bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of temperature and its impact on grain production in Northeast China in recent 50 years
Authors: Yan Weiping , Zhao Hongxiang , Zhang Lihua , Xu Chen , Tan Guobo , Sun Ning , Li Fei , Meng Xiangmeng , Gu Yan , Bian Shaofeng
Published: December 2021

Climate warming has a great impact on grain production in northeast China, but there are few studies on the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of annual Tmean (mean temperature), the impact of meteorological factors on Tmean, and the impact of Tmean increase on grain production in northeast China. This study found that annual Tmean decreased from southeast to northwest in Northeast China, and there were regional differences in spatial distribution. The annual Tmean isoline in Northeast China moves obviously from southeast to northwest. The annual warming trend of Tmean was significant from 1971 to 2000, and moderated from 2001 to 2020. In recent 50 years, Tmean had obvious periodic changes. In the mid-late 1980s, annual Tmean had a sudden warming change, and since then it has been rising continuously. Sunshine hours, average wind speed, evaporation and average air pressure had a very significant correlation with Tmean. In conclusion, the climate change in northeast China in the past 50 years has an obvious warming and drying trend, and there are regional differences in the warming and drying. The warming and drying climate has brought challenges to agricultural production and food security in Northeast China. However, the negative effects of grain production reduction caused by warming and drying climate can be avoided to a certain extent if we deal with it properly.
UV-Curing of Novel Tri-functional Melamine-phosphate Oligomer: An Effect of Coating With Polyurethane Acrylate Towards Mechanical, Thermal And Flame Retardant Properties
Authors: Mali Pundalik , Sonawane Narendra , Pawar Nilesh , Patil Vikas
Published: December 2021

A novel melamine-phosphate trifunctional acrylate MPTO) was successfully synthesized via simple cyclization of hexamethylolmelamine (HMM) with phosphorous oxychloride (POCl3) followed by addition reaction of hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA). The molecular structure of MPTO was identified by FTIR and 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and GC-MS spectra. The synthesized MPTO oligomer was impregnated with polyurethane acrylate to make the various formulation of UV-cured coatings. The polyurethanes-MPTO oligomers were coated on wood and galvanized steel panels. The properties of UV-cured PU-MPTO were studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), while their crystallinity by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) exhibited a high char yield of 18.4% at 800 °C. Moreover, coating films show prominent flame retardancy with UL-94 V-0 rating and maximum limiting index value (LOI) values of 34.8%, which are much higher than the common polyurethane coatings. The polyurethane coatings cured with MPTO exhibited excellent mechanical properties were estimated various tests such as adhesion, pencil hardness, solvent resistance, flexibility, and corrosion test. The coating performance revealed that MPTO improves the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties because their unique structure contains melamine-phosphate moiety and long aliphatic chains of an acrylate ester. These high-performance melamine-based UV-curable coatings are promising for extensive applications.
Solar Energy as Renewable Energy for the Degradation of Pollutants using High Active Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 Ternary Nanocomposite Photocatalyst
Authors: Saber Nesrine Ben
Published: December 2021

In this work, ternary Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite were synthesized via solvothermal chemical reduction method using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and reducing agent. The chemical procedure involves the use of only metals precursors without the need to use any other surfactants or capping agents. Physicochemical properties of the designed photocatalyst are found by means of various modern techniques. XRD data confirmed the high crystallinity of the obtained ternary nanocomposite. On the other hand, using TEM and HRTEM instruments, the shape and morphology of the Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite were found to be spherical with an average particle size of 150 nm. The UV-Vis measurement shows that Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 as photocatalyst exhibited good photo response in the visible region. The effect of preparation method and the performance of the designed photocatalyst were evaluated by photodegradation measurements of MB under visible light irradiation. We observed that the combination of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and hematite iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) with titanium dioxide (TiO2) enhance the photocatalytic activity of the ternary Ag@TiO2/α-Fe2O3 photocatalyst compared to bare TiO2 suggesting its potential for many purification applications.
Vaccination as an Alternative to Non-Drug Interventions to Prevent Local Resurgence of COVID-19
Authors: Pan Jinhua , Zhu Wenlong , Tian Jie , Liu Zhixi , Xu Ao , Yao Ye , Wang Wei-bing
Published: December 2021

Background
While a COVID-19 vaccine protects people from serious illness and death, it remains concern when and how to relax from the high cost strict non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs).
Methods
We developed a stochastic calculus model to identify the level of vaccine coverage that would allow safe relaxation of NPIs, and the vaccination strategies that can best achieve this level of coverage. We applied Monto Carlo simulations more than 10,000 times to remove random fluctuation effects and obtain fitted/predicted epidemic curve based on various parameters with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) at each time point.
Results
We found that a vaccination coverage of 50.42% was needed for the safe relaxation of NPIs, if the vaccine effectiveness was 79.34%. However, with the increasing of variants transmissibility and the decline of vaccine effectiveness for variants, the threshold for lifting NPIs would be higher. We estimated that more than 8 months were needed to achieve the vaccine coverage threshold in the combination of accelerated vaccination strategy and key groups firstly strategy.
Conclusion
If there are sufficient doses of vaccine then an accelerated vaccination strategy should be used, and if vaccine supply is insufficient then high-risk groups should be targeted for vaccination first. Sensitivity analyses results shown that the higher the transmission rate of the virus and the lower annual vaccine supply, the more difficult the epidemic could be under control. In conclusion, as vaccine coverage improves, the NPIs can be gradually relaxed. Until that threshold is reached, however, strict NPIs are still needed to contain the epidemic. The more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variant lead to higher resurgence probability, which indicates the importance of accelerated vaccination and achieving the vaccine coverage earlier.
Trial registration
We did not involve clinical trial.
Prediction of Software Defect Using Ensemble Learning Based Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm To Optimize Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Tang Yu , Dai Qi , Yang Mengyuan , Chen Lifang
Published: December 2021

For the traditional ensemble learning algorithm of software defect prediction, the base predictor exists the problem that too many parameters are difficult to optimize, resulting in the optimized performance of the model unable to be obtained. An ensemble learning algorithm for software defect prediction that is proposed by using the improved sparrow search algorithm to optimize the extreme learning machine, which divided into three parts. Firstly, the improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) is proposed to improve the optimization ability and convergence speed, and the performance of the improved sparrow search algorithm is tested by using eight benchmark test functions. Secondly, ISSA is used to optimize extreme learning machine (ISSA-ELM) to improve the prediction ability. Finally, the optimized ensemble learning algorithm (ISSA-ELM-Bagging) is presented in the Bagging algorithm which improve the prediction performance of ELM in software defect datasets. Experiments are carried out in six groups of software defect datasets. The experimental results show that ISSA-ELM-Bagging ensemble learning algorithm is significantly better than the other four comparison algorithms under the six evaluation indexes of Precision, Recall, F-measure, MCC, Accuracy and G-mean, which has better stability and generalization ability.
Contactless Medical Equipment AI Big Data Risk Control and Quasi Thinking Iterative Planning
Authors: rongrong zhu
Published: December 2021

Contactless medical equipment AI big data risk control and quasi thinking iterative planning，The tanh equilibrium state of heavy core clustering based on hierarchical fuzzy clustering system based on differential incremental equilibrium theory is adopted. Successfully control the parameter group of CT / MR machine internal data, big data AI mathematical model risk. The polar graph of high-dimensional heavy core clustering processing data is regular and scientific. Compared with the discrete characteristics of the polar graph of the original data. So as to correctly detect and control the dynamic change process of CT / MR in the whole life cycle. It provides help for the predictive maintenance of early pre inspection and orderly maintenance of the medical system. It also puts forward and designs the big data depth statistics of AI risk control medical equipment, and establishes the standardized model software. Scientifically evaluated the exposure time and heat capacity MHU% of CT tubes, as well as the internal law of MR (nuclear magnetic resonance ), and processed big data twice and three times in heavy nuclear clustering. After optimizing the algorithm, hundreds of thousands of nonlinear random vibrations are carried out in the operation and maintenance database every second, and at least 30 concurrent operations are formed, which greatly improves and shortens the operation time. Finally, after adding micro vibration quasi thinking iterative planning to the uncertain structure of AI operation, we can successfully obtain the scientific and correct results required by high-dimensional information and images. This kind of AI big data risk control improves the intelligent management ability of medical institutions, establishes the software for predictable maintenance of AI big data, which is cross platform and embedded into the web system.
Opening KATP Channels Induces Inflammatory Tolerance and Prevents Chronic Pain
Authors: Qian Cheng , Fan Yixin , Ji Lu-Lu , Wan Li , Jia Rumeng , Qin Xinmiao , Wang Yu , Wu Qi , Miao Chen , Hu Liang , Tao Xue-You , Liu Wen-tao
Published: December 2021

Background: Current treatments for chronic pain are not satisfactory, prompting a frantic search for new therapeutics and new therapeutic targets. Our previous study indicates KATP channel opener has analgesic effect, but the mechanism has not been elucidated. We speculated that KATP channel opener may increase suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 expression to induce inflammatory tolerance and attenuate chronic pain. Methods: The plantar incision (PI) surgery-induced postoperative pain was performed to establish chronic pain model. Growth arrest–specific 6 (Gas6)-/- and Axl-/- mice were used for signaling research. The microglia cell line BV-2 was cultured for in vitro experiments.Results: KATP channel opener significantly attenuated incision-induced mechanical allodynia in mice, associated with the up-regulated expression of SOCS3. Opening KATP channels induced the expression of SOCS3 dependent on Gas6/Axl signaling pathway in microglia. Opening KATP channels inhibits incision-induced mechanical allodynia by activating Gas6/Axl-SOCS3 signaling pathway. Opening KATP channels induces inflammatory tolerance to relieve neuroinflammation and postoperative pain.Conclusions: We demonstrated that KATP channel opening activated Gas6/Axl/SOCS3 signaling to induce inflammatory tolerance and relief chronic pain. We explored a new target for anti-inflammatory and analgesia by regulating the innate immune system, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical preemptive analgesia.
Identification of Pathogenesis and Prognoses of Relapse in Myeloma by Bioinformatic Method
Authors: Zhong Haoshu , Liu Yang , Duan Jialin , Chen Xiaomin , Xiong Hao , Liao Kunyu , Huang Chunlan
Published: December 2021

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most hematological malignancy, the molecular mechanism and pathogenesis of the relapse of MM is poorly understood. This study aimed to identify novel prognostic model for MM and explore potential mechanism of relapse. Methods: Gene expression data,clinical data(GSE24080) and HTseq-Counts files were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and TCGA database. Co-expression modules of genes were built by Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA).KEGG and GO enrichment analysis were performed in each module. TATFs (tumor-associated transcription factors) were retrieved from the Cistrome. Twenty-two immune cell compositions was calculated by CIBERSORT algorithm.Univariate and multivariate Cox congression were performed and a predictive model by prognostic genes was constructed,the predictive power of the model was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier curve and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: A total of 940 DEGs were identified,and in WGCNA analysis, yellow, brown and sky-blue modules were most associated with clinic traits.The yellow module related with the cell cycle and the brown and sky-blue modules correlated with cytokine and its receptors, where the M2 macrophage fraction is positively correlated with CCL18, CCL2, CCL8, CXCL12 and CCl23 were positively correlated with plasma cells by Cibersort analysis.Prognostic genes were identified and two genes (TPX2,PRAM1) were finally identified to construct a risk model for predicting EFS.
Prevalence of Typhoid fever and Helicobacter pylori infection in local population of Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Ishaq Ali Raza
Published: December 2021

BackgroundTyphoid fever and Helicobacter pylori infection increases the secretion of gastric acid that leads to gastric carcinoma. In this research, we have tried to investigate the prevalence of typhoid and H. pylori in Faisalabad, Pakistan.MethodIn the present study, we collected the laboratory reports from different hospital of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (Chicago, IL), version 25 was used for data processing.ResultOur results demonstrated that H. pylori was most frequent in male at the age of 41–50-year-old and typhoid in female having 21-30 age.ConclusionConclusively, mostly female in typhoid and male in H. pylori were infected. People having 21-30 age were greatly infected by typhoid. The patients owing the 41-50 age were more susceptible for H. pylori infections. By comparing the co-infection rate, we found that typhoid is most common in over all age group than H. pylori.
Risk Factors For Readmission Among Patients Receiving Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy; A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Douiyeb Sabrine , Court Jara R. de la , Tuinte Bram , Sombogaard Ferdi , Schade Rogier P. , Kuijvenhoven Marianne , Minderhoud Tanca , Sigaloff Kim C.
Published: December 2021

Background: In the Netherlands, home treatment with intravenous antimicrobial therapy is a relatively new concept. Although several studies have shown that outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) can be administered safely, people receiving antimicrobials at home remain at risk for adverse events, including readmission.Objectives: The aim of our retrospective study is to identify risk factors for readmission in patients discharged with OPAT.Method: Retrospective cohort study during a period of January 2016 - December 2018. Patients, age > 18 years, discharged with OPAT were included. Variables collected consisted of baseline demographics, complications, readmission within 30 days and treatment failure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for readmission.Results: A total of 247 patients were included; the most common reason for OPAT was bone and joint infections (17%). Penicillin (37%), cephalosporin (26%) and vancomycin/aminoglycoside (15%) were the most commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Among the patients receiving medication subject to therapeutic drug monitoring (i.e. aminoglycosides or vancomycin), 51% (19/37) received weekly therapeutic drug monitoring. Receiving aminoglycosides or vancomycin (adjusted OR: 2.05; 95% CI, 1.30-3.25, p<0.05) and infection of prosthetic material (adjusted OR: 2.92, 95% CI, 1.11-7.65, p<0.05) were independent risk factors for readmission. Conclusion: Although patients receiving medication subject to therapeutic drug monitoring are at higher risk of readmission, only half of the patients discharged with aminoglycosides or vancomycin were monitored according to IDSA guidelines. A specialized team in charge of monitoring OPAT-patients is likely to increase the rate of monitoring to prevent readmissions and complications.
Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals the Genetic Architecture for Calcium Accumulation in Grains of Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)
Authors: Shi Xia , Zhou Zhengfu , Li Wenxu , Qin Maomao , Yang Pan , Hou Jinna , Huang Fangfang , Lei Zhensheng , Wu Zhengqing , Wang Jiansheng
Published: December 2021

Background: Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a leading cereal crop worldwide. Understanding the mechanism of calcium (Ca) accumulation in wheat is important to reduce the risk of human micronutrient deficiencies. However, the mechanisms of Ca accumulation in wheat grain are only partly understood. Results: Here, we performed a genome-wide association study to identify the genetic basis of Ca accumulation in wheat grain using an association population consisting of 207 varieties, with phenotypic data from three locations and the combined locations. In total, 18 non-redundant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with Ca concentration were identified that explained, on average, 9.61%–26.93% of the phenotypic variation. Cultivars containing more superior alleles and fewer inferior alleles had increased grain Ca concentrations. Notably, six non-redundant loci were identified in at least two environments, indicating their stability across different environments. Searches of public databases revealed six putative candidate genes linked to Ca accumulation. Among them, two subunits of V-type Proton ATPase (TraesCS4A01G428900 and TraesCS3B01G241000) are encoded by genes associated with stable genetic loci on chromosomes 4A (AX-108912427) and 3B (AX-110922471), respectively, and they are typical generators of a proton gradient that might be involved in Ca homeostasis in wheat grain.Conclusion: This study could increases our understanding of the genetic architecture of grain Ca accumulation in wheat, and we plan to develop the identified superior alleles into molecular markers for wheat Ca biofortification pyramid breeding in the future.
Survey of Overwintering Trait in Chinese Rice Cultivars (Oryza Sativa L)
Authors: Liang Yongshu , Gong Junyi , Yan Yuxin , Wang Baobi , Gong Wenao , Wen Huan , Wu Qian , Nan Wenbin , Qin Xiaojian , Zhang Hanma
Published: December 2021

Overwintering (OW) rice can survive through the natural cold-winter field environment, exhibit a strong root system activity, sprout from rice tillering node in the following spring, and apparently reveal the cold resistance of rice during the whole growth stage. The successful utilization of cold-resistant rice is the most economical strategy for the cold-resistant rice cultivar breeding. This work aims to identify the OW rice for the future development of cold-resistant cultivars. Altogether 1034 Chinese rice cultivars were evaluated for their responses to low temperatures under the natural field cold-winter environment. The heading date (HD, d) and plant height (PH, cm) of 1034 rice cultivars ranged from 65 to 140 d in 2019, 65 to 150 d in 2020, ranged from 60 to 140 cm in 2019, 60 to 150 cm in 2020, and displayed slight difference between 2019 and 2020. Among them, altogether 262 (25.34%) Japonica rice cultivars could withstand cold to 4°C in December 2019 and distributed in 13 provinces of China, survive through the natural cold-winter field environment, and sprout from rice tillering node in March 2020. Only 24 (2.32%) japonica rice cultivars with resistance to 0°C in January 2021 distributed in seven provinces of China could also sprout from rice tillering node in March 2021. The present cold-resistant rice cultivars will provide beneficial breeding germplasm for future cold-resistant rice breeding and new strategies in elucidating the molecular mechanism of the cold resistance of rice.
Evaluation of the effects of pigments produced by environmental bacteria on cancer cells
Authors: Rezaei Aliakbar , bani Nazanin Hashemi , moazamian Elham
Published: December 2021

Cancers are a collection of incapacitating diseases in which cells initiate to divide and spread to adjacent tissues in an uncontrolled manner. Many researches demonstrated the potential of bacterial pigments as promising anticancer agents Therefore, in this study, the cytotoxic effects of bacterial pigments were evaluated in breast and colon cancer cell lines. In this study, a total of 90 samples were collected from air, water, and soil from 28 different geographical areas of Iran. Forty isolates were selected based on differences in colony color and geographic regions. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of pigment on MCF-7 and SW-48 cells. Bacteria whose pigment had the highest cytotoxic effect on cell lines were selected. Accurate identification was performed using PCR, and their relative purity was measured using TLC. Bacteria isolated from any three ecosystems are capable of producing pigments. Pigment-producing bacteria are more abundant in the soil than air and water. Among pigment-producing bacteria, 3 isolates had the highest cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells, and 3 isolates had the greatest effect on SW-48 cells. The results of sequencing of isolates at the BLAST site showed that 6 isolates with cytotoxic effects were identified (Micrococcus xinjiangensis, Dietzia, Arthrobacter agilis, Exigubacterium mexicanum, Bacillus beijingensis). Chromatography shows that these pigmented bacteria have different pigment components.Pigment extraction from bacteria can be used as a complementary therapy or other therapies for breast and colon cancer in the future.
Cumulative Triglyceride-glucose Index Is a Risk for CVD: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cui Haozhe , Liu Qian , Wu Yuntao , Cao Liying
Published: December 2021

Background Previous studies has shown a significant relationship between baseline triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the long-term effect of TyG index and incident CVD remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between cumulative TyG index and the risk of CVD.Method In this study, we recruited individuals participating in Kailuan Study from 2006 to 2013 without stroke, myocardial infarction, and cancer in the four consecutive examinations. Cumulative TyG index was calculated by multiplying the average TyG index and the time between the two consecutive examinations. Cumulative TyG index levels were categorized into four quartile groups: Q1 group, ≤50.65 (as reference group), Q2 group, 50.65-53.86, Q3 group, 53.86-57.44, Q4 group, ＞57.44. The effect of Cumulative TyG index on CVD incidence was estimated by multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models.Result A total of 44,087 individuals participated in the final analysis. After a mean follow-up of 6.52±1.14 years, incident CVD, MI and stroke occurred in 2057, 395 and 1695, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted COX regression model showed the HR (95% CI) of CVD were Q2 1.25(1.08-1.44), Q3 1.22(1.05-1.40) and Q4 1.39(1.21-1.61), compared to Q1 group. Consistent results were obtained in the subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses.Conclusion Cumulative TyG index was associated with increased risk of CVD. Maintaining a healthy level of TyG index within the desirable range and better control of cumulative TyG index is important for prevention of CVD.
Innate Immunity Stimulation During COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenge
Authors: palmieri beniamino , manenti antonio , VADALA' MARIA
Published: December 2021

AIM: We report an open spontaneous anecdotical retrospective survey of Corynebacterium parvum administration to 4000 fragile immune-depressed and multimorbid patients treated with a killed C. parvum strain to enhance the innate immunity integrating the adaptative immune response for a long standing antinfectious resistance. METHODS: 4000 patients (1900 men and 2100 women) with mild, moderate or chronic disease, appealing to our Second Opinion Medical Consultation Network, signed an informed consent and were injected subcutaneously with C.parvum. The treatment was followed up at 6 months after therapy, filling the short form of the medical outcome health survey questionnaire (SF-36), directly by the patients or its parents and monitoring the health regularly via telemedicine (Skype, WhatsApp, mail, etc) or physician’s visit.RESULTS: The main efficacy endpoints, as assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire, are significant improvements in the mental and physical role functioning score (p< 0.02), in general health, in social role functioning (p < 0.02), vitality (p < 0.03), and a significant reduction in bodily pain (p< 0.03). There was a quick (48-72 hours) symptoms improvement and/or complete regression of the herpetic eruptions observed in 1000 affected patients and of herpetic neuralgia (reduced in 80% of cases), also full recovery or frequency reduction (30%) of recurrent cystitis and prostatitis in 120 affected patients, and last, but not least, a life quality improvement in 100 oncologic patients of overall 200 cases. A significant increase in the lymphocyte count (p<0.01), mainly Helper and Killer lymphocytes, was noted after 6 months by Parvulan injection vs. the baseline.The asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 patients, incidentally, enrolled in our survey, were tested at sixth months for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and 14 patients occurred high level of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The incubating Covid infections in the Parvulan injected patients even if rail and multi-morbid recovered in a short term (48-96 hours) and with benign clinical course, usually no need of further drugs administration except for the variants, which lasted on average one week and required some antipyretics, and low dose steroid for a few days.CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that C.parvum is quite safe and effective to support immune-compromised patients when epidemic or pandemic events rise the life risk and any kind of infections and complications rate.Further double-blind placebo evidence-based studies are urgently required, and our numerically substantial not sponsored spontaneous observation aims exclusively to promote further evidence based double blind institutional studies.
Field Experiments of Different Fracturing Designs in Tight Conglomerate Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Daiyan , Ma Shiying , Zhang Jing , Zhu Yue , Wang Bin , Zhu Jian , Fan Xibin , Liang Tianbo
Published: December 2021

Mahu oilfield is currently the largest tight conglomerate reservoir in the world, where Ma-131 and Ma-18 plays are the first two commercially developed reservoirs. In order to reduce the cost and explore the best fracturing parameters, field experiments have been conducted in these two plays since 2017. The types of proppant and fracturing fluid, the slickwater ratio, and the fracture spacing are mainly changed for comparison, and fracturing effects are evaluated to establish a reference for developing the neighboring plays in Mahu oilfield. This paper summarizes the fracturing parameters and production histories of 74 wells in Ma-131 and Ma-18 plays during four years of field operations. Firstly, results indicate that silica sands perform similar to ceramics in the Ma-131 play where the reservoir depth is smaller than 3300 m; however, in the Ma-18 play where the reservoir is deeper than 3500m, increasing the sand volume by 1.1 times still cannot reach the production in wells using ceramics. Secondly, when the fracture spacing is reduced, both oil production and water flowback become even smaller in wells using sands than those using ceramics; this is due to the increase of closure pressure and decrease of fluid volume per cluster respectively. Thirdly, when the crosslinked guar is replaced by the slickwater, no obvious change in oil production is noticed even though the volume of fracturing fluid is almost doubled; limited lengths of propped fractures due to the poor proppant-carrying ability of slickwater likely offset the production enhancement from the decrease of formation damage by slickwater. This paper summarizes learnings from the field experiments during four years of development in Mahu oilfield, and help guide the optimization of hydraulic fracturing parameters for future wells.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of soil erosion in a typical karst basin in southwest China and its response to the landscape pattern of rock desertification
Authors: Gao Jiayong , Li Rui , He Maolin , Yang Pingping , Jing Jun
Published: December 2021

Soil erosion is a process of migration and redistribution of soil substances in the landscape, which is regulated by topography, vegetation, human activities and their spatial pattern. At the watershed scale, changes in landscape pattern are important factors in determining the degree of soil erosion. Taking Dabang River Basin as the study area, based on the three phases of land use data, remote sensing image data and daily rainfall data from eight stations in the basin in 2010, 2015 and 2020, the rocky desertification factor (D) was introduced into the general soil loss equation RUSLE to calculate the soil erosion in Karst and non-Karst Areas in 2010, 2015 and 2020 respectively. The relationship between landscape pattern and soil erosion was analyzed from two aspects: type level index and landscape level index. The results showed that: 1) From 2010 to 2020, the average soil erosion modulus in The Dabang River Basin decreased first and then increased. The average soil erosion modulus in the non-karst region was about twice that in the karst region, and the average soil erosion modulus in the karst region decreased first and then increased. The mean soil erosion modulus in the non-karst area showed an increasing trend; 2) Under different slope grades, the erosion was mainly slight and mild, and the area of slight erosion was the largest, and the area of very strong and severe erosion increased as the slope increased. the area of strong, very strong and severe erosion increased in the slope zone below 15°, the area of light and moderate erosion decreased, and the area of slight, strong and very strong erosion increased in the slope zone from 15 to 25°, and the area of slight erosion increased in the slope zone above 25° area increased and light, moderate and strong erosion area decreased in the slope zone above 25°; 3) The landscape pattern of the Dadang River Basin changed significantly from 2010 to 2020. At the landscape level, the number of patches increased and the average patch area decreased. At the type level, the area of paddy field, woodland and shrubland decreases and the area of dry land, grassland, construction land and water body increased, and the dominant land type in the watershed changed from woodland to grassland; 4) The amount of soil erosion was positively correlated with patch type area, landscape percentage, maximum patch index and aggregation index, and positively correlated with edge density; 5) There was a linear relationship between soil erosion and Shannon diversity index (SHDI) and Shannon mean index (SHEI) at landscape level. The results can provide reference for land use planning and soil and water conservation measures.
Health Care System Decentralization Via Uberization, Concepts and Expected Efficiency Outcomes
Authors: Muradyan Armen , Aganyan Hakop , Manukyan Suren , Pilossyan Vagarshak , Kiraj Leon K. , Aganyan Inga , Aganyan Silvia , Avetisian Robert , Hovakimyan Ruben , Hakobyan Gagik
Published: December 2021

Background:According to statistical studies, about 3.6 million Americans miss medical appointments each year because of difficulties with transportation to a healthcare facility, and the impact of missed primary care appointments is estimated at billions of dollars annually. The access of the patient to necessary services is restricted and the role and functions of a medical doctor as responsible key decision maker is significantly diminished. Key responsibilities are still on the shoulders of the medical doctor, but decision-making power is shifted to middleman administrative bodies. This split between the responsibilities and decision-making bodies is destructive for the service of medicine. The aim of this study is to create a new management model in the health care system.Methods: To develop a new model of management in the health care system, we conducted a blind survey among 1,700 patients. To optimize the health care system, a decentralization health careservice method is proposed via uberization.Results: The method may continue with providing the request to a responding healthcare provider and receiving a response from the responding healthcare provider. The method may continue with establishing a bidirectional communication between the patient and the responding healthcare provider in real-time and receiving a plan of actions to treat the patient from the responding healthcare provider. The method may continue with receiving, from the diagnostic and laboratory service, the real-time vital parameters of the patient and making the real-time vital parameters available to the patient and the responding healthcare provider in an electronic medical record database.Conclusion: On the basis of our developed model of decentralization of the healthcare system via uberization, the implementation of the proposed model will increase the efficiency and availability of medical services.
The Determinants of Landscape and Cultural Heritage Among Italian Regions in the Period 2004-2019
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Costantiello Alberto , Lucio Laureti , Leogrande Domenico
Published: December 2021

We estimate the Landscape and Cultural Heritage among Italian regions in the period 2004-2019 using data from ISTAT-BES. We use Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS, Dynamic Panel. We found that the Landscape and Cultural Heritage is negatively associated with “Dissatisfaction with the landscape of the place of life”, “Illegal building”, “Density and relevance of the museum heritage”, “Internal material consumption”, “Erosion of the rural space due to abandonment”, “Availability of urban green”, and positively associated with “Pressure from mining activities”, “Erosion of the rural space by urban dispersion”, “Concern about the deterioration of the landscape”, “Diffusion of agritourism farms”, “Current expenditure of the Municipalities for culture”. Secondly, we have realized a cluster analysis with the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette Coefficient and we found two clusters in the sense of “Concern about the deterioration of the landscape”. Finally, we use eight different machine learning algorithms to predict the level of “Concern about the deterioration of the landscape” and we found that the Tree Ensemble Regression is the best predictor.
Biometric Indicators of Anterior Segment Parameters Before and After Laser Peripheral Iridotomy by Swept-Source Optical Coherent Tomography
Authors: Yu Bo , Wang Kang , Xing Xiaoli
Published: December 2021

Background

Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is the most common type of glaucoma in China. Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is the primary choice to treat PAC. We aim to evaluate the changes and to find the biometric indicators of anterior segment parameters before and after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in primary angle closure (PAC) eyes using swept-source optical coherent tomography (OCT).
Methods

LPI was performed in 52 PAC eyes of 28 participants. The change of intraocular pressure and anterior segment parameters, including angle opening distance (AOD500), AOD500 area, trabecular iris space area (TISA500), TISA500 volume, trabecular iris angle (TIA500), iridotrabecular contact (ITC) index, ITC area, anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens vault (LV) and lens thickness (LT) before and 1 week after LPI were measured by Tomey CASIA2 anterior segment OCT. We also estimate and analyze potential contributing factors possibly affecting the change of anterior chamber angle parameters.
Results

No post-laser complications were found. The LV and LT did not change significantly 1 week after LPI. AOD500, AOD500 area, TISA500, TISA500 volume, TIA500, ACV and ACD increased significantly after LPI. There was significant decrease in ITC index and ITC area. LT was positively correlated to the change of ITC index (r=0.411, p=0.002) and ITC area (r=0.384, p=0.005). ACD was negatively correlated to the change of ITC index (r=0.292, p=0.036).
Conclusions

The anterior segment architecture significantly changed after LPI in PAC spectrum eyes. Crystalline lens measurements remained unchanged before and after LPI. AS-OCT can be used to follow anterior chamber parameter changes in PAC spectrum eyes. Pre-treatment LT and ACD affect the therapeutic effect of LPI.
Impact of GERAADA Score in Patients With Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Sugiyama Kayo , Watanuki Hirotaka , Tochii Masato , Futamura Yasuhiro , Kitagawa Yuka , Makino Satoshi , Ohashi Wataru , Matsuyama Katsuhiko
Published: December 2021

Background Despite continuous developments and advances in the perioperative management of patients suffering from acute aortic dissection type A (AADA), the associated postoperative morbidity and mortality remain high and strongly depend on the preoperative clinical status. The associated postoperative mortality is still hard to predict prior to the surgical procedure. The so-called German Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (GERAADA) score uses very basic and easily retrievable parameters and was specifically designed for predicting the 30-day mortality rate in patients undergoing surgery for AADA. This study evaluated impact of the GERAADA score in the authors’ institutional results. MethodsAmong 101 acute type A aortic dissection patients treated at our hospital during August 2015–March 2021, the GERAADA was calculated individually and retrospectively. Predicted and actual mortalities were assessed, and independent predicted factors were searched. The primary endpoint was defined as comparison of GERAADA scores and early mortality, and the secondary endpoints were defined as comparison of GERAADA scores and other postoperative results, and comparison of preoperative factors and postoperative results regardless to GERAADA scores.ResultsWhile the overall 30-day mortality for the entire study cohort calculated by the GERAADA score was 14.3 (8.1-77.6) %, the actual mortality rate was 6%. However, the GERAADA score was significantly high in some postoperative complications and showed significant correlation with some peri- and post-operative factors. In addition, factors not belonging to GERAADA score such as time from onset to arrival at the hospital, time from onset to arrival at the operation room, spouse presence, and hemodialysis were significantly associated with 30-day mortality.ConclusionsAlthough the actual mortality was lower than predicted, GERAADA score may impact on the postoperative course. In addition, it would be desirable to add parameters such as the time from onset to arrival, family background, and hemodialysis for further accuracy.
Equity Measurement of Public Sports Space in Central Urban Areas Accessible by Walking and Public Transportation Based on Residential Scale Data
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Huan , Sun Cheng , Wu Huifang
Published: December 2021

Background: Urban public sports space, including parks and sports facilities, has captured much public attention because of its close correlation with public health. However, few studies have assessed the equity of accessibility to various types of public sports space comprehensively with a fine scale. Methods: This study proposed a spatial equity measurement method based on multi-source urban data and GIS network analysis. Residential buildings were taken as the minimum research unit to investigate the equity differences of residents' enjoyment of urban public sports space accessible by walking and public transportation. Taking Harbin, China as an example, in the concepts of life circle, this study calculated and visualized the equity of more than 12, 000 residential buildings to a variety of public sports space in the central urban area. Results: The results showed that: 1) There was obvious inequity of sports space in the central city. The results under classification varied sharply, while the overall results moderated to a certain extent. 2) There were sharp differences between different types of sports space, and square space had the worst structure of equity. 3) The results of the two traffic modes were significantly correlated, and the correlation coefficient of the comprehensive results was the largest. In areas with poor walking equity, the results of the bus mode were generally not high either. Conclusion: This study integrated multi-source data into the traditional spatial computing models and provided an important reference for the equitable planning of urban public sports space. Attention should still be paid to the characteristics of the population in the planning intervention, such as the preference for public sports space and the limitation of choice caused by age difference. The closer the research is to the human scale, the more scientific the planning may be.
Consume Power Torque and Conveyor energy efficiency for a Horizontal Screw Conveyor with three different Screw Flight –A Comparison
Authors: Mondal Debayan
Published: December 2021

Material handling cost plays crucial role in any manufacturing industries. A judicious selection of material handling system or equipment can only help to enhance productivity and thereby increasing profitability of an industry. Extensive studies require for establishing cost effective solution related to selection of right handling system. The objective of work is to find out running cost associated with screw type horizontal conveyor through experimental investigation of consume power and associated torque against three different types of screw flight(Continuous, Ribbon and Cut Flight) of same nominal diameter and pitch while keeping conveying distance as constant with same material at different screw speed. The experiment was conducted against two different trough heights for finding out mass flow rate. The consume power, torque and conveying energy efficiency calculated with three different screw flight and the results were compared for analysis. Hence on the basis of experimental results, conclusion was drawn. Present work confirming experimentally that the consume power at conveyor shaft and torque in case of ribbon flight was found to be 10 percent less than that of the continuous screw type of same nominal diameter, pitch and helix angle with same range of speed against single conveying material type in case of both the trough height(112 mm and 180 mm), which was in line with the statement made earlier[6]. In addition to that a trial has been made to establish a comparison in terms of consume power in between ribbon and cut flight against a constant trough height, which was not reported earlier. This comparative study may be helpful for taking decision in selecting material handling equipment type for specific application area. Now a day overall energy consumption becomes serious concern for different industries.
CuO and MWCNTs Nanoparticles Filled PVA-PVP Nanocomposites: Morphological, Optical, Thermal, Dielectric, and Electrical Characteristics
Authors: Alzahrani Hassan A. H.
Published: December 2021

Copper dioxide (CuO) nanoparticles and Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) blend matrix (50/50 wt%) based polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) (i.e., PVA/PVP:(15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs for x=0,1,5,7.5, 10,14, and 15wt%) have been prepared employing the solution-cast method. The morphologies of these PNCs are semicrystalline, according to an X-ray diffraction investigation. The FTIR, SEM, and AFM measurements of PNCs were used to investigate the development of the miscible mix, polymer-polymer and polymer–nanoparticle interactions, and the influence of CuO and MWCNTs nanofillers on the morphology aspects on the main chain of PVA/PVP blend. The nanofiller dispersion signposting for x=14 wt% nanoloading in the PVA–PVP blend matrix significantly enhances the crystalline phase, diminishing the optical energy gap to 2.31eV. The DC conductivity values augment with the upsurge in nanofiller level for maximum x=14wt%. The dielectric and electrical characteristics of these PNCs are investigated for an applied frequency range from 1kHz to 1 MHz. The enhancement in the nanofiller level upto x=14wt% in the PVA/PVP matrix leads to the development of percolating network through the PNCs. These factors boost the dielectric permittivity values substantially, owing to the decrease in the nano-confinement phenomenon. The rise in applied frequency reduces dielectric permittivity and impedance values and enhances ac electrical conductivity. These PNCs having good dielectric and electrical characteristics can be used as frequency tunable nanodielectric material in electronic devices.
Components of Soil Respiration and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Four Reconstructed Soils
Authors: Lei Na , Wang huanyuan , Chen tianqing
Published: December 2021

seasonal changes characteristics in the respiration of four reconstructed soils Abstract: seasonal changes characteristics in the respiration of four reconstructed soil masses 9 in a barren gravel land were monitored using soil carbon flux measurement system. The 10 results showed that (1) The seasonal changes in soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration 11 of four reconstructed soils of meteorite, shale, sand and soft rock were the same as the 12 seasonal change in soil temperature. Soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration increased 13 with soil temperature. It was gradually increasing, reaching the maximum in summer and 14 decreasing to the minimum in winter. Among the four reconstructed soils, the average annual 15 soil respiration of reconstructed soil with sand was 4.87 μmol•m –2 •s –1 , which was 16 significantly higher than the other reconstructed soils (p<0.05).(2) The autotrophic respiration 17 of four reconstructed soils showed obvious seasonal dynamic changes. The maximum and 18 minimum values appeared in August 2018 and January 2018, respectively. In the whole year, 19 The variation range of the annual average soil autotrophic respiration in the total respiration 20 of the reconstituted soil with addtion of meteorite, shale, sand and soft rock were 12.5-38.0%, 21 9.5-42.0%, 7.7-41.2%, and 5.0-39.3%, respectively.(3) Soil temperature was the main factor 22 affecting soil respiration. The four reconstructed respiration had a very significant correlation 23 with soil temperature (p<0.01). The relationship between reconstructed soils respiration and 24 soil temperature can be indexed function characterization. The 90% to 93% changes in soil 25 respiration of reconstructed soils were caused by soil temperature. The order of Q 10 in soils 26 respiration of four reconstructed was as follows: Sand> shale> soft rock > meteorite.