Usage features of the present active participles in Ukrainian and Bulgarian
Authors: MARTINOVA-IVANOVA Pavlina 
Published: April 2023

Background: The functioning of the Ukrainian present active participles causes many discussions. Linguists give different recommendations concerning their usage, because these forms are not typical for everyday speech. On the other hand, these participles function perfectly well in Bulgarian as attributes of nouns instead of using adjective clause. Bulgarian present active participles play also a syntactic role of detached attributes in the sentence. Purpose: The purpose of the article is to submit the problem of the limited use of the present active participles in Ukrainian and to present different ways to substitute them in the sentence. The article analyzes also the Ukrainian translation correspondences of the Bulgarian present active participles, which are used in the novel “In the Night Riding the White Horses”, written by Pavel Vezhinov. In this way, it will be possible to find what is the frequency of usage of Ukrainian present active participles as equivalents to the Bulgarian participles in the translation. By making a comparison between these forms in the original text and the translated text, we can represent different linguistic resources, used by the translator to express the meaning of the Bulgarian participles. Results: As a result, we found out that in the translation Ukrainian present active participles do not often correspond to the Bulgarian participles. Instead other Ukrainian grammatical forms substitute the Bulgarian present active participles, such as adjectives, nouns, dependent clauses, etc. and these translation strategies very well convey the meaning of the participles from the original text. Some of the Bulgarian present active participles are not translated at all, because they haven’t got suitable translation correspondences in Ukrainian. Key words: present active participle, adjective, noun, dependent clause, attribute, passive participle, translation correspondence. Andrusyshyn, О., 2011. Participles in Ukrainian scientific and technical terminology. Visnyk Nac. universytetu Lvivska politechnika, [e-journal] 709, pp.31–34. Available at: http://science.lpnu.ua/uk/terminologiya/vsi-vypusky/visnyk-no-709-2011/diyeprykmetnyky-v-ukrayinskiy-naukovo-tehnichniy [Accessed 17 may 2021] (In Ukrainian) Gugulanova, Iv., 2005. The Bulgarian participles in a Slavic perspective. Sofia: UY “Sv. Klyment Ohrydsky”. (In Bulgarian) Hnatyuk, H. M., 1982. The participle in the Contemporary Ukrainian literary language. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. (In Ukrainian) HNBLL, 1989. History of the New Bulgarian literary language. Sofia: BAN. (In Bulgarian) Klymenko, N., 2015. Participles ending in -achyj, -yachyj, -uchyj, -yuchyj. [online] Available at: https://ukr-mova.in.ua/blog/dieprukmetnuku-iz-zakinchennyamu-achuj,-yachuj,-uchuj,-yuchuj-vzhuvatu-chu-ni [Accessed 17 may 2021] (In Ukrainian) Mykytyuk, O. R., 2010. Contemporary Ukrainian language: originality, system, norm. Lviv: Vydavnytstvo Lvivska politechnika. (In Ukrainian) Ponomariv, O., 2001. Culture of the word: Linguistic tips. [e-book] Kyiv: Lybid. Available at: https://www.studmed.ru/ponomarv-o-kultura-slova-movnostilstichn-poradi_7a86048851a.html [Accessed 17 may 2021] (In Ukrainian) Purvev, Hr., 1969. Features of semantic characteristic of the participles in the Contemporary literary Bulgarian language. Bulharsky ezyk, 2, pp. 113–121. (In Bulgarian) Ukrainian orthography trainer, 2015–2021. Creating and usage of active participles. [online] Training Ukrainian orthography. Available at: https://webpen.com.ua/pages/Morphology_and_spelling/participle_active_forms.html [Accessed 17 may 2021] (In Ukrainian) Vezhinov, P., 1987. At night with white horses. Sofiya: Bŭlgarski pisatel. (In Bulgarian) Vezhynov, P., 1989. At night with white horses. Translated by Ivan Bilyk. Kyiv: Dnipro. (In Ukrainian)