bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Review: Nazrul Islam. Global Technological Change Impact on Textile and Garment Workers: A Comparative Study of Bangladesh and Thailand, Dhaka: Ahmed Publishing House, 2006. 281 pages.
Authors: Hassan Rayyan
Published: September 2024

The book entitled Global Technological Change Impact on Textile and Garment Workers: A Comparative Study of Bangladesh and Tltailancl has been written by Nazrul Islam, Associate Professor, School of Business, Norlh South University, Bangladesh. The book has been published by Ahmed Publishing House, Dhaka in August 2006. It entails an overall comprehension of the present status of workers of textile and garments industries in Bangladesh and Thailand, and how they are coping with various technological changes occuning on a global scale.
Estimation of Export Supply Model of Bangladesh: Cointegration and Vector Autoregressive Approaches
Authors: Moniruzzaman Md.
Published: September 2024

The broad objective of this study is to empirically estimate the export supply model of Bangladesh. The techniques of Cointegration, Engle-Granger causality, Vector Error Correction and Vector Auto-regression are applied to estimate the models of this study. Structural breakpoint or stability of the variables and impulse responses are also conducted in this study. The econometric analysis is done by using the time series data of the variable of interest which is collected from the secondary sources. The study has empirically tested the hypothesis and long run relationship and casualty between variables of the models. The study findings reveal that the trend growth rate of aggregate export is higher in post-liberalization period as compared to the pre-liberalization period. The Cointegration analysis shows that all the variables of the study are cointegrated at their first differences meaning that there exists long run relationship among the variables.
Consumer Choice of Soft Drinks: A Causal Path Analysis
Authors: Arafat Mohammad A.
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a framework for assessing consumer perceptions on soft drinks evaluation. This study clarifies the roles of perceived quality, perceived product attributes, perceived product availability and perceived product price in evaluating process of consumers’ soft drinks choice. To test hypotheses, data were collected from 592 respondents. Data were analyzed via structural equation models using Amos 5.0. Results from structural equations analysis revealed consumer perceived quality in Bangladesh as shown in the model-fit. In particular, it was found that when consumers evaluate the quality of a product, they may retrieve the constructs directly related to quality. One of the shortcomings of this study is that variables like brand image, packing, advertising techniques may play important roles in understanding consumer perception about choosing soft drinks that were not included.
Critical Explorations into the Politics of Institutionalized/Estatized-Human Rights and Adivasi Displacement and Dispossession in India
Authors: Kapoor Dip
Published: September 2024

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A Comparative Study of the Cost of Higher Education in Private and Public Universities in Bangladesh
Authors: Barmon Dr. Basanta Kumar;  , Sharmin Imrana , Dey Debashish
Published: September 2024

The present study aims to attempt a comparative study of the reasons for enrollment in private universities and to estimate the cost of education for higher education in both private and public universities in Bangladesh. Primary and secondary data are used in this study. The findings of the study indicated that the monthly average cost of education of a student in a private university is significantly higher than in a public university. The main reasons are that the students of private universities spend more money on tuition fees, accommodation costs and better living expenses than those of public universities, and the costs also largely vary (in both private and public universities) among the students within the same university. On an average, the parents' monthly income of students who are enrolled in private universities in significantly higher than that of public university and most of the parents are engaged in business or good government services. The cost of Education also depends on parents' income, family size, and the number of students in the same family. The study also indicates that on an average, monthly expenditures of male students are significantly higher than those of female students.
Univariate Time Series Forecasting: A Study on Monthly Tax Revenue of Bangladesh
Authors: Nandi Biplob Kumar , Chaudhury Muntasir , Hasan Gazi Quamrul
Published: September 2024

In recent years, Bangladesh has taken various steps to modernize tax system in order to enhance tax effort. Due to subsequent increase in financial constraints globally, economy's reliance on domestic resource mobilization continues to intensify. As a result, tax revenue target for every forthcoming budget appears to be buoyant albeit the prevalence of domestic constraints, i.e. inefficiencies in tax system, narrower tax base along with numerous exemptions and political instability. To enhance tax effort to reduce fiscal vulnerability, a esoteric revenue forecasting procedure is necessary. But, in Bangladesh, during the budget preparation, the method to target tax revenue is based on the growth rate extended with discretionary adjustments for a number of updated assumptions and personal judgments, which can lead to huge forecast error. This exercise attempts to identify an appropriate model by scrutinizing three approaches - ARIMA SARIMA multiplicative approach, Holt-Winters seasonal multiplicative approach and Holt-Winters seasonal additive approach - to forecast monthly tax revenue of Bangladesh and finds that, Holt-Winter seasonal multiplicative approach is the most appropriate method with minimum forecast error.
Understanding Conflicts in Cameroon History through 'Awilo's' Song 'Contri Don Spoil'
Authors: Kah Henry Kam
Published: September 2024

According to Geoff Crowther, Cameroon is Africa's most socially artificial country. Although this description seems an exaggeration of reality, Cameroon history after reunification in 1961 displays linguistic cleavages of the English and French cultures. This is a fall-out of German colonialism and the partition of Cameroon into French and British Cameroons after the First World War of 1914 to 1916. During the era of British and French colonial administration, the Mungo River was an important restrictive barrier to the free movement of goods, services and people across the Anglo-French spheres of the Cameroons. The 'officialising' of socio-political differences by successive ruling elite of the two linguistic groups for self-interest has been captured by Ndi Tansa aka 'Awilo' in his sound track titled 'contri don spoil.' The failure of the ruling elite to 'officialise' or promote nationhood in Cameroon is due to among other things a result of inherent cleavages among English speaking Cameroonians. It is also due to a failed romance between the two linguistic groups at the official level. This essay explores the socio-political tensions in a country united in disunity as captured in the music of 'Awilo's hit song 'contri don spoil.
Land Market Receptiveness to Water-Logging: A Hedonic Pricing Approach Using GIS
Authors: Chakrovorty Sanchita , Haque A.K. Enamul
Published: September 2024

Most of the cities in developing countries are built on filling wetlands and are also being expanded using continuous land filling and embankments. In coastal areas, cities are doubly threatened as this water is also saline. This paper used these backgrounds to understand how the urban land market is responding to such disasters in a coastal city of Bangladesh. The paper used spatial econometric analysis with GIS data along with a household survey data. In terms of policy prescription, the study reveals that a parcel of land which is water-logged for a day drops its value by 6%; for 2 days drops it by 8% and for 3 days the value drops by 9% and so on. A public investment to remove water-logging increases the value by 14%, so it is possible to invest to reduce the impact and this can be partially financed by higher taxation of land value gains.
The Role of Institutional Pressures on the Use of Quality Assurance Practices in Enhancing Effectiveness: A Case Study of Higher Education Institution of Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdousi Farhana
Published: September 2024

The focus of this study is to explore the institutional pressures and their influence on the use of quality assurance (QA) practices in the higher education institution (HEIs) of a developing country. The findings show that the use of QA practices was the result of three institutional pressures, i.e, coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures. The findings reveal the gradual changes in the nature and intensity of institutional pressure. The changes in institutions QA practices arose due to coercive pressures, including the preferences of stakeholders and regulatory bodies including the University Grants Commission (UGC), Bangladesh Accreditation Council (BAC) aimed at improving the academic standards including academic content and academic programs, curriculum review, research, and establishment of formal QA framework. While mimetic pressures were attributed to the high competition and the resultant uncertainty within the HEI, the normative pressures emerged due to the influence of top management support and training. Moreover, results reveal the effects of QA practices on the effectiveness of the case in terms of increased satisfaction of stakeholders, public image, employability, improved internal and external processes, and stakeholders' confidence. The study contributes to the quality management literature and developing country literature by providing knowledge about institutional pressures and their subsequent impact on QA practices in HEI within a developing country.
Mental Health Well-being among Undergraduate Students of East West University: Evidence from a Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Khan Md. Mobarak Hossain
Published: September 2024

Poor mental health is common among university students every where, including in Bangladesh. Since information about mental health well-being (MHWB) of private university students are still scarce, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of poor mental health and associated determinants, using cross-sectional data (N=670) collected from undergraduate students of East West University. The WHO Well-Being Index, composed of five Likert Scale questions with possible answers from 0 (not at all) to 5 (all the time), was used to measure the state of MHWB using a cut-off 13 for the total score. The overall prevalence of poor mental health was 34.6%, and was significantly higher among female (38.9%) than among male (30.5%) students. Its prevalence was also significantly higher among students who had no close friends for sharing problems, and among students with low level of satisfaction about their current residences in Dhaka, academic performance at EWU, and relationship with faculty members. Since a large proportion of students suffer from poor MHWB, EWU administration should consider this as a serious issue and apply feasible prevention strategies in a comprehensive manner.
Effects of Covid-19 on Bangladesh's School Dropouts and Child Marriage Rates: A Threat to Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and Promotion of Intergenerational Poverty
Authors: Hussain Rasel , Shova Tahmina Yesmin
Published: September 2024

The 2030 deadline for eradicating child marriage set forth in SDG is made challenging by COVID-19. According to UNICEF, Covid-19 increased the likelihood of child marriage for 10 million more girls. The negative effects of the epidemic have increased the probability of child marriage and school dropouts worldwide. After 543 days of closed educational facilities in Bangladesh, particularly schools and colleges, the number of unfilled seats in classrooms revealed a heightened worry about dropouts. Following a qualitative study and review of the literature from Bangladesh, this study explored the trends and impact of covid-19 on the growing number of child marriages and school dropouts, as well as the repercussions of how it jeopardizes the accomplishment of relevant sustainable development objectives. According to this study, child marriage and school dropout rates will in the near future increase the intergenerational poverty rate nationwide.
Perceptions of University Students in Bangladesh towards the Challenges and Benefits of Online Classes: A Samir Bhadra Qualitative Approach
Authors: Bhadra Samir , Uddin Md. Shawan , Ali Mir Mokaddesh , Sheikh Md. Imran , Sultana Niger
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of students regarding the challenges and benefits of online classes based on their online classes’ experiences particularly during pandemic COVID-19. Following the interpretive research paradigm and cross-sectional design, this research is qualitative in nature. Using a semi-structured questionnaire the researchers conducted 30 in-depth interviews of the 23 public and private university students who are attending their classes virtually during the pandemic. The collected data was analyzed following a content analysis approach to evaluate the relationship among the ideas, the interview data, and the theoretical context. This study finds that in developing countries like Bangladesh, the online class system is a relatively new concept, so the participants face some difficulties such as low internet connection, electricity support, teachers’ capacities, and lack of institutional support as well as their technological engagement. As such participants face challenges that they do not learn as well as they would in regular classes. Moreover, the participants must comprehend the contrasts between traditional and online classrooms in order to improve their competence. However, participants are taking e-learning for extra advantages due to COVID-19 pandemic in order to reduce detachment from education and session gap. This study will be helpful to the policy-makers to develop proper rules to cope with such difficult situations, particularly when it comes to delivering communicative education to students particularly in a crisis situation.
 
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BOOK REVIEW: Gary Day. Literary Criticism: A New Hillary. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 2008. 344 pages.
Authors: Rao E. Nageswara
Published: September 2024

Critical response to E. M. Forster's A Passage to India remains diverse. While some commend Forster's depiction of the India. others express their misgivings at his portrayal of Indians attributing his delineation of the Indians. their behaviors. their religions and customs. even the geographical landscape to be In the Orientalist tradition. While looking at the historical bases of A Passage to India. this paper establishes that being conscious of the British administration's policy of 'divide and rule: Forster undertakes a similar exercise of widening the gulf between the Hindus and Muslims. Forster's 'knowledge' of the political conditions in India and Europe the differences between the two communities and his imperial anxieties perta" ig to the future of the British Empire shapes his representation of Hindus and Muslims as two distinct 'types.' as a form of literary mimicry of the British policy of 'divide and rule.' This paper also argues that A Passage to India's Importance as a seminal colonial text in India has helped reinforce this difference in the Indian consciousness and continues to foment communal riots in the country even ninety years after its publication.
"Kubla Khan": A Poem of Sexual Ambiguity
Authors: Miah A.S.M. Shamim
Published: September 2024

The poem 'Kubla Khan' is quite inexplicable. It a fun of ambiguity and seemingly bizarre Implications. Many critics have seen it as a poem full of ethereal music,  but I find it a mysterious reflection on human sexuality. In it Coleridge makes reference to what Freud would have called "dream work? basically thoughts surfacing as thing and thinking being dramatized: the thoughts being pulled from the subconscious and made significant. Had It not been for the opium. Coleridge's 'Kubla Khan" would have remained a fantasy. dreamt arid last. Certainty. the poem is a mad intricate work, full of the poet's desire to portray grandeur synaestheticaily. 'Kubla Khan' is also, among other things. a poem full of ironic reflections on the legendary architectural feat of the Mughals.
Revisiting Classics: Relevance of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice
Authors: Lahiri Rajyashree Khushu , Chakravarty Urjani
Published: September 2024

Although many readers and critics of the present era might consider Jane Austen's fictional writings to be outdated and clichéd, her work nevertheless retains an undying appeal. During the last decade of the twentieth century the English-speaking world has experienced an Austen renaissance as it has been treated to a number of film and television adaptations of her work. The reasons for viewers and readers enjoying and identifying with Austen's fiction are numerous. This paper contends that the 'mutual cognitive environment' which Jane Austen so skilfully and dexterously creates in her masterpiece Pride and Prejudice, accounts for its present day relevance and appeal. This claim will be elucidated and established through an analysis of the novel within the framework of the concept of a 'mutual cognitive environment' as explicated by Sperber and Wilson in their discussion of Relevance Theory (2002:249). The contention is prompted by the assumption that a comprehensive account of how this 'mutual cognitive environment' is created by Austen and the process of its interpretation by readers should generate accounts of how this text gives rise to particular effects. Further, the paper maintains that for the present-day reader of Pride and Prejudice this environment is created due to the interaction of contextual assumptions which include knowledge of hierarchical social status, predicament of women in a male-dominated society, and human traits.
Investing in the Culture Industry to Enhance Economic Growth in West Africa
Authors: Kah Henry Kam
Published: September 2024

This essay examines the role culture can play in effectively advancing economic growth in West Africa through the agency of the Economic Community for West African States (ECOWAS) and the different national governments. Although a much contested terminology, culture remains an untapped area for economic growth partly due to the absence of commitment on the part of the leadership of West African countries and partly to their ignorance of the central role culture plays in innovation, technology, development and growth of regional and national economies. However if well harnessed, the rich cultural repertoire of this region of Africa can provide an impetus for economic expansion, employment and stability more than ever before in a region known more for its numerous conflicts in the past twenty years or so than for its economic growth.
Rabindranath Tagore and the Politics of Imagination: Nation, Gender, and Global Justice
Authors: De Esha Niyogi
Published: September 2024

This paper focuses on Tagore’s increasing activism and his bid to persuade his readers in his later works of the importance of thinking globally and abandoning exclusionary perspectives. It shows how he strove in his writing to alter mentalities underlying the politics of domination and division in the world he lived in. The paper also attempts to draw out the implications of his critical approach to imagination and emotion and the way he used emotion-and affectenhancing literature to oppose divisive and instrumental attitudes and to bring people together by transcending nation or gender divisions.
The Theme of Crisis in the Poetry of Yeats and Eliot
Authors: Mozumder Subrata Chandra
Published: September 2024

W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot demonstrate the crisis of modern society in their poetry. Both poets were concerned about the disorderly and fragmented social condition of their time – a time of political turmoil, anarchy and chaos. They yearned for the more humane, cultured and promising times of the past, as their contemporary chaotic world endangered peace, happiness, and solidarity of its people. Their poetry presents a gallery of characters, whose ideological conﬂicts, cultural differences and racial discrimination revealed the crisis of modern society. Both poets deplored the fragmentation of modern society, which once had strong traditions, customs and values. For them, the absence of ethical and religious values gives rise to perennial anguish, disquiet and chaos. However, though both Yeats and Eliot handle the theme of crisis, the ramiﬁcations of their treatment are strikingly varied. This paper seeks to explore the theme of crisis as a split in society that they highlight in their poetry by bringing a contrast between some common binaries such as past/present; ideal/corrupt; colonized/colonizer; love/lust; fertility/infertility.
Western Democracy in Africa as a Failed Project: Which Way Forward?
Authors: Nkwi Walter Gam
Published: September 2024

The role of democracy in societal transformation and nation-building in Sub-Saharan Africa has been compromised by political and social strictures created during more than three decades of autocratic rule of most countries that still underline the practical and moral workings of the state today. Western democracy remains mired in rigging cleavages that ﬁnd expression in parochial tendencies ranging from divide and rule to ethnicism and to regionalism being orchestrated by the state’s political elites and those loyal to the ruling regime in a neo-patrimonial manner. As a result, the ability to mobilise all and sundry towards a meaningful democratic culture and development is limited. In this context good governance has remained, for the vast majority of Africans, illusory. With the end of the Cold War which characterised world politics since 1945, the United States of America and Europe have descended on the continent and re-launched a crusade for democracy without paying any attention to the structures which could harness meaningful democratic culture and development. This essay focuses on the dynamics that have impeded the development of western democracy in Africa. It interrogates even the raison d’etre of such a western buzzword with regard to meaningful development in most African countries. Does Africa really need western democracy to cure her developmental malady? This essay, while working on the argument that western democracy has botched woefully in most parts of the continent, attempts to proffer some suggestions, which if implemented would launch most African countries towards meaningful democratic culture.
Creative Writing in English and EFL Students: Finding Motivation in Self-expression
Authors: Dougherty Patrick
Published: September 2024

This article details an investigation of the application of creative writing to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students at two universities, one in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the other in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It asks three questions: (1) do EFL students perceive creative writing in English as motivational in their English studies, (2) does creative writing in English encourage EFL students to write in English outside of the classroom, and (3) does creative writing in English motivate EFL students to be better users of English? The answers to these questions have universal applications to other English programs, in other settings, in other countries. The study outlined in this article will demonstrate that introducing creative writing to EFL programs can serve as a powerful motivational force in the classroom, benefiting the students academically, emotionally, and linguistically.
An Existential Reading of Family Ties
Authors: Jahan Israt
Published: September 2024

Examining different characters of Family Ties (Lispector, 1972), the present paper aims at demonstrating Clarice Lispector’s projection of ties at various different levels often starting with family ties, stretching between individuals, objects, and natural world and then untying or losing previously existing ties. The paper highlights the attention she pays to the anxiety concerning all the disturbances of the body and the mind that has been so long denied. Through the research it is shown how her different characters respond to the cultivation of self, and bestows prominent attention to self-respect resulting from self-doubt. Her experimentations with female characters are not confined to the conflict of male and female; rather it continues with multifarious themes which find their abode in her collection of thirteen short stories entitled Lacos de Familia (Family Ties) where she writes about human suffering and failure, the disarray of humanity, human’s total awareness of inevitable alienation and the pressing need to overcome danger, and the most forcefully of all, encountering ultimate nothingness. Influenced by existentialist writers, Lispector illuminates the conflict between public and private self, and magnifies the terror upon realizing the failure of language to communicate; that results into the use of different tools of language to find a rescue (Pontiero, 1972. p. 134). Though the existential struggle of the characters consists of series of paradoxes with no solution, the paper will discuss the steps they have taken and the time they have passed through.
Undergraduates’ Novel Experiences with Massive Open Online Courses
Authors: Hasan Md. Masudul , Hoon Tan Bee
Published: September 2024

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have revolutionized e-learning contexts through improvising new technology on its pedagogical features. Recently, much debate has been directed to the application of MOOCs in relation to higher education. However, research regarding students’ experiences of MOOCs is scant. Therefore, the present study aims to fill in the gap by examining undergraduates experiences with MOOCs. Data were collected from 29 undergraduates attending various degree programs at a public university in Malaysia. Undergraduates’ logbook notes were used for collecting data for this study. Results showed that most of the participants expressed positive attitudes towards learning in the MOOC. They valued the MOOC instructional features and tools and showed strong satisfaction in learning in the MOOCs environment. The empirical findings of the study have contributed to a better understanding of the nature of learning and participation in a MOOC environment from the perspective of undergraduate students. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have succeeded to create massive attention among educators, researchers, students, media, and stakeholders as elite universities from developed countries formed consortia to offer free courses on various disciplines. MOOC started with the promises to offer free education for all (Kop, Fournier, & Mak, 2011). A few number of commercial start-ups such as Udacity, Edx, Futurelearn and Coursera have been launched in collaboration with leading universities to deliver free courses online for massive participation. Many academic institutions, especially those in North America such as Duke University, Harvard University, MIT, and Stanford University have been offering courses in cooperation with MOOC providers. Big commercial institutions such as Google and Pearson are also planning to contribute to higher education by adopting MOOC instructional format (Yuan, Powell, & CETIS, 2013). While MOOCs are mushrooming in higher education, empirical research in the area is still very limited. Therefore, the present study aims to contribute some effort to this gap by scanning a small group of tertiary level students’ novel experiences with MOOC instructional features. The following part of the study deals with the background of the development of MOOC and its theoretical underpinnings.
The Urge for ‘X-treme’: Super-Human Syndrome Followed by the Morality of Viciousness
Authors: Taslim Israt
Published: September 2024

X-treme is considered to be a new popular phenomenon which brings out the hidden fantasy of any normal human being, to test every possible limitation till the ultimate extent. Though the practice of extreme is considered as villainous and not easily acceptable by the society, it is the human fantasy to go to X-treme in order to be included in the minority of being superhuman. In our postmodern world aesthetics get more priority than ethics when media visualize the inner fantasy of violence in reality as a spectacle for the audience. This media increases the urge of being superhuman, while being human is too cliché. Now, X-treme has become so important to bring every possible limit out of people that they do not bother whether it is related to morality or not. It is obvious to find a superhero against the features of postmodernism because he is unmovable from the fixed convention of being good and not allowing the X-treme. That morality makes a superhero limited and stereotyped with all cliché traits of being inside the boundary. On the other hand, villains or anti-hero can possess the X-treme power and exhibit the extremity desired by the audience. So, villains are more appreciable than heroes because they become the example of living larger than life in this lifetime. The clean line of being good or bad is dead – thanks to postmodernism which justifies the practice of going to every possible limit of X-treme. When the postmodern ethics is already compromised, a new kind of ethics emerges in human mind. That ethics is more than personal which does not bother to maintain the universal ethics that is predetermined or enforced social ideology and silences the moral impulse of the individuals. When that personal ethics might also be the result of the enforced ideology, a free mind can create its own morality by stepping out of the influence of any kind of social ideology.
The Ramifications of Insurgencies on Family Lives—A Reading of Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Lowland
Authors: Alam Nasih Ul Wadud
Published: September 2024

This article discusses select science fiction texts by the Bangladeshi author Muhammad Zafar Iqbal with reference to a recurring theme, namely, the globalized exploitation of Third World bodies. This article discusses how these texts demonize technological modifications of the human body and suggest a core of “human” sentiments as the guiding force for combating such biotechnological intervention. This article focuses on a few texts where two key plot elements are, (i) artificially and illegally manipulated human bodies, and, (ii) the surveillance of the central characters by ruthless, technologically superior First World actors and their local collaborators. The texts analyzed in detail are “Dr. Triple A” (2000), Prodigy (2011), and Animan (2014). In these texts, Iqbal reposes faith in a human exceptionalism that is predicated upon emotions and morality. He thus steers clear of Western philosophical trends such as posthumanism or transhumanism. This is borne out by these texts’ celebration of strong inter- personal attachments and selfless love, which help (morally and emotionally alert) underdogs engage with and ultimately defeat their self-centred, technologically advanced oppressors.
Behavioral Profile: Synonyms of ‘Disagree
Authors: Zakaria Muhammad
Published: September 2024

There have been some developments in the area of lexical semantics through corpus linguistics in recent time. As a result, it is now possible to focus on semantic dimension of lexemes from a usage-based perspective. This paper presents a Behavioral Profile of synonymous words of the verb disagree. The data for this paper is taken from the Global Web-Based English (GloWbE) corpus.
Mass Media and Eco-awareness of Bangladesh
Authors: Reza Shishir
Published: September 2024

Awareness edifice and dissemination plays deep-seated role from general public, local farmers, scientists, policy makers, planners and politician in the government. On the subject of the environment and development inconsistency, environmental wakefulness in the developing countries like Bangladesh is one of the current topics. Environmental awareness helps social groups and individuals to acquire familiarity and sensitivity about the total environment and its allied problems. As the general people of Bangladesh explores information of nature, environment and biodiversity through television, newspaper and radio -mass media can take part in a vital role to enlarge the apprehension about the challenges, problems, eco-friendly technologies, laws and policies and even development aspects of environment among them.
Multiple Approaches to Translating the Poems and Songs in The Essential Tagore
Authors: Islam Mohammad Shafiqul
Published: September 2024

Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), a universal poet winning the Nobel Prize in literature in 1913, draws global attention through translation – his work is retranslated or reformed through new translation from time to time. Whenever Tagore’s work in translation comes into discussion, Gitanjali, a seminal anthology of poems and songs, appears before us since the poet himself translated the book into English. If Gitanjali had not been translated, Tagore, needless to say, would not have drawn attention of the west. As a result, there would be little prospect for him to win the Nobel Prize. Critics take special interest in Tagore’s own translation alongside other translations because his work is still translated and retranslated with a variety of approaches. Many renowned Tagore translators have rendered his work into modern English, eschewing traditional approaches. One of the finest poets from India with his footsteps across borders and cultures, Tagore generates enormous interest among scholars for his vast and varied oeuvre translated in multifarious ways. Taking Radha Chakravarty’s observation that “translating Tagore today can be interventionist, transformative, and even utopian” into account, this paper attempts to explore multiple approaches that the translators have undertaken to render a selection of his poems and songs into English published in The Essential Tagore (2011).
Koniec klauzuli sumienia? - sprawa Steen p. Szwecji oraz Grimmark p. Szwecji
Authors: Puścion Marta
Published: September 2024

The gloss concerns the decisions issued by the European Court of Human Rights in February 2020. The cases concerned midwives who were denied employment because they refused to participate in abortion procedures. The women accused potential employers - hospitals - of violation of religious freedom and discrimination. The European Court of Human Rights decided that there was a restriction of the midwives' freedom of thought, conscience and religion, but this was justified by Swedish law, which clearly states that the employee must perform all the duties specified by the employer. The interference with the nurses' freedom of religion was also justified by the protection of the health of women wishing to undergo termination of pregnancy. The Court held that there was also no discrimination against midwives. The author is of the opinion that the decision and its justification deserve approval. Taking into account the circumstances of the case and Swedish regulations, which are liberal concerning abortion law and does not provide the possibility for nurses and midwives to invoke the conscientious objection clause, the decision should be positively assesses. However, the Court's decision cannot be read as a breakthrough, because if the case concerned a different state of affairs, e.g. from Poland, the outcome might be completely different. It was emphasised that the situation in Poland after the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal in 2015 concerning the doctors' conscience clause introduced legal confusion and unclear situation of nurses and midwives, who were not affected by this judgment.
Charakter prawny zabiegów kosmetycznych i medycyny estetycznej
Authors: Rożdżeński Wojciech
Published: September 2024

Cosmetic and aesthetic medicine procedures have long been a cause of public controversy, caused by the unclear eligibility of the various professions to perform them. This issue has not escaped the attention of jurisprudence, which is trying to resolve the issue of their classification as a health care service, as well as the possibility of recognizing people who receive such procedures as patients within the meaning of medical law. The court rulings to date have been ambiguous, but it is possible to see trends forming. This paper is an attempt to define and classify the various types of services in the field of commonly understood "aesthetic medicine"; in particular, this study proposes to make a division, in accordance with accepted definitions in medicine, into cosmetic procedures, aesthetic medicine procedures and plastic surgery procedures. Making such a division facilitates discussion of the legal nature of the various procedures and allows for their further classification.
Ile waży słowo?
Authors: Bielska-Brodziak Agnieszka , Urban Tadeusz
Published: September 2024

Authors of the paper analyze both legal and organizational determinants of the expert witness choice in the scope of penal and professional judicial cases concerning medical law. The analysis starts with laying out two case studies revolving around the matter of obstetrical misconduct. In both those cases, the initial expert witness’ opinions were implying doctor’s liability for death of the fetus; the following judgements, in turn, were leading to lack of guilt on part of the physicians. Prolonged criminal trials - even if caused only by the misjudgments of expert witnesses - are connected with immense material and immaterial costs for the society, medical community and the physician himself. From that perspective, making the right choice of expert witness seems to be crucial for the “quality” of judicial procedure. The problem arises although because of the fact that the courts/the prosecutor do not possess the necessary specialist knowledge (hence the reason of using expert witnesses in the first place) of which a certain level is required to make a proper choice of expert on that particular matter. However, the courts (prosecutor's office) can not be released of that responsibility; we should rather try to answer the question of the best possible conditions, both legal and organizational, that should be provided to the court (prosecutor's office) in order to make the best choice possible.
Postulat usunięcia instytucji klauzuli sumienia z polskiego porządku prawnego
Authors: Sitarz Olga
Published: September 2024

The author presents her own positions regarding the conscience clause in the legal system on three levels: de lege lata the subjective and objective scope of the conscience clause based on the meaning of Art. 53 of the Constitution and Art. 39 of the act on the professions of doctor and dentist, assessment of the legitimacy of the conscience clause de lege lata, formulation of de lege ferenda postulates. Criticism of the legitimacy of the general clause refers to four fundamental issues: 1) the complete lack of definition of conscience, its characteristics, and even authenticity, 2) the subjective and objective scope of the conscience clause, 3) the instability of the legal system, and 4) discrimination against third parties affected by consequences of the conscience clause as participants in trading. The conducted considerations lead to the conclusion that the conscience clause should be removed in the Polish legal order, and in emergency situations, the criminal law assessment should be based on Art. 26 of the Penal Code.
Realizacja praw pacjenta w dobie stanu epidemii COVID-19 a udzielanie teleporad w ramach podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej – rozważania w świetle sygnałów wpływających do Rzecznika Praw Pacjenta
Authors: Zoń Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

A specific situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the functioning of the healthcare system. It was necessary to guarantee both the safety of entities participating in the process of providing health services, as well as the implementation of patients' rights in terms of availability and continuity of health services. The study aims to identify and classify the most frequent problems related to the provision of online consultation in primary medical care in a specific epidemic situation. The analysis was carried out based on signals reported to the Patient Ombudsman. To sum up, the subject of the difficulties reported by patients changed during the state of the epidemic. It could be distinguished not only problems characteristic for above form of provision of health services but also systemic obstacles. The main issue was the availability of health care services, which are appropriate for the patient's health needs. Over time the problems also related to the quality of online consultation and using this form of service to take care of the patient over an extended period.
Między opieką a usługą - program pilotażowy w zakresie zdrowia reprodukcyjnego w kontekście dostępu osób małoletnich do antykoncepcji awaryjnej
Authors: Rożdżeński Wojciech
Published: September 2024

The pilot program in the field of pharmacist services regarding reproductive health is the Ministry of Health's response to President Andrzej Duda's veto of the amendment to the pharmaceutical law, which was to facilitate access to the so-called emergency contraception. This article is an attempt to evaluate the new regulations and discusses interpretation difficulties arising during the work on the new regulations. The study aims to resolve the legal nature of the procedures described in the regulation.
O tym jak ustawodawca ujmuje bliskie relacje w polskim prawie medycznym
Authors: Drapalska-Grochowicz Marlena
Published: September 2024

Individuals remain in a variety of relationships throughout their lives, some of them giving special value by calling them close ones. What constitutes closeness in an individual experience difficult to put into a uniform scheme - the personal feeling of bonds formed in specific relationships is decisive here. Staying in positive close relationships can significantly affect the quality of life of individuals, the level of perceived happiness and health. On the other hand, close ones can influence the decisions made by the patient - convincing with good intentions, but also manipulating and forcing to behave in certain way. When an individual becomes a patient, (as a rule) he or she remains in these various relationships. Relationality, as a rule, triggers in individuals the need to surround their close ones with care and support, but also themutual need for the presence and information about the patient's health. It is an easy task for medical staff to maintain the boundaries between care and interference of close person’s of patients. Individuals know best who is close to them and who they need when they become patients. However, it is not always that simple- the patient may be unconscious or have difficult contact with him. Then, a very wide catalog of relatives recognized as such by the legislator (e.g. the spouse's grandparents, grandchildren's spouses, in-laws) is entitled to information on the patient's health condition. The legislator gave closeness a specific meaning, e.g. within the legal definition of a "close person" in the Act on Patient Rights and Patient's Rights Ombudsman and another legal acts in the field of medical law. Interestingly, under other European legislation, legal definitions of "close person" or "family" are not used for the purposes of legal acts in the field of medical law (e.g. Spain, Czech Republic, Germany). The catalog of relatives distinguished by the Polish legislator raises a number of legal and ethical doubts - due to its structure, scope and practical usefulness. If closeness is a value worth realizing in the treatment process, then what vision is to be adopted - static, created in isolation from the social context to which it relates, or dynamic, allowing to establish specific relationships from the perspective of actually existing relationships? Determining who is close to the patient is of great practical importance - for the patient, respect for his autonomy and also for the medical staff. The article presents a critical reflection on the importance of closeness in medical law, in particular on who is considered to be close and what rights are associated with closeness. It should be considered whether the definition of closeness is necessary on the basis of polish medical law, and whether such a normative approach to closeness translates into effective support for the patient and people who are actually close to him.
Asygnowanie medycznych badań naukowych
Authors: Dytko Jan
Published: September 2024

The Agency for Medical Research is a state legal entity, located in the broadly understood System of Medical Law and Health Sciences. Supervision over the activities of the Agency is exercised by the minister of health. The legal basis for the Agency's activity is the law and the statute. The tasks and competences of the Agency are listed in an exhaustive list, and their catalogue is of a close nature.
Financial participation in medical research is at the forefront of the Agency's activity. It also includes international cooperation. Beneficiaries of funding for medical scientific research take part in a competition whose aim is to select the most beneficial research project. The competition procedure consists of several stages, from the submission of applications by interested parties to the conclusion of the grant contract. The conclusion of the contract is preceded by a formal and substantive assessment of each research project submitted to the competition. In the event of an infringement, the contest may be cancelled by the President of the Agency with ex tunc effect.
Glosa do postanowienia Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 13 czerwca 2013 r. sygn. IV CSK 126/13
Authors: Ciechorski Jan
Published: September 2024

Forced admission to a psychiatric hospital constitutes a very profound interference with fundamental human rights. This necessitates a strict interpretation of the provisions authorizing it. The court adjudicating on the placement of a mentally ill person pursuant to Art. 29 sec. 1 of the Mental Health Protection Act is obliged to take evidence from an expert psychiatrist's opinion, however, it cannot rely solely on it, it is also necessary to make one's own findings regarding the factual grounds for such admission. However, the failure to take evidence based on the opinion of an expert psychiatrist justifies the allegation that the court did not recognize the essence of the case. The Mental Health Act comprehensively regulates admission to a psychiatric hospital (also without consent), which excludes other regulations on the basis of lex specialis derogat legi generali. Contrary to urgent admission, the reasons for admission on application concern only the good of the mentally ill. The basis for admission pursuant to Art. 29 sec. 1 point 1 of the act constitutes a significant deterioration of mental health, not only "ordinary". This deterioration must endanger the patient's life in the long run.