bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Use In Critically Ill Children
Authors: Jutras Camille , Robitaille Nancy , Sauthier Michael , Du Pont-Thibodeau Geneviève , Lacroix Jacques , Trottier Helen , Zarynchansky Ryan , Tucci Marisa
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The use of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) has increased significantly in the last decade causing challenges for blood suppliers to respond to the demand. Indications for which IVIG infusion should be given to critically ill children remain unclear. The objective of this study is to characterize the epidemiology of IVIG use in this population.
Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of all patients aged between 3 days and 18 years who received at least one IVIG infusion while hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit of the Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montréal Quebec (Canada) between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018.
Results: One hundred and seventy-two patients received a total of 342 IVIG infusions over the study period. Most common indications for IVIG infusions were staphylococcal or streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (n=53/342, 15.5%), immunoglobulin replacement in chylothorax (n=37/342, 10.9%), prophylaxis following bone marrow transplantation (n=31/342, 9.1%), myocarditis (n=25/342, 7.3%) and post-solid organ transplant complications (n=21/342, 6.1%). The median dose of IVIG per infusion was 0.95 g/kg (IQR 0.5-1.0) and median number of IVIG infusions per patient was one (IQR: 1-2). Seventy-nine percent of IVIG infusions given were administrated for off-label indications with regards to Health Canada recommendations.
Conclusion: This study identified the most common indications for IVIG infusion in critically ill children in a tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit. Given the costs, the known adverse events associated with IVIG and the pressure that blood suppliers are facing to meet the demands, clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IVIG in conditions where use is significant.
Physician Scientists Of Yesterday, Today And Tomorrow
Authors: Kirkpatrick Ryan H. , Boyd J. Gordon
Published: October 2021

While the separate roles of physicians and scientists are well defined, the role of a physician scientist is broad and variable. In today’s society, physician scientists are seen as a hybrid between the two fields and they are, therefore, expected to be key to the translation of biomedical research into clinical care. This article offers a narrative review on physician scientists and endeavours to answer whether there is an ongoing need for physician scientists today. The historical role of physician scientists is discussed and compared with physician scientists of the 21st century. Fundamental differences and similarities between the separate roles of physicians and scientists are examined as well as the current state of bench to bedside research. Finally, the ability of 21st century physician scientists to impact their respective medical and scientific fields in comparison to non-physician scientists will be discussed. This paper speculates as to why numbers of physician scientists are dwindling and uses the COVID-19 pandemic as an example of rapid translational research. Ultimately, we suggest that physician scientists are important and may have the most impact on their field by working to connect bedside and bench rather than simply working separately in the bedside and bench. To do this, physician scientists may need to lead clinical research teams composed of individuals from diverse training backgrounds.
Identification Of Putative Gene Signatures Associated With Diagnosis And Prognosis Of Breast Cancer
Authors: Tan Chao , Zuo Fang , Lu Mingqian , Chen Sai , Tian Zhenzhen , Hu Yong
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomakers for the development ofbreast cancer (BC).
Methods: GSE86374 dataset containing 159 samples was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database followed by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identification and cluster analysis. Corresponding functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed to identify hub genes. Prognostic evaluation using clinical information obtained from TCGA database and hub genes was conducted to screen for crucial indicators for BC progression. The risk model was established and validated.
Results: In total, 186 DEGs were identified and grouped into four clusters: 96 in cluster 1; 69 in cluster 2; 16 in  cluster 3; and 5 in cluster 4. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs, including ADH1B in cluster 1,  were dramatically enriched in the tyrosine and drug metabolism pathways, while genes in cluster 2, including  SPP1 and RRM2, played crucial roles in PI3K-Akt and p53 signalling pathway. SPP1 and RRM2 served as hub  genes in the PPI network, resulting in an support vector machine classifier with good accuracy and specificity.Ad ditionally, the results of prognostic analysis suggest that age, metastasis stage, SPP1 and ADH1B were correlated with risk of BC, which was validated by using the established risk model analysis.
Conclusion: SPP1, RRM2 and ADH1B appear to play vital roles in the development of BC. Age and TNM stage  were also preferentially associated with risk of developing BC. Evaluation of the risk model based on larger sample size and further experimental validation are required.
Measurement Error and the Distribution of Income
Authors: Israelsen L. Dwight , McDonald James B.
Published: October 2021

Measurement error can impact estimator precision, obscure estimated relationships between variables, and distort the estimated inter-temporal behaviour of important economic characteristics. A model for measurement error is presented, based on the common assumption that measured income is the product of true income and multiplicative measurement error which is distributed independently of the level of true income. Flexible parametric forms are utilized to model the distributions of true income (generalized gamma) and measurement error (inversed generalized gamma). The corresponding probability density of measures income is shown to be a generalized beta of the second kind (GB2) which can be estimated using MLE. An identification problem is solved with additional information as to the average function of true income reported. The procedure is applied to income data from several Latin American economies. It is found, in some cases, that true and measured income inequality move in opposite directions over time. This finding has important implications for the evaluation of policies designed to affect relative equality in the distribution of income and underscores the importance of obtaining accurate data.
Implicit Rents from Own-housing and Income Distribution: Econometric Estimates for Greater Buenos Aires
Authors: Gasparini Leonardo , Escudero Walter Sosa
Published: October 2021

Most income studies do not take into account the implicit rent obtained by households who inhabit their own dwellings, a fact that introduces a potentially relevant bias in inequality, poverty, and welfare measures. In this paper we estimate these implicit rents for the Greater Buenos Aires area from Argentina's National Household Expenditures Survey (ENGH) of 1996-1997. Based on a sample of households that rent their dwellings, quantile regressions are used to estimate observed rents from a hedonic model. Estimated coefficients are applied to households that do not rent their houses or apartments in order to predict the implicit rents derived from living in an owned house. Estimated implicit rents are added to the notion of household income and various inequality measures are re-estimated. We find that the consideration of these implicit rents reduces inequality due to an income elasticity in spending in housing less than one, and to the relatively large proportion of house owners in the lower strata of income distribution.
Recent Trends in U.S. Earnings Inequality by Gender
Authors: Jacobsen Joyce P.
Published: October 2021

This paper presents an overview of recent trends in U.S. earnings inequality with a focus on gender differences. Data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 Censuses are used. Earnings and per capita household income inequality measures have risen from 1980 to 2000, both overall and among women and men separately. Theil index decompositions illustrate that within-gender inequality is rising. Simulations that treat women “more like men” in the labor market raise women’s earnings relative to men but also have the effect of increasing within-gender inequality for women.
Wages, Prices, the Natural Wage and Income Distribution
Authors: Gutman Peter M.
Published: October 2021

In a world of oligopoly and monopolistic competition, prices are essentially set using a markup principle. Real wages are money wages divided by average price level, which depends on average markup level. In the short run, as markups and real wages change when expectations are not correct, income distribution changes. The natural real wage is the real wage at full employment (natural rate of unemployment NAIRU). Even without economic growth the natural real wage, hence income distribution, can change. With economic growth, the natural real wage occurs at: lower rates of unemployment in dynamic societies; higher rates of unemployment in sluggish societies.
Minor Concentration Ratios for the Bounds of the Gini Index
Authors: Ogwang Tomson
Published: October 2021

The minor concentration ratio is used to supplement the Gini index in income distribution studies. The appeal of the minor concentration ratio stems form the fact that it examines the relative position of the “poor”, an important focus group in the analysis of income distributions. In this note, minor concentration ratios associated with the lower and upper bounds of the Gini index are derived based on the observed points of the Lorenz curve. When the two minor concentration ratios are computed using grouped data for the United States, they turn out to be fairly close.
The Relationship Among Poverty, Economic Growth, and Inequality Revisited
Authors: Stevans Lonnie K. , Sessions David N.
Published: October 2021

It has been shown in prior research that increased economic growth
reduces poverty. Authors have also found that the effect of growth in
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on poverty growth has either diminished
or remained unchanged over time, and economic expansion in
the 1980s in the United States had no affect on poverty. Using a formal
error-correction model, we find that increases in economic growth
are significantly related to reductions in the poverty rate for all families.
Specifically, GDP growth was found to have a more pronounced
effect on poverty during the expansionary periods of the 1960s, 1970s,
1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. Other findings include identification of determinants
of the dynamic behavior of poverty rates both in the yearto-
year periods and over the long run.
Economic Gains from Educational Transfers in Kind in Germany
Authors: Frick Joachim R. , Grabka Markus M. , Groh-Samberg Olaf
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to estimate non-monetary income advantages arising from publicly provided education and to analyze their impact on the income distribution and on economic inequality in Germany. Using representative micro-data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and taking into consideration regional and education-specific variation, the overall result is an expected leveling effect from a simple cross-sectional perspective. However, approximating the accumulating effects over the life course within a regression framework -- and controlling for selectivity arising from having children as potential beneficiaries of educational transfers -- we find evidence of a reinforcement of social inequalities from an intergenerational perspective, especially through public funding to non-compulsory education.
Modelling Income Using the Generalised Lambda
Distribution
Authors: Haridas Haritha N. , Nair N. Unnikrishnan , Nair K.R. Muraleedharan
Published: October 2021

In the present article we propose the generalised lambda distribution
as a model for income data. The quantile measures of location,
dispersion, skewness, and kurtosis of the distribution are matched
against the corresponding measures derived from the sample to estimate
the parameters of the model. It is shown that the distribution
provides reasonable fit to real data. Some properties of the model,
including measures of income inequality, are also discussed in the article.
Comparison of the generalised lambda distribution fits with other
models is made.
Models for Measured Income
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees , Kotz Samuel
Published: October 2021

Measurement error can impact estimator precision, obscure estimated
relationships between variables, and distort the estimated intertemporal
behavior of important economic characteristics. A commonly
known model for measurement error assumes that measured income is
the product of true income and a multiplicative measurement error,
which is distributed independently of the level of true income. Based
on this model, we derive a collection of flexible parametric forms for
the distribution of measured income. We feel that this work could serve
as an important reference for measurement error modeling.
Combining the dynamics of Poverty and Deprivation
Authors: Perez-Mayo Jesus
Published: October 2021

This paper analyses the evolution of poverty and deprivation. Besides, the study is focused on “consistent poverty”, defined as the combination of income and living conditions. In the poverty literature, other papers show high exit and re-entry rates depending on temporary income shocks. These conclusions are tested in the case of deprivation and consistent poverty by using latent and mixed Markov models.

This study is based on the ECHP data for Spain (1994-2001)
A Unified Approach to Economic Dominance and Inequality Measures
using a General Transformation Function
Authors: Ghosh Subir
Published: October 2021

We present three generalized, empirical, economic inequality definitions
for the empirical dominance of the income distribution of Population
1 over that of Population 2 with respect to their n-person economy
in terms of a general transformation function G. These definitions
are based on the generalized gaps using the general G function instead
of the standard gaps, to achieve greater flexibility and higher generality
in performing many comparisions between Populations 1 and 2, in
terms of the mean as well as the variance, geometric mean, median,
and range. This article provides a unified approach to various dominance
concepts and inequality measures. This unification is achieved
through the transformation function G. We study the effects of the economic
inequality definitions on location and dispersion of the income
distribution. Log-normal, log-skew-normal, and Pareto distributions
are considered in this study.
An Econometric Analysis of the Links Between Income Inequality
and Economic Growth
Authors: Hailu Yohannes G. , Gebremedhin Tesfa G. , Jackson Randall W.
Published: October 2021

This study investigates temporal demographic changes and income
inequalities, and more importantly the relationship between income inequality
and economic growth inWest Virginia. Departing from earlier
studies, a regional growth model is utilized and empirically tested using
county level West Virginia data (1990-2000). Results suggest that
per-capita income change is positively related to population and employment
changes but negatively related to income inequality. This
empirical evidence indicates that higher income inequality can potentially
hinder economic growth.
New Look at the Economic Well-Being of the Elderly in the
United States, 1989-2001
Authors: Wolff Edward , Zacharias Ajit
Published: October 2021

We examine the economic well-being of the elderly, using the Levy
Institute Measure of EconomicWell-Being (LIMEW). The LIMEW is
a comprehensive measure that incorporates broader definitions of income,
from wealth, government expenditures, and taxes, than standard
income and also includes the value of household production. We find
that the elderly are much better off relative to the non-elderly according
to the LIMEW than according to the money income or the Census
Bureau’s “Extended Income” (EI) concept. The main reason is the
much higher income from wealth and net government expenditures
for the elderly than for the non-elderly. Both mean and median measures
of the LIMEW also grew much faster for the elderly than for the
non-elderly over the period 1989-2001. In contrast, growth rates of
money income were actually greater for the non-elderly than for the
elderly over this period. We also find that the degree of inequality in
the LIMEW is substantially higher among the elderly than among the
non-elderly. In contrast, inequality in EI is virtually identical between
the two groups. Inequality in the LIMEW grew for both the elderly
and the non-elderly, while the inequality in EI (as well as in standard
money income) grew only for the latter group.
Factors associated to poverty mobility in Greater Buenos Aries
Authors: Beccaria Luis , Maurizio Roxana
Published: October 2021

Argentina constitutes an interesting case to be analyzed because during the 1990s, it achieved high rates of growth jointly with significant increases in unemployment and poverty. This document studies the dynamics of Argentine poverty between 1991 and 2003, analyzing the impact of different events that are associated with entries and exits into poverty. The effect of inflation is also identified. Data of the Argentine household survey is employed, and the methodology includes a correction for attrition. Episodes related to the labor market proved to be the most important, as they were more frequent and had an important impact on incomes. Demographic events were scarcely relevant.
Income Inequality and Job Satisfaction of Full-Time Employees in Germany
Authors: Wunder Christoph , Schwarze Johannes
Published: October 2021

Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), it is shown that income comparisons with persons who are better off has a clear impact on the job satisfaction of West German full-time employees. Two contrary effects can be identified. On the one hand, there is an aversion to disadvantageous regional income inequality, while, on the other hand, individuals prefer inequality within their occupational group. The two effects are interpreted as envy and an information (or ‘tunnel’) effect, respectively. The analysis of income comparison with persons who are worse off suggests a prestige effect. However, downward comparison is of minor importance for job satisfaction.
Labor Supply Decisions, Occupational Segregation, and
Intergenerational Income Mobility – Germany and the United States
Compared
Authors: Eberharter Veronika
Published: October 2021

The article directs attention to the structuring effects of humancapital
variables and family-background characteristics on labor supply
decisions, occupational segregation, and intergenerational income
mobility in the United States and Germany - two countries with different
institutional labor market settings and family role patterns. The
article tests the hypothesis that the impact of family-background characteristics
on labor supply decisions, sex or gender segregation, and
intergenerational transmission of social and economic status is more
expressed in societies with traditional role patterns. Using data from
the international version of the Cross-National Equivalent File (PSIDGSOEP),
the results of the static labor supply model show that gender
and education significantly determine the individual labor market participation
in both the countries. Occupational gender segregation is
more pronounced in Germany than in the United States. The contribution
of the occupational groups to total gender segregation differs
by country but not by marital status. We find stronger evidence for
the impact of individual- and family-background characteristics on the
intergenerational heritage of social status in the United States than in
Germany.
Would a Legal Minimum Wage Reduce Poverty? A Micro-simulation
Study for Germany
Authors: Müller Kai-Uwe , Steiner Viktor
Published: October 2021

In view of rising poverty rates, the introduction of a legal minimum
wage has become an important policy issue in Germany. We
analyze the distributional effects of a nationwide minimum wage of
7.50e per hour based on a micro-simulation model accounting for interactions
between wages, the tax-benefit system, and net household
incomes. Due to the existing system of means-tested income support,
the minimum wage would be ineffective in reducing poverty in the
overall population, although poverty among singles and families with
children or with a female household head would be slightly reduced.
Government Expenditures and the Growth-Inequality Trade-Off: The Swedish Case
Authors: Sala Hector , Roca-Sagalés Oriol
Published: October 2021

Sweden is one of the countries with the largest public fiscal intervention and narrowest income inequality in the world. This article investigates to what extent these two features are interconnected and whether economic growth affects and is affected by this relationship. Empirical results from vector auto-regression models reveal the existence of important long-run non-Keynesian effects (i.e., lessening fiscal expansions and, conversely, expansionary fiscal contractions) and significant downward effects of government expenditures on income inequality. The existence of a negative trade-off between growth and inequality is an important stylized fact which deserves close attention by policy makers.
Estimating Income Poverty and Inequality from the Gallup World Poll
Authors: Gasparini Leonardo , Glüzmann Pablo
Published: October 2021

This article takes advantage of a new source of information, the 2006 Gallup World
Poll, to estimate and characterize income poverty and inequality in Latin America
and the Caribbean (LAC) at the country level, and to compare LAC with other regions
in the world. The Gallup survey has the advantage of being conducted in over 130
nations with almost the same questionnaire; it stands as a complement to national
household surveys for international comparison purposes. Our results confirm that
Latin American countries are among the most unequal in the world, but we also find,
considered as a single unit, Latin America is less unequal than other regions.
Do Economic Inequalities Harm Health? Evidence from Europe
Authors: Etienne Jean-Michel , Skalli Ali , Theodossiou Ioannis
Published: October 2021

Using the European Community Household Panel (1994-2001), random effects models are estimated to assess the effect of income inequality on individuals' health. The individual's health status is measured by self assessment responses and by relatively objective measures of health. Country-level inequality measures are used after controlling for regional fixed effects. This implies that country level factors are the relevant approximations of individuals' reference groups. The results suggest that income inequality harms not only the health of the least well off but also the health of all individuals regardless of their position in the income distribution.
Assessing the Predictive Power of Vulnerability Measures: Evidence from Panel Data for Argentina and Chile
Authors: Bérgolo Marcelo , Cruces Guillermo , Ham Andrés
Published: October 2021

This article carries out a validation exercise of vulnerability measures as predictors of poverty at the aggregate and micro levels based on short and long term panel data for Argentina and Chile. It then compares their performance to that of deprivation indicators. The main findings indicate that while vulnerability measures are good predictors of poverty in the aggregate, the same does not occur at household level. These results imply that while useful, vulnerability estimates require incorporating shocks to attenuate biased estimates if they are to be used for targeting purposes.
Wage inequality on the rise: The role of workers’ characteristics
Authors: Alves Guillermo , Brum Matias , Yapor Mijail
Published: October 2021

Wage inequality has been the main driver of the rise in income inequality around the world in the last decades. The leading explanation has been the increasing returns to human capital, usually attributed to changing technology and globalization. This paper studies the rise in wage inequality in a small open economy. In contrast with popular explanations, our results highlight a strong and gradual inequalizing effect of changes in workers’ characteristics such as increased schooling and age, decline of public sector employment and contraction of employment in manufacturing in favor of services.
Informal Transfers in Comparisons of Income Distributions: Lessons from Rich and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Cai Yixia , Evans Martin
Published: October 2021

Developing countries rely more heavily on financial transfers between private households for economic welfare. Using data from three middle income and three high income countries in the Luxembourg Income Study Database, this paper examines the effects of such transfers on within country comparison of inequality. Deducting private transfer payments from disposable income increases inequality, but effects differ by the position of donor and receiving households in the distribution, by urban or rural location and by age of household members. We conclude that considering the role of private financial transfers is crucial to income inequality analysis.
Editorial
Authors: Checci Daniele , Gornick Janet
Published: October 2021

The articles included in this special issue of the Journal of Income Distribution are a selection of papers originally presented at the first LIS-LWS Users Conference, hosted by LIS, the cross-national data center in Luxembourg. The conference took place at the University of Luxembourg in Belval, Luxembourg, on April 27- 28, 2017. The submitted papers underwent a process of blind review, and this collection of five articles is the final outcome. Taken as a whole, these articles constitute an interesting overview of the ways in which the research community uses the LIS-LWS Databases, which provide researchers access to microdata on income and wealth, respectively.
Inequality and Growth: A Heterogeneous Approach
Authors: Grigoli Francesco , Paredes Evelio , Di Bella Gabriel
Published: October 2021

This article tests for cross-country convergence in income inequality and

estimates its impact on growth with a heterogeneous Panel Structural Vector

AutoRegression model, which addresses some empirical challenges plaguing

the literature. We find that income inequality is converging across countries,

and that its impact on growth is heterogeneous. While the median response of

real per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth to income inequality

shocks is negative and significant, at least one fourth of the sample presents a

positive effect. Also, we find evidence that improved institutional frameworks

can reduce the negative effect of income inequality on growth.
Fair Wages and Social Welfare
Authors: Helmedag Fritz
Published: October 2021

Based on considerations concerning justice, average and minimum wages as well as unemployment aid are determined. The derived guidelines refer to net product and reflect `reasonable' proportions between the income categories. Thus, deviations from the suggested principles may be classified as inappropriate.
A Labor Market Theory of Earnings Distribution
Authors: Parker Simon Charles
Published: October 2021

A simple theory of the labor market is presented in which the short end of the market sells. A flexible parameterisation of the theory yields an earnings distribution density function which is closely approximated by the well-known beta and gamma specifications. Apart from providing a theoretical rationale for these tractable and closefitting specifications, the theory suggests that the parameters of the beta distribution (this distribution encompassing the gamma as a special case) can be interpreted in terms of the structure of labor markets. This has implications for why earnings distributions take their commonly observed positive skew, as well as for wider issues including the relationship between employment and equality.
The Sensitivity Functional Forms of Earnings: Earnings Functions to Specification
Authors: Hirschberg Joseph G. , Slottje Daniel J.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of the latent component in the distribution of earnings. The distribution of earnings can be deconvoluted into a latent and an observable component. The observed component is generated by those measurable characteristics of the individual that are interpreted as indicators of productivity. The latent component is generated by misinformation, discrimination and ignorance on the part of the employer. In this paper we employ the distribution of the residuals of a series of Mincer type equations as the proxy for the distribution of the latent component in earnings. By using various specifications and by computing distributions across occupations we are able to remove the confounding influence of potential specification bias. The residuals are examined using the Bera-Jargue test for normality and Elderton’s Kappa criterion. The results are reported for 34 occupations using the 1990 CPS data.
A Labor Market Equilibrium Model of the Personal Distribution of Earnings
Authors: Creedy John , Lye J. N. , Martin V. L.
Published: October 2021

A model of the distribution of income is derived from a two market general equilibrium model consisting of a goods market and a labor market. The dynamics of income distributional changes as well as their stationary counterparts are also derived.
The Redistributive Effect of Direct Taxes: A Comparison of Six LIS Countries
Authors: Bishop John A. , Chow K. Victor , Formby John P.
Published: October 2021

The Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) is used to investigate the redistributive effects of direct taxes in six countries, Australia, Canada, Sweden, West Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. Two periods are considered and comparisons are made among countries at different points in time and within countries across time. Lorenz curves are adapted and used to make ordinal comparisons of two very general measures of tax progressivity- so called “residual” and “liability” progression. Newly developed statistical inference procedures allow us to take the sampling variability inherent in the LIS data into account.
The Effect of Anticipated and Unanticipated Inflation on Income Distribution: The Israeli Case
Authors: Silber J. , Zilderfarb B.Z.
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the distributional effects of inflation and unemployment in Israel. Unlike previous studies, it distinguishes between the effect of expected and unexpected inflation, arguing that the latter should have a stronger effect. The empirical results show that a deterioration in macroeconomic conditions (a rise in inflation and/or unemployment) reduces the income share of the lower half of Israeli households and increases the income share of the wealthiest 20 per cent. The effect of unanticipated inflation is found, indeed, to be 67 per cent stronger than that of expected inflation.
Structural Imbalances in Canadian Labor Markets
Authors: Gera S. , Rahman S. S. , Arcand J. L.
Published: October 2021

The nature of structural imbalances in the Canadian Labor market is identified by analyzing the relationship between unemployment and job vacancies. Three potential sources of imbalances are examined: (1) the regional nature of the Canadian economy; (2) the rise in the incidence of long-term unemployment (of 12 months or more); and (3) differences in the rate of growth of unemployment across industrial sectors. The major findings are: growing structural imbalances; an increase in long-term unemployment was the major cause of the shift in most cases; both inter-and intraregional effects played a significant role, but interregional disparities were the dominant factor; and the dispersion in employment growth rates across industrial sectors did not seem to play a role.
The Impact of Equity-driven Policy Measures of the Equity of the State
Authors: Backhaus J. G.
Published: October 2021

During the last decades, the idea that government can and should be an effective instrument for the attainment of social justice and other ideals dear to social economists has come under powerful attack. Sometimes the attack is doctrinaire, designating areas in which government should or should not intervene. In economics, this often is done in the tradition of identifying areas of ‘market-failure’. Sometimes the attack is fueled by the serious shortcomings of well-intentioned government action leading to poor results. Some economists have tried to identify these areas of poor government policy in terms of theory of governmental failure. In this paper, a different route is chosen. Building on traditional public finance theory, the concept of public equity is developed as a measuring rod with which to judge the outcomes of policies guided by considerations of social equity or justice.
MicroRNAs as monitoring markers for right-sided heart failure and congestive hepatopathy
Authors: Ionescu Ruxandra Florentina ,   Department of Cardiology I, Central Military Emergency University Hospital Dr. Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania, Cretoiu Sanda Maria ,   Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   *Corresponding Author: Sanda Maria Cretoiu, Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. E-mail: sanda@cretoiu.ro
Published: October 2021

The last decades showed a worrying increase in the evolution of cardiovascular diseases towards different stages of heart failure (HF), as a stigma of the western lifestyle. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), non-coding RNAs, which are approximately 22-nucleotide long, were shown to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of HF. miRNAs research is of high interest nowadays, as these molecules display mechanisms of action that can influence the course of evolution of common chronic diseases, including HF. The potential of post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs concerning the diagnosis, management, and therapy for HF represents a new promising approach in the accurate assessment of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to assess the current knowledge of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases, especially right-sided heart failure and hepatomegaly. Moreover, attention is focused on their role as potential molecular biomarkers and more promising aspects involving miRNAs as future therapeutic targets in the pathophysiology of HF.
Crime and Punishment in coplas of cante flamenco
Authors: Balmatova Tatiana Mikhailovna
Published: October 2021

The XXI century, marked by numerous achievements in various fields, became the time of systematic arrangement of not only cante flamenco, but the law enforcement agencies and procedures in Spain as well. These phenomena, which at first glance have no common ground, appear to be inextricably entwined, since in the folklore of Southern Spain are often mentioned the committed crimes and the imposed punishments. The object of this research is the coplas of cante flamencto that contain information about crimes against ethnic groups, prison conditions, family visits procedure, death penalty, correctional labor, physical punishment and other aspects of being in the penitentiary institutions of that time and interaction with the judicial and legal system. The subject of this research is the law enforcement and penitentiary practices in Spain of the XIX centuries. The texts of cante flamenco have not been translated into the Russian language; only some of them drew the attention of domestic researchers, which defines the relevance of conducting interdisciplinary research dedicated to the historical records on the judiciary, prisons and law enforcement practice in Spain of the XIX century, which were contained in coplas of cante flamenco. The goal of this article lies in determination of peculiarities of delivering information related to crimes and punishments in coplas of cante flamencto, and its correspondence to the historical realities of that time. The research is based on the cante flamento colletcions of A. Machado-Alvarez and M. Balmaceda published in 1881. It is established that the lyrics of flamenco songs accurately reflect the difficulties and flaws in various aspects of functionality of the judicial and legal system and penitentiary institutions during their integration into the state system.
Relación entre juego y autocuidado infantil
Authors: Guarín Carreño Dora Lucy , Ramírez C. Nury Constanza
Published: October 2021

Este es un estudio documental que se orienta, desde la revisión de literatura y opinión de expertos, a establecer y aclarar bajo la perspectiva de Terapia Ocupacional, si existe relación entre el juego y el autocuidado durante la infancia, por considerarse que en este periodo de desarrollo estas actividades son características y relevantes. El autocuidado, porque durante esta etapa se lleva a cabo el desarrollo y aprendizaje de las habilidades y comportamientos requeridos, y el juego, porque facilita la adquisición de capacidades y destrezas.
El juego, espacio natural para favorecer el desarrollo motor
Authors: Tobón de Awad Martha
Published: October 2021

El juego es la principal ocupación del niño. Por esto aprovecha cualquier situación para jugar. Al hacerlo aprende a manejar el mundo que le rodea y adquiere habilidades para interactuar con el ambiente. En la etapa escolar el énfasis del juego infantil está en las actividades de movimiento. Jugando, el niño ejercita sus patrones motores y les imprime coordinación y destreza. Además, recibe una gran variedad de estímulos sensoriales provenientes del ambiente. Estos estímulos favorecen el desarrollo del esquema corporal, la organización del espacio y la base postural. Por estos motivos puede ser útil ofrecer a maestros alternativas de enseñanza cuyo eje sea la actividad lúdica y aprovechar el espacio de la escuela para proponer programas de estimulación de las habilidades motoras en términos de juego.
Agenda educativa de Terapia Ocupacional para el tercer milenio
Authors: Trujillo Rojas Alicia
Published: October 2021

El propósito de este artículo es compartir con la comunidad de Terapia Ocupacional una agenda educativa urgente de promover, con el fin de que la profesión como conjunto pueda asumir los retos que le plantea el futuro. La presentación se centra en la concepción de la autora sobre ocho grandes temas cuyo desarrollo debe involucrar a todos los integrantes de la profesión. La intención de la propuesta es promover el auge de la Terapia Ocupacional: amplio cubrimiento nacional, desarrollo del conocimiento, calidad y especificidad profesional y validación social.
Calidad en los servicios de terapia ocupacional y guías de atención basadas en la evidencia
Authors: Fernández Moreno Aleida , García Ruiz Alix Solángel
Published: October 2021

Este artículo se basa en las consideraciones preliminares del Taller “Protocolos vs. guías de atención”, realizado en el marco del XI Congreso Nacional de Terapia Ocupacional. Incluye antecedentes y definiciones de calidad, elementos que garantizan la calidad, profesionalismo y calidad y guías de práctica basadas en la evidencia para servicios profesionales con calidad.
Una propuesta para la elaboración de guías de práctica basadas en la evidencia para terapia ocupacional
Authors: Fernández Moreno Aleida , García Ruiz Alix Solángel
Published: October 2021

Este documento presenta definiciones de guías de práctica basadas en la evidencia consideradas útiles para lograr servicios de calidad en Terapia Ocupacional que contribuyan al reconocimiento profesional en equipos interdisciplinarios. Se enfatiza en diferentes metodologías para el desarrollo de las guías, en particular la propuesta de Mary Egan et al (1998) relacionadas con la sistematización de la práctica profesional.
Programa para el desarrollo emocional de los niños preescolares
Authors: Amaya de Lee Mariluces , Restrepo de Franco Beatriz , De Prías Carmen Elisa , Lizarazo de Nempeque Ana Rosalba , Tobón de Awad Martha
Published: October 2021

La frecuente situación de egocentrismo, la falta de valores y violencia, que se vive en algunos lugares del mundo actual, ha llevado a varios autores a trabajar sobre la influencia que tiene el desarrollo emocional en la vida de las personas. En el Jardín Infantil Por un Mañana, se ha implementado un programa de desarrollo emocional, teniendo en cuenta la importancia del tema y la necesidad sentida de trabajarlo en nuestro país.

El programa se diseño siguiendo las pautas del Modelo de Pedagogía Participativa (Amaya, Lizarazo, y otros, 1997), el cuál se centra en el niño, aplicando acciones educativas que integran los saberes de la Pedagogía, la Terapia Ocupacional y la Fonoaudiologia. El programa se propone para la etapa pre-escolar y por lo tanto las estrategias y actividades están dirigidas a niños entre uno y medio y cinco años. Sin embargo se considera que los planteamientos son válidos para niños mayores, en cualquier grado escolar.

Se ha fundamentado en los planteamientos de los siquiatras Luis Carlos Restrepo y Daniel Goleman, Las sicólogas Ana María León, Lucia Pinto y Martha Rodríguez. Sus objetivos son: Facilitar y hacer amable al niño, el paso de la casa al colegio; desarrollar el conocimiento personal; propiciar el conocimiento del otro; favorecer el sentido de grupo; y enseñar a actuar democráticamente.
Pulsed Radiofrequency of Stellate Ganglion for Neuropathic Pain Associated with Recurrent Pleural Leiomyosarcoma - A Case Report
Authors: Murugesan Anand , Raghuraman M. S.
Published: October 2021

Pleural leiomyosarcomas are rare soft-tissue sarcomas. Neuropathic pain associated with such tumours can be quite debilitating. We present the case of a 62-year-old woman with chronic neuropathic pain refractory to pharmacologic interventions in association with recurrent pleural leiomyosarcoma. Pulsed radio-frequency of the stellate ganglion was performed after due consideration and planning as a palliative measure to provide pain relief. The patient was discharged the same day with pain score 0/10 and followed up for 3 years. The unique features of this case report are: (1) Different approach of the treatment modality and (2) longer follow-up.
Effects of paroxetine on biochemical parameters and reproductive function in male rats
Authors: Rachid Mosbah  , Aziez Chettoum  , Alberto Mantovani
Published: October 2021

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are a class of molecules used in treating depression, anxiety, and mood disorders. Paroxetine (PRT) is one of the most prescribed antidepressants, which has attracted great attention regarding its side effects in recent years.  This study was planned to assess the adverse effects of paroxetine on the biochemical parameters and reproductive system. Fourteen male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into two groups (7 rats for each): control and treated with paroxetine at a dose of 5mg/kg.bw for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from the retro-orbital plexus for measuring the biochemical parameters, whereas the reproductive organs were removed for measuring semen quality and the histological investigations. Results showed that paroxetine induced significant changes in some biochemical parameters and alteration of semen quality, including sperm count, spermatids number and sperm viability, motility and abnormalities. The histopathological examinations of testis and epididymis revealed an alteration of spermatogenesis, cellular disorganization and vacuolization, enlargement of interstitial space, shrinkage and degenerative changes in the epithelium of seminiferous and epididymal tubules with few to nil numbers of spermatozoa in their lumen. In conclusion, paroxetine treatment caused changes in some biochemical parameters and sperm profiles as well as histopathologic effects of reproductive organs.
Differential impact of a dyskeratosis congenita mutation in TPP1 on mouse hematopoiesis and germline
Authors: Graniel Jacqueline V , Bisht Kamlesh , Friedman Ann , White James , Perkey Eric , Vanderbeck Ashley , Moroz Alina , Carrington Léolène J , Brandstadter Joshua D , Allen Frederick , Shami Adrienne Niederriter , Thomas Peedikayil , Crayton Aniela , Manzor Mariel , Mychalowych Anna , Chase Jennifer , Hammoud Saher S , Keegan Catherine E , Maillard Ivan , Nandakumar Jayakrishnan
Published: October 2021

Telomerase extends chromosome ends in somatic and germline stem cells to ensure continued proliferation. Mutations in genes critical for telomerase function result in telomeropathies such as dyskeratosis congenita, frequently resulting in spontaneous bone marrow failure. A dyskeratosis congenita mutation in TPP1 (K170∆) that specifically compromises telomerase recruitment to telomeres is a valuable tool to evaluate telomerase-dependent telomere length maintenance in mice. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate a mouse knocked in for the equivalent of the TPP1 K170∆ mutation (TPP1 K82∆) and investigated both its hematopoietic and germline compartments in unprecedented detail. TPP1 K82∆ caused progressive telomere erosion with increasing generation number but did not induce steady-state hematopoietic defects. Strikingly, K82∆ caused mouse infertility, consistent with gross morphological defects in the testis and sperm, the appearance of dysfunctional seminiferous tubules, and a decrease in germ cells. Intriguingly, both TPP1 K82∆ mice and previously characterized telomerase knockout mice show no spontaneous bone marrow failure but rather succumb to infertility at steady-state. We speculate that telomere length maintenance contributes differently to the evolutionary fitness of humans and mice.
ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ СОПРЯЖЕНИЯ СТРАТЕГИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ И МАКРОРЕГИОНОВ СТРАН ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОЮЗА
Authors: Чернышов Михаил Михайлович
Published: October 2021

В настоящей статье содержится анализ методов оценки эффективности государственной региональной политики трех стран Евразийского экономического союза (Российской Федерации, Республики Белоруссь и Республики Казахстан), даны основанные на авторских научно-методических наработках предложения по совершенствованию методов оценки и выработке единых стандартов в этой сфере для стран ЕАЭС. Предметом исследования являются организационно-экономические связи, возникающие в процессе государственного управления региональным развитием в странах Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС). Цель работы: обоснование научных подходов и направлений выработки единой системы оценки эффективности государственной региональной политики для регионов и макрорегионов стран ЕАЭС. В работе использованы методы статистики, математического моделирования, системного анализа и синтеза. Результаты работы: на основе проведенного анализа выявлены положительные и отрицательные стороны действующих методик оценки эффективности государственной региональной политики Республики Беларусь (РБ), Республики Казахстан (РК) и Российской Федерации (РФ), обоснована необходимость совершенствования существующих систем оценок, даны предложения по сближению подходов к оценке эффективности государственной региональной политики стран ЕАЭС. Область применения результатов: могут быть использованы при разработке документов стратегического характера регионов и макрорегионов, мониторинге их реализации. В статье содержится 2 таблицы, 2 рисунка и 9 формул.