bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 on 30-day mortality in patients with neck of femur fractures
Authors: Archer James E. , Kapoor Siddhant , Piper Danielle , Odeh Abdulrahman
Published: June 2020

Aims

The COVID-19 pandemic presents a significant threat to patients with neck of femur fractures. The 30-day mortality for these patients has gradually been reducing in the UK due to a multitude of inputs aimed at improving their outcomes. We provided an early assessment of 30-day mortality in neck of femur fracture patients who contracted COVID-19.

Methods

We identified 18 patients who were admitted from three acute hospital sites who underwent an operation for a neck of femur fracture and were diagnosed with COVID-19 between 25 March and 25 April 2020. We collected information on their age, American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, diagnosis, surgical procedure, complications, and 30-day mortality.

Results

Our study identified 18 patients who were all diagnosed with a positive swab result during the postoperative period. Female patients made up two-thirds of the patient cohort and the mean age of patients was 82 years (55 to 101). In all, ten patients sustained intracapsular fractures with eight sustaining extracapsular fractures. The 30-day mortality in this group of patients was 22.2% as compared to 4% 30-day mortality in those without COVID-19.

Conclusion

Our results show a 30-day mortality of 22.2%, which is higher than the national average provided by the 2019 National Hip Fracture Database report. However, while 30-day mortality has increased in those patients with COVID-19, this should not impact upon the provision of hip fracture surgery as it provides significant benefits to the patient such as pain relief and early mobilization. However, the information presented in this study should form an important part of the informed consent process for surgery. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial in ensuring optimal care for this complex patient group. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-7:326–329.
Shutters down
Authors: Simmons Gerald
Published: June 2020

A dentist in a spacesuit? How the coronavirus pandemic will be a game changer for dentistry.
242. La COVID-19 y las viejas epidemias. No es la Tercera Guerra Mundial, es el capitalismo
Authors: Buj Buj Antonio
Published: June 2020

A finales de 2019 apareció en la ciudad china de Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, un nuevo coronavirus, el SARS-CoV-2, causante de la llamada COVID-19, asociada a problemas respiratorios. El 11 de marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) consideró este coronavirus como pandémico, es decir que afectaba a la mayoría de países. A mediados de abril ya se registran más de dos millones de infectados y más de cien mil muertos en todo el mundo. El planeta vive en un estado de alerta general, con confinamientos masivos de la población. Algún dirigente político ha hablado de Tercera Guerra Mundial. A falta de medicamentos y de una vacuna eficaz contra el virus, se hace precisa una evaluación de la pandemia, tanto de las consecuencias como de las causas. Junto a las cuestiones epidemiológicas de la enfermedad, este trabajo se interroga por su geografía, ecología o historia, sin olvidar a muchas otras patologías infectocontagiosas, causantes de millones de muertes al año. La crisis pandémica actual puede generar en el futuro un nuevo marco de relaciones sociales, políticas o económicas a escala planetaria.
L’escape room com a eina educativa per treballar la
literatura a secundària: una proposta pràctica de Romeu i
Julieta
Authors: Martínez-Borobio Esther , Nakova-Katileva Eleonora
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCCIÓ: En els darrers anys, la tendència educativa de
ludificar les classes ha esdevingut un canvi important en
l’ensenyament. Aquest article tracta sobre l’ús de l’escape room com
a eina educativa per introduir la literatura en llengua anglesa a
secundària. En concret, s’hi descriu una proposta per a 4t de l’ESO
on es treballa l’obra Romeu i Julieta de William Shakespeare, amb
l’objectiu principal d’endinsar l’alumnat en l’estudi literari.
MÈTODE: El punt de partida d’aquesta proposta va ser la
visualització de la pel·lícula Shakespeare in Love de John Madden,
llargmetratge que il·lustra la vida de l’autor i que descriu el
procés de creació de Romeu i Julieta, així com l’estudi sobre els
aspectes principals de l’època i del gènere dramàtic. Un cop
assolits aquests coneixements, l’alumnat havia d’aplicar allò après
i treballar cooperativament per resoldre una sèrie d’enigmes
relacionats amb l’obra de Romeu i Julieta. RESULTATS: L’alumnat va
adquirir nous coneixements sobre l’autor i l’obra d’una forma lúdica
i va valorar la proposta de tipus escape room molt positivament.
DISCUSSIÓ: Considerant que actualment l’alumnat a qui s’adreça
desconeix molts aspectes de la vida i obra de Shakespeare, aquesta
unitat ens permet desenvolupar les competències de la dimensió
literària d’una manera activa i motivadora.
Calcular la fiabilidad de un cuestionario o escala mediante
el SPSS: el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach
Authors: Rodríguez-Rodríguez Julio , Reguant-Álvarez Mercedes
Published: June 2020

La elaboración y aplicación de instrumentos de medida es una
tarea habitual en la investigación socioeducativa. La utilización de
cuestionarios, escalas y tests requiere que éstos sean instrumentos
válidos y fiables. La fiabilidad, entendida como la precisión en la
medida de una característica o un atributo, se puede calcular de
diferentes maneras. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach es uno de los
habitualmente referenciados, y se puede utilizar en variables de
escala. La finalidad de este artículo es proporcionar una
información general que permita la comprensión de este índice y el
procedimiento operativo para obtenerlo. El programa estadístico SPSS
permite calcular este valor de manera relativamente fácil y ágil,
contribuyendo así a la toma de decisiones relativas a la utilización
del cuestionario o test, dado que la significación del coeficiente
ha de tener en cuenta el contexto en el que se aplica. De esta
manera, se logran los objetivos: identificar los diferentes métodos
para calcular la fiabilidad de un instrumento en el ámbito
socioeducativo; exponer los pasos para calcular el estadístico alfa
de Cronbach mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS, y ejemplificar el
cálculo de la fiabilidad de una escala de actitudes tipo
Likert.
Research and Industry News
Authors: Daukantas Patricia , Cartlidge Edwin , Kim Meeri , Kirkland Alessia , Moser Molly , Schulz William , Wills Stewart
Published: June 2020

Phonons for light storage / Optical nanomixer / Bionic corals manage
light / ICESat-2 / Silicon lights up / MicroLED patents surge /
Self-cleaning aluminum / Super-fast camera / Energy from shadows /
Imaging oxidative stress
Linear and nonlinear photophysical properties of ZnSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell type II nanocrystals
Authors: Gao Yang , Qiu Xin , Zhao Fuli , Xiao Shuyu , Li Junzi , Lin Xiaodong , Chen Rui , He Tingchao
Published: June 2020

In this work, one kind of type II ZnSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell nanocrystals (NCs) is synthesized, and their linear and nonlinear photophysical properties are investigated. Through measurements of the temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra of NCs, their excitonic properties, including the coefficient of the bandgap change, coupling strength of the exciton acoustic phonons, exciton longitudinal optical (LO) phonons, and LO–phonon energy are revealed. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy was employed to obtain insight into ultrafast processes occurring at the interface of ZnSe and CdS, such as those involving the injection of photo-induced electrons into the CdS shell, interfacial state bleaching, and charge separation time. At the end, their multiphoton absorption spectra were determined by using the z-scan technique, which yielded a maximum two-photon absorption cross section of 3717 GM at 820 nm and three-photon absorption cross section up to

3.9
×

10

−
77

  

cm

6

·

s

2

·

photon

−
2

at 1220 nm, respectively. The photophysical properties presented here may be important for exploiting their relevant applications in optoelectronic devices and deep-tissue bioimaging.
Integrasi dan Nasionalisme di Natuna
Authors: Setiawan Budiana
Published: June 2020

Natuna in Riau Islands is one of outermost region of the Republic of Indonesia, which is considered to have disintegration potential. Malaysia once claimed that Natuna should be part of its territory. This paper aims to answer the following questions: What is sense of nationalism of people in Natun? Is there a potential disintegration of Natuna community, to choose to be a part of Malaysia? What is government's effort to protect Natuna, so it cannot be separated from sovereignty territory of Republic of Indonesia? The purpose of this paper is therefore to indicate factors that determine nationalism; to describe disintegration potentialsy; and to know government's efforts to safeguard Natuna as an area of sovereignty of Republic of Indonesia. This paper is based on a qualitative research, that data collection techniques employed through in-depth interviews, observations, and literature reviews. The results showed that geographical closeness of economic and socio-cultural with Malaysia does not decrease sense of nationalism in the Natuna community. Natuna community views Indonesia as a large country with a wider area and more population than Malaysia, and is a respected country in Asian region.
Korelasi Nilai CD4 dengan Left Ventricular Mass Index pada Anak dengan Infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Rizal Rizki Ayu , Rahayuningsih Sri Endah , Alam Anggraini
Published: June 2020

Latar belakang. Infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan masalah kesehatan anak di beberapa negara. Pemeriksaan kadar CD4 adalah parameter terbaik untuk mengukur imunodefisiensi. Jantung sebagai salah satu organ yang dapat menjadi sumber morbiditas dan mortalitas pada pasien HIV belum menjadi perhatian khusus. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui korelasi nilai CD4 dengan left ventricular mass index pada anak dengan infeksi HIV. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan potong lintang di klinik Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin bulan Januari 2020. Populasi penelitian ini adalah anak terdiagnosis HIV berusia >5 – <18 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis korelasi antara CD4 dan LVMI dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil. Kami melakukan pemeriksaan ekokardiografi pada 62 anak, dua anak memenuhi kriteria eksklusi berupa penyakit jantung bawaan, dan kelainan katup. Nilai CD4 absolut adalah 822 ± 380 sel/mm3. Korelasi negatif terjadi antara nilai CD4 dengan LVMI, tetapi tidak signifikan (r=-0,050, p=0,377).Kesimpulan. Abnormalitas kardiovaskular dapat terjadi pada anak HIV. Pada penelitian ini, nilai CD4 tidak berhubungan dengan peningkatan LVMI pada anak HIV, tetapi pemeriksaan ekokardiografi merupakan teknik yang berguna untuk mendeteksi abnormalitas kardiovaskular pada anak HIV.
Auscultação Geodésica em Torres Eólicas Onshore: Definição do Sistema de Referência e de Medição para o Monitoramento
Authors: Canto Luiz Filipe Campos do , Seixas Andréa de
Published: June 2020

A auscultação geodésica em torres eólicas onshore e a escassez de metodologias geodésicas/topográficas de medição, nestas estruturas, incentivou a elaboração deste trabalho. O monitoramento geodésico pode indicar o risco de movimentos nos componentes estruturais da torre, que de acordo com a indicação do projetista ultrapassem as tolerâncias preestabelecidas em projetos, podendo assim, minimizar acidentes e danos à torre e seu entorno. Este trabalho foi realizado nas torres eólicas Gravatá 01 e 02 do Parque Eólica Gravatá Geradora de Energia S.A., localizado no município brasileiro de Gravatá-PE, para definir uma metodologia para averiguar deslocamentos de pontos-objeto localizados na torre e na base da fundação. Para avaliar possíveis movimentos horizontais na torre foram implantados marcos de concreto, hastes metálicas e folhas refletivas, observados por meio dos métodos de posicionamento GNSS, poligonação com centragem forçada, irradiação tridimensional e método de medição das bordas, que por meio de uma configuração geométrica apropriada e discutida neste trabalho, permitiu a detecção do centro virtual das seções transversais circulares ao longo da torre, possibilitando o cálculo do ângulo de deflexão da mesma. Para avaliar possíveis movimentos verticais foram implantados pinos, nas bases das torres, medidos por meio de nivelamento geométrico de altíssima precisão, estabelecendo-se neste trabalho a medição zero de referência.
Proposta de Categorização dos Componentes da Carta Topográfica a partir da Semiótica Peirceana
Authors: Garbin Estevão Pastori , Santil Fernando Luiz de Paula
Published: June 2020

As cartas topográficas são produtos essenciais para o conhecimento do território e, embora seus requisitos técnicos para confecção sejam bem estabelecidos, a análise de seus signos costuma estar baseada em uma distinção dos componentes altimétricos e planimétricos. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma releitura destes recursos representativos da carta topográfica do levantamento sistemático brasileiro a partir da Semiótica de Charles Sanders Peirce, com o propósito de demonstrar que uma categorização semiótica pode revelar os tipos de relações entre os componentes da carta topográfica baseados nas funções do signo, além de servir como um caminho para o descobrimento de hipóteses de novas relações sígnicas nestes produtos. Apresenta-se como resultado que estas funções semióticas permitem classificar tais signos em categorias denominadas indexadoras e qualificadoras, revelando sob uma perspectiva lógica como um determinado fenômeno é georreferenciado.
Integração dos Referenciais Verticais Terrestre e Oceânico: Conceitos Relacionados, Projetos Desenvolvidos e Desafios
Authors: Santana Tulio Alves , Dalazoana Regiane
Published: June 2020

No Brasil, os Níveis de Redução (NREDs) das Estações Maregráficas (EMs) são utilizados como os Data verticais oceânicos ou Chart Datum (CD) os quais são referências para as cartas náuticas confeccionadas pela Diretoria de Hidrografia e Navegação (DHN). Em contrapartida ao que é adotado no país, a Organização Hidrográfica Internacional (IHO) recomenda que a superfície usada como referência para obtenção do Datum para reduções de sondagens em zonas costeiras seja definida pela superfície LAT (Lowest Astronomical Tide) calculada a partir de pelo menos 18,6 anos de observações maregráficas. A unificação do referencial vertical oceânico e a integração entre os referenciais verticais é algo que se tem almejao para a costa brasileira por meio de parcerias entre diversas instituições e o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Adotar uma superfície dada pela LAT solucionaria os problemas apresentados pela adoção dos NREDs como CD: o caráter local; o fato de que algumas profundidades podem ser menores do que as constantes na carta; a questão da determinação de cada NREDs em épocas distintas; a falta de padronização da extensão das séries temporais para quantificação dos NREDs e, sobretudo, a impossibilidade de conexão ao Sistema de Referência Geocêntrico para as Américas (SIRGAS). Com o objetivo de contribuir com as discussões relativas à temática da integração dos referenciais verticais em região costeira, este artigo apresenta conceitos envolvidos, projetos já desenvolvidos em outras regiões do mundo e alguns desafios inerentes ao Brasil, para a unificação do referencial oceânico e a integração dos referenciais verticais.
ARCHITECTURAL POTENTIALITY OF FREE-FORM STRUCTURES
Authors: Hameed Anas , Al-Alwan Hoda , Oukaili Nazar
Published: June 2020

Contemporary architecture has witnessed a new innovative trend in design characterized by the creation of interesting free-flowing structures that reflect expressiveness of form and design, as well as the uniqueness of structure and approaches of construction. These fascinating structures are often perceived as landmarks that blend harmoniously into their surroundings. In the last two decades, parametric design and advanced computational tools, with prefabrication and construction techniques, enabled architects and engineers to explore new materials and methods to create such impressive structures, breaking the obsolete ways of thinking. Several examples of free-form structures lack obviously to explore architectural potentialities, that enrich the intention of architect, are still unformulated. The main objective of the present paper includes a conceptual proposal exploring the architectural potentiality of the free-form structures, focusing on form-finding possibilities through optimizing both the geometry and the mass of the structure, to generate configurations that ensure self-supported forms with stable force equilibrium. The paper introduces two simplified analytical methods to achieve the efficiency of the free-form architectural structures: the first depends on using extra materials to strengthen surfaces (such as grid shell system), and the second includes changing the geometry to achieve high “strength-to-weight” ratio (such as folding or conical self supports). By applying these methods, it is possible to explore various form-finding possibilities that contribute to the generation of characteristic landmarks with impressive structures.
ANALYZING THE HUMAN SPHERE WITH THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODEL IN POST-EARTHQUAKE CONSTRUCTION: MECHE’S HOUSE
Authors: Criollo Paulina , Villacis Tapia Enrique
Published: June 2020

Meche’s House is a post-earthquake house construction in Pedro Carbo, Ecuador. This article is based on the analysis of this construction under a specific model called Circular Economy (CE). The CE analyzes the flows of matter and energy, ensuring that everything recirculates in the system, causing the so-called waste to become a nutrient for new processes. This article explains the traditional concept of CE, based on the butterfly model by Ellen MacArthur Foundation which inserts flows of matter and energy in two spheres: biosphere and technosphere. However, this article inserts and analyzes a new one: the human sphere. The system for the construction of Meche’s House is analyzed especially under the latter sphere, to understand the local people as a resource within the system flows, emphasizing the post-earthquake context.
A META ANALYSIS OF DECISION MAKING PROBLEMS IN CONSTRUCTION RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: Koc Kerim , Gurgun Asli Pelin
Published: June 2020

Various Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods are being commonly used in the area of construction risk management to deal with decisions that are subjected to several factors affecting the selection of the best possible choice in the projects. There are many techniques developed to provide assistance to decision-makers during decision-making process, each having different advantages and disadvantages. This study discusses some of the most frequently applied MCDM methods in construction risk management such as: AHP, ANP, TOPSIS, VIKOR, and DEMATEL, with their own application principles. It aims to introduce a meta-analysis about the use of MCDM methods within the last two decades and provide an extensive literature review study about construction risk management. It is expected to assist practitioners and researchers to suggest effective methods for specific type of risks to be addressed in construction projects. The discussion of pros and cons of each method will also provide some insights to get use of multiple MCDM methods rather than a single means to enhance the analysis outputs.
FACTORS INFLUENCING MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT TO SAFETY PERFORMANCE IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Mahmoud Abubakar Sadiq , Hamdan Ahmad Mohd. , Mohd. Yatim Yahya
Published: June 2020

The significance of safety commitment to improving safety performance and reducing risk is widely accepted and substantive research has been conducted globally in order to improve the safety performance of the construction industry such as: “safety commitment”, “design for safety”, “safety culture”, “safety climate”, “behavior base safety BBS”. Despite the research and improvements that have been made through the years, construction stakeholders are continuously being challenged with occurrences of injury on site. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the factors, which influence of management commitment toward improving safety performance in the construction industry of Nigeria. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 software. The results of the study showed that “involvement of workers in the preparation of safety programs for the site” and “appropriate issuance of motivational directives by the top management to enhance safety” significantly impact on the safety performance of construction stakeholders. Thus, the research outcome would be of benefit to top management of construction companies, policy makers and building development approvers.
LATEST WORLDWIDE DEVELOPMENTS IN MOLTEN SALT TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Loyd Nathan , Ladkany Samaan G.
Published: June 2020

Molten salt (MS) storage systems in the 565°C range can store green solar energy from thermal solar power station, such as the Crescent Dunes solar plant in Nevada. Large containers can be used to store energy and generate electricity for eight hours or more to be used at night or during peak demand hours, depending on the container size. Energy storage can reduce the fluctuation due to weather conditions experienced at thermal solar power stations because stable diurnal energy supply is made available by MS energy storage. Supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), the research presented discusses the recent technological developments associated with the use of molten salts for energy storage. In addition to their use for storing excess solar energy, molten salts are starting to be used in nuclear or hybrid power production. One particular aspect of interest is the focus using higher temperature salts to provide even more energy storage than conventional molten salts. One such salt, SaltStream700, allows for the use of molten salts at temperatures of 700°C. A summary of worldwide examples of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants is presented. Commercial solar power stations have been constructed in the United States and overseas, particularly in Spain, with molten salt being considered for use in these facilities.
PERTINENCE OF A NEUROSCIENCE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY CLASS IN ORDER TO RAISE GLOBAL CRISIS AWARENESS
Authors: Villacis Tapia Enrique , Ayarza Cynthia
Published: June 2020

In contemporary architecture, engineering, and construction related fields of study, education must prepare future professionals for a world dealing with global warming, political, economic, and energy crisis among others. Within academia, it is always difficult to motivate students to think beyond construction as a mere product and just their own financial benefits. The current studies within the neuroscience state that motivation and a constant state of criticism empower the student in order to be ready for the dramatic future scenario. The practical workshop Con lo que hay-(with what is available), dictated by Ensusitio-at the School of Architecture of the Catholic University in Quito, PUCE-FADA, its program and its strategies will be analyzed through the lenses of the neuroscience perspective on education. This study examines the pertinence of an interdisciplinary-reality based-program in order to make construction industry students aware of our current reality and eminent global crisis.
DIVINING THE FUTURE: INTEGRATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL THINKING IN ARCHITECTURAL PEDAGOGY
Authors: Menikou Markella , Cleanthous Adonis
Published: June 2020

The aim of the paper is to illustrate a series of pedagogic strategies utilized concerning the integration of technology and construction within the architectural design studio process. Via the agenda of an advanced design studio laboratory, the quest for integration is tested and the boundaries of architecture and other technology-based disciplines are being challenged. Specifically, the limits of disciplines such as mechanical/environmental/structural engineering, construction and building services are challenged through architecture and vice-versa. The thematic of the studio poses technology as a lens to inspect the future of architecture, therefore it provides a fertile ground for reciprocally investigating the integration of other disciplines. A series of specific strategies and processes are explored in order to encourage and develop integrative technological thinking. They aim to enhance the students’ ability to grasp architecture as a coherent subject and positively embrace the merits of a multidisciplinary approach. These pedagogic processes include a continuous crossover of thematics, exercises, workshops, references and case studies. The theoretical background of the thematics introduced will be discussed along with examples of work produced at each stage. Resultant work will evidence that the pedagogic strategies utilized stimulate the students’ ability to generate innovative propositions with technology as an integral part of the design process; by integrating personalized insights from the disciplines of mechanical, environmental and structural engineering, construction and building services.
ASSESSING AGING IN REINFORCED CONCRETE USING NOVEL REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Christofe Andreas , Danezis Chris , Hadjimitsis Diofantos
Published: June 2020

Concrete sets, hardens, gains strength, and exhibits reduced permeability over time, but it is not time alone that causes these effects. Most concrete types are confronted with potential deteriorative service conditions that aggravate their properties irrespective of their age. Thus, there is a critical need to develop an appropriate test method to evaluate and identify concrete aging conditions in various structural components. In recent years, many researchers used hyperspectral technology as a nondestructive test method for assessing properties of concrete structures both in the laboratory and in-situ. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of laboratory research using hyperspectral technology to assess aging in concrete. In this test method, several controlled experiments have been carried out in a controlled environment to retrieve the spectral characteristics of concrete samples due to their exposure in an aggressive sodium chloride environment. The results indicate that spectroscopy can be successfully used as a nondestructive test method for the assessment of reinforced concrete aging.
INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRY RECOVERY ON STRESS STATE OF OPTIMIZED PARTS
Authors: Harl Boštjan , Predan Jožef , Kegl Marko , Dinevski Dejan
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses the influence of geometry recovery on actual stress fields within load-carrying parts that have to be reconstructed from the resulting surfaces obtained by topology optimization procedures. A typical result of a topology optimization process is a triangulated surface which represents the boundary of the optimized part. In a production environment, this triangulated surface is mostly used to reconstruct a proper CAD model of the optimized part. This process is by far not automated and may require significant skills and efforts. Unfortunately, it also unavoidably introduces variations in the geometry of the optimized part. Although visually these variations might seem to be rather minor, they may very quickly introduce significant stress field variations. These variations may result in harmful locally increased stress levels and even significant stress concentrations. To get more insight into these phenomena, the topology of a quasi-two-dimensional example part is optimized. The resulting geometry is then reconstructed with various levels of precision. For the obtained geometries, the stress fields are studied numerically. It is shown that stress field variations are indeed such that they may influence significantly the probability of fatigue crack initiation and consequently the service life of the part. Obviously, the geometry recovery after topology optimization should be done very carefully, especially if the part will be subject to cyclic loading during operation.
COMPARISON OF SHEAR WALLS AND MOMENT-RESISTING FRAMES IN EARTHQUAKE RESISTING BUILDINGS’ DESIGN
Authors: Abdallah Ahmad Sheikh , Chahal Safwan
Published: June 2020

The rapid growth of urban population and limited land space have greatly influenced the development of high-rise structures. Lateral loads have an important effect on the design as the building height increases. In order to resist lateral loads, safety and minimum damage should be the prime concern when designing tall buildings. To meet these requirements, the structure should have adequate lateral strength and lateral stiffness and sufficient ductility. Among the various structural systems, shear wall systems or moment resisting frame systems could be a point of choice for designers. Thus, it is important to review and observe the behavior of these systems under seismic effect. This study compared the seismic response of the above structural systems using a case study application at variable seismic zones (Zone 2B, Lebanon Zone, Zone 3, and Zone 4) and at different building stories (Eight and 12-story building). The seismic response is measured in term of time-period, maximum story displacement, maximum story drift, amount of steel and concrete needed. The outcome of this study portrayed that a shear wall system is more efficient in terms of cost and lateral load resistivity regardless of the building height and in the four seismic zones mentioned before.
EFFECT OF CFRP STRIPS BONDING LOCATION ON FLEXURAL CAPACITY AND DUCTILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS
Authors: Iskander Mina , Melad Mina , Yasser Mourad , Abdel Rahim Waleed , Mosa Amr , El Lahamy Mohamed , Abou-Zeid Mohamed , Sayed-Ahmed Ezzeldin Yazeed
Published: June 2020

Strengthening reinforced concrete beams using laminate of advanced composite materials has gained ground recently due to its lower cost and simplicity compared to traditional methods. These traditional methods are usually done by either increasing the reinforcement or the beam’s dimensions, which naturally requires formwork, and hinder the structural usage. One of the most impediments of using bonded laminate in strengthening beams is debonding. In flexural strengthening of beams, this debonding occurs via mid-span debonding or end-delamination of the laminate. Herein, ten RC beams were experimentally tested in flexure under three-point loading. The reinforced concrete beams have rectangular cross sections and were strengthened by bonded CFRP strips. Flexural strength and ductility were investigated in order to reveal the impact of changing the CFRP strips’ locations with respect to the beams’ cross section. The CFRP strips were attached to the reinforced concrete beams sides of bottoms. The first configuration is thought to reduce the effect of flexure cracks in the mid-span of the beams, which may delay the deboning of these laminates. In order to anchor the strips, close to the support and eliminate end delamination, CFRP sheets were wrapped at these locations. Based on the proposed configurations, the flexure strength of the beams increased by an average of 40%.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH WALLS BUILT WITH WELDED WIRE WALL PANELS
Authors: Hedjazi Saman , Solan Dejuan
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a finite element modeling of Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls using welded wire wall panels was performed. The implementation of finite element modeling and analysis proved to be quite efficient in simulating the three-dimensional behavior of wall panels that are a part of MSE walls. The comprehensive finite element model included defined concrete and steel material properties in order to present both the realistic behaviors of each component in the model as well as better facilitating and increasing the accuracy of the simulation of numerous finite element analysis (FEA) cases. FEA was employed to simulate welded wire wall panels under the applied loads and to consider varying parameters of the model. The standard finite element tool (Abaqus) was used to conduct the analysis. Demonstrated behaviors and the model’s performance were observed throughout the implementation of soil pressure and pullout loads on an anchorage system. The captured results were used to prove that the possibility of implementation of 3D panels as MSE wall facings, and to determine the mode of failure of panels, and to establish a sufficient anchorage system.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE INSPECTION MANUAL SEVERITY CODES AND MOMENT COEFFICIENT FOR DETERIORATED CONCRETE BEAMS
Authors: O'Flaherty Fin
Published: June 2020

Bridges form a vital part of any countries transport network. Roads users expect that these structures remain safely in-service day after day to enable travelers to complete their intended road journey without disruption. Concrete bridges in particular suffer deterioration due to the harsh environment that they are subjected to such as chloride attack from de-icing salts or carbonation attack due to the atmosphere. Inspection is, therefore, required to ensure that these structures are fit for purpose and safe to use. The UK Bridges Board has developed a comprehensive Inspection Manual to ensure all structures are uniformly inspected and to a high standard. The inspection process involves completing a proforma where defects are graded between 1 (no defect) to 5 (collapse). The inspector is able to use a table (Table G. 10) within the Inspection manual, which provides guidance on severity descriptions for different construction materials. However, for reinforced concrete beams exhibiting main steel corrosion, the relationship between severity of defect and loss of strength is not quantitatively obvious. The paper gives the bridge inspector an appreciation of the loss of strength as a result of corrosion to reinforced concrete simply supported beams. The analysis is mainly concerned with the predicted loss at severity code 3 from the manual, which assumes moderate defect/damage, with some loss of functionality.
NOVEL MORTAR CONTAINING WASTE GLASS AND CLAY BRICK POWDER FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Olofinnade Oluwarotimi , Chigere Cynthia , Nduka David , Joshua Opeyemi , Ogunbayo Babatunde
Published: June 2020

Due to the increasing need for sustainability, the need for a cleaner environment and resources conservation has now become very important. This study investigates the possible utilization of waste glass powder combined with pulverized fired clay brick wastes as a partial replacement for Portland cement in the production of mortar. The fired clay bricks and glasses were sourced as waste materials and then crushed into powder form. It is then combined and used to partially substitute Portland cement in the mortar at replacement levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50% using a mix ratio of 1:2.75 at 0.5 water-binder ratios. Physical, chemical and morphological characterization was carried out on the pulverized materials. Further, the compressive strength test was carried out on casted 100 mm cube samples after curing by immersion in water. Obtained results revealed the pozzolanic reactivity potential of the blended waste glass and fired clay brick powder due to their amorphousness and high silica content, while also exhibiting similar oxides compositions. Moreover, the obtained compressive strength results of the blended mortar depict improved strength especially at an optimum value of 15% cement substitute with the blended fired clay brick and glass powder compare to the control. It is therefore suggested that blended mix of waste glass and fired clay brick powder with cement can be used in mortar component instead of open disposal in a landfill.
Implementación del método de escasez en la determinación de la huella hídrica en la zona costera de San Blas, México
Authors: Bueno Pérez Sara Edith , Marceleño Flores Susana , Nájera González Oyolsi , De Haro Mota Rebeca
Published: June 2020

Contexto: El agua es esencial para la vida y la conservación de su calidad es vital. La cantidad de agua dulce existente en la Tierra es limitada, y su calidad está sometida a una presión constante. Esta problemática hace necesario generar herramientas que permitan medir los impactos potenciales que causan las actividades humanas sobre el recurso hídrico. Por ello, esta investigación determina la huella hídrica en la zona costera de San Blas, México.

Método: Este trabajo estima la huella de agua en la zona costera del municipio de San Blas, Nayarit (México), a partir del método de escasez de agua, que tiene lugar cuando la demanda supera el suministro de agua dulce en un área determinada. Este método considera el índice de estrés hídrico en su cálculo.

Resultados: La huella de agua para cuantificar el volumen total del líquido utilizado por los habitantes resulta inferior al promedio nacional. De esta manera, la zona de estudio no presenta estrés hídrico, ya que la extracción de agua no ha superado su disponibilidad.

Conclusiones: La huella hídrica por el método de escasez puede considerarse como un indicador de la proporción de extracciones anuales y disponibilidad de agua; permite realizar comparaciones de la presión a la que está sometido el recurso hídrico entre zonas, regiones y países. Además, puede contribuir a la planificación de la distribución y gestión del agua en uso agrícola y urbano, en regiones como este estudio, donde el área de uso agrícola supera el 35 %. La estimación de la huella hídrica presentada en este trabajo considera la relación entre la extracción de agua dulce para uso humano y su disponibilidad total de agua en una región dada (WSI), el volumen distribuido y el porcentaje de cobertura de agua potable del área en estudio.
INTERPOLASI KRIGING DALAM PEMODELAN GSTAR-SUR DAN GSTARX-SUR PADA SERANGAN HAMA PENGGEREK BUAH KOPI
Authors: Pramoedyo Henny , Ashari Arif , Fadliana Alfi
Published: June 2020

The GSTAR and GSTARX models normally can only be formed from observed locations. The problem that sometimes occurs is that not all locations that want to be modeled have complete data as well as other locations. This study uses GSTAR and GSTARX modeling using SUR approach and combines them with the kriging interpolation technique for forecasting coffee berry borer attack in Probolinggo Regency. This modeling is called GSTAR-SUR Kriging and GSTARX-SUR Kriging. This study aims to determine the best model between GSTAR-SUR Kriging and GSTARX-SUR Kriging for forecasting coffee borer attack in an unobserved location. The result of this study shows that GSTAR-SUR Kriging and GSTARX-SUR Kriging models can be used for forecasting coffee berry borer attack in unobserved locations with high forecast accuracy shown by MAPE values <10%. In this study the GSTARX-SUR Kriging model (1,[1,12])(10,0,0) is the best model for forecasting boffee berry borer attacks in unobserved locations.
PERAMALAN LANGSUNG DAN TIDAK LANGSUNG MARKET SHARE MOBIL MENGGUNAKAN ARIMAX DENGAN EFEK VARIASI KALENDER
Authors: Titi Dea Astri , Kuswanto Heri , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: June 2020

Based on BPS data, the transportation industry sector contributed to about 8.01% of Indonesia's economic growth. The rapid growth of the transportation industry is also followed by the development of the automotive industry in Indonesia. The Exclusive Lisencee Agent of the Astra International group won a market share of 57% in April 2017. PT. Astra Daihatsu Motor, which is one of its subsidiaries, has a very rapid sales increase of 15% every year until Daihatsu's market share rises to 17.3%. Data from the Gabungan Industri Kendaraan Bermotor Indonesia (Gaikindo) shows an upward trend in car sales a month before Idul Fitri. This study carried out Daihatsu's direct and indirect market share forecasting using ARIMAX with a variety of calendar effects consisting of trends, monthly seasonal effects and Idul Fitri effects. The results indicated that  indirect forecasting through forecasting the car sales for each brand and total market using ARIMAX outperforms the others and is able to capture the pattern of the testing data. The resulting SMAPE value of ARIMAX is smaller than direct forecasting and indirect forecasting using ARIMA.
SPILLOVER EFFECT INFLASI DAGING SAPI ANTAR KOTA: APLIKASI METODE BEKK-GARCH UNTUK JAKARTA, SALATIGA, DAN SURABAYA
Authors: Wahyuni Ribut Nurul Tri , Nasrudin Nasrudin
Published: June 2020

Beef consumption in Indonesia tends to increase and its price fluctuates. In addition to internal factors, the volatility of beef inflation can also be influenced by other regions (spillover effect). Using BEKK-GARCH model, we try to show spillover effect the volatility of beef inflation in Jakarta, Salatiga, and Surabaya. The transmissions of news effects occur from Jakarta and Surabaya to Salatiga and from Jakarta and Salatiga to Surabaya. Transmission of two-way volatility occurs between Jakarta and Surabaya. Furthermore, the transmission of one-way volatility occurrs from Jakarta to Salatiga. Price fluctuation in consumer areas will be followed by price fluctuation in other consumer areas and producer areas. Therefore, controlling beef inflation should be began from consumer areas.
Preventing Urban Crime for Gender Mobility through Human Scale in Trans Semarang Bus Stop
Authors: Karistie JF , Rakhmatulloh Anita Ratnasari
Published: June 2020

Community safety and crime prevention in the context of the livable city have a tight connection with the practice of human scale. Trans Semarang Bus Rapid Transit as a safe transportation mode is becoming the heart of urban activities that connects various social activities. The ideal condition could be achieved when there is an application of the human scale at the bus stop, without external interference in the process of mobility. As grounded evidence, there are 4 crimes cases that reported on Trans Semarang, not including unreported cases. Indicators in this research cover: the time using BRT, the waiting time at the bus stop, and the changing of human behaviour. Hence, a great human scale characteristic will determine the capability of urban transportation society services. Otherwise, bad human scale characteristics might increase the crime rate. The research will focus on identification of the impact on the human scale variables to the crime rate in Trans Semarang bus stop. It will take place in Semarang Central Business District: Pandanaran, Pemuda and Gajahmada as the center of urban activities served by Trans Semarang. It will conduct a quantitative descriptive research method with the cross-tabulation test. The result is human scale indeed has a positive connection with the crime rate.
Vliv terénní exkurze na modifikaci žákovských prekonceptů odborných pojmů
Authors: Chocholoušková Zdeňka , Hajerová Müllerová Lenka
Published: June 2020

Přínos terénní výuky je zjišťován v realizovaném výzkumném šetření, které prostřednictvím kognitivního mapování umožňuje zaznamenat kvantitativní i kvalitativní změnu/posun v zastoupení (v četnosti) vybraných přírodovědných pojmů. Žáci s hlubším zájmem o biologii, kteří absolvovali jednodenní výběrovou exkurzi, vypracovali konceptové mapy před a po exkurzi na základě předložených pojmů (se kterými se na exkurzi setkali). Pojmy žáci zároveň před i po exkurzi definovali. Na základě vysvětlení konceptových map před a po exkurzi byl hodnocen počet pojmů před a po exkurzi, jejich odborná správnost, počet a správnost propojení a počet křížových propojení mezi jednotlivými pojmy. Konceptové mapy byly analyzovány s použitím programů CMapTools a Gephi. U většiny žáků byl zaznamenán zásadní posun týkající se zvýšení počtu pojmů po exkurzi, přesnějšího zastrukturování, ale nebyl zaznamenán téměř žádný posun v použití propojovacích slov či vyjádření vazeb mezi jednotlivými pojmy.
Derecho agrario en la Amazonía – regionalismo jurídico
Authors: Gursen De Miranda Alcir , Eloana Themis
Published: June 2020

Due to numerous factors of both legal and non-legal nature, Amazon law as a branch of law encompassing the norms of environmental law and agricultural law has been separated within the Brazilian legal system. The aim of the article is to highlight the specificity of Amazon law as the legal order prevailing in a certain geographical region. The author claims that the goal of this branch of law – created according to the methodof neo-constitutionalism developed by P. Häberle – is to emphasise the importance of the cultural model of man typical of Amazonia. In the literature on the subject, this man is referred to as a caboco, a rural worker who carries out agricultural activities characteristic for the region, which connected with the production of manioc flour which is the staple diet of the population inhabiting the area. Over time, caboco’s “profession” led to the emergence of a socio-cultural space known as the ‘culture of cassava’ studied within the research on the social formation of Amazonia conducted by S. Benchimol and E. Moreira. In the author’s opinion, the Brazilian legal system as a whole does not respect the rights of local communities and therefore a legislative action should be taken to guarantee full operation of the regional customary law in the Amazon region.
High-efficiency, large-area lattice light-sheet generation by dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Shi Fenghua , Wen Jing , Lei Dangyuan
Published: June 2020

Lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM) was developed for long-term live-cell imaging with ultra-fine three-dimensional (3D) spatial resolution, high temporal resolution, and low photo-toxicity by illuminating the sample with a thin lattice-like light-sheet. Currently available schemes for generating thin lattice light-sheets often require complex optical designs. Meanwhile, limited by the bulky objective lens and optical components, the light throughput of existing LLSM systems is rather low. To circumvent the above problems, we utilize a dielectric metasurface of a single footprint to replace the conventional illumination modules used in the conventional LLSM and generate a lattice light-sheet with a ~3-fold broader illumination area and a significantly leveraged illumination efficiency, which consequently leads to a larger field of view with a higher temporal resolution at no extra cost of the spatial resolution. We demonstrate that the metasurface can manipulate spatial frequencies of an input laser beam in orthogonal directions independently to break the trade-off between the field of view and illumination efficiency of the lattice light-sheet. Compared to the conventional LLSM, our metasurface module serving as an ultra-compact illumination component for LLSM at an ease will potentially enable a finer spatial resolution with a larger numerical-aperture detection objective lens.