bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Step Towards BIM Models in Major Bridge Design
Authors: Ravn Uffe Graaskov , Löhning Thomas , Sørensen Jesper Warschow
Published: November 2022

The design of the world record 1915 Çanakkale Bridge is an example of the first steps towards using a BIM for a major bridge design. The model developed by COWI has been used to create 2D drawings and bar bending schedules, to manage interfaces and to check constructability, as well as health and safety related checks for working in congested space. Furthermore, it has proved to be an effective tool in communication with the project's stakeholders.

This paper describes where BIM has been applied in the design of the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge. Here special focus is on the construction of the plinth of the tower foundations where the contractor prefabricated the reinforcement cage for each plinth onshore, including all cast-in items and the steel form work and then lifted the whole assembly (18m in diameter) into place off-shore using a floating crane.
Pseudo-Static Tests of Precast Bridge Pier with Half Grouted Sleeves
Authors: Gao Qi , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Tao , Yan Xingfei , Yang Tong
Published: November 2022

The seismic performance of precast bridge piers with half grouted sleeves is studied by quasi-static test and compared with precast bridge pier with full grouted sleeves. The main failure modes of the precast bridge pier with half grouted sleeves are concrete crushing failure at the joint of column-to- footing and bond-slip failure of the longitudinal reinforcements in the half sleeves, there is no obvious crushing and spalling of the pier concrete. The ultimate horizontal strength of the precast bridge pier with half sleeves is small and shows a rapid decline trend after reaching the ultimate strength, hysteresis loops are flat and narrow while the residual displacement is small. On the whole, the seismic performance of the precast piers connected by half grouted sleeves is weak due to the bond-slip of the longitudinal bars in the half grouted sleeves. further researches are needed for precast bridge piers with half grouted sleeves without bond-slip behaviour.
Automatic Production Process and Quality Control of Large Bridge Component Factory
Authors: Sun Hai-peng , Shi Lei
Published: November 2022

In order to meet the needs of rapid bridge construction and structural reliability, this paper studies the automatic production technology of bridge components from three aspects: production pro- cess, quality assurance and information management based on small and medium-span bridge components. In the production process, in addition to the necessary automatic pouring of compo- nents, high-temperature steam curing and secondary tensioning are used to achieve intelligent and rapid production of components. Quality Assurance ensures a reliable build by analyzing con- crete maintenance needs and subsequent quality issues that may occur. Information management improves the production quality management control of assembly parts by establishing an auto- mated production information framework for bridge components.
Key technology for the construction of distributed pressure slurry extra-long pile foundation in Yellow River Wetland Reserve
Authors: Qi Wang , He Jiangping , Mu Yaoqing
Published: November 2022

In view of a series of pile foundation construction problems such as the high environmental protection requirements of the Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve, the first application of distributed post-grouting technology in China, and the difficulty in implementing the traditional method of removing steel casings, this project creatively developed a self-circulating mud system; using distributed Post-grouting technology, the grouting tube and the acoustic measuring tube are combined into one, the pile side and pile end are grouted simultaneously, and the intelligent construction technology is used to monitor and control the grouting process in real time; by using the air compressor air cap technology Remove the steel guard. Finally, the construction of 72 pile foundations of the main bridge was realized, which provided a reference for the construction of pile foundations of the same type, especially the Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve.
Seismic Behavior Analysis of a Novel Elastic-Plastic Structure Damping Bearing
Authors: Meng Liu , Wang Junjie
Published: November 2022

A novel elastic-plastic sphere bearing with given fusing capacity is proposed in this paper, which can simultaneously control the pier damage and the relative displacement between girder and pier. To investigate the performance of the novel bearing developed in this paper, the compression-shear tests are carried out. It shows that the robustness of shear capacity of the fusing system is validated by the experimental test results，the expected goals of displacement and energy-dissipation of steel- ring damper elements are also achieved. To further illustrate the efficacy of proposed bearing in simultaneously controlling pier damage and displacement of girder, the demonstration case using a continuous girder bridge model is presented. It shows that the seismic behavior of bridges can be controlled by using the novel elastic-plastic sphere bearing developed in the paper.
Design Method and Finite Element Analysis of Precast Longitudinal Split-Piece Cover Beam
Authors: Mao Qianyi , Xu Dong , Jin Yongxue
Published: November 2022

In order to reduce the weight of prefabricated cover girders and solve the construction problem that it is difficult to realize one-time prefabricated assembly of large cantilever concrete cover girders, urban viaducts usually use large cantilever prestressed concrete cover girders. Taking a 2×30m simply-supported girder bridge as the superstructure, the paper proposes a precast longitudinal split type cover girder, and uses the large general finite element analysis software WISEPLUS to establish a finite element model to simulate and adjust the structural structure, prestressing distribution, and construction stage division of each cover girder (single 1,0m, 0,9m, 0,8m), and the cover girder under this design method in the construction stage and The design method is used to verify the feasibility and reasonableness of the design scheme, and to provide methods and references for similar designs.
Structural Design and Analysis of Orthotropic Steel-SSDC Composite Deck Used for the Widening of the Songpu Bridge
Authors: Zhang Chunlei , Shao Changyu , Su Qingtian , Wang Qian , Dai Changyuan
Published: November 2022

The old Songpu Bridge was a double-deck railway-highway combined steel truss bridge. In the widening and renovation project of Songpu Bridge, the upper deck, which carries highway traffic, was widened from 12 m to 24.5 m. To achieve an appropriate self-weight and better durability, a kind of orthotropic composite deck was used for the reconstructed upper deck; this deck consists of an 80 mm-thick low-shrinkage high-strength ductile concrete (SSDC) layer and orthotropic steel deck plates. Three types of SSDC materials with different composition and mechanical properties are adopted in regions with different tensile stress levels. The detailed design and key considerations of the composite deck are introduced in this paper. Finite element analysis of the composite deck is carried out, and the models and results are presented.
Mobile 3D Printing Techniques for Construction Engineering: Outdoor Navigation and Printing Quality Control
Authors: Qi Ligang , Bai Jie , Huang Qinglong , Yang Yan , Han Lifang , Yang Shuo , Yue Chengtao , Yan Zhongxiang
Published: November 2022

In traditional three-dimensional (3D) printing, large-size 3D print machines, restricted print sizes of structural components and unstable printing quality limit its application in construction engineering. This paper proposes a mobile 3D printing technique for construction engineering. In this technique, a mobile 3D printing construction robot (M3DPC-Rob) is developed that takes advantage of a movable platform and flexible mechanical arm to cover the printing range of ordinary residential buildings. In order to locate the robot accurately in outdoor environments, an outdoor positioning and navigation method based on reflective columns is proposed. Furthermore, a quality control process is developed and modified to improve the quality of the printed line width. The results of a case study reveal that the outdoor navigation and printing quality control techniques of M3DPC- Rob show sufficient and steady accuracy that meet the requirements of construction engineering.
Intelligent Upgrading and Application of Bridge Video Surveillance System Based on Computer Vision
Authors: Chen Yuan , Xue Xiankai , Wang Yongwei , Zhu Hao
Published: November 2022

The rapid development of computer vision provides a foundation for the intelligent upgrading of bridge video surveillance systems. In this paper, two intelligent upgrading methods were developed and deployed. The first method uses edge computing equipment as the core, to quickly identify and locate vehicles across the large-span bridge by YOLOv5, which was trained by synthesized vehicle dataset, and then a large-span bridge vehicle digital twin system was built and deployed in Baijusi Yangtze River Bridge, which is suitable for scenarios with high real-time requirements. The another one is based on cloud computing, relying on ShuffleNetV2 to build a waterlogging recognition model and early warning system, which is suitable for scenarios with low real-time requirements. The results show that the constructed intelligent system upgrades the traditional passive access system to an early warning system with active recognition, which improves the intelligence of the system and meets the needs of engineering applications.
Aerodynamic Parameter Identification and Flutter Performance Prediction of Closed Box Girder Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Neyu , Ge Yaojun
Published: November 2022

A bridge wind resistance database has been built based on the wind tunnel testing results of 20 long-span bridges. The artificial intelligence models for identifying aerostatic coefficients and flutter derivatives of close box girders are trained and developed via machine learning methods, including error back propagation neural network based on Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and gradient boosting decision tree. The identification of the aerostatic coefficients can be achieved with high accuracy. For flutter derivatives, the model can also explore the underlying distribution of dataset. In this way, the present research work can make the identification of aerodynamic parameters separated from tedious wind tunnel test and complex numerical simulation to some extent. It can also provide a convenient and feasible option for expanding data sets of aerodynamic parameters. In addition, it can help determine the appropriate shape of the box girder cross-section in preliminary design stage of long-span bridge and provide the necessary reference for the aerodynamic shape optimization by modifying local geometric features of the cross-section to evaluate the influence of the aerodynamic shape on flutter performance.
Validation and Updating of Regional Bridge Deterioration Model Incorporating Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Lei Xiaoming , Xia Ye , Sun Limin
Published: November 2022

Civil infrastructure has aided economic development and social progress. Existing reinforced concrete beam bridges undoubtedly suffer the damages due to loads, structural defects, etc. To increase the accuracy of safety assessments, a reliable bridge deterioration model is required. This study presents a technique for validating and updating the regional bridge deterioration model by using monitoring data from a few bridges in the area. This method avoids data-level fusion and instead employs model-level fusion. In model validation, it makes full use of the depth of individual bridge monitoring data as well as the breadth of bridge group inspection data. The suggested method is validated in a case study including regional bridges in Northern China. When the number of monitored individual bridges grows, the validation and correction of the regional bridge deterioration model will be more effective.
A New Clustering Method for Damage Assessment of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Using Piezoelectric Transducers and a Wireless Impedance- Admittance Monitoring System
Authors: Sapidis M. G. , Naoum M. C. , Papadopoulos N. A. , Chalioris C. E.
Published: November 2022

Nowadays there is an extended need for real-time applications of Structural Health Monitoring in existing concrete structures. This paper deals with the application of a new, low-cost and wireless SHM system that utilises small-sized piezoelectric transducers for continuous damage assessment of Fibre Reinforced Concrete specimen. A PZT-based Wireless impedance-Admittance Monitoring System used for detection of damage degree due to concrete cracking. The Electro-Mechanical Impedance signatures of an array of externally bonded PZT sensors in FRC specimen subjected to four-point bending in several damage states. Quantitative damage evaluation is achieved using the frequency signal measurements of the PZT transducers and comparisons of several commonly statistical indexes. Further, a new damage index based on k-means clustering methods that provides more reliable results on damage identification is also proposed and evaluated herein.
Detection Algorithm of Structural Surface Cracks Based on Class Activation Map
Authors: Xu Boqiang , Liu Chao
Published: November 2022

The computer vision algorithm based on deep learning has achieved excellent performance in structural surface damage detection, but the accurate detection algorithm has high requirements for the quantity and quality of data sets. This paper presents a method based on class activation map (CAM), which can detect the crack position and distribution only by image-level data labeling. Firstly, a classification model Vgg16-Crack is trained based on the transfer learning method, and the accuracy and generalization ability of the model are tested by the confusion matrix. Then, based on the CAM algorithm, this paper improves and optimizes the current Grad-CAM++ algorithm, and takes the CAM generated by Vgg16-Crack as the result of crack detection. Finally, the method proposed in this paper is tested in the field. The test result shows that the method proposed in this paper can realize the accurate detection of structural surface cracks.
Computer-Vision-Based Real-Time Rock Fragment Recognition During Tunnel Excavation
Authors: Yang Xu , Hui Li , Qiao Weidong
Published: November 2022

Timely recognition of rock fragments can help predict the deformation of the tunnel during tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunneling. Traditional manual inspection highly relies on subjective judgments of operators and conducting sieving tests is not real-time. Rock fragments in the real- world are often observed against a dark background, distributed with high size diversity, complicatedly distributed, and blocked by each other. This study proposes a computer vision-based method for on-site rock fragments recognition. The proposed method consists of an image pre- processing module, an instance segmentation model, and a post-processing module. The results show that the pixel-level rock fragment recognition takes 0.15s for processing a 512×512 patch on average and 88% of rock fragments can be recognized. The predicted size distributions of the major and minor axis lengths of the rock fragments fit well with the ground-truth ones statistically.
A novel portable vision-based bridge weigh in motion method
Authors: Ji Yupeng , Wang Dalei , Liu Jiucai , Pan Yue
Published: November 2022

Accurate vehicle load information is critical for bridge maintenance. On the one hand, traditional weigh-in-motion (WIM) and bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM) have certain limitations due to their high cost and complicated installation. On the other hand, targetless contactless bridge weigh-in- motion(CBWIM) is easy to install, but due to the lack of marker points and low image quality, resulting in poor recognition accuracy, it cannot be widely promoted. In this paper, we propose a novel portable vision-based bridge weigh-in-motion method(PBWIM). First, a high-precision image encoding system and illumination-invariant infrared target device were developed, which were installed at the bottom of the beam. Then, the target tracking algorithm based on improved geometric matching automatically identifies the target point image and calculates the actual displacement to obtain the deflection time-history curve. Finally, the accurate vehicle weight is calculated by solving the Tikhonov regularized error equation. After field tests, the results show that the method proposed in this paper has a greater efficiency than the CBWIM algorithm, and can basically achieve the recognition accuracy of the traditional BWIM, and the cost is low, which has a wide range of application and promotion significance.
Uncertainty Minimization Technique for Joint Input-State Estimation Using Dummy Measurements
Authors: Yang Wei
Published: November 2022

Joint input-state estimation algorithm is a Kalman filtering based technique that can be used for the identification of forces applied to a structure together with the unmeasured response quantities of interest. However, when applying this technique, displacement or strain measurements have to be used in order to guarantee the stability conditions. This paper presents a joint input-state estimation algorithm that uses dummy displacement or strain measurements to yield stable results. The quantification of the estimation uncertainty originating from the errors of using dummy measurements is elaborated in this paper. As joint input-state estimation is an on- line algorithm, this paper also provides an updating method to minimize the estimation uncertainty during the real-time estimation. This uncertainty minimization technique that uses dummy measurements in joint input-state estimation is verified using numerical simulations.
Research on Fatigue Vehicle Models of Yangtze River Highway Bridge
Authors: Lv Zhilin , Jiang Xu , Zhou Mukai , Qiang Xuhong
Published: November 2022

In order to propose an equivalent fatigue vehicle suitable for the actual traffic flow, the vehicle load characteristics and fatigue vehicle load models were investigated based on WIM database in a Yangtze River highway bridge. The research results show that the bridge has the characteristics of large traffic volume, high proportion of heavy vehicles and severe overloading. All the vehicles can be divided into 6 types based on the wheelbase, and the fatigue vehicles with an equivalent vehicle weight greater than 10 t accounted for 85.9%, of which 6-axle vehicles dominated the fatigue damage. Compared with the Eurocode’s four-axle standard fatigue vehicle, the single axle weight derived from the actual traffic flow in this paper is 1.30 times that of the standard fatigue load model, which can provide guidance for fatigue design and maintenance of the same type bridges in the area.
Seismic Performance Assessment of Multi-Span Continuous Railway Bridges Across a Symmetrical V-Shaped Canyon Considering the Near-Source Topographic Effect
Authors: Shuai Li , Ming-dong Wang , Fan Zhang , Jing-quan Wang , Yu Zhang , Deng-hui Dai , Ning Zhang , Yu-feng Gao
Published: November 2022

Topographic features have remarkable influences on the characteristics of ground motions, which may cause the amplification of input seismic waves. The objective of this study is to numerically explore the near-source topographic effects on the seismic behaviors of an existing railway bridge crossing a symmetrical V-shaped canyon. Numerical results demonstrated that the topographic effects can noticeably amplify the seismic responses of the bridge. Compared to the bridge without crossing a canyon, the peak displacement of the girder and pier in the case of the canyon- crossing bridge increases by 15.2% and 2.9%-14.5%, respectively. The piers at the illuminated side of the canyon experience larger seismic responses compared to the piers at the shaded side of the canyon due to the unequal motion amplitudes at each support.
Fire Risk Evaluation of Cable Bridges due to Vehicle Fires
Authors: Son Youn Ki , Kim Chang Su , Kim Ho Kyung
Published: November 2022

Cable bridges use multiple cables as main members, and there is a risk of bridge failure in the event of cable loss. To manage the bridge safety from such event, a risk analysis method is necessary. In this study, fire risk analysis was performed on Seohae Bridge, a steel composite cable-stayed bridge, and on Yi Sun-sin Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in Korea. A fire risk analysis method is proposed to determine the final annual frequency of bridge failure. This method calculates the annual frequency of vehicle fires based on statistical data and appropriate assumptions, and determines the conditional probability of exceeding the limit state of the main structural member through fire analysis and bridge structural review. For the statistical data on the annual fire frequency, domestic statistical data were investigated and actual data were analysed and applied, and various probabilities such as oil leakage and ignition probability in the event of an accident were assumed.
Measure the Application of Pre-Stressed CFRP Laminates Using Deep Learning for Computer Vision
Authors: Valença Jónatas , Araújo André , Júlio Eduardo
Published: November 2022

Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with pre-stressed Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates is a well-known application. The development of vision-based approaches for monitoring the strain imposed during the pre-stress application, with the required precision and accuracy, represents an important contribution for the state of the art. A new system, named Strain- Vision, was design and developed tacking into account three main modules: (i) development of a customized high precision strain monitoring CFRP laminates (hpsm-CFRP); (ii) definition of a set-up for image acquisition during pre-stress application; (iii) design of computer vision architecture based on deep learning to measure the strain. The pre-processing of data, to be analysed with an architecture previously training, is herein discussed, aiming to improve the quality and performance of the system without the need for large datasets, usually required in deep learning applications.
Crack Control Technology in Construction of V-Shaped Piers of the Main Bridge of China-Maldives Friendship Bridge
Authors: Xiang Liang , Weng Fangwen , Zheng Hehui
Published: November 2022

The piers no.19~21 of the main bridge of China-Maldives Friendship Bridge are V-shaped piers, which are constructed by the method of "cast-in-place slant legs with cable-stayed connection and hanging section + cast-in-place block no.0 with inner supports". Based on the analysis of the whole construction stage of the bridge by the finite element method, the factors of concrete cracking during the construction of V-shaped piers are grasped. In view of the risk of structural cracks, the scheme of setting prestressed steel beam in the slant legs and accurately controlling the removal time of the cable hanging bracket is adopted to effectively prevent the concrete cracking during the construction of V-shaped piers.
Research on two Parameters Control of Walking-Type Incremental Launching Box Girder
Authors: Zhu Liming , Deng Xinghui , Chen Qinyu , Wu Bo
Published: November 2022

In order to ensure the safe implementation of walking-type incremental launching steel box girder. Taking a simply supported wide steel box girder bridge as an example, this paper analyzes the local stress of the wide steel box girder with four supporting points of walking pusher, and quantitatively determines the three single parameter related control thresholds of lateral deflection, longitudinal pusher asynchrony and vertical lifting asynchrony that are concerned in the construction. Based on the single parameter control research, the two parameters dynamic control threshold range is proposed. The calculation results show that two parameters analysis provides a more reliable means for walking-type incremental launching construction and is a necessary supplement to the conventional single parameter control.
A Novel Method for Generating Apparent Panoramic Image of Real Texture of Concrete Bridge Based on Multi-View Registration
Authors: Wang Dalei , Zhuang Xiaolei , Dong Yiqing , Pan Yue , Xu Xiangdong
Published: November 2022

With the improvement of the informatization and digitization of bridge structures, the importance of technologies such as Building Information Modeling(BIM) and computer vision is constantly increasing. This type of technology all relies on a scan of the structure's appearance. However, based on the principle of optical imaging, there is a contradiction between imaging field of view(FOV) and pixel resolution. Therefore, the existing apparent detection or scanning technology either uses lower pixel resolution to obtain the structured apparent image at the panoramic scale, or a series of scattered high-resolution images in a local area, which has caused two aspect of defects in the detection of apparent damage. On the one hand, low-resolution image data has an adverse effect on the accuracy of deep learning or machine vision models. On the other hand, due to the single surface texture of concrete materials, the number of feature points is scarce in image processing, which reduces the stability of the image stitching algorithm based on feature points. These problems make the apparent images collected in the current inspection work cannot be well applied to the long-term evolution analysis of apparent damage. In order to achieve high-resolution imaging within the panoramic range of the structure, we propose a panoramic image stitching method. Firstly, the traditional single-view imaging is extended to multi-view imaging, and the result images are used for panoramic stitching. Because the feature information in a single image is greatly increased, the stability of the image stitching algorithm based on feature point matching has also been greatly improved. Secondly, through experiments, we determine the number of cameras with the highest efficiency for this novel panoramic image stitching method. Lastly, based on real bridge image data, we evaluate and compare several image stitching algorithms in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and robustness. The experimental results show that this panoramic image stitching method can be well adapted to the apparent scanning task of large-scale components in concrete bridges, and is meaningful for the standardization and automatic acquisition of structural appearance images.
An Experimental Investigation of the Indirect Bridge Frequency Identification
Authors: Jian Xudong , Liu Xinhong , Zhong Jiwei , Wang Yafei , Xia Ye
Published: November 2022

Indirect identification of bridge frequencies, which refers to identifying bridge frequencies from the dynamic responses of a vehicle moving or stopping on the bridge, has the potential to fast inspect bridges in large quantities. Although there have been extensive studies on this topic, most of them are built on theoretic analysis or numerical simulation, which could differ from the situations in real practice. As a complement, this study carries out an experimental investigation of the indirect approach for bridge frequency identification. In the experiments, a normal passenger car instrumented with accelerometers moves and stops on a real bridge for indirect sensing, and a stationary accelerometer is directly deployed on the bridge as a control. Experimental results provide some new insights into the indirect bridge frequency identification from the practical aspect.
A Fully Automated and Noncontact Method for Force Identification of Cables Based on Microwave Radar
Authors: Weng Jing-hang , Chen Lin , Sun Li-Min , Zou Yi-qing , Guo Hui , Zhu Ying
Published: November 2022

This study proposes a full-automated and non-contact cable force identification method based on microwave radar. Several algorithms have been presented for data processing. The time domain data records by microwave radar is firstly transformed into frequency domain by Fast Fourier Transform. Then, the eigen-frequencies are simultaneously identified with the proposed fast sieve method. Subsequently, a novel algorithm using hash map and weighted voting is applied to estimate orders of eigen-frequencies. Finally, the average ratio between eigen-frequencies and their orders is estimated by weighted least square method, and then the cable force is calculated by using cable frequency formulas. The method has been validated by field tests.
Fatigue Performance of Cracked Bridge Diaphragm Repaired by SMA/CFRP Composite Patch
Authors: Qiang Xuhong , Wu Yapeng , Jiang Xu
Published: November 2022

Under long-term service conditions, fatigue cracks are easily generated at the arc-shape cutouts in diaphragm of the orthotropic steel bridge decks when subjected to vehicle-induced vibration and cyclical wheel loads. For repairing cracks in diaphragm, this paper proposes the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets patched crack-stop hole method and shape memory alloys (SMA)/CFRP composite patched crack-stop hole method which introduces prestress by activating SMA. Moreover, in the numerical study the diaphragm model and reinforcement schemes are introduced, and the corresponding finite element model is established. The failure modes and fatigue lives of diaphragm specimens under different repair methods were obtained and compared by fatigue loading tests. It can be found that the bonding of CFRP sheets and SMA/CFRP composite patches can effectively postone the initiation of fatigue cracks and inhibit the propagation of cracks, which are ideal repair methods for strengthening the fatigue cracks of diaphragms in orthotropic steel bridge decks.
Lifting and Rehabilitation of 5 Highway Overpasses in Brazil
Authors: Boecker Caio Nogaroli , Melo Marcelo , Casagrande João Luís , Chaves Leonardo Patrício
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the structural solution for the lifting and rehabilitation of 5 overpasses crossing a Federal Highway, located in the south part of Brazil. All structures were built in the 1960s, a period in which the design practice required a minimum height of 5,0 m to allow the flow of vehicles under the deck. Due to the recent expansion of taller vehicles and increment of traffic in the region, the highway administrator, in order to meet the space requirements of 5,5 m, financed both project and construction works. The main requirement was to carry out the entire construction without causing the interruption of traffic under the overpasses. The proposed solution included: preliminary static load tests, construction of corbels to support hydraulic jacks, localized strengthening of structural components, replacement of the originally designed fixed bearings by new elastomeric bearings and the heightening of the piers using steel plates as reinforcement.
Resilience Quantification Based on Monitoring & Prediction Data Using Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Achillopoulou Dimitra V. , Stamataki Nikoleta K. , Psathas Anastasios-Panagiotis , Iliadis Lazaros , Karabinis Athanasios
Published: November 2022

Lately, there is an increasing demand for resilient infrastructure assets. To support the documentation of resilience, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) data is a necessity, as well as traffic loads. Those diagnosis and function data can be the basis for the prognosis of future prediction for the performance of the assets. Towards this direction, this paper develops a new methodology that uses real monitoring data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms to quantify the resilience based on future traffic load predictions of functionality. It includes the case study of the “Hollandse Brug” bridge in the Netherlands considering strains and traffic load predictions and other external. Resilience is derived as a function of both functional and structural parameters throughout the lifecycle. The quantification is supported by sustainability indices and key performance indicators representing the traffic flow, the structural integrity and the sustainability level of the asset.
Technical Research on OVM250 PSC System with High Fatigue Strength and Full Life Cycle Durability
Authors: Yiqing Zou , Yunyou Yan , Lei Qin , Qi Su , Ruijian Pang , Huaping Li , Yongquan Zhu
Published: November 2022

With the development of modern long-span cable-stayed bridges, due to the Parallel strand cable (PSC) being assembled on-site strand by strand, which has the advantages such as no need for large-scale equipment for cable-making, delivery, hoisting, traction, tensioning, and the corrosion protection of the cable is excellent, it is more and more favored by designers.

As the load-bearing components, the stay cables are known as the life cable of the cable- stayed bridge. Its reliability and durability are the key factors that determine the safety and the service life of the cable-stayed bridge. In accordance with the requirements specified in international recommendations, in-depth research has been carried out on cable fatigue, anti- corrosion, vibration control to optimize OVM250 PSC system. All research results have been successfully applied to cable stayed bridge projects.
Effect of Seismic Isolation Bearings on the Potential Pounding between Adjacent Girders for Long-Length Girder Bridge Systems
Authors: Chen Xiaohu , Deng Yu , Guo Wei , Chen Xu
Published: November 2022

Research on seismic-isolated bridges concerning potential pounding between adjacent units remains limited to date, especially for long-length girder bridge systems consisting of several long- span girder bridges where the wave passage effect is of great significance. To investigate the effect of seismic isolation bearings on the potential pounding between adjacent girders considering the wave passage effect, a finite element model of a bridge system consisting of two box-girder bridges and one long-span hybrid truss-box girder bridge is developed. The results show that under uniform excitations the seismic isolation bearings can reduce the relative displacement at expansion joints and thus improve the performance against pounding. However, the wave passage effect can increase the deformation demands of the expansion joints and improve the probability of pounding even though seismic isolation bearings are used, especially for the low apparent wave velocities.
Reconnaissance Report on Damage of Bridges in 2021 Maduo, China, Earthquake
Authors: Wang Jingcheng , Guan Zhongguo , Bao Shaolun , Cheng Litao
Published: November 2022

A powerful earthquake occurred in Maduo, Qinghai Province, China, on May 22, 2021. Bridges at the earthquake-stricken area were damaged or even collapsed. Post-earthquake field investigations of damaged bridges were conducted by the authors during May 28-30, 2021. This is a reconnaissance report on the damage to two typical girder bridges near the epicenter as well as possible damage mechanisms. It is found that the velocity pulse effect of near-fault ground motions could trigger excessive longitudinal displacements and severe pounding of superstructures of long multi-span girder bridges. Abutments could effectively reduce longitudinal seismic damage of short girder bridges through providing sufficient translational restraints.
Parametric Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (TMDI) to Mitigate the Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Long-Span Bridge
Authors: Zhang Daguang , Zhang Lianzhen , Peng Sijie
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an inerter is incorporated into the conventional TMD system, and the performance of the novel inerter-based system, namely tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI), for the VIV mitigation of long-span bridges has been studied. A suspension bridge is taken as a numerical example to verify the performance of TMDI, and the optimal parameters of TMDI are determined by the genetic algorithm. A parametric analysis of the control effect of TMDI is conducted to investigate the influence of the mass ratio and inertance ratio of TMDI on its static deformation, control effect, stroke and control force. The results show that with the same mass ratio, TMDI is slightly less effective than TMD, but it can still significantly reduce the vibration amplitude of the bridge deck. The static deformation and stroke of TMDI are much smaller than that of TMD, which saves installation space and makes it more suitable for the vertical vibration control of long-span bridges.
Effect of Firewall on a Suspension Bridge under Vehicle Fire
Authors: Choi Keunki , Lee Jungwhee , Chung Chul-Hun , Yoon Jaeyong
Published: November 2022

In this study, a firewall was proposed as such countermeasure against the risk of vehicle fires on a suspension bridge, and the effect of the firewall was investigated by CFD analyses considering the proposed firewall. CFD analyses results, it is observed that temperatures exceeding the regulation of PTI standards (300℃) occur in the tanker fire scenario. Thus, countermeasures are required in this case. Therefore, analyses of the cases with firewall were performed, and it was confirmed that installing a firewall reduces the maximum temperature of the cable. Finally, the optimal dimensions of the firewall were suggested through a parametric study of a series of CFD analyses. In the future, if additional CFD analyses for various scenarios and assessment of wind stability considering the firewall installation are performed, it is expected that the cable members of the actual cable- supported bridges can effectively be protected from vehicle fire.
Fatigue Crack Propagation Characteristics of the Deck to Longitudinal Rib Weld in Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck
Authors: Chen Hui , Yu Li , Mao Yubo , Li Puyu , Wang Chunsheng
Published: November 2022

In order to investigate the fatigue crack propagation characteristic of the rib-to-deck joint consider- ing welding residual stress, the finite element model of the orthotropic steel bridge deck was estab- lished for the typical box girder of a cable-stayed bridge. Considering the effect coupled with the residual stress field, the initial crack and the fatigue load, the fatigue crack propagation at the rib- to-deck joint was simulated based upon the extended finite element method (XFEM). The simulation result of the residual stress shows that there is a large residual tensile stress in the welding area of the rib-to-deck detail, and the peak value of the Von-Mises stress at the rib-to-deck joint close to the yield stress of Q345 material. The results of fatigue crack propagation behaviour display that the fatigue crack at the weld toe is led by mode I, which could keep in the plane during the crack prop- agation. And the fatigue crack at the weld root is mix mode I-III crack led by mode I, which cannot keep in the plane during the crack propagation, but slightly deflection.
Risk Management Methodology on Road Infrastructure (GRDR). Application on Mountain Tunnels and Bridges, Valparaíso Region, Chile
Authors: Pinto Hernan , Jorquera Lorena , Valenzuela Matias , Moraga Paola , Alvarez Flavio , Márquez Marcelo
Published: November 2022

After the extreme weather events of 2015 and 2017 in the north of Chile involving heavy rain and debris flood, the Ministry of Public Works launched a Risk assessment program on road infrastructure in order to reduce the risk and provide a list of structures in the national network that could be affected by natural hazards. From 2015 to 2019, GRDR methodology was proposed considering the identification of the damage index (vulnerability) and the frequent natural and made-man hazard (debris flood, flood, fire, among other) applied on tunnels, bridges and other road structures. The GRDR was applied as complement of the current inspections and studies of probabilistic method to identify the hazards. From 2019 a collaboration between MOP and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso updated the GRDR methodology including automatization of the acquisition data, review of the algorithm of weight and the study of specific natural hazards. Within this framework, it was determined that the Valparaíso Region of Chile would be the pilot plan in order to apply and calibrate the updated GRDR. This paper presents the results of the application and calibration of the GRDR on two critical roads of Valparaíso Region. An analysis of the inspection using UAV, Thermal camera, GRDR platform among other is carried out. The results of the methodology implemented on Las Palmas Tunnel, Pudehue Bridge (Road Bridge converted from railway structure) and structures in Quebrada Alvarado (gorges) are presented. Also, final comments to improve the GRDR are carried out.
Compassion: Essence of Beauty from Triunity of Bridge-CAD
Authors: Teng Zhibo
Published: November 2022

In the research process of bridge-CAD, through the analysis of the results from penman’s new concept for bridge triunity, it is concluded that the essence of beauty is compassion originally being “karun!a” in Sanskrit, and this conclusion is primarily verified. This study is of positive significance to the cultural self-confidence of Chinese nation.
Application And Innovation of High-Strength Concrete in High-Rise Building Structures
Authors: Xiao Cong-zhen , Li Jian-hui , Li Yin-bin , Wei Yue , Sun Chao
Published: November 2022

In the process of popularization and application of high-strength materials, it is often difficult to design their strength and ductility. Starting from the seismic design of complex high-rise building structures, this paper proposes a performance-based design method based on the predetermined yield mode, which can comprehensively consider the strength and ductility of structural members. On the basis of this seismic design method, a high-strength concrete high-rise energy dissipation structural system and a high-performance assembled high-rise building structural system are proposed that can give full play to the strength of high-strength materials and the ductility of energy dissipation members. The research results can provide technical support for the application of high-strength concrete in high-rise building structures.
Innovative Technologies for Construction of the Pingnan Third Bridge
Authors: Tu Bing , Zheng Jielian
Published: November 2022

The main bridge of the Pingnan Third Bridge is a half-through concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge with a world-largest effective span of 560 m. Due to the significant breakthrough in span and the adverse environmental features of construction site, many technological difficulties were encountered in construction of the Pingnan Third Bridge. Accordingly, systematic innovative technologies on design, construction, material and management of large-span CFST arch bridges were proposed, and fairly remarkable technological and economic benefits were achieved in this bridge. Meanwhile, considering the proposed technologies have solved several key general bottlenecks of extra-large arch bridges, especially CFST arch bridges, the technologies can also be good references for other similar bridges in the future.
Innovative Design for Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge
Authors: Xu Gongyi , Zhang Yanfei , Hu Huiyue , Liu Yang
Published: November 2022

Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 938 m, which is the fifth largest cable-stayed bridge in the world. In order to cope with challenges such as long span, wide bridge deck and heavy load, the girder of the main span adopts integral steel box girders, while the side span adopts steel box-concrete composite girders. The interface of the two types of structure is located on the middle span, 18 m to the bridge tower. The main girder is 4.5 m in height and 48 m in width. The main tower is an A-shaped concrete tower with a height of 279.5 m. The stay cables are arranged in a fan shape. The main girder section near the tower is supported by No.0 cable instead of a lower beam to achieve an optimum architectural effect. The foundation of the main tower adopts a rotary bored concrete pile. The bridge adopts a fully floating structure system. A restraint system of viscous damper + limit block is adopted in the longitudinal direction, while a system of separated c-section steel dampers with shear clip tenon + vibration reduction and wind resistant supports are adopted as horizontal restraints.
Key Construction Techniques of East Tower and Anchorage of Lingdingyang Bridge in Shenzhong Link
Authors: Zhang Hong , Yuan Hang , Zheng Hehui
Published: November 2022

Lingdingyang Bridge of Shenzhong Link is a three-span suspension bridge with a full floating system of 580 + 1666 + 580. In view of the complex construction conditions of the bridge site, the construction scheme of island cofferdam was proposed for the east anchorage, and the flexible combined island cofferdam structure of ' lock steel pipe pile + I-shaped sheet pile + parallel steel wire rope ' was innovatively adopted to transform the offshore construction into land construction. For the east cable tower, the flexible manufacturing production line of steel mesh was developed, and the integrated intelligent tower building equipment suitable for ultra-high concrete cable tower was developed, forming the industrial construction technology of ultra-high cable tower based on reinforced bar product and intelligent tower building. The key construction technology of anchorage and tower solves the construction problem of super long-span suspension bridge in offshore sea, and improves the intelligent and industrial construction level of ultra-high tower engineering.
Engineering Application of Self-anchored Integrated CFRP Cables
Authors: Feng Peng , Dong Li , Ding Guozhen , Zou Yiqing , Shi Wei , Li Xiang
Published: November 2022

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials have the advantages of a high strength/weight ratio, corrosion resistance. Bridge construction with CFRP cable rather than steel cables has a wider span, better load capacity, and longer life span. Due to the anisotropy of the CFRP materials, achieving effective anchorage for CFRP cables is challenging. To address this problem, a self- anchored integrated CFRP cable has been proposed. Recently, the novel cable was adopted in a truss bridge in Shanghai. The utilization of the novel cable contributed to rapid construction and ensure structure safety, which is quite attractive for future bridge construction.