bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased oxidative stress in rats with intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Park Yongsoon
Published: June 2021

The present study was to investigate the hypothesis that EPA and DHA increased the oxidative stress and hemorrhage volume in rats with intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) stroke. Thirty five weeks old male rats were fed an AIN‐93M diet containing 0% (n=27), 0.5% (n=15), or 1% EPA+DHA of total calorie for five weeks. Five out of twelve rats fed 1% EPA+DHA (41%) died due to an excessive bleeding within 12 hours after ICH surgery. Behavior test score and hemorrhage volume were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the 1% EPA+DHA fed rats than other rats. MRI consistently showed that edema and bleeding were visible in only 1% EPA+DHA fed rats. Levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in 0.5% and 1% EPA+DHA than 0% EPA+DHA fed rats, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 1% EPA+DHA than 0% and 0.5% EPA+DHA fed rats. Level of 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ICH rats with all diets than sham surgery rats. Brain levels of EPA and DHA were highest in rats fed 1% EPA+DHA than 0% and 0.5% EPA+DHA fed rats. These results suggested that intake of 1% EPA+DHA of total calorie could lead to oxidative damage to brain and thus increased the risk of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in this rat model. This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (KRF‐2008‐313‐C00279).
High Fat Diet Primes the Rat to Glucose Intolerance After Low Dose Streptozotocin
Authors: Farah Vera , Lopes Hendrika , Dias Gisele , de Sousa Elizandra , Fiorino Patricia , Fonteles Manasses
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to develop an animal model of diabetes. Male Wistar rats (240–280g) were divided into four groups and treated during 3 weeks: animals fed commercially available normal pellet diet (CG; n=5); animals fed in‐house prepared high‐fat diet (HFD, n=6) (30% rich fat diet); animals injected with low‐dose streptozotocin (STZ; 35mg/Kg, n=5), and animals fed with high‐fat diet and injected with low‐dose STZ (HFS, n=5). At the end of 3 weeks, the body weight was significantly lower in STZ as compared with CG and HFD. Water intake and food consumption were similar among the different groups as well as the urinary excretion. Fasting blood glucose was increased in HFS (188+/−6.4 mg/dL). Glucose tolerance test was performed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was estimated. There was a significant increase in the AUC in HFS (377+/−76 mg/dL/min), suggesting a glucose intolerance in this model. The animals were also submitted to insulin tolerance test (ITT). The rate constant of glucose disappearance (KITT) during ITT was lower in HFD (1.33+/−0.11%/min), indicating insulin resistance in this group. In conclusion, our data suggest that high‐fat diet is effective on promoting insulin resistance in these animals. Meanwhile, the combination of high‐fat diet and low dose STZ determined fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Both these groups are alternative models to study long‐term experimental diabetes.
Identification of candidate genes responsible for the assembly of apolipoprotein‐B containing lipoproteins in an avian system using estrogen induction
Authors: Trojacek Erica Renee , Zhou Huaijun , Li Xianyao , Wang Ying , Walzem Rosemary L.
Published: June 2021

In egg‐laying species estrogen strongly stimulates gene programs that regulate the formation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs). Apolipoprotein‐B is an integral part of VLDL. As the full complement of genes involved in VLDL assembly is not known, the objective of this study was to identify these genes. Chickens were injected with 20mg diethylstilbestrol (DES)/kg BW and livers rapidly harvested 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24h after dosing. Liver harvest on anesthetized birds was done at a constant clock hour. RNA from livers (n=4/time point) was used for global gene profiling using the Agilent 44K chicken array. BLAST and DAVID were used to identify and functionally group differentially expressed genes. A total of 1528, 1931, 2398, 2356, and 1713 genes at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24h after dosing were differentially expressed relative to the 0h controls (p<.05). Of these genes, some 30% were unannotated with regards to function limiting conclusions. As expected the apoVLDL‐II gene was upregulated 142 fold as early as 1.5h and reached 177 fold at 6h. The ApoB gene was upregulated 4 fold at 6h and 5 fold at 12hr. Other candidate genes such as SCAP and SREBP showed no changes in gene expression. In general, genes involved in protein folding, RNA synthesis, and cell stress were upregulated early in the time course while lipid associated genes were significantly regulated later in the time course. Supported by Texas AgriLife Research #87380
The increase in Akt phosphorylation following feeding is independent of age in growing and mature Thoroughbred mares
Authors: Wagner Ashley L. , Gould Jessica C. , Ennis Rosalyn B. , Urschel Kristine L.
Published: June 2021

The activation of the initiation factors for protein synthesis in skeletal muscle has been shown to increase following consumption of a protein‐containing meal due to increases in both insulin (INS) and amino acid (AA) concentrations. In neonates, INS sensitivity has been shown to decrease with age, reducing the downstream signalling of Akt and resulting in lower skeletal muscle protein synthesis. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an 18h period of feed witholding, both with (postprandial; PP) and without (post‐absorptive; PA) the re‐feeding of a high protein meal, on the activation of Akt in gluteal muscle of yearling, 2y old, and mature Thoroughbred mares (N=18). Blood samples were taken throughout the experimental period to measure plasma AA via HPLC. A gluteal muscle biopsy was taken after the last blood sample (t = 90 min) to measure the phosphorylation (P) of Akt at Ser473 and Thr308 using Western blotting techniques. For all horses, indispensible AA were ~ 25‐ 110% higher in the PP versus the PA period (P< 0.0001). There was a significant increase in Akt P‐Ser473 (P< 0.0001) and a trend for higher AktP‐Thr308 (P= 0.09) in the PP relative to PA state. Age did affect on the Akt phosphorylation (P > 0.05). Consumption of a high protein meal, following feed withholding, appeared to activate Akt in adolescent and mature horses. Additional research is necessary to determine whether the increase in Akt phosphorylation corresponded to an increase in the phosphorylation of downstream translation initiation factors. Funded by the Department of Animal and Food Sciences.
NSAID‐activated gene‐1 as a molecular target for capsaicin‐induced apoptosis through a novel molecular mechanism involving GSK3beta, C/EBPbeta, and ATF3
Authors: Lee Seong‐Ho , Krisanapun Chutwadee , Baek Seung Joon
Published: June 2021

NSAID‐activated gene‐1 (NAG‐1) is a cytokine associated with pro‐apoptotic and anti‐tumorigenic property in colon and lung cancer. Capsaicin, a natural product of the Capsicum species of red peppers, is known to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells. This study was performed to determine molecular mechanism by which capsaicin activates transactivation of NAG‐1 gene in human colorectal cancer cells. Capsaicin increases apoptosis, and up‐regulates NAG‐1 gene expression at the transcriptional level through C/EBPbeta‐mediated pathway. We identified C/EBPbeta binding sites in the NAG‐1 promoter responsible for capsaicin‐induced NAG‐1 transactivation and EMSA and ChIP assay confirmed binding of C/EBPbeta to the NAG‐1 promoter. Capsaicin treatment increased C/EBPbeta phosphorylation, and enhanced binding of C/EBPbeta with GSK3beta, and ATF3. Knockdown of C/EBPbeta, GSK3beta or ATF3 ameliorates NAG‐1 expression induced by capsaicin treatment. These data indicate that C/EBPbeta phosphorylation through binding to GSK3beta may mediate capsaicin‐induced expression of NAG‐1 and apoptosis through cooperation with ATF3 in human colorectal cancer cells.

Grant Funding Source: NIH, American Cancer Society
Inhibitory effects of resveratrol and pterostilbene on human colon cancer cells: a side‐by side comparison
Authors: Nutakul Wasamon , Sober Hana Shatara , Qiu Peiju , Dong Ping , Xiao Hang
Published: June 2021

Resveratrol (REV) and pterostilbene (PTS) are structurally related stilbene compounds found in fruits such as grapes and blueberries. We compared their effects on three human colon cancer cells (HT29, HCT116 and Caco2). PTS showed much stronger growth inhibitory effects than REV. IC50 of PTS were 2~5‐fold lower than those of REV. In HCT116 and HT29 cells, PTS caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and G2/M phases, respectively, while REV did not cause apparent change in cell cycle at same concentrations. In HT29 cells, PTS at 25 μM significantly enhanced apoptosis, while 75 μM of REV was needed to induce same magnitude of apoptosis. In contrast, PTS and REV showed similar potency in inducing apoptosis in HCT116 cells. These pro‐apoptotic effects were further confirmed by increased levels of cleaved PARP protein in cancer cells. Bioavailability is an important factor dictating the biological activity of dietary components. Using HPLC, we determined the cytosol levels of PTS and REV in cancer cells after treatments with two compounds at same concentration. In all three colon cancer cells tested, the cytosol levels of PTS were about 2~3‐fold higher than those of REV. These results indicated that two methyl groups in PTS facilitate the cellular uptake of PTS in comparison with REV. The increased intracellular levels of PTS may contribute considerably to the stronger growth inhibitory effects on colon cancer cells by PTS than by REV.

Grant Funding Source: University of Masschuaetts Amherst
The Effects of the Extract of Rubaiyat, an Oklahoma Grape Variety, and Resveratrol on Cellular Proliferation and Apoptosis of MCF‐7 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Luebcke Emily , Peterson Sandra , Stafne Eric , Clarke Stephen , Basu Arpita , Smith Brenda , Lucas Edralin
Published: June 2021

Phenolic compounds found in grapes such as resveratrol have been shown to act as antioxidants which can scavenge free radicals and delay or prevent cancer development. Although there have been several studies that have investigated the anti‐cancer properties of resveratrol and grape seed extract, to our knowledge there is no study conducted on Rubaiyat, an Oklahoma red grape variety. The Rubaiyat grape variety was chosen due to its relatively high polyphenol content. We hypothesize that the polyphenols in Rubaiyat possess anti‐proliferative and anti‐apoptotic properties similar to that of resveratrol. MCF‐7 cells were treated with varying concentrations of Rubaiyat grape extract and resveratrol. The anti‐proliferative and anti‐apoptotic effects of grape extract and resveratrol were measured by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) and DAPI assays, respectively. Similar to resveratrol, Rubaiyat grape extract inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in human MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. However, higher concentrations of the extract were needed to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in this cell line. The anti‐carcinogenic property of the Rubaiyat grape extract may be attributed in part to its effects on the apoptotic genes Bcl‐2 and Bax. (Supported by Oklahoma Agriculture Experiment Station)
The effects of talosin A on the proliferation of breast cancer cells and RANKL‐OPG expression in osteoblasts
Authors: Kang Se‐Chan , Kang Nam‐Sung , Pyo Suhkneung , Sohn Eun‐Hwa
Published: June 2021

Talosin A from Kitasatospora kifunensis MJM341 is a novel isoflavonol glycoside with 6‐deoxy‐L‐talose at C‐4 of L‐rhamnose as a sugar moiety. In this study, we investigated the effect of talosin A on the proliferation of MCF7‐BUS, breast cancer cells (ER+). Tamoxifen, ER antagonist, inhibited the cell proliferation which was significantly increased by talosin A (1, 10 and 100μM) in MCF7‐BUS cells. In addition, ER‐reporter analysis showed that talosin A increased the binding activity of ERα. RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‐B) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), which are both produced by osteoblasts at different stages of maturity. To investigate the effect of talosin A on the differentiation of osteoblasts, we examined the expression of RANKL and OPG by RT‐PCR assay in MG‐63, osteoblast‐like cells. The treatment of talosin A down‐regulated RANKL/OPG ratio, which means inhibitory regulation of osteocalsts activation. These data suggest that talosin A might affect the role of osteoblasts like bone formation and might increase ER+ cell proliferation via binding of ERα.
The regulation of LIV‐1 mRNA in MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells and its association with E‐cadherin
Authors: Chong Leelyn , Sankavaram Kavitha , Freake Hedley C
Published: June 2021

LIV‐1 is an estrogen‐regulated gene encoding a member of the ZIP family of zinc transporters (SLC39A6). It is expressed in both estrogen‐receptor positive and negative breast cancer cells. In estrogen‐receptor positive MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, LIV‐1 expression is induced by both estrogen and insulin. LIV‐1 has also been observed to induce the expression of the cell adhesion protein E‐cadherin, thought to play a role in metastasis. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of LIV‐1 and its relationship to E‐cadherin in MDA‐MB‐231estrogen‐receptor negative breast cancer cells. Cells were treated with insulin and EGF for 24 h and the mRNA concentrations of LIV‐1 and E‐cadherin were analyzed by RT‐PCR. EGF treatment induced LIV‐1 mRNA by about 2‐fold whereas insulin increased expression only to a minor extent. The mRNA expression of E‐cadherin paralleled that of LIV‐1 with these treatments. MDA‐MB‐231 cells were also transfected with an shRNA construct designed to knock down LIV‐1 expression. This procedure reduced LIV‐1 mRNA concentrations by 30% and expression of E‐cadherin was reduced to a similar extent. This association between LIV‐1 and E‐cadherin expression in MDA‐MB‐231 cells suggests that LIV‐1 may be a regulator of E‐cadherin in both estrogen‐receptor positive and negative cells. The presence of LIV‐1 could serve as a prognostic marker for breast cancer patients with invasive tumors.
Homocysteine and Folate Status in Octogenarians and Centenarians in Georgia
Authors: Hausman Dorothy Bouillon , Johnson Mary Ann , Davey Adam , Poon Leonard W , Allen Robert H , Stabler Sally P
Published: June 2021

To test the hypotheses that homocysteine (Hcy) and folate status would be 1) poorer in a population‐based multi‐ethnic sample of centenarians as compared with octogenarians and 2) associated with specific dietary, demographic and physiological factors, serum Hcy and plasma and red blood cell folate were measured in men and women aged 80 to 89 (octogenarians, n = 77) and 98 and older (centenarians, n = 195) from northern Georgia. Regression analyses were used to examine the association of Hcy status with the variables of interest. As expected, the prevalence of folate deficiency was low overall, yet tended to be higher in centenarians than in octogenarians (6.2% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.076; defined as RBC folate < 317 nmol/L). Also, the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was higher in centenarians than in octogenarians (46.7% vs. 15.6%, p < 0.001; defined as serum Hcy > 13.9 nmol/L). In logistic regression analyses, the probability of having HHcy increased by being a centenarian vs. octogenarian (p < 0.001), and in centenarians the risk was significantly increased by having poor renal function (20‐fold), being vitamin B12 deficient (6‐fold) or not taking a B‐vitamin containing supplement (2‐fold), but was not related to race, gender, or place of residence. Given the many potential adverse consequences of HHcy, efforts are needed to minimize avoidable risk factors such as vitamin B12 deficiency. Supported by 1P01‐AG17553.
Soy isoflavones for three years exert modest effects on pQCT bone measures in postmenopausal women
Authors: Shedd‐Wise Kristine M , Hofmann Heike , Alekel D Lee , VanLoan Marta
Published: June 2021

We examined the effect of soy isoflavones on bone density and strength in healthy postmenopausal women (45.8–65.0 y). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measured 3 y change in cortical bone mineral density (CtBMD), cortical thickness (CtThk), periosteal circumference (PC), endosteal circumference (EC), and strength‐strain index (SSI) at the 1/3 midshaft femur (N=165) and trabecular density (TbBMD), PC, and SSI at the 4% distal tibia (N=162) in response to soy protein‐extracted isoflavones (120 or 80 mg/d) or placebo. We report no treatment effect for femur CtThk, PC, or EC, or tibia PC. The 120 mg/d dose protected TbBMD, but high urinary phosphorus (UrP) (p<0.05) lessened this effect. High UrP negatively affected tibia SSI (p<0.05) in the 120 mg/d group. Also, the 120 mg/d dose protected femur CtBMD as time since last menstrual period increased (p<0.01) and the 80 mg/d dose protected femur SSI as bone turnover increased (p<0.05). Hence, soy isoflavones may exert a modest protective effect on pQCT measured bone parameters in postmenopausal women, but high UrP lessened this potential benefit. Supported by NIAMS/NIH (AR046922); NWRC, ISU; USDA/ARS, WHNRC; Clinical & Translational Science Center, CRC, UCD (1M01RR19975‐01); National Center for Medical Research (UL1 RR024146).
The association between serum folate and folate sub‐species with overall survival after breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: McEligot Archana Jaiswal , Ziogas Argyrios , Anton‐Culver Hoda
Published: June 2021

We studied the relationship between total serum folate and folate sub‐species, 5‐methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5MTHF), 5‐formyltetrahydrofolic acid (FOTS), pteroylglutamic acid (PGAS) and tetrahydrofolic acid (THFS) with overall survival after breast cancer diagnosis. Participants were post‐menopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer (n = 498) between 1994–1995 with a mean follow‐up of 80 months. Total serum folate and subspecies samples collected at or post diagnosis were measured by radio protein binding assay, and by isotope‐dilution LC/MS/MS methodology, respectively. In the Cox proportional multivariate hazards models [controlled for disease stage, age at diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), parity, ER/PR status, alcohol use and energy intake], we found that the relative risk of dying in the highest quartile for total serum folate levels was nearly 50% lower (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32–0.99) compared with all other groups (1st, 2nd and 3rd quartile). There was a borderline significant reduced risk of dying in the highest quartile of THFS, the bioactive form of folate, (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.34–1.07) compared with the other quartiles. These results suggest that total folate concentrations at and/or after diagnosis were positively associated with survival after breast cancer diagnosis, and that of the folate sub‐species that contribute to total circulating folate levels, only THFS was associated with reduced risk of dying after breast cancer diagnosis, which has implications for dietary and supplemental folate intake recommendations.
Dietary oleanolic acid suppresses adipocyte differentiation and expression of proinflammatory visfatin
Authors: Sung Hye‐Young , Li Jing , Kang Sang‐Wook , Kim Jung‐Lye , Kim Dong Shoo , Kang Young‐Hee
Published: June 2021

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a triterpenoid compound that exists widely in food, medicinal herbs and other plants, with potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Visfatin is recently discovered as a visceral‐fat‐specific adipokine that is predominantly produced in visceral adipose tissue and particularly secreted by the macrophages. This study tested whether OA can suppress differentiation of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes by measuring cellular expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα as well as lipid accumulation. The 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were cultured in DMEM‐ 10% FBS for up to 6 days using differentiating protocols in the absence and presence of 1–25 μM. In addition, pro‐inflammatory visfatin production was examined in the differentiated adipocytes. OA at ≥5 μM attenuated lipid accumulation and expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, evidenced by Oil Red O staining and Western blotting. Submicromolar OA dampened visfatin protein expression at transcriptional mRNA levels, proved by RT‐PCR. Futhermore, visfatin mitigated vascular adhesion molecules involved in the monocyte trafficking. The results demonstrate that dietary OA may be a promising agent to disturb obesity‐associated inflammation and atherogenesis. This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE) through the Technological Development Project for Regional Strategic Plan and Brain Korea 21.
Understanding the Differences in Pulse Pressure in two Minority Groups: Haitians & Cubans
Authors: Huffman Fatma G. , Zarini Gustavo G. , Exebio Joel C. , Nelson Evanne , Pinzon Natalia , Negron Jenesis , Morgan Virginia , Ortiz Neda R.
Published: June 2021

Differences in pulse pressure (PP) among Cuban (n=367) and Haitian (n=234) Americans with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) was investigated. Participants were recruited from Miami‐Dade and Broward Counties, FL. Blood pressure was measured twice and averaged to calculate PP. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, ANOVA and logistic regression, controlling for age, gender, BMI, and hypertension medication(s). Haitians had higher PP (55.1±16.9) than Cubans (50.8±13.0) (p=.001). Haitians with T2D had significantly higher PP (56.5±17.4) than Cubans with (52.9±12.4, p=.035) and without T2D (48.7±13.3, p=.001). Cubans with T2D had higher PP than those without (p=.006). Haitians without T2D (53.8±16.3) had higher PP than Cubans without T2D (48.7±13.3, p=.003). Logistic regression analysis indicated that Haitians were more likely to have abnormal PP when compare to Cubans (OR=2.23, p=.001, 95 CI 1.53 to 3.27). After adjusting for confounders, Haitians were more likely to have abnormal PP than Cubans (OR=4.83, p=.001, 95 CI 2.98 to 7.83). In this study, ethnicity and diabetes status played an important role in PP levels which may be a predictor of future cardiovascular events. Supported by a grant from NIH/SCORE.
Relationship between elevated serum alanine aminotransferase concentration and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults
Authors: Kim Jihye
Published: June 2021

The elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) have been strongly associated with adiposity and may represent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We investigated the relationship between metabolic syndrome and elevated ALT in the general Korean population. The study sample was comprised of 4,781 Korean adults who had participated in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Metabolic syndrome was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program for Adult Treatment Panel III. Elevated ALT was defined as an enzyme activity >40 IU/L for men, and >31 for women. Among participants, 425 (8.9%) subjects displayed elevated ALT. The odds ratios (95% CIs) for elevated ALT were 3.5 (2.8–4.8), 2.2 (1.7–2.7), 2.4 (1.9–3.1), 3.8 (3.1–4.7), and 1.8 (1.5–2.2) in subjects with abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high fasting glucose, high triglyceride, and low HDL cholesterol after adjusting for age and sex. The odds ratios for elevated ALT were 1.3 (0.96–2.32) 3.0 (1.98–4.61), and 6.3 (4.29–9.35) (P for trend<0.0001) in Korean adults with 1, 2, and ≥3 risk factors when adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake. Metabolic syndrome was strongly associated with elevated ALT concentration in Korean adults.
Perceived Determinants of Childhood Obesity Among WIC Participants
Authors: Mejia Maximino Alfredo , Montgomery Susanne B , Melgar‐Quinonez Hugo
Published: June 2021

We conducted this study to identify perceived determinants of childhood obesity by Hispanic WIC participant mothers and to assess the feasibility of applying participatory research to develop interventions to reduce childhood obesity at WIC.

Methods

We conducted 12 theory‐based in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with Hispanic mothers of overweight children enrolled in the WIC program. We framed open‐ended questions based on core constructs of the Health Belief Model and the PRECEDE‐PROCEED Model and we analyzed the qualitative data collected with NVivo 8 to identify emerging themes.

Results

As a group, Hispanic mothers have a good understanding of the behavioral, environmental, and ecological determinants of childhood obesity. They identified key determinants of childhood obesity and their potential solutions. Hispanic mothers shared their stories and experiences for their peers to lower the obesity epidemic.

Conclusion

The HBM and PRECEDE‐PROCEED Model provide a suitable framework to identify perceived determinants and solutions to deal with childhood obesity among Hispanics. Most of the perceived determinants of obesity identified in this study are in harmony with current literature. A participatory action research is feasible to design a primary prevention intervention of childhood.

This study was supported by a USDA Bridge Grant.
The expression of enzymes related to reverse cholesterol transport metabolism in metabolic syndrome: KMSRI‐SEOUL Project
Authors: Park Mi Young , Kang In Hae , Lee So Youn , Park Kyung Min , Lee Myoung Sook
Published: June 2021

Metabolic Syndrome(MetSyn) has continuously increased in Korea for the past 10 years(KNHNES 2005).

To investigate the metabolic changes of reverse cholesterol transport(RCT) as a major reason in MetSyn, 373 out‐patients were recruited from Seoul Medical Center. Clinic and biochemical measurements included anthropometry, lipid biochemistry, apo E genotyping and the expression of enzymes related to RCT such as lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT), cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP) and lipoprotein lipase(LPL).

The prevalence of MetSyn was 51.3% for men and 41.8% for women using the modified criteria for ATPIII and IDF for Korea MetSyn. The levels of LCAT, apo C‐II, and apo E were increased, but the masses of CETP and LPL were decreased in MetSyn patients. CETP showed a negative correlation with BP and TG. Consequently, high LCAT and low CETP levels resulted in the MetSyn attack in concomitant with insulin resistance markers such as high TG and low LPL levels. The normal type of e3 allele showed a negative correlation with LPL and TG, and a positive correlation in variants(e2, e4) cannot be observed, apoE variants had a little effect in the lipid circulation on RCT system in MetSyn. We concluded that the increasing TG corresponding to decreased LPL and CETP activites might be considered as the potential biomarkers in the insulin resistant MetSyn patients.
Effect of fish oil supplementation on mammary lipogenesis in mice
Authors: Hussein Mahmoud , Harvatine Kevin J , Boisclair Yves R , Bauman Dale E
Published: June 2021

Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), notably DHA and EPA, impact many metabolic pathways including down regulation of hepatic lipogenesis. Interestingly, fish oil supplements tend to increase mammary de novo synthesized medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) in lactating rodents, suggesting that the effect of PUFA on lipogenesis may be tissue specific. Our objective was to examine the effect of omega‐3 PUFA on mammary lipogenesis. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a semi‐purified low fat control diet beginning 1 wk prepartum. On d 6 of lactation, mice were maintained on the low fat control diet ( 5% dietary oil) or shifted to high fat diets (10% dietary oil) enriched in either omega‐3 PUFA (fish oil) or oleic acid (control high fat) for 7 d (n = 8 mice/group). Results showed that mammary lipogenic capacity, measured by C14‐glucose incorporation into lipids by mammary explants, was similar among treatments. Moreover, there was no treatment effect on the proportion of MCFA in milk fat (g/100 g fatty acids) or litter weight gain, a proxy for milk energy secretion. In contrast, the omega‐3 rich diet reduced liver weight compared to controls (P<0.001). Overall, dietary omega‐3 PUFA had no apparent effect on mammary lipogenesis at the experimental dietary level. Moreover, when contrasted with the concomitant reduction in liver weight, results suggest that murine mammary lipogenesis may be less‐ or non‐responsive to omega‐3 PUFA.
A Mediterranean‐style low glycemic load diet decreases the risk for heart disease by decreasing atherogenic lipoproteins. Addition of a medical food containing plant sterols and soy protein has a more favorable effect on LDL metabolism
Authors: Jones Jennifer L , Barona Jacqueline , Calle Mariana , Lerman Robert , McIntosh Mark , Kalynych Colleen , Vukich Claire , Volek Jeff S , Fernandez Maria Luz
Published: June 2021

We assessed lipoprotein profiles of women classified with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and with elevated plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL‐C) adhering to a Mediterranean low glycemic diet alone (n = 40) or accompanied by intake of a medical food containing plant sterols, soy protein, rho iso‐alpha acids, and proanthocyanidins (PSS) (n = 44). Decreases in energy intake from baseline (p < 0.00001) paralleled with a decrease in carbohydrate and an increase in protein (p < 0.05). Both groups experienced favorable impacts on MetS parameters, with decreases in waist circumference, plasma triglycerides (TG), and blood pressure (p < 0.01). In addition, decreases in trunk fat were observed (p< 0.0001) for all subjects. While LDL‐C and apolipoprotein (apo) B decreased in all subjects (p < 0.01), there was a greater decrease in the PSS group (p < 0.01). All subjects had a decrease in atherogenic large VLDL (p < 0.0005) and small LDL particles (p < 0.0001). In agreement with decreases in medium HDL (p < 0.001), apo A‐II, associated with atherogenicity, decreased as well (p < 0.001). Lastly, decreases were noted in levels of apo C‐III and E (p < 0.01), which are implicated in hypertriglyceridemia. The data suggest that the dietary prescription improved TG metabolism by decreasing the formation of large VLDL and by reducing apolipoproteins interfering with lipoprotein lipase activity. Inclusion of PSS imparted further beneficial effects associated with LDL metabolism. [Supported by MetaProteomics, LLC, Gig Harbor, WA]
The expression of tetranectin is affected by polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adipocytes
Authors: Wang Ya‐Ching , Wu Hsin‐Ting , Lin Hsin‐Yu , Ding Shih‐Tong
Published: June 2021

Tetranectin (TN) enhances fibrolysis specifically by binding to the plasminogen‐like hepatocyte growth factor and tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA). Tetranecttin is an inducer of plasminogen activation which is catalyzed by tPA. We detected the expression of TN in human adipocytes. Using the primers of TN exon1 to detect TN mRNA expression by real‐time PCR, we found that TN mRNA expression was positive correlated with both adipogenesis and human body mass index (BMI). Many genes involve in lipid metabolism is regulated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in adipocytes. PUFA also regulate the adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis, and lipolysis. We treated human adipocytes with different PUFA, include docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and arachinonic acid and found that PUFA decreased the expression of TN mRNA expression. These results suggest that TN may have a role related to regulating lipid metabolism in adipocytes.

The project was funded in part by the National Science Council in Taiwan.

Grant Funding Source: The project was funded in part by the National Science Council in Taiwan
Correlation between n‐3 fatty acid intakes estimated using a food frequency questionnaire and concentrations measured in plasma phospholipids
Authors: Garneau Veronique , Paradis Ann‐Marie , Godin Gaston , Julien Pierre , Perusse Louis , Vohl Marie‐Claude
Published: June 2021

Aim

To verify whether intakes of n‐3 fatty acids (FA) estimated from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) correlate with n‐3 FA concentrations measured in plasma phospholipids (PL).

Methods

The study sample consisted of 100 men and 100 women. Dietary data were collected using a FFQ administered by a dietitian. Plasma PL FA profile was measured by gas chromatography.

Results

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (men: r=0.52, p<0.0001; women: r=0.57, p<0.0001) and total n‐3 FA (men: r=0.47, p<0.0001; women: r=0.52, p<0.0001) intakes were positively correlated to their respective plasma PL FA concentrations in both sexes. In women only, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (r=0.44, p<0.0001) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) (r=0.23, p=0.02) intakes correlated with plasma PL FA concentrations. The quintile assignment analysis highlights the relation between the n‐3 FA estimated versus measured in plasma PL. DHA is the FA that was classified the most successfully (72% of men and 62% of women assigned in the same or adjacent quintiles) and DPA is the FA that had the smallest level of agreement between the 2 methods (around 50% for both sexes).

Conclusions

Intakes of n‐3 FA estimated from a FFQ correlate with n‐3 FA concentrations measured in plasma PL. FFQ could be used as a simple, low cost tool in studies investigating effects of n‐3 FA intakes in some diseases. This study was supported by CIHR.
Differential response of frequent and infrequent patrons to simplified nutrition labels at the point of selection in quick‐service food establishment
Authors: Chu Yong H. , Frongillo Edward A. , Jones Sonya J. , Kaye Gail L.
Published: June 2021

Frequent patrons of quick‐service food establishments have grown substantially in the past decade, a concern because meals away from home typically have higher energy content than meals prepared at home. Provision of nutrition labels at the point of selection could help frequent patrons in particular make healthful entrée selections, but this is untested. This study examined if provision of nutrition labels at the point of selection changed the average energy content of entrées purchased by frequent and infrequent patrons. A quasi‐experimental, single‐group, interrupted time‐series design was used to examine daily sales data for 370 patrons before and after provision of the labels. Paired t‐test was used to test for differences in average energy content of entrées purchased, and regression was used to test for differences between frequent and infrequent patrons. For women, both frequent (27 kcal) and infrequent (39 kcal) patrons significantly decreased the average energy content of entrées purchased after provision of labels. For men, only frequent patrons significantly decreased (25 kcal). Results were not altered when patrons' body mass index, race, and knowledge of nutrition labels were controlled. These results are evidence that providing nutrition labels will help frequent patrons of quick‐service establishments‐‐those most at risk of increased energy intake‐‐make healthful entrée selections.
Survey of dietary supplement use in intercollegiate athletes
Authors: Vasaeli Kathryn E. , Kruskall Laura J. , Wilson Kyle S. , Young John C.
Published: June 2021

It is commonly assumed that dietary supplement use is wide spread in intercollegiate athletes. In order to provide relevant nutrition education to student athletes it is necessary to understand both the type of and the degree to which supplements are used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of self‐reported supplement use among intercollegiate athletes in a division I university athletic program. Surveys were administered annually to each student athlete in 11 men's and/or women's sports from 2001–2008. Supplements were grouped into 6 categories: vitamins, minerals, protein, performance enhancers (creatine), weight loss, and joint health. At total of 3303 surveys were analyzed. Results indicate that creatine was the most widely used supplement in men's sports while a multi‐vitamin was the most widely used supplement by female athletes. The overall reported use of dietary supplements was considerably less than expected. However, these results suggest the need for continued discussions on the efficacy of creatine supplementation and the beneficial effects of a daily multi‐vitamin.
Foodwiki: A Distributed Annotation System for Building a Nutrition and Food Database
Authors: Woolf Peter , Fu Leeann , Basu Avik
Published: June 2021

Categorization, annotation, and dissemination of food data pose significant challenges. As an example, a data source such as the USDA database contains fewer than 10,000 foods, while in the single year of 2006 more than 100,000 new food products were launched worldwide. Printed labels for commercially prepared foods provide some information, however there is no centralized digital resource for this information. To address these challenges, we are creating a Wikipedia‐style food ontology collection, annotation, and editing system called Foodwiki. Data from the repository will be freely available to the public and research community. By creating a distributed annotation system, Foodwiki will provide a unified and structured digital repository for a wide range of food data.
Differences in percent body fat and plant protein intake between females with and without polycystic ovary syndrome in South Korea
Authors: Park Seung‐hee , Hwang Ji‐Yun , Chang Namsoo , Chung Hey Won , Sung Yeon‐Ah
Published: June 2021

Limited studies have reported that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is closely associated with infertility, is known to be related to body fat and macronutrient intake. This study was to compare the anthropometric, hematological, and dietary factors between females with (n=214) and without PCOS (n=80) in Korea. Subjects (age, 21.28±4.12 y) with menstrual irregularity were recruited for the baseline investigation from December 2008 to May 2009 and they were classified as those with and without PCOS based on European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Nutrient intake was measured by a 24‐hour recall for two days within the same week. Females with PCOS had higher BMI (22.0 kg/m2vs 20.9 kg/m2, p=0.01), waist‐hip ratio (0.83 vs 0.81, p<0.001), percent body fat (33.6% vs 31.6%, p=0.013), and Ferriman‐Gallwey score (5.18 vs 2.80, p<0.001) than those without PCOS. Hematocrit levels were significantly higher (38.1% vs 37.1%, p=0.013) and plant protein intake was lower (28.69g vs 36.09g, p=0.027) in females with PCOS than those without. Further studies are needed to investigate anthropometric and dietary factors related to PCOS with healthy females.

This work was supported by the 2nd stage of Brain Korea 21 project.
Assessment of content validity and reliability of Institute of Functional Medicine (IFM) Matrix Model, 2008
Authors: Koutoubi Samer , Boutin Debra , Sasagawa Masa , Crouse Ruth Ann , Gill Megan G , Hoverter Autumn , Lesher Michelle RM , Mingione Tarynne L , Morgan Jaimie M , Rasmussen Mary Ann , Shurnene Mariya , Wells Stephanie E
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study is to establish the content validity (CV) and reliability of the Institute of Functional Medicine (FM) Matrix Model, 2008. Seventeen practitioners trained in FM rated the CV of the FM Matrix. The item‐level Content Validity Index (I‐CVI), the multiple‐rater intra‐class coefficient of reliability (ICC), and the Fleiss’ kappa were calculated for each domain and for the entire matrix. Of the 9 domains, two domains (Detoxification and Biotransformation, and Nutrition Status/Exercise/Sleep/Beliefs and Self‐Care/Relationships) received adequate content validity. Three domains (Immune Surveillance & Inflammatory Process, Digestion and Absorption, and Psychological and Spiritual Equilibrium) received high I‐CVI rating but failed to reach the standard for ICC and kappa. This means that their content validity may have been linked to chance agreement among the experts. Three domains (Structural/Boundary/Membranes, Oxidative/Reductive Homeodynamics, and Hormone & Neurotransmitter Regulation) received high and low I‐CVI rating and all experts are in agreement with rating. The entire matrix I‐CVI was rated high by experts but with little overall agreements among the experts. This means that the content validity may have been linked to chance agreement among the experts. The results of this pilot study indicate that parts of the IFM matrix tool are not valid and require revision.
Green tea polyphenols and Tai Chi exercise for postmenopausal osteopenic women: safety report from a 24‐week placebo‐controlled randomized trial
Authors: Shen Chwan‐Li , Chyu Ming‐Chien , Yeh James K , Zhang Yan , Pence Barbara C , Felton Carol K , Dagda Raul Y , Dagda Marisela , Doctolero Susan , Flores Mary J , Wang Jia‐Sheng
Published: June 2021

Osteoporosis is a major health problem in postmenopausal women. This study was to evaluate the effects of 24‐week green tea polyphenols supplementation (GTP) along with Tai Chi exercise (TC) on safety. 171 postmenopausal women with osteopenia (57.4±6.8 yr, BMI 28.4±5.3 kg/m2) were assigned to 4 treatment: placebo (500 mg starch/d), GTP (500 mg GTP/d), placebo+TC (60 min TC/session, 3×/wk), and GTP+TC for 24 weeks. Laboratory blood chemistry parameters including liver function (aspartate aminotransferase, AST and alanine aminotransferase, ALT), alkaline phosphates, total bilirubin, urea nitrogen, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and creatinine were assessed in overnight fasting blood samples taken at baseline and every 4 weeks throughout the study period. Data was analyzed by two‐way ANOVA. After 24 weeks intervention, 21 participants dropped out (12% attrition rate) due to loss of interest or any other condition unrelated to the current study intervention. The compliance rates for study agent and TC exercise were 89% and 83%, respectively. Neither GTP supplementation nor TC exercise affected liver function, as determined by AST and ALT laboratory results. Similarly, other blood chemistry parameters were not affected by any treatment throughout the study. No adverse event due to study treatment was reported by the participants, regardless of group assignment. These data demonstrated that GTP supplementation at 500 mg daily and TC exercise for 24 weeks was considered a safe approach to postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Study was supported by NCCAM/NIH R21AT003735 (CLS).
Effect of Natural Plant Water Extracts Suppressed Melanin Production in B16 Mouse Melanoma Cell
Authors: Kim Tae Hyuk , Chung Mi Ja , Kim Dae Jung , You Jin Kyoun , Seo Dong Joo , Baek Jong Mi , Choe Myeon
Published: June 2021

In current the development of functional whitening cosmetics without side effects is going on, and the one using natural materials has been especially focused. Therefore, we intend to verify the effect of whitening using these natural plant water extract (MH: Ephedrae, Santalum album, BDH: Agrimonia pilosa ledeb,SHC: Houttuyniae herbal, ESC: Houttuynia cordata Thunberg, JGP: Sorbus amurensis Koehne, TSJ: Coscuta japonica chois ). we found out antioxdant, the acticity of mushroom tyrosinase and melanin synthesis have been studied in a cell‐free system and mouse melanoma cell. And cellular tyrosinase activity measured in mouse melanoma B16 cell by RT‐PCR. In the results of measuring the control of tyrosinase activation at 1000ppm, JGP (61%) shows the highest inhibition activity and ESC(70%) in order. And inhibition cellular tyrosinase JGP(69%) demonstrates the highest figures in models. And melanin content JGP(90%) shows the highest inhibition.(This work is financially supported by Well‐bing Bioproducts Regional Innovation Center project).
Eating frequency is related to energy intake during an adult behavioral weight loss intervention
Authors: Bachman Jessica Lynne , Raynor Hollie , Anderson Betsy
Published: June 2021

This study examined eating frequency (EF) and dietary intake during a lifestyle intervention. Participants were given a prescription of 1200–1500 kcals/day, with ≤ 30% kcals/fat. Those with dietary and anthropometric data at 0 and 6 mos were included (n = 185, BMI = 35.0 ± 4.4 kg/m2, age = 52.2 ± 8.7 yrs, 58.4 % female, 91.9% white). Dietary intake was assessed with 3, phone, 24‐hr dietary recalls using NDSR software. Meals and snacks, (participant defined), were eating occasions when ≥50 kcals were consumed. Tertiles based on EF at 6 mos were created (Group 1: n = 85, EF = 3.53 ± 0.44; Group 2: n = 44, EF = 4.45 ± 0.16; Group 3: n = 56, EF = 5.62 ± 0.71, p < 0.01). ANCOVA (covariates: race, intervention group, baseline EF, baseline outcome variable analyzed, and 6‐month physical activity) found that EF differences between groups at 6 mos were due to the number of snacks consumed/day. Group 1 ate the fewest snacks/day (Group 1 = 0.94 ± 0.06; Group 2 = 1.74 ± 0.08; Group 3 = 2.76 ± 0.07, p < 0.01), with no group differences in number of meals/day. Compared to Group 3, Group 1 at 6 mos consumed fewer kcals/day (1258.84 ± 40.45 vs. 1505.05 ± 50.17; p < 0.01) and lower % energy from carbohydrate/day (54.2 ± 0.8 vs. 58.6 ± 1.0; p < 0.01). Participants lost 11.52 ± 5.50% of body weight (no significant difference between groups). Eating less frequently during the day may aid in consuming a lower‐calorie diet during a lifestyle intervention. Supported by R01 DK074721
Child‐parent resemblance in weight status in the U.S.
Authors: Liu Yinghui , Liang Lan , Wang Youfa
Published: June 2021

Mixed results exist on child‐parent resemblance in weight status, and few studies in the US are based on national data. We studied the resemblance using 5109 child‐parent dyads from the nationally representative 2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. BMI based on self‐reported weight/height was used to classify overweight and obesity: in children, 85th and 95th percentiles; in adults, 25 and 30, respectively. Resemblance was assessed using weighted Pearson correlation coefficients (r), agreement % (quintiles or weight status), Kappa, and logistic regression models adjusted for complex sampling design effect and covariates. Pearson r was 0.26 for all child‐parent pairs, and ranged from 0.18 for father‐son to 0.34 for mother‐daughter dyads. The association was stronger in dyads with older parents (>=50 y) or older children (15–17 y), and weaker in dyads with low family income (<125% poverty line). Ethnic difference was evident; correlation was 0.24, 0.20, 0.21, and 0.37 for white, black, Hispanic, and pairs with other ethnicity. Child‐parent pairs with the following features were more likely both to be overweight or obese: father‐child dyads, boy‐parent dyads, younger child age (6–9 y), parent being black, parent having <12 years education, and lower family income. Overall, child‐parent resemblance in BMI is weak to moderate in the US and varies across different ethnic and SES groups. The study was funded by NIH.
Identification of a conformational epitope induced when plasminogen binds to fibrin
Authors: Kim Kee‐Hwan , Baik Nagyung , Parmer Robert J , Miles Lindsey A
Published: June 2021

A key step in thrombolysis is the interaction of plasminogen with the substrate, fibrin. This results in marked enhancement of plasminogen activation. To study this mechanism we developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb 109) that reacts with fibrin‐bound plasminogen in the presence of a ≥ 50‐fold molar excess of soluble plasminogen. The objective of our study was to define the epitope recognized by mAb 109 that reports a conformational change in plasminogen upon binding to fibrin. Plasminogen was denatured in urea and reduced and alkylated followed by digestion with trypsin. Using western blotting and a specific mAb 109‐based ELISA for plasminogen, we established the concentration of trypsin that resulted in maximal digestion of plasminogen, while retaining reactivity with mAb 109. The plasminogen digest was applied to a mAb 109 immunoaffinity column. The eluate was subjected to LC‐MS‐MS. Two peaks with masses of 1298 AMU and 1030 AMU corresponding to a nonlinear epitope contained within H494‐R504 within the kringle 5 domain and L652‐K661 in the latent protease domain, respectively, were obtained. These results were corroborated in western blotting of plasminogen domains. Our data suggest that this domain becomes accessible to mAb 109 when plasminogen interacts with fibrin. Thus, the conformational change detected by mAb 109 is likely to enhance the ability of plasminogen to be activated on the fibrin surface.

Supported by a Recovery Act Supplement to NIH HL081046 for Summer Research Experiences for Students and Science Educators and by the Department of Veterans Affairs.