bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior of cows of different ages at the period of adaptation to the conditions of voluntary milking
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, Ukraine, Borshch O. O. , Ruban S. Yu. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, Ukraine, Borshch O. V. ,   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The aim of this work was to study the behavior of cows of different ages in lactation when the technology of keeping and milking was changed. The research was conducted in Terezyne (Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region) on first-borns (n=48) and adult cows (n=86). The herd of adult cows was kept loosely in a prefabricated room (LxWxH 100x36x10 m) for 300 heads, and heifers in capital rooms reconstructed for loose housing and on walking areas. A group of adult cows was milked in the milking parlor at the Parallel installation. Animals of both groups after the transit period (10 days after calving) were transferred to a prefabricated room for 400 heads (150x36x10.5 m) and voluntary milking on a robotic unit located on the premises. Under the new housing conditions animals of different age groups were placed in different sections. The studies were conducted during the adaptation period (30 days after the change of detention conditions). The adaptation period was divided into VI periods, each lasting 5 days. The daily behavior of the group of first-borns on the main indicators (lying, walking, standing and watering) corresponded to the values determined by the schedule of the "ideal" day for dairy cows from the third period, and adult cows only in the V period. According to the four indices (comfort, stall, lying down, use of the stall) that characterize the comfort of cows in the boxing of a group of first-born cows had a shorter period of adaptation to new environmental conditions. In the group of first-borns the index of comfort corresponded to the norm from the third period, and the index of stall use from the fourth period. In adult cows, these indices corresponded to the regulated norms from the IV and V periods, respectively. The group of first-borns showed higher adaptive traits in terms of duration of feed intake compared to adult cows. The duration of feed intake in the group of first-borns corresponded to the recommended values starting from the second period (6-10 days), and adult cows starting from the third period (11-15 days). During ethological research during the process of milking first-borns at the automatic machine it was found that during the adaptation period the number of attempts to bring down the milking machine during milking decreased by 4.04 times, and in the group of adult cows by 4.39 times.
The influence of the training system directed to increase stress resistance on the economic efficiency of sports horses` training
Authors:   Dergachy child and youth horse racing school, Mala Danylivka,Ukraine, Каbasova І. O. , Petryshko M. P. ,   State Biotechnology University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The economic efficiency of the applying the complex to increase the stress resistance of horses during participation in competitions and demonstrative performances has been determined in this work. Thus, the sports success of horses with application of complex methods to increase the stress resistance during participation in competitions and demonstrative performances and horses trained on the usual training system has been compared; the economic effect of applying some complex methods to increase the stress resistance of horses during participation in competitions and demonstrative performances has been investigated. The research has been carried out on 10 heads of horses of the jumping group of Dergachy child and youth horse racing school. Based on the results of horses` participation in competitions and taking into account the higher nervous activity types, two equivalent groups – control and experimental by five heads in each have been formed. The complex methods to increase the stress resistance have been introduced in training system of horses of the experimental group; training of horses of the control group remained unchanged. The calculation of expenses for participation in competitions has been carried out by drawing up expenditures for transportation of horses, nutrition and accommodation of the team, starting contributions and the cost of renting stables. The total number of starts has been determined by multiplying the number of heads of horses by the number of starts of one head during the period of competitions. The number of successful starts has been calculated by a percentage of starts with the prize places from the total number of starts. To determine the economic efficiency of the application of the complex methods to increase the stress resistance of horses the amount of expenses per successful start by dividing the total amount of costs for the number of successful starts was calculated. It has been established that the economic efficiency of the applying of the complex methods to increase the stress resistance of horses is 1194,75 UAH for one successful start. The results of the research allowed to recommend the application of the developed method to increase the stress resistance in the training system of horses in order to increase the effectiveness of participation in competitions and reducing costs for each successful start.
Morphological assessment of the ewe udder in different breeds and their productivity
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Ukraine, Kitaeva A. P. , Mamedova V. M. ,   Odessa Agrarian State University, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Dairy productivity of sheep is extremely important for rearing lambs, although insufficient attention is paid to the milking of sheep during selection and selection of sheep during mating. The milk yield of ewes is determined by measuring expressed, sucked milk, or by weight gain of lambs for a certain period of life. But in sheep breeding the greatest application is to determine this indicator by the increase in live weight of lambs in the first 20 days of life. This is due to the fact that in the first month of lactation, the ewes' mammary gland synthesizes the largest amount of milk, and lambs are fed exclusively on mother's milk for up to 20 days after birth. The milk yielding capacity of ewes depends on many factors, including the breed characteristics of the morpho-functional properties of their udder. Studies had been carried out on the morphological properties of the udder of ewes of such breedsas Tsigai, Merinolandschaf and Dorper. Some differences were noted in the linear assessment of their udder and the amount of milk obtained from them (milk yield). It was found that Merinolandschaf ewes exceed their peers of Tsigai and Dorper breeds by 2.6 cm or 17.5% (P <0.95) and 4.3 cm or 32.8%, respectively (P˃0.99), udder girth - by 3.9 cm or 11.9% (P˃0.99) and 7.3 cm or 24.8% (P˃0.999). The length of teats in Dorper ewes is greater than in Tsigai ewes by 0.47 cm or 23.1%, and in the Merinolandschaf - by 0.2 cm or 8.7% (P <0.95). Ewes with male lambs in their offspring were more milk-producing than ewes with female lambs. This advantage was in ewes of Tsigai breed 2.2 kg or 9.5% (P≤ 0.95), Merinolandschaf - 2.0 kg or 10.2% (P≥ 0.95), Dorper - 1.5 kg or 7.51% (P≥0.95) During the lactation period of 180 days more milk was obtained from ewes of Tsigai breed than from ewes of the Merinolandschaf breed by 1.8 kg or 16.9% (P≤ 0.95), and from the Dorper breed - by 19.17 kg or 16.9% (P≥ 0.999). Thus, for milk production the most desirable of the studied breeds are Tsigai and Merinolandschaf breeds.
Bactericidal properties of disinfectant «Enzidez»
Authors:   State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya,Ukraine, Kozhyn V. A.
Published: December 2021

Disinfection as a component of veterinary and sanitary measures ensures the well-being of livestock, increasing of animal productivity and obtaining safe raw materials. Therefore, the development of disinfectants that have a wide range of antimicrobial action and at the same time affect bacterial biofilms is relevant. The aim of the study was to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration, phenolic coefficient and protein index of the new disinfectant "Enzidez". Museum strains of test cultures of E. coli (055K59 №3912 / 41), S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and P. aeruginosa (27/99) were used in the experiments. The minimum bactericidal concentration of Enzidez disinfectant solutions, the phenolic ratio and the protein index were determined by generally accepted suspension methods. It was found that the microorganisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa were more sensitive to the disinfectant "Enzidez" compared to S. aureus. By exposure for 15 min the minimum bactericidal dilution against S. aureus was on average 1.9 times (p <0.05) higher than the bactericidal dilution against E. coli and 3.8 times (p <0.05) in relation to P. aeruginosa. By 30-minute exposure the difference between the minimum bactericidal dilution against S. aureus and against E. coli and P. aeruginosa was 1.3 and 2.7 times less (p <0.05), respectively. Thus, with increasing exposure time from 15 to 30 minutes the concentration of the agent for the destruction of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms decreases significantly. It was found that the bactericidal activity of the disinfectant "Enzidez" against the strain S. aureus №ATCC 25923 was on average 12.7 times stronger than the bactericidal action of the phenol solution. The bactericidal activity of Enzides against E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains was 24.0 and 28.8 times stronger, respectively compared with the action of phenol. The presence of protein (blood serum) in the medium leads to a slight decrease in the bactericidal activity of Enzides solutions. In particular, the bactericidal activity of Enzides against S. aureus is reduced by an average of 1.4 times, provided the presence of 10% of serum in the medium. The bactericidal activity of Enzides against E. coli and P. aeruginosa in the presence of protein decreased by 1.35 and 1.45 times, respectively. Thus, the disinfectant "Enzidez" is quite active even in the presence of protein in the medium.
The effect of mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on the course of chronic laminitis in horse: a clinical case
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Malyuk M. O. , Kharkevych Yu. O. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Brusko E. P. ,   Equestrian club «Magnat», Ukraine, Bokotko R. R. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kovpak V. V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mazurkevych A. Y. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Laminitis or rheumatic inflammation of the hooves is inflammation of the hoof lamina, in which the connection between the coffin bone and the horny shoe is disrupted as a result of the destruction of the connection between the leaves of the horny wall with the leaves of the base of the hoof skin. The pathogenesis of this disease is quite complex and contradictory. Some authors associate it with the accumulation of biogenic amines in the hoof tissues, while others point to the violation of lamellar microcirculation and the effect of tissue metalloproteinases on the leaves of the horny wall and the base of the hoof skin. Treating horses with laminitis is not an easy task, due to the complex pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, the search for modern treatments of horses with laminitis is an urgent and timely task. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on the course of chronic laminitis in horses. The object of the study was a castrated stallion of a Ukrainian riding breed, 8 years old, with a clinical manifestation of chronic laminitis with detachment of the hoof wall along the border line on the left forelimb. Materials and methods. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from adipose tissue. A culture of mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue in the amount of 12 million cells was injected into the palmar medial digital artery of the injured limb. The introduction was repeated three times, while the cells were suspended in 3 cm3 of phosphate-buffered saline. The third injection of cells was performed in combination with autologous platelet-rich plasma. Results: Active recovery of the hoof wall was observed on the injured forelimb. Coronary fistulas and damage of the hoof joint capsule were healed. The shape of the hoof wall and sole began to normalize. The pulsation of the arteries of the toes has become less pronounced. No corona edema was observed in the area. Conclusion. Under the influence of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich blood plasma, tissue structures of the injured hoof had restored as the clinical and functional state of the injured limb; at the same time, the x-ray picture of the hoof worsens, which is accompanied by irreversible processes in the hoof tissues and its deformation.
Family farm - one of the directions of goat breeding in Ukraine
Authors:   State Biotechnology University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Popova V. O. , Prudnikov V. H. ,   State Biotechnology University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kolisnyk O. ,   Private enterprise "Agrofirma Svitanok" Novovodolazhsky district, Kharkiv region, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

People in Ukraine are paying more and more attention to goat breeding products, and the demand for the products encourages the population to actively engage in the industry. Currently, about 95 % of the goat herd in Ukraine is concentrated in private peasant farms. Today, none of the livestock industries in Ukraine has such a high concentration of animals among the population. So, within the framework of analytical studies, the main types of family farms have been identified in terms of their size and structure. It was determined that they are divided mostly into three main types: small household plots with up to 10 animals, small family farms with up to 100 animals and farms with more than 100 milking goats. An analysis of the farming aspects of these types of farms and the perspectives for further development revealed some general results and general trends. Goat keeping in small household plots with up to 10 goats is not subject to a deep economic and technological analysis, the management is done with an amateur approach, and the technologies are based on personal family experience and vary considerably between them. The goats are only raised for the production of their own family. Goat keeping on small family farms with up to 100 goats is oriented towards the global experience of running a small family business. These farms produce and sell milk, process it into craft products (cheese, yoghurt, etc.) and provide green tourism services. Farms, which contain more than 100 heads of goats can be classified as agricultural enterprises, where industrial technologies for conducting the industry are applied. The products are sold by wholesale or through retail outlets. In general, an analysis of approaches to farming on different family farms has revealed that small family farms with up to 100 animals are the most promising from a socio-economic point of view. They are more progressive than extensive small household plots and are more flexible in many managing aspects than large-scale farms. Family farms are able to respond to market demand in a timely and sufficiently fast manner, adapt to it and make a profit.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the preparation «Feliferon»® in the complex therapy of infectious rhinotracheitis of cats
Authors:   State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Ruban V. O. , Severin R. V. ,   State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Gontar A. M. ,   State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Ponomarenko G. V. ,   State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Stager G. M. ,   State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Bobryts’ka O. M. ,   State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Relevance of the topic. Infectious feline rhinotracheitis, like herpesvirus infection is an acute disease characterized by damage to the eyes and respiratory system. Cats of all breeds are ill regardless of age. Kittens can become infected from mothers carrying the virus. In small populations of healthy animals the prevalence of the virus is less than 1 %, while in large populations it can reach 20 %. In shelters, the risk of contamination and infection is higher - up to 50 %. Almost all animals with primary infection become latent carriers throughout their lives. The incidence can reach 55%, the mortality rate is 5 – 25 %. The causative agent - a DNA-containing virus has a tropism for the epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, tonsils, trachea, conjunctiva. Diagnostic methods for detecting latent carriage have not yet been developed, since the virus remains in the form of genomic DNA in the nucleus of latently infected neurons without replication. Laboratory diagnosis of feline rhinotracheitis is currently most often performed by isolating the pathogen or by PCR using swabs from the oral cavity and conjunctiva. The PCR method allows detecting the virus and is the laboratory “gold standard” of diagnostics. Antibodies to the pathogen can be detected using a neutralization test or ELISA in serum, conjunctival mucus and cerebrospinal fluid. Direct methods for diagnosing herpesvirus infection in chronic or latent course have not been developed. For the treatment of viral diseases of small pets, immunomodulators are widely used, which stimulate the immune system. Some drugs tend to induce the production of its own interferon in the body. However, their use often does not give a therapeutic effect due to the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of the disease and the replication of the pathogen. To date, preparations based on the species-specificity of feline interferon have not been available on the domestic market, and attempts to use human interferon for the treatment of viral infections in cats have not yielded the expected result with prolonged and repeated courses due to the formation of neutralizing antibodies in the animal's body.
Morbi Artificum
Authors: Hannu Timo , Kritzinger Jacobus
Published: December 2021

This study presents the first full translation from Latin to English of the Linnaean dissertation Morbi Artificum or Occupational diseases, submitted by Nicholas Skragge in 1765. It consists of an essay that places the dissertation in historical and scientific context and of the translation. Skragge’s thesis has not only significance in the history of occupational medicine but also provides a perspective on Linnaeus’ thinking on dietetics. Skragge’s doctoral thesis is one of the 186 academic dissertations defended by students of Carl Linnaeus. Prior to the present study, only three of these 186 dissertations have been translated from Latin to English in our own times. The first extensive compendium on occupational diseases by Bernardino Ramazzini, with the title De Morbis Artificum Diatriba, served as a blueprint for Skragge’s thesis. The background for Skragge’s thesis was Linnaeus’ general interest in systematizing objects according to certain norms in biology, which methodology he also applied when classifying diseases in medicine. Also, Linnaeus’ life-long emphasis on the importance of dietetics is evident in the thesis. Finally, in the era when Linnaeus lived (Age of Liberty), Sweden focused greatly on improving the country’s economy. Since trade and industry were prioritized by the state, it was reasonable to map the diseases workers were prone to.
The model of clinical reasoning in approach to febrile infectious diseases in medieval Persia
Authors: Firouzi Mojdeh , Dadmehr Majid , Kamran Soltani Arabshah Seyed , Bahrami Mohsen
Published: December 2021

Reviewing ancient manuscripts of Persian medicine (PM) reveals that there have been some basic principles for decision-making in epidemic infectious diseases that existed in the past. These PM rules for clinical reasoning were applied through a personalized approach along with public health advice in such situations. Currently, the coronavirus pandemic has been the biggest problem in the world. Its mainstay of treatment is based on preventative measures and symptomatic treatments. Meanwhile, traditional medical systems for providing preventive, supportive, and rehabilitative care to patients have received more attention than before. Thus, the specific individual approach considered by PM scholars for clinical courses of epidemic infectious diseases may help shed more light on the spread of knowledge on epidemic diseases in ancient Persia.
Salomone Enrico Emilio Franco (1881-1950) di fronte alle leggi razziali Italiane del 1938
Authors: Porro Alessandro , Lorusso Lorenzo , Falconi Bruno , Galimberti Paolo Maria , Franchini Antonia Francesca
Published: December 2021

Più di ottant’anni fa le cosiddette Leggi Razziali espulsero gli Ebrei Italiani dalle loro proprietà e da ogni luogo. Gli autori analizzano l’ergobiografia di salomone Enrico Emilio Franco, un anatomopatologo cosmopolita. Nato a Trieste, ma educato a Venezia, egli condusse la sua formazione medica a Padova, fu anatomopatologo all’Ospedale Civile di Venezia, per poi raggiungere il Portogallo. Franco fondò l’Istituto di Patologia Generale dell’Università di Lisbona. Studiò la leishmaniosi e si dedicò a ricerche di ematologia. Durante la Prima Guerra Mondiale combatté come volontario nel R. Esercito italiano. Fu poi professore di Anatomia patologia nelle Università di Sassari, Bari e Pisa, ma le cosiddette Leggi Razziali lo costrinsero a trovare rifugio in Palestina. Combatté come volontario per la creazione di Eretz Yisrael, ed indi diresse l’Istituto di Patologia della Hadassah a Gerusalemme.
COMPETENCE TO DESIGN AND PLAN EDUCATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN SCHOOL PRACTICE
Authors: Predanocyová Lubica , Jonášková Gabriela
Published: December 2021

"Planning is an essential part of the preparation and implementation of the teaching process. Designing and planning education is an important part of the complex professional competencies of teachers, which were the subject of several years of research carried out at the University of Constantine the Philosopher in Nitra. Scientific research of Slovak experts focused on the issue of the professional competencies of teachers. The starting point was to determine the current state of professional skills of teachers in the Slovak Republic, then a complex of necessary competencies was identified. The relevance of the teacher's competency complex was confirmed by their practical implementation, which was assessed by competent evaluators. The paper presents the professional competence to plan and design, which we understand as a basic pillar of quality and effective education. A modern school requires the personal and social development of the student, good study results, but also in a complex of student values, which can be ensured by a methodologically and professionally thought-out organization of the teaching process. One of the results of the APVV research project, Evaluation of Teacher Competencies, was the creation of tools and criteria for evaluating and self-evaluating the quality of a teacher's professional competencies in educational practice. Part of the paper is to present the practical implementation of a special methodology aimed at evaluating the competence to design and plan teaching, in the form of a case study model."
THE PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION AND SOCIALIZATION OF LEARNING YOUTH IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
Authors: Savrutskaya Elisaveta , Ustinkin Sergey , Bondyreva Svetlana , Nikitin Alexander , Goryunova Anna
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the issue of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the choice of methods and forms of educational activities and socialization of young people in the current difficult situation of society development, the issue of the peculiarities of the formation in these conditions of a new type of culture - digital culture and the need to develop new scientifically based approaches to modernizing the education system in accordance with the risks and challenges of our time, as well as the implementation of communication practices in the context of the requirements of the epidemiological situation in the world. When carrying out the research, the following scientific methods of cognition were used: the method of comparative analysis, which made it possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the distant form of education in the context of the coronavirus pandemic; the method of quantitative analysis, allowed the authors of the article to better orient themselves in the general pile of facts, as well as to model the existing social processes in the field of education and society as a whole during the coronavirus pandemic; the use of the systemic method in the study of the subject of research made it possible to single out the determining factors influencing the reproduction of social experience in order to streamline and stabilize the spiritual and moral foundations, communication processes as the most important condition for the socialization of the individual; the formal legal method was used in the study of various legal documents; content analysis was used to study a set of statements on a specific topic.
CORONAVIRUS REPORTING AND FAKE NEWS ABOUT THE PANDEMIC IN SLOVAK ONLINE MEDIA
Authors: Višňovský Ján , Rosinská Natália , Mináriková Juliána
Published: December 2021

Many people use the digital space as a primary source of information, which has undoubtedly been reinforced by the global pandemic caused by the coronavirus COVID-19. Restrictive measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus and the subsequent lockdown have caused people to limit their social contacts and to work and learn from their homes. News disseminated in the online space, on the web, social media or social networks, became their primary sources of information, not only about the coronavirus, but also about social events at home and abroad. The online media and social networks have been flooded with information on the subject of the coronavirus, which has also been exploited by the spreaders of fake news. During the pandemic, we witnessed a massive wave of disinformation, and the identification of fake news and hoaxes by recipients became a serious problem. The aim of this paper is to use the theoretical background and research results to identify differences in reporting on the topic of coronavirus in the typologically different online media Denník N and Zem & Vek. We focused on the form in which the selected websites report on the topic of coronavirus and whether there is a suspicion of the presence of false information and hoaxes in the published journalistic speeches.
AGE AND GENDER PATTERNS OF SELF-ESTEEM AMONG YOUTH IN KOSOVO
Authors: Fanaj Naim , Melonashi Erika , Mustafa Sevim
Published: December 2021

Self-esteem is a widely investigated variable, across different countries and cultures. Levels of self-esteem seem to vary across cultures, and also cultural similarities and differences have been reported in several studies. Some aspects of age and gender differences seem to be universal across cultures. The aim of the present study was to assess age and gender patterns of self-esteem among Kosovo youth. The study sample included 4303 participants (four subsamples), 45.5% male and 54% female. The mean age of participants was 16.57 years (SD=2.99). The measuring instrument was the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Albanian translation. Results indicated a slightly but not significantly higher level of self-esteem for men. The gender difference reached significance only for the age groups 18 to 22 years old and 23-29-years old. The study revealed developmental trajectories of self-esteem and gender patterns which are comparable to findings from other countries, although with some slight differences. Findings requires further investigation, particularly as regards the presence of any cohort effects in the findings. The study represents an important contribution to the investigation of self-esteem in Kosovo, and provides several directions for further research particularly as regards gender or developmental studies.
THE PRINCIPLES OF GUIDED EVOLUTION OF SOCIETY – A SYSTEMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Marinić Damir , Marinić Ida
Published: December 2021

Since the beginning of the 21st century, many regions in the world have faced with economic volatility, political instability, environmental degradation, cultural wars and various cyber threats, which only intensified during the coronavirus pandemic. The reason behind these crises is a fragmented character of human interactions that are motivated by self or local interest, despite the fact that we are becoming increasingly interconnected in complex global networks. From a systemic perspective, human interactions in contemporary society are motivated by centrifugal social forces, promoting independence and an increased sense of entitlement, exclusive individualism, hostile competitiveness, all of which are completely purposeless, even harmful in today's global society. We are constantly trying to implement pre-global individualistic values in a global interdependent system, thus causing "cracks" in the social fabric of reality, which we could especially witness during the coronavirus pandemic. In order to bring about a change in current trends, a paradigm shift is required, first of all in human values, which would increase existing centripetal social forces. This means that the generation living today must formulate a commitment to global citizenship alongside involvement in local citizenship. In order to protect ourselves from future outbursts of pandemics and other similar systemic crises, a new vision of human society is required which fosters openness, care for the "other", and mutual responsibility across national borders, as well as cultural, religious, racial, gendered and other divides. The only effective response to global crises is – global response.
THE IMPACT OF THE SERVICE PROCESS QUALITY ON THE CONSUMER'S BEHAVIOR AND PURCHASING DECISIONS
Authors: Adamska Małgorzata , Kucińska-Landwójtowicz Aneta
Published: December 2021

"The purpose of the article is to present the impact and the role of sales personnel and the pursued quality strategy in the customer service process on the customer's behaviour and processes of making purchase decisions. The identified dependencies may exert a significant impact on activities undertaken with respect to the formation of future customer relations and their nature, with special attention given to the context of the service process quality and sale personnel who carries out such process. The article is a concept study based on the results of a literature search query, experiences deriving from cooperation with the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises and the author’s own studies on the management of relations with customer capital in the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises. The original feature of the article are recommendations pertaining to the feasible scenario of operation and the proposed model of management with respect to sale personnel and service process quality, enhancing the creation of values for customers via efficient marketing strategies implemented in the area of customer servicing."
ECONOMIC (POLICY) UNCERTAINTY IN BRAZIL BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 CRISIS
Authors: Romih Dejan
Published: December 2021

There is a growing interest among economists and policymakers in examining economic (policy) uncertainty and its effects on the (overall) economy. This study examines the economic (policy) uncertainty in Brazil, the most populated country in Latin America, before and during the Covid-19 crisis, which has severely affected the Brazilian economy and society. Brazil was the first country in Latin America to report a confirmed case of Covid-19. This study finds that the Covid-19 crisis has contributed to an increase in economic (policy) uncertainty in Brazil. However, the increase was (more or less) short-lived. Data show that economic uncertainty in Brazil was at its peak in April 2020 and that economic policy uncertainty in Brazil was at its peak in March 2020.
THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC POLICY UNCERTAINTY ON INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES: PRE-PANDEMIC EVIDENCE
Authors: Romih Dejan
Published: December 2021

Although the Covid-19 pandemic (the Great Lockdown), which began in March 2020, is not over yet (mainly due to new SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Delta), there is already a growing body of evidence that suggests that the Covid-19 pandemic has contributed to an increase in economic policy uncertainty in the United States and the rest of the world. In this paper, I examine the impact of economic policy uncertainty on industrial production in the United States before the Covid-19 pandemic. Using vector autoregression, I found that industrial production in the United States responds negatively to a positive economic policy uncertainty shock in the United States. This suggests that US economic policymakers need to prevent economic policy uncertainty in the United States
GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS AS A COMMON DENOMINATOR OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE “POST-PANDEMIC” WORLD.
Authors: Ibrahimova Ganira
Published: December 2021

There are already numerous opinions and forecasts about what the world economy will look like in the nearest future, in the wake of a post-pandemic period. The global world is facing now а social and economic crisis, never experienced before, the COVID-19 pandemic became a very significant trigger changing the way the world production was conducted in the previous era. In these conditions, large and small businesses are trying to cooperate with each other within the Global Value chains framework, to survive. As the main drivers of global production and financial systems, large corporations had to improve, but it is still difficult to say how long it will take. On the other side, after the pandemic recession, it is becoming more and more obvious that SME sector has increased its impact not only within the national economies, but also in a global scale. A huge amount of financial and institutional support is being provided to the SME sector by the governments, which eventually will lead to an improvement in the International Capital Reproduction System. However, there is still a gap in existing connections within the global value chains, which makes a big challenge for this integration process to be achieved. Although many aspects of globalization are now clearly understood, still there is scarce information on the transforming relations between large companies and their partners - smaller firms and the ways the formers integrate into the Global Value Chains. This study aims to define the evolution of the role of SMEs in the global value chains, identify and assess the factors that contribute to the integration of SMEs into global value chains and explore the impact of GVC onto their institutional framework.
A LOOK AT DOMESTIC AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN PORTUGAL: FROM LAW TO DISCOURSES
Authors: Marques Jacqueline
Published: December 2021

Despite legislative advancements, domestic violence is still today a crime considered as "minor" by many, or often the actions that materialise it are not even recognised. The first steps in Portuguese legislation were taken by the Penal Code approved in 1982, which typified the crime of ill-treatment between spouses, and by the Law n. º 61/91 of 13th of August, which guaranteed “adequate protection to women victims of violence”. However, only in 2007, was the crime of Domestic Violence created, which shows, from 1982 until then, a long path of hesitations and slow social evolution concerning the consciousness of this crime’s seriousness. Until 2007, the crime of spousal abuse was integrated in a broader criminal arrangement, characterised by the abuse of persons. In 2009, with the typification of the crime of Domestic Violence and with the publication of the legal regime applicable to the prevention, protection, and assistance of victims, denominated as Law of Domestic Violence, a more consolidated phase was inaugurated, in both legal treatment and social intervention. Despite these evolutions, Portugal continues to witness an attitude of "social and collective consent" to some forms of Domestic Violence, oftentimes disguised in the acceptance and normalisation of gender inequalities. We have seen news stories where judgements are presented, within the scope of Domestic Violence cases, where discriminatory ideas against women and excuses for the crime of Domestic Violence are manifested. This is proof that some of the representatives of justice (the judges) do not accept what has already been legally approved in the Portuguese legal system. Similarly, recent studies on the population’s perception of domestic and gender-based violence show the abiding ideas and understandings of acceptance and normalisation of domestic and gender-based violence in Portuguese society. We intend to present the evolution of the typification of the crime of domestic violence in Portugal. Then, we intend to understand how this phenomenon has been perceived in Portuguese society. Therefore, we will be able to understand the continuities and ruptures between the legislative body and the social body in what concerns Domestic Violence and Violence against Women in Portugal.
ORGANIZED CRIME - MODERN GLOBAL THREAT
Authors: Gerginova Tatjana
Published: December 2021

"The modern world is faced with new challenges, risks and threats to security that are increasingly unpredictable, asymmetrical and transnational in nature. Organized crime poses a global threat to the security and overall development of states and societies. The analysis is based on electronic sources and a review of domestic and foreign scientific literature. In the preparation of the content of the paper, the author will apply the general scientific methods: the descriptive method and the normative method, and the Method of content analysis as a separate scientific method. In the paper, the author will define the term organized crime and define the types of organized crime. In the final part of the paper, the author will identify the detrimental effects of organized crime internally and externally. The subject of research in this paper is organized crime and its threatening effects on national and international security. The purpose of the research in this paper is to study organized crime as a global threat in the scientific literature with its particularities."
THE ENFORCEMENT OF PRINCIPLE ON LEGALITY IN THE HUNGARIAN FIGHT AGAINST THE IRREGULAR MIGRATION
Authors: Bartko Robert
Published: December 2021

From 2015 Hungary has been permanently affected by the irregular migratory flow, which – already in 2015 - marked a beginning of a new era in the history of European migration. In many European countries, including in Hungary, the public opinion related to irregular migration has forced the legislators to take the necessary and effective measures against it. In Hungary, among others, criminal law has been also in focus. The first step was the construction of the physical border fence, and as a second stage, the Hungarian Parliament adopted the legal framework on its protection. In accordance with this step, new crimes were inserted into the Hungarian Criminal Code, which entered into force in 15 September 2015. These crimes - are called in the Hungarian literature as „crimes against the border barrier” – were the following: unlawful crossing the border barrier, damaging the border barrier and the obstruction on construction work of the border barrier. According to the relevant official statistical data, the number of crimes against the border barrier decreased significantly for the past few years. In contrast to it, the number of the irregular entries or attempts across the border barrier detected by the Hungarian authorities – at least according to the statistical data published by the Hungarian Police Force – are higher than the number of the criminal procedures conducted due to the crimes mentioned. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to present how the principle of „legality” is enforced by the Hungarian authorities concerning the irregular entries and what kind of conclusions can we make according to the criminal-statistical data and to the detected irregular entries. The paper – after presenting the legal background – will analyze the data mentioned above and will try to make legal conclusions and proposals in connection with the fundamental procedural principle mentioned above.
VALIDITY AND LEGAL EFFECT OF PUBLISHING LICENSE AGREEMENTS ACCORDING TO NEW CZECH LEGISLATION
Authors: Tallova Lydie
Published: December 2021

"This contribution focuses on the new legislation on the publishing license agreement in the Czech Republic. Given the legislative history and its importance in the copyright obligation area, this type of agreement occupies an essential position. The publishing license agreement is the oldest kind of license agreement. It dates back more than sixty years to earlier of the Czech legislation. Since 1953, it has been embedded in the the copyright law as a special subtype of copyright agreements. After the recent reform of the Czech private law, this legal body underwent a fundamental legislative change consisting of the transfer of this piece of legislation from the copyright law to the New Civil Code in order to unify the duality of the previous license agreement legislation formerly embedded in two legal norms of the Czech legal system. While the license provisions for literary, artistic and scientific works were contained in the copyright law provisions, the legal protection for industrial property objects, including corresponding license provisions, were subject to the commercial code. In connection with the private law reform, the New Civil Code came into effect on 1 January 2014 and its framework provided the lawmakers with a chance to unify the previously fragmented license agreement legislation into a single legal provision, while at the same time respecting the particularities of the license under copyright law. The unified license agreement legislation for commercial and civil relations in connection with the reform of local private law is newly defined in Sec. 2358 and 2389 of New Civil Code (Act No. 89/2012 Sb.), while the publishing license agreement provisions are defined in a special provision in Sec. 2384 and 2386 thereof. The new legislation has adopted the previous legislation from both special acts without any fundamental changes. However, minor changes are introduced to licensing law in the Czech Republic which are further specified in this paper. The issue under review is set in a theoretical framework and simultaneously depicted in a historical context. This paper presents the topic in its complexity by highlighting the overlap of the introduced changes in license agreement legislation with other provisions of the private law."
Ist das Treibhaus unser Schicksal? Umsteuern in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit. Veröffentlicht am 15.08.2002
Authors: Loske Reinhard
Published: December 2021

Vergleicht man die sechziger mit den neunziger Jahren, so ist die Anzahl der Natur-katastrophen weltweit auf das 3,3fache gestiegen, die Summe der volkswirtschaftlichen Schäden auf das 8,6fache und die Summe der versicherten Schäden auf das 16,9fache. Wenn der Schadensverlauf witterungsbedingter Naturkatastrophen weiter so steigt wie in den letzten 20 Jahren, werden die klimabedingten Schäden im Jahr 2062 höher liegen als das Weltsozialprodukt. Ist die Treibhauswelt unser Schicksal? Oder besteht nicht doch die Möglichkeit, mindestens das Schlimmste abzuwenden? Vor gut 19 Jahren, am 8. August 2002, schrieb Reinhard Loske diesen kurzen Beitrag für die Zeitung „Die Welt“. Hintergrund war die Hochwasserkatastrophe in Mitteleuropa an Elbe und Donau. In der Nacht vom 14. auf den 15. Juli 2021 brach über die Gebiete in NRW und Rheinland-Pfalz das Hochwasser herein. Der Text erscheint prophetisch. Er war es auch für den Autor selbst, dessen Haus in Bad Münstereifel von den Extremniederschlägen in Mitleidenschaft gezogen wurde.
EDUCATIONAL CONTENT OF THE TELEGRAM MESSENGER AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE THE EFF ECTIVENESS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors:   Baikal State University, Belykh O. A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Chemistry is one of the last academic subjects introduced into the educational process, which completes the natural science picture of the world in high school. Although chemistry is one of the least popular subjects chosen for the Unifi ed State Exam, it causes the greatest phobias among students. Since the quality of the subject assimilation in general determines the degree of success in the student’s cognitive activity and professional orientation, the publication aims to consider the efficiency of the educational chemistry content when used in the Telegram messenger. Materials and methods. A pedagogical experiment was conducted using additional educational chemistry content on the Telegram channel “Chemistry – elementary”. The research relied on the competence-based and environmental approaches, which contributed to the individual success of the child in the simulated educational space. Research results. The fi ndings revealed that the pandemic and the transition to distance education technologies increased the need for didactic materials in chemistry. The use of additional educational chemistry content in Telegram messenger showed a positive effect on the quality of knowledge about chemistry. During the experiment, academic performance and cognitive activity in the subject ro se. Conclusion. The results obtained made it possible to substantiate a high level of activity in the subject, and overcoming chemophobia. The organization of additional educational content through the Telegram channel in an accessible game form (quiz questions, puzzles) can serve as a factor increasing the effectiveness of the educational resource.