bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Microglial-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Composition
Authors: Jones Leandra B. , Kumar Sanjay , Bell Courtnee’ R. , Peoples Veolonda A. , Crenshaw Brennetta J. , Coats Mamie T. , Scoffield Jessica A. , Rowe Glenn C. , Sims Brian , Matthews Qiana L.
Published: December 2019

The packaging of molecular constituents inside extracellular vesicles (EVs) allows them to participate in intercellular communication and the transfer of biological molecules, however the role of EVs during bacterial infection is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection on the biogenesis and composition of EVs derived from the mouse microglia cell line, BV-2. BV-2 cells were cultured in exosome-free media and infected with 0, 1.3 × 104, or 2.6 × 104 colony forming units per milliliter P. aeruginosa for 72 h. The results indicated that compared with the control group, BV-2 cell viability significantly decreased after P. aeruginosa infection and BV-2-derived EVs concentration decreased significantly in the P. aeruginosa-infected group. P. aeruginosa infection significantly decreased chemokine ligand 4 messenger RNA in BV-2-derived infected EVs, compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05). This study also revealed that heat shock protein 70 (p ≤ 0.05) and heat shock protein 90β (p ≤ 0.001) levels of expression within EVs increased after P. aeruginosa infection. EV treatment with EVs derived from P. aeruginosa infection reduced cell viability of BV-2 cells. P. aeruginosa infection alters the expression of specific proteins and mRNA in EVs. Our study suggests that P. aeruginosa infection modulates EV biogenesis and composition, which may influence bacterial pathogenesis and infection.
Repeat-Induced Point Mutations Drive Divergence between Fusarium circinatum and Its Close Relatives
Authors: van Wyk Stephanie , Wingfield Brenda , De Vos Lieschen , van der Merwe Nicolaas , Santana Quentin , Steenkamp Emma
Published: December 2019

The Repeat-Induced Point (RIP) mutation pathway is a fungal-specific genome defense mechanism that counteracts the deleterious effects of transposable elements. This pathway permanently mutates its target sequences by introducing cytosine to thymine transitions. We investigated the genome-wide occurrence of RIP in the pitch canker pathogen, Fusarium circinatum, and its close relatives in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC). Our results showed that the examined fungi all exhibited hallmarks of RIP, but that they differed in terms of the extent to which their genomes were affected by this pathway. RIP mutations constituted a large proportion of all the FFSC genomes, including both core and dispensable chromosomes, although the latter were generally more extensively affected by RIP. Large RIP-affected genomic regions were also much more gene sparse than the rest of the genome. Our data further showed that RIP-directed sequence diversification increased the variability between homologous regions of related species, and that RIP-affected regions can interfere with homologous recombination during meiosis, thereby contributing to post-mating segregation distortion. Taken together, these findings suggest that RIP can drive the independent divergence of chromosomes, alter chromosome architecture, and contribute to the divergence among F. circinatum and other members of this economically important group of fungi.
Isolation of Intact Chloroplast for Sequencing Plastid Genomes of Five Festuca Species
Authors: Islam Md. Shofiqul , Buttelmann Gretta L. , Chekhovskiy Konstantin , Kwon Taegun , Saha Malay C.
Published: December 2019

Isolation of good quality chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is a challenge in different plant species, although several methods for isolation are known. Attempts were undertaken to isolate cpDNA from Festuca grass species by using available standard protocols; however, they failed due to difficulties separating intact chloroplasts from the polysaccharides, oleoresin, and contaminated nuclear DNA that are present in the crude homogenate. In this study, we present a quick and inexpensive protocol for isolating intact chloroplasts from seven grass varieties/accessions of five Festuca species using a single layer of 30% Percoll solution. This protocol was successful in isolating high quality cpDNA with the least amount of contamination of other DNA. We performed Illumina MiSeq paired-end sequencing (2 × 300 bp) using 200 ng of cpDNA of each variety/accession. Chloroplast genome mapping showed that 0.28%–11.37% were chloroplast reads, which covered 94%–96% of the reference plastid genomes of the closely related grass species. This improved method delivered high quality cpDNA from seven grass varieties/accessions of five Festuca species and could be useful for other grass species with similar genome complexity.
Omics Potential in Herbicide-Resistant Weed Management
Authors: Patterson Eric L. , Saski Christopher , Küpper Anita , Beffa Roland , Gaines Todd A.
Published: December 2019

The rapid development of omics technologies has drastically altered the way biologists conduct research. Basic plant biology and genomics have incorporated these technologies, while some challenges remain for use in applied biology. Weed science, on the whole, is still learning how to integrate omics technologies into the discipline; however, omics techniques are more frequently being implemented in new and creative ways to address basic questions in weed biology as well as the more practical questions of improving weed management. This has been especially true in the subdiscipline of herbicide resistance where important questions are the evolution and genetic basis of herbicide resistance. This review examines the advantages, challenges, potential solutions, and outlook for omics technologies in the discipline of weed science, with examples of how omics technologies will impact herbicide resistance studies and ultimately improve management of herbicide-resistant populations.
Dual Crosslinked Collagen/Chitosan Film for Potential Biomedical Applications
Authors: Shah Rushita , Stodulka Pavel , Skopalova Katerina , Saha Petr
Published: December 2019

The application of polymeric biomaterial scaffolds utilizing crosslinking strategy has become an effective approach in these days. In the present study, the development and characterization of collagen–chitosan hydrogel film has been reported on using dual crosslinking agent’s, i.e., tannic acid and genipin simultaneously. Incorporation of genipin imparts a greenish-blue color to the polymeric film. The effect of dual crosslinking and their successful interaction within the matrix was evaluated by infrared analysis spectroscopy. The porosity of the film was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results of TGA determine the intermediate thermal degradation. Further, the crosslinking phenomenon has found primary impact on the strength of the films. Enzymatic degradation for the films was performed with lysozyme and lipase. The cell adhesion and proliferation was also accomplished using mouse embryonic cell lines wherein the cells cultured on the dual crosslinked film. The thriving utilization of such dual crosslinked polymeric film finds their applications in ophthalmology especially as an implant for temporary injured cornea and skin tissue regeneration.
Modification of Poly(Ethylene 2,5-Furandicarboxylate) with Poly(Ethylene glycol) for Biodegradable Copolyesters with Good Mechanical Properties and Spinnability
Authors: Ji Peng , Lu Danping , Zhang Shengming , Zhang Wanying , Wang Chaosheng , Wang Huaping
Published: December 2019

Using 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, ethylene glycol, and poly(ethylene glycol) as raw materials and ethylene glycol antimony as a catalyst, poly(ethylene furandicarboxylate) (PEF) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) copolymers (PEGFs) were synthesized by transesterification by changing the molecular weight of PEG (from 600 to 10,000 g/mol) and the PEG content (from 10 to 60 wt %). The thermal, hydrophilic, degradation, and spinnility characteristics of these copolymers were then investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that PEGF is thermally stable at 62 °C, much lower than the temperature for PEF. The intrinsic viscosity of the obtained copolyester was between 0.67 and 0.99 dL/g, which is higher than the viscosity value of PEF. The contact angle experiment shows that the hydrophilicity of PEGFs is improved (the surface contact angle is reduced from 91.9 to 63.3°), which gives PEGFs a certain degradability, and the maximum mass loss can reach approximately 15%. Melt spinning experiments show that the PEGF polymer has poor spinnability, but the mechanical properties of the polymer monofilament are better.
Data Augmentation Applied to Machine Learning-Based Monitoring of a Pulp and Paper Process
Authors: Pereira Parente Andréa , de Souza Jr. Maurício Bezerra , Valdman Andrea , Mattos Folly Rossana Odette
Published: December 2019

Industrial archived process data represent a convenient source of information for data-driven models, such as artificial neural network (ANN), that can be used for safety and efficiency improvement like early or even predictive fault detection and diagnosis (FDD). Nonetheless, most of the data used for model generation are representative of the process nominal states and therefore are not enough for classification problems intended to determine abnormal process conditions. This work proposes the use of techniques to augment the original real data standards, dismissing the need for experiments that could jeopardize process safety. It uses the Monte Carlo technique to artificially increase the number of model inputs coupled to the nearest neighbor search (NNS) by geometric distances to consistently classify the generated patterns in normal or faulty statuses. Finally, a radial basis function neural network is trained with the augmented data. The methodology was validated by a study case in which 3381 pulp and paper industrial data points were expanded to monitor the formation of particles in a recovery boiler. Only 5.8% of the original process data were examples of faulty conditions, but the new expanded and balanced data collection leveraged the classification performance of the neural network, allowing its future use for monitoring purpose.
Evaluation of Six Directional Canopy Emissivity Models in the Thermal Infrared Using Emissivity Measurements
Authors: Pérez-Planells Lluís , Valor Enric , Niclòs Raquel , Coll César , Puchades Jesús , Campos-Taberner Manuel
Published: December 2019

Land surface temperature (LST) is a fundamental physical quantity in a range of different studies, for example in climatological analyses and surface–atmosphere heat flux assessments, especially in heterogeneous and complex surfaces such as vegetated canopies. To obtain accurate LST values, it is important to measure accurately the land surface emissivity (LSE) in the thermal infrared spectrum. In the past decades, different directional emissivity canopy models have been proposed. This paper evaluates six radiative transfer models (FR97, Mod3, Rmod3, 4SAIL, REN15, and CE-P models) through a comparison with in situ emissivity measurements performed using the temperature-emissivity separation (TES) method. The evaluation is done using a single set of rose plants over two different soils with very different spectral behavior. First, using an organic soil, the measurements were done for seven different observation angles, from 0° to 60° in steps of 10°, and for six different values of leaf area index (LAI). Taking into account all LAIs, the bias (and root mean square error, RMSE) obtained were 0.003 (±0.006), −0.004 (±0.005), −0.009 (±0.011), 0.005 (±0.007), 0.004 (±0.007), and 0.005 (±0.007) for FR97, Mod3, Rmod3, 4SAIL, REN 15, and CE-P models, respectively. Second, using an inorganic soil, the measurements were done for six different LAIs but for two different observation angles: 0° and 55°. The bias (and RMSE) obtained were 0.012 (±0.014), 0.004 (±0.007), −0.020 (±0.035), 0.016 (±0.017), 0.013 (±0.015), 0.013 (±0.015) and for FR97, Mod3, Rmod3, 4SAIL, REN15, and CE-P models, respectively. Overall, the Mod3 model appears as the best model in comparison to the TES emissivity reference measurements.
Coexistence with Bears in Romania: A Local Community Perspective
Authors: Stăncioiu Petru Tudor , Dutcă Ioan , Bălăcescu Marian Cristian , Ungurean Ștefan Vasile
Published: December 2019

In the modern context of the strict protection of large carnivores, the competition for resources between local community dwellers and these animals has become an important challenge for ensuring coexistence—the key for conservation success. To assess the perceptions of this intricate relationship, six local communities from Central Romania, located in areas with high-density brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) population and frequent conflicts, were investigated. A large proportion of the respondents (69%) showed various forms of intolerance (e.g., relocation, punishment, or killing) towards aggressive bears. However, the cognitive evaluation score derived from the level of interaction with bears showed a non-significant (p = 0.470) segregation by tolerance levels, suggesting that not only the tangible costs (direct damage) but rather the psychological costs of fear, danger, or risk are more important drivers of negative attitudes towards bears. Furthermore, the prevalent experienced emotions towards an inoffensive bear (fear, terror, and hate, which represent 73%) underline the general preference for living in “separate worlds”. This requires that bears should avoid humans and their settlements, a goal unlikely to be achieved under the current strict protection regime. Therefore, an alternative strategy that ensures mutual avoidance of the two players may be more appropriate for successful human–bear coexistence.
Building Resilience: An Art–Food Hub to Connect Local Communities
Authors: Quaranta Giovanni , Dalia Cristina , Salvati Luca , Salvia Rosanna
Published: December 2019

Resilience thinking is an appropriate framework when assessing the transitional potential of complex urban systems. The transformation of abandoned spaces into local hubs attracting new and innovative activities and events promotes a socioeconomic renaissance in urban communities, by stimulating adaptation to change, enhancing local resilience and strengthening urban–rural links. Under the conceptual umbrella of resilience thinking, the present study illustrates the outcomes of an integrated program of research-action aimed at urban regeneration in a medium-sized, economically disadvantaged city in Southern Italy (Battipaglia, Campania). The transformation of an abandoned building into an ‘Art–Food Hub’—a multi-purpose and creative cultural space—based on resilience thinking was the specific case analyzed in our study. Appropriate stakeholders were identified and involved in a series of field activities and workshops, with the final objective of informing a comprehensive strategy strengthening awareness to change and capacity building. More specifically, stakeholder involvement was carried out with two aims: first, to make stakeholders active participants in co-designing a Strategic Urban Planning Document for Battipaglia and, second, to evaluate to what extent the proposed initiative contributes to building local resilience. By explicitly considering cross-scale drivers of community resilience, the results of this study show how the concept of resilience can be practically applied to policy formulation and implementation.
An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Policy for Office Building Design in South Korea
Authors: Kwak Younghoon , Kang Jeong-A , Huh Jung-Ho , Kim Tae-Hyoung , Jeong Young-Sun
Published: December 2019

This paper examines the effectiveness of South Korea’s policy for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in office buildings and evaluates if national targets can be met. A sample of office buildings was categorized into two groups—conventional (Group A) and new (Group B)—based on when their construction was approved. Furthermore, data regarding the three design elements of the building envelope, that is building form, window systems, and U-values were collected. By statistically processing data of each element, reference building models were developed and a case study was conducted for each building. Design changes that were incorporated, keeping in mind the GHG reduction policy, showed 13.1% of saving energy in case 8 (reference building of Group B) than case 1 (reference building of Group A). The savings in case 8 were more than the average GHG reduction rate (12.8%) compared to business as usual (BAU). However, case 4 (a conventional (Group A) building form with new (Group B) window systems and U-values) achieved the greatest savings in building loads. The policy to enhance insulation in new buildings to reduce GHG emissions in the building sector has prompted changes in building forms and window systems and has reduced emissions by 10%, that is 3% more than the expected value. Thus, new innovations in building envelope design could achieve an average 12.8% reduction in emissions in buildings.
Transforming Research and Innovation for Sustainable Food Systems—A Coupled-Systems Perspective
Authors: Kok Kristiaan P. W. , den Boer Alanya C. L. , Cesuroglu Tomris , van der Meij Marjoleine G. , de Wildt-Liesveld Renée , Regeer Barbara J. , Broerse Jacqueline E. W.
Published: December 2019

Current research and innovation (R&I) systems are not equipped to fully serve as catalysts for the urgently needed transformation of food systems. Though research on food systems transformation (first order: ‘what?’) and transformative research (second order: ‘how to’) are rapidly gaining traction in academic and policy environments, current efforts fail to explicitly recognize the systemic nature of the challenges associated with performing transformative second-order research. To recognize these manifold and interlinked challenges embedded in R&I systems, there is a need for a coupled-systems perspective. Transformations are needed in food systems as well as R&I systems (‘how to do the “how to”’). We set out to conceptualize an approach that aims to trigger double transformations by nurturing innovations at the boundaries of R&I systems and food systems that act upon systemic leverage points, so that their multisystem interactions can better support food system transformations. We exemplify this coupled-systems approach by introducing the FIT4FOOD2030 project with its 25 living labs as a promising multilevel boundary innovation at the cross-section of R&I and food systems. We illustrate how this approach paves the way for double systems transformations, and therefore for an R&I system that is fit for future-proofing food systems.
Building Inter-Personal Competence in Architecture and Urban Design Students through Smart Cities at a Higher Education Institution
Authors: Oh Daniel S.
Published: December 2019

As the smart city concept and applications continue to evolve, traditional architects and urban designers are facing an increasingly uncertain future. This paper outlines an innovative educational format to bolster and perpetuate the interdisciplinary nature of architects and urban designers that resonates with both sustainable development (SD) and smart cities (SCs). By applying ‘connective knowledge’ to the concept of interdisciplinarity education, a method was established that uses the SC concept to expand upon and create a bridge between distant disciplines in the context of higher education sustainable development (HESD). As a complementary educational pedagogy to the ‘whole institution approach’ to reduce barriers in higher education institutions (HEIs), this paper highlights an opportunity to apply the SC concept as a basis to construct an interdisciplinary design workshop to focus on building inter-personal competence, targeting university-level students majoring in architecture and urban design. The design workshop used microcontrollers and sensors as these are scalable and easily learnt building blocks of the Internet of Things and SCs. The inter-disciplinary workshop ran for 16 weeks with 14 students majoring in architecture and urban design and electrical engineering. Based on interviews and course evaluations, the experiment was vetted using capacities of inter-personal competence in sustainable development. A series of insights and findings from the design workshop indicated positive initial outcomes that were used to form a set of working criteria for the interdisciplinary design workshop. Future work will include structuring empirical data collection and analysis and expanding collaborations with other distant disciplines such as public administration and social innovation, as delineated by the SC concept.
Effects of Supercritical CO2 Treatment Temperature on Functional Groups and Pore Structure of Coals
Authors: Ge Zhaolong , Zeng Mengru , Cheng Yugang , Wang Haoming , Liu Xianfeng
Published: December 2019

The buried depth of a coal seam determines the temperature at which CO2 and coal interact. To better understand CO2 sequestration, the pore structure and organic functional groups of coal treated with different ScCO2 temperatures were studied. In this study, three different rank coals were treated with ScCO2 at different temperatures under 8 MPa for 96 h in a geochemical reactor. The changes in pore structure and chemical structure of coal after ScCO2 treatment were analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, fractal theory, and curve fitting. The results show that the enhancement effect of ScCO2 on pore structure of coal becomes less significant as the increase of buried depth. In most of the treated coal samples, the variation proportion of mesopores decreased and the variation proportion of macropores increased. In the relatively higher rank coals, the degree of condensation (DOC) of aromatic rings decreased after treatment with ScCO2. The DOC values showed a U-shape relationship with temperature, and the aromaticity showed a downward trend with increasing temperature. The chemical structural changes in the relatively lower rank coal sample were complex. These findings will provide an understanding of mechanisms relevant to CO2 sequestration with enhanced coalbed methane recovery under different geothermal gradients and for different ranks of coal.
Promoting and Demoting Factors of Ecodesign Methodologies for The Application of Recycled Construction Waste: A Case Study of a Composite Product
Authors: Sormunen Petri , Kärki Timo
Published: December 2019

Thermoplastic composites manufacturing could be a potential end-of-life option for separated construction and demolition waste. This study aims to find out how well the established ecodesign methodologies support the choice of recycled composite materials in new product design, and what challenges these materials offer to the designer. A product design case study was conducted by applying the ecodesign methodologies Environmental Quality Function Deployment and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, to identify the main promoting and demoting factors from the designer’s point of view. The rate of recycled material is the main promoting factor, but biodegradability, recyclability, and the mixing of materials are usually demoting the composite use. The use of multiple criteria analysis techniques can work in favor of the composite, as the mechanical and physical properties are taken into consideration. The paper discusses the potential challenges the designer faces when evaluating the feasibility of using recycled material composites. The design suggests that new uses for waste that previously went to landfill, such as mineral wool, can be found with composite solutions.
Étude des propriétés cristallochimiques, morphologiques, superficielles de kaolinites désordonnées
Authors: Cases Jean-Maurice , Liétard Olivier , Yvon Jacques , Delon Jean-François
Published: December 2019

Trente échantillons d'argiles kaoliniques provenant de Cornouailles anglaise et française, de Géorgie, des Charentes, ont été étudiés par analyses chimique, cristallographique, spectroscopique (I.R.), granulométrique, thermique différentielle et mesures des surfaces spécifiques.

Le fer, sous forme d'oxydes ou hydroxydes dans l'espace interfoliaire ou en couche octaédrique, semble principalement responsable des variations nombreuses des propriétés physicochimiques, en particulier du nombre de défauts aléatoires ou non dans le plan (a , b). Les défauts cristallins selon l'axe c*, compte tenu de leur relation avec le fer total, traduisent vraisemblablement la présence des oxydes de fer ou de feuillets micacés interstratifiés. Il est alors possible de classer les échantillons par ordre de cristallinité décroissante. On constate que la hauteur moyenne et le diamètre moyen des particules élémentaires décroissent au fur et à mesure que les kaolinites sont de plus en plus désordonnées. Cet effet est mis en relation avec l'existence d'un milieu de croissance riche en impuretés.
Caractéristiques structurales des kaolinites désordonnées
Authors: Tchoubar Cyril , Plançon Alain , Ben Brahim Jemaïel , Clinard Christian , Sow Cheik
Published: December 2019

Une première partie du travail est consacrée à la détermination quantitative de la nature et du taux de défauts structuraux dans diverses kaolinites. L'étude est effectuée en comparant les diagrammes de diffraction X de ces minéraux à des spectres simulés, calculés à partir de modèles. Pour chaque kaolinite sont étudiées deux fractions granulométriques (> 0,1 µm et < 0,1 µm). Une seconde partie relie les caractéristiques structurales de ces kaolinites à leur aptitude à l'intercalation par l'hydrazine. Une détermination quantitative précise du taux d'expansion est effectuée à partir de l'analyse des réflexions 00l des kaolinites intercalées. Une troisième partie est consacrée à une étude en microscopie électronique sur des coupes ultraminces de particules de kaolinites pour tenter de corréler leurs caractéristiques structurales, déterminées par diffraction X, à leurs caractéristiques morphologiques et texturales (mise en évidence de distorsions de feuillets conduisant à une microporosité).
Dosage quantitatif des kaolinites et des illites par diffraction de rayons X
Authors: Larray Jacques , Gaudon Pierre , Struillou Roger
Published: December 2019

Orientation effects and structural disorder have prevented a quantitative X-ray analysis of clay minerals.

Orientation control is possible by compaction of material after mixing with an orientable standard : molybdenite. This analysis uses the 001 reflection whose the features height H and half-height width I are measured with reference to the standard reflection. This peak area S is given by S = H x I.

A first type of disorder has the particularity to be increased by grinding. The 001 reflection behaviour during grinding is : S = Sc x H[power]0.86 where S is the relative peak area, H the height and Sc the corrected area, free of this type of disorder.

A second type of disorder is pointed out by the broadening of 001 peak according to Sc = Si x I[power]0.6 where I is the half-height width. Si, the intrinsic area, is free of disorder degree and only dependent of the amount of mineral in the material.

By the use of this intrinsic area for the quantitative analysis of material with kaolinite and illite of various degrees of disorder, good results can be gained.
Sur la non˗stœchiométrie des sulfosels antimonieux arséniques de plomb
Authors: Mozgova Nadejda N. , Bortnikov Nicolay S. , Borodaev Youri S. , Tzepin Anatoly I.
Published: December 2019

On étudie les sulfosels antimonieux arséniques de plomb provenant du gisement de Novoye (Khaidarkan, Kirghizie) ou obtenus par synthèse hydrothermale, par microsonde électronique, diffraction des rayons X et microdiffraction des électrons. Les données ainsi obtenues, comparées à celles déjà publiées, montrent que ces minéraux constituent des composés non˗stœchiométriques de rapports Sb/As et Pb/(As + Sb) variables.

Il n'y a pas de différence nette entre la twinnite et la guettardite. D'après les diagrammes de poudre, le domaine de composition des phases (en moles %) est PbS 42,8 à 52,85, Sb₂S₃ 21,9 à 32,85 et As₂S₃ 18,6 à 27,2, englobant les compositions théoriques de la twinnite et de la guettardite. La surstructure établie par Jambor pour la twinnite est étendue à la guettardite. On propose de considérer ces composés comme une série homologue de formule PbS • (Sb, As)[2-x]S[4-1,5x] et n'ayant qu'un seul nom : twinnite. La playfairite, la launayite et la sorbyite forment probablement une autre série homologue de sulfosels.
The determination of hydroxyl by infrared absorption in quartz, silicate glasses and similar materials
Authors: Paterson Mervyn Silas
Published: December 2019

L'analyse des calibrations existantes pour différentes substances montre que l'intensité de l'absorption des I.R. de 3 µm par les hydroxyles dépend de la fréquence. Quand on prend en compte le facteur d'anisotropie γ, une raie unique de calibration pour le coefficient d'absorption molaire intégral I peut, en première approximation, être utilisée pour une variété de substances telles que les verres de silicate ou autre, le quartz et les diverses formes de l'eau. La relation utilisée est I/γ = 150(3 780 — v) où v est le nombre d'onde en cm⁻¹ et I est donné en cm⁻² par mole H/1. Avec cette relation, on peut, en première approximation, estimer le contenu d'hydroxyle associé à l'absorption en bande large ou de type gel dans le quartz et les substances semblables. Ceci implique que la distribution des forces de liaison des hydroxyles est beaucoup plus affectée aux grands nombres d'onde que ne le suggère a priori la forme du spectre.
Étude par spectroscopie des photoélectrons d'une sillénite
Authors: Deville Jean-Paul , Laarif Ahmed , Théobald François
Published: December 2019

Bismuth oxide α-Bi₂O₃ heated with water in sealed silica tubes is changed by hydrothermal process into samples which contain mainly a cubic compound (a = 10.12 Å) similar to Bi₁₂SiO₂₀. Impurities (in amount less than 10 %) are also found : these may be bismuth silicate Bi₄(SiO₄)₃ and silica.

Electron spectroscopy has shown that the silicon in the sample has exactly the same spectrum as silica (amorphous SiO₂) or silicates. At least two 0ls peaks may be found in the E.S.C.A. spectrum of the sillenite ; the first one at 529.5 eV in due to oxygen atoms bound to Bi atoms the second one at 532.4 eV characterizes oxygen atoms linked to the Si atoms. The energy of this peak agrees with the SiO₄ coordination of Si in sillenite. Furthermore Bi⁵⁺ is not found. These results are in accordance with the Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ structure but the presence of Bi₄(SiO₄)₃ or SiO₂ as impurities is possible.

On the other hand an oxygen-deficient formula for the sillenite like compound such as Bi₂₂Si₃O₃₉ may not be ruled out completely. But structural considerations on sillenites would rather discard that assumption.
Variations de stœchiométrie de chalcopyrites naturelles
Authors: Lafitte Michel , Maury Roger
Published: December 2019

Systematical electron microprobe analyses of natural chalcopyrite crystals have been performed in order to study the nonstoechiometry of this mineral as it is mentioned in the literature.

A statistical study of crystals from three occurrences — Bodennec, Rouez, La Zarza — shows a similar composition heterogeneity both in neighbour crystals and in samples from different deposits. In other deposits, whose origin is different as confirmed by different values of sulfur isotopic composition, the average compositions are similar.

It is suggested that the diffusion of atoms was responsable for the rehomogeneisation of crystals and the elimination of minor elements after the sulfide formation, in connection with metamorphic events.
Étude chimique et structurale du système phosphate tricalcique˗phosphate tricadmique
Authors: Romdhane Salah Salem , Bonel Gilbert , Louër Daniel
Published: December 2019

Après chauffage à 950 °C le système Ca₃(PO₄)₂ β Cd₃(PO₄)₂ donne naissance, à température et pression ordinaires à des solutions solides limitées identifiées par diffraction des rayons X. La phase riche en calcium présente la structure du β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂. La phase riche en cadmium présente la structure du β'-Cd₃(PO₄)₂ . La phase intermédiaire présente la structure de α-Ca₃(PO₄)₂.
Transmission electron microscopy of andalusite single crystals indented at room temperature
Authors: Lefebvre Alain
Published: December 2019

La microindentation de cristaux d'andalousite a été réalisée pour l'étude de la déformation plastique de l'andalousite à température ordinaire. L'observation au microscope électronique en transmission a permis de mettre en évidence deux types de boucles prismatiques de vecteurs de Burgers [100] et [010] ainsi que trois types de bandes de glissement (100)[001], (010)[001] et {110}[001]. Dans ces bandes de glissement, la plupart des dislocations sont des dislocations-vis non dissociées. Ce dernier point s'explique par le fait que, contrairement au cas du disthène et de la sillimanite, le vecteur-déplacement 1/2[001] altère le sous-réseau anionique de l'andalousite.
Les phosphates d'uranyle et d'aluminium de Kobokobo. VI. La triangulite, Al3(UO2•PO4)4(OH)5 • 5 H2O, nouveau minéral
Authors: Deliens Michel , Piret Paul
Published: December 2019

Triangulite occurs at Kobokobo, Kivu, Zaïre, as yellow triangular tablets flattened on (100). Edges [001] an [010]. Triclinic. Space group P1 or P[-1] with a = 10.39, b = 10.56, c = 10.60 Å, α = 116.4, β = 107.8 and γ = 113.4°. Z = 1. Density : 3.68 (calculated) and 3.7 g/cm³ (measured). The strongest lines of the X-ray powder pattern are 7.80 (10) 100, 3.87 (8) 200, 3.15 (7) [-2]03 and [-2]30, 2.99 (5) 0[-3]3. Optically biaxial positive with 2V = 80°. nz = 1.704, ny = 1.665 and nx = 1.639 (calculated). Optical orientation : Z ~ [0[-1]1], Y ~ [011] and X ⟂ (100). Not fluorescent under UV lights. Formula is Al₃ (UO₂•PO₄)₄ (OH)₅ ~ 5H₂O. Structural group of ranunculite.
Les paragenèses de remplacement des biotites utilisées comme marqueurs des conditions de température et de composition des fluides dans les altérations hydrothermale et supergène du granite de Mayet-de-Montagne (Allier, France)
Authors: Parneix Jean-Claude , Meunier Alain
Published: December 2019

Cette étude concerne les faciès d'altération des biotites dans le granite de Mayet-de-Montagne (29 échantillons prélevés sur les 150 mètres d'un sondage INAG). Les phases secondaires ont été déterminées par diffraction de rayons X et localisées optiquement en lame mince après analyse à la microsonde (CAMECA MS 46 équipée d'un système en dispersion d'énergie). Les biotites se déstabilisent selon six grands types de réactions :

1 — Croissance de chlorite magnésienne sur les faces (001) en contact avec des quartz ;

2 — Pseudomorphose par assemblage corrensite ˗ chlorite Fe˗Mg ;

3 — Pseudomorphose par la chlorite Fe˗Mg associée à des épidotes riches en fer ;

4 — Remplacement de la chlorite par un minéral de type vermiculite associé à des oxydes de fer ;

5 — Remplacement par un assemblage chlorite ˗ smectite ˗ calcite ;

6 — Remplacement par un assemblage kaolinite ˗ beidellite K associé aux carbonates : calcite ˗ sidérite ˗ ankérite.

Les réactions 1, 2, 3 se rapportent à une altération propylitique (220°C-280°C). L'aluminium, le fer et le magnésium migrent sur de courtes distances. Dans les conditions supergènes (réaction 4), un minéral de type vermiculite remplace la chlorite.

Les réactions 5 et 6 caractérisent une altération argileuse liée à la présence des carbonates (⩽ 100°C). Le fer et le magnésium sont mobiles tandis que l'aluminium est inerte ; les carbonates contrôlent les migrations de matière.

La différenciation des paragenèses d'altérations propylitique, argileuse ou supergène dépend du degré d'ouverture des microsystèmes géochimiques.
Exploitation directe d'une loi d'observation de la cristallographie : l'existence des faces planes
Authors: Simon Blaise
Published: December 2019

On démontre, du seul fait de l'existence de faces planes, que la structure d'un cristal est triplement périodique et que toutes les faces sont des plans réticulaires.
Circulación de bienes entre Egipto y el Levante meridional en el IV milenio a.C.
Authors: Daizo María Belén
Published: December 2019

La naturaleza de las relaciones entre Egipto y el Levante meridional en el IV milenio a.C. ha estado en el centro de un amplio debate, principalmente a partir de mediados del siglo XX. El registro arqueológico que evidencia estos vínculos se remonta al Calcolítico tardío y se acentúa considerablemente durante el Bronce Antiguo I. Estos hallazgos permiten dar cuenta de diferentes tipos de bienes que han circulado entre ambas regiones y que conforman una compleja red de interacción desde momentos tempranos. El objetivo central de este estudio es identificar y analizar cuáles fueron los mecanismos involucrados en las redes de circulación de bienes entre Egipto y el Levante meridional y las dinámicas implicadas en esta trama de relaciones. Para ello, el foco del análisis se ha colocado en dos sitios que permiten, por medio de diferentes indicadores arqueológicos, establecer concretos paralelos y arrojar luz sobre estas relaciones: Tell el-Farkha (en el área oriental del Delta del Nilo) y Tel Erani (en la zona centro-sur del Levante meridional).
Los "Períodos Intermedios" en la historia y en la historiografía del Antiguo Egipto
Authors: Flammini Roxana
Published: December 2019

Los denominados “Períodos Intermedios”, calificados por la historiografía tradicional como épocas “oscuras”, de decadencia, revolución o anarquía, fueron descriptos en contraposición a los procesos donde el Estado mantuvo la unidad y el alcance sobre el territorio egipcio, al menos desde Elefantina al Delta. Por cierto, su denominación a través de un orden numérico y su calificación como “intermedios” sugiere cierta semejanza y orden secuencial que está muy lejos de lo que evidencia la documentación. En esta aproximación procuraremos diferenciar las premisas –compartidas o no– que subyacen en la base de las interpretaciones de tales períodos, cuáles son los denominadores comunes y cuáles las singularidades que definen cada uno de estos lapsos disruptivos.
Kualitas Fungsi Seksual Ibu Postpartum Dengan Jahitan Perineum Diukur Menggunakan Female Sexual Function Index
Authors: Ratnaningsih Ester
Published: December 2019

Aktivitas seksual wanita berubah pada berbagai tahap kehidupan, salah satunya karena  proses  persalinan. Masalah seksual wanita setelah melahirkan adalah trauma perineum saat melahirkan seperti ruptur perineum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran indeks fungsi seksual ibu postpartum dengan jahitan perineum di Rumah Sakit Panti Wilasa Citarum Semarang tahun 2019. Desain penelitian ini adalah study deskritif, dengan besar sampel 45 orang,  pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik  aksidental sampling. Disfungsi seksual dinilai dengan kuesioner FSFI.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden berumur 20-35 tahun sebanyak 40 responden (88,9%), mayoritas ibu multipara sebanyak 28 responden (62,2%), mayoritas responden berpendidikan SMA sebanyak  30 responden (66,7%), dan mayoritas responden menyusui  sebanyak 41 responden (91,1%) dan mayoritas responden melakukan hubungan seksual 3 bulan setelah bersalin sebanyak 24 responden (53,3%), Skor indeks fungsi seksual ibu postpartum dengan jahitan perineum dengan rentang 4 – 34,2. Kejadian disfungsi seksual pada ibu nifas dengan jahitan perineum sebanyak 86,7%.Kata kunci : disfungsi seksual; postpartum; jahitan perineum
Alteración de los parámetros del modelo de Green y Ampt ante la ocurrencia de incendios en suelos de Córdoba (Argentina)
Authors: Weber Juan , Reyna Santiago
Published: December 2019

En la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina), por sus características climáticas, se desarrollan frecuentemente incendios forestales en correspondencia con la estación seca. Hasta el momento no se han reportado mediciones sistemáticas del impacto de estos incendios en el comportamiento hidrológico de sus cuencas. Mediante el uso de simulador de lluvia portátil, y quemas controladas a temperaturas y duraciones representativas, se ha llevado a cabo una campaña de medición del impacto del fuego sobre la capacidad de infiltración en los suelos de Córdoba. Para ello, se han realizado mediciones en condiciones pre y post-incendio del escurrimiento superficial ante una lluvia simulada de intensidad conocida. Los resultados experimentales muestran una reducción de la capacidad de infiltración promedio del 32 % al finalizar los ensayos a consecuencia de la acción del fuego. A partir de estos resultados, se calibraron los parámetros del modelo de infiltración de Green y Ampt, analizando su alteración producto del fuego. La conductividad hidráulica presenta significativas reducciones, mientras que la carga de succión matricial se incrementa considerablemente. Se considera que los resultados obtenidos permitirán realizar evaluaciones cuantitativas del impacto de los incendios forestales en el ciclo hidrológico de las cuencas de la región serrana de Córdoba.
SISTEM INFORMASI AUDIT MUTU INTERNAL (SI AMI) PERGURUAN TINGGI MENGGUNAKAN METODE USER CENTERED LEARNING
Authors: Boru Meiton , Rumlaklak Nelci D. , Letelay Kornelis , Sihotang Dony M.
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to implement the User Centered Learning (UCD) method in building a Higher Education Internal Quality Audit Information System (SIAMI). There are two test scenarios that have been carried out in this research, namely: black box testing and measuring the level of satisfaction with the system using a questionnaire. Black box testing is done by testing all the function features in the system and the system results in 95% functioning properly. As for testing the level of user satisfaction with the system shows that SIAMI with UCD method can be used because it has a satisfaction level of 87%.
IMPLEMENTASI CASE BASED REASONINGUNTUK MENDIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS MENGGUNAKANALGORITMA K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR
Authors: Atok Emanuel Tes , Sina Derwin R , Sihotang Dony M
Published: December 2019

—Penalaran Berbasis Kasus menghasilkan solusi berdasarkan kemiripan terhadap kasus-kasus yang pernah terjadi sebelumnya. Solusi kasus baru dihasilkan dari pencocokan kemiripan dengan kasus lama. Pada penelitian ini penulis menerapkan CBR untuk mendignosa penyakit tuberkulosa. Sumber pengetahuan sistem diperoleh dengan mengumpulkan berkas rekam medis pasien tuberkulosis pada tahun 2014-2016. Perhitungan nilai kemiripan menggunakan algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor dengan nilai batas kewajaran 80%. Sistem ini dapat mendiagnosis 3 jenis penyakit tuberkulosis berdasarkan 25 gejala yang ada. Luaran sistem berupa jenis penyakit tuberkulosis berdasarkan gejala yang dialami pasien, solusi pengobatan dan presentasi kemiripan antara kasus baru dan kasus lama. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dengan 51 kasus TB didapatkan hasil: (a) pengujian dengan 3 skenario pengujian kasus baru didapatkan keakuratan sistem masing-masing untuk skenario pertama akurasi yang diperoleh dengan 31 data latih (60% dari 51 kasus) dan 20 data uji (40% dari 51 kasus) akurasinya sebesar 63%, skenario kedua akurasi yang diperoleh dengan 35 data latih (70% dari 51 kasus) dan 16 data uji (30% dari 51 kasus) akurasinya sebesar 69.2% dan skenario ketiga akurasi yg diperoleh dengan 41 data latih (80% dari 51 kasus) dan 10 data uji (20% dari 51 kasus) akurasinya sebesar 90%, (b) hasil pengujian terhadap kasus lama dalam basis kasus didapatkan keakuratan sistemsebesar 100%.
ANALISIS PERANAN ALGORITMA ANGKA DAN KATA DALAM PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PROBLEM-SOLVING MATEMATIKA PADA SISWA SATAP SMPN 6 KUPANG TENGAH
Authors: Pahnael Jusrry Rosalina , Atti Astri , Pasangka Irvandi G
Published: December 2019

Pembelajaran matematika pada umumnya tidak terlepas dari perhitungan, penyusunan pola/bentuk dan pemikiran logik matematik. Oleh sebab itu, metode pembelajarannya haruslah asyik dan menyenangkan. Hal ini merupakan tantangan bagi para pendidik pada umumnya dan guru sekolah menengah pertama khususnya agar memotivasi anak didik/siswa-siswinya  untuk memiliki beberapa keahlian matematika. Keahlian matematika berupa aritmatika, algoritma angka maupun algoritma kata kata sangat penting saat menyelesaikan soal-soal matematika terlebih soal cerita atau soal yang membutuhkan daya nalar (logika) yang benar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki kesulitan siswa dalam kemampuan aritmatika, algoritma angka dan algoritma kata-kata saat menyelesaikan permasalahan (problem-solving) matematika dan menemukan metode pembelajaran matematika yang dapat membantu siswa SATAP SMPN 6 Kupang Tengah dalam menyelesaikan persoalan matematika berdasarkan atas aspek aritmatika, algoritma angka dan algoritma kata. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kemampuan Algoritma kata dalam menyelesaikan persoalan matematika sangat dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan dalam menyelesaikan masalah non verbal (mampu berlogika), kemampuan algoritma angka dan memori jangka panjang (secara langsung maupun tidak langsung) sedangkan aritmatika dan kerja memori berpengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap kemampuan algoritma kata (menyusun prosedur dalam penyelesaian soal cerita matematika). Dan juga perlu adanya penerapan metode yang menarik yaitu metode tanya jawab supaya mahasiswa lebih aktif dalam mengungkapkan pendapat serta metode permainan matematika yang menggunakan kemampuan berlogika seperti quis-quis (asah otak atau teka-teki) matematika sederhana.
Transição da norma ABNT NBR ISO 14001 versão 2004 para versão 2015 e proposta de atualização da matriz de aspectos e impactos ambientais de uma concessionária de rodovias
Authors: Pasqualin Machado Luiz Eduardo , Da Silva Rodrigues Magali
Published: December 2019

Com a crescente preocupação ambiental nas últimas décadas, as organizações passaram a dar maior importância às práticas sustentáveis. Surgem as Normas para os Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental (SGA), estabelecendo requisitos no intuito de prover às organizações uma estrutura para a proteção do meio ambiente. Mais de vinte anos após a primeira publicação, a ISO 14001 chega a sua terceira versão (2015), com o objetivo de se permanecer relevante durante as próximas décadas. A implantação de um SGA tem por premissa a identificação dos aspectos e impactos ambientais, o que representa o processo inicial exigido na implantação da Norma. Nesta edição, essa fase apresenta provavelmente a maior mudança em relação à versão anterior, devido à perspectiva do ciclo de vida. Este trabalho identifica as mudanças oriundas da edição 2015 e atualiza o levantamento de aspectos e impactos ambientais das principais atividades realizadas pela Triunfo Concepa, empresa do ramo de concessão e exploração de rodovias, certificada pela versão 2004 da Norma. Com a inserção de novos critérios para a avaliação dos impactos ambientais e a reconsideração dos aspectos atrelados à operação de uma rodovia, este trabalho pretende servir de apoio para que a organização estudada realize a transição para a última versão.