bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orbital angular momentum contribution to angular dependent magnetoresistance in Tm3Fe5O12/Pt/CuOx films
Authors: Zhu Zhiqiang , Xu Xiaoguang , Meng Kangkang , Wu Yong , Jiang Yong
Published: May 2024

Recently, orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been experimentally proven to be an effective method for manipulating magnetic moments in magnetic metal systems. However, OAM cannot directly interact with magnetic insulators, as demonstrated by angular dependent magnetoresistance (ADMR) measurements. To further elucidate the effect of OAM on ADMR, a heavy metal layer was introduced between TmIG and CuOx. This allows the OAM to be transformed into spin angular momentum (SAM) via spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Comparing the ADMR of TmIG/Pt and TmIG/Pt/CuOx heterostructures, we confirmed that the transformed SAM maintains the polarized direction of OAM, leading to an increased magnetoresistance as the magnetic field rotated in yz-plane [MR(β)]. The contribution of OAM to MR(β) in the TmIG/Pt/CuOx heterostructure exhibits a similar temperature dependence to the spin Hall magnetoresistance in the TmIG/Pt heterostructure. Moreover, the contribution of OAM continuously increases with the thickness of the Pt layer, indicating a gradual transformation of OAM to SAM via SOC throughout the depth of the Pt layer. These findings not only reveal the diffusion process of OAM in the heavy metal Pt layer but also provide an important clue toward quantitatively understanding the OAM contribution to magnetization dynamics.
Sire: An interoperability engine for prototyping algorithms and exchanging information between molecular simulation programs
Authors: Woods Christopher J. , Hedges Lester O. , Mulholland Adrian J. , Malaisree Maturos , Tosco Paolo , Loeffler Hannes H. , Suruzhon Miroslav , Burman Matthew , Bariami Sofia , Bosisio Stefano , Calabro Gaetano , Clark Finlay , Mey Antonia S. J. S. , Michel Julien
Published: May 2024

Sire is a Python/C++ library that is used both to prototype new algorithms and as an interoperability engine for exchanging information between molecular simulation programs. It provides a collection of file parsers and information converters that together make it easier to combine and leverage the functionality of many other programs and libraries. This empowers researchers to use sire to write a single script that can, for example, load a molecule from a PDBx/mmCIF file via Gemmi, perform SMARTS searches via RDKit, parameterize molecules using BioSimSpace, run GPU-accelerated molecular dynamics via OpenMM, and then display the resulting dynamics trajectory in a NGLView Jupyter notebook 3D molecular viewer. This functionality is built on by BioSimSpace, which uses sire’s molecular information engine to interconvert with programs such as GROMACS, NAMD, Amber, and AmberTools for automated molecular parameterization and the running of molecular dynamics, metadynamics, and alchemical free energy workflows. Sire comes complete with a powerful molecular information search engine, plus trajectory loading and editing, analysis, and energy evaluation engines. This, when combined with an in-built computer algebra system, gives substantial flexibility to researchers to load, search for, edit, and combine molecular information from multiple sources and use that to drive novel algorithms by combining functionality from other programs. Sire is open source (GPL3) and is available via conda and at a free Jupyter notebook server at https://try.openbiosim.org. Sire is supported by the not-for-profit OpenBioSim community interest company.
On the two-dimensional Brillouin flow
Authors: Revolinsky Ryan , Swenson Christopher , Jordan Nicholas , Lau Y. Y. , Gilgenbach Ronald
Published: May 2024

The Brillouin flow is a rectilinear, sheared electron fluid flow in a crossed electric field (E) and magnetic field (B), in the E × B direction with zero flow velocity and zero electric field at the surface with which the flow is in contact. It is broadly considered as the equilibrium electron flow in high power crossed-field devices including the magnetron and magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator. This paper provides an examination of Brillouin flow in two dimensions, in a cylindrical geometry where the anode radius changes abruptly at a single axial location, while the cathode surface has a constant radius. Our simulation confirms the proof that there is no equilibrium Brillouin flow solution for such a geometry. It further reveals that this change in the anode radius introduces novel bunching of the electrons within the Brillouin hub. This bunching occurs at low frequencies and is very pronounced if the Brillouin flow is from the small gap region to the large gap region, but is minimal if the Brillouin flow is from the large gap region to the small gap region. New insights are provided into the physical processes that initiate and sustain the bunching processes that are unique for a crossed-field diode, as compared with a non-magnetized diode. We argue that this enhanced bunching, and its concomitant formation of strong vortices, is not restricted to an abrupt change in the anode–cathode gap spacing.
Electrostatics enable resonance energy transfer in all-InP quantum dot containing donor–acceptor assembly
Authors: Roy Pradyut , Sury Adhra S. , Pillai Pramod P.
Published: May 2024

Light-harvesting studies in donor–acceptor nanohybrid systems based on all-environmentally friendly quantum dots (QDs) are necessary to realize their applications in energy and medical research. Here, we demonstrate an efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process in an electrostatically bound all-QD based assembly comprised of indium phosphide/zinc sulfide (InP/ZnS) QDs as both the donor and the acceptor. A perfect control on the speed of nucleation and growth steps, along with appropriate surface functionalization with oppositely charged ligands, enabled an electrostatically bound all-QD donor–acceptor nanohybrid assembly comprising of green- and red-emitting InP/ZnS QDs. Detailed spectroscopic studies revealed the importance of electrostatic attraction in accomplishing an efficient FRET process (∼75%) from donor [+] G-InP/ZnS QDs to acceptor [−] R-InP/ZnS QDs. Further, solid-state studies helped in visualizing the distance-dependent nature of the FRET process at a fixed donor–acceptor ratio. The all-InP QD containing donor–acceptor nanohybrid assembly developed here could find applications in other light-harvesting studies as well, including photovoltaics and photocatalysis.
Coexistence of topological and bipolar magnetic semiconducting behavior in 2D metal-organic frameworks with a p-orbital coloring-triangle lattice
Authors: Zhao Bo , Xing Jianpei , Wang Peng , Zhao Jijun , Jiang Xue
Published: May 2024

The recent emergence of two-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) materials with nontrivial magnetic and electronic properties has attracted great interest in spintronics. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the synthesis of a coloring-triangle latticed 2D MOF by assembling 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (H6HOTP) species and threefold coordinated Mn atoms, namely, 2D Mn-HOTP. The electronic structure calculations shown that 2D Mn-HOTP exhibits coexistence of bipolar magnetic semiconducting and topological behavior. 2D Mn-HOTP is an intrinsic bipolar magnetic semiconductor with a small spin-flip band gap of 0.21 eV and relatively large spin-conserving band gaps of 0.34 and 0.74 eV. Electrical/hole doping can induce the transformation of 2D Mn-HOTP into half-metal conduction with controllable spin polarization direction. In addition, the organic HOTP ligands containing coloring-triangle lattice enable the formation of p-orbital single polarized Dirac cones and flat bands, which exhibit the topological properties such as nonzero Chern number and nontrivial edge states near the Fermi level. The Dirac points and flat bands can be selectively detected at the Fermi level with experimentally achievable electron and hole concentrations of 5.19 and 0.91 × 1013 cm−2, respectively. These results not only highlight that 2D Mn-HOTP MOF is a promising candidate for developing spintronic devices but also provide an ideal platform to explore kagome-like correlated quantum states.
Josephson voltage standards as ultra-stable low-noise voltage sources for precision Penning-trap experiments
Authors: Kaiser A. , Dickopf S. , Door M. , Behr R. , Beutel U. , Eliseev S. , Kaushik A. , Kromer K. , Müller M. , Palafox L. , Ulmer S. , Mooser A. , Blaum K.
Published: May 2024

A high-precision Penning-trap experiment was operated with a programmable 20 V Josephson voltage source, providing a significantly higher stability of the electrostatic trapping potential. This increased the motional frequency stability of a trapped ion by about a factor of two with respect to state-of-the-art voltage sources. An absolute axial frequency stability of 7.8(6) mHz corresponding to a relative precision of 9.7(8)×10−9 at 795 kHz was demonstrated using a trapped 9Be3+ ion as a measurement probe. The enhanced stability in the trapping potential opens up the possibility for improved determinations of the proton and antiproton magnetic moments and direct high-precision measurements of the nuclear magnetic moments of 2H, 3He, and 7Li. In the field of mass spectrometry, the developments will enable measurements of cyclotron frequency ratios and, thus, mass ratio measurements with unprecedented relative statistical uncertainties below the 10−12 level.
Development of Sb phase change thin films with high thermal stability and low resistance drift by alloying with Se
Authors: He Anyi , Zhu Jinyi , Wang Guoxiang , Lotnyk Andriy , Cremer Sonja , Chen Yimin , Shen Xiang
Published: May 2024

A single Sb phase demonstrates potential for use in phase change memory devices. However, the rapid crystallization of Sb at room temperature imposes limitations on its practical application. To overcome this issue, Sb is alloyed with Se using a reactive co-sputtering deposition technique, employing both Sb and Sb2Se3 sputter targets. This process results in the formation of Sb-rich Se thin films with varying compositions. Compared to pure Sb, the Sb-rich Se thin films exhibit enhanced thermal stability due to the formation of Sb–Se bonds and reduced resistance drift. In particular, the Sb86.6Se13.4 thin film demonstrates an exceptionally low resistance drift coefficient (0.004), a high crystallization temperature (Tc = 195 °C), a high 10-year data retention temperature (116.3 °C), and a large crystallization activation energy (3.29 eV). Microstructural analysis of the Sb86.6Se13.4 reveals the formation of a trigonal Sb phase with (012) texture at 250 °C, while Sb18Se and Sb2Se3 phases form at 300 °C. Conversely, the Sb98.3Se1.7 thin film shows the formation of the single Sb phase with (001) texture, a Tc of 145 °C, and a low resistance drift coefficient (0.011). Overall, this study demonstrates that the alloying strategy is a viable approach for enhancing thermal stability and reducing resistance drift in Sb-based phase-change materials.
Tunnel junction-enabled monolithically integrated GaN micro-light emitting transistor
Authors: Rahman Sheikh Ifatur , Awwad Mohammad , Joishi Chandan , Jamal-Eddine Zane , Gunning Brendan , Armstrong Andrew , Rajan Siddharth
Published: May 2024

GaN/InGaN microLEDs are a very promising technology for next-generation displays. Switching control transistors and their integration are key components in achieving high-performance, efficient displays. Monolithic integration of microLEDs with GaN switching devices provides an opportunity to control microLED output power with capacitive (voltage)-controlled rather than current-controlled schemes. This approach can greatly reduce system complexity for the driver circuit arrays while maintaining device opto-electronic performance. In this work, we demonstrate a 3-terminal GaN micro-light emitting transistor that combines a GaN/InGaN blue tunneling-based microLED with a GaN n-channel FET. The integrated device exhibits excellent gate control, drain current control, and optical emission control. This work provides a promising pathway for future monolithic integration of GaN FETs with microLED to enable fast switching, high-efficiency microLED display and communication systems.
Growth-adjusted impact factor
Authors: Phan-Thien Nhan , Giacomin Alan Jeffrey
Published: May 2024

The denominator of an impact factor is a number of publications over a two-year interval. For a growing journal, the number of publications in the second year of this interval exceeds the number in the first. The more rapid the growth, the greater this difference. Publications in the first year are, of course, older than those of the second year. Journal growth skews the cite contributions to the impact factor metric numerator to the second year of the denominator interval. Since second year papers have not been around as long as those in the first year, this skewing depresses a journal impact factor. We explore this impact factor growth penalty and, thus, arrive at a simple way to growth-adjust an impact factor.
Cetaceans are the next frontier for vocal rhythm research
Authors: Hersh Taylor A. , Ravignani Andrea , Whitehead Hal
Published: May 2024

While rhythm can facilitate and enhance many aspects of behavior, its evolutionary trajectory in vocal communication systems remains enigmatic. We can trace evolutionary processes by investigating rhythmic abilities in different species, but research to date has largely focused on songbirds and primates. We present evidence that cetaceans—whales, dolphins, and porpoises—are a missing piece of the puzzle for understanding why rhythm evolved in vocal communication systems. Cetaceans not only produce rhythmic vocalizations but also exhibit behaviors known or thought to play a role in the evolution of different features of rhythm. These behaviors include vocal learning abilities, advanced breathing control, sexually selected vocal displays, prolonged mother–infant bonds, and behavioral synchronization. The untapped comparative potential of cetaceans is further enhanced by high interspecific diversity, which generates natural ranges of vocal and social complexity for investigating various evolutionary hypotheses. We show that rhythm (particularly isochronous rhythm, when sounds are equally spaced in time) is prevalent in cetacean vocalizations but is used in different contexts by baleen and toothed whales. We also highlight key questions and research areas that will enhance understanding of vocal rhythms across taxa. By coupling an infraorder-level taxonomic assessment of vocal rhythm production with comparisons to other species, we illustrate how broadly comparative research can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the prevalence, evolution, and possible functions of rhythm in animal communication.
EHMT2-mediated transcriptional reprogramming drives neuroendocrine transformation in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Cheng , Ma Shuxiang , Zhang Jie , Han Yuchen , Wan Li , Zhou Wenlong , Dong Xiaoyu , Yang Weiming , Chen Yu , Gao Lingyue , Cui Wei , Jia Lina , Yang Jingyu , Wu Chunfu , Wang Qiming , Wang Lihui
Published: May 2024

The transformation of lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recognized resistance mechanism and a hindrance to therapies using epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The paucity of pretranslational/posttranslational clinical samples limits the deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms and the exploration of effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we developed preclinical neuroendocrine (NE) transformation models. Next, we identified a transcriptional reprogramming mechanism that drives resistance to erlotinib in NE transformation cell lines and cell-derived xenograft mice. We observed the enhanced expression of genes involved in the EHMT2 and WNT/β-catenin pathways. In addition, we demonstrated that EHMT2 increases methylation of the SFRP1 promoter region to reduce SFRP1 expression, followed by activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and TKI-mediated NE transformation. Notably, the similar expression alterations of EHMT2 and SFRP1 were observed in transformed SCLC samples obtained from clinical patients. Importantly, suppression of EHMT2 with selective inhibitors restored the sensitivity of NE transformation cell lines to erlotinib and delayed resistance in cell-derived xenograft mice. We identify a transcriptional reprogramming process in NE transformation and provide a potential therapeutic target for overcoming resistance to erlotinib.
西北漢語助詞「著」的比較研究
Authors: Fan Xiaolei
Published: May 2024

抽象的

漢語的助詞「著」是一個用於表達持續性事件的非完整體標記，北京話裡它緊附於謂詞上形成「V著O」式，用例如「墻上掛著畫」「他騎著車上學去了」。在中國太行山以西的北方漢語方言（簡稱「西北漢語」）裡，助詞「著」有一系列迥異於北京話「著」的語法表現。首先，西北漢語的「著」在標示非完整體時經常遠離謂詞而位於賓語之後，如「<寧夏中寧> 我寫作業著呢我正在寫作業」。而且，這種「VO著」式可表達的非完整體意義遠多於北京話的「V著O」式，如「<烏魯木齊>路堵死底呢路是堵死的狀態」。其次，甘肅、青海、新疆的西北漢語裡助詞「著」還可以插在兩個VP之間承擔「連鎖標記」的功能，如「<西寧>家抱住娃娃著餵奶著她正抱著孩子餵奶呢」，這種「VP1+著+VP2」式的連鎖結構偏離了漢語為「連動型語言」的基本模式。由於「著」的這些特異現象既不見於古漢語文獻，也不見於其他地區的漢語，我們便比較了中國西北民族語（蒙語、藏語、突厥語）的相應表達式，最終證實：西北漢語「著」的各種特異表現源於漢語跟西北民族語接觸引發的創新性演變，其演變機制代表了語言接觸性演變的一種新模式「妥協性創新」。簡言之，兩種語言如果類型迥異，在接觸中就偏向創造一種「各讓一步、達到雙贏」的新形式。
Design of a novel split-recessed-gate β-Ga2O3 MOSFET-based maximum-gain microwave amplifier
Authors: Goyal Priyanshi , Patel Kamlesh , Kaur Harsupreet
Published: May 2024

In this study, a split-recessed-gate Ga2O3 MOSFET has been proposed for high-frequency applications. Extensive simulations have been carried out using TCAD Silvaco to examine the analog characteristics as well as the critical high-frequency metrics of the proposed device. A comparison has been drawn with conventional recessed-gate β-Ga2O3 MOSFET, and it is demonstrated that the proposed device outperforms the conventional device in terms of the high-frequency metrics due to its significantly lower parasitic capacitances and higher intrinsic gain. In addition, it was also demonstrated that the proposed device exhibits a substantial increase of 127.7% in the Johnson’s figure of merit, significantly higher, i.e. 134.7% higher, than Baliga’s high-frequency figure of merit, as well as a 3.25% increase in Baliga’s figure of merit as compared to the conventional device. Furthermore, a two-port network analysis has been carried out for both the devices and it has been shown that the proposed device offers higher gain with a slight trade-off in the reflections at the input/output ports. The scattering parameters have also been extracted and used to perform the stability analysis. It was observed that the proposed device exhibits higher stability for the entire frequency range. Furthermore, a maximum gain amplifier was designed using the proposed device. An impressive gain of 11.04 dB was demonstrated at an ultra-high frequency of 3 GHz.
Highly dispersive transmission conditions for a conductive rods-based ultrathin bilayer metastructure
Authors: Abrahamyan Tigran , Ohanyan Gor , Hambaryan David , Kalantar David , Parsamyan Henrik , Haroyan Hovhannes , Babajanyan Arsen , Lee Kiejin , Nerkararyan Khachatur
Published: May 2024

We experimentally demonstrate that the transmission of microwave electromagnetic fields through a bilayer metasurface (BMS) composed of thin conductive rods can abruptly change in a narrow frequency range. A theoretical analysis based on the coupled oscillator model is performed to reveal the physical mechanism behind the frequency-dependent properties of such a structure. Two conditions primarily facilitate the observed high dispersion in the BMS. The first one is the resonant interaction between the incident microwaves and rods, leading to the formation of surface standing waves. These waves with radial electric fields enable the coupling of the near-field of rods in structural layers. The second condition is the complex value of the coupling coefficient between rods of different owing to the delayed interaction process between them. The electromagnetic response here can be effectively controlled by varying the distance between layers and the dielectric properties of the interlayer medium.
Tunable quasi-bound states in the continuum in magneto-optical metasurfaces
Authors: Yao Enxu , Su Zhaoxian , Bi Yu , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling
Published: May 2024

The enhancement of electromagnetic field with high Q factor in metasurfaces has attracted extensive attention of researchers. Magneto-optical metasurfaces (MOMS) provide approaches with controllable magnetic fields to modulate the optical response, which contributes towards the magneto-optical Kerr effect in nanophotonic devices. However, it is challenging for MOMS to obtain narrow spectra peak with high Q factors. Here, we propose MOMS-supported quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC) and theoretically investigate the evolution process from BIC to quasi-BIC. By applying an external magnetic field, the BIC in our proposed metasurface can be transformed into a quasi-BIC with finite Q factor up to 33 620. Meanwhile, the quasi-BIC shows magnetization-related circular dichroism with a vortex point in the polarization graph, based on time-reversal symmetry breaking in the magneto-optical material under the condition of external magnetic field. The quasi-BIC also maintains nearly unity reflection and almost zero absorption, showing a promising future in sensing. Our results enrich the light control mechanisms of MOMS and provide a unique opportunity for applications requiring flexible tunability and high Q factors, such as sensors, laser sources, filters and chiral-related elements.
Design and development of the DE-SPECT system: a clinical SPECT system for broadband multi-isotope imaging of peripheral vascular disease
Authors: Zannoni E M , Sankar P , Jin Y , Liu C , Sinusas A J , Metzler S D , Meng L J
Published: May 2024

Objective. Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) affects more than 230 million people worldwide and is one of the leading causes of disability among people over age 60. Nowadays, PVD remains largely underdiagnosed and undertreated, and requires the development of tailored diagnostic approaches. We present the full design of the Dynamic Extremity SPECT (DE-SPECT) system, the first organ-dedicated SPECT system for lower extremity imaging, based on 1 cm thick Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) spectrometers and a dynamic dual field-of-view (FOV) synthetic compound-eye (SCE) collimator. Approach. The proposed DE-SPECT detection system consists of 48 1 cm thick 3D-position-sensitive CZT spectrometers arranged in a partial ring of 59 cm in diameter in a checkerboard pattern. The detection system is coupled with a compact dynamic SCE collimator that allows the user to select between two different FOVs at any time during an imaging study: a wide-FOV (28 cm diameter) configuration for dual-leg or scout imaging or a high-resolution and high-sensitivity (HR-HS) FOV (16 cm diameter) for single-leg or focused imaging. Main results. The preliminary experimental data show that the CZT spectrometer achieves a 3D intrinsic spatial resolution of <0.75 mm FWHM and an excellent energy resolution over a broad energy range (2.6 keV FWHM at 218, 3.3 keV at 440 keV). From simulations, the wide-FOV configuration offers a 0.034% averaged sensitivity at 140 keV and <8 mm spatial resolution, whereas the HR-HS configuration presents a peak central sensitivity of 0.07% at 140 keV and a ∼5 mm spatial resolution. The dynamic SCE collimator enables the capability to perform joint reconstructions that would ensure an overall improvement in imaging performance. Significance. The DE-SPECT system is a stationary and high-performance SPECT system that offers an excellent spectroscopic performance with a unique computer-controlled dual-FOV imaging capability, and a relatively high sensitivity for multi-tracer and multi-functional SPECT imaging of the extremities.
Phase retrieval in incoherent diffractive imaging using higher-order photon correlation functions
Authors: Bojer M , Eckert J , Karl S , Richter S , Zanthier J von
Published: May 2024

To obtain spatial information about an arbitrary atomic distribution in x-ray structure analysis, e.g. in molecules or proteins, the standard method is to measure the intensity in the far field, i.e. the first-order photon correlation function of the coherently scattered x-ray photons (coherent diffractive imaging). Recently, it was suggested to record alternatively the incoherently scattered photons and measure the second-order photon correlation function to reconstruct the geometry of the unknown atomic distribution (incoherent diffractive imaging). Yet, besides various advantages of the latter method, both techniques suffer from the so-called phase retrieval problem. Lately, an ab-initio phase retrieval algorithm to reconstruct the phase of the so-called structure factor of the scattering objects based on the third-order photon correlation function was reported. The algorithm makes use of the closure phase, which contains important, yet incomplete phase information, well-known from triple correlations and their bispectrum in speckle masking and astronomy applications. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying scheme and quantities in the context of x-ray structure analysis. In particular, we explicitly calculate for the first time the third-order photon correlation function for single photon emitters in a full quantum mechanical treatment and discuss the uniqueness of the closure phase equations constructed from. In this context, we recapitulate the sign problem of the closure phase and how it can be lifted using redundant information. We further show how the algorithm can be improved using even higher-order photon correlation functions produced by single photon emitters, e.g. the fourth-order correlation function, delivering new phase relations appearing in the four-point correlations.
Conclusions
Authors: Koenig-Archibugi Mathias
Published: May 2024

The analyses presented in the preceding chapters failed to find solid empirical support for several of the worries associated with the prospect of a world state. The longevity of its democracy might be quite respectable and comparable to those of a typical existing state, its population would not be substantially more diverse in terms of policy-relevant values than the average state, and it would not entail a higher risk of producing persistent minorities. States have already delegated a remarkable degree of authority to international institutions and international survey data does not reveal widespread public opposition to strengthening them further. The message of the book is ultimately anti-determinist. A democratic world state is neither inevitable nor infeasible, and its emergence and endurance is a matter for political deliberation and contestation.
Star Formation in the Milky Way and Beyond in the Era of JWST and ALMA
Authors: Pattle Kate , Ward-Thompson Derek
Published: May 2024

Star formation is much studied, but not thoroughly understood. However, a new generation of instrumentation promises an explosion of delicious data. Kate Pattle and Derek Ward-Thompson report
A match-making metric
Authors: Helbig Phillip
Published: May 2024

Getting a job in astronomy can be a fraught process. Institutions vie to select from a pool of candidates, who are in turn vying to select from a pool of institutions. Phillip Helbig has come up with a plan to make it all rather easier
Effect of artificial or autologous coverage of the pancreatic remnant or anastomosis on postoperative pancreatic fistulas after partial pancreatectomy: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Walber Jonas K , Antony Pia , Strothmann Hendrik , Kalkum Eva , Renzulli Pietro , Hauswirth Fabian , Probst Pascal , Muller Markus K
Published: May 2024

Background

Postoperative pancreatic fistulas remain a driver of major complications after partial pancreatectomy. It is unclear whether coverage of the anastomosis or pancreatic remnant can reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistulas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of autologous or artificial coverage of the pancreatic remnant or anastomosis on outcomes after partial pancreatectomy.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to March 2024. All RCTs analysing a coverage method in patients undergoing partial pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy were included. The primary outcome was postoperative pancreatic fistula development. Subgroup analyses for pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy and artificial or autologous coverage were conducted.

Results

A total of 18 RCTs with 2326 patients were included. In the overall analysis, coverage decreased the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistulas by 29% (OR 0.71, 95% c.i. 0.54 to 0.93, P < 0.01). This decrease was also seen in the 12 RCTs covering the remnant after distal pancreatectomy (OR 0.69, 95% c.i. 0.51 to 0.94, P < 0.02) and the 4 RCTs applying autologous coverage after pancreatoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy (OR 0.53, 95% c.i. 0.29 to 0.96, P < 0.04). Other subgroup analyses (artificial coverage or pancreatoduodenectomy) showed no statistically significant differences. The secondary endpoints of mortality, reoperations, and re-interventions were each affected positively by the use of coverage techniques. The certainty of evidence was very low to moderate.

Conclusion

The implementation of coverage, whether artificial or autologous, is beneficial after partial pancreatectomy, especially in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy with autologous coverage.
Tafenoquine for Relapsing Babesiosis: A Case Series
Authors: Krause Peter J , Rogers Ralph , Shah Monika K , Kang HeeEun , Parsonnet Jeffrey , Kodama Rich , Vannier Edouard
Published: May 2024

Background

Relapsing babesiosis often occurs in highly immunocompromised patients and has been attributed to the acquisition of resistance against drugs commonly used for treatment such as atovaquone, azithromycin, and clindamycin. Tafenoquine, which is approved for malaria prophylaxis and presumptive antirelapse treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria, has shown activity against Babesia microti in several animal models of acute infection and in a single human case of relapsing babesiosis. Here, we report 5 cases of relapsing babesiosis treated with tafenoquine, including the previous case, and begin to define the conditions for optimal use of tafenoquine in relapsing babesiosis.

Methods

A definitive diagnosis of babesiosis was made by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thin blood smears or a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that targets the parasite 18S rRNA gene. Clearance of B. microti infection was ascertained by use of blood smear and real-time PCR.

Results

Tafenoquine was initiated with a loading dose of 600 mg. A weekly maintenance dose consisted of 200 mg or 300 mg; the lower dose was associated with a delayed clearance of B. microti. In 2 cases, all antimicrobial agents but tafenoquine were discontinued prior to clearance of infection. In 2 other cases, clearance was achieved while tafenoquine was administered along with other antimicrobial agents. In 3 of these 4 cases, tafenoquine was used in combination with atovaquone-proguanil. Other agents included atovaquone, azithromycin, and/or clindamycin. In 1 case, tafenoquine was administered alone and failed to prevent relapse.

Conclusions

Tafenoquine can be a useful adjunct for the treatment of highly immunocompromised patients experiencing relapsing babesiosis caused by B. microti.
Digitalizing disease surveillance: experience from Sierra Leone
Authors: Bridget Magoba , Gebru Gebrekrstos Negash , Odongo George S , Hedberg Calle , Elduma Adel Hussein , Kanu Joseph Sam , Bangura James , Squire James Sylvester , Foster Monique A
Published: May 2024

The Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system was adopted by the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health (MOH) in 2008, which was based on paper-based tools for health data recording and reporting from health facilities to the national level. The Sierra Leone MoH introduced the implementation of electronic case-based disease surveillance reporting of immediately notifiable diseases. This study aims to document and describe the experience of Sierra Leone in transforming her paper-based disease surveillance system into an electronic disease surveillance system. Retrospective mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative data were reviewed. Qualitative data were collected by reviewing surveillance technical reports, epidemiological bulletins, COVID-19, IDSR technical guidelines, Digital Health strategy and DHIS2 documentation. Content and thematic data analyses were performed for the qualitative data, while Microsoft Excel and DHIS2 platform were used for the quantitative data analysis to document the experience of Sierra Leone in digitalizing its disease surveillance system. In the early 2017, a web-based electronic Case-Based Disease Surveillance (eCBDS) for real-time reporting of immediately notifiable diseases and health threats was piloted using the District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) software. The eCBDS integrates case profile, laboratory, and final outcome data. All captured data and information are immediately accessible to users with the required credentials. The system can be accessed via a browser or an Android DHIS2 application. By 2021, there was a significant increase in the proportion of immediately notifiable cases reported through the facility-level electronic platform, and more than 80% of the cases reported through the weekly surveillance platform had case-based data in eCBDS. Case-based data from the platform are analysed and disseminated to stakeholders for public health decision-making. Several outbreaks of Lassa fever, Measles, vaccine-derived Polio and Anthrax have been tracked in real-time through the eCBDS.
A rare case of empyema caused by septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint, successfully treated with surgical drainage
Authors: Koike Sachie , Miyazawa Masahisa , Kobayashi Nobutaka
Published: May 2024

Septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint is a rare joint infection, and it sometimes leads to a chest wall abscess or mediastinitis. We report a case of a 70-year-old man who was diagnosed with empyema caused by an anterior chest wall abscess extended from septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint. It is very rare that arthritis causes empyema combined with an anterior chest wall abscess, and this is the first report of such a case. The patient was successfully treated with surgical drainage.
Galaxies with biconical ionized structure in MaNGA – I. Sample selection and driven mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Zhi-Jie , Chen Yan-Mei , Guan Run-Quan , Shi Yong , Gu Qiu-Sheng , Bizyaev Dmitry
Published: May 2024

Based on the integral field unit (IFU) data from Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, we develop a new method to select galaxies with biconical ionized structures, building a sample of 142 edge-on biconical ionized galaxies. We classify these 142 galaxies into 81 star-forming galaxies, 31 composite galaxies, and 30 AGNs (consisting of 23 Seyferts and 7 LI(N)ERs) according to the [N ii]-BPT diagram. The star-forming bicones have bar-like structures while AGN bicones display hourglass structures, and composite bicones exhibit transitional morphologies between them due to both black hole and star formation activities. Star-forming bicones have intense star formation activities in their central regions, and the primary driver of biconical structures is the central star formation rate surface density. The lack of difference in the strength of central black hole activities (traced by dust attenuation corrected [O iii]λ5007 luminosity and Eddington ratio) between Seyfert bicones and their control samples can be naturally explained as that the accretion disc and the galactic disc are not necessarily coplanar. Additionally, the biconical galaxies with central LI(N)ER-like line ratios are edge-on disc galaxies that show strong central dust attenuation. The radial gradients of H α surface brightness follow the r−2.35 relation, roughly consistent with r−2 profile, which is expected in the case of photoionization by a central point-like source. These observations indicate obscured AGNs or AGN echoes as the primary drivers of biconical structures in LI(N)ERs.
When, where, and how star formation happens in a galaxy pair at cosmic noon using CANUCS JWST/NIRISS grism spectroscopy
Authors: Estrada-Carpenter Vicente , Sawicki Marcin , Brammer Gabe , Desprez Guillaume , Abraham Roberto , Asada Yoshihisa , Bradač Maruša , Iyer Kartheik G , Martis Nicholas S , Matharu Jasleen , Mowla Lamiya , Muzzin Adam , Noirot Gaël , Sarrouh Ghassan T E , Strait Victoria , Willott Chris J
Published: May 2024

Spatially resolved studies are key to understanding when, where, and how stars form within galaxies. Using slitless grism spectra and broad-band imaging from the CAnadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS), we study the spatially resolved properties of a strongly lensed (μ = 5.4$\pm$1.8) z = 0.8718 galaxy pair consisting of a blue face-on galaxy (10.2 $\pm$ 0.2 log($M/M_\odot$)) with multiple star-forming clumps and a dusty red edge-on galaxy (9.9 $\pm$ 0.3 log($M/M_\odot$)). We produce accurate H $\alpha$ maps from JWST/NIRISS grism data using a new methodology that accurately models spatially varying continuum and emission line strengths. With spatially resolved indicators, we probe star formation on time-scales of $\sim$10 Myr (NIRISS H $\alpha$ emission line maps) and $\sim$100 Myr (UV imaging and broad-band SED fits). Taking the ratio of the H $\alpha$ to UV flux ($\eta$), we measure spatially resolved star formation burstiness. We find that in the face-on galaxy both H $\alpha$ and broad-band star formation rates (SFRs) drop at large galactocentric radii by a factor of $\sim$4.7 and 3.8, respectively, while SFR over the last $\sim$100 Myrs has increased by a factor of 1.6. Additionally, of the 20 clumps identified in the galaxy pair we find that 7 are experiencing bursty star formation, while 10 clumps are quenching, and 3 are in equilibrium (either being in a state of steady star formation or post-burst). Our analysis reveals that the blue face-on galaxy disc is predominantly in a quenching or equilibrium phase. However, the most intense quenching within the galaxy is seen in the quenching clumps. This pilot study demonstrates what JWST/NIRISS data can reveal about spatially varying star formation in galaxies at Cosmic Noon.
mosaicMPI: a framework for modular data integration across cohorts and -omics modalities
Authors: Verhey Theodore B , Seo Heewon , Gillmor Aaron , Thoppey-Manoharan Varsha , Schriemer David , Morrissy Sorana
Published: May 2024

Advances in molecular profiling have facilitated generation of large multi-modal datasets that can potentially reveal critical axes of biological variation underlying complex diseases. Distilling biological meaning, however, requires computational strategies that can perform mosaic integration across diverse cohorts and datatypes. Here, we present mosaicMPI, a framework for discovery of low to high-resolution molecular programs representing both cell types and states, and integration within and across datasets into a network representing biological themes. Using existing datasets in glioblastoma, we demonstrate that this approach robustly integrates single cell and bulk programs across multiple platforms. Clinical and molecular annotations from cohorts are statistically propagated onto this network of programs, yielding a richly characterized landscape of biological themes. This enables deep understanding of individual tumor samples, systematic exploration of relationships between modalities, and generation of a reference map onto which new datasets can rapidly be mapped. mosaicMPI is available at https://github.com/MorrissyLab/mosaicMPI.
Tobacco Exposures are Associated With Healthcare Utilization and Healthcare Costs in Pregnant Persons and Their Newborn Babies
Authors: Fuemmeler Bernard F , Dahman Bassam , Glasgow Trevin E , Barsell D Jeremy , Oliver Jason A , Zhang Junfeng , Hoyo Cathrine , Murphy Susan K , McClernon F Joseph , Wheeler David C
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Identifying healthcare utilization and costs associated with active and passive smoking during pregnancy could help improve health management strategies.

Aims and Methods

Data are from the Newborn Epigenetics STudy (NEST), a birth cohort enrolled from 2005 to 2011 in Durham and adjacent counties in North Carolina, United States. Participants included those for whom prenatal serum samples were assayed and for whom administrative data were obtainable (N = 1045). Zero-inflated poisson regression models were used to assess associations between cotinine, adjusted for covariates (eg, race and ethnicity, age at delivery, cohabitation status, and education), and health care utilization outcomes. Generalized linear regression models were used to estimate average total charges. Simulation models were conducted to determine the economic benefits of reducing secondhand smoke and smoking during pregnancy.

Results

Increasing levels of cotinine were positively associated with parent’s number of emergency department (ED) visits (coefficient[b] = 0.0012, standard error [SE] = 0.0002; p < .001), the number of ICU hours (b = 0.0079, SE = 0.0025; p = .002), time spent in the ICU (b = 0.0238, SE = 0.0020, p < .001), and the number of OP visits (b = 0.0003, SE = 0.0001; p < .001). For infants, higher cotinine levels were associated with higher number of ED (b = 0.0012, SE = 0.0004; p = .005), ICU (b = 0.0050, SE = 0.001; p < .001), and OP (b = 0.0006, SE = 0.0002; p < .001) visits and longer time spent in the ED (b = 0.0025, SE = 0.0003; p < .001), ICU (b = 0.0005, SE = 0.0001; p < .001), and IP (b = 0.0020, SE = 0.0002; p < .001). Simulation results showed that a 5% reduction in smoking would correspond to a potential median cost savings of $150 533 from ED visits of parents and infants.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the importance of smoke exposure cessation during pregnancy to reduce health care utilization and costs for both parents and infants.

Implications

This study reinforces the importance of reducing smoking and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy. Focusing on expanding cessation services to this group could help reduce morbidities observed within this population. Furthermore, there is the potential for healthcare cost savings to healthcare systems, especially for those with high delivery numbers. These cost savings are represented by potential reductions in ED, OP, and ICU hours and visits.
Market Development
Authors: Stephenson Kate , Stembridge Zoe
Published: May 2024

This chapter introduces the nature, history, market development, advantages, and disadvantages of company voluntary arrangement (CVA). The CVA gives a mechanism wherein a company and restructure its debts and liabilities with the consent of a majority of its creditors while binding dissenting creditors to continue trading. The process could also restructure the affairs for the benefit of the company's stakeholders as a whole. There is no requirement that a company be insolvent or in financial difficulty to propose a CVA despite the fact that it is a formal insolvency proceeding. The usage of CVAs only increased from 2009 onwards due to the advent of high-street retailers' CVAs compromising landlord creditors and restructure leases portfolios.
Property Law Issues
Authors: McGhee John , Ballance James
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the potential for forfeiture of a company's leases due to a CVA's proposal or approval, particularly Landlord CVAs. Landlord CVAs are popular as they enable tenant companies to mitigate or restructure leasehold obligations such as liabilities in paying rent. The proviso for re-entry or forfeiture clause indicates the landlord's right to forfeit being expressly granted by leases. The chapter explains the Debenhams case to expound on the concept of restricting the right of forfeiture. The availability and terms of relief depend on whether or not the CVA changed any covenants which were grounds of forfeiture such as non-payment of rent.
Therapeutic Angiogenesis and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review
Authors: Ye Ivan B. , Hines George L.
Published: May 2024

After the success of novel angiogenesis inhibitors in cancer treatment, angiogenesis promotors for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and coronary artery disease became the target of significant research. Promising results in animal models led to numerous randomized control trials that failed to translate into meaningful clinical results. The goal of this review is to describe the history of investigation into therapeutic angiogenesis for cardiovascular disease and discuss the lessons learned and future directions.
Comparison of Outcomes Between Right and Left Upper Extremity Access in Endovascular Aortic Repair for Patients with Thoracoabdominal and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Goyal Aman , Fatima Laveeza , Jain Hritvik , Tariq Muhammad Daoud , Mushtaq Fiza , Suheb Mahammed Z. Khan , Lu Eileen , Khan Rozi , Sohail Amir Humza
Published: May 2024

Traditionally, left-sided upper extremity (LUE) access has been preferred in patients undergoing endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) to manage aortic aneurysms and decrease the risk of cerebrovascular adverse events. Recently, right-sided upper extremity access (RUE) has gained popularity owing to its greater maneuverability and ergonomics. However, synthesized data comparing the safety and efficacy of RUE and LUE accesses are limited. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on various databases from inception to September 2023 to retrieve all studies that compared RUE and LUE access in EVAR. Data on stroke, 30-day mortality, technical success, access-site complications, total time required for fluoroscopy, and contrast agent requirement were extracted, pooled, and analyzed. Forest plots were generated using a random-effects model on review manager by pooling the risk ratios (RRs) and standard mean differences (SMDs). Ten observational studies with a total of 3994 patients were included in our analysis with 1186 patients in the RUE and 2808 patients in the LUE access groups. EVAR using RUE access was associated with a significantly lower amount of contrast agent requirement than the LUE access group [SMD, −0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.45 to −0.02; P = 0.03]. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of the risk of stroke (RR, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.81–3.22; P = 0.17), 30-day mortality (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.50–4.06; P = 0.51), rate of technical success (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95–1.01; P = 0.18), risk of access-site complications (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.72–1.39; P = 0.99), and total time required for fluoroscopy (SMD, 0.07; 95% CI, −0.39 to 0.26; P = 0.69). The use of RUE access in EVAR appears to be comparable to LUE access in terms of the risk of stroke, access-related complications, all-cause mortality, technical success rate, and fluoroscopy duration. The RUE group required a lower volume of contrast agent.
Blood Transfusions in Acute Myocardial Infarctions: A Review
Authors: Paranji Sreshta , Okoloko Oghenemega , Coritt Lauren , Frishman William H. , Aronow Wilbert S.
Published: May 2024

Anemia in acute myocardial infarctions has been an area of curiosity, with studies looking into clinical outcomes of blood transfusions in this patient population for decades without consistent evidence in the literature pointing in the direction of liberal or conservative transfusion use. With the recent publication of the MINT (Restrictive or Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Myocardial Infarction) trial showing that the liberal transfusion strategy did not reduce the recurrent risk of myocardial infarction but that harm in restrictive strategies cannot be excluded, we look to other literature and trials with different endpoints, which indicate that the liberal transfusion strategies may cause more harm. In this review, we will discuss new evidence as compared to the old for the conservative use of blood transfusions in the setting of myocardial infarctions.