bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis Contable y Financiero: Una Herramienta Clave Para La Eficiente Gestión Financiera Y Contable En La Empresa/Accounting and Financial Analysis: A Key Tool for Efficient Financial and Accounting Management in the Company
Authors: Riera Riera B. , Alarcón Muñoz N. , Jiménez Zavala N. , Cevallos Vallejo J.
Published: January 2020

El análisis financiero y contable es fundamental para evaluar el rendimiento real económico, financiero y contable de una empresa, detectar dificultades y aplicar las medidas correctivas necesarias para resolverlos. La información contable que se refleja en los estados financieros como el balance general, cuenta de resultados, y el estado de flujos de efectivo en forma de datos resumidos. Sin embargo, para que los datos sean útiles para los usuarios de los estados financieros y contables, deben estar claramente analizados. Algunas de las maneras de analizar incluyen el uso de ratios, análisis de flujo de efectivo y análisis vertical y horizontal. De este contexto, en este estudio se evaluó la importancia del análisis financiero y contable como una herramienta clave para administrar la empresa eficientemente. El estudio fue analítico en el ámbito de aplicación con diseño documental basado en los fundamentos teóricos de diversos autores. Los resultados más relevantes del análisis indicaron que las empresas, privadas, instituciones públicas y de gobierno hacen hincapié en el uso de análisis de estados financieros como una herramienta para determinar la liquidez, solvencia, precio de las acciones, rentabilidad, crecimiento del negocio y pronósticos.
The financial and accounting analysis is fundamental to evaluate the real economic, financial and accounting performance of a company, detect difficulties and apply the necessary corrective measures to solve them. The accounting information in the form of financial statements such as the balance sheet, income statement, and the statement of cash flows in the form of summary data. However, for the data to be useful for the users of the financial and accounting statements they must be analyzed. Some of the ways to analyze include the use of ratios, cash flow analysis and vertical and horizontal analysis. In this context, this study will evaluate the importance of financial and accounting analysis as a key tool to manage the company efficiently. The study will be analytical in the scope of application with documentary design based on the theoretical foundations of various authors. The most relevant results of the analysis indicate that companies, private, public and government institutions emphasize the use of financial statement analysis as a tool to determine liquidity, solvency, share price, profitability, business growth and forecasts.
Palabras clave: contable, financiero, eficiencia, gestión, empresa.
Keywords: accounting, financial, efficiency, management, company.
La construcción de políticas públicas para promover las microfinanzas como estrategia para la erradicación de la pobreza/The construction of public policies to promote microfinance as a strategy for the eradication of poverty
Authors: Orozco Carrillo J. , Logroño Rodríguez F. , Alarcón Muñoz N. , Armijos Núñez D.
Published: January 2020

Varios factores determinan el crecimiento y desarrollo de aspectos sociales y económicos de la sociedad. La pobreza es uno de los principales obstáculos de alcanzar el grado máximo de este crecimiento. Se han implementado diversas estrategias para erradicar la pobreza y las instituciones microfinancieras se dicen que juegan un papel significativo en la reducción de la pobreza. Sin embargo, no es la única solución a este problema. Este trabajo pretende evaluar el impacto, estrategias y retos del sector de microfinanzas. Este artículo también evaluará el impacto de las regulaciones del gobierno sobre el crecimiento del sector micro financiero. Estos elementos se discuten en las secciones de metodología y discusión largamente. Los artículos evaluados en este trabajo llevaron a la conclusión de que el micro financiamiento instituciones juega un gran papel en la reducción de la pobreza, pero también es una necesidad para la sociedad a depender de otras estrategias para hacer frente a este problema. Además, también se concluye que diversos factores influyen en el éxito de las instituciones microfinancieras como las regulaciones gubernamentales y las sociedades en los que operan.
Several factors determine the growth and development of social and economic aspects of society. Poverty is one of the main obstacles to achieving the maximum degree of this growth. Various strategies have been implemented to eradicate poverty and microfinance institutions are said to play a significant role in reducing poverty. However, it is not the only solution to this problem. This paper aims to evaluate the impact, strategies and challenges of the microfinance sector. This article will also assess the impact of government regulations on the growth of the microfinance sector. These elements are discussed in the methodology and discussion sections at length. The articles evaluated in this paper led to the conclusion that microfinance institutions play a great role in reducing poverty, but it is also a need for society to depend on other strategies to deal with this problem. In addition, it is also concluded that various factors influence the success of microfinance institutions such as government regulations and the societies in which they operate.
Palabras clave: políticas publicas, microfinanzas, estrategia, erradicación, pobreza.
Keywords: public policies, microfinance, strategy, eradication, poverty.
Gestión eficiente de las economías locales a través de estrategias administrativas/Efficient management of local economies through administrative strategies
Authors: Melendres Medina E. , Campaña Lara M. , Flores Dávila J. , Acosta Velarde R.
Published: January 2020

La gestión de la economía local plantea retos al integrarse al sector productivo como uno de sus ejes de crecimiento, este estudio plantea un análisis de la dinámica de estrategias administrativas aplicadas en las microempresas de la ciudad de Macas y su incidencia en la eficiencia para promover el desarrollo del espacio, convirtiéndose éstas en las dos variables de estudio: la gestión de las economías locales y las estrategias administrativas, la metodología de trabajo a utilizar comienza definiendo una investigación de tipo cuantitativa y cualitativa, no experimental, denostándose su independencia a través del método Chi cuadrado determinándose que menos del 50% de negocios aplica algún tipo de estrategia administrativa con una incidencia directa en la gestión de la economía local que trabaja de manera aislada del sector productivo creándose una herramienta a través de la cual se pueda crear una sinergia para lograr el objetivo común que permita eficiencia en el mercado y la gestión pública.
Efficient management of local economies through administrative strategies is a stady of the management of the local economy poses challenges when integrating into the productive sector as one of its growth axes, this study proposes an analysis of the dynamics of administrative strategies applied in the micro enterprises of the city of Macas and its impact on efficiency to promote the development of space, these becoming the two variables of study: the management of local economies and administrative strategies, the work methodology to be used begins defining a quantitative and qualitative research, not experimental, denoting its independence through the method Chi square determining that less than 50% of businesses apply some kind of administrative strategy with a direct impact on the management of the local economy that works in isolation from the productive sector, creating a tool through which synergy can be created to achieve the common goal that allows efi science in the market and public management.
Palabras clave: Administración, Economía, desarrollo, negocios, gestión, estrategias.
Keywords: Administration, Economy, development, business, management, strategies.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN COMMUNITIES IN THE DISASTER RESPONSE AREA (CASE STUDY: KELURAHAN CAWANG, EAST JAKARTA, DKI JAKARTA)
Authors: Maarif Syamsul , Ayu Puspito Sari Deffi
Published: January 2020

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research is to analyze the characteristics of urban communities in the disaster response area to tackle floods.

Methodology: In principle, this study uses an approach based on qualitative research. The area that is the background of this study includes the Cawang Village area which is prone to flooding. Sources of data in this study were interviewees who were community leaders who had lived for more than 20 years and local RT/RW devices.

Main Findings: From the results of the research obtained, based on the experience of the residents, two of the largest outflows of capital were obtained, namely social capital and human capital, while the least capital outflows were natural capital.

Applications of this study: The characteristics of urban communities in the disaster response area are kelurahan cawang, East Jakarta, and dki Jakarta.

Novelty/Originality of this study: There are 2 capital components of SLA which are human capital and social capital. While the natural capital component is the lowest compared to the others, are physical capital and financial capital; and have a good early warning system with the existence of a communication network from BPBD to RT, RW, and PB2M.
CONSUMER JOURNEY OF CULINARY PRODUCTS THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA IN INDONESIA
Authors: Aisyah Dwityas Nindyta , Briandana Rizki , Aulia Pramitha
Published: January 2020

Purpose of the study: This research was conducted with the aim of finding the pattern or model of the consumer journey, particularly the consumer decision-making processes for culinary products among the JKTFoodbang community on Instagram. Methodology: The method used in this research is a qualitative method in which this research emphasizes the meaning and process rather than the results of an activity. Main Findings: Social media is able to facilitate all stages in the consumer journey, particularly in the consumption process of culinary products. Applications of this study: This research will contribute to the knowledge of the concept in Indonesia and technology. The results of this study can be beneficial for marketers, society and stakeholders. Which is Social media is able to facilitate all. Novelty/Originality of this study: The diversity of information sources and content on social media provides more strength for consumers, particularly Millennials to make the consumption decisions of culinary products. Despite it has great potential, social media cannot stand alone in the context of facilitating all stages in the consumer journey, particularly for consumers of culinary products.
Patterns of Prosthetic Treatment Modalities in Implant Dentistry in a Saudi Population
Authors: Al-Safadi Rahaf , Al-Gannass Thamer , Al-Baraki Abdullah , Fnais Naif Bin , Abomelha Abdullah , Al-Shuaibi Mohammad , Hamami Alfadhel , Al-Turki Reem , Al-Sugair Hanin , Mohammed Randa
Published: January 2020

Aim:The aim of this study was to detect and describe the patterns of implant prosthetic treatment modalities placed in partially and fully edentulous Saudi patients restored with dental implants in Saudi Arabia, and to detect the status of the health insurance covering dental implants in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods: 520 Saudi patients aged ≥18 years residing in Saudi Arabia and treated with at least one dental implant done in dental health premises in Saudi Arabia were randomly included in the study. Clinical and radiographic examination were used to detect implant prostheses types (single-tooth implant, implant-supported long or short span conventional fixed bridge, implant overdenture). The health insurance covering dental implants was detected too. The data obtained including age, gender, systemic disease, and tobacco smoking were documented in a patient examination form then statistically analyzed using Chi-Square Test and U-Test.

Results: The most frequently tooth type replaced by dental implants was the molars (45.5%), followed by premolars (40%), incisors (7.7%), and canines (6.8%); mandibular first molars were the most common tooth type replaced by implants. Single-tooth implant was the most common prosthetic treatment modality (85.2%), followed by implant-supported short span conventional fixed bridge (9.8%), implant overdenture (2.8%), and implant-supported long span conventional fixed bridge (2.2%). The majority of implant overdenture prostheses were seen in the age group ≥ 60 years. Implant-supported long span fixed bridge prostheses were more in patients aged ≥ 50 years than in patients aged < 50 years, while single-tooth implant prostheses were more in patients aged < 50 years than in patients aged ≥ 50 years. Of all teeth types replaced by dental implants, molars were the most common type seen in implant-supported long span fixed bridges and in single-tooth implants, whereas canines were the most common type seen in overdentures. There was an insignificant difference in the median number of dental implants between males and females.

Conclusion: Single-tooth implant is major. Health insurance policy doesn’t cover dental implants in Saudi Arabia.

Keywords: Implant, Modalities, Prostheses/Prosthetic, Type
A (semi)formação na Educação Ambiental Universitária: tensionamentos a partir de um estudo empírico sob a ótica da Teoria Crítica
Authors: Sudan Daniela Cássia , Zuin Vânia Gomes
Published: January 2020

A formação socioambiental, na vertente critica de Educação Ambiental, aponta para reflexões e ações emancipatórias em âmbito individual e coletivo, na busca por transformar realidades degradantes da vida em todas as suas formas e sentidos. No entanto, os processos de ensino têm conduzido à semiformação na atualidade, numa sociedade que coloca inúmeros obstáculos para a concretização da emancipação, na perspectiva da Teoria Crítica. Objetivamos discutir neste artigo dados derivados de um estudo sobre um Projeto Universitário de Educação Ambiental de cunho emancipatório de uma instituição Pública de Educação Superior/IES do Estado de São Paulo / Brasil. A partir da matriz teórico-metodológica da pesquisa-ação-participante adotada pelo projeto da IES de interesse, traduzida pelo grupo coordenador como “pessoas que aprendem participando”, coloca-se em xeque “o que e como se aprende fazendo” em capilaridade, diante de barreiras burocráticas, hierárquicas, político-econômicas e pedagógicas encontradas no decorrer do projeto. A orientação metodológica deste estudo pautou-se em pesquisa participante e na análise textual discursiva. Dentre os resultados, identificam-se leituras diferenciadas do projeto da IEA pautado na pesquisa-ação-participante, em que o “aprender-fazendo” se revela com uma práxis em relação com ações transformadoras, educação popular e reflexão crítica, ao mesmo tempo em que oscila no referido projeto, um ativismo pragmático. De forma geral, a educação ambiental em capilaridade estudada apontou para a potencialização da autonomia e da liberdade na instituição. Fica o desafio de manter e aprofundar reflexões e ações críticas, como resistência à semiformação nos processos de educação ambiental em universidades.
Regional anaesthesia in pregnant women with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Bautin A. E. , Bel'skih Yu. N. , Moskalenko V. V. , Frederiks E. V. , Yakybov A. V. , Pozhidaeva A. M. , Aram-Balik N. V. , Radovskaya V. V. , Merkulova L. G. , Abutalimova N. R. , Mazurok V. A.
Published: January 2020

Background. Currently in developed countries, up to 4 % of pregnant women have cardiovascular diseases, which are one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Anesthesia method have an important role in the abdominal delivery in this category of patients.

 Objective. To summarize the experience of different anesthesia approaches to abdominal delivery in pregnant women with cardiovascular diseases.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the use of various methods of anesthesia during abdominal delivery of pregnant women with cardiovascular diseases was performed.

Results. In “Maternity Hospital № 13” and the Almazov National Medical Research Centre for the period from 2014 to 2018 2140 abdominal deliveries were carried out in pregnant women with heart diseases (1450 and 690, respectively). In the Maternity Hospital №13 1374 (94.8 %) of abdominal deliveries were performed under regional anesthesia, 76 (5.2 %) under general anesthesia. In Almazov National Medical Research Centre 513 (74.3 %) of abdominal deliveries were performed under regional anesthesia, 177 (25.7 %) under general anesthesia. The features of the hemodynamic profile of general and regional anesthesia in pregnant women with various heart disease are presented.

Conclusion. In pregnant women with heart disease, up to 88 % of cesarean section are performed under regional anesthesia. General anesthesia is used for contraindications to regional anesthesia, as well as for obstetric indications. The use of advanced monitoring, methods of slow titration of local anesthetic dose and the use of vasopressors allow to avoid hemodynamic disorders in patients with concomitant heart disease.
Fronteras de la minería en la Patagonia sur Argentina
Authors: Schweitzer Alejandro Fabián
Published: January 2020

ResumenLa Patagonia sur es desde la década de 1990 territorio de expansión de la minería por parte de grandes capitales transnacionales. Con yacimientos a ambos lados de la cordillera de los Andes, se trata de una actividad inscrita en dinámicas globales de avance de las fronteras de mercantilización de la naturaleza, potenciada por reformas neoliberales. Luego de más de veinte años, los dispositivos que deberían apuntar a aprovechar la renta minera para mejorar las condiciones de reproducción de la población, muestran que estos objetivos no solo no se cumplieron sino que redundaron en empeoramiento de esta situación. En este trabajo se expone un marco para interpretar estos procesos, en un segundo momento se describe el estado actual de la minería en la Patagonia sur y en particular en la Provincia de Santa Cruz, y en tercer lugar algunas de las consecuencias sociales de los problemas ambientales provocados por la actividad así como el estado actual de las resistencias. Al fnalizar se aportan algunas reﬂexiones a modo de conclusión.Palavras clave: Producción del espacio. Fronteras. Mercantilización de la naturaleza. Minería metalífera. Hidrocarburos. Patagonia sur.BORDERS OF MINING IN SOUTH PATAGONIA ARGENTINAAbstractSince the 1990s, southern Patagonia has been a territory for the expansion of mining by large transnational capitals. With deposits on both sides of the Andes mountain range, it is an activity inscribed in global dynamics of advancing the frontiers of the commodification of nature, promoted by neoliberal reforms. After more than twenty years, the devices that should aim to take advantage of the mining income to improve the reproduction conditions of the population, show that these objectives were not only not fulfilled, but also led to a worsening of this situation. In this work a framework is presented to interpret these processes, in a second moment the current state of mining in Patagonia and in particular in the Province of Santa Cruz is described and in third place some of the social consequences of the environmental problems provoked by the activity as well as the current state of the resistances. When finalizing some reflections are contributed by way of conclusion.Keywords: Production of space. Borders. Commodification of nature. Metalliferous mining. hydrocarbons. Southern Patagonia.
Monaster bazylianów w Werchracie w świetle dokumentów sporządzonych przed jego kasatą w 1808 r.
Authors: Ujma Magdalena
Published: January 2020

W roku 1808 zostały sporządzone inwentarze, m.in. „Realności klasztoru bazyliańskiego werchrackiego”, dzięki którym można w przybliżeniu ocenić jego sytuację materialną. Dokumenty te są obecnie częścią zasobu Centralnego Państwowego Archiwum Historycznego Ukrainy we Lwowie. Klasztor należał wówczas do diecezji przemyskiej, dekanatu potylickiego i cyrkułu żółkiewskiego. Przyczyną podjęcia pracy nad inwentarzem była planowana konfiskata mienia werchrackich bazylianów. Okazało się jednak, że z powodu zaniedbania kasata została odsunięta w czasie, a dostępne dzisiaj regestry nie były pierwszą próbą dokonania spisu dóbr należących do bazylianów w tym trudnym okresie.

Konfiskatę dóbr ruchomych i nieruchomości monasteru w Werchracie zarządzono już w 1804 r., więc dwa lata później mnisi przenieśli się już do Krechowa. W rzeczywistości jednak aż do 1808 r. nie było mowy o faktycznym przejęciu dóbr klasztornych przez państwo. Dokumenty związane z kasatą nieruchomości bazylianów z Werchraty wydają się jednak dowodzić, że władze austriackie nie naciskały zbyt mocno na szybkie przeprowadzenie konfiskaty. Powodem tego mogło być przewidywanie niewielkiej korzyści z kasaty monasteru. Można sformułować hipotezę, że dobrodzieje monasteru byli zainteresowani odsuwaniem konfiskaty w czasie, a sformalizowane działania austriackiej biurokracji mogły im to skutecznie umożliwić.

Zachowane inwentarze kasatowe monasteru w Werchracie ujawniają jego problemy materialne. U progu konfiskaty klasztornego majątku nieliczna społeczność werchrackich mnichów była już połączona ze społecznością zakonników monasteru w Jamnicy, co dowodzi niewielkiej liczebności obu monasterów. Niepokojąca była przy tym niegospodarność bazylianów, którzy nie potrafili należy­cie wykorzystać nadanych sobie przywilejów i uposażeń. Wyjaśnienie tego stanu rzeczy wymagałoby jednak głębszej naukowej analizy, możliwej dopiero po odszukaniu dokumentacji gospodarczej powstałej w okresie przed- i porozbiorowym.
Addressing Moral Distress in Critical Care Nurses: A Systemized Literature Review of Intervention Studies
Authors: Dacar Sonya L. , Covell Christine L. , Papathanassoglou Elizabeth
Published: January 2020

Background: The literature on moral distress highlights the need for hospitals and healthcare organizations to improve the work environment in critical care. However, only few studies delve into the types of intervention programs and administrative processes that can be put into effect to help nurses effectively deal with moral distress. Aim: The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize evidence from published studies of interventions that address moral distress in critical care nurses. The attributes, measures, and outcomes of published interventions were described. Methods: Systemized literature review based on searches in four biomedical sciences databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, COCHRANE, and SCOPUS). The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was employed for risk of bias. Eligibility criteria included published full-text articles exploring any type of intervention for critical care nurses' moral distress. Results: Based on the selection criteria, seven studies were included in the review (two quasi-experimental, two randomized clinical trials, three mixed method). The majority of studies exhibited high risk of bias. Only two studies had moderate risk of bias. The most common type of interventions were workshops. Conclusion: We identified a small number of overall low-quality intervention studies, which provided weak evidence on the effectiveness of workshops for moral distress. Based on the indications for potentially large effect size of workshops, more well-designed studies are needed in order to elucidate the characteristics, content, and duration of effective workshops for moral distress. The results of this review can inform future efforts to develop and test intervention strategies for moral distress among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.
STRATEGI PEMBENTUKAN SOFT SKILL SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN MAMBAUL ULUM PUTRI BATA-BATA PAMEKASAN
Authors: Hasin Rohelah , Hadi Saiful
Published: January 2020

This research is aimed at finding out the treasure of knowledge in Islamic boarding schools (Pesantren) about practices of the establishment of Santri’s soft skill through daily life trainings. Those training could be in the form of the activities of ibadah mahdoh, ibadah ghoiru mahdoh, and other learning activities. The approach of this study uses qualitative approach with phenomenological plans. The result of this study shows that (1) habituating strategy through the boarding school activities namely Santri are joining all activities by obeying the rule with strict supervision and giving punishmet to them who disobey it. Meanwhile, the soft skills appear among the santri are disciplinary, honesty, responsibility, self motivation, self confidence, communicating, and leadership. (2) The obstacles which frequently appear among them are “the minimum of Santri’s enthusiasm in forming the self skills so that their enthusiasm appears in joining the activities of establishing Santri’s soft skills and the supporting factor is the masyaikh’s pretension to make all santri have life skill.
MANAJEMEN PEMBINAAN KEDISIPLINAN SANTRI DALAM MENGIKUTI KEGIATAN KEAGAMAAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN NURUS SHIBYAN AMBAT TLANAKAN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Rofiatun Rofiatun , Thoha Mohammad
Published: January 2020

Discipline is defined as an important exercise and character with the intention that all actions always obey the order, obedience, and rules of the order. This research uses a qualitative approach and the type is descriptive. The results of the study show that: (1) Management of disciplining students in participating in religious activities in the Islamic Boarding School of Nurus Shibyan Ambat Tlanakan Pamekasan is effective in accordance with applicable rules and regulations while fostering religious discipline activities for all students must participate in religious ritual activities, prayer in congregation, book deliberations, and from every student has a companion cleric, and regulated by the pesantren curriculum, (2) Supporting and inhibiting factors in fostering student discipline in participating in religious activities at Nurus Shibyan Islamic Boarding School Ambat Tlanakan Pamekasan, are supporting factors related to the potential of students, teacher / religious teacher readiness to keep fighting, and religious enthusiasm to fight by Allah while the inhibiting factors are some naughty students, laziness of children to participate in activities in the cottage, facilities which are partially inadequate, and lack of funds.
Novice Teachers’ Beliefs and Fears about Bullying in Schools in South Africa
Authors: Mahabeer Pryah
Published: January 2020

Worldwide, and in developing countries like South Africa, bullying and violence in schools are a prevalent problem. Negotiating and managing bullying in schools has become progressively challenging for teachers, more so for novice teachers entering the profession. Through semi-structured interviews, this interpretivist qualitative study explores the fears and beliefs of four novice teachers within the KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa using social identity theory. Novice teachers attributed their knowledge, worldviews, beliefs, fears and the manner in which they responded to bullying instances to: their biographical backgrounds, their personal beliefs and attitudes, social and contextual factors. They demonstrated an understanding of bullying, and recognised the prevalence and persisting problem of bullying in schools. They recalled from their growing up years how they experienced bullying, directly or indirectly, consciously or unconsciously, from their own personal histories, attitudes and beliefs. They expressed fears about not effectively identifying and responding to bullying behaviours. Lastly, teachers associated bullying with an imbalance of power. Although teachers were aware of informal anti-bullying interventions, they stressed the lack of concrete formal intervention strategies to reduce and stop bullying. The teachers recommended a collaborative and democratic process of all stakeholders deciding policies and crafting customised practical intervention strategies, rather than a generic approach to eliminating bullying and violence in schools.
Féltermészetes agrártájak ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatásai a gazdálkodók szemszögéből
Authors: Balázs Bálint , Kelemen Eszter , Pataki György , Bela Györgyi
Published: January 2020

Az agrártájak féltermészetes élőhelyei pótolhatatlanul fontos ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatásokat nyújtanak, mint például a beporzás, a kártevők és a talajerózió szabályozása, a széndioxid megkötés vagy a tájesztétika. Ezen élőhelyek ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatásaira azonban eddig csak kevés kutatás irányult Európában, s azok is meglehetősen féloldalasok. A QUESSA FP7-es kutatásban interjús és fókuszcsoportos kutatással vizsgáltuk, hogy a féltermészetes élőhelyek ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatásait mennyire ismerik, hogyan értékelik a tájban élő gazdálkodók. A gazdálkodók részvételén alapuló nem pénzbeli ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatás értékelési módszereinkkel nehezen számszerűsíthető társadalmi hasznokat, kulturális értékeket mutattuk ki, és nem találtunk áthidalhatatlan különbséget a gazdálkodói és a tudományos ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatás elgondolásokban. A közös mérlegelés pedig tovább segített az ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatás fogalom gazdagításában, a féltermészetes élőhelyek mezőgazdasági használaton túlmutató hasznainak megismerésében.
Fatores antinutricionais na alimentação humana
Authors: Higashijima Neide Setsuco , Lucca Alessandra , Rebizz Luana Rurico Higashijima , Rebizzi Leila Mary Higashijima
Published: January 2020

Fatores antinutricionais são compostos oriundos do metabolismo secundário das plantas, presentes numa extensa variedade de alimentos de origem vegetal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar os diversos fatores antinutricionais, em especial o ácido cianídrico, o ácido fítico e o ácido oxálico, presentes nos alimentos do nosso dia a dia, as consequências quando há alta ingestão dos mesmos e os métodos de redução desses antinutrientes no preparo dos alimentos como remolho, germinação, cozimento, fatiagem, maceração, trituração, ralagem, fermentação, maltagem, moagem, secagem e torrefação. A metodologia utilizada foi revisão de literatura. A partir desta revisão, conclui-se que tanto o ácido cianídrico como o ácido fítico pode ser reduzido nos alimentos por meio de processos utilizados tanto na preparação doméstica como na industrial, e que a melhor forma de redução do ácido oxálico insolúvel é evitando ou minimizando o consumo de alimentos que o contém.
O processo de adesão municipal ao Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional
Authors: Silva Dulcimara Alves dos Santos , Panelli-Martins Barbara Eduarda
Published: January 2020

Em 2006 o Brasil sancionou a Lei Orgânica da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, que instituiu o Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SISAN). O SISAN tem como base a intersetorialidade e a participação social e é um sistema público por meio do qual o Estado e a sociedade civil organizada formulam e implementam ações com vistas a garantir o direito humano à alimentação e nutrição adequadas (DHAA) aos brasileiros. O estudo teve o objetivo de caracterizar o SISAN no âmbito municipal. Atualmente todos os estados e o Distrito Federal aderiram ao SISAN, no entanto menos de 50% possuem Plano Estadual de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. A adesão dos municípios ao SISAN é voluntária, até o momento estudadomenos de 5% dos municípios brasileiros aderiram ao Sistema, dentre estes 54% estão em situação de insegurança alimentar e nutricional e menos de 40% possuem Planos de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional publicados. Embora o Brasil tenha avançado no combate à insegurança alimentar muitas famílias ainda sofrem com a mesma. A falta de qualificação técnica dos atores sociais envolvidos na implementação da política local de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional pode se constituir em um entrave para a consolidação do SISAN em nível local. Desta forma, o fortalecimento das instâncias estaduais do SISAN é fundamental para mobilizar, apoiar e instruir os municípios quanto a adesão ao Sistema.
Social inclusion and competitiveness of companies: Employing people with disabilities
Authors: Miethlich Boris
Published: January 2020

Work enables participation in society. However, people with disabilities are particularly often affected by unemployment and thus by social exclusion. The social inclusion of people with disabilities, by promoting employment, can only be achieved by companies themselves. Deliberately employing people with disabilities, therefore, represents an important social responsibility of companies towards society. Evidence from the literature shows that corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, as well as social inclusion, are more than just a commitment and can bring various benefits to a company. The aim of the present study is therefore to analyse the case for promoting the employment of people with disabilities to show whether and to what extent social inclusion as part of the CSR strategy can contribute to strengthening the competitiveness of companies. The topic is viewed and analysed from different perspectives, using five dedicated journal papers, mainly based on qualitative data. The results reveal first insights as well as trends and tendencies and provide a basis for subsequent studies. They show that social inclusion as part of the CSR strategy can increase a company's competitiveness and business performance, presumed the company succeeds in creating a corporate culture that accepts and promotes social inclusion on one hand and creates awareness for CSR initiatives among stakeholders on the other. Simultaneously, governmental frameworks that respond positively to and expect sustainable development or social inclusion can provide additional and significant support to these concerns. Due to the limited literature and research on the subject, further research is necessary. In particular, there is a lack of best practice approaches on how social inclusion can be promoted in companies and implemented in CSR strategies.
Possibilities of Hybrid SPECT/CT with 123I-MIBG for Visualizing the Ganglia of the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Nikitin N. A. , Minin S. M. , Shabanov V. V. , Losik D. V. , Romanov A. B.
Published: January 2020

Objective – to study the characteristics of the distribution and visualization of ganglionated plexuses in the left atrium (LAGP) in healthy volunteers.

Objective and methods. The investigation enrolled 15 healthy volunteers (median age 31 [26; 41] years). The investigation participants successively underwent cardiac computed tomography (CT) and SPECT using the neurotropic radiopharmaceutical 123I-MIBG. The obtained images were combined to identify and assess sympathetic activity foci (SAF) in the left atrium. The identified SAFs were ranked with a confidence probability (CP) on the basis of their correspondence to the anatomical location of LAGP, as well as the discreteness and prevalence of the surrounding structures.

Results. A total of 36 SAFs (median per participant was 2 [2; 3]) were identified; of them 20 (56%) had a low CP (median per participant was 1 [1; 2]); 16 (44%) had intermediate and/or high CP (median per participant was 1 [1; 1]). Three investigation participants (3/15) were found to have no SAFs with an intermediate and/or high CP. SAFs with an intermediate and/or high CP most frequently corresponded to the location of the left and right upper LAGPs (4/16 and 3/16 cases, respectively).

Conclusion. Hybrid SPECT/CT with the neurotropic 123I-MIBG allows the identification of SAFs in healthy volunteers, which correspond to the typical location of LAGPs.
Whole-Body Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography Combined with Computed Tomography in the Staging of Lymphomas
Authors: Kharuzhyk S. A. , Zhavrid E. A. , Dzyuban A. V. , Poddubnyy K. V. , Sukolinskaya E. V. , Kalenik O. A.
Published: January 2020

Objective – to compare the diagnostic efficiency of whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) in the staging of lymphomas.

Material and methods. The prospective study enrolled 92 adult patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Before treatment, all the patients underwent whole-body DW-MRI and PET/CT. The techniques were compared for their efficiency in diagnosing damage to lymph nodes (LNs) and organs and in determining the stage of lymphoma.

Results. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DW-MRI in diagnosing a lesion in the enlarged LNs were 98.2%, 99.9%, and 99.3%, respectively; those of PET/CT were 99.4%, 100.0%, and 99.8%. ROC analysis showed that the efficiency of the techniques in diagnosing a lesion in the enlarged LNs did not differ (p>0.06). The sensitivity of DW-MRI and PET/CT in diagnosing a lesion in the unenlarged LNs was 77.8% and 88.1%, respectively (p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DW-MRI in diagnosing lung damage were 73.3%, 98.7%, 94.6%; those of PET/CT were 86.7%, 98.7%, and 96.7%; those for the spleen were 54.8%, 98.3%, 83.3% and 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%; those for bone marrow (BM) were 87.1%, 96.4%, 93.0% and 64.5%, 87.3%, 79.1%,; those for all organs were 72.9%, 98.1%, 91.4% and 80.0%, 96.6%, 92.2%. The ROC analysis indicated that the efficiency of the techniques in diagnosing a lesion in the lung did not differ (p>0.3), that of PET/CT for the spleen was higher (p <0.0001); that of DW-MRI for BM was higher (p<0.0008); that for all organs did not differ (p>0.35). DW-MRI and PET/CT could determine the correct stage of lymphoma in the same number of patients (86%). The new lymphoma staging algorithm involving whole-body DW-MRI in all patients, PET/CT, and BM biopsies according to the established indications made it possible to determine the correct stage of lymphoma in 95% of patients.

Conclusion. Whole-body DW-MRI has comparable efficiency to PET/CT in the staging of lymphoma. The new lymphoma staging algorithm based on whole-body DW-MRI is superior to PET/CT and PET/CT with BM biopsy.
The Possibility for Iodine Concentration Determination in a Phantom with Known Titers of an Iodine-Containing Contrast Agent, by Using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography
Authors: Chaban A. S. , Sinitsyn V. E.
Published: January 2020

Objective: to study the capabilities of single-source dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in quantifying the concentration of iodine in solutions.

Material and methods. Single-source DECT was performed using a phantom containing a set of 5 tubes with a different titer of the iodine-containing contrast agent Iopamidol. Further, the obtained images were used to construct iodine maps; and the concentration of iodine was measured within the volume of the titrated contrast agent.

Results. Despite a high correlation between the measured iodine concentration in solution with the true concentration (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.98; p < 0.01), there is a measurement error that was 4.8 to 23% at different dilutions.

Conclusion. Signal-source rapid voltage switching DECT does not allow precise measurements of the true concentration of iodine in solution. To eliminate measurement errors in further in vivo studies using singlesource DECT, it may be that attention must be paid to the measurement of normalized iodine concentration.
Estimation of the Diagnostic Value of the Shape of Trigeminal Nerves and Their Neurovascular Relationships in the Diagnosis of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Bakunovich A. V. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Mershina E. A. , Grigoryan Yu. A.
Published: January 2020

Objective: to estimate the diagnostic value of the anatomical characteristics of the intracisternal portions of the trigeminal nerves and adjacent arteries in diagnosing classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN).

Material and methods. Fast Imaging Employing Steady-state Acquisition (FIESTA) using an isotropic MRI sequence was used to analyze the anatomical characteristics of the intracisternal portions of the trigeminal nerves and adjacent arteries in 133 patients, including 86 patients aged 55±11 years with clinically and surgically verified TN and in 47 patients aged 51±16 years in the control group. The investigators measured the cross-sectional areas of the trigeminal nerves at 5 mm from the pons cerebelli, the ratio of the largest-to-smallest nerve diameters at similar points, the distance to the adjacent arteries, and that between the closest neurovascular contact (NVC) point and the pons cerebelli. Characteristic curves (CC) were constructed and reference points with the highest specificity were selected with an acceptable sensitivity level for all parameters. Positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) are determined for each reference point.

Results. The area under the CC was equal to 0.77 for the ratio to the diameters of the trigeminal nerves near the pons cerebelli. At a reference point of 1.89, the sensitivity/specificity (Se/Sp) ratio was 0.57/0.82 with a PPV of 0.74 and an NPV of 0.83. The area under the curve for the cross-sectional areas of the trigeminal nerves at the pons cerebelli was 0.76. The reference point with an area of 3.65 mm2 yielded a Se/Sp ratio of 0.52/0.8 with a PPV of 0.51 and an NPV of 0.91. The distance to the adjacent artery gave an area under the CC of 0.72. The Se/Sp ratio at a reference point of 1.65 mm turned out to be 0.53/0.789 at a PPV of 0.55 and an NPV of 0.92. The area under the CC for the distances between the NVC point and the pons cerebelli was 0.75. The reference point of 4.05 mm with a Se/Sp index of 0.6/0.78 was characterized by a PPV of 0.77 and an NPV of 0.94.

Conclusion. All the analyzed anatomical parameters showed an acceptable diagnostic value in diagnosing TN. Certain reference values of the parameters can be used to diagnose TN with the highest acceptable specificity at the maximum NPV to reduce frequent false-positive results.
Approaches to Determining the Liver Volume and the Fact of Hepatomegalia
Authors: Gromov A. I. , Alliua E. L. , Kul'berg N. S.
Published: January 2020

Objective: to increase the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of hepatomegaly.

Material and methods. The investigation is based on the analysis of the results of 603 abdominal CT examinations, which are available in the radiology information systems of the city of Moscow. Six liver parameters (the transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior dimensions of the right and left lobes) were measured. The volume of the organ, the right and left lobes was determined when building three-dimensional images with an IntelliSpace Portal multimodality station (Philips) and a special Synapse 3D software system (Fuji).

Results.It was established that there was the most pronounced relationship to the true liver volume among all sizes when using only one parameter for the anteroposterior size of the right lobe (r = 0.66), the sum of the two ones for the vertical and anteroposterior sizes of the right lobe (r = 0.83), the sum of three sizes for the vertical, anteroposterior, and transverse dimensions of the right lobe (r = 0.86). ROC analysis was used to calculate the threshold values of the sum of two and three proposed parameters (34 and 42 cm, respectively). The sensitivity of the technique in identifying hepatomegaly, which was established on the basis of the sum of the vertical and anteroposterior dimensions of the right lobe, compared with only one-parameter orientation, increased from 26% to 87%; the specificity rose from 53% to 86%; when using the sum of the vertical, anteroposterior, and transverse dimensions of the right lobe, that was as much as 89% and 84%, respectively. Approximating the cubic root of the volume with the least squares method allowed one to create new and convenient formulas for calculating the volume of the liver.

Conclusion. Determination of the sum of the vertical and anteroposterior dimensions of the right lobe (threshold value, 34 cm) is an optimal approach to diagnosing hepatomegaly. If there is a need for knowledge of the volume of the liver in the absence of special programs for its segmentation, data can be obtained using the created formula that takes into account two proposed liver sizes.
Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Korobkova I. Z. , Dremin D. A. , Kakalov S. M. , Kirsan' I. V. , Skrynnikov I. S. , Ugrimov A. A. , Sorokin M. N.
Published: January 2020

The paper gives a clinical example of diagnosing hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. With allowance made for that the tumor occurs rarely (less than 1% of cases of all vascular tumors), the authors provide the clinical example to demonstrate the capabilities of imaging techniques, by applying an integrated approach.
Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis and Staging of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Frolova I. G. , Grigor'ev E. G. , Velichko S. A. , Usova A. V. , Trukhacheva N. G.
Published: January 2020

This scientific review assesses the current diagnostic capabilities of diffusion-weighted images used in the magnetic resonance imaging protocol for bladder cancer. It actualizes this impulse sequence employed within the framework of a multiparametric MRI study as one of the functional techniques. The review deals with the possibilities of diffusion-weighted images used in an independent version and in combination with T2-weighted images to visualize a tumor, postoperative changes, and associated pathology. It gives differential diagnostic criteria in identifying the extent of tumor invasion, including that with accuracy assessment according to the measured diffusion coefficient.

The sources of the review are publications included in the peer-reviewed databases PubMed, Scopus, eLIBRARY and the open sources Google Scholar, Researchgate.
The Role of Quantitative Assessment of Visceral Adipose Tissue of the Heart as a Predictor for Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Chernina V. Yu. , Morozov S. P. , Nizovtsova L. A. , Blokhin I. A. , Sitdikov D. I. , Gombolevskiy V. A.
Published: January 2020

Objective of this article – to evaluate possibilities to visualize cardiac visceral adipose tissue by echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonanse imaging (MRI) and to systematize data on its physiological and pathological roles. To achieve this goal, the authors analyzed relevant Russian and foreign sources of literature in the scientific libraries eLIBRARY and PubMed, by using the keywords: “pericardial fat”, “epicardial fat”, “visceral fat of the heart”, “epicardial adipose tissue”, “pericardial adipose tissue”, and “adipocytokine”. Actual data as of November 2018 were collected. The review presents up-to-date data on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of cytokines secreted by pericardial adipose tissue, as well as on correlations and possible theories of the relationship between the volumes of pericardial adipose tissue and the development of coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and metabolic syndrome. According to echocardiography, epicardial adipose tissue thickness is a reliable predictor for the presence of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries. Adipose tissue volume can be measured with high accuracy using CT (manual, semi-automatic, and automatic methods).

A number of studies prove that MRI can be used for assigned tasks. The current notion of the role of these adipose depots can potentially be used in assessing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The literature review presented confirms that visceral adipose tissue of the heart has a direct effect on the myocardium and coronary arteries and can be quantified using echocardiography, CT and MRI.