bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
At mageskifte det timelige med det åndelige
Authors: Ingesman Per
Published: February 2018

"To exchange the Temporal with the Spiritual: Religious Gift-Giving in the Western European Middle Ages" - The main part of the article concentrates on a chantry founded in 1512 by Danish Archbishop Birger Gunnersen of Lund. The chantry was, by all standards, a magnificent enterprise: by the number of tenant farmsteads - about 90 - being given to the foundation; by the number of horae, masses, vigils, and anniversaries that were to be sung and read in the chantry; and, finally, by the number of individuals - more than a hundred mentioned by name - for whose souls prayers were to be said during the masses. It is shown that the chantry has the sarcophagus of the archbishop as its centre, åhysically as well as liturgically. The chantry represents, therefore, the same "cult of remembrabce" that Samuel K. Cohn has found in Italian renaissance cities after The Black Death. The foundation document, called "Sanctuarium Birgerrianum", is analyzed in order to uncover the religious ideas behind the foundation. Here it is concluded that although the archbishop was able to set up a highly sophisticated litugical programme, his personal religion was what Eamon Duffy calls "traditional religion". It has a do ut des thinking as its central idea, and so this case study shows the relevance of using Marcel Mauss' theory of gift-giving in a Danish context.
Septuaginta og bibelsk teologi
Authors: Müller Mogens
Published: February 2018

In the lecture The Septuagint and Biblical Theology. Some Observations the author tries to evalue the meaning of the Septuagint in the context of Biblical theology. The Old Testament cannot be understood per se, isolated from the people or congregations for which it was Holy Scripture. It only survived in its reception, ie. in an interpretation. This process can be detected already in the OT, but also and distinctly in the literature which has been termed "rewritten Bible". It is in this connection that the relevance of the Septuagint for Biblical theology must be s een, because it consists not merely of a translation, but also of an interpretation. And in the context of biblical theology Scripture is not what may be reconstructed as an Ur-text,  but the text actually included in the  New Testament. It was precisely the New Testament reception of the Septuagint that made it a valid expression of the OT, namely as the Bible of hte Greek-speaking part of Judaism in a period where even Palestinian Judaism was heavily influenced by Hellenism.
Jagten på den historiske Jesus
Authors: Mack Burton L.
Published: February 2018

Burton L. Mack gives in this lecture an introduction to his work The Lost Gospel in which he points to the striking similarities between the historical Jesus and the cynic philosophers.
The Jewish Press: mellem religion og etnicitet
Authors: Lindeberg Sahra
Published: February 2018

In this article I have attempted, through the paper The Jewish Press, to portray what I propose to call the Jewish Anglo-Saxon centre orthodoxy in America and Israel. I show that despite the fact that this group in many ways is just as law-abiding as the ultra-orthodox, they are far more "Americanized" in their lifestyle. I propose that the reason why they have succeeded in, on the one hand, to participate in the surrounding society and on the other hand, to avoid compromising with modernity in their interpretaion of the Law like to modern orthodox, is precisely because of their emphasis on ethnicity. By underlining their common history, their relationship to the Land of Israel, and in particular present and past "enemies" of the Jewish people, this group is able to maintain an identity as a minority group and at the same time to take part in the surrounding non-Jewish society.
Religion og politik. Kommunikation, epistemologi og etik
Authors: Jensen Jeppe Sinding
Published: February 2018

Som et mere ureflekteret resultat af vestlig sekulariseret tænkning betragtes forholdet mellem religion og politik ofte som en konflikt mellem to heterogene enheder. Det er forfatterens overbevisning, at nogle af de nuværende antropologiske definitioner af religion som et kulturelt ideologisk system lige så godt kan anvendes på ideologisk baseret politik, som leverer et verdenssyn, der gør mennesket i stand til at definere sin rolle og plads i universet. I primitive og arkaiske samfund har politik og religion en tendens til at interagere og repræsentere forskellige sider af en kultur-opretholdende kraft.Denne artikel er altså optaget af at undersøge, ved hjælp af illustrative eksempler, nogle specifikke områder, hvor der er ligheder mellem religion og politik og deres eksistentielle konsekvenser som retningslinjer for mennesket. I diskussionen af følgende spørgsmål: kommunikation, epistemologi og etik, anvendes en funktionel såvel som en strukturel fremgangsmåde. Religion og politik har et højt niveau af auto-kommunikation til fælles, som defineret af den sovjetiske semiotician Juri Lotman, og en høj grad af standardiseret kommunikativ handling både verbal og non-verbal. Epistemologi som et middel til at opdage verden er i sidste ende afhængig af de kulturelle lokaler individet og igen er tæt knyttet til et etisk kodeks baseret på midler tjener nogle ende. Den utopiske vision er derfor den ultimative målestok, som mennesker bliver målt på i politik såvel som i religion.
Kabsa - et egyptisk ritualkompleks
Authors: Hinge Helle
Published: February 2018

The starting point is a report on a specific case of female circumcision. Subsequently follows an account of the debate as to whether female circumcision is or is not "Islamic", the prevalence of female circumcision, and the kabsa ritual complex. The kabsa complex is associated with Egyptian circumcisions, weddings and births. In the article it is described how kabsa is caused by impurity, and how it is solved. Eventually, the differencies and similarities between the kabsa ritual complex and the Muslim tahara-system are outlined. The two systems are syncretistically associated in contemporary Egypt.
Omvendelse og forbøn
Authors: Nielsen Sune Wadskjær
Published: February 2018

This article deals with the charismatic Protestant Free Church in Denmark, "Kristent Centrum". It describes the organization of "Kristent Centrum" and the importance of healing within the Free Church, and it compares "Kristent Centrum" with the healing groups in Meredith B. McGuire's study Ritual Healing in Suburban Africa.The main goal of the Free Church is to convert ordinary people and mainstream Christians into born-again Christians. Mopst of the Church meetings are "revivalist meetings", where leader Hans Berntsen tries to convince people to open up their hearts to Jesus. At the end of each session, Hans Berntsen prays for the people who have different kinds of problems and healing takes place. The church, which has approximately 2,000 members, has meetings all over Denmark. Besides activities which are directed towards conversion, only little goes on within "Kristent Centrum". The members go to meetings to experience an atmosphere of closeness to God, which Hans Berntsen and other leaders try to create. The healing and the singing at meetings contribute to this atmosphere and are appreciated by many participants. As shown in McGuire's study, few people go to the meetings for the sole purpose of being healed. In this respect religious healing seems to differ from other forms of alternative treatment, which are normally used in response to a specific illness. It is my belief that healing within "Kristent Centrum" is supposed to build up faith among the members. Healing seems to work differently within "Kristent Centrum" than among healing groups om McGuire's study, where healing restores order and meaning for the sick person by constructing illness etiologies based on the sick person's illness episodes. Furthermore, the healing gives the person a feeling of personale empowerment. Due to their belief in the greatness and the immediacy of God's power and the complete powerlessness of the human being, the participants in the meetings of "Kristent Centrum" do not feel empowered. Because of the lack of contact between Free Church leaders and people seeking healing at the meetings, no illness etiologies for sick people are constructed.
Kopternes omvendelse til kristendommen
Authors: Pedersen Nils Arne
Published: February 2018

"The Conversion of the Copts to Christianity and the Origin of Their Written Language and Translations of the Bible". This introductory article deals with the issue of why Egypt's Christians in the fourth and fifth centuries caused the Bible to be translated into a large number of Coptic dialects, connecting the issue with the history of the dissemination of Christianity in Egypt.
Mytens tvang
Authors: Albinus Lars
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the article is to show how the negative dialectics of Adorno gets involved with a concept of myth that is questionable in several respects. First of all, Adorno tries to combine, but rather conflates, two understandings of myth. On the one hand, the concept of myth is defined as the ancient Greek mythos, in which the subject of man is projected on to nature; on the other hand, myth is defined as the backfire of enlightenment, in which self-reflection becomes the blind spot of instrumental reason. Along these lines of argument, Adorno’s interpretation of Homer, which, at any rate, is highly inspiring, attempts to demonstrate that Odysseus is already enlightened in that he keeps the myth at bay in order to gain his self. The point is, as a matter of dialectic necessity, that he just ends up in myth once again, albeit in the second sense, namely by being a victim of his own self-denial. A question that seems to remain unanswered, though, is how the two kinds of myth are related. Further, Adorno draws on a problematic distinction between myth and literature in order to claim that Homer separates himself from the realm of myth. By adopting Adorno’s own game of interpretation, however, it is possible to regard myth as such, including the Homeric one, as being contingently open-ended rather than just a matter of dialectic determination.
Diakoni som sekularingsringsindikator
Authors: Nielsen Sune Wadskjær
Published: February 2018

this article deals with secularization and Christian social work. It is a study of how the parish-based social work in St. John's Parish in Aarhus has been influenced by the secularization process in Denmark. The major source material of the study is two journals containing summaries of all the meetings among the voluntary social workers in the parish in the period from 1905 to 1997. Karel Dobbelaere's three dimensional secularization concept, which divides secularization into a societal, and institutional and an individual level, has been used in order to structure the material. Four major tendincies have been identified. 1) After the First world Ware there was a decrease in the need for help in St. John's Parish and a stagnation in the recruitment of voluntary social workers, which suggests that secularization was increasing. 2) The period of the German occupation of Denmark was a sacralization phase, where there was progress in most areas of the social work. At this time the parish-based social work had a sectarian gemeinschaft-like attitude towards collaborating with other forms of public as well as voluntary work. 3) In the late fifties and the beginning of the sixties, the seculaarization trend was most predominant. the social work lost its nursing sister and recruitment was bad, probably because of the increasing number of women in the labour market. Traditionally, the voluntary social workers had mainly been recruited from among housewives, but they were now mobilized to participate in the booking Danish economy. 4) In the eighties and the nineties there has been a tendency towards sacralization. This is due to the employment of a professional parish worker in 1985, who could organize the activities of the voluntary social workers. It was the favourable economic situation of hte Danish Lutheran church which made it possible to employ a professional parish worker. Recruitment was still low in this period as the voluntary social workers seemed to prefer to collaborate with non-religious institutions. Some of these tendencies are probably general for the secularization provess in Denmark. they suggest that secularization in Denmark has not been a straight forward unilinear process.
Sekularingseringstesen i religionssociologien
Authors: Kühle Lene
Published: February 2018

Secularization has been á major issue in sociological debates on religion. Recent developments in theory as well as in social reality seems to indicate that the future for the seularization thesis will not be as glorious as the past. The main argument in this article is that the secularization thesis, which can more properly be understood as a paradigm in the Kuhnian sense, is no longer a very useful frame for the sociological study of religion. This argument is supported by three examples from the contemporay political sphere, where the description in terms of "secularization" seems to lead to ambiguous conclusions. The article gives a brief presentation of two candidates for a new paradigm and discusses the requirements that the new paradigm is expected to meet. Whether any of these paradigms or perhaps a completely different one is going to assume the position as the dominant paradigm in the sociology of religion is still to be seen.
Bildes bortforklaringer
Authors: Thomsen Ole
Published: February 2018

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Ph.d.-afhandling om de srilankansk-tamilske hinduer i Danmark
Authors: Fibiger Marianne Qvortrup , Tybjerg Tove
Published: February 2018

Indledning og resumé fra forsvar for ph.d.-afhandling samt replik fra formand for bedømmelsesudvalg.
Det forudsigeliges uforudsigelighed
Authors: Fibiger Marianne Qvortrup
Published: February 2018

The last decade has seen an increased interest in ethnography and anthropology among researchers of other fields who are studying culture in one way or another. At the same time ethnography and anthropology have realized the necessity of discussing their own theoretical and methological viewpoints. One of the main features in anthropological method is fieldwork. Here you participate, overtly or covertly, in people’s daily lives for an extended period of time, or on special occasions, watching what is going on, listening to what is being said, asking questions, and in this way collecting data that can throw light on the issues that you are concerned about.This article discusses fieldwork as a useful strategy in the study of religion with living representatives. It discusses the new possibilities that can be obtained by fieldwork, but also the mistakes that fieldwork can lead to if the researchers do not take into account several uncertain factors - some of which are being pointed out in the article. This means that a researcher engaged in fieldwork must be an engineer having a special methodological and theoretical intake to a specific study but, at the same time, she must take account of bricolage, being a bricoleur herself.By using some of Carlo Ginzberg's viewpoints, this article also discusses the differences and similarities in historical and anthropological method and ends up pleading for a methological pluralism when dealing with “living religion”.
Var Vilhelm Grønbech nietzscheaner?
Authors: Vind Ole
Published: February 2018

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Per Bilde & Mikael Rothstein: Nye religioner i hellenistisk-romersk tid og i dag
Authors: Leopold Anita Maria
Published: February 2018

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Indledning
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: February 2018

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Myter, ritualer og videnskaber: Wilhelm Mannhardt og Jane Ellen Harrison
Authors: Tybjerg Tove
Published: February 2018

The last part of the 19th century saw a general reaction against the mythological bias in previous studies and a greater emphasis on ritualistic aspects of religion. Wilhelm Mannhardt and Jane Harrison played important roles in this development. My argument is that their background in folklore and archaeology was important for their contributions to the study of the myth-ritual complex. More specifically, I focus on the importance of Mannhardt's questionnaire and on Harrison's teaching habits and extensive use of pictures.
Ritualets betydning for hinduer i udlændighed
Authors: Fibiger Marianne Qvortrup
Published: February 2018

Using the Srilankan-tamil Hindus in Denmark as an example, this article discusses the ways rituals can contribute to the making of identity in a cultural encounter and thus change the intentiónality in Sri Lanka. This can result in either a ritual exclusiveness, where the Srilankan-tamil Hindues point out their religious particularity, or an enlargement, where a religious ritual becomes a common cultural expression among the Tamils whether they are Hindus, Muslims or Christians.At the same time the article emphasizes through these examples that the rituals must be understood as a category in and by itself and not in a combination with either myth or any text as put forward in the re.enactment theory.
Jul, julefrokost og nytår - en ritualanalyse
Authors: Jensen Hans J. Lundager
Published: February 2018

The article assumes that a ritual's meaning should not be considered only in relation to a myth (or doctrine, or another form of language based meaning), but (1) that the ritual's form may be determined by its position among other rituals with which it may constitute a group of transformations; (2) that the ritual's meaning may not simply miorror a specific myth, but instead (or also) invert the myth. Examples are given from the Old Testament's system of rituals (Passover, Feast of Unleavened Bread; Day of Atonement; Feast of Booths) and from the modern, Danish popular festivals around Christmas and New Year.
Anmeldelser
Authors: Borup Jørn , Carstens Pernille , Christensen Lisbeth Bredholt , Jensen Hans J. Lundager , Pade Mikkel , Warmind Morten
Published: February 2018

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Anmeldelse af "Strukturalisme og eksegese. Modelanalyser af Markus 5,21-43" af Geert Hallbäck
Authors: Nielsen Kirsten
Published: February 2018

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Religion og mangfoldigheden af identiteter
Authors: Sökefeld Martin
Published: February 2018

The conceptualization of identity proposed in this article is in terms of plurality, difference and intersectionality, which certainly disfavours essentialism. However, it highlights agency as the ability to act reflexively within settings of crosscutting identifications. This agency includes the ability to imagine and engage essentialised identities, momentarily dissimulating intersecting identifications. This article will stress that we have to conceptualize ‘identity’ in a way that is able to accomodate both the essentialisations of actors and the deconstruction of analysis.
Forord
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: February 2018

Vi er i redaktionen ganske tilfredse med i dette nummer at kunne præsentere artikler, der både i tid og rum angiver religionshistorisk bredde. De to første bidrag placerer sig inden for Islam og beskæftiger sig ud fra hver sin indfaldsvinkel med muslimske forfatteres refleksion over metafysik. Dette fører til en ret interessant modstilling mellem den hanbalistiske teolog, Ibn Taymiyya, som ....
Ibn Taymiyya og de guddommelige egenskaber
Authors: Bramsen Dorthe
Published: February 2018

According to Islamic theology God is transcendent and different to anything created. There are many verses in the Qur’ân, however, which describe God in almost anthro­pomorphic terms. He is described as talking and as sitting on the heavenly throne. Throughout history Muslim traditionalists have claimed that these verses must not be interpreted. They are to be accepted as true in their own sense. If the Qur’ân describes God as talking and as sitting on the heavenly throne, then He is actually talking and sitting on the heavenly throne.This article examines the teaching of one of the most celebrated traditionalists of the Hanbalî school, Taqî al-Dîn Ahmad ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328). In 1306 Ibn Taymiyya was accused of anthropomorphism and sentenced to imprisonment on the ground that he taught that the descriptions of God in the Qur’ân are true in reality. The article examines Ibn Taymiyyas defence against the allegations of anthropomorphism and it demonstrates that Ibn Taymiyyas teaching was most of all an attempt to unite the dogma of God’s transcendence with the teaching that the descriptions of God in the Qur’ân are true.
Rhapsodomantik, mannakorn og tommelfingervers
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: February 2018

Divination and mantics play a decisive role in ancient as well as modern religiosity. Although the subjects are not an integral part of the current curriculums for theology and the study of religion, they are pivotal for understanding religion and religious practices, especially of the ancient world. In this paper, which is the first part of a larger research project on divination and mantics of early Christianity and ancient Judaism, I explore one particular form of mantics: rhapsodomantics, i.e. divination by means of Sacred Books that are either randomly opened or used in order to provide ‘slips’ upon which verses from the Books in question are written. The randomly chosen textual passage is secondarily interpreted and explained in terms of a divinely inspired guidance. In this manner the lot oracle provides access to the understanding of the divine world. The ritual consultance of lot oracles is simultaneously a way of domesticising the contingency and arbitrariness of life. By means of a ritually staged display of arbitrariness (the random drawing of lots), arbitrariness is mastered. First – based on recent insights from the field of cognitive science (primarily Whitehouse and Boyer), semiotics, the tradition of sociology of knowledge and ritual studies – I discuss imagistic thought in contrast to doctrinaire modes of religiosity. Second, I scrutinize the ritual raison d’être for divination and mantics.The second part of the paper presents an analysis of numerous texts exemplifying rhapsodomantics. In a recent book by the Swedish novelist P.O. Enquist Lewis Rejse, narrating the founding of the Pentecostal Church of Sweden, the ritual practice of using ‘Thumble verses’ and ‘Manna seeds’ plays a decisive role in the founding of the community. As a point of departure relevant excerpts from this book are discussed in order to travel back to the Märchenland of the ancient world. Numerous Greco-Roman, Jewish and Early Christian examples of rhapsodomantics are discussed and related to recent analyses by van der Horst and Potter.
At navigere i et farefyldt hav
Authors: Lisdorf Anders
Published: February 2018

The Romans of republican times have traditionally been viewd as a rational and practical people for whom religion was of no real significance. In that view the elaborate Roman system for dealing with prodigies poses a problem, for why should something so apparently irrational and irreligious be invested with such a great amount of prestige and resources? Whereas earlier theories have tried to explain its existence either with reference to fear or to some stipulated function, this article argues that this cannot be the case, because there is no evidence for fear playing any central role and because a functional explanation cannot be sufficient. By an analysis of the workings of the system and the cultural models by which it was conceptualised, it is argued that for the Romans the purpose of the system was to secure success for the state, and thereby for each individual. This is achieved by a model connecting ritual and proper behaviour with portents and fortune/misfortune. In conclusion a comparison is made with the navigation procedures aboard a ship, and it is argued that the prodigy system and the navigation bridge serve the same overall function of navigating the seas of potential misfortune in order to keep the ship afloat, one figuratively and the other literally.Thus Roman culture can be seen as both practical and rational but also in essence religious.
Kognition og betydning
Authors: Jensen Jeppe Sinding
Published: February 2018

Over the past decade, the cognitive study of religion has gained momentum as a major theoretical breakthrough. However, most of its major contributors, often referred to as ‘cognitive hardliners’, have so far largely disregarded issues that have otherwise been of central concern to scholars in the study of religion, namely those concerning the cultural levels of e.g. meaning and semantics. Thus the cognitive study of religion appears to be ‘culture-blind’. The analysis presented here explains why this has been so and what could be done to remedy that situation and thus perhaps make the advances provided by the cognitive study of religion more attractive to scholars outside that paradigm. In the initial phase, cognitive theorists of religion have disregarded the cultural and social aspects of religion and religious traditions in pursuit of universals at the mental, psychological and cognitive levels that play a formative, causal role in the production of religious representations. The cultural, symbolic, linguistic etc. levels have not been considered relevant and issues concerning e.g. symbols, language, meaning and semantics were excluded on the basis of the nature of the explanatory frameworks employed. Now it seems that there may be other theories and methods available that permit the re-inclusion of matters cultural, symbolic etc. and that, contrary to the ‘hardliner’ opinion, the development of human cognition, individually as well as collectively, is not solely a matter of what goes on in brains but also what goes on between brains. This contribution reviews the state of the ‘art’ from a perspective of the philosophy of language and discusses some of the proposals to that effect by e.g. Michael Tomasello, Merlin Donald, Edwin Hutchins and Andy Clark.
Religionens genkomst. Niklas Luhmanns religionsteori
Authors: Qvortrup Lars
Published: February 2018

Religion har fået en renæssance i offentligheden. Sekulariseringsteorien, hvis grundlag er, at fornuft og tro er konkurrerende diskurser, har vist sig at være utilstrækkelig. For at forstå religionens rolle i et moderne samfund foreslår artiklen derfor, at man i stedet for at anskue religionens samfundsmæssige rolle sekulariseringsteoretisk anlægger den opfattelse, at samfundet består af en lang række funktionssystemer med hver deres kode, funktion og diskurs. Ét af disse systemer er religionen. Det efter min mening bedste sociologiske bud på en sådan analyse finder man hos den tyske sociolog Niklas Luhmann. Først resumerer jeg kort Luhmanns teori om samfundet, hvori teorien om religion som funktionssystem indgår. Dernæst redegør jeg for Luhmanns teori om religion. Min hovedkilde er hans bog Die Religion der Gesellschaft, der blev udgivet i 2000. Til sidst peger jeg på nogle forskningsperspektiver i forlængelse af Luhmanns projekt, herunder blandt andet mit eget at analysere religion som en særlig vidensform, nemlig fjerde ordens viden.
Georges Dumézil og indoeuropæisk religionshistorie
Authors: Schjødt Jens Peter
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this article is to introduce the methods and theories of Georges Dumézil in relation to Indo-European religion and mythology. Starting with a survey of a number of important theories about the Indo-Europeans in general, and mythological research in particular, where especially the point of view of the “nature mythologists” is discussed, attention is then focused on Dumézil. After a short description of the background for his research and for some of his more important methodological viewpoints, Dumézil’s idea of the specific Indo-European ideological structure of the three functions (rulers, warriors and cattlebreeders/farmers) is presented, as well as the consequences of this research in relation to the traditional ways of treating the religion and mythology of the Indo-Europeans. Finally an attempt is made to indicate some of the importance of the “New Comparative Mythology”, not only in relation to the Indo-Europeans, but also in relation to studies of mythology and religious ideology in general.
Anmeldelse af "Gads religionshistoriske tekster" af Bendt Alster og Christian Lindtner
Authors: Geertz Armin W.
Published: February 2018

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Hvad er kulturforståelse?
Authors: Albinus Lars
Published: February 2018

Artiklen reflekterer over muligheden for en videnskabelig forståelse af fremmede kulturer. Med udgangspunkt i et citat af Wittgenstein hævder jeg, at en forudsætning for overhovedet at forstå tale og handling er, at vi på et vist niveau deler regler, der gør dem mulige. Med Putnam insisterer jeg endvidere på, at kulturer må være relativt sammenlignelige, hvis vi overhovedet skal kunne kende forskel på dem. Krav om objektivitet, forklaring og repræsentation kan ikke legitimt stilles til en humanvidenskabelig diskurs, men det betyder ikke, at denne behøver at ende i relativisme. Kildematerialet vil altid begrænse fortolkningsmulighederne, og enhver fortolkning bør altid tilfredsstille et krav om begrundelse. En hermeneutisk tilgang til tekster inden for dialogens horisont betragter jeg som vigtig, men i sig selv utilstrækkelig, for en videnskabelig diskurs, og i forlængelse af Foucault henviser jeg til det videnskabshistoriske fællesskab mellem ‘betydning’ og ‘system’, der således bygger bro mellem på den ene side forståelsen og på den anden side analysen af strukturer, koder, funktioner og kognitive dispositioner. Disse niveauer er uomgængelige for en kritisk forståelse, der imidlertid ikke må forstå sig selv i analogi til naturvidenskabens forklaringsprætention, men netop som fortolkning.
Kognition og kultur
Authors: Jensen Hans J. Lundager
Published: February 2018

Igennem det meste af det 20. årh. har akademisk religionsteori været baseret på et kulturparadigme, som ignorerede eller direkte afviste at inddrage biologi og evolution. Med tilkomsten siden 1990’erne af kognitive studier og disses indflydelse på religionsvidenskaben er denne situation ændret på ret dramatisk vis. I artiklen her præsenteres den canadiske psykolog Merlin Donalds evolutionære model med dens akkumulerende rækkefælge af ‘kulturer’: episodisk, mimetisk, mytisk og teoretisk, og denne model foreslås forstået som en ny variant af den bedst argumenterede udgave af kulturparadigmet ‒ det som er formuleret af bl.a. Emile Durkheim og Roy A. Rappaport.
Transformationer i Folkekirkekristendommen i Danmark i dag
Authors: Nielsen Marie Vejrup
Published: February 2018

Denne artikel præsenterer to cases for at belyse forandringsmønstre i folkekirkekristendommen i Danmark i dag. Disse cases analyseres på baggrund af to globale tendenser inden for kristendommen præsenteret af Linda Woodhead i marginalisering af teologien og magtforskydning fra magt oven fra til magt neden fra. I analysen af disse tendenser appliceres Meredith B. McGuires skelnen mellem officiel og uofficiel religion på en dansk kontekst via antropologen Cecilie Rubow. De to cases er 1) Grosbøllsagen som indikation på en spænding mellem kristendomsforståelsen hos præster og medlemmer af folkekirken generelt, 2) ændringer i aktivitetsmønsteret i Folkekirken som indikation på en inddragelse af et brugerorienteret perspektiv vs. et ekspertorienteret perspektiv. Artiklen drøfter, om der i Folkekirken kan ses en tendens til uofficielle religionsformer inden for rammerne af en officiel kirke.
Replik til en anmelder
Authors: Breengaard Carsten
Published: February 2018

Intet resumé.
Religion, kirke og velfærdsstat - er der en sammenhæng?
Authors: Petersen Jørn Henrik , Petersen Klaus
Published: February 2018

Artiklen præsenterer en oversigt over de hidtidige forskningstilgange i forståelsen af velfærdsstaters forskelligartede opståen og udvikling, herunder religionens rolle i forklaringsmodellerne. Det følges af en præsentation af nyere tilgange, der i højere grad tillægger religionen og de religiøst betingede "sociale doktriner" en selvstændig betydning som forklarende variabel. Den sluttes med en række kritiske spørgsmål til denne nye forskningstilgang.
Sekularisme og anerkendelse
Authors: Larsen Signe Engelbreth
Published: February 2018

Religion og religiøse problemstillinger diskuteres intensivt i de danske medier, og politikere tager stadigt mere del i denne debat. Ikke desto mindre synes det overordnede politiske budskab stadig at være, at religionen skal holdes ude af det offentlige og politiske rum. I denne artikel argumenteres for, at denne udbredte sekularistiske sondring mellem religion og politik reelt medfører en asymmetrisk positionering af religiøse individer, som afholdes fra at deltage i og præge den offentlige debat på lige vilkår med alle andre borgere. Ved hjælp at teoretikere som William E. Connolly, Charles Taylor, Axel Honneth og Nancy Fraser problematiserer artiklen således sekularismens udgrænsning af religionen, og afsøger i hvilket omfang et demokratisk samfund bør anerkende sine religiøse borgere.
Rundt om religionskritikken
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: February 2018

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Religionshistorie og aksetid
Authors: Jensen Hans J. Lundager
Published: February 2018

English summary: The article presents and discusses two articles by Robert Bellah, “Religious evolution” from 1964 and “What is Axial about the Axial Age?” (2005). In what seems to be a general lack of interest in a history of religion (different from a history of religions) among academic scholars in the science of religion, Bellahs model, especially in its combination with recent approaches to the ‘axial age’ and to Merlin Donald’s biocultural cognitive model for hominid evolution, is recommended as a useful starting point for revitalization of an honorable branch of religious studies.  Dansk resume: Artiklen præsenterer og diskuterer to artikler af den amerikanske religionssociolog Robert Bellah, “Religious evolution” fra 1964 og “What is Axial about the Axial Age?” (2005). I forhold til en generel mangel på interesse for en religionens historie (forskellig fra religionernes historie) blandt religionsvidenskabelige forskere anbefales Bellahs model som et frugtbart udgangspunkt for en revitalisering af en hæderværdig del af religionsvidenskaben, særlig når den kombineres med aktuelle diskussioner af ‘aksetiden’ og Merlin Donalds biokulturelle, kognitive model for hominid evolution.
Religionshistorie og aksetid
Authors: Jensen Hans J. Lundager
Published: February 2018

Artiklen præsenterer og diskuterer to artikler af den amerikanske religionssociolog Robert Bellah, “Religious evolution” fra 1964 og “What is Axial about the Axial Age?” (2005). I forhold til en generel mangel på interesse for en religionens historie (forskellig fra religionernes historie) blandt religionsvidenskabelige forskere anbefales Bellahs model som et frugtbart udgangspunkt for en revitalisering af en hæderværdig del af religionsvidenskaben, særlig når den kombineres med aktuelle diskussioner af ‘aksetiden’ og Merlin Donalds biokulturelle, kognitive model for hominid evolution.
Jeg er pneuma, lysende og stoflig
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: February 2018

Review-artikel
Religion efter den sproglige vending
Authors: Andersen Svend
Published: February 2018

Artiklen repræsenterer min opposition mod Lars Albinus’ doktorafhandling om forståelsen af religion på postmetafysiske betingelser, som disse er angivet af Habermas og Foucault. Efter en præsentation af afhandlingens hovedtanker tages der kritisk stilling til den religionsfilosofiske position. Albinus selv forfægter først og fremmest hans forståelse af det religiøse sprog. Hovedindvendingen er, at Albinus føler sig så bundet til Habermas’ begreb om modernitet og efter-metafysik, at han tager hans uplausible sprogfilosofi med i købet.
Når det hellige og det verdslige rum smelter sammen
Authors: Warburg Margit
Published: February 2018

Danske kirker i udlandet ligner i sociologisk henseende andre indvandrersamfunds religiøse institutioner, idet udlandskirkerne foruden at danne ramme om et dansk-præget kirkeliv i høj grad også dækker mange af immigrantsamfundenes sociale behov. De mange verdslige aktiviteter betyder, at kirkerne ikke altid opretholder en skarp adskillelse mellem det hellige og det verdslige rum. Eksempler fra danske kirker i Argentina og Rotterdam illustrerer, at det kan udfordre folkelige opfattelser af det betydningsfulde i at holde helligt rum adskilt fra verdsligt rum. Den danske stat og dansk erhvervsliv spiller en central rolle i flere af udlandskirkernes hverdag, og en udlandskirke som den danske sømandskirke i Singapore har udviklet sig til en lokal dansk offentlig sfære for de ca. 1.500 fastboende danskere i Singapore.
Kætteri som aksetids- og semiotisk fænomen
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: February 2018

Min artikel har en eksplorativ karakter. Den er et forsøg på at komme til klarhed over fænomenet kætteri. Frem for som i den altdominerende strømning i moderne forskningshistorie at gøre kætteri til en kristen opfindelse argumenterer jeg for at se det i sammenhæng med aksetidsproblemstillingen og i særdeleshed i overgangen fra en lokativisk til en utopisk religionsform. Jeg hævder, at man kan finde paralleller i de græsk-romerske medicinske og filosofiske skoledannelser. Afslutningsvis argumenterer jeg for forståelsen af kætteri som tredje-ordens-begreb, der forudsætter en kontekst, hvor forskellige, men beslægtede retninger inden for samme overordnede bevægelse gør krav på samme diskursive rum med en simultan afskrivning af rivaliserende strømninger som mangelfulde. Ortodoksi udspringer i den sammenhæng af en institutionel, retorisk positionering, som lukker den historiske situations åbenhed gennem semiotisk fastfrysning af en bestemt tegnfortolkning (inkl. social/rituel praksis) med tilsvarende udsondring af rivaliserende tegnfortolkninger (inkl. social/rituel praksis).
Om samfundsreligionen
Authors: Riis Ole
Published: February 2018

The concept of civil religion was coined by Rousseau and revived by Bellah in order to identify the basis of religious legitimization in a voluntaristic society. In the Danish context, the status of the Lutheran “folk-church” becomes central in a debate concerning the Danish civil religion. But whereas the state supports the Lutheran folk-church and vice versa, the folk-church should not be identified with the civil religion. There is, however, a wing in church policy, which seeks to use the Lutheran church as a basis for the integration of Danish society and the legitimization of the political institutions. A civil religious church policy should not be confused with the proper civil religions. The civil religious church policy tends, on the one hand, to dissolve the theological content of the Lutheran church, and, on the other, to evade the critical potential of the concept of civil religion (as expressed in Bellah’s The Broken Covenant). There exist, certainly, a civil religion in Denmark. Its national mythology was mainly expressed by Grundtvig, in the years of national crisis and the formation of the democratic constitution. The national mythology was spread to the populace in general via the free high school system. It hints at a special covenant between God and the Danes: the Danish people have a historical calling to spread a pattern of human values, i.e. solidarity with the poor, freedom under a social responsibility, and so on. The national mythology is still functioning. But it has weakened and changed character. New myths and new heroes are taking over – sports heroes among others. The national ecstasy during the Danish participation in the European football championship parallels Durkheim’s description of the ritual of the Arunta – and thus the elementary forms of the religious life.
Habermas og Nietzsche
Authors: Andersen Vagn
Published: February 2018

The subject of this article is a confrontation between the thought of Jürgen Habermas and the perspectivistic epistemology of Friedrich Nietzsche. It is held that for a post-ontological philosophy, Nietzsche’s theory of knowledge his programmatic view that every “truth” it just an “interpretation” is in a certain sense invincible. Habermas does not fundamentally overcome this situation. Nevertheless Habermas has been able to develop a linguistic theory of rationality, which combining inspiration from the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer and the speech-act-philosophy of John L. Austin and John R. Searle makes the nihilistic consequences, which Nietzsche draws from his “theory of interpretations”, pointless. At the same time the theory of Habermas overcomes the paradoxical self-destructing position, in which the old “School of Frankfurt” ended. Following some crucial stages in the philosophical development of Habermas, it is shown how he has come to his present point of view.
Buddhisme og Singhalesisk folkereligion
Authors: Andersen Jørgen Østergaard
Published: February 2018

The symbolic relationship between the monk (bikkhu) and the lay Singhalese (dāyaka) is analysed and discussed as complementary ways of perceiving the image of Buddha and the Truth taught by Buddha. Buddhist philosophy concerning ‘time’, ‘being’ and ‘causality’ is discussed in order to analyse the complementary relationship between ‘truth’ and ‘illusion’ and between ‘wisdom’ and ‘belief’ which are seen as ways of expressing the relationship between Theravada-Buddhism and popular Singhalese Buddhism. Jacques Lacan’s distinction between ‘l’œil’ and ‘regard’ is introduced in order to fertilize the discussion of the way monks are structuring the conceptual space, which is thought to be a substantial reality by the lay Singhalese.
Tema: Mindfulness
Authors: Borup Jørn , Jensen Hans J. Lundager
Published: February 2018

Forord til temanummer
Durkheim og “Religionens fremtid”: En oversættelse af en tale af Émile Durkheim med indledning
Authors: Baunvig Katrine Frøkjær
Published: February 2018

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The present article marks the centennial of Émile Durkheim’s speech “L’avenir de la religion” which was transcribed and published in 1914. Following an introductory sketch of (primarily) Danish academic research into Durkheim’s thoughts and writings I will present a translation into Danish of the speech.DANSK RESUME: Denne artikel markerer hundredåret for Émile Durkheims afholdelse af talen ”L’avenir de la religion”, som blev nedskrevet og udgivet i 1914. Efter en indledende skitsering af (hovedsageligt) den danske akademiske læsning og forskningen i Durkheims tænkning og forfatterskab følger en oversættelse af talen til dansk.
Platon til tre generationer
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: February 2018

En reviewartikel om den nye danske Platon-oversættelsePlaton III. Samlede værker i ny oversættelse. Hipparchos, Rivalerne, Theages, Charm-ides, Laches, Lysis, Euthydemos, Protagoras, Gorgias, Menon, Den store Hippias, Den lille Hippias. Udgivet af Jørgen Mejer og Chr. Gorm Tortzen. (Gyldendal, 2011)Platon IV. Samlede værker i ny oversættelse. Ion, Menexenos, Kleitophon, Staten I-X, Timaios, Kritias, Minos. Udgivet af Jørgen Mejer og Chr. Gorm Tortzen. (Gyldendal, 2013)
Hellige bygninger på grænsefladen i dansk kommunalpolitik
Authors: Jacobsen Brian Arly
Published: February 2018

Physical space is challenged on the basis of aesthetic, ideological, religious, environmental and economic perspectives. Buildings and structures play a prominent role in the competition for recognition between social groups. Especially church structures have historically represented a city’s vision for dynamic growth, status, and innovation. With migration and new religious movements’ establishment in Denmark, the need for new sacred buildings has been significant. In the article I analyze the attempts to establish religious buildings in public space in Denmark by two different religious groups. Both attempts ended in conflict with the surrounding society. In both cases, the local council’s option of using the Planning Act to develop a local development plan plays an important role for the possibility of religious organizations to build, for the building location as well as the building’s appearance within the Danish model of religion.Fysiske rum anfægtes ud fra æstetiske, ideologiske, religiøse, miljømæssige og økonomiske perspektiver. Bygninger og bygningsværker spiller en fremtrædende rolle i konkurrencen om anerkendelse mellem sociale grupper. Historisk har især kirkekonstruktioner repræsenteret en vision for dynamisk vækst, status og for innovation. Med migration og nye religiøse bevægelsers etablering i Danmark er behovet for nye hellige bygninger blevet signifikant. Artiklen analyserer to cases, hvori to religiøse gruppers forsøg på at etablere religiøse bygninger i det offentlige rum i Danmark er endt i konflikt med det omgivende samfund. I begge sager spiller planlovens muligheder for en kommunalbestyrelse til at udarbejde lokalplaner en vigtig rolle for de religiøse organisationers mulighed for inden for den danske religionsmodel at bygge, for byggeriets placering samt for byggeriets udseende
Svenska kyrkan efter millennieskiftet
Authors: Straarup Jørgen
Published: February 2018

Since the year 2000, the Church of Sweden is no longer a function within the Swedish state. It has become a free denomination which actualizes several borderland changes in the Swedish model of religion. The dissolution of the relationship with the state has been discussed and prepared for many years, and it became a reality at the turn of the millennium. The need for a defined relationship with the state or an interface, however, has not diminished, since the Church of Sweden is still the largest popular movement in the country. This change in relation has lead to an intensified cooperation between the Church of Sweden and other churches and denominations.Sedan år 2000 är Svenska kyrkan inte längre en funktion i svenska staten, utan ett fritt trossamfund. Denna relationsförändring aktualiserar en rad nya gränssnitt i den svenska religionsmodellen. Upplösningen av sammanhanget med staten har diskuterats och förberetts under många år och förverkligats i samband med millennieskiftet. Behovet av definierad relation till statsmakten, ett gränssnitt, minskade emellertid inte, eftersom Svenska kyrkan även efter nyårsmorgon 2000 var landets största folkrörelse. Relationsförändringen ledde till ett intensifierat samarbete med andra kyrkor och samfund
Endrede grenseflater i en norsk religionsmodell?
Authors: Schmidt Ulla
Published: February 2018

In this article I analyse three types of borders in the Norwegian model of religion, as they are expressed in two areas: in the area of constitution and other basic legislation, and in the area of public health care and hospitals. These three types are: 1) the border between the state and the majority church with respect to which I particularly focus on the implications of the recent changes to the Norwegian constitution; 2) between the state and religious and worldview communities; 3) and between the majority church and religious communities. A main conclusion is that these borders follow different patterns and trajectories in the two areas of legislation and health care. In the final section, I discuss this conclusion in the light of Linda Woodhead’s recent contributions to a theory of public religion.Denne artikkelen analyserer tre grenseflater i en norsk religionsmodell, slik disse viser seg på to områder, nemlig i Grunnloven og annen sentral lovgivning, og innen helsesektoren og offentlige sykehus. Disse tre er grense¬flatene mellom staten og majoritetskirken, med særlig vekt på betydningen av grunn¬lovsendringene fra 2012, mellom staten og tros- og livssynssamfunnene, og mellom majoritetskirken og tros- og livssynssamfunnene. En sentral konklusjon er at disse grenseflatene ikke følger de samme linjene når vi sammenligner Grunnloven og annen lovgivning med helsesektor og sykehus, men snarere viser forskjellige mønstre. I et avsluttende avsnitt diskuteres denne konklusjonen nærmere i lys av Linda Woodheads bidrag til teori om offentlig religion
Liste over modtagne bøger
Authors: Redaktion Redaktion
Published: February 2018

Liste over modtagne bøger