bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity assessment of Hemibagrus nemurus from rivers in Java Island, Indonesia using COI gene
Authors: Nuryanto Agus , NUNUNG KOMALAWATI  , SUGIHARTO
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Nuryanto A, Komalawati N, Sugiharto. 2019. Genetic diversity assessment of Hemibagrus nemurus from rivers in Java Island, Indonesia using COI gene. Biodiversitas 20: 2707-2717. Green catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is a popular freshwater fish that highly exploited in almost all the rivers in Java Island. The exploited population tends to have low genetic diversity. Meanwhile, separated populations might lead to a genetic difference among the river populations. This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity and population variation of H. nemurus collected at eleven rivers across Java Island. The analysis based on 465 bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene from 140 individuals. Analysis of overall populations proved that H. nemurus had a high gene diversity (h= 0.935±0.016) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.073±0.036). Within population analysis also showed that H. nemurus populations showed high levels of gene diversity (h= 0.338±0.128 to 1.000±0.022) and nucleotide diversity (π =0.001±0.001 to 0.071±0.038). Those diversity values indicated that H. nemurus had high level of genetic diversity, except for the Citanduy population. Population comparison showed that significant genetic differences observed among populations (p= 0.000 for both variance component and Fst-value). However, pairwise comparison analysis indicated complex pattern of population differentiation. The high genetic diversity and complex pattern of population differentiation have important implication for H. nemurus conservation in Java Island.
Traditional ecological knowledge and biodiversity conservation: the medicinal plants of the Dayak Krayan people in Kayan Mentarang National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Susanti Rina , Zuhud Ervizal A.M.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Susanti R, Zuhud EAM. 2019. Traditional ecological knowledge and biodiversity conservation: the medicinal plants of the Dayak Krayan people in Kayan Mentarang National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2764-2779. Traditional ecological knowledge and biodiversity conservation can support one another for management of national parks in Indonesia as some such areas established in customary areas. This quantitative ethnobotany study aims to find the correlation of traditional ecological knowledge of medicinal plants of the Dayak Krayan people to biodiversity conservation in Kayan Mentarang National Park (KMNP), North Kalimantan, Indonesia. The research method used key informant interviews, transect walks, and questionnaire interviews. There were about 51 and 42 medicinal plants in Wa’ Yagung and Pa’ Padi respectively, which most used in life form of herb and tree, and to treat digestive system and infestations. Moreover, the important species are trees Alstonia scholaris and Cinnamomum cuspidatum, and vine Aristolochia sp. which grow in primary forest, while shrub Melastoma malabathricum in young secondary forest. There were significant differences in knowledge and use regarding age and gender groups, which older groups tend to possess higher values. The linking concept is proposed by using a review of three stimuli NUR (Natural-Usefulness-Religious) pro-conservation tool of traditional ecological knowledge and biodiversity conservation. The authorities’ stakeholders in KMNP will have to emphasize the traditional ecological knowledge in short or long-term management plan to achieve the objective of collaborative management in this national park.
Evaluation of water-saving rice status based on morphophysiological characteristics and water use efficiency
Authors: Darmadi Didi , AHMAD JUNAEDI  , DIDY SOPANDIE  , SUPIJATNO  , ISKANDAR LUBIS  , KOKI HOMMA  , NURIL HIDAYATI
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Darmadi D, Junaedi A, Sopandie D, Supijatno, Lubis I, Homma K, Hidayati N. 2019. Evaluation of water-saving rice status based on morphophysiological characteristics and water use efficiency. Biodiversitas 20: 2815-2823. One strategy to anticipate water shortages in rice production is to use varieties that are efficient in using water and produce high yields. The aim of this study was to measure water consumption, water use efficiency and production performance of several types of rice. The research was conducted during the rainy season from January to April 2018 and the dry season from August to November 2018 in a greenhouse. This study used a completely randomized design. The genetic materials used were 8 varieties consisting of lowland rice (sawah), upland rice (gogo), and land race. The variables analyzed included morphological and physiological characteristics. The results showed that differences in rice types indicated diverse responses to morphological and physiological characteristics on water consumption and water use efficiency (WUE). Mentik Wangi variety had the highest water consumption of 24.1 liters. The IPB 9 G and Jatiluhur varieties achieved the highest water use efficiency of 2.4 and 2.3, respectively. Based on the heatmap analysis, both varieties had similarities in the morphological characteristics of long roots, high root weights, long and broad leaves, and high total grain counts per panicle. The similarity of physiological characteristics was high rates of photosynthesis and low transpiration. Varieties that achieve the highest water use efficiency have the potential to be developed into varieties that are tolerant to limited water conditions.
The population, utilization and local management of Elaeodendron transvaalense in the Blouberg Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Rasethe Marula Triumph , Semenya Sebua Silus
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Rasethe MT, Semenya SS. 2019. The population, utilization and local management of Elaeodendron transvaalense in the Blouberg Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Biodiversitas 20: 2978-2985. Elaeodendron transvaalense is highly harvested by rural communities of the Limpopo Province (South Africa) to meet various livelihoods. However, its information on the population, uses, harvesting practices, threatening factors and local management is still not investigated and documented in many parts of this province. The current study therefore, provides a base-line data of E. transvaalense occurring in two villages of the Blouberg Municipality, Limpopo Province. Data on the population locations, utilization and local management strategies of this species was collected from community members, traditional healers and leaders via semi-structured questionnaires, supplemented by field observations on harvesting practices, threats, area of occupancy, population size, density and demographic structure and population health. Two populations, referred in this study as Sebotlana and Makgabeng covering an area of 25252.17 m2 and 45099.79 m2, respectively, were located in the two villages of the Blouberg Municipality. Both populations were characterized by a mixture of healthy seedlings, sapling, juvenile, middle trees, adult trees, and senescent trees, with Makgabeng population having the highest plant density. Various morphological parts such as bark and roots were mainly used by respondents as common ingredients in traditional medicines, mainly for cough, fever, diarrhoea, symptoms of AIDS and as blood purifier. Evidence of harvesting was only observed on Sebotlana population, which was also highly impacted by rural settlement expansion. Overall, there were no local management strategies meant specifically for the identified E. transvaalense around the Blouberg area.
Variability of Catharanthus roseus based on morphological and anatomical characters, and chlorophyll contents
Authors: Samiyarsih Siti , NETTYANI NAIPOSPOS  , DIAN PALUPI
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Samiyarsih S, Naipospos N, Palupi D. 2019. Variability of Catharanthus roseus based on morphological and anatomical characters, and chlorophyll contents. Biodiversitas 20: 2986-2993. Catharanthus roseus (L.) is an important medicinal plant of the family Apocynaceae used to treat many of the diseases. C. roseus also possess good antioxidant potential. The purpose of this research was 1) to determine the variability of C. roseus based on the morphological, anatomical characters and chlorophyll contents, 2) to know the differences in morphological, anatomical characteristics and chlorophyll contents of C. roseus found in Banyumas Regency. The research used a survey method, with a purposive sampling technique. Preparation of leaf for anatomical analysis was based on paraffin method. The results showed that C. roseus in Banyumas Regency were grouped into eight varieties. The morphological characters observed consisted of 21 characters, 8 quantitative characters, and 13 qualitative characters. Most of the quantitative morphological and anatomical characters were significantly diverse (p <0.05) except for petiole length, corolla number, stomata width and number of trichomata. The eight varieties of C. roseus have different chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents but their anthocyanin contents were not significantly different.
Effect of wildfires on tropical peatland vegetation in Meranti Islands District, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Silviana Sinta , SAHARJO BAMBANG HERO , SUTIKNO SIGIT
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Silviana SH, Saharjo BH, Sutikno S. 2019. Effect of wildfires on tropical peatland vegetation in Meranti Islands District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3056-3062. Wildfires are one of the main causes of forest destruction, disturbing forest sustainability. Wildfires are mainly caused by human activities, such as land clearing, wood harvesting, draining, etc. Wildfires could induce the loss of vegetation. This study was aimed at assessing the effect of wildfires on both vegetation biomass and necromass on coastal peatland ecosystems in Sungaitohor Village, Tebing Tinggi Timur Sub-district, Meranti Islands District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Analysis of vegetation and both above and below the ground biomass composition were performed. The approach used a paired sample with 4 replications (n = 4 burnt, n=4 unburnt). The variables observed in every research sites was analyzed using Student-T test. Models were generated and then validated to understand the effect of fires on biomass. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the studied parameters between the unburned area and burned area (P <0.01). Wildfires affected the quantity of living plants (biomass) which was indicated by the fact that biomass is unburnt and burnt areas were in the ratio of 2.67 : 1. The quantity of dead plants (necromass) was greater in the burned plots than in the unburnt plots. All these findings suggest that high intensity of forest fires had occurred in the study sites.
Trends in the delivery of elective general paediatric surgery
Authors: Tiboni SG , Stewart RJ
Published: January 2020

Introduction

There has been regular dialogue regarding the importance of developing clinical networks to compensate for the steady decline in general paediatric surgery performed by adult surgeons. Despite this dialogue, there are no contemporary published data to quantify the issue. This report documents patterns in delivery of general paediatric surgery in England and shows what is being performed where and by whom.

Materials and methods

Using the Surgical Workload Outcome Database, we compared hospital-level data between 2009 and 2017. Inclusion criteria were children under 18 years admitted to NHS hospitals in England for elective general paediatric surgery. Data were analysed with an online statistical package performing paired t-tests.

Results

There was no real change in the overall number of elective general paediatric surgical marker cases, but the type mix has changed. The number of marker cases performed by adult surgeons fell by 34% (4699 vs 3090 p < 0.05). The number of marker cases performed by specialist paediatric surgeons increased by 21% (8184 vs 9862 p < 0.05). This increase in workload occurred in both tertiary (21% increase) and peripheral (18% increase) centres. When analysing data by operation type it was apparent that 78% of the increased workload was attributable to an increase in orchidopexy rate.

Conclusion

Best practice is to treat children close to home by staff with the right skills. This study shows significant shifts in the general paediatric surgical workload. It is important to monitor these trends for successful succession planning as well as configuration of services.
Mini-mesh and Lichtenstein repair compared with a modified Kugel technique for femoral hernia: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang D , Shen Y , Wang F , Chen J , Chen Y , Zhang Y
Published: January 2020

Introduction

A modified Kugel patch is more expensive than ordinary mesh and demands a wide dissection of the preperitoneal space in femoral hernia repair. We therefore adopted a novel method using mini-mesh and a Lichtenstein repair. This study compared mini-mesh and Lichtenstein repair with a modified Kugel technique in patients with a primary unilateral femoral hernia.

Methods

Patients with unilateral femoral hernia were assigned randomly to undergo mini-mesh and Lichtenstein repair (M group) or modified Kugel repair (K group), followed-up at one week, three months, one year and two years. Demographics, hernia characteristics and operative outcomes of two groups were analysed.

Results

A total of 48 patients in the K group and 49 participants in the M group completed follow-up. The operation time for the M group (68.6 ± 13.4 minutes) was significantly shorter than that of the K group (80.6 ± 10.1 minutes; p=0.030). There was no significant difference between the two groups for chronic pain, foreign body feeling and quality of life, and no recurrence occurred.

Conclusions

Mini-mesh and Lichtenstein repairs have reasonable results in the patients with femoral hernia in this study, with a reduced operation time compared with a modified Kugel repair. The trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry: ChiCTR1900022264.
Enhancing latency performance through intelligent bandwidth allocation decisions: a survey and comparative study of machine learning techniques
Authors: Ruan Lihua , Dias Maluge P. I. , Wong Elaine
Published: January 2020

Converged access networks consolidating 5G and beyond and fixed optical fiber access are expected to support future latency-sensitive human-to-machine applications over the Tactile Internet. Making intelligent bandwidth allocation decisions among end users/machines/robots of the converged network is thus crucial to meeting stringent latency requirements. The recent renewed interest in machine learning (ML) has contributed towards a plethora of undeniable performance improvements in communication networks. Current insights into how ML can be exploited to provide intelligent bandwidth allocation decisions to enhance latency performance, along with guidance on the most suitable ML technique in that regard, remain elusive. This paper provides the first insights, to the best of our knowledge, into the suitability of commonly adopted ML techniques for this purpose by first presenting an in-depth survey focusing on the technical details of these techniques and how each technique is used in existing studies. The benefits, drawbacks, resultant time and space complexity incurred, and prediction accuracy are then evaluated for each ML technique reviewed. Next, a comprehensive comparative study of the ML techniques is presented for the first time, to our best knowledge, to provide guidance on the selection of ML technique that provides intelligent bandwidth allocation decisions towards supporting emerging latency-sensitive applications. The uplink latency performance of a converged network adopting an artificial neural network (ANN) supervised bandwidth allocation scheme is then compared with those arising from using existing bandwidth allocation schemes. Results highlight the ability of the ANN to learn the association among bandwidth demand, network parameters, and the resulting uplink latency such that, in operation, the allocated bandwidth will always be optimized to enhance latency performance.
Color discrimination assessment in patients with hypothyroidism using the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test
Authors: Racheva Kalina , Totev Tsvetalin , Natchev Emil , Bocheva Nadejda , Beirne Raymond , Zlatkova Margarita
Published: January 2020

There is evidence in the literature that hypofunction of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) affects color vision in rodents by influencing the production of the visual pigment opsin. The effect of hypothyroidism on color vision in humans has not been examined in any great detail. In this cross-sectional study we evaluated color discrimination using the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test (FM-100 test) in 25 individuals with pre-treatment hypothyroidism (mean age

38

±

9

.

2

yr

), and a control euthyroid group,

n

=

26

(mean age

39.6

±

8

.

4

yr

). There was no statistically significant difference in the total error score (

√

TES

) between the groups, but the hypothyroid group had a significantly greater partial error score (

√

PES

) along the blue-yellow (B-Y) axis compared to the red-green (R-G) axis. No statistically significant differences in B-Y and R-G PES were observed in the control group. This study shows that hypothyroidism affects color vision in humans, causing significant impairment in the B-Y color subsystem.
Characterization of the electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam using first-order interference
Authors: K. R. Sethuraj , Kanseri B.
Published: January 2020

We propose a method for the characterization of electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EMGSM) beams. This method utilizes the first-order interference consisting of polarization-state projections along with the two-point (generalized) Stokes parameters. The second-order field correlations employed in this method enable us to determine both the magnitude and the argument of the complex degree of electromagnetic coherence. We experimentally demonstrate this method by characterizing an EMGSM beam, which is synthesized using a laser beam passing through a rotating ground glass diffuser. This beam-characterization method is expected to be potentially useful for probing the partially coherent and partially polarized beams, and have tremendous applications in broad areas of optical communication and beam propagation.
Quantum teleportation with hybrid entangled resources prepared from heralded quantum states
Authors: Domínguez-Serna Francisco A. , Rojas Fernando , Garay-Palmett Karina
Published: January 2020

In this work, we propose the generation of a hybrid entangled resource
(HER) and its further application in a quantum teleportation scheme
from an experimentally feasible point of view. The source for HER
preparation is based on the four-wave mixing process in a photonic
crystal fiber, from which one party of its output bipartite state is
used to herald a single photon or a single photon added coherent
state. From the heralded state and linear optics, the HER is created.
In the proposed teleportation protocol, Bob uses the HER to teleport
qubits with different spectral properties. Bob makes a Bell
measurement in the single photon basis and characterizes the scheme
with its average quantum teleportation fidelity. Fidelities close to
one are expected for qubits in a wide spectral range. The work also
includes a discussion about the fidelity dependence on the geometrical
properties of the medium through which the HER is generated. An
important remark is that no spectral filtering is employed in the
heralding process, which emphasizes the feasibility of this scheme
without compromising photon flux.
Photoexcitation-induced local phonon spectra and local hot excitons in polymer solar cells
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Zhang Yusong , Lin Zhe , Shen Jianguo , George Thomas F. , Li Sheng
Published: January 2020

In this article, based on nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with electronic transitions, the elaborate ultrafast process of hot excitons in conjugated polymer solar cells is revealed. When an external optical beam/pulse with the intensity of 30 µJ/cm−2 is utilized to excite a conjugated polymer, just within only 50 fs, the electronic transition not only redistributes the electron population in the original molecular orbital, but also starts to localize the electron cloud of excited states and to distort the alternating bonds in the polymer chain. Up to 300 fs, the lattice distortion has been stabilized. During the formation of hot excitons, the prominent self-trapping effect of conjugated polymer triggers the occurrence of local infrared active phonon modes, with five peaks in the phonon spectrum as the hot excitons relax. The characteristic phonon spectrum and infrared modes hence form the fingerprint of the hot excitons of a conjugated polymer, which are readily distinguished from other excitation states in the polymer.
Impact of ship on radiometric measurements in the field: a reappraisal via Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Shang Zhehai , Lee Zhongping , Wei Jianwei , Lin Gong
Published: January 2020

The presence of a ship in water disturbs the ambient light field and propagates errors to radiometric measurements. This study investigated the ship perturbation via Monte Carlo simulations with a reflective 3D ship. It is found that the height of ship could cause significant perturbation. However, these perturbations could be compensated by the reflection of the ship’s hull, where such compensations vary from sun angle to hull’s reflectance. Further, as a rule of thumb, to keep the perturbation on water-leaving radiance under ∼3% from an operating ship, a look-up table is generated with the requirements of viewing angle for the radiometers operated at the deck and for the deployment distance of floating and profiling instruments.
Compact micro-optic based components for hollow core fibers
Authors: Jung Yongmin , Kim Hyuntai , Chen Yong , Bradley Thomas D. , Davidson Ian A. , Hayes John R. , Jasion Gregory , Sakr Hesham , Rikimi Shuichiro , Poletti Francesco , Richardson David J.
Published: January 2020

Using micro-optic collimator technology, we present compact, low-loss optical interconnection devices for hollow core fibers (HCFs). This approach is one of the key manufacturing platforms for commercially available fiber optic components and most forms of HCFs can readily be incorporated into this platform without the need for any substantial or complicated adaptation or physical deformation of the fiber structure. Furthermore, this technique can provide for very low Fresnel reflection interconnection between solid-core fiber and HCF and in addition provides a hermetic seal for HCFs, which can be a critical issue for many HCF applications. In this paper, several exemplar HCF components are fabricated with low insertion loss (0.5-2 dB), low Fresnel reflection (−45 dB) and high modal purity (>20 dB) using various state-of-the-art HCFs.
Enhanced ultraviolet electroluminescence from ZnO nanoparticles via decoration of partially oxidized Al layer
Authors: Chan Si-Yuan , Wu Sheng-Chan , Wang Ching-Yen , Hsu Hsu-Cheng
Published: January 2020

We construct the ZnO-based superluminescent light-emitting diodes (SLEDs) by spin-coating ZnO nano-particles onto p-GaN/sapphire substrate. By inserting another thin Al layer to form an n-ZnO/Al/n-ZnO/p-GaN sandwich structured SLD, the intensities of the photoluminescence and electroluminescence were greatly enhanced, which can be attributed to the surface plasmon resonance of this Al layer. The tendency of the intensities of the entire electroluminescence spectra shows a super-linearly behavior with increasing the forward bias. Besides, the spectral bandwidth is narrowed down enormously owing to the achievement of the SLD. Furthermore, the interfacial emissions between ZnO/GaN are effectively suppressed by partially oxidizing the Al layer.
Single-channel electronic readout of a multipixel superconducting nanowire single photon detector
Authors: Tiedau Johannes , Schapeler Timon , Anant Vikas , Fedder Helmut , Silberhorn Christine , Bartley Tim J.
Published: January 2020

We present a time-over-threshold readout technique to count the number of activated pixels from an array of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs). This technique places no additional heatload on the cryostat, and retains the intrinsic count rate of the time-tagger. We demonstrate proof-of-principle operation with respect to a four-pixel device. Furthermore, we show that, given some permissible error threshold, the number of pixels that can be reliably read out scales linearly with the intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio of the individual pixel response.
La protección de los derechos fundamentales de la persona trabajadora ante la utilización de GPS: ¿reformulación o continuidad?
Authors: Cuadros Garrido María Elisa
Published: January 2020

Los datos de tiempo-localización son una de las fuentes del Big Data más sensibles a la privacidad de los usuarios; por ello tienen una enorme aplicación práctica, además de la oportunidad del uso de grandes volúmenes de datos, traen consigo enormes riesgos para la privacidad y son una enorme fuente creciente de datos. Desde la óptica de la regularidad de la obtención de las informaciones del GPS, con el objeto de que puedan servir de prueba en un posible proceso judicial, por ello hay que entender que nos encontramos, en muchos casos, ante datos sensibles de la vida privada, por lo que en España se ha optado por una regulación expresa de la materia.  La normativa actual vigente, establece un deber de información previo a la fiscalización del GPS, de manera a que obliga que se detalle por parte de la empresa de manera previa, expresa, clara e inequívoca.  El derecho que resulta más afectado aquí es la autodeterminación informativa por su relación instrumental con el derecho a la intimidad este segundo derecho que también es objeto de protección, pero no de una manera colateral por lo que la redacción del precepto no es del todo afortunada, lo que podemos afirmar sin dudarlo que ello puede llevar a posibles interpretaciones judiciales contradictorias.
Canine demodicosis: Hematological and biochemical alterations
Authors: Salem N. Y. , Abdel-Saeed H. , Farag H. S. , Ghandour R. A.
Published: January 2020

Background and Aim: One of the most common cutaneous infections seen in veterinary canine practice is canine demodicosis. Demodicosis is a parasitic skin infection with a possible impact on acute-phase proteins (APPs) and oxidant-antioxidant balance. This study aimed to estimate the possible alterations in hematological, biochemical, oxidant-antioxidant, and APP (C-reactive protein [CRP] and albumin) profiles in naturally infected dogs with demodicosis.

Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 21 dogs that were divided into two groups: The control group including 7 apparently healthy dogs and the diseased group including 14 dogs with generalized demodicosis. Demodicosis was confirmed through microscopic detection. Blood samples were collected for the estimation of CBC, total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and CRP levels.

Results: Significant reduction in red blood cells along with significant elevation in white blood cells was recorded in the diseased group compared with the control group. There was also significant elevation in MDA, TAC, SOD, and CRP levels along with significant reduction in GSH-Px and CAT levels in the diseased group.

Conclusion: Based on these findings, a relationship between canine generalized demodicosis and oxidant-antioxidant disequilibrium could be suggested. Evidence of this relation manifested in the elevation in MDA and SOD levels and reduction in GPx and CAT levels as a consequence to the release of ROS resulting from Demodex infection. CRP elevation is expected in canine demodicosis.
Железнодорожное строительство в стратегии Российской империи по освоению Туркестана
Authors: Бочкарева Ирина Борисовна
Published: January 2020

С присоединением к Российской империи обширных территорий Туркестана перед центральной и местной администрацией встали задачи налаживания управления регионом, обеспечения безопасности в свете соперничества с Великобританией за сферы влияния во Внутренней Азии, а также его экономического освоения, чтобы новая колония приносила империи в перспективе выгоду не только военно-стратегического характера. Необходимым условием закрепления России в Туркестане и его модернизации должно было стать создание сети коммуникаций, отвечающих требованиям формирующегося индустриального общества (железные дороги, пароходы, телеграф и др.). Вместе с тем железнодорожное строительство в Туркестане: его темпы, характер финансирования, маршруты дорог — было обусловлено приоритетами политики России в регионе, среди которых военно-стратегические соображения явно доминировали над экономическим развитием. Однако, построив Закаспийскую, а затем Ташкентскую железные дороги, государство, еще не имея к началу XX в. сложившейся стратегии экономического освоения Туркестана, выступило в роли актора экономической модернизации края. Дороги стали средством экономической привязки Туркестана к России, а также одним из факторов оформления стратегии экономического развития региона в интересах метрополии, превращении его в базу хлопководства для нужд российской промышленности.
Кто стоит за путчем в Габоне? Исторический контекст
Authors: Филиппов Василий Рудольфович
Published: January 2020

Статья посвящена выяснению причин и последствий неудачной попытки отстранения от власти вооруженным путем президента Габонской Республики Али Бонго Ондимбы. Автор рассматривает ситуацию в Габоне в широком геополитическом контексте и увязывает январские события 2019 г. с политическими процессами в Центральноафриканской Республике и Демократической Республике Конго. Особый акцент сделан на роли Франции, США, России и Китая в борьбе за право участвовать в освоении природных богатств африканских стран и за геостратегическое доминирование в странах субсахарской Африки. Автор рассматривает различные точки зрения на то, кто мог инициировать вооруженный мятеж в Либревиле, но сам при этом склоняется к версии, согласно которой за путчем могут стоять США. В пользу этого предположения говорит то обстоятельство, что А. Бонго на встрече с президентом России Владимиром Путиным в июле 2018 г. высказался за наращивание присутствия России и Китая в африканских странах вообще и в Габонской Республике в частности. Появление американских солдат в Габоне автор объясняет стремлением Вашингтона не допустить расширения военного сотрудничества этой страны с Российской Федерацией, с одной стороны, и намерением дестабилизировать ситуацию в соседней Демократической Республике Конго — с другой.
Воспроизводство населения Новониколаевской и Алтайской губерний в 1920-1927 гг.
Authors: Косыгина Светлана Валерьевна
Published: January 2020

Впервые представлены показатели воспроизводства населения Алтайской и Новониколаевской губерний с целью охарактеризовать развитие демографического перехода после Первой мировой и Гражданской войн в 1920-1927 гг. Были сделаны выводы, что демографические кризисы не остановили поступательный процесс демографического перехода, а лишь на время прервали его. Коэффициенты рождаемости в губернии были сверхвысокими, коэффициенты смертности до 1926 г. были выше «нормы», тенденция снижения смертности наметилась лишь к 1927 г. Определены причины изменений численности населения, наивысший рост численности пришелся на 1926 г., минимальный уровень наблюдался в 1920-1922 гг.

Показатели брачности в 1920-1924 г. были стабильно высокими, средний показатель был выше 10%о. С 1925 г. интенсивность брачности снизилась, но средний показатель в 1925-1927 гг. оставался выше среднего (8,7%), брачность была высокой, как следствие, с 1923 г. мы наблюдаем увеличение прироста населения губерний.

Хронологические рамки охватывают 1920-1927 гг. Выбор нижней границы связан с возможностью сравнить самые кризисные эпидемические коэффициенты 1920-1922 гг. с «нестабильными» послевоенными. Верхняя граница — 1927 г. — определяется значительным снижением коэффициента смертности в обеих губерниях.

В работе выдвинуты следующие задачи: на основе архивных документов определить изменения численности и режима воспроизводства населения губернии; выявить отличия в воспроизводстве населения Новониколаевской и Алтайской губерний. Метод вычисления общих коэффициентов воспроизводства населения и табличный метод применялись во всей работе.
Автомобиль как маркер идентичности: исторические аспекты
Authors: Медведев Владислав Валентинович
Published: January 2020

Статья посвящена исследованию новых аспектов демонстрации идентичности в контексте автомобильной культуры и отражает тенденции и стремление автовладельцев акцентировать внимание на идентичности/идентичностях, этническом происхождении, религии, месте рождения и проживания. Автомобиль представлен в качестве объекта, рассматриваемого с позиции семиотического подхода и выполняющего маркирующую роль. На основании опубликованных отечественных и зарубежных работ, а также наблюдений автора автомобиль охарактеризован как маркер идентичности/идентичностей в контексте этничности, религии и территории. Конкретные примеры способствуют пониманию возможностей знаково-символического маркирования для поиска соотечественников в городском пространстве и автомобильном потоке, форм привлечения внимания к автомобилю и лично водителю, «вызова» другим участникам процесса движения.

Проведенное исследование позволяет сделать выводы о том, что визуализация самосознания водителя на корпусе автомобиля и наличие в салоне маркирующих предметов регулярно демонстрируют идентичность / идентичности автовладельца. Потребность в самоидентификации с более широкой общностью существовала всегда, поскольку придавала чувство уверенности и стабильности. Отождествление себя с определенным регионом / городом / сельским поселением конкретизирует связь не только с территорией как местом рождения или предыдущего проживания, но и семьей, широким кругом родственников и друзей, т.е. всем, чем человек дорожит и что для него действительно важно. В более широком восприятии — это отождествление себя с этнической группой/народом, самоопределение индивида как части этнического сообщества.
Реакция Исламской Республики Иран на выход США из Совместного всеобъемлющего плана действий
Authors: Румянцев Владимир Петрович , Хакимов Азизджон Шухратович
Published: January 2020

В мае 2018 г. президент США Д. Трамп заявил о выходе Соединенных Штатов из Совместного всеобъемлющего плана действий, принятого в 2015 г. для решения иранской ядерной проблемы. В данной статье анализируется то, как на этот шаг прореагировало руководство Ирана, его население, и каковы перспективы достижения целей, которые ставил перед собой официальный Вашингтон. Помимо внутриполитических соображений и укрепления союзнических отношений с Израилем и Саудовской Аравией, Д. Трамп рассчитывал, что его инициатива как минимум приведет к изменению внешней политики Ирана, а как максимум — к смене власти в Тегеране в результате недовольства населения своим бедственным положением. Очевидно, что американское руководство просчиталось. Экономическая ситуация в Иране действительно ухудшилась, но все основные направления внешней политики исламской республики остались в силе, при этом Иран стал наращивать свое сотрудничество с Сирией, Россий и Китаем. Усилилась и антиизраильская риторика официальных иранских властей. Новые экономические санкции со стороны США привели к росту антиамериканских настроений, вместо того чтобы подстегнуть антиправительственные выступления. Таким образом, в очередной раз в своей истории в случае внешнего давления иранцы сплачиваются вокруг своего руководства.
Desenvolvimento Profissional Docente: Um Processo Contínuo de Formação / Teaching Professional Development: A Continuous Training Process
Authors: Brasileiro Thereza Denise Luna Parente
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo apresenta uma abordagem sobre o tema Desenvolvimento Profissional Docente. Tem como objetivo refletir sobre os distintos aspectos do desenvolvimento profissional e sobre as possibilidades de transformação para a otimização do processo de formação contínua dos professores. Este estudo caracteriza-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa, a partir do pensamento entre os autores embasadas nas leituras de diferentes obras. O desenvolvimento profissional docente, processo contínuo de formação, necessita ser valorizado, repensado e melhor desenvolvido levando em conta as bases que fundamentam as ações das instituições de ensino. As atualizações contínuas no aprendizado são indispensáveis para alcançar qualquer objetivo profissional, a atualização de conhecimentos deve ser encarada como um instrumento e estratégia de crescimento profissional e pessoal.
Axial Blast Type Discharge Chamber with Moving Electrode
Authors: Pinchuk M. E. , Budin A. V. , Kurakina N. K. , Leks A. G.
Published: January 2020

The paper presents some results concerning electrophysical and gas-dynamics parameters of high-curent arc in axial blast discharge chamber. The experimental stand and numerical model were modified for axial gas flow type. Some design changes are described in the paper. The experiments were carried out for gas pressures of 1.0-6.0 MPa with current amplitude of 25-150 kA. The current half-period was of 1.0-10.0 ms. The contacts moved apart to the distance of 3-4 cm due to gas pressure boost in the chamber. OpenFOAM package with the library swak4foam was used for numerical simulation.
Experimental Investigation on the Arc Characteristics and Arc Quenching Capabilities of C5F10O-CO2 Mixtures
Authors: Guo Z. , Tang F. , Lv Q. , Li X. , Zhang B. , Jia S. , Huang R.
Published: January 2020

C5F10O-CO2 mixtures are possible alternatives to SF6 - which has a high global warming potential - as the interruption medium in gas circuit breakers. This paper experimentally studies the arcing characteristics of C5F10O-CO2 mixture, with an experimental model with viewing windows, and measures the arc voltage, current and emission spectrum. The arc evolution process is captured with a high speed camera through an inspection window. The two-dimensional distribution of arc is obtained and analyzed by the inverse transformation of Abel. The results show that, the C5F10O-CO2 mixture arc is more volatile than SF6 gas, and adding C5F10O into CO2 improves the stability of the arc, and significantly reduces the arc temperature.
Preliminary Study on Making Arc Characteristics of AgSnO2 Contact
Authors: Guo F. , Zhang Y. , Wang Z. , Wang X. , Gao H.
Published: January 2020

In order to analyze the making arc characteristics of AgSnO2 contact, experiments were carried out with a self-developed experimental equipment. It was found that contact resistance had no obvious change with the increase of the number of experiments.In the later stage of the experiment, the contact bounces occurred during the contact closing process, which not only prolonged the making arc duration, but also increased making arc energy. When the contact was eroded to a certain extent by arc, making welding occurs.
Há gamificação na Psicologia brasileira?
Authors: Goulart Lodi Rafael , Furtado Holanda Adriano
Published: January 2020

Este artigo é uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática sobre estudos acerca do fenômeno da gamificação em periódicos brasileiros de Psicologia. Gamificação pode ser definida como “o uso de elementos de design de jogos em contextos que não são de jogos”, e tem como propósito propiciar o engajamento ou desempenho dos indivíduos em alguma atividade. Não foram encontrados artigos que abordassem explicitamente esse tema. Decidiu-se expandir a pesquisa para fenômenos relacionados, como jogos educativos. Foram encontrados e analisados 24 artigos. Os resultados apresentam grande diversidade de abordagens teóricas,amostras, métodos e contextos de intervenção. As conclusões sugerem a eficácia do uso de recursos lúdicos em atividades não lúdicas. Mais pesquisas são recomendadas para se esclarecer os impactos da gamificação.
Implantação do prontuário do morador de instituição de longa permanência para idosos
Authors: Vera Ivânia , Guedes de Sena Kamylla , Silva Maria de Lourdes , Vaz da Costa Estrela Simão Victoria , Lucchese Roselma
Published: January 2020

Relato de experiência que objetivou descrever a implantação e a implementação do prontuário de moradores de uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos, utilizando a AvaliaçãoGlobal do Idoso como subsídio para o processo de cuidar em enfermagem. A instituição era denatureza filantrópica e abrigava moradores de ambos os sexos e de idades diversas, comdiferentes patologias. Após a confecção e o manuseio no dia a dia, verificou-se que o prontuáriofísico foi de extrema relevância, pois forneceu informações e possibilitou o acompanhamentoda saúde do idoso, além do convívio intergeracional entre estudantes de enfermagem e os moradores.
Morte na maternidade
Authors: Ruben Calaça Menezes Nayara , Marciano Rafaela Paula
Published: January 2020

O luto perinatal é vivenciado como um momento de extremo sofrimento, pouco reconhecido pelo entorno e que acarreta efeitos diversos no psiquismo materno. Esse artigo apresenta um trabalho de intervenção psicológica desenvolvido em um grupo de mães enlutadas no Hospital e Maternidade Dona Íris, em Goiânia. Foram realizados seis encontros, conduzidos pelas estagiárias e supervisoras de psicologia, com duração de 1h30. Em cada sessão, foram trabalhadas as fases do luto, tal como proposto por Kübler-Ross: negação, raiva, depressão, barganha e aceitação. Os resultados mostraram o intenso trabalho psíquico de luto vivenciado pelas famílias, marcado por imenso sentimento de culpa. Destaca-se a importância do papel dapsicologia no processo de elaboração do luto e, a importância de um espaço de escuta, como o grupo, pois compartilhar a dor com outros pares tem sido uma forma eficaz de produzir meios que deem conta da dor da perda de um filho.
historicidade do racismo e sua manifestação na comunidade quilombola do Atalho
Authors: Fernandes Andréa Aparecida , Gonçalves Moreira Lara , Mota Rosa Laura Maria , Mundim Laurem Nayane , Silva Vicente de Paulo da
Published: January 2020

O racismo no Brasil esteve presente desde muito cedo. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é abordar o tema hoje na sociedade. Como metodologia foram utilizadas bibliografias que discorrem sobre o assunto, e visitas à uma Comunidade Quilombola, remanescente dos escravos, onde através de conversas informais com os moradores, contribuiu para o entendimento pratico do tema, ampliando os conhecimentos sobre os costumes, vivências, sentimentos e necessidades dessa população. Como resultado tem-se que mesmo muitas pessoas afirmando que o racismo não existe, foi possível verificar que sim, ele está presente, mesmo que não de forma exposta, ainda são muitas as pessoas que sofrem em diversas ocasiões, algumas mais extremas, chegando até à morte causada pelo ódio. Assim, essa população marginalizada por todos esses anos, continua resistindo para que permaneça a identidade afrodescendente, através de manifestos em busca de seus direitos.
Towards a disrupted idleness Literary transmission and the crisis of experience in Walter Benjamin
Authors: Cuenca Jaime
Published: January 2020

Las aportaciones del pensamiento de Walter Benjamin en torno al ocio parecen quedar al margen del renovado interés con que se estudia su obra. Aquí se tratará de mostrarse cómo los conceptos de ocio y ociosidad están estrechamente relacionados con algunos de los hilos conductores centrales de sus escritos. Se discutirá el papel que atribuye Benjamin a los diversos modos de transmisión literaria en la conformación de la experiencia, identificándose la posición relativa del ocio en cada caso, así como su función. Finalmente, se propondrá una interpretación sobre la tarea que este puede desempeñar en la orientación general emancipatoria de la obra de Benjamin
THE VAROUFAKIS-TSIPRAS LINE WAS DOOMED TO FAIL FROM THE WORD ‘GO’
Authors: TOUSSAINT ÉRIC
Published: January 2020

This article on Varoufakis’s book, Adults in The Room: My Battle with Europe’s Deep Establishment (2017) and about what happened in Greece in 2015 is a guide for left-leaning readers who are not happy with the dominant narrative meted out by the mainstream media and the Troika-controlled governments. These readers are also dissatisfied with the former Greek Finance Minister’s version. As a counterpoint to Varoufakis’s story, I have highlighted events that he is silent about, and I have expressed different views on what he should have done and what he did instead. My story runs parallel, and not opposite, to his.

It is crucial to thoroughly analyse the policy implemented by the Varoufakis-Tsipras government because, for the first time in the 21st century, a radical left-wing government was elected in Europe. If we want to avoid another disaster, it is absolutely vital to identify the flaws and understand what went wrong.

This critique of the Greek government’s policy in 2015 is not primarily meant to point out the respective responsibilities of Tsipras or Varoufakis as individuals. It is imperative to analyse the politico-economic orientation that was followed, so that we can ascertain the causes of failure, understand what could have been tried instead, and learn what a radical left-wing government can do in a country in the periphery of the Eurozone.
Metalinguistic knowledge about the native language and language transfer in gender assignment
Authors: Vanhove Jan
Published: January 2020

Whereas Standard Dutch only distinguishes between two adnominal grammatical genders, substandard varieties of Belgian Dutch distinguish between three such genders. German, too, distinguishes between three genders. Nevertheless, when assigning gender to German nouns with Dutch cognates, speakers of Belgian Dutch are strongly influenced by Standard Dutch gender but to a much lesser degree (if at all) by substandard gender. On the hypothesis that a lack of metalinguistic knowledge about L1 substandard gender decreases its use as a source for transfer, I experimentally manipulated the metalinguistic knowledge about L1 substandard gender of 45 speakers of substandard Belgian Dutch varieties. I then assessed how strongly this manipulation affected the participants’ reliance on substandard gender distinctions when they assigned gender to L2 German nouns with Dutch cognates. Results confirm the strong influence of Standard Dutch, hint at a weak influence of substandard Dutch, and show no appreciable effect of the experimental manipulation.
Research on Bankruptcy Trustee’s Right of Rescission of Contract
Authors: Song Shuxia , Xu Luobing , Wang Feimin
Published: January 2020

Article 18, paragraph 1, of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Enterprise Bankruptcy gives the bankruptcy trustee the right to rescind the performance of executory contract. It also stipulates the time limit and legal effect, but it does not further set standards and restrict the rescission of specific contracts. The purpose of This Paper is to explore and establish norms for the exercise of bankruptcy trustee’s rescission rights under different situations to meet the practical needs. Based on the research results of domestic and foreign scholars, this paper puts forward the standard of “Special Interest Protection for Specific Creditors” to balance the interest conflicts between individual creditors, debtors and other creditors. Finally, this paper argues that it is necessary to set certain standards and make appropriate restrictions on the exercise of the bankruptcy trustee’s right to rescission the contract and improve the system.