bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUÊNCIA DOS JOGOS ELETRÔNICOS E VIRTUAIS NO COMPORTAMENTO SOCIAL DOS ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Da Silva Cavalli Franciely , Ceron Trevisol Maria Teresa , Vendrame Thiago
Published: April 2018

O jogo constitui-se uma atividade universal que contribui para o desenvolvimento social, cognitivo e afetivo do ser humano. A percepção dos adolescentes em relação ao significado dos jogos eletrônicos e virtuais em seu cotidiano é a chave para a busca de respostas abordando algumas questões que caracterizem variáveis significativas como definição e importância, discriminação de quantidade de tempo, substituição de relações virtuais por reais, isolamento e possíveis comportamentos agressivos. Nesse sentido, a investigação buscou verificar a influência dos jogos eletrônicos e virtuais no comportamento social e interpessoal dos adolescentes. A parte empírica dessa investigação se deu por meio de um estudo exploratório de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa. A amostra desse estudo foi composta por 203 adolescentes de duas escolas públicas do município de Herval d’Oeste (SC). Como procedimento de coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário composto por questões objetivas e subjetivas; e para a análise, utilizou-se o conteúdo das respostas dos sujeitos participantes. Nos dados analisados, evidenciou-se que os adolescentes jogam por diversão, não percebendo componentes cognitivos e físicos que afetam o ato de jogar. A maior parte dos adolescentes, independente de gênero, apresentam preferências por jogos com componentes violentos. Conclui-se que os jogos eletrônicos e virtuais possuem características positivas e negativas de acordo com a percepção e significação do conceito subjetivo de cada indivíduo, tornando-se necessária a atenção ás reações disfuncionais do comportamento derivadas de sinais, sintomas e reações emocionais relacionadas com essa prática.
FILIAÇÕES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS EM PROJETOS DE MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA: ESTUDO SOBRE OS AUTORES QUE OS FUNDAMENTAM
Authors: Garcia Pascual Jesus , Júlia de Abreu Costa Áurea , Monteiro Clarindo Janaílson
Published: April 2018

O aumento da procura por cursos de pós-graduação no Ceará suscita o interesse pela investigação de aspectos concernentes aos mesmos. O presente artigo investiga as referências bibliográficas utilizadas, em projetos de mestrado, pelos candidatos que se submeteram à seleção do mestrado em Psicologia em universidade situada na cidade e Fortaleza (CE), no período de 2006 a 2010. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica/documental, cujo acervo consta de livros e documentos: fontes de estudo sobre a Psicologia – livros-texto, livros sobre epistemologia da Psicologia, livros-roteiro – e 52 projetos de mestrado. Recorremos aos livros para definir o que designamos por “autores basilares” na configuração da ciência psicológica – fundadores de teorias psicológicas ou fomentadores reconhecidos das mesmas. Os 52 projetos de mestrado foramanalisados quanto às referências bibliográficas utilizadas como fundamentação teórica, as quais foram comparadas com aquelas citadas nos livros-texto, livros sobre epistemologia da Psicologia e livros-roteiro. Isso nos permitiu identificar a proporcionalidade entre a utilização de “autores basilares” e a utilização de “autores emergentes”, aqueles que começam a ser referenciados em trabalhos científicos, mas não têm, ainda, contribuições consolidadas para o desenvolvimento daPsicologia. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os candidatos à Pós-Graduação em Psicologia mantêm equilíbrio na fundamentação teórica dos projetos, pois recorrem preferencialmente a “autores basilares” da Psicologia e de outras ciências, bem como, promovem o aparecimento de novos nomes no cenário científico psicológico, os “autores emergentes”.
Abandono de atendimento psicológico por crianças em uma clínica-escola
Authors: Regina dos Santos Cunha Tatiane , Pereira da Cruz Benetti Silvia
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste estudo é examinar, entre crianças que estiveram em atendimento psicológico numa clínica-escola, os fatores associados ao abandono psicoterápico. Para tal, foram analisados protocolos de atendimentos de crianças de 3 a 12 anos de idade, no período de 1999 a 2006, no arquivo de uma clínica-escola localizada na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS). Ao todo, 499 protocolos foram analisados e observou-se que entre as crianças atendidas 136 abandonaram o tratamento. Os achados apontam que as crianças que mais abandonam são encaminhadas, em sua maioria, por escolas, possuem entre 6 a 9 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, morando com a mãe somente. Os motivos de procura mais comuns entre essas crianças foram: problemas emocionais, de comportamento e dificuldades no ambiente escolar. Concluímos que se fazem necessários novos formatos de intervenções clínicas, voltados para qualidade da aliança terapêutica com os pais, principalmente nos momentos iniciais do processo terapêutico.
Depoimento sem dano: Dissidências e concordâncias na inquirição de crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Machado Ana Paula , Mônica Arpini Dorian
Published: April 2018

Este artigo aborda a percepção de profissionais de Direito, Psicologia e Serviço Social acerca do projeto de lei n. 35/2007, intitulado “Depoimento sem Dano” (DSD). Objetivou-se levantar junto aos profissionais a quem compete a execução do projeto suas opiniões, ideias e argumentos sobre a inquirição de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência. Foi realizado um estudoqualitativo, com a utilização da técnica de entrevistas semidirigidas. A análise dos dados foi realizada através da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados identificaram aspectos sobre o desenvolvimento do trabalho com o DSD, o olhar dos profissionais que trabalham na área, a percepção quanto à especificidade profissional dentro da proposta, e ainda, a compreensão de que o DSD se insere num momento de valorização da infância e das problemáticas a ela associadas. Conclui-se que a percepção dos profissionais que estão inseridos no contexto jurídico e executam o Depoimento sem Dano diferem das opiniões dos profissionais que criticam a proposta; sendo necessário manter um diálogo entre as partes.
A psicoterapia breve psicanalítica como proposta clínica no núcleo de atendimento e pesquisa da conjugalidade do instituto Sedes Sapientiae
Authors: R. M. Barone Bartilotti Márcia , Hegenberg Mauro , Tamashiro Alice , D. Modenesi Ana Cláudia , Fusaro Aparecida , Simões Juliana , Miranda Luciane , Maki Mirian
Published: April 2018

Este artigo tem como propósito apresentar os fundamentos teóricos e clínicos que embasam a proposta de psicoterapia breve de orientação psicanalítica no campo da conjugalidade, realizada pelo Núcleo de Atendimento e Pesquisa da Conjugalidade (NAPC) da Clínica Psicológica do Instituto Sedes Sapientiae. A psicoterapia breve de orientação psicanalítica é definida pelo respeito ao vértice psicanalítico, aliado ao limite de tempo previamente estabelecido e à presença de um foco. O foco é discriminado a partir das angústias de castração, de fragmentação e de perda de objeto e elucidado nas relações com os tipos de personalidade — obsessivo, narcísico e erótico — definidos por Freud e modificados por Bergeret e Hegenberg. A elucidação e a compreensão dos tipos de personalidade de cada um dos membros do casal e suas respectivas angústias possibilita o esclarecimentodas questões que advêm a partir dessas diferenças; diferenças essas geradoras dos conflitos conjugais que mobilizam o casal a buscar ajuda psicoterapêutica. A descrição de um caso clínico ilustra o manejo.
Poemas em busca de poetas: Uma reflexão sobre a multiplicidade do inconsciente
Authors: Weigert Janowski Jussara Maria
Published: April 2018

A ideia da pluralidade em psicanálise é tipicamente junguiana. Jung, a partir da teoria dos complexos, desenvolveu seu trabalho dando prioridade ao inconsciente. É o fundo comum da humanidade quem traz novas criações e possibilidades; e nós, junto com desenvolvimento pessoal, fazemos parte de uma base comum da humanidade: o inconsciente coletivo. Foi com esse conceito que Jung trouxe uma nova perspectiva de abordar a psique. Fernando Pessoa poeta recebe personagens, poemas e imagens do inconsciente, consegue acolhê-las e trabalhar com as imagens primordiais que lhes chega. Em suas obras, ao mesmo tempo em que o autor joga com o real e a fantasia, nos revela o surgimento desse sujeito múltiplo. A invenção dos heterônimos pelos quais assume identidades diferentes foi a resposta encontrada por Pessoa para a identidade cultural representada pelo sujeito unificado, em crise. riginados no espaço da invenção, os heterônimos explodem de maneira profética anunciando a fragmentação do indivíduo moderno. Ao nascer do fundo comum, Campos, Reis e Caeiro — manifestações sinceras — ganham vida própria e os diferentes “eus” são tratados como elementos autônomos. O poeta observa de longe, questiona sua unidade e se põe em processo. É um trabalho sem fim a tarefa das subpersonalidades em busca da unidade, da totalidade, tema que se faz presente em toda a sua obra. Jung assim como Pessoa concebe a psique como pluralidade e desconstrói a ideia de sujeito unitário. A partir dessa percepção se rompe o conceito de unidade da psique e a preponderância da vontade.
Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability of Three Classification Systems for Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Pham Peter , Dillard Sarita , Schilero Christina , Chiang Sharon
Published: April 2018

Background

There are more than ten classification systems currently used in the staging of hallux rigidus. This results in confusion and inconsistency with radiographic interpretation and treatment. The reliability of hallux rigidus classification systems has not yet been tested. We sought to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities of three commonly used classifications for hallux rigidus.

Methods

Twenty-one plain radiograph sets were presented to ten American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons board-certified foot and ankle surgeons. Each physician classified each radiograph based on clinical experience and knowledge according to the Regnauld, Roukis, and Hattrup and Johnson classification systems. The two-way mixed single-measure consistency intraclass correlation coefficient was used to calculate intrarater and interrater reliabilities.

Results

The mean ± SD intrarater reliability of individual sets for the Roukis (0.62 ± 0.19) and Hattrup and Johnson (0.62 ± 0.28) classification systems was fair to good and for the Regnauld system bordered between fair to good and poor (0.43 ± 0.24). The interrater reliability of the mean classification was excellent for all three classification systems.

Conclusions

Reliable and reproducible classification systems are essential for treatment and prognostic implications in hallux rigidus. Herein, the Roukis classification system had the best intrarater reliability. Although there are various classification systems for hallux rigidus, the present results indicate that the three classification systems evaluated show reliability and reproducibility.
Effects of Using Insoles of Different Thicknesses in Older Adults: Which Thickness Has the Best Effect on Postural Stability and Risk of Falling?
Authors: Büyükturan Öznur , Demirci Serdar , Büyükturan Buket , Yakut Yavuz
Published: April 2018

Background

Postural stability (PS) problems arise as individuals grow older, and as a result, risk of falling (RoF) increases in older adults. We sought to examine the effects of insoles of various thicknesses on PS and RoF in older adults.

Methods

Fifty-six study participants had PS and RoF evaluated statically and dynamically under five different conditions: barefoot, only-shoes, with 5-mm insoles, with 10-mm insoles, and with 15-mm insoles. Standard shoes with identical features were used. To avoid time-dependent problems, these assessments were performed under the same conditions in 3 consecutive weeks. The average of these three values was recorded.

Results

Insoles of different thicknesses significantly affected static PS (overall: P =.003; mediolateral [ML]: P =.021; anteroposterior [AP]: P =.006), static RoF (overall, ML, and AP: P < .001), dynamic RoF (overall: P = .003; ML: P = .042; AP: P = .050), and dynamic PS (overall: P = .034; AP: P = .041) but not dynamic PS ML (P = .071). For static PS overall, dynamic PS AP, static RoF overall and ML, and dynamic RoF overall and ML, the highest PS scores and the lowest RoF were recorded when using 10-mm insoles (P < .05).

Conclusions

The use of insoles of different thicknesses has been shown to be effective on all RoF and PS measurements except dynamic PS ML. The 10-mm-thick insole was a better option for elderly individuals to increase PS and reduce RoF compared. For older adults, 10-mm-thick insoles made of medium-density Plastozote may be recommended to help improve PS and reduce RoF.
Institusjonelt eiermangfold og et likeverdig barnehagetilbud
Authors: Haugset Anne Sigrid
Published: April 2018

Artikkelen sammenstiller og drøfter forskning på spenningen mellom institusjonelt mangfold blant eiere av norske barnehager, og myndighetenes ambisjoner om å gi et likeverdig barnehagetilbud til alle barn. Med basis i 14 forskningsartikler og rapporter fra perioden 2004-2017 finner jeg at private eiere av barnehager har stort handlingsrom og påvirkningskraft i barnehagesektoren. Både lovregulering og institusjonaliserte normer for et godt barnehagetilbud bidrar til at en ser små forskjeller etter eierskap. Disse normene utvikles og vedlikeholdes i nettverk som inkluderer private barnehager. Det har vært lite forskning på disse nettverkene og på de mykere styringsformene i sektoren. Det er spesielt behov for mer kunnskap om hvordan kommunene som forvaltningsorganisasjoner håndterer møtet med større og mer profesjonelle private barnehageeiere.This article reviews research on the tension between institutionally diverse owners of Norwegian early childhood centers/kindergartens and the governments ambitions of providing an equitable, high-quality service to all children. Based on 14 research articles and reports published between 2004 and 2017 I find that private owners of early childhood centers have considerable influence in the Norwegian ECEC-sector. Both legislation and institutionalized norms of what constitutes a good ECEC-service contribute to small differences according to ownership. These norms are developed and maintained in networks including also private early childhood centers. Few researchers have taken interest in the networks and other soft forms of governance in the Norwegian ECEC-sector. We need more knowledge on how the municipalities interact with large, professional private ECEC-owners.
Flavonoid biosynthesis controls fiber color in naturally colored cotton
Authors: Liu Hai-Feng , Luo Cheng , Song Wu , Shen Haitao , Li Guoliang , He Zhi-Gang , Chen Wen-Gang , Cao Yan-Yan , Huang Fang , Tang Shou-Wu , Hong Ping , Zhao En-Feng , Zhu Jianbo , He Dajun , Wang Shaoming , Huo Guang-Ying , Liu Hailiang
Published: April 2018

The existence of only natural brown and green cotton fibers (BCF and GCF, respectively), as well as poor fiber quality, limits the use of naturally colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A better understanding of fiber pigment regulation is needed to surmount these obstacles. In this work, transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse transcription PCR revealed that 13 and 9 phenylpropanoid (metabolic) pathway genes were enriched during pigment synthesis, while the differential expression of phenylpropanoid (metabolic) and flavonoid metabolic pathway genes occurred among BCF, GCF, and white cotton fibers (WCF). Silencing the chalcone flavanone isomerase gene in a BCF line resulted in three fiber phenotypes among offspring of the RNAi lines: BCF, almost WCF, and GCF. The lines with almost WCF suppressed chalcone flavanone isomerase, while the lines with GCF highly expressed the glucosyl transferase (3GT) gene. Overexpression of the Gh3GT or Arabidopsis thaliana 3GT gene in BCF lines resulted in GCF. Additionally, the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolites of BCF and GCF were significantly higher than those of WCF as assessed by a metabolomics analysis. Thus, the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway controls both brown and green pigmentation processes. Like natural colored fibers, the transgenic colored fibers were weaker and shorter than WCF. This study shows the potential of flavonoid pathway modifications to alter cotton fibers’ color and quality.
Stability of an ophthalmic formulation of polyhexamethylene biguanide in gamma-sterilized and ethylene oxide sterilized low density polyethylene multidose eyedroppers
Authors: Bouattour Yassine , Chennell Philip , Wasiak Mathieu , Jouannet Mireille , Sautou Valérie
Published: April 2018

Background

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) eye drops are a frequently used medication to treat Acanthamoeba keratitis. In the absence of marketed PHMB eye drops, pharmacy-compounding units are needed to prepare this much needed treatment, but the lack of validated PHMB stability data severely limits their conservation by imposing short expiration dates after preparation. In this study we aim to assess the physicochemical and microbiological stability of a 0.2 mg/mL PHMB eye drop formulation stored in two kinds of polyethylene bottles at two different temperatures.

Methods

A liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector stability-indicating method was validated to quantify PHMB, using a cyanopropyl bonded phase (Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-CN column 4.6 × 75 mm with particle size of 3.5 μm) and isocratic elution consisting of acetonitrile/deionized water (3/97 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. PHMB eye drops stability was assessed for 90 days of storage at 5 and 25 °C in ethylene oxide sterilized low density polyethylene (EOS-LDPE) and gamma sterilized low density polyethylene (GS-LDPE) bottles. The following analyses were performed: visual inspection, PHMB quantification and breakdown products (BPs) screening, osmolality and pH measurements, and sterility assessment. PHMB quantification and BP screening was also performed on the drops emitted from the multidose eyedroppers to simulate in-use condition.

Results

The analytical method developed meets all the qualitative and quantitative criteria for validation with an acceptable accuracy and good linearity, and is stability indicating. During 90 days of storage, no significant decrease of PHMB concentration was found compared to initial concentration in all stored PHMB eye drops. However, BP were found at day 30 and at day 90 of monitoring in both kind of bottles, stored at 5 and 25 °C, respectively. Although no significant variation of osmolality was found and sterility was maintained during 90 days of monitoring, a significant decrease of pH in GS-LDPE PHMB eye drops was noticed reaching 4 and 4.6 at 25 °C and 5 °C respectively, compared to initial pH of 6.16.

Discussion

Although no significant decrease in PHMB concentration was found during 90 days of monitoring in all conditions, the appearance of BPs and their unknown toxicities let us believe that 0.2 mg/mL PHMB solution should be conserved for no longer than 60 days in EOS-LDPE bottles at 25 °C.
Impact of polystyrene microplastics on Daphnia magna mortality and reproduction in relation to food availability
Authors: Aljaibachi Rana , Callaghan Amanda
Published: April 2018

Microplastics (MPs) in the environment continue to be a growing area of concern in terms of acute and chronic impacts on aquatic life. Whilst increasing numbers of studies are providing important insights into microparticle behaviour and impacts in the marine environment, a paucity of information exists regarding the freshwater environment. This study focusses on the uptake, retention and the impact of 2 µm polystyrene MPs in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna in relation to food intake (algae Chlorella vulgaris), with MP size chosen to approximately match the cell size of the algae. Daphnia were exposed to varied concentrations of MPs and algae. When exposed to a single concentration of MPs Daphnia almost immediately ate them in large quantities. However, the presence of algae, even at low concentrations, had a significant negative impact on MP uptake that was not in proportion to relative availability. As MP concentrations increased, intake did not if algae were present, even at higher concentrations of MPs. This suggests that Daphnia are selectively avoiding eating plastics. Adult Daphnia exposed to MPs for 21 days showed mortality after seven days of exposure in all treatments compared to the control. However significant differences were all related to algal concentration rather than to MP concentration. This suggests that where ample food is present, MPs have little effect on adults. There was also no impact on their reproduction. The neonate toxicity test confirmed previous results that mortality and reproduction was linked to availability of food rather than MP concentrations. This would make sense in light of our suggestion that Daphnia are selectively avoiding eating microplastics.
Integrated economic and environmental analysis of agricultural straw reuse in edible fungi industry
Authors: Lu Wencong , Yu Shuao , Ma Yongxi , Huang Hairong
Published: April 2018

Background

China currently faces severe environmental pollution caused by burning agricultural straw; thus, resource utilization of these straws has become an urgent policy and practical objective for the Chinese government.

Methods

This study develops a bio-economic model, namely, “straw resource utilization for fungi in China (SRUFIC),” on the basis of a field survey of an edible fungi plant in Zhejiang, China, to investigate an integrated economic and environmental performance of straw reuse in fungi production. Five scenarios, which cover changes in the production scale, wage level, and price fluctuations of the main product and inputs, are simulated.

Results

Results reveal that (1) the pilot plant potentially provides enhanced economic benefits and disposes added agricultural residues by adjusting its production strategy; (2) the economic performance is most sensitive to fungi price fluctuations, whereas the environmental performance is more sensitive to production scale and price of fungi than other factors; (3) expanding the production scale can be the most efficient means of improving the performance of a plant economically and environmentally.

Discussion

Overall, agricultural straw reuse in the edible fungi industry can not only reduce the environmental risk derived from burning abandoned straws but also introduce economic benefits. Thus, the straw reuse in the fungi industry should be practiced in China, and specific economic incentive policies, such as price support or subsidies, must be implemented to promote the utilization of agricultural straws in the fungi industry.
UMA ANÁLISE PARA A TRANSPOSIÇÃO DIDÁTICA DA CINÉTICA QUÍMICA
Authors: Silva Priscila Do Nascimento , Simões Neto José Euzebio , Silva Flávia Cristiane Vieira da
Published: April 2018

Podemos entender o processo de transposição didática como o conjunto de modificações as quais saber é submetido, da esfera acadêmica (saber científico) para o âmbito escolar, em duas etapas: externa (produz o saber a ser ensinado) e interna (produz o saber ensinado). Neste trabalho, analisamos a transposição didática do conteúdo cinética química, incialmente com foco na fase externa da transposição, observando as modificações até o estabelecimento do saber escolar. Em um segundo momento, procuramos identificar a partir de uma entrevista com três professores do Ensino Médio evidências do trabalho intramuros da sala de aula, com foco na etapa interna da transposição. Identificamos um processo de transposição rico em supressões e com a ocorrência de acréscimos e criações didáticas. Ainda, foi possível observar que a relação do professor ao saber determina o tempo de ensino do conteúdo, a repersonalização e recontextualização do saber e as estratégias didáticas utilizadas na prática.
ESTUDO SOBRE VULCÕES NO CLUBE DE CIÊNCIAS: ANÁLISE MICROGENÉTICA DO PROCESSO DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Adriano Graciele Alice Carvalho
Published: April 2018

Apresentamos o estudo a partir de um enxerto correspondente a pesquisa para dissertação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mestrado em Educação. A pesquisa foi em uma escola da Rede Estadual do Ensino, na cidade de Blumenau, participante do projeto de Escola Pública Integral - EPI. Pretendemos analisar um episódio de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de crianças, a mediação docente e semiótica em um Clube de Ciências, no estudo sobre vulcões. Utilizamos o método investigativo da pesquisa sociocultural (WERTSCH, 1998), de cunho qualitativo, com abordagem na análise microgenética (GOÉS, 2000). Nossa intenção consiste em analisar teoricamente  a partir da escola histórico cultural (VIGOTSKI, 2009; 2010), as videogravações realizadas durante a aula. A medida que as interações ocorriam sob a mediação da professora, percebeu-se ao analisar minuciosamente os diálogos e ações das crianças na videografia, indícios do desenvolvimento da ZDP.
UTILIZAÇÃO DAS ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Placido Reginaldo Leandro , Schons Manuir , Souza Maria José Carvalho de
Published: April 2018

O artigo analisou as estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem utilizadas por docentes de uma instituição de EPT. As metodologias foram: descritiva quanto aos objetivos; quantitativa em relação a sua natureza. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de survey. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi adaptado de López et al. (2011) que propõe dois modelos, um centrado no ensino e outro com foco na aprendizagem. Para a interpretação dos dados foram utilizadas a análise fatorial exploratória, estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo. O estudo mostrou que a maioria dos docentes utilizam estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem centradas no aluno. A pesquisa também mostrou que o perfil docente está ligado à história e origem da Instituição e que os docentes das áreas exatas do conhecimento aplicam estratégias centradas no professor/ensino, enquanto os professores das áreas das ciências humanas optam pelas estratégias centradas no aluno/aprendizagem.
ESTUDOS DO DISCURSO E DA TECNOLOGIA: PERSPECTIVAS CRÍTICAS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA, TECNOLOGIA E SOCIEDADE
Authors: Geremias Bethania Medeiros
Published: April 2018

Nesse artigo, promovo um diálogo entre a Teoria Crítica da Tecnologia a Análise de Discurso com o intuito de problematizar interpretações deterministas, instrumentalistas e neutras que acompanham os debates sobre o campo de conhecimento tecnológico na Educação Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade. Considero que o diálogo proposto fornece subsídios para a produção de deslocamentos de sentidos e das práticas educativas e tecnológicas que visam formar pessoas para a vida social e laboral. Ao mesmo tempo, a metáfora de cidade, utilizada por Feenberg, se apresenta como uma possibilidade de transformação no ensino de ciências e/ou tecnologias, produzindo, em meu entendimento, uma ruptura como o modelo de escola-universidade concebido em uma perspectiva fabril. Com base nos debates aqui engendrados é possível pensar uma educação transformadora, na qual a metáfora da cidade, aplicada no âmbito educacional, possa instaurar novas dinâmicas nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem de ciências e/ou tecnologia, em nível médio/técnico ou superior.
Response of winter wheat grain yield and water use efficiency to deficit irrigation in the North China Plain
Authors: Han Huifang , Zhenxing Yan Yujie Ren
Published: April 2018

Water resources in the North China Plain (NCP) are limited, so it’s in urgent need to optimize deficit by irrigation for sustainable winter wheat production in this area. Winter wheat grain yield (GY), contribution of dry matter (DM) remobilization to GY (CDMRG), and water use efficiency (WUE) were investigated in NCP. Compared with non-irrigation treatment, irrigated with 60 mm each at the winter wheat jointing stage (JS) and heading stage (HS) achieved reasonable winter wheat GY and WUE. Compared with irrigation with 120 mm only at JS and irrigation with 40 mm each at JS, HS, and milking stage (MS) of winter wheat, irrigation with 60 mm each at JS and HS provided the highest CDMRG, which resulted to the highest GY and WUE; this result was mainly due to a significant increase of the spike numbers (SN) per m2. The results suggest that in the NCP, in order to achieve reasonable GY and WUE, winter wheat should be irrigated with 60 mm each at JS and HS.
The effects of varied plant density and nitrogen fertilization on quantity and quality yield of Camelina sativa L.
Authors: Bobrecka-Jamro Magdalena Czarnik
Published: April 2018

False flax (Camelina sativa L.), is an oil plant, of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) family. It is a rediscovered crop with multiple uses, it is a frost proof, low-soil and climatic conditions plant. In Poland the variety is not very widespread, despite of its health benefits. The particular value of camelina oil is given by its content in polyunsaturated fatty acid (50-60%), by its content in omega 3 (35-40%) and by its content in omega 6 (15-20%). The seeds are used for the extraction of oil (used in medicine or as bio fuel) or directly as animal feed. The research was carried out in the years 2012-2014 at the Experimental Station of Cultivar Assessment in Przecław, Poland. The summer Camelina sativa cv. ‘Omega’was used for the experiment. The studied factors were: A-plant density (200, 300, 400 pcs. m-2) and B-nitrogen fertilization (50, 100 kg∙ha-1). With the increase of the sowing density significantly increased plant density after emergence and before harvest, but reduced the number of silicles per plant. Increase in the rates of sowing from 200 to 400 pcs. m-2 decreased the 1000 seeds weight. Sowing 200 seeds m-2 compared to higher norms had significant effect on reduction the number of seeds in silicle, seed yield and the content of the seeds Fe, but resulted in an increase in the content of the seeds Mn and Zn. On the other hand, sowing 400 seeds m-2 caused a reduction the protein in the seeds, K, and Mg, and an increase fat yield and crude fat content in seeds. The higher nitrogen dose significantly increased the number of silicles per plant, total protein content, Fe, Zn in the seeds, seed yield, yield total protein and the percentage of linoleic and linolenic acids, while reduced the number of seeds per silicle, the crude fat content in seeds and the percentage of oleic acid.
Characterizing the Present‐Day Activity of the Tunka and Sayan Faults Within Their Relay Zone (Western Baikal Rift System, Russia)
Authors: Ritz J.‐F. , Arzhannikova A. , Vassallo R. , Arzhannikov S. , Larroque C. , Michelot J.‐L. , Massault M.
Published: April 2018

The Sayan and Tunka faults are located at the boundary between the northernmost mountain belt of Central Asia (the Sayan‐Baikal ranges) and the Siberian platform. These prominent crustal structures were involved in the opening of the southern Baikal rift system since the beginning of the Cenozoic and define large‐scale sharp morphotectonic features. Despite low instrumental seismic activity, Late Pleistocene‐Holocene morphotectonic features along the two faults indicate that the faults are active and have the capacity to produce strong earthquakes. A careful mapping of the most recent trace of activity, within the south‐eastern parts of the two faults where they merge within a relay zone, demonstrates that they correspond now to left‐lateral‐reverse faults, suggesting a recent inversion of their vertical component. We also show that the two faults are now structurally connected via a young surface rupture and that no obvious post‐Last Glacial Maximum ruptures are observed along the central part of the Sayan Fault beyond its junction zone with the Tunka fault. This suggests that the left‐lateral strike‐slip deformation is transferred from the eastern Sayan fault to the Tunka fault. A detailed morphotectonic study along the south‐eastern Sayan fault allows estimating a left‐lateral slip rate between 1.3 (min) and 3.9 mm/year (max). Finally, a critical review of Russian paleoseismic data, combined with our paleoseismological investigations, allows us to propose that the mean recurrence time along the two faults is on the order of 4 kyr and that they may have either ruptured together or during seismic clusters.
Preservation of the Early Evolution of the Himalayan Middle Crust in Foreland Klippen: Insights from the Karnali Klippe, West Nepal
Authors: Soucy La Roche Renaud , Godin Laurent , Cottle John M. , Kellett Dawn A.
Published: April 2018

Although the India‐Asia collision has been ongoing since the Eocene, the exposed hinterland of the Himalayan orogen was pervasively deformed and metamorphosed at high temperature during the Miocene and hence reveals little information about the Eocene‐Oligocene period of collision. New pressure‐temperature‐time‐deformation data from the Karnali klippe in west Nepal foreland demonstrate that Greater Himalayan sequence (GHS) rocks there escaped the Miocene overprint and consequently unveil the early tectonometamorphic evolution of the middle crust. Prograde metamorphism in the GHS occurred at 40 Ma and peak suprasolidus conditions in the kyanite stability field (i.e., >650–700°C and >0.7–1.0 GPa) were attained between 35 and 30 Ma. Peak metamorphism was followed by cooling, decompression, and melt crystallization at circa 30 Ma during tectonic exhumation below the South Tibetan detachment. As the middle crust was exhumed, strain propagated up section within the South Tibetan detachment high‐strain zone, which remained active through circa 16 Ma. The GHS cooled below ~450–475°C at 20–17 Ma on the southwest flank and 17–14 Ma on the northeast flank of the Karnali klippe. In marked contrast, GHS rocks now exposed in the hinterland were still buried, hot and actively deforming, while the foreland was cooled and exhumed. Oligocene cooling of the frontal tip of the GHS is compatible with the southward extrusion of partially molten midcrustal rocks followed by renewed shortening along out‐of‐sequence shear zones in the hinterland.
Reduction of seed motion using a bio‐absorbable polymer coating during permanent prostate brachytherapy using a mick applicator technique
Authors: Warrell Gregory R. , Xing Yan , Podder Tarun K. , Traughber Bryan J. , Ellis Rodney J.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The addition of a braided bio‐absorbable vicryl coating to the surface of radioactive seeds used for low dose rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy is intended to reduce the incidence of seed movement and migration. Here, we present a single‐institution study of the frequency and severity of seed slippage (initial seed movement) of coated seeds in comparison with uncoated seeds.

Methods

Forty‐seven patients received permanent prostate brachytherapy, with either coated (n = 26) or uncoated (n = 21) seeds. AgX100 125I seeds, coated or uncoated, and uncoated Model 200 103Pd seeds were used. During the ultrasound‐guided implantation procedure, each implanted seed was categorized as having remained in the implanted position after being placed, having moved slightly, or having left the ultrasound field of view.

Results

3.1% of the coated seeds (AgX100 seeds, n = 70) and 6.9% of the uncoated seeds (AgX100 and Model 200 seeds, n = 128) were observed to have moved at least 2 mm from their initial implant positions, respectively. The difference in incidence of this movement was 54.4% (P = 0.0026). Coated AgX100 seeds demonstrated a 66.7% lower rate of movement of at least 2 mm than that for uncoated AgX100 seeds (P = 0.038), and a 49.0% lower rate than that for Model 200 seeds (P = 0.021). While no significant differences were noted in prescription dose coverage of the prostate or the studied dosimetric parameters for the organs at risk between the coated and uncoated seeds (P > 0.05) in the CT‐based Day‐0 postoperative plans, the limited sample size and differences in energies between the 125I and 103Pd seeds make further analysis of postoperative dosimetric coverage difficult without additional data directly comparing the coated and uncoated 125I seeds.

Conclusion

When the vicryl coating is used, seeds have a significantly lower propensity to slip from their initial implant locations. This may help maintain dosimetric integrity, warranting further study of postoperative dosimetry.
Image quality and absorbed dose comparison of single‐ and dual‐source cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Miura Hideharu , Ozawa Shuichi , Okazue Toshiya , Kawakubo Atsushi , Yamada Kiyoshi , Nagata Yasushi
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Dual‐source cone‐beam computed tomography (DCBCT) is currently available in the Vero4DRT image‐guided radiotherapy system. We evaluated the image quality and absorbed dose for DCBCT and compared the values with those for single‐source CBCT (SCBCT).

Methods

Image uniformity, Hounsfield unit (HU) linearity, image contrast, and spatial resolution were evaluated using a Catphan phantom. The rotation angle for acquiring SCBCT and DCBCT images is 215° and 115°, respectively. The image uniformity was calculated using measurements obtained at the center and four peripheral positions. The HUs of seven materials inserted into the phantom were measured to evaluate HU linearity and image contrast. The Catphan phantom was scanned with a conventional CT scanner to measure the reference HU for each material. The spatial resolution was calculated using high‐resolution pattern modules. Image quality was analyzed using ImageJ software ver. 1.49. The absorbed dose was measured using a 0.6‐cm3 ionization chamber with a 16‐cm‐diameter cylindrical phantom, at the center and four peripheral positions of the phantom, and calculated using weighted cone‐beam CT dose index (CBCTDIw).

Results

Compared with that of SCBCT, the image uniformity of DCBCT was slightly reduced. A strong linear correlation existed between the measured HU for DCBCT and the reference HU, although the linear regression slope was different from that of the reference HU. DCBCT had poorer image contrast than did SCBCT, particularly with a high‐contrast material. There was no significant difference between the spatial resolutions of SCBCT and DCBCT. The absorbed dose for DCBCT was higher than that for SCBCT, because in DCBCT, the two x‐ray projections overlap between 45° and 70°.

Conclusions

We found that the image quality was poorer and the absorbed dose was higher for DCBCT than for SCBCT in the Vero4DRT.
Perspectives of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients on Electronic Communication and Patient‐Reported Outcome Data Collection: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Navarro‐Millán Iris , Zinski Anne , Shurbaji Sally , Johnson Bernadette , Fraenkel Liana , Willig James , Danila Maria I. , Yun Huifeng , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Safford Monika M.
Published: April 2018

Objective

To identify the perspectives of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on electronic recording of between‐visit disease activity and other patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and on sharing this information with health care providers or peers.

Methods

Patients with RA were recruited to participate in focus groups from December 2014 to April 2015. The topic guide and analysis were based on the Andersen–Newman framework. Sessions were audiorecorded, transcribed, independently coded, and analyzed for themes.

Results

Thirty‐one patients participated in 7 focus groups. Their mean ± SD age was 51 ± 13.1 years, 94% were women, 52% were African American, 11% were Hispanic, and 37% were white. Three themes emerged: provider communication, information‐seeking about RA, and social and peer support. Participants expressed a willingness to track disease activity data to share with health care providers electronically if providers would act on the information. Participants envisioned symptom tracking and information sharing as a mechanism to relay and obtain reliable information about RA. Participants were also interested in electronic communication between visits if it facilitated learning about symptom management and enhanced opportunities for social support among patients with RA.

Conclusion

Patients with RA may be amenable to electronic collection and sharing of PRO‐type data between clinical encounters if it facilitates communication with health care providers and provides access to reliable information about RA. Providing patients with social support was important for enhancing PROs collection by helping them overcome barriers by using electronic devices and overcome reservations about the value of these data.
NHC‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [4+3] Cycloaddition of Ortho‐Hydroxyphenyl Substituted Para‐Quinone Methides with Isatin‐Derived Enals
Authors: Li Wenjun , Yuan Huijun , Liu Zhantao , Zhang Zhongyin , Cheng Yuyu , Li Pengfei
Published: April 2018

The first enantioselective cycloaddition of ortho‐hydroxyphenyl substituted para‐quinone methides has been established by employing isatin‐derived enals as suitable 3C‐synthons under chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis. By using this strategy, biologically important ϵ‐lactones have been prepared in good yields (up to 89%) and excellent asymmetric inductions (up to >99% ee, >20:1 dr). Notably, this methodology opens a direct [4+3] annulation entry for the asymmetric synthesis of spirobenzoxopinones bearing an oxindole moiety connected through the spirocenter.

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Sustainable Polysulfides for Oil Spill Remediation: Repurposing Industrial Waste for Environmental Benefit
Authors: Worthington Max J. H. , Shearer Cameron J. , Esdaile Louisa J. , Campbell Jonathan A. , Gibson Christopher T. , Legg Stephanie K. , Yin Yanting , Lundquist Nicholas A. , Gascooke Jason R. , Albuquerque Inês S. , Shapter Joseph G. , Andersson Gunther G. , Lewis David A. , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L. , Chalker Justin M.
Published: April 2018

Crude oil and hydrocarbon fuel spills are a perennial threat to aquatic environments. Inexpensive and sustainable sorbents are needed to mitigate the ecological harm of this pollution. To address this need, this study features a low‐density polysulfide polymer that is prepared by the direct reaction of sulfur and used cooking oils. Because both sulfur and cooking oils are hydrophobic, the polymer has an affinity for hydrocarbons such as crude oil and diesel fuel and can rapidly remove them from seawater. Through simple mechanical compression, the oil can be recovered and the polymer can be reused in oil spill remediation. The polysulfide is unique because it is prepared entirely from repurposed waste: sulfur is a by‐product of the petroleum industry and used cooking oil can be used as a comonomer. In this way, sulfur waste from the oil industry is used to make an effective sorbent for combatting pollution from that same sector.
Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers Encapsulated with NiCoP: A Multifunctional Electrode for Supercapattery and Oxygen Reduction, Oxygen Evolution, and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Surendran Subramani , Shanmugapriya Sathyanarayanan , Sivanantham Arumugam , Shanmugam Sangaraju , Kalai Selvan Ramakrishnan
Published: April 2018

Functionalizing nanostructured carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with bimetallic phosphides enables the material to become an active electrode for multifunctional applications. A facile electrospinning technique is utilized for the first time to develop NiCoP nanoparticles encapsulated CNFs that are used as an energy storage system of supercapattery, and as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reaction in KOH electrolyte. Evolving from the inclusion of bimetallic phosphide nanoparticles, the NiCoP/CNF electrode unveils superior‐specific capacitance (333 Fg−1 at 2 Ag−1) and rate capability (87%). The fabricated supercapattery device offers a voltage of 1.6 V that supplies a remarkable energy density (36 Wh kg−1) along with an improved power density (4000 W kg−1) and unwavering cyclic stability (25 000 cycles). Meanwhile, the NiCoP/CNF electrode has simultaneously performed well as a multifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction at a half‐wave potential of 0.82 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and can attain a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a very low overpotential of 268 and 130 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, respectively. Thus, the NiCoP/CNF with all its inimitable electrode properties has profoundly proved its proficiency at handling multifunctional challenges in terms of both storage and conversion.
A computational study of the effects of multiphase dynamics in catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapor
Authors: Goyal Himanshu , Desjardins Olivier , Pepiot Perrine , Capecelatro Jesse
Published: April 2018

A recurring challenge among the variety of existing biomass‐to‐biofuel conversion technologies is the need to ensure optimal and homogeneous contact between the various phases involved. The formulation of robust design rules from an empirical standpoint alone remains difficult due to the wide range of granular flow regimes coexisting within a given reactor. In this work, a volume‐filtered Eulerian‐Lagrangian framework is employed that solves chemically reacting flows in the presence of catalytic particles. The simulation strategy is used to quantify the role of the particle clustering on catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapor in risers. It is shown that particle clustering can reduce the catalytic conversion rate of biomass pyrolysis vapors by up to about 50%. The simulation results are also compared with an engineering model based on continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). A one‐dimensional Reynolds‐averaged transport equation is derived, and the unclosed terms that account for the heterogeneity caused by clusters are evaluated. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3341–3353, 2018
Early Fetal Development of the Otic and Pterygopalatine Ganglia with Special Reference to the Topographical Relationship with the Developing Sphenoid Bone
Authors: Yamamoto Masahito , Ho Cho Kwang , Murakami Gen , Abe Shinichi , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Jose Francisco
Published: April 2018

The otic and pterygopalatine ganglia are located close to the greater wing (alisphenoid) of the sphenoid bone and many researchers have noted nerves connecting these ganglia in human embryos. The greater wing (alisphenoid) arises from the cartilaginous ala temporalis independently of the lesser wing, but no topographical changes between this cartilage and nerve elements have been demonstrated. We examined histological sections of 20 human embryos and fetuses from 6 to 15 weeks of development (WD). At 6 WD, the ala temporalis, the alar process and ganglia were all identified as a single, undifferentiated cell mass. Subsequently, the two ganglia became identifiable, but were continuous on the superior side of the initial ala temporalis. The temporal, superior spine of the ala temporalis was surrounded by the part that connected the ganglia. At 7 WD, the superior spine of the ala temporalis was reduced in size and the continuity of these ganglia was lost. At this point, a secondarily‐formed communicating branch between the ganglia, the nervus sphenoidalis was first identifiable. At 9 WD, the ala temporalis and the alar process had clearly become cartilages, and the anterior end of the otic ganglion was separated from the ala temporalis. The nervus sphenoidalis became longer. At 15 WD, the otic and pterygopalatine ganglia were clear separated from the alisphenoid, which consisted of the cartilaginous ala temporalis and membranous bone. Consequently, the separation between the otic and pterygopalatine ganglia seemed to be due to the developing ala temporalis. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.