bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proust for Historians
Authors: Zagorin Perez
Published: January 2007

This essay deals with the relationship between the writer Proust and the work of the historian. It explains why Proust's great novel, À la recherche du temps perdu, should be of interest to historians and discusses his historical sensibility as a literary artist, his portrayal of French society and its changes during the era of the Third Republic up to the years after the first World War, and his observations on anti-Semitism and homosexuality in France at this period. The essay stresses the preoccupation with time and memory which Proust shares with the historian and discusses the points of contact and difference between the two in their view of memory and their efforts to recover and understand the past.
The Textuality of Pleasure
Authors: Livingston Eric
Published: January 2007

"The Textuality of Pleasure" examines the pleasures of ordinary reading as the common correlate of heightened discussions of the benefits of professional reading. Framed by a contrast between the work of reading poetic and prose texts, the paper examines Queneau's Zazie and Wilkin's Seductively Yours in order to establish the ways that the enjoyment of reading is chained to the initimate details of a text, therein seeking as well to provide a new framework for the examination of prose fiction.
The Pragmatics of Case Marking in Saisiyat
Authors: Hsieh Fuhui , Huang Xuanfan
Published: January 2007

Saisiyat, an Austronesian language spoken in northwest Taiwan, has an elaborate case marking system for nominals and pronominals, but the nominative case is often zero marked. Based on natural spoken data, we demonstrate that this absence of nominative case markers is closely tied to the ongoing word order shift from a V-initial language to a strongly subject-initial language, especially in Agent-Focus sentences, rendering any marking for the nominative case pragmatically redundant. Nominative case marking remains a pragmatic option for the presentative construction to introduce a new referent into discourse. A second issue addressed concerns the coding of the Recipient in a ditransitive sentence. We present an unusual case of biaccusative constructions where the semantic role of the Recipient is marked by either the dative or the accusative case marker, the choice being pragmatically determined by the spatial or psychological distance between the Agent and the Recipient. If the Recipient is perceived as being within the spatial or psychological sphere of influence of the Agent and consequently likely to be affected by the action of the Agent, the accusative case is preferred; elsewhere the dative is used. The effect of this is to produce biaccusative constructions, because the Theme in ditransitive sentences is always coded by the accusative case. Case marking in Saisiyat therefore cannot be dissociated from the discourse-pragmatics of language use and an understanding of the nature of the word order change the language is currently undergoing.
Numerals in Formosan Languages
Authors: Li Rengui
Published: January 2007

This is a general survey of cardinal numerals in Formosan languages. Most languages distinguish between human and nonhuman numerals, not only in cardinal numerals, but also for terms that have to do with number, such as 'how many/much', 'many/much', and even 'few/little'. Some languages have a third set of numerals as used in counting, different from both human and nonhuman numerals. Tables of the numerals 1-10 in the still extant Formosan languages are given in the appendixes. Most Formosan languages retain a decimal system, although a few numerals may have been modified in some of the languages. Pazih is the only language that has nearly a quinary system. Numerals may be derived from other numeral stems by addition, subtraction, or multiplication, and some are unique to Formosan languages. Numerals may function either as nouns or verbs, depending on their syntactic position, and they may appear in simple or derived form.
What's in a Name? death before birth
Authors: Jutel Annemarie
Published: January 2007

The medical, legal, and lay communities utilize a range of words to describe a pregnancy that does not result in live birth. These terms, including abortion, miscarriage, and stillbirth, are more than just words: they carry with them a range of meanings and social consequences. This paper explores the complex implications embodied in the language used to designate fetal death and describes how they simultaneously, and paradoxically, establish conflicting subject positions for mother and fetus. It also examines the statutory regulations that affirm the problematic terms in a manner that may leave grieving families without ritual outlets for the expression of their loss. This paper draws on specific examples from Aotearoa New Zealand, while recognizing similarities across Western cultures.
Contested Boundaries: psychiatry, disease, and diagnosis
Authors: Rosenberg Charles E
Published: January 2007

Since the 19th century, we have come to think of disease in terms of specific entities—entities defined and legitimated in terms of characteristic somatic mechanisms. Since the last third of that century, we have expanded would-be disease categories to include an ever-broader variety of emotional pain, idiosyncrasy, and culturally unsettling behaviors. Psychiatry has been the residuary legatee of these developments, developments that have always been contested at the ever-shifting boundary between disease and deviance, feeling and symptom, the random and the determined, the stigmatized and the value-free. Even in our era of reductionist hopes, psychopharmaceutical practice, and corporate strategies, the legitimacy of many putative disease categories will remain contested. The use of the specific disease entity model will always be a reductionist means to achieve necessarily holistic ends, both in terms of cultural norms and the needs of suffering individuals. Bureaucratic rigidities and stakeholder conflicts structure and intensify such boundary conflicts, as do the interests and activism of an interested lay public.
Aristotle's Fish: the case of the kobios and phucis
Authors: Tipton Jason
Published: January 2007

Aristotle was a remarkable observer of the living world. He made detailed observations on the anatomy and life history characteristics of many organisms as part of a larger study into the differentiae (diaphora) of groups of animals. This reexamination of Aristotle's observations of two small fishes is a study into the work or the way of being of particular organic wholes. As such, it is directed by three main objectives: to evaluate the accuracy of those observations Aristotle makes with regard to the kobios and phucis in the History of Animals, as well as to understand how he might have conducted his research; to determine whether aspects of those observations would ground more philosophical arguments; and to contribute to the understanding of the basic biology of these fishes. In so doing, this article also may introduce a new generation of biologists to the richness of Aristotle's biological observations and the questions that motivated them.
The Evolution of a Social Construction: The Case of Male Homosexuality
Authors: Adriaens Pieter R , Block Andreas de
Published: January 2007

Male homosexuality has been viewed by evolutionary psychologists as a Darwinian paradox, and by other social scientists as a social construction. We argue that it is better understood as an evolutionary social construction. Male homosexuality as we now know it is an 18th-century invention, but nonexclusive same-sex sexual behavior has a long evolutionary history. According to the alliance-formation hypothesis, same-sex sexuality evolved by natural selection because it created or strengthened male-male alliances and allowed low-status males to reposition themselves in the group hierarchy and thereby increase their reproductive success. This hypothesis makes sense of some odd findings about male homosexuality and helps to explain the rise in exclusive male homosexuality in the 18th century. The sociohistorical conditions around 1700 may have resulted in an increase in same-sex sexual behavior. Cultural responses to same-sex sexuality led to the spread of exclusive homosexual behavior and to the creation of a homosexual identity. Understanding male homosexuality as an evolutionary social construction can help us move beyond the traditionally polarized debate between evolutionary psychologists and social constructionists.
Complex Adaptive System Models and the Genetic Analysis of Plasma HDL-Cholesterol Concentration
Authors: Rea Thomas J , Brown Christine M , Sing Charles F
Published: January 2007

Despite remarkable advances in diagnosis and therapy, ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Recent efforts to estimate the influence of genetic variation on IHD risk have focused on predicting individual plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration. Plasma HDL-C concentration (mg/dl), a quantitative risk factor for IHD, has a complex multifactorial etiology that involves the actions of many genes. Single gene variations may be necessary but are not individually sufficient to predict a statistically significant increase in risk of disease. The complexity of phenotype-genotype-environment relationships involved in determining plasma HDL-C concentration has challenged commonly held assumptions about genetic causation and has led to the question of which combination of variations, in which subset of genes, in which environmental strata of a particular population significantly improves our ability to predict high or low risk phenotypes. We document the limitations of inferences from genetic research based on commonly accepted biological models, consider how evidence for real-world dynamical interactions between HDL-C determinants challenges the simplifying assumptions implicit in traditional linear statistical genetic models, and conclude by considering research options for evaluating the utility of genetic information in predicting traits with complex etiologies.
The Crow and the Coconut: Accident, Coincidence, and Causation in the YogavÄsiá¹£á¹­ha
Authors: Buxton Nicholas
Published: January 2007

This article explores the way in which the YogavÄsis
t
ha's account of causation as coincidence relates to its soteriological agenda and the view that the 'existence' of the worldâdeemed to be an illusion anywayâis a mere accident. Comparison is made to similar ideas about causality articulated by David Hume, who nonetheless stops short of drawing quite such radical metaphysical conclusions, in spite of his epistemological skepticism concerning the existence of external objects.
Zhuangzi and the Nature of Metaphor
Authors: Chong Kim Chong
Published: January 2007

While it is well known that Zhuangzi uses metaphor extensively, there is much less appreciation of the role that it plays in his thought—a topic that is investigated in this essay. At the same time, this investigation is closely concerned with questions about the nature of metaphor. Comparisons are made between a central metaphorical structure in the Zhuangzi on the one hand and contemporary views of the nature of metaphor by Donald Davidson and by Lakoff and Johnson on the other. It is hoped that these comparisons will help to illuminate the central metaphorical structure and its role in the philosophy of the Zhuangzi.
Saying the Unsayable
Authors: Ho Chien-hsing
Published: January 2007

A number of traditional philosophers and religious thinkers advocated an ineffability thesis to the effect that the ultimate reality cannot be expressed as it truly is by human concepts and words. But this thesis has been criticized and dismissed by some modern scholars. This article intends to show the consistency of this thesis. After introducing certain criticisms set forth by the critics and examining the disputable solution offered by John Hick, the author attends to Bhartr
hari's solution to tackle the main problem here. This fifth-century Indian grammarian-philosopher's strategy, based on the imposition-cum-negation method, is then enlarged and supplemented to deal with the criticisms and related issues.
Two Chariots: The Justification of the Best Life in the Katha Upanishad and Plato's Phaedrus
Authors: Schiltz Elizabeth Ann
Published: January 2007

The philosophical import of the chariot images found in the Katha Upanishad and the Phaedrus is considered here. It is claimed that the resemblance in the accounts provided in these disparate texts is not merely incidental. Rather, each chariot-image should be read as contributing to a careful answer to the same thorny philosophical problem: the identification and justification of the best life for the individual. It is argued that each serves to illuminate an internal and complex account of the self, which grounds and supports an effective rejection of the life spent in pursuit of the satisfaction of bodily desires in favor of the life spent in pursuit of wisdom
Sakya Pandita and the Status of Concepts
Authors: Stoltz Jonathan
Published: January 2007

The thirteenth-century Tibetan thinker Sakya Pandita was a diehard supporter
of nominalism with respect to abstract entities. Here, two arguments given by
Sakya Pandita against the robust existence of concepts (don spyi) are analyzed
and elucidated. The first argument is rooted in the Buddhist idea that
conceptual thought is unsound, whereas the second argument arises from
considerations of intersubjectivity and verification. By presenting these
arguments we gain both a fuller picture of the central role played by concepts
within the Tibetan tradition of philosophy of mind and a better appreciation
of the philosophical acuity of the Tibetan polymath Sakya Pandita.
The Hidden Scheme of the Virtues in Hildegard of Bingen's Ordo Virtutum
Authors: Dabke Roswitha
Published: January 2007

Hildegard of Bingen is considered to have selected the Virtues of her 'Play of the Virtues' without recourse to a traditional scheme. However, biblical allusions in their main scene align these Virtues with the Gifts of the Holy Spirit and the Beatitudes, a traditional Virtues' framework. One Virtue, nameless through an erasure, completes the scheme as the exegetically derived Beatitude Virtue 'Heavenly Desire'. Hildegard's music and poetic-dramatic language give a distinct structure to this trajectory of a virtuous Christian life and, unlike Carolingian and twelfth-century authors, she accommodates both common and unusual Virtues in the scheme.
The University Library: The Center of a University Education?
Authors: Frade Patricia A , Washburn Allyson
Published: January 2007

This paper discusses a formal study conducted in 2001 at Brigham Young University to determine the value of the library to the university community. Methods used to collect data for the study included an e-mail survey, usage statistics, naturalistic observations, and interviews. Two years after the study, the authors wondered if the conclusions of the study were still valid. Replicating the original study was impossible, but certain data were readily available for comparison. The comparable data are presented and analyzed. Two new services implemented in response to student requests and their possible influence on continued library usage are presented.
Why We Do What We Do: Exploring Priorities within Public Services Librarianship
Authors: Johnson Corey M , Lindsay Elizabeth Blakesley
Published: January 2007

Public services librarians perform an increasingly diverse set of duties, and this study explores which job components are most important to librarians. The researchers surveyed public services librarians at ARL libraries to gather data on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence how public services librarians spend their time. The study examines librarian opinions about job aspects that are most personally satisfying and issues related to tenure and librarian education. The results show a disconnect between what librarians view as important to users and what is important for achieving tenure. The year of graduation also appears as a key factor in perceptions and practices, including a perceived lack of library school training for instruction work.
Questioning LibQUAL+ TM: Expanding its Assessment of Academic Library Effectiveness
Authors: Edgar William B
Published: January 2007

This article examines LibQUAL+TM's instrument, fundamental assumption, and research approach and proposes a functional/technical model of academic library effectiveness. This expanded view of library effectiveness complements LibQUAL+TM, emphasizing it to be dependent upon users' experience of service delivery, as LibQUAL+TM recognizes. However, this broader model reveals that effectiveness also depends upon an academic library's operations, the constituency groups it serves, the types of value provided to them, the models for funding libraries, academic libraries' obligations, and library users' need for professional information assistance. Supplementing LibQUAL+TM, this broader approach provides a basis for demonstrating both immediate and cumulative academic library effectiveness.
Combining IM and Vendor-based Chat: A Report from the Frontlines of an Integrated Service
Authors: Ward David , Kern M. Kathleen
Published: January 2007

Driven by studies showing that Millennials (ages 18–24) have adopted IM (instant messaging) as a standard communications medium, many libraries are reaching out to their own patrons in this way. At the same time, some of these libraries have invested thousands of dollars in vendor-based chat reference solutions that provide duplicate functionality. This article assesses a pilot project that offered both IM and vendor-based chat reference simultaneously to users. Impact on workflow, staff stress, training, and other management issues are highlighted, as well as evidence of user preferences and an evaluation of best practices for offering multi-service chat reference.
Students as Audience: Identity and Information Literacy Instruction
Authors: Willis Carolyn N , Thomas Wm. Joseph
Published: January 2007

This article encourages librarians to ask who their students are and how the makeup of the student body influences their instructional planning and presentations. Specifically included are implications for teaching space, planning for and presenting instructional content in person, and identifying outreach activities to selected student groups. The article includes survey data reflecting students' identity and preference for teaching strategies that might be most effective for themselves and for their classmates. The authors maintain that the goal of library instruction remains the same as it has been—for all students to learn successful research strategies and information literacy skills.
The Impact of the Label of Mild Cognitive Impairment on the Individual's Sense of Self
Authors: Corner Lynne , Bond John
Published: January 2007

Definitions of the concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and suggested therapies are controversial. There are no widely acknowledged therapies and the ethical implications and methodologic issues around identifying and defining people with MCI are important concerns. The psychosocial implications for the person being labeled as having MCI have not been widely explored. This paper addresses these issues and presents data from two contrasting case studies. Key analytical themes identified in the qualitative analysis include different views about the causes of dementia ("normal aging" versus disease); fear and anxiety about dementia; how such factors influence presentation to health professionals; and the effect of a label of cognitive impairment on quality of life. Our conclusion is that the usefulness and justification for early identification of cognitive impairment in a situation that has not yet been recognized by those involved should be questioned.
Changing Ethnic Composition and Potential Violent Conflict in Riau Archipelago, Indonesia: An Early Warning Signal
Authors: Ananta Aris
Published: January 2007

Compared to locals, migrants are more likely to be risk takers and have a stronger "fighting" spirit. Therefore, migrants tend to win in the competition with the local people. If the migrants win and they come from different ethnic and religious backgrounds, social jealousy may arise and conflicts can be easily provoked by outsiders. Indeed, many conflicts in Indonesia have been provoked by outsiders, utilising the relatively "balanced" ethnic and religious composition as well as socio-economic disparity among them.

Riau Archipelago is one of the richest provinces in Indonesia. It has become a magnet for people within Indonesia. Because of its history, the Malay often claim to be the putra daerah (the son of the land, the "owner" or "stakeholder" of the land) of the province of Riau Archipelago. However, the rising flow of migration to the province has changed the ethnic and religious composition of the province. With only 37.44% of the total population, the Malay no longer constitute the dominant ethnic group.

This paper analyses socio-economic strata of the population by ethnic and religious groups and finds out that difference by ethnicity seems to be stronger than that by religion. Furthermore, the situation of changing ethnic composition is similar to the changing ethnic and religious composition of the population in Maluku in Eastern Indonesia. Maluku used to have an equal number of Christians and Muslims, but the large flow of Muslim migrants has changed the ratio between the numbers of Muslims and Christians. Being provoked by outsiders, Maluku had suffered a prolonged "religious" conflict since 1999. This paper serves as an early warning signal to policymakers in the Riau Archipelago and cautions that the changing ethnic composition in the region may become a fertile ground for violent conflicts.
Re/thinking Practices of Power: The Discursive Framing of Leadership in The Chronicle of Higher Education
Authors: Allan Elizabeth J , Gordon Suzanne P , Iverson Susan V
Published: January 2007

This article examines how discourses of leadership reflect and produce particular perceptions about leaders and leadership in higher education. An analysis of 103 articles published by The Chronicle of Higher Education between 2002 and 2003 reveal four predominant discourses shaping images of leaders: autonomy, relatedness, masculinity, and professionalism. These discourses construct images of leaders as experts, beneficiaries, heroes, tyrants, negotiators, and facilitators. This article discusses how these leadership images align with modalities of power.
Toward a Theoretical Framework for Membership: The Case of Undocumented Immigrants and Financial Aid for Postsecondary Education
Authors: Perry Andre M
Published: January 2007

This case study/philosophical analysis responds to the primary research question: "Should undocumented immigrants receive financial aid by responding to the sub-question: What does it mean to be a member of society?" The case study organizes and collects empirical evidence from stakeholders involved in Texas House Bill 1403 (2001), legislation granting in-state tuition to undocumented immigrants. The study found that principles of residency, social awareness, reciprocation, investment, identification, patriotism, destiny, and law abidingness form a framework that explains substantive membership. I argue that undocumented immigrants who have developed into substantive members should receive financial aid.
Creative Questers: Remedios Varo and the Narrator of Carpentier's Los pasos perdidos
Authors: Sanchez Elizabeth Doremus
Published: January 2007

This comparative study considers the treatment of the quest motif in selected paintings of Remedios Varo (covering her highly productive period from 1955 through 1963) and in Alejo Carpentier's novel, Los pasos perdidos (1953). Both the novel and the paintings tell the story of a journey that leads to self-discovery, creative awakening, and spiritual rebirth for the artist/protagonist/narrator. Both can be shown to trace out the stages of the archetypal hero adventure, although the paintings were not planned to represent phases in a heroic quest in the systematic way that Carpentier's narrator presents them in his carefully constructed narrative. The most prominent and interesting difference that comes to light in the course of the comparison has to do with the artist's need for an audience and the extent to which the creator identifies with his/her creation. Carpentier's male quester must return to the world of time in order to communicate his vision (in his case, his musical composition) to his contemporaries. As such he repeats the pattern of the successful hero adventure: departure, sojourn in the timeless realm, and eventual return to community with a "boon" or insight. Varo's female quester is not confronted with the dilemma of return. Once she breaks free from the conventional world of time, she begins to sense her own oneness with nature, and her creativity is expressed in terms of liberation—liberation of self and other, and from the time-bound self. Her mission eventually becomes clear to her: to align herself perfectly with the creative principle of the universe and to disappear into her creation.
Biographer and Subject: A Tale of Two Narratives
Authors: Hibbard Allen
Published: January 2007

Biographer and Subject: A Tale of Two Narratives": The enterprise of writing biography necessarily involves two distinct, yet related narrative strands: the story of the subject and the story of the biographer coming to know, structure, and recreate the life of the subject. This paper explores the nature of this dialectical relationship through an examination of various experiments in biography and novels that highlight this dynamic. In the end, I briefly suggest ways to theorize this critical and vexing issue in biography studies. Biography itself, as a genre, usually effaces or even erases the stories of biographers' sleuthing and journeys in the interest of creating a clear, coherent, linear narrative of the subject's life. There are exceptions, however, that incorporate or foreground the biographer's own narrative as he or she travels hither and thither, interviewing this person and that person, in an effort to come to know the subject better. Among those exceptions I discuss are: A.J.A. Symons's The Quest for Corvo, Eunice Lipton's Alias Olympia: A Woman's Search for Manet's Notorious Model and Her Own Desire, and Ian Hamilton's In Search of J.D. Salinger. As Virginia Woolf maintained, fiction, because it is not bound by the expectation of factual representation, provides richer and more expansive opportunities for presenting/representing this intriguing relationship between biographer and subject than does biography. I consider how works such as Henry James's The Aspern Papers, Julian Barnes's Flaubert's Parrot, and A.S. Byatt's Possession: A Romance help us understand that dynamic. Finally, how do we begin to theorize this issue? Frequently the relationship between biographer and subject is figured as parasitical. I suggest, instead, a more symbiotic model, using the work of Paul Ricoeur who, in his description of hermeneutic activity, emphasizes how the configuration of the work is refigured by the reader. This collaboration is made possible by the writer's and reader's shared notions of language and time (represented through narrative). In similar fashion, I suggest, the configuration of a subject's life is refigured by the biographer.
The Role of the Narrator in Literary Biography
Authors: Middlebrook Diane Wood
Published: January 2007

"The Imperative of Narrative in Literary Biography": This essay discusses elements of creativity that distinguish literary biography as a literary genre in its own right—different from history, different from fiction, but one that requires the skills both of the researcher and of the artist to reach its full potential. Chiefly, Middlebrook argues, it requires the invention of a narrator who serves as a contemporary guide to the materials of the book, telling the life as a story. This narrator may be presented in the first person, or be entirely "transparent"; but either way, the narrator is a fully literary creation designed as a channel of subjectivity through which the historical materials of the biography are delivered to readers. Middlebrook draws her examples from Lyndall Gordon, Vindication: A Life of Mary Wollstonecraft; Stephen Greenblatt, Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare; Ian Hamilton, Robert Lowell, A Biography; and Janet Malcolm, Reading Chekhov: A Critical Journey.
The Politics of the Coleridgean Symbol
Authors: Fried Daniel
Published: January 2007

The distinction between symbol and allegory laid out by Samuel Taylor Coleridge in The Statesman's Manual (1816) has long been a central allusion for the contemporary theoretical canon. However, poststructuralist interest in the passage has obscured the original political context of Coleridge's seminal critical definition, which has as yet been unremarked in the scholarly literature. This paper argues that the conceptions of symbol and allegory that Coleridge offers are inseparable from his political concerns and in particular that symbol is a class-determined category urged upon those with sufficient leisure and education for reflection, while allegory is disparaged as a monstrosity of Jacobin abstraction.
Southern Discomfort: AIDS Stigmatization in Wilmington, North Carolina
Authors: Elmore Kimberlee Ann
Published: January 2007

Stigmatization creates particular spatialities, marginalizes people with HIV/AIDS and further endangers those engaged in risky behaviors. While HIV/AIDS in the American South resembles in many ways the national picture, there are cultural aspects specific to the South that make dealing with the disease particularly challenging and thus perpetuate the stigmatization process. In Wilmington, North Carolina, HIV/AIDS—both the disease and its victims—are stigmatized through various sociospatial mechanisms that I explore through 63 interviews with service providers, people with HIV/AIDS and other community members. Qualitative data analysis reveals that stigma can undermine efforts to prevent the further spread of HIV. Also, stigma can heighten vulnerability to HIV infection because fear of AIDS stigma and discrimination may deter people from being tested for the disease and from seeking information and assistance.
Becoming a Jew by Becoming a German: The Newest Jewish Writing from the "East"
Authors: Gilman Sander L
Published: January 2007

The development of a new Jewish culture in Germany since 1990 is parallel to the new Jewish culture beginning to appear from the Russian Jewish community in the United States and Israel. The context, however, makes this writing and these writers unique in their often contradictory dealing with what it means to be a Jew and what it means to be a German.
Caught Dancing: Hybridity, Stability, and Subversion in Dance Theatre of Harlem's Creole Giselle
Authors: Gaiser Carrie
Published: January 2007

Dance Theatre of Harlem's staging of its first full-length nineteenth-century ballet, Giselle, necessitated a direct encounter with ballet's iconic whiteness. By transplanting Giselle from its feudal Rhineland setting to the farms of antebellum Louisiana's free people of color, the new production strove to make ballet culturally "relevant" to African Americans while easing the charged conjunction of African American dancing body and European classical ballet technique. Taking its cue from the "Creole" of the Creole Giselle's unofficial title, this essay examines the hazards and opportunities presented by "hybridity" as a mode of racial and cultural negotiation. The Creole Giselle, through the racial coding of its dancers, made visible a paradoxical combination of subjection, remembrance, and virtuosic assertion in performance.
"The Illegitimate Assistance of Political Allusion": Politics and the Hybridization of Romantic Tragedy in the Drama of Richard Lalor Sheil
Authors: Saglia Diego
Published: January 2007

This essay focuses on Richard Lalor Sheil, one of the forgotten names in British and Anglo-Irish drama and theatre of the Romantic period, as crucial to an examination of the contaminated nature of the tragic on the Romantic stage. Written and performed between 1814 and 1819, his plays—Adelaide, The Apostate, Bellamira, and his greatest success, Evadne—combine Gothic and melodramatic features, Renaissance models, and Orientalist themes, together with references to topical political issues and ideological concerns. The intricacies of Irish and British politics after 1800 and the international developments in post-Napoleonic Europe leave visible traces in Sheil's dramaturgy, which, in turn, plays a central role in the emergence of liberally-inspired dramatic and theatrical practices on the London stage between the late first decade and the early second decade of the nineteenth century. As the hybrid qualities of these plays are keyed to specific political and ideological concerns, they offer an important contribution to our understanding of the discontinuities in Romantic-period tragic writing for current literary-historical reconstructions and critical debates.
The Tease of Truth: Seduction, Verisimilitude (?), and Spectatorship in I Am My Own Wife
Authors: Schiavi Michael R
Published: January 2007

Doug Wright's play I Am My Own Wife (2003) made a commercial and critical Broadway smash out of the unlikeliest heroine: the dead, German, notoriously untrustworthy transvestite Charlotte von Mahlsdorf. After reviewing Charlotte's pre-Wife phenomenology, this article explores the dramaturgical techniques through which Wright kept mass audiences invested in the spectacle of a purportedly "real" protagonist whose life and persona were built upon detectable lies. Charlotte's hold over audiences has powerful resonance for our understanding of the nature of spectatorship, particularly the verisimilitude expected of, if only partially delivered by, the one-person biodrama.
A Genre for Early Mass Culture: French Vaudeville and the City, 1830-1848
Authors: Terni Jennifer L.
Published: January 2007

Vaudeville was among the most popular theatrical genres of nineteenth-century France. Rooted in classic comedy (unlike British and American vaudeville), French vaudeville was a precursor to the modern television sitcom and was at the forefront of changes that remade theatre into a spectacular media product. Vaudevilles portrayed the pursuit of social status in satirical send-ups that suggested the ways in which consumption was becoming a vehicle for the performance of new forms of identity and social exchange. In its connection to consumer culture, vaudeville invites us to reconsider assumptions that have tended to inform our readings of bourgeois and popular culture.
Asymmetric Information, Mediation, and Conflict Management
Authors: Rauchhaus Robert W.
Published: January 2007

This article examines mediation in conflicts using both a game-theoretic model and a quantitative analysis. The game-theoretic model suggests that mediator effectiveness rests primarily on the ability of third parties to provide critical information about the disputants’ reservation points. The empirical analysis finds that mediation that targets asymmetric information is a highly effective form of conflict management. Moreover, the results suggest that mediation outperforms other forms of third-party intervention, including those that entail coercion. Both the model and quantitative analysis indicate that impartial mediators will generally outperform biased ones. Along with providing new information on conflict management, the quantitative analysis also has broader implications for IR theory. The results provide empirical support for the rationalist claim that asymmetric information is one of the root causes of war.
Curricular Reform and College-Based Innovation in Vocational Education and Training in England and Germany
Authors: Ertl Hubert , Kremer H.-Hugo
Published: January 2007

This article outlines a small-scale comparative research project which investigates the effects of the wide-ranging reforms in the vocational education and training (VET) sector of Germany and England on the work of colleges and teaching personnel. The article provides some background to the ongoing reform of college-based training in the two countries. From an institutional perspective, the article examines to what extent VET reforms lead to innovative teaching practice at vocational colleges ( Berufsschulen in Germany) and further education (FE) colleges (in England). It also looks at the degree to which administrative and leadership structures at colleges enable and prepare lecturers to embrace changes and to what extent these structures result in a reactive or proactive stance regarding educational innovation. From a personnel perspective, the lecturers' attitudes towards change are investigated. Their perceptions of current reforms are examined as well as the connection between reforms and their translation into innovative practice.
International Migration and its Impact on Education: A Look at Germany and the USA
Authors: Ochs Kimberly
Published: January 2007

This article looks at the impact of international migration on the German education system, including formal, non-formal and informal education at all levels. The first section provides an overview of the issue of international migration, and the international policy discourse about migration and education. The second section provides a brief overview of the German education system, providing a backdrop for the discussion. Section three takes in turn the impact of migration on the different levels of education (primary, secondary and tertiary), and also includes an account of the inspection of German schools, universities and selected educational institutions by the United Nations, in which the author participated as an observer, where special attention was given to the human rights of children and the experiences of migrant students. Section four compares the situation in Germany with that in the USA, and proposes a number of issues for consideration among practitioners, policy makers and researchers to build upon the current debate and to improve the situation in both Germany and in the USA. This is of particular relevance given the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's most recent PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) study and continued concerns about Germany's lacklustre performance in comparison to other developed nations.
Keeping Apace with Change
Authors: Grieve K.
Published: January 2007

Nothing is so constant: Change is an ever‐present fact of life, and the engine that drives scientific research. In this Editorial, the Deputy Editor looks at the role of Advanced Functional Materials in communicating the ever‐evolving breakthroughs of materials science, and overviews some of the changes in the journal over the past year.
Identification of aromatase‐positive radial glial cells as progenitor cells in the ventricular layer of the forebrain in zebrafish
Authors: Pellegrini Elisabeth , Mouriec Karen , Anglade Isabelle , Menuet Arnaud , Le Page Yann , Gueguen Marie‐Madeleine , Marmignon Marie‐Hélène , Brion François , Pakdel Farzad , Kah Olivier
Published: January 2007

Compared with other vertebrates, the brain of adult teleost fish exhibits two unique features: it exhibits unusually high neurogenic activity and strongly expresses aromatase, a key enzyme that converts aromatizable androgens into estrogens. Until now, these two features, high neurogenic and aromatase activities, have never been related to each other. Recently, it was shown that aromatase is expressed in radial glial cells of the forebrain and not in neurons. Here, we further document that Aromatase B is never detected in cells expressing the markers of postmitotic neurons, Hu and acetylated tubulin. By using a combination of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) treatment and immunohistochemical techniques, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge that aromatase‐positive radial cells actively divide to generate newborn cells in many forebrain regions. Such newborn cells can further divide, as shown by BrdU‐proliferating cell nuclear antigen double staining. We also demonstrate that, over time, newborn cells move away from the ventricles, most likely by migrating along the radial processes. Finally, by using antisera to Hu and acetylated tubulin, we further document that some of the newborn cells derived from radial glia differentiate into neurons. These data provide new evidence for the mechanism of neurogenesis in the brain of adult fish. In addition, given that estrogens are well‐known neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors affecting proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and differentiation, the expression of aromatase in the neural stem cells of the adult strongly demonstrates that the fish brain is an outstanding model for studying the effects of estrogens on adult neurogenesis and brain repair. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:150–167, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enzymes that synthesize the IB4 epitope are not sufficient to impart IB4 binding in dorsal root ganglia of rat
Authors: Fullmer Joseph M. , Riedl Maureen , Williams Frank G. , Sandrin Mauro , Elde Robert
Published: January 2007

The isolectin B4 (IB4) stains a subset of small and medium‐sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons by binding to terminal α‐galactose on glycoproteins and glycolipids. The enzymes α(1,3)galactosyltransferase (1,3GT) and isoglobotriaosylceramide synthase (iGb3S) synthesize the galactose‐α(1,3)‐galactose group, which is the most common carbohydrate containing terminal α‐galactose. 1,3GT preferentially glycosylates proteins whereas iGb3S glycosylates lipids. We generated antibodies against rat 1,3GT and iGb3S that were used for immunohistochemical staining of DRG cells. Virtually all neurons that bound IB4 expressed both enzymes, suggesting that IB4 binds to both glycoproteins and glycolipids in IB4‐positive neurons. 1,3GT immunoreactivity was observed in small and medium‐sized neurons and satellite cells. iGb3S immunoreactivity was observed in neurons of varying sizes. Many neurons that expressed these enzymes did not bind IB4. Additionally, the majority of neurons that expressed substance P expressed both enzymes but did not bind IB4. Ultrastructual studies revealed that 1,3GT was predominantly associated with the Golgi apparatus, whereas iGb3S was found near the Golgi apparatus and in large, clear vesicles throughout the soma. These data suggest that, although expression of 1,3GT and/or iGb3S appears to be necessary for IB4 binding, expression of these enzymes is not sufficient to impart IB4 binding. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:70–82, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bis(phosphinimino)methanides as Ligands in Divalent Samarium Chemistry: Synthesis, Structures and Catalysis
Authors: Wiecko Michal , Roesky Peter W. , Burlakov Vladimir V. , Spannenberg Anke
Published: January 2007

The reaction of K{CH(PPh2NSiMe3)2} with samarium diiodide in a 1:1 molar ratio in thf affords the corresponding divalent samarium complex [{(Me3SiNPPh2)2CH}Sm(μ‐I)(thf)]2 (1), whereas treatment of K{CH(PPh2NSiMe3)2} with samarium diiodide in a 2:1 molar ratio in thf gives the homoleptic complex [{(Me3SiNPPh2)2CH}2Sm] (2). When 1 is treated with KNPh2 in toluene in a 2:1 molar ratio the mixed dimeric compound [({(Me3SiNPPh2)CH}2Sm)2(μ‐I)(μ‐NPh2)] (3) is obtained. The single‐crystal X‐ray structures of all these complexes have been determined. [{(Me3SiNPPh2)2CH}Sm(μ‐I)(thf)]2 has also been successfully used as a catalyst for the polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone. Good activities and molecular masses are observed with this catalyst.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Genes with greater up‐regulation in the fracture callus of older rats with delayed healing
Authors: Meyer Martha H. , Meyer Ralph A.
Published: January 2007

The rate of bone formation to bridge a fracture gap slows with age. To explore potential pathogenic mechanisms and possible negative‐feedback responses by the skeleton to this reduced rate of healing, mRNA transcripts up‐regulated more and/or longer were studied in older rats with delayed healing. Female rats at 6 (young), 26 (adult), and 52 (old) weeks of age received unilateral diaphyseal femoral fractures with intramedullary rod stabilization. At 0, 0.4, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after fracture, the fracture site was harvested. Total RNA was extracted, cRNA was prepared, and the cRNA was hybridized to 54 Affymetrix U34A microarrays (three arrays/age/time point). Transcripts for 180 genes were identified as up‐regulated more and/or longer in old rats with delayed fracture healing. Of these, 60 were selected for more intense review. Significantly more and/or longer expression was seen in genes related to myofibroblasts, cell proliferation, calcification inhibition, TGF‐β activity, lipid metabolism, cell adhesion, and the cytoskeleton. Further study is needed to determine if these up‐regulated transcripts are related to the pathological processes which slow healing or are related to attempts by the fracture tissue to stimulate bone to bridge the fracture gap. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:488–494, 2007
Composite reconstruction in advanced cancer of the mouth floor: Autogenous frozen‐thawed mandibular bone and free flaps
Authors: Calabrese Luca , Garusi Cristina , Giugliano Gioacchino , Ansarin Mohssen , Bruschini Roberto , Chiesa Fausto
Published: January 2007

Mandibular symphyseal resection requires composite reconstructions, often with unsatisfactory morphofunctional results. Seven patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth underwent block resection with immediate reconstruction, using the removed mandible treated with liquid nitrogen and covered with a free forearm flap. In all cases, the resection was radical and no major postoperative complications occurred. Two patients died in 6 months for distant metastases and regional recurrence. In the other 5 patients, no local recurrence occurred at a mean follow‐up of 52 months (36–70). Immediate cosmetic and functional results were good. Of the 5 patients, 4 had late complications requiring further surgery. This technique of bone reimplantation produces no donor site morbidity, perfect immediate morphological result, and is of low cost. The free forearm flap is effective in sealing the oral cavity, though further clinical and experimental studies are necessary to reduce late local complications. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
The spatial distribution of the wheat‐bulb fly, Leptohylemyia coarctata (fall.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Ryan M. F.
Published: January 2007

The spatial distribution of the eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of the wheat‐bulb fly was investigated by fitting 42 sets of data comprising 1334 samples to the Poisson and negative binomial distributions, and by using the power law (S2=amb). In general, the tests indicated that all stages were aggregated and fitted the negative binomial model.
Formation of a liquid crystalline phase between aqueous surfactant solutions and oily substances
Authors: Yatagai M. , Komaki M. , Nakajima T. , Hashimoto T.
Published: January 2007

The process in which a ternary liquid crystalline (LC) phase containing surfactant, water and oily substance is formed after contact of aqueous surfactant solution and oily substance was investigated by a combination of (i) microscopic observation in polarized light and (ii) penetration of water‐soluble or oil‐soluble dye into LC phase. The structure of LC phase and the process of its formation were found to be affected by many factors, such as kinds of surfactant, surfactant concentration, alkyl chain length of oil and so on.

Oil is supposed to be gradually incorporated into LC phase with time. The fact that parts of LC phase are projected into the exterior surfactant solution, and that the continuous phase within LC phase is water, suggest the possibility of the dispersion of LC phase into the exterior solution.

The process of the formation of LC phase implies some contribution to oily dirt removal.

The process of the formation of LC phase implies some contribution to oily dirt removal.