bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“To Play Philosophically”
Authors: Christianson Gale E
Published: November 2023

At A Little Before Ten O’Clock The Drum Roll Began, First distant and then ever louder as the thousands gathering to see the king die wound their way through London’s choked streets to the palace of Whitehall. It was January 30, 1649. The weather was exceedingly cold, the sky gray with scattered patches of sunshine, the frost so sharp that great chunks of ice clogged the arches of London Bridge spanning the river Thames.
War
Authors: Christianson Gale E
Published: November 2023

lsAAc Newton Was Not The Only Keeper Of A Kingdom WHO AROSE early and worked deep into the night. John Flamsteed, who, in 1675, was appointed England’s first astronomer royal by King Charles II, came calling so early one morning that Newton was still in bed. While waiting for his host to dress, Flamsteed read one of Newton’s Bibles and reminded himself that he must keep calm no matter how irritating Newton might be. He considered him to be “a good man at bottom,” but highly suspicious and too easily influenced by others. More than anyone else, Flamsteed blamed Edmond Halley for the shabby way Newton had been treating him of late. Looking the part of a dour Puritan minister in the portrait of him that hangs in the Royal Society, Flamsteed suspected that Halley was an atheist, an unbeliever who mocked the religious behind their backs.
Bridging Evidence-Based Health Care and Social Work How to Search for, Develop, and Use Evidence-Based Studies
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth , Regehr Cheryl
Published: November 2023

Social workers are often at the forefront of providing guidance to clients and their families regarding a wide range of health, mental health, and social service options. While social workers obviously do not provide medical or psychiatric advice, they are required to be knowledgeable about health and mental health treatments and issues so that they can assist clients and their families to access required information from health care providers and make informed decisions. Further, in providing social work services social workers can no longer rely on best intentions but are obligated to ensure that the interventions they employ are informed by the available research evidence. The overriding objective of this volume is to bridge and augment health and social work practices with scientific research inquiry.
The Ascetic and the Domestic in Brahmanical Religiosity
Authors: Olivelle Patrick
Published: November 2023

The theme of this volume is “criticizing asceticism” within the respective religious traditions that we are examining. The assumption is that the groups and individuals within those traditions who engage in the critique, as well as modern scholars who investigate such critiques, have a clear idea of what they are criticizing that is, that they and we know what “asceticism” is. My own chapter is entitled “The Ascetic and the Domestic” with the implications that the two are mutually opposed and, moreover, that we have a clear idea of what “domesticity” means. These are presuppositions that I will attempt to problematize here with material drawn from the Indian traditions, with the expectation that some of the issues I raise will be relevant cross-culturally in the study of religion in general and of asceticism in particular.
Quantum chemistry by random walk: H4 square
Authors: Anderson J B
Published: November 2023

Early fixed-node QMC calculations for the H4 system helped resolve an apparent disagreement between experimental measurements and theoretical predictions for the exchange reaction of H2 and D2. A number of rate measurements for the reaction H2 + D2 2 HD indicated an activation energy of 35 to 45 kcal/mole and suggested a direct bimolecular reaction mechanism, a but several analytic variational calculations indicated barrier heights of greater than 115 kcal/mole for a variety of reaction paths. This paper reported fixed-node diffusion QMC calculations for the case of the H4 square of side length 2.4 bohr in the 1  B1g and 1  B2g states. Node structures were taken from variational calculations for single- and multiple-determinant wavefunctions in the simplest forms meeting the symmetry requirements for these states.
Ab initio global potential-energy surface
Authors: Xie Z , Braams B J , Bowman J M
Published: November 2023

The reactions Ht -+ Hf + H2, H4D+ -+ Hf + HD, H4D+ -+ H2D+ + H2, and Hf + HD -+ H2D+ + H2 are important in the chemistry of interstellar space. Each corresponds to motion on the rather complicated nine-dimensional five-body potential energy surface of the cation Ht which has permutational invariance of the H atoms. In the study reported in this paper the potential energy surface was generated not by QMC methods but by coupled cluster calculations with a large basis set, i.e., CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ. The QMC aspect of the study is in the determination of zero-point energies for the Ht, Hf, and H2 species and their isotopic variants as well as the anharmonic dissociation energy of Ht. To obtain an analytic function for the potential energy surface approximately 100,000 points on the surface were selected from classical trajectories started at the global minimum for Ht. An analytic function of the ten internuclear distances with full permutational symmetry was then fit to these points. The resulting surface was found in good agreement with the results of earlier high-level calculations for the ten stationary points on the surface. The zero-point energies for the several species were determined in diffusion QMC calculations for 20,000 walkers with 5000 steps for each of ten runs. For those started at the global Ht minimum a stable average energy of 7210 cm-1 (20.6 kcal/mol) was observed in the time interval 300-7000 au. For those begun at the Hf + H2 dissociation limit an initial stable average energy of 9424 cm-1 (26.9 kcal/mol) was observed in the range 500-5000 au followed by descent to the 7210 cm-1 stable region. These rigorous zero-point energies along with a De value of 8.30 kcal/mol gave a dissociation energy D0 of 6.33 ± 0.03 kcal/mol, a value in good agreement with experimental values.
The Symmetry of Chaos
Authors: Gilmore Robert , Letellier Christophe
Published: November 2023

There is a tremendous fascination with chaos and fractals, about which picture books can be found on coffee tables everywhere. Chaos and fractals represent hands-on mathematics that is alive and changing. One can turn on a personal computer and create stunning mathematical images that no one has ever seen before. Chaos and fractals are part of dynamics, a larger subject that deals with change, with systems that evolve with time. Whether the system in question settles down to equilibrium, keeps repeating in cycles, or does something more complicated, it is dynamics that scientists and mathematicians use to analyze a system’s behavior. Chaos is the term used to describe the apparently complex behavior of what we consider to be simple, well-behaved systems. Chaotic behavior, when looked at casually, looks erratic and almost random. The type of behavior that in the last 20 years has come to be called chaotic arises in very simple systems. In fact, these systems are essentially deterministic; that is, precise knowledge of the conditions of a system allow future behavior of the system to be predicted. The problem of chaos is to reconcile these apparently conflicting notions: randomness and predictability. Why have scientists, engineers, and mathematicians become intrigued by chaos? The answer to that question has two parts: (1) the study of chaos has provided new conceptual tools enabling scientists to categorize and understand complex behavior and (2) chaotic behavior seems to be universal - from electrical circuits to nerve cells. Chaos is about predictability in even the most unstable systems, and symmetry is a pattern of predictability - a conceptual tool to help understand complex behavior. The Symmetry of Chaos treats this interplay between chaos and symmetry. This graduate textbook in physics, applied mathematics, engineering, fluid dynamics, and chemistry is full of exciting new material, illustrated by hundreds of figures. Nonlinear dynamics and chaos are relatively young fields, and in addition to serving textbook markets, there is a strong interest among researchers in new results in the field. The authors are the foremost experts in this field, and this book should give a definitive account of this branch of dynamical systems theory.
What You Must Think of Me
Authors: Ford Emily , Liebowitz Michael R , Andrews Linda Wasmer
Published: November 2023

We've all felt occasional pangs of shyness and self-consciousness, but for those suffering with social anxiety disorder, the fear of being scrutinized and criticized can reach disabling proportions. Such was the case for Emily Ford, who shares her firsthand experiences in these pages. Emily's true story of fear, struggle, and ultimate triumph is sure to resonate with other socially anxious teenagers and young adults. Emily's frank, often witty, sometimes poignant account of how she negotiated all the obstacles of social anxiety--and eventually overcame them with the help of therapy and hard work--makes for compelling reading. Yet this book is more than just a memoir. Emily's story is coupled with the latest medical and scientific information about the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and self-management of social anxiety disorder (or SAD). Readers will find a wealth of solid advice and genuine inspiration here. In engaging, accessible language--and with the help of psychiatrist Michael Liebowitz--she discusses what is known and not known about social anxiety disorder in adolescents. She outlines the various psychotherapies available for those with SAD and explains how to seek professional help, how to talk to family and friends about the illness, and how to handle difficult social situations. The result is both an absorbing story and a useful guide that will help to ease the isolation caused by SAD, encouraging young people to believe that, with commitment and hard work, they can overcome this illness. Part of the Adolescent Mental Health Initiative series of books written specifically for teens and young adults, What You Must Think of Me will also be a valuable resource for friends and family of those with SAD. It offers much-needed hope to young people, helping them to overcome this illness and lead healthy, productive lives.
Injury Epidemiology
Authors: Robertson Leon S
Published: November 2023

This text presents epidemiologic methods for studying injuries and evaluating interventions to prevent them. It explains how to formulate research questions, the sources of reliable and valid data, and the best choice of research methods. The difficulties of applying rates and ratios to the evaluation of programs are discussed, and the use of economic concepts and policy analysis is covered. It provides specific objectives for research in the various stages of injury control planning and implementation, including the types of data needed to reach the objectives. This third edition is fully updated throughout with new studies used as discussion examples. The chapters have been reorganised into more precise topic areas, for ease of reference.
What Is Intervention Research?
Authors: Fraser Mark W , Richman Jack M , Galinsky Maeda J , Day Steven H
Published: November 2023

At the core, making a difference is what social work practice is all about. Whether at the individual, organizational, state, or national level, making a difference usually involves developing and implementing some kind of action strategy. Often too, practice involves optimizing a strategy over time, that is, attempting to improve it.

In social work, public health, psychology, nursing, medicine, and other professions, we select strategies that are thought to be effective based on the best available evidence. These strategies range from clinical techniques, such as developing a new role-play to demonstrate a skill, to complex programs that have garnered support in a series of controlled studies, to policy-level initiatives that may be based on large case studies, expert opinion, or legislative reforms. To be sure, the evidence is often only a partial guide in developing new clinical techniques, programs, and policies. Indeed, strategies often must be adapted to meet the unique needs of the situation, including the social or demographic characteristics that condition problems. Thus, the hallmark of modern social work practice is this very process of identifying, adapting, and implementing what we understand to be the best available strategy for change.

However, suppose that you have an idea for how to develop a new service or revise an existing one. That is, through experience and research, you begin to devise a different practice strategy—an approach that perhaps has no clear evidence base, but one that may improve current services. When you attempt to develop new strategies or enhance existing strategies, you are ready to engage in intervention research.
Step 1: Specify the Problem and Develop a Program Theory
Authors: Fraser Mark W , Richman Jack M , Galinsky Maeda J , Day Steven H
Published: November 2023

Early social researchers were interested in demonstrating whether programs had positive effects on significant social problems such as delinquency, child maltreatment, and drug abuse. They were less interested in showing that programs had positive effects on proximal outcomes such as acquisition of new skills, changes in social support, or compliance with treatment. They tended to focus on long-term outcomes, with emphasis placed on distal effects, and interventions were broadly conceptualized.

Consider an example from the 1941 Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study that was designed to test the effects of case advocacy and supportive guidance on delinquency (Powers, Witmer, and Allport 1951). Using a sample of 431 boys in Massachusetts, the researchers matched the study participants on characteristics including age, physique, family discipline, religion, ethnicity, and neighborhood crime. Within pairs, one boy was randomized to an intervention group and the other to a control group. In the intervention condition, the boys began receiving academic tutoring, medical care, and general mentoring when they were about ten-and-a-half, and these supports continued until they reached age sixteen.

On average, the case workers visited the boys in their homes twice a month, and also took the boys to sporting events and other community activities. In addition, the intervention group boys participated in program-supported camping trips and summer camps. Well intended, the basic idea behind the intervention was to provide friendly, supportive counsel to high-risk boys and their families. Serious crimes were recorded after age seventeen and used as the outcome measure. At the end of the study period, no significant differences were found between the treatment and control group boys (McCord 1992; Powers, Witmer, and Allport 1951). However, findings from a thirty-year follow-up suggested that the boys in the treatment group fared worse in adulthood and reported higher rates of violent crime and alcoholism than the control group boys (Dishion, McCord, and Poulin 1999; McCord 1992). The follow-up study concluded that supportive counseling was not effective, and suggested that aggregating high-risk youth may have a corrupting and deleterious effect (also called deviancy training, see Gifford-Smith et al. 2005).
Challenges in Intervention Research
Authors: Fraser Mark W , Richman Jack M , Galinsky Maeda J , Day Steven H
Published: November 2023

Previous chapters have emphasized synthesizing program theory from research, developing treatment manuals rooted in program theory, testing and refining program materials through a series of studies, and giving early consideration to fidelity and adaptation. We did not delve into the detail of research design or statistical methods because these topics are treated well in other texts (e.g., Shadish et al. 2002). However, both of these areas are important in intervention research and should not be overlooked. Indeed, it is hard to imagine mounting a program of intervention research without knowledge of each. In addition, developing a program theory that specifies malleable mediators, composing program materials that fit the organizational and cultural context, and anticipating factors that may affect the uptake of an intervention by practitioners are crucial if scientific knowledge is to affect practice.

Intervention research is a generative and creative process that involves the design, development, and dissemination of systematic change strategies. An important aspect of intervention research is that it incorporates activities that are intended to promote the implementation of programs by practitioners and the agencies in which they work. These activities are what distinguish effective interventions that are likely to be adopted into practice from those interventions that, even though effective, are unlikely to penetrate practice. Although effective interventions often have compelling characteristics (e.g., target processes that are causally related to social and health problems, have supporting data from well-controlled studies), interventions that penetrate practice have five additional features. These focus on factors that accelerate the uptake of an EBT by agencies and practitioners. They include ease of use; a clear specification of core content required to produce expected outcomes; fit with the policy and organizational context; guidelines for implementation and cultural adaptation; and outcomes that are readily observed by stakeholders. This integration of design, development, and dissemination distinguishes this book and, more generally, intervention research.
Understanding Somatization In The Practice Of Clinical Neuropsychology
Authors: Lamberty Greg J
Published: November 2023

Understanding Somatization in the Practice of Clinical Neuropsychology is written for neuropsychologists wishing to improve their ability to diagnose and treat, or recommend treatment for, patients with somatoform disorders. The author, a seasoned clinician, blends evidence-based information with sound practical advice within a conceptual framework helpful in understanding this group of difficult patients. A Continuing Education (CE) component administered by the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology is included.
Communion of Immigrants
Authors: Fisher James T
Published: November 2023

Catholicism has grown from a suppressed and persecuted outsiders' religion in the American colonies to become the nation's single largest denomination. James Fisher surveys more than four centuries of Catholics' involvement in American history, starting his narrative with one of the first Spanish expeditions to Florida, in 1528. He follows the transformation of Catholicism into one of America's most culturally and ethnically diverse religions, including the English Catholics' early settlement in Maryland, the Spanish missions to the Native Americans, the Irish and German poor who came in search of work and farmland, the proliferation of Polish and Italian communities, and the growing influx of Catholics from Latin America. The book discusses Catholic involvement in politics and conflict, from New York's Tammany Hall to the Vietnam War and abortion. Fisher highlights the critical role of women in American Catholicism--from St. Elizabeth Seton and Dorothy Day to Mother Cabrini, the first American citizen to be canonized a saint--and describes the influence of prominent American Catholics such as Cardinal John J. O'Connor, 1930s radio personality Father Charles Coughlin, President John F. Kennedy, pacifists Daniel and Philip Berrigan, activist Cesar Chavez, and author Flannery O'Connor. For this new edition, Fisher has brought the story up to date, including the latest struggles within the American church leadership.
From the “Great Convergence” to the “First Great Divergence”
Authors: Scheidel Walter
Published: November 2023

Two thousand years ago, perhaps half of the entire human species had come under the control of just two powers, the Roman and Han empires, at opposite ends of Eurasia. Both entities were broadly similar in terms of size. Both of them were run by god-like emperors residing in the largest cities the world had seen so far, were made up of some 1,500 to 2,000 administrative districts, and, at least at times, employed hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Both states laid claim to ruling the whole world, orbits terrarium and Tania, while both encountered similar competition for surplus between central government and local elites and similar pressures generated by secondary state formation beyond their frontiers and subsequent “barbarian” infiltration. Both of them even ended in similar ways: one half, the original political core—the west in Europe, the north in China—was first weakened by warlords and then taken over by “barbarian” successor states, whereas the other half was preserved by a traditionalist regime. It was only from the late sixth century c.e. onward that the two trajectories of state formation began to diverge, slowly at first but more dramatically over time, between the cyclical restoration of a China-wide empire in the East and the decline of empire and central government in the West, followed by the slow creation of a polycentric state system that proved resistant to any attempts to impose hegemony, let alone unification, and ultimately evolved into the now-familiar cluster of modern nation states.
“When You Go To The Meadow. . .” The Lament of the Taptara-Women inthe Hittite Sallis Wastais Ritual
Authors: Rutherford Ian
Published: November 2023

The Hittite Kingdom that dominated central Anatolia for about four centuries during the middle of the second millennium b.c.e. is gradually revealing itself to modern scholars, thanks to the discovery and deciphering of extensive archives from its capital at Hattusa (modern Boghaz Köy) in the early decades of the twentieth century. Hittite religion and society are turning out to have been a complex, multilayered structure with Indo-European elements fused with a pre-Indo-European (‘‘Hattic’’) substrate, heavily influenced by the civilization of North Syria. Most of what has been learned about it relates to the experiences and activities of the royal family, the festivals they took part in, their prayers, their intrigues, and their dreams; and for death too the treatment of royalty is much better documented than that of any one else in the society. Most of our information about the royal funerary ritual is textual; archaeology has made little contribution (a point of contrast with mortuary practice in the roughly contemporary Mycenaean civilization in Greece, for which the sources are almost exclusively archaeological).
Ancient States, Empires, and Exploitation
Authors: Goldstone Jack A , Haldon John F
Published: November 2023

The rise and fall of ancient empires and states has been a popular theme in comparative social and political history for many years, yet we still find the whole process fascinating—perhaps because, in the modern world, notions of the “end of history” and “imperial overstretch” have raised questions about whether decline and fall affect the modern Western world as well as the past. Yet beyond such simple slogans lies a deeper truth: the dynamics of historical social change remain problematic because there are no simple answers to the question “Why did such- and-such an empire rise when it did, and why did it collapse or succumb to external pressures when it did?” The resurgence of interest in the fates of empires, as well as in meta-theoretical discussion about the structures of historical change on the grand scale, is evidenced in a number of current projects and recent publications.
Becoming Good Ancestors
Authors: Ehrenfeld David
Published: November 2023

A brilliant writer and gifted "big picture" thinker, David Ehrenfeld is one of America's leading conservation biologists. Becoming Good Ancestors unites in a single, up-to-date framework pieces written over two decades, spanning politics, ecology, and culture, and illuminating the forces in modern society that thwart our efforts to solve today's hard questions about society and the environment. The book focuses on our present-day retreat from reality, our alienation from nature, our unthinking acceptance of new technology and rejection of the old, the loss of our ability to discriminate between events we can control and those we cannot, the denial of non-economic values, and the decline of local communities. If we are aware of what we are losing and why we are losing it, the author notes, all of these patterns are reversible. Through down-to-earth examples, ranging from a family canoe trip in the wilderness to the novels of Jane Austen to Chinese turtle and tiger farms, Ehrenfeld shows how we can use what we learn to move ourselves and our society towards a more stable, less frantic, and far more satisfying life, a life in which we are no longer compelled to damage ourselves and our environment, in which our children have a future, and in which fewer species are endangered and more rivers run clean. In the final chapter, he offers a dramatic view of the possibilities inherent in a fusion of the best elements of conservatism and liberalism. Our society has an inherent sense of what is right, says Ehrenfeld, and the creativity and persistence to make good things happen. It is now time to apply our intelligence, guided by our moral judgment, to the very large problems we all face. This book is an important first step.
Numerical Computation in Science and Engineering
Authors: Pozrikidis C
Published: November 2023

Designed for non-expert student, enthusiast, or researcher, this two-volume text provides an accessible introduction to numerical computation and its applications in science and engineering. It assumes no prior knowledge beyond undergraduate calculus and elementary computer programming. Fundamental and practical issues are discussed in a unified manner with a generous, but not excessive, dose of numerical analysis. Topics are introduced on a need to know basis to concisely illustrate the practical implementation of a variety of algorithms and demystify seemingly esoteric numerical methods. Algorithms that can be explained without too much elaboration and can be implemented within a few dozen lines of computer code are discussed in detail, and computer programs in Fortran, C++, and Matlab are provided. Algorithms whose underlying theories require long, elaborate explanations are discussed at the level of first principles, and references for further information are given. The book uses numerous schematic illustrations to demonstrate concepts and facilitate their understanding by providing readers with a helpful interplay between ideas and visual images. Real-world examples drawn from various branches of science and engineering are presented. Updated information on computer technology and numerical methods is included, many new and some original topics are introduced. Additional solved and unsolved problems are included.
What Is Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Authors: Phillips Katharine A
Published: November 2023

Sarah, a 24-year-old medical student, called me after she’d seen a story on body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) on TV. “My problem isn’t very severe; I’m not sure I have body dysmorphic disorder. My concern with my appearance isn’t that extreme, but it probably is excessive. It’s a problem for me.”
Shakespeare The Theatre-Poet
Authors: Hapgood Robert
Published: November 2023

How subject to interpretation is Shakespeare? The valid options his plays afford can seem infinite; yet in fact they are not. This book seeks to come fully to terms with Shakespeare's openness to interpretation while respecting the primacy of his creative presence. It sees Shakespeare the theatre-poet as making theatre not only by outlining an imaginary world but by providing guidelines for its enactment and reception, implying in each of his plays a distinctive rapport between the playwright, the players, and the playgoers. These guidelines may be discerned through a study of the range and limits of the options that a given text affords. The book studies a variety of plays in this way, especially Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. By doing so it seeks to provide an aesthetic for Shakespeare's theatre-poetry, one that includes the author along with the actors and the audience in the event that occurs when a play is performed.
Radical Satire And Print Culture 1790-1822
Authors: Wood Marcus
Published: November 2023

Radical Satire and Print Culture 1790-1822 focuses on the work produced collaboratively between 1816 and 1822 by the poet and radical journalist William Hone and the brilliant young graphic satirist George Cruikshank. Dr Wood provides a much needed analytical framework for Regency radical satire uncovering a set of new sources and previously unknown cultural contexts for Hone and Cruikshank's work, which is shown to combine modernity and tradition in thrilling ways. Hone fused the literary and political inheritance of eighteenth-century satire with contemporary developments in advertising , popular publishing and mass marketing; Cruikshank combined the sophisticated conventions of the political print with the most up-to-date methods of advertizing, politics and propaganda. Entertaining and original, this is an important contribution to the study of radical satire, which sheds new light on the relations between popular political authors and graphic artists and the major Romantic writers of the period.
Radical Underworld
Authors: Mccalman Iain
Published: November 2023

This is a paperback edition of a highly acclaimed study of English popular radicalism during the period between the anti-Jacobin government `Terror' of the 1790s and the beginnings of Chartism. Challenging conventional distinctions between `high' and `low' culture, Iain McCalman brilliantly reveals the links between the political underworld and literary culture, poverty, crime, and prophetic religion. Drawing on information from spy reports and contemporary literature, the book traces for the first time the history of the underground revolutionary-republican grouping founded by the agrarian reformer, Thomas Spence. Challenging conventional distinctions between 'high' and 'low' culture, McCalman illuminates the darker, more populist sides of Romanticism. His underworld of ideas links the Shelleys to pornographer-revolutionaries and political blackmailers, millenarian prophecy to discourses of blasphemy, black revolution and saturnalian theatricality, and radical journalism to the Grub Street undergrowth of bawdy and pornography which sprang up in the opening years of Queen Victoria's reign. Radical Underworld broadens the conventional boundaries of popular politics and culture by illuminating a political underworld connected with poverty, crime, prophetic religion and literary culture. It is a model of cultural history and a major re-evaluation of its topic.
Three Places of the Trachiniae
Authors: Fowler Robert l.
Published: November 2023

My purpose in this brief discussion is to suggest that in three places of the Trachiniae hitherto unnoticed or unexploited parallels may improve our understanding of the play. At lines 153 ff., Deianeira tells the chorus that a novel kind of suffering has attended her husband’s latest absence: Commentators have picked up this hint and usefully explored the similarities and contrasts between these plays. I should like to suggest that an equally fruitful comparison can be made with the archetypal nostos, that of Odysseus; indeed, the audience might think of this one sooner, not only because of the familiarity of the text, but because it reproduces more faithfully the archetypal folktale of the departing husband who leaves instructions against his failure to return. The story pattern includes the fixing of a time after which the wife is to act. Heracles states a time, or at least reports it as it was given to him, in the passage quoted; Odysseus, we learn in book 1 8 ( 2 5 7 ff.), told Penelope to take action when Telemachus had grown his beard.
The Greek Anthology
Authors: Cameron Alan
Published: November 2023

The Greek Anthology is one of the great books of European literature, `a garden containing the flowers and weeds of 1500 years of Greek epigram'. This study adds a wealth of new information about its growth over an even longer period, from the earliest papyrus anthologies down to the rediscovery in 1606 of the Palatine Anthology (AP), our principal source for the entire history of the Greek epigram, from Simonides to the Byzantine age. It was a Byzantine schoolmaster, Constantine Cephalas, who excerpted all the major ancient collections in about 900. His work is reconstructed in this book from a close analysis of the Palatine Anthology at about 940 and the various later collections. Following a number of neglected clues, Professor Cameron identifies the compiler of AP as Constantine the Rhodian, and solves the mystery of the Manderings of AP during the Renaissance, showing that it once belonged to Sir Thomas More.
Greek Poetry in the An to nine Age
Authors: Bowie E L
Published: November 2023

Although the Antonine Age produced much less Greek poetry than prose, there is still far more than can be assessed adequately in a single paper, and to help me in my task I focus on a shorter period, the reigns of Hadrian, Pius, and Marcus. Even here I must be selective, but I make no apology for including the reign of Hadrian, since so many of the poets of the period AD 1 1 7-80 flourished under him, some indeed as a direct result of his interest.
Characterization and Individuality in Greek Literature
Authors: Pelling Christopher
Published: November 2023

The Greeks discovered the individual, it is said, but in what sense is this true? Characters in Greek literature may often seem strangely different from their modern counterparts: less idiosyncratic, less real, and with less psychological depth or interest. Personality traits seems to cluster more predictably in the characters of Greek authors than of those today. Despite the wide-ranging scope of this aspect of Greek literature, most previous discussions on Greek characterization and individuality have been limited to particular authors or genres. This volume attempts to illuminate the connections and mutual influences of the various genres in the portrayal of the individual. Ten essays explore the question of the distinction of character and personality (C. Gill); how the Greeks viewed the concept of character (S. Halliwell); characterization in epic (O. Taplin), in tragedy (P. E. Easterling, S. Goldhill, and J. Griffin), in comedy (M. Silk), in philosophical dialectic (L. Coventry), in oratory and rhetoric (D. A. Russell), and in biography (C. B. R. Pelling). This work will be invaluable to anyone interested in Greek literature and in the phenomenon of characterization and individuality in literature in general.
Characterization in Euripides: Hippolytus and Iphigeneia in Aulis
Authors: Griffin Jasper
Published: November 2023

The question of characterization in Attic tragedy is a fascination and also a complex one. It has sometimes suffered from the assumption that a playwright always behaves, in this regard, in the same way. That is, I think, untrue, and I hope it will emerge from this discussion that in these two plays—one of them among the earliest which we possess from the poet’s pen, the other left unfinished at his death—Euripides can be seen to handle the characterization and the psychology of his people in ways which have a good deal in common, but which also are importantly different.
The Role of the Interlocutor in Plato’s DialoguesTheory and Practice
Authors: Coventry Lucinda
Published: November 2023

When Socrates sets responsiveness to the interlocutor beside devotion to the truth as a distinctive feature of dialectic, he gives expression to the idea underlying the importance of characterization in Plato’s work. It is essential to dialectic as Plato portrays it that argument should not be unvarying, indifferent to the participants, but should rather be sensitive to the individual respondent in any dispute.
Conclusion
Authors: Pelling Christopher
Published: November 2023

We must not gloss over the point .Just as the Greeks failed to develop a genuine discipline of historical research, so also they were unable to grasp the true nature of a human being. The observer always remained detached, when he should have been placing himself in the other man’s soul. Instead of understanding, he praises or blames. And always he regards a man as something complete and entire, never as anything that develops. How could they have understood the contradictions that are found in every soul of any richness, and whose unification alone creates a person’s individuality? Only their tragedians (for Menander’s comedy certainly fell short of it) had the capacity to create whole persons of the sort where we can sense how they must have become the way they are, through life’s experiences and despite life’s experiences. And then, of course, there was Plato: but Plato at least potentially burst through virtually all the limitations of the Greek spirit. I do not here discuss how the Greeks came to be like this: in the sixth and fifth centuries there was the potential for a quite different development.
Introduction
Authors: Scardigli Barbara
Published: November 2023

This volume collects articles on the most important themes of Plutarch’s Greek and Roman Lives. It includes contributions from 1963 to 1990 on Plutarch’s life, milieu, and culture; on questions of programme, method, and composition; on the chronological order of composition and the cross-references from one Life to another; on the possibility that several biographies were edited simultaneously; on the methods Plutarch adopted to summarize his own reading and research; on the choice of subjects and of sources (Plutarch often shows very good judgement in both aspects); on his compositional techniques, which show with particular clarity procedures very common in ancient historical writing-adaptation, simplification, contamination, displacement, linking of unconnected events, addition, selective explanation of fact; and on the criteria for selecting the Greek and Roman pairs.
Plutarch’s Adaptation of his Source-Material
Authors: Pelling C B R
Published: November 2023

In anearlier article, I argued that six of the Roman LivesCrassus, Pompey, Caesar, Cato, Brutus, and Antony-were prepared as a single project, and rest upon the same store of source-material.1 If this is so, it affords a unique opportunity to investigate Plutarch’s techniques. There are substantial variations among these six versions, both crude inconsistencies of fact and subtler differences of interpretation. It no longer seems adequate to assume that these are simply inherited from differing source-material; they must arise from Plutarch’s individual literary methods. Their analysis should therefore illuminate those methods. How much licence did Plutarch allow himself in rewriting and manipulating detail for artistic ends? And what considerations would lead him to vary his treatment in these ways? In the first part of this paper, I examine the literary devices which Plutarch employed in streamlining his material: conflation of similar items, chronological compression and dislocation, fabrication of circumstantial detail, and the like. In the second, I turn to the differences of interpretation and emphasis among these Lives. These suggest some wider conclusions concerning Plutarch’s biographical practice, which are developed in the final section: in particular, the very different aims, interests, and conventions which are followed in different Lives, and the flexible nature of this biographical genre.
Introduction
Authors: Mitchell Stephen
Published: November 2023

Anatolia, the vast region of mountains and upland plateaux which extend across the interior of modern Turkey from the Mediterranean and the Black Sea coasts to the Euphrates and to the Syrian desert, is a land mass whose importance may easily elude casual enquiry. In historical times it never contained a great city; it has produced no major writers or thinkers whose works have made a decisive contribution to our collective culture, either in the Western or in the Islamic tradition; and, apart from three widely separated periods-that of the Hittite empire in the second millenium BC; the eleventh to thit teenth centuries AD, when the Seljuks controlled a great kingdom from Konya; and modern times, when Ankara has become the capital of Turkey-Anatolia has not been an independent political unit but part of a larger political structure. Its history has thus often been ignored while attention has focused on the imperial capitals, under whose control it lay. The story of Anatolia, under Persia, Rome, or Constantinople, is indistinct and ill-articulated. Indeed, like many provinces of larger empires, it is, in one sense, a land without history.
The Development of the Cities
Authors: Mitchell Stephen
Published: November 2023

By the period that most of the cities of Anatolia were founded, the possibility that a polis might still be a genuinely autonomous or independent community was long since extinct. At the beginning of the second century AD Dio Chrysostom and Plutarch reminded their upper-class contemporaries and their fellow citizens that it was no longer possible to act as though they lived in the days of Pericles and Demosthenes.1 A community’s freedom of action was always constrained by the superior power of Rome, which was represented, at a distance, by the limitless authority of the emperors,2 and embodied, near at hand, by their legates, proconsuls, and procurators (Ch. 5). If necessary, and in the last resort, Roman will could be enforced by military intervention.
Religion and Authority in Roman Carthage from Augustus to Constantine
Authors: Rives J B
Published: November 2023

This book examines the organization of religion in the Roman empire from Augustus to Constantine. Although there have been illuminating particular studies of the relationship between religious activity and socio-political authority in the empire, there has been no large-scale attempt to assess it as a whole. Taking as his focus the situation in Carthage, the greatest city of the western provinces, J.B. Rives argues that the traditional religion, predicated on the structure of a city-state, could not serve to integrate individuals into an empire. In upholding traditional religion, the government abandoned the sort of political control of religious behaviour characteristic of the Roman Republic, and allowed poeple to determine their own religious identities. The importance of Christianity was thus suited to the needs of the increasingly homogeneous Roman empire.
Introduction
Authors: Rives J B
Published: November 2023

We may picture a day in Carthage, when Caracalla is the ruler of the Roman empire, and the city, flush from the benefits bestowed by that emperor and his father, is at a peak of prosperity. It is a day, perhaps, shortly before one of the most important civic events in Carthage, the great games of the god Aesculapius. Tourists are pouring in from all over the province, the wealthy aristocrats are returning from their country estates. The participants in the games come from even further afield, and from the old Greek cities of the East self-important diplomatic representatives arrive. The annual priest of Aesculapius, having contributed vast sums to the celebration of these games, is making the final preparations for his hour of glory, when he will lead the procession in honour of the god and offer the sacrifices that mark the start of the festivities. In addition to the magistrates and the members of the city council, the procession will include the other civic priests of Carthage: the pontifices and augurs; the annual priest of Ceres, followed by a crowd of that goddess’s lesser priests and devotees; and the various flamens, the priests of the imperial cult. During the games, however, the priest of Aesculapius can be confident that he will outshine all these impressive personages. Not even the racy theatrical performances in the festival of Caelestis, the great patron goddess of Carthage, attract more attention than the games of Aesculapius.
Written in Stone? Liberty, Equality, Orality and the Codification of Law1
Authors: Thomas Rosalind
Published: November 2023

In late fifth and fourth century Athens it was a platitude that written law brought justice for all alike, and thus that it was the basis for the democracy. As a character in Euripides’ Suppliants says (433 f.), ‘when the laws have been written down both the weak and the rich have equal justice’. Gorgias also saw written law as the guardian of justice (Diels and Kranz 1951-2: 82,fr. IIa, § 30 (Palamedes)). This close relation between justice, democracy, and written law was apparently confirmed still earlier by Solon’s codification of the laws in writing. As he says himself in one poem, ‘I wrote down laws alike for rich and poor, fitting straight justice to each’ (frag. 36W = Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians 12. 4). Aristotle criticized the Spartan ephors because they determined cases by their own judgement and not by written law (kata grammata kai tous nomous): there is an implicit comparison with the rule of law at Athens (Politics 1270b28-31). The Cretan leaders receive the same criticism a little later (Politics 1272a36-9): ‘their arbitrary power of acting on their own judgement and dispensing with written law is dangerous’.
Cupid and Psyche
Authors: Huskinson Janet
Published: November 2023

Cupid and Psyche are versatile images on sarcophagi. Some representations allude to their mythological story, others treat them as individual allegorical figures. They may appear together, separately, or in multiples. Schlam (1976) has reviewed their representation in ancient art in the context of Apuleius’ telling of their story inMetamorphoses VI. Despite his conclusion that the two versions, literary and visual, are independent of each other, he is clear about the rich potential of Cupid and Psyche as artistic motifs. They are capable of expressing quite specific symbolism, but equally seem to have been used in some settings because ‘they simply remained available’ (Schlam 1992: 93). This pattern is reflected in these children’s sarcophagi. In addition they include scenes such as the marine feasts and cupidthiasoi, and the distinctive Season sarcophagus (8.18) which are found rarely (if at all) elsewhere.
Preface
Authors: Huskinson Janet
Published: November 2023

This second part of the book discusses the material under various thematic headings. Section 11 looks at the different roles played by customers and craftsmen in the generation of images, and considers in particular the special focus which use of the sarcophagus for a child would bring. Because, in my view, these are important factors in the development of iconography which have often been undervalued, this section acts as a preface to the rest. The other sections discuss the choice of subjects on children’s sarcophagi. Sections 12-14 examine different aspects of the representation of the child, in terms of child (12) and adult (13), and in the context of its death (14). Sections 15-21 consider the use of other subject-matter and its particular relevance to children’s sarcophagi: its range (15), mythological (16) and cupid (17) scenes, and scenes where the protagonists are replaced by younger figures (18). Sections 19 and 20 draw together themes from these relevant to life and death respectively, and Section 21 looks at Christian subject-matter.