bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARGENTINE POLITICAL VIOLENCE DURING STATE FORMATION (1862-1880) AN INTERPRETATIVE ESSAY
Authors: Cucchi Laura
Published: December 2019

Abstract Traditionally, Argentine historiography has considered the many uprisings that took place in Argentina during the second half of the nineteenth century to be disruptive actions that hampered the institutionalization of the political system outlined in the Constitution. Historians understood these forms of political mobilization as a part of minor power struggles between elites who, through their behavior, perpetuated political instability and delayed state consolidation. Recent empirical, local studies offer a different view of political violence in Argentina during state formation. This article reviews those studies and proposes a new global interpretation of the concept and practice of violence for the period between national unification (1862) and the consolidation of the state (1880).
COMÉRCIO ILEGAL DE AFRICANOS NO INTERIOR DO BRASIL OITOCENTISTA: O CASO DO PATACHO HERMINIA (PARAÍBA - 1850)
Authors: Guimarães Matheus Silveira
Published: December 2019

Resumo Os estudos sobre o tráfico de africanos para o Brasil têm trazido importantes informações acerca da organização dessa atividade. O funcionamento desde a África, passando pelos navios negreiros, e a viagem atlântica até a chegada dos escravizados no Brasil, bem como suas rotas de venda, têm sido as principais preocupações. O foco volta-se, sobretudo, aos portos de Recife, Salvador e Rio de Janeiro, os mais representativos. Entretanto, precisamos aprofundar os estudos sobre como se dava esse mercado para outras províncias. A partir do estudo da apreensão do patacho Herminia na cidade da Parahyba do Norte, em 1850, lançaremos luz sobre alguns aspectos do comércio de africanos no interior do Império brasileiro oitocentista. Com isso, perceberemos algumas das estratégias utilizadas pelos traficantes na distribuição de cativos ilegais em regiões que não demandavam grande mão de obra africana.
DUAS NARRATIVAS PARA O LUGAR DOS INDÍGENAS NAS ORIGENS DA NAÇÃO: A HISTÓRIA FICCIONAL DE MAGALHÃES E ALENCAR
Authors: Ferreira Cristina , Lenz Thiago
Published: December 2019

RESUMO História e literatura exprimem sentidos ao mundo social por meio de narrativas que subsidiam a investigação histórica, com pistas fragmentárias de suas redes de interlocução social e intertextual. Em consonância com esses pressupostos teórico-metodológicos, este artigo analisa o indianismo preconizado pelo Romantismo brasileiro, por meio do estudo da polêmica entre Domingos José Gonçalves de Magalhães e José de Alencar. A Confederação dos Tamoios (1856), poema épico escrito por Magalhães e narrado em forma de versos, descrevia o conflito empreendido pelos índios Tamoios, no período de 1554 a 1567, contra os portugueses e sua prática de escravização indígena. O poema não teve aceitação totalmente elogiosa, com destaque para as críticas de José de Alencar que, sob o pseudônimo de Ig, alegou que o formato de epopeia não captava o heroísmo idealizado às personagens indígenas e às especificidades do Brasil mediante o pouco destaque atribuído às características da natureza. O ponto de convergência na abordagem de ambos era a ênfase na figura do indígena, gestada a partir de uma aproximação com os relatos de cronistas, mas por intermédio de maneiras distintas de usufruto: Magalhães adotava a fidelidade ao “testemunho”, sem a idealização, enquanto Alencar seguiu o caminho inverso e poetizou os nativos. Tais embates literários confirmaram a formulação de uma literatura romântica pautada no estudo de cronistas para a composição de textos ficcionais, demarcando a evidência da fluidez entre história e literatura no universo letrado oitocentista.
ARTESANOS HISPANOAMERICANOS DEL SIGLO XIX: IDENTIDADES, ORGANIZACIONES Y ACCIÓN POLÍTICA
Authors: Meglio Gabriel Di , Guzmán Tomás , Katz Mariana
Published: December 2019

Resumen En este trabajo presentamos una visión en conjunto de la historia de los artesanos en seis ciudades hispanoamericanas en un período extenso: Bogotá, Buenos Aires, La Paz, Lima, México y Santiago de Chile desde el último tramo del siglo XVIII hasta fines del XIX. En la historiografía que se ha ocupado de estos casos hay algunos problemas recurrentes: la caracterización del artesanado y su identidad social; las formas de organización, como gremios, cofradías, sociedades y mutuales; el papel de los artesanos en las demandas de una política económica proteccionista; sus formas de participación en la política republicana; y la coyuntura de conflictividad vivida en la mayoría de estas ciudades hacia mediados del siglo XIX. Nuestro objetivo es recuperar los aspectos comunes y los divergentes que se han relevado en torno de estas problemáticas y construir preguntas que alimenten una agenda de debates sobre las intersecciones entre historia de los trabajadores, conflictividad y política en la transición del orden colonial al republicano.
“UM JOGO DE PARTIDOS”: EDUCAÇÃO PÚBLICA E POLÍTICA NO MARANHÃO IMPERIAL
Authors: Silva Alexandre Ribeiro e , Vidal Diana Gonçalves
Published: December 2019

Resumo Este artigo discute as relações entre educação pública e disputas políticas na província do Maranhão. Partimos de um evento ocorrido em julho de 1838: a demissão de um professor substituto motivada, segundo relato da imprensa de oposição ao governo, por perseguição política. A denúncia tratou o caso como mais uma arbitrariedade do então presidente da província, fazendo da educação um “jogo de partidos”. Iniciando com a apresentação do artigo, publicado no jornal Chronica Maranhense, remetemos à gênese dos grupos políticos em disputa naquele momento. Em seguida, analisamos as trajetórias de dois personagens envolvidos no episódio: João Francisco Lisboa, o denunciante, e Estevão Rafael de Carvalho, o professor demitido, ambos sujeitos proeminentes na política provincial. No terceiro item, voltamos a atenção para o terceiro personagem, o presidente da província Vicente Thomaz Pires de Figueiredo Camargo, apontando as condições em que chegou ao Maranhão e suas ações no ramo da instrução pública. Na última parte, concentramo-nos no episódio da demissão a partir da réplica de Estevão Rafael de Carvalho. Introduzimos, ainda, um quarto personagem: Francisco Sotero dos Reis, político, jornalista e professor, acusado de ser mantido na substituição de uma cadeira por apoiar o governo. Consideramos que a instrução pública, assim como os impressos, servia de veículo para defesa de ideias e formação de opinião, e seu controle era objeto de disputa por parte de grupos políticos. Ao contrário de uma contenda pessoal, o caso analisado indiciava as lutas travadas pela orientação política da província do Maranhão.
Construct validity of the Brazilian version of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) in a sample of elderly users of the primary healthcare system
Authors: Zucoloto Miriane Lucindo , Santos Scarlet Feitosa , Terada Natalia Akemi Yamada , Martinez Edson Zangiacomi
Published: December 2019

Abstract Objective To assess the psychometric properties of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) considering a sample of elderly users of the primary healthcare facilities of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Methods The MOS-SSS is a widely used measurement of social support in different contexts, consisting of 19 items with answer categories that range on a 7-point rating scale. Data collection regarding the psychometric properties of the MOS-SSS was performed in a stratified sample of elderly users of primary healthcare facilities of Ribeirão Preto. Data were collected at five district basic health units located in the city through face-to-face interviews. Polychoric correlation matrix and exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses were performed. Results A total of 357 elderly subjects aged 60 years or older participated in the study (62.7% females). According to the polychoric correlation matrix, higher coefficients of correlation (> 0.90) were detected among 12 pairs of items and grouped into four factors, as suggested for EFA. The results of the CFA confirmed the construct validity of the four-factor structure of the MOS-SSS when applied to our sample, as well as the stability of this model in distinct subsamples. Conclusion The four-factor structure of the MOS-SSS was found to be suitable and presented adequate construct validity for the assessment of social support in elderly users of primary healthcare facilities.
Reliability-based calibration of Brazilian structural design codes used in the design of concrete structures
Authors: SANTIAGO W. C. , KROETZ H. M. , BECK A. T.
Published: December 2019

Abstract This paper presents a reliability-based calibration of partial safety factors for Brazilian codes used in the design of concrete structures. The work is based on reliability theory, which allows an explicit representation of the uncertainties involved in terms of resistances and loads. Regarding the resistances, this study considers beams with concrete of five classes (C20, C30, C40, C50 and C60), three ratios between base and effective depth (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75), three longitudinal reinforcement ratios (ρmin, 0.5% and ρmax) and three transverse reinforcement ratios ( A s s m i n, 5 . A s s m i n and A s s m a x). In terms of loads, this work considers seven ratios between live loads and permanent loads (qn/gn), and seven ratios between wind loads and permanent loads (wn/gn). The study also adopts a single value for the target reliability index (βtarget = 3.0). Results show that the optimized set of partial safety factors leads to more uniform reliability for different design situations and load combinations.
Experimental investigation on shear resistance of self-consolidating concrete beams
Authors: SAVARIS G. , PINTO R. C. A.
Published: December 2019

Abstract Self-consolidating concrete stands out for its high fluidity and stability, which are obtained by the reduction of the coarse aggregate dimensions and content in the mixture and also by the addition of superplasticizer and viscosity modifiers. An experimental test program was carried out to evaluate the influence of these particularities of self-consolidating concrete mixtures on the shear capacity of beams with shear reinforcement. Four mixtures of self-compacting concrete and two mixtures of conventionally vibrated concrete with different coarse aggregate size and volume were used for the production of beams to be tested under flexure. The experimental results were compared to those estimated by the ACI-318, CAN A23.3, EC-2 and NBR 6118 design codes. The results demonstrated that the reduction of coarse aggregate dimensions and content in self-compacting concrete mixture did not significantly influence the ultimate shear strength. The shear strengths obtained experimentally were considered adequate to codes estimates, for both concrete types.
Study about concrete with recycled expanded polystyrene
Authors: CARVALHO C. H. R. , MOTTA L. A. C.
Published: December 2019

Abstract This work studied the properties of lightweight concretes with addition of expanded polystyrene (EPS) for structural walls applications. EPS for being a material produced on a large scale and has low density, produces a large volume of waste. These residues are not reused, especially in Brazil. Given that, in order to perform a comparison of the performance of concrete with adding of EPS in pearls and recycled, it have been manufactured five concrete types, a control without addition of EPS and four other samples with two different percentages of EPS. The mechanical (compressive strength) and physical (density, voids content, absorption by immersion and capillarity) properties were evaluated, and tests were carried out to evaluate the thermal performance of the mixtures studied. The concretes with EPS presented compressive strength less than the reference concrete, however, the absorption for capillarity and thermal properties was better in concretes with EPS. It is concluded that it is feasible to replace the EPS in pearls by recycled EPS, due to the close results found.
Proposal of a new system to classify possible damages in piles partially reinforced considering the results of low strain integrity tests
Authors: PASQUAL R. P. S. , KORMANN A. C. M. , DE SOUZA JUNIOR T. F.
Published: December 2019

Abstract Low strain integrity tests in piles are relatively cheap, of quick execution and nondestructive. Despite all these advantages, several variables are involved and the influence of external factors can complicate the interpretation of the results. Between them, the influence of the pile reinforcement can be high lighted. In piles partially reinforced, the difference in density and elastic modulus of the concrete in different parts of the pile and the influence of the process of introducing the reinforcement bars can induce some reflections in the test that can be confused with damage in the pile and, therefore, should be taken into account to analyze the tests results. In this research, the influence of the reinforcement embedded in the piles is analyzed using numerical (FEM) simulations and comparing them with tests made in the field. A new classification of possible damages is proposed based on the analysis of the reflections observed at the end of the reinforcement cage embedded in a pile partially reinforced.
Optimized dimensioning of steel-concrete composite beams
Authors: SILVA A. R. , RODRIGUES T. A.
Published: December 2019

Abstract The steel-concrete composite sections are often used in civil building in Brazil and around the world. The connection of the steel profile and the concrete slab increases the performance of the composite structural element due to the use of the advantages of each material. In this article, a bar element is used with an interface element for nonlinear analysis of steel-concrete composite beams with partial interaction. The objective is to develop an algorithm that uses this analysis tool to design steel-concrete composite beams looking for project optimized in terms of material costs. Defined spans, supports, ultimate and service load, an optimization algorithm is used to define the dimensions of the rectangular cross section of the concrete slab, I-shaped steel profile, and the reinforcement bars of the concrete slab, so that the quantity of these materials are the minimum to ensure structural safety, considering the ultimate and service limit states. The design constraints are obtained from building code requirements for concrete, steel and composite structures. The objective function is defined as the cost per unit length of the composite beam, obtained from the unit cost of each material, steel, concrete and reinforcement. In the optimization process, the iterative method sequential linear programming is used, in which the nonlinear problem is approximated by a sequence of linear problems, which has its optimum point defined step by step by the Simplex method. Examples of composite beams with ultimate loads defined in the literature were used to validate the implementations. Other examples were analyzed, being evaluated at each iteration the restrictions and objective function to verify the efficiency of the algorithm.
Translating the Rules of Football in South America, 1863-1914
Authors: Brown Matthew
Published: December 2019

Abstract This article explores the early history of Association Football in South America through the case study of the first translations of the rules of the game from English into Portuguese and Spanish. It demonstrates, by means of a comparison of the different temporalities and contexts of these documents, the connected and transnational nature of the sport. This has often been neglected in national paradigm studies of football pioneers and the first matches, clubs and leagues. The study of the translators suggests new avenues for the study of the interlinked histories of sport, politics and culture.
“Os Leões em África”: futebol e política no Império Colonial português (1954)
Authors: Santos João Manuel Casquinha Malaia
Published: December 2019

RESUMO Num conturbado contexto político e de valorização da excepcionalidade do colonialismo português por parte do governo salazarista, o Sporting Clube de Portugal fez uma excursão de jogos de futebol às suas duas maiores colônias na África, Angola e Moçambique, com atuações também em Joanesburgo e Leopoldville. Por meio da análise de periódicos da imprensa da metrópole e das colônias africanas, buscamos entender as relações entre o futebol e a política colonial portuguesa, a difusão do discurso do lusotropicalismo e da exaltação das obras do “gênio colonial português”, além das tensões, esportivas e raciais, dessa experiência de convívio imperial.
A transferência de jogadores no sistema FIFA e a migração de brasileiros para a Europa (1920-1970)
Authors: Tonini Marcel Diego , Giglio Sérgio Settani
Published: December 2019

RESUMO O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a transferência de jogadores de futebol dentro do sistema da FIFA, com destaque para os brasileiros que foram para a Espanha e a Itália. Essas transferências trazem para o debate o contexto no qual os atletas passavam a se inserir, o da imigração. Por meio dos estatutos e regulamentos da FIFA, procuramos entender quais as condições de transferências de jogadores e, com base na historiografia e em diversas fontes, buscamos elaborar um histórico da ida de futebolistas brasileiros para a Europa de 1920 até o início dos anos 1970.
Sobre eleições, festivais e resolução de problemas: futebol de várzea e redes políticas locais em Belo Horizonte (1962-1965)
Authors: Ribeiro Raphael Rajão
Published: December 2019

RESUMO O presente artigo investiga os vínculos estabelecidos entre clubes de futebol de várzea e líderes políticos de Belo Horizonte no momento final do intervalo democrático. Ao mobilizar fontes impressas e a memória social sobre a prática, busca-se compreender de que maneira essas interações possibilitaram a manutenção de uma modalidade esportiva cada vez mais ameaçada pelas pressões decorrentes da transformação urbana. O exame dessas relações permite perceber uma rede de reciprocidade ampla, que se estende para muito além dos períodos eleitorais e da simples troca de favores por votos.
A Copa do Mundo da ditadura ou da resistência? Comemorações e disputas de memórias sobre a Argentina de 1978
Authors: Magalhães Lívia Gonçalves
Published: December 2019

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é relacionar as memórias sobre a vitória argentina na Copa do Mundo de 1978 ao contexto mais amplo de construções e disputas memorialísticas que marcaram tanto a ditadura quanto a redemocratização e a democracia da Argentina. A história recente do país é fortemente marcada pelos conflitos entre o passado autoritário e as relações da sociedade com a última ditadura, que surgem constantemente como espaço de conflito no presente por meio das disputas de narrativas sobre as muitas memórias construídas e consolidadas. A vitória de 1978 é um marco no conflito entre torcer versus resistir ao regime que vigorou entre março de 1976 e dezembro de 1983. Com o respaldo de dados consultados na sede da Federação Internacional de Futebol (Fifa) e de arquivos argentinos, nossa hipótese é a de uma mudança de política governamental com a chegada da direita na figura de Maurício Macri em 2015, em oposição às políticas de memória durante os governos kirchneristas de 2003 a 2015. Com isso, as comemorações dos trinta anos da conquista, em 2008, e dos quarenta anos, em 2018, permitem analisar essas mudanças políticas e perceber uma alteração na perspectiva da Copa como evento da ditadura.
Phase II Trial of Trifluridine/Tipiracil in Patients with Advanced, Refractory Biliary Tract Carcinoma
Authors: Chakrabarti Sakti , Zemla Tyler J. , Ahn Daniel H. , Ou Fang-Shu , Fruth Briant , Borad Mitesh J. , Hartgers Mindy L. , Wessling Jaclynn , Walkes Rachel L. , Alberts Steven R. , McWilliams Robert R. , Liu Minetta C. , Durgin Lori M. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Mahipal Amit
Published: December 2019

Trial Information

Click here to access other published clinical trials.

Lessons Learned

Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) shows promising antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma, including patients with 5-fluorouracil refractory tumors. FTD/TPI has an acceptable safety profile and should be studied further in patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma after progression on standard first-line therapy.

Background

Patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) refractory to first-line therapy lack an established second-line option. Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) has activity in both fluoropyrimidine-sensitive and -resistant tumors, which led us to conduct a single arm phase II trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of FTD/TPI for patients previously treated for advanced BTC.

Methods

Patients with advanced BTC previously treated with at least one line of chemotherapy were enrolled and treated with FTD/TPI until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint target was to have at least 6 patients who were progression free and alive at 16 weeks among 25 evaluable patients. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity.

Results

Of 27 evaluable patients, 59.3% received at least three prior lines of therapy, and 81.5% had previous exposure to fluoropyrimidine. Eight (32%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.9%–53.5%) patients were progression free at 16 weeks in the primary analysis population (n = 25), which met the predefined efficacy criteria. Median PFS and OS were 3.8 (95% CI, 2–5.8 months) and 6.1 (95% CI, 4.4–11.4 months) months, respectively. No objective responses were seen. There were no unexpected safety signals noted.

Conclusion

FTD/TPI demonstrated promising antitumor activity, with acceptable toxicity, in heavily pretreated patients with advanced BTC.
Deterioration of the performance of cement mortar lining due to sulfate attack
Authors: Zhang Wang , Xiao Ben-lin , Hu Da-wei , Zhou Hui , Zheng Jun , Zhang Fan
Published: December 2019

Lining structures are subjected to three-dimensional stress transferred from the overburden soil and rock formation and usually encounter external sulfate attack; permeability and mechanical properties of cement materials are significant for the stability of underground engineering. Geotechnical testing methods were adopted to analyse the evolution of gas permeability, ultrasonic P-wave velocity, uniaxial compression and splitting tensile strength of cement mortar specimens subjected to sulfate attack. With increasing confining pressure, the gas permeability gradually decreased, and the rates and amounts of decrease for the attacked specimens and non-attacked specimens were different. The gas permeability of attacked specimens was greater and more sensitive to the variation of confining pressure ranging from 5 to 20 MPa. Under high confining pressures ranging from 20 to 30 MPa, the rate of decrease in gas permeability was reduced. The ultrasonic P-wave velocity of attacked specimens was visibly lower than that of non-attacked specimens, while their open porosity was higher than that of their counterparts. Both the splitting tensile strength and uniaxial compressive strength decreased after sulfate attack, and the deterioration of the former one was more severe. The experimental results can provide reference material for establishing the long-term stability of concrete structures in a high-sulfate environment.
Hydraulic compatibility of geotextile-compost systems in landfill covers
Authors: Ryoo S. C. , Aydilek A. H.
Published: December 2019

Landfill covers are required by federal regulations to cap municipal solid waste and prevent leachate formation. The use of compost as part of a vegetative layer in landfill final covers is one way to improve the sustainability of landfills. In order to successfully use compost in landfill cover applications, hydraulic compatibility of the compost and underlying geotextile filters must be adequate. The hydraulic compatibility of various composts and geotextiles have been explored through laboratory long-term filtration (LTF) tests. Upon completion of the LTF tests, particle size analyses, permittivity tests, piping measurements, and image analyses were conducted to evaluate clogging and retention performances. When the clogging ratios and piping measurements were considered, all compost-geotextile combinations yielded acceptable clogging and retention performance. A parametric study was conducted to determine if different characteristic pore sizes and grain sizes influenced the laboratory clogging ratios and showed no apparent relationship. Existing filter selection criteria successfully predicted the observed retention behavior but failed to predict the clogging behavior. Based on limited LTF data, compost is not likely to promote clogging in geotextiles; however, additional soil-geotextile filtration tests are necessary to propose a new filter criterion for clogging.
Study of flow turbulence around a circular bridge pier in sand-mined stream channel
Authors: Lade Abhijit D. , Deshpande Vishal , Kumar Bimlesh
Published: December 2019

Experiments were performed in a sand bed channel to investigate the effects of a mining pit on the hydrodynamics around circular bridge piers. Mean velocity profiles, Reynolds stresses, kinetic energy fluxes and scales of turbulence were analysed at critical locations along the channel bed as well as in the proximity of the pier. At the approach location where flow had passed over the pit and was approaching the pier, substantial increments in the near-bed velocities, bed shear stress and Reynolds stresses were observed. Dredging of the pit increased the strength of the horseshoe vortex in the scour hole region and also amplified the shedding frequency of trailing vortices at the rear of the pier. These effects may be instrumental in the alteration of local scour as well as erosion and deposition patterns around bridge piers.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Dialysis Discontinuation and Survival after Hospitalization for Serious Conditions among Patients on Maintenance Dialysis
Authors: Agunbiade Abdulkareem , Dasgupta Abhijit , Ward Michael M.
Published: December 2019

Significance Statement

Racial and ethnic minorities, particularly blacks, survive longer on maintenance dialysis than whites. Minorities are also less likely to discontinue dialysis, which affects relative survival. Both differences have been attributed by some clinicians to better health among minorities on dialysis. To test if health differences explain racial and ethnic differences in dialysis discontinuation, the authors compared the frequency of dialysis discontinuation among racial and ethnic groups after hospitalization for one of four serious medical conditions. Despite hospitalization for the same condition, racial and ethnic minorities were less likely than whites to discontinue dialysis. Using a simulation that accounted for differences in dialysis discontinuation substantially reduced the survival advantage of racial and ethnic minorities. The study suggests that racial and ethnic differences in survival were largely determined by differential discontinuation of dialysis.

Background

Racial and ethnic minorities on dialysis survive longer than whites, and are less likely to discontinue dialysis. Both differences have been attributed by some clinicians to better health among minorities on dialysis.

Methods

To test if racial and ethnic differences in dialysis discontinuation reflected better health, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of survival and dialysis discontinuation among patients on maintenance dialysis in the US Renal Data System after hospitalization for either stroke (n=60,734), lung cancer (n=4100), dementia (n=40,084), or failure to thrive (n=42,950) between 2003 and 2014. We examined the frequency of discontinuation of dialysis and used simulations to estimate survival in minorities relative to whites if minorities had the same pattern of dialysis discontinuation as whites.

Results

Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians had substantially lower frequencies of dialysis discontinuation than whites in each hospitalization cohort. Observed risks of mortality were also lower for blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. In simulations that assigned discontinuation patterns similar to those found among whites across racial and ethnic groups, differences in survival were markedly attenuated and hazard ratios approached 1.0. Survival and dialysis discontinuation frequencies among American Indians and Alaska Natives were close to those of whites.

Conclusions

Racial and ethnic differences in dialysis discontinuation were present among patients hospitalized with similar health events. Among these patients, survival differences between racial and ethnic minorities and whites were largely attributable to differences in the frequency of discontinuation of dialysis.
Programa de intervención en debate crítico sobre el pensamiento crítico en universitarios
Authors: Tabares Díaz Yuranny Alejandra , Betancourth Zambrano Sonia Mireya , Martínez Daza Viviana Alexandra
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: analizar los efectos de un programa de intervención basado en debate crítico sobre el pensamiento crítico de estudiantes universitarios. Método: estudio cuasi experimental con pre y post-prueba con único grupo. La muestra estuvo conformada por estudiantes de psicología; se empleó la prueba de pensamiento crítico PENCRISAL. El programa de intervención se realizó en seis sesiones de trabajo, brindando además asesorías presenciales y a través de medios informáticos y redes sociales. Resultados: se evidenció una mejora significativa en el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes después del programa de intervención en los factores toma de decisiones, solución de problemas y puntuación total de la prueba. Conclusiones: el debate crítico es una estrategia que privilegia el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en universitarios.
Pedagogical Trends in Teaching Humanities in the Formation of Future Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Cifuentes-Medina José , Torres-Ortiz Jaime , Espejo-Lozado Ruby
Published: December 2019

Introduction: This study presents the results of an investigation, which addressed trends in teaching humanities and ethics when training future elementary school teachers participating in a distance and virtual education program. Humanistic education is understood to be a way to develop human sensitivity towards cultural and social diversity in order to understand the world. Objective: Its purpose, among others, is to foster the development of humanism among students.  Current problems focus on the most basic and primitive behaviors of the human being, such as their ability to annihilate, reject, exclude, isolate, dominate and control others. Universities have interpreted these ideological conditions as the educational processes that fall within commercial and industrialized educational frameworks. Method: This study was then conducted as an ethnography, which utilized videos as a non-participant technique for observation and record of virtual activity, collected and analyzed through ATLAS-Ti. Results: The results show that the most common pedagogical trends emerge from teacher-student interactions, which are integrated through socio-constructive, cognitive and behavioral processes. Discussion y Conclusion: In particular, such experiences as the need to persist teaching values, ethical principles, and the teacher’s role in training and transmitting humanistic and ethical knowledge can be shared with the community.
HuBMAP Tissue Sectioning for FFPE Specimens v2
Authors: Propper Leigh , Jorgensen Marda
Published: December 2019

This method details our microtomy (sectioning) process for reasearch specimens involved with HuBMAP. This process follows the microtomy process that follows after receiving, processing, and embedding of research specimens into formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks.
Measuring leaf carbon fractions with the ANKOM2000 Fiber Analyzer v1
Authors: Ayotte Jocelyne , Laliberté Etienne
Published: December 2019

Here we describe the standardized protocol used by the Canadian Airborne Biodiversity Observatory (CABO) to measure carbon fractions in leaf samples, using the ANKOM2000 Fiber Analyzer. Prior to the analysis, leaf samples are oven-dried, and then ground with a cyclone mill (2-mm screen). Then, carbon fractions are measured using a sequential digestion procedure to measure neutral detergent fiber (NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL). Finally, the residues are ashed in a muffle furnace to determine inorganic recalcitrant materials. This protocol is based on the manufacturer's protocols.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Köşeli Şekillere İlişkin Alan Bilgilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KORKMAZ Halil İbrahim , ŞAHİN Ömer
Published: December 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmen
adaylarının, ülkemizde uygulanmakta olan okul öncesi eğitim programında ele
alınan ve çocukların kazanmaları beklenen köşeli şekillere (üçgen, kare,
dikdörtgen) ilişkin alan bilgilerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla 97 okul öncesi
öğretmen adayı araştırmaya katılmıştır. Katılımcılara, araştırmacılar
tarafından geliştirilen bir yazılı görüşme formu sunulmuştur. Bu form ile öğretmen
adaylarından köşeli şekillere ilişkin tanımlar yapmaları, şekillere ilişkin
günlük yaşamdan örnekler vermeleri ve örnek çizimler yapmaları beklenmiştir. Elde
edilen veriler puanlayıcı güvenirliğinin sağlanabilmesi açısından iki farklı
araştırmacı tarafından Özetleyici İçerik
Analizi’ne tabi tutulmuştur. Öğretmen adaylarının şekillere ilişkin
tanımları, günlük yaşamdan verdikleri örnekler ve ortaya koydukları örnek
çizimlere ilişkin ortaya çıkan bulgular çeşitli kategoriler altında
değerlendirilerek sunulmuştur. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda okul öncesi öğretmen
adaylarının köşeli şekillerin tanımları ve günlük yaşamdan örnekleri konusunda
alan bilgilerinin yetersiz olduğu buna karşın şekillere ilişkin örnek çizimler
ortaya koyma konusunda yeterli düzeyde alan bilgisine sahip oldukları
görülmüştür. Araştırmanın sonuçları ışığında önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
CITY AND ROAD. THOUGHTS ON KARL MARX AVENUE IN SAMARA
Authors: Filippov Vasily Dmitrievich
Published: December 2019

The function of the city’s road network as one of the conditions for its formation and existence, as well as the features of its construction in the Soviet Union when moving towards a brighter future, is described. Samara’s Karl Marx Avenue, which has been present in the plans for the city development for more than 90 years, is exemplified. But it has not yet been built, despite the allocation of the land for construction. The consequences of construction in progress for traffic and the urban environment of the surrounding residential areas are discussed. The article also dwells upon its current state and potential consequences of its successful completion in the future. The difference in priorities for road and housing construction in modern Russian cities is described as the reason for the chronic deterioration of the transport situation, as well as the constant failure to fulfill plans for urban road construction.
UKRAINIAN LITERARY EMIGRATION: MODELS OF „ABSENT PRESENCE” IN MATERNAL WRITING
Authors: Tarnashinska Lyudmyla
Published: December 2019

The article focuses on various aspects and peculiarities of Ukrainian literary emigration – from the need to surround other people’s space with the whole complex of psychological, socio-cultural, creative problems – to the re-accentu- ation of the notions of motherland / stranger, center / periphery, etc. In this context, various individual views on the notion of a homeland as a territory and a homeland as a spiritual, metaphysical substance are considered.

It is noted that under the conditions of a closed system of totalitarianism, this was perhaps the only opportunity to perceive the intellectual, philosophical, artistic-style impulses of the world not only through the mediation of Russian and Polish translation, but also directly within other cultures. Writers outside Ukraine produced other models of world perception – hence the explanation of a broad map of scattering of Ukrainian emigrants. The emigre writers integrated into a strange world, the world of the Other is not as Alien, where, accordingly, there is a dominant, “central” or dominant culture and culture marginal, peripheral, brought from other ethnic territories and communities. On the one hand, they got the freedom of creativity, and on the other hand, they were limited by harsh conditions of survival (most of them had to work for a long time on different jobs). Open to change, they were guided by the guideline to maintain a certain balance between their / stranger to balance the images of their homeland / stranger. The received “gift of freedom” tried to convey creativity, “liberating” itself from traditional aesthetics, instead seeking the new, “unburied aesthetics”.

Different models of “absent presence” of diasporic writers in mainland Ukrainian literature (B. Boychuk, B. Rubchak, I. Koshelevets, Emma Andievskaya, Vera Vovk, Anna-Galya Gorbach, Martha and Ostap Tarnavsky, etc.) are analyzed in the article. Some of them tried to legalize their presence in the Ukrainian socio-cultural space still far from gaining independence from Ukraine; others have proven active in the Ukrainian cultural environment since the 1990’s.

The author stresses the need to study the holistic image of Ukrainian literature, including the study of mentality, psychological peculiarities of emigration writers.
Mobbing Mağdurlarının Sosyodemografik Özellikleri, İş Yaşamı ve Ruh Sağlıkları Açısından İncelenmesi: Olgu Serisi
Authors: Deniz Derya
Published: December 2019

Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate mobbing victims who resorted to outpatient clinics of Department of Forensic Medicine at İstanbul University Faculty of Medicine. 34 workers who were exposed to mobbing were evaluated by clinical interview and social investigation. 
Materials and Methods: Information about the mobbing process, sociodemographic characteristics and workplace of the cases were obtained by clinical interview. In this study, the diagnoses given to the patients after the assessment in the Psychiatry Department of İstanbul University Medical Faculty were used. Descriptive Analysis were made using the data of 34 participants.
Results:  67.6% of the cases were female and 32.4% were male. They were aged between 31-62 years and the mean age was 42, 18. 20 of the cases were single, 12 of them were married and 2 of them were divorced. 3 of them were high school graduates, 11 of them have bachelor’s degree and 10 of them have master’s degree. 24 of them (% 70, 6) were working in the public sector and 10 of them (%29,4) were working in the private sector. Their work experiences range from 5 to 35 years. The mean duration of exposure to mobbing was 31.6 months. 91.2% of the cases (31 workers) stated that they were exposed to vertical mobbing.16 of cases were teachers, 7 of them were academicians, 2 of them were health workers, 4 of them were employees of service sector, 2 of them were civil servants, 2 of them were non-governmental organizations’ workers and...
Dilbilimsel Otopsi
Authors: Karaman Burcu İlkay
Published: December 2019

Objective: Different from authorship attribution, authorship profiling requires more elaborated investigations. This article deals with the authorship profiling criteria involving methods for the prediction of suspects' gender, age group, profession, native language, location, demography, personality traits, and mental health.
Materials and Methods: Authorship profiling elements involve the prediction of gender, age group, profession, native language, location, demography, personality traits, mental health, educational level, ethnicity, cultural level, social status, religious belief, political interests, and cultural values of a suspect by a thorough investigation of the text s/he produced. For these elements, which we refer to as authorship profiling criteria, several methods have been developed involving the analysis of the author’s part of speech usage, the suspected text’s readability features, lexical choice, errors, and topic specific features. The aforementioned criteria are of universal value, i.e. can be applied to any language, however, may occasionally vary from language to language and from writing system to writing system, depending on language family and typology.
Results and Discussion: The article specifically deals with the investigation of methods, such as the prediction of gender, age group, profession, native language, location, demography, personality traits, and mental health, concerning authorship profiling elements. For each element the accuracy rate of prediction varies 60-80%. In order to increase this rate, forensic linguists need to develop new methods, depending on the advances encountered in each subfield of linguistics. As it is considerably difficult to acquire original case material in Turkey, it is inevitable to do research with fictional data and corpus.
THE OVERVIEW OF METHOD OF BALANCED RESOURSE RESERVATION AND MULTICAST ROUTING IN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK
Authors: MERSNİ Amal , NEVZOROVA Olena , TOLSTYKH Yelyzaveta
Published: December 2019

The overview of a mathematical model for multicast routing supporting shared explicit reservation of link resource was presented, which is introduced by linear expressions that responsible for ensuring the connectivity of the calculated multicast routes, as well as the absence of loops in them. The novelty of the model consists in introducing conditions for preventing congestion of communication links when implementing a shared explicit reservation, in which a link resource is allocated to several flows simultaneously, but the list of these flows is strictly defined. The task of routing multicast flows supporting shared explicit reservation of link resource is formulated as an optimization problem of mixed integer linear programming. The use of the proposed model makes it possible to exploit the available link resource more efficiently (on average, from 15 to 25%) by ensuring the consistency of solutions for multicast routing tasks and organizing of the shared explicit reservation.
Evaluation of the pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis process of palm shell and waste tyres in a CO2 atmosphere
Authors: Reyes Rodriguez Diego Andrés , Reyes Trejos Omar Yesid , Camargo Vargas Gabriel de Jesús
Published: December 2019

In this manuscript, the effect of various mixture proportions of a lignocellulosic material (palm shell) and waste tyres (a material not easily degraded in natural environmental conditions) subjected to a thermochemical process known as pyrolysis, on the distribution of the different fractions of the reaction products, was analyzed. The mixtures consisted of 20%-80%, 50%-50% and 80%-20% of palm shell and used tyre respectively, which were subjected to a co-pyrolysis, a simultaneous thermochemical decomposition of two biomass sources, and the resulting liquid and solid fractions were characterized. The experiments were carried out using a 0.5 mm-particle size under 500 °C for each pyrolysis run. The raw materials are characterized by proximate and elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in addition to Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA).
Solid and liquid products were also characterized by FTIR, and their calorific value was also determined. The distribution of fractions was made by weight difference between the fractions and the mass fed. The pyrolysis run that obtained the best properties was the mixture of 80% waste tyres and 20% palm shells with a calorific value of 21,117 kJ/kg, obtaining three types of products with the following mass proportions: solid 23.5%, liquid 18.6% and gas 57.9%. It can be concluded that the solid product obtained has a great energy potential, superior than that of dry wood, which is 19,000 kJ/kg.
SEAIC Specialty Forum: Analysis of the Current Situation of Allergology in Spain and Outlook for the Future
Authors: Sastre J , Valero Santiago A , Montoro Lacomba J , Quirce S , Vidal Pan C , Dávila González I , Olaguibel Rivera JM , Torres Jaén MJ , Rodríguez Vázquez V , Antolin Amerigo D , Ojeda Fernández P
Published: December 2019

Background: Allergology has been a recognized medical specialty in Spain, with fully defined aims and competencies for more than 4 decades. However, in recent years, its visibility seems to have decreased somewhat. Objectives: To identify which specific factors have contributed to the waning of the importance of the specialty and find tangible solutions to consolidate its place as a front-line medical specialty. Material and methods: An online population survey comprising 60 items of interest was prepared. The degree of agreement and the level of satisfaction with each item were assessed, and implementable initiatives in the short, medium, and long terms were defined in order to provide solutions to the issues identified. Results: The survey was completed by a total of 167 specialists with an average of 18 years’ experience. Most were from public reference hospitals, and 29.3% were heads of department. The line of action for which a good degree of agreement was achieved was to promote the inclusion of an allergist in multidisciplinary teams. The priority lines of action were to improve undergraduate and graduate training in allergology and specialized nursing, to identify curricula in Spain, and to develop robust teaching projects. Conclusions: The results revealed a high degree of homogeneity between professionals. The basic pillars highlighted were as follows: quality training, knowledge, and research in immunotherapy; an innovative portfolio of services endorsed by clinical practice guidelines; and presence in multidisciplinary teams and relevant hospital committees.
Plan Nacional de Logística de Cargas PNLOG El Salvador 2018-2032
Authors: Fioravanti Reinaldo , Uechi Luis , Granada Isabel , Rendón José Rodrigo , Benítez Carolina , Martinez Rivas Marelia , Venot Carolina S.
Published: December 2019

El Plan Nacional de Logística de Cargas (PNLOG) para El Salvador 2018-2032, es el resultado de un proceso de planificación que contó con la participación de actores clave del sector logístico, representado un valioso instrumento de largo plazo que integra la Agenda Estratégica y el Plan para el desarrollo de logística de cargas en un horizonte de quince años, con miras a mejorar el desempeño y madurez del sistema logístico nacional, potenciar el comercio exterior y, con ello, apoyar el desarrollo del país. El documento se ha elaborado considerando la metodología para la Formulación de Planes Nacionales en Logística de Cargas, desarrollado por el BID. La formulación del Plan ha contemplado varias etapas: a) la conformación de instancias no formales de diálogo público-privado vinculados a los subsistemas prioritarios identificados inicialmente, b) la validación de los subsistemas, el mapeo de familias y la identificación de problemas de desempeño y madurez logística, c) el desarrollo de la agenda estratégica para el sector, d) la formulación del plan de acción incluyendo el desarrollo consensuado de la Imagen Objetivo, e) el diseño de la estrategia de implementación y, f) delimitación de Planes de Acciones Inmediatas (PAI). El presente Plan, ha buscado integrar integrar y ordenar la información sobre múltiples planes, proyectos y acciones a través del diálogo y consenso entre actores claves con incidencia (directa o indirecta) en el sector, buscando definir una orientación estratégica que servirá de fundamento a la priorización de acciones y proyectos según la relevancia percibida por los actores clave del país, complementando la con la discusión de buenas prácticas y su potencial de aplicación al país, desarrollando de esta manera una estrategia de implementación efectiva: cómo organizar de forma eficiente la ejecución de un plan en un sector que es transversal –donde existen una multiplicidad de actores y sectores involucrados, resultando en un Plan de Acción Inmediata que representará una Hoja de Ruta de corto, mediano y largo plazo.