bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Minimally Invasive Approach on Attainment of a Textbook Oncologic Outcome Following Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: A Review of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Avila Azalia , Cibulas Megan A. , Samuels Shenae K. , Gannon Christopher J. , Llaguna Omar H.
Published: November 2023

Background

Textbook oncologic outcome (TOO) is a composite outcome measure realized when all desired short-term quality metrics are met following an oncologic operation. This study examined whether minimally invasive gastrectomy (MIG) is associated with increased likelihood of TOO attainment.

Methods

The 2010–2016 National Cancer Database was queried for patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy. Surgical approach was described as open (OG), laparoscopic (LG), or robotic (RG). TOO was defined as having met five metrics: R0 resection, AJCC compliant lymph node evaluation (n ≥ 15), no prolonged length of stay (< 75th percentile by year), no 30-day readmission, and receipt of guideline-accordant systemic therapy.

Results

Of 21,015 patients identified, 5708 (27.2%) underwent MIG (LG = 21.9%, RG = 5.3%). Patients who underwent RG were more likely to have met all TOO criteria, and consequently TOO. Logistic regression models revealed that patients undergoing MIG were significantly more likely to attain TOO. MIG was associated with a higher likelihood of adequate LAD, no prolonged LOS, and concordant chemotherapy. Patients who underwent LG and achieved TOO had the highest median OS (86.7 months), while the OG non-TOO cohort experienced the lowest (34.6 months). The median OS for the RG TOO group was not estimable; however, the mortality rate (.7%) was the lowest of the six cohorts.

Conclusion

RG resulted in a significantly increased likelihood of TOO attainment. Although TOO is associated with increased OS across all surgical approaches, attainment of TOO following MIG is associated with a statistically significantly higher median OS.
The Necessity of New Versions of Bilateral Trade Balances and COVID-19: The Nonlinear ARDL Approach for the USA and Japan
Authors: Gocer Ismet , Ongan Serdar , Karamelikl Huseyin , Rarick Charles A.
Published: November 2023

This study aims to reveal the need to reformulate new forms of Bilateral Trade Balances (BTBs) for a country rather than a traditional BTB. This is because the traditional BTB ratio, based on total exports and defined as the total exports/total imports ratio, cannot classify and quantify a BTB based on its economic impact content. It fails to classify because countries also export goods already imported (denotes re-export) besides exporting their domestic goods produced within the country (denotes domestic export). It also fails to quantify because, while domestic goods undergo a value-added process within a country, re-exported goods do not. In this context, for the first time, this study attempts to reformulate/reinvestigate new forms of BTBs as production-related BTB, based on domestic export and non-production-related BTB, based on re-export for the USA with Japan. Empirical findings confirm the necessity and cruciality of the proposed methodology in this study.

JEL Codes: F10, F14
Book review: Jagdish Lal Dawar, Food in the Life of Mizos: From Precolonial Times to the Present
Authors: Ratnamala V.
Published: November 2023

Jagdish Lal Dawar, Food in the Life of Mizos: From Precolonial Times to the Present (Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 2019), ix + 342 pp.
Reproductive Justice in the Post-Roe v. Wade Era: Examining Reactions to Dobbs v. Jackson and Psychological Distress Among Cisgender Women and People Assigned Female at Birth
Authors: Watson Laurel B. , Germain Jacob M.
Published: November 2023

In the present study, we examined relations among reactions to the Dobbs v. Jackson court ruling (heretofore adverse reactions), psychological distress, collective action, and abortion history among cisgender women and people assigned female at birth. Specifically, we examined the ways in which the relation between adverse reactions to the Dobbs v. Jackson decision and psychological distress may vary according to involvement in reproductive justice and antiabortion collective action and abortion history. Results ( n = 894) revealed that adverse reactions were significantly positively related to psychological distress. Furthermore, involvement in reproductive justice collective action was significantly positive to psychological distress whereas the relation between antiabortion collective action and psychological distress was nonsignificant. The positive relation between adverse reactions and psychological distress was exacerbated by high levels of involvement in reproductive justice and weakened by low levels of involvement in antiabortion collective action, and these relations did not vary according to abortion history. In addition, the relation between involvement in antiabortion collective action and psychological distress was significant and positive among those who had had an abortion and nonsignificant for those who had not. These findings reveal the importance of mental health providers attending to their clients’ abortion-related beliefs and histories, involvement in collective action, and psychological distress. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03616843231210219 .
The Impact of Pandemic-Related Restrictions on Dementia Risk Factors in Older Adults
Authors: Simone Tamar , Peltz Carrie , Rosenberg Dori E. , Barnes Deborah E. , Fleckenstein Lynn E. , Dublin Sascha , Yaffe Kristine
Published: November 2023

Adults aged 65+ are at highest risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, and prior to the distribution of vaccines in the U.S., were strongly advised to quarantine at home to reduce risk of infection. This study examines how COVID-19 restrictions impacted various dementia risk factors and social determinants of health among older adults. Data came from the Systematic Multi-Domain Alzheimer's Risk Reduction Trial, a randomized controlled trial of a multi-domain intervention in higher-risk older adults (aged 70–89). A questionnaire was administered to participants ( n = 156; 90.7% response rate) between May 2020 and March 2021. The data show a significant decline in social activity, physical activity, and mood among respondents. Compared to living with others, living alone was associated with worsened physical activity, diet, and subjective memory/thinking, adjusted for sex and age. These results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated several risk factors for dementia in older adults, particularly in those living alone.
The Eco-Generativity Scale-Short Form: A Multidimensional Item Response Theory Analysis in University Students
Authors: Di Fabio Annamaria , Svicher Andrea
Published: November 2023

The Eco-Generativity Scale (EGS) is a recently developed 28-item scale derived from a 4-factor higher-order model (ecological generativity, social generativity, environmental identity, and agency/pathways). The aim of this study was to develop a short-scale version of the EGS to facilitate its use with university students ( N = 779) who will determine the future of our world’s ecosystem. Data analyses included removing misfitting items and assessing the psychometric properties of the EGS short form. The Eco-Generativity Scale-Short Form (EGS-SF) showed a good fit for a higher-order model composed of four factors and sixteen items (four items for each factor).
Leading patient-centric crisis preparedness in healthcare: Lessons from Ukraine
Authors: Landre Jean-Francois
Published: November 2023

Challenges in the delivery of high-quality patient centric care in Canada is plagued by staff and medical supplies shortages and spiking burnout rates leading to closures of more than a thousand emergency rooms in 2023. A literature review was conducted to examine the crisis preparedness and responsiveness of healthcare establishments in Ukraine in a warfare context, with the intent of exacting recommendations to respond to shortages in Canadian hospitals. Utilizing queries on distinct databases, more than 17,500 entries were found, narrowed, and selected for review. Managerial implications for Canadian establishments include: (1) adapting a change management approach, (2) capitalizing on existing assets, resources, and networks, (3) recognizing cyclical patterns to prevent negative outcomes, (4) planning for and attending to the vulnerabilities of specific sub-population groups, (5) utilizing geolocated analytics, and (6) exploiting external expertise and volunteer network through tailored working conditions.
Electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone)/beeswax based super-hydrophobic anti-adhesive nanofibers as physical barriers for impeding fibroblasts invasion
Authors: Sowmya B , Panda Prasanta Kumar
Published: November 2023

Super-hydrophobic electrospun membranes are very essential barrier materials to physically isolate the wound site in order to prevent adhesions and for restoring the normal functioning of the surrounding tissues and organs. In the present study, poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/beeswax (BW) based nanofibrous anti-adhesion membranes were fabricated by electrospinning technique. The BW concentration was varied from 10 to 30 wt.%. The nanofibers were evaluated for their morphological and physio-chemical properties. The electrospun mats demonstrate random distribution of nanofibers. Surface wettability was evaluated using static water contact angle method. PCL/BW (70/30) membrane had shown super-hydrophobicity (contact angle = 150°). From the cell culture studies, it was evident that cell viability, adhesion and proliferation of L929 cells on PCL/BW (70/30) membrane were comparatively lower than those on pure PCL membrane due to its super-hydrophobic nature. Consequently, PCL/BW (70/30) membrane was found as a potential candidate for fibroblast (L929) cell anti-adhesion applications.
Trajectory optimization for collaborative recovery of parafoil systems using unmanned vessel
Authors: Wei Zhenyu , Chen Kai , Shao Zhijiang
Published: November 2023

Traditional trajectory optimization methods for the parafoil system set fixed-point landing as the objective. However, in recent payload fairing recovery missions, the recovery system comprising two parafoils is collaboratively recovered by a mobile vehicle, posing new challenges to the current trajectory optimization technique. In order to recover two parafoil systems autonomously with an unmanned surface vessel, this paper presents a trajectory optimization framework composed of three following component processes consecutively. Firstly, a feasibility judgment algorithm based on reachable boundary estimation is designed to determine the possibility of recovering two parafoil systems. Secondly, the decoupled-then-simultaneous strategy is proposed to enhance the convergence of solving the collaborative recovery problem. Thirdly, the finite-element collocation approach is utilized to convert the formulated trajectory optimization problems into nonlinear programming (NLP) problems, which are solved by a highly efficient NLP solver. Simulation results show that the proposed trajectory optimization framework can efficiently generate the optimal trajectory for recovering two parafoil systems with a vessel.
Fournier’s gangrene of the penis complicating both COVID-19- and Mpox-related genital ulceration – A case report
Authors: Louisa Suzanna Kerkemeyer Karolina , Bunker Christopher Barry , Pang Karl H , Alnajjar Hussain Murtaza , Muneer Asif , Freeman Alex
Published: November 2023

Fournier’s gangrene is a rare, rapidly progressive, fulminant form of infective necrotising fasciitis of the genital, perianal and perineal regions. We present a case of Fournier’s gangrene of the penis complicating acute genital ulceration and recurrent paraphimosis that was secondary to contemporaneous COVID-19 and Mpox infection in an otherwise healthy 41-year-old man. It is important for clinicians to be aware of Fournier’s gangrene, as early detection remains the cornerstone of effective tissue and indeed life conserving management.
Optimal adaptive fuzzy fault-tolerant control applied on a quadrotor attitude stabilization based on particle swarm optimization
Authors: Bounemeur Abdelhamid , Chemachema Mohamed
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the problem of stabilizing the attitude control of a quadrotor system, which is subject to uncertainty, external disturbances, and sensor and actuator faults. To address these challenges, the control stage employs universal approximators, such as fuzzy systems, which estimate the system’s uncertainties and eliminate nonaffine nonlinear actuator faults. In addition, the particle swarm optimization technique is used to adjust the adaptive parameters and fuzzy initial values. The robust control term is carefully designed to handle approximation errors, time-varying sensors, and external disturbances. To solve the issue of the unavoidable algebraic loop during the actuator approximation phase, a Butterworth low-pass filter is integrated. This approach automatically deals with external disturbances, and no further approximation is necessary. Furthermore, the controller can be reconfigured online to enable fast-fault compensation without requiring a fault detection or isolation unit. To prove the global stability and boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop system, Lyapunov theory is used.
Gender Gap in Food Security and Nutrition: Special Case of India in the G20
Authors: Mishra Divya
Published: November 2023

The sustainability of food security and adequate nutrition is a global challenge. The G20 nations, representing two-thirds of the global population bear half of the world’s malnutrition burden in the form of either excessive or inadequate intake of nutrition. The general risks associated with food insecurity in terms of climate change, ecology and resource contraction vis-à-vis population are macro issues involving the global commons. This article which relates to the micro issue of the gender gap in household food security is based on public data and international indices on the status of food security and the gender gap. The study indicates the presence of a gender gap in nutrition for reasons more socio-cultural, than economic. The study is focused on G20 nations, especially India as it bears the largest burden of nutrition-related disease within the G20. Data from the Global Hunger Index and the Global Gender Gap Index of 2022 has portrayed India as a dismal performer despite the fact that India runs the largest public food security programme that has targeted nutrition programs for women beneficiaries. The present article identifies the common challenges faced by the G20 nations in the realm of food security and the steps taken for mitigation. The article also examines cooperation within G20 in realising the Sustainable Development Goals related to ending hunger and realising gender equity in food.
Cosmetic psychiatry: A concept in urgent need of consideration
Authors: Lugg William
Published: November 2023

Objective

To explore the concept of, ethics surrounding, and arguments for and against cosmetic psychiatry.

Conclusions

Cosmetic psychiatry may be defined as the science and practice of interventions that subjectively enhance the mental states of healthy people. Cosmetic medicine (including surgery) is a professionally and socially accepted part of contemporary medical practice; cosmetic psychiatry is not. Like cosmetic medicine, there are significant risks associated with cosmetic psychiatry. There is an urgent need for a broader conversation about this emerging clinical reality.
Participatory Action Research Among People With Serious Mental Illness: A Scoping Review
Authors: Thomas Elizabethmary , Benjamin-Thomas Tanya Elizabeth , Sithambaram Abirame , Shankar Janki , Chen Shu-Ping
Published: November 2023

Participatory action research (PAR) is a research approach that creates spaces for marginalized individuals and communities to be co-researchers to guide relevant social change. While working toward social transformation, all members of the PAR team often experience personal transformation. Engaging people with serious mental illness (PSMI) in PAR helps them to develop skills and build relationships with stakeholders in their communities. It supports positive changes that persist after the completion of the formal research project. With the increasing recognition of PAR’s value in PSMI, it is helpful to consider the challenges and advantages of this approach to research with this population. This review aimed at determining how PAR has been conducted with PSMI and at summarizing strategies used to empower PSMI as co-researchers by engaging them in research. This scoping review followed five steps Arkesy and O’Malley (2005) outlined. We charted, collated, and summarized relevant information from 87 studies that met the inclusion criteria. We identified five strategies to empower PSMI through PAR. These are to build capacity, balance power distribution, create collaborative environments, promote peer support, and enhance their engagement as co-researchers. In conclusion, PAR is an efficient research approach to engage PSMI. Further, PSMI who engage in PAR may benefit from strategies for empowerment that meet their unique needs as co-researchers.
Climate Change, Vulnerabilities, and Migration: Insights from Ecological Migrants in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Jasim
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the close interaction between environmental hazards and non-environmental factors inducing people to leave their areas of origin, augmented by the struggles they face and their urban survival strategies. Focusing on Aila-induced migrants in a slum in Khulna city, the study questions the conventional notion that environmental hazards singularly propel coastal inhabitants' migration. Instead, it asserts that migration results from a convergence of multi-causal factors, notably, the interplay between environmental hazards, socio-political and economic vulnerabilities, and proximity to ecologically fragile regions. Initially driven by subsistence needs, migration has transformed into something greater for many marginalized individuals. These migrants develop strong bonds with specific locations and location-specific networks, which facilitate their transition to urban life and allow them to mitigate the challenges associated with urban living. This study sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of climate-induced migration, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive policy responses.
Short- and Long-Term Survival of Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer in the United States From 2000 to 2018
Authors: Nghiem Van , Wood Sarah , Ramachandran Rekha , Williams Grant , Outlaw Darryl , Paluri Ravikumar , Kim Young-il , Gbolahan Olumide
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Information about survival outcomes in metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC) is sparse, and the numbers often quoted are based on reports of clinical trials data that may not be representative of patients treated in the real world. Furthermore, the impact of more widespread adoption of a standardized combination chemotherapy regimen since 2010 on survival is unclear.

Methods

We performed an analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to determine the real-world overall survival trends in a cohort of patients with metastatic BTC diagnosed between the years 2000 and 2017 with follow-up until 2018. We analyzed data for the entire cohort, evaluated short-term and long-term survival rates, and compared survival outcomes in the pre-2010 and post-2010 periods. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate factors associated with survival.

Results

Among 13, 287 patients, the median age was 68 years. There was a preponderance of female (57%) and white (77%) patients. Forty-one percent died within 3 months of diagnosis (short-term survivors) and 20% were long-term survivors (12 months or longer). The median overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 4.5 months. Median OS improved post-2010 (4.5 months) compared to pre-2010 (3.5 months) ( P < .0001). On multivariate analysis, age <55 years, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, surgical resection, and diagnosis post-2010 were associated with lower hazard of death.

Conclusion

The real-world prognosis of metastatic BTC is remarkably poorer than described in clinical trials because a large proportion of patients survive less than three months. Over the last decade, the improvement in survival has been minimal.
Adaptive nonlinear second-order sliding mode synchronization control of direct drive H-type platform with zero error constraint
Authors: Fang Xin , Wang Limei , Zhang Kang
Published: November 2023

In order to achieve better synchronization performance for H-type platform servo systems during motion, an adaptive nonlinear second-order sliding mode synchronous control method with zero error constraint is proposed in this paper. The reason and mechanism of unsynchronized movement of H-type platform are analyzed. A synchronous thrust allocation algorithm based on dynamics is designed by using the thrust balance equation under zero error constraint to suppress the rotation movement of the crossbeam theoretically. To minimize the impact of external disturbances on the system, the system employs a robust adaptive nonlinear second-order sliding mode control method. In this method, the nonlinear sliding mode function is constructed to enhance the dynamic performance of the system, the second-order sliding mode surface is designed to achieve chatter-free control input. To address the issue of limitations in sliding mode control caused by upper limits of external disturbances, an adaptive control technique is employed to estimate and compensate for uncertainties such as external disturbances. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed synchronous control strategy can effectively adjust the operating conditions of the two motors, improve the synchronous control performance and enhance the anti-interference ability of the system.
Improvement of nutritional properties of regular and gluten-free cakes with composite flour
Authors: Cankurtaran-Kömürcü Tekmile , Bilgiçli Nermin
Published: November 2023

This study was carried out to develop regular and gluten-free cakes with the high nutritional and functional value from composite flours. Composite flour was prepared by blending of equal amounts of chestnut, lupine and pumpkin flour. Wheat flour (for regular cake) and corn starch: rice flour blend (for gluten-free cake) used in cake formulation were replaced with composite flour in ratios of 9, 18, 27 and 36%, respectively. Composite flour had a significant ( p < 0.05) effect on all color parameters of the crust and crumb of regular and gluten-free cake samples. Cake weight and hardness values increased with the use of composite flour in regular and gluten-free cake samples, and higher weight and hardness values were determined in gluten-free cakes. High composite flour ratios (27–36%) resulted in the lowest cake volume in both cakes. The gluten-free cake had lower ash, protein, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC) compared to the regular cake. The composite flour usage increased the ash, protein, antioxidant activity, TPC, and mineral contents of both cake samples. When the nutritional, functional, technological and sensory properties of cakes were evaluated together, it was concluded that the use of 9% composite flour was the most appropriate ratio for both cake types.
Safety Assessment of Ginkgo biloba-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Burnett Christina L. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: November 2023

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 10 Ginkgo biloba-derived ingredients, which are most frequently reported to function in cosmetics as skin conditioning agents or antioxidants. The Panel reviewed the available data to determine the safety of these ingredients. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing the same constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. The Panel was concerned about the presence of ginkgolic acid in cosmetics. Industry should use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities. The Panel concluded that 5 Ginkgo biloba leaf-derived ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be non-sensitizing; data are insufficient to determine the safety of the remaining 5 ingredients under the intended conditions of use in cosmetic formulations.
Correlation between retinal sensitivity and retinal vascular perfusion after idiopathic epiretinal membrane peeling
Authors: Nicolai Michele , Franceschi Alessandro , De Turris Serena , Rosati Alessandro , Carpenè Maria Jolanda , Danieli Luca , Lassandro Nicola Vito , Pelliccioni Paolo , Lupidi Marco , Mariotti Cesare
Published: November 2023

Background

To evaluate the correlations between anatomical and functional changes after idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) surgery.

Methods

In this prospective, observational, single-center study, consecutive patients who underwent iERM peeling were enrolled. Reported data were pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal sensitivity (RS) and fixation stability values on microperimetry, structural macular features on SD-OCT and OCTA. RS of foveal and parafoveal area was analysed and two sub-groups were identified whether RS improved or remained unchanged/worsened after surgery; consequently, vascular perfusion density (VPD) of the same area was studied.

Results

Twenty-nine eyes of 29 patients were examined. The post-operative improvement in terms of BCVA, RS and fixation within the central 4 degrees was significant (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.001), as well as the foveal thickness and macular volume change/reduction (p < 0.001). The pre-operative superficial VPD, choriocapillaris VPD and capillary free zone (CFZ) area were significantly reduced compared to the fellow healthy eye (p = 0.001, p = 0.02, p < 0.001). Choriocapillaris VPD showed a statistically significant increase after surgery (p < 0.02). Superficial, deep and choriocapillaris VPD of the improved RS group showed a significant increase both in foveal (p = 0.03, p = 0.03, p = 0.01) and parafoveal areas (p = 0.01, p = 0.03, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

We reported a higher VPD in the retinal area that experienced a retinal sensitivity improvement 6 months after ERM surgery. This result objectifies the tight bond between visual function and retinal perfusion in ERM patients.
Recurrence of adolescent suicide attempt and self-harm (RASS study): Effectiveness of single therapeutic project
Authors: Konno Yoichi T , Araújo Filho Gerardo MD , Almeida José Robson SR , Santos Nágila BL , Marques Filho Altino B , Fernandes Bianca B , Parreira Gabriel S , Carvalho Pedro HF , Cenedesi Loise MT
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This retrospective cohort study aims to understand the effectiveness of the Singular Therapeutic Project (STP) implemented in a Child Psychosocial Care Center in preventing recurrence of self-harm and suicide attempt (SA), by comparing the group of patients who adhered to the STP with the group that did not adhere completely.

Method

Data were collected from the medical records of adolescents with self-harm or SA during the period from 2015 to 2019. The primary outcomes analyzed were recurrence of SA, self-harm, and hospitalization; and the secondary outcomes analyzed were demographics, diagnosis, number of appointments, and negative life events.

Results

A total of 228 adolescents were included. After multivariate analysis, social service consultations decreased risk in 94.6% (HR .054, 95% CI: .004–.681) of the cases, but risk was increased by 23 times if there was an episode of self-harm among family members and/or friends (HR 23.641, 95% CI: 1.394–400.8). Additionally, in terms of SA, adherence to family interventions reduced the risk by 66.2% (HR .338, 95% CI: .125–.913). Victims of prejudice, racism, homophobia, transphobia presented a 3.7-fold increased risk (HR 3.766, 95% CI: 1.058–13.401).

Conclusion

The STP interventions were effective in reducing the recurrence of self-harm and SAs in adolescents.
Affective materiality of women's markets: The role of objects in conflict and post-conflict settings
Authors: Khan Muhammad Salman
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the agentic capacities of inanimate objects and their role in shaping the affective atmospheres of women's markets in a post-conflict setting. To analyse this material affectivity, I draw on women's markets of Swat in Pakistan and the role of four selected objects including posters/notices, bras, mannequins and curtains in the generation, transmission and manipulation of affect. I ask, how objects matter in shaping the affectivity of women's markets during and after Swat's conflict? To answer this question, I draw on 36 semi-structured interviews with men traders ( N = 18) and women customers ( N = 18) along with my field notes. I found that centring our analyses upon gendered materiality of mundane objects allow us to capture nuances of unruly capacities and gendered affectivities of objects in the context of war and post-conflict environments. Moreover, my findings suggest that focussing on agentic capacities of objects enhance our understanding of the affective materiality of women's markets in the post-conflict setting.
The effect of electronic error-reporting forms on nurse’s stress and the rate of error-reporting
Authors: Khajouei Reza , Afzali Faezeh , Jahanbakhsh Farzaneh , Bagheri Fatemeh
Published: November 2023

Objectives: The patient safety culture includes a systematic approach that promotes safe care for patients and the leadership that supports it. Medical errors threaten patient safety. A significant portion of medical errors is committed by nurses. Although error-reporting provides valuable information to prevent errors, most nurses do not report their errors due to their high level of stress. This study was to investigate the effect of electronic error-reporting forms on nurses’ stress and the rate of error-reporting. Methods: The nurses’ level of stress was compared when using paper error-reporting and 6 months after using electronic forms. A revised version of the Coudron questionnaire was completed by 186 nurses. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23 using Wilcoxon test. The number of reported errors in paper and electronic media was compared over the same period. Results: Implementation of the electronic error-reporting form reduced the job stress of nurses by 22.22 points ( p=.00) and increased the error-reporting rate by 12.86% ( p<.05). Conclusions: Although nurse’s stress significantly decreases after implementing electronic error-reporting forms, their level of stress is still high and they are still at risk for physical and mental problems. Using methods like modifying the error-reporting form will increase the error-reporting rate.
Method for determination of elemental impurities in metronidazole benzoate using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Tian Maoxian , Zhang Hui , Fan Huajun , Yin Mingxing , Wang Wenqing , Shi Chunyang
Published: November 2023

The elemental impurities in pharmaceutical products have aroused widespread concern among respective supervising authorities and official pharmacopoeias since they are harmful and have no therapeutic effects. Metronidazole benzoate is used extensively to treat a variety of infections. However, impurities will inevitably be introduced in the manufacturing process of metronidazole benzoate. Hence, in this study, a sensitive method was developed for trace determination of elemental impurities in metronidazole benzoate active pharmaceutical ingredients by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in kinetic energy discrimination mode. The method was validated for system suitability, specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision according to USP chapter <233> Elemental Impurities-Procedure. The method had good linearity with correlation coefficients > 0.99. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.0003–0.1411 μg/g, which was lower than the acceptable limit and indicated the high sensitivity of the method. The method was accurate with the recoveries in the range of 92%–107%. Moreover, the content of seven elemental impurities in the three batches of metronidazole benzoate active pharmaceutical ingredients by this method was originally below their limits and less than 30% of permitted daily exposure, meeting the requirement of International Council for Harmonization Q3D guidelines. Thus, this newly developed and validated method for estimating elemental impurities in metronidazole benzoate active pharmaceutical ingredients was within the permitted limit and suitable for routine use.
The Predictive Model Construction for Immune-Related Adverse Events in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy
Authors: Gao Weitong , Liu Qianqian , Zhou Yang , Yang Min , Yu Yan
Published: November 2023

Introduction

It is possible to predict immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) based on clinical and hematological parameters. Nevertheless, the specific parameters which can predict irAEs are still in the exploration. The purpose of this retrospective study was to develop a predictive model for irAEs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in the treatment of ICIs.

Methods

Researchers enrolled NSCLC patients treated with at least 1 type of ICIs at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital between January 30, 2019 and December 31, 2021. Baseline parameters including demographic, clinicopathology, treatment information, and peripheral blood markers were selected retrospectively. Type, onset time, grade, and treatment of irAEs were also assessed. By analyzing the risk factors for irAEs, an irAEs prediction model was established using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

In a total of 484 patients, 81 patients experienced 112 irAEs in which thyroid dysfunction was the most common irAE ( n = 38, 33.9%) and ICI pneumonitis was the most serious irAE ( n = 6, 33.3%). Finally, a prediction model based on lines and combination therapy of ICIs, ECOG performance status, neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR), platelet (PLT), and lymphocyte (LYM) was established. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 2 or ≥3 lines of immunotherapy, ICIs combination therapy, and ECOG PS 1–2 were independent risk factors for irAEs. Baseline LYM was positively associated with irAEs (OR = 2.599, P = 0.048) while baseline NLR and PLT were negatively associated with irAEs (OR = 0.392, P = 0.047; OR = 0.992, P = 0.035, respectively). The model showed great prediction performance with the AUC value of 0.851 and 0.779 in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively.

Conclusion

Our study identified the risk factors related to irAEs occurrence and constructed and assessed the predictive model of irAEs in patients with NSCLC treated by ICIs using clinical and hematological parameters, thus guiding clinicians to select precisely the population receiving immunotherapy and develop individualized treatment therapy.
SGMS1-AS1/MicroRNA-106a-5p/CPT2 Axis as a Novel Target for Regulating Lactate Metabolism in Colon Cancer
Authors: Ruochen Yan , Wenbin Ji , Chao Gao , Yuhua Yuan , Feng Qi
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The malignant transformation of cells can lead to aerobic glycolysis, an important form of metabolic reprogramming in colon cancer cells, which can cause the accumulation of lactate and accelerate the proliferation of tumor cells also enhance their chemotherapy drug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for the increased lactate expression in colon cancer.

Methods

Several bioinformatics methods, including differential analysis, gene ontology enrichment, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to find the lactic acid–related gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2. We analyzed the relationship between carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and clinical features as well as immune microenvironment. To further explore the mechanism of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 in colon cancer, we performed methylation analysis and constructed a competitive endogenous RNA network, which was validated in cell lines and clinical specimens.

Results

We used bioinformatics to select the lactic acid–related gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and found low expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 was associated with poor prognosis in colon cancer. An inhibitory tumor microenvironment was created when carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 expression was reduced, with decreased CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, dendritic cells, and B cells but increased cancer-associated fibroblasts. Methylation analysis showed that the abnormal decrease in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 might be caused by hypermethylation. We constructed a network of SGMS1-AS1/microRNA-106a-5p/carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and verified their expression in cell lines and clinical specimens.

Conclusion

Our work revealed the possible mechanism of lactate accumulation in colon cancer and explored a new potential treatment for colon cancer by cutting off aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells.
Investigation of the effect of visceral adiposity index on venous clinical severity score in patients with chronic venous insufficiency
Authors: Eskici Haci , Engin Mesut , Eris Cüneyt , Aydın Ufuk , Ata Yusuf , Yavuz Şenol
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common disease affecting millions worldwide. Age, obesity, female gender, sedentary life, and long-standing at work causing orthostasis have been identified as predisposing factors.

Objective

The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is an important indicator of abdominal obesity. Various studies in the cardiovascular field have shown that it may be more predictive than body mass index (BMI).

Methods

A total of 171 consecutive patients diagnosed with low-grade (C0–C3) superficial primary CVI in our clinic, between November 2021 and December 2022, were included in this prospective study. Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) values were calculated. The patients were divided into two groups according to their VCSS values (Group 1: VCSS ≤6 and Group 2: VCSS >6).

Results

There were 110 patients in Group 1 with a median age of 42 (18–50) years. There was no difference between the groups in terms of gender, smoking, hypertension frequency, height, weight, body mass index, hemoglobin values, lymphocyte, neutrophil, mean platelet volume, urea, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and total cholesterol values ( p > .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to reveal the predictive factors of high VCSS values in patients. As a result of the analysis, VAI (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.775; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.389–2.269; p < .001) and CRP (OR: 2.641; 95% CI: 1.431–4.875; p = .002) values were identified as independent predictors in predicting high VCSS values.

Conclusion

This current study showed that high VAI values affect clinical complaints in patients with low-grade CVI. In line with our results, clinical recommendations can be made to reduce VAI values in low-stage CVI patients.
Investigating how prior knowledge influences perception and action in developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Allen Kate , Harris David , Arthur Tom , Wood Greg , Buckingham Gavin
Published: November 2023

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is characterised by a broad spectrum of difficulties in performing motor tasks. It has recently been proposed that a specific deficit in sensorimotor prediction and feedforward planning might underpin these motoric impairments. The purpose of this study was to use a naturalistic object lifting paradigm to examine whether deficits in sensorimotor prediction might underpin the broad spectrum of difficulties individuals with DCD face when interacting with objects in their environment. We recruited 60 children with probable DCD and 61 children without DCD and measured perceptions of heaviness and fingertip force rate application when interacting with objects which varied in their apparent weight. If deficits in sensorimotor prediction do underpin the broad-ranging motor difficulties seen in DCD, we would expect to see a reduced effect of visual size cues on fingertip force rates and illusory misperceptions of object heaviness. We found no evidence of differences in any metrics of sensorimotor prediction between children with ( n = 46) and without DCD ( n = 61). Furthermore, there was no correlation between any metrics of sensorimotor prediction and motor performance (as assessed by the standard diagnostic movement assessment battery). Illusory misperceptions of object weight also did not appear to differ between groups. These findings suggest that issues with sensorimotor prediction are unlikely to affect the performance of simple real-world movements in those with DCD.
Onset complexity and task conflict in the Stroop task
Authors: Parris Benjamin A , Hasshim Nabil , Ferrand Ludovic , Augustinova Maria
Published: November 2023

The present study examined the extent to which a key marker of task conflict, negative facilitation, is modified by onset complexity. Negative facilitation, slower reaction times (RTs) to congruent stimuli than to non-lexical neutral stimuli in the Stroop task, is thought to reflect competition between the task sets of colour naming and word reading in the Stroop task (also known as task conflict). That is, it reflects competition between whole task sets, over and above any competition between specific responses associated with a stimulus. An alternative account of negative facilitation argues that it reflects the specific phonological processing differences between pronounceable (e.g., congruent) and non-pronounceable (e.g., xxxx) stimuli that are magnified by the specific task contexts that produce negative facilitation (a mostly non-lexical trial context). Here we used onset complexity to manipulate pronounceability of the irrelevant words in the Stroop task to test this alternative account. However, before applying manipulations that produce negative facilitation, we initially tested whether there was an effect of onset complexity on Stroop task performance. The results from Experiment(s) 1 (and 3) showed that complex onsets led to larger positive facilitation and congruency effects relative to simple onsets, but did not modify incongruent or neutral-word RTs. Experiment 2 directly tested whether onset complexity modifies negative facilitation and provided strong evidence for no effect of onset complexity, contrary to the alternative account predictions. The implications of the results for task conflict theory, selective attention, and phonological processing in the manual response Stroop task are discussed.
Evaluation of an enhanced behavioural monitoring system in UK open prisons
Authors: Goodley Gary , Pearson Dominic
Published: November 2023

Behavioural monitoring has efficacy in predicting recidivism. As an intervention however, the proven effectiveness is limited. This study is an evaluation of the Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring scheme operating across open prisons in England and Wales, to reduce instances of failure (e.g. abscond, re-offending). Utilising a matched sample design, logistic regression analyses showed Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring had null effects on serious recidivistic outcomes (e.g. abscond, reoffending). Those allocated to Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring were more likely to get recalled before completing the intervention. In essence, Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring was utilised primarily as a surveillance programme – to defend against risk exposure – resulting in recalls to closed prisons misaligned to the community recidivism risk; undermining the open prison concept. We discuss the findings in the context of the adverse effects of ‘surveillance only’ community supervision programmes. We argue for developing the rehabilitative potential within Enhanced Behaviour Monitoring and mitigating against excessive risk exposure through systems level policy change.
The role of the health visitor
Authors: Shimwell Dr Lucy , White Dr Tim , Green Jacqueline
Published: November 2023

The role of the health visitor has evolved over time, but their work remains vital to ensuring the health and wellbeing of families with infants and pre-school children. Every child in the United Kingdom should have a health visitor from as early as the antenatal period and have several planned contacts during the first five years of their lives. It is therefore imperative that GPs have a sound understanding of the role and responsibilities of health visitors and how they can work together most effectively. This article will outline the origins of health visiting, the role of health visitors today, and provide an example of how a strong partnership between health visitors and GPs is essential in primary care.
Educational Sustainability: An Anthropocenic Study in the Wake of the 2022 Floods in Pakistan
Authors: Sujaya Krisna , Abdul-Haq Zeenat , Imran Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Highlights

Pakistan's worst flooding occurred in 2022 and highlighted the critical link between educational and environmental sustainability. The 2022 floods took a heavy toll on the lives of 27,148 children. Educational sustainability suffered, affecting 33 million students at all levels. This study employed qualitative methods to examine the scenario post the 2022 flood in Pakistan, focusing on educational, psychological, and physical vulnerabilities. Information was drawn from newspaper reports, NGO documents, and data from the disaster management department. The research identified significant challenges faced by school-age children and proposed solutions. Setting up temporary schools, wetland restoration, urban planning reforms, and inter-agency coordination are vital. Moreover, training teachers and involving children in environmental education and awareness campaigns are recommended. Beyond infrastructure improvements, the study underscores the importance of incorporating climate change, disaster management, and natural catastrophe risks into the curriculum and teaching methods to prepare the youth for future environmental challenges.
The Intraoral Findings of the Patient with Robinow Syndrome and the Related Dental Treatment Approaches: A Case Report
Authors: Saraç Fatma , Baş Aybike , Çelikel Periş , Şengül Fatih
Published: November 2023

Initially defined by Robinow et al. in 1969, Robinow syndrome is an exceptionally uncommon (1:500,000) hereditary disorder showing five distinct phenotypes. Although skeletal system symptoms are intense in all phenotypes, maxillofacial indications and genital organ hypoplasia are also present. Maxillofacial appearances can be listed as follows: hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia, wide and flat nose, low nasal bridge, downturned oral commissures, low-set ears, and micrognathia. In oral manifestations, gingival hyperplasia, tongue, and dental abnormalities are frequently encountered. The detection of intraoral and extraoral findings by the dentist plays a significant role in the diagnosis of this disease. Additionally, every new case documented will help dentists plan treatment approaches. Therefore, in this case report we aimed to describe the manifestations of a patient with Robinow syndrome who was referred to us by a pediatric cardiologist for her dental treatments and also the treatment approach under general anesthesia.