bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoding the molecular pathways governing trophoblast migration and placental development; a literature review
Authors: Liu Lianlian , Tang Lin , Chen Shuai , Zheng Lianwen , Ma Xiaoyan
Published: November 2024

Placental development is a multifaceted process critical for a fruitful pregnancy, reinforced by a complex network of molecular pathways that synchronize trophoblast migration, differentiation, and overall placental function. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the key signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Notch, TGF-β, and VEGF, which play fundamental roles in trophoblast proliferation, invasion, and the complicated process of placental vascular development. For instance, the Wnt signaling pathway is essential to balance trophoblast stem cell proliferation and differentiation, while Notch signaling stimulates cell fate decisions and invasive behavior. TGF-β signaling plays a critical role in trophoblast invasion and differentiation, predominantly in response to the low oxygen environment of early pregnancy, regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). These factors promote trophoblast adaptation, ensure proper placental attachment and vascularization, and facilitate adequate fetal-maternal exchange. Further, we explore the epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that regulate trophoblast function, including DNA methylation and the contribution of non-coding RNAs, which contribute to the fine-tuning of gene expression during placental development. Dysregulation of these pathways is associated with severe pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and recurrent miscarriage, emphasizing the critical need for targeted therapeutic strategies. Finally, emerging technologies like trophoblast organoids, single-cell RNA sequencing, and placenta-on-chip models are discussed as innovative tools that hold promise for advancing our understanding of placental biology and developing novel interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding these molecular mechanisms to better address placental dysfunctions and associated pregnancy disorders.
Threshold effect of atherogenic index of plasma on type 2 diabetes mellitus and modification by uric acid in normal-weight adults with hypertension
Authors: Tao Yu , Wang Tao , Zhou Wei , Zhu Lingjuan , Yu Chao , Bao Huihui , Li Juxiang , Cheng Xiaoshu
Published: November 2024

Background

The association between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in normal-weight individuals with hypertension remains unclear. This study seeks to elucidate this relationship in normal-weight adults with hypertension.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 8,258 normal-weight adults with hypertension from the China Hypertension Registry Study. The AIP was calculated as log10 (triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The multivariate logistic regression, generalized additive model, smooth fitting curve, sensitivity analyses, two-part logistic regression, and subgroup analyses were conducted to detect the correlation between AIP and T2DM.

Results

The mean age of the study population was 64.89 ± 8.97 years, with an overall prevalence of T2DM of 15.55%. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that there was a positive and independent relationship between AIP and T2DM (OR: 3.73; 95% CI: 2.82, 4.94). Threshold effect analysis identified a J-shaped association between AIP and T2DM, with an inflection point at 0. Additionally, an interaction between hyperuricemia and AIP was observed (P for interaction = 0.034).

Conclusions

In normal-weight adults with hypertension, there was a J-shaped association between AIP and T2DM, with an inflection point at 0. the correlation between AIP and T2DM was more pronounced in individuals with hyperuricemia compared to those with normal uric acid.
Optimization of inoculum cell concentration for enhanced lipid production in laboratory-scale cultivation of the marine microalga Chlorella sp. for biofuel applications
Authors: Abdul-Sani Erma Rizah , Chin Grace Joy Wei Lie , Yong Wilson Thau Lym , Misson Mailin
Published: November 2024

Microalgae are considered valuable bioresources due to their ability to produce high lipid content and grow under a variety of environmental conditions, making them strong candidates for sustainable biofuel production. However, the economic feasibility of microalgae-based biofuels depends on optimizing growth conditions in large-scale cultivation systems. This study investigates the effects of varying inoculum cell concentrations on the growth, lipid yield, and fatty acid composition of the locally isolated microalga Chlorella sp. SW5 in 2 L and 5 L cultivation systems. The results indicate that higher inoculum concentrations generally enhance biomass accumulation, with the 2 L system achieving the highest growth rate of 0.42 ± 0.01 day⁻1 at an inoculum concentration of 10⁶ cells/mL. Interestingly, while higher inoculum concentrations reduced lipid production in the 2 L system, the 5 L system showed the highest lipid yield (51.23% ± 4.71% dry weight) at the highest inoculum concentration (10⁷ cells/mL). Despite its moderate growth rate, the 5 L culture with a starting inoculum concentration of 10⁷ cells/mL was selected for fatty acid profiling due to its superior lipid yield and productivity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the culture produced a total of 93.18% C14-C18 fatty acids, with a profile dominated by saturated (56.33%) and monounsaturated (16.85%) fatty acids, which are essential for biodiesel quality. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential for scaling up microalgal systems for commercial biofuel production, highlighting strategies to optimize productivity.
Technical framework and empirical analysis of resource and environmental carrying capacity evaluation in karst regions under the constraint of ecological civilization
Authors: Yang Wei , Li Xiaohua , Yang Yuchi
Published: November 2024

Evaluating resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) within the framework of ecological civilization is essential for reconciling development with ecological preservation and optimizing land-use patterns. This evaluation through the lens of ecological civilization is crucial for effective resource allocation. This article introduces a technical framework specifically designed for analyzing and evaluating resource and environmental carrying capacity in karst regions, focusing on Anshun City in Guizhou Province as a case study. The framework follows a structured approach, i.e., “problem identification, problem decomposition, and decision-making assessment,” which proves effective for these evaluations. Furthermore, the integrated evaluation index system incorporating resources, environment, and socioeconomic factors under the principles of ecological civilization aligns with contemporary developmental requirements while reflecting the distinctive characteristics of the resources and environment in karst regions. This alignment enhances the specificity and relevance of the evaluation methodology. The application of the obstacle degree model strengthened the utility and depth of the evaluation results. Additionally, Pearson’s correlation analysis clarified the complex interrelationships among various index factors, highlighting the significant role of unique local resources in the carrying capacity of karst regions. Additionally, the article reveals a delay in the socioeconomic development of karst regions, which adversely impacts their carrying capacity. Thus, promoting regional economic growth is crucial for enhancing the overall carrying capacity. In light of these findings, the article proposes practical strategies to enhance resource and environmental carrying capacity. These include establishing technical standards for evaluation, accelerating industrial transfers focused on technological innovation, and enhancing market mechanisms for resource allocation.
Global deletion of the immune cell transcription factor, T-bet, alters gut microbiota and insulin sensitivity in mice
Authors: Stolarczyk E. , Vong C. T. , Garrido-Mesa N. , Marks E. , Abdel-Aziz D. , Ju Q. , Jackson I. , Powell N. , Lord G. M. , Howard J. K.
Published: November 2024

The gut microbiota plays a role in energy homeostasis: its composition differs in lean and obese mice and may impact insulin sensitivity. The immune system has co-evolved with the gut microbiota, but direct regulation of microbial communities by the immune system and its metabolic impact is unclear. Mice lacking the immune cell specific transcription factor T-bet (Tbx21) are insulin sensitive. Compared with wild-type mice, T-bet deficient mice were found to have a higher proportion of colonic regulatory T cells despite significantly fewer colonic T cells, B cells and NK cells. Microbiota deletion by administration of antibiotics, increased colonic immune cell numbers. Furthermore, we report that T-bet−/− mice have an altered gut microbial composition and fecal short-chain fatty acid content, with an increase in butyrate production, compared with wild-type mice. Finally, in a proof-of concept study, we show that the enhanced insulin sensitivity observed in T-bet−/− mice is temporarily transmissible to antibiotic-treated wild-type mice through fecal transfer. Immune regulation of the gut microbiota by T-bet may be a novel pathway modulating insulin sensitivity.
Time to antenatal care booking and its predictors among pregnant women in East Africa: a Weibull gamma shared frailty model using a recent demographic and health survey
Authors: Endawkie Abel , Kebede Shimels Derso , Abera Kaleab Mesfin , Abeje Eyob Tilahun , Enyew Ermias Bekele , Daba Chala , Asmare Lakew , Bayou Fekade Demeke , Arefaynie Mastewal , Mohammed Anissa , Tareke Abiyu Abadi , Keleb Awoke , Kebede Natnael , Tsega Yawkal
Published: November 2024

Background

Antenatal care (ANC) is an important component of maternal and child healthcare. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that pregnant women book their ANC contact at or before 12 weeks of gestational age. However, in East Africa, evidence on whether the WHO recommendations have been followed is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the time to ANC booking and its predictors among pregnant women in East Africa.

Method

This study was conducted among 86,662 pregnant women in East Africa. The time to ANC booking was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival estimate. A Weibull gamma shared frailty model was used to determine the predictors of time to the first ANC visit. An adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported.

Result

The median time to ANC booking among pregnant women in East Africa was 4 ± 2 months. Maternal education at the primary (AHR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.02–1.25), secondary (AHR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05), and higher level (AHR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.30–1.50); husband's education level at the primary (AHR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.06–1.09), secondary (AHR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10–1.13), and higher (AHR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.07–1.10) levels as compared to with no education; a middle-class wealth status (AHR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.60–1.70), being rich (AHR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.56–1.73), high community-level maternal literacy (AHR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04–1.06), high community-level poverty (AHR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–0.99), previous Cesarean section (CS) (AHR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.33–1.39), and unwanted pregnancy (AHR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.72–0.77) were predictors of the time to ANC booking.

Conclusion

The median time to ANC booking among pregnant women in East Africa is longer than the new WHO recommendation. Maternal and husband education, high community-level maternal literacy, a better household, community-level wealth index, and previous CS increase the likelihood of an early ANC booking. However, unwanted pregnancy lowers the likelihood of an early ANC booking. Therefore, strengthening systematic efforts to improve women’s and their husbands' educational status, encouraging women's education in the community, providing economic support for women with low wealth status and poor communities, encouraging wanted pregnancy, and providing accessible counseling services for women with unwanted pregnancies will help to encourage early ANC booking among pregnant women in East Africa.
Case report: Guillain-Barré syndrome following acute ischemic brainstem stroke
Authors: Xu Da , Yu Cheng , Deng Xue-Jun , Li Man
Published: November 2024

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a heterogeneous disease, and it usually develops after an antecedent infection, while rare cases develop following a central nervous system disease. Given the indeterminacy of prodromal infection symptoms and the overlap of symptoms with other neurological disorders, a rigorous clinical and neurological examination in conjunction with history is necessary for early diagnosis and treatment of GBS. Here we present a rare case of GBS following acute ischemic stroke which was different from previous reports such as GBS following hemorrhagic stroke or head trauma. Moreover, intravenous immunoglobulin was effective in this patient after 6 months of follow-up despite the potential risk of thrombotic events.
Immune regulation and organ damage link adiponectin to sepsis
Authors: Zhang Lili , Lin Yuning , Zhang Zhongying , Chen Yuting , Zhong Jinqing
Published: November 2024

Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by organ dysfunction, resulting from an uncontrolled or abnormal immune response to infection, which leads to septicemia. It involves a disruption of immune homeostasis, marked by the release of Inflammatory factors and dysfunction of immune cells. Adiponectin is widely recognized as an anti-inflammatory mediator, playing a crucial role in regulating immune cell function and exerting protective effects on tissues and organs. However, the physiological role of adiponectin in septicemia remains unclear due to the condition’s association with immune response dysregulation and organ damage. This study focuses on the potential relationship between adiponectin and excessive immune responses, along with organ injury in septicemia. Additionally, we investigate possible explanations for the observed discrepancies in adiponectin levels among critically ill or deceased patients compared to theoretical expectations, aiming to provide valuable insights for clinical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions in sepsis.
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and chemotherapy as first-line therapy for cervical cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis in the US
Authors: Lin Yingtao , Li Cijuan , Wang Chang , Chen Jian , Huang Yuanqing
Published: November 2024

Objective

Medication is the predominant therapy for advanced cancers. However, the use of novel anticancer medications is a major contributor to disease-related financial hardships. Recently, numerous countries have mandated the pharmacoeconomic assessments of novel oncological agents to mitigate patient financial risks and optimize resource allocation. The present study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of adding atezolizumab to standard therapy (atezolizumab plus bevacizumab [BC]) for metastatic, persistent, and recurrent cervical cancer from the perspective of US healthcare payers, with the aim of supporting policymaking and promoting the rational use of healthcare resources.

Methods

Using clinical efficacy and safety data from the BEATcc clinical trial, in addition to cost and utility values from publicly available databases and published literature, a partitioned survival model over a 20-year lifetime horizon was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and chemotherapy (ABC) versus BC. The primary output of the model was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess its robustness.

Results

At both 20 and 4.5 y of time horizon, ABC therapy showed poor cost-effectiveness, with ICER of $193926.48/QALY and $168482.26/QALY, respectively, which were higher than the $150,000/QALY willingness-to-pay threshold. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the price of atezolizumab had the most significant impact on the model results. When the price of atezolizumab was reduced by 10%, ABC changed from being not cost-effective to cost-effective (ICER = $121531.24/QALY). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed a 32.6% probability that ABC would be cost-effective, which increased to 58.6% when the price of atezolizumab was reduced by 10%.

Conclusions

For patients with metastatic, persistent, and recurrent cervical cancer in the US, ABC was not as cost-effective as BC. Appropriate price reduction (10%) is recommended for atezolizumab to improve cost-effectiveness of ABC therapy.
Peripheral immune reactions following human traumatic spinal cord injury: the interplay of immune activation and suppression
Authors: Coenen Hanne , Somers Veerle , Fraussen Judith
Published: November 2024

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) damages the nerve tissue of the spinal cord, resulting in loss of motor and/or sensory functions at and below the injury level. SCI provokes a long-lasting immune response that extends beyond the spinal cord and induces changes in the composition and function of the peripheral immune system. Seemingly contradictory findings have been observed, as both systemic immune activation, including inflammation and autoimmunity, and immune suppression have been reported. Differences in the levels and functions of various cell types and components of both the innate and adaptive immune system supporting these changes have been described at (sub)acute and chronic stages post-injury. Further research is needed for a more comprehensive understanding of the peripheral immune reactions following SCI, their possible correlations with clinical characteristics, and how these immune responses could be targeted to facilitate the therapeutic management of SCI. In this review, we provide an overview of the current literature discussing changes in the peripheral immune system and their occurrence over time following a traumatic SCI.
Single spike mutation differentiating XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 enhances SARS-CoV-2 cell-to-cell transmission and facilitates serum-mediated enhancement
Authors: Criscuolo Elena , Giuliani Benedetta , Castelli Matteo , Cavallaro Mattia , Sisti Sofia , Burioni Roberto , Ferrari Davide , Mancini Nicasio , Locatelli Massimo , Clementi Nicola
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses significant challenges to existing therapeutics. The spike (S) glycoprotein is central to both viral entry and cell-to-cell transmission via syncytia formation, a process that confers resistance to neutralizing antibodies. The mechanisms underlying this resistance, particularly in relation to spike-mediated fusion, remain poorly understood.

Methods

We analyzed two clinical SARS-CoV-2 isolates differing by a single amino acid substitution in the S protein. Using biochemical and cell-based assays, we evaluated entry kinetics, syncytia formation, and the neutralizing efficacy of convalescent sera. These parameters were further correlated with S-mediated cell-cell fusion activity.

Results

The single amino acid substitution significantly altered entry kinetics and enhanced syncytia formation. This modification did not diminished the neutralizing capacity of convalescent sera, but it increased the efficiency of S-induced cell-cell fusion. These findings highlight the mutation’s impact on viral transmissibility and immune evasion.

Discussion

Our study demonstrates that even minor changes in the S protein can profoundly influence SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility and resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization. Understanding the molecular basis of S-mediated cell-cell fusion is crucial for anticipating the impact of emerging variants and developing next-generation therapeutic strategies. These insights provide a framework for predicting variant fitness and optimizing treatment approaches against future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Prognostic performance of early immune and endothelial activation markers in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 outpatients: a nested case-control study
Authors: Alemany Andrea , Balanza Núria , Millat-Martinez Pere , Ouchi Dan , Corbacho-Monné Marc , Morales-Indiano Cristian , Fernández Rivas Gema , Blanco Ignacio , Mitjà Oriol , Aguilar Ruth , Dobaño Carlota , Bassat Quique , Moncunill Gemma , Baro Bàrbara ,   COnV-ert BMK STUDY GROUP
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Evidence on the association of biomarkers of host response to infection with COVID-19 clinical outcomes has focused mainly on hospitalized patients. We investigated the prognostic performance of 39 immune and endothelial activation markers measured early in the course of disease to predict the development of severe COVID-19 and hospitalization.

Methods

We conducted a nested case-control study from a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in outpatients aged 50 years or older presenting with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. We selected participants who were hospitalized within 28 days (cases) and who were not (controls) to compare their biomarker levels in plasma samples collected at enrolment.

Results

A total of 42 cases and 42 controls were included in this study. The levels of CRP, IL6, IP10, ferritin, IFNα, IL8, IL1RA, MCP1, and RANTES, determined within 7 days of symptoms onset, showed good individual prognostic performance for COVID-19 associated hospitalization by day 28. The biomarkers CRP, IL6, IP10, IL8, IL1RA, and suPAR showed good individual prognostic performance for severe COVID-19. CRP, IL6 and IP10 had the most robust association with both hospitalization and severe COVID-19, with CRP having the highest discriminatory capacity with hospitalization, and IL6 for severe COVID-19.

Discussion

Our study shows good prognostic performance of CRP and IL6 for 28-day hospitalization in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, in the absence of clinical criteria for admission upon enrolment. These findings confirm the value of these biomarkers at early stages of COVID-19 disease in the outpatient setting to support management decisions.
Greening the marine map: a comprehensive study of China’s marine ecological and economic synergy
Authors: Li Zechen , Lin Hanqian , Zhang Xuemei
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This research examines the coupling coordinated development dynamics between marine ecological governance and marine economic development in China’s coastal provinces. The marine ecological governance and economic development data of China’s 11 coastal provinces were comprehensively analyzed from 2011 to 2021.

Methods

We established a multi-dimensional evaluation index system for marine ecological governance and economic development, employing the global entropy weight method for quantification. Furthermore, the research examines and analyzes the trends in coordinated development and divergence between these two systems by constructing a coupled coordination degree(CCD) model, utilizing the Theil index decomposition method, and employing the geodetector detector.

Results

The Northern marine economic circle outperforms the Eastern and Southern ones regarding marine ecological governance, while the Eastern marine economic circle is the most advanced in marine economic development. The results of the CCD model indicate that Guangdong, Shandong, Hebei, and Jiangsu have the best coupling coordinated development, while Hainan, Tianjin, and Guangxi are at the bottom. The results of the Theil index decomposition method indicate that intra-regional disparities are the primary cause of coupling coordinated regional development variations. At the same time, the results of the geographic detector further substantiate that energy structure, degree of industrial agglomeration, and foreign overseas direct investment are the principal influencing factors.

Discussion

The study presents policy recommendations derived from the findings intended to foster the integrated advancement of marine ecology and economy in coastal provinces, reduce regional development disparities, and establish a scientific foundation for achieving a sustainable marine economy.
Simulation and analysis of residual stress in 17-7 PH stainless steel welded joints using laser shock peening technology
Authors: Yu Weichen , Li Yaping , Guo Guicang , Li Kangwen
Published: November 2024

To investigate the effect of power density on the residual stress distribution on the surface of 17-7 PH stainless steel welded joints during laser shock process, we utilized ABAQUS finite element software for analyzing its distribution under different laser shock power densities. The material was tested for residual stress using an X-ray stress diffractometer to verify the accuracy of the simulation results and lay the foundation for finding the optimal process parameters. The simulation results show that when the laser power density is 2.79 GW/cm2, the maximum residual compressive stress value on the surface of the sample after laser shock peening is −37.2 MPa; When the laser power density is 2.79 GW/cm2, the maximum residual compressive stress value on the surface of the sample is −94.1 MPa; When the power density reaches 5.17 GW/cm2, the maximum residual stress value on the surface of the laser shock peening sample is −144.8 MPa, and residual stress cavity is formed. The experimental results show that when the laser power density is 2.79 GW/cm2, the maximum residual compressive stress on the surface of the sample is −37.3 MPa; When the power density is 3.98 GW/cm2, the uniformity of compressive stress distribution on the surface of the sample is optimal, with a maximum residual compressive stress value of −99.0 MPa; When the power density is 5.17 GW/cm2, the maximum residual compressive stress value is −146.1 MPa, and residual stress cavity is formed on the material surface. The simulation results are close to the experimental results, and the model error ranges from 0.2% to 4.9%. The simulation results are accurate and reliable.
Studies on dielectric spectroscopy of oxidatively degraded Poly(α-olefin)
Authors: Iwase Shunsuke , Maruyama Taisuke , Momozono Satoshi , Maegawa Satoru , Itoigawa Fumihiro
Published: November 2024

Failures in tribological components such as bearings can significantly affect the performance and lifespan of machinery, necessitating the implementation of effective condition monitoring technologies. This study verified the feasibility of dielectric spectroscopy (DES) as a method for detecting abnormalities before damage occurs. A comparative evaluation was conducted between dielectric relaxation parameters and measurements from size exclusion chromatography, total acid number, and viscosity for oxidatively degraded poly (α-olefin) oils. The results confirmed that DES is an effective method for assessing the oxidative degradation state of lubricants. These findings suggest that DES could be applied to oil film condition monitoring and predictive maintenance.
The effect of career calling on medicine students’ learning engagement: chain mediation roles of career decision self-efficacy and career adaptability
Authors: Chen Jingyuan , Liu Hongfeng , Wang Jinku
Published: November 2024

The study investigates the influence of career calling on the learning engagement of medical students in higher vocational colleges, focusing on the chain mediation roles of career decision self-efficacy (CDSE) and career adaptability. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 173 students from three vocational colleges across China, utilizing various scales to measure career calling, learning engagement, career adaptability, and CDSE, and structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the survey data. Chain mediation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between career calling and learning engagement among medical students. Career adaptability was found to partially mediate the relationship between career calling and learning engagement, while CDSE did not exhibit a significant mediating effect. However, when both career adaptability and CDSE were considered as chained mediators, they had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between career calling and learning. The findings highlight the pivotal significance of cultivating a strong career calling and augmenting career adaptability as strategic approaches to bolster learning engagement among medical students in higher vocational colleges.
Case report: Cerebral syphilitic gumma: a case retrospective report of eight cases
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhang Wenjun , Jiang Qiuhua , Huang Qianliang , Ye Xinyun
Published: November 2024

Background

Cerebral syphilitic gumma (CSG), a rare manifestation of neurosyphilis, presents characteristics akin to intracranial tumors, often leading to clinical misdiagnosis.

Objective

This study aimed to summarize the clinical experience in diagnosing and treating CSG.

Materials and methods

The present study conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data, encompassing the baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of eight patients with CSG who were treated and diagnosed by our institution.

Results

The median age at the initial diagnosis was 57.5 years, comprising six males and two females. The predominant clinical manifestations included headaches in eight cases, motor and sensory disorders in four cases, epileptic seizures in one case, and dysarthria in one patient. The serum Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) and toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) yielded positive in all eight patients. The contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed irregular ring-shaped enhancement of lesions in three patients, while nodular enhancement of lesions was observed in five patients. In terms of treatment, seven patients underwent surgery. The postoperative pathological tissue showed granulomatous inflammation. Six patients exhibited an elevated protein concentration in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), while two patients demonstrated a reduced CSF glucose level. Additionally, positive results were obtained for both CSF TPHA and TRUST in all eight patients. The clinical diagnosis of CSG was confirmed in eight patients who exhibited notable clinical improvement following penicillin treatment. Subsequent reevaluation of the imaging findings demonstrated complete resolution of the enhanced lesions.

Conclusion

In clinical practice, CSG should be considered for patients with intracranial lesions and positive serum syphilis antibodies. Timely and accurate diagnosis enables patients with CSG to achieve a more favorable prognosis through active anti-syphilis treatment.
Determinants for worsening in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Yao Jiaheng , Wang Jun , Guo Luhan , Su Peipei , Li Jiansheng , Li Bin
Published: November 2024

Background

To identify risk factors for progression, acute exacerbation (AE), and the development of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) in Systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease-associated interstitial lung disease (SARD-ILD).

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify eligible cohort studies up until January 01, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened the literature and extracted data. We employed the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to assess study quality and performed meta-analyses using STATA software.

Results

This review included 50 studies. For progression, 28 studies were included, four significant risk factors were identified: male (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.26–3.08, p < 0.001), UIP patterns on HRCT (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.48–2.54, p < 0.001), extensive lung involvement (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.66–2.80, p < 0.001), and age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.05–1.10, p < 0.001); and 11 potential risk factors. Seven studies were included in AE, and three potential risk factors were highlighted: FVC, UIP patterns on HRCT, and smoking history. In RP-ILD, 15 studies were included. Three risk factors were determined: High CRP (OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.87–3.21, p < 0.001), Ro-52 positivity (OR = 5.35, 95% CI 3.46–8.29, p < 0.001), and MDA5 antibodies (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.47–2.95, p < 0.001); along with 10 potential risk factors.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis identified male sex, UIP pattern on HRCT, extensive lung involvement, and advanced age as significant risk factors for the progression of SARD-ILD. High CRP, Ro-52 positivity, and MDA5 antibodies were significant risk factors for developing of RP-ILD in patients with IIM. We also discovered several potential risk factors that may be associated with the progression of SARD-ILD and acute exacerbation, as well as the occurrence of RP-ILD in IIM patients.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
Early and rapid diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia by tNGS in six patients: a case series
Authors: Yan Xinsheng , Fu Huali , Deng Wenjun , Zhang Zhenlu , Wang Dong
Published: November 2024

Background

Psittacosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) infection, which can be transmitted by birds, poultry and wild animals. The symptoms and imaging findings of C. psittaci pneumonia are atypical and primarily rely on etiological diagnosis. The incidence of C. psittaci infection has been significantly underestimated because of the low sensitivity and poor timeliness of traditional diagnostic methods. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis of psittacosis remains a challenge.

Case presentation

A case series with six pneumonia patients who were admitted to our hospital in the period from January 2023 to June 2023 is presented. These patients exhibited acute onset and symptoms, including fever, cough, poor appetite, dry mouth, dizziness, chills, and chest tightness. Despite comprehensive laboratory and radiological examinations, the cause of the pneumonia remained unidentified. Therefore, a sample of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was tested via target next-generation sequencing (tNGS), which revealed a positive result for C. psittaci. Prompt adjustment of the treatment regimens upon identification of the pathogen led to favorable outcomes in all patients.

Conclusion

tNGS is a novel diagnostic technology that enables rapid, accurate and cost-effective detection of C. psittaci pneumonia. Early detection of C. psittaci can improve patient outcomes through timely adjustment of therapies.
Fermentation quality, amino acids profile, and microbial communities of whole-plant soybean silage in response to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B90 alone or in combination with functional microbes
Authors: Jin Sijie , Tahir Muhammad , Huang Fuqing , Wang Tianwei , Li Huangkeyi , Shi Weixiong , Liu Yayong , Liu Weichun , Zhong Jin
Published: November 2024

Promoting the availability of silage with a high protein content on farms can lead to profitable and sustainable ruminant production systems. Whole plant soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill, WPS) is a promising high-protein forage material for silage production. In this study, we investigated the fermentation quality, amino acids profile and microbial communities of WPS silage in response to inoculation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) alone or in combination with non-LAB agents. Before preparing the treatments, the chopped WPS was homogenized thoroughly with 0.3% molasses (0.3 g molasses per 100 g fresh matter). The treatments included CK (sterilized water), LP (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B90), LPBS (LP combined with Bacillus subtilis C5B1), and LPSC (LP combined with Saccharomyces cerevisiae LO-1), followed by 60 days of fermentation. The inoculants significantly decreased the bacterial diversity and increased the fungal diversity of WPS silage after ensiling. As a result, the contents of lactic acid and acetic acid increased, while the pH value and propionic acid content decreased in the inoculated silages. The amino acids profile was not influenced by inoculants except phenylalanine amino acid, but LP and LPSC silages had substantial greater (p < 0.05) relative feed values of 177.89 and 172.77, respectively, compared with other silages. Taken together, the inoculation of LP alone or in combination with BS was more effective in preserving the nutrients of WPS silage and improve fermentation quality.
Multi-omics analysis reveals indicator features of microbe-host interactions during Candida albicans colonization and subsequent infection
Authors: Zhang Huan , Song Daoyuan , Luo Qiulin , Yu Jiangkun , Wei Yingpu , Chen Di , Wu Guangjuan , Zhang Zhi , Li Zhao , Jiang Hongchao , Gan Jingquan , Deng Deyao , Li Hui , Yuan Wenli
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Candida albicans gastrointestinal (GI) colonization is crucial for the onset of invasive disease. This research encompassed 31 patients diagnosed with Candida spp. bloodstream infections during their admission to a university hospital in China.

Methods

We explored risk factors associated with C. albicans GI colonization and ensuing translocated infection. Animal models were established via gavage with clinical isolates of C. albicans to induce GI tract colonization and subsequent kidney translocation infection. Our analysis is focused on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metabolomics of colon contents, and transcriptomics of colon tissues, examining the intestinal barrier, inflammatory responses, and immune cell infiltration.

Results

This study observed that down-regulation of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) in colon tissues is likely linked to the progression from C. albicans colonization to translocated infection. Notably, reductions in Dubosiella abundance and Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) levels, coupled with increases in Mucispirillum and D-erythro-imidazolylglycerol phosphate, were indicator features during the advancement to translocated invasive infection in hosts with rectal colonization by C. albicans and lower serum protein levels.

Conclusion

Given the similarity in intestinal bacterial communities and metabolome profiles, antifungal treatment may not be necessary for patients with nonpathogenic C. albicans colonization. The reduced expression of PD-1 in colon tissues may contribute to the transition from colonized C. albicans to subsequent translocated infection. The indicator features of decreased Dubosiella abundance and SCFA levels, coupled with increased Mucispirillum and D-erythro-imidazolylglycerol phosphate, are likely linked to the development of translocated invasive infection in hosts colonized rectally by C. albicans with lower serum protein levels.

Importance

Candida albicans invasive infections pose a significant challenge to contemporary medicine, with mortality rates from such fungal infections remaining high despite antifungal treatment. Gastrointestinal colonization by potential pathogens is a critical precursor to the development of translocated infections. Consequently, there is an increasing demand to identify clinical risk factors, multi-omics profiles, and key indicators to prevent the progression to translocated invasive infections in patients colonized rectally by C. albicans.
Cervicovaginal and gastrointestinal microbiomes in gynecological cancers and their roles in therapeutic intervention
Authors: Alhamlan Fatimah S. , Albadawi Ismail A. , Al-Qahtani Ahmed A. , Awartani Khalid A. , Obeid Dalia A. , Tulbah Asma M.
Published: November 2024

Cancer remains a significant global health concern, and understanding factors that regulate cancer development is important. The microbiome, with its potential role in cancer development, progression, and treatment, has garnered increasing attention in recent years. The cervicovaginal and gastrointestinal microbiomes in females constitute complex biological ecosystems. Although the gut microbiome has been extensively studied, little is known about the cervicovaginal microbiome. The microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining local microenvironments and tissue homeostasis, but dysbiosis can disrupt this fine balance and contribute to pathological ramifications leading to cancer. This review explores the current understanding of the microbiome’s correlation with gynecological cancers and highlights the potential of microbiome-based interventions to improve outcomes in these cancers. In addition, this review underscores the gaps and limitations in the literature, such as findings in specific ethnicities compared with understudied ethnicities. In addition, discrepancies in molecular techniques and terminology (microbiome vs. microbiota) used in the literature are addressed. Emerging evidence linking gynecological cancers and dysbiosis underscores microbiota as a potential target for cancer prevention and therapy. Manipulating the microbiome, such as through the use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, or vaginal and fecal transplantation, has demonstrated benefits in the treatment of chronic and inflammatory conditions. Further translational research in this field is needed to integrate the benefits of beneficial microorganisms in the fight against gynecological cancers.
Gut microbiome and NAFLD: impact and therapeutic potential
Authors: Li Liwei , Cai Fuqing , Guo Chen , Liu Zheng , Qin Jiamin , Huang Jiean
Published: November 2024

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 32.4% of the global population and poses a significant health concern. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota—including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites—in the development and progression of NAFLD. Dysbiosis among gut bacteria alters key biological pathways that contribute to liver fat accumulation and inflammation. The gut virome, comprising bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses, significantly shapes microbial community dynamics and impacts host metabolism through complex interactions. Similarly, gut fungi maintain a symbiotic relationship with bacteria; the relationship between gut fungi and bacteria is crucial for overall host health, with certain fungal species such as Candida in NAFLD patients showing detrimental associations with metabolic markers and liver function. Additionally, the “hygiene hypothesis” suggests that reduced exposure to gut parasites may affect immune regulation and metabolic processes, potentially influencing conditions like obesity and insulin resistance. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the intricate interactions within the gut microbiota and their associations with NAFLD. We highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting these microbial communities through interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Addressing the complexities of NAFLD requires comprehensive strategies that consider the multifaceted roles of gut microorganisms in disease pathology.
Comparative iron management in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients: a systematic review
Authors: van Lieshout Thomas S. , Klerks Anastasia K. , Mahic Osman , Vernooij Robin W. M. , Eisenga Michele F. , van Jaarsveld Brigit C. , Abrahams Alferso C.
Published: November 2024

Background

Patients with kidney failure undergoing dialysis often suffer from anemia. Iron deficiency, along with a shortage in erythropoietin, is a common cause. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients may have a different iron metabolism compared to hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aims to compare both dialysis modalities regarding their differences in iron management.

Methods

PubMed (MEDLINE) and Embase were screened for randomized controlled trials and observational studies including both patients on HD or PD with information on iron management. Outcomes for iron management for this systematic review included: prevalence of supplementation, route of administration, dose, frequency and hemoglobin and iron status parameters.

Results

15 eligible studies (930,436 patients), of which 8 cohort and 7 cross-sectional, were analyzed. The prevalence of intravenous (IV) iron supplementation ranged from 11.7% to 84.4% in HD patients, compared to 1.6% to 49.0% in PD patients. Ten studies reported that HD patients only received IV iron, while five studies reported this for PD patients. For oral iron supplementation, three studies involved HD patients, whereas seven studies involved PD patients. The cumulative monthly IV iron dose ranged from 108 to 750 mg in the HD group, compared to 65 to 250 mg in the PD group. Hemoglobin levels ranged from 10.0 to 12.0 g/dL in HD patients, versus 9.6 to 11.9 g/dL in PD patients.

Conclusion

Iron management differs between HD and PD patients, with HD patients receiving higher doses and more frequent IV iron. There was significant heterogeneity in the outcomes between the studies, primarily due to the lack of a uniform global policy on iron management. Despite these differences, hemoglobin levels and iron status parameters were comparable between the two groups. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms and broader impacts of iron treatment, including patient-reported outcomes, to optimize anemia management and improve quality of life for dialysis patients.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022336970.
Combining gene expression microarrays and Mendelian randomization: exploring key immune-related genes in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ding Shuangfeng , Zhang Yunyun , Tang Yunzhe , Zhang Ying , Liu Mingyuan
Published: November 2024

Objective

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by demyelination occurring within the white matter of the central nervous system. While its pathogenesis is intricately linked with the body’s immune response, the precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aims to explore potential immune-related genes associated with MS and assess the causal relationship between these genes and the risk of developing MS.

Methods

We retrieved expression datasets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Immune-related differentially expressed genes (IM-DEGs) were identified using the ImmPort database. GO and KEGG analyses were subsequently performed to elucidate the functions and pathways associated with the IM-DEGs. To visualize protein–protein interactions (PPIs), we used STRING, Cytoscape, and Cytohubba to construct networks of PPIs and hub genes. The diagnostic efficacy of hub genes was assessed using the nomogram model and ROC curve. The correlation of these hub genes was further validated in the mouse EAE model using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Finally, Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to ascertain the causal impact of hub genes on MS.

Results

Twenty-eight IM-DEGs were selected from the intersection of DEGs and immune genes. These genes are involved mainly in antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathways, B cell differentiation, B cell proliferation, and B cell receptor signaling pathways. Using Cytoscape software for analysis, the top 10 genes with the highest scores were identified as PTPRC, CD19, CXCL8, CD79A, IL7, CR2, CD22, BLNK, LCN2, and LTF. Five hub genes (PTPRC, CD19, CXCL8, CD79A, and IL7) are considered to have strong diagnostic potential. In the qPCR validation, the relative expression of these five genes showed significant differences between the control and EAE groups, indicating that these genes may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of MS. The MR results indicate that elevated levels of CD79A (OR = 1.106, 95% CI 1.002–1.222, p = 0.046) are causally positively associated with the risk of developing MS.

Conclusion

This study integrated GEO data mining with MR to pinpoint pivotal immune genes linked to the onset of MS, thereby offering novel strategies for the treatment of MS.