bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic association study of common variants in TGFB1 and IL-6 with developmental dysplasia of the hip in Han Chinese population
Authors: Ma Wenlong , Zha Zhuqing , Chen Ke , Chen Honggan , Wu Yixin , Ma Jianbing , Zeng Sixiang , Zhi Liqiang , Yao Shuxin
Published: August 2017

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a congenital or developmental deformation or misalignment of the hip joint that is affected by environmental and genetic factors. Recently, polymorphisms in both TGFB1 and IL-6 have been identified as being significantly associated with hip osteoarthritis in Caucasians. In this study, we conducted a case-control study involving 4,206 Han Chinese individuals to investigate the effects of TGFB1 and IL-6 on the disease status and severity of DDH. A total of 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected to ensure coverage of the two genetic loci. We found SNP rs1800470 in TGFB1 (OR = 1.255, P = 0.0004) and rs1800796 (OR = 0.84, P = 0.0228) in IL-6 to be significantly associated with DDH in this cohort. Further haplotype-based analysis replicated this significant result. Another SNP in IL-6, rs1800796, showed a marginally significant association with DDH. As a non-synonymous SNP, rs1800470 alters the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide encoded by TGFB1; however, bioinformatics analyses revealed that this SNP has limited functional significance. No significant results were obtained in an association study focusing on the severity of DDH and epistasis analysis. Our findings support an important role for TGFB1 in the risk of DDH. Further research is needed to validate the weak association between rs1800796 in IL-6 and DDH.
ERRα regulates the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells via S6K1-dependent mechanism
Authors: Berman Adi Y , Manna Subrata , Schwartz Naomi S , Katz Yardena E , Sun Yang , Behrmann Catherine A , Yu Jane J , Plas David R , Alayev Anya , Holz Marina K
Published: August 2017

Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear factor that is a master regulator of cellular energy metabolism. ERRα is overexpressed in a variety of tumors, including ovarian, prostate, colorectal, cervical and breast, and is associated with a more aggressive tumor and a worse outcome. In breast cancer, specifically, high ERRα expression is associated with an increased rate of recurrence and a poor prognosis. Because of the common functions of ERRα and the mTORC1/S6K1 signaling pathway in regulation of cellular metabolism and breast cancer pathogenesis, we focused on investigating the biochemical relationship between ERRα and S6K1. We found that ERRα negatively regulates S6K1 expression by directly binding to its promoter. Downregulation of ERRα expression sensitized ERα-negative breast cancer cells to mTORC1/S6K1 inhibitors. Therefore, our results show that combinatorial inhibition of ERRα and mTORC1/S6K1 may have clinical utility in treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, and warrants further investigation.
Counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wu Jihuai , Lan Zhang , Lin Jianming , Huang Miaoliang , Huang Yunfang , Fan Leqing , Luo Genggeng , Lin Yu , Xie Yimin , Wei Yuelin
Published: August 2017

This article panoramically reviews the counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells, which is of great significance for the development of photovoltaic and photoelectric devices.
Multiplexed photoluminescent sensors: towards improved disease diagnostics
Authors: He Xiao-Peng , Hu Xi-Le , James Tony D. , Yoon Juyoung , Tian He
Published: August 2017

This tutorial review highlights the development of multiplexed photoluminescent sensors which can simultaneously detect multiple and diverse biomarkers that exist in a homogenous solution or a single cell, accelerating the progress towards precise disease diagnostics.
Molecularly imprinted polymer-coated paper as a substrate for highly sensitive analysis using paper spray mass spectrometry: quantification of metabolites in urine
Authors: Mendes Thais P. P. , Pereira Igor , Ferreira Marcella Rodrigues , Chaves Andréa Rodrigues , Vaz Boniek Gontijo
Published: August 2017

Molecularly imprinted polymer-coated paper substrate was used for highly sensitive analysis using paper spray mass spectrometry.
Influence of precursor porosity on sodium and sulfur promoted iron/carbon Fischer–Tropsch catalysts derived from metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Oschatz M. , Krause S. , Krans N. A. , Hernández Mejía C. , Kaskel S. , de Jong K. P.
Published: August 2017

Metal–organic frameworks with varying porosity are used as precursors for the synthesis of carbon-supported iron catalysts for synthesis gas conversion.
Optimized FTO seeding enables the growth of highlyefficient Ta-doped TiO2 nanorod photoanodes
Authors: Schneider Christopher , Liu Ning , Schmuki Patrik
Published: August 2017

Rutile seeding enables the hydrothermal growth of tantalum doped rutile nanorods with enhanced photochemical water splitting rates on FTO.
Exploiting Le Chatelier's principle for a one-pot synthesis of nontoxic HHogGNPs with the sharpest nanoscopic features suitable for tunable plasmon spectroscopy and high throughput SERS sensing
Authors: Bhattacharya M. , Mazov V. , Satpati B. , Jena P. , Das Chakraborty S. , Kumar S. , Pathak B. , Kuznetsov D. V. , Senapati D.
Published: August 2017

Le Chatelier's principle leads to the generation of nontoxic, stable and highly anisotropic HHogGNPs.
Revealing the hydrothermal crystallization mechanism of ilmenite-type sodium niobate microplates: the roles of potassium ions
Authors: Gu Qilin , Lu Wanheng , Sun Qiaomei , Zhu Kongjun , Wang Jing , Liu Jinsong , Zhang Jianhui , Zeng Kaiyang , Wang John
Published: August 2017

The roles of K ions in the hydrothermal crystallization process of plate-like NaNbO3 microcrystals were revealed.
A DFT study on the aldol condensation reaction on MgO in the process of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene: understanding the structure–activity relationship
Authors: Fan Dan , Dong Xiuqin , Yu Yingzhe , Zhang Minhua
Published: August 2017

The mechanism of aldol condensation on MgO surfaces with different structures was investigated to illustrate the structure–activity relationship.
Correction: First-principles study of single transition metal atoms on ZnO for the water gas shift reaction
Authors: Gu Xiang-Kui , Huang Chuan-Qi , Li Wei-Xue
Published: August 2017

Correction for ‘First-principles study of single transition metal atoms on ZnO for the water gas shift reaction’ by Xiang-Kui Gu et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00704c.
Anionic cyclometallated Pt(ii) square-planar complexes: new sets of highly luminescent compounds
Authors: Ricciardi Loredana , La Deda Massimo , Ionescu Andreea , Godbert Nicolas , Aiello Iolinda , Ghedini Mauro
Published: August 2017

Novel anionic Pt(ii) complexes were synthesized, displaying an outstanding enhancement of the emission efficiency in the solid state.
Methylation of Ir(iii)-tetrazolato complexes: an effective route to modulate the emission outputs and to switch to antimicrobial properties
Authors: Fiorini Valentina , Zanoni Ilaria , Zacchini Stefano , Costa Anna Luisa , Hochkoeppler Alejandro , Zanotti Valerio , Ranieri Anna Maria , Massi Massimiliano , Stefan Alessandra , Stagni Stefano
Published: August 2017

The conversion of neutral to cationic Ir(iii) tetrazolato complexes enables the red-shift of emission and the switch-on of antibacterial properties against Gram(+) D. radiodurans.
Li3Co1.06(1)TeO6: synthesis, single-crystal structure and physical properties of a new tellurate compound with CoII/CoIIImixed valence and orthogonally oriented Li-ion channels
Authors: Heymann Gunter , Selb Elisabeth , Kogler Michaela , Götsch Thomas , Köck Eva-Maria , Penner Simon , Tribus Martina , Janka Oliver
Published: August 2017

Independent and interpenetrating Li/O and (Co,Te)/O substructures without a honeycomb-like ordering of CoO6and TeO6octahedra were observed in Li3Co1.06(1)TeO6.
Identification of a potent kinase inhibitor targeting EML4-ALK fusion protein in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Luo Lian-Xiang , Li Ying , Niu Yu-Zhen , Wang Yu-Wei , Wang Qian-Qian , Fan Xing-Xing , Xu Jia-Hui , Liu Liang , Leung Elaine Lai-Han , Yao Xiao-Jun
Published: August 2017

Herein, we reported 5067-0952, a potent ALK inhibitor with pharmacological efficacy in non-small cell lung cancers harboring the ALK fusion oncogene.
Oxidative C–H functionalization of N-carbamoyl 1,2-dihydroquinolines
Authors: Liu Ziqiang , Chen Lei , Li Jing , Liu Ke , Zhao Jiaqi , Xu Mengmeng , Feng Lei , Wan Ren-zhong , Li Wei , Liu Lei
Published: August 2017

A modular and efficient method for the synthesis of α-substituted 1,2-dihydroquinolines through an oxidative C–H functionalization strategy is described.
Why can a gold salt react as a base?
Authors: Anania Mariarosa , Jašíková Lucie , Jašík Juraj , Roithová Jana
Published: August 2017

A new mass-spectrometry method allows monitoring the key role of the gold–gold interaction in the transformation of gold salts to bases.
N-Heterocyclic olefins as initiators for the polymerization of (meth)acrylic monomers: a combined experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Naumann Stefan , Mundsinger Kai , Cavallo Luigi , Falivene Laura
Published: August 2017

The scope and mechanism of N-heterocyclic olefin-initiated polymerizations of acrylic monomers is investigated, including deactivation pathways.
Investigation on the self-assembled behaviors of C18unsaturated fatty acids in arginine aqueous solution
Authors: Wang Yuxian , Jiang Ling , Shen Qinke , Shen Jian , Han Yuwang , Zhang Hongman
Published: August 2017

Self-assembled behaviors of UFAs in arginine solution have provided a theoretical basis for the application of two functional molecules in drug delivery.
Correlation of montmorillonite exfoliation with interlayer cations in the preparation of two-dimensional nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Xian , Yi Hao , Bai Haoyu , Zhao Yunliang , Min Fanfei , Song Shaoxian
Published: August 2017

Varying exfoliation properties of Na– and Ca–MMTs were first investigated through AFM and molecular dynamics simulation.
Two-field surface pattern control via marginally stable magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Psarra Erato , Bodelot Laurence , Danas Kostas
Published: August 2017

The stability and post-bifurcation of a non-linear magnetoelastic film/substrate block is experimentally exploited to obtain active control of surface roughness.
Detecting and Learning New Words: The Impact of Advancing Age and Hearing Loss
Authors: Pittman Andrea L. , Stewart Elizabeth C. , Odgear Ian S. , Willman Amanda P.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Lexical acquisition was examined in children and adults to determine if the skills needed to detect and learn new words are retained in the adult years. In addition to advancing age, the effects of hearing loss were also examined.

Method

Measures of word recognition, detection of nonsense words within sentences, and novel word learning were obtained in quiet for 20 children with normal hearing and 21 with hearing loss (8–12 years) as well as for 15 adults with normal hearing and 17 with hearing loss (58–79 years). Listeners with hearing loss were tested with and without high-frequency acoustic energy to identify the type of amplification (narrowband, wideband, or frequency lowering) that yielded optimal performance.

Results

No differences were observed between the adults and children with normal hearing except for the adults' better nonsense word detection. The poorest performance was observed for the listeners with hearing loss in the unaided condition. Performance improved significantly with amplification to levels at or near that of their counterparts with normal hearing. With amplification, the adults performed as well as the children on all tasks except for word recognition.

Conclusions

Adults retain the skills necessary for lexical acquisition regardless of hearing status. However, uncorrected hearing loss nearly eliminates these skills.
Development of Phase Locking and Frequency Representation in the Infant Frequency-Following Response
Authors: Van Dyke Katlyn B. , Lieberman Rachel , Presacco Alessandro , Anderson Samira
Published: August 2017

Purpose

This study investigates the development of phase locking and frequency representation in infants using the frequency-following response to consonant–vowel syllables.

Method

The frequency-following response was recorded in 56 infants and 15 young adults to 2 speech syllables (/ba/ and /ga/), which were presented in randomized order to the right ear. Signal-to-noise ratio and F
sp
analyses were used to verify that individual responses were present above the noise floor. Thirty-six and 39 infants met these criteria for the /ba/ or /ga/ syllables, respectively, and 31 infants met the criteria for both syllables. Data were analyzed to obtain measures of phase-locking strength and spectral magnitudes.

Results

Phase-locking strength to the fine structure in the consonant–vowel transition was higher in young adults than in infants, but phase locking was equivalent at the fundamental frequency between infants and adults. However, frequency representation of the fundamental frequency was higher in older infants than in either the younger infants or adults.

Conclusion

Although spectral amplitudes changed during the first year of life, no changes were found with respect to phase locking to the stimulus envelope. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining these measures of phase locking and fundamental pitch strength in infants as young as 2 months of age.
Respiratory and Laryngeal Changes With Vocal Loading in Younger and Older Individuals
Authors: Sundarrajan Anusha , Huber Jessica E. , Sivasankar M. Preeti
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of age and vocal loading on the respiratory and laryngeal systems.

Method

Fourteen younger (M= 20 years) and 13 older (M= 75 years) healthy individuals participated in a 40-min vocal loading challenge in the presence of 70-dB background noise. Respiratory kinematic and laryngeal measurements were obtained before and after the challenge.

Results

Following the loading challenge, participants in both groups reported greater speaking effort. Sound pressure level increased in the older group and decreased in the younger group after loading. Younger adults, but not older adults, used lower lung volume initiations and higher lung volume terminations after loading. Cepstral peak prominence increased with loading in both groups, but this change was of small magnitude and not clinically significant.

Conclusions

The negative effects of loading were observed in respiratory and laryngeal measures, although the pattern of changes differed across the groups. These data increase our knowledge of underlying respiratory and laryngeal physiological changes following a loading challenge and may reflect some of the physiologic mechanisms underlying vocal fatigue.
Passively Q‐switched O‐band praseodymium doped fluoride fibre laser with PVA/graphene based SA
Authors: Ahmad H. , Aidit S.N. , Thambiratnam K. , Tiu Z.C.
Published: August 2017

A 1.3 μm Q‐switched fibre laser using a praseodymium doped fluoride fibre and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/graphene based saturable absorber (SA) is proposed and demonstrated. Stable Q‐switched outputs are obtained over a pumping range between 472.4 and 567.2 mW at 1.02 μm. A pulse repetition rate and pulse width of 34.86 kHz and 3.50 μs, respectively, is obtained at a maximum pump power of 567.2 mW along with an average output power of 25 µW and output energy of 0.73 nJ. The Q‐switched pulses have a 1.8 nm full width at half maximum and 32 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Secure EE maximisation in green CR: guaranteed SC
Authors: Zhou Fuhui , Wang Yuhao , Qin Dong , Wang Yingjiao , Wu Yuhang
Published: August 2017

Physical‐layer security from an energy‐efficient perspective is of crucial importance in cognitive radio (CR). A CR network is considered where a secondary user (SU) coexists with a primary user in the presence of an eavesdropper and channel fading. Secure energy efficiency (EE) maximisation problems are formulated in secure green CR based on the condition that a minimum secrecy capacity (SC) of a SU is guaranteed. A peak interference power constraint and an average (ATP)/peak transmit power (PTP) constraint are imposed in the SU's Tx. Using fractional programming and the Lagrange dual method, energy‐efficient optimal power allocation strategies are proposed to efficiently solve the secure EE maximisation problems. It is shown that the secure EE of the SU achieved under the ATP constraint is higher than that obtained under the PTP constraint. The tradeoff is elucidated between the secure EE and the SC of the SU.
GPS spoofing effect on phase angle monitoring and control in a real‐time digital simulator‐based hardware‐in‐the‐loop environment
Authors: Konstantinou Charalambos , Sazos Marios , Musleh Ahmed S. , Keliris Anastasis , Al‐Durra Ahmed , Maniatakos Michail
Published: August 2017

In recent years, cyber‐physical system (CPS) applications have been extensively utilised in the electric power grid to enable wide‐area protection, control, and monitoring of power systems. Many of these applications in a smart grid CPS depend on reliable time synchronisation. For example, synchrophasor data from geographically distributed phasor measurement units (PMU) utilise global positioning system (GPS) for precise timing. However, these units are exposed to GPS time spoofing attacks that can lead to inaccurate monitoring and trigger unnecessary, and possibly destabilising, remedial control actions. The authors develop an end‐to‐end case study demonstrating the effect of GPS spoofing attacks on the phase angle monitoring and control functions of a PMU‐based load shedding scheme. The evaluation of authors attack strategy is performed in a hardware‐in‐the‐loop real‐time digital simulator‐enabled power system testbed.
Event‐triggered non‐fragile filtering of linear systems with a structure separated approach
Authors: Yan Shen , Shen Mouquan , Che Wei‐Wei , Zhang Guangming
Published: August 2017

Considering filter gains with additive interval variations, this study is devoted to the non‐fragile filtering of linear systems with an event‐triggered transmission. To take into account the influence of these variations thoroughly, a structured vertex separator is adopted to alleviate the computation burden. Combining the Finsler lemma, conditions of designing the non‐fragile filter to ensure the required performance are formed by linear matrix inequalities. Compared to the norm‐bounded method to handle the variations, the proposed method could provide less conservative results. Simulations are executed to show the validity of the proposed method.
Adaptive neural dynamic surface control of output constrained non‐linear systems with unknown control direction
Authors: Zhang Sainan , Tang Zhongliang , Ge Shuzhi Sam , He Wei
Published: August 2017

This study investigates the adaptive neural dynamic surface control (DSC) of output constrained non‐linear systems, subject to unknown system dynamics and uncertain control direction. A Nussbaum‐type dynamic gain algorithm is used to handle the effect of unknown control direction. Integral barrier Lyapunov functions (iBLFs) are directly utilised to tackle the effect of output constraint. The prominent feature of iBLFs is that the feasible initial output signals are relaxed to the whole constraint range compared with pure tracking errors‐based barrier Lyapunov function. Also, the DSC technology is developed to avoid the explosion of complexity in traditional control design, and adaptive neural networks are adopted to estimate the uncertainty that comprises the unknown system dynamics and parametric uncertainties. By utilising Lyapunov synthesis, it is proven that the proposed control is able to guarantee semi‐global uniformly ultimately bounded of all signals in the closed‐loop system. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Dominant low‐frequency oscillation modes tracking and parameter optimisation of electrical power system using modified Prony method
Authors: Xia Xin , Li Chaoshun , Ni Wei
Published: August 2017

The low‐frequency oscillation has become one of the most threatening problems of the electrical power system in the past few decades. The traditional Prony analysis method is seriously affected by noise and order estimation which cannot get the dominant oscillation sometime. A singular value decomposition‐difference differential method is proposed for order estimation of Prony mode. A parameter optimisation method based on interior point method is also proposed eliminating the noise effects on dominant model parameters. The proposed method has a fairly good property in noise suppression and dominant oscillation mode tracking. The suitability of the proposed method had been demonstrated in the simulation and case study.
Dynamic demand response in smart buildings using an intelligent residential load management system
Authors: Arun Saravana Loganathan , Selvan Manickavasagam Parvathy
Published: August 2017

In a smart grid environment, the utilities, which electric power distribution companies with different pricing strategies, are interested in demand side management (DSM) schemes to achieve reduction in peak demand. Utilities provide additional benefits and encourage the consumers to have direct interaction with the grid by actively participating in DSM programs. An intelligent residential load management system (IRLMS) is proposed for consumers to attain reduction in electricity bill and avail more incentive from the utility by responding to their DSM schemes. The IRLMS attempts to reduce the electricity bill and maintain the total load under maximum demand limit by scheduling the schedulable loads while considering the operating dynamics of non‐schedulable loads. The IRLMS scheduler is built with two different techniques, namely priority‐based scheduling algorithm and optimisation‐based scheduling algorithm for different utility tariff methods such as flat rate tariff and real time pricing, respectively. The IRLMS model is implemented in MATLAB and the results illustrate significant benefits for both consumers and utility.
Correlation characteristics between gas pressure and SF6 decomposition under negative DC partial discharge
Authors: Tang Ju , Yang Dong , Zeng Fuping , Tang Bowen , Li Ke , Yao Qiang , Miao Yulong
Published: August 2017

Aimed to clarify the correlation characteristics between the internal partial discharge (PD) in the negative direct current (DC) gas‐insulated system (GIS) and gas pressure, and to establish an insulation fault diagnosis method based on decomposition component analysis, this study on PD decomposition of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) was conducted under different pressures on the basis of constructing a SF6 decomposition experimental platform under DC PD. A stainless steel needle‐plate electrode was used to simulate the insulation defects of metal protrusions in GIS. SOF2, SO2 F2, CO2, SO2, and CF4 data generated from SF6 decomposition were obtained under different pressures. The variation law of component concentration and effective characteristic ratio with pressure were analysed in detail. In addition, a mathematical formula for pressure and decomposition components was deduced according to gas micro‐ionisation theory. The effective content and formation rate were defined to validate the relationship. Results show that the concentration of SF6 decomposition components decreased gradually with increasing pressure with a strong regularity. Furthermore, the relationship between pressure and component concentration derived from the theory can explain the relationship between the effective content of SF6 decomposition components and the effective formation rate and pressure variations.
Protection coordination of directional overcurrent relays: new time current characteristic and objective function
Authors: Yazdaninejadi Amin , Naderi Mehdi S. , Gharehpetian Gevork B. , Talavat Vahid
Published: August 2017

Clearing power grid faults swiftly and selectively offers higher security, reliability and sustainability. Accomplishing this aim by deploying directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) is one of the major challenges in meshed and multisource distribution networks. To overcome this challenge, the current study elaborates a new coordination strategy which concentrates on minimising overall operation time of relays. In this strategy, an auxiliary variable is added to classical operation time model of each DOCR. All the auxiliary variables are considered as coordination constraints which help to yield new and well‐defined time current characteristics (TCCs). In other words, more flexibility is attained in adjusting relay's characteristic which helps to alleviate clearing time of faults. The obtained TCCs can be easily performed by numerical relays. In addition, a new objective function is defined to steer the relay settings towards optimal solutions conveniently. It was shown that the proposed approach not only reduces the operation time of relays, but also prevents miscoordinations. This approach demonstrates a non‐linear programming model tackled by particle swarm optimisation algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified via 8‐bus and IEEE 14‐bus test systems and results are discussed in depth.
Fault location on branched networks using mathematical morphology
Authors: Salehi Moslem , Namdari Farhad
Published: August 2017

Here, a new travelling wave‐based fault location method is proposed for branched networks. A mathematical morphology‐based filter is used to analyse fault‐induced transient signals and detects the arrival time of travelling waves. In the proposed algorithm, using the first surge arrival time of travelling waves at each of the travelling wave detectors installed in the network, a set of linear equations is constructed. By solving the equations, the probable fault occurrence points on the main line of the network are determined. Finally, proper evaluation criterions are introduced to determine accurate faulted lateral branch or fault location on the main lines. Extensive simulation studies using EMTP and MATLAB are carried out to examine the effectiveness of the proposed method. The obtained results verify the high accuracy, noise immunity, and fault impedance robustness of the proposed method.
Numerical busbar differential protection using generalised alpha plane
Authors: Jena Soumitri , Bhalja Bhavesh R.
Published: August 2017

This study presents a digital differential busbar protection scheme based on generalised alpha plane approach which combines the benefits of percentage differential approach and two‐restrain alpha plane approach. The proposed scheme utilises one cycle current transformer (CT) secondary current signals of all the bays connected to the busbar to map the operating points on a complex alpha plane. The proposed scheme has been evaluated by modelling an existing 400 kV Indian power generating station in PSCAD/EMTDC software package. The performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated on large numbers of cases with wide variation in system and fault parameters. In order to verify authenticity of the proposed scheme, a laboratory prototype of the proposed busbar protection scheme has been developed. From the developed prototype, CT secondary current signals are captured during internal faults and external fault with CT saturation condition. Comparison between the simulation and prototype results clearly shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of higher sensitivity during internal faults and better stability in case of external faults. The proposed protection scheme has a high response speed (around 5 ms) and hence can be considered on par with modern busbar protection schemes.
Equivalent circuit and calculation of unbalanced power in three‐wire three‐phase linear networks
Authors: Montoya‐Mira Rafael , Diez José M. , Blasco Pedro A. , Montoya Rafael
Published: August 2017

For analysis of three‐wire three‐phase linear systems, the transformations wye‐delta and delta‐wye from theorem of Kennelly are used. These transformations can be applied to balanced systems but not to unbalanced systems. This is due to the fact that zero‐sequence voltages or zero‐sequence currents are present in these types of connections. This modifies the value of the unbalance power in the load with respect to the generator. These zero‐sequence voltages and currents that appear in generators and loads are not transferred over the network. The zero‐sequence voltage in a delta‐connected load and the zero‐sequence current that is obtained using theorem of Kennelly in a star‐connected load, or vice versa, cause different imbalance effects. Here, the equivalent circuit for any point of the system is developed. The impedances of the equivalent circuit in any node are calculated using line‐to‐line voltages and line currents. This equivalent circuit incorporates all energetic phenomena, including the unbalance of all downstream loads. For its verification, the phasor unbalance power is used.
Multiobjective capacity planning of photovoltaics in smart electrical energy networks: improved normal boundary intersection method
Authors: Akbari Mohammad‐Amin , Aghaei Jamshid , Barani Mostafa
Published: August 2017

Incentive‐based regulations, toward higher performance networks, are the main driver for minimising losses in distribution systems. On the other hand, more renewable generation is needed to achieve environmental targets. Hence, a multiobjective model is introduced in this study seeking to minimise energy losses as well as maximise renewable generation in radial distribution systems (RDSs). Two alternative control strategies of future smart grids such as reactive power management using adaptive power factor control and coordinated voltage control are considered in the optimisation problem. The problem is subjected to the various technical constraints such as voltage limits, thermal limits and reactive capability limits of photovoltaic (PV) penetration, power factor regulations and underload tap changer adjustment. Also, the uncertainties of load and renewable generation are considered, too. Then, the obtained non‐linear programming problem is relaxed and reformulated as a well‐suited and computationally efficient second‐order cone programming problems. To obtain more efficient and evenly distributed Pareto set to help decision‐making process, a modified normal boundary intersection method is introduced for solution methodology. The implementation of the proposed framework on IEEE 33‐bus RDSs shows the gains that the flexibility provided by innovative control strategies can have on energy loss reduction and PV capacity.
Tetrabutylammonium Bifluoride as an Efficient Activating Agent for Copper-Catalyzed Vinylsilane Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Riant Olivier , Cornelissen Loïc , Nagy Audric , Leyssens Tom
Published: August 2017

Vinylsilanes are versatile and efficient nucleophiles in cross-coupling reactions. Herein is described the use of tetrabutylammonium bifluoride as a mild, cheap and scalable activating agent in several copper-catalyzed vinylsilane cross-couplings.
New Efficient Synthesis of 1,2,4-Trisubstituted Furans by a ­Sequential Passerini/Wittig/Isomerization Reaction Starting from Baylis–Hillman β-Bromo Aldehydes
Authors: Ding Ming-Wu , Ren Zhi-Lin , Sun Mei , Guan Zhi-Rong
Published: August 2017

A new and efficient synthesis of 1,2,4-trisubstituted furans from a Baylis–Hillman β-bromo aldehyde, an acid, an isocyanide, and methyl(diphenyl)phosphine, by a sequential Passerini condensation, Wittig reaction, and isomerization in the presence of triethylamine is reported.
DFT Studies Provide Mechanistic Insight into Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Involving Organoaluminum-Mediated C–O Bond Cleavage
Authors: Wang Chao , Uchiyama Masanobu , Yang Ze-Kun
Published: August 2017

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to examine the reaction pathway of Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling with organoaluminum through C–O bond cleavage. The results indicate that the strong Lewis acidity of organoaluminums significantly facilitates the transmetalation step, but not the oxidative addition or reductive elimination step.
New Triazole-Containing Branched Bis(dipeptidomimetic) – Switching from Self-Dimerization to Anion-Binding Properties
Authors: Chui Tin-Ki , Chow Hak-Fun
Published: August 2017

A triazole-containing branched bis(dipeptidomimetic) 2 using l-lysine as a flexible branching unit was synthesized and characterized. The compound was found to form weak dimers (K
dim = 19 M–1) in chloroform as shown by vapor pressure osmometry (VPO) and concentration-dependent 1H NMR studies. On the other hand, the compound was capable of binding chloride and monobasic diethyl phosphate (DEP) in chloroform. Job plot analysis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and NMR titration studies revealed a 1:1 binding stoichiometry with good binding affinities (K
a ≈ 640–780 M–1). Structural studies using ­ROESY NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling on the 2–DEP complex indicated the adoption of a helix-like conformation by the host with the guest situated near the branching juncture.
Sequential O-Arylation/Lanthanide(III)-Catalyzed [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Bromo-Substituted Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Ramadhar Timothy , Kawakami Jun-ichi , Batey Robert
Published: August 2017

Lanthanide(III)-catalyzed aryl-Claisen rearrangement of substrates bearing halo-substituted allyl groups, specifically 2-bromoallyl aryl ethers, afford ortho-2-bromoallylphenols. Aryl ether substrates were synthesized from brominated allylic alcohols via Mitsunobu reaction, Cu(II)-catalyzed arylation using potassium aryltrifluoroborate salts, or SNAr reaction. Aryl-Claisen rearrangements proceeded in moderate to excellent yields using Eu(III) catalysis. The alkenylbromide functionality remains intact, illustrating the compatibility of synthetically important alkenylhalides during C–O/C–C σ-bond migration processes. Subsequent derivatization of the ortho-2-bromoallylphenol products through O-alkylation or C-arylation/alkenylation via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling demonstrate the potential to access densely-functionalized molecules.
Comparative Analysis of Hospital Length of Stay and Discharge Status of Two Contemporary Primary Total Knee Systems
Authors: Etter Katherine , Lerner Jason , Kalsekar Iftekhar , de Moor Carl , Yoo Andrew , Swank Michael
Published: August 2017

This study compares the differences in hospital length of stay (LOS), operating room time (ORT), discharge status, and total hospital costs among primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients implanted with one of two contemporary primary total knee systems. A retrospective cohort analysis of elective inpatient, primary, unilateral TKA patients in the United States from 2013 to 2014 was conducted using the Premier Perspective® hospital billing database. The included patients had a diagnosis for osteoarthritis and received an ATTUNE® Knee (Gradually Reducing Radius Knee) or Triathlon™ (Single Radius Knee) from a hospital where both devices were used. Patient, provider, and procedure characteristics were included in generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to explore the impact of device on LOS, ORT, discharge status, and costs accounting for clustering within hospitals. A 1:1 propensity score–matched sensitivity analysis was also conducted. There were 1,178 patients who received gradually reducing radius knee and 5,707 patients who received single radius knee. GEE models indicated that the adjusted mean LOS and ORT for patients who received gradually reducing radius knee were significantly shorter than those who received single radius knee (p < 0.001). The adjusted odds ratios for gradually reducing radius knee patients being discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) or other facility were 39% lower than that for single radius knee patients (odds ratio = 0.61; 95% confidence interval: 0.50–0.75; p < 0.001). The adjusted mean costs for gradually reducing radius knee patients were significantly lower than the single radius knee patients ($12,824 [1,813] vs. $18,713 [1,505]; p < 0.01). Findings were similar in the propensity-matched cohort of 2,044 patients, which was balanced on baseline covariates between devices (standardized differences were ≤ 8%). Patients who received gradually reducing radius knee had a shorter LOS and ORT, were less likely to be discharged to a SNF or other facility, and had lower total hospital cost than those who received single radius knee. These outcomes are increasingly relevant as hospitals bear the financial burden for episodes of care, and will require optimization to achieve success under the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement model.
Impact of Age on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Townsend Luke , Roubion Ryan , Bourgeois Devin , Leonardi Claudia , Fox Rabun , Dasa Vinod , Pollock Grant
Published: August 2017

Patient expectations and demographics are vital factors in determining patient satisfaction and outcomes from total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study was a retrospective chart review that analyzed data from TKA patients to determine the impact of age on patient-reported outcomes measures following TKA. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Oxford knee scores were collected as primary outcome measures from 356 consecutive patients who underwent TKA. Oxford knee scores were further divided into pain and function subscores. Patients were age categorized as <50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and >79. Preoperative scores were compared among age categories including age category, gender, body mass index (BMI), and length of stay (LOS) in the model as fixed effects. Scores collected postoperatively (∼10, 30, 90, and 180 days postoperation) were analyzed as repeated measures including age category, day and their interaction, gender, BMI, LOS, and preoperative score in the model. Preoperative OXFORD scores significantly differed among age categories (p < 0.05) and were numerically higher for the older (≥60 years old) compared with younger patients (<60 years old). After adjusting for preoperative scores, postoperative WOMAC and overall, pain, and function OXFORD scores significantly differed among the age groups (p < 0.05), with patients younger than 60 years reporting the worst scores in the postoperative time period. Older patients reported better preoperative overall, pain, and function scores and greater post-TKA outcomes than younger patients. A better understanding of factors that influence patient-reported outcomes can help providers to better manage patient expectations.
Indication for Unicompartmental Knee Replacement versus Osteotomy around the Knee
Authors: Lobenhoffer Philipp
Published: August 2017

Unicompartmental medial or lateral osteoarthritis of the knee is found in up to 50% of all osteoarthritic patients and may be addressed surgically either by knee osteotomies or unicompartmental replacements. The limits for indicating one procedure or the other are somehow not defined. This article discusses the diagnostic algorithm and the most important decision factors. A long-leg radiograph and formal deformity analysis is mandatory. If constitutional or posttraumatic metaphyseal deformity in the frontal plane is detected and the opposite compartment is intact, an osteotomy should be considered. The result is not depending on age and grade of osteoarthritis. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is indicated in substantial osteoarthritis of one compartment (bone-on-bone) with intact ligaments and a functionally intact contralateral compartment. The anatomy of the femur and tibia should be normal with no gross osseous deformity. Age, obesity, or asymptomatic patellofemoral degeneration are not considered exclusion criteria for those surgical procedures.
Auch Tierärzte können die staatliche Förderung der privaten Altersvorsorge
nutzen
Authors: Dornbusch Hans-Ludwig
Published: August 2017

Seit 15 Jahren gibt es die vom Staat mit Zulagen geförderte Altersvorsorge. Rund 15 Millionen
Bürger haben bereits solche Verträge abgeschlossen, da es sich herumgesprochen hat, dass
das sogenannte Rentenniveau in den kommenden Jahrzehnten weiter sinken wird, wenn die
Beiträge der Versicherten auch in Zukunft bezahlbar bleiben sollen. Um diese Einbußen bei
der gesetzlichen Altersversorgung auszugleichen, fördert der Staat seit 2002 den Aufbau
einer zusätzlichen privaten Altersvorsorge mit Zulagen und Steuervorteilen.
Hoffnung für Huntington-Patienten – erste klinische
Gene-Silencing-Studie
Authors: Rollnik Jens D.
Published: August 2017

Bei der Huntington-Erkrankung handelt es sich um eine bisher nicht kausal
behandelbare neurodegenerative Erkrankung, die mit motorischen, psychiatrischen
und kognitiven Symptomen einhergehen kann.

Die Ursache der in Deutschland mit einer Häufigkeit von etwa 1:10 000
auftretenden, autosomal-dominant vererbten Erkrankung, ist eine Mutation im
Huntingtin-Gen (CAG-Expansion). Diese führt zu einer Polyglutamin-Expansion im
Huntingtin-Protein (HTT). Das so veränderte HTT (mHTT) hat eine zytotoxische
Wirkung, ist schlecht löslich, neigt zur Aggregation in der Zelle und löst eine
komplexe pathophysiologische Kaskade aus, an deren Ende eine gestörte
Zellfunktion und schließlich der Zelltod stehen. In dem vorliegenden Artikel
wird das Prinzip des Gene Silencing erklärt, mit dem Transkription bzw.
Translation des Huntingtins gehemmt werden können. Ein Ansatz, der zu einer
Suppression der Translation führt, ist der Einsatz von Antisense
Oligonukleotiden (ASO), welche an prä-mRNA andocken. Eine erste klinische Studie
bei frühmanifesten Huntington-Patienten wird seit August 2015 mit ASO
(Studiensubstanz: IONIS-HTTRx) durchgeführt (NCT02519036). Auch wenn Ergebnisse
noch abgewartet werden müssen, könnte die Studie den Weg zu einer ersten
kausalen Therapie der Huntington-Erkrankung ebnen.
Torsio ventriculi – Was ist im Notfall zu tun?
Authors: Schwede Maartje
Published: August 2017

Die Torsio ventriculi erfordert aufgrund ihres progredienten Verlaufs ein zügiges und kompetentes
Handeln. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über das klassische klinische Bild, Diagnosestellung,
adäquate Erstversorgung einschließlich Therapie und Nachsorge bei Magendrehungen.
Drastischer Anstieg neudiagnostizierter Patienten mit
Demenz in deutschen Hausarztpraxen im Jahr 2013. Bessere Erkennung oder
finanzieller Anreiz?
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Michalowsky Bernhard , Kostev Karel
Published: August 2017

Hintergrund In Hausarztpraxen (HA) gab es 2013 eine drastische
Inzidenz-Zunahme von Patienten mit Demenz (PmD). Fragestellung: (1) Ist der
Anstieg auch in einer Substichprobe nachweisbar, (2) gab es einen vergleichbaren
Anstieg in Facharztpraxen (FA), (3) sind Folgen für Diagnostik und Therapie
feststellbar?

Methoden Die Analyse basiert auf Abrechnungsdaten von 874 HA- und 141
FA-Praxen (2011 bis 2015) von mehr als 14 000 PmD/Jahr. Auswertung: inzidente
Demenz-Diagnosen (ICD 10: G30, F01, F03), Antidementiva-Verordnungen.

Ergebnisse Abrupter Inzidenz-Anstieg um 47 % (2013) bzw. um 73 % (2014)
gegenüber 2012. Anteile unspezifischer und vaskulärer Demenzen-Diagnosen nahmen
zu. Anteile Alzheimer-Demenzen und Antidementiva-Verordnungen nahmen ab.
Vergleichbare Entwicklungen waren in FA-Praxen nicht feststellbar.

Schlussfolgerung Der drastische Inzidenz-Anstieg ging 2013 mit arzt- und
patientenseitigen ökonomische Anreizen einher. Ob ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang
bestand und welche Folgen der Inzidenzanstieg hat, sollte weiter untersucht
werden.
Ultraschnelle zelluläre Anpassung an Schwerelosigkeit
Authors: Thiel Cora , Hock Bertold , Ullrich Oliver
Published: August 2017

Echtzeitmessungen auf der Internationalen Raumstation (ISS) konnten belegen, dass Zellen prinzipiell in der Lage sind, sich ultraschnell an veränderte Schwerkraftverhältnisse zu adaptieren. Im Experiment TRIPLE LUX A wurde der Einfluss von Gravitationskräften zwischen 1 und 0 g auf die Oxidative-Burst-Reaktion von NR8383-Alveolarmakrophagen untersucht. Erstmals konnte durch Echtzeit- und On-orbit-Messungen auf der ISS eine schwerkraftabhängige Reaktion in Säugerzellen direkt bewiesen und verfolgt werden. Durch den Messaufbau gelang ebenso der erstmalige Nachweis einer ultraschnellen und nach 42 Sekunden erfolgten vollständigen Anpassung einer zellulären Reaktion an die Schwerelosigkeit.
Current-matching versus non-current-matching in long wavelength interband cascade infrared photodetectors
Authors: Huang Wenxiang , Lei Lin , Li Lu , Massengale Jeremy A. , Yang Rui Q. , Mishima Tetsuya D. , Santos Michael B.
Published: August 2017

We report on a comparative study of two sets of different long-wavelength (LW) interband cascade infrared photodetectors (ICIPs) based on a type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice. The devices in one set have a current-matched configuration while those in the other set are non-current-matched. It is shown that carrier transport in these LW ICIPs at high temperatures is diffusion limited and the diffusion length is estimated to be longer than or comparable to 0.5 μm at various temperatures. By comparing the two sets of devices, we demonstrate the necessity of current-matching to maximize utilization of absorbed photons for an optimal responsivity and the correlation of reduced responsivity with light attenuation in the optically deeper stages for non-current-matched ICIPs. However, the device performances for both sets are comparable in terms of detectivity. Electrical gain exceeding unity is observed, which is more significant in the last stage of non-current-matched ICIPs than in any other stages in order to obtain photocurrent continuity. The significant electrical gain enabled an appreciable responsivity in non-current-matched ICIPs and resulted in Johnson-noise limited detectivities as high as 2.4 × 108 Jones at 300 K, which substantially exceeds the reported value (e.g., 4.0 × 107 Jones) for commercial uncooled mercury cadmium telluride detectors.
Effects of magnetic field on phase-mixing of electrostatic oscillations in cold electron-positron-ion plasmas
Authors: Pramanik Sourav , Maity Chandan
Published: August 2017

Spatiotemporal evolution of nonlinear electron-positron oscillations around a homogeneous background of massive ions has been analyzed in cold electron-positron-ion (EPI) plasmas by employing a simple perturbation method, demonstrating phase-mixing and thus wave-breaking of excited oscillations at arbitrarily low amplitudes [C. Maity, Phys. Plasmas 21, 072317 (2014)]. In this work, we investigate effects of the magnetic field on the phase-mixing phenomena of electron-positron oscillations in cold EPI plasmas. A perturbative analysis of governing fluid-Maxwell's equations has been carried out up to third order to obtain a rough estimate of the phase-mixing time. It has been shown that the presence of an external ambient magnetic field may induce a delay in the process of phase-mixing of such oscillations.
Magneto-mechanically coupled electromagnetic harvesters for broadband energy harvesting
Authors: Malaji P. V. , Ali S. F.
Published: August 2017

A low frequency magneto-mechanically coupled energy harvesting system is proposed to increase the power magnitude and bandwidth simultaneously. The system consists of two pendulums that are magnetically and mechanically coupled. The analytical formulation for the coupled system is developed based on the extended Lagrangian formulation. The experimental and simulated results are reported. The results exhibiting the benefits of magneto-mechanical coupling are reported. The experiments show an increment of 30.69% in the power magnitude and 100% enhancement in the bandwidth when compared to independent harvesters even at a low amplitude of excitation. Moreover, Chaos is observed at low frequency and at a low amplitude, which tends to provide larger bandwidths with more power.