bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 260 Isolates of Aspergillus Section Flavi Obtained from Sesame Seeds in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Ajmal Maryam , Alshannaq Ahmad F. , Moon Heungyun , Choi Dasol , Akram Abida , Nayyar Brian Gagosh , Gibbons John G. , Yu Jae-Hyuk
Published: February 2022

Sesame Sesamum indicum L. is a major oil-based seed crop that has been widely cultivated and consumed in Pakistan. Unfortunately, sesame is highly prone to Aspergillus fungal growth in the field, and under inappropriate storage conditions can become contaminated with aflatoxins, the most potent carcinogen found in nature. Here, we have isolated a high number of Aspergillus isolates from sesame seeds in fresh and stored conditions obtained from rainfed and irrigated zones of Punjab, Pakistan, and characterized them for aflatoxigenic potentials. Using morphological identification techniques, 260 isolates were grouped as potential Aspergillus section Flavi, with 126 and 134 originating from the rainfed and irrigated zones, respectively. Out of 260 in total, 188 isolates were confirmed to produce aflatoxins. There were no significant differences in potential aflatoxigenic isolates with respect to the rainfed and irrigated zones. However, the number of potential aflatoxigenic isolates was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in stored samples than that of those from fresh sesame seeds in the rainfed and irrigated zone. Whole genome sequencing and comparative analyses of 12 select isolates have revealed that one of the A. flavus isolates, which produced very low aflatoxins (AFP10), has an elevated missense variant rate, numerous high impact mutations, and a 600 base pair deletion in the norB gene. In summary, our study provides insights into aflatoxigenic potential and the associated genetic diversity of indigenous Aspergillus section Flavi isolates and potential management strategies for reducing aflatoxin contamination levels in a major crop consumed in Punjab, Pakistan.
Low-Concentration T-2 Toxin Attenuates Pseudorabies Virus Replication in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells
Authors: Xiong Kuankuan , Tan Lei , Yi Siliang , Wu Yingxin , Hu Yi , Wang Aibing , Yang Lingchen
Published: February 2022

Pseudorabies, caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), is the main highly infectious disease that severely affects the pig industry globally. T-2 toxin (T2), a significant mycotoxin, is widely spread in food and feeds and shows high toxicity to mammals. The potential mechanism of the interaction between viruses and toxins is of great research value because revealing this mechanism may provide new ideas for their joint prevention and control. In this study, we investigated the effect of T2 on PRV replication and the mechanism of action. The results showed that at a low dose (10 nM), T2 had no significant effect on porcine kidney 15 (PK15) cell viability. However, this T2 concentration alleviated PRV-induced cell injury and increased cell survival time. Additionally, the number of PK15 cells infected with PRV significantly reduced by T2 treatment. Similarly, T2 significantly decreased the copy number of PRV. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that 10 nM T2 significantly inhibits PRV replication and leads to downregulation of oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related genes. These results suggest that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the inhibition of PRV replication in PK15 cells by low-concentration T2. Taken together, we demonstrated the protective effects of T2 against PRV infection. A low T2 concentration inhibited the replication of PRV in PK15 cells, and this process was accompanied by downregulation of the oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling pathways. Our findings partly explain the interaction mechanism between T2 and PRV, relating to oxidative stress and apoptosis, though further research is required.
𝒩 = 1 Curves on Generalized Coulomb Branches of Supersymmetric Gauge Theories
Authors: Bourton Thomas , Pomoni Elli , Zhang Xinyu
Published: February 2022

We study the low energy effective dynamics of four-dimensional N=1 superconformal theories on their generalized Coulomb branch. The low energy effective gauge couplings are naturally encoded in algebraic curves X, which we derive for general values of the couplings and mass deformations. We then recast these IR curves X to the UV or M-theory form C: the punctured Riemann surfaces on which the M5 branes are compactified giving the four-dimensional theories. We find that the UV curves C and their corresponding meromorphic differentials take the same form as those for their mother four-dimensional N=2 theories of class S. They have the same poles, and their residues are functions of all the exactly marginal couplings and the bare mass parameters which we can compute exactly.
The Art and Science of Urban Gun Violence Reduction: Evidence from the Advance Peace Program in Sacramento, California
Authors: Corburn Jason , Nidam Yael , Fukutome-Lopez Amanda
Published: February 2022

Urban gun violence is a critical human health and social justice issue. Strategies to reduce urban gun violence are increasingly being taken out of the domain of police and into community-based programs. One such community-driven gun violence reduction program analyzed here is called Advance Peace. Advance Peace (AP) uses street outreach workers as violence interrupters and adult mentors to support the decision making and life chances of those at the center of urban gun violence. We reported on the impact Advance Peace had on gun violence and program participants in the City of Sacramento, California, from 2018–2019. Using an interrupted time series model, we attributed a gun violence reduction of 18% city wide and up to 29% in one of the AP target neighborhoods from the intervention. We also found that of the 50 participants in the Advance Peace Sacramento program 98% were alive, 90% did not have a new gun charge or arrest, 84% reported an improved outlook on life, all received cognitive behavioral therapy, and 98% reported that their AP outreach worker was one of the most important adults in their life. Advance Peace is a viable community-driven, urban gun violence, and healing-focused program.
Hepatitis C Screening and Treatment Program in Hungarian Prisons in the Era of Direct Acting Antiviral Agents
Authors: Werling Klára , Hunyady Béla , Makara Mihály , Nemesi Krisztina , Horváth Gábor , Schneider Ferenc , Enyedi Judit , Müller Zsófia , Lesch Miklós , Péterfi Zoltán , Tóth Tamás , Gács Judit , Fehér Zsuzsanna , Ujhelyi Eszter , Molnár Emese , Nemes Nagy Anna
Published: February 2022

A hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and treatment program was conducted in Hungarian prisons on a voluntary basis. After HCV-RNA testing and genotyping for anti-HCV positives, treatments with direct-acting antiviral agents were commenced by hepatologists who visited the institutions monthly. Patients were supervised by the prisons’ medical staff. Data were retrospectively collected from the Hungarian Hepatitis Treatment Registry, from the Health Registry of Prisons, and from participating hepatologists. Eighty-four percent of Hungarian prisons participated, meaning a total of 5779 individuals (28% of the inmate population) underwent screening. HCV-RNA positivity was confirmed in 317/5779 cases (5.49%); 261/317 (82.3%) started treatment. Ninety-nine percent of them admitted previous intravenous drug use. So far, 220 patients received full treatment and 41 patients are still on treatment. Based on the available end of treatment (EOT) + 24 weeks timepoint data, per protocol sustained virologic response rate was 96.8%. In conclusion, the Hungarian prison screening and treatment program, with the active participation of hepatologists and the prisons’ medical staff, is a well-functioning model. Through the Hungarian experience, we emphasize that the “test-and-treat” principle is feasible and effective at micro-eliminating HCV in prisons, where infection rate, as well as history of intravenous drug usage, are high.
Academ Virus, a Novel Hantavirus in the Siberian Mole (Talpa altaica) from Russia
Authors: Yashina Liudmila N. , Panov Victor V. , Abramov Sergey A. , Smetannikova Natalia A. , Luchnikova Ekaterina M. , Dupal Tamara A. , Krivopalov Anton V. , Arai Satoru , Yanagihara Richard
Published: February 2022

To date, six hantavirus species have been detected in moles (family Talpidae). In this report, we describe Academ virus (ACDV), a novel hantavirus harbored by the Siberian mole (Talpa altaica) in Western Siberia. Genetic analysis of the complete S-, M-, and partial L-genomic segments showed that ACDV shared a common evolutionary origin with Bruges virus, previously identified in the European mole (Talpa europaea), and is distantly related to other mole-borne hantaviruses. Co-evolution and local adaptation of genetic variants of hantaviruses and their hosts, with possible reassortment events, might have shaped the evolutionary history of ACDV.
Salmon Erythrocytes Sequester Active Virus Particles in Infectious Salmon Anaemia
Authors: Fosse Johanna Hol , Aamelfot Maria , Sønstevold Tonje , Weli Simon Chioma , Vendramin Niccolò , Petersen Petra Elisabeth , Solhaug Anita , Amundsen Marit Måsøy , Heffernan Inger Austrheim , Cuenca Argelia , Christiansen Debes Hammershaimb , Falk Knut
Published: February 2022

Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) binds circulating Atlantic salmon erythrocytes, but the relevance of this interaction for the course of infection and development of disease remains unclear. We here characterise ISAV-erythrocyte interactions in experimentally infected Atlantic salmon and show that ISAV-binding to erythrocytes is common and precedes the development of disease. Viral RNA and infective particles were enriched in the cellular fraction of blood. While erythrocyte-associated ISAV remained infectious, erythrocytes dose-dependently limited the infection of cultured cells. Surprisingly, immunostaining of blood smears revealed expression of ISAV proteins in a small fraction of erythrocytes in one of the examined trials, confirming that ISAV can be internalised in this cell type and engage the cellular machinery in transcription and translation. However, viral protein expression in erythrocytes was rare and not required for development of disease and mortality. Furthermore, active transcription of ISAV mRNA was higher in tissues than in blood, supporting the assumption that ISAV replication predominantly takes place in endothelial cells. In conclusion, Atlantic salmon erythrocytes bind ISAV and sequester infective virus particles during infection, but do not appear to significantly contribute to ISAV replication. We discuss the implications of our findings for infection dynamics and pathogenesis of infectious salmon anaemia.
Lack of Fetal Protection against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in a Vaccinated Heifer
Authors: Klimowicz-Bodys Małgorzata D. , Polak Mirosław P. , Płoneczka-Janeczko Katarzyna , Bagnicka Emilia , Zbroja Dominika , Rypuła Krzysztof
Published: February 2022

The aim of the report was to present the circulation of BVDV (bovine viral diarrhea virus) in the cattle population and determine the cause of the failure of vaccination failure leading to the birth of the PI (persistently infected) calf. The case study was carried out at the BVDV-free animal breeding center and cattle farm, where the vaccination program against BVDV was implemented in 2012, and each newly introduced animal was serologically and virologically tested for BVDV. In this case, a blood sample was taken from a 9-month-old breeding bull. Positive RT-PCR and negative ELISA serology results were obtained. The tests were repeated at 2-week intervals, and the results confirmed the presence of the virus and the absence of specific antibodies, i.e., persistent infection. Additionally, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed, and the BVDV-1d subgenotype was detected. The results of this study showed that pregnant heifers and cows that are vaccinated multiple times with the killed vaccine containing BVDV-1a may not be fully protected against infection with other subgenotypes of BVDV, including their fetuses, which can become PI calves.
Ferristatin II Efficiently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Vero Cells
Authors: Sokolov Alexey , Isakova-Sivak Irina , Grudinina Natalia , Mezhenskaya Daria , Litasova Elena , Kostevich Valeria , Stepanova Ekaterina , Rak Alexandra , Sychev Ivan , Kirik Olga , Rudenko Larisa
Published: February 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to have a significant impact on global public health. Multiple mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry have been described; however, the role of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) in SARS-CoV-2 infection has received little attention. We used ferristatin II to induce the degradation of TfR1 on the surface of Vero cells and to study the consequences of such treatment on the viability of the cells and the replication of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrated that ferristatin II is non-toxic for Vero cells in concentrations up to 400 µM. According to confocal microscopy data, the distribution of the labeled transferrin and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Spike protein is significantly affected by the 18h pretreatment with 100 µM ferristatin II in culture medium. The uptake of RBD protein is nearly fully inhibited by ferristatin II treatment, although this protein remains bound on the cell surface. The findings were well confirmed by the significant inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero cells by ferristatin II with IC50 values of 27 µM (for Wuhan D614G virus) and 40 µM (for Delta virus). A significant reduction in the infectious titer of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant was noted at a ferristatin II concentration as low as 6.25 µM. We hypothesize that ferristatin II blocks the TfR1-mediated SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry; however, further studies are needed to elucidate the full mechanisms of this virus inhibition, including the effect of ferristatin II on other SARS-CoV-2 receptors, such as ACE2, Neuropilin-1 and CD147. The inhibition of viral entry by targeting the receptor on the host cells, rather than the viral mutation-prone protein, is a promising COVID-19 therapeutic strategy.
Special Issue: Viral Infections in Companion Animals
Authors: Hosie Margaret J. , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina
Published: February 2022

Companion animals, such as cats, dogs, horses and exotic species, play an important role in society; more than 600 million cats and 900 million dogs live closely with humans worldwide [...]
Cell-Free DNA: Potential Application in COVID-19 Diagnostics and Management
Authors: Stawski Robert , Nowak Dariusz , Perdas Ewelina
Published: February 2022

WHO has declared COVID-19 as a worldwide, public health emergency. The elderly, pregnant women, and people with associated co-morbidities, including pulmonary disease, heart failure, diabetes, and cancer are the most predisposed population groups to infection. Cell-free DNA is a very commonly applied marker, which is elevated in various pathological conditions. However, it has a much higher sensitivity than standard biochemical markers. cfDNA appears to be an effective marker of COVID-19 complications, and also serves as a marker of certain underlying health conditions and risk factors of severe illness during COVID-19 infection. We aimed to present the possible mechanisms and sources of cfDNA released during moderate and severe infections. Moreover, we attempt to verify how efficiently cfDNA increase could be applied in COVID-19 risk assessment and how it corresponds with epidemiological data.
New Emergence of the Novel Pestivirus Linda Virus in a Pig Farm in Carinthia, Austria
Authors: Kiesler Alexandra , Schwarz Lukas , Riedel Christiane , Högler Sandra , Brunthaler René , Dimmel Katharina , Auer Angelika , Zaruba Marianne , Mötz Marlene , Seitz Kerstin , Ladinig Andrea , Lamp Benjamin , Rümenapf Till
Published: February 2022

Linda virus (LindaV) was first identified in a pig farm in Styria, Austria in 2015 and associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in newborn piglets. Since then, only one more LindaV affected farm was retrospectively discovered 10 km away from the initially affected farm. Here, we report the recent outbreak of a novel LindaV strain in a farrow-to-finish farm in the federal state Carinthia, Austria. No connection between this farm and the previously affected farms could be discovered. The outbreak was characterized by severe CT cases in several litters and high preweaning mortality. A herd visit two months after the onset of clinical symptoms followed by a diagnostic workup revealed the presence of several viremic six-week-old nursery pigs. These animals shed large amounts of virus via feces and saliva, implying an important epidemiological role for within- and between-herd virus transmission. The novel LindaV strain was isolated and genetically characterized. The findings underline a low prevalence of LindaV in the Austrian pig population and highlight the threat when introduced into a pig herd. Furthermore, the results urge the need to better understand the routes of persistence and transmission of this enigmatic pestivirus in the pig population.
Recombinant HBsAg of the Wild-Type and the G145R Escape Mutant, included in the New Multivalent Vaccine against Hepatitis B Virus, Dramatically Differ in their Effects on Leukocytes from Healthy Donors In Vitro
Authors: Konopleva Maria V. , Borisova Vera N. , Sokolova Maria V. , Semenenko Tatyana A. , Suslov Anatoly P.
Published: February 2022

Immune-escape hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants play an important role in HBV spread. Recently, the multivalent vaccine Bubo®-Unigep has been developed to protect against both wild-type HBV and the most significant G145R mutant. Here, we compared the effects of recombinant HBsAg antigens, wild-type and mutated at G145R, both included in the new vaccine, on activation of a human high-density culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro. The antigens were used either alone or in combination with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). None of the antigens alone affected the expression of CD40, HLA-DR or CD279. Wild-type HBsAg enhanced CD86 and CD69 expression, and induced TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ, regardless of the anti-HBsAg status of donor. In the presence of PHA, wild-type HBsAg had no effect on either of the tested surface markers, but increased IFN-γ and IL-10 and inhibited IL-2. In contrast, the G145R mutant alone did not affect CD86 expression, it induced less CD69, and stimulated IL-2 along with lowering levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ. The G145R mutant also suppressed PHA-induced activation of CD69. The dramatic differences in the immune responses elicited by wild-type HBsAg and the G145R mutant HBsAg suggest distinct adaptive capabilities of the G145R mutant HBV.
Perceived COVID-19 Vaccine Pressure in the Caribbean: Exploring a New Stressor–Strain Phenomenon in the Pandemic
Authors: Devonish Dwayne , Dulal-Arthur Teixiera
Published: February 2022

This research introduced the new construct of ‘perceived COVID-19 vaccine pressure’ (i.e., the psychological strain associated with societal demands on vaccine taking) and examined the initial psychometric properties of a newly proposed measure. The study surveyed 411 Barbadian respondents to examine their level of perceived COVID-19 vaccine pressure using an online survey modality. The results revealed strong and robust psychometric properties for the scale and its unidimensionality. Younger and employed respondents as well as those working in the tourism and hospitality and government (public) sectors experienced the greatest internalised vaccine pressure relative to other respondent groups. Only initial/preliminary evidence of the scale’s validity and reliability was revealed by this cross-sectional study. A follow-up study (using CFA on a new sample) is needed to provide stronger evidence for its validity and reliability. Understanding the dynamics of perceived or internalised vaccine pressure might help explain the positive or negative effects of societal pressure and its implications for vaccine hesitancy and other vaccine-related attitudes and behaviours. The study is the first to conceptually discuss and empirically examine the mental health strain occasioned by societal demands placed on individuals to take a COVID-19 vaccine.
Mid-Channel Braid-Bar-Induced Turbulent Bursts: Analysis Using Octant Events Approach
Authors: Khan Mohammad Amir , Sharma Nayan , Pu Jaan H. , Alfaisal Faisal M. , Alam Shamshad , Garg Rishav , Qamar Mohammad Obaid
Published: February 2022

In a laboratory, a model of a mid-channel bar is built to study the turbulent flow structures in its vicinity. The present study on the turbulent flow structure around a mid-channel bar is based on unravelling the fluvial fluxes triggered by the bar’s 3D turbulent burst phenomenon. To this end, the three-dimensional velocity components are measured with the help of acoustic doppler velocimetry (ADV). The results indicate that the transverse component of turbulent kinetic energy cannot be neglected when analyzing turbulent burst processes, since the dominant flow is three-dimensional around the mid-channel bar. Due to the three-dimensionality of flow, the octant events approach is used for analyzing the flow in the vicinity of the mid-channel bar. The aim is to develop functional relationships between the stable movements that are modelled in the present study. To find the best Markov chain order to present experimental datasets, the zero-, first-, and second-order Markov chains are analyzed using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The parameter transition ratio has evolved in this research to reflect the linkage of streambed elevation changes with stable transitional movements. For a better understanding of the temporal behaviors of stable transitional movements, the residence time vs. frequency graphs are also plotted for scouring as well as for depositional regions. The study outcome herein underlines the usefulness of the octant events approach for characterizing turbulent bursts around mid-channel bar formation, which is a precursor to the initiation of braiding configuration.
Revisiting Flood Hazard Assessment Practices under a Hybrid Stochastic Simulation Framework
Authors: Efstratiadis Andreas , Dimas Panagiotis , Pouliasis George , Tsoukalas Ioannis , Kossieris Panagiotis , Bellos Vasilis , Sakki Georgia-Konstantina , Makropoulos Christos , Michas Spyridon
Published: February 2022

We propose a novel probabilistic approach to flood hazard assessment, aiming to address the major shortcomings of everyday deterministic engineering practices in a computationally efficient manner. In this context, the principal sources of uncertainty are defined across the overall modeling procedure, namely, the statistical uncertainty of inferring annual rainfall maxima through distribution models that are fitted to empirical data, and the inherently stochastic nature of the underlying hydrometeorological and hydrodynamic processes. Our work focuses on three key facets, i.e., the temporal profile of storm events, the dependence of flood generation mechanisms on antecedent soil moisture conditions, and the dependence of runoff propagation over the terrain and the stream network on the intensity of the flood event. These are addressed through the implementation of a series of cascade modules, based on publicly available and open-source software. Moreover, the hydrodynamic processes are simulated by a hybrid 1D/2D modeling approach, which offers a good compromise between computational efficiency and accuracy. The proposed framework enables the estimation of the uncertainty of all flood-related quantities, by means of empirically derived quantiles for given return periods. Lastly, a set of easily applicable flood hazard metrics are introduced for the quantification of flood hazard.
Identify Priority Control Pollutants and Areas of Groundwater in an Old Metropolitan Industrial Area—A Case Study of Putuo, Shanghai, China
Authors: Yuan Chuan-Zheng , Wang Xiang-Rong
Published: February 2022

Industrial activities have raised widespread concerns about groundwater pollution and human health. Shanghai’s industrial land has been polluting the groundwater for more than 30 years; however, it is not clear whether it poses a risk to human health. This study explores the health risk degree in different groups of groundwater in old industrial areas in Shanghai, China. We selected eight heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Hg, Pb, Cu, and Zn) as the research objects and analyzed the characteristics of concentrations and spatial distribution using single factor index and geostatistical analytical methods. Results indicated that the average concentrations of As and Hg were higher than the environmental standards. Meanwhile, As, Ni, Hg and Pb in groundwater were notable anthropogenic inputs. Compared with irrigation cropland, the pollution of Ni, Pb and As in industrial land was obviously more serious. In addition, the health risk assessment results indicated the priority control pollutants of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk are As and Cr, respectively. Our results showed that human activities have deeply increased heavy metal concentrations in groundwater, which in turn poses risks to human health. These findings provide scientific support for urban managers to reduce residents’ drinking water risks.
Uncoupled Precipitation and Water Availability: The Case Study of Municipality of Sfakia, Crete, Greece
Authors: Tzanakakis Vasileios A. , Pavlaki Aikaterini , Lekkas Emmanouil , Varouchakis Emmanouil A. , Paranychianakis Nikolaos V. , Fasarakis Giorgos , Angelakis Andreas N.
Published: February 2022

Sfakia is a mountainous municipality located in the southwestern area of the island of Crete, including the southern part of the Lefka Ori Mountain, with an elevation ranging from sea level to over 2400 m. The mountainous massif mainly consists of carbonate rocks and intense karstic phenomena can be observed. The part of the area exceeding over the elevation of 600 m is characterized by high amounts of precipitation (1500 mm). Despite this high precipitation, the water availability in the area is low. This work aims to identify the factors that affect the water-resources availability in this area. In addition, issues related to proper water management are presented and discussed that will allow areas with similar characteristics to adapt to climate change. Our study identified the complex geological setting of the area that redirects water away of the hydrological basin (karsts) and the geomorphology that favors precipitation loss through runoff as the most important factors for the low availability of water resources. This paper attempts to create a base of discussion for similar cases worldwide by providing a framework of approaching scientifically analogous problems.
Oxidation of Aqueous Dexamethasone Solution by Gas-Phase Pulsed Corona Discharge
Authors: Onga Liina , Kattel-Salusoo Eneliis , Trapido Marina , Preis Sergei
Published: February 2022

The most widely used anti-inflammatory corticosteroid dexamethasone (DXM), frequently detected in waterbodies due to its massive consumption and incomplete removal in wastewater treatment processes, was experimentally studied for oxidation with gas-phase pulsed corona discharge (PCD) varied in pulse repetition frequency, pH, DXM initial concentration and additions of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). The experimental study also included ozonation as compared to PCD in energy efficiency. The advantageous energy efficiency of PCD was observed in wide spans of pH and DXM initial concentrations surpassing ozonation by about 2.4 times. Identified transformation by- and end-products (fluoride and acetate), as well as the impact of radical scavengers, point to the prevalent radical oxidation of DXM. Somewhat increased toxicity observed on the course of PCD-treatment of high DXM concentrations presents a subject for further studies.
Refinements and Analysis of the Optical-Microwave Scintillometry Method Applied to Measurements over a Vineyard in Chile
Authors: Aguirre Francisca , Hartogensis Oscar , Meza Francisco , Suárez Francisco
Published: February 2022

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the hydrological cycle, and it links water and energy budgets in the form of latent heat (LvE) released into the atmosphere. However, ET is difficult to measure and is not always well described in arid regions. Thus, novel techniques are required for its accurate measurement. Scintillometers are an interesting alternative for traditional methods, such as Eddy Covariance systems (EC). Scintillometer studies have reported good results, but their signals can present unwanted contributions that result in incorrect heat fluxes. In this study, scintillometer data showed unrealistic heat flux values, and thus, the data were reprocessed through spectral analysis to eliminate unwanted contributions from electronic noise, absorption, and tripod vibrations using a new proposed data cleaning method. After performing the spectral cleaning method, scintillometer-based heat fluxes were calculated using several methods: (i) the standalone LAS method, (ii) Hill model, (iii) Lüdi et al. model, and (iv) a hybrid model between Hill and Lüdi et al. Furthermore, a Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) analysis was performed to evaluate the fluxes’ sensitivity to the choice of the similarity functions. Corrected sensible heat flux (H) estimations agreed well with those obtained with an EC system. However, considerable differences were found for LvE (and, consequently, ET). The Lüdi et al. model LvE estimates were closer to those obtained with the EC system, overestimating it by 14%, with a correlation slope of 1.07, R2 = 0.91, and a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.90. Furthermore, it was found that using different Monin–Obukhov similarity functions resulted in more than ±12% of difference on the estimated LvE. For future works, it is strongly recommended to apply the proposed spectral cleaning method as it greatly improves scintillometer data.
Surface Drainage Systems Operating during Heavy Rainfall—A Comparative Analysis between Two Small Flysch Catchments Located in Different Physiographic Regions of the Western Carpathians (Poland)
Authors: Kroczak Rafał , Bryndal Tomasz , Żychowski Józef
Published: February 2022

In this study, the river system and the surface drainage system (SDS) operating during heavy rainfall in two Carpathian catchments located in foothills and medium-high mountain areas were compared. The results revealed that regardless of the differences in the river systems and physiographical parameters of the catchments, the SDS operating during heavy rainfall becomes similar. This similarity is reflected in the density of the SDS (11.5–12.2 km·km−2) and the structure of the SDS, confirmed by Hortonian-type analysis. This similarity in the SDS was discussed in the context of the geomorphological transformation of the hillslopes and the hydrological response of a catchment to heavy rainfall.
Benefits of integration of budget pricing and budgeting in construction
Authors:   Moscow state construction university, Tolmachev A. I.
Published: February 2022

The comparative analysis of the essence and functions of budget pricing and budgeting in the construction organization is carried out in the article. The author supports the point of view, that the integration of estimates and the budgetary management is possible. He believes, that can give certain benefits for the construction organization and allows to increase the efficiency of its activity. The scheme of transformation of the system of budget documentation in the system of budgets is offered.
Green construction
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Morozova D. V. , Kunitskaya T. S. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: February 2022

In view of the threat of global climate change and the depletion of natural resources, the construction of buildings using new technologies is of great importance. The authors of the article consider a new technology of construction and operation of buildings — green construction. The main principles, as well as advantages and disadvantages of modern environmental technology were highlighted. The comparison of two certification systems of green buildings — BREEAM and LEED. Conclusions are drawn that green construction is promising, but it still needs a lot of time and economic resources to become the most preferred direction in its field.
CPLEX-basierte Produktionsablaufplanung
Authors: Herdt Anika , Scheidig Marcel , Jentner Chris , Sand Guido
Published: February 2022

Das Ziel dieses Projektes ist, die bestehende tägliche Produktionsablaufplanung in der Handgalvanik bei dem Lohngalvanikbetrieb C. Jentner GmbH mit Hilfe eines mathematischen Modells zu optimie-ren. Hierfür wurde das Flexible-Job-Shop-Modell von Ziaee ([1], S. 91-95) ausgewählt und auf die Gegebenheiten vor Ort angepasst. Es gehört zu den MILP-Problemen (mixed integer linear programming- gemischt ganzzahlige Programmierung). Bei der Verwendung des Modells für die Praxis stellt die Modellgröße, die benötigt wird, um die Vorgänge in der Produktion ausreichend abbilden zu können, ein Problem dar. Diese führt zu langen Lösungszeiten, die für den täglichen Einsatz in der Produktionsablaufplanung ungeeignet sind. Zur Lösung dieses Problems wurde ein problemspezifisches Verfahren basierend auf Aggregations- und Dekompositionstechniken entwickelt. Durch Anwendung dieses Verfahrens kann die Problemgröße für den Solver klein und so die Lösungszeit in einem für die tägliche Produktionsablaufplanung annehmbaren Rahmen gehalten werden.
GAMBARAN KARIES GIGI SERTA KEBIASAAN MAKAN MAKANAN KARIOGENIK PADA SISWA SDN 5 ABIANSEMAL TAHUN 2018
Authors: Wirata I Nyoman , Arini Ni Wayan , Supariani Ni Nyoman Dewi , Diantini Kadek
Published: February 2022

School-aged children are one of the most vulnerable groups of caries, because they generally have lack of knowledge and behavior about oral health, such as the habit of consuming cariogenic foods that trigger the dental caries. The purpose of this research is to know the caries description and the habit of consuming cariogenic food in students of SDN 5 Abiansemal in 2018. The technique used in this research is descriptive technique with the number of respondents 44 students. The result of the research on 44 students of SDN 5 Abiansemal shows the average of caries permanent teeth in students of SDN 5 Abiansemal is 1,61. The permanent caries mode of teeth is the tooth 46 ( teeth first permanent mandibular molar of the right lower). The frequency of students who have the habit of consuming most cariogenic foods is moderate category (2 times a day) that is 52, 3%. The frequency of students with caries teeth based on the dietary habits of cariogenic foods isfrom 7 students who have the habit of eating cariogenic foods high ( 3 times a day) as many as 7 students(100%) had caries teeth with an average dental caries 3,42 means that one student experiences three to four caries teeth. These results suggest that students who consume high-categorical cariogenic foods tend to experience more dental caries.
PERBEDAAN BILANGAN PEROKSIDA PADA MINYAK JELANTAH SETELAH PENAMBAHAN BUBUK KULIT MANGGIS (Garcinia Mangostana Linn)
Authors: Putri Dhyana
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground Damage to oil during the frying process caused by the oxidation process, it will affect the quality and nutritional value of the food that fried, and it can cause a variety of diseases such as the deposition of fat in the blood vessels and the possibility of carcinogenic compounds that can cause cancer. The rate of oxidation of the oil can be inhibited by the addition of antioxidants. Antioxidants retard oxidation or free radicals from oxidized fats. As a natural antioxidant, mangosteen pericarp contains xanthones that are very effective in preventing the occurrence of free radicals. The problem in this study is whether there is a difference numbers peroxide in used cooking oils after addition of the mangosteen pericarp powdered? Objective The purpose of research is to know the difference peroxide used cooking oil after the addition of the mangosteen pericarp powdered.Methods This type of research is True Exsperiment Design by Design Post Test Only with Control Design. The treatments were the addition of the mangosteen pericarp powdered in some concentration : 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.30%, 0.40% and 0.50%, and the soaking time mangosteen pericarp powder on used cooking oil during one day, two days and three days. The analysis was conducted using peroxide iodometri. Data analysis was conducted by using One Way Anova. followed by Least Significant Different (LSD).Result Data analysis showed a significant difference peroxide in used cooking oils after addition of mangosteen pericarp powder at various concentrations. Conclusions The most effective concentration is 0.30%, and the soaking time is one  day. Keywords: Numbers peroxide, mangosteen pericarp
¿Pueden utilizarse las instituciones estatales para reivindicar los idiomas indígenas?
Authors: Limerick Nicholas
Published: February 2022

¿Qué oportunidades y desafíos se presentan en la recuperación de las lenguas indígenas dentro de las instituciones estatales? Este artículo analiza el caso de la educación intercultural bilingüe en Ecuador. El sistema escolar es notablemente una iniciativa a nivel nacional dirigida por y para los pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas. A partir de dos años de investigación etnográfica en las oficinas de la dirección nacional del sistema escolar y en las escuelas, describo tres desafíos que han surgido para los directores y que están vinculados a las oficinas y expectativas del Estado nacional. En última instancia, el kichwa es más destacado que nunca, incluso cuando este idioma cambia en algunos sentidos a partir de la planeación lingüística y el apoyo nacionales. El caso muestra la importancia de comprender los dobles obstáculos en los esfuerzos de revitalización lingüística.
Honeycomb-Like Hydrogel Microspheres for 3D Bulk Construction of Tumor Models
Authors: He Jiachen , Chen Chichi , Chen Liang , Cheng Ruoyu , Sun Jie , Liu Xingzhi , Wang Lin , Zhu Can , Hu Sihan , Xue Yuan , Lu Jian , Yang Huiling , Cui Wenguo , Shi Qin
Published: February 2022

A two-dimensional (2D) cell culture-based model is widely applied to study tumorigenic mechanisms and drug screening. However, it cannot authentically simulate the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment of solid tumors and provide reliable and predictable data in response to
in vivo
, thus leading to the research illusions and failure of drug screening. In this study, honeycomb-like gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel microspheres are developed by synchronous photocrosslinking microfluidic technique to construct a 3D model of osteosarcoma. The
in vitro
study shows that osteosarcoma cells (K7M2) cultured in 3D GelMA microspheres have stronger tumorous stemness, proliferation and migration abilities, more osteoclastogenetic ability, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs (DOX) than that of cells in 2D cultures. More importantly, the 3D-cultured K7M2 cells show more tumorigenicity in immunologically sound mice, characterized by shorter tumorigenesis time, larger tumor volume, severe bone destruction, and higher mortality. In conclusion, honeycomb-like porous microsphere scaffolds are constructed with uniform structure by microfluidic technology to massively produce tumor cells with original phenotypes. Those microspheres could recapitulate the physiology microenvironment of tumors, maintain cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, and thus provide an effective and convenient strategy for tumor pathogenesis and drug screening research.
The problem of block synthesis of missile preparation and start-up control system for missile complexes
Authors: Zvershkhovskyi Igor , Zirka Mariya , Petushkov Volodymyr , Kuchynska Oksana
Published: February 2022

According to the analysis of trends in the use and development of missile weapons, it is shown that in the coming decades such weapons (missile, anti-aircraft missile, anti-ship systems) will remain one of the main units of the armed forces of the advanced  countries. At the same time, in the conditions of independent Ukraine there is a need to create its own production of appropriate  samples in a “closed cycle”. The synthesis of such weapons includes conducting comprehensive research on the principles of construction and operation of their basic elements, namely: substantiation of algorithms for launch equipment, control systems and navigation of missiles. The article deals with an example of a general solution to the problem.
Дослідження резонансних властивостей пристроїв перемикання на основі високотемпературного надпровідника
Authors: Фик Олександр Ілліч , Кучер Дмитро Борисович , Кучер Лариса Валентинівна
Published: February 2022

Результати експериментальних досліджень, викладених у відомих роботах, засвідчили, що у високотемпературному  надпровіднику під дією вхідного НВЧ-сигналу, коли створюється магнітне поле, рівень якого перевищує пороговий (Н>Hкр2), відбувається фазовий перехід надпровідника з надпровідного S в нормальний (резистивний) стан N (так званий процес  перемикання (переключення)). Встановлено, що можливо управляти амплітудно-частотною характеристикою надпровідника напругою або струмом, що  протікає. Тобто, можливо будувати перемикачі-обмежувачі на основі надпровідників, які знайдуть застосування у антенах,  вхідних колах охолоджуваних надвисокочастотних трактів тощо.Найбільш практичними є пристрої на основі високотемпературних надпровідників, тому що їх робоча температура − це температура рідкого азоту, а швидкість перемикання становить менше 1 наносекунди. Однак, використання надпровідних  систем потребує врахування питань сумісності їх зі штатними пристроями та урахування іншої низки особливостей будови  НВЧ систем. Тобто, є сенс спершу окремо проаналізувати функціонування таких перемикачів, а потім в структурі будови  штатної НВЧ системи.У статті проводиться дослідження властивостей лише окремих перемикачів (фільтрів вимикачів та обмежувачів) на основі  високотемпературних надпровідних тонких плівок з метою вироблення принципів та критеріїв, які можуть бути основою  здійснення автоматизованого проєктування розглянутих швидкодіючих надпровідних НВЧ-пристроїв.Для вирішення поставленої розрахункової задачі використовується алгоритм аналізу резонансних систем комутації та визначаються відповідні параме-три та критерії: коефіцієнти пропускання, модуляції, загасання; параметр якості; резонансні  характеристики (частота, смуга, добротність).Результати розрахунків свідчать про необхідність застосування в сучасних НВЧ системах високотемпературних надпровідних швидкодіючих широкосмугових пристроїв (фазообертачів, обмежувачів, ліній затримки, комутаторів, тощо),  що дозволить зменшити втрати енергії в приймально-передавальному тракті, збільшити швидкість управління променем  антени в просторі, збільшити відношення сигнал-шум, підвищити захисні властивості прийомних тракту від  електромагнітної поразки.У статті приведені результати розрахунків характеристик перемикачів, виконаних на основі надпровідникових мікрополоскових ліній передачі. Показана можливість побудови швидкодіючих (час спрацьовування менше одиниць  наносекунд) перемикачів на основі надпровідності плівок в діапазоні частот 1 – 10 ГГц з часовими (швидкодія  спрацьовування, час відновлення) енергетичними параметрами (енергії переключення 10-10 Дж) та резонансними  характеристиками (частота, смуга, добротність), які значно кращі відповідних параметрів аналогічних пристроїв на основі напівпровідників.
Decentralization Of Information Using Blockchain Technology On Mobile Apps E-Journal
Authors: Agung Rizky  , Lutfiani Ninda , Sri Mariyati Wayan , Atika Sari Apriani , Febrianto Kurnia Rizky
Published: February 2022

Decentralization is the division of centralized power processes as a whole into separate ones. Blockchain technology is a basic technology that enables decentralization and gives all users the opportunity to become part of the validator or node for future transactions. The purpose of this research is to develop and develop a tamper-resistant E-Journal Mobile Application system using Blockchain Technology, which supports reliable and auditable computing using a decentralized network, not only that, this research can also develop and develop an E-Journal Application System. Cellular that is resistant to interference from hackers or system crashes. By using Blockchain technology, it can solve problems that are reliable and can be done and controlled using a decentralized network. with great hope that choosing this type of decentralized blockchain technology will be useful in preventing errors and errors in the system. This is one of the main strengths of Blockchain Technology. With this decentralized transaction log, it will not be easy and it is impossible for a database consisting of hundreds to thousands of computers to be hacked or tampered with easily. This research is a model that can be implemented as a Blockchain technology development on Mobile Apps E-journals. In this study will be made using 3 methods, namely the data analysis method, the analysis method using SWOT and the development method using a waterfall with a combination of the three methods will make this research more effective and efficient.
Evaluation of intracellular materials by biophotons released from cultured cells irradiated with atmospheric-pressure plasma
Authors: Hirata Takamichi , Takahashi Genu , Loordhuswamy Amalorpava Mary , Subramanian Anuradha , Mori Akira
Published: February 2022

Biophotons (i.e. photons emitted from living organisms) cause ultra-weak luminescence, induced by reactive oxygen species generated by redox reactions during intracellular respiration. Similarly, regarding the bio-application of atmospheric-pressure plasma in plasma medicine, the oxidative stress reaction by reactive species is involved in the proliferation and cell death of living tissues. We performed non-contact and non-invasive measurements of biophotons released from cultured cells immediately after plasma irradiation. Due to oxidative stress caused by reactive species generated by plasma irradiation, the release of biophotons from the cells and the production of nitric oxide were confirmed.
Differential signal balancer embedded in silicon LSI as smallest common-mode filter combined bifilar coupling inductors and stacked delay lines
Authors: Kameya Masaaki , Gofuku Eishi , Nakamura Kazuyuki
Published: February 2022

The new differential signal balancer embedded in the metal wiring layer of silicon LSI having increased wiring density and improved characteristics is developed. An internal delay line circuit is stacked vertically to obtain a larger delay time than the extended horizontally structure, and the two inductors for common-mode noise rejection are configured with a stacked bifilar winding structure to obtain higher effective coupling and lower parasitic resistance. Compared to the previous design, the common-mode rejection ratios at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz have been improved by 4.0 dB and 4.6 dB in a smaller area of 120 × 230 μm2, respectively.