bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Ecological Aspects in Geoecological Assessment of Nonmetal Construction Materials Mining in the Oka Riverbed
Authors: Bondarev V. P. , Zagorevskaya A. O. , Myakisheva M. B. , Turykin L. A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—The evaluation of socio-ecological risks of the mining of sand-gravel mixture (SGM) from the riverbed is an important applied aspect of geo-ecological analysis. The article provides an overview of international scientific publications on this issue. The authors bring to light the most discussed, hence, the most relevant socio-ecological problems related to the extraction of SGM: a growing demand and shortage of these materials, deteriorating living conditions in areas adjacent to mining sites, deteriorating road conditions, water supply problems, increasing limitations to recreational land use, labor market distortions, rising crime, etc. The authors demonstrate that optimal management decision-making requires both an investigation of sand-gravel mining conditions and standards, and a socio-ecological assessment of the area, including the population’s environmental awareness regarding this problem; and illustrate this notion with the results of a study (semi-structured interviews in the form of a case study, combined with a quantitative pilot study) on population’s environmental concerns that has been conducted in several cities on the Oka River in the Moscow Region. The study suggests that the population’s awareness regarding the environmental issues of non-metal mineral resources extraction could be described as ranging from moderate to insufficient. The most active part of the population has an understanding of how SGM extraction affects the riverbed. However, the population’s overall appreciation of the importance of water resources for the existence of the region is rather low. The environmental concern levels could be described as moderately wary: there is subjective preoccupation with the issue of deterioration of the ecological state of the river, but there also is an understanding of the economic importance of SGM mining. Based on the conducted study, the authors provide specific recommendations as to how it could be increase the environmental awareness regarding the topic at hand. In addition, the authors stress the environmental importance of observing the regulations regarding the SGM, explain the benefits of informational support of the population and organization of educational events, and suggest conducting regular monitoring of the socio-ecological state of the region. The proposed method for identifying the levels of environmental concern of the population is believed to allow for a reduction of potential social tensions within the region.
River Sediment Runoff in the Aldan River Basin and Mining Activities
Authors: Magritsky D. V.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—The article contains the results of a study of the features and causes of a sharp decrease of water turbidity and the suspended sediment discharges of rivers (1.5–5 times) in the Aldan River basin, which has been recorded since the second half of the 1980s and 1990s. The possible factors of this decrease are considered in detail. These are the runoff and temperature of water, economic activities, and the method of measurements at the gauging stations. It was found that water runoff, in general, increased in the average range of 5–30%. The maximum water discharges on the different stations had a multidirectional trends. The water temperature, as an important factor of thermal erosion, has increased. That is, hydrological factors could not have caused such a reduction in sediment runoff. Since the 1990s, the reliability of stationary data has decreased Main reason lies in the mining industry, its degradation in the 1990s, a new revival in the XXI century, but already under the pressure of strict environmental restrictions. Using numerous open sources, the author has built a map of exploited mineral deposits, identified the main stages of their development and the parameters of mining operation. All this information allowed us to substantiate the conclusion about the similarity of long-term fluctuations in river sediment runoff and the dynamics of mining, the stages of discovery and development of deposits, changes in the structure and localization, the implementation of measures to reduce the negative impact of mining on rivers. It was also found that the data of the stations from the very beginning of their collection did not reflect the natural regime of sediment discharges and water turbidity.
Longshore Sediment Transport in Lake Ladoga Based on Analyses of the Heavy Mineral Fraction of Sand in Coastal Sediments
Authors: Anokhin V. M. , Vinogradova O. M. , Pyatov I. M. , Dudakova D. S.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—In order to identify the directions of transport of coastal sediments of Lake Ladoga, heavy mineral fraction was extracted from sand samples collected on all types of its shores. The mineral composition, size and roundness of particles − features characterising the degree of reworking of coastal sediments − were assessed under a microscopic analysis. We identified 4 clusters with similar degrees of reworking of the source material, which, based on the results of the factor analysis, were ranked by relative transport distance from insignificant to very significant. The maximum number of samples with small transport distances was found on the northern shores of the lake, which can be explained by the location of bedrock shores − the main sources of clastic material in the lake. Samples with maximum transport distances are relatively evenly distributed along all shores of the lake. The analysis of the results showed that on all shore reaches there is a transport of heavy fraction of bottom sediments in a certain direction: on the southern shore – to the west, on the western shore – to the north, on the northern shore – to the east and on the eastern shore – to the south-east. This allows us to conclude that there is a long-term trend of coastal sediment transport along the shores of Lake Ladoga in a clockwise direction.
Formation of River Channel Branches, Their Morphology and Typing
Authors: Chalov R. S. , Golubtsov G. B. , Kurakova A. A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—Based on many years of research, a justification is given for a complete classification of branches that form morphologically homogeneous areas in different geological and geomorphological conditions, which are formed in branches of branches of different structural levels and in channels of other morphodynamic types. An analysis of the conditions for the formation of river channel branches, their morphology, deformations and reformations showed that the classification must take into account the structural levels of branches and their morphodynamic types; separately highlight the diversity of branches in a winding channel, forming a separate type of channel or morphologically homogeneous areas; take into account single branches at bends, in a straight channel and in the branches of branches; highlight floodplain multi-branching, secondary coastal or near-island branches, as well as branching of the second and third orders. The arms of channel (island) branches can be gentle bends, the spurs of which are islands; straight channel; branching of the second and third orders, the combination of which creates different types of branching in the arms. The development of a classification of branchings, as well as the morphodynamic classification of river channels of the Moscow State University in general, makes it possible to refine it as the branching of river channels is studied, to create new levels (blocks) in it, allowing to take into account the increasing morphological and dynamic diversity of branches and the conditions of their formation.
Integrated Assessment of the Geomorphological Hazard of the Mining Territories within the Baikal Region
Authors: Еremenko Е. А. , Belyaev Yu. R. , Bolysov S. I. , Bredikhin A. V. , Bityukova V. R.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—A method for calculating the complex index of the eco-geomorphological hazard of mining territories according to their influence on the ecological situation in the Baikal region is proposed. The described approach makes it possible to characterize in detail the consequences of mining for the ecological situation in the region. The proposed assessment takes into account not only the area of disturbed lands, but also other factors affecting the possibility of transport of pollutants and the degree of their hazard (in particular, the type of raw material extracted, the geomorphological position of the mining territories, the degree of the anthropogenic transformation of landscapes, the composition of anthropogenic deposits and the degree of reclamation of disturbed lands). To test the methodology, the complex index of the eco-geomorphological hazard of lands disturbed by mining was calculated for municipalities of the Baikal region for 2020. Municipalities were ranked according to the value of the complex index and a corresponding map was compiled.
Contemporary Dynamics in Vegetation of the Polar and Subpolar Regions of Western Siberia Using Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Fakhretdinov A. V.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—Trends in the climatogenic dynamics of phytomass on the sites located along the borders of Western Siberia’s natural zones (the border of frozen and unfrozen bogs, the border of taiga and open boreal woodlands, and the northern boundary of the distribution of woody vegetation) were spotted based on the vegetation index NDVI derived using the sensors of the MODIS-Terra satellite for the period 2000–2020. The assessment of the vegetation dynamics and the factors that determine it was conducted with the use of the mean and maximum NDVI values and the relation of the index with basic climatic variables. A positive trend of NDVI caused by an increase in air temperature and precipitation was revealed in all the studied areas. The phytomass of open boreal larch woodlands grew the most strongly, and the greatest interannual variability was noted there. A correlation analysis conducted on the basis of the NDVI mean values displayed that improvements in vegetation growth conditions in tundra are mainly caused by the impact of the average summer temperature. The increase in phytomass in taiga is mostly connected with the presence of a tree stand that better retains snow cover, which contributes to less freezing of the ground during the cold season.
Compressible Flows with Oscillating Boundaries
Authors: Logvinov O. A.
Published: April 2024

The flow of a viscous compressible heat-conducting fluid in a plane channel with rigid oscillating walls is considered. It is shown that even a vanishingly small compressibility can be the reason for the onset of a resonance, i.e., sharp increase in the amplitude of oscillations of the flow parameters at a properly selected wall oscillation frequency. An exact analytical expression for the leading resonant frequency is given. Numerical calculations have demonstrated the possibility of a cumulative effect, namely, sharp increase in the mass flow rate even at constant pressure gradient.
Solution of the Inverse Problem of Calculating a Gas–Liquid Injector with a Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Zotikova P. V. , Kucherov N. A. , Lepeshinskii I. A. , Reshetnikov V. A.
Published: April 2024

We consider the possibility of solving the inverse problem of calculating a gas–liquid jet injector with a bubbly two-phase flow structure. The parameters governing the injector operation, such as the pressure difference, the orifice diameter, and the air concentration, are determined for the given value of the mean Sauter diameter. For this purpose, the operation of a mixer with a two-phase working body and injectors of different diameters was experimentally investigated in the bubbly operation regime with a water–air working body. In the experiments the parameters of the phases supplied to the mixer (flow rates, pressures, and temperatures) were measured, together with the pressure ahead of the injector. The dispersity and velocity parameters in the spray were measured using the laser shadow method. The statistics thus gathered allow one to obtain the required correlation dependences which makes it possible to solve the problem formulated.
Estimation of the Efficiency of Oil Displacement by a Micellar Solution with Addition of Nanoparticles Based on a Bulk Model of Porous Medium
Authors: Mullayanov A. I. , Pityuk Yu. A.
Published: April 2024

The results of laboratory studies of the features of processes of flow through a porous medium are given for a physical model of the porous medium obtained by sintering glass beads. The program for manufacturing physical models is described and the results of the efficiency of displacement of vaseline oil by various compositions are presented. Water, mineralized water, micellar solutions, nanofluids, and micellar solutions with addition of nanoparticles were considered as the displacement agents. Based on an analysis of images, curves of variation in the saturation of the model porous medium with vaseline oil in the process of its displacement by various compositions are obtained. The micellar solutions with addition of nanoparticles were shown to be the most effective oil displacement agents in comparison with other presented compositions.
Effect of Cavitator and Nozzle Parameters on the Efficiency job of the impulse Jet Generator
Authors: Ocheretanyi S. A. , Prokof’ev V. V.
Published: April 2024

Studies of fluid jet flows in the presence of a ventilated cavity with a negative cavitation number, carried out at the Institute of Mechanics of Moscow State University, showed that under certain conditions, self-cavitational oscillations with a high intensity of pressure pulsations occur in such a hydraulic system. It was shown that it is possible in principle to use the self-oscillation regime to create periodic impulsed jets during outflow from a converging nozzle into the atmosphere. The influence of the parameters of the cavitator and the outlet nozzle on the intensity of the impact of the outflowing liquid on the screen located perpendicular to the outflow direction is studied. It is shown that an increase in the length of the nozzle can significantly increase the efficiency of the generator, and a smooth narrowing of the channel in front of the cavitator can increase the operating range of the generator in the direction of larger gas blows. It is shown that there is a scale effect - with increasing head pressure, the relative intensity of self-oscillations decreases, but tends to reach a horizontal asymptote.
Action of a Pulsating Source in a Fluid in the Presence of a Shear Layer
Authors: Sturova I. V.
Published: April 2024

The two-dimensional unsteady problem of the development of wave motion in a two-layer finite-depth fluid bounded from above by a free surface is solved. The cases in which one of the layers is at rest in the unperturbed state and in other layer (near-surface or near-bottom) the horizontal flow velocity varies linearly with depth are considered. The dispersion relations and the group velocities of three wave modes arising in the presence of shear flow are determined. The vertical displacements of the free surface caused by switching-on of a pulsating source located in the initially immobile fluid layer are calculated. The problem is considered in a linear formulation, the fluid is assumed to be ideal and incompressible.
Nonisothermal Fluid Flow in a Well during Induction Heating of the Casing String
Authors: Davletshin F. F. , Akchurin R. Z. , Sharafutdinov R. F. , Islamov D. F.
Published: April 2024

The distinctive features of the flow velocity and temperature fields of ascending fluid flow in a metal round pipe (round casing string installed in a production well) under the conditions of its local induction heating are studied. The results of investigation are based on numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations in the Boussinesq–Oberbeck approximation. The calculations were performed using the Ansys Fluent software package (license ANSYS Academic Research CFD under the agreement with the Bashkir State University dated June 15, 2020). The fluid flow rates of 10 and 50 m3 per day are considered. Such flow rates correspond to the laminar and transitional flow regimes in the casing pipe. It is found that local perturbations of the velocity and temperature fields are presented in the near-wall region of the heated casing. Fluid temperature perturbations reach several Kelvin degrees, the local flow velocity which increases due to natural thermal convection in the near-wall region of the casing string being several times higher than the cross-section-average flow velocity. The occurrence of areas of vortex flow motion over the interval of induction heating due to natural thermal convection is shown.
Numerical modeling of turbulent puffs evolution
Authors: Zasimova M. A. , Ris V. V. , Ivanov N. G.
Published: April 2024

The results of numerical simulation of the formation and motion of turbulent puffs resulting from the blowing of pulsed jets with different initial velocities and durations are presented. A model of an axisymmetric turbulent flow described by non-stationary Reynolds equations is adopted. It is shown that, regardless of the initial conditions, after the same dimensionless time interval from the instant the jet outflow begins, a vortex cloud appears, which has a spherical shape of vortex. The vortex-induced flow in the rest of the space is close to potential. It has been established that the velocity profiles in vortices in the axial and transverse directions are close to self-similar and are similar for different conditions of the outflow of pulsed jets. Time dependences of the geometric and kinematic characteristics of puffs are presented and analyzed: the position of the cloud center (points with maximum velocity) and the radius of a sphere equivalent in volume to a puff, as well as maximum and average velocities. For the studied jet outflow conditions, the characteristics of puffs turn out to be similar.
Investigation of Heat Transfer Regimes in Subsonic Dissociated-Nitrogen Jets of a High-Frequency Induction Plasmatron under Additional Surface Heating by Laser Radiation
Authors: Vasil’evskii S. A. , Galkin S. S. , Kolesnikov A. F. , Kotov M. A. , Lukomskii I, V. , Solovyev N. G. , Tepteeva E. S. , Chaplygin A. V. , Shemyakin A. N. , Yakimov M. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The heat transfer to a cylindrical water-cooled copper model was experimentally investigated in an induction VGU-4 high-frequency (HF) plasmatron of the Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The model, 30 mm in diameter, equipped with a calorimetric transducer with a heat-adsorbing graphite surface, 13.8 mm in diameter, was exposed to the surface heating in the combined regime by nitrogen plasma and laser radiation and in the cases of the heating with only laser radiation or a nitrogen plasma jet. The experiments in the HF-plasmatron jets were performed at the pressure in the setup low-pressure chamber p = 1 × 104 Pa, nitrogen mass flow rate G = 2.4 g/s, and the plasmatron HF-generator anode power Na.p. = 22 kW. It is established that in the chosen experimental regimes the dissociated-nitrogen jet and the high-frequency induction discharge do not produce a considerable effect on the laser beam passing through them. The values of the heat flux density are obtained as functions of the laser radiation power delivered. The subsonic nitrogen plasma flow in the quartz discharge channel and in the low-pressure chamber of the VGU-4 setup is numerically modeled under the experimental conditions basing on the solution of the complete Navier–Stokes equations using the Patankar–Spalding method.
Investigation of the Mechanism of Interaction of the Hydrocarbon Flame with an Electric Field
Authors: Vlasov P. A. , Pankrat’eva I. L. , Polyanskii V. A.
Published: April 2024

One of the possible mechanisms of the interaction of a bounded combustion region (flame) with an applied electric field is considered. The investigation is based on application of the electrohydrodynamics (EHD) methods to describe chemically reacting multicomponent nonequilibrium partially ionized gas mixtures. It is shown that zones of space electric charge are formed in the neighborhood of the flame boundaries under certain conditions. These zones can be affected by the electric field. The nature of modification of these zones under the influence of the electric field is investigated.
Calculation of linear stability of fluid flow in a flat channel with walls wavy across the flow
Authors: Trifonov Yu. Y.
Published: April 2024

Using the full Navier-Stokes equations, the linear stability of a plane Poiseuille flow in a channel with a corrugated bottom wall is considered. The wall is corrugated across the flow, and the main flow has one velocity component. The perturbations of the velocity and pressure fields are three-dimensional with two wave numbers. The generalized eigenvalue problem is solved numerically. It is found that the critical Reynolds number, above which time-increasing disturbances appear, depends in a complex way on the dimensionless amplitude and the corrugation period. The magnitude of the ratio of the amplitude and the corrugation period divides the area of the dimensionless amplitude of the corrugation into two, where the dependences of the critical Reynolds number on the parameters of the corrugation are qualitatively different.
Deformations and Wave Forces in the Motion of a Load on an Ice Cover in the Presence of a Current with Velocity Shear
Authors: Tkacheva L. A.
Published: April 2024

The deformations of an ice cover on the surface of an ideal incompressible fluid of finite depth under the action of a pressure domain that moves rectilinearly at a constant velocity in the presence of a current with velocity shift, as well as the wave forces exerted on a moving body, are studied. Fluid flow is not potential. The ice cover is modeled by a thin elastic plate with account for uniform compression. The motion of the load can occur at an arbitrary angle to the direction of current. It is assumed that the ice deflection is steady in the coordinate system moving with the load. The Fourier transform method is used within the framework of the linear wave theory. The maximum deformations of ice cover and the wave forces are studied depending on the current velocity gradient, the direction of motion, and the compression ratio.
The Effect of Boundary Conditions on the Modeling of Anomalous Intensification of Turbulent Heat Transfer in an Inclined Groove in the Wall of a Narrow Channel
Authors: Isaev S. A. , Sudakov A. G. , Nikushchenko D. V. , Kharchenko V. B. , Iunakov L. P.
Published: April 2024

The effect of the boundary conditions of the first and second kind on the predicted characteristics of anomalous heat transfer intensification in the case of turbulent low-velocity air flow over an inclined groove in the hot wall of a narrow channel is numerically investigated. It is shown that the isothermality conditions lead to a considerable underestimation of the thermal efficiency of a surface structured with narrow grooves, compared with the conditions of heat flux constancy.
Tests for Validation Problems of Anomalous Separated Flow and Heat Transfer Enhancement on Structured Surfaces with Extraordinary Pressure Drops
Authors: Isaev S. A. , Sudakov A. G. , Nikushenko D. V. , Usachev A. E. , Zubin M. A. , Sinyavin A. A. , Chulunin A. Yu. , Dubko E. B.
Published: April 2024

New tests are presented for application packages and turbulence models for validation problems of high-intensity vortex flows near structured energy-efficient surfaces. The idea of testing is based on the discovery of anomalous intensification of separated flows and heat transfer in inclined grooves on plates and channel walls. In the grooves, due to the extraordinary pressure drops, confirmed by experiments, swirling flows are generated with high velocities of the return and secondary flow, comparable to the speed of the external flow. Also, high-gradient zones with friction and heat transfer are formed inside the grooves, many times (from 1.5–2 to 7–9 times) exceeding friction and heat transfer on a flat wall. As an example, the VP2/3 package, developed on the basis of original multi-block computing technologies and using multi-scale intersecting grids, is being tested. Comparison of numerical predictions with Zubin’s experiments confirmed high static pressure drops between the stagnation zone on the windward slope of the inclined groove and the negative pressure region at the site of generation of a tornado-like flow on the inlet spherical segment, and also demonstrated the acceptability of the RANS approach for predicting the characteristics of high-intensity swirling flows.
Self-similar flows with a shock wave moving towards the center or axis of symmetry
Authors: Valiev H. F. , Kraiko A. N.
Published: April 2024

One-dimensional flows of an ideal (inviscous and non-thermal-conducting) perfect gas with adiabatic index γ behind a shock wave moving towards the center (ν = 3) or towards the axis (ν = 2) of symmetry along a stationary cold gas are studied. Flows with a reflected shock wave and flows that end with the simultaneous arrival of a shock wave and a piston at the center of symmetry, compressing the gas into a point or line, are allowed.
Distribution of Polychaete Communities in the West Spitsbergen
Authors: Dikaeva D. R.
Published: April 2024

Based on the material collected in the expeditions conducted by MMBI in 2019, new data on the distribution of polychaete communities in the area of Western Spitsbergen was obtained, complimenting and refining the results of previous studies. Species complexes of polychaetes have been identified in the study area. The composition of said complexes is mainly determined by the complexity of seabed topography shaping the constitution and structure of the sediment, coupled with specifics of the hydrological regime as a result of Atlantic and Arctic water mass interaction. The distribution of polychaete communities is compared with the results of previous studies.
Histological Assessment of the Laboratory Rats Skin after Thermal Damages Treated with Nanosecond Microwave Pulses
Authors: Gostyukhina A. A. , Yartsev V. V. , Samoylova A. V. , Bolshakov M. A. , Evseeva S. S. , Mochalova V. M. , Zaitsev K. V. , Kutenkov O. P. , Rostov V. V.
Published: April 2024

The effect of nanosecond repetitively pulsed microwave radiation (RPMR, 10 GHz, 100 ns pulse duration, 8 Hz pulse repetition rate, 140 W/cm2 peak power flux density (pPFD)) on the treatment of a model thermal burn of the skin of laboratory rats was investigated. It is established that after 4-fold local irradiation, the rate of wound healing increases; it is due to the accelerated formation of granulation tissue and a decrease in the thickness of the scab, which ensures scarless healing.
Transport Functions of Serum Immunoglobulins Among the Residents of the European Arctic of the Russian Federation
Authors: Pashinskaya K. O. , Samodova A. V. , Dobrodeeva L. K.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents data on the level of serum immunoglobulins in residents of the North and Arctic of the European territory of the Russian Federation. In people living in the Arctic, the average concentration of IgM, IgA and IgE is 1.4–2.6 times higher, the frequency of elevated concentrations is 2.4–8.8 times higher. A high frequency of IgG deficiency of 72.3% was established, which indicates inhibition of switching of antibody synthesis with a predominant predominance of IgM and IgA. In an unfavorable climate, the spectrum of antigenic structures increases and expands significantly. Activation of antibody production is due to an increased level of antigenic effects on the body and an increase in the content, diversity in the intravascular environment of tissue metabolism products with the properties of autoantigens. It was revealed that the concentration of immunoglobulins is significant in the formation of circulating immune complexes (CIC). In residents of the Arctic of the European territory of the Russian Federation, increased concentrations of IgM and IgA are associated with an increase in the content of neutrophil granulocytes and interferon-gamma cytokine (IFN-γ), which in turn is aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of the clearance of waste products in hypoxia.
Diversity and Transformation of the Freshwater Planktonic Protist Community Along the Estuarine Tributary Zone of the Large Plainland Reservoir: 18S RRNA Gene Metabarkoding
Authors: Umanskaya M. V. , Gorbunov M. Yu. , Bykova S. V. , Tarasova N. G.
Published: April 2024

The first data on the composition and diversity of summer planktonic protist community in the Usinsky Bay and the adjacent water area of the Kuibyshev Reservoir, obtained using high-throughput sequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene, are presented. In the structure of the protist community, 1150 OTUs were found, among which representatives of the SAR supertaxon (Stramenopiles-Alveolata-Rhizaria) predominate. In the jointed library, OTUs are dominated by Stramenopiles, represented, in descending order, by Chrysophyceae (8.5%), Opalozoa (8.3%), Diatomea (4.7%), and Oomycetes (Peronosporomycetes) (3.7%), and by the number of sequences, by Alveolata (62.0%) and, first of all, Ciliata (56.9%). Four interconnected communities of protists were distinguished: the river section, the bay itself, the mouth zone, and the reservoir outside the influence of the bay (above the mouth). The most contrasting were the communities of the river area and the area of the reservoir above the mouth. In general, the studied estuarine system has the features of both an ecocline and an ecotone. The development of the phototrophic component of eukaryotic plankton is mainly influenced by competitive relationships with cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial “bloom” also affects the structure of the heterotrophic part of the community, although this effect is less pronounced. The development of Archaeplastida, Rhizaria, and minor groups of protists positively correlates with the proportion of Metazoa sequences in samples, which reflects the intensity of metazooplankton pressure. Some of the obtained sequences belong to taxa rarely found in freshwater, such as Bolidophyceae and Rhodelphida. These finds expand the biogeography of these groups, which have so far been found in very few freshwater reservoirs.
Аnticoagulation Effects of Leucine-Containing Glyprolines in Hypercoagulation
Authors: Grigorieva M. E. , Obergan T. Y. , Lyapina L. A.
Published: April 2024

The effects of two leucine-containing glyproline peptides Leu-Pro-Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu, including leucine from the N- and C-ends of the molecules, on the parameters of platelet (primary) and plasma hemostasis were studied. Peptides were administered intranasally for 5 days at a daily dose of 500 mcg/kg of body weight under conditions of hypercoagulation caused by intravenous administration of tissue thromboplastin to metabolic syndrome rats on high-calorie diet. Both peptides contributed to an increase in all types of fibrinolysis (total, enzymatic and non-enzymatic), anticoagulant activity and a decrease in platelet aggregation in rat blood plasma compared with the control. The maximum anticoagulant effect was established in a peptide containing leucine from the C-terminus.
Physiological Responses of Cucumber Plants to Sodium Lignosulfonate Application to Sandy Loam Soil
Authors: Ikkonen E. N. , Yrkevich M. G.
Published: April 2024

The use of lignosulfonates (LS) to improve soil fertility is currently under study and discussion. The effect of sodium LS application in the sandy loam soil on the accumulation of biomass, photosynthesis, respiration and their coupling in cucumber plants was studied. The LS rate of 10–25 g/kg did not have a significant effect on the studied parameters of the physiological state of plants. However, at a high LS content (50–100 g/kg), the plant growth rate and activity of the photosynthetic apparatus decreased, and the respiration rate increased, which caused the increase in the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis. The negative effect of high concentrations of LS on the physiological state of cucumber plants and their cold resistance is presumably associated with sodium salinization of the soil.
Insect Mortality Caused by Baculovirus: a Model of Second-Order Phase Transitions
Authors: Soukhovolsky V. G. , Kurenschikov D. K. , Ivanova Yu. D. , Kovalev A. V.
Published: April 2024

Baculoviruses, especially prevalent in Lepidoptera, have attracted the most attention as biological insect control agents. Infection with baculoviruses is usually fatal and therefore can affect host population density, especially if virus transmission increases with host density. Lepidoptera larvae show a strong dose-dependent response to pathogens such as baculoviruses, so their response to various pathogen exposures was studied in the present work. Models of virus exposure to insect hosts are usually judged by whether or not they generate cyclical population dynamics of multiple host generations. However, the existing theoretical models based on systems of differential equations are of little use for practical application due to the large number of variables and free parameters. In this regard, the possibility of using a mathematical model for describing the epizootic Malacosoma neustria L. and Lymantria dispar L. under the influence of nuclear polyhedrosis virus is considered. To assess the sensitivity of insects to the effects of baculoviruses, laboratory experiments were carried out on the mortality of caterpillars under various infectious loads. In this paper, we consider the possibility of constructing a model for the lifetime of insects after exposure to baculoviruses as an analogue of a second-order phase transition in physical systems and give estimates of the model parameters for two insect species at different titers of baculoviruses and at different ages of caterpillars. The dependence of the parameters of the proposed model on nuclear polyhedrosis virus strains is shown. The importance of the applied parameters for the organization of forest protection measures is substantiated.
Influence of Different Methods of Obtaining of Solid Dispersions and Crystals of Fenbendazole on Biological Activity
Authors: Arkhipov I. A. , Movsesyan S. O. , Khalikov S. S. , Khakina E. A. , Varlamova A. I. , Khalikov M. S. , Ilyin M. M.
Published: April 2024

Fenbendazole (FBZ) is one of the most widely used drugs in veterinary medicine. Modification of its physicochemical properties, in particular the parameter of solubility, contributes to a change of its biological activity, that is shown on the model of trichinellosis of white mice. The analysis of methods of obtaining new preparations of fenbendazole is presented: solid dispersions of fenbendazole with polymers, as well as the combinations with polymers and succinic acid (SA) and mixed crystals of FBZ with SA. The concentration of the active substance, stability and effect on biological activity were studied.
Additional Elements in the Posterior Part of the First and Second Upper Molars in Lasiopodomys (Stenocranius) gregalis (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Cheprakov M. I.
Published: April 2024

It was found that the variability of additional elements in the posterior part of the first and second upper molars in L. gregalis forms a morphological module with a hierarchical structure. This module is designated as an atypical form (Atypical Form), and its phenotype as AF. The phenotype of the typical form is designated as tf (typical form). The main component of modular variability is an increase in the frequency of individuals with AF phenotype with age. The severity of this phenotype also increases with age. The presence of the AF phenotype in individuals is determined monogenously. Individuals with the AF phenotype are dominant heterozygotes or homozygotes. Which phenotype (tf or AF) the dominant heterozygote implements may depend on the influence of modifier genes. The revealed morphological module of the presence of additional elements in the posterior part of the first and second upper molars has a genetic basis.
Multiple Chromosomal Polymorphism in Birch Mice of the Subtilis Group (Rodentia, Dipodoidea, Sicista) from Saratov Right Bank
Authors: Baskevich M. I. , Oparin M. L.
Published: April 2024

Cytogenetic analysis (routine, G-, C-, AgNOR-chromosome banding) allowed to obtain new data on chromosomal polymorphism in the population (n = 13) of Sicista sp. 1, representative of the Sicista subtilis group from the Saratov Region, right bank of Volga River. It was shown that in the studied polymorphic population of a species from the northern part of the species' range (Voskresensky district of the Saratov region) the diploid number of chromosomes varies from 2n = 22 to 2n = 24, and the number of autosome arms from NFa = 39 to NFa = 44, and the sample includes the following 6 karyotype variants: with 2n = 24, NFa = 44; 2n = 24, NFa = 43; 2n = 23, NFa = 40; 2n = 23, NFa = 41; 2n = 22, NFa = 39; 2n = 22, NFa = 40. Based on G‑banding method, the determined intrapopulation chromosomal polymorphism in Sicista sp. 1 was defined by two chromosomal rearrangements: tandem translocation involving two biarmed autosomes No 4 and 10 and a pericentric inversion of pair No 6. In the studied sample (n = 13), a stable advantage of heterozygotes was revealed for both structural chromosomal mutations and the chromosomal polymorphism is characterized as balanced or heterozygous. The potential role of the identified polymorphism in chromosomal evolution and adaptive strategy of the species is discussed.
The Kava River Basin (Northern Okhotsk Area) as a Hotspot of Aquatic Macrophyte Diversity in Northern Pacific
Authors: Bobrov A. A. , Mochalova O. A. , Chemeris E. V.
Published: April 2024

Aquatic macrophytes of the Kava River basin in northern Okhotsk area are represented by 4 species of macroalgae and 51 species and 4 hybrids of vascular plants. Flora of the Magadan Region was completed by 3 species and 3 hybrids: Aegagropilopsis moravica, Equisetum arvense × E. scirpoides, Elatine aff. triandra vel americana, Potamogeton × vepsicus, Sparganium chlorocarpum and S. chlorocarpum × S. gramineum. Almost all species of aquatic vascular plants protected in the Magadan Region (10 out of 11) are concentrated and abundant in the Kava River basin, 3 “red listed” species in the Khabarovsk Territory were also found in its basin and with a high abundance. Basing on floristic diversity, water bodies are grouped according to the similarity of environmental conditions, and not according to their geographical location. Almost all diversity of aquatic macrophytes is concentrated in lakes. The lake-river system of the Chukcha River, one of the major tributary of the Kava River, is distinguished here by the greatest diversity and concentration of rare taxa, because it is the most isolated from the cold sea winds. Rich aquatic flora and vegetation in the Kava River basin had emerged and are now sustained due to the special favorable microclimatic conditions of the closed valley of a large river, the existence of numerous water bodies of different ages and genesis with a wide variation in hydrological and hydrochemical parameters, the possibility of moving the propagules of aquatic plants along a well-developed lake-river network. The unique lake-river system of the Kava River requires increased attention and protection.
The initial of Autonomic Tone Determines the Development of Irreversible Myocardial Ischemia in Rats
Authors: Morozova M. P. , Kurenkova A. D. , Volkova Ju. L. , Berdalin A. B. , Banzeluk E. N. , Umarova B. A. , Lukoshkova E. V. , Gavrilova S. A.
Published: April 2024

The method of HRV analysis in rats was used to evaluate the relationship between the initial level of total HRV and regulatory changes in the work of the heart before and on days 1, 3, and 28 after the modeling of irreversible ischemia (II). According to the level of total HRV, rats were divided into two groups: with initially “low” and “high” levels of HRV, the LV (SDRR = 5.0 ms) and HV (SDRR = 8.2 ms) groups. LV and HV rats reacted differently to the cold test before and after II. Three days after II, LV rats had a better preservation of the autonomic regulation of the heart, and 28 days later, a smaller size of myocardial damage and mortality. In HV rats, the number of mast cells in the ischemic focus was higher, and in the zone unaffected by ischemia, the proportion of degranulated cells was higher than in LV rats.
Spatially Temporal Synchronicity of the Population Dynamics of the Nortern Red-Backed Vole (Myodes rutilus Pall.) in Northern European Russia
Authors: Bobretsov A. V. , Kalinin A. A. , Saburova L. Ya. , Sivkov A. V.
Published: April 2024

The analysis of the conjugacy of the dynamics of nortern red−backed vole (Myodes rutilus Pall.) populations between 9 localities of the Komi Republic and the Arkhangelsk region, the distance between which varied from 88 to 947 km. Asynchronous oscillations were observed between 1965 and 2006. As the geographical distance between localities increased, spatial synchronization decreased. In the period from 2007 to 2018, there were already agreed changes in the number of this species throughout the territory. One of the likely factors for changing the spatial synchronicity of population dynamics is climate change.
Thyroid and Sex Steroid Hormones in Immature and Precocious Brown Trout Salmo trutta
Authors: Ganzha E. V. , Pavlov E. D. , Ruchiev M. A. , Pavlov D. S.
Published: April 2024

The content of thyroid and sex steroid hormones in the blood of immature and precocious trout Salmo trutta at the final stage of the formation of early maturing fishes (age 1+, 2+) in the population was determined. The formation period of early maturing males varies in different years in Alatsoya River (Karelia). Fish can reach sexual maturity at the age of 1+ or 2+. Immature and precocious trout at the age of 1+ and 2+ do not differ in the free and total triiodothyronine and free thyroxine content. Immature females and males aged 1+ and 2+ also do not differ in the level of sex steroid hormones. In contrast to immature brown trout, precocious males aged 2+ are characterized by an increased content of testosterone and a reduced level of estradiol-17β in the blood. It has been established that the final stage of the formation of early maturing fishes in the population is characterized by a weak involvement of the thyroid gland in the maturation process of males. Also, it was shown that the rate of conversion of testosterone to estradiol-17β in their blood was a significant decrease (4 times). This transformation in all studied females and males of brown trout is associated with their body length. The rate of formation of estradiol-17β in fish was increased with increasing of body length.
Reproductive Success of Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó at the Northern Border of Its Distribution Range
Authors: Kirillova I. A. , Kirillov D. V.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents data on the population structure, morphometric features of plants and seeds and some aspects of reproductive biology (fruit set, seed productivity) of Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó (Orchidaceae) on the northern border of its distribution area (the Komi Republic, northeast Russia). We found statistically significant decrease of seed size and flowers number per inflorescence from south to north within of the species distribution area. In the Komi Republic, the seed productivity of Dactylorhiza fuchsii was found to be lower than in the southern parts of its distribution area: one fruit contains an average of 2900 ± 80 seeds, the average real seed productivity of the generative plant is 24800 seeds. Despite the declination of some reproductive success indicators, in the northern territories the species forms quite large, well-regenerating populations.
The Effect of the Probiotic “Subtilis-C” on the Lactoferrin Content in the Blood and Epidermal Secretions of “Feeding” Discus Fish
Authors: Pronina G. I. , Sanaya O. V. , Revyakin A. O.
Published: April 2024

Probiotics modulate the immune response, displace pathogenic microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract, and increase the survival rate of larvae. The object of the study was selected discus feeding offspring with an epidermal secret similar in a set of components to mammalian milk. Lactoferrin is found in the blood and skin secretions of discus, it has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiparasitic activity. The addition of the probiotic ”Subtilis-C” to the diet of nursing discus increases the production of lactoferrin in the epidermal secretions of parents, and also contributes to better survival of larvae and fry of fish.
Intrabreed Diversity and Relationships between Races of Honey Bee Apis mellifera carpathica and Apis mellifera caucasica
Authors: Triseleva T. A. , Safonkin A. F. , Bykova T. O. , Rukhkyan M. J.
Published: April 2024

Based on the analysis of 94 sequences of the mtDNA CO1 gene, the intrabreed diversity and evolutionary relationships of bees from Russia, Ukraine, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Poland were studied. We revealed two main haplotypes corresponding to the races A. m. carpathica and A. m. caucasica, common in the studied regions. However, in Armenia bees of the Caucasian race predominate, and in Poland – Carpathian. A. m. caucasica has higher haplotype diversity: one of its haplotypes is formed by samples of bees from the Crimean mountain breed, possibly an independent race A. m. taurica. There are 2 clusters on the phylogenetic tree: one cluster includes A. m. mellifera and A. m. iberica (evolutionary line M), the other (line C) ‒ A. m. ligustica, A. m. carpathica, A. m. caucasica. Haplotypes of A. m. caucasica have more substitutions per site, indicating their earlier origin compared to A. m. ligustica and A. m. carpathica. According to the time of divergence of A. mellifera and A. cerana at 6 Ma, the divergence of all races of line C is estimated from 1.3 to 0.6 Ma; races A. m. caucasica 0.35–0.25 million, A. m. carpathica – 0.2–0.04 million. When using universal primers with optimization of amplification conditions for the mtDNA CO1 gene region, a nonsynonymous G/A SNP was detected in position 4 (680 bp) which can be used to identify A. m. carpathica from A. m. ligustica.
Shedding of a Thick Layer of Glycocalyx in Cystacanth of the Acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus tenuirostris (Achmerov et Dombrowskaja – Achmerova, 1941)
Authors: Davydenko T. V. , Nikishin V. P.
Published: April 2024

An electron microscopic study of the teguments of the late acanthella and the cystacanth acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus tenuirostris obtained in the experiment was carried out. The late acanthella is characterized by a bilayer cyst and signs of intense secretion in the surface part of the tegument. A cystacanth is characterized by a cyst and a thick layer of glycocalyx on the surface of the tegument, which are closely adjacent to each other along their entire length. During the preparation of some cystacanths, the cyst received mechanical damage; in these cystacanths, shedding of a thick layer of glycocalyx and associated cyst was observed.
Basic Limitations of Self-Organisation on Examples of High- and Low-Integrated Very Complex Systems (Mammalian Skeleton Elements and Mammalian Fossil Assemblages): from Empirical Evidences to the Theory
Authors: Puzachenko A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

A high variety is a characteristic attribute of any material phenomena and processes involving living matter, i.e., very complex systems (VCC). We verified the presence of fundamental constraints on size/shape diversity and self-organization on the example of a mammalian skeleton in four orders (41 species.) The properties of more than 4700 multidimensional descriptive models of VCC were studied. A self-organization index R (0 ≤ R ≤ 1) was calculated for each model, its range of variability was mainly limited to the interval from ~0.10 to ~0.30. The concepts of an abstract Ashby’ regulator and the Shannon-Hartley theorem were used to explain the variation in the empirical data. It was concluded that there are significant constraints on a quality of morphological diversity regulation and the possible level of self-organization of VCCs for steady states.