bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СИСТЕМИ АНТИОКСИДАНТНОГО ЗАХИСТУ ЩУРІВ ЗА УМОВИ ДІЇ КАРАГІНАНУ НА ТЛІ СТРЕПТОЗОТОЦИНОВОГО ДІАБЕТУ
Authors: Lisnianska N. V.
Published: February 2020

Мета роботи. Визначити активність показників системи антиоксидантного захисту при застосуванні 1,0 % розчину κ-карагінану в щурів зі стрептозотоциніндукованим діабетом (СТД).

Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проведено на 120 білих нелінійних самцях-щурах з дотриманням принципів Європейської конвенції про захист хребетних тварин, що використовуються для дослідних та інших наукових цілей (Страсбург, 1986). Цукровий діабет моделювали шляхом одноразового внутрішньочеревного введення тваринам стрептозотоцину («Sigma Aldrich», США, в дозі 60 мг/кг маси тіла). Хронічний ентероколіт (ХЕК) відтворювали шляхом вільного доступу тварин до 1,0 % розчину карагінану в питній воді протягом 1 місяця..

Результати й обговорення. Встановлено зниження активності ензимної ланки системи антиоксидантного захисту, зокрема активність СОД у гемолізаті еритроцитів зменшилася на 37,8 % і каталази в плазмі крові – на 48,5 % у тварин із СТД. Експериментальний ХЕК супроводжувався зростанням активності ферментної ланки системи антиоксидантного захисту (СОД на – 44,8 % і каталази – на 25,6 %, р<0,01) стосовно контрольної групи. У щурів із хронічним ентероколітом на тлі стрептозотоцинового діабету виявлено зниження активності ензимної ланки системи антиоксидантного захисту, зокрема активність СОД у гемолізаті еритроцитів зменшилася на 59,5 % і каталази в плазмі крові – на 62,7 %.

Висновки. За умови хронічного ентероколіту на тлі стрептозотоциніндукованого діабету активуються оксидативні процеси за рахунок зниження супероксиддисмутазної і каталазної активності у крові дослідних тварин.
ПРОГНОСТИЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ ДИНАМІКИ ВМІСТУ МАЛОНОВОГО ДІАЛЬДЕГІДУ В НИРЦІ ЩУРІВ НА ТЛІ ІШЕМІЧНО-РЕПЕРФУЗІЙНОГО УШКОДЖЕННЯ КІНЦІВКИ
Authors: Volotovska N. V. , Gudyma A. A. , Vadzyuk N. S.
Published: February 2020

Мета роботи. Встановити динаміку активності ТБК-активних продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів (ПОЛ) – малонового діальдегіду (МДА) в нирці щурів після ішемії-реперфузії кінцівки та крововтрати і динаміку цих показників після ішемії-реперфузії кінцівки та механічної травми.

Матеріали і методи. Об’єктом дослідження стали 260 білих щурів-самців масою тіла 220–240 г. Тварин контрольної групи вивели з дослідження без оперативних втручань, а експериментальних тварин поділили на 5 груп (по 10 особин у кожній) – порівнювали між собою показники тварин з ізольованим накладанням кровоспинного джгута, ізольованими крововтратою та механічною травмою із показниками тварин, в яких було поєднано застосування джгута із крововтратою та джгута з механічною травмою. Тварин виводили з експерименту через 1 год, на 1; 3; 7 та 14 доби після втручань шляхом тотального кровопускання з серця.

Результати й обговорення. В гомогенаті нирок усіх дослідних груп встановлено підбільшення активності пероксидного окиснення ліпідів, при цьому найактивніше підвищувалися показники МДА в групі з ізольованою крововтратою, і ще більше – у групі з крововтратою, що була поєднана із застосуванням джгута.

Висновки. Отримані результати підтвердили те, що гемічна гіпоксія здатна запускати пероксидне окиснення ліпідів, проте застосування кровоспинного джгута, викликаючи розвиток типового ішемічно-реперфузійного синдрому, суттєво ускладнює перебіг післятравматичного періоду. Розвиваються васкулярні та тканинні порушення, які на тлі напруження детоксикаційної функції печінки спричиняють втягнення в патологічний процес і нирок.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest Survivorship: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Sawyer Kelly N. , Camp-Rogers Teresa R. , Kotini-Shah Pavitra , Del Rios Marina , Gossip Michelle R. , Moitra Vivek K. , Haywood Kirstie L. , Dougherty Cynthia M. , Lubitz Steven A. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Rittenberger Jon C. , Callaway Clifton W. , Abella Benjamin S. , Geocadin Romergryko G. , Kurz Michael C. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Genomic and Precision Medicine; Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research; and Stroke Council
Published: February 2020

Cardiac arrest systems of care are successfully coordinating community, emergency medical services, and hospital efforts to improve the process of care for patients who have had a cardiac arrest. As a result, the number of people surviving sudden cardiac arrest is increasing. However, physical, cognitive, and emotional effects of surviving cardiac arrest may linger for months or years. Systematic recommendations stop short of addressing partnerships needed to care for patients and caregivers after medical stabilization. This document expands the cardiac arrest resuscitation system of care to include patients, caregivers, and rehabilitative healthcare partnerships, which are central to cardiac arrest survivorship.
Dll4 Suppresses Transcytosis for Arterial Blood-Retinal Barrier Homeostasis
Authors: Yang Jee Myung , Park Chan Soon , Kim Soo Hyun , Noh Tae Wook , Kim Ju-Hee , Park Seongyeol , Lee Jingu , Park Jang Ryul , Yoo Dohyun , Jung Hyun Ho , Takase Hiroshi , Shima David T. , Schwaninger Markus , Lee Seungjoo , Kim Il-Kug , Lee Junyeop , Ji Yong-Sok , Jon Sangyong , Oh Wang-Yuhl , Kim Pilhan , Uemura Akiyoshi , Ju Young Seok , Kim Injune
Published: February 2020

Rationale:

Central nervous system has low vascular permeability by organizing tight junction (TJ) and limiting endothelial transcytosis. While TJ has long been considered to be responsible for vascular barrier in central nervous system, suppressed transcytosis in endothelial cells is now emerging as a complementary mechanism. Whether transcytosis regulation is independent of TJ and its dysregulation dominantly causes diseases associated with edema remain elusive. Dll4 signaling is important for various vascular contexts, but its role in the maintenance of vascular barrier in central nervous system remains unknown.

Objective:

To find a TJ-independent regulatory mechanism selective for transcytosis and identify its dysregulation as a cause of pathological leakage.

Methods and Results:

We studied transcytosis in the adult mouse retina with low vascular permeability and employed a hypertension-induced retinal edema model for its pathological implication. Both antibody-based and genetic inactivation of Dll4 or Notch1 induce hyperpermeability by increasing transcytosis without junctional destabilization in arterial endothelial cells, leading to nonhemorrhagic leakage predominantly in the superficial retinal layer. Endothelial
Sox17
deletion represses Dll4 in retinal arteries, phenocopying Dll4 blocking-driven vascular leakage. Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced hypertension represses arterial Sox17 and Dll4, followed by transcytosis-driven retinal edema, which is rescued by a gain of Notch activity. Transcriptomic profiling of retinal endothelial cells suggests that Dll4 blocking activates SREBP1 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1)-mediated lipogenic transcription and enriches gene sets favorable for caveolae formation. Profiling also predicts the activation of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) signaling by Dll4 blockade. Inhibition of SREBP1 or VEGF-VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor 2) signaling attenuates both Dll4 blockade–driven and hypertension-induced retinal leakage.

Conclusions:

In the retina, Sox17-Dll4-SREBP1 signaling axis controls transcytosis independently of TJ in superficial arteries among heterogeneous regulations for the whole vessels. Uncontrolled transcytosis via dysregulated Dll4 underlies pathological leakage in hypertensive retina and could be a therapeutic target for treating hypertension-associated retinal edema.
Industry Payment to Vascular Neurologists
Authors: Nalleballe Krishna , Sheng Sen , Li Chenghui , Mahashabde Ruchira , Annapureddy Amarnath R. , Mudassar Kamran , Pothineni Krishna , Veerapaneni Poornachand , Harada Yohei , Chilkulwar Abhishek , Ranabothu Saritha , Brown Aliza , Kapoor Nidhi , Onteddu Sanjeeva
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—

Industry payments to physicians raise concerns regarding conflicts of interest that could impact patient care. We explored nonresearch and nonownership payments from industry to vascular neurologists to identify trends in compensation.

Methods—

Using Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology data, we explored financial relationships between industry and US vascular neurologists from 2013 to 2018. We analyzed payment characteristics, including payment categories, payment distribution among physicians, regional trends, and biomedical manufacturers. Furthermore, we analyzed the top 1% (by compensation) of vascular neurologists with detailed payment categories, their position, and their contribution to stroke guidelines.

Results—

The number of board certified vascular neurologist increased from 1169 in 2013 to 1746 in 2018. The total payments to vascular neurologist increased from $99 749 in 2013 to $1 032 302 in 2018. During the study period, 16% to 17% of vascular neurologists received industry payments. Total payments from industry and mean physician payments increased yearly over this period, with consulting fee (31.1%) and compensation for services other than consulting (30.7%) being the highest paid categories. The top 10 manufacturers made the majority of the payments, and the top 10 products changed from drug or biological products to devices. Physicians from south region of the United States received the highest total payment (38.72%), which steadily increased. Payments to top 1% vascular neurologists increased from 64% to 79% over the period as payments became less evenly distributed. Among the top 1%, 42% specialized in neuro intervention, 11% contributed to American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines, and around 75% were key leaders in the field.

Conclusions—

A small proportion of US vascular neurologists consistently received the majority of industry payments, the value of which grew over the study period. Only 11% of the top 1% receiving industry payments have authored American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines, but ≈75% seem to be key leaders in the field. Whether this influences clinical practice and behavior requires further investigation.
Test validation, method comparison and reference range for the measurement of β-hydroxybutyrate in peripheral blood samples
Authors: Kraus Frank Bernhard , Kocijancic Marija , Kluttig Alexander , Ludwig-Kraus Beatrice
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The measurement of β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) concentrations is a corner stone of the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis and other ketonic states. The aim of this study was to perform a validation of a peripheral blood βOHB assay (Randox) on a Roche cobas c502 analyser and to establish a βOHB reference range for the validated assay.
Materials and methods: Precision, linearity and limit of detection and blank (LoD, LoB) were determined according to Clinical and Laboratory
Standards Institute (CLSI) EP05-A3, EP 06-A and EP17-A2 guidelines, using commercial control material and residual patient sample pools. As method comparison, for 190 semi-quantitative measurements of urine ketones we determined the corresponding βOHB blood concentration. The reference range was based on the CLSI C28-A3 guideline, using 304 randomly selected serum samples from population based German National Cohort (GNC) study.
Results: Coefficients of variation for the validated assay ranged from 1.5% for high concentrations (3.1 mmol/L) to 6.5% for low concentrations (0.1 mmol/L). Detection capacity was LoB = 0.011 mmol/L and LoD = 0.037 mmol/L. Linearity of the assay ranged from 0.10 to 3.95 mmol/L. The agreement between the semi-quantitative urine ketone test and the βOHB blood test was moderate (Kappa = 0.66). The obtained 95% serum reference range was estimated as 0.02 to 0.28 mmol/l βOHB.
Conclusions: The Ranbut βOHB assay showed good precision and analytical performance. Our results confirm that βOHB measurement in peripheral blood is indeed a preferable alternative to the semi-quantitative measurement of urine ketones.
Confronting the Limitations of the MFA as Preparation for PhD Study
Authors: Davis Meredith
Published: February 2020

Today's design research problems are different from the past; they are more complex and call for inter- and multidisciplinary work. Design faculty and doctoral students are hindered in this work by the curricular content and pedagogy of the terminal master's degree. Students graduate from professional MFA design programs often unprepared to pose truly researchable questions, recognize multiple research paradigms and their corresponding standards, structure methodologically rigorous investigations or even author papers longer than a few pages. These shortfalls persist in the scholarly pursuits of many design faculty and extend to the institutional adoption of alternate evaluation criteria from the research thresholds in other fields. Strengthening of the quality in doctoral research and supervision, therefore, depends to some extent on rethinking master's study in design.
Chinese Traditional Handicraft Education Using AR Content
Authors: Ji Yi , Tan Peng , Hills Damian
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes a new Chinese traditional handicraft learning mode through embodied interaction using WebAR technology. It details how emergent technologies for cognitive learning can enhance learning in the teaching of a traditional handicraft. A study is presented where students learn about traditional handicrafts with a whole-body interactive simulation utilizing WebAR devices, and this is compared to traditional methods using a desktop version for the simulation. Results show that the Chinese traditional handicraft learning mode based on WebAR affords embodied interaction and improves learning between real context and virtual devices; thus WebAR devices enhance embodied interaction of traditional handicraft simulations. This contribution is highly relevant for users who aim to learn and be creative in different contexts that deliver new forms of Chinese traditional handicraft learning.
Relations between optical properties, dinoflagellates and zooplanktonic crustaceans in Antofagasta Bay (23°S, Chile)
Authors: De los Ríos Patricio , Contreras Angel , Lara Gladys , Latsague Mirtha , Esse Carlos
Published: February 2020

Antofagasta Bay is characterized by a high primary productivity due to the presence of the cold Humboldt Stream that is associated with a high diversity in flora and fauna in the benthic and pelagial environments of the Chilean west coast. Nevertheless, due to the global climate changes, the existing biodiversity patterns change as well. The aim of the present study was to analyse Antofagasta Bay for determining the existence of patterns between optical properties of the water, and the phytoplankton and zooplankton. The results show that one site had high chlorophyll concentrations, high reflectance, a high abundance of the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis, and a high abundance of copepodites, whereas five sites had low chlorophyll concentrations, a low reflectance value, low copepodite abundances, and high abundances of dinoflagellates of the genera Ceratium, Gymnodinium and Prorocentrum. These results are similar to earlier observations for the coastal waters along northern Chile.
Systematics of the Neotropical butterfly genus Paryphthimoides Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), with descriptions of seven new taxa
Authors: Zacca Thamara , Casagrande Mirna M. , Mielke Olaf H. H. , Huertas Blanca , Barbosa Eduardo P. , Freitas André V. L. , Lamas Gerardo , Espeland Marianne , Brévignon Christian , Nakahara Shinichi , Checa Maria F. , Willmott Keith R.
Published: February 2020

A systematic revision of Paryphthimoides, a satyrine genus widely distributed in Central and South America, is presented based on an integrative approach. Molecular phylogeny inferred using multiple methods with nuclear (GAPDH, RpS5) and mitochondrial (COI) genes indicates that Paryphthimoides, as currently circumscribed, is polyphyletic. A new taxonomic arrangement is proposed reflecting the monophyly based on molecular and morphological evidence. Paryphthimoides now comprises 14 taxa, namely: P. poltys poltys (Prittwitz, 1865), P. poltys numilia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) stat. nov., P. vestigiata (Butler, 1867), P. fridae Zacca, Casagrande, Huertas & Nakahara sp. nov., P. jorupe Zacca, Casagrande, Checa & Willmott sp. nov., P. terrestris terrestris (Butler, 1867) comb. nov., P. terrestris muyrakytan Zacca, Casagrande & Mielke ssp. nov., P. terrestris araguaianus Zacca, Casagrande & Mielke ssp. nov., P. terrestris grevei Zacca, Casagrande & Mielke ssp. nov., P. touloulou (Benmesbah, 2015) comb. nov., P. brixius brixius (Godart, [1824]) comb. nov., P. brixius madre Zacca, Mielke, Casagrande & Lamas ssp. nov., P. brixius rouranensis Brévignon ssp. nov. and P. flavofascia (Zacca & Siewert, 2014) comb. nov. Euptychia zeredatha Butler, 1869 and P. bahneri Anken, 1994 are new synonyms of P. p. poltys, and Euptychia binalinea Butler, 1867 and E. poltys bahiana Bryk, 1953 are new synonyms of P. poltys numilia. Lectotypes are designated for Euptychia zeredatha, Neonympha numilia, Euptychia vestigiata, Euptychia terrestris and Euptychia brixiola, Butler, 1867 and a neotype is designated for Satyrus brixius. In addition, female morphology is described for the first time for all available species, and biological data and distributional maps are provided for all species. Last instar and pupae of Paryphthimoides p. poltys are also described.
The glottometrics of Arabic
Authors: Ratcliffe Robert R.
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a methodology for quantifying diversity within a group of related languages and correlating the patterns found with known historical developments, as a way of testing a variety of hypotheses, regarding subclassification, reconstruction, the influence of language contact, the relative consistency of the speed of language change, etc. The methodology is applied to Arabic dialects, for which there is a wealth of synchronic variation as well as considerable historical documentation on both linguistic and migration history. The goal is to establish a more solid empirical basis for inferring diachronic conclusions based on comparative analysis of synchronic data.
Speed, Accuracy, and Efficiency of Judgements of Coincidence between Speech Acts and Auditory Perception during a Delayed Auditory Feedback Paradigm: A Behavioral Study in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Hubl Daniela , Moor Nicolas , Kindler Jochen , Kottlow Mara , Dierks Thomas , Koenig Thomas
Published: February 2020

The inability to differentiate between one’s actions and their consequences from sensory inputs originating from an alien source might cause classical first-rank symptoms in schizophrenia, such as audio-verbal hallucinations (AVH). We aimed to determine whether patients with or without AVH perform differently in a task challenging the audio-verbal self-monitoring system compared to controls. Controls (n = 21) and schizophrenia patients with (AH, n = 11) and without AVH (NH, n = 9) participated. Subjects had to discern whether they heard a sound they had just uttered with or without delay. Reaction time, accuracy as well as sensitivity and response bias were compared between groups. There were no group effects in reaction time. Controls were significantly more accurate in the detection of delays compared to AH and to NH. However, the most salient observation was that these deficits were not uniformly present, but were selectively elicited by the delay, reducing patients’ response accuracy to chance level. The analysis of the data based on signal detection theory revealed a significant drop in sensitivity in both patient groups compared to the controls, and a response bias: Particularly the patients with AVH seemed to be biased not to consider a delay, rather than falsely signaling a delay. Such a deficit may blur the distinction between external events and self-initiated actions, thus eventually interfering with the patients’ sense of agency.
Orthomnion javense (Mniaceae, Bryophyta), new to India and Nepal

Authors: OMAR ICHHA , NAIR M.C. , ASTHANA A.K. , ASTHANA GEETA
Published: February 2020

During studies on family Mniaceae in India, plants of Orthomnion javense Koponen have been recognized which is a new record for India and East Nepal, earlier it was known from China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Papua New Guinea, Philippines and Vietnam. O. javense is characterized by its fragile leaves, costa ending below the leaf apex, 1–3 cells wide border extending near leaf apex. Morpho–taxonomic details of Indian plants of O. javense and paratype (NICH 2130; E. Nepal) of O. noguchii Koponen (identified as O. javense) are provided.
Spathoglottis arunachalensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from Arunachal Pradesh, India

Authors: TSERING JAMBEY , PRASAD KOTHAREDDY
Published: February 2020

A new species of Spathoglottis, S. arunachalensis (Orchidaceae), from Sessa Orchid Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the new species is allied to S. ixioides but differs in many attributes which are discussed here. An updated key for Indian Spathoglottis is also provided for easy identification.
Challenges faced by peer support workers during the integration into hospital-based mental health-care teams: Results from a qualitative interview study
Authors: Otte Ina , Werning Anna , Nossek Alexa , Vollmann Jochen , Juckel Georg , Gather Jakov
Published: February 2020

Background:

Being aware of the challenges that may occur during the implementation of peer support work in psychiatry is important to facilitate the integration of peer support workers (PSWs) into multidisciplinary mental health-care teams.

Aim:

The purpose of this study is to explore the challenges faced by PSWs during their integration into hospital-based mental health-care teams.

Methods:

Qualitative content analysis of nine open-ended, semi-structured interviews with PSWs is undertaken in five adult psychiatric hospitals in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Results:

The analysis of the data revealed three themes: (1) ‘Pioneers and the pressure to succeed’; (2) ‘a colleague, a rival or yet another patient?’ and (3) ‘sharing of information, boundaries and professionalism’. All three themes relate to several concrete challenges on different systemic levels and have the potential to impede the PSWs’ integration process.

Conclusion:

Specific implementation strategies which address potential barriers on the different systemic levels should be developed and applied prior to the start of the integration of PSWs into multidisciplinary mental health-care teams.
Experiences of work-related stress and coping among palliative care staff in South Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Smith Paula , Vasileiou Konstantina , Kagee Ashraf
Published: February 2020

Palliative care staff are exposed to a plethora of work-related stressors that negatively affect their psychological well-being and work engagement. Using qualitative interviews, this study sought to explore the experiences of work-related stress and coping among a multidisciplinary group of 12 palliative care staff employed by a non-governmental hospice in South Africa. Data were analysed using the principles of thematic analysis. Four domains of stressors were implicated in the experience of work-related stress: stressors accruing from the nature of work and were specific to palliative care; stressors relating to working in the community; those deriving from certain encounters with patients and families; and organisational stressors. Broader structural factors pertinent to the socio-political and economic context in South Africa and the perception of palliative care were interwoven with the experience of work-related stress. Receiving social support from co-workers, professionals, and family and friends; accepting limits; setting work–life boundaries; relying on personal resources and reconstructing the hospice in positive ways were coping strategies deployed by staff to manage stress. Arguably much of the experience of work-related stress and coping among palliative care staff in South Africa is similar to that reported in resource-rich contexts. However, the particularities of the broader socio-political and economic environment and its subsequent impact on palliative care organisations appear to augment and expand work-related stress for these practitioners. Deployment of intra-individual and interpersonal coping resources could be supplemented with efforts to address structural factors contributing to the subjective experience of stress.
Beyond the Conventional Civil–Military “Gap”: Cleavages and Convergences in Israel
Authors: Cohen Amichai , Cohen Stuart Alan
Published: February 2020

This article modifies the framework for the analysis of civil–military “gaps” proposed in Armed Forces & Society (Vol. 38, 2012) by Rahbek-Clemmensen, Archer, Barr, Belkin, Guerro, Hall, and Swain, who depicted a continuum of four binary fissures (“gap dimensions”) dividing two hypothetically homogeneous communities: civilians versus military personnel. Extrapolating from Israel’s experience, this article instead visualizes a more dynamic and fissured landscape, inhabited by several heterogeneous clusters of population groups, each comprising impromptu coalitions drawn from both the armed forces and civilian society. That environment, we argue, although certainly influenced by the traditional penetrability of Israel’s civil–military boundaries, more directly reflects current technological and cultural processes, which are transforming encounters between civilians and military personnel in other countries too. We therefore suggest replacing the predominantly dichotomous taxonomies that generally characterize studies of civil–military relations in contemporary democratic societies with the fractured format observed in the Israeli case.
Promoting a balanced early years curriculum for young children with vision impairment: Developing and sustaining personal agency through a bioecological systems perspective
Authors: McLinden Michael , Ravenscroft John , Douglas Graeme , Hewett Rachel , McCann Elizabeth , Roe Joao
Published: February 2020

Through the use of their developing vision, young children develop increasingly sophisticated ways of establishing control within different learning environments, thereby helping them to exert influence as active ‘agents’. Vision impairment can present significant barriers to a child developing personal agency through reducing access to visual information. In this article, we present the parameters of a conceptual framework to inform the design of intervention approaches that can help to reduce these barriers. We draw on a dual model of ‘access’, contextualised within a bioecological systems perspective, to examine how young children with vision impairment can establish increasing personal agency through intervention approaches that promote progressive independence access skills within an ‘ethos of empowerment’. In presenting new conceptual foundations for examining the development of personal agency in young children with vision impairment, the article has significance for research, policy, and practice in vision impairment education and offers a theoretical reference point for related areas of early childhood inclusive education.
Tolling academics: Rent-seeking and gatekeeping in the university space
Authors: Welsh John
Published: February 2020

Assuming the ‘neoliberalisation’ of academic life to be axiomatic, this article delves into the operations of its political economy with the aim of expanding critical vocabularies, analytical categories and research trajectories. In particular, it indicates where an immanent critique of neoliberal academia can be begun. While the capitalist transformations of academic life are justified by ideological claims eulogising ‘production’, ‘competition’ and ‘marketisation’, the neoliberal regime has proven decidedly ineffective at fulfilling these claims. An effective critique of neoliberal reform must, therefore, explore and interrogate the degree to which the practical effects of neoliberal reform diverge from its underpinning theoretical claims, and why this might be so. The principal question here pertains to rent and rent-seeking behaviour in the academic space, as a mode of activity inconsistent with the legitimating tenets of capitalist ideology. To the extent that rent-seeking activities can be identified in neoliberal academia – in distinction to ‘value-producing’ labour or ‘profit-making’ entrepreneurialism – a more potent critique of neoliberal reform will be forthcoming and an immanent critique of the neoliberal regime of capitalist accumulation in the academic space put into motion. By positioning the neoliberal regime within a broader shift towards accumulation by ‘appropriation’ in the world-system, a strategic reason can be identified for the proliferation of rent-seeking behaviours in academic life and beyond. The article argues that these rent-seeking behaviours have materialised in a range of gatekeeping techniques across the academic space, with which many inhabitants of that space have become complicit, resulting in the increasing dispossession of surplus through the practice of tolling realised in those techniques. The article develops a Marxian critique with additional insights from world-system theory, critical social theory and critical geography. Examples of gatekeeping technique considered throughout the article include master degree programmes, journal publication structures, conference fees and Graduate Record Examinations.
The Aesthetic and Functional Roles of Spreader Flap in Primary Rhinoplasty
Authors: Elnaggar Ahmed , Ashraf Mohammed
Published: February 2020

Dorsal hump resection was considered as the most ordinary part of rhinoplasty. It is obviously noticed that when a humpectomy is performed in a primary rhinoplasty, some surgeons underestimate the middle third (internal valve) reconstruction resulting in an inverted-V deformity. Although spreader graft is the gold standard for middle vault reconstruction, attention is turned to returning a portion of the hump following dorsal reduction in an attempt to reconstruct the middle vault. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of spreader flap in primary rhinoplasties. This study included 40 patients classified into 3 groups as follows: (1) type I—mild cartilaginous hump, (2) type II—moderate cartilaginous hump, and (3) type III—huge cartilaginous hump. The results are satisfactory in most cases regarding the aesthetic and functional outcomes. Using auto-spreader flaps is shown to be simple, reproducible, and effective in shaping the midvault while keeping the internal valve intact.
Gender Interaction Effects on Reporting Assaults to the Police
Authors: Hullenaar Keith L. , Ruback R. Barry
Published: February 2020

This study used two theoretical perspectives—coercive power and gender norms—to examine how gender affects victims’ decisions to report physical assaults to the police. The coercive power perspective attributes gender differences in reporting to sex-linked physical coercive power differences that affect the harm of the crime and victims’ personal safety. The gender norm perspective attributes gender differences in reporting to specific gender norms that influence crime reporting decisions. Using a sample of 18,627 nonintimate partner physical assaults from the National Crime Victimization Survey (1993–2015), crime reporting models demonstrated significantly better fit when they included the interaction between the victim’s gender and the offender’s gender than when they included only the main effects. In the sample, (a) female victims were 21.9% more likely to report to the police when the offender was male (vs. female) and (b) male victims were 45.8% more likely to report to the police when the offender was female (vs. male). Victims’ tendency to report an opposite-sex offender to the police was strongest in simple assaults and absent in aggravated assaults. We conclude that male and female victims’ reporting behaviors were most consistent with gender norms that encourage the use of self-help violence and discourage police reporting in intragender assaults. Consistent with this explanation, self-help violence was negatively related to crime reporting in assaults. Victims were more likely to use self-help violence and avoid reporting to the police against a same-sex offender than an opposite-sex offender. Finally, the offender’s gender had a relatively stronger influence on assault victims’ decisions to use self-help violence than on victims’ decisions to take no action against the offender (i.e., not reporting to the police or using self-help violence).
Multiobjective optimization of a newly developed additively manufactured functionally graded anisotropic porous lattice structure
Authors: Mahbod Mahshid , Asgari Masoud
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the elastic behavior of uniform and functionally graded porous lattice structures made by a double pyramid dodecahedron unit cell is investigated. Analytical solutions are derived in order to estimate the elastic moduli of the proposed structures in two directions. The analytical solution is validated by finite element simulations and experimental tests while the results show good agreement in general. The average difference between the numerical and analytical values of elastic modulus is under 14.44%, while the average error of experimental test and analytical solution is 15.69%. A comprehensive optimization is performed by considering elastic moduli in two different directions as objective functions. Various uniform lattice structures with different relative densities are optimized using NSGA-II algorithm as well as lattice structures with graded distribution of porosity. A variety of optimal designs are achieved by multiobjective optimization algorithm and the best point of the Pareto front is selected by the TOPSIS method. Furthermore, the functionally graded lattice structures are optimized by considering desirable relative densities in each layer and applying constructive constraints. Different distribution patterns of relative density are considered in layers in order to present the flexible design capability of the developed structure. The obtained results show that the elastic modulus is significantly dependent on the relative density of each layer as well as cell configuration. Also, different lattice structures could be achieved by applying desirable prescribed distribution of properties. A comparison between optimized and base model indicated that elastic moduli was considerably improved in optimized models. In optimization of uniform models, [Formula: see text] was increased by 115%, 89%, and 69% in optimized structures for relative densities of 10%, 30%, and 50%, respectively. Moreover, [Formula: see text] was improved in optimized models by 27%, 24%, and 18% for relative densities of 10%, 30%, and 50%, respectively.
Study on the strength of converted school pick-up truck’s roof in case of rollover accidents
Authors: Lerspalungsanti Sarawut , Pitaksapsin Narong , Viriyarattanasak Perakit , Srisurangkul Chadchai , Olarnrithinun Sutee
Published: February 2020

In 2015, it has been reported that road traffic fatality rate in Thailand ranks number 2 in the world at 36.2 per 100,000 with an annual estimate of 66 deaths every day. Based on the survey of the Road Safety Group Thailand in 2017, at least one student got injury by school transport each day. A recent survey also revealed that the number of private hire pick-up trucks as school buses in Thailand, especially in upcountry areas, is increasing due to its lower cost in comparison to that of a van or a minibus. To get the optimal capacity as vans or minibuses, pick-up trucks’ roofs were converted for the highest passenger number at the lowest cost. Therefore, to focus on the strength of converted pick-up truck’s roof is required to help reduce losses in terms of both human injury and inside cabin’s damage due to rollover accidents. This article demonstrates an approach to design the vehicle’s roof as a superstructure of school pick-up truck based on design inputs, including structural strength, capability of local motor vehicle mechanics, nature of drivers, and nature of passengers. Explicit dynamic finite element analysis is applied to simulate the investigation on full-scale prototype according to American Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No 220 standard. To validate the numerical analysis results, the roof crush test of full-scale roof prototype is performed. The analysis results showed the accurate prediction on the strength and the corresponding deformations of the full-scale prototype. These findings provide means of evaluating the strength of vehicle’s roof, which can be further applied as a guideline for national regulation. This study is planned to bring this tried prototype: the superstructure of school pick-up truck’s roof, to use in a commercial scale.
Research on hybrid optimization and deep learning modeling method in the performance seeking control
Authors: Zheng Qiangang , Chen Haoying , Wang Yong , Zhang Haibo , Hu Zhongzhi
Published: February 2020

A novel performance seeking control method based on hybrid optimization algorithm and deep learning modeling method is proposed to get a better engine performance. The deep learning modeling method, deep neural network, which has strong representation capability and can deal with big training data, is adopted to establish an on-board engine model. A hybrid optimization algorithm—genetic algorithm particle swarm optimization–feasible sequential quadratic programming—is proposed and applied to performance seeking control. The genetic algorithm particle swarm optimization–feasible sequential quadratic programming not only has the global search ability of genetic algorithm particle swarm optimization, but also has the high local search accuracy of feasible sequential quadratic programming. The final simulation experiments show that, compared with feasible sequential quadratic programming, genetic algorithm particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithm, the proposed optimization algorithm can get more installed thrust, decrease fuel consumption between 2% to 3%, and decrease turbine blade temperature larger than 15k, while meeting all of the constraints. Moreover, it also shows that the proposed modeling method has high accuracy and real-time performance.
Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of bamboo/glass-reinforced polybenzoxazine hybrid composite
Authors: Zhang Kai , Liang Wenyan , Wang Fangxin , Wang Zhenqing
Published: February 2020

In this study, bamboo and glass fibers were successfully added into bisphenol A–aniline-based benzoxazine resin by hot pressing method. The effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of the neat benzoxazine and its composites was studied. The composites prepared in this study has been proved to exhibit better water resistance than some conventional natural fiber/polymer composites due to good hydrophobicity of the benzoxazine matrix. From the mechanical tests, the tensile performance of both neat benzoxazine and the composites degraded seriously after prolonged immersion in water. However, neat benzoxazine and the composites maintained relatively higher residual flexural properties (residual mechanical properties refer to the ratio of strength and modulus of the saturated samples to that of the nonaged samples) after 20 days of water immersion. The effect of water molecules on the fracture surface morphologies of the composites was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM images showed that the interfacial bonding between fibers and the matrix degraded seriously due to the attack of water.
Statistical Analysis of Price Volatility of Agricultural Commodities Traded at the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX) Using Multiplicative GARCH-MIDAS Two-component Model
Authors: Abebe Teshome Hailemeskel , Woldesenbet Emmanuel Gabreyohannes , Zeleke Belaineh Legesse
Published: February 2020

We applied multiplicative GARCH-MIDAS two component models for price return volatility of selected commodities traded at the Ethiopian commodity exchange (ECX). Unlike the ‘traditional’ generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) family models, GARCH-MIDAS component model can capture the time-varying conditional as well as unconditional volatilities, and accommodates macroeconomic variables observed at different frequencies through mixed interval data sampling (MIDAS) specification. The results of our specification tests revealed the existence of both time-varying conditional and unconditional variance. The fitted GARCH-MIDAS component models showed that realized volatility, inflation rate and fuel oil price have had an increasing effect on the price volatility of the commodities under consideration, while real effective exchange rate (REER) had the opposite effect. Furthermore, mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and Diebold and Mariano (DM) test were used for evaluating and comparing the forecasting ability of GARCH-MIDAS component models against standard GARCH models. The results revealed that GARCH-MIDAS component models outperformed the standard GARCH model for high-frequency data.
From Caciques and Godfathers to Second-Order Corruption
Authors: Rodrigues Caio Coelho , Barros Amon
Published: February 2020

The Car Wash corruption probe has had a significant impact on what we know about systemic corruption in Brazil. Through the Odebrecht case, it is possible to advance organizational corruption theories by seeing how power has been abused over the years to create a systemic and enduring corruption system. Inspired by grounded theory, we simultaneously collected, codified, and analyzed public documents from the plea deals of Odebrecht executives. From the empirical data, it is possible to see how second-order corruption has changed the rules and norms in Brazil. We show that this kind of organizational corruption can be achieved by the abuse of relational power. We also demonstrate how second-order corruption is more difficult to combat, it normalizes corruption at a structural level, making it appear commonplace, the norm. Moreover, individually, it makes people rationalize corruption and distance themselves from the act ethically.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Couple Therapy on Reducing Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Increasing Dyadic Adjustment and Marital Social Skills: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Durães Ricardo Silva Santos , Khafif Tatiana Cohab , Lotufo-Neto Francisco , Serafim Antonio de Pádua
Published: February 2020

Several kinds of marital conflict might be solved through constructive communication, development of interaction skills, and behavioral and thought modification. The aim of this study was to show results of the application of a protocol based on cognitive behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) on dyadic adjustment, marital social skills, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The sample consisted of 32 participants (16 couples) divided in two groups by length of marriage: Group 1 (1–7 years) and Group 2 (8–12 years). All subjects recruited were older than 18 and reported having communication problems in their relationship. The ages were M = 30.4, SD = 4.13. The measures were Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Marital Social Skills Inventory (Inventário de Habilidades Sociais Conjugais [IHSC]), and the Sociodemographic Questionnaire. Participants were assessed pre- and postintervention and had a 6-month follow-up. The intervention consisted of twelve 50-min sessions per couple. Based on three time analyses, both groups obtained the following results: DAS ( p = .001), BDI-II ( p = .000), BAI ( p = .000), and IHSC ( p = .001). We conclude that the CBCT protocol developed for this study, resulted in statistically significant improvements in the couple’s relationship for all variables studied in both groups.
Decentralized robust control of a vehicle’s interior sound field
Authors: Ghanati Golsa , Azadi Shahram
Published: February 2020

In this article, a decentralized strategy is applied for active control of sound inside the automobile cabin by considering the uncertainty caused by the movement of the occupants. A coupled structural-acoustic analysis is done on the simplified geometry of the automobile cabin with passengers by the finite element method. The uncertainty caused by changes in the occupants’ head positions and angles is also considered. Then, a decentralized robust feedback control strategy is proposed to reduce the sound pressure level in the ears of all the occupants using the H∞ method for each individual control unit by considering the unstructured uncertainty of the plant. The efficiency of the proposed control strategy in minimizing the sound pressure level caused by the structural disturbance on the firewall panel is investigated.
Deconstructing PTSD: Trauma and emotion among Mexican immigrant women
Authors: Kimmell Jacqueline , Mendenhall Emily , Jacobs Elizabeth A
Published: February 2020

The symptomatology for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) narrowly focuses on particular diagnostic frames and a single triggering event. Such narrow definitions of trauma and recovery have been heavily critiqued by anthropologists and cultural psychiatrists for overlooking cultural complexity as well as the effects of multiple and overlapping events that may cause someone to become “traumatized” and thereby affect recovery. This article investigates how subjective reporting of traumatic experience in life history narratives relates to depressive and PTSD symptomatology, cultural idioms, and repeated traumatic experiences among low-income Mexican immigrant women in Chicago. We interviewed 121 Mexican immigrant women and collected life history narratives and psychiatric scales for depression and PTSD. Most women spoke of the detrimental effects of repeated traumatic experiences, reported depressive (49%) and PTSD (38%) symptoms, and described these experiences through cultural idioms. These data complicate the PTSD diagnosis as a discrete entity that occurs in relation to a single acute event. Most importantly, these findings reveal the importance of cumulative trauma and cultural idioms for the recognition of suffering and the limitation of diagnostic categories for identifying the needs of those who experience multiple social and psychological stressors.
Power and the poisoned chalice: A provocation
Authors: Grint Keith
Published: February 2020

Power, however defined, is something we usually consider as indelibly linked to leadership, as something all leaders and followers seek to obtain, retain, and deploy for good or ill, for themselves or others. But there are occasions when power might be something to avoid, especially when it comes tainted with deleterious consequences, rather like the Christian fable of the poisoned chalice. In this brief provocation, I provide examples where this is self-evident but often only in retrospect. Thus, the infamous ‘stab-in-the-back’ saw the German Social Democrats take power, just before the armistice was signed in 1918. At the time of writing (October 2019), the British are on the verge of a General Election and whoever wins, whoever becomes Prime Minister, will also be held responsible for the fallout from BREXIT – irrespective of their role in generating the political crisis; sometimes, it might be better not to seek power.