bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-Service Teacher Experiences during COVID 19: Exploring the Uncertainties between Clinical Practice and Distance Learning
Authors: Hill Jerell B.
Published: January 2021

Teacher preparation programs assist candidates with the pedagogical, theoretical, and practical application of teaching and learning. This article explored the dialog between a state education agency and teacher preparation programs’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The author presents a research study of current teacher performance expectations (TPEs), online readiness, and the design of distance learning in pre-service teacher clinical practice. The participants are 10 current pre-service teachers. The researcher collected data from fieldwork supervisors, observations, and survey results from participants. Kolb’s experiential theory was used in the analysis of co-requisite policy and observations of field experiences of students in a teacher education program. The article analyzed data that suggested that in-person observations and opportunities to practice classroom instruction contribute to teacher readiness and relationship building in comparison to online learning.  Furthermore, states will have to re-assess their teacher certification requirements, quality control efforts, and mandatory exams since COVID-19, which may lead to the reauthorization of the pre-service guidelines. Program learning outcomes and critical assignments that allow candidates to demonstrate content knowledge and instructional delivery are being compromised. The finding were that pre-service candidates did not have the opportunity to demonstrate mastery of specific teacher performance expectations within the distance learning format. This article aims to encourage further research teacher education and distance learning to discuss potential alternatives to certification and creative ways to embed flexibility into teacher preparation. Substantial changes can lower the quality of a program and significantly decrease effectiveness while increasing data misrepresentation. Distance learning can potentially limit quality supervision and teacher mentoring. In addition, pre-service teachers will enter classrooms with substantially fewer clinical practice hours.
Основные концепции фискальной политики России: опыт для Китая. Часть 1
Authors: Вэньхун Сюй
Published: January 2021

Фискальная политика – важный инструмент регулирования финансовых ресурсов для достижения стратегических целей и задач развития страны. Она также является важным средством мобилизации поддержки широких общественных кругов. В России склонны рассматривать президента и правительство по отдельности, но на самом деле В.Путин всегда нёс основной груз ответственности во время своего пребывания на посту и премьер-министра, и президента. Ставя своей целью извлечение полезного опыта экономического развития Китая, автор в данной и последующей статьях рассматривает основной контекст и концепции экономической политики, принятые семью главами правительств и их командами в течение 20 лет руководства В.Путина (первая статья); а также собственно фискальную политику России в указанный период (вторая статья).
Expression Pattern of Ethylene-Related Genes in Response to Preharvest Chemical Treatments during Development and Ripening of Mangosteen Fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.)
Authors: LERSLERWONG Ladawan , THIPPAN Saithip , RUGKONG Adirek , IMSABAI Wachiraya
Published: January 2021

The expression of ethylene associated genes based on development stage from fruit set until harvest in mangosteen has not been studied yet in some previous studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, Gm-ACS, and Gm-ACO, and perception, Gm-ETR, from the stages of fruit set (Period I), fruit development (Period II), and maturation until ripening or harvesting (Period III). The results showed that ethylene biosynthetic genes on the Gm-ACO gene were correlated with ethylene production's climacteric pattern. Gm-ACO was up-regulated at the beginning of the fruit set and then decreased. Fruit at age 2 - 10 weeks after anthesis showed a decrease in the Gm-ACO gene's mRNA levels. Then, Gm-ACO expression re-appeared and increased at the fruitage 11 - 12 after the fruit set. At the harvest-stage, the fruit showed down-regulation at the lowest level of the Gm-ACO expression. Ethephon treatment at or beyond 24 h (threshold time) increased the mRNA levels of Gm-ACS, Gm-ACO, and Gm-ETR. In contrast, the 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment under the threshold time resulted in undetectable expression in all ethylene-related genes. These data would be beneficial to elucidate the molecular mechanisms in the mangosteen fruit ripening process. In addition, preharvest application of ethephon or 1-MCP can induce or inhibit the gene expression of ethylene biosynthesis and perception.
Investigación educativa socialmente relevante
Authors: Pérez Ríos Edgar , Cárdenas Vera Erica Yuliana
Published: January 2021

Las metodologías de investigación en contextos comunitarios son cada vez más participativas, lo cual se debe, entre otras cosas, a las críticas hacia el escaso compromiso social de las investigaciones académicas tradicionales y al surgimiento de intelectuales indígenas que las realizan en sus comunidades desde perspectivas de activismo etnopolítico y decoloniales, promovidas por intelectuales indígenas y no indígenas. En ese tenor, este artículo pretende dar cuenta de un proceso de investigación educativa etnográfica en una comunidad zapoteca de la Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, mediante un enfoque participativo, con fundamento en dos grandes principios: 1) la construcción de conocimientos en, con y desde la comunidad; y 2) la compartencia de éstos, lo cual implica un compromiso comunitario.
Racismo e infância: intersecções de raça, classe social, gênero e idade na creche
Authors: Cavalcante Nélia Aparecida da Silva
Published: January 2021

Chega a segunda edição o livro que é resultado da pesquisa de doutorado de Flávio Santiago, tendo como tema a análise de como as interseções entre raça, gênero, classe social e idade perpassam a infância das crianças negras e não negras pequenininhas na creche. Nesta resenha são apresentados de forma comentada os capítulos do livro, enfocando os conceitos pesquisados, finalizando com a sugestão de novos aportes para pesquisas futuras.
Por uma escola inclusiva ou da necessária subversão do discurso (psico)pedagógico hegemónico
Authors: De Lajonquière Leandro
Published: January 2021

Com vistas a indagar o funcionamento e o estado da implantação da “escola inclusiva”, o texto apresenta e desenvolve a noção da ilusão (psico)pedagógica. Esta é considerada peça-chave do ideário pedagógico naturalizante. Assim, afirma-se que o naturalismo pedagógico de antanho que estabelecia uma diferença essencial entre “normais” e “anormais” – suficiente para que estes ficassem impedidos de ir às escolas comuns –, hoje em dia, dá paradoxalmente lugar à ideia de “necessidades educativas especiais”, proposta pela Declaração de Salamanca (1994). Essa noção dá margem, por sua vez, à prática de “laudar” crianças. Tal gesto, particularmente generalizado no Brasil, acaba empobrecendo a experiência escolar das crianças, condenando-as à condição de “excluídas do interior”. Propõe-se, então, no contexto dos estudos psicanalíticos em educação, a subversão epistemológica do ideário naturalizante, responsável pelos entraves impostos ao acontecimento de uma educação que se preze.
A influência do “modelo centrado na doença” no uso de medicamentos para problemas de aprendizagem na escola
Authors: Stolf Brzozowski Fabiola
Published: January 2021

Nosso objetivo é refletir de que modos o “modelo centrado na doença” para o efeito dos medicamentos em psiquiatria, elaborado por Joanna Moncrieff, pode influenciar o seu uso, em especial o metilfenidato (Ritalina®) para o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH), a partir de problemas de comportamento ou aprendizagem na escola. Muitos diagnósticos em saúde mental na infância são identificados na instituição escolar como, por exemplo, o TDAH. Esse diagnóstico costuma ser explicado como sendo resultado de um desequilíbrio cerebral, e o metilfenidato seria um tratamento específico para corrigir esse desequilíbrio, caracterizando o “modelo centrado na doença” para a ação dos fármacos no organismo. Argumentamos que esse modelo amplia o processo de medicalização da infância e da aprendizagem escolar, tornando banal a utilização de medicamentos para “corrigir” comportamentos e melhorar o desempenho acadêmico.
Escritos médico-psicopedagógicos sobre a criança: os projetos de caderneta individual no século XX
Authors: Boussion Samuel
Published: January 2021

Este artigo discorre sobre os projetos de cadernetas médico-pedagógicas individuais para as crianças e sobre a sua evolução. Ao longo do século XX, podem-se identificar múltiplas tentativas de instituir-se uma caderneta que, seguindo o modelo da caderneta de saúde, também levaria em conta os dados psicológicos e pedagógicos. Elas se situam inicialmente numa perspectiva de higiene escolar, mas se espraiam também para o campo da profilaxia, com o objetivo de identificar as crianças “anormais”, e, um pouco mais tarde, para o campo da orientação profissional. A Segunda Guerra Mundial produz também uma abordagem diferente, em termos de racionalização dos escritos médicos e psicológicos sobre a criança, buscando considerar os eventos sociais e o que eles possam ter gerado na criança, sem, no entanto, distanciar-se das antigas categorias ligadas ao biológico. Muito provavelmente as novidades encontram-se antes no fato de que se pretende confiar às crianças a caderneta médico-pedagógica, mas esses parênteses serão logo cerrados e finalmente se apagam ante as críticas do que se considera como uma forma de controle social.
Introduction
Authors: Williams Rebecca
Published: January 2021

This chapter argues for a move away from the notion of theme-park visitors as naïve, controlled and duped into excessive consumption, and for approaches that take seriously the range of ways that theme park fans form active, reflective and pleasurable attachments to theme parks and their rides, attractions, and experiences. It argues that a Fan Studiescentric approach allows better understanding of how and why people become fans of theme parks and their attractions, and develop emotional and affective connections to these, whilst being acutely aware of the consumerist nature of the themed environment. Offering an overview of the chapters that follow, the chapter also provides a summary of the book’s central arguments.
Replacing and Remembering Rides : Ontological Security, Authenticity and Online Memorialization
Authors: Williams Rebecca
Published: January 2021

Drawing on Anthony Giddens’ idea of ontological security, this chapter considers fan reactions when favourite rides are closed or replaced. First it explores fan responses to the closure of the Maelstrom ride at Walt Disney World’s EPCOT Park which was replaced by attractions based on the animated film Frozen and how opposition was linked to the importance of ‘classic attractions’ to the park’s history and Disney’s brand, and a desire to remain ‘true to’ EPCOT’s original emphasis upon education. Second, the chapter looks at how Disney’s abandoned River Country Water Park in Florida has offered some of the most detailed instances of fan archiving, curation and discussion online, considering what remembering, representing and discussing the park online offers fans within participatory theme park culture.
Politics and Literature in Mongolia (1921-1948)
Authors: Wickhamsmith Simon , Billé Franck , Humphrey Caroline
Published: January 2021

Politics and Literature in Mongolia (1921-1948) investigates the relationship between literature and politics during Mongolia’s early revolutionary period. Between the 1921 socialist revolution and the first Writers’ Congress held in April 1948, the literary community constituted a key resource in the formation and implementation of policy. At the same time, debates within the party, discontent among the population, and questions of religion and tradition led to personal and ideological conflict among the intelligentsia and, in many cases, to trials and executions. Using primary texts, many of them translated into English for the first time, Simon Wickhamsmith shows the role played by the literary arts — poetry, fiction and drama — in the complex development of the ‘new society’, helping to bring Mongolia’s nomadic herding population into the utopia of equality, industrial progress and social well-being promised by the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party.
Critical Contexts: Television Studies, Fandom Studies, and the Vid
Authors: Stevens E. Charlotte
Published: January 2021

What can television scholars and historians learn from vids and vidding?
This chapter considers the vid form and vidding practice in existing
scholarship. The bulk of academic engagement with vids and vidding is
in the loosely defined field of fan studies rather than in television studies.
However, vids are possible because of the changing form and shape of
television, from home videocassette recording through to digital video.
Audience control over watching television, theorized as ways of controlling
that flow, also provides the technological tools for making vids. The vid
form is textual proof of fans using the tools at their disposal to intervene,
respond, and create in a context wherein they have no official role.
Approach: How to Study a Vid
Authors: Stevens E. Charlotte
Published: January 2021

A vid offers more than just access to the specific interpretive work of
the person who created it. The vid is a robust and complete form that
is capable of withstanding analysis independent of detailed knowledge
of either the source material or the vidder’s own interpretive motives/
beliefs. This chapter discusses the approach to textual analysis taken in
Fanvids and reveals what can be learned from studying vids as texts unto
themselves. This chapter also explores canon formation in television/
media studies and how this can apply to studying a marginal form. This
chapter finishes with a discussion of the canons of vids that are formed
through fan convention programming.
Textures of Fascination: Archives, Vids, and Vernacular Historiography
Authors: Stevens E. Charlotte
Published: January 2021

What does the analysis of vids reveal about histories, memories, and practices
of watching television? This chapter compares contrasting theoretical
understandings of collections and archives to contextualize the archival
work done by vidders and watched by vids’ audiences. Videotape-era vids
(then called ‘songtapes’) bear traces of their archival origins as selective
use of clips, and the wear evident on the copies strongly indicate a viewer’s
favourite moments, telling a story of practices of re-viewing, interpretation,
and memorialization of texts. These archival traces are visible on the vids
themselves and chronicle the unofficial distribution networks of videotape
and the returning to favourite scenes that cause wear on the tape itself. These
personal historiographies are presented in the content and texture of a vid.
Fading Hometown and Lost Paradise
Authors: Ma Ran
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on Kuzoku, a Japan-based independent film collective of multiple members founded by self-trained filmmakers Tomita Katsuya and Aizawa Toranosuke in 2004. This study first examines Kuzoku’s location shooting by reconceptualizing fūkeiron (theory of landscape). Importantly, I turn to how Kuzoku’s fictional works Saudade (2011) and Bangkok Nites (2016), in tandem with other media projects by the film collective, reconfigure the mode of appearance in making visible previously marginalized subjectivities and locales, and connect with disparate temporalities and modes of affect as a gesture of resistance against the ‘endless everyday’ as well as the powerful globalization. Kuzoku’s filmmaking contributes to rethinking the transnational potentialities of Japanese cinema as well as Asian independent cinema.
Homecoming Myanmar
Authors: Ma Ran
Published: January 2021

This chapter highlights Taipei-based, Chinese-Burmese filmmaker Midi Z, whose ‘homecoming’ oeuvre includes three fictional films and two documentaries shot at Myanmar’s most (in)famous high-quality jade deposit, Hpakant in northern Myanmar. Reframing precarity from the theoretical framings in sociology and biopolitical theories, I first argue that Midi has explored how the disenfranchised diasporic Chinese subjects gamble on gaining access to other possibilities in life. My focus then shifts to City of Jade (Feicui zhicheng, 2016). Leveraging the notion of ‘risk-taking’ at both the textual and inter-textual levels, with an emphasis on the gendered perspective, I survey how Midi has leveraged a personal, subjective point of view to interweave the struggles of the Zhao family (particularly his brother’s) with those of the male labourers on location.
Three Worlds, Three Portraits: Introduction
Authors: Peake Rose-Marie
Published: January 2021

The chapter introduces the subject, approach, and focus of the book. The book offers a new insight into the history of the unenclosed Catholic Company the Daughters of Charity (les Filles de la Charité) by focusing on the contents and implementation of its value system in the first half of the seventeenth century. The chapter discusses the backbone of the book, the methodological concept of moral management which is a ‘travelling concept’ (Mieke Bal) utilized here for the first time in research on seventeenth-century Catholicism. Moral management is defined as the implementation, within the organization and its charitable activities, of a specific value system that is expressed in actions, behaviour, and mentalities, and that aims at securing the survival of the Company threatened by its perplexing religious identity.
Digital Media Practices in Households
Authors: Hjorth Larissa , Ohashi Kana , Sinanan Jolynna , Horst Heather , Pink Sarah , Kato Fumitoshi , Zhou Baohua
Published: January 2021

How are intergenerational relationships playing out in and through the digital rhythms of the household? Through extensive fieldwork in Tokyo, Shanghai and Melbourne, this book ethnographically explores how households are being understood, articulated and defined by digital media practices. It investigates the rise of self-tracking, quantified self and informal practices of care at distance as part of contemporary household dynamics.
“Abnormals”: From Cultural Diversity to Dogmatic Uniformity
Authors: Zahed Ludovic-Mohamed
Published: January 2021

This chapter addresses how the nineteenth century, and its waves of colonization around the world, saw the medicalization of the representation that individuals within European societies, France, the UK, and Arab-Muslim societies developed of their national identities, until then considered to be “cultural,” or even civilizational, identities, in particular, through the “normalization” of sexual orientations and gender identities.
Introduction
Authors: Zahed Ludovic-Mohamed
Published: January 2021

This chapter presents the author’s empirical research and political activism, in order to introduce clearly the methodology of the subsequent chapters, which draw on a variety of ethnographic, scriptural, historical and secondary academic sources.
“God Is Always Present with Those Who Exemplify Such Devotion”
Authors: Callan Maeve Brigid
Published: January 2021

Íte exemplifies the inclusive community created by these Christian holy
women as she advocates for her faithful, whom she serves as a spiritual
mother. No matter how significant their sins, she stands by their side,
helping them take responsibility for their actions, find forgiveness, and
be welcomed back into their community. She, alone among saints, is
celebrated as the muimme sanctorum Hiberniae, the foster-mother of
the saints of Ireland. Her Life claims she was taught directly by the Holy
Spirit, drawing on this training in her celebrated school that gave several
saints their start. Her Life portrays her as committed to both males and
females, curing them of various ills, including lapsed virginity and even
death, and sharing her wisdom with them. She is especially respected
for her virtue, wisdom, gift of prophecy, and healing abilities, as well as
a powerful patron and an abbess who tempered her authority with great
kindness, all aspects of her role as muimme.
“I Place Myself under the Protection of the Virgins All Together”
Authors: Callan Maeve Brigid
Published: January 2021

The final chapter explores several prominent fifth- through seventhcentury
female saints who do not have surviving medieval vitae but who
help broaden our understanding of the complexity and empowering
aspects of female religious experience in medieval Ireland. Three have
early modern adaptations of medieval Lives or legends. Lasair was so
renowned for her wisdom that Finnian of Clonard’s own Life claims her
as his student. She also shows that women could unleash some seriously
righteous wrath, while also being a source of comfort and healing. Attracta,
said to be a contemporary and associate of Patrick, was particularly active
in County Sligo, where she is well-remembered in several churches and
wells. Her legend celebrates her ability to slay dragons and resurrect the
dead. Cranat emphasizes connections with the earth, as her eyes are said
to have become trees, one devoured piece by piece by the desperate hopes
of Ireland’s emigrants in the mid-nineteenth-century, as it was said to
protect the bearer from drowning; another survived and indeed thrived
into the last century. Cranat sacrificed her eyes to retain control over
her body and fate, to remain a nun rather than become a wife. Gobnait
inspired many legends attesting to her great holiness and harmony with
animals and nature, but none survive from the medieval period. Medieval
litanies and calendars invoked her protection and honored her memory,
but her preservation is primarily a credit to the importance that her
monastic site, Ballyvourney, retained through the centuries as well as
to oral traditions and cultural customs that accompanied her cult. The
chapter finishes with Dígde, the probable poet behind one of Ireland’s
most celebrated poems, Aithbe damsa bés mara, or “The Lament of the Old
Woman of Beare.” Her poem may preserve an authentic echo of a medieval
Irishwoman’s perspective; its haunting, complex, and evocative beauty
and frank sensuality challenge assumptions about gender and sanctity
and provides striking contrast to claims made by hagiographers.
Who Was Ana de San Bartolomé?
Authors: Mujica Bárbara
Published: January 2021

Ana de San Bartolomé (García) was born in in rural Spain, the daughter
of landholding peasants. She was a loner and a visionary. She became a
novice at the convent of San José, in Ávila, in 1570, and met Saint Teresa
in the spring of 1571. After Teresa fell and broke her arm, Ana became her
secretary and traveled with her to help make foundations. One of Ana’s
most important functions was that of infirmarian, or nurse. In her letters,
Ana provides detailed explanations of some of the homeopathic cures
she used. Infirmarians, who were usually illiterate, white-veiled nuns,
rarely left records of their activities, but Ana’s letters provide a wealth of
information on health and healing.
Introduction
Authors: Ho Selina C.F.
Published: January 2021

The museum enterprise in China has long been seen as a state monopoly.
This chapter finds that the contingent roles of the state and the market, the
agencies of social and cultural actors in their signifying practices, as well as
the notion of museum public, have been neglected in the existing analyses
of museums in China. By drawing the constructive, multidimensional
model, ‘museum circuit’, it argues that the study of China’s museums
should incorporate reflection upon institutional-regulatory changes,
processes of cultural production by networks of museum intermediaries,
and processes of museum consumption as practices of appropriation,
negotiation, or resistance. Based on the model, it suggests an empirical
study of the art museal processes that have affected GPRD since the 1990s.
Spirits Live Among Us
Authors: Boarccaech Alessandro
Published: January 2021

This chapter analyses the relationship between beliefs in the spirits of
nature and the dead and the conception of hero among the Humangili,
a community located in Ataúro Island, Timor-Leste. For this purpose
I discuss the concept of culture, the influence of Lisan, the notion of
person, the symbolism of the given name, the meaning of physical death,
the hierarchical system, the relationship between soul and body, and the
impacts of adopting Christianity, while also presenting local stories and
myths, the journey of the Humangili’s hero, the notion of order and social
stability, as well as the perceptions about the supernatural world and its
influence in the world of the living. Overall, the ideas about the meaning
of hero are part of a complex system that contributes to the maintenance
of dominant narratives about local customs, cosmogonies, values and
hierarchies, the perception of individual and collective identity, and the
feeling of stability and social unity.
Death Across the Border and the Prospects of Improved People to People Relationships
Authors: Damaledo Andrey
Published: January 2021

The chapter explores the meanings of death among East Timorese who
are living in Indonesian West Timor. It particularly focuses on death
and transnational relationships, as increasingly East Timorese in West
Timor are opting to transfer the deceased across the border to be buried
in their home villages in Timor-Leste. At the same time, however, there
are other East Timorese who insist on burying the dead permanently in
West Timor. This phenomenon, the chapter argues, demonstrates not only
the enlivening ties between people and the dead but also the prospects of
death rituals for improving relationships between East Timorese divided
by violent conflicts, past atrocities, forced displacement, different political
allegiances, and nation-state boundaries.
Gender, Agency and the (In)Visibility of the Dead and the Wounded
Authors: Myrttinen Henri
Published: January 2021

The official memorialisation in Timor-Leste of those who died in the
struggle for independence has been a visibly masculine one, giving
pride of place to those men who died in the armed struggle. This has
been replicated at the private level, with new memorials to fallen ex-
FALINTIL family members being erected across the country. While
this memorialisation of fallen heroes is understandable, it invisibilises
many other victims – women across the board and those of diverse
gender identities, unarmed men, those on the ‘losing’ side, as well as
the wounded and disabled. Apart from causing grief and concerned to
loved ones, these invisibilisations hide the messy complexities of the
occupation and undermine the state’s own claims of establishing an
inclusive narrative.
The Dating and Origin of Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 180 : Adam Easton’s copy of Richard FitzRalph’s De pauperie Salvatoris
Authors: Dennison Lynda
Published: January 2021

Adam Easton’s De pauperie Salvatoris (Cambridge, Corpus Christi College,
MS 180) has not yet received an art-historical appraisal, nor has the
book been firmly dated or localized. Answers to these questions might
be provided by assessing the artistic development of the illuminator of
Corpus 180 and his hand in other works – as well as examination of closely
related ones by other hands – in a period of production estimated to have
spanned some forty years, and by charting the career and travels of Adam
Easton. Where was Easton – Oxford, Norwich, London or Avignon – when
the Pauperie was copied? The presence of elaborate penwork decoration
in works attributable to the artist of Corpus 180 makes it possible
to draw closer to a location of production for the Pauperie. The chapter
also addresses the role of monastic establishments in the production of
manuscripts at this time and in this context.
Adam Easton and the Lutterworth Wall Paintings Revisited
Authors: Gill Miriam
Published: January 2021

In his monograph on Easton, Andrew Lee proposed that a previously
unidentified contemporary portrait of the cardinal may be preserved
in the form of an image added to an existing morality wall painting
in the parish church of Lutterworth in Leicestershire. This proposal
not only suggests the existence of a second representation of this
important historical f igure, but makes this wall painting a public
visual expression of the ongoing animosity between Easton and the
reformer John Wyclif, the incumbent at Lutterworth. This chapter
reviews the conservation history and uncovering of the painting, its
probable dating, its visual conventions and its iconographic content.
This examination of the evidence makes Lee’s suggestion untenable;
however, careful examination of the image of the cardinal shows that
it was most probably once part of a scene of the Mass of St Gregory,
a late medieval devotional theme exemplifying the doctrine of Transubstantiation.
The Lutterworth mural thus represents the trenchant
restatement in Wyclif’s former parish of the orthodox position which
Adam Easton so vigorously defended.
Adam Easton and St Birgitta of Sweden: a remarkable affinity
Authors: Hutchison Ann M.
Published: January 2021

As a Benedictine monk in Norwich, an important religious centre with
strong ties to the Continent, Easton would have known St Birgitta of
Sweden (c.1303–1373) by reputation even before he was appointed to the
papal Curia. On 21 September 1381, Urban VI elevated him to the cardinalate,
demoting and imprisoning him five years later in 1385. Boniface XI,
Urban’s successor, restored Easton’s cardinalate on 18 December 1389. In
this position, he was able to advocate for the canonization of St Birgitta,
who had come to Rome in 1349 and who was much revered as a prophet
pursuing reform in the Church. His Defensorium Sanctae Birgittae, a
carefully structured argument against an attack by an unknown Perugian,
became important in defending women’s visionary writings, and thanks
to his intervention and those of other clerics, St Birgitta was canonized in
1391. This chapter examines the nature of Easton’s arguments in defence
of women visionaries and of St Birgitta, in particular.
Introduction
Authors: Greatrex Joan
Published: January 2021

Joan Greatrex sets up our understanding of Easton’s background, tracing
what we know from the few surviving documents of his early life, from
the early education that he is likely to have received up to the time that
he joined the household of Simon Langham.
Towards a World Council of Churches
Authors: Zeilstra Jurjen A.
Published: January 2021

Chapter 5 concerns itself with the foundation of the World Council immediately
after the war. It shows how the World Council, under Visser
’t Hooft’s unique style of ‘diplomatic’ leadership attempted to deal with
issues such as meeting the needs of post-war society and reconciliation,
with respect to the notion of the ‘responsible society’. The chapter reveals
how Visser ’t Hooft’s earlier theological development came to fruition in
this period and shows his strong practical approach in the various aspects
of the World Council’s programmes. The days of provisional acting and
improvisation were over, and professionalism and institutionalisation
gradually took over.
Obsolete Institutionalism?
Authors: Zeilstra Jurjen A.
Published: January 2021

In this chapter we look at Visser ’t Hooft’s continuing involvement in the
World Council of Churches after his retirement and developments in the
World Council itself. The chapter shows how prominent perspectives
from the beginning such as Christocentrism and the radical rejection of
syncretism were subjected to increasing pressure. Chapter 9 also traces
Visser ’t Hooft’s declining influence, culminating in Nairobi where he felt
he was outside the main discourse. His activities outside the council, such
as his memoirs, travelling, and his involvement in the Groupe Bellerive
are also discussed. Attention is also paid to his declining health and the
suffering and loneliness old age brought.
The German Reformed Congregation and its Province of Lower Germany
Authors: Christman Robert
Published: January 2021

To fully appreciate the events leading to the executions of Vos and van den Esschen, it is critical to understand the establishment, structure, and growth of the German Reformed Congregation of Augustinians (Observants) in the Holy Roman Empire during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. In particular, close analysis of the Congregation’s expansion into Lower Germany in the 1510s, a result of encouragement by its leader, Johann von Staupitz, reveals a clear set of tactics at work. An awareness of this strategy establishes the foundation for one argument of this monograph: that having learned how the objectives of the Observant movement could be promoted and disseminated, Martin Luther and his colleagues repurposed these methods in the service of the Reformation.
The Antwerp Cloister
Authors: Christman Robert
Published: January 2021

Being central to the events leading to the executions of Vos and van den Esschen, the history of the Reformed Augustinian cloister in Antwerp receives its own chapter. From its controversial founding in 1513 as part of Staupitz’s push to expand the Congregation’s influence into Lower Germany, a development that elicited the ire of local ecclesiastics and their legal representative Adrian Floriszoon (future Pope Adrian VI), to its destruction in early 1524 at the command of Emperor Charles V, this chapter traces the brief and troubled history of Lower Germany’s flagship cloister. It also introduces key actors connected to the cloister’ early history before it became a leading ‘hearth’ of Reformation ideas in the Low Countries.
The Authorities Respond: Pope and Emperor Seize the Initiative
Authors: Christman Robert
Published: January 2021

Chapter Four investigates the responses of various opponents of Reformation ideas emanating from the Reformed Augustinian cloisters of Lower Germany. After the Diet of Worms (1521), pope and emperor made common cause with forces already arrayed against religious dissent in Lower Germany. This chapter traces the development of the campaign against the Antwerp Augustinians, which quickly expanded to include the other six Reformed Augustinian cloisters of Lower Germany. It also explores the pope’s response to these Augustinians as it relates to his capacious efforts to limit Reformed Augustinian influence throughout the empire. The chapter demonstrates that key authorities understood the Reformed Augustinians as a threat, and that the response to that threat was an important element in the early Reformation.
Wittenberg’s Influence on the Events in Lower Germany
Authors: Christman Robert
Published: January 2021

Chapter Five shifts the focus to Martin Luther and the Reformed Augustinian leadership in Wittenberg. Traditional historiography insinuates that these men merely observed the tragedy unfolding in the Low Countries from afar and lamented its outcome. But this chapter argues for a more proactive involvement, demonstrating that not only were Luther and his colleagues aware of the events in Lower Germany, they sought to influence them. Moreover, they employed the strategies developed by Staupitz in the 1510s to expand the Congregation’s influence, this time in the service of the Reformation. Thus by 1521, Luther and his colleagues were already using the assets of the Aug
The Political Ecology of Climate Injustice in Bangkok
Authors: Marks Danny
Published: January 2021

This chapter addresses a gap in the literature on climate justice by
examining inequity at the urban scale. Such a perspective builds on
the concept of a climate-just city, which prioritizes the needs of those
most vulnerable to climate change. This study focuses on Bangkok, a city
not only highly vulnerable to climate change, but a city with one of the
highest carbon emissions per capita. The chapter highlights instances of
urban climate injustice by presenting three case studies: Bangkok’s public
transportation sector, the state’s response to the 2011 floods, and coastal
erosion in southern Bangkok. The cases show that the city’s governance
of climate change has unjustly benefited the upper echelon of society,
while low-income communities have been adversely affected.
Hightech-Highlights aus Las Vegas
Authors: Kellerhoff Peter , Kurmann Fabian
Published: January 2021

Unterhaltungselektronik: Die virtuelle Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas Anfang Januar war gespickt mit Innovationen – vom Rolldisplay über intelligente Lampen bis hin zu Kuschel-Robotern und KI-Fernsehern.
The Relationship HUBUNGAN ASUPAN LEMAK, ASUPAN GARAM DAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI UPT. PUSKESMAS SINGKAWANG TIMUR I
Authors: Haska Yulia Farahdini
Published: January 2021

Hipertensi sering disebut sebagai silent killer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan lemak, asupan garam dan status gizi terhadap tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di UPT. Puskesmas Singkawang Timur I. Sampel diambil berdasarkan accidental sampling dengan alat pengumpul data berupa kuesioner dan formulir food fecal. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa responden dengan asupan lemak tinggi dengan tekanan darah tinggi sebanyak 57 orang (78.1%); responden dengan asupan garam tinggi memiliki tekanan darah tinggi sebanyak 40 orang (54.8%); responden dengan status gizi normal memiliki tekanan darah tinggi sebanyak 56 orang (76.72%); dan responden dengan status gizi obesitas memiliki tekanan darah tinggi sebanyak 17 orang (23.28%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara asupan lemak dengan tekanan darah dan juga tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Namun, terdapat hubungan antara asupan garam dengan tekanan darah pada pasien di UPT. Puskesmas Singkawang Timur I.

Kata Kunci: Lemak, Garam, Hipertensi
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP WARGA DESA SENANING KECAMATAN KETUNGAU HULU KABUPATEN SINTANG TENTANG PENYAKIT MALARIA KNOWLESI
Authors: Z Djalika
Published: January 2021

Malaria knowlesi dikonfirmasi sebagai zoonosis endemik di Borneo Malaysia pada tahun 2004. Analisis molekular menunjukan bahwa 58% kasus malaria di Sarawak, Malaysia disebabkan oleh P. knowlesi. Karena Desa Senaning Kecamatan Ketungau Hulu, Kabupaten Sintang merupakan desa yang berbatasan dengan Serawak, Malaysia, desa ini memiliki potensi terjadinya penularan penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap serta karakteristik responden di Desa Senaning Kecamatan Ketungau Hulu Kabupaten Sintang tentang penyakit malaria knowlesi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumennya adalah kuisioner dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 93 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa distribusi proporsi dominan dalam penelitian ini jenis kelamin laki-laki (51,61%), kelompok usia dewasa awal 26-35 tahun (26,88%), tamat perguruan tinggi (34,41%), petani/ buruh (34,41%). Responden penelitian ini memiliki pengetahuan cukup (49,5%) dan sikap cukup (68,8%).

Kata kunci: Malaria Knowlesi, Pengetahuan, Sikap, Zoonosis
Analisis Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Perubahan Harga Saham Perusahaan Konstruksi
Authors: Handayani Nurul , Harmono Harmono , Zuhroh Diana
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap perubahan harga saham perusahaan konstruksi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Variabel bebas terdiri dari Earning Per Share (EPS), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Current Ratio (CR), Total Asset Turnover (TATO) dan variable terikat yaitu perubahan harga saham. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dokumentasi dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Indonesia Capital Market Directory BEI dan homepage BEI. Populasi yang diteliti yaitu perusahaan konstruksi yang terdapat di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2013-2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu multiple regression. Hasil analisis  menunjukkan bahwa EPS, NPM, CR dan TATO berpengaruh positif  terhadap perubahan harga saham perusahaan.
EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI VIDEO UNTUK KELENGKAPAN PENJELASAN CARA PENGGUNAAN INHALER OLEH MAHASISWA APOTEKER
Authors: Lorensia Amelia , Mahmudah Rifaatul Laila , Masruroh Ema Arifatul , Ningrum Navaul Setiya
Published: January 2021

Apoteker merupakan salah satu tenaga kesehatan yang berperan dalam memberikan informasi terkait penjelasan cara penggunaan sediaan inhaler kepada pasien asma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian edukasi video cara penggunaan beberapa jenis inhaler (MDI, MDI dengan spacer, Diskus®, dan Tubuhaler®  yang diberikan kepada mahasiswa apoteker. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-post design (eksperimental). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode non random sampling yang menggunakan teknik purposive. Uji normalitas menggunakan Shapiro-Wilk dan dilanjutkan. Dari hasil data yang diperoleh, masing-masing penilaian secara verbal (yang dijelaskan oleh subjek) dan penilaian secara motorik (yang diperagakan oleh subjek) dilihat dari pre- dan post-intervensi. Membandingkan kelengkapan penjelasan baik secara verbal dan motorik, menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dibandingkan dengan sebelum diedukasi, dengan nilai P untuk MDI (P(0,000)≤0,05), MDI dengan spacer (P(0,000)≤0,05). Diskus® (P(0,000)≤0,05), dan Turbuhaler® (P(0,000)≤0,05). Oleh karena itu edukasi video terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa apoteker untuk menjelaskan cara penggunaan inhaler.

Kata kunci: teknik inhaler, asma, mahasiswa apoteker, video edukasi
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl.,) TERHADAP Klebsiella pneumonia.
Authors: Rahmawati Aulia Nur , Solicah Putri Afiana
Published: January 2021

Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl) is a medical plant of the Thymelaeaceae family originating from Indonesia, precisely from Papua. Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl the deity has been known in various treatments such as diabetes, cancer, liver, dysentery, allergic diabetes, eczema, or gout and others (Ratna & Wiwi, 2014). The purpose of this study is to find out whether extract ethanolic 96% of Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl can inhibit the growth of K. pneumoniae, and to know what concentration of extract ethanolic 96% of Phaleria macrocarpa goodnes to inhibit K. pneumoniae. The method used is the Kirby Bauer Method. With the average inhibition zone  concentrations is 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%  respectively 17.41mm, 15.37mm, 12.60mm, 11.10mm, 6.43mm.
Peran Teknologi Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Merdeka Belajar di Era 4.0
Authors: Widiyono Aan , Millati Izzah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran teknologi pendidikan dalam perspektif merdeka belajar di era 4.0. Implementasi penelitian ini tentang bagaimana guru memahami konsep merdeka belajar dalam menerapkan teknologi pendidikan sebagai dasar pembelajaran di era 4.0.  Program ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi dan numerasi siswa menyusul pencapaian Indonesia di bawah standar dalam penilaian pendidikan global, PISA. Metode penelitian menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif dengan kajian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa teknologi pendidikan sangat berperan dalam program merdeka belajar di era 4.0 dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Kondisi ini dapat dilihat dari implementasi kebijakan pokok merdeka belajar yang memberikan kebebasan berinovasi dan kebebasan belajar secara mandiri pada sekolah, guru, dan peserta didik.
BAYI ITU BERNAMA JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA
Authors: Redaksi Catatan
Published: January 2021

Alhamdulillah. Puji syukur ya Tuhan, akhirnya lahir juga bayi yang diimpikan oleh banyak pihak itu. Bayi itu diberi nama Jurnal Pembelajaran Sastra. Sudah melewati satu dasa warsa yang lalu  jurnal ini direkomendasikan oleh para peserta Konferensi Internasional HISKI XIX di Batu tahun 2008 untuk diterbitkan oleh HISKI Komisariat Malang. Usulan rekomendasi tersebut selaras dengan tema besar konfeferensi waktu itu: Pentingnya Pembelajaran Sastra dalam Pengembangan Karakter Bangsa.
NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES IN ANGIE THOMAS’ NOVEL THE HATE U GIVE
Authors: Zakaria Mochamad Fahrur Rizal
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis teknik narasi menggunakan novel The Hate U Give dengan menerapkan teori narratologi yang diusulkan oleh genette (1980). Studi ini termasuk dalam kritik sastra. Dalam menganalisa narasi dari novel ini terdapat lima unsur narasi; urutan narasi, durasi narasi, frekuensi, modus narasi dan suara. Susunan narasi adalah alur cerita anachronic, yang antara waktu cerita dan waktu bercerita yang tidak terjalin secara normal atau mendahului satu sama lain. Jenis anakronistik adalah analepsis. Durasi dalam novel adalah jeda dan adegan. Frekuensi adalah representasi berulang. Modus ini adalah modus mimesis karena cerita teller bukan penulis sendiri, sebaliknya, pendongeng adalah karakter fiksi dalam cerita. Suara novel ini didasarkan pada perspektif Starr yang merupakan sudut pandang orang pertama. Sementara itu, teknik narasi menyiratkan pada pembangunan karakter utama yang dijelaskan oleh penulis.
INDIVIDUATION PROCESS OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN OKKY MADASARI’S BOUND
Authors: Zuhro Hanabillah Fatchu
Published: January 2021

The characters in the novel are a reflection of the human condition in real life. Understanding the personality of a character in a novel means understanding the personality of people too. This provides an opportunity to understand the attitudes and behavior of the people in real life through the personality of characters in literary works. Therefore, the researcher considers to discuss the process of individuation of the main characters in Okky Madasari’s Bound. The present study is literary criticism. This research aims to describe the individuation process of the main characters, Sasana and Jaka. The main characters, want the freedom to express their true identity. Through this novel, Okky Madasari wants to convey that life is a choice. Humans have the freedom to choose what they want to be without the negative side being dominant in a person. Along these lines, we can utilize Analytical Psychology to break down this novel with the idea of the individuation process. It employs the theory of individuation process proposed by Carl Gustav Jung covering several steps to achieve the process of individuation of the main characters. There are four kinds of archetypes in order to acknowledge the individuation process. They are “persona”, “shadow”, “anima and animus”, and “Self”. The results of this study show that the main characters still cannot reach the individuation process well. Sasana and Jaka have not yet reached middle age, so Sasana and Jaka have not reached self-archetype yet, because to achieve self-archetype, the characters must reach middle age first.