bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical sensors on board a Zeppelin NT: in-flight evaluation of low-cost trace gas measurements
Authors: Schuldt Tobias , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Wesolek Christian , Rohrer Franz , Winter Benjamin , Kuhlbusch Thomas A. J. , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Tillmann Ralf
Published: January 2023

Abstract. In this work, we used a Zeppelin NT equipped with six sensor setups, each composed of four different low-cost electrochemical sensors (ECSs) to measure nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), carbon monoxide, and Ox (NO2+O3) in Germany. Additionally, a MIRO MGA laser absorption spectrometer was installed as a reference device for in-flight evaluation of the ECSs. We report not only the influence of temperature on the NO and NO2 sensor outputs but also find a shorter timescale (1 s) dependence of the sensors on the relative humidity gradient. To account for these dependencies, we developed a correction method that is independent of the reference instrument. After applying this correction to all individual sensors, we compare the sensor setups with each other and to the reference device. For the intercomparison of all six setups, we find good agreements with R2≥0.8 but different precisions for each sensor in the range from 1.45 to 6.32 ppb (parts per billion). The comparison to the reference device results in an R2 of 0.88 and a slope of 0.92 for NOx (NO+NO2). Furthermore, the average noise (1σ) of the NO and NO2 sensors reduces significantly from 6.25 and 7.1 to 1.95 and 3.32 ppb, respectively. Finally, we highlight the potential use of ECSs in airborne applications by identifying different pollution sources related to industrial and traffic emissions during multiple commercial and targeted Zeppelin flights in spring 2020. These results are a first milestone towards the quality-assured use of low-cost sensors in airborne settings without a reference device, e.g., on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Evaluating the performance of a Picarro G2207-i analyser for high-precision atmospheric O2 measurements
Authors: Fleming Leigh S. , Manning Andrew C. , Pickers Penelope A. , Forster Grant L. , Etchells Alex J.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Fluxes of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in and out of the
atmosphere are strongly coupled for terrestrial biospheric exchange
processes and fossil fuel combustion but are uncoupled for oceanic air–sea
gas exchange. High-precision measurements of both species can therefore
provide constraints on the carbon cycle and can be used to quantify fossil
fuel CO2 (ffCO2) emission estimates. In the case of O2,
however, due to its large atmospheric mole fraction (∼20.9 %) it is very challenging to measure small variations to the degree of
precision and accuracy required for these applications. We have tested an
atmospheric O2 analyser based on the principle of cavity ring-down
spectroscopy (Picarro Inc., model G2207-i), both in the laboratory and at the
Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (WAO) field station in the UK, in
comparison to well-established, pre-existing atmospheric O2 and
CO2 measurement systems. In laboratory tests analysing dry air in high-pressure cylinders, we found
that the best precision was achieved with 30 min averaging and was
±0.5 ppm (∼±2.4 per meg). Also from continuous
measurements from a cylinder of dry air, we found the 24 h peak-to-peak
range of hourly averaged values to be 1.2 ppm (∼5.8 per meg).
These results are close to atmospheric O2 compatibility goals as set by
the UN World Meteorological Organization. However, from measurements of ambient
air conducted at WAO we found that the built-in water correction of the
G2207-i does not sufficiently correct for the influence of water vapour on
the O2 mole fraction. When sample air was dried and a 5-hourly baseline
correction with a reference gas cylinder was employed, the G2207-i's results
showed an average difference from the established O2 analyser of 13.6±7.5 per meg (over 2 weeks of continuous measurements). Over the
same period, based on measurements of a so-called “target tank”, analysed
for 12 min every 7 h, we calculated a repeatability of ±5.7±5.6 per meg and a compatibility of ±10.0±6.7 per meg
for the G2207-i. To further examine the G2207-i's performance in real-world
applications we used ambient air measurements of O2 together with
concurrent CO2 measurements to calculate ffCO2. Due to the
imprecision of the G2207-i, the ffCO2 calculated showed large
differences from that calculated from the established measurement system
and had a large uncertainty of ±13.0 ppm, which was roughly double
that from the established system (±5.8 ppm).
Investigating the dependence of mineral dust depolarization on complex refractive index and size with a laboratory polarimeter at 180.0° lidar backscattering angle
Authors: Miffre Alain , Cholleton Danaël , Noël Clément , Rairoux Patrick
Published: January 2023

Abstract. In this paper, the dependence of the particles' depolarization ratio (PDR) of mineral dust on the complex refractive index and size is for the first time investigated through a laboratory π-polarimeter operating at 180.0∘ backscattering angle and at (355, 532) nm wavelengths for lidar purposes. The dust PDR is indeed an important input parameter in polarization lidar experiments involving mineral dust. Our π-polarimeter provides 16 accurate (<1 %) values of the dust lidar PDR at 180.0∘ corresponding to four different complex refractive indices, studied at two size distributions
(fine, coarse) ranging from 10 nm to more than 10 µm and at (355, 532) nm wavelengths while accounting for the highly irregular shape of mineral dust, which is difficult to model numerically. At 355 nm, the lidar PDR of coarser silica, the main oxide in mineral dust, is equal to (33±1) %, while that of coarser hematite, the main light absorbent in mineral dust, is (10±1) %. This huge difference is here explained by accounting for the high imaginary part of the hematite complex refractive index. In turn, Arizona dust exhibits higher depolarization than Asian dust, due to the higher proportion in hematite in the latter. As a result, when the strong light-absorbent hematite is involved, the dust lidar PDR primarily depends on the particles' complex refractive index, and its variations with size and shape are less pronounced. When hematite is less or not involved, the dust lidar PDR increases with increasing sizes, though the shape dependence may then also play a role. The (355, 532) nm wavelength dependence of the dust lidar PDR then allows discussing on the involved particle sizes, thus highlighting the importance of dual-wavelength (or more) polarization lidar instruments. We believe these laboratory findings will help improve our understanding of the challenging dependence of the dust lidar PDR with complex refractive index and size to help interpret the complexity and the wealth of polarization lidar signals.
Magnetopause as conformal mapping
Authors: Narita Yasuhito , Toepfer Simon , Schmid Daniel
Published: January 2023

Abstract. An axi-symmetric two-dimensional magnetopause
model is constructed by making use of the conformal
mapping in the complex plane.
The model is an analytic continuation of the
power-law damped (or asymptotically elongated) parabolic shape.
The complex-plane expression of the magnetopause
opens the door to properly map the magnetopause and magnetosheath
coordinates from one model to another.
Holocene climate and oceanography of the coastal Western United States and California Current System
Authors: Palmer Hannah M. , Vriesman Veronica Padilla , Livsey Caitlin M. , Fish Carina R. , Hill Tessa M.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Examination of climatic and oceanographic changes through the Holocene
(11.75 ka–present) allows for an improved understanding and
contextualization of modern climate change. Climate records of the Holocene
can be utilized as a “baseline” from which to compare modern climate and
can also provide insights into how environments experience and recover from
change. However, individual studies on Holocene climate in the literature
tend to focus on a distinct geographic location, a specific proxy record, or
a certain aspect of climate (e.g., upwelling or precipitation), resulting in
localized, record-specific trends rather than a comprehensive view of
climate variability through the Holocene. Here we synthesize the major
oceanographic and terrestrial changes that have occurred in the Western
United States (bounded by 30 to 52∘ N and
115 to 130∘ W) through the most recent 11.75 kyr and
explore the impacts of these changes on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. We present a novel spatiotemporal analysis of
Holocene marine and terrestrial temperature, hydroclimate, and fire activity
across the Early, Middle, and Late Holocene using a coded analysis of over
40 published studies. Following coded analysis of temperature,
hydroclimate, and fire activity in the paper, we include a broader
literature review of environmental change through the Holocene, including an
examination of the impacts of multi-millennial climate trends on ecological
communities. We find that the Early Holocene is characterized by warming
relative to pre-Holocene conditions, including warm sea surface conditions,
a warm and dry Pacific Northwest, a warm and wet Southwest, and overall
spatial and temporal stability. In the Middle Holocene, these patterns reverse;
this interval is characterized by cool sea surface temperatures, a cool and
wet Pacific Northwest and warm and dry Southwest. The Late Holocene is the
most variable interval, both spatially and temporally, and a novel spatial
trend appears in terrestrial climate with warmer coastal areas and cooler
inland areas. Human communities interacted with the environment throughout
the entire Holocene, as evidenced in archeological and paleoenvironmental
records, yet the recent Era of Colonization (1850–present) represents an
unprecedented environmental interval in many records. Broadly, our analysis
shows linkages between terrestrial and oceanographic conditions, distinct
environmental phases through time, and emphasizes the importance of local
factors in controlling climate through the dynamic Holocene.
A simple model to assess the impact of gravity waves on ice crystal populations in the tropical tropopause layer
Authors: Corcos Milena , Hertzog Albert , Plougonven Riwal , Podglajen Aurélien
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The role of gravity waves on microphysics of tropical cirrus clouds and air parcel dehydration was studied using the combination of Lagrangian observations of temperature fluctuations and a 1.5 dimension model. High frequency measurements during isopycnal balloon flights were used to resolve the gravity wave signals with periods ranging from a few days to 15 min. The detailed microphysical simulations with homogeneous freezing, sedimentation and a crude horizontal mixing represent the slow ascent of air parcels in the Tropical Tropopause Layer. A reference simulation describes the slow ascent of air parcels in the tropical tropopause layer, with nucleation occurring only below the cold point tropopause with a small ice crystals density. The inclusion of the gravity waves modifies drastically the low ice concentration vertical profile and weak dehydration found during the ascent alone, with the increased ice crystal number and size distribution agreeing better with observations. Numerous events of nucleation occur below and above the cold point tropopause, efficiently restoring the relative humidity over ice to equilibrium with respect to the background temperature, as well as increase the cloud fraction in the vicinity of the cold-point tropopause. The corresponding decrease in water vapor is estimated at 2 ppmv around the cold point tropopause.
Toward coherent space-time mapping of seagrass cover from satellite data: example of a Mediterranean lagoon
Authors: Goodwin Guillaume Cyril Henri , Marani Marco , Silvestri Sonia , Carniello Luca , D'Alpaos Andrea
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Seagrass meadows are a highly productive and economically important shallow coastal habitat. Their sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic disturbances, combined with their importance for local biodiversity, carbon stocks and sediment dynamics, motivate a frequent monitoring of their distribution. However, generating time-series of seagrass cover from field observations is costly, and mapping methods based on remote sensing require restrictive conditions on seabed visibility, limiting the frequency of observations. In this contribution, we examine the effect of accounting for environmental factors such as the bathymetry and median grain size (D50) of the substrate, as well as the coordinates of known seagrass patches, on the performance of a Random Forest (RF) classifier used to determine seagrass cover. Using 148 Landsat images of the Venice Lagoon (Italy) between 1999 and 2020, we trained a RF classifier with only spectral features from Landsat images and seagrass surveys, respectively from 2002 and 2017. Then, by adding the features above and applying a time-based correction on predictions, we created multiple RF models with different feature combinations. We tested the quality of the resulting seagrass cover predictions from each model against field surveys, showing that bathymetry, D50 and coordinates of known patches exert an influence that is dependant on the training Landsat image and seagrass survey chosen. In models trained on a survey from 2017, where using only spectral features causes predictions to overestimate seagrass surface area, no significant change in model performance was observed. Conversely, in models trained on a survey from 2002, the addition of the out-of-image features and particularly coordinates of known vegetated patches greatly improves the predictive capacity of the model, while still allowing the detection of seagrass beds absent in the reference field survey. Applying a time-based correction eliminates small temporal variations in predictions, improving predictions that performed well before correction. We conclude that accounting for the coordinates of known seagrass patches, together with applying a time-based correction, has the most potential to produce reliable frequent predictions of seagrass cover. While this case study alone is insufficient to explain how geographic location information influences the classification process, we suggest that it is linked to the inherent spatial auto-correlation of seagrass meadow distribution. In the interest of improving remote sensing classification and particularly to develop our capacity to map vegetation across time, we identify this phenomenon as warranting further research.
The AntAWS dataset: a compilation of Antarctic automatic weather station observations
Authors: Wang Yetang , Zhang Xueying , Ning Wentao , Lazzara Matthew A. , Ding Minghu , Reijmer Carleen H. , Smeets Paul C. J. P. , Grigioni Paolo , Heil Petra , Thomas Elizabeth R. , Mikolajczyk David , Welhouse Lee J. , Keller Linda M. , Zhai Zhaosheng , Sun Yuqi , Hou Shugui
Published: January 2023

Abstract. A new meteorological dataset derived from records of Antarctic automatic weather stations (here called the AntAWS dataset) at 3 h, daily and monthly resolutions including quality control information is presented here. This dataset integrates the measurements of
air temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed and
direction from 267 Antarctic AWSs obtained from 1980 to 2021. The AWS spatial distribution remains heterogeneous, with the majority of instruments
located in near-coastal areas and only a few inland on the East Antarctic Plateau. Among these 267 AWSs, 63 have been operating for more than 20 years and 27 of them in excess of more than 30 years. Of the five
meteorological parameters, the measurements of air temperature have the best
continuity and the highest data integrity. The overarching aim of this
comprehensive compilation of AWS observations is to make these data easily
and widely accessible for efficient use in local, regional and continental
studies; it may be accessed at https://doi.org/10.48567/key7-ch19 (Wang et al., 2022). This dataset is
invaluable for improved characterization of the surface climatology across
the Antarctic continent, to improve our understanding of Antarctic surface
snow–atmosphere interactions including precipitation events associated with atmospheric rivers and to evaluate regional climate models or
meteorological reanalysis products.
Applying Friedrich Ratzel's political and biogeography to the debate on natural borders in the Italian context (1880–1920)
Authors: Proto Matteo
Published: January 2023

Abstract. This paper examines the contribution of Italian academic geography to the processes of nation-building between ca. 1880–1920. With reference to Friedrich Ratzel's works, it explores the ways in which biological and vitalist theories shaped political processes. In the decades between Italy's national unification until the first post-war period, Italian academic geographers helped to consolidate the nation-state by means of theoretical reflection, applied research, and education. The main focus of geographers was in defining the national space and its boundaries, especially by developing a scientific analysis that could establish the exact position of the terrestrial border along the Alpine chain. The scientific topic was strongly connected with the nationalist question of irredenta, which garnered growing consideration in the last 2 decades of the 19th century. The epistemological turn in Italian geography was particularly influenced by new approaches in German geography introduced by scholars such as Oscar Peschel and Friedrich Ratzel and aimed to formulate a general understanding of biogeography in its relationship with the earth's physical space. The reception of this theoretical model in the political debate and the way it was applied in the following decades proved highly significant.
Inferring reservoir filling strategies under limited data availability using hydrological modelling and Earth observation: the case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)
Authors: Ali Awad M. , Melsen Lieke A. , Teuling Adriaan J.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) started in 2020, posing additional challenges for downstream water management in Sudan, which is already struggling to cope with the effects of climate change. This is also the case for many transboundary rivers that observe a lack of cooperation and transparency during the filling and operation of new dams. Without information about water supply from neighbouring countries, it is risky to manage downstream dams as usual and operation information is needed to apply modifications. This study aims to test the applicability of using lumped hydrological modelling coupled with remote sensing data in retrieving reservoir filling strategies in regions with limited data availability. Firstly, five rainfall products (namely; ARC2, CHIRPS, ERA5, GPCC, and PERSIANN-CDR) were evaluated against historical measured rainfall at ten stations. Secondly, to account for input uncertainty, the best three performing rainfall products were forced in the conceptual hydrological model HBV-light with potential evapotranspiration and temperature data from ERA5. The model was calibrated during the period 2006–2019 and validated during the period 1991–1996. Thirdly, the parameter sets that obtained very good performance (NSE > 0.75) were utilized to predict the inflow of GERD during the operation period (2020–2022). Then, from the water balance of GERD, the daily storage was estimated and compared with the storage derived from Landsat observations to evaluate the performance of the selected rainfall products. Finally, three years of GERD filling strategies were retrieved using the best-performing simulation of CHIRPS with RMSE of 1.7 billion cubic meters (BCM) and NSE of 0.77 when compared with Landsat-derived reservoir storage. It was found that GERD stored 14 % of the monthly inflow of July 2020, 41 % of July 2021, and 37 % and 32 % of July and August 2022, respectively. Annually, GERD retained 5.2 % and 7.4 % of the annual inflow in the first two filling phases and between 12.9 % and 13.7 % in the third phase. The results also revealed that the retrieval of filling strategies is more influenced by input uncertainty than parameter uncertainty. The retrieved daily change in GERD storage with the measured outflow to Sudan allowed further interpretation of the downstream impacts of GERD. The findings of this study provide systematic steps to retrieve filling strategies for data-scarce regions, which can serve as a base for future development in the field. Locally, the analysis contributes significantly to the future water management of the Roseires and Sennar dams in Sudan.
Atmospheric water transport connectivity within and between ocean basins and land
Authors: Dey Dipanjan , Aldama Campino Aitor , Döös Kristofer
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The global atmospheric water transport from the net evaporation to the net precipitation regions has been traced using Lagrangian trajectories.
A matrix has been constructed by selecting various group of trajectories based on their surface starting (net evaporation) and ending (net precipitation) positions to show the connectivity of the 3-D atmospheric water transport within and between the three major ocean basins and the global landmass. The analysis reveals that a major portion of the net evaporated water precipitates back into the same region, namely 67 % for the Indian Ocean, 64 % for the Atlantic Ocean, 85 % for the Pacific Ocean and 72 % for the global landmass. It has also been calculated that 58 % of the net terrestrial precipitation was sourced from land evaporation. The net evaporation from the subtropical regions of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans is found to be the primary source of atmospheric water for precipitation over the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the corresponding basins. The net evaporated waters from the subtropical and western Indian Ocean were traced as the source for precipitation over the South Asian and eastern African landmass, while Atlantic Ocean waters are responsible for rainfall over North Asia and western Africa. Atlantic storm tracks were identified as the carrier of atmospheric water that precipitates over Europe, while the Pacific storm tracks were responsible for North American, eastern Asian and Australian precipitation. The bulk of South and Central American precipitation is found to have its source in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The land-to-land atmospheric water transport is pronounced over the Amazon basin, western coast of South America, Congo basin, northeastern Asia, Canada and Greenland. The ocean-to-land and land-to-ocean water transport through the atmosphere was computed to be 2×109 and 1×109 kg s−1, respectively. The difference between them (net ocean-to-land transport), i.e. 1×109 kg s−1, is transported to land. This net transport is approximately the same as found in previous estimates which were calculated from the global surface water budget.
Technical note: How physically based is hydrograph separation by recursive digital filtering?
Authors: Eckhardt Klaus
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Recursive digital filtering of hydrographs is a widely used method to identify streamflow components, which react to precipitation with varying
degrees of attenuation and delay. In this context, a distinction is often made between physically based and non-physically based algorithms. A
well-known example of a physically based algorithm is that of Furey and Gupta (2001). In this paper, it is contrasted with the widely used algorithm
of Eckhardt (2005). This algorithm is often considered merely a non-physically based low-pass filter. However, the comparison shows that both
algorithms largely agree. The algorithm of Eckhardt (2005) differs from the algorithm of Furey and Gupta (2001) only in the time delay assumed
between precipitation and the exfiltration of baseflow into surface waters and in the fact that two parameters are combined into one,
BFImax. This parameter can thus be interpreted physically, and an approach for its calculation emerges.
Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and associated fluxes in the western tropical Atlantic estimated from ocean glider observations
Authors: Sheehan Peter M. F. , Damerell Gillian M. , Leadbitter Philip J. , Heywood Karen J. , Hall Rob A.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Ocean gliders enable us to collect the high-resolution microstructure observations necessary to calculate the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, ε, on timescales of weeks to months: far longer than is normally possible using traditional ship-based platforms. Slocum gliders have previously been used to this end; here, we report the first detailed estimates of ε calculated using the Batchelor spectrum method on observations collected by a FP07 fast thermistor mounted on a Seaglider. We use these same fast thermistor observations to calculate ε following the Thorpe scale method and find very good agreement between the two methods. The Thorpe scale method yields larger values of ε, but the average difference, which is less than an order of magnitude, is smaller than reported elsewhere. The spatio-temporal distribution of ε is comparable for both methods. Maximum values of ε (10−7 W kg−1) are observed in the surface mixed layer; values of approximately 10−9 W kg−1 are observed between approximately 200 and 500 m depth. These two layers are separated by a 100 m thick layer of low ε (10−10 W kg−1), which is co-located with a high-salinity layer of Subtropical Underwater and a peak in the strength of stratification. We calculate the turbulent heat and salt fluxes associated with the observed turbulence. Between 200 and 500 m, ε induces downward fluxes of both properties that, if typical of the annual average, would have a very small influence on the heat and salt content of the overlying salinity-maximum layer. We compare these turbulent fluxes with two estimates of double-diffusive fluxes that occur in regions susceptible to salt fingers, such as the western tropical Atlantic. We find that the double-diffusive fluxes of both heat and salt are larger than the corresponding turbulent fluxes.
Warm conveyor belts in present-day and future climate simulations – Part 1: Climatology and impacts
Authors: Joos Hanna , Sprenger Michael , Binder Hanin , Beyerle Urs , Wernli Heini
Published: January 2023

Abstract. This study investigates how warm conveyor belts (WCBs) will change in a future climate. WCBs are strongly ascending airstreams in extratropical cyclones that are responsible for most of their precipitation. In conjunction with the cloud formation, latent heat is released, which has an impact on the potential vorticity distribution and therefore on the atmospheric circulation in the middle and upper troposphere. Because of these and other impacts of WCBs, it is of great importance to investigate changes in their frequencies, regions of occurrence, and physical characteristics in a warmer climate. To this aim, future climate simulations (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 – RCP8.5 – scenario; 2091–2100) are performed with the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) and compared to present-day climate (1991–1999). Trajectories are calculated based on 6-hourly 3D wind fields, and WCBs are identified as trajectories that ascend at least 600 hPa in 2 d. WCBs are represented reasonably well in terms of location and occurrence frequency compared to WCBs in the ERA-Interim reanalyses. In a future climate, WCB inflow regions in the North Pacific are systematically shifted northward in winter, which is in agreement with the northward shift of the storm track in this region. In the North Atlantic, increased frequencies are discernible in the southwest and there is a decrease to the south of Iceland. Finally, in the Southern Hemisphere, WCB frequencies increase in the South Atlantic in both seasons and to the east of South Africa and the Indian Ocean in June–July–August (JJA). These changes are partly consistent with corresponding changes in the occurrence frequencies of extratropical cyclones, i.e. the driving weather systems of WCBs. Changes are also found in the WCB characteristics, which have implications for WCB impacts in a future climate. The increase in inflow moisture in the different regions and seasons – ∼23 %–33 % (∼14 %–20 %) in winter (summer) – leads to (i) an increase in WCB-related precipitation – ∼13 %–23 % (∼7 %–28 %) in winter (summer) – especially in the upper percentiles and thus a possible increase in extreme precipitation related to WCBs, (ii) a strong increase in diabatic heating – ∼20 %–27 % (∼17 %–33 %) in winter (summer) – in the mid-troposphere, and (iii) a higher outflow level – ∼10 K (∼10–16 K) in winter (summer) – which favours WCBs more strongly interacting with the upper-level Rossby waveguide. In summary, by investigating a distinct weather system, the WCB, and how it changes in its occurrence frequency and characteristics in a future climate, this study provides new insights into the dynamics and impacts of climate change in the extratropical storm track regions.
Turbulence structures and entrainment length scales in large offshore wind farms
Authors: Syed Abdul Haseeb , Mann Jakob , Platis Andreas , Bange Jens
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The flow inside and around large offshore wind farms can range from smaller structures associated with the mechanical turbulence generated by wind turbines to larger structures indicative of the mesoscale flow. In this study, we explore the variation in turbulence structures and dominant scales of vertical entrainment above large offshore wind farms located in the North Sea, using data obtained from a research aircraft. The aircraft was flown upstream, downstream, and above wind farm clusters. Under neutrally stratified conditions, there is high ambient turbulence in the atmosphere and an elevated energy dissipation rate compared to stable conditions. The intensity of small-scale turbulence structures is increased above and downstream of the wind farm, and it prevails over mesoscale fluctuations. But in stable stratification, mesoscale flow structures are not only dominant upstream of the wind farm but also downstream. We observed that the vertical flux of horizontal momentum is the main source of energy recovery in large offshore wind farms, and it strongly depends on the magnitude of the length scales of the vertical wind velocity component. The dominant length scales of entrainment range from 20 to ∼60 m above the wind farm in all stratification strengths, and in the wake flow these scales range from 10 to ∼100 m only under near-neutral stratification. For strongly stable conditions, negligible vertical entrainment of momentum was observed even just 2 km downstream of large wind farms. We also observed that there is a significant lateral momentum flux above the offshore wind farms, especially under strongly stable conditions, which suggests that these wind farms do not satisfy the conditions of an “infinite wind farm”.
Validez, precisión diagnóstica y fiabilidad del Test de Palabras Parónimas Susurradas para la detección rápida de la presbiacusia
Authors: Valero-García Jesús , Vila-Rovira Josep María
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la validez, la precisión diagnóstica y la fiabilidad del Test de Palabras Parónimas Susurradas (TPPS) para la detección de presbiacusia. La muestra estuvo configurada por 156 personas mayores de 65 años y por 36 jóvenes, de entre 18 a 26 años, sin problemas auditivos. La sensibilidad auditiva se evaluó mediante la audiometría de tonos puros y el TPPS.
Utilizando esta prueba, a 94 personas del grupo de más de 65 años se les detectó presbiacusia, lo que correlacionó significativamente con los datos obtenidos a través de la audiometría de tonos puros [r = -0,84 (p < 0,001)]. La comparación de estos valores con los obtenidos en la misma prueba por el grupo de jóvenes también arrojó una alta significación estadística (p < .00). Por otra parte, se registró la capacidad diagnóstica de esta prueba a partir de la curva ROC ( .93). A partir de aquí, se fijó en los 8 puntos, sobre una puntuación máxima de 10, el punto de corte óptimo para determinar si el paciente puede presentar presbiacusia (sensibilidad = 94% y especificidad 62%). Para finalizar el estudio, se evaluó la fiabilidad de la prueba mediante una rho de Spearman (=.96). Por todo ello, se podría concluir que el TPPS puede ser efectivo como prueba de cribado para la detección de la presbiacusia.
Warehouse Manager Selection by CRITIC-MULTIMOORA Hybrid Method based on Single-Valued Neutrosophic Sets
Authors: KARA Karahan , YALÇIN Galip Cihan , EDİNSEL Sercan
Published: January 2023

Warehouses are junction points in the supply chain. To avoid disruptions in the supply chain flow, the materials stored in the warehouse must be safely protected and made available for the next transportation activity. Warehouse personnel are critical in ensuring full-time material flow. For the administrative dimension, warehouse managers are the leaders responsible for the successful execution of all warehouse input-output processes. Therefore, a successful warehouse manager is needed for successful warehouse operations. The aim of this research is to determine the warehouse manager selection criteria and to select the best warehouse manager among the candidate with using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods as a hybrid. In the literature, it is seen that the manager selection problem is overseen with various MCDM methods. In this study, eight warehouse manager selection criteria were determined and their weights were calculated by the criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation based on single-valued neutrosophic set method (SVNS-CRITIC) method. Four alternatives were ranked with the multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis based on single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNS-MULTIMOORA) method. The manager selection was made for the general warehouse owned by a company operating in Turkey. A team consisting of two experts and a proficient manager was established to evaluate the candidates. As a result of the application, the most important warehouse manager selection criterion is determined as the skills of managers to manage warehouse input-output and storage activities. In addition, the best manager candidate was determined for the general warehouse. According to the results of the research, suggestions were developed for warehouse manager candidates and researchers. With this research, it has been brought to the literature that warehouse manager selection criteria and SVNS-CRITIC-MULTIMOORA hybrid method can be used in manager selection problems.
Tribotechnical Diagnostics – Engine Oil (MO) Characteristics Control Mogul Diesel DT SAE 20W50 T-72
Authors:   Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefánik, Dolinaj Viktor , Marko Miroslav ,   Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefánik
Published: January 2023

This work is performed by tribotechnical diagnostics, specifically by checking the properties of motor oil type Mogul Diesel DT SAE 20W-50 used in heavy combat equipment, such as the T-72M1 tank. The work consists of expressing basic knowledge about measuring devices, which were used in the measurements and their properties and their operation. The work also contains basic knowledge about the measured liquid, which is a necessary aspect for the possibility of performing measurements. The practical part of this work consists of measurements and more detailed specification of oil properties and monitoring of its gradual degradation with the help of individual measuring instruments. All measurements were performed in the diagnostics laboratory of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik (hereinafter„AFA”) in Liptovský Mikuláš.
Pengaruh Gengsi, Diskon, dan Literasi Keuangan Terhadap Perilaku Konsumerisme Generasi Z di Kalangan Mahasiswa Manajemen
Authors: Marpaung Khairani , Fadhila Rahma Tri Inda
Published: January 2023

The research objectives were to determine the effect of prestige on consumerism behavior of generation Z in management students, to determine the effect of discounts on consumer behavior of generation Z on management students, to determine the effect of financial literacy on consumer behavior of generation Z among management student. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The research sample used the probability sampling method with the results of 278 student respondents. The data analysis technique used path coefficients and smartPLS bootstrapping 3. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that prestige, discounts, and financial literacy influence the consumer behavior of generation Z in among management students. Therefore, prestige, discounts, and financial literacy can increase generation Z consumer behavior among management students. Seeing the results of this study illustrating students who deepening economic-related science can also be affected and falling in the cycle of cultural cyrocermism and indicate that this consumerism behavior is still attached to generation Z. The future researchers hopes as a student or I can handle the tendency to behave consuming excessively.
Analisis Strategi Marketing Dalam Meningkatkan Volume Penjualan Produk Cat Jotun
Authors: Safitri Mega , Juliati Nasution Yenni Samri
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui menganalisis pelaksanaan strategi marketing  dalam meningkatkan volume penjualan produk cat Jotun  pada CV. Tebar Jalur Mas dan untuk mengetahui perkembangan volume penjualan produk cat Jotun  pada CV. Tebar Jalur Mas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data diperoleh dengan cara melakukan studi kepustakaan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data (menarik kesimpulan). Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu Strategi pemasaran yang diterapkan oleh CV. Tebar Jalur Mas dalam meningkatkan volume penjualan adalah yaitu terdiri dari strategi produk, strategi harga, strategi distribusi, dan strategi promosi. Perkembangan penjualan produk cat Jotun  pada CV. Tebar Jalur Mas mengalami peningkatan tertinggi pada tahun 2020 yaitu meningkat sebesar 26 persen, kemudian peningkatan terendah terjadi pada tahun 2021 yaitu penjualan menurun sebesar 8 persen. Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini yaitu CV. Tebar Jalur Mas menerapkan 4 (empat) strategi pemasaran yang berperan penting dalam meningkatkan volume penjualan nya, yaitu meliputi : 1). Strategi produk yang terdiri dari strategi diversifikasi produk dan diferensiasi produk, 2). Strategi harga yang terdiri dari strategi penyesuaian, 3). Strategi distribusi dimana alurnya di mulai dari produsen, agen, pedagang besar, pengecer, dan konsumen, 4). Strategi promosi yang terdiri dari promosi penjualan, penjualan personal, dan pemasaran langsung.
TÜRK KURTULUŞ SAVAŞI’NDA TÜRK-SOVYET YAKINLAŞMASI VE MOSKOVA ANTLAŞMASI
Authors: ÜNAL Muharrem Selçuk
Published: January 2023

I. Dünya Savaşı sonrası İtilaf Devletleri ile Osmanlı Devleti arasında imzalanan Mondros Ateşkes Antlaşması’ndan hemen sonra müttefik kuvvetler Anadolu topraklarını yer yer işgale başlamıştı. 15 Mayıs 1919’da İngiliz ve Fransızların desteği ile Yunanlılar tarafından başlatılan İzmir’in işgali ile Osmanlı Devleti neredeyse tam bir çıkmaza girmişti. Akabinde, bir görev talimatı ile Samsun’a görevlendirilen Mustafa Kemal, ülkenin geleceği için ‘tam bağımsızlık kararı’ alarak Samsun’dan Kurtuluş Savaşı’nı başlatmıştı. Ancak, yapılacak bağımsızlık mücadelesinin başarılmasında mali desteğin yanında elde mevcut silah ve cephaneye ilave olarak, farklı cins ve çapta silah ve cephane ile çeşitli harp malzemelerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktaydı. Bu mücadelede dönemin koşulları ve karşılıklı menfaatleri Türkiye ve Rusya’yı birbirine yakınlaştırmıştı. Böylece, Kurtuluş Savaşının mevcut ikliminde Rusya ile kurulan temas önem kazanmıştı. İhtiyaç duyulan harp silah ve cephanesinin Rusya’dan temini çerçevesinde ortaya konan çalışmanın amacı; Milli Mücadele örgütlenme döneminden 16 Mart 1921 Moskova Antlaşması’nın imzalanmasına kadar geçen süreçte her iki ülkenin birbirlerine yakınlaşma sebepleri, yapılan resmi ve gayri resmi görüşmeler, görüşmelerin kesilmesi, tekrar başlaması ve sonuçlanmasında etken olan olayları analiz etmektir.
Analysis of the main provisions of the article LS-722 ‛‛Microbiocenosis of Anthropogenically Transformed Soils”
Authors: Maxim Viktorovich Larionov
Published: January 2023

Relevance of the topic: Soils are complex bio-inert systems. The biological component in them is a factor of resource value and stability of soil ecosystems. The authors have chosen interesting objects for research from the point of view of soil science, soil biology and oxicology. The study of microbiocenoses in soils is always relevant. Since it is a complex biological marker of geochemical processes and stability. In view of the significant variability of the pedosphere and directly soil biota, the study of representatives of the microbiota is an important area in soil science. And this is at any time. In addition, this study can be a scientific basis for soil bioremediation directly within the framework of environmental design in the territories of treatment facilities and other technospheric facilities.
Sistema distribuido de sensores de bajo consumo para monitorear variables ambientales en espacios interiores
Authors: Palacios Oliver , Plaza Vargas Angel Marcel , Lino Castillo Katty Nancy
Published: January 2023

En la actualidad, los estudios de las condiciones de aire enambientes internos son asuntos de gran importancia, debido a que la mayoríade las personas permanecen durante el día en lugares cerrados, tales comoedificios, casas, aulas, oficinas, etc. Este artículo describe el desarrollo de unprototipo de una red distribuida de sensores medio ambientales, los cuales seencargan de medir las variables ambientales de humedad y temperatura, consensores eficientes, de bajo costo y bajo consumo energético. Este sistemapermite monitorear tres puntos distintos dentro de un entorno ambientaldiferente, ubicados en sitios estratégicos, logrando así obtener una muestradiferente. Los prototipos captan las mediciones de las variables ambientalesy las registra en una base de datos contenida en un servidor web para despuésser presentada al usuario final; estas mediciones se realizan y visualizan entiempo real
Las TICs en la gestión de recursos humanos
Authors: Cruz Cruz Josué , Parrales Aldo , Zambrano Silva Dennis
Published: January 2023

En la actualidad la tecnología impulsa de manera contundente, los cambios en las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYMEs) generando un gran impacto en los recursos humanos. Esta breve revisión evalúa las ventajas y desventajas de la tecnología de recursos humanos para apoyar la toma de decisiones y la formación en las PYMEs. En este trabajo, se determinan los conceptos y los factores que lideran las aplicaciones de tecnologías basadas en las TIC’s en recursos humanos para un negocio exitoso, y cómo se pueden aplicar para optimizar la gestión de la fuerza laboral y el proceso de toma de decisiones. Los hallazgos sugieren, que los beneficios percibidos de adoptar tecnologías basadas en las TIC’s, están captando la atención de más PYMEs, incluso en países en desarrollo como Ecuador.
Procedimiento para el pronóstico de la demanda en una MIPYME cubana
Authors: Fernández Cabrera Jimmy Ernesto , Llanes Aramis Alfonso , Ramos Gómez Rafael A.
Published: January 2023

La previsión de la demanda resulta un elemento fundamental en la planificación de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (Mypimes). En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar el pronóstico de la demanda mensual de la producción terminada en una empresa manufacturera de calzado, utilizando el herramental metodológico que más se adecue a las condiciones de la entidad objeto de estudio. El procedimiento propuesto permite la selección del modelo de pronóstico que mejor se adecue a las especificidades de la demanda, así como desarrolla un grupo de ecuaciones que facilitan el desarrollo del pronóstico considerando los patrones de tendencia y estacionalidad predominantes en la serie de datos históricos. La aplicación práctica de la propuesta pone de relieve la ventaja de adoptar técnicas, métodos y herramientas de la Administración de Operaciones en las Mypimes. Con dicha aplicación, en una empresa manufacturera de calzados, se logra identificar el método de pronóstico más adecuado según los parámetros característicos de la demanda estudiada (tendencia y estacionalidad), así como realizar la previsión de las ventas mensuales de zapatos para el año 2022 con un nivel de precisión estimado acertado (según la medida de error considerada).
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING RECIPROCAL TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT SECOND GRADE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
Authors: Fajariyah Kinanatul , Sy Evha Nazalatus
Published: January 2023

English is very important for communication. People can express their ideas to communicate. Communication speaks with others. It means that language should be learned by people around the world. Reading is one of the daily activities in human life. Teaching reading English can improve the other skills especially for listening, writing, and speaking. The purpose of reading is to help the reader comprehend the text. In addition, reading gives someone for information and for pleasure. This study is aimed at finding is the effectiveness of using Reciprocal Teaching in teaching descriptive text at the second grade English Department of Madura University in the academic year of 2020/2021. Reciprocal Teaching has four techniques. They are predicting, questioning, clarifying, And summarizing. The researcher used quantitative research, one group pre-test post-test . The population of this research is all students of the English department Of Madura University. The sample was one class; the Second grade of the English department. To analyzing the data, the researcher used SPSS V.16. This research was conducted by giving a pre-test, applying an experiment using reciprocal teaching, and giving a post-test. The data were analyzed using the t-test formula to determine the effectiveness of using reciprocal teaching. The results showed that the average value of the pre-test was 47.4 then after being given the reciprocal teaching technique, the students were given a post-test with an average score of 89.9. The value of the Normality test using the reciprocal teaching technique is 0.795 > 0.05 (Asymp. Sig. (2tailed)). Then, for the significant homogeneity test 0.205 > 0.05 (Asymp. Sig. (2tailed)). Then, for the Hypothesis Test value of (0.000) < 0.005 (Asymp. Sig. (2tailed)) So there is a significant difference between learning descriptive text not using reciprocal teaching technique and descriptive text learning using a reciprocal teaching technique.
ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN THE BUMI MANUSIA FILM BY HANUNG BRAMANTYO
Authors: Devanty Talullah Janna Delian , Budiharto R Agus
Published: January 2023

There are many kinds of literary work such as novel, poem, film, etc. Sometimes in the work there is a usage of many languages because of the idea and the creativity of the creators to make their project different from others’. For example, Bumi Manusia film which the characters have different ethnic or racial background so there is many different languages used. This makes code switching and code mixing happened. This study aims to find the use of code switching and code mixing in the film Bumi Manusia, then determine each type based on the selected reference, then determine the reasons for using code switching and code mixing in the film.This research was conducted by watching movies repeatedly, recording dialogues or conversations which are code switching and code mixing, determining the data for each type (whether including code switching or code mixing), after that determining the types and finally analyzing the causes of its use. The results show that the use of code-switching in the film Bumi Manusia is more than the use of code-mixing. And the reason for using code switching and code mixing the most widely used is because of solidarity and to soften or strengthen requests or command.