bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time Series Modeling of Road Traffic Crashes in Himalayan States of India
Authors: Yadav Bibek , Hossain Moazzem
Published: October 2022

Road Traffic Accidents in India are increasing at a high rate due to the large percentage of slow-moving vehicles and in absence of proper traffic management systems. In hilly regions, the road accident scenario is further gloomy due to narrow roads, steep slopes, hairpin bends, presence of a valley or river on one side of the roads. In a hilly location, there are various elements that contribute to accidents, and it's important to understand how these factors interact. Road crash time forecasting was done for accidents that happened over a three-year period. Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) models were applied to the collected data and an 84-month forecast was based made based on the fitted models. Based on the results of this study, the rate of road accidents is expected to decrease in Nagaland and Meghalaya while increases in Sikkim and Manipur constant for at least the next seven years. It was found that the incidence of road accidents in Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, and Jammu &Kashmir can be fitted ARIMA (0,1,1) (1,1,0) [12], ARIMA (0,1,1) (0,1,0) [12], ARIMA (0,1,1) (0,1,0) [12], ARIMA (0,1,1) (0,1,0) [12] and (0,1,1) (0,1,0) [12] respectively. Remedial measures are suggested for the implementation of improved better policies and close monitoring of road traffic systems. This study provides information that could be useful for determining road accident rates in those states and would be used for providing important information to extend awareness concerning road safety.
Process Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques Applied to Cement Industry
Authors: BENCHEKROUN MOHAMMED TOUM , ZAKI Smail , ABOUSSALEH MOHAMED
Published: October 2022

In the context of organizing the means of production, the heavy cement industry is following the new concept of Industry 4.0, which increases the efficiency of industrial processes and increases productivity through customization and flexibility, while reducing costs and energy consumption. To do this, it uses process prediction by operating the digital transformation through a 4.0 tool for monitoring and analyzing temperature and pressure in real time. This tool monitors temperature and pressure using sensors that transform the data into a computer platform for real-time analysis, and predicts failures according to a predictive model to remedy the problem of preheater cyclone blockages. This new technology reduces incidents and increases the life of equipment [1].
A comparative analysis of the risk factors of Malaria in Children under age of five years in Uganda and Kenya
Authors: Namawejje Hellen , Richard Kato , Atuhaire Leonard K.
Published: October 2022

The aim of study is to compare the risk factors of malaria in children under the age of five years old in Uganda and Kenya. Secondary data from the Uganda Malaria Indicator Survey 2014–2015 and Kenya Malaria Indicator Survey 2015 was used. A descriptive summary, Pearson chi-square test and logistic regression were used as methods of analysis. In Uganda, Children below five years old aged between 48 and 59 months were more likely to test positive for Malaria compared to those aged between 0 and 11 months (OR = 3.26; CI = 2.420–4.389). Similarly, in Kenya with (OR = 6.77; CI = 2.782–16.458). Also, in Uganda, the category of residence of the child had a significant association with the risk of malaria (OR = 2.25; CI = 1.453–3.498). In relation to region, in Uganda, children from East central region of Uganda (OR = 4.13; CI = 2.579–6.627), North east region of Uganda (OR = 2.15; CI = 1.364–3.387) and West Nile region (OR = 2.48; CI = 1.451–4.235) were more likely to have malaria compared to children from Central 1 while in Kenya, children from North Eastern (OR = 0.06; CI = 0.008–0.487) and Eastern (OR = 0.03; CI = 0.004–0.249) regions were less likely to experience malaria compared to children from Coast region. The study recommends that both Governments of Uganda and of Kenya through their respective Ministries of Health should intensify the health education programs specifically targeting pregnant women and mothers with children under five years of age to educate them on the measures for preventing malaria in children under five years
Quantification of the Therapeutic Antibody Ocrelizumab in Mouse Brain Interstitial Fluid by Cerebral Open Flow Microperfusion and Simultaneous Monitoring of the Blood Brain Barrier Integrity
Authors: Altendorfer-Kroath Thomas , Hummer Joanna , Kollmann Denise , Boulgaropoulos Beate , Raml Reingard , Birngruber Thomas
Published: October 2022

Background: Pharmacokinetic (PK) assessment of drugs in brain is especially challenging, as the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) impedes the access of substances to the brain. However, rising incidence of monoclonal antibodies as treatment option for diseases of the central nervous system makes continuous measurement of their brain PK profile with verifiably intact BBB increasingly relevant. Such measurements can be performed with continuous brain interstitial fluid (ISF) sampling techniques like e.g., cerebral open flow microperfusion (cOFM). Although cOFM has already provided antibody concentrations in brain ISF in a time-resolved manner, accurate time-resolved quantification of antibody in brain to record the PK profile requires continuous sampling over an extended period of time and knowledge on the BBB integrity for the respective study drug during the entire sampling period.
We thus aimed to absolutely quantify the therapeutic antibody ocrelizumab (OCR) in mouse brain ISF over 96 hours, and to record its PK profile. OCR, with a target on human CD20+ B-cells, was selected as study drug. We also aimed to monitor the BBB integrity during the entire study duration using an endogenous antibody as tracer with similar molecular size as OCR.
Methods: Direct and absolute OCR quantification was performed using cOFM combined with the quantification protocol Zero Flow Rate, and data were corrected with the cOFM probe´s in vivo relative recovery. For PK profile recording the cOFM samples were collected bi-hourly, and brain tissue and plasma at the end of the sampling period. BBB monitoring was performed simultaneously during the entire PK profile recording using the endogenous mIgG1. This study was performed in male C57Bl/6 mice.
Results: We directly, absolutely quantified OCR, and reliably recorded its brain PK profile over 96 hours. BBB integrity was sustained during the entire study.
Conclusions: Results demonstrated that cOFM is able to accurately, absolutely quantify OCR in brain ISF and to record its brain PK profile over a prolonged duration with verifiably intact BBB. Our data provide the basis for reliable PK assessment of therapeutic antibodies in brain, which is likely to promote the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to treat neurological diseases.
Strong impacts of lianas on tree allometry lead to overestimation of tropical forest carbon stocks and sink
Authors: Moorthy Sruthi M. Krishna , Meunier Felicien , Calders Kim , Aguilar Antonio , Pausenberger Nancy , Schnitzer Stefan A. , Visser Marco D. , Muller-Landau Helene , Verbeeck Hans
Published: October 2022

Lianas are quintessential components of tropical forests competing strongly with trees for resources. Yet, their role in the structure and functioning of forests is rarely studied. Here, we investigate the impact of lianas on the carbon stocks and sink potential of an intact moist tropical forest in Panama using 3D terrestrial laser scanning. We find that liana-infested trees are significantly shorter with smaller crown areas, thereby resulting in a significant liana-induced reduction in stand-level carbon stocks (5.3%) and coarse woody productivity (24.5%). The widely used pantropical allometric model overestimates the carbon stocks by 10% and underestimates the liana impact on woody productivity by 1.5% at the study site with current infestation level. Increasing liana abundance across Neotropics will further worsen this impact. We show that by ignoring liana impact in carbon estimation, we are currently overestimating the potential of nature-based climate solutions to lock up atmospheric carbon.
Mechanism analysis and modelling of surface roughness for CeO2 slurry assisted grinding of BK7 optics considering both particle size and mass fraction
Authors: Zhang Xianpeng , Yao Peng , Li Yueming , Jiang Long , Jin Xiyong , Xu Jimiao , Liang Shitong , Zhu Jiahao , Huang Chuanzhen , Zhu Hongtao , Liu Hanlian
Published: October 2022

Prolonged polishing deteriorates the shape accuracy of an optical element and reduces production efficiency simultaneously. In order to reduce the amount of polishing and polishing time, even obtain polish-free fine surfaces, a cerium oxide (CeO2) slurry assisted grinding (SAG) is investigated. A novel theoretical model was established to predict the surface roughness of the workpiece processed by CeO2 SAG. The modelling considered the effects of the protrusion height of active grains in the grinding wheel and the sizes and mass fractions of CeO2 particles in the grinding zone on undeformed chip thickness (UCT). Then, the mechanism of CeO2 SAG was investigated through nanoindentation method. Indentation hardness and energy spectrum of the surface were estimated to verify the softened layer. The results showed that the model of surface roughness was well consistent with the experiment. The CeO2 particle size significantly influenced on the surface roughness than the mass fraction. The load-bearing effect of larger CeO2 particle size reduced the protruding height of the grinding wheel grains and reduced the UCT to a greater extent in grinding process. The chemical reaction between CeO2 slurry and BK7 glass results in a softening layer which enhances the critical load and critical depth of ductile-brittle transition of grinding. Finally, the optimized parameters were used for CeO2 SAG of an ellipsoid BK7 optics.
Sorption of long-lived 94Nb on magnetite: Spectroscopic and electrochemical investigation of the associated mechanism
Authors: Ghosh M , Yadav AK , Debnath AK , Dey MK , Swain KK
Published: October 2022

94Nb is a long-lived radioisotope generated upon neutron irradiation of Zr-Nb pressure tube in natural uranium fueled pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWR). The discharged pressure tubes are generally stored in deep tile holes with a concrete cap. Contact of ground water with radioactive waste may lead to leaching and migration of 94Nb, which may create long-term radiological impact. Therefore, a sorption study of 94Nb on magnetite was carried out in the pH range of 1–10, both in aerobic and anaerobic conditions to understand its effect on the mobility of the radionuclide. The sorption mechanism of 94Nb on magnetite and the role of Fe(II) site were investigated using classical (solvent extraction), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and the spectroscopic techniques (X-ray photoelectron, X-ray absorption spectroscopy). Insignificant difference in the sorption pattern and percentage sorption was observed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, suggesting similar sorption mechanism in both the conditions. The oxidation states of Nb and Fe of magnetite remain unchanged after sorption process. In acidic pH condition, the sorption mainly occurs via ion exchange phenomenon whereas in neutral/ basic medium Nb may be coordinated with magnetite via covalent bond formation. The study is important to understand the sorption mechanism of 94Nb on magnetite, which is essential to predict the migration behaviour of 94Nb as well as the retarding effect of magnetite in natural aquatic environment.
Synthesis versus Salvage of Ester- and Ether-linked Phosphatidylethanolamine in the Intracellular Protozoan Pathogen Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Gupta Nishith , Ren Bingjian , Liang Xiaohan , Brouwers Jos , shen Bang
Published: October 2022

Toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent zoonotic pathogen infecting livestock as well as humans. The exceptional ability of this parasite to reproduce in several types of nucleated host cells necessitates a coordinated usage of endogenous and host-derived nutritional resources for membrane biogenesis. Phosphatidylethanolamine is the second abundant phospholipid in T. gondii, but how its requirement in the acutely-infectious and fast-dividing tachyzoite stage is satisfied remains enigmatic. This work reveals that the parasite deploys de novo synthesis and salvage pathways to pacify its demand for ester- and ether-linked PtdEtn, respectively. Auxin-mediated depletion of the phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (ECT) caused a lethal phenotype in tachyzoites due to impaired invasion and cell division, disclosing a vital role of the CDP-ethanolamine pathway during the lytic cycle. In accord, the inner membrane complex and mitochondrion were disrupted concurrent with a decline in major phospholipids. Not least, integrated lipidomics and stable isotope analyses of the TgECT mutant unveiled the endogenous synthesis of ester-PtdEtn, and salvage of ether-linked lipids from host cells. In brief, this study demonstrates how T. gondii operates various means to produce distinct forms of PtdEtn while featuring the therapeutic relevance of its de novo synthesis.
Effectiveness of Anti-Erythropoietin Producing Hepatocellular Receptor Type-A2 Antibody in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment
Authors: Chang Fu-Ling , Tsai Keng-Chang , Lin Tsai-Yu , Chiang Chen-Wei , Chen Wang-Chuan , Pan Shiow-Lin , Lee Yu-Ching
Published: October 2022

Background
Related to the pathogenesis of cancers in humans, the interaction between erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptors and ephrins (Ephs/ephrins) affects and regulates various biological functions. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor type A2 (EphA2) is a tyrosine kinase that binds to ephrins (e.g., ephrin-A1) to initiate bidirectional signaling between cells. The binding of EphA2 and ephrin-A1 leads to the inhibition of Ras-MAPK activity and tumor growth. During tumorigenesis, the normal interaction between EphA2 and ephrin-A1 is hindered, which leads to the overexpression of EphA2 and induces cancer. The overexpression of EphA2 has been identified as a notable tumor marker in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Results
In this study, we used phage display to isolate specific antibodies against the active site of EphA2 molecules by using a discontinuous recombinant epitope for immunization. The therapeutic efficacy and inhibition mechanism of the generated antibody against pancreatic cancer was validated and clarified. The generated antibodies were bound to the conformational epitope of endogenous EphA2 on cancer cells, thus inducing cellular endocytosis and causing EphA2 degradation. Molecule signals pAKT, pERK, pFAK, and pSTAT3 were weakened, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells. The humanized antibody hSD5 could effectively inhibit the growth of the xenograft pancreatic cancer tumor cells BxPc-3 and Mia PaCa-2 in mice, respectively. When antibody hSD5 was administered in combination with gemcitabine, significantly synergistic effects on tumor growth inhibition (reach 79.3%) were observed.
Conclusions
On the basis of the efficacy of the IgG hSD5 antibody, clinical administration of the hSD5 antibody is likely to suppress tumors in patients with pancreatic cancer and abnormal activation or overexpression of EphA2 signaling.
Statistical Analysis of Geochemical Data of Groundwater from a part of Cuttack District, Odisha, India
Authors: Nayak Madhusmita , Hota Rabindra Nath
Published: October 2022

Fifty pre-monsoon groundwater samples from the Cuttack district of India have been analyzed by correlation, factor, cluster and multiple regression analyses for understanding the controlling processes which influence the groundwater chemistry. Five factors have been extracted from the data set out of which first three factors, accounting for 65.76% of variance are strongly loaded on TDS, TA, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, Cl−, HCO3−, SO42− and NO3−. The phenom line at 0.60 level brings out three clusters comprising TDS-TH-Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3−, Na+-Cl− and pH-TA. Multiple regression analysis indicates the significant contribution of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl−, HCO3−, SO42− and NO3− to the total dissolved solid (TDS). All the three multivariate techniques, in conjunction, suggest that the groundwater chemistry is mostly controlled by Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, HCO3− and Cl− and the dominant groundwater facies are Ca-HCO3, Mg-HCO3 and Na-Cl. The chemical constituents of the groundwater are derived from weathering of feldspars, pyroxenes, amphiboles, micas and apatite as well as from domestic wastes, leakage from septic tanks and agricultural fertilizers.
Probing strong-field QED in beam-plasma collisions
Authors: Matheron Aime , Claveria Pablo San Miguel , Ariniello Robert , Ekerfelt Henrik , Fiuza Frederico , Gessner Spencer , Gilljohann Max , Hogan Mark , Keitel Christoph , Knetsch Alexander , Litos Michael , Mankovska Yuliia , Montefiori Samuele , Nie Zan , O'Shea Brendan , Peterson John Ryan , Storey Doug , Wu Yipeng , Xu Xinlu , Zakharova Viktoriia , Davoine Xavier , Gremillet Laurent , Tamburini Matteo , Corde Sebastien
Published: October 2022

Ongoing progress in laser and accelerator technology opens new possibilities in high-field science, notably for the study of the largely unexplored strong-field QED regime where electron-positron pairs can be created directly from light-matter or even light-vacuum interactions. Laserless strategies such as beam-beam collisions have also been proposed with the prospect of pushing strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SFQED) in the nonpertubative regime. Here we report on an original concept to probe strong-field QED by harnessing the interaction between an electron beam and a solid target. When a high-density, ultrarelativistic beam impinges onto an even denser plasma, the beam self fields are reflected at the plasma boundary. In the rest frame of the beam electrons, these fields can exceed the Schwinger field, leading to strong-field QED effects such as quantum nonlinear inverse Compton scattering and nonlinear Breit-Wheeler electron-positron pair creation. We show that such beam-plasma collisions can produce results similar to beam-beam collisions with the advantage of a much simpler experimental setup including the automatic overlap between the beam and the reflected fields. This scenario opens the way to precision studies of strong-field QED, with measurable clear signatures in terms of gamma-ray photon and pair production, and thus is a very promising milestone on the path towards laserless studies of nonperturbative SFQED.
Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ESR1) gene polymorphism (rs2234693 and rs2046210) with breast cancer risk in Pashtun population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Shahzad Savera , Khan Najeeb Ullah , Sombal Wafa , Shah Rizwan Ullah , Khan Aakif Ullah
Published: October 2022

Background: Breast cancer susceptibility is greatly influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) both in penetrance and non-penetrance genes. The Estrogen Receptor Alfa (ESR1- rs2234693 and rs2046210) have been reported as risk factor of breast cancer in different ethnic groups with inconsistent results. In this study the association ofESR1(rs2234693 and rs2046210) with breast cancer risk was investigated in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa patients. Methods: A total of 222 women including 162 breast cancer patients and 60 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The polymorphism was confirmed using T-ARMS-PCR. Results: Our results revealed thatESR1-rs2234693 risk allele (C) (P = 0.2, OR = 1.34, CI = 0.7 to 2.3) and containing genotypes CC (P = 0.61, OR = 1.50, CI = 0.31 to 7.30) and TC (P = 0.7, OR = 1.11, CI = 0.59 to 2.09) were not associated with the risk of breast cancer. In case of rs2046210, the risk allele A (P = 0.0006, OR = 7.50, CI = 0.77 to 2.33) and corresponding genotypes GA (P = 0.003, OR = 2.44, CI = 1.33 to 4.47) and AA (P = 0.3, OR = 3.15, CI = 1.06 to 9.38) were significantly associated with higher risk of breast cancer. Moreover,ESR1-rs2234693 was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with family history, stages, PR status, ER status and luminal B. TheESR1-rs2046210 showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) association with menstrual status, tumor grade and TNBC. Both the SNPs showed non-significant (P > 0.05) association with nulliparity, nodal status, HER2 status, metastasis, HER2 enriched subtype and luminal A. Conclusion: It is concluded thatESR1-rs2234693 is not associated with breast cancer, while rs2046210 is significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population. Further, to confirm the exact situation ofESR1polymorphism,ESR1existing and other SNPs need to be checked in diverse data sets.
Sleep Buffer-based Cyclic Sleep / Doze model & framework for ITU Next Generation PONs
Authors: Ahmed Faisal , Arfeen M. Zuhair , Butt Rizwan Aslam , Nguyen Quang N.
Published: October 2022

The power consumption of Next Generation Passive Optical Network (PON) has increased due to the higher number of Optical Network Units (ONU). The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has provided the options of Cyclic Sleep Mode (CSM) and Cyclic Doze Mode (CDM) schemes for energy conservation. The performance of these low-power modes is critically dependent on traffic arrival rate and traffic threshold on which Local Wakeup Indication (LWI) events are triggered. Therefore, an analytical model of ONU to study different CSM / CDM control schemes is of prime importance. The existing models do not incorporate the sleep buffer which results in limited performance evaluation of the CSM process at low traffic arrival rates and they are unable to possess the CSM / CDM process at higher traffic loads. Therefore, this work improves the existing Discrete-Time Markov Chain (DTMC) based power model by considering a sleep buffer at each ONU to control the local wakeup indication events at the ONU and the Optical Line Terminal (OLT). The proposed model accurately computes the ONU sojourn in each CSM / CDM state, power consumption of ONU, and energy savings as a function of traffic arrival rate. Based on the proposed model a CSM / CDM framework is also added to configure all the parameters efficiently under the given average delay limits.
Time hysteresis-switching algorithm assisted dual-hop relaying for hybrid FSO/RF system
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Tiwari B B
Published: October 2022

A less-complex and efficient time-hysteresis (TH)-switching algorithm assisted hybrid free-space optics (FSO)/millimeter wave (mm)-radio frequency (RF) system is presented in the paper. For improving the long-haul communication efficiency we blend a decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme in the proposed hybrid FSO/RF system along with maximal-ratio-combining (MRC) at receiver end for signal reconstruction.TH-switching is utilized for link transient between FSO and RF links. The exact closed-form expressions for average symbol-error-rate (ASER) and outage-probability (OP) have been derived for the performance evaluation of the system. We also present asymptotic-analysis of the ASER and OP with lower computational-complexity of the proposed system and obtain the diversity-order. To achieve target-SER value for the proposed TH-switching, the optimum-threshold-SNR value has been obtained numerically. It is observed that the proposed switching technique assisted selective-DF-relaying scheme based hybrid system along with MRC outperforms a cooperative single-FSO system as well as single-hop (SH) switching-assisted hybrid system on account of diversity as well as switching technique benefits. The proposed hybrid system achieves SER of 10− 7 in the lower SNR regimes.
Thermal Deformation Analysis and Measurement of the Triple Grid for a 30cm Diameter Ion Thruster
Authors: SUN Mingming , GENG Hai , CHEN XINwei , Long jianfei
Published: October 2022

Critical ion thruster component that affects operation and service life is the grids assembly, and the hot gap variation of the grids directly determines the erosion process of the grids. In order to obtain the hot gap variation of the triple grid for a 30cm diameter ion thruster under 5kW work condition, finite element analysis is used to calculate the distribution of temperature and thermal deformation, then a deflection measurement experiment is carried out to verify the simulations. The results show that the temperature change of the screen grid is the fastest for the lowest heat capacity and the highest deposition energy among the three grids. The hot gap between the center area of the screen grid and the accelerator grid is decreased from 0.95 mm to 0.45 mm in the first 5 minutes. Meanwhile, the central gap is decreased from 0.85 mm to 0.42 mm between the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid after the thruster works about 2000s. The thermal deformation of the decelerator grid presents a “trapezoid” shape. On the contrary, that of the accelerator grid presents a “parabolic” shape. The results of simulation and measurement of temperature in the edge of the screen grid are 338 ℃ and 321 ℃ , respectively. The thermal displacement test results show that the hot gap in the center area between the screen grid and the accelerator grid, the accelerator grid and the decelerator grid are decreased from 0.95 mm to 0.48 mm, and 0.85 mm to 0.46 mm, respectively. The simulation results are consistent with test results, and the errors are considered mainly come from the structural equivalent model and which is calculated to be less than 10%.
Shallow structure imaging using multi-mode dispersion curves based on multi-window HLRT in DAS observation
Authors: Wang Xin , Feng Xuan , Dong Xuri , Liu Qian , Wang TaiHan
Published: October 2022

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a high-density seismic observation system emerging in recent years. It can achieve low-cost and high-density observation and is one of the important methods for imaging city shallow structure. However, the high-mode dispersion spectrum information recorded by DAS system is difficult to utilize effectively. To solve this problem, we propose to extract multi-mode dispersion curves of active and passive sources through multi-window high-resolution linear Radon transform (HLRT) method, and invert multi-mode dispersion curves of active and passive sources to construct shallow surface underground S-wave velocity structure. The research results show that the multi-window HLRT transform method can effectively extract multi-mode dispersion curves from DAS records by adding time windows, the improved objective function further improves the stability and accuracy of inversion. The development of multi-mode dispersion curves extraction and inversion technology provides a new method for low-cost and high-resolution exploration of underground structures with DAS system.
Switchable single and dual-wavelength single longitudinal mode Pr:YLF laser at 607nm and 604nm
Authors: Jin Long , Jin Yushi , Yu Yongji , Dong Yuan , Jin Guangyong
Published: October 2022

This letter presents a orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode Pr:YLF laser output at 607 nm and 604 nm by using combine F-P etalons. The experimental results shows that switchable single and dual-wavelength single-longitudinal mode laser output can be realized by selectively combining the F-P etalons with 0.3 mm and 1mm thickness. We obtained the maximum orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength single longitudinal mode laser output power at 604 nm and 607 nm is reaches 32 mW and the measured dual-wavelength single longitudinal mode laser spectral line-widths are 174.4 MHz and 102.2 MHz. The maximum single wavelength single longitudinal mode laser output at 607 nm and 604 nm are 201 mW and 81 mW and the measured single wavelength single longitudinal mode laser spectral line-widths are 52.3 MHz and 111.3 MHz, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to investigate the orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength single longitudinal mode CW Pr:YLF laser.
Investigation of the Electrical and Optical Activity of Halogen-substituted 2- nitrotoulene by Density Functional Theory
Authors: Lakhera Shradha , Rana Meenakshi , Devlal Kamal
Published: October 2022

The enhancement of NLO activity of the 2-nitrotoulene (2NT) after the substitution of the halogens (F, Cl, Br and I) at the para position of the benzene ring was reported in the paper. All the computational details were mentioned using density functional theory with B3LYP/6-311G basis set. The engagement of the electrophilic and nucleophilic regions in molecules was established using counter plots. Mulliken charge analysis and frontier molecular orbital parameters laid the high chemical reactivity of 2NT molecule after the substitution of F, Cl, Br, and I. Electronic properties were analyzed by computing absorption and emission spectra using time-dependent density functional theory. The Higher Raman intensity modes and higher absorbance intensity curve for iodine substituted 2NT (2NT-I) highlighted the highest reactivity. The lowest band gap was reported for 2NT-I (4.03 eV) that better correlates with the charge and spectral findings. The polarizability parameters set a fair comparison between the NLO activities of the molecules. 2NT-I has the highest values of polarizability parameters among the other molecules.
Evaluation of Nature Based Tourism Potentials of Karagöller (Borçka, Şavşat and Murgul) in Artvin Province with CRITIC - PROMETHEE-GAIA Methods
Authors: Zorlu Kuttusi , Dede Volkan
Published: October 2022

Nature-based tourism (NBT) is a tourism segment that has gained popularity worldwide in recent years. NBT mostly carried out in protected areas, is seen as one of the most important tourism activities for many countries and destinations. In this study, it was aimed to quantitatively evaluate the NBT potential in three Karagöl (In Turkish Blacklake) (Borçka, Şavşat and Murgul) located in Artvin province. In the evaluation made for this purpose, CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation) and PROMETHEE-GAIA (Preference Ranking Organization Method For Enrichment Evaluation-Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid) techniques were used. In this context, twenty-six criteria obtained from the literature and weighted by the CRITIC technique were evaluated by comparing them with the three available alternatives. In the next stage, the evaluation of the alternatives according to the weighted criteria was provided by the PROMETHEE-GAIA technique. According to the findings, the lake with the highest NBT potential in Karagöller in Artvin province was Borçka Nature Park Karagöl. The lake with the lowest potential is Murgul Karagöl, which has not yet been discovered, and its infrastructure has not been completed. It is anticipated that the results will provide practical implications for stakeholders on NBT that can be developed in the region.
Chemical Treatments, Greenhouse Temperature, and Supplemental Day Length Affect Forcing and Growth of Newly Budded Orange Trees1
Authors: Nauer E. M. , Boswell S. B. , Holmes R. C.
Published: October 2022

Application of 6-benzylamino purine (BA) and 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropy-ranyl-)-9H-purine (PBA) at several concentrations enhanced forcing of newly inserted fall buds of ‘Washington’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) on Troyer citrange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. × C. sinensis). Growth of fall-inserted buds was more influenced by an extended day length than greenhouse temperature.
The Effectiveness of Sudangrass Straw and Polyethylene Mulches on the Growth and Yield of ‘Trumpeter’ Strawberry
Authors: Hertz Leonard B.
Published: October 2022

‘Trumpeter’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants growing under clear polyethylene (PE) as a winter mulch grew and flowered earliest but yielded less than other treatments in 2 of 3 years. Sudangrass straw (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Staph) under clear PE reduced fruit size and yield, whereas sudangrass straw on top of clear PE increased fruit yield. The yield and size of fruit from plants which had not received mulch was equal to that of the standard mulch, sudangrass, in 2 of 3 years. Black PE was nearly as effective a mulch as sudangrass straw.
Non-mobilization of Nutrients during Rooting of Ilex crenata Thunb. cv. Convexa Stem Cuttings1
Authors: Blazich Frank A. , Wright Robert D.
Published: October 2022

Leaves, upper stems and lower stems of Ilex crenata cv. Convexa cuttings were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg at 3 day intervals for 27 days during intermittent mist propagation. No mobilization of nutrients from the upper portions of a cutting into the base was noted during the root initiation period.
Effect of Growth Regulators on Non-cooled and Cooled Pelargonium × domesticum1
Authors: Jay Holcomb E.
Published: October 2022

Stem elongation of non-cooled plants of Pelargonium × domesticum L. H. Bailey cv. Grand Slam was restricted by chlormequat but not by daminozide or ancymidol. Neither ancymidol, chlormequat, or daminozide affected stem elongation of cooled plants. GA did not increase elongation of either cooled or non-cooled plants.
Advancements in Commercial Floriculture During during the Past 75 Years
Authors: Seeley John G.
Published: October 2022

The Society for Horticultural Science was organized September 9, 1903 with objectives that included the strengthening of horticultural investigation and teaching and the development of horticulture as a science. However the pace for research and teaching relating to commercial floriculture, was much slower than for pomology and olericulture. The major beginning for Society publications in floriculture began 27 years after the Society was formed!
Effects of a Predaceous Mite on Spider Mite Populations of Dieffenbachia under Greenhouse and Interior Environments1,2
Authors: Hamlen R. A. , Poole R. T.
Published: October 2022

Populations of twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) infesting greenhouse Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don cv. Perfection, were significantly reduced 2 weeks after release of predators, Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks). Numbers of T. urticae at predator introduction and numbers of predators introduced had a direct effect on time required to bring about reductions in spider mite populations and maintenance of high quality plants. Numbers of T. urticae infesting interior D. maculata were suppressed at predator to prey ratios of 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20, but based on foliar damage, 1:20 ratio was not effective from an aesthetic standpoint. Suppression of T. urticae populations was more rapid at higher P. macropilis to T. urticae ratios.
British and Irish Horticulture in the 1980s1
Authors: Robinson David W.
Published: October 2022

Forces that will increasingly shape the horticultural industry during the 1980s include the higher cost of energy, growing public concern about the environment, and the wide-spread use of microelectronics. Technical problems and scientific advances within horticulture will have a significant influence on current practice.
Physiological Responses of Plants to Waterlogging1
Authors: Bradford Kent J. , Yang Shang Fa
Published: October 2022

Waterlogging of the soil rapidly and dramatically alters both the physical and biological environment of plant roots. In response to environmental stimuli, physiological events occur within the plant which affect its growth and development. The purpose of this paper is to review certain aspects of the physiological responses of plants to waterlogging with respect to the response mechanisms and the subsequent adaptations in the growth and development of the whole plant. Many important aspects of the subject must be only briefly mentioned here, such as the effects of waterlogging on soil chemistry, nutrient availability and uptake, microbiology, pathology, and senescence. The reader is referred to recent literature for information on these topics (3, 13, 19, 21). The overriding effect of soil flooding is to limit the diffusion of oxygen to the root zone. The focus here, therefore, will be on the responses of plants to root anaerobiosis and some initial, rapid mechanisms of adjustment. Further information on long-term adaptation, especially in woody plants, can be found elsewhere (76).
Green Coverage and Color Evaluation of Turf grass by Means of Light Reflection1
Authors: Biran I. , Bushkin-Harav I.
Published: October 2022

Light reflectance and chlorophyll content of 10 turfgrass species grown under different conditions indicated that the ratio between the far red (FR) (peak at 732 nm) and red (R) (peak at 640 nm) components of the light reflected from the grass surface correlated with the percentage green cover in an incompletely covered sward, and the intensity of color where coverage was complete. A simple, practical method for measuring these 2 parameters is proposed, using a Plant Growth Photometer capable of measuring the FR/R ratio.
Improving Ancymidol Efficiency for Height Control of Easter Lily1
Authors: Lewis A J. , Lewis J. S.
Published: October 2022

Ancymidol [α-cyclopropyl-α-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol] applied as a bulb-dip prior to planting was more efficient (based on amount of active ingredient required) in controlling height of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Ace) height than soil drench or foliar spray applications. The method of application did not affect emergence or number of flowers, but flowering was delayed in plants receiving 0.5 and 1.0 mg a.i. as a bulb dip.
Cytokinin Activity of Root Tissue during Chrysanthemum Development1
Authors: Holland Sheryl , Kemp T. R. , Buxton J. W.
Published: October 2022

Cytokinin activity was indicated in roots of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, cv. Polaris cultured using a nutrient film technique and assayed at 3 stages of plant development: young, actively growing; mature flowering; and senescing with dried flowers.
Temperature-dependent and Diurnal Root Conductivities in Two Citrus Rootstocks1
Authors: Wilcox Darlene A. , Davies Frederick S.
Published: October 2022

Root conductivity was measured in decapitated 18-month-old citrus rootstocks using a modified pressure chamber apparatus. Carrizo citrange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata L. (Raf.)], a frost-hardy species, exhibited a log-linear decrease in conductivity over a temperature range from 40 to 10°C. Rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.), a frost-susceptible species, also exhibited decreasing conductivity from 40 to 20°, but conductivity was similar at 10 and 20°. No endogenous diurnal cycling of root conductivity was observed in Carrizo citrange root-stocks.
Effects of Modified Atmosphere Storage on Overwintering Populations of the Apple Rust Mite and European Red Mite Eggs1
Authors: Lidster P. D. , Sanford K. H. , McRae K. B.
Published: October 2022

Reduced O2 storage (3.0 or 1.0%) significantly increased mortality of overwintering apple rust mite (Aculus schlechtendali (Nal.)) and European red mite (Panonychus ulmi (Koch)) egg populations on ‘Mcintosh’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). High levels of mortality can be achieved during the usual commercial storage period for apples in 1.0% O2 atmospheres. Addition of CO2 decreased red mite survival at 3% O2 storage.
‘Ouachita Gold’ Peach1
Authors: Johnson C. E. , Taylor J. C. , Young W. A. , Woodward R. S. , Newsom D. W. , Horn N. L.
Published: October 2022

‘Ouachita Gold’ peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) was released by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station to provide a high quality, large freestone fruit that ripens about 20 days after ‘Elberta’ or about August 5 in north Louisiana.
The Role of Volatile Principles in Nonpreference Resistance to Cowpea Curculio in Southernpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.1
Authors: Rymal Kenneth S. , Chambliss Oyette L. , McGuire John A.
Published: October 2022

Volatile extracts were isolated from pods of southernpea by vapor-phase ether extraction. In bioassays conducted with freshly emerged adult curculios Chalcodermus aeneus (Boh.), the insects were significantly more attracted to extracts of the susceptible ‘California Blackeye No. 5’ than to air with no extracts. Extracts of the breeding lines Ala. 963.8 and CR 22-2-21 were repellent to the insects as evidenced by directed travel away from the extracts towards air alone. Gas chromatographic profiles of the 3 extracts showed obvious qualitative and quantitative differences.
Effects of pH on Growth and Quality of Iris germanica L.1
Authors: Hurley W. K. , Einert A. E. , Hileman L. E.
Published: October 2022

Highest quality of plants of greenhouse-grown ‘Captain Gallant’ iris as measured by plant growth and root and foliar quality were produced at pH levels of 8.0 and 9.0 in hydroponic culture and at pH levels of 7.0 to 9.5 using field soil. Plant foliage appeared to increase in quality with increases in alkalinity.
‘Eureka’ Sweet Potato1
Authors: Scheuerman Robert W. , Hernandez Teme P. , Martin Weston J. , Clark Christopher , Constantin Roysell , Hammett Harrell
Published: October 2022

‘Eureka’, a soil rot-resistant, high-quality sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) formerly tested under the designation of L4-131, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Experiment Station and is jointly released by Louisiana State University Agricultural Experiment Station and the University of California Agricultural Experiment Station.
‘Eskimo’ Viburnum11
Authors: Egolf Donald R.
Published: October 2022

‘Eskimo’ establishes a landmark in the development of elite Viburnum cultivars as the first selection that combines the tubular V. carlesii-type flower in a snowball inflorescence, dwarf growth habit, and semi-evergreen foliage. This compact, slow-growing introduction is especially noteworthy since the majority of Viburnum species are too large and vigorous to be included in the modem home landscape. Not only does this cultivar fulfill the requirements of the home gardener, but also promotes commercial production and use by the nurserymen and landscape architects. ‘Eskimo’ is the 14th Viburnum cultivar introduced from the U.S. National Arboretum shrub breeding project (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
The U.S. Department of Agriculture Strawberry Breeding Program1
Authors: Galletta G. J. , Draper A. D. , Scott D. H.
Published: October 2022

The U.S. Department of Agriculture strawberry breeding program has introduced 61 cultivars from 6 breeding locations in its 61-year history. Fifteen to 20 of these cultivars have been widely grown, and 5 of the recent releases show exceptional promise. From its inception, the program has been aimed at producing high-quality, multipurpose cultivars with disease resistance and broad regional adaptation. Because of disease pressures, genetic resistance has been emphasized, especially for red stele root rot. The USDA has become the principal source of red stele-resistant germplasm for breeding pruposes, and has constantly refined and improved its disease-screening techniques. Red stele and Verticillium resistance have now been incorporated into everbearing strawberries adapted to the eastern United States. Investigations concerning virus detection and eradication and the propagation of virus-free stocks have led to state virus-free plant certification programs, which assure the public of production of the cleanest possible strawberry nursery stocks. The work of the USDA and cooperating state stations has played a significant role in the improvement of strawberry cultivars and the development of modern strawberry production in the United States.
Flower Shop Management at Mississippi State University
Authors: Null Ralph , Cruise Susan , Singletar Clyde
Published: October 2022

The creative art of floral design as illustrated on the front and back covers1 is achieved through an understanding of spacial design elements and a knowledge of plants materials. The design on the front cover presents a microcosm: the ceramic sphere provides an “earth” from which bursts forth Acer palmatum, Alstroemeria ‘Campfire’, and Rosa ‘Woben Abby’. On the back cover, a contemporary juxtaposition of aluminum wire, bleached matsumata branches, Chlorophytum comosum ‘Vittatum’, Lilium longiflora, Gypsophila, and Dianthus ‘White Sim’ contrast texture, form, and line.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Watada Alley E.
Published: October 2022

Chilling injury affects a wide range of horticultural crops when they are subjected to low-temperature stress and it also increases marketing losses and the cost of produce. The phenomenon was thought to be restricted to crops of tropical origin because, initially, the injuries were noted only with these crops when grown in the temperate zone. However, crops of temperate origin also have been found to develop physiological disorders when subjected to low-temperature stress. Questions now remain as to the etiology and the basic mechanism that underlie the injuries noticed on crops of tropical and of temperate origins.
In Vitro Propagation of Dicentra spectabilis1
Authors: Lazarz S. A. , Zillis M. R. , Sink K. C.
Published: October 2022

Tissue culture propagation of Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. was achieved by proliferation of 2.0- to 2.5-cm-long shoot tips placed on solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins medium containing 2.0 mg/liter kinetin. Each shoot tip yielded a 50-fold increase within 6 weeks. Proliferated shoots rooted 100% in 25 days on MS medium containing selected levels of either indolebutyric acid (IBA) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Optimum transfer of rooted shoots to the greenhouse occurred when an initial high humidity was followed by a gradual reduction over 5–7 days in the ambient environment.
Effects of Preharvest Applications of AVG on Ripening of ‘Bartlett’ Pears With and Without Cold Storage1
Authors: Romani Roger , Puschmann Rolf , Finch Jack , Beutel James
Published: October 2022

Application of 400 ppm aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) to pear trees 6 and 2 weeks before harvest resulted in marked but variable inhibition of postharvest ripening at 20°C. AVG amplified the usual nonuniformity in the initiation of ripening exhibited by freshly harvested fruit. Prolonged storage of the fruit at 0 to 2°c counteracted the inhibitory effects with resultant rapid and uniform ripening upon transfer to 20°c. However, a physiological nonuniformity as reflected by wide differences in internal C2H4 concentration persisted well beyond the time when threshold levels for the initiation of ripening had been reached by all fruit. Probable relationships between AVG effects, cold storage, and C2H4 are illustrated diagrammatically.
Objective Measurement of Chilling Injury in the Mesocarp of Stored Avocados1
Authors: Chaplin Grantley R. , Wills R. B. H. , Graham Douglas
Published: October 2022

A method to measure the severity of chilling injury (Cl) in stored avocados (Persea americana Mill.) is described that gives better results than visual appraisal. Colored metabolites are extracted from chilled mesocarp and measured in a colorimeter.
Retail and Consumer Losses in the Fall and Winter Crop of Western Head Lettuce Marketed in Metropolitan New York1
Authors: Ceponis M. J. , Butterfield J. E.
Published: October 2022

Retail store losses of whole heads or their equivalents of western crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) in the fall and winter crop were 4.2 and 5.2% in field-wrapped and nonwrapped heads, respectively, during 1977-80 in metropolitan New York. Trimming losses increased the retail loss to 14% one year. Consumer level losses for 3 years was 11%. Bacterial soft rot and rusty brown discoloration were the chief causes of loss in retail stores. Mechanical injuries and russet spotting were the leading causes of loss in consumer samples.
Branched Pedicels in New Guinea Impatiens1
Authors: Winters Harold F.
Published: October 2022

Selective breeding increased the incidence of pedicel branching in New Guinea impatiens. Crosses between plants with branched and those with unbranched pedicels proved the trait to be inherited genetically.
An Inexpensive Temperature Gradient System1
Authors: Hensley David L. , Masiunas John B. , Carpenter Philip L.
Published: October 2022

A temperature gradient block was made from a solid aluminum block. Holes were drilled for the placement of samples or temperature monitoring. The heating or cooling source was liquid circulated through 2 holes drilled through the width of the bar. Temperatures over a range from −4 to 48°C could be maintained for 96 hours with minimal fluctuation.