bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-scale energy cascade powered by magnetospheric convection
Authors: Ukhorskiy Aleksandr Y. , Sorathia Kareem A. , Merkin Viacheslav G. , Crabtree Chris , Fletcher Alex C. , Malaspina David M. , Schwartz Steven J.
Published: March 2022

Plasma convection in the Earth’s magnetosphere from the distant magnetotail to the inner magnetosphere occurs largely in the form of mesoscale flows, i.e., discrete enhancements in the plasma flow with sharp dipolarizations of magnetic field. Recent spacecraft observations suggest that the dipolarization flows are associated with a wide range of kinetic processes such as kinetic Alfvén waves, whistler-mode waves, and nonlinear time-domain structures. In this paper we explore how mesoscale dipolarization flows produce suprathermal electron instabilities, thus providing free energy for the generation of the observed kinetic waves and structures. We employ three-dimensional test-particle simulations of electron dynamics one-way coupled to a global magnetospheric model. The simulations show rapid growth of interchanging regions of parallel and perpendicular electron temperature anisotropies distributed along the magnetic terrain formed around the dipolarization flows. Unencumbered in test-particle simulations, a rapid growth of velocity-space anisotropies in the collisionless magnetotail plasma is expected to be curbed by the generation of plasma waves. The results are compared with in situ observations of an isolated dipolarization flow at one of the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission spacecraft. The observations show strong wave activity alternating between broad-band wave activity and whistler waves. With estimated spatial extent being similar to the characteristic size of the temperature anisotropy patches in our test-particle simulations, the observed bursts of the wave activity are likely to be produced by the parallel and perpendicular electron energy anisotropies driven by the dipolarization flow, as suggested by our modeling results.
Kinetic interplay between droplet maturation and coalescence modulates shape of aged protein condensates
Authors: Garaizar Adiran , Espinosa Jorge R. , Joseph Jerelle A. , Collepardo-Guevara Rosana
Published: March 2022

Biomolecular condensates formed by the process of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) play diverse roles inside cells, from spatiotemporal compartmentalisation to speeding up chemical reactions. Upon maturation, the liquid-like properties of condensates, which underpin their functions, are gradually lost, eventually giving rise to solid-like states with potential pathological implications. Enhancement of inter-protein interactions is one of the main mechanisms suggested to trigger the formation of solid-like condensates. To gain a molecular-level understanding of how the accumulation of stronger interactions among proteins inside condensates affect the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of biomolecular condensates, and their shapes over time, we develop a tailored coarse-grained model of proteins that transition from establishing weak to stronger inter-protein interactions inside condensates. Our simulations reveal that the fast accumulation of strongly binding proteins during the nucleation and growth stages of condensate formation results in aspherical solid-like condensates. In contrast, when strong inter-protein interactions appear only after the equilibrium condensate has been formed, or when they accumulate slowly over time with respect to the time needed for droplets to fuse and grow, spherical solid-like droplets emerge. By conducting atomistic potential-of-mean-force simulations of NUP-98 peptides—prone to forming inter-protein $$\beta$$
β
-sheets—we observe that formation of inter-peptide $$\beta$$
β
-sheets increases the strength of the interactions consistently with the loss of liquid-like condensate properties we observe at the coarse-grained level. Overall, our work aids in elucidating fundamental molecular, kinetic, and thermodynamic mechanisms linking the rate of change in protein interaction strength to condensate shape and maturation during ageing.
Ultraslow light realization using an interacting Bose–Einstein condensate trapped in a shallow optical lattice
Authors: Mikaeili H. , Dalafi A. , Ghanaatshoar M. , Askari B.
Published: March 2022

In this article, we propose an experimentally feasible scheme for the ultraslow light realization based on the optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) phenomenon using a hybrid optomechanical system consisting of a one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate trapped in a shallow optical lattice considering the nonlinear effect of atom-atom interaction. It is shown how the system can switch from the normal mode splitting to the OMIT regime by manipulation of the s-wave scattering frequency of atomic collisions when the cavity is pumped at a fixed rate. Then, it is shown that an ultraslow light with a time delay more than 150 ms corresponding to a group velocity about 1 mm/s is achievable by controlling the optical lattice depth as well as the strength of atom-atom interaction and the number of atoms. Importantly, such an ultraslow light is detectable in the output of the cavity since it occurs in the frequency region of coupling-probe detuning where the reflection coefficient of the cavity is maximum.
Infant infections, respiratory symptoms, and allergy in relation to timing of rice cereal introduction in a United States cohort
Authors: Moroishi Yuka , Signes-Pastor Antonio J. , Li Zhigang , Cottingham Kathryn L. , Jackson Brian P. , Punshon Tracy , Madan Juliette , Nadeau Kari , Gui Jiang , Karagas Margaret R.
Published: March 2022

Rice products marketed in the USA, including baby rice cereal, contain inorganic arsenic, a putative immunotoxin. We sought to determine whether the timing of introduction of rice cereal in the first year of life influences occurrence of infections, respiratory symptoms, and allergy. Among 572 infants from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, we used generalized estimating equation, adjusted for maternal smoking during pregnancy, marital status, education attainment, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal age at enrollment, infant birth weight, and breastfeeding history. Among 572 infants, each month earlier of introduction to rice cereal was associated with increased risks of subsequent upper respiratory tract infections (relative risk, RR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00–1.09); lower respiratory tract infections (RR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02–1.39); acute respiratory symptoms including wheeze, difficulty breathing, and cough (RR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00–1.22); fever requiring a prescription medicine (RR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02–1.45) and allergy diagnosed by a physician (RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.36). No clear associations were observed with gastrointestinal symptoms. Our findings suggest that introduction of rice cereal earlier may influence infants’ susceptibility to respiratory infections and allergy.
Methylation at CpG sites related to growth differentiation factor-15 was not prospectively associated with cardiovascular death in discordant monozygotic twins
Authors: Moore Spencer Shawn , Mukherji Pallavi , Leung Ming , Vrentas Catherine E. , Mwanja Melsa M. , Dai Jun
Published: March 2022

Myocardial infarction patients had decreased methylation at four growth differentiating factor-15 (GDF-15) related CpG sites (cg13033858, cg16936953, cg17150809, and cg18608055). These sites had not been studied for their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths. Thus, we aimed to assess the associations independent of genes, shared environment, and traditional CVD risk factors. Nineteen white, male, monozygotic twin pairs discordant for CVD deaths were included from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Twin Study (NHLBI) initiated in 1969. Data on vital status was collected through December 31, 2014. Methylation of buffy coat DNA at exam 3 (1986–87) was measured using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Principal component analysis was used to generate a score representing blood leukocyte composition and baseline CVD risk factors and predominated with natural killer cells, CD4+ T cells, and Framingham risk score. Conditional logistic regression demonstrated that methylation at the four CpG sites was not associated with CVD deaths before (all p > 0.05, bootstrapped p > 0.05) and after adjustment for the score (all p > 0.05). Joint influences of cg16936953 and the score were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, joint influences of methylation at the site cg16936953 and the score are prospectively associated with CVD deaths independent of germline and common environment.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier for NHLBI Twin Study: NCT00005124.
Strain-level profiling of viable microbial community by selective single-cell genome sequencing
Authors: Hosokawa Masahito , Endoh Taruho , Kamata Kazuma , Arikawa Koji , Nishikawa Yohei , Kogawa Masato , Saeki Tatsuya , Yoda Takuya , Takeyama Haruko
Published: March 2022

Culture-independent analysis with high-throughput sequencing has been widely used to characterize bacterial communities. However, signals derived from non-viable bacteria and non-cell DNA may inhibit its characterization. Here, we present a method for viable bacteria-targeted single-cell genome sequencing, called PMA-SAG-gel, to obtain comprehensive whole-genome sequences of surviving uncultured bacteria from microbial communities. PMA-SAG-gel uses gel matrixes that enable sequential enzymatic reactions for cell lysis and genome amplification of viable single cells from the microbial communities. PMA-SAG-gel removed the single-amplified genomes (SAGs) derived from dead bacteria and enabled selective sequencing of viable bacteria in the model samples ofEscherichia coliandBacillus subtilis. Next, we demonstrated the recovery of near-complete SAGs of eight oxygen-tolerant bacteria, includingBacteroidesspp. andPhocaeicolaspp., from 1331 human feces SAGs. We found the presence of two different strains in each species and identified their specific genes to investigate the metabolic functions. The survival profile of an entire population at the strain level will provide the information for understanding the characteristics of the surviving bacteria under the specific environments or sample processing and insights for quality assessment of live bacterial products or fecal microbiota transplantation and for understanding the effect of antimicrobial treatments.
Cadmium adsorption performance and mechanism from aqueous solution using red mud modified with amorphous MnO2
Authors: Pang Yin , Zhao Cong , Li Yao , Li Qin , Bayongzhong Xiang , Peng Daoping , Huang Tao
Published: March 2022

In this study, red mud modified by manganese dioxide(MRM) was utilized as an adsorbent to effectively remove Cd2+ from aqueous solution. The characteristics were analysed by SEM–EDS, XRD, BET, FTIR and XPS. Different factors that affected the Cd2+ removal on MRM, such as dosage, initial pH, initial Cd2+ concentration, were investigated using batch adsorption experiments. Simultaneously, the adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms and adsorption thermodynamics of Cd2+ were also investigated using adsorption experiments data. The characterization results showed that MRM had a rougher, larger specific surface area and pore volume (38.91 m2 g−1, 0.02 cm3 g−1) than RM (10.22 m2 g−1, 0.73 cm3 g−1). The adsorption experiments found that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of MRM for Cd2+ was significantly increased to 46.36 mg g−1, which was almost three times that of RM. According to the fitting results, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the adsorption process better than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The Langmuir model fitted the adsorption isotherms well, indicating that the adsorption process was unimolecular layer adsorption and the maximum capacity was 103.59 mg g−1. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was heat-trapping and spontaneous. Finally, combined XPS and FTIR studies, it was speculated that the adsorption mechanisms should be electrostatic attachment, specific adsorption (i.e., Cd–O or hydroxyl binding) and ion exchange. Therefore, manganese dioxide modified red mud can be an effective and economical alternative to the removal of Cd2+ in the wastewater treatment process.
Evaluation of metallic trace elements contents in some major raw foodstuffs in Burkina Faso and health risk assessment
Authors: Bazié Bazoin Sylvain Raoul , Compaoré Muller Kiswendsida Abdou , Bandé Moumouni , Kpoda Stephane Dissinviel , Méda Naamwin-So-Bawfu Romaric , Kangambega Tebkieta Marceline Ouedraogo , Ilboudo Inoussa , Sandwidi Barkissa Yonaba , Nikiema Fulbert , Yakoro Alphonse , Bassolé Imaël Henri Nestor , Hien Hervé , Kabré Elie
Published: March 2022

Diet based on cereal, vegetables, oleaginous and dried fish are providing essential metallic elements. It can be also a source of exposure to toxic metallic elements. The aims of this study were to evaluate the contents on nine metallic trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Co, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr) in some major raw foodstuffs including rice, maize, peanut, tomato and dried fish in Burkina Faso and assess the health risk of these elements. Two hundred twenty-two samples were collected and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The health risk assessment was based on the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) model. Iron and Zinc were the elements with the highest concentrations in the investigated foodstuffs. The iron highest median value (68.80 mg/kg) was observed in dried fish followed by maize (43.09 mg/kg) and peanuts (28.92 mg/kg). Rates of 77.95%, 66.66% and 32.5% obtained respectively fro tomato, maize and rice samples were above the maximum limit of lead set by Codex Alimentarius while 47.6%, 71.16% and 0% of maize, tomato and rice samples respectively have shown concentration above the maximum limit of cadmium. Chromium had shown higher contribution rate to the maximum daily intake of 167.11%, 34%, 2% and 8.53% for rice, maize and peanut respectively. A non-cancer risk situation has been observed on rice, maize and peanut consumption. None of the index risk values was above the threshold set by USEPA.
Quality of life in patients treated with radiochemotherapy for primary diagnosis of anal cancer
Authors: Sauter Christina , Peeken Jan C. , Borm Kai , Diehl Christian , Münch Stefan , Combs Stephanie E. , Dapper Hendrik
Published: March 2022

Anal cancer and the related treatment are generally known to affect patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess self-reported quality of life (QoL) of anal cancer patients after combined radiation and chemotherapy, and to identify patient-, disease-, and therapy-related factors associated with QoL. A total of 94 patients treated with definitive chemoradiation for anal cancer at our institution in the period from 2004 to 2018 were identified from our database. QoL was assessed in the remaining 52 patients using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire (cancer-specific QoL) and the newly developed anal cancer module QLQ-ANL27 (site-specific QoL). Differences in QoL between anal cancer patients and a German age and sex adjusted reference population were examined. The median follow-up was 71 months (range, 7–176). In the cancer-specific QoL module, the anal cancer cohort presented with significantly lower scores in role (− 12.2 points), emotional (− 6.6 points), and social functioning (− 6.8 points), but higher scores in diarrhea (+ 36.3 points) and constipation (+ 13.3 points) than the German reference population. There were no significant differences in disease- or therapy-related factors, but age greater than 70 years and a follow-up time greater than 71 months had a negative impact on global QoL. As for the site-specific QoL, patients with a tumor relapse showed significantly higher symptom scores than patients with a complete clinical remission in all scales except of micturition frequency. Compared to 3D conformal radiotherapy, IMRT treatment seemed to improve non-stoma bowel function (+ 23.3 points), female sexual functioning (+ 24.2 points), and came along with less scores in the symptom scales pain (− 35.9 points), toilet proximity (− 28.6 points), and cleanliness (− 26.2 points). Most of the functional scores of anal cancer patients were lower compared to the general German population, but did not seem to affect the general QoL. Fatigue, physical, and role functioning had the strongest impact on global QoL causing psychological symptoms as important as physical.
Comment on “Cage occupancy of methane clathrate hydrates in the ternary H2O–NH3–CH4 system” by C. Petuya, M. Choukroun, T. H. Vu, A. Desmedt, A. G. Davies, and C. Sotin, Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 12391
Authors: Ripmeester John A. , Alavi Saman
Published: March 2022

Alternative interpretations of the experimental results given in the cited Communication are presented. There is evidence that under certain conditions, ammonia can be incorporated into clathrate hydrate cages.
Variational quantum eigensolver simulations with the multireference unitary coupled cluster ansatz: a case study of the C2v quasi-reaction pathway of beryllium insertion into a H2 molecule
Authors: Sugisaki Kenji , Kato Takumi , Minato Yuichiro , Okuwaki Koji , Mochizuki Yuji
Published: March 2022

Numerical simulations of the variational quantum eigensolver calculations along the quasi-reaction pathway of Be insertion into a H2 molecule revealed the importance of multireference treatments in strongly correlated systems.
Biosynthesis and bioactivities of microbial genotoxin colibactins
Authors: Tang Jian-Wei , Liu Xin , Ye Wei , Li Zhong-Rui , Qian Pei-Yuan
Published: March 2022

This review provides an update on biosynthesis and bioactivities of colibactin(s), the long-sought genotoxins produced by the pks island of Escherichia coli.
Stoichiometry–grain size-specific capacitance interrelationships in nickel oxide
Authors: Parashtekar Alhad , Bourgeois Laure , Tatiparti Sankara Sarma V.
Published: March 2022

Grain size, stoichiometry and specific capacitance in NiO are interrelated.
Triazolinedione protein modification: from an overlooked off-target effect to a tryptophan-based bioconjugation strategy
Authors: Decoene Klaas W. , Unal Kamil , Staes An , Zwaenepoel Olivier , Gettemans Jan , Gevaert Kris , Winne Johan M. , Madder Annemieke
Published: March 2022

A new strategy for selective tryptophan modification using triazolinedione (TAD) chemistry at pH 4 is shown on peptides and proteins. Additionally, off-target modification of tryptophan residues during the classical TAD-Y click reaction is uncovered.
Phosphorescent biaryl platinum(iv) complexes obtained through double metalation of dibenzoiodolium ions
Authors: López-López Juan-Carlos , Bautista Delia , González-Herrero Pablo
Published: March 2022

A novel method for the introduction of biaryl ligands under mild conditions provides access to the first neutral, tris-chelate Pt(iv) phosphorescent emitters.
Polyaniline-wrapped MnMoO4as an active catalyst for hydrogen production by electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Tamboli Mohaseen S. , Patil Supriya A. , Tamboli Asiya M. , Patil Santosh S. , Truong Nguyen Tam Nguyen , Lee Kiyoung , Praveen C. S. , Shrestha Nabeen K. , Park Chinho , Kale Bharat B.
Published: March 2022

A schematic illustration of PANI–MnMoO4synthesis for overall water splitting is demonstrated with excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability.
Highly graphited carbon-coated FeTiO3 nanosheets in situ derived from MXene: an efficient bifunctional catalyst for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Wang Yingxinjie , Zhu Jie , Jiang Yan , An Tianyun , Huang Jingbin , Jiang Minxia , Cao Minhua
Published: March 2022

Developing high-efficiency and low-cost catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great significance for the commercialization of rechargeable metal–air batteries.
A rare example of a double metamagnetic transition leading to 2D and 3D long-range order in the two-dimensional pyrazine- and azido-bridged cobalt(ii) compound [Co(pyz)(N3)2]
Authors: Setifi Zouaoui , Setifi Fatima , Benmansour Samia , Liu Xiangyu , Mague Joel T. , Gómez-García Carlos J. , Konieczny Piotr , Reedijk Jan
Published: March 2022

The two-dimensional Co(ii) compound [Co(N3)2(pyz)] has double azido(κN1,N1) and pyrazine bridges and shows a double metamagnetic transition to 2D and 3D ferromagnetic phases at 8.0 and 4.5 K with critical fields of 200 and 400 mT, respectively.
Effect of the ring size of TMC ligands in controlling C–H bond activation by metal-superoxo species
Authors: Monika  , Ansari Azaj
Published: March 2022

This work is based on deep insight into the role of the ring size of ligands during C–H bond activation. Our findings can help design catalysts with better catalytic reactions.
Synthesis of core–shell magnetic metal organic framework composite for the efficient removal of uranium(vi)
Authors: Peng Ying , Zhang Xiaowen , Wu Xiaoyan , Li Mi , Zhang Yu , Zhou Chaochao , Hua Yilong
Published: March 2022

Fe3O4@SiO2@UiO-66 exhibits excellent adsorption capacity of uranium(vi) and easy separation.
Encapsulation of BiOCl nanoparticles in N-doped carbon nanotubes as a highly efficient anode for potassium ion batteries
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Li Hao , Feng Chuanqi , Ma Quanwei , Zhang Longhai , Wang Rui , Liu Jianwen , Zhang Shilin , Zhou Tengfei , Guo Zaiping , Zhang Chaofeng
Published: March 2022

A composite made up of BiOCl nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes (BiOCl@N-CNTs) demonstrates ideal K ion storage properties owing to its outstanding composition and structural design.
The stereoselective conversion of epimerized alkoxyl phosphine–borane to P,C, axial-stereogenic tertiary phosphine via cleavage of P–O bond
Authors: Zhai De-Hua , Yan Bing-Xia , Li Zhan-Cai , Lin Zhu , Li Qiang , Wang Yan-Lan , Zheng Hong-Xing , Zhao Chang-Qiu
Published: March 2022

The epimerized alkoxyl phosphine–borane was converted to P-anions in 86 : 14 dr, and further to tertiary phosphine in 96 : 4 dr when alkylated, and was used for preparation of multi-stereogenic tertiary phosphines.
Reduced coefficient of linear thermal expansion for colorless and transparent polyimide by introducing rigid-rod amide units: synthesis and properties
Authors: Zuo Hongtao , Qian Guangtao , Li Hai-Bei , Gan Feng , Fang Yuting , Li Xiuting , Dong Jie , Zhao Xin , Zhang Qinghua
Published: March 2022

Polyimide films with high optical transparency and dimensional stability and low linear thermal expansion were synthesized by introducing rigid-rod amide units.
TMSOTf-mediated Kröhnke pyridine synthesis using HMDS as the nitrogen source under microwave irradiation
Authors: Chan Chieh-Kai , Chung Yi-Hsiu , Wang Cheng-Chung
Published: March 2022

A Kröhnke pyridine synthetic route towards functionalized TAPs and 3-benzyl TAPs has been established using TMSOTf/HMDS under microwave irradiation conditions.
Identification of novel furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine based chalcones as potent anti-breast cancer agents: synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation
Authors: Mansour Mai A. , Oraby Mamdouh A. , Muhammad Zeinab A. , Lasheen Deena S. , Gaber Hatem M. , Abouzid Khaled A. M.
Published: March 2022

Various substituted synthetic chalcones demonstrated potent anti-cancer activities.
Insight into the exemplary structural, elastic, electronic and optical nature of GaBeCl3and InBeCl3: a DFT study
Authors: Shah Saima Ahmad , Husain Mudasser , Rahman Nasir , Sohail Mohammad , Khan Rajwali , Khan Abid Ali , Ullah Asad , Abdelmohsen Shaimaa A. M. , Abdelbacki Ashraf M. M. , El-Sabrout Ahmed M. , Elansary Hosam O. , Khan Aurangzeb
Published: March 2022

In the scheme of density functional theory (DFT), Structural, elastic, electronic, and optical properties calculations of GaBeCl3and InBeCl3are carried out using Tran–Blaha modified Becke–Johnson exchange potential approximation (TB-mBJ) installed in Wein2k software.
Concentration-dependent HAT/ET mechanism of the reaction of phenols with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph˙) in methanol
Authors: Przybylski Paweł , Konopko Adrian , Łętowski Piotr , Jodko-Piórecka Katarzyna , Litwinienko Grzegorz
Published: March 2022

Concentration dependent contribution of hydrogen atom transfer and electron transfer to the overall kinetics of reaction of phenols with a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical in methanol.
Correction: An advanced three-dimensionally ordered macroporous NiCo2O4 spinel as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Béjar José , Álvarez-Contreras Lorena , Ledesma-García Janet , Arjona Noé , Arriaga Luis Gerardo
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘An advanced three-dimensionally ordered macroporous NiCo2O4 spinel as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries’ by José Béjar et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 8554–8565, DOI: 10.1039/D0TA00874E.
A quasi-2D perovskite antireflection coating to boost the performance of multilayered PdTe2/Ge heterostructure-based near-infrared photodetectors
Authors: Chen Huahan , Xie Chao , Zhong Xianpeng , Liang Yi , Yang Wenhua , Wu Chunyan , Luo Linbao
Published: March 2022

A quasi-2D perovskite film can function well as an antireflection coating to greatly boost the performance of a multilayered PdTe2/Ge heterostructure-based near-infrared photodetector.
Visual Processing Impairment in Children With Suspected Auditory Processing Disorder: A Transdisciplinary Dimensional Approach to Diagnosis
Authors: Ahmmed Ansar U. , Asif Aysha , Winterburn Samantha
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to explore the utility of impairment(s) in language (LI), manual dexterity (IMD), and visual perceptual skills (IVPS) as a reference standard for diagnosing auditory processing disorder (APD).

Method:

Data from 104 participants with suspected APD (males = 57, females = 47; 6–16 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Index auditory processing (AP) tests included Auditory Figure Ground 0 dB, Competing Words–Directed Ear (CW-DE), and Time-Compressed Sentences (TCS). General Communication Composite (GCC) of the Children's Communication Checklist–2, manual dexterity (MD) component of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–Second Edition, and Test for Visual Perceptual Skills–Third Edition (TVPS-3) were used to identify LI, IMD, and IVPS, respectively.

Results:

Eighty-one (77.8%), 58 (55.8%), and 37 (35.6%) participants had LI, IVPS, and IMD, respectively. Four factors explaining 67.69% of the variance were extracted. TVPS-3 (except visual closure [VClo]) represented the first; AFG 0, VClo, and MD the second; CW-DE and GCC the third; and TCS the fourth. APD diagnosed by combining AP tests and comorbidities had better accuracy compared to AP tests alone. The combined approach had overall diagnostic accuracy of 92.2%, 88.4%, and 81.7% for the 9th, 5th, and 2nd percentile AP test cutoffs, respectively.

Conclusions:

First-order AP tests in this study were related to language, MD, and visual perceptual skills. Given the overlap of LI, IMD, and IVPS with impaired AP, these comorbidities are an effective reference standard for APD. APD can be diagnosed following failing one AP test if one or more comorbidities exist. Ninth percentile AP test cutoff had better diagnostic accuracy compared to the currently used 2nd percentile cutoff.
Characterization of low surface brightness structures in annotated deep images
Authors: Sola Elisabeth , Duc Pierre-Alain , Richards Felix , Paiement Adeline , Urbano Mathias , Klehammer Julie , Bílek Michal , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Gwyn Stephen , McConnachie Alan
Published: March 2022

Context. The identification and characterization of low surface brightness (LSB) stellar structures around galaxies such as tidal debris of ongoing or past collisions is essential to constrain models of galactic evolution. So far most efforts have focused on the numerical census of samples of varying sizes, either through visual inspection or more recently with deep learning. Detailed analyses including photometry have been carried out for a small number of objects, essentially because of the lack of convenient tools able to precisely characterize tidal structures around large samples of galaxies.

Aims. Our goal is to characterize in detail, and in particular obtain quantitative measurements, of LSB structures identified in deep images of samples consisting of hundreds of galaxies.

Methods. We developed an online annotation tool that enables contributors to delineate the shapes of diffuse extended stellar structures with precision, as well as artifacts or foreground structures. All parameters are automatically stored in a database which may be queried to retrieve quantitative measurements. We annotated LSB structures around 352 nearby massive galaxies with deep images obtained with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope as part of two large programs: Mass Assembly of early-Type GaLAxies with their fine Structures and Ultraviolet Near Infrared Optical Northern Survey/Canada-France Imaging Survey. Each LSB structure was delineated and labeled according to its likely nature: stellar shells, streams associated with a disrupted satellite, tails that formed in major mergers, ghost reflections, or cirrus.

Results. From our database containing 8441 annotations, the area, size, median surface brightness, and distance to the host of 228 structures were computed. The results confirm the fact that tidal structures defined as streams are thinner than tails, as expected by numerical simulations. In addition, tidal tails appear to exhibit a higher surface brightness than streams (by about 1 mag), which may be related to different survival times for the two types of collisional debris. We did not detect any tidal feature fainter than 27.5 magarcsec−2, while the nominal surface brightness limits of our surveys range between 28.3 and 29 magarcsec−2, a difference that needs to be taken into account when estimating the sensitivity of future surveys to identify LSB structures.

Conclusions. We compiled an annotation database of observed LSB structures around nearby massive galaxies including tidal features that may be used for quantitative analysis and as a training set for machine learning algorithms.
Radio properties of the OH megamaser galaxy IIZw 096
Authors: Wu Hong , Wu Zhongzu , Sotnikova Yu. , Chen Yongjun , Zhang Bo , Mufakharov T. , Shen Zhiqiang , Chen Xi , Mikhailov A. , Mingaliev M. , Han Xianming L. , Misra Prabhakar
Published: March 2022

Based on the two-epoch European Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network (EVN) archive data from OH line observations of IIZw 096, we confirm that the high-resolution OH emission in this source mainly comes from two spots (OH1 and OH2) of component (comp) D1 of this merging system. We found no significant variations in the OH 1667 MHz line emission, including flux densities and peak positions. The OH 1665 MHz line emission is detected at about the 6σ level in the OH1 region by combining two epochs of EVN observations. By using archival data from the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), Very Large Array (VLA), and Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations, we investigated the properties of the environment of this component through H I, CO(3-2), and HCO+(4-3) lines and the multi-band radio continuum emission. We found that the comp D1 shows the brightest CO, HCO+ line emission, as well as multi-band radio continuum emission. The environment around D1 shows no clear velocity structure associated with circular motions, making it different from most other OH megamasers (OHMs) in the literature, which might have been caused by an effect during the merger stage. Meanwhile, we found that the CO emission shows three velocity structures around D1, including the central broad full width at half maximum (FWHM) region, the double-peak region where the CO line profile shows two separated peaks, and the region of the high-velocity clouds where the CO line peaks at a high velocity (∼11 000 km s−1). Similarly, H Iobservations in absorption also show high-velocity clouds around the D1 region, which might be due to inflows caused by the merging of two or more galaxy components. Based on the high-resolution K-band VLA and L-band VLBA observations of the radio continuum emission, we derived the brightness temperature in the range 105 K–106 K, which is consistent with other starburst dominant OHM sources in the literature. The multi-band VLA observations show that the radio continuum emission of comp D might also have contributions from free-free emission in addition to synchrotron emission. As a consequence, these results support a starburst origin for the OHMs, without the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN).
Subklinische Hypothyreose
Authors: Ruderich Franz , Feldkamp Joachim
Published: March 2022

Was ist neu?

Definition und Epidemiologie Die subklinische Hypothyreose ist in der Regel eine Labordiagnose ohne signifikante Symptomatik und definiert durch ein erhöhtes TSH bei normalen Werten für freies T3 und freies T4. Bei Laborkontrollen nach 2–3 Monaten findet sich in 50 % der Fälle eine spontane Normalisierung.

Klinische Bedeutung der subklinischen Hypothyreose Bei persistierend erhöhten TSH-Werten ist die subklinische Hypothyreose mit dem Nachweis von schilddrüsenspezifischen Antikörpern im Sinne einer Autoimmunthyreoiditis assoziiert. Im Alter finden sich physiologisch höhere TSH-Spiegel. Es ist deshalb davon auszugehen, dass die Diagnose einer subklinischen Hypothyreose bei älteren Menschen über 70 Jahre zu häufig gestellt und therapiert wird.

Therapie der subklinischen Hypothyreose Studien konnten bisher keinen positiven Effekt einer Substitutionstherapie der subklinischen Hypothyreose zeigen, insbesondere nicht bei älteren Patienten. Andererseits besteht das nicht unerhebliche Risiko einer Übertherapie mit der Entwicklung einer subklinischen Hyperthyreose. Deren negative Folgen in Form von Vorhofflimmern und Osteoporose beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität und -dauer. Bei der Indikationsstellung zur Substitutionstherapie einer subklinischen Hypothyreose sollte deshalb zurückhaltend vorgegangen werden.

Subklinische Hypothyreose in der Schwangerschaft Eine Gruppe, bei der Diagnostik und Therapie besondere Sensibilität erfordern, sind schwangere Frauen. Hier müssen mit Mutter und Kind 2 Individuen behandelt werden. Dabei sind veränderliche Zielwerte und Dosierungen bezogen auf das Schwangerschaftsalter zu berücksichtigen.
Direct Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives from Alkynoic Esters via Dual Organocatalysis
Authors: Luanphaisarnnont Torsak , Saejong Peerawat , Somprasong Siriphong , Rujirasereesakul Chaiwat
Published: March 2022

An efficient synthetic method for coumarin derivatives was developed using a dual organocatalytic reaction. A combination of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and piperidine was found to efficiently catalyze the cyclization between salicylaldehydes and alkynoic esters to give various coumarin derivatives in good yield and high selectivity. Mechanistic and kinetic data suggested that the conjugate addition between piperidine and alkynoic esters played a crucial role in the reaction mechanism.
Assessment of Baseline Nutritional Status, Vitamin B12, and Folate Levels in Patients with Acute Leukemia and Their Effect on Initial Treatment Outcome: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Maurya Shweta , Tripathi Anil Kumar , Verma Shailendra Prasad , Ali Wahid , Shukla Saurabh
Published: March 2022

Introduction Poor nutrition is a common finding in patients with acute leukemia, affecting disease progression, treatment outcome, and survival. Overall nutritional status and micronutrients status evaluation may be an important step in management of acute leukemia.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate baseline nutritional status, vitamin B12, and folate levels in patients with acute leukemia at the time of admission before starting chemotherapy and their initial treatment outcome.

Materials and Methods This was a prospective observational study. We assessed the pretreatment nutritional status of 73 patients by body mass index (BMI), serum vitamin B12 using a two-step chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, and serum folate using electrochemiluminescence by Cobas e411 analyzer before initiation of induction chemotherapy and evaluated for treatment response at the end of induction chemotherapy.

Results Out of a total of 73 patients, 51 (69.8%) completed induction chemotherapy, 36 (49.3%) showed complete remission, and 15 (20.5%) were in incomplete remission. Of the remaining 22 (30.1%) patients, 11 (15.1%) died due to toxicity during therapy. The mean values of baseline BMI, serum vitamin B12, and folate was 20.46 kg/m2, 956.04, and 13.52 ng/mL, respectively. There was no significant association between vitamin B12 (p-value = 0.609) and folate (p-value = 0.404) deficiency and the response to treatment.

Conclusion Baseline nutritional status, serum vitamin B12, and folate levels have no significant role in induction outcome in response to treatment, including mortality in patients with acute leukemia.
JAK2V617F Is a Risk Factor for TIA/Stroke in Young Patients
Authors: Shapira Cohen Tamar , Chodick Gabriel , Steinberg David M. , Grossman Ehud , Shohat Mordechai , Salomon Ophira
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to assess the risk of arterial thrombosis in patients who harbor the JAK2V617F allele burden ≥1% detected during workup for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). We conducted a large cross-sectional analysis consisted of 5,220 patients who were tested for JAK2V617F and 1,047,258 people matched in age from health care insurance provider, taking into account age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation. Compared with noncarriers, mutation carriers were older, less likely to be current or past smokers and had lower body mass index. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease. However, JAK2V617F ≥1% at age 34 to 54 years was associated with eightfold more likely to have transient ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke history unrelated to hypertension, diabetes, or atrial fibrillation. Association of JAK2V617F with TIA/stroke was also observed in the older age group, albeit a weaker association and not statistically significant. Prevalence of TIA/stroke was higher in patients with JAK2V617F negative, with odds ratio of 3.93 when compared with the general population after confounder adjustments. Further research is warranted to verify the relation between allele burden of JAK2V617F mutation and TIA/stroke and the role of JAK2V617F per se as a risk factor for arterial thrombosis in the absence of overt MPN. Also, consideration should be paid to the screened group with JAK2V617F negative due to the high incidence of TIA/stroke among them in comparison to the general population.
Discharge dynamics of primary and secondary streamers in a repetitively pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Peng Bangfa , Jiang Nan , Liu Zhengyan , Yao Xiaomei , Li Jie , Wu Yan
Published: March 2022

Discharge dynamics of primary and secondary streamers in a repetitively pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) are investigated based on experimental and numerical simulations. Plasma propagation and coupled energy of the primary streamer are restricted in subsequent pulses, but the deposited energy of the secondary streamer increases. When the pulse repetition frequency reduces, a longer plasma length and higher average velocity of the primary streamer can be observed, but the influences on propagation length and velocity of the secondary streamer are very limited. These phenomena indicate that the residual surface charges left by the previous pulse should have a critical effect on the discharge dynamics of subsequent discharges. In order to have a deeper insight into the influence of residual surface charges in a repetitively pulsed SDBD, a numerical model characterized with a pre-charging of homogeneous charge accumulated on the dielectric surface is built. Pre-charging of positive charges deposited on the dielectric surface can inhibit the electric field of applied voltage, resulting in a decrease in the expansion of the primary streamer and the positive peak of current, which is in qualitative agreement with the experimental measurements. However, there is an opposite evolution rule when the negative charges are deposited on the dielectric surface. Although the electric field strength of the secondary streamer is enhanced for a high pre-charging value, there is no great impact on the negative peak of current during the secondary streamer due to the remaining heavy mass ions.
Effect of oxygen incorporation on dynamic magnetic properties in Ta-O/Co-Fe-B bilayer films under out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic fields
Authors: Nguyen T. V. A. , Saito Y. , Naganuma H. , Ikeda S. , Endoh T. , Endo Y.
Published: March 2022

Dynamic magnetic properties of Ta-O/Co20Fe60B20 bilayer films are strongly influenced by the oxidation condition of the Ta-O layer. The oxidation of the Ta-O layer by a slight amount of oxygen with a pressure (POxygen) of 0.03 Pa decreases in-plane damping constant (αIP), and increases the effective magnetization (4πMs,eff). Then, both αIP and 4πMs,eff maintain their values by increasing POxygen up to 0.3 Pa. The out-of-plane damping constant (αOP) showed a similar tendency to that of αIP against POxygen, although αOP is much smaller than αIP in every POxygen. αOP reaches to 0.0033 for sample oxidized at 0.03 Pa. It was suggested that αIP consists of both the intrinsic damping and the extrinsic damping, while αOP is closer to the intrinsic damping. The control of αOP and αIP by the oxidation would be beneficial in designing the high frequency spintronic devices.
Laser induced spin injection to [GeTe/Sb2Te3] superlattice through a TbFeCo film
Authors: Sumi Satoshi , Awano Hiroyuki , Tominaga Junji
Published: March 2022

A [GeTe/Sb2Te3] superlattice is known as a topological insulator and it shows magnetic responses such as magneto-optical effect although it does not contain any magnetic element. We reported the superlattice has topologically protected spin diffusion length more than 100 μm at room temperature. In this paper, we show a laser induced spin injection to the superlattice using a TbFeCo film. We got spin injection signals between the TbFeCo and the Pt bars through the superlattice without electric current. The signals showed the maximum value of 0.06 μV around laser power of 1.0 mW which was focused to a spot diameter of 0.7 μm. The laser induced spin injection method will be one of the useful methods for future low-energy spintronics devices.
Evaluation of the magnetization dynamics in various thick YIG films using our proposed measurement technique
Authors: Van Anh Nguyen Thi , Endo Yasushi
Published: March 2022

This paper describes the evaluation of magnetization dynamics in YIG polycrystalline films with various thicknesses using our proposed measurement technique. The saturation magnetostriction (λs) are approximately less than −1.0×10−6 regardless of the film thickness and are lower than that of bulk polycrystalline YIG, which might be attributed to the structural and/or magnetic inhomogeneities. On the other hand, the in-plane effective damping constant (αeff) decreases approximately from 0.00384±0.00029 to 0.00316±0.00013 with the increase of film thickness, and their values are much higher than those of nano-meter thick and micro-meter thick YIG films deposited on GGG substrates. The reason for this difference may be that the extrinsic damping originating from the magnetic inhomogeneities are enhanced in the film plane. In addition, αeff slightly increases as λs decreases. This tendency is opposite to those of Ni-Fe and Fe-Si polycrystalline films, and the correlation between αeff and λs does not appear. Therefore, these results suggest that magnetic inhomogeneities are mainly influenced to both αeff and λs in the film plane.
Magnetic characterization of self-assembled nanostructures in cobalt ferrites using first-order reversal curve (FORC) analysis
Authors: Suraj M. V. , Talaat A. , Dodrill B. C. , Wang Y. , Lee J. K. , Ohodnicki P. R.
Published: March 2022

Magnetic ceramics are important for numerous technologically relevant applications with a detailed understanding of structure, property, and processing inter-relationships playing a critical role in tailoring magnetic properties. Spinel ferrites are a particularly interesting class of magnetic ceramics of chemical formula AB2O4, with applications including biomedical hyperthermia and high frequency electrical power conversion. In this contribution, we seek to investigate a unique class of Co-ferrites in which spinodal decomposition can produce a ferrite nanocomposite with chemistry and stress state fluctuating within the interior of crystalline grains on the nm-scale, resulting in corresponding fluctuations of intrinsic magnetic properties as well as exchange and magnetostatic interactions. Structural and magnetic characterization of spinel ferrite samples are carried out (1) in the as-milled state prior to thermal processing, (2) after chemical and structural homogenization with a thermal calcination step, and (3) in the spinodal decomposed state following a subsequent annealing treatment within the Co-ferrite miscibility gap. Of note is the formation of a wasp-waisted hysteresis loop which emerges for the spinodal decomposed Co-ferrite sample, indicative of more complex magnetization reversal processes at relatively large applied fields than for homogeneous Co-ferrite samples of similar particle size and identical nominal chemistry. First order reversal curve (FORC) analysis is applied to further characterize the magnetization response, and a conventional interpretation of observed features in the FORC contrast is presented to discuss potential dominant magnetization mechanisms. The work described here represents the first application of FORC to spinodal decomposed magnetic ceramics and provides a strong foundation for future investigations seeking to quantitatively describe the impacts of nm-scale chemical, structural, and magnetic fluctuations on magnetization processes in ferrite spinel nanocomposite systems.
Inhibitor mixture for reducing bacteria growth and corrosion on marine steel
Authors: Catubig Rainier A. , Michalczyk Agnes , Neil Wayne C. , McAdam Grant , Forsyth John , Ghorbani Mahdi , Yunis Ruhamah , Ackland M. Leigh , Forsyth Maria , Somers Anthony E.
Published: March 2022

High strength steel in marine environments suffers from severe corrosion susceptibility and the presence of bacteria can exacerbate the effect, accelerating degradation via microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Here we propose a novel approach to MIC inhibition by designing a system capable of limiting the effects of both bacterial growth and corrosion. The combination of a newly synthesised compound, cetrimonium 4-hydroxycinnamate (Cet-4OHCin), with lanthanum 4-hydroxycinnamate was the only system tested to date that could both inhibit abiotic corrosion in artificial seawater and minimise bacteria consortium densities over an exposure period of 24 h. This success was proposed to be due to them having the same anion, making them stable when mixed in the solution of the test environment. Furthermore, we confirmed from cytotoxicity testing that Cet-4OHCin demonstrated similarly limited toxicity towards human cells as the commercially available cetrimonium bromide, a known safe additive to cosmetic products. This new system shows promise as a safe and effective multifunctional inhibitor mixture to reduce the effects of MIC.