bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic and phenotypic diversity, heritability, and correlation between the quantitative characters on 30 sweet potato germplasms in Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: DEWI RATNA , DWI UTOMO SETYO , KAMAL M. , B. TIMOTIWU PAUL , NURDJANAH SITI
Published: March 2019

Dewi R, Utomo SD, Kamal M, Timotiwu PB, Nurdjanah S. 2019. Genetic and phenotypic diversity, heritability, and correlation between the quantitative characters on 30 sweet potato germplasms in Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 380-386. Local food commodities such as sweet potato is an alternative rice substitute food which has high nutritional content. Estimating the value of genetic diversity, heritability and correlation between quantitative characters with the weight of large storage root per plant, is needed in the selection program for the development of quality sweet potato varieties. The purpose of this study was to find out information about genetic diversity, heritability, and correlation between quantitative characters with the weight of large storage root in 30 local Lampung sweet potato germplasm, introduction and national superior genotypes. The study was carried out in the Politeknik Negeri Lampung experimental garden from September 2017 to January 2018. Using 30 genotypes of sweet potato germplasm. The study was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with two replications. The results showed that all characters (weight of large storage root, number of large storage root, storage root length, storage root diameter, vines length, segment length, vines diameter, and weight of vines) had a value of genetic diversity, whereas wide phenotypic diversity and has a high value of heritability. Genetic factors more influence all characters in this study compared to environmental factors. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the characters of the weight of large storage root, storage root length, and storage root diameter were positively correlated with the weight of the storage root. Whereas, the length of vines is negatively correlated with the weight of large storage. The character of the segment length, vines diameter and weight of vines did not correlate with the weight of large storage root. The character of the segment length, vines diameter and weight of vines did not correlate with the weight of large storage root. Cluster analysis results from 30 sweet potato genotypes were grouped into 13 clusters. Based on similarity of character and provenance. The germplasm of 30 Sweet potato genotypes found in Politeknik Negeri Lampung can be selected and crossed to create the desired superior characters.
Genetic characterization of Gac (Momordica cochinchinesis) accessions in Southern Vietnam by ISSR markers
Authors: THE HO VIET , TRIET LE HUU , AN NGUYEN THANH
Published: March 2019

Ho VT, Le HT, Nguyen TA. 2019. Genetic characterization of Gac (Momordica cochinchinesis) accessions in Southern Vietnam by ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 20: 387-392. Gac (Momordica cochinchinesis) plays important roles in Vietnamese cuisine and medicine. It has high nutrient and medicinal values. Demand of gac fruit as ingredient for food processing and raw material for health industry requires accelerated gac cultivation. However, gac quality is variable due to the uncertain available germplasm and its management as breeding stock. Identification of gac cultivars and landraces in Vietnam is mainly based on personal experience relying on morphological traits, thus the conservation and breeding have low impact on productivity and quality of product. Recently, the development of molecular markers has been useful in identifying specific plant(s). In this study, genetic richness and relativeness of 14 gac accessions collected from different provinces in Southern Vietnam were evaluated by using 10 Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Results revealed large variation in genetic background of studied gac accessions. Seven DNA-based markers with potential to differentiate gac genotypes were recorded. The results provide molecular biological information for classification, identification plant origins, breeding and conserving programs of gac in Vietnam.
The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi’s diversity in Fabaceous trees species of Northeastern Thailand
Authors: CHOOSA-NGA PENPITCHA , SANGWANIT UTHAIWAN , KAEWGRAJANG THARNRAT
Published: March 2019

Choosa-Nga P, Sangwanit U, Kaewgrajang T. 2019. The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi’s diversity in Fabaceous trees species of Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 405-412. The species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, found in three Fabaceous tree species, namely, Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Pterocarpus macrocarpus and Xylia xylocarpa, was studied. Sixty rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the tree species plantations, and AM fungal spores were extracted and identified using their morphological characteristics. The spore density and species diversity of the fungi associated with these Fabaceous tree species was assessed. The 11 AM fungi morphospecies identified were Acaulospora (3 species), Glomus (6 species), Sclerocystis (1 species) and Scutellospora (1 species). Meanwhile, three species remained unidentified, which Unknown sp.2 was frequently found in all the three of plantations. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index of the fungal species ranged from 1.40 to 1.88, while the Evenness index ranged from 0.58 to 0.76. The diversity and Evenness index was the highest in the D. cochinchinensis plantation and lowest in the X. xylocarpa plantation. These differences may be due to differences in soil characteristics, including moisture, % organic matter, and nutrient composition. The species composition of AM fungi in the P. macrocarpus plantation was not similar with the D. cochinchinensis and X. xylocarpa plantations. It was indicated that different plant species were hosts to different AM fungal communities. Therefore, further studies are required to select the appropriate AM fungal species which have a positive effect on the growth of the three Fabaceous species when we would like to do the inoculating programs.
Species diversity and community composition of mosquitoes in a filariasis endemic area in Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: PRATIWI RINI , ANWAR CHAIRIL , SALNI SALNI , HERMANSYAH HERMANSYAH , NOVRIKASARI NOVRIKASARI , GHIFFARI AHMAD
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Pratiwi R, Anwar C, Salni, Hermansyah, Novrikasari, Ghiffari A, Putra R, Huda A. 2019. Species diversity and community composition of mosquitoes in a filariasis endemic area in Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 453-462. Mosquitoes are well known as the most medically important arthropod vectors which should be monitored and evaluated because of their potential to transmit diseases. One step in monitoring and evaluation could be conducted by assessing the presence of prevalent mosquito’s vectors including their species diversity and composition. The present study has successfully recorded the diversity and community composition of mosquitoes in two villages in Banyuasin District, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The research was conducted for four months from December 2016 to March 2017 by collecting mosquitoes using Indoor and Outdoor Human Landing Collection method (HLC). The result shows that there were 8239 mosquitoes collected consisting of 12 genera and 38 species. Mansonia is found as the most dominant genus in Sedang Village, while in Muara Sugih Village, Culex is the most dominant. Assessment on species diversity showed that Sedang Village haes higher diversity compared to Muara Sugih Village. Further analysis indicates that environmental characteristics and presence of water plant play important role in the diversity, abundance, and dominance of mosquitoes. Waterlogged area covered with Pistia stratiotes in Sedang Village likely facilitate the breeding of Mansonia spp while extensive rice field in Muara Sugih Village may enable the high numbers of Culex spp. Anopheles spp. and Aedes spp. mosquitoes. The findings of this study suggest the rationale for the high cases of filariasis in Banyuasin District. Future research should be directed to reveal mosquitoes’ dispersal pattern and its potential as disease vector, the risk of transmitted disease, and further prevention to reduce the number of filariasis cases.
The morphological diversity of Chrysanthemum resulted from gamma ray irradiation
Authors: SUSILA EMI , SUSILOWATI ARI , YUNUS AHMAD
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Susila E, Susilowati A, Yunus A. 2019. The morphological diversity of Chrysanthemum resulted from gamma ray irradiation. Biodiversitas 20: 463-467. Chrysanthemum is a popular ornamental plant. The high market demand makes breeders develop new cultivars to meet market preferences. One way to get superior varieties of Chrysanthemum is by using gamma ray mutation induction which will increase the morphological variations. The purpose of this study is to determine the Chrysanthemum’s morphological diversity resulted from gamma irradiation through morphological markers. This experimental research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, i.e. radiation doses: 0 Gy (control), 10 Gy, 15 Gy, and 20 Gy. The observations were carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 15.0 and the NTSYS (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System) 2.02 program. The results showed that increasing the dose of gamma irradiation inhibited plant growth. Irradiation at 10 Gy and 20 Gy produced the most color changes in flowers compared to other doses. The basic color of 0 Gy irradiation is purple. Irradiation at 10 Gy and 20 Gy produced dark purple and deep red. Quantitative data showed that the treatment of gamma ray irradiation significantly affected the leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, stem length, and diameter of flowers. The irradiation also caused changes in shape and texture of the leaves. The dendrogram showed that 20 Gy irradiation resulted the most diverse morphology compared to the control, 10 Gy and 15 Gy.
Short Communication: Phenotypic diversity of male Burgo chicken from Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: SETIANTO JOHAN , SUTRIYONO SUTRIYONO , PRAKOSO HARDI , ZAIN BASYARUDDIN , ADWIYANSYAH RIFKY , AMRULLAH AMIR HUSAINI KARIM
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Setianto J, Sutriyono, Prakoso H, Zain B, Adwiyansyah R, Amrullah AHK. 2019. Short Communication: Phenotypic diversity of male Burgo chicken from Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 532-536. Burgo chicken is the result of a crossbreed of Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus gallus) with Kampung chicken (Gallus domestica). This study aimed to describe the diversity of colors found in male Burgo chickens. The study was conducted in the city of Bengkulu, Indonesia. The method used in this study was a direct observation of the 50 male chickens on the breeders. The breeders belonging to the Burgo chicken community were determined by random sampling method. The breeders who did not join the community were determined by the snowball sampling method. This method was carried out because the presence of breeders who keep Burgo chickens was unknown. The data in this study consisted of the color of chest feathers, neck feathers, wing feathers, tail feathers, saddle feathers, and the number of wing and tail feathers. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The number of colors ranges 4 to 11 with the high diversity is mainly found on the feathers of the chest, neck and, saddle.
Short Communication: Estimation of the above- and below-ground carbon stocks in University of Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: BANUWA IRWAN SUKRI , AFRILIYANTI RIZKI , UTOMO MUHAJIR , YUSNAINI SRI , RINIARTI MELYA , SANJAYA PURBA , SUROSO ERDI , HIDAYAT WAHYU
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Banuwa IS, Afriliyanti R, Utomo M, Yusnaini S, Riniarti M, Sanjaya P, Suroso E, Hidayat W. 2019. Short Communication: Estimation of the above- and below-ground carbon stocks in University of Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 676-681. University of Lampung in Indonesia has been promoting green campus program since 2004 to meet environmental goals, including specific targets for energy and CO2 reductions. This study was conducted to establish baseline data on the carbon stock and carbon sequestered in the campus of University of Lampung in order to support the program. The above-ground carbon stocks were estimated from tree biomass, understory biomass, and litters, while under-ground carbon stocks were measured by determining the organic carbon in soil. The results showed that the average above-ground carbon stock was 35.65 t.ha-1, consisted of 35.10 t.ha-1, 0.18 t.ha-1, and 0.12 t.ha-1 from trees biomass, understory biomass, and litters, respectively. The average below-ground carbon stock was 317.33 t.ha-1 and the CO2 uptake by plants was 130.74 t.ha-1. The Faculty of Agriculture with the largest area of green open space contributed to the highest carbon stocks and carbon sequestration, while the Faculty of Medicine showed the lowest values. The results could be essential to suggest the climate change mitigation effort, such as the expansion and optimization of green spaces area.
Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from roots of Piper nigrum and their activities against Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: WIRATNO WIRATNO , SYAKIR MUHAMMAD , SUCIPTO IRWANTO , PRADANA ANKARDIANSYAH PANDU
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Wiratno, Syakir M, Sucipto I, Pradana AP. 2019. Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from roots of Piper nigrum and their activities against Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita. Biodiversitas 20: 682-687. The endophytic bacteria from spices plants have potential as biocontrol agents. Nevertheless, their potential has not been explored. Pepper plant (Piper nigrum L.) is linked with promising endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents. This study aimed to obtain isolates of endophytic bacteria from root tissues of pepper plant. The isolation of endophytic bacteria was done using surface-sterilization method and using Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) medium. The result showed that 10 endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated. We found that a total of 9 bacteria were safe for plants and mammals and used for subsequent steps. The selected bacteria showed inhibition activity of Fusarium oxysporum (18.6 to 43.7%). Furthermore, the secondary metabolites of the endophytic bacteria also promoted lethal effects on Meloidogyne incognita (16.6 to 65.8%). The physiological activity also showed that seven isolates were able to produce chitinase, and four (4) isolates were able to produce protease. Additionally, 55.6% of isolates were also able to dissolve phosphorus and fix nitrogen. This study provided fundamental information related to the biocontrol properties of endophytic bacteria isolated from pepper plant roots.
The genetic diversity and population structure of shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) in Indonesia based on R gene-derived markers
Authors: HERLINA LINA , REFLINUR REFLINUR , SOBIR SOBIR , MAHARIJAYA AWANG , WIYONO SURYO
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Herlina L, Reflinur, Sobir, Maharijaya A, Wiyono S. 2019. The genetic diversity and population structure of shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) in Indonesia based on R gene-derived markers. Biodiversitas 20: 696-703. Molecular markers are very useful for determining plant genetic diversity, especially when they are associated with useful traits. In shallots, type of markers still very limited. Therefore, development of new molecular markers is challenging if the future demand for this crop is to be met. The present study reports the genetic diversity analysis of 36 accessions of shallots using molecular markers derived from partial R gene sequences. Six polymorphic R gene-derived markers (Acepa-1, Acepa-2, Acepa-3, Acepa-4, Acepa-5, and Acepa-6) were developed and applied to analyze the genetic diversity of shallots in Indonesia. These loci produced a total of 963 alleles with an average of 0.51 + 0.77 alleles per marker. The polymorphic information content value ranged from 0.2784 to 0.5236 with an average of 0.36015. The markers were able to differentiate the shallot genotypes into three major clusters, suggesting that shallots are characterized by poor levels of genetic diversity in Indonesia. After further validation, the markers will be very useful, serving as tools to support the breeding of disease-resistant shallot varieties.
Seed germination of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero: An endemic Spanish endangered species
Authors: RIBEIRO KAROLINE APARECIDA FELIX , DE MEDEIROS CRISTIAN MADEIRA , SÁNCHEZ-AGUDO JOSÉ ÁNGEL , SÁNCHEZ-SÁNCHEZ JOSÉ
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Ribeiro KAF, Madeira de Medeiros C, Agudo JAS, Sánchez JS. 2019. Seed germination of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero: An endemic Spanish endangered species. Biodiversitas 20: xxxx. Strategies to halt the decline of biodiversity include: in-situ and ex-situ conservation, the latter already considered at the global level essential in conservation programs. The results of the germinative responses of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero (Cyperaceae), an endemic Spanish endangered species, are presented in this work, to different trials carried out in the laboratory with seeds harvested in the two known populations of that community. Treatments with and without 0.2% potassium nitrate (KNO3) were tested for four, six and eight months in cold stratification at 5 °C in two germination chambers at different temperatures (22/10 °C and 27/15 °C with a photoperiod of 12/12 hours). The results indicate that there is a large difference in germination rates between the two populations. The use of KNO3 did not increase germination rates in any case, but differences were found between periods of cold stratification, with six months being the most effective. On the other hand, the germination rates of both populations remain low (17.58% and 2%) compared to the obtained rate of seed viability. With this first approach to the understanding of the germination requirements of C. lainzii, it becomes clear that new essays are needed to obtain better results, in order to effectively implement the protection plans of C. lainzii populations.
Local knowledge on landscape sustainable-hydrological management reduces soil CO2 emission, fire risk and biomass loss in West Kalimantan Peatland, Indonesia
Authors: ASTIANI DWI , TAHERZADEH MOHAMMAD J , GUSMAYANTI EVI , WIDIASTUTI TRI , BURHANUDDIN BURHANUDDIN
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Astiani D, Taherzadeh MJ, Gusmayanti E, Widiastuti T, Burhanuddin. 2019. Local knowledge on landscape sustainable-hydrological management reduces soil CO2 emission, fire risk and biomass loss in West Kalimantan Peatland, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 725-731.  Local knowledge in managing peatlands, especially in the area of peat hydrology, has been practiced through generations to manage peatlands for agriculture and small scale gardens. Farmers in West Kalimantan have developed the way to conserve water by making simple dams using soil or woody plants to hold water from the peat upstream areas on small channels or rivers. To reduce puddles during rain or tides, people make small trenches, so-called parit cacing in the middle of the larger channel. The trench cross-section size is ~30-40 cm2. This channel can maintain the peat water level to the extent of the depth of the channel. These channels, at the same time, are useful, for a clear, easy land ownership border for one farmer family land. The results of CO2 emissions assessment at various water levels on the peatland landscape demonstrate that the landscape which surrounded by the parit cacing trenches can maintain lower CO2 emissions compared to the one that has deeper water levels. The knowledge to develop this channel has also reduced the risk of peatland fire hazard and the amount of peat biomass loss on a fire event. An assessment on the effect of water level on the loss of peat biomass when burned, reduce 30-78% loss risks if compared to water table depth of 60-80cm, which is assumed as general practices on peatland recently. The practices of the knowledge on peatlands hydrology management can reduce the risk of peatland soil CO2 emission as well as loss of peat mass through decomposition and during peat fires.
The Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) density in a logging concession of Hulu Belantikan, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: SAPARI IMAN , PERWITASARI-FARAJALLAH DYAH , UTAMI ATMOKO SRI SUCI
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Sapari I, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Utami Atmoko SS. 2019. The Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) density in a logging concession of Hulu Belantikan, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 878-883. The Bornean orangutan is currently categorized as a critically endangered species. It is found in natural forests in Borneo, where about 78% of the total population is found outside protected areas, of which 29% is in logging concessions. This study aimed to analyze the density of the orangutan population and the abundance of fruiting plants in a logging concession and Protection Forest (Hutan Lindung) in the Hulu Belantikan forests in Lamandau District, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Research and data collection was conducted between December 2013 to October 2014. Orangutan population density was calculated using line transect methodology based on nest counts. Abundance of fruit plants was calculated using the fruit trail method. The highest orangutan density, 4.8 individuals/km2, was found in Protection Forest; and the lowest density, 0.4 individuals/km2, was in [Sopanan] the 2013 logging block. Observations in the logging area indicated that selective logging could alter the structure and gap of the canopy and reduce the proportion of large trees. Changes in forest structure resulted in negative effects on the density of the orangutan population. The remaining degraded forests can still be a valuable resource for the orangutan. As long as the disturbance is not intensive, orangutans will retain access to the less disturbed forest nearby and to forests that are still connected to primary forests. The existence of Protection Forest and old logged-over forests around logging blocks are very important for conservation, providing refugia for orangutans and other species when logging occurs.
Short Communication: Pollen diversity in the Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia
Authors: SUDARMONO SUDARMONO
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Sudarmono. 2018. Short Communication: Pollen diversity in the Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 931-936. Pollen morphology influenced the process of plants evolution. Bogor Botanic Gardens has many living collections in terms of pollen diversity. The purpose of this study was observed at the diversity of pollen morphology at the Bogor Botanic Gardens and its implications for the pollen conservation of plants in the collection. The method used is cleaning the pollen using Glacial Acetic Acid (AAG), then examined using a light microscope in the tissue culture laboratory of Bogor Botanic Gardens. There were 35 specimens that were analyzed and the results were randomly shaped pollen from radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry to its combination with monocolpate, tricolpate, pericolpate and stephanocolpate. While aperture types were the monoporate type with 5 specimens, monocolpate 10 specimens, tricolpate 11 specimens, stephanocolpate 4 specimens, periporate 4 specimens, and syncolpate 1 specimen. Three specimens families Caesalpiniaceae (order Fabales) has the shape of pollen vary, i.e radial symmetry monocolpate and radial symmetry tricolpate. Similarly, two specimens of the family Araliaceae (Apiales) different shapes, namely radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry tricolpate. In Asteraceae and Asclepiadaceae has the same shape, the radial symmetry tricolpate. Overall of 35 specimens then there are 22 specimens of radial symmetry and 13 specimens of bilateral symmetry. For the same family have the same ornamentation, for example in the Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, and Rutaceae. But the uniqueness occurs in the family of Arecaceae or palm family that show the diversity in the shape and size of pollen in each genus. Pollen morphology analysis through a combination of morphological data, palynology, and molecular samples more would be better. Pollen bank as pollen in the living collections of Bogor Botanic Gardens is needed to germplasm conservation of endangered plants in Indonesia.
The The favorable alleles of AKIRIN2:c.*188G>A, EDG1:c.-312A>G and TTN:g.231054C>T as candidate markers for high-marbling are very low in Bali cattle
Authors: ANWAR SAIFUL , WULANDARI ARI SULISTYO , PUTRA WIDYA PINTAKA BAYU , SAID SYAHRUDDIN
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Anwar S, Wulandari AS, Putra WPB, Said S. 2019. The favorable alleles of AKIRIN2:c.*188G>A, EDG1:c.-312A>G and TTN:g.231054C>T as candidate markers for high-marbling are very low in Bali cattle. Biodiversitas 20: 965-970. Marbling is one of primary factors influencing the palatability of beef. The AKIRIN2, EDG1 and TTN genes are considered as the three candidate genes responsible for high-marbling in beef cattle. This study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphism of the SNPs of AKIRIN2:c.*188G>A, EDG1:c.-312A>G and TTN g.231054C>T in Bali cattle. A total of 125 DNA samples of Bali cattle were genotyped for AKIRIN2 and TTN gene and 82 DNA samples for EDG1 gene using PCR-RFLP method. In the present study, it was found that the A allele of AKIRIN2:c.*188G>A, the G allele of EDG1:c.-312A>G and the T allele of TTN g.231054C>T that considered as the favorable alleles were found to be very low in Bali cattle (0.004, 0.000, and 0.004, respectively). This results indicated that the polymorphism of AKIRIN2:c.*188G>A, EDG1:c.-312A>G and TTN g.231054C>T were very low and can be considered as monomorphic in Bali cattle. These findings suggested that Bali cattle may not genetically potential as a high-marbling cattle breed. However, the other specific genes for high-marbling still needs to be investigated in Bali cattle.
The abundance and diversity of Mollusks in mangrove ecosystem at coastal area of North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: BADERAN DEWI WAHYUNI K. , HAMIDUN MARINI SUSANTI , UTINA RAMLI , RAHIM SUKIRMAN , DALI RIFAL
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Baderan DWK, Hamidun MS, Utina R, Rahim S, Dali R. 2019. The abundance and diversity of Mollusks in mangrove ecosystem at coastal area of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 987-993. The study reported in this paper sought to analyze the abundance and diversity of Mollusks species in the coastal mangrove areas of Panango in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data collected in the study lent support to policy making in reducing the loss of marine biotic species in the coastal mangrove areas. Data collection used stratified-random sampling method (plot size was 10 m x 10 m) with three plots at each research station was used. Data analyzed by Odum formula for abundance, Shannon Wiener index for diversity and evenness index for evenness. The samples were collected from 2 research station covering 15 sampling sites. This research found 14 families of mollusks comprised of 11 gastropod families (21 species) and bivalve families (3 types). The highest of the relative density was found in Terebralia sp (24,24%), and the lowest relative density was obtained (1,52%) in the following species: Spondylus violaceus, Conus sp., Semiricinula turbinoides, and Faunus ater. The diversity index of mollusks species (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) at the observation station was classified as a high category, indicating by H’ >3,32 (Station I H’= 2,19 and Station II H’= 2,12). The evenness value in range 0,4<e<0,6. This indicates that the Mollusks species found in the research site had a medium amount. This study suggests a need to regulate mangrove areas of Panango for sustainable mangrove ecosystems management.
To robber flies fauna (Diptera: Asilidae) of Mordovia, Russia
Authors: ASTAKHOV DMITRY M , RUCHIN ALEXANDER B , ROMADINA OLGA D , PRISTREM IVAN M
Published: March 2019

Abstract. On the basis of long-term data (2007-2018), the fauna of robber flies (Asilidae) of the Republic of Mordovia was studied. Taking into account our own and literary data, 35 species of robber flies from 18 genera were noted. Of them, 19 species were noticed in the Republic of Mordovia for the first time. We presented the photos of morphological traits of Choerades fuliginosa (Panzer, [1798]), Choerades gilva (Linnaeus, 1758), Choerades ignea (Meigen, 1820), Laphria gibbosa (Linnaeus, 1758), Andrenosoma albibarbe (Meigen, 1820), Andrenosoma atra (Linnaeus, 1758), Didysmachus picipes (Meigen, 1820), Dysmachus stylifer (Loew, 1854), Pamponerus germanicus (Linnaeus, 1758), Philonicus albiceps (Meigen, 1820), Machimus gonatistes (Zeller,1840), Neoitamus cothurnatus (Meigen,1820), Neoitamus cyanurus (Loew, 1849), Dioctria atricapilla Meigen, 1804, Leptogaster cylindrica (De Geer, 1776).
Short Communication: Species identity and taxonomical position of selected species of Annonaceae based on trnL molecular marker
Authors: LESTARI DEWI AYU , AZRIANINGSIH RODIYATI
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Lestari DA, Azrianingsih R. 2019. Species identity and taxonomical position of selected species of Annonaceae based on trnL molecular marker. Biodiversitas 20: 1012-1019. Identification based on morphological characters could be difficult when some characters are not visible. The absence of some morphological characters could effect for identification of species identity and taxonomical position of the species. Confirmation by the DNA data is needed to support species identification. The sequence was used in this research is trnL intron as non-coding sequence DNA, based on chloroplast DNA. The research aimed to estimate of species identity and determine of taxonomical position of species of Annonaceae based on trnL sequences. Methods were used through steps of DNA extraction, DNA amplification, DNA sequencing, and data analysis to selected species of Annonaceae from Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG), the trnL intron sequences of 10 Annonaceae species from GenBank database and two species of Magnoliaceae as out-group. Results showed that trnL sequence as non-coding gene explains the different groupings with the previous groupings in Annonaceae to this observed species. trnL sequence can estimate of species identity as much as 30%, caused by changes of nucleotide bases from mutation and missing data. Polymorphism of DNA sequences showed that 61.18% sites as conserved region, 24.05% sites as polymorphic variation and 14.76% sites as alignment gaps. Oxymitra sp. is in group (monophyletic) with Mitrephora javanica because they are genetically in close relationship (Uvariae tribes and Annonoideae sub-family), Popowia sp. is in group with Orophea enterocarpa, because they are genetically in close relationship (Miliuseae tribes and Malmeoideae sub-family).
Multi-dimensional rapid appraisal technique for evaluating the sustainability of energy plantation forests in East Lombok District, Indonesia
Authors: NARENDRA BUDI HADI , WIDIATMAKA WIDIATMAKA , KUSMANA CECEP , KARLINASARI LINA , MACHFUD MACHFUD
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Narendra BH, Widiatmaka, Kusmana C, Karlinasari L, Machfud. 2019. Multi-dimensional rapid appraisal technique for evaluating the sustainability of energy plantation forests in East Lombok District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1027-1033. The increased use of woody biomass as a renewable energy source should be supported by development of sustainable energy plantation forest. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability status of energy plantation forest in East Lombok District and to determine the leverage attributes affecting sustainability. The evaluation was carried out using rapid appraisal approach, consisting of multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis to provide sustainability indices for ecological, economic and social dimensions, followed by Monte Carlo simulation to define the validity. Dominant attributes affecting the sustainability were assessed by sensitivity analysis. All analyses were executed using the R software. The evaluation of eight locations generally results in a quite sustainable status for ecological, social, and economic dimensions with the validity index values of 72.73%, 61.07%, and 58.49%, respectively. To maintain or enhance sustainability, some leverage attributes need to be prioritized for policy intervention. In the ecological dimension, increasing species diversity using some potential energy woody species should be prioritized. In the social dimension, optimizing the role and capability of forest farmer groups and their members is needed, while for the economic dimension, government should support the expanding area of energy plantation forest managed by each farmer.
A checklist and conservation status of the medicinal plants of Mount Arayat National Park, Pampanga, Philippines
Authors: SUBA MARLON DL , ARRIOLA AXEL H , ALEJANDRO GRECEBIO JONATHAN D
Published: March 2019

A checklist of medicinal plants in a natural area is fundamental not only it provides an updated reference but also it gives the current status of biodiversity.  In this study, available medicinal plants in Mt. Arayat National Park (MANP) was documented.  Existing and comprehensive references on Philippine medicinal plants were used to assess the medicinal values.  To determine their conservation status, the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and list from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in the Philippines were accessed.  Results indicated a total of 60 species under 27 families were recorded in MANP.  Out of the 27 families, Leguminosae represented the highest number of medicinal plants and the genus Ficus has the most number of species.  Based on literature, most of the plants were used to treat infectious and parasitic diseases and diseases of the digestive system.  In terms of the conservation status, IUCN has assessed 6 vulnerable and 5 least concern species while DENR has listed 1 vulnerable species and the rest of the medicinal plants were marked as not evaluated.  This checklist provides data of various medicinal plants which aims to emphasize their uses and the need of conservation.
Sexual dimorphism in morphometric characters of Mystus singaringan from Klawing River in Central Java, Indonesia: Strategic instruction for conservation development
Authors: PRAMONO TAUFIK BUDHI , ARFIATI DIANA , WIDODO MAHENO SRI , YANUHAR UUN
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Pramono TB, Arfiati D, Widodo MS, Yanuhar U. 2019. Sexual dimorphism in morphometric characters of Mystus singaringan from Klawing River in Central Java, Indonesia: Strategic instruction for conservation development. Biodiversitas 20: 1133-1139. This study aims to determine the sexual dimorphism of Mystus singaringan (Senggaringan fish) based on morphometric characters. The measurement of 24 morphometric characters in 30 M. singaringan from Klawing River was carried out using a digital caliper (0.01 mm). Morphometric data of M. singaringan analyzed using t-test have showed significant difference in 12 morphometric characters between sexes, such as standard length, head height, distance of the tip of the muzzle to eyes, distance of the tip of the muzzle to adipose fin, height of dorsal fin, height of pectoral fin, basic length of adipose fin, height of adipose fin, maximum height, length of first nasal barbel, length of first mandibular barbel, and length of second mandibular barbel. Analysis of growth of morphometric characters shows that there is a linear relationship between all morphometric characters and total length. The type of growth of all morphometric characters in both male and female M. singaringan is negative allometric.
Hydrolytic enzymes-producing ability of species of actinomycetes and bacteria associated with wilted banana plants (Musa sp.)
Authors: ARDHI AULIA , AHMAD KARINA CUCHA , NOVRIANTI HANITA , HUSNA ERA YURISA , YULIS MARDI , PRATIWI NOVA WAHYU , SARYONO SARYONO
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Ardhi A, Ahmad KC, Novrianti H, Husna EY, Yulis M, Pratiwi NW, Saryono. 2019. Hydrolytic enzymes-producing ability of species of actinomycetes and bacteria associated with wilted banana plants (Musa sp.). Biodiversitas 20: 1147-1153. Banana plants contain many nutrients that enable microbes to grow and attack them, causing wilting disease. Microbes growing on the stumps and soil around banana plants are believed to have the ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of actinomycetes and bacteria isolated from the stumps and soil of wilted banana plants in producing hydrolytic enzymes, namely cellulase, inulinase, amylase, and protease. The confirmation tests of hydrolytic enzymes-producing ability were conducted by inoculating the microbes into media containing CMC, inulin, starch, and skim milk, using the method of paper disc diffusion. From the subculture results, there were 18 isolates of actinomycetes which have been identified as Nocardia, Actinobiospora, Nocardiopsis, Streptomyces, Streptoverticillium, Streptosporangium, and Microbiospora, as well as 40 bacterial isolates with 9 genera of bacteria, namely Xanthomonas, Erwinia, Pesudomonas, Proteus, Ralstonia, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Caulobacter, and Neisseria, were found. As many as 8 actinomycetes and 40 bacterial isolates indicated the ability to degrade amylum, 39 bacterial and 18 actinomycetes isolates could degrade cellulose, 34 bacterial and 13 actinomycetes isolates could degrade inulin. The highest cellulase ratio was shown by Nocardia sp. LBKURCC101 (3.43) and Ralstonia sp. LBKURCC112 (3.90). The actinomycetes isolate of Nocardia sp. LBKURCC104 and bacteria Pseudomonas sp. LBKURCC133 gave the highest inulinase ratio of 3.36 and 3.47 respectively. In selective amylase media, the highest ratio of 3.10 and 3.80 was found in actinomycetes Nocardia sp. LBKURCC104 and bacteria Erwinia sp. LBKURCC125.
A novel Bacillus sp. isolated from rotten seaweed: Identification and characterization alginate lyase its produced
Authors: ZILDA DEWI SESWITA , YULIANTI YULIYANTI , SHOLIHAH RIZKY FAUZIYAH , SUBARYONO SUBARYONO , FAWZYA YUSRO NURI , IRIANTO HARI EKO
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Zilda DS, Yulianti Y, Sholihah RF, Subaryono S, Fawzya YN, Irianto HE.2019. A novel Bacillus sp. isolated from rotten seaweed: identification and characterization alginate lyase its produced. Biodiversitas 20: 1166-1172. Alginate lyase has been known as potential biocatalyst not only for industrial but also medicinal application especially for the production of oligosaccharides which have distinct bioactivities. An alginate lyase, AlgT513, has been isolated from rotten seaweed bacterium strain T513 and characterized. The bacterium showed low similarity (95%) with Bacillus tequilensis strain 10b based on 16S rDNA sequence indicating that AlgT513may be a novel Bacillus species. The bacterium forms a clear zone on solid medium with 0.5% sodium alginate addition. The optimum temperature and pH were 50ºC and 8 respectively. AlgT513 maintained stability at board pHs of 4-9 and temperature of 45ºC. Metal ions Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+ increase the activity of the enzyme while Zn2+, Co2+ and Li+ strongly inhibit it. NaCl inhibits AlgT513 activity where most of the alginate lyases need it to reach maximum activity. AlgT513 is suggested as a serine metalloenzyme due to inhibition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF).
Blind-Spots in Aristotle’s Doctrine of the Perceptual Mean
Authors: Grasso Roberto
Published: March 2019

This paper aims to identify several interpretive problems posed by the final part ofDAII.11 (423b27–424 a10), where Aristotle intertwines the thesis that a sense is like a ‘mean’ and an explanation for the existence of a ‘blind spot’ related to the sense of touch, adding the further contention that we are capable of discriminating because the mean ‘becomes the other opposite’ in relation to the perceptible property being perceived. To solve those problems, the paper explores a novel interpretation of Aristotle’s claims, arguing that they describe a homeostatic physiological reaction by which the sensory apparatus responds to perceptible stimuli. According to the proposed interpretation, such homeostatic reaction constitutes a necessary condition for perceiving what Aristotle refers to as ‘proper’ perceptible features, which include properties like ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ as well as colors and sounds.
Complex Wisdom in the Euthydemus
Authors: Fox Joshua I.
Published: March 2019

In the Euthydemus, Socrates is presented as an eager student of seemingly trivial arts, earning derision both for desiring to master the peculiar art of Euthydemus and Dionysodorus and for studying the harp in his old age. I explain Socrates’ interest in these apparently trivial arts by way of a novel reading of the first protreptic argument, suggesting that the wisdom Socrates praises is complex in nature, securing the happiness of its possessor only insofar as it is composed of both ordinary productive knowledge and ethically productive knowledge. This reading of the first protreptic makes sense of the otherwise perplexing second protreptic, explaining why Socrates is so keen to identify an art which makes what it uses. Wisdom acts as a reliable source of benefit only insofar as it is a complex composed of multiple different arts and types of knowledge. These arts, however, can only be acquired one at a time – if no single art is capable of combining the powers of both ordinary productive knowledge and ethically productive knowledge in the way that wisdom as a whole does, then the pursuit of wisdom will fail to offer reliable benefit despite the reliably beneficial nature of its possession. Thus, it is appropriate for the Euthydemus to conclude with Socrates telling Crito to take courage and pursue philosophy despite the seemingly harmful effects that its pursuit has had on others. Euthydemus and Dionysodorus represent the danger facing the aspiring philosopher, the possibility of being ruined by independent possession of the particular kind of ordinary productive knowledge on which philosophical activity depends – verbal mastery, the grasp of subtle conceptual distinctions needed both to argumentatively reveal reality and to argumentatively obscure it, to reliably equivocate and to reliably avoid equivocation.
Adaptive GLOH with PSO-trained NN for the recognition of plastic surgery faces and their types
Authors: Sable Archana Harsing , Talbar Sanjay N.
Published: March 2019

Numerous algorithms have met complexity in recognizing the face, which is invariant to plastic surgery, owing to the texture variations in the skin. Though plastic surgery serves to be a challenging issue in the domain of face recognition, the concerned theme has to be restudied for its hypothetical and experimental perspectives. In this paper, Adaptive Gradient Location and Orientation Histogram (AGLOH)-based feature extraction is proposed to accomplish effective plastic surgery face recognition. The proposed features are extracted from the granular space of the faces. Additionally, the variants of the local binary pattern are also extracted to accompany the AGLOH features. Subsequently, the feature dimensionality is reduced using principal component analysis (PCA) to train the artificial neural network. The paper trains the neural network using particle swarm optimization, despite utilizing the traditional learning algorithms. The experimentation involved 452 plastic surgery faces from blepharoplasty, brow lift, liposhaving, malar augmentation, mentoplasty, otoplasty, rhinoplasty, rhytidectomy and skin peeling. Finally, the proposed AGLOH proves its performance dominance.
Kuranishi-type moduli spaces for proper CR-submersions fibering over the circle
Authors: Meersseman Laurent
Published: March 2019

Kuranishi’s fundamental result (1962) associates to any compact complex manifold

X
0

{X_{0}}

a finite-dimensional analytic space which has to be thought of as a local moduli space of complex structures close to

X
0

{X_{0}}

. In this paper, we give an analogous statement for Levi-flat CR-manifolds fibering properly over the circle by associating to any such

𝒳
0

{\mathcal{X}_{0}}

the loop space of a finite-dimensional analytic space which serves as a local moduli space of CR-structures close to

𝒳
0

{\mathcal{X}_{0}}

. We then develop in this context a Kodaira–Spencer deformation theory making clear the likenesses as well as the differences with the classical case. The article ends with applications and examples.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital mirror foot: case report and review
Authors: Norwitz Gabriella , Farley Frances , Berman Deborah Rose
Published: March 2019

Polydactyly refers to a group of congenital anomalies characterized by the presence of more than five fingers or toes per extremity. Mirror foot is an extreme and rare form of foot polydactyly characterized by the presence of extra tarsal bones and digits and is most often an isolated finding recognized at birth. Here, we report the first case of mirror foot diagnosed prenatally at the time of routine second trimester ultrasound. This early diagnosis allowed for thorough counseling that provided the family adequate time to process the diagnosis and prepare for neonatal management.
Penalty-based smoothness conditions in convex variational regularization
Authors: Hofmann Bernd , Kindermann Stefan , Mathé Peter
Published: March 2019

The authors study Tikhonov regularization of linear ill-posed problems with a general convex penalty defined on a Banach space. It is well known that the error analysis requires smoothness assumptions. Here such assumptions are given in form of inequalities involving only the family of noise-free minimizers along the regularization parameter and the (unknown) penalty-minimizing solution. These inequalities control, respectively, the defect of the penalty, or likewise, the defect of the whole Tikhonov functional. The main results provide error bounds for a Bregman distance, which split into two summands: the first smoothness-dependent term does not depend on the noise level, whereas the second term includes the noise level. This resembles the situation of standard quadratic Tikhonov regularization in Hilbert spaces. It is shown that variational inequalities, as these were studied recently, imply the validity of the assumptions made here. Several examples highlight the results in specific applications.
A gradient-based approach for identification of the zeroth-order coefficient 𝑝(𝑥) in the parabolic equation 𝑢𝑡 = (𝑘(𝑥)𝑢𝑥)𝑥 − 𝑝(𝑥)𝑢 from Dirichlet-type measured output
Authors: Barış Şahin Pınar
Published: March 2019

This paper is devoted to the inverse problem of identifying an unknown spacewise-dependent zeroth-order coefficient

p
⁢

(
x
)

{p(x)}

in the 1D diffusion equation

u
t

=

(

k
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u
x

)

x

-

p
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

{u_{t}=(k(x)u_{x})_{x}-p(x)u}

from boundary Dirichlet measured output

f
⁢

(
t
)

:-

u
⁢

(
0
,
t
)

{f(t)\coloneq u(0,t)}

,

t
∈

[
0
,
T
]

{t\in[0,T]}

. Compactness and Lipschitz continuity of the input-output operator

Φ
⁢

[
p
]

:-

u
⁢

(
x
,
t
;
p
)

|

x
=

0
+

{\Phi[p]\coloneq u(x,t;p)|_{x=0^{+}}}

,

Φ
⁢

[
⋅
]

:

𝒫
⊂

H
1

⁢

(
0
,
l
)

↦

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
T
)

{\Phi[\,\cdot\,]\colon\mathcal{P}\subset H^{1}(0,l)\mapsto L^{2}(0,T)}

are proved.
Then an existence of a quasi-solution of the inverse problem is obtained. We prove Fréchet differentiability of the Tikhonov functional and derive an explicit gradient formula for the Fréchet gradient through the solutions of the direct and corresponding adjoint problems solutions. This allows to use gradient-type algorithms for the numerical solution of the considered inverse problem.