bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crossing the Line to Electronic Medical Records in Subsaharian Africa: An Obstetric and Neonatal Information System with Perinatal Indicators Dashboard
Authors: Gueye M. , Gueye Md Ndiaye , Mbaye M. , Abdoulaye M. , Diouf A. , Wade M. , Diakhate A. , Aidibe I. , Moreau Jc
Published: June 2017

Objectives: This study reports our experience in the use of a perinatal electronic medical record, E_Perinatal, by giving examples of its potential for the analysis of clinical data and the involvement of the indicators produced in the improvement of Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care in Africa. Methodology: This is a study that was conducted in the scenario of a Level II Health Centre in Senegal. The methodology of the study followed the following steps: an inventory of the use of electronic tools in labour wards in Senegal, an exploratory survey of the scenario of obstetric and neonatal care, simultaneous elaboration of an electronic medical record in obstetrics and neonatology and selection of obstetric and neonatal care indicators to automatically generated and implement the information system. The recording was retrospective and continuous from January 2015 to December 2016. Results: This database automates the storage of obstetric data, including antenatal care, obstetric ultrasound, hospital admissions, prescribing, etc., providing easy access to patient data from anywhere in the hospital, produce timely reports and graphs to refer to clinician correspondents, store and electronically transfer birth data to authorities, and store data for ad hoc queries and search statistics. Conclusion: E_Perinatal has demonstrated in a scenario of an intermediate health facility its usefulness and ease of use. Scaling up in a developing country will help to better understand the real problems and help to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality.
Por uma educação latino-americana em direitos humanos: pensamento jurídico crítico contra-hegemônico
Authors: Wolkmer Antonio Carlos , Lippstein Daniela
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste texto é buscar compreender os Direitos Humanos a partir de uma perspectiva crítica libertadora com base nas raízes da identidade latino-americana. A discussão justifica-se pela importância de se trazer a luz do debate jurídico crítico discursos hegemônicos de colonização travestidos como direitos humanos universais que tem legitimado práticas de dominação e negação do outro. Será adotado no desenvolvimento do trabalho um aporte metodológico  indutivo que parte das premissas particulares acerca de elementos essenciais da cultura latino-americana para propor um sistema participativo e contextualizado de direitos humanos. Já quanto ao procedimento da pesquisa será adotado abordagem de teor  sociológico, compreendendo que o direito é um fenômeno sócio-cultural e por essa razão busca-se o pensamento crítico latino-americano para a proposição de uma conjuntura de direitos humanos libertadora. Conclui-se com o presente estudo de que é necessário um resgate e desenvolvimento de um pensamento jurídico crítico para constituir  uma educação latino-americana de direitos humanos que vise a emancipação e real efetividade dos direitos humanos superando discursos hegemônicos dominantes.
Uma nova sociologia em defesa das crianças e suas infâncias
Authors: Canavieira Fabiana Oliveira
Published: June 2017

O artigo se apresenta como uma revisão de literatura da teoria sociológica tida como clássica, buscando estabelecer relações e destacar as contribuições dos principais fundamentos sociológicos à consolidação do campo da Sociologia da Infância, como novo paradigma teórico que têm as crianças e a infância como foco de seus estudos e atuação profissional. Sem a pretensão de se constituir como um estado da arte, faz-se um desvelamento das primeiras delimitações do novo campo teórico, ao passo que se exerce a reflexividade sociológica inspirada em Bourdieu, mas percorrendo outros sociólogos.Palavras-chave: Sociologia da Infância; Sociologia da Educação; Educação InfantilA new sociology in defense of children and their childhoodsABSTRACTThe article presents a literature review of the classical sociological theory, seeking to establish relationships and highlight the contributions of the main sociological foundations to the consolidation of the field of Sociology of Childhood as a new theoretical paradigm that children and childhood are the focus of its studies and professional performance. Without intending to be a state of art, we unveil the first delimitations of the new theoretical field, while the sociological reflexivity inspired by Bourdieu is exercised, but using other sociologists equally important for the present reflection.Keywords: Sociology of Childhood; Sociology of Education; Early Children Education.Una nueva sociología en defensa de los niños y sus infanciasRESUMENEl artículo se presenta como una revisión de la literatura de la teoria sociológica clásica, buscando establecer relaciones y poner de relieve las contribuciones de los principales fundamentos sociológicos para la consolidación del campo de la sociología de la infancia como un nuevo paradigma teórico que tienen los niños y la infancia como el foco de su estudios y desempeño profesional. Sin la pretensión de constituirse como un estado de la técnica, se trata de una presentación de los primeros límites del nuevo campo teórico, mientras lleva a cabo la reflexividad sociológica inspirado por Bourdieu, pero utilizando otros sociólogos de igual importancia a esta refl exión.Palabras clave: Sociología de la Infancia; Sociología de la Educación; Educación infantil
Orthorexia Nervosa: An Examination of the Prevalence, Correlates, and Associated Impairment in a University Sample
Authors: Hayes Olivia , Wu Monica S. , De Nadai Alessandro S. , Storch Eric A.
Published: June 2017

Orthorexia nervosa is characterized by an obsession with eating “pure” or “healthy” foods. Despite emergent interest, few studies have been published about orthorexia to date. This study examined the phenomenology, correlates, and associated impairment of orthorexia in 404 undergraduate students. A battery of self-report questionnaires assessed orthorexia symptoms, related functional impairment, disordered eating, perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, appearance anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In total, 35.4% of participants endorsed elevated orthorexia symptoms, with primary concerns related to guilt associated with dietary transgressions and experiencing control when eating in a desired manner. Orthorexia symptoms demonstrated small to medium correlations with associated impairment variables, perfectionism, disordered eating, appearance anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Mean differences were observed across all variables (except depressive symptoms) between individuals elevated and not elevated on orthorexia symptoms. Collectively, this study suggests a relatively high frequency of orthorexia symptoms using current methods (which have significant limitations) and demonstrate fairly modest associations with psychological symptomology.
Increasing Breast Cancer Screening in Russian Immigrant Women: Identifying Barriers and Providing On-Site Mammography
Authors: Silko Angelina
Published: June 2017

Background: There has been a significant decline in the use of mammography in the Russian immigrant population. Local Problem: Structural barriers to mammography include lack of or insufficient health insurance and distance to medical facilities. Organizational barriers include difficulty communicating with medical staff and navigating health care systems. The strongest mammography intervention is access. Methods: A Breast Health Tea event, small group discussions, and an on-site mammography event were held within this community to provide education about breast cancer and provide on-site screening mammography. Results: Twenty-seven women received the education and returned the questionnaires. Of these 27, 19 had mammograms. Of the 19, 16 had normal/benign results. Three required follow-up. Of the 3, 1 was positive for breast cancer, 1 was benign, and 1 went elsewhere. Conclusions: Providing access to on-site mammography has been shown to be an effective tool to reach communities that otherwise would not have access to these screenings. Advanced practice registered nurses can partner with public and private organizations and remove barriers to access for breast cancer screening in immigrant communities.
Utilization of EHR Provider Prompts to Maximize Adult Pertussis Immunization Rates
Authors: D’Agostino Susan
Published: June 2017

Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious but preventable bacterial infection. The increased prevalence may be attributable to the low rate of adults being vaccinated against the disease. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine how a computerized clinical reminder assists in improving adherence to adult pertussis immunization Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. The study utilized a nonrandomized intervention-control design. Data were extracted from baseline patient electronic health records (EHRs; N = 352) and from patient EHRs used for intervention and control (n = 120); these were drawn from 2 primary care practices affiliated with an urban teaching hospital. Additional data collected concerned patient demographics, type of office visit, and health insurance coverage as related to pertussis vaccinations. Results indicated that a higher percentage of patients in the intervention group received the Tdap vaccination when compared to the baseline (p < .01) but not the control group (p = .47). Age (p = .04) and type of health insurance coverage (p = .03) influenced Tdap vaccination rates, whereas visit type approached significance (p = .08) and gender had no influence. The EHR clinical reminder may influence health care providers’ adherence to CDC recommendations for administering adult pertussis immunizations.
Influence of External Magnetic Field on the Microwave Absorption Properties of Carbonyl Iron and Polychloroprene Composites Film
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Li Xueai
Published: June 2017

The carbonyl iron particles were dispersed in a polychloroprene rubber (CR) matrix under an external magnetic field for practical application as microwave absorption composites film. The film prepared under external magnetic field with a thickness of only 0.54 mm showed least reflection loss of -15.98 dB and the reflection loss value less than -10.0 dB over the frequency range of 11.4~14.8 GHz. In comparison with the microwave absorption properties of calculation by transmission line theory based on the tested relative complex permittivity and permeability and film prepared by general route without external magnetic field, the film made with external magnetic field exhibited more excellent microwave absorption properties, strongly depending on the increment of anisotropy and rearrangement of magnetic particles. The results indicated the composite film made under external magnetic field have excellent microwave absorption properties, which suggest that the composites thin film could be used as a thinner and lighter microwave absorber.
Access to HIV Care and Resilience in a Long Term Conflict Setting. A Pilot Qualitative Assessment of the Experiences of Living with Diagnosed HIV in Mogadishu, Somali
Authors: Kulane Asli , Owuor John O. A. , Sematimba Douglas , Abdulahi Sacdia Abdisamad , Yusuf Hamdi Moalim , Mohamed Lul M.
Published: June 2017

Background: Human Immnodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to take a heavy toll on the lives of many people with worst impact on health and wellbeing for the affected individuals in fragile states. The HIV situation in Somalia is not clearly known and experiences of the people living with HIV in this war-torn region unexpressed. This pilot qualitative study sought to explore the experiences of people living with diagnosed HIV in Mogadishu and their resilience in access to care and social support. Method: Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted in Somali in May 2013 among patients who were receiving Antiretroviral therapy (ART) from the HIV clinic in Mogadishu. Participants were recruited through drug dispensers at the HIV clinic in Benader Hospital. These were tape recorded, transcribed and translated for content analysis. Results: Three women and four men who were living with HIV shared the following narratives. Their perception was that they had either got HIV from their spouces or through health care contamination. They were very knowledgable about the realities of HIV, how the medication works, nutritional requirements and drug adherence. They were always willing to go an extra mile to secure a good life for themselves. However the external HIV stigma impacted their access to care. They faced challenges in their homes and at work which compelled them to seek support from non-governmental organisations (NGOs) or close family members. This stigma often affected their disclosure to the wider community due to the uncertainity of the repercussions, leading to a life of extreme loneliness and financial difficulties. The participants’ coping mechansms included living together and starting their own NGO for support with very strong optimism about their prognosis. Conclusions: The people living with diagnosed HIV in Mogadishu are highly knowledgeable about HIV transmission, the realities of living with diagnosed HIV infection and efficacy of HIV treatment. Our small sample suggests adequate access to ART through NGOs. However, widespread HIV stigma limits HIV status disclosure to the families and communities which creates a risk of self isolation and ill health. But affected individuals have developed resilient mechanisms of managing the risks. They strive to remain employed for economic security, adhere to HIV treatment, engage in support groups and maintain utmost optimism about their prognosis.
A Mathematical Model for Simulating Canal Flows at Ubombo Sugar
Authors: Msibi Sandile T. , Khoza Busani , Simelane Sandile C.
Published: June 2017

An empirical model is presented for estimating discharge on the Ubombo Sugar Limited (USL) main gravity canal to enhance bulk water management and water use efficiency. It uses stage readings obtained from measuring flumes A, B, C, and UPS to simulate discharge. The rationale for the development of the mathematical flow simulation model is the significance of the UPS flume as it measures readings that influence the daily operations of the farm, and the experiences with the ultrasonic flow meter installed in the flume. The model also provides a first for the simulation of accurate flow rates for flumes A, B, and C. A spreadsheet program that enables express prediction of canal flow rates was developed to influence timely implementation of these water management decisions. Calibrations demonstrated that the model is capable of predicting discharge at high accuracy (p>95%), and can be reliably used as a decision support tool for bulk water management. It can also be expanded to include other water measuring structures along Canal 1 and Canal 2, as well as the development of a stand-alone water management application for desktop and mobile computers.
Modelling of the Biped Robot with 10 DoF
Authors: Shala Ahmet , Likaj Rame , Bajrami Xhevahir
Published: June 2017

First, a brief overview is provided on humanoid robots, and also models for the dynamic behavior are discussed. As base for these models these two methods Denavit-Hartenberg and Newton-Euler are used. Main aim of this work is to investigate the stability of a biped robot developed from IHRT. There is currently the low base of robot - consisting of feet, legs, hips and upper part of robots body. This structure currently has ten degrees of freedom.
A New Kind of Aesthetics – The Mathematical Structure of the Aesthetic
Authors: Kubota Akihiro , Hori Hirokazu , Naruse Makoto , Akiba Fuminori
Published: June 2017

This paper proposes a new approach to investigation into the aesthetics. Specifically, it argues that it is possible to explain the aesthetic and its underlying dynamic relations with axiomatic structure (the octahedral axiom derived category) based on contemporary mathematics – namely, category theory – and through this argument suggests the possibility for discussion about the mathematical structure of the aesthetic. If there was a way to describe the structure of aesthetics with the language of mathematical structures and mathematical axioms – a language completely devoid of arbitrariness – then we would make possible a synthetical argument about the essential human activity of “the aesthetics”, and we would also gain a new method and viewpoint on the philosophy and meaning of the act of creating a work of art and artistic activities. This paper presents one hypothesis as a first step in constructing the science of dynamic generative aesthetics based on axiomatic functionalism, which is in turn based on a new interdisciplinary investigation into the functional structure of aesthetics.
Area Under the Curve Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Irbesatran in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Alexandar S. , Santhanam A. , Sandhu C. , Sanjaykanth C. , Sandhya S. , Santhosh Kumar G. , Jaykar B.
Published: June 2017

This study presents new spectrophotometric method for the determination of Irbesartan. So far, no Area under Curve Spectrophotometric method has been reported for the estimation of Irbesartan from pharmaceutical dosage form. This paper deals with validation and development of a method by Area Under Curve for the assay of Irbesartan from pharmaceutical dosage forms. The principle for AUC curve method is “the area under two points on the mixture spectra is directly proportional to the concentration of the component of interest”. The area selected between 203 to 211 nm for determination of Irbesartan. The drug follows Beer-Lambert’s law over the concentration range of 5-25 μg/ml for Irbesartan. In accuracy study the % recovery of Irbesartan in bulk drug samples was ranged 96.45-93.84%, which indicates that the method was accurate. Validation of the proposed method was carried out for its accuracy, precision, and specificity according to ICH guidelines. The proposed methods can be successfully applied in routine work for the determination of Tigecycline in its pharmaceutical dosage form.
Using Double-Contrast CT Arthrography to Confirm Suspected Dissociation of a Cemented Polyethylene Liner in the Setting of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Chauhan Aakash , Fitzpatrick Sean , Sciulli Robert L. , Sotereanos Nicholas G. , Sewecke Jeffrey J.
Published: June 2017

Case:

A 67-year-old woman who underwent a re-revision of a total hip arthroplasty with a cemented polyethylene liner fell 14 months after surgery. The patient had symptoms of pain and weakness; however, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic evaluation did not disclose fracture, infection, osteolysis, or component migration. Liner dissociation was suspected, and a double-contrast computed tomography (CT) arthrogram confirmed failure at the cement-liner interface. She underwent additional revision surgery and was doing well at the 3-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

Double-contrast CT arthrography confirmed failure at the cement-liner interface and is an effective diagnostic tool in identifying suspected dissociations of cemented polyethylene liners.
A Short Femoral Stem in Revision Total Hip Replacement: An Alternative Solution for Prosthetic Fracture
Authors: Lee Paul Y.F. , Woodnutt David J. , Golding David M.
Published: June 2017

Case:

A 65-year-old farmer re-presented 5 years after sustaining a midshaft prosthetic fracture of a previous long-stem revision hip replacement. He was treated with a proximal-loading short femoral stem, and did not require an extended trochanteric osteotomy for removal of the well-fixed distal implant. He was able to fully bear weight immediately postoperatively, and he remained pain-free without functional loss at the 42-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

This use of a modern short-stem prosthesis is a treatment option for a potentially complex prosthetic fracture in highly active patients, and it reduces intraoperative complexity.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of a Middle-Third Clavicle Fracture with a Superior Plate
Authors: Cole Peter A. , Dyskin Evgeny , Dugarte Anthony J. , Hesse Daniel
Published: June 2017

Open reduction and internal fixation has become a reliable technique to treat complex middle-third clavicle fractures (AO/OTA B-15). Nonoperative treatment of these fractures may result in higher rates of symptomatic malunion, nonunion, dissatisfaction with cosmetic appearance, and even dysfunction and muscular weakness. Risk factors such as substantial displacement or comminution, far lateral fractures, fractures in the elderly, open fractures, or those occurring in polytrauma scenarios are appropriate indications for surgery.

The aim of the procedure is to reconstitute the initial curvature and length of the clavicle, restore a normal connection from the arm to the axial skeleton, and provide stable fixation of the proximal and distal fragments, to allow an immediate full range of motion during rehabilitation.

The procedure includes the following steps.

Step 1: Place the patient in a beach-chair, semi-sitting position.

Step 2: Make a transverse skin incision along the anteroinferior aspect of the clavicle.

Step 3: Expose the fracture site, identify and prepare the fragments unless they are comminuted, and preserve soft-tissue attachments to the extent possible.

Step 4: Reduce the fragments by direct or indirect manipulation, and maintain the reduction with clamps, Kirschner wires, or mini-fragment plates. Consider bridging comminuted zones to allow secondary fracture-healing.

Step 5: Apply a contoured plate to the superior or anterior surface of the clavicle, and obtain at least 6 cortices of fixation on each side with strategic nonlocking and locking screws. The working length of the plate is more important than the number of screws or cortices.

Step 6: Obtain a single intraoperative anteroposterior radiograph of the clavicle.

Step 7: Separately close the wound in layers (deltotrapezial fascia, platysma, and skin). Apply sterile dressings and a sling.

The patient is discharged home on the same day if the injury is isolated, and a full range of motion of the affected shoulder is allowed immediately. The patient is expected to regain full function and strength of the arm once healing occurs.
High-Temperature Fracturing Fluid Based on Nanofiltered Seawater
Authors: BinGhanim Ahmed , Al-Hussain Ali Musa , Karadkar Prasad , Al-Ohaly Maryam , Biyani Mahesh , Cortez Janette , Bataweel Mohammed , Chen Tao , Rahal Raed
Published: June 2017

One of the most serious oilfield problems is scale deposition, particularly when two incompatible waters are involved. The control of scale deposition in high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) wells has been challenging because most scale inhibitors lose effectiveness at high temperatures as a result of molecular instability. Hence, in the context of adapting to the continuous challenges of the oil and gas industry, along with the need to preserve freshwater resources in the Middle East, an in-depth study of the scaling results of mixing fracturing fluid developed using nanofiltered (NF) seawater with formation water containing high total dissolved solids (TDS) under HP/HT conditions is discussed.

A series of dynamic experiments was performed using a DSR-6000 dynamic scale loop at 330°F and 3,000 psi. Additionally, static experiments were conducted at room temperature and 330°F for 2 and 24 hours, respectively. For both dynamic and static tests, two mixing ratios were tested: 80:20 and 50:50 mixtures of NF seawater:formation brine. The 80:20 mixing ratio represents the worst-case scenario according to scale advisor software results. Moreover, regained core permeability at 300 and 330°F and retained proppant pack conductivity tests were also performed.

Results demonstrated that, for dynamic scale loop testing, the lowest concentration of scale inhibitor tested (250 ppm) achieved the passing criteria along with all higher concentrations for both mixing ratios. The static tests were also successful, with no precipitation formed. Regained core permeability was in the range of 77 to 89%. Finally, retained proppant pack conductivity result of 56% indicated good cleanup properties for NF seawater.
Predictive Fracture Modeling: Example Fields From Saudi Arabia
Authors: Thagafy Marwan , Subaie Abdullah , Ozkaya Sait
Published: June 2017

This brief study was initiated to evaluate predictive fracture modeling based on structural geology and geomechanics. The trials with two fields show encouraging results. In strike-slip enviroments, superposition of local stresses cause by structural deformation and the regional Paleo-stresses assisted to predict the strike and risk zones for fold-related fractures successfully.

The main challenge is estimation of paleo-stress orientation and magnitudes. For this is necessary to have at least one field in a region with actual fracture measurements and models from borehole image logs and production data. The predicted fracture models for different paleo-stress orientation and direction are calibrated to the actual observed fracture models to estimate the prevailing Paleo-stress at the time of deformation.

For structures which are composite product of multiple pulses of deformation, it is possible to predict fracturing at each phase by using the isochore maps and the latest phase by using the structural grids of the youngest deformed horizon. This requires a detailed tectonic evolution of the structure which must always be the first step in predictive fracture modeling. An understanding of the nature of structure, tectonic regimes that prevailed and timing and origin of tectonic pulses and folding in relation to the regional faulting are essential for predictive fracture modeling.

Predicted risk zones are not only useful in developing new fields for planning but also in mature fields with a descriptive fracture model. Often, the descriptive fracture model displays only what has been intersected in well bores and the fracture model may not capture the essence of fracturing tendencies, and miss risk zones completely. Predicted modeling accompanied with an understanding of the tectonic evolution and structural geology may add invaluable insight and support to descriptive fracture modeling.
Genetic Male Sterility (Ms44) Increases Maize Grain Yield
Authors: Loussaert Dale , DeBruin Jason , Pablo San Martin Juan , Schussler Jeff , Pape Ryan , Clapp Joshua , Mongar Nicholas , Fox Timothy , Albertsen Marc , Trimnell Mary , Collinson Sarah , Shen Bo
Published: June 2017

During reproductive development in maize (Zea mays L.), the tassel and the ear compete for available nutrients, at the expense of ear development. The objective of this study was to determine if male sterility (MS) genes could be used to reduce the competition between developing reproductive organs and to improve ear and kernel development. Nitrogen (N) budget experiments conducted in the greenhouse revealed that, under N limiting conditions, the tassel continued to accumulate N prior to anthesis while the ear stopped accumulating N. This finding confirmed prioritization of N partitioning to the tassel at the expense of the developing ear during the critical period of kernel set. Genetic male sterile (GMS) genes were used to terminate pollen production. At anthesis, ear biomass of male sterile plants carrying the ms1 allele increased 92% compared with male fertile plants in a greenhouse experiment. In subsequent field testing, GMS (Ms44 allele) male sterile plants increased grain yield across six N rates between 0 and 170 kg ha−1 (784–2301 kg ha−1), three plant densities between 79,070 and 158,140 plants ha−1 (489–3706 kg ha−1), and in flowering drought stress environments (2768 kg ha−1), compared with male fertile plants. Yield was improved due to increased silk number per ear, kernel number per ear, and reduced barren plants. The dominant GMS allele, Ms44, can be used to produce completely sterile or 50:50 segregating male fertile:male sterile hybrid seed through the use of a transgenic maintainer line. Growing a blend of male sterile and male fertile plants can improve grain yield under a range of growing conditions, including those where drought and N limit crop yield.
Interspecific Hybrids between Pembagrass and St. Augustinegrass
Authors: Genovesi A. Dennis , Jessup Russell W. , Burson Byron L. , Engelke Milt C. , Chandra Ambika
Published: June 2017

St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt) Kuntze] is an important turfgrass throughout many of the warm, humid regions of the world, including the southeastern United States. Unfortunately, the grass is susceptible to a number of insects, pathogens, and nematodes that adversely reduce its desirability as a turfgrass. Another Stenotaphrum species, pembagrass [S. dimidiatum (L.) Brongn.], offers a source of resistance to some of these pests. Crosses were made between pembagrass and St. Augustinegrass in an attempt to transfer desirable resistance genes into St. Augustinegrass. Two pembagrass accessions (PI 289729 and PI 365031) were used as the maternal parents, and different St. Augustinegrass cultivars and breeding lines were used as the paternal parents. Seed from these crosses were small, shriveled, lacking fully developed endosperm, and unable to germinate. A total of 218 embryos were cultured on a growth medium using embryo rescue techniques, and 127 seedlings were recovered. Paternal‐specific expressed sequence tag‐simple sequence repeat markers were used to identify the hybrids, and all 127 seedlings were determined to be F1 hybrids. These are the first reported hybrids between pembagrass and St. Augustinegrass. The crossability between the two species ranged from 0 to 67.1%, depending on the genotypes used, and the overall mean crossability was 30.8%. Crossability was greatly influenced by which pembagrass genotype was used as the maternal parent. This is an initial step toward introgressing desired genes for insect, nematode, and pathogen resistance from pembagrass into St. Augustinegrass.
Impact of mips1, lpa1, and lpa2 Alleles for Low Phytic Acid Content on Agronomic, Seed Quality, and Seed Composition Traits of Soybean
Authors: Averitt Benjamin , Shang Chao , Rosso Luciana , Qin Jun , Zhang Mengchen , Rainy Katy M. , Zhang Bo
Published: June 2017

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] is an important agronomic crop around the world, used largely for animal feed. However, ∼75% of the phosphorus (P) in soybean grain is in the form of phytic acid (PA) or phytate, the cation salt form of PA, which cannot be digested by monogastric and agastric animals including swine, poultry, and aquacultural animals, leading to decreased field efficiency and environmental detriment due to P runoff. Soybean lines have been developed with a reduced PA content using mutant alleles of three genes involved in the PA pathway: either the combination of lpa1 and lpa2 or mips1. However, the relationship among these alleles was unknown. This study was conducted to explore the impact of these three mutant alleles on soybean agronomic, seed quality, and seed composition traits. A population consisting of 30 recombinant inbred lines developed from a cross between V03‐5901 (mips1) × 04‐05N32 (lpa1/lpa2) was planted along with the parents at two locations in Virginia in 2014 and 2015. The results showed that (i) an additive relationship existed among the three different mutant alleles, resulting in lower PA content as more low‐PA (LPA) mutant alleles were added; (ii) the lines with lpa1 allele had the highest field emergence, and thus lpa1 may be a good trait with which to create a commercially viable LPA soybean cultivar; and (iii) the interaction between the mips1 and lpa2 alleles resulted in raffinose content significantly lower than with either allele on its own. The findings of this study provided breeders with references for developing LPA soybean cultivars combined with other desirable traits.
Iowa Crop Variety Yield Testing: A History and Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Pellack Lorraine J. , Karlen Douglas L.
Published: June 2017

Variety testing by U.S. agricultural universities, often in cooperation with experiment stations, and professional crop associations is recognized as an independent, unbiased validation of the viability of commercial crop varieties. In Iowa, variety testing has also been conducted by many private agricultural companies and individual farmers. Records for crop variety evaluations within the state can be traced back to 1871, well before the creation of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station in 1888. The Iowa Corn Yield Test (ICYT) is undeniably the most famous of the Iowa variety yield trials; however, corn (Zea mays L.) varieties were being tested long before that program was initiated. Furthermore, Iowa researchers have been conducting variety yield tests on many other field crops. Knowledge of how Iowa variety tests have been organized and published could be helpful to researchers looking for similar, long‐term evaluations from other states and around the world. Variety tests from the past also have the potential to help guide new research efforts and may provide an important untapped resource for unique varietal data. As crop scientists and agronomists look to find new sources for biofuels, bio‐products, and other industrial uses for various crops, data from historical varieties could be useful. The objective for this review is to provide an historic account with sections on varietal testing in Iowa. It is presented in chronological order followed by sections devoted to specific crops. A Supplemental Information file containing a detailed annotated bibliography is also provided.
Nitrogen Management, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Seed Yield and Quality of Creeping Signalgrass
Authors: Catuchi Tiago A. , Soratto Rogério P. , Francisquini Júnior Amarildo , Aranda Elton A. , Guidorizzi Fernando V. C. , Tiritan Carlos S.
Published: June 2017

Nitrogen (N) fertilization management can affect the seed yield and quality of tropical forage grasses. Studies have shown the effect of N rates on tropical grass seed production, but no study has evaluated the effect of application timing of N on the N use efficiency (NUE) and seed yield and quality of creeping signalgrass [Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone & Zuloaga, syn. Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick.]. Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons in Santo Anastácio, São Paulo, Brazil, to evaluate the influence of N fertilization timing on plant nutrition, herbage mass, N uptake, NUE, and seed yield and quality of creeping signalgrass ‘Llanero’. The treatments included a control (no N application) and four treatments with N applied at different times (150 kg N ha−1 during the vegetative phase, 150 kg N ha−1 at panicle initiation [prebooting], 100 kg N ha−1 during the vegetative phase plus 50 kg N ha−1 at panicle initiation, and 50 kg N ha−1 during the vegetative phase plus 100 kg N ha−1 at panicle initiation). Topdressed N fertilization increased the concentration of N in the flag leaf by 35.9% (from 12.2 to 16.6 g kg−1) and increased the herbage N uptake by 99.7% (from 72 and 144 kg ha−1). Herbage mass was not affected by topdressed N fertilization. The greatest seed yield (64.2% or 136 kg ha−1 greater than the control, and an average of 22.5% or 64 kg ha−1 greater than the other N treatments) was observed in response to 100 kg N ha−1 applied during the vegetative phase plus 50 kg N ha−1 applied at panicle initiation, which resulted in improved NUE. Seed viability was greater in the treatments where all or most of the N was applied at panicle initiation. In addition, the seed germination percentage was positively affected by N fertilization, regardless of the N application timing.
Potassium and Phosphorus Fertilization Impacts on Bermudagrass and Limpograss Herbage Accumulation, Nutritive Value, and Persistence
Authors: Silveira Maria L. , Vendramini Joao M. B. , da Silva Hiran M. S. , Borges Bernardo M. M. N. , Ribeirinho Victor S. , Lacerda Julian J. J. , Azenha Mariana V. , Viegas Pedro R. A. , Aguiar Andre D.
Published: June 2017

Despite scientific evidence suggesting that warm‐season grasses can respond favorably to K and P fertilization, the increasing costs of fertilizers limit the extent to which these nutrients are used in pastures and hayfields. Two field studies evaluated ‘Jiggs’ bermudagrass [Cynondon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and ‘Floralta’ limpograss (Hemarthria altissima Stapf. and Hubbard) herbage accumulation (HA), nutritive value, and persistence to reduced fertilization strategies during 2012 to 2014. Treatments were allocated in a split‐plot design with N (90 or 180 kg N ha−1, bermudagrass study) or harvest frequency (6 vs. 12 wk, limpograss study) as the main factors and P (0, 8.7, and 17.4 kg P ha−1) and K (0, 33, and 66 kg K ha−1) levels as subplots. Bermudagrass HA increased linearly (up to 377% in Year 3) as K level increased. Similarly, K fertilization increased limpograss HA from 8.4 to 11.6 Mg ha−1 in 2013 and from 5.8 to 15.7 Mg ha−1 in 2014 as K levels increased from 0 to 66 kg K ha−1; however, no effect was observed in 2012. Bermudagrass HA and ground cover decreased from 2012 to 2014 in all K treatments. Conversely, decreases in limpograss HA and ground cover over time were observed only in the control (no K) treatments. Bermudagrass and limpograss crude protein concentrations generally decreased with increased K level. No effects of N or P were observed. Continuous aboveground removal without proper K fertilization is detrimental to bermudagrass and limpograss production and persistence.
Assessment of a Danish sludge treatment reed bed system and a stockpile area, using substance flow analysis
Authors: Larsen Julie D. , Nielsen Steen M. , Scheutz Charlotte
Published: June 2017

Sludge treatment reed bed (STRB) systems combine dewatering, stabilisation and long-term storage of sludge. The main objective of this study was to investigate how substance concentrations change in the sludge residue during treatment and to conduct substance flow analyses covering the flow of substances in an STRB system over a 12-year treatment period, followed by three months' post-treatment in a stockpile area (SPA). Samples of sludge, reject water and sludge residue of different ages were collected at two Danish STRB system facilities and analysed for content of relevant substances. Concentrations of carbon and nitrogen in the sludge residue residing in an STRB system changed as a function of treatment time, mainly due to mineralisation; only a negligible part was lost to reject water. Considering metals and phosphorus, the main share was accumulated in the sludge residue; only minor fractions were lost to mineralisation or reject water. Post-treatment in an SPA resulted in an increase in dry matter content from 24% to 32%. After treatment, the concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper and chromium) in the sludge residue met the threshold values stated by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency and the EU.
ETiK-International Warszawa. Historia badania, problemy badawcze i analiza wyników
Authors: Stępkowski Dariusz , Ivanov Stanislav , Ksionek Anna
Published: June 2017

Głównym zamierzeniem badania ETiK-International przeprowadzonego w 2014 roku w wybranych gimnazjach Warszawy i województwa mazowieckiego było sprawdzenie, czy i w jakim stopniu lekcje etyki stanowią odrębną domenę szkolnego nauczania i uczenia się oraz jakie wyniki osiągają w tym przedmiocie polscy uczniowie w porównaniu z ich niemieckimi i austriackimi rówieśnikami. Niestety nie udało się w pełni zrealizować tego zamierzenia badawczego.Artykuł składa się z trzech rozdziałów. W pierwszym zostanie zrekonstruowany powrót lekcji religii do szkół publicznych w Polsce i związane z nim ustanowienie etyki przedmiotem alternatywnym. Następnie omówione zostaną bezowocne starania o przeprowadzenie ogólnopolskiego badania ETiK. Na zakończenie zaś, w trzecim rozdziale, zostanie scharakteryzowane wspomniane na wstępie badanie ETiK-International, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zastosowanego w nim narzędzia, podjętych problemów badawczych i uzyskanych wyników.
ETiK-International Wiedeń. Problemy badawcze, przeprowadzone badanie i analiza wyników
Authors: Ritzer Georg , Breinbauer Ines Maria , Schluss Henning , Krobath Thomas
Published: June 2017

Etyka w Austrii, podobnie jak w większości krajów Europy, ma w publicznym systemie edukacji szkolnej status przedmiotu alternatywnego wobec religii. Mimo że stan taki trwa od ponad dwóch dziesiątek lat, brakuje woli politycznej i społecznej, żeby go zmienić. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano badanie ETiK-International, które zostało przeprowadzone w Wiedniu w 2014 roku przez zespół złożony z naukowców pochodzących z Wiener Univerisität i Kirchliche Pädagogische Hochschule Wien/Krems.Artykuł składa się z czterech rozdziałów. W pierwszym scharakteryzowano prawne i społeczno-kulturowe determinanty prowadzenia lekcji etyki i religii w Austrii. W drugim rozdziale zaprezentowano problemy badawcze podjęte w przeprowadzonym badaniu ETiK-International. W dwóch kolejnych omówiono wyniki ilościowe (rozdział trzeci) i jakościowe (rozdział czwarty), jakie uzyskano w 11 wybranych wiedeńskich szkołach średnich.
ETiK-International Szanghaj. Zamierzenie badawcze i raport z konstruowania zadań testowych dostosowanych do kontekstu chińskiego
Authors: Peng Zhengmei , Peng Tao
Published: June 2017

W Szanghaju powstał zespół naukowców, którzy podjęli się przygotowania i przeprowadzenia w Chinach badania ETiK-International. W tym artykule opisano genezę powstania zespołu i jego dotychczasowe działania w celu przygotowania realizacji zamierzenia badawczego. Obszernie opisano pracę nad modyfikacją zadań testowych i dostosowaniem ich do chińskiego kontekstu społeczno-kulturowego.
Wstępna międzynarodowa walidacja Testu Kompetencji Moralno-Etycznej Piętnastolatków
Authors: Ivanov Stanislav
Published: June 2017

Głównym narzędziem stosowanym w międzynarodowym badaniu ETiK-International jest Test Kompetencji Moralno-Etycznej Piętnastolatków (TKM-EP), opracowany w trakcie realizacji berlińskiego projektu ETiK. W tym artykule podjęto próbę porównania danych zgromadzonych w ramach projektu ETiK i w badaniach ETiK-International w Warszawie i Wiedniu. W wyniku walidacji okazało się, że narzędzie to z powodzeniem może służyć nie tylko do określenia kompetencji moralno-etycznej uczniów, lecz również efektywności nauczania szkolnego.
O potrzebie etyki w pedagogice
Authors: Magier Piotr
Published: June 2017

Przedmiotem artykułu jest relacja między pedagogiką a etyką. Artykuł ma charakter analityczny oraz metateoretyczny. Celem artykułu jest uzasadnienie tezy o potrzebie systemowej obecności etyki w pedagogice. Zdaniem autora jej brak prowadzi do degeneracji pedagogiki jako nauki w jej aspekcie (poziomie) normatywnym. Sformułowaną tezę autor uznaje za istotną w kontekście dyskusji dotyczących naukowego statusu pedagogiki, zwłaszcza jej humanistycznej specyfiki oraz upowszechniania się naturalistycznego paradygmatu nauki.
Ważność etyki normatywnej dla kształtowania kultury moralnej młodego pokolenia. Refleksja w świetle nauczania Karola Wojtyły – św. Jana Pawła II i jego uczniów
Authors: Sztaba Mariusz
Published: June 2017

Jan Paweł II przypomniał w siedzibie UNESCO w Paryżu dnia 2 czerwca 1980 roku, że kultura moralna jest pierwszym i podstawowym wymiarem każdej autentycznej kultury będącej „właściwym kształtem życia człowieka jako takiego”. Młody człowiek powinien nabywać kulturę moralną m.in. na drodze edukacji, tzn. kształcenia i wychowania. Ważnym elementem w tej pracy jest etyczny namysł nad życiem i działaniem człowieka. Jednak nie każda etyka (model etyczny, kierunek etyczny) służy wspomnianemu procesowi. Proponowany artykuł prezentuje główne idee etyki normatywnej w odniesieniu do kultury moralnej w myśli filozoficzno-teologicznej Karola Wojtyły – św. Jana Pawła II.
Prosocial moral reasoning and behaviours: the role of ethics education
Authors: Brestovanský Martin
Published: June 2017

The relationship between students´ evaluation of the school subject Ethics Education and students´ type of prosocial moral reasoning and behaviours is described in the study. Prosocial moral reasoning, prosocial behaviour in the school questionnaire, and our own Ethics Education evaluation measure was used in the study. Research sample included students of 6th grades of 26 primary schools from the western part of Slovakia: 579 participants (49,7% female, Mage = 11,27; SD = .71). There is evidence which supports the idea that the positive attitude to Ethics Education is linked to developmentally higher types of reasoning and higher prevalence of prosocial behaviours.
Poradnictwo zawodowe z perspektywy poradoznawstwa i ekopolityki
Authors: Kargulowa Alicja
Published: June 2017

Badania nad poradnictwem zawodowym mają zróżnicowany charakter i wykorzystują różną metodologię, zależnie od przyjętej perspektywy i zainteresowań poznawczych badacza. W tym tekście przytoczony został ekologiczny punkt widzenia, pojawiający się w krytycznych badaniach poradoznawczych. Koncepcje poradnictwa zawodowego powiązane z ekologią są tu omówione z podziałem na podejście konstruktywistyczne i konstrukcjonistyczne. Przywołane zostały poglądy wyrażane przez badaczy skupionych w takich grupach, jak poradnictwo w konstruowaniu życia (life designing) i model integracyjny ISM, oraz koncepcje pojedynczych autorów określane jako poradnictwo socjodynamiczne i zielone poradnictwo.
W trosce o świadomość ekologiczną społeczeństwa XXI wieku
Authors: Wolter Edyta
Published: June 2017

Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie znaczenia kształtowania świadomości ekologicznej społeczeństwa żyjącego w uwarunkowaniach kultury postindustrialnej, społeczeństwa wiedzy – na przykładzie zaleceń Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych do spraw Oświaty, Nauki i Kultury (UNESCO), Unii Europejskiej oraz Kościoła katolickiego. Artykuł ma strukturę problemową. Bazę źródłową stanowią źródła drukowane Polskiego Komitetu do spraw UNESCO („Biuletyn Polskiego Komitetu ds. UNESCO”), Komisji Europejskiej oraz dotyczące myśli społecznej Kościoła katolickiego.
Zachowania prozdrowotne młodzieży - raport z badań wstępnych prowadzonych przez studentów – przyszłych nauczycieli
Authors: Czerwiec Karolina , Jancarz-Łanczkowska Beata , Potyrała Katarzyna
Published: June 2017

Zrównoważony rozwój społeczeństw w dużej mierze zależy od realizacji koncepcji kształcenia w obszarze poszanowania i ochrony zdrowia człowieka. Współczesna edukacja powiązana jest ze zmianami w podejściu do wiedzy szkolnej i społecznej. Jednym z elementów tej wiedzy jest kształtowanie odpowiedzialności za zdrowie swoje i innych (Potyrała 2011). Dlatego przy pomocy arkuszy obserwacji wypełnianych przez studentów biologii – przyszłych nauczycieli – przeprowadzono badania na terenie kilkudziesięciu szkół gimnazjalnych i ponadgimnazjalnych. Ich celem była analiza zachowań prozdrowotnych uczniów oraz realizacji zasad edukacji zdrowotnej przez szkoły. Włączenie do przebiegu praktyki pedagogicznej prowadzenia badań miało na celu rozwijanie u studentów kompetencji w zakresie obserwacji wybranych obszarów działalności szkoły. Analiza danych dotyczących realizacji idei zrównoważonego rozwoju w obszarze ochrony zdrowia uczniów w gimnazjach i liceach ogólnokształcących dostarczyła informacji, że świadomość prozdrowotna w polskich szkołach wzrasta, a zaangażowanie nauczycieli i uczniów w działania na rzecz zdrowia (higieny, odpowiedniego żywienia, aktywności fizycznej) jest coraz większe i bardziej wielostronne.