bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE POSITION OF THE CONSUMER DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY IN THE EFFORT TO SUBMIT A CONSUMER DISPUTE OBJECTION
Authors: Wibowo Veronica Cynthia , Subagyono Bambang Sugeng Ariadi , Chumaida Zahry Vandawati
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyse PERMA No. 1 of 2006 which is a guideline for the District Court as well as consumers and business actors regarding the procedure for filing objections to decisions of the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) which had not previously been regulated in the UUPK Law. One of the things that is regulated in PERMA No. 1 of 2006 through Article 3 paragraph (3) is that the Consumer Dispute Resolution Body is not a party to the filing of objections to consumer disputes. Article 3 paragraph (3) of PERMA No. 1 Of 2006 contains new norms that were not previously regulated by the UUPK. This research discusses the ratio legis of BPSK not being a party in the objection of consumer disputes and how the legal consequences of BPSK as a Respondent in the objection of consumer disputes. This research is a doctrinal legal research that uses statute approach and conceptual approach. The results of the analysis of the writing of Article 3 paragraph (3) of PERMA No. 1 Of 2006 as a form of affirmation that BPSK is not a party, but an institution that has the duty and authority to handle and resolve consumer disputes. The existence of Article 3 paragraph (3) of PERMA 1/2006 gives legal consequences that if BPSK is included as a party to the objection, the District Court will give a decision that the lawsuit cannot be accepted. Although there are differences in the regulations in UUPK and PERMA 1/2006, with the existence of the AAPS Law, if there are problems related to arbitration at BPSK, the legal rules used are special rules, namely UUPK and its derivative rules including PERMA 1/2006.
THE LAW ENFORCEMENT IN OVERCOMING UNDERAGE PROSTITUTION CRIME
Authors: Erniyanti Erniyanti
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyzing legal enforcement in calculating the crime of prostitution under age, A child is very vulnerable to influence, various kinds of tricks the perpetrators try to trick their victims, with tantalizing false promises, so that the victim is hypnotized to follow the lust and evil plans of the perpetrators. Victims of child prostitution can be without or with the use of force, violence or deception because children are unable to give consent to exploit themselves. This research uses a normative juridical research approach. There are several important roles in overcodming or tackling child prostitution activities, namely from several government agencies, schools and families. We recommend that law enforcers in Indonesia be more assertive in tackling the occurrence of criminal acts of prostitution in children, the role of society and families is also needed in addressing the existence of prostitution in children by paying attention to their children and providing knowledge or insight into increasing religion in children.
CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS IN COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS: EVALUATING THE CRUCIAL SIGNIFICANCE CONSUMER-CENTRIC COMMERCE REGULATIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Widiarty Wiwik Sri , Jian Zang Huai
Published: May 2024

In the context of daily commercial transactions within Indonesian society, the inherent activity of commercial transaction is omnipresent. This economic exchange predominantly involves two primary actors: the seller, functioning as a business entity, and the buyer, embodying the consumer role. Despite the ubiquity of such transactions, the imbalance in potential losses, particularly on the part of consumers, underscores a pressing concern. In response, Indonesia has instituted consumer protection laws to safeguard the rights of consumers. Nevertheless, a substantial knowledge gap persists among the populace regarding the critical significance of these legal provisions in the commercial transaction milieu. To bridge this awareness deficit, the researcher embarked on an inquiry aimed at elucidating the indispensable nature of consumer protection laws for both sellers operating as business entities and buyers assuming the consumer role. This article delves into the essence of commercial transaction, explicates the underpinnings of consumer protection laws, and articulates their pivotal role for sellers and buyers alike. By employing a descriptive methodology, this research illuminates pertinent concepts and conducts analyses to underscore the indispensability of consumer protection laws from both vantage points. The findings underscore that consumer protection laws are integral to the integrity of commercial transaction.
Qualidade fisiológica de sementes, desempenho a campo e viabilidade econômica da cultura da soja submetida à inoculação de sementes com diferentes produtos biológicos
Authors: Mateus Rocha Tiago , Paraginski Ricardo Tadeu , Bison Pinto Marlo Adriano , De Conti Lessandro
Published: May 2024

O uso de insumos biológicos está em constante crescimento em cultivos de grãos, visando explorar a relação simbiótica existente entre os microrganismos com as plantas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da inoculação de produtos biológicos, na qualidade de sementes, desempenho a campo e viabilidade econômica da cultura da soja no município de Santo Augusto, RS. Os tratamentos de semente utilizados foram: Tratamento 1 (controle - sem inoculação de biológicos), Tratamento 2 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), Tratamento 3 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum + Azospirillum brasilense), Tratamento 4 (Bacillus subtilis e megaterium), Tratamento 5 (Trichoderma harzianum), Tratamento 6 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum + Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus subtilis e B. megaterium + Trichoderma harzianum). Foram avaliadas variáveis referentes à qualidade fisiológica de sementes, além do desempenho a campo aliado a viabilidade econômica. Bacillus subtilis e B. megaterium (Tratamento 4), obteve destaque na primeira contagem (vigor), segunda contagem (germinação), velocidade de emergência, comprimento radicular e total de plântulas, número de vagens por planta e vagens com 3 grãos. O Tratamento 5 (Trichoderma harzianum) apresentou o maior peso de mil sementes, assim como obteve a maior massa seca e fresca de plântulas, número de nós e comprimento aéreo de plântulas. O Tratamento 6 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum + Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus subtilis e B. megaterium + Trichoderma harzianum), apresentou a maior produtividade quando comparado com o controle, observando-se também a maior altura final de plantas e o melhor retorno econômico.
A Document Analysis of Community Learning Centers in Australia: Development of A Model for Pakistan
Authors: Raza Ayesha , Fatima Ghulam , Malik Misbah
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This research explores the emerging role of Community Learning Centers as a vehicle of change in Australia, as a best practice model. This study was a part of research thesis for the development of a model of community learning center in Pakistan.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Furthermore, this study was qualitative and based on document review. For this purpose, World Bank WBI Evaluation process was followed to conclude the findings. In this research, ten reports and official documents were retrieved from 1st October 2023 to 31st January 2024. Moreover, priori framework was used for thematic analysis.
Findings: The major themes were: background, organization, program implementation, impact and challenges. The findings elaborated the legislative support, policy safeguards and quality measures of AQF and ASQA for 2500 registered training organizations of community learning in all eight states and territories. It includes public and not-for-profit facilities with aim of personal enrichment, adult basic education, accredited and non-accredited vocational education. These facilities were providing seamless transition from non-formal education to formal education as well as increasing employability and productivity of remote, rural and high equity groups.
Implications/Originality/Value: This insight will provide guidelines for policy, structure and implementation in Pakistan in the long run.
Factors potentially contributing to the decline of the mpox outbreak in the Netherlands, 2022 and 2023
Authors: Haverkate Manon R , Willemstein Inge JM , van Ewijk Catharina E , Adam Philippe CG , Lanooij Susan J , Jonker-Jorna Petra , van Bokhoven Colette , van Rijckevorsel Gini GC , Hoornenborg Elske , David Silke , Mollema Liesbeth , te Wierik Margreet J , Lange Jente , Franz Eelco , de Melker Hester E , Op de Coul Eline LM , Hahné Susan JM
Published: May 2024

Background

In 2022 and 2023, a global outbreak of mpox affected mostly gay, bisexual and other men having sex with men (GBMSM). Outbreak control in the Netherlands included isolation, quarantine, post-exposure prophylaxis vaccination and primary preventive vaccination (PPV).

Aim

We describe the course of the outbreak, the vaccination programme, vaccine effectiveness (VE) of full vaccination against symptomatic disease, and trends in behaviour to generate hypotheses about factors that influenced the outbreak’s decline.

Methods

In this observational study, we collected data from public health services on notified cases, number of PPV invitations and PPV doses administered. We calculated PPV uptake and coverage. Trends in behavioural data of GBMSM visiting sexual health centres were analysed for all consultations in 2022. We estimated VE using the screening method.

Results

Until 31 December 2023, 1,294 mpox cases were reported. The outbreak peaked in early July 2022 and then declined sharply. PPV started on 25 July 2022; in total 29,851 doses were administered, 45.8% received at least one dose, 35.4% were fully vaccinated. The estimated VE was 68.2% (95% CI 4.3–89.5%). We did not observe an evident decrease in high-risk behaviour.

Discussion

It is unlikely that PPV was a driver of the outbreak’s decline, as incidence started to decline well before the start of the PPV programme. The possible impact of behavioural change could not be demonstrated with the available indicators, however, the data had limitations, hampering interpretation. We hypothesise that infection-induced immunity in high-risk groups was an important factor explaining the decline.
Analisis Kesesuaian Lahan Pertanian Di Kota Kupang Dengan Menggunakan Geographic Information System
Authors: Sekar Addienia , Ilhamsyah Kukuh Nur , Fahreza Rahmat , Allo Amandus Jong T
Published: May 2024

Meningkatnya alih fungsi lahan di Kupang mengakibatkan kawasan pertanian di Kupang semakin menurun. Pemetaan kesesuaian lahan pertanian merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengetahui potensi lahan pertanian di suatu wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk analisis kesesuaian lahan pertanian di Kota Kupang dengan menggunakan Geographic Infomation System (GIS). Metode yang digunakan adalah scoring dan overlay, parameter yang digunakan adalah kemiringan lereng, jenis tanah, dan curah hujan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kecamatan Alak, Mualafa, dan Kota Raja memiliki nilai kesesuaian lahan pertanian tertinggi yaitu 77,42%. Kecamatan Kota Lama memiliki nilai kesesuaian lahan pertanian rendah. Kota Kupang memiliki potensi yang cukup baik untuk pengembangan lahan pertanian, namun perlu memperhatikan faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi kesesuaian lahan pertanian disamping itu untuk lahan yang tidak sesuai bisa menggunakan varietas tanaman yang toleran dengan kondisi di lapangan dan membuat sistem irigasi yang efektif dan efisien.
Learning Transformation in the Digital Era: Development of Virtual Reality-Based Learning Media to Increase Student Efficiency and Creativity
Authors: Wulandari Sholihah Ayu , Rosyady Ahmad Fahriyannur , Sucipto Adi , Wulandari Sekar Ayu
Published: May 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, its impact was felt in Indonesia's education world, especially when learning was online or offline. Every lecturer in educational institutions is expected to provide the latest innovations to create an effective learning process. In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, the digitalization of education in Indonesia is experiencing rapid growth, and advances in information technology are an opportunity to increase creativity in learning media. One proposed method is the development of Virtual Reality-based learning media, which can support the quality of the teaching and learning process. The development of Virtual Reality-based learning media includes intelligent systems for the Informatics Engineering Study Program, and Agro-Industry Plantation Management for the Agro-Industry Management Study Program, especially at Campus 4 PSDKU Sidoarjo – Politeknik Negeri Jember. The results of the development of Virtual Reality-based learning media are in the form of visualization illustrations of students' understanding of the Intelligent Systems and Plantation Agro-Industry Management courses. This technology is expected to facilitate student participation with learning resources more efficiently than conventional learning media which only allows one-way communication. Based on the results of evaluations via questionnaires to students, it is known that learning efficiency reaches 82% when using Virtual Reality-based learning media.
Respon Pertumbuhan Dua Varietas Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Akibat Pengaplikasian Beberapa Jenis Pupuk
Authors: Sitorus Alfrina Renti , Ismadi Ismadi , Handayani Rd Selvy , Nurdin Muhammad Yusuf
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh dari pengaplikasian berbagai jenis pupuk terhadap dua varietas tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama terdiri dari dua varietas bawang merah dan faktor kedua terdiri dari beberapa jenis pupuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan dan hasil antara dua varietas tanaman bawang merah, varietas bima brebes memiliki pertumbuhan dan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan varietas tajuk. Pemberian pupuk dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah, pupuk kandang sapi dan POC urine kelinci memiliki hasil yang sama baiknya dengan pupuk urea. Tidak terjadi interaksi antara dua varietas bawnag merah dan beberapa jenis pupuk pada semua peubah yang diteliti.
Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Beberapa Varietas Kedelai (Glycine Max L.) Akibat Pemberian Kompos Kulit Kopi
Authors: Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Nazirah Laila , Hayati Nila , Usnawiyah Usnawiyah , Hafifah Hafifah
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan dan hasil kedelai (Glycinemax L) akibat pemberian kompos kulit kopi. Dilakukan di Desa Reulet Timur, Kecamatan Muara Batu, Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 2 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah kedelai varietas Devon 2 (V1), varietas Agromulyo (V2) dan varietas Grobogan (V3). Faktor kedua adalah dosis kompos kulit kopi yaitu kontrol (K0), 200 g/lubang tanam (K1) dan 400 g/lubang tanam (K2). Peubah yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah daun, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah produktif cabang, panjang akar, rasio pucuk-akar, jumlah polong per tanaman, berat 100 biji per tanaman, berat biji kering per tanaman dan produksi (ton ha). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa varietas berpengaruh terhadap peubah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah cabang produktif, rasio akar pucuk, polong per tanaman, berat 100 biji per tanaman dan berat biji kering tanam, sedangkan kompos kulit kopi berpengaruh pada peubah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang produktif, rasio pucuk akar dan biji kering berat per tanaman. Varietas terbaik terdapat pada varietas Grobogan dan terbaik dosis kompos sekam kopi adalah 400 g/lubang tanam. Interaksi antara perlakuan varietas dan kompos sekam kopi terdapat perubahan jumlah daun pada umur pengamatan 20 HST pada penggunaan varietas Grobogan dan pemberian kompos kopi dengan dosis 400 gr/lubang tanam, dimana pada interaksi ini diperoleh jumlah daun tertinggi dengan nilai 12,50 helai. Nilai ini merupakan nilai yang sangat besar untuk variabel jumlah daun
The Effect of the Proportion of Basil Leaf: Kenikir Leaf and Drying Time on the Physiochemical and Organoleptic of Herbal Tea Bag
Authors: Cholifah Milenia Fitria , Sarofa Ulya , Kurnianto M. Alfid
Published: May 2024

Tea is a processed drink that is widely popular in the world. Tea contains many benefits, such as its antioxidant content, which fights free radicals. Kenikir leaves are a plant that has exceptionally high antioxidant activity. Basil leaves are an herbal plant with a distinctive fragrant aroma from its essential oils and many health benefits. This research aims to determine the effect of the proportion of basil leaves and kenikir leaves and the drying time on tea bags' physicochemical and organoleptic content. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern with two factors and three replications. Factor I is the proportion of basil leaves: kenikir leaves (25:75,50:50,75:25), and factor II is the drying time (120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The best research results were obtained in the proportion of basil leaves and kenikir leaves of 25:75 with a drying time of 120 minutes producing tea bags with characteristics of water content of 7.79%, ash content of 6.2%, product antioxidant activity of 88.99%, the antioxidant activity of the brewed water was 73.31%, total phenols were 15.29 mg/GAE/g, flavonoids were 10.33 mgQE/g, and the color values L*, a*, b* were 45.97 respectively; 6.10; 21.70. With a color organoleptic characteristic value of 4.48 (Yellow); aroma of 3.52 (somewhat unpleasant); and taste of 3.48 (Slightly Bitter).
Characteristics of Fruit Leather with Proportion of Carica Puree (Carica pubescens) : Lime Juice (Citrus aurantifolia) and Carrageenan and Their Shelf Life Estimation
Authors: Muslimah Yeny Andrea , Rosida Rosida
Published: May 2024

Fruit leather is a delectable treat crafted from pureed and dehydrated fruit. Carica fruit (Carica pubescens) contains fiber and pectin, which are requirements for making fruit leather. Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) was added as an acid in the gel formation. The addition of carrageenan is expected to improve the plasticity of fruit leather. One of the qualities of fruit leather is determined by its shelf life. This study seeks to assess the physicochemical and organoleptic attributes of carica and lime fruit leather, as well as to analyze the estimation of shelf life resulting from the optimal treatment. Factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors was utilized in the study. Factor I involved the ratio of carica puree to lime juice (95:5, 90:10, 85:15), while factor II consisted of different carrageenan concentrations (0,3%, 0,6%, 0,9%) with two replications. The results were documented in English. The data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a significance level of 5%. The most effective treatment was found to be a blend of 95% carica puree to 5% lime juice, combined with 0.9% carrageenan. The test results revealed a moisture content of 15,33%, crude fiber content of 2,55%, pH level of 4.65, tensile strength of 4,45 N, vitamin C concentration of 12,20 mg/100g, antioxidant activity of 25,23%, color intensity of 3,24 (neutral), aroma profile of 3,04 (neutral), taste rating of 4,00 (like), texture score of 3,12 (neutral), total dietary fiber content of 4,45%, and an estimated shelf life of 70 days at 10⁰C (under refrigeration), 10 days at 30⁰C (at room temperature), and 3 days at 50⁰C.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI MINAT PENGGUNAAN PEMBAYARAN ZAKAT DARING
Authors: Karim Nina Karina , Atikah Siti , Lenap Indria Puspitasari
Published: May 2024

Saat ini, pembayaran berbagai keperluan sehari-hari bisa dilakukan secara daring, termasuk zakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor apa saja yang memengaruhi minat pembayar zakat dari berbagai klasifikasi generasi dalam mempertimbangkan untuk menggunakan sistem pembayaran zakat secara daring dengan menggunakan kriteria yang ditetapkan dalam Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Kuesioner melalui Google Form dijawab oleh 121 responden. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner menemukan bahwa pembayaran zakat secara daring belum diminati generasi Baby boomer, Gen X, Gen Y dan Gen Z karena pembayaran zakat secara daring dianggap tidak menjamin kesesuaian dengan kondisi mustahik dan muzaki serta kepastian penyaluran zakat kepada mustahik yang memang membutuhkan.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM RICE HUSK BY PHYSICS-CHEMICAL ACTIVATION
Authors: Suyoga Wiguna Anak Agung Gde , Mardana Ida Bagus Putu , Artawan Putu
Published: May 2024

Activated carbon is an amorphous carbon material predominantly composed of free carbon atoms with high adsorption capacity. The amorphous structure in activated carbon affects its adsorption capacity; the higher the percentage of amorphous carbon, the greater the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. Activated carbon can be obtained from rice husk waste containing 30-40% C in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Therefore, this study was conducted to observe activated carbon's phases, morphology, elemental composition, and particle size. Activated carbon was synthesized using a physics-chemical activation method, which began with washing the rice husk samples, followed by air drying, carbonizing into charcoal, and grinding it finely. The rice husk charcoal powder was then physically activated at a temperature of 500℃. The physically activated product was then chemically activated using 6M HCl with a charcoal-to-activator ratio of 1:10 (m/V), stirred at 250 rpm for 1 hour, and then allowed to settle for 24 hours. It was then washed and dried to produce activated carbon powder. XRD test results showed diffraction peaks at 2θ = 22.23° without sharp or pointed peaks, indicating that the activated carbon has an amorphous structure. SEM test results showed the morphology of rice husk-activated carbon with spherical particle shapes and a particle size distribution of 20-70 nm. EDX test results showed that the rice husk activated carbon is predominantly composed of C, O, and Si with respective percentages of 54.31%, 40.04%, and 2.49%.
Analisis Kebutuhan Fasilitas Edukasi Pengelolaan Sampah berdasarkan Demografi Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Adinugraha I Nyoman Anom Bramaprakasa , Masruchin Febby Rahmatullah
Published: May 2024

Sampah adalah sisa limbah padat yang terbentuk dari proses alam dan kegiatan manusia sehari-hari. Sampah berpotensi mengganggu lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat apabila tidak dikelola atau ditangani dengan tepat. Dalam penyelesaian masalah sampah ini perlu dilakukan secara komperhensif dan terpadu dari hulu ke hilir oleh seluruh masyarakat melalui bank sampah. Peranan bank sampah sebagai salah satu solusi pengurangan sampah di Kabupaten Sidoarjo masih belum maksimal, dikarenakan kurangnya pemahaman dan kemampuan dari masyarakat. Atas dasar hal tersebut, perlu adanya upaya mengurangi volume timbulan sampah secara berkelanjutan melalui sebuah fasilitas untuk mengedukasi masyarakat sekaligus menjadi wadah pengelolaan sampah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kebutuhan fasilitas yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan sampah berdasarkan demografi di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, jenis data yang digunakan adalah data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Dalam pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan data primer melalui wawancara dengan pemerintah terkait, sedangkan data sekunder yang didapat melalui media publikasi seperti artikel dan jurnal. Berdasarkan hasil analisa, kesimpulan yang didapat bahwa berdasarkan kondisi demografi Kabupaten Sidoarjo, fasilitas yang dibutuhkan antara lain: Bank Sampah Induk, TPS 3R, Galeri informasi sampah, Galeri seni daur ulang, Aula, Ruang Praktik Sampah, Auditorium.
Raça, racismo e racismo de estado : uma análise do caso da Missão das Nações Unidas para a estabilização do Haiti (MINUSTAH)
Authors:   , Cruz Aanne
Published: May 2024

Esta monografia tem como objetivo principal analisar como as perspectivas de raça e racismo são essenciais para analisar o contexto político e social haitiano, tendo a MINUSTAH como um dos objetos de estudo. Dessa maneira, para realizar esta análise, faz-se necessário compreender o contexto histórico-político do país. Em seguida, a pesquisa se propõe a analisar a MINUSTAH como o ápice e a continuidade de práticas intervencionistas, por parte de países colonizadores. Tais práticas perpetuam padrões civilizatórios, assumindo discursos de modernização que reforçam a ideia de superioridade ocidental em detrimento das culturas locais. A este respeito, a prática contemporânea de construção da paz é vista nesta pesquisa como uma versão moderna das missões civilizatórias, nas quais as potências imperiais europeias acreditavam ter o dever de "civilizar" suas possessões ultramarinas. Por conta disso, nesta pesquisa, será abordada a perspectiva da virada local como uma alternativa viável para lidar com os dispositivos racistas presentes nas intervenções humanitárias da ONU. Dessa forma, analisar a relação entre raça e racismo é crucial para as Relações Internacionais, pois evidencia como as hierarquias raciais permeiam as relações de poder globais e podem ser reproduzidas por intervenções internacionais. Desse modo, a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial, é considerado fundamental que o conceito de raça não seja silenciado nas análises sociais, principalmente no que diz respeito ao Haiti, um país em que a maioria população é predominantemente composta por afrodescendentes, uma vez que, no discurso social, a raça ainda é utilizada para justificar a segregação e as desigualdades presentes na sociedade. A metodologia adotada consistirá na análise de documentos oficiais da ONU e de organizações não governamentais, bem como análise de entrevistas de antigos comandantes da MINUSTAH, antigos observadores das missões, representantes de Organizações Internacionais, cidadãos haitianos e por último, uma análise de dados coletados por organizações estatais e não-governamentais.
The Renunciants and Early Sufis of Iṣfahān
Authors: Saeidi Fateh
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between renunciant piety ( zuhd ) and early Sufism in the city of Iṣfahān, a pivotal city along the Silk Road, from the late ninth to early eleventh-century CE. It focuses on the multifunctional nature of khāneqāhs (hostels) in facilitating the dynamic interplay between these two pietistic movements in early Islam. The study underscores the transformation of Iṣfahān into a significant regional center of Islamic piety by examining the gradual conversion to Islam, with particular emphasis on the inspiring role of renunciants ( zuhhād ) in catalyzing conversions and propagating Islamic ideals. To illustrate this transition, this article focuses on literary accounts concerning three major pious figures from Iṣfahān in this period, namely Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf al-Bannāʼ (d. 899 CE), 'Alī ibn Sahl al-Iṣfahānī (d. 919 CE), and Abū Manṣūr al-Iṣfahānī (d. 1027 CE). In its discussion of these pious personalities, this article emphasizes their interconnectivity and engagement with other notable Sufis, including al-Junayd al-Baghdādī (d. 910 CE) and Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj (d. 922 CE), as well as their contributions to Sufi scholarship, including the compatibility of Sufism with Ḥanbalī jurisprudence as presented in Abū Manṣūr al-Iṣfahānī's surviving works. Altogether, this article provides a comprehensive survey of the historical and spiritual context of Iṣfahān in this period, shedding light on the interplay between renunciant piety and early Sufism in the region.
"Therefore, Let Man Ponder His Food" (Qur'ān 80:24) and the Portrayal of Food in the Qur'ān and Modern Arabic Poetry
Authors: Oladosu Afis Ayinde , Sarumi Kahar Wahab
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Considered by Muslims to be the acme of literary excellence, the Qur'ān exhibits an uncanny predilection not only for its descriptions of food but more importantly for its portrayal of eating and drinking as a signifier for and means of establishing both worldly and eschatological success and happiness. It is partly upon this standard that food and foodways have been a significant topic of interest in both Islamic juridical and literary production, including poetical compositions in which food and the art of eating and drinking have become important motifs. To further explore this broad significance of food in Arab-Islamic culture and bring it into conversation with Arab literary modernism, this paper begins by exploring the Qur'ānic and Islamic juridical discourses surrounding food before turning to notable depictions of food in two poems by the poets Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm (d. 1932) and Maʻrūf al-Ruṣāfī (d. 1945). The close reading of their works shows how pre-existing Arab-Islamic traditions about food intersect with modernity as well as how the category of food is constructed as a symbolic space for articulating human necessity and behavioral eccentricity. In the process of this discussion, this article brings into conversation discussions on food and foodways derived from diverse scholars such as Michel Foucault (d. 1984), Wahba al-Zuḥaylī (d. 2015), and Gillian Feeley-Harnik (b. 1940), among others.
Аctual aspects of migraines preventive pharmacotherapy
Authors: Gantsgorn E. V. , Safronenko A. V. , Polyakova V. I. , Manvelyan R. M. , Antonyan B. G. , Nikolaenko A. V. , Baloyan A. A. , Bokhanov G. A. , Nepokrytaya D. S. , Ilyina A. A.
Published: May 2024

Headaches are one of the most common causes of disability worldwide, with migraines coming to the fore. A new and promising preventive strategy to combat migraine is drugs from the group of monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin-a gene-related peptide. High eﬃcacy, good tolerability, and the ability to increase patient compliance increase the interest of specialists in these drugs. A potentially significant reduction in the economic burden on society and healthcare also plays an important role as a significant impact on improving the quality of life of patients. Despite the prospects of using these drugs for the prevention of migraine headaches, not all aspects related to this have been fully considered and resolved to date.
Syndrome of pseudotumor cerebri
Authors: Panchenko N. I. , Shuleshova N. V.
Published: May 2024

This article presents the results of a study of 19 patients with pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. An analysis of symptoms, signs and clinical data was carried out, which made it possible to create a diagnostic algorithm, and to determine an eﬀective non-surgical treatment of these patients. A review of the literature on this issue is presented.
Functional dystonia under the guise of cervical dystonia
Authors: Tolmacheva V. A. , Angelicheva O. I. , Yanakaeva T. A. , Bochovko S. A. , Romanov D. V. , Parfenov V. A.
Published: May 2024

Among functional neurological disorders functional dystonia (FD) is the most diﬃcult to diagnose. We present an observation of a 44-year-old patient, who was observed for a long time with a diagnosis of cervical dystonia (CD) and received disability for this disease. The patient did not have typical manifestations of CD — repetitive stereotypical movements or postures of the head/neck, sensory trick, tonic tension of the neck muscles. For a long time, the patient experienced pain of various localizations and other manifestations of FNR. The psychiatrist regarded the condition as symptoms of a schizotypal disorder. An educational program, therapeutic exercises, and botulinum toxin management led to a decrease in the manifestations of FD. The issues of pathogenesis, diagnosis, diﬀerential diagnosis and treatment of FD are discussed.
Analysis of the Implementation of E-Litigation with Artificial Intelligence Approach in Procedural Justice and Access to Justice in Pretrial Proceedings
Authors: Sitepu Rida Ista , Alhuda Hasnda Nuchraha
Published: May 2024

The development of Artificial Intelligence in the current digital era across every sector of society has become a topic of discussion among legal experts for its potential application within the realm of justice systems. Consistency and time efficiency have become key considerations for implementation within the judicial system. Pre-trial proceedings in Indonesia are often seen as a secondary trial process, leading to inconsistencies in time, understanding of legislation, and document management, resulting in disadvantageous situations for the suspects. The integration of Artificial Intelligence in legal proceedings can enhance efficiency, accuracy, and ensure access to justice for suspects within the legal process. In the context of pre-trial proceedings, AI can be utilized to aid in data processing and analysis, decision-making, and monitoring compliance with principles of procedural justice. The research problem in this study revolves around two main questions: First, how does the legitimacy and legal certainty of utilizing electronic media within the Indonesian judicial system stand? Second, how can procedural justice and access to justice be implemented through the utilization of electronic media, particularly artificial intelligence, in pre-trial proceedings? This research is a doctrinal or normative study, relying on secondary data sources consisting of primary legal materials and qualitative data.
O USO DE INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL COMPARADO AO MÉTODO TRADICIONAL PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE FERIDAS OPERATÓRIAS
Authors: Basso da Silva Giovani , Gabriel João , Goldberg Rabin Eliane , Martins da Silva Diogo , Dias da Silva Ana Paula , Souza dos Santos Vinicius
Published: May 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: Inovações tecnológicas têm sido ofertadas diariamente no âmbito da saúde hospitalar, propiciando uma aproximação entre os profissionais e os sistemas de informação. Recursos como a Inteligência Artificial são capazes de trazer informações diárias e atualizadas sobre diversos assuntos, entre eles os relacionados aos cuidados em saúde. OBJETIVOS: Comparar as formas de avaliações e recomendações de tratamentos de feridas operatórias por profissional capacitado com as de um sistema de informação de Inteligência Artificial OpenAI Chat GPT-4.0®. METODOLOGIA: Estudo descritivo como relato de experiência da prática assistencial do grupo de pesquisadores, dividido em duas fases. A primeira, avaliação das feridas operatórias por profissional enfermeiro especialista em feridas e estomaterapia. Na segunda, avaliação das feridas operatórias segundo o recurso tecnológico de Inteligência Artificial OpenAI Chat GPT-4.0®. RESULTADOS: A avaliação pelo especialista oferece detalhamento no contexto da ferida operatória, incluindo aspectos práticos e logísticos. Já a avaliação realizada pelo sistema de informação foca em análise clínica generalizada baseada apenas na aparência da ferida. Ambos destacam a importância da terapia por pressão negativa no manejo da ferida, mas variam na abordagem e no nível de detalhe. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Os sistemas de Inteligência Artificial OpenAI Chat GPT-4 são recursos tecnológicos de qualidade e podem se tornar uma das várias formas de contribuir nos cuidados e auxiliar profissionais da saúde em localizações mais remotas, nas quais não há a disponibilização de profissionais enfermeiros capacitados em avaliações de feridas complexas.
Implementasi Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) dalam Mengklasifikasikan Berbagai Jenis Ekspresi Wajah Manusia
Authors: Khaliqah Marinatul , Sarifah Luluk , Khotijah Siti
Published: May 2024

Ekspresi wajah manusia adalah bentuk respon alami yang ditunjukkan oleh manusia untuk memperlihatkan perasaan yang sedang dirasakan saat berinteraksi sosial, yang mana dalam berinteraksi sosial, kondisi emosi yang baik menjadi penting dalam menjalin komunikasi yang baik. Pentingnya penelitian terkait ekspresi wajah adalah membantu perkembangan teknologi di dunia dalam memainkan peran penting dalam interaksi komputer dan manusia. Adanya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan ekspresi wajah manusia menggunakan algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor dengan dibantu ekstraksi ciri GLCM sebagai variabel yang dijadikan inputan pada proses klasifikasi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan dua jenis pengujian, yaitu dengan jumlah data yang lebih banyak dan jumlah data yang lebih sedikit dengan penggunaan k=1, k=3, dan k=5 dengan tujuan mengetahui tingkat akurasi yang lebih baik dari algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor. Setelah dilakukan pengujian didapatkan hasil akurasi yang lebih baik dari algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor adalah dengan jumlah data yang lebih banyak dengan penggunaan k=1, yaitu dengan tingkat akurasi mencapai 100%. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor dapat mencapai akurasi terbaiknya dalam mengklasifikasikan jenis ekspresi wajah manusia adalah dengan pengujian data yang lebih banyak dan dengan penggunaan k=1.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Multimodal Large Language Models in Hydrological Applications
Authors: Kadiyala Likith , Mermer Omer , Samuel Dinesh Jackson , Sermet Yusuf , Demir Ibrahim
Published: May 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) combined with visual foundation models have demonstrated remarkable advancements, achieving a level of intelligence comparable to human capabilities. In this study, we conduct an analysis of the latest Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), specifically Multimodal-GPT, GPT-4 Vision, Gemini and LLaVa, focusing on their application in the hydrology domain. The hydrology domain holds significant relevance for AI intelligence applications, including flood management and response, water level monitoring, agricultural water discharge, and water pollution management. Our analysis involves testing these MLLMs on various hydrology-specific studies, evaluating their response generation, and assessing their suitability for real-time systems. We deliberately selected complex real-world scenarios to explore the potential of MLLMs in addressing hydrological challenges. Additionally, we carefully designed prompts to enhance the models' visual inference capabilities and their ability to comprehend context from image data. The findings from our analysis reveal effective human-computer interaction and inspire potential solutions for real-world hydrological inference systems that incorporate both textual and image data. Among the validated models, GPT-4 Vision stands out as the top performer among other MLLMs, showcasing unparalleled proficiency in inferring visual data. The results highlight the significant understanding, reasoning, and decision-making capabilities that multimodal foundation models bring to the domain of hydrology. This research contributes valuable insights into the potential applications of advanced AI models in addressing complex challenges within hydrological contexts.
Consciousness in a Machine
Authors: Purves Dale
Published: May 2024

No issue in neuroscience has attracted more controversy than the phenomenon of consciousness. Common to these debates has been assumption that “only brain matter gives rise to consciousness” (Koch, 2004). Here we forego this prejudice and consider the elements a non-biological machine would need to be conscious.
Delay Coordinate Embedding as Neuronally Implemented Information Processing: The State Space Theory of Consciousness
Authors: O'Reilly-Shah Vikas N
Published: May 2024

Despite intensive effort, a satisfactory scientific theory of consciousness remains elusive. This paper introduces the State Space Theory, aiming to meet key criteria for a theory of consciousness while providing a satisfactory framework consistent with neurobiological and philosophical considerations. The theory posits that the cortex processes information through delay coordinate embedding within recurrent neural networks. These networks create state space representations of reality, forming hierarchical, pseudo-hierarchical, and parallel pathways. Under this theory, consciousness is posited to arise at the highest-order engines in this hierarchy, with complex behavioral options competing within these engines. The theory emphasizes that consciousness is a dynamic process, not representable within a static neuronal state, and develops uniquely in each individual due to history-dependent development of the processing engines.Neuronally, these delay coordinate embedding engines are posited to form recurrent networks that process information by integrating current and past data to reconstruct models of reality, leveraging the power of Takens' Theorem. These engines would themselves exhibit nonlinear dynamics sensitive to initial conditions. This mechanism aligns with the subjective and emergent properties of consciousness, explaining phenomena like binocular rivalry and ambiguous figures. The theory also addresses cortical plasticity and the heuristic nature of cortical processing, aligning with neurobiological evidence supporting the idea that the cortex's information processing is generic rather than specialized.The State Space Theory aligns with and expands upon major theories like Higher-Order Theories, Global Workspace Theories, Integrated Information Theory, and Predictive Processing Theories by providing a computational mechanism for hierarchical integration and recurrent processing. Philosophically, it reconciles dualist intuitions with a monist perspective, positing that consciousness emerges from dynamic brain processes rather than static states. The theory addresses the unity of consciousness and the privacy of subjective experiences, offering a new framework to understand free will within deterministic systems. Future work will refine this theory, exploring its neural mechanisms and validating its predictions, advancing our understanding of consciousness.
Unveiling the Tapestry of Mother-Child Interactions Through Text Mining and Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Liu Chao , Waltz Kira
Published: May 2024

The interaction between a mother and child stands as one of the most profound and intricate human connections, weaving a rich tapestry of behavioral and emotional bonds during the formative years. Although mother–child interactions have received substantial attention in the developmental science literature, few studies have tapped into the extensive corpus of speech data available to uncover the nuances of these interactions across developmental stages. This study applied text mining and sentiment analysis on narratives extracted from mother–child conversations to identify the developmental trend of mother–child interactions from early to middle childhood. The results, based on three key areas of dyadic interactions, demonstrated a shift toward more balanced turntaking dynamics and linguistic congruence as children age. Also, there was a significant interdependence of mother and child expressed emotions across time. Further investigation of the dyadic emotionality revealed a nonlinear effect of mother-expressed emotion on child-expressed emotion: mother-expressed negative emotions followed a cubic-like pattern, while positive emotions followed a mild quadratic trend. Taken together, the findings of this study present a picture of progressive augmentation of mother–child synchrony over time.
Are Conspiracy Theory Believers Drawn to Conspiratorial Explanations, Alternatives Explanations, Or Both?
Authors: Nera Kenzo , Bertin Paul , Biddlestone Mikey , Tagand Maude , Klein Olivier
Published: May 2024

Individuals differ in their general propensity to believe in conspiracy theories, often referred to as conspiracy mentality. Because prototypical conspiracy theories exhibit a conspiratorial content (i.e., they claim that a conspiracy occurred) and an alternative status (i.e., they are rejected by authorities), it is unclear if conspiracy mentality captures a general tendency to believe in conspiracies, to endorse alternative narratives, or to believe in conspiratorial alternative narratives. To adjudicate between these interpretations, we carried out three experimental studies (Ns = 364, 772, 629) in which we experimentally manipulated the respective statuses (endorsed by authorities vs. rejected by the authorities) of competing conspiratorial and non-conspiratorial explanations for fictitious controversial events. Overall, conspiracy mentality predicted the endorsement of conspiratorial explanations and the rejection of non-conspiratorial explanations. However, these relationships were moderated by the respective statuses of these explanations. When authorities endorsed the conspiratorial explanation and rejected the non-conspiratorial explanation, the relationships were either nullified (in Studies 1 & 3) or attenuated (in study 2). These effects were driven by participants scoring low on the conspiracy mentality measures, who reported a lower endorsement of the conspiratorial explanation when it was rejected by authorities. They also reported a stronger endorsement of the non-conspiratorial explanation when it was presented as endorsed by authorities. By contrast, conspiracy believers’ endorsement of the explanations was unaffected by their status. These findings are informative of what conspiracy mentality scales capture and highlight the need to adopt more specific definitions in psychological research on conspiracy theories.
Confused, Rebellious and Depressed: Liberated Women in Egyptian Cinema
Authors: Atef Noha
Published: May 2024

In 1961, the Egyptian constitution granted women many social, economic and political rights, which led to a generation of liberated women who were depicted in cinema. ‘Liberated women’ are those who challenge social norms in their search for their independence. This chapter explores the portrayal of liberated women in Egyptian cinema between 1960 and 1990, or from the time between women gaining constitutional rights to a decade after Egypt signed the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDWA) in 1980. The chapter relies on a narrative analysis of a sample of 20 female characters that appeared in Egyptian films produced in the 1960s, ‘70s, ‘80s and ‘90s. It concludes that the liberated women represented in Egyptian cinema during these three decades were often introduced as confused. They had internal conflicts and lack guidance to solve them, rebelled against social norms and were sometimes also depressed. Notably, from the ‘70s onward, most of the liberated women in films were mature adults rather than young girls, professional and married characters whose conflict was with discriminatory laws or social culture. The portrayal of liberated women added to the binary image of women cinematic characters in the past as either virtuous or playful. It introduced a new, in-between type of woman who was rebellious but not perverted, confused but not lost.