bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Widespread non‐coding polymorphism in HLA class II genes of International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop cell lines
Authors: Turner Thomas R. , Hayward Daniel R. , Gymer Arthur W. , Barker Dominic J. , Leen Gayle , Cambridge Charlotte A. , Macpherson Hannah L. , Georgiou Xenia , Cooper Michael A. , Lucas Jonathan A. M. , Nadeem Daud , Robinson James , Mayor Neema P. , Marsh Steven G. E.
Published: January 2022

As the primary genetic determinant of immune recognition of self and non‐self, the hyperpolymorphic HLA genes play key roles in disease association and transplantation. The large, variably sized HLA class II genes have historically been less well characterized than the shorter HLA class I genes. Here, we have used Pacific Biosciences Single Molecule Real‐Time (SMRT®) DNA sequencing to perform four‐field resolution HLA typing of HLA‐DRB1/3/4/5, ‐DQA1, ‐DQB1, ‐DPA1 and ‐DPB1 from a panel of 181 B‐lymphoblastoid cell lines from the International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshops. By interrogating all exons, introns, and the untranslated regions of these important reference cells, we have improved their HLA typing resolution on the IPD‐IMGT/HLA database. We observed widespread non‐coding polymorphism, with over twice as many unique genomic sequences identified compared with coding sequences (CDS). We submitted 263 unique sequences to the IPD‐IMGT/HLA Database, often from multiple cell lines, including 114 confirmations of existing alleles, of which 30 were also extensions to full‐length genomic sequences where only CDS was available previously. A total of 149 novel alleles were identified, largely differing from their closest reference allele sequences by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). However, some highly divergent alleles were deemed to be recombinants, only detectable by full‐length sequencing with long, phased reads. The fourth‐field variation we observed allowed fine mapping of linkage disequilibrium patterns and haplotypes to particular ancestries. This study has highlighted the under‐appreciated non‐coding diversity in HLA class II genes, with potential implications for population genetic and clinical studies.
Readiness of the Kenyan public health sector to provide pre‐referral care for severe paediatric malaria
Authors: Amboko Beatrice , Machini Beatrice , Githuka George , Bejon Philip , Zurovac Dejan , Snow Robert W.
Published: January 2022

Objective

To assess readiness among primary public health facilities in Kenya to provide pre‐referral antimalarials for severe malaria.

Methods

Nine national surveys of randomly selected primary public health facilities undertaken bi‐annually between 2017 and 2021 were analysed. The outcomes included the availability of pre‐referral antimalarial drugs at the health facilities and health worker knowledge of recommended pre‐referral treatment for severe malaria.

Results

A total of 1540 health workers from 1355 health facilities were interviewed. Injectable artesunate was available at 46%, injectable quinine at 7%, and artemether at 3% of the health facilities. None of the facilities had rectal artesunate suppositories in stock. A total of 960 (62%) health workers were trained on the use of injectable artesunate. 73% of the health workers who had ever referred a child with severe malaria were aware that artesunate was the recommended treatment, 49% said that intramuscular injection was the preferred route of administration, and 60% stated the correct dose. The overall knowledge level of the treatment policy was low at 21% and only slightly higher among trained than untrained health workers (24% vs 14%; p < 0.001) and those with access to guidelines versus those without access (29% vs 17%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The readiness of primary health facilities and health workers to deliver appropriate pre‐referral care to children with complicated malaria in Kenya is inadequate. Further investments are required to ensure (a) availability of nationally recommended pre‐referral antimalarials; (b) appropriate training and supervision in their administration, and (c) monitoring of the entire referral process.
Prevalence of relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes ricinus ticks from eastern Slovakia
Authors: Bubanová Dominika , Majláth Igor , Vargová Blažena , Pipová Natália , Szekeres Sándor , Majláthová Viktória
Published: January 2022

Borrelia miyamotoi, recurrent fever borrelia, pathogenic to humans, has been found recently in Ixodes ricinus ticks. There is still little information about its circulation in nature and potential local impact on human health as well as the occurrence in natural localities. In our study, a total of 1609 ticks (745 nymphs, 358 females and 506 males) collected from different localities in eastern Slovakia were analysed using a polymerase chain reaction targeting a gene encoding glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpQ), which is specific to the Borrelia species in the relapsing fever group. B. miyamotoi was found in 3 nymphs, 6 females and 9 males of quested I. ricinus ticks. Although no human case of infection with B. miyamotoi has been reported in Slovakia yet, its presence needs to be studied to obtain knowledge regarding the prevalence and the distribution of this human pathogen in questing ticks and to increase medical healthcare awareness.
Contradicciones situacionales en el ejercicio de la revisoría fiscal
Authors: Ramírez Henao Driver Ferney
Published: February 2022

La revisoría fiscal, por su carácter independiente, se encuentra facultada para otorgar fe pública, esto es, garantizar el orden y la seguridad en las relaciones económicas realizadas entre el Estado y los particulares, o de estos entre sí. La revisoría fiscal cuenta con el aval estatal para generar confianza y proteger el interés general. Vigilar el interés general es defender de manera imparcial intereses públicos y privados, escenario que coloca a la revisoría fiscal en la mitad de dos categorías que pueden llegar a ser contrarias y conflictivas. Dado este dilema, desde una perspectiva sociológica-comprensiva se argumenta que la revisoría fiscal es ambivalente y por lo tanto genera una serie de contradicciones. En este trabajo se profundiza sobre las contradicciones vinculadas a la categoría de ambivalencia situacional. Para dar cuenta de tales contradicciones se realizaron 33 entrevistas a revisoras(es) fiscales en Cali, Medellín y Bogotá. A las entrevistas se les aplicó un análisis de contenido cualitativo y se logró observar que en el quehacer diario de algunas(os) revisoras(es) fiscales se presentan limitaciones debido a conocimientos especializados y tecnológicos, además de contradicciones asociadas a situaciones organizacionales coercitivas.
Cultura y dolor en mujeres zapotecas del istmo de Tehuantepec
Authors:   INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL (ESM), Fuentes Valdivieso Rocio
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer un acercamiento al estudio de la cultura y las formas de enfermarse. Este trabajo trata sobre una reflexión en torno a la multiculturalidad y las relaciones de género en el istmo de Tehuantepec Oaxaca, México. Interesa resaltar el aspecto emic, es decir, qué consideran las mujeres con respecto a las maneras de enfermarse de dolor y otras veces de algún padecimiento específico como resultado de un proceso agresivo como un acoso, maltrato, o lo que ellas significan como sufrimiento. Por ejemplo, la violencia laboral, la violencia intrafamiliar, la exclusión social, cuyas manifestaciones en algunas sociedades zapotecas las asocian con la vergüenza y la tristeza. Por ello se busca el análisis de la subjetividad de las mujeres para entender la significación de las diferentes maneras de enfermarse y rescatar de la cultura zapoteca las formas en que las mujeres enfrentan los procesos agresivos.
CATASTROFISMO Y PATRIARCADO EN LA PANDEMIA
Authors:   INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL (ESM), Fuentes Valdivieso Rocio
Published: January 2022

El objetivo es analizar las ideas catastrofistas como consecuencia del confinamiento en las mujeres y su relación con la expresión de la dominación masculina dentro de los hogares. Es una investigación cualitativa y las técnicas aplicadas son las entrevistas en profundidad, además de la utilización de medios electrónicos y el rastreo de casos de denuncia por las redes sociales. La suposición que rigió esta investigación es considerar que el catastrofismo en este momento de la pandemia no sólo obedece a una patología basada en las preocupaciones personales sino que tienen su antecedente en el conjunto de significaciones que hacen las mujeres sobre sus formas de vida, es decir, un conjunto de idealizaciones que se desdibujaron al observar de cerca sus vivencias personales que algunas de ellas se percataron no sólo de sus carencias emocionales y económicas, sino también por comprender que la violencia verbal y física, además del abandono emocional, el abuso de poder era una realidad que no podían dejar de sentir en corto plazo y menos con el aislamiento. A partir de estas manifestaciones emocionales el catastrofismo invadió sus emociones y la forma de percibir la vida. Los primeros hallazgos muestran que las mujeres desarrollaron ideas catastrofistas a partir de cuestionarse sobre sus formas de vida y que no podían cambiarlas fácilmente y menos con el aislamiento.
Molecular Mechanism by Which the GATA Transcription Factor CcNsdD2 Regulates the Developmental Fate of
Coprinopsis cinerea
under Dark or Light Conditions
Authors: Liu Cuicui , Kang Liqin , Lin Miao , Bi Jingjing , Liu Zhonghua , Yuan Sheng
Published: February 2022

The model mushroom
Coprinopsis cinerea
exhibits remarkable photomorphogenesis during fruiting body development. This study reports that the
C. cinerea
transcription factor CcNsdD2 promotes primary hyphal knot formation by upregulating
cfs1
,
cfs2
,
cgl1
, and
hyd1
.
Raman-Deuterium Isotope Probing and Metagenomics Reveal the Drought Tolerance of the Soil Microbiome and Its Promotion of Plant Growth
Authors: No Jee Hyun , Nishu Susmita Das , Hong Jin-Kyung , Lyou Eun Sun , Kim Min Sung , Wee Gui Nam , Lee Tae Kwon
Published: February 2022

Soil microbiome has played a critical role in the plant survival during drought. However, the drought tolerance of soil microbiome and its ability to promote plant growth under drought is still scarcely studied.
Psychological correlates of free colorectal cancer screening uptake in a Scottish sample: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Fawns-Ritchie Chloe , Miller Christopher B , van der Pol Marjon , Douglas Elaine , Bell David , O'Carroll Ronan E , Deary Ian J
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake in Scotland is 56%. This study examined whether psychological factors were associated with CRC screening uptake.

Design

Cross-sectional observational study.

Setting

This study used data from the Healthy AGeing In Scotland (HAGIS) pilot study, a study designed to be representative of Scottish adults aged 50 years and older.

Participants

908 (505 female) Scottish adults aged 50–80 years (mean age=65.85, SD=8.23), who took part in the HAGIS study (2016–2017).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Self-reported participation in CRC screening was the outcome measure. Logistic regression was used to test whether scores on measures of health literacy, cognitive ability, risk aversion, time preference (eg, present oriented or future oriented) and personality were associated with CRC screening when these psychological factors were entered individually and simultaneously in the same model.

Results

Controlling for age, age-squared, sex, living arrangement, and sex*living arrangement, a one-point increase in risk aversion (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.85) and present orientation (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.94) was associated with reduced odds of screening. Higher scores on health literacy (OR per one-point increase=1.20, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.31), cognitive ability (OR per SD increase=1.51, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.81) and the intellect personality trait (OR per one-point increase=1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09) were associated with increased odds of screening. Higher risk aversion was the only psychological variable that was associated with CRC screening participation when all psychological variables were entered in the same model and remained associated with CRC screening when additionally adjusting for deprivation and education. A backward elimination model retained two psychological variables as correlates of CRC screening: risk aversion and cognitive ability.

Conclusion

Individuals who are more risk averse are less likely to participate in free, home CRC screening.
Evaluation of low-dose colchicine in patients with cardiopulmonary bypass: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang He , Han Xikun , Pan Tuo , Zhang Hai-Tao , Zhong Kai , Li Ze-Shi , Jiang Xinyi , Pan Jun , Wang Dong-Jin
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Inflammation and myocardial damage caused by cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have been shown to be the major contributors to postoperative morbidity and mortality. Colchicine can reduce myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. However, there is a lack of evidence whether colchicine could reduce myocardial injury after cardiovascular surgery. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of low-dose colchicine on myocardial protection during perioperative period in patients who undergo cardiovascular surgery with CPB.

Methods and analysis

In this randomised controlled trial, a total of 132 patients will be recruited from the Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Patients will be randomised into the colchicine treatment group and control group with a ratio of 1:1. Patients in the colchicine treatment group will receive 0.5 mg of colchicine daily for 3 days before surgery and 0.5 mg of colchicine daily for 5 days after surgery. Patients in the control group will receive placebo instead of colchicine for the same schedule. Level of postoperative myocardial injury will be assessed as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes are biomarker levels for myocardial injury (such as creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin I, myohaemoglobin, type B natriuretic peptide, D-dimer) and inflammatory response markers (white blood cell, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, C reactive protein) for 5 consecutive days after surgery and poor postoperative outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by Medical Ethics Committee of Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical College (approval number: 2020-293-01). Study results will be disseminated through publication in an open access journal.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2000040129.
Theoretical constructs of smoking cessation among current tobacco smokers in India: a secondary analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2 (2016–2017)
Authors: Bhatt Garima , Goel Sonu , Soundappan Kathirvel , Kaur Rajbir
Published: February 2022

Background

Quitting tobacco smoking is a complex process, and the transtheoretical model describes the various stages of behaviour change that smokers experience to stop smoking. Predictors of intention to quit and stage of behavioural change could assist policy-makers in establishing tailor-made strategies to offer support.

Objective

In the current study, we analysed the determinants of cessation among 9499 current smokers of India recorded during the second Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2016–2017).

Methods

Bivariate analysis, multivariate analysis (binary logistic regression was performed for past quit attempts and intention to quit smoking in the future; multinomial logistic regression to understand predictors of various stages of change determining cessation behaviour of current smokers) was undertaken.

Results

The majority of the smokers was men (91.0%), in 25–44 years age group, (42.3%), daily wagers (37.4%) and resided in the rural area (73.3%), with bidi being the most commonly smoked product (72%). Nearly 72% tried to quit without any assistance with 36.6% (precontemplation), 27% (contemplation), 28% (preparation (or action)) and 8.1% in (relapse) stage. Men ((1.049); 95% CI 1.047 to 1.051), the primary (1.192; 95% CI 1.190 to 1.193) as well as higher education, being married (1.231; 95% CI 1.229 to 1.234) and urban residence (1.167; 95% CI 1.1.65 to 1.168) were found to be associated with higher prevalence of previous quit attempts. The regression modelling found out that intent to quit reduced with increasing age and was similarly prevalent with any level of education.

Conclusion

Understanding stages of behavioural change could assist the stakeholders in developing individualised interventions along with the development of intensive cessation protocols in clinical and public health settings.
Role of contextual and compositional characteristics of schools for health inequalities in childhood and adolescence: a scoping review
Authors: Herke Max , Moor Irene , Winter Kristina , Hack Miriam , Hoffmann Stephanie , Spallek Jacob , Hilger-Kolb Jennifer , Herr Raphael , Pischke Claudia , Dragano Nico , Novelli Anna , Richter Matthias
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To synthesise the evidence on the role of compositional or contextual characteristics of schools in the association between students' socioeconomic position and their health in primary and secondary education in developed economies.

Design

Scoping review. We included studies examining the role of at least one school or class characteristic on students’ health inequalities and was published since 1 January 2000, in English or German. We searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Education Resources Information Center. We provided a narrative synthesis and an overview of findings. School characteristics were grouped into five broad categories: school composition, school climate, school policies and organisation, food environment and facilities.

Results

Of 8520 records identified, 26 studies were included. Twelve studies found a moderating and 3 a mediating effect. The strongest evidence came from studies examining the moderating effect of school composition, that is, the negative impact of a low individual socioeconomic position on mental health and well-being was aggravated by a low average socioeconomic position of schools. Evidence concerning the role of school climate, school stratification (eg, performance base tracking) and sponsorship, food environment and sport facilities and equipment was generally weak or very weak and mostly based on singular findings. Overall, favourable meso-level characteristics mitigated the negative impact of low individual socioeconomic position on health outcomes.

Conclusions

School characteristics affect health inequalities in children and adolescents to some degree, but future research is necessary to strengthen the existing evidence and address under-represented aspects in school characteristics and health outcomes.
RetroBRACE: clinical, socioeconomic and functional–biomechanical outcomes 2 years after ACL repair and InternalBrace augmentation in comparison to ACL reconstruction and healthy controls—experimental protocol of a non-randomised single-centre comparative study
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Bühl Linda , Nüesch Corina , Pagenstert Geert , Mündermann Annegret , Egloff Christian
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Despite good clinical outcomes reported in the literature, to date, scientific evidence for the functional and biomechanical benefit of primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair with augmentation is scarce. We present an experimental protocol for a detailed multimodal (clinical, socioeconomic, functional and biomechanical) comparative study in patients after primary ACL repair and InternalBrace augmentation, patients after ACL reconstruction and healthy controls.

Methods and analysis

In this non-randomised single-centre comparative study with prospective data collection with three arms (patients 2 years after ACL repair and InternalBrace augmentation; patients 2 years after ACL reconstruction using hamstring autografts; and healthy controls), 30 participants per study arm will be included. The study is designed as non-inferiority study with three arms. Required sample size was estimated based on data reported in the literature on muscle strength, proprioception and balance parameters, resulting in at least 28 participants per group. Outcome parameters include patient-reported outcome measures (EQ-5D-5L, Tegner Activity Scale, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee and ACL-Return to Sports Injury Scale), socio-economic parameters, anterior tibial translation, range of motion and functional-biomechanical data of the lower extremities. Functional–biomechanical parameters include proprioception, isokinetic muscle strength, single-leg balance, walking, running and single-leg hops with additional lower extremity 3D joint kinematics and kinetics and muscle activity. These parameters will be compared between limbs in patients, between groups and to the current literature.

Ethics and dissemination

The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences. Ethical approval was obtained by the regional ethics board (Ethics Committee Northwest Switzerland EKNZ 2020–00551), and the study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov.

Trial registration number

NCT04429165.
Low-dose belimumab for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at low disease activity: protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sun Fangfang , Huang Wenyan , Chen Jie , Zhao Liling , Zhang Danting , Wang Xiaodong , Wan Weiguo , Dai Sheng-Ming , Chen Sheng , Li Ting , Ye Shuang
Published: February 2022

Introduction

SLE is a chronic inflammatory systemic autoimmune disease with relapsing–remitting pattern. B-lymphocyte stimulator was involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. The humanised monoclonal antibody belimumab with 10 mg/kg was effective for active patients. However, the efficacy of low-dose belimumab for prevention of disease flares in patients with SLE with low disease activity is to be explored.

Methods and analysis

This is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients who have Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment–Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) scores no higher than 6; with no A score or no more than one B score on the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) scale; and who are treated with prednisone (≤20 mg per day) at screening will be enrolled. 334 adults will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive intravenous 120 mg belimumab or placebo (saline) arm on weeks 0, 2, and 4, and then every 4 weeks until 48 weeks, with standard of care. The primary outcome measure is a composite index of severe or mild-to-moderate disease flares (SELENA-SLEDAI Flare Index) within 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes include the percentage of severe flare, the percentage of mild-to-moderate flare, time to first disease flare, changes in prednisone dose, SELENA-SLEDAI, as well as BILAG score, the percentage of patients achieving prednisone free and safety analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Renji Hospital, Huashan Hospital and the Sixth People’s Hospital. The trial has been registered and the detailed information is available athttps://clinicaltrialsgov/ct2/show/NCT04515719. The results of this clinical trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and key findings will also be presented at national and international conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT04515719.
Genome-wide identification of C2H2-type zinc finger gene family members and their expression during abiotic stress responses in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)
Authors: Shuai Yang , Feng Guangyan , Yang Zhongfu , Liu Qiuxu , Han Jiating , Xu Xiaoheng , Nie Gang , Huang Linkai , Zhang Xinquan
Published: February 2022

The C2H2-type zinc finger protein (ZFP) family is one of the largest transcription factor families in the plant kingdom and its members are involved in plant growth, development, and stress responses. As an economically valuable perennial graminaceous forage crop, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) is an important feedstuff resource owing to its high yield and quality. In this study, 125 C2H2-type ZFPs in orchardgrass (Dg-ZFPs) were identified and further classified by phylogenetic analysis. The members with similar gene structures were generally clustered into the same groups, with proteins containing the conserved QALGGH motif being concentrated in groups VIII and IX. Gene ontology and miRNA target analyses indicated that Dg-ZFPs likely perform diverse biological functions through their gene interactions. The RNA-seq data revealed differentially expressed genes across tissues and development phases, suggesting that some Dg-ZFPs might participate in growth and development regulation. Abiotic stress responses of Dg-ZFP genes were verified by qPCR and Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformation, revealing that Dg-ZFP125 could enhance the tolerance of yeasts to osmotic and salt stresses. Our study performed a novel systematic analysis of Dg-ZFPs in orchardgrass, providing a reference for this gene family in other grasses and revealing new insights for enhancing gene utilization.
A note on four-dimensional gradient Yamabe solitons
Authors: Leandro Benedito , Poveda Jeferson
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we prove that four-dimensional gradient Yamabe solitons must have a Yamabe metric, provided that an asymptotic condition holds. The [Formula: see text]-dimensional gradient Yamabe solitons are also considered.
Approximation Algorithms for Matroid and Knapsack Means Problems
Authors: Zhao Ao , Liu Qian , Zhou Yang , Li Min
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we concentrate on studying the [Formula: see text]-means problem with a matroid or a knapsack constraint. In the matroid means problem, given an observation set and a matroid, the goal is to find a center set from the independent sets to minimize the cost. By using the linear programming [Formula: see text]-rounding technology, we obtain a constant approximation guarantee. For the knapsack means problem, we adopt a similar strategy to that of matroid means problem, whereas the difference is that we add a knapsack covering inequality to the relaxed LP in order to decrease the unbounded integrality gap.
Simulation of fragments mass distribution of 237Np, 241,243Am and 239,242,244Pu isotopes in proton-induced fission
Authors: Pahlavani M. R. , Gazmeh M.
Published: January 2022

Fission fragments mass distribution of [Formula: see text]Np, [Formula: see text]Am and [Formula: see text]Pu isotopes in proton-induced fission at various energies are studied. In order to simulate fission fragments mass distribution, a semi-empirical formula with some adjustable parameters is developed. Adjustable parameters are obtained by least square fitting of simulated fission fragments mass distribution with experimental data for a isotope at a given energy. This formalism is developed based on Gorodisskiy’s method. This approach with a set of adjustable parameters is used to simulate the fission fragments mass distribution of proton-induced fission for various isotopes at different energies in the actinides region. Predicted results using our approach are compared with the results of the Gorodisskiy method as well as the available experimental data. Good correspondence is achieved between our simulated results with the available experimental data compared with the results of the Gorodisskiy method.
Investigation of alpha decay half-lives within a modified Woods–Saxon potential
Authors: Oudih M. R. , Ouhachi M. , Fellah M. , Allal N. H.
Published: January 2022

The predictive accuracy of the unified fission model based on a modified Woods–Saxon potential (UFMWS) is assessed by systematically calculating the decay half-lives of alpha emitters from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The computed results are compared with recent experimental data as well as with results obtained using different semi-empirical formulas. After confirming the performance of the UFMWS, we focus on the alpha decay of even-Z superheavy nuclei with [Formula: see text]. The comparison between the experimental and the theoretical alpha-decay energies extracted from four different mass tables as well as between the experimental half-lives and those calculated by UFMWS using the theoretical values have shown that the WS4 mass model is the most accurate in the region of superheavy nuclei. The alpha decay half-lives of the nuclei of interest have then been computed with the UFMWS by inputting the WS4 decay energies. The study of the neutron number variation of decay half-lives allowed to identify regions of increased stability and to predict neutron magic numbers.
Task Modelling of Sports Event for Personalized Video Streaming Data in Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Li Xiao , Manivannan P. , Anand M.
Published: January 2022

BCI games are widely familiar and accessible for brain stimulation; however, scientific research is insufficient to justify their effectiveness. Practical BCI game implementations are desperately required in concrete situations. Neurofeedback practice proposes a task modeling of a sports event in the Augmentative and Alternative Communication (TMSE-AAC) framework. People with autism will face new intellectual, engine, compartmental, and focus difficulties, which current techniques for other people cannot overcome. The game aims to keep children’s focus beyond a level to monitor a rider looking for missing farms. To monitor the viewer’s attention, TMSE-AAC uses BCI headphones. Via a 4-week implementation study of 12 autism students, TMSE-accessibility AAC’s and user interface were assessed. Our statistical findings indicate that TMSE-AAC is superior to a consumer BCI game used only to train guidance. TMSE-AAC can help children with autism effectively engage in guidance testing sessions by increasing their concentration and decreasing anxiety. Researchers focus closely on our architecture aspects and explore future job strategies.
Performance Evaluation of Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithms for Heterogeneous IoT Environment
Authors: Jammula Mounika , Vakamulla Venkata Mani , Kondoju Sai Krishna
Published: January 2022

Internet-of-Things (IoT) is an advanced intelligent infrastructure, which is formed by using multiple self-organizing devices. Here, the devices are utilized to examine the network and transfers the important information over internet. In this huge network, the unknown devices can create various attacks, thus the security and privacy of data is the major concerns. The major limitation in the IoT network is the devices are battery powered, so they can store low inbuilt resources. Thus, it is necessary to identify more resource optimized and security related solutions to address the problems generated in the network. In addition, the resources of the devices are consuming in higher speed due to the complex cryptography algorithms to maintain. Further, it is necessary to identify the suitable cryptography procedure for an automated IoT network along with data integrity. Therefore, this article aims to introduce the detailed survey on various cryptographic methods with their operational behavior such as asymmetric key cryptography (AKC) and symmetric key cryptography (SKC). This survey mainly focused on the cryptographic methods with respect to various attacks such as forgery and chosen-cipher text, denial of service; replay man-in-the middle, key reset, device capture and brute force attacks. Hence, the lightweight cryptography (LWC) is the prominent solution to mitigate all these attacks by using the deep learning methods and can maintain the higher security standards with the lower resource utilization in IoT environment.
Knowledge-Based Recommender System Using Artificial Intelligence for Smart Education
Authors: Yang Humin , Anbarasan M. , Vadivel Thanjai
Published: January 2022

Artificial intelligence can open modern opportunities and potentials for smart education. Smart learning purposes at providing holistic learning to learners utilizing modern technologies to fully prepare them for a fast-evolving world where adaptability is vital. With the advancement of technologies and within modern society, smart education will pose several challenges, like educational structures, pedagogical theory, educational ideology, technology leadership, and teachers’ learning leadership. Therefore, in this paper, an Intelligent Knowledge-based recommender system (IKRS) has been proposed using artificial intelligence for smart education. The recommendation is generated by the genetic algorithm and K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) utilizing the optimized weight attributes vectors that signify the learner’s opinions. The experimental results show that the suggested IKRS model enhances student-teacher interaction, student involvement level, learning quality and predicts students’ learning style compared to other existing methods.
The Control Method of Big Data Information Flow Based on Semantic Characteristics in Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Li Li
Published: January 2022

The control of local network information flow can effectively improve the real-time and smooth transmission of network information. Therefore, a big data information flow control method based on semantic features in the cloud computing environment is proposed. In the cloud computing environment, by calculating the network big data information frame size, calculating the data frame rate adjustment series, according to the detected big data information flow rate and transmission rate, to ensure that the big data information flow transmission rate is not less than the frame rate. The big data information flow is dynamically corrected and hierarchical controlled. According to the semantic feature extraction coefficient obtained by decomposition, a threshold is selected to reconstruct the original signal of the big data information flow and remove the communication interference of the big data information flow. Referring to the idea of network link weight, when balancing network congestion, the load of each big data information flow is balanced according to the bandwidth occupancy ratio of each big data information flow, and the load of each sub flow is balanced by setting the network bandwidth occupancy ratio parameter. By setting the network bandwidth occupancy ratio parameter of big data information flow, the load of each sub flow is balanced, and the real-time control of big data information flow is realized. Experimental results show that the big data information flow control method based on semantic features in the cloud computing environment can not only reduce the noise content of big data information flow, but also improve the control speed of big data information flow, with better control performance.
Design of Embedded Remote Software Update System Based on FPGA+ARM
Authors: Han Chenye , Liu Xinxin , Liu Baojing , Zhang Qiao
Published: January 2022

Software updates are one of the most critical considerations in the production phase of any IoT project at a very early stage. If a production team maintains the program, anything that goes wrong can be corrected, and new characteristics can be implemented promptly, provided remote upgrades are successful, secure, and trusted. The fast growth of embedded and wireless technologies has eventually led to the convergence of embedded and wireless systems. Therefore, products should be pushed into development beforehand to provide the potential for a different approach, including remote upgrades if new enhancements are ready or if bugs have been remedied with the existing version. For the most part, it’s good to have a software upgrade mechanism during the very early stages of the product or application definition. The paper offers an ARM and FPGA-based data acquisition framework. It aims to capture the bandwidth of wireless signals from 70[Formula: see text]MHz to 6[Formula: see text]GHz using the proposed framework in the article. The framework included the user interface to configure sample rate, bandwidth, sample center frequency, sample time, and data storage parameters for sampling — the proposed framework consists of software and software architecture for the hardware framework. The hardware is supported by ARM and FPGA. The software is based on the Xilinx software development kit (SDK). In particular, for fast transmission and storing of data over ETHERNET, a remote data acquisition scheme based on the server and client model is built.
Relationship Between Engineering Undergraduates’ Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy and Their Satisfaction with the Online Practicum Teaching
Authors: Chen Zhaojun , Lv Shuai , Qin Shouling
Published: January 2022

The online practicum teaching is necessary to provide practical experience for college students and to cultivate their employability. Students’ career decision-making self-efficacy makes students more likely to engage in the online practicum to acquire more practical skills in consideration of career selection, and predicts students’ satisfaction with the online practicum teaching. This study aims to find out influencing mechanism of college students’ career decision-making self-efficacy on their satisfaction with the online practicum teaching. The sample of 291 engineering undergraduates filled in the self-reporting questionnaires of career decision-making self-efficacy and the perception and satisfaction of the online practicum teaching quality. Correlation analysis revealed that there were significant positive correlations among students’ career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE), students’ perception of the online practicum teaching quality (SPOPTQ), and students’ satisfaction with the online practicum teaching (SSOPT). Mediation model analysis showed that CDMSE directly had a significant positive prediction effect on SPOPTQ and SSOPT respectively, and SPOPTQ presents partly mediating effect between CDMSE and SSOPT. College students have a higher degree of confidence in completing job-related tasks in the future career decision-making process. Such confidence can be positively transferred to the online practicum learning, stimulate the emotion and grit of students, and positively affect their perception quality and their satisfaction in the practical experience of the online practicum activities.
Cognitive Computing for Decision-Making and Choice Modeling of the Interactive Relationship Between Local Higher Education Development and Regional Economics
Authors: Gao Jingjing
Published: January 2022

Higher education plays an important role in the construction of a new growth engine of China’s economy under the new normal state. If innovation is likened to a new engine of economic growth in China, higher education is equivalent to energy and fuel provided by the engine energy for intellectual support and knowledge support. Based on Denison factor analysis, the panel data of 30 provinces in the east, middle and west of China from 1997 to 2014 was used to conduct the Cognitive computing for decision-making and choice about the impact of higher education level of human resources on China’s economic growth. The results show that the output elasticity of material capital gradually decreases from west to east, while the output effect of higher education increases gradually from west to east.
Identification Method of Vulnerable Lines in Power Grid Based on Comprehensive Sensitivity of Branches
Authors: Chang Congyao , Zou Qingyu
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a method of vulnerable lines identification in power grid based on comprehensive sensitivity of branches in order to effectively prevent large-scale cascading faults. Firstly, this paper improves the power transmission distribution factor, and consideres the influence of load rate of the branch. The sensitivity index of the branch power flow is proposed to reflect the sensitivity of the branch to the power flow transfer. Then, this paper modify the branch breaking distribution factor, and the branch breaking sensitivity is constructed to reflect the branch breaking vulnerability from the two aspects. Entropy weight method is used to allocate the weights of the two indexes to screen out the vulnerable lines in the system.The identification results are compared with related documents, and finally simulates by the IEEE39 system This paper uses three attack methods to attack, and the network transmission efficiency is used to reflect the changes of the attack method to the system. The results prove the feasibility and rationality of the method.
Application of Hadoop-Based Cloud Computing in Teaching Platform Research
Authors: Liu Chang
Published: January 2022

This article explains the knowledge properties for characterization and research outcomes. It deals with developing and integrating the Hadoop cloud computing platform. The platform utilized in this paper is a one-piece learning algorithm, a statistical model and a cloud-based selection model. Hadoop supports this model, which is suitable for data size computing. We develop Cloud Computing integrated Autocorrelation Function (CCiACF) computation model based on Hadoop learning and implement an efficient teaching platform research data processing and correlation system. Multiple simulations are conducted on the Hadoop platform under various operating conditions to check the training ability’s exactness and characteristics. The Spark Structure of this research is to successfully and effectively develop computational system performance and improve teaching platform research models using Hadoop based cloud computing. Various experimental studies have been performed, and findings indicate that the method proposed is highly successful in data collection, governance and analysis.
Research on the Main Points of Parallel Programming Technology Based on Heterogeneous System
Authors: Yang Xuejie , Ren Qianhua
Published: January 2022

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of high-performance computing hardware platform, the application of high performance for a wide range of high-performance, traditional parallel programming environment tools cannot meet the growing demand for high-performance applications and the face of parallel software development environment in a relatively backward state. The heterogeneous system of the new coprocessor with a high performance and power ratio can have high performance computing needs to provide the task to accelerate. As a result, heterogeneous systems are becoming a new trend in high performance computing. However, with the introduction of the new coprocessor and the expansion of the system scale, heterogeneous systems are difficult to program the problem is also increasingly prominent. In view of this problem, this paper adopts the abstract technology to enhance the granularity of parallel programming, and designs a structured parallel programming prototype system which can achieve different levels of implicit parallelism.
Some Properties of the Balanced Hypercube
Authors: Cheng Hui-Wen , Zhou Jin-Xin
Published: January 2022

As a variant of [Formula: see text], Huang and Wu in [IEEE Transactions on Computers 46 (1997) 484–490] introduced the balanced hypercube [Formula: see text] as an interconnection network topology for computing systems. In this paper, we show that [Formula: see text] is a lexicographic product of two graphs, and using this, we show that every minimum cyclic vertex-cut of [Formula: see text] isolates a 4-cycle, and prove that the edge neighbor connectivity of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text].
Produce of Selenium Nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser Ablation for Anticancer Treatments
Authors: Fahad Othman Abed , Abdulkareem Farah. A. , Mohammed Abubaker. S. , Kareem Omar A.
Published: January 2022

The most serious public health problems now involve antibiotic resistance and cancer that kills more than 15 million people per year which indicates that the existing antibiotics and chemotherapy are not as active as before. This paper provides nanotechnology as a possible answer. However, typical physicochemical nanomaterials production processes, frequently requiring the use of harmful catalysts, have environmental or social implications. This paper covers how to use the innovative liquid-pulsed laser ablation (LP-PLA) process to manufacture selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). After the first set of radiation at 500[Formula: see text]mJ laser energy and 100 pulses, a second set was employed to decrease the size to less than 100[Formula: see text]nm with the same condition. Therefore, two main groups of 80 and 10[Formula: see text]nm had colloidal solutions for spherical SeNPs. The particles were also more stable following the second round of irradiation. Furthermore, when SeNPs were grown with human dermal fibroblast cells at doses up to 1[Formula: see text]ppm, they had a mild cytotoxic impact. The potential of utilizing totally naked SeNPs produced using the novel LP-PLA procedure as a novel and efficient way of producing nanoparticles for biomedical applications is presented in this paper.
From the Editor: Coming to Our Sensors
Authors: Talbot Jan B.
Published: January 2022

How would I do research in my lab without sensors? My students and I measure weight, temperature, pressure, potential, current, concentration, pH, and conductivity routinely. We expect fast, accurate and dependable measurements with the correct selectivity and sensitivity for the range of values of importance in the particular environment of interest. We anticipate an easy calibration method to ensure the device is working correctly. Other desired attributes include long lifetime, good reproducibility, and stability.
Recycling Chlorine from Hydrogen Chloride: A New and Economical Electrolytic Process
Authors: Motupally Sathya , Mah Dennie T. , Freire Francisco J. , Weidner John W.
Published: February 2022

In the chemical industry, chlorine is one of the most widely used chemicals. The chlorine molecule is often used as a modifier or as an aid to manufacture other chemicals. Oftentimes, some or all of the chlorine used is reduced to hydrogen chloride, a waste byproduct.
Probing Vacancy Behavior in Complex Oxide Heterostructured Films
Authors: Zhu Jiaxin , Lee Jung-Woo , Lee Hyungwoo , Xie Lin , Pan Xiaoqing , De Souza Roger A , Eom Chang-Beom , Nonnenmann Stephen S.
Published: January 2022

Oxygen vacancies (Vo••
) play a critical role in the transport mechanisms within complex oxides, analogous to electrons and holes within semiconductors. Systems including memristors, all-oxide electronics, and electrochemical cells comprise substrate-supported thin films either in metal-insulator-metal or complex oxide heterostructure configurations. As well-studied defect chemistry dictates mixed electronic/ionic functionality, improving oxide-oxide interfaces necessitates a direct, spatial understanding of vacancy distributions that define electrochemically active regions. Here we show that vacancies deplete over large, micron-level distances within single crystalline perovskite Nb-doped SrTiO3 substrate (Nb:SrTiO3) substrates after typical vacuum film deposition and post-annealing processes. We demonstrate the conversion of the surface potential across a four-layer strontium titanate / yttria-stabilized zirconia (STO/YSZ) heterostructured film to spatially defined (< 100 nm) [Vo••
] profiles within STO through a unique combination of high temperature (500 °C), in situ scanning probes and classic semiconductor energy band diagram model analysis. Further comparison between room temperature and high temperature potential profiles clearly distinguishes between electronic-dominant and activated, ionic-dominant transport characteristics within the oxide layers. Consequently, we determined that oxygen scavenging by deposited films during pulsed laser deposition significantly reduce the Nb:STO, which is then partially reoxidized in the ambient environment during cooling. The results presented herein i) introduce the means to spatially resolve quantitative vacancy distributions across oxide films, and ii) pose the mechanism by which oxide thin film getters both enhance then deplete vacancies within the underlying substrate.