bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Comparative Analysis of R2R3 MYB Gene Family in Populus and Salix and Identification of Male Flower Bud Development-Related Genes
Authors: Zhou Fangwei , Chen Yingnan , Wu Huaitong , Yin Tongming
Published: September 2021

The MYB transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest plant transcription factor gene family playing vital roles in plant growth and development, including defense, cell differentiation, secondary metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. As a model tree species of woody plants, in recent years, the identification and functional prediction of certain MYB family members in the poplar genome have been reported. However, to date, the characterization of the gene family in the genome of the poplar’s sister species willow has not been done, nor are the differences and similarities between the poplar and willow genomes understood. In this study, we conducted the first genome-wide investigation of the R2R3 MYB subfamily in the willow, identifying 216 R2R3 MYB gene members, and combined with the poplar R2R3 MYB genes, performed the first comparative analysis of R2R3 MYB genes between the poplar and willow. We identified 81 and 86 pairs of R2R3 MYB paralogs in the poplar and willow, respectively. There were 17 pairs of tandem repeat genes in the willow, indicating active duplication of willow R2R3 MYB genes. A further 166 pairs of poplar and willow orthologs were identified by collinear and synonymous analysis. The findings support the duplication of R2R3 MYB genes in the ancestral species, with most of the R2R3 MYB genes being retained during the evolutionary process. The phylogenetic trees of the R2R3 MYB genes of 10 different species were drawn. The functions of the poplar and willow R2R3 MYB genes were predicted using reported functional groupings and clustering by OrthoFinder. Identified 5 subgroups in general expanded in woody species, three subgroups were predicted to be related to lignin synthesis, and we further speculate that the other two subgroups also play a role in wood formation. We analyzed the expression patterns of the GAMYB gene of subgroup 18 (S18) related to pollen development in the male flower buds of poplar and willow at different developmental stages by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the GAMYB gene was specifically expressed in the male flower bud from pollen formation to maturity, and that the expression first increased and then decreased. Both the specificity of tissue expression specificity and conservation indicated that GAMYB played an important role in pollen development in both poplar and willow and was an ideal candidate gene for the analysis of male flower development-related functions of the two species.
A Structural Equation Model of Self-Regulation and Healthy Habits as an Individual Protective Tool in the Context of Epidemics–Evidence From COVID-19
Authors: Sousa Sónia S. , Ferreira Marisa M. , Cruz Sara , Sampaio Adriana , Silva-Fernandes Anabela
Published: September 2021

Objective: The present study aims to explore the mediation role of self-regulation on health-related behaviors adoption or maintenance, mental health, and well-being during the COVID-19 confinement in a sample of adults in Portugal.

Design: One-hundred fifty individuals (118 females, 32 males; Mage = 33.57 year; SD = 12.71) filled an online survey to assess self-regulation, healthy behaviors, mental health, and well-being perception, during the early months of the pandemic (June–August, 2020).

Main Outcome Measures: Self-regulation capacity, adoption or maintenance of healthy habits, mental health, including stress management, and the perception of one’s well-being were evaluated using a structural equation model (SEM).

Results: Self-regulation had direct effects on healthy habits and mental health and indirect effects on well-being and mental health mediated by healthy habits. In specific, a positive direct effect on healthy habits (β = 0.497, p < 0.001) and a negative direct effect on mental health (β = −0.428, p < 0.001); and a positive indirect effect on well-being perception, mediated by healthy behaviors and mental health (β = 0.253, p = 0.003), and a negative indirect effect on mental health, mediated by healthy habits (β = −0.208, p = 0.003). Additionally, healthy habits exerted direct effects on well-being perception and mental health. A positive direct effect on well-being perception (β = 0.254, p = 0.012), and a negative direct effect on mental health (β = −0.418, p < 0.001) were further observed. No direct effect of mental health was observed in well-being perception (β = −0.199, p = 0.068). Finally, a negative correlation was observed between self-regulation and weeks of confinement (r = −0.208, p = 0.021).

Conclusion: Self-regulation seems to be a good indicator of adopting a healthy lifestyle and better mental health and well-being in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future preventive actions and interventions to build long-term global preparedness for future health emergencies, such as COVID-19, should explore the importance of self-regulation as an important individual and collective protective factor.
Combining Music and Indoor Spatial Factors Helps to Improve College Students’ Emotion During Communication
Authors: Jiang Jiani , Meng Qi , Ji Jingtao
Published: September 2021

Against the background of weakening face-to-face social interaction, the mental health of college students deserves attention. There are few existing studies on the impact of audiovisual interaction on interactive behavior, especially emotional perception in specific spaces. This study aims to indicate whether the perception of one’s music environment has influence on college students’ emotion during communication in different indoor conditions including spatial function, visual and sound atmospheres, and interior furnishings. The three-dimensional pleasure–arousal–dominance (PAD) emotional model was used to evaluate the changes of emotions before and after communication. An acoustic environmental measurement was performed and the evaluations of emotion during communication was investigated by a questionnaire survey with 331 participants at six experimental sites [including a classroom (CR), a learning corridor (LC), a coffee shop (CS), a fast food restaurant (FFR), a dormitory (DT), and a living room(LR)], the following results were found: Firstly, the results in different functional spaces showed no significant effect of music on communication or emotional states during communication. Secondly, the average score of the musical evaluation was 1.09 higher in the warm-toned space compared to the cold-toned space. Thirdly, the differences in the effects of music on emotion during communication in different sound environments were significant and pleasure, arousal, and dominance could be efficiently enhanced by music in the quiet space. Fourthly, dominance was 0.63 higher in the minimally furnished space. Finally, we also investigated influence of social characteristics on the effect of music on communication in different indoor spaces, in terms of the intimacy level, the gender combination, and the group size. For instance, when there are more than two communicators in the dining space, pleasure and arousal can be efficiently enhanced by music. This study shows that combining the sound environment with spatial factors (for example, the visual and sound atmosphere) and the interior furnishings can be an effective design strategy for promoting social interaction in indoor spaces.
Influence of Prosocial Motivation on Employee Creativity: The Moderating Role of Regulatory Focus and the Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Tian Xizhou , Peng Xiqiang , Peng Xiaoping
Published: September 2021

Stimulating and improving the creativity of employees are both theoretically and practically important. The relationship between prosocial motivation and creativity has gradually gained attention in recent years; however, in the context of controlling for intrinsic motivation, the influence process and results between the two are not yet clear. Based on the motivated information processing model, componential theory of creativity, and regulatory focus theory, this study analyzed the mediating role of knowledge sharing and the moderating role of regulatory focus in the relationship between prosocial motivation and the creativity of employees. For this, we used the PROCESS program and the bootstrap method to test the theoretical hypotheses. Consequently, a survey of 320 Chinese employees revealed that, under the condition of controlling for intrinsic motivation, the prosocial motivation of employees was positively related to creativity and partially mediated by knowledge sharing. Furthermore, regulatory focus negatively moderated the correlation between prosocial motivation and knowledge sharing. Specifically, we found that the higher the prevention focus was, the weaker the effect prosocial motivation had on knowledge sharing. Contrary to the hypothesis, promotion focus also played a negative moderating role. Thus, the results revealed the mechanism and boundary conditions of prosocial motivation on creativity. This study expands the research on prosocial motivation and provides guidance on how managers can enhance the creativity of their employees.
To Do or Not to Do… Primary Health Care Professionals Experiences With Mothers With Children Born of Sexual Violence
Authors: Meuleman Eline , van Ee Elisa
Published: September 2021

Mothers and their children born of sexual violence are at heightened risk for developing an insecure attachment relationship. These mothers and their children often enter care late or not at all, as they are not identified by health care professionals. In this qualitative study, semi structured interviews were conducted with sixteen professionals in primary care for pregnant women and/or young mothers with the aim to identify the status quo in knowledge and skills, challenges, and opportunities. Participants included among others professionals working at Youth Services, psychologists, and clinical nurse specialists. Through a thematic analysis, five themes were identified: the knowledge of the professional, discussing the sexual violence, suitable interventions, points of attention during care, and recommendations. Analysis revealed that three groups of professionals can be distinguished, based on their level of awareness of this target group and their available knowledge and skills. To improve primary care for mothers with children born of sexual violence an increase in awareness, knowledge, and skills is a necessary prerequisite. Scientifically based best practices are therefore necessary for health care professionals to provide adequate care for mothers with children born of sexual violence.
Personality Profile in Orthorexia Nervosa and Healthy Orthorexia
Authors: Roncero María , Barrada Juan Ramón , García-Soriano Gemma , Guillén Verónica
Published: September 2021

Little is known about orthorexia in both its pathological (orthorexia nervosa, OrNe) and adaptive (healthy orthorexia, HeOr) forms. To date, few studies have been carried out to analyze the personality profile associated with orthorexia, and the results have been contradictory. The aim of the present study was to explore the characteristic pathological personality traits associated with OrNe and HeOr. A total of 297 participants (Mage= 30.8 years; 94.6% women) from the general population completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) and Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form (PID-5-SF) questionnaires. Results showed significant low-medium correlations between OrNe and the four personality factors (Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism) (rs range [0.08, 0.36]). In the regression analysis, the predictors of OrNe were Neuroticism and, to a lesser extent, Psychoticism. For HeOr, the associations were lower (rs range [−0.13, 0.05]) and negative, except Psychoticism. Only the relationship with Disinhibition was statistically significant, although after controlling for OrNe, Negative Affectivity and Antagonism also became significant. In the regression analysis, the predictors of HeOr were Disinhibition (negative direction) and Psychoticism (positive direction). The findings show that OrNe is associated with a pathological personality pattern characterized by difficulty in regulating emotions and negative affect (Negative Affectivity), as well as eccentricity, feeling special, and holding beliefs outside the norm (Psychoticism). However, HeOr seems to be related to the tendency toward high responsibility, self-control, the ability to maintain the focus of attention (low Disinhibition), and Psychoticism. Future studies should confirm whether this combination is a key component underlying the development and maintenance of orthorexia.
Revisiting the Factor Structure of the German WISC-V for Clinical Interpretability: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Approach on the 10 Primary Subtests
Authors: Pauls Franz , Daseking Monika
Published: September 2021

With the exception of a recently published study and the analyses provided in the test manual, structural validity is mostly uninvestigated for the German version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fifth Edition (WISC-V). Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to examine the latent structure of the 10 WISC-V primary subtests on a bifurcated extended population-representative German standardization sample (N=1,646) by conducting both exploratory (EFA; n=823) and confirmatory (CFA; n=823) factor analyses on the original data. Since no more than one salient subtest loading could be found on the Fluid Reasoning (FR) factor in EFA, results indicated a four-factor rather than a five-factor model solution when the extraction of more than two suggested factors was forced. Likewise, a bifactor model with four group factors was found to be slightly superior in CFA. Variance estimation from both EFA and CFA revealed that the general factor dominantly accounted for most of the subtest variance and construct reliability estimates further supported interpretability of the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). In both EFA and CFA, most group factors explained rather small proportions of common subtest variance and produced low construct replicability estimates, suggesting that the WISC-V primary indexes were of lower interpretive value and should be evaluated with caution. Clinical interpretation should thus be primarily based on the FSIQ and include a comprehensive analysis of the cognitive profile derived from the WISC-V primary indexes rather than analyses of each single primary index.
Social Distancing and COVID-19: Factors Associated With Compliance With Social Distancing Norms in Spain
Authors: Gualda Estrella , Krouwel Andre , Palacios-Gálvez Marisol , Morales-Marente Elena , Rodríguez-Pascual Iván , García-Navarro E. Begoña
Published: September 2021

This article describes patterns of compliance with social distancing measures among the Spanish population during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It identifies several factors associated with higher or lower compliance with recommended measures of social distancing. This research is part of a 67-country study, titled the International COVID-19 study on Social & Moral Psychology, in which we use a Spanish dataset. Participants were residents in Spain aged 18 or above. The sample comprises 1,090 respondents, weighted to be representative of the Spanish population. Frequencies, correlations, bivariate analysis, and six models based on hierarchical multiple regressions were applied. The main finding is that most Spaniards are compliant with established guidelines of social distance during the pandemic (State of Alarm, before May 2020). Variables associated more with lower levels of compliance with these standards were explored. Six hierarchical multiple regression models found that compliance with social distance measures has a multifactorial explanation (R2 between 20.4 and 49.1%). Sociodemographic factors, personal hygiene patterns, and the interaction between personal hygiene patterns and the support for political measures related to the coronavirus brought significant effects on the regression models. Less compliance was also associated with beliefs in some specific conspiracy theories with regard to COVID-19 or general conspiracy mentality (Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire, CMQ), consumption patterns of traditional mass media (television, paper newspapers, magazines, and radio) and modern means to get informed (online digital newspapers, blogs, and social networks), political ideology, vote, trust in institutions, and political identification. Among the future lines of action in preventing the possible outbreak of the virus, we suggest measures to reinforce trust in official information, mainly linked to reducing the influence of disinformation and conspiracy theories parallel to the pandemic.
The Influence of Industrial Structure Upgrade on Coupling and Coordinated Development—Empirical Analysis From Chinese Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Pharmaceutical Service Industries
Authors: Hu Meng , Tao Chunhai , Zhou Hao
Published: September 2021

The degree of coupling and coordination between the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and the medical service industry crucially requires improvement by promoting the development of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry through industrial structure upgrading to narrow the gap between them. First, this article uses the coupling coordination degree model to measure the coupling coordination degree of the Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and medical service industry; then, it theoretically analyzes the mechanism through which upgrading the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry's industrial structure can improve the coupling coordination degree. Finally, we empirically test the impact of upgrading the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry's industrial structure on the coupling and coordination degree between it and the medical service industry. The main conclusions are as follows: (1). The quantile regression model shows that having an advanced pharmaceutical manufacturing industry positively affects its coupling and coordination with the medical service industry; (2). A threshold regression model is tested, and it is found that only when the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry reaches an advanced level can it significantly promote joint and coordinated development with the medical service industry; (3). Rationalizing the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry structure will inhibit a high level of coordination between it and the medical service industry and their coordinated development.
Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Potential Mechanisms of Resistance to Trichomoniasis gallinae Infection in Pigeon (Columba livia)
Authors: Yuan Jingwei , Ni Aixin , Li Yunlei , Bian Shixiong , Liu Yunjie , Wang Panlin , Shi Lei , Isa Adamu Mani , Ge Pingzhuang , Sun Yanyan , Ma Hui , Chen Jilan
Published: September 2021

Trichomoniasis gallinae (T. gallinae) is one of the most pathogenic parasites in pigeon, particularly in squabs. Oral cavity is the main site for the host-parasite interaction. Herein, we used RNA-sequencing technology to characterize lncRNA and mRNA profiles and compared transcriptomic dynamics of squabs, including four susceptible birds (S) from infected group, four tolerant birds (T) without parasites after T. gallinae infection, and three birds from uninfected group (N), to understand molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance to this parasite. We identified 29,809 putative lncRNAs and characterized their genomic features subsequently. Differentially expressed (DE) genes, DE-lncRNAs and cis/trans target genes of DE-lncRNAs were further compared among the three groups. The KEGG analysis indicated that specific intergroup DEGs were involved in carbon metabolism (S vs. T), metabolic pathways (N vs. T) and focal adhesion pathway (N vs. S), respectively. Whereas, the cis/trans genes of DE-lncRNAs were enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway and insulin signaling pathway, which play crucial roles in immune system of the host animal. This suggests T. gallinae invasion in pigeon mouth may modulate lncRNAs expression and their target genes. Moreover, co-expression analysis identified crucial lncRNA-mRNA interaction networks. Several DE-lncRNAs including MSTRG.82272.3, MSTRG.114849.42, MSTRG.39405.36, MSTRG.3338.5, and MSTRG.105872.2 targeted methylation and immune-related genes, such as JCHAIN, IL18BP, ANGPT1, TMRT10C, SAMD9L, and SOCS3. This implied that DE-lncRNAs exert critical influence on T. gallinae infections. The quantitative exploration of host transcriptome changes induced by T. gallinae infection broaden both transcriptomic and epigenetic insights into T. gallinae resistance and its pathological mechanism.
Energy and Protein Requirements for the Maintenance of Growing Male Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)
Authors: Bao Kun , Wang Xiaoxu , Wang Kaiying , Li Guangyu , Liu Hanlu
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study is to study the effects of dietary intake levels on energy metabolism, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) balance and to determine the maintenance requirements of energy and protein for male sika deer during their growing period. A total of 16 1-year-old male sika deer with similar body weight (BW) (63.25 ± 2.42 kg) were selected, with four animals per feed intake level. The feeding levels of the four groups for deer were 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the recommended amount, respectively. The nutrient digestibility and methane production were measured through digestion trials and respiratory trials. A 4 × 4 Latin Square design was performed in a respirometry trial. The results show that the apparent digestibility of C and N gradually increased as the level of feed intake decreased. Furthermore, with a decrease in feed intake level, the metabolic energy intake (MEI), heat production (HP), and retained energy (RE) of male sika deer significantly decreased (P < 0.01). The requirements of metabolic energy for maintenance (MEm) and net energy for maintenance (NEm) of growing deer are 251.17 and 223.62 kJ kg−1BW0.75d−1, respectively, as estimated according to the logarithmic regression equations between HP and MEI. The net N requirement for maintenance (NNm) and net protein requirement for maintenance (NPm) of growing male sika deer based on the linear relationship between retained nitrogen (RN) and daily nitrogen intake (NI) were 251.8 mg kg−1BW0.75d−1 and 1.57 g kg−1BW0.75d−1, respectively. The NEm and NPm values obtained from this experiment fill the gap in net energy and protein requirements and serve as basic data for establishing the nutritional standards forsika deer breeding in China.
Multi-Class Freeway Congestion and Emission Based on Robust Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Chen Juan , Feng Qinxuan , Guo Qi
Published: September 2021

In order to solve the problem of traffic congestion and emission optimization of urban multi-class expressways, a robust dynamic nondominated sorting multi-objective genetic algorithm DFCM-RDNSGA-III based on density fuzzy c-means clustering method is proposed in this paper. Considering the three performance indicators of travel time, ramp queue and traffic emissions, the ramp metering and variable speed limit control schemes of an expressway are optimized to improve the main road and ramp traffic congestion, therefore achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. In the VISSIM simulation environment, a multi-on-ramp and multi-off-ramp road network is built to verify the performance of the algorithm. The results show that, compared with the existing algorithm NSGA-III, the DFCM-RDNSGA-III algorithm proposed in this paper can provide better ramp metering and variable speed limit control schemes in the process of road network peak formation and dissipation. In addition, the traffic congestion of expressways can be improved and energy conservation as well as emission reduction can also be realized.
Potentiality of Vermicomposting in the South Pacific Island Countries: A Review
Authors: Pierre-Louis Randy Carlie , Kader Md. Abdul , Desai Nandakumar M , John Eleanor H
Published: September 2021

Incorporation of vermin culture in the composting system produces “vermicompost”, an enriched biofertilizer known to improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. It is applied in granular form and/or in liquid solution (vermiwash), and in both open fields and greenhouses. Vermicompost has been shown to contain plant growth hormones, which stimulate seed germination and improve crop yield, the ‘marketability’ of products, plant physiology, and their ability to fight against disease. In recent years, South Pacific island countries (SPICs) have placed an increasing emphasis on the importance of organic agricultural practices as a means of achieving more sustainable and environmentally friendly farming practices. However, vermiculture is not practiced in South Pacific island countries (SPICs) largely due to the lack of awareness of this type of application. We consider the inclusion of vermiculture in this region as a potential means of achieving sustainable organic agricultural practices. This study represents a systematic review in which we collect relevant information on vermicomposting and analyze the applicability of this practice in the SPICs based on these nations’ physical, socioeconomic, and climatic conditions. The tropical climate of the SPICs means that they meet the combined requirements of a large available biomass for composting and the availability of earthworms. Perionyx excavatus and Pontoscolex corethrurus have been identified as potential native earthworm species for vermicomposting under the conditions of the SPICs. Eisenia fetida, a well-known earthworm species, is also effectively adapted to this region and reported to be an efficient species for commercial vermicomposting. However, as a new input into the local production system, there may be unforeseen barriers in the initial stages, as with other advanced technologies, and the introduction of vermiculture as a practice requires a steady effort and adaptive research to achieve success. Further experimental research is required to analyze the productivity and profitability of using the identified native earthworm species for vermiculture using locally available biomass in the SPICs.
Beneficial Soil Microbes Negatively Affect Spider Mites and Aphids in Pepper
Authors: Pappas Maria L. , Samaras Konstantinos , Koufakis Ioannis , Broufas George D.
Published: September 2021

Beneficial soil microbes have long been recognized for their ability to improve plant growth, to antagonize pathogens and to prime plants against biotic stressors. Nevertheless, their ability to enhance plant resistance against arthropod pests remains largely unexplored, especially in crop plants such as pepper. Herein, we assessed the effects of several fungal and bacterial species/strains applied in the soil on the performance of key pests of pepper plants. Specifically, we recorded the impact of pepper inoculation with commercial strains of beneficial bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Pseudomonas spp.) as well as fungi (Trichoderma spp. and Cordyceps fumosorosea) on the population growth of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Furthermore, we recorded the effects of microbial inoculation on plant growth parameters, such as stem and root weight. We found that both pests can be negatively affected by microbial inoculation: spider mites laid up to 40% fewer eggs, and the number of aphids were up to 50% less on pepper-inoculated plants, depending on the microbe. We also recorded a variation among the tested microbes in their impact on herbivore performance, but no significant effects were found on plant biomass. Our results add to the growing literature that beneficial soil microbes may be capable of exerting biocontrol capabilities against aboveground herbivorous pests possibly, among other means, via the elicitation of plant defense responses.
The Use of Draught Animals in Rural Labour
Authors: Mota-Rojas Daniel , Braghieri Ada , Álvarez-Macías Adolfo , Serrapica Francesco , Ramírez-Bribiesca Efrén , Cruz-Monterrosa Rosy , Masucci Felicia , Mora-Medina Patricia , Napolitano Fabio
Published: September 2021

This study discusses scientific findings on the use of draught animals such as equids (i.e., horses, mules, and donkeys) and bovids (i.e., cattle and water buffaloes) in rural labours. Relevant peer-reviewed literature published between 1980 and 2021 was retrieved from CAB Abstracts, PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases. Although animals were used to produce draught power since their domestication and are still being used for this purpose, mechanisation has markedly reduced animal labour demand in agriculture. However, the process was uneven across continents according to economic constraints, and draught animals are currently concentrated in small production units located on terrains that do not favour agriculture mechanisation in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Generally, equids can work at rates similar to those of bovids or faster but can sustain the work for shorter periods of time. In addition, buffaloes possess tough hooves and resistance to disease that make them suitable for working in wetlands and clay soils. Draught animals allow a marked reduction of both GHG emissions and non-renewable energy consumption as compared with agricultural machinery. In addition, they may allow obtaining profits from otherwise non-usable lands. Therefore, their use should be promoted in rural areas where low investments are usually the only ones feasible, and the energy of the animals can be obtained at a low cost by feeding them harvest residues and by-products. However, more attention should be paid to the quality of human–animal interactions—due to the close contact between animals and humans while working—and to the welfare of draught animals when transported and slaughtered—due to the high prevalence of injuries they suffer when subjected to these practices.
Comparative Effectiveness Study of Home-Based Interventions to Prevent CA-MRSA Infection Recurrence
Authors: Tobin Jonathan N. , Hower Suzanne , D’Orazio Brianna M. , Pardos de la Gándara María , Evering Teresa H. , Khalida Chamanara , Ramachandran Jessica , González Leidy Johana , Kost Rhonda G. , Vasquez Kimberly S. , de Lencastre Hermínia , Tomasz Alexander , Coller Barry S. , Vaughan Roger
Published: September 2021

Recurrent skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) caused by Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) or Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MSSA) present treatment challenges. This community-based trial examined the effectiveness of an evidence-based intervention (CDC Guidelines, topical decolonization, surface decontamination) to reduce SSTI recurrence, mitigate household contamination/transmission, and improve patient-reported outcomes. Participants (n = 186) were individuals with confirmed MRSA(+)/MSSA(+) SSTIs and their household members. During home visits; Community Health Workers/Promotoras provided hygiene instructions; a five-day supply of nasal mupirocin; chlorhexidine for body cleansing; and household disinfecting wipes (Experimental; EXP) or Usual Care Control (UC CON) pamphlets. Primary outcome was six-month SSTI recurrence from electronic health records (EHR). Home visits (months 0; 3) and telephone assessments (months 0; 1; 6) collected self-report data. Index patients and participating household members provided surveillance culture swabs. Secondary outcomes included household surface contamination; household member colonization and transmission; quality of life; and satisfaction with care. There were no significant differences in SSTI recurrence between EXP and UC in the intent-to-treat cohort (n = 186) or the enrolled cohort (n = 119). EXP participants showed reduced but non-significant colonization rates. EXP and UC did not differ in household member transmission, contaminated surfaces, or patient-reported outcomes. This intervention did not reduce clinician-reported MRSA/MSSA SSTI recurrence. Taken together with other recent studies that employed more intensive decolonization protocols, it is possible that a promotora-delivered intervention instructing treatment for a longer or repetitive duration may be effective and should be examined by future studies.
Multiple Antioxidative and Bioactive Molecules of Oats (Avena sativa L.) in Human Health
Authors: Kim Il-Sup , Hwang Cher-Won , Yang Woong-Suk , Kim Cheorl-Ho
Published: September 2021

Oats (Avena sativa L.) are rich in protein, fiber, calcium, vitamins (B, C, E, and K), amino acids, and antioxidants (beta-carotene, polyphenols, chlorophyll, and flavonoids). β-glucan and avenanthramides improve the immune system, eliminate harmful substances from the body, reduce blood cholesterol, and help with dietary weight loss by enhancing the lipid profile and breaking down fat in the body. β-glucan regulates insulin secretion, preventing diabetes. Progladins also lower cholesterol levels, suppress the accumulation of triglycerides, reduce blood sugar levels, suppress inflammation, and improve skin health. Saponin-based avanacosidase and functional substances of flavone glycoside improve the immune function, control inflammation, and prevent infiltration in the skin. Moreover, lignin and phytoestrogen prevent hormone-related cancer and improve the quality of life of postmenopausal women. Sprouted oats are rich in saponarin in detoxifying the liver. The literatures have been reviewed and the recent concepts and prospects have been summarized with figures and tables. This review discusses recent trends in research on the functionality of oats rather than their nutritional value with individual immunity for self-medication. The oat and its acting components have been revisited for the future prospect and development of human healthy and functional sources.
Non-Contact Heart Rate Detection Based on Hand Vein Transillumination Imaging
Authors: Yang Shuqiang , Cheng Deqiang , Wang Jun , Qin Huafeng , Liu Yike
Published: September 2021

Vein recognition technology identifies human vein characteristics under near-infrared light and compares it with stored vein information for personal identification. Although this has high anti-counterfeiting performance, it is possible to fabricate artificial hands that simulate vein characteristics to deceive the identity authentication system. In view of this potential deficiency, we introduced heart rate information to vein authentication, a means of living body detection, which can further improve the anti-counterfeiting effect of vein authentication. A hand vein transillumination imaging experiment was designed to prove its effectiveness. In the proposed method, a near-infrared light source is used to transilluminate the hand, and the transillumination images are collected by a common camera. Then, the region of interest is selected for gray-scale image processing, the feature value of each frame is extracted by superimposing and averaging the images, and then the one-dimensional pulse wave is drawn. Furthermore, the baseline drift phenomenon is filtered by morphological methods, and the maximum percentage frequency is determined by Fast Fourier Transform, that is, the pulse wave frequency. The heart rate value is then calculated, and finally, the stability of the heart rate detection result is evaluated. The experiment shows that the method produces accurate and stable results, demonstrating that it can provide living information (heart rate value) for vein authentication, which has great application prospects and development opportunities in security systems.
Optimization Techniques for a Distributed In-Memory Computing Platform by Leveraging SSD
Authors: Choi June , Lee Jaehyun , Kim Jik-Soo , Lee Jaehwan
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we present several optimization strategies that can improve the overall performance of the distributed in-memory computing system, “Apache Spark”. Despite its distributed memory management capability for iterative jobs and intermediate data, Spark has a significant performance degradation problem when the available amount of main memory (DRAM, typically used for data caching) is limited. To address this problem, we leverage an SSD (solid-state drive) to supplement the lack of main memory bandwidth. Specifically, we present an effective optimization methodology for Apache Spark by collectively investigating the effects of changing the capacity fraction ratios of the shuffle and storage spaces in the “Spark JVM Heap Configuration” and applying different “RDD Caching Policies” (e.g., SSD-backed memory caching). Our extensive experimental results show that by utilizing the proposed optimization techniques, we can improve the overall performance by up to 42%.
Model Test Study on Stability Factors of Expansive Soil Slopes with Different Initial Slope Ratios under Freeze-Thaw Conditions
Authors: Yang Zhongnian , Lv Jianhang , Shi Wei , Zhang Qi , Lu Zhaochi , Zhang Yingying , Ling Xianzhang
Published: September 2021

Expansive soil is widely distributed in seasonally frozen areas worldwide. Due to the special expansion and shrinkage characteristics of expansive soil related to water content, there are potential engineering disasters in the subgrade and slope engineering. To investigate the physical and mechanical changes within the expansive soil slope, four freeze-thaw cycles tests were performed on expansive soil slope models in an environmental chamber with slope ratios 1:1.5, 1:1 and 1:0.5. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology is used to explain the pore changes in expansive soil during freezing and thawing. Model tests were carried out to monitor the changes in cracks, moisture content, temperature, displacement and soil pressure of the slope model. The results show an increase in the slope ratio may give rise to more intense temperature changes, promote the development of cracks in the model, and increase the temperature gradient and moisture migration rate during freezing and thawing. Following freeze-thaw cycling, the soil structure is destroyed and reassembled, and the soil pressure decreases as the slope ratio increases. Combined with the displacement of slope model and NMR test results, the slope can maintain a stable state after multiple freezing–thawing cycles under a specific moisture content ωs.
High-Performance Scaphoid Fracture Recognition via Effectiveness Assessment of Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Tung Yu-Cheng , Su Ja-Hwung , Liao Yi-Wen , Chang Ching-Di , Cheng Yu-Fan , Chang Wan-Ching , Chen Bo-Hong
Published: September 2021

Image recognition through the use of deep learning (DL) techniques has recently become a hot topic in many fields. Especially for bioimage informatics, DL-based image recognition has been successfully used in several applications, such as cancer and fracture detection. However, few previous studies have focused on detecting scaphoid fractures, and the related effectiveness is also not significant. Aimed at this issue, in this paper, we present a two-stage method for scaphoid fracture recognition by conducting an effectiveness analysis of numerous state-of-the-art artificial neural networks. In the first stage, the scaphoid bone is extracted from the radiograph using object detection techniques. Based on the object extracted, several convolutional neural networks (CNNs), with or without transfer learning, are utilized to recognize the segmented object. Finally, the analytical details on a real data set are given, in terms of various evaluation metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1-score, area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), kappa, and accuracy. The experimental results reveal that the CNNs with transfer learning are more effective than those without transfer learning. Moreover, DenseNet201 and ResNet101 are found to be more promising than the other methods, on average. According to the experimental results, DenseNet201 and ResNet101 can be recommended as considerable solutions for scaphoid fracture detection within a bioimage diagnostic system.
Non-Classic Atmospheric Optical Turbulence: Review
Authors: Korotkova Olga , Toselli Italo
Published: September 2021

Theoretical models and results of experimental campaigns relating to non-classic regimes occurring in atmospheric optical turbulence are overviewed. Non-classic turbulence may manifest itself through such phenomena as a varying power law of the refractive-index power spectrum, anisotropy, the presence of constant-temperature gradients and coherent structures. A brief historical introduction to the theories of optical turbulence, both classic and non-classic, is first presented. The effects of non-classic atmospheric turbulence on propagating light beams are then discussed, followed by the summary of results on measuring the non-classic turbulence, on its computer and in-lab simulations and its controlled synthesis. The general theory based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel method, capable of quantifying various effects of non-classic turbulence on propagating optical fields, including the increased light diffraction, beam profile deformations, etc., is then outlined. The review concludes by a summary of optical engineering applications that can be influenced by atmospheric non-classic turbulence, e.g., remote sensing, imaging and wireless optical communication systems. The review makes an accent on the results developed by the authors for the recent AFOSR MURI project on deep turbulence.
Frequency-Mixing Lasing Mode at European XFEL
Authors: Geloni Gianluca , Brinker Frank , Decking Winfried , Grünert Jan , Guetg Marc , Maltezopoulos Theophilos , Noelle Dirk , Serkez Svitozar , Tomin Sergey , Yurkov Mikhail , Schneidmiller Evgeny
Published: September 2021

We demonstrate generation of X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) pulses in frequency mixing mode at the SASE3 line of the European XFEL. The majority of the SASE3 FEL segments are tuned at two frequencies ω1 and ω2 following an alternate pattern. Leveraging on non-linearities generated through longitudinal dispersion in the system, we obtain electron bunching at a frequency difference ωFM=ω2−ω1. FEL amplification at ωFM follows in a few last radiator segments. We report on the generation of frequency mixing at photon energies between 500 eV and 1100 eV with pulse energies, depending on the length of the radiator, in the mJ level. This method allows generating low photon energies in cases where the FEL runs at high electron energy and the target photon energy cannot be reached in the main undulator, with the simple addition of a short, custom-made afterburner.
Preconditioning with Near-Infrared Irradiation to Enhance the Irreversible Electroporation Efficiency in HeLa Cells
Authors: Kim Hong Bae , Jeong Seung , Baik Ku Youn
Published: September 2021

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has gained attention for ablation owing to fewer side effects and fast recovery. However, a high current from the applied high voltage can cause muscle contraction. Adding cationic molecules has been introduced to lower electric field strengths and enhance IRE outcomes by inducing hyperpolarization across the cell plasma membrane. Near-infrared light (NIR) has recently been reported to induce hyperpolarization across membranes in a mode-dependent manner. In this study, we performed IRE in HeLa cells after exposure to 810 nm NIR irradiation. Preconditioning with NIR of 3 J/cm2 induced changes in membrane potential, resulting in approximately two times enhancement of apoptosis by IRE. The apoptotic signals were governed by the presence of BAX and p53 and were not related to excess oxidative stress. NIR has better spatial and temporal distribution control than chemicals and, therefore, can enhance the spatial selectivity and reduce the side effects of IRE treatment. These results can be used to enhance the clinical outcomes of IRE.
Privacy Preservation and Analytical Utility of E-Learning Data Mashups in the Web of Data
Authors: Rodriguez-Garcia Mercedes , Balderas Antonio , Dodero Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

Virtual learning environments contain valuable data about students that can be correlated and analyzed to optimize learning. Modern learning environments based on data mashups that collect and integrate data from multiple sources are relevant for learning analytics systems because they provide insights into students’ learning. However, data sets involved in mashups may contain personal information of sensitive nature that raises legitimate privacy concerns. Average privacy preservation methods are based on preemptive approaches that limit the published data in a mashup based on access control and authentication schemes. Such limitations may reduce the analytical utility of the data exposed to gain students’ learning insights. In order to reconcile utility and privacy preservation of published data, this research proposes a new data mashup protocol capable of merging and k-anonymizing data sets in cloud-based learning environments without jeopardizing the analytical utility of the information. The implementation of the protocol is based on linked data so that data sets involved in the mashups are semantically described, thereby enabling their combination with relevant educational data sources. The k-anonymized data sets returned by the protocol still retain essential information for supporting general data exploration and statistical analysis tasks. The analytical and empirical evaluation shows that the proposed protocol prevents individuals’ sensitive information from re-identifying.
Influence of Sulphate Attack on Properties of Modified Cement Composites
Authors: Yakovlev Grigoriy , Polyanskikh Irina , Gordina Anastasiya , Pudov Igor , Černý Vít , Gumenyuk Alexander , Smirnova Olga
Published: September 2021

Monitoring the condition of building structures based on composite materials in aggressive environments shows that the deterioration of basic properties occurs under the influence of various factors such as temperature and humidity changes, in addition to changes in the chemical composition of air environment. In addition, the composite materials during the operation must retain not only the mechanical properties laid down at the design stage, but also the electro-physical characteristics, regardless of the type of destructive effects. In the current study, the quantitative assessment of the result of the interaction of an aggressive sulphate-containing medium with composites modified with conductive and dielectric additives was carried out. The effect of sulphate attack on the specific electrical conductivity of cement composites was studied. The nature of the interaction was evaluated by changing the properties of the samples of the developed compositions under the influence of a single-normal solution of sodium sulphate. The analysis was carried out by means of potentiometric titration using the exchange interaction method by fixing the degree of absorption of sulphate ions and determining the concentration of calcium ions in the solution. The measurement of the solution potential allowed determination of the quantitative indicators of the rate of calcium hydroxide leaching from the sample structure, which is necessary to assess the intensity of the destruction process and determine the nature of the change in strength properties. Measurements of the electrical resistivity of samples under the constant influence of sulphate aggression were taken during 28 days of observation. A method for quantifying the effect of a sulphate medium on a cement matrix was proposed that enables the material durability to be predicted. The features of changes in the morphology of structural components after exposure to aggressive solution were determined by physical and chemical methods.