bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new neutrosophic model using DUS-Weibull transformation with application
Authors: Nayana B. M. , Anakha K. K. , Chacko V. M. , Aslam Muhammad , Albassam Mohammed
Published: March 2022

There is a need to comprehend real-world problems that are marked by ambiguity and inflexibility. By taking into account the indeterminacies and inconsistencies, DUS transformation has been taken to Neutrosophic Weibull distribution and DUS-Neutrosophic Weibull distribution is proposed. The probability density function is unimodal and decreasing in nature. Several statistical properties have been studied. The parameters of the proposed distribution are estimated using the maximum likelihood method. The proposed distribution has been validated on a real data set. The estimates are found to be more accurate than the classical distributions.
Ranking of communities in multiplex spatiotemporal models of brain dynamics
Authors: Wilsenach James B. , Warnaby Catherine E. , Deane Charlotte M. , Reinert Gesine D.
Published: March 2022

As a relatively new field, network neuroscience has tended to focus on aggregate behaviours of the brain averaged over many successive experiments or over long recordings in order to construct robust brain models. These models are limited in their ability to explain dynamic state changes in the brain which occurs spontaneously as a result of normal brain function. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) trained on neuroimaging time series data have since arisen as a method to produce dynamical models that are easy to train but can be difficult to fully parametrise or analyse. We propose an interpretation of these neural HMMs as multiplex brain state graph models we term Hidden Markov Graph Models. This interpretation allows for dynamic brain activity to be analysed using the full repertoire of network analysis techniques. Furthermore, we propose a general method for selecting HMM hyperparameters in the absence of external data, based on the principle of maximum entropy, and use this to select the number of layers in the multiplex model. We produce a new tool for determining important communities of brain regions using a spatiotemporal random walk-based procedure that takes advantage of the underlying Markov structure of the model. Our analysis of real multi-subject fMRI data provides new results that corroborate the modular processing hypothesis of the brain at rest as well as contributing new evidence of functional overlap between and within dynamic brain state communities. Our analysis pipeline provides a way to characterise dynamic network activity of the brain under novel behaviours or conditions.
Wrong Brains at the Wrong Time? Understanding ADHD Through the Diachronic Constitution of Minds
Authors: Dengsø Mads J.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this theoretical analysis of current research on ADHD is to provide an account integrating executive functional profiles with its broader structural neurodevelopmental profile.

Methods

Comparative theoretical analyses between executive functional deficit disorder models of ADHD and results from default mode network fMRI data. This was followed by an analysis of the temporal profile of ADHD and phase synchronous neural assemblies.

Results

Comparative analyses suggest disparities within executive functional deficit disorder models and discontinuities between executive functional and structural profiles of ADHD. Analysis of the temporal signature of ADHD provides a potential avenue for integrating different profiles by means of anchoring executive functions within inherent diachronic neurocognitive organization.

Conclusions

The analyses provided suggest that executive functional deficits in ADHD arise from much broader idiosyncrasies, rooted within the inherent diachronic organization of neurocognitive function, and whose challenges must be understood in conjunction with socio cultural environmental factors.
Forecasting the distribution of Anogeissus leïocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr. by using an ensemble modelling in Niger, West Africa
Authors: Issoufou Abdourhimou Amadou , Soumana Idrissa , Issaharou Matchi Issiaka , Zon Aboubacar Oumar , Mahamane Ali
Published: March 2022

Populations of Anogeissus leïocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr. in Niger have come under increasing demographic as well as climatic pressures, which are threatening indigenous tree species that contribute substantially to income generation in rural households. Understanding how climate makes the species particularly vulnerable to extinction and how range shifts may be driven by climatic change is more urgent than ever. One powerful approach for the assessment of the species distribution is habitat modelling, which is a promising tool for priority setting, conservation decision-making and overall support for species conservation. This study combined environmental variables found at sites where species occurrence has been confirmed and analyzed the results to predict future spreading patterns. High variation inflation factor (VIF) values were found for the series of interpolated climate. The study results demonstrate that soil type, elevation, bio 2 (mean diurnal range (Mean of monthly (max temp − min temp))) and 18 (precipitation of warmest quarter) contribute greatly to the models. The study shows that the species is predicted to have some suitable current suitable area (100,926.1 km2); the South West Niger is the most important region for the protection of the habitat in Niger. The habitat area of Anogeissus leïocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr. is projected to increase drastically suitability areas in future climate up to 2.73% (RCP 4.5) and decrease up to 5.99% (RCP 8.5) according to CCSM4 and MIROC 5. Based on the outcome of the models, the climatic conditions could boost and prevent the development of Anogeissus leïocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr. and their existence. The models and habitat suitability maps derived here with the approach of ecological niche factor analysis can facilitate the prediction of habitat quality under different conservation and management regimes of Anogeissus leïocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr. The findings are invaluable for the implementation of conservation strategies and domestication programmes based on Anogeissus leïocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr.
Social and environmental variables as predictors of mania: a review of longitudinal research findings
Authors: Johnson Sheri L. , Weinberg Benjamin Z. S.
Published: March 2022

Considerable evidence suggests that psychosocial variables can shape the course of bipolar disorder. Here, though, we focus on the more specific idea that the social environment can predict the course of mania. We systematically review evidence from longitudinal studies concerning how social support, family interactions, traumatic life events, and recent life events relate to the age of onset, the frequency of episode recurrence, and the severity of manic symptoms. Although we find some evidence that the course of mania can be worsened by social environmental factors, the links are specific. Among social variables, some studies indicate that conflict and hostility are predictive, but more general social relationship qualities have not been found to predict mania. Some research indicates that childhood trauma, and recent life events involving goal attainment or sleep disruption can predict mania. Taken together, the profile of variables involving recent exposure that are most predictive include those that are activating, reward-related, or sleep-disrupting, which fits with general psychological hypotheses of behavioral activation and sleep disruption as important for mania. We discuss gaps in the literature, and we note future directions for research, including the need for more integrative, longitudinal research on a fuller range of social and biological risk variables.
Universal delivery of a dialectical behaviour therapy skills programme (DBT STEPS-A) for adolescents in a mainstream school: feasibility study
Authors: Hastings Stephanie E. , Swales Michaela A. , Hughes J. Carl , Jones Katy , Hastings Richard P.
Published: March 2022

The social and emotional wellbeing of young people is an area of increased focus for policy and practice. Schools are required to provide a holistic approach to education that includes teaching and implementing programmes designed to promote resilience and address difficult behaviours. Preliminary studies in the USA have shown promise for DBT STEPS-A (Dialectical Behavior Therapy- Skills for Emotional Problem Solving- Adolescents) but there have been no published UK evaluations. The aim of this study was to adapt DBT STEPS-A for a UK setting and test the feasibility of training teachers to deliver this universal programme as part of a mainstream school curriculum. The programme was delivered by teachers to students aged 13–14 years (n = 183) using a waitlist (non-randomised) controlled design. We investigated potential changes in level of emotional and behavioural problems using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Difficulties of Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and changes in psychological skills using the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) and DBT Ways of coping checklist (DBT-WCCL). The views of students (n = 50) and teachers (n = 4) were explored using a participant satisfaction questionnaire. Feasibility outcomes indicate that it is possible to recruit participants from a school setting and to train teachers in the delivery of DBT STEPS-A. A statistically significant treatment effect was observed on the SDQ prosocial subscale (p = 0.04) with a large effect size (0.92). The intervention and some measures were acceptable to participants and teachers. Areas to improve future implementation are discussed.
Management of Psychosocial and Sexual Complains Among Cancer Patients in the African Context: A scoping review
Authors: Ramlachan Padaruth , Tammary Esho , Joachim Osur , Edward Ireri Mugambi , Magueye Serigne
Published: March 2022

Background

There is a lack of specialised psychosocial and sexual therapies for cancer patients in the African context.

Aim

This paper aims to highlight gaps in capacities of health care providers to address psychosocial and sexual needs of patients suffering from cancer disease, develop and share the proposed algorithm of psychosocial and sexual care management in the African context.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review of literature that highlights the psychosocial and sexual complications associated with cancer disease and its management, especially in the African context. A systematic search of bibliographic databases and websites including BioMed Central, PubMed Central, Taylor and Francis Online, Wiley online Library, EBSCOHOST databases using appropriate keywords on management of cancer in Africa was conducted between January 1, 2000 to March 31, 2021, using search words: ‘cancer; cancer treatment; ‘cancer management’; ‘cancer complications’; ‘psychosocial and sexual complications of cancer’. Identified publications were screened against selection criteria following the PRISMA guidelines.

Outcomes

Characteristics or psycho-social and sexual outcomes of cancer were examined and associated management charted in an excel framework with the 6 studies that met the eligibility criteria.

Results

A total of 6 studies were retrieved that met the eligibility criteria.

Clinical Translation

There is need to strengthen capacities of health care providers in the African health care system regarding the management of psychosocial and sexual complications associated with cancer disease.

Strengths and limitations

The study's utilised a rapid scoping review approach that aimed to shed some light regarding the gaps in cancer management, while also providing a much-needed solution to care for cancer survivors in the African context.

Conclusions

The study proposes a psychosocial and sexual algorithm of care to be utilised by health care providers for the management of psychosexual complications associated with cancer disease. The algorithm can assist and facilitate the integration of psychosocial and sexual cancer programs into existing health care services in primary health care facilities making it accessible to most patients.
Science literacy promotes energy conservation behaviors in Filipino youth via climate change knowledge efficacy: Evidence from PISA 2018
Authors: Aruta John Jamir Benzon R.
Published: March 2022

Today’s youth will inherit the brunt of climate change. Science literacy plays a critical role in raising future adults who commit to climate change mitigation by reducing daily household energy use. The objective of this study was to examine the mediating role of climate change knowledge efficacy on the positive influence of science literacy on engagement in energy conservation at home among Filipino adolescents. Data from the Program for International Student Assessment 2018 which included 7233 15-year-old high school students from 187 schools across 17 regions in the Philippines was used to address the study’s objective. Results showed that climate change knowledge efficacy fully mediated the positive association between science literacy and household energy conservation among Filipino adolescents. The study discussed the importance of emphasizing environmentalism in science education, parenting, and community programs as a viable and long-term climate change mitigation response.
Unchaining Disability Law: Global Considerations, Limitations and Possibilities in the Global South and East
Authors: Soldatić Karen , Grech Shaun
Published: March 2022

Pons, Lord, and Stein's article entitled “Disability, Human Rights Violations, and Crimes Against Humanity,” offers a timely and comprehensive analysis of the necessity to legally frame and approach crimes against persons with disabilities across the globe as crimes against humanity (CAH). National public inquiries examining the systematic violations against persons with disabilities repeatedly demonstrate how, despite efforts to report such heinous crimes, these violations remain largely ignored and nearly always unprosecuted. In the Global South and East, violations may be accentuated as complex historical, economic, (geo)political, cultural, ideological, spiritual, and even religious beliefs come into play alongside shifting landscapes of civil unrest, war, and state militarization. Within such contexts, legal measures for the protection of persons with disabilities, particularly for minority communities, meet extraordinary barriers. In this essay, we identify a number of core issues that constrain the possibilities of investigation and prosecution of CAH committed against persons with disabilities living in the Global South and East. Even though such laws are largely grounded in practices and institutions of the Global North, this essay emphasizes the need to ensure that accountability efforts for CAH perpetrated against persons with disability are rigorous in their design, robust in their application, and recognize the heterogeneity of persons with disability on a global scale.
Temporal-filtering dissipative soliton in an optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Tong Hui , Wang Fuyong , Qin Zhipeng , Xie Guoqiang , Qian Liejia
Published: March 2022

Dissipative solitons have been realized in mode-locked fiber lasers in the theoretical framework of the Ginzburg–Landau equation and have significantly improved the pulse energy and peak power levels of such lasers. It is interesting to explore whether dissipative solitons exist in optical parametric oscillators in the framework of three-wave coupling equations in order to substantially increase the performance of optical parametric oscillators. Here, we demonstrate a temporal-filtering dissipative soliton in a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator. The temporal-gain filtering of the pump pulse combined with strong cascading nonlinearity and dispersion in the optical parametric oscillator enables the generation of a broad spectrum with a nearly linear chirp; consequently, a significantly compressed pulse and high peak power can be realized after dechirping outside the cavity. Furthermore, we realized, for the first time, dissipative solitons in an optical system with a negative nonlinear phase shift and anomalous dispersion, extending the parameter region of dissipative solitons. The findings may open a new research block for dissipative solitons and provide new opportunities for mid-infrared ultrafast science.
Martin Luther on the Legitimacy of Resisting the Emperor
Authors: Raley J. Michael
Published: March 2022

Martin Luther (1483–1546) repeatedly addressed the question of whether political resistance might be directed lawfully against sovereign rulers if they acted tyrannically in light of the Apostle Paul's admonition in Romans 13 to honor divinely ordained secular authority. The situation became acute during the 1530s, when the forces of Emperor Charles V and the German Catholic princes threatened to reimpose Catholicism in the Lutheran territories by force. Amidst the crisis, Luther accepted legal arguments delegitimizing Charles as emperor, and, in 1539, with both sides mobilized for war, he contributed the theological argument that the emperor was the mercenary of a papal Antichrist and Beerwolff. Despite viewing the struggle in such apocalyptic terms, however, Luther's own words from the 1520s until his death reveal that his insistence upon obeying “legitimate” authority never varied. Only if commanded to violate godly law were Christian subjects to disobey their rulers and suffer the consequences. After Luther's death, Lutheran resistance theory continued to evolve and interact with Calvinist theory. Thus it exerted a long-term impact both within and well beyond the church when it was appropriated by the Magdeburg pastors, French Huguenots, Dutch revolutionaries, and English Puritans, though not always as Luther would have intended.
The influence of organizational identification on the curvilinear relationship between leader humility and follower unethical pro-organizational behavior
Authors: Song Jun , Wang Kuai , He Changqing
Published: March 2022

This study utilized social exchange and social learning perspectives to develop a theoretical model about how leader humility predicts follower unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB). Using two-wave data obtained from 203 full-time employees nested within 46 work teams in eastern China, regression analyses revealed a nonmonotonic association between leader humility and follower UPB, such that follower UPB was most at intermediate levels of leader humility. Moreover, the strength of this curvilinear relationship was found to be moderated by the followers' organizational identification, such that the inverted U-curve relationship between leader humility and follower UPB will be stronger for followers with high organizational identification than for those with low organizational identification. Implications in theory and practice, along with limitations of our findings, were discussed.
Emplacement conditions and exhumation of the Varvarco Tonalite and associated plutons from the Cordillera del Viento, Southern Central Andes
Authors: Assis Omar Sebastian , Zaffarana Claudia Beatriz , Orts Darío , Puigdomenech Carla , Ruiz González Víctor , Gallastegui Gloria , Hauser Natalia , Kiseeva Ekaterina S. , Molina José Francisco , Pernich Sebastián
Published: March 2022

During the Late Cretaceous Andean orogeny, the compressive deformation associated with the shallowing of the subducting slab caused the development of the arc-related igneous rocks known as the Naunauco Belt. This study presents petrographic, mineralogical and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data for the Varvarco Intrusives (the Varvarco Tonalite, Butalón Tonalite and Radales Aplite), which crop out in the Cordillera del Viento, Neuquén Province, Argentina. The assembly of plutons was formed by mafic magma episodic injection. Amphibole and biotite compositions suggest that the Varvarco Tonalite is related to calc-alkaline, I-type magmas, typical of subduction environments. Different geothermobarometers based on amphibole and plagioclase compositions for the Varvarco Tonalite suggest shallow emplacement conditions (∼2–3 kbar, equivalent to ∼12 km depth). Apatite fission-track analyses give exhumation ages of 67.5 ± 8 Ma for the Varvarco Tonalite and 50.3 ± 5.9 Ma for the Butalón Tonalite. A calculated continuous fast exhumation rate of at least 330 °C Ma−1 is consistent with the shallow emplacement conditions, textural data and geobarometric estimations. In agreement with the thermal profile, the magmatic system was exhumed by ∼12 km within c. 2.1 Ma implying a geothermal gradient of ∼62.5 °C km−1. The last step of exhumation occurred between ∼65.3 and 56.9 Ma. The magmatic fabrics observed in the studied plutons reflect mostly magma chamber processes. The Varvarco Intrusives represent satellite calc-alkaline plutons of the North Patagonian Batholith which were emplaced syn- to post-tectonically with respect to a major deformation stage of the Southern Central Andes.
Free, Prior and Informed Consent in Kenyan Law and Policy After Endorois and Ogiek
Authors: Ndlovu Nqobizitha , Nwauche Enyinna S
Published: March 2022

This article examines the Kenyan legal and policy framework as well as jurisprudence on the principle of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) occasioned by the decision of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Commission) in Centre for Minority Rights Development (Kenya) and Minority Rights Group (on behalf of Endorois Welfare Council) v Republic of Kenya (Endorois) and the judgment of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Court) in the case of African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights v Republic of Kenya (Ogiek). The main objective of this article is to examine the development and level of operationalization of the principle of FPIC in Kenyan domestic law and policy using the Endorois and Ogiek standard. It examines how the Kenyan domestic legal system has responded to these regional and international developments on FPIC and its operationalization.
Out of Place in Time: Queer Discontents and Sigisangjo
Authors: Han Ju Hui Judy
Published: March 2022

This article discusses queer and transgender voices that took part in the South Korean Candlelight Protests of 2016–17 but became sidelined during the special election that followed Park Geun-hye's impeachment. Drawing from theories of queer temporality and feminist critiques of homogenous time, the article argues that idioms of postponement (najunge) and prematurity (sigisangjo) have significantly shaped liberal political discourses regarding the timing and timeliness of social change and minority politics in South Korea. These normative idioms of temporality articulate the stakes of being out of place in time.
A Recycling of the Past or the Pathway to the New? Framing the South Korean Candlelight Protest Movement
Authors: Park Albert L.
Published: March 2022

This essay supplies brief historical context on the Candlelight Protest movement in South Korea (2016–17) and provides the thematic and theoretical framing for the forum “The South Korean Candlelight Protest Movement and Its Discontents.” It lays the groundwork for approaching the study of the protests and assessing their historical and contemporary value for the push for political change, challenging economic norms and social renewal in Korea. In particular, this essay helps frame the forum as a platform for interrogating the connections between revolution, democracy, and capitalism and the limits of and potential for political change within the political economy of Korea and elsewhere.
Disaster risk perceptions and multinational cooperation in Barentsburg, Svalbard
Authors: Duda Patrizia I. , Kelman Ilan , Glick Navonel , Sokolenko Vladislav , Poussenkova Nina , Nikitina Elena
Published: March 2022

Svalbard’s geographical positioning, environmental characteristics and multinational population make it conducive for considering informality and multinational cooperation in disaster risk reduction and response. Most research examining disaster risks and disasters for Svalbard has focused on Norwegian efforts in and for the main settlement of Longyearbyen, with none covering Svalbard’s second-largest settlement of Barentsburg. This paper addresses this gap by analysing how 21 Barentsburg residents deal with disasters. We conducted semi-structured interviews, visually aided by the revised PRISM (Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure) tool, to examine interviewees’ disaster perceptions, sources for disaster-related information and learning, and formal and informal sources for dealing with disaster risks and disasters. Our findings suggest that, despite being risk-aware, Barentsburg interviewees consider the settlement, and Svalbard as a whole, to be safe. The explanation is their faith in the existing disaster-related mechanisms, made up of both local Russian entities and the Norwegian rescue services, especially Svalbard’s governor (Sysselmesteren). Interviewees rely significantly on Russian and Norwegian informal actors and relationships for disaster-related information. These findings suggest that alongside formal approaches, informality may play a significant role in dealing with disasters in Barentsburg, which itself might serve as a platform for international cooperation.
Seeing Like Sophie: Developing Judgment in Rousseau's Émile
Authors: LeBlanc Abbie
Published: March 2022

Scholars often assume Émile seeks to educate readers to become like Émile. However, I suggest that by calling upon his readers to act as judges, Rousseau's aim is not for readers to copy Émile, but to educate them to act as independent judges. The first section of this article argues that Émile's education fails to teach him this kind of judgment. He never learns to navigate the interdependent relationships created by property ownership or family life. Rather, as explored in the second section, Sophie's education offers a better style of judgment. The article concludes with a consideration of the reader's education as distinct from that of either Émile or Sophie. By emulating Sophie readers do not become like her. Rather, through comparing the characters and situations Rousseau presents in Émile and “Émile et Sophie,” readers learn to judge for themselves.
Advance Care Planning for Seniors Diagnosed with Dementia: A Scoping Review of the Canadian Literature
Authors: Anderson Bronté K. , Mihilli Stefani , Kumaresh Manthagini , Kumaresh Aarthika , Mirza Raza M. , Klinger Christopher A.
Published: March 2022

Advance care planning (ACP) is commonly recommended for persons living with dementia. Increasing age and uncertain disease trajectory add complexity to this process. A scoping review of the Canadian literature was completed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of ACP for seniors (≥ 65 years of age) diagnosed with dementia and to provide practice, policy, and research recommendations towards ACP as a critical aspect of care. Twenty-nine articles were grouped into five themes: (1) feasibility of patient engagement in ACP; (2) opinions regarding medical assistance in dying (MAiD) for incompetent patients; (3) knowledge translation to support persons living with dementia, professionals, and caregivers; (4) barriers to and facilitators of the delivery of holistic dementia care; and (5) Indigenous health considerations. Additional research should consider socio-demographic and social/cultural factors associated with older persons living with dementia’s engagement in ACP. Future policies warrant a multidisciplinary approach when reviewing legalities. Finally, ACP knowledge translation should become a routine aspect of dementia care.
The intergenerational effects of paternal incarceration on children’s social and psychological well-being from early childhood to adolescence
Authors: Del Toro Juan , Fine Adam , Wang Ming-Te
Published: March 2022

The present study sought to unravel the psychological processes through which mass incarceration, specifically paternal incarceration, is negatively affecting the next generation of children. Data came from 4,327 families from 20 cities who participated in a 10-year longitudinal study. Parents and children reported on children’s rule-breaking behaviors and depressive symptoms when they were on average ages 5 (2003–2006), 9 (2007–2010), and 15 (2014–2017). Parental surveys and disposition information were combined to assess paternal incarceration at each age. Results showed that children who experienced paternal incarceration at age 5 also demonstrated more rule-breaking behaviors at age 15. Children’s age-9 depressive symptoms partially mediated our finding, such that children who experienced paternal incarceration at age 5 also showed greater depressive symptoms at age 9, which in turn predicted greater rule-breaking behaviors at age 15. Paternal incarceration predicted future rule-breaking behaviors more strongly than did other forms of father loss. Because we found paternal incarceration during childhood is associated with worsened adjustment into adolescence, we discussed the need for developmentally appropriate practices in the criminal justice system.
Why and how does early adversity influence development? Toward an integrated model of dimensions of environmental experience
Authors: Ellis Bruce J. , Sheridan Margaret A. , Belsky Jay , McLaughlin Katie A.
Published: March 2022

Two extant frameworks – the harshness-unpredictability model and the threat-deprivation model – attempt to explainwhichdimensions of adversity have distinct influences on development. These models address, respectively,why,based on a history of natural selection, development operates the way it does across a range of environmental contexts, andhowthe neural mechanisms that underlie plasticity and learning in response to environmental experiences influence brain development. Building on these frameworks, we advance an integrated model of dimensions of environmental experience, focusing on threat-based forms of harshness, deprivation-based forms of harshness, and environmental unpredictability. This integrated model makes clear that thewhyand thehowof development are inextricable and, together, essential to understandingwhichdimensions of the environment matter. Core integrative concepts include the directedness of learning, multiple levels of developmental adaptation to the environment, and tradeoffs between adaptive and maladaptive developmental responses to adversity. The integrated model proposes that proximal and distal cues to threat-based and deprivation-based forms of harshness, as well as unpredictability in those cues, calibrate development to both immediate rearing environments and broader ecological contexts, current and future. We highlight actionable directions for research needed to investigate the integrated model and advance understanding of dimensions of environmental experience.
The effects of music intervention on anxiety and stress responses in adults with CHD undergoing cardiac catheterisation
Authors: Moon Ju Ryoung , Song Jinyoung , Huh June , Kang I-Seok , Kim Jung Hawn , Park Seung Woo , Chang Sung-A
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

This study evaluated the effect of music intervention on the anxiety and stress responses of patients who underwent an interventional cardiac catheterisation.

Methods:

The study design was a pre- and post-test randomised controlled trial that included 94 patients who underwent a transcatheter atrial septal defect closure. Patients were allocated to receive either music intervention (n = 47) or usual care (n = 47) during the interventional cardiac catheterisation. Music intervention effectiveness was examined in terms of anxiety, salivary cortisol level, and heart rate variability.

Results:

The average age of participants was 45.40 years (±16.04) in the experimental group and 47.26 years (±13.83) in the control group. Two-thirds (66.0%) of the participants in each group were women. State anxiety (F = 31.42, p < 0.001), anxiety-numerical rating scale (F = 20.08, p < 0.001), salivary cortisol levels (F = 4.98, p = 0.021), and low-frequency component/high-frequency component ratio (F = 17.31, p < 0.001) in the experimental group were significantly reduced compared with those in the control group at the end of the music intervention.

Conclusion:

This study provides practical evidence of a reduction in anxiety and stress response from music intervention preceding an interventional cardiac catheterisation, indicating that this intervention should be considered in clinical management.
Ultrastructural Changes in the Ovariole of Isophya nervosa Ramme, 1931 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) and Egg Morphology
Authors: Amutkan Mutlu Damla , Suludere Zekiye
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to assess the morphology of eggs and histology of the ovaries in female Isophya nervosa Ramme, 1931 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). While the egg morphology of I. nervosa was studied and examined by a stereomicroscope, a light microscope, and a scanning electron microscope, respectively, the morphology and histology of the ovary of this species were studied and examined by a stereomicroscope, a light microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a transmission electron microscope, respectively. We found that the adult female had two pairs of ovaries, lateral oviduct, common oviduct, and spermatheca. Morphological study of the ovariole revealed that it is categorized under panoistic type of ovariole which is divided into three regions, the terminal filament, the germarium, and the vitellarium. We also observed that the eggs in I. nervosa have an ellipsoidal shape and are brown in color. Three different layers such as extrachorion, exochorion, and endochorion were observed. When the egg morphology is examined, it is understood that the surface pattern of the egg and the features of the micropylar areas may be distinguishing characters at the subfamily level, in addition to known classical taxonomic characters.
Interannual Variability in Methane and Nitrous Oxide Concentrations and Sea‐Air Fluxes Across the North American Arctic Ocean (2015–2019)
Authors: Manning Cara C. M. , Zheng Zhiyin , Fenwick Lindsay , McCulloch Ross D. , Damm Ellen , Izett Robert W. , Williams William J. , Zimmermann Sarah , Vagle Svein , Tortell Philippe D.
Published: March 2022

Between 2015 and 2018, we collected approximately 2,000 water column measurements of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations in the North American Arctic Ocean during summer and early fall. We also obtained 25 measurements of CH4 and N2O concentrations in rivers along the Northwest Passage and Ellesmere Island in midsummer 2017–2019. Our results show that N2O is generated in the highly productive Bering and Chukchi Seas and transported northeastward, producing a persistent subsurface N2O peak in the Beaufort Sea. The Chukchi and Beaufort Sea sediments are a significant source of CH4 to the water column. These sedimentary sources and associated water column consumption display significant spatial gradients and interannual variability. CH4 isotope data demonstrate the importance of CH4 oxidation across the study region. We find that rivers are not a significant source of CH4 or N2O to the Arctic Ocean at the time of year sampled. The estimated annual sea‐air flux across the study region (2.3 million km2) had a median (first quartile, third quartile) of 0.009 (0.002, 0.023) Tg CH4 y−1 and −0.003 (−0.013, 0.010) Tg N y−1. These results suggest that the North American Arctic Ocean currently plays a negligible role in global CH4 and N2O budgets. Our expansive data set, with observations at many repeat stations, provides a synopsis of present‐day Arctic CH4 and N2O distributions and their range of variability, as well as a benchmark against which future climate‐dependent changes can be evaluated.
New Insights Into Lithospheric Structure and Melting Beneath the Colorado Plateau
Authors: Golos E. M. , Fischer K. M.
Published: March 2022

The Colorado Plateau and its surroundings serve as an archetypal case to investigate the interaction of mantle melting processes and lithospheric structure. It has been hypothesized that widespread Cenozoic volcanism indicates the encroachment of the convective upwelling of asthenosphere toward the Plateau center. In this study, we generate a Common Conversion Point (CCP) stack of S‐to‐p (Sp) receiver functions to image the locations of lithospheric discontinuities in the southwestern United States. Our results are broadly similar to prior work, showing a strong and continuous Negative Velocity Gradient (NVG) consistent with the Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere Boundary (LAB) over much of the study area. However, with several methodological improvements, we are able to obtain more reliable NVG depth picks below the Colorado Plateau where the LAB becomes weaker, deeper, and broader. We compare the inferred topography of NVGs with the locations of volcanoes, and find that the majority of recent volcanoes are co‐located with lithosphere that is ∼80 km thick. This appears to be the critical depth at which partial melt from upwelling asthenosphere pooling at the base of (or within) the lithosphere may percolate to the surface. We compare our CCP profiles with magma equilibration conditions determined from petrologic analysis and find good agreement between the depth of NVGs and depth of magma equilibration. This analysis provides insight into the progression of magmatism and lithospheric loss toward the center of the Colorado Plateau, and demonstrates how small‐scale processes like melting influence lithosphere‐asthenosphere interactions that persist over large temporal and spatial scales.
A Health Impact and Economic Loss Assessment of O3 and PM2.5 Exposure in China From 2015 to 2020
Authors: Zhang Xiangxue , Cheng Changxiu , Zhao Hui
Published: March 2022

China is in a critical air quality management stage. Rapid industrial development and urbanization has resulted in non‐ignorable air pollution, which seriously endangers human health. Assessment of the health impacts and economic losses of air pollution is essential for the prevention and control policy formulation. Based on ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter concentration (PM2.5) monitoring data in 331 Chinese cities from 2015 to 2020, this study evaluated the health effects and the corresponding economic losses of O3 and PM2.5 pollution on three health endpoints. The ratio of population exposed to O3 levels that exceeded the Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) increased from 13.35% in 2015 to 14.15% in 2020, which resulted in 133,415 (2015) ‐ 156,173 (2020) all‐cause deaths, 88,941 (2015) ‐ 104,051 (2020) cardiovascular deaths, and 28,614 (2015) ‐ 33,456 (2020) respiratory deaths. The ratio of population exposed to PM2.5 levels that exceeded the CAAQS decreased, but in many regions, especially in North China and the Yangtze River Delta, the PM2.5 concentration remained high. By 2020, nearly half of the population in China was still exposed to PM2.5 levels that exceeded the CAAQS, and the corresponding economic losses reached CNY 3.46 and 3.05 billion, respectively. These results improved the understanding of the spatial‐temporal variation trends of major air pollutants at city scale in China, and emphasize the continued coordination urgently needed for controlling O3 and PM2.5 following the implementation of the 2013 policy to mitigate air pollution to protect human health.
Seasonal Prediction of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation
Authors: Coy L. , Newman P. A. , Molod A. , Pawson S. , Alexander M. J. , Holt L.
Published: March 2022

The ability to forecast the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) was examined using Version 2 of NASA's Global Earth Observing System Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal (GEOS‐S2S) forecasting system. The vertical and time structure of the QBO was characterized by the principal components of the first two empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). A set of 9‐month retrospective forecasts was initialized four times each month between 1981 and early 2019. Validation of 1–9 months forecasts from GEOS‐S2S showed that the S2S retrospective QBO forecasts improved skill in predicting the QBO EOF‐based amplitude and phase over a simple QBO phase propagation model at forecast lead times of 1–3 months. Results from an initial assessment of whether more accurate QBO forecasts can improve Northern Hemisphere winter sea level pressure forecasts showed no significant forecast improvement at a 1‐month lead time, indicating the need for improved stratosphere‐troposphere QBO coupling metrics, pathway identification, and QBO modeling. Overall, these results suggest that future improvements in representing the QBO in global models can increase the skill of 1–3 months QBO forecasts and potentially extend useful QBO forecasts beyond 3 months.
Hydro‐Geomorphic Metrics for High Resolution Fluvial Landscape Analysis
Authors: Bernard Thomas G. , Davy Philippe , Lague Dimitri
Published: March 2022

Topographic metrics are designed to quantify scale‐relevant relationships between geometric properties of landscapes to reveal the processes shaping them. They have long been derived from topographic flow routing algorithms, initially developed for coarse Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), whose resolution (≥30 m) and poor precision did not resolve correctly flow patterns and channel flow width. Since high resolution and precision DEMs make the description of meter‐scale flow patterns possible, new methods are required to analyze high resolution landforms structures such as hillslope‐channel connections, channel width or floodplains. Here, we investigate the potential of 2D hydraulic simulations based on the shallow water equations to replace the classical slope versus drainage area analysis, to analyze river morphology and to identify floodplains. We apply the Floodos model to the 1 m resolution DEM of the Elder Creek catchment, California, from which we derive three hydro‐geomorphic metrics accounting for the river geometry: a specific drainage area extended to channels, an effective flow width and the hydraulic slope. We analyze the Elder Creek catchment through what we call the hydraulic slope‐area diagram allowing a better identification of hillslope‐channel connections than the slope‐area approach. The effective flow width is analyzed along the drainage network and is characterized by a power‐law relationship consistent with previous observations. We derive metrics based on a multi‐runoff approach to automatically identify floodplains and evaluate along‐stream variations in hydraulic geometry. The hydro‐geomorphic metrics offer a geomorphic analysis suitable for high resolution DEMs and opens up new perspectives in fluvial landscape analysis.
Estimation of Global Irrigation Water Use by the Integration of Multiple Satellite Observations
Authors: Zhang Kun , Li Xin , Zheng Donghai , Zhang Ling , Zhu Gaofeng
Published: March 2022

Quantification of the global irrigation water use (IWU) is crucial to understanding the anthropogenic disturbance of the natural hydrological cycle and optimal agricultural water management. However, it is challenging to obtain time series data with the conventional survey‐based approach, while the current satellite‐based IWU estimations are subject to data gaps and the model structure. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive framework to couple the different processes associated with irrigation and integrate multiple satellite observations to estimate the global IWU. The ensemble IWU estimate demonstrates an improved performance when compared to the IWU obtained from individual satellite observations. The results show reasonable correlation with the survey‐based irrigation water withdrawal in states of the US (bias = −0.42 km3), provinces of China (bias = −3.10 km3), and country statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization (bias = −10.84 km3). Large amounts of IWU are apparent in India, China, the US, Europe, and Pakistan, making up >70% of the global IWU. A general underestimation of IWU is found both in this work and previous studies, due to the coarse resolution and asynchronism of the various satellite products, the changes in irrigated areas, and the deficiency in detecting irrigation events under the case of saturated soil moisture. Nevertheless, we demonstrate advantages in integrating multiple satellite observations to reduce the uncertainty in estimating global IWU. However, additional efforts are needed to produce high‐quality and finer spatiotemporal resolution satellite‐based products, to further improve the accuracy of the global IWU estimation.
Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic Lockdown in Ambient Concentrations of Aromatic Volatile Organic Compounds in a Metropolitan City of Western India
Authors: Sahu L. K. , Tripathi Nidhi , Gupta Mansi , Singh Vikas , Yadav Ravi , Patel Kashyap
Published: March 2022

The real‐time Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) concentrations were measured in a metropolitan city of India during January to May of 2020 and 2014‐2015‐2018 to assess the impact of emission reduction during the COVID‐19 lockdown. The total BTEX (∑BTEX) concentrations were 11.5 ± 9.0, 15.7 ± 16, 5.3 ± 5.0, 2.9 ± 2.0, and 0.93 ± 1.2 ppbv in January–May 2020, respectively. The evening rush hour peaks of BTEX during lockdown decreased by 4–5 times from the same period of years 2014‐2015‐2018. A significant decline in background concentrations suggests a regional‐scale reduction in anthropogenic emissions. The contributions of ∑TEX compounds to ∑BTEX increased from 42% to 59% in winter to 64%–75% during the lockdown under hot summer conditions. While emission reductions dominated during the lockdown period, the meteorological and photochemical factors may also have contributed. Meteorological influence on actual observed BTEX data was removed by normalizing with ventilation coefficient (VC). The actual ambient air reductions of 85%–90% and VC‐normalized reductions of 54%–88% of the BTEX concentrations during lockdown were estimated compared to those during the same period of 2014‐2015‐2018. The estimated changes using nighttime data, which take into account BTEX photooxidation removal, are ∼8% lower than the VC‐normalized estimates using all data. These significant reductions in BTEX concentrations are consistent with the change in people's movement as inferred from mobility data during the lockdown. Although enforced, the significant decline in ambient BTEX levels during lockdown was a good change for the air quality. The study suggests a need for more effective science‐based policies that consider local and regional factors.
Preventing autosomal-dominant hearing loss in Bth mice with CRISPR/CasRx-based RNA editing
Authors: Zheng Ziwen , Li Guo , Cui Chong , Wang Fang , Wang Xiaohan , Xu Zhijiao , Guo Huiping , Chen Yuxin , Tang Honghai , Wang Daqi , Huang Mingqian , Chen Zheng-Yi , Huang Xingxu , Li Huawei , Li Geng-Lin , Hu Xiaoxiang , Shu Yilai
Published: March 2022

CRISPR/RfxCas13d (CasRx) editing system can specifically and precisely cleave single-strand RNAs, which is a promising treatment for various disorders by downregulation of related gene expression. Here, we tested this RNA-editing approach on Beethoven (Bth) mice, an animal model for human DFNA36 due to a point mutation in Tmc1. We first screened 30 sgRNAs in cell cultures and found that CasRx with sgRNA3 reduced the Tmc1Bth transcript by 90.8%, and the Tmc1 wild type transcript (Tmc1+) by 44.3%. We then injected a newly developed AAV vector (AAV-PHP.eB) based CasRx into the inner ears of neonatal Bth mice, and we found that Tmc1Bth was reduced by 70.2% in 2 weeks with few off-target effects in the whole transcriptome. Consistently, we found improved hair cell survival, rescued hair bundle degeneration, and reduced mechanoelectrical transduction current. Importantly, the hearing performance, measured in both ABR and DPOAE thresholds, was improved significantly in all ages over 8 weeks. We, therefore, have validated the CRISPR/CasRx-based RNA editing strategy in treating autosomal-dominant hearing loss, paving way for its further application in many other hereditary diseases in hearing and beyond.