bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Investigation of Global Real-Time ZTD Estimation from GPS/Galileo PPP Based on Galileo High Accuracy Service
Authors: Chen Xin , Yang Xuhai , Ge Yulong , Liu Yanlong , Lei Hui
Published: December 2024

Utilizing real-time precise point positioning (PPP) technology is an effective approach for obtaining high-precision zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD). Without relying on the terrestrial internet, Galileo high accuracy service (HAS) can provide precise orbit and precise clock products for the world. A thorough assessment of the ZTD accuracy of real-time PPP calculations based on Galileo HAS products in global regions is necessary to promote its application in the field of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) meteorology. The observation data of HAS from 1 to 7 September 2023 were selected for the experiment. Firstly, the accuracy of satellite orbit and clock products of the HAS GPS and HAS Galileo system are evaluated. Then, real-time PPP positioning accuracy within and outside the HAS service area is analyzed. Finally, 104 IGS stations in the world are selected to analyze the ZTD accuracy of real-time PPP calculations based on Galileo HAS products. The experimental results show that during the test period, the RMSE values of the satellite orbit products of the HAS GPS in the radial, along, and cross directions were 4.57 cm, 10.62 cm, and 7.56 cm, respectively. The HAS Galileo RMSE values were 2.81 cm, 8.02 cm, and 7.47 cm, respectively. The RMSE values of the clock products were 0.38 ns and 0.15 ns, respectively. At the selected stations, the real-time PPP positioning accuracies outside the HAS service area and within the service area were similar, and the correlation coefficient between HAS ZTD and IGS ZTD was above 0.90. In the global region, the average bias and RMSE values of the real-time PPP ZTD of the HAS GPS were −0.31 mm and 16.78 mm. Those of the HAS Galileo were 2.30 mm and 15.89 mm, and those of the HAS GPS/Galileo were −0.25 mm and 16.11 mm, respectively. Moreover, each system showed that the accuracy of the HAS ZTD inside the service area was better than that outside the service area. Compared with the single system, the real-time PPP ZTD continuity and stability of the dual system were better.
Anomalous Node Detection in Blockchain Networks Based on Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Chang Ze , Cai Yunfei , Liu Xiao Fan , Xie Zhenping , Liu Yuan , Zhan Qianyi
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, fraudulent activities have significantly increased, posing a major threat to the personal assets of blockchain users. The blockchain transaction network formed during user transactions can be represented as a graph consisting of nodes and edges, making it suitable for a graph data structure. Fraudulent nodes in the transaction network are referred to as anomalous nodes. In recent years, the mainstream method for detecting anomalous nodes in graphs has been the use of graph data mining techniques. However, anomalous nodes typically constitute only a small portion of the transaction network, known as the minority class, while the majority of nodes are normal nodes, referred to as the majority class. This discrepancy in sample sizes results in class imbalance data, where models tend to overfit the features of the majority class and neglect those of the minority class. This issue presents significant challenges for traditional graph data mining techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel graph neural network method to overcome class imbalance issues by improving the Graph Attention Network (GAT) and incorporating ensemble learning concepts. Our method combines GAT with a subtree attention mechanism and two ensemble learning methods: Bootstrap Aggregating (Bagging) and Categorical Boosting (CAT), called SGAT-BC. We conducted experiments on four real-world blockchain transaction datasets, and the results demonstrate that SGAT-BC outperforms existing baseline models.
A Flexible, Implantable, Bioelectronic Electroporation Device for Targeted Ablation of Seizure Foci in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Matta Rita , Balogh-Lantos Zsofia , Fekete Zoltan , Baca Martin , Kaszas Attila , Moreau David , O’Connor Rodney Philip
Published: December 2024

The primary method of treatment for patients suffering from drug-resistant focal-onset epilepsy is resective surgery, which adversely impacts neurocognitive function. Radio frequency (RF) ablation and laser ablation are the methods with the most promise, achieving seizure-free rates similar to resection but with less negative impact on neurocognitive function. However, there remains a number of concerns and open technical questions about these two methods of thermal ablation, with the primary ones: (1) heating; (2) hemorrhage and bleeding; and (3) poor directionality. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a proven method of focal ablation, which circumvents all three of the primary concerns regarding focal RF and laser ablation. Here, we demonstrate the in vivo application of a flexible implant with organic electrodes for focal ablation of epilepsy foci using high-frequency IRE (H-FIRE) in mice. Our results show that local, targeted ablation is possible in the close neighborhood of the electrode, paving the way for the clinical application in the treatment of focal epilepsy.
A Deployment Method for Motor Fault Diagnosis Application Based on Edge Intelligence
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Qiao Yusong , Lin Xusheng , Li Purui , Wu Nan , Yu Dong
Published: December 2024

The rapid advancement of Industry 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing has elevated the demands for fault diagnosis in servo motors. Traditional diagnostic methods, which rely heavily on handcrafted features and expert knowledge, struggle to achieve efficient fault identification in complex industrial environments, particularly when faced with real-time performance and accuracy limitations. This paper proposes a novel fault diagnosis approach integrating multi-scale convolutional neural networks (MSCNNs), long short-term memory networks (LSTM), and attention mechanisms to address these challenges. Furthermore, the proposed method is optimized for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices through knowledge distillation and model quantization. This approach significantly reduces the computational complexity of the model while maintaining high diagnostic accuracy, making it well suited for edge nodes in industrial IoT scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that the method achieves efficient and accurate servo motor fault diagnosis on edge devices with excellent accuracy and inference speed.
Adaptive Tip Selection for DAG-Shard-Based Federated Learning with High Concurrency and Fairness
Authors: Xiao Ruiqi , Cao Yun , Xia Bin
Published: December 2024

To cope with the challenges posed by high-concurrency training tasks involving large models and big data, Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and shard were proposed as alternatives to blockchain-based federated learning, aiming to enhance training concurrency. However, there is insufficient research on the specific consensus designs and the effects of varying shard sizes on federated learning. In this paper, we combine DAG and shard by designing three tip selection consensus algorithms and propose an adaptive algorithm to improve training performance. Additionally, we achieve concurrent control over the scale of the directed acyclic graph’s structure through shard and algorithm adjustments. Finally, we validate the fairness of our model with an incentive mechanism and its robustness under different real-world conditions and demonstrate DAG-Shard-based Federated Learning (DSFL)’s advantages in high concurrency and fairness while adjusting the DAG size through concurrency control. In concurrency, DSFL improves accuracy by 8.19–12.21% and F1 score by 7.27–11.73% compared to DAG-FL. Compared to Blockchain-FL, DSFL shows an accuracy gain of 7.82–11.86% and an F1 score improvement of 8.89–13.27%. Additionally, DSFL outperforms DAG-FL and Chains-FL on both balanced and imbalanced datasets.
IGAF: Incremental Guided Attention Fusion for Depth Super-Resolution
Authors: Tragakis Athanasios , Kaul Chaitanya , Mitchell Kevin J. , Dai Hang , Murray-Smith Roderick , Faccio Daniele
Published: December 2024

Accurate depth estimation is crucial for many fields, including robotics, navigation, and medical imaging. However, conventional depth sensors often produce low-resolution (LR) depth maps, making detailed scene perception challenging. To address this, enhancing LR depth maps to high-resolution (HR) ones has become essential, guided by HR-structured inputs like RGB or grayscale images. We propose a novel sensor fusion methodology for guided depth super-resolution (GDSR), a technique that combines LR depth maps with HR images to estimate detailed HR depth maps. Our key contribution is the Incremental guided attention fusion (IGAF) module, which effectively learns to fuse features from RGB images and LR depth maps, producing accurate HR depth maps. Using IGAF, we build a robust super-resolution model and evaluate it on multiple benchmark datasets. Our model achieves state-of-the-art results compared to all baseline models on the NYU v2 dataset for ×4, ×8, and ×16 upsampling. It also outperforms all baselines in a zero-shot setting on the Middlebury, Lu, and RGB-D-D datasets. Code, environments, and models are available on GitHub.
Humanitarian Urology in LMIC: Lessons Learned
Authors: Burnett Arthur L.
Published: December 2024

Urologic healthcare in low- and middle-income countries is recognized to be underserved. The goal to improve urologic health outcomes for populations in these countries may be met through urologic humanitarian work, often brought about by aid workers with clinical expertise originating from high-income countries. This essay serves as a brief narrative review of the literature describing urologic outreach efforts brought to low- and middle-income countries and perspective on the purpose of these efforts. A range of urology-specific organizations are engaged in international volunteerism efforts. The foundation of this activity, to the greatest extent, can be characterized as international collaboration involving healthcare providers of the local region of service. Service activities include not just medical or surgical missions but span from clinical workshops to educational programming, faculty training programs, research enterprises and health care system initiatives. Whereas challenges confront aid workers primarily relating to difficult resources, there are definite rewards for humanitarian work. These rewards are not viewed only as a one-way proposition benefitting the local region receiving health care. Visiting aid workers also prosper by way of life lessons in service and humanity and an appreciation of health equity in a worldwide sense.
Focus on Uro-Oncology Practice in Chad: A Call to Action
Authors: Nedjim Saleh Abdelkerim , Kouldjim Adoumadji , Bouri Nadege , Dounia Seid , Soukaya Brahim , Oumar Djidda Abakar , Kake Nisso Ouang , Allassiangar Minguemadji , Atti Oumar , Allah-Syengar Ndormadjita , Vadandi Valentin , Mahamat Mahamat Ali , Rimtebaye Kimassoum
Published: December 2024

In 2014, Unger-Saldaña et al [...]
Models of Geospatially Referenced People Distribution as a Basis for Studying the Daily Cycles of Urban Infrastructure Use by Residents
Authors: Parygin Danila , Anokhin Alexander , Anikin Anton , Finogeev Anton , Gurtyakov Alexander
Published: December 2024

City services and infrastructures are focused on consumers and are able to effectively and qualitatively implement their functions only under conditions of normal workload. In this regard, the correct organization of a public service system is directly related to the knowledge of the quantitative and qualitative composition of people in the city during the day. The article discusses existing solutions for analyzing the distribution of people in a territory based on data collected by mobile operators, payment terminals, navigation systems and other network solutions, as well as the modeling methods derived from them. The scientific aim of the study is to propose a solution for modeling the daily distribution of people based on open statistics collected from the Internet and open-web mapping data. The stages of development of the modeling software environment and the methods for spatial analysis of available data on a digital cartographic basis are described. The proposed approach includes the use of archetypes of social groups, occupational statistics, gender and age composition of a certain territory, as well as the characteristics of urban infrastructure objects in terms of composition and purpose. Solutions for modeling the 48 h distribution of city residents with reference to certain infrastructure facilities (residential, public and working) during working and weekend days with an hourly breakdown of the simulated values were created as a result of the study. A simulation of the daily distribution of people in the city was carried out using the example of the city of Volgograd, Russian Federation. A picture of the daily distribution of city residents by district and specific buildings of the city was obtained as a result of the modeling. The proposed approach and the created algorithm can be applied to any city.
The Theory of Complexity and Sustainable Urban Development: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Abujder Ochoa Walter Antonio , Iarozinski Neto Alfredo , Vitorio Junior Paulo Cezar , Calabokis Oriana Palma , Ballesteros-Ballesteros Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Urbanization is a rapidly accelerating global phenomenon that challenges sustainable development, requiring innovative frameworks for understanding and managing urban complexity. This study explores the application of Complexity Theory in sustainable urban development, framing cities as Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS), where dynamic social, economic, environmental, and technological interactions generate emergent behaviors. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing 91 studies retrieved from Scopus that explicitly link Complexity Theory to urban sustainability. Key findings reveal trade-offs, such as balancing economic growth with ecological preservation and social equity, while emphasizing the role of self-organization and adaptive governance in enhancing urban resilience. Concrete examples include the application of fractal analysis in urban planning to predict sprawl and optimize infrastructure and the use of system dynamics models to align smart city initiatives with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Wider co-benefits identified include improved public health through integrated green infrastructure and the reinforcement of social cohesion via participatory urban planning. This research concludes that embracing Complexity Theory enables a holistic approach to urban sustainability, fostering adaptable, resilient systems that can better manage uncertainty. This study highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative policy frameworks to navigate the multifaceted challenges of modern urbanization.
Economic Sustainability Assessment of Paulownia Farms in a Dual Production System—Case Studies in Temperate Climates
Authors: Negrușier Cornel , Buzan Livia-Ramona , Păcurar Ioan , Sîngeorzan Steluța Maria , Ceuca Vasile , Colișar Alexandru , Andreica Ileana , Rózsa Sándor , Borsai Orsolya
Published: December 2024

Paulownia trees represent a convergence of ecological innovation and economic opportunity. Beyond their extraordinary growth rates, adaptability to diverse climates, and capacity to produce high-value timber, Paulownia farms offer a unique solution to pressing environmental and economic challenges. However, economic sustainability is the most crucial factor for any farmer when deciding to introduce this species. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the profitability of seven existing Paulownia farms in Romania. The economic analysis has been carried out by adopting the discounted cash flow method. The results showed that the cultivation of Paulownia for both timber and woodchip production as a dual production system with an annual gross margin between 27 and 55% can present a viable alternative as compared to other agricultural crops. However, profitability highly depends on the selection of plant species according to the environmental conditions and agricultural practices applied, as well as demand and market price variations.
Intelligent IoT-Based Network Clustering and Camera Distribution Algorithm Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Almalkawi Islam T. , Halloush Rami , Al-Hammouri Mohammad F. , Alghazo Alaa , Al-Abed Loiy , Amra Mohammad , Alsarhan Ayooub , Alshammari Sami Aziz
Published: December 2024

The advent of a wide variety of affordable communication devices and cameras has enabled IoT systems to provide effective solutions for a wide range of civil and military applications. One of the potential applications is a surveillance system in which several cameras collaborate to monitor a specific area. However, existing surveillance systems are often based on traditional camera distribution and come with additional communication costs and redundancy in the detection range. Thus, we propose a smart and efficient camera distribution system based on machine learning using two Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods: Q-Learning and neural networks. Our proposed approach initially uses a geometric distributed network clustering algorithm that optimizes camera placement based on the camera Field of View (FoV). Then, to improve the camera distribution system, we integrate it with an RL technique, the role of which is to dynamically adjust the previous/existing setup to maximize target coverage while minimizing the number of cameras. The reinforcement agent modifies system parameters—such as the overlap distance between adjacent cameras, the camera FoV, and the number of deployed cameras—based on changing traffic distribution and conditions in the surveilled area. Simulation results confirm that the proposed camera distribution algorithm outperforms the existing methods when comparing the required number of cameras, network coverage percentage, and traffic coverage.
Exposure to Cadmium and Other Trace Elements Among Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Urbano Teresa , Vinceti Marco , Carbone Chiara , Wise Lauren A. , Malavolti Marcella , Tondelli Manuela , Bedin Roberta , Vinceti Giulia , Marti Alessandro , Chiari Annalisa , Zamboni Giovanna , Michalke Bernhard , Filippini Tommaso
Published: December 2024

Background: A limited number of studies have investigated the role of environmental chemicals in the etiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We performed a cross-sectional study of the association between exposure to selected trace elements and the biomarkers of cognitive decline. Methods: During 2019–2021, we recruited 128 newly diagnosed patients with MCI from two Neurology Clinics in Northern Italy, i.e., Modena and Reggio Emilia. At baseline, we measured serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. With immuno-enzymatic assays, we estimated concentrations of β-amyloid 1-40, β-amyloid 1-42, Total Tau and phosphorylated Tau181 proteins, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive status. We used spline regression to explore the shape of the association between exposure and each endpoint, adjusted for age at diagnosis, educational attainment, MMSE, and sex. Results: In analyses between the serum and CSF concentrations of trace metals, we found monotonic positive correlations between copper and zinc, while an inverse association was observed for cadmium. Serum cadmium concentrations were inversely associated with amyloid ratio and positively associated with Tau proteins. Serum iron concentrations showed the opposite trend, while copper, manganese, and zinc displayed heterogeneous non-linear associations with amyloid ratio and Tau biomarkers. Regarding CSF exposure biomarkers, only cadmium consistently showed an inverse association with amyloid ratio, while iron was positively associated with Tau. Cadmium concentrations in CSF were not appreciably associated with serum NfL levels, while we observed an inverted U-shaped association with CSF NfL, similar to that observed for copper. In CSF, zinc was the only trace element positively associated with NfL at high concentrations. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study, high serum cadmium concentrations were associated with selected biomarkers of cognitive impairment. Findings for the other trace elements were difficult to interpret, showing complex and inconsistent associations with the neurodegenerative endpoints examined.
Benzo(a)pyrene and Gut Microbiome Crosstalk: Health Risk Implications
Authors: Mauliasari Intan Rizki , Lee Hee Ju , Koo Song Yi , Hitayezu Emmanuel , Kieu Anh Nguyen Thi , Lee Sang-Min , Cha Kwang Hyun
Published: December 2024

This review delves into the impact of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), which is a toxic and pervasive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and known carcinogen, on the human health risk from a gut microbiome perspective. We retrieved the relevant articles on each PAH and summarized the reporting to date, with a particular focus on benzo(a)pyrene, which has been reported to have a high risk of gut microbiome-related harm. B(a)P exposure can compromise the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis, a state of microbial imbalance. The consequences of B(a)P-induced gut dysbiosis can be far-reaching, potentially contributing to inflammation, metabolic disorders, and an increased risk of various diseases. Additionally, due to the strong coupling between B(a)P and microparticles, the toxicity of B(a)P may be further compounded by its reaction with strong gut disruptors such as micro-/nanoplastics, which have recently become a serious environmental concern. This review summarizes current research on the impact of B(a)P on the gut microbiome, highlighting the intricate relationship between environmental exposure, gut health, and human disease. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop effective strategies to mitigate the adverse health effects of B(a)P exposure.
Echinococcosis: From Parasite–Host Interaction to Rapid Detection
Authors: Zhang Ting , Feng Zheng
Published: December 2024

Echinococcosis is one of the most serious and life-threatening parasitic zoonoses worldwide caused by the larvae of the Echinococcus genus [...]
Direct-to-Consumer Testing: A Game-Changer for STI Control and Public Health? A Critical Review of Advances Since the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Martín-García David F. , Santi-Rocca Julien
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine healthcare services, including testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). At the same time, it fostered optimism about the potential of direct-to-consumer (DTC) self-testing solutions, fueled by remarkable progress in self-sampling practices, rapid testing technologies, and the adaptation of regulatory frameworks. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) self-testing and self-sampling for STIs became then still a more critical alternative, offering privacy, accessibility, and the potential to address testing gaps, especially for underserved, at-risk groups. This review critically analyzed the literature published since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. DTC testing has evolved significantly since the pandemic, with notable advances in technology, availability, and disease and geographical coverage. It has increased STI testing uptake among underserved or hesitant populations, including men who have sex with men and young adults. However, issues around cost, data reporting, and follow-up care persist, and many at-risk groups still lack access. While these solutions have improved testing uptake and public health outcomes, anticipated widespread adoption and advances have been slower than expected. Limited market options, weak research, and regulatory challenges have hindered growth. Research has often focused on potential user acceptance rather than real-world usage. Future directions should leverage trendy approaches in medical ethnography and transformational marketing to emphasize user- and data-driven innovation, affordability, and regulatory support based on private provider accountability.
Mitigating Motion Sickness by Anticipatory Cues
Authors: Reuten Anna J. C. , Bos Jelte E. , Martens Marieke H. , Rausch Jessica , Smeets Jeroen B. J.
Published: December 2024

Car passengers suffer much more from motion sickness compared to car drivers, presumably because drivers can better anticipate the car’s motions. Visual and auditory cues that announce upcoming motions have been demonstrated to mitigate motion sickness. In automated vehicles, vibrotactile cues might be more desirable. However, prior studies provided mixed evidence regarding their effectiveness. In this study, we directly compared the effectiveness of anticipatory auditory and vibrotactile cues. We determined their effectiveness by examining self-reported motion sickness from anticipatory sessions with auditory or vibrotactile cues announcing the onset and direction of upcoming motion relative to a control session. Our preregistered analysis did not show a significant difference in mitigation between the cues but also no significant overall effect. As this lack of an effect may be due to limited statistical power, we performed an internal meta-analysis. This analysis demonstrated a small overall effect of anticipatory cues. We conclude that it is worthwhile to investigate how their effectiveness can be enhanced.
Application of Pumping Tests to Estimate Hydraulic Parameters of Volcanic Aquifers in Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Nigate Fenta , Yenehun Alemu , Belay Ashebir Sewale , Asmamaw Desale Kidane , Walraevens Kristine
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to enhance the understanding and sustainable groundwater management of volcanic aquifer systems by estimating key hydrogeological parameters. The transmissivity of a volcanic aquifer system was estimated using analytical solutions based on 68 constant rate and recovery data sets collected from various sources. A combination of hydro-lithostratigraphy and diagnostic plots was employed to identify the aquifer types and flow conditions, which facilitated model selection. Transmissivity of the confined aquifer was modeled using both Theis and Cooper–Jacob methods, with the Theis residual drawdown solution utilized for estimation. For the unconfined aquifer, the Neuman method was used, and the Hantush/Jacob method was employed for leaky aquifers. The results showed that the transmissivity of the Tertiary basalt varied from 0.38 m2/d to 860 m2/d, while the Quaternary aquifer system ranged from 2.33 m2/d to 1.8 × 104 m2/d, indicating an increase in transmissivity with younger volcanic flows. Specific capacity (SC) was estimated for 74 wells and the values ranged from 0.62 to 5860 m2/d. This wide variation of specific capacity and transmissivity showed significant heterogeneity within the volcanic aquifers. This study introduces the innovative application of derivative diagnostic plots in groundwater research, offering an efficient approach for analyzing and interpreting pumping test data to characterize aquifer systems in various hydrogeologic units. This study focuses on aquifer characterization in hard rock formation, demonstrating methods that can be applied to similar geological environments globally. For the Blue Nile basin in general and for the Lake Tana basin in particular, the study result of aquifer characterization will contribute to exploration, development, and improved groundwater management in the region.
Dynamics of the quality of life of patients with distal polyneuropathy of the lower extremities against the background of the use of direct transcutaneous electroneurostimulation. Clinical trial
Authors:   Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Al-Zamil M. H. ,   Clinic of the Brain and Spine LLC «Olivia», Podolsk, Moscow region,   NCHDPO Medical Dental Institute, Moscow, Russia, Vasilyeva E. S. ,   B.V Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery Moscow, Russia, Korchazhkina N. B. ,   B.V Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2024

Abstract Recently, the term «patient quality of life» has become more common, especially in the treatment of patients with pain syndrome.
Quality of life assessment is a more objective method for assessing the improvement of a patient’s condition with pain syndrome, since quality
of life correlates with the stability of remission and a qualitative reduction in pain syndrome in all aspects — from sensory to affective.
Objective. Conducting a correlation analysis between a decrease in pain syndrome and an improvement in the quality of life of patients in the treatment of severe neuropathic pain syndrome using direct transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS).
Material and methods. The study included 158 patients with DPNC with severe neuropathic pain syndrome. The quality of life of patients with neuropathic pain syndrome in type 2 diabetes was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire.
Results. The use of individual courses of TENS of various modalities leads to an improvement in the quality of life of patients with severe
neuropathic pain syndrome. Acupuncture improves the quality of life of patients with severe neuropathic pain syndrome and is not inferior in effectiveness to TENS.
Conclusions. The obtained data indicate a higher efficiency of the combined use of TENS and acupuncture in improving the quality of life of patients with DPNK with severe neuropathic pain syndrome compared to their use as mono-effects.
National Security Foreign Direct Investment Control in the USA
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAS), Moscow, Kirichenko E.V.
Published: December 2024

The United States of America has traditionally been one of the largest importers of direct capital investment.
The United States views foreign investment as one of the key factors in the country’s economic growth. At the same time,
due to the dispersion of challenges and threats to American global leadership, the interpretation of US national security is qualitatively expanding. The United States is trying to maintain a balance between openness to foreign direct investment and national security objectives. The article analyzes the activities of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States. The evolution of legislation concerning the activities of CFIUS is examined as approaches to national security issues
change. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the Law «Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018».
The emergence of this law (it was put forward on a bipartisan basis) indicates the strengthening of supporters of stricter regulation of FDI. The extension of the control functions of the United States Committee on Foreign Investment is clearly visible.
Peasantry as the Foundation of the Civilizational Construction of Russian Statehood: Value-Based and Humanitarian Reasons of the Tasks of Ensuring Food Sovereignty
Authors:   Federal Research Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas — All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Moscow, Novikov V. G.
Published: December 2024

This article presents the author’s reflections on the role and place of the phenomenon of peasantry as an actor in preserving and strengthening food and national security. Civilizational methodological toolset is in the basis of this research approach when writing a work. The peasant mentality, determined by the unique historical, social and economic conditions of
the peasant life, is considered as a complex and multi aspect phenomenon. The characteristics of the Russian peasant archetype are given. It is shown that all these archetypal features correlate with ideas about traditional values. The conclusion explains that peasantry is axiologically in the focus of resistance to globalization processes, which means that again, as in all historic periods of trial, it is in the very frontier of the fight for sovereignization. Special attention is paid to the need to restore in scientific discourse
the «peasantry» category, which was being tried to replace with obscure pseudo-demographic «euphemisms» (population of rural areas, etc.) for the entire post-reform period. The author also draws attention to the validity and expediency of incorporating a thoughtful study of the peasant worldview component into a multi-level educational process.
ANALYSIS OF SELF-CLEANING MECHANISMS IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Authors: Bukovcova A. , Netsvet D. , Zhernovskaya I.
Published: December 2024

Currently, there is a need for the construction of buildings with high durability and performance properties, which can be realized by the development and implementation of self-cleaning coatings and materials with their application. The use of building materials with a self-cleaning surface is an economical and environmentally friendly solution to maintain the appearance and cleanliness of building facades and significantly increase the durability of building structures, which is why this area is relevant for the construction industry.
The paper provides an overview of the work on the development and research of self-cleaning coatings with hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. The main indicators that are controlled for self-cleaning coatings are indicated. "Smart" coatings are also considered, the properties of which vary depending on the influencing factors of the external environment.
There are two main types of self-cleaning surfaces: hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Hydrophobic surfaces are characterized by high water repellency, which is achieved due to the presence of micro- and nanostructures. Hydrophilic surfaces, on the contrary, have the ability to attract water. The required surface properties and operating conditions of the material determine the choice of the appropriate type of coating and technology of its application. However, scientists are currently developing amphiphobic and amphiphilic materials, the properties of which extend simultaneously to polar and non-polar liquids, which makes it possible to achieve higher performance indicators of coatings and the effectiveness of their application.
The literary search was carried out based on papers published over the past 5 years, reviewed in the databases of the RSCI, Scopus and Web of Science.
FORMATION OF THE GREEN FRAMEWORK OF THE CITY OF KOLTUSHI LENINGRAD REGION
Authors: Perkova M. , Bobylev S. , Ladik E. , Gracheva A. , Shchapov D.
Published: December 2024

There are historical settlements in the Leningrad Region that have high historical and cultural potential, unique landscapes and require the formation of a special urban development policy. One of these is the territory of the town of Koltushi in the Vsevolozhsk District of the Leningrad Region. The purpose of the study is to identify the natural resource potential of the territory and develop recommendations for the formation of a green framework for the town of Koltushi in the Leningrad Region. The organization of a green framework not only meets the needs of society, but is also a necessary element for the development of the city. The study identified and analyzed the features of the natural resource potential of the town of Koltushi, the main natural cores of which are: the specially protected natural area "Natural Monument "Koltushi Heights", the territory of the Scientific Town of Physiologist I.P. Pavlov and forest parks. The "green" fabric of the city consists of seven main public spaces. The ecological connections of the city are provided through a system of green corridors that connect the ecological cores and the green fabric. In terms of the tourism component, there are 11 key points of attraction for tourists in the Koltushi settlement. Stagnating and unused territories have also been identified: forest parks, parks, squares, alleys and other green spaces, which are promising green areas for public use. As a result of the SWOT analysis, the weaknesses and strengths of the natural resource potential of the territory, opportunities and threats have been identified. Proposals have been developed for the formation of a green framework for the town of Koltushi, focusing on preserving the unique natural landscape, creating buffer zones for specially protected natural areas, forming a transport framework and functional zoning, improving the living environment by moving treatment facilities out of the center of the settlement and determining the optimal parameters for the development of residential areas. In the course of the work, new functional zones were identified and existing zones in the current General Plan were detailed.
ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET OF STABILIZING ADDITIVES FOR CRUSHED STONE-MASTIC ASPHALT CONCRETE. THEORETICAL INFORMATION ON THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIC FIBERS FOR BITUMEN STABILIZATION
Authors: Trautvain Anna , Syryh A.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The transition to the use of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete mixtures in the upper layers of road clothes is a global trend and leads to increased crack resistance, shear resistance, fatigue resistance, frost resistance, as well as low abrasion resistance, reduced noise and increased roughness of the coating compared with road clothes having a coating based on traditional asphalt concrete. The production of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete with high performance and functional characteristics depends on the quality of the stabilizing additive used. Modern specialists are constantly working to improve and strengthen the road surface and, in particular, the upper layers of the road surface, to make them more resistant to external influences and conditions of modern and rapidly changing traffic flow, while paying attention to various additives that are designed to strengthen and bind the components of the road surface more firmly. The market of stabilizing additives is mainly represented by foreign manufacturers, and the use of domestic analogues in the composition of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete leads to a mixture of unsatisfactory quality. The paper considers a wide range of existing stabilizing additives, their component composition, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The main properties of the resulting crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete based on the most common types of additives of both imported and domestic production are considered. Based on the data obtained, theoretical prerequisites have been made for the development and laboratory studies of a new stabilizing additive using natural polymer fiber based on cellulose production waste.
The Principle of Equal and Indivisible Security in Contemporary International Law
Authors: Moroz Nataliya
Published: December 2024

The misuse of information technologies by states can pose significant risks to international security and stability, economic and social development. The implementation of the principle of equal and indivisible security in the context of international information security is becoming of particular significance. The paper reveals the essence of the principle of equal and indivisible security as a special principle of international security law. The ideas about it in the doctrine of international law are analyzed, as well as various documents of international organizations (the Collective Security Treaty Organization, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States) and resolutions of the UN General Assembly in the relevant field, reports of the Group of Governmental Experts on Advancing Responsible State Behavior in Cyberspace in the Context of International Security. The author concludes, that the content of the principle under study is still being developed, and its exclusion from the draft Convention on International Information Security is not entirely justified. In this regard, it is proposed to include this principle in an international treaty devoted to issues of international information security; the author’s formulation of the content of this principle is given.
Administrative and Legal Regimes in the Activities of Public Administration: Legal Regulation and Law Enforcement Practice
Authors: Lifanov Dmitriy , Khazanov Sergey
Published: December 2024

The article highlights topical issues of definition, legal support and implementation of special administrative and legal regimes and their impact on the functioning of state legal institutions. Some current trends and prospects for the development of emergency legislation in crisis situations are outlined, which became the subject of discussion at the III Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the memory of the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor D. N. Bakhrakh («Administrative and Legal Regimes in the Activities of Public Administration», November 15, 2023, Ekaterinburg, Ural State Law University named after V. F. Yakovlev). The abstracts of the participants’ speeches are presented and the authors’ own position on certain controversial issues is expressed.The authors draw attention to the fact that the organizational and legal means that form the basis of the functioning of public administration are special administrative and legal regimes, including state of war, state of emergency, emergency situations, legal regimes for countering terrorism, extremist activities, closed cities, as well as mixed legal regimes applied in the fields of innovative activity of the state, business and other economic activities. The features and problems of legal regulation of special administrative and legal regimes, the differentiation of ordinary and extraordi- nary public administration and a number of other theoretical and practical issues related to the legal regimes of public administration are considered.
The Main Results of the Criminal Legislation Reform in 2023
Authors: Lopashenko Natalia
Published: December 2024

In 2023, the practice of legislative reform of the criminal law continued, which cannot always be supported, although in some cases it represents an improvement in criminal policy. During the year, twenty federal laws were adopted, which changed and complemented the rules of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The Federal Law of 24 June, 2023 No. 270-FZ «On the Specifics of Criminal Liability of Persons Involved in a Special Military Operation» has not been incorporated into the Criminal Code to date. This violates the basic provision established in Part 1 of Article 1 of the Criminal Code, according to which «the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation consists of this Code» and all new laws should be included in it. While recognizing the need for such a law in modern conditions and not disputing its essence, at the same time, the author notes, that there is a contradiction between the law, which is clearly of a criminal law nature, and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. By comparing the provisions of the said law with the norms of the Criminal Code, the author proposes ways to solve this problem.An analysis of other changes in criminal legislation was undertaken in order to identify their main trends. Among these are the humanization of the criminal law in relation to the changes made to the Special Part of the Criminal Code; expanding criminalization; tougher criminal liability and punishment.
Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis of Transportation Electrification Opinions on YouTube Comment Data
Authors: Adilla Rahmi Elfa , Huda Muhammad , Aziz Muhammad , Suadaa Lya Hulliyyatus
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Main Objectives: This research aims to conduct an aspect-based sentiment analysis of transportation electrification opinions on YouTube comment data. Background Problems: It is difficult to summarize the sentiment of many YouTube user comments related to electric vehicles (EVs) based on their aspects; therefore, aspect-based sentiment analysis is needed to conduct further analysis. Novelty: This study identifies five aspects of EV and their sentiments at the same time. The aspects are usefulness, ease of use, comfort, cost, and incentive policies. One of this study’s methods is the transfer learning model. This model can be a solution to overcome the shortcomings of deep learning in classifying aspect-based sentiment classification on small datasets. Research Methods: The sentiment classification model used is a machine learning model, namely support vector machine (SVM) and transfer learning models from pre-trained IndoBERT and mBERT. Finding/Results: Based on the experimental results, transfer learning from the IndoBERT model achieved the best performance with accuracy and F1-Score of 89.17% and 52.66%, respectively. Furthermore, the best IndoBERT model was developed with input in the form of a combination of aspects and comment sentences. Experimental results show that there is an improvement in performance with accuracy and F1-Score of 90% and 60.70%, respectively.
The Impact of ICT on Regional Economy in Indonesia Through MSEs as Mediators: Application of Causal Mediation Analysis in Instrumental-variable Regressions
Authors: Luthfio Febri Trihandika  , Ribut Nurul Tri Wahyuni  , Maghfiroh Meilinda Fitriani Nur
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Main Objectives: The development of information and communication technology (ICT) and small and micro enterprises (SMEs) can encourage regional economic growth. Background Problems: Studies on the impact of ICT on the rural economy at the village level are very limited. Furthermore, the Indonesian study neglects to tackle the endogeneity issue associated with this variable and the indirect effects of ICT on the regional economy. Novelty: Using SMEs as a mediator, this study examines the impact of ICT (internet signal strength) on the village's local economy (nighttime light), both directly and indirectly. ICT is considered to be endogenous. Research Methods: This study employs causal mediation analysis in instrumental-variable (IV) regressions at the village level in 2018 and 2021, using lightning strike intensity as IV. Finding/Results: Internet signal strength can increase the number of SMEs, and this increase can positively and significantly impact the local economy. In addition, the direct impact of internet signal strength on the local economy is significantly negative. However, the total impact of internet signal strength is significantly positive.
Spatial Dependencies in Environmental Quality: Identifying Key Determinants
Authors: Samosir Omas Bulan , Karim Rafidah Abd , Hidayat M. Irfan , Berliana Sarni Maniar
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Main Objectives: Environmental quality is essential to human development because it reflects the condition of our natural surroundings. Background Problems: Understanding the determinants of environmental quality is crucial for Indonesia as it helps identify the key factors influencing environmental quality. Novelty: Spatial models offer detailed, locationspecific insights but require extensive data and computational resources, while non-spatial models provide a broader overview with simpler data requirements but may miss important spatial nuances. This study seeks to identify the determinants of environmental quality in regencies and municipalities on Java Island, incorporating spatial effects into the analysis. Research Methods: The dependent variable is environmental quality index. The independent variables are GRDP in industrial sector, GRDP in agricultural sector, urban population rate, population density, and poverty rate. We applied spatially lag regression model using contiguity spatial weight matrix. Finding/Results: This study shows the spatially lag regression model outperforms the OLS model. GRDP in the industrial sector, GRDP in the agricultural sector, urban population rate, and population density have negative effects, suggesting the increases in these variables were associated with lower environmental quality. About 40%–44% of each variable's effect on environmental quality is due to spatial spillover effects.