bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Mediators in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Stem Extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Muniandy Katyakyini , Gothai Sivapragasam , Badran Khaleel M. H. , Suresh Kumar S. , Esa Norhaizan Mohd , Arulselvan Palanisamy
Published: August 2018

Alternanthera sessilis, an edible succulent herb, has been widely used as herbal drug in many regions around the globe. Inflammation is a natural process of the innate immune system, accompanied with the increase in the level of proinflammatory mediators, for example, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2); cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); and enzymes including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) via the activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunit p65 due to the phosphorylation of inhibitory protein, IκBα. Inflammation over a short period of time is essential for its therapeutic effect. However, prolonged inflammation can be detrimental as it is related to many chronic diseases such as delayed wound healing, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, ways to curb chronic inflammation have been extensively investigated. In line with that, in this present study, we attempted to study the suppression activity of the proinflammatory cytokines and mediators as a characteristic of anti-inflammatory action, by using stem extract of A. sessilis in the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The results showed that the extract has significantly inhibited the production of the proinflammatory mediators including NO and PGE2; cytokines comprising IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα; and enzymes covering the iNOS and COX-2 by preventing the IκBα from being degraded, to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 in order to hinder the inflammatory pathway activation. These results indicated that the stem extract of A. sessilis could be an effective candidate for ameliorating inflammatory-associated complications.
The Moderating Effect of Guanxi on the Dynamic Capacity and Competitive Advantage of Chinese International Contractors
Authors: Lin Yi-Hsin , Chen Qihui , Liao Pin-Chao , Chen Po-Han , Cheng Shuping
Published: August 2018

With the active support of the national policy “One Belt and One Road” Initiative, Chinese contractors seized this historic opportunity to accelerate strategic globalization, and they gradually stood out in international construction projects owing to their low‐cost advantage. However, despite China having large‐scale contractors and wide‐range business, compared to developed countries, a considerably large gap still exists. China is confronted with complex and changeable international projects filled with increasing competition. Thus, it is both a focus issue and a major task for Chinese international contractors, and many scholars, to consider how Chinese contractors can obtain and maintain long‐term competitive advantages to improve their capabilities in response to dynamic environmental changes. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (1) to study the influence of the dynamic capability of Chinese contractors on competitive advantage in a project and (2) to explore the moderating effect of Chinese guanxi on the dynamic capability and competitive advantage of Chinese international contractors. This study primarily aimed at researching the impact of dynamic capacity of Chinese contractors on competitive advantage and the moderating effects of Chinese guanxi. The findings suggest that the environmental perception capability and the integration and coordination capability of the dynamic capability have a significant positive effect on the project competitive advantage; business guanxi positively moderates the relationship between the environmental perception capability and the competitive advantage. Business guanxi also negatively moderates the relationship between learning ability and competitive advantage, while political guanxi negatively moderates the relationship between the environmental perception capability and competitive advantage. This paper contributes to the construction management literature not only by providing empirical evidence on the dynamic capability and competitive advantage of Chinese contractors but also by expanding guanxi research. The results may also help Chinese contractors by providing strategic reform guidance and sustainable development in international construction projects.
Diverse Mobile System for Location‐Based Mobile Data
Authors: Liao Qing , Tan Haoyu , Luo Wuman , Ding Ye
Published: August 2018

The value of large amount of location‐based mobile data has received wide attention in many research fields including human behavior analysis, urban transportation planning, and various location‐based services. Nowadays, both scientific and industrial communities are encouraged to collect as much location‐based mobile data as possible, which brings two challenges: (1) how to efficiently process the queries of big location‐based mobile data and (2) how to reduce the cost of storage services, because it is too expensive to store several exact data replicas for fault‐tolerance. So far, several dedicated storage systems have been proposed to address these issues. However, they do not work well when the ranges of queries vary widely. In this work, we design a storage system based on diverse replica scheme which not only can improve the query processing efficiency but also can reduce the cost of storage space. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to investigate the data storage and processing in the context of big location‐based mobile data. Specifically, we conduct in‐depth theoretical and empirical analysis of the trade‐offs between different spatial‐temporal partitioning and data encoding schemes. Moreover, we propose an effective approach to select an appropriate set of diverse replicas, which is optimized for the expected query loads while conforming to the given storage space budget. The experiment results show that using diverse replicas can significantly improve the overall query performance and the proposed algorithms for the replica selection problem are both effective and efficient.
Reinforcing the Structural Stability of Old Nationally Important Trees with FRP Wraps
Authors: Yi Zheong Jun , Kang Junsuk
Published: August 2018

This study evaluated the structural effects of applying fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps around their trunks to support old trees of national importance. High wind loads such as windstorms or hurricanes represent a major threat to tall trees, and researchers have assessed the structural behaviors of trees under wind loads using both analytical and experimental approaches. As yet, however, there is no widely accepted method to safely reinforce the structural stability of nationally and historically important tall trees subject to severe wind loads. Traditional reinforcing methodologies can actually damage supported areas as the supports are relatively stiff compared to the main trunk, introducing stressful interactions. FRP materials have high tensile strength, durability, and flexibility; hence, wrapping them around the surface of the tree trunk could enhance the overall stability of a tall tree subjected to high winds without sacrificing the tree’s visual aesthetics or damaging the bark. This study applied nonlinear finite element (FE) analyses to evaluate the complex structural behaviors of the wood and FRP wraps, both of which are anisotropic materials. The results revealed that FRP wraps offer a highly effective way to enhance the structural stability of tall trees with minimal cost.
Modeling, Analysis, and Design of a Fuzzy Logic Controller for an AHU in the S.J. Carew Building at Memorial University
Authors: Abdo-Allah Almahdi , Iqbal Tariq , Pope Kevin
Published: August 2018

Proper functioning of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems is important for efficient thermal management, as well as operational costs. Most of these systems use nonlinear time variances to handle disturbances, along with controllers that try to balance rise times and stability. The latest generation of fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) is algorithm-based and is used to control indoor temperatures, CO2 concentrations in air handling units (AHUs), and fan speeds. These types of controllers work through the manipulation of dampers, fans, and valves to adjust flow rates of water and air. In this paper, modulating equal percentage globe valves, fans speed, and dampers position have been modeled according to exact flow rates of hot water and air into the building, and a new approach to adapting FLC through the modification of fuzzy rules surface is presented. The novel system is a redesign of an FLC using MATLAB/Simulink, with the results showing an enhancement in thermal comfort levels.
Ceftriaxone Treatment for Neuronal Deficits: A Histological and MEMRI Study in a Rat Model of Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Ho Ying-Jui , Weng Jun-Cheng , Lin Chih-Li , Shen Mei-Shiuan , Li Hsin-Hua , Liao Wen-Chieh , Tsai Nu-Man , Hung Ching-Sui , Lai Te-Jen , Lee I-Yen
Published: August 2018

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is characterized by neuronal deficits and α-synuclein inclusions in the brain. Ceftriaxone (CEF), a β-lactam antibiotic, has been suggested as a therapeutic agent in several neurodegenerative disorders for its abilities to counteract glutamate-mediated toxicity and to block α-synuclein polymerization. By using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) and immunohistochemistry, we measured the effects of CEF on neuronal activity and α-synuclein accumulation in the brain in a DLB rat model. The data showed that CEF corrected neuronal density and activity in the hippocampal CA1 area, suppressed hyperactivity in the subthalamic nucleus, and reduced α-synuclein accumulation, indicating that CEF is a potential agent in the treatment of DLB.
Sensory Electrical Stimulation Cueing May Reduce Freezing of Gait Episodes in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Rosenthal Lois , Sweeney Dean , Cunnington Anne-Louise , Quinlan Leo R. , ÓLaighin Gearóid
Published: August 2018

Introduction. Freezing of gait (FoG) is a movement abnormality that presents with advancing Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is one of the most debilitating symptoms of the disease. The mainstay of nonpharmacological management of FoG is typically through external cueing techniques designed to relieve or prevent the freezing episode. Previous work shows that electrical stimulation may prove useful as a gait guidance technique, but further evidence is required. The main objective of this study was to determine whether a “fixed” rhythmic sensory electrical stimulation (sES) cueing strategy would significantly (i) reduce the time taken to complete a walking task and (ii) reduce the number of FoG episodes occurring when performing the task. Methods. 9 participants with idiopathic PD performed a self-identified walking task during both control (no cue) and cueing conditions. The self-identified walking task was a home-based daily walking activity, which was known to result in FoG for that person. A trained physiotherapist recorded the time taken to complete the walking task and the number of FoG episodes which occurred during the task. Data were analyzed by paired t-tests for both the time to complete a walking task and the number of FoG episodes occurring. Results. sES cueing resulted in a reduction in the time taken to complete a walking task and in the number of FoG episodes occurring during performance of this task by 14.23 ± 11.15% (p=0.009) and 58.28 ± 33.89% (p=0.002), respectively. Conclusions. This study shows a positive effect of “fixed” rhythmic sES on the time taken to complete a walking task and on the number of FoG episodes occurring during the task. Our results provide evidence that sES cueing delivered in a “fixed” rhythmic manner has the potential to be an effective cueing mechanism for FoG prevention.
Antimicrobial Activity of Amino Acid-Capped Zinc and Copper Sulphide Nanoparticles
Authors: Mofokeng Thapelo P. , Moloto Makwena J. , Shumbula Poslet M. , Nyamukamba Pardon , Mubiayi Pierre K. , Takaidza Samkeliso , Marais Laurette
Published: August 2018

The synthesis of polydispersed zinc sulphide and copper sulphide nanocrystals capped with polarL-alanine (Aln) andl-aspartic acid (Asp) molecules is reported. The resulting nanocrystals were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). UV-Vis absorption spectra of all samples were blue-shifted from the bulk band edges due to quantum confinement effects. PL emission spectrum of the nanoparticles showed peaks at 453 and 433 nm for Aln-capped ZnS and CuS nanoparticles, respectively, while peaks for Asp-capped ZnS and CuS nanoparticles were observed at 455 and 367 nm, respectively. The average particle sizes for Aln-capped ZnS and Asp-capped ZnS nanoparticles synthesized at 35°C were measured to be 2.88 nm and 1.23 nm, respectively. The antibacterial properties were tested using different strains of both positive and negative bacteria and fungi. It was found that capped-copper sulphide nanoparticles were more effective against the bacteria than capped-zinc sulphide nanoparticles.Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923) was the most susceptible one with an MIC of 0.05 mg/mL for uncapped-CuS nanoparticles whilePseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC 15442) andCryptococcus neoformans(ATCC 14116) were the least ones with the MIC of 3.125 mg/mL for both uncapped-CuS and Aln-capped CuS.
Inhibiting of GRASP65 Phosphorylation by DL-3-N-Butylphthalide Protects against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via ERK Signaling
Authors: Zhu Bei-lei , Xie Chen-long , Hu Ning-ning , Zhu Xin-bo , Liu Chun-feng
Published: August 2018

Background and Purpose. The aim of this study was to explore the role of DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) mice model. The involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway was also investigated. Methods. All mice were divided into five groups: sham-operated group, CIRI group, NBP pretreatment group, NBP treatment group, and NBP pretreatment + treatment group. The CIRI mice model was established by the use of the Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion method. Pretreatment mice received NBP (90 mg/kg/d) three times a day within four days before reperfusion by gavage. Treatment mice received NBP (90 mg/kg/d) three times a day within five days after reperfusion by gavage. We detected the infarction area, the neurological severity, and the superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels. Furthermore, we observed the expressions of GRASP65, phosphorylation of GRASP65 (pGRASP65), ERK, and phosphorylation of ERK (pERK) by the use of Western blotting. Results. The result showed that the ERK pathway was activated in response to CIRI. NBP decreases the expressions of pERK and pGRASP65 following CIRI. Additionally, NBP could decrease MDA and increase SOD level in brain tissues. Decreased infarct volume was also observed in the NBP group. Thereby, NBP inhibited the activation of the ERK pathway induced by CIRI and reduced the GRASP65 phosphorylation. Conclusions. The current finding suggested that NBP protected the cerebrum from CIRI mediated by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway and subsequently reducing GRASP65 phosphorylation.
Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér Inequality Related to Generalized Convex Functions via Fractional Integrals
Authors: Rostamian Delavar M. , Mohammadi Aslani S. , De La Sen M.
Published: August 2018

This paper deals with Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér inequality for (η1,η2)-convex functions via fractional integrals. Some mid-point and trapezoid type inequalities related to Hermite-Hadamard inequality when the absolute value of derivative of considered function is (η1,η2)-convex functions are obtained. Furthermore, a refinement for classic Hermite-Hadamard inequality via fractional integrals is given when a positive (η1,η2)-convex function is increasing.
The Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Anomia Recovery following Personalized Observation, Execution, and Mental Imagery Therapy: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Durand Edith , Berroir Pierre , Ansaldo Ana Inés
Published: August 2018

The impact of sensorimotor strategies on aphasia recovery has rarely been explored. This paper reports on the efficacy of personalized observation, execution, and mental imagery (POEM) therapy, a new approach designed to integrate sensorimotor and language-based strategies to treat verb anomia, a frequent aphasia sign. Two participants with verb anomia were followed up in a pre-/posttherapy fMRI study. POEM was administered in a massed stimulation schedule, with personalized stimuli, resulting in significant improvement in both participants, with both trained and untrained items. Given that the latter finding is rarely reported in the literature, the evidence suggests that POEM favors the implementation of a word retrieval strategy that can be integrated and generalized. Changes in fMRI patterns following POEM reflect a reduction in the number of recruited areas supporting naming and the recruitment of brain areas that belong to the language and mirror neuron systems. The data provide evidence on the efficacy of POEM for verb anomia, while pointing to the added value of combined language and sensorimotor strategies for recovery from verb anomia, contributing to the consolidation of a word retrieval strategy that can be better generalized to untrained words. Future studies with a larger sample of participants are required to further explore this avenue.
Analysis of Fractional Order Mathematical Model of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene-Based Therapy
Authors: Utoyo Mohammad Imam , Windarto  , Sa’adah Aminatus
Published: August 2018

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) has been discussed as a basis for gene-based therapy aiming to cure immune system infections, such as HIV. This therapy protects target cells from infections or specifying technic and immune responses to face virus by using genetically modified HSCs. A mathematical model approach could be used to predict the dynamics of HSC gene-based therapy of viral infections. In this paper, we present a fractional mathematical model of HSC gene-based therapy with the fractional order derivative α∈0,1. We determine the stability of fractional model equilibriums. Based on the model analysis, we obtained three equilibriums, namely, free virus equilibrium (FVE) E0, CTL-Exhaustion Equilibrium (CEE) E1, and control immune equilibrium (CIE) E2. Besides, we obtained Basic Reproduction Number R0 that determines the existence and stability of the equilibriums. These three equilibriums will be conditionally locally asymptotically stable. We also analyze the sensitivity of parameters to determine the most influence parameter to the spread of therapy. Furthermore, we perform numerical simulations with variations of α to illustrate the dynamical HSC gene-based therapy to virus-system immune interactions. Based on the numerical simulations, we obtained that HSC gene-based therapy can decrease the concentration of infected cells and increase the concentration of the immune cells.
From DMEK to Corneal Endothelial Cell Therapy: Technical and Biological Aspects
Authors: Nuzzi Raffaele , Marolo Paola , Tridico Federico
Published: August 2018

The main treatment available for restoration of the corneal endothelium is keratoplasty and DMEK provides faster visual recovery and better postoperative visual acuity when compared to DSAEK. However, the technical challenges related to this technique and the steep technical learning curve seem to prevent the overcoming of DSAEK in favor of DMEK. Furthermore, the outcome of lamellar keratoplasty techniques is influenced by problems related to corneal grafting tissue availability, management, and quality. On the other hand, improvements in the field of cell engineering have opened the way for the use of stem cells-derived corneal endothelial cells with regenerative intent. In this overview, latest findings in endothelial cell engineering are reported, and perspectives of clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells for corneal endothelial replacement and regeneration are evaluated.
The Fixed Point Theory and the Existence of the Periodic Solution on a Nonlinear Differential Equation
Authors: Hua Ni
Published: August 2018

This paper deals with a nonlinear differential equation, by using the fixed point theory. The existence of the periodic solution of the nonlinear differential equation is obtained; these results are new.
Using Anthropometric Indicator to Identify Hypertension in Adolescents: A Study in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Cheah Whye Lian , Chang Ching Thon , Hazmi Helmy , Kho Grace Woei Feng
Published: August 2018

This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the predictive power of anthropometric indicators and recommend cutoff points to discriminate hypertension among adolescents in Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 2461 respondents aged 12-17 years participated in this study with mean age of 14.5±1.50 years. All anthropometric indicators had significant area under the ROC curve, with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) ranging from 0.7 to 0.8. The best anthropometric indicators for predicting hypertension for boys were WC, BMI, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). For girls, BMI was the best indicators followed by WHtR and WC. The recommended BMI cutoff point for boys was 20 kg/m2 and 20.7 kg/m2 for girls. For WC, the recommended cutoff point was 67.1 cm for boys and 68.2 cm for girls. BMI and WC indicators were recommended to be used at the school setting where the measurement can easily be conducted.
Resveratrol Functionalized Carboxymethyl-β-Cyclodextrin: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photostability
Authors: Cheng Jin Gui , Tian Bing Ren , Huang Qing , Ge Hu Rong , Wang Zhi Zhong
Published: August 2018

The resveratrol functionalized carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin conjugate was synthesized by two simple steps. The conjugate was successfully demonstrated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV, and FTIR. The photostability of the conjugate was studied by ultraviolet absorption spectrum. After 360 min of UV light irradiation, the conjugate showed a total loss in absorbance of only 12.54%, while the resveratrol and its CM-β-CD inclusion complex showed a total loss in absorbance of 32.15% and 24.05%, respectively. The results indicate that the conjugate was more stable than resveratrol and its CM-β-CD inclusion complex.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Vehicle Incorporating Hydraulically Interconnected Suspension System with Dual Accumulators
Authors: Chen Shengzhao , Zhang Bangji , Li Boyuan , Zhang Nong
Published: August 2018

A novel roll‐resistant hydraulically interconnected suspension with dual accumulators on each fluid circuit (DHIS) is proposed and dynamic characteristics of vehicle incorporating DHIS subsystem are studied in this paper. A 10‐degrees‐of‐freedom (DOFs) vehicle model coupled with DHIS subsystem is established and validated. Four physical parameters of DHIS subsystems which are crucial to vehicle responses are selected with prescribed variation ranges to explore their relationships with the vehicle performance. Simulations of vehicle conducting sine‐wave steering maneuvers are carried out to evaluate handling performance with roll angle and vertical tyre force for DHIS subsystem with the parameters varying, compared with the results for vehicle with the original spring‐damper suspension and conventional hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS). On the other hand, ride comfort performance indicated by total weighted root mean square accelerations at the center of gravity is studied when vehicle is excited by three different types of road pavements when the four parameters vary in the prescribed ranges. Simulation results are compared to investigate the special merits of DHIS subsystem, and the parameters that influence the handling performance and ride comfort most are identified. Overall, the DHIS subsystem can effectively enhance the vehicle handling performance compared with the original spring‐damper suspension, and it can also benefit much to the ride comfort in contrast to the HIS subsystem.
Analysis of Facial Features according to Sasang Types between Native Japanese and Native Korean Populations
Authors: Ang Lin , Kim Jong Yeol , Lee Jeongyun
Published: August 2018

Background. Facial diagnosis is a common practice and essential diagnostic method used in the Sasang Constitution Medicine (SCM). SCM is a kind of personalized medicine in Traditional Korean Medicine which categorizes people into four types, namely, Tae‐Yang (TY) type, Tae‐Eum type (TE), So‐Yang (SY) type, and So‐Eum (SE) type. This study was conducted to compare and analyze the differences in the facial feature across Sasang types among native Japanese and native Koreans. Methods. A total of 843 subjects were recruited for this study, 127 native Japanese and 716 native Koreans, respectively. Facial feature points and the measurements of facial features were assigned and calculated automatically using a facial analysis program. Data of each Sasang type for both genders were also extracted and analyzed. Analysis of covariance was then used to examine the differences in facial feature variables among native Japanese and native Koreans and Sasang types. Results. Significant differences were seen in the facial feature variables related to lower face area and eye shape. In males, TE types had wider mid‐face and lower face as compared to other constitutions. Male TE types were also seen to have narrower eyes whereas male SY types had rounder eyes. In females, TE types had wider lower face width and area compared to SY types and SE types. Female SY types also had rounder eyes. Conclusions. This study presented distinctive feature in the lower face area and eye shape among the Sasang types in both native Japanese and native Koreans. This proposed that facial feature variables can also be used as an objective tool in distinguishing the Sasang types in native Japanese. Further studies are needed in the future to generalize these results.
Pricing Option with Stochastic Interest Rates and Transaction Costs in Fractional Brownian Markets
Authors: Song Lina , Li Kele
Published: August 2018

This work deals with European option pricing problem in fractional Brownian markets. Two factors, stochastic interest rates and transaction costs, are taken into account. By the means of the hedging and replicating techniques, the new equations satisfied by zero-coupon bond and the nonlinear equation obeyed by European option are established in succession. Pricing formulas are derived by the variable substitution and the classical solution of the heat conduction equation. By the mathematical software and the parameter estimation methods, the results are reported and compared with the data from the financial market.
The Role of Nurses’ Uncertainty in Decision-Making Process of Pain Management in People with Dementia
Authors: Rababa Mohammad
Published: August 2018

Pain in people with dementia (PWD) is underassessed and undertreated. Treatment of pain in people with dementia goes awry because of poor assessment, poor treatment, and factors related to nursing decision-making skills. Several theoretical models addressed the role of nurses’ critical thinking and decision-making skills in pain treatment, like the cognitive continuum theory (CCT) and the adaptive pain management (APT). Only the Response to Certainty of Pain (RCP) model was the first model to posit relationships between nurses' uncertainty, pain assessment, and patient outcomes. Gilmore-Bykovskyi and Bowers developed the RCP, which incorporates the concept of uncertainty and how it relates to the problem of unrelieved pain in PWD. The RCP model has the potential to provide good understanding of the problem of unrelieved pain in people with dementia. It also could help to develop a research study that brings comfort to an often neglected and vulnerable population.
Risk Factors for Child Mortality in the Kassena-Nankana District of Northern Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Population-Based Data
Authors: Babayara Michael N. K. , Addo Bright
Published: August 2018

Child mortality continues to be a major public health problem in Ghana, especially in northern Ghana where child survival rates are among the lowest. Though strategies are in place to address it, progress made is unsatisfactory and the Sustainable Development Goal 3 risks being missed. This makes the reexamination of the risk factors for child mortality crucial as results will aid in the modification of existing strategies aimed at addressing the problem. This study was a population-based case control study utilizing data (2007–2011) from the Demographic Surveillance System database of the Navrongo Health Research Center. Cases and controls were selected from the database and analysed unmatched. Cases were children who died before age five and controls were live children within the same year group. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using STATA (v13). The results revealed the main causes of death in the area to include malaria, diarrhoeal diseases, respiratory infections, and malnutrition. Mother’s age at birth, mother’s educational level, and mother’s household socioeconomic status were significantly related to child mortality. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the known risk factors for child mortality in the Kassena-Nankana district have not changed much over the years. Current child survival strategies therefore need to be evaluated and modified where necessary to yield desired results.
Lower Circulating miR-122 Level in Patients with HNF1A Variant-Induced Diabetes Compared with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Huang Xiuting , Gong Siqian , Ma Yumin , Cai Xiaoling , Zhou Lingli , Luo Yingying , Li Meng , Liu Wei , Zhang Simin , Zhang Xiuying , Ren Qian , Zhu Yu , Zhou Xianghai , Zhang Rui , Chen Ling , Gao Xueying , Zhang Fang , Wang Yanai , Han Xueyao , Ji Linong
Published: August 2018

miR-122, the expression of which is regulated by several transcription factors, such as HNF1A, was recently reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hepatocellular carcinoma. HNF1A variants can cause diabetes and might be involved in the development of primary liver neoplasm. Differences in miR-122 expression among different types of diabetes have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate differences in serum miR-122 levels in Chinese patients with different forms of diabetes, including T2DM, type 1 diabetes (T1DM), HNF1A variant-induced diabetes (HNF1A-DM), glucokinase variant-induced diabetes (GCK-DM), and mitochondrial A3243G mutation-induced diabetes (MDM). In total, 12 HNF1A-DM patients, 24 gender-, age-, and body mass index-matched (1 : 2) T2DM patients and 24 healthy subjects were included in this study. In addition, 30 monogenic diabetes (11 GCK-DM and 19 MDM) and 17 T1DM patients were included. Fasted blood biochemistry and miR-122 were measured. The results showed that the HNF1A-DM patients had lower miR-122 levels [0.046 (0.023, 0.121)] than T2DM patients [0.165 (0.036, 0.939), P=0.02] and healthy controls [0.249 (0.049, 1.234), P=0.019]. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for miR-122 to discriminate HNF1A-DM and T2DM was 0.687 (95% CI: 0.52–0.86, P=0.07). There was no difference in serum miR-122 among HNF1A-DM, GCK-DM, MDM, and T1DM patients. Lower serum miR-122 is a unique feature of HNF1A-DM patients and might partially explain the increased risk for liver neoplasm and abnormal lipid metabolism in HNF1A-DM patients.
The Continuous Monitoring of the Health of Composite Structure
Authors: Masango T. P. , Philander O. , Msomi V.
Published: August 2018

Currently nondestructive testing techniques for composite aircraft structures are disadvantaged when compared to instant structural health monitoring (SHM) systems that monitor the structure while being in-service and give real-time data. This paper reports on the use of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) sensors in sensing (or monitoring) and locating the defect of a flexible composite structure. The samples used for the tests were manufactured through the use of vacuum infusion process. The three-point bending test was performed to determine the material properties. The vertical sample deflection was measured through the use of vertical height Vernier. It should be noted that the samples were analyzed as cantilever beam due to limited availability of test equipment. The sample health was monitored through the use of PVDF sensor. The sensor data was logged and recorded through the use of Fluke-View scopemeter. The 50 g mass pieces were used as a mode of subjecting the structure to the vertical load. The experiment was performed on samples with defects (drilled 3 mm hole) sample and no-defected sample. The deflection and output voltage from the PVDF sensor of all the samples were comparatively studied.
A Solvable Time-Inconsistent Principal-Agent Problem
Authors: Li Chao , Qiu Zhijian
Published: August 2018

We consider the dynamic contract model with time inconsistency preference of principal-agent problem to study the influence of the time inconsistency preference on the optimal effort and the optimal reward mechanism. We show that when both the principal and the agent are time-consistent, the optimal effort and the optimal reward are the decreasing functions of the uncertain factor. And when the agent is time-inconsistent, the impatience of the agent has a negative impact on the optimal contract. The higher the discount rate of the agent is, the lower the efforts provided; agents tend to the timely enjoyment. In addition, when both the principal and the agent are time-inconsistent, in a special case, their impatience can offset the impact of uncertainty factor on the optimal contract, but, in turn, their impatience will affect the contract.
Anxiety and Depression among Hypertensive Outpatients in Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study in Andkhoy City
Authors: Hamrah Mohammad Shoaib , Hamrah Mohammad Hassan , Ishii Hideki , Suzuki Susumu , Hamrah Mohammad Hussain , Hamrah Ahmad Edris , Dahi Ahmad Elias , Takeshita Kyosuke , Yisireyili Maimaiti , Hamrah Mohammad Hashem , Fotouhi Akbar , Sakamoto Junichi , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: August 2018

There is a relationship between mental and physical health. Depression and anxiety are linked with the development of several chronic diseases. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among adult hypertensive outpatients in Afghanistan. Methods. Two hundred thirty-four consecutive hypertensive patients from December 2015 to August 2016 were recruited to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire, which has scores for classifying the participants having anxiety and depression symptoms. Results. Of the total 234 patients, 81 (34.6%) were males and 153 (65.4%) were females. The mean age was 54.6±12.7 for the hypertensive patients with anxiety and 63.8±15.0 for the hypertensive patients with depression while this figure was 49.5±10.2 for the adult participants in general population in Kabul city (Saeed, 2013). The prevalence of anxiety and depression (42.3% vs. 58.1%) among hypertensive persons is compared with the same mental disorders among Afghan refugees (39.3% vs. 22.1%) in Dalakee Refugee Camp (in Iran) (Hosseini Divkolaye and Burkle, 2017). Of the total participants, 99 had anxiety (42.3%), 136 had depression (58.1%), and 66 had (28.2%) comorbid anxiety-depression. Multivariate analysis was used. For anxiety age, female gender, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and 2 or more chronic diseases had a significant association. For depression, age and diabetes mellitus had a significant association, and for comorbid anxiety, depression, age, diabetes mellitus, and 2 or more chronic diseases had a significant association. Conclusion. This study shows that anxiety and depression are highly prevalent among hypertensive patients in an outpatient clinic in Afghanistan. There was an association between some sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and anxiety and depression. More studies are needed on a national level to inform the development of strategies for the prevention and control of psychological distress among patients with chronic diseases in Afghanistan.
Capping Actin Protein Overexpression in Human Colorectal Carcinoma and Its Contributed Tumor Migration
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Jung , Lim Yun-Ping , Chao Wen-Ying , Chen Chien-Chin , Chen Yi-Ju , Lin Ching-Yen , Lee Ying-Ray
Published: August 2018

Objective. Human colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer; patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) show poor prognosis than those with CRC cases. There are no reliable molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis of CRC prognosis except with pathological features. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a biomarker for diagnosis and/or prediction of human CRC. In addition, capping actin protein (CapG) belongs to the gelsolin family and has been reported to contribute on tumor invasion/metastasis in multiple human cancers. Here, we are the first to evaluate the expression of CapG in human CRCs. Study Design. To investigate the expression levels of CapG in human tissue array by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels were also confirmed in four CRC cell lines and determined using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Finally, a Matrigel transwell invasion assay was used to evaluate the invasion ability in CapG high or low expression cells. Results. We demonstrated that CapG could be determined in the normal colon tissue and human CRC specimens. However, CapG was significantly overexpressed in the mCRC specimens compared with that in CRC specimens and normal cases. It was also detectable in the four CRC cell lines including mRNA and protein levels. We also found that knockdown of the expression of CapG reduced tumor migration. Conclusions. In this study, we suggested that CapG could be used as a biomarker for metastatic CRC in the clinical specimens. Moreover, our in vitro study demonstrated that CapG might contribute on tumor metastasis in human CRCs.
Adaptively Receding Galerkin Optimal Control for a Nonlinear Boiler‐Turbine Unit
Authors: Zhao Gang , Su Zhi-gang , Zhan Jun , Zhu Hongxia , Zhao Ming
Published: August 2018

The boiler‐turbine unit is really a complex system in thermal power engineering due to its large‐scale nonlinearity, unmeasured state, unknown disturbances, and constraints imposed on both controls and outputs. To design a controller with appropriate performance in above synthetical cases, this paper intends to propose an adaptively receding Galerkin optimal controller design method, in which, the mathematical dynamics of unit can be directly used as a predictive model without any linearization, and the unmeasured state in the predictive model is adaptively estimated using a predesigned state observer. With the help of a mathematical predictive model, optimal control law is then obtained based on a Galerkin optimization algorithm. Due to the application of the useful information measured at every sampling time instant, the proposed method can deal with the tracking problem with constraints rather than the stabilization problem that can be only done by the traditional Galerkin optimal control. Furthermore, it can also be easily extended to estimate and thus eliminate constant disturbances in an output channel using an independent model strategy. Some simulations suggest that satisfactory tracking performance can be achieved even when the unit experiences wide‐range load change.
Fixed‐Time Feedback Control of the Hydraulic Turbine Governing System
Authors: Ma Caoyuan , Liu Chuangzhen , Zhang Xuezi
Published: August 2018

Dealing with convergence time and dealing with steady state are two of the most challenging problems in the field of stability of the hydraulic turbine governing system. In this paper, we solve these two challenging problems by designing fixed‐time feedback controllers. The design of the controllers is based on the fixed‐time theory and backstepping method. Compared with the existing controllers for fixed‐time, finite‐time, and other techniques, the designed controllers make the maximum convergence time of the system unaffected by the initial state. The convergence time is also shorter. Meanwhile, they are continuous and do not include any sign function, and hence, the chattering phenomenon in most of the existing results is overcome via nonchattering control. In addition, they give the system better stability and robustness to disturbances. Finally, the numerical simulation results in this paper will contribute to a better understanding of the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controllers.
Chover-Type Laws of the Iterated Logarithm for Kesten-Spitzer Random Walks in Random Sceneries Belonging to the Domain of Stable Attraction
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Zhu Anwei
Published: August 2018

Let X={Xi,i≥1} be a sequence of real valued random variables, S0=0 and Sk=∑i=1kXi  (k≥1). Let σ={σ(x),x∈Z} be a sequence of real valued random variables which are independent of X’s. Denote by Kn=∑k=0nσ(⌊Sk⌋)  (n≥0) Kesten-Spitzer random walk in random scenery, where ⌊a⌋ means the unique integer satisfying ⌊a⌋≤a<⌊a⌋+1. It is assumed that σ’s belong to the domain of attraction of a stable law with index 0<β<2. In this paper, by employing conditional argument, we investigate large deviation inequalities, some sufficient conditions for Chover-type laws of the iterated logarithm and the cluster set for random walk in random scenery Kn. The obtained results supplement to some corresponding results in the literature.
Study on Vibration Characteristics of Natural Gas Pipeline Explosion Based on Improved MP‐WVD Algorithm
Authors: Ma Huayuan , Long Yuan , Li Xinghua , Zhong Mingshou , Wu Jianyuan , Zhou You
Published: August 2018

In order to meet the requirement of precise analysis of nature gas pipeline explosion, authors combined MP algorithm and WVD distribution to improve the time‐frequency resolution and to solve the problem of cross‐terms interference. The HHT algorithm was applied to the data preprocessing of MP algorithm to reduce the computational complexity of the MP algorithm. It improved the computing efficiency and laid the foundation for big data analysis. In this paper, authors carried out a full‐size pipeline explosion experiment at the CNPC pipeline fracture control State Key Laboratory. Advantages of the improved MP‐WVD algorithm were taken to obtain the time‐frequency distribution characteristics of the pipeline explosion vibration. The research provided a new algorithm for the time‐frequency distribution of nonstationary random vibration, and the result provided a reference for the safe operation and construction of natural gas pipeline.
Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Environmental Exposure to Polycyclic Derivatives in African Children
Authors: de Oliveira Rodrigo Mota , Figueiredo Camylla Vilas Boas , Santiago Rayra Pereira , Yahouédéhou Sètondji Cocou Modeste Alexandre , Carvalho Suéllen Pinheiro , da Paz Silvana Souza , Fiuza Luciana Magalhães , de Miranda Fernando Nunes , da Guarda Caroline Conceição , Fonseca Cleverson Alves , Aleluia Milena Magalhães , Barbosa Cynara Gomes , Adorno Elisângela Vitória , Gonçalves Marilda de Souza
Published: August 2018

Background. The nonracial leukopenia may be a result of exposure to polycyclic derivatives (benzene-toluene-xylene (BTX)) and may arise from a possible change in the bone marrow microenvironment. The present study sought to evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes with hematological and biochemical profiles.Methods. We evaluated 89 African descendant children, exposed indirectly to benzene derivatives. Laboratory parameters were investigated by automated methods and genetic polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP and PCR multiplex.Results. Children with leukopenia had significantly decreased white blood cells (WBCs) and platelet counts, which is not consistent with benign leukopenia. In the same group, we have found that carriers of theCYP2E1variant allele had decreased WBC and lymphocytes. Those withNQO1variant allele had decreased WBC, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts. Carriers of theMPOvariant allele had decreased WBC, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet counts and an elevated free iron level. Children withGSTTandGSTMnull exhibited decreased WBC, neutrophil, basophil, and lymphocyte counts. Our multivariate analysis model reveals that females were independently associated with leukopenia.Conclusion. Our results suggest that the polymorphisms investigated were associated with hematological changes in the studied population. These alterations could be heightened by exposure to benzene derivatives.
Early Cervical Cancer: Predictive Relevance of Preoperative 3-Tesla Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Roh Hyun Jin , Kim Kyung Bin , Lee Jong Hwa , Kim Hwa Jung , Kwon Yong-Soon , Lee Sang Hun
Published: August 2018

Objective. We assess the predictive significance of preoperative 3-Tesla multiparametric MRI findings. Methods. A total of 260 patients with FIGO IA2-IIA cervical cancer underwent primary surgical treatment between 2007 and 2016. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the incremental prognostic significance. Results. The clinical predictive factors associated with pT2b disease were MRI parametrial invasion (PMI) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.77, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.62-8.79; P=0.02) and MRI uterine corpus invasion (UCI) (AOR 9.99, 95% CI 4.11-24.32; P<0.0001). In multivariable analysis, for underdiagnoses, histologically squamous carcinoma versus adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma (AOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.06-4.07; P=0.034) and MRI tumor size (AOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.63-0.92; P=0.005) were significant predictors; for overdiagnoses, these results were MRI tumor size (AOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.06-2.16; P=0.023), MRI PMI (AOR 71.73, 95% CI 8.89-611.38; P<0.0001) and MRI UCI (AOR 0.19, 95% CI 0.01-1.01; P=0.051). Conclusion. PMI and UCI on T2-weighted images through preoperative 3T MRI are useful coefficients for accurate prediction of the pT2b stage; however, careful surveillance is required. Therefore, preoperative decision-making for early cervical cancer patients based on MRI diagnosis should be considered carefully, particularly in the presence of factors that are known to increase the likelihood of misdiagnosis.
Cognitive Mimetics for Designing Intelligent Technologies
Authors: Kujala Tuomo , Saariluoma Pertti
Published: August 2018

Design mimetics is an important method of creation in technology design. Here, we review design mimetics as a plausible approach to address the problem of how to design generally intelligent technology. We argue that design mimetics can be conceptually divided into three levels based on the source of imitation. Biomimetics focuses on the structural similarities between systems in nature and technical solutions for solving design problems. In robotics, the sensory-motor systems of humans and animals are a source of design solutions. At the highest level, we introduce the concept of cognitive mimetics, in which the source for imitation is human information processing. We review and discuss some historical examples of cognitive mimetics, its potential uses, methods, levels, and current applications, and how to test its success. We conclude by a practical example showing how cognitive mimetics can be a highly valuable complimentary approach for pattern matching and machine learning based design of artificial intelligence (AI) for solving specific human-AI interaction design problems.