bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale resource development in Gossypium hirsutum L. by 454 sequencing of genic‐enriched libraries from six diverse genotypes
Authors: Rai Krishan Mohan , Singh Sunil Kumar , Bhardwaj Archana , Kumar Verandra , Lakhwani Deepika , Srivastava Apeksha , Jena Satya Narayan , Yadav Hemant Kumar , Bag Sumit K. , Sawant Samir V.
Published: June 2013

The sequence information has been proved to be an essential genomic resource in case of crop plants for their genetic improvement and better utilization by humans. To dissect the Gossypium hirsutum genome for large‐scale development of genomic resources, we adopted hypomethylated restriction‐based genomic enrichment strategy to sequence six diverse genotypes. Approximately 5.2‐Gb data (more than 18.36 million reads) was generated which, after assembly, represents nearly 1.27‐Gb genomic sequences. We predicted a total of 93 363 gene models (21 399 full length) and identified 35 923 gene models which were validated against already sequenced plant genomes. A total of 1093 transcription factor‐encoding genes, 3135 promoter sequences and 78 miRNA (including 17 newly identified in Gossypium) were predicted. We identified significant no. of molecular markers including 47 093 novel simple sequence repeats and 66 364 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, we developed NBRI‐Comprehensive Cotton Genomics database, a web resource to provide access of cotton‐related genomic resources developed at NBRI. This study contributes considerable amount of genomic resources and suggests a potential role of genic‐enriched sequencing in genomic resource development for orphan crop plants.
Therapy‐related Ph+ leukemia after both bone marrow and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for hypophosphatasia
Authors: Taketani Takeshi , Kanai Rie , Abe Mariko , Mishima Seiji , Tadokoro Mika , Katsube Yoshihiro , Yuba Shunsuke , Ogushi Hajime , Fukuda Seiji , Yamaguchi Seiji
Published: June 2013

Bone marrow (BM) transplantation (BMT) is one of the treatment strategies for congenital metabolic disease, but leukemia secondary to intensive cytoreductive treatment is a major concern. Besides BM cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are also used for transplantation. An 8‐month‐old girl with hypophosphatasia underwent transplantation of haploidentical BM cells followed by two transplants of MSC obtained from her father to facilitate osteogenesis. Fludarabine(Flu)/cyclophosphamide (CPA)/anti‐thymocyte globulin were used for myeloablative conditioning, but the patient developed therapy‐related leukemia harboring t(9;22)(q34;q11.2); minor BCR‐ABL (t‐leukemia with Ph) at the age of 32 months. At the age of 40 months she underwent a second BM and third MSC transplant from the same donor. Thereafter, she achieved complete histological and molecular remission. The present case suggests that the combination of cytotoxic agents (Flu/CPA) and MSC led to t‐leukemia with Ph as a consequence of chromosome instability and suppression of host anti‐tumor immunity.
Severe gastric variceal bleeding successfully treated by emergency splenic artery embolization
Authors: Sankararaman Senthilkumar , Velayuthan Sujithra , Vea Romulo , Herbst John
Published: June 2013

Bleeding from gastric varices due to splenic vein obstruction is extremely rare in children, but it can be catastrophic. Reported herein is the case of a teenager with splenic vein thrombosis and chronic decompensated liver disease from autoimmune hepatitis who presented with massive gastric variceal bleeding. Standard medical management did not control the bleeding. Due to decompensated liver disease and continuous active bleeding, emergency partial splenic artery embolization was preferred over splenectomy or a shunt procedure. Bleeding was successfully controlled by partial splenic artery embolization by decreasing the inflow of blood into the portal system. It is concluded that emergency partial splenic artery embolization is a safer alternative life‐saving procedure to manage severe gastric variceal bleeding due to splenic vein obstruction in a patient with high surgical risk. To our knowledge, only one other patient with similar management has been reported in the pediatric age group.
Significance of twinkling artifact on ultrasound in the diagnosis of cystine urolithiasis
Authors: Fujii Yoshimitsu , Kino Minoru , Kimata Takahisa , Tohda Akira , Kaneko Kazunari
Published: June 2013

Twinkling artifact (TA) refers to the finding characterized by both a high‐echoic mass upon B‐mode ultrasound (US) and turbulence‐like signals over the entire mass without significant blood flow on color Doppler US. TA is a characteristic sign of urolithiasis, and there has been no previous report on this finding in the digestive tract. The authors recently encountered a 2‐year 9‐month‐old boy with cystinuria presenting with an opacified abdominal mass. Although he was originally diagnosed as having calcified stool mass, the finding of TA upon US led to the correct diagnosis of huge urolith (4.2 cm in diameter) in the urinary bladder. Laparotomic stone removal was successfully conducted and the calculus was confirmed to be composed of cystine. The finding of TA upon US facilitates identification of the structure and location of the intra‐abdominal mass.
Prophylactic post‐transplant dasatinib administration in a pediatric patient with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Watanabe Akihiro , Chansu Shin , Ogawa Atsushi , Asami Keiko , Imamura Masaru
Published: June 2013

Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia has a poor prognosis, even in pediatric patients. Although imatinib‐containing chemotherapy can reportedly improve early event‐free survival, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is still considered to be the main curative treatment option. Dasatinib, a novel abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is being used for the treatment of relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is reported to have excellent efficacy. We used dasatinib after bone marrow transplantation prior to the anticipated relapse for the purpose of prophylaxis against relapse. After discontinuation of dasatinib administration, molecular remission has lasted for 7 months. Although preventive use of dasatinib is as yet uncommon, we consider that dasatinib may eradicate the minimal residual disease and prevent recurrence, and it is feasible to administer and appears to be safe. Further studies are needed to confirm our experience in this case.
Herpes simplex primo‐infection in an immunocompetent host with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Žaja Franulović Orjena , Lesar Tatjana , Busic Nikolina , Tešović Goran
Published: June 2013

Eosinophilic esophagitis and herpes simplex esophagitis are separately well‐described entities, but their simultaneous occurrence may pose a special challenge to the clinician, especially regarding the optimal therapeutic approach. The following case report describes a patient with a history of cow's milk and dairy products intolerance, but without an underlying immunologic defect, in whom eosinophilic esophagitis was diagnosed in the course of primary herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) infection that clinically presented as herpes labialis and severe esophagitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction from cytological brush and by immunohistochemical staining that detected the presence of HSV1 DNA in esophageal mucosa, and histologically by persistent eosinophil‐predominant inflammation, typical of eosinophilic esophagitis. Despite severe clinical presentation, the HSV1 infection was self‐limited. After a directed elimination diet was introduced, the clinical course was favorable, without the need for antiviral therapy.
Septic neonate rescued by polymyxin B hemoperfusion
Authors: Hirakawa Eiji , Ibara Satoshi , Tokuhisa Takuya , Hiwatashi Sayuri , Hayashida Yoshihiro , Maede Yoshinobu , Matsui Takako , Nakazawa Yusuke , Inoue Takeshi , Kodaira Yuichi
Published: June 2013

Sepsis caused by group B streptococcus has been well controlled with aminobenzylpenicillin, but the incidence of Escherichia coli sepsis has increased in proportion. E. coli is a Gram‐negative bacillus associated with poor prognosis due to the release of endotoxins. Conventional treatment with antibiotics alone may not be sufficient because the inflammatory response exacerbates the unstable hemodynamic status. Polymyxin B hemoperfusion has been established as a treatment option for septic shock in adults. Polymyxin B hemoperfusion adsorbs endotoxins and cannabinoids such as anandamide and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol. Reported herein is a case of severe septic shock induced by E. coli. The concomitant use of polymyxin B hemoperfusion rapidly reduced the requirement for catecholamines and the patient was discharged without short‐term neurological or respiratory sequelae. It is suggested that polymyxin B hemoperfusion might be an innovative therapy for severe sepsis, and could improve outcome.
Integrating Management Techniques to Restore Sites Invaded by Mile‐a‐Minute Weed, Persicaria perfoliata
Authors: Lake Ellen C. , Hough‐Goldstein Judith , D'Amico Vincent
Published: June 2013

Efforts to suppress an invasive weed are often undertaken with the goal of facilitating the recovery of a diverse native plant community. In some cases, however, reduction in the abundance of the target weed results in an increase in other exotic weeds. Mile‐a‐minute weed (Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross (Polygonaceae)) is an annual vine from Asia that has invaded the eastern United States, where it can form dense monocultures. The host‐specific Asian weevil Rhinoncomimus latipes Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was first released in the United States in 2004 as part of a classical biological control program. At three sites invaded by mile‐a‐minute weed, biological control was integrated with pre‐emergent herbicide use and two densities of native plantings. After 2 years, native plant cover differed significantly and was greater than 80% in the plots with plantings and pre‐emergent herbicide but less than 30% in the planting treatments without herbicide. Where mile‐a‐minute cover decreased at the two sites with the greatest pressure from exotic plants, plots were dominated by another exotic weed, Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, Japanese stiltgrass. The combination of biocontrol, pre‐emergent herbicide, and revegetation with native plants suppressed mile‐a‐minute weed, prevented invasion by Japanese stiltgrass, and increased the abundance of native plants. The selection of the management strategies used to control mile‐a‐minute weed determined the extent of recovery of the native plant community.
Quantifying Riverine and Storm‐Surge Flood Risk by Single‐Family Residence: Application to Texas
Authors: Czajkowski Jeffrey , Kunreuther Howard , Michel‐Kerjan Erwann
Published: June 2013

The development of catastrophe models in recent years allows for assessment of the flood hazard much more effectively than when the federally run National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was created in 1968. We propose and then demonstrate a methodological approach to determine pure premiums based on the entire distribution of possible flood events. We apply hazard, exposure, and vulnerability analyses to a sample of 300,000 single‐family residences in two counties in Texas (Travis and Galveston) using state‐of‐the‐art flood catastrophe models. Even in zones of similar flood risk classification by FEMA there is substantial variation in exposure between coastal and inland flood risk. For instance, homes in the designated moderate‐risk X500/B zones in Galveston are exposed to a flood risk on average 2.5 times greater than residences in X500/B zones in Travis. The results also show very similar average annual loss (corrected for exposure) for a number of residences despite their being in different FEMA flood zones. We also find significant storm‐surge exposure outside of the FEMA designated storm‐surge risk zones. Taken together these findings highlight the importance of a microanalysis of flood exposure. The process of aggregating risk at a flood zone level—as currently undertaken by FEMA—provides a false sense of uniformity. As our analysis indicates, the technology to delineate the flood risks exists today.
Comparing performance and kinematics of throwing with a circular and whip‐like wind up by experienced handball players
Authors: van den Tillaar R. , Zondag A. , Cabri J.
Published: June 2013

The aim of this study was to compare the performance (throwing velocity of the ball) and kinematics of overarm throwing with the circular and whip‐like wind up in elite handball players. Twenty‐two elite handball players (11 men and 11 women) conducted both types of throws. The ball release velocity, maximal ball acceleration, maximal velocity of the end points of the five segments and maximal angles, angles at ball release and maximal angular velocities of the 11 joint movements and their timing during the throw were analyzed. Significantly higher ball release velocities (21.9 m/s vs 20.6 m/s) were reached together with higher maximal linear velocities of the end points of all segments and longer throwing time with the circular wind up than with the whip‐like wind up. Furthermore, it seems that the timing and amount of maximal angular pelvis rotation was the main contributor to the difference in the maximal ball release velocity between the two wind ups. The findings support the observation that overarm throwing with the circular wind up results in higher ball releases but also a longer throwing movement in comparison to whip‐like wind up throws.
Evaluation of optical coherence tomography as a non‐invasive diagnostic tool in cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Kuck Monika , Strese Helene , Alawi Seyed Arash , Meinke Martina C. , Fluhr Joachim W. , Burbach Guido J. , Krah Martin , Sterry Wolfram , Lademann Jürgen
Published: June 2013

Background

The monitoring of wound‐healing processes is indispensable for the therapeutic effectiveness and improved care of chronic wounds. Histological sections provide the best morphological assessment of wound recovery, but cause further tissue destruction and increase the risk of infection. Therefore, it is reasonable to apply a diagnostic tool that allows a non‐invasive and reliable observation of morphological changes in wound healing.

Methods

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique for in vivo evaluation of skin diseases with a resolution close to histopathology. The aim of this study was to investigate whether OCT is suited to display the phases of wound healing. For this purpose, six patients with chronic wounds were objectively characterized by OCT during a period of 2 weeks.

Results

Comparable results between histological findings and OCT were achieved. OCT allowed the detection of partial loss of the epidermis, vasoconstriction, vasodilatation and epithelialization.

Conclusion

Consequently, OCT could be a potential non‐invasive diagnostic tool for the characterization and monitoring of cutaneous wound‐healing processes over time.
Molecular phylogeny of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) revisited: position of Manotinae, Metanepsiini, and other enigmatic taxa as inferred from multigene analysis
Authors: ŠEVČÍK JAN , KASPŘÁK DAVID , TÓTHOVÁ ANDREA
Published: June 2013

The phylogeny of selected genera from four subfamilies of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) – Manotinae, Leiinae, Sciophilinae and Gnoristinae (including Metanepsiini) – is reconstructed based on the combined analysis of five mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI, COII, cytB) and two nuclear (28S, ITS2) gene markers. Results of the different analyses all support Manotinae as a monophyletic group, with Leiinae as the sister group. Allactoneura DeMeijere is nested in the monophyletic and strongly supported clade of Leiinae. The tribe Metanepsiini is revealed as paraphyletic and the genera Metanepsia Edwards and Chalastonepsia Søli do not appear to be closely related. The genera Docosia Winnertz, Ectrepesthoneura Enderlein, Novakia Strobl and Syntemna Winnertz were placed with a group of genera included traditionally in the Gnoristinae. The monophyly of Dziedzickia Johannsen and Phthinia Winnertz is not supported. The genera of Sciophilinae (excluding Paratinia Mik but including Eudicrana Loew) form a monophyletic group in the Bayesian model.
Factors affecting successful mobilization with plerixafor: an Italian prospective survey in 215 patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma
Authors: Lanza Francesco , Lemoli Roberto M. , Olivieri Attilio , Laszlo Daniele , Martino Massimo , Specchia Giorgina , Pavone Vincenzo , Imola Manuela , Pasini Annalisa , Milone Giuseppe , Scortechini Ilaria , Todisco Elisabetta , Guggiari Elena , Cascavilla Nicola , Martinelli Giovanni , Rambaldi Alessandro , Bosi Alberto
Published: June 2013

Background

Although the efficacy of plerixafor in peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization has been explored in several studies, factors associated with successful plerixafor mobilization after administration of granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), with or without chemotherapy, have not been investigated. We analyzed data on PBSC mobilization from a large Italian database of lymphoma and myeloma plerixafor‐treated patients.

Study Design and Methods

Two endpoints were established to define successful mobilization: patients with at least 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg collected by three leukapheresis procedures and patients achieving a peak count of at least 20 × 106 CD34+ cells/L during mobilization.

Results

Plerixafor achieved successful mobilization in both predicted (n = 64) and proven poor mobilizers (PMs; n = 143), classified according to the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto di Midollo Osseo (GITMO) criteria. Successful mobilization was independent of type of mobilization (steady state or chemotherapy); age; sex; disease; number or type of chemotherapy regimens preceding plerixafor; radiation therapy; prior treatment with melphalan, carmustine, lenalidomide, and radioimmune conjugates; and laboratory variables. Multivariate analysis identified previous fludarabine treatment and premobilization platelet count as predictors of successful mobilization.

Conclusion

This large, prospective, nationwide study confirmed plerixafor efficacy for mobilizing PBSCs when added to G‐CSF with or without chemotherapy. Plerixafor can overcome negative effects of most predictors of poor mobilization to achieve satisfactory harvest both in predicted and proven PM.
Evaluation of 18F‐FDG PET/CT as a diagnostic imaging and staging tool for feline oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Randall E. K. , Kraft S. L. , Yoshikawa H. , LaRue S. M.
Published: June 2013

18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (18FDG‐PET/CT) has been shown to be effective for staging human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but its application for cats with oral SCC is unknown. Twelve cats with biopsy‐proven oral SCC were imaged with whole body 18FDG‐PET/CT to determine its value as a diagnostic imaging and staging tool and fine needle aspirates were obtained of accessible regional lymph nodes. All tumors were FDG avid and conspicuous on 18FDG‐PET/CT images, with an average of the maximum standardized uptake value 9.88 ± 5.33 SD (range 2.9–24.9). Soft tissue infiltrative tumors that were subtle and ill defined on CT were highly visible and more extensive on FDG‐PET/CT. Tumors invading the osseous structures were more similar in extent on 18FDG‐PET/CT and CT although they were more conspicuous on PET images. Three cytologically confirmed metastases were hypermetabolic on PET, while two of those metastases were equivocal on CT.
Cutaneous nocardiosis in two dogs receiving ciclosporin therapy for the management of canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Siak Meng K. , Burrows Amanda K.
Published: June 2013

Background

Ciclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor that is currently registered for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis. The most common adverse effects include mild, transient gastrointestinal disturbances. Single case reports of opportunistic infections due to Nocardia spp., Neospora spp. and papillomaviruses have also been reported.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk of systemic immunosuppression and subsequent infection with Nocardia spp. in dogs receiving ciclosporin.

Animals

Cutaneous nocardiosis in two dogs receiving ciclosporin therapy for management of canine atopic dermatitis.

Methods

Histopathology, PCR for Nocardia spp. and computed tomography.

Results

One dog developed disseminated nocardiosis due to Nocardia brasiliensis and a second dog developed localized cutaneous nocardiosis due to a novel Nocardia species subsequent to ciclosporin administration at the recommended dose rate for the management of canine atopic dermatitis. The second case was receiving a combination of ciclosporin and ketoconazole, and serum trough ciclosporin levels were elevated.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk of systemic immunosuppression and subsequent infection with Nocardia spp. in dogs receiving ciclosporin. Measurement of serum ciclosporin levels may be useful in identifying those individuals which are at risk of opportunistic infections.
Outcome and management in neonatal thrombocytopenia due to maternal idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: van der Lugt N. M. , van Kampen A. , Walther F. J. , Brand A. , Lopriore E.
Published: June 2013

Background and Objectives

Pregnant women with Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) can deliver neonates with severe thrombocytopenia. Clear evidence declaring the pathophysiological cause of this neonatal thrombocytopenia is lacking, as antiplatelet antibodies are not always detectable in maternal serum. Severe neonatal thrombocytopenia below 50 × 109/l is reported in 8–13% of the neonates from mothers with ITP and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in 0–2·9%. Evidence about the optimal postnatal treatment is scarce. Our objective was to evaluate the outcome and management in neonates with passive ITP.

Materials and Methods

All neonates from mothers with ITP born between 1980 and 2011 were included. Platelet counts during the first 10 days, presence of ICH and postnatal treatment were recorded. Maternal characteristics were analysed as possible risk factors for severe neonatal thrombocytopenia.

Results

Sixty‐seven neonates were included. Severe thrombocytopenia (<50 × 109/l) occurred in 20/67 (29·9%) neonates. In three neonates, platelet count rose spontaneously, 18 neonates were treated (one with persistent moderate thrombocytopenia) with the following: platelet transfusions (3), prednisone (2), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (1), platelet transfusions and IVIG (11), platelet transfusion and prednisone (1). Recurrence of low platelet counts after transfusions was commonly seen. Risk factors for severe neonatal thrombocytopenia were a previous sibling with severe thrombocytopenia and low maternal platelet nadir during pregnancy.

Conclusion

In this cohort, severe neonatal thrombocytopenia occurs more frequently than previously reported. To maintain a platelet count above 50 × 109/l, often multiple transfusions and IVIG are required. Multiple transfusions may be avoided by starting IVIG, when platelet count falls below 50 × 109/l after the first platelet transfusion.
Occurrence, Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from Twelve Bovine Farms in the North‐East of Ireland
Authors: Bolton D. J. , Ennis C. , McDowell D.
Published: June 2013

Cattle faecal samples (n = 480) were collected from a cluster of 12 farms, and PCR screened for the presence of the intimin gene (eae). Positive samples were cultured, and colonies were examined for the presence of eae and verocytotoxin (vtx) genes. Colonies which were positive for the intimin gene and negative for the verocytotoxin genes were further screened using PCR for a range of virulence factors including bfpA, espA, espB, tir ehxA, toxB, etpD, katP, saa, iha, lpfAO157/OI‐141 and lpfAO157/OI‐154. Of the 480 faecal samples, 5.8% (28/480) were PCR positive, and one isolate was obtained from each. All 28 isolates obtained were bfpA negative and therefore atypical EPEC (aEPEC). The serotypes detected included O2:H27, O8:H36, O15:H2, O49:H+, O84:H28, O105:H7 and O132:H34 but half of the isolates could not be serogrouped using currently available antisera. Twenty‐two (79%) of the isolates carried the tir gene but only 25% were espB positive, and all other virulence genes tested for were scarce or absent. Several isolates showed intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, minocycline and tetracycline; full resistance to nalidixic acid or tetracycline with one isolate (O−:H8) displaying resistance to aminoglycosides (kanamycin and streptomycin), quinolones (nalidixic acid) and sulphonamides. This study provides further evidence that cattle are a potential source of aEPEC and add to the very limited data currently available on virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in this pathogenic E. coli group in animals.
Fighting Rabies in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia ‐ Experts Call for a Regional Initiative for Rabies Elimination
Authors: Aikimbayev A. , Briggs D. , Coltan G. , Dodet B. , Farahtaj F. , Imnadze P. , Korejwo J. , Moiseieva A. , Tordo N. , Usluer G. , Vodopija R. , Vranješ N.
Published: June 2013

MEEREB is an informal network of rabies experts from the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, seeking to eliminate rabies from the region. They met for the second time to review the current rabies situation, both globally and in their respective countries, highlighting current rabies control problems and potential solutions. Success stories in Latin America, in Western Europe, in some Asian countries, as well as in Croatia and Serbia prove that elimination of human rabies is achievable in the MEEREB region. It requires political willingness and cooperation of all stakeholders, including Ministries of Health and of Agriculture; adequate management of animal bites through post‐exposure prophylaxis; pre‐exposure prophylaxis for populations at high risk of rabies exposure, animal vaccination and humane control of stray dog populations. MEEREB members called for a regional initiative for rabies elimination in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. They are confident that the elimination of human rabies of canine origin can be achieved in the region through adopting a One Health approach, and that campaigns for rabies elimination will have significant benefit for public health, including strengthening the structure for control of other zoonoses.
Importance of light conditions for the height growth of underplatings in Norway spruce stands in the Oravské Beskydy Mts.
Authors: Jaloviar P. , Saniga M. , Kucbel S.
Published: June 2013

The study analyses the relationships between the components of relative irradiance and density of parent Norway spruce stand as well as the impact of light on height growth and crown architecture of beech and fir underplantings and natural regeneration of spruce. We observed three variants of regeneration: fir underplanting, beech underplanting and spruce natural regeneration. For each variant three circular research plots with the size 500 m2 were established. To determine the intensity of relative irradiance 15 hemispherical photographs in the height of 1.5 m were taken for each variant. The analysis confirmed a significant relationship only between indirect site factor (ISF) and basal area and partly stem number of parent stand. There is almost no influence of spruce overstorey density (within the observed range of basal area and stem number) on the values of total site factor (TSF) and its main component direct site factor (DSF). The relevant predictor for the height increments of underplanted saplings is ISF. Relationship between TSF and height increment is weak. Apical dominance ratio (ADR) that was used to characterize crown architecture is significantly correlated with ISF only for beech and fir. In the case of spruce, increase of light intensity in the observed range does not lead to a significant change of saplings crown architecture.
The arc space of horospherical varieties and motivic integration
Authors: Batyrev Victor , Moreau Anne
Published: June 2013

For an arbitrary connected reductive group $G$, we consider the motivic integral over the arc space of an arbitrary $ \mathbb{Q} $-Gorenstein horospherical $G$-variety ${X}_{\Sigma } $ associated with a colored fan $\Sigma $ and prove a formula for the stringy $E$-function of ${X}_{\Sigma } $ which generalizes the one for toric varieties. We remark that, in contrast to toric varieties, the stringy $E$-function of a Gorenstein horospherical variety ${X}_{\Sigma } $ may be not a polynomial if some cones in $\Sigma $ have nonempty sets of colors. Using the stringy $E$-function, we can formulate and prove a new smoothness criterion for locally factorial horospherical varieties. We expect that this smoothness criterion holds for arbitrary spherical varieties.
Minimizing Seat Track Vibration That is Caused by the Automatic Start/Stop of an Engine in a Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Hwang Hsiu-Ying
Published: June 2013

The use of hybrid electric vehicles is an effective means of reducing pollution and improving fuel economy. Certain vehicle control strategies commonly automatically shut down or restart the internal combustion engines of hybrid vehicles to improve their fuel consumption. Such an engine autostart/stop is not engaged or controlled by the driver. Drivers often do not expect or prepare for noticeable vibrations, noise, or an unsmooth transition when the engine is autostarted/stopped. Unsmooth engine autostart/stop transitions can cause driveline vibrations, making the ride uncomfortable and the customer dissatisfied with the vehicle. This research simulates the dynamic behaviors associated with the neutral starting and stopping of a power-split hybrid vehicle. The seat track vibration results of analysis and hardware tests of the baseline control strategy are correlated. Several antivibration control strategies are studied. The results reveal that pulse cancellation and the use of a damper bypass clutch can effectively reduce the fluctuation of the engine block reaction torque and the vibration of the seat track by more than 70% during the autostarting and stopping of the engine. The initial crank angle can have an effect on the seat track vibration as well.
Extension of Campbell's Major Resonance With Experimental Demonstration
Authors: Czachor Robert P.
Published: June 2013

The interaction of vibratory traveling waves in rotating and stationary axisymmetric components is examined. In the most general case, a resonance can occur when the wave propagation speed in a first structure is equal in magnitude and direction to the rotational velocity of an adjacent structure. When a backward wave in a rotor appears stationary, a major resonance, as discussed in Wilfred Campbell's classic paper (Campbell, W., 1924, “The Protection of Steam Turbine Disc Wheels from Axial Vibrations,” Trans ASME, 46, pp. 31–160), results. A related resonance has been observed when the wave propagation speed in the stator is equal to the physical speed of the adjacent rotor. A third mechanism is derived for resonance between a wave in rotor 1 and a co- or counter-rotating rotor 2. Description of a component test which demonstrated this final phenomenon is provided.
Vibration Analysis for Rotating Ring-Stiffened Cylindrical Shells With Arbitrary Boundary Conditions
Authors: Liu Lun , Cao Dengqing , Sun Shupeng
Published: June 2013

The free vibration analysis of rotating ring-stiffened cylindrical shells with arbitrary boundary conditions is investigated by employing the Rayleigh–Ritz method. Six sets of characteristic orthogonal polynomials satisfying six classical boundary conditions are constructed directly by employing Gram–Schmidt procedure and then are employed to represent the general formulations for the displacements in any axial mode of free vibrations for shells. Employing those formulations during the Rayleigh–Ritz procedure and based on Sanders' shell theory, the eigenvalue equations related to rotating ring-stiffened cylindrical shells with various classical boundary conditions have been derived. To simulate more general boundaries, the concept of artificial springs is employed and the eigenvalue equations related to free vibration of shells under elastic boundary conditions are derived. By adjusting the stiffness of artificial springs, those equations can be used to investigate the vibrational characteristics of shells with arbitrary boundaries. By comparing with the available analytical results for the ring-stiffened cylindrical shells and the rotating shell without stiffeners, the method proposed in this paper is verified. Strong convergence is also observed from convergence study. Further, the effects of parameters, such as the stiffness of artificial springs, the rotating speed of the ring-stiffened shell, the number of ring stiffeners and the depth to width ratio of ring stiffeners, on the natural frequencies are studied.
Detection of Damage in Space Frame Structures With L-Shaped Beams and Bolted Joints Using Changes in Natural Frequencies
Authors: Zhu W. D. , He K.
Published: June 2013

It is difficult to use conventional nondestructive testing methods to detect damage, such as loosening of bolted connections, in a space frame structure due to the complexity of the structure and the nature of the possible damage. A vibration-based method that uses changes in the natural frequencies of a structure to detect the locations and extent of damage in it has the advantage of being able to detect various types of damage in the structure, including loosening of bolted connections. Since the vibration-based method is model-based, applying it to a space frame structure with L-shaped beams and bolted joints will face challenges ranging from the development of an accurate dynamic model of the structure to that of a robust damage detection algorithm for a severely underdetermined, nonlinear least-square problem under the effects of relatively large modeling error and measurement noise. With the development of modeling techniques for fillets in thin-walled beams (He and Zhu, 2009, “Modeling of Fillets in Thin-Walled Beams Using Shell/Plate and Beam Finite Elements,” ASME J. Vib. Acoust., 131 (5), p. 051002) and bolted joints (He and Zhu, 2011, “Finite Element Modeling of Structures With L-shaped Beams and Bolted Joints,” ASME J. Vib. Acoust., 131(1), p. 011010) by the authors, accurate physics-based models of space frame structures can be developed with a reasonable model size. A new damage detection algorithm that uses a trust-region search strategy combined with a logistic function transformation is developed to improve the robustness of the vibration-based damage detection method. The new algorithm can ensure global convergence of the iterations and minimize the effects of modeling error and measurement noise. The damage detection method developed is experimentally validated on an aluminum three-bay space frame structure with L-shaped beams and bolted joints. Three types of introduced damage, including joint damage, member damage, and boundary damage, were successfully detected. In the numerical simulation where there are no modeling error and measurement noise, the almost exact locations and extent of damage can be detected.
Charge transfer processes at the interface between plasmas and liquids
Authors: Akolkar Rohan , Sankaran R. Mohan
Published: June 2013

Charge transfer processes at the interface of plasmas and liquidelectrolytes have been studied for over 100 years. Both plasmas and liquidelectrolytes contain charged species, and interactions between the two phases represent a unique combination of physics, chemistry, and materials science that is fundamentally different than that between solid electrodes and liquidelectrolytes. Unfortunately,scientific progress over the last century has been slow because of several key challenges including the inability to stabilize nonthermal plasmas at atmospheric pressure, and the lack of fundamental understanding of the mechanisms for charge transfer. Within the last decade, significant strides have been made to overcome these challenges. Here, the authors review this fascinating area of study, highlighting the history,development of experimental systems, mechanistic aspects, and emerging applications.
Silver Enhances Antibiotic Activity Against Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Morones-Ramirez Jose Ruben , Winkler Jonathan A. , Spina Catherine S. , Collins James J.
Published: June 2013

Silver enhances the activity of a wide range of antibiotics and broadens the spectrum of vancomycin, rendering it effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
Connoisseur of Cancer
Authors: Seker Erkin
Published: June 2013

Raman-based endoscopy device distinguishes different flavors of nanoparticles in a blend applied to tissue samples.
Metaproteomics Reveals Abundant Transposase Expression in Mutualistic Endosymbionts
Authors: Kleiner Manuel , Young Jacque C. , Shah Manesh , VerBerkmoes Nathan C. , Dubilier Nicole
Published: June 2013

Transposases, enzymes that catalyze the movement of mobile genetic elements, are the most abundant genes in nature. While many bacteria encode an abundance of transposases in their genomes, the current paradigm is that the expression of transposase genes is tightly regulated and generally low due to its severe mutagenic effects. In the current study, we detected the highest number of transposase proteins ever reported in bacteria, in symbionts of the gutless marine worm
Olavius algarvensis
with metaproteomics. At least 26 different transposases from 12 different families were detected, and genomic and proteomic analyses suggest that many of these are active. This high expression of transposases indicates that the mechanisms for their tight regulation have been disabled or no longer exist.

IMPORTANCE
The expansion of transposable elements (TE) within the genomes of host-restricted symbionts and pathogens plays an important role in their emergence and evolution and might be a key mechanism for adaptation to the host environment. However, little is known so far about the underlying causes and evolutionary mechanisms of this TE expansion. The current model of genome evolution in host-restricted bacteria explains TE expansion within the confines of the paradigm that transposase expression is always low. However, recent work failed to verify this model. Based on our data, we hypothesize that increased transposase expression, which has not previously been described, may play a role in TE expansion, and could be one explanation for the sometimes very rapid emergence and evolution of new obligate symbionts and pathogens from facultative ones.
Mutations in the IMD Pathway and Mustard Counter Vibrio cholerae Suppression of Intestinal Stem Cell Division in
Drosophila
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Hang Saiyu , Purdy Alexandra E. , Watnick Paula I.
Published: June 2013

Vibrio cholerae
is an estuarine bacterium and an intestinal pathogen of humans that causes severe epidemic diarrhea. In the absence of adequate mammalian models in which to study the interaction of
V. cholerae
with the host intestinal innate immune system, we have implemented
Drosophila melanogaster
as a surrogate host. We previously showed that immune deficiency pathway loss-of-function and
mustard
gain-of-function mutants are less susceptible to
V. cholerae
infection. We find that although the overall burden of intestinal bacteria is not significantly different from that of control flies, intestinal stem cell (ISC) division is increased in these mutants. This led us to examine the effect of
V. cholerae
on ISC division. We report that
V. cholerae
infection and cholera toxin decrease ISC division. Because IMD pathway and Mustard mutants, which are resistant to
V. cholerae
, maintain higher levels of ISC division during
V. cholerae
infection, we hypothesize that suppression of ISC division is a virulence strategy of
V. cholerae
and that accelerated epithelial regeneration protects the host against
V. cholerae
. Extension of these findings to mammals awaits the development of an adequate experimental model.

IMPORTANCE
Here we show that
Vibrio cholerae
and cholera toxin suppress intestinal stem cell (ISC) division. This is the first evidence of manipulation of ISC division by
V. cholerae
and demonstrates the utility of the
Drosophila
model in generating novel hypotheses regarding the interaction of
V. cholerae
with the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, we add to the body of data suggesting that the IMD pathway and the Mustard protein modulate ISC division independently of the overall load of commensal intestinal bacteria.
A Short Hairpin RNA Screen of Interferon-Stimulated Genes Identifies a Novel Negative Regulator of the Cellular Antiviral Response
Authors: Li Jianqing , Ding Steve C. , Cho Hyelim , Chung Brian C. , Gale Michael , Chanda Sumit K. , Diamond Michael S.
Published: June 2013

The type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway restricts infection of many divergent families of RNA and DNA viruses by inducing hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), some of which have direct antiviral activity. We screened 813 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs targeting 245 human ISGs using a flow cytometry approach to identify genes that modulated infection of West Nile virus (WNV) in IFN-β-treated human cells. Thirty ISGs with inhibitory effects against WNV were identified, including several novel genes that had antiviral activity against related and unrelated positive-strand RNA viruses. We also defined one ISG, activating signal cointegrator complex 3 (
ASCC3
), which functioned as a negative regulator of the host defense response. Silencing of
ASCC3
resulted in upregulation of multiple antiviral ISGs, which correlated with inhibition of infection of several positive-strand RNA viruses. Reciprocally, ectopic expression of human
ASCC3
or mouse
Ascc3
resulted in downregulation of ISGs and increased viral infection. Mechanism-of-action and RNA sequencing studies revealed that
ASCC3
functions to modulate ISG expression in an IRF-3- and IRF-7-dependent manner. Compared to prior ectopic ISG expression studies, our shRNA screen identified novel ISGs that restrict infection of WNV and other viruses and defined a new counterregulatory ISG,
ASCC3
, which tempers cell-intrinsic immunity.

IMPORTANCE
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that continues to pose a threat to public health. Innate immune responses, especially those downstream of type I interferon (IFN) signaling, are critical for controlling virus infection and spread. We performed a genetic screen using a gene silencing approach and identified 30 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that contributed to the host antiviral response against WNV. As part of this screen, we also identified a novel negative regulatory protein, ASCC3, which dampens expression of ISGs, including those with antiviral or proinflammatory activity. In summary, our studies define a series of heretofore-uncharacterized ISGs with antiviral effects against multiple viruses or counterregulatory effects that temper IFN signaling and likely minimize immune-mediated pathology.
Contribution of brain MRI in a patient diagnosed with 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria
Authors: Işıkay Sedat , Carman Kursat Bora
Published: June 2013

l-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a rare autosomal recessively inherited metabolic disorder of organic acid metabolism. Clinical findings are characterised by progressive neurological syndrome with cerebellar signs, mental deterioration and macrocephaly. Diagnosis is via increased levels ofl-2 hydroxyglutaric acid in urine, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows peripheral white matter abnormalities in cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia and dentate nuclei. In this report, we present an rare 8-year-old patient with a rare mental retardation, cerebellar findings, macrocephaly and typical brain MRI findings, who was subsequently diagnosed withl-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. In conclusion, in patients with progressive mental retardation, macrocephaly and cerebral findings,l-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria should be considered in case of deep white matter and dentate nuclei involvement in MRI.
Radiotherapy for a benign cause of cauda equina compression in a known case of breast carcinoma
Authors: Bhalla Neeraj , Husband David J , Pillay Robin , Thorp Nicki
Published: June 2013

A woman underwent breast conservation surgery and axillary clearance for T1N1M0 breast carcinoma, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy. At 3-year follow-up she presented with lumbar back pain and developed bilateral lower limb weakness. MRI spine demonstrated an expansile lesion at L1 causing cauda equina compression. The mass, unusually, was centred on the spinous process; metastases typically involve pedicles. The patient underwent surgical decompression with complete resolution of neurological signs. Histology revealed Masson tumour (intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia), a benign vascular lesion. Pain recurrence 9 months later prompted imaging demonstrating recurrent mass. Preoperative embolisation and re-excision was undertaken for recurrent Masson tumour. Recurrence of these lesions is rare and it was felt residual disease was likely. Radiotherapy has been used in isolated cases; therefore, she was treated with adjuvant radiotherapy, the first reported case of radiation in management of extracranial Masson tumour, and remains well 3 years later.
Melanoma of unknown primary origin presenting as a rapidly enlarging adrenal mass
Authors: Ejaz Shamim , Shawa Hassan , Henderson Samuel Alva , Habra Mouhammed Amir
Published: June 2013

Metastasis to the adrenal can be seen in the context of metastatic melanoma, but primary adrenal melanoma is very uncommon. We present a case of a rapidly enlarging adrenal mass that mimicked non-functioning primary adrenal malignancies but later proved to be part of a widely metastatic melanoma of unknown primary origin. Careful physical examination of the patient led to the discovery of a subcutaneous metastatic focus that was not seen on [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT imaging. The presence of subcutaneous metastases raised the suspicion for metastatic melanoma; however, pathological confirmation remained the ultimate tool to reach the final diagnosis.
Diagnosing peritoneal tuberculosis
Authors: Clancy C , Bokhari Y , Neary P M , Joyce M
Published: June 2013

A 37-year-old male healthcare worker presented to the medical assessment unit complaining of a 3-month history of lethargy, weight loss, night sweats and intermittent abdominal discomfort. On examination there was some dullness to percussion at the right lung base and decreased breath sounds. He had mild generalised tenderness in his abdomen. Blood tests were normal. Chest x-ray and CT of the thorax showed small bilateral pleural effusions with no other abnormality. CT of the abdomen and pelvis however, showed ascites with extensive thickening of the peritoneum and marked induration of the mesentery and omentum. Mantoux test was positive. Laparoscopy was undertaken to outrule intra-abdominal malignancy and confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Peritoneal wall biopsies were taken from whichMycobacteriumwas isolated confirming peritoneal tuberculosis. He was started on rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol and completed a 6-month course without further complications.
Golfer's swing leads to a spontaneous subcapsular liver haematoma
Authors: Lumley S , Slesser A A P , Saunders M , Warren S
Published: June 2013

We report the rare case of a patient presenting with a spontaneous hepatic subcapsular haematoma after playing golf. The patient had no underlying predisposing conditions. A CT scan of the abdomen/pelvis demonstrated a 1 cm deep low-attenuation subcapsular collection around the anterolateral aspect of the liver. The patient was treated conservatively and was discharged from inpatient care after 72 h. This is only the second reported case of a spontaneous subcapsular haematoma.