Enhancing fraud detection in accounting through AI: Techniques and case studies
Authors: Beatrice Oyinkansola Adelakun  , Ebere Ruth Onwubuariri  , Gbenga Adeniyi Adeniran  , Afari Ntiakoh  
Published: June 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into accounting has significantly transformed the landscape of fraud detection. Traditional methods, while effective to some extent, often struggle with the increasing complexity and volume of financial data. AI, with its advanced analytical capabilities, offers a promising solution to these challenges. This review provides an overview of the techniques used in AI-driven fraud detection in accounting and highlights case studies that demonstrate the practical applications and benefits of these technologies. AI techniques for fraud detection in accounting primarily involve machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and data mining. Machine learning algorithms, such as supervised and unsupervised learning models, are employed to identify patterns and anomalies in financial data that could indicate fraudulent activity. Supervised learning involves training a model on a labelled dataset containing examples of both fraudulent and non-fraudulent transactions, enabling the model to learn the distinguishing features of fraud. Unsupervised learning, on the other hand, is used to detect anomalies without prior labeling, identifying outliers that deviate from the norm. Natural language processing (NLP) is utilized to analyze textual data, such as emails and financial documents, to uncover suspicious activities and hidden relationships. This is particularly useful in forensic accounting, where vast amounts of unstructured data must be examined for signs of fraud. Data mining techniques are also critical, enabling the extraction of useful information from large datasets and the identification of trends and patterns that may not be immediately apparent. Several case studies illustrate the effectiveness of AI in enhancing fraud detection in accounting. One notable example is the use of AI by major financial institutions to combat credit card fraud. By implementing ML algorithms, these institutions have significantly improved their ability to detect fraudulent transactions in real-time. The algorithms analyze transaction patterns and flag those that deviate from a customer's typical behavior, allowing for immediate investigation and action. Another case study involves a large multinational corporation that integrated NLP and data mining techniques into its internal audit processes. The company utilized AI to analyze thousands of financial documents and emails, uncovering a complex fraud scheme that had previously gone undetected. The AI system identified unusual communication patterns and financial discrepancies, leading to a comprehensive investigation and the eventual prosecution of the perpetrators. A further example is found in the public sector, where government agencies have employed AI to detect and prevent procurement fraud. By analyzing historical procurement data, AI systems can identify anomalies and potential red flags, such as unusually high bids or frequent contract awards to the same vendor. This proactive approach has enabled these agencies to save millions of dollars and improve the transparency and integrity of their procurement processes. The application of AI in fraud detection within accounting represents a significant advancement over traditional methods. Techniques such as machine learning, natural language processing, and data mining offer powerful tools for identifying and mitigating fraudulent activities. The case studies discussed highlight the practical benefits and successes achieved through AI-driven fraud detection, demonstrating its potential to enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness of fraud prevention efforts. As the complexity and volume of financial transactions continue to grow, the role of AI in fraud detection will become increasingly vital. Continued advancements in AI technology, coupled with its integration into accounting practices, promise to further strengthen the fight against financial fraud, safeguarding the integrity of financial systems and promoting trust and confidence among stakeholders.
Keywords:  Fraud, Detection, Accounting, Artificial Intelligence, Case Studies.