bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perivascular Adipose Tissue Potentiates Contraction of Coronary Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Owen Meredith Kohr , Witzmann Frank A. , McKenney Mikaela L. , Lai Xianyin , Berwick Zachary C. , Moberly Steven P. , Alloosh Mouhamad , Sturek Michael , Tune Johnathan D.
Published: May 2013

Background—

This investigation examined the mechanisms by which coronary perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)–derived factors influence vasomotor tone and the PVAT proteome in lean versus obese swine.

Methods and Results—

Coronary arteries from Ossabaw swine were isolated for isometric tension studies. We found that coronary (
P
=0.03) and mesenteric (
P
=0.04) but not subcutaneous adipose tissue augmented coronary contractions to KCl (20 mmol/L). Inhibition of Ca
V
1.2 channels with nifedipine (0.1 µmol/L) or diltiazem (10 µmol/L) abolished this effect. Coronary PVAT increased baseline tension and potentiated constriction of isolated arteries to prostaglandin F2α in proportion to the amount of PVAT present (0.1–1.0 g). These effects were elevated in tissues obtained from obese swine and were observed in intact and endothelium denuded arteries. Coronary PVAT also diminished H
2
O
2
-mediated vasodilation in lean and, to a lesser extent, in obese arteries. These effects were associated with alterations in the obese coronary PVAT proteome (detected 186 alterations) and elevated voltage-dependent increases in intracellular [Ca
2+
] in obese smooth muscle cells. Further studies revealed that the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil (1 µmol/L) significantly blunted artery contractions to KCl and PVAT in lean but not obese swine. Calpastatin (10 μmol/L) also augmented contractions to levels similar to that observed in the presence of PVAT.

Conclusions—

Vascular effects of PVAT vary according to anatomic location and are influenced by an obese phenotype. Augmented contractile effects of obese coronary PVAT are related to alterations in the PVAT proteome (eg, calpastatin), Rho-dependent signaling, and the functional contribution of K
+
and Ca
V
1.2 channels to smooth muscle tone.
Due Process Rights at the United Nations: Fairness and Effectiveness in Internal Investigations
Authors: Waechter Matthieu
Published: May 2013

International organizations have a duty to combat frauds and other wrongdoings in their midst – with due respect for the rights of their staff members. Internal investigation is a tool for administration of internal justice and oversight. There are currently discussions within the United Nations System regarding who should conduct these investigations, and most importantly how. Discussion topics include discretionary authority to initiate an investigation and to outline its appropriate scope, standard of evidence, legal representation, timing of the disclosure of evidence and other due process considerations. This contribution discusses the cost of some selected due process policies and calls for balancing fairness and effectiveness objectives in investigation, keeping in mind both the rights of staff members and the public good objectives for which donors entrust funds to international organizations.
The International Law Commission’s Definition of International Organizations
Authors: Bouwhuis Stephen
Published: May 2013

Whilst the number of international organizations in the world has flourished in recent decades, attempts to analyse them have been hampered by disagreement as to how even to define what is an international organization. The International Law Commission’s recent work on the responsibility of international organizations addresses this absence by providing such a definition. This note tests that definition by applying it to one particular organization, the Commonwealth Secretariat, to see how it applies in practice and concludes with general observations on whether the definition might be used more broadly.
Bromelicolous Polypedilum Kieffer from South Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: PINHO LUIZ CARLOS , MENDES HUMBERTO FONSECA , ANDERSEN TROND , MARCONDES CARLOS BRISOLA
Published: May 2013

Polypedilum (s. str.) kaingangi sp. n. is described and figured as male, female, pupa and larva and the female and immature stages of Polypedilum (s. str.) solimoes Bidawid-Kafka, 1996 are described and illustrated. The immatures of both species inhabit leaf axils of various bromeliad species in the Atlantic rainforest in Santa Catarina State, South Brazil.
New species of Xestochironomus Sublette et Wirth, 1972 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: PINHO LUIZ CARLOS , SOUZA JOÃO FRANCISCO
Published: May 2013

Two new Xestochironomus species, X. dickinsoni sp. n. and X. virgoferreae sp. n., from Brazilian Atlantic Forest are de-scribed, based on male adults. Additionally, a key to adult males of the genus is provided.
Shared Leadership in Multiteam Systems
Authors: Bienefeld Nadine , Grote Gudela
Published: May 2013

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of shared leadership within and across teams in multiteam systems (MTS) on team goal attainment and MTS success.

Background:

Due to different and sometimes competing goals in MTS, leadership is required within and across teams. Shared leadership, the effectiveness of which has been proven in single teams, may be an effective strategy to cope with these challenges.

Method:

We observed leadership in 84 cockpit and cabin crews that collaborated in the form of six-member MTS aircrews ( N = 504) during standardized simulations of an in-flight emergency. Leadership was coded by three trained observers using a structured observation system. Team goal attainment was assessed by two subject matter experts using a checklist-based rating tool. MTS goal attainment was measured objectively on the basis of the outcome of the simulated flights.

Results:

In successful MTS aircrews, formal leaders and team members displayed significantly more leadership behaviors, shared leadership by pursers and flight attendants predicted team goal attainment, and pursers’ shared leadership across team boundaries predicted cross-team goal attainment. In cockpit crews, leadership was not shared and captains’ vertical leadership predicted team goal attainment regardless of MTS success.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that in general, shared leadership positively relates to team goal attainment and MTS success, whereby boundary spanners’ dual leadership role is key.

Application:

Leadership training in MTS should address shared rather than merely vertical forms of leadership, and component teams in MTS should be trained together with emphasis on boundary spanners’ dual leadership role. Furthermore, team members should be empowered to engage in leadership processes when required.
Force-on-Force Handgun Practice
Authors: Taverniers John , De Boeck Pieter
Published: May 2013

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore human factors aspects of reality-based “force-on-force” (FoF) handgun practice through a within-subjects field experiment that assessed subjective stress measurements, biomarker regulation, performance outcomes, and behavioral adaptations.

Background:

FoF handgun practice is a recent training asset for armed officers whereby dynamic opponents may act, react, and even retaliate with specially designed marker ammunition. Predesigned scenarios enable trainees to practice in a simulated real-life environment.

Method:

A sample of experienced military personnel ( N = 20) ran a handgun workshop in two conditions: FoF practice and traditional cardboard-target practice. Intra-individual assessments included anticipated distress, subjective stress, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), shooting accuracy, and directly observable training seriousness.

Results:

Compared with the standard cardboard practice condition, FoF exposure caused significant increases in anticipatory distress, subjective stress, and sAA secretion. Furthermore, participants’ first encounter with FoF practice (vs. cardboard practice) substantially degraded their shooting performance and had a significant positive impact on the earnestness with which they approached their mission during the workshop.

Conclusion:

FoF practice is an effective training tool for armed officers because it simulates a realistic work environment by increasing task-specific stress such that it affects important outcomes of professional performance and leads to desirable behavioral changes during training.

Application:

Potential applications of this research include the introduction of biomarker assessments in human factors research and the design, based on reality-based practice, of effective training procedures for high-reliability professionals.
Simulation of the cure of paste adhesives by induction heating
Authors: Cebrián Alberto Sánchez , Klunker Florian , Zogg Markus
Published: May 2013

This study, part of the European JTI ‘Clean sky’, presents a simulation model designed to predict the evolution of the degree of cure of the paste adhesives used in carbon fiber reinforced polymer bonded systems cured by induction heating. The simulation combines induced Eddy currents in electrical conductive materials, which cause the heating of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer adherents by Joule effect, and the consequent chemical reaction which gives the relation between temperature, time and degree of cure of the adhesive. The model is validated and used to analyze the impact of different parameters on the degree of cure of the paste adhesive.
Thermo-mechanical properties of acrylated epoxidized hemp oil based biocomposites
Authors: Manthey NW , Cardona F , Francucci G , Aravinthan T
Published: May 2013

In this study, novel acrylated epoxidized hemp oil bioresin was used in the manufacturing of jute fibre reinforced biocomposites. The 100% biocomposite laminates were characterised in terms of mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, Charpy impact and interlaminar shear), thermo-mechanical properties (glass transition temperature, storage modulus and crosslink density) and water absorption properties (saturation moisture level and diffusion coefficient). Comparisons with the equivalent synthetic vinylester resin based jute fibre reinforced biocomposite panels were performed. Scanning electron microscopic analysis confirmed panel samples containing acrylated epoxidized hemp oil to display improved fibre–matrix interfacial adhesion compared with the vinylester resin based samples. Furthermore in terms of mechanical properties acrylated epoxidized hemp oil based biocomposites compared favourably with those manufactured from vinylester resin synthetic resin. Dynamic mechanical analysis found acrylated epoxidized hemp oil based biocomposites to have lower glass transition temperature, storage modulus and crosslink density than vinylester resin based samples. Increasing acrylated epoxidized hemp oil content resulted in a marginal increase in saturation moisture content and diffusion coefficient.
Twenty Years of the Cochrane Collaboration
Authors: Worthington H.V. , Glenny A.-M. , Clarkson J.E.
Published: May 2013

The Cochrane Collaboration is 20 years old this year. Established in 1993, the Collaboration has sought to provide an up-to-date, critical evidence base for all those involved in health care decision-making at a variety of levels. This article illustrates the work of the Cochrane Oral Health Group, based at the University of Manchester, UK.
Suicide, silence and authorship in Camus
Authors: Berthold Daniel
Published: May 2013

Camus famously declares that ‘there is but one truly serious philosophical problem, and that is suicide’. I argue that while Camus finally rejects suicide as a response to the forsakenness of the human condition – both literal suicide and what he calls ‘philosophical suicide’, the effort to escape the absurd into a hope for meaning – there is actually a form of suicide he embraces without ever directly thematizing it, namely authorial suicide. Camus anticipated by a quarter of a century Roland Barthes’s proclamation of the ‘death of the author’ and Michel Foucault’s announcement that the author ‘must assume the role of the dead man in the game of writing’. Camus leaves the reader with texts that replicate the absurd itself, uncanny, paradoxical, dizzying, with no signposts for understanding – texts like the world itself, ‘divested of illusions and lights’. The reader is left to his own resources, without appeal to the author for instruction or consolation, so that he must face ‘the heart-rending and marvellous wager of the absurd’ and compose his own response.
A parable of Germany: History, anti-Semitism and redemption in Joseph Roth’s Tarabas: Ein Gast auf dieser Erde
Authors: Tonkin Kati
Published: May 2013

As Andrew Barker has observed (2010), Joseph Roth’s Tarabas: Ein Gast auf dieser Erde (1934) ‘appears to support the traditional view of Roth as a writer who, when confronted by a cruel present, retreats into a comforting fiction’ about the past. Against this view I argue that this tale of sin and penance is a parable of Germany in 1933. Tarabas’s redemption suggests the possibility of an end to the history of anti-Semitism and Jewish persecution, of which the Third Reich’s nascent reign of terror is but the latest instalment. And yet, in the final chapter of the novel, written from the perspective of 1933, it is the cyclical view of history as eternal return which predominates. In the end, as much as it is a parable of redemption, Tarabas is also simultaneously a novel of warning.
Being Specific about Historical Change
Authors: Biber Douglas , Gray Bethany
Published: May 2013

This article argues that historical linguistic change is mediated by register differences at a highly specific level. As a result, seemingly minor differences in register can correspond to meaningful and systematic differences in the patterns of linguistic change. Two specific case studies of twentieth-century historical change are presented. The first explores variation among sub-registers of news reportage, comparing the patterns of change in magazine articles from Time magazine to those found in newspaper articles from the New York Times. This case study shows that the differing readerships and purposes of magazines versus newspapers result in different historical-linguistic patterns of use. The second case study then explores variation among sub-registers of academic research writing. This study shows how differences associated with academic discipline (science vs. social science vs. humanities) correspond to systematically different trends in historical change. Even more surprising, this study shows that science articles published in journals aimed at multidisciplinary audiences differ from articles published in journals targeted toward specialized audiences. In the conclusion, we briefly consider the theoretical issue of whether these case studies illustrate historical change within a register or change to new registers. However, the primary goal of the article is methodological, to argue for more attention to register differences in corpus-based historical research.
The Two Faces of Knowledge Search: New Solutions and Capability Development
Authors: Tippmann Esther , Mangematin Vincent , Scott Pamela Sharkey
Published: May 2013

Searching for knowledge to solve non-routine problems allows middle managers not only to design new solutions but also to develop organizational capabilities. We focus on knowledge search to develop our understanding of how individuals engage with organizational knowledge in practice, how they acquire and use knowledge, and the implications for organizational knowledge development. Investigating middle managers’ knowledge search practices in response to non-routine events, we uncover four practices: isolating; overcoming knowledge distribution challenges; socializing; and mastering solution development. From these, we identify two aspects of knowledge search: not only can it produce new solutions but it can also have different effects in terms of developing organizational capabilities, either modifying existing routines or creating new ones. We argue that organizations with a knowledge use advantage, namely, an ability to mobilize accessible knowledge by organizing for knowledge circulation and a socialized search that deals with the organization’s challenges of knowledge distribution in order to master solution development – especially at mid-level – can pursue capability development. We discuss the implications of our findings for the literature on organizational knowledge and middle managers’ roles in organizational knowledge processes.
Neurostimulation in cluster headache: A review of current progress
Authors: Pedersen Jeppe L , Barloese Mads , Jensen Rigmor H
Published: May 2013

Purpose of review

Neurostimulation has emerged as a viable treatment for intractable chronic cluster headache. Several therapeutic strategies are being investigated including stimulation of the hypothalamus, occipital nerves and sphenopalatine ganglion. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the rationale, methods and progress for each of these.

Latest findings

Results from a randomized, controlled trial investigating sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation have just been published. Reportedly the surgery is relatively simple and it is apparently the only therapy that provides relief acutely.

The rationale behind these therapies is based on growing evidence from clinical, hormonal and neuroimaging studies. The overall results are encouraging, but unfortunately not all patients have benefited. All the mentioned therapies require weeks to months of stimulation for a prophylactic effect to occur, suggesting brain plasticity as a possible mechanism, and only stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion has demonstrated an acute, abortive effect. Predictors of effect for all modes of neurostimulation still need to be identified and in the future, the least invasive and most effective strategy must be preferred as first-line therapy for intractable chronic cluster headache.
Social Support Needs Identified by Mothers Affected by Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Letourneau Nicole , Morris Catherine Young , Stewart Miriam , Hughes Jean , Critchley Kim A. , Secco Loretta
Published: May 2013

In order to offer optimal supports and services for mothers affected by intimate partner violence (IPV), an understanding of these mothers’ perceptions of support needs, resources, barriers to support, and preferences for support intervention is warranted. Moreover, the growing recognition of the effects of IPV on maternal–infant relationships and of the importance of these early relationships to long-term child health outcomes suggests interventions are needed to support optimal maternal–infant relationships in these families. Thus, 64 mothers exposed to IPV when their infants were below 12 months of age participated in a retrospective qualitative study to identify mothers’ support needs, resources, barriers to support, and preferences for specific support interventions to promote optimal mother–infant relationships. Participants identified both personal needs (including needs for leaving or staying with the violent partner), along with intertwined needs to care for, and help, their infants cope with the experience of violence. Mothers reported that integrated services that include information and practical support from professionals with emotional and affirmation support from peers would promote positive, nurturing mother–infant relationships and healthy child development.
Monitoring Trends in Violence
Authors: Gulliver Pauline , Langley John , Cryer Colin
Published: May 2013

Reliable and valid indicators of assault are required to effectively monitor population trends and ensure that resources are targeted effectively. Trends in assault, reported by the media, based on crime statistics, or on victim surveys, are substantively affected by extraneous factors. In 2006, Estrada offered up solutions to the difficulties posed by crime statistics and victim surveys, by proposing the development of indicators based on hospital discharge data, albeit with identified limitations. This article is a response to Estrada’s proposition, and works through each of Estrada’s identified limitations of hospital discharge data. Potential problems with Estrada’s suggestions are highlighted in our article and solutions, based on the current evidence, are proposed.
The Association of Prenatal Media Marketing Exposure Recall with Breastfeeding Intentions, Initiation, and Duration
Authors: Zhang Yuanting , Carlton Ewa , Fein Sara B.
Published: May 2013

Background:

Infant formula marketing, either directly to consumers or through health care providers, may influence women’s breastfeeding intentions, initiation, and duration. However, little is known about the impact of different types of media marketing on infant feeding intentions and behavior.

Objective:

This study investigated whether different types of recalled prenatal media marketing exposure to formula and breastfeeding information are related to breastfeeding intentions and behavior.

Methods:

Data were from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a longitudinal study from pregnancy through the infants’ first year. Sample sizes ranged from 1384 to 2530. Negative binomial, logistic regression, and survival models were used to examine associations between recalled prenatal exposure to formula or breastfeeding information and breastfeeding intentions and behavior.

Results:

Exposure to infant formula information from print media was associated with shorter intended duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and formula information from websites was related to lower odds of both intended and actual initiation. Exposure to breastfeeding information from websites was related to higher odds of both intended and actual initiation and longer intended duration of any breastfeeding. Breastfeeding information from print media was associated with longer duration of any breastfeeding, but information from broadcast media was associated with shorter duration of any breastfeeding.

Conclusion:

Mothers who recall exposure to formula information from print or websites are more likely to intend to use formula or to intend to use formula earlier and are less likely to initiate breastfeeding than mothers who do not recall seeing such information.
Is Paternal Infant Care Associated with Breastfeeding? A Population-Based Study in Japan
Authors: Ito Jun , Fujiwara Takeo , Barr Ronald G.
Published: May 2013

Background:

One qualitative study has reported that more paternal infant care and housework contributed to the maintenance of breastfeeding. However, few studies have quantitatively investigated these relationships.

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the association of paternal involvement in infant care and housework with exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life.

Methods:

Data from a population-based birth cohort study in Japan, the Longitudinal Survey of Babies in the 21st Century, were analyzed. We extracted information on infants who were singletons, term, normal birth weight, and living with both parents (n = 39 742). The associations between degree of paternal involvement in infant care and housework (high, middle, low) and breastfeeding patterns (exclusive, partial, formula only) were analyzed using ordered logistic regression adjusted for covariates. Maternal anxiety about childrearing was considered as a mediator.

Results:

Compared with the low level of paternal infant care group, infants in the middle and high level groups were significantly less likely to have been breastfed (adjusted odds ratio: 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-0.97; and 0.73, 95% CI, 0.67-0.79, respectively). In contrast, the amount of housework carried out by fathers was not associated with breastfeeding pattern. Maternal anxiety about childrearing did not attenuate the association between paternal infant care and breastfeeding.

Conclusion:

Paternal infant care was inversely associated with breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life. An additional intervention study about the importance of breastfeeding that aims to educate fathers who tend to involve themselves in infant care is needed.
Energy Dialogue Technique in Healing and Health
Authors: Krug Phyllis , Kramer Deborah , Bukatman Rochelle , Gordon Phyllis , Mermelstein Pamela
Published: May 2013

This article describes the use of energy dialogue technique (EDT), a healing intervention that provides awareness of imbalances in the energetic field that affect patients’ health and guide the practitioner to sense and direct the frequency, vibration, intention, awareness, or consciousness to correct these imbalances. The authors document the effectiveness of this technique as it was used to treat side effects of the medical intervention for hepatitis C in a male with hemophilia. Following EDT, the client’s symptoms of fatigue and pain improved by 30% to 40%; moreover, thyroid function returned to normal. The authors suggest that EDT be studied and explored for inclusion as a treatment modality.
Nonlinear vibration and instability of embedded double-walled carbon nanocones based on nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory
Authors: Arani Ali Ghorbanpour , Kolahchi Reza
Published: May 2013

Nonlinear vibration and instability of embedded double-walled carbon nanocones subjected to axial load are investigated in this article based on Eringen's nonlocal theory and Timoshenko beam model. The elastic medium is simulated as Pasternak foundation and the van der Waals forces between the inner and the outer layers of double-walled carbon nanocones are taken into account. Using von Kármán geometric nonlinearity, energy method and Hamilton’s principle, the nonlocal nonlinear motion equations are obtained. The differential quadrature method is applied to discretize the motion equations, which are then solved to obtain the nonlinear frequency and critical fluid velocity of viscous-fluid-conveying double-walled carbon nanocones. A detailed parametric study is conducted, focusing on the combined effects of the nonlocal parameter, thickness-to-length ratio, temperature change, apex angles, elastic medium and van der Waals forces on the dimensionless frequency and critical buckling load of double-walled carbon nanocones. The results show that the small-size effect on the nonlinear frequency is significant and cannot be neglected; also, the nonlinear frequency and critical buckling load decrease with increasing the cone apex-angle.
Neopositivism and the DSM psychiatric classification. An epistemological history. Part 1:  Theoretical comparison
Authors: Aragona Massimiliano
Published: May 2013

Recent research suggests that the DSM psychiatric classification is in a paradigmatic crisis and that the DSM-5 will be unable to overcome it. One possible reason is that the DSM is based on a neopositivist epistemology which is inadequate for the present-day needs of psychopathology. However, in which sense is the DSM a neopositivist system? This paper will explore the theoretical similarities between the DSM structure and the neopositivist basic assumptions. It is shown that the DSM has the following neopositivist features: (a) a sharp distinction between scientific and non-scientific diagnoses; (b) the exclusion of the latter as nonsensical; (c) the faith on the existence of a purely observable basis (the description of reliable symptoms); (d) the introduction of the operative diagnostic criteria as rules of correspondence linking the observational level to the diagnostic concept.
The theoretical root of Karl Jaspers’ General Psychopathology. Part 1: Reconsidering the influence of phenomenology and hermeneutics
Authors: Kumazaki Tsutomu
Published: May 2013

The present paper investigates the methodology involved in Jaspers’ psychopathology and compares it with Husserl’s phenomenology and with Dilthey’s cultural science. Allgemeine Psychopathologie and other methodological works by Jaspers, the works of Husserl and Dilthey that Jaspers cited, and previous research papers on Jaspers are reviewed. Jaspers had conflicting views on understanding, which were comprised of both empathic understanding and rational, ideal-typical understanding. Such a standpoint on understanding is considerably different from Dilthey’s. Additionally, the present paper reconfirms that Jaspers’ ‘phenomenology’ as a form of descriptive psychology for the understanding of empirical psychic states is different from Husserl’s phenomenology. Thus, this paper casts doubt on the common opinion that Jaspers was under the profound influence of Husserl or Dilthey.
Overdue books at Leeds University Library
Authors: Davies Rachel , Sen Barbara
Published: May 2013

As university libraries try to meet rising user expectations with limited resources, it is important to ensure that existing book stock is kept in circulation. This study investigated overdues at Leeds University Library, focusing on three key issues: reasons why users return their books overdue; effectiveness of current overdues policies; and suggested improvements to overdues procedures. The study was carried out using mixed methods: a print questionnaire of 181 library users, and qualitative interviews with 10 library staff members. The primary reasons for users’ late return of books were forgetfulness and not realising that books were overdue. The library’s current policies were considered easy to understand, but some problems were identified. These included: difficulty using online renewals; complaints about the reservations system; the large size of the student population; and user reluctance to seek help. Suggestions for improvement included increased use of e-books, text message reminders and better library publicity.
Clinical and immunological features of 888 Brazilian systemic lupus patients from a monocentric cohort: comparison with other populations
Authors: Borba EF , Araujo DB , Bonfá E , Shinjo SK
Published: May 2013

Epidemiological studies with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have been reported worldwide but, until now, a large evaluation had not been performed in Brazil. Therefore, we determined the clinical and immunological features of 888 SLE patients followed at our service from 2008 to 2012. The mean age at SLE onset and the mean disease duration were 29.9 ± 9.5 years old and 14.5 ± 8.4 years, respectively. A predominance of female gender (91.9%) and Caucasian ethnicity (69.9%) were observed. Cumulative mucocutaneous manifestations (90.7%) were most commonly identified (malar rash (83.2%), photosensitivity (76.9%)) followed by articular (87.4%), hematological (44.0%) and renal (36.9%) involvements. Antinuclear antibody was detected in all patients, followed by anti-dsDNA (35.1%), anti-Sm (21.8%) and anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies (19.8%). Additional comparison of clinical and laboratory features between genders revealed that malar rash was observed more in female SLE patients (84.5% vs. 69.4%, p = 0.001). Male lupus patients presented a higher frequency of anti-dsDNA (45.8% vs. 34.2%, p = 0.047) and a trend of more nephritis (47.2% vs. 36.0%, p = 0.059). In conclusion, we identified a high prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations in this Brazilian SLE cohort compared to other countries, mainly malar rash that was most commonly observed in female patients. Anti-dsDNA and other specific SLE autoantibodies were also identified in a higher frequency, predominantly in the male gender.
Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Among Junior High School Students in Worst-Hit Areas 3 Years After the Wenchuan Earthquake in China
Authors: Pan Xiao , Liu Weizhi , Deng Guanghui , Liu Taosheng , Yan Jin , Tang Yunxiang , Dong Wei , Cui Yi , Xu Miao
Published: May 2013

The aim of this study was to examine symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety among junior high school students in worst-hit areas 3 years after the Wenchuan earthquake. Analyses were carried out on 373 of the 377 students enrolled. In addition to obtaining demographic characteristics, the Impact of Event Scale–Revised, the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale, and an Earthquake exposure screening scale were administered. It was found that 29.6%, 44.8%, and 37.6% of participants reported clinical symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety, respectively. PTSD, depression, and anxiety were highly comorbid. Having witnessed someone being killed, family members being killed, close friends seriously injured or being killed, and felt scared remained as significant predictors for PTSD. Having witnessed someone seriously injured and felt scared remained as significant predictors for depression. Having witnessed someone seriously injured, witnessed someone being killed, and felt scared remained as significant predictors for anxiety.
Three-dimensional vertical cracks in magnetoelectroelastic media via the extended displacement discontinuity boundary integral equation method
Authors: Zhao MingHao , Guo ZhengHua , Fan CuiYing , Zhang RongLi , Pan Ernie
Published: May 2013

In this article, the extended displacement discontinuity method is extended to study the fracture problem in a three-dimensional transversely isotropic magnetoelectroelastic medium with a planar crack vertical to the plane of isotropy. Considering the electric and magnetic fields in the crack cavity, and using the Somigliana identity along with the displacement discontinuity Green’s functions, the hyper-singular boundary integral equations for the unknown displacement discontinuities across the crack face are derived. The singularity features along the crack fronts are analyzed, and the extended field intensity factors are expressed in terms of the extended displacement discontinuities on the crack face. Numerical examples on the field intensity factors are finally calculated for a vertical square crack using the exact closed-form Green’s functions due to constant displacement discontinuities over a rectangular crack element, and some interesting features are observed, which are different from the case where the crack is located in the plane of isotropy. The influence of the electric and magnetic boundary conditions along the crack face on the field intensity factors is further studied.
Four vectors of Lamb waves in composites: Semianalysis and numerical simulation
Authors: Zhao Jinling , Qiu Jinhao , Ji Hongli , Hu Ning
Published: May 2013

For source location in composites based on Lamb wave techniques using direction-dependent piezoelectric rosettes sensors, the source is usually located by the intersection of wave propagation directions identified by the sensors. However, the rosettes do not measure the direction of group velocity directly. Instead, they measure the direction of principal strain. Hence, in order to accurately predict the sources in anisotropic plates, it is essential to investigate the relationship between the direction of principal strain and that of group velocity. In this study, the four vectors, namely, phase velocity, group velocity, displacement, and principal strain associated with propagating waves in anisotropic plates, are computed using semianalytical methods. The analytical results agree very well with the results of finite element method based on Abaqus, including those of the complicated SH0 mode. Moreover, it is found that the four vectors exhibit some symmetrical properties. When Lamb waves propagate along the symmetry axes, the directions of the four vectors are all the same.
Influence of grain boundary sliding and grain size on dislocation emission from a crack tip
Authors: Fang Qihong , Zhang Liangchi , Liu Youwen
Published: May 2013

This article establishes a theoretical model to study the effect of grain boundary sliding deformation on the dislocation emission from the crack tip in nanocrystalline solids. Within our description, stress concentration near the crack initiates grain boundary sliding which results in the formation the dipole of disclinations at triple junctions of grain boundaries. The grain size-dependent criterion for the dislocation emission from a semi-infinite crack tip is derived. The influence of the grain size and the features of dipole of disclinations on the critical stress intensity factors for dislocation emission is evaluated. It is shown that grain boundary sliding deformation enhances the critical stress intensity factor for dislocation emission. The critical stress intensity factor will increase with the decrement of the grain size, which indicates that the emission of the dislocation becomes more difficult for smaller size of grain due to the effect of grain boundary sliding deformation.
Postbuckling response of composite laminated plates with evolving damage
Authors: Gupta AK , Patel BP , Nath Y
Published: May 2013

In this paper, postbuckling behavior and progressive failure of laminated plates considering geometric nonlinearity and evolving material damage under uniaxial, biaxial compressive and in-plane shear loadings are studied. The damage model is based on a generalized macroscopic continuum theory within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics and enables to predict the progressive damage and failure load. Damage variables are introduced for the phenomenological treatment of degradation of the stiffness properties of laminated plates due to microscopic defects. The analysis is carried out using field-consistent finite element approach based on first-order shear deformation theory. The nonlinear governing equations are solved using the Newton–Raphson iterative technique coupled with the adaptive displacement control method to trace the pre- and postbuckling equilibrium path. The damage evolution equations are solved at every Gauss point using Newton–Raphson iterative technique within each loading/displacement increment iteration. The detailed parametric study is carried out to investigate the influences of evolving damage, span-to-thickness ratio, lamination scheme, boundary conditions and aspect ratio on the postbuckling response and failure load of laminated plates under in-plane loading. The ratio of failure load to buckling load increases with increase in thickness ratio due to the dominating restoring action of in-plane stretching forces in postbuckling region of thin plates whereas the thick plates depict material failure prior to buckling point. Thin plates with SSFF boundary conditions with evolving damage depict softening postbuckling response whereas the plates with other boundary conditions considered depict hardening response.
Feasibility of Using Actigraphy and Motivational-Based Interviewing to Improve Sleep Among School-Age Children and Their Parents
Authors: Willgerodt Mayumi A. , Kieckhefer Gail M. , Ward Teresa M. , Lentz Martha J.
Published: May 2013

Inadequate sleep occurs in 25% of our nation’s children; poor sleep is associated with physical, cognitive, and social consequences. Developing good sleep hygiene in middle childhood is important, because habits typically extend to adolescence and adulthood; yet, there has been little research on sleep interventions for school-age children. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a developmentally tailored, motivation-based intervention (MBI) focused on improving sleep behaviors in school-age children aged 8–11. Nine parent–child dyads participated in an 8-week protocol utilizing MBI and comparisons of objective (actigraphy) and subjective (sleep diaries) data. Results suggest that parent and children are able to identify a target behavior to change and complete the protocol. Further, preliminary evidence indicates that sleep patterns change using MBI. Future research will be directed toward comparative effectiveness testing and exploring ways in which it can be adapted and incorporated into school nursing practice.
The Emergence of Parties
Authors: Schreiber Darren
Published: May 2013

An agent-based computer simulation demonstrates that results from Downs, Duverger, Riker, and Sundquist can be seen as emergent consequences of five simple rules about iteratively forming coalitions and adjusting policy platforms. The model creates distributions of agents who form coalitions within a political body. By modifying and omitting the basic rules, I compare results from plurality and majority-seeking actors and from policy-seeking, office-seeking, and mixed-strategy coalitions. A set of simple rules implemented by agents with extremely bounded knowledge are sufficient to drive the classic median voter, two-party system, minimum winning coalitions, and party realignment results in a single framework.
Gender Stereotypes, Candidate Evaluations, and Voting for Women Candidates
Authors: Dolan Kathleen
Published: May 2013

Elections involving women candidates in the United States can offer unsettling examples of voter gender stereotypes, but research on women candidates provides little in the way of available data that allow us to link stereotypes to voter decision-making. This project reports results from a 2010 survey designed to examine gender stereotypes, candidate evaluations, and voting behavior in U.S. House elections with women candidates running against men. In general, stereotypes are not a central part of candidate evaluations or voting decisions, but the political party of the woman candidate can shape their role in candidate evaluations and vote choice.
Becoming a Mother Through Culture
Authors: Urwin Cathy , Hauge Mona-Iren , Hollway Wendy , Haavind Hanne
Published: May 2013

“Culture” is often considered in terms of identifiable artifacts, rules, and practices, with less attention given to how investment in these features comes about. Using data extracts from a case study of a young woman who is becoming a mother for the first time, we pay attention to how people react to cultural processes in terms of how they “feel.” We use our own affective and reflective responses to interviews and observational material about her experiences with feeding her baby within the context of an extended family of Bangladeshi descent in a contemporary East London setting. Drawing on Bakhtin’s concept of “voice” and Bion’s theory of thinking as an emergent phenomenon necessitated by the pressure of emotional experience, we trace how her own wishes became more articulated and were given precedence among the diverse voices of others about how to feed her baby son. We suggest an account of personal agency in which a dynamic, processual subjectivity will draw on as well as transform the web of relationships that a culture has to offer.
Whose Interview Is It, Anyway? Methodological and Ethical Challenges of Insider–Outsider Research, Multiple Languages, and Dual-Researcher Cooperation
Authors: Court Deborah , Abbas Randa
Published: May 2013

This article focuses on the methodological challenges in one interview of the 60 in-depth interviews that comprise a research study of Israeli Druze currently underway. The study is being conducted by a pair of researchers, one a Canadian living in Israel, an English and Hebrew speaker, and one an Israeli Druze woman, a Hebrew and Arabic speaker. The interview examined here involves two interviewers, two interviewees, three languages and at least two cultural frameworks. The analysis treats the interview as an intrinsic case in order to expose the various contexts of the interview and how they affect the construction of meaning in this complex research situation.
The Master Hearing Aid
Authors: Curran James R. , Galster Jason A.
Published: May 2013

As early as the 1930s the term Master Hearing Aid (MHA) described a device used in the fitting of hearing aids. In their original form, the MHA was a desktop system that allowed for simulated or actual adjustment of hearing aid components that resulted in a changed hearing aid response. Over the years the MHA saw many embodiments and contributed to a number of rationales for the fitting of hearing aids. During these same years, the MHA was viewed by many as an inappropriate means of demonstrating hearing aids; the audio quality of the desktop systems was often superior to the hearing aids themselves. These opinions and the evolution of the MHA have molded the modern perception of hearing aids and the techniques used in the fitting of hearing aids. This article reports on a history of the MHA and its influence on the fitting of hearing aids.
The Crisis of Liberation
Authors: Decoteau Claire Laurier
Published: May 2013

In postapartheid South Africa, a “crisis of masculinity” has become the most prominent explanation for high rates of violence against women and the gendered nature of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This article offers a critique of such an analysis, and suggests that the sexualization of politics in the postapartheid era allows both state actors and impoverished community members to manage and negotiate the paradoxes of postcolonialism. Combining a discourse analysis and ethnographic study, the article analyzes the various ways in which the tropes of “modernity” and “traditionalism” are deployed (and resignified) in and through discursive struggles over masculinity and sexuality. Overall, the article argues that gender has become a primary terrain upon which colonial and postcolonial conflicts are played out. As such, rather than a “crisis of masculinity,” the sexualization of politics signifies and masks deep-seated concerns about the “success” of liberation.
Candidate recruitment and former rebel parties
Authors: Ishiyama John , Marshall Michael
Published: May 2013

What kinds of candidates do former rebel groups that transform into political parties recruit to their electoral banner after a civil war? Although there has been a growing literature on the transformation of rebel groups into political parties, there is remarkably little literature on the candidates they recruit to run in elections. Using a unique dataset that codes individual level candidate characteristics, we examine the kinds of candidates that a former rebel group, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), recruited to run in the single-member plurality districts in the first Constituent Assembly Election in 2008 after the end of the Nepalese civil war. In particular, we examine two key questions: Who did the CPN(M) recruit to run under the banner of the party? Where did they nominate different kinds of candidates? The results suggest that the Maoists recruited candidates based on characteristics of the districts, not unlike what would be expected of most parties. Highly placed party officials were nominated in districts that were relatively ‘safe’, whereas the party nominated candidates that were non-party elites who had been recruited after the end of the civil war in districts that were ‘competitive’.
Performing the ‘fun’ self: How members of the Red Hat Society negotiate cultural discourses of femininity and ageing
Authors: van Bohemen Samira , van Zoonen Liesbet , Aupers Stef
Published: May 2013

Since its foundation in 1998 the ‘Red Hat Society’ (RHS) has become a popular international movement of women aged over 50 that is known for its distinct group performances. Red Hatters show up in public spaces wearing red hats, purple clothing and sometimes red gloves, and engage in various fun and frivolous activities. Previous studies about the RHS have found that its main appeal is that it creates an escape from women’s day-to-day life experiences. However, such outcomes ignore the fact that the RHS’s appeal is motivated also by the particular life histories of its members. To explore the relevance of these life histories, interviews were conducted with RHS members in The Netherlands. The findings show that to understand the cultural meaning of the RHS it is necessary to include a diachronic dimension in the research, articulating members’ current negotiations of femininity and ageing with those of their past.