersection will be allowed to enter the intersection and cross the stop line) to improve a vehicle's approach towards an intersection. Both applications have the same aim: to avoid unnecessary accelerations, decelerations and delay. For both peak and off‐peak hours, the results show that the application of a model‐predictive controller as opposed to the more traditional traffic‐actuated controller is beneficial both in terms of travel time reduction (∼15.5% in both cases) and carbon‐di‐oxide (CO2) reduction (2.9 and 9.3%, respectively). Together with an approach advice the amount of CO2 emitted in both cases can be further reduced with an additional 7%, assuming a 100% equipment ratio.
Evolving winter road maintenance ecosystems in Finland and Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Pilli‐Sihvola Eetu , Aapaoja Aki , Leviäkangas Pekka , Kinnunen Tuomo , Hautala Raine , Takahashi Naoto
Published: April 2015

Business ecosystems aim to develop the capabilities of its participants through collaboration supporting new offerings, better fulfil customer requirements and eventually create new innovations. Acting in an ecosystem provides synergistic benefits to actors by increasing the total value of the output – the actors can achieve more than they would have achieved working independently. The main objective of both studied winter maintenance ecosystems, Finnish and Japanese, is to enhance safety and ensure good road conditions. These ecosystems are compared to analyse and discuss the potential ways to develop current value networks. As roads and streets are publicly owned in most cases and mobility services regarded as a public good, the role of the public sector mostly dictates the topology and ecosystem actors. In Finland, the role of the road authorities is reduced because of the restructuring of the public sector, whereas in Japan it has so far remained stronger although road authorities have enhanced cooperation with local residents. For authorities in both countries, the prevailing lack of resources for maintenance operations is a strong motivating factor for finding new, more efficient procurement and operating models. Understanding the roles of all actors involved in the winter maintenance ecosystem is essential in this search for efficiency.
Small planar monopole ultra‐wideband antenna with reduced ground plane effect
Authors: Ellis Mubarak Sani , Zhao Zhiqin , Wu Jiangniu , Nie Zaiping , Liu Qing Huo
Published: April 2015

A printed monopole ultra‐wideband antenna with reduced ground plane effect is presented. The ground plane dependence of the antenna is reduced by cutting a slot in the radiator, and then introducing a strip in the slot, to reduce the current distribution on the ground plane at a desired frequency. At this frequency, the impedance performance of the antenna is mainly affected by the monopole radiator, thus reducing the effect of the ground plane on the antenna. Measurement results confirm that this approach works well and also show good far‐field properties of the antenna. The antenna is printed on a small FR4 substrate with an area of 25 mm2; it achieves an impedance bandwidth of 3.6 to over 11 GHz, and broadband ground plane effect suppression around the design frequency of 5 GHz.
Resonance antennas based on substrate integrated waveguide
Authors: Majedi Mohammad Saeed , Attari Amir Reza
Published: April 2015

Two types of antennas based on the open‐ended substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator are presented and investigated in this study. To understand the operation mechanism of these antennas, the open‐ended SIW resonator is analysed by two different approaches. The waveguides theory is used in the first approach and the transmission line‐based metamaterials theory is used in the second approach. Using the above‐mentioned resonator and with regard to its analysed characteristics, two antennas are designed, simulated and fabricated. Both of them operate at the TM110 mode of the resonator. The measured operating frequency, bandwidth and peak gain of the first antenna are 8.46 GHz, 2.7% and 7.3 dBi, respectively. The second antenna which is the compact version of the first one has nearly the same operating frequency with smaller size. Its measured operating frequency, bandwidth and peak gain are 8.38 GHz, 5.9% and 4.8 dBi, respectively. The proposed antennas have advantages of low cross‐polarisation radiation, low profile, compact size, easy fabrication and easy integration with other circuits.
Long‐time coherent integration detection of weak manoeuvring target via integration algorithm, improved axis rotation discrete chirp‐Fourier transform
Authors: Rao Xuan , Tao Haihong , Xie Jian , Su Jia , Li Weiping
Published: April 2015

Range/Doppler migrations, which result from the integration time increasing and the target's manoeuvring motion, will affect the coherent integration performance severely. To deal with range/Doppler migration, a novel coherent integration algorithm, improved axis rotation discrete chirp‐Fourier transform (IAR‐DCFT), is proposed. IAR‐DCFT could eliminate range migration via improved axis rotation transform, and realise the compensation of Doppler migration and coherent integration via discrete chirp‐Fourier transform. IAR‐DCFT may be regarded as tri‐dimensional motion parameter filter banks, which is analogous to moving target detection that can be treated as Doppler filter banks, and estimate a target's velocity, acceleration and jerk simultaneously. Then the derivations of maximum‐likelihood estimator and likelihood ratio test detector show that IAR‐DCFT is the optimal estimator and a detector. The performance of the optimal estimator is verified by comparing with Cramer‐Rao lower bound. Subsequently, the detailed performance analyses of IAR‐DCFT are provided, including coherent integration gain, coherent integration time, multi‐target detection and computational complexity. Furthermore, the authors introduce the generalisation of IAR‐DCFT, that is, multi‐range‐cell associated IAR‐DCFT (MR‐IAR‐DCFT), which can be applied to detect a target with high‐manoeuvring motion or used in a longer time integration case. Finally, some numerical experiments are given to verify the performance of IAR‐DCFT and MR‐IAR‐DCFT.
Exact Periodic Wave Solution of Extended (2+1)-Dimensional Shallow
Water Wave Equation with Generalized
D
-operators*
Authors: Dong Huan-He , Zhang Yan-Feng
Published: April 2015

With the aid of binary Bell polynomial and a general Riemann theta function, we
introduce how to obtain the exact periodic wave solutions by applying the
generalized Dp̄-operators in term of the Hirota direct method
when the appropriate value of p̄ is determined. Furthermore, the
resulting approach is applied to solve the extended (2+1)-dimensional
Shallow Water Wave equation, and the periodic wave solution is obtained and
reduced to soliton solution via asymptotic analysis.
Analytical Study on Propagation Dynamics of Optical Beam in Parity-Time Symmetric Optical Couplers*
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Zhu Bo , Zhang Li-Juan
Published: April 2015

We present exact analytical solutions to parity-time (PT) symmetric optical system describing light transport in PT-symmetric optical couplers. We show that light intensity oscillates periodically between two waveguides for unbroken PT-symmetric phase, whereas light always leaves the system from the waveguide experiencing gain when light is initially input at either waveguide experiencing gain or waveguide experiencing loss for broken PT-symmetric phase. These analytical results agree with the recent experimental observation reported by Rüter et al. [Nat. Phys. 6 (2010) 192]. Besides, we present a scheme for manipulating PT symmetry by applying a periodic modulation. Our results provide an efficient way to control light propagation in periodically modulated PT-symmetric system by tuning the modulation amplitude and frequency.
Bosonized Supersymmetric Sawada–Kotera Equations: Symmetries and Exact Solutions*
Authors: Liu Ping , Zeng Bao-Qing , Liu Li-Ming
Published: April 2015

The Bosonized Supersymmetric Sawada–Kotera (BSSK) system is constructed by applying bosonization method to a Supersymmetric Sawada–Kotera system in this paper. The symmetries on the BSSK equations are researched and the calculation shows that the BSSK equations are invariant under the scaling transformations, the space-time translations and Galilean boosts. The one-parameter invariant subgroups and the corresponding invariant solutions are researched for the BSSK equations. Four types of reduction equations and similarity solutions are proposed. Period Cnoidal wave solutions, dark solitary wave solutions and bright solitary wave solutions of the BSSK equations are demonstrated and some evolution curves of the exact solutions are figured out.
The Saturation of Several Universal Inequalities in Information-Processing*
Authors: Zhang Lin , Wu Jun-De , Fei Shao-Ming
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we characterize the saturation of four universal inequalities in quantum information theory, including a variant version of strong subadditivity inequality for von Neumann entropy, the coherent information inequality, the Holevo quantity, and average entropy inequalities. These results shed new light on quantum information inequalities.
Analytic Expression of Geometric Discord in Arbitrary Mixture of any Two Bi-qubit Product Pure States*
Authors: Xie Chuan-Mei , Liu Yi-Min , Xing Hang , Zhang Zhan-Jun
Published: April 2015

Quantum correlations in a family of states comprising any mixture of a pair of arbitrary bi-qubit product pure states are studied by employing geometric discord [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 190502] as the quantifier. First, the inherent symmetry in the family of states about local unitary transformations is revealed. Then, the analytic expression of geometric discords in the states is worked out. Some concrete discussions and analyses on the captured geometric discords are made so that their distinct features are exposed. It is found that, the more averagely the two bi-qubit product states are mixed, the bigger geometric discord the mixed state owns. Moreover, the monotonic relationships of geometric discord with different parameters are revealed.
Modified Holographic Ricci Dark Energy in Chameleon Brans–Dicke Cosmology and Its Thermodynamic Consequence*
Authors: Jawad A. , Chattopadhyay S. , Bhattacharya S. , Pasqua A.
Published: April 2015

The objective of this paper is to discuss the Chameleon Brans–Dicke gravity with non-minimally matter coupling of scalar field. We take modified Holographic Ricci dark energy model in this gravity with its energy density in interaction with energy density of cold dark matter. We assume power-law ansatz for scale factor and scalar field to discuss potential as well as coupling functions in the evolving universe. These reconstructed functions are plotted versus scalar field and time for different values of power component of scale factor n. We observe that potential and coupling functions represent increasing behavior, in particular, consistent results for a specific value of n. Finally, we have examined validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics and we have observed its validity for all values of n.
Reanalysis of the Z

c
(4020), Z

c
(4025), Z(4050) and Z(4250) as Tetraquark States with QCD Sum Rules*
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang
Published: April 2015

In this article, we calculate the contributions of the vacuum condensates up to dimension-10 in the operator product expansion, and study the Cγμ — Cγν type scalar, axial-vector and tensor tetraquark states in details with the QCD sum rules. In calculations, we use the formula

to determine the energy scales of the QCD spectral densities. The predictions

M

J
=
2

=

(

4.02

-
0.09

+
0.09

)

GeV
,
 

M

J
=
1

=

(

4.02

-
0.08

+
0.07

)

GeV

favor assigning the Zc(4020) and Zc(4025) as the JPC = 1+− or 2++ diquark-antidiquark type tetraquark states, while the prediction

M

J
=
0

=

(

3.85

-
0.09

+
0.15

)

GeV

disfavors assigning the Z(4050) and Z(4250) as the JPC = 0++ diquark-antidiquark type tetraquark states. Furthermore, we discuss the strong decays of the 0++, 1+−, 2++ diquark-antidiquark type tetraquark states in details.
Numerical Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields in Multiscale Model*
Authors: Ma Ji , Fang Guang-You , Ji Yi-Cai
Published: April 2015

Modeling technique for electromagnetic fields excited by antennas is an important topic in computational electromagnetics, which is concerned with the numerical solution of Maxwell's equations. In this paper, a novel hybrid technique that combines method of moments (MoM) with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is presented to handle the problem. This approach employed Huygen's principle to realize the hybridization of the two classical numerical algorithms. For wideband electromagnetic data, the interpolation scheme is used in the MoM based on the dyadic Green's function. On the other hand, with the help of equivalence principle, the scattered electric and magnetic fields on the Huygen's surface calculated by MoM are taken as the sources for FDTD. Therefore, the electromagnetic fields in the environment can be obtained by employing finite-difference time-domain method. Finally, numerical results show the validity of the proposed technique by analyzing two canonical samples.
Percolation Phase Transitions from Second Order to First Order in Random Networks*
Authors: Jia Xiao , Hong Jin-Song , Yang Hong-Chun , Yang Chun , Fu Chuan-Ji , Hu Jian-Quan , Shi Xiao-Hong
Published: April 2015

We investigate a percolation process where an additional parameter q is used to interpolate between the classical Erdös–Rényi (ER) network model and the smallest cluster (SC) model. This model becomes the ER network at q = 1, which is characterized by a robust second order phase transition. When q = 0, this model recovers to the SC model which exhibits a first order phase transition. To study how the percolation phase transition changes from second order to first order with the decrease of the value of q from 1 to 0, the numerical simulations study the final vanishing moment of the each existing cluster except the N-cluster in the percolation process. For the continuous phase transition, it is shown that the tail of the graph of the final vanishing moment has the characteristic of the convexity. While for the discontinuous phase transition, the graph of the final vanishing moment possesses the characteristic of the concavity. Just before the critical point, it is found that the ratio between the maximum of the sequential vanishing clusters sizes and the network size N can be used to decide the phase transition type. We show that when the ratio is larger than or equal to zero in the thermodynamic limit, the percolation phase transition is first or second order respectively. For our model, the numerical simulations indicate that there exists a tricritical point qc which is estimated to be between 0.2 < qc < 0.25 separating the two phase transition types.
Anisotropic Intervalley Plasmon Excitations in Graphene*
Authors: Chen Jian , Xu Huai-Zhe
Published: April 2015

We investigate theoretically the intervalley plasmon excitations (IPEs) in graphene monolayer within the random-phase approximation. We derive an analytical expression of the real part of the dielectric function. We find a low-energy plasmon mode with a linear anisotropic dispersion which depends on the Fermi energy and the dielectric constant of substrate. The IPEs show strongly anisotropic behavior, which becomes significant around the zigzag crystallographic direction. More interestingly, the group velocity of IPE varies from negative to positive, and vanishes at special energy.
Equations in nilpotent groups
Authors: Duchin Moon , Liang Hao , Shapiro Michael
Published: April 2015

We show that there exists an algorithm to decide any single equation in the Heisenberg group in finite time. The method works for all two-step nilpotent groups with rank-one commutator, which includes the higher Heisenberg groups. We also prove that the decision problem for systems of equations is unsolvable in all non-abelian free nilpotent groups.
Is infant exposure to antiretroviral drugs during breastfeeding quantitatively important? A systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Waitt Catriona John , Garner Paul , Bonnett Laura Jayne , Khoo Saye Hock , Else Laura Jayne
Published: April 2015

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to summarize antiretroviral drug concentrations in breast milk (BM) and exposure of breast-fed infants.

Methods

This was a systematic review of pharmacokinetic studies of HIV-positive women taking antiretrovirals that measured drugs in BM. The quality of pharmacokinetic and laboratory methods was assessed using pre-defined criteria. Pooled ratios and 95% CIs were calculated using the generalized inverse variance method and heterogeneity was estimated by the I2 statistic. PubMed Central, SCOPUS and LactMed databases were searched. No date or language restrictions were applied. Searches were conducted up to 10 November 2014. Clinical relevance was estimated by comparing ingested dose with the recommended therapeutic dose for each drug.

Results

Twenty-four studies were included. There was substantial variability in the clinical and laboratory methods used and in reported results. Relative to maternal plasma (MP), NRTIs accumulate in BM, with BM : MP ratios (95% CI estimates) from 0.89 to 1.21 (14 studies, 1159 paired BM and MP samples). NNRTI estimates were from 0.71 to 0.94 (17 studies, 965 paired samples) and PI estimates were from 0.17 to 0.21 (8 studies, 477 paired samples). Relative to the recommended paediatric doses, a breast-fed infant may ingest 8.4% (95% CI 1.9–15.0), 12.5% (95% CI 2.6–22.3) and 1.1% (95% CI 0–3.6) of lamivudine, nevirapine and efavirenz, respectively, via BM.

Conclusions

Transfer to untreated infants appears quantitatively important for some NRTIs and NNRTIs. The pharmacokinetic methods varied widely and we propose standards for the design, analysis and reporting of future pharmacokinetic studies of drug transfer during breastfeeding.
A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Focusing on Different Allergic Rhinitis Medications
Authors: Xiao Juan , Wu Wen-Xu , Ye Yuan-Yuan , Lin Wen-Jun , Wang Lu
Published: April 2015

This study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of 4 allergic rhinitis (AR) drugs (loratadine, cetirizine, montelukast, and desloratadine) in reducing functional problems in patients, as indicated by rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire scores. After an exhaustive search of electronic databases containing published scientific literature, high-quality randomized controlled trials relevant to our study were selected based on a stringent predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 12.0 and comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA 2.0) software. The literature search broadly identified 386 studies, and after a multistep screening and elimination process, a total of 13 randomized controlled trials contributed to this network meta-analysis. These 13 high-quality studies contained a combined total of 6867 patients with AR on 4 different medications. The results of network meta-analysis revealed that, compared with placebo, all 4 mediations treated AR effectively [cetirizine: mean: −0.62, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) = −0.90 to −0.34, P < 0.001; loratadine: mean: −0.32, 95% CI = −0.55 to −0.097, P = 0.005; montelukast: mean: −0.28, 95% CI = −0.54 to −0.023, P = 0.033; desloratadine: mean: −0.39, 95% CI = −0.60 to −0.18, P < 0.001]. A comparison of surface under the cumulative ranking curve values of these 4 interventions clearly showed that cetirizine is the most optimal medication for AR treatment. In conclusion, this network meta-analysis provides the first evidence that cetirizine is the most efficacious treatment for AR compared with loratadine, montelukast, and desloratadine, significantly reducing the functional problems in patients with AR.
Emergency Department Visits Related to Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Pant Chaitanya , Deshpande Abhishek , Fraga‐Lovejoy Camilla , O’Connor Judith , Gilroy Richard , Olyaee Mojtaba
Published: April 2015

We analyzed a national US database to study the presentation of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the emergency department (ED). Our results indicate that from 2006 to 2010, there was a significant increase in the number of ED visits related to children with IBD accompanied by a contemporaneous decline in the rate of hospitalization that followed these ED visits. Earlier published results have highlighted an increased overall rate of hospitalizations in the United States related to children with IBD. In this context, our results support the evidence for an increased prevalence of pediatric IBD in the United States in recent years.
Paenibacillus qingshengii sp. nov., isolated from a lead–zinc tailing
Authors: Chen Ling , Wang Lu , Sheng Xia-Fang
Published: April 2015

A novel bacterial strain, S1-9T, was isolated from a lead–zinc tailing in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Cells of strain S1-9T were Gram-stain-negative, ellipsoidal endospore-forming, aerobic rods and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain S1-9T was shown to belong to the genus Paenibacillus and the closest phylogenetic relatives were Paenibacillus glucanolyticus DSM 5162T (96.8 % similarity), Paenibacillus lautus NRRL NRS-666T (96.5 %) and Paenibacillus lactis MB 1871T (95.4 %). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. The total DNA G+C content of strain S1-9T was 49.9 mol%. Based on the low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness (ranging from 21.8 to 48.4 %) to the type strains of the above species of the genus Paenibacillus and unique phenotypic characteristics, strain S1-9T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus qingshengii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S1-9T ( = CCTCC AB 2014290T = JCM 30613T).
Mycobacterium franklinii sp. nov., a species closely related to members of the Mycobacterium chelonae–Mycobacterium abscessus group
Authors: Lourenço Nogueira Christiane , Simmon Keith E. , Chimara Erica , Cnockaert Margo , Carlos Palomino Juan , Martin Anandi , Vandamme Peter , Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Wallace Richard J. , Cardoso Leão Sylvia
Published: April 2015

Two isolates from water, D16Q19 and D16R27, were shown to be highly similar in their 16S rRNA, 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS), hsp65 and rpoB gene sequences to ‘Mycobacterium franklinii’ DSM 45524, described in 2011 but with the name not validly published. They are all nonpigmented rapid growers and are related phenotypically and genetically to the Mycobacterium chelonae–Mycobacterium abscessus group. Extensive characterization by phenotypic analysis, biochemical tests, drug susceptibility testing, PCR restriction enzyme analysis of the hsp65 gene and ITS, DNA sequencing of housekeeping genes and DNA–DNA hybridization demonstrated that ‘M. franklinii’ DSM 45524, D16Q19 and D16R27 belong to a single species that is separated from other members of the M. chelonae–M. abscessus group. On the basis of these results we propose the formal recognition of Mycobacterium franklinii sp. nov. Strain DSM 45524T ( = ATCC BAA-2149T) is the type strain.