bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminativne tvorjenke in njihova obrazila od 16. stoletja do danes
Authors: Markežič Tjaša , Stramljič Breznik Irena
Published: April 2020

Prispevek prikazuje obravnavo feminativov v slovnicah slovenskega jezika skozi petstoletno zgodovino. Kot najrodnejši in zastopani v prav vseh obravnavanih jezikovnih virih nastopata feminativni priponski obrazili -ica in -ka, kot tretje najpogostejše se pojavlja -inja. Primerjava razvrstitvenih pravil za posamezno obrazilo v starejših slovnicah in današnjem jezikovnem stanju kaže večstoletno kontinuiteto, do dstopanj prihaja le pri določenih avtorjih starejših slovnic.
Slovar zvonjenja in pritrkavanja – terminološki slovar kulturnega konteksta
Authors: Bokal Ljudmila
Published: April 2020

Prispevek na podlagi Slovarja zvonjenja in pritrkavanja (2017) načenja vprašanje zasnove terminoloških slovarjev, ki so odraz kulturnega konteksta. Ta se izkazuje z narečnimi termini in z variacijami, uvedenimi v slovarske sestavke, kar je novost pri obdelavi terminov v terminoloških slovarjih. Terminološka naravnanost slovarja izhaja iz heterogenosti strok, ki jih vsebuje zvonoslovje, in iz notranje specializacije terminov.
Opombe o izvoru in rabi slovničnih izrazov »moški« in »ženski« spol
Authors: Kavčič Jerneja
Published: April 2020

V prispevku obravnavam nastanek in uveljavitev slovničnih izrazov »moški« in »ženski« spol v antični slovnični tradiciji, ki je ključno zaznamovala moderno slovnično izrazoslovje. Predstavljam najstarejše starogrške obravnave slovničnega spola in z njimi povezane poskuse umetnih posegov v jezikovno rabo, dotaknem pa se tudi vprašanja slovničnega spola grške izposojenke polis v slovenščini.
Kontrastivna obravnava povratnosvojilnega zaimka v slovenščini in ruščini
Authors: Uhlik Mladen , Žele Andreja
Published: April 2020

Prispevek obravnava osnovne značilnosti rabe povratnosvojilnega zaimka svoj v slovenščini in ruščini. Opozorjeno je na različne skladenjske kontekste in na vprašanje koreferenčnosti med povratnosvojilnim zaimkom in njegovim antecedentom. V obeh jezikih se kaže, da je pojavljanje povratnosvojilnega zaimka v različnih skladenjskih vlogah v veliki meri povezano z različnimi tipi pomenskih rab.
Razmišljanje ob prevzemanju imen iz korejščine
Authors: Dovjak Rok
Published: April 2020

Zaradi odmevnosti severnokorejske politike ter južnokorejske gospodarske moči in vse večje prisotnosti njene popularne kulture (filmi, glasba) v svetu lahko tudi v Sloveniji pričakujemo več zanimanja za korejski jezik in kulturo. Kako zapisovati korejska imena in pojme, da bi jih brali približno skladno z izvirno izreko in bi bili hkrati čim bolj prepoznavni? Zaradi več specifičnih dejavnikov se zdi obravnava korejščine smiselna kot spodbuda in model za druge jezike pri celostni razpravi o prevzemanju sploh.
Sociolingvistički uvidi u rasprave o bosanskom jeziku na Mostarskom savjetovanju o književnom jeziku (1973) i Sarajevskom savjetovanju (2019)
Authors: Hodžić Jasmin
Published: April 2020

V prispevku so analizirana vprašanja statusa bosanskega jezika sredi 20. stoletja in danes, predvsem glede na vzgojno‑izobraževalno prakso in širši koncept jezikovne politike, ki je neredko neposredno povezan z vprašanji maternega jezika v šoli. Prikazani so različni koncepti in možnosti ohranjanja posameznih posebnosti glede na načela enotnosti.
Kontinuanti poluglasnika u Paštrovskim ispravama 16–19. vijeka
Authors: Stojanović Jelica
Published: April 2020

Prispevek predstavlja kontinuante za stari polglasnik v Paštroviških listinah 16.–19. stoletja, ki so med najpomembnejšimi jezikoslovnimi problemi v teh dokumentih srbskega jezika in tudi v današnjem govoru kraja Paštrovići. To je hkrati tudi ena od najzanimivejših fonetičnih potez v zgodovini srbskega jezika, še posebej pri obravnavi obrobnih govorov, med katere spada tudi govor Paštrovićev. Za to raziskavo smo analizirali okoli 600 listin. Po korpusu Paštroviških listin se polglasnik od 16. do 19. stoletja ni izenačil z nobenim od samoglasnikov: izgovor variira med a in e.
Beyond Evil and Good in Online Gaming. An Analysis of Violence in ‘Overwatch’ Between Demonization and Proactive Values
Authors: Gandolfi Enrico , Antonacci Francesca
Published: April 2020

Many studies have addressed and explored the effects of video games with an emphasis on violence and aggressive behaviors. This article’s aim is to go beyond the simplistic difference between negative outcomes and their absence by suggesting the concept of “meaningful violence.” For exploring possible instances of such a phenomenon, a content analysis (Gee, 2012) of online materials (online comments, user-generated content) from leading gaming media environments (Reddit, YouTube) was directed targeting the popular video game Overwatch. The theoretical framework adopted drawn its cornerstones from Educational Sciences, Philosophy, and Media Studies, spanning key concepts such as “symbolic imaginary” (Durand, 1999, Wunenburger, 1995) and phenomenological-hermeneutic analysis (Gadamer, 2004). Results point to an alternative overview of gaming violence, which puts in-game aggressiveness and sacrifice in a new light beyond counter-posed viewpoints. Implications are noteworthy for both researchers and practitioners, who can harness positive and proactive processes behind apparently negative attitudes and superficial measurements of explicit content and disruptive actions.
Toxic Teammates or Obscene Opponents? Influences of Cooperation and Competition on Hostility between Teammates and Opponents in an Online Game
Authors: McLean Dave , Waddell Frank , Ivory James
Published: April 2020

Hostility among players is an ongoing problem for many types of online games, where the competitive, “high stakes” nature of ranked competitiveness may foster anti-social behavior among game players. Not all games are created equal, however, as more online games now afford players with the opportunity to either play as characters with cooperative goals or choose less competitive game environments. Does the mere presence of a competitive environment or a cooperative teammate affect hostile responses in violent online games? An online field experiment was conducted to answer these questions using a 2 (game mode competitiveness: casual vs. ranked) x 2 (cooperative behavior: present vs. absent) x 2 (player allegiance: teammate vs. opponent) between-subjects design. Results suggest that teammates are typically more hostile to each other than to opponents, particularly in the absence of cooperative behavior. Previous work has postulated that opponents would be more likely to exhibit negative behaviors, but the results of this study indicate that players experience more negative behaviors from teammates, especially when the team is not working together. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Artificial Beings Worthy of Moral Consideration in Virtual Environments: An Analysis of Ethical Viability
Authors: Gualeni Stefano
Published: April 2020

This article explores whether and under which circumstances it is ethically viable to include artificial beings worthy of moral consideration in virtual environments. In particular, the article focuses on virtual environments such as those in digital games and training simulations – interactive and persistent digital artifacts designed to fulfill specific purposes, such as entertainment, education, training, or persuasion.The article introduces the criteria for moral consideration that serve as a framework for this analysis. Adopting this framework, the article tackles the question of whether including artificial intelligences that are entitled to moral consideration in virtual environments constitutes an immoral action on the part of human creators. To address this problem, the article draws on three conceptual lenses from the philosophical branch of ethics: the problem of parenthood and procreation, the question concerning the moral status of animals, and the classical problem of evil.Using a thought experiment, the concluding section proposes a contractualist answer to the question posed in this article. The same section also emphasizes the potential need to reframe our understanding of the design of virtual environments and their future stakeholders.
The Griefer and the Stalker: Disruptive Actors in a Second Life Educational Community
Authors: DuQuette Jean-Paul Lafayette
Published: April 2020

Linden Lab’s Second Life (SL) is well-known for its hands-off approach to user conflict-resolution. Although users are given tools to mute and block individual accounts as well as ban undesirable avatars from user-owned land, that does not prevent determined, malicious users from disrupting communities and harassing individuals. This case study focuses on two such malicious users exemplary of two specific types of malevolent virtual world actors: in-world griefers and online stalkers. As part of a decade-long ethnographic research project within the Cypris Chat English language learning community in SL, this paper utilizes data gleaned from notes on participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and first-hand encounters. It categorizes the disparate strategies these individuals have used over the years in their attempts to disrupt group cohesion, sow distrust between students and teachers, humiliate individuals, and foment an atmosphere of fear and anxiety. It then reviews the methods community members used to defend themselves from such attacks and analyzes the efficacy of these strategies. This study builds on our understanding of harassment in virtual worlds and acts as a cautionary tale for future virtual world educators and community leaders considering the development of their own online classes and groups.
Darkness and brightness of the cybernaut's behavior in the Three-dimensional Immersive Digital Environments
Authors: Trejo Jorge Landaverde , Rueda Christian Jonathan Angel
Published: April 2020

This work is an exploratory study on the subject of the behavior of the cybernaut that oscillates between the darkness of the unknown and the brilliance of the discovered when experiencing immersion in three-dimensional digital environments. However, technoscientific advances not only offer advantages but also present risks for the end-users of the devices that are managed to access virtual worlds, virtual reality, and augmented reality. In the best scenario, all developers would be in the dynamic of offering entertainment programs to promote new ways of learning and living together. However, the intentions oscillate between the search for profit, the concealment of deviant intentions, or even the pleasure of dominating or harassing third parties. To avoid such abuses, studies are required that prevent such deviations and that propose pedagogical objectives to use such advances in favor of citizenship education in general and, in particular, to encourage new generations in their own integral development which It can be enhanced through simulation and fiction programs that trigger the creative imagination capable of bringing out the virtues emitted by the brilliance of wisdom and full life from darkness, by exercising in decision-making that involves others, especially the most vulnerable by their age or condition.
Virtual Trolling On Political Debate Of 2018 Brazilian Presidential Election: Which “wing” can be blamed?
Authors: Antunes Bruno Conrado Demartini , Cappellozza Alexandre
Published: April 2020

Social media is already one of the main sources of information for online users. In this context, the political debate has taken account of social media during the 2018 Brazil Presidential Election, where Brazilian virtual militants exchanged the debate to clash themselves. Offenses had the characteristics of trolling: a marginalized Internet culture that is increasingly appearing in the mainstream of social media This study aims to analyze how trolling actions could be perceived during the 2018 Brazilian elections, polarized between right and left-wings, by performing social network analysis using data from Twitter. Our results show that personal attacks intended to defame the participants and their ideologies before elections. Their influences on social media have shaped the patterns of attacks among militants on digital platforms, as well as endangering democratic values because of their ideals. The Brazilian presidential elections of 2018 demonstrate that trolling behavior produces a bellicose discourse on social media, where all sides influence and attack each other, which can lead to undemocratic discourses. Therefore, trolling behavior resulted in voters who were more concerned with debasing their opponents than paying attention to their presidential candidate proposals.
Destruction as Deviant Leisure in EVE Online
Authors: Bergstrom Kelly
Published: April 2020

In this article, I argue for the inclusion of ‘deviant leisure’—a concept borrowed from the neighboring field of Leisure Studies—to provide Game Studies with a more robust theoretical toolkit to examine negative player-to-player interactions within online gameworlds. As a means of adding additional vocabulary to describe norms violating behavior, this article uses the Massively Multiplayer Online Game EVE Online as a case study to demonstrate how deviant leisure can be an effective framework for unpacking some of the behaviors observed within gameworlds that don’t quite fit into other commonly used categories such as dark play, griefing, trolling, or toxicity. Of particular value for Game Studies, deviant leisure has within it an embedded critique of the social order. In this article, I argue that what is happening in EVE is a rejection of games being coopted by society into becoming an activity that must be productive, and instead via the lens of deviant leisure we can recast these events as a struggle for gameplay to return to leisure for leisure’s sake.
Virtuality and Offense in a Crime Scene of Technology
Authors: McClain Noah
Published: April 2020

Can projections of technology, constituting virtual worlds, make our actions criminal? This article examines the interpretation of human action jointly with and through its technological context in ways that frame human criminality. I draw from a case of the criminalization of devices used for a “hustle” of the urban poor in the New York City subway. The case demonstrates how people can unwittingly be made into avatars said to act with purpose and awareness in technological domains even when those domains are not actually available to them in any sensory - or even informational – capacity. I show how a technological domain treated as a crime-scene may be a projection, a virtual world conjured through arguments, diagrams and accounts made for legal audiences, only loosely coupled with “the real.” A significant consequence of these problems is that criminality can be engineered – or just imagined as engineered - around human acts, in which mere projections of technology are taken for granted as a found, natural context of action which in turn defines human criminality. Real humans stand to pay real costs for virtual projection f technology and their actions within them. With more and more of everyday life conducted through complex – often proprietary – technologies, distinguishing between the construction of avatars acting in virtual worlds versus people wittingly acting through “real” technological contexts will pose a significant social challenge
Editorial - The Dark Side of Virtual Worlds
Authors: Cox Angie Marie
Published: April 2020

The Journal of Virtual World Research’s “The Dark Side” issue dives into some fascinating ideas about how evil is represented in the virtual worlds of digital games. This issue includes five articles elaborating on the motivations for evil acts and their outcomes, hostile competitiveness, classification of deviant leisure, how immoral acts are determined, and our ability to thwart these cruel activities in the virtual environments and games.
Rising to the Challenge of Virtual in the Age of COVID-19: The Macro Framework of Three New Normals (3NN)
Authors: Sivan Yesha Y.
Published: April 2020

Following COVID-19, virtual technologies, theory and practice, are now core. Thus, our JVWR community is called upon to provide guidance, and we are required to collectively think and do. To jump-start this call for leadership, we present the 3NN framework (three new normals) to meet the mental challenge of the COVID-19 black swan and provide a strategic direction. Using the framework, and based on individual internal risk appetite and external market conditions, one should estimate the relative time each New Normal will take. Then, you or your organization must choose how to lead. For that, we provide a three-pronged tactic: defense, offense, difference.**(Yesha’s note: I dedicate this paper to the memory of Avishai Friedman, my beloved almost-twin cousin. We share a similar name following our grandfather, and an intellectual passion for thinking and doing. I am already missing his kind smile.)
В поисках бесконечномерной кэлеровой геометрии
Authors: Sergeev Armen Glebovich
Published: April 2020

Статья посвящена обзору полученных в последнее время результатов по кэлеровой геометрии бесконечномерных комплексных многообразий. Изучаются три конкретных класса таких многообразий, а именно: пространства петель компактных групп Ли, грассмановы многообразия Гильберта-Шмидта, универсальное пространство Тейхмюллера. Их исследование мотивировано как потребностями самой кэлеровой геометрии, так и связями с теорией струн, рассматриваемыми в заключительной части статьи.
Библиография: 43 названия.
Соленоидальные аттракторы диффеоморфизмов кольцевых множеств
Authors: Glyzin Sergey Dmitrievich , Kolesov Andrei Yurevich , Rozov Nikolai Khristovich
Published: April 2020

Рассматривается произвольный диффеоморфизм $\Pi$, преобразующий в себя некоторое кольцевое множество $K=B\times \mathbb{T}$, где $B$ - шар банахова пространства, $\mathbb{T}$ - тор (конечномерный или бесконечномерный). Предлагается набор конструктивных достаточных условий, при которых глобальный аттрактор $A=\bigcap\limits_{n\geqslant 0}\Pi^n(K)$ диффеоморфизма $\Pi$ существует и допускает представление в виде обобщенного соленоида, т. е. предела обратного спектра $\mathbb{T}\xleftarrow{G}\mathbb{T}\xleftarrow{G}\cdots \xleftarrow{G}\mathbb{T}\xleftarrow{G}\cdots$, где $G$ - некоторый линейный растягивающий эндоморфизм тора $\mathbb{T}$. При этом сужение $\Pi|_{A}$ топологически сопряжено со сдвиговым отображением соленоида.
Библиография: 25 названий.
Равномерные аттракторы для волнового уравнения
с нелинейностью пятой степени и мерой в качестве внешней силы
Authors: Savostianov Anton , Zelik Sergey Vital'evich
Published: April 2020

В работе исследованы диссипативные волновые уравнения с нелинейностью пятой степени и нерегулярными неавтономными внешними силами, которые являются мерами по времени. В случае трeхмерной области и периодических граничных условий получены оценки норм Штрихарца решений через соответствующие энергетические нормы, доказано существование равномерных аттракторов в сильной или слабой топологии энергетического пространства, а также изучены вопросы, связанные с дополнительной гладкостью построенных аттракторов и возможностью их представления в виде объединения всех ограниченных полных траекторий рассматриваемого уравнения.
Библиография: 45 названий.
О классификационном алгоритме интегрируемых двумеризованных цепочек на основе алгебр Ли-Райнхарта
Authors: Habibullin Ismagil Talgatovich , Kuznetsova Maria Nikolaevna
Published: April 2020

Исследуется задача интегрируемой классификации нелинейных цепочек, зависящих от одной дискретной и двух непрерывных переменных. Под интегрируемостью понимается существование редукций цепочки к системе гиперболических уравнений произвольно высокого порядка, интегрируемых в смысле Дарбу. Интегрируемость по Дарбу имеет замечательную алгебраическую интерпретацию: алгебры Ли-Райнхарта по обоим характеристическим направлениям, соответствующие конечной системе гиперболических уравнений, полученной в результате редукции, должны иметь конечную размерность. Обсуждается классификационный алгоритм, основанный на свойствах характеристической алгебры. Приводятся некоторые классификационные результаты. Найдены новые примеры интегрируемых уравнений.
Топологические преобразования трехмерных диссипативных солитонов в рамках обобщенного уравнения Гинзбурга-Ландау
Authors: Rosanov Nikolai Nikolaevich , Fedorov Sergei Vasil'evich , Veretenov Nikolai Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2020

Представлена классификация и анализ преобразований трехмерных диссипативных тэнгл-солитонов, т. е. солитонов с замкнутыми и незамкнутыми вихревыми линиями, при плавных изменениях параметров системы. Примером системы служит лазерная среда с быстрым насыщающимся поглощением. Выявлены сценарии преобразований, как обратимых, так и необратимых, и обсуждается роль диссипативности (открытости системы) в специфике этих явлений.
Асимптотический анализ модели мультиферроика
Authors: Kalyakin Leonid Anatol'evich , Zvezdin Anatolii Konstantinovich , Gareeva Zukhra Vladimirovna
Published: April 2020

Рассматривается система нелинейных автономных дифференциальных уравнений, которые описывают ориентацию вектора антиферромагнетизма в пленке феррита. Выявляются условия существования пространственно-модулированных структур типа циклоид. Исследуется устойчивость таких структур относительно пространственных возмущений.
Адиабатический предел в уравнениях Гинзбурга-Ландау и Зайберга-Виттена
Authors: Sergeev Armen Glebovich
Published: April 2020

Представлена концепция адиабатического предела в динамических уравнениях Гинзбурга-Ландау на пространстве $\mathbb R^{1+2}$ и уравнениях Зайберга-Виттена на четырехмерных симплектических многообразиях. Показано, что уравнения Зайберга-Виттена можно рассматривать как комплексную версию уравнений Гинзбурга-Ландау.
Асимптотика быстро осциллирующих решений в модифицированном уравнении Камассы-Холма
Authors: Kaschenko Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2020

Рассматривается модернизированное уравнение Камассы-Холма с периодическими краевыми условиями. Квадратичные нелинейности в этом уравнении существенно отличаются от нелинейностей в классическом уравнении Камассы-Холма, но обладают всеми его в некотором смысле основными свойствами. Исследуются так называемые нерегулярные решения, т. е. такие, которые являются быстро осциллирующими по пространственной переменной. Исследуется вопрос о построении асимптотики периодических по времени решений и более сложных решений, главные части асимптотических разложений которых являются многочастотными. Изучаются задача о возможности компактной записи этих асимптотических разложений и вопрос о сведении задачи о построении главных членов асимптотик к анализу решений специальных нелинейных краевых задач. Показано, что это возможно лишь для классического уравнения Камассы-Холма.
О возможности реализации сценария Ландау-Хопфа в задаче о колебаниях трубы под воздействием потока жидкости
Authors: Kulikov Anatolii Nikolaevich , Kulikov Dmitrii Anatol'evich
Published: April 2020

Рассматривается краевая задача для квазилинейного дифференциального уравнения с частными производными, которое описывает колебания трубы под воздействием потока жидкости. Показано, что в рассматриваемой эволюционной краевой задаче реализуется известный сценарий перехода к турбулентности Ландау-Хопфа при соответствующем выборе управляющего параметра. Изучение задачи основано на использовании теории бесконечномерных динамических систем. В частности, использован метод интегральных многообразий, нормальных форм, а также асимптотические методы анализа.
Нелинейное усиление океанских волн в проливах
Authors: Pushkarev Andrei Nikolaevich , Zakharov Vladimir Evgen'evich
Published: April 2020

Мы изучаем глубоководные океанские ветровые волны в проливе, с ветром, направленным ортогонально к берегу, через точное уравнение Хассельмана. Несмотря на "диссипативные" берега - мы не включаем никакого отражения от береговых линий. Mы показываем, что эволюция волновой турбулентности может быть разделена во времени на два различных режима. Во время первого режима, волны распространяются вдоль ветра, и ветровое море может быть описано автомодельными решениями уравнения Хассельмана. Второй режим начинается позднее по времени, после достаточно значительного накопления волновой энергии на подветренной границе. С этого момента ансамбль волн, распространяющихся против ветра, начинается свое формирование. Также начинают появляться волны, распространяющиеся вдоль пролива. Эта волновая система в конечном итоге достигает асимптотического стационарного состояния во времени, состоящего из двух сосуществующих состояний: первого, автомодельного волнового ансамбля, распространяющийся вместе с ветром, а второго - квазимонохроматических волн, распространяющихся почти ортогонально к направлению ветра, и имеющих тенденцию к наклону против ветра под углом 15 градусов ближе к берегу возникновения волновой турбулентности. Эти "вторичные волны" возникают только за счет интенсивного нелинейного волнового взаимодействия. Полная энергия волны превышает его "ожидаемое значение" примерно в два раза больше, чем оценивалось при отсутствии берегов. Ожидается что при наличии отражающих берегов это усиление существенно возрастет. Мы предлагаем называть этот "вторичный" лазеро-подобный нелинейный механизм усиления океанских волн аббревиатурой NOWA.
Об устойчивости колмогоровского спектра поверхностных волн на воде
Authors: Geogdzhaev Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: April 2020

Колмогоровский спектр для волн на воде является результатом каскадирования энергии посредством четырехволновых взаимодействий. Для этого спектра в изотропном случае введены базисные малые возмущения и рассчитан декремент их затухания в зависимости от частоты. Подтверждена устойчивость колмогоровского спектра. Результаты расчета применены к анализу устойчивости численных методов решения кинетического уравнения. Показано, что использование приближения дискретных взаимодействий в некоторых случаях сильно занижает затухание.
Релейная модель Мэки-Гласса с двумя запаздываниями
Authors: Preobrazhenskaya Margarita Mikhailovna
Published: April 2020

Изучается динамика обобщенного уравнения Мэки-Гласса с двумя запаздываниями. Данное уравнение исследуется с помощью метода большого параметра. После специальной экспоненциальной замены переменных осуществляется переход к сингулярно возмущенному уравнению, для которого удается определить содержательный предельный объект - релейное дифференциально-разностное уравнение с двумя запаздываниями. Доказано, что у релейного уравнения существует простое периодическое решение с одним промежутком положительности решения на периоде. Для иллюстрации полученного результата выполнен численный анализ исходного сингулярно возмущенного уравнения, у которого найдено решение, близкое к периодическому решению предельного релейного уравнения.
Коллапсы пограничного слоя в рамках двумерного уравнения Джозефа
Authors: Oloo Joseph O , Shrira Viktor Isaevich
Published: April 2020

В рамках существенно двумерного обобщения уравнения Джозефа исследуется нелинейная динамика локализованных возмущений типичного сдвигового течения пограничного слоя в жидкости между двумя параллельными плоскостями, расстояние между которыми характеризуется безразмерным параметром $D$. В пределе больших и малых $D$ это уравнение переходит соответственно в двумерные уравнения Бенджамина-Оно и Захарова-Кузнецова. Показано, что если гамильтониан отрицателен, то любые локализованные начальные возмущения коллапсируют, т. е. взрывным образом растут, за конечное время образуя точечную сингулярность. Это происходит, когда амплитуда начального возмущения превышает определенный порог, зависящий от вида начального возмущения. Для аксиально-симметричных гауссовых и лоренцевых начальных возмущений с амплитудой $a$ и шириной $\sigma$ при различных значениях $D$ в явном виде получены нелинейные нейтральные кривые на плоскости $(a,\sigma)$, разделяющие области коллапса и затухания возмущения. Пороговое значение амплитуды $a$ растет с уменьшением $D$ и $\sigma$ и стремится к бесконечности при $D\to 0$. Двумерное уравнение Джозефа допускает стационарные аксиально-симметричные солитонные решения, для которых гамильтониан всегда отрицателен, они коллапсируют для всех $D$, кроме $D=0$. Однако для малых $D$ не доказана справедливость самого́ уравнения. С помощью прямого численного моделирования с гауссовыми и лоренцевыми начальными условиями показано, что начальные возмущения с амплитудой, превышающей найденный порог, коллапсируют самоподобным образом, а возмущения с амплитудами ниже порога затухают.
Диффузионный хаос и его инвариантные числовые характеристики
Authors: Glyzin Sergey Dmitrievich , Kolesov Andrei Yurevich , Rozov Nikolai Khristovich
Published: April 2020

Для распределенных эволюционных динамических систем типа реакция-диффузия и реакция-диффузия-адвекция проведен анализ поведения инвариантных числовых характеристик аттрактора при уменьшении коэффициентов диффузии. Рассмотрен феномен многомодового диффузионного хаоса, одним из признаков которого является увеличение ляпуновской размерности аттрактора. Для ряда примеров выполнен обширный численный эксперимент, в котором проиллюстрирован этот эффект.
Параметрический эффект в сверхизлучающем лазере с самосинхронизацией мод
Authors: Kocharovskii Vladimir Vladilenovich , Mishin Aleksei Viktorovich , Seleznev Alexey Fedorovich , Kocharovskaya Ekaterina Rudolfovna , Kocharovsky Vitaly Vladilenovich
Published: April 2020

На основе численного моделирования работы непрерывного нестационарного сверхизлучающего лазера с комбинированным низкодобротным резонатором Фабри-Перо с распределенной обратной связью волн дано описание параметрического механизма самосинхронизации мод, обусловленного биениями двух сверхизлучающих мод с периодом, вдвое меньшим периода обхода резонатора, и обеспечивающего формирование внутрирезонаторного солитона электромагнитного поля без использования какой-либо дополнительной техники синхронизации мод.
Developing a Mathematical Modelling Code for Keeping the Power of Multi Turbocharged Engines at Flight Altitudes
Authors: Roueini Ali , Mirzabozorg Mohsen , Kheradmand Saeid
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a code is developed in C++ programming language aiming to select and introduce a well-chosen propulsion system for appropriate operation in an aircraft. By using a suitable turbocharged engine, the inlet pressure of the engine manifold will increase to a level equal to the pressure at sea level. Therefore, the aircraft engine will not notice the drop of pressure caused by the increase in altitude. Consequently, the engine power will not be reduced. On the other hand, at high altitude, using only one turbocharger is not adequate to supply engine inlet pressure and flow rate equivalent to sea level conditions, requiring the use of more turbochargers. The code developed in this study will be able to introduce the appropriate turbocharged engine based on the flight altitude and the required power engine of an air vehicle. The altitude defined in this code ranges from 5 to 30 kilometers, which leads to a selection of one to three turbochargers plus a number of intercoolers, according to user input parameters. The objective function of this optimization problem is defined as a function of turbochargers efficiency. However, this objective function can be modified according to the user requests and requirements.
Vortex Dynamics Analysis of Straight-Body-Type-Fuselage Fighter Using CFD Simulation
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Deendarlianto Deendarlianto , Agung Rohmat Tri , Bekti Wibowo Setyawan , Iswahyudi Sigit
Published: April 2020

The choice for using a fighter fuselage in a fighter jet design affects a vortex generation advantageous in maneuverability. To study the effect of straight-body-type-fuselage (SBTF) on the vortex dynamic, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used, in order to simulate a model of SBTF fighter. The simulation uses Q-criterion to probe vortices, and a logarithmic grid to emphasize the micro-gridding effect of the turbulent boundary layer. The results show detailed quantitative velocity, pressure, trajectory of the vortex core, and wing negative surface pressure distribution (SPD), providing clear pictures of opportunity for performance improvement, better lift, agility, and maneuverability of a fighter if a model requires a new design.
An Open-source Solver to Model the Catalytic Decomposition of Monopropellants for Space Thrusters
Authors: Robledo Asencio Jenny , Ivanovitch Savonov Roman , Intini Marques Rodrigo
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a solver for the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) modeling of catalytic chambers in monopropellant thrusters based on the open-source OpenFOAM® (Open Field Operation and Manipulation) framework. A model was formulated and used to simulate the physical and thermochemical processes taking place inside the catalytic chambers of the monopropellant thrusters. The code integrates reacting gas flow in porous media, with mass and heat transport. The most important implemented functionalities were the separation of two reactive gases, one transient reactive gas flowing between the catalyst bed interstices (interstitial gas), and another static reactive gas on the surface of catalyst particles, or pellets (surface gas). Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions occur on the interstitial gas and the catalyst particle, respectively. A flexible definition of porous properties, a calculation of multicomponent diffusion-flux mass, a diffusion mass coeffcient, a mass transfer coeffcient, and a heat transfer coeffcient were implemented as well. Experimental and analytical studies about hydrazine monopropellant thrusters in the literature were used to the case tests and verification of the solver. Temperature and mass fraction fields were simulated and compared. The results of the temperature profile are in agreement with experimental and theoretical studies found in the literature, and mass fraction presents some differences.
Evaluation of Yield Performance of Soybean Mutant FM6-847 in North Carolina
Authors: Yuan Jiazheng , Bellaloui Nacer , Lakhssasi Naoufal , AbuBakr Samer M. , Kassem Safiah , Kassem Zakariah , Kassem Sakinah , Barnes Courtney , McLelland Aeisha , Barbara Brown , Adams Wendy , El-Mellouki Tarik , Meksem Khalid , Kassem Abdelmajid
Published: April 2020

Soybean is a well-known crop for its protein, oil, fatty acids, minerals, isoflavones, and other bioactive compounds. The high yielding mutant FM6-847 was developed through ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. FM6-847 was derived from soybean cultivar Forrest and the yield performance of FM6-847 was not evaluated in North Carolina. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield performance of the mutant FM6-847 compared to three USDA reference lines LD00-2817, LD06-7620, and LD07-3395 in a field trial in Fayetteville, NC over a period of two years (2016–2017). We compared plant height (PH), pod numbers (Pod#), seed number (Seed#), 100-seed weight (100-SW), and total seed weight (TSW) of the mutant and USDA reference lines. In addition, we investigated the presence of Rhizobia, nitrogen fixing bacteria that help in increasing the yield of legumes through enriching nutrients by nitrogen fixation. The results showed that the mean TSW of mutant line was significantly higher (P<0.05) than all of the USDA reference lines in 2017 trial. The yield parameters of PH, pod#, seed#, and 100-SW were also significantly different between the soybean mutant line with more than one USDA reference lines. The contribution of yield parameters to the TSW was also analyzed and these parameters were significantly contributing to the TSW based on linear fixed model. The first two principal components explained more than 70% phenotypic variation among variables in the dataset based on the results of principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, a total of 13 bacterial strains including nitrogen fixation bacteria Rhizobium giardinii were identified in the soil of the field trial.
A New Exploration of Roderick Usher’s Death Based on the Ecological Niche Theory
Authors: Wang Rongfei
Published: April 2020

Roderick Usher is the protagonist of Edgar Allan Poe’s masterpiece The Fall of The House of Usher. Concerning his death, the scholars and critics at home and abroad have discussed a lot but there is no fixed conclusion. Based on the ecological niche theory, this thesis explored Roderick Usher’s death and concluded that his death was a natural outcome as his natural as well as his social niche positions were on the decline because of his failure to have effective communication with the environment he was living in and with the people around him. Furthermore, his niche trend to do nothing to the ever-decaying living environment but to do harm to his twin sister further accelerated the demise of his niche position. It is hoped that this thesis can shed some new light on the exploration of Roderick Usher’s death and work as a kind of tentatively interdisciplinary research between ecology and literature.
A Rare Presentation of Fulminant Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection in Post Partum Period: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Kumari Anju , Kundan Meghraj
Published: April 2020

: Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe infection involving skin, subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia, which has lethal outcome. Risk factors associated with this condition include diabetes mellitus, anemia, and immunosuppressive states such as AIDS, or prolonged steroid use. Surgery is an independent risk factor. Serial surgical debridement with appropriate broad spectrum antibiotics is the mainstay of treatment. We are reporting two cases. First is necrotizing soft tissue infection of the anterior abdominal wall in post cesarean patient, which was very fulminant and fatal. The second is Fournier’s gangrene in a patient with episiotomy during normal vaginal delivery. Postpartum necrotizing soft tissue infection is very challenging and fatal. Nowadays these are very rare cases due to antibiotics.
Prevalence of Academic Procrastination Among Medical Students and Its Relationship with Their Academic Achievement
Authors: Hayat Ali Asghar , Jahanian Moein , Bazrafcan Leila , Shokrpour Nasrin
Published: April 2020

Background: Procrastination is prevalent among university students and it affects different aspects of their personal and academic life. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of academic procrastination among medical students and its relationship with their academic achievement. Methods: This is a cross-sectional correlational study of 317 medical students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. To collect the data, we used Solomon and Rothblum academic procrastination questionnaire (1984). The questionnaire’s validity and reliability were confirmed by experts. We used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, Independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance) to analyze the data by SPSS version 14. Results: The results showed that 29.25% of the students had academic procrastination (nearly always or always). Moreover, 47.9% of the students stated that academic procrastination at a moderate level had caused a lot of problems for them. There was a significant negative relationship between academic procrastination and academic achievement in medical students (P < 0.01). Male students and those living in the dormitory had higher levels of procrastination than females and those living at home (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed that a considerable number of students had high levels of procrastination, leading to permanent problems and reduced academic achievement.
Conscious Organs
Authors: Read Jason ,   DePaul University
Published: April 2020

In Volume Three of Capital in a striking but somewhat uncharacteristic formula, Marx argues that the labor relation is the “hidden basis” of the entire social edifice including the state and politics. As an attempt to clarify and develop this insight I examine the dual nature of labor as abstract and concrete labor, arguing that the two sides of labor correspond not just to two sides of the commodity, but to different ethics and alienations of labor, and ultimately to different philosophical anthropologies.
Appeal as an Element of the Juridical Culture of Žemaitija (Samogitia)
Authors: Vilimas Darius
Published: April 2020

The article investigates the appeal as an element of the juridical culture in the books of the series of land court cases in Samogitia (Žemaitija) at the beginning of the seventeenth century. After the court reform of 1564–1566 across the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania when land, castle and pakamaris (pol.- podkomorzy) courts were established, the need for an effective appeal institution arose, because the court of the Grand Duke could not cope with the vast amount of cases referred to it. Following the example of Poland, the Supreme Court of Lithuania was established in 1581 and started functioning in 1582. During the period under investigation, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania already had a chief judicial appellate institution – the Supreme Tribunal of Lithuania – that had to consider the appeals brought by all three courts and very often the losing party used the appeal as the last resort. The article gives a dozen of examples of when such a right of appeal was not granted. These precedents were not that numerous in the vast mass of appeals allowed by the land court, but they show that basically the norms of the provisions of the Supreme Tribunal of Lithuania (first printed in 1586) were conformed to.
Households of the Nobles and Peasants in Užventis Parish, 1836–1861
Authors: Giedrimas Laurynas
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the households of the nobles and peasants in the first half of the nineteenth century in Užventis parish, Samogitia. In the middle of the twentieth century, John Hajnal and Peter Laslett started researching the history of resident households. The researchers formulated theoretical and methodological foundations for household analysis and encouraged other historians and demographers to undertake similar studies. The researchers who analysed the households of Central and Eastern Europe either refuted or corrected many of the statements proposed by John Hajnal and Peter Laslett and established that the most common household in Central and Eastern Europe was a nuclear household, although in many cases it was also possible to find an extended household. However, it was not clarified at what age people started building new households and which household model dominated in Samogitia. Also, it was not known what the difference between a household of nobles and a household of peasants was. The data on the households of the nobles and peasants also interconnected. The households of landlords were bigger than the households of peasants and the petty nobility, because the menage of a landlord used to be part of the household. After analysing the aforementioned data, it has been discovered that in the first half of the nineteenth century, nuclear household dominated Užventis parish. Extended household models were often found as well. The Catholic inhabitants of Užventis parish married late and had a child every two years. Around 3500 Catholic residents lived in Užventis parish in the first half of the nineteenth century. The analysis of the data showed that nuclear household dominated the Užventis parish in the first half of the nineteenth century.
Historical Reenactment Clubs in Lithuania
Authors: Dusevičiūtė-Neimontienė Gintarė
Published: April 2020

In Lithuania, the phenomenon of historical reenactment emerged at the end of the twentieth century, around 1990, and coincided with the restoration of Lithuania’s independence. So far, it is unknown how many clubs we have in the historical reenactment field, what kind of clubs they are, and how these clubs interact. Do these activities involve several clubs or are they a part of the global historical reenactment movement? The complex methodology used to answer these questions included observation, participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, media analysis, analysis of Facebook profiles and websites of the clubs, and data processing tool Onodo. The data received covers the period of 2015–2019. Since the beginning of the historical reenactment movement, the number of clubs engaged in historical reconstruction has expanded. Currently, there are 41 clubs, and 13 other organizations act in the field of historical reenactment. The results of the study show that two waves can be seen in the formation of historical reenactment clubs: the first one up to 2002 and the second since 2003. According to the study, historical reenactment clubs operating in Lithuania were divided into four groups: the Baltic period, the Middle Ages, the Napoleonic era, and the Twentieth century. Typologically, historical reenactment clubs can also be classified into activity-specific groups: military, military-craft, craft, entertainment, and other organizations. Taking into account the established social communication network of the clubs (and organizations), it can be concluded that in Lithuania, historical reenactment is a movement that is most noticeable among the reconstruction clubs of the Baltic and Medieval periods.
Determining the Population of Language Editors in Lithuania
Authors: Gaižauskaitė Inga
Published: April 2020

The article presents methodological solutions related to the planning and implementation of a survey of language editors in Lithuania. The study intended to conduct a representative quantitative survey of language editors working with texts of public usage of the standard Lithuanian language. However, the population of language editors in Lithuania is not defined, and there are no sources that would systematically provide the information needed to determine this population; also, there are no studies that have attempted to identify such a population. The article reveals the attempts to define the size of the population of language editors in Lithuania, the difficulties encountered during the search for language editors, and the assumptions about the characteristics of the language editors in Lithuania that can be derived from the survey data (specifically, from the descriptive analysis of the responses to the questions about the characteristics of language editors and their work).