bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coronary Angioplasty Using a Low Osmolar Nonionic Contrast Medium
Authors: Kjellevand T. O. , Kløw N. E. , Vatne K. , Lærum F. , Vik H. , Endresen K. , Levorstad K.
Published: June 2015

This study was performed to investigate the occurrence of acute angiographic and clinical complications following PTCA using a low osmolar nonionic contrast medium. Five hundred consecutive PTCA procedures were analyzed retrospectively. The incidence of acute in-laboratory complications during PTCA as well as complications occurring during the hospital stay 24 to 48 hours after the procedure were recorded. Occlusion of the dilated artery or a side branch was observed in 19 (3.8%) of the procedures, major dissection in 34 (6.8%), and thrombus in 14 (2.8%). One patient died, 6 (1.2%) required emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 4 (0.8%) required an emergency PTCA, and 7 (1.4%) suffered myocardial infarction (MI). Our results show that angiographic findings of thrombus, major dissection and occlusion were serious conditions that related to the clinical complications MI, emergency CABG and re-PTCA. Patients with unstable angina were risk patients for both angiographic and clinical complications. Low rates of intraarterial thrombus formation and coronary artery occlusion indicate good angiographic technique and anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication.
Iodide Mumps after Intravascular Administration of a Nonionic Contrast Medium
Authors: Christensen J.
Published: June 2015

Swelling of the submandibular, sublingual and/or parotid glands (“iodide mumps”) is an uncommon complication to intravascular administration of contrast material. The etiology remains unclear, but the reaction seems to be idiosyncratic or related to toxic accumulation of iodide in the ductal systems of the salivary glands. The introduction of nonionic contrast media has not eliminated the risk of developing iodide mumps. The first reported case of iodide mumps after intravascular administration of iopromide (Ultravist 300) is presented.
Dy-DTPA-BMA as an Indicator of Tissue Viability in MR Imaging
Authors: Nilsson Stefan , Wikström Mats , Martinussen Hans J. , Ericsson Anders , Wikström Gerhard , Waldenström Anders , Øksendal Audun N. , Hemmingsson Anders
Published: June 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate whether dysprosium (Dy) induced signal intensity (SI) loss in infarcted tissue in MR imaging. Myocardial infarction was induced in 12 pigs and Dy-DTPA-BMA (1.0 mmol/kg b.w.) was administered i.v. to 6 pigs 4 hours after occlusion and allowed to accumulate in the infarctions for 2 hours. Dy was analysed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry in infarcted and non-ischaemic tissue samples. The remaining 6 pigs, not administered contrast medium, served as controls. The infarctions demonstrated a high SI in the proton density- and T2-weighted sequences in both groups ( ex vivo), although the Dy-DTPA-BMA group demonstrated a 3-fold greater concentration of Dy in infarcted compared with non-ischaemic myocardium. The lack of SI loss after Dy accumulation indicates that susceptibility effects are minor or absent in infarcted myocardium.
Ultrasonically Guided Insertion of a Peritoneo-Gastric Shunt in Patients with Malignant Ascites
Authors: Lorentzen T. , Sengeløv L. , Nolsøe C. P. , Khattar S. C. , Karstrup S. , von der Maase H.
Published: June 2015

Purpose:

A new method for internal drainage of malignant ascites is presented in 5 patients with symptomatic malignant ascites.

Material and Methods:

US-guided percutaneous gastrostomy and paracentesis were performed using the Seldinger technique. A 2.5-mm Cope-loop catheter was inserted in the fluid-filled stomach. In the lower abdomen the proximal part of a Denver peritoneo—venous shunt was introduced after dilation up to 4.8 mm. The pump chamber was sutured to the skin. The distal part of the Denver shunt was cut a few cm from the pump chamber and connected to the gastrostomy catheter. When pumping, ascites is shunted to the stomach lumen.

Results:

The insertion presented no complications, and all shunt systems initially functioned well. However, the shunts had to be removed within the first 2 weeks because of mechanical problems such as clotting, leakage, and peritoneal septum formation. No infections were reported.

Conclusion:

The peritoneo—gastric shunt may present a therapeutic alternative in selected patients, but the mechanical problems have first to be solved.
Pituitary Microadenoma
Authors: Wu W. , Thuomas K.-Å.
Published: June 2015

Twenty surgically proven pituitary microadenomas were examined with MR imaging and CT. MR demonstrated 20 of 20 microadenomas: 90% of the tumors were hypointense on T1-weighted images before Gd-DTPA administration and in 45% the tumors were more clearly delineated postcontrast. CT demonstrated 19 of 20 diagnosed microadenomas: showing low attenuation in 85% of the tumors precontrast. Iohexol facilitated delineation of the tumors in 45%. Focal enlargement of the gland and diaphragma sellae convexity were more useful than infundibular tilting and sellar—floor erosion as ancillary findings supporting the diagnosis. In general, CT and MR agreed regarding the microadenomas' size and location, measurement of enlarged intrasellar contents, detection of the diaphragma sellae bulge, and demonstration of infundibulum abnormality. CT was more sensitive than MR in identifying sellar—floor erosion. We suggest that CT be the first method for demonstration of microadenomas.
A 3-D Method for Delineation of Activity Distributions and Assessment of Functional Organ Volumes with Spect
Authors: Wang Y. , Jacobsson H. , Jacobson S. H. , Kimiaei S. , Larsson S. A.
Published: June 2015

The distribution volume of an organ may have a clinical impact in many cases and various methods have been designed to make volume assessments. In this paper, we describe a new method for delineation of the distribution outline and volume determination. The method is based on smoothing, differentiation, image relaxation and voxel counting of single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) image sets with 3-D operators. A special routine corrects for the inherent thickness of the voxel-based outline. Phantom experiments, using a SPECT system with LEGP-collimator and a 64×64 acquisition matrix with 6.3×6.3 mm2 pixel size, demonstrated good correlation between the measured and the true volumes. For volumes larger than 120 cc the correlation coefficient was 0.9999 with SE 1.0 cc and an average relative deviation of 0.49%. For volumes below 120 cc, the accuracy was impaired due to low resolution power. By improving the system spatial resolution with an LEHR-collimator and a smaller pixel-size (4.1×4.1 mm2), good accuracy was achieved also for volumes in the range from 3 to 120 cc. Measurements of 15 differently shaped phantoms of volumes between 3 and 104 cc demonstrated high correlation between measured and true volumes: R=0.9921 and SE=0.74 cc (5.3%). For volumes as small as 3 and 5 cc, the difference between the true and the assessed volume was 0.6 cc. The reproducibility of the method was within 3% for volumes above 120 cc and within 7% for volumes below. Due to this accuracy, we conclude that the method can be applied for various clinical routine and research applications using SPECT.
Ultrasound at Scintigraphic “Intermediate Probability of Pulmonary Embolism”
Authors: Christiansen F. , Kellerth T. , Andersson T. , Ragnarsson A. , Hjortevang F.
Published: June 2015

For diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE), ventilation/perfusion lung scintigraphy is routinely used; approximately one-third of the patients will have the diagnosis “intermediate probability of PE” (inconclusive). In this group only about 33% are found to have pulmonary emboli if examined with pulmonary angiography. To evaluate the diagnostic, therapeutic, and economic consequences of ultrasound of the legs as a complementary diagnostic investigation to “intermediate probability”, 72 consecutive patients were investigated with bilateral ultrasound of the proximal deep veins of the legs and pulmonary angiography in a prospective study. Ten patients had PE, of whom 7 had deep venous thrombosis, and 62 had no PE, of whom 2 had deep venous thrombosis. The negative predictive value of ultrasound was 0.95. In view of the importance of adequate treatment and rational use of public health care expenditure, complementary diagnostics should be performed, and ultrasound is an adequate complementary investigation.
Scapholunate Distance in Children
Authors: Leicht P. , Mikkelsen J. Beck , Larsen C. Falck
Published: June 2015

Purpose:

To measure the scapholunate distance in normal wrists in a child population.

Material and Methods:

In 79 children with unilateral wrist trauma boths wrists were radiographed in p.a. and lateral views.

Results:

The median scapholunate distance ranged from 9 mm in the 7-year-old to 3 mm in the 15-year-old children. Baseline values are presented.
Offspring-Perpetrated Familicide
Authors: Fegadel Averi R. , Heide Kathleen M.
Published: June 2015

The majority of studies examining familicide involve the male head of the family killing his wife or intimate partner and children. Little research exists on familicide cases involving children killing one or both parents plus other family members (siblings, grandparents, etc.). This study used the National Incident-Based Reporting System, which currently contains arrest data for about 25% of the U.S. population, to examine familicide incidents perpetrated by adult and juvenile offenders over the 20-year period from 1991 to 2010. Fourteen cases of familicide involving two different family victim types were identified. None of these cases involved multiple offenders. Frequencies reported include victim, offender, and incident characteristics. The typical familicide offender was a White male approximately 26 years of age. Firearms predominated as murder weapons in these incidents; however, when a biological mother was one of the victims, offenders used more diverse methods. Only one case of familicide involved a female offender. Newspapers were searched to supplement available case information. Findings from this study were similar to cases identified by Liem and Reichelmann as “extended parricide cases” in their familicide study using Supplementary Homicide Report data. Study limitations, implications, and directions for future research are discussed.
Extending Recidivism Monitoring for Drug Courts
Authors: DeVall Kristen E. , Gregory Paul D. , Hartmann David J.
Published: June 2015

A wealth of research has been amassed documenting the effectiveness of drug treatment courts in addressing the needs of substance-abusing individuals involved with the criminal justice system. However, there is a relative dearth of research that examines the long-term impact of these programs on recidivism rates for both drug treatment court graduates and those unsuccessfully discharged from the program. In this study, we examine which demographic and programmatic/legal factors influence program disposition and recidivism rates of participants (both graduates and those unsuccessfully discharged) across the 5 years following their discharge from a drug treatment court program located in a suburban city in the Midwest. The study sample consists of 249 ( N = 249) male participants who have been out of the program for more than 5 years. Results from the univariate and multivariate analyses are provided, as well as policy implications, directions for future research, and study limitations.
Components of party polarization in the US House of Representatives
Authors: Brunell Thomas L , Grofman Bernard , Merrill Samuel
Published: June 2015

We specify the level of polarization in a two-party legislature as an explicit function of three factors: (1) the ideological heterogeneity of district median voters, (2) the distance between candidates of different parties in the same or ideologically comparable districts, and (3) partisan bias in choosing between candidates equidistant from the median voter. Our key empirical finding, reinforced by two alternative methods of calculation, is that, while changes in each factor have contributed to the present day extremely high level polarization in the US House of Representatives, at least 80% of the growth in that polarization from 1956 through 2008 can be attributed to a dramatic increase in the second of these factors: party differentiation at the district level.
An Action-Based Model of Cognitive-Dissonance Processes
Authors: Harmon-Jones Eddie , Harmon-Jones Cindy , Levy Nicholas
Published: June 2015

The action-based model extends the original theory of cognitive dissonance by proposing why cognitive inconsistency causes both dissonance and dissonance reduction. The model begins by assuming that many perceptions and cognitions automatically impel us to act in specific ways. It then posits that the negative affective state of dissonance is aroused not by all cognitive conflict but, specifically, when cognitions with action implications are in conflict with each other, making it difficult to act. The dissonance signals to the organism that there is a problem and that the cognitive inconsistency needs to be resolved so that behavior can occur. After presenting the action-based model, we review results from behavioral and neuroscience experiments that have tested predictions derived from it.
Frequent collaborative quiz taking and conceptual learning
Authors: Rezaei Ali R
Published: June 2015

This quasi-experimental study reports on the effectiveness of three assessment strategies for students’ performance. The primary goal was to determine whether there are any improvements in students’ conceptual learning when a frequent (weekly) quiz is used for grading purposes compared to using midterm and final examinations only. Another goal was to ascertain whether students perform better when they are allowed to work collaboratively on quizzes compared to students taking quizzes individually. The results showed that when the quizzes are open-book, and students have a chance to collaborate (discuss in pairs how to answer the quiz questions), they perform significantly higher in their final examinations and their final projects (an indicator of conceptual learning).
Structural study of Zn-exchanged natural clinoptilolite using powder XRD and positron annihilation data
Authors: Dimowa L.T. , Petrov O.E. , Djourelov N.I. , Shivachev B.L.
Published: June 2015

Zn-exchanged natural clinoptilolite was studied by powder X-ray diffraction and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The original clinoptilolite tuff was subjected to size fractionation by sedimentation and dissolution of cristobalite (opal-C). After Zn2+-exchange the purified clinoptilolite sample contained 2.2 Zn2+ions per unit cell. Structural details obtained by Rietveld refinement showed that the Zn2+cations are located in three sites (Zn1, Zn2 and Zn3) in the channels of the clinoptilolite. Site Zn1 is located in the centre of channel-A (Mg2+-M4 site). Site Zn2 is in channel-B, next to the calcium M2 position. A new Zn3 site is located in channel-A, in imminent proximity to Zn1. Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) was employed to assess the Zn exchange. As the cation content influences the free volume of the channels, the ionexchange process can be monitored by PALS. The results suggest the existence of two sizes of cavities, in accordance with the structural refinement.
High mobility group box 1 levels in large vessel vasculitis are not associated with disease activity but are influenced by age and statins
Authors: de Souza Alexandre W. S. , van der Geest Kornelis S. M. , Brouwer Elisabeth , Pinheiro Frederico A. G. , Oliveira Ana Cecília Diniz , Sato Emília Inoue , Andrade Luis Eduardo C. , Bijl Marc , Westra Johanna , Kallenberg Cees G. M.
Published: June 2015

Introduction

Takayasu arteritis (TA) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are large vessel vasculitides (LVV) that usually present as granulomatous inflammation in arterial walls. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that acts as an alarmin when released by dying or activated cells. This study aims to evaluate whether serum HMGB1 can be used as a biomarker in LVV.

Methods

Twenty-nine consecutive TA patients with 29 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Eighteen consecutive GCA patients with 16 HC were evaluated at the onset of disease and some of them during follow-up. Serum HMGB1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

In GCA patients at disease onset mean serum HMGB1 levels did not differ from HC (5.74 ± 4.19 ng/ml vs. 4.17 ± 3.14 ng/ml; p = 0.230). No differences in HMGB1 levels were found between GCA patients with and without polymyalgia rheumatica (p = 0.167), ischemic manifestations (p = 0.873), systemic manifestations (p = 0.474) or relapsing disease (p = 0.608). During follow-up, no significant fluctuations on serum HMGB1 levels were observed from baseline to 3 months (n = 13) (p = 0.075), 12 months (n = 6) (p = 0.093) and at the first relapse (n = 4) (p = 0.202). Serum HMGB1 levels did not differ between TA patients and HC [1.19 (0.45–2.10) ng/ml vs. 1.46 (0.89–3.34) ng/ml; p = 0.181] and no difference was found between TA patients with active disease and in remission [1.31 (0.63–2.16) ng/ml vs. 0.75 (0.39–2.05) ng/ml; p = 0.281]. HMGB1 levels were significantly lower in 16 TA patients on statins compared with 13 patients without statins [0.59 (0.29–1.46) ng/ml vs. 1.93 (0.88–3.34) ng/ml; p = 0.019]. Age was independently associated with higher HMGB1 levels regardless of LVV or control status.

Conclusions

Patients with TA and GCA present similar serum HMGB1 levels compared with HC. Serum HMGB1 is not useful to discriminate between active disease and remission. In TA, use of statins was associated with lower HMGB1 levels. HMGB1 is not a biomarker for LVV.
iTRAQ-based analysis of progerin expression reveals mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species accumulation and altered proteostasis
Authors: Mateos Jesús , Landeira-Abia Arancha , Fafián-Labora Juan Antonio , Fernández-Pernas Pablo , Lesende-Rodríguez Iván , Fernández-Puente Patricia , Fernández-Moreno Mercedes , Delmiro Aitor , Martín Miguel A. , Blanco Francisco J. , Arufe María C.
Published: June 2015

Introduction

Nuclear accumulation of a mutant form of the nuclear protein Lamin-A, called Progerin (PG) or Lamin AΔ50, occurs in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) or Progeria, an accelerated aging disease. One of the main symptoms of this genetic disorder is a loss of sub-cutaneous fat due to a dramatic lipodystrophy.

Methods

We stably induced the expression of human PG and GFP -Green Fluorescent Protein- as control in 3T3L1 cells using a lentiviral system to study the effect of PG expression in the differentiation capacity of this cell line, one of the most used adipogenic models. Quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ) was done to study the effect of the PG accumulation. Several of the modulated proteins were validated by immunoblotting and real-time PCR. Mitochondrial function was analyzed by measurement of a) the mitochondrial basal activity, b) the superoxide anion production and c) the individual efficiency of the different complex of the respiratory chain.

Results

We found that over-expression PG by lentiviral gene delivery leads to a decrease in the proliferation rate and to defects in adipogenic capacity when compared to the control. Quantitative proteomics analysis showed 181 proteins significantly (p < 0.05) modulated in PG-expressing preadipocytes. Mitochondrial function is impaired in PG-expressing cells. Specifically, we have detected an increase in the activity of the complex I and an overproduction of Superoxide anion. Incubation with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenger agents drives to a decrease in autophagic proteolysis as revealed by LC3-II/LC3-I ratio.

Conclusion

PG expression in 3T3L1 cells promotes changes in several Biological Processes, including structure of cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, calcium regulation, translation, protein folding and energy generation by the mitochondria. Our data strengthen the contribution of ROS accumulation to the premature aging phenotype and establish a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of proteostasis in HGPS.
Positive fixed points for convex and decreasing operators in probabilistic Banach spaces with an application to a two-point boundary value problem
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem
Published: June 2015

We establish a fixed point theorem for decreasing and convex operators in a probabilistic Banach space partially ordered by a normal cone. We give an application to the study of the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions to a two-point boundary value problem.
Human Chromosome Y and Haplogroups; introducing YDHS Database
Authors: Tiirikka Timo , Moilanen Jukka S
Published: June 2015

Background

As the high throughput sequencing efforts generate more biological information, scientists from different disciplines are interpreting the polymorphisms that make us unique. In addition, there is an increasing trend in general public to research their own genealogy, find distant relatives and to know more about their biological background. Commercial vendors are providing analyses of mitochondrial and Y‐chromosomal markers for such purposes. Clearly, an easy‐to‐use free interface to the existing data on the identified variants would be in the interest of general public and professionals less familiar with the field. Here we introduce a novel metadatabase YDHS that aims to provide such an interface for Y‐chromosomal DNA (Y‐DNA) haplogroups and sequence variants.

Methods

The database uses ISOGG Y‐DNA tree as the source of mutations and haplogroups and by using genomic positions of the mutations the database links them to genes and other biological entities. YDHS contains analysis tools for deeper Y‐SNP analysis.

Results

YDHS addresses the shortage of Y‐DNA related databases. We have tested our database using a set of different cases from literature ranging from infertility to autism. The database is at http://www.semanticgen.net/ydhs

Conclusions

Y‐chromosomal DNA (Y‐DNA) haplogroups and sequence variants have not been in the scientific limelight, excluding certain specialized fields like forensics, mainly because there is not much freely available information or it is scattered in different sources. However, as we have demonstrated Y‐SNPs do play a role in various cases on the haplogroup level and it is possible to create a free Y‐DNA dedicated bioinformatics resource.
Intrinsic anisotropy in fracture permeability
Authors: Mokhtari Mehdi , Tutuncu Azra N. , Boitnott Gregory N.
Published: June 2015

Contrary to the assumption in cubic law, the surface of fractures has some degree of roughness, which impacts their fluid dynamics. Incorporating the effect of roughness can improve the simulation of fluid flow in fractures and faults, as well as proppant transport in hydraulic fracturing. To investigate the effect of roughness on the fluid flow, we created a fracture using the Brazilian test, and its roughness was measured using a laser profilometer. Experimental permeability measurements showed a reduction in permeability as the effective stress increased. However, the unmatching surfaces of the fracture prevented its complete mechanical closure. Numerical simulations of the fluid dynamics were conducted on the measured fracture geometry. We determined that the hydraulic fracture aperture is less than the mechanical fracture aperture and that there was anisotropy in the fracture permeability. The ratio of hydraulic fracture aperture to mechanical fracture aperture, as well as anisotropy in fracture permeability, increased when the fracture aperture decreased. The anisotropy in fracture permeability was 45% at the lowest simulated fracture aperture. Integrating the experimental and numerical data, we estimated the fracture porosity and fracture permeability.
Forming History, Inhabiting Form in Marvell's “Upon Appleton House”
Authors: Shohet Lauren
Published: June 2015

Andrew Marvell's “Upon Appleton House” meditates on when and how forms and events become meaningful. The poem reveals the limitations of criticism that assumes rather than questions what constitutes history. Drawing on the literary-historical conventions of its inherited country house form while also engaging its immediate historical context of 1651 northern England, “Upon Appleton House” offers a dynamic, relational model of how history, form, and interpretation articulate one another's conditions of possibility. This suggests that criticism should acknowledge form as an element of history: that we should understand forms as hermeneutic and heuristic practices that can influence historical experience in addition to recording or mediating it. The poem's multiple timescales—which range from topical political crisis, to multigenerational dynastic heritage, to the life spans of birds and trees, to apocalyptic temporality—render history polychronic: individual moments achieve full historical significance when superimposed upon one another. The allegories of relationships between readers and the things they read in “Upon Appleton House” limn a contingent, supple interpretive practice charged with linking plural histories and textualities without reducing any to a mere index, foreshadowing, or figure of another. Reading forms in multiple ways and considering individual moments as intersections of different historical frameworks complicates relationships between history and literary history.
Psoriasis is characterized by deficient negative immune regulation compared to transient delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Gulati Nicholas , Suárez-Fariñas Mayte , Correa da Rosa Joel , Krueger James G.
Published: June 2015

Diphencyprone (DPCP) is a hapten that causes delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in human skin, and is used as a topical therapeutic for alopecia areata, warts, and cutaneous melanoma metastases.  We examined peak DTH reactions induced by DPCP (3 days post-challenge) by comprehensive gene expression and histological analysis.  To better understand how these DTH reactions naturally resolve, we compared our DPCP biopsies to those from patients with psoriasis vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory disease that does not resolve.  By both microarray and qRT-PCR, we found that psoriasis lesional skin has significantly lower expression of many negative immune regulators compared to peak DPCP reactions.  These regulators include: interleukin-10, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PDL2), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1).  Their decreased expression was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry.  To more completely determine the balance of positive vs. negative immune regulators in both DPCP reactions and psoriasis, we developed one comprehensive gene list for positive regulatory (inflammatory) genes, and another for negative regulatory (immunosuppressive) genes, through Gene Ontology terms and literature review.  With this approach, we found that DPCP reactions have a higher ratio of negative to positive regulatory genes (both in terms of quantity and expression levels) than psoriasis lesional skin.  These data suggest that the disease chronicity that distinguishes psoriasis from transient DTH reactions may be related to absence of negative immune regulatory pathways, and induction of these is therefore of therapeutic interest.  Further study of these negative regulatory mechanisms that are present in DPCP reactions, but not in psoriasis, could reveal novel players in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation.  The DPCP system used here thus provides a tractable model for primary discovery of pathways potentially involved in immune regulation in peripheral tissues.
Semiosis and ‘meaning as use’: The indispensability and insufficiency of subjectivity in the action of signs
Authors: Deely John
Published: June 2015

Thematic development of semiotics proves to be a transformative event for intellectual culture, manifesting itself to begin with in its reshaping of the usage of many philosophical terms in their reflection of mainstream modern philosophy as its influence has sedimented down the level of ordinary language, i.e., today’s common speech. Central among these terms are subject and object as modern usage has established their sense, a sense which proves incompatible with the understanding of things that is emerging from the cenoscopic analysis of the being and action of signs. In particular also the term ‘relation’, surely among the most widely used and least analysed terms of philosophy today, proves upon semiotic analysis to require a whole new understanding of the subjectivity/objectivity and object/thing distinctions as they have come to be more or less “settled” in modern usage. This essay explores the implications for such usage consequent upon the postmodern development of semiotics as the “doctrine” or “cenoscopic science” of signs.
Semiosic translation: A new theoretical framework for the implementation of pedagogically-oriented subtitling
Authors: Torres Martínez Sergio
Published: June 2015

In this paper, I explore a new type of semiotic translation in the context of Audiovisual Translation Studies (AVTS). To that end, a set of formulaic sequences bestowed of pragmalinguistic value (hedging strings) is analysed. It is argued that the semiotic analysis of conversational features in English may contribute to facilitate their pedagogical exploitation in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. This analysis builds theoretically on a semiotic translational framework termed Semiosic Translation (and its subset, Semiosic Subtitling) predicated upon three types of translation: (i) Metaleptic translation; (ii) indexical translation; and (iii) translation as dynamic discontinuity. The translational rationale thus arrived at is deemed to account for what it is that binds together linguistic signs with other sign systems.
The Role of the Regional Component of the History OF Medicine in the Education of the Younger Generation of Doctors
Authors: Терешкина  , Tereshkina Olga
Published: June 2015

This article substantiates the idea of the importance of possessing historical information on the development of the medical branch in a particular region, in which a future specialist study and plans to continue medical activities. The author gives special attention to the significance of moral examples worthy of imitation for the generation of future doctors. She focuses on such parts of the medical profession and personality of the doctor, as spiritual culture, level of education, high moral position and responsibility. The idea of the necessity and usefulness of involving students in research activities in the study of the history of health care in the region is considered in this article. In the article the relevance of such studies is due to the need to minimize medical errors, and as a consequence – iatrogeny for the development experience, formation and qualifying as a doctor. The main content of the article is devoted to the description of the process of a comprehensive study of the history of health in Tula and Tula region
Type and timing of stream flow changes in urbanizing watersheds in the Eastern U.S.
Authors: Hopkins Kristina G. , Morse Nathaniel B. , Bain Daniel J. , Bettez Neil D. , Grimm Nancy B. , Morse Jennifer L. , Palta Monica M.
Published: June 2015

Linking the type and timing of hydrologic changes with patterns of urban growth is essential to identifying the underlying mechanisms that drive declines in urban aquatic ecosystems. In six urbanizing watersheds surrounding three U.S. cities (Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, and Pittsburgh, PA), we reconstructed the history of development patterns since 1900 and assessed the magnitude and timing of stream flow changes during watershed development. Development reconstructions indicated that the majority of watershed development occurred during a period of peak population growth, typically between 1950 and 1970. Stream flow records indicated significant increases in annual frequency of high-flow events in all six watersheds and increases in annual runoff efficiency in five watersheds. Annual development intensity during the peak growth period had the strongest association with the magnitude of changes in high-flow frequency from the pre- to post-development periods. Results suggest the timing of the peak growth period is particularly important to understanding hydrologic changes, because it can set the type of stormwater infrastructure installed within a watershed. In three watersheds there was a rapid (∼10-15 years) shift toward more frequent high-flow events, and in four watersheds there was a shift toward higher runoff efficiency. Breakpoint analyses indicated these shifts occurred between 1969 and 1976 for high-flow frequency and between 1962 and 1984 for runoff efficiency. Results indicated that the timing of high-flow changes were mainly driven by the development trajectory of each watershed, whereas the timing of runoff-efficiency changes were driven by a combination of development trajectories and extreme weather events. Our results underscore the need to refine the causes of urban stream degradation to incorporate the impact of gradual versus rapid urbanization on hydrologic changes and aquatic ecosystem function, as well as to recognize that the dominant drivers of hydrologic changes are heterogeneous among urban watersheds and vary over time.
High-Dose Loperamide Abuse Inducing Life-Threatening Cardiac Arrhythmias; Topiramate-Induced Diarrhea in a Breastfed Infant; Danazol-Induced Stevens—Johnson Syndrome; Asenapine-Induced Myasthenic Syndrome; Black Hairy Tongue Due to Linezolid; Adalimumab-Induced Priapism
Authors: Mancano Michael A.
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MEDWATCH program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MEDWATCH, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Experience with Tolvaptan for Euvolemic and Hypervolemic Hyponatremia in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Olin Jacqueline L. , Mitchell Gwen , Cremisi Henry
Published: June 2015

Background

Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder and is associated with multiple comorbidities. Management strategies are varied and etiology-dependent. The use of tolvaptan, a vasopressin antagonist, outside of clinical trials has not been well characterized.

Objectives

To quantify tolvaptan compliance with institutional guidelines and make recommendations concerning reasonable expectations for its role in hyponatremia management.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study in a 125-bed community hospital. Patients admitted in 2013 who received at least one dose of tolvaptan were included.

Results

Thirty-seven patient encounters were evaluated. Tolvaptan was prescribed with 83.7% adherence to the institutional order set. Mean age was 71 ± 16.4 years with 20 (54%) females. Hyponatremia was a contributory cause of admission in 15 (40.5%) patients and offending medications were discontinued in 7 (19%). Causes of hyponatremia included syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), heart failure, and cirrhosis in 78.3%, 8.2%, and 13.5% of participants, respectively. Management included fluid restriction in 19 (51%) and furosemide in 5 (13.5%), with tolvaptan administration on average 3.2 days after admission. Most patients (78.4%) required ≤2 doses. Sodium concentration was elevated 8 mEq/L by the end of hospitalization. Discharge to palliative care or death occurred in 8 (21.6%). Postdischarge review revealed 3 (8%) maintained sodium concentration ≥130 mEq/dL.

Conclusion

Tolvaptan was initiated after other interventions and with limited duration per institutional guidelines. This cohort had complicating underlying chronic diseases. These results will be used to refine recommendations with pharmacist input for risk/benefit stratification based on reasonable expectations.
Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Leonard James , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E.
Published: June 2015

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. A drug class review is now published monthly with The Formulary Monograph Service. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The May 2015 monograph topics are palbociclib, lenvatinib, nivolumab, ferric pyrophosphate citrate solution, and secukinumab. The Safety MUE is on non-opioid injectable pain or fever medications.
A Primer on Prescription Drug Abuse and the Role of the Pharmacy Director
Authors: Harvin Andre , Weber Robert J.
Published: June 2015

Prescription drug abuse, or using a prescription drug in a way not intended by the provider, has become such an issue in the United States that in 2013 the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classified it as a new epidemic. The goal of this article is to provide pharmacy directors with a primer on prescription drug abuse and its prevention. This article will cover the causes and societal impact of prescription drug abuse, review recent and proposed strategies to prevent prescription drug abuse, and discuss efforts within the health system to reduce the risks of narcotic diversion that can lead to prescription drug abuse. There are several health and societal factors that have contributed to the rise in prescription drug abuse. As there is no singular contributory factor to this epidemic, there is no easy solution for proper containment and monitoring of prescription drug use. Pharmacy directors play a vital role in the safe use of prescription medications by providing for fail-safe systems for accounting and controlling prescription drugs. In addition, pharmacists can play a role in educating patients and health care workers on the dangers of prescription drug abuse. Health systems should form teams to identify drug diversion and provide an intervention that demands accountability while helping the impaired professional. Health system pharmacy directors must play an integral role in these efforts and continue to seek opportunities to reduce any risks for prescription drug abuse.
Technology is Becoming Integral to the Success of Patient Engagement
Authors: Fox Brent I. , Felkey Bill G.
Published: June 2015

Health systems can adopt the most advanced information systems and employ a facility full of progressive providers, but many of their efforts may fail if patients are not engaged. Blending the outputs of electronic health records in every transition, sharing and exchanging health information, and populating personal health records are among the technologies that are increasingly being used to bring patients inside the process and participating in the circle of care.
Les défis de la traduction du théâtre multilingue: le cas de Requiem for the Last Kaiser
Authors: Massoua II Marcelline
Published: June 2015

The translation of multilingual theatre presents challenges since it queries the generally accepted definition(s) and characteristics of translation as a process and as a product. To date, much research has been carried out with regards to multilingual translation and theatre translation
separately, but less on both (multilingual theatre translation), thus doubling the challenge. The aim of this study is to examine the different strategies, techniques and thought processes involved in solving the challenges encountered in the translation of the multilingual play Requiem for
the Last Kaiser (1998), written by the Cameroonian playwright Bate Besong and recounting the population’s uprising against a dictatorship in a neo-colonial country. This study identifies these challenges and compares the strategies and techniques used to translate the multilingual occurrences
in Requiem for the Last Kaiser to those currently recommended in Translation theory as well as by ­practitioners.

La traduction du théâtre multilingue présente des défis puisqu’elle remet en question les définitions et les caractéristiques
généralement acceptées de la traduction en tant que processus et produit. Plusieurs chercheurs se sont penchés sur la traduction multilingue et la traduction théâtrale séparément mais on rencontre peu l’association des deux (traduction
théâtrale multilingue), ce qui ajoute au défi initial. Le but de cette étude est d’examiner les différentes stratégies, techniques et procédures mises en œuvre pour aborder les défis rencontrés dans la traduction de
la pièce de théâtre multilingue Requiem for the Last Kaiser (1998). Elle a été écrite par le dramaturge camerounais Bate Besong et raconte le soulèvement de la population d’un État néocolonial contre son pouvoir dictatorial.
La recherche s’est faite en identifiant ces défis et en comparant les stratégies et techniques effectivement utilisées dans la traduction des occurrences multilingues de Requiem for the Last Kaiser et celles préconisées par les théories traductologiques
et les praticiens.
Actuaciones forestales de la Comunidad Económica Europea: el ejemplo del departamento francés de Bouches-du-Rhône
Authors: Montiel Molina Cristina
Published: June 2015

La protección del bosque mediterráneo, ante el proceso de progresiva degradación ecológica, y frente a la constante amenaza de los incendios forestales, constituye uno de los objetivos fundamentales de la ayuda que presta la Comunidad Económica Europea en favor del medioambiente. El departamento francés de Bouches-du-Rhône viene siendo beneficiario de este tipo de acciones comunitarias a partir de 1980, en el marco del I Plan Quinquenal F.E.O.G.A. y de los Programas Integrados Mediterráneos, aplicados por primera vez en el departamento en 1987. En este sentido, la ayuda económica prestada por las Comunidades Europeas ha permitido el desarrollo de una eficaz política de protección y de mejora forestal, basada en la repoblación de terrenos desprovistos de vegetación, en la regeneración de formaciones edáficas y vegetales degradadas, en la ordenación forestal y en la defensa de los montes contra los incendios.
La conservación de los caminos alicantinos en el siglo XIX
Authors: Vera Ferre Jesús Rafael de
Published: June 2015

La conservación de las carreteras de Alicante en el siglo XIX viene caracterizada por su falta de continuidad, la escasez de presupuesto, las dificultades tecnológicas y el efecto de la climatología y el relieve.
Interpretación de los paisajes agrarios de la Toscana a fines del siglo XVIII por el ilustrado G.B. Landeschi
Authors: Hernández Hernández María
Published: June 2015

A finales de la centuria ilustrada en amplios sectores de la Toscana se observan claros indicios de degradación ambiental (disminución de la superficie arbolada, intensificación de los procesos de pérdida de suelos en oteros y colinas, etc.) que se tradujeron en la aparición de una nueva postura ante el medio natural (política de plantíos, nueva ordenación de los espacios agrarios). Afirmaciones que pueden sintetizarse en unos principios, (armonización del desarrollo económico y protección de la naturaleza o defensa de los usos potenciales del suelo), que gozan de una gran vigencia en la actualidad. Principios que aparecen claramente reflejados en "Saggi di Agricoltura".
Actividad, empleo y paro turístico en las regiones españolas (1991-1995)
Authors: Marchena Gómez Manuel J. , Santos Pavón Enrique Luis
Published: June 2015

El artículo pretende realizar un primer acercamiento al análisis del mercado de trabajo en la actividad turística y su significación territorial y socioeconómica tanto a nivel estatal como regional. Tras un primer planteamiento conceptual y metodológico, se comprueba para las dos escalas citadas el comportamiento claramente positivo que ha tenido el sector turístico —en especial el segmento hotelero— en cuanto al sostenimiento y expansión del empleo entre 1991 y 1995. A pesar de estos datos cuantitativos, se deja entrever cierta preocupación por el crecimiento de la eventualidad, una velada descualificación profesional y el alto grado de estacionalidad en determinadas regiones. En cualquier caso, el artículo examina las diferencias espaciales, a escala regional, de la actividad turística española, mirada desde la perspectiva del mercado de trabajo.
Deficiencies of the Rule of Law and the Legal Culture, and Its relationship to Underdevelopment
Authors: Fonseca Francisco Javier
Published: June 2015

For many years research on development has been focused on complex economic models. However, the underdevelopment phenomenon entails important cultural aspects which have been barely explored. One of those aspects is the relationship between legal culture and the rule of law, and its effects on development. The aim of this article is to find evidence of the relationship between the lack of the binomial rule of law/legal culture and underdevelopment. The article states that legal culture and rule of law, as factors for development, are a binomial, meaning that, in the research of development/underdevelopment phenomenon, those factors are to be studied together. Rule of law, in terms of its relationship with development, should not be conceived as a mere formal expression of generalized submission to laws, including on the part of the organs of the State itself, but it should also be observed from a broader perspective. Hence its necessary connection with the legal culture, as the existence of these laws and the actual fact that people, generally, be conscious of them and their conduct be guided by them. The existence of the binomial rule of law/legal culture constitutes, in this way, a framework for the flourishing of development in a given region or country.
Öffentlichkeitsarbeit in der Stadt-und Regionalbibliothek Frankfurt (Oder)
Authors: Wissen Dirk
Published: June 2015

Die Stadt- und Regionalbibliothek Frankfurt (Oder) hat in den letzten Jahren ihre Aktivitäten im Bereich der Öffentlichkeits- und Veranstaltungsarbeit intensiviert. Durch zahlreiche Kooperation mit Kultureinrichtungen, Buchhandlungen und Unternehmen ist es ihr gelungen, ein starkes Netzwerk aufzubauen und das Image der Bibliothek neu zu prägen.
Long-Run Effects of Catholic Schooling on Wages
Authors: Jha Nikhil , Polidano Cain
Published: June 2015

Previous studies have linked Catholic schooling to higher academic achievement. We add to the literature on Catholic schooling by examining its effect on long-term wages in Australia, independent of effects on academic achievement. Using panel data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics Australia (HILDA) survey and fixed effects estimation, we find that during the prime-age of a career, wages for Catholic school graduates progress with labor market experience at a greater rate, on average, than wages for public school graduates. Importantly, we find no evidence to suggest that these benefits are peculiar to Catholic schooling, with similar benefits estimated for graduates of independent private schools. These findings suggest that private schooling may be important in not only fostering higher academic achievement but also in better preparing students for a working life.