bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the linguistic complexity of third-grade numerical literacy
Authors: Shalit Ella , Dotan Dror
Published: July 2024

Reading numbers aloud, a central aspect of numerical literacy, is a challenging skill to acquire, but the origins of this difficulty remain poorly understood. To investigate this matter, we examined the performance of 127 third- and fourth-grade children who read aloud, in Hebrew, numbers with 2–5 digits. We found several key observations. First, we observed a substantial variation among the 3rd graders—7% and 59% errors in the top and bottom deciles, respectively. Second, the task difficulty stemmed from syntactic processing: Most errors were distortions of the number’s syntax, as opposed to digit substitutions or transpositions, and the main factor affecting a specific number’s difficulty was not its magnitude, as is commonly assumed, but rather its syntactic structure. Third, number reading performance was not predicted by a school-like task that assessed syntactic-conceptual knowledge of the decimal system structure, but rather by knowledge of specific syntactic-verbal rules, suggesting that the syntactic-verbal knowledge is separate from the syntactic-conceptual knowledge. Last, there was a double dissociation between 4-digit numbers and 5-digit numbers, which in Hebrew have completely different syntactic structures: Half of the children showed a significant advantage in one number length compared to the other, with equal numbers of children preferring either length. This indicates that the different syntactic-verbal rules are learned relatively independently of each other, with little or no generalization from one rule to another. In light of these findings, we propose that schools should specifically teach number reading, with focus on specific syntactic-verbal rules.
Evaluation of junctional zone differential and ratio as possible markers of clinical efficacy in uterine artery embolisation of adenomyosis
Authors: Turtóczki Kolos , Cho Hyunsoo , Dastaran Sorour , Kaposi Pál N. , Tömösváry Zoltán , Várbíró Szabolcs , Ács Nándor , Kalina Ildikó , Bérczi Viktor
Published: July 2024

Background

Uterine artery embolisation is a recommended method of adenomyosis treatment with good clinical results. Changes in uterine volume and maximal junctional zone thickness (JZmax) after embolisation are thoroughly analyzed in the literature. In contrast changes in other suggested morphological diagnostic markers of adenomyosis (junctional zone differential / JZdiff—and junctional zone ratio / JZratio) are rarely evaluated. This single-centre retrospective study aimed to analyse the changes in morphological parameters used for the MR imaging diagnosis of adenomyosis (including JZdiff and JZratio) after UAE. Clinical effectiveness and safety were also analysed.

Materials and methods

Patients who underwent UAE for pure adenomyosis from Jan 2008 to Dec 2021 were evaluated. Adenomyosis was diagnosed based on JZmax, JZdiff, and JZratio measured on MR imaging. To assess clinical efficacy, the numerical-analog-quality-of-life (QoL) score was routinely obtained from patients at our centre. MRI morphological data were analysed. Statistical analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, uni- and multivariate regression models, Pearson product-moment correlation, and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results

From our database of 801 patients who underwent UAE between Jan 2008 to Dec 2021, preprocedural MR images were available in 577 cases and, 15 patients had pure adenomyosis (15/577, 2.6%). Uterine volume, JZmax, and JZdiff decreased significantly after UAE; QoL score increased significantly. A significant correlation was found between QoL change vs. JZmax and JZdiff change. Permanent amenorrhoea and elective hysterectomy 5 years after UAE were both 7.1%.

Conclusion

Change of JZdiff after UAE in adenomyosis is a potential marker of clinical success. UAE is a clinically safe and effective treatment for adenomyosis.

Graphical Abstract
Endovascular treatment of primary M3 occlusion stroke in clinical practice: analysis of the German Stroke Registry
Authors: Beckonert Niklas M. , Weller Johannes M. , Alegiani Anna C. , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Deb-Chatterji Milani , Hamann Gerhard F. , Krause Lars U. , Lehnen Nils C. , Nitsch Louisa , Poli Sven , Riedel Christian , Tiedt Steffen , Zweynert Sarah , Petzold Gabor C. , Dorn Franziska , Bode Felix J. ,   on behalf of the GSR-ET investigators, Berrouschot J , Bohner G , Borggrefe J , Bormann A , Braun M , Eckert B , Ernemann U , Ernst MS , Fiehler J , Gerloff C , Gröschel K , Hattingen J , Henn KH , Keil F , Kellert L , Kraemer C , Liman J , Ludolph A , Muehl-Benninghaus R , Nikoubashman O , Nolte C , Petersen M , Reich A , Röther J , Schäfer JH , Schell M , Schellinger P , Siebert E , Stögbauer F , Thomalla G , Trumm C , Uphaus T , Wunderlich S
Published: July 2024

Background

Endovascular treatment (ET) options for acute stroke due to distal middle cerebral artery occlusions are rapidly evolving, but data on outcome and safety are sparse. We therefore performed an analysis of patients undergoing ET for primary M3 occlusions in routine clinical practice in a nationwide registry.

Methods

Patients enrolled between 01/20 and 12/21 in the prospective, multicenter German Stroke Registry-Endovascular Treatment (GSR-ET) were screened for mechanical thrombectomy performed for primary M3 occlusion. We analyzed neurological deficit as measured by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), thrombectomy technique, successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI] score of 2b-3) and functional outcome as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge and 90 days.

Results

Out of 5574 patients, 11 patients (0.2%, median age 80 years, 54.5% female) underwent ET for primary M3 occlusion. All patients had pre-admission mRS ≤ 1, median NIHSS on admission was 8, and successful reperfusion was achieved in 6/11 patients (54.5%). While no vasospasm, dissection or perforation was reported, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients (18.2%). Favorable outcome (mRS ≤ 2) was achieved in 6/11 patients (54.5%) at 90-day follow-up.

Conclusions

ET for primary M3 occlusions is rarely performed. While technically feasible, the procedure’s potential benefits must be carefully weighed against its associated risks, including clinically relevant complications. Caution and further research is needed to optimize patient selection for this intervention.

Trial Registration

GSR-ET; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03356392; Trial Registration Date: 11/29/2017.
Effect of a nursing educational program on competency and parenting practices among parents having children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elaleem Alaa El Din Moustafa Hamed Abd , Osman Zeinab Abd El Halim , El-Fatah Wafaa Osman Abd
Published: July 2024

Background

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common condition most prevalent among children worldwide. When it comes to parenting, parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder exhibit lower competency and more negative parenting behaviors than parents of children without the disease. This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effect of a nursing educational program on competency and practices among parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Methods

A total of 50 parents, most of whom were mothers with children aged between 5 and 10 years and previously diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, were chosen at random and split into equal study and control groups. The study group received eight sessions of the nursing educational program, with each session lasting 60 to 90 min, while the control group only received routine interventions.

Results

The results of the current study show statistically significant differences between the study group and control group in terms of positive parenting practices, negative parenting practices, over-reactive practices, functional family practices, interactive practices, satisfactory parenting sense of competency, and effectiveness of parenting sense of competency.

Conclusion

The nursing educational program presents benefits in improving parenting practices and enhancing parenting sense of competency among parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Covert hepatic encephalopathy: a neglected topic—a narrative review
Authors: Elbadry Mohamed , Baki Amin Abdel , bakr Asmaa , Elhamrawy Eman A. , Abdel-Tawab Hayam , Aish Abdelghany , Nooh Israa , Adel Abdulmoneim , Soliman Moataz Y. , Mohammed Nessren , Zaky Samy
Published: July 2024

Covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) is a form of cerebral dysfunction that affects 30–40% of patients with liver cirrhosis as a grave sequel of disease progression. Although being a silent condition, yet; CHE has been reported as seriously predictive for the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Covert hepatic encephalopathy is said to conclude grades (0 and 1) hepatic encephalopathy in West Heaven grading of hepatic encephalopathy, hence; inferring to discrete deficits in attention, cognition, and motor control, strongly associated with poorer quality of private and social aspects of the patients’ life. Clinical recognition of cases of CHE is such a tedious task that unluckily devoid of discernment. Worthwhile; the battery of neuropsychometric tests widely known as the only tool to identify CHE can give abnormal results without specifying the cause of brain dysfunction Therefore, dedicated history-taking and clinical evaluation of liver cirrhosis patients are still the cornerstones that should unify other diagnostic tools to identify those patients at risk of developing overt hepatic encephalopathy. Diagnosis of CHE is challenging and often neglected in clinical practice, so the aim of this review is to improve our approach to CHE and begin a unified effort for the advancement of CHE through studying easy, fast, and reliable psychometric diagnostic tests to meet our clinical needs.
Computational investigation of the anticancer potential of
Sorghum bicolor
and
Setaria italica
phytochemicals against dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme
Authors: Verma Akriti , Gupta Anshika , Katiyar Kalpana
Published: July 2024

Breast and prostate cancer holds the position of foremost contributors to mortality. Dietary therapies for accompanied by medication are widely recognized as a potential method to successfully tackle cancer. Millet grains are the most ancient food, a perfect combination of proteins, carbohydrates, fiber, macronutrients, micronutrients, and vitamins. This study aims to examine the anticancer potential of
Sorghum bicolor
(Sorghum) and
Setaria italica
(Foxtail) phytochemicals. The 50 phytochemicals of sorghum and foxtail millets were retrieved through a literature survey and docked to the Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an enzyme essential for cell growth and proliferation. The top-scoring phytochemicals were filtered and further investigated with active-site residue interaction, drug-likeness, and pharmacokinetics analysis. The ligand stability with the DHFR was evaluated through density functional theory (DFT) based HOMO and LUMO calculations. The results show that caffeic acid, ferulic acid, hesperetic acid, stigmasterol, Cis-p-Coumaric acid, and luteolinidin attained greater stability within the active site of DHFR. These phytochemicals showed a docking score of − 6.4 kcal/mol, − 6.4 kcal/mol, − 6.1 kcal/mol, − 6.4 kcal/mol, − 5.4 kcal/mol, and − 6.7 kcal/mol with DHFR (PDB ID:1BOZ) and flutamide and capecitabine have docking score of − 7.5 and − 8.1 for 1BOZ and − 7.4 and − 7.1 with DHFR (PDB ID:1OHK) respectively. The dynamic interaction at the molecular level validated the stability of these phytochemicals against both DHFR target proteins along with excellent drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties. However, the current findings were proven and validated through in-silico experiments to validate above identified phytochemicals as DHFR inhibitors, so millets are used as therapeutics for breast and prostate cancer.
Effects of Intranasal Naloxone on Hypoglycemia-associated Autonomic Failure in Susceptible Individuals
Authors: Aleksic Sandra , Lontchi-Yimagou Eric , Mitchell William , Boyle Caroline , Matias Priyanka , Manavalan Anjali , Goyal Akankasha , Carey Michelle , Gabriely Ilan , Hawkins Meredith
Published: July 2024

Context

Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF), defined as blunting of counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to recurrent hypoglycemia, remains a therapeutic challenge in diabetes treatment. The opioid system may play a role in HAAF pathogenesis since activation of opioid receptors induces HAAF. Blockade of opioid receptors with intravenous naloxone ameliorates HAAF experimentally yet is not feasible therapeutically.

Objective

To investigate the effects of opioid receptor blockade with intranasal naloxone on experimentally induced HAAF.

Design

Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study.

Setting

Academic research center.

Participants

Healthy nondiabetic volunteers.

Interventions

Paired 2-day studies, 5 to 10 weeks apart, each consisting of 3 consecutive hypoglycemic episodes (hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps, glucose nadir: 54 mg/dL): 2 on day 1 with administration of intranasal naloxone vs placebo, followed by the third episode on day 2.

Main Outcome Measures

Differences in counterregulatory hormones responses and hypoglycemia symptoms between first and third hypoglycemic episodes in naloxone vs placebo studies.

Results

Out of 17 participants, 9 developed HAAF, confirming variable interindividual susceptibility. Among participants susceptible to HAAF, naloxone maintained some hormonal and symptomatic responses to hypoglycemia and prevented the associated requirement for increased glucose infusion. Unexpectedly, naloxone reduced plasma epinephrine and GH responses to the first hypoglycemic episode but prevented further reduction with subsequent hypoglycemia.

Conclusion

This is the first study to report that intranasal naloxone, a widely used opioid receptor antagonist, may ameliorate some features of HAAF. Further investigation is warranted into mechanisms of variable interindividual susceptibility to HAAF and the effects of intranasal naloxone in people with diabetes at risk for HAAF.
Type 1 Diabetes in a Pediatric Patient With Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Authors: Ehsan Lubaina , Anz Reem , Asebes Hannah , Nickson Nikoli , Ergun-Longmire Berrin
Published: July 2024

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a genetic overgrowth syndrome with multiple clinical manifestations, including hypoglycemia. Various genetic alterations leading to BWS have been described. Literature has also described the association between BWS and congenital diabetes, but little is known about the association with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We report a 4-year-old female patient with co-occurring BWS and T1D. The patient presented with 2.4-kilogram weight loss in 3 months accompanied by headache, polyuria, and polydipsia. Initial workup showed blood glucose of 681 mg/dL (37.8 mmol/L). Additional workup revealed marked elevation of the glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and insulin antibodies, confirming the diagnosis of T1D. The patient's initial genetic test results revealed BWS caused by hypomethylation of the imprinting center 2 (IC2) found on maternal chromosome 11. Concurrence of BWS and T1D is rare and there are cases previously described where BWS has co-occurred with congenital diabetes but not T1D. Although the etiology of acquired autoimmunity is unclear, the answer may lie in genetic analysis or autoimmunity secondary to preceding viral illness. Regardless of the etiology, this case emphasizes further exploration of the association between BWS and T1D.
3DMOUSEneST: a volumetric label-free imaging method evaluating embryo–uterine interaction and decidualization efficacy
Authors: Savolainen Audrey , Kapiainen Emmi , Ronkainen Veli-Pekka , Izzi Valerio , Matzuk Martin M. , Monsivais Diana , Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen Renata
Published: July 2024

Effective interplay between the uterus and the embryo is essential for pregnancy establishment; however, convenient methods to screen embryo implantation success and maternal uterine response in experimental mouse models are currently lacking. Here, we report 3DMOUSEneST, a groundbreaking method for analyzing mouse implantation sites based on label-free higher harmonic generation microscopy, providing unprecedented insights into the embryo–uterine dynamics during early pregnancy. The 3DMOUSEneST method incorporates second-harmonic generation microscopy to image the three-dimensional structure formed by decidual fibrillar collagen, named ‘decidual nest’, and third-harmonic generation microscopy to evaluate early conceptus (defined as the embryo and extra-embryonic tissues) growth. We demonstrate that decidual nest volume is a measurable indicator of decidualization efficacy and correlates with the probability of early pregnancy progression based on a logistic regression analysis using Smad1/5 and Smad2/3 conditional knockout mice with known implantation defects. 3DMOUSEneST has great potential to become a principal method for studying decidual fibrillar collagen and characterizing mouse models associated with early embryonic lethality and fertility issues.
Does sex matter in the cheetah? Insights into the skeletal muscle of the fastest land animal
Authors: Kohn Tertius A. , Knobel Samantha , Donaldson Byron , van Boom Kathryn M. , Blackhurst Dee M. , Peart James M. , Jensen Jørgen , Tordiffe Adrian S. W.
Published: July 2024

The cheetah is considered the fastest land animal, but studies on their skeletal muscle properties are scarce. Vastus lateralis biopsies, obtained from male and female cheetahs as well as humans, were analysed and compared for fibre type and size, and metabolism. Overall, cheetah muscle had predominantly type IIX fibres, which was confirmed by the myosin heavy chain isoform content (mean±s.d. type I: 17±8%, type IIA: 21±6%, type IIX: 62±12%), whereas human muscle contained predominantly type I and IIA fibres (type I: 49±14%, type IIA: 43±8%, type IIX: 7±7%). Cheetahs had smaller fibres than humans, with larger fibres in the males compared with their female counterparts. Citrate synthase (16±6 versus 28±7 µmol min−1 g−1 protein, P<0.05) and 3-hydroxyacyl co-enzyme A dehydrogenase (30±11 versus 47±15 µmol min−1 g−1 protein, P<0.05) activities were lower in cheetahs than in humans, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity was 6 times higher in cheetahs (2159±827 versus 382±161 µmol min−1 g−1 protein, P<0.001). The activities of creatine kinase (4765±1828 versus 6485±1298, P<0.05 µmol min−1 g−1 protein) and phosphorylase (111±29 versus 216±92 µmol min−1 g−1 protein) were higher in humans, irrespective of the higher type IIX fibres in cheetahs. Superoxide dismutase and catalase, markers of antioxidant capacity, were higher in humans, but overall antioxidant capacity was higher in cheetahs. To conclude, fibre type, fibre size and metabolism differ between cheetahs and humans, with limited differences between the sexes.
Drosophila melanogaster sperm turn more oxidative in the female
Authors: Wetzker Cornelia , Froschauer Christin , Massino Christian , Reinhardt Klaus
Published: July 2024

Males and females of many species store sperm for extended periods. During storage, sperm are predicted to undergo cellular and functional changes, especially towards glycolytic energy metabolism because oxygen radicals derived from oxidative phosphorylation can affect sperm motility and fertilisation ability. However, not all species can use both major energy metabolism pathways. Here, we examined the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and asked whether sperm metabolism can be fuelled by both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and to what extent metabolism changes during storage. Inhibiting glycolysis in vitro led to a more oxidative state of sperm; inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation increased the glycolytic component, assessed by multi-photon autofluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of NAD(P)H. We further examined sperm in male and female sperm storage organs using FLIM of NAD(P)H and FAD. In intact storage organs, we found that, unexpectedly, (i) sperm were more oxidative in females than in males, and (ii) oxidative phosphorylation increased with storage duration in females. Our observation that the relative contribution of the two major energy metabolic pathways in D. melanogaster sperm differs in males and females and over storage time has important evolutionary implications.
Βιβλίο και τεχνολογία
Authors: Στοαντζίκης Αντώνιος
Published: July 2024

Τα τελευταία χρόνια, ποιητές, σχολιαστές και κριτικοί λογοτεχνίας έχουν παρατηρήσει ριζικές αλλαγές στη σύγχρονη ανάγνωση, αλλαγές που επηρεάζουν βαθιά και τη γραφή. Η παρούσα διατριβή επικεντρώνει την έρευνά της στα ακόλουθα βασικά ερωτήματα: εάν η ανάγνωση και η γραφή, που έχουν ως όχημα το βιβλίο και ήταν για χιλιετίες ο πυρήνας του ανθρώπινου πολιτισμού, έχουν υποστεί πράγματι μεταμόρφωση, μπορούμε να υποθέσουμε ότι αυτές οι αλλαγές διαστέλλονται στον ευρύτερο ιστό του κοινού μας πολιτισμού; Και αν ναι, ποια χαρακτηριστικά καθορίζουν αυτό το αναδυόμενο πολιτιστικό τοπίο; Τι είναι αυτό που προκύπτει ως συνέπεια των τεκτονικών αυτών αλλαγών και σε ποιο βαθμό το παραδοσιακό βιβλίο συμμετέχει σε αυτόν τον γενικό μετασχηματισμό; Ήδη από τη δεκαετία του 1990, μια πρωτοπορία λογοτεχνικών οραματιστών, που ενθουσιάστηκαν από την τεχνολογική εξέλιξη και την αυξανόμενη επικράτηση της διαδικτυακής κουλτούρας, ηγήθηκαν της πορείας της λογοτεχνικής καινοτομίας. Τόνισαν τη σύγχρονη πρόκληση: τον αδιάκοπο και απαράμιλλο πολλαπλασιασμό κειμένων. Μέσα από τις καλλιτεχνικές τους προσπάθειες, συνδεδεμένες με την πορεία της τεχνολογικής προόδου, ανέδειξαν μια βαθιά μεταβολή στην ίδια την ουσία του βιβλίου, αναδεικνύοντάς το ως μια ευέλικτη οντότητα στο πλαίσιο της σύγχρονης εποχής. Αυτή η διατριβή ξεκινά με μια διπλή αποστολή: διερευνά τους θεωρητικούς και τεχνικούς τομείς αυτών των καινοτομιών στη λογοτεχνία, εξετάζοντας αναλυτικά τον αμοιβαίο συνδυασμό μεταξύ της λογοτεχνίας και των ψηφιακών μέσων της εποχής μας, ενώ παράλληλα, αναλύει το πολύπλοκο πρόβλημα της ύπαρξης του βιβλίου ως πολιτιστικού υβριδίου.
Effect of Centella asiatica ethanol extract on zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio) insomnia model through inhibition of Orexin, ERK, Akt and p38
Authors: Afif Zamroni , Eddy Santoso Mochammad Istiadjid , Nurdiana . , Khotimah Husnul , Satriotomo Irawan , Kurniawan Shahdevi Nandar , Sujuti Hidayat , Iskandar Dheka Sapti , Hakimah Annisatul
Published: July 2024

Background: Insomnia is difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep for at least three nights a week or more and lasting for at least 3 months. One of the molecules that play a role in the circadian rhythm of arousal system is hypocretin/orexin. Orexin activates the p38-MAPK signaling pathway and increases phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels. Centella asiatica (CA) has a role in the signal work of the MAPK/ERK, Akt, and p38 path in many various diseases. Methods: The research method used is true laboratory experimental. The research approach used was randomized control group post-test only. Zebrafish embryos aged 0-7 dpf were used in this study. The treatment group consisted of 5 groups: normal, insomnia, insomnia + 2.5 μg/mL CA, insomnia + 5 μg/mL CA, and insomnia + 10 μg/mL CA. The locomotor motion of zebrafish larvae was observed using Basler cameras on days five-, six- and seven-day post fertilization (dpf), then analyzed by using Western Blot method. Results: The results proved that exposure to CA extract was able to reduce the expression of orexin (91963 ± 9129) and p38 (117425 ± 6398) as an arousal trigger in the sleep-wake cycle, with the most optimal concentration of CA 5 μg/mL. Exposure to CA extract was also able to reduce the expression of ERK (94795 ± 30830) and Akt (60113.5 ± 27833.5) with an optimum concentration of CA 2.5 μg/mL. Conclusion: Exposure to CA extract was able to improve the sleep activity of zebrafish larvae insomnia model by extending the total inactivity time (cumulative duration) and shortening the duration of first sleep (latency to first) in light and dark phases through inhibition of orexin, ERK, p38, and Akt.
Exploring the landscape of digital servitization: A systematic review
Authors: Ginting Hendri , Nayati Utami Hamidah , Riyadi Riyadi , Hutahayan Benny
Published: July 2024

Background Digital servitization is a strategic transformation where companies adopt a service-focused approach in response to the prevailing trend of digitalization. Utilizing digital technology, businesses manage product and service operations and develop new value propositions. Further research into digital servitization is essential for maintaining competitiveness and meeting evolving market demands globally. This study aims to comprehend the evolution of digital services from theoretical and practical viewpoints and examines how these challenges are tackled. Methods Utilizing a systematic literature review methodology, the study adopts the PRISMA approach to identify 26 pertinent articles from a pool of 340 papers obtained through a SCOPUS database search. These papers were published between 2019 and 2024 and were retrieved using the keywords (‘digitalization OR digital AND servitization OR servitization’). The selection process involved scrutinizing titles, abstracts, and keywords based on predefined criteria. Results The findings reveal that current digital servitization research emphasizes five determinant variables: digitization, servitization, manufacturing servitization, process innovation, and product innovation. Additionally, response variables influenced by digital servitization were identified, including firm competitiveness, firm performance, financial performance, firm profitability, and sustainable performance. Discussion The results of this review point to inconsistencies, underscoring the necessity for additional research into the factors influencing digital servitization across companies beyond the manufacturing sector. This highlights the importance of gaining a deeper understanding of digital servitization strategies and their impacts across various industries. By expanding the scope of research to include a broader range of sectors, researchers can provide more comprehensive insights into the complexities and nuances of digital servitization adoption. This broader perspective enables a more thorough examination of the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing digital servitization strategies, ultimately contributing to a richer understanding of its implications for businesses across diverse industries.
Evaluating the role that Care Groups play in providing breastfeeding and infant feeding support at community level: a qualitative study in Dedza district in Malawi
Authors: Pieterse Pieternella , Walsh Aisling , Chirwa Ellen , Chikalipo Maria , Msowoya Chimwemwe , Mambulasa Janet , Matthews Anne
Published: July 2024

Background Promoting exclusive breastfeeding is a key nutrition policy objective in Malawi. This study assesses the role that Care Group Volunteers (CGVs) play in providing breastfeeding and infant feeding support at community level. Care Groups are a peer-to-peer learning approach, which has been part of Malawi’s nutrition policy since 2012, its role within community-level nutrition support remains under-researched. Methods In July 2021, we conducted 60 qualitative semi structured interviews in Dedza District with village leaders, Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs), CGVs and district health officials, mothers with at least one child under two (n=36) who were purposively selected. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated into English and then analysed using qualitative data analysis software. Thematic analysis was used to elicit key themes. Results Only eight out of 36 women reported receiving breastfeeding support from care groups. All mothers reported receiving breastfeeding support at the health facility where they delivered their baby(ies) and some (n=24) also at ante-natal care clinics. In total, 18 interviewees reported interacting with the Care Groups, mostly during cooking demonstrations or receiving home visits. Little interaction was observed by interviewees between HSAs and CGVs and no evidence suggested coordination between HSAs and CGVs around (vulnerable) newborn baby visits, as described by one HSA. Conclusions This research shows that Care Groups, despite being well-known, remain an under-appreciated and un-integrated volunteer cadre. Policy reform in relation to Care Groups in Malawi is needed to improve volunteer engagement regarding breastfeeding and overall support of newborns and vulnerable infants.
Migration policies versus public health – the ethics of Covid-19 related movement restrictions for asylum seekers in reception centers in Greece in 2020
Authors: Makris George
Published: July 2024

Background The emergency context of the Covid-19 pandemic necessitated the use of national and international public health measures of unprecedented scale to minimize mortality and morbidity, often in conflict with other principles and rights, such as the autonomy of individuals. Concerns have been voiced that for populations facing precarity, such as migrants, a disproportionate and unfair application of restrictive measures, deficient application of protective measures, and even enforcement of restrictive migration policies under the pretext of the pandemic has occurred. Methods Various principles have been proposed as moral foundations of public health interventions. The author used two public health ethics frameworks to examine the ethical acceptability of movement restrictions on asylum seekers residing in refugee camps in Greece from March 2020 to October 2020. Results Most of the principles described in the frameworks for the ethical application of movement restrictions were not adhered to. Main concerns include that, measures were prolonged despite lack of evidence about their effectiveness to reduce morbidity and mortality, while posing severe and disproportionate burdens for this population. Conclusions An ethically acceptable public health response to Covid-19 is incompatible with certain living conditions of refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants. The question of whether and if so the extent to which the discipline of public health inherently has the role of rectifying existing injustices and social inequalities when these can be convincingly related to health outcomes, is central to the design of public health interventions for these populations. The answer can exemplify the need to address moral and political determinants of health. It is essential for public health professionals to be aware of the moral theorizations that underpin their work, so as to ensure that their policies are aligned with those and to contribute to the debate that shapes these determinants.
The genome sequence of a sawfly Macrophya annulata (Geoffroy, 1785)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Green Andrew ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Macrophya annulata (sawfly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Tenthredinidae). The genome sequence is 236.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 8 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 31.23 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the silver-fronted satellite fly, Metopia argyrocephala (Meigen, 1824)
Authors: Falk Steven , Akinmusola Ruth Y. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Metopia argyrocephala (the silver-fronted satellite fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Sarcophagidae). The genome sequence is 626.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.21 kilobases in length.
Learning by Doing: The Industrial and Applied Mathematics Program at Eindhoven University of Technology
Authors: Di Bucchianico Alessandro , Spieksma Frits , Vlasiou Maria
Published: July 2024

The Industrial and Applied Mathematics (IAM) master’s program at Eindhoven University of Technology received the INFORMS UPS George D. Smith Prize in 2022. This paper highlights the department’s history, the innovative aspects of the program, and its role in educating operations research practitioners. Eindhoven University of Technology emphasizes industry collaboration, societal involvement, and scientific excellence, principles that are integral to the IAM program.
Nonadaptive Stochastic Score Classification and Explainable Half-Space Evaluation
Authors: Ghuge Rohan , Gupta Anupam , Nagarajan Viswanath
Published: July 2024

Nonadaptive Stochastic Score Classification

Sequential testing problems involve a system with several components, each of which is working with some independent probability. The working/failed status of each component can be determined by performing a test, which is usually expensive. So, the goal is to perform tests in a carefully chosen sequence until the overall system status can be evaluated. These problems arise in a variety of applications, such as healthcare, manufacturing, and telecommunication. A common task in these applications is to categorize the system into one of several classes that correspond to the system status being poor, fair, good, excellent, etc. In “Nonadaptive Stochastic Score Classification and Explainable Half-Space Evaluation,” Ghuge, Gupta, and Nagarajan provide the first constant-factor approximation algorithm for this problem. Moreover, the resulting policy is nonadaptive, which results in significant savings in computational time. The authors also validate their theoretical results via computational experiments, where they observe that their algorithm’s cost is on average at most 50% more than an information-theoretic lower bound.
High-Resolution Sensor System to Investigate Solute Transport in Saturated Sediments
Authors: Alqusaireen Eatedal , Meier Claudio , Jazaei Farhad
Published: July 2024

Highlights

Innovative sensor system was developed to detect solute transport at very high time resolutions.

The sensors measure electrical conductivity as voltage drops at a frequency of up to 10 Hz, allowing for detailed solute breakthrough curves (BTCs).

One-dimensional solute transport equations were modeled numerically using the finite differences technique, and the results show good agreement between the modeled BTCs and those obtained in the laboratory for all materials.

Abstract. Hyporheic exchange flow, the movement of river water into streambed sediments and its subsequent return to the surface water after suffering biogeochemical transformations, impacts a stream’s water quality and ecology. These processes, which are the basis for the self-purification capacity of river systems, depend on the quantity and travel time of the flow within the sediments. Different tracer-based approaches have been deployed for studying flow in saturated sediments, but few of these experimental methodologies are able to attain the high temporal resolutions that are needed to adequately capture the passage of a solute plume in a porous medium. To allow for a better description of such flows, we designed and fabricated an innovative, low-cost sensor system able to detect solute transport at multiple locations simultaneously at very high time resolutions. The sensors measure electrical conductivity as voltage drops at a frequency of up to 10 Hz, allowing for detailed solute breakthrough curves (BTCs). The fabricated sensors were tested in a laboratory experimental setup designed to examine solute transport under conditions that reproduce 1D flow in saturated sediments. The sensor system was able to successfully detect electrical conductivity (expressed as voltage drop) in real-time, at high temporal resolution, and at multiple locations. Solute BTCs collected with the system were consistent and highly repeatable under the same conditions. One-dimensional solute transport equations were modeled numerically using the finite differences technique, and the results showed good agreement between the measured and modeled BTCs for all materials. The proposed system is inexpensive compared to conventional EC probes, easy to operate, and sensitive to low solute concentrations. Keywords: Hyporheic exchange flow, Saturated sediments, Sensor, Solute transport.
Flora of Bahia: Surianaceae
Authors: Silva Diego Nunes da
Published: July 2024

The floristic survey of Surianaceae from Bahia, Brazil, is presented. Only the monospecific genus Suriana was found in the state. Descriptions are presented for the family, genus and species, as well as general comments, field photos and a geographic distribution map for Suriana maritima in the state.
Intersectional Environmentalism: The Sustainability Imperative Colloquium
Authors: Thomas Leah
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Activist Leah Thomas delivered a plenary address at the Advertising & Society Colloquium, held at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History on March 1, 2024. Drawing from her book The Intersectional Environmentalist: How to Dismantle Systems of Oppression to Protect People + Planet (Voracious, 2022), Thomas explored the connections between environmentalism and social justice, highlighting how marginalized communities often bear the brunt of environmental hazards. She shared her journey through her academic and professional experiences, to arrive at the concept of intersectional environmentalism. This approach stresses integrating racial, gender, and economic justice into environmental advocacy. Thomas called for diverse representation in environmental movements and criticized the historical exclusion of marginalized voices. She urged for responsible and inclusive practices in advertising, promoting sustainability, and amplifying underrepresented communities’ concerns. This holistic view underscores the interconnectedness of ecological and social issues, urging a reevaluation of advertising’s role in fostering a sustainable future. This talk was part of a broader colloquium theme, “The Sustainability Imperative,” and was followed by a panel on the legacy of Smokey Bear and a plenary by sustainability-focused professor Deb Morrison.
Ethnic Integration and Evolution of the Phonological Features of Northern Standard Chinese Language
Authors: Wang Weimin
Published: July 2024

民族融合往往伴随着语言接触和语言转换。“民族融合”的过程就是将北方标准汉语“重塑”为族际共同语进而成为民族共同语的过程。只有基于以阿尔泰语为主的北方诸民族语音系规则和音韵结构特征重新思考并深入研究以阿尔泰为主的北方诸民族在转用汉语过程中对汉语形成的干扰和影响，才能理解民族共同语是在民族融合过程中汉族与其他民族共同塑造的语言共同体。在民族共同语形成的过程中，民族语者不仅是民族共同语的传播者，也是民族共同语的共同塑造者。
Analysis of centroiding algorithms for non-diffracting structured and hollow structured laser beams: erratum
Authors: Dusek Martin , Roikova Eva , Mergelkuhl Dirk , Gayde Jean-Christophe , Polak Krystof , Sulc Miroslav
Published: July 2024

This erratum serves to correct an equation in Appl. Opt. 63, 263 (2024)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.509927.
Less is more: surface-lattice-resonance-enhanced aluminum metasurface with giant saturable absorption for a wavelength-tunable Q-switched Yb-doped fiber laser
Authors: Xie Hailun , Gui Lili , Zhou Xiangxiang , Zhou Yue , Xu Kun
Published: July 2024

Resonant metasurfaces provide a promising solution to overcome the limitations of nonlinear materials in nature by enhancing the interaction between light and matter and amplifying optical nonlinearity. In this paper, we design an aluminum (Al) metasurface that supports surface lattice resonance (SLR) with less nanoparticle filling density but more prominent saturable absorption effects, in comparison to a counterpart that supports localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). In detail, the SLR metasurface exhibits a narrower resonance linewidth and a greater near-field enhancement, leading to a more significant modulation depth (9.6%) at a low incident fluence of 25  μJ/cm2. As an application example, we have further achieved wavelength-tunable Q-switched pulse generation from 1020 to 1048 nm by incorporating the SLR-based Al metasurface as a passive saturable absorber (SA) in a polarization-maintaining ytterbium-doped fiber laser. Typically, the Q-switched pulse with a repetition rate of 33.7 kHz, pulse width of 2.1 μs, pulse energy of 141.7 nJ, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of greater than 40 dB at the fundamental frequency can be obtained. In addition, we have investigated the effects of pump power and central wavelength of the filter on the repetition rate and pulse width of output pulses, respectively. In spite of demonstration of only using the Al metasurface to achieve a passive Q-switched fiber laser, our work offers an alternative scheme to build planar, lightweight, and broadband SA devices that could find emerging applications from ultrafast optics to neuromorphic photonics, considering the fast dynamics, CMOS-compatible fabrication, and decent nonlinear optical response of Al-material-based nanoplasmonics.
Single-fly genome assemblies fill major phylogenomic gaps across the Drosophilidae Tree of Life
Authors: Kim Bernard Y. , Gellert Hannah R. , Church Samuel H. , Suvorov Anton , Anderson Sean S. , Barmina Olga , Beskid Sofia G. , Comeault Aaron A. , Crown K. Nicole , Diamond Sarah E. , Dorus Steve , Fujichika Takako , Hemker James A. , Hrcek Jan , Kankare Maaria , Katoh Toru , Magnacca Karl N. , Martin Ryan A. , Matsunaga Teruyuki , Medeiros Matthew J. , Miller Danny E. , Pitnick Scott , Schiffer Michele , Simoni Sara , Steenwinkel Tessa E. , Syed Zeeshan A. , Takahashi Aya , Wei Kevin H-C. , Yokoyama Tsuya , Eisen Michael B. , Kopp Artyom , Matute Daniel , Obbard Darren J. , O’Grady Patrick M. , Price Donald K. , Toda Masanori J. , Werner Thomas , Petrov Dmitri A.
Published: July 2024

Long-read sequencing is driving rapid progress in genome assembly across all major groups of life, including species of the family Drosophilidae, a longtime model system for genetics, genomics, and evolution. We previously developed a cost-effective hybrid Oxford Nanopore (ONT) long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing approach and used it to assemble 101 drosophilid genomes from laboratory cultures, greatly increasing the number of genome assemblies for this taxonomic group. The next major challenge is to address the laboratory culture bias in taxon sampling by sequencing genomes of species that cannot easily be reared in the lab. Here, we build upon our previous methods to perform amplification-free ONT sequencing of single wild flies obtained either directly from the field or from ethanol-preserved specimens in museum collections, greatly improving the representation of lesser studied drosophilid taxa in whole-genome data. Using Illumina Novaseq X Plus and ONT P2 sequencers with R10.4.1 chemistry, we set a new benchmark for inexpensive hybrid genome assembly at US $150 per genome while assembling genomes from as little as 35 ng of genomic DNA from a single fly. We present 183 new genome assemblies for 179 species as a resource for drosophilid systematics, phylogenetics, and comparative genomics. Of these genomes, 62 are from pooled lab strains and 121 from single adult flies. Despite the sample limitations of working with small insects, most single-fly diploid assemblies are comparable in contiguity (>1 Mb contig N50), completeness (>98% complete dipteran BUSCOs), and accuracy (>QV40 genome-wide with ONT R10.4.1) to assemblies from inbred lines. We present a well-resolved multi-locus phylogeny for 360 drosophilid and 4 outgroup species encompassing all publicly available (as of August 2023) genomes for this group. Finally, we present a Progressive Cactus whole-genome, reference-free alignment built from a subset of 298 suitably high-quality drosophilid genomes. The new assemblies and alignment, along with updated laboratory protocols and computational pipelines, are released as an open resource and as a tool for studying evolution at the scale of an entire insect family.
Physical activity and depression symptoms in people with osteoarthritis-related pain: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pascoe Michaela C. , Patten Rhiannon K. , Tacey Alexander , Woessner Mary N. , Bourke Matthew , Bennell Kim , Tran Phong , McKenna Michael J. , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Lane Rebecca , Koska Jakub , Asilioglu Alev , Sheeny Jodie , Levinger Itamar , Parker Alexandra
Published: July 2024

Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of chronic pain and is associated with high rates of depression. Physical activity reduces depression symptoms and pain levels. It remains unknown if physical activity is associated with lower symptoms of depression irrespective of pain levels in individuals with osteoarthritis. We explored whether pain mediated or moderated the relationship between levels of physical activity engagement and depression symptoms. Individuals with osteoarthritis who were waiting for an orthopaedic consultation at a public hospital in Melbourne, Australia, were recruited. Data collected on pain levels, physical activity engagement and depression symptoms. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise participant characteristics. Moderation and mediation analyses were used to establish the impact of pain on the relationship between physical activity and depression, after adjusting for demographic and joint specific characteristics. The results indicated that the inverse association between physical activity and depression depended on the level of pain, such that the association was stronger in people with greater pain. The mediation results confirm that participating in physical activity is indirectly, inversely associated with symptoms of depression through lower levels of pain. The highest levels of pain were associated with the most potential benefit in terms of reduction in symptoms of depression from engaging in physical activity. Physical activity may be particularly important to manage depression symptoms in people with greater osteoarthritis-related pain as patients with the highest pain may have the greatest benefits.