bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a Blockchain Technology Competence Model for Interdisciplinary Curricula Development
Authors: Fomin Vladislav , Gürpinar Tan , Balevičienė Dovilė
Published: February 2024

Contribution. This study identifies blockchain-related competences essential for professionals involved in blockchain projects and develops a blockchain technology competence model for interdisciplinary curricula development. Background. Amidst the surge in blockchain implementations, a gap exists in systematic knowledge about the skills required from blockchain professionals. While the number of new blockchain implementation cases is growing, there are no systematic reviews on the success factors or the skills required from blockchain professionals. Lack of systematic information on blockchain projects and their implementers presents a substantial obstacle to the development of new competence-oriented academic and professional educational programs, as well as for guiding recruitment for blockchain projects. Research Question. This research investigates the necessary knowledge and skills to leverage opportunities and adapt to changing employment trends in blockchain technology. The guiding research question of this study is, what knowledge and skills must be acquired in order to be able to exploit opportunities and to be prepared for changes in employment trends in the context of blockchain innovations? Methodology. The study adopts exploratory multiple case analysis based on qualitative content analysis of job advertisement and expert interviews. Findings. The study develops a blockchain technology competence model for interdisciplinary academic and professional educational programs. The developed model can also be used for guiding the development of professional training, certification, and recruitment strategies and practice for blockchain projects.
Association HSP70with some physiological parameters in dairy goat under south Turkey conditions
Authors: AL Yamani Hafsa , Koluman Nazan
Published: February 2024

Background: It has been demonstrated that the composition of HSP70 heat shock protein 70 is temperature correlated HSP70 effects is one as cellular thermometer in response to heat stress and other stimuli. Goat also possess anatomical and physiological characteristics that qualify for their wide ability to ecological adaptability, nevertheless, the productivity of the individual declines during thermal stress .the study in the issuance of this article accomplished to analyze the level of concentration of heat shock protein variance heat stress phenotypes in response to chronic heat stress. Ruslt: The investigation has been carried out in Alpin (brown colour), Saanen (Wightcolour), these breeds same age (1-2 year) and differ in size and production performance. The thermostress appreciation was at a temperature humidity index (THI) 80.8 during summer, 55.1 during winter and 70.1 during spring. Physiological parameters for thermal stress susceptibility was carried at by combining pulse rate (PR) (bpm), respiration rate (RR) (breath/min), body temperature (BT) °C, skin temperature (ST) °C and head temperature (HT). HSP70 level of concentrations were analyzed with ELISA, the gene expression pattern of HSP70 in different seasons indicated that the HSP70 for Saanen breed was 26.9, 18.3 and 14.1 during spring, summer and winter respectively. HSP70 for Alpine was 12.7, 13.7 and 14.7 in the spring, summer and winter respectively. Conclusion: The seasonal variation associated with changes of environmental variable, especially ambient temperature had great effects on physiological and cellular function of goats. Under adverse climatic conditions the body and skin temperature of goats increased due to the heat loading into the animal body. To maintain the homeothermy, goats increased their respiratory frequency to promote heat dissipation. Moreover, goats’ body develop a cellular pathway to cope thermal challenge. This later is expressed through the high synthesis of heat shock protein that was observed in this study. HSPs represents an important molecular indicator when assessing heat stress in goats.
Strategies for Improving Vaccine Communication and Uptake
Authors: O’Leary Sean T. , Opel Douglas J. , Cataldi Jessica R. , Hackell Jesse M. ,   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, O’Leary Sean T. , Campbell James D. , Ardura Monica I. , Banerjee Ritu , Bryant Kristina A. , Caserta Mary T. , Frenck Robert , Gerber Jeffrey S. , John Chandy C. , Kourtis Athena P. , Myers Angela , Pannaraj Pia , Ratner Adam J. , Shah Samir S. , Kimberlin David W. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Lynfield Ruth , Sawyer Mark H. , Bernstein Henry H. , Cardemil Cristina , Farizo Karen M. , Kafer Lisa M. , Kim David , Medina Eduardo López , Moore Denee , Panagiotakopoulos Lakshmi , Romero José R. , Sauvé Laura , Starke Jeffrey R. , Thompson Jennifer , Wharton Melinda , Woods Charles R. , Frantz Jennifer M. , Gibbs Gillian ,   COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE AND AMBULATORY MEDICINE, Hackell Jesse M. , Almendarez Yvette Marie , Berhane Abeba Mebrahtu , Cantrell Patricia E. , Kafer Lisa Michele , Latimer Tomitra , Warner Robin , Wiskind Robert H. , Schafer Katherine , Skatrud Alisa , Magnus Mackenzie A. ,   COMMITTEE ON BIOETHICS, Laventhal Naomi Tricot , Geis Gina Marie , Loeff Deborah Susan , Michelson Kelly , Ott Mary , Elster Nanette , Diekema Douglas S. , Arora Kavita , McGee Maria , Emanuel Anjie
Published: February 2024

Vaccines have led to a significant decrease in rates of vaccine-preventable diseases and have made a significant impact on the health of children. However, some parents express concerns about vaccine safety and the necessity of vaccines. The concerns of parents range from hesitancy about some immunizations to refusal of all vaccines. This clinical report provides information about the scope and impact of the problem, the facts surrounding common vaccination concerns, and the latest evidence regarding effective communication techniques for the vaccine conversation.

After reading this clinical report, readers can expect to: Understand concepts and underlying determinants of vaccine uptake and vaccine hesitancy.Understand the relationship between vaccine hesitancy and costs of preventable medical care.Recognize and address specific concerns (eg, vaccine safety) with caregivers when hesitancy is present.
Effects of blanching and Ginkgo biloba extract on volatile organic compounds of bacon were analysed by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Yuan Q.Q.
Published: February 2024

This article presents an analysis of the impact of blanching and Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Cantonese bacon using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). The study aims to investigate how different processing techniques influence the composition of volatile compounds in meat products, thereby contributing to the understanding of flavour release patterns.

The experiment involved dividing pork belly into six groups: conventional (C), heat treatment (H, 50 °C, 15 s), high-temperature treatment (S, 80 °C, 5 s), conventional treatment with GBE (CG, 0.5% GBE), heat composite treatment with GBE (HG, 50 °C, 15 s, 0.5% GBE), and high-temperature heat composite treatment with GBE (SG, 80 °C, 15 s, 0.5% GBE). The researchers identified a total of 36 compounds in the GC-IMS spectrum. The results showed that the ethanol content decreased in the H group samples after blanching treatment, while it increased in the S group samples. The CG, H, HG, and SG groups exhibited more significant changes compared to the C group. The H group had the highest number of VOCs among all the groups. Additionally, the flavour of the H, CG, and HG group products was notably enhanced.

In conclusion, GC-IMS allows for real-time visual analysis of VOCs, and both blanching treatment and the addition of GBE significantly affect the composition of VOCs in the samples.
The effect of an attractant toxic sugar bait (ATSB) incorporating Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and methoprene on mosquito populations
Authors: Kollars Thomas , Carder Mark , Debboun Mustapha , McPhatter Lee
Published: February 2024

Background: The threat posed by mosquito-borne diseases continues to increase globally. The increase of pesticide resistance is impacting vector control and public health globally. The development and testing of new pesticides faces several challenges, e.g., time for development, high cost, and regulatory hurdles. Adapting pesticides that are currently used within integrated vector management can help alleviate these challenges. Methoprene has demonstrated reduction of larval populations and fecundity in adult mosquitoes. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy of ProVector Entobac with methoprene (Entobac M) on mosquito populations in rural sites in Southeastern Georgia.
Methods: ProVector® Military Camouflage Tubes with ProVector Entobac M pesticide were placed in a grid at test sites. A positive control test site and a negative control site were used to compare results statistically. Mosquito diversity and evenness among sites were measured using Shannon Diversity Index and Equitability.
Results: Deployment of ProVector® Military Camouflage Tubes with ProVector Entobac M pesticide was effective in reducing total mosquito populations. The mosquito species shared among the test sites and positive control site were similar, and the negative control site was least similar in diversity and evenness. There was variation of control within Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex genera.
Discussion: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy of the ProVector Military Camouflage Tube delivery of Entobac with methoprene (Entobac M) on mosquito populations. Mosquito-borne diseases are an increasing threat to communities around the world due to invasive species and global warming. In previous studies, ProVector® Entobac™ has been validated in laboratory and field studies to control both adult and larval mosquitoes in the United States and several other countries. Application of ecofriendly and target specific pesticides with no-resistance is critical in reducing mosquito populations and the risk of vector-borne diseases. Our study demonstrated a significant decrease in adult mosquito populations due to the utilization of a target specific mosquito larvicide that has been adapted to kill adult mosquitoes.
Strengthening organizational capacity in Kenya, Malawi, and South Sudan
Authors: Church Deirdre , Bormet Mona , Gathuru Evelyn , Guma Richard , Werekhwe Gift
Published: February 2024

This reports on a US-AID-funded project which engages faith-based organizations to strengthen their organizational capacity as they implement reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health grant activities. Implementing partners in Kenya, Malawi, and South Sudan completed the self-administered Organization Capacity Assessment and created corresponding action plans based on the assessment results. Each organization completed the priority activities that they identified in their action plans; strengthening staff capacity, sharpening monitoring and evaluation systems; and improving information systems. We conclude that grantmakers’ investment in strengthening the organizational capacity of their implementing partners results in the grantees having improved internal systems and being better positioned to obtain and execute future grant opportunities.
Faith-based pharmaceutical supply chains and their role in African pharmaceutical systems: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Jalloh Isatu , Olivier Jill , Whyle Eleanor Beth
Published: February 2024

For the health system to function well, the population must have equitable access to quality, affordable pharmaceutical supplies; however, pharmaceutical systems in Africa are challenged by inadequate funding, drug stock outs and irregular supplies, a shortage of trained pharmacy personnel, and a lack of systems for drug regulation and quality. Faith-based health providers, as private, not-for-profit actors, have long complemented public sector efforts in the supply of pharmaceuticals in Africa. However, the contribution of faith-based health providers in pharmaceutical systems has not been formally studied. This study examines the nature and function of faith-based healthcare providers in improving access to pharmaceutical supplies in Africa. To do so, we conducted an exploratory qualitative systematic review to identify documents that contain information on faith-based involvement in pharmaceutical supply in Africa. The review identified 20 articles for inclusion. These articles were analyzed using thematic, narrative analysis. The analysis revealed a significant evidence gap relating to the contribution of private-not-for-profit, faith-based providers to African pharmaceutical systems. The review suggests that while faith-based drug supply organizations have existed for a long time and contribute significantly to national pharmaceutical systems, there is very little known about the nature of faith-based pharmaceutical providers and how they complement public sector pharmaceutical systems. In many contexts, faith-based involvement in pharmaceutical systems improved access for the general population and increased the supply of pharmaceuticals in national systems. Faith-based drug supply organizations also often provide pharmaceutical supplies to both rural and urban areas, often targeting rural and remote areas particularly. The review also indicates that faith-based drug supply organizations improved access to medicines and related commodities and, despite a lack of regulation in many contexts, have the potential to make a positive contribution to quality assurance of pharmaceuticals. In summary, the analysis confirmed that faith-based involvement in pharmaceutical supply chains contributes to strengthening the national health system by complementing the public pharmaceutical system through improved access to medicines and related commodities in Africa. These conclusions corroborate the need to continually document and acknowledge faith-based healthcare providers’ efforts which could guide the formulation of stringent, evidence-based strategies.
Health status associated with SARS-CoV-2 risk perceptions in Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe
Authors: Kinyoki Dennis , Gemi Ruth , Guveya Gertrude , Mukabi James , Shreedhar Jaya , Manuel Fifi , Anderson Alex , Hall Cougar P , West Josh , Crookston Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Background & Aims. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on health in countries of every income level. While much is known about risk factors for COVID-19 severity, less is known about the relationship between COVID related risk perceptions and behaviors, particularly in low-income settings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between existing health status and COVID-19 risk perceptions and behaviors in Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe.
Methods. Data for this study came from a cross-sectional survey conducted simultaneously among 1158 adults in Sierra Leone and 1154 in Zimbabwe during July and August of 2022. Respondents were recruited from among communities served by the Christian Health Association of Sierra Leone (CHASL) and Zimbabwe Association of Church-Related Hospitals (ZACH), both members of the Africa Christian Health Associations Network (ACHAP).
Results. The relationship between health status and COVID-19 risk perceptions and behaviors varied significantly by health condition. Cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with heightened perceptions of COVID-19 risk, heightened perceived safety of COVID vaccines, and subsequent greater vaccine acceptance while cancer was likewise statistically significant in each of lower perceived susceptibility, perceived safety, and vaccination uptake. Similarly, obesity was associated with both lower perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 and decreased perceived safety of COVID vaccines.
Conclusion. Results suggest that the association between health conditions and COVID perceptions and behaviors is neither clear nor consistent across a variety of NCDs. Hence, findings from this study may inform public health interventions aimed at reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, including increasing vaccine acceptance and uptake in Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe. Further, findings potentially have broader implications for understanding how health status is associated with COVID-19 risk perceptions in other LMICs.
Epidemiology of dermatophytes among primary school children in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Okpo Ekomobong A. , Andy Iniobong E , John Godwin E , Chinyeaka Rosemary C.
Published: February 2024

Background & Aims: Children are more susceptible to dermatophytes due to different predisposing factors, such as under developed immune system and high sensitivity of their skin to infection. This study investigated the epidemiology of dermatophyte infection among primary school children in Calabar municipality, Nigeria.
Methods: Students attending two primary schools, DPS and PCNPS in Calabar Municipality, were clinically screened. Samples were collected from children with physical signs of dermatophytes on skin, scalp, and nails, and who were present on the day of sample collection. Affected areas were scraped and swabbed. Cultures were done on SDA, and Lactophenol cotton blue was used to prepare isolates for microscopy.
Results: A total of 779 children aged 4-17 years were screened. 202(25.9%) were mycologically positive by culture. The occurrence of dermatophyte infection was significantly higher in young children aged 4-6 years than in older children. Male children were more frequently infected (17.6%) than females (8.3%). Trichophyton spp. was the most prevalent etiological agent (35.6%), followed by Microsporum spp. (31.7%), and Epidemophyton spp. (19.3%). Plates with mixed colonies constituted 13.4% of the entire culture. Dermatophytes were mostly isolated from the scalp (63.9%), followed by skin (32.2%), and nails (4%). The prevalence of dermatophyte infection among the two schools’ children was 32.0% and 21.9% in DPS and PCNPS, respectively.
Conclusion: Dermatophyte infection is still prevalent among primary school children. Regular screening and use of educational health awareness of dermatophyte infection are recommended.
The synthesis of CoAl0.3Fe1.7O4/SmFeO3 nanocomposites with enhanced properties for technological applications
Authors: Ateia Ebtesam E. , Meleka K. K. , Singh Charanjeet , Ghobrial F. Z. , El-Bassuony A. , Ghafar Dalia N.
Published: February 2024

The main challenge of the current study is to produce nanocomposites (NCs) of (1-x) CoAl0.3Fe1.7O4 /(x)SmFeO3 with improved structural and magnetic properties using the citrate auto-combustion technique. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images showed nanostructures with average particle sizes of 32.5 and 52.5 nm for SmFO3 and CoAl0.3Fe1.7O4, respectively. The anisotropy constant values for x = 0.3 are nearly 11 times greater than SmFeO3. The ratio of SmFeO3 incorporated into NCs adjusts their switching field distribution (SFD), making NCs with a low SFD recommended for recording applications. NCs offer the combined advantages of the two constituent phases and can be used to create new and more advanced applications. Based on the estimated data, the prepared NCs can operate at a frequency between 0.1 and 11.9 GHz, making them suitable for developing nanotechnology devices from radio waves traveling through the S-band to the Ku band.

Graphical abstract
Melatonin: role in the pathogenesis of premature birth and influence on perinatal outcomes in premature babies (literature review)
Authors:   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Petrenko E.V. , Pampukha O.O. ,   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

A review of literature on the physiological role and biosynthesis of melatonin, its role in the pathogenesis of premature birth and the impact on perinatal outcomes in premature babies is given. The study of all possible links of the pathogenesis of premature birth remains an urgent issue for scientists all over the world, because despite the amount of information we have today, obstetrician-gynecologists and neonatologists continue the daily struggle with complications for women who have experienced premature birth, as well as for premature babies. Purpose - to investigate the main mechanisms of melatonin’s influence on the course of normal pregnancy and possible complications, such as: premature birth, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction. Modern researchers are not limited to identifying the pathogenetic aspects of premature birth in which melatonin is involved, therefore the review also includes the main achievements of modern science in the context of the use of exogenous melatonin in the treatment of such life-threatening conditions for prematurely born children as hypoxic-ischemic damage of brain, intraventricular hemorrhages, neonatal sepsis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The high safety profile and positive results of experimental studies of melatonin in preterm animals suggest the possibility of using melatonin in antenatal neuroprotection and treatment of postnatal complications, such as hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, neonatal sepsis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Influence of psychoactive substance use and sexually transmitted infections on the cervical cytology
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Podolskyi Vl.V. , Shportenko I.A. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Pustovalova O.I. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.М. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: February 2024

The introduction addresses the societal stigma surrounding psychoactive substance abuse and its implications for women’s health, particularly concerning cervical health. It sets the context for the study by highlighting the need to understand the impact of substance abuse and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on cervical health. Purpose - to investigate the effects of psychoactive substance abuse and concurrent STIs on the health of the cervix in women. The study seeks to identify correlations between substance abuse, STIs, and cervical pathologies, providing valuable insights for healthcare strategies. Materials and methods. The study involved a sample of 160 women divided into groups based on their use of psychoactive substances and the presence of STIs. Cervical cytological smears were collected and analysed using Romanowsky-Giemsa and Papanicolaou staining methods. This approach aimed to detect and categorize any cellular abnormalities in the cervical epithelium. Results. The findings revealed a significant correlation between the abuse of psychoactive substances and the frequency of squamous cell abnormalities in the cervix, especially in those with concurrent STIs. Conditions like koilocytosis and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) were notably prevalent among substance abusers, indicating an increased risk for cervical dysplasia and potential progression to cervical cancer. Conclusions. The study concludes that psychoactive substance abuse, particularly in combination with STIs, significantly increases the risk of cervical pathologies in women. This underscores the necessity for enhanced cervical cancer screening and prevention strategies targeted at women who abuse psychoactive substances. The findings highlight the importance of addressing substance abuse and STIs in women’s health programs and public health initiatives, especially in high-risk groups. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committees of the institutions mentioned in the paper. An informed parental consent was obtained for the study in women. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Savoury and Unsavoury Origins of the Terms Clafoutis and Clabber
Authors: Sayers William
Published: February 2024

A look at the the origin of the name for the french clafoutis and the English dish, claber.
Biogastronomica III
Authors: Dalby Andrew
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the history of the notion of cayenne pepper -- where it comes from geographically and what from what chilli variety is the powder produced?
Runes on the Horn, Leeks in the Ale
Authors: Sayers William
Published: February 2024

This article looks at instructions on detoxifying proffered drinks of ale that are part of the medieval Old Norse-Icelandic poem called Sigrdrífumál (The Lay of Sigrdrífa) from the collection known as The Poetic Edda, the valkyrie (‘chooser of the slain’). Sigrdrífa, whose name means ‘victory-driver’, instructs the future hero Sigurðr about the various kinds of runes that will prove helpful in his future vocation as hero and dragon-slayer. She begins by offering him luck-bringing ale where he is recommended to inscribe a fingernail with the nauðr rune. This recommendation has prompted scholarly speculation on both female sexual desire and the need to counter it in some symbolic fashion.
Peter Brears: Traditional Food in the South Pennines
Authors: Murrell Di
Published: February 2024

Peter Brears: Traditional Food in the South Pennines: Hebden Bridge Local History society, 2022: 252 pp., paperback, £11.99.
Neil Buttery: A Dark History of Sugar: Pen and Sword History
Authors: Murrell Di
Published: February 2024

Neil Buttery: A Dark History of Sugar: Pen and Sword History, 2022: 240 pp., hardback, £20.00.
Dez anos de pesquisas sobre os Institutos Federais um mapeamento da produção científica
Authors: Pena Geralda Aparecida de Carvalho , Pires Fabíula Tatiane
Published: February 2024

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve o objetivo de identificar e mapear uma década de produção científica sobre os Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs), na área de educação. O recorte temporal foi o período de 2009 a 2018. A metodologia do estudo envolveu a coleta de dados no Catálogo de teses e dissertações da CAPES, bem como a análise das temáticas pesquisadas nessa produção. Os resultados da investigação mostram que uma quantidade expressiva de trabalhos foi desenvolvida nesse período, sendo o maior percentual de pesquisas desenvolvidas na região sudeste do país e nas instituições federais de ensino. O estudo aponta ainda as temáticas mais pesquisadas, bem como as lacunas da produção.
A produção de conhecimento no ProfEPT no período de 2018 A 2020
Authors: Silva Claudio Nei Nascimento da , Silvano Debora Leite , Borges Igor de Oliveira Melo
Published: February 2024

Buscou caracterizar as dissertações produzidas no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica em Rede Nacional (ProfEPT), no período de 2018 a 2020 e identificar, por meio da análise das palavras-chave, os eixos temáticos revelados pelo conjunto das dissertações. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva, seguida de uma análise das relações de co-ocorrência de palavras-chave. Os resultaram evidenciaram ser o ProfEPT um importante movimento de produção de conhecimento sobre Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) e que, apesar da multiplicidade de temas investigados, as produções se mostraram coerentes com os conceitos e preocupações fundamentais de uma EPT apoiada na noção de trabalho como princípio educativo. Aponta para a natureza reflexiva do programa, na perspectiva de uma práxis investigativa, representando um dos maiores movimentos institucionais de formação de um quadro nacional de pesquisadores sobre a EPT, orientados por um viés crítico e emancipatório.
Evaluation of Post-Vaccination Immunity in Children and Adolescents after Viral Hepatitis B Vaccine
Authors: Khamidulina Anna A. , Solovеva Irina L. , Kostinov Mikhail P. , Polishchuk Valentina B. , Firsova Natalia V. , Achilov Atabeg B. , Nikitina Tatiana N. , Isayeva Darya A. , Petrunina Darya D. , Korotkova Ksenia M. , Gerlinger Yekaterina А. , Magomedova Naida A.
Published: February 2024

Vaccination against viral hepatitis B is an effective method of protection against this infection. There is multiple decrease in the hepatitis B incidence. However, there was increase in chronic hepatitis B by 42.5%, 15 cases of acute viral hepatitis B in children and 2 deaths from this infection were registered according to the state report “On the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population of the Russian Federation for 2022”. The criteria for evaluating protection against viral hepatitis B are the anti-HBs level and the duration of post-vaccination immunity.

Objective. The aim of the study is to evaluate the duration of postvaccination immunity in temporal aspect in children and adolescents vaccinated against viral hepatitis B.

Methods. Prospective open-label study was conducted to assess post-vaccination immunity against viral hepatitis B in 143 children and adolescents. The study of anti-HBs was implemented via the immunoenzyme test system “Vectohep B-HBs-antigen”. Microsoft Office Excel 2010 package and the Prism9 program (GraphPad, USA) were used for statistical analysis.

Results. It has been shown that hepatitis B vaccine provides 100% seroconversion. However, decrease in anti-HBs levels was revealed already 6 months after vaccination in 15.07% of cases of seronegative individuals, after 1 year their number has increased up to 28.77% of cases. On average, every fourth person had low protective level of anti-HBs. Almost two-thirds of adolescents became seronegative by the age of 14.

Conclusion. Vaccination against viral hepatitis B ensures the maximum production of anti-HBs 1 month after the completed vaccination in 100% of cases. Antibody level begins to decrease 6 months after the third completed vaccination against hepatitis B, and in 14 years, 72.74% of those immunized become seronegative. All of these dictates the need to consider a booster dose in adolescents at the age of 14 years.
Modern Approach to Fabry Disease Diagnosis and Management in Children
Authors: Smirnova Olga Ya. , Vashakmadze Nato D. , Karaseva Maria S. , Zhurkova Natalia V. , Rachkova Anna Yu. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S.
Published: February 2024

Fabry disease (FD), or Andersen-Fabry disease, is a rare hereditary lysosomal disease (sphingolipids storage disease) characterized by progressive multisystem involvement. The major symptoms among children are neuropathic pain / acroparesthesia, angiokeratomas, hypo- or anhidrosis, vortex keratopathy. Biochemical tests, molecular genetic testing, and family screening play crucial role in the diagnosis of the disease. Specific pathogenetic treatment of FD includes enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant medications of the lysosomal enzyme -galactosidase A. ERT initiation before the development of severe organs and systems’ damage contributes to its higher efficacy. This article covers various aspects of pathogenesis, clinical picture features in childhood, modern methods of diagnosis and management of FD according to literature data.
Association between Intestinal Microbiota in Infants and their Neurodevelopment: Systematic Literature Review on Scoping Review Methodology
Authors: Malygina Olga G. , Usynina Anna A. , Makarova Anna A.
Published: February 2024

Background. The long-term effects of large intestine microbiota or its disorders on human health remain largely unexplored. Particularly the issue of an association between the intestinal microbiota in newborns and infants with their further neurodevelopment remains unclear. Objective. The aim of the study is to systematically summarize studies' results on the association of large intestine microbiota (its normal composition and in case of any disorders) in newborns and infants and their neurodevelopment until the age of 1 year. Methods. The search of publications was performed in the following databases: Medline, Web of Science (WoS), Scientific electronic library (eLIBRARY.RU), and CyberLeninka. The publication period was dated from January 2001 to May 2022 (until December 2021 for WoS). The review included studies that examined the an association of large intestine microbiota in newborns and infants with their neurodevelopment until the age of 1 year, the presence of nervous system pathology, behavioral and/or emotional disorders. Languages of analyzed publications were Russian and English. Results. The review includes data from 9 studies. Data on the association of the intestine microbiota (its composition and/or the number of microorganisms) with neurodevelopment at the early age is summarized. Conclusion. Large intestine microbiota of infants is regarded as new non-invasive biomarker of their neurodevelopment. Differences in the design of published original studies included in the systematic literature review do not allow us to assess the role of individual microbiota components in infant’s neurodevelopment.
Allelic variant 6A (rs35068180) of the MMP-3 promoter region as a predictor of cardiotoxicity after the end of adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Karput I. A. , Snezhitsky V. A. , Kurbat M. N. , Gorustovich O. A. , Babenko O. S.
Published: February 2024

Aim. To evaluate the relationship of polymorphic variants rs2232228 of the HAS3 gene, rs8187710 of the ABCC2 gene, rs35068180 of the MMP-3 gene with cardiotoxicity after the end of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.

Material and methods. The study included 100 patients (women, mean age 52,5±9,4 years) diagnosed with breast cancer who received anthracycline antibiotics (doxorubicin, total dose 240 mg/m2 or 360 mg/m2). Echocardiography was performed before and after the end of chemotherapy. Polymorphic status of selected targets was determined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results. After the end of chemotherapy, based on the changes of left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain, cardiotoxicity (CT) was detected in 20 patients. There were following significant differences between subgroups: rs8187710 of the ABCC2 gene — not identified; rs2232228 of the HAS3 gene — genotype AA, odds ratio (OR) 3,37 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1,14; 9,97) and allelic variant A, OR 2,17 (95% CI 0,98; 4,80) are significantly more common (p<0,05) in the cardiotoxicity+ subgroup; rs35068180 of the MMP-3 gene — genotype 6A/6A, OR 2,53 (95% CI 0,93; 6,88) and allelic variant 6A, OR 2,19 (95% CI 1,08; 4,44) are significantly more often (p<0,05) in the cardiotoxicity+ subgroup.

Conclusion. Genotype 6A/6A, allelic variant 6A rs35068180 of the MMP-3 gene, genotype AA and allelic variant A rs2232228 of the HAS3 gene can be considered as predictors of early cardiotoxicity after the end of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer receiving doxorubicin.
Obstructive sleep apnea in bradyarrhythmias
Authors: Bulavina I. A. , Vaisman Yu. D. , Baimukanov A. M. , Yunyaeva M. V. , Ilyich I. L. , Termosesov S. A.
Published: February 2024

In recent decades, there has been increased interest in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), especially in patients with a combination of OSA and sleep bradyarrhythmias. Worldwide, the diagnosis of OSA is steadily increasing. Increasingly, clinicians have begun to use CPAP therapy to treat sleep-related bradyarrhythmias. But in world practice there are no unambiguous guidelines for the management of this group of patients.
Clinical characteristics of carriers of pathogenic LDLR and АРОВ mutations
Authors: Kim Z. F. , Galyavich A. S. , Sadykova D. I. , Nurieva L. M. , Kim E. S.
Published: February 2024

Aim. To analyze the clinical characteristics of carriers of pathogenic LDLR and АРОВ mutations, as well as the prognostic value of Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Score (DLCNS) as applied to carriage of АРОВ or LDLR.

Material and methods. The study included 1233 outpatient lipid clinic patients. Biomaterial samples from 421 patients with the hereditary dyslipidemia were studied using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to identify carriage of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)-associated genes (LDLR, АРОВ, PCSK9, LDLRAP1), as well as polymorphism of the APOE gene. Statistical processing was performed using descriptive statistics methods.

Results. According to the data obtained, the most significant predictors of pathogenic LDLR mutations are the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), and previous coronary artery bypass grafting. The level of LDL-C, family history of cerebrovascular accident or CAD, and arcus senilis were more significant for verifying the carriage of pathogenic АРОВ mutations. Using screening potential carriers of FH using the DLCN or Simon-Broome diagnostic criteria, the probability of FH may be underestimated due to the discrepancy between the scale criteria and the prognostic contribution of clinical or anamnestic data. These scales do not take into account the estrogen status of potential female carriers of FH.

Conclusion. Thus, diagnostic criteria for identifying potential FH vary among different patient groups. Their diagnostic significance depends on sex, and in women, on reproductive status. Only part of DLCN and Simon-Broome criteria can be applied to assess the FH likelihood, and to a greater extent for carriage of LDLR, but not АРОВ.
Consensus statement on the management of patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia in general medical practice
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Mazurov V. I. , Martynov A. I. , Nasonov E. L. , Saiganov S. A. , Lila A. M. , Bashkinov R. A. , Bobkova I. N. , Baimukhamedov Ch. T. , Gaidukova I. Z. , Guseinov N. I. , Duplyakov D. V. , Eliseev M. S. , Mamasaidov A. T. , Martusevich N. A. , Mirakhmedova Kh. T. , Murkamilov I. T. , Nabieva D. A. , Nevzorova V. A. , Ostroumova O. D. , Salukhov V. V. , Togizbaev G. A. , Trofimov E. A. , Khalimov Yu. Sh. , Chesnikova A. I. , Yakushin S. S.
Published: February 2024

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Alterações respiratórias em crianças expostas à poeira de resíduos de mineração em Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brasil: Projeto Bruminha
Authors: Saraiva Renan Duarte dos Santos , Santos Aline de Souza Espíndola , Oliveira Ana Paula Natividade de , Mazoto Maíra Lopes , Câmara Volney de Magalhães , Asmus Carmen Ildes Fróes Rodrigues
Published: February 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência de afecções respiratórias em crianças expostas à poeira de resíduos de mineração após o desastre do rompimento da barragem em Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A população de estudo incluiu crianças com idades entre 0 e 6 anos, residentes em três comunidades expostas à resíduos de poeira de mineração (Córrego do Feijão, Parque da Cachoeira e Tejuco) e uma comunidade não exposta (Aranha). A coleta de dados ocorreu entre 19 e 30 de julho de 2021, por meio de questionários que abordavam informações sociodemográficas e um inquérito recordatório sobre sinais, sintomas e doenças respiratórias. Foram avaliadas 217 crianças, sendo 119 das comunidades expostas e 98 da comunidade não exposta. Os residentes nas comunidades expostas relataram aumento na frequência de faxina em suas residências (p = 0,04) e no tráfego de veículos (p = 0,03). Entre as crianças de 4 anos, foi observada uma maior frequência de afecções das vias aéreas superiores (p = 0,01) e inferiores (p = 0,01), bem como de alergia respiratória (p = 0,05). O grupo exposto apresentou 1,5 vez mais relatos de alergia respiratória (75%; p = 0,02) em comparação com o não exposto (50,5%). Crianças que viviam nas comunidades expostas à poeira de resíduos apresentaram três vezes mais chance (OR ajustada = 3.63; IC95%: 1,37; 9,57) de ocorrência de alergia respiratória em comparação com as não expostas. Dois anos e seis meses após a ocorrência do desastre ambiental, as crianças das comunidades afetadas pelos resíduos das atividades de mineração e remediação permaneciam expostas à poeira com efeitos tóxicos sobre a saúde respiratória.
Evaluation of clinical efficacy of streptokinase by comparison with the thrombolytic agent on animal model
Authors: Yousaf S. , Arshad M. , Harraz F. A. , Masood R. , Zia M. A. , Jalalah M. , Faisal M.
Published: February 2024

Abstract Cardiovascular disorders, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), often lead to blood clot formation, impacting blood circulation. Streptokinase, a cost-effective and widely available thrombolytic agent, is crucial in treating thrombosis. This study aimed to produce streptokinase from Streptococcus pyogenes EBL-48 and compare its efficacy with heparin in an animal model. We evaluated the clot-lysing effectiveness of streptokinase produced from Streptococcus pyogenes EBL-48, emphasizing its low cost and ease of production. Streptokinase was produced using pre-optimized fermentation media and purified through ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. In vivo analysis involved inducing clots in a trial animal model using ferric chloride, comparing streptokinase with heparin. Ultrasonography assessed the clot-lysing activity of streptokinase. Streptokinase (47 kDa) effectively lysed clots, proving its low cost, easy production, and minimal adverse effects. Ultrasonography confirmed its fibrinolytic efficacy. These findings highlight potential as an affordable and easily produced thrombolytic agent, particularly relevant in resource-limited settings. Streptokinase efficacy and minimal adverse effects make it a promising option for thrombolytic therapy, especially in economically constrained regions. Future studies could optimize production techniques, explore different strains, and conduct clinical trials for human validation. Comparative studies with other thrombolytic agents would enhance understanding of their advantages and limitations.
Comparative assessment of metabolic, ionic and molecular responsiveness of four facultative halophytes to habitat salinization in the southwest of Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsubhi S. A. , Aljeddani G. S. , Fallatah T. A.
Published: February 2024

Abstract This study explores the influence of salinity on some physiological and biochemical pathways of four facultative halophytes (Abutilon pannosum, Indigofera oblongifolia, Senna italica, and Tetraena coccinea) along the southwest coast of Jeddah Governorate. Through a comparative analysis of these plants in both saline and non-saline environments, the study investigates chlorophyll levels, ion concentrations within the plants, the correlation with the SOS1 gene, and the impact of salinity on metabolic compounds. The overarching goal is to gain insights into the adaptive mechanisms of these specific plants to salt stress, providing valuable information for addressing global agricultural challenges associated with salinity. Throughout the study, metabolic, ionic, and molecular responses of these plants were scrutinized in both environments. The findings revealed elevated levels of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in saline habitats, except for Na+ in I. oblongifolia. Despite increased concentrations of Chl b, variations were noted in Chl a and carotenoids in plants exposed to salt. Osmoregulatory patterns in A. pannosum and I. oblongifolia exhibited reversible changes, including heightened protein and proline levels in A. pannosum and decreased levels in I. oblongifolia, accompanied by alterations in amino acids and soluble carbohydrates. Senna italica displayed higher levels of osmolytes, excluding proline, compared to salinized environments, while T. coccinea exhibited lower levels of amino acids. The accumulation of Na+ emerged as the primary mechanism for ionic homeostasis in these plants, with non-significant decreases observed in K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. Notably, an overexpression of the SOS1 gene (plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter) was observed as a response to maintaining ionic balance. Understanding these halophytes will be critical in addressing salinity challenges and enhancing crop tolerance to salinity.
Evaluation and estimation of diuretic activity of the linalyl acetate in the rats
Authors: Rafique F. , Mushtaq M. N. , Ahmed H. , Younis W.
Published: February 2024

Abstract This study aimed to explore the diuretic activity of linalyl acetate (LA). LA is an essential oil, it is an integral phyto-constituent of various plants. In this study, acute and chronic diuretic activities were explored by measuring the levels of different electrolytes and pH in the urine of experimental rats. Rats were divided into five groups. The control group was given 10 mg/kg normal saline, the treated group was given 10 mg/kg furosemide, and the remaining 3 groups received different doses of LA including 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg through intraperitoneal route, to determine its diuretic potential. Urine volume for acute diuretic activity was measured for 6 hours however for chronic diuretic activity was measured for 6 days. For a comparative study of LA with a control group and treated group with reference drug, diuretic index was used. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of the diuretic activity was also explored by comparing atropine, L-NAME, and indomethacin. The results of each group with 6 rats in each group were obtained by ± standard error of the mean of every group. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Results revealed that the LA 75 mg/kg dose showed comparable results as of furosemide. Moreover, this study revealed the involvement of muscarinic receptors to produce diuresis in comparison with atropine with very little involvement of prostanoids and no effect on NO pathway induced by indomethacin and L-NAME respectively. It is concluded that LA possess anti-diuretic potential. Muscarinic receptors might be involved in producing diuretic effects.
The effect of climate change on agricultural production in Iran
Authors: Rajabalinejad A. , Nozari N. , Badr B. R.
Published: February 2024

Abstract The issue of climate change caused by global warming has become a major concern and challenge around the world, requiring comprehensive countermeasures. Agriculture is the most affected part of climate change and Iran's agriculture economy is at risk because of hot and dry and damages due global climate changes. This study investigates the effects of climatic variables temperature, such as precipitation, carbon and dioxide emission on total crop production in Iran from 1971 to 2020 using a fully modified conventional least squares econometric model (FMOLS). Chemical fertilizer and crop area variables, as well as fixed capital in agricultural have machinery, also been used as indicators of technology. The results showed that all variables had a significant effect on production. The average annual temperature and total annual rainfall its had an inverse U-shaped relationship with production, and were significant. Fertilizer and crop area variables had a positive effect, while CO2 had a negative relationship on total crop production in Iran. The findings of this study can be used to provide strategic plans for policymakers in the face of climate change. It is suggested that the government invest more in the mechanization of the agricultural sector and provide facilities and credits with priority given to farmers' education and the use of temperature-resistant varieties, and also act regionally against climate change.