bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic selection and distributional bounds on search costs in dynamic unit‐demand models
Authors: Blevins Jason R. , Senney Garrett T.
Published: July 2019

This paper develops a dynamic model of consumer search that, despite placing very little structure on the dynamic problem faced by consumers, allows us to exploit intertemporal variation in price distributions to estimate the distribution from which consumer search costs are initially drawn. We show that static approaches to estimating this distribution may suffer from dynamic sample selection bias. This can happen if consumers are forward‐looking and delay their purchases in a way that systematically depends on their individual search costs. We consider identification of the population search cost distribution using only price data and develop estimable nonparametric upper and lower bounds on the distribution function, as well as a nonlinear least squares estimator for parametric models. We also consider the additional identifying power of weak, theoretical assumptions such as monotonicity of purchase probabilities in search costs. We apply our estimators to analyze the online market for two widely used econometrics textbooks. Our results suggest that static estimates of the search cost distribution are biased upwards, in a distributional sense, relative to the true population distribution. We illustrate this and other forms of bias in a small‐scale simulation study.
Normality tests for latent variables
Authors: Almuzara Martín , Amengual Dante , Sentana Enrique
Published: July 2019

We exploit the rationale behind the Expectation Maximization algorithm to derive simple to implement and interpret LM normality tests for the innovations of the latent variables in linear state space models against generalized hyperbolic alternatives, including symmetric and asymmetric Studentts. We decompose our tests into third and fourth moment components, and obtain one‐sided likelihood ratio analogues, whose asymptotic distribution we provide. When we apply our tests to a common trend model which combines the expenditure and income versions of US aggregate real output to improve its measurement, we reject normality if the sample period extends beyond the Great Moderation.
Effects of parental leave policies on female career and fertility choices
Authors: Yamaguchi Shintaro
Published: July 2019

This paper constructs and estimates a dynamic discrete choice structural model of female employment and fertility decisions that incorporates job protection and cash benefits of parental leave legislation. The structural model is used for ex ante evaluation of policies that change the duration of job protection and/or the arrangement for cash benefits. Counterfactual simulations indicate that introducing an initial 1‐year job protection policy increases maternal employment significantly, but extending the existing job protection period from 1 to 3 years has little effect. In addition, the employment effects of cash benefits seem modest. Overall, parental leave policies have little effect on fertility.
Whose Decision is it Anyways? The Changing Purchasing Patterns of Indian Families
Authors: Joshi Gauri , Sheorey Pratima
Published: July 2019

The latest Disney channel commercial for the Indian market depicts the move of Disney from being just a kid's channel to a family channel. This move signals the importance of “Families” in the Indian settings. In the Indian context, family has been traditionally considered an important decision-making unit with respect to purchasing products and services required for the household on a daily basis; however, there have not been in depth studies understanding the family as a decision unit and the changes this unit has witnessed since the opening of economy in 1990s. This article compares and contrasts the changing purchase decision making of millennial generation with their parents. Qualitative interviews are used to gather data for family decision making in addition to exclusive secondary sources of data like research papers, articles, and books on the Indian economy and the Indian family structure. Literature from the field of sociology and political science is also referred to, to understand the socio-political and socio-economic impacts on the consumer.
Age and Income as Drivers of Customers' Switching Perception in Indian Banking Industry
Authors: Dev Santosh
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to analyse the change in perception of customers of different age groups and different income groups towards interest rates and other charges in banks. The proposed model is tested on a sample of twenty banks in India and data analysis has been done with the help of various statistics tools. The results show that the customers' changing age and income brings about a change in their perception towards interest rates and other charges in the banks in India. The study contributes to the literature by providing insights about how banking services are perceived by customers. It also accomplishes the results for providing implication of managerial practice in banks in India. This may help bank management in designing different strategies for different age group and different income groups and help customers obtain improved service quality. The results provide platform for banks to provide products and services according to the levels and expectations of customers.
Analysis of the US Privacy Model
Authors: Martínez Francisco García
Published: July 2019

The creation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) constituted an enormous advance in data privacy, empowering the online consumers, who were doomed to the complete loss of control of their personal information. Although it may first seem that it only affects companies within the European Union, the regulation clearly states that every company who has businesses in the EU must be compliant with the GDPR. Other non-EU countries, like the United States, have seen the benefits of the GDPR and are already developing their own privacy laws. In this article, the most important updates introduced by the GDPR concerning US corporations will be discussed, as well as how American companies can become compliant with the regulation. Besides, a comparison between the GDPR and the state of art of privacy in the US will be presented, highlighting similarities and disparities at the national level and in states of particular interest.
Proposed Curriculum Guidelines for Masters Programs in EM With an IS Focus
Authors: Plotnick Linda , Hiltz S. Roxanne , Turoff Murray , Dugdale Julie
Published: July 2019

Information systems (IS) in emergency management (EM) support situational awareness and agility during a disaster so that professionals do not only need to follow rigid pre-defined plans that might be unsuitable in the unfolding situation. To use IS effectively, managers need an understanding of the capabilities of these systems; this can be achieved through an appropriate set of educational courses. This article presents the results of the analysis of a survey that proposed EM and IS courses for master level programs. The survey was completed by 373 practitioners, academics and/or researchers with EM experience. All proposed courses were rated above a 4 on a 7-point scale for how essential they are to a curriculum. A qualitative analysis indicates that some low ratings were due to disagreement over the described course content. An unexpected finding was that a substantial number of respondents spontaneously expressed opposition to the use of IS for EM in general. Findings are discussed and a preliminary curriculum is proposed.
Digital Skill Evolution in an Industrial Relationship
Authors: Aiello Lucia
Published: July 2019

Crowdsourcing is a powerful mechanism for doing online work and allows for collaboration. By now, in the media and in business on the Internet, crowdsourcing is recognized as an innovative form of value creation that needs taken seriously. This article provides a framework to propose the relation between crowds and tutorship; it considers the tutor of a crowd as a strategic professional figure in an online community. This is done by the consideration of the different roles, activities and tasks of a tutor through the field analysis of a platform of one company that uses crowdsourcing. This tutor is examined based on the middle-of-the-road theoretical positioned from Porter and Kramer, the value creation, and Suermann and Franzoni, the crows science user contribution patterns. The recently evolution of crowd platforms considers the interaction between companies and crowds based on a “Community of Practice” model of Zucchermaglio and Talamo. Value analysis also considers the differences in roles and tasks in relation to where crowd activity is placed into the value chain of company. In crowdsourcing, “digital people” live in a digital society where every individual has a role and operates in an online community, and those have force points and weakness points. The tutor cans also monitor these points, and push interaction and activities of the crowd. The main theoretical contribution is the looking gap in literature and contributing work to this. Through a qualitative analysis, this article provides evidence of the main activities and the role of digital tutors in an online community. The method utilized is netnography through an online participation and observation of a researcher. In this work, professional figures and new technologies are weighed, and human resource management must consider this as it creates value. This article concludes that a tutor of crowds has a positive behavior, they can stimulate crowds. These positive and active behaviors effect crowd attitudes about the benefits of the community, their expectations, and opinions all of which are fundamental for the growth of online community.
Schema-Based JSON Data Stores in Relational Databases
Authors: Irshad Lubna , Yan Li , Ma Zongmin
Published: July 2019

JSON is a simple, compact and light weighted data exchange format to communicate between web services and client applications. NoSQL document stores evolve with the popularity of JSON, which can support JSON schema-less storage, reduce cost, and facilitate quick development. However, NoSQL still lacks standard query language and supports eventually consistent BASE transaction model rather than the ACID transaction model. This is very challenging and a burden on the developer. The relational database management systems (RDBMS) support JSON in binary format with SQL functions (also known as SQL/JSON). However, these functions are not standardized yet and vary across vendors along with different limitations and complexities. More importantly, complex searches, partial updates, composite queries, and analyses are cumbersome and time consuming in SQL/JSON compared to standard SQL operations. It is essential to integrate JSON into databases that use standard SQL features, support ACID transactional models, and has the capability of managing and organizing data efficiently. In this article, we empower JSON to use relational databases for analysis and complex queries. The authors reveal that the descriptive nature of the JSON schema can be utilized to create a relational schema for the storage of the JSON document. Then, the powerful SQL features can be used to gain consistency and ACID compatibility for querying JSON instances from the relational schema. This approach will open a gateway to combine the best features of both worlds: the fast development of JSON, consistency of relational model, and efficiency of SQL.
A Study on Experimental Design Methods for the Automatic GMA Welding Process
Authors: Liang Zong Liang , Yun Tae Jong , Oh Won Bin , Lee Bo Ram , Kim Ill Soo
Published: July 2019

Generally, the welding parameters directly affect the weld forming and the joint performance. Because many parameters are involved in the automatic arc welding process, it is not realistic to use traditional experimental methods, such as full factorial design. Therefore, it is important to find out the good experimental design method to determine the welding parameters for optimal joint quality with a minimal number of experiments. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the effect of DOE (Design of Experiment) methods on bead width of mild steel parts welded by the automatic GMA (Gas Metal Arc) welding process. In this work, Taguchi method was used for studying the effect of the welding parameters on optimization of bead width, while Box-Behnken method was utilized to develop a mathematical model relating the bead width to welding parameters such as welding voltage, arc current, welding speed and CTWD (Contact Tip to Work Distance). The S/N (Signal-to-Noise) ratio and the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) were employed to find the optimal bead width. Confirmation tests were carried out to validate the effectiveness of the Taguchi method. The experimental results show that welding current mainly affected the bead width. The predicted bead width of 3.12mm was in good agreement with the confirmation tests. With the regression coefficient analysis in the Box-Behnken design, a relationship between bead width and four significant welding parameters was obtained. A second-order model has also been established between the welding parameters and the bead width as welding quality. The developed model is adequate to navigate the design space.
Effect of External Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Panels on Slabs Subjected to Impact Load
Authors: El Maghraby Yosra H. , Metwally Mohamed G.
Published: July 2019

The current research addresses the effect of impact load on Reinforced Concrete (RC) slabs strengthened by Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) and/ or Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) sheets. A total of five slabs were tested; one control specimen without EPS or GFRP, two slabs with two EPS panels with different densities on their impact side, one slab with GFRP sheet on impact side and finally one slab with EPS panel on impact side and GFRP on the tension side. To test the effect of the presence of EPS panels and GFRP sheets, the RC slabs were supported on a table centered below a drop tower. A weight of 3.245 kg was dropped freely from the drop tower to hit the slab. The energy that the slab could withstand was calculated based on the weight, height and number of drops. Results varied according to the variation of parameters; the combination of EPS on the impact side and GFRP on the tension side yielded double the energy the specimen could withstand compared to the control specimen. Results also showed that EPS acted like a cushion that is capable of absorbing a portion of the impact energy. Another finding is that the higher the density of the EPS the more energy it can absorb. This paper proves that EPS is a promising material that could be utilized in reducing the effects of impact loads on concrete structures.
Assembly and Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Dawi E.A. , Abdelkader A.
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the deposition and optical properties of charge-stabilized gold nanoparticles on silicon oxide substrates is studied, which have been derivatised with (aminopropyl) triemethoxysilane. Monodispersed charged-stabilized colloidal gold nanoparticles with diameters between 20-150 nm were prepared and their self-assembly and optical properties on silica substrates is studied. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is employed to investigate the nanoparticle monolayers ex situ. Analysis of AFM images provide evidence that the formation of the colloidal nanoparticle monolayers is governed by random sequential adsorption. The results indicate that the ionic strength of the suspension influences the spatial distribution of the nanoparticles. For all sizes of the Au nanoparticles tested, optical simulations of extinction coefficients made by finite-difference time domain (FDTD) indicate a resonance peak in the range of 510-600 nm wavelength of the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The results indicate a simple and inexpensive approach of assembly of plasmonic nanostructures that can find applications in metamaterials and light waveguides.
Characterization and Design of Honeycomb Absorbing Materials
Authors: Sun Hui Min , Chen Le , Gu Zhao Zhan
Published: July 2019

Honeycomb absorbing materials are anisotropic structural materials. Depending on the size of honeycomb lattices, the absorbent content of the impregnated layer is different, the thickness of the impregnated layer is different, and the absorbing function of the impregnated honeycomb absorbing materials is also different. For the characterization of electromagnetic parameters of honeycomb absorbing materials, this paper adopts free space method for testing, uses CST software for modeling, and inverts the electromagnetic parameters of honeycomb absorbing structures. The absorbing performance of single-layer and double-layer honeycomb sandwich structures was simulated by RAM Optimizer software. The research shows that the height of the single-layer honeycomb absorbing material is 22mm. When the absorber content is 65%, 75% and 85% respectively, the harmonic peak moves slightly to the low frequency electromagnetic wave with the increase of the absorber content, but the absorbing strength decreases with the increase of the absorber content. For the double-layer honeycomb sandwich structure, the difference of absorber content in the upper and lower honeycomb absorbing materials is smaller, and the absorbing performance is stronger. When the thickness of the wave-transparent panel is thinner, the harmonic peak of the absorbing curve moves slightly to the high frequency.
Optimization of energy consumption of a solar-electric dryer during hot air drying of tomato slices
Authors: Nwakuba Nnaemeka R.
Published: July 2019

High-energy demand of convective crop dryers has prompted study on optimization of dryer energy consumption for optimal and cost effective drying operation. This paper presents response surface optimization of energy consumption of a solar-electric dryer during hot air drying of tomato slices. Drying experiments were conducted with 1kg batch of tomato samples using a 33Central Composite Design (CCD) of Design Expert 7.0 Statistical Package. Three levels of air velocity (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0ms–1), slice thickness (10, 15 and 20mm) and air temperature (50, 60 and 70oC) were used to investigate their effects on energy consumption. A quadratic model was obtained with a high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9825. The model was validated using the statistical analysis of the experimental parameters and normal probability plot of the energy consumption residuals. Results obtained indicate that the process parameters had significant quadratic effects (p < 0.05) on the energy consumption. The energy consumption varied between 5.42kWh and 99.78kWh; whereas the specific energy consumption varied between 5.53kWhkg–1and 150.61kWhkg–1. The desirability index method was applied in predicting the ideal energy consumption and drying conditions for tomato slices in a solar-electric dryer. At optimum drying conditions of 1.94ms–1air velocity, 10.36mm slice thickness and 68.4oC drying air temperature, the corresponding energy consumption was 5.68kWh for maximum desirability index of 0.989. Thermal utilization efficiency (TUE) of the sliced tomato samples ranged between 15 ≤ TUE ≤ 58%. The maximum TUE value was obtained at 70oC air temperature, 1.0ms–1air velocity and 10mm slice thickness treatment combination, whereas the minimum TUE was obtained at 50oC air temperature, 2.0ms–1air velocity and 20mm slice thickness. Recommendation and prospect for further improvement of the dryer system were stated.
Colistin-resistant microorganisms and cystic fibrosis: microbiological surveillance in an Italian Children’s Hospital
Authors: Montemari Anna Lisa , Tuccio Guarna Assanti Vanessa , Linardos Giulia , Di Bonaventura Giovanni , Ricciotti Gabriella , Fiscarelli Ersilia Vita
Published: July 2019

Several advances in the medical field are often dependent on the ability to fight infections with the use of antibiotics, including joint replacements, organ transplants, and cancer therapy. The capacity of the bacteria to adapt to and escape from the mechanisms of action of antibiotics makes the antimicrobial resistance a serious public health problem worldwide. Polymyxin E colistin has rarely been used because of its nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. More recently, the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria as carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the re-evaluation of its pharmacokinetic properties have led to a resurgence of colistin as a treatment option, contributing to select resistant strains. Investigating the phenomenon of colistin-resistance in gram-negative bacteria, especially P. aeruginosa, is now mandatory, particularly after identification of a plasmid-mediated mechanism for the resistance to colistin (mcr) in Enterobacteriaceae strains, a mechanism transferable to other species. In this study, we investigated colistin-resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis patients in follow-up at Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù of Rome.
Investigation of physical and functional impairments experienced by people with active tuberculosis infection: A feasibility pilot study
Authors: Van Aswegen Heleen , Roos Ronel , McCree Melanie , Quinn Samantha , Mer Mervyn
Published: July 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant healthcare problem. Understanding physical and functional impairments that patients with active TB present with at the time of diagnosis and how these impairments change over time while they receive anti-TB therapy is important in developing appropriate rehabilitation programmes to optimise patients’ recovery.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability, implementation and practicality of conducting a prospective, observational and longitudinal trial to describe physical and functional impairments of patients with active TB.Method: A feasibility pilot study was performed. Patients with acute pulmonary TB admitted to an urban quaternary-level hospital were recruited. Physical (muscle architecture, mass and power, balance, and breathlessness) and functional (exercise capacity) outcomes were assessed in hospital, and at 6 weeks and 6 months post-discharge. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.Results: High dropout (n = 5; 41.7%) and mortality (n = 4; 33.3%) rates were observed. Limitations identified regarding study feasibility included participant recruitment rate, equipment availability and suitability of outcome measures. Participants’ mean age was 31.5 (9.1) years and the majority were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (n = 9; 75%). Non-significant changes in muscle architecture and power were observed over 6 months. Balance impairment was highlighted when vision was removed during testing. Some improvements in 6-minute walk test distance were observed between hospitalisation and 6 months.Conclusion: Success of a longitudinal observational trial is dependent on securing adequate funding to address limitations observed related to equipment availability, staffing levels, participant recruitment from additional study sites and participant follow-up at community level. Participants’ physical and functional recovery during anti-TB therapy seems to be limited by neuromusculoskeletal factors.
Gerald John Pillay’s prophetic role in the South African and New Zealand contexts
Authors: Hofmeyr Johannes W.
Published: July 2019

In this article, the question in focus is the church and Christianity’s prophetic responsibility towards society, and how in the specific case of the South African-born theologian Gerald John Pillay, his prophetic voice should be characterised. The question is addressed as to whether he was an activist at the barricades or a soft-spoken intellectual in his views on society. After a brief discussion on his bio, the focus is on the phenomenon of being a prophet towards society. Then, the focus, largely based on a literature study, moves to Pillay’s perspectives on the South African and New Zealand contexts, and then a discussion of some of Pillay’s writings on being a prophetic voice follows. Finally, in the conclusion, his specific style and model of being a prophetic voice are analysed.
Identifying accessible export opportunities for South Africa in South America
Authors: Jacobs Carli , Viviers Wilma , Steenkamp Ermie
Published: July 2019

Despite the surging demand for imports in South America in recent years, South Africa’s exports to the region have shown relatively low growth. A contributing factor is the prevalence of trade barriers between South Africa and various South American countries. The aim of this study is, firstly, to measure the trade barriers to South Africa’s exports to South America and, secondly, to identify high-potential export opportunities in the form of product-country combinations that can best surmount such barriers. The investigation, which uses a reconstructed Decision Support Model (DSM), reveals that Brazil, Argentina and Chile offer the greatest potential as export markets (in US$ terms) for South Africa, while the most promising product categories are transport-related goods, minerals, vegetables and chemicals. The results of this study should be a useful guide to South Africans planning export initiatives in South America.
Thuthuka students' perceptions of factors influencing success
Authors: De Jager Eloise
Published: July 2019

South Africa has a shortage of black (African and coloured) chartered accountants. The Thuthuka Project, initiated by the South African Institute for Chartered Accountants (SAICA), aims to increase the number of black accounting students. The Thuthuka Project includes funding, as well as a comprehensive support programme, for black students to study BCom Accounting (or equivalent) at a SAICA-accredited university. This article reports on research into the factors that promote and hinder the academic success of Thuthuka students. The findings of this study might help other students to achieve success and may assist in the transformation of the chartered accountancy profession. A questionnaire was used to gather data on the perceived success factors of Thuthuka students (from all the SAICA-accredited universities in South Africa). It was found that Thuthuka students believed that support was the main factor contributing to their success, followed by individual commitment.
Acute locking of the cervical spine - An analysis of fourteen incidents treated in a Johannesburg practice
Authors: David Helen
Published: July 2019

Thirteen patients with acute locking of the cervical spine were treated in a physiotherapy practice and their data were analysed. The patients were mostly adolescents and young adults of both sexes. The upper cervical spine was involved in most cases. The accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this clinical syndrome is described. This condition responds readily to specific mobilisation or manipulation techniques.
New labour legislation
Authors: Bizos Anna
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
The risk for malignancy using the Milan salivary gland classification categories: A 5-year retrospective review
Authors: Liang Christine A. , Liu Jing , Ogunniyi Jaiyeola Thomas , Zhu Hui , Zhang Songlin
Published: July 2019

Aims:

Since the six-tier Milan salivary gland classification has been introduced, there are very limited studies in literature reporting the risk stratification of the Milan classification.

Methods:

We retrospectively classified a total of 285 salivary gland cytology cases into Milan reporting categories; there were 23 (8.1%) nondiagnostic, 48 (16.8%) nonneoplastic, 19 (6.7%) atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), 138 (48.4%) benign neoplasm, 13 (4.6%) neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (NUMP), 8 (2.8%) suspicious for malignancy, and 36 (12.6%) malignant. Almost 110 cases (38.6%) had surgical follow-up resections.

Results:

The overall risk for malignancy (ROM) was 12.5% for AUS, 3.2% for benign neoplasm, 72.7% for NUMP, and 100% for the suspicious for malignancy and malignant. The ROM for nondiagnostic and nonneoplastic categories was not representative due to limited follow-up resections. The salivary cytology had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 93.0%, 100%, 100%, and 46.2% for neoplasm and 82.3%, 95.8%, 90.3%, and 92.0% for malignant.

Conclusion:

Our study supports the adaptation of the six-tier Milan classification for reporting salivary gland cytology, as well as emphasizing the utility of the NUMP category.
We Created Document Dysfunction
Authors: Paoli Jean
Published: July 2019

Some of us building software need to take a hard look in the mirror. For years, we have promised that technology would solve the world’s information management problems, but 85% of business information is still “dark data,” with potentially useful insights lost in a rising tide of disconnected documents, emails, Slack conversations, voice-to-text messages, etc. We need an effective approach to documents and want to start a public conversation about these issues. We believe that effective solutions should be based on: Declarative Markup; AI sympathetic to “Small Data”; focus on company-specific documents; applying AI to documents as a whole; and solutions that do not disrupt existing workflows or require massive investment. The future is not about AI making human beings obsolete; the future is about AI making human beings and companies more productive, effective, and creative
Explicit markup: a fool’s errand or the next big thing?
Authors: Usdin B. Tommie
Published: July 2019

In 1998, at a Balisage predecessor conference, Brian Reid told us we couldn’t have the world we wanted. XML wouldn’t deliver. He used twenty-year-old slides, slides that he had originally presented at a conference in 1981 to make his point. I still want the world that Brian Reid told us we could not have; I still want Brian Reid to have been wrong. I still believe that separating meaning from format will enable our documents to be displayed in many forms and media, that a markup format that makes hierarchy explicit makes complex documents tractable, that when content creators author in systems that make declarative markup visible and use the author’s knowledge to add value to their content, we will be able to make documents sing! And I have the twenty-year-old slides to prove it.
XProc 3.0
Authors: Walsh Norman , Berndzen Achim
Published: July 2019

XProc 3.0 is an XML pipeline language for constructing markup centric workflows. With a rich vocabulary of steps and modern control structures, it allows the author to easily build complex pipelines.
Akoma Ntoso
Authors: Vitali Fabio , Palmirani Monica
Published: July 2019

We present different techniques to manage customization of Akoma Ntoso XSD, an OASIS XML vocabulary for legal documents, using native elements, like  or , general elements, modules or tools.
One Document Does-it-all (ODD): a language for documentation, schema generation, and customization from the Text Encoding Initiative
Authors: Viglianti Raffaele
Published: July 2019

TEI, the Text Encoding Initiative, was founded in 1987 to develop guidelines for encoding machine-readable texts of interest to the humanities and social sciences. The TEI is a text-centric community of practice in the academic field of digital humanities, operating continuously since the 1980s. The community currently runs several mailing lists, holds an annual conference, and maintains an eponymous technical standard, an online journal, a wiki, a GitHub repository, and a toolchain. The TEI Guidelines, which collectively define an XML format, are the defining output of the community of practice. The format differs from other well-known open formats for text (such as HTML and OpenDocument) in that it’s main mission is for encoding “extant” texts such that they are amenable to scholarly processing. After a brief introduction to the TEI, we will discuss the mechanisms built in to the TEI for customization.
Customizing DocBook
Authors: Walsh Norman
Published: July 2019

DocBook is a general purpose XML vocabulary particularly well suited to books and papers about computer hardware and software (though it is by no means limited to these applications). DocBook has been under active maintenance for more than 20 years; it began life as an SGML document type definition. Because it is a large and robust schema, and because its main structures correspond to the general notion of what constitutes a “book,” DocBook has been adopted by a large and growing community of authors writing books of all kinds. After a brief introduction to DocBook, we will discuss the mechanisms built in to DocBook for customization.
The impact of visual media on social cognitive concept: The case of cultural object Ru (Korea)
Authors: Lee Hyuk-Jin
Published: July 2019

There have been very few studies explaining the theoretica l basis on the importance of visible cultural heritage. This study provides the philosophical background of this topic based on a phenomenological point of view and

explains the significant impact on social members’ cognition. The case of Ru, one of the traditional Korean building types, is introduced as a representative example; how its concept has been defined, changed, and forgotten in Korean culture. The importance of having a correct understanding of how cognition is composed of different types of experiences of cultural heritage is further explained. In this context, the importance of semantic mode and pictorial mode classified by Husserl is argued as the most powerful medium in human cognition based on phenomenological analysis. In this respect, the important role of Virtual Reality (VR) was highlighted. Considering the pace of recent technology and researches, breaking the barrier between experiencing the physical object and the VR may be a matter of time. Phenomenological classification of cultural heritage, which was designed for explaining all the types of cultural heritage, is introduced. The importance of developing a valid VR model and its role in cultural studies is emphasized via the phenomenological classification of cultural heritage. Finally, the balance of the inductive and deductive approach in a cultural study is suggested for more prolific and balanced achievements.

 

Highlights:

This article  provides  the  philosophical  background  of  the  importance  of visible  cultural  heritage  based  on the phenomenological point of view.

Significant impact on social members’ cognition of the  visible  cultural  heritage  is  discussed  in the  case  of  the traditional Korean building.

In this respect, the important role of Virtual Reality technology is highlighted.

 
El complejo termal monumental de la ciudad romana de Valeria: propuesta de reconstrucción virtual de sus ambientes fríos a la luz de los hallazgos arqueológicos.
Authors: Atienza Fuente Javier
Published: July 2019

The archaeological excavations carried out since 2014 at the Valeria site (Cuenca, Spain) have exhumed the remains of a thermal building built at the beginning of the 1st century A.D. The state of conservation is exceptionally good, with a height of walls that exceeds 3 m. This circumstance is due to the fact that the area in which the building is located was abandoned at the end of the 3rd century A.C. and its architectural structures were not subject of looting of construction materials.  Archaeological  excavations have exhumed  the  structures  belonging  to  two  different  rooms:  a  western  room, the frigidarium or  cold  room,  and  an  oriental  room  paved  with  polychrome  and  geometric  mosaics.  The frigidarium, excavated almost entirely, has, on the western side, a natatio or indoor pool with a series of steps or benches attached to the  northern  and  southern  flanks.  The  excavation  of  these  rooms  has  recovered  about  a  thousand  marble  pieces  of different  typologies  and  provenances  that  were  part  of  both  the  paving  and  parietal  coatings,  as  well  as  abundant remains of mosaics and wall paintings that show the decorative richness of this space. The presence of glazed windows has also been proven due to the recovery of numerous fragments of glass, some of them still with remnants of lead. For all  these  results,  a  virtual  reconstruction  of  the frigidarium is  proposed,  counting  as  base  data  with  the  conclusions derived from the study of the elements conserved in situ and those recovered in a controlled archaeological context. For the realization  of  the  virtual  recreation  have  been  used  textures,  tonalities  and  decorative  motifs  taken  from  the archaeological remains.
A 4D information system for the exploration of multitemporal images and maps using photogrammetry, web technologies and VR/AR
Authors: Maiwald Ferdinand , Bruschke Jonas , Lehmann Christoph , Niebling Florian
Published: July 2019

This contribution shows the comparison, investigation, and implementation of different access strategies on multimodal data. The first part of the research is structured as a theoretical part opposing and explaining the terms of conventional access, virtual archival access, and virtual museums while additionally referencing related work. Especially, issues that still persist in repositories like the ambiguity or missing of metadata is pointed out. The second part explains the practical implementation of a workflow from a large image repository to various four-dimensional applications. Mainly, the filtering of images and in the following, the orientation of images is explained. Selection of the relevant images is partly done manually but also with the use of deep convolutional neural networks for image classification. In the following, photogrammetric methods are used for finding the relative orientation between image pairs in a projective frame. For this purpose, an adapted Structure from Motion (SfM) workflow is presented, in which the step of feature detection and matching is replaced by the Radiant-Invariant Feature Transform (RIFT) and Matching On Demand with View Synthesis (MODS). Both methods have been evaluated on a benchmark dataset and performed superior than other approaches. Subsequently, the oriented images are placed interactively and in the future automatically in a 4D browser application showing images, maps, and building models Further usage scenarios are presented in several Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications. The new representation of the archival data enables spatial and temporal browsing of repositories allowing the research of innovative perspectives and the uncovering of historical details.

Highlights:

Strategies for a completely automated workflow from image repositories to four-dimensional (4D) access approaches.

The orientation of historical images using adapted and evaluated feature matching methods.

4D access methods for historical images and 3D models using web technologies and Virtual Reality (VR)/Augmented Reality (AR).

 
Virtual museum enriched by GIS data to share science and culture. Church of Saint Stephen in Umm Ar-Rasas (Jordan)
Authors: Malinverni Eva Savina , Pierdicca Roberto , Di Stefano Francesco , Gabrielli Roberto , Albiero Alessandra
Published: July 2019

Umm ar-Rasas is a Jordan archaeological site, located 30 km southeast of the city of Madaba, in the northern part of Wadi Mujib. It preserves findings dating back the period from the end of 3rd to the 9th century AD and, since 2004, it belongs to the world heritage list of UNESCO. In 2015 a multidisciplinary work was undertaken over the archaeological site, mainly focusing on the Church of Saint Stephen, with the main purpose of enhancing the knowledge and documenting the conservation state of the polychrome mosaic floor, which covers the entire surface of the hall and presbytery. A huge amount of data has been collected, coming from archaeological and historical investigations, geophysics and geodetic inspections and geomatics surveying, which produced also a true orthophoto of the mosaic floor. Data has been organized in a geo-database, facilitating the exchange of information between different actors. Moreover, the management of data within a dedicated Geographic Information System (GIS), has allowed in-depth analysis for understanding the evolution of the iconographic repertoire that, over the centuries, has undergone several disfigurements due to the iconoclastic age. The knowledge of the mosaic has also been vital for the implementation of multimedia applications and for the creation of virtual experiences, in which the information can be conveyed and visualized directly on the virtual reconstruction of the whole archaeological site. The innovation of the proposed work, is therefore in the management of a data flow that can be exploited by different actors through different platforms: experts, thanks to the use of GIS, and visitors with the use of multimedia applications (such as Augmented Reality (AR) or highresolution web visualization) for dissemination purposes, in order to preserve this priceless mankind heritage.

Highlights:

Definition of a complete pipeline ranging from data acquisition to visualization in multi-channel multimedia applications.

Management of heterogeneous data in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their exploitation in Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR).

GIS applied to the archaeological domain for expert and non-expert users.
Extended reality and informative models for the architectural heritage: from scan-to-BIM process to virtual and augmented reality
Authors: Banfi Fabrizio , Brumana Raffaella , Stanga Chiara
Published: July 2019

The dissemination of the tangible and intangible values of heritage building represents one of the most important objectives in the field of Digital Cultural Heritage (DCH). In recent years, different studies and research applied to heritage monuments have shown how it is possible to improve the awareness of the architectural heritage through the integration of latest developments in the field of 3D survey, 3D modelling, Building Information Modeling (BIM) and eXtended Reality (XR). On the other hand, this digital workflow requires a huge amount of data sources and a holistic approach to reach a high level of information sharing coming from different disciplines and sectors such as restoration, geomatics, 3D virtual museums and serious gaming. In conjunction with entertainment software and gaming, this research shows the main results obtained during the generative process of digital environments oriented to improve the level of information and to enrich the contents coming from the informative models. The case study is represented by one of the most important Lombard monuments: the Basilica of Sant’Ambrogio in Milan. This study, starting from the 3D survey and the data collection of the historical records of the church, improves the creation of an XR experience that reaches a new level of interactivity for different types of devices (desktop, mobile, VR headset) and users (experts, non-experts).

Highlights:

Generative modelling requirements and novel grades of generations (GOG) and accuracy (GOA) are presented in order to improve the digitisation of built heritage from the 3D survey, reducing time and costs of the scan-to-BIM process.

The holistic value of generative modelling allows experts to create digital worlds able to faithfully and accurately represent the detected reality and improve new immersive environments for Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) projects.

Immersive environments are created with a mixture of the latest generation software and hardware, allowing users to discover the hidden historical values of built heritage with new levels of interactivity and information.
Análise da erosão laminar em áreas com uso agrícola e pastagem: bacia hidrográfica do rio Tenente Amaral – MT
Authors: Jesuz Cleberson Ribeiro de , Cabral Ivaniza De Lourdes Lazzarotto
Published: July 2019

O sistema hidrográfico do rio Tenente Amaral tem a sua área inserida nas unidades morfoesculturais da Depressão Interplanáltica de Rondonópolis e do Planalto e Chapada dos Guimarães. O trabalho apresenta os resultados do monitoramento de deslocamento de material por erosão superficial em dois experimentos situados em área de pastagem e agricultura durante o período de setembro de 2013 a agosto de 2014 na morfoescultura de Planalto. No período a área com agricultura apresentou um acumulado de 7.026 mm de precipitação, e taxa de material erodido de 347,8 g/l, totalizando 24,18 kg/m²/ano. Enquanto, a pastagem teve volumes de 6.667 mm, taxa de material erodido de 215,8 g/l, e total de material erodido de 25,91 kg/m²/ano. Em ambas as áreas o tipo de material deslocado está representado pela areia em primeiro lugar, seguida pela argila e, em menor volume, o silte.
Estimativa da evapotranspiração em área urbana através de imagens digitais TM - Landsat 5
Authors: Mariz Moreira Elvis Bergue , Silva Nóbrega Ranyére , Barbosa da Silva Bernardo , Pessoa Ribeiro Eberson
Published: July 2019

A evapotranspiração (ET)  exerce grande relevância no arrefecimento da temperatura do ar e contribui com o equilíbrio climático em área urbana. Entretanto, o conhecimento das taxas de ET voltados para esta finalidade apresentam-se limitados no campo da pesquisa. Diante disto, esse trabalho objetivou estimar a evapotranspiração na cidade do Recife - PE, visando analisar as diferenças intraurbanas nos diversos tipos de coberturas. Foram utilizadas seis imagens digitais do sensor TM - Landsat 5 referente à órbita 214 e pontos 65, 66. A densidade dos fluxos de calor sensível, e calor latente foram calculados com base no algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land). Os resultados encontrados na ET estimada apresentaram-se coerentes quando comparados com os valores obtidos pelo método da FAO-Penman-Monteith, com erros absolutos entre 0,18 e 1,23 mm d-1, mínimo e máximo respectivamente e média de 0,86 mm d-1. As maiores taxas evapotranspirativas foram encontradas nas unidades de conservação e corpos hídricos entre 5,0 e 6,0 mm d-1, aproximadamente, enquanto nas superfícies com intenso adensamento construtivo valores próximos de 1,0 mm d-1. A metodologia utilizada representou de forma consistente os diversos tipos de coberturas, podendo promover um avanço significativo no monitoramento do clima urbano.
Challenges in retrieving stratospheric aerosol extinction and particle size from ground-based RMR-LIDAR observations
Authors: Zalach Jacob , von Savigny Christian , Langenbach Arvid , Baumgarten Gerd , Lübken Franz-Josef , Bourassa Adam
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We report on the retrieval of stratospheric aerosol particle size and extinction coefficient profiles from multi-color backscatter measurements with the Rayleigh-Mie-Raman lidar operated at the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR) in northern Norway. The retrievals are based on a two-step approach. In a first step the median radius of an assumed log-normal particle size distribution with fixed width is retrieved based on the color ratio formed from the measured backscatter ratios at wavelenghts of 1064 nm and 532 nm. An intrinsic ambiguity of the retrieved aerosol size information is discussed. In a second step, this particle size information is used to convert the measured lidar backscatter ratio to aerosol extinction coefficients. The retrieval is currently based on monthly-averaged lidar measurements covering the period from the year 2000 to present. A sensitivity study is presented that allows establishing an error budged for the aerosol retrievals. Assuming a log-normal aerosol particle size distribution with a geometric width of S = 1.3, median radii on the order of 100 nm are retrieved. The median radii are found to generally decrease with increasing altitude. The retrieved aerosol extinction profiles are compared to observations with various current and past satellite instruments.