bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arts Education and Visual Communication in Character Design of the Nusa Five Serial Comic Character by Sweta Kartika
Authors: Aditia Rafinita , Aditia Bahrurrizqi
Published: October 2024

Comics have become one of the most influential media in popular culture in Indonesia. The comic Nusa Five by Sweta Kartika is a prominent example of this, incorporating elements of Indonesian culture into its character designs. This research aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the design of the main characters in the comic Nusa Five to understand how arts education and visual communication play a role in creating characters that reflect the diversity of Indonesian culture. Character design analysis was carried out using a qualitative approach which involved observing the shapes, colors, textures and expressions of the characters in the comic Nusa Five. Data were analyzed to identify ways in which arts education and visual communication influence character formation. The results of the analysis show that art education provides a strong understanding of the use of visual elements to create unique and interesting characters. Meanwhile, visual communication strengthens visual narratives and conveys deep messages to readers. Even though there are some weaknesses in character design, arts education and visual communication remain an important foundation in creating strong and cohesive characters that reflect Indonesian culture. With a better understanding of the principles of visual art and design, Indonesian artists and designers can continue to produce work that respects and well represents the archipelago's cultural diversity.
Tangentially active polymers in cylindrical channels
Authors: Martín-Roca José , Locatelli Emanuele , Bianco Valentino , Malgaretti Paolo , Valeriani Chantal
Published: October 2024

We present an analytical and computational study characterizing the structural and dynamical properties of an active filament confined in cylindrical channels. We first outline the effects of the interplay between confinement and polar self-propulsion on the conformation of the chains. We observe that the scaling of the polymer size in the channel, quantified by the end-to-end distance, shows different anomalous behaviours under different confinement and activity conditions. In particular, we report scaling exponents that are markedly different from their passive counterparts. Interestingly, we show that the universal relation, describing the ratio between the end-to-end distance of passive polymer chains in cylindrical channels and in bulk is broken by activity. Finally, we show that the long-time diffusion coefficient under confinement can be rationalised by an analytical model, that takes into account the presence of the channel and the elongated nature of the polymer.
Research into multi-directional high stability techniques in the same plane for satellite static testing
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Zhou Guodong , Liu Yuhang , Zhang Baokang , Gao Zheng , Yan Huyi
Published: October 2024

In order to ensure the structural strength reliability of spacecraft base plate during launch and operation, it is necessary to perform the structural strength test of load synchronous loading on the base plate in the same plane to evaluate its structural bearing capacity under certain axial and shear loads. In order to meet the test requirements and simulate the real stress condition of the base plate, a reliable implementation scheme is proposed in this paper. Multi-directional uniform loading of a satellite base plate is completed by using the same plane multi-directional high stability test technology. The mechanical test of a satellite using this technology shows that the test strain is consistent with the theoretical simulation deformation. This technology effectively solves the problem of uniform loading in the same plane of the satellite base plate in mechanical testing.
Integrated geophysical and GIS approaches for groundwater potential assessment: a case study of Aladja, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Odunayo Tope , Chiaka Ike Joy , Nwokeabia Charity Nkiru
Published: October 2024

This study explores the groundwater potential in Aladja, Udu, Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria, using an integrated approach combining electrical resistivity techniques with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. The primary aim is to delineate aquifers and comprehensively assess groundwater resources. Methods include Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) to gather resistivity data, RS and GIS for analyzing geological and hydrological parameters such as lineament density, drainage density, slope, soil type, and land use. The resistivity values ranged from 147 to 460.50 Ωm, with aquifer thicknesses varying between 6.50 and 36.30 m. The RS and GIS analysis indicated high groundwater potential in regions characterized by significant lineament density and moderate slopes. The study highlights the complementarity of VES and RS/GIS in groundwater exploration, revealing substantial groundwater resources in the northwestern regions of the study area. This approach underscores the importance of integrating these methods for a more accurate assessment of groundwater potential. The novelty of this study lies in validating RS and GIS findings with VES data, ensuring reliable groundwater potential mapping and effective resource management. This integrated methodology offers a robust framework for sustainable groundwater resource assessment and management in similar geological settings.
Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies, and Biological Activity of Novel Analogs of Cyclophosphamide as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Gholivand Khodayar , Rostami Soobieh Alemi , Sabaghian Marzie , Sadeghi-Mohammadi Sanam , Babaei Azam , Malekshah Rahime Eshaghi , Naderi-Manesh Hossein
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

This study aimed to present the synthesis and characterization
of four novel analogs of cyclophosphamide (2, 3, 4, 7) and their related precursors (1, 5,
6) and assess their anticancer activity against breast cancerous (MCF-7) and normal
(HUVEC) cells.

Method:

Notably, 2-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1,3,2-diazaphospholidine 2-oxide ((2))
and 2-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-1,3,2-diazaphospholidine 2-oxide ((7)) exhibited concentration-
dependent cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line, with IC50 values of 8.98
and 28.74 μM, respectively.

Result:

Annexin V/PI staining and ROS assays demonstrated reduced cell viability and
mitochondrial dysfunction. in silico studies involving DFT-D optimization and Molegro
virtual docking against B-DNA dodecamer and STAT3 receptors revealed enhanced interactions
for certain compounds compared to cyclophosphamide.

Conclusion:

Importantly, the in silico and in vitro results corroborated each other, supporting
the potential anticancer efficacy of these novel analogs.
CDT1 is a Potential Therapeutic Target for the Progression of NAFLD to HCC and the Exacerbation of Cancer
Authors: He Xingyu , Ma Jun , Yan Xue , Yang Xiangyu , Wang Ping , Zhang Lijie , Li Na , Shi Zheng
Published: October 2024

Aims:

This study aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets in the progression from
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a focus on
genes that could influence disease development and progression.

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma, significantly driven by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,
represents a major global health challenge due to late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment options.
This study utilizes bioinformatics to analyze data from GEO and TCGA, aiming to uncover
molecular biomarkers that bridge NAFLD to HCC. Through identifying critical genes and pathways,
our research seeks to advance early detection and develop targeted therapies, potentially improving
prognosis and personalizing treatment for NAFLD-HCC patients.

Objective:

Identify key genes that differ between NAFLD and HCC; Analyze these genes to understand
their roles in disease progression; Validate the functions of these genes in NAFLD to HCC
transition.

Methods:

Initially, we identified a set of genes differentially expressed in both NAFLD and HCC
using second-generation sequencing data from the GEO and TCGA databases. We then employed
a Cox proportional hazards model and a Lasso regression model, applying machine learning techniques
to the large sample data from TCGA. This approach was used to screen for key disease-related
genes, and an external dataset was utilized for model validation. Additionally, pseudo-temporal
sequencing analysis of single-cell sequencing data was performed to further examine the variations
in these genes in NAFLD and HCC.

Results:

The machine learning analysis identified IGSF3, CENPW, CDT1, and CDC6 as key
genes. Furthermore, constructing a machine learning model for CDT1 revealed it to be the most
critical gene, with model validation yielding an ROC value greater than 0.80. The single-cell sequencing
data analysis confirmed significant variations in the four predicted key genes between
the NAFLD and HCC groups.

Conclusion:

Our study underscores the pivotal role of CDT1 in the progression from NAFLD to
HCC. This finding opens new avenues for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of HCC, highlighting
CDT1 as a potential therapeutic target.
Role of Immunotherapy in the Management of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Addanki Raja Narendra Divakar , Mannava Anjali Srikanth , abbas ali Mustansir , Velmurugan Hemasri , Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Sri Varshini Talagampala
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The most prevalent histologic subtype of primary liver cancer, hepato-cellular carcinoma, is also the third most lethal malignancy worldwide and a significant cause of cancer death. When diagnosed, it is frequently too late for curative therapies. To add to the difficulty, it is resistant to conventional systemic therapies like chemotherapy. Method: Re-cently, more attention has been given to the use of immunotherapy for this condition. Immuno-therapy has had a major impact on the outcome of several malignancies; several studies have revealed the potential role of immunotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. To provide an overview of the current literature, justification, and clinical evidence for the use of immuno-therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, we employed a systematic literature review (SLR) approach in this work. Additionally, we explored the benefits and rationales of various treatment combinations and described the molecular mechanisms behind resistance to a number of immunotherapy drugs. Results: A total of 188 articles from credible journals published be-tween 2013 and August 7, 2023, were screened. Eight of those articles were chosen for in-depth study. This systematic review concluded that the current immunotherapeutic approaches have the potential to improve outcomes for aHCC patients; however, several clinical and biological hurdles have to be overcome, and predictive markers are still eagerly needed. Conclusion: To fully realize the potential of immunotherapy agents and their combination therapies to enhance health outcomes for patients with aHCC, additional investigation and research are required.
Liquisolid Technique for Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drug - A Brief Review
Authors: Prusty Amaresh , Jena Bikash Ranajn , Barik Vivek , Khamkat Piyali , Barik Bhakti Bhusan
Published: October 2024

Most of the newly discovered drug candidates are lipophilic and poorly water-soluble,
making it a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical industry to formulate suitable drug delivery
systems. This review gives insight into an overview of the liquisolid technique (LST) and summarizes
the progress of its various applications in drug delivery. This novel technique involves converting
liquid drugs or drugs in a liquid state (such as solutions, suspensions, or emulsions) into dry, nonadherent,
free-flowing, and readily compressible powder mixtures by blending or spraying a liquid
dispersion onto specific powder carriers and coating materials. In Liquisolid systems, the liquid medication
is absorbed into the interior framework of carriers. Once the carrier's interior is saturated with
liquid medication, a liquid layer forms on the surface of the carrier particles, which is instantly adsorbed
by the fine coating material. As a result, a dry, free-flowing, and compressible powder mixture
is formed. Compared to other solubility enhancement techniques, s.a. micronization, inclusion complexation,
microencapsulation, nanosuspension, and self-nano emulsions, LST is relatively simple to
prepare and may offer a cost-effective solution to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs
enhancing its bioavailability in drug formulation and delivery.
Decoding the Knacks of Ellagitannin Lead Compounds to Treat Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease using Computer-aided Drug Designing
Authors: Shahid Hina , Ibrahim Muhammad , Alonazi Wadi B. , Chi Zhanyou
Published: October 2024

Background:

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing
globally, impacting individuals in Western nations and rapid growing in Asian countries due
to sedentary lifestyles; thus, NAFLD has emerged as a significant worldwide health concern.
Presently, lifestyle changes represent the primary approach to managing NAFLD.

Methods:

This research aimed to identify the potential drug targets for treating NAFLD
through comprehensive in silico computational analysis. These include the prediction of the
three-dimensional structure of the protein, the prediction of inhibitors by PubChem and ZINC,
molecular docking by Autodcok, pharmacophore modeling, molecular dynamics simulation by
the OPLS_2005 force field, and the orthorhombic box solvent model Intermolecular Interaction
Potential 3 Points Transferable to the selected compound. The toxicity of the lead compounds
was analyzed through AdmetSAR software.

Results:

The protein associated with the PNPLA3 gene, whose overall three-dimensional structure
was 95% accurate, were retrieved following inhibitor selection via PubChem and ZINC.
Among the selected inhibitors and docked compounds with ID 10033935 (ellagitannin) showed
a minimum E-Score of -17.266. In docking and pharmacophore modeling the compound ellagitannin
shows promise as a potential drug candidate. Moreover, the molecular dynamics and
structural stability of the protein-ligand complex were evaluated with several metrics such as as
root mean square fluctuation and root mean square deviation and resulted in the stability not
only of PNPLA3-10033935 (ellagitannin) but also of compound PNPLA3-71448940 and
PNPLA3-5748394 complexed proteins at 400 ns with very slight variation.

Conclusion:

Overall, ellagitannin was identified as the best druggable target with the best therapeutics
profile. The findings of our study can pave the way for the development of a new drug
against NALFD.
Changes of Unit Cell Parameters in Lactose Saturated by Substances Technologically Processed by Dilution
Authors: R.R. Konstantinov , N.N. Rodionova , E.O. Khimich , D.A. Skakun , A.O. Petrova , S.A. Tarasov
Published: October 2024

Background:

Our research investigates how the structure of a lactose matrix can be
altered by the specific drugs used to saturate it. In particular, we examine whether ultra-high
dilutions of substances, such as antibodies, can change the crystal structure of lactose.

Methods:

We employed methods including X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, and
granulometric content analysis.

Results:

Our findings suggest that once saturated with highly diluted substances, lactose does
indeed gain and retain changes in its crystalline structures [particularly cell parameters a, b, c,
β]. These changes are most pronounced between intact and saturated lactose samples, and there
are also differences observed when using different solutions for saturation.

Conclusion:

The results support the idea that ultra-high dilutions can irreversibly change the
structure of lactose, potentially due to differences in solution wetting and subsequent recrystallization
of the lactose matrix.
Nano Innovation: Enhancing Food Packaging through Nanotechnology
Authors: Singh Astha , Patel Aakriti , Minocha Neha
Published: October 2024

The utilization of nanotechnology in developing novel packaging components has
grown significantly in recent years, and it is anticipated to have a significant influence on the
food industry shortly. It offers to produce food packaging with improved qualities that will assist
food goods in lasting longer on the shelf. The present article comprehensively discusses the nanoparticles
commonly used in food packaging, the significant changes they bring to the qualities
of the material, and the commercially available packaging materials based on nanotechnology.
This review primarily focuses on using nanotechnologies in food processing and packaging,
explicitly examining their impact on food quality and safety. To comprehend the function of
enhanced, active, and antimicrobial packaging in food packaging. The utilization of nanotechnology
in food products has experienced a significant surge in popularity in both developed and
developing nations. The review was obtained from searches conducted on academic databases
such as Sci-Hub, Google Scholar, PubMed, etc. Collected data from many sources has been
compiled and presented here to facilitate further research on the application of nanotechnology
in food packaging. In the current review, we also discussed the different organic and inorganic
nanomaterials. The article also discusses consumer health and safety concerns, highlighting the
significance of thorough safety assessments and clear communication. Nanotechnology has numerous
uses in diverse areas of food technology. This analysis examines the potential of nanotechnology
to improve the quality and safety of packaged food. Nanotechnology in food packaging
is highly encouraging, providing substantial advantages in terms of food preservation, safety,
and sustainability. This paper offers a thorough examination of present trends, technological
progress, and future predictions to provide a full understanding of how nanotechnology can fundamentally
transform food packaging. This transformation will enable the development of creative,
environmentally friendly, and more secure food systems.
Unveiling the Underlying Mechanisms Related to the Biological Activities of Cynometra cauliflora
Authors: Md Zin Siti Rosmani , Hashim Noor Eliza , Das Srijit , Zulkafli Intan Suhana
Published: October 2024

Cynometra cauliflora Linn. (C. cauliflora), a member of the Fabaceae family within the
Cynometra genus, is an underrated medicinal plant in Malaysia. It features frog-like fruits and is
known locally as Namnam. The plant grows in tropical regions and is used in the traditional treatment
of various medical conditions. Previous studies have revealed a broad range of its pharmacological
benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-lipase, anti-diarrheal,
cytotoxic, anti-microbial, and anti-cholinesterase properties. The active constituents identified in C.
cauliflora are thought to contribute to its diverse range of biological activities. Research shows that
different parts of C. cauliflora contain phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. The
leaves and bark also have cardiac glycosides, while the fruit is rich in flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins,
and tannins. Furthermore, ethanol extracts of its leaves were found to contain vitamin C and its
major constituent, vitexin. In this review, the biological activities of C. cauliflora are explored and
reviewed through various literature sources, aiming to highlight the mechanisms and compounds that
underlie its potential as a source for natural therapies.
Allelopathic Potential of Volatile Oils from Mentha piperita and Chrysanthemum coronarium Growing in Western Algeria
Authors: Zatla Amina Tabet , Hammoudi Amina , Dib Mohammed El Amine
Published: October 2024

Background:

The allelopathic effects of the essential oils of M. piperita and C. coronarium
on seed germination of two wheat species qualify them as bio-herbicides.

Objective:

In order to search for natural plant-based products that may have herbicidal action, we
selected two plant species, M. piperita and C. coronarium, to evaluate the allelopathic potential of
their essential oils on wheat seed germination of two wheat species.

Methods:

Aerials parts of M. piperita and C. Coronarium were subjected to hydrodistillation using
a Clevenger-type apparatus to extract essential oils, followed by characterization using gas chromatography
coupled with mass spectrometry. Bioassays were conducted with ethanol as the organic
solvent, employing three concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 μl/ml of oil/ethanol) to assess their effects
on the seed and seedling growth of two wheat species.

Results:

Under laboratory conditions, extracts of Mentha piperita and Chrysanthemum coronarium
oils at varying concentrations (0.25 μl, 0.5 μl, and 0.75 μl) were examined for their effects on two
wheat species (Triticum durum L. and Triticum aestivum L.). The yields of the obtained oils were
1.19% and 0.25%, respectively. The chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from M.
piperita and C. coronarium was dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes, representing 97.5% and
94.9%, respectively. The tested essential oils strongly inhibit seed germination and seedling growth
(root length LR and shoot length LPA) of both wheat species studied. The inhibition increased as
the oil concentration increased, although this increase differed between the two species. This study
has shown that the tested essential oils possess an interesting inhibitory allelopathic potential.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study indicate that the tested essential oils possess promising
allelopathic properties, suggesting them as natural bio-herbicides.
Photos on Strings? A Fotografia na Literatura de Viagens Sobre Portugal (1900-1960)
Authors: Resende Nuno
Published: October 2024

Pictures on strings or wires are reminiscent of the drying process of proofs after the developing bath. Literatura de cordel, as so called in Portuguese because it featured small books hanging from strings (cordéis), was also one of the first processes to vulgarise writing and the image. Before photography, the image was already circulating, whether through sculptures, paintings or engravings, but its invention allowed for a faster and more comprehensive dissemination of the repre- sentation of things in a network (or, if you like, through strings), of those things that make up the vocabulary of so-called Visual Culture. Photographs that dialogue with other photographs, with texts, with their reproductions and copies and with photographic and filmic images are part of a contemporary language. With this in mind, we propose looking at a series of works of travel literature whose authors travelled to Portugal in the 20th century and who, in addition to the text, presented, represented and conveyed the country through photographs. Questioning the authorial as- pects of their production, the reasons (propagandistic, commercial, literary?) for their choice in each work and relating them be- tween works, we present some reflections and hypotheses to understand the use of photo- graphy in travel literature: whether it complements the text, or is a separate narrative. To do this, we used a sample of 10 works and 350 printed images between 1909 and 1960
The impact of task-based learning on practical intelligence in medical students: A quasi-experimental study
Authors:   Department of Special Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia, Elballah Khaled Awad , Gaber Sherif Adel ,   Department of Special Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia, Shahat Hussein Ahmed ,   Department of Art Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia, Mohamed Thanaa Abdelrashed ,   Department of Islamic Studies, College of Sharia and Law, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
Published: October 2024

Practical intelligence (PI) is a multi-dimensional concept that includes skills for everyday life, tacit knowledge, and conflict resolution. It also involves creative traits such as perseverance, adaptability, and problem-solving, which are crucial for success in both university and work settings. This study aimed to assess the impact of a task-based learning (TBL) strategy on the practical intelligence of medical students. A total of 121 medical students participated in this quasi-experimental study, divided into two groups: a control group receiving routine teaching and an experimental group using the TBL strategy. Practical intelligence was measured before and after the intervention using a scale specifically developed for university students by the researcher. The results showed that the experimental group scored significantly higher in practical intelligence compared to the control group. The findings also demonstrated that the task-based learning strategy is an effective teaching method for improving the practical intelligence of medical students enhancing their performance in real-world work environments.
The impact of Reserve Bank of India officials' resignations on financial sector returns: An event-study analysis
Authors:   Insurance and Banking Department, College of Business Studies, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Ardiya, Kuwait, Bash Ahmad , Faras Reyadh ,   Economics Department, College of Business Administration, Kuwait University, Al-Shadadiya, Kuwait, Al-Awadhi Abdullah M. ,   Insurance and Banking Department, College of Business Studies, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Ardiya, Kuwait, AlAli Musaed S. ,   Insurance and Banking Department, College of Business Studies, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Ardiya, Kuwait
Published: October 2024

In this study, we examine the short-term effects of the resignations of high-ranking officials from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on financial sector returns. We apply a commonly used event-study method to analyze financial sector stocks during the period from February 16, 2018, to July 22, 2019. The findings reveal that the financial sector was sensitive to the resignations of RBI Governor Urjit Patel and Deputy Governor Viral Acharya, both strong supporters of the RBI's independence. Patel’s resignation caused a significant negative impact on cumulative abnormal returns, while Acharya’s resignation led to a significant positive impact on these returns. Our results suggest that central bank independence (CBI) may have varied short-term effects on financial sector performance. It is, therefore, important for both politicians and investors to understand the implications of our findings in order to fully grasp the political and economic consequences of central bank independence and the credibility of monetary policy on financial sector outcomes. For future research, we suggest exploring the effects of these resignations on other financial indicators, such as bond yields, exchange rates, and interest rates, using alternative methods.
A Narrative Review of the TP53 and Its Product the p53 Protein
Authors: Foroutan Behzad
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of this paper was to generate a narrative review related to the current knowledge of the TP53 gene and its product, the p53 protein. It was also attempted to elucidate the different p53 reactivation strategies of great interest, as various small molecules are being studied to reactivate mutant p53. PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched for p53, mutant p53, and wild-type p53 limited by the title filter through the end of 2022. The collected articles were studied, evaluated and summarized. In the short (p) arm of chromosome 17, there is a special place for TP53. (17p.13.1). It is made up of 19,180 bp, which includes thirteen exons, (elevem exons, two alternative exons), and ten introns. TP53 is mutated in most types of human cancers resulting in aggressive cancer proliferation, immune system evasion, genomic instability, invasion, and metastasis. Under stress-free conditions, p53 function is negatively regulated by HDM2, a p53 target gene, which binds to it and establishes an auto-regulatory negative feedback loop that promotes proteasomal-dependent degradation. In these conditions, p53 maintains at low levels and normalizes biological operations as the master regulator of cell fate. However, under conditions of stress such as DNA damage, hypoxia, oxidative stress, oncogene expression, nutrient deprivation, ribosomal dysfunction, or telomere attrition the p53 selection pathway will be cell type-specific and depend on the type and severity of the cell damage. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation, which induce the expression of p53 target genes, contribute to the p53 selection pathway. In these conditions, p53 tetramerized and stabilized in the nucleus and activated, and its levels increased in the cell due to blocking the interaction with MDM2. Valuable findings have been discovered that elucidate the biological, biochemical, immunological, physiological, and pathological roles of p53 and its fundamental roles in cancer biology and genetics. The information gathered here should contribute to a better understanding of the impact of p53 deregulation on cancer and new research aimed at finding new anticancer strategies capable of reactivating the cancer suppressive function of WT and/or blocking the function of mutant p53 in order to improve cancer therapy and prognosis.
Influenza-Like Illness in Lesotho From July 2020 to July 2021: Population-Based Participatory Surveillance Results
Authors: Greenleaf Abigail R , Francis Sarah , Zou Jungang , Farley Shannon M , Lekhela Tšepang , Asiimwe Fred , Chen Qixuan
Published: October 2024

Background

Participatory surveillance involves at-risk populations reporting their symptoms using technology. In Lesotho, a landlocked country of 2 million people in Southern Africa, laboratory and case-based COVID-19 surveillance systems were complemented by a participatory surveillance system called “LeCellPHIA” (Lesotho Cell Phone Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Survey).

Objective

This report describes the person, place, and time characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Lesotho from July 15, 2020, to July 15, 2021, and reports the risk ratio of ILI by key demographic variables.

Methods

LeCellPHIA employed interviewers to call participants weekly to inquire about ILI. The average weekly incidence rate for the year-long period was created using a Quasi-Poisson model, which accounted for overdispersion. To identify factors associated with an increased risk of ILI, we conducted a weekly data analysis by fitting a multilevel Poisson regression model, which accounted for 3 levels of clustering.

Results

The overall response rate for the year of data collection was 75%, which resulted in 122,985 weekly reports from 1776 participants. ILI trends from LeCellPHIA mirrored COVID-19 testing data trends, with an epidemic peak in mid to late January 2021. Overall, any ILI symptoms (eg, fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath) were reported at an average weekly rate of 879 per 100,000 (95% CI 782‐988) persons at risk. Compared to persons in the youngest age group (15‐19 years), all older age groups had an elevated risk of ILI, with the highest risk of ILI in the oldest age group (≥60 years; risk ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.7‐3.8). Weekly data were shared in near real time with the National COVID-19 Secretariat and other stakeholders to monitor ILI trends, identify and respond to increases in reports of ILI, and inform policies and practices designed to reduce COVID-19 transmission in Lesotho.

Conclusions

LeCellPHIA, an innovative and cost-effective system, could be replicated in countries where cell phone ownership is high but internet use is not yet high enough for a web- or app-based surveilance system.
Patients’ Experienced Usability and Satisfaction With Digital Health Solutions in a Home Setting: Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Oudbier Susan J , Smets Ellen MA , Nieuwkerk Pythia T , Neal David P , Nurmohamed S Azam , Meij Hans J , Dusseljee-Peute Linda W
Published: October 2024

Background

The field of digital health solutions (DHS) has grown tremendously over the past years. DHS include tools for self-management, which support individuals to take charge of their own health. The usability of DHS, as experienced by patients, is pivotal to adoption. However, well-known questionnaires that evaluate usability and satisfaction use complex terminology derived from human-computer interaction and are therefore not well suited to assess experienced usability of patients using DHS in a home setting.

Objective

This study aimed to develop, validate, and assess an instrument that measures experienced usability and satisfaction of patients using DHS in a home setting.

Methods

The development of the “Experienced Usability and Satisfaction with Self-monitoring in the Home Setting” (GEMS) questionnaire followed several steps. Step I consisted of assessing the content validity, by conducting a literature review on current usability and satisfaction questionnaires, collecting statements and discussing these in an expert meeting, and translating each statement and adjusting it to the language level of the general population. This phase resulted in a draft version of the GEMS. Step II comprised assessing its face validity by pilot testing with Amsterdam University Medical Center’s patient panel. In step III, psychometric analysis was conducted and the GEMS was assessed for reliability.

Results

A total of 14 items were included for psychometric analysis and resulted in 4 reliable scales: convenience of use, perceived value, efficiency of use, and satisfaction.

Conclusions

Overall, the GEMS questionnaire demonstrated its reliability and validity in assessing experienced usability and satisfaction of DHS in a home setting. Further refinement of the instrument is necessary to confirm its applicability in other patient populations in order to promote the development of a steering mechanism that can be applied longitudinally throughout implementation, and can be used as a benchmarking instrument.
Co-Designing a Conversational Agent With Older Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Who Age in Place: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wegener Emilie Kauffeldt , M Bergschöld Jenny , Kramer Tina , Schmidt Camilla Wong , Borgnakke Karen
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

As a reaction to the global demographic increase in older adults (aged 60+ years), policy makers call for initiatives to enable healthy aging. This includes a focus on person-centered care and access to long-term care for older adults, such as developing different services and digital health technologies. This can enable patients to engage in their health and reduce the burden on the health care systems and health care professionals. The European Union project Smart Inclusive Living Environments (SMILE) focuses on well-being and aging in place using new digital health technologies. The novelty of the SMILE project is the use of a cocreational approach focused on the needs and preferences of older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in technology development, to enhance access, adaptation, and usability and to reduce stigma.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to describe the perspective, needs, and preferences of older adults living with COPD in the context of the design and development of a conversational agent.

METHODS

This study carried out a data-driven thematic analysis of interview data from 11 cocreation workshops with 33 older adults living with COPD.

RESULTS

The three particular features that the workshop participants wanted to implement in a new technology were (1) a “my health” function, to use technology to manage and learn more about their condition; (2) a “daily activities” function, including an overview and information about social and physical activities in their local area; and (3) a “sleep” function, to manage circadian rhythm and enhance sleep quality, for example, through online video guides. In total, 2 overarching themes were identified for the 3 functions: measurements, which were actively discussed and received mixed interest among the participants, and health literacy, due to an overall interest in learning more about their condition in relation to everyday life.

CONCLUSIONS

The future design of digital health technology must embrace the complexities of the everyday life of an older adult living with COPD and cater to their needs and preferences. Measurements should be optional and personalized, and digital solutions should be used as a supplement to health care professionals, not as substitute.
Exploring SGLT2 Inhibitors’ Advantage Over Thiazolidinediones in Neurodegenerative Prevention: A Real-World Data Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Park Sang Joon , Kim Hye Jeong , Byun Dong Won , Suh Kyoil , Yang Hyeon-Jong , Lee Inho , Kwon Soon Hyo , Kim Min Jae , Mok Ji-Oh , Chun Sung Wan , Seo Mi-Hae , Park Rae Woong , Seo Won-Woo , Kwon So Yoon , Rhee Sang Youl , Kim Min-ho , Cha Jae Myung , Kwon Joon-myoung , Kim Sang-Wook , Park Hyeong Kyu
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), increases significantly with age. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Emerging evidence suggests that certain antidiabetic medications may affect neurodegenerative outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to compare the risk of stroke, dementia, and AD between patients treated with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and those treated with thiazolidinediones (TZDs).

METHODS

This multicenter retrospective observational cohort study utilized electronic health records from 12 secondary and tertiary hospitals in South Korea from October 1, 2009, to April 30, 2023. Patients aged 55 years or older who were newly prescribed either SGLT2 inhibitors or TZDs without prior exposure were included. Incidence rates of stroke, dementia, and AD were evaluated using propensity score matching and Cox regression analysis to calculate hazard ratios (HRs).

RESULTS

The study included 31,998 cases of stroke, 33,942 cases of dementia, and 34,500 cases of AD. Compared to TZDs, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of stroke (HR 0.6248, 95% CI 0.4154–0.9398, P= .0024), dementia (HR 0.5622, 95% CI 0.4077–0.7751, P=.0004), and AD (HR 0.5556, 95% CI 0.3831–0.8056, P=.0019).

CONCLUSIONS

SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with a reduced risk of stroke, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease compared to TZDs in patients aged 55 years and older with type 2 diabetes. These findings suggest a potential neuroprotective effect of SGLT2 inhibitors, which may inform therapeutic decision-making for type 2 DM patients at risk for neurodegenerative diseases. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these associations and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Kompetensi Pustakawan Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 di Perpustakaan FKKMK Universitas Gadjah Mada
Authors: Mustar Maniso , Setyodevi Katrin
Published: October 2024

Profesionalisme dan kompetensi pustakawan Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada (FKKMK UGM) serta layanan perpustakaan berkualitas tinggi menjadi perhatian utama selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kompetensi pustakawan dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi profesionalisme pustakawan dan upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan profesionalisme pustakawan di perpustakaan FKKMK Universitas Gadjah Mada pasca pandemi Covid-19.. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dan data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi sejak 15 Mei sampai 30 Mei 2023 dengan tujuh (7) Pustakawan FKKMK UGM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kompetensi dan profesionalisme pustakawan di perpustakaan FKKMK Universitas Gadjah Mada pasca pandemi Covid-19 adalah kompetensi, motivasi, dukungan manajemen, lingkungan kerja, dan keterlibatan dalam pelatihan dan pengembangan profesi. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkannya, di antaranya adalah meningkatkan kompetensi dan keterampilan pustakawan melalui pelatihan dan pengembangan profesi, memberikan dukungan manajemen yang memadai, mendorong keterlibatan pustakawan dalam kegiatan profesi dan organisasi, serta menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang kondusif. Faktor-faktor seperti kompetensi, motivasi, dukungan manajemen, lingkungan kerja, dan keterlibatan dalam pelatihan dan pengembangan profesi berperan penting dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme pustakawan. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada tindakan yang dilakukan untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan profesionalisme pustakawan melalui pelatihan dan pengembangan profesi, dukungan manajemen, keterlibatan dalam kegiatan profesi dan organisasi, serta menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang kondusif.
Research on the Talent Cultivation Model of Accounting Professionals in Higher Vocational Colleges under the OBE Concept
Authors: Xu Yihua
Published: October 2024

The OBE philosophy is to set the student's learning outcomes as the teaching goal, advocate the OBE philosophy, combine the needs of enterprises in hiring personnel, formulate training plans, establish curriculum systems, design and implement teaching processes, and determine graduation requirements. In order to promote the development of accounting and finance majors in vocational colleges and provide support and suggestions for the reform of vocational education as a whole, we study and explore how to expand the reform ideas of accounting and finance major curriculum systems in vocational colleges under the guidance of the OBE philosophy, and how to carry out the talent cultivation model of accounting and finance majors in vocational colleges.
Una aproximación jurisprudencial al objeto del proceso laboral múltiple: cuestiones subjetivas en el régimen de subcontratación
Authors: Romero Rodríguez Sophía
Published: October 2024

Se efectúa un análisis jurisprudencial de tres problemas que se suscitan en los procesos laborales en que se ventila una relación en régimen de subcontratación, relativos a los elementos subjetivos de las acciones que en esta clase de procedimientos se pueden deducir. Se concluye, de las decisiones judiciales revisadas, que estas no distinguen que en los juicios de subcontratación existen dos clases de acciones ejercitadas, y ello desemboca en un tratamiento procesal dispar de las categorías de litisconsorcio y legitimación, lo que puede generar indefensión.
Influencias de las estrategias de aprendizaje de las matemáticas y rendimiento académico
Authors: Alexander Rodríguez Cepeda , Báez Pérez Benjamín , Escalante José Luis
Published: October 2024

Las estrategias de aprendizaje son esenciales para la asimilación y la acomodación cognitiva del conocimiento. En este orden, la presente investigación abordó su influencia en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios de matemáticas del Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña (ISFODOSU), recinto Emilio Prud'Homme. La muestra elegida fue de 57 estudiantes del periodo académico mayo-agosto del 2023 y se seleccionó por conveniencia. El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre las estrategias de aprendizaje y el desempeño académico. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño correlacional y no experimental. La técnica de recogida de datos fue la encuesta, mediante el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Estrategias de Aprendizaje para Estudiantes Universitarios (CEVEAPEU). El nivel de fiabilidad con el coeficiente α de Cronbach fue de.897. Los resultados muestran que la motivación extrínseca está relacionada con bajo rendimiento académico, mientras que el manejo de recursos para el uso de la información adquirida se asocia con un alto rendimiento académico.
Vibrational and Dissipative Characteristic Measurement of Solid-state Wave Gyroscope Resonators: Algorithms Based on the Identification of Free Oscillation Equations
Authors: Shishakov K. V.
Published: October 2024

The article describes the methodological basis for constructing computational circuits of different complexity degrees and different purposes for solving a wide range of industrial and laboratory problems to measure angular irregularity of vibrational-dissipative resonatorcharacteristics of integrating solid-state wave gyroscopes. The main method to solve such problems is the identification of the coefficients of the differential equations of quartz hemispherical resonator state in the mode of its free oscillations. The resonator oscillation equations both in the fixed measuring axes and in the moving axes of standing waves were chosen as the equations of state. After reduction to slow variables, only slowly changing amplitudeequations are left for identification problems. In all the described circuits, it is assumed that the information signals for the solved identification tasks are formed in a measuring device similar to the standard gyroscope device. These algorithms make it possible to measure the vibrational and dissipative characteristics of resonators with different degrees of completeness and directionality for different standard initial requirements to themeasurement accuracy and experimental modes, which makes it possible to reduce the measurement time and labor intensity of the established set of production control operations. Among the tasks to be solved for the free run-down mode of the resonator wave pattern are the following: angular irregularity measurement of the gyroscope resonator dissipative properties under conditions of low and significant residual frequency difference; angular non-uniformity measurement of gyroscope resonator vibrational properties (its different frequency); simultaneous measurement of resonator oscillatory and dissipative characteristics for fixed and special rotating gyroscope modes. The detailed processing of the computational schemes for the implementation of these algorithms is focused on their practical application for various tasks of production operational control. At the same time, the choice of the most suitable computational algorithm from the considered options depends on the conditions, requirements and specifics of measurements.
Application of Machine Learning Methods for Forecasting in the Agricultural Sector of the Economy
Authors: Fayzullin R. V. , Novikova O. A.
Published: October 2024

This article is aimed at researching machine learning methods in the context of agriculture. Studying the issues of advanced mathematical method adaptation for the agricultural sector of the economy allows us to build effective management models and predict further development. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the application of advanced machine learning methods (linear regression, gradient boosting, random forest, neural networks (Deep Learning), Support Vector Machines (SVR), One-Class SVM, KNN, K-Means, principal component analysis (PCA)) in the agricultural sector in order to optimize production, increase the efficiency of agribusiness and predict parameters. Based on the analysis of key machine learning methods, conclusions regarding their applicability in agriculturewere drawn. A special emphasis in the study is placed on the development and improvement of a model for predicting agricultural yields using machine learning methods. For practical testing, a basic model based on RandomForestRegressor was chosen, which allows predicting yield, taking into account various factors such as weather conditions, fertilizer level, soil type and other significant aspects. As part of the study, an algorithm for performing calculations using Python is presented, which allows for model training, visualization of the influence of parameters and statistical analysis. During the testing process, the model was optimized using GridSearchCV, aimed at selecting optimal hyperparameters. The analysis revealed the possibility of model improvement, yet, at low statistical significance. The obtained research results show that it is possible to apply machine learning to improve the productivity of forecasting key parameters in agricultureeffectively.