bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physico- Chemical and Microbial Properties of Surface and Groundwater Resources: Case Study of Kogi State, Central Nigeria
Authors: Mepaiyeda Seyi , Madi Kakaba
Published: January 2018

Analysis of water resources of this area was carried out in order to assessing the water quality by determining the concentrations of Cations, Anions, Heavy metals, Trace elements, PH, Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids and microbial loads in water samples. Ten (10) water samples were collected from the study area - samples each of rain water, two pond waters - 1 and 2, stream water, four (4) hand-dug wells, hand pump water and a motorized borehole. The results obtained were compared with WHO standards and it showed that all the cations in water samples are within the limits. The water samples at locations B, E, F, G, H, I, and J have high alkalinity and HC0-3 content. The heavy metals (Pb, Ni and Cd) and trace elements (Fe and Cu) are dominantly high in the surface waters. Microbiological substances in the water samples from the study area revealed indicator organisms higher than the WHO standard for drinking water. Samples obtained from location G, I and J recorded an absence of E. coli and are fit for human consumptions but needed to be treated due to high MPN (Most Probable Number) index of viable microorganisms as against WHO standard. This research showed that the water resources of the study area are gradually polluted and in the near future may not be good for drinking.
A Methodology for Design and Analysis of Sensor Fusion with Real Data in UAV Platforms
Authors: García Jesús , Molina Jose Manuel , Trincado Jorge
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a methodology to design sensor fusion parameters using real performance indicators of navigation in UAVs based on PixHawk flight controller and peripherals. This methodology and the selected performance indicators allows to find the best parameters for the fusion system of a determined configuration of sensors and a predefined real mission. The selected real platform is described with stress on available sensors and data processing software, and the experimental methodology is proposed to characterize sensor data fusion output and determine the best choice of parameters using quality measurements of tracking output with performance metrics not requiring ground truth.
Ingesta de Proteína, Lípidos Séricos y Fuerza Muscular en Ancianos
Authors: Amador-Licona Norma , Moreno-Vargas Evelin Valeria , Martinez-Cordero Claudia
Published: January 2018

ResumenIntroducción: La recomendación diaria de proteína para adultos es 0.8g/kg/día; sin embargo, varios estudios argumentan que una ingesta de 1.0-1.5g proteína/kg/día podría beneficiar la salud de los ancianos.Objetivo: evaluamos la ingesta de proteína y los niveles de lípidos séricos en ancianos con fractura de cadera determinando su correlación con la fuerza de prensión en ambas manos.Métodos: El estudio incluyó 47 pacientes adultos de 65-85 años hospitalizados por reciente fractura de cadera. Se midió peso, talla, perfil de lípidos y fuerza muscular de ambas manos, también se aplicó el MNA para evaluar el estado de nutrición.Resultados: Los ancianos, predominantemente mujeres y con una edad homogénea de 80 años en promedio, estaban malnutridos o en riesgo de malnutrición de acuerdo al MNA. Los hombres consumieron significativamente más proteína que las mujeres. La fuerza muscular asoció negativamente con los niveles de triglicéridos; 36% de los ancianos tuvieron niveles de triglicéridos superiores a 150 mg/dl.Conclusiones: Los niveles de TG asociaron inversamente con la fuerza muscular en ancianos con fractura de cadera. Estos resultados, que deberán validarse en otras poblaciones, consideran que los niveles elevados de TG son un factor de síndrome metabólico y se asocian a baja fuerza muscular en ancianos, esto es relevante debido a que la prevención de la obesidad y el síndrome metabólico es una prioridad a través de la promoción de estilos de vida más saludables y políticas de alimentación que podrían implementarse ampliamente. AbstractIntroduction: The daily protein recommendation for adults is 0.8g/kg/day; however, several studies argue that an intake of 1.0-1.5g protein/kg/day could benefit the health of the elderly.Objective: We evaluated the protein intake and serum lipid levels in elderly patients with hip fracture, determining their correlation with the grip strength in both hands.Methods: The study included 47 adult patients aged 65-85 years hospitalized for recent hip fracture. Weight, height, lipid profile and muscle strength of both hands were measured, and MNA was also used to evaluate the nutritional status.Results: The elderly, predominantly women and with a homogeneous age of 80 years on average, were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition according to the MNA. Men consumed significantly more protein than women. Muscle strength negatively associated with triglyceride levels; 36% of the elderly had triglyceride levels above 150 mg/dl.Conclusions: TG levels associated inversely with muscle strength in elderly patients with hip fracture. These results, which should be validated in other populations, consider that elevated TG levels are a factor of metabolic syndrome and are associated with low muscle strength in the elderly, this is relevant because obesity prevention and metabolic syndrome is one priority through the promotion of healthier lifestyles and nutrition policies that could be widely implemented.
Team Approach: Repair and Rehabilitation Following Flexor Tendon Lacerations
Authors: Morrell Nathan T. , Hulvey Anne , Elsinger Jennifer , Zhang George , Shafritz Adam B.
Published: January 2018

➢ The treatment of flexor tendon laceration has 3 major phases: initial evaluation with referral to an appropriate surgeon, operative treatment, and postoperative hand therapy.

➢ The initial provider must perform a comprehensive history and physical examination, including evaluations of tendon function, neurological function, and the vascular viability of the injured digit.

➢ Operative repairs of flexor tendon injuries are best done as soon as reasonably possible with use of a variety of acceptable anesthetic options, suture configurations, and postoperative therapy protocols.

➢ It is necessary to have a complete and interactive team—patient, surgeon, and therapist—in order to obtain the best possible outcome following flexor tendon laceration.
Tenosynovial Giant-Cell Tumors of the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Fraser Ethan J. , Sullivan Martin , Maclean Fiona , Nesbitt Alexander
Published: January 2018

➢ Tenosynovial giant-cell tumor (TGCT) is the common term used to describe a group of soft-tissue tumors that share a common etiological link. Historically, the multiplicity of terms used to describe these tumors, in addition to contention regarding etiology, has led to confusion regarding their diagnosis and treatment.

➢ An overexpression of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) caused by a specific chromosomal translocation t(1;2) has been identified in both localized and diffuse tumors and has led to an interest in pharmacological therapies targeting the CSF-1/CSF-1R (CSF-1 receptor) axis.

➢ Operative treatment remains the mainstay of treatment for TGCT of the foot and ankle; however, given the rarity of these tumors, treatment recommendations have not been verified on the basis of large cohort studies or high-level evidence.

➢ A multidisciplinary approach is important in TGCT treatment. Open surgical excision or synovectomy is considered to be the first-line treatment. While the roles of arthroscopic excision, radiation therapy, and targeted pharmacological therapies have not been validated, these therapies may be of use for selected patients, particularly those with recurrent or unresectable lesions.

➢ A clear definition of tumor recurrence based on radiographic evidence of progression and/or return of symptoms is required to quantify the outcomes of treatment, to reduce heterogeneity between studies, and to avoid morbidity associated with repeated surgical excisions.
Measurement Properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Used in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Gagnier Joel J. , Huang Hsiaomin , Mullins Megan , Marinac-Dabić Danica , Ghambaryan Anna , Eloff Benjamin , Mirza Faisal , Bayona Manuel
Published: January 2018

Background:

Many patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been developed to evaluate patient conditions before and after total hip arthroplasty. Also, many studies have been conducted to evaluate and compare the qualities of these instruments. Previously published reports suggest that most of these studies have poor methodology. Recently, 2 sets of criteria were developed for guiding and assessing the methodological and psychometric quality of these PROMs. We reviewed PROMs for total hip arthroplasty patients and appraised the methodological quality and psychometric evidence of evaluations of each identified instrument.

Methods:

Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and others were searched for English-language articles published on or before April 14, 2017, using search terms related to outcome instrument, the condition or procedure of interest (hip arthroplasty), and psychometric properties. The methodological quality of the studies and the evidence of the psychometric properties were summarized and appraised using the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) checklist and the psychometric evidence criteria. Overall psychometric ratings were derived by combining the 2 criteria.

Results:

Seventy-three studies investigating 26 instruments were included. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Oxford Hip Score, Harris hip score, and the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) were the most frequently assessed instruments. The WOMAC had 5 properties with positive evidence and was the highest-quality instrument overall, followed by the HOOS and the European Health Interview Survey (EUROHIS)-Quality of Life 8-item index.

Conclusions:

Despite a large number of included studies, many had low COSMIN ratings. We recommend additional rigorous studies to explore the psychometric properties of these instruments. Furthermore, the development of a core outcome set for total hip arthroplasty clinical trials is needed.
Combined ACL and Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Saithna Adnan , Thaunat Mathieu , Delaloye Jean Romain , Ouanezar Hervé , Fayard Jean Marie , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand
Published: January 2018

Background:

Clinical results of combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction have demonstrated a significant reduction in ACL graft rupture rates and improved rates of return to sports compared with isolated ACL reconstruction
1
. This finding is supported by laboratory studies that have demonstrated that combined ACL reconstruction and lateral extra-articular tenodesis procedures protect the ACL graft by load-sharing with it and by more reliably restoring normal knee kinematics compared with isolated ACL reconstruction.

Description:

The ACL graft is formed from a tripled semitendinosus tendon and a single strand of gracilis tendon. The femoral tunnel is drilled to provide an anatomic location intra-articularly and to exit the femur just posterior and proximal to the lateral epicondyle. The additional length of gracilis therefore exits the femoral tunnel at the anatomic origin of the ALL and is then routed (under the iliotibial band [ITB]) through a tibial tunnel, and back to the femoral origin, to reconstruct the ALL.

Alternatives:

Many different types of nonanatomic lateral extra-articular tenodesis procedures have been reported. The most frequently performed were the Lemaire and MacIntosh procedures; however, these, and others, were widely abandoned after poor results were reported in the 1980s.

Rationale:

ALL reconstruction differs from other lateral extra-articular tenodesis-type procedures because the procedure is anatomically based and can be percutaneously performed. Nonanatomic procedures (typically with a strand of ITB passed under the lateral collateral ligament [LCL]) have been reported to be associated with overconstraint, early arthritis, and an increased risk of infection
2–5
. In contrast, ALL reconstruction has been shown to restore normal knee kinematics and to avoid overconstraint when correctly fixed in full extension and neutral rotation6. The main concern with any type of lateral extra-articular tenodesis is based on historical reports of poor outcomes
2,3
. However, a recent study has demonstrated that combined ACL and ALL reconstruction is associated with a reoperation rate that is comparable with the rate seen after isolated ACL reconstruction, and it has a very low rate of complications
7
. This makes a compelling argument for anatomic ALL and ACL reconstruction being the procedure of choice when considering an extra-articular procedure. This is further supported by the fact that, even though previous studies have demonstrated a trend toward reduced ACL graft rupture with nonanatomic lateral extra-articular tenodesis procedures, they have not shown a significant improvement in outcomes
8
. Combined ACL and ALL reconstruction is currently the only type of lateral extra-articular procedure that has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the risk of ACL graft rupture and improve the rate of return to sports
1
.
Case Study - Bhit Gas Field Compression for Recovery Enhancement
Authors: Shah Naseem Munawar , Kalhoro Waheed Ali , Maniscalco Giuseppe , Giacomo Corecella , Haider Syed Afraz , Qureshi Abdul Qayyum , Zahidi Shahid
Published: January 2018

Gas compression has been widely adopted by the petroleum industry and is validated as a reliable method for improving reserves base. As depletion drive gas fields mature, their reservoir pressure declines with an associated reduction in gas production rates. This phenomenon is even more pronounced in fields where aquifer water breaks through and results in rapidly falling well head pressures which naturally result in reduced reserves recovery over the producing life of the field. Compression at wellhead or at the facility elongates well and field life resulting in tapping additional reserves, which may be left behind in case surface compression facilities are not put in place in a timely and phased manner.

Compression was initiated at Bhit Gas Field from 2009 and implemented in a phased manner over several years. In first phase, well head compression was deployed to ensure a continuous plateau rate and provide additional gas recovery at 100 psig suction pressure which was selected through matching compressor curves against well deliverability. In second phase, booster compressors at selected wellheads were installed to further drop pressures d upto 50 psig. This was followed by optimization where existing compressors were not only swapped, relocated and reconfigured but also spare compression capacity was utilized by merging wellhead to nodal compression to further drop pressures upto 20 psig leading to increased recovery. Surface optimization actions were justified by set of forecasted results from simulation model utilizing compressor curves.

This paper will demonstrate the continuous surface optimization performed as a function of reservoir and well response with the ultimate aim of enhancing reserves recovery by comparing actual field performance with Forecasts from a numerical simulation model. Highlights on the benefits of timely identification and implementation of compression needs achieved through significant cost savings and reduced project time to market will also be presented
Drilling and Well Engineering Management System - An Innovative Project Management Approach for Efficient Drilling
Authors: Ullah Safi , Zahid Salman , Hasan Naveed , Ali Muhammad
Published: January 2018

The importance of improving the drilling performance in an E&P company cannot be under estimated as it directly impacts the overall cost of the project. The objective of drilling and well engineering management system is to address the technical and organizational aspects of Drilling operations and deliver the wells in safe and cost effective manner. The different tools that are the vital part of the Drilling and well engineering management system include gates review process for well delivery; section-wise after action review, lesson learned tracking system and non-productive time(NPT) tracking system for continuous improvement from the previous wells. Tools for knowledge and data management and analysis (including technical limits& field specific KPIs) and their input for the upcoming wells is also the part of the system. A cross deliberation, peer review process and auditing system is in place in the process for the compliance check.

Notable impacts of the Drilling well engineering management system include rigorous well examination during the gates review process, enhanced risk assessments of various aspects of well planning. The system provides accurate and detailed monitoring of the drilling operations through various tools during the execution phase.

Within one year of its implementation, the operator was able to improve the drilling performance by achieving huge benchmarks in exploratory and development prospects across the entire operated blocks. In some of the fields, where the drilling activity is progress for more than 50 years; the implementation of the management system provided around 100 to 150 % decrease in drilling time and cost in the benchmark wells. This paper includes the results from one of the major challenging fields; Adhi field in which subject changes were implemented successfully.

This paper provides an overview of the management system, its implementation in the organization and outcomes and benefits achieved in the drilling efficiency through the system.
Improved Oil Recovery through Cost Effective In-Situ Gas Injection - A Case Study of Badin
Authors: Noman Muhammad , Mehmood Faisal , Ghouri Waqar M.
Published: January 2018

Poor recovery of oil rims is a common challenge for most operators. The reasons are inherent subsurface risks and capital intensive EOR and IOR projects. This paper presents a similar case of reservoir with oil rim where a cost effective method was employed to increase oil recovery. The idea was to inject high pressure gas from a shallower gas reservoir into zone with oil rim.

The case study is about B Field located in Sindh Province of Pakistan discovered through drilling of well B-1 in 1989. The well encountered hydrocarbon bearing Lower Goru X&Y Sands. Formation testing results and Open-hole logs showed X Sand to be gas bearing, whereas, Y Sand found thin oil rim overlain by gas cap. B-1 was put on production from Y Sand and it flowed at around 300 bopd with 500 scf/stb GOR. However, rapid decline in oil rates and reservoir pressure was witnessed due to gas coning. Based on engineering and G&G analysis, it was decided to re-pressurize oil rim in Y Sand using gas of X Sand at virgin pressure. Considering Y Sand to be laterally extensive body, effect of gas injection at B-1 should be observed at wells B-2 and B-6 in the same structure.

Nodal analysis was performed to estimate injection rate while tank models were used to estimate additional recovery. The X Sand was then perforated and cross-flow established. Performance of gas injection was monitored through surveillance at B-2 and B-6 that recorded increasing Y Sand pressures. Success of in-situ gas injection was established as considerable improvement in oil recovery was achieved.

In-situ gas injection, wherever applicable, could be an efficient technique to maintain reservoir pressure of oil reservoir without additional surface footprints or facilities thus incurring marginal capital expenditure. The efficacy of this technique could be easily monitored through regular surveillance and well production behavior.
A Success Case of Water Blockage Treatment at Gas Well Through Alcohol Based Recipe
Authors: Khan Zaeem Hasan , Noman Muhammad , Hadi Abdul
Published: January 2018

Water blockage is a common phenomenon that significantly deteriorates well deliverability. It is caused by introduction of external water in critical matrix which changes parent saturations thus damaging relative permeability to oil or gas. This paper discusses the case of a gas well that suffered complete loss of production due to water blockage which, however, was later successfully treated and revived using alcohol based recipe.

The well K-1 was drilled By UEP in Sindh, Pakistan and encountered hydrocarbon hearing BS-1 and BS-2 Sands. The well was put on commingle production from BS-1 & BS-2. After few months of production, water breakthrough was observed from BS-2 and was subsequently isolated, based on production logging results, using mechanical plug. However, well behavior indicated integrity issue of mechanical plug with well ceased to flow from BS-1. Attempts to revive the well proved futile as K-1 did not revive. Detailed investigations identified that well loaded up due to cross flow of BS-2 water into BS-1 resulting in water blockage.

In order to treat water blockage, alcohol based system was used. It is a volatile non-aqueous solvent which basically lowers the surface tension of acid and thereby achieves deeper penetration into rock matrix. Alcohol based recipe proved successful in curing water blockage and reviving the well's production.
Biomass Production and Environmental Considerations from Reed Canarygrass Fertilized with Organic Residues in Northern Environments
Authors: Bélanger Gilles , Cambouris Athyna N. , Ziadi Noura , Parent Gaétan , Mongrain Danielle , Lajeunesse Julie , Martel Huguette , Seguin Philippe
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Liquid swine manure and municipal biosolid provide sufficient N for reed canarygrass.

Liquid swine manure and municipal biosolid use do not cause nitrate leaching and heavy metal accumulation.

Kura clover with reed canarygrass improves DM yield but less than fertilizers.

Sustainable biomass production on marginal lands of northern areas using cool‐season perennial grasses and under‐exploited N sources requires development. We determined the biomass production of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) fertilized with municipal biosolid (MB), liquid swine manure (LSM), mineral fertilizer (M), or grown with a legume species and harvested either in July or October along with the consequences of soil contamination by nitrates and heavy metals. The experiment, conducted at two sites from 2009 to 2011, included three target N rates (40, 80, and 120 kg total N ha−1) applied in spring as either MB, LSM, or M along with an unfertilized control treatment and a treatment with kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. B.). Reed canarygrass responded positively to N application from all sources. Both sources of organic fertilization resulted in DM yield close to that obtained with mineral fertilization but seasonal DM yield was greater with LSM than with MB. Kura clover improved DM yield compared with reed canarygrass without N fertilization, but it was not sufficient to reach DM yields obtained with N fertilization. The three N sources did not affect residual soil nitrates in the fall at both sites, the soil solution nitrate concentrations measured during the growing season at one site, nor the soil accumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Cd) in the fall of the last year at both sites. Our results confirm that, as an alternative to M use, MB and LSM are valuable N sources for reed canarygrass biomass in northern areas.
Genotypic Variation and Genotype × Environment Interaction for Yield‐Related Traits in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheats under a Range of Optimal and Heat‐Stressed Environments
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Mahmood Tariq , Mahmood Zahid , Shazadi Kanwal , Mujeeb‐Kazi Abdul , Rasheed Awais
Published: January 2018

Adaptation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to high temperature could be improved by introgressions from wild relatives. The response of 137 D genome synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs) to high temperature was evaluated to determine their potential for wheat improvement. Field experiments were conducted in two temperature scenarios (normal sowing time [NOR] and late sowing time to expose the plants to heat stress [HS]) for 2 yr at three locations to assess the effect of terminal high temperature on yield‐related traits. High temperature stress overall led to a 46.9% reduction in grain yield and significant reductions of 25.2% in days to heading, 26.6% in plant height, 16.1% in grain number per square meter, and 18.3% in thousand grain weight. In ridge regression analysis, agronomic traits explained 8.74 to 35.2% of the variation in grain yield in the HS treatments with an average of 30.47%. In NOR treatments, agronomic traits explained 8.85 to 45.5% of the variation in grain yield, with an average of 34.5%. Days to heading was negatively correlated with grain yield in the heat‐stressed environments but did not explain significant variation in grain yield in optimal environments. Thousand‐grain weight explained the highest variation in grain yield in all environments, followed by grain number per square meter. The top ten highest grain‐yielding SHWs in the HS treatment were also tolerant to heat stress, with a heat susceptibility index ranging from 0.33 to 0.40. These SHWs could be a promising source to introduce yield‐related traits to develop high‐yielding wheat cultivars for heat‐stressed environments.
Identification of Genes Related to Endosperm Balance Number Insensitivity in Paspalum notatum
Authors: Depetris M. B. , Acuña C. A. , Pozzi F. I. , Quarin C. L. , Felitti S. A.
Published: January 2018

The endosperm balance number (EBN) theory states that genomic contribution ratio should be kept at 2:1 maternal/paternal (m:p) ratio for normal endosperm development. However, the endosperm formation in apomictic Paspalum notatum Flüggé does not depend on the EBN. The aim of this work was to characterize gene expression during seed formation from apomictic and sexual P. notatum using complementary DNA‐amplified fragment length polymorphism methodology. To induce the formation of seeds with different m:p genomic ratios, crosses were made between genotypes with different ploidy levels and reproductive modes. RNA was isolated from ovaries 24 h after pollination, when maximum endosperm growth rate was expected. Some of the 49 differentially expressed transcript‐derived fragments (DETDFs) provided relevant information. Three of those were found in ovaries of apomictic plants with an EBN different from 2:1. A DETDF was predicted to be involved in sucrose metabolism during the accumulation of hexose and starch in the endosperm and might be related to EBN insensitivity. Twenty‐two DETDFs were found in crosses where sexual plants were used as the female parent and the predicted m:p ratio was not 2:1. One of those was related to the failure of fusion of the polar nuclei in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Finally, three transcripts presented similarity with a casein kinase II that regulates the accumulation of storage products in seeds of A. thaliana. Both processes might be involved in endosperm development in P. notatum.
Boron Adsorption and Desorption on Volcanic Ash–Derived Soils
Authors: Terraza Pira Maria Fernanda , Sumner Malcolm E. , Cabrera Miguel L. , Thompson Aaron
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Soil B availability in volcanic soils is governed by SRO minerals.

Analyzing whole‐soil reactivity based on mineral surface abundance is proposed.

Volcanic soils adsorb as much as 18‐fold higher than non‐volcanic soils.

The reversibility of adsorption reactions decreases as andic character increases.

pH in NaF can be used to reflect field B availability and application rates.

Many crops in volcanic regions exhibit symptoms of B deficiency but do not respond to B fertilizer rates that solve deficiency problems in non–volcanic‐influenced soils. The US recommended rates are routinely adopted in these regions without accounting for differences in soil B dynamics. Because of the paucity of investigations and the resulting lack of understanding of B adsorption/desorption dynamics in volcanic ash–derived soils over the past 40 yr, it would be incorrect to extrapolate the few data available to all volcanic ash–derived soils because they have not been analyzed as a function of andic character. This paper aims to create an understanding of what soil properties govern B availability in volcanic‐influenced soils and to establish if there are low‐cost testing methods that can help estimate appropriate field B application rates in these soils. Boron adsorption/desorption isotherms were constructed for a group of volcanic ash–derived and non‐volcanic ash–derived soils, and the derived parameters were compared with various standard soil tests. Our results show that soil B availability in volcanic‐influenced soils is governed mainly by strong and stable B complexation with short‐range‐order (SRO) minerals. Boron adsorption maxima exhibit a wide variability not directly correlated with clay content but rather with reactivity quantified by SRO mineral and organic matter contents. Organic matter is not a significant variable explaining specific surface area for the overall group of soils, but it becomes significant for soils containing <200 g clay kg‐1, suggesting that a new approach to analyzing whole‐soil reactivity based on mineral surface abundance is needed. The maximum adsorption capacities of volcanic‐influenced soils can be as much as 18‐fold higher than for non‐volcanic soils, with the reversibility of adsorption reactions decreasing as andic character increases. These findings explain why standard B fertilizer rates fail to solve deficiency problems in volcanic‐influenced soils. Because pH in NaF is strongly related with acid‐oxalate Al (SRO minerals) and B desorption index, this low‐cost test can potentially be used as a measure of soil andic character to better reflect B availability and corresponding field application rates.
Laboratory Evaluation of Soil Amendments To Limit Structural Degradation under a Sequential Irrigation with Coal Seam Gas and Rain Water
Authors: Ali Aram , McLean Bennett John , Marchuk Alla , Watson Caitlin
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Land amendment irrigation was effective at reducing structural decline under rapid dilution.

Threshold electrolyte concentration analysis and initial Ksat are crucial management factors.

High‐frequency rainfall events may cause concern for marginal quality water use in irrigation.

Land amendment irrigation (LAI) has become an increasingly useful practice in addressing sodic and alkaline coal seam methane gas (CSG) water for irrigation purposes. However, there is a paucity of information pertaining to rapid dilution of soil solution under LAI management. This study investigated the ability of land amendment to buffer soils against structure degradation under sequential irrigation with CSG water (electrical conductivity [EC], 3 dS cm–1; sodium adsorption ratio [SAR], 100 mmolc L–1; pH 8.4) and rainwater in a highly smectitic black Vertisol (BV) and kaolinitic Oxisol (OX) soil. Stoichiometric quantities of gypsum and sulfur amendments were applied for the LAI process to reduce sodicity and alkalinity to a target of SAR ≤20 and HCO3− alkalinity ≤100 mg L–1. Soils were irrigated with 10 ML ha–1 CSG water and 9 ML ha–1 rainwater in the sequence of 1 ML ha–1 and 0.9 ML ha–1 CSG water and rainwater events, respectively, using a 7.5 mm h–1 rainfall intensity. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was determined and reported as a reduction from initial conductivity. The collected leachates were used for subsequent measurements of pH, EC, SAR, and alkalinity at each event. Results suggested that LAI was inadequate to protect soil structure from more than three of the intensity–frequency–duration events but sufficient for up to three events. This was considered positive evidence for LAI given the annual recurrence of such an event was one for the region. Additional gypsum application had no significant effect on protecting soil from further hydraulic reduction compared with LAI alone. The OX and BV behaved differently in terms of the observed hydraulic reduction, which was determined to be both a function of iron oxides (OX) and the effect of dilution, in contrast to the threshold electrolyte concentration. This highlighted that both the initial hydraulic conductivity and threshold electrolyte conditions are important in implementing LAI.
Energiewende: german energy policy in times of green transition
Authors: Reis Solange
Published: January 2018

Germany has developed an ambitious strategy to increase the share of renewable sources in its energy matrix and to enable the transition to a green industrial paradigm. Known as Energiewende, the policy implied profound structural transformations in the energy system. Participation of the residents and of small entrepreneurs stands out among its particularities. The state leads the transitional project by mediating the divergent interests among social and economic agents. The challenge is to maintain social consensus despite unequal costs. Individual consumers, farmers and some industries faced high electricity prices while energy-intensive industries were exempt, a disparity that attracts much criticism. The project involves dismantling nuclear power plants, which leads to increasing use of coal or natural gas. Another challenge is to keep investments on track. This article presents the topic from its historical development and shows that German energy strategy surpasses moral and economic concerns. Beyond economics and energy security, it is a broader plan to place the country in the vanguard transition to green capitalism.
A condição semiperiférica do Brasil na economia mundo capitalista: novas evidências
Authors: Ouriques Helton Ricardo , Vieira Pedro Antonio
Published: January 2018

Sob vários indicadores econômicos e sociais, o Brasil ocupa uma posição considerada “intermediária” na economia-mundo capitalista. Dentro do marco teórico da análise dos sistemas-mundo, que fundamenta nossa investigação, o Brasil pode ser considerado um Estado semiperiférico. Essa conceituação foi criada originalmente por Immanuel Wallerstein nos anos de 1970, quando lançou sua principal obra (O moderno sistema-mundial). Posteriormente, o conceito de semiperiferia foi refinado e fundamentado em termos empíricos por Giovanni Arrighi e alguns colaboradores de pesquisa na segunda metade dos anos de 1980. O Brasil, nesses estudos, aparece em alguns períodos como periferia, em outros como semiperiferia. Do nosso ponto de vista, e com base em dados estatísticos e também na interpretação da conjuntura econômica, política e social das últimas duas décadas, é possível afirmar que o Brasil se tornou um importante membro da semiperiferia, embora essa posição possa estar ameaçada pela persistência de problemas estruturais que dificultam acompanhar as mudanças em ciência, tecnologia e inovação, em curso desde a década de 1970.
CIVIC IDENTITY AS A VECTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION AND A CONDITION FOR THE SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Belyaeva Maria
Published: January 2018

In the article the author justifies the pedagogical significance of the formation of civil identity by means of school geographic education in the conditions of globalization. The subject of the article is the content of school geographic education; the purpose of the article is to reveal the content possibilities of Geography for the formation of Russian civic identity. The author applies theoretical research methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization, isolation of interrelations. The main scientific results are: identification of educational indicators of civic identity, as well as the identification of key content lines of school geographic education associated with the formation of civic identity in students. The given research results can be applied in lesson and after-hour planning activity at a secondary school. The article defines the role of Geography in the process of civil identity formation in students, as well as highlighting the most significant content lines based on approximate basic educational geography program related to the formation of civil identity (issues: geopolitics, globalization, natural and cultural heritage, ecology, features of economic development of Russia).
Interstitial Pregnancy a Rare form of Ectopic Pregnancy: Case Report
Authors: AbuFaza Mohannad , Abdelazim Ibrahim A.
Published: January 2018

Interstitial pregnancy is a rare variety of ectopic pregnancy, it can have disturbed 8-16 weeks of amenorrhea (later than the distal tubal ectopic pregnancy), due to the dispensability of the myometrium covering the interstitial segment of the fallopian tube, with subsequent massive internal hemorrhage.A 29-years-old female, Gravida 3, Para 2, presented with severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and syncope 3 days after her missing period, and positive pregnancy test. Trans-vaginal ultrasound showed empty uterine cavity, free pelvic fluid with severe cervical motion tenderness. She was diagnosed with ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy in the proximal segment of right fallopian tube was confirmed with laparotomy.The ruptured pregnancy was managed by right salpingectomy, and hemostatic stitches at the right uterine corn. Her hemoglobin was 8 gr on admission, and she received 3 units of packed RBCs (one intra-operative, and two post-operative). Her post-operative hemoglobin was 10.5 gr, and she was discharged from the hospital on the 3rd post-operative day in good general condition for follow up in the outpatients` department. This case report represents a rare variety of ectopic pregnancy, which is the interstitial pregnancy, because it can rupture few days or weeks after the missed period with subsequent massive internal hemorrhage. Interstitial pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, the obstetricians should be aware of rare forms of ectopic pregnancies, it can have disturbed few days or weeks after the missed period leading to subsequent significant morbidity.
MASSIVE POSTTRAUMATIC HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION OF KNEE JOINT (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Ryazantsev M. S. , Magnitskaya N. , Afanasyev A. P. , Ilʼin D. O. , Logvinov A. N. , Frolov A. V. , Korolev А. V.
Published: January 2018

Heterotopic ossification is characterized by bone tissue formation in soft tissues that possess no osteogenic properties. The authors present a clinical case of a female patient with massive heterotopic ossification in anteromedial aspect of the right knee joint with 10 years history before admission for treatment. An abrupt knee hyperextension became a trigger mechanism for the present lesion. MR tomography demonstrated af ormation pushing off the healthy tissues along the anteromedial surface of the right joint. Computer tomography visualized a massive calcination of soft tissues. During the arthroscopic procedure the authors observed a formation of a dense consistency with round borders which demonstrated minor cohesion with surrounding tissues. The formation wasremoved. Diagnosis was confirmed by histological findings. Control x-rays in 6 months after the procedure verified absence of new areas of heterotopic ossification. Removal of ossificational lowed to obtain a good clinical outcome.
TWO-STAGE REVISION HIP REPLACEMENT PATIENS WITH SEVERE ACETABULUM DEFECT (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Pavlov V. V. , Kirilova I. A. , Efimenko M. V. , Bazlov V. A. , Mamuladze T. Z.
Published: January 2018

Favorable short-term results of arthroplasty are observed in 80–90% of cases, however, over the longer follow up period the percentage of positive outcomes is gradually reduced. Need for revision of the prosthesis or it’s components increases in proportion to time elapsed from the surgery. In addition, such revision is accompanied with a need to substitute the bone defect of the acetabulum. As a solution the authors propose to replace pelvic defects in two stages. During the first stage the defect was filled with bone allograft with platelet-rich fibrin (allografting with the use of PRF technology). After the allograft remodeling during the second stage the revision surgery is performed by implanting standard prostheses. The authors present a clinical case of a female patient with aseptic loosening of acetabular component of prosthesis in the right hip joint, with failed hip function of stage 2, right limb shortening of 2 cm. Treatment results confirm the efficiency and rationality of the proposed bone grafting option. The authors conclude bone allograft in combination with the PRF technology proves to be an alternative to the implantation of massive metal implants in the acetabulum while it reduces the risk of implant-associated infection, of metallosis in surrounding tissues and expands further revision options.
FEATURES OF THA IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH CONGENITAL HIP DISLOCATION
Authors: Kamshilov B. V. , Tryapichnikov A. S. , Chegurov О. К. , Zhdanov A. S. , Zaitseva О. P.
Published: January 2018

There are a fair number of papers presenting the outcomes of total hip arthroplasty with shortening subtrochanteric osteotomy in neglected hip dislocation. In most of them the authors used long modular stems or Wagner stems as a femoral component. The reports describing the outcomes of such procedures with standard femoral stems are rather rare.The purpose of this study was to evaluate short-term and medium-term outcomes of total hip arthroplasty with standard femoral stems and shortening subtrochanteric osteotomy for treatment of high hip dislocation.Materials and methods. From 2010 to 2016 the authors performed 18 hip arthroplasties with shortening subtrochanteric osteotomy in 16 patients with high hip dislocation. All patients were clinically evaluated using Harris Hip Score and radiography prior to and after the surgery.Results. The mean Harris Hip Score significantly improved compared to preoperative values from 39.7±1.4 to 84.7±1.6. At mean follow-up of 24±2.4 mounts the authors observed 2 case of nonunion at osteotomy site and 1 case of transient nerve palsy. Revision surgery was performed in 2 patients due to nonunion. The mean limb lengthening was 3.65±0.21 cm.Conclusion. Our data demonstrated that total hip arthroplasty with subtrochanteric osteotomy is an effective technique for treatment of Crowe type III-IV congenital hipdislocation with high rate of successful fixation on the typical femoral stem, healing of osteotomy site and satisfactory shortand medium-term clinical outcomes. The non-modular tapered stem provides sufficient stability in distal and proximal parts of the femur. The use of standard tapered stem allows to achieve good healing rates of the osteotomy.
ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH LATERAL HUMERAL EPICONDYLITIS (TENNIS ELBOW)
Authors: Salikhov M. R. , Kuznetsov I. A. , Zhabin G. I. , Shulepov D. A. , Zlobin O. V.
Published: January 2018

In the past decade the clinical and anatomical studies proved that lateral humeral epicondylitis can be successfully treated arthroscopically.Purpose of the study is to identify the optimal method of surgical treatment for patients with lateral humeral epicondylitis.Material and methods. The authors conducted an integral study consisting of two sections: clinical and anatomical. Anatomical section included precision preparation of extensor muscles of the forearm. Clinical section was dedicated to comparative analysis of statistically valid and matched by lesion severity groups of patients who underwent open and arthroscopic procedures. All patients were divided into three groups. Patients of Group I underwent arthroscopic release of extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon (ECRB) without decorticating of the lateral humeral epicondyle. Patients of Group II underwent arthroscopic release of ECRB in combination with decortication of the lateral humeral epicondyle. Patients in Group III underwent an open release of ECRB.Results. Patients who underwent arthroscopic release of ECRB demonstrated less pronounced pain syndrome as compared to patients after ECRB release along with decortication of epicondyle or after open release (р0,05). VAS pain score in Group I decreased from 7 to 1 point, in Group II — from 7 to 3 points, in Group III — from 7 to 4 points. Mean time until full recovery after the surgery was 24,2±7,8 days in Group I, 39,4±5,6 days in Group II and 60,2±15,6 days in Group III (р0,05). Functional outcomes were assessed by Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) in 9 weeks postoperatively: Group I — improvement from 60 to 79 points, Group II — from 62 to 75 points, Group III — from 60 to 75 points.Conclusion. Drilling or removal of periosteum of the damaged epicondyle does not provide a positive effect. Decortication also has certain disadvantages like postoperative pain intensification leading to lesser range of motion in elbow and increased bleeding of the wound. Patients after simple release of ECRB demonstrated minimal postoperative pain which allows early rehabilitation and return to daily and professional activities.
PDGF ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH DELAYED FRACTURE CONSOLIDATION
Authors: Kuzmenko D. V. , Lobanov G. V. , Shatova O. P.
Published: January 2018

Introduction. Techniques that use growth factors to improve bone fragment consolidation and to treat the inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system have become very popular. Many researchers are actively searching for personification of this therapy and the reasons for delayed consolidation. The purpose of the study – to identify the biomarker for delayed bone consolidation.Materials and Methods. The study groups consisted of patients with high-energy tibia open fractures with normal (group 1) and with delayed (2nd group) consolidation of bone fragments. The enzymatic activity of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in blood serum was studied after 7 days and in 1, 3 and 6 months after bone fragments reduction. Spectrophotometric technique (Specord-200) was used.Results. In patients with normal consolidation of bone fragments, the enzymatic activity of PDGF was statistically significantly higher in comparison with the group with delayed healing. At the same time, the highest activity was reported on day 7, and by third month it was becoming lower.Conclusion. Bone healing depends on PDGF enzymatic activity, besides significant differences on various stages of healing were observed. Further study the reasons for the PDGF enzymatic deficiency and its correction are of a great interest for reducing the timing of consolidation.
The High Cost of Judges: Reconsidering Judicial Pensions and Retirement in an Ageing Population
Authors: Opeskin Brian
Published: January 2018

In recent years there has been unprecedented concern about the impact of population change on Australian society. The concerns come from different quarters. Commentators have variously remarked that fertility is too low, immigration is too high, the population is ageing too rapidly, and that uneven spatial distribution is placing too great a burden on the infrastructure of already crowded cities. As further evidence of the growing interest in population dynamics, in 2010 the Australian Government created a new office of the Minister for Sustainable Population to help guide the development of policies to meet Australia’s future population needs.

These are important issues in a national population debate, yet demographic change also affects specific workforces in specific ways, and this has led to a new interest in workforce planning. This article examines how demographic change is likely to affect one aspect of the Australian judicial system in the future, namely, the cost of judges.