bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
13C‐TmDOTA as versatile thermometer compound for solid‐state NMR of hydrated lipid bilayer membranes
Authors: Umegawa Yuichi , Tanaka Yuya , Nobuaki Matsumori , Murata Michio
Published: October 2015

Recent advances in solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, such as magic angle spinning and high‐power decoupling, have dramatically increased the sensitivity and resolution of NMR. However, these NMR techniques generate extra heat, causing a temperature difference between the sample in the rotor and the variable temperature gas. This extra heating is a particularly crucial problem for hydrated lipid membrane samples. Thus, to develop an NMR thermometer that is suitable for hydrated lipid samples, thulium‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetate (TmDOTA) was synthesized and labeled with 13C (i.e., 13C‐TmDOTA) to increase the NMR sensitivity. The complex was mixed with a hydrated lipid membrane, and the system was subjected to solid‐state NMR and differential scanning calorimetric analyses. The physical properties of the lipid bilayer and the quality of the NMR spectra of the membrane were negligibly affected by the presence of 13C‐TmDOTA, and the 13C chemical shift of the complex exhibited a large‐temperature dependence. The results demonstrated that 13C‐TmDOTA could be successfully used as a thermometer to accurately monitor temperature changes induced by 1H decoupling pulses and/or by magic angle spinning and the temperature distribution of the sample inside the rotor. Thus, 13C‐TmDOTA was shown to be a versatile thermometer for hydrated lipid assemblies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between physical symptoms and health‐related quality of life in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
Authors: Youssof Sarah
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) causes ptosis, dysphagia, and limb weakness. Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and its relationship to physical symptoms was investigated.

Methods

The 36‐item Short Form (SF‐36) was completed by 89 participants in the U.S. OPMD Registry. Multiple hierarchical regression was used to determine the relative contributions of dysphagia severity and lower extremity functional impairment to the physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) components of the SF‐36.

Results

HRQoL was reduced in OPMD compared with population norms. Lower extremity functional impairment explained a significant proportion of variance in PCS and MCS. Dysphagia symptom severity explained a moderate amount of variance only in MCS. Dysphagia symptom severity had the strongest associations with general health perception and social functioning domains.

Conclusions

Lower extremity functional impairment in OPMD deserves attention due to its large influence on HRQoL. Both generic and dysphagia‐specific measures are necessary to assess HRQoL in OPMD. Muscle Nerve 53: 694–699, 2016
Aus eins mach zwei: die Zwillingspolymerisation
Authors: Seifert Andreas , Spange Stefan
Published: October 2015

Die Zwillingspolymerisation von organisch‐anorganischen Hybridmonomeren ist eine leistungsfähige Methode, um poröse Materialien und Nanokomposite herzustellen.
On the Lanczos and Golub–Kahan reduction methods applied to discrete ill‐posed problems
Authors: Gazzola Silvia , Onunwor Enyinda , Reichel Lothar , Rodriguez Giuseppe
Published: October 2015

The symmetric Lanczos method is commonly applied to reduce large‐scale symmetric linear discrete ill‐posed problems to small ones with a symmetric tridiagonal matrix. We investigate how quickly the nonnegative subdiagonal entries of this matrix decay to zero. Their fast decay to zero suggests that there is little benefit in expressing the solution of the discrete ill‐posed problems in terms of the eigenvectors of the matrix compared with using a basis of Lanczos vectors, which are cheaper to compute. Similarly, we show that the solution subspace determined by the LSQR method when applied to the solution of linear discrete ill‐posed problems with a nonsymmetric matrix often can be used instead of the solution subspace determined by the singular value decomposition without significant, if any, reduction of the quality of the computed solution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Third trimester ultrasound for the prediction of the large for gestational age fetus in low‐risk population and evaluation of contingency strategies
Authors: Pilalis Athanasios , Souka Athena P. , Papastefanou Ioannis , Michalitsi Vasiliki , Panagopoulos Perikles , Chrelias Charalambos , Kassanos Dimitrios
Published: October 2015

Objective

Evaluation of the effectiveness of third trimester fetal biometry and Doppler studies in predicting the birth of a large for gestational age neonate (LGA ≥ 95th centile). Assessment of the value of integrated models (combining maternal characteristics, first trimester parameters, third trimester fetal biometry) and the usefulness of contingency strategies.

Method

Observational cross‐sectional study on 2308 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies examined at 11 to 14 weeks and at 30 to 34 weeks.

Results

Ultrasound estimated fetal weight (EFW, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.83) was the best single predictor of LGA. Maternal weight, delta nuchal translucency and EFW were independent predictors for the integrated model, but the latter was not statistically better (AUC = 0.84) than using EFW alone. The detection rates for LGA were 72.5% and 73.7% for a 25% screen positive rate, by EFW and the third trimester integrated model respectively.

A contingency strategy of rescanning 50% of the population in the third trimester according to the risk estimation by a first trimester prediction model results in detection rate of 64.7% for LGA for the same 25% screen positive rate (AUC = 0.78).

Conclusions

Third trimester ultrasound is an effective screening modality for identifying fetal macrosomia. A contingency strategy utilizing first trimester parameters can reduce the need for unnecessary examinations. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymers and nanocomposites: synthesis and metal ion pollutant uptake
Authors: Rivas Bernabé L , Sánchez Julio , Urbano Bruno F
Published: October 2015

This paper is an overview of the versatile polymer materials containing different functional groups at the main or side chain to remove hazardous inorganic species. These materials include water‐insoluble, nanocomposite and water‐soluble polymers. Water‐insoluble polymers and nanocomposites are used in adsorption and ion exchange processes, whereas water‐soluble polymers are employed with ultrafiltration membranes in the liquid‐phase polymer‐based retention technique. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The Effect of Housing Choice Voucher Households on Neighborhood Crime: Longitudinal Evidence From Dallas
Authors: Van Zandt Shannon S. , Mhatre Pratik C.
Published: October 2015

Tenant‐based housing assistance is designed to provide access for low‐income households to a wider range of housing options, de‐concentrating poverty and reducing the exposure of these households to negative conditions. Yet an observed coincidence of crime and subsidized households indicates that something is going wrong. Either households are constrained in their choices and are settling in high‐crime neighborhoods, or these households bring crime with them, using vouchers to penetrate otherwise low‐crime neighborhoods. We use longitudinal data from Dallas to assess whether changes in the number of Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) households are related to changes in crime, not just whether HCV households are present in high‐crime neighborhoods. The evidence supports the hypothesis that observed relationships between crime and HCV households result from a lack of units that accept vouchers in areas that have lower levels of crime. The hypothesis that voucher holders are the cause of increases in neighborhood crime is not supported.
Reaction Chemistry Generated by Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Treatment is Responsible for the Tumor Eradication in the B16 Melanoma Mouse Model
Authors: Chernets Natalie , Kurpad Deepa S. , Alexeev Vitali , Rodrigues Dario B. , Freeman Theresa A.
Published: October 2015

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive metastatic cancers with resistance to radiation and most chemotherapy agents. This study highlights an alternative treatment for melanoma based on nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (nsP DBD). We show that a single nsP DBD treatment, directly applied to a 5 mm orthotopic mouse melanoma tumor, completely eradicates it 66% (n = 6; p ≤ 0.05) of the time. It was determined that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by nsP DBD are the main cause of tumor eradication, while nsP electric field and heat generated by the discharge are not sufficient to kill the tumor. However, we do not discount that potential synergy between each plasma generated component (temperature, electric field and reactive species) can enhance the killing efficacy.
Combination of HAADF‐STEM and ADF‐STEM Tomography for Core–Shell Hybrid Materials
Authors: Sentosun Kadir , Sanz Ortiz Marta N. , Batenburg K. Joost , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Bals Sara
Published: October 2015

Characterization of core–shell type nanoparticles in 3D by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be very challenging. Especially when both heavy and light elements coexist within the same nanostructure, artifacts in the 3D reconstruction are often present. A representative example would be a particle comprising an anisotropic metallic (Au) nanoparticle coated with a (mesoporous) silica shell. To obtain a reliable 3D characterization of such an object, a dose‐efficient strategy is proposed to simultaneously acquire high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning TEM and annular dark‐field tilt series for tomography. The 3D reconstruction is further improved by applying an advanced masking and interpolation approach to the acquired data. This new methodology enables us to obtain high‐quality reconstructions from which also quantitative information can be extracted. This approach is broadly applicable to investigate hybrid core–shell materials.
Highly Water‐Dispersible, Highly Conductive, and Biocompatible Polypyrrole‐Coated Silica Particles Stabilized and Doped by Chondroitin Sulfate
Authors: Zhou Lei , Tan Guoxin , Ouyang Kongyou , Liu Yan , Ning Chengyun
Published: October 2015

Currently available methods to prepare conducting polymers‐coated colloidal substrates for biomedical applications need to be improved because they involve the use of toxic reagents and tend to result in aggregated products with diminished conductivity. The work herein describes for the first time a facile strategy for preparing highly water‐dispersible, highly conductive, and biocompatible polypyrrole‐coated silica core–shell (SiO2@PPy) particles using only chondroitin sulfate (CS), a biologically derived polymer, as the stabilizer and dopant. The CS preadsorbed onto silica surface serves as a template to control the confined growth of the PPy shell and doping of in situ polymerized PPy shell. The thickness of the PPy shell can be tuned from 8 to 17 nm by varying the CS preadsorbed amount. Increasing the thickness of the adsorbed CS layer can control the deposition of thinner PPy shells on an SiO2 core surface to provide highly water‐dispersible SiO2@PPy particles. Moreover, CS‐doped SiO2@PPy particles exhibit conductivities as high as 5.3 S cm−1. The conductivity of the particles depends on the PPy mass loading and the doping level of the PPy shell. Furthermore, the SiO2@PPy particles exhibit good biocompatibility and therefore have potential applications in biomedicine.
Fungal skin infections: current approaches to management
Authors: Jaulim Zara , Salmon Nicola , Fuller Claire
Published: October 2015

The dermatophyte skin infections tinea capitis, tinea pedis and onychomycosis are common and challenging to treat. This review focuses on key points and recent guidelines on the diagnosis and management of fungal skin infections.
Antiarthritic Activity of a Standardized, Multiherbal, Ayurvedic Formulation containing Boswellia serrata: In Vitro Studies on Knee Cartilage from Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Sumantran V. N. , Joshi A. K. , Boddul S. , Koppikar S. J. , Warude D. , Patwardhan B. , Chopra A. , Chandwaskar R. , Wagh U. V.
Published: October 2015

A validated in vitro model of cartilage damage and published data were used showing that this model measures the chondroprotective and antiinflammatory effects of different antiarthritic drugs. In this report, this model was used to evaluate the effects of a new antiarthritic Ayurvedic formulation containing Zingiber officinale root, Tinospora cordifolia stem, Phyllanthus emblica fruit and oleoresin of Boswellia serrata. Glucosamine sulphate was used as a positive control in the study. Aqueous extracts of each drug were tested on explant cultures of knee cartilage obtained from osteoarthritis patients undergoing knee replacement surgery. The new formulation caused a sustained and statistically significant inhibition in the release of glycosaminoglycans and aggrecan by cartilage explants from these patients. This formulation also induced a transient antiinflammatory effect as measured by a reduction in the levels of nitric oxide released by explants. Furthermore, the data strongly suggest that oleoresin of B. serrata plays a crucial role in the chondroprotective and antiinflammatory activity of this formulation. In summary, this report provides the first, direct, in vitro biochemical evidence of anti‐arthritic activity a new Ayurvedic formulation. This formulation significantly reduced damage of articular knee cartilage from chronic osteoarthritis patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Condition‐Based Maintenance with Imperfect Preventive Repairs for a Deteriorating Production System
Authors: Van Phuc Do , Bérenguer Christophe
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a condition‐based maintenance policy considering aspects of maintenance cost and productivity for a single‐unit deteriorating production system whose condition is periodically monitored. Imperfect preventive maintenance actions, which restore the production system to better than old, are considered with both deterministic and random intervention gains. Moreover, the system is assumed to be repaired only a limited number of times. In order to assess the performance of the proposed maintenance policy, different types of imperfect preventive maintenance cost functions are investigated. A numerical example of a multi‐state production system is finally introduced to illustrate the use and the advantages of the proposed policy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scattering state of the multiparameter potential with an improved approximation for the centrifugal term in D‐dimensions
Authors: Ikot Akpan N. , Ibanga Eno J. , Hassanabadi Hassan
Published: October 2015

Recently, multi‐parameter potential has been introduced and had been discussed as special cases of other potential model, that is why we are interested to the study of such a potential. In order to study this potential, the D‐dimensional Schrödinger has been presented in detail and the scattering state with any arbitrary J‐state due to this potential has been investigated approximately. After this step, we have discussed analytically the scattering and bound state for some special cases in D‐dimensional situations which play important roles in physics. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced authentication for commercial video services
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Chu Cheng‐Kang , Sun Hung‐Min , Zhou Jianying , Deng Robert H.
Published: October 2015

The advance in information technology has made video service a market with great commercial value. As an example, in‐vehicle infotainment has been introduced to vehicles with which customers can enjoy subscribed media services wherever they are. This paper investigates the authentication in commercial video services using a recently proposed protocol, the Sun–Leu protocol, as baseline. Several important security and performance requirements are revisited, including mutual authentication, anonymous authentication, one‐to‐many delivery, low communication cost and the security against replay attacks. We provide a detailed analysis of the Sun–Leu protocol against these requirements, based on which an enhanced authentication scheme is proposed. The new scheme is designed within the framework of the Sun–Leu protocol, preserves all merits of the original protocol and provides a higher level of security for video communication services. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Crucial Role of Rh Substituent Ion in Photoinduced Internal Electron Transfer and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of CdS–Ti(5.2–x)/6Rhx/2O2 Nanohybrids
Authors: Lee Jang Mee , Jin Hyung Bin , Kim In Young , Jo Yun Kyung , Hwang Jung‐Wook , Wang Kang‐Kyun , Kim Min Gyu , Kim Yong‐Rok , Hwang Seong‐Ju
Published: October 2015

The photocatalytic activity and photostability of CdS quantum dot (QD) can be remarkably enhanced by hybridization with Rh‐substituted layered titanate nanosheet even at very low Rh substitution rate (<1%). Mesoporous CdS–Ti(5.2−x)/6Rhx/2O2 nanohybrids are synthesized by a self‐assembly of exfoliated Ti(5.2−x)/6Rhx/2O2 nanosheets with CdS QDs. The partial substitution of Rh3+/Rh4+ ions for Ti4+ ions in layered titanate is quite effective in enhancing an electronic coupling between hybridized CdS and titanate components via the formation of interband Rh 4d states. A crucial role of Rh substituent ion in the internal electron transfer is obviously evidenced from in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy showing the elongation of (RhO) bond under visible light irradiation. This is the first spectroscopic evidence for the important role of substituent ion in the photoinduced electron transfer of hybrid‐type photocatalyst. The CdS–Ti(5.2−x)/6Rhx/2O2 nanohybrids show much higher photocatalytic activity for H2 production and better photostability than do CdS and unsubstituted CdS–TiO2 nanohybrid. This result is ascribable to the enhancement of visible light absorptivity, the depression of electron–hole recombination, and the enhanced hole curing of CdS upon Rh substitution. The present study underscores that the hybridization with composition‐controlled inorganic nanosheet provides a novel efficient methodology to optimize the photo‐related functionalities of semiconductor nanocrystal.
Graphene‐Protected 3D Sb‐based Anodes Fabricated via Electrostatic Assembly and Confinement Replacement for Enhanced Lithium and Sodium Storage
Authors: Ding Yuan‐Li , Wu Chao , Kopold Peter , van Aken Peter A. , Maier Joachim , Yu Yan
Published: October 2015

Alloy anodes have shown great potential for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, these applications are still limited by inherent huge volume changes and sluggish kinetics. To overcome such limitations, graphene‐protected 3D Sb‐based anodes grown on conductive substrate are designed and fabricated by a facile electrostatic‐assembling and subsequent confinement replacement strategy. As binder‐free anodes for LIBs, the obtained electrode exhibits reversible capacities of 442 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and 295 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1, and a capacity retention of above 90% (based on the 10th cycle) after 200 cycles at 500 mA g−1. As for sodium storage properties, the reversible capacities of 517 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and 315 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1, the capacity retention of 305 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 300 mA g−1 are obtained, respectively. Furthermore, the 3D architecture retains good structural integrity after cycling, confirming that the introduction of high‐stretchy and robust graphene layers can effectively buffer alloying anodes, and simultaneously provide sustainable contact and protection of the active materials. Such findings show its great potential as superior binder‐free anodes for LIBs and SIBs.
Emotional Intelligence and Sociocognitive Skills in Collaborative Teaching and Learning
Authors: Sung Helen Y.
Published: October 2015

This chapter explores emotional intelligence as the glue that binds people together regardless of cultural differences.
Plasmaunterstützte DLC‐Beschichtung von Kunststoffen
Authors: Fischer Christian B. , Bernsmann Falk , Ajaj Wassim , Rohrbeck Magdalena , Busch Heinz , Kessler Barbara , Wehner Stefan
Published: October 2015

Das Aufwachsen von diamantähnlichem Kohlenstoff (DLC) auf Polyethylene (PE) geht einher mit der Bildung einer Zwischenschicht. Dabei verändert sich die ursprüngliche Oberflächenstruktur des Kunststoffes und geht schrittweise in die ungeordnete Struktur der DLC‐Schicht über.

Bevor DLC im Kohlenwasserstoffplasma mittels PECVD‐Methode aufgebracht werden kann, werden alle Substrate unter Verwendung eines Sauerstoffplasmas gereinigt. Dieser erste Teilschritt ist extrem wichtig für das Aufwachsen der DLC‐Schicht, da hierbei die Probenoberfläche bereits abgetragen und teilweise eingeebnet wird.

Kunststoffe können durch DLC‐Beschichtung erfolgreich in der Stabilität verbessert und mit zusätzlichen Eigenschaften und neuen Funktionalitäten ausgestattet werden. Erste mikroskopische Erklärungen für die makroskopischen Phänomene und anwendungsrelevante Fragen konnten aufgezeigt werden. Außerdem werden die Grenzen der Machbarkeit thematisiert. Die hier vorgestellten Methoden werden nun auf weitere Materialien und Beschichtungen angewandt.
New mechanisms that regulate Saccharomyces cerevisiae short peptide transporter achieve balanced intracellular amino acid concentrations
Authors: Melnykov Artem V.
Published: October 2015

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to take up large quantities of amino acids in the form of di‐ and tripeptides via a short peptide transporter, Ptr2p. It is known that PTR2 can be induced by certain peptides and amino acids, and the mechanisms governing this upregulation are understood at the molecular level. We describe two new opposing mechanisms of regulation that emphasize potential toxicity of amino acids: the first is upregulation of PTR2 in a population of cells, caused by amino acid secretion that accompanies peptide uptake; the second is loss of Ptr2p activity, due to transporter internalization following peptide uptake. Our findings emphasize the importance of proper amino acid balance in the cell and extend understanding of peptide import regulation in yeast. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships Among Disease, Social Support, and Perceived Health: A Lifespan Approach
Authors: Heinze Justin E. , Kruger Daniel J. , Reischl Thomas M. , Cupal Suzanne , Zimmerman Marc A.
Published: October 2015

We examined the relationship between the cumulative presence of major disease (cancer, stroke, diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension), social support, and self‐reported general and emotional well‐being in a community representative sample of predominantly White and African American respondents (N= 1349). Across all ages, greater presence of disease predicted poorer reported general health, and predicted lower emotional well‐being for respondents 40 and above. In contrast, social support predicted better‐reported general and emotional well‐being. We predicted that different types of social support (blood relatives, children, friends, community members) would be relatively more important for health in different age groups based on a lifespan or life stage model. This hypothesis was supported; across all ages, social support was related to better reported general and emotional health, but sources of support differed by age. Broadly, those in younger age groups tended to list familial members as their strongest sources of support, whereas older group members listed their friends and community members. As a whole, social support mediated the effect of disease on reported well‐being, however, moderated mediation by type of support was not significant. The results are consistent with a lifespan approach to changing social ties throughout the life course.
Human Rights, Legal Pluralism, and the Freedom of Religion in Malaysia
Authors: BLANCH Samuel D.
Published: October 2015

The so-called crisis of human rights requires a precise diagnosis. Through a theoretical discussion of human rights and legal pluralism in the context of the freedom of religion in Malaysia, this paper suggests that the crisis ought to be understood as something vital to the character of rights. Crisis is not tangential to the human rights project: rights are political objects engendering political responses. Beginning with an excursion into legal positivism and liberalism, the paper argues that analyses of rights based on abstraction and presumptions of homogeneity are confounded in contexts of contested plurality. Secondly, legal pluralism is raised as a more suitable framework for rights. Finally, Augustine and Schmitt offer some clues as to how the political status of human rights might be properly acknowledged. The prominent Malaysian case ofLina Joyprovides an ongoing commentary on the dangers of divorcing human rights from this essential political character.
A SOCIAL HISTORY OF EARLY ARAB PHOTOGRAPHY OR A PROLEGOMENON TO AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LEBANESE IMAGO
Authors: Sheehi Stephen
Published: October 2015

Please open the PDF to view the article.
T. W. Russell and the compulsory-land-purchase campaign in Ulster, 1900–3
Authors: Cosgrove Patrick
Published: October 2015

At the beginning of the twentieth century, land purchase in Ireland conducted in compliance with the land-purchase acts passed by the British government between 1881 and 1896 had ground to a virtual standstill. The numbers within the landlord class who wished to sell had been exhausted, yet tenants were anxious for a comprehensive land-purchase measure. The Wyndham Land Act was introduced in the House of Commons on 25 March 1903. The act – the pinnacle of George Wyndham's term of office as chief secretary of Ireland – was hailed as one of the most important pieces of social legislation since the Act of Union.
Wavelet transforms and their applications to MHD and plasma turbulence: a review
Authors: Farge Marie , Schneider Kai
Published: October 2015

Wavelet analysis and compression tools are reviewed and different applications for the study of MHD and plasma turbulence are presented. We introduce the continuous and the orthogonal wavelet transform and detail several statistical diagnostics based on the wavelet coefficients. We then show how to extract coherent structures out of fully developed turbulent flows using wavelet-based denoising. Finally some multiscale numerical simulation schemes using wavelets are described. Several examples for analysing, compressing and computing one-, two- and three-dimensional turbulent MHD or plasma flows are presented.
The association between childhood maltreatment, psychopathology, and adult sexual victimization in men and women: results from three independent samples
Authors: Werner K. B. , McCutcheon V. V. , Challa M. , Agrawal A. , Lynskey M. T. , Conroy E. , Statham D. J. , Madden P. A. F. , Henders A. K. , Todorov A. A. , Heath A. C. , Degenhardt L. , Martin N. G. , Bucholz K. K. , Nelson E. C.
Published: October 2015

Background

Childhood maltreatment (CM) has consistently been linked with adverse outcomes including substance use disorders and adult sexual revictimization. Adult sexual victimization itself has been linked with psychopathology but has predominately been studied in women. The current investigation examines the impact of CM and co-occurring psychopathology on adult sexual victimization in men and women, replicating findings in three distinct samples.

Method

We investigated the association between continuous CM factor scores and adult sexual victimization in the Childhood Trauma Study (CTS) sample (N = 2564). We also examined the unique relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adult sexual victimization while adjusting for co-occurring substance dependence and psychopathology. We replicated these analyses in two additional samples: the Comorbidity and Trauma Study (CATS; N = 1981) and the Australian Twin-Family Study of Alcohol Use Disorders (OZ-ALC; N = 1537).

Results

Analyses revealed a significant association with CM factor scores and adult sexual victimization for both men and women across all three samples. The CSA factor score was strongly associated with adult sexual victimization after adjusting for substance dependence and psychopathology; higher odds ratios were observed in men (than women) consistently across the three samples.

Conclusions

A continuous measure of CSA is independently associated with adult sexual trauma risk across samples in models that included commonly associated substance dependence and psychopathology as covariates. The strength of the association between this CSA measure and adult sexual victimization is higher in magnitude for men than women, pointing to the need for further investigation of sexual victimization in male community samples.
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis, The Prophet of Bacteriology
Authors: Wykticky Helmut , Skopec Manfred
Published: October 2015

Although by 1931 I. Ph. Semmelweis' achievements and the tragedy of his life had been given their due place in the history of mankind, Alexander Fränkel, formerly Theodor Billroth's assistant and later his biographer, critically stated that the discoverer of the causes of puerperal fever should have defended his discovery with facts rather than with fanaticism. It was only a few years after Semmelweis' death, for instance, that Billroth made laborious experiments. Billroth's work on Coccobacteria had important implications and even influenced Robert Koch, although his hypotheses did not really predict the pathogenic and specific nature of microbes. In 1847 Semmelweis postulated his theory; ie, that the pathological-anatomical changes which he observed in the bodies of the women who died in childbed, in their newborn infants, and in the autopsy findings on his friend Jakob Kolletschka were an entity, morphologically and clinically. He summed them up under the concept of pyemia. Even though Semmelweis was continually abhorred by the evident statistics and would have been able to prove his discovery through animal experiments, he primarily took to the pen to defend his opinion vehemently. Only the clinical facts proved him right during his lifetime; the triumph of bacteriology which began after his death made him not only the “savior of mothers” but also a genial ancestor of bacteriology.
Problem Behaviour as Communication
Authors: Durand V. Mark
Published: October 2015

Individuals with intellectual disabilities commonly engage in a variety of problematic behaviours such as aggression and self-injury. This paper discusses the value of using a communicative model to study these behaviour problems. First, the reciprocal nature of behaviour problems is outlined. Next, research on the use of functional communication training as a treatment for behaviour problems is reviewed in terms of its initial effectiveness, generalisation, and maintenance, as well as the mechanisms responsible for behaviour change. Finally, recommendations are made for future research and training efforts aimed at reducing severe behaviour problems.
The Neurobiology of Substance and Behavioral Addictions
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Brewer Judson A. , Potenza Marc N.
Published: October 2015

Behavioral addictions, such as pathological gambling, kleptomania, pyromania, compulsive buying, and compulsive sexual behavior, represent significant public health concerns and are associated with high rates of psychiatric comorbidity and mortality. Although research into the biology of these behaviors is still in the early stages, recent advances in the understanding of motivation, reward, and addiction have provided insight into the possible pathophysiology of these disorders. Biochemical, functional neuroimaging, genetic studies, and treatment research have suggested a strong neurobiological link between behavioral addictions and substance use disorders. Given the substantial co-occurrence of these groups of disorders, improved understanding of their relationship has important implications not only for further understanding the neurobiology of both categories of disorders but also for improving prevention and treatment strategies.
The Use of Mood Stabilizers and Atypical Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Kowatch Robert A. , DelBello Melissa P.
Published: October 2015

The clinical use of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in children and adolescents with bipolar disorders has increased significantly over the past few years. These agents have multiple effects and interactions. This articles reviews the studies that support the use of mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents with bipolar disorders and presents information on these agent's pharmacokinetics, dosing, and drug interactions.
SNRIs: The Pharmacology, Clinical Efficacy, and Tolerability in Comparison with Other Classes of Antidepressants
Authors: Stahl Stephen M. , Grady Meghan M. , Moret Chantal , Briley Mike
Published: October 2015

The class of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) now comprises three medications: venlafaxine, milnacipran, and duloxetine. These drugs block the reuptake of both serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine with differing selectivity. Whereas milnacipran blocks 5-HT and norepinephrine reuptake with equal affinity, duloxetine has a 10-fold selectivity for 5-HT and venlafaxine a 30-fold selectivity for 5-HT. All three SNRIs are efficacious in treating a variety of anxiety disorders. There is no evidence for major differences between SNRIs and SSRIs in their efficacy in treating anxiety disorders. In contrast to SSRIs, which are generally ineffective in treating chronic pain, all three SNRIs seem to be helpful in relieving chronic pain associated with and independent of depression. Tolerability of an SNRI at therapeutic doses varies within the class. Although no direct comparative data are available, venlafaxine seems to be the least well-tolerated, combining serotonergic adverse effects (nausea, sexual dysfunction, withdrawal problems) with a dose-dependent cardiovascular phenomenon, principally hypertension. Duloxetine and milnacipran appear better tolerated and essentially devoid of cardiovascular toxicity.
The Effect of Pathological Gambling on Families, Marriages, and Children
Authors: Shaw Martha C. , Forbush Kelsie T. , Schlinder Jessica , Rosenman Eugene , Black Donald W.
Published: October 2015

Pathological gambling (PG) is widely reported to have negative consequences on marriages, families, and children. Empirical evidence is only now accumulating but when put together with anecdotal information, the extent of these problems is clear. PG contributes to chaos and dysfunction within the family unit, disrupts marriages, leading to high rates of separation and divorce, and is associated with child abuse and neglect. Divorce rates are high, not surprising in light of reports that these marriages are often abusive. Research shows that the families of pathological gamblers are filled with members who gamble excessively, suffer from depressive or anxiety disorders, and misuse alcohol, drugs, or both. Families of persons with PG are also large, a variable independently related to family dysfunction. The authors review the evidence on the impact of PG on families, marriages, and offspring, and make recommendations for future research targeting these problems.
In-Situ Micro Compression Testing on Polycrystalline Model Materials and Potential Nuclear Fusion Candidate Materials
Authors: Howard C.B. , Shin C. , Parker S. , Frazer D. , Hosemann P. , Choi W.B. , Fluss M. , Kimura A.
Published: October 2015

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Pension reform in an OLG model with heterogeneous abilities
Authors: BUYSE TIM , HEYLEN FREDDY , VAN DE KERCKHOVE RENAAT
Published: October 2015

We study the effects of pension reform on hours worked, human capital, income and welfare in an open economy populated by four overlapping generations: three active generations (the young, the middle aged and the older) and one generation of retired. Within each generation we distinguish individuals with high, medium or low ability to build human capital. Our simulation results prefer a pay-as-you-go pension system with a particular earnings-related linkage above a fully-funded private system. This pay-as-you-go system conditions pension benefits on past individual labor income, with a high weight on labor income earned when older and a low weight on labor income earned when young. Uncorrected, however, such a system implies welfare losses for current low-ability generations and rising inequality. Complementing or replacing it by basic and/or minimum pension components is negative for aggregate employment and welfare. Better is to maintain the tight link between individual labor income and the pension also for low-ability individuals, but to strongly raise their replacement rate. An additional correction improving the welfare of low-ability individuals would be to maintain for these individuals equal weights on past labor income.
Use of a values inventory as a discussion aid about end-of-life care: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Menon Shailaja , McCullough Laurence B. , Beyth Rebecca J. , Ford Marvella E. , Espadas Donna , Braun Ursula K.
Published: October 2015

Objective:

We examined the utility of a brief values inventory as a discussion aid to elicit patients' values and goals for end-of-life (EoL) care during audiotaped outpatient physician–patient encounters.

Method:

Participants were seriously ill male outpatients (n = 120) at a large urban Veterans Affairs medical center. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial, randomizing 60 patients to either the intervention (with the values inventory) or usual care. We used descriptive statistics and qualitative methods to analyze the data. We coded any EoL discussions and recorded the length of such discussions.

Results:

A total of 8 patients (13%) in the control group and 13 (23%) in the intervention group had EoL discussions with a physician (p = 0.77). All EoL discussions in the control group were initiated by the physician, compared with only five (38%) in the intervention group. Because most EoL discussions took place toward the end of the encounter, discussions were usually brief.

Significance of results:

The outpatient setting has been promoted as a better place for discussing EoL care than a hospital during an acute hospitalization for a chronic serious illness. However, the low effectiveness of our intervention calls into question the feasibility of discussing EoL care during a single outpatient visit. Allowing extra time or an extra visit for EoL discussions might increase the efficacy of advance care planning.
Revolution Imagined: Cause Advocacy, Consumer Rights, and the Evolving Role of NGOs in Thailand
Authors: Munger Frank
Published: October 2015

This article describes the founding and evolution of a “Thai-style” NGO dedicated to consumer protection. Through a description of the NGO and the career of its founder, the article brings to light features of the evolution of NGO-based advocacy in Thailand from the student uprising in 1973 to the present. The legacy of the 1973 October Generation of activists continues to influence development of NGOs but new emphasis on rights has emerged since the era of constitutional reform in the 1990s. Many NGOs now make use of litigation to attempt to achieve social change, but litigation, like other long-standing methods of advocacy involving reliance on networks that penetrate government itself, reflect the particular opportunities and pathways for change opened by Thailand’s politics.
Internal Structure and Partial Invariance across Gender in the Spanish Version of the Reasoning Test Battery
Authors: Elosua Paula , Mujika Josu
Published: October 2015

The Reasoning Test Battery (BPR) is an instrument built on theories of the hierarchical organization of cognitive abilities and therefore consists of different tasks related with abstract, numerical, verbal, practical, spatial and mechanical reasoning. It was originally created in Belgium and later adapted to Portuguese. There are three forms of the battery consisting of different items and scales which cover an age range from 9 to 22. This paper focuses on the adaptation of the BPR to Spanish, and analyzes different aspects of its internal structure: (a) exploratory item factor analysis was applied to assess the presence of a dominant factor for each partial scale; (b) the general underlined model was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis, and (c) factorial invariance across gender was studied. The sample consisted of 2624 Spanish students. The results concluded the presence of a general factor beyond the scales, with equivalent values for men and women, and gender differences in the factorial structure which affect the numerical reasoning, abstract reasoning and mechanical reasoning scales.
Near-Surface Aquifer Discovered on Svalbard Glacier
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: October 2015

Arctic glacier aquifer may respond more rapidly to climate change than larger aquifers found on the Greenland ice sheet.
Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 is a deubiquitinase of CCNB1
Authors: Lin Zhenghong , Tan Can , Qiu Quan , Kong Sinyi , Yang Heeyoung , Zhao Fang , Liu Zhaojian , Li Jinping , Kong Qingfei , Gao Beixue , Barrett Terry , Yang Guang-Yu , Zhang Jianing , Fang Deyu
Published: October 2015

The elevated level of CCNB1 indicates more aggressive cancer and poor prognosis. However, the factors that cause CCNB1 upregulation remain enigmatic. Herein, we identify USP22 as a CCNB1 interactor and discover that both USP22 and CCNB1 are dramatically elevated with a strong positive correlation in colon cancer tissues. USP22 stabilizes CCNB1 by antagonizing proteasome-mediated degradation in a cell cycle-specific manner. Phosphorylation of USP22 by CDK1 enhances its activity in deubiquitinating CCNB1. The ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) targets USP22 for degradation by using the substrate adapter CDC20 during cell exit from M phase, presumably allowing CCNB1 degradation. Finally, we discover that USP22 knockdown leads to slower cell growth and reduced tumor size. Our study demonstrates that USP22 is a CCNB1 deubiquitinase, suggesting that targeting USP22 might be an effective approach to treat cancers with elevated CCNB1 expression.
Uniaxial stress control of skyrmion phase
Authors: Nii Y. , Nakajima T. , Kikkawa A. , Yamasaki Y. , Ohishi K. , Suzuki J. , Taguchi Y. , Arima T. , Tokura Y. , Iwasa Y.
Published: October 2015

Magnetic skyrmions, swirling nanometric spin textures, have been attracting increasing attention by virtue of their potential applications for future memory technology and their emergent electromagnetism. Despite a variety of theoretical proposals oriented towards skyrmion-based electronics (that is, skyrmionics), few experiments have succeeded in creating, deleting and transferring skyrmions, and the manipulation methodologies have thus far remained limited to electric, magnetic and thermal stimuli. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for skyrmion phase control based on a mechanical stress. By continuously scanning uniaxial stress at low temperatures, we can create and annihilate a skyrmion crystal in a prototypical chiral magnet MnSi. The critical stress is merely several tens of MPa, which is easily accessible using the tip of a conventional cantilever. The present results offer a new guideline even for single skyrmion control that requires neither electric nor magnetic biases and consumes extremely little energy.
The deuterium/hydrogen distribution in chondritic organic matter attests to early ionizing irradiation
Authors: Laurent Boris , Roskosz Mathieu , Remusat Laurent , Robert François , Leroux Hugues , Vezin Hervé , Depecker Christophe , Nuns Nicolas , Lefebvre Jean-Marc
Published: October 2015

Primitive carbonaceous chondrites contain a large array of organic compounds dominated by insoluble organic matter (IOM). A striking feature of this IOM is the systematic enrichment in deuterium compared with the solar hydrogen reservoir. This enrichment has been taken as a sign of low-temperature ion-molecule or gas-grain reactions. However, the extent to which Solar System processes, especially ionizing radiation, can affect D/H ratios is largely unknown. Here, we report the effects of electron irradiation on the hydrogen isotopic composition of organic precursors containing different functional groups. From an initial terrestrial composition, overall D-enrichments and differential intramolecular fractionations comparable with those measured in the Orgueil meteorite were induced. Therefore, ionizing radiation can quantitatively explain the deuteration of organics in some carbonaceous chondrites. For these meteorites, the precursors of the IOM may have had the same isotopic composition as the main water reservoirs of the inner Solar System.
Coevolution Pattern and Functional Conservation or Divergence of miR167s and their targets across Diverse Plant Species
Authors: Barik Suvakanta , Kumar Ashutosh , Sarkar Das Shabari , Yadav Sandeep , Gautam Vibhav , Singh Archita , Singh Sharmila , Sarkar Ananda K.
Published: October 2015

microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenously produced small non-coding RNAs of 20–21 nt length, processed from precursor miRNAs, regulate many developmental processes by negatively regulating the target genes in both animals and plants. The coevolutionary pattern of a miRNA family and their targets underscores its functional conservation or diversification. The miR167 regulates various aspects of plant development in Arabidopsis by targeting ARF6 and ARF8. The evolutionary conservation or divergence of miR167s and their target genes are poorly understood till now. Here we show the evolutionary relationship among 153 MIR167 genes obtained from 33 diverse plant species. We found that out of the 153 of miR167 sequences retrieved from the “miRBase”, 27 have been annotated to be processed from the 3′ end and have diverged distinctively from the other miR167s produced from 5′ end. Our analysis reveals that gma-miR167h/i and mdm-miR167a are processed from 3′ end and have evolved separately, diverged most resulting in novel targets other than their known ones and thus led to functional diversification, especially in apple and soybean. We also show that mostly conserved miR167 sequences and their target AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs) have gone through parallel evolution leading to functional diversification among diverse plant species.
Structural basis for recognition of Emi2 by Polo-like kinase 1 and development of peptidomimetics blocking oocyte maturation and fertilization
Authors: Jia Jia-Lin , Han Young-Hyun , Kim Hak-Cheol , Ahn Mija , Kwon Jeong-Woo , Luo Yibo , Gunasekaran Pethaiah , Lee Soo-Jae , Lee Kyung S. , Kyu Bang Jeong , Kim Nam-Hyung , Namgoong Suk
Published: October 2015

In a mammalian oocyte, completion of meiosis is suspended until fertilization by a sperm and the cell cycle is arrested by a biochemical activity called cytostatic factor (CSF). Emi2 is one of the CSFs and it maintains the protein level of maturation promoting factor (MPF) by inhibiting ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Degradation of Emi2 via ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis after fertilization requires phosphorylation by Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1). Therefore, recognition and phosphorylation of Emi2 by Plk1 are crucial steps for cell cycle resumption, but the binding mode of Emi2 and Plk1 is poorly understood. Using biochemical assays and X-ray crystallography, we found that two phosphorylated threonines (Thr152 and Thr176) in Emi2 are each responsible for the recruitment of one Plk1 molecule by binding to its C-terminal polo box domain (PBD). We also found that meiotic maturation and meiosis resumption via parthenogenetic activation were impaired when Emi2 interaction with Plk1-PBD was blocked by a peptidomimetic called 103-8. Because of the inherent promiscuity of kinase inhibitors, our results suggest that targeting PBD of Plk1 may be an effective strategy for the development of novel and specific contraceptive agents that block oocyte maturation and/or fertilization.