bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land Use Change Threat to Paddy Cultivation Sustainability on the Irrigated Rice Fields in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
Authors: Barchia Muhammad Faiz , Budianta Dedik , Sulistyo Bambang , Hardiansyah Dodi , Suhartoyo Hery , Novanda Ridha Rizki
Published: January 2023

Unpredictable conditions of rice cultivation on fragile peatlands in Indonesia due to land-use changes would be an obstacle to agricultural food production and food security. This study aimed to determine the changes in land usage in Bengkulu, from prospective rice fields to oil palm plantations. The study was conducted from June to October 2020 at Air Manjuto irrigation paddy fields in Mukomuko Regency, Bengkulu Province. The analysis used satellite imagery with appropriate resolutions and multitemporal time from the United States Geological Survey's Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper + (ETM+), and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) collected from the years of 2000, 2008, and 2019. (USGS). The landscapes covering the Air Manjuto area were mostly marginal swampy peaty soils with ordo of Inceptisols, Histosols, and Entisols, which favor intensive rice cultivation. Oil palm plantation covers about 80% of the area, and in the last ten years, the cultivation by small-scale farmers increased sharply, about 8,219 ha or 68% from the previous decade, and no bush and bare land. In contrast, rice fields were an extraordinary loss of 6,819 ha or about 74% in the last decade, from 9,187 ha in 2008 to 2,308 ha in 2019. The loss of a huge area for rice cultivation at the Air Manjuto irrigation area threatens production in Bengkulu. The loss should be reversed through supporting infrastructure facilities and incentives, agrochemical subsidies, and agricultural insurances, and no more rice fields should be converted.
Care Management in Family Health Strategies from the Perspective of the Nursing Professional: Literature Review
Authors: Gouveia Aline Ouriques de , Souza Julyany Rocha Barrozo de , Farias Kátia Cilene Lisboa , Vieira Flávia Nunes , Moreira Herundino Neto Moura , Maues Victor Matheus Silva , Gouveia Amanda Ouriques de , Castro Karen Silva de , Ferreira Michele Pinheiro , Santos Valéria Regina Cavalcante dos
Published: January 2023

Objective: To elaborate a literature review to learn about the understanding and practice of nurses working in the ESFs regarding health care management. Methodology: This is a qualitative research, with an exploratory character, of the literature review type, with an approach divided into the stages of elaboration of the theme, definition of criteria for inclusion and exclusion of studies, indexing of descriptors in databases such as SciELO, BVS and PubMed, critical analysis and categorization of the literature in the time frame 2019 to 2022. Results: 10 articles were selected that showed that the professional nurse throughout his trajectory has been rediscovering his role through the performance in Primary Health Care, especially, for assistance in the Family Health Strategy, by creating and recreating nursing care in public health, ensuring the promotion, prevention and recovery of collective and individual well-being. Conclusion: It is emphasized that it is important for the professional nurse to understand that managing care in the strategy is to articulate care activities to have a care plan for each user of the services, guided by the policies recommended by the Ministry of Health.
Paths of Unsustainability, Forestry Education and Regional Development
Authors: Fernandes Elielma Santana , Sousa Wellington Dantas de , Oliveira Lucia Marisy Souza Ribeiro de
Published: January 2023

Degradation of forests and Climate Change are on the agenda of relevant debates at a global level. Environmental monitoring data demonstrate the unsustainability of forests and the need to seek ways of coexistence, man and the natural environment, dissociated from a purely economic matrix. In the direction of building a thought that encourages society towards an educational trajectory about forests and the rational use of natural resources, this article is presented as a theoretical essay, which aims to make some considerations about the idea of Forestry Education - EF as an interdisciplinary and integrative social educational process; a potential pathway to environmental quality; and its possible contribution to regional development. It was concluded that considering Forestry Education as a potential way of contributing to development requires society to change behavior in the way of living and acting in the spaces it occupies, that it is necessary to expand public involvement through initiatives that enable a raising the level of awareness and education, ensuring information and institutional consolidation of open channels for participation in a pluralist perspective.
An Approch for Representation of Node Using Graph Transformer Networks
Authors: Vaghani Dev
Published: January 2023

Abstract: In representation learning on graphs, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely employed and have attained cutting-edge performance in tasks like node categorization and link prediction. However, the majority of GNNs now in use are made to learn node representations on homogenous and fixed graphs. The limits are particularly significant when learning representations on a network that has been incorrectly described or one that is heterogeneous, or made up of different kinds of nodes and edges. This study proposes Graph Transformer Networks (GTNs), which may generate new network structures by finding valuable connections between disconnected nodes in the original graph and learning efficient node representation on the new graphs end-to-end. A basic layer of GTNs called the Graph Transformer layer learns a soft selection of edge types and composite relations to produce meaningful multi-hop connections known as meta-paths. This research demonstrates that GTNs can learn new graph structures from data and tasks without any prior domain expertise and that they can then use convolution on the new graphs to provide effective node representation. GTNs outperformed state-of-the-art approaches that need predefined meta-paths from domain knowledge in all three benchmark node classification tasks without the use of domain-specific graph pre-processing.
Nahwu Learning Through Banjar Culture with Syahid Table in South Kalimantan
Authors: Qomariah Rafiatun Najah , Muzakki Akhmad , Machmudah Umi
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study were to reveal the cultural aspects of Nahwu learning at Islamic Boarding School, South Kalimantan. This research was case study research with a qualitative approach carried out at Darul Ilmi Islamic Boarding School for Girl, South Kalimantan. The results of this study showed the cultural aspects of Nahwu learning at Islamic Boarding School, South Kalimantan, were: - The use of Banjarese Malay in explaining the Nahwu rules, the strategy of the Syahid, the explanation of the Syahid and the translation of the characteristics of Banjar, - the Syahid in the Banjarese language in the form of a concept a graphic image table consisting of Syahid, kalimat, alamat, hukum, mahal, liys tengah, a’mil, alamat and liys akhir, where each table contains sentence functions from examples related to the topic being studied. - translation of banjar characteristics include: “Bermula” the marker for “مبتدأ”, “yaitu” the marker for “خبر”, “ulih” the marker for “فاعل”, “akan” the marker for “مفعول” The affix “nya” ​​the marker for “إضافة”, “hal keadaan” the marker for “حال”, and “berbilang” of markers for “جمع”. This study indicated that nahwu learning based on regional culture by combining concept learning conditions and the use of the mother tongue contributes to facilitating and helping students' difficulties in learning Nahwu.
Factors Influencing Health Career Choices During Clinicians’ First Three Years in Practice
Authors: Darlow Ben , Brown Melanie , McKinlay Eileen , Gray Lesley , Pullon Sue
Published: January 2023

Background: Health systems globally need more clinicians to work rurally and in community-based primary care. This study explores factors influencing health graduates’ choice of clinical setting and geographical location during early careers, across a range of disciplines that work together to support the health of people in community-based and rural locations.Methods: Students from eight disciplines (n = 611) were recruited prior to their final year of pre-registration training. Data were collected via three electronic surveys completed at the end of participants’ first, second, and third year of clinical practice. Data were managed and analyzed with Template Analysis.Findings: Similar factors influenced clinical setting and location choice but differed in relative importance for each. The nature of the job itself was the most important factor influencing clinical setting choices. A broader range of influences were important to geographical location choices including personal reasons, the nature of the job, the nature of the location, and job availability and opportunities. Regulatory or training requirements limited choices available to some clinicians, particularly those from medicine.Conclusion: A range of complex and interacting factors influenced health graduates’ career choices. Findings indicate that a broad system-wide approach is needed to address community and rural health workforce needs.
Analysis of Herbal Drugs by HPTLC: A REVIEW
Authors: B Gunjal Sanket , R Dighe P.
Published: January 2023

Densitometric evaluation through HPTLC is very useful method for standardization of medicinal plants and other natural products, especially those used in different system of medicine. It has been approved as an authenticated method of analysis in several pharmacopeias, including the USP and the IP. Result from a number of medicinal plants studied in the laboratory have shown that, TLC- densitometry is more advantageous strategy than HPLC or GLC. Improvement in resolution, HPTLC is valuable tool for the investigation of herbal products with respect to different aspects of their quality.  sensitivity and reproducibility are the fundamental attributes. HPTLC plays an important role in the characterization of marker compounds for the development and standardization of herbal medicines. The HPTLC approach is particularly well suited to the examination of herbs and herbal preparations because it allows for easy comparison of samples using fingerprints and quantitative determination using scanning densitometry. Herbs and herbal mixtures are particularly challenging to standardise. Many of the current medications we use today for various ailments are based on plants and plant-based products. This review focused on the various HPTLC methods used to analyse herbal drugs. For each drug, extraction processes as well as the HPTLC analytical method have been optimised.
Starfruit extract (Averrhoa bilimbi) as an alternative ingredient in the treatment of aphthous stomatitis and gingivitis
Authors: Suharja Eliati Sri
Published: January 2023

Background: Stomatitis is a lesion of the oral mucosa, inner cheek, inner lip, tongue, gums, and palate. Although it is not dangerous, canker sores are very annoying. Gingivitis is inflammation of the gingival area and is the most common disease in the community. The content of starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) includes saponins, tannins, glucosides, and calcium, one of the best known as thrush drugs. In addition, the use of herbal plants such as star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) to reduce the risk of caries because this plant has antibacterial ability. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of starfruit on the healing of aphthous stomatitis and gingivitis. Methods: the type of research used is quasi-experimental, with a pre and post-test design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The data collection instrument used to measure the diameter of stomatitis was using a caliper and measuring gingivitis using the WHO standard measuring instrument, namely the gingival index. Analysis of the data used was a paired sample test to compare stomatitis and gingivitis before and after the intervention. Result: the application of starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) showed p= 0.000 and the gingival index showed p=0.016, meaning that starfruit extract (Averrhoa bilimbi) was effective in treatment of aphthous stomatitis and gingivitis. Conclusion: starfruit extract (Averrhoa bilimbi) is effective as an alternative ingredient in the treatment of aphthous stomatitis and gingivitis.
Antagonistic Activity of Agaricuscampestris mushroom Extracts Against some Human Pathogenic Bacterial Species
Authors: Shafiq Shatha Ali , Sahib Rasha Salam
Published: January 2023

The present study focused on the evaluation of Agaricuscampestris mushroom extracts activity against four clinical isolates Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aerginosa; Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus. Agaricuscampestris mushroom extracts varied in their antimicrobial activity. The intensity of the antimicrobial effect is dependent upon the solvent , concentration of the mushroom extract and the organism being tested against .Therefore, The hot water and ethanolic extract 96%showed maximum inhibition at high concentrations specially at  500 mg/ml  concentration( 17, 16, 19, 16  ) mm and ( 20,21,19,20) against E. coli , Pseudomonas aerginosa; Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus respectively compared with methanolic extract . The ethyl acetate  extract of the   powder mushroom  of Agaricuscampestris was analyzed to 9 chemical compounds belonged to fatty acids and their derivatives and included :-Nonadecane, Pentacosane, Octadecane, Heptadecane, Heneicosane, Hexadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl, Butanoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl ester, Phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester ,, Octanoic acid, heptadecyl ester.
Application of Family Nursing Care in Patients with Hypertension: A Case Study
Authors: Chairani Reni , Satriadi Alif
Published: January 2023

Background: Hypertension contributes to nearly 9.4 million deaths from cardiovascular disease every year. It also increases the risk of coronary heart disease by as well as increases the risk of stroke. Hypertension can also cause economic losses, the incidence of chronic diseases will directly reduce the number of the workforce due to high mortality, work absenteeism, disability and early retirement. Nurses have an important role to help families in the management of hypertension. Nurses have a role in changing behavior as an effort to reduce the risk of rising blood pressure and one of the treatments is the application of family nursing care. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of implementing family nursing care for hypertensive patients as an effort to reduce blood pressure. Research Methods: This research design uses a case study method that implements the application of family nursing care to hypertensive patients as an effort to reduce blood pressure. This study was conducted on hypertensive patients in the family of Mr.G Rt 02/03 Parigi Village, Cikande District, Serang Regency. Results: The application of family nursing care for 4 visits can increase patient knowledge about hypertension, reduce acute pain with relaxation techniques, overcome sleep patterns by doing breathing techniques before going to bed and reduce blood pressure from 140/95mmhg to 130/90mmhg. Conclusion: Family nursing care is effective in lowering blood pressure.
Stem Cell Therapy for Myocardial Infarction: A Mini-Review
Authors: Hussain Md Sadique , Tyagi Swati , Khatri Himanshi , Singh Sandeep
Published: January 2023

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can proliferate, regenerate, develop into differentiated cells, and produce a variety of tissues. Embryonic stem cells, adult or somatic stem cells, and pluripotent stem cells are the three types of stem cells. Another classification of stem cells is totipotent, multipotent, and unipotent cells. Stem cell treatment has the possibility of treating degenerative disorders, cancer, and the restoration of damaged tissues, all of which now have no or restricted medicinal alternatives. Myocardial infarction is a potentially fatal condition caused by the permanent loss of cardiomyocytes and a deterioration in the heart's blood-pumping capacity. Throughout the last two decades, stem cell-based treatments for myocardial infarction therapy have been researched with encouraging results. Traditional therapy for myocardial infarction slows disease development but has little effect on healing. Because of their ability to initiate de novo cardiogenesis, embryonic stem cells are thought to be a potential candidate for cardiac regeneration.
A Review on Hypertensive Drug Prescription
Authors: Joshi Prashant , Singh Sanjay , Sanwal Ritu
Published: January 2023

Hypertension is considered to be the vital reason of mobidity and mortality in the society. It is an important risk aspect for cerebro-vascular, cardiovascular, and renal problems. A number of national and international guidelines for the management of hypertension have been published. The increasing occurrence of hypertension and the frequently escalating expenditure of its treatment control the prescribing patterns amongst physicians and compliance to the treatment by the patients. from the time when several years ago, diuretics were calculated as the first-line drugs for management of hypertension therapy; however, the recent guidelines by the Joint National Commission (JNC8 guidelines) advise both calcium channel blockers in addition to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors as first-line drugs, in adding up to diuretics. This assessment aims on the antihypertensive medication utilization, adherence to treatment by patients, and physicians’ adherence to guidelines in prescribing medications in various settings. The antihypertensive medication prescribing pattern studies assist to observe, estimate and essential changes to the prescribing practice to get rational and cost-effective treatment. In addition, there should always be an updating of recommended guidelines and inventive drug formulations, and prescription monitoring evaluations help in rational use of antihypertensive drugs, which can be tailored to go with the patients' requirements, counting those in the emergent countries.
A Retrospective Assessment of The Safety Profile of Pioglitazone in T2dm Patients
Authors: Saini Aryendu Kumar , Verma Sunil , Bansode Himanshu , Yadav Vishal , Kumar Upendra , Chaubey Byomnath , Kushwaha Pratima
Published: January 2023

Background: Pioglitazone is a drug that belongs to the category of thiazolidinedione (TZD) and is used for its hypoglycemic activity that is very-well associated with some serious adverse drug reactions (ADR). Previous studies have dealt with country-specific pharmacovigilance databases to assess the ADR profile of pioglitazone but none of them utilized a scholarly literature database.  

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the safety profile of pioglitazone in terms of expectedness, causality, and the seriousness of ADR by using a literature database.

Methods: The published literature cases of pioglitazone-induced ADR from the PubMed database (between 1993 and 2020) were retrieved by using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms.Only the valid cases (as per the ICH validity criteria) were analyzed. Following this, valid cases were further assessed for the expectedness of ADR by using the "Summary of Product Characteristics" document of Takeda Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd. Seriousness criteria of WHO for ADR were used for assessing the seriousness of ADR while the Naranjo’s scale was used for causality assessment.

Results: A total of 871 results were found of which only 26 valid ICSRs cases were found. Of the total 168 ADRs, a total of 131 (77.97%) and 37 (22.02%) unexpected and expected ADRs were found. Only two of the events were found to be non-serious and they were Iatrogenic lipomatosis and Angioneurotic edema. 1 (32.5 %), 24 (77.4 %), 6 (19.35 %) reactions were serious due to death, important medical event, and hospitalization, respectively. There were, in total, 7 (27 %) and 19 (74 %) cases that belonged to a possible and probable category, respectively.

Conclusion: It is worth mentioning that pioglitazone is associated with the risk of heart failure and edema besides causing bladder cancer. The patient should be evaluated for the possible adverse effects of proper monitoring and follow-ups.
Preparation and Evaluation of Niosomes for the Delivery of Antioxidant to the Skin for Antiaging Purpose
Authors: Chaudhary Aditi , Gupta Meenakshi , Kumari Kiran , Sachan Anupam Kumar
Published: January 2023

Niosomes are unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles capable of entrapping hydrophilic and hydrophobic solutes.  Niosomes are promising drug carriers as they possess greater stability. Niosomes is currently reported to increase drug stability, and increase the penetration of the adsorbed compound across the skin. Thus noisome could be incorporated in semisolid formulation. Quercetin niosomes were prepared by using Cholesterol, Span 80/ Span 85 as surfactants, chloroform, and diethyl ether using ether injection method. Formulation was then evaluated for particle size, drug content, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro drug release studies. Niosomal Gel Prepared by Carbopol 934P and characterized as Drug Content, in-vitro Cumulative Drug Release and viscocity. Quercetin released from the Plain Gel to 68.64 in 8 hrs. The skin permeation increase of quercetin drug was recorded from vesicle Gel in comparison to plain gel and antioxidant activity performed by DPPH Method. The results showed that quercetin has considerable whitening and antioxidant capacities and Span80+85(1:2) Niosomes remarkably improved the solubility and photostability of quercetin. Furthermore, compared to quercetin solution, quercetin-niosomes had the advantages of sustained release and improved transdermal penetration. Niosomal Gel storage under refrigeration showed greater stability. The results suggested that Niosomes could better promote the transdermal delivery of quercetin, by their ability to control drug release.
Micropropagation of Pogostemon paniculatus
Authors: Godbole Manoj , K N Vanya , H D Lenifer , Y Amrutha , K Shruthi , S Sujay K
Published: January 2023

Plant regeneration potential from node & leaf explants of Pogostemon paniculatus through direct shoot proliferation was studied on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with various concentrations of cytokinins & auxins. As the seed germinability of the plant is low in vitro, we have tried these explants for micropropagation. Among different concentrations of individual hormones tested for nodal explants, benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 5µM & kinetin (Kn) at 0.5µM showed 4 & 2 mean number of shoots/explant respectively & combination of Kn (0.5 µM)  + BAP (1.5 µM) showed 15 mean number of shoots/explant. For leaf explant combination of Kn (0.5 µM) + BAP (1.5 µM) showed 20 mean number of shoots/explant. Other hormones tested at all concentrations showed callus formation without the shoot development. Roots were established on the isolated shoots on naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.25µM. Rooted plants were acclimatized. This is the first report of Pogostemon paniculatus micropropagation.
Review of Active Compounds from Medicinal Plants with Antihyperglycemic Efficiency on Translocation and Expression of Glucose Transporter 4 on Muscle and Adipose Tissue
Authors: Widyasti Jena Hayu , Kurniasari Fitri , Nugroho Rahmat Budi
Published: January 2023

Glucose transporter’s mechanism is influenced by the presence of insulin, especially GLUT4 which acts on muscle, adipose, and brain tissue. Medicinal plants with active compounds that were able to regulate the expression and translocation of GLUT helps in the treatment of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. This study aimed to determine which active compounds isolated from medicinal plants have antihyperglycemic activity on GLUT4 expression in muscle and adipose tissue. The research method used was by searching the literature electronically with the keywords "Plant Isolation", "Chemical Compounds", "Antihyperglycemic Activity", and "Glucose transporter (GLUT) 4". Literature sources in the form of international and national journals have been found on several sites, such as NCBI, Elsevier and Pubmed, and others. A literature search in the form of selected journals from 2016 to 2021. The data were analyzed using the PRISMA (Prefered Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses) method. The results showed that the active substances contained in the plant have antihyperglycemic activity by increasing the translocation and expression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle cells, adipocytes, and tested-animal models of DM.
Family Support with Adolescent Smoking Behavior in High School
Authors: Widagdo Wahyu , Basuki Pralamphita Afifah
Published: January 2023

Adolescents are residents with an age range of 10-18 years. At this stage of adolescence, adolescents are still looking for their identity so they need guidance and support from their families. The family support provided can influence the behavior of adolescents and shape adolescents for the better. In adolescents, health problems often occur, one of which is smoking so that the number of adolescents who smoke in Indonesia has increased from 2013 with a prevalence of 7.20% to 9.10% in 2018. Meanwhile, the prevalence in DKI Jakarta Province is adolescents aged 10-18 years by 4.51%. Therefore, it is important to know whether or not there is a relationship between family support and smoking behavior. This study used a cross sectional design with a sample of 116 adolescents. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The results of this study there is no relationship between family support and smoking behavior in adolescents at senior high schools in DKI Jakarta province with value = 0.267, value = 0.05 (ρ> ).
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Pork DNA in Unauthorized Jamu and Fish Oil Capsule Shells
Authors: Asra Ridho , Fauziah Fitra , Sarina Gemmy , Hasan Rahmi Zhavira , Yahya Ghina Muharrani
Published: January 2023

Capsules for pharmaceutical dosage forms are generally manufactured from beef gelatin. However, several reports claimed the alleged misuse of pork gelatin was improperly used in producing illegitimate capsules for the Muslim community. This study aimed to analyze pork DNA in unregistered jamu and fish oil capsules using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The sample was isolated to obtain pure pork DNA and amplified using a specific primer to generate millions of DNA using the multi-step PCR method. The PCR product was analyzed to identify the pork DNA's existence via gel electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose. The analysis showed that several samples were positive at 132 bp compared to reference pork DNA. The result of this study revealed that unregistered products should be evaluated and followed up on to prevent product abuse.
¬Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanol Extract of Tetracera scandens (L.) Merr. Stems
Authors: Fauziah Fitra , Kardela Widya , Tinsia Dwi Julda
Published: January 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which had a  high prevalence in Indonesia. Traditional medicinal plants have been developed to treat diabetes mellitus. One of them is Tetracera scandens (L.) Merr.This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of the ethanol extract of T.scandens stems on blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in mice induced by alloxan. Animals were grouped into five groups: normal group, negative control, and extract doses of 175, 350, and 700 mg/kg BW. Animals were induced with an alloxandose of 175 mg/kg BW. The extract was given orally for 21 days.The results showed that the administration of ethanol extract ofT.scandens stemscould significantly reduce blood glucose levels, increase insulin levels and reduce insulin resistance (p<0.05).It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of T.scandens potential to develop as herbal medicine in diabetes mellitus therapy. Further study is needed toconfirmthe antidiabetic activity of T.scandens.
Bioequivalence study of BETALOC-XR™ (Drug International Ltd, Bangladesh) and METOPROLOL 100 STADA™ (STADA Pharm Gmbh, Germany) as open-label, two-way crossover and randomized fashion among healthy male volunteers
Authors: Kumar Sarker Uttam , Farhana Fatiha , Islam Atikul , Misbahuddin Mir , Mollah Md. Elias , Roy Balaram , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: January 2023

Bioequivalence study of two oral formulations of metoprolol 100 mg tablet was brought about in 16 healthy male Bangladeshi normal individuals as crossover-randomized fashion. The test and reference formulated products were BETALOC-XR™ (Drug International Ltd, Bangladesh) and METOPROLOL 100 STADA™ (STADA Pharm Gmbh, Germany).  Each tablet was delivered with 150 mL of water to every normal individual after whole night fasting on two treatment days separated by more than one week washout period. After administering drug, blood samples were collected serially for a period of 24 hours. A validated HPLC method was used to estimate the plasma concentrations of metoprolol. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, AUC0→24h, t1/2, and Kel were determined in this study. The mean (± SD) AUC0→24h for test drug BETALOC-XRTM was 490.3 ± 187.5 ng/hr/mL whereas for reference drug METOPROLOL 100 STADATM it was 559.9 ± 267.2 ng/hr/mL. The relative bioavailability (BETALOC-XRTM/METOPROLOL 100 STADATM ratio) was 87.5%. The Cmax, tmax, half-life of elimination (t1/2) and the rate of elimination (Kel) for test drug was 170.9 ± 78.3 ng/mL, 2.3 ± 0.8 hours, 1.2 ± 2.0 hour  and 0.4362 whereas for reference drug was 209.1 ± 91.3 ng/mL, 1.7 ± 0.7 hours, 1.3 ± 2.2 hour and 0.5875 respectively. Based on these statistical hypothesis it was conjecture that a BETALOC-XRTM tablet is bioequivalent to a METOPROLOL 100 STADATM tablet.
The Determinants of Active Aging for Improving Elderly Abilities
Authors: Palestin Bondan , Kholifah Siti Nur , Arna , Yessy Dessy
Published: January 2023

An elderly group is a vulnerable group due to the aging process. The declining health conditions of the elderly have an impact on the increasing dependence of the elderly on family and society. The state of the elderly is healthy holistically and actively affects the productive elderly. Increasing productivity among the elderly is significant in reducing dependence on others. One of the efforts to increase productivity among the elderly is the empowerment process. This research consists of two stages, (1) analytical observational method and (2) Focus Group Discussion. researchers will follow up on the research by Productive Elderly Indicator Measuring Tool based on an android application. The results of the study showed that there was a significant effect of holistic health conditions on increasing ability with a coefficient value of 0.268 with a significance of 0.003 (p-value <0.05). A positive coefficient means that the more holistic health conditions, the greater the ability of the elderly. There is a significant effect of the active determinant on increasing ability with a coefficient value of 0.449 with a significance of 0.000 (p-value <0.05). The positive coefficient means that the more active determinants are, the greater the ability of the elderly. There is a significant effect of increasing the ability of productive elderly with a coefficient value of 0.720 with a significance of 0.000 (p-value <0.05). The positive coefficient means that the increasing ability of the elderly will increase productivity elderly.
A Comprehensive Study on Counterfeit Medicine and its prevention in India through its Regulatory Approach
Authors: Singh Suryaprakash , Gupta Priyanka
Published: January 2023

A counterfeit medication is one which is intentionally and false mislabeled with relevance identity or source. Counterfeiting applies to both brand and generic products which incorporate items with wrongs ingredients, without active ingredients, with inadequate active ingredients. Worldwide, each nation is that the survivor of substandard or spurious drugs, which end in life threatening issues, loss of consumer and manufacturer and loss in trust on health system. Internationally, the trade in counterfeit drug is of the quickest developing grey economies – after narcotics, terrorism, and arm trade.

In term of revenues, India Is world’s leading in generic companies. India has the notoriety of being a significant producer of the world's counterfeit drugs. Counterfeit drugs structure 10% of the counterfeit drugs in line with the world Health Organization (WHO).  As Per BASCAP-"Drug industry is that the premier falsified industry in India".

The point of this enumerative review was to clarify the effect of poor-quality drugs with their outcomes on public health and also the preventive measures taken by the Indian drug administrative framework by CDSCO. India should adopt the technologies present in other countries to combat counterfeit medicine.
Registration of health products for human use: Niger Republic case (from January 2018 to December 2020)
Authors: MAMANE IBRAHIM Mahaman Rabiou , ABDOULAYE Ousmane , ABDOU BAGOUGOU Rakia , GUIET MATI Fatima , OUDOU MOSSI MAIGA Mahamadou , HAROUNA Hamidou , HAROUNA AMADOU Mahaman Laouali , JATAOU BAHARI Kassoum , HAMA AGHALI Nouhou , MINDAOUDOU Habsatou , ILLO Bachir , DAN NOUHOU Barira
Published: January 2023

Objective: Our study aims to make a nomenclature of the pharmaceutical products having received an authorization of sale on the market (MA) in Niger Republic and to describe the profiles of the various applicant laboratories and or manufacturers. We had conducted a retrospective and descriptive study on new applications for registration of health products for human use examined in first intention only by the National Commission for Health Products Approval (NCHPA) from January 2018 to December 2020.

Material and methods: Over this period, 7 sessions of the NCHPA were held, including 3 in 2018, 2 in 2019, and 2 in 2020. In total, 951 dossiers for registration were reviewed in first intention.

Results: It was found that the majority of applicant laboratories (37.22%) as well as manufacturer laboratories (40.38%) were from India. The most represented therapeutic class was antibiotics (21.35%) followed by antimalarial (9.67%). However, the main route of administration was oral (79.28%) with a predominance of tablets (52.47%). Our study had also noted that only 10.10% of the dossiers have been accepted against 86.75% postponed due to lack of required information.

Summary ad conclusion: The national drug nomenclature remains the main document guiding the prescription and dispensing of products with a valid market authorization in the country. This is why all the actors in pharmaceutical logistics must have at hand all the information on the products approved in Niger.
Strengthening Veterinary Pharmacy Regulations through the harmonization process in the UEMOA region: the case of Niger and Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: GUIET MATI Fatima , VIDJRO Sandra Wotsa , OUOBA Kampadilemba , MOUMOUNI Ramatou , AMARI Serge-Antoine , PABST Jean-Yves
Published: January 2023

The livestock sector is faced with many constraints, including animal diseases. According to the World Organization for Animal Health, 60% of human diseases are of animal origin. Veterinary drugs are widely used in the fight against these diseases. These, like human medicines, are subject to strict regulation. Before the harmonization of veterinary drug regulations in French-speaking West Africa, Cote d'Ivoire was the only country with specific regulations in this area. In 2006, the UEMOA Commission adopted a set of regulatory texts as part of the community harmonization of veterinary pharmaceutical regulations, thus providing Member States with an adequate legal framework governing veterinary medicines and the practice of veterinary pharmacy and the veterinary profession, in particular through a centralized system of marketing authorisation for veterinary medicines, a single system of quality control for veterinary medicines and a community system for the inspection of veterinary pharmacy. This has enabled countries to strengthen their existing texts, as in the case of Côte d'Ivoire, or to develop specific national regulations for veterinary pharmacy, as in Niger, taking into account the principles and requirements of the community regulations.
Challenges and Future of Pharm D (Doctor of Pharmacy) Profession: Promising Career but with some reforms
Authors: Kalchetty Rishitha , Lone Priyanka , Bonaboina ChandiPriya , Rapher Sravani , Panugantisira LayaSree , Kanukuntla Resika , Badhavath Ravi Kumar , Boddu Madhusudhan , Aukunuru Venkata Jithan , Jenugu Vidya Sagar
Published: January 2023

Pharmacy being a vast field has a lot to offer. However, it takes diligent work, proper planning, and the ability to choose the right option. Considering the value of a Pharm. D degree, it is recommended that the candidates pick the best college that focuses equally on theoretical as well as experiential postulates. After completion and during the course Pharm D candidate may provide the clinical pharmacy services in the hospital, work in the areas of Clinical research organizations (CRO), Pharmacovigilance, Pharmaco-economics, community services, research and academics. As a summary, it can be expected that the Pharmacists, i.e., Pharm D would play a major role in Indian health care system in future. This course will give an opportunity to pharmacists to work more prominently in Indian health care system. A poll conducted on LinkedIn Poll on the subject matter whether Pharm D (Doctor of Pharmacy) professionals have skill in 1. Prescribing Drugs 2. Drug interaction 3. Drug dose 4. Patient counselling has shown more positive responses, which is a good note for the future of Pharm D profession in India.
Regulatory Prospective on Software as a Medical Device
Authors: Chothani Foram , Movaliya Vinit , Vaghela Khushboo , Zaveri Maitreyi , Deshpande Shrikalp , Kanki Niranjan
Published: January 2023

Software is becoming increasingly important in medical devices and digital adoption more broadly. It is becoming more important as a medical device in its own right. (1) Currently the use of software in medical market is growing exponentially and many countries have already set guidelines for quality control and clinical evaluation for SaMD. Millions of users use AI based medical device for the diagnosis & Management of diseases. Regulation for the SaMD, IMDRF published guidance document in 2013, in EU they are regulated by EMA, in Australia they are regulated by TGA and in Canada they are regulated by Health Canada. Regulations of these countries and IMDRF were reviewed and articles of challenges in artificial intelligence based medical devices reviewed. There are also many challenges like cybersecurity, safety, and decommissioning, high cost of device and also the design and development process. The objective is to focus on SaMD’s regulations and Challenges.
How to write standard operating procedures: values and a practical guide
Authors: Beyene Kidanemariam G/Michael , Nadew Solomon , Ali Wassu Gedefaw , Gebrehiwot Awot Gebregzabiher , Atsibeha Solomon Getachew
Published: January 2023

Standard operating procedure (SOP) is detailed, written step-by-step instructions for achieving uniformity while performing specific tasks to minimize variations of repeated tasks and plays a key role in the implementation of a quality management system. It is a document that describes the procedures that will be followed to accomplish various tasks. The procedures are organic documents and best-written SOPs fail if they are not followed. Poorly written, unavailable, and inadequate SOPs hamper working processes and lead to non-compliance in the implementation of quality management systems. A well-crafted SOP offers clear direction and instruction that minimizes deviations at different times using different personnel. The SOPs should be user-friendly and describes the processes in the sequential manner in which they are intended to occur and thus leading to a logical flow of events. In this article, SOP writing is summarised in seven steps, namely (i) Preparing, (ii) Reviewing, (iii) Updating, (iv) Maintaining, (v) Distributing, (vi) Archiving, and (vii) Training.
Global Medical Device Nomenclature: Basic concept and Five-Year strategy
Authors: Ayesha Siddikha  , Vidyadhari K. S. L. , Manasa M. Beulah , Prasanthi N.L. , Venkateswara Raju K.
Published: January 2023

Many people are involved in the medical device industry and their motto is to ensure the safety of medical devices, while having very varied roles and levels of process knowledge. For the first time, Global Medical Devices Nomenclature (GMDN) enables an international system to identify all medical devices generically. The GMDN now enables, for the first time, an international system for generically identifying all medical devices in a helpful way to all users. Many nomenclature systems were in existence before the GMDN, all of which were based on various structures and had been used locally or nationally for unique objectives using different techniques. In this article we are explaining the basic concept of GMDN, importance of naming, the need of GMDN, global acceptance. GMDN term structure involves finding codes and searching for GMDN terms. In addition, there will be an explanation of the Unique Device Identification (UDI) and UDI requirements carrier & hardware relationship between UDI and GMDN. Finally, the five-year strategy (2022-2026) focuses and sets out an ambitious vision for growth and increased global harmonization. The strategies set out in specific programs of work that will drive development in the coming years are also mentioned.
Research on Quality Control Strategy of CAR-T Cell Therapy Products based on QbD
Authors: Chen Wei , Tian Wenmiao , Liang Yi
Published: January 2023

Objective: This paper aims to provide reference for how to use the concept and method of QbD to control the quality of CAR-T cell therapy products in the commercial production of CAR-T cell therapy products in China, and how to formulate reasonable and effective quality control strategies.

Methods: This paper systematically analyzes the industrial development of CAR-T cell therapy products and the concept, application methods and implementation process of QbD in China through literature research and case analysis theory

Results: Cell therapy products are a hot area in the research and development of new drugs, but at present, there are no specific regulatory rules in the commercial production of CAR-T cell therapy products in China, the awareness of risk control is weak, and the quality control is unstable, making patients face many risks.

Conclusion: Based on the concept of QbD, the quality control strategy of CAR-T cell therapy products was proposed from three dimensions.
Comparison of Two Antimalarial Brands on Plasmodium Culture
Authors: Solanki Nivedita , Bundela Ragini , Chaturvedi Mohit , Jain Sourabh , Shukla Karunakar
Published: January 2023

Malaria is a major threat to the public health and economic development of many nations. While P. falciparum causes most malaria-induced mortality worldwide, P. vivax is the major cause of malaria morbidity. In this study we have compared two different brands of Arteether (EMAL and MATCH) for treating P. vivax initially. Arteether™ is a useful drug against chloroquine-resistant P. vivax malaria, without an increased incidence of toxicity. It has a longer half-life and has more lipophilic properties than artemether™, which aids its accumulation in brain tissues for the treatment of cerebral malaria. The study revealed that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness of these two formulations even though they were labeled to have similar indications. These indicate the need for prior examination of these kinds of products for their intended activity. The results of this study have provided evidence to support the better effectiveness of EMAL- brand over MATCH- brand. As EMAL has less viscosity, very good redispersibility, larger zone of inhibition. By observing all of these properties we can conclude that EMAL is a better formulation than MATCH, and can show better antimalarial property in patient suffering from Plasmodium malaria.

Keywords: Antimalarial, Plasmodium species, Zone of inhibition, Indications, Mortality, Half-life
The Synthetic Hilbert Space of Laser-Driven Free-Electrons
Authors: Braiman Guy , Reinhardt Ori , Mechel Chen , Levi Omer , Kaminer Ido
Published: January 2023

Recent advances in laser interactions with coherent free electrons have enabled to shape the electron's quantum state. Each electron becomes a superposition of energy levels on an infinite quantized ladder, shown to contain up to thousands of energy levels. We propose to utilize the quantum nature of such laser-driven free electrons as a "synthetic Hilbert space" in which we construct and control qudits (quantum digits). The question that motivates our work is what qudit states can be accessed using electron-laser interactions, and whether it is possible to implement any arbitrary quantum gate. We find how to encode and manipulate free-electron qudit states, focusing on dimensions which are powers of 2, where the qudit represents multiple qubits implemented on the same single electron – algebraically separated, but physically joined. As an example, we prove the possibility to fully control a 4-dimenisonal qudit, and reveal the steps required for full control over any arbitrary dimension. Our work enriches the range of applications of free electrons in microscopy and spectroscopy, offering a new platform for continuous-variable quantum information.
KLUSTER KOMODITI UNGGULAN PERKEBUNAN KABUPATEN SIMEULUE PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Handayani Sri , Nasution Aswin
Published: January 2023

Perkebunan diyakini memiliki potensi yang kuat dalam mendorong pembangunan perekonomian wilayah dengan menciptakan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan percepatan pembangunan.  Agar tujuan pembangunan  perkebunan dapat tercapai maka perlu dilakukan pengembangan komoditi unggulan perkebunan daerah dengan memperhatikan potensi daerah melalui pengklusteran komoditi dan wilayah pengembangan.  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat potret komoditi unggulan perkebunan di Kabupaten Simeulue dengan menggunakan analisis Location Quetion (LQ) dan Shift Share Analysis (SSA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara berurutan komoditi unggulan perkebunan di Kabupaten Simeulue adalah pala, kakao, karet, pinang, kelapa, sagu dan cengkeh.  Namun berdasarkan nilai penjualan komoditi unggulan dalam mendukung perekonomian secara berurutan adalah cengkeh, kelapa, kelapa sawit, pala, kakao, karet, pinang dan sagu.  Komoditi prioritas pengembangan utama di Kabupaten Simeulue adalah karet, pala, kelapa sawit, kakao dan cengkeh. Prioritas pengembangan kedua adalah kelapa, kakao, cengkeh, pinang, pala, karet dan sagu. Prioritas pengembangan ketiga adalah pinang, sagu dan kelapa. Komoditi perkebunan unggulan berdasarkan keunggulan dan nilai penjualan komoditi terbagi dalam empat kelompok yaitu kelompok (I) keunggulan rendah - harga jual bagus adalah cengkeh; kelompok (II) keunggulan rendah – harga jual tidak bagus adalah kelapa, sagu dan kelapa sawit; kelompok (III) keunggulan tinggi – harga jual tidak bagus adalah pala, kakao, karet dan pinang. Tidak ada komoditi unggulan yang masuk pada kelompok (IV) yaitu keunggulan tinggi dan harga jual bagus.