bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of psychopathology in the relationship between history of maltreatment and suicide attempts among children and adolescent inpatients
Authors: Barbot Baptiste , Eff Henry , Weiss Shira R. , McCarthy James B.
Published: May 2020

Background

This retrospective chart review study investigates the relationship between the history of various forms of abuse and the presence of mood disorders and psychotic symptoms in predicting suicide attempts among psychiatrically hospitalized children and adolescents.

Method

A multi‐mediation analysis was conducted with an archival dataset of 101 children and adolescents hospitalized predominantly for mood disorders and bipolar disorders with and without history of psychotic symptoms.

Results

Results showed that history of suicide attempts was directly associated with physical abuse and indirectly associated with sexual abuse (mediated by bipolar disorders). Emotional abuse was also indirectly related to history of suicide attempts, mediated by mood disorders for boys, and by psychotic symptoms for girls.

Conclusions

This study is among the first to differentiate the unique effects of different types of early maltreatment on psychopathology, particularly mood disorders and psychotic symptoms, and histories of suicide attempts in psychiatrically hospitalized children and youth.

Key Practitioner Message

Little is known about the relationships between histories of maltreatment, psychopathology, and suicide (considered simultaneously) among hospitalized children and adolescents.

Different forms of abuse are associated with distinct psychopathology symptoms, and in turn, risk for suicide attempts.

Only physical abuse is directly related to a history of suicide attempts, while sexual and emotional abuse are indirectly related (mediated by mood disorders and psychotic symptoms).

These risk pathways are partly distinct for girls and boys.

Identifying unique and cumulated risk factors can help prevent suicidality among hospitalized youth.
Paired genetic analysis by next‐generation sequencing of lung cancer and associated idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Otsubo Kohei , Iwama Eiji , Ijichi Kayo , Kubo Naoki , Yoneshima Yasuto , Inoue Hiroyuki , Tanaka Kentaro , Osoegawa Atsushi , Tagawa Tetsuzo , Nakanishi Yoichi , Okamoto Isamu
Published: May 2020

The pathogenesis of lung cancer associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has remained largely uncharacterized. To provide insight into this condition, we undertook genomic profiling of IPF‐associated lung cancer as well as of adjacent fibrosing lung tissue in surgical specimens. Isolated DNA and RNA from 17 IPF‐associated non‐small cell lung cancer and 15 paired fibrosing lung tissue specimens were analyzed by next‐generation sequencing with a panel that targets 161 cancer‐related genes. Somatic genetic alterations were frequently identified in TP53 (n = 6, 35.3%) and PIK3CA (n = 5, 29.4%) genes in tumor samples as well as in EGFR (n = 7, 46.7%), PIK3CA (n = 5, 33.3%), ERBB3 (n = 4, 26.7%), and KDR (n = 4, 26.7%) in IPF samples. Genes related to the RAS‐RAF signaling pathway were also frequently altered in tumor (n = 7, 41.2%) and IPF (n = 3, 20.0%) samples. The number of somatic alterations identified in IPF samples was almost as large as that detected in paired tumor samples (81 vs 90, respectively). However, only 6 of the 81 somatic alterations detected in IPF samples overlapped with those in paired tumor samples. The accumulation of somatic mutations was thus apparent in IPF tissue of patients with IPF‐associated lung cancer, and the RAS‐RAF pathway was implicated in lung tumorigenesis. The finding that somatic alterations were not frequently shared between tumor and corresponding IPF tissue indicates that IPF‐associated lung cancer does not develop through the stepwise accumulation of somatic alterations in IPF.
Feasibility and utility of transbronchial cryobiopsy in precision medicine for lung cancer: Prospective single‐arm study
Authors: Udagawa Hibiki , Kirita Keisuke , Naito Tomoyuki , Nomura Shogo , Ishibashi Masayuki , Matsuzawa Reiko , Hisakane Kakeru , Usui Yuko , Matsumoto Shingo , Yoh Kiyotaka , Niho Seiji , Ishii Genichiro , Goto Koichi
Published: May 2020

Cryoprobe is a novel transbronchial biopsy (TBB) tool that yields larger tissue samples than forceps. Pathological diagnosis and biomarker analysis, such as genetic alterations and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, are paramount for precision medicine against lung cancer. We evaluated the safety and usefulness of cryoprobe TBB for lung cancer diagnosis and biomarker analysis. In this single‐center, prospective single‐arm study, patients suspected of having or diagnosed with primary lung cancer underwent cryoprobe TBB using flexible bronchoscopy after conventional forceps TBB from the same lesion. Cryoprobe TBB was performed in 121 patients. The incidence rate of severe bleeding and serious adverse events (4% [90% confidence interval: 2%‐9%]) was significantly lower than the expected rate (20% with 30% threshold, P < 0.01). Combining both central and peripheral lesions, the diagnostic yield rate of cryoprobe samples was 76% and that of forceps samples was 84%. Compared with forceps TBB samples, cryoprobe TBB samples were larger (cryoprobe 15 mm2 vs forceps 2 mm2) and resulted in a larger proportion of definite histomorphological diagnosis (cryoprobe 86% vs forceps 74%, P < 0.01), larger amounts of DNA extracted from samples (median: cryoprobe, 1.60 µg vs forceps, 0.58 µg, P = 0.02) and RNA (median: cryoprobe, 0.62 µg vs forceps, 0.17 µg, P < 0.01) extracted from samples, and tended to yield greater rates of PD‐L1 expression >1% (51% vs 42%). In conclusion, cryoprobe is a safe and useful tool for obtaining lung cancer tissue samples of adequate size and quality, which allow morphological diagnosis and biomarker analysis for precision medicine against lung cancer.
Preparation and evaluation of 99mTc‐HYNIC‐D(TPPE) as a new targeted imaging probe for detection of colon cancer: Preclinical comparison with 99mTc‐HYNIC‐EPPT
Authors: Maleki Fariba , Masteri Farahani Arezou , Sadeghzadeh Nourollah , Mardanshahi Alireza , Abediankenari Saeid
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to prepare radiolabeled peptide‐based agents for imaging of colon cancer. According to the incorporation of HYNIC for radiolabeling with technetium‐99m, two analogs were designed and compared: an antitumor‐antibody‐derived peptide based on the EPPT sequence and a novel retro‐inverso peptidomimetic derivative D(TPPE) structurally modified by replacing the L‐amino acids with D‐amino acids and reversing the primary amino acid sequence of EPPT. The HYNIC‐conjugated peptides were labeled with 99mTc using tricine/EDDA coligand with more than 98% radiochemical yield and showed high metabolic stability. Kd values of 41.77 ± 7.34 nM and 37.33 ± 8.37 nM for 99mTc‐HYNIC‐EPPT and 99mTc‐HYNIC‐D(TPPE) confirmed high affinity of both peptides for cell surface antigen MUC1. These radiotracers demonstrated no significant differences in the cellular uptake and internalization value, but the biodistribution profile of 99mTc‐HYNIC‐D(TPPE) was more favorable than that of 99mTc‐HYNIC‐EPPT as a result of better tumor‐to‐non‐target ratios for the examined tissues and organs. HT29 tumors were visualized more clearly in scintigraphic images with 99mTc‐HYNIC‐D(TPPE) in comparison with 99mTc‐HYNIC‐EPPT. The results showed the retro‐inverso analog to be a more promising radiotracer as a probe for in vivo targeting of HT‐29 tumors than the parent peptide.
Estimation of spatiotemporal trends in bat abundance from mortality data collected at wind turbines
Authors: Davy Christina M. , Squires Kelly , Zimmerling J. Ryan
Published: May 2020

Renewable energy sources, such as wind energy, are essential tools for reducing the causes of climate change, but wind turbines can pose a collision risk for bats. To date, the population‐level effects of wind‐related mortality have been estimated for only 1 bat species. To estimate temporal trends in bat abundance, we considered wind turbines as opportunistic sampling tools for flying bats (analogous to fishing nets), where catch per unit effort (carcass abundance per monitored turbine) is a proxy for aerial abundance of bats, after accounting for seasonal variation in activity. We used a large, standardized data set of records of bat carcasses from 594 turbines in southern Ontario, Canada, and corrected these data to account for surveyor efficiency and scavenger removal. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate temporal trends in aerial abundance of bats and to explore the effect of spatial factors, including landscape features associated with bat habitat (e.g., wetlands, croplands, and forested lands), on the number of mortalities for each species. The models showed a rapid decline in the abundance of 4 species in our study area; declines in capture of carcasses over 7 years ranged from 65% (big brown bat [Eptesicus fuscus]) to 91% (silver‐haired bat [Lasionycteris noctivagans]). Estimated declines were independent of the effects of mitigation (increasing wind speed at which turbines begin to generate electricity from 3.5 to 5.5 m/s), which significantly reduced but did not eliminate bat mortality. Late‐summer mortality of hoary (Lasiurus cinereus), eastern red (Lasiurus borealis), and silver‐haired bats was predicted by woodlot cover, and mortality of big brown bats decreased with increasing elevation. These landscape predictors of bat mortality can inform the siting of future wind energy operations. Our most important result is the apparent decline in abundance of four common species of bat in the airspace, which requires further investigation.
Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for the prevention and treatment of foot ulcers in people with diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Norman G. , Westby M. J. , Vedhara K. , Game F. , Cullum N. A.
Published: May 2020

Aim

To identify and synthesize the evidence for the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions to promote the healing, and/or reduce the occurrence of, foot ulceration in people with diabetes.

Methods

In March 2019 we searched CENTRAL, Medline, Embase and PsycInfo for randomized controlled trials of interventions with psychosocial components for people with diabetes. The primary outcomes of this review were foot ulceration and healing. We assessed studies using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool, the TIDieR checklist and GRADE. We conducted narrative synthesis and random‐effects meta‐analysis.

Results

We included 31 randomized controlled trials (4511 participants), of which most (24 randomized controlled trials, 4093 participants) were prevention studies. Most interventions were educational with a modest psychosocial component. Ulceration and healing were not reported in most studies; secondary outcomes varied. Evidence was of low or very low quality because of high risks of bias and imprecision, and few studies reported adherence or fidelity. In groups where participants had prior ulceration, educational interventions had no clear effect on new ulceration (low‐quality evidence). Two treatment studies, assessing continuous pharmacist support and an intervention to promote understanding of well‐being, reported healing but their evidence was also of very low quality.

Conclusion

Most psychosocial intervention randomized controlled trials assessing foot ulcer outcomes in people with diabetes were prevention studies, and most interventions were primarily educational. Ulcer healing and development were not well reported. There is a need for better understanding of psychological and behavioural influences on ulcer incidence, healing and recurrence in people with diabetes. Randomized controlled trials of theoretically informed interventions, which assess clinical outcomes, are urgently required. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42016052960).
Liraglutide treatment in overweight and obese patients with type 1 diabetes: A 26‐week randomized controlled trial; mechanisms of weight loss
Authors: Ghanim Husam , Batra Manav , Green Kelly , Abuaysheh Sanaa , Hejna Jeanne , Makdissi Antione , Borowski Robert , Kuhadiya Nitesh D. , Chaudhuri Ajay , Dandona Paresh
Published: May 2020

Aim

To investigate the effects of liraglutide treatment on glycaemic control and adipose tissue metabolism in overweight and obese people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Research design and methods

A total of 84 adult overweight and obese patients with T1DM, with no detectable C‐peptide, were randomized (1:1) to either placebo or 1.8 mg/d liraglutide for 6 months. Blood samples were collected at 0, 12 and 26 weeks. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies, a high‐calorie high‐fat meal challenge test, continuous glucose monitoring, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and MRI were performed before and at the end of treatment.

Results

In all, 37 and 27 patients who received liraglutide and placebo, respectively, completed the study. Glycated haemoglobin fell by 0.41 ± 0.18% (4.5±1.4 mmol/mol) from baseline after liraglutide treatment (P = 0.001), and by 0.29 ± 0.19% (3.1±2.0 mmol/mol) compared to placebo (P = 0.1). There was no increase in hypoglycaemia, while the time spent in normal glycaemia increased (P = 0.015) and time spent in hyperglycaemia decreased (P = 0.019). Body weight fell significantly in the liraglutide group, mostly in the form of fat mass loss (including visceral fat), with no change in lean mass. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) also fell after liraglutide treatment. Liraglutide also caused a significant increase in the expression of adipose tissue triglyceride lipase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase‐1, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)α, PPARδ, uncoupling protein‐2 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in the adipose tissue.

Conclusions

Liraglutide improves glycaemia, reduces adiposity and SBP. Liraglutide also stimulates mechanisms involved with an increase in lipid oxidation and thermogenesis, while conserving lean body mass.
Impact of anatomical variations of the left ventricular outflow tract on stroke volume calculation by Doppler echocardiography in aortic stenosis
Authors: Pu Min , Dong Zhifeng , Zhou Li , Stacey Richard B. , Richardson Karl , Applegate Robert J. , Zhao David
Published: May 2020

Background

Accurate calculation of stroke volume (SV) by Doppler echocardiography is important for the assessment of aortic stenosis (AS), which may be impacted by anatomical variations of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT).

Methods

Patients with AS (n = 64) were studied using computed tomography (CT) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Anatomical variations of LVOT areas were measured at (a) the aortic annulus (Aa); (b) 5 mm (A5); and (c) 10 mm below the annulus (A10) by CT. LVOT diameters were also measured by 2D TTE at these three levels for calculation of LVOT areas. Stroke volumes (SV) were calculated using continuity equation. The impacts of anatomical variations of LVOT on SV calculation were evaluated.

Results

Anatomical LVOT area increased from Aa to A10 (5.0 ± 0.9 cm2 vs 5.8 ± 1.9 cm2, P < .01). Differences between TTE‐calculated LVOT areas and anatomical areas were most significant at A10 due to elongation of mediolateral diameters with variable changes in anteroposterior diameters (5.8 ± 1.9 cm2 vs 3.4 ± 1.1 cm2, P < .001). Although mean calculated SV by TTE was not significant at different LVOT levels (Aa 69 ± 22 mL, vs A5 66 ± 21 mL, vs A10 66 ± 28 ± 22 mL, P > .05), the most significant variations in individuals were at A10 levels (ΔSV: 8.2 ± 6.4 mL, 12 ± 9%).

Conclusion

Variations of LVOT anatomy in individuals with AS significantly impact the SV calculated by Doppler echocardiography. These features should be taken into account for AS diagnosis and a clinical decision‐making for intervention.
Diastolic function assessment by echocardiography: A practical manual for clinical use and future applications
Authors: Henein Michael Y. , Lindqvist Per
Published: May 2020

Diastole is an important component of the cardiac cycle, during which time optimum filling of the ventricle determines physiological stroke volume ejected in the succeeding systole. Many factors contribute to optimum ventricular filling including venous return, left atrial filling from the pulmonary circulation, and emptying into the left ventricle. Left ventricular filling is also impacted by the cavity emptying function and also its synchronous function which may suppress early diastolic filling in severe cases of dyssynchrony. Sub‐optimum LA emptying increases cavity pressure, causes enlarged left atrium, unstable myocardial function, and hence atrial arrhythmia, even atrial fibrillation. Patients with clear signs of raised left atrial pressure are usually symptomatic with exertional breathlessness. Doppler echocardiography is an ideal noninvasive investigation for diagnosing raised left atrial pressure as well as following treatment for heart failure. Spectral Doppler based increased E/A, shortened E‐wave deceleration time, increased E/e’, and prolonged atrial flow reversal in the pulmonary veins are all signs of raised left atrial pressure. Left atrial reduced myocardial strain is another correlate of raised cavity pressure (>15 mm Hg). In patients with inconclusive signs of raised left atrial pressure at rest, exercise/stress echocardiography or simply passive leg lifting should identify those with stiff left ventricular which suffers raised filling pressures with increased venous return.
BUDGET COMMITTEE AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFER: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Kim Hyun‐A , Lee Dongwon , Park Sangwon
Published: May 2020

This paper revisits the claim that members of legislative committees direct more earmark spending to their constituents. In South Korea's legislature, a national law regulating the budget committee provides an unusual source of exogenous variation in membership: members of the committee are rotated each year owing to 1‐year term limits. Using data from 226 local governments, and both within‐district and within‐member variations in membership, we find that districts represented by a budget committee member secure roughly 3% more subsidies than those represented by a nonmember. (JEL D72, D78, H70)
Biotic interactions hold the key to understanding metacommunity organisation
Authors: García‐Girón Jorge , Heino Jani , García‐Criado Francisco , Fernández‐Aláez Camino , Alahuhta Janne
Published: May 2020

Biotic interactions are fundamental drivers governing biodiversity locally, yet their effects on geographical variation in community composition (i.e. incidence‐based) and community structure (i.e. abundance‐based) at regional scales remain controversial. Ecologists have only recently started to integrate different types of biotic interactions into community assembly in a spatial context, a theme that merits further empirical quantification. Here, we applied partial correlation networks to infer the strength of spatial dependencies between pairs of organismal groups and mapped the imprints of biotic interactions on the assembly of pond metacommunities. To do this, we used a comprehensive empirical dataset from Mediterranean landscapes and adopted the perspective that community assembly is best represented as a network of interacting organismal groups. Our results revealed that the co‐variation among the beta diversities of multiple organismal groups is primarily driven by biotic interactions and, to a lesser extent, by the abiotic environment. These results suggest that ignoring biotic interactions may undermine our understanding of assembly mechanisms in spatially extensive areas and decrease the accuracy and performance of predictive models. We further found strong spatial dependencies in our analyses which can be interpreted as functional relationships among several pairs of organismal groups (e.g. macrophytes–macroinvertebrates, fish–zooplankton). Perhaps more importantly, our results support the notion that biotic interactions make crucial contributions to the species sorting paradigm of metacommunity theory and raise the question of whether these biologically‐driven signals have been equally underappreciated in other aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Although more research is still required to empirically capture the importance of biotic interactions across ecosystems and at different spatial resolutions and extents, our findings may allow decision makers to better foresee the main consequences of human‐driven impacts on inland waters, particularly those associated with the addition or removal of key species.
Between legal requirements and local traditions in school improvement reform in Austria: School leaders as gap managers
Authors: Knapp Mariella
Published: May 2020

The implementation of a new school type has changed the context of school leadership in Austrian lower secondary schools. An interview study with 25 secondary‐school leaders was undertaken. The goal of the study was to inquire how school leaders conceptualise their role in the local policy adaptation of a centrally driven reform. The results indicate that school leaders saw themselves as double agents in facing increasing demands from within and without schools for legitimating their work. Neo‐institutionalist theory is used for explaining the role of school leaders as gap managers. The concept of gap management is deployed for describing the role of school leaders as balancing multiple and contradictory interests at school and among local actors such as teachers, parents, students, and community partners.
Co‐occurrence is not evidence of ecological interactions
Authors: Blanchet F. Guillaume , Cazelles Kevin , Gravel Dominique
Published: May 2020

There is a rich amount of information in co‐occurrence (presence–absence) data that could be used to understand community assembly. This proposition first envisioned by Forbes (1907) and then Diamond (1975) prompted the development of numerous modelling approaches (e.g. null model analysis, co‐occurrence networks and, more recently, joint species distribution models). Both theory and experimental evidence support the idea that ecological interactions may affect co‐occurrence, but it remains unclear to what extent the signal of interaction can be captured in observational data. It is now time to step back from the statistical developments and critically assess whether co‐occurrence data are really a proxy for ecological interactions. In this paper, we present a series of arguments based on probability, sampling, food web and coexistence theories supporting that significant spatial associations between species (or lack thereof) is a poor proxy for ecological interactions. We discuss appropriate interpretations of co‐occurrence, along with potential avenues to extract as much information as possible from such data.
Practice recommendations for neurovascular ultrasound investigations of acute stroke patients in the setting of the COVID‐19 pandemic: an expert consensus from the European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamics
Authors: Baracchini C. , Pieroni A. , Kneihsl M. , Azevedo E. , Diomedi M. , Pascazio L. , Wojczal J. , Lucas C. , Bartels E. , Bornstein NM. , Csiba L. , Valdueza J. , Tsivgoulis G. , Malojcic B.
Published: May 2020

Background and purpose

Patients with acute ischemic stroke are at high‐risk for contracting COVID‐19 infection. Additionally, healthcare professionals including neurovascular ultrasound providers are also at risk of being infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Yet, preparedness to continue to guarantee hyperacute treatment is vital for patients outcome. In light of this situation, the European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamic (ESNCH) appointed a task force to provide consensus recommendations for the performance of neurovascular ultrasound investigations in acute ischemic stroke during the COVID‐19 pandemic with the aim of protecting both patients and ultrasound providers.

Methods

The “ultrasound in acute stroke working group” of the ESNCH examined literature articles and reviews using the following key words: “corona virus” or “COVID‐19” or “SARS‐CoV‐2 virus”, and “acute stroke” or “cerebrovascular disease”, and “ultrasound”. Thereafter, a thorough discussion was conducted with the “education and guidelines working group” of the ESNCH.

Results

We propose rapid up‐to‐date recommendations for healthcare personnel involved in the pre‐hospital and intra‐hospital assessment of stroke patients, with a particular attention to neurovascular ultrasound performance.

Conclusion

The ESNCH provides a guidance summary for the performance of neurovascular ultrasound investigations in acute ischemic stroke in the time of COVID‐19.
Comparison of brain atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with first‐ versus second‐generation disease modifying therapy without clinical relapse
Authors: Masuda H. , Mori M. , Hirano S. , Uzawa A. , Uchida T. , Ohtani R. , Aoki R. , Kuwabara S.
Published: May 2020

Background and purpose

The silent progression of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between brain atrophy rates and disease‐modifying drugs (DMDs) in patients with MS during their relapse‐free period.

Methods

Patients with relapsing‐remitting MS were classified into two groups on the basis of clinical records, i.e. a first‐generation DMD group treated with interferon‐beta‐1a, interferon‐beta‐1b or glatiramer acetate and a second‐generation DMD group treated with dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod or natalizumab. Brain volume was calculated with SPM12.

Results

A total of 45 patients with relapsing‐remitting MS were enrolled in the first‐generation (n = 22) or second‐generation (n = 23) DMD group. The annualized relapse rate was lower in the first‐generation than in the second‐generation DMD group (median 0.26 vs. 0.59; P < 0.001). The annualized atrophy rate of the normalized brain volume was not different between the first‐ and second‐generation DMD groups after analysis of covariance (median 0.13% vs. 0.59%; P = 0.17).

Conclusions

The median annualized atrophy rate of normalized brain volume in the first‐generation DMD group was similar to the previously reported annual brain atrophy rate of healthy controls, which may suggest that treatment with a first‐generation DMD need not be changed when patients with MS are clinically inactive.
Effects of fruit‐baited trap height on flower and leaf chafer scarab beetles sampling in Amazon rainforest
Authors: Puker Anderson , Correa César M. A. , Silva Adriano S. , Silva João V. O. , Korasaki Vanesca , Grossi Paschoal C.
Published: May 2020

There is no standardization of ideal trap installation height for an accurate sampling of flower and leaf chafer scarab beetles in the rainforest canopy. This limits the comparison among different studies on the ecology as well as systematic collecting of this beetle group. Here, we sampled flower and leaf chafer beetles using fruit‐baited traps installed at different heights (1.5, 4.5, 7.5 and 10.5 m) in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest with the following proposals: (i) we tested whether there are effects of trap installation height on the abundance, species richness and biomass of these beetles; and (ii) we tested whether there is a difference in the species composition between each trap height. From January to April 2017, we sampled flower and leaf chafer beetles by using traps baited with a banana and sugarcane juice mixture in Amazon rainforest fragments in Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. The abundance, species richness and biomass of flower chafer beetles (Cetoniinae) were higher in traps installed at 10.5 m. For leaf chafer beetles (Rutelinae), we found the higher species richness and abundance at 4.5, 7.5 and 10.5 m, but the biomass of these insects did not differ among the different heights. Only the community composition of flower chafer beetles differed among the different trap installation heights. Our results showed that flower chafer beetles demonstrate a preference for foraging for resources at greater heights in the Amazon rainforest. Thus, to collect cetoniines from tropical forests, the recommended manner is to install the traps in the forest canopy.
Objective and results‐based management of universities: Constructing reality or illusions?
Authors: Kure Nikolaj , Nørreklit Hanne , Røge Kristian M.
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the conceptual qualities of the framework of ‘objective and results‐based management’ implemented by Danish governmental institutions for the effective performance management of Danish university institutions. Drawing on pragmatic constructivism, we make a conceptual inquiry into whether this framework contains conceptual qualities that may form the basis for effective performance management of universities. The analysis reveals that the conceptual structure of the model features numerous poorly outlined concepts and mismatches, which gives rise to a language game of pseudo‐realism that is liable to produce illusory control practices. We show that poorly developed performance measurement concepts create an environment wherein top managers are not made accountable for results, thus generating a culture of delusions and arbitrary power. We also find a circumvention of the principal–agent model. The assumption of Danish governmental institutions seems to be that management has access to more information about alternative courses of action and their consequences than university scholars. The study adds to the methodological apparatus to conceptualise, understand, and analyse the effectiveness of organisational practices of performance measurement in public sector activities.
A Hitchhiker's Guide to caring for an older person before and during coronavirus‐19
Authors: Baxter Lynne F.
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus‐19 (COVID‐19) has reconfigured working lives with astonishing velocity. Older people have suffered the worst effects of the pandemic, with governments marginalizing or overlooking their needs. Women perform the majority of care for older people, often compromising their working lives and health. Yet in academic articles their voices are often filtered or aggregated in quantitative studies. Based on a weave of personal experiences and secondary research, the article traces a path through UK forms of care and shows how the inadequate response to COVID‐19 stemmed from existing policies embedded in health and social care. COVID‐19 has severed important informal care work, rendering the vulnerable yet more exposed and carers anxious and bereft. Longitudinal research capturing the trajectory of care from the perspective of older people and their carers would lead to improved support hence gender equality.
Effective synthesis of green nano‐sized ceramic pigments by co‐doping Zn2+, Cr3+ and Sm3+ into the cobalt‐aluminate
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , Zhao Yingxian , Wang Zhifeng , Shang Longan
Published: May 2020

A green nano‐sized ceramic pigment Co0.6Zn0.4Al0.8Cr1.2‐xSmxO4 has been successfully prepared by doping ions Zn2+, Cr3+, and Sm3+ into the crystalline CoAl2O4 spinel and using the complex‐gel method along with agar as complexing and combustion agent. The Infrared Spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Thermo‐gravimeter, High resolution transmission electron microscopy, Automatic color reader, and UV Vis diffuse reflectance were applied to characterize the pigment power and its gel precursor. The results reveal that the introduction of Zn2+, Cr3+, and Sm3+ could change the occupation status of ions in the tetrahedral and octahedral framework of CoAl2O4 spinel, leading to the colorant variation of the blue cobalt pigment CoAl2O4, With increasing the content of Sm3+ ion, the reflection peak position of the pigments in visible spectrum appeared a red‐shift, ie the color transition from blue green to yellow green, and the average reflectivity in the violet region decreased to 13.31%, and the band gap energy also changed from 3.47 to 3.20 eV. This illustrates the better UV absorption of this green pigment and can be used as UV shielding material. With the hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution treatment, this pigment was found to be durable in chemical stability.
Timing and distribution of early renal cell carcinoma recurrences stratified by pathological nodal status in M0 patients at the time of nephrectomy
Authors: Yang David Y , Potretzke Theodora A , Miest Tanner S , Bhindi Bimal , Lohse Christine M , Cheville John C , King Bernard F , Boorjian Stephen A , Leibovich Bradley C , Thompson R Houston , Potretzke Aaron M
Published: May 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the timing and distribution of first renal cell carcinoma metastasis after nephrectomy stratified by nodal status.

Methods

We evaluated patients treated with nephrectomy for sporadic, unilateral renal cell carcinoma between 1970 and 2011 who subsequently developed distant metastasis to three or fewer sites. Site‐specific metastases‐free 2‐year survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Associations of nodal status with time to metastasis were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression models.

Results

A total of 1049 patients met the inclusion criteria (135 pN1, 914 pN0/x patients). The median time to identification of first distant metastasis for pN1 patients was 0.4 years (interquartile range 0.2–1.1 years) versus 2.2 years (interquartile range 0.6–6.0 years) in pN0/x patients. The most common site of metastasis was to the lung, but this occurred earlier in pN1 patients (median 0.3 years vs 2.0 years). pN1 was associated with significantly lower site‐specific 2‐year metastases‐free survival when compared with pN0/x for lung (37% vs 70%, P < 0.001), bone (63% vs 87%, P < 0.001), non‐regional lymph nodes (60% vs 96%, P < 0.001) and liver metastases (79% vs 91%, P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, pN1 status remained significantly associated with lung, bone, and non‐regional lymph node (all P < 0.001) metastases, but it was no longer associated with liver metastases (P = 0.3).

Conclusions

pN1 nodal status in M0 patients treated with nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma is associated with more frequent early metastasis to sites conferring poor prognosis when compared with pN0/x. Our findings highlight the importance of rigorous, early surveillance though the multimodal use of a comprehensive history, physical, laboratory and radiological studies, as outlined in societal guidelines.
First dental visit of children—A mixed‐method approach
Authors: Viswanath Sudhandra , Asokan Sharath , Pollachi‐Ramakrishnan GeethaPriya
Published: May 2020

Background

First dental visit (FDV), the essence of preventive paediatric dentistry, has a significant impact on the child's oral health. Mixed‐method research provides meaningful insight into the multiple facets of FDV.

Aim

To evaluate the average age and most common reason for FDV of children in Namakkal district and to explore the individual perceptions of parent's view on their child's FDV.

Method

Sequential mixed‐method approach was employed. A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey on FDV was conducted among 4543 parents of children <6 years. The second phase included a semi‐structured face‐to‐face qualitative interview for 10 parents.

Results

Out of 4543 children, only 31.0% had FDV. Majority of children (49.0%) had FDV after 5 years of age. Dental caries was the most common reason for FDV (75.0%). Three themes were derived from the interviews, namely FDV experiences, barriers to child dental care, and solutions for an early dental visit.

Conclusion

Children in Namakkal district had delayed FDV (>5 years). The most common reason for FDV was dental caries. Lack of knowledge, lack of interdisciplinary practices, and social and financial barriers seem to have influenced the FDV of lack of knowledge these children.
Kaempferol blocks neutrophil extracellular traps formation and reduces tumour metastasis by inhibiting ROS‐PAD4 pathway
Authors: Zeng Jie , Xu Han , Fan Pei‐zhi , Xie Jing , He Jie , Yu Jie , Gu Xianwen , Zhang Chao‐jie
Published: May 2020

Kaempferol (kaem) is a dietary flavonoid found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. The inhibitory effects of kaem on primary tumour growth have been extensively investigated; however, its effects on tumour metastasis are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that kaem significantly suppresses both primary tumour growth and lung metastasis in mouse breast tumour model. Furthermore, decreased expression of citrullinated histone H3 (H3‐cit), a biomarker of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), had been founded in metastatic lung upon treated with kaem. The reduction of H3‐cit is not, however, due to the cytotoxicity of kaem on neutrophils since the frequency of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils did not change in lung, tumour or blood in the presence of kaem. We then confirm the anti‐NETs effects of kaem in vitro by co‐culturing mouse neutrophils and kaem. Supplementing the neutrophils with GSK484, a potent NET inhibitor, totally abrogated the inhibitory effects of kaem on tumour metastasis while having little or no impact on primary tumour growth, indicating the specificity of kaem acting on NET formation and tumour metastasis. We also found that kaem suppressed ROS production in mouse bone‐marrow derived neutrophils. Supplementing with the ROS scavenger DPI abrogated kaem's effects on NET formation, suggesting the involvement of kaempferol in NADPH/ROS‐NETs signalling. Finally, we applied the kaem on NET‐deficient PAD4‐/‐ mice and found decreased primary tumour volume and weight but similar lung metastatic tumour with kaempferol treatment. Therefore, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of kaem in breast cancer development by targeting NETs induced tumour metastasis.
Disparate effects of adalimumab and fumaric acid esters on cardiovascular risk factors in psoriasis patients: results from a prospective, randomized, observer‐blinded head‐to‐head trial
Authors: Holzer G. , Hoke M. , Sabeti‐Sandor S. , Perkmann T. , Rauscher A. , Strassegger B. , Radakovic S. , Tanew A.
Published: May 2020

Background

The effect of adalimumab and fumaric acid esters (FAE) on the cardiovascular risk associated with psoriasis has only been investigated scarcely in randomized controlled studies.

Objective

The aim of this prospective, randomized controlled head‐to‐head trial was to compare the influence of adalimumab and FAE on cardiovascular disease markers in psoriasis patients.

Methods

Sixty‐five patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were randomly assigned to adalimumab or FAE treatment for 6 months. Cardiovascular haemodynamic parameters [flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), nitro‐glycerine mediated dilation (NMD) and carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), blood pressure] were assessed at baseline (v0) and after 6 months (v6). Cutaneous disease severity, inflammatory and lipid cardiovascular risk markers were analysed at baseline(v0), after 3 (v3) and 6 months (v6).

Results

After 6 months of treatment FMD in the adalimumab group increased significantly [v0 5.9% (6.4% SD), v6 8.0% (4.8% SD), P = 0.048) but not in the FAE group. (v0 7.0% (4.1% SD), v6 8.4% (6.1% SD), P = 0.753]. This was paralleled by a significant decrease of high sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) in the adalimumab group in comparison to the FAE group (v0: 0.39 mg/dL (0.38 SD), v6: 0.39 mg/dL (0.48 SD), P = 0.043). No significant changes were observed in any other haemodynamic parameters. FAE, however, additionally decreased total cholesterol (P = 0.046) and apolipoprotein B (P = 0.041) levels compared to adalimumab. Mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (psoriasis area severity score) reduction was greater but not significant (P = 0.116) under adalimumab treatment compared to FAE treatment [−71.1% (29.9 SD) vs. −54.6% (45.7%)].

Conclusion

In our study, both treatments were documented to exert effects on the cardiovascular system. While adalimumab showed anti‐inflammatory effects and improved FMD, FAE interacted favourably with the cholesterol metabolism.
Active implications for dermatologists in ‘SARS‐CoV‐2 ERA’: Personal experience and review of literature
Authors: Campanati A. , Brisigotti V. , Diotallevi F. , D’Agostino G.M. , Paolinelli M. , Radi G. , Rizzetto G. , Sapigni C. , Tagliati C. , Offidani A.
Published: May 2020

Linked articles: COVID‐19 SPECIAL FORUM. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: e346–e380.
Death feigning as an adaptive anti‐predator behaviour: Further evidence for its evolution from artificial selection and natural populations
Authors: Konishi Kana , Matsumura Kentarou , Sakuno Wataru , Miyatake Takahisa
Published: May 2020

Death feigning is considered to be an adaptive antipredator behaviour. Previous studies on Tribolium castaneum have shown that prey which death feign have a fitness advantage over those that do not when using a jumping spider as the predator. Whether these effects are repeatable across species or whether they can be seen in nature is, however, unknown. Therefore, the present study involved two experiments: (a) divergent artificial selection for the duration of death feigning using a related species T. freemani as prey and a predatory bug as predator, demonstrating that previous results are repeatable across both prey and predator species, and (b) comparison of the death‐feigning duration of T. castaneum populations collected from field sites with and without predatory bugs. In the first experiment, T. freemani adults from established selection regimes with longer durations of death feigning had higher survival rates and longer latency to being preyed on when they were placed with predatory bugs than the adults from regimes selected for shorter durations of death feigning. As a result, the adaptive significance of death‐feigning behaviour was demonstrated in another prey–predator system. In the second experiment, wild T. castaneum beetles from populations with predators feigned death longer than wild beetles from predator‐free populations. Combining the results from these two experiments with those from previous studies provided strong evidence that predators drive the evolution of longer death feigning.
Polyethylene glycol versus split high‐dose senna for bowel preparation: A comparative prospective randomized study
Authors: Coskun Yusuf , Yuksel Ilhami
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the quality and tolerability of bowel preparation using split high‐doses of sennosides versus split‐dose polyethylene glycol (PEG).

Methods

In this prospective, randomized, and endoscopist‐blinded study, 474 outpatients were included and randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 was comprised of 237 patients receiving split high‐dose (1000 mg) sennoside solutions, and group 2 included 237 patients receiving 4 L of PEG. The efficacy of the preparations was evaluated on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS), and compliance and adverse effects were recorded.

Results

The quality of colon cleansing and the ease of bowel preparation were significantly better in the senna group; the mean of total BBPS scores was 7.35 in the senna group and 6.57 in the PEG group, cleansing was adequate (BBPS score ≥ 6) in 89.9% of patients taking senna, and 73.8% in the PEG group (P = 0.001). The rates of vomiting in the senna and PEG groups were 12.7% and 29.5%, nausea rates were 28.7% and 43.9%, and abdominal pain rates were 70.9% and 43%, respectively (P < 0.001). Cecal intubation rates in the senna and PEG groups were 95.4% and 86.1% (P = 0.001), and the cecal intubation times were 6.73 ± 2.84 and 5.34 ± 5.98 min, respectively (P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Split high‐dose senna is more effective than split‐dose PEG in terms of bowel preparation quality and patient compliance. The patients who received senna had significantly less vomiting and nausea but significantly more abdominal pain. Thus, senna may be used as an alternative to PEG for bowel preparation.
Inhibition of gastric cancer cell apoptosis by long noncoding RNA TRPM2‐AS via mitogen‐activated protein kinase and activators of transduction‐3
Authors: Zhang Xianqin , Jiang Yuyou , Xie Yan , Leng Xue , He Min , Song Fangzhou
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim

Long noncoding RNA TRPM2‐AS has emerged as a novel regulator in cancer initiation and progression of various cancers. However, the function and underlying mechanism of TRPM2‐AS in the progression of gastric cancer (GC) remain poorly understood.

Methods

GEO and TCGA databases were used for isolation of differential lncRNA expression. TRPM2‐AS expression levels in GC tissues and cells were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. TRPM2‐AS subcellular location was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. The functional roles of TRPM2‐AS in cells were analyzed by loss and gain function assays.

Results

By using bioinformatics and quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods, TRPM2‐AS expression levels were proved to be upregulated in GSE70880 dataset, TCGA database, and 26 GC tissues, which was partly induced by SP1. The results of clinical assays showed that TRPM2‐AS could be an indicator for early‐stage GC diagnosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that TRPM2‐AS was located in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Functional experiments displayed that knockdown of TRPM2‐AS inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion in GC cells. Furthermore, depression of TRPM2‐AS suppressed cell growth though promotion of cell apoptosis. The expression levels of cleaved PARP, caspase 9, caspase 3, and Bax were significantly increased in BGC823 with TRPM2‐AS knockdown. In addition, knockdown of TRPM2‐AS reduced and phosphorylate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and increased and phosphorylate p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that SP1‐regulated TRPM2‐AS is involved in GC cell apoptosis probably via p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways, indicating that TRPM2‐AS might be a potential therapeutic target in GC.