bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATION EXERCISE PROGRAMME FOR CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES WHO HAVE PRESERVED VESTIGIAL PRIMITIVE REFLEXES
Authors: Grzywniak Celestyna
Published: November 2017

Background: The main goal of the research was to determine the usefulness of the Integration exercise programme stimulating development in children with learning difficulties who have preserved vestigial primitive reflexes. Their symptoms included weak motor and visual-motor coordination, lowered visual and auditory analysis and synthesis which resulted in difficulties in reading and writing, disrupted emotional development, psychomotor hyperactivity, weak concentration and other symptoms.

Material/ Methods: 104 children with learning difficulties and other accompanying symptoms took part in the experiment. The children were trained in the shape of the Integration exercise programme at school under a therapist’s supervision and additionally at home under parental supervision. The children who went through the whole programme were qualified to the experimental group and those who resigned from the programme after a short period of time – to the control group. A pre-test and a post-test, before and after completion of the Integration exercise programme, was used to evaluate the results.

Results: It was found that the Integration exercise programme is useful in therapy involving facilitation of development in children with learning difficulties, who exhibit various symptoms. Almost all the obtained results were statistically significant. The Integration exercise programme is particularly effective in the case of children exhibiting a whole set of symptoms along with learning difficulties, problems with concentration, weak emotion control, weak motor development, abnormal muscle tension, weak motor coordination.

Conclusions:The Integration exercise programme widens the range of methods stimulating development and the range of possibilities to apply the therapy practiced in psychology, pedagogy and physiotherapy.
MEDIATORS OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PROCRASTINATION AND NEUROTICISM
Authors: Markiewicz Katarzyna
Published: November 2017

Background: Procrastination means delaying action, which creates serious problems both in academic, work, and clinical settings since it leads to reduced performance levels, and gives rise to psychological distress resulting in lower levels of health and well-being. Therefore, it is imperative to acquire a better know ledge of its reasons and relationships with psychological factors. Yet, the nature of those rela tionships remains am biguous. One of reasons is that many fac tors considered as causes of procrastination work as mediators, modify ing the relationships of procrastination with other factors. Hence, the present study aimed at delineating the factors, which might have a mediating effect upon the interface of procrastination with personality features.

Material/Methods: Undergraduate students (n=62) participated in the study. The participation was voluntary and anonymous. A self-constructed Questionnaire of Predictors of Procrastination (QPP), a Polish version of the NEO-FFI test, and a Polish adaptation of the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) were administered, and there was no time limit.

Results: Positive significant correlations between neurotism and general, decisive, and behavioral procrastination were found. There was also a significant interaction of neuroticism with the fear of failure, evaluation anxiety, low motivation and a lack of persistence as well as a lack of time management. In addition, the tendency to succumb to temptations and distractibility proved to be significantly related with procrastination, which suggests a lack of self-control.

Conclusions: The current study confirmed observations that a neurotic personality does not determine procrastination but both those variables do interact. This study also shows that anxiety plays a significant role in starting actions and/or in accomplishing it. This is not only a fear of final evaluation, but the fear following the belief of impossibility to properly deal with a given action. Moreover, a capability of controlling emotions is closely connected with self-control enabling the planning, and organizing of an action, which is one of the main problems of procrastinators.
EVOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN ISRAEL
Authors: Gołębiewski Jarosław
Published: November 2017

The aim of the study was to identify changes in the role of agricultural cooperatives in the food
supply chain in Israel. The potential and productivity of agriculture have been characterized. Analysis
of transformations in the organizational model of agricultural cooperatives and its position in the food
chain was analyzed. Two basic forms of Israeli agricultural cooperatives, kibbutz and mosquito have
been characterized. Research has shown that cooperative enterprises are an important set of actors in
the food supply chain in Israel.
A organização curricular e a avaliação da aprendizagem como dispositivos pedagógicos: uma experiência em EJA
Authors: Saléh Amado Luiz Antonio
Published: November 2017

Este artigo problematiza os efeitos provocados pela integração curricular e pela alteração das formas de avaliar a aprendizagem nas práticas pedagógicas cotidianas e no modo de subjetivação de professores da educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) de uma escola pública federal. Com base na revisão da literatura sobre o tema, na participação efetiva nos espaços coletivos de discussão e no relato da experiência dos educadores, descreve as dificuldades e as resistências surgidas durante tal processo. Destaca o papel do currículo integrado e da avaliação da aprendizagem como dispositivos pedagógicos, permitindo colocar em discussão as relações e as práticas instituídas. Conclui apontando a importância de se criarem condições de possibilidade para que tanto professores quanto alunos discutam as relações e as práticas assumidas como naturais à educação, com vistas a instaurar fazeres pedagógicos instituintes e que potencializem as discussões, favorecendo o surgimento de estratégias educacionais implicadas com a transformação social. 
A cirurgia cardíaca, o corpo e suas (im)possibilidades: significados atribuídos por pacientes pós-cirúrgicos
Authors: Wottrich Shana Hastenpflug , Quintana Alberto Manuel , Crepaldi Maria Aparecida , Oliveira Stefanie Griebeler , De Quadros Carlos Oclides Pereira
Published: November 2017

Trata-se de um estudo clínico-qualitativo, de cunho exploratório e descritivo, cujo objetivo foi compreender os significados atribuídos à cirurgia cardíaca para pacientes submetidos a esse procedimento. Os participantes foram 12 usuários de um ambulatório de cardiologia de um hospital universitário do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais e analisados mediante a análise de conteúdo. As categorias emergentes apontam estranhamento dos sujeitos com relação ao novo corpo, suas potencialidades e limitações, no período pós-cirúrgico. Os participantes referiram sentirem-se frágeis e vulneráveis, remetendo à incerteza com relação ao futuro, o que parece desencadear um movimento reflexivo. Discutem-se implicações desses significados e ressalta-se a necessidade de reflexão sobre os parâmetros de atenção à saúde para esses pacientes, de forma a subsidiar ações que se pautem pelo princípio da integralidade, visando ao protagonismo dos sujeitos em seus tratamentos.
Estratégias de enfrentamento da violência urbana por ativistas sociais do rio de janeiro
Authors: Sonoda Katerine Da Cruz Leal , Assis Simone Gonçalves de , Schenker Miriam
Published: November 2017

Este artigo investiga a participação dos sujeitos em ativismo social como fator de enfrentamento e, ou, ressignificação da violência urbana. Os objetivos específicos foram conhecer a vivência da violência urbana expressa pelos entrevistados, estudar as principais formas de enfrentamento e refletir sobre possíveis relações entre as vivências de violência na saúde. Foram realizadas catorze entrevistas com membros de quatro instituições cariocas de enfrentamento da violência urbana. A violência se mistura e influencia a história de vida dos ativistas, na qual o cotidiano e as atividades diárias foram modificados pelas experiências de violência. A maior parte dos entrevistados afirmou ter tido a saúde física e mental alterada/prejudicada. Identificou-se o uso de estratégias individuais e coletivas de enfrentamento da violência. A lógica interna do grupo aponta que a atitude de lidar com a violência é considerada como uma forma de proteção, levando à construção de estratégias de enfrentamento e, ou, redução da violência urbana. 
Guess the Number of…
Authors: Housen Monica
Published: November 2017

This engaging activity helps improve students' estimation skills while encouraging persistence and mathematical discussion.
Steel‐HSC composite beams with partial shear connection and miniaturized limited‐slip‐capacity connectors
Authors: Classen Martin , Stark Alexander , Hegger Josef
Published: November 2017

The flexural strength of steel‐concrete composite members depends on both the shear capacity and the ductility of the shear connectors between steel beam and concrete slab. Plastic design strategies of composite beams (equilibrium method) allow the shear strength of the connectors to be easily considered. However, these models do not take into account the deformation behaviour of the connectors nor their limited slip capacity. Several design codes only allow ductile shear connectors with a deformation capacity δult of at least 6 mm to be used, while composite beams with non‐ductile connectors (δult < 6 mm) are excluded from plastic design. Consequently, promising innovative shear connectors with non‐ductile deformation behaviour cannot be used economically. Using the example of the miniaturized pin connector, this paper illustrates how finite element models of composite beams – considering both the shear and slip capacities of the connectors – can be used to derive the minimum degree of partial shear connection for beams with limited slip capacity. The proposed modelling strategy and the methodology for deducing the minimum degree of partial shear connection can be transferred and assigned to other types of shear connector with either a ductile or non‐ductile deformation behaviour.
Dependence between path-length and size in random digital trees
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Hwang Hsien-Kuei
Published: November 2017

We study the size and the external path length of random tries and show that they are asymptotically independent in the asymmetric case but strongly dependent with small periodic fluctuations in the symmetric case. Such an unexpected behavior is in sharp contrast to the previously known results on random tries, that the size is totally positively correlated to the internal path length and that both tend to the same normal limit law. These two dependence examples provide concrete instances of bivariate normal distributions (as limit laws) whose components have correlation either zero or one or periodically oscillating. Moreover, the same type of behavior is also clarified for other classes of digital trees such as bucket digital trees and Patricia tries.
Phase transition in random distance graphs on the torus
Authors: Ajazi Fioralba , Napolitano George M. , Turova Tatyana
Published: November 2017

In this paper we consider random distance graphs motivated by applications in neurobiology. These models can be viewed as examples of inhomogeneous random graphs, notably outside of the so-called rank-1 case. Treating these models in the context of the general theory of inhomogeneous graphs helps us to derive the asymptotics for the size of the largest connected component. In particular, we show that certain random distance graphs behave exactly as the classical Erdős–Rényi model, not only in the supercritical phase (as already known) but in the subcritical case as well.
Neurogenic Edema from Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Resulting in Fulminant Infection Necessitating Below Elbow Amputation
Authors: Carpenter Daniel , Draeger Reid
Published: November 2017

We report a case of severe upper extremity complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS-1) and neurogenic edema that ultimately led to a medically necessary below-elbow amputation. The patient presented with a history of remote bilateral carpal tunnel release complicated by debilitating and recalcitrant bilateral CRPS-1. Following years of severe neurogenic edema of the left upper extremity, the patient had full-thickness skin sloughing on the dorsum of her hand due to massive edema. This subsequently led to maggot infestation of the soft tissues of the left hand ultimately necessitating amputation. We present the case as an illustration of an extreme case of neurogenic edema, a potential physical manifestation of CRPS-1. The case presented discusses upper extremity amputation as an end treatment option for CRPS-1, though in this case amputation was primarily indicated secondary to medical necessity.
Large Eddy Simulation of Diesel Spray Combustion With a Multi-Component Drop Vaporization Model
Authors: Ren Xiaohua , Zhang Lei , Ji Zhongli
Published: November 2017

Large-eddy simulation (LES) of diesel spray and combustion was performed to study its improvement in the simulation of engine in-cylinder dynamics compared to the Reynolds-averaged simulation. For the LES, the dynamic structure approach was used to model the sub-grid turbulence and its interaction with the moving droplets in the spray. A multicomponent vaporization model (MCV) based on the continuous thermodynamics approach and a gamma distribution to describe the distribution of the numerous fuel components, was used to simulate the vaporization of diesel fuel droplets. The MCV model was imbedded into the LES framework in the KIVA-4 program. Using this LES model, a non-evaporative spray in a constant-volume chamber was first simulated. More realistic spray structures and improved agreements in the spray penetration with the experimental data were obtained by the LES compared to a Reynolds-averaged simulation of the same spray. A further simulation of an evaporative diesel spray and the subsequent combustion process using both LES and MCV models was also performed. Improved agreements with the experimental data in the spray structures and soot distributions were also observed using both models.
Experimental Validation of a 3-Component Surrogate for Sasol-IPK in Single Cylinder Diesel Engine and IQT
Authors: Alkhayat Samy A. , Trivedi Manan J. , Henein Naeim A. , Mukhopadhyay Sampad , Schihl Peter
Published: November 2017

The goal of this investigation is to compare the validation of Sasol-IPK and its surrogate fuel in the IQT and in an actual diesel engine. The surrogate fuel is composed of three components (46% iso-cetane, 44% decalin and 10% n-nonane on a volume basis). IQT experiments were conducted as per ASTM D6890-10a. Engine experiments were conducted at 1500 RPM, two engine loads, and two injection timings. Analysis of the ignition delay, peak pressure, peak RHR and other combustion phasing parameters, showed a closer match in IQT than in the diesel engine. This investigation suggests that validation in a single cylinder diesel engine should be a part of the surrogate validation, particularly for low ignition quality fuels.
Avaliação de Coliformes Totais e Escherichia coli em Diferentes Lotes de Água Mineral Comercializadas em um Município do Sudoeste Baiano
Authors: Mattos Gisele Norberto , Lima Luciana Gonçalves , Vieira Viviane Figueiredo , Duarte Stênio Fernando Pimentel
Published: November 2017

A água, substância indispensável à saúde e a manutenção do corpo humano, bem como de todos os organismos vivos em nosso planeta, também se destaca como meio de disseminação de microrganismos patogênicos, como os coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, que são indicadores de contaminação fecal. Sendo assim, o presente estudo foi realizado com a finalidade de verificar a qualidade da água mineral vendida no comércio de Vitória da Conquista/Ba, utilizando o Aquatest Coli® (Laborclin), para realizar as análises de acordo com as orientações do fabricante. Os resultados demonstraram a inexistência de coliformes totais e de Escherichia coli em todas as amostras analisadas, estando assim aptas para o consumo. Em estudos realizados em outros municípios, foram encontradas altas taxas de contaminação por coliformes totais e E. coli, o que justifica a insegurança do consumidor.
From playing to designing: Enhancing educational experiences with location-based mobile learning games
Authors: Edmonds Roger , Smith Simon
Published: November 2017

This paper presents research into the benefits and implementation strategies of integrating location-based mobile learning games in higher education courses to enhance educational experiences. Two approaches were studied: learning by playing, and learning by designing. In the first, games were developed for undergraduate courses in four discipline areas, introduced during lectures, and played by students during a tutorial, as a self-guided activity or field excursion. In the second, students designed and developed their own prototype games as an educational activity to explore pedagogical strategies in personalised learning. Observations were made as students played and designed games. Online surveys, focus groups, and game analytics were used to help understand player behaviour and discover satisfaction rates, engagement, and the impact on learning outcomes. Results indicate that both the playing and self-designing of location-based mobile learning games can deliver active, engaging, and authentic educational experiences for students, enhancing opportunities to interact with locations, mobile content, and with each other. The impact of design, implementation strategy, and support on a student’s motivation for, and engagement with, the learning is discussed, along with the designing of games to offer an opportunity for students to personalise their learning and develop new ICT skills.
New Concepts on Making of Mechatronic and Cyber-Mix-Mechatronic Systems
Authors: Gheorghe Gheorghe Ion , Bratu Vasile , Cîrstoiu Adriana , Despa Veronica
Published: November 2017

The scientific paper presents in summary the new concepts regarding the realization of cyber-mix-mechatronic systems with different industrial and societal applications.
Agentivity marking in Spanish nominalisations: The use of por ‘by’ vs. de ‘of’
Authors: Müller Henrik Høeg
Published: November 2017

The first objective of this paper is to provide justification for the claim that variation between the prepositions
Local Interactions by Diffusion between Mixed-Phase Hydrometeors: Insights from Model Simulations
Authors: Baumgartner Manuel , Spichtinger Peter
Published: November 2017

Diffusion ofwater vapor is the dominant growth mechanism for smallwater droplets and ice crystals in clouds. In current cloud models, Maxwell’s theory is used for describing growth of cloud particles. In this approach the local interaction between particles is neglected; the particles can only grow due to changes in environmental conditions, which are assumed as boundary conditions at infinity. This assumption is meaningful if the particles are well separated and far away from each other. However, turbulent motions might change the distances between cloud particles and thus these particles are no longer well separated leading to direct local interactions. In this study we develop a reference model for investigating the direct interaction of cloud particles in mixed-phase clouds as driven by diffusion processes. The model is numerically integrated using finite elements. Additionally, we develop a numerical method based on generalized finite elements for
including moving particles and their direct interactions with respect to diffusional growth and evaporation. Several idealized simulations are carried out for investigating direct interactions of liquid droplets and ice particles in a mixed-phase cloud. The results show that local interaction between cloud particles might enhance life times of droplets and ice particles and thus lead to changes in mixed-phase cloud life time and properties.
Visual Gatekeeping – Selection of News Photographs at a Flemish Newspaper
Authors: de Smaele Hedwig , Geenen Eline , De Cock Rozane
Published: November 2017

As ethnographic studies of the visual gatekeeping process at newsrooms are scarce and the increasingly digitised news era demands for reconsideration, this article focuses on the results of a qualitative study at the photo news desk of a Flemish newspaper in Belgium. Our aim has been to provide an update and a broadening of previous studies on visual gatekeeping processes, and the findings are based on observations, in-depth interviews and reconstructions of the visual selection process. Our results show that routine and organisational influences as the ‘newsroom culture’ and the ‘rhythm’ of the newspaper outweigh individual preferences of photo editors. In-house photographers are systematically preferred to wire photographs. The information value of photos prevails, but aesthetics and good taste add another layer of deliberation. In addition, layout policies explicitly steer photo editors in their decision-making process.
Die Bedeutung der Falken(-jagd) für das Hofleben im Mittelalter
Authors: Eberl Anna Lena
Published: November 2017

This paper deals with the significance of falcons at medieval courts using the example of Albrecht III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg. In a letter to his son-in-law Eberhard II, Duke of Württemberg, he has to deny the delivery of some falcons as Albrecht himself has no appropriate ones at his court. This paper examines, why Falcons were important as valuable objects and gifts. It is discussed how falconry could influence prestige and politics in the Middle Ages.
Die Vorarlberger Textilindustrie im Wandel der 1970er-Jahre bis in die 2000er
Authors: Groß Simon
Published: November 2017

This exposition concerns causes of change of textile industry in Vorarlberg which set in in the seventies and sustained still after the turn of the millennium. Various causes for the decrease and economic difficulties of this industry will be shown, but also the terms „specialization“ and „innovation“ as well as appearance of so called commerce and industry parks are considered as flipsides of the change of the textile industry, these aspects compose the contemporary shape oft the economic structure in Vorarlberg.
Vorwort zur siebten Ausgabe
Authors: Pfanzelter Eva , Barth-Scalmani Gunda , Madreiter Irene
Published: November 2017

Vorwort
The United States as Nation-Builders in Afghanistan: Success or (Neoconservative) Failure?
Authors: Hechl Stefan
Published: November 2017

The US invaded Afghanistan after the 9/11 attacks and defeated the Taliban regime with the goal of bringing democracy to Afghanistan. However, many mistakes led to ineffective nation-building and a Taliban insurgency, drawing out the Afghanistan War for many years. Reasons include an ignorance of the country's history and social structure, as well as the neoconservative approach to nation-building that was pursued by the Bush administration during Bush's first presidency. Thus, not enough resources were invested into rebuilding Afghanistan and the result is not satisfactory, especially compared to more successful US efforts in nation-building.
INFLUENCIA DEL VOLUMEN DE ENTRENAMIENTO PLIOMÉTRICO EN LA CARGA PERCIBIDA DIFERENCIADA DE FUTBOLISTAS DE ALTO NIVEL
Authors: Leceaga Janire , Los Arcos Asier , Castillo Alvira Daniel , Yanci Javier
Published: November 2017

Los objetivos del estudio fueron describir la carga percibida diferenciada (dRPE CE) en un equipo de fútbol durante seis semanas de entrenamiento, analizar si existen diferencias en la dRPE CE entre grupos que realizan dos entrenamientos de pliometría con distinto volumen y analizar la evolución a lo largo de las semanas de la dRPE en ambos grupos. Se registró la carga percibida mediante la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo respiratorio (RPEres) y muscular (RPEmus) de catorce jugadores de fútbol de un equipo de 2.ª División B de la Liga de Fútbol Española, durante seis semanas. Los jugadores fueron divididos en dos grupos, realizando diferentes volúmenes de entrenamiento de fuerza. El primer grupo (G1FX, 24,42 ± 4,35 años, 1,80 ± 0,05 m, 77,32 ± 6,40 kg, 23,81 ± 1,49 kg/m2) realizó un entrenamiento de pliometría en el eje horizontal, y el segundo grupo (G2FX2, 22,43 ± 2,82 años, 1,82 ± 0,07 m, 76,65 ± 7,56 kg, 22,99 ± 1,13 kg/m2) realizó el mismo entrenamiento de fuerza pero con el doble de volumen. Los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio no mostraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en la dRPE CE en ninguna de las seis semanas registradas y tampoco se obtuvieron diferencias en ninguno de los dos grupos en dicho periodo, ni en el RPEres CE ni en el RPEmus CE. Realizar mayor volumen de entrenamiento de pliometría no implica que los jugadores que más volumen han realizado perciban un mayor RPEres CE ni RPEmus CE.
El mapa del cuerpo libertino
Authors: Alejandrez Muñoz Pedro Hugo
Published: November 2017

En este ensayo, el autor hace un breve recorrido por el libertinaje literario francés para ver de qué manera el cuerpo es representado a la luz de la separación cartesiana entre razón y cuerpo. A partir de algunos ejemplos, sobre todo de un poema del siglo XVIII, veremos cómo el cuerpo adquiere espesor interpretativo y enriquece una expresión poética considerada menor por la crítica literaria.
Role of Yastimadhu Siddha Taila in the management of Dusta Vrana (bed sore) - A Case Study
Authors: Das Surajit , Kalita Binod
Published: November 2017

The discontinuation or a break in the continuity of the covering epithelium of skin or mucous membrane is called as ulcer. The healing of the ulcer is a physiological response of the body. When a person does not maintain the proper treatment regimen, hygiene, along with indulgence of Ahita Ahara, Ahita Vihara and contaminated with various micro-organisms and developed a Dusta Vrana or non healing ulcer. Sushruta has described six types of Dusta Vrana. Bed sore can be co-related with Dusta Vrana. A single case of Dusta Vrana (bed sore) was successfully treated with local application of Yastimadhu Siddha Taila in Govt. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Guwahati. Thus it has been observed that Yastimadhu Siddha Taila is a very effective drug in the management of Dusta Vrana.
Correlations Between Final‐Year Dental Students’ Performance on Knowledge‐Based and Clinical Examinations
Authors: Ali Kamran , Jerreat Matthew , Zahra Daniel , Tredwin Christopher
Published: November 2017

Dental students are assessed using a range of methods in their final‐year examinations. The aim of this study was to explore the correlations and predictive value of final‐year dental students’ performance on knowledge‐based and clinical assessments. Examination data related to applied dental knowledge (ADK), exit case presentation (CP), and integrated structured clinical examination (ISCE) assessments for five consecutive cohorts of final‐year students at one U.K. dental school from 2011–12 to 2015–16 were collated. The relationships between the scores produced by each assessment were investigated to explore the relative contributions of each to the understanding of students’ abilities across the domains. The study utilized data from all 304 students: 147 (48.4%) females and 157 (51.6%) males. Significant positive correlations were found between ISCE and ADK performance (r(391)=0.42, p<0.001) as well as between ISCE and CP (r(391)=0.44, p<0.001). In addition, both ADK performance and CP performance were significant predictors (at p<0.001) of ISCE performance. This study provides important information about the relationship between these students’ performance across knowledge (ADK) and clinical (ISCE and CP) domains and highlights their predictive value. Further research is required to establish if these findings can be generalized and to explore the correlations between performance of dental students before and after graduation.
Rudolph Muhr & Dawn Marley (eds.), Pluricentric languages: New perspectives in theory and description. In collaboration with Heinz L. Kretzenbacher & Anu Bissoonauth. Peter Lang, Frankfurt/M., 2015; 318 pp. (Österreichisches deutsch sprache der gegenwart, 17).
Authors: Medina Urrea Alfonso
Published: November 2017

Mucho se conoce de los fenómenos de variación en las lenguas geográficamente dispersas, pero poco se ha reflexionado sobre el mayor o menor prestigio que se pueda observar entre las diferentes variedades de esas lenguas...
Dual Functionality of TPU Nonwoven Prepared by Argon Plasma Treatment: A Method Forming Asymmetric Surface
Authors: Chen Ko Shao , Tsao Shao Hsuan , Sung Rui Wen , Ye Ying Chen , Zeng Bo Han , Liao Shu Chuan
Published: November 2017

Thermoplastic urethane (TPU) nonwoven is characterized by high elasticity, tensile strength, large elongation and structural stability and widely used in biomaterial. However, the hydrophobic nature of TPU nonwoven restricts its application. To improve surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, the surface modification of materials is carried out by plasma treatment or ion-beam irradiation. According to the wettability treatment experiences that substrate usually using two processing or more to get one side hydrophilic and another side hydrophobic. In this study, use of cold plasma treatment in enhancing surface wettability of TPU nonwoven was studied. The surface properties of plasma treated films are characterized by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), water contact angle measurement, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study has demonstrated that Argon plasma treatment produces hydrophobic or hydrophilic surface on the TPU nonwoven. The method is performed by first placing a hydrophobic material on one side of substrate and bring this side to face the lower electrode. By controlling the RF power of the reactor, hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface can be prepared on the other side. This technique can be applied to wound dressing.
What Is Developmentally Appropriate Teaching?
Authors: Clements Douglas H. , Fuson Karen C. , Sarama Julie
Published: November 2017

Analyses show that criticisms of CCSSM are incorrect. Research also provides guidelines for appropriate, effective, and joyful teaching and learning.
Cerebral cortex development: an outside‐in perspective
Authors: Agirman Gulistan , Broix Loïc , Nguyen Laurent
Published: November 2017

The cerebral cortex is a complex structure that contains different classes of neurons distributed within six layers and regionally organized into highly specialized areas. Cortical layering arises during embryonic development in an inside‐out manner as forebrain progenitors proliferate and generate distinct waves of interneurons and projection neurons. Radial glial cells (RGCs) derive from neuroepithelial cells and are the founding cortical progenitors. At the onset of corticogenesis, RGCs expand their pool by proliferative divisions. As corticogenesis proceeds, they gradually undergo differentiative divisions to either generate neurons directly (direct neurogenesis) or indirectly via production of intermediate progenitors that further divide to generate pairs of neurons (indirect neurogenesis). The fate of RGCs is finely regulated during all the corticogenesis process and depends on time‐scaled perception of external signals and expression of intrinsic factors. The present Review focuses on the role of physiological extracellular cues arising from the vicinity of neural progenitors on the regulation of dorsal neurogenesis and cerebral cortex patterning. It further discusses how pathogenic viral factors influence RGC behaviour and disrupt cerebral cortex development.
Model‐Based Assessment of the CO2 Sequestration Potential of Coastal Ocean Alkalinization
Authors: Feng E. Y. , Koeve W. , Keller D. P. , Oschlies A.
Published: November 2017

The potential of coastal ocean alkalinization (COA), a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) climate engineering strategy that chemically increases ocean carbon uptake and storage, is investigated with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity. The CDR potential and possible environmental side effects are estimated for various COA deployment scenarios, assuming olivine as the alkalinity source in ice‐free coastal waters (about 8.6% of the global ocean's surface area), with dissolution rates being a function of grain size, ambient seawater temperature, and pH. Our results indicate that for a large‐enough olivine deployment of small‐enough grain sizes (10 µm), atmospheric CO2 could be reduced by more than 800 GtC by the year 2100. However, COA with coarse olivine grains (1000 µm) has little CO2 sequestration potential on this time scale. Ambitious CDR with fine olivine grains would increase coastal aragonite saturation Ω to levels well beyond those that are currently observed. When imposing upper limits for aragonite saturation levels (Ωlim) in the grid boxes subject to COA (Ωlim = 3.4 and 9 chosen as examples), COA still has the potential to reduce atmospheric CO2 by 265 GtC (Ωlim = 3.4) to 790 GtC (Ωlim = 9) and increase ocean carbon storage by 290 Gt (Ωlim = 3.4) to 913 Gt (Ωlim = 9) by year 2100.
A General Model for the Helical Structure of Geophysical Flows in Channel Bends
Authors: Azpiroz‐Zabala M. , Cartigny M. J. B. , Sumner E. J. , Clare M. A. , Talling P. J. , Parsons D. R. , Cooper C.
Published: November 2017

Meandering channels formed by geophysical flows (e.g., rivers and seafloor turbidity currents) include the most extensive sediment transport systems on Earth. Previous measurements from rivers show how helical flow at meander bends plays a key role in sediment transport and deposition. Turbidity currents differ from rivers in both density and velocity profiles. These differences, and the lack of field measurements from turbidity currents, have led to multiple models for their helical flow around bends. Here we present the first measurements of helical flow in submarine turbidity currents. These 10 flows lasted for 1–10 days, were up to ~80 m thick, and displayed a consistent helical structure. This structure comprised two vertically stacked cells, with the bottom cell rotating in the opposite direction to helical flow in rivers. Furthermore, we propose a general model that predicts the range of helical flow structures observed in rivers, estuaries, and turbidity currents based on their density stratification.
Seafloor Displacement After the 2011 Tohoku‐oki Earthquake in the Northern Japan Trench Examined by Repeated Bathymetric Surveys
Authors: Fujiwara Toshiya , dos Santos Ferreira Christian , Bachmann Anna Katharina , Strasser Michael , Wefer Gerold , Sun Tianhaozhe , Kanamatsu Toshiya , Kodaira Shuichi
Published: November 2017

We conducted multibeam bathymetric surveys crossing the northern Japan Trench offshore Sanriku and examined seafloor displacement by means of the difference in bathymetry before and after the 11 March 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake. The seafloor displacements were less than several meters in vertical displacement and less than 20 m in trench‐normal horizontal displacement; consequently, lower amplitude seafloor displacements were evaluated. Comparatively, the landward lower slope near the trench was uplifted, the middle slope was subsided, and the midslope terrace was depressed after the earthquake. Therefore, localized very large fault slip or very large submarine landslide is unlikely. Instead, smaller uplift of the lower slope near the trench extending broader along the trench seems to be plausible explanation for the devastating tsunami source in the northern Japan Trench area.
Earthquake Directivity, Orientation, and Stress Drop Within the Subducting Plate at the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Abercrombie Rachel E. , Poli Piero , Bannister Stephen
Published: November 2017

We develop an approach to calculate earthquake source directivity and rupture velocity for small earthquakes, using the whole source time function rather than just an estimate of the duration. We apply the method to an aftershock sequence within the subducting plate beneath North Island, New Zealand, and investigate its resolution. We use closely located, highly correlated empirical Green's function (EGF) events to obtain source time functions (STFs) for this well‐recorded sequence. We stack the STFs from multiple EGFs at each station, to improve the stability of the STFs. Eleven earthquakes (M 3.3–4.5) have sufficient azimuthal coverage, and both P and S STFs, to investigate directivity. The time axis of each STF in turn is stretched to find the maximum correlation between all pairs of stations. We then invert for the orientation and rupture velocity of both unilateral and bilateral line sources that best match the observations. We determine whether they are distinguishable and investigate the effects of limited frequency bandwidth. Rupture orientations are resolvable for eight earthquakes, seven of which are predominantly unilateral, and all are consistent with rupture on planes similar to the main shock fault plane. Purely unilateral rupture is rarely distinguishable from asymmetric bilateral rupture, despite a good station distribution. Synthetic testing shows that rupture velocity is the least well‐resolved parameter; estimates decrease with loss of high‐frequency energy, and measurements are best considered minimum values. We see no correlation between rupture velocity and stress drop, and spatial stress drop variation cannot be explained as an artifact of varying rupture velocity.
Satellite Altimetry and Current‐Meter Velocities in the Malvinas Current at 41°S: Comparisons and Modes of Variations
Authors: Ferrari Ramiro , Artana Camila , Saraceno Martin , Piola Alberto R. , Provost Christine
Published: November 2017

Three year long current‐meter arrays were deployed in the Malvinas Current at 41°S below a satellite altimeter track at about 10 years intervals. Surface geostrophic velocities (SGV) derived from satellite altimetric data are compared with the in situ velocities at the upper current meter (∼300 m). Multisatellite gridded SGV compare better with in situ observations than along‐track SGV. In spite of the proximity of the moorings to the complex Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence (BMC) region, satellite SGV are significantly correlated with the 20 day low‐passed in situ velocities (0.85 for along‐isobaths velocities, 0.8 for cross‐isobaths velocities). The recent in situ measurement period (2014–2015) stands out in the altimetry record with a long‐lasting (4 months) high level of eddy kinetic energy at the mooring site and a southernmost location of the Subantarctic Front (SAF). The first two modes of variations of sea level anomaly (SLA) over the BMC remarkably match the first two modes of the low‐passed in situ velocities. The first mode is associated with a latitudinal migration of the SAF, and the second with a longitudinal displacement of the Brazil Current overshoot. The two modes dominate the 24 year long record of SLA in the BMC, with energy peaks at the annual and semiannual periods for the first mode and at 3–5 months for the second mode. The SLA over the Southwest Atlantic was regressed onto the two confluence modes of SLA variations and showed remarkable standing wave train like structures in the Argentine Basin.
Geophysical Investigations of Habitability in Ice‐Covered Ocean Worlds
Authors: Vance Steven D. , Panning Mark P. , Stähler Simon , Cammarano Fabio , Bills Bruce G. , Tobie Gabriel , Kamata Shunichi , Kedar Sharon , Sotin Christophe , Pike William T. , Lorenz Ralph , Huang Hsin‐Hua , Jackson Jennifer M. , Banerdt Bruce
Published: November 2017

Geophysical measurements can reveal the structures and thermal states of icy ocean worlds. The interior density, temperature, sound speed, and electrical conductivity thus characterize their habitability. We explore the variability and correlation of these parameters using 1‐D internal structure models. We invoke thermodynamic consistency using available thermodynamics of aqueous MgSO4, NaCl (as seawater), and NH3; pure water ice phases I, II, III, V, and VI; silicates; and any metallic core that may be present. Model results suggest, for Europa, that combinations of geophysical parameters might be used to distinguish an oxidized ocean dominated by MgSO4 from a more reduced ocean dominated by NaCl. In contrast with Jupiter's icy ocean moons, Titan and Enceladus have low‐density rocky interiors, with minimal or no metallic core. The low‐density rocky core of Enceladus may comprise hydrated minerals or anhydrous minerals with high porosity. Cassini gravity data for Titan indicate a high tidal potential Love number (k2>0.6), which requires a dense internal ocean (ρocean>1,200 kg m−3) and icy lithosphere thinner than 100 km. In that case, Titan may have little or no high‐pressure ice, or a surprisingly deep water‐rock interface more than 500 km below the surface, covered only by ice VI. Ganymede's water‐rock interface is the deepest among known ocean worlds, at around 800 km. Its ocean may contain multiple phases of high‐pressure ice, which will become buoyant if the ocean is sufficiently salty. Callisto's interior structure may be intermediate to those of Titan and Europa, with a water‐rock interface 250 km below the surface covered by ice V but not ice VI.
Performance of MIDAS Over East African Longitude Sector: Case Study During 4–14 March 2012 Quiet to Disturbed Geomagnetic Conditions
Authors: Giday Nigussie M. , Katamzi‐Joseph Zama T.
Published: November 2017

This study investigates the performance of a tomographic algorithm, Multi‐Instrument and Data Analysis System (MIDAS), during an extended period of 4–14 March 2012, containing moderate and strong geomagnetic storms conditions, over an understudied and data scarce Eastern African longitude sector. Nonetheless, a relatively better distribution of Global Navigation Satellite Systems stations exists along a narrow longitude sector between 30°E and 44°E and latitude range of 30°S and 36°N that spans the equatorial, middle‐, and low‐latitude ionosphere. Then results are compared with independent global models such as International Reference Ionosphere 2012 (IRI‐2012) and global ionosphere map (GIM). MIDAS performance was better than that of the IRI‐2012 and GIM models in terms of capturing the diurnal trends as well as the short temporal total electron content (TEC) structures, with least root‐mean‐square errors (RMSEs). Overall, MIDAS results showed better agreement with the observation vertical TEC (VTEC) with computed maximum correlation coefficient (r) of 0.99 and minimum root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of 2.91 TEC unit (1 TECU = 1,016 el m−2 over all the test stations and the validation days. Conversely, for the IRI‐2012 and GIM TEC estimates, the corresponding maximum computed r values were 0.93 and 0.99, respectively, while the minimum RMSEs were 13.03 TECU and 6.52 TECU, respectively, for all the test stations and the validation days.
Promoting Active Sites in Core–Shell Nanowire Array as Mott–Schottky Electrocatalysts for Efficient and Stable Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Hou Jungang , Sun Yiqing , Wu Yunzhen , Cao Shuyan , Sun Licheng
Published: November 2017

Developing earth‐abundant, active, and robust electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a vital challenge for efficient conversion of sustainable energy sources. Herein, metal–semiconductor hybrids are reported with metallic nanoalloys on various defective oxide nanowire arrays (Cu/CuOx, Co/CoOx, and CuCo/CuCoOx) as typical Mott–Schottky electrocatalysts. To build the highway of continuous electron transport between metals and semiconductors, nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) has been implanted on metal–semiconductor nanowire array as core–shell conductive architecture. As expected, NC/CuCo/CuCoOx nanowires arrays, as integrated Mott–Schottky electrocatalysts, present an overpotential of 112 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 55 mV dec−1 for HER, simultaneously delivering an overpotential of 190 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER. Most importantly, NC/CuCo/CuCoOx architectures, as both the anode and the cathode for overall water splitting, exhibit a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.53 V with excellent stability due to high conductivity, large active surface area, abundant active sites, and the continuous electron transport from prominent synergetic effect among metal, semiconductor, and nitrogen‐doped carbon. This work represents an avenue to design and develop efficient and stable Mott–Schottky bifunctional electrocatalysts for promising energy conversion.
Polarity‐Controlled Attachment of Cytochrome C for High‐Performance Cytochrome C/Graphene van der Waals Heterojunction Photodetectors
Authors: Gong Maogang , Adhikari Puja , Gong Youpin , Wang Ti , Liu Qingfeng , Kattel Bhupal , Ching Wai‐Yim , Chan Wai‐Lun , Wu Judy Z.
Published: November 2017

Biomolecule/graphene van der Waals heterojunction provides a generic platform for designing high‐performance, flexible, and scalable optoelectronics. A key challenge is, in controllable attachment, the biomolecules to form a desired interfacial electronic structure for a high‐efficiency optoelectronic process of photoabsorption, exciton dissociation into photocarriers, carrier transfer, and transport. Here, it is shown that a polarity‐controlled attachment of the Cytochrome c (Cyt c) biomolecules can be achieved on the channel of graphene field effect transistors (GFET). High‐efficiency charge transfer across the formed Cyt c/graphene interface is demonstrated when Cyt c attaches with positively charged side to GFET as predicted by molecular dynamics simulation and confirmed experimentally. This Cyt c/GFET van der Waals heterojunction nanohybrid photodetector exhibits a spectral photoresponsivity resembling the absorption spectrum of the Cyt c, confirming the role of Cty c as the photosensitizer in the device. The high visible photoresponsivity up to 7.57 × 104 A W−1 can be attributed to the high photoconductive gain in exceeding 105 facilitated by the high carrier mobility in graphene. This result therefore demonstrates a viable approach in synthesis of the biomolecule/graphene van der Waals heterojunction optoelectronics using polarity‐controlled biomolecule attachment, which can be expanded for on‐chip printing of high‐performance molecular optoelectronics.
In Vivo FRET Imaging to Predict the Risk Associated with Hepatic Accumulation of Squalene‐Based Prodrug Nanoparticles
Authors: Cayre Fanny , Mura Simona , Andreiuk Bohdan , Sobot Dunja , Gouazou Sandrine , Desmaële Didier , Klymchenko Andrey S. , Couvreur Patrick
Published: November 2017

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is used here for the first time to monitor the in vivo fate of nanoparticles made of the squalene‐gemcitabine prodrug and two novel derivatives of squalene with the cyanine dyes 5.5 and 7.5, which behave as efficient FRET pair in the NIR region. Following intravenous administration, nanoparticles initially accumulate in the liver, then they show loss of their integrity within 2 h and clearance of the squalene bioconjugates is observed within 24 h. Such awareness is a key prerequisite before introduction into clinical settings.