bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
US PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN LATIN AMERICA: FEATURES AND FORMS OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Klymchuk I.
Published: October 2024

Due to the growing geopolitical activity of countries such as China and Russia in Latin America, the United States is paying special attention to soft instruments of influence to maintain its position in the region. At the same time, the migration crisis, the war on drug trafficking, and the growth of anti-American sentiment in some countries of the region remain negative factors. Against the backdrop of these problems, public diplomacy is becoming a key instrument of influence, and its forms of implementation, such as digital campaigns, educational exchanges, and cultural initiatives, determine the country’s image and attitude towards it by Latin American partners and their societies in general. The United States’ strategic interest in Latin America is to strengthen its partnership in the Western Hemisphere. These countries share common borders, economic interests, security alliances, and a common goal of prosperity. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively analyze the peculiarities of the implementation of US public diplomacy in the Latin American region. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the development of US public diplomacy in Latin America and the most effective methods and tools for its implementation. The place of Latin American countries in the foreign policy of the United States is determined. The role of media, digital tools and outsourcing initiatives of the United States in the Latin American region is analyzed. Scientific, educational, cultural, and artistic initiatives such as the Fulbright Program, 100K Strong in the Americas, and others are among the most effective tools of soft influence. The impact of the American entertainment industry, in particular Hollywood cinema, on the region is studied.
COMBATING FOREIGN FUNDING AS A MECHANISM FOR ENSURING THE CONTROLLABILITY OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN RUSSIA
Authors: Kondratenko O.
Published: October 2024

The impact of state funding regulation on the functioning of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Russia is analysed. It was found that the state in the Russian Federation remains the main regulator of funding of NGOs and NGOs. Instead, the only source of existence for Russian non-governmental organizations for a long time remained foreign funding, which was provided by various foundations established to support the development of civil society and world democracy. It has been proven that foreign funding was especially necessary for those organizations that were critical of the Putin regime, and therefore deprived of any material support from the state. Political pressure on NGOs led to the departure of a significant part of active representatives of civil society from the country and a wave of closure of civil associations themselves, which were declared by so-called foreign agents. At the same time, the state intensified material support of loyal and pro-government organizations in order to maintain their support and create the visibility of the facade of civil society. A system of targeted grant support was formed for pro-government organizations. Thus, the Russian authoritarian regime is implementing a plan to subjugate the non-governmental sector. The authorities organized a tax algorithm for foreign organizations working in Russia, and also canceled benefits for NGOs disloyal to the authorities. It was confirmed that at the legislative level the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation was allowed to declare any NGOs as foreign agents at its own discretion. Against this background, the state ensured the formation and functioning of public pro-government structures, known as GONGOs. At the same time, independent media, which are also periodically included in the category of "foreign agents", suffer from the repressions of the Putin regime.
THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NATION STATE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN MODELS OF ENSURING COLLECTIVE SECURITY
Authors: Naichuk A. , Markitantov V.
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the role and place of the national state in the existing architecture of international security. The accent made upon the necessity of national states to be aware of the demand to ensure their own security needs in the face of increasing military threats and the destruction of the traditional international security system. Defined the problematic aspects of collective security, which became actualized as a result of the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of the national state in the conditions of the functioning of the modern system of collective security. In this research were used general scientific and special methods, in particular, analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization. The results of the work proved that despite the existence of mechanisms for ensuring collective security, the modern architecture of international security needs changes, because the full delegation of own security sovereignty in all its diversity is impossible today. This confirms the importance of the national state as a guarantor of its own sovereignty, which is forced to independently take measures aimed at expanding its own fighting capacity and consolidating society in order to protect strategic aspects of state functioning. Despite the importance of supranational associations for the protection of each individual ally, the existing formats of collective security do not replace the role of the nation state, but only complement it, providing additional tools for defending national interests. This article formed recommendations on the fundamental principles of ensuring national security by the state, which include, in particular: 1) the development of own army as the basis for the protection of territorial sovereignty, which, despite the existence of collective obligations and treaties, must be ready to conventional war; 2) consolidation of society within common cultural and ideological values; 3) ensuring information security, which is an important element of state sovereignty that is not delegated to institutions of collective security and requires exceptional actions of each individual state.
Succinic acid significantly affects the global expression of Oenococcus oeni PSU-1
Authors: Torres-Guardado Rafael , Esteve-Zarzoso Braulio , Rozès Nicolas , Bordons Albert , Reguant Cristina
Published: October 2024

Oenococcus oeni is the predominant lactic acid bacterium performing malolactic fermentation (MLF) in wine. Succinic acid, produced by yeasts during alcoholic fermentation, can improve the organoleptic properties of wine, but it can have a negative impact on O. oeni and MLF. The levels of succinic acid in wine can increase with the current use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts. In this work, transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq was performed in wine-like medium supplemented with 2 g/L succinic acid, and a control medium without it, during MLF performed by O. oeni PSU-1. Approximately 25 % of the 1,638 detected transcripts were downregulated, exhibiting half the expression of those in the control or less, and other 29 % were upregulated, with double expression or more. We found that genes of clusters of orthologous groups related to the metabolism of nucleotides, translation, and membrane transport were predominantly downregulated by succinic acid, while those related to the transport and metabolism of carbohydrates, transcription, inorganic ion metabolism and defense mechanisms were predominantly upregulated. Considering the greater upregulation of carbohydrate metabolism genes, we analysed those involved in the phosphotransferase system. In this first transcriptomic study of the effect of succinic acid on O. oeni, we observed a global cell response with many changes in gene expression related to the observed MLF delay by succinic acid.
The Comparison of PISA 2015-2018 Mathematics Trend Items Based on Item Response Times
Authors: Polat Muhsin , Kelecioğlu Hülya
Published: October 2024

This study aims to explore the intricate relationship between students' response times, item characteristics, and the effort invested during the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 and 2018 cycles. Through the analysis of data obtained from 69 mathematics trend items administered in a computer-based format across both cycles, this research investigates the dynamics of students' response times and their implications on effort and item characteristics. Findings reveal a significant increase in students' mean response times in the 2018 cycle compared to 2015, indicating potentially heightened effort and solution behavior. Notably, item formats exerted a substantial influence on response times, with open-ended items consistently eliciting lengthier response times compared to multiple-choice items. Additionally, a correlation between response times and item difficulty emerged, suggesting that more challenging items tend to consume more time, possibly due to the complexity of involved cognitive processes. Item based effort, assessed through Response Time Fidelity (RTF) indices, highlighted that a majority of students exhibited solution behavior across both cycles to the items.. Moreover, a decrease in the proportion of students displaying rapid-guessing behavior was observed in the 2018 cycle, potentially reflecting increased engagement with the assessment. While providing insights into the interplay of response times, item characteristics, and effort, this study emphasizes the need for further exploration into the multifaceted nature of effort in educational assessments. Overall, this research contributes valuable perspectives on nuances surrounding test performance and effort evaluation within PISA mathematics assessments.
Natural Recovery of Very Limited Elbow Flexion After Rare Lateral Humeral Condylar Fracture in a 4-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Ohta Koki , Matsui Yuichiro , Kato Hiroyuki , Kawamura Daisuke , Endo Takeshi , Momma Daisuke , Kamishima Tamotsu , Horie Tatsunori , Miyaji Hirofumi , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: October 2024

Case:

A 4-year-old boy developed malunion after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a rare lateral condylar humeral fracture running from the lateral humerus, through the trochlear cartilage, to the medial trochlea. Five months after ORIF, the active elbow flexion was limited to 50°. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a step-off of the anterior trochlear cartilage, causing the limited flexion. After conservative observation for 5 years, the flexion improved to 135° and MRI showed that the step-off had disappeared.

Conclusion:

This case indicates that it is possible for pediatric patients to recover their range of motion following malunion of an elbow fracture.
An Update on Spinal Cord Injury and Current Management
Authors: Carroll Austin H. , Fakhre Edward , Quinonez Alejandro , Tannous Oliver , Mesfin Addisu
Published: October 2024

» Spinal cord injury is associated with increased lifelong cost and decreased life expectancy.

» Current treatment guidelines have been limited to studies of small effect sizes and limited availability of randomized control trials.

» Recovery is best correlated with the initial American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale grade with A and B less likely to recover regarding ambulation as compared with C and D grades.

» Surgical intervention within less than 24 hours, especially in the cervical spine, has been associated with some motor improvement.

» The use of mean arterial pressure goals and steroids to maintain perfusion and decrease secondary injury requires further study to elucidate clearer evidence-based results.
Analysis of Green Accounting as Accountability of Hospitals
Authors: Muhammad Mualiyin  , Fitriyah Hadiah
Published: October 2024

General Background the growing concern for environmental sustainability has prompted organizations, including healthcare institutions, to adopt green accounting practices. Specific Background this study employs a literature review approach to examine the application of green accounting at a specific hospital, aiming to identify relevant theoretical references and documentation. Knowledge Gap despite the significance of green accounting in enhancing accountability and transparency in financial reporting, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding and implementation among healthcare institutions, particularly in the context of this hospital. Aims the study aims to analyze the current state of financial reporting based on green accounting, assess the application of green accounting principles, and evaluate the implementation of environmental prevention costs at the hospital. Results findings indicate that while the hospital has integrated environmental costs into general and administrative expenses, detailed green accounting reports are lacking. Additionally, staff awareness and understanding of green accounting principles remain insufficient, and the implementation of environmental prevention costs has not yet been realized. Novelty this study contributes to the literature by providing empirical insights into the application of green accounting in a healthcare setting, highlighting the need for improved practices. Implications the findings underscore the importance of enhancing knowledge and practices of green accounting within healthcare organizations to foster greater environmental accountability and sustainability. 
Highlights :
 

Integration of environmental costs into financial reporting is observed.
Lack of detailed green accounting reports hinders transparency.
Insufficient staff awareness of green accounting principles limits effectiveness.

Keywords : Green Accounting, Environmental Costs, Healthcare, Accountability, Financial Reporting
Self Disclosure Between Community Members Connect Group Via Whatsapp Media
Authors: Martinez Lea , Aesthetika Nur Maghfirah
Published: October 2024

. General Background: Self-disclosure plays a critical role in building interpersonal relationships by allowing individuals to share personal information that was previously undisclosed. In the digital age, platforms like WhatsApp facilitate such exchanges, especially in group settings. Specific Background: Connect Groups (CG) serve as a community for interpersonal interaction, and self-disclosure among members using WhatsApp is crucial for fostering deeper connections. Knowledge Gap: While self-disclosure has been widely studied, there is limited research on how it occurs within small digital communities like Connect Groups, particularly through messaging platforms like WhatsApp. Aims: This research aims to investigate the dynamics of self-disclosure among Connect Group members using WhatsApp, focusing on the dimensions of self-disclosure in this context. Results: The findings indicate that the majority of CG members fulfill several dimensions of self-disclosure, such as the amount, valency, accuracy, honesty, and intention dimensions. However, three dominant informants did not meet the intimacy dimension, indicating a lack of in-depth self-disclosure. Balanced disclosure among members is shown to contribute to resolving conflicts and strengthening interpersonal relationships. Novelty: This study provides new insights into the nuances of self-disclosure in digital communication within small communities, highlighting how certain dimensions are more prominent than others. Implications: The results suggest that fostering deeper self-disclosure in digital group settings like WhatsApp can enhance relationship quality, contributing to broader discussions on digital communication and group dynamics.

Highlights: 

Most CG members fulfill dimensions like accuracy, honesty, and intention in self-disclosure.
Intimacy dimension is less prominent, with some members showing limited in-depth sharing.
Balanced self-disclosure helps resolve conflicts and strengthens relationships in group settings.

 
Keywords: Self-Disclosure, WhatsApp, Connect Group, Interpersonal Relationships, Digital Communication
Improving Vocabulary Skills with Big Book Media in Elementary Students
Authors: Sulthoni Muhammad Hanani Rusydi , Fediyanto Niko
Published: October 2024

General Background: The use of multimedia resources in education has been recognized for its potential to engage young learners and improve language acquisition. Specific Background: Despite the growing interest in innovative teaching materials, there remains limited research on the effectiveness of specific formats, such as Big Book media, in enhancing English language skills among primary school students. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have not adequately addressed the impact of Big Book media on both learning and writing skills in elementary education contexts. Aims: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Big Book media in improving English learning and writing skills among primary school children at SDN X Candi. Results: A quantitative approach employing a Pretest-Posttest Pre-Experimental design was utilized, involving 30 third-grade students (13 boys and 17 girls). Data analysis through a T-test revealed a significant value (2-tailed) of 0.000, indicating a statistically significant improvement in skills after using Big Book media. Novelty: This research contributes new insights into the use of engaging and interactive teaching materials in language education. Implications: The findings suggest that integrating Big Book media in elementary classrooms can significantly enhance students' learning outcomes, supporting its implementation as a valuable educational resource in English language instruction.
Highlights:

Significant Improvement: The study found a statistically significant enhancement in students' learning and writing skills after using Big Book media.
Engaging Features: Big Book media includes singable patterns, bright colors, and attractive visuals that facilitate learning.
Quantitative Evidence: A Pretest-Posttest design was employed with 30 third-grade students, demonstrating the effectiveness of the intervention.

Keywords: Big Book, English learning, writing skills, primary education, multimedia resources.
Application-Based Flipbook Increases Student Learning Motivation
Authors: Ghifari Muhammad Zaky , Linggowati Tri
Published: October 2024

General Background: Effective learning media is crucial for fostering student engagement and understanding, particularly in mathematics education. Specific Background: However, teachers often lack variety in their instructional materials, leading to decreased student enthusiasm and challenges in grasping mathematical concepts. Knowledge Gap: Existing research has not sufficiently addressed the development and implementation of innovative digital media, such as flipbooks, in primary mathematics education. Aims: This study aims to improve the quality of application-based digital flipbook media for fourth-grade mathematics, focusing on recognizing flat shapes and understanding their area formulas. Results: Employing a research and development (R&D) methodology consisting of five stages—analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation—data were collected through questionnaires assessed by material experts, media experts, and educators. The validation results showed that media expert ratings were 93.75% and 85%, while material experts scored 90% and 80%, all categorized as "very feasible." Student feedback during a large group test yielded an 86.2% feasibility rating. Novelty: This study contributes to the field by presenting a validated digital flipbook as a novel educational tool for mathematics instruction. Implications: The findings suggest that integrating application-based flipbooks into the mathematics curriculum can significantly enhance the learning experience and motivation of fourth-grade students, promoting a more engaging educational environment.
Highlights:

Improved Engagement: The application-based flipbook significantly increased student enthusiasm for mathematics.
High Validation Ratings: Experts rated the digital flipbook as "very feasible," with scores above 85%.
Structured Development Process: The study utilized a comprehensive R&D methodology to create the educational tool.

Keywords: flipbook, application, mathematics, student engagement, educational media
Diorama as an Interactive Tool for Learning House Vocabulary
Authors: Nayoan Adinda Roro , Mandarani Vidya , Megawati Fika , Agustina Sheila
Published: October 2024

General Background: Effective learning media are crucial for enhancing language acquisition among elementary school students. Specific Background: Traditional teaching methods may not adequately engage students, highlighting the need for innovative approaches that foster interactive learning environments. Knowledge Gap: There is a lack of research on the application of three-dimensional teaching tools, such as dioramas, in vocabulary acquisition for English language learners. Aims: This study aims to develop a diorama as an interactive medium to teach house-related vocabulary in English to elementary school students. Results: The diorama features a visually appealing three-dimensional design and incorporates vocabulary targets identified by numbered sections. It employs velcro or fabric adhesive to facilitate the removal and placement of vocabulary terms, allowing students to match words with corresponding parts of the diorama. Novelty: This approach combines tactile and visual learning strategies, enhancing students' engagement and motivation in learning English vocabulary. Implications: The implementation of the diorama as a learning tool can significantly improve students' understanding of vocabulary, making it easier for them to connect words with their meanings through interactive activities in reading and speaking exercises. This innovative resource offers educators a novel method to enhance language learning in a classroom setting.

Highlights:

Interactive Learning: The diorama fosters engagement by allowing hands-on interaction with vocabulary.
Visual Aid: Its three-dimensional design helps students better understand and remember target vocabulary.
Motivation Boost: The innovative format encourages students to participate actively in English learning.

Keywords: diorama, vocabulary, interactive learning, English education, elementary students
The Effect of Networked Learning Model and Self-Efficacy on the Performance of Informatics Education Students in an Online Learning Environment
Authors: Alfiriani Adlia , Rini Faiza , Darman Regina Ade , Novita Rini
Published: October 2024

Online learning is becoming very popular nowadays in higher education, this is due to the increasing use of digital technology and the internet, the need to increase student affordability. The learning network model has been developed as an effective learning design in online learning which can be the right solution for. However, currently no empirical evidence has been found regarding the role of the learning network model, especially as moderated by self-efficacy. The aim of this research is to determine the role of the learning network model and self-efficacy on the performance of informatics education students in an online learning environment. The research design used was semi-experimental with a 2x2 factor. A total of 109 informatics education students for learning evaluation subjects were then divided into two groups, namely experimental and control. The research results show that the learning network model and self-efficacy have a significant effect on student performance in the cognitive aspect, while there is no significant effect in the psychomotor aspect. Other factors This can occur because there are other factors that can support the achievement of student skills besides learning self-efficacy.
Highlights: 

Significant Impact: The learning network model and self-efficacy significantly enhance cognitive performance in online learning environments.
Limited Effect: No significant impact was found on psychomotor skills, indicating other factors influence skill development.
Research Design: A semi-experimental 2x2 factor design was utilized with 109 informatics education students to assess the variables.

Keywords: Learning Network, Online learning environment, Student performance, Self-efficacy, Informatics education
Evaluating Legal Protections for Pedestrians and Infrastructure in Indonesia.
Authors: Firmansyah Febrian Dwi , Phahlevy Rifqi Ridlo
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The term "pedestrian" refers to individuals utilizing designated areas for walking, which is an essential form of transportation. Despite the provisions outlined in Law 22 of 2009 regarding pedestrian rights, many facilities remain underdeveloped, reflecting a governmental focus on motorized transport. Specific Background: Law 2 of 2022 aims to enhance road infrastructure and legal protections for pedestrians in Indonesia. This study examines the effectiveness of these laws in safeguarding pedestrian rights amidst ongoing urban development. Knowledge Gap: The current regulatory frameworks lack sufficient enforcement mechanisms and public awareness regarding pedestrian rights, particularly concerning safety and infrastructure availability. Aims: This research employs a statutory approach and sociological interviews to analyze existing pedestrian regulations and infrastructure conditions in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Results: The findings indicate that while there has been substantial progress in constructing sidewalks and enhancing infrastructure, pedestrian rights are still inadequately addressed, particularly for individuals with disabilities. Novelty: This study uniquely combines legal analysis with primary data collection to highlight the real-world implications of legislative changes on pedestrian safety and rights. Implications: The insights gained emphasize the need for increased governmental attention to pedestrian infrastructure and awareness campaigns to educate the public about their rights. This research serves as a foundation for further studies aimed at improving urban pedestrian conditions and informs policymakers on effective implementation of Law 2 of 2022 to enhance the quality of life in urban areas.
Highlights:
 

Enhanced Protections: Law 2 of 2022 strengthens pedestrian rights in Indonesia.
Infrastructure Growth: Improved sidewalks and pedestrian facilities in urban areas.
Knowledge Deficits: Public awareness of pedestrian rights needs significant improvement.

 
Keywords: Pedestrian Rights, Road Law, Infrastructure, Safety, Urban Development
Overcoming Barriers to Improve Halal Compliance in Indonesia
Authors: Rahma Anita Rizkia , Phahlevy Rifqi Ridlo
Published: October 2024

General Background: The regulation of halal products in Indonesia is critical for ensuring compliance with Islamic dietary laws and consumer protection. Specific Background: The Halal Product Guarantee Agency (BPJPH), established in 2014, manages halal certification, but its effectiveness is hindered by limited public resources, complex certification processes, and low public awareness. Knowledge Gap: While existing literature addresses the legal aspects of halal regulation, there is insufficient exploration of the socio-legal dynamics influencing compliance and enforcement in Indonesia. Aims: This study aims to analyze BPJPH's regulatory effectiveness in the halal certification process, identify the challenges faced, and propose actionable solutions. Results: Utilizing socio-legal methods, including legal analysis and interviews with key stakeholders such as the Ministry of Religion and the Indonesian Ulema Council, the findings reveal that BPJPH's implementation efforts are hindered by resource constraints and public ignorance about halal certification's significance. Novelty: This research uniquely integrates legal and social perspectives to provide a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory landscape, highlighting the interplay between law and societal values in shaping halal compliance. Implications: The study emphasizes the need for improved socialization, inter-agency collaboration, and educational initiatives to raise public awareness and enhance enforcement of halal products in Indonesia.
Highlights:
 

Regulatory Framework: BPJPH enforces halal certification under Law Number 33 of 2014.
Challenges: Resource limitations and public ignorance hinder effective implementation.
Socio-Legal Approach: Combines legal and social perspectives on halal compliance.

 
Keywords: halal certification, BPJPH, socio-legal methods, regulatory effectiveness, public awareness
Bridging Public Perception and Law Enforcement in Police Accountability
Authors: Nursukma Ananda Wahyu , Rosnawati Emy
Published: October 2024

General Background: Effective law enforcement is crucial for maintaining public trust and ensuring justice, particularly regarding police accountability in criminal acts. Specific Background: This research investigates public understanding and responses to law enforcement concerning police officers who fail to provide services. Despite the significance of reporting mechanisms, existing literature lacks comprehensive insights into the complexities and challenges involved in police reporting from the public’s perspective. Knowledge Gap: There is insufficient empirical evidence on how the public perceives and interacts with law enforcement processes, particularly in cases involving police misconduct. Aims: The study aims to analyze the dynamics of public reporting procedures related to police services and to assess the implications of these processes for improving the police system and public awareness of law enforcement. Results: Employing an empirical legal approach, the research utilizes direct observation and in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders to gather data. The findings reveal that public perceptions of police accountability are influenced by various factors, including awareness of reporting procedures and perceived efficacy of law enforcement responses. Novelty: This research offers a unique perspective by integrating empirical data to elucidate the complexities surrounding police reporting and public engagement with law enforcement. Implications: The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges within the police reporting system and highlight potential solutions for enhancing justice and order in society, thereby fostering a more transparent and effective law enforcement framework.
Highlights:
 

Public Perception: Examines public views on police accountability and reporting.
Research Method: Employs empirical approaches through observations and stakeholder interviews.
Improvement Solutions: Identifies challenges to enhance justice and public trust in policing.

 
Keywords: police accountability, law enforcement, public reporting, empirical legal approach, justice system
Foam Flood in Yates Reservoir for Improving Oil Recovery
Authors: Panda Manmath , Valdez Raul
Published: October 2024

The Yates reservoir is a major, multibillion-barrel legacy oil reservoir in west Texas, USA, discovered in 1926. Oil production mainly comes from the San Andres formation, which is a highly fractured dolomite rock. The fractures in the reservoir provide preferential pathways for fluid flow, leading to early breakthrough of injected fluids and reduced sweep efficiency. As a result, even though a number of secondary and tertiary injection techniques have been implemented over the field’s history to improve the sweep, only a third of the original oil in place has been recovered thus far. The majority of the bypassed oil is believed to remain in the matrix.

In this paper, we describe a foam flood that has been implemented at Yates to sweep the bypassed oil in the matrix rock. Foam flooding in the Yates reservoir involves injecting a surfactant, along with the produced gas (PG) into the reservoir. The surfactant reduces the surface tension between the gas and liquid phases, creating a stable foam. This foam is then injected into the reservoir to improve oil recovery. In the case of the Yates reservoir, foam flooding can address several challenges specific to fractured carbonate reservoirs. Foam flooding helps mitigate poor sweep efficiency issue by reducing the mobility of the injected gas, forcing it to contact and displace more oil within the matrix.

An extensive laboratory program was implemented to select suitable surfactants that produce stable foam in Yates’ fluids and rock system. Several corefloods were also conducted at the reservoir conditions to evaluate the benefits of a foam flood at Yates. The coreflood results indicate that an incremental oil recovery of 13–16% can be achieved by a foam flood.

A 3D compositional simulation model around the injection pattern of Yates Field Unit (YFU) 4045 was developed to evaluate the field implementation of the foam flood at Yates. The simulation model used the foam parameters derived from the laboratory experiments. The simulation results indicated that a field pilot can be implemented to achieve improved recovery in pattern YFU 4045.

A continuous foam injection pilot was implemented for a period of 6 months by simultaneously injecting PG and surfactant solution with average concentration of 1,200 ppm that resulted in an average foam quality of 50%. Several surveillance techniques were implemented to confirm foam formation, such as setting a downhole pressure gauge and running injection profiles with and without the foam. A gas tracer was also injected to verify if gas diversion was achieved because of the foam injection.

An analysis of the pattern producer performance shows a significantly higher incremental oil recovery after the foam flood compared with the initial estimates. A dimensionless scaling technique was developed using the foam flood pilot results to expand the foam flood to other areas of the field.
Neurofibromatosis Type I (NF1) and Bone Involvement in a pediatric setting: Insights from FGF23 Levels
Authors: Rodari Giulia , Citterio Valeria , Ikehata Masami , Mattinzoli Deborah , Scuvera Giulietta , Grilli Federico , Profka Eriselda , Giacchetti Federico , Collini Valentina , Risio Alessandro , Cesaretti Claudia , Natacci Federica , Alfieri Carlo , Mantovani Giovanna , Giavoli Claudia
Published: October 2024

Background
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by extremely different phenotypes, sometimes including reduced bone mass. The underlying cause of bone impairment in these patients remains poorly understood, especially in children. Previous studies in mice and single reports in NF1 patients with osteomalacia have shown elevated serum FGF23 levels. The aim of this study was to explore for the first time these results in NF1 pediatric patients to eventually provide biological insight into bone involvement in NF1.
Methods
This is an observational, cross-sectional, single-centre study evaluating FGF23/αKlotho levels, as well as other markers of bone metabolism and densitometric parameters in 31 children affected by NF1 and comparing them to 21 age- and sex-matched controls.
Results
We enrolled 31 patients with NF1(M/F 13/18; 11.7 ± 2.9 years). After correction for bone age, BMAD Z-score was<-2SDS in 5/31 patients (16.1%). No difference was found between FGF23 and αKlotho between NF1 patients and controls. No association was found between auxological, biochemical, genetic and radiological parameters and FGF23 values.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this represents the first study assessing FGF23 levels in NF1 children and its possible relationship with decreased bone mineral density. Contrarily to previous observations, no significant differences were found between NF1 patients and controls regarding FGF23 and αKlotho levels. Additionally, there was no clear association between FGF23 and bone involvement, thus suggesting that this phenomenon is not FGF23-driven or FGF23 derangements might occur later in life. Further research is needed to understand the multifactorial mechanisms and determine optimal intervention strategies.
The Guideline for Building Fair Multimodal Medical AI with Large Vision-Language Model
Authors: Yan Bo , Zeng Wenqi , Sun Yuqi , Tan Weimin , Zhou Xue , Ma Chenxi
Published: October 2024

Multimodal medical artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognized as superior to traditional single-modality approaches due to its ability to integrate diverse data sources, which align closely with clinical diagnostic processes. However, the impact of multimodal information interactions on model fairness remains unknown, leading to a critical challenge for equitable AI deployment in healthcare. Here, we extend fairness research to multimodal medical AI and leverage large-scale medical vision-language models (VLMs) to provide guidelines for building fair multimodal AI. Training on large and diverse datasets enables medical VLMs to discern variances across populations, thereby offering a more equitable insight compared to single data sources. Our analysis covers three key medical domains—dermatology, radiology, and ophthalmology—focusing on how patient metadata interacts with medical images to affect model fairness across dimensions such as gender, age, and skin tone. Our findings reveal that the indiscriminate inclusion of all metadata may negatively impact fairness for protected subgroups and show how multimodal AI utilizes demographic information in metadata to influence fairness. In addition, we conducted an in-depth analysis of how clinical attributes affect model performance and fairness, covering more than 20 different attributes in dermatology. Finally, we proposed a fairness-oriented metadata selection strategy using recent advancements in large medical VLMs to guide attribute selection. Remarkably, we found that the fairness correlations computed by the medical VLM closely align with our experimental results, which required over 500 GPU hours, demonstrating a resource-efficient approach to guide multimodal integration. Our work underscores the importance of careful metadata selection in achieving fairness in multimodal medical AI. We anticipate that our analysis will be a starting point for more sophisticated multimodal medical AI models of fairness.
Molecular Markers for Assisted Selection in Sclerotinia Blight and Peanut Smut Resistance
Authors: Bressano Marina , Blas Francisco J. , Rosso Melina H. , Verdini Adriana , Mary Verónica S. , Buteler Mario , Soave Sara J. , Seijo José G. , Theumer Martín G. , Robledo German
Published: October 2024

Argentina is a global leader in peanut production, exporting over 90% of its yield to nearly 100 countries. However, soilborne diseases, particularly Sclerotinia blight and peanut smut, critically impact the sustainability of peanut agriculture. Sclerotinia blight, caused by Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum, and peanut smut, caused by Thecaphora frezzii, have led to severe economic losses with incidence rates up to 50%. Despite efforts in cultural and chemical disease management, their effectiveness is limited. Consequently, the development of resistant cultivars offers a realistic and sustainable solution. This study focuses on developing and validating KASP markers for resistance against these diseases. By adapting a rapid and cost-effective DNA extraction method, the research facilitated the genotyping of 2,575 F2 plants derived from five crosses of promising parental lines. Three KASP markers for each disease were tested, with Scl1, Scl3, and S3 showing high predictive efficiency for Sclerotinia blight and peanut smut. The study identified 265 plants carrying resistance alleles which represents 10.3% of the total tested plants. These findings highlight the potential of molecular markers in breeding disease-resistant peanut varieties, ensuring sustainable production in Argentina.
Prepandemic levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in the general population of Barcelona
Authors: Porta Miquel , Pumarega José , Aguilar Ruth , Prieto-Merino David , Campi Laura , Rius Cristina , Villar-García Judit , Vidal Marta , Jimenez Alfons , Peña Antonio , Trasande Leonardo , Bolúmar Francisco , Moncunill Gemma , Dobaño Carlota , Gasull Magda
Published: October 2024

Background: There are yet no longitudinal studies investigating the influence of the basal immune state measured before the pandemic on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Objective: To investigate the specific and combined effects of personal levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins –measured in individuals’ blood 4 years before the pandemic– on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in a general population.
Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 240 individuals from the general population of Barcelona. Thirty cytokines and 31 immunoglobulins were quantified in prepandemic serum samples (collected in 2016-17) by high-throughput multiplex quantitative suspension array technology.
Results: Higher concentrations in 2016-17 of IL-8 and TNF-α significantly decreased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in 2020-21, whereas higher concentrations of MIP-1α were a risk factor for seropositivity. Most cytokines in mixtures with IL-8, MIP-1α, TNF-α or G-CSF were associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (all OR ≥2.0 or OR≤0.4 and p<0.05). The five individual isotype-antigen pairs more clearly associated with seropositivity were: protectively, IgG to CMV pp150, IgG to CMV pp65, and IgG to N OC43; and, increasing risk of seropositivity, IgM to CMV pp65 and IgM to EBV EA-D. The four cytokines most consistently associated with the risk of COVID-19 were also G-CSF, IL-8, TNF-α, and MIP-1α. The four isotype-antigen pairs more strongly associated with risk of COVID-19 (all protective) were IgA to CMV pp65 and N 229E, and IgG to EBV EAD and VCAp18.
Conclusions: The unique longitudinal design of this study, with measurements before and during the pandemic, provides novel knowledge on the protective and detrimental effects of specific individual cytokines and immunoglobulins, and their mixtures, on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and COVID-19.
Why Men Fare Worse: Understanding Gender Disparities in Scleroderma-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Coppi Francesca , Pagnoni Gianluca , Fedele Francesco , Paolini Matteo , de Pinto Marco , Spinella Amelia , Giuggioli Dilia , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Boriani Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Aims
This study explores gender disparities in clinical outcomes in systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), focusing on cardiovascular complications, right ventricular function, and survival. By understanding these differences, we aim to guide gender-specific therapeutic strategies to improve prognosis.
Methods and Results
A retrospective, single-center analysis was conducted on 61 patients with SSc-associated PAH (52 women, 9 men) who underwent right heart catheterization. Clinical, serological, and instrumental evaluations were performed. Statistical analysis assessed differences in cardiovascular events, right ventricular function, pulmonary function, and survival. Men had a significantly higher incidence of cardiovascular events (median: 2.00 vs. 1.00 in women; p = 0.031987) and more right ventricular dilation (100.00% in men vs. 44.23% in women; p = 0.002195). Although overall mortality was higher in men (88.89%) compared to women (57.69%), the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.134426). Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated a significant reduction in survival in men (Log Rank χ2 5.986, p = 0.014).
Conclusions
Men with SSc-associated PAH experience worse outcomes, with more frequent cardiovascular events and reduced survival. The lack of protective estrogen effects and testosterone’s negative impact on cardiac remodeling may explain these differences. These findings underscore the need for gender-specific management, including early cardiac assessments and potential hormonal modulation therapies for men. Further research is required to optimize interventions.
Optimized soil nitrogen management for enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and yield in high-quality japonica rice in the Taihu Lake region
Authors: Song Yunsheng , Xie Yulin , Dong Minghui , Chen Fei , Jin Xiuliang , Hu Yajie , Gu Junrong , Chen Peifeng , Zhu Yongliang , Shi Linlin , Wang Yixiao
Published: October 2024

In the Taihu Lake region, excessive nitrogen (N) use in high-quality japonica rice cultivation presents sustainability and quality challenges. This study explores photosynthetic responses and yield outcomes under varying N rates, optimizing N use efficiency (NUE) and minimizing soil N surplus for sustainable high-quality rice production. Utilizing 'SuJing 4699' japonica rice, a two-year field study with N treatments ranging from 0 to 400 kg ha− 1 (increments of 80 kg ha− 1) was conducted. Measurements included dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, leaf area metrics, photosynthetic rates, and final yield determinations alongside N content, NUE, soil N surplus, and economic analysis. Optimal yields were achieved at 240 kg ha− 1 N, significantly improving photosynthetic performance and delaying chlorophyll degradation without yield gains at higher rates. This regime maximized NUE with 44.60 kg kg− 1 N recovery and 23.75 kg kg− 1 agronomic efficiency. Economic analysis supported these findings, with the highest net income and beneficial output-to-input ratios at this N level. The saturation point for yield increase was identified at a N application rate of 257.85 kg ha− 1, beyond which no significant increase in economic benefits was observed. Zero soil N surplus occurred at 127.44 kg ha− 1, highlighting a balance between environmental and economic factors. An N application rate between 240-257.85 kg ha− 1 optimizes photosynthetic efficiency, yield, and economic return in high-quality japonica rice while addressing soil N surplus concerns. This balance ensures sustainable and efficient rice production in the Taihu Lake region, aligning with environmental and agricultural sustainability objectives.
A framework for determining precipitation deficit thresholds for triggering hydrological droughts
Authors: Han Huiming , Fu Chun , Yao Siyang , Liu Yezhong , Li Gang , Zhang Chaochao
Published: October 2024

Hydrological droughts (HDs) often follow meteorological droughts (MDs), meaning that MDs can be a precursor to HDs. This relationship suggests that monitoring meteorological conditions can be an effective way to predict and issue early warnings for potential HDs. However, the development of effective early warning models has been constrained by a limited understanding of the complex dynamics of drought propagation and the absence of reliable indicators. To address this gap, We present a framework that identifies key meteorological conditions leading to HDs by improving event matching and warning indicators. This approach, which is evaluated through an analysis of HD thresholds in the upper basin of Poyang Lake, China. First, drought events are matched using propagation rules to filter out HDs not caused by precipitation deficits. Next, we identify the meteorological conditions that trigger HDs and calculate the relevant precipitation deficit indicators. Finally, we construct a precipitation deficit threshold model for HDs using a copula function to determine the thresholds that trigger various levels of HD. The results reveal several types of propagation from MDs to HDs, with one-to-one propagation being the most common. Probabilistic models effectively capture the relationship between precipitation deficit conditions and HD characteristics. Precipitation deficit thresholds rise with increasing HD levels. This framework enables managers to reduce potential HD damage by monitoring precipitation conditions and taking proactive measures.