bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal Cities: Commemoration at Manzanar, California and Cowra, Australia
Authors: Horiuchi Lynne , Pieris Anoma
Published: June 2019

This article compares two former Pacific War incarceration histories in the us and Australia, inquiring how their narratives of confinement and redress might be interpreted spatially and materially, and how these sensibilities are incorporated into contemporary heritage strategies including, in these examples, through Japanese garden designs. At the Manzanar Historic Site in California, the efforts of several generations advocating for civil rights and preservation of the Manzanar Relocation Center have overlapped with the National Park Service’s efforts to fulfil its federal mandates to preserve and restore the historic site. Conversely at Cowra, New South Wales, these histories are interwoven with post-war commemorative spaces, aimed at drawing visitors to former incarceration sites and encouraging contemplation of these difficult histories. This article analyses their complex creative processes and interpretive strategies as useful for drawing these isolated national stories into broader global interrogations of their significance.
Between Composition and Emergentness: A Cognitive Semantics Re-Reading of the Way-Construction
Authors: Lampert Guenther
Published: June 2019

This study re-analyzes the English way-construction by having recourse to diverse concepts and tools of Talmy’s cognitive semantics. Drawing on his theory of recombinance and its relevance for conceptualizing the construction, the article implements Talmy’s theory of event integration, categorizes the way-construction as an instantiation of the open path event frame, considers link-ups of the schematic systems of force dynamics and attention as they become instantiated in the construction, and probes into its motion-aspect patterning, grounded in a conformation of space and time and resulting in a strategy that is called de-conflation. Further, it will recruit Talmy’s types of semantic conflict resolution (shifts, blends, juxtaposition) to explain seemingly incompatible features of the construction. On a meta-theoretical plane, the article is to present evidence for the view that a cognitive semantics account may complement the many descriptive accounts of the way-construction by providing some missing cognitive foundations and motivation.
“Let the Waters Be Gathered Together, and Let the Dry Land Appear”: Sixteenth-Century Exegeses of Genesis 1.9–10 in Context
Authors: Starkey Lindsay J.
Published: June 2019

Building on both Christian scriptures and Aristotelian notions of the four elements, many patristic, medieval, and sixteenth-century Christians held that water could and perhaps should cover the whole earth. Christian and Jewish exegetes from Basil the Great and into the sixteenth century discussed the dry land’s existence in their commentaries on Genesis 1.9–10, arguing that its existence was either natural, preternatural, or a supernatural act of God. Analyzing patristic, medieval and sixteenth-century exegeses of these biblical verses, this article explores how these Christian and Jewish exegetes categorized water’s failure to flood the earth. It argues that the possibilities for characterizing water’s behavior expanded greatly in the sixteenth century. Whereas patristic and medieval authors tended to claim that the natural order God had established during the process of creation could account for water’s failure to submerge the earth, sixteenth-century exegetes offered a wide variety of categorizations, arguing that water’s behavior was natural, preternatural, supernatural, a wonder, or even a miracle. Drawing on contemporary scholarship on sixteenth-century cosmographical models, this paper argues that fifteenth- and sixteenth-century sea voyages and encounters with people living in the Southern Hemisphere might have led these sixteenth-century exegetes to reexamine the categories as they did.
Universal History and the Origin Narrative of European Modernity: The Leiden Lectures of Jacob Perizonius (1651–1715) on Historia Universalis
Authors: Clark Frederic
Published: June 2019

This article explores a central facet of humanist scholarship and pedagogy—namely, the writing and teaching of universal history—in the decades around 1700. In does so by examining one of the most prominent humanists of the European Republic of Letters: the Leiden classical scholar Jacob Perizonius (1651–1715). Through analysis of Perizonius’s unpublished lectures on universal history, it explores how ‘classicists’ (long before they commonly identified as such) could command geographies and temporalities far distant from Greco-Roman antiquity. Late humanist classical scholars like Perizonius used the ancient genre of universal history or historia universalis to combine everything from the fall of Rome to the emergence of Renaissance Europe into a single continuous narrative. In so doing, Perizonius helped forge a via media between antiquity and modernity at a moment when self-identified “ancients” and “moderns” frequently engaged in conflict. Perizonius’s synthesis proved immensely influential to Enlightenment historiography and beyond. As argued here, universal history enabled Perizonius to craft an origin narrative of how nostra Europa or ‘our Europe’ purportedly became modern.
The Making of a Man of Letters: The Backstage and Afterlife of Paul Rapin Thoyras’ Histoire d’Angleterre
Authors: Franchina Miriam
Published: June 2019

The significance of Paul Rapin Thoyras’s Histoire d’Angleterre (1724–1727) has been widely recognized, and yet little is known about the circumstances which brought it about. This article looks behind the scenes of its production, revealing the Histoire to be the culmination of Rapin’s self-presentation as an homme de lettres. It presents Rapin’s interaction and ensuing dispute with his intended publisher (Thomas Johnson), his contributions to Jean Le Clerc’s journals and his management of anonymity and publicity as strategies to gain acceptance and advancement within the Republic of Letters. The case study sheds light on the discourses of self-description of the scholarly community, highlighting the controversial relationship it entertained with the world of print.
Sargon Boulus and Tu Fu’s Ghost(s)
Authors: Antoon Sinan
Published: June 2019

Sargon Boulus (1944–2007) is widely acclaimed as one of the pioneers of modern Arabic poetry. The trajectories of his life and work make him an appealing subject through which one may explore the dialogues his work initiated, and the horizons that it opened, between Arabic literature and world poetry. His work and the way it has been largely ignored or (mis)read can even highlight some of the problematics and limitations of the category of “world” literature and its institutional networks and asymmetries. The recent publication of his anthology of selected translations from world literature and collected interviews is an opportunity to study his work as a translator more seriously. This essay takes stock of his contributions and traces his curious affinity with the Chinese poet Tu Fu (712–770). It concludes by reading two of his late poems and links them to his own ethics and politics of translation and writing.
Oceans of Opportunity and Challenge
Authors: Warner Robin
Published: June 2019

Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction cover approximately forty percent of the planet’s surface. They host abundant marine biodiversity, which is under increasing pressure from activities such as fisheries and shipping as well as multiple sources of marine pollution and climate change impacts. The process initiated by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 69/292 to develop the elements of an international legally binding treaty (ILBI) for conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) has the potential to contribute to a more integrated and cross sectoral system of oceans governance at a global and regional scale. This article reviews the outcome of the Preparatory Committee meetings on the ILBI including areas of convergence and divergence among the negotiating parties. As the process enters the inter-governmental conference phase, it also examines how the anticipated ILBI might enhance existing ocean governance frameworks.
Can the South China Sea Tribunal’s Conclusions on Traditional Fishing Rights Lead to Cooperative Fishing Arrangements in the Region?
Authors: Mossop Joanna
Published: June 2019

Disputes over territorial sovereignty have motivated states to take confrontational positions in respect of vessels from other states fishing in areas around disputed features in the South China Sea. This article suggests that the doctrine of traditional fishing rights, as expressed in the South China Sea Arbitral Award, could provide a legal mechanism that allows states to cooperate on fisheries management without compromising their sovereign claims. However the Tribunal’s conclusions on traditional fishing left a number of key questions unresolved that would need to be subject to further negotiation. There are considerable practical obstacles, especially a lack of political will, that would probably prevent such an agreement from coming to fruition. Nevertheless, this article provides an assessment of a potential option that could be used to foster cooperative fishing arrangements in a particularly contested maritime space.
Crossing Interagency Lines
Authors: Morris Lyle J.
Published: June 2019

Coast guard and navies, despite their varying missions, doctrine, and asset composition, share the responsibility of monitoring and defending coastal States from intrusions by foreign vessels into territorial waters. This shared responsibility has taken on added significance over the last decade due to the increasing challenge posed by gray zone actions by maritime actors in East Asia. States now desire greater coast guard-naval cooperation to address such actions, especially near disputed territory where policy-makers seek to contain the challenge using law enforcement, not military means. Yet for most States, the nature of this delineation has not been adequately addressed or is still being determined. Using the region of East Asia as a case study, and drawing upon interoperability linkages with the United States Coast Guard (USCGG) and United States Navy, this paper proposes that greater coordination and interoperability between navies and coast guards should be pursued among States in the region as one prescription to address gray zone challenges. While significant investments in training, C4I (Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence) and legal authorities are necessary in the long term to achieve true interoperability, this paper proposes steps that states can take to enhance existing linkages.
Trialogue in an Interreligious Context: Reinterpreting the Dialogue Model of Martin Buber
Authors: Boehle Josef
Published: June 2019

In this article it is proposed to reflect on the structures of all dialogue by using a Trialogue model: in the encounter between the dialogue partners the presence of a third dimension, Ultimate Reality, as well as the Ultimate Self of each of the dialogue partners are postulated and reflected upon. Trialogue, with this meaning, is a new model and is reinterpreting the core concepts used in the dialogical thinking of Martin Buber: I-It; I-Thou; and the eternal Thou. The concepts used in the Trialogue model are appropriate for an interreligious context: Ultimate Self and Ultimate Reality are concepts not limited to a specific religious tradition. Trialogue, understood as a universal type of encounter between persons, goes beyond the confines of Abrahamic traditions and a Western Enlightenment understanding of selfhood.
Note about the Persian Word Ḫargāh (Trellis Tent) in a Turko-Sogdian Context
Authors: Durand-Guédy David
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the origin of the Persian word ḫargāh, which is used by medieval authors to speak of the trellis tent (yurt). It argues that the word xrγ’xh found in the Sogdian text P.3 written in pre-Samanid Central Asia refer to the same object. It also builds a case for a local origin of the word, and a probable link with kërëkü, the Turkic word referring to the same type of tent.
Yazd: a “Good and Noble City” and an “Abode of Worship”
Authors: Choksy Jamsheed K.
Published: June 2019

This article explores what is known and not known about Yazd and its nearby settlements from antiquity through the ninth/fifteenth century. The article begins with deliberation on the location of the city in pre-Islamic and Islamic times. The investigation expands to include examination of the urban center, its polity and faith-based communities, the arrival and flourish of Islam, plus the survival of Zoroastrianism and Judaism there. Reconstruction and new construction, administrative and economic activities, and roads and waterways within the wider Dašt-i Yazd (‘Yazd plain/valley’) are discussed in relation to the city.
Weapons, Ideology and Identity at Kerma (Upper Nubia, 2500–1500 bc)
Authors: Manzo Andrea
Published: June 2019

This paper would like to represent a first step in the direction of a more systematic and articulated study of the weapons and their meaning at Kerma and in the ancient Upper Nubian kingdom of Kush in the late 3rd–mid-2nd millennium bc. The main types of weapons recorded at Kerma and in other Kerma sites are described, their diachronic and synchronic distribution is outlined. The problem of their origin is discussed, as well as the social meaning that weapons may have had in Upper Nubia. The importance of military ideology and of weapons in the Kerma society is suggested, as well as their role in the identity building of the kingdom of Kush. Finally, the contribution that the study of weapons can provide for getting a more complete knowledge of the relations between Kush and Egypt is dealt with too.
A Shared Space and Shared Functions: From a Latin Catholic Church to an Islamic Vakıf in Ottoman Galata
Authors: de Obaldía Vanessa R.
Published: June 2019

In May 1696, a devastating conflagration spread through Galata causing great damage to Latin Catholic ecclesiastical properties, and most significantly the destruction of the Conventual Franciscan church complex of St. Francis. The land was subsequently seized by the Ottoman state and the remaining structure was converted into the imperial mosque of Galata Yeni Cāmiʿ by the reigning sultan’s mother. This study examines the history and shared functions of these two places of worship through the mosque’s endowment deed (vaḳfiye) and additional Ottoman and European contemporary sources. Moreover, local and regional historical contextualisation provides an insight into how both European-Ottoman political relations and internal socioreligious tendencies influenced Ottoman policy towards Galata’s most prominent Latin Catholic church during the late seventeenth century.
ALDinHE 2019
Authors: Parsons Bryony
Published: June 2019

The perfect ice-breaker into the world of learning development
Incidence of Developing Contralateral Ménière’s Disease in Patients Undergoing Transmastoid Labyrinthectomy for Unilateral Ménière’s Disease
Authors: Pang Bo , Costeloe Anya , Jackson Neal M. , Babu Seilesh
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

To analyze the incidence of developing contralateral Ménière’s disease (MD) in patients who undergo labyrinthectomy for vestibular dysfunction in unilateral MD.

Study Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Participants and Methods:

Adult patients with a diagnosis of MD who underwent surgical labyrinthectomy with minimum follow-up of 12 months were included. Patients who experienced chemical labyrinthectomy, surgical labyrinthectomy for a diagnosis other than MD, contralateral ear surgery, or bilateral MD before the labyrinthectomy were excluded. The key outcome measure is whether symptoms of MD developed in the contralateral ear post-labyrinthectomy. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2 (Fisher exact) test for discrete variables and the Student t test for continuous variables. A P value < .05 was considered significant.

Results:

Of the140 patients who underwent labyrinthectomy for intractable vertigo due to unilateral MD, 84 had at least 1 year follow-up appointments. Twelve percent (10/84) of these patients developed contralateral MD, which was diagnosed by a neuro-otologist based on symptoms consistent with MD, including low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Average age in years is 63.12 (10.83; mean [SD]) at time of surgery. Average follow-up was 35.57 (15.89) months (range: 12-69 months).

Conclusion:

The incidence of contralateral MD development in patients who underwent labyrinthectomy for unilateral MD is 12%. The current literature states that MD has a 30% bilateral involvement rate. Our incidence is significantly lower when compared to the current literature.
Application of Mixed Multicriteria Decision-making Methods to Determine the Optimal Development Industries for the Taoyuan Aerotropolis, Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chih-Yuan , Chiu Yin-Hao , Wang Jung-Wei
Published: June 2019

The study explored both the development policy of regional industry and the aerotropolis as an empirical object. In planning an aerotropolis, governments should account for both regional and industrial characteristics to establish appropriate policies for promoting industrial development that maximizes the benefits of invested resources. In this study, a composite multicriteria decision-making method was used to filter the optimal aerotropolis industry evaluation index through the fuzzy Delphi method. Subsequently, the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory–based analytic network process was used to obtain the influence relations and weights between the indexes to establish an optimal industry plan. Satisfaction evaluation was then used to calculate the performance values of the programs and discover the optimal industries for the city to provide the government with a policy reference. This study found that the technical environment, product and industry networks, and basic environment were the most important aspects of the Taoyuan Aerotropolis. Aviation linkage and logistics services had the highest performance among industries, identifying them as the most suitable supplementary developments to the aviation industry.
A routine blood test-associated predictive model and application for tuberculosis diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study from northwest China
Authors: Li Kui , Liu Sheng-Xi , Yang Cai-Yong , Jiang Zi-Cheng , Liu Jun , Fan Chuan-Qi , Li Tao , Dong Xue-Min , Wang Jing , Ran Ren-Yu
Published: June 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to use the results of routine blood tests and relevant parameters to construct models for the prediction of active tuberculosis (ATB) and drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) and to assess the diagnostic values of these models.

Methods

We performed logistic regression analysis to generate models of plateletcrit-albumin scoring (PAS) and platelet distribution width-treatment-sputum scoring (PTS). Area under the curve (AUC) analysis was used to analyze the diagnostic values of these curves. Finally, we performed model validation and application assessment.

Results

In the training cohort, for the PAS model, the AUC for diagnosing ATB was 0.902, sensitivity was 82.75%, specificity was 82.20%, accuracy rate was 81.00%, and optimal threshold value was 0.199. For the PTS model, the AUC for diagnosing DRTB was 0.700, sensitivity was 63.64%, specificity was 73.53%, accuracy rate was 89.00%, and optimal threshold value was −2.202. These two models showed significant differences in the AUC analysis, compared with single-factor models. Results in the validation cohort were similar.

Conclusions

The PAS model had high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of ATB, and the PTS model had strong predictive potential for the diagnosis of DRTB.
Biogeomorphic effects of woody vegetation on bedrock streams
Authors: Jerin Tasnuba
Published: June 2019

The dynamic interactions between fluvial processes and vegetation vary in different environments and are uncertain in bedrock settings. Bedrock streams are much less studied than alluvial in all aspects, and in many respects act in qualitatively different ways. This research seeks to fill this lacuna by studying bedrock streams from a biogeomorphic perspective. It aims to identify the impacts of woody vegetation that may be common to fluvial systems and rocky hillslopes in general, or that may be unique to bedrock channels. A review of the existing literature on biogeomorphology – mostly fluvial and rocky hillslope environments – was carried out, and field examples of biogeomorphic impacts (BGIs) associated with fluvial systems of various bedrock environments were then examined to complement the review. Results indicate that bedrock streams exhibit both shared and highly concentrated BGIs in relation to alluvial streams and rocky hillslopes. Bedrock streams display a bioprotective geomorphic form – root banks (when the root itself forms the stream bank) – which is distinctive, but not exclusive to this setting. On the other hand, shared biogeomorphic impacts with alluvial streams include sediment and wood trapping, and bar and island development and stabilization (i.e. bioconstruction/modification and protection). Shared impacts with rocky hillslopes also include bioprotection, as well as displacement of bedrock due to root and trunk growth, and bedrock mining caused by tree uprooting (i.e. bioweathering and erosion). Two BGI triangles were developed to graphically display these relationships. Finally, this paper concludes that bedrock streams exhibit some BGIs that also occur in either alluvial channels or on rocky hillslopes. Therefore, no BGIs were identified that are absolutely unique to bedrock fluvial environments.
Temperature Control Planning Tool for Multi-Lift Resurfacing of Airport Pavements
Authors: Chu Longjia , Zhu Baihe , Fwa T. F.
Published: June 2019

Overnight repairs and resurfacing of runway or taxiway pavements are common in busy airports. The time window available for such repair and resurfacing works is often limited. A common problem encountered is to ensure that the newly compacted asphalt mixture has cooled down sufficiently before receiving aircraft loadings, so as to avoid premature deformation and failure of the asphalt mixture. In this regard, a simulation model that provides a prediction of the temperature–time variation trend of each compacted pavement lift in a multi-lift asphalt course laying would be a valuable planning tool for temperature control. Information on the temperature cooling trend of an asphalt layer helps to estimate the time duration available for effective compaction during laying, as well as the time lapse needed before the pavement is sufficiently stable to receive traffic. A finite element simulation model is presented in this study to predict the temperature–time variation trends of successive asphalt lifts in a multi-lift asphalt mixture laying operation. The numerical model was developed based on the theory of thermodynamics taking into account the heat transfer effects of solar radiation, convection, and conduction. The model was calibrated and validated using data from a field trial involving a two-lift and a three-lift laying of asphalt mixtures. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the applications of the simulation model as a temperature control planning tool for repair and resurfacing operations of airport pavements.
Impact of Time-Varying Passenger Loading on Conventional and Electrified Transit Bus Energy Consumption
Authors: Liu Luying , Kotz Andrew , Salapaka Aditya , Miller Eric , Northrop William F.
Published: June 2019

Transit bus passenger loading changes significantly over the course of a workday. Therefore, time-varying vehicle mass as a result of passenger load becomes an important factor in instantaneous energy consumption. Battery-powered electric transit buses have restricted range and longer “fueling” time compared with conventional diesel-powered buses; thus, it is critical to know how much energy they require. Our previous work has shown that instantaneous transit bus mass can be obtained by measuring the pressure in the vehicle’s airbag suspension system. This paper leverages this novel technique to determine the impact of time-varying mass on energy consumption. Sixty-five days of velocity and mass data were collected from in-use transit buses operating on routes in the Twin Cities, MN metropolitan area. The simulation tool Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator was modified to allow both velocity and mass as time-dependent inputs. This tool was then used to model an electrified and conventional bus on the same routes and determine the energy use of each bus. Results showed that the kinetic intensity varied from 0.27 to 4.69 mi−1 and passenger loading ranged from 2 to 21 passengers. Simulation results showed that energy consumption for both buses increased with increasing vehicle mass. The simulation also indicated that passenger loading has a greater impact on energy consumption for conventional buses than for electric buses owing to the electric bus’s ability to recapture energy. This work shows that measuring and analyzing real-time passenger loading is advantageous for determining the energy used by electric and conventional diesel buses.
Prognostic Factors for Return to Sport After High Tibial Osteotomy: A Directed Acyclic Graph Approach
Authors: Hoorntje Alexander , Kuijer P. Paul F.M. , van Ginneken Berbke T. , Koenraadt Koen L.M. , van Geenen Rutger C.I. , Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J. , van Heerwaarden Ronald J.
Published: June 2019

Background:

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is increasingly used in young and physically active patients with knee osteoarthritis. These patients have high expectations, including return to sport (RTS). By retaining native knee structures, a return to highly knee-demanding activities seems possible. However, evidence on patient-related outcomes, including RTS, is sparse. Also, time to RTS has never been described. Furthermore, prognostic factors for RTS after HTO have never been investigated. These data may further justify HTO as a surgical alternative to knee arthroplasty.

Purpose:

To investigate the extent and timing of RTS after HTO in the largest cohort investigated for RTS to date and to identify prognostic factors for successful RTS.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with HTO, operated on between 2012 and 2015, received a questionnaire. First, pre- and postoperative sports participation questions were asked. Also, time to RTS, sports level and frequency, impact level, the presymptomatic and postoperative Tegner activity score (1-10; higher is more active), and the postoperative Lysholm score (0-100; higher is better) were collected. Finally, prognostic factors for RTS were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Covariates were selected based on univariate analysis and a directed acyclic graph.

Results:

We included 340 eligible patients of whom 294 sufficiently completed the questionnaire. The mean follow-up was 3.7 years (± 1.0 years). Out of 256 patients participating in sports preoperatively, 210 patients (82%) returned to sport postoperatively, of whom 158 (75%) returned within 6 months. We observed a shift to participation in lower-impact activities, although 44% of reported sports activities at final follow-up were intermediate- or high-impact sports. The median Tegner score decreased from 5.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 4.0-6.0) presymptomatically to 4.0 (IQR, 3.0-4.0) at follow-up ( P < .001). The mean Lysholm score at follow-up was 68 (SD, ± 22). No significant differences were found between patients with varus or valgus osteoarthritis. The strongest prognostic factor for RTS was continued sports participation in the year before surgery (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.37-5.76).

Conclusion:

More than 8 of 10 patients returned to sport after HTO. Continued preoperative sports participation was associated with a successful RTS. Future studies need to identify additional prognostic factors.
Introduction to Implementation Science for Research on Learning Disabilities
Authors: Smolkowski Keith , Crawford Lindy , Seeley John R. , Rochelle Jonathan
Published: June 2019

In this overview of implementation science and implementation fidelity in the field of learning disabilities, authors provide a brief summary of current research related to implementation science followed by an introduction of the articles in this special series. Authors emphasize the relationship between the effectiveness of interventions and the difficulty of their implementation, highlighting the importance of considering both when adopting new interventions in the field of learning disabilities. The authors then turn their attention to the need for implementation science and implementation fidelity to be considered at all stages of research from program or intervention development to efficacy and effectiveness trials through large-scale implementation in real-world settings. An overview of active implementation frameworks as proposed by the National Implementation Research Network as well as a discussion on the importance of research–practice partnerships when implementing programs and interventions in the field of learning disabilities are also included.
Lack of Knowledge Contrasts the Willingness to Counteract Sarcopenia Among Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Van Ancum Jeanine M. , Meskers Carel G. M. , Reijnierse Esmee M. , Yeung Suey S. Y. , Jonkman Nini H. , Trappenburg Marijke C. , Pijnappels Mirjam , Maier Andrea B.
Published: June 2019

Objective: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in older adults. Knowledge among community-dwelling adults is important for effective prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. This study aims to assess current knowledge about sarcopenia, investigate willingness for treatment and prevention, and awareness of muscle health. Method: Participants who attended health educational events completed a questionnaire on knowledge about sarcopenia. Self-perceived muscle health was assessed by visual analog scale. Objective muscle measures included muscle mass, handgrip strength, and gait speed. Results: Included participants were 197 (median aged 67.9 years [interquartile range = 57.0-75.1]). Eighteen participants (9%) reported to know what sarcopenia is. Participants’ self-perceived muscle health showed a low correlation with all objective muscle measures. 76% were willing, in case of sarcopenia diagnosis, to start treatment and 71% were willing to prevent sarcopenia. Discussion: Knowledge about sarcopenia is limited while participants were willing to start treatment and prevention. Strategies to increase knowledge among community-dwelling adults are needed.
‘Our Soldiers’ Widows’: Charity, British War Widows, and the South African War (1899–1902)
Authors: Riedi Eliza
Published: June 2019

The South African War created nearly 5,000 British working-class war widows: three-quarters of a million pounds was raised by public subscription to support them. This article investigates the three national war widows’ charities: the Royal Patriotic Fund, the Daily Telegraph / Scotsman Shilling Fund, and the Imperial War Fund. Highlighting the plight of war widows and orphans, it argues that evaluation of the war’s impact on British society must include its effects on working-class soldiers’ families. Analysing the identity and motivations of donors, it suggests funds for soldiers’ dependants succeeded by fusing imperial sentiment to class solidarity and local identity.
A Study on the Dynamic Behaviour of Headline Versus Core Inflation: Evidence from India
Authors: Sahu Priyanka
Published: June 2019

This article attempts to understand the dynamic response of core inflation and headline inflation to macroeconomic variables in the context of India. First, core inflation is calculated using the conventional exclusion measure (excluding food and energy components) and the statistical measure (asymmetrical trimmed mean, weighted median and exponential smoothing approach) by taking the monthly Consumer Price Index y-o-y inflation data from January 2012 to June 2018. Next, the study performed the comparative analysis to understand the dynamic response of both core inflation and headline inflation to different demand and supply shocks through Structural Vector Autoregressive Technique, Impulse Response Function and the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition. The findings suggest that trimming 20 per cent of the highly volatile components from the overall inflation can serve as a better proxy for the underlying medium and long-term trend in the headline inflation. Furthermore, the comparison made between headline inflation and core inflation shows that the key drivers for core inflation is the demand-side components such as real money growth, whereas headline inflation is mostly driven by the supply-side components in the context of India. The variations in core inflation are mainly observed because of the change in monetary policy decisions, hence making core inflation an important part the policy decision making. Core inflation indicates the underlying demand pressure, which can help policymakers to set adequate key policy rates to target overall inflation.
On the Causal Dynamics Between Economic Growth, Trade Openness and Gross Capital Formation: Evidence from BRICS Countries
Authors: Rani Ritu , Kumar Naresh
Published: June 2019

The present study investigates the long-run association and direction of causality among economic growth, trade openness and gross capital formation in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) nations. This article applied autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and vector error correction model to examine the long-run association and casual relationship among the competing variable. The ARDL bound test results indicate long-run relationship among economic growth, trade openness and gross capital formation. Granger causality results reveal unidirectional causality from trade openness to economic growth in India and that Brazil supports trade-led growth hypothesis while bidirectional causality is found between trade openness and economic growth in China supporting feedback hypothesis. In addition, the empirical evidence of unidirectional causality moving from economic growth to trade openness is found in South Africa validating growth-led trade hypothesis. As trade openness is a significant determinant of economic growth in BRICS, the member countries should adopt policies towards trade liberalization to sustain economic growth. Moreover, these emerging markets offer a pool of investment opportunities for the global managers.
Dalbavancin Use in the Emergency Department Setting
Authors: Patel Mitulkumar , Smalley Samantha , Dubrovskaya Yanina , Siegfried Justin , Caspers Christopher , Pham Vinh , Press Robert A. , Papadopoulos John
Published: June 2019

Background: Although dalbavancin’s (DBV’s) long half-life and one-time dosing strategy confer ideal administration in the ambulatory setting, the optimal role of DBV in the management of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) remains to be elucidated. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to compare treatment outcomes of ABSSSI between patients who received DBV in the emergency department (ED) as part of standard care versus patients who received DBV as part of a telehealth program. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients who received DBV at 3 urban EDs. The primary end point was the incidence of ABSSSI recurrence. Secondary outcomes included need for hospital admission and ED length of stay (LOS; in hours). Results: A total of 65 ABSSSI treatment courses were included; 42 were included in the telehealth criteria (TC) cohort and 23 in the initial criteria (IC) cohort. There were 14% (6/42) infection recurrences in the TC cohort and 22% (5/23) in the IC cohort, with median time to recurrence being 4 and 14 days, respectively. Median ED LOS was significantly shorter in the TC (5 vs 25 hours, P < 0.05). Numerically fewer individuals in the TC cohort required inpatient admission (0 vs n = 2, 9%). Conclusion and Relevance: Our results suggest that patients may be safely administered DBV in an ED setting, with telehealth follow-up. Providing structured patient selection criteria is an effective method of assisting ED providers in selecting appropriate DBV candidates to limit potential recurrences and readmissions.
Postdemocracy and biopolitics
Authors: Esposito Roberto
Published: June 2019

The problem facing society today, which is only superficially defined in terms of ‘postdemocracy’ or exorcised as populism, is not the limits or defects of democracy, but, on the contrary, its completion in the figure of its opposite. One must be aware that the horizon has profoundly and irreversibly changed. At this point, what is at stake is no longer a simple reform of society’s institutions; rather, we are faced with a socio-cultural transformation that runs much deeper than our entire political lexicon. Far from opposing the new significance assumed by biological life under the illusion of restoring our ancient vocabulary, we must place ourselves at the centre of political action – sufficiently responding to the pressing demands that come, to the dilemmas that unfold, to the needs that provoke ever greater masses of men and women – within the borders of the West or with those pressing to gain entry.
Decision-making method for vehicle longitudinal automatic driving based on reinforcement Q-learning
Authors: Gao Zhenhai , Sun Tianjun , Xiao Hongwei
Published: June 2019

In the development of autonomous driving, decision-making has become one of the technical difficulties. Traditional rule-based decision-making methods lack adaptive capacity when dealing with unfamiliar and complex traffic conditions. However, reinforcement learning shows the potential to solve sequential decision problems. In this article, an independent decision-making method based on reinforcement Q-learning is proposed. First, a Markov decision process model is established by analysis of car-following. Then, the state set and action set are designed by the synthesized consideration of driving simulator experimental results and driving risk principles. Furthermore, the reinforcement Q-learning algorithm is developed mainly based on the reward function and update function. Finally, the feasibility is verified through random simulation tests, and the improvement is made by comparative analysis with a traditional method.
Perceptual Transparency From Cast Shadow
Authors: Kawabe Takahiro
Published: June 2019

This study examined how a shadow contributes to the perception of a transparent surface. As stimuli, we used computer graphics images in which a transparent surface with a color-mosaic pattern casts a shadow onto a background surface. We manipulated two parameters: (a) the spatial heterogeneity of the transmittance of the transparent surface and (b) the size of the light source shining on the transparent surface and its background. The latter parameter determined the blurriness of shadows. Observers judged whether the stimulus image contained a transparent surface or not. We found that the proportion of reports identifying a transparent surface was dependent on both parameters we tested. Specifically, a high spatial heterogeneity of transmittance decreased the proportion of reports of a transparent surface; this was possibly because globally defined X-junctions, which were one of the cues to perceptual transparency, perceptually broke down. On the other hand, blurred shadows were effective even when the global X-junctions were not effective. Locally defined X-junctions only moderately contributed to perceptual transparency. The results indicate that in addition to global and local X-junctions, blurred shadows are image features that elicit the perception of transparency from a cast shadow. A large individual difference as to which information each participant used as a cue to perceptual transparency was also discussed.
Readers and Authors of Educational Research: A Study of Research Output on K-12 Education Policy
Authors: Phillips Margaret
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to characterize a representative body of research to demonstrate the advantage of disseminating educational research in ways that reach the broadest audience. Using the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) database, I compiled a set of research findings on a number of broad educational themes. Focusing on journal articles and reports, I examined the public availability of the publications, publication quality as determined by peer review, and authorship. In all, 65% of the journal articles were behind a paywall, and 35% were available either as PDFs or freely available on the publisher website; 61% of the peer-reviewed literature was locked behind a paywall. This study also examined a subset of reports—research studies not published in journals but issued by organizations, think tanks, or policy institutes; 27% of the reports were authored by institutions identified with a neoliberal or free-market ideology.
Is There a Biofeedback Response to Art Therapy? A Technology-Assisted Approach for Reducing Anxiety and Stress in College Students
Authors: Beerse Megan E. , Van Lith Theresa , Stanwood Gregg D.
Published: June 2019

College students are exposed to daily stressors throughout their academic careers, which can have lasting consequences to their health and well-being. Mindfulness practices, art therapy, and the simple act of manipulating clay have independently demonstrated positive effects on stress and anxiety, but there is little research on the feasibility of incorporating these into an online resource for students to proactively address their mental health. In this pilot study, full-time university students ( N = 15) were randomly assigned to a mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) program that used clay for all art directives or an unstructured, undirected neutral clay-manipulating task (NCT) for 10 weeks. Anxiety symptoms, salivary cortisol concentrations, and perceived levels of stress were assessed. Within-group analysis demonstrated significant decreases in anxiety symptoms and cortisol concentrations for MBAT participants, with no significant decrease in perceived stress. NCT participants experienced a significant decrease in cortisol concentrations on Week 1 but not on Week 10, with no other statistical significance in outcomes detected. Between-group analysis generated no significant interactions between variables. Based on these results, the structure of a therapist-directed online MBAT program using clay has the capacity to elicit anxiety-reducing benefits and may produce a trained biofeedback response for combating stress, offering a feasible strategy for addressing the mental health crisis on college campuses.
Predicting Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Work-Related Self
Authors: Knez Igor , Hjärpe Daniel , Bryngelsson Mari
Published: June 2019

The aim was to investigate the links between work-related identification, conceptualized, and operationalized as the work-related self (WS), and the “good soldier syndrome” (organizational citizenship behavior [OCB]). More precisely, we investigated the relationships between emotional and cognitive components of WS and OCB dimensions of altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy, civic virtue, and sportsmanship. A total of 147 subjects working within the Swedish public sector participated in this study. As hypothesized, WS significantly predicted OCB. A positive association was found between the emotional component of WS and OCB dimensions of altruism, conscientiousness, and civic virtue. This suggests that the “good soldier syndrome” might be, to some extent, accounted for by the psychological mechanisms of work bonding, especially, highlighting the importance of the emotional component of work-related identification.
Predictive factors associated with mortality in Korean elderly patients with hip fractures
Authors: Ko Youngji , Baek Seung-Hoon , Ha Yong-Chan
Published: June 2019

Background:

It is important to investigate the level of physical function impairment before fracture to predict mortality after hip fracture. This study aimed to examine the predictive factors associated with mortality depending on prefracture physical function impairment among Korean elderly patients.

Methods:

We included 1841 patients aged 65 years and older with hip fractures using osteoporosis-related hip fracture network data from 15 university hospitals in South Korea. The collected data included sociodemographic, nutritional, disease-related, and fracture- and surgery-related factors. For the degree of prefracture physical function impairment, ambulatory ability was classified into community, household, and nonfunctional ambulators. Binominal logistic regression was used to identify the predictive factors for mortality.

Results:

Analysis showed that mortality rate at the first follow-up after hip fracture was 4.9%, and most patients (77.7%) were community ambulators before fracture. Sociodemographic (older age, male sex), nutritional (low body mass index, low albumin level before surgery), and fracture- and surgery-related (nonsurgical management, complications after surgery) factors significantly predicted mortality, depending on the prefracture ambulatory status.

Conclusions:

This study emphasizes that nutritional assessment and management as interdisciplinary interventions from hospitalization to follow-ups should be performed to lower malnutrition and mortality risk. Therapeutic management for comorbidities negatively affecting surgery outcomes should be prioritized to reduce postoperative complications and mortality. Surgical treatment should be encouraged if it aligns with the therapeutic goals, even in poor health status.
Racial Ideology and White Youth: From Middle Childhood to Adolescence
Authors: Hagerman Margaret A.
Published: June 2019

The author explores how white youth interpret and produce racial ideologies in the United States from middle childhood (ages 10–13) to adolescence (ages 14–17). In Wave 1, interviews and ethnographic observations were conducted with 36 child participants living in three distinct “racial contexts of childhood” or racialized social environments. Four years later, in Wave 2, interviews were conducted with a subset of the initial youth participants. Findings show that as these young people became older, they became more confident and committed to their ideological positions on race. Furthermore, their views became more polarized from one another. This research extends existing theories claiming that white childhood is a key period of the life course during which racial ideological positions are established and solidified. This study also helps bridge the gap between research focused on how very young children begin to think about race and research focused on how young adults defend and maintain their ideological positions on race. Overall, this work suggests theoretically that white racial socialization processes in childhood play a powerful role in shaping whites’ racial ideological positions throughout the rest of their lives.