bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Locally Advanced Breast Cancer—A Narrative Review of Management in the Indian Scenario
Authors: Rao Manjula , Dhanushkodi Manikandan
Published: August 2021

Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) forms a significant proportion of the total breast cancer (BC) burden in the country. It is a heterogeneous entity, encompassing a variety of presentations indicative of advanced disease. The standard of care for the treatment of LABC is multimodal, involving chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, and/or hormonal therapy. With improved understanding of the biology of BC, addition of newer agents of systemic therapy to our armamentarium, advances in surgical techniques and radiation delivery, clinicians are now able to tailor treatment according to the individual and consider a more conservative approach to management (in contrast to a mandatory radical mastectomy, decades ago), disease biology, and stage permitting with better survival outcomes. Here, we review all the treatment modalities and options available to aid a clinician in formulating an optimal treatment plan for a patient presenting with LABC and also how best to tailor the treatment to enable cost effectiveness in the Indian setting.
Managing Life-Threatening Malignant Superior Mediastinal Syndrome in Pregnancy: When Benefits of Radiation and Chemotherapy Outweigh the Risks—A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Arora Aashima , Prakash Gaurav , Bagga Rashmi , Srinivasan Radhika , Jain Arihant
Published: August 2021

There is scarce literature on managing superior mediastinal syndrome during pregnancy. We report a case of 26-year-old primigravida who presented with life-threatening superior mediastinal syndrome at 32 weeks of gestation. The diagnosis was significantly delayed and, as a result, she reached the emergency with stridor and impending respiratory failure. She was diagnosed with primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma Lugano Stage II with a bulky mediastinal mass. She was treated with chemoimmunotherapy and underwent a preterm vaginal delivery after a week. She delivered a 1.6 kg healthy child with no malformations. Later, she completed three cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisolone and five cycles of dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisolone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, rituximab, followed by radiotherapy. She continues to be in remission at 18 months of follow-up. Delaying diagnostic imaging that involves ionizing radiation exposure and chemotherapy to avoid teratogenic and obstetric complications during pregnancy can adversely affect the prognosis in certain patients with high-grade malignancies. On the contrary, prompt multidisciplinary management can lead to a gratifying outcome.
Polic(sh)ing up the Leipzig Main Station: an ethnographic reflection on abjection, space and resistance
Authors: Kirndörfer Elisabeth
Published: August 2021

In this article, I explore the interplay of abjection, space and resistance at the example of a protest intervention that reclaims a highly policed urban space in the city of Leipzig (Saxony, Eastern Germany)—the Main Station. Methodologically, I combine ethnographic material collected throughout the process of a performative counter-action attempting to reclaim and re-imagine Leipzig Main Station as a venue and politicized space with a contextual analysis regarding the discursive landscape evolving around and shaping this urban locale. My empirical analysis is structured along the theoretical discussion of abjection: While Butler's theorization (Butler in Bodies that matter, Routledge, New York, 1993) allows me to focus on the formative power of spatial exclusion and the disruptive potential of protest, theoretical accounts in which abjection is conceived as a “threshold zone” or “overlap space” (Sharkey and Shields in Child Geogr 6:239–256, 2008; Vighi et al. in Between urban topographies and political spaces. Threshold experiences, Lexington Books, Lanham, 2014) help me to outline ‘abject space’ as a space of negotiation and contradiction.
Quaternary ouzo droplets provide method for forming porous microstructures made from silk
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: August 2021

Cost-effective spontaneous emulsion technique related to making cocktails points the path forward for creating silk supraparticles for drug delivery.
High-speed laser speckle imaging to unravel picoliter drop-on-demand to substrate interaction
Authors: Antonelli R. , Fokkink R. , Tomozeiu N. , Sprakel J. , Kodger T. E.
Published: August 2021

Understanding phenomena such as evaporation and imbibition of picoliter droplets into porous substrates is crucial in printing industry to achieve a higher printing quality and print speed. After printing, the residual pigment must remain fixed at the desired location on a substrate and be of a desired volume to yield a high resolution and vibrantly printed page that has become the expectation of modern printing technology. Current research entails not only chemical composition of the ink but also how this links to the dynamics and interactions that occur between the ink and the substrate at every stage of the printed spot formation, including evaporation, wetting, and imbibition. In this paper, we present an instrument that can print on-demand picoliter volume droplets of ink onto substrates and then immediately record on evolution of the resulting dynamics when these two materials interact. This high-speed laser speckle imaging (HS-LSI) technique has been developed to monitor nanometer displacement of the drying and imbibing ink droplet at a high frame rate, up to 20000 Hz, given the short timescales of these interactions. We present the design of the instrument, discuss the related challenges and the theory underlying the LSI technique, specifically how photons non-evasively probe opaque objects in a multiple scattering regime, and show how this technique can unravel the dynamics of drying and imbibition. We will finish giving a validation on the instrument and an example of its usage.
Conversion of Shockley partial dislocation pairs from unexpandable to expandable combinations after epitaxial growth of 4H-SiC
Authors: Nishio J. , Ota C. , Iijima R.
Published: August 2021

Conversion of Shockley partial dislocation pairs from unexpandable to expandable combinations has been considered possible during epitaxial growth. The step-flow model was proposed to explain the conversion, in which an unexpandable 30° C-core partial dislocation in the substrate changes into an expandable 30° Si-core partial dislocation in the epitaxial grown layer. We observed this conversion experimentally by a transmission electron microscope and confirmed the core-species change by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. In addition, other unexpandable combinations of partial dislocations were examined for the possibility of converting to expandable. As a result, the unexpandable basal plane dislocations with a Burgers vector of ±(1/3)[112¯0] in the substrate were confirmed to be a necessary condition for forming expandable 30° Si-core partial dislocations after epitaxial growth that could expand single Shockley-type stacking faults and degrade reliability of 4H-SiC power devices.
Synthesis and characterization of catalytic CVD growth pristine and functionalized MWCNT
Authors: Haldar Toton , Kumar Utkarsh , Yadav B. C. , Kumar V. V. Ravi Kanth
Published: August 2021

The catalyzed CVD method is considered significant for the production of low cost and high yield carbon nanostructures. In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized using a facile and efficient way with the modified CVD method, using Co nanoparticles as the metallic catalysis for MWCNT growth, in a distinct temperature range of 650–750 °C. The structural and magnetic properties of pristine and functionalized MWCNT (p-MWCNT and f-MWCNT) are investigated in the temperature range of 10–300 K. The phase structure of all MWCNT samples was analyzed using various characterization techniques, namely, x-ray diffraction, Raman, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis suggested that the diameter of MWCNTs increases with a rise in the growth temperature, but the nanotube density decreases at 750 °C. Temperature-dependent magnetization studies of the p-MWCNT and f-MWCNT samples were investigated using a quantum design physical property measurement system-vibrating sample magnetometer mode. The magnetic properties and the effect of the growth temperature and acid functionalization on the morphology of MWCNT were also investigated. The results revealed that the diamagnetism effect of the graphitic nanotubes is dominating for p-MWCNT, and it reduces for f-MWCNT. A possible explanation for this feature is discussed in detail in the later part of this article. It may be considered that this study, which emerged with different growth temperatures of MWCNTs using a facile method for gaining control over magnetic properties, can be fundamental for further consideration of magnetic MWCNTs for various potential applications.
Flow field prediction of supercritical airfoils via variational autoencoder based deep learning framework
Authors: Wang Jing , He Cheng , Li Runze , Chen Haixin , Zhai Chen , Zhang Miao
Published: August 2021

Effective access to obtain the complex flow fields around an airfoil is crucial in improving the quality of supercritical wings. In this study, a systematic method based on generative deep learning is developed to extract features for depicting the flow fields and predict the steady flow fields around supercritical airfoils. To begin with, a variational autoencoder (VAE) network is designed to extract representative features of the flow fields. Specifically, the principal component analysis technique is adopted to realize feature reduction, aiming to obtain the optimal dimension of features in VAE. Afterward, the extracted features are incorporated into the dataset, followed by the mapping from the airfoil shapes to features via a multilayer perception (MLP) model. Eventually, a composite network is adopted to connect the MLP and the decoder of VAE for predicting the flow fields given the airfoil. The proposed VAE network achieves compression of high-dimensional flow field data into ten representative features. The statistical results indicate the accurate and generalized performance of the proposed method in reconstructing and predicting flow fields around a supercritical airfoil. Especially, our method obtains accurate prediction results over the shock area, indicating its superiority in conducting turbulent flow under high Reynolds number.
A UV-enhanced, self-powered detector with graphene p–n junction grown in situ on SiC(0001) with periodic boron ion modulation
Authors: Guo Yunlong , Guo Liwei , Zhou Kaiyao , Yang Junwei , Xu Zhi , Bai Xuedong
Published: August 2021

Graphene p–n junctions hold great potential in the fields of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, we develop a scheme of the in situ growth of an epitaxial graphene (EG) lateral p–n junction on a semi-insulating SiC (0001) substrate with periodic boron ion implantation, and utilizing the advantages of EG, SiC, and p–n junctions in a two-terminal device at the same time, a high-performance UV-enhanced self-powered photodetector is prepared based on an EG p–n junction with a maximum Fermi level difference of about 210 mV. Moreover, when a 325-nm laser locally irradiates the p-terminal of the device, its responsivity is about six times higher than when the laser locally irradiates the n-terminal. This indicates that EG on SiC with a p-type modulated subsurface is conducive to designing efficient UV photodetectors in which SiC serves as the gain medium. All of these characteristics facilitate the growth of EG p–n junctions on a wafer scale and the fabrication of EG p–n junctions for optoelectronic and electronic devices using standard semiconductor synthesis procedures.
Infrared harmonic features of collagen models at B3LYP-D3: From amide bands to the THz region
Authors: Cutini Michele , Ugliengo Piero
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we have studied the vibrational spectral features for the collagen triple helix using a dispersion corrected hybrid density functional theory (DFT-D) approach. The protein is simulated by an infinite extended polymer both in the gas phase and in a water micro-solvated environment. We have adopted proline-rich collagen models in line with the high content of proline in natural collagens. Our scaled harmonic vibrational spectra are in very good agreement with the experiments and allow for the peak assignment of the collagen amide I and III bands, supporting or questioning the experimental interpretation by means of vibrational normal modes analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IR spectroscopy in the THz region can detect the small variations inherent to the triple helix helicity (10/3 over 7/2), thus elucidating the packing state of the collagen. So far, identifying the collagen helicity is only possible by means of crystal x-ray diffraction.
Silk fibroin supraparticles created by the evaporation of colloidal Ouzo droplets
Authors: Lamb Ashley , He Fengjie , Zhai Shengjie , Zhao Hui
Published: August 2021

Due to its high biocompatibility and biodegradability, supraparticles made from silk fibroin—produced from Bombyx mori (B. mori) cocoons—can find various applications in biomedical fields. The evaporation of Ouzo droplets by not requiring energy nor a surfactant is an environmentally friendly, easy, and cost-effective strategy to fabricate three-dimensional supraparticles, tackling the so-called “coffee ring effect” associated with droplet evaporation. Silk fibroins are dissolved into quaternary droplets, comprised of ultrapure water, ethanol, trans-anethole oil, and formic acid. The Ouzo droplet is able to form an oil ring that facilitates the droplet contraction to create a three-dimensional supraparticle. Using the Ouzo effect to fabricate these particles from silk fibroin results in consistent macro-porous structures with a high porosity.
Dense-vapor effects in compressible internal flows
Authors: Tosto Francesco , Lettieri Claudio , Pini Matteo , Colonna Piero
Published: August 2021

Paradigmatic compressible one-dimensional flows provide insights regarding the loss mechanisms of fluid machinery components typical of power and propulsion systems, like turbomachines and heat exchangers. Their performance also depends on the working fluid, thus, on both molecular complexity and thermodynamic state. Four typical flow configurations have been investigated, namely, Rayleigh and Fanno flows, mixing of two co-flowing streams, and flow injection into a mainstream. It was found that the Grüneisen parameter allows the quantitative characterization of the influence of molecular complexity on losses. Moreover, the influence of dense vapor effects has been evaluated and assessed in terms of other fluid parameters. The analysis allowed the quantification of how, in Rayleigh flows, the energy transferred as heat is converted into kinetic and internal energy of the fluid, and, in Fanno flows, entropy is generated due to friction. In Rayleigh flow, the fluid at the inlet of the channel must have more energy for the flow to choke, depending on the molecular complexity. Similarly, in Fanno flows and for a given value of the compressibility factor, molecular complexity determines the choking point in the channel, and the higher its value the further downstream is the location. Moreover, for both Fanno and Rayleigh flows, if the flow is subsonic and dense vapor effects are relevant, the Mach number varies non-monotonically along the channel. Finally, it was proven that the amount of entropy generated in mixing flows increases with both the fluid molecular complexity and with the thermodynamic non-ideality of the fluid states.
The generation of acoustic Airy beam with selective band based on binary metasurfaces: Customized on demand
Authors: Tang Shuai , Ren Bin , Feng Yuxin , Song Jie , Jiang Yongyuan
Published: August 2021

In this work, we present a type of binary metasurface (BM) to generate an acoustic Airy beam in air. Two coding bits, a rectangular cavity (bit “0”) and a waveguide with seven Helmholtz resonators (bit “1”), are adopted to construct the acoustic structure, which offers degrees of freedom to manipulate the transmitted field. The operating band is capable of customizing in an ultrabroadband of 3000–15 000 Hz owing to the linear-like phase shift and high transmittance of the coding bits. To verify the feasibility of the design, a BM with a certain parameter (w = 5) is fabricated with photosensitive resin via stereolithography, and the working band is customized as 4000–5500 Hz. The experiment results show that the apparent self-bending beam is able to be generated in a broadband, which agree well with the numerical simulation. In addition, we further demonstrate that self-focusing can be realized by taking advantage of two symmetrical BMs conveniently, which improve the functionality of the coding bits. These results may provide potential application in biomedical ultrasound and nondestructive testing.
Simulation of imbibition in porous media with a tree-shaped fracture following the level-set method
Authors: Zhu Zhengwen , Song Zhenlong , Shao Zuliang , Wu Mingyang , Xu Xinrong
Published: August 2021

Imbibition is an important mechanism for enhancing oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs, such as shale and tight sandstone, and a tree-shaped network has been successfully used to characterize fracturing fracture. Therefore, understanding the imbibition mechanism in porous media with a tree-shaped fracture (TFPM) is important for developing low-permeability reservoirs. In this study, a simulation model for imbibition in TFPM was established based on the level-set method, and the model was verified by comparing it with an analytical solution. The influences of the fracture width, bifurcation angle, tortuosity, and water flow rate on imbibition in TFPM were then discussed. Based on the results, the following points have been established: (1) During the early stage, the imbibition in TFPM included countercurrent and a combined imbibition, and only countercurrent imbibition occurred during the later stage. (2) At a constant fracture width ratio, increasing the primary fracture width could reduce the residual oil in the TFPM, thereby improving the oil recovery factor. (3) At a fracture bifurcation angle ranging from 0° to 45°, the oil recovery factor increased as the bifurcation angle increased. (4) At a fracture tortuosity of 1.0 to 1.24, changes in tortuosity had little effect on the oil recovery factor during the early stage of imbibition, while it significantly affected the distribution of the residual oil. (5) At a water flow rate of 5 mm/s, the simulated oil recovery factor in the TFPM was highest. This investigation can provide a reference for the development of low-permeability reservoirs.
How severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 aerosol propagates through the age-specific upper airways
Authors: Islam Mohammad S. , Larpruenrudee Puchanee , Saha Suvash C. , Pourmehran Oveis , Paul Akshoy Ranjan , Gemci Tevfik , Collins Richard , Paul Gunther , Gu Yuantong
Published: August 2021

The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 causes significant respirational health problems, including high mortality rates worldwide. The deadly corona virus-containing aerosol enters the atmospheric air through sneezing, exhalation, or talking, assembling with the particulate matter, and subsequently transferring to the respiratory system. This recent outbreak illustrates that the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 is deadlier for aged people than for other age groups. It is evident that the airway diameter reduces with age, and an accurate understanding of SARS aerosol transport through different elderly people's airways could potentially help the overall respiratory health assessment, which is currently lacking in the literature. This first-ever study investigates SARS COVID-2 aerosol transport in age-specific airway systems. A highly asymmetric age-specific airway model and fluent solver (ANSYS 19.2) are used for the investigation. The computational fluid dynamics measurement predicts higher SARS COVID-2 aerosol concentration in the airway wall for older adults than for younger people. The numerical study reports that the smaller SARS coronavirus-2 aerosol deposition rate in the right lung is higher than that in the left lung, and the opposite scenario occurs for the larger SARS coronavirus-2 aerosol rate. The numerical results show a fluctuating trend of pressure at different generations of the age-specific model. The findings of this study would improve the knowledge of SARS coronavirus-2 aerosol transportation to the upper airways which would thus ameliorate the targeted aerosol drug delivery system.
Lattice Boltzmann method to simulate three-dimensional ion channel flow using fourth order Poisson–Nernst–Planck–Bikerman model
Authors: Saurabh Kumar , Solovchuk Maxim A. , Sheu Tony Wen-Hann
Published: August 2021

Over the past three decades, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been applied to a vast range of hydrodynamic and non-hydrodynamic (e.g., ion transport) systems. In conjunction with the immersed boundary method (IBM), the LBM has been successfully implemented to solve systems with complex geometries. In this study, the immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM) is implemented to simulate nanoscale ion transport. Traditionally, ion transport is described through the Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) equations where ionic interactions are included. In the current paper, the fourth order Poisson–Nernst–Planck–Bikerman (4PNPBik) model has been used. In addition to ionic interactions, the 4PNPBik model includes the effects of the finite size of particles (ions and water) and interactions between ions and its surrounding medium. Applicability of the 4PNPBik model is demonstrated through comparison of the experimental and predicted ion activity. Implementation of the 4PNPBik model has been validated by comparing the predicted current–voltage curve with the analytical result. The transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel of the vanilloid group (TRPV4) is used to demonstrate the applicability of this approach. The TRPV4 is a nonselective cation channel that prefers divalent cationic species over monovalent cations. In this study, this selectivity is demonstrated by comparing the concentration profiles of calcium, sodium, and chloride ions. Further, the role of the finite size of particles and nonlocal electrostatics is discussed by comparing the results obtained from the PNP and 4PNPBik models under identical initial and boundary conditions.
Control of low flow regions in the cortical vasculature determines optimal arterio-venous ratios
Authors: Qi Yujia , Roper Marcus
Published: August 2021

Significance

Lacking any ability to store glucose, the mammalian brain relies on a constant glucose and oxygen supply via the cerebral vasculature. In the cortex, this supply is maintained by parallel arterioles and venules. Yet, mathematical modeling of both real and idealized cortical networks shows that, far from being perfused uniformly, the cortex is strewn with regions of very low flow. Increasing the number of perfusing vessels increases the number of low-flow spots. Minimizing the influence of low-flow spots sets an optimal arteriole–venule ratio that we find to be closely recapitulated in data from real mammalian cortices. Further, low-flow regions complicate the regulation of metabolite delivery with neuronal activity, leading to unintuitive changes in perfusion when penetrating vessels dilate.
An outer-pore gate modulates the pharmacology of the TMEM16A channel
Authors: Dinsdale Ria L. , Pipatpolkai Tanadet , Agostinelli Emilio , Russell Angela J. , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Tammaro Paolo
Published: August 2021

Significance

The TMEM16A calcium-gated chloride channels participate in a range of vital physiological functions. TMEM16A channels are desirable new drug targets as their dysfunction can lead to pathology. In spite of this, their pharmacology is still in its infancy. Gaining insight into the mode of action and binding sites for test compounds forms the basis for the development of new TMEM16A-interacting drugs. Here, we demonstrate that intracellular calcium triggers a conformational change in the outer mouth of the channel, which enables entry of a small molecule into the pore. Characterization of this structural rearrangement defines a critical site for pharmacological intervention and reveals an aspect of calcium gating in the TMEM16A channel.
Genealogical structure changes as range expansions transition from pushed to pulled
Authors: Birzu Gabriel , Hallatschek Oskar , Korolev Kirill S.
Published: August 2021

Significance

Spatial dynamics are important for understanding genetic diversity in many contexts, such as cancer and infectious diseases. Coalescent theory offers a powerful framework for interpreting and predicting patterns of genetic diversity in populations, but incorporating spatial structure into the theory has proven difficult. Here, we address this long-standing problem by studying the coalescent in a spatially expanding population. We find the topology of the coalescent depends on the growth dynamics at the front, but not on the functional form of the growth function. Instead, the transition between coalescent topologies is determined by a single dynamical parameter. Our theory makes precise predictions about the effects of population dynamics on genetic diversity at the expansion front, which we confirm in simulations.
Morphological cell profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection identifies drug repurposing candidates for COVID-19
Authors: Mirabelli Carmen , Wotring Jesse W. , Zhang Charles J. , McCarty Sean M. , Fursmidt Reid , Pretto Carla D. , Qiao Yuanyuan , Zhang Yuping , Frum Tristan , Kadambi Namrata S. , Amin Anya T. , O’Meara Teresa R. , Spence Jason R. , Huang Jessie , Alysandratos Konstantinos D. , Kotton Darrell N. , Handelman Samuel K. , Wobus Christiane E. , Weatherwax Kevin J. , Mashour George A. , O’Meara Matthew J. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Sexton Jonathan Z.
Published: August 2021

Significance

Since its emergence in China in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic. Repurposing of FDA-approved drugs is a promising strategy for identifying rapidly deployable treatments for COVID-19. Herein, we developed a pipeline for quantitative, high-throughput, image-based screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cells that led to the identification of several FDA-approved drugs and clinical candidates with in vitro antiviral activity.
Genome-wide screen identifies curli amyloid fibril as a bacterial component promoting host neurodegeneration
Authors: Wang Chenyin , Lau Chun Yin , Ma Fuqiang , Zheng Chaogu
Published: August 2021

Significance

We investigate microbe–host interaction in the context of neurodegeneration by screening for
Escherichia coli
genes whose deletion alleviates Parkinson’s disease symptoms in the nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans
overexpressing human α-synuclein (α-syn, A53T). The screen yields 38
E. coli
genes that promote neurodegeneration. Two of these genes,
csgA
and
csgB
, code for proteins that form curli, one type of bacterial amyloid fibers. Curli cross-seeds and colocalizes with α-syn both in
C. elegans
neurons and human neuroblastoma cells. Curli-induced α-syn aggregations down-regulate mitochondrial genes, causing energy failure in neurons. Moreover, we found that curli may have general effects in promoting neuropathologies induced by different aggregation-prone proteins, such as A-β in Alzheimer’s disease, Huntingtin in Huntington’s disease, and SOD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Vanishing nematic order beyond the pseudogap phase in overdoped cuprate superconductors
Authors: Gupta Naman K. , McMahon Christopher , Sutarto Ronny , Shi Tianyu , Gong Rantong , Wei Haofei I. , Shen Kyle M. , He Feizhou , Ma Qianli , Dragomir Mirela , Gaulin Bruce D. , Hawthorn David G.
Published: August 2021

Significance

Understanding the character of the enigmatic pseudogap phase is a fundamental problem in the physics of the cuprate superconductors. Key to this problem is identifying what types of order, if any, are associated with pseudogap. Here, we establish using resonant X-ray scattering that electronic nematicity—a rotational symmetry breaking of the electronic structure—is linked to the onset of the pseudogap phase in the cuprate

La

1.6
−
x

Nd

0.4

Sr

x

CuO

4

(Nd-LSCO). We report vanishing of electronic nematicity either by raising the temperature through the onset of the pseudogap phase or by increasing hole doping through the pseudogap critical point, indicating that electronic nematic order is intimately tied to the pseudogap.
Bacterial translation machinery for deliberate mistranslation of the genetic code
Authors: Vargas-Rodriguez Oscar , Badran Ahmed H. , Hoffman Kyle S. , Chen Manyun , Crnković Ana , Ding Yousong , Krieger Jonathan R. , Westhof Eric , Söll Dieter , Melnikov Sergey
Published: August 2021

Significance

Aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs) are essential enzymes that mediate accurate expression of the genetic code. More than 96% of analyzed species possess duplicated aaRSs genes, which are presumed to encode canonical aaRSs. However, in this study, we show that some of these seemingly canonical aaRSs are in fact repurposed for deliberate mistranslation of the genetic code, enabling organisms to encode two amino acids using a single sense codon. This finding, along with the abundance of duplicated aaRSs genes, suggests that the deliberate mistranslation of sense codons may be more common than previously thought. More broadly, our work illustrates that extant genomes have many exciting functionalities that are currently hidden under a disguise of canonical tRNA synthetases and tRNAs.
Interdental /s/ in Salvadoran Spanish
Authors: Iraheta Ana Cecilia
Published: August 2021

This study provides a systematic account of the occurrence of interdental /s/ in Salvadoran Spanish and explores
speakers’ attitudes toward its use.

Specifically, it examines the linguistic, social, and stylistic contexts in which this understudied variant
occurs, and it describes how the speakers construct meaning through it despite being a stigmatized variant. It was found that this
variant is more likely to be observed in syllable-onset position both word-medially and initially. Additionally, it is more likely
to be observed in casual style in the youngest and oldest age groups and it is less likely observed in the speech of
professionals. There are indications that this variant is associated with an age-grading phenomena, which is also indicative of
stable variation. The present work fills an almost a 30+ year old gap left by previous studies that only briefly touched upon this
variant.
CD4+ T cells in the lungs of acute sarcoidosis patients recognize an Aspergillus nidulans epitope
Authors: Greaves Sarah A. , Ravindran Avinash , Santos Radleigh G. , Chen Lan , Falta Michael T. , Wang Yang , Mitchell Angela M. , Atif Shaikh M. , Mack Douglas G. , Tinega Alex N. , Maier Lisa A. , Dai Shaodong , Pinilla Clemencia , Grunewald Johan , Fontenot Andrew P.
Published: August 2021

Löfgren’s syndrome (LS) is an acute form of sarcoidosis characterized by a genetic association with HLA-DRB1*03 (HLA-DR3) and an accumulation of CD4+ T cells of unknown specificity in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Here, we screened related LS-specific TCRs for antigen specificity and identified a peptide derived from NAD-dependent histone deacetylase hst4 (NDPD) of Aspergillus nidulans that stimulated these CD4+ T cells in an HLA-DR3–restricted manner. Using ELISPOT analysis, a greater number of IFN-γ– and IL-2–secreting T cells in the BAL of DR3+ LS subjects compared with DR3+ control subjects was observed in response to the NDPD peptide. Finally, increased IgG antibody responses to A. nidulans NDPD were detected in the serum of DR3+ LS subjects. Thus, our findings identify a ligand for CD4+ T cells derived from the lungs of LS patients and suggest a role of A. nidulans in the etiology of LS.
Surmounting structural barriers to tackle endemic infectious diseases
Authors: Calderón Felix , Fairlamb Alan H. , Strange Mike , Williams Pauline , Nathan Carl F.
Published: August 2021

A unique experiment in bringing academic and industrial scientists together to tackle endemic infectious diseases has proved a success. The Tres Cantos Open Lab Foundation, guided and advised by independent experts, funds extended stays of academics at the campus of a pharmaceutical company, where they access the firm’s resources in partnership with company scientists. Progress in tackling tuberculosis, protozoal infections, and enteric bacterial diseases has sustained the decade-long evolution of the model, whose distinctive features complement other public–private partnerships with similar goals.
The speed of the hair cell mechanotransducer channel revealed by fluctuation analysis
Authors: Beurg Maryline , Nam Jong-Hoon , Fettiplace Robert
Published: August 2021

Although mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channels have been extensively studied, uncertainty persists about their molecular architecture and single-channel conductance. We made electrical measurements from mouse cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) to reexamine the MET channel conductance comparing two different methods. Analysis of fluctuations in the macroscopic currents showed that the channel conductance in apical OHCs determined from nonstationary noise analysis was about half that of single-channel events recorded after tip link destruction. We hypothesized that this difference reflects a bandwidth limitation in the noise analysis, which we tested by simulations of stochastic fluctuations in modeled channels. Modeling indicated that the unitary conductance depended on the relative values of the channel activation time constant and the applied low-pass filter frequency. The modeling enabled the activation time constant of the channel to be estimated for the first time, yielding a value of only a few microseconds. We found that the channel conductance, assayed with both noise and recording of single-channel events, was reduced by a third in a new deafness mutant, Tmc1 p.D528N. Our results indicate that noise analysis is likely to underestimate MET channel amplitude, which is better characterized from recordings of single-channel events.
Recovering the potential and order in one-dimensional time-fractional diffusion with unknown initial condition and source
*
Authors: Jin Bangti , Zhou Zhi
Published: August 2021

This paper is concerned with an inverse problem of recovering a potential term and fractional order in a one-dimensional subdiffusion problem, which involves a Djrbashian–Caputo fractional derivative of order α ∈ (0, 1) in time, from the lateral Cauchy data. In the model, we do not assume a full knowledge of the initial data and the source term, since they might be unavailable in some practical applications. We prove the unique recovery of the spatially-dependent potential coefficient and the order α of the derivation simultaneously from the measured trace data at one end point, when the model is equipped with a boundary excitation with a compact support away from t = 0. One of the initial data and the source can also be uniquely determined, provided that the other is known. The analysis employs a representation of the solution and the time analyticity of the associated function. Further, we discuss a two-stage procedure, directly inspired by the analysis, for the numerical identification of the order and potential coefficient, and illustrate the feasibility of the recovery with several numerical experiments.
Experimental overview on pairing mechanisms of BiCh2-based (Ch: S, Se) layered superconductors
Authors: Hoshi Kazuhisa , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu
Published: August 2021

BiCh2-based (Ch: S, Se) layered superconductors have attracted extensive attentions because of variation of materials and physical characteristics, which include relatively large spin–orbit coupling originating from bismuth 6p orbitals, and the possibility of anisotropic superconducting gap. Some of theoretical studies suggested that anisotropic superconductivity is realized in the BiCh2-based superconductors. In experimental studies, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurement on the superconducting states of Nd(O,F)BiS2 have revealed the anisotropic structure of the superconducting gap, and the absence of isotope effect have been reported, indicating unconventional superconductivity pairing. Furthermore, two-fold-symmetric in-plane anisotropy of magnetoresistance have been observed in the superconducting states of some of Bi(S,Se)2-based systems like La(O,F)Bi(S,Se)2 while the crystal structure possesses a tetragonal square plane with four-fold symmetry. Those results indicate nematic superconductivity is emerging in BiCh2-based superconductors. On the basis of the observations suggesting unconventional superconductivity in BiCh2-based systems, clarification of pairing mechanisms of superconductivity in BiCh2-based superconductors have been highly desired. In this article, we review experimental results on the superconducting gap structure, the pairing mechanism, and related phenomena of BiCh2-based superconductors.
The Influence of the Building Mass Configuration of Settlements around the UNNES Campus on Environmental Carrying Capacity
Authors: Prihanto T , Purwanto E , Pandelaki E E
Published: August 2021

The impact of the development of the UNNES Campus in Sekaran, a suburb of Semarang City, has become a trigger for the growth of new activities which require the provision of new spaces, especially settlements. This phenomenon shows the growth of settlements that ignore the environment. This study aims to examine the influence of the building mass configuration of settlements around the UNNES Sekaran Campus on environmental carrying capacity as a buffer zone for Semarang City. This studi uses descriptive exploratory method which aims to describe the state of a phenomenon in the field. The results of this study are the influence of the building mass configuration of settelements on environmental carrying capacity. The configuration of the building mass that does not pay attention to rainwater infiltration and reduction of sun exposure has an impact on reducing the supporting capacity of the environment and reducing occupant comfort.
The Effect of Reinforcement of Bamboo Matting, Bamboo Grids, and Geotextiles on Non-Woven Increasing the Carrying Capacity of Clay Soil Using the Loading Test
Authors: Pinka H F , Wibowo D E , Endaryanta  , Munawir R
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, various soil improvement methods have been developed. One of them is the soil reinforcement method as an alternative solution to subsidence and low soil bearing capacity. This study aimed to determine the effect of reinforcing bamboo mats, bamboo grids, and geotextiles non-woven on increasing the bearing capacity of clay soil and comparing the bearing capacity of each variation with the value of the bearing capacity without reinforcement. This research is an experimental study using the loading method with the modeling of the underburdened soil conditions. This study uses woven bamboo reinforcement, bamboo grids, and geotextiles non-woven. Each effect of the reinforcing material on the clay is sought for the ultimate bearing capacity value. The results showed that: (1) the type of soil according to the USCS classification in Kalangan Hamlet, Bangunjiwo Village, Kasihan District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region is inorganic clay with high plasticity, fat clays with code CH (high clay plasticity). According to AASHTO, the soil classified in group A-7-6 (40), (2) the addition of reinforcing bamboo mats, grids bamboo, and geotextiles non-woven can increase the ultimate bearing strength (3) strengthening the bamboo grid can provide an increase in value. The ultimate bearing strength (qult), which is dominant, is 3.4 times that of the original soil without reinforcement with a bearing capacity ratio (BCR) of 3.44 or a 234.43% increase in percentage. This study shows that bamboo is more effective in transferring and spreading loads to the soil.
Strengthening of Non-Engineered Building with Steel Plate to Increase Seismic Performance
Authors: Purwanto E , Kristiawan S A , Sangadji S , Saifullah H A
Published: August 2021

Residential buildings are included in the category of non-engineered buildings that suffered the most damage during an earthquake. This is because most of the building materials used and the working techniques, especially the reinforcement, do not meet the requirements. This research will be reviewed numerically using ATENA software on three types of numerical models, each of which represents non-engineered buildings, engineered buildings and reinforcement models with steel plates. The results showed that the non-engineered building model would experience the largest deflection and the smallest load bearing capacity, while the other 2 models experienced a smaller displacement with a greater load capacity. The best performance is shown in models with steel plate reinforcement, so that the reinforcement of steel plates in non-technical buildings will effectively increase the performance of non-engineered buildings.
Initial Study of Arterial Road Traffic and Socio-Economic Characteristics in Malang Regency
Authors: Susilowati  , Susanti Aria Indah , Nugroho Meriana Wahyu
Published: August 2021

Malang Regency is an area with the second busiest road traffic after Surabaya. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of the movement of speed and volume of traffic and performance on arterial roads in Malang Regency. The data collection technique used literature study, conducted a survey at each location point of the research area with the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT). The analysis technique used the Highway Capacity Manual Indonesia (MKJI) 2017. The results showed that the level of road service with category B was in Wonosari District with a saturation degree of 0.372, the level of road service category C was in Wagir, Gedangan, Ngajum and Tirtoyudo Districts with saturation degrees between 0.565-0.678 and the level of road service category D in Wajak District with degree of saturation 0.798. Meanwhile, 27 roads have a poor service level which is included in the E and F categories with the degree of saturation > 0.850. Recommend policies regarding restrictions on the use of private vehicles and alternative traffic engineering to divert transportation routes to new land uses and to more intensively disseminate information to the public on using public transportation as a means of daily transportation.
Marshall Characteristic Of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course Using Crude Palm Oil and Pen 60/70 As A Binder
Authors: Chaira  , Refiyanni M , Azwanda
Published: August 2021

Asphalt is one of the non-renewable natural resources. It is necessary to conduct various studies regarding alternative materials can be used as a substitute for asphalt. Crude palm oil (CPO) has almost the same texture and properties as asphalt, when it is heated it will melt so it can be substituted as a binding agent in the AC-WC layer. Based on the background, this study aims to analyze the effect of 50% CPO substitution and 50% pen 60/70 on the AC-WC layer. This research is based on the Public Works Department General specifications in 2010 using the marshall method by varying 50% CPO and 50% pen 60/70. Variation of 50% CPO and 50% 60/70 pen get Asphalt Optimum Content (AOC) value of 4.5% from the test results of 15 test specimens and 6 specimens using AOC. The results of the test with a 30-minute immersion (stability) all the characteristics meet the marshall parameters that are implied, namely: a stability value of 842 kg, a Flow of 3.1 mm, a VIM of 4.64%, a VMA of 15.30%, a VFB of 69, 67% and the MQ value of 271.51 kg / mm. Marshall testing with a 24-hour immersion (durability) did not meet the specifications required so that this pavement is not durable.
Perception of Pedestrian to Pedestrian Lane Conditions in Yogyakarta (Case Study: Gejayan Street, Sleman)
Authors: Luthfi M B , Hidayah R
Published: August 2021

Streets and sidewalks are inseparable for users. Users especially pedestrians use the sidewalk as access to move from one to another place. The existence of the sidewalk increases the ease in each person to continue to move in a place that is not too far apart so that it is more efficient and effective. Sidewalks with accessibility and environmental quality that support will make the community in an area. This research is a survey research using a questionnaire. Respondents were randomly selected as many as 100 people around Gejayan street sidewalk. The pedestrian classification is divided based on stationary pedestrians and mobiler pedestrians. Stationary pedestrians are pedestrians who carry out their daily activities around the sidewalk path. Whereas a mobile pedestrian is a pedestrian who uses the sidewalk pathway only as a path to move between places at certain times. The results showed the level of comfort of stationary pedestrians on Gejayan street was 55.74% and the level of comfort of mobile pedestrians on Gejayan street was 55.77%. So that it is obtained if the comfort level of both types of pedestrians are categorized as quite comfortable.
Android-Based Public Transport Violation Reporting Application
Authors: Yulianto Budi , Setiono
Published: August 2021

The rise of violations of traffic regulations and standard operating procedures for Batik Solo Trans public transport by public transport drivers is caused by weak law enforcement with limitations of law enforcement officials in its implementation. In this regard, a tool is needed to support law enforcement, particularly in relation to the violation reporting system of the traffic and standard operating procedures for Batik Solo Trans public transport. The reporting tool must be effective, efficient and transparent in its reporting system. The aim of the study is to develop an Android-based public transport violation reporting application called BST Watch App. Android is a Linux-based operating system designed for touch screen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android is an operating system with open source and Google releases the code under the Apache License. The application system is created by using the java programming language. The results of public transport violations characteristic analysis in the study area indicate that the type of violation which is often occurs is picking up and dropping off passengers at outside the bus stop. The implementation of the BST Watch App shows that this application is easy to use, practical, accurate, and transparent.
Development of Sustainable Infrastructure in Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Wibawa Bakti , Fauzi Ibnu , Novianti Dian A , Shabrina Nurul , Saputra Andika D , Latief Syahrizal A
Published: August 2021

The condition of limited infrastructure in Indonesia positions that current infrastructure is very important to be built immediately to support development in various fields so that economic, trade, industrial and other social activities run more smoothly and develop, so that the dynamics of society in all corners of the country will increase. The cost of producing electricity in Eastern Indonesia, such as Sulawesi, Papua, Maluku and Nusa Tenggara is currently 2 to 5 times the cost of producing electricity in Java, Bali and Sumatra. One of the ways that should be intensified is by building a small-scale Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) infrastructure concept that aims to meet the needs of gas consumers who do not receive gas pipelines or who require small volumes of gas, for example small capacity power plants, especially those in islands in Eastern Indonesia. In this archipelago, it is impossible for all regions to be connected by pipelines that cross the oceans, because of course it requires very large funds. The application of small-scale LNG technology is the right solution for LNG supply in Eastern Indonesia. If the energy infrastructure is available, the quality of human resources must also be improved so that they become human resources who are always active and always adapt to developments.