bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harvesting krypton isotopes from the off-gas of an irradiated water target to generate 76Br and 77Br
Authors: Clause Hannah K. , Domnanich Katharina A. , Kleinfeldt Chloe , Kalman Morgan , Walker Wesley , Vyas Chirag , Abel E. Paige , Severin Gregory W.
Published: January 2022

A flowing-water target was irradiated with a 150 MeV/nucleon beam of 78Kr at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory to produce 77Kr and 76Kr. Real-time gamma-imaging measurements revealed the mass transport of the krypton radioisotopes through the target-water processing, or “isotope harvesting”, system. The production rates were determined to be 2.7(1) × 10–4 nuclei of 76Kr and 1.18(6) × 10–2 nuclei of 77Kr formed per incident 78Kr ion. Utilizing an off-gas processing line as part of the isotope harvesting system, a total of 7.2(1) MBq of 76Kr and 19.1(6) MBq of 77Kr were collected in cold traps. Through the decay, the daughter radionuclides 76Br and 77Br were generated and removed from the traps with an average efficiency of 77 ± 12%. Due to the differences in half-lives of 76Kr and 77Kr, it was possible to isolate a pure sample of 76Br with 99.9% radionuclidic purity. The successful collection of krypton radioisotopes to generate 76Br and 77Br demonstrates the feasibility of gas-phase isotope harvesting from irradiated accelerator cooling-water. Larger-scale collections are planned for collecting by-product radionuclides from the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams.
Choice of antithrombotic therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing carotid angioplasty and stenting: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Huang Yung-Chuan , Huang Yen-Chun , Cheng Yu-Chen , Chen Mingchih
Published: January 2022

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and carotid stenosis are important risk factors for stroke. Carotid angioplasty and stent placement (CAS) is recommended for patients with symptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis. The optimal medical management for patients with NVAF after CAS remains unclear. We aimed to clarify this issue using real-world data from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). In total, 2116 consecutive NVAF patients who received CAS between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016, from NHIRD were divided into groups based on post-procedure medication as follows: only antiplatelet agent (OAP, n = 587); only anticoagulation agent (OAC, n = 477); dual antiplatelet agents (DAP, n = 49); and a combination of antiplatelet and anticoagulation agents (CAPAC, n = 304). Mortality, vascular events, and major bleeding episodes were compared after matching with the Charlson comorbidity index and CHA2DS2-VASc score. The CAPAC and the OAC groups had lower mortality rates than the OAP group (P = 0.0219), with no statistical differences in major bleeding, ischemic stroke, or vascular events. Conclusively, OAC therapy after CAS appears suitable for NVAF patients. CAPAC therapy might be considered as initial therapy or when there is concern about vascular events.
Automated retinal boundary segmentation of optical coherence tomography images using an improved Canny operator
Authors: Liu Jian , Yan Shixin , Lu Nan , Yang Dongni , Lv Hongyu , Wang Shuanglian , Zhu Xin , Zhao Yuqian , Wang Yi , Ma Zhenhe , Yu Yao
Published: January 2022

Retinal segmentation is a prerequisite for quantifying retinal structural features and diagnosing related ophthalmic diseases. Canny operator is recognized as the best boundary detection operator so far, and is often used to obtain the initial boundary of the retina in retinal segmentation. However, the traditional Canny operator is susceptible to vascular shadows, vitreous artifacts, or noise interference in retinal segmentation, causing serious misdetection or missed detection. This paper proposed an improved Canny operator for automatic segmentation of retinal boundaries. The improved algorithm solves the problems of the traditional Canny operator by adding a multi-point boundary search step on the basis of the original method, and adjusts the convolution kernel. The algorithm was used to segment the retinal images of healthy subjects and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients; eleven retinal boundaries were identified and compared with the results of manual segmentation by the ophthalmologists. The average difference between the automatic and manual methods is: 2–6 microns (1–2 pixels) for healthy subjects and 3–10 microns (1–3 pixels) for AMD patients. Qualitative method is also used to verify the accuracy and stability of the algorithm. The percentage of “perfect segmentation” and “good segmentation” is 98% in healthy subjects and 94% in AMD patients. This algorithm can be used alone or in combination with other methods as an initial boundary detection algorithm. It is easy to understand and improve, and may become a useful tool for analyzing and diagnosing eye diseases.
Gene and metabolite expression dependence on body mass index in human myocardium
Authors: Adebayo Adewale S. , Roman Marius , Zakkar Mustafa , Yusoff Syabira , Gulston Melanie , Joel-David Lathishia , Anthony Bony , Lai Florence Y. , Murgia Antonio , Eagle-Hemming Bryony , Sheikh Sophia , Kumar Tracy , Aujla Hardeep , Dott Will , Griffin Julian L. , Murphy Gavin J. , Woźniak Marcin J.
Published: January 2022

We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) dependent changes in myocardial gene expression and energy-related metabolites underlie the biphasic association between BMI and mortality (the obesity paradox) in cardiac surgery. We performed transcriptome profiling and measured a panel of 144 metabolites in 53 and 55, respectively, myocardial biopsies from a cohort of sixty-six adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (registration: NCT02908009). The initial analysis identified 239 transcripts with biphasic BMI dependence. 120 displayed u-shape and 119 n-shape expression patterns. The identified local minima or maxima peaked at BMI 28–29. Based on these results and to best fit the WHO classification, we grouped the patients into three groups: BMI < 25, 25 ≤ BMI ≤ 32, and BMI > 32. The analysis indicated that protein translation-related pathways were downregulated in 25 ≤ BMI ≤ 32 compared with BMI < 25 patients. Muscle contraction transcripts were upregulated in 25 ≤ BMI ≤ 32 patients, and cholesterol synthesis and innate immunity transcripts were upregulated in the BMI > 32 group. Transcripts involved in translation, muscle contraction and lipid metabolism also formed distinct correlation networks with biphasic dependence on BMI. Metabolite analysis identified acylcarnitines and ribose-5-phosphate increasing in the BMI > 32 group and α-ketoglutarate increasing in the BMI < 25 group. Molecular differences in the myocardium mirror the biphasic relationship between BMI and mortality.
Correlation-driven electronic reconstruction in FeTe1−xSex
Authors: Huang Jianwei , Yu Rong , Xu Zhijun , Zhu Jian-Xin , Oh Ji Seop , Jiang Qianni , Wang Meng , Wu Han , Chen Tong , Denlinger Jonathan D. , Mo Sung-Kwan , Hashimoto Makoto , Michiardi Matteo , Pedersen Tor M. , Gorovikov Sergey , Zhdanovich Sergey , Damascelli Andrea , Gu Genda , Dai Pengcheng , Chu Jiun-Haw , Lu Donghui , Si Qimiao , Birgeneau Robert J. , Yi Ming
Published: January 2022

Electronic correlation is of fundamental importance to high temperature superconductivity. While the low energy electronic states in cuprates are dominantly affected by correlation effects across the phase diagram, observation of correlation-driven changes in fermiology amongst the iron-based superconductors remains rare. Here we present experimental evidence for a correlation-driven reconstruction of the Fermi surface tuned independently by two orthogonal axes of temperature and Se/Te ratio in the iron chalcogenide family FeTe1−xSex. We demonstrate that this reconstruction is driven by the de-hybridization of a strongly renormalized dxy orbital with the remaining itinerant iron 3d orbitals in the emergence of an orbital-selective Mott phase. Our observations are further supported by our theoretical calculations to be salient spectroscopic signatures of such a non-thermal evolution from a strongly correlated metallic phase into an orbital-selective Mott phase in dxy as Se concentration is reduced.
Injectable hydrogel platform with biodegradable Dawson-type polyoxometalate and R848 for combinational photothermal-immunotherapy of cancer
Authors: Liu Yandi , Han Yu-Yang , Lu Sha , Wu Yingjiao , Li Juan , Sun Xiaoyi , Yan Jun
Published: January 2022

Dawson-type polyoxometalate is discovered as a potent and biodegradable photothermal agent and applied for combinational photothermal-immunotherapy of cancer.
3-Aminophthalic acid, a new cereblon ligand for targeted protein degradation by O’PROTAC
Authors: Yan Yuqian , Shao Jingwei , Ding Donglin , Pan Yunqian , Tran Phuc , Yan Wei , Wang Zhengyu , Li Hong-yu , Huang Haojie
Published: January 2022

In this study, we discovered 3-aminophthalic acid as a new ligand of cereblon (CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase and developed a phthalic acid-based O’PROTAC for ERG destruction, expanding the pool of ligands for development of PROTACs, especially O’PROTACs.
Evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of nano-drugs targeting epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Siying , Pang Xuelei , Shan Yuping
Published: January 2022

Using force tracing and nano-indentation techniques, the therapeutic effect of nano-drugs targeting EGFR was evaluated at the single particle/cell level.
Synthesis of pyranopyrazoles with a chiral quaternary carbon stereocenter via copper-catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 3] cycloaddition
Authors: Wang Meihui , Li Bo , Gong Baihui , Yao Hequan , Lin Aijun
Published: January 2022

Synthesis of pyranopyrazoles with a chiral quaternary carbon stereocenter via Copper-catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 3] cycloaddition has been developed.
Nanobodies as solubilization chaperones for the expression and purification of inclusion-body prone proteins
Authors: Yao Guangshuai , Huang Chundong , Ji Fangling , Ren Jun , Luo Xiuna , Zang Berlin , Jia Lingyun
Published: January 2022

Nanobodies as molecular-specific chaperones assist in the folding of antigen proteins via specific binding in vivo.
pH-dependent oiling-out during the polymorph transformation of disodium guanosine 5′-monophosphate
Authors: Zou Fengxia , Zhou Li , Chen Qiao , Zhu JinLi , Wang Jin , Tang Yanfeng , Wang Minmin , Yang Pengpeng , Li Tonglei
Published: January 2022

A typical oiling-out process in the binary phase with FBRM patterns and an online picture.
Theoretical modeling of molecules in weakly interacting environments: trifluoride anions in argon
Authors: Bader Frederik , Tremblay Jean Christophe , Paulus Beate
Published: January 2022

Ab initio modeling of trifluoride anions in argon matrices shows that subtle environmental changes can affect the molecular vibrations in qualitatively differing ways.
A computational study of the mechanism of chloroalkane dechlorination with Rh(i) complexes
Authors: Bac Selin , Fieser Megan E. , Mallikarjun Sharada Shaama
Published: January 2022

Delineating mechanisms for selective, catalytic dechlorination towards development of catalytic pathways for upcycling polyvinyl chloride.
Quantitative determination of the orientational ordering of graphene oxide membranes by the spin probe technique
Authors: N. A. Chumakova , A. Kh. Vorobiev , D. A. Astvatsaturov , T. S. Yankova , A. T. Rebrikova , M. V. Matveev
Published: January 2022

The orientational alignment of graphene oxide membranes was determined quantitatively using the spin probe technique; the values of the orientational order parameters up to the 6th rank were obtained.
A π-extended triphenylamine based dopant-free hole-transporting material for perovskite solar cells via heteroatom substitution
Authors: Hao Mengyao , Tan Davin , Chi Weijie , Li Ze-sheng
Published: January 2022

The heteroatoms could play a critical role in improving the hole transport and interfacial charge transfer of triphenylamine-based HTM.
One-pot synthesis of stable and functional hydrophilic CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots for “turn-on” fluorescence detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Jiang Xue , Zeng Hongwei , Duan Changyuan , Hu Qianfang , Wu Qiaomin , Yu Yang , Yang Xiaolan
Published: January 2022

Stable and hydrophilic CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots functionalized with carboxyl groups were prepared by a one-pot method and applied to the detection of biomolecules.
Reline deep eutectic solvent as a green electrolyte for electrochemical energy storage applications
Authors: Azmi Sara , Koudahi Masoud Foroutan , Frackowiak Elzbieta
Published: January 2022

Reline is a promising green, non-flammable, low-cost, and non-toxic electrolyte. Its anti-corrosion characteristic makes Reline suitable for electrochemical capacitors, it offers excellent cycle stability at 2.2 V with superb capacitance retention.
Chemical stability of sulfide solid-state electrolytes: stability toward humid air and compatibility with solvents and binders
Authors: Nikodimos Yosef , Huang Chen-Jui , Taklu Bereket Woldegbreal , Su Wei-Nien , Hwang Bing Joe
Published: January 2022

Sulfide solid electrolyte (S-SE) based all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have received particular attention due to their outstanding ionic conductivity and higher energy density over conventional lithium-ion batteries.
Hydrated eutectic electrolytes for high-performance Mg-ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Yunpei , Guo Xianrong , Lei Yongjiu , Wang Wenxi , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Yuan Youyou , He Yao , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: January 2022

A hydrated eutectic electrolyte with 3D percolating hydrogen bond network is designed for high-performance aqueous Mg-ion batteries.
A review of PFAS fingerprints in fish from Norwegian freshwater bodies subject to different source inputs
Authors: Langberg Håkon A. , Hale Sarah E. , Breedveld Gijs D. , Jenssen Bjørn M. , Jartun Morten
Published: January 2022

Fingerprints associated with long-range atmospheric transport, production of paper products, and use of aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) were identified.
Mechanistic analysis identifying reaction pathways for rapid reductive photodebromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers using BiVO4/BiOBr/Pd heterojunction nanocomposite photocatalyst
Authors: Miller Edward B. , Zahran Elsayed M. , Knecht Marc R. , Bachas Leonidas G.
Published: January 2022

BDE-47, a significant environmental pollutant, is rapidly and completely debrominated to diphenyl ether using the nanocomposite photocatalyst, BiVO4/BiOBr/Pd. Mechanistic details of the degradation pathway are probed.
Laboratory efficacy of locally manufactured ceramic water filters in removing Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Heylen Camille , String Gabrielle , Lantagne Daniele
Published: January 2022

Results highlight that locally-manufactured ceramic water filters from different factories have high variability in V. cholerae removal efficacy, and silver disinfection is the most critical mechanism to remove V. cholerae from drinking water.
Adherence to the MIND diet and the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults: a cohort study
Authors: Golzarand Mahdieh , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: January 2022

Adherence to the MIND diet is inversely associated with the risk of CVD incidents.
Effect of high-amylosestarch branching enzyme IIwheat mutants on starch digestibility in bread, product quality, postprandial satiety and glycaemic response
Authors: Corrado Marina , Ahn-Jarvis Jennifer H. , Fahy Brendan , Savva George M. , Edwards Cathrina H. , Hazard Brittany A.
Published: January 2022

Impact of white bread made fromsbeIIwheat flour on postprandial glycaemic response.
Elucidation of the interaction effect between dietary fiber and bound polyphenol components on the anti-hyperglycemic activity of tea residue dietary fiber
Authors: Huang Hairong , Chen Jiajun , Hu Xiaobo , Chen Yi , Xie Jianhua , Ao Tianxiang , Wang Hui , Xie Jiayan , Yu Qiang
Published: January 2022

The role of TRDF-BP and TRDF-DF as well as their interaction effect on the anti-hyperglycemic activity of TRDF are elucidated.
Purification of Mg from extremely low-Mg felsic rocks for isotopic ratio determination by MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Yinchu , Li Xin , Ke Shan , Sun Aiying , Yang Ruyi , Yang Weijuan , He Yongsheng
Published: January 2022

An easily operated Mg purification scheme is developed for extremely low-Mg (MgO down to 0.05 wt%) felsic rocks. Extremely low-Mg geostandards JR-1 and JR-3 are reported on for the first time.
Pairing cells of different sizes in a microfluidic device for immunological synapse monitoring
Authors: Shaik Faruk Azam , Lewuillon Clara , Guillemette Aurélie , Ahmadian Bahram , Brinster Carine , Quesnel Bruno , Collard Dominique , Touil Yasmine , Lemonnier Loïc , Tarhan Mehmet Cagatay
Published: January 2022

A cell pairing method is developed to monitor immunological synapses formed by single cells with different sizes.
In situ growth of SeOx films on the surface of Ni–Fe–selenide nanosheets as highly active and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Shang Xiaonan , Chen Weiheng , Jiang Zhong-Jie , Song Changsheng , Jiang Zhongqing
Published: January 2022

A rapid, facile, green and controllable electrodeposition method is reported for the growth of SeOx films on the surface of Ni–Fe–selenide nanosheets, which are used as highly active and stable electrocatalysts for the OER.
Biomimetic Janus photonic soft actuator with structural color self-reporting
Authors: Qi Yong , Zhou Changtong , Qiu Yisong , Cao Xianfei , Niu Wenbin , Wu Suli , Zheng Yonggang , Ma Wei , Ye Hongfei , Zhang Shufen
Published: January 2022

A novel actuating mechanism was proposed to achieve the directional bending of Janus film through unidirectional penetration of underwater oil. We revealed the actuating kinetics and inner-stress distribution/transfer by using structural color.
Environment tolerant, adaptable and stretchable organohydrogels: preparation, optimization, and applications
Authors: Ding Qiongling , Wu Zixuan , Tao Kai , Wei Yaoming , Wang Weiyan , Yang Bo-Ru , Xie Xi , Wu Jin
Published: January 2022

Organohydrogels are attractive for constructing various flexible devices with good environmental tolerance and smart materials. Their significant developments in preparation, performance optimization and application are systematically reviewed.
Oxidative [3+2]-annulation of nitroalkenes and azolium ylides in the presence of Cu(ii): efficient synthesis of [5,5]-annulated N-fused heterocycles
Authors: Motornov Vladimir A. , Tabolin Andrey A. , Ioffe Sema L.
Published: January 2022

A new approach to N-fused-[5,5]-annulated heterocycles is described based on oxidative annulation between nitroalkenes and azolium ylides in the presence of Cu(CF3COO)2.
An easy to assemble PDMS/CNTs/PANI flexible supercapacitor with high energy-to-power density
Authors: Balboni Raphael D. C. , Maron Guilherme K. , Masteghin Mateus G. , Tas Mehmet O. , Rodrigues Lucas S. , Gehrke Veridiana , Alano José H. , Andreazza Robson , Carreño Neftali L. V. , Silva S. Ravi P.
Published: January 2022

PDMS is used as matrix to produce a flexible supercapacitor based on aligned carbon nanotubes and polyaniline, which presents outstanding energy-to-power density ratio and remarkable cycling stability even at different bending angles.
Physiology, pathology and the biomolecular corona: the confounding factors in nanomedicine design
Authors: Liu Kai , Salvati Anna , Sabirsh Alan
Published: January 2022

Nanomedicines can acquire different biomolecular coronas from various biological contexts. This review offers a practical guide to tuning corona content to match physiological requirements as a necessary step for future nanomedicine success.
Highly tunable metal-free ring opening polymerization of glycidol into various controlled topologies catalyzed by frustrated lewis pairs
Authors: Kim Si Eun , Lee Yu-Ri , Kim Minseong , Seo Eunyong , Paik Hyun-Jong , Kim Jin Chul , Jeong Ji-Eun , Park Young Il , Kim Byeong-Su , Lee Sang-Ho
Published: January 2022

In this work, we investigated the metal-free frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of glycidol. It was observed that the type of Lewis bases influences on the polymer topologies and unique physical properties.
Acid-driven aggregation of selenol-functionalized zwitterionic gold nanoparticles improves the photothermal treatment efficacy of tumors
Authors: Hu Bo , Zhang Qin , Lv Xiaoyi , Gao Xiaonan , Liu Xiaojun , Xu Kehua , Tang Bo
Published: January 2022

An acid-driven aggregation of selenol-functionalized zwitterionic Au NPs (Au–Se–C4–N6) has been realized for promoting tumor targeting and improving photothermal treatment, which exhibits better stability and strong anti-interference against biothiols.
Amphiphilic rhomboidal metallacycles with aggregation-induced emission and aggregation-caused quenching luminogens for white-light emission and bioimaging
Authors: Fan Yiqi , Zhang Jinjin , Li Yang , Chen Qi , Ni Zhigang , Zhou Hui , Yu Jialin , Qiu Huayu , Yin Shouchun
Published: January 2022

Three rhomboidal metallacycles are formed by metal-ligand interactions. Due to the integration of AIEgens and ACQphores, metallacycles exhibit tunable emission. And the amphiphilic structures promote the formation of micelles used for cell imaging.
Rh-Catalyzed oxidation and trifluoroethoxylation of N-aryl-pyrrolidin-2-ones: a domino approach for the synthesis of N-aryl-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones
Authors: Luo Yang , Hu Mingli , Ge Jun , Li Bin , He Ling
Published: January 2022

A novel rhodium-catalyzed cascade oxidation dehydrogenation/trifluoroethoxylation domino one-pot reaction process for the regioselective synthesis of α,β-unsaturated-γ-trifluoroethoxy-γ-butyrolactams has been successfully developed.
Predicting hERG channel blockers with directed message passing neural networks
Authors: Shan Mengyi , Jiang Chen , Chen Jing , Qin Lu-Ping , Qin Jiang-Jiang , Cheng Gang
Published: January 2022

Compounds with human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) blockade activity may cause severe cardiotoxicity.
Homogeneous antibody–angiopep 2 conjugates for effective brain targeting
Authors: Anami Yasuaki , Xiong Wei , Yamaguchi Aiko , Yamazaki Chisato M. , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang , Tsuchikama Kyoji
Published: January 2022

Homogeneous conjugation of angiopep-2 to a monoclonal antibody improves binding affinity for brain microvascular endothelial cells and accumulation into brain tissues and tumors across the BBB.
Potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate with improved lifespan in Zn(CF3SO3)2 electrolyte for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Ni Gang , Hao Zhao , Zou Guoyin , Xu Xiuwen , Hu Bowen , Cao Fuhu , Zhou Chenggang
Published: January 2022

Potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate undergoes severe dissolution and Zn displacement in aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Its electrochemical performance is improved by tuning the anions in the electrolyte.
Searching for structural predictors of plasticity in dense active packings
Authors: Giannini Julia A. , Stanifer Ethan M. , Manning M. Lisa
Published: January 2022

We seek to predict rearrangements in assemblies of active particles using linear response theory – global pressure gradients affect this approach.
Sandwich-like solid composite electrolytes employed as bifunctional separators for safe lithium metal batteries with excellent cycling performance
Authors: Shi Kun , Xu Zhengjie , Zheng Dawei , Yang Zeheng , Zhang Weixin
Published: January 2022

A solid composite electrolyte-like bifunctional separator customized for lithium metal batteries, is developed by wrapping a PP substrate with PVDF–DBDPO layers on both sides, enabling high fire resistance and excellent cycling performance.
Effective aperture tuning of a zeolitic-imidazole framework CdIF-1 by controlled thermal amorphization
Authors: Park Sunghwan , Jeong Hae-Kwon
Published: January 2022

The controlled amorphization of a ZIF-8 analogue, CdIF-1, reduces the long-range structural order while preserving the short-range order, thereby systematically densifying the ZIF structure and consequently tuning its effective aperture.
Heterogeneity in a metal–organic framework in situ guides engineering Co@CoO heterojunction for electrocatalytic H2 production in tandem with glucose oxidation
Authors: Wu Mengchen , Zhao Jing , Li Congling , Liu Rui
Published: January 2022

Heterogeneity in metal–organicframeworks (MOFs) guides the engineering of controllable Co@CoO Mott–Schottky heterojunctions on N-doped graphene, which could drive energy-saving H2 production device in tandem with glucose oxidization.
Short-wave and near infrared π-conjugated polymers hosted in a biocompatible microemulsion: a pioneering approach for photoacoustic contrast agents
Authors: Mitsou Evgenia , Theochari Ioanna , Vassiliadi Evdokia , Nallet Frédéric , Xenakis Aristotelis
Published: January 2022

Biocompatible, non- ionic oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion was developed to encapsulate and deliver novel lipophilic polymers possessing photoacoustic properties.
Janus membranes with asymmetric cellular adhesion behaviors for regenerating eardrum perforation
Authors: Zhang Zhili , Li Jin-Bo , Li Xu , Zhu Cheng-Ye , Ren Liujie , Huang Xiao-Jun , Wu Jian , Ji Jian , Xu Zhi-Kang
Published: January 2022

A Janus membrane can not only heal the tympanic membrane perforation with its hydrophilic surface, but also possesses the anti-adhesion properties due to its hydrophobic surface.
Advanced artificial synaptic thin-film transistor based on doped potassium ions for neuromorphic computing via third-generation neural network
Authors: Cao Yixin , Zhao Tianshi , Zhao Chun , Liu Yina , Song Pengfei , Gao Hao , Zhao Ce Zhou
Published: January 2022

A novel technology of doping potassium ions to enhance the synaptic characteristics of synaptic thin-film transistors. The classifier of Spiking Neural Network with significant energy efficiency was successfully operated based on the proposed device.
Encapsulation of 2D MoS2 nanosheets into 1D carbon nanobelts as anodes with enhanced lithium/sodium storage properties
Authors: Ye Bingqing , Xu Lei , Wu Wenbo , Ye Yuliang , Yang Zunxian , Ai Jingwei , Qiu Yinglin , Gong Zhipeng , Zhou Yuanqing , Huang Qiaocan , Shen Zihong , Li Fushan , Guo Tailiang , Xu Sheng
Published: January 2022

1. This unique nanostructure with 2D MoS2 nanosheets nanoconfined into amorphous carbon layers delivered the excellent electrochemical performance. 2. The composite exhibited high reversible specific capacity, good rate capability and stability.
Doxorubicin-loaded polypyrrole nanovesicles for suppressing tumor metastasis through combining photothermotherapy and lymphatic system-targeted chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Genhua , Hu Yunping , Gou Shuangquan , He Tingting , Feng Qian , Cai Kaiyong
Published: January 2022

Polypyrrole nanovesicles (PPy NVs) with hydrodynamic diameters of around 28 nm and negatively-charged surface have been prepared for combined photothermal therapy and lymphatic targeting chemotherapy to inhibit tumor metastasis.
Neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells in vivo using the activation of the endogenous cannabinoid signaling system in mammalian eyes
Authors: Maguire Greg , Eubanks Christy , Ayoub George
Published: January 2022

Cannabinoid and glutamatergic signaling systems in the human retina coexist and greatly influence one another. Under glaucomatous conditions, excess levels of glutamate accrete in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. The present study tests the putative neuroprotective effect mediated by cannabinoids at the CB1 and CB2 receptors. In the first experiment, mice were given intravitreal injections of 160 nmol N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) in one eye and saline in the paired eye. In the second experiment, both eyes were given NMDA, while one of the two was additionally given the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2. Ten days later, animals were perfused and the retinae were dissected as wholemounts and stained with Cresyl Violet. Quantitative analysis revealed that 70% of the neurons in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer exposed to NMDA underwent cell death. The addition of the cannabinoid CB1/CB2 agonist doubled the number of neurons surviving the NMDA treatment. These data provide evidence that cannabinoids, either exogenous or endogenous, may be harnessed to provide protection from neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma, and from glutamate-induced, and potentially other forms of neurotoxicity, under chronic or acute conditions.
Room temperature laser emission of (Ga,In)(N,As)/Ga(As,Sb)/(Ga,In)(N,As) type‐II ‘W’ quantum well heterostructures
Authors: Lehr Jannik , Ritter Christian , Reinhard Stefan , Ruiz Perez Antje , von Hänisch Carsten , Stolz Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

For the first time, room temperature laser emission of an electrically pumped edge emitting laser device based on (Ga,In)(N,As)/Ga(As,Sb)/(Ga,In)(N,As) type‐II W’ quantum well heterostructures is shown. The device was grown using metal organic vapour phase epitaxy utilising the alternative nitrogen precursor di‐tert‐butyl‐amino‐arsane and characterised with electroluminescence spectroscopy. At low current densities, the emission wavelength was 1339 nm. It shifted blue with 4.26 meV/(kA/cm2) until the threshold current density was reached. At that point, the peak emission wavelength reached 1270 nm. With a cavity length of 2012 μm, the investigated device reached lasing threshold at 9.5 kA/cm2.
Assessing HRTF preprocessing methods for Ambisonics rendering through perceptual models
Authors: Engel Isaac , Goodman Dan F. M. , Picinali Lorenzo
Published: January 2022

Binaural rendering of Ambisonics signals is a common way to reproduce spatial audio content. Processing Ambisonics signals at low spatial orders is desirable in order to reduce complexity, although it may degrade the perceived quality, in part due to the mismatch that occurs when a low-order Ambisonics signal is paired with a spatially dense head-related transfer function (HRTF). In order to alleviate this issue, the HRTF may be preprocessed so its spatial order is reduced. Several preprocessing methods have been proposed, but they have not been thoroughly compared yet. In this study, nine HRTF preprocessing methods were used to render anechoic binaural signals from Ambisonics representations of orders 1 to 44, and these were compared through perceptual hearing models in terms of localisation performance, externalisation and speech reception. This assessment was supported by numerical analyses of HRTF interpolation errors, interaural differences, perceptually-relevant spectral differences, and loudness stability. Models predicted that the binaural renderings’ accuracy increased with spatial order, as expected. A notable effect of the preprocessing method was observed: whereas all methods performed similarly at the highest spatial orders, some were considerably better at lower orders. A newly proposed method, BiMagLS, displayed the best performance overall and is recommended for the rendering of bilateral Ambisonics signals. The results, which were in line with previous literature, indirectly validate the perceptual models’ ability to predict listeners’ responses in a consistent and explicable manner.
Cut time in the sub-Riemannian problem on the Cartan group
Authors: Ardentov Andrei , Hakavuori Eero
Published: January 2022

We study the sub-Riemannian structure determined by a left-invariant distribution of rank 2 on a step 3 Carnot group of dimension 5. We prove the conjectured cut times of Yu. Sachkov for the sub-Riemannian Cartan problem. Along the proof, we obtain a comparison with the known cut times in the sub-Riemannian Engel group, and a sufficient (generic) condition for the uniqueness of the length minimizer between two points. Hence we reduce the optimal synthesis to solving a certain system of equations in elliptic functions.
Effects of zinc doping on structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of SnO2 thin films
Authors: Guermat Noubeil , Darenfad Warda , Mirouh Kamel , Bouarissa Nadir , Kalfallah Mehdi , Herbadji Abderrahmane
Published: January 2022

The aim of the present study was to deposited and characterized Zn-doped SnO2 thin films for different weight concentrations (wt.%) 0, 3, 5 and 7% produced by spray pyrolysis. The characterization by XRD showed that the layers are polycrystalline in nature, with tetragonal structure of rutile type due to the presence of intense peak of orientation (110) located around the angle 26° for all the films produced. The variations in FWHM and the crystallite size were very well correlated. The SEM micrograph shows a relatively dense and smooth surface exhibited by the 3 wt.% doped film. This result can be explained by considering the following reasons: the substitution of the Sn+4 cations for the Zn+2 cations facilitate, the crystallite size increase and the decrease in defects. The contact angles measured using water droplets were less than 90° for all the films produced, which proves the hydrophilic characteristic of the films, meanwhile the film doped with 3 wt.% Zn had a high contact angle (88.09°). This result suggests that a doping concentration equal to 3 wt.% Zn can be considered as a critical concentration in changing the surface morphology of the Zn-doped SnO2 films produced. The analysis by UV-visible spectrophotometer showed a transmittance varying between 76 to 87% depending on the doping. The 3 wt.% Zn-doped SnO2 film was found to have high transmittance (87%) and better optical property with minimum resistivity (ρ = 0.044 Ω cm) among the deposited films. This work demonstrated that the 3 wt.% Zn-doped SnO2 film improves the physical properties of the SnO2 film, allowing it to be integrated into the optoelectronic device.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Coronary Calcium Scoring in Stable Chest Pain Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Koopman Moniek Y. , Willemsen Robert T.A. , van der Harst Pim , van Bruggen Rykel , Gratama Jan Willem C. , Braam Richard , van Ooijen Peter M.A. , Doggen Carine J.M. , Dinant Geert-Jan , Kietselaer Bas , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn
Published: January 2022

Background Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scanning allows for reliable coronary calcium score (CCS) calculation at a low radiation dose and has been well established as marker to assess the future risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) events in asymptomatic individuals. However, the diagnostic and prognostic value in symptomatic patients remains a matter of debate. This narrative review focuses on the available evidence for CCS in patients with stable chest pain complaints.

Method PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for literature using search terms related to three overarching categories: CT, symptomatic chest pain patients, and coronary calcium. The search resulted in 42 articles fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria: 27 articles (n = 38 137 patients) focused on diagnostic value and 23 articles (n = 44 683 patients) on prognostic value of CCS. Of these, 10 articles (n = 21 208 patients) focused on both the diagnostic and prognostic value of CCS.

Results Between 22 and 10 037 patients were included in the studies on the diagnostic and prognostic value of CCS, including 43 % and 51 % patients with CCS 0. The most evidence is available for patients with a low and intermediate pre-test probability (PTP) of CAD. Overall, the prevalence of obstructive CAD (OCAD, defined as a luminal stenosis of ≥ 50 % in any of the coronary arteries) as determined with CT coronary angiography in CCS 0 patients, was 4.4 % (n = 703/16 074) with a range of 0–26 % in individual studies. The event rate for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) ranged from 0 % to 2.1 % during a follow-up of 1.6 to 6.8 years, resulting in a high negative predictive value for MACE between 98 % and 100 % in CCS 0 patients. At increasing CCS, the OCAD probability and MACE risk increased. OCAD was present in 58.3 % (n = 617/1058) of CCS > 400 patients with percentages ranging from 20 % to 94 % and MACE occurred in 16.7 % (n = 175/1048) of these patients with percentages ranging from 6.9 % to 50 %.

Conclusion Accumulating evidence shows that OCAD is unlikely and the MACE risk is very low in symptomatic patients with CCS 0, especially in those with low and intermediate PTPs. This suggests a role of CCS as a gatekeeper for additional diagnostic testing. Increasing CCS is related to an increasing probability of OCAD and risk of cardiac events. Additional research is needed to assess the value of CCS in women and patient management in a primary healthcare setting.

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Citation Format
Wirkfaktoren von Behandlung und Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit in
Psychiatrie und Neurologie
Authors: Falkai Peter
Published: January 2022

Liebe Kolleginnen, liebe Kollegen

vor dem Hintergrund, dass die Behandlungsprävalenz psychisch und neurologisch
erkrankter Personen in Deutschland seit vielen Jahren stetig anwächst, ist
es sehr wichtig, dass die Entwicklung der verschiedensten Bereiche ebenfalls stetig
durch wissenschaftliche Forschung überprüft und geleitet wird. Die
Artikel in dieser Ausgabe adressieren zum einen die wissenschaftliche Situation
hinsichtlich belegter Wirkfaktoren in der Behandlung und zum anderen Faktoren,
welche die Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit dieser vorhersagen.
Nichtinvasive Hirnstimulationsverfahren in der
Psychiatrie
Authors: Schwippel Tobias , Plewnia Christian
Published: January 2022

In der Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen bietet die Gruppe der nichtinvasiven
Hirnstimulationsverfahren einen auf neurophysiologischen Erkenntnissen
basierenden und integrativen Ansatz. Einige der Stimulationsverfahren sind
für spezifische psychiatrische Indikationen bereits wissenschaftlich
sehr gut untersucht und haben sich weltweit in der Therapie etabliert. So hat
die transkranielle Magnetstimulation (TMS) zur Behandlung der
therapierefraktären Depression in den USA bereits seit 2008 eine
Zulassung der Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In Europa und speziell in
Deutschland wird TMS jedoch selbst im universitären Rahmen nicht
flächendeckend angeboten. Der nachfolgende Artikel beschreibt die zur
Verfügung stehenden Technologien und deren biologische Wirkmechanismen,
skizziert die klinische Indikationsstellung und Anwendung der TMS und fasst die
klinische Evidenz zusammen. Er orientiert sich an den kürzlich
veröffentlichen Leitlinien zur therapeutischen Nutzung nichtinvasiver
Hirnstimulation 1
2
3.
Einstellungen von Medizinstudierenden gegenüber alkoholbezogenen Störungen: Abhängig von der angestrebten medizinischen Fachrichtung?
Authors: Schmidt Hannah , Koschinowski Julie , Bischof Gallus , Schomerus Georg , Borgwardt Stefan , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen
Published: January 2022

Ziel war die Erfassung subjektiver Einstellungen von Medizinstudierenden gegenüber alkoholbezogenen Störungen (AS) im direkten Vergleich mit anderen psychischen und somatischen Erkrankungen. Die mithilfe eines Onlinefragebogens befragten Studierenden (n = 1875) bewerteten AS gegenüber anderen Erkrankungen als weniger schwerwiegend (p < 0,001), wünschten sich mehr soziale Distanz zu Betroffenen (p < 0,001), machten sie stärker für die Erkrankung verantwortlich (p < 0,001) und wählten AS am häufigsten als Erkrankung mit Einsparpotenzial in der Versorgung. Auch angehende Psychiater wiesen selektiv bei AS, nicht aber bei psychischen Störungen per se einen starken Wunsch nach sozialer Distanz und eine erhöhte Bereitschaft zur strukturellen Diskriminierung auf. Dies könnte sich im späteren Berufsleben ungünstig auf die Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung auswirken, sodass eine vertiefte Auseinandersetzung mit subjektiven Einstellungen bereits im Studium von hoher Relevanz erscheint.
Neuropsychiatric Drugs Against COVID-19: What is the Clinical
Evidence?
Authors: Mueller Juliane K. , Riederer Peter , Müller Walter E.
Published: January 2022

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic, the need for
effective treatments for COVID-19 led to the idea of
“repurposing” drugs for antiviral treatment. Several
antipsychotics and antidepressants have been tested for in vitro activity
against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Chlorpromazine,
other phenothiazine antipsychotics, and the antidepressant fluoxetine were found
to be rather potent in these studies. However, whether effective plasma
concentrations can be obtained with clinically accepted doses of these drugs is
not clear. Data of COVID-19 patients are not yet available but several clinical
studies are currently underway.

The specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine is a potent Sigma-1
receptor agonist and reduces inflammation in animal models of cytokine-stress.
Accordingly, fluvoxamine treatment was superior to placebo in reducing impaired
respiratory function and other symptoms of inflammation in COVID-19 patients in
a placebo-controlled clinical study and another open clinical trial. The
beneficial effects of fluvoxamine on the course of COVID-19 were recently
confirmed in a large placebo-controlled double-blind trial with several hundred
patients.

Inflammation represents a major risk factor for many psychiatric disorders which
explains the high susceptibilitiy of COVID-19 patients for psychiatric diseases.
Many antidepressants and antipsychotics possess anti-inflammatory properties
independent of sigma-1 activity which might be important to reduce psychiatric
symptoms of COVID-19 patients and to improve respiratory dysfunction and other
consequences of inflammation. This might explain the rather unspecific benefit
which has been reported for several cohorts of COVID-19 patients treated with
different psychotropic drugs.
Auditory Mirror Therapy for Tinnitus: A Pilot Study
Authors: Linnman Clas
Published: January 2022

Abstract Background Tinnitus, the phantom perception of sound, shares many properties with phantom limb pain, in that both may arise as a consequence of sensory deprivation. Prediction errors in multisensory integration, such as induced with mirror box therapy
in phantom pain, can reduce phantom percepts. Purpose We evaluated if a device that swaps sound from the right pinna to the left ear canal, and from the left pinna to the right ear canal, can reduce tinnitus. We call this auditory mirror therapy (AMT). Research Design Uncontrolled
trial. Study Sample Twenty subjects with chronic tinnitus. Intervention An AMT device consisting of a modified ear defender device with microphones that swaps sounds from left pinna to the right ear canal and from the right pinna to the left ear canal. Participants
used the device at home for 2 weeks. Data Collection and Analysis Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire, and visual analog scale ratings of symptoms were collected at baseline and posttreatment. Repeated measures t-test were performed, Bonferroni
corrected for multiple comparisons. Results There was a significant reduction in THI and in awareness of tinnitus after the AMT intervention. Conclusion Exposing the audiovisual integration system to prediction errors can help retrain phantom percepts and reduce
tinnitus handicap. Further studies on this concept are warranted.
Development of Heterocyclic Multicomponent Reactions through Guided Exploration: Direct, Reasonable and Unpredictable Processes
Authors: Lavilla Rodolfo , Ghashghaei Ouldouz , Rodríguez Pau Nadal
Published: January 2022

This Account summarizes the research of the group on the multicomponent reactions arena with fundamental heterocycles as substrates, using mechanistic considerations to hypothesize new processes and to rationalize results. Biomedical applications of the ensuing adducts were also envisaged, which brought about interesting discoveries.

1 Introduction and Context

2 The Beginnings: Unexplored Heterocyclic Substrates

3 Interrupted Processes

4 Multiple Multicomponent Reactions: Problem of Selectivity

5 Extended Multicomponent Reactions

6 Conclusions and Wishes
Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Tyloindane and Its Diastereoisomer
Authors: Wang Qingmin , Su Bo , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2022

It is intriguing that tyloindane, which was isolated together with phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, contains no nitrogen atom. Attracted by its unique structure and uncovered biological activity, we synthesized the proposed structure of tyloindane and its diastereoisomer. To achieve this goal, several strategies that include an aryl/alkene oxidative coupling, radical cyclization, and intramolecular Parham alkylation, were explored. The 1H NMR data of the synthesized compounds do not match those of the isolated sample (tyloindane), indicating that the structure of tyloindane should be reassigned.
A General Way to Spiro-Annulated 2-Benzoxepines via Rh2(esp)2-Catalyzed [5+2] Cycloaddition of Diazo Arylidene Succinimides to Ketones
Authors: Krasavin Mikhail , Dar’in Dmitry , Vepreva Anastasia , Kantin Grigory
Published: January 2022

The formation of spirocyclic 2-benzoxepines by Rh2(esp)2-catalyzed decomposition of diazo arylidene succinimides in the presence of ketones was investigated. This transformation, which is a formal [5+2] cycloaddition of styryl rhodium carbenes to the carbonyl group, occurs in high yields under mild conditions, with high carbonyl substrate tolerance and diastereoselectivity. The developed general method opens access to rare spiro (hetero)cyclic scaffolds with great potential in drug discovery.
Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization Initiator Design for the Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers
Authors: Golder Matthew R. , Morrison Christine M.
Published: January 2022

Cyclic polymers are of increasing interest to the synthetic and physical polymer communities due to their unique structures that lack chain ends. This topological distinction results in decreased chain entanglement, lower intrinsic viscosity, and smaller hydrodynamic radii. Many methods for the production of cyclic polymers exist, however, large-scale production of architecturally pure cyclic polymers is challenging. Ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) is an increasingly promising method to produce cyclic polymers because of the mild and scalable reaction conditions. Herein, a brief history of REMP for the synthesis of cyclic polymers with both ruthenium and non-ruthenium initiators is discussed. Even though REMP is a promising method for synthesizing cyclic polymers, state-of-the-art methods still struggle with poor molar mass control, slow polymerization rates, low conversion, and poor initiator stability. To combat these challenges, our group has developed a tethered ruthenium-benzylidene initiator, CB6, which utilizes design features from ubiquitous Grubbs-type initiators used in linear polymerizations. These structural modifications are shown to improve initiator kinetics, enhance initiator stability, and increase control over the molar mass of the resulting cyclic polymers.

1 Introduction

2 Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization (REMP) with Ruthenium Initiators

3 New Developments in Ruthenium Ring-Expansion Metathesis (REMP) Initiator Design

4 Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization (REMP) with Non-Ruthenium Initiators

5 Conclusions