bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The water use efficiency by plants in different breeding periods buckwheat varieties
Authors: Amelin A V , Fesenko A N , Zaikin V V , Chekalin E I , Mazalov V I
Published: March 2021

In the increasing climate aridization context, water effective use by plants is important, which is strongly influenced by photosynthesis and plant transpiration. In these processes’ study, buckwheat plants have pronounced variances, manifested in ontogenesis and during the day at the leaves different tiers level, which accordingly affects the water use effectiveness by plants. The water effective use greatest’ values by plants are observed in the pre-dinner hours (from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m.) during active vegetative growth and mass seed pouring (20 days flowering phase), when photosynthesis processes are active and transpiration is at an average level. As a breeding result, this buckwheat plants property is enhanced, which has a positive effect on seed productivity growth. Modern crop varieties outperform local populations by an average of 19.5% in water use terms during the flowering + 20 days phase, 19.8% in photosynthesis intensity terms, 3.4% in transpiration intensity terms, and 37% in seed productivity terms. At the same time, their resistance to air and soil drought tends to decrease, which negatively affects the stability and photosynthesis, and transpiration, and yield. On this basis, it is not considered appropriate to use the water effective use indicator by plants to assess the breeding material for drought resistance but to recommend it for the only highly productive genotypes’ identification. The promising forms’ selection can be carried out in the field already in the selection’ early stages - the 1st and 2nd years nurseries selection.
Effect of Bacillus cereus IP 5832 and coumarin in the diet on the general state of the broilers
Authors: Kvan O V , Rahmatullin Sh G , Makaeva A M , Sheida E V , Duskaev G K
Published: March 2021

Currently, there is an interest in complex biological preparations based on probiotic strains and plant extracts. Probiotic preparations, together with plant extracts, are natural growth stimulants and can become a promising replacement for antibiotic growth stimulants in poultry farming, the latter stimulate the production of endogenous enzymes, improving the digestibility and absorption of nutrients in feed. Technological prospects for the probiotics and plant extracts practical joint use in poultry farming touch upon a wide range of problems related to the correction of intestinal biocenosis, hormonal and enzymatic systems, stimulation of immunity, prevention and treatment of dysbacteriosis. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of the complex introduction of the probiotic strain Bacillus cereus and a coumarin derivative in the diet of broiler chickens on hematological parameters. In the studied broiler chickens, changes in hematological and biochemical parameters are noted in connection with the processes of their growth and development. All parameters in the blood are accompanied by changes, which indicates an intense metabolic rate, an additional load in the metabolism that requires the participation of protective blood elements.
Estimation of hydraulic structures safety by comparison of strength and stability theories
Authors: Sarukhanyan A A , Vartanyan A A , Vartanyan G G , Tokmajyan H V
Published: March 2021

Hydraulic structures being structures of first class require meeting the safety operation conditions. To secure safety operation conditions of earthfill dams it is important to evaluate their coefficients of stability and strength factor by calculation of mode of deformation of dam body. To complete these calculations the dam body soil actual state observation has to be carried out by experiments. Based on experimental data the mode of deformation of dam body is revealed by software modeling investigations, and safety operation conditions are evaluated. The mode of deformation is defined by nonlinear equations, which specify elasto-plastic state of dam body soil. Hydraulic structures safety and stability evaluation methods are elaborated in case of dynamic impact.
Study of organic matter influence on environmentally hazardous elements transition from the fine fraction of tailings
Authors: Maksimova V V , Krasavtseva E A
Published: March 2021

The interaction of tailings fine fraction (-0.071 mm) of loparite, complex and apatite-nepheline ores with solutions simulating soil waters was experimented in laboratory conditions. Applying the phytotesting method, the toxic effect of an aqueous extract of a loparite and complex ores tailings fine fraction on the growth and development of higher plants was determined. It was found that introduction of dissolved organic matter intensifies the process of rare and non-ferrous metals transition into soluble forms. At the same time, concentrations of pollutants in solutions after five hours of interaction by several times exceed the maximum permissible figures for fishery farms. The research results indicate the environmental hazard of tailings fine fraction as a result of the ingress of mineral particles into the soil and their interaction with soil waters.
Methods for determining the toxicity of technogenic materials used in road construction
Authors: Shepelev I I , Potapova S O , Eskova E N
Published: March 2021

A method for determining the toxicity of soil and technogenic materials used in road construction has been developed. It is proposed to determine the toxicity of technogenic substances used as building materials for the construction of road surfaces by using biotesting on Colpoda steinii infusoria based on the test reaction of the survival rate of these infusoria. Soil samples for toxicity determination were taken at different distances from the roadbed (5, 10, 20, 25, 50 m from the edge of the road surface). During the experiment, it was found that anyone of the tested soil samples taken at a distance of 25 and 50 m from the roadway is not toxic to soil infusoria, and even after three hours of water extraction in all experimental samples, the test objects survived. These data on toxicity confirm additional experiments conducted by another method of biotesting on test cultures. In this case, soft spring wheat (Triticum vulgare L.) variety Novosibirsk 29 and watercress (Lepidium sativum) variety Donskoy were used as test crops. Experiments with these test cultures showed complete identity of the results obtained for toxicity according to the proposed method using Colpoda steinii infusoria.
Theoretical substantiation of the design of the opener of the beet seeder
Authors: Soloviev S V , Abrosimov A G , Dyachkov S V , Bakharev A A , Kartechina N V , Zavrazhnov A A
Published: March 2021

Compliance with the sowing technology is the basis for the cultivation of any agricultural crop, since the yield and product quality, material and monetary costs, the seeding rate, the area of plant nutrition, as well as the design features of the machines used, depend on it. When sowing sugar beet, this issue is most relevant because recently, the sowing of this crop has undergone major changes. Most of the seeds used in Russia are both granulated and single-sprout. The seeding rate is set at the final density and, therefore, a delay in the growth of individual plants is not permissible. In this regard, serious requirements are imposed on the design of the seed sowing apparatus, one of the indicators of which is to ensure the placement of seeds on the loose bottom of the sowing furrow, backfilling it with soil from above with subsequent compaction creates unfavorable conditions for seed germination.
Environmental security in the national security system
Authors: Morgacheva N V , Levashova O V
Published: March 2021

The security of any society depends directly on the solution of environmental problems and first of all on environmental security. It penetrates all the spheres of modern society, such as economics, industry, agriculture, service sector and so on. The environmental security issues from the perspective of the Russian Federation national security are discussed in the article. The purpose of the study is identification of directions of modern state’s environmental security ensuring in the context of sustainable development. The analysis of key legal normative documents in the aspect of succession in the sphere is carried out. The concept «environmental security» is clarified. The key directions of environmental policy in the Russian Federation are defined at the current stage. The disadvantaged environmental situation of particular regions of Russia is determined for the following reasons: annually increasing growth of hazardous industrial and municipal waste; irrational forest and land management; the release of hazardous substances to the atmosphere and water bodies; radiation and chemical pollution of some areas, negative results of arms race (destruction of chemical weapons, problems with utilization of weapons-grade plutonium, radioactive waste from time-expired submarines etc.); residual principle of environmental finance; imperfection of environmental legislation; the omission of power structures at all levels in environmental protection; other technogenic influence on the nature. These reasons indicate the necessity of detailed review of the issue. Current environmental condition in the country identifies insufficient and inefficient use of funds allocated by the state for environmental protection measures.
To the question of the study of individual factors of ensuring rational nature management
Authors: Safronov V V , Shcheblyakov E S , Shapovalova T I , Kubrikova A S , Farafontova E L
Published: March 2021

The system of environmental regulation is the most important element of environmental law - one of the branch legal sciences. Environmental regulation takes a leading place in the system of ensuring proper environmental management. The authors consider rational use of natural resources as a legitimate activity of participants of environmental legal relations, designed to ensure the economical exploitation of natural resources (conditions), as well as the most effective mode of their reproduction, taking into account the prospective interests of business entities, the rights and legitimate interests of the individual, society and the state. The set of environmental norms, containing imperative principles, rules and requirements, become the most important link in the regulatory mechanism of behavior of participants of social relations in the field of the environment. The institute of environmental law is a set of legal norms regulating social relations on the protection of the environment from harmful chemical, physical and biological influences in the process of economic and other activities, as well as on the rational use of natural resources. In accordance with the Russian environmental legislation, the environment is understood as the natural environment, that is, the totality of natural objects and natural resources, including atmospheric air, water, soil, subsoil, flora and fauna, as well as the climate, in their interaction. The content of the concept “environment” does not include such objects of the social environment as buildings, structures, monuments of history and culture, etc. Relations regarding these objects are regulated by other legislation.
Research of passage capacity of combine harvesters depending on agrobiological state of bread mass
Authors: Kuzmich I M , Rogovskii I L , Titova L L , Nadtochiy O V
Published: March 2021

The limits of reducing the numerical values of the coefficients of the influence of straw content, moisture, grain contamination, on the change in the throughput of the threshing-separating device and the productivity of the combine are calculated. The boundaries of the probable numerical values of the coefficients of straw content, moisture content and dockage of grain stand have been calculated. The probable boundaries of the numerical values of productivity after an hour of network (ha/h) were calculated, depending on the influence of single and general coefficients. The method for calculating the productivity of combines, depending on the weight of the influence of individual coefficients or their overall effect, is proposed, which will make it possible to predict the likely change in productivity in a particular field and during the harvest period with minimization of biological crop losses. To obtain the resulting coefficient of influence of the state of grain, it should be taken into account that the direction of change in the value of the coefficient of influence must coincide with the direction of its influence on the throughput. That is, the minimum value of moisture, straw content and debris corresponds to the maximum value of the throughput of the threshing-separating device.
Technological line for processing animal waste
Authors: Fomicheva N V , Rabinovich G Yu
Published: March 2021

The accumulation of animal and poultry waste poses a serious environmental hazard to the environment. One of the ways to eliminate it is the developed technological line for processing animal waste into organic fertilizers and preparations for agriculture and plant growing. The original peat-manure mixture must meet the following requirements - humidity 65-70%, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen - 20-25: 1, pH - 6-8. Controlled modes and parameters of the fermentation process form a high-quality, environmentally friendly fermentation product, which is used as a finished organic fertilizer. It is also possible to obtain a liquid-phase biopreparation from the fermentation product, characterized by a high level of biogenicity (total microbial number of at least 1 × 1010 CFU / ml) Extraction is carried out for two days for this purpose. The sediment formed after the separation of the extracted mass is characterized by a favorable composition and can either itself, after appropriate refinement, be used as an organic fertilizer, or be used as a raw material for obtaining a liquid humic preparation (the content of humic acids is at least 5 g / l, dry matter - not less than 17 g / l, pH 8-9) and humic paste (humidity 80-85%, the content of humic acids is not less than 20%, pH 12-13). Each product of the technological line has its own function for plant growing and agriculture. The technological line is waste-free, resource-saving; it is distinguished by the relative simplicity of production, the ability to scale and use regional raw materials.
Improving the efficiency of the process of technological machines in the context of rational environmental management
Authors: Zyryanov M A , Mokhirev A P , Davydenko A N , Gosman A V
Published: March 2021

The development of the timber industry complex, its current state and prospects show the need for a new resource-saving, environmentally and economically reasonable approach to the organization of the logging process, rational nature management. In recent years, the issues of ensuring the sustainability of development based on careful use of available resources and the environmental safety of production have been discussed. Today logging machines are an integral part of the timber harvesting process chain, and their efficiency directly affects their productivity and the quality of round timber. The paper presents and scientifically substantiated a design solution that increases the efficiency of the process of harvesting machines in freezing temperatures, which allows you to maintain their productivity and the quality of harvested round timber, reducing the proportion of generated logging waste in the form of technological raw materials.
Complex processing of plant raw materials for furfural and glucose production
Authors: Loginova I V , Kharina M V , Kanarskaya Z A , Meshcheryakova M N , Dubkova N Z
Published: March 2021

Data on the dynamics of furfural yield from wheat straw, corn cobs, birch sawdust, oat husk and sugar beet pulp in a narrow temperature range (180 – 190 ° C) were obtained. Low-concentrated solutions of sulfuric and phosphoric acids were used. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic residues was conducted. It was shown that the maximum yield of glucose in birch sawdust was 21.8%, in the corn cobs 18.6%, in wheat straw 19.4%, in sugar beet pulp 15.8 % of absolutely dry substance respectively.
Justification of transport and logistics routes for the movement of natural resources in order to minimize the impact on the environment
Authors: Medvedev S O , Mokhirev A P , Zyryanov M A , Lyshko A S
Published: March 2021

Resolving environmental issues is one of the most important challenges facing the world community. The modern development of industry, on the contrary, tends to maximize the negative impact on nature. The growth of productive forces in Russia is increasingly aimed at the removal of natural resources, which is associated with a negative impact on nature. At the same time, a negative impact is exerted through the abandonment of vast territories contaminated with waste and the results of production activities, as well as the transportation of seized resources to processing sites. The work shows that in order to minimize the impact on the environment, waste should be maximally involved in the production process, and transportation should be carried out by the most optimal routes. As a result of the study, an algorithm for solving the problem of using various natural resources in order to minimize the impact on the environment has been developed, and the stages of working with natural raw materials in order to minimize the impact on the environment and their potential effectiveness are presented.
Paleopalinological survey of soils of the European north-east of Russia having complex organic profile
Authors: Shikhova L N , Filimonova A V
Published: March 2021

The genesis of the soils having second humus horizon in the North-East of the European part of Russia was considered in the paper. The theory of the relict origin of the second humus horizon in sod-podzolic soils was confirmed on the basis of paleopalynological analysis. Data of paleopalinological study of sod-podzolic soils with complex organic profile are presented. In these soils, the remains of the relict humus horizon, which formed in the warmer Atlantic period of the Holocene under broad-leaved forests, have been preserved. It was revealed that despite the significant degree of destruction of the relict horizon, paleomorphs (pollen and plant spores) were preserved in it, which formed phytocenoses of broad-leaved forests. During the optimal period of the Holocene, the northern boundary of the spread of phytocenoses of coniferous-deciduous forests within the borders of the modern Kirov region of Russia presumably passed north of 58 degrees north latitude. Currently, in the region, broad-leaved forests in natural conditions have been preserved south of 56 degrees north latitude. The results will clarify the species composition of vegetation and the history of landscape development in the Kirov region of Russia in the Holocene.
Suggestions for mainstreaming agro-climatic zone of the subject in order to assess the integrated land quality indicator
Authors: Sergeeva V A , Shirina N V
Published: March 2021

The results of the studies are presented, during which it was found that in recent years the Russian Federation constituent entity climatic conditions have changed significantly. This is confirmed by the data provided by the Roshydromet and the given calculations. All this influenced the agroecological potential, which is involved in assessing the integrated agricultural land quality indicator. A climatic indicators comprehensive study result was the three agro-climatic zones identification on the subject territory with agroecological potential 8.1-9.2. The basis for identifying new agro-climatic assessment zones was the change in the agroecological potential indicator by 0.5 units or more. The above calculations confirm the assumption about the subject zoning the territory possibility into the three zones. A territory new zoning is proposed, and, consequently, the agroecological potential new values.
Agrochemical objectivation of corn root residues accumulation using different methods of soil treatment and fertilizer doses
Authors: Litsukov S D , Kotlyarova E G , Kuznetsova L N , Akinchin A V , Linkov S A
Published: March 2021

Soil treatment and fertilization influenced the amount of root residues in the soil. The greatest amount of root residues mass was obtained by plowing and ranged from 4.45 t/ha in the control to 5.06 t/ha in the variant with the introduction of mineral fertilizers. For all treatments, the application of organic and mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on root residues accumulation, their maximum accumulation was obtained in the variant N130P130K130 + N100 and amounted to 4.67 - 5.06 t/ha. For all processing methods, the highest load of corn root residues is in the 0-10 cm layer. On average over the years of research maize for silage left in a grain-row crop rotation in a soil layer of 0-30 cm on the control for plowing 22.3 kg/ha of nitrogen, 2.8 kg/ha of phosphorus and 7.0 kg/ha of potassium. The use of mineral fertilizers at the rates (NPK) 70 and (NPK) 140 increased these indicators respectively to 28.0-30.2; 3.8-3.9 and 10.9-11.6 kg/ha. Organic fertilizers in the third year of aftereffect practically did not change the amount of nutrients accumulation in comparison with the unfertilized option. Using organo-mineral fertilization system nitrogen remained in the soil with a root mass of 28.0-28.9 kg/ha, phosphorus 4.1-4.2 and 10.9-11.3 kg/ha of potassium. A similar pattern was observed in the variants with soil cultivation without seam turnover and in the variant with the aftereffect of manure after shallow cultivation significantly less nutrients were accumulated compared to plowing. So, on plowed plots there was more nitrogen by 1.8 kg/ha, by 0.4 kg/ha phosphorus and by 0.7 kg/ha potassium. The methods of basic soil treatment in this crop rotation did not have a significant effect on the nutrients’ accumulation.
Geomorphological engineering studies of anthropogenic variability of relief in the marine coastal zone
Authors: Grinfeldt Yu S
Published: March 2021

With the development of the coastal zone and the development of the urbanization process, coastal engineering poses a serious threat to local ecosystems. Poorly designed coastal engineering will have irreversible consequences for local ecosystems, such as loss of biodiversity, loss of connectivity and overall degradation of ecosystems. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the concept of ecosystem design of coastal infrastructure. One of the most important problems of marine engineering geomorphology is the drift of approach channels and changes in the coastal relief. These phenomena are a manifestation of a single process of sediment movement along the coast. The main deformations of the relief, as a rule, are determined by the features of the transverse structure of the alongshore sediment flow. This study discussed the methodology for calculating the movement of sediments, the transformation of the relief of the coastal zone. Regional examples show in general terms the assessment of the drift rate of different channels and different sections of individual channels. The problem of drift and artificial deepening of approach channels of ports is highlighted on the example of the coastal zones of the Baltic Sea. In general, these studies can contribute to improving the development of ecosystem coastal engineering.
Limestone and slaked lime influence physical and chemical modelling on the mixed mineral fertilizers components activity
Authors: Podshivalova A K , Butorina N V
Published: March 2021

A binary systems’ components mutual influence thermodynamic assessment containing limestone or slaked lime in a mixture with nitrogen-containing, potassium-containing and phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers has been carried out. The systems under study the following indicators were taken into account: the Gibbs system energy, the corresponding components chemical potentials, the solution components amount, the evolved gases amount, the solution pH, and the system redox potential. The results obtained made it possible to conclude an increase in the oxygen chemical activity in systems containing limestone and slaked lime. At the same time, the slaked lime introduction gives an increasing oxygen activity significantly greater effect than the limestone introduction. The maximum effect concerning an increase in oxygen activity is achieved with the limestone and slaked lime introduction in doses of approximately 2 t/ha in the mixed mineral fertilizers’ composition. The phosphorus activity increases with calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide increasing amounts in mixtures. The potassium activity is lower than that of phosphorus. Nitrogen has the lowest activity, which is possibly due to the low-activity gaseous nitrogen present in the system, although, as shown by the simulation results, there is its transformation thermodynamic probability into a nitrate ion. Binary mixtures based on calcium carbonate have a higher oxidation potential in comparison with calcium hydroxide.
Chemical and analytical properties of zeolite-containing rocks, poultry farm waste and their composite mixtures
Authors: Zubkova T V , Motyleva S M , Dubrovina O A
Published: March 2021

The comparative mineral composition of the zeolite-containing rock of the Terbunskoye field, poultry farm waste and composite mixtures with poultry farm waste has been carried out. The authors investigated the chemical and analytical properties of 3 variants of composite mixtures in relation to the waste of a poultry farm: zeolite - 45:55; 90:55; 180: 55. The method of spectrophotometry was the first to determine the chemical properties of zeolite samples and composite mixtures - antioxidant activity (inhibition of 0.025% DPPH solution, λ-517nm) in aqueous and alcoholic (carbinol) extracts; the sum of phenolic compounds (by the Folin-Chocalteu method, λ-750), and absorption spectra in the UV and visible spectral regions. The content of the main nutrients - Na, Mg, P, K Ca, Zn and Mo in the waste samples of the poultry farm is 15; 6, 21; 3.6; 14; 5.5 and 3.9 times higher, respectively, then in zeolite samples. And the use of composite mixtures contributes to the creation of fertilizers with specified parameters in terms of mineral composition.
Analysis of the properties of active dyes
Authors: Nikolaeva N V , Gribkova V A , Vasilievich N V , Sunaeva S G , Skrylnikova O A
Published: March 2021

The range of active dyes used for dyeing materials made of natural plant fibers includes about a thousand brands belonging to more than 50 groups all over the world. Among them, bifunctional active dyes are of research and practical interest. They allow to obtain intense and durable bright color scheme due to their chemical specificity. Also they save not only the dye itself, but a number of additional textile auxiliary substances, which in turn is favorably affects the environmental performance of the dyeing process. The authors present in the article the analysis of experimental data, which make it possible to obtain or verify chemical, physicochemical and coloristic indicators of the properties of mono-, bi- and polyfunctional active dyes. Conclusions are made on the dependence of these indicators in the process of dyeing textile materials according to several technologies most often used in finishing production.
The use of phosphoric acid waste product for calcium sulfide production
Authors: Medennikov O A , Shabelskaya N P , Gaidukova Yu A , Astakhova M N , Chernysheva G M
Published: March 2021

The article studies the technological features of calcium sulfide production from phosphogypsum. To ensure the environmental safety of industrial enterprises, closed production cycles creation is necessary. One of the criteria for “green” technologies is industrial waste recycling. Phosphogypsum formed during the orthophosphoric acid production from apatite raw materials by sulfuric acid method can be classified as large-tonnage waste. Phosphogypsum can be considered a mineral with zero mining costs and zero feedstock to produce valuable products. The synthesized materials are characterized using a complex of modern methods such as X-ray phase analysis, and electron microscopy. An environmentally friendly precursor, sucrose, is used as a reducing agent for calcium sulfate. The recovered material is a mixture of calcium sulfate and sulfide. When illuminated with ultraviolet light, it glows yellow-orange. The article presents an integrated approach to the problem of phosphoric acid production waste disposal by marketable products production.
Control of the stability of the results of studies of cadmium content using the method of additions in cow’s milk samples
Authors: Rebezov M B , Kudryavtseva T M , Meshcheryakova G V , Derkho M A , Shakirova S S , Gumenyuk O A
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the need to use hardware to cover a wide range in the determination of toxic elements (heavy metals) in food. The primary and important task is to ensure control of the quantitative content of cadmium, the introduction and application of fast and reliable methods of their research. The analysis of the data obtained shows that all the results on the study of milk for the content of cadmium, obtained by stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry by assessing the precision and operational control of the error using the method of additions, are satisfactory. The implementation of the methods of stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry achieves the best precision of research results in the testing laboratory, both under repeatability conditions and under conditions of intermediate precision. The results obtained indicate that in the range of less than 0.01 mg of cadmium per 1 kg of cow’s milk, prevail (42.2%) over other ranges (during monitoring). The least registered sample results are (1.4%) with the range of obtained data - 0.01-0.05 mg/kg.
Experimental studies on the evaluation of ultrasonic effects on the structure, composition and nutrition of sunflower husks
Authors: Bykov A V , Kvan O V , Miroshnikov S A , Duskaev G K
Published: March 2021

Today, the bulk of the sun generated in the food and processing industry (about 70%) is supplied to agriculture unchanged, and more than 10% is not used at all. The volume of aircraft waste annually in Russia is about 3.0 million tons and the problem of their use requires serious attention, since the content of dry substances in them is about 5-10%, they are very unstable during storage, quickly sour, ferment, losing valuable components and polluting the environment. Storing them in this state is possible only for 2-3 days. Therefore, it is undoubtedly relevant and necessary to increase the degree and depth of processing of raw materials, the complexity of its use, more complete extraction of valuable components from it with the use of progressive environmentally friendly technologies. The studies were carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agricultural Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences” and the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Orenburg State University”. In the course of the work, laboratory studies were carried out to assess the effect of cavitation treatment of sunflower husks on the chemical properties. Based on the studies carried out, it can be noted that the most pronounced changes in the chemical composition of sunflower husks are observed at pH3. So after processing in an acidic environment, the content of crude fiber is 35-40%, while the digestibility increases to 53.6%. In an alkaline medium, these values were on average 5-10% lower than in an acidic medium. The depth of interaction of cavitation treatment of sunflower husks depends on the exposure time, temperature and ultrasound intensity. It is technologically expedient to carry out cavitation treatment with the following parameters: hydromolule 1:3, medium temperature from 40 to 60 °C, time 15-20 minutes, ultrasound intensity 0.3-0.35 kW.
Main aspects of liquefied natural gas process line thermal and hydraulic calculations
Authors: Karyakina E D , Shammazov I A , Shalygin A V
Published: March 2021

The rapid growth of liquefied natural gas consumption makes the issues of its transportation more urgent. At present, liquefied natural gas pipeline transportation is carried out only by means of short length process lines. This paper discusses the main features of cryogenic liquids pipeline transportation that obstruct its spread. The proposed model allows to carry out thermal and hydraulic calculations of an underground cryogenic pipeline. The distinctive feature of this model is the fact that it takes into account the changes in basic thermodynamic parameters of cryogenic liquid. The model is based on the Darcy-Weisbach equation and a differential heat transfer equation. In addition, the influence of the Joule-Thomson coefficient inversion on the temperature of the pumping cryogenic liquid was discussed. The comparative analysis of the pipeline construction efficiency made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and AISI 321 steel was conducted. It was found that the use of polymer materials contributes to an increase in the transportation distance. The developed model can be applied for estimation of the transportation parameters change of single-phase fluid flow. The obtained results can be used in initial analysis of the process lines designing and construction.
Ecological activity area formation of an industrial enterprise: applied aspects
Authors: Gavrilov O E , Eremeeva S S , Karaganova N G , Kazakov A V , Mironov A A
Published: March 2021

Environmental problems aggravation in Russian regions and especially in urbanized areas is associated with an increased load on the environment from industrial enterprises and various types of transport. At present, any enterprise that uses natural resources is a powerful source of environmental pollution the impact of which can be reduced only with the complete greening of production and the implementation of environmental strategies. One of the strategic directions for city or region ecological safety formation can be the study of ecological activity area formation of an industrial enterprise as an indicator of increasing the ecological efficiency of its environmental protection activities, directions and prospects for reducing the harmful effect on all the main natural components.
Monitoring the stability of the results of studies of chilled river fish for cadmium content using the method of additions
Authors: Cherkasova E I , Rebezov M B , Shariati M A , Kharybina M M , Muradova Z V
Published: March 2021

The results obtained indicate that in the range of less than 0.01 mg of cadmium per 1 kg of river fish prevails (43.3%) over other ranges. The least registered sample results (4.3%) with the range of obtained data - 0.1-1.0 mg/kg. The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the need to encompass a broad spectrum in the determination of cadmium in river fish in hardware. The primary and important task remains to ensure control of the quantitative content of cadmium, the introduction and application of fast and reliable methods of their research. The analysis of the data obtained shows that all the results on the study of chilled river fish for the content of cadmium, obtained by the methods of stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry, to assess the precision and operational control of the error using the method of additions are satisfactory. The implementation of the methods of stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry achieves the best precision of research results in the testing laboratory, both under repeatability conditions and under conditions of intermediate precision.
Influence of well watercut on pumping parameters
Authors: Shatskaya L A , Kichigina A A , Kochetkov N E , Samoylov V A
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the impact of well watercutting on the reliability of field pipelines and pumping parameters. As a result of the analysis of statistical data on the number of accidents over the last 9 years, it has been established that the main part of accidents is associated with high watercut oil. Besides, approaching the value of the volume fraction of water in the emulsion to a critical one can lead to a pressure drop beyond the standard values. The article deals with the impact of well watercut on the reliability of field pipelines and pumping parameters. As a result of the analysis of statistics on the number of accidents over the past 9 years, it has been established that the main share of accidents is associated with high watercut of well products. Its high content is the reason for intense corrosion and erosion wear of pipe material, which leads to formation of in-pipe corrosion zones and, as a result, pipeline leaks.
Monte Carlo method for modelling the copolymerization of isobutylene and isoprene
Authors: Antonova I O , Dmitricheva R R , Bronskaya V V , Manuyko G V , Kharitonova O S , Balzamov D S
Published: March 2021

There is the algorithm of modelling the copolymerization of isobutylene and isoprene in the medium of methyl chloride. This algorithm is based on the Monte Carlo method. The algorithm allows to perform simulations with a large value of the statistical ensemble at a saleable using of computer time. Whereby, the following reactions are modelled: initiation, chain growth and chain transfer to the monomer. In the process of work, the program calculates the dependence of the concentrations of all reagents on the polymerization time: active centres, monomers and chain transfer agents. The result of the calculation is the molecular-weight distribution curve.
Assessment of living ground cover under the influence of logging activities in the taiga zone
Authors: Pilipko E N , Zarubina L V , Kharchenko N N , Smirnov S A , Geraimovich A O
Published: March 2021

The influence of logging activities on the taiga ecosystems of the North-West is ambiguous. As a result of clear felling, tree and shrub vegetation is destroyed, which subsequently, as a result of a sharp change in environmental factors, makes a fundamental change in the biodiversity of the living ground cover. There is a complete change of botanical forest species that are part of the living ground cover for the species diversity characteristic of open landscapes. The overgrowth of clearings with grasses and undergrowths occurs depending on the typological characteristics of the felled stand and the season of the felling year. The subsequent overgrowth of clearings with herbaceous vegetation depends not only on the species composition of reforestation species, but also on various natural conditions - the features of the relief, climatic, soil and hydrological conditions. Therefore, the process of restoration of felling areas is not always positive. In order to ensure rational, sustainable and sustainable forest management, it is necessary for timber industry organizations and specialists of the forestry complex to use various measures prescribed in the “Methodological Recommendations for the Conservation of Biological Diversity in Timber Harvesting in the Vologda Region”.
Development and implementation of a project for an open-air cage complex for keeping wild animals in captivity
Authors: Moiseeva T A
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the construction of enclosure complexes for keeping wild animals in captivity. The absence of a clear definition and regulation of the term “open-air cage keeping” is noted, which complicates the organization of the open-air cage keeping of animals. It is indicated that for the development and implementation of an open-air cage complex, one should be guided by the building codes adopted in Russia, as well as the norms for organizing zoo nurseries, and the norms for keeping animals. The step-by-step rules for choosing a place, construction of cages, corrals, enclosures and other premises for keeping animals, features of electrical wiring, water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation, and features of office premises are analyzed in detail. The selection and training of personnel for enclosure complexes should be based on the number and types of animals kept in the enclosure and working conditions (degree of mechanization, electrification). It is concluded that modern enclosures are a complex of structures for keeping animals, as well as their maintenance (administrative, economic, research and production, veterinary zone).
Efficiency evaluation of anticoccidials against the background of chickens infection with field coccidia isolate
Authors: Yakovleva I N , Yakovleva E G , Dronov V V , Topuria L Y
Published: March 2021

The article gives a comparative efficiency evaluation of anticoccidials of different pharmacological groups at experimental infection of chickens with field coccidia isolate selected from the production sites of the poultry complex of the Belgorod region. The selected mixture of field strains of coccidia is partially resistant to eimicide, maksiban, esdot, decox (anticoccidial index is from 150.0 to 156.3). High sensitivity was noted to robenz, avatek and tsigro (anticoccidial index is from 160.4 to 177.1), in the absence of birds’ death in all groups that receive preparations. The use of preparations against the background of chickens’ infection reduced the loss of body weight gain. In groups receiving eimicide, maksiban and esdot it reduced by 2.3 and 4%, respectively; in groups receiving decox, robenz, avatec and zigro it reduced by 5.7.11 and 15%. It should be taken into account that the partial resistance of coccidia to the preparations mentioned above can be increased and transmitted genetically. Therefore, there is a need for constant monitoring and rotation of preparations at this poultry complex.
Innovative solutions used in Holstein breeding by Osnabrück livestock association (OHG)
Authors: Titorenko K , Zhichkin K
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the dairy farming industry in Russia and the Samara region, presents the experience, achievements and strategy of innovative technologies in the breeding of the Holstein breed - the selection of the Osnabrück livestock breeding association in Germany. The aim of the research is to study the efficiency of selection and genetic work with cattle of German selection and transfer the experience gained to the conditions of the Samara region. In Germany, the main goal is to achieve the following indicators: to obtain from each bull at least 100 daughters in at least 80 farms for the indicator of productive breeding value and at least 80 daughters in at least 60 farms for the indicator of exterior breeding values. The use of the German genomic selection of the Holstein breed in Russia puts all selection and breeding work on a new intensive path of development of dairy cattle breeding, resulting in an increase in the number of pedigree animals and an increase in their milk productivity. The study and application of the experience of creating a German breeding service in the Russian Federation and the Samara region will significantly increase milk production, improve the genetic quality of pedigree livestock, and reduce the unit costs for breeding due to the timely identification and removal of animals with low genetic potential from reproduction.
Detecting bioluminescence conditions in fruit bodies of two species of Armillaria basidiomycetes
Authors: Puzyr A P , Burov A E , Bondar V S
Published: March 2021

Mycelia of various Armillaria fungi are bioluminescent while the fruit bodies do not emit light. The presence in fruit bodies of Armillaria species of enzymes involved in the fungal bioluminescence was investigated by treating them with an exogenous analogue of the substrate for the light-emitting reaction. For this, hot extracts from nonluminous fungus Pholiota squarrosa were used. Upon spraying the pristine and transversely cut fruit bodies with the extracts, light emitting regions of different intensity were revealed. This suggests that the fruit bodies of the studied species are nonluminous due to lack of the substrate for light luminescent reaction. The prolonged incubation of the fruit bodies in water elevated the bioluminescence level. A possible mechanism which can explain this phenomenon is discussed.
Screening of bacterial kidney disease in the North-West region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Alontseva D A , Zavyalova E A , Droshnev A E , Bulina K Yu
Published: March 2021

Our country has all potential for development of an aquaculture as one of sectors of agriculture, due to a huge number of fresh water areas and the extended line of the seas. Bacterial kidney disease, a chronic disease in the Salmonidae family, causes significant damage to aquaculture development. Modern proposals for the use of various antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs do not bring a significant effect to control the spread of this disease, and due to the peculiarity of the pathogenesis of the disease, the development of an effective vaccine against bacterial kidney disease is currently difficult, therefore the most effective method of controlling and preventing the disease is early diagnosis of the disease. The article discusses the results of exploratory studies of bacterial kidney disease in fish-breeding enterprises of the North-West region of the Russian Federation for the period from March 2019 to March 2020.
Protein spectrum and blood biochemical parameters in stallions with different sperm motility
Authors: Atroshchenko M M , Shitikova A M , Engalycheva M G , Sinyakina A I , Nezalenova A A
Published: March 2021

The analysis of the protein spectrum of blood was carried out by electrophoresis in agarose gel in combination with the determination of biochemical parameters in 30 stallions of the Arabian breed, divided into groups according to the indicator of progressive sperm mobility. Group 1 included stallions with progressive mobility (PM) up to the 25th percentile (PM, % <53.35), group 2 - stallions with progressive mobility within the 25-75th percentile (53.35 <PM, % <65.18), and group 3 - stallions with progressive mobility above the 75th percentile (PM, %> 65.18). In the 1st group of stallions, the highest concentrations of α2-globulins and γ-globulins of blood were found. The 3rd group of stallions showed the lowest concentration of glucose and urea.
Monitoring of production processes in the waste processing industry and their impact on the environment
Authors: Kovalev I V , Kovalev D I , Voroshilova A A , Tuev E V , Tueva E V
Published: March 2021

Methods and practical implementations of monitoring production processes in industrial processing of solid household waste and their impact on the environment are considered. This makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the interaction of the automated enterprise management system with the objects of the enterprise in the implementation of their modeling, as well as to raise the level of controllability of the production system. With the implementation of continuous analysis, the problem of optimizing the links between processing facilities is solved in order to ultimately increase the output of high-quality products, the company’s response to external changes and the requirements of environmental standards. The presently actual production facilities providing processing of solid household waste are considered. Within the framework of the IDEF0 functional modeling method, the characteristic properties of enterprises are determined and their representation is built in the form of an IDEF0-model.