bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulated impacts of irrigation on evapotranspiration in a strongly exploited region: a case study of the Haihe River basin, China
Authors: Lei Huimin , Yang Dawen , Yang Hanbo , Yuan Zaijian , Lv Huafang
Published: November 2014

Irrigation is the major water supply for crop production in water‐limited regions. However, this important water component is usually neglected or simplified in hydrological modelling primarily because information concerning irrigation is notably difficult to collect. To assess real effects of irrigation on the simulation of evapotranspiration (ET) in water‐limited region, the Community Land Model version 4 was established over a typical semi‐humid agricultural basin in the northern China – the Haihe River basin. In the irrigated cropland, incorporating an irrigation scheme can enhance the simulated ET and improve the simulation of spatial variability of soil moisture content. We found that different configurations in the irrigation scheme do not cause significant differences in the simulated annual ET. However, simulated ET with simulated irrigation differs clearly from that with observed irrigation in mean annual magnitude, long‐term trend and spatial distribution. Once the irrigation scheme is well‐calibrated against observations, it reasonably reproduces the interannual variability of annual irrigation, when irrigation water management is relatively stable. More importantly, parameter calibration should be consistent with the configuration of the source of irrigation water. However, an irrigation scheme with a constant parameter value cannot capture the trend in the annual irrigation amount caused by abrupt changes in agricultural water management. Compared with different remotely sensed ET products, the enhancement in the simulated ET by irrigation is smaller than the differences among these products, and the trend in simulated ET with the observed irrigation cannot be captured correctly by the remotely sensed ET. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review
Authors: Madden Aedeen
Published: November 2014

Surveying for Archaeologists and other Fieldworkers. By A. H. A. Hogg. Croom Helm Ltd., London, 1979. Pp. 315, 77 figures. £stg10.95
Review
Authors: Reynolds Barrie
Published: November 2014

Handbook of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Material Culture
A 38,000‐year‐old archaeological site at Upper Swan, Western Australia
Authors: Pearce R. H. , Barbetti Mike
Published: November 2014

An extensive open‐air site, on an ancient floodplain bordering the Swan River, has been partially uncovered by a clay pit operation. Preliminary excavations of small areas have yielded stone artefacts intimately associated with charcoal and carbonized material, possibly resin. A series of radiocarbon measurements place the site among the earliest yet known from Australia, and indicate that the southwestern corner of the continent was populated by about 40,000 years ago.
Review
Authors: Losche Diane
Published: November 2014

Hawaii: The Royal Isles. By Roger G. Rose. B.P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 67. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, 1980. Pp. xii + 223. Price: $US18.00.
Review
Authors: Kennedy Jean
Published: November 2014

Archaeological Investigations at Nan Madol: Islet Maps and Surface Artifacts. By J. Stephen Athens. Pacific Studies Institute, Agana, Guam. 1980. Pp. xi + 194.

The Discovery and Archaeolological Investigation of Nan Madol, Ponape, Eastern Caroline Islands: An Annotated Bibliography. By J. Stephen Athens. Micronesian Archaeological Survey Reports, No. 3. Historic Preservation Office, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Saipan, 1981. Pp. 20.
Review
Authors: Pretty Graeme
Published: November 2014

Archaeology on Kapingamarangi Atoll: A Polynesian Outlier in the Eastern Caroline Islands. By Foss Leach and Graeme Ward. Otago, privately published by B. F. Leach, 1981. Pp. x + 150. Price $NZ7.50.
Review
Authors: Green R. C.
Published: November 2014

Papua New Guinea's Prehistory: An Introduction. By Pamela Swadling. National Museum and Art Gallery, Boroko, 1981. Pp. 69. Price K2.50.
Review
Authors: Morren George E. B.
Published: November 2014

Traditional Conservation in Papua New Guinea: Implications For Today. Edited by Louise Morauta, John Pernetta, and William Heaney. Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research, Boroko, Monograph 16, 1982. ISBN 0 7247 02644 (paper) Pp. xii + 392. Kina 4.50.
Review
Authors: Morwood M. J.
Published: November 2014

New approaches to Southern African rock art. Edited by J. D. Lewis‐Williams. South African Archaeological Society, Goodwin Series Vol. 4, 1983. ISBN 0 620 05489 1 Price: R8.50 (R6.50 in South Africa.)
Review
Authors: Bolton Lissant
Published: November 2014

Catalogue of Maori Artefacts in the Museums of Canada and the United States. By D. D. Simmons. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Muesum No. 12. 1982. ISSN 0067–0456. Pp. ii + 421. $NZ50.00.

Fijian Artefacts. Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Collection. By Rod Ewins. Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart, 1982. ISBN 0 7246 1099 5. Pp. vi + 115. $A14.90.
Review
Authors: Lampert R.J.
Published: November 2014

Who owns the past? Edited by Isabel McBryde, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1985. ISBN 0 19 554565 6. Pp. viii + 198. Price: $A29.50.
Review
Authors: Sutton Doug
Published: November 2014

Quaternary Extinctions: a prehistoric revolution Edited by P.S Martin and R.G. Klein. University of Arizona Press, Tuscon, 1984. ISBN 0 8165 0812 7. Pp. x +892. Price: $US65.
Review
Authors: Davidson Janet
Published: November 2014

Archaeology in The Tonaachaw Historic District Moen Island. By Thomas King and Patricia L. Parker. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Centre for Archaeological Investigations, Occasional Paper No. 3, 1984. ISBN 0 88104 018 5. Pp. xxxii + 541. Price: $US20, plus postage.
Review
Authors: O'connell J.F.
Published: November 2014

Australian Territorial Organization. By Nicolas Peterson in collaboration with Jeremy Long. Oceania Monograph 30. University of Sydney, 1986. ISBN 0 86758 194 8. Pp. vi + 171. $19.00
Review
Authors: Stern Nicola
Published: November 2014

Archaeology with Ethnography: an Australian Perspective. Edited by Betty Meehan and Rhys Jones. Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, 1988. Pp ix + 285. ISBN 0‐7315‐0283‐3. Price $A21, plus postage.
Origins and environmental significance of shell and earth mounds in Northern Australia
Authors: Stone Tim
Published: November 2014

Examination of northern Australian shell and earth mound data suggests that mounds previously attributed to human agencies should be more properly attributed to generations of nesting scrub‐fowl. A connection between Aboriginal discard behaviour and scrub‐fowl nesting processes is also proposed. Mounds containing artefactual material may represent middens or campsites reworked by scrub‐fowl. Environmental, stratigraphic and ethnographic data tend to support this. Mound distribution may be used to assess local vegetation changes, and this explains the apparent geographic discontinuities of mounds in some areas. Trends in the basal dating of mound sites support Lees and Clements (1987) proposal that regional rainfall increased around 1600 BP. A reassessment of the archaeological significance of northern Australian mound sites is warranted.
Review
Authors: Shawcross Wilfred
Published: November 2014

From the Beginning. The Archaeology of the Maori. Edited by John Wilson. Penguin Books in association with the New Zealand Historical Places Trust, Auckland, 1987. ISBN 0‐14‐010233‐7. Pp. 175. $ 24.95.
Review
Authors: Best Simon
Published: November 2014

Archaeology of the Lapita Cultural Complex: a critical review. Edited by P.V. Kirch and T.L. Hunt. Thomas Burke Memorial Washington State Museum Research Report No.5, 1988. ISBN 0‐929598‐00‐8. Pp. 181. Price USD 17.00
Review
Authors: Head Lesley
Published: November 2014

Complex hunter‐gatherers. A late Holocene example from temperate Australia. By Elizabeth Williams. BAR International Series 423. ISBN 0 86054 545 8. Pp. viii + 319. UK Pounds 20.
Review
Authors: Bowdler Sandra
Published: November 2014

Prodigious Birds: moas and moa‐hunting in prehistoric New Zealand. By Atholl Anderson. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989. ISBN 0‐521‐35209‐6. Pp. xviii + 238. $A85.00.
Review
Authors: Murray Tim
Published: November 2014

Australians to 1788. Edited by D.J. Mulvaney and J.P. White. Fairfax, Syme and Weldon, Ultimo, NSW, 1987. Pp. xvi + 476. ISBN 0‐949288‐09‐8 (set). $A720 (11 volumes).
Review
Authors: Sharp Nancy D.
Published: November 2014

Lapita design, form and composition. Proceedings of the Lapita Design Workshop, Canberra, Australia – December 1988. Edited by Matthew Spriggs. Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 1990. ISBN 0 7315 1150 6. Pp. 142. $18.00
Archaeology and geomorphology of the Vanimo Coast, Papua New Guinea: preliminary results
Authors: Gorecki Paul , Mabin Mark , Campbell John
Published: November 2014

We report here excavations at two near‐coastal rockshelters near Vanimo, West Sepik Province. Preliminary results include late Pleistocene occupation and mid‐Holocene ceramics and pigs, along with a continuing, wide‐ranging but marine‐oriented economy. The archaeological sites are integrated into a tectonic uplift history for the region in which a number of coral terraces have been identified.
Review
Authors: Gosden Chris
Published: November 2014

Pacific production systems: approaches to economic prehistory.; Edited by D.E. Yen and J.M.J. Mummery. 1990. Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, Occasional Papers in Prehistory, 18. ISBN 07315 10097. Pp. 277. $24.50.
The origin of hominid bipedalism re‐examined
Authors: Jablonski Nina G. , Chaplin George
Published: November 2014

The evolution of habitual terrestrial bipedalism in the ancestor of the Hominidae can be reconstructed through an examination of historical transformations of shared‐derived morphological‐behavioural complexes related to bipedalism in catarrhines. This reconstruction indicates that terrestrial bipedal displays may be of particular importance in understanding the development of habitual terrestrial bipedalism because they are the most recently acquired morphological‐behavioural characteristic shared by the African great apes and humans. We suggest that in the late Middle and Late Miocene of East Africa, as habitats were becoming more open and desiccated and resources more widely separately, increased competition for resources ensued. We propose that the adoption of bipedal displays were the behaviours essential to the success of pre‐hominids in this environment in that they allowed for the relatively peaceful resolution of, firstly, intragroup and, eventually, intergroup conflicts. It is hypothesized that the widespread use of bipedal displays for social control in pre‐hominids reduced a major source of morbidity and mortality. Bipedal postures, once adopted for social control, probably became common elements of the pre‐hominid postural repertoire. With time, this new pre‐adaptation to upright standing would have facilitated a multifactorial development of fully habitual terrestrial bipedal locomotion.
Review
Authors: Graves Michael W.
Published: November 2014

Report of the Lapita Homeland Project. Edited by Jim Allen and Chris Gosden. Occasional Papers in Prehistory, No. 20, Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, 1991. ISBN 0 7315 1299 5. Pp. viii + 268. $A29.50
Review
Authors: Gamble Clive
Published: November 2014

The Naive Lands. Prehistory and environmental change in Australia and the southwest Pacific; Edited by John Dodson. Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1992. ISBN 0 582 86831 9. pp. 258 $A31.99.
Bondaian Technology in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales
Authors: Hiscock Peter
Published: November 2014

Manufacture of bondi points in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, took place in a standardized way, within a production‐line structure. Each stage of the manufacturing activities was undertaken at a different locality, but within any single stage the activities were carried out in a uniform manner. One consequence of this complex system of procurement and reduction is that specific forms of stone artefact are found repeatedly, and have previously been identified as implement types. From a technological perspective these forms (ridge‐straightening flakes, scrapers, and burinates) are not end products, but by‐products from the manufacture of bondi points. This conclusion has implications for evaluations of the nature and diversity of activities represented by archaeological assemblages. An understanding of the complexity of artefact manufacture also highlights inadequacies with previous inferences about technological efficiency and artefact function in prehistoric Australia. Flake elongation is demonstrated to be a poor reflection of technological practices, and regional variation in flake elongation is far more dramatic than chronological variation. Consequently, the Pre‐Bondaian/Bondaian transition cannot be described in terms of the appearance of a blade technology; instead it represents an increase in the regularity and precision of knapping related to raw material conservation.
Prehistory and human ecology in Eastern Polynesia: Excavations at Tangatatau Rockshelter, Mangaia, Cook Islands
Authors: Kirch Patrick V. , Steadman David W. , Butler Virginia L. , Hather Jon , Weisler Marshall I.
Published: November 2014

The Tangatatau Rockshelter (site MAN‐44, Mangaia, Cook Islands) has produced one of Eastern Polynesia's most comprehensive chrono‐stratigraphic sequences of artifacts, vertebrate and invertebrate fauna, and botanical materials. Two seasons of excavation exposed 29 m2out of an estimated total floor area of 225 m2. A suite of 30 radiocarbon age determinations indicates that human use of the shelter spanned the period from ca. 1000 to 1700 cal AD. This paper outlines the major temporal trends in the artifact, faunal, and paleoethnobotanical assemblages recovered from the site, and discusses these in terms of the development of classic Mangaian society, an exemplar of Polynesian ‘Open’ chiefdoms.
Decomposition of human bodies and the interpretation of burials in the tropical Pacific
Authors: Spennemann Dirk H.R. , Franke Bernd
Published: November 2014

Burial space on many Pacific Islands is limited, and the same burial location is used over and over again. Many interments intercut each other with the more recent burial disturbing the previous one. In order to provide some time line data on the sequence and relationship of the interments beyond simple relative archaeological chronology, it is necessary to understand the rate of decomposition of buried human bodies on small tropical islands.

Exhumations on Mejatto Islands, Kwajalein Atoll, provide some insight into the matter. The decay of materials was documented for an interment period between 40 and 80 months. The assessment shows that body tissue in a state of caseic fermentation can survive up to 70 months, especially where it is contained in semi‐closed spaces, such as trouser legs. Ligaments were found to survive well and retain adhesion to the bone up to 60 months in open conditions, and up to 80 months in closed, water‐impermeable caskets. Hair matter was seen to be well preserved up to 80 months, while skin had already decomposed at 40 months.

These data are applied to a Tongan case study.
Rethinking Tongan Lapita chronology in Ha'apai
Authors: Burley David V. , Nelson Erle , Shutler Richard
Published: November 2014

We report two recently received AMS radiocarbon dates from the Polynesian plainware site of Holopeka on Lifuka Island, northern Ha'apai, Tonga. The dates (2800 ± 90 and 2590 ± 60 BP) fall within the long accepted temporal interval for the early eastern Lapita period in Tonga. Possible explanations for these dates are provided with the preferred alternative being the disappearance of decorated ceramics as early as two centuries after first colonization. These dates are commensurate with plainware chronologies elsewhere in western Polynesia.
The Creation of Time
Authors: Hiscock Peter
Published: November 2014

And I have observed by the continued succession of these years, as they are delivered in holy writ, that the end of the great Nebuchadnezars and the beginning of Evil Merodachs (his sons) reign, fell out in the 3442 year of the world, but by collation of Chaldean history and the astronomical cannon, it fell out in the 186 year of Nabonsar, and, as by certain connexion, it must follow in the 562 year before the Christian account, and of the Julian Period, the 4152, and from thence I gathered the creation of the world did fall out upon the 710 year of the Julian Period, by placing its beginning in autumn; but for as much as the first day of the world began with the evening of the first day of the week, I have observed that the Sunday, which in the year 710 aforesaid came nearest the Autumnal equinox, by astronomical tables (notwithstanding the stay of the sun in the days of Joshua, and the going back of it in the days of Ezekiah) happened upon the 23 day of the Julian October; from thence concluded that from the evening preceding that first day of the Julian year, both the first day of the creation and the first motion of time are to be deduced. (J. Ussher, the annals of the World, 1658)
From Ussher to Slusher, from Archbish to Gish: or, not in a million years…
Authors: Groves Colin
Published: November 2014

Attempts to construct Biblical‐based chronologies of the earth, life and humanity are reviewed. There are both pre‐evolutionary attempts, such as that by Archbishop Ussher, and modern ones, by the ‘creation science’ movement, led by Dr Gish. The models constructed by the Archbishop and his contemporaries were excusable; the present‐day ones are constructed not in ignorance of modern advances in geology, palaeontology and archaeology but despite them, and involve contrived arguments intended to refute them. Resulting world‐views can be richly comic, but their purpose in overturning accepted ways of gaining knowledge is to control science, the arts and humanities, and so to exert control over politics and human minds. As such they should be taken seriously and strenuously combated by the archaeological profession, rather than ignored as is the usual practice.
Was Rattus exulans in New Zealand 2000 years ago? AMS Radiocarbon ages from Shag River Mouth
Authors: Anderson Atholl
Published: November 2014

AMS radiocarbon determinations on the collagen of Rattus exulans bones from natural sites have been interpreted as evidence of human contact with New Zealand more than 2000 years ago. Some AMS determinations on Rattus exulans collagen products in archaeological samples from Shag River Mouth have yielded similar results, but these are very different from the radiocarbon chronology of the site established previously on multiple samples of different materials. Introduction of subfossil bone to the archaeological stratigraphy can be ruled out. This leaves questions about reservoir effects, and the ability of different pretreatment processes to remove sample contaminants of various kinds. The results do not support the argument that Rattus exulans reached New Zealand prior to the known existence of people by about AD 1100.
Intensified chemotherapy without SCT in infant ALL: Results from COG P9407 (Cohort 3)
Authors: Dreyer ZoAnn E. , Hilden Joanne M. , Jones Tamekia L. , Devidas Meenakshi , Winick Naomi J. , Willman Cheryl L. , Harvey Richard C. , Chen I‐Ming , Behm Fred G. , Pullen Jeanette , Wood Brent L. , Carroll Andrew J. , Heerema Nyla A. , Felix Carolyn A. , Robinson Blaine , Reaman Gregory H. , Salzer Wanda L. , Hunger Stephen P. , Carroll William L. , Camitta Bruce M.
Published: November 2014

Background

Infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) present with aggressive disease and a poor prognosis. Early relapse within 6–9 months of diagnosis is common. Approximately 75% of infants have MLL‐rearranged (MLL‐R) ALL with event free survival (EFS) ranging from 20% to 30%. Children's Oncology Group (COG) P9407 used shortened (46 weeks), intensified therapy to address early relapse and poor EFS.

Procedure

P9407 therapy was modified three times for induction toxicity resulting in three cohorts of therapy. One hundred forty‐seven infants were enrolled in the third cohort.

Results

We report an overall 5‐year EFS and OS of 42.3 ± 6% and 52.9 ± 6.5% respectively. Poor prognostic factors included age ≤90 days at diagnosis, MLL‐R ALL and white cell count ≥50,000/μl. For infants ≤90 days of age, the 5‐year EFS was 15.5 ± 10.1% and 48.5 ± 6.7% for those >90 days (P < 0.0001). Among infants >90 days of age, 5‐year EFS rates were 43.8 ± 8% for MLL‐R versus 69.1 ± 13.6% for MLL‐germline ALL (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Age ≤90 days at diagnosis was the most important prognostic factor. Despite shortened therapy with early intensification, EFS remained less than 50% overall in MLL‐R ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:419–426. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TKI dasatinib monotherapy for a patient with Ph‐like ALL bearing ATF7IP/PDGFRB translocation
Authors: Kobayashi Kenichiro , Miyagawa Naoyuki , Mitsui Kazumasa , Matsuoka Masaki , Kojima Yasuko , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Ootsubo Kaori , Nagai Junichi , Ueno Hitomi , Ishibashi Takeshi , Sultana Sara , Okada Yoko , Akimoto Shingo , Okita Hajime , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Goto Hiroaki , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Ohara Akira
Published: November 2014

We report a 10‐year‐old male with relapsing Ph‐like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) bearing ATF7IP/PDGFRB translocation. He was refractory to conventional therapy, and was finally treated with single‐agent second‐generation TKI dasatinib. The therapeutic response was prompt, with the disappearance of minimum residual disease (MRD) based on genomic PCR analysis within 3 months, and he has maintained complete molecular remission for 12 months. This case report describes an early‐phase response to TKI monotherapy on Ph‐like ALL, and technical tips for MRD monitoring on long‐term follow‐up. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1058–1060. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Novel Dinuclear Cisplatinum(II) Complexes on the Electrical Properties of Human Molt-4 Leukemia Cells
Authors: Dobrzyńska Izabela , Skrzydlewska Elżbieta , Figaszewski Zbigniew A.
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of cisplatin and novel dinuclear platinum(II) complexes on the membrane electrical properties and lipid peroxidation levels of the Molt-4 human leukemia cell line. Changes in cell function may affect the basal electrical surface properties of cell membranes. These changes can be detected using electrokinetic measurements. Surface charge densities of Molt-4 cells were measured as a function of pH. A four-component equilibrium model was used to describe the interaction between the ions in solution and on cell membrane surfaces. Agreement was found between the experimental and theoretical charge variation curves of the leukemia cells at pH 2.5–9. Lipid peroxidation was estimated by measuring levels of 8-iso-prostaglandine F2α [isoprostanes]. Acid and base functional group concentrations and average association constants with hydroxyl ions were smaller in cisplatin- or dinuclear platinum(II) complex-treated leukemia cell membranes compared to those in untreated cancer cells, and the average association constants with hydrogen ions were higher. Levels of lipid peroxidation products in cisplatin- or dinuclear platinum(II) complex-treated leukemia cell were higher than those found in untreated cancer cells.
The role of feared possible selves in the relationship between peer influence and delinquency
Authors: Pierce Jennifer , Schmidt Carissa , Stoddard Sarah A.
Published: November 2014

This study explores the impact of a feared delinquent possible self on the relationship between exposure to negative peer behaviors and violent and non‐violent self‐reported delinquency. Previous research strongly supports that deviant peers influence adolescents' delinquent behavior. Yet, few studies have explored intrapersonal factors that may moderate this influence. Possible selves include what one hopes, expects and fears becoming and are believed to motivate behavior. Thus, it was hypothesized that adolescents who were exposed to deviant peers and also feared engaging in delinquency would be more likely to self‐report delinquency. Seventh grade students (n = 176) identified feared possible selves in the future, their exposure to negative peer behavior and self‐reported violent and non‐violent delinquent behavior. Findings suggest that exposure to negative peer behavior is associated with self‐reported delinquent behavior. For violent behavior, possessing a feared delinquent possible self moderates this relationship. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Assessing cognition and function in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials: Do we have the right tools?
Authors: Snyder Peter J. , Kahle‐Wrobleski Kristin , Brannan Stephen , Miller David S. , Schindler Rachel J. , DeSanti Susan , Ryan J. Michael , Morrison Glenn , Grundman Michael , Chandler Julie , Caselli Richard J. , Isaac Maria , Bain Lisa , Carrillo Maria C.
Published: November 2014

Several lines of evidence from Alzheimer's disease (AD) research continue to support the notion that the biological changes associated with AD are occurring possibly several decades before an individual will experience the cognitive and functional changes associated with the disease. The National Institute on Aging—Alzheimer's Association revised criteria for AD provided a framework for this new thinking. As a result of this growing understanding, several research efforts have launched or will be launching large secondary prevention trials in AD. These and other efforts have clearly demonstrated a need for better measures of cognitive and functional change in people with the earliest changes associated with AD. Recent draft guidance from the US Food and Drug Administration further elevated the importance of cognitive and functional assessments in early stage clinical trials by proposing that even in the pre‐symptomatic stages of the disease, approval will be contingent on demonstrating clinical meaningfulness. The Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable addressed these issues at its fall meeting October 28–29, 2013, in Washington, D.C. The focus of the discussion included the need for improved cognitive and functional outcome measures for clinical of participants with preclinical AD and those diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment due to AD.
Independent comparison of CogState computerized testing and a standard cognitive battery with neuroimaging
Authors: Mielke Michelle M. , Weigand Stephen D. , Wiste Heather J. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Machulda Mary M. , Knopman Davis S. , Lowe Val , Roberts Rosebud O. , Kantarci Kejal , Rocca Walter A. , Jack Clifford R. , Petersen Ronald C.
Published: November 2014

Background

Inexpensive, non‐invasive tools for assessing Alzheimer‐type pathophysiologies are needed. Computerized cognitive assessments are prime candidates.

Methods

Cognitively normal participants, aged 51–71, with magnetic resonance imaging, fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), amyloid PET, CogState computerized cognitive assessment, and standard neuropsychological tests were included. We first examined the association between the CogState battery and neuroimaging measures. We then compared that association to the one between standard neuropsychological z‐scores and neuroimaging.

Results

Slower reaction times for CogState Identification and One Back, and lower memory and attention z‐scores, were associated (P < .05) with FDG‐PET hypometabolism. Slower time on the Groton Maze Learning Task and worse One Card Learning accuracy were associated (P < .05) with smaller hippocampal volumes. There were no associations with amyloid PET. Associations of CogState and neuropsychological Z‐scores with neuroimaging were small and of a similar magnitude.

Conclusions

CogState subtests were cross‐sectionally comparable to standard neuropsychological tests in their relatively weak associations with neurodegeneration imaging markers.
Compact parylene‐c‐coated flexible antenna for WLAN and upper‐band UWB applications
Authors: Qiu Yijie , Jung Yei Hwan , Lee Subin , Shih Ting‐Yen , Lee Juhwan , Xu Yue Hang , Xu Ruimin , Lin Weigan , Behdad Nader , Ma Zhenqiang
Published: November 2014

A compact broadband flexible antenna is proposed for applications in wireless local area network (WLAN) and upper ultra‐wideband (UWB) systems, which can operate in the bandwidths of 2.4–2.484 GHz and 3.5–10.6 GHz with a reflection coefficient of <−10 dB. The presented antenna coated with bio‐compatible ultra‐thin parylene‐c is fabricated on a thin polyimide substrate with a thickness of 127 μm. The characteristics of the proposed antenna are measured under bending and flat conditions. The measured results showed that the antenna is suitable for integration with flexible electronic devices.
Traceable clonal culture and chemodrug assay of heterogeneous prostate carcinoma PC3 cells in microfluidic single cell array chips
Authors: Chung Jaehoon , Ingram Patrick N. , Bersano-Begey Tom , Yoon Euisik
Published: November 2014

Cancer heterogeneity has received considerable attention for its role in tumor initiation and progression, and its implication for diagnostics and therapeutics in the clinic. To facilitate a cellular heterogeneity study in a low cost and highly efficient manner, we present a microfluidic platform that allows traceable clonal culture and characterization. The platform captures single cells into a microwell array and cultures them for clonal expansion, subsequently allowing on-chip characterization of clonal phenotype and response against drug treatments. Using a heterogeneous prostate cancer model, the PC3 cell line, we verified our prototype, identifying three different sub-phenotypes and correlating their clonal drug responsiveness to cell phenotype.
Guidelines for the formulation of Lagrangian stochastic models for particle simulations of single-phase and dispersed two-phase turbulent flows
Authors: Minier Jean-Pierre , Chibbaro Sergio , Pope Stephen B.
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we establish a set of criteria which are applied to discuss various formulations under which Lagrangian stochastic models can be found. These models are used for the simulation of fluid particles in single-phase turbulence as well as for the fluid seen by discrete particles in dispersed turbulent two-phase flows. The purpose of the present work is to provide guidelines, useful for experts and non-experts alike, which are shown to be helpful to clarify issues related to the form of Lagrangian stochastic models. A central issue is to put forward reliable requirements which must be met by Lagrangian stochastic models and a new element brought by the present analysis is to address the single- and two-phase flow situations from a unified point of view. For that purpose, we consider first the single-phase flow case and check whether models are fully consistent with the structure of the Reynolds-stress models. In the two-phase flow situation, coming up with clear-cut criteria is more difficult and the present choice is to require that the single-phase situation be well-retrieved in the fluid-limit case, elementary predictive abilities be respected and that some simple statistical features of homogeneous fluid turbulence be correctly reproduced. This analysis does not address the question of the relative predictive capacities of different models but concentrates on their formulation since advantages and disadvantages of different formulations are not always clear. Indeed, hidden in the changes from one structure to another are some possible pitfalls which can lead to flaws in the construction of practical models and to physically unsound numerical calculations. A first interest of the present approach is illustrated by considering some models proposed in the literature and by showing that these criteria help to assess whether these Lagrangian stochastic models can be regarded as acceptable descriptions. A second interest is to indicate how future developments can be safely built, which is also relevant for stochastic subgrid models for particle-laden flows in the context of Large Eddy Simulations.
Local rhombohedral symmetry in Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2 near the morphotropic phase boundary
Authors: Ma Tianyu , Liu Xiaolian , Pan Xingwen , Li Xiang , Jiang Yinzhu , Yan Mi , Li Huiying , Fang Minxia , Ren Xiaobing
Published: November 2014

The recently reported morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in a number of giant magnetostrictive materials (GMMs) has drawn considerable interest to the local symmetry/structure near MPB region of these materials. In this letter, by in-situ X-ray diffraction and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements, we show that Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2, the typical composition of Terfenol-D GMMs, has coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases over a wide temperature range in the vicinity of MPB. High resolution transmission electron microscopy provides direct evidence for local rhombohedral symmetry of the ferromagnetic phase and reveals regular-shaped nanoscale domains below 10 nm. The nano-sized structural/magnetic domains are hierarchically inside a single micron-sized stripe-like domain with the same average magnetization direction. Such domain structures are consistent with the low magnetocrystalline anisotropy and easy magnetic/structural domain switching under magnetic field, thus generating large magnetostriction at low field.
Extraction of net interfacial polarization charge from Al0.54In0.12Ga0.34N/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Laurent Matthew A. , Gupta Geetak , Wienecke Steven , Muqtadir Azim A. , Keller Stacia , DenBaars Steven P. , Mishra Umesh K.
Published: November 2014

AlxInyGa(1-x-y)N materials show promise for use in GaN-based heterojunction devices. The growth of these materials has developed to the point where they are beginning to see implementation in high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and light emitting diodes. However, the electrical properties of these materials are still poorly understood, especially as related to the net polarization charge at the AlInGaN/GaN interface (Qπ(net)). All theoretical calculations of Qπ(net) share the same weakness: dependence upon polarization bowing parameters, which describe the deviation in Qπ(net) from Vegard's law. In this study, direct analysis of Qπ(net) for Al0.54In0.12Ga0.34N/GaN HEMTs is reported as extracted from C-V, I-V, and Hall measurements performed on samples grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. An average value for Qπ(net) is calculated to be 2.015 × 10−6 C/cm2, with just 6.5% variation between measurement techniques.
Effect of a dual inlet channel on cell loading in microfluidics
Authors: Yun Hoyoung , Kim Kisoo , Lee Won Gu
Published: November 2014

Unwanted sedimentation and attachment of a number of cells onto the bottom channel often occur on relatively large-scale inlets of conventional microfluidic channels as a result of gravity and fluid shear. Phenomena such as sedimentation have become recognized problems that can be overcome by performing microfluidic experiments properly, such as by calculating a meaningful output efficiency with respect to real input. Here, we present a dual-inlet design method for reducing cell loss at the inlet of channels by adding a new “ upstream inlet ” to a single main inlet design. The simple addition of an upstream inlet can create a vertically layered sheath flow prior to the main inlet for cell loading. The bottom layer flow plays a critical role in preventing the cells from attaching to the bottom of the channel entrance, resulting in a low possibility of cell sedimentation at the main channel entrance. To provide proof-of-concept validation, we applied our design to a microfabricated flow cytometer system (μFCS) and compared the cell counting efficiency of the proposed μFCS with that of the previous single-inlet μFCS and conventional FCS. We used human white blood cells and fluorescent microspheres to quantitatively evaluate the rate of cell sedimentation in the main inlet and to measure fluorescence sensitivity at the detection zone of the flow cytometer microchip. Generating a sheath flow as the bottom layer was meaningfully used to reduce the depth of field as well as the relative deviation of targets in the z-direction (compared to the x-y flow plane), leading to an increased counting sensitivity of fluorescent detection signals. Counting results using fluorescent microspheres showed both a 40% reduction in the rate of sedimentation and a 2-fold higher sensitivity in comparison with the single-inlet μFCS. The results of CD4+ T-cell counting also showed that the proposed design results in a 25% decrease in the rate of cell sedimentation and a 28% increase in sensitivity when compared to the single-inlet μFCS. This method is simple and easy to use in design, yet requires no additional time or cost in fabrication. Furthermore, we expect that this approach could potentially be helpful for calculating exact cell loading and counting efficiency for a small input number of cells, such as primary cells and rare cells, in microfluidic channel applications.
Two-dimensional superconductivity at (110) LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces
Authors: Han Yin-Long , Shen Sheng-Chun , You Jie , Li Hai-Ou , Luo Zhong-Zhong , Li Cheng-Jian , Qu Guo-Liang , Xiong Chang-Min , Dou Rui-Fen , He Lin , Naugle Don , Guo Guo-Ping , Nie Jia-Cai
Published: November 2014

Novel low dimensional quantum phenomena at (110) LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interfaces are expected after the quasi two dimensional electron gas similar to that of (001) LAO/STO interfaces was found at this (110) system. Here, we report the two dimensional superconductivity with a superconducting transition temperature of ≅ 184 mK at (110) LAO/STO interfaces. The two dimensional characteristics of the superconductivity are consistent with our analysis based on a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. The estimated superconducting layer thickness is about 18 nm. This discovery may inspire new studies of LAO/STO interfaces and open additional opportunities for design of novel oxide electronic devices.
Very low electron temperature in warm dense matter formed by focused picosecond soft x-ray laser pulses
Authors: Ishino Masahiko , Hasegawa Noboru , Nishikino Masaharu , Pikuz Tatiana , Skobelev Igor , Faenov Anatoly , Inogamov Nail , Kawachi Tetsuya , Yamagiwa Mitsuru
Published: November 2014

We investigated the optical emission from the ablating surfaces induced by the irradiations of soft x-ray laser (SXRL) pulses with the aim of estimation of the maximum electron temperature. No emission signal in the spectral range of 400–800 nm could be observed despite the formation of damage structures on the target surfaces. Hence, we estimated an upper limit for the electron temperature of 0.4–0.7 eV for the process duration of 100–1000 ps. Our results imply that the ablation and/or surface modification by the SXRL is not accompanied by plasma formation but is induced by thermo-mechanical pressure, which is so called a spallative ablation. This spallative ablation process occurs in the low electron temperature region of a non-equilibrium state of warm dense matter.
Mental Illness Along the Criminal Justice Continuum
Authors: Barrenger Stacey , Canada Kelli E.
Published: November 2014

Persons with mental illnesses are overrepresented along the criminal justice continuum (police, courts, parole and probation, incarceration, and reentry), which expose individuals to risk but can also serve at points of intervention. Two predominant explanations for this overrepresentation and the evidence surrounding interventions are examined. The most common interventions at each point on the continuum and their research evidence are examined, providing an overview of promising interventions, highlighting the need for more robust research or program development, and laying the groundwork for future systematic reviews at each point on the continuum. In general, interventions have not reduced the prevalence of persons with mental illnesses involved in the criminal justice system. Future interventions should address the individual, environmental, and structural factors exposing individuals to continued contact with the criminal justice system, requiring an interdisciplinary effort across the criminal justice and mental health workforce to address this complex problem.
A prompt radio transient associated with a gamma-ray superflare from the young M dwarf binary DG CVn
Authors: Fender R. P. , Anderson G. E. , Osten R. , Staley T. , Rumsey C. , Grainge K. , Saunders R. D. E.
Published: November 2014

On 2014 April 23, the Swift satellite detected a gamma-ray superflare from the nearby star system DG CVn. This system comprises an M-dwarf binary with extreme properties: it is very young and at least one of the components is a very rapid rotator. The gamma-ray superflare is one of only a handful detected by Swift in a decade. As part of our AMI-LA Rapid Response Mode, ALARRM, we automatically slewed to this target, were taking data at 15 GHz within 6 min of the burst, and detected a bright (∼100 mJy) radio flare. This is the earliest detection of bright, prompt, radio emission from a high-energy transient ever made with a radio telescope, and is possibly the most luminous incoherent radio flare ever observed from a red dwarf star. An additional bright radio flare, peaking at around 90 mJy, occurred around one day later, and there may have been further events between 0.1–1 d when we had no radio coverage. The source subsequently returned to a quiescent level of 2–3 mJy on a time-scale of about 4 d. Although radio emission is known to be associated with active stars, this is the first detection of large radio flares associated with a gamma-ray superflare, and demonstrates both feasibility and scientific importance of rapid response modes on radio telescopes.
Making decision‐making research matter: some issues and remedies
Authors: Nutt Paul C.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an appraisal of decision‐making research noting key contributions, issues posed by past work and suggestions for future work that address the issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The appraisal stems from a meta analysis of decision‐making research efforts. Summative analyses of decision‐making research, found in key papers and books published in the past two decades, were examined integrating the conclusions to offer an assessment of the field.

Findings

The key findings were “what” and “how” questions that need be addressed. The what questions identify some of the dilemmas that must be confronted before decision making can progress. The how questions consider some of the difficulties inherent in doing the recommended research. Suggestions to overcome these difficulties are offered.

Originality/value

The paper's key contribution stems from pinpointing the failures of past efforts and steps identified to overcome these failings, which should be of interest to researchers.
Interview with Alex Pratt, author of Austerity Business
Authors: by Juliet Norton Interview
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an interview with Alex Pratt, an award winning entrepreneur and one of the UK's leading business figures. He started trading bankrupt stock at the age of 16, and was quickly spotted as a national rising business star. Today, Alex is Director of Serious Brands. He has worked with several governments as an advisor on business, competitiveness and innovation

Design/methodology/approach

This briefing is prepared by an independent interviewer.

Findings

After decades of growth, business leaders are now facing unfamiliar territory, the biggest cuts in spending since the Great Depression and a more uncertain future. In addition, to tackling the economic challenges, entrepreneurs need to keep their eyes open for emerging opportunities like those related to the transition to a greener, lower carbon economy. In his new book Austerity Business: 39 Tips for Doing More with Less. Alex offers help and inspiration to businesses in dealing with the new “Age of Austerity”.

Practical implications

Provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.

Social implications

Provides strategic insights and practical thinking that can have a broader social impact.

Originality/value

Alex book offers advice on how companies can thrive during a period of austerity.
Country risk and valuation of US‐listed foreign IPOs
Authors: Wu Congsheng
Published: November 2014

Purpose

Many foreign firms have made their initial public offering (IPO) debuts in the USA, without first being listed in their home market. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association of a wide range of country risk measures with the valuation of foreign IPOs.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the law and finance literature, it is hypothesized that IPO firms domiciled in countries with higher country risk are worth less, other things equal. This hypothesis is tested with a sample of international companies making their IPO debuts in the USA between 1986 and 2002.

Findings

It is found that several commonly used country‐level variables explain the observed IPO valuation differences across countries. In particular, the index of economic freedom, developed by the Heritage Foundation, and the Transparency International's corruption index have a significant impact on post‐offer IPO valuations. Specifically, IPO firms hailing from countries with more economic freedom and less corruption are associated with higher valuation in the aftermarket.

Originality/value

The paper investigates whether some commonly‐used country risk measures affect the valuation of newly US‐listed foreign firms.
Public Library Association Biennial Conference, March 2012
Authors: Kesselman Martin
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the 2012 PLA Conference.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is a conference report from the Public Library Association (PLA) Biennial Conference held in March 2012.

Findings

Various reports from the conference.

Originality/value

This conference report has editorial value to those interested in attending the PLA conference and interest for librarians and information professionals.
Organizational responses to complexity: the effect on organizational performance
Authors: Ashmos Donde P. , Duchon Dennis , McDaniel Reuben R.
Published: November 2014

This paper uses a complex adaptive systems view to examine two different organizational responses to turbulent, complex environments. We examined the internal make‐up of eight organizations that saw their environment the same way – as rapidly changing, complex and requiring aggressive change strategies. Half of these organizations chose a complexity absorption response to environmental turbulence, and half chose a complexity reduction response to environmental turbulence and complexity. The organizations pursuing a complexity absorption response outperformed those organizations with complexity reduction responses.