bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The extraordinary in the ordinary: the devil is in the (sometimes unexpected) details of section 34 of the Insolvency Act 24 of 1936 and the actio Pauliana
Authors: Smith Alastair
Published: July 2023

A recent case offers an opportunity to consider two types of impeachable dispositions in insolvency law. One is the transfer of a trader's business under section 34(1) of the Insolvency Act, and the other is the common-law actio Pauliana from which the entire law of impeachable dispositions derives. In the first place, the nature of the application is characterised as an attempt to reverse the transfer of the business and assets. A common feature of section 34(1) and the actio Pauliana is spotted: they straddle sequestration or winding-up. Compliance with sections 34(1) and (2) of the Insolvency Act is discussed, and the trader's celebration of doing so is then ruined by the pervasive menace of the actio Pauliana, the defence of necessity supplying a sword to cut the Gordian knot. The central insight of the judgment about section 34(1) - the relative meaning of the word "void" - is shown to be well-articulated by a widely followed juristic insight into administrative validity. Some of the finer details of the ambit of the word "void" are then teased out. The uneasy relationship between section 34(1) and sections 26, 29, 30, and 31 of the Insolvency Act and the actio Pauliana is explored, and an answer to a dilemma over the application of section 34(1) ventured. As for applying the requirements of the actio Pauliana to the facts, a comprehensive, nuanced approach considering both the two relevant possibilities is proposed, rather than the single choice plumped for in the judgment apparently because it is the more usual one. The closing remarks underline the wisdom of thoroughly planning, discussing, and creating a Plan B for the client in the pleadings and executing the procedural requirements and administration.
Could a one-size-fits-all approach apply to the extension of stage-discharge relationships at flow-gauging weirs?
Authors: Gericke O J , Williams V H
Published: July 2023

At a flow-gauging weir, the stage or flow depth is normally measured continuously and converted into discharge using a stage-discharge (SD) rating curve (RC). During flood events, the observed water levels often exceed the flow-gauging weir's designed measuring capacity or structural limit. Subsequently, the standard calibration of the flow-gauging weir becomes irrelevant and the extension of the SD RC for above-structure-limit flow conditions is required. This paper attempts to identify a one-size-fits-all approach for the extension of SD RCs by assessing seven indirect hydraulic extension methods and a one-dimensional HEC-RAS modelling approach against direct SD measurements or extension methods at selected flow-gauging sites in South Africa. In considering a ranking-based selection procedure and associated goodness-of-fit (GOF) criteria, the stepped backwater analysis, slope-area method, and 1-D HEC-RAS steady flow modelling proved to be the most appropriate. The other indirect extension methods resulted in larger statistical differences between the at-site benchmark and modelled values. Given that the extension of RCs is significantly more affected by the site and river reach geometry, initial hydraulic conditions, flow regimes, and level of submergence at high discharges than the actual extension method used, it was confirmed that a one-size-fits-all approach cannot be applied for the extension of SD RCs in South Africa.
Comparison of sinkhole size versus borehole hazard classification
Authors: Bunk J
Published: July 2023

Sinkholes are a common occurrence on dolomitic land in South Africa. Different methods have been used in the past to classify the risk of sinkhole occurrence. The inherent hazard classifications (IHC) of boreholes are compared in this article to actual sinkhole occurrences. The national sinkhole database and the ENGEODE database of boreholes, both belonging to the Council for Geoscience (CGS), were used for this comparison between the IHC of the borehole and the size of the sinkhole that occurred within a 50 m radius. Thus, the sinkholes in the database were used for this comparison that had a borehole located within 50 m from the sinkhole. Four regions were identified and described separately, namely the Far West Rand, the Tshwane and Ekurhuleni Municipalities as separate areas, and the fourth group as the Johannesburg and Sedibeng Municipalities and the Mpumalanga, North West and Northern Cape Provinces. Although a very high percentage has been underestimated (ranging from 42% to 59% for the different regions), there is a relatively good IHC correlation between the hazard classification of the boreholes and the sinkholes (between 56% to 67%). Another problem is that an IHC of 1 to 4 (low to medium risk) was assigned to the boreholes in 17% to 29% of the cases for the different areas, yet sinkholes still formed. These areas are more problematic, since the risk from the drilling has been underestimated. The current methodology to classify boreholes has not proved to be one hundred percent accurate to predict the size of the sinkhole for the area, and several factors have been highlighted that should be taken into account when boreholes are classified. Further research needs be carried out around the discrepancies between the IHC of boreholes compared to actual sinkholes.
Enseñanza de la escritura académica en entornos virtuales: desafíos de la pandemia en el posgrado
Authors: Pozzo María Isabel , Rosso Florencia
Published: July 2023

El objeto de este artículo son las prácticas de escritura académica y su enseñanza en el posgrado durante la pandemia de covid-19, en año 2020. A tales efectos, llevamos a cabo un estudio de caso en una Maestría en Docencia Universitaria, de una universidad pública argentina. En el marco de un enfoque mixto cuali-cuantitativo, relevamos y sistematizamos prácticas de enseñanza de la escritura e identificamos aquellas que favorecen su apropiación en entornos virtuales e interdisciplinarios. Frente a estos propósitos, realizamos observaciones no participantes a clases online y entrevistas a una cohorte de estudiantes de esa carrera. Debido al proceso de colaboración interdisciplinar que habilitan, incluir tecnologías en la enseñanza introduce equidad de condiciones en la producción de conocimientos. No obstante, esto depende de la intencionalidad pedagógica con que se utilicen. A partir de estos resultados, concluimos que, tanto en entornos virtuales como presenciales, se trasciende la reproducción de contenidos si existen propósitos de enseñanza de la escritura conscientes del contexto y trayectorias formativas de los estudiantes.
From the Design of Assessments to Language Assessment Literacy
Authors: Giraldo Frank , Naranjo-Trujillo Dira Estefania , Ariza-Villa Jairo Alonso
Published: July 2023

Language Assessment Literacy (LAL) is now a core topic of discussion in language testing. Research has indicated that language teachers are interested in improving this area in their professional development. This research paper reports on an evaluation of English teachers’ assessment instruments through qualitative content analysis. We analyzed 60 assessment instruments, 30 for receptive skills (reading or listening) and 30 for productive skills (speaking or writing). In the corpus, we found items and tasks that had both technical and theoretical issues. Based on our findings, and to foster teachers’ LAL, we conclude that a program for these stakeholders should focus on the careful design of assessment instruments and the study of qualities of language assessments in context.
Technologies in English as a Second/Foreign Language Writing Classes
Authors: Chao Chao Kuok Wa , Lira-Gonzales Maria-Lourdes , David Joanie
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a systematic review on the use of technologies in English as a Second Language (ESL) and as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing classes. The pursued objectives were to: 1) review recent empirical studies for the use of technologies in ESL/EFL writing classes; and 2) synthesize and assess the impacts of digital technologies on written texts and the writing process. Hence, the findings of this review are relevant because the arrival of new technologies has changed the environment in which digital writing is practiced and there is a lack of rigorous literature reviews that allow a better comprehension of these impacts (Lira-Gonzales & Grégoire, 2022).
Prevalence of Insomnia at Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Purwanto Setiyo , Ahmad Mahadir , Said Zaini , Anganthi Nisa Rachmah Nur , Kusumawati Yuli , Zulaekah Siti
Published: July 2023

Background and Objective Lockdown, social confinement, and the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic have increased mental health disorders and affected sleep disorders, especially insomnia. This study aims to explain the prevalence of insomnia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Surakarta, Indonesia.Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted twice in Surakarta city. The survey was conducted before the pandemic with 456 participants and during the pandemic with 1254 participants. All participants were selected using the purposive sampling method with criteria of age 15–44 years and having sleep problems. The online questionnaire of the Insomnia Severity Index Indonesian version (ISI–INA) was used to collect insomnia data. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS v25 by a descriptive test and Mann–Whitney test.Results The mean total ISI–INA scores before and during the pandemic were 13.83 and 12.54. Surveys found that the participants who suffered from subthreshold insomnia, moderate, and severe insomnia before the pandemic were 45.6%, 41.2%, and 5%, respectively, while during the pandemic 42.1%, 35%, and 3.5%, respectively. There was a difference between before and during the pandemic in the mean total ISI scores, severity of insomnia, difficulty in falling asleep and maintaining sleep, waking up too early, sleep dissatisfaction, noticeability of sleep problems by others, and interference of sleep problems with daytime activities (p < 0.05), while there was no difference in the worried about sleep problems (p > 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic is lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the prevalence of insomnia remains relatively high, so gradual and continuous intervention is needed to overcome insomnia.
Actions, actors, and agency in the penalty phase of capital trials
Authors: Chaemsaithong Krisda , Kim Yeonjeong
Published: July 2023

This study critically scrutinizes the discursive practice of state killing in capital trials. The quantitative and qualitative analysis compares the experientially constitutive roles of lexico-grammatical choices in attributing agency to the actions of the defendant and victims in lawyers’ opening and closing speech in the penalty phase of a high-profile capital trial. Integrating Van Leeuwen’s social actor representation framework (2008) into Halliday’s transitivity analysis (1994), the study identifies the prosecution’s and defense’s polarized referential practice for the defendant and victims as well as descriptions of their actions. It is argued that, rather than existing as facts outside the trial discourse, aggravating and mitigating factors are morally and normatively constructed in real-time discursive interaction through these extreme, and at times disturbing, reference and transitivity choices, potentially leading to a death recommendation
Pendeteksian Penggunaan Masker Berbasis Android dan YOLOv5 untuk Media Video Realtime pada Ruang Perkantoran
Authors: Gelar Trisna , Pangestu Mugi , Fikri Muhammad , Taufik Naufal , Teguh Urip , Hutahaean Jonner
Published: July 2023

Relaksasi penggunaan masker untuk pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19 telah diberlakukan, namun untuk kegiatan dalam ruangan dan wilayah perkantoran kebijakan tersebut masih wajib dilaksanakan. Sistem pengawasan otomatis komersial memerlukan perangkat tambahan seperti kamera khusus, CCTV atau sistem berbasis IoT. Alternatif lain dengan menggunakan perangkat Android yang mudah digunakan dan biaya inisiasi serta pemeliharaannya lebih rendah. Maka dari itu pengembangan sistem deteksi masker berbasis Android perlu dikembangkan. Pada penelitian ini fitur deteksi masker dikembangkan menggunakan algoritma YOLOv5 pada 1200 gambar campuran dari data Face Mask Detection dengan Face Mask KoTA205. Dengan menambahkan distribusi kelas without mask dan with mask, Model YOLOv5 yang dihasilkan mencapai akurasi mAP 91,24% dan F1-Score 87,78%. Selain itu model sudah dikonversi berformat PyTorch Lite dan dapat digunakan pada sistem berbasis Android Pendeteksi Masker. Sistem telah terimplementasi memiliki tiga fitur utama, inisiasi perangkat, pendeteksian masker dan peringatan suara bila terjadi pelanggaran dan dashboard untuk bahan monitoring (data pendeteksian diolah menggunakan Firebase). Khusus fitur pendeteksian masker, telah diuji delapan test case unit test dan tiga test case integration testing, dengan keseluruhan test case berjalan sukses.
Stability test of Hyperloop vehicle in different movement conditions
Authors: Kowalik Rafał , Kisilowski Jerzy , Łusiak Tomasz , Gil Leszek
Published: July 2023

A mathematical model is presented for the slide as a continuous system along which a moving force from the capsule moves, and the capsule as a discrete system. The displacements of the magnet elements were determined by performing simulations. Simulations were carried out with ANSYS software using FEM (Finite Element Method) calculations. The results will determine the nature of the capsule's movement. The results of the simulations were used to study stability in a technical and stochastic sense (Lyapunov criterion) for non-linear systems, taking into account the conditions present in the magnet and guide element system. Transverse displacements of the electromagnets were used in the technical stochastic stability study. The paper also presents a method for determining technical and stochastic stability for the Hyperloop vehicle for different speeds and taking into account the displacements of the levitation set. The probability of unsteady Hyperloop motion was then determined.
Effectiveness of telesimulation on cardiorespiratory arrest for nursing students
Authors: Morais Soares Francisco Mayron , Kélen Lima Gleiciane , Batista Mesquita Kirley Kethellen , De Souza Maciel Ferreira José Erivelton , Nascimento da Silva Maria Jocelane , Nunes de Miranda Francisco Arnoldo
Published: July 2023

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of telesimulation on cardiorespiratory arrest to improve the performance of nursingstudents.

Methods. This was an experimental study, whose sample consisted of 30 undergraduate nursing students from a Brazilian university. It was structured from two groups: an experimental (n=15) and a control (n=15). For both groups, expository classes and skills training were held. For the experimental group, a virtual clinical simulation scenario was implemented. Before the beginning of the interventions, a pre-test was applied and, after the end of this, a post-test was applied to evaluate the students ; gain of knowledge and skills.

Results: From the analysis of the total correct answers and the scores obtained in the pre-test and post-test, it was found that there was an improvement in the performance of both study groups. Regarding the averages of the points obtained, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.001). The post-test score was significantly higher than the pre-test score in the intervention group (p=0.001).

Conclusion. The virtual scenario developed proved to be superior in improving the performance of nursing students in managing cardiorespiratory arrest when compared to traditional teaching methods.
Predictors of COVID-19 Related Health Literacy among Older People Living in Rural Areas of Indonesia
Authors: Khozanatuha Fiqna , Setiyani Rahmi , Heni Kusumawardani Lita
Published: July 2023

Objective. This study aims to identify predictive factors of COVID-19-related health literacy (HL) among older adults living inrural areas.
Method. This study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 106 respondents participated in this study. HL was measured by using a questionnaire modified from the HLS-COVID-Q22, in addition, the scales ‘Health Information Seeking’,‘Family’s Social Support Scale’, ‘Health Service Utilization’; and information on some socio-demographic variables was also obtained. A multiple linear regression model was used to identify the predictors of HL.
Results. About two-thirds of the respondents had a moderate level of HL (63.2%). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level, family support, information source, and gender were significant predictors for HL (p<0.01).
Conclusion. HL literacy was better among males, highly educated older people, media users, and those with adequate family support. This study provided insight for nurses and healthcare professionals to pay greater attention to vulnerable groups of older people (ie. female gender and those with less formal education) as well as involve family members in education or health promotion activities and use easily accessed media, such as television and radio.
Conceptual Models and Theories Applied to Nursing Education in Intercultural Contexts: State of the Art
Authors: Valdéz Fernández Adriana Lucia
Published: July 2023

Objective. To analyze academic production about nursing models and theories in intercultural contexts applied to the fieldof education.

Methods. State-of-the-art study, which examined 50 articles from research.

Results. Application of the cultural competence model was found as a trend at disciplinary level, and in at interdisciplinary level, critical pedagogy was used. Regarding the curriculum, it is observed that cultural competency is a subject that is taught, but it is not treated in transversal manner. The principal didactics was cultural immersion, which permits acquiring skills and aptitudes to care for diverse population. The evaluation in the educational act centered on characterizing the level of acquisition of cultural competency. The gaps indicate the difficulty of applying the models and theories in practice scenarios, while the recommendations focus on the importance of teacher training in cultural competency.

Conclusion. Interculturality is approached as a borrowed theory that, from education, contributes to the nursing practice from training that vindicates situational knowledge and its articulation with ethics permits developing skills to relate with others who have their own views regarding health care.
Construction and Validation of an Occupational Risks Scale for Intra-hospital Nursing Staff
Authors: Cuadros-Carlesi Katya , Henríquez-Roldán Carlos , Meneses Ciuffardi Elena , Fuentes Ibáñez Jaime , Ruiz-Araya Paola
Published: July 2023

Objective. To construct and evaluate initial validity indicators of an instrument on occupational risks for hospital nursing staff.
Methods. A methodological study was conducted in four Chilean hospitals. The study was carried out in three stages: (i) integrative literature review on risk assessment instruments for nursing; (ii) descriptive qualitative study on 113 health professionals to identify their work conditions and experiences regarding occupational risks and construct three instruments proposals for nursing managers, clinical nurses, and technicians; and (iii) validity and reliability study of the threeinstruments in 503 nurses and nursing technicians. To collect the data from the qualitative study, individual interviews, focal groups, and non-participant observation were conducted. The data were analyzed thematically into predefined risk categories. Content validation was performed through expert judgment, and exploratory factor analysis of principal components was conducted for the preliminary construct validity study. Cronbachs alpha was used as an indicator of internal consistency.
Results. A total of 128 items were identified, distributed across 11 categories and 25 subcategories ofoccupational risks for the three instruments derived from the original proposal. After expert validation, pilot study, and instrument administration, Cronbach's alpha values between 0.88 and 0.93 were obtained. Exploratory factor analysis distinguished eight to eleven components, with unsatisfactory goodness-of-fit indicators.
Conclusion. The instruments demonstrated good parameters of content validity and reliability, although their construct validity needs further improvement.
Tendencias morfológicas en el léxico técnico de la España de inicio de siglo XIX: el “Vocabulario de las palabras técnicas” incluido en el Manual del encuadernador, en todas sus partes de Sebastian Le Normand (1839)
Authors: Corveddu Mario Salvatore
Published: July 2023

En este artículo se analizan las tendencias morfológicas de las unidades léxicas que componen el Vocabulario de las palabras técnicas incluido en el Manual del encuadernador, en todas sus partes de Sebastian Le Normand (1839), traducción de la obra francesa Manuel du relieur dans toutes ses parties (1827). El manual se enmarca en un momento de transición para las artes y oficios a la etapa industrial, debido a los avances de las ciencias y de las técnicas que conducirán a una profunda remodelación de las prácticas tradicionales. Desde una óptica lingüística, este proceso de reconfiguración impactará en particular en el nivel léxico ya sea con el ingreso de neologismos, como en la adaptación de los procesos de creación léxica a las nuevas exigencias comunicativas.

El estudio pretende ampliar el conocimiento de este último punto, centrándose en los mecanismos formales que caracterizan el proceso de lexicogénesis de una técnica, en este caso la encuadernación, en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX. Para este propósito, el trabajo se articula en tres momentos de reflexión, dedicados respectivamente a la presentación del manual y de sus contenidos, a la presentación del léxico objeto de estudio y finalmente al análisis morfológico de las unidades léxicas. Los resultados muestran un léxico que se encuentra en una etapa de transición, con una configuración morfológica en las que se encuentran huellas de los rasgos que caracterizan las etapas modernas de un léxico de especialidad, como la sustantivación y la sintagmación.
Aproximación a la historia del fenómeno neológico en español
Authors: Salomón Plata Juan Saúl
Published: July 2023

El presente estudio pretende ser una contribución a la lexicografía española y, de forma más específica, al neologismo por medio de una revisión bibliográfica que compila, analiza e interpreta las numerosas posturas que han ido sucediéndose a lo largo de los siglos sobre las dicciones de nueva creación. El recorrido diacrónico trazado profundiza, de este modo, en cómo era el neologismo en el Renacimiento, en el Barroco y en la Ilustración y, de forma más reciente, en los siglos xix, xx y xxi, de lo que se concluye cómo, con independencia del auge que ha experimentado en las últimas décadas, el fenómeno de la neología no es en absoluto reciente en el ámbito hispánico, ya que se remonta a los orígenes de la lengua española. Desde entonces hasta hoy, no han faltado opiniones ni argumentos tanto para aprobar como para rechazar en español el uso de voces de nueva creación, hecho que con la fundación de la Real Academia Española derivó en la diatriba que supone incluir o rechazar un neologismo en un instrumento filológico de referencia como es el Diccionario de la citada institución.
A Quanti-Qualitative Approach to Alexander’s Harmony-Seeking Computations
Authors: Rauber Alice , Krafta Romulo
Published: July 2023

Harmony-seeking computations, as proposed by Christopher Alexander, offer a way to tackle complexity. Smart, free agents, facing uncertainty, look for order in a context powered by fifteen attractors, or patterns. Harmony-seeking would then be a relatively guided path across those idealized patterns, towards wholeness and beauty. However, individuals acting to change the city must combine circumstances imposed by external and inner urban forces with personal interpretations of one or more of those patterns that could change all the time. Moreover, each action is intertwined with others, in an unpredictable outcome. This article explores the possibility of bringing together urban inner and outer forces and ingenious individuals’ actions of city change by hypothesizing: (a) wholeness as a structural attribute defined as spatial centrality; (b) beauty as meaning attached to places, evolving either from historic accumulation or individual assignment; (c) order as every meaningful approximation between them; (d) a disaggregated description of the urban organism, based on multi-layered graphs, in which would be possible to record both morphological and territorial characteristics (form, transport, infrastructure) and semantic attributes (land uses, public image, remote associations, symbolic relationships); and (e) a set of spatial differentiation measures, mostly based on centrality, potentially able to depict wholeness (by measuring the effect of each component on all others) and beauty (by measuring urban robustness derived from any selected set of components). A multilayer graph-based approach to spatial differentiation algorithms provides a framework for the description, analysis, and performance evaluation of every component, as well as the whole system, both through quantitative and qualitative representation.
Exemption from Indirect Taxes as a Tool to Reduce the Negative Effect of International Sanctions on the Russian Precious Metals Market
Authors: Chernov K. V.
Published: July 2023

The paper is devoted to the study of legal mechanisms of the impact of international organizations and foreign states on the economies of unfriendly states, including sanctions, their nature and consequences of application. In addition, the paper analyzes legal instruments for countering restrictions, such as tax exemptions, the norms of Russian tax legislation and legislation on precious metals, the norms of foreign legislation, in particular the Constitutional Act of Canada, the Act on Excise Taxes, the judicial practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The paper examines, among other things, the consequences of VAT exemption for the purchase of precious metals by individuals and their impact on the precious metals market. The author conducted a comparative study of the legal regulation of taxation of transactions with precious metals in Canada and its provinces. The paper also analyzes the doctrinal definition of the regulatory function of the tax.
Involvement of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of inotropy in the isolated rat heart
Authors: Khabibrakhmanov Insaf I. , Zefirov Andrey L. , Ziyatdinova Nafisa I. , Mukhamedyarov Marat A. , Zefirov Timur L.
Published: July 2023

Background. Although activation of 1-adrenergic receptors is not required for myocardial contractility, 1-adrenergic receptors can provide significant support for myocardial inotropy in various heart diseases.
Aim. To study the participation of 1A- and 1B-adrenergic receptors in the force contraction regulation of the left ventricle of an isolated rat heart.
Material and methods. Isolated hearts of 20-week-old rats were perfused with KrebsHenseleit solution according to the Langendorff method. The most important indicator of the inotropic function of the heart, the pressure developed by the left ventricle, was recorded using a latex balloon placed in the cavity of the left ventricle. At the 1st stage of the work, the effects of blockers of 1-adrenergic receptor subtypes on the force of contractions of an isolated heart were evaluated. At the 2nd stage, the effect of non-selective stimulation of 1-adrenergic receptors by methoxamine was studied. At the 3rd stage, the effect of methoxamine was evaluated against the background of selective blockade of 1A- or 1B-adrenergic receptors. Statistical analysis of data was performed using Statistica 6.0 software. The significance of changes between dependent data was assessed using the Wilcoxon test. To assess the differences between two sets of independent data, the MannWhitney U-test was used. Changes were considered statistically significant at p 0.05.
Results. Infusion of the 1A-adrenergic blocker WB4101 at a concentration of 106 mol/l led to an increase in the force of contraction of the isolated heart by 5.6% (p=0.048). Blocker of 1B-adrenergic receptors chloroethylclonidine dihydrochloride at a concentration of 108 mol/l caused a decrease in the force of contraction of the heart by 15% (p=0.046). Stimulation of 1A-adrenergic receptors with methoxamine (108 mol/l) led to a decrease in pressure developed by the left ventricle of an isolated heart by 47% (p=0.002). Preliminary blockade of 1A-adrenergic receptors significantly reduced the severity of the negative inotropic effect of methoxamine on the left ventricular myocardium. Preliminary blockade of 1B-adrenergic receptors changed the direction of the inotropic effect of methoxamine on the myocardium of the left ventricle of an isolated heart.
Conclusion. Non-selective stimulation of 1-adrenergic receptors by methoxamine leads to a significant decrease in cardiac inotropy, while preliminary blockade of 1A- or 1B-adrenergic receptors reduces the severity of this effect.
The experience of medical support for the evacuation of the civilian population, children and adolescents across the Road of Life in 1941–1942
Authors: Arsentev Vadim G. , Tsymbal Anastasia A. , Shabalov Nikolai P. , Tsymbal Aleksandr N. , Kalyadin Sergey B. , Pakhomova Mariya A.
Published: July 2023

The organization of medical support during the evacuation of the population, including children and adolescents during the Great Patriotic War, especially in 19411942, is unique. Attention is drawn to the scale the timing of the organization of evacuation, the number of evacuated people, methods by water, aviation, land transport. Special attention in conditions of shortage deserves catering all evacuees received a hot lunch and rations for the road in the form 1 kg of bread. Gradually, the prevention of infectious diseases was established, vaccination against dysentery was actively used, teams of epidemiologists and disinfection and washing teams were formed, medical support was provided. In total, from the beginning of the blockade to the end of 1942, about 1 million 100 thousand people were evacuated, of which 871 thousand Leningraders. And during the war, about 1 million 738 thousand people were taken out of Leningrad in an organized manner, of which 1 million 360 thousand Leningraders. Priority in mass evacuation was given to children and adolescents the future of the country. All the sick and wounded, whose treatment required more than 45 days, were subject to evacuation. Thanks to the precise organization of care for evacuees on the way and during the period of overload from one mode of transport to another, difficulties were transferred to the wounded and sick relatively easily. Thanks to the planned work during the evacuation, mass outbreaks of infectious diseases were prevented by medical workers, mortality was reduced as much as possible and the possibility of restoring normal nutrition and life in the evacuation areas was ensured.
Organization of palliative care for children in the Children’s Hospice of the Leningrad Region
Authors: Garanina Mariia M. , Pirogov Dmitry G.
Published: July 2023

Palliative care is an actively developing area. A separate area of palliative care is palliative care for children and their families, that is, support for children and adolescents and incurable, progressive diseases up to the age of 18. The relevance and demand for palliative and hospice care is confirmed by the growing number of patients in the North-Western Federal District who need them. In 2018, the Leningrad Region opened the State Autonomous Health Institution of the Leningrad Region Childrens Hospice (hereinafter the Childrens Hospice). The mission of the Childrens Hospice is to provide assistance where recovery is impossible, which is realized in an individual approach to each patient, taking into account his resources and environment, and not a diagnosis. The main goal is to improve the quality of life of children with incurable diseases and their families through providing them with multidisciplinary assistance. Childrens Hospice implements unique support programs for children with life-threatening or life-limiting diseases. The directions of development of the Childrens Hospice are outlined, related to the presence of myths and stereotypes in society, the remoteness of the districts of the Leningrad Region, the difficulties of interdepartmental interaction with regional healthcare institutions, the peculiarities of interaction of patients with specialists of various healthcare institutions and the occurrence of iatrogenic injuries, issues related to the anesthesia of patients. Promising growth points have been outlined that will optimize palliative care for children. In particular, conducting educational work, opening outpatient branches in certain districts of the Leningrad Region which will allow observing the time interval of the assistance provided.
Presence of uveitis as indicator of juvenile idiopathic arthritis severity: results of a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yakovlev Alexandr A. , Gaidar Ekaterina V. , Belozerov Konstantin E. , Kaneva Maria A. , Kononov Anatolii V. , Sorokina Lyubov S. , Isupova Evgeniya A. , Chikova Irina A. , Masalova Vera V. , Dubko Margarita F. , Nikitina Tatiana N. , Kalashnikova Olga V. , Chasnyk Vyacheslav G. , Kostik Mikhail M.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common rheumatic disease in children. A frequent extra-articular manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is uveitis, which is a serious clinical diagnostic problem in routine pediatric practice. Among the known risk factors for uveitis are the early age of the juvenile idiopathic arthritis onset, oligoarticular subtype, seropositivity by antinuclear factor.

AIM: to evaluate the influence of presence of uveitis on the course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center retrospective study included 520 patients with uveitis. The analysis was carried out among patients who developed (n = 116) and did not develop (n = 404) uveitis. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years, for patients who did not develop uveitis.

RESULTS: Uveitis was diagnosed in 116 (22.3%) children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Most often, uveitis occurred in patients with oligoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis. When comparing the features of the articular status of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who developed and did not develop uveitis, a lower frequency of involvement of the cervical spine, temporomandibular, shoulder, elbow, wrist, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, hip, talus-heel joint, as well as a smaller number of active joints in children with uveitis was found. Patients with uveitis received methotrexate therapy more often, cumulative doses of corticosteroids were lower, the frequency of prescribing genetically engineered biological drugs was approximately the same in both groups. Remission of arthritis was achieved more often, but the proportion of children who developed an exacerbation was higher. When calculating the risk factors of uveitis by binary logistic regression, it was found that the main predictors of uveitis were oligoarthritis, the number of active joints 8, seropositivity by antinuclear factor and recurrent course of arthritis. The difference in the frequency of achieving remission may be due to more aggressive systemic therapy in the presence of uveitis.

CONCLUSIONS: Children with uveitis have a more severe course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and may require more aggressive immuno-suppressive therapy. Further studies are required to determine the prognostic role of uveitis in the course and outcomes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Prospects for the use of platelet-rich plasma in the complex treatment of stage II–III osteochondritis dissecans of femoral condyles in children: A preliminary report
Authors: Arakelyan Anastasiia I. , Zorin Vyacheslav I. , Zakharyan Ekaterina A. , Nikitin Maxim S. , Semenov Sergey Yu.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:Osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyles is characterized by subchondral bone lesions, with subsequent formation ofanosteonecrosis area. In nearly half of the cases, gonarthrosis developed in the long-term period despite timely treatment of such patients, including children. The development of new techniques and the improvement of existing ones will help enhance the treatment results of patients with this pathology.
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of treatment inasmall clinical series of pediatric patients with osteochondritis dissecans by triple injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) according to the developed scheme in combination with revascularizing tunnelization of the lesion area.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:Seven patients with stage I or II osteochondritis dissecans were treated by revascularizing stimulation of the osteonecrosis center by triple injections of PRP (the first procedure was conducted intraoperatively intraosseously and the two other injections subsequently intraarticularly). The follow-up period was10 (611)months, withamaximum duration of 12 months.
RESULTS:The observation results demonstrateahigh efficacy of PRP therapy to enhance the effect of mechanical methods of osteochondrogenesis stimulation in children with osteochondritis dissecans.
CONCLUSIONS:The use of orthobiological technologies isanactively developing and promising approach in the complex treatment of children with osteochondritis dissecans of the femur condyles. However, further observation is required to evaluate the long-term results.
Trauma rates in children in Saint Petersburg and inpatient trauma care
Authors: Baindurashvili Alexey G. , Vissarionov Sergei V. , Zaletina Anna V. , Lapkin Yuri A. , Schepina Elena N.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:Increasing rates of childhood trauma, poisoning, and sequelae of environmental exposure not only reduce the quality of life of children and their families but also lead to disability and death. Statistical analysis of childhood trauma data makes it possible to define risk age groups among children and adolescents, identify the causes of the decrease or increase in the rates, estimate the level of medical care, and make necessary management decisions.
AIM:To assess the state of childhood trauma in St. Petersburg and its changes in 5 years (20162020) and the provision of inpatient trauma care.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:Data on childhood trauma in St. Petersburg were analyzed based on the analysis of Federal statistical observation forms submitted by the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Institution Medical Center for Information and Analysis, collections of N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Trauma, orthopedic morbidity, the state of trauma and orthopedic care for the population, edited by Acad. S.P. Mironov, RAS, and data from the Federal State Statistics Service.
RESULTS:From 2016 to 2019, the frequency of trauma, poisoning, and sequelae of environmental exposure in children of St. Petersburg slightly increased. In 2020, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, childhood trauma rates decreased, and the most significant decrease in trauma rates was recorded at 32%36% in adolescents aged 1517 years. Despite the overall decrease in childhood trauma in 2020, the structure of trauma due to environmental exposure revealedan81% increase in transport accidents, compared with previous years, anda39% increase in trauma due to injuries with undetermined intentions. For 5 years, the number of beds was reduced, and by 2020, the provision of trauma, and orthopedic beds for children in St. Petersburg was 1.4 beds per 10 thousand children, which corresponds to the data for Russia.
CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of traumatic injuries slightly increased in children in St. Petersburg, mostly in children aged 04 years, and mortality from environmental exposure also increased in adolescence.Acorrelation was found between the COVID-19 pandemic andadecrease in the number of visits and hospital admissions of children with trauma to medical institutions. Moreover, the incidence of severe, high-energy injuries that require more serious treatment approaches also increased, as evidenced by the annual increase in the number of surgical interventions in children with traumatic injuries. The new form of statistical reporting does not allow us to determine all causes of trauma. The provision of trauma care for children in St. Petersburg remains atanappropriate level.
Electrostimulation as a method of correction of respiratory disorders in patients with cervical spinal cord injury: A review
Authors: Toriya Vachtang G. , Vissarionov Sergei V. , Savina Margarita V. , Baindurashvili Alexey G.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:Patients with cervical spinal cord injury have the highest risk of developing respiratory dysfunction and associated complications such as pneumonia, atelectasis, and respiratory failure. Respiratory dysfunction is the leading cause of comorbid, somatic, and infectious pathology, and mortality following traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries. Mechanical ventilation of the lungs is the standard treatment for such patients; however, it is associated with atrophy and diaphragm dysfunction. AIM:To analyze literature data on the use of electrical stimulation techniques of the spinal cord, nerves, and muscles for the correction of respiratory disorders in patients with cervical spinal cord trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study presented the results of the search and analysis of peer-reviewed articles that examined the effects of various electrical stimulation techniques on respiratory function in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed were searched from 2000 to 2022. RESULTS:Currently, new treatment options are available for patients with tetraplegia, with reduced ventilatory function. Many studies have shown the positive effect of electrostimulation techniques on ventilatory function such as reduced time spent on mechanical ventilation and reduced incidence of infections and other lung complications. CONCLUSIONS:Electrical stimulation promotes neuromuscular plasticity and results in improved spontaneous activation of the diaphragm and respiratory muscles. Electrostimulation inacomprehensive rehabilitation program of patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries at the cervical level is currently employed to promote weaning from mechanical ventilation and prevent accompanying complications such as respiratory failure, pneumonia, and atelectasis. In addition to invasive electrical stimulation of the diaphragmatic nerve and/or spinal cord, existing less invasive electrostimulation techniques require further investigation in patients with spinal cord injury and respiratory dysfunction.
Correlation between frontal X-ray parameters of the hip joint and sagittal vertebral-pelvic profile in patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Novikov Vladimir A. , Umnov Valery V. , Umnov Dmitry V. , Zvozil Alexey V. , Zharkov Dmitry S. , Mustafaeva Alina R. , Vissarionov Sergei V.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:Posture disorders and spinal deformity in the sagittal plane (kyphotic deformity of the thoracic region and lumbar hyperlordosis in combination with pelvic inclination) are quite common in patients with cerebral palsy. However, their relationship with the frontal indicators of the hip joint is not reported in the scientific literature.
AIM:To reveal the relationship between the radiographic frontal indicators of the hip joint and the indicators of the spinal-pelvic sagittal balance in patients with cerebral palsy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:Atransverse study of the X-ray parameters of the hip joints in the frontal plane and sagittal vertebral-pelvic profile was performed in 46 patients with cerebral palsy aged 515 (mean age, 8.2 3.6) years.
RESULTS:Asignificant difference from the norm was found in the following parameters: cervical-diaphyseal angle, pelvic tilt angle, pelvic tilt angle, sacral tilt angle, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and sagittal vertical axis deviation (p 0.05). The Sharp angle, migration index, Wiberg angle, and thoracic kyphosis were normal. Measurements of the frontal radiographic parameters of the right and left hip joints do not differ significantly from each other. The pelvic tilt showedapositive and strong correlation with pelvic tilt (p= 0.71).Apositive and moderate correlation was found determined betweenasequential chain of related elements of the axial skeleton, namely, sacral inclination-lumbar lordosis (p= 0.66) and lumbar lordosis-thoracic kyphosis (p= 0.41). The deviation of the sagittal vertical axis negatively correlated with lumbar lordosis (p= 0.69) and thoracic kyphosis (p= 0.38). The results demonstrateanegative and weak correlation between SDA and sacral tilt (p= 0.40).
CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study indicateacorrelation between the inclination of the sacrum and the lumbar spine in patients with cerebral palsy, which confirms the main theories of the formation of excessive lumbar lordosis of the spine in these patients and allows us to develop pathogenetic preventive measures against spinal deformities. In this study, we failed to identifyasignificant relationship between the frontal radiographic parameters of the hip joint and sagittal pelvic-vertebral profile. However, hip joint instability inachild with cerebral palsy can playasignificant role in the occurrence and development of sagittal spinal deformities.
The development of an interactive e-book as a guide for making presentation slides in student final exams
Authors: Ilmudinulloh Rafiud
Published: July 2023

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan E-book interaktif panduan pembuatan slide presentasi ujian akhir mahasiswa yang layak digunakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan 4D yang terdiri atas tahapan Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate. Data dikumpukan menggunakan tiga jenis angket, yakni validasi ahli media, validasi ahli materi, dan uji lapangan.  Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan menyajikannya dalam bentuk tabel dan diagram. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa E-book interaktif panduan pembuatan slide presentasi ujian akhir mahasiswa layak untuk digunakan dengan perolehan skor rata–rata 4.2, atau 84 persen yang berkategori baik tanpa revisi. Mahasiswa tidak hanya dimudahkan dalam hal teknis, tetapi juga teknologis, di mana E-book interaktif mudah untuk diakses dan disebarluarkan, serta menyenangkan bagi mahasiswa yang tertarik dalam inovasi pembelajaran. Hadirnya buku panduan berbasis E-book interaktif ini juga membantu dosen memberikan penilaian pada saat ujian akhir melalui kriteria dan indikator yang tersirat dalam buku tersebut. Abstract: This study aimed to produce an interactive e-book of a guide for making student final exam presentation slides that are appropriate for use. This study employed a 4D model consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. Data were collected using three types of questionnaires, namely media expert validation, material expert validation, and field tests. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics by presenting them in tables and diagrams. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the interactive e-book was feasible to use with an average score of 4.2 or 84 percent, which falls in the "good" category without revision. Students are not only facilitated in technical terms, but also technological terms, where interactive e-books are easy to access and distribute. This also assists lecturers in providing assessments during student final exams through the criteria and indicators implied in the interactive e-book.