bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering and design of promising T-cell-based multi-epitope vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis
Authors: Basmenj Esmaeil Roohparvar , Arastonejad Mahshid , Mamizadeh Mina , Alem Mahsa , KhalatbariLimaki Mahdi , Ghiabi Shadan , Khamesipour Ali , Majidiani Hamidreza , Shams Morteza , Irannejad Hamid
Published: November 2023

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a very common parasitic infection in subtropical areas worldwide. Throughout decades, there have been challenges in vaccine design and vaccination against CL. The present study introduced novel T-cell-based vaccine candidates containing IFN-γ Inducing epitopic fragments from Leishmania major (L. major) glycoprotein 46 (gp46), cathepsin L-like and B-like proteases, histone H2A, glucose-regulated protein 78 (grp78) and stress-inducible protein 1 (STI-1). For this aim, top-ranked human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-specific, IFN-γ Inducing, antigenic, CD4+ and CD8+ binders were highlighted. Four vaccine candidates were generated using different spacers (AAY, GPGPG, GDGDG) and adjuvants (RS-09 peptide, human IFN-γ, a combination of both, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resuscitation promoting factor E (RpfE)). Based on the immune simulation profile, those with RS-09 peptide (Leish-App) and RpfE (Leish-Rpf) elicited robust immune responses and their tertiary structure were further refined. Also, molecular docking of the selected vaccine models with the human toll-like receptor 4 showed proper interactions, particularly for Leish-App, for which molecular dynamics simulations showed a stable connection with TLR-4. Upon codon optimization, both models were finally ligated into the pET28a( +) vector. In conclusion, two potent multi-epitope vaccine candidates were designed against CL and evaluated using comprehensive in silico methods, while further wet experiments are, also, recommended.
Identification of a cholesterol metabolism-related prognostic signature for multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhao Na , Qu Chunxia , Yang Yan , Li Huihui , Li Yueyue , Zhu Hongbo , Long Zhiguo
Published: November 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent hematological malignancy that poses significant challenges for treatment. Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism has been linked to tumorigenesis, disease progression, and therapy resistance. However, the correlation between cholesterol metabolism-related genes (CMGs) and the prognosis of MM remains unclear. Univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO Cox regression analysis were applied to construct an overall survival-related signature based on the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The signature was validated using three external datasets. Enrichment analysis and immune analysis were performed between two risk groups. Furthermore, an optimal nomogram was established for clinical application, and its performance was assessed by the calibration curve and C-index. A total of 6 CMGs were selected to establish the prognostic signature, including ANXA2, CHKA, NSDHL, PMVK, SCAP and SQLE. The prognostic signature demonstrated good prognostic performance and correlated with several important clinical parameters, including number of transplants, International Staging System, albumin, beta2-Microglobulin and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The function analysis and immune analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways and immunologic status were associated with risk score. The nomogram incorporating the signature along with other clinical characteristics was constructed and the discrimination was verified by the calibration curve and C-index. Our findings indicated the potential prognostic connotation of cholesterol metabolism in MM. The development and validation of the prognostic signature is expected to aid in predicting prognosis and guiding precision treatment for MM.
Aerosol assisted synthesis of a pH responsive curcumin anticancer drug nanocarrier using chitosan and alginate natural polymers
Authors: Asadi Sepideh , Madrakian Tayyebeh , Ahmadi Mazaher , Aguirre Miguel Ángel , Afkhami Abbas , Uroomiye Seyed Sepehr , Ghaffari Fatemeh , Ranjbar Akram
Published: November 2023

In recent years, several nanocarrier synthesis methods have been developed. In cancer therapy, the use of smart nanocarriers is of interest. Smart nanocarriers respond to their environment and can release their cargo in a controlled manner under the action of internal or external stimuli. In this work, we report on the development of an aerosol-assisted method for the synthesis of curcumin-loaded chitosan/alginate-based polymeric nanocarrier (CurNCs). A custom-fabricated multi-nebulizer system was utilized for the synthesis of CurNCs. The developed system comprises three main parts a sprayer, an electric heater tunnel, and a collector. Curcumin and chitosan solutions were sprayed using a pneumatic multinebulizer into the electric heater tunnel to form chitosan-curcumin assemblies. Then, the aerosol was guided into the collector solution containing sodium alginate and tri-poly phosphate aqueous solution for further cross-linkage. The synthesized CurNCs were characterized using TEM, DLS, and FTIR techniques. The TEM size of the nanoparticles was 8.62 ± 2.25 nm. The release experiments revealed that the nanocarrier is sensitive to the environment pH as more curcumin is released at acidic pH values (as is the case for cancerous tissues) compared to physiological pH. The curcumin content of the nanocarrier was 77.27 mg g−1 with a drug loading efficiency of 62%. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized nanocarrier was evaluated against the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. The IC50 concentrations for CurNCs and curcumin were obtained as 14.86 and 16.45 mg mL−1, respectively. The results showed that while the empty nanocarrier shows non-significant cytotoxicity, the CurNCs impact the cell culture and cause prolonged cell deaths. Overall, pH-responsive curcumin polymeric nanocarrier was synthesized using a custom fabricated aerosol-based method. The method enabled fast and feasible synthesis of the nanocarrier with high efficiency.
Historical and future trends in South Asian monsoon low pressure systems in a high-resolution model ensemble
Authors: Vishnu S. , Boos William R. , Collins William D.
Published: November 2023

Historical trends in monsoon low pressure systems (LPS), the dominant rain-bearing weather system of South Asia, have been difficult to assess due to changes in the observing network. Future projections have also remained uncertain because prior studies concluded that many coarse-resolution climate models do not accurately simulate LPS. Here, we examine changes in South Asian monsoon LPS simulated by an ensemble of global models, including some with high spatial resolution, that we show skillfully represent LPS. In the ensemble mean, the number of strong LPS (monsoon depressions) decreased over the last 65 years (1950–2014) by about 15% while no trend was detected for weaker LPS (monsoon lows). The reduction in depression counts then moderated, yielding no trend in the periods 1980–2050 or 2015–2050. The ensemble mean projects a shift in genesis from ocean to land and an increase in LPS precipitation of at least 7% K−1, which together contribute to a projected increase in seasonal mean and extreme precipitation over central India.
Local resonance bandgap control in a particle-aligned magnetorheological metamaterial
Authors: Moghaddaszadeh Mohammadreza , Ragonese Andrew , Hu Yong , Guo Zipeng , Aref Amjad , Zhou Chi , Ren Shenqiang , Nouh Mostafa
Published: November 2023

Stimuli-responsive elastic metamaterials augment unique subwavelength features and wave manipulation capabilities with a degree of tunability, which enables them to cut across different time scales and frequency regimes. Here, we present an experimental framework for robust local resonance bandgap control enabled by enhanced magneto-mechanical coupling properties of a magnetorheological elastomer, serving as the resonating stiffness of a metamaterial cell. During the curing process, ferromagnetic particles in the elastomeric matrix are aligned under the effect of an external magnetic field. As a result, particle chains with preferred orientation form along the field direction. The resulting anisotropic behavior significantly boosts the sensitivity of the metamaterial’s elastic modulus to the imposed field during operation, which is then exploited to control the dispersive dynamics and experimentally shift the location and width of the resonance-based bandgap along the frequency axis. Finally, numerical simulations are used to project the performance of the magnetically-tunable metamaterial at stronger magnetic fields and increased levels of material anisotropy, as a blueprint for broader implementations of in situ tunable active metamaterials.
Pathways in permanganate oxidation of mandelic acid: reactivity and selectivity of intermediate manganese species
Authors: Hovey Tanden A. , Mishra Disha , Singh Manveer , Anaya Grecia , Owusu Chantele , Barvian Nicole C. , Sorauf Kellen J. , Patro Mata Dambarudhar , Panigrahi Akhil K. , Mahapatro Surendra N.
Published: November 2023

This study reports on the role of intermediates in permanganate oxidation of a model hydroxy-acid. It is significant in the context of wastewater treatment for contaminant abatement and water quality.
Expression of Concern: Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells based on Zn1−xSnxO nanocomposite photoanodes
Authors: El-Shazly Ayat Nasr , Shalan Ahmed Esmail , Rashad Mohamed Mohamed , Abdel-Aal Elsayed Ali , Ibrahim Ibrahim Ahmed , El-Shahat Mohamed F.
Published: November 2023

Expression of Concern for ‘Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells based on Zn1−xSnxO nanocomposite photoanodes’ by Ayat Nasr El-Shazly et al., RSC Adv., 2018,8, 24059–24067, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02852d.
Expression of Concern: Statistical optimization of photo-induced biofabrication of silver nanoparticles using the cell extract of Oscillatoria limnetica: insight on characterization and antioxidant potentiality
Authors: Abo-Elmagd Rasha A. , Hussein Mervat H. , Hamouda Ragaa A. , Shalan Ahmed Esmail , Abdelrazak Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Expression of Concern for ‘Statistical optimization of photo-induced biofabrication of silver nanoparticles using the cell extract of Oscillatoria limnetica: insight on characterization and antioxidant potentiality’ by Rasha A. Abo-Elmagd et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 44232–44246, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA08206F.
Expression of Concern: Convenient conversion of hazardous nitrobenzene derivatives to aniline analogues by Ag nanoparticles, stabilized on a naturally magnetic pumice/chitosan substrate
Authors: Taheri-Ledari Reza , Shadi Mirmohammadi Seyedeh , Valadi Kobra , Maleki Ali , Esmail Shalan Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Expression of Concern for ‘Convenient conversion of hazardous nitrobenzene derivatives to aniline analogues by Ag nanoparticles, stabilized on a naturally magnetic pumice/chitosan substrate’ by Reza Taheri-Ledari et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 43670–43681, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA08376C.
Expression of concern: Synthesis and characterization of a new ZIF-67@MgAl2O4 nanocomposite and its adsorption behaviour
Authors: Davoodi Mehdi , Davar Fatemeh , Rezayat Mohammad R. , Jafari Mohammad T. , Bazarganipour Mehdi , Shalan Ahmed Esmail
Published: November 2023

Expression of concern for ‘Synthesis and characterization of a new ZIF-67@MgAl2O4 nanocomposite and its adsorption behaviour’ by Mehdi Davoodi et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 13245–13255, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA01056E
Rapid discovery of terpene tailoring enzymes for total biosynthesis
Authors: Sun Yunlong , Gerke Jennifer , Becker Kevin , Kuhnert Eric , Verwaaijen Bart , Wibberg Daniel , Kalinowski Jörn , Stadler Marc , Cox Russell J.
Published: November 2023

Twenty oxygenated aristolochene congeners were rapidly synthesised by combining genes from four different fungal pathways in the fungal host organism Aspergillus oryzae.
Dense cuprous oxide sheath decorated three-dimensional copper foam enabling stable lithium metal anodes
Authors: Liu Chengcai , Wu Borong , Zhang Yuanxing , Liu Tao , Cui Jingwen , Huang Lingjun , Tan Guoqiang , Zhang Ling , Su Yuefeng , Wu Feng
Published: November 2023

A 3D composite collector comprising lithiophilic Cu2O coated CF was synthesized using a simple, one-step hydrothermal synthesis. A dense and uniform coating layer with an appropriate thickness is essential for achieving smooth lithium deposition.
Miniaturised integrated passive device balun design with balanced amplitude and phase for Wi‐Fi applications
Authors: Ren Qixiang , Cao Yazi , Yuan Bo , Qi Yanzhu , Chen Shichang , Wang Gaofeng
Published: November 2023

A miniaturised integrated passive device (IPD) balun design with low insertion loss and balanced amplitude and phase is proposed for Wi‐Fi/Bluetooth applications. In this design, a novel topology based on the modified T‐type filter structure is introduced to offset the parasitic and coupling effects that cause poor balance in IPD design. The proposed balun design is fabricated on a GaAs substrate. The measured insertion loss is lower than 0.9 dB and the measured return loss is >16 dB in the frequency range of 2.2–2.9 GHz. The measured results of amplitude and phase show rather minor imbalances, which are lower than ±0.67 dB and ±1.8° respectively. The fabricated device size is 0.9 mm × 0.6 mm only.
Application of Oligosaccharides to Induce Innate Immunity in Plants
Authors: Cai Mengrui , Zhang Song , Su Le , Li Baojun , Li Fujia , Borrás-Hidalgo Orlando , Sun Xin , Su Qun , Sun Lei , Zhao Chen , Zhao Lin
Published: November 2023

Plants have innate immune systems and protective mechanisms to resist the attack of pathogenic microorganisms. Unlike mammals, they lack mobile defensive cells and therefore rely on autonomous cell events for protection. These cells have a wide range of recognition capabilities for detecting pathogens, thus filling the gap of the adaptive immune system. These protective mechanisms will remain inactive or latent until they are activated after exposure to inducers or application of stimuli. Only after they are affected by pathogens or the same elicitors do they begin to show an active state. The role of oligosaccharides in plant immunity is gradually attracting widespread attention. Therefore, this paper summarizes the functions of oligosaccharides related to plant immunity and provides examples of induced defense events. The recognition of sugar molecules as signal molecules in plants has also been proposed. In this review, we focus on the development andapplication of oligosaccharides in plant immunity and their potential value in agricultural field.
Simulation and experimental on the quick-freezing of diced mango by dry ice spray
Authors: Ning Jinghong , Zhu Sen , Song Zhipeng , Ren Ziliang , Sun Luyao
Published: November 2023

In order to improve the quality of quick-frozen diced mango, a cylindrical quick-frozen container with dry ice spray is designed, the temperature field and velocity field of diced mango sprayed by dry ice in quick-freezing tank are simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics. The effects of different inlet velocities (0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 and 0.40m/s), on the quick-freezing process of diced mango are studied. The results show that with the increase of the inlet velocity of dry ice, the time for diced mango to meet the requirements of quick freezing is continuously shortened, and the outlet solid fraction fluctuates within a certain range. When the inlet velocity is 0.25m/s, the inlet radius is 15mm and the size of diced mango is 10mm, the quick-freezing effect is the best. By the experimental verification, the average errors of surface temperature and core temperature of diced mango to meet the requirements of quick freezing are 3.9% and 3.8% respectively. The results lay a foundation for the popularization and application of dry ice spray quick frozen diced mango.
Optimization of enzymatic-assisted ultrasonic extraction process of total flavonoids from Sedum aizoon L. and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Yin Qin , Batbatan Christopher G.
Published: November 2023

In order to optimize the enzymatic-assisted ultrasonic extraction method of total flavonoids from Sedum aizoon L., the effects of solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time, and ultrasound power on the extraction rate were investigated by single factor experiment. The optimum technological conditions for enzymatic-assisted ultrasonic extraction of total flavonoids from Sedum aizoon L. were as follows: solid-liquid ratio 1:55 (g/mL), ethanol volume fraction 60%, extraction temperature 45°C, extraction time 2 5 min, and ultrasound power 150 W. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of total flavonoids from Sedum aizoon L. could reach 10.77%. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Sedum aizoon L. was positively correlated with the concentration, and the greater the concentration, the stronger the antioxidant capacity. At a concentration of 0.96 mg/mL, the scavenging rate of the DPPH• radical reached 67.5%. The scavenging rate of the ABTs+• radical reached 55.8% at a concentration of 1.92 mg/mL.
Investigating the Hypolipidemic Mechanism of Anthocyanins Combined with Allicin in Rats Using Network Pharmacology
Authors: Sun Liuqing , Zhu Chaofeng , He Jiangqin
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Using network pharmacology methods, investigate the potential lipid-lowering mechanism of the combination of anthocyanins and allicin in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: Apply databases such as Pubchem, SwissTargetPrediction, TCMSP, DrugBank and BATMAN-TCM to predict potential targets for anthocyanins and allicin. Additionally, targets connected to hyperlipidemia were found in multiple databases (GeneCards, OMIM, Drugbank, and TTD). Upload the discovered drug-disease intersection targets into the database of STRING in order to construct a common target protein-protein interactions network (PPI). To find important targets, a PPI network analysis was built using Cytoscape 3.9.1. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enriched and analyzed these common drug-disease targets. In order to further confirm the key targets of anthocyanins combined with allicin in hyperlipidemia, animal experiments were conducted. Results: There are 63 potential targets for the combined effect of anthocyanins and allicin on hyperlipidemia. The PPI topology analysis results found that TNF, IL-6, AKT1, PTGS2, GSK3B, EGFR, etc. are the main key targets. The main pathways included PI3K-Akt, JAK-STAT, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, HIF-1and MAPK signaling pathway. The animal experiments results revealed that anthocyanins combined with allicin can improve blood lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats and decrease the serum levels of inflammatory factors. Conclusion: Anthocyanins combined with allicin can intervene in hyperlipidemia through a variety of targets and pathways. This research offers a theoretical reference for the investigation of the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia and the production of functional foods.
The Nauclea, Tristaniopsis, and Terminalia forests: Exploring the lesser-known biotopes of Agusan Marsh, Philippines
Authors: Sarmiento Roger , Varela Rowena
Published: November 2023

The peat swamp forest of Agusan Marsh is characterized by the dominance of a unique and conspicuous assemblage of tree species across different habitat types. Understanding the species richness, diversity, structural patterns, and distribution of these types of forests is crucial for maintaining ecosystem stability and conservation. This study describes three less-explored biotopes dominated by Bangkal (Nauclea orientalis L.), Dangilas (Tristaniopsis decorticata Merr.), and Lanipau (Terminalia copelandii Elmer), using a purposive random sampling method. Across the three sites, 22 tree species, belonging to 17 families and 21 genera, were recorded. Tree density was recorded as the maximum at the Tristaniopsis biotope (650 individuals ha-1) and the minimum at the Terminalia biotope (367 individuals ha-1). The maximum total basal area (162.93 m2 ha-1) was re-recorded in the Tristaniopsis biotope and the minimum area in the Nauclea biotope stand (17.3 m2 ha-1). The ANOVA results for stand DBH, tree density, species richness, species diversity, and species evenness varied significantly among biotope types. The Tristaniopsis biotope had the highest species richness and diversity among the three sites. All stands exhibited a high community dependence on forest resources, which may have increased the vulnerability of the forest to human interference, thus necessitating immediate attention to conservation. Site-specific management and conservation measures are proposed to provide opportunities for sustainable forest management.
Distribution of Pycnonotidae at Padang Chong Forest Reserve, Perak
Authors: Appanan Manoshini , Azman Mohammad Shahfiz , Ahmad Ruzman Nor Hazwani , Zam Beri Anis Zafirah , Azahar Muhammad Asyraff , MD Fauzi Noor Faradiana , Baharudin Muhammad Syaridzwan , Eliah Azrul Ekhuan , Kamaruzzaman Mohd Faiz
Published: November 2023

There is not much information on avifauna especially Pycnonotidae at Padang Chong Forest Reserve (PCFR). Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify and document species from Pycnonotidae family at PCFR. A total of five sampling sessions were carried out from June to November 2022. Surveys were carried out at two plots along the gradient from the border of PCFR namely Plot 1 (500 m) and Plot 2 (1 km) each plot consist of transect line 100 m x 100 m (1 ha). Ten mist nets were deployed at each plot for five consecutive days per sampling session. Binoculars and cameras were aided for observation purposes. As a result, a total of 25 individuals from 9 species were recorded where 10 individuals (Plot 1) and 15 individuals (Plot 2) respectively. Species, Grey-bellied Bulbul were mostly recorded (8 individuals), followed by Spectacled Bulbul and Hairy-backed Bulbul (5 individuals), Grey-cheeked Bulbul (2 individuals), and Buff-vented Bulbul, Stripe-throated Bulbul, Cream-vented Bulbul, Black-headed Bulbul, and Olive-winged Bulbul are recorded one individual. Based on the species accumulative curve, the species composition is not reaching the plateau which indicates more sampling sessions are needed for Pycnonotidae at PCFR. In Plot 1, two bulbul species were recorded namely Spectacled Bulbul (LC) and the Grey-cheeked Bulbul (VU). In Plot 2 recorded the presence of Buff-vented Bulbul (NT), Stripe-throated Bulbul (LC), Cream-vented Bulbul (LC), and Hairy-backed Bulbul (LC). PCFR plays its role in providing a habitat for avifauna and resources to survive. Therefore, conservation efforts must be taken immediately to ensure this reserve is preserved and conserved.
Species Composition of Rodents at Padang Chong Forest Reserve, Perak
Authors: Zam Beri Anis Zafirah , Azman Mohammad Shahfiz , Ahmad Ruzman Nor Hazwani , Azahar Muhammad Asyraff , Appanan Manoshini , Munian Kaviarasu , Mahyudin Nur Aina Amira , Eliah Azrul Ekhuan , Kamaruzzaman Mohd Faiz
Published: November 2023

There are at least four families of rodents identified in Peninsular Malaysia namely Muridae, Sciuridae, Hystricidae, and Rhyzomidae. Although rodents are widespread throughout Peninsular Malaysia, information on rodents at Padang Chong Forest Reserve (PCFR) is scarce. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify and document the species composition of rodents at PCFR. Samplings were carried out at two plots along the gradient from the border of PCFR namely Plot 1 (500m) and Plot 2 (1km). The size of the respective plot is 1ha with 10 transect lines (AJ), 100m in length separately. These plots were sampled for five times from June to November 2022. Based on this study, a total of 65 individuals from nine species of rodent were documented. These nine species were identified from two families namely, Muridae (5 spp) and Sciuridae (4 spp). Of these,Leopoldamys sabanuswas recorded as the highest captured species (25 individuals), followed byMaxomys whiteheadi(19 individuals) andCallosciurus notatus(7 individuals). There is no significant difference in terms of species composition between these plots, Plot 1 (n=33) and Plot 2 (n=32), which further supported by t-test value result (t-test=0.928; p(value)> 0.05). However, there is a single representative ofSundamys muellericaptured in Plot 1 which prefers the riverine area (around 10m).Callosciurus notatuswere captured most in Plot 2 (6 individuals) compared to Plot 1 (1 individual). Certain areas nearby to Plot 2 were opened for agricultural purposes which explained the existence of this species at Plot 2. From this information, it is hoped that further actions can be taken to conserve the area to ensure the small mammal communities are preserved.
Assessing well-being in forest dependent communities: A case study of Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve, Terengganu
Authors: Abdullah Mukrimah , Mamat Mohd Parid , Tuan Hussain Faten Naseha , Mohamad Muslim Huda Farhana , Wan Abdullah Wan Radzi
Published: November 2023

Forest ecosystem services provide wide range of benefits not only to the environment and economy but also to the social aspect. For generations local communities had received benefits from forest ecosystem services to sustain their livelihood, where over 2.4 billion people all over the world still depend on forest ecosystem for food, source of raw water, medicines and also income generation. Which made the forest become fundamental to the livelihoods and well-being of the people, especially for those who live within and adjacent of forest boundaries. These people are called “forest-dependent communities”. A case study in 2022 was conducted to assess the well-being of forest dependent communities specifically at Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve, Terengganu. The study employed few data collections (including rapid rural appraisal, focus group discussion and household survey) among peripheral communities from seven (7) villages. The primary data for social survey were collected from 700 households by using structured questionnaire. The results show the respondents’ average income was RM2,920/month with 10.6% of forest dependency. Other than that, the poverty level of these communities may increase up to 20%, if the income from the forest is eliminated. Therefore, the exploration and implementation of alternative forest management such as social forestry practices are important to ensure the needs for conservation and development is balanced especially at Gunung Tebu, Terengganu.
Determination Factors of Roadside Tree Species Selection Model for Sustainable Smart City
Authors: Hasan Ramly , Wan Mohamad Wan Saiful Nizam , Awang Ayub , Chek Sulaiman Firdaus , Zahari Ruzaini
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to determine the factors that are essential in developing Malaysian Roadside tree selection species model for a sustainable smart city. Two objectives have been formulated; (i) to identify the current practices in selecting roadside trees and (ii) to explore the factors affecting in developing roadside tree species model. The methodology used in the study is in-depth interviews and collecting archival data. Thirty of landscape architects and related expertise will be sorted by random sampling at Klang Valley area. The study emphasised the consideration of landscape, arboriculture, forestry and academician practices that consider the long-term benefits and impacts of planting roadside trees. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the factors that should be considered when selecting tree species for roadside planting in city areas. Fifteen (15) important factors has been identified that is size and growth habit, native and local species, adaptability, maintenance and requirements, wind resistance, non-invasive roots, canopy density, soil requirements, aesthetic value, wildlife support, cultural significance, stakeholder input, longevity, urban tolerance, pest and disease resistance. The results can be used to guide the related parties and promote sustainable development in cities.
The Quantitative Geomorphology of Upper Citarik Watershed and Its Implication to the Flash Flood Potential
Authors: Rendra Pradnya Paramarta Raditya , Sukiyah Emi , Hadian Mohamad Sapari Dwi , Daliman Shaparas Binti , Sulaksana Nana
Published: November 2023

The research area is the Upper Citarik Watershed, located in the eastern Bandung Basin, West Java, Indonesia. This research aims to identify the quantitative geomorphology, especially the morphometry of the Upper Citarik Watershed, and its implication for the potential of flash floods. This research was conducted through a studio analysis with the support of thematic maps such as geological and slope maps. The parameters used in this morphometry calculation consist of linear aspects (stream order, stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio, bifurcation ratio, and mean bifurcation ratio); areal aspect (drainage density, drainage texture, form factor, ratio of circularity, ratio of elongation, and length of overland flow); and relief aspects (watershed relief and relief ratio). The research results show that the Upper Citarik Watershed consists of 17 sub-watersheds that share relatively similar characteristics, including elongated shape with high relief and rather steep - steep slopes. It is predominantly composed of volcanic rocks and slow rising of flash flood. It shows that from a quantitative geomorphology perspective, the research area has high resistance to flash floods. Land use changes need to be a concern to prevent a significant decrease in the ability of land to deal with the flash floods.
Assessment of Copper and Zinc Concentrations in Anadara granosa
Authors: Idris Nor Shahirul Umirah , Jamil Sarafiza , Zakaria Nur Najwa , Tatazi Muhammad Syamil Taufiq , Abdul Halim Nurul Syazana , Muhamad Nor Amal Najihah , Zulkifli Zarith Sofia
Published: November 2023

Due to economic growth and increased human activities, large amounts of metal pollutants have been discharged into the aquatic environment. Anadara granosa, which is a filter feeder cockle species, can act as an indicator to evaluate the presence of metal elements. It is a prominent cockle species and an important protein source in Southeast Asia. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the distributions of metal elements in commercialised Anadara granosa sampled from Jeli wet market, and to assess the safety of consumption using Target Hazard Quotients (THQ). The concentrations of Cu, and Zn in those samples were determined using the acid digestion method, which has been verified with standard reference material. Based on the findings, metal concentrations in Anadara granosa followed the order of; Zn > Cu. The differences in metal accumulation observed in Anadara granosa were probably due to the differences in their environmental conditions. Results from preliminary risk assessments suggest that the risks posed by metals via consumption of Anadara granosa for Cu and Zn were within the tolerable region. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) of, Cu and Zn was < 1, indicating no potential human health risk. However, it is advisable to limit the intake of Anadara granosa to reduce the risk of potential health effects.
Exploring the impact of environmental factors on soundscape perception for sustainable and resilient urban environments
Authors: Abdul Hamid Nor Hamizah , Zainal Abdullah Muhamad Ezran , Mohamed Syahidah Amni , Othmani Nurul Izzati , Yeo Lee Bak , Wan Mohamad Wan Saiful Nizam , Ramlee Noorliyana , Sukri Siti Nurul Diana
Published: November 2023

The impacts of global climate change are becoming increasingly alarming, highlighting the need for sustainable urbanism practices. The soundscape has been identified as crucial for achieving sustainable development goals. Using an ergo-aesthetic framework, this research aims to investigate the impact of weather conditions and sound levels on soundscape perception in urban shopping streets. Data was collected through a soundscape survey (n = 411) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, based on the ISO12913-2 technical specification standards. The result from multivariate analysis of variance revealed that weather and sound level significantly influenced soundscape perception. Based on analysis of variance, a significant difference in perception was found between low and high levels of loudness, with high levels of loudness having a significantly higher perception. It is observed that users tend to have a stronger preference for an "appropriateness" soundscape in urban shopping streets during cloudy weather conditions based on multiple comparison analysis. The participants generally reported feeling acoustically comfortable with lower temperatures in cloudy weather, possibly due to the increased cloud coverage acting as a form of background noise absorber, thereby enhancing the perceived appropriateness of the soundscape. These findings contribute to understanding soundscapes in creating sustainable and resilient urban environments.
Effect of blending ratio of biofuel from used cooking oil with Dexlite
Authors: Monde Junety , Ira Kumalasari Prapti , Fauzan Akhmad , Lutfi Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Indonesia is committed to accelerating the clean energy transition through the biodiesel policy to achieve net zero emission. The commitment to use palm oil as a biofuel base material will support Indonesia in achieving its energy security and energy mix target of 23% in 2025. This article discussed the characteristics of the blended fuel between biofuel from used cooking oil and Dexlite from PERTAMINA products. The blending process is carried out with the biofuel: Dexlite ratio as follows: 5:95, 10:90, 15:85 20:80, 25:75 and 30:70. The results revealed that the best experiments for acid number were obtained at the B5 blending ratio of 0.039 mgKOH/(g sample), saponification number at the B5 blending ratio of 1.066 mgKOH/(g sample), flash point at the B20 blending ratio at a temperature of 101°C, 90% distillation at the B10 blending ratio at a temperature of 213°C, and the density at the blending ratio B15 is 837 kg/m3. From these results, only the density parameter does not meet the biodiesel quality standards based on SNI 7182:2015. These results indicate that the addition of 30% biofuel to Dexlite can still be used as a fuel for diesel vehicles by applying a better washing method for KOH catalyst residue and unreacted methanol residue.
Impact of COVID-19 Restriction Measures on Ambient PM10 Concentrations during Universiti Putra Malaysia Convocation
Authors: Fauzi Muhammad ‘Afif Fayyadh , Zainordin Nazatul Syadia , Mohd Amran Mohammad Ammar Izzan , Khairuddin Siti Khadijah , Jeff Jenny Awalina , Jime Dominik
Published: November 2023

The outbreak of COVID-19 resulted in many significant restricted social and economic activities. The pandemic provided unprecedented natural experiment in which the study was specifically conducted to investigate the impact on particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm (PM10) resulting from the restriction measures taken by the university management to manage COVID-19 during convocation. PM10 and meteorological parameters (ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) were monitored using TSI Dusttrak aerosol monitor and Kestrel 4500, respectively. Traffic volume was also considered as the significant source of air pollutants due to higher number of vehicles during the event. Two sets of data were collected during peak hours (7.30-9.30 a.m., 12.30-14.30 p.m. and 16.30-18.30 p.m.) on normal working days (before the outbreak in 2018) and during the convocation (after the outbreak in 2022) at two monitoring points along the major road of Persiaran Universiti 1. The results showed that ambient PM10 concentrations were remarkably reduced by ~65-84%, especially during afternoon peak hours. Parking space allocated far from the main hall area contributed to lower PM10 concentrations. From the parking space, graduands were required to either walk with guidance or take the provided university buses to go to the main hall. Pearson correlation analysis showed that PM10 concentrations have significant relationship with the meteorological parameters (p<0.05). However, in terms of traffic emission, it does not necessarily influence solely by the vehicles. From the observation, walking activities by the graduands, students, visitors, etc. around the monitoring areas also contributed to the dust uplifting, hence influencing the level of PM10. The study elucidated the influence of COVID-19 restriction measures on PM10 concentrations which can be a steppingstone towards a better management in reducing the pollutant in the future convocation events.
Photocatalytic degradation of glyphosate using TiO2/Al2O3/CNT
Authors: Nik Yusoff Nik Raihan , Roslee Aisyah Zahirah , Mohd Ghazi Rozidaini , Jani Musfiroh , Nik Yusoff Nik Nurul Anis
Published: November 2023

Excessive use of glyphosate in agriculture has a negative impact on the environment because it causes runoff, which affects water sources and causes pollution. Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) is the method for resolving water contamination concerns, and photocatalytic degradation using TiO2/Al2O3/CNT nanocomposites has been observed to be a reliable solution for degrading glyphosate. The photocatalyst of TiO2/Al2O3/CNT nanocomposite was prepared using various ratios which were 70:20:10, 70:29:1 and 70:30:0. These photocatalysts TiO2/Al2O3/CNT were prepared using hydrothermal process. The prepared TiO2/Al2O3/CNT photocatalyst nanocomposite has been applied to degrade glyphosate in order to assess its performance. Hence, the effect of initial glyphosate concentration and amount of photocatalyst used during photocatalytic degradation of glyphosate were investigated. This study found that 20 mg of 70:30:0 ratio TiO2/Al2O3/CNT nanocomposite photocatalyst gave the highest percentage degradation of 5 mg/L of glyphosate which was 84.9%. The lowest degradation percentage for 5 mg/L of glyphosate was 68.2% using the 5 mg of ratio 70:20:10 TiO2/Al2O3/CNT nanocomposite photocatalyst. Finally, the prepared photocatalyst was beneficial in degrading herbicide.
Effect of bean sprout on in vitro multiplication of Musa acuminata
Authors: Rosdeen Muhammad Izzat , Abu Bakar Tengku Halimatun Sa’adiah T. , Kayat Fatimah , Md Zain Norhafizah , Muhamad Noor Maryana , Appalasamy Suganthi , Zakaria Suhana
Published: November 2023

Musa acuminata or Pisang Berangan is popular in Kelantan, but due to a lack of knowledge on modern farming technologies, many Musa acuminata are affected by diseases and are of low quality. Plant tissue culture has numerous advantages, including a rapid rate of multiplication, and the prevention of disease. Plant growth regulator such as Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) is commonly used in media to grow banana explants, however, Murashige and Skoog (MS) media production with BAP hormone is expensive for low-income farmers. Therefore, this research had been done by substituting the BAP hormone by using bean sprout extract as an organic supplement for banana culture. The additives that were used in this project were non-centrifuged and centrifuged bean sprout extracts at different concentrations, which were 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% applied in the MS media. Data were collected based on number of leaves, length of leaves and length of roots. In this study, the positive control treatment with MS + 5 mg/L BAP media recorded the highest mean value in the number of leaves, length of leaves, and length of roots with values of 12.5 ± 0.59, 5.69 ± 0.13cm, and 6.45 ± 0.36cm respectively followed by MS media with centrifuged bean sprout extract. From the observation, the bean sprout has the potential to use as an additive for Musa acuminata media to substitute synthetic hormones such as BAP.
Vitamin D Alleviates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Mitigating Oxidative Stress-Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Impairment
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhang Yuanjun , Shi Derong , He Cuihuan , Xia Guanghao
Published: November 2023

Objective Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder with rising incidence worldwide. This study explored the anti-T2DM role of vitamin D, thereby providing novel therapeutic strategies.

Methods C57BL/6 J mice and MIN6 cells were used to induce in vivo T2DM and damaged β-cell models, respectively. Body weights, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin were measured in mice. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted on mice. Lipid indices (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C) were detected in mouse serum. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate pancreatic tissue injury. ELISA was used to assess insulin and oxidative stress (OS) markers (MDA, GSH, and SOD) in mice and MIN6 cells. Production of ROS was detected in islet β-cells and MIN6 cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. QRT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers (CHOP and GRP78), respectively.

Results Vitamin D reduced body weights, fasting blood glucose, and insulin and ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in T2DM mice. Besides, vitamin D decreased serum TG, TC, LDL-C, and increased HDL-C in T2DM mice. Vitamin D inhibited pancreatic histopathological injury, cell apoptosis, OS, and β-cell decline in T2DM mice. Moreover, vitamin D alleviated cell death, insufficient insulin secretion, inflammation, OS, and ERS in damaged MIN6 cells. Notably, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (an OS inhibitor) enhanced these effects of vitamin D.

Conclusions Vitamin D relieved T2DM symptoms by alleviating OS-induced β-cell impairment.
Intracranial Cavernous Malformation with Concomitant Isolated Cerebral Mucormycosis Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Sengar Pratishtha , Pandey Nityanand , Kailashiya Vikas , Singh Varun Kumar
Published: November 2023

Cerebral cavernous malformation is an angiographically occult, well-circumscribed, benign hamartoma consisting of thin-walled sinusoidal vascular channels. Intracranial mucormycosis represents one of the most severe manifestations of mucor infection. We, hereby, report a case of cavernous malformation made rarer with concomitant mucormycosis. A 22-year-old female presented with left-sided facial seizures since age of 7 years and headache for the past 3 years. Magnetic resonance imaging brain revealed a right posterior frontal lobe cavernous malformation. Right frontal craniotomy with excision of cavernoma was done. Gross examination showed a solid cystic mass with multiple mulberry protrusions. Histopathological examination revealed features of cavernous malformation with evidence of mucormycosis. A final diagnosis of cavernous malformation with mucormycosis was rendered and microbiological studies were advised. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a cerebral cavernous malformation with mucormycosis in an immunocompetent patient without any risk factor.
Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on Cataract among Radiation Workers of Interventional Cardiology in Indonesia
Authors: Setiawati Wida , Widyawati Syska , Zulkarnaien Benny , Danny Siska Suridanda , Andayani Gitalisa , Prihartono Joedo
Published: November 2023

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of radiation-induced cataracts and its correlation with radiation exposure dose and radiation protection equipment use among radiation workers of interventional cardiology.

Methods This is a cross-sectional and retrospective case–control study. We included 180 subjects. The prevalence of radiation-induced cataracts was assessed using Scheimpflug analysis on the Pentacam-Oculus device. Individual cumulative radiation exposure dose and radiation protection equipment use were identified from questionnaires and personal dosimeters.

Results The prevalence of radiation-induced cataracts was 16.7%. The median cumulative radiation dose was 0.8 (0.1–35.6) Gy. A positive correlation was found between cumulative radiation dose and lens density (R Spearman = 0.64). We found 83.9% of subjects used ceiling-suspended shields in 71 to 100% of their working period. However, most subjects (40.6%) did not wear protective eyewear. There was a statistically significant increasing risk of radiation-induced cataracts and unresponsive use of radiation protection equipment. Subjects using ceiling-suspended shield in only 31 to 50% of their working period increased their cataract risk by 10.8 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–111.49, p = 0.044). Meanwhile, subjects using protective eyewear in only 51 to 70% of their working period increased their cataract risk by 8.64 times (p = 0.001). Subjects who did not wear protective eyewear had an odd ratio of 164.3 (95% CI: 19.81–1363) compared to those who did.

Conclusion Radiation-induced cataracts among radiation workers of interventional cardiology depended on the radiation exposure dose and the use of radiation protection equipment.
Affective agenda dynamics on social media: interactions of emotional content posted by the public, government, and media during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhou Shuhuan , Yang Xiaokun , Wang Yi , Zheng Xia , Zhang Zhian
Published: November 2023

Emotions shared by posters on social media can have a profound impact on individuals and society. This was particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. To examine the types, trends, and dynamics of emotions communicated by the public, government, and media, this study collected 67,689 public posts, 36,740 government posts, and 126,988 media posts on Sina Weibo during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The vector autoregression model and Granger causality analysis were used to measure affective agenda networks and examine affective agenda dynamics. The findings show that the public, government, and media predominantly expressed positive emotions on Sina Weibo. The findings also reveal the significant influence of government emotions on media emotions, which subsequently affects public emotions. This study extends agenda-setting theory by integrating the dimension of emotional contagion. It underscores the potential for government and media to shape public emotions during health crises in order to maintain social order and increase compliance with emergency policies.
Structure and cryogenic mechanical properties of severely deformed nonequiatomic alloys of Fe–Mn–Co–Cr system
Authors: Tabachnikova E. D. , Hryhorova T. V. , Smirnov S. N. , Kolodiy I. V. , Shapovalov Yu. O. , Levenets A. V. , Shumilin S. E. , Kashuba I. V. , Tikhonovsky M. A. , Spieckermann F. , Zehetbauer M. J. , Schafler E. , Huang Y. , Langdon T. G.
Published: November 2023

The work is devoted to a study of the structure and mechanical properties of two nonequiatomic medium-entropy nanocrystalline alloys, in which in a coarse state additional mechanisms act during plastic deformation — twinning (TWIP) in the Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 alloy and phase transformations (TRIP) in the Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 alloy. The nanocrystalline state in these alloys is achieved by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at 300 K and 77 K after different numbers of revolutions n = 0.25 and 5. In the nanostructural state in the TWIP Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 and the TRIP Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 alloys, a basically complete phase transition from the fcc lattice to hcp is observed, the content of which does not depend very strongly on the HPT temperature and deformation. For both alloys in the nanostructured state, there is a significant decrease in differences in the phase composition and microhardness Hv by comparison with the coarse-grained state. A decrease in the HPT temperature and an increase in HPT deformation for all the cases studied lead to an increase in the value of Hv. The Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 TWIP alloy remains ductile under active compression deformation at 300 and 77 K, while there is no macroscopic plasticity in the Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 TRIP alloy under similar conditions. For the Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 TWIP the thermally-activated character of plastic deformation is retained during the transition from the coarse-grained to the nanostructured state.