bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rationing and market: Structure and stability of equilibria
Authors: Zak Fyodor
Published: July 2023

In recent years, state control of the economy has increased in many countries. A number of states try to influence prices in key areas of economy, in particular by selling resources at fixed prices within given quotas. However, in real economies the governments cannot prevent economic agents from reselling rationed goods at the free market. The study of impact of rationing on the market prices is a difficult and challenging problem. In the present paper we consider an equilibrium model in which part of the goods within the limits of quotas is sold at fixed prices while the remaining goods are sold at market prices; the goods bought at fixed prices can also be resold at market prices. Economy depends on parameters, viz. total resources, incomes of the participants, quotas, and fixed prices. For special values of parameters, this model reduces to pure exchange and fixed income models and, in a sense, is a combination of these models. Basing on known properties of these special cases and using techniques of elementary differential topology, we study the existence of equilibria and their properties. Depending on the values of parameters, a (sufficiently general) economy may have a finite (even or odd) number of equilibria, and in an important special case when total resources are subject to rationing and the total cost of allocated quotas coincides with the total income of the participants the equilibria form a one-dimensional manifold. We consider a generalized tâtonnement process and study its convergence under certain assumptions. It is shown that in our setup convergence of tâtonnement to an equilibrium may involve endogenous inflation.
Optimal solution for immunizing arbitrarily scheduled multiple liabilities
Authors: Kurochkin Sergey
Published: July 2023

Immunization, a control tool for interest rate dependent changes in the value of an asset portfolio given a similar dependency for a target liability portfolio, is central to portfolio management. A vast body of academic literature describes various immunization models either for the case of a single liability payout or assuming a specific change in the yield curve, or both. This paper is the first to propose an immunization solution for the case of multiple liability payouts assuming arbitrary changes in the yield curve. For the case of multiple liability payouts, we generalize M-Absolute, which is a risk measure proposed by Nawalkha и Chambers (1996), and estimate the proximity of payment streams with EMD (the Wasserstein distance) which is a well-known tool in machine learning. In line with Fong and Vasicek (1984), it is shown that portfolio’s interest rate risk is constrained to a product of two factors with one factor, EMD between asset and liability streams, being only dependent on the portfolio structure and the other factor, the sup-norm of the function of interest rate shocks, being solely determined by changes in the yield curve. We also show the unimprovability of the estimate and obtain, in an explicit form, a computational procedure for the optimal immunizing portfolio. The results are practically applicable as exemplified by the immunization of an annuity-type security with a portfolio of government bonds.
Issues of balancing economic growth and the state of the environment
Authors: Faltsman Vladimir
Published: July 2023

This paper addresses the core problem of economic growth — the question of the criteria that should be met in order to both satisfy the needs of a growing population and assure preservation of natural environment for future generations. It contains a comparative analysis of classic theory of maximal economic growth with zero-growth theory. A compromise concept of balanced economic growth is presented. In the paper, an unobvious form an industrial function of balanced growth is hinted at, within which maximum allowed (limited) economic growth shouldn’t induce irreparable damage on environment while minimum of the growth assumes increasing of population wellbeing. Among traditional arguments of the industrial function a factor of investments into environmental protection has been introduced. Balance between two competing requirements to economic growth—improvement of population wellbeing accompanied by simultaneous conservation of limited environmental resources —may be achieved, in addition to the use of resource-efficient technologies, through family planning and monitoring of population growth. Condition of balanced growth is convergence of demographic and technological levels of developing and developed countries. Being dangerously close to the limits of anthropogenic pressure on our environment, the international community should assist developing countries’ transition to the demographic trends of the developed world. At the initial stage, acceleration of this process may require negotiations of an international compact among states regarding population growth. Subsequently, fertility patterns and population growth may return to self-regulation. Drivers for this process will be the Index of Human Development, indicators of gender parity, per capita GNP, and educational levels of populations in the countries with high birth rates. Efficient international aid to poor countries should contribute to this process. Comparative advantages and prosperity as a result of moderate population growth have been proven by the historic records of developed countries. These trends can be applied in other countries if they limit birth rates and population growth. It appears that improvements of population-wide quality of life can be achieved not only by promotion of scientific and technological progress, but also by means of demographic revolution, which is the most harmless among all of social revolutions.
On simplification of the transport problem solution with ecological criterion
Authors: Assaul V.
Published: July 2023

The possibility of neglecting the penalty component in solving the transport problem (TP) with an environmental criterion is analyzed, when, along piece-rate payment, fixed additives are assigned, due only to the fact of a specific transportation, and not to the amount of transported cargo (penalties). It was found that, while the threshold ratios of the standard deviations of tariffs and fines in a TP with a single optimal plan can be grouped quite tightly, in a TP with a non-unique optimal plan, their use is not effective due to the large spread. However, the possibility of applying the “looping” method proposed by the authors, when the TP is solved many times, in which penalties are added to the tariffs, divided first by the maximum possible transportation, then by the transportation plan at the previous step, allows neglecting the “penalties” if the loop ends at the first step. The disadvantage and reason for the approximate nature of the “looping” method is the possible presence of other cycles with local minima. The possibility of the “exclusions” method presented in the paper is also considered, when for a TK with n suppliers and m customers cells are excluded in descending order of fines if the remaining parts of capacities and capacities are sufficient. The ability to distribute transportation after R = (nm – (n + m – 1)) steps allows you to ignore tariffs when choosing a plan. The disadvantage of this method, equivalent to allocative least cost method is the possible difficulties in arranging transportations after R steps of exclusion made under the assumption of a “saturated” use of cells.
Predicting and determining antecedent factors of tourist village development using naive bayes and tree algorithm
Authors:   Sahid University, Indonesia, Ariyani Nafiah , Fauzi Akhmad ,   IPB University, Indonesia, Umar Farhat ,   Sahid University, Indonesia
Published: July 2023

This study aims to predict the progress status of tourism villages in the Kedung Ombo area, Java, Indonesia, and find the antecedent factors of the progress of tourism villages in Indonesia. This study uses a modern approach, namely data mining. Data sources for tourist villages use the data available on the Google link and the observation method. The prediction technique uses the Naïve Bayes machine learning algorithm and Tree Decision on Orange 3.3.0 software. The number of tourist villages analyzed was 126. The results showed that all tourist villages in the Kedung Ombo area were at the development level of the four tourist village classifications of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. The antecedent factors for the progress of tourism villages are the completeness of ICT facilities, multi-stakeholder partnerships, strong government support, community involvement, and various attractions. Another finding is that the Tree Decision algorithm provides better predictions than the Naïve Bayes method. The results of this study can be used to design policies for developing tourist villages throughout Indonesia.
The Formulation of tourism industry and creative economy competitiveness index of provinces in Indonesia
Authors:   BPS-Statistics Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Indonesia, Afifah Uswatun Nurul , Suwandana Endan ,   Human Resources Development (BPSDMD) of Banten, Indonesia, Lestariningsih Eni ,   Pusdiklat BPS, Indonesia
Published: July 2023

This study proposes and calculates a new index called the Tourism and Creative Economy Industry Competitiveness (TCEIC) Index or Parekraf Index which aims to determine the description of the tourism industry and creative economy of each province In Indonesia. The index is then applied to investigate the Covid-19 pandemic effects and can be used for future planning and evaluating the involved parties in tourism sectors. The data used in this research is secondary data sourced from the publication of Tourism Industry Statistics and Creative Economy 2020 which is produced by a collaboration between the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy and the BPS-Statistics in 2021. Factor analysis was used to compile the index, following the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The implementation of the new Parekraf index to the 2020 pandemic data found that several provinces had very low scores, i.e. Sumatera and Sulawesi. This means that the central government should synergize with local governments in those areas and should be more sensitive and responsive to the tourism industry and the creative economy, especially on indicators that have a significant impact.
Community enthusiasm in developing Ombilin coal-mining industrial heritage in Sawahlunto, West Sumatera
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Trisakti, Indonesia, Brian Reagan , Soeswoyo Dina Mayasari ,   Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Trisakti, Indonesia, Sudirja Jeffry ,   Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Trisakti, Indonesia, Arafah Willy ,   Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Trisakti, Indonesia, Ingkadijaya Rahmat ,   Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Trisakti, Indonesia, Brahmantyo Himawan ,   Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Trisakti, Indonesia, Djati Sundring Pantja ,   Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Trisakti, Indonesia
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding of the community's attitudes toward the development of Sawahlunto, West Sumatera, Indonesia as an industrial heritage tourism destination. This research used mix method – explanatory sequential design with a case study approach, to explore real conditions in life as well as a contemporary setting or context. Community attitudes were measured using questionnaires and deepened by interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. The finding of this study shows the enthusiasm of the local community in developing Obillin tourism in order to preserve as well as revitalize it so that it can benefit the community. The results of this study can be important for policymakers regarding sustainable tourism development.
Local wisdom and tourism development in Kampung Nglanggeran, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Ambarrukmo, Indonesia, Vitrianto Primantoro N
Published: July 2023

This research aims to examine the positive impact of local wisdom on environmental sustainability and tourism development. In this study, a qualitative approach was conducted through observations and interviews. This research has conducted the analysis using a descriptive ethnographic approach to reveal the meaning behind the local wisdom. The results show that being part of the UNESCO Global Geopark has special meaning for Gunung Sewu in Java, Indonesia. Geoparks are concerned with conserving and developing geological diversity and aiming to develop and conserve the cultures within them. Pitu village preserves local wisdom, one of which is the seven-family restriction. Local wisdom in this village is closely related to limited natural conditions. Kampung Pitu is located at the top of Mount Nglanggeran, and no more than seven families can live here because they have taboos or rules from the past. All the local wisdom carried out by the people of Kampung Pitu was based on preserving nature and the entire community's safety. The preservation of heritage will provide uniqueness and attract tourists on its own.
The effect of service, facility, and security toward tourists’ interest to Adityawarman Museum
Authors:   Universistas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar, Indonesia, Mandalia Siska , Fitria Nita ,   Universistas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar, Indonesia, Hidayat Taufik ,   Institut Seni Indonesia Padang Panjang, Indonesia, Murniarti Murniarti ,   Universistas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar, Indonesia
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of service on tourists' interest in visiting the Adityawarman Museum in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method. The data collection technique was carried out by filling out a questionnaire. The number of respondents was 100 visitors to the Adityawarman Museum. The data analysis technique used is a validation test, reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, determinant coefficient test, and t-test, with all data processed by using SPSS 22. The results showed that service, facilities, and security variables influenced tourists' interest to visit the Museum, while service, facilities, and security variables together influenced tourists' interest to visit. For this reason, this research provides an overview of the Adityawarman Museum manager in maintaining and improving the services, facilities, and tourist safety. Then by providing better services, facilities, and security, it will attract tourists to re-visit the museum so which affects tourist satisfaction. In conclusion, the better the service, facilities, and security at the Adityawarman Museum, the more interest of tourists to visit the Adityawarman Museum will increase.
Green economy and ecotourism-based development model of Oling River Food, Banyuwangi
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi, Indonesia, Zazilah Auda Nuril , Mecha I Putu Sudhyana ,   Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi, Indonesia, Nurhalimah Nurhalimah ,   Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyse the application of the concept of green economy and ecotourism to the tourist attraction of Oling River Food in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia, as well as to form a model for developing the tourist attraction of Oling River Food. This study uses a case study approach. Data were collected by observation, documentation, and interviews. After the data is collected, an interactive analysis technique is carried out namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results show that the tourist attraction of Oling River Food has implemented two indicators from five indicators of environmentally sound development and five indicators from ten indicators of the green economy concept. As for the concept of ecotourism, the tourist attraction of Oling River Food has implemented two indicators out of five indicators. The Oling River Food tourist attraction development model that is made contains the potential, problems, solutions, and outcomes. The tourist attraction of Oling River Food has potential that must be continuously developed. The development model built is expected to be the basis for the development of tourist attractions that still pay attention to environmental, economic, and social factors.
Kampung Susu Lawu on the slopes of Mount Lawu as a tourist destination
Authors:   Madiun State Polytechnic, Indonesia, Setiyawan Agustinus Doedyk , Priyanto Priyanto ,   Madiun State Polytechnic, Indonesia, Azis Aminudin ,   Madiun State Polytechnic, Indonesia
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyze the potential attractiveness of tourist destinations and the obstacles faced in developing the tourism potential of Kampung Susu Lawu on the slopes of Mount Lawu, Magetan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. It uses a qualitative descriptive research method. Data collection techniques were carried out by triangulation, with inductive data analysis using more than one data acquisition method. The results of the study show that the tourist destination of Kampung Susu Lawu (KSL or Lawu Milk Village), actually has a potential attraction that can be enjoyed by tourists which includes nature, culture, and man-made. Land management permits are expected to increase the welfare of tourism workers, open up job opportunities, provide a source of income for families, increase the variety of jobs, and increase knowledge in tourism business management.
Multi-competency development: strategy to strengthen the resilience of human capital from unpredictable global disruption
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Indonesia, Putra Ratu Agung Bagus Ngurah , Ernawati Made ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Indonesia, Murni Suci ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Indonesia, Virginiya Tika ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Indonesia
Published: July 2023

This research was conducted with the aim of building a new competency development strategy for workers so that they have multi-competence capabilities in an effort to survive in a situation of uncertainty. The object of this research is the four Wyndham hotel chains in Bali, Indonesia where an in-depth exploration is carried out on the Human Capital Aspect which includes Threshold Characteristics and Differentiation. Threshold Characteristics are essential characteristics consisting of Knowledge and Skills, while Differentiation characteristics which are superior distinguishing aspects consist of Self-Concept, Motives, and Treats. Using a mixed method research with an exploratory sequential approach, the researchers carried out three stages of research from qualitative research, and quantitative research to validating research results through Focus Group Discussions with policymakers from the four Wyndham hotel chains in Bali involved. Through all the stages of the research, the researchers developed a model of Multi-Competency Development, that is in accordance with the characteristics of Wyndham hotel employees. The model, which is named the Sundae Multi-Competency Development, consists of 6 steps including (1) Identification of Competency Trends; (2) Competency Recommendations; (3) Internal Intent Analysis; (4) Training and Development; (5) Certification; and (7) Own Multi-Competency. The research results in the recommendation of relevant new competencies to be developed in the Wyndham hotel chain in Bali, including Teaching, Marketing, and Cooking competencies.
Three-keys digital media in strengthening brand awareness at The Vibes Night Club, France
Authors:   Groupe Immovation, Surya Putu Rian Arde , Fournier Alain ,   Groupe Immovation, Sutama I Ketut ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Nova Muhamad ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali
Published: July 2023

In order to reach and influence potential online customers, there was often an overlap among paid media, owned media, and earned media at The Vibes Nightclub, France. Solving this problem required the integration of campaigns, resources, and infrastructure, which could develop online products, services, and brand awareness. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, using the descriptive approach with display and verification technique analyses at The Vibes Nightclub. The results showed that paid media is done through activities such as Search Engine Marketing (SEM). Further, owned media focus on Facebook, Instagram, and Google pages owned by the club, like Search Engine Optimization (SEO). Earned media includes word of mouth on social media, live, and conversations. Their activities had a significant effect on strengthening brand awareness. In this regard, consistency and optimism in digital marketing activities need to be maintained because these things can improve and maintain existence and sustainability. Furthermore, using more digital platforms and analytics digital should be improved for the targeted results and sustainability of the business.
Green tourism practices through Odesa social media storytelling method
Authors:   Politeknik Pariwisata NHI Bandung, Sujawoto Fitra Ananta , Kartasudjana Tata ,   Universitas Pasundan, Shishido Kumiko ,   Osaka University, Sarja Ni Luh Ayu Kartika Yuniastari ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to describe how Odesa Indonesia, Bandung, effectively uses the storytelling communication method to introduce its programs on social media. A qualitative method presents a description of the storytelling communication method carried out by Odesa Indonesia in its green tourism practice. In contrast, the data collection and analysis process uses the content analysis method. Odesa Indonesia has practiced four elements of the storytelling communication method: identifiable character, authentic emotion, significant moments, and specific details. Apart from these four elements, in the variety of social media content, there are also three round structures of the storytelling communication method: the normal phase, the explosion phase, and the new normal phase. The writers arranged these three phases in narrative relationships that are in line with the framework of the green tourism concept, namely ecology, sanitation, literacy, and solidarity. Based on the findings of this study, the use of storytelling communication methods is not only limited to being a mere promotional differentiator but, at the same time, can be the most effective way to convey the dimensions of green tourism, not only at the level of the program but also to convey the transformation process that will and has been carried out through the practice of green tourism.
Sasi local wisdom as a cultural capital for sustainable tourism development in Raja Ampat Regency, West Papua
Authors:   Universitas Papua, Mentansan George , Nauw Monica ,   Universitas Papua, Awom Rina ,   Universitas Papua, Ayorbaba Musa ,   Universitas Papua, Lumi Johnli ,   Universitas Papua, Reeve David ,   Universitas Papua
Published: July 2023

This research aimed to describe the development of tourism in Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia, which has entered its 19th year, which is developing and still exists with the support of local wisdom of coastal and island communities called sasi. This research was conducted by applying ethnographic methods and triangulation of field data to gather data on local wisdom of indigenous peoples in Raja Ampat. Results of the research showed that sasi as a form of practice for protecting and conserving marine natural resources has traditionally been carried out for generations in Raja Ampat, and has various local terms such as kalad/bu, kabus, and samson. Sasi local wisdom as the community's cultural capital has become the basis and strategic issue related to protecting the marine and coastal natural resources in supporting and maintaining.
Conformity assessment analysis of self-declare ecolabel criteria for Indonesia’s tourism villages development in Cikolelet, Banten Province
Authors:   PT. Superintending Company of Indonesia, Syamsul Andi Dewi Sartika , Lestari Ita ,   PT. Superintending Company of Indonesia, Arini Sukma ,   PT. Superintending Company of Indonesia, Natria Dissa ,   PT. Superintending Company of Indonesia, Iswanto Toto ,   PT. Superintending Company of Indonesia, Utomo Budi ,   PT. Superintending Company of Indonesia
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to observe the potential of conformity ecolabel self-declaration claims in Cikolelet Tourism Village, Banten Province, Indonesia. The village has an alternative tourism highland nature, unique culture, creative industry, and environmental conservation. Local people and tourism activities impacted the quality of the village, especially waste management. The literature review and field observation were applied to assess the Self Declare Ecolabel Criteria for waste management in Cikolelet using applicable standards and regulations in Indonesia. The scope of waste management applied to the tourism village includes compostable, recyclable, reusable, and waste reduction. According to the result of assessment and observations, generally, Cikolelet Tourism Village has made environmental management efforts. However, some lack of waste management in terms of waste reduction and handling, including sorting, transportation, processing, and final disposal, requires some improvements to comply with environmentally friendly criteria. A strong commitment is required to actualize the scope of the ecolabel self-declaration.
The Relationship between Levels of Serum Vit. D and Kidney Function in Diabetic Nephropathy Iraqi Patient
Authors: Mijbel Nadia A. , Ibrahim Shafa J.
Published: July 2023

الخلفية: وفقًا للعديد من الدراسات التي أجريت على الحيوانات والبشر ، يبدو أن فيتامين (د) يلعب دورًا جوهريًا في تطوير اعتلال الكلية السكري ، ومع ذلك ، فإن إمكانية تأثير فيتامين (د) الوقائي وتأثيره على عكس الضرر الكلوي الموجود بالفعل لا تزال تخمينية. ينتشر نقص فيتامين (د) ونقصه في كل مكان في جميع أنحاء العالم وقد تم ربطهما بمجموعة متنوعة من الحالات الفيزيولوجية المرضية ، بما في ذلك مرض السكري ، والحساسية ، وأمراض المناعة الذاتية ، وصعوبات الحمل ، ومؤخراً ، أسوأ النتائج السريرية لـ COVID-19. من منظور متعدية ، الهدف من هذه المراجعة هو النظر في الوظيفة المحتملة لفيتامين د في تطور مرض الكلى السكري.
الهدف: تقييم دور فيتامين د في وظائف الكلى لدى المريض المصاب بالسكري النوع الاول 1
المريض والطريقة: ا. العدد الإجمالي للمشاركين في الدراسة 120 تم تقسيمهم إلى ثلاثة مجموعات: المجموعة أ: تضمنت 40 مريضًا مصابًا بداء السكري النوع الاول مع الاعتلال الكلوي (المرحلة 1، المرحلة 2، المرحلة 3 أ)، المجموعة ب شملت 40 مريضًا مصابًا بمرض السكري فقط بدون اعتلال كلوي، والمجموعة ج تضم 40 شخص كانوا مشاركين أصحاء الذين حضروا عيادة السيطرة على مرض السكر في مركز الغدد الصماء والسكري / مستشفى الكندي، مستشفى بغداد التعليمي / المدينة الطبية ومستشفى الشهيد الصدر العام خلال الفترة من أكتوبر 2021 إلى مارس 2022.
النتيجة: تم الكشف عن ارتباطات إيجابية ضعيفة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين فيتامين (د) و GFR (ص = 0.321 ، P = 0.001) ؛ بينما لوحظ ارتباط سلبي معتدل بين فيتامين د و HbA1c (r = -0.494، P = 0.001) ووجد ارتباط سلبي ضعيف مع B. Urea r = -0.2) ، P=0.028  ) وايضا وجد في هذه الدراسه عدم وجود علاقه بين فيتامين د مع كل من (العمر , مدة المرض , الكرياتينين )
الخلاصة: تشير بياناتنا إلى وجود ارتباط بين انخفاض مستوى فيتامين D3 واعتلال الكلية السكري وقد يكون مؤشرا محتملا حدوث  الاعتلال الكلوي  وشدته.
Role of Programmed Cell Death-1 and Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 immune checkpoint biomarkers among chronic Hepatitis C virus patients under Hemodialysis s patients under Hemodialysis
Authors: Joda Ryiam S. , Ibrahim Basim M. , Al-Khafagi Ahmed F.
Published: July 2023

خلفية البحث: عدوى فيروس التهاب الكبد الوبائي (ج) هي واحدة من أكثر أنواع العدوى شيوعًا المرتبطة بأمراض الكلى المزمنة (CKD) الذين يخضعون لغسيل الكلى (HD) في العراق.
الأهداف: لتحديد قيمة عامل التكهن للمؤشرات الحيوية لنقاط التفتيش المناعية بروتين موت الخلية المبرمج وبروتين موت الخلية المبرمج المرتبط بين المرضى المصابين بعدوى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي تحت الغسيل الدموي.
المنهجية: تم استخدام تقنية ELISA لقياس المؤشرات الحيوية المذكورة أعلاه في مصل 90 مريضا عراقيا. تم تقسيم المشاركين إلى ثلاث مجموعات؛ تضم المجموعة الأولى 30 مريضًا مصابًا بفيروس التهاب الكبد الوبائي بدون أي علاج مضاد للفيروسات، والمجموعة الثانية تضم 30 مريضًا مصابًا بفيروس التهاب الكبد الوبائي بأدوية مضادة للفيروسات حديثة / سابقة. المجموعة الثالثة تضم 30 مريضاً بدون أي عدوى فيروسية (مجموعة المراقبة).
النتائج: تم رفع مستويات المصل من المؤشرات الحيوية المقاسة بين جميع المشاركين، وشوهد فرق دلالة إحصائية عالية في مجموعة المرضى دون علاج.  كانت المنطقة الواقعة تحت المنحنى (AUC) PD-1 و PD-L1 (99٪) و (96٪) على التوالي.
الاستنتاجات: المؤشرات الحيوية لنقطة التفتيش المناعية التي تم فحصها لها قيمة عامل تنبؤية ممتازة كمؤشرات للمرضى الذين يعانون من مرض الكلى المزمن على HD والمصابين بفيروس التهاب الكبد الوبائي
Anti-Microbial Activity of Green Tea Extracts and Nicotine on the Growth, Biofilm Formation of Salivary Mutans Streptococci(In-vVtro Study)
Authors: AL-Shamary Abbas N. , Al-Mizraqchi Abbas S.
Published: July 2023

الخلفية: الشاي الأخضر له نشاط مضاد للميكروبات ضد أنواع عديدة من البكتيريا ، ويعتبر مادة طبيعية ذات آثار جانبية قليلة.
الهدف من الدراسة: أجريت دراسة في المختبر للتحقق من قدرة مستخلص الشاي الأخضر والنيكوتين على تثبيط النمو وتكوين الأغشية الحيوية بواسطة المكورات العقدية اللعابية.
الطريقة العمل: تضمنت هذه الدراسة عينة ملائمة من 40 متطوعا عراقيا أصحاء تتراوح أعمارهم بين 18 و 23 عاما من كلية طب الأسنان / جامعة بغداد. تم تحضير الشاي الأخضر ومستخلص النيكوتين المائي بتركيز مختلف لاستخدامه في طريقة انتشار الآجار للكشف عن نشاط المستخلص ، وتم استخدام قارئ ELISA في لوحة متعددة العيار لتحديد قدرة المكورات العقدية اللعابية على تكوين غشاء حيوي في وجود وغياب المستخلصات لقياس معدل تثبيط الغشاء الحيوي.
النتائج: كانت المكورات العقدية الطافرة حساسة للشاي الأخضر والنيكوتين بتركيزات مختلفة كانت أقطار منطقة التثبيط فعالة بطريقة تعتمد على الجرعة بشكل كبير. كان هناك فرق معنوي بين تراكيز كل مستخلص ، وكان النشاط المضاد للبكتيريا في طريقة تعتمد على الجرعة بالنسبة للمستخلصات. كان الحد الأدنى لتركيز مبيد الجراثيم للشاي الأخضر (280 مجم / مل) وأقل تركيز مبيد للجراثيم من النيكوتين (45 مجم / مل). ووجدت الدراسة أن تكوين الأغشية الحيوية بواسطة بكتيريا Mutans Streptococci انخفض بشكل ملحوظ في وجود 1/2 الحد الأدنى من تركيز مبيد الجراثيم لكل من الشاي الأخضر والنيكوتين بمتوسط ​​590 نانومتر = 0.54 مقارنة بمستخلصات الشاي الأخضر والنيكوتين وحده O.D 590 نانومتر = 0.15 ، 0.68 على التوالي.
الاستنتاجات: مستخلصات الشاي الأخضر والنيكوتين بتركيزات مختلفة قللت بشكل فعال من تكوين الأغشية الحيوية للمكورات العقدية اللعابية. بينما أثر وجود النيكوتين سلبًا على قدرة مستخلصات الشاي الأخضر في تثبيط تكوين البيوفيلم بواسطة بكتيريا Mutans Streptococci في المختبر.
Effect of Covid-19 vaccine on some immunological salivary biomarkers (sIgA and Interleukine-17)
Authors: Ali Dhuha M. , Taha Ghada I.
Published: July 2023

الخلفية: التطعيم الأكثر استخدامًا ضد فيروس كورونا المرتبط بالسارس   (SARS-CoV-2) هو لقاح فايزر ، الذي يوفر الحماية من هذا الفيروس. ومع ذلك ، فإن قدرته على حماية تجويف الفم غير واضحة ، ولا مستويات المؤشرات الحيوية المناعية الدقيقة التي ينشطها.
الأهداف: الكشف عما إذا كان التطعيم بلقاح فايزر يحمي تجويف الفم أم لا.
المرضى والطرق: تكونت مجموعة الدراسة من إجمالي 70 شخصًا (30 كمجموعة ضابطة تمت متابعتهم قبل التطعيم على أنهم غير ملقحين (ربما مصابين سابقًا أو غير مصابين أو تعافوا) ومتابعة 40 مشاركًا بعد ثلاثة أسابيع الجرعة الأولى وبعد أسبوع من التطعيم الثاني. تم جمع عينات اللعاب من أفراد مجموعة الدراسة في مستشفى المدينة الطبية في بغداد من سبتمبر 2021 إلى يوليو 2022. تم الكشف عن المؤشرات الحيوية اللعابية sIgA و IL-17 بواسطة الإنزيم المرتبط أطقم مقايسة الممتز المناعي (ELISA).
النتائج: أظهرت مستويات إفراز IgA فرقًا معنويًا (P> 0.05) في مجموعة المتابعة بعد التطعيم الأول مقارنة بالمجموعة غير الملقحة (مجموعة الضوابط). ومع ذلك ، وجد اختلاف غير معنوي في مستواه في مجموعة المتابعة بعد التطعيم الأول مقارنة بعد التطعيم الثاني. على عكس الضوابط الصحية ، كان لدى المشاركين غير الملقحين مستويات أعلى من IL-17 اللعابية. لم تتغير مستويات IL-17 للمشاركين المتابعين بشكل ملحوظ بعد اللقاحين الأول والثاني (P> 0.05).
 الخلاصة: لقاح فايزر له تأثير طفيف على sIgA لأن لقاحات mRNA توفر حماية جهازية أكثر من الحماية اللعابية. ومع ذلك ، فإن لقاح فايزر يرفع مستويات IL-17 بعد الجرعتين الأولى والثانية دون التسبب في متلازمة السيتوكين.
Diagnostic and Predictive Values of IL-6 in a Group of Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mohammed Abeer M. , Zayni Sarmad M. , AL-Anee Muhammad M. , Corial Faiq I. , Al- Rubaee Adnan
Published: July 2023

الخلفية: التهاب المفاصل الرَثَيَانِي أو الداء الرثياني أو الالتهاب المفصلي الروماتويدي هو مرض مزمن، من الأمراض الانضدادية التي تؤدي بالجهاز المناعي لمهاجمة المفاصل، مسببة التهابات وتدميرًا لها. ومن الممكن أيضًا أن يدمر جهاز المناعة أعضاء أخرى في الجسم مثل الرئتين والجلد. وفي بعض الحالات، يسبب المرض الإعاقة، مؤدية إلى فقدان القدرة على الحركة والإنتاجية. ويتم تشخيص المرض بواسطة تحاليل دم مخبرية مثل تحليل العامل الرثياني والأشعة المقطعية.
الهدف من الدراسة:لتقييم مستوى  IL6في مصل مرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي مقارنة بالاصحاء,لتقييم فائدتهما التشخيصية والتنبؤية في المرضى وللتحقيق في ارتباط مستوياتهما بالخصائص الاجتماعية والديمواغرافية والسريرية لمرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي.
المرضى والطريقة: ثمانون شخصا, 40 شخصا مصاب بمرض التهاب المفاصل الرثوي تتراوح اعمارهم (23-60)و40 شخص سليم تتراوح اعمارهم (23-61). تم استخدام مقايسة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم(ELISA) لتحليل مستويات IL6 في الدم.
النتائج:كانت مستويات المصل من IL6 مرتفة في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي مقارنة بالاصحاء .وكانت هناك قدرة تشخيصية جيدة للتنبؤ بمرض التهاب المفاصل الرثوي.تلك المستويات لم تكن مرتبطة مستوى نشاط المرض ومعدل الترسيب .
الاستنتاجات:IL6 يلعب دورا مهما في التسبب بمرض التهاب المفاصل الرثوي وقد اثبت انه عامل بيولوجي لتشخيص مرض التهاب المفاصل الرثوي.
Study of Target Volume Effect on Efficiency Index and Paddick Conformity Index for Arteriovenous Malformation Treatment Plans by Gamma Knifey Gamma Knife
Authors: Mhal Arkan M. , Mohammed Nadiya Y. , Faraj Moneer K.
Published: July 2023

نظرًا لأن الطاقة هي نتاج الحجم مضروبًا في الجرعة ، يتم إعطاء الأحجام ترجيحًا يتناسب مع الجرعة التي تلقتها. حيث أن الطاقة هي مقياس لمقدار المادة التي تم امتصاصها. مؤشر الكفاءة عبارة عن إحصائية واحدة يمكن استخدامها لتقييم جودة الخطة بكفاءة من خلال مراعاة التغطية والانتقائية ومؤشر التدرج والهدف ، ومن الممكن استخدام هذه الإحصائية لقياس كفاءة الخطة. مؤشر المطابقة هو قياس مدى توافق حجم توزيع الجرعة الإشعاعية مع حجم وشكل الحجم المستهدف.
هدف الدراسة: تذبذب مؤشر الكفاءة ومؤشر مطابقة بادك مع الحجم المستهدف .
طريقة العمل تم حساب مؤشر الكفاءة وبيانات مؤشر المطابقة ل ثلاثين خطة علاج سريرية والتي تم جدولتها باستخدام خطة ليكسل سكين كاما الإصدار  11.1ومقارنتها بالحجم المستهدف.
النتائج   تراوحت قيمة مؤشر الكفاءة  ƞ50٪ ل ثلاثون خطة علاجية سريرية من 44٪ إلى 84٪ بمتوسط قيمة 63٪ وقيمة مطابقة بادك من 47٪ إلى 82٪ بمتوسط قيمة 60.6٪ ، حيث أظهرت هذه الدراسة علاقة قوية بين الحجم المستهدف ومعاملات تقييم الخطة .
الاستنتاجات  يتم إعطاء الأحجام ترجيحًا يتناسب مع الجرعة التي تم امتصاصها لأن الطاقة هي نتاج الحجم مضروبا في  الجرعة ، حيث كان  هناك ارتباط بين تحسينات الكفاءة والمطابقة وزيادة الحجم المستهدف.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Menggunakan E-Learning
Authors: Rahayu Puji
Published: July 2023

Berbahasa merupakan media terpenting bagi manusia untuk melakukan interaksi dengan orang lain. Setiapanakmanusiapadadasarnyamempunyaikemampuanuntukmenguasaisetiapbahasa, walaupundalamkadardandorongan yang berbeda. Adapundiantaraperbedaan-perbedaantersebutadalahtujuan-tujuanpengajaran yang ingindicapai, kemampuandasar yang dimiliki, motivasi yang ada di dalamdiridanminatsertaketekunannyamempelajaribahasaasingakanlebihsulitdifahamidaripadabahasaIbu (BahasaSendiri) karenaselain kosa kata yang jarangdigunakan, struktur kata dankalimatpunmemerlukanwaktukhususuntukdipelajari. Olehsebabitu, pengajaranBahasaAsingdalamlembaga formal dan informal memerlukanmetodepengajaran yang tepatsesuaidengantujuanumumpengajaran bahasaitusendiri.E-learning adalah suatu sistem atau konsep pendidikan yang memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dalam proses belajar mengajar khusunya pembelajaran bahasa arab dimasa pandemi saat ini.

اللغة هي الوسيلة الأكثر أهمية بالنسبة للبشر للتفاعل مع الآخرين. كل طفل بشري لديه القدرة على إتقان كل لغة ، على الرغم من اختلاف المستويات والإلحاحات. من بين هذه الاختلافات ، الأهداف التعليمية التي يجب تحقيقها ، والقدرات الأساسية التي تمتلكها ، والدافع الكامن في الداخل ، والاهتمام بتعلم لغة أجنبية والمثابرة عليها سيكونان أكثر صعوبة في الفهم من اللغة الأم (اللغة الخاصة) لأنه بالإضافة إلى المفردات النادرة تستخدم بنية الكلمات والجمل وقتًا خاصًا للتعلم. لذلك ، فإن تعليم اللغات الأجنبية في المؤسسات الرسمية وغير الرسمية يتطلب طرق تدريس مناسبة وفقًا للأهداف العامة لتدريس اللغة نفسها. التعلم الإلكتروني هو نظام أو مفهوم تعليمي يستخدم تكنولوجيا المعلومات في عملية التعليم والتعلم ، وخاصة تعلم اللغة العربية أثناء الوباء الحالي.
Werner Sombart’s Longue Durée
Authors: Graça João Carlos
Published: July 2023

The work of Werner Sombart is often overlooked in the academic traditions of economics and sociology. Nevertheless, it deserves an attentive consideration and a reassessment regarding several important aspects, namely: the recognition of the category of capitalism; the relations of capitalism with war and luxury; the importance of religious factors in the emergence of modern capitalism; the dual nature of the modern economic mind, opposing burgher and entrepreneurial mentalities; the long-term perspectives of capitalism’s evolution; and the specificities of US political trajectory. A critical reading of Sombart’s work is still potentially very productive to better understand all these aspects.
The poetic path of Jalal Mirza Karim
Authors: Mustafa Dashne Rauf , Muhamad Dlshad Ali
Published: July 2023

In this research, a scientific look has been given to one of new Kurdish literary (Jalal mirza karim). Efforts have been made to show the poet's relationship with politics, culture, poetry and modernism. But so far no scientific research has been conducted on his position and his productions in modern Kurdish poetry. This was at time when he was one of the leaders of free poetry in Kurdish literature and one of the leaders of the 1970s perspective movement in Kurdish poetry, the study conducted according to the method of analysis. The research is about the rol and position of Jalal Mirza Karim in Kurdish literature. At the end, the results of the research were shown in two points. Except for the introduction, source list, and results, this research is based on two major sections.
Practicum Process and its Challenges from Students Teachers’ Perspective: Kurdish Department of Sulaimani University as Example
Authors: Raheem Karwan Juma
Published: July 2023

The paper attempts to identify the challenges faced by student-teachers of Kurdish Department- College of Basic Education- University of Sulaimani during their teaching practice. The study hypothesizes that student-teachers encounter some challenges throughout teaching practice. To investigate the challenges, a questionnaire is designed, which consists of 20 relevant items of the practicum process. The questionnaire is responded by 34 student-teachers. The data is analyzed; according to the analyzed data, the study reached a result that student-teachers face some challenges in the schools, which includes a shortage of practicum period, use of traditional methods by the school teachers, lack of teaching facilities, large classes, lack of evaluator’s regular visiting and ignoring the practice side of Kurdish lesson.
Naqshbandi Sheikhs in Hawraman and Halabja province from their formation until 1958
Authors: Mustafa Sozan  Karim , Qadir Luqman Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Naqshbandi Sheikhs in Hawraman and Halabja province from their formation until 1958” is a historical study of the Naqshbandi Sufi sect and its sheikhs in this particular geographical area, as part of Kurdish religious history in the region. 
In general, the research consists of an introduction, three topics, results and list of sources.
 First Topic:  look at the history of the Naqshbandi sect in the region and how it reached that border, not the Naqshbandi sect in general.  Finally, the reasons for its development in this region and its relations with the powers of the time.  It starts with Sheikh (Uthman Sirajuddin) as Maulana's first caliph in this region and fulfilling Maulana's duties and instructions.
Second Topic: is to go into the tradition of the Naqshbandi sheikhs of Hawraman, how to transfer the sheikhdom from hand-to-hand within its sect and in the region.  It was basically different from the traditional tradition of the Qadiris, because basically this sect should have relied on the ability and commitment of the religious and Sufis of the Caliphs, but they posed the same traditions of the Sheikhs.  However, they had many educated and capable caliphs. 
This tradition, while on the one hand kept the sheikhdom in this family for a long time, on the other hand was a source of dispute among the descendants of the sheikh on the issue of succession and position.
Third Topic: is to talk about the family origin of this family and a ranking of the most prominent Naqshbandi sheikhs of Hawraman is presented.  Those who have embodied the official work of the sheikhs, for each of these sheikhs, their religious and social life, their role and influence on the sect, and their role and reference to their scientific and social and political relations.
Federal Regions from the Perspective of International Relations Theories
Authors: Sharif Amin Faraj , Ahmad Sarwar Hama
Published: July 2023

The Issue of Federal Regions as Non-State Actors from the Perspective of International Relations Theories Is an Ambiguous and Complicated Issue. Despite Huge Discussion on The Role Played by Non-State Actors, Yet There Is No Consensus Among World Politics Theorists on The Role and Position of Those Actors in the International Interactions. In This Regard, Theorists Have Been Divided in Two Groups, Some Believe That Non-State Actors are Active and Effective Power and They Play Major Role in Political, Economic and Military Matters of the World, While Others Think That despite Comprehensive Changes Recently, and The States Have Remained as the Main Actors of International Relations.
The concept of justice in Islam – by confirming Ibn Khaldun views
Authors: Saeed Mohammed Hussein
Published: July 2023

One of the important subjects of civil community throughout history up to now, is the subject of achieving that tendency of society in which justice can be mainly attained. The nature and importance of this subject has been a reason for illustrating different views on the importance of justice.

Islamic Religion as a divine religion has always given importance to humans and provided a worthy life away from oppression. Justice matter has a big role in it like a bridge which connects people to the happiness of both lives. Ibn Khaldun as a knowledgeable and Islamic scholar wants to offer justice in the society with a political cover and content. In this study, the analytical and descriptive methodology has been used to discuss the importance of justice in the view of Islam and Ibn Khaldun.
Geographical Analysis of Differences in Soil Chemical Properties in Sirwan District
Authors: Mohammed Sarwar Abdulla , Sabir Saya Salam
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study is to present the amount of soil nutrients and the geographical distribution of each of these nutrients in different parts of Sirwan district in different altitude units, especially in natural and unproduced soils Influence of the natural environment such as geological structures, altitude and climate types, each of these affect the soil characteristics of the region, especially geological structures such as limestone, which is the main source of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate These settlements are formed as a result of the transport and removal of minerals and organic materials from the mountains and forests to the plains and their deposition, which leads us to the conclusion that the soil of the region contains a good amount of nutrients but in different high and low units, but these different soils have not been exploited to the extent necessary, whether due to high and low altitude or any other reason. Because these soils can be used in different forms of agriculture such as swamps and stairs, especially in highland soils.

The geographical location of the study area is located in the east of Kurdistan Region and south and southeast of Halabja province, the astronomical location of the study area lies in the latitude (8°:2−:35=) to (46°:18−:35=) north and longitude (45°:45−:2=) to (46°:10−:42=) east.
Evaluation of Environmental Pollution by Heavy Metals in Penjwin Town District Minefields
Authors: Karim Dilman Kaml , Abdulrahman Rozhan Faraidun
Published: July 2023

The existence of minefields in each region and country will be one of the main reasons for delaying social, economic and environmental growth in it, in this regard, and because of the importance of the subject and the adverse effects of the minefields existence. Mines in penjwin district, which forms and important part of the border between the Kurdistan Region and Iran, have been one of the areas of the war between Iraq and Iran, so it is known as one of the most dangerous mine-owning areas in Sulaimani province. The study aim of revealing all the facts about how minefields cause the increase of heavy metals and the destruction of the environment. To achieve this aim, the research discusses the natural and human elements in Penjwin, represents the distribution of the minefields and enlightens the environmental impacts according to the mines kinds.
كاریگه‌رى جیۆلۆجیاو به‌رزونزمى له‌سه‌ر دابه‌شبوونى جوگرافى كانیاوه‌كانى ناحیه‌ى سیروان-پارێزگاى هه‌ڵه‌بجه‌
Authors: ئه‌حمه‌د ڕێباز حمه‌غریب
Published: July 2023

تقع منطقة الدراسة شمالى محافظة حلبجة، وتشكل 12.9% من مساحتها الكلية، تناولت هذه الدراسة التحليل الجغرافي للتركيب الجيولوجى وتضاريس منطقة، حيث يتراوح ارتفاعها من (439-2024)متر فوق مستوى سطح البحر، وتعود تكويناتها الجيولوجية الى العصور الجوراسى والترياسي والطباشيرى من حقبة الثانية، مع بعض التركيبات الجيولوجية العائدة الى الحقبتين الثالثة والرابعة. هدف الدراسة هو تسليط الضوء على تاثير كل واحدة من تلك التكوينات الجيولوجية على التوزيع الجغرافي للينابيع في المنطقة والتي تلعب دورا كبيرا في وجود وكثافة توزيع الينابيع. حيث وجد ان 63% من الينابيع يعود ظهورها الى تركيبات بالامبو و كوميتان والرواسب الجديدة. كما ان 90% من الينابيع وجدت على ارتفاع يترواح من 500-1500 متر فوق مستوى البحر . والتحقيق أهداف الدراسة أعتمد الباحث بالدرجة الاولى على البحث الميدانى للتعرف على المواقع الجغرافية للينابيع البالغ عددها 217 ينبوعا، وباستخدام برنامج GIS على شكل خرائط وجداول منفصلة تم توضيح تأثير كل من العامل الجيولوجى والتضاريس بشكل مفصل ، واختتم البحث بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات، ومن ثم تم عرض قائمة المصادر المعتمدة.     پوختە ناوچه‌ى لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌ ده‌كه‌وێته‌ پارێزگاى هه‌ڵه‌بجه‌وه‌و به‌شێكى گرنگى خاكى پارێزگاكه‌ داگیرده‌كات به‌ ڕێژه‌ى له‌ (42.9%) خاكى پارێزگاكه‌، له‌م توێژینه‌وه‌ هه‌وڵدراوه‌ شیكردنه‌وه‌ى جوگرافى بۆ جیۆلۆجیاو به‌رزى و نزمى ناوچه‌كه‌ بكرێت، كه‌ به‌رزو نزمى ناوچه‌كه‌ش له‌ نێوان (439-2024) مه‌تره‌ له‌ ئاستى ڕووى ده‌ریاوه‌، هه‌روه‌ها پێكهاته‌ جیۆلۆجییه‌كانیشى ته‌مه‌نیان ده‌گه‌ڕێته‌وه‌ بۆ چاخه‌كانى (جۆراسى و تریاسى و كریتاسى) له‌ماوه‌ى دووه‌م له‌گه‌ڵ هه‌ندێ پێكهاته‌ى ماوه‌ى سێیه‌م و چواره‌م، پاشان كاریگه‌رى هه‌ریه‌كه‌یان له‌سه‌ر دابه‌شبوونى جوگرافى كانیاوه‌كان خراوه‌ته‌ڕوو، كه‌ ڕۆڵ وكاریگه‌رى به‌رچاویان هه‌بووه‌ له‌ ده‌ركه‌وتنى كانیاوه‌كان و چڕى دابه‌شبوونیان، به‌شێوه‌یه‌ك له‌ (63%)ى كانیاوه‌كان له‌ پێكهاته‌ى (باڵامبۆ و كۆمیتان، نیشتووه‌ نوێیه‌كان) به‌ده‌ركه‌وتوون، له‌گه‌ڵ ئاستى به‌رزى نێوان (500-1500)مه‌تر، كه‌ (90%)ى كانیاوه‌كان له‌و پشتێنه‌یه‌ به‌ده‌ركه‌وتوون.بۆ ئه‌نجامدانى ئه‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌ توێژه‌‌ر به‌ پله‌ى یه‌كه‌م پشتى به‌ لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌ى مه‌یدانى به‌ستووه‌ بۆ ده‌ستنیشانكردنى شوێنى كانیاوه‌كان، كه‌ زیاد له‌(217) كانى بوون پاشان له‌ ڕێگه‌ى پرۆگرامى (GIS) شیكردنه‌وه‌ بۆ كاریگه‌رى جیۆلۆجیاو تۆپۆگرافیا كراوه‌ و به‌شێوه‌ى خشته‌و نه‌خشه‌، كاریگه‌رى هه‌ریه‌ك له‌ تۆپۆگرافیا و جیۆلۆجیا به‌ جیا خراوه‌ته‌ ڕوو.