bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Service breadth or depth? A customer perspective
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wei Zelong , Gao Jie
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To enhance the value of servitization in customers’ problem-solving, this study aims to examine and compare the effects of manufacturers’ service breadth and depth strategies on their customer-based performance. It also explores how these effects are influenced by technological turbulence and a manufacturer’s supply chain position.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on data collected from 208 Chinese manufacturers, this study uses a three-stage least square approach to test the hypotheses focusing on the effects of manufacturers’ service strategies on customer-based performance and the moderating roles of technological turbulence and supply chain position.

Findings

The study reveals that manufacturers’ service depth has a significant positive effect on their customer-based performance. However, service breadth has an insignificant effect on the performance. Furthermore, technological turbulence positively moderates the effects of both service breadth and depth, and supply chain position only positively moderates the effect of service depth.

Practical implications

Manufacturers should focus on increasing service depth to improve their customer-based performance. Manufacturers in technically turbulent environments can attain ample benefits from both service breadth and depth, and those located downstream in a supply chain can benefit more from service depth.

Originality/value

By bringing a problem-solving perspective into the servitization literature, this study adds empirical insights to the impact of manufacturers’ service breadth and depth strategies on customer outcomes. The study also answers calls for insights into the environmental and structural contingencies of servitization.
Not just numbers! Improving TTO performance by balancing the soft sides of the TQM
Authors: Cucino Valentina , Del Sarto Nicola , Ferrigno Giulio , Piccaluga Andrea Mario Cuore , Di Minin Alberto
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study investigates the role of “soft” factors of total quality management – in terms of empowerment and engagement of employees – in facilitating or hindering organizational performance of the university technology transfer offices.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors developed an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), multiple regression model to test if empowerment and engagement affect organizational performance of the university technology transfer offices.

Findings

The authors found that “soft” factors of total quality management – in terms of empowerment and engagement – facilitate the improvement of organizational performance in university technology transfer offices.

Practical implications

The authors’ analysis shows that soft total quality management practices create the conditions for improving organizational performance. This study provides practical implications by showing that, in the evaluation of the technology transfer office, not only the “hard” variables (e.g. number of employees and employee experience) but also the “soft” one (e.g. empowerment and engagement) matter. Therefore, university technology transfer managers or university technology transfer delegates should take actions to promote not only empowering employees but also create a climate conducive to employees' engagement in the university technology transfer offices.

Originality/value

With regards to the differences in organizational performances of university technology transfer offices, several studies have focused their attention on technology transfer professionals in technology transfer offices, but only a few of them have examined the “soft side” of total quality management. Thus, this study examines the organizational goals of technology transfer offices through “soft” factors of total quality management in terms of empowerment and engagement employees.
Prioritizing the barriers of green smart manufacturing using AHP in implementing Industry 4.0: a case from Indian automotive industry
Authors: Agarwal Sucheta , Saxena Kuldeep Kumar , Agrawal Vivek , Dixit Jitendra Kumar , Prakash Chander , Buddhi Dharam , Mohammed Kahtan A.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Manufacturing companies are increasingly using green smart production (GSM) as a tactic to boost productivity since it has a number of advantages over conventional manufacturing methods. It costs a lot of money and takes a lot of work to create an SMS since it combines a lot of different technologies, including automation, data exchanges, cyber-physical systems (CPS), artificial intelligence, the Internet of things (IoT) and semi-autonomous industrial systems. Green smart manufacturing (GSM) activities provide the foundation for creating ecologically friendly and green products. However, there are a number of other significant barriers obstacles to GSM deployment. As a result, removing this identification of these hurdles in a systematic manner should be a top focus of this study.

Design/methodology/approach

This article seeks to identify and prioritize the nine barriers based on research and expert viewpoints on GSM challenges. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used to prioritize the barriers.

Findings

The result depicts that, financial constraints is the most important barrier that followed by scarcity of dedicated suppliers, concern to data security lack of understanding of the surroundings, inadequate top management commitment, proper handling of data interfaces lack of support by government, employees' lack of training, concern to data security lack of environment knowledge, fear of change/resistance and constraints of technology.

Research limitations/implications

The current research will help the manufacturing industry in Industry 4.0 to identify potential barriers to GSM implementation.

Originality/value

Green manufacturing (GM) entails the implementation of renewable production methods and eco-friendly procedures in manufacturing businesses. This study helps manufacturers come up with recycling and creative products, and manufacturers can give back to the environment by protecting natural areas by getting rid of the obstacles that get in the way.
Influence of aromatization on the perception of work environment and job satisfaction
Authors: Čarnogurský Karol , Madzík Peter , Diacikova Anna , Bercik Jakub
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to examine how indoor aromatization affects the expressed and unexpressed satisfaction with the work environment in the production hall of an industrial company.

Design/methodology/approach

The aroma was flavored by an aromatization unit, the expressed satisfaction was measured on a scale and biometrics of facial recognition (FaceReader) was used to measure unexpressed satisfaction, enabling the recording of eight emotions and two basic emotions.

Findings

Research has shown the effect of aroma on two emotions – neutral and angry – which partially confirmed the sense of flavoring production facilities. Previous research has shown that positive feelings caused by a pleasant smell influence customers' purchasing decisions. As the use of aroma affects the mental state of the individual, it could be also applied for non-marketing purposes.

Originality/value

To date, there has been no research that systematically addresses the impact of aromatization on the perception of the work environment in a manufacturing company. The presented study is unique in its design and focus and provides basic information about the impact of aroma on individuals. The findings of this study can help to examine further aspects that indirectly affect performance.
A general hypothesis of forest invasions by woody plants based on whole‐plant carbon economics
Authors: Fridley Jason D. , Bellingham Peter J. , Closset‐Kopp Déborah , Daehler Curtis C. , Dechoum Michele S. , Martin Patrick H. , Murphy Helen T. , Rojas‐Sandoval Julissa , Tng David
Published: September 2022

Although closed‐canopy forests are characterized by low‐light availability and slow population dynamics, many are under threat from non‐native, invasive woody species that combine high colonization ability and fast growth potential with high low‐light survival. This ‘superinvader’ phenotype contravenes expected trade‐offs predicted by successional niche theory, posing a challenge to both invasion and forest succession theory.

We propose a parsimonious conceptual model based on the whole‐plant light compensation point (WPLCP) that, across a variety of plant strategies and growth forms, can explain greater competitive abilities of forest invaders in the context of both high‐light growth rate and shade tolerance. The model requires only that non‐native species experience relatively fewer carbon costs than native species, enabling resource‐acquisitive species to establish in low‐light conditions.

We review evidence for lower carbon costs in invasive species resulting from (1) enemy release, (2) recent environmental changes that favour less stress‐tolerant phenotypes and (3) phylogenetically constrained native floras. We also discuss implications of invader shade tolerance in the context of other life‐history strategies that, combined with canopy disturbances, facilitate their rapid numerical dominance.

Synthesis. An invasion framework driven by carbon dynamics suggests renewed focus on whole‐plant carbon costs, including below‐ground respiration and tissue turnover, which are rarely measured in functional studies of forest invaders.
Impact of ICT on university students with visual impairment
Authors: Montenegro‐Rueda Marta , Fernández‐Batanero José María , Fernández‐Cerero José
Published: September 2022

Information and communication technology (ICT) are creating new horizons in the educational responses to students who have a disability in higher education. This study aims to provide the academic community with an overview of the research pertaining to ICT as a support for students with low vision or blindness. Data were obtained through a systematic literature review, covering the period from 2010 to 2021, in four relevant scientific and academic databases. The sample consists of 17 studies. A descriptive and quantitative methodology was used. The most significant bibliometric data are presented, and through bibliometric maps, a method based on co‐word analysis, clustering techniques and visualization techniques were applied to determine the fields of study and research. The results indicate that research on ICT and visual impairment in higher education remains scarce and focuses on the educational needs of students with visual impairment in accessing and transitioning to higher education.
Education for metaphysical animals
Authors: Bakhurst David
Published: September 2022

This essay explores the legacy of the four philosophers now often referred to as ‘The Wartime Quartet’: G.E.M. Anscombe, Iris Murdoch, Philippa Foot and Mary Midgley. The life and work of the four, who studied together in Oxford during the Second World War, is the subject of two recently published books, The Women Are Up to Something, by Benjamin Lipscomb, and Metaphysical Animals, by Clare Mac Cumhaill and Rachael Wiseman. The two books show us how Anscombe, Murdoch, Foot and Midgley became friends united in their hostility to the logical-positivist orthodoxy of the day and its deleterious influence on Oxford moral philosophy. And we see how their friendship had a formative influence on their subsequent—highly distinguished—careers, so that it is possible to discern, if not exactly a school of thought, then various common themes, ideas and concerns, which are expressed and developed in contrasting ways. While Lipscomb represents the work of the Quartet as of largely historical significance, my paper defends what I take to be Mac Cumhaill and Wiseman's position that their legacy is very much a living one, containing insights that are not just of enduring relevance, but can transform how we see ourselves and how we do philosophy. For Mac Cumhaill and Wiseman, the key idea shared by the members of the Quartet is to place the concept of life at the centre of philosophical attention. This commitment has at least four dimensions: (i) an interest in the ordinary; (ii) a focus on virtue, goodness and human flourishing; (iii) an affirmation of our animal nature; (iv) recognition of the normative landscape that structures our lives. I try to bring out the philosophical significance of these themes in a way relevant to the philosophical elucidation of education.
UN/DOING FUTURE, UNSETTLING TEMPORALIZATION
Authors: Chakkalakal Silvy , Ren Julie
Published: September 2022

The concept of the future, its prognostications and its applications increasingly shapes present social worlds. From government policy to architectural design, from preemptive everyday practices to interventionist counter‐cultural projects, imaginations of the future take concrete form and enjoy a powerful purpose. In this intervention we ask: How is the future invented, planned, renounced and researched? Specifically, how do we analyse the entanglement of temporal and spatial logics against the enveloping imperative of ‘future as crisis’? What is the role of methodology, collaboration and engagement in shaping debates about the future, and how do we research different futures as well as different positionalities within the future? Rather than taking a prescriptive approach, we consider future epistemologies as well as concrete future practices and the ways in which multiple notions of futurity might overlap. Additionally, we consider the standpoint from which different futures are imagined or renounced, and the ways in which entanglements of past, present and future might reflect a struggle on different social fields. Finally, we complicate some of the distinctions that researchers draw between the practices of imagining, planning and producing future scenarios as exclusionary, and modes of navigating and shaping futures that are embedded in everyday lives.
FUTURE OF A DYING RIVER: Bureaucratic Practices and Negotiated Plans of the Yamuna Riverfront
Authors: Naruka Yogita
Published: September 2022

In this essay I analyse the Yamuna riverfront development plan, India's second‐most ambitious riverfront plan after Sabarmati. It constructs a future vision for the Yamuna and aims to integrate it with the city's economy and popular culture. I explore the logic and mechanisms of this futurity with a specific focus on bureaucratic practices and negotiations between the relevant actors. I argue that the logic of the construction of future scenarios lies in the practices of here and now, which are often overshadowed by the grand promises of the spatial plan. I show how un/doing of the future takes place when this plan of the riverfront is revisited repeatedly within different institutional and communication frameworks.
The emerging microbiome‐based approaches to IBD therapy: From SCFAs to urolithin A
Authors: Rudiansyah Mohammad , Abdalkareem Jasim Saade , S. Azizov Bakhadir , Samusenkov Vadim , Kamal Abdelbasset Walid , Yasin Ghulam , Mohammad Hawraa Jabbar , Jawad Mohammed Abed , Mahmudiono Trias , Hosseini‐Fard Seyed Reza , Mirzaei Rasoul , Karampoor Sajad
Published: September 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions which can be life‐threatening, affecting both children and adults. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main forms of IBD. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex and involves genetic background, environmental factors, alteration in gut microbiota, aberrant immune responses (innate and adaptive), and their interactions, all of which provide clues to the identification of innovative diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and the development of novel treatments. Gut microbiota provide significant benefits to its host, most notably via maintaining immunological homeostasis. Furthermore, changes in gut microbial populations may promote immunological dysregulation, resulting in autoimmune diseases, including IBD. Investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and immune system of the host may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of IBD as well as the development of innovative immune‐ or microbe‐based therapeutics. In this review we summarized the most recent findings on innovative therapeutics for IBD, including microbiome‐based therapies such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, live biotherapeutic products, short‐chain fatty acids, bile acids, and urolithin A.
High‐level recombinant protein production with Corynebacterium glutamicum using acetate as carbon source
Authors: Kiefer Dirk , Tadele Lea Rahel , Lilge Lars , Henkel Marius , Hausmann Rudolf
Published: September 2022

In recent years, biotechnological conversion of the alternative carbon source acetate has attracted much attention. So far, acetate has been mainly used for microbial production of bioproducts with bulk applications. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of acetate as carbon source for heterologous protein production using the acetate‐utilizing platform organism Corynebacterium glutamicum. For this purpose, expression of model protein eYFP with the promoter systems T7lac and tac was characterized during growth of C. glutamicum on acetate as sole carbon source. The results indicated a 3.3‐fold higher fluorescence level for acetate‐based eYFP production with T7 expression strain MB001(DE3) pMKEx2‐eyfp compared to MB001 pEKEx2‐eyfp. Interestingly, comparative eyfp expression studies on acetate or glucose revealed an up to 83% higher biomass‐specific production for T7 RNAP‐dependent eYFP production using acetate as carbon source. Furthermore, high‐level protein accumulation on acetate was demonstrated for the first time in a high cell density cultivation process with pH‐coupled online feeding control, resulting in a final protein titer of 2.7 g/L and product yield of 4 g per 100 g cell dry weight. This study presents a first proof of concept for efficient microbial upgrading of potentially low‐cost acetate into high‐value bioproducts, such as recombinant proteins.
Medications impact different aspects of the quality of life of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Leong Khai Pang , Tan Joyce Ching‐Wen , Thong Bernard Yu Hor , Lian Tsui Yee , Koh Ee Tzun , Kong Kok Ooi , Law Weng Giap , Chng Hiok Hee , Chan Grace Yin Lai , Chia Faith Li‐Ann , Tan Justina Wei Lynn , Howe Hwee Siew ,   The Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) Lupus Study Group
Published: September 2022

Purpose

In this real‐world observational study, we analyzed the effects of different drugs on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Method

We identified patients in our prospective SLE Registry who received new medications. We measure QoL with MOS 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36), a generic health questionnaire, and SLEQOL, a disease‐specific instrument. We compared the patients' scores before and after initiation of treatment.

Results

We identified 259 episodes of drug initiation in 193 SLE patients. SLEQOL registered statistically significant changes with intravenous cyclophosphamide (total score and the domains of physical functioning, activities, and self‐image), mycophenolate (total score, treatment, mood, and self‐image) and azathioprine (total score, activities, and mood), but not with cyclosporin A and hydroxychloroquine. Two SF‐36 subscales (general health and physical functioning) showed statistically significant improvement in the patients who received intravenous cyclophosphamide. Both instruments have floor effect. There was weak correlation between changes in the QoL instruments and the patient assessment of disease activity or an objective disease activity index.

Conclusion

SLEQOL distinguishes the differential effects on QoL of the various drugs. Treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate impacted the highest numbers of domains of SLEQOL, followed by azathioprine, cyclosporin A, and hydroxychloroquine. SLEQOL may be a useful outcome measure in SLE clinical trials.
Invasive area to tumor ratio is a significant prognostic factor for non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Motono Nozomu , Mizoguchi Takaki , Ishikawa Masahito , Iwai Shun , Iijima Yoshihito , Uramoto Hidetaka
Published: September 2022

Background

Although T factor is defined as the size of invasive area rather than total tumor size in the eighth edition of the TNM classification, whether the pathological invasive area to tumor ratio (ITR) is a prognostic factor has not yet been evaluated.

Methods

In total, 432 lung adenocarcinoma patients were analyzed, among which 266 patients with pathological stage IA were used to perform a subanalysis.

Results

Smoking status (odds ratio [OR]: 0.43, p = 0.01), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR: 1.97, p = 0.03), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) (OR: 3.62, p < 0.01), and ITR (OR: 6.76, p < 0.01) were significantly different in univariate analysis. Smoking status (OR: 0.34, p < 0.01), SUVmax (OR: 3.05, p < 0.01), and ITR (OR: 5.44, p < 0.01) were risk factors for recurrence in multivariate analysis. In patients with pathological stage IA disease, smoking status (OR: 0.34, p = 0.03), NLR (OR: 2.30, p = 0.04), SUVmax (OR: 3.63, p < 0.01), pathological invasive area (OR: 4.00, p < 0.01), and ITR (OR: 6.03, p < 0.01) were significantly different in univariate analysis. Smoking status (OR: 0.27, p = 0.02), SUVmax (OR: 3.93, p < 0.01), and ITR (OR: 4.38, p < 0.01) were significant risk factors for recurrence in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

SUVmax and ITR are risk factors for recurrence. These results suggest that SUVmax is important for deciding the indication for limited resection or adjuvant chemotherapy, and ITR is an adaptation criterion for adjuvant chemotherapy for early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Lifespan benefits for the combination of rapamycin plus acarbose and for captopril in genetically heterogeneous mice
Authors: Strong Randy , Miller Richard A. , Cheng Catherine J. , Nelson James F. , Gelfond Jonathan , Allani Shailaja Kesaraju , Diaz Vivian , Dorigatti Angela Olsen , Dorigatti Jonathan , Fernandez Elizabeth , Galecki Andrzej , Ginsburg Brett , Hamilton Karyn L. , Javors Martin A. , Kornfeld Kerry , Kaeberlein Matt , Kumar Suja , Lombard David B. , Lopez‐Cruzan Marisa , Miller Benjamin F. , Rabinovitch Peter , Reifsnyder Peter , Rosenthal Nadia A. , Bogue Molly A. , Salmon Adam B. , Suh Yousin , Verdin Eric , Weissbach Herbert , Newman John , Maccchiarini Francesca , Harrison David E.
Published: September 2022

Mice bred in 2017 and entered into the C2017 cohort were tested for possible lifespan benefits of (R/S)‐1,3‐butanediol (BD), captopril (Capt), leucine (Leu), the Nrf2‐activating botanical mixture PB125, sulindac, syringaresinol, or the combination of rapamycin and acarbose started at 9 or 16 months of age (RaAc9, RaAc16). In male mice, the combination of Rapa and Aca started at 9 months and led to a longer lifespan than in either of the two prior cohorts of mice treated with Rapa only, suggesting that this drug combination was more potent than either of its components used alone. In females, lifespan in mice receiving both drugs was neither higher nor lower than that seen previously in Rapa only, perhaps reflecting the limited survival benefits seen in prior cohorts of females receiving Aca alone. Capt led to a significant, though small (4% or 5%), increase in female lifespan. Capt also showed some possible benefits in male mice, but the interpretation was complicated by the unusually low survival of controls at one of the three test sites. BD seemed to produce a small (2%) increase in females, but only if the analysis included data from the site with unusually short‐lived controls. None of the other 4 tested agents led to any lifespan benefit. The C2017 ITP dataset shows that combinations of anti‐aging drugs may have effects that surpass the benefits produced by either drug used alone, and that additional studies of captopril, over a wider range of doses, are likely to be rewarding.
Different functions of emotion regulation in linking harmony seeking and rejection avoidance to life satisfaction and social support in Germany, Hong Kong, and Japan
Authors: Schunk Fabian , Wong Natalie , Nakao Gen , Trommsdorff Gisela
Published: September 2022

This study examined whether two facets of interdependence, harmony seeking and rejection avoidance, were differently related to life satisfaction and social support from friends across cultures through the differential use of emotion regulation strategies. Specifically, we propose that individuals who seek harmony and avoid rejection regulate emotions differently to achieve social adaptation in their sociocultural contexts. University students from Germany (n = 129), Hong Kong (n = 136), and Japan (n = 123) completed our online survey. Data were analysed through multigroup structural equation modelling. Across cultures, harmony seeking was positively while rejection avoidance was negatively related to indices of social functioning (life satisfaction or social support). For Germans, emotion regulation (more rumination, less reappraisal, more suppression) completely mediated the associations of rejection avoidance with life satisfaction. Germans may emotionally overreact when fearing rejection, which is reflected in using dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies. In contrast, rejection avoidance was only weakly related to emotional dysregulation among Hong Kong Chinese and Japanese who might be adapted to fearing exclusion due to living in low relational mobility societies. Our findings demonstrate cultural similarities and differences in the interplay of harmony seeking and rejection avoidance with emotion regulation, life satisfaction, and social support.
Adjunctive use of p16 immunohistochemistry for optimizing management of CIN lesions in a high‐risk human papillomavirus‐positive population
Authors: Ebisch Renée M. F. , Rijstenberg L. Lucia , Soltani Gilda Ghazi , van der Horst Judith , Vedder Judith E. M. , Hermsen Meyke , Bosgraaf Remko P. , Massuger Leon F. A. G. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Heideman Daniëlle A. M. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Melchers Willem J. G. , Bekkers Ruud L. M. , Siebers Albert G. , Bulten Johan
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Immunostaining with p16INK4a (p16), a tumor‐suppressor surrogate protein biomarker for high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) oncogenic activity, may complement standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histology review, and provide more objective criteria to support the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) diagnosis. With this study we assessed the impact of p16 immunohistochemistry on CIN grading in an hrHPV‐based screening setting.

Material and methods

In this post‐hoc analysis, 326 histology follow‐up samples from a group of hrHPV‐positive women were stained with p16 immunohistochemistry. All H&E samples were centrally revised. The pathologists reported their level of confidence in classifying the CIN lesion.

Results

Combining H&E and p16 staining resulted in a change of diagnosis in 27.3% (n = 89) of cases compared with the revised H&E samples, with a decrease of 34.5% (n = 18) in CIN1 and 22.7% (n = 15) in CIN2 classifications, and an increase of 18.3% (n = 19) in no CIN and 20.7% (n = 19) in CIN3 diagnoses. The level of confidence in CIN grading by the pathologist increased with adjunctive use of p16 immunohistochemistry to standard H&E.

Conclusions

This study shows that adjunctive use of p16 immunohistochemistry to H&E morphology reduces the number of CIN1 and CIN2 classifications with a proportional increase in no CIN and CIN3 diagnoses, compared with standard H&E‐based CIN diagnosis alone. The pathologists felt more confident in classifying the material with H&E and p16 immunohistochemistry than by using H&E alone, particularly during assessment of small biopsies. Adjunctive use of p16 immunohistochemistry to standard H&E assessment of CIN would be valuable for the diagnostic accuracy, thereby optimizing CIN management and possibly decreasing overtreatment.
Intrinsic motivation as a double‐edged sword: Investigating effects on well‐being and the role of flex place practices as moderator to buffer adverse effects
Authors: Stockkamp Mariella , Kuonath Angela , Kühnel Jana , Kennecke Silja , Frey Dieter
Published: September 2022

Ensuring employee well‐being is a crucial task for organizations. While previous research has mainly focused on positive effects of intrinsic motivation, in this study, we took a more comprehensive view on intrinsic motivation and work‐related well‐being. More specifically, building on conservation of resources theory, we focused on two facets of work‐related well‐being (job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion) and examined direct (beneficial) and indirect (adverse) effects on well‐being via detachment as an inconsistent mediation model. Furthermore, we took a closer look at how the use of flex place practices (FPPs), giving employees the opportunity to choose from where to work, can attenuate potential adverse effects of high intrinsic motivation. We collected data from 408 employees of a European manufacturer at two points of measurement, the first one before and the second one after the introduction of FPPs. Results showed that intrinsic motivation had a positive direct effect on changes in well‐being, and an adverse indirect effect on changes in well‐being via reduced detachment. For employees using FPPs, this adverse indirect effect was dissolved. This research is among the first to explore potential downsides of intrinsic motivation and the role of FPPs in the functioning of intrinsic motivation.
Laparoscopic internal intestinal drainage of bile lakes in a patient with recurrence of jaundice after laparoscopic revision of Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia: A case report
Authors: Gohda Yousuke , Uchida Hiroo , Hinoki Akinari , Shirota Chiyoe , Sumida Wataru , Makita Satoshi , Okamoto Masamune , Ogata Seiya , Takimoto Aitaro , Takada Shunya , Nakagawa Yoichi , Kato Daiki , Guo Yaohui
Published: September 2022

Bile lake, of the postoperative complications after Kasai portoenterostomy (PE) for biliary atresia, causes cholangitis that may induce progressive fibrosis of the liver. Standard treatment for bile lakes has not yet been established, but there are reports that surgical internal intestinal drainage for bile lakes effectively prevents cholangitis and maintains jaundice‐free status. In this case, insertion of the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage into the bile lake allowed continuous drainage of large volumes of bile juice. However, reoperation following laparotomy increases the surgical risk of subsequent liver transplantation due to postoperative adhesion. Laparoscopic surgery was selected for the patient who was likely to require liver transplantation in the future. In this case, laparoscopic internal intestinal drainage of bile lakes was performed safely by a Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator for the recurrence of jaundice after laparoscopic revision of PE. Cholangitis and jaundice were rapidly resolved after this surgical procedure.
Effect of novel therapeutic medicine swertiamarin from Enicostema axillare in zebrafish infected with Salmonella typhi
Authors: Perumal Sasidharan , Samy MadhanaVigneshwari Gopal , Subramanian Dharaneedharan
Published: September 2022

Herbal treatments have been practiced by humans over centuries and therefore possess time‐proven safety. However, it is crucial to evaluate the toxic effects of herbal medicine to confirm their safety, particularly when developing therapeutic drugs. Use of laboratory animals such as mice, rat, and rabbits was considered as gold standard in herbal toxicity assessments. However, in the last few decades, the ethical consideration of using higher vertebrates for toxicity testing has become more controversial. As a possible alternative model involving lower vertebrates such as zebra fish were introduced. Hence in the present study, swertiamain compound isolated from E. axillare was assessed for it antimicrobial activity in zebra fish larvae againt S. typhi. The cumulative mortality rate and bacterial localization in zebra fish larvae were studied. Biochemical markers assays were performed to find the preventive role of the compound during the typhoid infection. The results showed that zebra fish can be successfully used as a model to study typhoid infection and the anti‐bacterial compound swertiamarin used in this study clears the bacterial load and pathogenic symptoms to a great extent.
Cordycepin inhibited the retinoblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as lung metastasis via modulating c‐Myc/cyclin D1 pathway
Authors: Min Yao , Ding Yi , Huang Qing , Xu Ya , Li Jing
Published: September 2022

This study aims to investigate cordycepin's effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of retinoblastoma (RB) cells and its regulatory mechanism. In this study, it was found that cordycepin inhibited RB cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and pulmonary metastasis in vivo. c‐Myc was a downstream target of cordycepin, and cordycepin significantly suppressed c‐Myc expression, and c‐Myc overexpression markedly counteracted the impacts of cordycepin on RB cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. c‐Myc was positively correlated with the cell cycle pathway. Cordycepin restrained cyclin D1 expression, and c‐Myc overexpression rescued this effect. In conclusion, cordycepin targets the c‐Myc/cyclin D1 pathway, thereby suppressing the malignant biological behaviors of RB cells.
Biallelic variants in the SLC13A1 sulfate transporter gene cause hyposulfatemia with a mild spondylo‐epi‐metaphyseal dysplasia
Authors: van de Kamp Jiddeke M. , Bökenkamp Arend , Smith Desiree E. C. , Wamelink Mirjam M. C. , Jansen Erwin E. W. , Struys Eduard A. , Waisfisz Quinten , Verkleij Marieke , Hartmann Michaela F. , Wang Rong , Wudy Stefan A. , Paganini Chiara , Rossi Antonio , Finken Martijn J. J.
Published: September 2022

Sulfate is the fourth most abundant anion in human plasma but is not measured in clinical practice and little is known about the consequences of sulfate deficiency. Nevertheless, sulfation plays an essential role in the modulation of numerous compounds, including proteoglycans and steroids. We report the first patient with a homozygous loss‐of‐function variant in the SLC13A1 gene, encoding a renal and intestinal sulfate transporter, which is essential for maintaining plasma sulfate levels. The homozygous (Arg12Ter) variant in SLC13A1 was found by exome sequencing performed in a patient with unexplained skeletal dysplasia. The main clinical features were enlargement of joints and spondylo‐epi‐metaphyseal radiological abnormalities in early childhood, which improved with age. In addition, autistic features were noted. We found profound hyposulfatemia due to complete loss of renal sulfate reabsorption. Cholesterol sulfate was reduced. Intravenous N‐acetylcysteine administration temporarily restored plasma sulfate levels. We conclude that loss of the SLC13A1 gene leads to profound hypersulfaturia and hyposulfatemia, which is mainly associated with abnormal skeletal development, possibly predisposing to degenerative bone and joint disease. The diagnosis might be easily missed and more frequent.
Comparing spatial conservation prioritization methods with site‐ versus spatial dependency‐based connectivity
Authors: Muenzel Dominic , Critchell Kay , Cox Courtney , Campbell Stuart J. , Jakub Raymond , Chollett Iliana , Krueck Nils , Holstein Daniel , Treml Eric A. , Beger Maria
Published: September 2022

Larval dispersal is an important component of marine reserve networks. Two conceptually different approaches to incorporate dispersal connectivity into spatial planning of these networks exist, and it is an open question as to when either is most appropriate. Candidate reserve sites can be selected individually based on local properties of connectivity or on a spatial dependency‐based approach of selecting clusters of strongly connected habitat patches. The first acts on individual sites, whereas the second acts on linked pairs of sites. We used a combination of larval dispersal simulations representing different seascapes and case studies of biophysical larval dispersal models in the Coral Triangle region and the province of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, to compare the performance of these 2 methods in the spatial planning software Marxan. We explored the reserve design performance implications of different dispersal distances and patterns based on the equilibrium settlement of larvae in protected and unprotected areas. We further assessed different assumptions about metapopulation contributions from unprotected areas, including the case of 100% depletion and more moderate scenarios. The spatial dependency method was suitable when dispersal was limited, a high proportion of the area of interest was substantially degraded, or the target amount of habitat protected was low. Conversely, when subpopulations were well connected, the 100% depletion was relaxed, or more habitat was protected, protecting individual sites with high scores in metrics of connectivity was a better strategy. Spatial dependency methods generally produced more spatially clustered solutions with more benefits inside than outside reserves compared with site‐based methods. Therefore, spatial dependency methods potentially provide better results for ecological persistence objectives over enhancing fisheries objectives, and vice versa. Different spatial prioritization methods of using connectivity are appropriate for different contexts, depending on dispersal characteristics, unprotected area contributions, habitat protection targets, and specific management objectives.

Comparación entre los métodos de priorización de la conservación espacial con sitio y la conectividad espacial basada en la dependencia
Savviness of prey to introduced predators
Authors: Wallach Arian D. , Ramp Daniel , Benítez‐López Ana , Wooster Eamonn I. F. , Carroll Scott , Carthey Alexandra J. R. , Rogers Erin I. E. , Middleton Owen , Zawada Kyle J. A. , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Avidor Ella , Lundgren Erick
Published: September 2022

The prey naivety hypothesis posits that prey are vulnerable to introduced predators because many generations in slow gradual coevolution are needed for appropriate avoidance responses to develop. It predicts that prey will be more responsive to native than introduced predators and less responsive to introduced predators that differ substantially from native predators and from those newly established. To test these predictions, we conducted a global meta‐analysis of studies that measured the wariness responses of small mammals to the scent of sympatric mammalian mesopredators. We identified 26 studies that met our selection criteria. These studies comprised 134 experiments reporting on the responses of 36 small mammal species to the scent of six introduced mesopredators and 12 native mesopredators. For each introduced mesopredator, we measured their phylogenetic and functional distance to local native mesopredators and the number of years sympatric with their prey. We used predator and prey body mass as a measure of predation risk. Globally, small mammals were similarly wary of the scent of native and introduced mesopredators; phylogenetic and functional distance between introduced mesopredators and closest native mesopredators had no effect on wariness; and wariness was unrelated to the number of prey generations, or years, since first contact with introduced mesopredators. Small mammal wariness was associated with predator‐prey body mass ratio, regardless of the nativity. The one thing animals do not seem to recognize is whether their predators are native.
Global justice and the opportunity costs of conservation
Authors: Armstrong Chris
Published: September 2022

Opportunity costs can represent a significant portion of the costs associated with conservation projects and frequently outstrip other kinds of cost. They are typically understood to refer to the benefits someone would have obtained if conservation projects had not required them to give up current activities, such as farming or hunting or if the land had been available for uses other than conservation. This familiar way of identifying opportunity costs is flawed, however, because it threatens to condone, or take advantage of, the injustices that many people face that affect their opportunities. I integrated ideas from the political theory of global justice to examine how the analysis of opportunity costs illustrates the importance of considering conservation and issues of global justice together, rather than thinking about them in isolation. I distinguish four baselines for defining opportunity costs. A status quo baseline defines opportunity costs by asking what people would have earned had a conservation project not happened. A willingness to accept baseline defines them by asking people what it would take to make them indifferent to whether a conservation project takes place or not. An antipoverty baseline suggests that opportunity costs have been met when people affected by a project are not left in poverty. An egalitarian baseline suggests opportunity costs have been met when people are not left in relative disadvantage, with worse than average opportunities. I argue that the egalitarian baseline is the most acceptable from the point of view of justice. Such a baseline would suggest that, in practice, many of the world's poor are being unjustly treated, or even exploited, as a result of conservation activities.
Evaluating the bioequivalence of two pitavastatin calcium formulations based on IVIVC modeling and clinical study
Authors: Wang Jiaying , Chen Jinliang , Wang Lu , Yang Dandan , Shao Rong , Lou Honggang , Ruan Zourong , Jiang Bo
Published: September 2022

In vitro‐in vivo correlation (IVIVC) allows prediction of the in vivo performance of a pharmaceutical product based on its in vitro drug release profiles and can be used to reduce the number of bioequivalence (BE) studies during product development, and facilitate certain regulatory decisions. Here, we developed an IVIVC model for pitavastatin calcium, a basic Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) II lipid‐lowering drug, which was then used to predict the BE outcome of formulations manufactured at two manufacturers. In addition, virtual trials using the IVIVC model using pH 4.0 acetate buffer dissolution showed similarity in areas under the curves and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) for test and reference tablets under fasting condition. These predicted results were verified in definitive BE study. In conclusion, we demonstrated that for certain BCS II molecules, IVIVC modeling could be used as a priori to predict the BE outcome.
Skills formation and (un)employment in Latin America: Evidence from Chile
Authors: Bogliaccini Juan , Madariaga Aldo , Peralta Miski
Published: September 2022

Motivation

Skills formation and training have been singled out as key policies to adapt to contemporary labour‐market challenges such as automation and skill‐biased technological change particularly in middle‐income countries such as those in Latin America. However, limited knowledge about the effects of training policies in Latin America hinders adaptation to these transformations.

Purpose

This article contributes to the limited knowledge to date about the impact of skills formation in Latin America, with reference to Chile, a country usually considered a successful case of educational achievement and employment but sharing many of the development problems of its Latin American peers. By doing this, it provides empirical evidence to substantiate existing theories explaining these problems.

Methods and approach

Using available longitudinal data from Chile (Encuesta de Protección Social, EPS), we analyse the causal effects of training on the transitions from unemployment to employment through a difference‐in‐difference (DiD) strategy.

Findings

Results suggest that there is a small but significantly positive effect of training in reducing post‐training unemployment, as yearly unemployment among individuals attending training while unemployed is reduced, on average, by two weeks.

Policy implications

Results confirm the low and highly segmented incidence of training in the region, highlighting the need to discuss the design of training programmes to improve their effects, including the creation of differentiated programmes for unemployed and employed workers. For the former, it is important to strengthen labour intermediation to overcome problems of social capital; for the latter, it is key to achieve the stronger incorporation of employers in the discussion on training and industry standards. In both cases, it is crucial to create institutions promoting stronger co‐ordination between the interested actors.
Synergistic effects of the galanin analog 810–2 with the antiseizure medication levetiracetam in rodent seizure models
Authors: Metcalf Cameron S. , Gagangras Saurabh , Bulaj Grzegorz , White H. Steve
Published: September 2022

Objective

The use of many antiseizure medications (ASMs) is limited due to pharmacoresistance and dose‐limiting side effects, suggesting an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. The neuropeptide galanin reduces seizures in several preclinical seizure and epilepsy models, but its clinical utility is limited due to rapid metabolism and poor blood–brain barrier penetration. The lead galanin analog 810–2 is systemically bioavailable and reduces seizures when administered alone. Further development of this analog, with the potential for use as an add‐on therapy in patients with epilepsy, requires a better understanding of the use of this analog in combination with approved ASMs. We sought to evaluate 810–2 in combination with commonly used ASMs in rodent models of seizures.

Methods

The mouse 6‐Hz seizure assay was used to test efficacy of 810–2 in combination with levetiracetam (LEV), valproic acid (VPA), or lacosamide (LCM) using a 1:1 dose ratio in isobolographic studies. Further characterization was performed for the combination of 810–2 and LEV in the mouse corneal kindling and rat 6‐Hz assays.

Results

Whereas the combination of 810–2 with VPA and LCM yielded additive interactions, the combination of 810–2 with LEV demonstrated a synergistic interaction in the mouse 6‐Hz assay. Supra‐additive effects were also observed in the mouse corneal kindling and rat 6‐Hz assays for this combination.

Significance

The combination of 810–2 with LEV suggests the potential for this galanin analog to be further developed as an add‐on therapy for patients with epilepsy, particularly when coadministered with LEV.