bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on optimizing the morphological status in a category of adult population by means of therapeutic swimming
Authors: Vizitiu Elena , Dobrescu Tatiana , Slusar Adriana
Published: April 2023

Obesity can contribute to the development of other serious conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and some types of cancer. The work aims to assess and analyze the morphological state of the subjects, in order to improve their health by using specific exercises in therapeutic swimming, for 16 weeks. Research involves identifying the body mass index category (BMI) of subjects and determining the level of body composition before and after the therapeutic swimming program. Following the initial tests, only 8 women were selected who met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently subjected to the study. In conclusion, the results show that the body fat indicator decreased significantly between the initial and final testing, the bone density indicator did not show a significant difference, and the indicators of mineralization, muscle mass and physical rating also recorded significant increases in.
Hypertensive Disorder in Pregnancy and Pre-eclampsia
Authors: Abdullah Shaymaa Obaid , Hadi Amerah Abdel , Radi Nisreen Kaddim
Published: April 2023

Background: Frequently, hypertension (high blood pressure) or its disorder occurs during pregnancy, and it remains one of the major causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity associated with pregnancy, as well as the risk of pregnant women with hypertension during pregnancy to cardiovascular disease later in life. However, contrary to the general hypertension guidelines, the reasons for this report include the benefit of normalizing treatment of high blood pressure in pregnant women and potential risks related to decreased prenatal chorionic perfusion, and exposure of the uterus to antihypertensive drugs. This approach is based on a review of previous reports and literature and includes a taxonomic review of the types of blood pressure during pregnancy, the physiological changes in pregnancy that affect blood pressure disorders, the immediate and long-term consequences of hypertension, and the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia that are related to the disturbance of proteinuria  in the body, and the goals of hypertension treatment may reduce  meternal severe effects without increased risk of pregnancy loss or neonatal care at a high level. The critical need to investigate the social and economic variables that contribute to the inequities in maternal health care is discussed in our final discussion on the field's research future.

so it is necessary to know the pressure and treat it immediately. Failure to treat high blood pressure can lead to maternal morbidity and mortality, especially during childbirth, or the loss of the fetus significantly.

   Therefore, in this mini review, we will try to discuss high blood pressure in pregnant women and determine the goals of treatment and preeclampsia caused by high blood pressure.

   The aim of the review is a quick scientific summary of this disorder that has become common at the present time.Conclusions : Medical consultation should be done in order to improve the health of the mother, as well as the use of optimal medication and pre-pregnancy management in women with or threatened with high blood pressure, and we consider it necessary to inform them of the increased risks to her health and the health of the fetus.

Strategies must be in place to predict those most at risk and to determine optimal drug therapies to minimize adverse pregnancy outcomes
The Impact of Narcissistic Behavior in Adolescence on Family Members and Friendship Relationships
Authors: İyi Tolga , Gündoğan Fethiye , Eren Emre
Published: April 2023

Narsisizm, abartılı kendini sevme ve kendine önem verme duygusu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bireyin kendi benliğine yönelik değerlendirmesinin, aşırı olumlu ve abartılı olması narsisizmin temel özelliği olarak görülmektedir.
Bu durum ise bireylerde sağlıksız ve huzursuzluk verici psikolojik gelişmeye yol açmaktadır. Narsist bireyler psikolojik durumlarını davranışları ile ele vermektedir. Onlar bu dünyada eşsiz, özel ve her konuda hak sahibi olduklarına
inanmaktadır. Narsistik davranışlar gösteren kişilerle dış çevresi, duygusal açıdan doyumlu, sağlıklı ilişkiler kurmaktan yoksundurlar. Bu yüzden ergenlikte görülen Narsistlik tespit edilip önlemi alınmazsa, bireyin sonraki yaşamında
sosyal ilişkiler kurması ve sağlıklı bir sosyal hayat yaşayabilmesi zorlaşacaktır. Aynı zamanda bu çeşit olumsuzluklar sağlıklı bir toplum yapısını da engellemektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç, 14-18 yaş aralığındaki gençlerin, narsistik
eğilimlerinin ne düzeyde olduğu ve bu eğilimlerin kişiler arası ilişkilere ne şekilde yansıdığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu şekilde Narsist bireylerin sosyal ilişkilerinde bağlanma stillerinin ne doğrultuda olduğu anlaşılacaktır. Bu
çalışmayı yaparken, 14-18 yaş aralığındaki bireylere, Patolojik Narsisizm Envanteri, İlişki Ölçekleri Anketi ve kişisel bilgi formu uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın çözümlenmesi ve verilerin analizinde SPSS 26.0 for Windows paket programı
kullanılmıştır.
Teachers' Opınions on Bullyıng Against Teachers
Authors: Çiçek Büyük Banu , Bayar Adem
Published: April 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmenlere karşı yapılan zorbalıklara ilişkin öğretmen görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma çerçevesinde olgu bilim deseni kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Amaçlı örneklem anlayışı çerçevesinde
kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme tekniği ile belirlenen katılımcılar, Tokat İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı okullarda görev yapan 10 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak elde edilmiştir.
Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmacılar analizler sonucunda katılımcıların zorbalık kavramına ilişkin tanımlarını; 1.Psikolojik- fiziksel şiddet, 2. Baskı, 3. Kişiliğini yok sayma ve 4. Kötü
davranışlara maruz bırakılma şeklinde sıralamışlardır. Ayrıca katılımcılar öğretmenlere karşı yapılan zorbalıkları; 1. Mobbing, 2. Veli dayatmaları, 3.Saygısızlık, 4. Baskı ve 5. Yalnız bırakılma olarak sıralamışlardır. Son olarak
katılımcılar, zorbalığın sebeplerine ilişkin 1. Öğretmenlik mesleğinin itibarsızlaştırılması, 2. Okul yönetimi, 3. Veli tutumları, 4. Psikolojik sıkıntılar ve 5. Ekonomik zorluklar ile zorbalığın üstesinden gelmek için yapılması
gerekenleri 1. Meslek itibarı kazandırma, 2. Bakanlık çalışmaları, 3.Eğitim verilmesi, 4. Disiplin yönetmeliğinin değişimi ve 5. Psikolojik destek şeklinde belirtmişlerdir. Yukarıdaki bulgular doğrultusunda araştırmacılar öğretmenlerin
çeşitli zorbalıklara maruz kaldığını tespit etmişler, tespit edilen bu zorbalıkların ivedilikle çözüme kavuşturulması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşmışlardır.
Event Management Measurement in Sports Events
Authors: Aydan(Silkü)Bilgilier Hidaye , Vural Figen
Published: April 2023

Spor genel olarak bireyin bireysel veya toplu olarak belirli kurallar çerçevesinde yapmış olduğu etkinlikleri ifade etmektedir. Spor etkinlikleri yönetimi ölçümleme kapsamında; spor karşılaşmalarında yer alan amatör/profesyonel ve
seyirci/katılımcı konuları, yapılan spor faaliyetinin sonuçlarının ölçümlenmesi ve bunun sonucunun aktarılması noktasında önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada geleneksel derleme modeli kullanılarak spor karşılaşmalarında etkinlik
yönetimi ölçümlemesi üzerine araştırmalar ele alınmıştır, amacı açısından betimleyici ve kullanılan teknik yönüyle de literatüre dayalı bir kuramsal tartışma sunmaktadır. Sporun hayatımızın her alanına dokunuyor oluşu, sporu izlemeyi,
spordan konuşmayı, sporun medyada yer alışını da etkilemektedir. Bu kapsamda spor karşılaşmalarının bir etkinlik yönetimi olarak ölçümlenebilmesi sporun nicelik olarak ifade edilmesinin yanında çok daha fazlasını da içermektedir.
“Ölçemediğimiz şeyi yönetemeyiz” sözünden de hareketle spor etkinliklerini yönetebilmemiz için bu etkinliklerin ölçülebilirliği üzerinde düşünüyor olmamızın da gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Dolayısıyla teknolojinin gelişmesi
ile sporla olan ilişkimiz yeniden düzenlenmiş ve böylece elde edilen verilerin spor alanına ilişkin olumlu katkıları açısından spor etkinlik yönetiminin ölçümlenmesi son derece önemli bir konuyu ifade eder hale gelmiştir.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA GUNUNG MALANG MELALUI GERAKAN MASYARAKAT SADAR STUNTING
Authors: Abdurrahman Rio , Kadarusman Muhammad Abet , K Rendra Nurramadhan , Fitri Nur , Juhaini Nur Aulia Bazighah , Restiany Restiany , Warsya Vikyatul Armelia , Nuraulia Masita , Kasipahu Asinday Manira , Destiaji Rada
Published: April 2023

Stunting saat ini masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang cukup serius. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan jumlah kasus stunting yang tinggi. untuk dapat menciptakan generasi penerus bangsa yang berkualitas Pemerintah perlu memberikan perhatian khusus pada kasus ini. Nusa Tenggara Barat menjadi salah satu provinsi dengan tingkat kasus stunting yang tinggi. Khususnya di Desa Gunung Malang, kecamatan Pringgabaya, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Dari data Puskesmas yang didapatkan setelah melakukan observasi, terdapat 47 kasus stunting. Data ini menunjukan bahwa kasus stunting di NTB khususnya Desa Gunung Malang, Kecamatan Pringgabaya masih sangat tinggi. Adapun tujuan dilakukannya pemberdayaan yaitu memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat terkait dengan apa itu stunting, bahaya stunting, cara melakukan perawatan 1000 hari pertama kehidupan bayi. Pendidikan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat melalui kegiatan demonstrasi pembuatan makanan bergizi bagi ibu hamil dan bayi, dimana makanan bergizi yang diberikan tidak selalu membutuhkan biaya yang mahal akan tetapi dengan memanfaatkan tumbuhan yang banyak tumbuh di sekitar pekarangan rumah dapat di olah menjadi makanan sehat dan bergizi. contohnya daun kelor yang di olah menjadi puding.
DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK TANAMAN RUMPUT MENDONG GUNA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MASYARAKAT DAN MENCIPTAKAN PRODUK UNGGULAN DI DESA LENEK
Authors: Makhrus Muh. , Nugraha Danang Indra , Septina Yuni , Aulia Firda , Neli Neli , Wulandari Baiq Inayang , Abdullah M. Sulthan , Zahara Intan Hardiani , Suarmini I Gusti Ayu Made , Suci Ega Nurul , Saputra Deni
Published: April 2023

Jumlah usaha mikro kecil dan menengah berdasarkan jenisnya menurut Kabupaten Kota tahun 2020 di Kabupaten Lombok Timur terdapat sebanyak 4.297 unit. Salah satu industri mikro yang ada di Lombok Timur tepatnya di Desa Lenek, Kecamatan Lenek terdapat industri kerajinan yang diberi nama tikar mendong. Anyaman tikar mendong ini seiring berjalannya waktu dengan beberapa permasalahan yang ada membuat minat para perajin untuk membuat anyaman ini mulai redup. Mahasiswa KKN-Tematik Universitas Mataram Desa Lenek memiliki inisiatif untuk berkontribusi dalam penyelesaian masalah yang ada, yaitu dengan mengadakan pelatihan diversifikasi anyaman tikar mendong menjadi produk-produk yang dibutuhkan konsumen dan berdaya jual tinggi. Pelatihan dilakukan selama tiga hari berturut-turut dan dapat dikatakan berhasil, dengan pencapaian yaitu kemampuan para perajin dalam membuat beberapa produk dari bahan dasar tanaman mendong. Dengan kemampuan tersebut, diharapkan para perajin tetap semangat dalam melestarikan budaya-budaya yang ada di Desa Lenek.
Screening and Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Microbes of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) combats Pythium aphanidermatum
Authors:   *Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, India, U Sivakumar , G Karthikeyan ,   *Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, India, A P Sridharan ,   Biocatalysts Lab., Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, India
Published: April 2023

About 45 bacteria, 9 fungi, 3 yeast, and 1 actinobacterium were isolated from plant tissues of tomato and screened for their plant growthpromoting traits and antagonistic activity against damping-off fungus Pythium aphanidermatum. The bacterial isolate, Bacillus pumilus TEB10 exhibited pathogen inhibition of about 55 and 79%, while yeast isolate Candida tropicalis TEY1 showed 30 and 68% in the dual plate and inverted plate assay, respectively. In addition, the Bacillus pumilus TB10 showed siderophore, HCN, cellulase, and phosphate solubilization activities. Similarly, yeast isolate Candida tropicalis TEY1 exhibited catalase, phosphate, and zinc solubilization activities. The sterol biosynthesis pathway end product ergosterol was profiled in secondary metabolites of P. aphanidermatum, suggesting the potentiality of this pathogenesis.
Acute and Persistent Toxicity of Newer Insecticide Molecules Against Invasive Pest of Maize, Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith)
Authors:   1Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India, N Sathiah , N Muthukrishnan ,   2Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vazhavachanur 606 753, India, S V Krishnamoorthy ,   1Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India, S Jeyarani ,   1Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India, A Suganthi ,   1Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India, V Baskaran ,   1Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India, P S Shanmugam ,   1Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India, T Srinivasan ,   1Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India, G Arulkumar ,   1Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India, Bojan Vinothkumar ,   1Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India
Published: April 2023

Laboratory and pot culture experiments were conducted to assess the acute and persistent toxicity of new molecular insecticides against the notorious invasive pest of maize, Spodoptera frugiperda during 2020- 2021 at Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Results revealed that, the LC50 value of emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, flubendiamide and novaluron were 0.05, 4.08, 0.1, 85.89 and 0.91 ppm, respectively for second instar larvae and 0.03, 5.63, 0.02, 162.99 and 0.99 ppm for third instar larvae of fall armyworm. Among insecticides tested emamectin benzoate and spinetoram showed high toxicity to S. frugiperda than other insecticides by registering a minimum LC50 value. But in the persistent toxicity studies, the same insecticides showed less persistence on maize crop. Hence, insecticides like flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole need to be recommended in the early stage of the crop period (within 20 days after sowing) and less persistent insecticides viz., emamectin benzoate and spinetoram should be recommended in the middle stage (25 to 40 days) of the maize crop for the management of S. frugiperda so that the residues may not accumulate in the harvested produce both in the stalk and grain.
Spin supercurrent in ecology
Authors: Liudmila Borisovna Boldyreva
Published: April 2023

Background: This work aims to show that the process of transfer of angular momentum ‑ spin supercurrent ‑ may provide the fulfillment of the fundamental law of ecology: “Everything is connected to everything else”. Results: The conducted investigations are based on the following properties of spin supercurrent: the equalization of the characteristics of interacting objects’ spins; dissipation-free; inertia-free (it is not accompanied by the emergence of kinetic mass); superluminal speed (there is no contradiction with Special Relativity, as Special Relativity postulates the speed limit only for an inertial process). The spin supercurrent emerges between virtual photons having a spin and being created by quantum objects of different types: living and non-living, electrically charged and neutral, magnetized and non-magnetized, having non-zero rest mass and having zero rest mass (such as photons). Conclusion: It is shown in this work that the properties of spin supercurrent may determine the following phenomena in ecology: the mimicry of animals and plants; the contactless (without living pathogenic microorganisms) spread of epidemics; the influence of the terrain relief on the population longevity; the use of water as information matrix; the stabilization of energy in the Earth’s core. Since the spin supercurrent possesses such properties as dissipative-free, superluminal speed, the non-electric and non-magnetic nature, it may perform interaction (quantum teleportation) of quantum objects between the Earth and Cosmic bodies. Thus, the extension of the biosphere’s border to Outer Space is possible.
Gyroscope oscillation depends on a rotor speed velocity
Authors: Ryspek Usubamatov
Published: April 2023

In engineering, all moving rotating objects exhibit gyroscopic effects resulting from the action of an external torque on a rotating object. Gyroscopic effects are the action of a set of inertial moments and movements of an object around three axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. Moments of inertia are created by centrifugal and Coriolis forces, as well as the moment of change in angular momentum, which is expressed by their kinetic energy. The values of the moments of inertia directly depend on the speed of rotation of the object and its rotation around the axes. A short-term effect of an external load on a running gyroscope with displaced support can be manifested by its oscillations. The physics of gyroscope oscillations is not well explained in publications. This article describes the oscillations of a gyroscope by the action of the external torque which is its potential energy converting into kinetic energy of the inertial torques of the gyroscope. The conversion is carried out by the principle of mechanical energy conservation which is the same as for oscillations of a spring with a load.
olhar contemplativo de Maria Madalena em Jo 20,11-18
Authors: Silva Nelson Maria Brechó da , Dias Tiago Cosmo da Silva
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo aborda o encontro entre o Ressuscitado e Maria Madalena. O método utilizado consiste na análise exegética, que se desdobra em três partes: texto e Sitz-im-Leben (contexto vital) da perícope Jo 20,11-18; comentário exegético-teológico; pragmática e hermenêutica. Procura-se evidenciar muitas coincidências com a segunda narração da criação, do livro de Gênesis (2-3): ambos os episódios se dão num jardim (cf. Gn 2,8; Jo 19,41); Maria Madalena confunde Jesus com o jardineiro (cf. Jo 20,15b), função que, na primeira criação, é do próprio Deus, o Criador (Gn 2,8). De fato, no auge de sua tristeza, Maria não contempla outra postura para Jesus a não ser deitado e imóvel, sem vida. Por isso, Jesus precisa dizer: “Não me toques, pois ainda não subi ao meu pai” (Jo 20,17). O relato se encerra com o anúncio da proximidade: “Vi o Senhor” (Jo 20,18). Desse modo, constata-se que o olhar contemplativo alarga a visão do discipulado feminino na sociedade e na pastoral católica.

Palavras-chave: Nova Criação; Maria Madalena; Ressuscitado; Discipulado feminino.

Abstract: This article addresses the encounter between the Risen One and Mary Magdalene. The method used consists of exegetical analysis, which unfolds in three parts: text and Sitz-im-Leben (vital context) of the pericope Jn 20,11-18; exegetical-theological commentary; pragmatics and hermeneutics. We try to highlight many coincidences with the second account of creation, in the book of Genesis (2-3): both episodes take place in a garden (cf. Gn 2,8; Jn 19,41); Mary Magdalene confuses Jesus with the gardener (cf. Jn 20,15b), a role which, in the first creation, belongs to God himself, the Creator (Gn 2,8). In fact, at the height of her sadness, Mary contemplates no other posture for Jesus than lying down and motionless, lifeless. Therefore, Jesus needs to say: “Touch me not, for I have not yet ascended to my Father” (Jn 20,17). The account ends with the announcement of proximity: “I have seen the Lord” (Jn 20,18). Thus, it appears that the contemplative gaze broadens the vision of female discipleship in society and in Catholic pastoral care.

Keywords: New creation; Mary Magdalene; Risen; Female discipleship.
mística feminina de Chiara Lubich e a busca do “sujeito comunitário” para a libertação integral
Authors: Fernandes Márcio Luiz , Santana Cleiton Costa de
Published: April 2023

A mística de Chiara Lubich, segundo o teólogo argentino Juan Carlos Scannone, possui um elemento social e coletivo que pode ser uma contribuição à teologia latino-americana para o desenvolvimento de uma antropologia teológica de caráter trinitário, capaz de ressaltar o aspecto comunional do sujeito da libertação integral. Neste artigo, resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, contextualizamos, delineamos e descrevemos os principais aspectos da experiência mística de Chiara Lubich, indicando sua autocompreensão de mística e seu pensamento acerca da presença de Jesus em meio às relações sociais e seu potencial transformador da sociedade.

Palavras-chave: Chiara Lubich; Scannone; Comunhão; Mística; Sujeito coletivo.

Abstract: The mystical expirence of Chiara Lubich, according to Juan Carlos Scannone, has a social and collective element that could be a contribution to Latin American theology for the development of a theological anthropology with a trinitarian character, capable of highlighting the communional aspect of the subject of full liberation. In this paper, the result of bibliographical and documentary research, we contextualize, outline and describe the main aspects of Chiara Lubich’s mystical experience, indicating her self-understanding of mystic and her thinking about the presence of Jesus in the social relations and its potential to transform society.

Keywords: Chiara Lubich; Scannone; Communion; Mystic; Collective subject.
Stamp Duty Tax and Growth of Economy: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Raymond A. Ezejiofor , Collins Apete
Published: April 2023

This study looked at the impact of the Nigerian stamp duty tax on the growth of the economy. Time series data were employed spanning the years 1999-2020. For various years, related data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, the Bureau of National Statistics, and Federal Inland Revenue Service reports. E-view 9.0 was used to test the hypothesis using the ordinary least square. The study outcome revealed that stamp duty has an insignificant and positive impact on Nigeria’s economic growth. It was recommended that the government improve public entities and provide strong government investment as a source of domestic revenue generated from various business activities.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy About 20 cases
Authors: H Ouasif  , A qaba  , H ouadiaa  , A soumani  , S Sayagh
Published: April 2023

Our retrospective study concerned acute hepatic steatosis in pregnancy: diagnostic problems, severity and therapeutic perspectives in the Moroccan context. It concerns a series of 20 cases of SHAG collected in the department of gynecology-obstetrics and maternal resuscitation of the CHU MOHAMED VI in Marrakech over a 5-year period from January 2017 to December 2021. We included in this sample women admitted during pregnancy or post partum for management of SHAG. In our series, the frequency of SHAG was 1 case per 4340 deliveries. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 45 years, with an average of 28 years and an average gestational age of 32 days and 3 weeks. Thus the majority of patients were multiparous and multigestational with a frequency of 55%. Clinically: polyuria-polydipsia syndrome was present in 20% of patients, nausea-vomiting in 70% and epigastralgia in 60%. Biologically: Hypoglycaemia present in 60%, hyperleukocytosis in 85%, creatinine level above 12mg/l in 70%, hyperuricaemia in 75%, hepatic cytolysis in 90%, hyper bilirubinaemia in 95% with conjugated predominance, prolonged PT in 50% and hyperammonia in 10%. Concerning complications, acute fulminant liver failure was observed in 30% of our patients, it is the most serious and fatal complication. The therapeutic management of SHAG requires, in addition to uterine evacuation associated with adequate medical and surgical resuscitation.
The infrastructural supply and demand of the 26333 system of education: A cursory look on the “Junior” and “Senior” secondary school in Keiyo South
Authors: Isabellah Wainaina  , David Maboko Nassiuma
Published: April 2023

The junior and senior secondary schools represent one important facet in the 26333 curriculum. They will expose the learner to a broad based curriculum to enable them to explore their own abilities, personality and potential as a basis for choosing subjects according to career paths of interest. Of key interest in this paper is the core subject; Sports and Physical Education and optional subjects; Visual Arts, Performing Arts, Home Science, Computer Science and Foreign Languages in which learners are provided with an opportunity to choose according to abilities, interests and career choices. Hitherto the new curriculum, various challenges pose a profound threat to the 26333 education system. Key among them is the infrastructure of schools that is not well established in the secondary schools that will be essential in identification of talent among learners through the subjects mentioned. This implies that some students will miss out on their career progression due to low quality services unless necessary interventions are made. This paper therefore set out to examine whether the school infrastructural system supports development of students varied abilities and to make recommendations on appropriate ways of developing various students’ abilities. Survey research design was used. The stratified and proportionate sampling was used to select 14 schools. Respondents included 14 head teachers. Interview schedules, library methods and observation schedules were used to get information. The findings established that the schools had inadequate infrastructure. It is recommended that, school administration should strive to partner with different stakeholders to develop infrastructure to enhance students’ participation.
Discurso e poder: uma reflexão acerca da importância das contribuições filosóficas e discursivas para repensar questões atuais relativas à identidade da literatura
Authors: Santos Pâmela C. Damasceno dos
Published: April 2023

Em face do império de uma rede de práticas discursivas, em uma conjuntura social na qual os discursos se erigem revestidos por ‘poderes’ e ‘perigos’, o conhecimento perderia sua legitimidade se destituído da áurea de poder que, inevitavelmente, o atravessa. Inscrito nesse contexto, o lócus do verdadeiro, tão somente, refrata uma perspectiva gerada pelos discursos – os enunciados vigentes delimitam seus contornos a partir de construções historicamente instituídas e legitimadas, saberes cristalizados que, sustentados por um sistema de instituições, fundamentam as práticas sociais. Os efeitos desse dispositivo de saber discursivo se projetam sobre o homem, configurando uma verdadeira violência discursiva, impondo-lhe mecanismos de interdição, coerção e assujeitamento às regras de controle hegemônicas. Tendo em vista as considerações aludidas, o presente trabalho propõe-se a repensar questões relativas às práticas críticas na academia, ampliando um posicionamento estratégicocrítico e reflexivo para com os sistemas literários em curso.
Febre Harry Potter: uma revisão sobre os cânones do futuro
Authors: Campos Roberto Rodrigues
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho pretende favorecer a discussão sobre o “ideal” de clássico a partir do leitor, tendo em vista a recepção de literaturas de entretenimento, como a série Harry Potter, que se configura como fenômeno literário e cultural, bem como confrontar este tipo de estrutura literária com a produção maciça do estereótipo existente de cânone literário, reavaliando a recepção da série Harry Potter, num momento em que o processo canônico literário assume um perfil dialético, frente ao consumo ávido de uma literatura de entretenimento.
Questionando alguns argumentos-base que sustentam um tipo de discurso humorístico politicamente incorreto
Authors: Gruda Mateus Pranzetti Paul
Published: April 2023

O discurso humorístico e seus mecanismos de funcionamento estão altamente difundidos nas mais diversas práticas e discursos correntes (propaganda, jornalismo, meio político, entre tantos outros). Dentre suas manifestações particulares, o tipo de humor tido como mais transgressivo é aquele vinculado ao chamado politicamente incorreto, o qual, em tese, não faria concessões ou respeitaria quaisquer dos limites impostos pelo corpo social. Entretanto, propomos neste artigo uma clivagem entre um humorismo politicamente incorreto acrítico e um humorismo politicamente incorreto crítico, refletindo mais atentamente acerca da primeira categoria, a qual se assenta, principalmente, sob os argumentos de que "piadas são só piadas" e de que a liberdade de expressão é alguma coisa de caráter completamente ilimitado.
From the History of Abkhaz Romanized Alphabets
Authors: Chirikba Viacheslav
Published: April 2023

The article discusses the vicissitudes around the adoption of two versions of the Abkhaz alphabet based on the Latin script – the ‘analytical’ alphabet, proposed by Academician Nikolai Marr (adopted in 1926 and used until 1928), and the ‘unified alphabet’, which replaced Marr’s alphabet. Marr’s system was, in fact, nothing more than a phonetic transcription, complex and inconvenient even for linguists, and unfit for school and literary purposes, which motivated the Abkhaz authorities to opt for its radical reform. The new Romanized alphabet was introduced into school practice in 1929 and functioned until 1938. There is some controversy as to the authorship of this script. In later literature it was attributed to N. Yakovlev, but in reality those who were directly involved in the creation of the new alphabetical system were Y. Polivanov, S. Chanba and M. Khashba, though the latter two did consult with Yakovlev. The fact that both Polivanov and Chanba were executed during Stalinist purges may explain the silencing of their names. By the mid-1930s, the Soviet government had started replacing Latin scripts with Cyrillic-based ones, but with two notable exceptions: in 1938, the alphabets of the Abkhazians and South Ossetians were transferred into a Georgian graphic basis. It was only in 1954, after the death of Stalin, that the Abkhazians returned to their erstwhile Cyrillic alphabet.
Generation of critical acoustic pulses in high-voltage insulators due to induced fields of partial discharges
Authors: Golenishchev-Kutuzov V. A. , Golenishchev-Kutuzov A. V. , Semenikov A. V. , Mardanov G. D. , Kalimullin R. I. , Ivanov D. A.
Published: April 2023

THE PURPOSE of the article is to discuss an updated survey of the technical condition of porcelain high-voltage insulators of the type IOS 110/400, which had defects with partial discharge intensities above 4 nC, at Tatenergo substations. The experiments were carried out with simultaneous use of electromagnetic and acoustic research methods.

During the analysis of the RESULTS obtained, the influence of the fields of previous powerful partial discharges on the technical condition of high-voltage insulators was established. The physical features of detecting powerful partial discharges by electromagnetic and acoustic methods have been studied. The conducted studies allow us to draw the following.

CONCLUSIONS: the previous partial discharges can create additional long-lived electric fields on the dielectric surfaces of defects that exceed the field of the applied operating voltage in intensity; the necessity of using both physical methods simultaneously in the examination of high-voltage insulators in operation is shown.
Investigation of a horizontal low power wind turbine
Authors: Shamanin S. Yu. , Blinov V. L. , Savchenko V. V. , Brodov Yu. M.
Published: April 2023

THE PURPOSE. Development and creation of an experimental stand, carrying out a full-scale experiment, verification the numerical model of a NREL S809 airfoil based on its dimensionless characteristics, analyze the flow around the airfoil at different angles of attack.

METHODS. A technique for studying the flow structure around a wind turbine using numerical methods of gas dynamics based on solving the system of Navier-Stokes equations is considered. Mathematical modeling methods were used using the k-ε and SST turbulence model.

RESULTS. In this study, a laboratory stand is designed using CAD systems and created using additive FDM printing technologies An experimental study of the dependence of the rotation speed on the blade angle and the resulting voltage in the electric system, the change in the power factor and efficiency of a wind power plant depending on the wind speed was carried out.

CONCLUSION. The developed wind turbine has a power of 2.6 W at a wind speed of 4 m / s. This invention is recommended for the purpose of teaching methods of design and construction of similar installations. For the developed wind turbine, it is possible to optimize the work using the method of numerical three-dimensional thermogasdynamic modeling, to evaluate the nature of the flow at off-design operating modes, which speeds up the process of creating the final installation and improves its efficiency parameters.
Pontes pedonais. O papel dos guarda corpos
Authors:   Tal Projecto, Abecasis Tiago
Published: April 2023

A ponte pedonal Pedro e Inês que cruza o Mondego, em Coimbra, projetada em 2006 pelo prof. Adão da Fonseca e pelo engenheiro Cecil Balmond e construída pela empresa Socometal, será, porventura, o exemplo português mais emblemático da relevância dos guardas corpos na imagem das pontes, mormente das pedonais. O formato e a constituição destes guardas corpos evidenciam a importância formal que a eles quiseram atribuir os projetistas da ponte. Não foram, com toda a certeza, nem critérios estáticos, nem a preocupação com a escolha da configuração mais adequada para resistir às forças neles exercidas que orientou a sua opção.
Plasma-liquid recycling of metal powder for 3D printing
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev — KAI, Gaisin Al. F. , Kayumov R. R. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev — KAI, Kuputdinova А. I. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev — KAI, Mardanov R. R. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev — KAI
Published: April 2023

The limits and prospects of plasma-liquid recycling of EOS StainlessSteel PH1 powder by processing products made by selective laser melting (SLM) on an Electro Optical Systems (EOS) 3D printer were studied. The current-voltage characteristics (CVC), types and forms of combustion of gas-discharge plasma in the process of processing products of additive manufacturing have been studied. Microphotographs of the powder were obtained by scanning electron microscopy, and the elemental and granulometric composition of the obtained powders were determined. It has been established that plasma-liquid recycling makes it possible to obtain metalic powders for the 3D printing in range from 10 to 120 microns by size.
Knowledge about Labor Influence on Primigravide Readiness for Labor
Authors: Erma Nur Fauziandari
Published: April 2023

Background: The high maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is caused by the unpreparedness of mothers in facing childbirth. Many things affect the readiness of mothers in facing childbirth. The factors that affect the readiness of the mother are knowledge, education, socio-culture and economy.
Purpose: Knowledge influences primigravida readiness to face childbirth.
Methods: This type of research is analytical research with an observational approach. Sampling was taken by purposive sampling with the criteria primigravida with a minimum gestational age of 28 weeks. Data analysis used chi square statistical analysis.
Results: The sample in this study was 53 primigravidas with the third trimester of gestation. The results of statistical tests show that the p value is 0.00 <0.05. These results suggest that the hypothesis is accepted, namely that knowledge affects primigravida readiness for labor.
Conclusion: The better the primigravida knowledge, the better prepared it will be to face childbirth.
Mother's Behavior in Breastfeeding after the Covid-19 Pandemic: a Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Reni Yuli Astutik  , Nining Istighosah  , Suci Anggraeni  , Devy Putri Nursanti  , Eri Puji Kumalasari
Published: April 2023

Background: Research related to the implementation of breastfeeding guidelines after the COVID-19 pandemic in healthy breastfeeding mothers is still minimal, even though the mother's behavior in implementing breastfeeding guidelines correctly can ensure the safety of breastfeeding.
Purpose: This study aims describe the behavior of mothers in breastfeeding during and after COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study were breastfeeding mothers who had babies aged less than 6 months who met the inclusion criteria and obtained a total of 94 respondents. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Mother's behavior in breastfeeding is categorized into good, moderate and sufficient categories. Data analysis used the wilcoxon signed ranks test to compare behavior during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: During the pandemic, the behavior of mothers in the moderate category was more than the good or sufficient category, which was 42.6%. Meanwhile, after the pandemic, there was no maternal behavior in the sufficient category, while the good category was more than the moderate category, which was 71.3%. The Wilcoxon Rank Test results obtained p-value=0.000, there was a significant difference between the behavior of mothers in breastfeeding during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: The covid-19 pandemic period for breastfeeding mothers is an external stimulus, it is hoped that mothers can make changes to the right breastfeeding pattern in accordance with health protocols as an effort to control and prevent the spread of covid-19 during the breastfeeding process, because the benefits of breastfeeding far exceed the potential for COVID-19 transmission.
Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa Kelas VIII Ditinjau dari Kemandirian Belajar
Authors: Juniansyah Juniansyah , Mariyam Mariyam , Buyung Buyung
Published: April 2023

Literasi matematis sangat diperlukan untuk menghadapi permasalahan yang ada dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun, hasil PISA 2018 menunjukkan literasi matematis siswa di Indonesia masih rendah. Setiap siswa memiliki tingkat kemandirian belajar yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan literasi matematis siswa kelas VIII ditinjau dari kemandirian belajar, dan mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal kemampuan literasi matematis ditinjau dari kemandirian belajar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 20 Singkawang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 20 Singkawang yang berjumlah 25. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah kemampuan literasi matematis siswa yang ditinjau dari kemandirian belajar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pemberian angket, tes kemampuan literasi matematis dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu 1) siswa dengan kategori kemandirian belajar yang tinggi sudah cukup mampu dalam semua proses kemampuan literasi matematis dengan baik. Untuk siswa dengan kategori kemandirian belajar sedang hanya mampu dalam proses pertama dan kedua, untuk proses ketiga siswa masih kurang dapat menjalankannya dengan baik. Kemudian untuk siswa dengan kategori kemandirian belajar rendah hanya bisa pada proses kemampuan literasi matematis yang pertama, untuk proses kedua dan ketiga siswa masih belum dapat menjalankannya dengan baik. 2) faktor yang memengaruhi kemampuan literasi matematis siswa yaitu faktor internal yang mencakup faktor intelegensi, konsentrasi, minat dan motivasi. Kemudian faktor eksternal yaitu faktor fasilitas belajar.
مدرسة المولَدين الشعرية
Authors: تقي جون محمد
Published: April 2023

يهدف البحث إلى بيان واثبات ان الشعر الذي كتبه المولدون يمثل مدرسة شعرية جديدة، وليس مجرد تجديدات مختلفة أجروها على القصيدة الجاهلية كما يذهب الباحثون جميعاً. وبهذا فنحنُ أول من سجَّل براءة اختراع جعل شعر المولدين مدرسة شعرية مستقلة عن الشعر الذي كتب في العصر الجاهلي وصدر الإسلام والعصر الأموي. واذا كتب المولدون شعرهم وفق سلائقهم الاعجمية، فانهم كتبوها وفق ظروف التطور المدني والحضاري ايضاً، لذا تبعهم الشعر العرب وانتموا لمدرستهم الشعرية حتى صارت مدرسة المولدين مدرسة الشعر العباسي كله أو أغلبه.

وقد تناولنا سمات هذه المدرسة ووجدنا أنها تقسم على قسمين (تغيير جذري) و(اضافات فرعية) وقد فصلنا فيهما. ومدرسة المولدين أثرت في الشعر العباسي فغيرته، وأثرت مكانا جغرافيا كتأثيرها في الأندلس والمغرب وغيرها، وأثرت في الزمان فاستمر تأثيرها في العصور التالية إلى عصرنا الحالي، فنحن الان يكتبون وفق مدرسة المولدين وليس وفق مدرسة الجاهليين التي لم يبق منها الا الموروث المحترم دون تقليده، واسماء محترمة كبيرة وكثيرة من الشعراء الذين لم يعد يكتب على غرارهم أحد. وهذا يؤكد ان الشعر الذي كتب في العصر العباسي هي مدرسة مستقلة متجددة.
جدلية نشأة التحولات الشكلية للخط العربي
Authors: هادي حسن حسن
Published: April 2023

تعبر مظاهر واشكال الخط العربي وتنوعاته وبناءاته المورفولوجية عن منظور ثقافي وحضاري اسهمت الشعوب السامية وبالأخص العربية منها بهيكلة وانشاء وتوضيح مدياته الوظيفية والجمالية  على مر الحقب التي توالت منذ ان وضعت للمرة الاولى الاشكال الرمزية للكتابة قيد التنفيذ ابان الحضارة السومرية والتي اطلق على تكويناتها الاشارية بـ(الكتابة المسمارية)، مروراً بتفعيل المعطيات الابجدية وانتشارها من شمال الجزيرة العربية الى باقي ارجاء العالم ، مما اسهم في بث روح الثقافة بشقيها المادي والغير مادي في ارجاء المعمورة فالبعد الحضاري للكتابة العربية بأنواعها واشكالها المختلفة تنطلي على متحاورات تاريخية جدلية انطلق البحث الحالي ليسجل مظاهرها ومعطياتها التاريخية .  وقد تكون من اربعة  فصول ، خصص الفصل الأول لبيان مشكلة البحث وأهميته ، والحاجة إليه ، وهدفه ، وحدوده الزمانية ، والمكانية ، والموضوعية فضلاً عن تحديد المصطلحات الواردة فيه ، ومن ثم الفصل الثاني الذي تألف اطاره النظري من ثلاثة مباحث هي :ـ (مفهوم التحول ومعناه ) و (عناصر الشكل واسسه وفق مبادئ التصميم) و (نظرة تاريخية على التحولات الشكلية للخط العربي) ، فيما اختص الفصل الثالث بإجراءات البحث والتي تضمنت مجتمع البحث المتكون من نماذج منتقاة من الوثائق والنقوش التاريخية والحضارية التي ظهرت في شمال وجنوب الجزيرة العربية ، وما نتج من تحولاتها الشكلية من الخطوط العربية والتي شملت (الكوفي بأنواعه ، النسخ ، الثلث ، الديواني ، الرقعة ، الفارسي)  ، وتم اختيار (3) تشكيلات خطية منها اختياراً قصدياً مثلت عينة البحث ، وقد تم تحليلها على وفق المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ، أما الفصل الرابع فقد تضمن اهم النتائج والاستنتاجات التي خلص اليها البحث .
الثقافة التنظيمية وتأثيرها في التفكير الاستراتيجي بحث ميداني لأراء عينة من مدراء الاقسام والشعب في بعض تشكيلات الجامعة التقنية الجنوبية
Authors: عواد ضميد ستار
Published: April 2023

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على ابعاد الثقافة التنظيمية والتفكير الإستراتيجي , واثر ابعاد تلك الثقافة في التفكير الاستراتيجي لدى المفكرين والمبدعين في الجامعة التقنية الجنوبية . ومن هنا تبلورت مشكلة البحث في إيجاد الاجابات عن التسائل التالي :- هل يوجد تاثير للثقافة التنظيمية في التفكير الإستراتيجي ؟ من اجل تفسير مشكلة البحث والتحقق من معالجتها , تم وضع فرضيتين احداهما تفترض وجود علاقة إرتباط بين متغيرات البحث والاخرى تفترض وجود علاقة تأثير وقد اقتصرت عينة البحث المتكونة من (30) شخصاً شملت معاوني عمداء ورؤساء اقسام علمية ومدراء شعب ووحدات لـ (3) معاهد تقنية و (2) كلية في الجامعة التقنية الجنوبية . كما ان الاداة الرئيسية لجمع البيانات المتعلقة بالجانب الميداني كانت إستمارة الاستبيان . ومن اجل التحقق من ان هناك علاقات إرتباط وتأثير ذوات دلالة معنوية بين متغيرات البحث , تم     استعمال البرنامج الإحصائي SPSS , وبعد اجراء الاختبارات المطلوبة وتحليلها , تبين ان هناك  علاقات ارتباط وتأثير ذوات دلالة معنوية عند درجة حرية (29) ومستوى دلالة ( 0.01) , في حين  خلص البحث الى جملة من التوصيات كان من أهمها :ضرورة الاهتمام بمجال الثقافة التنظيمية من قبل الادارة العليا في الجامعة التقنية الجنوبية وكذلك تبني اسلوب التفكير الإستراتيجي لحل المشكلات المستقبلية.
تحولات الفكر الفلسفي على الجسد العاري وتأثيره في النحت الأوربي المعاصر
Authors: مجيد عبد النبي صالح عبير
Published: April 2023

توصف الفنون البصرية ، بالفنون المتحركة على وفق أنظمة المعرفة التي تستعير التغيير والتحول من حالٍ الى حالٍ ، وهي بذلك ترفض الثبوت والجمود , وهذا الامر يمثل سر حيويتها ونموها، وتأكيداً للرؤية العلمية التي تصف الفن بالمعرفة الإنسانية , وهذه المعرفة لابد من دراسة تحولاتها في بنية المعرفة الفنية الجمالية , ومنها الكثير ما أثير الجدل في موضوع التحول بالفنون التشكيلية ، وعلى وفق تحولات ( الشكل ) وعلاقته في تحديد ملامح التحول الحاصل في الأساليب الفنية ، فقد يكون الشكل هو تكوين يرتبط تنوعه , بتنوع وتعدد وسائط الإظهار أو( الخامة ) في العمل الفني أو باختلاف الأفكار التي تتجسد في الأشكال المتنوعة , وفي هذا التنوع وتباين اختلاف الأفكار ، تعد دراسة شكل الجسد العاري في النحت , من الدراسات الواسعة كماً وكيفاً من حيث الشكل والمضامين المحمولة عليه ، لأنها تستعير المرجع الذي انطلقت منه ، فضلاً عن استعارتها للمؤثر الفكري الذي تتأثر به ، وبهذه الاستعارات القصدية للشكل العاري , التي لا تخلو من نزعة فنية جمالية في النحت ، يمكن تأطير مجمل بناءها للجسد العاري جماليا , لكون هذا البناء مرتبط بعلاقة الأنسان بجسده , وعلى وفق تلك التحولات في بنية الانتاج الفني العالمي ، من خلال التتابع في التحولات الفنية , نجد أن هذه الدراسة لها خصوصيتها في التحول الجمالي , لنحت الجسد العاري , فالأمر هذا يحتاج لشمولية تجّسر بين المرجع الفكري والمؤثر الفني في لحظة التتابع الجمالي ، من خلال تعبير المنظرين لها ، وعندما تتعاطى مع هذا الموقف , بطرح مسألة الوجود الإنساني , والمعيار الجمالي الذي يرتبط تارة بالظاهر وتارة بالجوهر , للجسد العاري ونقصد الجوهر الخالي من الزيف وإخفاء الحقيقة بمفهومها السلبي أو الإيجابي ، فالجسد العاري هو مفهوم جامع يعني الحالة الفيزيقية والعقلية التي نحن عليها وهذا مفهوم أشكالي  , مما يحقق نوعاً من التطور على مستوى الوعي والفكر والحركة الفنية الجمالية ، وتنامى الموقف للتطور بتباين فهمها للجسد العاري , على وفق التحولات الفكرية والعقائدية , على مستوى الوعي الثقافي والأكاديمي للمجتمع , يمكن الكشف عن حقيقة الجسد العاري , الذي يتمثل في كونه يحتل مكانة هامة في حياتنا اليومية , فهو المبدأ المنظم للفعل والهوية , التي نعرف وندرك بها الأشياء , ونصنف من خلالها الفنون , وهو أيضاً الواجهة التي تخون نوايانا الأكثر سراً , ليس غريباً أن نجد في الحديث عن الجسد العاري في الخفاء أو في العلن عنه , ولذكر سماته الجمالية.
مصلحتا المعارض والمبيعات الحكومية :( مهام الاستحداث والاجراءات الادارية التجارية ) في العراق 1959 - 1963
Authors: مخيلف جحيو عبود الجوراني رحمن , ثامر مجلي فرج الدلفي ماجد
Published: April 2023

تعد مصلحتا المعارض والمبيعات الحكومية من المؤسسات المهمة الملحقة بوزارة التجارة , اذ لا تقل تلك المؤسسات اهمية عن الوزارة نفسها , لا نها تختص في انجاز جانب معين من الاعمال المناطة بالوزارة  على وفق مبدأ التخصص في المهام والواجبات الذي تبناه النظام الاداري في العهد الجمهوري الاول , تحقيق افضل النتائج بوساطة أجهزة متمرسة في مجال اختصاصها , مستقلة اداريا وماليا ولها شخصية معنوية , لاسيما مصلحة المعارض المستحدثة بموجب القانون رقم (21) لسنة 1959 , اذ اصبحت المعارض من اهم وسائل  الدعاية والترويج  وتوسيع الروابط الاقتصادية على المستوى الدولي , ومصلحة المبيعات الحكومية العامة المستحدثة بموجب القانون (173) في نفس العام , لتأخذ على عاتقها تصريف المنتجات العراقية الفائضة عن حاجة السوق بعقد الصفقات التجارية الدولية القائمة على المنفعة المتبادلة ,وجعل استيرادات البلاد في خدمة صادراتها , فضلا عن ما تؤديه تلك المؤسسات من مهام الدعاية والتعريف لحكومة 14 تموز ونظامها السياسي , اقامة افضل العلاقات الاقتصادية والسياسية الخارجية , وطمئنت ابناء الشعب العراقي حول الوضع الاقتصادي العام في البلاد , تم تناول الموضوع بمقدمة وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة : ركز المبحث الاول على :توجهات حكومة 14 تموز 1958التنظيمية التجارية التي سبقت استحداث تلك المؤسسات , تطرق المبحث الثاني: مصلحة المعارض العامة اسباب تأسيسها وهيكلها التنظيمي والاعمال المناطة بها وبعض الفعاليات التي قامت بها على المستوين الداخلي والخارجي , عالج المبحث الثالث : مصلحة المبيعات الحكومية العامة ودوافع تشكيلها وبنائها التنظيمي والمهام الادارية الواجب القيام بها وما حققته من انجازات اقتصادية للبلاد , وهنا نود ان نبين ان المؤسسات الملحقة بالوزارات بحاجة الى دراسات مستقلة لأنها ابنية متخصصة بجانب معين داخل البناء العام (الوزارة ) وهي جديرة بالدراسة, بالرغم من الصعوبات التي تواجه الباحث في مثل تلك الدراسات التي تتناول الجوانب الادارية .