bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Multiobjective Programming Model for Coping with Supplier Selection Disruption Risks under Mixed Uncertainties
Authors: Li Ying , Han Jing , Yao Liming
Published: September 2016

Supply chain has become more and more vulnerable to disruption since it is suffering widespread risk issues from inside or outside. Higher uncertainties in the supplier selection problem have gone beyond the traditional cost minimization concern. These uncertainties are related to an ever increasing product variety, more demanding customers, and a highly interconnected distribution network. This paper focuses on the supplier selection problem with disruption risks and mixed uncertainties. A novel multiobjective optimization model with mixed uncertain coefficients is developed, which maximizes the total profits and minimizes the percentage of items delivered late, percentage of items rejected, and total loss cost due to supplier dysfunction. Meanwhile, we also consider the customer demand to be a random fuzzy variable and the unit purchase cost to be a fuzzy variable. By examining a numerical example, we found that the confidence level and demand of customers have impact on the quantities purchased by customers from suppliers although the distribution of suppliers will not change. The cost, quality, and service also influence the selection of suppliers. The superevents have little influence on the distribution of supplier selection; however, when unique event occurs, the distribution of supplier selection will change.
WSN-DS: A Dataset for Intrusion Detection Systems in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Almomani Iman , Al-Kasasbeh Bassam , AL-Akhras Mousa
Published: September 2016

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have become increasingly one of the hottest research areas in computer science due to their wide range of applications including critical military and civilian applications. Such applications have created various security threats, especially in unattended environments. To ensure the security and dependability of WSN services, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) should be in place. This IDS has to be compatible with the characteristics of WSNs and capable of detecting the largest possible number of security threats. In this paper a specialized dataset for WSN is developed to help better detect and classify four types of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks: Blackhole, Grayhole, Flooding, and Scheduling attacks. This paper considers the use of LEACH protocol which is one of the most popular hierarchical routing protocols in WSNs. A scheme has been defined to collect data from Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) and then processed to produce 23 features. The collected dataset is called WSN-DS. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been trained on the dataset to detect and classify different DoS attacks. The results show that WSN-DS improved the ability of IDS to achieve higher classification accuracy rate. WEKA toolbox was used with holdout and 10-Fold Cross Validation methods. The best results were achieved with 10-Fold Cross Validation with one hidden layer. The classification accuracies of attacks were 92.8%, 99.4%, 92.2%, 75.6%, and 99.8% for Blackhole, Flooding, Scheduling, and Grayhole attacks, in addition to the normal case (without attacks), respectively.
Crucial Contributions by T Lymphocytes (Effector, Regulatory, and Checkpoint Inhibitor) and Cytokines (TH1, TH2, and TH17) to a Pathological Complete Response Induced by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Kaewkangsadan Viriya , Verma Chandan , Eremin Jennifer M. , Cowley Gerard , Ilyas Mohammed , Eremin Oleg
Published: September 2016

The tumour microenvironment consists of malignant cells, stroma, and immune cells. Prominent tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer are associated with a good prognosis and are predictors of a pathological complete response (pCR) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The contribution of different T effector/regulatory cells and cytokines to tumour cell death with NAC requires further characterisation and was investigated in this study. Breast tumours from 33 women with large and locally advanced breast cancers undergoing NAC were immunohistochemically (intratumoural, stromal) assessed for T cell subsets and cytokine expression using labelled antibodies, employing established semiquantitative methods. Prominent levels of TILs and CD4+, CD8+, and CTLA-4+(stromal) T cells and CD8+ : FOXP3+ratios were associated with a significant pCR; no association was seen with FOXP3+, CTLA-4+(intratumoural), and PD-1+T cells. NAC significantly reduced CD4+, FOXP3+, CTLA-4+(stromal) (concurrently blood FOXP3+, CTLA-4+Tregs), and PD-1+T cells; no reduction was seen with CD8+and CTLA-4+(intratumoural) T cells. High post-NAC tumour levels of FOXP3+T cells, IL-10, and IL-17 were associated with a failed pCR. Our study has characterised further the contribution of T effector/regulatory cells and cytokines to tumour cell death with NAC.
Joint Full- and Half-Duplex Communication Strategy for MIMO Interference Channels
Authors: Migabo Emmanuel M. , Olwal Thomas O.
Published: September 2016

Although a full-duplex (FD) communication inK-links MIMO systems suffers from both self-interference and interuser interference, the bidirectional exchange of information between nodes on each of theK-links in FD significantly enhances the capacity of the wireless channel. On the other hand, a half-duplex (HD) communication is not affected by self-interference but faces the interuser interference. In order to take full advantages of the FD and HD communication modes, this article proposes a joint full- and half-duplex (FuHaDu) communication strategy for MIMO interference channels wherebyKMIMO links capacity is enhanced, while both self-interference and interuser interference are reduced. Specifically, the proposed joint FuHaDu model is based on Rosen’s gradient projection method for maximising the weighted sum rate (WSR) of optimal transmitter and receiver filters. The computer simulation results show that the joint FuHaDu strategy enhances the spectral efficiency when compared to the purely HD and FD conventional approaches. The results further reveal that channel capacity doubles as the number of antennas is increased from2×2to4×4. The most significant capacity performance is noted with the4×3MIMO configuration for the HD, FD, and FuHaDu strategies.
The Effects of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Liu Yu , Han Jinsong , Liu Tao , Yang Zhonglu , Jiang Hui , Wang Huishan
Published: September 2016

Objective. To investigate the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).Method. A total of 728 patients with DM and 1380 patients without DM who underwent OPCAB treatment from March 2012 to April 2015 were reviewed. The effects of DM on intraoperative variables and postoperative complications were determined using propensity score analysis.Results. Two well-matched subgroups were selected using propensity score analysis (DM = 728, no-DM = 728) to compare the perioperative outcome. The duration of the ICU stay, in hours (55.2 ± 53.0 versus 49.29 ± 51.30,P<0.05), postoperative new-onset atrial fibrillation (20.9% versus 14.97%,P<0.05), and postoperative infection (9.2% versus 4.67%,P<0.05) were greater in DM patients, as indicated by univariate analysis.Conclusion. OPCAB was found to be effective in DM patients, but postoperative infection and postoperative new-onset atrial fibrillation were found to be more likely to occur in DM patients than in other patients. DM was found to be a powerful risk factor for postoperative infection and postoperative new-onset atrial fibrillation.
Quantum Chemical Calculations and Molecular Docking Studies of Some NSAID Drugs (Aceclofenac, Salicylic Acid, and Piroxicam) as 1PGE Inhibitors
Authors: Suresh S. , Gunasekaran Sethu , Srinivasan Shanmugam
Published: September 2016

The molecular structure of the three compounds Aceclofenac (I), Salicylic Acid (II), and Piroxicam (III) has been determined using Gaussian 03W program with B3LYP method using 6-311++G (d,p) basis set calculations. The molecular structures were fully optimized with atomic numbering scheme adopted in the study. To understand the mode of binding and molecular interaction, the docking studies of compounds Aceclofenac (I), Salicylic Acid (II), and Piroxicam (III) have been carried out with prostaglandin H2 synthase-1 (1PGE) as target using induced fit docking. The molecular docking results show that the interactions and energy for Aceclofenac, Salicylic Acid, and Piroxicam show the best results when docked with prostaglandin H2 synthase-1 (1PGE). The hydrogen bonding interactions of compound I (Aceclofenac) are prominent with Arginine moiety, those of compound II (Salicylic Acid) are prominent with Tyrosine and Serine moieties, and compound III (Piroxicam) shows such interaction with Tyrosine and Arginine moieties. These interactions of prostaglandin H2 synthase-1 (1PGE) with substrates are responsible for governing COX-1 inhibitor potency which in turn is a direct measure of the potency of the drug.
(m,λ)-Berezin Transform on the Weighted Bergman Spaces over the Polydisk
Authors: Li Ran , Lu Yufeng
Published: September 2016

We prove that every bounded linear operator on weighted Bergman space over the polydisk can be approximated by Toeplitz operators under some conditions. The main tool here is the so-called(m,λ)-Berezin transform. In particular, our results generalized the results of K. Nam and D. C. Zheng to the case of operators acting onAλ2(Dn).
Sweet Bones: The Pathogenesis of Bone Alteration in Diabetes
Authors: Al-Hariri Mohammed
Published: September 2016

Diabetic patients have increased fracture risk. The pathogenesis underlying the status of bone alterations in diabetes mellitus is not completely understood but is multifactorial. The major deficits appear to be related to a deficit in mineralized surface area, a decrement in the rate of mineral apposition, deceased osteoid surface, depressed osteoblast activity, and decreased numbers of osteoclasts due to abnormal insulin signaling pathway. Other prominent features of diabetes mellitus are an increased urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium, accumulation of advanced glycation end products, and oxidative stress leading to sweet bones (altered bone’s strength, metabolism, and structure). Every diabetic patient should be assessed for risk factors for fractures and osteoporosis. The pathogenesis of the bone alterations in diabetes mellitus as well as their molecular mechanisms needs further study.
Women in Saudi Arabia and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alshaikh Mashael K. , Filippidis Filippos T. , Baldove Juren P. , Majeed Azeem , Rawaf Salman
Published: September 2016

Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in Saudi Arabia. Saudi women in particular are more susceptible as there are sociocultural restrictions on female physical activities that may lead to high prevalence of CVD risks, especially obesity, and physical inactivity. This study aims to systematically review the published articles related to the prevalence of CVD risk among women in Saudi Arabia. The search strategy covers all published articles that assess the risk factor of CVD in Saudi Arabia from January 2000 to December 2015, using the following sources: Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO. A total of 61 studies were included.Results.Prevalence among Saudi women of smoking ranged from 1.1% to 9.1%, hypertension was 21.8%, diabetes ranged from 9.6% to 27.6%, overweight was 27%, and obesity was 40.23%, and physical inactivity ranged from 53.2% to 98.1%. Hypercholesterolemia prevalence on Saudi women on average was 24.5%, while metabolic syndrome ranged from 13.6% to 40.3%.Conclusion. The prevalence of CVD risk factors is high among women in Saudi Arabia especially in obesity and physical inactivity. Public health authorities must implement solutions from a gender specific aspect to reverse the trend and decrease the prevalence of CVDs among Saudi women.
Classification of the Entities Represented by Samples from Gaussian Distribution
Authors: Rebbouh Amar
Published: September 2016

This paper aims to cluster entities which are described by a data matrix. Under the assumption of normality of observations contained in each table, each entity is represented by samples from Gaussian distribution, that is, a number of measurements in the data matrix, the sample mean vector, and the sample covariance. We propose a new distance based on Mahalanobis’s discriminant score to measure the similarity between objects. The present study is thought to be an important and interesting topic of research not only in the quest for an adequate model of the data representation but also in the choice of the distance index between entities that would allow justifying the homogeneity of any observed classes.
Brain-Computer Interface for Control of Wheelchair Using Fuzzy Neural Networks
Authors: Abiyev Rahib H. , Akkaya Nurullah , Aytac Ersin , Günsel Irfan , Çağman Ahmet
Published: September 2016

The design of brain-computer interface for the wheelchair for physically disabled people is presented. The design of the proposed system is based on receiving, processing, and classification of the electroencephalographic (EEG) signals and then performing the control of the wheelchair. The number of experimental measurements of brain activity has been done using human control commands of the wheelchair. Based on the mental activity of the user and the control commands of the wheelchair, the design of classification system based on fuzzy neural networks (FNN) is considered. The design of FNN based algorithm is used for brain-actuated control. The training data is used to design the system and then test data is applied to measure the performance of the control system. The control of the wheelchair is performed under real conditions using direction and speed control commands of the wheelchair. The approach used in the paper allows reducing the probability of misclassification and improving the control accuracy of the wheelchair.
CCR2 Influences T Regulatory Cell Migration to Tumors and Serves as a Biomarker of Cyclophosphamide Sensitivity
Authors: Loyher Pierre-Louis , Rochefort Juliette , Baudesson de Chanville Camille , Hamon Pauline , Lescaille Géraldine , Bertolus Chloé , Guillot-Delost Maude , Krummel Matthew F. , Lemoine François M. , Combadière Christophe , Boissonnas Alexandre
Published: September 2016

The CCL2 chemokine receptor CCR2 drives cancer by mediating the recruitment of monocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells to the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we extend the significance of CCR2 in this setting by identifying a new role for it in mediating recruitment of CD4+ T regulatory cells (Treg). Following tumor initiation, an expanded population of CCR2+ Tregs required CCR2 expression to traffic between draining lymph nodes (dLN) and the tumor. This Treg subset was enriched in the fraction of tumor antigen–specific cells in the dLN, where they displayed an activated immunosuppressive phenotype. Notably, in mouse models, low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment preferentially depleted CCR2+ Treg, enhancing priming of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. In the MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse model of breast cancer and in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, tumor development was associated with decreased blood frequency and inversely increased tumor frequency of CCR2+ Tregs. Our results define a novel subset of CCR2+ Treg involved in tumoral immune escape, and they offer evidence that this Treg subset may be preferentially eradicated by low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6483–94. ©2016 AACR.
Kinase Regulation of Human MHC Class I Molecule Expression on Cancer Cells
Authors: Brea Elliott J. , Oh Claire Y. , Manchado Eusebio , Budhu Sadna , Gejman Ron S. , Mo George , Mondello Patrizia , Han James E. , Jarvis Casey A. , Ulmert David , Xiang Qing , Chang Aaron Y. , Garippa Ralph J. , Merghoub Taha , Wolchok Jedd D. , Rosen Neal , Lowe Scott W. , Scheinberg David A.
Published: September 2016

The major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-1) presents antigenic peptides to tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. The regulation of MHC-I by kinases is largely unstudied, even though many patients with cancer are receiving therapeutic kinase inhibitors. Regulators of cell-surface HLA amounts were discovered using a pooled human kinome shRNA interference–based approach. Hits scoring highly were subsequently validated by additional RNAi and pharmacologic inhibitors. MAP2K1 (MEK), EGFR, and RET were validated as negative regulators of MHC-I expression and antigen presentation machinery in multiple cancer types, acting through an ERK output–dependent mechanism; the pathways responsible for increased MHC-I upon kinase inhibition were mapped. Activated MAPK signaling in mouse tumors in vivo suppressed components of MHC-I and the antigen presentation machinery. Pharmacologic inhibition of MAPK signaling also led to improved peptide/MHC target recognition and killing by T cells and TCR-mimic antibodies. Druggable kinases may thus serve as immediately applicable targets for modulating immunotherapy for many diseases. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(11); 936–47. ©2016 AACR.
Hospitalisations with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: An Increasing Problem That Deserves Closer Attention
Authors: Santos João Vasco , Lisboa Carmen , Lanna Caterina , Costa-Pereira Altamiro , Freitas Alberto
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the hair follicle, can lead to scarring and disability. With an estimated European prevalence of 1%, few epidemiological studies of HS have been performed, and none focused on hospitalisations. We aimed to study the time trends of HS hospitalisations and to evaluate the demographic characteristics, hospital incidence rate, readmissions, length of stay, comorbidities and risk factors of hospitalised HS patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study using a national administrative database in Portugal, with discharges between 2000 and 2014. All the inpatients aged 5 years or more with a diagnosis of HS were included. Variables analysed were age, sex, admission and discharge date, discharge outcome and diagnoses. Results: A total of 1,177 patients were hospitalised in this time period (48 were aged 18 years or younger) with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.17. There was a hospital incidence rate of 0.83 patients with HS per 100,000 person-years (95% CI = 0.78-0.88). The age group with the highest incidence rate was 20-29 years among women and 40-49 years among men. We recorded an increasing trend in the number of new hospitalised patients and in the hospital incidence rate of HS. Tobacco was the most common comorbidity/risk factor. Eighty-three percent of our population underwent HS surgery. Conclusion: This hospital-based incidence study showed that admission for HS is increasing and that the majority of the HS inpatients were surgical cases. In the future, prospective studies will be important to assess risk factors for hospitalisations and complications.
An Open-Label Pilot Study of Metformin as a Concomitant Therapy on Patients with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Treatment
Authors: Zhu Wenhui , Xu Hua , Ma Jing , Guo Jianming , Xue Wei , Gu Baojun , Sheng Lu , Yao Xudong , Sun Fukang , Gong Jian , Qiu Weiliang , Ding Qiang , Jiang Haowen
Published: September 2016

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of metformin on insulin, C-peptide and body weight in Chinese men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods: Between March 2013 and June 2014, 62 newly diagnosed patients of prostate cancer (PCa) due to receive ADT were recruited from 7 hospitals in Shanghai. Patients were randomized to respectively receive ADT (n = 31) and ADT + metformin (n = 31) for 6 months. Fasting and postprandial serum levels of insulin and C-peptide, blood glucose, prostate specific antigen, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured at the beginning and end of 6-month treatment. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between the 2 groups. Controlling for baseline levels, the ADT group had significantly higher levels of fasting glucose (p = 0.01) and higher WC (p = 0.04) than the ADT + metformin group. The levels of insulin, C-peptide and BMI did not differ significantly. Conclusions: Metformin may be potentially efficient as a concomitant therapy on patients with PCa undergoing androgen deprivation treatment.
Implementation of the Four-Category Classification of Cesarean Section Urgency in Clinical Practice. A Prospective Study
Authors: Maneschi Francesco , Biccirè Desiree , Santangelo Giusi , Perrone Seila , Scaini Alberto , Cosentino Carmine
Published: September 2016

Purpose: This study is aimed at investigating the clinical efficacy of the 4-category classification of urgent cesarean section. Methods: Women giving birth from September 2012 to December 2014 were prospectively investigated. Urgency C-section categories were color-coded: red - maternal/fetal life threat; yellow - maternal/fetal compromise, not life-threatening; and green - early delivery necessary. Results were audited. Results: A total of 4,754 women gave birth in the period considered, 1,313 (27.6%) with C-section of which 867 were urgent. The code was red in 0.98% of women, and 91.5% of newborns were delivered ≤30'; yellow in 5.1%; and green in 11.7%. The mean decision-to-delivery interval (DDI) ± SD was 19.6 ± 9.5 min, 36.6 ± 15.3 (p < 0.01), and 80.3 ± 52.8 (p < 0.01), respectively; and mean umbilical pH was 7.24 ± 0.10, 7.29 ± 0.08 (p < 0.05), and 7.33 ± 0.04 (p < 0.01) in the red, yellow, and green groups, respectively. Two (4.2%) red and 4 (2.2%) yellow newborns were acidotic. Mean DDI ± SD decreased from 21.7 ± 9.7 min in the period September 2012 to February 2013 to 17.4 ± 9.7 min in the period February to December 2014 (p = NS). Conclusions: Four-category classification led to achieving the target time in >90% of category 1 emergency C-sections, and stratified newborns with significantly different acidosis levels.
Factors Influencing Quality of Life Six Months after a First-Ever Ischemic Stroke: Focus on Thrombolyzed Patients
Authors: Numminen Sari , Korpijaakko-Huuhka Anna-Maija , Parkkila Anna-Kaisa , Kulkas Teija , Numminen Heikki , Dastidar Prasun , Jehkonen Mervi
Published: September 2016

Objective: This prospective follow-up study aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors that may affect the quality of life (QoL) of patients with acute ischemic stroke during a 6-month follow-up. Patients and Methods: In the acute phase, sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, Barthel Index, and modified Rankin Scale. QoL was assessed with the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 6 months after stroke. Results: QoL was evaluated in 64 patients (aged 45-81 years) with a first-ever ischemic stroke. Thrombolytic therapy was given to 80% of the patients. Stroke severity, dependence in activities of daily living, degree of handicap, and length of hospitalization were associated with QoL. QoL was not associated with age, gender, marital status, or years of education. Conclusion: In this study, most patients were treated with thrombolysis, and QoL results resembled those of earlier studies on patients without thrombolysis. Despite good physical recovery, the patients reported impairments in QoL. QoL assessments can give clinicians a more holistic picture of stroke recovery from the patient's perspective.
The Relationship between Behavioural Changes, Cognitive Symptoms, and Functional Disability in Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: O'Connor Claire M. , Clemson Lindy , Flanagan Emma , Kaizik Cassandra , Brodaty Henry , Hodges John R. , Piguet Olivier , Mioshi Eneida
Published: September 2016

Background: The contribution of behavioural changes to functional decline is yet to be explored in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Objectives: (1) investigate functional changes in two PPA variants [semantic (svPPA) and non-fluent (nfvPPA)], at baseline and after 12 months; (2) investigate baseline differences in behavioural changes between groups, and (3) explore predictors of functional decline after a 12-month period. Methods: A longitudinal study involving 29 people with PPA (18 svPPA; 11 nfvPPA) seen annually in Sydney/Australia was conducted. A total of 114 functional and behavioural assessments were included for within-group (repeated-measures ANOVA; annual rate of change; multiple regression analyses) and between-group analyses (pairwise comparisons). Results: Functional profiles in svPPA and nfvPPA were similar in people with up to 5 years of disease duration. Behavioural changes were marked in svPPA patients (stereotypical behaviour and apathy) but did not predict annual rate of change of functional abilities; global cognitive scores at baseline did. Despite mild behavioural changes in nfvPPA (disinhibition, apathy), these were significant predictors of annual rate of functional change. Conclusions: The presentation and interplay of behavioural changes and functional disability differ in svPPA and nfvPPA. These varying factors should be taken into account when considering prognosis, disease management, and selection of outcome measures for interventions.
Heads Up! A Novel Provocative Maneuver to Guide Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Authors: Ali Latisha K. , Weng Julius K. , Starkman Sidney , Saver Jeffrey L. , Kim Doojin , Ovbiagele Bruce , Buck Brian H. , Sanossian Nerses , Vespa Paul , Bang Oh Young , Jahan Reza , Duckwiler Gary R. , Viñuela Fernando , Liebeskind David S.
Published: September 2016

Background: A common dilemma in acute ischemic stroke management is whether to pursue recanalization therapy in patients with large vessel occlusions but minimal neurologic deficits. We describe and report preliminary experience with a provocative maneuver, i.e. 90-degree elevation of the head of bed for 30 min, which stresses collaterals and facilitates decision-making. Methods: A prospective cohort study of <7.5 h of acute anterior circulation territory ischemia patients with minimal deficits despite middle cerebral artery (MCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusive disease. Results: Five patients met the study entry criteria. Their mean age was 78.4 years (range 65-93). All presented with substantial deficits (median NIHSS score 11, range 5-22), but improved while in supine position during initial imaging to normal or near-normal (NIHSS score 0-2). MRA showed persistent M1 MCA occlusions in 4, critical ICA stenosis or occlusion in 1, and substantial perfusion-diffusion mismatch in all. To evaluate the potential for eventual collateral failure, patients were placed in a head of bed upright posture. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were unchanged. Two showed no neurologic worsening and were treated with supportive care with excellent final outcome. Three showed worsening, including recurrent hemiparesis and aphasia at the 6th, recurrent aphasia at the 23rd, and recurrent hemineglect at the 15th upright minute. These 3 underwent endovascular recanalization therapies with successful reperfusion and excellent final outcome. Conclusion: The ‘Heads Up' test may be a useful, simple maneuver to assess the risk of collateral failure and guide the decision to pursue recanalization therapy in acute cerebral ischemia patients with minimal deficits despite persisting large cerebral artery occlusion.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Mismatch: A Case of Tracheal Hamartoma
Authors: Ivanovic Aleksandar M. , Stevic Ruza , Popovic Marko , Stojsic Jelena , Masulovic Dragan , Jakovic Radoslav
Published: September 2016

Objective: To demonstrate the diagnostic challenge of tracheal hamartoma in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 65-year-old man with COPD was admitted with sudden onset of asphyxia attacks related to the position of his body. Computerized tomography (CT) of the neck showed a soft tissue mass with calcification, which occluded more than two-thirds of the proximal part of the trachea. The tumor was completely removed, and histopathology confirmed hamartoma. Conclusion: This case report showed the detection of a primary tracheal tumor on CT. This finding enabled the correct diagnosis and led to appropriate treatment in the form of surgery.
Assessment of Uric Acid Level in the Saliva of Patients with Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Bakhtiari Sedigheh , Toosi Parviz , Samadi Saeed , Bakhshi Mahin
Published: September 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of uric acid (UA) in saliva, which is considered to be an antioxidant defense biomarker against oxidative stress in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). Subjects and Methods: In this case-control study, 25 OLP patients were included. The reticular form of OLP was verified by a clinical examination with Wickham striae, and other types (erosive, atrophic, ulcerative) were confirmed by histopathological assessment. Thirty healthy individuals matched for age and gender were selected as the control group. In both groups, the Navazesh technique was used to collect the unstimulated saliva. Then, the amount of UA was measured using a Cobas Mira autoanalyzer with a wavelength of 546 nm. The Student t test was used to analyze the data assuming a significance level at <0.05. Results: Of the 25 patients, the most common type of OLP was erosive (n = 11, 44%), and the most common site of OLP was seen as bilateral in the buccal mucosa (n = 12, 48%). The mean level of salivary UA was significantly lower in the patients with OLP (2.10 ± 0.19 mg/dL) in comparison with the control group (4.80 ± 0.29 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, OLP was associated with a decrease in UA levels in the saliva. Salivary UA as a biomarker could be used for monitoring and treating OLP.
Angina and Future Cardiovascular Events in Stable Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From the Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry
Authors: Eisen Alon , Bhatt Deepak L. , Steg P. Gabriel , Eagle Kim A. , Goto Shinya , Guo Jianping , Smith Sidney C. , Ohman E. Magnus , Scirica Benjamin M. ,   the REACH Registry Investigators
Published: September 2016

Background

The extent to which angina is associated with future cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease has long been debated.

Methods and Results

Included were outpatients with established coronary artery disease who were enrolled in the
REACH
registry and were followed for 4 years. Angina at baseline was defined as necessitating episodic or permanent antianginal treatment. The primary end point was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Secondary end points included heart failure, cardiovascular hospitalizations, and coronary revascularization. The independent association between angina and first/total events was examined using Cox and logistic regression models. Out of 26 159 patients with established coronary artery disease, 13 619 (52%) had angina at baseline. Compared with patients without angina, patients with angina were more likely to be older, female, and had more heart failure and polyvascular disease (
P
<0.001 for each). Compared with patients without angina, patients with angina had higher rates of first primary end‐point event (14.2% versus 16.3%, unadjusted hazard ratio 1.19,
CI
1.11–1.27,
P
<0.001; adjusted hazard ratio 1.06,
CI
0.99–1.14,
P
=0.11), and total primary end‐point events (adjusted risk ratio 1.08,
CI
1.01–1.16,
P
=0.03). Patients with angina were at increased risk for heart failure (adjusted odds ratio 1.17,
CI
1.06–1.28,
P
=0.002), cardiovascular hospitalizations (adjusted odds ratio 1.29,
CI
1.21–1.38,
P
<0.001), and coronary revascularization (adjusted odds ratio 1.23,
CI
1.13–1.34,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Patients with stable coronary artery disease and angina have higher rates of future cardiovascular events compared with patients without angina. After adjustment, angina was only weakly associated with cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, but significantly associated with heart failure, cardiovascular hospitalization, and coronary revascularization.
Maya Divination: Ritual Techniques of Distributed Cognition
Authors: McGraw John J.
Published: September 2016

Based on more than 24 months of ethnographic research among Maya ritualists in the western highlands of Guatemala, this article examines howpajooneem, ortz’ite’seed divination, facilitates decision-making and distributes cognition between client, diviner, and ritual techniques.Tz’ite’seed divination exhibits a stylized routine that draws on important ‘mediating structures,’ including the 260-day ritual calendar known throughout Mesoamerica. Because it is both a ritual and cognitive practice, Maya divination grounds decision-making in a perennially relevant set of cultural values.
Playing for God’s Team: The Influence of Belief in the Supernatural on Perceptions of Religious, Spiritual, and Natural Cues
Authors: Periss Virginia A. , Bjorklund David F.
Published: September 2016

Adherence to religious belief may serve to promote group cohesion and cooperation by decreasing the costs associated with social exchange. Consistent with this, organized religious ideologies, unlike secular or spiritual based ideologies, have been argued to facilitate cooperation among individuals living in large-scale societies. In the current study, we examined whether hypothetical adults’ explanations of natural events focused on religious ideologies were more effective at eliciting positive-affect compared to spiritual or natural explanations. Results revealed that religious cues were more effective than spiritual cues in eliciting perceptions of positive-affect, but only when participant religiosity was taken into account. Participants high in religiosity favored the religious cues over the spiritual and natural cues, whereas participants high in spirituality showed no preferences. Conversely, participants low in religious belief demonstrated not only a positive bias towards the natural explanations, but also rated the adults expressing the supernatural explanations, in particular the religious explanations, as having greater negative-affect. From an evolutionary perspective, we interpreted the results as providing support that some forms of supernatural thinking, typical of organized religion, are more effective at eliciting feelings of positive and negative affect compared to supernatural beliefs not rooted in organized religion.
Understanding the Impact of Heritage Language on Ethnic Identity Formation and Literacy for u.s. Latino Children
Authors: Arredondo Maria M. , Rosado Melanie , Satterfield Teresa
Published: September 2016

Studies show positive associations between ethnic identity, socio-emotional health and academic success. However, most work is carried out with adolescents and few have examined how young children develop an ethnic identity, particularly u.s. Latino children. The present study represents a first-pass investigation of children’s ethnic identity mechanisms and their relation to academic success. We carried out semi-structured interviews in Spanish with 25 Latino children (ages 5–12). Open-ended questions addressed items on the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure and Ethnic Identity Scale, incorporating a mixed qualitative (i.e., themes) and quantitative (i.e., scoring) analysis. Results revealed that children provide great detail when discussing their ethnic background. Additionally, Latino children’s bilingualism and Spanish-language proficiency were significant markers of ethnic identity formation, which in turn were positively associated with affect and Spanish literacy. These findings shed light on the complexities of ethnic identity construction during children’s early years, and establish a path for further investigation of Latino children’s socio-emotional health and academic achievement.
The discovery of the ‘transient’ male Tibetan wild ass: alternative ‘sneaky’ mating tactics in a wild equid?
Authors: Kannan Prameek M. , Parsons Michael H. , Jamwal Pushpinder S. , Chandan Pankaj S. , Parsons Faith E. , Takpa Jigmet
Published: September 2016

Male asses usually consist of two classes, social bachelors and solitary, territorial males. However, our observations of the Tibetan wild ass (Equus kiang) suggested a third class may exist. Unexpectedly, unidentified males were often found courting females within another male’s territory. To test our hypothesis that a new social class existed, we compared 12 social behaviours among three putative groups. The third male-type spent less time herding and demonstrating flehmen, while spending more time retreating, trotting and in proximity of females, where they were more likely to engage in courtship and urine-marking. Based on increased time spent among females within other territories, the most courtship events, and minimal time invested in each courtship, they appear to employ ‘sneaky’ mating tactics. We discuss whether these ‘transient’ males are demonstrating an adaptive alternative mating strategy, or whether these behaviours result from a discrete developmental stage of bachelors unready to challenge a rival.
The Settlement of Trade Disputes
Authors: Mbengue Makane Moïse
Published: September 2016

This article examines the question of whether the wto enjoys a monopoly over the settlement of trade disputes by examining the historical context of the Dispute Settlement Understanding of the wto, including early dispute resolution under the gatt and the goal behind the transformation leading to the wto of curbing potential unilateralism within the trade regime. It argues that this culminated in the intention to create a centralized rule-based system for the settlement of disputes, rather than an intention to create a monopoly for the wto. The article examines potential threats to the so-called monopoly, in particular with the proliferation of Regional Trade Agreements (rtas) and the development of Mutually Agreed Solutions (mas). It also addresses relevant case law to demonstrate that the wto does not and was not intended to enjoy a monopoly over trade disputes. Rather, the wto pursues the objective of strengthening the multilateral trading system rather than encouraging unilateral trade action, which would not appear to be undermined by resort to the dispute settlement mechanisms of relevant rtas or other dispute settlement mechanisms.
The Scope of Appeal on Complementarity Issues before the icc
Authors: Kuczyńska Hanna
Published: September 2016

On 27 May 2015, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court (icc) issued a judgment on the appeal of Côte d’Ivoire against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber i of 11 December 2014 entitled “Decision on Côte d’Ivoire’s challenge to the admissibility of the case against Simone Gbagbo”. As a result of this decision, the path to prosecute Simone Gbagbo lies open. The Appeals Chamber confirmed the opinion expressed by the Pre-Trial Chamber that there were no obstacles in the form of national prosecutions which would exclude the icc’s jurisdiction pursuant to the principle of complementarity. This judgment is not only important from the point of view that the icc has found no basis to find the case inadmissible on the grounds of lack of complementarity, but even more so because of the procedural issues at stake. In this decision, solutions can be found that are crucial with regard to the scope and methods of appellate review before the icc.
Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes (Who is Guarding the Guardians)? – Decision Processes in the icc’s Offences Against the Administration of Justice
Authors: Kayuni Steven William
Published: September 2016

This article examines the legal framework and practice regarding offences against the administration of justice within the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. As the icc adds more investigations and prosecutions, offences against the administration of justice in the form of witness interference and tampering, false testimony presentations and misconduct by or against officials of the Court are becoming common ground or prevalent. The mechanism provided for in Articles 70 and 71 of the Rome Statute when read with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence (rpe) grants powers to investigate and prosecute such offences. Decision-making, legal interpretation and policy formulation have become a challenge. In tackling this, this article analyses the legislative formulation of these offences; it then focuses on the policy evolution and development of the practice of predecessor tribunals. In conclusion, the article suggests opportunities for the icc’s legal interpretation and policy alternatives regarding future trends in offences against the administration of justice.
Some Choreographic Notes on the Dance of Theory with Data
Authors: Chaney Marvin L.
Published: September 2016

This volume is a tour de force that exceeds any predecessor in its theoretical scope. Even more important than its intriguing syntheses are its probing questions, its analytical categories and tools, and its challenges to easy assumptions. Boer’s pursuit of theoretical integration, however, sometimes leads him to overgeneralize. He staunchly maintains, for example, that arable land was plentiful in all times and places in ancient Southwest Asia. Comprehensive archaeological surveys of the southern Levant tell a different story. The Iron ii population was more than double that of the Bronze Age or of Iron i. The highlands particularly witnessed the occupation of marginal niches. Population pressure on arable land was a reality in Iron ii Palestine. Similarly, the many standardized wine amphorae recovered from two eighth-century bce. Phoenician ships sunk off the Philistine coast contradict Boer’s repeated insistence that there is no evidence for long-distance trade in bulk goods.
Of Fields and Forced Labor
Authors: Sharp Carolyn J.
Published: September 2016

Biblical narratives about ostensibly “local” barter (Abraham’s purchase of the cave at Machpelah), protection of battle spoils (Achan’s theft and subsequent execution), and commodification of labor and bodies (Ruth gleaning for hours and offering herself to Boaz) reveal much about ideologies of economic control operative in ancient Israel. The materialist analysis of Roland Boer provides a richly detailed study of Israelite agrarian and tributary practices, offering a salutary corrective to naïve views of Israelite economic relations. Highlighting labor as the most ruthlessly exploited resource in the ancient Near East, Boer examines the class-specific benefits and sustained violence of economic formations from kinship-household relations to militarized extraction. Boer’s erudite study will compel readers to look afresh at the subjugation of the poor and plundering of the powerless as constitutive features of diverse economic practices throughout the history of ancient Israel.
Religion, Gender, and the Liberation of Bodies
Authors: Keefe Alice A.
Published: September 2016

This response to Roland Boer’s Sacred Economy of Ancient Israel focuses on the categories of religion and gender and how these relate to the issues of power politics and economic oppression in ancient Israel which Boer explores in detail. Concerning religion, Boer’s use of a Braudelian frame for reconstruction ancient Israelite religion is highlighted, and theoretical concerns regarding the materiality of religion are explored. Concerning gender, Boer’s attention to the symbolic links between political/military power and hegemonic masculinity are highlighted, and theoretical concerns about the origin of patriarchy in relation to the origin of private property are explored.
Sans âge, sans usage
Authors: Salado Régis
Published: September 2016

Are the categories of age and even of aging, understood as involving a progression in time, as determining as all that in Beckett’s oeuvre ? After questioning the ‘aging’ hypothesis, which seems too compromised by its realist view of human becoming, I shift perspective and contemplate how Beckettian characters, young or old, are ‘without use,’ a characteristic implying a form of resistance to the world.
Souvenirs à voir ou à entendre
Authors: Sardin Pascale
Published: September 2016

Among Beckett’s dramaticules, That Time emphasizes most strongly the desire of the elderly to tell their memories. Questioning our ability to listen, this dramaticule creates a disjunction between seeing and hearing – the former inviting an immediate enjoyment of meaning, the latter privileging resonance, sharing, and duration. In Robert Wilson’s production of Krapp’s Last Tape, the denial of aging is a consequence of his decision to let seeing dominate at the expense of hearing, and this choice leads us to bring up the question of the reparative function of theater.
Biomécanique de l’ attente
Authors: Sofia Gabriele
Published: September 2016

Experimental research conducted by Italian neuroscientists and actors showed that the practice of theater provides quantifiably beneficial effects on physical and mental mobility in pathological cases as well as in the aging process. Waiting for Godot will be used as an example of how the practice of theater can improve individual neurocognitive abilities.
Vieilles gens, jeune danse
Authors: Schenck Cécile
Published: September 2016

The presence of aging bodies on the choreographic scene nowadays is a challenge to the destructiveness of time, a vital impulse using the stubborn resistance of words and bodies to the “all gone” Beckett writes about in Worstward Ho. The reflection on the embodiment of passing time, and what it makes visible onstage, is linked to the more general issues of how to preserve the individual and collective memory of dance and how to represent our mortality.
Beckett ou la forteresse temporelle du médecin
Authors: Ouaknine Serge
Published: September 2016

Clinicians share with Beckett the experience of a temporal rupture. Diagnosis, prognosis, medical protocol : the clinician is locked in a fortress of functional time. There is little chance to empathize with the person once called the patient. In Beckett’s plays, characters are torn between their nostalgia for lost happy days and their fury at not attaining Godot’s timelessness. Beckett uses allegories, faltering words, and silence to express an uneasiness that strangely echoes the difficult relationship between clinicians and patients.
The Echoic Imagination
Authors: Kaushall Justin Neville
Published: September 2016

I argue that Samuel Beckett’s concept of imagination in the short story Echo’s Bones, written in 1933, may usefully provide an antidote to Adorno’s neglect of the same faculty in Aesthetic Theory. First, I discuss Adorno’s ideas concerning imagination and non-violent synthesis; second, I show how Echo’s Bones critically attends to these two concepts. In Beckett’s writing, the aesthetic imagination allows the reader to receive the work (without logical categories); to synthesize aesthetic material; and to transform tradition. Beckett’s concept of imagination is critical and receptive, and also shows how the artwork may unify historical and experiential material in the aesthetic object without coercion.
“Misery to Stay, Misery to Go”
Authors: Thoelen Thomas
Published: September 2016

This essay performs a close reading of the Ulysses-passage from Beckett’s Molloy (1951) from the double perspective of the Ulysses-story from canto 26 of Dante’s Inferno (1317) and Joyce’s Ulysses (1922). The argument is that Molloy’s reverse journey on the black boat of Ulysses bears a strong self-reflexive dimension in which is at stake Beckett’s artistic freedom in relation to Joyce.
Two new species of Gastrodia (Gastrodieae, Orchidaceae) endemic to New Zealand
Authors: LEHNEBACH CARLOS A. , ROLFE JEREMY R. , GIBBINS JASMINE , RITCHIE PETER
Published: September 2016

Two new species of Gastrodia, G. cooperae and G. molloyi are described. These species are endemic to New Zealand and can be distinguished from other New Zealand Gastrodia by the length of the column and the colour of the labellum tip. Gastrodia cooperae is known from only three localities and it is ranked as Threatened: Nationally Critical.