bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of pixel values for two photostimulable phosphor plates in consecutive standardized scannings
Authors: Freitas Patrícia , Yaedú Renato Yassutaka Faria , Rubira-Bullen Izabel Regina Fischer , Escarpinati Maurício , Vieira Marcelo Costa , Schiabel Homero , Lauris José Roberto
Published: October 2006

The objective of the present study was to determine the reproducibility of the pixel values obtained with the Digora system (Soredex, Finland). Exposures were standardized, with variation in exposure and scanning time of two photostimulable phosphor plates containing a stepwedge image. The smallest variation in pixel values ranged from 50 to 75%, with the widest variations being observed in less dense steps. A significant difference in pixel values was observed in terms of X-ray exposure and scanning times and between the two plates themselves (ANOVA, p < 0.01). Using the present methodology, the reproducibility of pixel values was not satisfactory for the tested white photostimulable plates. This wide variation in digitalization might be influenced by the amount of X-rays that sensitized the plates. It may be important to establish the reproducibility of the pixel values in quantitative studies using digital image.
Efficacy of Gluma Desensitizer® on dentin hypersensitivity in periodontally treated patients
Authors: Assis Camila de Azevedo de , Antoniazzi Raquel Pippi , Zanatta Fabrício Batistin , Rösing Cassiano Kuchenbecker
Published: October 2006

The aim of this double-blind, controlled, split-mouth designed clinical trial was to assess the effect of a single application of Gluma Desensitizer® on alleviating dentin hypersensitivity. Twelve subjects entered the study and ten completed the protocol. Each subject had two teeth treated: one with Gluma Desensitizer® according to the manufacturer's instructions and one with water. The assessment of pain was performed with the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), after tactile (probe), thermal (cold blast of water) and thermal/evaporative (cold blast of air) stimuli at baseline, immediately after treatment, after 1 week and after 4 weeks. The mean VAS values for the test and control teeth were compared by the paired t test (alpha = 0.05). Repeated measurements ANOVA was used to compare the different experimental times. The results showed that for test teeth, at baseline, mean VAS values were 1.76 (± 2.82), 7.10 (± 2.10) and 4.75 (± 2.65), and, after 4 weeks, the mean values were 1.70 (± 2.31), 5.50 (± 3.30) and 4.61 (± 3.14), respectively for probe, water and air stimuli. For the control teeth, at baseline, the mean VAS values were 1.86 (± 2.92), 6.61 (± 2.31) and 4.08 (± 2.91) and, after 4 weeks, 2.66 (± 3.07), 6.32 (± 2.94) e 4.76 (± 3.26).There were no statistically significant differences between test and control teeth at any time. No intra-group differences were demonstrated either. It was concluded that Gluma Desensitizer® had no effect on hypersensitive teeth from periodontally treated patients for a period up to 4 weeks.
Factors related to periodontal disease in a rural population
Authors: Macêdo Taíze Cassia Nascimento de , Costa Maria da Conceição N. , Gomes-Filho Isaac Suzart , Vianna Maria Isabel P. , Santos Carlos Teles
Published: October 2006

To estimate the prevalence and related aspects of periodontitis in a rural area of the State of Bahia, Brazil, this cross-sectional study was carried out in the village of Matinha dos Pretos, Feira de Santana County, Bahia, among 172 subjects ranging from 20 to 60 years of age. During household visits, a full-mouth periodontal exam was performed on each subject, who also answered a questionnaire about socio-demographic, economic and health-related issues. The factors assessed were plaque index, bleeding on probing index, probing depth, gingival recession or hyperplasia measurements. Clinical attachment loss was also calculated. The multivariate logistic regression method was used to evaluate the relative contribution of these factors to the periodontitis condition. The prevalence of periodontitis was 24.4%. The following factors were all positively associated with the presence of periodontitis: being male (OR = 1.58; 1.00 - 2.53), being 30 years of age or older (OR = 2.80; 1.00 - 7.39), living in a house where there was more than one person per room (OR = 1.53; 0.96 - 2.45), being a cigarette or pipe smoker or ex-smoker (OR = 1.49; 0.92 - 2.39), having a plaque index of over 65% (OR = 2.97; 2.72 - 7.39) and more than four missing teeth (OR = 1.51; 0.82 - 2.78). The authors concluded that socioeconomic and biological factors, especially poor oral hygiene and older age, are positively associated with periodontitis in the rural population of a small village in the county of Feira de Santana, State of Bahia, Brazil.
Kinetics of growth, substrate utilization and sulfide toxicity for propionate, acetate, and hydrogen utilizers in anaerobic systems
Authors: Maillacheruvu Krishnanand Y. , Parkin Gene F.
Published: October 2006

Batch reactors and serum bottles were used to determine kinetics of growth, substrate utilization, and sulfide inhibition [dissolved sulfide (DS) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)] in anaerobic systems fed propionate and sulfate. Thermodynamic analyses indicated six major groups of organisms were active in such systems: incomplete propionate oxidation by sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB), propionate fermentation to acetate and hydrogen, acetate‐oxidizing SRB, aceticlastic methanogenesis, hydrogenotrophic SRB, and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Kinetic parameters determined for each of these groups were bacterial yield, decay coefficient, maximum specific substrate utilization coefficient, half‐velocity constant, and inhibition coefficient (uncompetitive). Results indicated that the kinetic and thermodynamic advantages of acetate‐utilizing SRB were erased by their sensitivity to sulfide toxicity. In addition, propionate fermenters were also very sensitive to sulfide toxicity. These results help to explain why methanogenesis from complex substrates occurs even in the presence of high concentrations of DS and H2S.
Evaluation of substrate and pH effects in a nitrifying biofilm
Authors: Zhang Tian C. , Bishop Paul L.
Published: October 2006

The effects of substrate and pH on biofilm nitrification were studied using a microelectrode technique and a microslicing technique. Three different kinds of biofilms were cultured using lab‐scale, rotating drum biofilm reactors fed with synthetic wastewaters. The measured concentration profiles provide direct experimental evidence of the substrate and pH effects on biofilm nitrification. It was found that pH decreases within the nitrifying biofilm depended on the mole ratio of HCO−3/O2. When this mole ratio was >5, the maximum pH decrease within the nitrifying biofilm was <0.4–0.6 pH units. When this ratio was <3, the maximum pH decrease could be 1.4–1.6 pH units. A pH decrease of 1.4–1.6 pH units resulted in an inhibition of the biofilm nitrification process, and therefore stopped a further decrease in pH. No dramatic pH decrease (>2–2.5) was observed during the study. It was found that increases in glucose loading or ammonium loading caused more consumption of oxygen, which resulted in inhibition of the biofilm nitrification. The bacterial trophic population measurement revealed that even in a pure nitrification system, heterotrophs could exist in the nitrifying biofilm. In biofilms cultured with an influent COD of 170 mg/L or higher, the numbers of nitrifiers were always four to five orders lower than those of heterotrophs. This study demonstrates that competition between heterotrophs and nitrifiers for substrate (including O2) and space greatly affects the degree of pH decreases within nitrifying biofilms.
Alcohol flushing for enhanced removal of coal tar from contaminated soils
Authors: Hayden Nancy J. , Van der Hoven Elizabeth J.
Published: October 2006

Alcohol flushing for enhancing the removal of coal tar from contaminated soils and reducing coal tar concentrations in the aqueous‐phase leachate was investigated. Four soil columns were packed with relatively undisturbed coal tar contaminated soils collected from a former coal gasification site. These columns were leached with water and then flushed with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) solutions. Initially, total coal tar concentrations in water leachate ranged from ∼0.1 to 150 mg/L for the four columns. Coal tar concentrations in the column effluent generally increased three to five orders of magnitude during the initial IPA flush. Each column was flushed with 1–3 pore volumes of an IPA solution. Reduction of coal tar concentrations in water leachate, attributed to the alcohol flushing, was noted in three of the four columns. The total coal tar removed from the soil columns during the IPA flushes constituted from 54 to 97% of the total coal tar removed during both water leaching (240–800 pore volumes) and alcohol flushing (1–3 pore volumes). The alcohol flushing removed from 3 to 19% of the total coal tar in the various soil columns. Results indicate that alcohol flushing can enhance the removal of coal tar from contaminated soils and can reduce the aqueous‐phase coal tar concentrations in leachate.
Nickel and copper removal at the San Jose/Santa Clara water pollution control plant
Authors: Ekster Alex , Jenkins David
Published: October 2006

The fate of particulate and dissolved nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) was determined at various stages in a 7.3 m3/s (167 mgd) tertiary treatment plant consisting of primary sedimentation, off‐line primary effluent equalization, first‐stage (secondary) activated sludge, second‐stage (nitrification) activated sludge, prefilter chloramination, filtration, disinfection and dechlorination. At micrograms/liter levels, particulate Cu and Ni removals were higher than dissolved Cu and Ni removals. Only secondary activated sludge removed the dissolved Cu. No other process removed either dissolved Cu or Ni. The dissolved Cu concentration in the second stage nitrification activated sludge plant effluent was higher than that in the first stage secondary activated sludge plant effluent. Prefilter chloramination solubilized particulate Cu and decreased the overall Cu removal by filtration. The dissolved Cu removed by the activated sludge systems varied seasonally; the higher removals seemed to be associated with increased activated sludge growth.
Microfiltration of oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Nazzal Faten F. , Wiesner Mark R.
Published: October 2006

Effects of transmembrane pressure and membrane pore size on the microfiltration of oil‐in‐water emulsions are reported. A model for calculating the critical pressure required to force the entry of an oil drop into a membrane pore is formulated based on the Young‐Laplace equation and serves as the basis for analyzing the rejection of emulsified materials by microfiltration membranes. This critical pressure appears to be a reasonable predictor of the operating pressure at which oil drops are no longer rejected by the membrane and their penetaration leads to membrane fouling.
A Review of Data on the U.S. Health Sector Spring 2006
Authors: Hellander Ida
Published: October 2006

This report presents information on the state of the U.S. health system in the spring of 2006. It includes data on the uninsured and underinsured and their access to health care, on socioeconomic inequality in health care, and on the rising costs of the U.S. health system. It also presents information on the role of corporate money in health care, focusing on the pharmaceutical industry, Medicare HMOs, and corporate-government conflicts of interest. The author includes a survey of recent public opinion polls on health care and health system reform and an update on the U.S. national health insurance legislation. The article ends by reviewing recent data on international health systems and international system comparisons.
From the creation of the European research area in 2000 to a Mission on cancer in Europe in 2021‐lessons learned and implications
Authors: Celis Julio , Ringborg Ulrik
Published: March 2024

In the year 2000, cancer research in Europe had the potential to make a difference as it had several unique strengths, such as a strong foundation in biomedical science, good patient registries, infrastructures that spanned from biological repositories to bioinformatic hubs as well as thriving Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs) and basic/preclinical cancer research institutions of high international standing. Research, however, was fragmented and lacked coordination. As a result, Europe could not harness its potential for translating basic research discoveries into a clinical setting for the patients' benefit. What was needed was a paradigm shift in cancer research that addressed the translational research continuum. Along these lines, in 2000, European Union (EU) Commissioner Philippe Busquin established the European Research Area (ERA) and in 2002 the European Cancer Research Area (ECRA), and their political approval was a powerful catalyst for the increased involvement of scientists in science policy in the EU. In this report, we briefly describe the actions embraced by the cancer community and cancer organizations in response to Busquin's proposals that led to the creation of the EU Mission on Cancer (MoC) in Horizon 2020 in 2021.
Interval observer design for nonlinear discrete‐time dynamic systems
Authors: Zhirabok Alexey , Zuev Alexander , Filaretov Vladimir
Published: March 2024

The problem of interval observer design for systems described by nonlinear models with uncertainties is considered. The problem is solved based on special mathematical technique (the algebra of functions) which allows obtaining solution for systems containing non‐smooth nonlinearities. The relations to design interval observer insensitive or having minimal sensitivity to the disturbance and estimating the prescribed nonlinear function of the state vector of the original system are derived. Theoretical results are illustrated by example.
Robust adaptive control for a class of autonomous vehicle platoons
Authors: Ren Tianqun , Chen Xiang , Gu Guoxiang
Published: March 2024

This article studies robust adaptive control for a class of autonomous vehicle platoons. In particular, two innovative adaptive control laws are proposed to address both position and velocity tracking for a vehicle platoon. In addition, it is shown that robust asymptotic string stability can be delivered by the underlying adaptive control laws for the vehicle platoon, in the sense that these adaptive control laws are capable of mitigating parameter uncertainties involved in the nonlinear vehicular dynamics and achieving truly cooperative adaptive cruise control while ensuring the required safety spacing between each neighboring vehicle pair asymptotically. It is also shown that the control performance of the vehicle platoon can be further improved if the operating equilibrium points of all vehicles can be adaptively estimated, leading to two linear time‐invariant control laws for individual vehicles under both position and velocity controls and for the vehicle platoon. Simulation studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method, validating the results obtained for the class of vehicle platoons.
Solid State Reaction Epitaxy, A New Approach for Synthesizing Van der Waals heterolayers: The Case of Mn and Cr on Bi2Se3
Authors: Khatun Salma , Alanwoko Onyedikachi , Pathirage Vimukthi , de Oliveira Caique C. , Tromer Raphael M. , Autreto Pedro A. S. , Galvao Douglas S. , Batzill Matthias
Published: March 2024

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures that pair materials with diverse properties enable various quantum phenomena. However, the direct growth of vdW heterostructures is challenging. Modification of the surface layer of quantum materials to introduce new properties is an alternative process akin to solid state reaction. Here, vapor deposited transition metals (TMs), Cr and Mn, are reacted with Bi2Se3 with the goal to transform the surface layer to XBi2Se4 (X = Cr, Mn). Experiments and ab initio MD simulations demonstrate that the TMs have a high selenium affinity driving Se diffusion toward the TM. For monolayer Cr, the surface Bi2Se3 is reduced to Bi2‐layer and a stable (pseudo) 2D Cr1+δSe2 layer is formed. In contrast, monolayer Mn can transform upon mild annealing into MnBi2Se4. This phase only forms for a precise amount of initial Mn deposition. Sub‐monolayer amounts dissolve into the bulk, and multilayers form stable MnSe adlayers. This study highlights the delicate energy balance between adlayers and desired surface modified layers that governs the interface reactions and that the formation of stable adlayers can prevent the reaction with the substrate. The success of obtaining MnBi2Se4 points toward an approach for the engineering of other multicomponent vdW materials by surface reactions.
Surface Adaptive Dual‐Layer Protection of Li‐metal Anode for Extending Cycle‐Life of Li–Sulfur Batteries with Lean Electrolyte
Authors: Choi Bokyung , Kim Kyung‐Geun , Lim Minhong , Kim Beomjun , Seo Jiyeon , Lee Jiwon , Park Sanghyeon , Kim Ki‐Hyun , Lee Yong Min , Lee Hongkyung
Published: March 2024

Building a lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery with lean electrolytes is essential to far exceed the energy density of today's Li‐ion. However, earlier electrolyte depletion triggered by Li‐metal anodes (LMAs) causes sluggish Li–S redox kinetics and poor S utilization, resulting in a short cycle lifespan. To retard the electrolyte loss effectively, sustainable protection of LMAs is necessary against the dynamic interfacial evolution between LMA and protective layers (PLs). This study elucidates two critical parameters in securing the interfacial adaptivity of PLs upon local Li pitting: surface free energy (SFE) and Young's modulus through solid‐mechanic simulations and experiments using three different PL models. To alleviate the PL delamination at the early stage, a dual‐layer structured, adaptive protective layer (APL) is introduced to adapt the Li pitting‐driven structural evolution of the PL|LMA interfaces. The APL consists of a high‐ SFE polymer as an inner layer, reducing the interfacial energy in contact with LMA surface, and a highly stretchable polymer for outer shield, serving as a physical barrier for the electrolyte and Li polysulfides. APL‐coated LMA demonstrates stable cycling of Li–S cells, achieving a twofold extension of cycle‐life compared to unprotected LMA, even superior to other single‐layer PLs.
Clickable Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds for Delivery of Neural Progenitor Cells to Sites of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Tigner Thomas J. , Dampf Gabrielle , Tucker Ashley , Huang Yu‐Chi , Jagrit Vipin , Clevenger Abigail J. , Mohapatra Arpita , Raghavan Shreya A. , Dulin Jennifer N. , Alge Daniel L.
Published: March 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition with limited treatment options. Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising treatment option, and the identification of novel biomaterial scaffolds that support NPC engraftment and therapeutic activity is a top research priority. The objective of this study is to evaluate in situ assembled poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based granular hydrogels for NPC delivery in a murine model of SCI. Microgel precursors are synthesized by using thiol‐norbornene click chemistry to react four‐armed PEG‐amide‐norbornene with enzymatically degradable and cell adhesive peptides. Unreacted norbornene groups are utilized for in situ assembly into scaffolds using a PEG‐di‐tetrazine linker. The granular hydrogel scaffolds exhibit good biocompatibility and do not adversely affect the inflammatory response after SCI. Moreover, when used to deliver NPCs, the granular hydrogel scaffolds supported NPC engraftment, do not adversely affect the immune response to the NPC grafts, and successfully support graft differentiation toward neuronal or astrocytic lineages as well as axonal extension into the host tissue. Collectively, these data establish PEG‐based granular hydrogel scaffolds as a suitable biomaterial platform for NPC delivery and justify further testing, particularly in the context of more severe SCI.
Interaction between amylose, fatty acid, and β‐lactoglobulin to study multiple biomacromolecules self‐assembly and application
Authors: Chao Chen , Huang Shiqing , Wang Cuiping , Sun Rong , Yu Jinglin , Copeland Les , Wang Shujun
Published: March 2024

New concept for the development of supramolecular assemblies from intricate interactions between different classes of biomacromolecules (polysaccharides, proteins and lipids) is yet to come, due to their intrinsic chemical and structural complexity and incompatibility. Herein, we report an interaction mechanism among multiple biomacromolecules, and the structural and digestive properties of their assemblies using amylose (AM), lauric acid (LA), and β‐lactoglobulin (βLG) as exemplars. AM, LA, and βLG interact to form a water‐soluble ternary complex through van der Waals forces between AM and LA and high affinity binding between AM and βLG, which can further assemble into uniform‐sized, semi‐crystalline nanospheres under certain thermodynamic conditions. These nanospheres are substantially resistant to amylolysis, thus can be well utilized by gut microbiota, including increasing short‐chain fatty acid levels and shaping bacterial communities. Illustrating the complexation of AM, LA, and βLG and their assemblies from disorder to order, this work offers potential rationale of assemblies for multiple biomacromolecules driven by non‐covalent interactions and substantial potentials for supramolecular biomaterials development.
A comparative analysis of plastome evolution in autotrophic Piperales
Authors: Jost Matthias , Wanke Stefan
Published: March 2024

Premise

Many plastomes of autotrophic Piperales have been reported to date, describing a variety of differences. Most studies focused only on a few species or a single genus, and extensive, comparative analyses have not been done. Here, we reviewed publicly available plastome reconstructions for autotrophic Piperales, reanalyzed publicly available raw data, and provided new sequence data for all previously missing genera. Comparative plastome genomics of >100 autotrophic Piperales were performed.

Methods

We performed de novo assemblies to reconstruct the plastomes of newly generated sequence data. We used Sanger sequencing and read mapping to verify the assemblies and to bridge assembly gaps. Furthermore, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships as a foundation for comparative plastome genomics.

Results

We identified a plethora of assembly and annotation issues in published plastome data, which, if unattended, will lead to an artificial increase of diversity. We were able to detect patterns of missing and incorrect feature annotation and determined that the inverted repeat (IR) boundaries were the major source for erroneous assembly. Accounting for the aforementioned issues, we discovered relatively stable junctions of the IRs and the small single‐copy region (SSC), whereas the majority of plastome variations among Piperales stems from fluctuations of the boundaries of the IR and the large single‐copy (LSC) region.

Conclusions

This study of all available plastomes of autotrophic Piperales, expanded by new data for previously missing genera, highlights the IR‐LSC junctions as a potential marker for discrimination of various taxonomic levels. Our data indicates a pseudogene‐like status for cemA and ycf15 in various Piperales. Based on a review of published data, we conclude that incorrect IR‐SSC boundary identification is the major source for erroneous plastome assembly. We propose a gold standard for assembly and annotation of high‐quality plastomes based on de novo assembly methods and appropriate references for gene annotation.
Ladungstransferdynamiken in organisch–anorganischen hybriden Heterostrukturen – Einblicke mithilfe von Summenfrequenzspektroskopie
Authors: De Ratnadip , Calvet Neus A. , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin
Published: March 2024

Organisch–anorganische Heterostrukturen spielen eine zentrale Rolle in modernen elektronischen und optoelektronischen Anwendungen. Dazu gehören Photodetektoren und Feldeffekttransistoren sowie die Umwandlung von Solarenergie mithilfe von Photoelektroden für Farbstoffsolarzellen, photoelektrochemischen Zellen und organischen Photovoltaiksystemen. Die Leistung solcher Systeme wird zu großen Teilen durch die Dynamik des Ladungstransfers an und zwischen (inneren) Grenzflächen, z. B. zwischen einem Halbleiter mit großer Bandlücke und molekularen Sensibilisatoren und/oder Katalysatoren, bestimmt. Daher ist ein detailliertes Verständnis der Beziehung zwischen Struktur, Dynamik und Funktion solcher funktionalen Grenzflächen notwendig, um mögliche Limitationen der Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Materialien und Systeme auf molekularer Ebene zu erklären. Die Summenfrequenzspektroskopie (SFS) als grenzflächenempfindliche Technik ermöglicht es, spezifische chemische Informationen über Grenzflächen zu erhalten. Wird diese in ein Anregungs‐Abfrage‐Schema integriert, liefert sie neben solchen chemischen Erkenntnissen eine ultraschnelle Zeitauflösung. Dieser Mini‐Review‐Artikel diskutiert die Vorteile und das Potenzial der SFS für die Untersuchung von Ladungstransferdynamiken an Grenzflächen und von strukturellen Veränderungen an inneren Grenzflächen. Es wird ein wichtiger Beitrag dieser einzigartigen spektroskopischen Einblicke in ansonsten unzugängliche Grenzflächen vorgestellt, der, so hoffen wir, neue Wege für ein besseres Verständnis der funktionsbestimmenden Prozesse in komplexen Materialien aufzeigt. Damit sollen Gemeinschaften, die sich dem Design von Materialien und Bauteilen widmen, mit Spektroskopikern zusammengebracht werden.
Steric‐hindrance Effect Tuned Ion Solvation Enabling High Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Dou Haozhen , Wu Xinru , Xu Mi , Feng Renwu , Ma Qianyi , Luo Dan , Zong Kai , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: March 2024

Despite many additives have been reported for aqueous zinc ion batteries, steric‐hindrance effect of additives and its correlation with Zn2+ solvation structure have been rarely reported. Herein, large‐sized sucrose biomolecule is selected as a paradigm additive, and steric‐hindrance electrolytes (STEs) are developed to investigate the steric‐hindrance effect for solvation structure regulation. Sucrose molecules do not participate in Zn2+ solvation shell, but significantly homogenize the distribution of solvated Zn2+ and enlarge Zn2+ solvation shell with weakened Zn2+−H2O interaction due to the steric‐hindrance effect. More importantly, STEs afford the water‐shielding electric double layer and in situ construct the organic and inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interface, which effectively boost Zn anode reversibility. Remarkably, Zn//NVO battery presents high capacity of 3.9 mAh ⋅ cm−2 with long cycling stability for over 650 cycles at lean electrolyte of 4.5 μL ⋅ mg−1 and low N/P ratio of 1.5, and the stable operation at wide temperature (−20 °C~+40 °C).
Sanierung des Kulturwehrs Breisach
Authors: Gültner Peter
Published: March 2024

Wasserwirtschaftlich genutzte Anlagen werden für eine Nutzungsdauer von bis zu 90 Jahren und mehr ausgelegt. Wegen der übergeordneten Bedeutung dieser Anlagen kommt der präventiven Instandhaltung eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung und Sicherstellung des ordnungsgemäßen Betriebs zu. Wird aufgrund des baulichen Zustands oder anderweitiger Gründe eine Sanierung erforderlich, stellt die Aufrechterhaltung des Betriebs während dieser Bauausführung eine besondere Herausforderung an die Sanierungskonzeptionen dar. Am Kulturwehr Breisach wurden in einer Zeitspanne von mehr als 15 Jahren umfangreiche Sanierungs‐ und Instandsetzungsarbeiten am Massiv‐ und Stahlwasserbau sowie an der Antriebs‐ und Steuerungstechnik unter Aufrechterhaltung des Betriebs ausgeführt. Ziel dieser Arbeiten war die präventive Instandhaltung der Anlage und die nachhaltige Entwicklung eines Überwachungs‐ und Instandhaltungskonzepts für die weitere Unterhaltung. Aufgrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen, die ausführungsparallel zur ursprünglichen Schadensaufnahme und projektparallel im Rahmen der Bauwerksinspektion fortgeführt wurden und werden, wird die Nachhaltigkeit der Sanierungsmaßnahme belegt.
Influence of Deposition Potential on Electrodeposited Bismuth–Copper Oxide Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Bobade Rushikesh G. , Dabke Niteen B. , Shaikh Shoyebmohamad F. , Al‐Enizi Abdullah M. , Pandit Bidhan , Lokhande Balkrishna J. , Ambare Revanappa C.
Published: March 2024

The modern research reported the simplest low–cost synthesis of Bismuth–Copper oxide (Bi2CuO4) with spruce–leaf–like morphology and its applications in supercapacitor devices. Bi (NO3)3 . 5H2O was used as a precursor during an electrodeposition (ED) method to create the spruce–leaf–like Bi2CuO4 electrode. XRD, XPS, FE−SEM, EDX, and TEM were used to characterize the structures and morphologies of the synthesized materials, while CV, CP, and EIS were used to determine their electrochemical characteristics. The Bi2CuO4 phase was confirmed by XRD patterns, and electrochemical testing demonstrated that the material had better rate capability and an SC of 431.2 F/g at a scan rate of 2 mV/s. After 5,000 cycles, it retained 81.4 % of its energy. Additionally, the maximum SC that was attained by the created asymmetric solid–state device ASSD (Bi0.6 Vǀǀ1 M PVA−KOHǀǀAC) was 73.7 F/g. The energy density was 55.3 Wh/Kg at a power density of 4570 W/Kg. The exceptional electrochemical performance of Bi2CuO4 thin film electrodes recommends it has a promising material.
Did court dismiss coach's retaliation claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: March 2024

The head coach of the East Carolina University women's volleyball team reported departmentwide Title IX violations. She also alleged that male coaches were treated more favorably than female coaches.
Inter‐modality comparison of working alliance and client satisfaction in online counselling during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An exploratory study
Authors: Moccia Carla , Bowyer Harriet L.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Mental health suffered during the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown in Scotland. While there was limited availability for face‐to‐face counselling, online counselling was available via telephone, videoconference, email, one‐to‐one chat and group basis. Existing research has failed to examine inter‐modality comparisons of client experiences of online counselling during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Scottish participants (n = 94) who received online counselling during the COVID‐19 pandemic completed an online survey using quantitative methodology, which explored their experiences of one of five online counselling modalities measured by two reliable scales: the Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Revised and factor one of the Satisfaction with Therapy and Therapist Scale. Additional exploratory analysis investigated whether age, gender, choice of online counselling modality and pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic familiarity with online counselling affected these outcomes.

Results

Working alliance and satisfaction outcomes were positively correlated. No significant differences between working alliance and satisfaction scores were found between the five modalities. Female participants, and those who received their preferred choice of counselling modality, had significantly greater working alliance than those who did not.

Conclusion

These findings provide insights to clients and practitioners about the variety of synchronous and asynchronous online platforms that can facilitate good therapeutic outcomes. The importance of participant choice of counselling modality was reiterated. The broader implications of the findings and the future direction of a hybrid online and face‐to‐face counselling model were discussed.
When and why do artifact emojis lead to backfire effects on consumer response?
Authors: Kim Claire Heeryung , Forcum Lura , Giebelhausen Michael
Published: March 2024

In online settings, firms have rapidly adopted emojis in their marketing messages. Thus, marketing research and practice have begun to examine emojis in recent years. However, while prior work has examined the impact of emojis that depict facial expressions and body movements (i.e., kinesic emojis), research into emojis that represent objects (i.e., artifact emojis) is scarce. The present research fills this void by showing that artifact emojis can negatively influence consumer response. Specifically, the authors demonstrate that the presence (vs. absence) of artifact emojis in broadcast marketing messages increases skepticism, as consumers infer the brand has ulterior motives for emoji use. Subsequently, they show decreased response to the brand's broadcast message on multiple marketing outcomes. Moderators that strengthen or weaken the observed effects are also examined: when emojis are less (vs. more) relevant to the text and when artifact emojis substitute (vs. supplement) the word they represent.
Outcome of patients with relapsed or refractory nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas enrolled in phase 2 cooperative group clinical trials: A report from the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Oberoi Sapna , Qumseya Amira , Xue Wei , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Weiss Aaron R.
Published: March 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to estimate the event‐free survival (EFS) of children and young adults with relapsed or refractory nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) treated in nonrandomized phase 2 studies conducted by the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) and predecessor groups to establish a benchmark EFS for future phase 2 NRSTS trials evaluating the activity of novel agents.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients with recurrent or refractory NRSTS prospectively enrolled in nonrandomized phase 2 COG and predecessor group trials between 1994 and 2015 was conducted. EFS was defined as disease progression/relapse or death and calculated via the Kaplan–Meier method. The log‐rank test and relative risk regression were used to compare EFS distribution by age at enrollment, sex, race, NRSTS histology, prior lines of therapy, calendar year of trial, and type of radiographic response.

Results

In total, 137 patients were enrolled in 13 phase 2 trials. All trials used radiographic response rate as a primary outcome, and none of the agents used were considered active on the basis of trial‐specified thresholds. The estimated median EFS and 6‐month EFS of the entire study cohort was 1.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–1.8 months) and 19.4% (95% CI, 12.7%–26%), respectively. No difference in EFS was observed by age at enrollment, sex, race, NRSTS histology subtype, prior lines of therapies, and trial initiation year. EFS significantly differed by radiographic response.

Conclusions

The EFS for children and young adults with relapsed or refractory NRSTS remains suboptimal. Established EFS can be referenced as a benchmark for future single‐agent phase 2 trials incorporating potentially active novel agents in this population.
Identification of QTLs and validation of molecular markers associated with reaction to Fusarium wilt in the common bean cultivar BRS FP403
Authors: Torres Mário Henrique Rodrigues Mendes , Vianello Rosana Pereira , de Souza Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira , Melo Leonardo Cunha , Martins Saulo Muniz , Gomes‐Messias Lucas Matias , Pereira Helton Santos
Published: March 2024

Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, is one of the most prevalent diseases in the common bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris). However, there is little information regarding the genetics of reaction to this disease. Thus, the aims of this study were to estimate genetic parameters, identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with reaction to Fusarium wilt, and validate the markers identified. A total of 165 progenies of the population BRS FP403 × BRS Horizonte were evaluated. Evaluation was made in 2016 and 2017 in field trials in an area infested with the pathogen in Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism and SilicoDArT, where DArT is Diversity Arrays Technology, markers using the DArTseq technology was performed in the F2 generation. Analyses of the phenotypic data indicated the presence of variability among the progenies and the possibility of success from selection, with high estimates of heritability (90%) and gain from selection (37%). A genetic map was obtained with 702 markers and spanned 3069 cM. Five QTLs associated with reaction to Fusarium wilt were identified on five chromosomes. There was interaction between the QTLs and years. Through joint analysis, four QTLs were identified on chromosomes Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, and Pv04, explaining 5.8%–40.5% of the variation. The QTL FOP2.3403H explained 40.5% of phenotypic variation and was stable over the 2 years. From this QTL, two hydrolysis probes were developed for genotyping in a panel of lines for validation. Selection efficiency was over 92%, indicating considerable potential for use in marker‐assisted selection.
Recent Advances in Ammonia Synthesis: From Haber‐Bosch Process to External Field Driven Strategies
Authors: Li Jiayang , Xiong Qingchuan , Mu Xiaowei , Li Lu
Published: March 2024

Ammonia, a pivotal chemical feedstock and a potential hydrogen energy carrier, demands efficient synthesis as a key step in its utilization. The traditional Haber‐Bosch process, known for its high energy consumption, has spurred researchers to seek ammonia synthesis under milder conditions. Advances in surface science and characterization technologies have deepened our understanding of the microscopic reaction mechanisms of ammonia synthesis. This article concentrates on gas‐solid phase ammonia synthesis, initially exploring the latest breakthroughs and improvements in thermal catalytic synthesis. Building on this, it especially focuses on emerging external field‐driven alternatives, such as photocatalysis, photothermal catalysis, and low‐temperature plasma catalysis strategies. The paper concludes by discussing the future prospects and objectives of nitrogen fixation technologies. This comprehensive review is intended to provide profound insights for overcoming the inherent thermodynamic and kinetic constraints in traditional ammonia synthesis, thereby fostering a shift towards “green ammonia” production and significantly reducing the energy footprint.
A Porphyrinic Metal‐Organic Framework with Cooperative Adsorption Domains for PFAS Removal from Water
Authors: Zhang Ying , Kong Ke , Wu Qiao , Ma Tiantian , Liang Jun , Wang Ruihu
Published: March 2024

The removal of toxic poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as persistent pollutants from wastewater is imperative but challenging for water remediation. Many adsorbents including activated carbon, biochar, and clay minerals have been investigated for PFAS removal, but most of these materials are faced with high cost or/and low efficiency. The use of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as sorbents is attractive for efficient removal of PFAS due to their tailor‐made structures and high surface areas. Herein, we synthesized, characterized a water stable Zr‐based porphyrinic MOF (PCN‐224) with cooperative adsorption domains, and demonstrated its excellent capture performance toward perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). PCN‐224 has maximum uptake capacities of 963, 517, and 395 mg g−1 for PFOS, PFHxS, and PFBS, respectively, which are much higher than that of granular activated carbon. Moreover, coexistent anions (Cl−, SO42−) and humic acid have negligible effects on PFOS adsorption. The excellent adsorption performance of PCN‐224 toward PFOS is due to the orthogonal cationic channel pores with a diameter of 1.9 nm, the hydrophobic porphyrin units, and the Zr6 clusters with acidic sites. PCN‐224 can be readily regenerated and reused. This work highlights the potential of MOFs with multiple adsorption domains for water remediation.
Untangling biodiversity interactions: A meta network on pollination in Earth's most diverse tropical savanna
Authors: Aguiar Ludmilla M. S. , Diniz Ugo M. , Bueno‐Rocha Igor D. , Filomeno Laura R. A. , Aguiar‐Machado Luísa S. , Gomes Priscilla A. , Togni Pedro H. B.
Published: March 2024

Pollination is vital for ecosystem functioning, especially in biodiversity‐rich regions like the Brazilian Cerrado. Our research establishes a comprehensive meta network of pollinator–plant interactions within this biome. We quantified the importance of different pollinator groups, identifying keystone species. We examined potential biases in sampling effort and the spatial behavior of interactions within the heterogeneous Cerrado plant physiognomies. Our investigation uncovered 1499 interactions among 293 plant species and 386 visitor species, with legitimate pollination accounting for 42.4% of the interactions. The network exhibited modularity, driven by bees and insects, with vertebrates bridging diurnal and nocturnal modules. While a generalized pattern emerged, high specialization existed within modules due to habitat diversity. Bees, particularly Apis mellifera (exotic) and Trigona spinipes (native), played central roles as network hubs. Hummingbirds and bats, engaged in specialized interactions showing strong connectivity within and between modules. Interestingly, invertebrate–vertebrate modules were more prevalent than expected in the meta network. However, a bias was evident, primarily within specific biogeographical districts with fragmented landscapes and intrusion from other biomes. Variations in plant species and endemism rates influenced pollinator occurrence and the Cerrado network topology. Our study offers valuable insights into pollinator–plant interactions within the Cerrado, encompassing both invertebrates and vertebrates. The modeled network represents a significant step in understanding the structural complexity of pollination networks, integrating partial networks from diverse pollination systems within heterogeneous habitats. Nevertheless, a biogeographical bias could limit a comprehensive understanding of network functionality across the Cerrado.
Comparing cost, effort, and performance of environmental DNA sampling and trapping for detecting an elusive freshwater turtle
Authors: Sternhagen Elizabeth C. , Davis Mark A. , Larson Eric R. , Pearce Sarah E. , Ecrement Stephen M. , Katz Aron D. , Sperry Jinelle H.
Published: March 2024

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is an effective and non‐invasive technique for surveying and monitoring rare, threatened, or endangered (RTE) species. Compared to conventional capture‐based sampling, eDNA analysis may offer a more cost‐effective approach for surveying RTE species, yet few studies have compared their cost‐efficiency—a critical consideration for conservation planning. We compared the costs, effort, and relative performance of aquatic eDNA sampling and conventional trapping for detecting the Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macrochelys temminckii Troost, 1835, in southwest Louisiana, United States. Environmental DNA was sampled quarterly over 1 year (2018–2019) at 19 streams, including three streams where M. temminckii presence had been previously confirmed via conventional trapping efforts (2012–2013). Water samples from each stream were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to assess M. temminckii eDNA presence/absence. Time and costs (i.e., labor, travel, wages, and supplies) per detection via eDNA analysis and trapping were calculated and compared. Environmental DNA analysis documented the presence of M. temminckii DNA at two of the three streams where individuals had previously been trapped and yielded detections (qPCR amplifications) at 16 additional streams not previously sampled, expanding M. temminckii's documented distribution at our study sites by 84%. Environmental DNA analysis returned a detection rate (per site) 5.55 times higher than conventional trapping and was 18.7% less expensive. Our results provide evidence that strategically deployed eDNA surveys may be an effective and cost‐efficient approach for detecting freshwater RTE species. With eDNA analysis, additional resources can be invested toward expanding survey coverage and increasing sampling frequency, allowing managers to more effectively target subsequent intensive monitoring efforts.
A centered limited finite volume approximation of the momentum convection operator for low‐order nonconforming face‐centered discretizations
Authors: Brunel A. , Herbin R. , Latché J.‐C.
Published: March 2024

We propose in this article a discretization of the momentum convection operator for fluid flow simulations on quadrangular or generalized hexahedral meshes. The space discretization is performed by the low‐order nonconforming Rannacher–Turek finite element: the scalar unknowns are associated with the cells of the mesh while the velocities unknowns are associated with the edges or faces. The momentum convection operator is of finite volume type, and its expression is derived, as in MUSCL schemes, by a two‐step technique: computation of a tentative flux, here, with a centered approximation of the velocity, and limitation of this flux using monotonicity arguments. The limitation procedure is of algebraic type, in the sense that its does not invoke any slope reconstruction, and is independent from the geometry of the cells. The derived discrete convection operator applies both to constant or variable density flows and may thus be implemented in a scheme for incompressible or compressible flows. To achieve this goal, we derive a discrete analogue of the computation (with the velocity, one of its component, the density, and assuming that the mass balance holds) and discuss two applications of this result: first, we obtain stability results for a semi‐implicit in time scheme for incompressible and barotropic compressible flows; second, we build a consistent, semi‐implicit in time scheme that is based on the discretization of the internal energy balance rather than the total energy. The performance of the proposed discrete convection operator is assessed by numerical tests on the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, the barotropic and the full compressible Navier–Stokes equations and the compressible Euler equations.
The protective role of carnosine against type 2 diabetes‐induced cognitive impairment
Authors: Wang Qian , Tripodi Nicholas , Valiukas Zachary , Bell Simon M. , Majid Arshad , de Courten Barbora , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Feehan Jack
Published: March 2024

The morbidity and mortality associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have grown exponentially over the last 30 years. Together with its associated complications, the mortality rates have increased. One important complication in those living with T2DM is the acceleration of age‐related cognitive decline. T2DM‐induced cognitive impairment seriously affects memory, executive function, and quality of life. However, there is a lack of effective treatment for both diabetes and cognitive decline. Thus, finding novel treatments which are cheap, effective in both diabetes and cognitive impairment, are easily accessible, are needed to reduce impact on patients with diabetes and health‐care systems. Carnosine, a histidine containing dipeptide, plays a protective role in cognitive diseases due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐glycation properties, all of which may slow the development of neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic injury. Furthermore, carnosine is also involved in regulating glucose and insulin in diabetes. Herein, we discuss the neuroprotective role of carnosine and its mechanisms in T2DM‐induced cognitive impairment, which may provide a theoretical basis and evidence base to evaluate whether carnosine has therapeutic effects in alleviating cognitive dysfunction in T2DM patients.