bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of ultrasonographic fetal cardiac morphometry and functions in the third trimester of pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Duygulu Dilara , Mutlu Sütcüoğlu Bengü , Turgut Ezgi , Özdemir Halis , Karçaaltıncaba Deniz
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aimed to compare cardiac morphological and functional changes in fetuses of patients with diet‐regulated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM‐A1), insulin‐regulated GDM (GDM‐A2), and a control group.

Method

A prospective cohort study included pregnant women aged 18–40 years with singleton pregnancies. Fetal biometric, cardiac morphological, and functional measurements were recorded using Z‐scores at 34–37 weeks of gestation.

Results

The study included 87 patients. Both right and left ventricular wall thicknesses were significantly different between the three groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Z‐scores of the mitral valve, left and right EDD were significantly lower in GDM‐A1 and GDM‐A2 groups compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Right and left ventricular areas were decreased only in GDM‐A2 group compared to the control group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). MPI and IVRT values were also significantly higher in the same groups (p = 0.016, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

Gestational diabetes increased IVS and ventricular wall thicknesses in both right and left ventricles, irrespective of whether it was controlled by diet or insulin. Cardiac functional changes were observed in the GDM‐A2 group.
Removal of nutrients from aquaculture wastewater using cattail (Typha spp.) constructed wetlands
Authors: Blandford Nicholas C. , McCorquodale‐Bauer Kenton , Grosshans Richard , Hardy Bruce , Cicek Nazim , Palace Vince
Published: August 2024

The aquaculture industry is among the fastest growing food production sectors in the world. Land‐based aquaculture systems continue to increase in popularity as they offer the benefits of controlling diseases, managing water quality, and minimizing threats to wild populations of fish. However, these systems discharge wastewater high in N and P. The ability of cattail (Typha spp.) constructed wetlands (CWs) to remove N and P from aquaculture wastewater (AWW) was examined here. Cattail CWs were established in mesocosms and had a gradient of AWW applied weekly for a total of 5 weeks. Total N and P loadings ranged from 13.7 to 209.2 mg m−2 and 3.01 to 45.97 mg m−2 over 28 days, respectively. Additions of AWW did not cause elevations in total dissolved N, total ammonia N, or nitrite N in CW water; however, concentrations of nitrate N and P in CW water were related to nutrient loading conditions. Elevations in P persisted for 3–4 weeks among high nutrient loading treatments, providing an opportunity for eutrophic conditions to develop in CW systems. However, after 33 days of treatment, >95% total P concentration reduction was achieved in all mesocosms with final concentrations <0.05 mg L−1, equivalent to reference conditions. High‐loading treatments achieved greater P load reduction (856.8–955.0 mg m−2 year−1) than low‐loading and reference treatments (591.7–792.7 mg m−2 year−1). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of cattail CWs to remove nutrients during AWW treatment and highlights the potential for end‐of‐season use in northern climates, providing insights regarding the operational timeline of such systems.
The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at the Great Basin
Authors: Clark Patrick E. , Woodruff Craig D. , Hedrick Andrew R. , Hardegree Stuart P. , Flerchinger Gerald N.
Published: August 2024

The Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network, through its Common Experiment (CE) framework, contrasts prevailing and alternative agricultural practices for efficacy and sustainability within the indicator domains of environment, productivity, economics, and society. Invasive species, wildfire, and climate change are principal threats to Great Basin agroecosystems. Prescribed grazing may be an effective tool for restoring lands degraded by these disturbances. At the Great Basin (GB) LTAR site headquartered in Boise, ID, our contribution to the CE contrasts a prevailing (PRV), cattle grazing practice of fixed moderate stocking and duration with an alternative (ALT), prescribed grazing practice called high‐intensity low‐frequency (HILF) grazing where stocking and duration are tailored to suppress invasive annual grass competition with native or desirable plant species and thus promote recovery of rangelands degraded by annual grass invasion and recurrent wildfire. Preliminary results indicate cheatgrass density and fuel height have been reduced in ALT‐treated paddocks compared to PRV paddocks. Since its inception in 2014, our GB CE has been a research co‐production effort among ranchers, public land managers, and researchers. Future directions for this research will center on expanding the experiment to multiple study areas to better address the scope of the annual grass/wildfire problem. We expect this research will lead to effective and sustainable grazing practices for restoring >41 million hectares of degraded rangelands in the Great Basin and other areas of the western United States.
Variations in fluorescence properties of humic acids from calcareous soils amended with different swine manures in a long‐term soil experiment
Authors: Mohammed Ibrahim , Kudaolu Busayo , Audette Yuki , Longstaffe James G.
Published: August 2024

Molecular properties of soil humic acid (HA) can play an important role in the mechanisms regulating plant nutrient availability. This study explores how the structure of HA is altered by long‐term treatment with different forms of swine manure and how these changes may influence nutrient availability. Liquid swine manure (LSM), solid swine manure (SSM), and swine manure compost (SMC) were applied to a calcareous soil over 17 years in a long‐term soil fertility study. HA was extracted from site soil samples and analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopic techniques, including a Cu2+ quenching experiment, in order to assess differences in the structure and functionality of the soil organic matter (SOM) resulting from these different treatments. Emission spectra of the SSM‐HA and SMC‐HA are similar, while the LSM‐HA is distinct. Procedures such as parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) decomposition of emission–excitation matrices showed that structures in the SSM‐HA and SMC‐HA samples have lower complexity, whereas the structures of LSM‐HA are of higher complexity. Interactions with Cu2+ at different pH levels indicate that the LSM‐HA shows more dynamic conformational changes as well as stronger interactions and higher quenching efficiency compared to the other treatments. Conversely, SMC‐HA demonstrates relatively stable binding constant (Ka) values across different pH levels. The binding constants and quenching efficiency of SSM‐HA are significantly affected by changes in pH. This study shows distinct structural characteristics of HA formed under different manure management systems and provides valuable insights into how these variations may impact nutrient dynamics in soils.
Diagnosis of isolated hilar‐/extrahepatic‐type IgG‐4‐related sclerosing cholangitis can be increased by improved recognition of this condition—A Japanese multicenter analysis
Authors: Kubota Kensuke , Iwasaki Eisuke , Ishikawa Takuya , Kuwatani Masaki , Takenaka Mamoru , Iwashita Takuji , Masuda Atsuhiro , Ikeura Tsukasa , Nakamura Akira , Tanaka Atsushi , Isayama Hiroyuki , Hirooka Yoshiki , Hirano Kenji , Ryozawa Shomei , Ogura Takeshi , Fujisawa Toshio , Kurita Yusuke , Kikuta Kazuhiro , Hayashi Nobuhiko , Masamune Atsushi , Yasuda Ichiro
Published: August 2024

Background

Patients with isolated IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4‐SC) often undergo unnecessary resection. The aim of this study was to validate the revised Japanese diagnostic criteria for isolated IgG‐4‐SC and to improve awareness about this condition in the population.

Methods

This was a Japanese retrospective multicenter study. We focused on the data and diagnostic yield obtained using the Japanese diagnostic criteria published initially in 2012 and revised later in 2020 for the diagnosis of isolated IgG4‐SC.

Results

Patients with isolated IgG4‐SC could be classified into two groups based on the primary location of the lesion: the hilar type (n = 40) and the extrahepatic type (n = 13). In total, 10 patients with the hilar type had undergone unnecessary resection. The revised 2020 criteria are useful for the diagnosis of extrahepatic lesions, which are not included in the 2012 criteria. The need for a steroid trial was reduced from 37.7% when the diagnosis was based on the 2012 criteria to 7.6% when the diagnosis was based on the revised 2020 criteria. The diagnostic specificity also improved from 58.5% for the 2012 criteria to 88.7% for the revised 2020 criteria.

Conclusion

Our validation of the 2020 criteria for the diagnosis of IgG4‐SC could contribute to avoiding unnecessary resection in patients with isolated IgG4‐SC, which can be classified into the hilar and extrahepatic types. The 2020 criteria can enhance the diagnosis rate of isolated IgG4‐SC and uncover this tough‐to‐diagnose entity based on inclusion of the imaging findings and decrease the dependence on a steroid trial.
The gender and sex data gap in anterior cruciate ligament injuries in paediatric patients
Authors: Engebretsen Lars , Møller Merete , Kooy Caroline , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Moatshe Gilbert
Published: August 2024

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a concerning problem in the paediatric population, impacting joint health and longevity. Moreover, ACL injury hampers physical activity, which is important for children's social network and general well‐being. Recent data demonstrates a rise in paediatric ACL reconstructions, affecting both girls and boys. However, it is unclear whether this rise reflects a higher injury rate or a more proactive approach towards surgery, as information on nonoperated patients is lacking. Regarding gender differences, increasing evidence implies that girls engaged in pivoting sports experience a higher incidence of ACL injuries and reinjuries compared to boys. Furthermore, data suggest that girls have inferior outcomes and lower return‐to‐sport rates than boys. The social context in which girls compete in sports is likely a significant contributing factor to the risk of serious knee injuries. Lack of attention and insufficient data on gender‐based differences in ACL injuries, outcomes and evidence‐based treatment guidelines highlight the need for further research on this topic.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Weight‐bearing pain and implant migration, progressive radiolucencies, radiolucency more than 2 mm and subsidence on radiographs and CT are generally accepted criteria for knee arthroplasty loosening: An international Delphi consensus study
Authors: Buijs George S. , Kievit Arthur J. , Schafroth Matthias U. , Hirschmann Michael T. , Blankevoort Leendert ,   International Consensus Panel
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Establishing the diagnosis of loosening in total or unicondylar knee arthroplasty remains a challenge with different clinical and radiological signs evaluated in study designs with high risk of bias, where few or incomplete criteria are formulated for establishing the diagnosis of implant loosening. This study aimed at evaluating the variability between different clinical and radiological criteria and establish a consensus regarding clinical and radiological criteria for the diagnosis of knee arthroplasty loosening.

Methods

Highly specialized knee surgeons focusing on revision arthroplasty were invited to take part in an international panel for a Delphi consensus study. In the first round, the participants were asked to state their most important clinical and radiological criteria for implant loosening. In a second round, the panel's agreement with the collected criteria was rated on a 5‐point Likert scale (1–5). High variability was defined by receiving at least one score each indicating complete disagreement and complete agreement. Consensus was established when over 70% of participants rated a criterion as ‘fully agree’ (5) or ‘mostly agree’ (4).

Results

High variability was observed in 56% of clinical criteria and 38% of radiological criteria. A consensus was reached on one clinical (weight‐bearing pain [82%]) and four radiological criteria, that is, implant migration, progressive radiolucencies, subsidence and radiolucencies >2 mm on X‐ray or computed tomography (CT) (84%–100%).

Conclusion

Amongst specialized knee revision surgeons, there is high variability in clinical and radiological criteria that are seen as important contributing factors to diagnosis of knee implant loosening. A consensus was reached on weight‐bearing pain as clinical criterion and on implant migration, progressive radiolucencies, subsidence and radiolucencies of more than 2 mm on X‐ray or CT as radiological criteria. The variability rates observed, along with the criteria that reached consensus, offer important insights for the standardization of diagnostic protocols.

Level of evidence

Level V.
The effectiveness of quadrupled semitendinosus graft technique in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A network meta‐analysis assessing various graft preparation techniques
Authors: Malesa Kamila , Tramś Ewa , Kuliński Krzysztof , Kamiński Rafał
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to perform a network meta‐analysis of hamstring graft preparation techniques to enhance anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction guidelines and inform clinical decision‐making in patients with primary ACL rupture.

Methods

A review of the literature, from 1 January 1990, to 31 August 2023, was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, focusing on the clinical outcomes of various hamstring graft preparation techniques. Forty‐six studies (over 4800 knees) were analysed. Eight graft compositions: doubled hamstring (ST/G)—1978 grafts, doubled hamstring with augmentation (ST/G+A)—586 grafts, tripled semitendinosus (3ST)—124 grafts, quadrupled semitendinosus (4ST)—1273 grafts, five‐strand tripled semitendinosus + doubled gracilis (3ST/2GR—839 grafts, six‐strand tripled semitendinosus + tripled gracilis (3ST/3GR)—335 grafts, seven‐strand quadrupled semitendinosus + tripled gracilis (4ST/3GR)—11 grafts and ≥eight strands—24 grafts were compared, considering graft sizes, laxity, muscle strength, range‐of‐motion, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), return to sport (RTS) and adverse events.

Results

The 4ST grafts fared better than the ST/G grafts in the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Sport, KOOS Q and RTS (mean difference [MD], −1.69; p = 0.0159; MD, −1.55; p = 0.0325; MD, −1.93; p = 0.001; odds ratio: 3.13; p < 0.0001). The IKDC differed significantly between the 4ST and ST/G+A groups (MD, 1.88; p = 0.046). The ST/G+A resulted in the lowest knee laxity, surpassing the ST/G, 3ST and 4ST. The ST/G had the smallest diameter (ST/G vs. ST/G+A: MD, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–1.86, p < 0.0001). Reduced failure rates were noted with the 3ST/2GR (3ST/2GR vs. ST/G: MD, 6.93; p = 0.009) and 3ST/3GR (3ST/3GR vs. ST/G: MD, 53.64; p = 0.006).

Conclusion

The ideal hamstring graft for ACLR should be individualized. A 4ST graft is likely to yield good PROMs. For high stability and rapid RTS, adding augmentation to the graft is advisable. The ST/G is the thinnest graft possible.

Level of Evidence

Network meta‐analysis of level I–III studies.
Defining clinically relevant outcome thresholds for pain and function after osteochondral autograft transplantation of the knee
Authors: Kunze Kyle N. , Varady Nathan H. , Khorana Arjun , Rodeo Scott A. , Warren Russell F. , Wickiewicz Thomas L. , Williams Riley J.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To define the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for measures of pain and function at 2, 5 and 10 years after osteochondral autograft transplantations (OATs).

Methods

Patients undergoing OATs of the knee were identified from a prospectively maintained cartilage surgery registry. Baseline demographic, injury and surgical factors were collected. Patient‐reported outcome scores (PROMs) were collected at baseline, 2‐, 5‐ and 10‐year follow‐up, including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS‐ADLS), Marx activity scale and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain. The MCIDs were quantified for each metric utilizing a distribution‐based method equivalent to one‐half the standard deviation of the mean change in outcome score. The percentage of patients achieving MCID as a function of time was assessed.

Results

Of 63 consecutive patients who underwent OATs, 47 (74.6%) patients were eligible for follow‐up (surgical date before October 2021) and had fully completed preoperative PROMs. A total of 39 patients (83%) were available for a minimum 2‐year follow‐up, with a mean (±standard deviation) follow‐up of 5.8 ± 3.4 years. The MCIDs were determined to be 9.3 for IKDC, 2.5 for Marx, 7.4 for KOS‐ADLS and 12.9 for pain. At 2 years, 78.1% of patients achieved MCID for IKDC, 77.8% for Marx, 75% for KOS‐ADLS and 57.9% for pain. These results were generally maintained through 10‐year follow‐ups, with 75% of patients achieving MCID for IKDC, 80% for Marx, 80% for KOS‐ADLS and 69.8% for pain.

Conclusions

The majority of patients achieved a clinically relevant outcome improvement after OATs of the knee, with results sustained through 10‐year follow‐up. Patients who experience clinically relevant outcome improvement after OATs in the short term continue to experience sustained benefits at longer‐term follow‐up. These data provide valuable prognostic information when discussing patient candidacy and the expected trajectory of recovery.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Females demonstrate lower levels of activity, psychological readiness and strength symmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction than males, and also recovery of quadriceps strength and hop symmetry is delayed in females undergoing reconstruction with a quadriceps tendon autograft
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Calvert Nicholas D. , Radic Ross
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To investigate sex‐based recovery differences in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with a hamstring (HT) or quadriceps (QT) tendon autograft.

Methods

This study included 97 patients, including 50 females (HT = 25, QT = 25) and 47 males (HT = 24, QT = 23), assessed presurgery and at 12‐ and 24‐month postoperatively via surveys, laxity, isokinetic knee extensor and flexor torque and a 6‐hop performance battery. Limb symmetry indices (LSIs) were calculated. Outcomes were compared between males and females, as well as within each graft type.

Results

Males reported significantly higher Tegner scores at 12 (p = 0.029) and 24 (p = 0.031) months, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury scores at 12 (p = 0.009) and 24 (p = 0.010) months, and a significantly higher lateral hop LSI at 12 (p = 0.045) months, knee extensor torque LSI at 12 (p = 0.020) months, and knee flexor torque LSI at 12 (p = 0.001) and 24 (p = 0.039) months. Females undergoing ACLR with a QT (vs. HT) graft demonstrated a lower knee extensor torque LSI at 12 (p = 0.006) months, a lower lateral hop LSI at 12 (p = 0.038) months, and a lower medial hop LSI at 12 (p = 0.042) months.

Conclusions

Females reported less activity and psychological readiness, as well as strength symmetry. Furthermore, the recovery of quadriceps strength and hop symmetry was delayed in females (vs. males) undergoing ACLR with a QT graft. A better understanding of these differences will assist in counselling on expectations, determining the most appropriate graft construct and permitting more targeted rehabilitation.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Highly Efficient Utilization of High‐Energy Excitons in Multilayer WSe2 for Self‐Powered Ultraviolet Photodetector With Near‐Unity External Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Yan Chuxin , Li Yuanzheng , Li Rui , Ma Rongjian , Li Jixiu , Xin Wei , Liu Weizhen , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun
Published: August 2024

High‐energy excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), resulting from intrinsic van Hove singularities in the density of states, demonstrate strong ultraviolet light absorption capacity and significant potential for the development of high‐performance ultraviolet photovoltaic devices. Nevertheless, only a limited fraction of carriers from high‐energy excitons can be effectively utilized due to unique parallel band structures and unfavorable recombination processes. To efficiently exploit the high‐energy excitons, a two‐terminal photodetector based on multilayer WSe2 with a unilateral Schottky junction is designed. Benefiting from the strong built‐in electric field, a superior responsivity of 286 mA W−1 and near‐unity external‐quantum‐efficiency (EQE) of 98% is achieved at 360 nm. Transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that the high EQE is attributed to the efficient separation and transfer of high‐energy excitons achieved by the strong built‐in electric field, thus circumventing unfavorable recombination processes and enabling highly efficient utilization of high‐energy excitons. This work provides an effective strategy for constructing high‐performance and low‐power consumption ultraviolet photodetectors.
Infrared Absorber Miniaturization: Exceptional Optical Phase Shift Induced by Ultrahigh Refractive Index Artificial Films
Authors: Chen Zhilin , Jiang Yuxin , Xiong Hui , Xin Ruochen , Ding Wenjing , Gao Junhua , Cao Hongtao
Published: August 2024

Fabry‐Pérot (FP) photonic absorbers have demonstrated their subwavelength thickness and integration convenience. However, without introducing abnormal phase shifts, it is hard to further miniaturize the FP absorbers. Herein, based on perfect optical phase‐matching, planar FP infrared (IR) absorbers can be more significantly thinned via ultrahigh refractive index (RI) artificial films, breaking the conventional quarter‐wavelength cavity limitation. Specifically, an ultrahigh RI (≈6.0) Ag nanowire‐Si metamaterial dielectric‐cavity covered by a giant RI (≈11.0) bismuth‐based absorbing layer is proposed to induce exceptional propagation phase accumulation and reflection phase shift. The resultant 155 nm FP absorber (not including the mirror layer) can support a resonance absorption at ≈4.4 µm. After vertically stacking, double‐cavity absorbers (below 310 nm) with multi‐resonant features are achieved, yielding broadband absorption from 1.4 to 14.4 µm. In addition, the whole FP absorbers are fabricated only through a sputtering process without any other procedures. In terms of optical phase management and refractive index engineering, this work creates a novel miniaturization scheme for FP infrared absorbers, offering a lot of opportunities applied in advanced nanophotonics.
Social comparison theory: A review and future directions
Authors: Caliskan Ferhat , Idug Yavuz , Uvet Hasan , Gligor Nichole , Kayaalp Alper
Published: August 2024

Social comparison theory provides valuable insights into how individuals assess themselves by comparing various facets of their lives to others. This theory offers a framework that helps in understanding the motivations behind self‐evaluation and improvement, as well as shaping consumer behaviors. The extensive body of research related to the theory has resulted in numerous publications across various domains, hindering a comprehensive overview of the research field and constraining its progress. Our multi‐disciplinary study addresses the fragmented scholarly landscape through a hierarchical bibliometric analysis, unveiling key authors, themes, and connections, and emphasizing its current state and future potential, particularly in the marketing domain. Our research indicates that interest in social comparison theory has surged, driven by social media's impact on body image and self‐esteem. Our findings also highlight the significance of themes such as body image, envy, social media, motivation, and life satisfaction, revealing the multifaceted expansion of the theory across various fields.
Humanlike service robots: A systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Zhang Wenzhen , Slade Emma L. , Pantano Eleonora
Published: August 2024

Humanlike robots are increasingly employed to provide frontline services. They are frequently designed with stereotypically feminine or masculine humanlike features which affect or bias consumer behavior in service encounters. This systematic review of 118 peer‐reviewed journal papers aims to comprehensively capture the current status of the field and identify important research gaps requiring further investigation. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses protocol, a comprehensive framework is developed to conceptualize the process of customer interactions with humanlike service robots, depicting how humanlike service robots influence consumer behavior. Specifically, we identify interaction antecedents, consumer processing factors, outcomes of the interactions, and strengthening/attenuating factors. Based on the framework, the review concludes by identifying issues that future research should seek to solve to contribute to the field. This paper provides a deep understanding of service robot anthropomorphism in marketing and consumer research and proposes a future research agenda to advance knowledge of the field.
I am not an animal: How animal metaphors backfire in product advertising
Authors: Huang Wen‐Hsien
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the effect of animal metaphors in product advertisements. Such ads, especially those for health products, often employ metaphors depicting the ad messengers with animal characteristics to imply the negative health consequences of not using a product. Four studies are carried out using field and experimental data. The findings show that animal metaphor ads are less persuasive than nonmetaphor ads because the viewers of ads with animal‐like (as opposed to human) messengers experience stronger perceived self‐dehumanization, which in turn has a negative effect on product choice, brand attitude, product evaluation, and purchase intention. This effect occurs regardless of whether the animal metaphors are presented visually or verbally. Furthermore, the unfavorable reaction is stronger when the source domain includes a more disliked animal. However, it is also found that the animal metaphor effect diminishes when the target domain shifts from human to object. The findings shed light on how a sense of self‐dehumanization, triggered by the use of animalized model images in advertisements, can harm brands and products, offering insights into the pitfalls of using animal metaphors in health communication.
Investigating the Effect of Chain Extender on the Phase Separation and Mechanical Properties of Polybutadiene‐Based Polyurethane
Authors: Niu Zhihao , Wang Yimin , Wang Xin , Yin Dexian , Shou Tao , Cao Pengfei , Zhao Xiuying , Hu Shikai , Zhang Liqun
Published: August 2024

The thermodynamic incompatibility between the soft and hard segments of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) results in a microphase‐separated behavior and excellent mechanical properties. However, the effect of the chain extender on the degree of microphase separation (DMS) and the resultant mechanical properties of TPU have not been well studied because of the complex interactions between the soft and hard segments. Herein, hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene‐based TPUs(HTPB‐TPUs) without hydrogen bonding between the soft and hard segments are synthesized using hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene, toluene diisocyanate, and four different chain extenders, and the effect of the chain extender structure on DMS is analyzed experimentally using a combination of analytical techniques. Furthermore, the solubility parameters of the soft and hard segments, glass transition temperatures, and hydrogen‐bond density of the HTPB‐TPUs, are computed using all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations. The results clearly reveal that the chain extender significantly affects the DMS and thus the mechanical properties of HTPB‐TPUs. This study paves the way for studying the relationship between the structure and properties of TPU.
Electron Transporting Polymeric Materials with Partial Quaternization for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lei Hongliang , Yu Fengyi , Chen Chen , Li Yulu , Hu Dingqin , Chen Yao , Tian Gengsui , Liu Lei , Yang Ke , Xiao Zeyun
Published: August 2024

Efficient cathode interfacial layers (CILs) have become a crucial component of organic solar cells (OSCs). Charge extraction barriers, interfacial trap states, and significant transport resistance may be induced due to the unfavorable cathode interlayer, limiting the device performance. In this study, poly(4‐vinylpyridine) is used as the CIL for OSCs, and a new type of CIL named P4VP‐I is synthesized through the quaternization strategy. Compared to P4VP, P4VP‐I CIL exhibits enhanced conductivity and optimized work function. OSCs employing the P4VP‐I ETL demonstrate prolonged carrier lifetime, suppressed charge recombination, and achieve higher power conversion efficiencies (PCE) than the commonly used ETLs such as PFN‐Br and Phen‐NaDPO.
Campaigning to Gen Z
Authors: Wich Scott
Published: August 2024

When it comes to union prevention strategies, frequently the focus is on just that: strategies and tools to communicate union‐free messaging. As regular readers of Management Report will agree, an essential part of this approach is the element of communication. Communication, in turn, requires an understanding of your audience. After all, talking without accounting for the perspective of the listener becomes largely just noise. Therefore, this month, we focus on communicating a union‐free message to the newest generation in the workforce: Gen Z.
CDC: Some improvement in teen MH, more work needed
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: August 2024

Although there have been improvements in mental health‐related issues among teens in the U.S., much work remains, suggests the new report released on Aug. 6 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The data also highlights worsening trends in protective sexual behaviors, experiences of violence, persistent sadness or hopelessness, and suicidal thoughts and behavior.
Existence results for the generalized Riemann–Liouville type fractional Fisher‐like equation on the half‐line
Authors: Nyamoradi Nemat , Ahmad Bashir
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we discuss the existence of multiplicity of positive solutions to a new generalized Riemann–Liouville type fractional Fisher‐like equation on a semi‐infinite interval equipped with nonlocal multipoint boundary conditions involving Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative and integral operators. The existence of at least two positive solutions for the given problem is established by using the concept of complete continuity and iterative positive solutions. We show the existence of at least three positive solutions to the problem at hand by applying the generalized Leggett–Williams fixed‐point theorem due to Bai and Ge [Z. Bai, B. Ge, Existence of three positive solutions for some second‐order boundary value problems, Comput. Math. Appl. 48 (2014) 699‐70]. Illustrative examples are constructed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the main results. It has also been indicated in Section 5 that some new results appear as special cases by choosing the parameters involved in the given problem appropriately.
Developing an 8‐Week, Tele‐Education Weight Control and Exercise Programme, and Evaluating Its Effects on Weight and Pain Reduction in Patients With Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double‐Blinded Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Khazaei Reyhaneh , Maleklou Faezeh , Bodaghabadi Zahra , Tavana Mohammad Mahdi , Kluzek Stefan , Sharafi Sayedeh Elham , Feshki Mojtaba Shiri , Alizadeh Zahra
Published: August 2024

Background

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability among the elderly and is often exacerbated by obesity. Research supports weight loss and exercise therapy as key strategies for managing knee OA‐related disability. Concurrently, telemedicine is becoming a popular healthcare approach. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an 8‐week tele‐education programme's impact on weight control and knee OA outcomes.

Methods/Design

Participants with knee OA and obesity were included. Baseline data on pain (VAS index), physical activity (GPAQ questionnaire), and quality of life (EQ5D and KOOS questionnaires) were collected. Performance tests, including the 30‐second Chair Stand test (30CST) and the Timed Up‐and‐Go test (TUG), were recorded. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: a control group receiving oral advice on diet and exercise, and an intervention group receiving educational videos on nutrition, lifestyle changes, physical activity, individualised exercises, and psychosocial support. Evaluations were repeated after 8 weeks.

Results

Data from 25 of 30 participants were analysed. In the intervention group, body composition, waist, and abdominal circumference decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The KOOS questionnaire showed significant improvements in pain, activity, and daily tasks (p = 0.00). The EQ5D questionnaire and health satisfaction also showed positive results within the intervention group (p = 0.00) and between groups (p = 0.008). The pain index improved significantly within (p = 0.00) and between groups (p = 0.02). Functional test results were significant within the intervention group (p = 0.00) and between groups (p = 0.017 for 30CST and p = 0.004 for TUG).

Conclusion

An 8‐week tele‐education programme for weight control and exercise therapy in knee OA patients significantly improved body composition, quality of life, and functional performance. Given the costs of obesity and knee OA on both people and the health system, tele‐education can be a cost‐effective treatment strategy.
Photopharmacological modulation of hippocampal local field potential by caged‐glutamate with MicroLED probe
Authors: Okada Shogo , Ohkawa Noriaki , Moriya Kazuki , Saitoh Yoshito , Ishikawa Mikiko , Oya Kakeru , Nishikawa Atsushi , Sekiguchi Hiroto
Published: August 2024

Aim

Photopharmacology is a new technique for modulating biological phenomena through the photoconversion of substances in a specific target region at precise times. Caged compounds are thought to be compatible with photopharmacology as uncaged ligands are released and function in a light irradiation‐dependent manner. Here, we investigated whether a microscale light‐emitting diode (MicroLED) probe is applicable for the photoconversion of caged‐glutamate (caged‐Glu) in vivo.

Methods

A needle‐shaped MicroLED probe was fabricated and inserted into the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) with a cannula for drug injection and a recording electrode for measuring the local field potential (LFP). Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) or caged‐Glu was infused into the DG and illuminated with light from a MicroLED probe.

Results

In the caged‐Glu‐injected DG, the LFP changed in the 10–20 Hz frequency ranges after light illumination, whereas there was no change in the ACSF control condition.

Conclusion

The MicroLED probe is applicable for photopharmacological experiments to modulate LFP with caged‐Glu in vivo.
Error estimates of exponential wave integrators for the Dirac equation in the massless and nonrelativistic regime
Authors: Ma Ying , Chen Lizhen
Published: August 2024

We present exponential wave integrator Fourier pseudospectral (EWI‐FP) methods and establish their error estimates of the fully discrete schemes for the Dirac equation in the massless and nonrelativistic regime. This regime involves a small dimensionless parameter where , and is inversely proportional to the speed of light. The solution exhibits highly oscillatory behavior in time and rapid wave propagation in space in this regime. Specifically, the time oscillations have a wavelength of , while the spatial oscillations have a wavelength of , with a wave speed of . We employ (symmetric) exponential wave integrators for temporal derivatives and Fourier spectral discretization for spatial derivatives. We rigorously derive the error bounds which explicitly depend on the mesh size , the time step and the small dimensionless parameter . The error estimates for the EWI‐FP methods demonstrate that their meshing strategy requirement (‐scalability) necessitates setting and when . Finally, some numerical examples are provided to validate the error bounds.
Model predictive control with thermal constraints for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle based on speed prediction
Authors: Fu Jiangtao , Fan Bo , Fu Zhumu , Song Shuzhong
Published: August 2024

Because of the soft dynamic performance of the fuel cell stack, the battery is usually integrated in the power system in fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles. In this article, a real time energy management strategy considering thermal constraints based on speed prediction with neuron network is proposed. The main principle of the proposed control strategy is to get the future power requirement with model predictive control based on the historic speed information, then optimize the objective, function according to the state variables. The objective function is set to minimize the equivalent fuel consumption of the vehicle and extend the life span of the fuel cell stack based on thermal constraints. Contrasting with the control strategy without thermal constraints under the World Light Vehicle Test Cycle driving cycle, the proposed energy management is 0.9% higher, but the temperature of the fuel cell stack and the battery can be limited within an appropriate range. The total equivalent fuel consumption is 3.9% lower than dynamic programming control strategy, which proves the availability of the proposed control strategy can reduce the equivalent fuel consumption while prolonging the fuel cell stack life span. Hardware in loop (HIL) experiment is implemented to testify the real time application of the proposed control strategy.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Management Options for Empty Nose Syndrome: A Proposed Management Algorithm
Authors: Hussain Salman , Hayat Jafar , Almhanedi Hamad , Alherz Mohammad , Ebrahim Mahmoud , Lari Ali , Thamboo Andrew
Published: August 2024

Objective

Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is an acquired condition characterized by paradoxical nasal obstruction and sensation of nasal dryness often accompanied by psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety, typically occurring after the loss of inferior turbinate tissue or volume in the setting of prior sinonasal surgery. This review aims to identify and evaluate the reported management options.

Data Sources

PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Review Methods

The terms “empty nose syndrome” OR “atrophic rhinitis” were used in a systematic search of original articles since the year 1990, yielding 1432 individual studies. These were screened on the Covidence platform for inclusion if any intervention was reported for the treatment of ENS. A pooled analysis of standardized mean differences (SMDs) combined with a random effects model was employed to report outcomes in Empty Nose 6‐Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q), Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT), anxiety, and depression scores.

Results

A total of 35 articles were included, comprising 957 individual ENS patients. Surgical interventions mostly in the form of meatus augmentation implants accounted for 26 out of the 36 articles. The remaining ten articles included medical and psychological management options. SMD in SNOT, ENS6Q, anxiety, and depression scores were reported and demonstrated statistically significant improvements in follow‐up periods of up to 1 year. All articles reported favorable outcomes following their chosen interventions.

Conclusion

There is a paucity of evidence on the management of ENS and an absence of randomized controlled trials. Surgical intervention appears to be the current mainstay of treatment, but there is a potential role for psychological and medical management.
Virtually Augmented Surgical Navigation in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Simulation Training: A Prospective Trial of Repeated Measures
Authors: Latour Mackenzie , Alvarez Ivan , Knackstedt Mark , Yim Michael
Published: August 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to explore the educational utility of virtually augmented surgical navigation (VASN) in simulation training for endoscopic sinus surgery.

Study Design

Prospective trial using within‐subjects design.

Setting

Single academic institution.

Methods

Otolaryngology trainees (n = 15) were enrolled in a prospective trial of repeated measures. Participants performed unilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) on a 3‐dimensional‐printed sinus model without instruction. Participants then underwent educational intervention incorporating VASN tools—featuring anatomic overlay delineations, virtual planning points, proximity alerts, digital measurements, as well as artificial intelligence‐generated endoscopic viewpoints. With the VASN tools activated, participants then performed FESS on the contralateral side of the model. Primary outcomes of interest included number of major complications, time to complete anterior fess, steps completed, and technical skills score. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe participant characteristics and bivariate analysis were used to evaluate differences in subjective and objective outcome measures.

Results

A majority (93%) of residents strongly agreed that simulation intervention improved their confidence in surgical skills related to FESS. Complications decreased from 13 instances to 3 following interventions. Initial technical skills score of 45.2 increased to 54.4 postintervention (P < .0001) and global score also improved by 4.6 points on average (P < .001). Time to anterior FESS decreased from 1356 to 915 seconds (P = .006) and average number of completed surgical steps increased from 3.3 to 4.6 (P < .001).

Conclusion

This simulation study contributes to growing evidence supporting utility of advanced technology in surgical education. Results suggest that VASN serves as a beneficial adjunct in FESS simulation training.
Changes in glomerular filtration rate in patients with body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 treated with metabolic and bariatric surgery versus GLP‐1 agonist at 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Henao‐Carrillo Diana Cristina , Jurado‐Florez Mayra Alejandra , Muñoz Óscar Mauricio
Published: August 2024

Background

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) reduces glomerular hyperfiltration. The renoprotective effects of GLP‐1 analogs were derived from clinical studies in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over time associated with weight loss in patients with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 treated with liraglutide compared with patients treated with MBS.

Methods

A longitudinal study derived from a retrospective cohort of patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 treated with either MBS or liraglutide 3 mg/day, with follow‐up ≥1 year. Clinical variables, baseline GFR, and 1‐year GFR were analyzed. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to compare changes in GFR between both groups while controlling for confounding variables.

Results

A total of 159 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 129 patients underwent MBS (median age 60.5 years [IQR 51.8–66.6], body mass index (BMI) 40.9 kg/m2 [IQR 0.68–0.89]), and 30 patients were treated with liraglutide (median age 56 years [IQR 46–62], BMI 37.4 kg/m2 [IQR 0.69–0.93]). No difference in baseline GFR or at 12 months of follow‐up was found between the two interventions. GEE analysis revealed an increase of 0.32 mL/min/1.73 m2 per month of follow‐up. Factors associated with a greater increase in GFR were the percentage total weight loss (%TWL) (0.12 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.023) and baseline GFR (0.69 mL/min/1.73 m2, p > 0.001) for both interventions, independent of a history of T2D.

Conclusion

In patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, changes in GFR are related to %TWL and baseline GFR, regardless of the presence of diabetes or the type of intervention used.
Evaluation of socioecological factors on health behaviors and weight change during major life event: A cross‐sectional study using data collected during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chui Tsz Kiu , Cedillo Yenni E. , El Zein Assil , Pavela Gregory , Caldwell Ann E. , Peters John C. , Friedman James E. , DebRoy Swati , Oslund Jennifer L. , Das Sai Krupa , Roberts Susan B. , Hill James O. , Sayer R. Drew
Published: August 2024

Background

Socioecological factors are associated with key health behaviors that are critical for weight management, and major life events may disrupt engagement in these behaviors. However, the influence of socioecological factors on health behaviors in the midst of major life events is not clear and is difficult to study due to the random and sporadic nature of their occurrence. The COVID‐19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to study a major life event and its impacts on diet, physical activity, and body weight.

Objective

This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate associations between socioecological factors (environmental, interpersonal, and individual) and self‐reported weight change during a major life event using data collected during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and whether the associations were mediated through self‐reported changes in eating and physical activity behaviors.

Methods

Participants self‐reported socioecological factors, weight change, and changes in eating behaviors (EB) and physical activity (PA) via online questionnaires between December 2020 and October 2021. Changes in EB and PA were measured using scales with higher scores reflecting more positive changes during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Results

Participants (n = 1283) were mostly female (84.9%) with age 52.1 ± 14.1 years (mean ± SD) and BMI of 32.9 ± 8.2 kg/m2. Stronger healthy eater and exercise identities (individual factors) were associated with higher EB scores (EBS) and PA scores (PAS), respectively (p's < 0.00001). Less discouragement for healthy eating by family/friends (interpersonal factor) was associated with higher EBS (p = 0.002). Higher EBS and PAS were associated with weight loss. The indirect effect of healthy eater identity (−0.72; 95% CI: −0.90, −0.55) and discouragement for diet (0.07; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.12) on weight change through EBS were significant, as was the indirect effect of exercise identity (−0.25; 95% CI: −0.35, −0.15) on weight change through PAS.

Conclusions

Stronger identities and less discouragement from family/friends may support health promoting behaviors and weight loss during a major life event, as well as identify additional behavioral targets for lifestyle interventions.

Clinical Trial Registration

IWCR was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04907396).