bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posterior Subthalamic Area Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment of Refractory Holmes Tremor
Authors: Dec-Ćwiek Malgorzata , Tutaj Marcin , Pietraszko Wojciech , Libionka Witold , Krupa Mariusz , Moskała Marek , Rudzińska-Bar Monika , Słowik Agnieszka , Pera Joanna
Published: October 2019

Three right-handed patients diagnosed with Holmes tremor (HT), who suffered from pharmacotherapy-refractory tremor, were eligible for unilateral posterior subthalamic area deep brain stimulation (PSA-DBS). All patients were evaluated with the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale (FTMTRS) and Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) before DBS, 6, and 12 months after the PSA-DBS as well as at the last follow-up. In all patients, we observed a significant improvement of tremor control as demonstrated by changes in the FTMTRS and the CGI scales. Mean improvement of tremor in all patients was 56% for the FTMRTS with a corresponding change in the CGI scale. Our study demonstrates that PSA-DBS is efficacious in the treatment of HT. Indeed, PSA is a promising target for DBS for intractable proximal and distal tremor, even in cases of previous, suboptimal functional neurosurgery. The beneficial effect lasts over a long-term follow-up. PSA-DBS may be considered as an alternative target of DBS in tremor treatment.
“A priori” Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function in the SUN Project
Authors: Munoz-Garcia Mariana I. , Toledo Estefania , Razquin Cristina , Dominguez Ligia J. , Maragarone Demetrius , Martinez-Gonzalez Julio , Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel A.
Published: October 2019

Objectives: To study and compare associations of 5 dietary patterns – Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative delay (MIND), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010), and a pro-vegetarian diet (PVD) – with cognitive function. Patients and Methods: A subgroup of 806 participants from the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra”(SUN) cohort of university graduates, >55 years old, was interviewed with the validated Spanish Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (STICS-m) at baseline and after 2 and 6 years. For recruitment to the SUN cohort, participants completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire to calculate dietary adherence scores. These scores were used as independent variables in linear regression models (a model for each dietary pattern) to assess their association with the 6-year change in STICS-m as the dependent variable. Linear mixed models were also fitted to compare trajectories of STICS-m scores. All models were adjusted for relevant confounding factors. Results: Adjusted differences showed advantages in the 6-year change in STICS-m score of 0.25 (95% CI 0.04–0.45) for an increase of 1-SD (9 points) in the AHEI-2010 and of 0.27 (95% CI 0.05–0.48) for an increase of 1-SD (1.5 points) in the MIND diet. The MDP, DASH, and PVD scores yielded positive differences in their point estimates for an increase in 1-SD, but results were not statistically significant. The MIND diet appeared to modify changes in cognitive function over time. Conclusions: Our results showed a beneficial association between the MIND diet and cognitive function and suggested a benefit for the AHEI-2010 pattern. Results for the MDP, DASH, and PVD were inconclusive.
Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated with Increased Plasma Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factors 19 and 21
Authors: Marchelek-Myśliwiec Małgorzata , Dziedziejko Violetta , Nowosiad-Magda Monika , Dołęgowska Katarzyna , Dołęgowska Barbara , Pawlik Andrzej , Safranow Krzysztof , Wiśniewska Magda , Stępniewska Joanna , Domański Maciej , Ciechanowski Kazimierz 
Published: October 2019

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the result of a reduced number of nephrons, in which adipose tissue and its metabolites play a significant role. Fibroblast growth factors, FGF19 and FGF21, are involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of the study was to examine the concentrations of FGF19 and FGF21 in patients with CKD, as well as the correlation between FGF19 and FGF21 and selected biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: The study included 178 subjects: 52 patients with CKD in stages 2–4, without haemodialysis (CKD), 47 haemodialysed patients with CKD (HD), 56 patients with CKD after a renal transplantation (Tx) and 23 healthy subjects as the control group (C). Results: The highest FGF19 serum concentrations were observed in CKD patients and the lowest were observed in the Tx group. Patients in the CKD group had significantly higher serum FGF21 concentrations. There were negative correlations between FGF19 and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as well as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients after kidney transplantation. Negative correlations were also found between serum FGF21 concentrations and GFR in patients after Tx, while positive correlations were observed between FGF21 concentrations and lean body mass in the CKD group, body mass index and total cholesterol in the HD group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that increased concentrations of FGF19 and FGF21 in patients with CKD may be associated with the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. Our results also indicate that haemodialysis and transplantation results in the reduction of FGF19 and FGF21 concentrations in patients with CKD.
Light-Intensity Physical Activity in a Large Prospective Cohort of Older US Adults: A 21-Year Follow-Up of Mortality
Authors: Rees-Punia Erika , Deubler Emily , Campbell Peter , Gapstur Susan M. , Patel Alpa
Published: October 2019

Background: Studies show that regular moderate to vigorous physical activity is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and premature death, but few studies have examined associations of light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and mortality, especially among older adults. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of LPA with the risks of death from all causes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases among older adults in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II NC). Methods: Analyses included 123,232 participants in CPS-II NC, among whom 46,829 died during follow-up (1993–2014). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for self-reported leisure time LPA associated with mortality. Results: Engaging in little or no LPA (<3 metabolic equivalent [MET]-h/week) was associated with a 16% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12–1.20) compared to engaging in some LPA (3 to <9 MET-h/week) after adjusting for moderate to vigorous physical activity. However, there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship. A statistically significant interaction with age suggested that more LPA was associated with a lower risk of respiratory disease mortality only among participants aged ≥70 years (21+ vs. 3 to <9 MET-h/week, HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66–0.91; pint = 0.003). Conclusions: In this prospective study of older adults, accumulating little/no leisure time LPA was associated with a higher risk of mortality. It is of substantial public health value to demonstrate the potential benefits of engaging in any activity, even if light in intensity, among older adults given the aging US population.
Predictors of Mortality in the Oldest Old Patients with Newly Diagnosed Alzheimer Disease in a Residential Aged Care Facility
Authors: Chen Ting-Bin , Weng Shuo-Chun , Chou Yi-Yin , Lee Yu-Shan , Liang Chih-Kaung , Lin Chu-Sheng , Lan Tsuo-Hung , Lin Shih-Yi , Lin Yu-Te
Published: October 2019

Background: In Taiwan, the causes of death and related factors in the oldest old people with Alzheimer disease (AD) are not well characterized. We investigated the factors associated with mortality in the oldest old patients with newly diagnosed AD admitted to a long-stay residential facility. Methods: We performed a prospective study of newly diagnosed AD patients at a veterans’ home between 2012 and 2016. At admission, all eligible participants received a comprehensive geriatric assessment, including demographic variables, lifestyle habits, cognitive evaluations, medical conditions (comorbidities, Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and polypharmacy), nutritional status evaluated by the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form and body mass index (BMI), and global functional status. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the predictive values of clinical parameters for all-cause mortality. Results: The cohort comprised 84 newly diagnosed AD patients (mean age 86.6 ± 3.9 years) with a mean follow-up period of 2.1 ± 1.2 years. The overall median survival was 3.5 years from the time of AD diagnosis (95% confidence interval, 3.1–3.9 years). BMI was significantly lower in the deceased group than in the alive group (20.7 ± 2.9 vs. 22.6 ± 3.4, p = 0.023). Logistic regression demonstrated that the clinical parameters significantly associated with mortality were high global comorbidity, low nutritional status (malnutrition and underweight), and impaired physical function at the time of AD diagnosis. Conclusion: Comorbidity burden, nutritional status, and physical functional status at the time of dementia diagnosis are important contributors to poor outcome in the oldest old. Efforts to control concurrent chronic disorders, nutritional interventions, and physical independency as a long-term care strategy for dementia may provide survival benefit.
Synchondral Fracture of the Posterior “Hemiarch” of Pediatric Atlas with Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula following a Penetrating Neck Injury
Authors: Praneeth Kokkula , Karthigeyan Madhivanan , Salunke Pravin , Ray Nirmalya
Published: October 2019

Introduction: As such, the incidence of spinal fractures in young children is less than that of adults due to an increased pliability of the immature bones. The presence of unfused synchondroses in these children predisposes them to an infrequent pattern of fractures that traverse through ossification centers. Such synchondral injuries are uncommonly reported in the C1 and C2 vertebrae. Those that have been occasionally described in C1 involved the anterior synchondrosis. Furthermore, penetrating injuries to a pediatric spine are relatively rare. Case Presentation: In this context, we present a 4-year-old child in whom a penetrating injury to an immature atlas led to an unusual disjunction of the posterior synchondrosis with fracture displacement of the posterior “hemiarch” of the atlas that plunged into the dura, resulting in a cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Conclusion: We discuss the possible mechanism and considerations in the management of this unique presentation. Such an atypical fracture pattern involving the posterior hemi ring of the pediatric atlas is previously unknown.
Relationships between Head Circumference Percentile, Lumbar Puncture Pressure, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Space in Young Children: Increased Cerebrospinal Space and Pressure May Result in Compensatory Enlargement of Head Circumference Only in the Infant Period
Authors: Kim Myeong Jin , Choi Dae Han , Yoo Chan Jong , Lim Yong Cheol , Yoon Soo Han
Published: October 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate and analyze the relationships between head circumference percentile (HCP), lumbar puncture pressure (LPP), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space. Methods: The 88 patients were divided into 3 age groups (group 1, up to 12 months; group 2, 12–36 months; group 3, 36–72 months). Results: In group 1 (n = 40), there was a significant positive correlation of the HCP with the LPP (r =0.414, p =0.008), Evans ratio (r =0.365, p =0.021), and thickness of subdural hygroma (SDHG; r =0.403, p =0.010). Group 2 (n = 29) revealed a significant positive correlation between the LPP and the thickness of SDHG (r =0.459, p =0.012). Group 3 (n = 19) showed no significant correlation among these factors. Overall, age was related with SDHG thickness both in infants and toddlers, while HCP was related with LPP, Evans ratio, and SDHG thickness only in infants, and LPP was related with SDHG thickness only in toddlers. Conclusion: We suggest that increased cerebrospinal space and pressure may result in compensatory enlargement of head circumference only in the infant period, and the SDHG thickness decreases with age during the infant and toddler phases.
Three Novel Aberrations Involving PLAG1 Leading to Lipoblastoma in Three Different Patients: High Amplification, Partial Deletion, and a Unique Complex Rearrangement
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Guzman Miguel A. , Batanian Jacqueline R.
Published: October 2019

Lipoblastoma is a rare benign neoplasm with overlapping histology with other lipomatous tumors. Genetic aberrations including translocations of 8q and splitting of the PLAG1 probe leading to “promoter swapping” and gains of chromosome 8 or PLAG1 foci have been described in lipoblastoma. Here, we report 3 lipoblastomas revealing novel genetic aberrations involving PLAG1: a high level of PLAG1 amplification up to 50 copies in a 4-year-old girl with recurrence of a right flank mass, a partial deletion of PLAG1 with the flanking junction breakpoints involving the 3′PLAG1 and 5′HAS2 genes in a 17-month-old boy with a retroperitoneal mass, and an insertion of 2q31 into 8q11.2 and translocation of 8q to 2q with the latter translocated onto 12q leading to separation of the PLAG1 FISH probe in a 5-year-old girl with a left back mass. Our novel cytogenetic findings further expand the mechanisms of PLAG1 transcriptional upregulation in lipoblastoma pathogenesis.
In vivo Tracking of DNA for Precise Determination of the Stratum Corneum Thickness and Superficial Microbiome Using Confocal Raman Microscopy
Authors: Ri Jin Song , Choe Se Hyok , Schleusener Johannes , Lademann Jürgen , Choe Chun Sik , Darvin Maxim E.
Published: October 2019

The skin barrier function is mostly provided by the stratum corneum (SC), the uppermost layer of the epidermis. To noninvasively analyze the physiological properties of the skin barrier functionin vivo, it is important to determine the SC thickness. Confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) is widely used for this task. In the present in vivo study, a new method based on the determination of the DNA concentration profile using CRM is introduced for determining the SC thickness. The obtained SC thickness values are compared with those obtained using other CRM-based methods determining the water and lipid depth profiles. The obtained results show almost no significant differences in SC thickness for the utilized methods. Therefore, the results indicate that it is possible to calculate the SC thickness by using the DNA profile in the fingerprint region, which is comparable with the SC thickness calculated by the water depth profiles (ANOVA test p = 0.77) and the lipid depth profile (ANOVA test p = 0.74). This provides the possibility to measure the SC thickness by using the DNA profile, in case the water or lipid profile analyses are influenced by a topically applied formulation. The increase in DNA concentration in the superficial SC (0–2 µm) is related to the DNA presence in the microbiome of the skin, which was not present in the SC depth below 4 µm.
What Does Electroencephalography Coherence Tell Us about Memory Encoding in Adolescents at High Risk of Suicide?
Authors: Kim Yujin , Kwon Jeongeun , Yongtawee Atcharat , Woo Jihwan , Woo Minjung
Published: October 2019

Background: Suicide is known to be closely related to depression, which is accompanied by cognitive decline. Objective: This study examined whether memory performance and cortical networking differ between high suicide risk and control groups depending on task difficulty. Methods: The participants were 28 high school students consisting of 14 suicide risk and 14 control subjects. Real-time electroencephalography signals were collected during a working memory task. Inter- and intrahemispheric coherences were analyzed. Results: Higher cortical networking during memory encoding was found in suicide risk adolescents compared to the control group. An increase in task difficulty heightened interhemispheric coherence. Conclusions: Higher cortical networking in suicide risk adolescents seems to reflect activation of compensatory mechanisms in an attempt to minimize behavioral decline.
The Combined Use of Drainage Amylase Concentration and Serum C-reactive Protein as Predictors of Pancreas-Related Complications after Elective Gastrectomy
Authors: Wakahara Tomoyuki , Kanemitsu Kiyonori , Asari Sadaki , Tsuchida Shinobu , Ueno Nozomi , Toyokawa Akihiro , Sasako Mitsuru
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Postoperative pancreas-related complications (PPRC) can cause critical conditions, including sepsis and intra-abdominal bleeding. Thus, it is important to identify patients who are at risk of clinically significant PPRC as early as possible in the postoperative period. Some authors have reported the use of amylase concentration of the drainage fluid (dAmy) to predict PPRC. However, the positive predictive value of dAmy alone is not sufficient. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of combined use of dAmy and serum C-reactive protein (sCRP) for PPRC. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 327 patients who underwent elective gastrectomy for gastric cancer were reviewed. There were 18 patients who developed PPRC. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors of PPRC. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify the cut-off values of dAmy and sCRP on postoperative day 3 (dAmy3 and sCRP3) to predict the risk of PPRC. Results: In the multivariate analysis, splenectomy alone correlated with PPRC. The cut-off values of dAmy3 and sCRP3 were 761 IU/L and 15.15 mg/dL, respectively. Among the 17 patients with both dAmy3 and sCRP3 above the thresholds, 10 (58.8%) had PPRC with Clavien-Dindo classification (CD) ≥II and 7 (41.2%) had PPRC with CD ≥III. In contrast, among the 236 patients with both parameters below the thresholds, 233 (98.7%) did not develop PPRC, and only 1 (0.4%) had PPRC with CD ≥III. Conclusions: Splenectomy correlates with PPRC, which is consistent with results from large clinical trials. A combined use of dAmy3 and sCRP3 can be useful in predicting the risks of PPRC.
Targeted Therapy with Biologicals and Small Molecules in Primary Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Delmonte Ottavia Maria , Notarangelo Luigi Daniele
Published: October 2019

Primary immunodeficiencies are disorders resulting from mutations in genes involved in immune defense and immune regulation. These conditions are characterized by various combinations of recurrent infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, inflammatory manifestations, and malignancy. In the last 20 years, newborn screening programs and next generation sequencing techniques have increased the ability to diagnose primary immunodeficiencies. Furthermore, an advanced understanding of the molecular basis of these inherited disorders has led to the implementation of targeted therapies that utilize small molecules and biologics to modulate the activity of impaired intracellular pathways. This article will discuss selected primary immunodeficiencies, the genetic defects of which have been recently studied and are amenable to targeted therapy as a reflection of the potential of precision medicine in the future.
Transporte fluvial no Solimões – uma leitura a partir das lanchas Ajato no Amazonas
Authors: Queiroz Kristian Oliveira de
Published: October 2019

As lanchas do transporte fluvial de passageiros da empresa Ajato no estado do Amazonas são as embarcações deste segmento mais atuantes na circulação regional do rio Solimões. Este artigo visa discutir o transporte fluvial de passageiros no rio Solimões a partir de uma leitura do papel que as lanchas Ajato efetuam na modernização deste setor, bem como conhecer a sua contribuição para a integração territorial neste subespaço. Verificou-se que o transporte de passageiros no rio Solimões possui dificuldades e enfrenta desafios institucionais, infraestruturais e administrativos. No entanto, isto não impede a manutenção de fluxos significativos de embarcações diversas. As lanchas Ajato são representantes de objetos úteis à circulação produzidos a partir de uma especialização do lugar; promovendo uma modernização da frota e uma integração territorial significativa nesta fração da formação socioespacial brasileira.
Boletim Paulista de Geografia (1949-2018): abordagem da análise bibliométrica
Authors: Andrade Fabíola Magalhães , Queiroz Alfredo Pereira de
Published: October 2019

Uma análise bibliométrica do Boletim Paulista de Geografia (BPG), no período de 1949 a 2018, foi realizada. Dentre os 485 artigos, os autores mais citados foram: Milton Santos (469), Paul Singer (377), Ariovaldo Umbelino Oliveira (155). Os maiores índices H da revista destacaram a produtividade de Aziz Ab´Saber e Aroldo de Azevedo. A proporção do gênero dos autores foi de 69% de homens e de 31% de mulheres. Após 2007, os percentuais mostraram maior equilíbrio: 53% de homens e 47% de mulheres. Do total de 559 autores, houve 403 artigos com um único autor (83%) e 82 com coautoria (17%). Os idiomas predominantes das referências foram: português (68%), inglês (19%) e francês (13%). Até 1965, os livros predominaram dentre as citações, entre 1966 e 1990 os percentuais foram semelhantes e, a partir de 1991, os artigos se tornaram o principal tipo de referência citada.
Reinforcement Learning in Spiking Neural Networks with Stochastic and Deterministic Synapses
Authors: Yuan Mengwen , Wu Xi , Yan Rui , Tang Huajin
Published: October 2019

Though succeeding in solving various learning tasks, most existing reinforcement learning (RL) models have failed to take into account the complexity of synaptic plasticity in the neural system. Models implementing reinforcement learning with spiking neurons involve only a single plasticity mechanism. Here, we propose a neural realistic reinforcement learning model that coordinates the plasticities of two types of synapses: stochastic and deterministic. The plasticity of the stochastic synapse is achieved by the hedonistic rule through modulating the release probability of synaptic neurotransmitter, while the plasticity of the deterministic synapse is achieved by a variant of a reward-modulated spike-timing-dependent plasticity rule through modulating the synaptic strengths. We evaluate the proposed learning model on two benchmark tasks: learning a logic gate function and the 19-state random walk problem. Experimental results show that the coordination of diverse synaptic plasticities can make the RL model learn in a rapid and stable form.
The Effect of Signaling Latencies and Node Refractory States on the Dynamics of Networks
Authors: Silva Gabriel A.
Published: October 2019

We describe the construction and theoretical analysis of a framework derived from canonical neurophysiological principles that model the competing dynamics of incident signals into nodes along directed edges in a network. The framework describes the dynamics between the offset in the latencies of propagating signals, which reflect the geometry of the edges and conduction velocities, and the internal refractory dynamics and processing times of the downstream node receiving the signals. This framework naturally extends to the construction of a perceptron model that takes into account such dynamic geometric considerations. We first describe the model in detail, culminating with the model of a geometric dynamic perceptron. We then derive upper and lower bounds for a notion of optimal efficient signaling between vertex pairs based on the structure of the framework. Efficient signaling in the context of the framework we develop here means that there needs to be a temporal match between the arrival time of the signals relative to how quickly nodes can internally process signals. These bounds reflect numerical constraints on the compensation of the timing of signaling events of upstream nodes attempting to activate downstream nodes they connect into that preserve this notion of efficiency. When a mismatch between signal arrival times and the internal states of activated nodes occurs, it can cause a breakdown in the signaling dynamics of the network. In contrast to essentially all of the current state of the art in machine learning, this work provides a theoretical foundation for machine learning and intelligence architectures based on the timing of node activations and their abilities to respond rather than necessary changes in synaptic weights. At the same time, the theoretical ideas we developed are guiding the discovery of experimentally testable new structure-function principles in the biological brain.
“Defacing the Leader’s Portrait and Quotations”: An Archival Study of Four Cases
Authors: Huang Wenzhi
Published: October 2019

During the Cultural Revolution, Mao’s portrait and quotations were everywhere in China. This modern form of cult was manifested in two ways: the cult of the Leader’s personality through the use of his likenesses and quotes by government authorities and the populace, and the defilement of the objects emblematic of the Leader by certain individuals. Based on an analysis of newly discovered archives on a number of cases involving defaced portraits, photos, and quotations of the Leader, this article reveals the micro-level mechanisms of political events, by which the “enemies” were identified and treated, and further tackles some theoretical issues concerning defacement, stigmatization and de-stigmatization, and the allegation of counter-revolutionary crimes in political campaigns.
Genera of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia), and their type species*
Authors: FAUTIN DAPHNE GAIL , ZELENCHUK TARAS , RAVEENDRAN DINESH
Published: October 2019

We determined the type species, if any, for the 425 genera of the order Actiniaria and for the 19 genera of order Corallimorpharia.  In Actiniaria, 393 genera have a clear type species; 46 generic names are homonyms, 17 of which are senior, 26 of which are junior (six have been replaced), and three are both junior and senior.  Of the 18 available genera of Corallimorpharia, there are no junior homonyms, and one senior homonym.
Phylum Nematoda*
Authors: HODDA MIKE
Published: October 2019

The systematics of nematodes is reviewed, including: an overview of the general biology, ecology, scientific and economic importance of the group; a history of classification; evolutionary affinities and origins of nematodes; and the current diagnosis of the group.  Alternative classifications within the Phylum Nematoda are discussed, and a classification to family level incorporating the latest molecular, developmental and morphological research is presented.  This classification reflects the current views on evolution within the phylum, as well as significant areas of uncertainty, particularly related to the early evolution of nematodes.  It includes 5 classes, 9 subclasses, 23 superorders, 39 orders, 52 suborders, 89 superfamilies and 241 families.  There are few changes at the superfamily and family levels.
Confirmation of Caprella scauroides Mayer, 1903 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from New Zealand, using integrative techniques
Authors: PEART RACHAEL A. , WOODS CHRIS M.C. , SUTHERLAND JUDY E. , COX SERENA L.
Published: October 2019

The presence of caprellid amphipod, Caprella scauroides is confirmed for the first time from New Zealand waters through two separate sample submissions received by the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) Marine Invasives Taxonomic Service (MITS) during May 2017, both from Ōkahu Bay, Waitematā Harbour, from swing mooring ropes. A subsequent report (November 2017) recorded the species from the Whāngārei Harbour Marine High Risk Site Surveillance (MHRSS) survey. Caprella scauroides, non-indigenous to New Zealand, is morphologically similar and closely related to the known invasive, Caprella californica, with which it is often confused. Caprella scauroides from New Zealand is described in detail using both morphological and molecular methods.
Participation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Paracrine Effects and Transplantation
Authors: Zhou Zhiyu , Wang Lin , Zhang Honglei , Liu Hongfei , Cui Yong , Nie Hongguang
Published: October 2019

Mesenchymal stem cells are a promising source of regenerative cells, and have been used for clinical cell therapy in recent years. Their widespread application originates from established potency in a broad range of experimental animal models and believable safety profile in humans.
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome are common and potentially lethal diseases characterized by acute respiratory failure due to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, excessive pulmonary inflammation, and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption. Despite tremendous research concerning
the pathophysiology of acute lung injury, its death rate remains high and seldom efficacious pharmacotherapy exists. Mesenchymal stem cells participate in related mechanisms through paracrine effects by inducing other cells or regulating certain pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors,
and have the trend for re-epithelization and repairment in lung injury by transplanting ability. The paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem cells in these pathways are the current research hotspot by releasing soluble bioactive factors to interact with damaged tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells
secrete a broad range of cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, and miRNAs through microvesicles or exosomes to protect endogenous cells, attenuate the inflammatory response and inhibit apoptosis, which may be the therapeutic basis of their application in acute lung injury. Therefore, it is
vital to study the effects of mesenchymal stem cells and revealing their mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels. Their transplantation and differentiation capabilities, as well as the paracrine effects provide pre-clinical basis to prevent and treat acute lung injury/acute respiratory
distress syndrome. Several clinical trials have been administrated and mesenchymal stem cells have promising prospects as therapeutic drugs for lung diseases.
Mindolo Mission of the London Missionary Society: Origins, Development, and Initiatives for Ecumenism
Authors: Kangwa Jonathan
Published: October 2019

This paper considers the origins and development of Mindolo Mission of the London Mission Society in Zambia. First, the factors that led to the formation of the mission are analyzed. Second, the paper traces the shifts in ownership of Mindolo Mission and the negotiations to attain church union and increased ecumenism resulting in the foundation of the Church of Central Africa in Rhodesia (CCAR), United Church of Central Africa in Rhodesia (UCCAR), the formation of Mindolo Ecumenical Foundation (MEF) and the United Church of Zambia (UCZ). Third, the present paper discusses the ownership of the mission land. The paper concludes that Mindolo Mission is an offspring of the ecumenical movement and the churches who were the forerunners of the UCZ and the MEF.
Numerical analysis of energy absorption in expanded polystyrene foams
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Alejandro E , Plascencia-Mora Héctor , Ledesma-Orozco Elías R , Aguilera-Gómez Eduardo , Gómez-Márquez Diego A
Published: October 2019

The expanded polystyrene foam is widely used as a protective material in engineering applications where energy absorption is critical for the reduction of harmful dynamic loads. However, to design reliable protective components, it is necessary to predict its nonlinear stress response with a good approximation, which makes it possible to know from the engineering design analysis the amount of energy that a product may absorb. In this work, the hyperfoam constitutive material model was used in a finite element model to approximate the mechanical response of an expanded polystyrene foam of three different densities. Additionally, an experimental procedure was performed to obtain the response of the material at three loading rates. The experimental results show that higher densities at high loading rates allow better energy absorption in the expanded polystyrene. As for the energy dissipation, high dissipation is obtained at higher densities at low loading rates. In the numerical results, the proposed finite element model presented a good performance since root mean square error values below 9% were obtained around the experimental compressive stress/strain curves for all tested material densities. Also, the prediction of energy absorption with the proposed model was around a maximum error of 5% regarding the experimental results. Therefore, the prediction of energy absorption and the compressive stress response of expanded polystyrene foams can be studied using the proposed finite element model in combination with the hyperfoam material model.
Religiosity and Emotion Regulation
Authors: Vishkin Allon , Ben-Nun Bloom Pazit , Schwartz Shalom H. , Solak Nevin , Tamir Maya
Published: October 2019

People higher (vs. lower) in religiosity differ in the emotions they typically experience, but do they also differ in how they deal with their emotions? In this investigation, we systematically tested links between religiosity and elements of emotion regulation, including beliefs regarding the controllability of emotion, the motivation to feel better, and the tendency to use specific emotion regulation strategies (e.g., cognitive reappraisal, rumination, distraction). Participants were American Catholics, Israeli Jews, and Muslim Turks ( N = 616) who were stratified sampled based on level of religiosity. All eight preregistered hypotheses were confirmed, even after controlling for demographic variables. We found that people higher (vs. lower) in religiosity were more likely to use emotion regulation strategies that are typically linked to adaptive emotional outcomes (e.g., cognitive reappraisal, acceptance) and less likely to use emotion regulation strategies that are typically linked to less adaptive outcomes (e.g., rumination). These findings suggest that people higher (vs. lower) in religiosity may deal with their emotions in more adaptive ways.
Loss of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Predisposes Mice to Periodontal Breakdown
Authors: Chavez M.B. , Kolli T.N. , Tan M.H. , Zachariadou C. , Wang C. , Embree M.C. , Lira Dos Santos E.J. , Nociti F.H. , Wang Y. , Tatakis D.N. , Agarwal G. , Foster B.L.
Published: October 2019

The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are nonintegrin collagen receptors and tyrosine kinases. DDRs regulate cell functions, and their extracellular domains affect collagen fibrillogenesis and mineralization. Based on the collagenous nature of dentoalveolar tissues, we hypothesized that DDR1 plays an important role in dentoalveolar development and function. Radiography, micro–computed tomography (micro-CT), histology, histomorphometry, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze Ddr1 knockout ( Ddr1−/−) mice and wild-type (WT) controls at 1, 2, and 9 mo, and ISH and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were employed to assess Ddr1/ DDR1 messenger RNA expression in mouse and human tissues. Radiographic images showed normal molars but abnormal mandibular condyles, as well as alveolar bone loss in Ddr1−/− mice versus WT controls at 9 mo. Histological, histomorphometric, micro-CT, and TEM analyses indicated no differences in enamel or dentin Ddr1−/− versus WT molars. Total volumes (TVs) and bone volumes (BVs) of subchondral and ramus bone of Ddr1−/− versus WT condyles were increased and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was reduced at 1 and 9 mo. There were no differences in alveolar bone volume at 1 mo, but at 9 mo, severe periodontal defects and significant alveolar bone loss (14%; P < 0.0001) were evident in Ddr1−/− versus WT mandibles. Histology, ISH, and IHC revealed disrupted junctional epithelium, connective tissue destruction, bacterial invasion, increased neutrophil infiltration, upregulation of cytokines including macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and 3-fold increased osteoclast numbers ( P < 0.05) in Ddr1−/− versus WT periodontia at 9 mo. In normal mouse tissues, ISH and qPCR revealed Ddr1 expression in basal cell layers of the oral epithelia and in immune cells. We confirmed a similar expression pattern in human oral epithelium by ISH and qPCR. We propose that DDR1 plays an important role in periodontal homeostasis and that absence of DDR1 predisposes mice to periodontal breakdown.
Nell-1 Is a Key Functional Modulator in Osteochondrogenesis and Beyond
Authors: Li C. , Zhang X. , Zheng Z. , Nguyen A. , Ting K. , Soo C.
Published: October 2019

Neural EGFL-like 1 (Nell-1) is a well-studied osteogenic factor that has comparable osteogenic potency with the Food and Drug Administration–approved bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2). In this review, which aims to summarize the advanced Nell-1 research in the past 10 y, we start with the correlation of structural and functional relevance of the Nell-1 protein with the identification of a specific receptor of Nell-1, contactin-associated protein-like 4 (Cntnap4), for osteogenesis. The indispensable role of Nell-1 in normal craniofacial and appendicular skeletal development and growth was also defined by using the newly developed tissue-specific Nell-1 knockout mouse lines in addition to the existing transgenic mouse models. With the achievements on Nell-1’s osteogenic therapeutic evaluations from multiple preclinical animal models for local and systemic bone regeneration, the synergistic effect of Nell-1 with BMP-2 on osteogenesis, as well as the advantages of Nell-1 as an osteogenic protein with antiadipogenic, anti-inflammatory, and provascularized characteristics over BMP-2 in bone tissue engineering, is highlighted, which lays the groundwork for the clinical trial approval of Nell-1. At the molecular level, besides the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, we emphasize the significant involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as well as the key regulatory molecules Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in Nell-1-induced osteogenesis. In addition, the involvement of Nell-1 in chondrogenesis and its relevant pathologies have been revealed with the participation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (Nfatc1), Runx3, and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) signaling pathways, although the mechanistic insights of Nell-1’s osteochondrogenic property will be continuously evolving. With this perspective, we elucidate some emerging and novel functional properties of Nell-1 in oral-dental and neural tissues that will be the frontiers of future Nell-1 studies beyond the context of bone and cartilage. As such, the therapeutic potential of Nell-1 continues to evolve and grow with continuous pursuit.
High-throughput DNA sequencing technologies for water and wastewater analysis
Authors: Chan Alexander WY , Naphtali James , Schellhorn Herb E
Published: October 2019

Conventional microbiological water monitoring uses culture-dependent techniques to screen indicator microbial species such as Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms. With high-throughput, second-generation sequencing technologies becoming less expensive, water quality monitoring programs can now leverage the massively parallel nature of second-generation sequencing technologies for batch sample processing to simultaneously obtain compositional and functional information of culturable and as yet uncultured microbial organisms. This review provides an introduction to the technical capabilities and considerations necessary for the use of second-generation sequencing technologies, specifically 16S rDNA amplicon and whole-metagenome sequencing, to investigate the composition and functional potential of microbiomes found in water and wastewater systems.
Small changes in calcium replacement therapy triggering hypercalcaemia and rising creatinine – a case series
Authors: Harrison Luis Loureiro , Crooks Alison , Kelly Michael , Green Fiona , Muniraju Thalakunte
Published: October 2019

In this article, we present four cases of renal failure secondary to hypercalcaemia which were brought to the attention of our hospital's nephrology team. These happened in the setting of simple medication changes for hypoparathyroidism post-thyroid surgery. These cases have in common minor changes in preparations leading to significant adverse events. In two cases, excipient changes were the only changes identified in the patients' regimen. In all cases, cessation of the offending calcium preparation and treatment with IV rehydration led to a return to baseline creatinine levels. Communicating to patients the importance of consistency in how calcium and vitamin D supplements are taken is crucial in preventing adverse effects. Prescribers should be aware of excipient changes and that these are not always clinically insignificant.
Does Paternal Involvement in Childcare Influence Mothers’ Employment Trajectories during the Early Stages of Parenthood in the UK?
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: October 2019

Understanding the conditions that facilitate mothers’ employment and fathers’ involvement in childcare and housework is important for achieving gender equity in paid and unpaid work. Using Sen’s capabilities framework, the article explores the effect of paternal involvement in childcare on mothers’ employment resumption nine months and three years’ post-childbirth. Logistic regression is used on the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study. Results show that the probability of mothers resuming employment increase at both time points if the father is more involved in childcare nine months post-birth – and in some cases, this is more important for her employment resumption than her occupational class and the number of hours the father spends in paid work. However, attitudes have an even stronger effect, and appear to drive behaviour, as the probability of mothers resuming employment increase significantly three years post-birth if either parent endorses more gender egalitarian roles in the first year of parenthood.
Electrochemical synthesis of AgNP and mechanical performance of AgNP-EG coatings on soft elastomer
Authors: Mehdi Murtuza , Akhtar Maaz , Abro Shahid , Qamar Zahid , Nauman Malik Muhammad , Aziz Shahid , Khan Zaib Ullah , Sufiyan Muhammad , Waseem Muhammad Bin , Azraf Ali
Published: October 2019

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are being used extensively in medical and modern age stretchable and flexible electronics applications. In this article, we describe easy, cost-effective, and scalable synthesis of AgNP using electrolysis of pure silver metal in aqueous silver acetate solution. Size measurements and structural characterizations of the nanoparticles were performed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with image analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques, respectively. As-prepared nanoparticles were dispersed in pure ethylene glycol (EG) in a concentration of 50 wt%. The dispersion was coated on a soft, sticky, stretchable, and flexible elastomeric substrate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Finally, the stretchability and flexibility tests on AgNP-EG/PDMS laminate were performed. The as-fabricated AgNP-EG/PDMS laminate is capable of stretching up to 18% without electrical failure. It was also found to remain electrically conductive when bent on curved surfaces. This behavior indicates that the AgNp-EG/PDMS laminate has good stretchability and flexibility and can be used as an electrically conductive platform for stretchable and flexible electronics.
The Negative Intelligence–Religiosity Relation: New and Confirming Evidence
Authors: Zuckerman Miron , Li Chen , Lin Shengxin , Hall Judith A.
Published: October 2019

Zuckerman et al. (2013) conducted a meta-analysis of 63 studies that showed a negative intelligence–religiosity relation (IRR). As more studies have become available and because some of Zuckerman et al.’s (2013) conclusions have been challenged, we conducted a new meta-analysis with an updated data set of 83 studies. Confirming previous conclusions, the new analysis showed that the correlation between intelligence and religious beliefs in college and noncollege samples ranged from −.20 to −.23. There was no support for mediation of the IRR by education but there was support for partial mediation by analytic cognitive style. Thus, one possible interpretation for the IRR is that intelligent people are more likely to use analytic style (i.e., approach problems more rationally). An alternative (and less interesting) reason for the mediation is that tests of both intelligence and analytic style assess cognitive ability. Additional empirical and theoretical work is needed to resolve this issue.
Language proficiency is only part of the story: Lexical access in heritage and non-heritage bilinguals
Authors: Wiener Seth , Tokowicz Natasha
Published: October 2019

This study examined how language proficiency and age of acquisition affect a bilingual language user’s reliance on the dominant language during lexical access. Two bilingual groups performed a translation recognition task: Mandarin–English classroom bilinguals who acquired their dominant language (Mandarin) from birth and their non-dominant language (English) post-puberty through formal classroom instruction, and Mandarin–English heritage bilinguals who acquired their non-dominant language (Mandarin) at home from birth but became more dominant in another language (English) through society and peers. Participants decided whether word pairs were correct translations as quickly and accurately as possible. Critical trials involved correct translations (e.g. 房东 – landlord) and incorrect translations that were related to the correct translation in meaning (e.g. 房东 – rent) or form (e.g. 房东 – lantern). When identifying correct translations, lower proficiency heritage bilinguals were slower and less accurate than higher proficiency classroom bilinguals. Yet, when rejecting incorrect translations, heritage bilinguals demonstrated a greater magnitude of semantically-related interference than classroom bilinguals. Heritage bilinguals additionally demonstrated small but measurable amounts of form-related interference whereas the classroom bilinguals did not. Heritage bilinguals thus showed unique patterns of lexical access distinct from bilinguals who acquired their non-dominant language at a later age in a classroom setting.
Opening the time window
Authors: van Leyen Klaus , Wang Xiaoying , Selim Magdy , Lo Eng H
Published: October 2019

The recently completed EXTEND trial tested the idea that tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis can be safely extended up to 9 h after stroke onset if automated perfusion imaging indicates the presence of a salvageable penumbra. This important trial contributes to an ongoing paradigm shift for stroke therapy. Combined with the introduction of endovascular therapy, image-guided patient selection is expanding the toolbox of the stroke practitioner. At the same time, pushing the limits of reperfusion has raised important questions about mechanisms to pursue for combination therapy as well as potential approaches to mitigate side effects and optimize treatments for patients with various co-morbidities.