bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Faculty Orientation for Nurse Educators: Offerings and Needs
Authors: Cox Catherine Wilson , Jordan Elizabeth T. , Valiga Theresa M. , Zhou Qiuping
Published: May 2021

Background:

The purpose of this study was to identify the common elements for new faculty orientation (NFO) programs and then replicate two previous studies regarding NFO offerings and needs.

Method:

Using a descriptive survey research design, a 40-item survey was developed based on Morin and colleagues' surveys and disseminated via the Qualtrics platform. The survey addressed nurse faculty orientation offerings and needs.

Results:

Some form of orientation was offered to 61% of the respondents. Only 14% identified a person responsible for orienting new faculty to their nursing program, 15% said no one person was accountable, and 69% reported they did not know who was responsible. The top three categories to be included in an orientation program were educational environment, academic environment, and social milieu.

Conclusion:

NFO programs attended by nursing faculty may not be as comprehensive or effective as they could be.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(5):273–276.]
Optimal Asset Management Contracts With Hidden Savings
Authors: Di Tella Sebastian , Sannikov Yuliy
Published: May 2021

We characterize optimal asset management contracts in a classic portfolio‐investment setting. When the agent has access to hidden savings, his incentives to misbehave depend on his precautionary saving motive. The contract dynamically distorts the agent's access to capital to manipulate his precautionary saving motive and reduce incentives for misbehavior. We provide a sufficient condition for the validity of the first‐order approach, which holds in the optimal contract: global incentive compatibility is ensured if the agent's precautionary saving motive weakens after bad outcomes. We extend our results to incorporate market risk, hidden investment, and renegotiation.
Optimal Auction Design With Common Values: An Informationally Robust Approach
Authors: Brooks Benjamin , Du Songzi
Published: May 2021

A profit‐maximizing seller has a single unit of a good to sell. The bidders have a pure common value that is drawn from a distribution that is commonly known. The seller does not know the bidders' beliefs about the value and thinks that beliefs are designed adversarially by Nature to minimize profit. We construct a
strong maxmin solution to this joint mechanism design and information design problem, consisting of a mechanism, an information structure, and an equilibrium, such that neither the seller nor Nature can move profit in their respective preferred directions, even if the deviator can select the new equilibrium. The mechanism and information structure solve a family of maxmin mechanism design and minmax information design problems, regardless of how an equilibrium is selected. The maxmin mechanism takes the form of a
proportional auction: each bidder submits a one‐dimensional bid, the aggregate allocation and aggregate payment depend on the aggregate bid, and individual allocations and payments are proportional to bids. We report a number of additional properties of the maxmin mechanisms, including what happens as the number of bidders grows large and robustness with respect to the prior over the value.
Aggregate Dynamics in Lumpy Economies
Authors: Baley Isaac , Blanco Andrés
Published: May 2021

How does an economy's capital respond to aggregate productivity shocks when firms make lumpy investments? We show that capital's transitional dynamics are structurally linked to two steady‐state moments: the dispersion of capital to productivity ratios—an indicator of capital misallocation—and the covariance of capital to productivity ratios with the time elapsed since their last adjustment—an indicator of asymmetric costs of upsizing and downsizing the capital stock. We compute these two sufficient statistics using data on the size and frequency of investment of Chilean plants. The empirical values indicate significant effects of aggregate productivity shocks and favor investment models with a strong downsizing rigidity and random opportunities for free adjustments.
The implementation of stabilization policy
Authors: Loisel Olivier
Published: May 2021

In locally linearized dynamic stochastic rational‐expectations models, I introduce the concepts of
feasible paths (paths on which the policy instrument can be expressed as a function of the policymaker's observation set) and
implementable paths (paths that can be obtained, in a minimally robust way, as the unique local equilibrium under a policy‐instrument rule consistent with the policymaker's observation set). I show that, for relevant observation sets, the optimal feasible path under monetary policy can be non‐implementable in the new Keynesian model, while constant‐debt feasible paths under tax policy are always implementable in the real business cycle model. The first result sounds a note of caution about one of the main lessons of the new Keynesian literature, namely the importance for central banks to track some key unobserved exogenous rates of interest, while the second result restores to some extent the role of income or labor‐income taxes in safely stabilizing public debt. For any given implementable path, I show how to design arithmetically a policy‐instrument rule consistent with the policymaker's observation set and implementing this path as the robustly unique local equilibrium.
Constrained preference elicitation
Authors: Azrieli Yaron , Chambers Christopher P. , Healy Paul J.
Published: May 2021

A planner wants to elicit information about an agent's preference relation, but not the entire ordering. Specifically, preferences are grouped into “types,” and the planner wants only to elicit the agent's type. We first assume that beliefs about randomization are subjective, and show that a space of types is elicitable if and only if each type is defined by what the agent would choose from some list of menus. If beliefs are objective, then additional type spaces can be elicited, though a convexity condition must be satisfied. These results remain unchanged when we consider a setting with multiple agents.
Sofokles: življenje in delo, zbrano v samo sedmih dramah
Authors: Gatalica Aleksandar
Published: May 2021

Sofokles je bil antični Shakespeare. Ni le vez med starim in novim grškim gledališčem, ampak je z jasnostjo svojega sloga, natančnostjo pesnjenja in popolnoma izčiščeno tragedijo dolga stoletja predstavljal zgled pisatelja za stare Grke in njihove dediče. Kljub temu se je ohranilo skoraj trikrat manj Sofoklovih tragedij kot Evripidovih. Zakaj? Tekstološka analiza pokaže eno od potencialnih razlag: ker je bil Sofokles kanoniziran, so njegove drame v rokopisih hranili le na majhnem številu posebnih mest. Danes je ohranjenih sedem Sofoklovih del in obsežni fragmenti ene satirske igre, ki so mu pripisani z zelo veliko mero gotovosti. Antigona sodi med tiste drame, ki so stoletja veljale za hrbtenico razumevanja Sofokla. Manj znano je dejstvo, da v Sofoklejevi zadnji pisani drami, Ojdipu v Kolonu, srečamo nekakšno proto-Antigono.
O veličini in dostojanstvu žrtve: antropološki nauk Sofoklove Antigone
Authors: Gudović Milosav
Published: May 2021

Članek je posvečen tolmačenju izbranih antropoloških vidikov Sofoklove tragedije Antigona. Avtor na podlagi začetnih verzov prve stajanke zbora tebanskih starcev interpretira pomenski splet izraza to deinón in superlativnega to deinótaton, v katerem Sofokles zgosti svoj nauk o človeku. Članek nadalje tematizira antagonistično držo naslovne junakinje, njen upor proti vladarskemu ukazu oziroma prepovedi pogreba sovražnika Polinejka. Antigona se kljub temu ukazu odloči za skrivni pokop brata in s tem stopi v obrambo sakralnega reda pred samovoljo tirana. Avtor v članku zagovarja stališče, da sta Antigonin prepovedani pokop Polinejka in samožrtvena smrt paradigma tragičnega herojstva in Sofoklovega razumevanja antropološke veličine in nenasilne sile. V drugem delu članka avtor obravnava temeljno nasprotje med sovraštvom in bratstvom kot notranji antagonizem, ki vzgibava celoto dramskega dogajanja v Antigoni. Odločitev za bratstvo, proti sovraštvu, se kaže kot prva poklicanost človeka in prvorazredni etično-antropološki kažipot.
Ritem in metrum
Authors: Snoj Vid
Published: May 2021

Članek izhaja iz grškega razumevanja pesništva, ki je postalo norma v antiki in to ostalo tudi globoko v poantične čase. V skladu s tem razumevanjem je pesnjenje umerjanje oziroma spravljanje besed v mero (gr. métron) in pesništvo umetnost metričnega vezanja govora ter s tem tvorjenja verzov, tj. verzifikacije. Zdi se, da je ritem v grško-rimskem pesništvu zajet v mero, ki je bila kvantitativna mera, trajanje zlogov. Vendar se je že v antični metriki začel ločevati od metra, čeprav mu je kot sistemski strukturi hkrati ostajal podrejen. Ko pa je razlika med dolgimi in kratkimi zlogi, na kateri je temeljil kvantitativni verzifikacijski sistem, v pozni antiki postala neslišna, se je začelo osvobajanje od metra v znamenju ritma. »Ritem« je v srednjem veku opisoval ustroj pesmi v ljudskih jezikih poantične Evrope in se v renesansi uveljavil kot prvotna oznaka za silabični verzifikacijski sistem. Toda posnemanje metra se je v evropskem pesništvu nadaljevalo in demetrizacija izmenjavala z remetrizacijo. Zato moderna verzologija ponazarja razvoj evropske verzifikacije z gibanjem morskih valov, ki ni enakomerno kakor v naravi: metrum je v upadu in v naraščanju ves čas ritem. V podobi, ki jo naslika, dokončno osvoboditev ritma od metra predstavlja prosti verz. Kljub temu pa se članek na koncu vrne na začetek z opozorilom, da rhythmós prvotno ni meril na nič slišnega, ampak na zvečine vidno hipno obliko nečesa neobstojnega. Na tej podlagi nazadnje tudi poskuša opredeliti, kaj je pesniški ritem.
The Ideas of Dangerous Education: Modification of the Pedagogical Novel in Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and “The Gemini” by Taras Shevchenko
Authors: Chyk Denys , Semehyn Tetiana
Published: May 2021

The article deals with usage of the pedagogical genre in the novels Oliver Twist by Victorian writer Charles Dickens and the story “The Gemini” by Ukrainian writer Taras Shevchenko. It demonstrates that in the novel Oliver Twist by Dickens and the story “The Gemini” by Shevchenko there are some distinct genre features of the pedagogical novel: in both works, one can observe the development of authors’ experiments—the main heroes are placed in specific pedagogical circumstances. Unlike Shevchenko, Dickens promotes the idea of “noble” heredity, which is important for further formation of personality with high moral and ethical principles of the character that is able to resist the negative impact. Despite the external similarities with biblical motifs and themes, the plot of the novels is based on archaic components: the motif of the amazing rescue of the infant and dual organization of the myth about brothers (twins), where the first represents consistency of Good and the other Evil. In both works, antagonists are infantile individuals who revolt against their loving mothers. The writers construct images of wise mentors without whom ideal characters would not form successfully.
Poigravanje s kanonom v Ensel und Krete Walterja Moersa
Authors: Gabrič Ajda
Published: May 2021

Nemški pisatelj Walter Moers se v delu Ensel und Krete (Ensel in Krete) z literarnim kanonom poigrava na dva glavna načina: po eni strani z medbesedilnim navezovanjem na starejša besedila, po drugi pa z ironičnim parodiranjem podobe kanoniziranega pesnika kot osebnosti. Članek se pri obravnavi medbesedilnih navezav, ki so značilne za roman, sklicuje na Genettovo teorijo intertekstualnosti in identificira glavna dela, na katera se besedilo navezuje. Predloga, na kateri temelji Ensel und Krete, je Grimmova pravljica Janko in Metka, ki pa služi le kot podlaga za glavno dogajanje. To je predrugačeno tako, da se samonanašalno poigrava z literarnimi konvencijami ter citira in aludira na druga dela nemške in svetovne književnosti. Drugi glavni element poigravanja z literarnim kanonom je poigravanje s podobo umetnika. Pri analizi le-te se prispevek opira na Dovićev model kanonizacije in oriše reprezentacijo fiktivnega avtorja romana, ki predstavlja ironičen odsev klasičnega pesnika. Ta naj bi svojemu bralstvu skozi dela posredoval estetske vrednote ter predstavljal temelj za kult, ki naj bi združeval skupnost. Pri Moersu je fiktivni avtor predstavljen kot arogantna, samovšečna oseba, njegovo kulturno delovanje pa kot banalno. Tako medbesedilno sklicevanje kot poigravanje s podobo pisatelja sta podlaga za ironični humor, ki prežema besedilo.
The Communication and Translation of Data and Analytics-Driven Insights
Authors: Heath Brian
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores and develops a framework to more effectively develop and utilize data and analytics-driven insights within a business. The key components of the framework are first derived from how the business, the analyst, and the computer communicate with each other. This results in clear distinctions between the language of the business and the language of the computer that positions the analyst within a conceptual chiasm. This positioning means that the analyst must first and foremost play the role of translator. The implications of this positioning within the framework arguably creates a more consistent conceptual model with more explanatory power than is typically found in popular business blogs and articles on the topic. As a result, potential strategies are developed from the framework to enable more successful data and analytics efforts, hiring practices, and communication strategies.
Recognizing the Inequalities in Remote Learning Education
Authors: Tucker-White Deanne J.
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the instructional approach in K-12 and institutions of higher education to be almost solely online. The challenges for schools at the beginning of the pandemic were immense. Schools faced issues such as not having a plan for families to access WiFi, students not having one-to-one devices at home, parents working at home without anyone to help students log in, special education population/disabled students unable to acquire adequate learning services, and students in poverty or experiencing homelessness who were helpless to quarantine and did not know where their next meal would come from. The closing of school doors exacerbated the historical and pervasive educational inequities and generational implications within marginalized communities. Given the tense relationships and not-great experiences with an education that many marginalized families have had, remote learning progression was a rocky one.
A Roadmap for Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of Virtual Practicums in Teacher Education
Authors: Gallup Jennifer L. , Ray Beverly , Bennett Cory A.
Published: May 2021

Education for students in the P-12 setting has been subject to significant changes due to access to the internet and online education availability and most recently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) pandemic; therefore, teacher preparation must meet the demands of this new reality through efficacious preparation programs that reflect this reality. Teachers must meet students' unique needs across virtual platforms, which requires mentoring, practice, and training. Today, there are very few programs that prepare teachers to work in an online P-12 setting. Additionally, there is limited research on how to supervise pre-service teachers in an online setting; therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to present a theoretical framework for virtual observations of a pre-service teacher learning to teach in an online P-12 setting. Along with recommendations for partnership development, implementation, and evaluation, a protocol is offered, and recommendations for future research and conclusions are offered.
Online Education in India and the Widening Digital Divide
Authors: Ware Ninawari Dilip
Published: May 2021

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, several sectors across the globe have witnessed widespread disruption, impacting almost every sector of the economy. The education sector is no exception to this; schools across the globe have been shut, and over 1.2 billion children are out of classrooms. Owing to this situation, India's schools have adopted online teaching-learning for children, like many other countries. According to the 75th NSS data of household consumption on India's education, only 10.7% of the total population have computers and other gadgets, and 23.8% have access internet. Based on the data, the feasibility of adopting a complete online education model in a country like India remains uncertain and remote. This chapter aims to study the intricacies of India's digital divide and further suggests inclusive alternative measures to overcome the same.
Education in Emergencies, Inequities, and the Digital Divide
Authors: Shohel M. Mahruf C. , Ashrafuzzaman Md. , Ahsan Muhammad Shajjad , Mahmud Arif , Alam Atm Shafiul
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic upended the daily life of every individual throughout the world and has had an impact on every sphere of life. However, its impact on education, especially higher education, is profound. This chapter is based on a recent study, which explored teaching and learning in higher education in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 lockdown. The chapter focuses on how switching from face-to-face to online distance teaching and learning within a short period of time has created educational inequality and the digital divide among teachers and students in higher education in Bangladesh. Based on the findings from the recent surveys (teachers' and students' perspectives), this chapter provides recommendations for the stakeholders to support teachers and students during the emergency remote teaching and learning. It also shows how different strategies could minimize educational inequality and the digital divide during the time of crisis and how the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown impacted on the transition and transformation of teaching and learning in Bangladesh.
Security Issues of Blockchain-Based Information System to Manage Supply Chain in a Global Crisis
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: May 2021

Global supply chain crisis management has become increasingly crucial for tackling unusual incidents (e.g., natural disaster, terrorism, pandemic). While crisis management has focused on a few organizations involved in supply chain operations (manufacturers, governments, carriers, and the consuming public), it has primarily received a functional focus. Due to their decentralized network structure, supply chains are prone to suffer from disruptive events solved by supply chain crisis management. This chapter presents the blockchain technologies' possibilities and limits used in an integrated IoT-based information system architecture. The chapter describes how the scalability limits of blockchain technology affect the proposed architecture performance that uses it. Also, the chapter presents a review of the academic literature, pointing out how some solutions use a centralization process to improve response time and security of the blockchain-based architecture. Finally, the chapter provides security threat models, which consider by blockchain protocols in IoT networks.
Principles and Guidelines for Establishing Communities of Inquiry in Blended Learning to Broaden Student Participation
Authors: Pool Jessica , Du Toit Adri
Published: May 2021

Blended learning provides possibilities for redesigning courses to be more inclusive and to accommodate diverse student learning needs. Various factors, including socio-economic inequalities and the digital divide, hinder students in higher education from experiencing the full potential benefits of blended learning. Events around the COVID-19 outbreak required that educational programs be offered online or in a blended mode, ensuring the continuation of educational programs. The community of inquiry (CoI) framework is a valid instrument to measure quality of online learning focusing on four important presences that contribute to quality learning. It can therefore be used by lecturers to (re)design and evaluate effective blended learning environments. The study focused on developing practical guidelines with applicable examples for establishing and sustaining CoI in blended learning to include more students with diverse access to resources. In addition, overarching recommendations for amelioration of the digital divide of students in blended learning were made.
Communicating Compassion in Pedagogy
Authors: Meluch Andrea L. , Hannah Maria N.
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented uncertainty and unpleasant feelings among a variety of individuals and populations. Mental health challenges rooted in feelings of social isolation, and for some grief and loss, have sparked dialogue about the importance of communicating compassion during times of crisis. This chapter focuses on instructor-student interactions in the throes of COVID-19 and the critical significance of compassionate pedagogy. While instructors often engage in caring for their students, the authors of this chapter propose that putting forth care and concern or verbalizing empathy or sympathy is drastically different than engaging in compassionate pedagogy. Simply, instructors who show compassion toward their students in times of struggle are actively motivated to alleviate student anxieties or stress through practical accommodation(s). In this chapter, strategies are outlined to give educators the means to implement compassionate pedagogy toward students during and beyond a global crisis.
Don't Forget About Us
Authors: Eastman Rayshawn L. , Eddie April , Johnson Kelli
Published: May 2021

Through narratives, this chapter explores the perspectives of three higher education professionals who served diverse student bodies during a pandemic. Detailing their experiences, the authors address efforts made to support underrepresented students during a pandemic. The effects of COVID-19 were vast and even more impactful for underrepresented students. The challenges of taking classes during a pandemic, combined with the known social challenges of 2020, made for an unforgettable period of time. This chapter addresses lessons learned, best practices, and suggestions for supporting students during a pandemic. The authors define underrepresented students as first-generation, LGBT+, low-income, and ethnic/racial minority students.
“Let's Hope for the Best!”
Authors: Fenton Jennifer Rose
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, the author sets out to explore the best strategies for not only supporting peer tutoring during a pandemic, but also to better acknowledge the mental strain many students have experienced since COVID-19 emerged. Using a composition and rhetoric studies approach as well as psychological research, the author proposes that professionals in higher education need to actively find ways to incorporate “expressive space” for students to work through hurdles in their learning because students are now processing significant traumatic experiences and motivational challenges while pursuing their academic goals. Tutoring coordinators and educators are encouraged to give students opportunities to mindfully engage with internal and environmental obstacles in order to persist throughout their academic career and in the lives they lead after college.
Utilizing Online Academic Coaching as an Added Value for International Student Support
Authors: Guetzoian Emily
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores the utilization of academic coaching as a way to support international students in the online higher education environment. International students and online learners experience barriers to academic success which have been amplified by the COVID pandemic. Given the lack of a widely accepted definition of academic coaching in academia, the author describes what academic coaching is and why it is different from other academic services such as advising or tutoring. This chapter also offers an implementation guide for campuses and departments considering the implementation of such a program on their campus, especially given the budget constraints caused by the pandemic. This guide includes suggestions of who can serve as an academic coach, ideal training topics for coaches, and logistical considerations for the online environment. The chapter concludes with a recommendation for future research on the topic of academic coaching, especially as it relates to online learners and international students.
Tehran's Nightlife and Public Space
Authors: Sohrabi Narciss M. , Kazemian Mona
Published: May 2021

Global literature provides indicators of vibrant urban spaces with night activities that differ based on the historical and spatial, demographic, and cultural settings. This study aims to investigate Tehran's nightlife with an emphasis on the effects of these settings on nightlife. Scanning literature figured out that nightlife is a prominent manifestation of the complex, dynamic, and increasing relationship between the components of the economy, society, and culture. In the reflection on the case study of Tehran, nightlife can be examined from objective-physical-functional and mental-psycho-perceptual viewpoints. The concluded remarks indicate that in creating the nightlife, it is crucial to redefining the three factors of cultural areas: people, time, and creativity. The results also showed the effect of urban space components (body, function, and meaning) on nightlife in Tehran. The ambition is to deepen the understanding of ongoing transformations in regulating, using, and experiencing the nightlife during religious ceremonies compared to regular nights.
Expectations vs. Practice in Critical Infrastructure Operator Crisis Communication
Authors: Petersen Laura , Fallou Laure , Reilly Paul , Serafinelli Elisa
Published: May 2021

Previous research into social media in crisis communication has tended to focus on use by emergency managers rather than another key stakeholder, critical infrastructure (CI) operators. This chapter adds to this field by empirically investigating public expectations of information provided by CI operators during crisis situations. It does so by drawing on a review of the literature on public expectations of disaster-related information shared via social media. Then it presents the results of an online questionnaire and interview-based study of disaster-vulnerable communities in France, Norway, Portugal, and Sweden. Results indicate that members of the public expect CI operators to provide information via traditional and social media, but not necessarily respond to queries on social media. Operators appear to meet traditional media expectations but should expand their current practices to include digital media.
Human Resource Analytics as a Life-Jacket for Organizations Amid Crisis
Authors: Ertürk Alper , Alkhayyat Razan
Published: May 2021

With the advancement of information technology and the substantial increase in the production and usage of data, analytics has become an important new tool for effective decision-making processes in the organizations. The evolution of management to a digital and data-driven orientation has also caused a significant shift in the position of HRM from a more operational role to a strategic business partnership. With expeditious digitalization, along with the inevitable influence of globalization, human resource analytics (HRA) has rapidly become a crucial tool for organizations in all industries. Recent examples and catastrophic experiences, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have proven the vital role of HR analytics for organizations to survive in times of crisis. This chapter aims to summarize what HR analytics is, how it should be implemented and utilized, and how it will be effective and play a crucial role for organizations in order to be able to survive in a crisis situation.
Event Generation for Emergency Scenarios Simulation
Authors: Correia Anacleto , Simões-Marques Mário , Água Pedro
Published: May 2021

Natural and technological disasters have been part of the daily life of societies in recent decades, causing harm and disruption in different parts of the world where they occur. Emergency management is the discipline that aims to promote support to the populations involved in a disaster, in order to mitigate the consequences of such disaster. Modelling and simulation plays a key role in decision-making and training in face of complex systems and procedures. Organizations responsible for responding to different types of disaster need tools that can improve the training and preparation of disaster support teams, creating scenarios as close to reality as possible. This chapter reports the creation of a solution for a scenario generation system capable of producing events similar to those verified in disasters, with a view to conducting training sessions, including near-real-time tabletop exercises and the planning and execution of field exercises, with the aim of decision-making training for relief teams in emergency situations.
What Does It Mean to Be a “Woman Leader” in Academia?
Authors: Yanıkkaya Berrin
Published: May 2021

This chapter seeks to determine how patriarchy and capitalism together work to oppress women in academic leadership positions. In today's globalized world, higher education institutions, both state and private, either have strong ties with the corporate world or are run as if they are corporations themselves. Women who work their way up to management positions in academia are forced to accommodate patriarchal and capitalist ways of leading, which undervalue democratic processes such as getting legitimacy from people and deliberation, as well as other ways of “doing things” or “leading” differently. This study aims to discuss the multi-layered forms of gender-based discrimination in regard to civil status, age, ethnicity, class, and pay differences in academic leadership positions.
Women´s Leadership in Mexican SMEs
Authors: Acevedo Natalie Berenice Diaz , Sampieri Roberto Hernández
Published: May 2021

This chapter presents the female leadership model present in the women who lead the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Mexico. It was found that women entrepreneurs have balanced leadership between the pursuit of economic results and the development of quality relationships with employees. This means they are good communicators and consider their employees in the integral development of their companies, but the women entrepreneurs are also interested in the achievement of the organizational objectives. This style of leadership develops in a context in which family support is key to success, where the main challenge they face is the economic one and where, under the perception of themselves, they have been able to break with the traditional scheme of work and female leadership.
Women in Leadership From the Perspective of a Chinese-American Professional
Authors: Cheng Sherry
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the chapter is to introduce changing roles of women over time, both in the settings of household and professional settings. As analyzed through the perspective of a Chinese-American professional, the chapter is to illustrate the challenges faced by women globally but also from Asian-American women in particular. In this chapter, the concerns of professional women have not only concerned women in general, but also minority women, especially in the United States. The questions of minority women in the workplace have raised critical concerns of professional integration and assimilation. In other words, minority women in general have struggled to seek professional careers with upward mobility. The question of how minority women choose careers and seek stability within their work places are being asked and explored within the current literature. The current literature explores how our psychological has and sociological changes in the society have affected how women understand their places and positions in their workplaces.
Interim Management Strategy as a Way of Empowering Women Leadership
Authors: Kişi Nermin
Published: May 2021

Although major steps have been taken to increase inclusive representation of women in the workforce, there is a significant gender gap in achieving leadership roles in both developed and developing regions. In particular, many women around the world face serious challenges that prevent them from moving to leadership positions. Women's empowerment approaches are needed in order to have equal access to resources, to participate in decision-making processes, and to support career advancement. Within this context, interim management strategies can be considered as one of the empowering opportunities for women leadership. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the role of interim management on women leaders' empowerment. This is the first attempt that evaluates the notion of interim management as part of empowerment of women's leadership. It is expected to add value to literature on women in leadership positions and corporate decision-making.
Innovative Approaches to Traditional Mentoring Practices of Women in Higher Education
Authors: Statti Aubrey LeeAnne Coy , Torres Kelly M.
Published: May 2021

The chapter will present research specific to the mentoring needs of women in higher education, specifically females in early and mid-career as well as women pursuing senior faculty status and positions of leadership. The chapter will begin with a description and rationale of mentorship, specifically among female faculty, as well as an explanation of the traditional model of mentoring. The chapter will then lead into a discussion of both traditional and innovative methods of mentorship and evaluate the benefits of mentoring to the mentor. Throughout the chapter, mentorship relationships among female faculty are evaluated under the theoretical lens of relational cultural theory and social learning theory. The chapter will conclude with a discussion of future research and potential practice of mentoring female faculty in academia.
Highly Productive 21st Century Workforce
Authors: Mupepi Sylvia , Mupepi Mambo , Modak Aslam
Published: May 2021

Some leadership behaviors are more frequently applied by women than men in the management of teams. These attributes have been proven successful in enhancing corporate performance and will be a key factor in meeting tomorrow's business challenges. Talent is unevenly distributed in diversified work environments and promoting women and gender leadership variety is of strategic importance in companies. Results from a recent study show an unprecedented amount of CEO turnover in 2015 and a growing tendency to look for new leadership outside the company. Nearly a quarter of the world companies replaced their CEOs during the same year and it is the highest turnover for the past two decades. Those new top executives were increasingly hired from elsewhere even during planned leadership changes. The data indicates that fewer women are the incoming list of top executives indicating that some of the old habits still linger in 21st century organizations. The organization development of effective capability deduces new viewpoints to advance the best talent for all time.
K. Marx's Economic Theory and Current Significance
Authors: Galstyan Gagik , Manaseryan Tatul
Published: May 2021

The article is an attempt to estimate K. Marx's economic theory. The following questions are discussed for this purpose: First, what were the true goals of Marx? Second, to what extent are they realistic and how adequate are the categories constructed and implemented by Marx to nature's and society's trends of growth? Third, is it possible to implement Marxist theory in solving contemporary economic and social problems? The purpose of the analysis is not to praise or criticize Karl Marx and, in general, Marxism, which is not so difficult to do based on historical events and facts, but to realistically evaluate Marx's economic theory and identify all the positive things in his teachings that can be used by economic science to help in overcoming obstacles to the development of modern societies.
Adaptive Virtual Reality Design Methodology
Authors: Tychkov Alexander Yu , Grosheva Ekaterina , Alimuradov Alan K. , Grachev Andrey , Churakov Petr P. , Ageykin Alexey , Tychkova Anna N.
Published: May 2021

The article provides an integrated analysis of practical application of virtual reality (VR) in healthcare. Modern VR products have been created for the diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, alcohol dependence, phobic disorders, and teenage depression. Information on such products is limited to simple scenes, without adaptation to the user. The article shows a prospect for creating a virtual system with biological feedback. The proposed system is a set of portable and stationary devices for recording physiological signals and immersion into a virtual reality environment, as well as smart nodes for registration, processing, and decision-making to correct the user's mental state. Technologies for wire/wireless transfer of audio-visual and parametric information in virtual reality systems are discussed. The analyses include the features (advantages and disadvantages) of using virtual reality in conditions of optical information transfer, wireless protocols, and wire interfaces that provide user communication with virtual reality system and technical solutions.
Predicting Hypertension in the United States
Authors: Jean Suzie , Dey Sukhen
Published: May 2021

This paper demonstrates the application of machine learning (ML) to predict patients with hypertension. The data was gathered from the New York City community health survey database for the 2018 survey year, which contains self-reported socio-demographic and health-related items. The study predicted individuals who were at risk of hypertensive conditions. Hypertensive respondents were identified using a battery of questions. The objective was to predict these individuals using social determinants of health (SDH) and clinical attributes. The analysis also shows the importance of clinical or pseudo-clinical measures to improve prediction accuracy. Our planet is under a severe pandemic, COVID-19. While this paper is on hypertension, a secondary conclusion was drawn. The world lacks a global database with clinical attributes for COVID-19 infected, recovered, and deceased patients. Machine learning with clinical data would immensely increase the potential for effective testing and a vaccine.
Integrating Flipped Learning Into an English Pre-Sessional Class at a Public University in the UAE
Authors: Eppard Jenny , Rodjan-Helder Marlieke Gerdie Danique , Baroudi Sandra , Reddy Preeya
Published: May 2021

This exploratory case study investigates the use of flipped learning in a second language classroom at a university in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Flipped learning was researched as a possible teaching/learning strategy for this population. As this study was exploratory, a case study was chosen as the research method. Students in one class participated in the flipped learning approach for one semester. Results were triangulated through students' test scores, interviews with participants, and teacher reflections. The data showed that flipped learning was viewed positively in terms of self-efficacy, leaner autonomy, a resource for an introduction to the concept and for review. However, participants clearly indicated that flipped learning should not replace the integral role of the teacher. Finally, implications in terms of the use of the flipped learning approach in English language classes are discussed as well as recommendations for future studies.
Information Technology/Systems Adoption in the Public Sector
Authors: Gholami Roya , Singh Neetu , Agrawal Pranav , Espinosa Karina , Bamufleh Dalal
Published: May 2021

State government has been moving from manual and paper-based processes to digital services. However, digital divide, declining trust in technology, and low IT/IS adoption rates by public sector employees are important challenges for successful delivery of e-government services to citizens. Previous studies in the area of IT/IS adoption and e-government have mainly focused on citizens. This paper examines IT/IS adoption by employees rather than citizens and the focus is on non-market environment and state government agencies. A research model has been proposed based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and technology acceptance model (TAM) which has been extended to include digital divide related constructs and trust in technology. To test the proposed model, a survey was conducted among early adopters of Office 365 at Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) in Springfield and Chicago. The paper contributes to research on IT/IS adoption in public sector. The findings also provide insightful design and practical implications for successful IT/IS deployment in public sector.
Fostering Financial Inclusion in a Developing Country
Authors: Wamba Samuel Fosso , Queiroz Maciel M. , Blome Constantin , Sivarajah Uthayasankar
Published: May 2021

Financial inclusion is a vital development priority for countries worldwide. Mobile wallet (m-wallet) is considered as a disruptive payment method that will substitute the traditional physical wallet to achieve the so-called cashless society and enables financial inclusion. This study aims at developing and testing a research model that integrates a set of technology factors (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, fun to use, monetary value), external factors (peer influence and perceived status benefit), and cultural factors (humane orientation and societal collectivism) to assess the intention to adopt and use m-wallet, for financial inclusion, in a developing country. The proposed conceptual model is tested using data collected from 621 m-wallet users in Cameroon. The model explains 47.5% of the variance of the actual use of m-wallet and 32.90% of the variance of financial inclusion. Eight out of the 10 proposed hypotheses were supported. Finally, implications for research and practice are discussed.
A Review of Nanotechnology as a Novel Method of Gene Transfer in Plants
Authors: Begum S.L. Rasmiya , Jayawardana N.U.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Nanotechnology has evolved as an effective tool in numerous fields including agriculture, medicine and engineering. Recently it’s potential as an alternative genetic transformation method has been identified. However, a comprehensive understanding over nanoparticles and their behavior in living cells is important to realize the full potential of this technology in biotechnological applications. Therefore, we review the application potential of widely employed nanoparticles in plant transformation here.Literature/Background: Development of new crop varieties with desirable traits via biotechnological applications is a solution for challenges associated with climate change and higher population growth. In such aspects, transformation of plant cells which is known as the process of changing one’s genome by integration exogenous DNA, is an absolute necessity and results far better and improved stable characteristics in original. Rigid and multi layered cell wall impedes penetration of exterior biomolecules and hence causes the transformation process complicated. Even though, numerous conventional methods have been established for plant transformation, lower transformation efficiency, tissue damage and random integration of transgenes warrants the need for novel approaches. In this context, novel techniques have been explored and as a result nanoparticles have been found effective in transformation of protoplasts as well as intact plant cells. Nanoparticles internalized either via endocytosis or direct penetration release transgenes from nanoparticle-DNA complexes and result in transient or stable expression. Nanoparticles ensure higher transformation efficiency, no transgenic silencing and protection of biogenic molecules from degradation by intracellular nucleases.
Lipid Receptor G2A-Mediated Signal Pathway Plays a Critical Role in Inflammatory Response by Promoting Classical Macrophage Activation
Authors: Li Qing , Feng Chunlei , Li Lingyun , Xu Guiliang , Gu Haijuan , Li Shiqiang , Li Dali , Liu Mingyao , Han Shuhua , Zheng Biao
Published: May 2021

Macrophage polarization is a dynamic and integral process in tissue inflammation and remodeling. In this study, we describe that lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) plays an important role in controlling inflammatory macrophage (M1) polarization in rodent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in monocytes from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Specific inhibition of Lp-PLA2 led to an ameliorated EAE via markedly decreased inflammatory and demyelinating property of M1. The effects of Lp-PLA2 on M1 function were mediated by lysophosphatidylcholine, a bioactive product of oxidized lipids hydrolyzed by Lp-PLA2 through JAK2-independent activation of STAT5 and upregulation of IRF5. This process was directed by the G2A receptor, which was only found in differentiated M1 or monocytes from MS patients. M1 polarization could be inhibited by a G2A neutralizing Ab, which led to an inhibited disease in rat EAE. In addition, G2A-deficient rats showed an ameliorated EAE and an inhibited autoimmune response. This study has revealed a mechanism by which lipid metabolites control macrophage activation and function, modification of which could lead to a new therapeutic approach for MS and other inflammatory disorders.
DNA damage and repair in differentiation of stem cells and cells of connective cell lineages: A trigger or a complication?
Authors: Sjakste Nikolajs , Riekstiņa Una
Published: May 2021

The review summarizes literature data on the role of DNA breaks and DNA repair in differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) and connective cell lineages. PSC, including embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), are rapidly dividing cells with highly active DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms to ensure the stability and integrity of the DNA. In PSCs, the most common DDR mechanism is error-free homologous recombination (HR) that is primarily active during S phase of the cell cycle, whereas in quiescent, slow-dividing or non-dividing tissue progenitors and terminally differentiated cells, error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanism of the double-strand break (DSB) repair is dominating.  Thus, it seems that reprogramming and differentiation induce DNA strand breaks in stem cells which itself may trigger the differentiation process. Somatic cell reprogramming to iPSCs is preceded by a transient increase of the DSBs induced presumably by the caspase-dependent DNase or reactive oxygen species (ROS). In general, pluripotent stem cells possess stronger DNA repair systems compared to the differentiated cells. Nonetheless, during a prolonged cell culture propagation, DNA breaks can accumulate due to the DNA polymerase stalling. Consequently, the DNA damage might trigger the differentiation of stem cells or a replicative senescence of somatic cells. Differentiation process per se is often accompanied by a decrease of the DNA repair capacity. Thus, the differentiation might be triggered by DNA breaks, alternatively the breaks can be a consequence of the decay in the DNA repair capacity of differentiated cells.