bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI SUDAN
Authors: Irfan Syahroni Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu indikator maju mundurnya sebuah negara. Oleh karena itu, untuk menjadi negara yang kuat dan maju, pendidikan harus dijadikan sebagai bidang unggulan. Sudan merupakan negara multi agama dan multi etnis yang memiliki perbedaan kelas sosial ekonomi antara kaum Arab dan Afrika. Pendidikan formal di Sudan dimulai dari pendidikan dasar selama delapan tahun, kemudian pendidikan menengah tiga tahun. Bahasa pengantar pedidikan yang digunakan di semua tingkatan adalah bahasa Arab. Sudan juga mempunyai banyak universitas ternama yang sudah berusia puluhan bahkan ratusan tahun. Sedangkan pendidikan non formal, dilaksanakan melalui majelis-majelis ilmu dengan sistem talaqqi lewat para masyaikh yang tersebar hampir di seluruh penjuru Sudan. Jamaah yang paling eksis dalam model pendidikan ini adalah Jamaah Anshar Sunnah al-Muhammadiyah yang mengajarkan faham ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah. Materi yang diajarkan dalam majeis-majelis ilmu tersebut antara lain: tauhid, tafsir, hadits, fiqih, dan sejarah.
PILAR PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA MASA DINASTI ABBASIYAH
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Hudatullah
Published: March 2024

Pendidikan tinggi informal memiliki peran dan fungsi yang sangat strategis dalam memajukan dunia pendidikan islam pada masa dinasti Abbasiyah sehingga mampu membangun peradaban yang tidak mampu dikalahkan sampai saat ini. Pendidikan tinggi informal yang dikembangkan adalah perpustakaan atau pada masa dinasti Abbasiyah di kenal dengan nama “bait al-hikam” yang merupakan salah satu penemuan pada masa itu sehingga membawa islam pada puncak kejayaannya. Kemudian observarium yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan berbagai ilmu pengetahuan dan juga dikembangkan halaqah-halaqah untuk mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan keagamaan. hal ini terjadi karena Pergesaran paradigma yang dimulai pada masa pemerintahan khalifah Harun al-Rasyid yang mengangap pentingnya dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan berimplikasi pada tatanan sosial masyarakat agar ikut serta dalam mewujudkannya. Gagasan intelektual-ilmiah ini diteruskan oleh anaknya yaitu khalifah al-Makmun yang membangun al-Bayt al-Hikmah yang digunakan sebagai tempat untuk melakukan penerjemahan, pengkajian dan penelitian terhadap manuskrip dan teks-teks kuno yunani. Baik itu tentang filsafat, matematika, logika dan kimia. Adapun fungsi dari perpustakaan adalah fungsi religius, akademis dan sosial. Yang dimana semua fungsi ini merupakan perwujudan dari masyarakat yang peduli dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan.
STRATEGI KEBUDAYAAN SYEIKH ZAINUDIN RE-FORMULASI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI LOMBOK
Authors: Muharir
Published: March 2024

Al Mujahidin Islamic boarding school as a laboratory for testing semi-classical learning model. As a center of education. TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Majid reformed on two things. First : renewal of learning methods [integration of halaqoh and classical system]. Second, when the sasak people made the Malay Arabic book the main reference. Al Mujahidin Islamic boarding school in all learning activities add references to Arabic books, this is done to make easier the students to understand primary sources of islam including Alqurán  and Al-Hadits. In conducting preaching and developing Islamic education in Lombok, TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Majid was using a cultural approach, at least there are two aspects of culture that are used as a foothold. First : compose sasak songs in dakwah approach. For example “Pacu Gama”, “ ya fata Sasak”, that songs hummed an invitation to be religions the lyric is inak amak ku semeton jari ku pada ndek narak ita gen kekel lek dunia… dakak ta sugi dakak ta bangsa mulia ndek narak guna mun ndek narak agama …..and many others. By this way. TGKH. M. Zainuddin Abdul Majid shows how to convey religious message within the frame work “ bi lisani qaumi”. Second : established an Islamic organization as a local organization which was founded in 1953. The NW establishment shows independence TGKH. M. Zainuddin Abdul Majid he gave an example that the sasak people should be able to stand on their own, able to manage their organization. Even though  we understand that the sasak ethnic has a small population and is far from of power.
PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI ASRAMA PUTRI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-AZIZIYAH KAPEK GUNUNGSARI LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Wildan
Published: March 2024

Pendidikan karakter memiliki esensi makna yang sama dengan pendidikan moral dan pendidikan akhlak  untuk membentuk kepribadian seseorang melalui pendidikan budi pekerti, yang hasilnya terlihat dalam tindakan nyata seseorang, yaitu tingkah laku yang baik, jujur, bertanggung jawab, menghormati hak orang lain, kerja keras dan sebagainya. Pendidikan karakter adalah segala sesuatu yang dilakukan guru yang mampu mempengaruhi karakter peserta didik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: a) Untuk mengetahui penerapan pendidikan karakter di Asrama Putri Pondok Pesantren Al-Aziziy ah Kapek Gunungsari; b) Untuk mengetahui permaslahan yang dihadapi dan solusinya dalam penerapan pendidikan karakter di Asrama Putri Pondok Pesantren Al-Aziziyah  Kapek Gunungsari; c) Untuk mengetahui apa saja faktor pendukung dalam penerapan pendidikan karakter di Asrama Putri Pondok Pesantren Al-Aziziyah Kapek Gunungsari. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif-deskripstif. Metode pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis datanya menggunakan tekinik analisis data yaitu pengeumpun data, perifikasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) Penerapan pendidikan karakter di Pondok Pesantren Al-Aziziyah Kapek Gunung Sari diterapkan melalui berbagai kegiatan yang memuat penanaman nilai-nilai karakter seperti: a) Penanaman nilai-nilai karakter melalui kegiatan belajar mengajar; b) Mengadakan bimbingan baca Al-Qur’an; c) Memberikan suri tauladan atau contoh perbuatan yang baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari; dan d )Peneguran terhadap santri yang melakukan kesalahan. 2) Nilai-nilai karakter yang diterapkan di pondok pesantren al-aziziyah kapek gunung sari dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 5 kategori, yaitu: Nilai karakter hubungannya dengan Tuhan (iman, taqwa dan ikhlas) dan Nilai karakter hubungannya dengan diri sendiri (jujur, bertanggung jawab, mandiri, kerja keras, disiplin, percaya diri, kreatif dan ingin tahu). 3) Permasalahan dalam penerapan pendidikan karakter dan solusinya di Pondok Pesantren Al-Aziziyah. Dalam implementasi pendidikan karakter di Pondok Pesantren Al-Aziziyah terdapat masalah yang menjadi penghambat dan mempengaruhi keberhasilan pelaksaan pendidikan karakter. Permasalahan tersebut dapat berasal dari dalam pondok pesantren maupun dari luar pondok pesantren yaitu pendidik yang belum memahami pondok pesantren, karakteristik santri yang berbeda-beda, orang tua/wali yang tidak mendukung dan orang tua/wali yang tidak meneruskan pendidikan ketika santri berada di rumah. Faktor pendukung dalam penerapan pendidikan karakter adalah kebijakan pengelola pondok pesantren, lingkungan pondok pesantren, sarana dan prasarana, dukungan dari ustadz/ustadzah dan dukungan dari pengurus (mudabbiroh).
PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN DALAM MEMBENTUK KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SANTRI (STUDI KASUS SANTRIWAN PONDOK PESANTREN MADRASATUL QUR’ANIYAH TATO DESA SANDIK KACAMATAN BATU LAYAR
Authors: Syarifudin
Published: March 2024

Fungsi pokok pesantren adalah mencetak ulama dan ahli agama. Kegiatan pembelajaran yang terjadi di pesantren tidaklah sekedar pemindahan ilmu pengetahuan dan keterampilan tertentu tetepi yang terpenting adalah penanaman dan pembentukan nilai-nilai tertentu kepada santri. penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualotatif desktiptif. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis datanya dengan metode: a) Deduktif, cara berpikir yang berangkat dari pengetahuan yang sifatnya umum dan bertitik pada pengetahuan umum untuk menilai suatu kejadian yang khusus; dan b) Induktuf, cara berpikir yang berangkat dari fakta-fakta khusus, peristiwa-peristiwa yang kongkret kemudian digeneralisasi yang mempunyai sifat umum. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Sistem pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Madrasatul Qur’aniyah meliputi manajemen, tujuan, kurikulum dan proses belajar mengajar.
L1's Role in ISLA: A Case Study on Principled L1 Use in Belgium's Beginner Classrooms
Authors: Leclercq Maximilian , Eloise Dubois Felicienne Elois , Moreau Sebastien
Published: March 2024

This research, grounded in the evolving pedagogical history of L2 instruction, explored the impact of the utilization of first language (L1) on second language (L2) proficiency in beginner foreign language classrooms in Belgium. Historically, the use of L1 in L2 learning environments has swung between opposition and acceptance. Using a quantitative research design, this study involved 40 students aged 12-14 from Belgium. Standardized L2 proficiency tests, paired with comprehensive questionnaires, were employed to gather data. Students' L2 proficiency was assessed at the beginning and end of an academic year that incorporated specific L1 utilization strategies. The results, analyzed using the paired t-test, shed light on the potential implications of strategic L1 integration in L2 instruction.
The Effects of Incidental Focus on Form on Learning Vocabulary, Grammar, and Pronunciation: A Study in the UAE
Authors: Al-Salem Abdullah , Al-Khalifa Fatima , Momani Naim
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the efficacy of an incidental Focus on Form (FonF) intervention in enhancing vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation among 60 English learners aged 17-19 in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Employing a mixed-methods approach, the researchers used pre- and post-tests measured by the Oxford Quick Placement Test and semi-structured interviews. Paired samples T-Test analyses revealed statistically and practically significant improvements in all language aspects: vocabulary (t=-4.408, p<.001, Cohen's d=-0.569), grammar (t=-4.790, p<.001, Cohen's d=-0.618), and pronunciation (t=-4.592, p<.001, Cohen's d=-0.593). Qualitative findings identified themes such as 'Positive Attitude towards Incidental FonF' and 'Improved Confidence in Using English.' The study suggests that incidental FonF is a versatile and effective approach for improving various English language skills, warranting its consideration in curriculum design and pedagogical practice.
English in Global Commerce - Understanding its Role, Benefits, and Impediments
Authors: Alneyadi Mahra , Aljanaahi Ameena , Alhammadi Elyazia , Almarzooqi Khadeeja , Alhammadi Khalid
Published: March 2024

In the modern global business landscape, English has risen as the primary universal language. Utilising English for international business interactions brings numerous benefits. It not only improves understanding and collaboration amongst teams of varied language backgrounds but also facilitates enterprises in enlarging their global connections and reaching a wider range of global markets. By unifying communications in English, the decision-making process becomes more coherent and streamlined, propelling the company's overall efficiency. Nevertheless, heavy dependence on English is not without its challenges. Subtle cultural differences in translation might lead to misunderstandings, possibly hampering collaboration. A strong leaning towards English could also sideline non-native speakers, unintentionally putting those less fluent in the language at a disadvantage.
Classroom Activities and English Grammar Learning among students
Authors: Al-Mansoori Ahmad , Al-Hassan Layla , Al-Rashid Tariq
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of integrating games into grammar instruction for young learners, as perceived by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in primary schools. A questionnaire was distributed to collect opinions from a sample of English language teachers (n=15). The results of the research showed that EFL teachers have varied perspectives on the use of games in grammar teaching, consistent with existing literature. The study suggests that while EFL teachers recognize the effectiveness of incorporating games for grammar instruction, they do not incorporate games into their classrooms as frequently as expected. Additionally, the study delved into the factors influencing teachers' decisions regarding game integration. Analysis indicated that time constraints, curriculum demands, and perceived challenges in managing classroom dynamics were significant considerations. Despite recognizing the potential benefits of gamified grammar instruction, teachers faced practical obstacles in implementation. The study recommends targeted professional development to address these challenges, emphasizing practical strategies for seamlessly incorporating games into the curriculum. By bridging the gap between theoretical acknowledgment and practical application, educators can enhance the integration of games, fostering a more engaging and effective grammar learning environment for young EFL learners in primary schools. Further research could explore specific training interventions and their impact on teachers' game integration practices.
Antonio Tamburini and the Baritone Role
Authors: Reshetnikova Svetlana Vladimirovna , Zhang Yixiang
Published: March 2024

The study of opera art at the turn of the 18th–19th centuries is currently a topical research. At the beginning of the 19th century, many cardinal changes took place in the field of vocal performance: new types of singing voices and dramatic roles were formed, the manner of ornamentation of parts underwent changes. Many works of domestic and foreign musicologists are mainly devoted to the study of the operatic performance of tenors, basses, contraltos and sopranos. Occasionally, they mention the baritones of the Verdi period, and the period of the birth of the baritone role, unfortunately, remains unexplored. The subject of this study is the operatic and vocal work of the Italian baritone Antonio Tamburini. The object of the study is the baritone roles created for the singer. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of modern domestic and foreign musicologists devoted to the art of vocal masters of the early 19th century, reviews of Tamburini's contemporary music critics and his creative biography. The novelty of the study lies in the identification of causal relationships between the performance of the singer and the evolutionary processes that occurred in the opera art of the early 19th century. The main conclusion of the study is to identify the role of Tamburini in the formation of the role of the baritone.
Novalis:The Blue Flover of Romanticism
Authors: Bychkov Victor
Published: March 2024

The essay is devoted to the reconstruction of the philosophy of art of Novalis, one of the prominent German Romantics, who presents it in his writings in a fragmentary way. Research of this type appears in scholarly literature for the first time; it utilizes a complex philosophical-aesthetic method of analysis of texts of the German thinker. Novalis appreciates art as one of the highest achievements of humanity, which elevates the human being from ordinary life to spiritual heights. Art is a free expression of the artists' Ego. Art is simultaneously a “self-contemplating and a self-creating nature.” The creative principles of nature are transformed within the spiritual world of the artist and express themselves in art. The secrets of nature are revealed to the artist. The artists sees something great in the least significant things. The beautiful is the object of art and this creates kinship between all types of art. Artists (including painters) do not imitate the external world but they create by means of their internal world. All types of art gravitate towards mutual harmony and foreshadow a synthesis of the arts of sorts. Novalis positions poetry above all other arts. This is because according to him poetry establishes heavenly wisdom on earth, elevates the human being over everyday life, and serves as the foundation for all other arts. Philosophy is internally linked to poetry and serves as its theory. The philosopher must be a poet. The poet lives a special, contemplative life and is a wise and prophetic person. Novalis imagines the future Romantic age as fabulous, magical, poetic, ironic, alogical. “Intelligent chaos” will play a specific role in it. All earthly will be elevated to the heavenly. Novalis considers the novel as one of the principal forms of Romatic poetry and presents its chief characteristics.
The Library as a rhizomorphic paradoxical labyrinth (based on the works of J.L. Borges and U. Eco)
Authors: Markova Elizaveta Vladimirovna
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the identification of the genesis, typology and characterization of the philosophical concept of chaos, discreteness, paradoxicity and rhizomorphism of being and their reflection in philosophy and postmodern fiction based on the works of J.L. Borges and U. Eco is about libraries embodied by foreign authors as rhizomorphic paradoxical labyrinths. The concept of rhizome is considered in the context of temporal chaos. In accordance with the basic principles of historical science, the issues of rhizomorphism of the labyrinth library in the context of time are revealed. The research methodology includes general scientific and special comparative methods. The comparative historical and descriptive approaches of the above sources are used. Examples of works by J.L. Borges and U. Eco in the concept of their description of the library as a rhizomorphic paradoxical labyrinth. The relevance of the article lies in the appeal to the analysis of the image of the library as a concept that initially symbolizes the storage of books, knowledge, embodying stability, logical orderliness, consistency. In the culture and art of postmodernism, this symbolism has been radically transformed, which is convincingly proved by the analysis of texts by J.L. Borges and U. Eco.
Capped Robust Optimal Control Method to Improve Tram Operation Reliability Considering Random Number of Passengers at Station Serving Multiple Lines
Authors: Leng Rongmeng , Liang Shidong
Published: March 2024

Tram signal priority control is a crucial approach for enhancing the reliability of tram operations and has been implemented in various cities. Nevertheless, unpredictable tram operations influenced by tram dwell time during station stops can cause signal priority control failure at intersections. It is challenging to precisely predict tram dwell time at stations that offer multiple lines. To address this issue, the proposed research presents a capped robust optimal control (CRC) technique for tram signal priority. This method entails considering the stochastic number of passengers boarding and alighting at stations with multiple lines. Furthermore, tram delay calculation models at intersections are established and integrated into an objective function. The main objective of this strategy is to enhance tram operation reliability and maximise tram operation efficiency while reducing the adverse impact of tram priority on other vehicles at the intersection. A case study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the CRC method. The results indicate that the CRC technique significantly improves tram operation reliability and efficiency.
Railway Line Capacity Relative to Additional Block Division
Authors: Folęga Piotr , Irlik Maciej , Kochan Andrzej , Wojnar Grzegorz
Published: March 2024

The article discusses the results of studies of railway line capacity relative to the application of additional block division using virtual blocks in the process of positioning a train reporting its position and train set integrity. The studies were conducted using the authors’ original simulation software enabling extensive parameterisation of infrastructure, including configuration of the train control system and signalling principles, by taking the actual characteristics of train movements into account based on data obtained from real-life measurements.
Siiddat ja siiddaolbmot Suoma sierralágain ja sierralágaid ovdabargguin
Authors: Labba Oula-Antti
Published: March 2024

Dán artihkkalis dutkkan siiddaid ja siiddaolbmuid sajádaga Suoma iehčanasvuođa áigge (1917–) sierralágain ja sierralágaid ovdabargguin. Mu dutkan gažaldat lea makkár lea leamašan siiddaid, siiddaolbmuid ja sámiide mihtilmas ealáhusaid vuoigatvuođalaš sajádat dán áigodagas ja got dat oidno láhkaásaheamis ja láhkaásahanbarggus gitta otná beaivvi rádjai. Suoma iehčanasvuođa álgoáigge siiddaolbmuid riektesajádat namuhuvvui dávjá sierralágaid ovdabargguin, muhto ii dovddastuvvon ieš lágain. Sihke Sámi Parlameanta ja ovttaskas sámit geahččale maid 1970-logu loahpa bealde gitta 1990-logu álgui oažžut siiddaid sajádaga dovddastuvvot sierralágain. Dán áigodagas siiddat vuohon ihtigohte lágaid ovdabargguide, muhto eai ieš lágaide.
Muitalusaid mearkkašupmi otná servodagas: Sámi lágaid ozus narratiiva láhkametoda bokte
Authors: Kuokkanen Rauna
Published: March 2024

Artihkal guorahallá sámi lága ja láhkaprinsihpaid narratiiva láhkametoda vehkiin Gufihttara lonuhus -muitalusa vuođul. Narratiiva láhkametoda leaba hábmen eamiálbmotlága dutkit Val Napoleon ja Hadley Friedland, ja dat lea geavahuvvon viidát Kanadas maŋimuš nuppelogi jagi. Artihkkala ulbmil lea ovddidit eamiálbmotláhkadutkamuša Sámis ja sámi lágaid guorahallama servodaga ja árbbi siskkobealde, ovdanbuktit sámedutkamuššii metoda, man eará eamiálbmotlágaid dutkit leat geavahan buriin ja mávssolaš bohtosiin, ja kártet Gufihttara lonuhus -muitalusa lágaid ja láhkaprinsihpaid. Artihkkala loahpas suokkardan mo gávdnon láhkaprinsihpaid sáhttá geavahit otná servodathástalusaid čoavdimis dego mánáidsuodjalusas, ja makkár áššiid váldit vuhtii, jos sámedutkamušas háliidit joatkit narratiiva láhkametoda geavaheami gávdnan dihtii sámiid iežaset lágaid ja láhkaprinsihpaid. Sámis gávdnojit dutkamušat sámi dáhpelágas, sámiid vieruid ja njuolggadusaid rollas nationála lágain ja láhkaásaheamis ja das mo gearretmearrádusat leat váldán vuhtii sámi dáhpelága, muhto narratiiva láhkametoda ii leat ovdal geavahuvvon sámi muitalusaid analyseremis ja sámi lágaid gávdnamis.
Láidehus
Authors: Kuokkanen Rauna
Published: March 2024

Láidehus Sámi dieđalaš áigečállaga 2024:1 nummirii
HFMEA-fuzzy model: an evaluation of the main risk factors occurring in 47 emergency care units (ECU)
Authors: Cosenza Harvey José Santos Ribeiro , Silva Nilra do Amaral Mendes , Zeferino Ana Carolina Sanches , Dos Santos Teresa de Lourdes da Rosa , Da Silva Maria Helena Teixeira , Viera Luis Enrique Valdiviezo , Teixeira Marcos Alexandre , Calado Robisom Damasceno
Published: March 2024

Este estudo propõe um modelo para avaliar os fatores de risco em 47 Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) utilizando o método para gestão de risco HFMEA (Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) com apoio da lógica Fuzzy. O HFMEA oferece uma abordagem sistemática para identificar falhas nos processos de saúde, enquanto a lógica Fuzzy lida com incerteza dos dados. O modelo revelou que duas unidades estão sujeitas a causas raiz não resolvidas, como insatisfação da gestão e deficiências na estrutura física. A pesquisa também mapeou características de cada tipo de desperdício, fornecendo observações importantes para futuras investigações.
Influence of Chicken Manuer Compost on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Field Production in the South Cameroon Region
Authors: Alain Heu , Abdou Kone Nsangou Nourou , Bertrand Mboussi Serge , Patrice Ngatsi Zemko , Patrice Ngoh Dooh Jules , Zachée Ambang
Published: March 2024

The objective of the present field work in southern Cameroon was to test the effect of chicken dung compost on growth parameters and yield of cowpea. Two cowpea varieties (Lori and Komcalle) and four treatments (T= control; C= compost; CF= chemical fertilizer; CCF= mixture of compost and chemical fertilizer) were used in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Seed emergence rate, height, number of leaves, leaf area, crown diameter, number of nodules per plant and grain yield were evaluated. The results show that the Komcalle variety recorded an emergence rate of 94.85% and the Lori variety a washout rate of 91%. At 60 DAS, the chicken droppings compost shows the optimum values on height of (60.6±11.73 and 63.93±9.39 cm), number of nodules (73.63±1.60 and 72.7±1.62 nodules) and number of leaves (76.13±23and 60.41±18 leaves) for Lori and Komcalle variety respectively. The best seed yields were provided by chicken droppings compost (230±3.7 and 243±2 kg/ha) for Lori and Komcalle varieties respectively, compared to synthetic chemical fertilizer which recorded values of 217±4.7 and 214±2 kg/ha for Lori and Komcalle respectively. Based on the results, it appears that chicken dung compost is beneficial for cowpea cultivation due to improved growth and yield in the Southern Cameroon region.
The Influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance Mediated by Work Motivation in the Multinational Company Pt. German Eta in Indonesia
Authors: Diyanah Ismatud , Suharto  , Rokhman M. Taufiq Noor
Published: March 2024

PT. ETA is a foreign industry in Indonesia that must always innovate continuously to improve the performance of its employees. Employee performance does not only include individual productivity but also their contribution to achieving the organization's strategic goals. This research aims to find out how leadership style and organizational culture influence employee performance through the mediation of work motivation. The sample taken using a saturated sampling technique consisted of 35 respondents from the total team management of 11 departments in the company PT. ETA. Data analysis used in research uses Path Analysis. The results of data analysis show that leadership style has a significant effect on performance, while organizational culture has no effect on performance. Meanwhile, leadership style and organizational culture influence work motivation. There is no visible impact from investigating mediating variables on the relationship between work motivation and organizational culture as well as leadership style and performance
Immersive Learning Environments in Education: Application, Effect and Challenges
Authors: Meher Venkateswar , Meher Ms Sasmita
Published: March 2024

The objectives of the present study are to search and critically analyse the immersive learning environments; and deriving the applications and effects of immersive learning environment in education with suitable examples by supporting empirical evidences. Based on the objectives and limitations of the present study, important research questions for critical analysis are formulated. The “Substitution Augmentation Modification Redefinition Model” (SAMR) of Dr Ruben Puentedura was used as the theoretical framework. The study is review-based and analytical in nature, where related literatures regarding the uses, effects and challenges of immersive learning environments in education in present and futuristic perspectives. Both inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed. From the intensive literature review regarding the immersive learning environments widely used in educational setting, the four important aspects were found, viz. immersive learning, virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality. The results revealed that ILEs have wide educational effects like providing learning autonomy, increasing attention, providing permanent learning, self-regulated learning, active participation, increasing comprehension of lesson, providing in-depth learning etc. in terms of cognitive effects. ILEs have some affective effects of students like satisfaction, fun, curiosity, enjoyable, interesting, exciting, motivating etc. After the critical analysis of the immersive learning environment systems used in education, game-based learning, project-based learning, experiential learning, collaborative learning etc. were found to be most frequently used. So far as its implementation part is concerned, some sorts of challenges have been noticed in research studies i.e., difficulty in understanding, technical problems, insufficient instruction, limited time, and health problems. Suggestions for further research were provided.
Analysing the Nexus between the Financial Sector and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Comparative Investigation using, BVAR, Linear Regression (OLS), and PPML Models
Authors: Nwuju Kingdom , Lekara-Bayo Ifeoma Better , Nwanneako Sabinus Nnamdi , Da-Wariboko Yvonne Asikiye
Published: March 2024

Aims: This study aims to analyze the complex relationship between the financial sector and economic growth in Nigeria. The study aims to provide comprehensive insights into this nexus by employing a comparative investigation using three distinct models: Linear Regression, Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML), and Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR).

Methodology: The study then applied three different models, with a specific focus on the BVAR(2) model, supported by various diagnostic tests and stability assessments. The inclusion of Linear regression analysis and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Estimator (PPML) enhances the depth of the study, providing nuanced insights into the impact of specific financial sector variables on economic growth.

Results: The BVAR (2) model emerges as the optimal choice, demonstrating its reliability in capturing dynamic interactions and offering a powerful tool for policymakers. Specific results, such as the significant negative impact of D(CPS) in the regression analysis and the high R-squared in PPML, provide actionable insights into areas requiring policy interventions and underscore the substantial contribution of the financial sector to economic growth.

Conclusion: The comparative assessment of model performances, favoring the BVAR model, guides future research and policy considerations, providing a reliable framework for further investigations. The study's insights are positioned as valuable for policymakers seeking to enhance economic growth through strategic interventions in the financial sector. Overall, the abstract succinctly encapsulates the aims, methodology, results, and concluding implications of the study on the nexus between the financial sector and economic growth in Nigeria.
Standardization of Gandhaga Thailam: A Traditional Siddha Formulation for Skin Disorders
Authors: Adithya R. Sathish , Manikgantan E. M. , Kabilan N. , Kanimozhi S.
Published: March 2024

Standardization is a part of Drug development process. Identifying the quality of a Siddha formulation is essential before it taken up for In vivo, In vitro studies and Clinical trials. Gandhaga thailam a Mineral based Siddha medicine to treat various ailments like Eczema, Ulcer, Peptic ulcer diseases etc. Test samples were extracted with acetone and briefly homogenized. Further filtration followed by addition of acetone to the test mixture. The test samples were heated using a rotary evaporator at a temperature not exceeding 40°C until almost complete evaporation of the solvent. HPTLC analysis reveals the presence of thirteen prominent peaks corresponds to the presence of thirteen versatile phytocomponents present within it. Rf value of the peaks ranges from 0.02 to 0.80. Study indicates that the Gandhaga Thailam is in standard quality, hence the preparation and purification processes of ingredients were done as per the literature.  With these results Gandhaga thailam may be subjected to invitro and invivo toxicity studies in future. Results reveal the quality of the Medicine Gandhaga Thailam and may be the fingerprint for the future analysis on Gandhaga Thailam.
Effect of Nitrogen Management Strategies on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Uptake by Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Kumar Pankaj , Singh Avdhesh Pratap , Kumar Atin , Kumar Sunil
Published: March 2024

There is little knowledge among farmers on the rate of nitrogen-fertilizer application. Therefore, there is a need to determine optimal rate of nitrogen-fertilizer application on growth and yield of wheat. Accordingly, an field experiment was conducted during the winter (Rabi) season at Crop Research Centre the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, to study the impact of different nitrogen level and splitting modules on quality, yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The main object of investigation was to find out the optimum dose and splitting of nitrogen for wheat in irrigated system under integrated nitrogen management approach. The experiment consisting of four nitrogen levels viz. control i.e. 0 kg N ha-1 , 90 kg N ha-1, i.e 120 kg N ha-1  and 150 kg N ha-1 as main plots and four splitting modules M1- 50% N as basal through VC, + 25% at CRI + 25% booting stage through urea, M2-50 % N as basal through FYM + 25% at tillering + 25% at booting stage through urea, M3 -50% N as basal through VC+FYM (1:1), + 25% at tillering + 20% at booting stage and 5 % N as foliar spray at pre flowering stage through urea, M4 -50% N as basal through VC+FYM (1:1), rest based on SPAD  reading through urea as sub-plots. The experimental results revealed that the plot which fertilized with 150 kg N ha-1 gave higher yield-attributing characters and yield (grain, straw and biological yield). The application of 150 kg N ha-1 resulted in 0.44, 15.25 and 80.8 per cent during 2016-17 and 0.41, 13.05 and 79.2 per cent during 2017-18 produced the higher grain yield over 120, 90 and 0 kg N ha-1. The content and uptake of nitrogen by grain, straw and total uptake as well as protein content and protein yield were obtained with 150 Kg N ha-1  but differences between 120 and 150 kg N ha-1 were non-significant, during both the year 2016-17 and 2017-18. Among different splitting modules M3 resulted significantly higher entire yield attributes, yield (grain and straw yield), nitrogen content and uptake by grain, straw and total uptake as well as content and yield of protein. The M3 module produced higher grain yield by 7.9, 14.7 and 24.8 per cent during 2016-17 and 8.1, 14.89 and 25.2 per cent during 2017-18 over M4, M1 and M2 splitting modules, respectively.
Short Term Effect of Vermicompost on Soil Chemical Properties under Maize (Zea mays L.) Field in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Mebrahtom Solomon
Published: March 2024

Aim: The application of vermicompost (VC) to improve soil chemical properties in area that have low soil fertility status is crucial. Thus, the present study was initiated to determine impact of vermicompost on selected soil physicochemical properties.
Study Design: The experiment had 7 treatments arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications.
Place and Duration of the Study:  Hence, a field experiment was carried out in 2018 main cropping season at farmer's field at Adiha village in Kolla Tembien district, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Methodology: The treatments were 5 levels of VC (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 t ha-1), the recommended rate of N and P (46 N and 46 P2O5 kg ha-1), compost at rate of 10 t ha-1 and control. Surface soil samples were collected before planting and after maize harvesting at a depth of 0-30 cm to analyze selected soil chemical properties such as pH, extractable electric conductivity (ECe), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total nitrogen (TN), available P and exchangeable bases (K, Mg, Ca, and Na). Likewise, vermicompost and compost nutrient contents were also analyzed to know their nutrient composition.
Results: Soil analysis results before sowing revealed that most of the soil chemical properties were rated as low. However, vermicompost application significantly (P≤0.05) improved the soil chemical properties. The studied soil chemical properties such as OC (1.33%), TN (0.13%), CEC (17.2 Cmol (+) kg-1), and available P (6 .38 mg kg-1) showed an improvement at VC 10 t ha-1rate as compared to the control which was respectively 0.65%, 0.04%, 7.4 Cmol(+)kg-1 and 2.45 mg kg-1.  
Conclusion: A significant (P≤0.05) increase in OC, TN and available P was observed with increased vermicompost rate under cultivated land.
Evaluating the Impact of Elevated Temperature on Melia dubia: Insights into Climate Change Resilience and Adaptation
Authors: Sugumaran. M.P  , Porkodi. G  , Kalaichelvi. K  , Atchaya. S  , Thangeswari. S.
Published: March 2024

The consequences of climate change extended beyond temperature shifts, encompassing more extreme weather events, increased carbon di oxide enabling some plants to tolerate environmental stresses, and shifts in precipitation patterns,. Climate change manifests through alterations in the mean and variability of various properties, persisting for extended periods, often decades or longer, either due to natural variability or human-induced factors. The increase in green house gas emissions results from fossil fuel energy production, industrial activities, transportation, agriculture, construction, deforestation, and land-use changes. Plant height plays a pivotal role in the growth and development of plant species. Elevated temperature levels have been observed to enhance plant productivity, with variying impacts based on the growth stage and species response to the environment, independent of climate changes. Melia dubia is an economically important tree species grown throughout the world and the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics to variying air temperature is discussed in this paper
Comprehensive Analysis of Rainfall Variability in Urban Maiduguri, Nigeria: Implications for Climate Resilience and Sustainable Development
Authors: Abatcha Ibrahim , Mustapha Abdulahi , Barkindo Abdulsalam
Published: March 2024

Climate variability, including its effects on precipitation and atmospheric conditions, is a critical aspect of Earth’s dynamic climate system. The increasing frequency of extreme weather events worldwide necessitates a thorough understanding of climatic changes. To address the scarcity of localized climatic studies, this research focuses on Maiduguri, the capital of Borno State in northeastern Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the rainfall variability of urban Maiduguri, with the objectives of investigating rainfall patterns, examining trends, and evaluating variability. The study utilized 31 years of rainfall data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, spanning from 1992 to 2023. The data was statistically analyzed using the Coefficient of Variation, Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), Sen slope, and the Mann-Kendall trend test. The findings indicate that the minimum annual rainfall in Maiduguri is 292.7 mm, the maximum is 838.2 mm, and the mean annual rainfall is 519.34 mm. These values provide essential insights into the range and central tendency of Maiduguri’s annual rainfall, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the region’s climatic conditions. Moreover, August stands out as the month with the highest mean value of 196.66 mm, indicating the peak of the rainy season. The Total Annual Rainfall Trend in Maiduguri shows a significant positive Sen’s Slope value obtained from the Mann-Kendall test (z-statistic = 2.773, p-value = 0.005), suggesting an increasing trend in monthly rainfall. The calculated Sen’s Slope of 172.000 highlights the peak rainfall during the core months of the rainy season. This indicates a moderate level of rainfall variability (CV = 28.3%), accompanied by notable fluctuations in the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) during critical months. The Mann-Kendall trend test suggests potential shifts in precipitation patterns. This research serves as a foundation for informed decision-making by local authorities, urban planners, and environmental stakeholders.
Genetic Variability Studies of Vegetable Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) for Productivity Traits
Authors: Sumanth, B. T.  , Hongal Shivanand V. , Lakshmidevamma, T. N.  , Koti Shivanand , Hanchinamani Chandrashekar Ningappa , Sadananda, G. K.
Published: March 2024

Aims: In the present investigation 60 different genotypes of vegetable amaranth were analysed for genetic variability in productivity traits and noticeable range of variability were reported in herbage yield and quality.

Study Design: The layout of experimental plot was prepared according to augmented block design II (Federer, 1956).

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Bengaluru, UHS, Bagalkot, Karnataka during summer i.e., from January 2020 to March, 2022.

Methodology: The experiment consisted of 60 vegetable amaranth genotypes that were collected from KRCCH, Arabhavi, NBPGR New-Delhi, TNAU, Coimbtore and some local collections, the whole plot was divided into 4 blocks, wherein, each block contained 19 beds of 1m × 1m dimension, each representing different genotypes including four check varieties. The genotypes were sown in line at the spacing of 20 cm, accommodating 10 plants per line and hence each bed accommodated 50 plants. All growth and yield parameters were recorded in five randomly selected and tagged plants of each genotype and mean was worked out for further statistical analysis. Variability parameters were worked out as per method given by Burton and Devane [1], heritability in broad sense and genetic advance as percent of mean was calculated according to the formula given Johnson et al. [2].

Results: The phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation was maximum for number of leaves, stem weight (g), Stem to leaf ratio, herbage yield per plant (g), herbage yield per plot (kg), leaf area per plant (cm2) and leaf size (cm2) minimum in case of plant height and stem thickness as shown in table. High heritability was observed for all the traits, except plant height and stem thickness maximum was recorded for Herbage yield per hectare (99.45 %) and minimum was observed for stem thickness (1.07%). High heritability (h2 = 99.45%) with high genetic advance (GA=92.47%) as percentage of mean was observed for herbage yield per hectare which indicated that additive gene effects were more important for that trait. High genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for herbage yield per plant (g) however, lowest for stem thickness (0.27)

Conclusion: Results indicates the preponderance of additive genes and selection will be effective for improvement of these traits having high heritability with genetic advance as percent of mean.
Thyristor-based Rechargeable Battery Charger
Authors: Sheikh Protik Parvez , Riyad Tarifuzzaman , Tushar Bezon Dey , Alam Sadman Shahriar , Shufian Abu , Ruddra Istiaq Mahmood
Published: March 2024

In this project, our main objective is to design an automatic battery charger using Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR) and simulate their operation. Batteries play a crucial role in safely storing electricity by converting electrical energy into chemical energy. The primary focus of our project is on thyristor-based rechargeable battery chargers, known for their high quality and competitive pricing. We delve into the design and simulation of automatic battery chargers employing SCR technology. This article encompasses the simulation, implementation, and partial construction of such a charger. The electronic circuit will be tailored to meet specific charging process requirements.
Evaluation of Non-response to Hepatitis B Vaccines in Individuals Over 15 Years in the Centre Region of Cameroon: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Essindi Justin Olivier , Bikoï Jacky Njiki , Sake Carole Stéphanie , Mbaga Donatien Serge , Elang Arnaud Franck , Mikangue Chris André Mbongue , Ngoutane Aicha , Membangbi Alexandra Emmanuelle , Touangnou-Chamda Sabine Aimée , Essama Sara Honorine Riwom
Published: March 2024

Background: To investigate the risks factors associated to the non-response of hepatitis B (HB) immunization in participants over the age of 15 years.

Methods: From October 2020 to December 2021, data were collected from individuals aged over 15 years who receive at least one dose of vaccine. An algorithm consisted of three (03) tests researching anti-HBs whose detectability threshold was 10 IU/L and anti-HBc.

Results: A total of 330 participants were included in this study, among which 158 received three doses of vaccine, of these 83.59% and 6,6% were found positive respectively to anti HBs and anti-HBc. We noted that, age [30 – 40] years [OR= 2.41; CI at 95% (1.24 – 4.80)]; single status [OR=10.80; CI at 95% (1.78 – 114.8)], obesity [OR=2.99; CI at 95% (1.13 – 7.27)], alcohol [OR=10.80; CI at 95% (1.78 – 114.8)]; HEPATITIS vaccine [OR=3.40; CI at 95% (1.24 – 9.10)] were associated with non-response to hepatitis B vaccines.

Conclusion: Non-response to hepatitis B vaccination has been influenced by several risk factors that should be considered during the vaccination process.
Cellular oxygen sensing: Crystal structure of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (PHD2)
Authors: McDonough Michael A. , Li Vivian , Flashman Emily , Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , Mohr Christopher , Liénard Benoît M. R. , Zondlo James , Oldham Neil J. , Clifton Ian J. , Lewis Jeffrey , McNeill Luke A. , Kurzeja Robert J. M. , Hewitson Kirsty S. , Yang Evelyn , Jordan Steven , Syed Rashid S. , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: June 2006

Cellular and physiological responses to changes in dioxygen levels in metazoans are mediated via the posttranslational oxidation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF). Hydroxylation of conserved prolyl residues in the HIF-α subunit, catalyzed by HIF prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs), signals for its proteasomal degradation. The requirement of the PHDs for dioxygen links changes in dioxygen levels with the transcriptional regulation of the gene array that enables the cellular response to chronic hypoxia; the PHDs thus act as an oxygen-sensing component of the HIF system, and their inhibition mimics the hypoxic response. We describe crystal structures of the catalytic domain of human PHD2, an important prolyl-4-hydroxylase in the human hypoxic response in normal cells, in complex with Fe(II) and an inhibitor to 1.7 Å resolution. PHD2 crystallizes as a homotrimer and contains a double-stranded β-helix core fold common to the Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependant dioxygenase family, the residues of which are well conserved in the three human PHD enzymes (PHD 1–3). The structure provides insights into the hypoxic response, helps to rationalize a clinically observed mutation leading to familial erythrocytosis, and will aid in the design of PHD selective inhibitors for the treatment of anemia and ischemic disease.
Gene expression patterns define novel roles for E47 in cell cycle progression, cytokine-mediated signaling, and T lineage development
Authors: Schwartz Ruth , Engel Isaac , Fallahi-Sichani Mohammad , Petrie Howard T. , Murre Cornelis
Published: June 2006

In maturing T lineage cells, the helix–loop–helix protein E47 has been shown to enforce a critical proliferation and developmental checkpoint commonly referred to as β selection. To examine how E47 regulates cellular expansion and developmental progression, we have used an E2A-deficient lymphoma cell line and DNA microarray analysis to identify immediate E47 target genes. Hierarchical cluster analysis of gene expression patterns revealed that E47 coordinately regulates the expression of genes involved in cell survival, cell cycle progression, lipid metabolism, stress response, and lymphoid maturation. These include Plcγ2, Cdk6, CD25, Tox, Gadd45a, Gadd45b, Gfi1, Gfi1b, Socs1, Socs3, Id2, Eto2, and Xbp1. We propose a regulatory network linking Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-mediated signaling, E47, and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in a common pathway. Finally, we suggest that the aberrant activation of Cdk6 in E47-deficient T lineage cells contributes to the development of lymphoid malignancy.
Building chromosome-wide LD maps
Authors: Abad-Grau María M. , Montes Rosana , Sebastiani Paola
Published: June 2006

Summary: BMapBuilder builds maps of pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) in either two or three dimensions. The optimized resolution allows for graphical display of LD for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a whole chromosome.

Availability: The program is coded in Java, which runs on all relevant operating systems, including Windows, Mac and Unix/Linux, and is available from

Contact:  sebas@bu.edu

Supplementary information: Maps displaying chomosome-wide LD are available at