bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presurgical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Indicators of Revascularization Response in Adults With Moyamoya Vasculopathy
Authors: L. Waddle Spencer , Garza Maria , Davis Larry T. , V. Chitale Rohan , R. Fusco Matthew , A. Lee Chelsea , Patel Niral J. , Kang Hakmook , Jordan Lori C. , Donahue Manus J.
Published: March 2022

Background

Moyamoya is a progressive intracranial vasculopathy, primarily affecting distal segments of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries. Treatment may comprise angiogenesis‐inducing surgical revascularization; however, lack of randomized trials often results in subjective treatment decisions.

Hypothesis

Compensatory presurgical posterior vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) flow‐territory reactivity, including greater cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and reduced vascular delay time, portends greater neoangiogenic response verified on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) at 1‐year follow‐up.

Study Type

Prospective intervention cohort.

Subjects

Thirty‐one patients with moyamoya (26 females; age = 45 ± 13 years; 41 revascularized hemispheres).

Methods

Anatomical MRI, hypercapnic CVR MRI, and DSA acquired presurgically in adult moyamoya participants scheduled for clinically indicated surgical revascularization. One‐year postsurgery, DSA was repeated to evaluate collateralization.

Field Strength

3 T.

Sequence

Hypercapnic ‐weighted gradient‐echo blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent, T2‐weighted turbo‐spin‐echo fluid‐attenuated‐inversion‐recovery, T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared‐rapid‐gradient‐echo, and T2‐weighted diffusion‐weighted‐imaging.

Assessment

Presurgical maximum CVR and response times were evaluated in VBA flow‐territories. Revascularization success was determined using an ordinal scoring system of neoangiogenic collateralization from postsurgical DSA by two cerebrovascular neurosurgeons (R.V.C. with 8 years of experience; M.R.F. with 9 years of experience) and one neuroradiologist (L.T.D. with 8 years of experience). Stroke risk factors (age, sex, race, vasculopathy, and diabetes) were recorded.

Statistical Tests

Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests were applied to compare presurgical variables between cohorts with angiographically confirmed good (>1/3 middle cerebral artery [MCA] territory revascularized) vs. poor (<1/3 MCA territory revascularized) outcomes. Significance: two‐sided P < 0.05. Normalized odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.

Results

Criteria for good collateralization were met in 25 of the 41 revascularized hemispheres. Presurgical normalized VBA flow‐territory CVR was significantly higher in those with good (1.12 ± 0.13 unitless) vs. poor (1.04 ± 0.05 unitless) outcomes. Younger (OR = −0.60 ± 0.67) and White (OR = −1.81 ± 1.40) participants had highest revascularization success (good outcomes: age = 42 ± 14 years, race = 84% White; poor outcomes: age = 49 ± 11 years, race = 44% White).

Data Conclusion

Presurgical MRI‐measures of VBA flow‐territory CVR are highest in moyamoya participants with better angiographic responses to surgical revascularization.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy Stage

4
Distinguishing different edge structures of graphene nanoribbons with Raman spectra, studied by first‐principles calculations
Authors: Yan Kun , Li Zhibing , Wang Weiliang
Published: March 2022

We calculated the polarized Raman spectra (PRS) and angle‐resolved polarized Raman intensities (APRIs) of graphene nanoribbons with edges terminated by functional groups C=O and C‐O‐C, respectively, based on first‐principles calculations. The exist results of the hydrogen saturated edges are recalculated for comparison. Our results show that the edge structures could be efficiently identified by the PRS and APRI. The APRI can also identify the orientation of the graphene nanoribbons.
Long‐term impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon dynamics in a rice‐ wheat system
Authors: Dutta Debashis , Singh Vinod K. , Upadhyay Pravin K. , Meena Amrit L. , Kumar Amit , Mishra Rajendra P. , Dwivedi Brahma S. , Shukla Arvind K. , Yadav Gulab S. , Tewari Rahas B. , Kumar Vaibhav , Kumar Ankur , Panwar Azad S.
Published: March 2022

Deep soil carbon (C) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle because it is more recalcitrant and remains in the soil for a longer period. Yet, very few studies have reported the impact of long‐term fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in deep soil in a rice‐wheat system (RWS). Hence, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the long‐term fertilization impact on carbon sequestration and C pools in RWS in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India. Application of 90 kg N, 20 kg P and 25 kg K ha−1 through mineral fertilizers (NPK) + green gram incorporation (GR) + 30 kg N ha−1 through farmyard manure (FYM) sequestered more C (25.86 Mg ha−1) in the 0–105 cm soil depth compared with mineral fertilizer alone (1.25 Mg ha−1). The C‐sequestration rate ranged between 0.61 to 1.23 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 under treatments having organic fertilizer and mineral fertilizer, whereas it varied from 0.06 to 0.39 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in the treatments receiving mineral fertilizer only. Total C and critical C input were 197 Mg kg−1 and 1.94 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, respectively under NPK + GR + FYM treatment. Integrated application of mineral fertilizers and organics in treatments NPK + FYM, NPK + SPM (sulphitation press mud), NPK + GR, NPK + GR + FYM and NPK + CR (crop residue) resulted in higher sustainable yield index of RWS compared to mineral fertilizer alone. We conclude that application of organic material along with mineral fertilizers is essential to mitigate the atmospheric C load through C‐sequestration in deep soils and to attain sustainable RWS productivity in the IGP.
Weighted composition operators on Bergman spaces Aωp$A^p_\omega$
Authors: Arroussi Hicham
Published: March 2022

Let ϕ be an analytic self‐map of the open unit disk , and let u be an analytic function on . The weighted composition operator induced by ϕ with weight u is given by for z in and f analytic on . In this paper, we study weighted composition operators acting between two exponentially weighted Bergman spaces and . We characterize the bounded, compact and Schatten class membership operators acting from to when and . To obtain this, we first get an important estimate for the norm of the reproducing kernel in and some new characterizations of Carleson measures. Our results use certain integral transforms that generalize the usual Berezin transform. In the case where and , we compare our criteria with those given by Kriete and MacCluer in [15].
Generation of Si@C/SiC@C core–shell nanoparticles by laser irradiation of silicon grinding waste
Authors: Minami Kanon , Kobinata Kyosuke , Yan Jiwang
Published: March 2022

In recent years, the demand for lithium‐ion batteries has increased because of the global focus on carbon neutrality. Silicon/carbon (Si/C) composite nanoparticles have potential for application as high‐performance anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries, which can enable the widespread use of lithium‐ion batteries or lithium‐ion capacitors and contribute toward decarbonized society. In this study, Si@C/SiC@C core–shell nanoparticles with sizes in the range of 10–40 nm were produced by pulsed laser irradiation (wavelength = 1070 nm; pulse width = 10 ms) of a mixture of graphite powder and waste Si powder discharged from the grinding process of Si wafers. High‐speed camera observations of the laser‐induced plume were conducted to elucidate the nanoparticle generation mechanism, and it was determined that Si/SiC nanoparticles were formed within the laser‐induced plume in the early stage of laser irradiation. Si and C demonstrated different plume propagation patterns and plume decay times, and the time difference enabled the coating of the generated Si/SiC nanoparticles with a thin layer of graphene, forming core–shell hybrid structures. The electron diffraction results revealed that the generated nanoparticles were mainly composed of 3C‐SiC@C core shells, which is a novel nanomaterial with promising applications as anode materials for future lithium‐ion batteries.
Successful conservative management of pathological mandibular fracture resulting from chronic osteomyelitis in a 90‐year‐old woman
Authors: Ono Ryutaro , Amemiya Takeshi , Yamamoto Toshiro , Kanamura Narisato
Published: March 2022

Background

We report the successful conservative management of a pathological mandibular fracture resulting from chronic osteomyelitis in a super‐elderly patient.

Case Presentation

A 90‐year‐old woman was admitted because of an external dental fistula with purulent drainage. Radiographs showed extensive bone destruction in the mandible. Long‐term antibiotic therapy and chin cap immobilization resulted in satisfactory bone healing 1 year after treatment initiation, which suggests that a conservative approach is alternative or complementary to surgical resection for a mandibular fracture, especially in older patients at high risk of severe postoperative complications.

Conclusion

As the population ages, the number of such cases will rise; therefore, minimally invasive therapeutic strategies must be developed.
Simple heuristics to run a research group
Authors: Gigerenzer Gerd
Published: March 2022

Collaboration between researchers has become increasingly common, enabling a level of discovery and innovation that is difficult if not impossible to achieve by a single person. But how can one establish and maintain an environment that fosters successful collaboration within a research group? In this case study, I use my own experience when directing the ABC Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin. I first describe the heuristic principles for setting up a research group, including (i) common topic and multiple disciplines, (ii) open culture, (iii) spatial proximity, and (iv) temporal proximity. Then I describe heuristics for maintaining the open culture, such as setting collective goals, including contrarians, distributing responsibility, making bets, the cake rule, and side‐by‐side writing. These heuristics form an “adaptive toolbox” that shapes the intellectual and social climate. They create a culture of friendly but rigorous discussion, embedded in a family‐like climate of trust where everyone is willing to expose their ignorance and learn from the other members. Feeling accepted and trusted encourages taking the necessary risks to achieve progress in science.
Independent temporal lobe epilepsy in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Liu Tinghong , Ding Jing , Zhang Shaohui , Wang Yangshuo , Xu Jinshan , Yuan Liu , Zhai Feng , Zhang Guojun , Liang Shuli
Published: March 2022

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare disease that involves multiple organs, including the brain; approximately 80%–90% of TSC patients exhibit TSC‐associated epilepsy. Independent temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), TSC‐unrelated epilepsy, is particularly rare in patients with TSC. Here, we describe three patients with TSC with independent TLEs that were confirmed by stereo‐electroencephalography (EEG), postoperative pathological findings, and seizure outcome at follow‐up. The patients were retrospectively enrolled at two centers; their ictal epileptiform discharge onsets were determined using electrode contacts in the hippocampus during stereo‐EEG. The three patients underwent anterior temporal lobectomies and remained seizure‐free at 1–5 years after surgery. Postoperative pathological examinations confirmed hippocampal sclerosis in all three patients. Furthermore, postoperative intelligence quotient improvement was evident in one patient, while the quality of life was improved in two patients at 12 months after surgery.
Skeletal muscle proteome expression differentiates severity of cancer cachexia in mice and identifies loss of fragile X mental retardation syndrome‐related protein 1
Authors: Khamoui Andy V. , Tokmina‐Roszyk Dorota , Feresin Rafaela G. , Fields Gregg B. , Visavadiya Nishant P.
Published: March 2022

Tandem mass tag (TMT)‐based quantitative proteomics was used to examine protein expression in skeletal muscle from mice with moderate and severe cancer cachexia to study mechanisms underlying varied cachexia severity. Weight loss of 10% (moderate) and 20% (severe) was induced by injection of colon‐26 cancer cells in 10‐week old Balb/c mice. In moderate cachexia, enriched pathways reflected fibrin formation, integrin/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and innate immune system, suggesting an acute phase response and fibrosis. These pathways remained enriched in severe cachexia; however, energy‐yielding pathways housed in mitochondria were prominent additions to the severe state. These enrichments suggest distinct muscle proteome expression patterns that differentiate cachexia severity. When analyzed with two other mouse models, eight differentially expressed targets were shared including serine protease inhibitor A3N (Serpina3n), synaptophysin‐like protein 2 (Sypl2), Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial (Idh3a), peroxisomal acyl‐coenzyme A oxidase 1 (Acox1), collagen alpha‐1(VI) chain (Col6a1), myozenin 3 (Myoz3), UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (Ugp2), and solute carrier family 41 member 3 (Slc41a3). Acox1 and Idh3a control lipid oxidation and NADH generation in the TCA cycle, respectively, and Col6a1 comprises part of type VI collagen with reported profibrotic functions, suggesting influential roles in cachexia. A potential target was identified in fragile X mental retardation syndrome‐related protein 1 (FXR1), an RNA‐binding protein not previously implicated in cancer cachexia. FXR1 decreased in cachexia and related linearly with weight change and myofiber size. These findings suggest distinct mechanisms associated with cachexia severity and potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Synergistic Role of Model‐Independent and Model‐Dependent Approaches for Determining Size and Shape of Au Nanostructures Using SAXS
Authors: Vijay Aditi , Kaur Ashwinder , Vaidya Sonalika
Published: March 2022

The main objective of this study is to showcase the use of synergistic utilization of model‐independent and model‐dependent approaches for analyzing small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) data to determine the shape and size of different nanostructures viz. spherical, nanorod, and core‐shell. Herein, different gold nanostructures viz. spherical, nanorod, and core‐shell are synthesized and analyzed using SAXS. First, the SAXS data are analyzed using Guinier law, PDDF (pair–distance distribution function) plots, double logarithmic plots, and electron density curves to get primary information about the size and shape of nanostructures. This information is utilized for choosing an appropriate model and initial input parameters for fitting the SAXS data. The observations obtained from SAXS studies are compared with transmission electron microscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy. It is believed that this study will help in understanding the analysis of SAXS data using a systematic and synergistic approach of utilizing the two methods. It is believed that the study will further add to the understanding of the technique as an alternative approach for transmission electron microscopy.
Front Cover Image, Volume 78, Issue 4
Authors: Canella Vieira Bruno , Coura Oliveira Maxwel , Sousa Alves Guilherme , Golus Jeffrey A , Schroeder Kasey , Smeda Reid J , Rector Ryan J , Kruger Greg R , Werle Rodrigo
Published: March 2022

The front cover image is based on the Research Article Hooded broadcast sprayer for particle drift reduction by Bruno Canella Vieira et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6770.

image
Electroantennographic and olfactory responses of Quadrastichus mendeli to eucalyptus volatiles induced by the gall‐forming insect Leptocybe invasa
Authors: Huang Zong‐You , Liu Zuo‐Jun , Wang Xiao‐Yun , Zhang Zhi‐Lin , Lu Wen , Zheng Xia‐Lin
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Although parasitoids can precisely locate hidden gall‐inducing insects, the host location mechanism is unknown. In this study, our aim was to clarify the olfactory responses of the parasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli to eucalyptus volatiles induced by the gall wasp Leptocybe invasa.

RESULTS

Q. mendeli preferred volatiles from gall‐damaged plants compared with those produced by mechanically damaged and undamaged plants. Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection results demonstrated that 3‐carene, decanal, d‐limonene, ethanone,1‐(4‐ethylphenyl)‐, p‐cymene and benzene,1‐methyl‐4‐(1‐methylpropyl)‐ from DH 201‐2 (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus tereticornis) elicited significant antennal responses in Q. mendeli in all treatments. Q. mendeli was repelled by decanal and d‐limonene and was attracted to 3‐carene, benzene,1‐methyl‐4‐(1‐methylpropyl)‐, ethanone,1‐(4‐ethylphenyl) and p‐cymene. Quaternary blends containing 3‐carene, p‐cymene, benzene,1‐methyl‐4‐(1‐methylpropyl)‐ and ethanone,1‐(4‐ethylphenyl)‐ at a ratio of 1:1:1:1 were attractive to Q. mendeli. However, quaternary blends with added decanal and d‐limonene alone or both together induced significant repellence in Q. mendeli.

CONCLUSION

Our report is the first to demonstrate that volatiles produced by galls induced by L. invasa are attractive to Q. mendeli, which suggests that this parasitoid could utilize herbivore‐induced plant volatiles to locate its host. The results are beneficial for understanding the function of plant volatiles in host searching by parasitoids of gall‐forming insect pests. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Poisson modified weibull distribution with inferences on stress‐strength reliability model
Authors: Abd El‐Monsef Mohamed Mohamed Ezzat , Marei Ghareeb Adel , Kilany Neveen Mohamed
Published: March 2022

This paper is devoted to study a new four‐parameter model called a Poisson Modified Weibull Distribution (PMW). The motivation for the new distribution is to obtain the hazard rate function with multiple shapes, the most important of which is the bathtub shape which is very useful in the reliability analysis. Some of its statistical properties are discussed. Maximum likelihood, method of moments and Bayesian techniques are used for estimating the parameters and the Fisher's information matrix is presented. In specific, we focus on the study of Stress‐ Strength reliability parameter, , when and have a PMW distribution. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimators for are derived. A simulation study is performed to compare the performance of each method of estimation. Moreover, the goodness of fit for PMW distribution comparison with other models are carried out by means of two applications to real data sets to illustrate the flexibility of the proposed model. Finally, the Stress‐Strength model for PMW distribution was applied to a real data representing the failure times for two types of electrical insulators.
Working equation of linear response time‐dependent density functional theory: First‐order polarization propagator approximation
Authors: Pedersen Jacob , Mikkelsen Kurt V.
Published: March 2022

The derivation of the Casida equations in the framework of density functional theory utilizing response theory is presented. The presented method is termed first‐order polarization propagator approximation. The electronic structure is given by a density functional representation. A detailed derivation of the method is provided along with the explicit expressions for the relevant integrals and matrix elements.
Reconstruction of the Gram‐Negative Bacterial Outer‐Membrane Bilayer
Authors: Lee Sejeong , Bayley Hagan
Published: March 2022

The outer membrane (OM) of gram‐negative bacteria is highly asymmetric. The outer leaflet comprises lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the inner leaflet phospholipids. Here, it is shown that the outer membrane lipid bilayer (OMLB) of Escherichia coli can be reconstructed as a droplet interface bilayer (DIB), which separates two aqueous droplets in oil. The trimeric porin OmpF is inserted into the model OMLB and the translocation of the bacteriocin colicin E9 (colE9) through it is monitored. By contrast with LPS‐free bilayers, it is found that colE9 made multiple failed attempts to engage with OmpF in an OMLB before successful translocation occurred. In addition, the observed rate for the second step of colE9 translocation is 3‐times smaller than that in LPS‐free bilayers, and further, the colE9 dissociates when the membrane potential is reversed. The findings demonstrate the utility of the DIB approach for constructing model OMLBs from physiologically realistic lipids and that the properties of the model OMLBs differ from those of a simple lipid bilayer. The model OMLB offers a credible platform for screening the properties of antibiotics.
Complex Plasticizer of PEG/Water on the Gelatinization of Corn Starch
Authors: Zhu Yu , Mei Liping , Yin Liwei , Lin Li , Du Xianfeng , Guo Li
Published: March 2022

The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/water (0/100, 5/95, 10/90, 20/80, and 40/60, w/w) on the gelatinization process and the gel properties of corn starch are investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry, and texture profile analysis. Starch granules are observed by CLSM in the water system alone to be completely broken and the birefringence of the starch granules is disappeared at approximately 75 °C. With increasing weight ratio of PEG/water, higher temperature is required to break the granular shape. The results of DSC show that the temperatures at which starch gelatinization peaks are found shifts from 74.27 to 101.05 °C with increasing PEG/water weight ratio from 0/100 to 40/60, which is in accordance with polarized light microscope observations. The changes in rheological behaviors and textural properties of corn starch show that the gelatinization degree and gel properties are significantly affected by the PEG/water weight ratio. Texture profile analysis show that starch gels with a PEG/water weight ratio of 40/60 exhibit stronger viscoelastic properties and structural stability than starch gel form in the 100% water sample. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for preparing thermoplastic starch using by polyethylene glycol/water as a complex plasticizer.
The challenges for macro talent management in the mature emerging market of South Korea: A review and research agenda
Authors: Park Hyun Mi , Patel Parth , Varma Arup , Jaiswal Akanksha
Published: March 2022

As the global economy continues to fight the war for talent, talent management has increasingly become a critical function that must be addressed if corporations are to survive and thrive. In this connection, South Korea's (henceforth, Korea)'s transformation from a third‐world and under‐developed economy to a global powerhouse and an important mature emerging market has caught the attention of scholars in numerous fields. In this comprehensive review of talent management in Korea, we trace its evolution and address the following questions: what challenges does Korea face in attracting global talent? What are the main impacts of Korea's government policies and interventions in its macro talent management system? We develop a revised macro talent management framework and offer propositions. We conclude by offering specific suggestions for the state and policymakers toward attracting and retaining talent.
Haematospermia: when are investigation and treatment appropriate?
Authors: Satchi Maria , Muneer Asif
Published: March 2022

Haematospermia is often benign, but nevertheless can be a source of anxiety for fear of an association with malignancy. Hence there is a risk of over‐investigation. Here the authors describe appropriate investigation of the condition and treatment options.
Boys and men get eating disorders too
Authors: Thompson Dominique
Published: March 2022

Hospital admissions of men with eating disorders are rising, but the data suggest that thousands of cases among men are mostly unknown to health services. One in five of those with anorexia nervosa die prematurely, so it is vital that eating disorders are recognised and treated. In this update of a previous article, the author provides guidance on diagnosis and management as well as sources of support.
Journal watch
Authors: Kirby Mike
Published: March 2022

Professor Mike Kirby, Editor of Trends in Urology and Men's Health, picks some interesting recent papers and highlights the ‘take‐home’ messages.
Soft-collinear gravity beyond the leading power
Authors: Beneke Martin , Hager Patrick , Szafron Robert
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We construct “soft-collinear gravity”, the effective field theory which describes the interaction of collinear and soft gravitons with matter (and themselves), to all orders in the soft-collinear power expansion. Despite the absence of collinear divergences in gravity at leading power, the construction exhibits remarkable similarities with soft-collinear effective theory of QCD (gauge fields). It reveals an emergent soft background gauge symmetry, which allows for a manifestly gauge-invariant representation of the interactions in terms of a soft covariant derivative, the soft Riemann tensor, and a covariant generalisation of the collinear light-cone gauge metric field. The gauge symmetries control both the unsuppressed collinear field components and the inherent inhomogeneity in λ of the invariant objects to all orders, resulting in a consistent expansion.
Antikoagulation bei „coronavirus disease 2019“ (COVID-19) – Gesichertes und Kontroverses
Authors: Rauch-Kröhnert Ursula , Riess Hanno
Published: March 2022

Die Infektion mit dem „severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“ (SARS-CoV-2) ist mit einem hohen Risiko mikrovaskulärer Immunthrombosen sowie symptomatischer und inzidenteller Thromboembolien vorrangig im venösen, aber auch im arteriellen System vergesellschaftet. Dies begründet unter anderem die hohe kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität der Patienten. Der heutige Kenntnisstand zur Pathophysiologie der Immunthrombosen und zu derzeitigen Strategien der Antikoagulation bei an „coronavirus disease 2019“ (COVID-19) erkrankten Patienten wird in diesem Beitrag zusammenfassend beleuchtet. Gemäß den aktuellen Leitlinien sollen moderat bis schwer erkrankte Infizierte, die sich in stationärer Krankenhausbehandlung befinden, frühzeitig eine Thromboseprophylaxe mit niedermolekularem oder unfraktioniertem Heparin oder alternativ mit Fondaparinux erhalten, sofern kein deutlich erhöhtes Blutungsrisiko vorliegt. Außerhalb der etablierten Therapieindikationen sollte eine intensivierte oder therapeutisch dosierte Prophylaxe auch aufgrund vermehrter Blutungskomplikationen bei diesen kritisch erkrankten Patienten sehr zurückhaltend erwogen werden. Die routinemäßige Fortführung einer prophylaktischen Antikoagulation nach der Krankenhausentlassung wird derzeit nicht empfohlen.
Development of epoxy resin-based microfluidic devices using CO2 laser ablation for DNA amplification point-of-care (POC) applications
Authors: Mansour Heba , Soliman Emad A. , El-Bab Ahmed M. Fath , Abdel-Mawgood Ahmed L.
Published: March 2022

Microfluidic devices are a rising technology to automatize chemical and biological operations. In this context, laser ablation has significant potential for polymer-based microfluidic platforms’ fast and economical manufacturing. Nevertheless, the manufacturing of epoxy-based microfluidic chips is considered highly cost full due to the demand for cleanroom facilities that utilize expensive equipment and lengthy processes. Therefore, this study targeted investigating the feasibility of epoxy resins to be fabricated as a lab-on-chip using carbon dioxide laser ablation. The chemical structural properties and thermal stability of the plain epoxy resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, a specific migration test was performed to quantify potential migrants by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to prove that the cured epoxy resin would not release unreacted monomers to the biological solution test, which caused inhibition of the sensitive biological reactions. By investigating the impact of this process on microchannels’ dimensions and quality, a laser technique using CO2 laser was used in vector mode to engrave into a transparent epoxy resin chip. The resulting microchannels were characterized using 3D laser microscopy. The outcomes of this study showed considerable potential for laser ablation in machining the epoxy-based chips, whereas the microchannels machined by laser processing at an input power of 1.8 W and scanning speed of 5 mm/s have an aspect ratio of about 1.19 and a reasonable surface roughness (Ra) of ~ 15 µm. Meanwhile, the bulge height was 0.027 µm with no clogging, and HAZ was ~ 18 µm. This study validated the feasibility of quick and cost-effective CO2 laser microfabrication to develop epoxy resin-based microfluidic chips without the need for cleanroom facilities that require expensive equipment and lengthy process.
Dynamic susceptibility-contrast magnetic resonance imaging with contrast agent leakage correction aids in predicting grade in pediatric brain tumours: a multicenter study
Authors: Withey Stephanie B. , MacPherson Lesley , Oates Adam , Powell Stephen , Novak Jan , Abernethy Laurence , Pizer Barry , Grundy Richard , Morgan Paul S. , Bailey Simon , Mitra Dipayan , Arvanitis Theodoros N. , Auer Dorothee P. , Avula Shivaram , Peet Andrew C.
Published: March 2022

Background

Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) measured using dynamic susceptibility-contrast MRI can differentiate between low- and high-grade pediatric brain tumors. Multicenter studies are required for translation into clinical practice.

Objective

We compared leakage-corrected dynamic susceptibility-contrast MRI perfusion parameters acquired at multiple centers in low- and high-grade pediatric brain tumors.

Materials and methods

Eighty-five pediatric patients underwent pre-treatment dynamic susceptibility-contrast MRI scans at four centers. MRI protocols were variable. We analyzed data using the Boxerman leakage-correction method producing pixel-by-pixel estimates of leakage-uncorrected (rCBVuncorr) and corrected (rCBVcorr) relative cerebral blood volume, and the leakage parameter, K2. Histological diagnoses were obtained. Tumors were classified by high-grade tumor. We compared whole-tumor median perfusion parameters between low- and high-grade tumors and across tumor types.

Results

Forty tumors were classified as low grade, 45 as high grade. Mean whole-tumor median rCBVuncorr was higher in high-grade tumors than low-grade tumors (mean ± standard deviation [SD] = 2.37±2.61 vs. –0.14±5.55; P<0.01). Average median rCBV increased following leakage correction (2.54±1.63 vs. 1.68±1.36; P=0.010), remaining higher in high-grade tumors than low grade-tumors. Low-grade tumors, particularly pilocytic astrocytomas, showed T1-dominant leakage effects; high-grade tumors showed T2*-dominance (mean K2=0.017±0.049 vs. 0.002±0.017). Parameters varied with tumor type but not center. Median rCBVuncorr was higher (mean = 1.49 vs. 0.49; P=0.015) and K2 lower (mean = 0.005 vs. 0.016; P=0.013) in children who received a pre-bolus of contrast agent compared to those who did not. Leakage correction removed the difference.

Conclusion

Dynamic susceptibility-contrast MRI acquired at multiple centers helped distinguish between children’s brain tumors. Relative cerebral blood volume was significantly higher in high-grade compared to low-grade tumors and differed among common tumor types. Vessel leakage correction is required to provide accurate rCBV, particularly in low-grade enhancing tumors.
Adherence of long-term breast cancer survivors to follow-up care guidelines: a study based on real-world data from the SURBCAN cohort
Authors: Santiá Paula , Jansana Anna , del Cura Isabel , Padilla-Ruiz Maria , Domingo Laia , Louro Javier , Comas Mercè , Sanz Teresa , Duarte-Salles Talita , Redondo Maximino , Ibañez Berta , Prados-Torres Alexandra , Castells Xavier , Sala Maria ,   SURBCAN Group
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To identify adherence to follow-up recommendations in long-term breast cancer survivors (LTBCS) of the SURBCAN cohort and to identify its determinants, using real-world data.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study using electronic health records from 2012 to 2016 of women diagnosed with incident breast cancer in Spain between 2000 and 2006 and surviving at least 5 years. Adherence to basic follow-up recommendations, adherence according to risk of recurrence, and overall adherence were calculated based on attendance at medical appointments and imaging surveillance, by year of survivorship. Logistic regression models were fitted to depict the association between adherence and its determinants.

Results

A total of 2079 LTBCS were followed up for a median of 4.97 years. Of them, 23.6% had survived ≥ 10 years at baseline. We estimated that 79.5% of LTBCS were overall adherent to at least one visit and one imaging test. Adherence to recommendations decreased over time and no differences were found according to recurrence risk. Determinants of better overall adherence were diagnosis in middle age (50–69 years old), living in a more-deprived area, having fewer years of survival, receiving primary treatment, and being alive at the end of follow-up.

Conclusion

We identified women apparently not complying with surveillance visits and tests. Special attention should be paid to the youngest and eldest women at diagnosis and to those with longer survival.
Reciprocal relations between dimensions of Oppositional defiant problems and callous-unemotional traits
Authors: Ezpeleta Lourdes , Penelo Eva , Navarro J. Blas , de la Osa Núria , Trepat Esther , Wichstrøm Lars
Published: March 2022

Although irritability, headstrong/defiant behavior, and callous-unemotional traits (CU traits) often co-occur, the prospective associations between them are not well known. A general population sample of 622 children was followed up yearly from ages 3 to 12 years and assessed using dimensional measures of irritability, headstrong/defiant, and CU traits with teacher provided information. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model, accounting for all unmeasured time-invariant confounding using the children as their own controls, revealed cross-lagged reciprocal associations between increased headstrong/defiant and increased CU traits at all ages and a unidirectional association from headstrong/defiant to irritability. The findings are consistent with headstrong/defiant behavior and CU traits mutually influencing each other over time and headstrong/defiant behavior enhancing irritability. School-based intervention and prevention programs should take these findings into consideration. They also suggest that irritability acts as a distinct developmental dimension of headstrong/defiant and callous-unemotional behaviors and needs to be addressed independently.
Recovery after volcanic ash deposition: vegetation effects on soil organic carbon, soil structure and infiltration rates
Authors: Saputra Danny Dwi , Sari Rika Ratna , Hairiah Kurniatun , Widianto  , Suprayogo Didik , van Noordwijk Meine
Published: March 2022

Background and purpose

Volcanic eruptions of pyroclastic tephra, including the ash-sized fraction (< 2 mm; referred to as volcanic ash), have negative direct impacts on soil quality. The intensity (deposit thickness, particle-size distribution) and frequency (return period) of tephra deposition influence soil formation. Vulnerability and subsequent recovery (resilience) of the plant-soil system depend on land-uses (vegetation and management). Few previous studies covered the whole deposition-recovery cycle. We investigated the volcanic ash deposition effects on soil properties and their recovery across land-uses on a densely populated volcanic slope.

Methods

We measured the canopy cover and volcanic ash thickness six years after the 2014 Mt. Kelud eruption in four land-use systems: remnant (degraded) forests, complex agroforestry, simple agroforestry, and annual crops. Each system was monitored in three landscape replicates (total 12 plots). For the soil recovery study, we measured litter thickness, soil texture, Corg, soil C stocks, aggregate stability, porosity, and soil infiltration in three different observation periods (pre-eruption, three, and six years after eruption).

Results

Post-eruption volcanic ash thickness varied between land-use systems and was influenced by the plots slope position rather than canopy cover. The average soil texture and porosity did not vary significantly between the periods. Surface volcanic ash and soil layers initially had low aggregate stability and limited soil infiltration, demonstrating hydrophobicity. While Corg slowly increased from low levels in the fresh volcanic ash, surface litter layer, aggregate stability, and soil infiltration quickly recovered.

Conclusions

Different land-use management resulted in different recovery trajectories of soil physical properties and function over the medium to long term after volcanic ash deposition.
On the identifiability of Bayesian factor analytic models
Authors: Papastamoulis Panagiotis , Ntzoufras Ioannis
Published: March 2022

A well known identifiability issue in factor analytic models is the invariance with respect to orthogonal transformations. This problem burdens the inference under a Bayesian setup, where Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are used to generate samples from the posterior distribution. We introduce a post-processing scheme in order to deal with rotation, sign and permutation invariance of the MCMC sample. The exact version of the contributed algorithm requires to solve$$2^q$$2qassignment problems per (retained) MCMC iteration, whereqdenotes the number of factors of the fitted model. For large numbers of factors two approximate schemes based on simulated annealing are also discussed. We demonstrate that the proposed method leads to interpretable posterior distributions using synthetic and publicly available data from typical factor analytic models as well as mixtures of factor analyzers. An R package is available online at CRAN web-page.
Expert Consensus on Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes
Authors: Yang Yan , Zhao Jia-jun , Yu Xue-feng
Published: March 2022

The incidence of diabetes is gradually increasing in China, and diabetes and associated complications, such as cognitive dysfunction have gained much attention in recent time. However, the concepts, clinical treatment, and prevention of cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes remain unclear. The Chinese Society of Endocrinology investigated the current national and overseas situation of cognitive dysfunction associated with diabetes. Based on research both in China and other countries worldwide, the Expert Consensus on Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes was established to guide physicians in the comprehensive standardized management of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes and to improve clinical outcomes in Chinese patients. This consensus presents an overview, definition and classification, epidemiology and pathogenesis, risk factors, screening, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes.
Laparoscopic management of pathologic gastroesophageal reflux after sleeve gastrectomy using the magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) device—a Video Vignette
Authors: Bona Davide , Zappa Marco Antonio , Panizzo Valerio , Sozzi Andrea , Lastraioli Caterina , Lombardo Francesca , Ogliari Cristina , Aiolfi Alberto
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been shown to be not infrequent after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Management may vary from medical therapy to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) conversion. Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) device has been shown to be a promising option with excellent results. The purpose of this video was to demonstrate the laparoscopic management of post-LSG GERD with MSA device implant.

Materials and Methods

An intraoperative video has been edited to demonstrate the MSA device placement after LSG for the treatment of pathologic GERD.

Results

The procedure started with the lysis of the perigastric adhesions to free the distal esophagus circumferentially. The posterior vagus nerve was identified, and a small window was created between the posterior esophageal wall anteriorly and the vagus nerve posteriorly. A hiatoplasty was performed using two non-resorbable interrupted 2.0 Prolene® sutures. The system’s sizer was placed to measure the junctional circumference. A 15-mm MSA device was implanted.

Conclusion

MSA device placement seems technically feasible and safe with promising results in term of improved LES resting pressure and esophageal acid exposure. While future studies are necessary to corroborate these preliminary indications, MSA device may possibly become a valid option in surgeon armamentarium.
Minimally-invasive treatments for benign thyroid nodules: recommendations for information to patients and referring physicians by the Italian Minimally-Invasive Treatments of the Thyroid group
Authors: Mauri Giovanni , Bernardi Stella , Palermo Andrea , Cesareo Roberto ,   the Italian Minimally-Invasive Treatments of the Thyroid group, Papini Enrico , Solbiati Luigi , Barbaro Daniele , Monti Salvatore , Deandrea Maurilio , Fugazzola Laura , Gambelunghe Giovanni , Negro Roberto , Spiezia Stefano , Stacul Fulvio , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Cavallaro Marco , Achille Gaetano , Cantisani Vito , Cozzaglio Luca , Crescenzi Anna , De Cobelli Francesco , Garberoglio Roberto , Giugliano Gioacchino , Persani Luca , Raggiunti Bruno , Seregni Ettore , Van Doorne Dominique , Frasoldati Andrea , Carzaniga Chiara , Lombardi Celestino Pio , Papi Giampaolo , Guglielmi Rinaldo , Orsi Franco , Cervelli Rosa , Barbieri Chiara , Trimboli Pierpaolo , Monzani Dario
Published: March 2022

Purpose

In this paper, the members of the Italian Working Group on Minimally-Invasive Treatments of the Thyroid (MITT group) aim to summarize the most relevant information that could be of help to referring physicians and that should be provided to patients when considering the use of MITT for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules.

Methods

An interdisciplinary board of physicians with specific expertise in the management of thyroid nodules was appointed by the Italian MITT Group. A systematic literature search was performed, and an evidence-based approach was used, including also the knowledge and the practical experience of the panelists to develop the paper.

Results

The paper provides a list of questions that are frequently asked by patients to operators performing MITT, each with a brief and detailed answer and more relevant literature references to be consulted.

Conclusions

This paper summarizes the most relevant information to be provided to patients and general practitioners/referring physicians about the use of MITT for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules.
Novel regional longitudinal strain by speckle tracking to detect significant coronary artery disease in patients admitted to the emergency department for chest pain suggestive of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Norum Ingvild Billehaug , Otterstad Jan Erik , Ruddox Vidar , Bendz Bjørn , Edvardsen Thor
Published: March 2022

Background

Global longitudinal strain has shown variable results in detecting ischemia in patients admitted to the emergency department with chest pain, but without other clear evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim was to investigate whether assessment of regional longitudinal myocardial function could assist in detecting significant CAD in these patients.

Methods

Clinical evaluation, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and troponin T were evaluated in 126 patients admitted with chest pain. A subsequent invasive coronary angiography divided patients into two groups: significant CAD (CAD+) or non-significant CAD (CAD−). Global and regional myocardial function were evaluated by speckle tracking echocardiography. Regional longitudinal strain was defined as the highest longitudinal strain values in four adjacent left ventricular segments and termed 4AS.

Results

CAD+ was found in 37 patients (29%) of which 51% had elevated troponin. Mean 4AS was − 13.1% (± 3.5) in the CAD+ and − 15.2% (± 2.7) (p = 0.002) in the CAD− group. Predictors for CAD+ were age [OR 1.06 (1.01–1.11, p = 0.026)], smoking [OR 3.39 (1.21–9.51, p = 0.020)], troponin [OR 3.32 (1.28–8.60, p = 0.014)) and 4AS (OR 1.24 (1.05–1.46, p = 0.010)]. A cutoff for 4AS of > − 15% showed the best diagnostic performance with event-reclassification of 0.41 (p < 0.001), non-event-reclassification of − 0.34 (p < 0.001) and net reclassification improvement 0.07 (p = 0.60).

Conclusion

Decreased myocardial function in four adjacent LV segments assessed by strain has the potential to detect significant CAD in patients admitted with chest pain and negative/slightly elevated initial troponin.

Trial registration: Current Research information system in Norway (CRISTIN). Id: 555249.
Diagnostische Fähigkeiten mit der videobasierten Lernumgebung ViviAn fördern
Authors: Enenkiel Patrizia , Bartel Marie-Elene , Walz Moritz , Roth Jürgen
Published: March 2022

Ziel des vorliegenden Forschungsprojekts ist es, zu untersuchen, ob diagnostische Fähigkeiten von Mathematiklehramtsstudierenden mit der videobasierten Lernumgebung ViviAn (https://vivian.uni-landau.de) gefördert werden können. Für die Entwicklung von ViviAn wurden kurze Videovignetten aus videografierten Gruppenarbeiten im Mathematik-Labor „Mathe ist mehr“ zugeschnitten und mit entsprechenden Kontextinformationen in der dazu entwickelten Lernumgebung ViviAn implementiert. Die Videovignetten zeigen Schülerinnen und Schüler der Klassenstufen 5, 6 und 11 bei der Bearbeitung von Aufgaben zur Bestimmung von Längen, Flächen- und Rauminhalten geometrischer Figuren. Entsprechend umfasst der Diagnosegegenstand die Fähigkeiten, die die Schülerinnen und Schüler bei der Bearbeitung der Aufgaben zeigen und die Schwierigkeiten, die sie beim Lösen dieser Aufgaben haben. Ausgehend vom Diagnosegegenstand und dem Ziel der Förderung der Schülerinnen und Schüler leiten inhaltlich abgestimmte Diagnoseaufträge die Studierenden durch die Videoanalysen. Die diagnostischen Fähigkeiten wurden hierbei durch die Teilkomponenten Beschreiben, Deuten, Ursachen finden und Konsequenzen ableiten operationalisiert. Um den Studierenden die Möglichkeit zu geben, mit Hilfe der Lernumgebung ihre diagnostischen Fähigkeiten zu entwickeln, können sie ihre Antworten mit Musterlösungen zu den Diagnoseaufträgen vergleichen. Zur Prüfung der Wirksamkeit der videobasierten Lernumgebung wurde eine quasi-experimentelle Studie mit einer Kontrollgruppe durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Arbeit mit der videobasierten Lernumgebung zu einer signifikanten Lernentwicklung der Mathematiklehramtsstudierenden hinsichtlich ihrer diagnostischen Fähigkeiten in diesem mathematikdidaktischen Bereich beiträgt. Bei der Kontrollgruppe hingegen konnte kein Lerneffekt verzeichnet werden. Wir schließen daraus, dass die Arbeit mit ViviAn Studierende dabei unterstützen kann, diagnostische Fähigkeiten zu entwickeln.