bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Lockdown due to Covid-19 Pandemic on Construction Industry of Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Ilyas Usman , Umer Azhan , Raffae Abdul , Ajmal Sachal Bin , Ali Zain , Umar Hafiz Muhammad Tajdar
Published: July 2022

The construction industries worldwide are slowly restoring after the lifting of lockdowns amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on Pakistan's construction industry and to help them mitigate in the future for any similar pandemic. The financial crisis brought by the virus has hit a lot of associations throughout Pakistan. Construction projects throughout Pakistan have been risked in different manners by the pandemic and many projects have shut. Thus, there has been a financial downturn in the construction industry and has resulted in unemployment. From the findings of this paper, the major impact includes delay in completion of projects, unavailability of raw materials, and increase in crime rate. With everything being considered, the circumstance has caused incredible concern, vulnerability, and agitation in the construction industries. This paper additionally clarifies how it is feasible to proceed with construction work in the present circumstance. When the construction work proceeds, the financial slump will be diminished, and unemployment will be decreased. There is not much research done related to this pandemic in Pakistan and this is one of the few research done related to COVID-19 in Pakistan.
Volatility parameterization of ambient organic aerosols at a rural site of the North China Plain
Authors: Ren Siman , Yao Lei , Wang Yuwei , Yang Gan , Liu Yiliang , Li Yueyang , Lu Yiqun , Wang Lihong , Wang Lin
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The volatility of organic aerosols plays a key role in determining
their gas–particle partitioning, which subsequently alters the
physicochemical properties and atmospheric fates of aerosol particles.
Nevertheless, an accurate estimation of the volatility of organic aerosols
(OAs) remains challenging because most standards for particulate organic
compounds are not available, and even for those with standards, their vapor
pressures are too low to be measured by most traditional methods. Here, we
deployed an iodide-adduct long time-of-flight chemical ionization mass
spectrometer (LToF-CIMS) coupled with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols
(FIGAERO) to probe the relationship between the molecular formulae of
atmospheric organic aerosols' components and their volatilities. Tmax
(i.e., the temperature corresponding to the first signal peak of thermogram)
for calibrants was abstracted and validated from the desorption thermograms
of mixed organic and inorganic calibrants that were atomized and then
collected on a PTFE filter, leading to a linear correlation between
Tmax and volatility. In addition, 30 ambient filter samples were
collected in winter 2019 at Wangdu station in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
and analyzed by FIGAERO-LToF-CIMS, leading to the identification of 1448
compounds dominated by the CHO (containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
atoms) and CHON (containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms)
species. Among them, 181 organic formulae including 91 CHO and 90 CHON
compounds were then selected since their thermograms can be characterized
with clear Tmax values in more than 20 out of 30 filter samples and
subsequently divided into two groups according to their O / C ratios and
different thermal desorption behavior. The mean O / C of these two groups is
0.56±0.35 (average ± 1 standard deviation) and 0.18±0.08, respectively. Then the parameterizations between volatility and
elemental composition for the two group compounds were obtained. Compared
with previous volatility parameterizations, our functions provide a better
estimation for the volatility of low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs) in
ambient organic aerosols. Furthermore, our results suggest that volatility
parameterizations should be specialized for organic compounds with different
O / C ratios.
Mineralization of autochthonous particulate organic carbon is a fast channel of organic matter turnover in Germany’s largest drinking water reservoir
Authors: Dordoni Marlene , Seewald Michael , Rinke Karsten , van Geldern Robert , Schmidmeier Jakob , Barth Johannes A. C.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Turnover of organic matter (OM) is an essential ecological function in inland water bodies and relevant for water quality especially for the potential of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal as well as due to emissions of CO2. We investigated various sources of OM including DOC, autochthonous particulate organic carbon (POC), allochthonous particulate organic carbon (ExtPOC), and sedimentary matter (SED) in a temperate drinking water reservoir (Rappbode Reservoir, Germany) with respect to carbon isotope ratios and concentration dynamics. For this purpose, we focused on the metalimnion and the hypolimnion, where respiratory turnover is expected to be dominant and hardly disturbed by atmospheric exchange. The observation period of nine months covered a complete stratification period of the water body. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations and its isotopes (δ13CDIC) were considered together with isotope data of DOC and POC (δ13CDOC and δ13CPOC) as input parameters for mass balances. DIC concentrations ranged between 0.30 and 0.53 mmol L-1, while δ13CDIC values were between -15.1 and -7.2 ‰ versus the VPDB (Vienna PeeDee Belemnite) standard. Values of δ13CDOC and δ13CPOC ranged between -28.8 and -27.6 ‰ and between -35.2 and -26.8 ‰, respectively. Isotope compositions of sedimentary material and allochthonous POC were inferred from the literature with average values of δ13CSED = -30.7 ‰, and δ13CExtPOC = -31.8 ‰. Comparison of DIC concentration gains and stable isotope mass balances showed that autochthonous POC from primary producers was the main contributor to DIC increases, while contributions from DOC, ExtPOC and SED played a minor role. OM turnover rates, i.e. the conversion of organic carbon towards DIC, calculated with our isotope approach were within the range for oligotrophic water bodies (0.01 to 1.3 µmol L-1 d-1). Some higher values in the metalimnion are likely due the availability of settling POC from the photic zone. Samples from a Metalimnetic Oxygen Minimum (MOM) showed a clear dominance of respiration over photosynthesis through bacterial degradation of autochthonous POC. These high turnover rates further highlight a close link with planktonic biological assemblages. Our work shows that respiration in temperate lentic water bodies largely depends on autochthonous POC production as a major carbon source.
Evaluation of a cloudy cold-air pool in the Columbia River Basin in different versions of the HRRR model
Authors: Adler Bianca , Wilczak James M. , Kenyon Jaymes , Bianco Laura , Djalalova Irina V. , Olson Joseph B. , Turner David D.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The accurate forecast of persistent orographic cold-air pools in numerical weather prediction models is essential for the optimal integration of wind energy into the electrical grid during these events. Model development efforts during the Second Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP2) aimed to address the challenges also related to this. We evaluated three different versions of NOAA's High-Resolution Rapid Refresh model with two different horizontal grid spacings against in situ and remote sensing observations to investigate how developments in physical parameterizations and numerical methods targeted during WFIP2 impacted the simulation of a persistent cold-air pool in the Columbia River Basin. Differences between the different model versions were in particular visible in the simulated temperature and low-level cloud fields. The model developments led to an enhanced low-level cloud cover in the cold pool, resulting in better agreement with the observations. This removed a diurnal cycle in the near-surface temperature bias at stations throughout the basin by reducing a cold bias during the night and a warm bias during the day. However, low-level clouds did not clear sufficiently during daytime in the newest model version, which led to a warm bias near-the surface during the second night of the reforecasts and leaves room for further model developments. Besides the improvements during the persistent phase of the cold pool, the model developments also led to a better representation of its decay by slowing down its erosion.
Climatic control of the surface mass balance of the Patagonian Icefields
Authors: Carrasco-Escaff Tomás , Rojas Maisa , Garreaud René , Bozkurt Deniz , Schaefer Marius
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The Patagonian Icefields (Northern and Southern Patagonian Icefields) are the largest ice masses in the Andes Cordillera. Despite its importance, little is known about the main mechanisms that underpin the interaction between these ice masses and climate. Furthermore, the nature of large-scale climatic control over the surface mass variations of the Patagonian Icefields still remains unclear. The main aim of this study is to understand the present-day climatic control of the surface mass balance (SMB) of the Patagonian Icefields at interannual timescales, especially considering large-scale processes. We modeled the present-day (1980–2015) glacioclimatic surface conditions for the southern Andes Cordillera by statistically downscaling the output from a regional climate model (RegCMv4) from a 10 km spatial resolution to a 450 m resolution grid, and then using the downscaled fields as input for a simplified SMB model. Series of spatially averaged modeled fields over the Patagonian Icefields were used to derive regression and correlation maps against fields from the ERA-Interim reanalysis. Years of relatively high SMB are associated with the establishment of an anomalous low-pressure center near the Drake Passage, the Drake low, that induces an anomalous cyclonic circulation accompanied with enhanced westerlies impinging the Patagonian Icefields, which in turn leads to increases in the precipitation and the accumulation over the icefields. Also, the Drake low is thermodynamically maintained by a core of cold air that tends to reduce the ablation. Years of relatively low SMB are associated with the opposite conditions. We found low dependence of the SMB on main atmospheric modes of variability (El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Southern Annular Mode), revealing a poor ability of the associated indices to reproduce interannual variability of the SMB. Instead, this study highlights the Drake Passage as a key region that has the potential to influence the SMB variability of the Patagonian Icefields.
A 41-year (1979–2019) passive-microwave-derived lake ice phenology data record of the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Cai Yu , Duguay Claude R. , Ke Chang-Qing
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Seasonal ice cover is one of the important attributes of
lakes in middle- and high-latitude regions. The annual freeze-up and breakup
dates as well as the duration of ice cover (i.e., lake ice phenology) are
sensitive to the weather and climate; hence, they can be used as an indicator
of climate variability and change. In addition to optical, active microwave,
and raw passive microwave data that can provide daily observations, the
Calibrated Enhanced-Resolution Brightness Temperature (CETB) dataset
available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) provides an
alternate source of passive microwave brightness temperature (TB)
measurements for the determination of lake ice phenology on a 3.125 km grid.
This study used Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), Special
Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I), and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder
(SSMIS) data from the CETB dataset to extract the ice phenology for 56 lakes
across the Northern Hemisphere from 1979 to 2019. According to the
differences in TB between lake ice and open water, a threshold algorithm
based on the moving t test method was applied to determine the lake ice
status for grids located at least 6.25 km away from the lake shore, and the
ice phenology dates for each lake were then extracted. When ice phenology
could be extracted from more than one satellite over overlapping periods,
results from the satellite offering the largest number of observations were
prioritized. The lake ice phenology results showed strong agreement with an
existing product derived from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System
(AMSR-E) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) data (2002 to
2015), with mean absolute errors of ice dates ranging from 2 to 4 d.
Compared with near-shore in situ observations, the lake ice results, while
different in terms of spatial coverage, still showed overall consistency.
The produced lake ice record also displayed significant consistency when
compared to a historical record of annual maximum ice cover of the
Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. From 1979 to 2019, the average
complete freezing duration and ice cover duration for lakes forming a
complete ice cover on an annual basis were 153 and 161 d, respectively.
The lake ice phenology dataset – a new climate data record (CDR) – will
provide valuable information to the user community about the changing ice
cover of lakes over the last 4 decades. The dataset is available at
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937904 (Cai et al., 2021).
A high-resolution inland surface water body dataset for the tundra and boreal forests of North America
Authors: Sui Yijie , Feng Min , Wang Chunling , Li Xin
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Inland surface waters are abundant in the tundra and boreal
forests of North America, essential to environments and human societies but
vulnerable to climate changes. These high-latitude water bodies differ
greatly in their morphological and topological characteristics related to
the formation, type, and vulnerability. In this paper, we present a water
body dataset for the North American high latitudes (WBD-NAHL). Nearly 6.5
million water bodies were identified, with approximately 6 million
(∼90 %) of them smaller than 0.1 km2. The dataset
provides area and morphological attributes for every water body. During this
study, we developed an automated approach for detecting surface water extent
and identifying water bodies in the 10 m resolution Sentinel-2 multispectral
satellite data to enhance the capability of delineating small water bodies
and their morphological attributes. The approach was applied to the
Sentinel-2 data acquired in 2019 to produce the water body dataset for the
entire tundra and boreal forests in North America. The dataset provided a
more complete representation of the region than existing regional datasets
for North America, e.g., Permafrost Region Pond and Lake (PeRL). The total
accuracy of the detected water extent by the WBD-NAHL dataset was 96.36 %
through comparison to interpreted data for locations randomly sampled across the
region. Compared to the 30 m or coarser-resolution water datasets, e.g., JRC
GSW yearly water history, HydroLakes, and Global Lakes and Wetlands Database
(GLWD), the WBD-NAHL provided an improved ability on delineating water
bodies and reported higher accuracies in the size, number, and perimeter
attributes of water body by comparing to PeRL and interpreted regional
dataset. This dataset is available from the National Tibetan Plateau/Third
Pole Environment Data Center (TPDC; http://data.tpdc.ac.cn, last access: 6 June 2022):
https://doi.org/10.11888/Hydro.tpdc.271021 (Feng and Sui, 2020).
Atmospheric river representation in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) version 1.0
Authors: Kim Sol , Leung L. Ruby , Guan Bin , Chiang John C. H.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) project is an ongoing, state-of-the-science Earth system modeling, simulation, and prediction project developed by the US Department of Energy (DOE). With an emphasis on supporting the DOE's energy mission, understanding and quantifying how well the model simulates water cycle processes is of particular importance. Here, we evaluate E3SM version 1.0 (v1.0) for its ability to represent atmospheric rivers (ARs), which play significant roles in water vapor transport and precipitation. The characteristics and precipitation associated with global ARs in E3SM at standard resolution (1∘ × 1∘) are compared to the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA2). Global patterns of AR frequencies in E3SM show high degrees of correlation (≥0.97) with MERRA2 and low mean absolute errors (MAEs; <1 %) annually, seasonally, and across different ensemble members. However, some large-scale condition biases exist, leading to AR biases – most significant of which are the double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), a stronger and/or equatorward-shifted subtropical jet during boreal and austral winters, and enhanced Northern Hemisphere westerlies during summer. By comparing atmosphere-only and fully coupled simulations, we attribute the sources of the biases to the atmospheric component or to a coupling response. Using relationships revealed in Dong et al. (2021), we provide evidence showing the stronger North Pacific jet in winter and the enhanced Northern Hemisphere westerlies during summer, associated with E3SM's double ITCZ and related weaker Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), respectively, which are significant sources of the AR biases found in the coupled simulations.
Basin-scale gyres and mesoscale eddies in large lakes: A novel procedure for their detection and characterization, assessed in Lake Geneva
Authors: Hamze-Ziabari Seyed Mahmood , Lemmin Ulrich , Soulignac Frédéric , Foroughan Mehrshad , Barry David Andrew
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Gyres and eddies, i.e., large-scale rotating coherent water masses, are prominent features of large lakes and oceans, are formed due to the interplay between Coriolis force and wind stress. Understanding their dynamics is important as they are known to play a crucial role in spreading bio-chemical materials and energy throughout lakes and oceans. Since field observations in large lakes are sparse in time and location, often limited to a few moorings, they cannot provide a comprehensive validation dataset for such large-scale current systems. Previous numerical studies suggested the presence of different and complex gyre systems in many large lakes, however none were confirmed with detailed field measurements. In order to assess the spatial and temporal extent of gyres and eddies, their dynamics and vertical structure, as well as validate their prediction in numerical simulation results, transect field observations should be carried out. However, at present it is difficult to forecast when and where such transect field observations should be taken. To overcome this problem, a novel procedure combining 3D numerical simulations, statistical analyses, and remote sensing data was developed that permits determination of the spatial and temporal patterns of basin-scale gyres during different seasons. The efficiency and robustness of the proposed procedure was validated in Lake Geneva. For the first time in a lake, detailed field evidence of the existence of basin-scale gyres and (sub)mesoscale eddies was provided by data collected along transects whose locations were predetermined by the proposed procedure. The close correspondence between field observations and detailed numerical results further confirms the validity of the model for capturing large-scale current circulations as well as submesoscale eddies. The procedure can be applied to other large lakes and can be extended to the interaction of biological-chemical-physical processes.
Remotely sensed reservoir water storage dynamics (1984–2015) and the influence of climate variability and management at a global scale
Authors: Hou Jiawei , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Beck Hylke E. , Renzullo Luigi J. , Wada Yoshihide
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Many thousands of large dam reservoirs have been constructed worldwide during the last 70 years to increase reliable water supplies and support economic growth. Because reservoir storage measurements are generally not publicly available, so far there has been no global assessment of long-term dynamic changes in reservoir water volumes. We overcame this by using optical (Landsat) and altimetry remote sensing to
reconstruct monthly water storage for 6695 reservoirs worldwide between
1984 and 2015. We relate reservoir storage to resilience and vulnerability
and investigate interactions between precipitation, streamflow, evaporation, and reservoir water storage. This is based on a comprehensive analysis of streamflow from a multi-model ensemble and as observed at ca. 8000 gauging stations, precipitation from a combination of station, satellite and forecast data, and open water evaporation estimates. We find reservoir storage has diminished substantially for 23 % of reservoirs over the three decades, but increased for 21 %. The greatest declines were for dry basins in southeastern Australia (−29 %), southwestern USA (−10 %), and eastern Brazil (−9 %). The greatest gains occurred in the Nile Basin (+67 %), Mediterranean basins (+31 %) and southern Africa (+22 %). Many of the observed reservoir changes could be explained by changes in precipitation and river inflows, emphasizing the importance of multi-decadal precipitation changes for reservoir water storage. Uncertainty in the analysis can come from, among others, the relatively low Landsat imaging frequency for parts of the Earth and the simple geo-statistical bathymetry model used. Our results also show that there is generally little impact from changes in net evaporation on storage trends. Based on the reservoir water balance, we deduce it is unlikely that water release trends dominate global trends in reservoir storage dynamics. This inference is further supported by different spatial patterns in water withdrawal and storage trends globally. A more definitive conclusion about the impact of changes in water releases at the global or local scale would require data that unfortunately are not publicly available for the vast majority of reservoirs globally.
Development and validation using ground truth of a method to identify potential release areas of snow avalanches based on watershed delineation
Authors: Duvillier Cécile , Eckert Nicolas , Evin Guillaume , Deschâtres Michael
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Snow avalanches are a prevalent threat in mountain territories. Large-scale mapping of avalanche prone terrain is a prerequisite for land-use planning where historical information about past events is lacunar. To this aim, the most common approach is the identification of Potential Release Areas (PRAs) followed by numerical avalanche simulations. Existing methods for identifying PRAs rely on terrain analysis. Despite their efficiency, they suffer from i) a lack of systematic validation on the basis of adapted metrics and past observations over large areas and ii) a limited ability to distinguish PRAs corresponding to individual avalanche paths. The latter may preclude performing numerical simulations corresponding to individual avalanche events, questioning the realism of resulting hazard assessments. In this paper, a method that well identifies individual snow avalanche PRAs based on terrain parameters and watershed delineation is developed, and confusion matrices and accuracy scores computed both in terms of PRA numbers and areas are proposed to test and evaluate it. Confrontation to an extensive cadastre of past avalanche limits from different massifs of the French Alps used as ground truth leads to high accuracy rates, between 89.8 % and 93.5 % in numbers and 96.2 % and 97.1 % in areas. This shows the applicability of the method to the French Alps context. A sensitivity study is performed, highlighting the most important steps to reach high accuracy in PRA detection, among which the strong role of watershed delineation to identify the right number of individual PRAs. Outlooks for further progresses are discussed. Notably, the proposed data and evaluation framework could be used for additional developments of the method, and to benchmark existing and/or new PRA detection methods.
Contrasted geomorphological and limnological properties of thermokarst lakes formed in buried glacier ice and ice-wedge polygon terrain
Authors: Coulombe Stéphanie , Fortier Daniel , Bouchard Frédéric , Paquette Michel , Charbonneau Simon , Lacelle Denis , Laurion Isabelle , Pienitz Reinhard
Published: July 2022

Abstract. In formerly glaciated permafrost regions, extensive areas are
still underlain by a considerable amount of glacier ice buried by glacigenic
sediments. It is expected that large parts of glacier ice buried in the
permafrost will melt in the near future, although the intensity and timing
will depend on local terrain conditions and the magnitude and rate of future
climate trends in different Arctic regions. The impact of these ice bodies
on landscape evolution remains uncertain since the extent and volume of
undisturbed relict glacier ice are unknown. These remnants of glacier ice
buried and preserved in the permafrost contribute to the high spatial
variability in ground ice condition of these landscapes, leading to the
formation of lakes with diverse origins and morphometric and limnological
properties. This study focuses on thermokarst lake initiation and
development in response to varying ground ice conditions in a glacial
valley on Bylot Island (Nunavut). We studied a lake-rich area using
lake sediment cores, detailed bathymetric data, remotely sensed data and
observations of buried glacier ice exposures. Our results suggest that
initiation of thermokarst lakes in the valley was triggered from the
melting of either buried glacier ice or intrasedimental ice and ice wedges. Over
time, all lakes enlarged through thermal and mechanical shoreline erosion,
as well as vertically through thaw consolidation and subsidence. Some of
them coalesced with neighbouring water bodies to develop larger lakes. These
glacial thermokarst lakes formed in buried glacier ice now evolve as
“classic” thermokarst lakes that expand in area and volume as a result of
the melting of intrasedimental ground ice in the surrounding material and
the underlying glaciofluvial and till material. It is expected that the
deepening of thaw bulbs (taliks) and the enlargement of Arctic lakes in
response to global warming will reach undisturbed buried glacier ice where
it is still present, which in turn will substantially alter lake bathymetry,
geochemistry and greenhouse gas emissions from Arctic lowlands.
A ascensão de Dilma Rousseff e Michelle Bachelet na presidência da República: trajetórias, significados e desafios
Authors: Furlin Neiva
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo procura evidenciar aspectos da trajetória de Dilma Rousseff e de Michelle Bachelet, até a chegada na presidência da República, os significados e os desafios de ser mulher em um lugar de poder político, historicamente masculino. Também se pontua a relação dessas mulheres com o feminismo e a importância disso na promoção de políticas para a igualdade de gênero. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo pautado na metodologia comparada e interpretativa, cujos dados foram levantados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com ex-ministras de Dilma e de Bachelet e com mulheres integrantes de ONGs feministas. As análises são realizadas com base em referenciais teóricos de estudos sociológicos, feministas e de gênero.
PENERAPAN METODE FIELD TRIP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM MENULIS KARANGAN DESKRIPSI PADA SISWA KELAS V-4 SD NEGERI MANGKURA II MAKASSAR
Authors: Minja Mariana Astrid , Hamsiah Andi
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh data dan informasi mengenai Peningkatan kemampuan menulis karangan deskripsi dengan menggunakan penerapan metode field trip siswa kelas V-4 SD Negeri Mangkura II Makassar. Teknik yang dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu observasi dan tes. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Field Trip. Pelaksanaan penelitian terdiri atas dua siklus yaitu siklus I dan II yang tiap siklus terdapat empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode Field Trip dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis karangan deskripsi siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan terjadinya peningkatan dari siklus I (66,48) dan siklus II (89,18).
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE INKUIRI TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS IV SDN MANGKURA III MAKASSAR
Authors: Lein Martha Ose , Yunus Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode inkuiri terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas IV SDN Mangkura III Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan teknik analisis kuantitatif. Hasil  dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dari kelas eksperimen tes awal 53,75. Nilai rata-rata pada tes akhir meningkat menjadi 71,75. Hal ini dapat dinyatakan bahwa kemampuan siswa kelas IV SDN Mangkura III Makassar dalam Presatasi belajar IPS memadai dan mencapai criteria yang telah ditentukan yaitu 75%. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode inkuiri mampu meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam prestasi belajar IPS.
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN SAINS TEKNOLOGI MASYARAKAT (STM) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN PADA SISWA KELAS III SD KEMALA BHAYANGKARI MAKASSAR
Authors: Padang Fani , Jamaluddin Jaja
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk Peningkatan Pemahaman Pencemaran Lingkungan Melalui Penerapan Pendekatan Sains Teknologi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III SD Kemala Bhayangkari Makassar dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 20 orang masing – masing 11 orang siswa laki – laki dan 9 orang siswa perempuan . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa evaluasi pada setiap akhir pembelajaran menunjukkan bahwa pada tindakan siklus I nilai rata-rata kelas mencapai 51,75% dan ketuntasan belajar mencapai 35% atau sebanyak 7 orang siswa yang memperoleh nilai 70 ke atas. Sedangkan pada tindakan siklus II nilai rata-rata kelas mencapai 77,75%  dan ketuntasan belajar mencapai 100% atau sebanyak 20 orang siswa memperoleh nilai 70 keatas.  Hal ini membuktikan bahwa Penerapan pendekatan Sains Teknologi Masyarakat (STM) dalam proses pembelajaran pencemaran lingkungan pada siswa kelas III SD Kemala Bhayangkari mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini terbukti adanya perkembangan hasil belajar  siswa dari siklus pertama dan siklus kedua.
PENINGKATAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN STRATEGI TWO STAY TWO STRAY DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS V SD INPRES TAMAMAUNG III MAKASSAR
Authors: Rosalin Arlin Citra , Muliati Muliati
Published: July 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan keaktifan siswa dengan menggunakan strategi Two Stay Two Stray Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas V Sd Inpres Tamamaung III Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Reseach). Instrumen dalam penelitian ini, yaitu angket, data keaktifan siswa dan dokumentasi. Penelitian diawali dengan melaksanakan siklus pertama yang terdiri atas empat bagian yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi, dalam melaksanakan siklus pertama penelitian belum berhasil kemudian di lanjutkan pada siklus II. Hasil penelitian  Keaktifan Belajar Siswa pada siklus I mencapai skor  54,5%. Pada siklus II Skor Keaktifan Siswa mencapai 81,5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan Keaktifan Belajar Siswa. pada siklus I skor keaktifan siswa mencapai 54,5%dengan kriteria tinggi. Pada siklus II Skor Keaktifan Siswa mencapai 81,5% dengan kriteria sangat tinggi, sehingga keakhtifan belajar siswa  mengalami peningkatan sebesar 27%. Dari hasil yang diperoleh, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan Strategi Two Stay Two Stray dapat meningkatkan keaktifan belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka guru disarankan untuk menerapkan Strategi Two Stay Two Stray karena terbukti dapat meningkatkan keaktifan belajar siswa.
Spor Bilimlerinde Öğrenim Gören Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kariyer Farkındalıklarının İncelenmesi: Karadeniz Bölgesi Örneği
Authors: GÜNER Oğulcan , HACICAFEROĞLU Serkan
Published: July 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı; üniversitelerde spor bilimleri alanında lisans düzeyinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin kariyer farkındalık düzeylerinin bazı demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesidir. Araştırmada genel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Karadeniz bölgesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan devlet üniversitelerinde, 2020- 2021 eğitim öğretim yılı içerisinde spor bilimleri alanında öğrenim gören 6067 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma örneklemini ise evrenden basit tesadüfi yöntemle seçilmiş olan 1374 gönüllü öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların kariyer farkındalıklarını ölçmek için Sunay ve Yaşar (2019) tarafından geliştirilen “Mesleki Kariyer Farkındalık Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmamızda normal dağılım gösteren verilerin incelenmesinde; betimsel analizler, bağımsız örneklem t testi (Independent sample T test) ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (One-way ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Anlamlı farklılıkların bulunduğu ikiden fazla gruplar arasındaki karşılaştırmalarda Post-Hoc testlerinden Scheffe ve Tamhane’s T2 kullanılmıştır. İstatistiki açıdan anlamlılık derecesi Alpha (α), yanılma düzeyi ise p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Araştırmada katılımcı öğrencilerin mesleki kariyer farkındalık ölçeğine vermiş oldukları cevaplardan hareketle; ölçeğin alt boyutları olan mesleki gelişim yatkınlığı, mesleki hazır bulunma, mesleki bilinç ve mesleki özgüven alt boyutlarında orta üstü ve yüksek düzeyde kariyer farkındalıklarının olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca öğrencilerin mesleki kariyer farkındalıkları; aile aylık geliri, mezuniyet sonrası yönelmeyi düşündükleri çalışma alanı ve spor yapma durumları değişkenlerine göre ölçeğin tüm alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık gösterirken; cinsiyet, yaş, okudukları bölüm ve sınıf değişkenlerine göre ölçeğin tüm alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık göstermediği saptanmıştır.
Behavior of new entries and developed tomato hybrids carrying Ty-2 genes
Authors: Elbaz Mounira , Timoumi Monaam , Hanson Peter
Published: July 2022

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is a serious problem hampering tomato production worldwide. In the Mediterranean Basin, disease incidence and severity are higher in the dry season increasing whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) populations. Effectiveness of resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) depends on both tomato host resistance and TYLCV complex species. So far, six different Ty tomato resistance genes have been identified. Two main TYLCV complex species, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Israel (TYLCV-Is) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV), have been identified in Tunisia. The present work aimed to evaluate entries heterozygous for Ty-2 gene to help predict hybrid performance. Two tomato entries homozygous for the Ty-2 TYLCV resistance gene, one tomato hybrid homozygous for Ty-2 and two heterozygous hybrids were included, besides two susceptible tomato entries. Resistance response to TYLCD was recorded based on disease incidence and severity levels. Data analysis was performed according to presence/absence of Ty-2 gene and taking into account homozygosity and heterozygosity of Ty-2. Generalized linear model analysis was applied to check significance of individual factors' effects (i.e. effect of tomato entries or tomato groups of entries based on presence or absence of homozygous/heterozygous Ty-2 gene, block unit within the field trial and the year of the trial) on the dependent variables (disease incidence and severity). Further multicomparison tests gave evidence on significant effect of Ty-2 homozygous gene tomato entries on TYLCD incidence and severity levels. The results were discussed with special focus on the relevance use of heterozygous hybrid tomato varieties.
Formulation of Moringa Extract Chewable Gummy Tablet with Na-Alginate and Pectin as Carriers
Authors: C. Rani Karina , U. Hasanah Titin , Ilmiah Baqrotul , I. E. Jayani Nikmatul
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Chewable gummy tablets are generally formulated with gelling agents such as pectin, gelatin, Na-alginate, and sugar. The selection of the appropriate carrier has a significant effect on the rheological properties of the product. Objective: To analyze the effect of different concentrations of Na-alginate and pectin on the physical characteristics of the preparation. Methods: In this research, 6 formulas were developed, namely Formula 1, 2, and 3 (with Na-alginate concentration of 6%, 7%, and 8%, respectively), Formula 4, 5, and 6 (with pectin concentration of 6%, 8, and 10%, respectively) and the active ingredient of ethanolic extract of moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera L.) extract. The evaluation of the preparation consisted of organoleptic test, pH, swelling ratio, dissolving time, weight variation, tablet dimension, and texture analysis (gumminess and chewiness). Results: The organoleptic test of the preparation showed that the preparation has square shape, green color, melon scent, sweet taste, and chewy texture. The pH value ranges from 5.06 ± 0.02 to 5.12 ± 0.04. The swelling ratio for Na-alginate carrier is between 20.00 ± 1.00% to 21.67 ± 0.58% while for pectin carrier ranges from 1.88 ± 0.24% to 2.08 ± 0.33%. The dissolving time ranges from 19.11 ± 0.19 minutes to 25.08 ± 0.02 minutes. The weight variation has an acceptance value between 3.96 ± 1.15 to 9.53 ± 1.16. Dimensions of Length, Width, and Thickness range from 1.50 cm x 1.50 cm x 1 cm. Texture analysis (Gumminess and Chewiness) on Na-alginate carrier is between 103.82 to 146.37 (Nxmm) and 46.24 to 146.37 (Nxmm), while on pectin carrier is between 90.4 to 1081.27 (Nxmm) and 36.16 to 3243.82 (N x mm). Conclusion: Swelling ratio, dissolving time, gumminess, and chewiness increase related to the concentration of Na-alginate and pectin. Na-alginate has a potential as a carrier for chewable gummy tablets at a concentration of 6%-7%. Meanwhile, pectin has a potential as a carrier with a concentration of 6%-10% in the development of chewable gummy tablets.
PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSION SOURCES AND THEIRCONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: ASIF MUHAMMAD , HAQ RIDA ATIZAZ UL , GULFREEN ESHA , ARSHAD SHAFIA , TASLEEM MUHAMMAD WASIM , RAJPOOT SEHRISH RANA , MUNIR SANA , WASEEM MUHAMMAD , YAR MUHAMMAD ASFAND , SOHAIL MALIKA , ABBAS MUSAVIR , FATIMA KANEEZ , MAQBOOL MARYAM
Published: July 2022

Particulate matter (PM) is a complex form of air pollution that includes all types of solid and liquid droplets present in the atmosphere. Primary PM Emission rates, sizes, and composition are difficult to predict since they rely not only on the industry, but also on the fuel properties, infrastructure, and other aspects of the emission process. Normal (volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and weathering of parent material and sea salt) and anthropogenic (power plants, internal combustion engines, and the thermo-degradation process) sources of airborne particulate matter exist. In order to uphold human health conditions and a clean climate; it has become important to reduce PM concentrations. Given the negative effects of particulates, their regulation is becoming increasingly necessary. In this article, we look at all of the origins of particulate matter, their negative consequences, and the monitoring systems that are used to minimize PM emissions. However, manufacturing and plant operations will get the most attention because they are the backbone of a countryâs economy as well as one of the largest causes of PM pollution and traffic regulation.
Supraclavicular versus infraclavicular Brachial Plexus block
Authors: Sharma Tejash , Chhasatia Anupsinh H. , Patel Jignesh , Chauhan Dinesh , Kapoor Chirag
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:  Of the various modalities of achieving surgical anaesthesia of the forearm, brachial plexus block by injecting local anaesthetic is considered highly beneficial and practical. Supraclavicular and infra-clavicular approaches of brachial plexus blocks provide comprehensive anaesthesia for surgeries of the forearm. The primary outcome measured was the comparison of two blocks with respect to sparing of any dermatome, whereas the secondary outcomes measured were block performance time, duration of analgesia, and complications associated with each technique. METHODS: 150 patients belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II in the age range of 18–80 years scheduled to undergo surgeries of the forearm were divided into two groups: Supraclavicular (SCB group) and Infraclavicular (ICB group) of 75 each. Both the blocks were given by 30 mL of 0.25% injection Bupivacaine using a 22G, 5 cm insulated needle and nerve locator. Both the groups were compared with respect to sparing of dermatomes, block performance time, duration of analgesia and complications like Horner’s syndrome, vascular puncture, and pneumothorax. RESULTS: Block performance time was similar in both the groups. Duration of analgesia was comparable among the two groups.
Evaluation of superior som (Persea bombycina Kost.) genotypes for Muga silkworms (Antherea assamensis, Helfer.) through bioassay and chemoassay studies
Authors: Gogoi S. , Ghosh P. , Chakravorty R.
Published: July 2022

Four diploid som genotypes viz., PB003, PB004, PB005, and PB006 along with four polyploid counterparts viz., PB009, PB010, PB011, and PB012 were evaluated through rearing of Muga silkworm from brushing till spinning during spring and autumn seasons under the agro-climatic conditions of Jorhat, Assam. Observations on leaf yield per plant, parameters for rearing performances and biochemical constituents such as crude protein, crude fiber, total carbohydrate, reducing sugar, total soluble sugar and moisture content were made. The results revealed that tetraploid som genotype namely PB012 is comparatively superior than other genotypes.
Deep Learning Techniques to Detect Botnet
Authors: Son Doan Trung , Tram Nguyen Thi Khanh , Hieu Pham Minh
Published: July 2022

Abstract— Over the past time, the world has witnessed an unprecedented explosion of Deep Learning. Besides thedevelopment of Information Technology, security and safety threats are also increasing, one of which is the Botnet network. Botnet network is increasingly complex and difficult to detect, and traditional techniques are no longer effective, so one of the urgent problems today is to find an effective solution to detecting botnets  [2]. Based on the characteristics of deep learning such as scalability, performance, execution time, interpretability, etc., therefore, in this paper, the author proposes to use deep learning techniques to detect Botnet networks.
Tóm tắt— Thời gian qua, thế giới chứng kiến sự bùng nổ một cách mạnh mẽ chưa từng có của Deep Learning. Bên cạnh sự phát triển của Công nghệ thông tin, các mối đe doạ về an ninh, an toàn cũng ngày càng tăng lên, một trong những mối đe doạ đó chính là mạng Botnet. Mạng Botnet ngày càng phức tạp và khó phát hiện, các kỹ thuật truyền thống không còn phát huy được nhiều tác dụng, vì vậy một trong những vấn đề cấp thiết hiện nay đó là tìm ra được một giải pháp thật hiệu quả trong phát hiện mạng Botnet [2]. Dựa trên những đặc điểm của học sâu như: khả năng mở rộng hiệu suất, thời gian thực hiện, khả năng diễn giải… do đó, trong bài báo này, tác giả đề xuất sử dụng kỹ thuật học sâu để phát hiện mạng Botnet.
Mythologie mal anders
Authors: Schrackmann Petra , Von Holzen Aleta-Amirée
Published: July 2022

Die Vermittlung mythischer Geschichten ist englischsprachigen Jugendbüchern aus dem Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2010, in denen jugendliche ProtagonistInnen Göttern und Göttinnen begegnen, ein wichtiges Anliegen. Umgesetzt wird dies einerseits mit in den Text eingeschalteten Nacherzählungen, die in unterschiedlichem Mass Variationen und Umwertungen unterliegen. Andererseits übernehmen die ProtagonistInnen Aufgaben, die klar Variationen mythischer Heldentaten darstellen.

In den untersuchten Werken – Rick Riordans Percy Jackson-Reihe, die Trilogien Cronus Chronicles von Anne Ursu und Gods of Manhattan von Scott Mebus sowie Joanne Harris’ Roman Runemarks – zeigt sich ein zyklisches Verständnis von Zeit und Zeitlichkeit. Die dargestellten Gottheiten werden durch Vorzeit(lichkeit) charakterisiert. Trotz vordergründiger ‚Modernisierung’ (u. a. durch dem Zeitgeist angepasste Requisiten) unterliegen die Göttercharaktere einer Art Stillstand: Zur Erklärung von Konflikten werden die bekannten mythologischen Geschichten herangezogen, und seit der „mythischen Vorzeit“ scheint sich keine Entwicklung ereignet zu haben. Kontrastiert wird dieses zyklische Zeitverständnis durch die jugendlichen ProtagonistInnen, die sich zu selbstbewussten Individuen entwickeln und sich gegen göttliche Mächte zu behaupten wissen.

Bedeutsam sind die (persönlichen) Beziehungen zwischen Göttern und Menschen. In der Percy Jackson-Reihe wirken diese bei aller Aktualisierung fast traditionell, wenn die jugendlichen Halbgötter für oder gegen ihre göttlichen Vorfahren kämpfen müssen. Indem Götter explizit als Eltern der Halbgötter gezeigt werden, verlieren sie etwas von ihrer Entrücktheit und werden vermenschlicht. In den Cronus Chronicles dagegen wird den Göttern eine klare Absage erteilt: Ihre Macht und Erhabenheit wird demontiert, indem sie mit vielen ‚Charakterfehlern’ behaftet gezeigt werden und zur Wahrung ihrer Macht auf die Hilfe zweier menschlicher Jugendlicher angewiesen sind. Bei Runemarks verwischen sich die Grenzen zwischen Göttern und Menschen. Magiebegabung und Göttlichkeit trennt nur ein gradueller Unterschied; Gott und Mensch können sich in einem Körper vereinen. In Gods of Manhattan schliesslich kommt es fast zur Auflösung des Götterbegriffs, da keine bestehende Mythologie herbeigezogen wird und zudem potentiell jeder zum Gott werden und diesen Status auch wieder verlieren kann.

Die Götter erweisen sich in allen Werken trotz ihrer Macht als Wesen mit menschlichen Schwächen, auf die Hilfe der menschlichen Jugendlichen angewiesen. Dadurch büssen sie ihre Exklusivität ein, während die Menschen emanzipiert auftreten und ihnen (mindestens) auf Augenhöhe begegnen.
Public Diplomacy of the George W. Bush Administration: 9/11 and War on Terror
Authors: AYDEMİR Emrah
Published: July 2022

The terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001 are events that profoundly affected the national security of the United States, changed the political landscape of the world, and put terrorism on the primary agenda of United States security policy. President George W. Bush’s declaration of the War on Terror after 9/11 is an approach that changed the course of the world in global political relations. The War on Terror, a multidimensional action, took the form of a conceptual framework for national security and was an effort to establish and maintain a global coalition on the axis of expanding cooperation. In the motives required by the discursive reactions, the War on Terror has revealed a cause-effect relationship in terms of shaping the ideas and being understood by the masses, and has been described as a step that legitimizes international policies. In public diplomacy regarding the security interests of the United States, the War on Terror has become a comprehensive public diplomacy campaign against anti-Americanism. In this context, the War on Terror is a rhetorical basis for Bush administration public diplomacy. During the Bush administration, the War on Terror, which was an act of reminder for the values of the country and used to distinguish themselves from their enemies, gained importance for the creation of unity and strength across the country. In this study, the reflection of the 9/11 attacks on public diplomacy, the War on Terror strategy and the Bush Doctrine are addressed. At the same time, the rhetoric of the War on Terror in the formation of the value judgments of the masses and the implementation of the policies is examined from the perspective of public diplomacy.