bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Support of 25 m deep excavation using ground anchors in Russia
Authors: Mothersille Devon , Duzceer Rasin , Gokalp Alp , Okumusoglu Bora
Published: February 2015

The paper describes the design, construction and testing of some 3600 temporary single-bore multiple anchors used to support the deep basement that formed part of the foundation support system for the Kuntsevo Plaza, a pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use development in the Kuntsevo district of south-western Moscow, Russia. Single-bore multiple-anchor technology was used effectively to provide support for a 45 m deep diaphragm wall constructed to support a 25 m deep excavation in the geotechnically challenging Moscow mixed soils, comprising combinations of low-strength clays, sands and silts. Previous attempts to sustain the required workloads of up 600 kN in the anchors had failed due to unacceptable creep. However, an understanding of the concept of progressive debonding, and the use of this knowledge in the design of efficient fixed anchor lengths, proved highly effective. Also, the introduction of fixed anchor enhancement techniques such as end-of-casing grouting in granular soils and post-grouting in cohesive soils enabled anchor capacities more than double those previously achieved in the prevailing ground conditions. Also described is the extensive programme of investigation tests conducted to establish important parameters regarding the behaviour of the ground and the performance data relating to the ground anchors that effectively limited wall displacements; this was a crucial requirement due to the sensitivity of adjacent underground services.
Effect of pre-heating on microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process
Authors: Nkansah-Boadu Frank , Srinivasan Asha , Liao Ping Huang , Lo Kwang Victor
Published: February 2015

Aerobic sewage sludge and dairy manure were pre-treated by conventional heating (CH) (40, 50 and 60°C) followed by microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW/H2O2-AOP) at 100 and 120°C for solids disintegration and nutrient release. Increasing CH and MW temperatures resulted in an increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration and volatile fatty acids in the treated solution. The maximum ratio of soluble to total chemical oxygen demand obtained for sewage sludge and dairy manure was 60% and 22%, respectively. The synergistic effect of microwave irradiation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was more pronounced for sewage sludge at high CH and MW temperatures. Temperature and treatment time played a significant role in releasing orthophosphates. A maximum orthophosphate-to-total phosphate ratio of 55% and 85% was obtained for sewage sludge and dairy manure, respectively. A simple energy balance reveals that the CH step proves to be advantageous during continuous real-time operation of MW/H2O2-AOP technology.
Experiencias de emprendimiento económico solidario: el caso de una asociación de recicladores en Bogotá
Authors: Valdés-Serrano Ernesto
Published: February 2015

Este artículo es el resultado parcial de un acompañamiento realizado en el 2011 a una experiencia de emprendimiento económico solidario desarrollada por recuperadores de basura en Bogotá, para mostrar sus posibilidades y limitaciones en el marco de las políticas públicas para el manejo de residuos sólidos. Su interés se centra en comprender los alcances y las condiciones de este tipo de organizaciones, debido a que su lógica de reproducción no es el capital, sino el trabajo y las comunidades que constituyen su base o referencia de existencia. El enfoque de la investigación en curso es cualitativo y participativo, y busca generar conocimiento por medio de la interacción con los protagonistas de esta experiencia organizativa; así se reconoce que ellos también son sujetos que portan y generan conocimiento relevante conforme a su praxis social.
Mimetismo económico y asincronía social del cooperativismo en Colombia
Authors: Monsalve-Z. Alveiro
Published: February 2015

Por haber nacido el cooperativismo en las entrañas de una lógica económica y social con profundas contradicciones entre sí —la lógica del sistema capitalista—, le es difícil diferenciarse de este en su práctica y en su racionalidad. La lógica del modelo capitalista tiene su propia identidad. La lógica del modelo cooperativo también tiene su propia identidad. Sinembargo, para coexistir en la práctica, es necesario que el cooperativismo se mimetice dentro del sistema capitalista con sus prácticas económicas individualistas y competitivas. Esta situación le resta identidad y eficacia social al cooperativismo y genera asimetría como propuesta innovadora en relación con la socioeconomía de la solidaridad. Se concluye que para superar este mimetismo y esta asincronía, es necesario que el cooperativismo sea realmente un sistema autónomo de desarrollo sostenible en el mundo.
Incorporating Feminism Into Rehabilitation Counselor Education
Authors: Jeon Mookyong
Published: February 2015

Purpose:The author describes how rehabilitation counselor educators can incorporate the feminist perspective in teaching rehabilitation counselors-in-training by exploring history, core values, and training methods of feminism.

Method:Based on a literature review, the author compares philosophy and concepts of rehabilitation counseling and feminism, reviews the models of feminist supervision, and explores its applicability to rehabilitation counseling.

Results:Feminism coincides with the philosophy of rehabilitation counseling in that both share similar perspectives that emphasize equity and justice. When incorporating feminism, the philosophical and conceptual tenets of rehabilitation counseling can be effectively trained through the practices of the rehabilitation counselor such as empowerment and advocacy for clients. Specifically, as a method to disseminate the core values of rehabilitation counseling, feminist supervision provides a structured model to train rehabilitation counselors-in-training.

Conclusions:The feminist approach can be incorporated as a viable training method for rehabilitation counselor educators in that feminism provides a useful framework in which not only to view gender, power, and diversity issues but also to train philosophy and core values of rehabilitation counseling.
Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 5 Mutation Causing Type-V Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Mathew Smitha Elizabeth , Santhanam Mona , Madhuri Vrisha
Published: February 2015

Case:

We report a case of heterozygous mutation of c.-14C>T in the 5′-untranslated region of the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 in a nine-year-old girl. She was diagnosed with type-V osteogenesis imperfecta based on the classic features of bone fragility, radial head dislocation, forearm interosseous membrane calcification, limited forearm rotation, hyperplastic callus formation, and radiodense metaphyseal bands, as well as absent blue sclerae, absence of hearing loss, and absence of dentinogenesis imperfecta.

Conclusion:

Although the differential diagnosis may include infantile cortical hypertrophy, child abuse, or a malignant tumor (e.g., osteosarcoma), the presence of typical clinical and radiographic features and characteristic gene mutation helps confirm the diagnosis of type-V osteogenesis imperfecta.
Impact of Nitrogen Fertility on the Production Performance of Four Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Farmaha Bhupinder Singh , Sims Albert L. , Wiersma Jochum J.
Published: February 2015

Under rainfed conditions, apart from genetic differences, N fertility is a major determinant of grain yield and grain N concentration of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., HRSW). The goal of this study was to determine if prescriptive N recommendations are needed or useful for individual HRSW cultivars to maximize their grain yield and grain N concentration. To answer this question, the impact of N fertility was determined on the production performance of four HRSW cultivars. Field experiments were conducted from 2010 to 2012 with Faller, Samson, Glenn, and Vantage cultivars known to vary in their potential to produce grain yield and grain N concentration at low, medium, and high N fertility levels. Averaged across treatments, grain yield in 2010, 2011, and 2012 was 5.4, 4.6, and 4.2 Mg ha−1. Differences in grain yields were observed only in 2011; Faller produced greater grain yield (5.2 Mg ha−1) than Glenn (4.4 Mg ha−1) and Vantage (4.5 Mg ha−1). In 2010 and 2012, Glenn and Vantage produced around 7 to 10% greater grain N concentration than Faller or Samson. Increasing N fertility from low to medium generally increased grain yield, total dry biomass, grain N concentration, grain N removal, as well as decreased nitrogen harvest index (NHI) and various N efficiencies; but no significant differences were observed when N fertility increased from medium to high. Nonsignificant N fertility and cultivar interaction for each measured parameter suggests that the varying N fertility had little effect on the genetic ability of the cultivars’ production performance.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of extreme weather events and other weather-related variables on Cryptosporidium and Giardia in fresh surface waters
Authors: Young Ian , Smith Ben A. , Fazil Aamir
Published: February 2015

Global climate change is expected to impact drinking water quality through multiple weather-related phenomena. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between various weather-related variables and the occurrence and concentration of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in fresh surface waters. We implemented a comprehensive search in four databases, screened 1,228 unique citations for relevance, extracted data from 107 relevant articles, and conducted random-effects meta-analysis on 16 key relationships. The average odds of identifying Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in fresh surface waters was 2.61 (95% CI = 1.63–4.21; I2 = 16%) and 2.87 (95% CI = 1.76–4.67; I2 = 0%) times higher, respectively, during and after extreme weather events compared to baseline conditions. Similarly, the average concentration of Cryptosporidium and Giardia identified under these conditions was also higher, by approximately 4.38 oocysts/100 L (95% CI = 2.01–9.54; I2 = 0%) and 2.68 cysts/100 L (95% CI = 1.08–6.55; I2 = 48%). Correlation relationships between other weather-related parameters and the density of these pathogens were frequently heterogeneous and indicated low to moderate effects. Meta-regression analyses identified different study-level factors that influenced the variability in these relationships. The results can be used as direct inputs for quantitative microbial risk assessment. Future research is warranted to investigate these effects and potential mitigation strategies in different settings and contexts.
Comparing the microbial risks associated with household drinking water supplies used in peri-urban communities of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Authors: Thomas K. , McBean E. , Shantz A. , Murphy H. M.
Published: February 2015

Most Cambodians lack access to a safe source of drinking water. Piped distribution systems are typically limited to major urban centers in Cambodia, and the remaining population relies on a variety of surface, rain, and groundwater sources. This study examines the household water supplies available to Phnom Penh's resettled peri-urban residents through a case-study approach of two communities. A quantitative microbial risk assessment is performed to assess the level of diarrheal disease risk faced by community members due to microbial contamination of drinking water. Risk levels found in this study exceed those associated with households consuming piped water. Filtered and boiled rain and tank water stored in a kettle, bucket/cooler, bucket with spigot or a 500 mL bottle were found to provide risk levels within one order-of-magnitude to the piped water available in Phnom Penh. Two primary concerns identified are the negation of the risk reductions gained by boiling due to prevailing poor storage practices and the use of highly contaminated source water.
The Impact of DC-power Layout on Stray Inductance of Bridge Arm in Power Converters
Authors: Zhu Yi-feng , Tao Hai-jun , Ge Qiong-xuan
Published: February 2015

In high power converter design, low-inductance busbar connecting DC capacitors and power devices is the
main concern to improve the quality of the whole power electronics system. There are several facts which affect the stray
inductance of bridge arm. This paper mainly analyzes the influence of DC-power layout on the stray inductance taking a
subway traction converter as example. The Psim9.0 software was used to calculate the stray inductance. The conclusion is
that DC-power connection should be put different side from DC capacitance because lower stray inductance can be obtained
than that of the same side. The simulation and experimental results are given to illustrate the effectiveness.
Experimental Response of RC Beams Strengthened in Shear by FRP Sheets
Authors: Grande E. , Imbimbo M. , Rasulo A.
Published: February 2015

The paper discusses the results of an experimental investigation carried out on reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in shear by externally bonded fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) sheets. The study is devoted to analyze the role that the transverse steel reinforcement and the beam slenderness ratio could play on the resistant mechanism of RC beams strengthened in shear by FRP composites. The results are summarized and analyzed in detail in the paper in terms of shear capacity, cracking pattern and shear resisting contribution of FRP.
Specific Densified Regions in the Postlaminar Human Glaucomatous Optic Nerve
Authors: May Christian Albrecht
Published: February 2015

Purpose:

To describe ‘densified regions’ in human postlaminar optic nerves of donors with the clinical diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG).

Methods:

Optic nerves of 25 eyes with POAG and of 19 eyes with PEXG were investigated. Clinical data and axon counts of Epon-embedded semi-thin sections were used to determine the stage of the disease. Ultrathin sections were performed of selected areas and studied with an electron microscope. Immunofluorescence staining of paraffin sections was performed including antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neural cellular adhesion molecule, vimentin and laminin.

Results:

Early changes in both types of glaucoma showed increased numbers of areas with a densified appearance. The lack of GFAP staining and of ultrastructurally light nuclei within these areas indicated loss of astroglia.

Conclusion:

For the first time, a special type of neurodegeneration in optic nerves with mild glaucomatous changes is described.
Effect of nitrogen on the distribution of biomass and element composition of the root system of miscanthus × giganteus
Authors: Dzeletovic Zeljko , Glamoclija Djordje
Published: February 2015

Perennial bioenergy grass crops, despite a relatively similar production of
aboveground biomass, show significant differences in the overall root
biomass. Rhizomes play a key role in economizing nutrients in miscanthus. The
aim of this research was to establish the effect of N (nitrogen) on the
distribution of biomass and concentration of major macro- and micronutrients
in the miscanthus root system, using simple experiment in pots. After two
years of growth, the rhizomes and roots were taken out of the pots, cleaned
of earth and analyzed. About 2/3 of the mass of the miscanthus root system
consist of rhizome mass. The overall dry biomass of newly formed rhizomes and
roots is decreased with the increase in the amount of applied N
fertilization. Thereby, the N concentration in the entire root system, as
well as in some of its parts, increased with the rise in applied amount of N.
Our results show that increasing amounts of applied N consistently negatively
correlate with P concentrations in the miscanthus root system, in contrast to
Mn concentrations, with which they correlate positively.
Beyond reproduction: Semiotic perspectives on musical performance
Authors: Cook Nicholas
Published: February 2015

The traditional musicological conception of performance is as the
reproduction of pre-existing texts. This makes no allowance for the extent to
which meaning emerges from the act of performance, and from the interactions
between the various participants in performance events. A broadly semiotic
approach focusses attention on such issues, and in this article I illustrate
such an approach in terms of the communicative function of the mazurka
?script? and the role of performance gesture in conditioning musical meaning.
I argue that, instead of thinking in terms of the reproduction of works, it
is better to borrow Jeff Pressing?s term and think in terms of performances
referencing scores, traditions, and other pre-existing entities: this way it
is possible to conceptualise performances that range from the Werktreue
ideology or tribute bands to parody or burlesque. Discourses of the
relationship between works and performances are mirrored by those between
performances and recordings, and consideration of the latter helps to clarify
features shared by both: creativity, collaboration, and semiosis.
Musical performance as storytelling: Memory, European integration, and the Baltic youth philharmonic оrchestra?
Authors: Ramnarine Tina
Published: February 2015

Storytelling has been theorized as a performative, narrative practice, but it
has not been employed often as a trope in studies of musical performance.
This article outlines a theoretical context for exploring the possibilities
of such a conceptual move within musicology by referring to the
anthropological and performance studies approaches of Turner and Schechner.
Benjamin?s reflection on the storyteller as a narrator of memory and history
frames the presentation of a case-study on the Baltic Youth Philharmonic
Orchestra.
On the status of music and musical instruments in Arabic culture after the advent of Islam
Authors: Sostaric Ada
Published: February 2015

This article bases its arguments mainly on data found in secondary literature
about the propriety of music in Arabic culture after the advent of Islam.
One of the oldest sources in Arabic on the subject is Damm al-mal?h? (The
Condemnation of Instruments of Diversion). In it, the author, Ibn Ab?
al-Duny? (823-894) condemned listening to music and musical instruments.
Subsequently, many books addressed the question of whether music is illicit
(ar. har?m). Western scholars defined this corpus of literature as a kind of
polemic about the permissibility of music and musical instruments in Islamic
culture. Since there is no verse (ar. ?ya) in the Qur??n which explicitly
forbids or allows music, and since, at the same time, the had?t literature
abounds with contradictory statements about the practice of the prophet
Muhammad regarding listening to music and musical instruments, this question
continues to resurface, either in the media or on web pages specifically
devoted to the issue. This topic is also quite interesting in terms of the
reflexions one can encounter in the Muslim areas of the ex-Yugoslav region.
At the same time, the article touches upon the special place that the Qur??n
recitation (ar. til?wat al-Qur??n) and Islamic call to prayer (ar. ad?n)
have in Muslim communities. We often find both of them in chapters on
religious music, and can, for instance, hear Gorans from Kosovo say
(colloquially) that one sings the call to prayer. Nevertheless, although
both the Recitation and the call to prayer employ the system of maq?ms found
in secular forms of music, in religious Islamic circles they have never been
defined as music, nor are they understood as such in Islamic public opinion.
It has been said innumerable times that it is not the (listening to) music
per se that is forbidden, but rather the circumstances surrounding music,
sometimes associated with the consumption of alcohol or similar behaviour,
which leads to transgression of Islamic ethical norms. And even though music
- as suggested by Henry George Farmer-was to be found in the private,
public, and religious life of the Arabs from pre-Islamic times to the
present (Farmer 1967: 17), and even despite it not being forbidden in Islam,
the status of the professional musician was never truly regarded as
respectable.
The ethnomusicological endeavors of Danica and Ljubica Jankovic
Authors: Zakic Mirjana
Published: February 2015

The pioneering efforts of Ljubica (1894-1974) and Danica (1898-1960) Jankovic
consisted of their systematic research and collecting of traditional dance
practice (folk dances), the methodological transcription, analysis and
systematizing of dances, as well as the theoretical interpretations of
numerous aspects of traditional dance. Their work resulted in the
establishment of Serbian ethnochoreology in the first half of the twentieth
century. As the extent of their activity in terms of transcribing musical
material in the form of the accompaniment to folk dances has not yet been
fully grasped by ethnomusicologists so far, the goal of this paper is to
present the results and to stress the contributions of Danica and Ljubica
Jankovic to the processes of the foundation and subsequent development of
ethnomusicology in Serbia. These contributions are to be seen in eight public
volumes of Folk Dances (1934-1964), whose methodological frame follows
several important empirical and theoretical scientific approaches: firstly,
analytical descriptive methodology of research, based on intense fieldwork
(resulting in 800 transcribed dances and melodies from former Yugoslavia);
secondly, excellent acquaintance with international trends in the field of
ethno-musicology, as well as with concepts of research concerning Serbian
folk culture; lastly, their inter-textual and interdisciplinary approach that
essentially looks for correlates between dance, music and the context of
performance. In this paper I shall elaborate in detail on the comments and
significant interpretations of vocal and instrumental melodies that accompany
folk dances made by the Jankovic sisters. These comments refer to stylistic
and genre characteristics, melodic and metro-rhythmic attributes, the
features of rural and urban melodies, the local characteristics of songs and
instruments, changes in the diachronic flow, and to the characteristic
relations of choreological and musical structural elements.
The Effect of Regulatory Benchmarks on Firm Reporting Behavior
Authors: Fan Yun , Thomas Wayne B. , Wang Chong
Published: February 2015

Accounting researchers question the effect of (“bright-line”) regulations on firms' financial reporting behavior. To offer evidence on this issue, we take advantage of the regulatory environment in the Chinese setting. In China, regulators have created a bright-line at which firms must disclose within 30 days after the fiscal year-end expected changes in net income of 50 percent or greater. Consistent with earnings management to avoid reporting earnings that miss this explicit regulation-generated benchmark, we find that far more firms than would be expected just beat the −50 percent threshold (i.e., there is a distinct “kink” in the earnings change distribution at −50 percent). As further evidence of earnings management, firms just beating the −50 percent threshold have higher abnormal accruals and excess non-operating income. The ability of firms to avoid missing the −50 percent regulatory benchmark, however, is reduced for those with stronger monitoring (foreign investors, exchange regulators, and IFRS). We find no evidence of earnings management at the regulatory threshold of +50 percent change in net income. Overall, our study sheds light on firms' opportunistic reporting behavior to suppress bad news related to a regulatory benchmark and on the monitoring mechanisms associated with such behavior.
Exenatide Protects Against Glucose- and Lipid-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Evidence for Direct Vasodilation Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Humans
Authors: Koska Juraj , Sands Michelle , Burciu Camelia , D’Souza Karen M. , Raravikar Kalyani , Liu James , Truran Seth , Franco Daniel A. , Schwartz Eric A. , Schwenke Dawn C. , D’Alessio David , Migrino Raymond Q. , Reaven Peter D.
Published: February 2015

GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists may improve endothelial function (EF) via metabolic improvement and direct vascular action. The current study determined the effect of GLP-1R agonist exenatide on postprandial EF in type 2 diabetes and the mechanisms underlying GLP-1R agonist–mediated vasodilation. Two crossover studies were conducted: 36 participants with type 2 diabetes received subcutaneous exenatide or placebo for 11 days and EF, and glucose and lipid responses to breakfast and lunch were determined; and 32 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diet-controlled type 2 diabetes had EF measured before and after intravenous exenatide, with or without the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-9. Mechanisms of GLP-1R agonist action were studied ex vivo on human subcutaneous adipose tissue arterioles and endothelial cells. Subcutaneous exenatide increased postprandial EF independent of reductions in plasma glucose and triglycerides. Intravenous exenatide increased fasting EF, and exendin-9 abolished this effect. Exenatide elicited eNOS activation and NO production in endothelial cells, and induced dose-dependent vasorelaxation and reduced high-glucose or lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction in arterioles ex vivo. These effects were reduced with AMPK inhibition. In conclusion, exenatide augmented postprandial EF in subjects with diabetes and prevented high-glucose and lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction in human arterioles. These effects were largely direct, via GLP-1R and AMPK activation.
Cellular Stress, Excessive Apoptosis, and the Effect of Metformin in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetic Embryopathy
Authors: Wu Yanqing , Wang Fang , Fu Mao , Wang Cheng , Quon Michael J. , Yang Peixin
Published: February 2015

Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women of childbearing age has led to a higher incidence of diabetes-associated birth defects. We established a model of type 2 diabetic embryopathy by feeding 4-week-old female mice a high-fat diet (HFD) (60% fat). After 15 weeks on HFD, the mice showed characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and were mated with lean male mice. During pregnancy, control dams fed a normal diet (10% fat) were maintained on either normal diet or HFD, serving as a control group with elevated circulating free fatty acids. DM dams produced offspring at a rate of 11.3% for neural tube defect (NTD) formation, whereas no embryos in the control groups developed NTDs. Elevated markers of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, caspase activation, and neuroepithelial cell apoptosis (causal events in type 1 diabetic embryopathy) were observed in embryos of DM dams. DM dams treated with 200 mg/kg metformin in drinking water ameliorated fasting hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance with consequent reduction of cellular stress, apoptosis, and NTDs in their embryos. We conclude that cellular stress and apoptosis occur and that metformin effectively reduces type 2 diabetic embryopathy in a useful rodent model.
Post–Glucose Load Plasma α-Dicarbonyl Concentrations Are Increased in Individuals With Impaired Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes: The CODAM Study
Authors: Maessen Dionne E. , Hanssen Nordin M. , Scheijen Jean L. , van der Kallen Carla J. , van Greevenbroek Marleen M. , Stehouwer Coen D. , Schalkwijk Casper G.
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE

There is increasing evidence that postprandial glucose excursions play an important role in the development of vascular complications. The underlying mechanism is unknown, but glucose-derived formation of reactive α-dicarbonyl compounds may explain why acute hyperglycemia leads to increased risk for diabetes complications. In the current study, we investigated whether α-dicarbonyls are increased after a glucose load in individuals without or with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Cross-sectional, linear analyses were performed in the Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM [n = 574, 61% men, 60 years old]) study. Individuals with normal glucose metabolism (n = 279), IGM (n = 120), and type 2 diabetes (n = 92) who had complete data on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were not on insulin treatment were included in the study population. Plasma α-dicarbonyl (methylglyoxal [MGO], glyoxal [GO], and 3-deoxyglucosone [3-DG]) levels were measured in the fasting state and in samples of the OGTT by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS

The presence of both IGM and type 2 diabetes was significantly associated with higher α-dicarbonyl incremental areas under the curve (iAUCs), as calculated from the OGTT (for IGM, MGO β = 0.190 [95% CI 0.106–0.274], GO β = 0.287 [95% CI 0.172–0.401], and 3-DG β = 0.285 [95% CI 0.221–0.349]; for type 2 diabetes, MGO β = 0.293 [95% CI 0.180–0.405], GO β = 0.536 [95% CI 0.382–0.689], and 3-DG β = 0.542 [95% CI 0.456–0.628]). Adjustment for glucose iAUC attenuated these associations. iAUCs of the α-dicarbonyls correlated highly with glucose iAUC but not with fasting glucose levels or HbA1c.

CONCLUSIONS

The increased levels of α-dicarbonyls during an OGTT in individuals with IGM and type 2 diabetes underline the potential importance of α-dicarbonyl stress as a candidate to explain the increased risk of diabetes complications in individuals with postprandial hyperglycemia.
Habitat Preference of Great-Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major Linnaeus, 1758) and Lesser-Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor Linnaeus, 1758) in the Presence of Invasive Plant Species - Preliminary Study
Authors: Ónodi G´bor , Csörgö Tibor
Published: February 2015

This study was carried out in Hungary, in an old, unmanaged, riparian poplar-willow forest, where two invasive tree species, the green ash and the boxelder maple are presented and reproduce more effectively therefore are more abundant than the native species in the study area. There are also invasive hybrid wild grapes to be found. These invasive plants cause widespread problems in floodplain forests in Central Europe. We studied Great-spotted and Lesser-spotted Woodpeckers. We investigated the following questions: Which tree species are preferred by the foraging birds? How are the foraging birds distributed spatially between the microhabitats? Are there any differences in terms of foraging niche utilization between the two studied species? We gathered our data through weekly standard observations throughout two whole years. Based on our findings we could determine that both species preferred the less abundant native trees rather than the invasive ash and maple trees, though Lesser-spotted Woodpeckers preferred hybrid wild grapes the most. Great-spotted Woodpeckers preferred the middle heights of the trees, they also moved mainly on trunks. Lesser-spotted Woodpeckers used the thinnest branches in the canopy. Based on our results we predict that the decrease of the native tree species may create a suboptimal habitat compared to the current situation. As the studied species are the major cavity excavators, the above mentioned changes will probably have significant effects on numerous cavity dependent species.
Molecular identification of Fascioloides magna (Bassi, 1875) from red deer from South-Western Poland (Lower Silesian Wilderness) on the basis of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2)
Authors: Pyziel A. M. , Demiaszkiewicz A. W. , Kuligowska I.
Published: February 2015

The study was conducted in 2012-2013 on 75 fecal samples of red deer from the Lower Silesian Wilderness which were examined to determine the prevalence of Fascioloides magna in the game population. Finding liver fluke eggs in a single sample which were larger in size than Fasciola hepatica eggs indicated that further molecular analysis was necessarily. The partial sequence (116 bp long) of ITS-2 of the investigated eggs was identical to the sequences of F. magna from red deer (Cervus elaphus) (GenBank, EF534993; GenBank, EF534992) and from wapiti deer (Cervus elaphus canadensis) (GenBank, EF534994) from Slovakia, as well as from fallow deer (Dama dama) from the USA (GenBank, EF051080). This is the first molecular confirmation of the occurrence of F. magna in Poland.
Trivalent inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza in a Scottish population 2000 to 2009
Authors: Simpson C R , Lone N I , Kavanagh K , Ritchie L D , Robertson C , Sheikh Aziz , McMenamin J
Published: February 2015

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Effects of the Light Goose Conservation Order on non‐target waterfowl distribution during spring migration
Authors: Dinges Andrew J. , Webb Elisabeth B. , Vrtiska Mark P.
Published: February 2015

The Light Goose Conservation Order (LGCO) was initiated in 1999 to reduce mid‐continent populations of light geese (lesser snow geese Chen caerulescens and Ross's geese C. rossi). However, concern about potential for LGCO activities (i.e. hunting activities) to negatively impact non‐target waterfowl species during spring migration in the Rainwater Basin (RWB) of Nebraska prompted agency personnel to limit the number of hunt days each week and close multiple public wetlands to LGCO activities entirely. To evaluate the effects of the LGCO in the RWB, we quantified waterfowl density at wetlands open and closed to LGCO hunting and recorded all hunter encounters during springs 2011 and 2012. We encountered a total of 70 hunting parties on 22 study wetlands, with over 90% of these encounters occurring during early season when the majority of waterfowl used the RWB region. We detected greater overall densities of dabbling ducks Anas spp., as well as for mallards A. platyrhynchos and northern pintails A. acuta on wetlands closed to the LGCO. We detected no effects of hunt day in the analyses of dabbling duck densities. We detected no differences in mean weekly dabbling duck densities among wetlands open to hunting, regardless of weekly or cumulative hunting encounter frequency throughout early season. Additionally, hunting category was not a predictor for the presence of greater white‐fronted geese Anser albifrons in a logistic regression model. Given that dabbling duck densities were greater on wetlands closed to hunting, providing wetlands free from hunting disturbance as refugia during the LGCO remains an important management strategy at migration stopover sites. However, given that we did not detect an effect of hunt day or hunting frequency on dabbling duck density, our results suggest increased hunting frequency at sites already open to hunting would likely have minimal impacts on the distribution of non‐target waterfowl species using the region for spring staging.
SAW Classification Algorithm for Chinese Text Classification
Authors: Guo Xiaoli , Sun Huiyu , Zhou Tiehua , Wang Ling , Qu Zhaoyang , Zang Jiannan
Published: February 2015

Considering the explosive growth of data, the increased amount of text data’s effect on the performance of text categorization forward the need for higher requirements, such that the existing classification method cannot be satisfied. Based on the study of existing text classification technology and semantics, this paper puts forward a kind of Chinese text classification oriented SAW (Structural Auxiliary Word) algorithm. The algorithm uses the special space effect of Chinese text where words have an implied correlation between text information mining and text categorization for high-correlation matching. Experiments show that SAW classification algorithm on the premise of ensuring precision in classification, significantly improve the classification precision and recall, obviously improving the performance of information retrieval, and providing an effective means of data use in the era of big data information extraction.
Les artisans de la loi. Espaces juridico-politiques en France sous la IIIe République
Authors: Kaluszynski Martine
Published: February 2015

En s'intéressant à la configuration du champ pénal sous la IIIe République, on observe une architecture assez sophistiquée due à la création d'espaces intermédiaires, entre autres le Conseil supérieur des prisons ou la Société générale des prisons. Laboratoire de la législation pénale, la Société s'impose comme une sorte de commission privée, extra-parlementaire, siégeant en permanence. C'est autour de ces espaces qu'est menée une réflexion sur les modes socio-politiques d'élaboration du droit, les réseaux de réforme sociale ou d'action publique et les différentes « scènes » d'élaboration du politique dans le domaine pénal.
L'expertise judiciaire dans la construction du jugement : de la ressource à la contrainte
Authors: Dumoulin Laurence
Published: February 2015

Justice and Knowledge : Expert Appraisal in the Forming of the Judgement.

Although reduced to a common place in legal parlance, expert witnesses play an important role in the judicial decision-making process. Expert reports provide not only sources of ideas and arguments for the actors in the judicial scene, but help to establish certainties and may be viewed as a resource or a constraint and be decisive in the pronouncement of a judgement. Legal efforts to maintain the dominance of the law are not sufficient to abate the evolution of ways of judging and the grounds of a decision. In this interplay usually regulated by law, rival principles of action endanger the traditional force of law, bringing into question the role and scope of legal settlement.
A Question of Equilibrium: Cruise Employees at Sea
Authors: Gibson Philip , Perkins Lawrence
Published: February 2015

This research article investigates the effect that extended social interactions, found among the crew on board cruise ships, has on workplace engagement. Extended social interactions relate to the relatively lengthy contracts that are experienced by seafarers and the resultant implications
of working and socializing in close proximity with colleagues. The project reflected on the limited context-specific literature that focused on job satisfaction, engagement, and occupational communities and more generic theory relating to managing employment relations, employee engagement,
and employee commitment. An online survey was used to identify crewmembers' perceptions of the extended social interaction. The research concluded that the extended social interactions found on board cruise ships had a largely favorable impact on workplace engagement. Furthermore, respondents
were overwhelmingly positive when considering the effect that their working relationships had on the professional setting.
MODELLING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PPP ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS BY APPLYING RANDOM FORESTS
Authors: Rudžianskaitė–Kvaraciejienė Rūta , Apanavičienė Rasa , Gelžinis Adas
Published: February 2015

Transport sector is very important for development of local economies, so it is intensively studied in different countries. Road infrastructure construction projects in many European countries are mainly carried out through various forms of Public–Private Partnership (PPP). Financial evaluation, private partner selection criteria, technical characteristics and very important focus of sustainable development components (environmental, social and economic) of PPP road infrastructure development projects are widely analysed in the scientific literature. Although many research studies were published for PPP road infrastructure projects efficiency assessment from different aspects, there have not been created assessment methodology with all key areas incorporated altogether. The authors provide an integrated PPP road infrastructure projects effectiveness modelling methodology by applying Random Forest technique. The developed methodology is recommended to be applied for PPP road infrastructure projects effectiveness prediction from the private and public sector perspectives.
Les préadolescents sont-ils influençables par le contexte ? Études expérimentales sur l'évaluation des personnes
Authors: Grenier Karine , Chambres Patrick , Bonin Delphine
Published: February 2015

Résumé Le premier objectif de cette étude était de fournir des preuves expérimentales de la sensibilité particulière des préadolescents au contexte : leurs évaluations d’autrui sont-elles influencées par le contexte. Le second était d’expliquer cette influence. Deux types de mécanismes ont été considérés : la “contamination” et la “récupération” de traces évaluatives. L’étude consistait à demander à des adultes et à des enfants de 13 ans d’évaluer des visages apparaissant sur des images connotées affectivement (négatives versus positives). Dans une seconde phase, ces visages étaient évalués soit dans le même contexte, soit dans un contexte nouveau mais de même valence, soit dans un contexte nouveau et de valence opposée. Les effets du contexte sont plus marqués dans le groupe des préadolescentes que dans le groupe des adultes. Si l’effet de contamination a été nettement observé, les résultats sont beaucoup plus ambigus en ce qui concerne l’effet de récupération.
L'effet du statut du groupe d'appartenance sur les attitudes ethniques implicites et explicites chez les enfants
Authors: Dambrun Michaël , Gatto Juliette , Roche Cécile
Published: February 2015

Résumé L’objectif de cette recherche était d’examiner chez les enfants, l’effet de l’ethnie et du genre sur les attitudes ethniques implicites et explicites. Dans cette perspective, une étude a été menée en France auprès de 76 enfants Maghrébins et Français. Les attitudes explicites étaient mesurées par le recours à une tâche de classement de photos. Une tâche d’association implicite (« IAT ») permettait d’accéder aux attitudes implicites des sujets. Les résultats révèlent que les attitudes des enfants sont significativement modérées par le statut de leur groupe d’appartenance. Les enfants Français (haut statut) expriment un biais pro-endogroupe explicite et implicite. Alors qu’au niveau explicite, les enfants Maghrébins (faible statut) n’expriment aucun biais, un biais pro-exogroupe émerge au niveau implicite. Toutefois, un biais pro-exogroupe explicite et implicite apparaît clairement chez les filles Maghrébines.
Accessibilité des croyances associées aux deux options d'une alternative comportementale
Authors: Letirand Frédéric , Delhomme Patricia
Published: February 2015

Résumé Adossés à la théorie du comportement planifié (Ajzen, 1991), nous examinons, dans le domaine de la conduite automobile, l’hypothèse selon laquelle les deux options d’une alternative comportementale se distinguent tant par la valeur que par l’accessibilité des croyances qui leur sont associées. Pour une même situation de conduite, un groupe de conducteurs (N = 21) liste les croyances envers le respect tandis qu’un autre groupe (N = 24) liste les croyances envers une transgression spécifique de la limitation de vitesse. Une majorité de croyances est commune aux deux comportements de vitesse avec toutefois, selon le comportement stimulus, une inversion de la valeur de ces croyances et une variation de leur accessibilité. Par ailleurs, d’autres croyances sont accessibles pour un seul de ces deux comportements. Ces résultats sont observés tant pour les croyances comportementales, normatives que de contrôle.
Acceptabilité sociale et savoirs scientifiques
Authors: Joule Robert-Vincent
Published: February 2015

Résumé La psychologie sociale, en tant que corps de connaissances constituées est si peu connue du grand public qu’elle semble ne pas appartenir à notre paysage scientifique et culturel. Ce n’est pas parce qu’elle est moins scientifique ou parce qu’elle permet moins d’applications que les autres disciplines scientifiques. Ce n’est pas non plus parce qu’elle peut déboucher sur des applications plus immorales ou parce qu’elle est plus difficile à diffuser. Pour l’auteur, c’est surtout parce les connaissances issues de la psychologie sociale rompent avec l’image de l’homme dominante (celle de l’homo œconomicus) dans nos sociétés. Pour lui, la reconnaissance de la spécificité du savoir psycho-social passe par la reconnaissance de son utilité sociale.
Regards sur la psychologie sociale
Authors: Richardot Sophie
Published: February 2015

Résumé La principale critique adressée aujourd’hui à la psychologie sociale par un certain nombre d’auteurs-clés de la discipline est que celle-ci, en cherchant à acquérir une légitimité scientifique, s’est coupée du « social ». Afin de comprendre comment les objets psychosociaux se trouvent désocialisés et pourquoi ce type de critiques n’a pas d’effet sur la psychologie sociale, nous étudions le rapport de celle-ci à son objet en le médiatisant systématiquement par un tiers : la Science, la Demande sociale, la Psychologie, la Sociologie. C’est à partir de ce regard ternaire (Ego-Alter-Objet) proposé par Moscovici (1984) que nous suggérons de reconsidérer collectivement la relation à ces différentes instances auxquelles la psychologie sociale se réfère pour appréhender ses objets.
Les comportements disruptifs en football : moralité et responsabilisation
Authors: Reynes Éric , Pantaléon Nathalie , Long Thierry
Published: February 2015

Résumé Les recherches sur la morale sportive mettent en évidence un phénomène de parenthèse de moralité. L’objet de cette étude concerne les perceptions et jugements des footballeurs sur les fautes réactives ainsi que les explications causales et stratégies de légitimation qui y sont associées, au regard des tendances de l’individu à réagir agressivement et de son rôle au sein de l’équipe. Vingt entretiens ont été effectués avec des footballeurs. Les résultats de l’analyse thématique ainsi que de l’analyse lexicale montrent essentiellement une opposition entre les discours des attaquants et des défenseurs. Les attaquants font preuve d’une distanciation en terme de responsabilité, sont plus tolérants vis-à-vis des comportements d’agression, et leur morale est davantage de type individualiste. Ces résultats ont été notamment analysés à travers une opposition acteur-victime.
“Approche normative de la motivation intrinsèque dans une situation intergroupe d'asymétrie de statut hiérarchique”
Authors: Adam Andréa , Louche Claude
Published: February 2015

Résumé La motivation constitue dans les champs éducatif et organisationnel un facteur permettant de prédire la performance. Des travaux récents ont mis en évidence, à partir des paradigmes de recherche développés dans le cadre de la théorie de la norme d’internalité, qu’il existe une valorisation sociale d’une forme de motivation, la motivation intrinsèque. L’objet de cette recherche est de vérifier si cette normativité se manifeste dans le cadre des relations intergroupes par une plus forte attribution à l’endogroupe qu’à l’exogroupe de motivation intrinsèque. La valorisation de l’endogroupe s’exercerait en lui attribuant des jugements normatifs. Ce phénomène sera plus fort dans les groupes dominants que dans les groupes dominés. Une étude réalisée dans une compagnie aérienne auprès de 120 salariés (60 responsables et 60 exécutants) vérifie ces hypothèses et renforce l’approche normative de la motivation.
Émotions et prise de décision dans le jeu de l'ultimatum
Authors: Petit Emmanuel
Published: February 2015

Résumé Nous étudions l’impact des émotions induites sur la décision économique dans un contexte de négociation. Nous utilisons le jeu expérimental de l’ultimatum dans lequel un joueur A fait une offre à un joueur B qui peut soit l’accepter (auquel cas les gains des joueurs sont conformes à la proposition de l’offreur) soit la refuser (auquel cas les deux joueurs ne gagnent rien). Pour susciter, avant le début du jeu, des émotions positives ou négatives, les sujets visionnent un extrait de film comique ou révoltant. Nos résultats montrent que des sujets soumis à des émotions négatives comme l’indignation ou la colère rejettent significativement davantage des offres inéquitables que des sujets qui ressentent des émotions positives, comme la joie ou l’excitation.