bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Meconium Metal Concentrations in Newborns from NYC
Authors: Fogarty Fiona , Pavilonis Brian , Shin Jin , Cheng Zhongqi , Sener Defne , Lahage Nadine , Yadav Raj , Gupta Arpit , Dionicio Crhistian Toribio , Gopalan Kavitha , Patil Uday , Jule Jose , McDermott Suzanne
Published: February 2025

Prenatal exposure to metals is a significant concern, particularly in urban settings where environmental factors and maternal characteristics may contribute to varying exposure levels. Understanding the factors influencing metal concentrations in newborns is crucial for developing targeted interventions. This study assessed the association between maternal characteristics, including country of origin and residential factors, and prenatal metal exposure in newborns delivered at public hospitals in New York City. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 301 mother-newborn dyads. Meconium samples were collected and analyzed for ten metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentrations of metals, including aluminum, iron, manganese, nickel, and lead, varied based on demographic variables in the study population. Asian and Spanish-speaking mothers had significantly higher lead concentrations compared to White and English-speaking mothers. No significant associations were found between maternal housing characteristics and metal concentrations, potentially due to participants predominantly residing in environmental justice areas. The findings suggest that prenatal metal exposure in this population may be influenced by prior exposures in the country of origin and socio-economic factors post-immigration. These insights highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to reduce prenatal metal exposure in vulnerable urban populations.
Sustainable synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles with antibacterial activity using siderophores produced by Pseudomonas sp. ABC1
Authors: Mancisidor Walter Cañón , Escalona Bárbara Rodríguez , Vargas Katherine Delgado , Valdés Omara Salinas , Cataldo Joaquín Sánchez , Valenzuela-Heredia Daniel
Published: February 2025

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have significant applications in bioscience and biomedicine. Numerous physical and chemical methods exist for synthesizing CuO NPs; however, the biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles using bacterial metabolites offers a sustainable approach to obtaining metal nanoparticles with specific shapes and sizes. In this study, we produced CuO NPs through a sustainable production system based on the secondary metabolites of Pseudomonas sp. ABC1. We characterized the generated nanoparticles using various techniques and evaluated their application as antibacterial agents. The crystalline structures of the NPs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, which showed diffraction planes corresponding to the CuO pattern. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed the chemical composition of CuO NPs. Scanning electron microscopy images displayed spherical particles arranged independently, with an average size of 19 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited an inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in bacterial growth inhibition after 24 hours of incubation. Our results underscore the potential of bacterial siderophores for the sustainable synthesis of CuO NPs with antibacterial activity.
Genetic diversity and population structure of sweetpotato accessions (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) revealed by single nucleotide polymorphism markers
Authors: Sibiya Julia , Chizhande Nomusa , Gasura Edmore , Mutari Bruce , Chaingeni Davison , Kutywayo Dumisani , Musundire Lennin , Mathew Isack , Dossa Emeline
Published: February 2025

Use of molecular markers has improved the analysis of genetic variation by eliminating environmental influences on genotype performance. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 327 sweetpotato genotypes sourced from the major sweetpotato-growing regions of Zimbabwe and from the International Potato Centre (CIP) in Mozambique using low-density Diversity Array Technology (DArTseq) SNP chip covering the 90 chromosomes of sweetpotato. The genotypes' genetic diversity (GD) varied from 0.12 to 0.50, with a mean of 0.36. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.29, indicating that the markers were highly informative. There was a good representation of minor alleles within the population, with an average minor allele frequency (MAF) of 0.34. The average observed heterozygosity of 0.12 was consistent with the cross-pollinating system in sweetpotato but could perpetuate a narrow genetic base. There was limited interbreeding between the populations of sweetpotato, as indicated by a mean fixation index (F) of 0.68. The high F values indicated that most alleles per genotype were contributed by one parent, which is unusual in allogamous species as sweetpotato. The sweetpotato genotypes in this study could be clustered into two sub-populations with significant differences within the sub-populations. Genetic variation among genotypes is essential for the improvement of sweetpotato. Still, significant genetic gain could be achieved by cross-pollinating divergent genotypes with high MAF to create segregants with rare alleles. It is, thus, important to capture the rare alleles as they help adapt to current and future environmental shifts.
Exploring the Role of KIR2DS4 and HLA-A*02:07 in Predicting Chemotherapy Sensitivity and Erythrocytopenia in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Ye Jie-Mei , Ma Hao-Lin , Jiang Xue-Meng , Zhao Wei , Yu Peng , Wei Wen-Yang , Peng Xin-Yun , Zhang Bin , Luo Yong-Lin , Tang Min-Zhong
Published: February 2025

Background:
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is common in Southeast Asia, with most patients diagnosed with locally advanced disease. Radiotherapy alone is often ineffective, so platinum-based chemotherapy is combined for better outcomes. However, chemotherapy response and side effects vary among patients. Genetic markers, particularly human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), have been implicated in modulating chemotherapy sensitivity and toxicity. Identifying these markers could facilitate personalized treatment strategies for NPC patients.
Methods:
This study included 204 NPC patients between April 2020 and October 2021, and performed KIR and HLA-A allele typing. The control group consisted of 201 healthy individuals, matched by gender and age, who underwent routine health check-ups at the hospital. Among the cases, 110 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who received platinum based chemotherapy were analyzed for the relationship between KIR and HLA genotype characteristics and chemotherapy sensitivity, as well as the occurrence of chemotherapy induced side effects.
Results:
NPC patients exhibited higher expression of activating KIR2DS4 (97.55% vs 91.54%, OR = 3.677, 95% CI = 1.320 ~ 10.168, P = 0.008) and inhibitory KIR3DL1 (97.55% vs 93.03%, OR = 2.980, 95% CI = 1.053 ~ 8.434, P = 0.032), suggesting their involvement in the disease. The BB haplotype, a particular KIR gene combination, was less frequent in NPC patients, hinting at a protective effect (4.90% vs 11.44%, OR = 0.399, 95% CI = 0.185 ~ 0.861, P = 0.016). The detection frequency of HLA-A*11:01 in the NPC case group was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (23.53% vs 30.71%, OR = 0.694, 95% CI = 0.505 ~ 0.955, P = 0.024), and the detection frequency of HLA-A*02:07 was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (17.16% vs 8.70%, OR = 2.175, 95% CI = 1.394 ~ 3.392, P < 0.001). Notably, HLA-A*02:07 was associated with increased chemotherapy sensitivity (51.35% vs 21.91%, OR = 3.760, 95% CI = 1.552 ~ 8.648, P = 0.002). Additionally, the KIR2DS4*003 allele was linked to a reduced incidence of chemotherapy-induced erythrocytopenia (2.63% vs 97.37% in non-carriers, OR = 0.135, 95% CI = 0.017 ~ 1.082, P = 0.032).
Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that HLA-A*02:07 and KIR2DS4 are promising genetic markers for predicting chemotherapy sensitivity and the risk of erythrocytopenia in NPC patients. These results support the potential for personalized chemotherapy regimens based on genetic profiling, helping to reduce side effects and improve treatment efficacy.
The Origin and Properties of Higher-order Near- and Far-field Modes in Plasmonic Metal Nano-rods
Authors: Tepe Hüseyin
Published: February 2025

A hydrodynamic model within the discontinuous Galerkin method is used to simulate the non-linear optical properties of plasmonic gold nanorods. Highly pure spherical and vector spherical harmonics are obtained in the near and far-fields, where each over-tone and polarization represents a unique state. The nano-rods may be treated as switchable quasi-atoms, where the activating mechanism is the intense incident pulse. These properties might become useful in future quantum or optical computation applications. The pure harmonical states are explained by the localized Fermi gas pressure gradients, which is the main force driving the second harmonic generation (SHG).
SCENES OF ARTISTRY: STORIES OF INDIAN HANDICRAFTS, TRADITION, AND INNOVATION
Authors: Mithapalli Amar , Kapoor Shikha , Kanungo Manjari
Published: February 2025

Handicrafts in India exhibit the country's rich cultural legacy in numerous ways, expressing tradition, variety, and craftsmanship. Scenes of Artistry: Stories of Indian Handicrafts, Tradition, and Innovation investigates the evolution of various crafts, combining time-honoured practices with modern innovation and sustainability. The book digs into the historical foundations of Indian handicrafts, their modern significance, and the artists' ability to adapt to global design trends. It emphasises attempts to preserve endangered crafts, their economic and social significance, and their role in maintaining India's cultural identity. This piece honours the artistry and endurance of Indian craftspeople, prompting gratitude for their lasting legacy.
Energy-saving fast-forward scaling
Authors: Hatomura Takuya
Published: February 2025

We propose energy-saving fast-forward scaling. Fast-forward scaling is a method which enables us to speed up (or slow down) given dynamics in a certain measurement basis. We introduce energy costs of fast-forward scaling, and find possibility of energy-saving speedup for time-independent measurement bases. As concrete examples, we show such energy-saving fast-forward scaling in a two-level system and quantum annealing of a general Ising spin glass. We also discuss the influence of a time-dependent measurement basis, and give a remedy for unwanted energy costs. The present results pave the way for realization of energy-efficient quantum technologies.
THE HOMOGENIZATION OF INDIAN CULTURE: A POST-LIBERALIZATION, POST-TRADITIONAL PARADIGM SHIFT IN URBAN AGGLOMERATES
Authors:   Junior Research Fellow, Department of Sociology, Dhanamanjuri University., Paonam Vivek
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of globalization on cultural diversity in urban India, particularly in the post-liberalization era. The influx of global media, technological advancements, and transnational corporations has created a cultural paradigm that prioritizes homogenization over heterogeneity. The dominance of Western cultural narratives has resulted in the marginalization of indigenous cultures, leading to a loss of cultural diversity. The research explores how communities in urban India are redefining their cultural identities in response to globalization. It analyses the intersection of post-liberalization and post-traditionalism in shaping cultural homogenization. The study also investigates the implications of cultural homogenization for the urban populace and how cultural diversity can be preserved in the face of overwhelming global influences. The findings suggest that while globalization has brought about unprecedented economic opportunities, it has also led to the erosion of traditional cultural practices and values. However, many communities in India are resisting homogenization and maintaining their unique cultural identities. The study concludes that there is a need to promote cultural diversity and preserve traditional cultural practices in the face of globalization.
Application of metagenomics in the animal infectious diseases
Authors: LI YANLIN , HAN DIANGANG , PENG YONG , ZUO WEIDONG , ZENG BANGQUAN , XIONG DAI , AI JUN , XIN JIGE
Published: February 2025

The increasing magnitude and density of livestock production on a global scale, the progressive degradation of biodiversity, and the phenomenon of global climate change have led to unparalleled diversification and intricacy in animal diseases. Precisely predicting epidemic trends, achieving early detection of outbreaks, and accurately identifying pathogens are imperative for developing precise control strategies and mitigating the risk of epidemic dissemination. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has recently transitioned from an emerging technology to a crucial instrument for the early identification and prevention of emerging infectious diseases. It also facilitates the understanding of pathogen dissemination patterns and epidemiology and holds significant promise for advancements in infectious disease management. The objective of this review is to offer guidance and support for the implementation of mNGS in animal disease diagnosis and control by consolidating achievements, emphasizing the advantages and limitations of mNGS over conventional detection methods, and clarifying its present-day usage.
Microscopic and PCR survey of Hepatozoon spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs from Antalya city of Türkiye
Authors: TAŞ TALHA , PALA MUSTAFA FURKAN , EMİRİKCİ ABDÜLLATİF
Published: February 2025

This study was planned and conducted to investigate the presence and prevalence of Hepatozoon spp., the causative agent of canine hepatozoonosis, as well as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of canine and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (CGA and HGA), in dogs in Antalya city of Türkiye. This region is characterized by intensive human and animal circulation and offers favorable living conditions for vector ticks. Blood samples collected from 120 randomly selected dogs were examined microscopically and molecularly by PCR to detect the presence of Hepatozoon spp. and A. phagocytophilum. As a result, the microscopic and molecular prevalences of Hepatozoon spp. were determined as 2.5% and 22.5%, respectively, while A. phagocytophilum was not detected through microscopic examination, and its molecular prevalence was found to be 3.33%. During the examination of the blood smears, Babesia spp. piroplasms were incidentally detected in two samples. For both Hepatozoon spp. and A. phagocytophilum, no statistically significant difference was found between the presence of infection and the parameters of age, gender, and breed. The literature review reveals that this is the first study investigating the presence and distribution of Hepatozoon spp. in dogs in the Antalya region, making it the first report both microscopically and molecularly. While there is a serological study using a rapid test kit for A. phagocytophilum in dogs in the Antalya region, this study is also the first microscopic and molecular screening, and the first molecular report of A. phagocytophilum in the area. In conclusion, it should not be overlooked that Hepatozoon spp., which is found at a significant prevalence in the region, poses a threat to animal health, while A. phagocytophilum presents a serious threat to both human and animal health. To effectively combat these pathogens, it is once again emphasized that comprehensive and result-oriented control and prevention programs must be established and promptly implemented based on relevant epidemiological data.
Physical latent defects of the musculoskeletal system of dogs: The scope of the veterinary expert assessment under current legal definitions in consumer sales. A case study
Authors: DZIKOWSKI ANDRZEJ , SZAREK JÓZEF
Published: February 2025

In this case study, two veterinary expert opinions on latent physical defects of dogs sold were analysed. In both cases, a veterinarian was appointed as a court expert, primarily to determine whether a given animal had a disease and when it developed. However, the tasks of the veterinary expert were not limited to this. Case study analysis combined with legal analysis offerred a broader perspective on the sale of dogs in which the buyer is a consumer and the seller is a professional breeder. The study revealed defects understood as physical pathologies and deviations from the state of health of the dogs, as well as other types of physical defects within the current legal definition of a physical defect.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Lupeol-3-Thiadiazole Derivatives as Novel Glutaminase 1 Inhibitors
Authors: Wang Lu , Tian Shuang , Lin Qiang , Lin Yu , Ma Yukun , Luo Ran , Bu Ming , Wang Haijun
Published: February 2025

Cancer cells rely on different metabolic pathways to maintain their unchecked cell
proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. As an integral component in glutamine hydrolysis,
glutaminase 1 (GLS1) has been proposed as a valuable target for cancer therapy. In this study, a
series of novel lupeol derivatives were successfully synthesized using a structure-based drug design
methodology. The anti-proliferative activity of these derivatives against four human cancer cell
lines (A549: human non-small-cell lung cancer cells; Hep G2: human hepatocellular cancer cells;
MCF-7: human breast cancer cells; MDA-MB-231: human triple-negative breast cancer cells) was
assessed through the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.
Compound 9c exhibited the most potent anti-proliferative activity against A549 cells (half-maximal
inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 4.12 μM), and had a selectivity index of 18.27 (IC50 MRC-5 (human
embryonic lung fibroblasts)/IC50 A549). Bioassay optimization further identified compound 9c
as a novel GLS1 inhibitor (IC50 = 6.71 µM). Compound 9c arrested the cell cycle in the S phase.
By blocking the glutamine hydrolysis pathway, it reduced cellular glutamate levels, which in turn
triggered the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced apoptosis. Molecular
docking revealed that compound 9c interacts via the reaction site of the variable binding pocket
of GLS1. Considering these results, compound 9c holds promise as a novel GLS1 inhibitor and
could be further evaluated for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy.
Engineering Field Testing of Non-Sewered Sanitation Systems: Compendium of Lessons Learned
Authors: Grego Sonia , Cottingham Ruth , Koottatep Thammarat , Panuvatvanich Atitaya , Mercer Susan , Hennessy Sarah
Published: February 2025

Non-sewered sanitation systems (NSSS) treat human waste where it is generated, eliminating the need to transport it through sewers. They offer exciting opportunities for safely managed sanitation across the globe.

Informed by the extensive experience of teams working in India, South Africa and Thailand, this book is intended as a practical resource to assist in the field testing of NSSS. It is a complex task to assess newly designed, sophisticated systems outside of the laboratory, in an environment that feels natural to users.

From site selection to decommissioning, we share our insights gained from managing activities and tackling common engineering challenges to help the success of future practitioners.

“When dealing with disruptive innovative technologies whose uptake is significantly impacted by human behavior and acceptance, the importance of engineering field testing cannot be overestimated. The experience and knowledge gained through field testing catalyzes improvements for product development towards a near fail-proof solution.” Jay Bhagwan, Water Research Commission

“A must-read for professionals, researchers, practitioners and policymakers committed to advancing sanitation practices and implementing lessons learned in NSSS technologies. This comprehensive tome distills invaluable insights, illuminating the path forward for a cleaner, healthier future worldwide.” Mei Yee Chan, TÜV SÜD

“The technology testing itself is often more straightforward than the community engagement, stakeholder management, and logistics involved in field testing. Don't underestimate and don't assume that each location will be the same. If this is your first time doing field testing, be sure to read this beforehand.” Jennifer Williams, FSMA

ISBN: 9781789064971 (eBook)

ISBN: 9781789064988 (ePub)
Extracellular Matrix Modulation via DDR Kinase Degradation: Exploring New Therapeutic Frontiers
Authors: Zhang Jinwei
Published: February 2025

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in maintaining tissue architecture
and regulating cellular behavior. Recent insights have highlighted Discoidin Domain
Receptors (DDRs) as critical mediators in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance.
This editorial synthesizes the current understanding of DDR1 and DDR2, unique
members of the receptor tyrosine kinase family activated by collagen, focusing on their
distinct roles in cell-ECM interactions and cancer biology. We explore emerging therapeutic
strategies targeting DDRs, with particular emphasis on differential approaches to
DDR1 and DDR2 degradation. Additionally, we examine the complex relationship between
DDR inhibition, degradation, and knockout phenotypes, presenting the novel
DDR1 degrader LLC355 as a case study. By integrating findings from recent molecular
investigations and clinical studies, we propose a comprehensive framework for DDRtargeted
therapies in cancer treatment, highlighting their potential to overcome immune
evasion mechanisms and enhance the efficacy of existing therapies.
Identification of NR4A2 as a Potential Predictive Biomarker for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yuan Lebin , Bai Ruru , Han Xinhao , Xiang Jiajia
Published: February 2025

Background:

Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of death globally, is characterized by
the buildup of immune cells and lipids in medium to large-sized arteries. However, its precise
mechanism remains unclear.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to explore innovative and reliable biomarkers as a viable
approach for the identification and management of atherosclerosis.

Methods:

The atherosclerosis-related datasets GSE100927 and GSE66360 were retrieved from
the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The Limma package in the R programming language
was utilized, applying the criteria of |logFC| > 1 and P < 0.05. Subsequently, Gene Ontology
(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses
were performed on the 127 identified DEGs using R. Machine learning techniques were
then applied to these data to explore and pinpoint potential biomarkers. The diagnostic potential
of these markers was assessed via Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Finally,
Western Blot, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC)
were employed to confirm the key biomarkers.

Results:

Our research indicated that a total of 127 DEGs linked to atherosclerosis were successfully
identified. Through the application of machine learning methods, eight critical genes were
highlighted. Among these, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member-2 (NR4A2)
emerged as the most promising marker for further investigation. CIBERSORT analysis revealed
that NR4A2 expression levels were significantly correlated with multiple immune cell types, including
B cells, plasma cells, and macrophages. Additional validation experiments confirmed
that NR4A2 expression was indeed elevated in atherosclerotic plaques, supporting its potential
as a biomarker for atherosclerosis.

Conclusion:

Our study identified NR4A2 as a potential immune-related biomarker for the diagnosis
and treatment of atherosclerosis.
A Review on Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, Transporters, and Gut Microbiota on Pharmacokinetics in High-Altitude Environment
Authors: Qiu Fangfang , Sun Yuemei , Li Wenbin , Wang Rong
Published: February 2025

The most significant feature of the high-altitude environment is hypoxia, which affects the activity and expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, leading to changes in pharmacokinetic parameters. Notably, gut microbiota is a hidden organ in the body. High-altitude hypoxia will change the composition and quantity of gut microbiota, affect drug metabolism, and change the bioavailability of drugs. This will provide a new perspective on changes in pharmacokinetics at high-altitude. Most studies have revealed that for drugs with low bioavailability and high clearance, the dosage may be increased accordingly. Conversely, the dosage may be reduced to achieve individualized medication. Therefore, this article reviews the changes and mechanisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and gut microbiota in a high-altitude environment and explains the impact of their changes on pharmacokinetics, aiming to provide theories and bases for the adjustment of drug dosage and the rational use of drugs in the clinic under high-altitude environment.
Breast Cancer: Epidemiology, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Classification, Current Treatments and Various Approaches in Nano-formulations
Authors: Kumar Nitish , . Balram , Singh Gurvirender , . Dushyant , Narwal Smita , Dhingra Ashwani K.
Published: February 2025

Globally, breast cancer is still a major health concern because of its complex epidemiology,
a wide range of symptoms, and a multitude of causes It is mainly caused by the uncontrolled
growth of breast tissue cells and a variety of factors influence breast cancer, including hormones,
lifestyle decisions, genetic predispositions, and environmental exposures. Breast cancer is classified
based on molecular subtypes and their location. Many current treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy,
radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies, are used to improve the
health of patients. However, drug resistance and systemic toxicity may restrict therapeutic efficacy
despite advancements in therapy. In pursuit of these unmet challenges, nanotechnology has
been employed to serve as drug carriers, aiming to optimize therapeutic efficacy and minimize
side effects. These nanoparticulate formulations can be customized for targeted delivery, resulting
in accurate drug localization in tumor tissues while protecting healthy cells at the same time. Additionally,
they regulate the release of the drug, prolonging its circulation duration and improving its
bioavailability. This review addresses various approaches to nano-formulations, such as liposomes,
polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, polymeric
micelles, gold nanoparticles, and quantum dots that can be utilized to overcome treatment obstacles
and enhance drug distribution.
Arterial Stiffness in Resistant Hypertension: From Physiology to Medical Practice
Authors: Saad Rodrigues Cibele Isaac , Roderjan Christian Nejm , Bezerra da Silva João Gabriell , Muxfeldt Elizabeth Silaid
Published: February 2025

Considering that the risks of cardiovascular disease still pose a significant challenge despite preventive and therapeutic efforts, we need new pathophysiological models for a better understanding of risks and treatment based on new concepts. Arterial Stiffness (AS) has been increasingly studied as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. The mechanisms by which AS develops are not yet fully understood. However, it clearly involves not only structural changes but also endothelial functional changes. There are several clinical studies showing that vascular damage is an important risk factor for structural and functional injury of high-flow organs. Carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV-cf) has been considered the gold standard for the evaluation of AS, with a large body of evidence demonstrating its association with cardiovascular disease, regardless of traditional risk factors. Based on the impact of high PWV-cf on cardiovascular prognosis, achieving a decrease in PWV would possibly reduce cardiovascular events. However, the significance of lowering AS to reduce cardiovascular events under treatment remains to be unequivocally demonstrated. Regarding resistant hypertension, it shares risk factors with AS, including advanced age, endothelial dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. On the other hand, increased AS in resistant hypertensives presents a two-way interaction, where uncontrolled blood pressure results in progressive vascular damage while vascular stiffness increases blood pressure, making its control more difficult and establishing a vicious circle. In this scenario, the better the understanding of the complex interaction of factors to AS development, the more treatment options should become clinically available.
The Perception of Smile Attractiveness among Female Students of Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan, 2024
Authors: Erfan Ozair , Taka Gulbahar , Qaderyar Hosna
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Having a beautiful smile affects social relationships, career achievement, and personality development. Everyone has a different opinion of how attractive a smile is.

Aim

This study aimed to assess information about the perception of smile attractiveness toward different characteristics of smiles among students of Herat University.

Methods

A comprehensive descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 215 female students from 17 different faculties of Herat University. A questionnaire with two main sections was prepared: The demographic information section and the questions section with prepared questions about the perception of smile attractiveness toward different characteristics of smiles. The participants answered the questions by themselves or the interviewer.

After coding the answers, the questionnaire was categorized according to the answers, interred, and analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25 (SPSS, version 25, IBM Corp).

The chi-square test was performed to compare descriptive data, such as frequencies, with qualitative data. p-values smaller than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

The most attractive smile according to different characteristics of a smile was a low smile (50.93%), consonant smile arc (48.11%), commissure smile type (52.09%), classic marginal shape (79.53%), displaying teeth up to the second premolar (47.44%), straight upper lip curvature (64.19%) and a slightly touching relationship of maxillary anterior teeth with the lower lip (51.63%).

Conclusion

To achieve satisfactory outcomes in oral rehabilitation, dentists should always bear in mind that everyone has a different opinion of how attractive a smile is and that each case needs to be evaluated separately while taking the patient's expectations and preferences into account.
The Prevalence of Color Vision Deficiency in Medical Students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
Authors: Alnahedh Taghreed , Alnahedh Abdulrahman , Alhawas Ali , Marghlani Lujain , Al Harbi Wesal , Alhadlaq Omar Saad
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of Color Vision Deficiency (CVD) and its contributing factors among medical students enrolled at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 522 students from King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, participated. The student filled out the questionnaire immediately after completing the Ishihara test. Data analyses were conducted in SPSS.

Results

Of 522 students, 29.9% were females, and 70.1% were males. The prevalence of CVD in medical students was 1.5%, with 98.3% of students having normal vision while 0.2% had small changes or misdiagnosed CVD. All eight students with a definitive diagnosis of CVD were males, with a significant association (p=0.04) between sex and CVD status. There was a significant association of CVD status with the familial history of CVD (p=0.002) and history of congenital color vision abnormality (p=0.0342). No significant associations were found for the knowledge of CVD, history of vision problems, eye surgery, eye or head trauma, any exposure to chemicals, current health status, and vitamin A intake.

Conclusion

The CVD prevalence reported by our study is the lowest compared to all other studies in medical students worldwide. A considerable number of medical students were unaware of their vision problems. Therefore, preliminary screening of all school-going students is recommended to ensure they are aware of their medical condition and minimize the potential difficulties faced during studies and clinical work.
The Development of a Cultural-based Questionnaire for Drug Use Prevention Programs for Adolescents: A Delphi Study
Authors: Tahlil Teuku , Hadi Nurul , Maulina . , Marlina .
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to identify a valid and cultural-based questionnaire for drug use prevention programs for adolescents.

Methods

The study used a three-round Delphi technique. A total of 21 participants with knowledge and experiences in community nursing (11 nurses) and education for junior high school students (11 teachers) in Aceh Province, Indonesia, were included. For the first round, focus group discussions were conducted. For the second round, participants were asked to indicate their levels of agreement and provide their comments on the proposed questionnaire. For the third round, participants were instructed to indicate their level of agreement with the final version of the developed questionnaire. The consensus was defined based on the percent agreement.

Results

Initially, 64 questions for four domains (knowledge = 14 items, attitude = 29 items, intention = 9 items, behaviors = 12 items) were developed based on the FGDs and literature review. Finally, the four domains and 43 questions (knowledge = 14 items, attitude = 12 items, intention = 9 items, behaviours = 8 items) were supported by the group panels as the final instrument for the evaluation of drug use prevention programs for adolescents in schools.

Conclusion

Expert panels validated the content of the questionnaire for the drug use prevention programs in Indonesia. Nonetheless, further analysis and implementation of the instrument are required to identify the accuracy of the instrument.
Pleiotropic Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Encapsulated in DODAB:MO Liposomes for Multiple Biomedical Applications
Authors: Pinho Vanessa , Fernandes Mário , Machado Raúl , Oliveira Maria Elisabete C.D. Real , Gomes Andreia C.
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

The development of novel drug carriers is invaluable to maximize therapeutic
efficiency and improve specificity. Dioctadecyl-dimethylammonium bromide (DODAB):
monoolein (MO) (1:2) liposomes exhibit non-lamellar phases in their core that improve the encapsulation
ability of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules. This study explores the use of this
nanosystem for the therapeutic delivery of cytokines, specifically of leukemia inhibitory factor
(LIF). Nanocarriers can overcome the drawbacks of direct cytokine administration, like poor bioavailability.

Methods:

DODAB:MO (1:2) liposomes were produced by lipid film hydration, followed by extrusion,
and used for encapsulating 0.125 and 0.25 μM LIF. The produced nanoparticles were characterized
in terms of size and zeta potential, FTIR and STEM. LIF was quantified with an optimized
Bradford method to determine encapsulation efficiencies, drug loading, and release profile. Cytotoxicity
was assessed by hemolysis, and mouse myoblasts were used to validate bioactivity in
vitro.

Results:

Neither the extrusion nor the protein incorporation steps promoted significant alterations
in cytokine structure. LIF-containing liposomes DODAB (1:2) nanosystem were small
(~200-300nm), positively charged (~50-60mV), non-toxic, and stable at physiological pH. Biophysical
characterization identified liposomal formulation of 200 μM DODAB:MO (1:2) at 0.25
μM as the most efficient system. The bioactivity analysis showed an increase of ~20% in cell proliferation
after 48h of incubation when compared to free mLIF. Also, the LIF-containing DODAB:
MO (1:2) liposomal formulation, when exposed to serum, revealed a capacity to protect its cargo
for up to 6 h.

Conclusion:

The DODAB:MO (1:2) nanosystem was found to be efficient for cytokine delivery,
stabilizing mLIF, and promoting its bioactivity with multiple applications.
An Emerging Outbreak of H7 and H9 Avian Influenza Viruses among
Different Countries: A Review
Authors: Kant Rishi , Roy Prashanjit , Kaur Amandeep , Kumar Hardik , Kumar Ranjeet
Published: February 2025

Avian Influenza [AI] viruses are a class of viruses that have been discovered in
birds. A valuable insight gained from previous pandemics is that every pandemic influenza
virus now under study has viral genes derived from Avian Influenza Viruses (AIVs). Avian
Influenza [AI] consists of Haemagglutinin [H1–H16] and all 9-neuraminidase influenza.
We provide an overview of the epidemiology and outcomes of AIV infections in different
countries. Worldwide, 3417 human cases were reported, over which a thousand people died
as a result of viruses carrying the Hemagglutinin (HA) gene of subtypes H7-H9. Since the
data was recorded in 1966, the first human cases were reported in 1998 up to December
2023 (with 128 reported human infections globally), most occurring in China. The Y280
lineage of H9N2 AI was first identified in 2020 in South Korea. These viruses have killed
at least 622 million domestic birds and triggered multiple illness outbreaks in wild and domestic poultry. Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) is a milder virus that mostly affects
the respiratory system. Three waves of influenza outbreaks have been caused by the H7
influenza viruses, which are transmitted by wild birds and have affected multiple continents.
On May 22, 2024, India's National Focal Point reported a case of avian influenza A(H9N2)
in a person from West Bengal, India.
A Practicable E-commerce-Based TextClassification System
Authors: Das Sidhant
Published: February 2025

This article examines the features of the dealer's brush list evaluation
material in light of research findings on misleading assessment and identification of
online purchasing. A Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model using keyword weighting is
presented as a solution to the issue that it is challenging for the DL model to collect the
feature data of the whole assessment text in a false evaluation identifying job. The TFIDF technique is first used to generate the list of keywords, and then that list's weight is
applied to the word vector. Finally, a weighted vector of words is categorised using this
method of the model to finish the recognition job of erroneous evaluation, replacing the
pooling component of the GRU model with a constrained Boltzmann machine. By
using a variety of text categorization algorithms and comparing their results in terms of
correctness and performance, this research aspires to represent the practical benefits of
applications that use machine learning in the real world. We built a system that can run
several text classification algorithms, and we used that system to create models that
were educated using actual data taken from E-Commerce, a virtual fashion e-commerce
platform. The Convolutional Neural Network technique achieved the greatest mean
accuracy of 96.08% (with a range of 85.44% to 99.99%) with an average deviation of
5.65%.
Incorporating 3D printing and machine learning to revolutionize transportation infrastructure: Building tomorrow
Authors: SAWALHA Ansam
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printing and machine learning (ML) have evolved in various industries, including but not limited to architecture, construction, and buildings. 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), is a tool used for creating three-dimensional structures by layering materials using digital designs through machine learning based on pre-identified parameters and the desired output. However, AM is still relatively unexplored in infrastructure projects. By using AM's new capabilities, researchers have gained unprecedented access to new design possibilities and operational flexibility. However, applications related to transportation infrastructure have not mirrored this revolutionary improvement. Thus, this article provides a comprehensive review of AM innovations and their abilities in transportation infrastructure as a potential future reference to support the Ministry of Transport (MoT) and other agencies continuous rehabilitation of tunnels, bridges, and transportation structures through more efficient techniques. In conclusion, by integrating 3D printing and ML into transportation infrastructure, it is feasible to create intelligent (smart) systems that adapt to changing conditions in real time, enhancing overall efficiency and mitigating traffic congestion. In the future, it is expected to change the current transportation infrastructure to a fully intelligent transportation system, and this goal is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Sustainable stabilization of expansive soils using burned olive waste ash (BOWA) and lime for pavement construction
Authors: FAWAIER Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In geotechnical engineering, soil stabilization is a common practice in which additives enhance soil properties. This is especially important for highly expansive soils, which can cause cracking and instability in structures built on them. The present study investigated using a combination of burned olive waste ash (BOWA) and hydrated lime to stabilize highly expansive soil. A range of percentages for both additives was tested to identify the optimal mixture of BOWA and lime. BOWA percentages of 10%, 20%, and 30% were tested, while lime percentages of 4%, 6%, and 8% were also tested. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of using BOWA and lime as additives for stabilizing highly expansive soil. The results showed that adding BOWA and lime notably decreased the expansive natural soil's swelling potential, plasticity index, and linear shrinkage. Furthermore, the UCS and CBR values of the stabilized soil showed a significant improvement. The results showed that BOWA could be a suitable stabilization agent for the subgrade and base layers in pavement construction. Utilizing BOWA as an additive to the lime-stabilized soil offers environmental and cost benefits.
Trends and challenges in traffic safety: An analysis of road accidents and fatalities in Lebanon (2011-2024)
Authors: Jradi L
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of traffic accidents and fatalities in Lebanon from 2011 to 2024, with a focus on the years 2016 to 2018. Based on data from the Internal Security Forces' records, shared on social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook, a total of 6,916 fatalities were recorded over the decade, with a peak in 2014. A significant decline in accidents was observed during the pandemic years, largely due to reduced mobility and the economic crisis. However, this reduction does not necessarily indicate improved road safety, but rather the impact of external factors like economic challenges and public health restrictions. Demographic analysis reveals that males and young adults aged 15-29 face disproportionately high risks, accounting for over 30% of fatalities and 40% of injuries annually.
Effect of spent coffee grounds addition on biogas and methaneyield from anaerobic digestion of tannery solid waste
Authors: ASEFA Solomon Kebede
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste can be greatly improved when carbonaceous ingredients are introduced to the anaerobic degradation process. The objective of this experimental work was to increase the amount of biogas and methane that could be produced from the AD of tannery solid waste (TSW) by adding spent coffee grounds (SCGs) in various proportions at a temperature of 38±1 0C. The results of this study showed that adding SCGs to TSW during AD has reduced the amount of time that anaerobic degradation takes to occur. This was demonstrated by the biogas production rising from 9 ml/gVS to 150 ml/gVS, associated with methane concentration also increasing from 17.6% to 68.7%. The optimum biogas generation of 150 mL/gVS with a methane concentration of 68.7% was achieved at a TSW to SCG mix ratio of 85:15. This shows that the addition of SCG synergistically increased the biodegradability of the TSW substrate as such. According to this study, the volatile solids content of the TSW was reduced by 49% when SCG was added indicating an improvement of 51.1%. The kinetic simulation with the Gompertz model offered a very good fit with the biogas yield data obtained from the experiment, with the goodness of fits (R2) ranging from 0.9656 to 0.989. SCG addition considerably raised the bio-methane output and maximal production rate during this experimental investigation. Therefore, it can be said that adding SCG to AD at various mix ratios to TSW is a successful and economical way to increase and speed up the production of bio-methane while promoting zero waste and also a circular economy for sustainable development by beneficially handling the two waste streams.
Reservoir storage simulation of Sepaku Semoi Dam Penajam Paser Utara Regancy
Authors: SAYYID KAMIL R.W.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The Sepaku Semoi Dam is located in East Kalimantan Province. This dam aims to supply raw water supply for the IKN area, North Penajam Paser Regency, and Balikpapan City. Population growth and the Government's plan to move the Country’s Capital City to East Kalimantan Province encourage the high demand for raw water, so that in fulfillment it requires the construction of dams. In addition to being able to supply water continuously, the dam must also be safe from failure due to overtopping. The rainfall used is from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite, with the design flood discharge using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph method. The mainstay discharge comes from BWS Kalimantan IV. The results of flood routing of the Sepaku Semoi Dam do not have the potential for overtopping with the highest elevation Q1000 + 23.636 m and QPMF + 24.475 m. The need for raw water in the short-term projection is 1.55 m3/s medium term 3.60 m3/s and long term 4.94 m3/s. From the reservoir storage simulation, the largest outflow discharge was obtained with a short-term raw water demand of 2,330,433 m3/0.5 months, a medium-term of 5,164,353 m3/0.5 months, and a long-term of 7,001,073 m3/0.5 months. With this, the highest reliability opportunity in the simulation of short-term raw water needs is 100%, the highest failure is 0%, the medium-term highest reliability is 100%, the highest failure is 92%, and the long-term highest reliability is 71%, the highest failure is 100%.
An inquiry into Amman bus rapid transit elements
Authors: ABID Rana Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Bus rapid transit (BRT), labeled by modernized vehicles, dedicated bus ways, and utilization of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies, is widely considered a cost-effective solution to provide affordable and effective transport service. This paper examines the infrastructure and operational elements of Amman BRT system using on-site investigations and open-source data. The research findings reveal that the public transportation sector in Amman has not experienced significant progress, with the Amman Bus and BRT corridor being the only notable advancements. The Amman BRT corridor consists of two physically separate routes with three main terminals: limited station design, minimal ITS capabilities, and an onboard fare collection system. Unfortunately, the absence of activated ITS at stations, Bus Priority at Traffic Signals, and off-board fare collection systems hinders the efficiency of Amman BRT. Limited integration with the transportation network reduces its potential and appeal to passengers. To improve the situation, it is necessary to enhance stations, activate ITS technologies, apply ride-station-based or trip-length-based fares, and integrate Amman BRT with the transportation network, especially the bus network. Additionally, more promotional efforts are required to inform the public of a project's current status and future initiatives.