bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deformation of an encapsulated bubble in steady and oscillatory electric fields
Authors: Liu Yunqiao , He Dongdong , Gong Xiaobo , Huang Huaxiong
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of an encapsulated bubble in steady and oscillatory electric fields theoretically, based on a leaky dielectric model. On the bubble surface, an applied electric field generates a Maxwell stress, in addition to hydrodynamic traction and membrane mechanical stress. Our model also includes the effect of interfacial charge due to the jump of the current and the stretching of the interface. We focus on the axisymmetric deformation of the encapsulated bubble induced by the electric field and carry out our analysis using Legendre polynomials. In our first example, the encapsulating membrane is modelled as a nearly incompressible interface with bending rigidity. Under a steady uniform electric field, the encapsulated bubble resumes an elongated equilibrium shape, dominated by the second- and fourth-order shape modes. The deformed shape agrees well with experimental observations reported in the literature. Our model reveals that the interfacial charge distribution is determined by the magnitude of the shape modes, as well as the permittivity and conductivity of the external and internal fluids. The effects of the electric field on the natural frequency of the oscillating bubble are also shown. For our second example, we considered a bubble encapsulated with a hyperelastic membrane with bending rigidity, subject to an oscillatory electric field. We show that the bubble can modulate its oscillating frequency and reach a stable shape oscillation at an appreciable amplitude.
Scaling laws for mixing and dissipation in unforced rotating stratified turbulence
Authors: Pouquet A. , Rosenberg D. , Marino R. , Herbert C.
Published: April 2018

We present a model for the scaling of mixing in weakly rotating stratified flows characterized by their Rossby, Froude and Reynolds numbers $Ro,Fr$, $Re$. This model is based on quasi-equipartition between kinetic and potential modes, sub-dominant vertical velocity, $w$, and lessening of the energy transfer to small scales as measured by a dissipation efficiency $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{V}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{D}$, with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{V}$ the kinetic energy dissipation and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{D}=u_{rms}^{3}/L_{int}$ its dimensional expression, with $w,u_{rms}$ the vertical and root mean square velocities, and $L_{int}$ the integral scale. We determine the domains of validity of such laws for a large numerical study of the unforced Boussinesq equations mostly on grids of $1024^{3}$ points, with $Ro/Fr\geqslant 2.5$, and with $1600\leqslant Re\approx 5.4\times 10^{4}$; the Prandtl number is one, initial conditions are either isotropic and at large scale for the velocity and zero for the temperature $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$, or in geostrophic balance. Three regimes in Froude number, as for stratified flows, are observed: dominant waves, eddy–wave interactions and strong turbulence. A wave–turbulence balance for the transfer time $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{tr}=N\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{NL}^{2}$, with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{NL}=L_{int}/u_{rms}$ the turnover time and $N$ the Brunt–Väisälä frequency, leads to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ growing linearly with $Fr$ in the intermediate regime, with a saturation at $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\approx 0.3$ or more, depending on initial conditions for larger Froude numbers. The Ellison scale is also found to scale linearly with $Fr$. The flux Richardson number $R_{f}=B_{f}/[B_{f}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{V}]$, with $B_{f}=N\langle w\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\rangle$ the buoyancy flux, transitions for approximately the same parameter values as for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$. These regimes for the present study are delimited by ${\mathcal{R}}_{B}=ReFr^{2}\approx 2$ and $R_{B}\approx 200$. With $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}_{f}=R_{f}/[1-R_{f}]$ the mixing efficiency, putting together the three relationships of the model allows for the prediction of the scaling $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}_{f}\sim Fr^{-2}\sim {\mathcal{R}}_{B}^{-1}$ in the low and intermediate regimes for high $Re$, whereas for higher Froude numbers, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}_{f}\sim {\mathcal{R}}_{B}^{-1/2}$, a scaling already found in observations: as turbulence strengthens, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\sim 1$, $w\approx u_{rms}$, and smaller buoyancy fluxes together correspond to a decoupling of velocity and temperature fluctuations, the latter becoming passive.
Accurate fast computation of steady two-dimensional surface gravity waves in arbitrary depth
Authors: Clamond Didier , Dutykh Denys
Published: April 2018

This paper describes an efficient algorithm for computing steady two-dimensional surface gravity waves in irrotational motion. The algorithm complexity is $O(N\log N)$, $N$ being the number of Fourier modes. This feature allows the arbitrary precision computation of waves in arbitrary depth, i.e. it works efficiently for Stokes, cnoidal and solitary waves, even for quite large steepnesses, up to approximately 99 % of the maximum steepness for all wavelengths. In particular, the possibility to compute very long (cnoidal) waves accurately is a feature not shared by other algorithms and asymptotic expansions. The method is based on conformal mapping, the Babenko equation rewritten in a suitable way, the pseudo-spectral method and Petviashvili iterations. The efficiency of the algorithm is illustrated via some relevant numerical examples. The code is open source, so interested readers can easily check the claims, use and modify the algorithm.
Systemic inflammation and intelligence in early adulthood and subsequent risk of schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: a longitudinal cohort and co-relative study
Authors: Kappelmann Nils , Khandaker Golam M , Dal Henrik , Stochl Jan , Kosidou Kyriaki , Jones Peter B , Dalman Christina , Karlsson Håkan
Published: April 2018

Background

Schizophrenia is associated with impaired neurodevelopment as indexed by lower premorbid IQ. We examined associations between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a marker of low-grade systemic inflammation, IQ, and subsequent schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses (ONAP) to elucidate the role of neurodevelopment and inflammation in the pathogenesis of psychosis.

Methods

Population-based data on ESR and IQ from 638 213 Swedish men assessed during military conscription between 1969 and 1983 were linked to National Hospital Discharge Register for hospitalisation with schizophrenia and ONAP. The associations of ESR with IQ (cross-sectional) and psychoses (longitudinal) were investigated using linear and Cox-regression. The co-relative analysis was used to examine effects of shared familial confounding. We examined mediation and moderation of effect between ESR and IQ on psychosis risk.

Results

Baseline IQ was associated with subsequent risk of schizophrenia (adjusted HR per 1-point increase in IQ = 0.961; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.960–0.963) and ONAP (adjusted HR = 0.973; 95% CI 0.971–0.975). Higher ESR was associated with lower IQ in a dose-response fashion. High ESR was associated withincreasedrisk for schizophrenia (adjusted HR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.01–1.28) anddecreasedrisk for ONAP (adjusted HR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.74–0.96), although these effects were specific to one ESR band (7–10 mm/hr). Familial confounding explained ESR-IQ but not ESR-psychoses associations. IQ partly mediated the ESR-psychosis relationships.

Conclusions

Lower IQ is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and with an increased risk of schizophrenia and ONAP in adulthood. Low-grade inflammation may influence schizophrenia risk by affecting neurodevelopment. Future studies should explore the differential effects of inflammation on different types of psychosis.
Shamans as healers: When magical structure becomes practical function
Authors: Humphrey Nicholas
Published: April 2018

Singh's analysis has much to be said for it. When considering the treatment of illness, however, he begins from a shaky premise about uncontrollability and, so, fails to make the most of what shamanic treatments – as placebos – can deliver.
Shamanism and the social nature of cumulative culture
Authors: Nielsen Mark , Fischer Ronald , Kashima Yoshihisa
Published: April 2018

Our species-unique capacity for cumulative culture relies on a complex interplay between social and cognitive motivations. Attempting to understand much of human behaviour will be incomplete if one of these motivations is the focus at the expense of the other. Anchored in gene-culture co-evolution theory, we stake a claim for the importance of social drivers in determining why shamans exist.
Boron nitride nanoresonators for phonon-enhanced molecular vibrational spectroscopy at the strong coupling limit
Authors: Autore Marta , Li Peining , Dolado Irene , Alfaro-Mozaz Francisco J , Esteban Ruben , Atxabal Ainhoa , Casanova Fèlix , Hueso Luis E , Alonso-González Pablo , Aizpurua Javier , Nikitin Alexey Y , Vélez Saül , Hillenbrand Rainer
Published: April 2018

Enhanced light-matter interactions are the basis of surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy, and conventionally rely on plasmonic materials and their capability to focus light to nanoscale spot sizes. Phonon polariton nanoresonators made of polar crystals could represent an interesting alternative, since they exhibit large quality factors, which go far beyond those of their plasmonic counterparts. The recent emergence of van der Waals crystals enables the fabrication of high-quality nanophotonic resonators based on phonon polaritons, as reported for the prototypical infrared-phononic material hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). In this work we use, for the first time, phonon-polariton-resonant h-BN ribbons for SEIRA spectroscopy of small amounts of organic molecules in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Strikingly, the interaction between phonon polaritons and molecular vibrations reaches experimentally the onset of the strong coupling regime, while numerical simulations predict that vibrational strong coupling can be fully achieved. Phonon polariton nanoresonators thus could become a viable platform for sensing, local control of chemical reactivity and infrared quantum cavity optics experiments.
Altered connection properties of important network hubs may be neural risk factors for individuals with primary insomnia
Authors: Liu Xuming , Zheng Jiyong , Liu Bi-Xia , Dai Xi-Jian
Published: April 2018

Primary insomnia (PIs) is highly prevalent and can lead to adverse socioeconomic impacts, but the underlying mechanism of its complex brain network impairment remains largely unknown. Functional studies are too few and diverse in methodology, which makes it difficult to glean general conclusions. To answer this question, we first used graph theory-based network analyse, together with seed-based functional connectivity approach, to characterize the topology architecture of whole-brain functional networks associated with PIs. Forty-eight subjects with PIs and 48 age/sex/education-matched good sleepers were recruited. We found PIs is associated with altered connection properties of intra-networks within the executive control network, default mode network and salience network, and inter-network between auditory language comprehension center and executive control network. These complex networks were correlated with negative emotions and insomnia severity in the PIs group. Altered connection properties of these network hubs appeared to be neural risk factors for neuropsychological changes of PIs, and might be used as potential neuroimaging markers to distinguish the PIs from the good sleepers. These findings highlight the role of functional connectivity in the pathophysiology of PIs, and may underlie the neural mechanisms of etiology of PIs.
Testosterone Deficiency, Weakness, and Multimorbidity in Men
Authors: Peterson Mark D. , Belakovskiy Aleksandr , McGrath Ryan , Yarrow Joshua F.
Published: April 2018

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the association between total testosterone (TT) deficiency and weakness on multimorbidity in men. Analyses were performed to examine the prevalence of multimobidity among young, middle-aged, and older men, with and without testosterone deficiency. Multivariate logistic models were also used to determine the association between age-specific TT tertiles and multimorbidity, adjusting for key sociodemographic variables, as well as a secondary analysis adjusted for grip strength. Multimorbidity was more prevalent among men with testosterone deficiency, compared to normal TT in the entire group (36.6% vs 55.2%; p < 0.001); however, differences were only seen within young (testosterone deficiency: 36.4%; normal TT: 13.5%; p < 0.001) and older men (testosterone deficiency: 75.0%; normal TT: 61.5%; p < 0.001). Robust associations were found between the age-specific low-TT (OR: 2.87; 95%CI: 2.14–3.83) and moderate-TT (OR: 1.67; 95%CI: 1.27–2.20) tertiles (reference high-TT) and multimorbidity. Secondary analysis demonstrated that both low TT (OR: 1.82; 95%CI: 1.29–2.55) and moderate-TT (OR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.01–1.69) were associated with multimorbidity, even after adjusting for obesity (OR: 1.75; 95%CI: 1.07–2.87) and NGS (OR: 1.21 per 0.05 unit lower NGS). Low TT and weakness in men were independently associated with multimorbidity at all ages; however, multimorbidity was more prevalent among young and older men with testosterone deficiency.
Recent advances in ambient mass spectrometry of trace explosives
Authors: Forbes Thomas P. , Sisco Edward
Published: April 2018

This review aims to showcase and critically discuss advances in ambient mass spectrometry for the trace detection of explosives.
Modifications in gut microbiota and fermentation metabolites in the hindgut of rats after the consumption of galactooligosaccharide glycated with a fish peptide
Authors: Jin Weiya , Han Kaining , Dong Shiyuan , Yang Yuhong , Mao Zhenjie , Su Mingyue , Zeng Mingyong
Published: April 2018

The glycation-induced modification of GOS by mild thermal treatments greatly increased its persistence of fermentation in the colon of the host, and improved some prebiotic activities.
Templated microwave synthesis of luminescent carbon nanofibers
Authors: Deeney Clara , Wang Suxiao , Belhout Samir A. , Gowen Aoife , Rodriguez Brian J. , Redmond Gareth , Quinn Susan J.
Published: April 2018

This work describes the preparation of luminescent carbon nanofibers by template-assisted microwave pyrolysis of environmentally friendly precursors in aqueous solution.
Catalytic cracking of triglycerides with a base catalyst and modification of pyrolytic oils for production of aviation fuels
Authors: Li Fanglin , Jiang Jianchun , Liu Peng , Zhai Qiaolong , Wang Fei , Hse Chung-yun , Xu Junming
Published: April 2018

An efficient pathway to obtain aviation biofuels from triglycerides via thermal chemical conversion.
A ratiometric strategy -based electrochemical sensing interface for the sensitive and reliable detection of imidacloprid
Authors: Li Xueyan , Kan Xianwen
Published: April 2018

A ratiometric electrochemical sensor was developed for selective and sensitive detection of imidacloprid. Modified poly(thionine) provided a built-in correction to endow the sensor with good accuracy and stability.
The utility of polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) in surface and in situ studies: new data processing and presentation approach
Authors: Monyoncho Evans A. , Zamlynny Vlad , Woo Tom K. , Baranova Elena A.
Published: April 2018

Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful non-destructive technique for the identification and quantification of organic molecules widely used in scientific studies.
Polytyrosine nanoparticles enable ultra-high loading of doxorubicin and rapid enzyme-responsive drug release
Authors: Gu Xiaolei , Qiu Min , Sun Huanli , Zhang Jian , Cheng Liang , Deng Chao , Zhong Zhiyuan
Published: April 2018

PTN-DOX with a high drug loading (DLC: 63.1 wt%) and triggered drug release achieves a superior anticancer effect to liposomal DOX.
Elucidating ultrafast electron dynamics at surfaces using extreme ultraviolet (XUV) reflection–absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Biswas Somnath , Husek Jakub , Baker L. Robert
Published: April 2018

Time-resolved XUV reflection–absorption spectroscopy probes core-to-valence transitions to reveal state-specific electron dynamics at surfaces.
Environment and human friendly colored materials prepared using black and white components
Authors: Takeoka Yukikazu
Published: April 2018

A review describing how to prepare structural colored materials with less angle dependency using white and black substances.
Evaporation of nanoscale water on a uniformly complete wetting surface at different temperatures
Authors: Guo Yuwei , Wan Rongzheng
Published: April 2018

Hydrophilic surfaces have an influence on the nanoscale water evaporation rate due to an obvious limit to the rotation of water.
Benchmarking triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion schemes
Authors: Gertsen Anders S. , Koerstz Mads , Mikkelsen Kurt V.
Published: April 2018

TD-DFT benchmark with and without the Tamm–Dancoff approximation of sensitizer/annihilator pairs relevant for triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion.
Dativeversuselectron-sharing bonding in N-oxides and phosphane oxides R3EO and relative energies of the R2EOR isomers (E = N, P; R = H, F, Cl, Me, Ph). A theoretical study
Authors: Yang Tao , Andrada Diego M. , Frenking Gernot
Published: April 2018

Quantum chemical calculations usingab initiomethods at the CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPP level and density functional theory using BP86 and M06-2X functionals in conjunction with def2-TZVPP basis sets have been carried out on the title molecules.
Enhancing radical molecular beams by skimmer cooling
Authors: Wu Hao , Reens David , Langen Tim , Shagam Yuval , Fontecha Daniela , Ye Jun
Published: April 2018

A supersonic beam source has been a key component in many experiments that rely on high molecular densities and cold temperatures. In this work, skimmer cooling is shown to enable significant gains in density for a supersonic beam with entrained species such as hydroxyl radicals.
CB3E2q (q = ±1): a family of “hyparene” analogues with a planar pentacoordinate carbon
Authors: Liu Ping , Bian Jian-Hong , Wang Qiang , Huang Fang , Li Debao , Wu Yan-Bo
Published: April 2018

Highlighted elements are the feasible E atoms of CB3E2q template ppC structures, in which CB3Mg2− is suitable for photoelectron spectroscopy.
Correction: Adsorption of PAHs on interstellar ice viewed by classical molecular dynamics
Authors: Michoulier Eric , Noble Jennifer A. , Simon Aude , Mascetti Joëlle , Toubin Céline
Published: April 2018

Correction for ‘Adsorption of PAHs on interstellar ice viewed by classical molecular dynamics’ by Eric Michoulier et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00593a.
Mechanistic insights into Pd(0)-catalyzed intermolecular and intramolecular hydroamination of methylenecyclopropanes: a computational study
Authors: Liu Yuan , Ogunlana Abosede Adejoke , Bao Xiaoguang
Published: April 2018

Computational studies were carried out to investigate the detailed mechanisms of Pd(0)-catalyzed intermolecular and intramolecular hydroamination of methylenecyclopropanes.
Separation of phenolic compounds by centrifugal partition chromatography
Authors: Santos João H. P. M. , Almeida Mafalda R. , Martins Cláudia I. R. , Dias Ana C. R. V. , Freire Mara G. , Coutinho João A. P. , Ventura Sónia P. M.
Published: April 2018

An integrated process to purify a mixture of phenolic compounds was implemented in continuous regime by using centrifugal partition chromatography.
Bismuth(iii)-catalyzed cycloisomerization and (hetero)arylation of alkynols: simple access to 2-(hetero)aryl tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans
Authors: Nakate Ashwini K. , Pratapure Madhukar S. , Kontham Ravindar
Published: April 2018

2-(Hetero)aryl tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans were successfully synthesized using Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed hydroalkoxylation (cycloisomerization) of alkynols (via 5 or 6 exo-dig cyclization) and intermolecular (hetero)arylation.
Hierarchically porous Mo-doped Ni–Fe oxide nanowires efficiently catalyzing oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Chen Yangjia , Dong Chaoqun , Zhang Jie , Zhang Chi , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: April 2018

Hierarchically porous Mo-doped Ni–Fe oxide nanowires were synthesized via a eutectic-derived self-templating strategy, which exhibit superior electro-catalytic performance towards the OER/HER.
A flexible rechargeable zinc-ion wire-shaped battery with shape memory function
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Ruan Zhaoheng , Liu Zhuoxin , Wang Yukun , Tang Zijie , Li Hongfei , Zhu Minshen , Hung Tak Fuk , Liu Jun , Shi Zicong , Zhi Chunyi
Published: April 2018

A flexible wire-shaped rechargeable Zn-ion battery with shape memory function was fabricated, delivering decent performances and good recoverability to mechanical deformation.
Photoreduction of carbon dioxide of atmospheric concentration to methane with water over CoAl-layered double hydroxide nanosheets
Authors: Wang Kefu , Zhang Ling , Su Yang , Shao Dengkui , Zeng Shuwen , Wang Wenzhong
Published: April 2018

High CH4 selectivity for the photoreduction of CO2 of atmospheric concentration on CoAl-LDHs.
Highly efficient bifunctional catalytic activity of bismuth rhodium oxide pyrochlore through tuning the covalent character for rechargeable aqueous Na–air batteries
Authors: Kim Myeongjin , Ju Hyun , Kim Jooheon
Published: April 2018

Phosphate ion (H2PO4−) functionalized Bi2Rh2O6.8pyrochlore nanoparticles are developed as effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reaction, leading to the greatly improved round-trip efficiency of Na–air battery.
A comprehensive analysis and rational designing of efficient Fe-based oxygen electrocatalysts for metal–air batteries
Authors: Nandan Ravi , Gautam Ajay , Tripathi Shalini , Nanda Karuna Kar
Published: April 2018

Fe–Fe3C encapsulated Fe–Nx enriched N-doped carbon nanotubes as an air-cathode electrocatalyst for metal–air batteries and their practical feasibility for powering light emitting diodes.
An electrochemically induced bilayered structure facilitates long-life zinc storage of vanadium dioxide
Authors: Wei Tongye , Li Qian , Yang Gongzheng , Wang Chengxin
Published: April 2018

VO2 is firstly employed as high-performance zinc ion battery cathode material and in detail investigated its electrochemical zinc-storage mechanism.
Nanobead-on-string composites for tendon tissue engineering
Authors: Rinoldi Chiara , Kijeńska Ewa , Chlanda Adrian , Choinska Emilia , Khenoussi Nabyl , Tamayol Ali , Khademhosseini Ali , Swieszkowski Wojciech
Published: April 2018

The bead-on-string topography of electrospun nanocomposite scaffolds improves fibroblast response in terms of cell spreading and proliferation.
Enhancing surface immobilization of bioactive moleculesviaa silica nanoparticle based coating
Authors: Woeppel K. M. , Zheng X. S. , Cui X. T.
Published: April 2018

3-Dimentional nanoparticle base coatings greatly increase the degree of surface immobilization, elevating the bioactivity of both protein and antioxidant modifications.
Smart assembly of Mn-ferrites/silica core–shell with fluorescein and gold nanorods: robust and stable nanomicelles for in vivo triple modality imaging
Authors: Monaco Ilaria , Armanetti Paolo , Locatelli Erica , Flori Alessandra , Maturi Mirko , Del Turco Serena , Menichetti Luca , Comes Franchini Mauro
Published: April 2018

We report the synthesis of a resilient nanosystem (MnFe2O4@SiO2@GNRs@PMs) for magnetic–photoacoustic–optical triple-modality imaging.
Magnetically-targeted and near infrared fluorescence/magnetic resonance/photoacoustic imaging-guided combinational anti-tumor phototherapy based on polydopamine-capped magnetic Prussian blue nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yidan , Pang Xiaojuan , Wang Jinping , Cheng Yu , Song Yilin , Sun Qi , You Qing , Tan Fengping , Li Jiao , Li Nan
Published: April 2018

The multifunctional Fe3O4@PB@PDA/AlPc/BSA nanocomposite can be utilized for trimodality imaging-guided PTT/PDT combinatorial therapy.
Cubic CeO2implanted reduced graphene oxide-based highly sensitive biosensor for non-invasive oral cancer biomarker detection
Authors: Pachauri Namrata , Dave Kashyap , Dinda Amit , Solanki Pratima R.
Published: April 2018

Herein, we report a cerium oxide nanocubes (ncCeO2)–reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-based nanocomposite for the detection of oral cancer biomarker, cytokeratin fragment-21-1 (Cyfra-21-1), using the electrochemical technique.
Efficient triplet utilization in conventional solution-processed phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes using a thermal activated delayed fluorescence polymer as an assistant host
Authors: Sun Dianming , Ren Zhongjie , Yan Shouke
Published: April 2018

A TADF polymer COPO is used as an assistant host material to improve the performance of Ir(mPPy)3-based solution-processed devices.
Maintenance of Improved Attitudes Toward Stuttering
Authors: St. Louis Kenneth O. , Flynn Timothy W.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This study sought to determine the extent to which experimentally induced positive attitudes in high school students in a previous investigation were maintained 7 years later.

Method

Authors and assistants recruited 36 adults in their early 20s (Follow-up group) who, in high school, had witnessed either a live oral talk by a person who stutters or a professionally made video on stuttering designed for teens followed by a short talk by the same speaker. The Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering was administered before and after the interventions in high school and 7 years later such that pre–post group comparisons were made. Previously, the Follow-up group had demonstrated highly positive changes in their attitudes after the interventions. In addition, a control group of 56 former high school students from the same state, who did not participate in the interventions, were recruited and compared to the Follow-up group.

Results

The Follow-up group, which was found to be representative of the original high school cohort, held more positive Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering mean ratings than the Control group, although somewhat less positive than their previous postintervention ratings.

Conclusions

The Follow-up group maintained many of the positive changes in their beliefs and self reactions regarding stuttering that were induced 7 years earlier after witnessing personal stories and facts about stuttering.
Treating Childhood Apraxia of Speech With the Kaufman Speech to Language Protocol: A Phase I Pilot Study
Authors: Gomez Maryane , McCabe Patricia , Jakielski Kathy , Purcell Alison
Published: April 2018

Purpose

A Phase I pilot study was designed to collect preliminary evidence on the use of the Kaufman Speech to Language Protocol (K-SLP; Kaufman, 2014) to treat children with childhood apraxia of speech. We hypothesized that the K-SLP approach would result in more accurate speech production in targeted words, whereas untrained (control) words and speech sounds would remain unchanged.

Method

A single-case multiple-baseline across behaviors experimental design was used to see if experimental feasibility could be demonstrated. Two children each received a total of 12 1-hr treatment sessions over 3 weeks. The children's response to treatment and experimental control was measured by administering baseline, treatment, and posttreatment probes.

Results

Both children showed some response to treatment, as measured by percent phonemes correct; however, the response to treatment varied. In general, for the treated words that improved with therapy, accuracy was maintained above baseline level during the maintenance phase. Minimal generalization was observed for this study, with only 1 participant generalizing treatment gains to 2 sets of untrained (similar) words.

Conclusion

This Phase I pilot study provides limited preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of the K-SLP approach in treating childhood apraxia of speech in some children under the conditions specified in this study. Replication of these results in well-controlled studies is needed before this structured and operationalized version of the K-SLP approach can be recommended for clinical use.
Gabor feature‐based composite kernel method for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Li Heng‐Chao , Zhou Hong‐Lian , Pan Lei , Du Qian
Published: April 2018

Different from the traditional kernel classifiers that map the original data into high‐dimensional kernel space, a novel classifier that projects Gabor features of the hyperspectral image into the kernel induced space through composite kernel technique is presented. The proposed method can not only improve the flexibility of the exploitation of spatial information but also successfully apply the kernel technique from a very different perspective to strengthen the discriminative ability. Experiments on the Indian Pines dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Techno‐economic design optimisation of an interior permanent‐magnet synchronous motor by the multi‐objective approach
Authors: Ilka Reza , Alinejad‐Beromi Yousef , Yaghobi Hamid
Published: April 2018

In engineering terms, it is always desirable to maximise the efficiency of the motor and to look the problem in economic viewpoint, minimisation of the weight and cost of the motor is required. As these two aspects are like two sides of a coin, it is usually aimed to acquire the best efficiency per weight and cost. As a result, the performance improvement of permanent‐magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has two sides: technical and economic. This study proposes a new approach for design optimisation of an interior PMSM (IPMSM) taking into account both technical performances and economic considerations. The selected rotor configuration is a good candidate for general purpose industrial applications. A multi‐objective optimisation technique based on a new and efficient magnetic equivalent circuit of the motor is applied to obtain optimal motor parameters. A Pareto front composed of possible optimal solutions is provided. The best optimal solution is then selected using a k‐means clustering algorithm. To verify the efficacy of the design optimisation, the performance characteristics of the optimal PMSM are compared by both the finite element simulations and the experiments. In the test setup, an 8‐pole, 200‐Watt, four‐phase IPMSM with an optimised structure is prototyped where the results give agreeable accuracy.
Prototyping and hardware‐in‐loop verification of OCR
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Kumar Vishal , Pratap Rajendra
Published: April 2018

This study presents the design and development of a soft‐core prototype of an overcurrent relay (OCR). The prototype is implemented on the field programmable gate array and its functionality has been verified using hardware‐in‐loop testing on the real‐time digital simulator. Computational efficiency and memory requirement of the OCR is improved by using integer arithmetic Verilog design platform. Extreme inverse and very inverse characteristics of the OCR based on standard inverse‐time characteristics as per IEEE standard C37.112‐1996 is used and tested in the proposed design. Digital design of the proposed algorithm, emulation results, complete hardware setup and experimental test results are presented in this study. The performance of the OCR is evaluated for a large range of characteristic parameters (pick‐up current and time‐dial setting) and various operating conditions which validate the operation of the relay in real time with the power network. The designed relay has the ability to differentiate between fault and inrush current to avoid any mal‐operation during energisation of transformers.
Effect of temperature on the production and diffusion behaviour of furfural in oil–paper insulation systems
Authors: Hao Jian , Feng Dawai , Liao Ruijin , Yang Lijun , Lin Yuandi
Published: April 2018

The existing research on furfural analysis mainly focuses on the relationship between the furfural content in oil and the degree of polymerization (DP) of the paper, which are always obtained by accelerated thermal aging at high temperatures. However, the operating temperature of a winding is relatively low, approximately 60°C to 90°C. Thus, the relationship established at high temperature may be not suitable for the operating temperatures. In this research, aging tests of oil‐paper systems at different temperatures ( from 100°C to 130°C) were carried out, with the DP, furfural content in oil and furfural content in paper being measured regularly to analyze the effect of temperature variation on the production and diffusion behavior of furfural in oil–paper insulation. The results show that temperature influences the production of furfural, i.e., there is no obvious difference in the amount of furfural produced by paper in the initial aging periods; however, a higher temperature results in more furfural being produced when the DP decreases to values below 600. An obvious diffusion process occurs after furfural is produced in paper in accelerated aging experiments, resulting in most of the furfural content remaining in the cellulose paper in the initial aging period.
Composite filtering strategy for improving distortion invariance in object recognition
Authors: Awan Ahmed B. , Rehman Saad , Bakhshi Asim D.
Published: April 2018

Correlation‐based pattern recognition filtering methods such as the eigenextended maximum average correlation height (EEMACH) filter is considered an effective tool in object recognition applications. However, these approaches require exclusive training for all possible distortions including in‐plane as well as out‐of‐plane rotation, scale and illumination variations. The overall training process is exhaustive and requires training of filter banks to handle specific types of distortion separately. To overcome the aforementioned limitations, the authors propose a new difference of Gaussian (DoG)‐based logarithmically preprocessed EEMACH filter which can manage multiple distortions in a single training instance while ensuring inherent control over illumination variations. The DoG‐based logarithmic treatment exploits inherent capabilities of logarithmic preprocessing to manage scale and in‐plane rotations. By reducing the number of classifier instances to one third, it not only reduces the computation complexity of the process to 33%, but also enhances the object recognition performance. The cumulative improvement is up to 2.73% in case of rotations and 10.8% in case of scaling by incorporating reinforced edges due to DoG operation. The resultant filter displays significantly enhanced recognition performance leading to a higher percentage of correct machine decisions, especially when an input scene contains multiple distortions.
Hybrid control scheme for mitigating the inherent DC‐current in the transformer in buck‐boost full‐bridge converter for an all‐electric motor drive system
Authors: Swaminathan Niraja , Narasamma Lakshmi
Published: April 2018

A buck‐boost full‐bridge topology is preferred for low‐input voltage, high gain, high‐power battery fed front‐end converter of an all‐electric motor drive system. Variants of this topology feature high direct current (DC)‐gain, soft switching, continuous input and output currents with a phase modulation/asymmetrical pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme. These variants exhibit a high‐magnitude DC‐current in the transformer primary winding for low‐input voltage, high‐power application leading to poor core utilisation and low‐power density of the system. The operation and analysis of the converter are presented to highlight the DC‐current in the transformer and to mitigate this, a hybrid control scheme (HCS) is proposed. The proposed HCS consists of a DC‐current compensation (DCCC) loop to mitigate the DC‐current in the transformer without altering the DC‐gain with no additional components and output regulation (REG) loop to regulate the output. The output REG and DCCC loops are independent of each other. Soft switching is retained with this proposed scheme. The necessity to mitigate the DC‐current, analysis, and implementation of the HCS is discussed. The verification of the proposed HCS scheme in simulation and the experimental prototype is presented.
Fault detection for multi‐source integrated navigation system using fully convolutional neural network
Authors: Xu Haowei , Lian Baowang
Published: April 2018

An accurate fault detection method is critical in preventing the integrity of multi‐source navigation system from the abnormal measurements which may occur any time. Here, a multi‐channel single‐dimensional fully convolutional neural network fault detection method is proposed, where the system measuring residuals sequence is used as the input, and the output is the system operating state, such as normal or fault types, in pointwise. The proposed technique extracts the features with various scales, which contain both the local and the general information of the signal sequence, for making a comprehensive and precise classification. To show the validity of the proposed method, computer simulations and trolley testing based on INS/GNSS/UWB integrated navigation system are carried out. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed fault detection method is superior to the existing algorithms on the faults detection rate and false alarm rate, and thus, system reliability and navigation precision have been greatly improved.
Comparative analysis of breakdown spectra registered using optical spectrometry technique in biodegradable ester liquids and mineral oil
Authors: Rozga Pawel , Tabaka Przemyslaw
Published: April 2018

This study presents the results of optical spectrometry based measurements performed in three commercial dielectric liquids: synthetic ester, natural ester, and mineral oil. The optical spectra collected concern the breakdown initiated by standard lightning impulse voltage of positive polarity in a point‐plane electrode system. The obtained results showed the differences between the spectra. The relationships between emission from atomic hydrogen (656.3 nm) and continuum concerning the wavelengths between 380 and 600 nm attributed to dissociation and fragmentation of molecules and recombination of molecular fragments were assessed as different for the distinctive liquids tested. The emission from atomic hydrogen was dominant in the case of mineral oil, however, for natural ester and first of all for synthetic ester, the light from the mentioned continuum had the highest intensity. Thus, this may be supposed that the differences in the spectra resulting from the different proportions of the physical processes responsible for the breakdown in a given liquid. It seems that in ester liquids the way for direct excitation and ionisation of liquid molecules is easier, so easier rotational and vibrational types of excitation of the high number density main molecules may take place giving a reflection in the optical spectra registered.
How much does turbulence change the pebble isolation mass for planet formation?
Authors: Ataiee S. , Baruteau C. , Alibert Y. , Benz W.
Published: April 2018

Context. When a planet becomes massive enough, it gradually carves a partial gap around its orbit in the protoplanetary disk. A pressure maximum can be formed outside the gap where solids that are loosely coupled to the gas, typically in the pebble size range, can be trapped. The minimum planet mass for building such a trap, which is called the pebble isolation mass (PIM), is important for two reasons: it marks the end of planetary growth by pebble accretion, and the trapped dust forms a ring that may be observed with millimetre observations.

Aims. We study the effect of disk turbulence on the PIM and find its dependence on the gas turbulent viscosity, aspect ratio, and particles Stokes number.

Methods. By means of 2D gas hydrodynamical simulations, we found the minimum planet mass to form a radial pressure maximum beyond the orbit of the planet, which is the necessary condition to trap pebbles. We then carried out 2D gas plus dust hydrodynamical simulations to examine how dust turbulent diffusion impacts particles trapping at the pressure maximum. We finally provide a semi-analytical calculation of the PIM based on comparing the radial drift velocity of solids and the root mean square turbulent velocity fluctuations around the pressure maximum.

Results. From our results of gas simulations, we provide an expression for the PIM vs. disk aspect ratio and turbulent viscosity. Our gas plus dust simulations show that the effective PIM can be nearly an order of magnitude larger in high-viscosity disks because turbulence diffuse particles out of the pressure maximum. This is quantified by our semi-analytical calculation, which gives an explicit dependence of the PIM with Stokes number of particles.

Conclusions. Disk turbulence can significantly alter the PIM, depending on the level of turbulence in regions of planet formation.
Cosmic-ray ionisation in circumstellar discs
Authors: Padovani Marco , Ivlev Alexei V. , Galli Daniele , Caselli Paola
Published: April 2018

Context.Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are a ubiquitous source of ionisation of the interstellar gas, competing with UV and X-ray photons as well as natural radioactivity in determining the fractional abundance of electrons, ions, and charged dust grains in molecular clouds and circumstellar discs.

Aims.We model the propagation of various components of Galactic CRs versus the column density of the gas. Our study is focussed on the propagation at high densities, above a few g cm−2, especially relevant for the inner regions of collapsing clouds and circumstellar discs.

Methods.The propagation of primary and secondary CR particles (protons and heavier nuclei, electrons, positrons, and photons) is computed in the continuous slowing down approximation, diffusion approximation, or catastrophic approximation by adopting a matching procedure for the various transport regimes. A choice of the proper regime depends on the nature of the dominant loss process modelled as continuous or catastrophic.

Results.The CR ionisation rate is determined by CR protons and their secondary electrons below ≈130 g cm−2and by electron-positron pairs created by photon decay above ≈600 g cm−2. We show that a proper description of the particle transport is essential to compute the ionisation rate in the latter case, since the electron and positron differential fluxes depend sensitively on the fluxes of both protons and photons.

Conclusions.Our results show that the CR ionisation rate in high-density environments, such as the inner parts of collapsing molecular clouds or the mid-plane of circumstellar discs, is higher than previously assumed. It does not decline exponentially with increasing column density, but follows a more complex behaviour because of the interplay of the different processes governing the generation and propagation of secondary particles.
Low levels of methanol deuteration in the high-mass star-forming region NGC 6334I
Authors: Bøgelund Eva G. , McGuire Brett A. , Ligterink Niels F. W. , Taquet Vianney , Brogan Crystal L. , Hunter Todd R. , Pearson John C. , Hogerheijde Michiel R. , van Dishoeck Ewine F.
Published: April 2018

Context. The abundance of deuterated molecules in a star-forming region is sensitive to the environment in which they are formed. Deuteration fractions, in other words the ratio of a species containing D to its hydrogenated counterpart, therefore provide a powerful tool for studying the physical and chemical evolution of a star-forming system. While local low-mass star-forming regions show very high deuteration ratios, much lower fractions are observed towards Orion and the Galactic centre. Astration of deuterium has been suggested as a possible cause for low deuteration in the Galactic centre.

Aims. We derive methanol deuteration fractions at a number of locations towards the high-mass star-forming region NGC 6334I, located at a mean distance of 1.3 kpc, and discuss how these can shed light on the conditions prevailing during its formation.

Methods. We use high sensitivity, high spatial and spectral resolution observations obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/ submillimeter Array to study transitions of the less abundant, optically thin, methanol-isotopologues: 13CH3OH, CH318OH, CH2DOH and CH3OD, detected towards NGC 6334I. Assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and excitation temperatures of ~120–330 K, we derive column densities for each of the species and use these to infer CH2DOH/CH3OH and CH3OD/CH3OH fractions.

Results. We derive column densities in a range of (0.8–8.3) × 1017 cm−2 for 13CH3OH, (0.13–3.4) × 1017 cm−2 for CH318OH, (0.03–1.63) × 1017 cm−2 for CH2DOH and (0.15–5.5) × 1017 cm−2 for CH3OD in a ~1″ beam. Interestingly, the column densities of CH3OD are consistently higher than those of CH2DOH throughout the region by factors of 2–15. We calculate the CH2DOH to CH3OH and CH3OD to CH3OH ratios for each of the sampled locations in NGC 6334I. These values range from 0.03% to 0.34% for CH2DOH and from 0.27% to 1.07% for CH3OD if we use the 13C isotope of methanol as a standard; using the 18 O-methanol as a standard, decreases the ratios by factors of between two and three.

Conclusions. All regions studied in this work show CH2DOH/CH3OH as well as CH2DOH/CH3OD values that are considerably lower than those derived towards low-mass star-forming regions and slightly lower than those derived for the high-mass star-forming regions in Orion and the Galactic centre. The low ratios indicate a grain surface temperature during formation ~30 K, for which the efficiency of the formation of deuterated species is significantly reduced. Therefore, astration of deuterium in the Galactic centre cannot be the explanation for its low deuteration ratio but rather the high temperatures characterising the region.
Sexualität und Intimität als bedeutungsvolle Betätigung – Darüber sprechen
Authors: Schneider Jens , Granse Mieke le
Published: April 2018

Angeblich ist Sex die schönste Sache der Welt. Dennoch wird das Thema im Gesundheitswesen tabuisiert. Mieke le Granse und Jens Schneider bieten Hilfestellung, wie Ergotherapeuten ein Gespräch initiieren und Klienten mit Querschnittlähmung oder psychiatrischen Erkrankungen bzw. Senioren befähigen können, mit Intimität verbundene Betätigungen auszuführen.
Konsensusempfehlung des Deutschen Konsortiums Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs zum Umgang mit Ergebnissen der Multigenanalyse
Authors: Waha Anke , Versmold Beatrix , Kast Karin , Kiechle Marion , Ditsch Nina , Meindl Alfons , Niederacher Dieter , Hahnen Eric , Arnold Norbert , Mundhenke Christoph , Horvath Judit , Auber Bernd , Dikow Nicola , Hauke Jan , Wappenschmidt Barbara , Riess Olaf , Schott Sarah , Speiser Dorothee , Faust Ulrike , Sutter Christian , Rhiem Kerstin , Schmutzler Rita
Published: April 2018

Das Deutsche Konsortium Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs (GC-HBOC) hat für die Analyse von Risikogenen für das familiäre Mamma- und Ovarialkarzinom ein Multigen-Panel (TruRisk®) etabliert, das derzeit die Kerngene („core genes“) ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, NBN, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51 D und TP53 enthält, sowie weitere Gene, die aus aktuellen Forschungsarbeiten hervorgegangen sind und noch validiert werden müssen. Das syndromassoziierte Gen PTEN befindet sich hinsichtlich seiner Bedeutung in Familien mit prädominantem Brust- und Eierstockkrebs-Phänotyp derzeit ebenfalls in der Evaluation. Ein interdisziplinäres Expertenteam des GC-HBOC hat die verfügbaren Daten zur Risikomodifikation bei Vorliegen einer pathogenen (krankheitsverursachenden) Mutation in diesen Genen basierend auf einer strukturierten Literaturrecherche (Abb. 1S) und im Rahmen eines formalen Konsensusprozesses bewertet. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das individuelle Erkrankungsrisiko besser einschätzen und auf dieser Basis klinische Empfehlungen ableiten zu können. Auf der Grundlage dieser evidenzbasierten Bewertung werden die Ratsuchenden in den Zentren des Deutschen Konsortiums vom Erstgespräch vor Gentest bis zur Inanspruchnahme individueller risikoadaptierter präventiver/therapeutischer Maßnahmen beraten und betreut. Dieser Artikel fasst die konsentierten Inhalte zusammen.