bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Non-Isolated High-Gain Y-Source Converters Topologies
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Panbao , Yan Enpeng , Wang Wei , Xu Dianguo
Published: June 2024

Due to the low voltage and high randomness of renewable energy, high-performance grid-connected converters are needed. With the advantages of a high boost ratio, flexible design, and simple control, the Y-Source Converter (YSC) is widely concerned. However, there are a few drawbacks to the traditional Y-source converter, including significant switching stress, voltage voltage overshoot, and discontinuous current. To solve the problems above, a series of improved topologies are proposed. Moreover, the voltage gain, current ripple, and soft switching characteristics have also been optimized. So far, the existing literature lacks the collation and comparison of different topologies of Y-source, as well as the analysis of its evolution process. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of Y-source converters’ topologies. According to their features and applications, different topologies are classified and described, leading to guidance for the selection of YSCs under different scenarios. Meanwhile, the working principle, evolution process, and vital issues are analyzed. By revealing their deductive rules, valuable suggestions are provided for the future development of YSCs.
An Overview of Pyrolysis as Waste Treatment to Produce Eco-Energy
Authors: Cuevas Ana B. , Leiva-Candia David E. , Dorado M. P.
Published: June 2024

The aim of this review is to understand the progress in waste material management through pyrolysis to produce eco-energy. The growing demand for energy, combined with the depletion of traditional fossil fuels and their contribution to environmental problems, has led to the search for waste-to-energy technologies in pursuit of carbon neutrality. While municipal residues are only part of the waste management problem, the impact of discarded plastics on the environment and landfills is significant. Plastics not only take centuries to decompose, but also seriously pollute the oceans. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that allows for the thermal decomposition of waste in the absence of oxygen. There are several types of pyrolytic reactors, including batch and continuous ones. Batch reactors are preferred to process polymeric waste, with studies highlighting the importance of optimizing parameters, i.e., type of feedstock, heating rate, and pyrolysis temperature. Moreover, the choice of reactor type can influence the yield and structure of the final compounds. Furthermore, various studies have highlighted the gas heating value obtained through waste pyrolysis and how the composition of the liquid fraction is influenced by the type of polyethylene used. Though scientific interest in pyrolysis is remarkable, as publications have increased in recent years, kinetics studies are scarce. Overall, pyrolysis is a promising technique for managing waste materials to produce energy. Ongoing research and development in this area offer significant potential for improving the sustainability of waste management systems.
Combustion Efficiency of Various Forms of Solid Biofuels in Terms of Changes in the Method of Fuel Feeding into the Combustion Chamber
Authors: Dula Małgorzata , Kraszkiewicz Artur , Parafiniuk Stanisław
Published: June 2024

This study analyzes the combustion of pellets and briquettes made of plant biomass in low-power heating devices powered periodically with fuel being placed on the grate, as well as after modification using an automatic fuel feeding system in the gutter burner. The use of herbaceous biomass in the form of pellets in low-power heating devices with automatic fuel feeding and combustion in a gutter burner is not widely promoted and popular. Therefore, this study used four types of herbaceous waste biomass (wheat straw, rye straw, oat straw and hay) and one type of woody waste biomass (birch sawdust) for testing. The basic chemical characteristics were determined for the raw materials. After appropriate preparation, the selected starting materials were subjected to briquetting and pelleting processes. Selected physical properties were also determined for the obtained biofuels. Biofuels made from birch sawdust had the lowest heat value (16.34 MJ·kg−1), although biofuels made from wheat, rye and hay straw had a slightly lower calorific value, respectively: 16.29; 16.28 and 16.26 MJ·kg−1. However, the calorific value of oat straw biofuels was only 15.47 MJ kg−1. Moreover, the ash content for herbaceous biomass was 2–4 times higher than for woody biomass. Similar differences between herbaceous and woody biomass were also observed for the nitrogen and sulfur content. To burn the prepared biofuels, a domestic grate-fired biomass boiler was used, periodically fed with portions of fuel in the form of pellets or briquettes (type A tests), which was then modified with a gutter burner enabling the automatic feeding of fuel in the form of pellets (type B tests). During the combustion tests with simultaneous timing, the concentration of CO2, CO, NO and SO2 in the exhaust gases was examined and the temperature of the supplied air and exhaust gases was measured. The stack loss (qA), combustion efficiency index (CEI) and toxicity index (TI) were also calculated. The research shows that the use of automatic fuel feeding stabilizes the combustion process. The combustion process is balanced between herbaceous and woody biomass biofuels. Disparities in CO2, CO and Tgas emissions are decreasing. However, during type B tests, an increase in NO emissions is observed. At the same time, the research conducted indicates that the combustion of herbaceous biomass pellets with their automatic feeding into the combustion chamber is characterized by an increase in combustion efficiency, indicating that when the combustion process is automated, they are a good replacement for wood biofuels—both pellets and briquettes.
Thermal Infrared-Image-Enhancement Algorithm Based on Multi-Scale Guided Filtering
Authors: Li Huaizhou , Wang Shuaijun , Li Sen , Wang Hong , Wen Shupei , Li Fengyu
Published: June 2024

Obtaining thermal infrared images with prominent details, high contrast, and minimal background noise has always been a focal point of infrared technology research. To address issues such as the blurriness of details and low contrast in thermal infrared images, an enhancement algorithm for thermal infrared images based on multi-scale guided filtering is proposed. This algorithm fully leverages the excellent edge-preserving characteristics of guided filtering and the multi-scale nature of the edge details in thermal infrared images. It uses multi-scale guided filtering to decompose each thermal infrared image into multiple scales of detail layers and a base layer. Then, CLAHE is employed to compress the grayscale and enhance the contrast of the base layer image. Then, detail-enhancement processing of the multi-scale detail layers is performed. Finally, the base layer and the multi-scale detail layers are linearly fused to obtain an enhanced thermal infrared image. Our experimental results indicate that, compared to other methods, the proposed method can effectively enhance image contrast and enrich image details, and has higher image quality and stronger scene adaptability.
Modal Analysis of a Fire-Damaged Masonry Vault
Authors: La Scala Armando , Loprieno Pierpaolo , Ivorra Salvador , Foti Dora , La Scala Massimo
Published: June 2024

This study analyzes the thermo-mechanical behavior of a brick vault and the effect of a fire on its dynamic characteristics. Based on the results of an experimental test of a real barrel vault with a net span of 161 cm and a net rise of 46.5 cm, an accurate numerical model to simulate the behavior of the brick-and-mortar structure under thermo-mechanical stresses has been implemented. The comparison of the evolution of the displacement in the keystone and the temperatures at various points of the vault allows us to affirm that the adopted micro-modeling approach presents a good accuracy and a feasible computational effort. Finally, this study shows, from a numerical point of view, how the variation in the structure’s eigenfrequencies can be predicted for extreme situations, such as fire damage. This aspect can be critical to develop effective intervention and prevention strategies, which can be useful for the preservation of our valuable cultural and historic resources.
How Sugar Labeling Affects Consumer Sugar Reduction: A Case of Sucrose Grade Labels in China
Authors: Xin Yijing , Sheng Jiping , Yi Fujin , Hu Yang
Published: June 2024

The effectiveness of sugar labeling depends not only on direct sugar reduction but also on the extent to which compensatory eating occurs. This study focuses on the use of sucrose grade labels in the Chinese market to investigate not only consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for different sucrose labels but also the consistency of their sugar control behavior when confronted with unlabeled processed foods. The findings reveal that consumers are willing to pay approximately 4%, 7%, and 7% more for yogurt labeled as “low sucrose”, “no sucrose”, and “no sucrose with sugar substitutes”, respectively, compared to yogurt labeled as “regular sucrose.” Furthermore, when subsequently presented with unlabeled toast, a significant proportion of consumers who initially chose “no sucrose” yogurt continued to select wholewheat toast, which contains less sugar than white and coconut toast. This indicates their commitment to maintaining their sugar control behavior. The study provides valuable experimental evidence for researchers, food manufacturers, and policymakers regarding the efficacy of sucrose grade labels. In particular, it offers policymakers insights into guiding consumers to promote sustainable healthy diets.
Effect of Thermal Treatment on Gelling and Emulsifying Properties of Soy β-Conglycinin and Glycinin
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jin Mengru , Wang Hong , Cheng Siqi , Cao Jialu , Kang Dingrong , Zhang Jingnan , Zhou Wei , Zhang Longteng , Zhu Rugang , Liu Donghong , Liu Guanchen
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the impact of different preheat treatments on the emulsifying and gel textural properties of soy protein with varying 11S/7S ratios. A mixture of 7S and 11S globulins, obtained from defatted soybean meal, was prepared at different ratios. The mixed proteins were subjected to preheating (75 °C, 85 °C, and 95 °C for 5 min) or non-preheating, followed by spray drying or non-spray drying. The solubility of protein mixtures rich in the 7S fraction tended to decrease significantly after heating at 85 °C, while protein mixtures rich in the 11S fraction showed a significant decrease after heating at 95 °C. Surprisingly, the emulsion stability index (ESI) of protein mixtures rich in the 7S fraction significantly improved twofold during processing at 75 °C. This study revealed a negative correlation between the emulsifying ability of soy protein and the 11S/7S ratio. For protein mixtures rich in either the 7S or the 11S fractions, gelling proprieties as well as emulsion activity index (EAI) and ESI showed no significant changes after spray drying; however, surface hydrophobicity was significantly enhanced following heating at 85 °C post-spray drying treatment. These findings provide insights into the alterations in gelling and emulsifying properties during various heating processes, offering great potential for producing soy protein ingredients with enhanced emulsifying ability and gelling property. They also contribute to establishing a theoretical basis for the standardized production of soy protein isolate with specific functional characteristics.
Morzeddhu: A Unique Example of a Traditional and Sustainable Typical Dish from Catanzaro
Authors: Alcaro Stefano , Rocca Roberta , Rotundo Maria Grazia , Bianco Francesco , Scordamaglia Luigi
Published: June 2024

“Morzeddhu” in the local dialect of Catanzaro (“Morzello” in Italian) is an official typical dish of the capital of the Calabria region. It is a peasant dish, almost unknown at an international level, that labels, in an extraordinary way, the culinary identity of Catanzaro, a city founded around the X century. After America’s discovery, its preparation was optimized and definitively fixed. Its recipe is strictly based on a cow’s “fifth quarter” combined with spicy and typical Mediterranean vegetables. Remarkably, no pork meat is used, and when all traditional ingredients are included in the complex and quite long preparation of this special dish, it can deserve the title of “Illustrissimo”. This review provides a scientific description of Illustrissimo, emphasizing its unique properties and connection to the circular economy, food security, and the Mediterranean diet. We also highlight its unique quality compared to other alternatives through an analysis of their nutritional facts and bioactive compounds. Nutritionally, offal and fifth quarter components are a rich source of high-quality protein, with lower levels of total fat and saturated fatty acids compared to other meat cuts. In essence, this dish offers a great example of a high-quality yet affordable meal, aligning perfectly with a Mediterranean diet.
Enhancing the Biological Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae through Advanced Processing Techniques: Pioneering Ingredients for Next-Generation Food Production
Authors: Bürck Monize , Ramos Sergiana dos Passos , Braga Anna Rafaela Cavalcante
Published: June 2024

The heightened interest in healthy dietary practices and the preference for fresh, minimally processed foods with reduced additives have witnessed a significant surge among consumers. Within this context, bioactive compounds have garnered attention as potent agents offering beneficial biological effects when integrated into food formulations. Nevertheless, the efficacy of these bioactive compounds in product development encounters numerous challenges during various processing and storage stages due to their inherent instability. Addressing these limitations necessitates exploring novel technological approaches tailored explicitly to the application of bioactive compounds in food production. These approaches should not only focus on preserving the bioactive compounds within food matrices but also on retaining the sensory attributes (color, taste, and aroma) of the final food products. The impact of microalgae and their bioactive compounds on human health and well-being has been extensively reported in the literature. However, there is still a gap regarding the processing and stability of microalgal bioactive compounds to improve their application in the food industry. The main goal of the present work is to point out how to overcome technological challenges in enhancing the stability of bioactive compounds from microalgae for optimal food applications.
Fermentation Performance Evaluation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains for Sichuan Radish Paocai Production
Authors: Fan Yiwen , Yang Xu , Hu Cihai , Wei Banghong , Xu Fei , Guo Quanyou
Published: June 2024

Fermented vegetable products play a significant role in various cuisines, and understanding the fermentation dynamics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains is essential for optimizing their production and quality. Here, we sought to investigate the fermentation performance of five LAB strains isolated from Sichuan paocai as starters for paocai. Sensory evaluation revealed that the inoculation of radish paocai samples with LAB strains effectively improved the overall liking and sensory satisfaction of participants, increasing the scores to varying degrees in terms of taste, flavor, texture, and coloration. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus exhibited a good salt resistance in radish juice and could grow in a medium containing 10% NaCl. Four indicator strains commonly found in contaminated paocai were effectively inhibited by fermented LAB broths, which improved the edibility and safe production of paocai. Compared to spontaneous fermentation (CK), radish paocai inoculated with LAB showed a significantly accelerated acid production rate, shortening the fermentation period by approximately two days. The contents of titratable total acids, organic acids, and free amino acids were higher in the inoculated samples and were enriched in the taste of radish paocai. The content of volatile organic compounds in the inoculated samples was higher than that in CK. Based on OPLS-DA analysis, 31 key indicators of paocai quality were screened and used to rank the fermentation performances of the five strains using the TOPSIS method; here, Lpb. plantarum and Lcb. rhamnosus achieved the highest scores. This study provides a reference for selecting LAB strains as efficient and secure fermentation starters to optimize paocai quality.
Combined Relaxation Spectra for the Prediction of Meat Quality: A Case Study on Broiler Breast Fillets with the Wooden Breast Condition
Authors: Pang Bin , Bowker Brian , Yoon Seung-Chul , Yang Yi , Zhang Jian , Xue Changhu , Chang Yaoguang , Sun Jingxin , Zhuang Hong
Published: June 2024

This study evaluated the potential of using combined relaxation (CRelax) spectra within time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) measurements to predict meat quality. Broiler fillets affected by different severities of the wooden breast (WB) conditions were used as case-study samples because of the broader ranges of meat-quality variations. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were established to predict water-holding capacity (WHC) and meat texture, demonstrating superior CRelax capabilities for predicting meat quality. Additionally, a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was developed to predict WB severity based on CRelax spectra. The models exhibited high accuracy in distinguishing normal fillets from those affected by the WB condition and demonstrated competitive performance in classifying WB severity. This research contributes innovative insights into advanced spectroscopic techniques for comprehensive meat-quality evaluation, with implications for enhancing precision in meat applications.
Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Anthocyanidin Reductase Gene Family in Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)
Authors: Liang Bin , Ye Xiuxu , Li Huanling , Li Fang , Wang Shujun , Jiang Chengdong , Wang Jiabao , Wang Peng
Published: June 2024

Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is a key enzyme regulating anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation in plants. Here, lychee ANR genes were globally identified, their sequence and phylogenetic characteristics were analyzed, and their spatiotemporal expression patterns were characterized. A total of 51 ANR family members were identified in the lychee genome. The length of the encoded amino acid residues ranged from 87 aa to 289 aa, the molecular weight ranged from 9.49 KD to 32.40 KD, and the isoelectric point (pI) ranged from 4.83 to 9.33. Most of the members were acidic proteins. Most members of the LcANR family were located in the cytoplasm. The 51 LcANR family members were unevenly distributed in 11 chromosomes, and their exons and motif conserved structures were significantly different from each other. Promoters in over 90% of LcANR members contained anaerobically induced response elements, and 88% contained photoresponsive elements. Most LcANR family members had low expression in nine lychee tissues and organs (root, young leaf, bud, female flower, male flower, pericarp, pulp, seed, and calli), and some members showed tissue-specific expression patterns. The expression of one gene, LITCHI029356.m1, decreased with the increase of anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Feizixiao’ and ‘Ziniangxi’ pericarp, which was negatively correlated with pericarp coloring. The identified LcANR gene was heterologously expressed in tobacco K326, and the function of the LcANR gene was verified. This study provides a basis for the further study of LcANR function, particularly the role in lychee pericarp coloration.
UAV, GNSS, and GIS for the Rapid Assessment of Multi-Occurrence Landslides
Authors: Nikolakopoulos Konstantinos G. , Kyriou Aggeliki , Koukouvelas Ioannis K.
Published: June 2024

Intense long-duration rainfall or extreme precipitation in a few hours can provoke many simultaneous shallow landslides. In the past, the term multi-occurrence regional landslides (MORLEs) was proposed to describe such phenomena. In the current study, unmanned aerial vehicles in combination with a global navigation satellite system sensor and geographical information systems seem to be the ideal solution for the rapid assessment of many landslides occurring in Aitoloakarnania Prefecture, Western Greece. Fourteen landslides were accurately mapped within a few working days, and precise orthophotos and reports were created and submitted to the local authorities. The analysis of meteorological data proved that there is a peak in precipitation height that triggers the MORLEs in the specific area. Specifically, the value of the daily precipitation was defined at 80 mm.
Risk Assessment in Landslide-Prone Terrain within a Complex Geological Setting at Kadugannawa, Sri Lanka: Implications for Highway Maintenance
Authors: Pitawala Sunera Mahinsa , Wimalakeerthi Harindu , Heinze Thomas
Published: June 2024

The major highway in Sri Lanka that links the capital, Colombo, with the second capital, Kandy, passes through Kadugannawa, characterized by steep hills. The geological and geomorphological setting of the terrain often leads to slope failures. The objective of this study is to interpret the key factors influencing the slope failures that occurred in close proximity at two separate locations with two different slope conditions. Typical local and regional brittle and ductile structures include fault scarps, deep-seated detachments, and variable folding. According to our results, one of the studied locations experienced translational landslides because of weakened basement rock surfaces, hydrophilic clay minerals, and anthropogenic influences, whereas the other location experienced multiple stages of mass movement influenced by inhomogeneous colluvial soil and regional, geological, and hydrogeological conditions. Based on the present study, it can be concluded that geological studies must be carried out within the local area rather than at the regional scale. Otherwise, the constructions for the prevention of landslides in complicated geological settings will fail or may not be used for a long period. Moreover, consideration of future climate change is essential when undertaking construction in challenging terrains.
Machine Learning Approach for Cardiovascular Death Prediction among Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Fatemi Yasin , Nikfar Mohsen , Oladazimi Amir , Zheng Jingyi , Hoy Haley , Ali Haneen
Published: June 2024

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality among nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients who undergo liver transplants. In the present study, machine learning algorithms were used to identify important risk factors for cardiovascular death and to develop a prediction model. The Standard Transplant Analysis and Research data were gathered from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. After cleaning and preprocessing, the dataset comprised 10,871 patients and 92 features. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) and select from model (SFM) were applied to select relevant features from the dataset and avoid overfitting. Multiple machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, random forest, decision tree, and XGBoost, were used with RFE and SFM. Additionally, prediction models were developed using a support vector machine, Gaussian naïve Bayes, K-nearest neighbors, random forest, and XGBoost algorithms. Finally, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used to increase interpretability. The findings showed that the best feature selection method was RFE with a random forest estimator, and the most critical features were recipient and donor blood type, body mass index, recipient and donor state of residence, serum creatinine, and year of transplantation. Furthermore, among all the outcomes, the XGBoost model had the highest performance, with an accuracy value of 0.6909 and an area under the curve value of 0.86. The findings also revealed a predictive relationship between features and cardiovascular death after liver transplant among NASH patients. These insights may assist clinical decision-makers in devising strategies to prevent cardiovascular complications in post-liver transplant NASH patients.
The Battle for ‘Authentic’ Heritage: The Case of the Dobbins Restoration
Authors: Kerr Sarah , Patrick Laura
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces a recently restored late-medieval tower house called the Dobbins, located in the historic town of Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland. The restoration process transformed what appeared visually as a Georgian house into a medieval-esque tower house. Despite considerable historical and archaeological research prior to the restoration, the responses from the local community were mixed. This ignited a discussion surrounding whether or not the Dobbins is authentic. Multiple understandings of authenticity are used to analyse the restoration results and evaluate whether a desire for authenticity can be detected. It is clear that authenticity is a myriad of complexities and contradictions comprising tangible, intangible, stable and dynamic elements, and when this is a motivation for restoration the complexity is embedded in the result. This is deconstructed to find that tourism and local identities underpinned the motivation for authenticity and their role in influencing the hierarchy of narratives retold through the restored Dobbins will be discussed. By exploring the authenticity craze through the prism of the Dobbins, this paper allows a deeper understanding of the term to be generated.
Predicting Post-Disaster Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Trajectories: The Role of Pre-Disaster Traumatic Experiences
Authors: Johnson Sydney T. , Mason Susan M. , Erickson Darin , Slaughter-Acey Jaime C. , Waters Mary C.
Published: June 2024

The mental health impact of disasters is substantial, with 30–40% of direct disaster victims developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is not yet clear why some people cope well with disaster-related trauma while others experience chronic dysfunction. Prior research on non-disaster trauma suggests that an individual’s history of traumatic experiences earlier in the life course, prior to the disaster, may be a key factor in explaining variability in psychological responses to disasters. This study evaluated the extent to which pre-disaster trauma predicts PTSD trajectories in a sample of Hurricane Katrina survivors followed for 12 years after the storm. Four PTSD trajectories were identified using latent class growth analysis: Resistant (49.0%), Recovery (29.3%), Delayed-Onset (8.0%), and Chronic–High (13.7%). After adjusting for covariates, pre-Katrina trauma had only a small, positive impact on the probability of long-term, chronic Katrina-specific PTSD, and little effect on the probability of the Resistant and Delayed-Onset trajectories. Higher pre-Katrina trauma exposure moderately decreased the probability of being in the Recovery trajectory, in which Katrina-specific PTSD symptoms are initially high before declining over time. When covariates were added to the model one at a time, the association between pre-Katrina trauma and Chronic–High PTSD was attenuated most by the addition of Katrina-related trauma. Our findings suggest that while pre-disaster trauma exposure does not have a strong direct effect on chronic Katrina-specific PTSD, pre-Katrina trauma may impact PTSD through other factors that affect Katrina-related PTSD, such as by increasing the severity of Katrina-related trauma. These findings have important implications for the development of disaster preparedness strategies to diminish the long-term burden of disaster-related PTSD.
Healthcare Provider-Based Contraceptive Coercion: Understanding U.S. Patient Experiences and Describing Implications for Measurement
Authors: Swan Laura , Cannon Lindsay
Published: June 2024

Despite growing concerns over coercion in contraceptive care, few studies have described its frequency and manifestations. Further, there is no established quantitative method of measuring this construct. We begin to fill this gap by detailing nuance in contraceptive coercion experiences and testing a novel measure: the Coercion in Contraceptive Care Checklist. In early 2023, we surveyed reproductive-aged people in the United States who were assigned female at birth about their contraceptive care. We describe the frequency of contraceptive coercion in our sample (N = 1197) and use open-ended descriptions to demonstrate nuances in these experiences. Finally, we debut our checklist and present psychometric testing results. Among people who had ever talked to a healthcare provider about contraception, over one in six participants (18.46%) reported experiencing coercion during their last contraceptive counseling, and over one in three (42.27%) reported it at some point in their lifetime. Being made to use or keep using birth control pills was the most common form of coercion reported by patients (14.62% lifetime frequency). Factor analysis supported the two-factor dimensionality of the Coercion in Contraceptive Care Checklist. Inter-item correlations were statistically significant (p < 0.001), providing evidence of reliability. The checklist was also related to measures of quality in family planning care (downward coercion: t[1194] = 7.54, p < 0.001; upward coercion: t[1194] = 14.76, p < 0.001) and discrimination in healthcare (downward coercion: t[1160] = −14.77, p < 0.001; upward coercion: t[1160] = −18.27, p < 0.001), providing evidence of construct validity. Findings provide critical information about the frequency and manifestations of contraceptive coercion. Psychometric tests reveal evidence of the Coercion in Contraceptive Care Checklist’s validity, reliability, and dimensionality while also suggesting avenues for future testing and refinement.
Advancing Cancer Workforce Capacity for American Indians and Alaska Natives: The Development of a Validated System to Optimize Trainee Participation and Outcome Tracking
Authors: Laurila Kelly A. , Rogers Laurie D. , Valencia Celina I. , Lee Naomi , de Heer Hendrik , Bea Jennifer W. , Ingram Jani C. , Gachupin Francine C.
Published: June 2024

Although American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) students are the most underrepresented group in the U.S. in biomedical and health sciences relative to population size, little is known about long-term research education programs and outcome tracking. For over 20 years, the Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention (NACP) has been supported under the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI)-funded Comprehensive Partnerships to Advance Cancer Health Equity (CPACHE) program. Programming included hands-on mentored research and an array of development opportunities. A validated tracking system combining participation records, institutional records, and enrollment/degree attainment from the National Student Clearinghouse documents outcomes. Collectively (2002–2022) NACP engaged 367 AIAN trainees, of whom 237 individuals earned 220 bachelors, 87 masters, and 34 doctoral/professional degrees. Approximately 45% of AIAN doctoral recipients are currently engaged in academic or clinical work, and 10% in industry or tribal leadership. A total of 238 AIAN students participated in mentored research, with 85% demonstrating strong outcomes; 51% attained a degree, and 34% are currently enrolled. Implementation of a robust tracking system documented acceleration in degree attainment over time. Next steps will evaluate the most impactful training activities on student outcomes.
Psychological Therapies Used for the Reduction of Habitual Cigarette Smoking Cigarette Consumption: A Systematic Review
Authors: Carrillo-Sierra Sandra-Milena , Cárdenas-Cáceres Lorena , Cadrazco-Urquijo John Anderson , Salazar-Gómez Angie Natalia , Rivera-Porras Diego , Bermúdez Valmore
Published: June 2024

Globally, there are around 1.3 billion cigarette consumers, indicating it to be the second highest risk factor for early death and morbidity. Meanwhile, psychological therapy offers tools based on its different models and techniques, which can contribute to smoking cessation. In this context, this study gathers scientific evidence to identify psychological therapies that can be used to reduce cigarette consumption. A systematic review of controlled clinical studies was conducted, implementing the PRISMA methodology. Search queries were performed with terms extracted from MESH (Medical Subject Headings) and DECS (Descriptors in Health Sciences). Subsequently, the search was queried in the scientific databases of Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and PsycNet, with subsequent verification of methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. The selected documents revealed that cognitive behavioral therapy prevails due to its use and effectiveness in seven publications (25%). The cognitive approach with mindfulness therapy is found in 4 publications (14%), the transtheoretical model with motivational therapy in 4 publications (14%), brief psychological therapy in 3 publications (10%), and the remaining 10 documents (37%) correspond with others. Intervention studies refer to cognitive behavioral therapy as the most used in reducing cigarette consumption; in terms of the duration of abstinence, scientific evidence shows beneficial effects with short-term reduction.
Editorial: Mitochondrial Research: Yeast and Human Cells as Models 2.0
Authors: Ždralević Maša , Musicco Clara , Giannattasio Sergio
Published: June 2024

Mitochondrial research stands at the forefront of modern biology, unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing cellular metabolism, energy production, and disease pathogenesis [...]
Into a Deeper Understanding of CYP2D6’s Role in Risperidone Monotherapy and the Potential Side Effects in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Bondrescu Mariana , Dehelean Liana , Farcas Simona , Dragan Patricia Alexandra , Podaru Carla Andreea , Popa Laura , Andreescu Nicoleta
Published: June 2024

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are a group of diseases characterized by one or more abnormal features in perception, thought processing and behavior. Patients suffering from SSD are at risk of developing life-threatening complications. Pharmacogenetic studies have shown promising results on personalized treatment of psychosis. In the current study, 103 patients diagnosed with SSD treated with risperidone as antipsychotic monotherapy were enrolled. Socio-demographics and clinical data were recorded, and laboratory tests and genotyping standard procedure for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6*4 were performed. Patients were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) on admission and at discharge. Based on the reduction in the PANSS total score, subjects were divided into non-responders, partial responders and full responders. Only 11 subjects had a full response to risperidone (10.67%), 53 subjects (51.45%) had a partial response, and 39 participants (37.86%) were non-responders. Patients at first episode psychosis showed significantly higher levels of blood glucose and prolactin levels, while chronic patients showed significantly higher LDL levels. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) such as tremor and stiffness significantly correlated with genetic phenotypes (p = 0.0145). While CYP2D6 showed no impact on treatment response, ADR were significantly more frequent among poor and intermediate metabolizers.
Heat Stress and Microbial Stress Induced Defensive Phenol Accumulation in Medicinal Plant Sparganium stoloniferum
Authors: Sang Mengru , Liu Qinan , Li Dishuai , Dang Jingjie , Lu Chenyan , Liu Chanchan , Wu Qinan
Published: June 2024

An approach based on the heat stress and microbial stress model of the medicinal plant Sparganium stoloniferum was proposed to elucidate the regulation and mechanism of bioactive phenol accumulation. This method integrates LC–MS/MS analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing, RT–qPCR, and molecular assays to investigate the regulation of phenolic metabolite biosynthesis in S. stoloniferum rhizome (SL) under stress. Previous research has shown that the metabolites and genes involved in phenol biosynthesis correlate to the upregulation of genes involved in plant–pathogen interactions. High-temperature and the presence of Pseudomonas bacteria were observed alongside SL growth. Under conditions of heat stress or Pseudomonas bacteria stress, both the metabolites and genes involved in phenol biosynthesis were upregulated. The regulation of phenol content and phenol biosynthesis gene expression suggests that phenol-based chemical defense of SL is stimulated under stress. Furthermore, the rapid accumulation of phenolic substances relied on the consumption of amino acids. Three defensive proteins, namely Ss4CL, SsC4H, and SsF3′5′H, were identified and verified to elucidate phenol biosynthesis in SL. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the phenol-based chemical defense of SL, indicating that bioactive phenol substances result from SL’s responses to the environment and providing new insights for growing the high-phenol-content medicinal herb SL.
IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 as Possible Predictors of Response to Lifestyle Intervention—Results from Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Meyer Nina M. T. , Kabisch Stefan , Dambeck Ulrike , Honsek Caroline , Kemper Margrit , Gerbracht Christiana , Arafat Ayman M. , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Schwarz Peter E. H. , Machann Jürgen , Osterhoff Martin A. , Weickert Martin O. , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H.
Published: June 2024

Lifestyle interventions can prevent type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, some individuals do not experience anticipated improvements despite weight loss. Biomarkers to identify such individuals at early stages are lacking. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF- 1) and Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1(IGFBP-1) were shown to predict T2DM onset in prediabetes. We assessed whether these markers also predict the success of lifestyle interventions, thereby possibly guiding personalized strategies. We analyzed the fasting serum levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-1, and Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) in relation to changes in metabolic and anthropometric parameters, including intrahepatic lipids (IHLs) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in 345 participants with a high risk for prediabetes (54% female; aged 36–80 years). Participants were enrolled in three randomized dietary intervention trials and assessed both at baseline and one year post-intervention. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 28), and significance was set at p < 0.05. Within the 1-year intervention, overall significant improvements were observed. Stratifying individuals by baseline IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 percentiles revealed significant differences: higher IGF-1 levels were associated with more favorable changes compared to lower levels, especially in VAT and IHL. Lower baseline IGFBP-1 levels were associated with greater improvements, especially in IHL and 2 h glucose. Higher bioactive IGF-1 levels might predict better metabolic outcomes following lifestyle interventions in prediabetes, potentially serving as biomarkers for personalized interventions.
Monitoring and Evaluation of the Corrosion Behavior in Seawater of the Low-Alloy Steels BVDH36 and LRAH36
Authors: Mazilu Adrian , Benea Lidia , Axente Elena Roxana
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the corrosion resistance in natural seawater (Năvodari area) of two types of low-alloy carbon steels BVDH36 and LRAH36 by electrochemical methods. The electrochemical methods used were the evolution of the free potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization resistance (Rp) and corrosion rate (Vcorr), potentiodynamic polarization (PD), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The studies were completed by ex situ characterization analyzes of the studied surfaces before and after corrosion such as: optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of the study show us that the polarization resistance of the low-alloy carbon steel BVDH36 is higher compared to the polarization resistance of the low-alloy carbon steel LRAH36. It is also observed that with the increase in the immersion time of the samples in natural seawater, the polarization resistance of the BVDH36 alloy increases over time and finally decreases, and for the carbon steel LRAH36 the polarization resistance increases.
Study of the Myosin Relay Helix Peptide by Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Pump-Probe and 2D Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Freedman Holly , Tuszynski Jack A.
Published: June 2024

The Davydov model was conjectured to describe how an amide I excitation created during ATP hydrolysis in myosin might be significant in providing energy to drive myosin’s chemomechanical cycle. The free energy surfaces of the myosin relay helix peptide dissolved in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), determined by metadynamics simulations, demonstrate local minima differing in free energy by only ~2 kT, corresponding to broken and stabilized hydrogen bonds, respectively. Experimental pump-probe and 2D infrared spectroscopy were performed on the peptide dissolved in TFE. The relative heights of two peaks seen in the pump-probe data and the corresponding relative volumes of diagonal peaks seen in the 2D-IR spectra at time delays between 0.5 ps and 1 ps differ noticeably from what is seen at earlier or later time delays or in the linear spectrum, indicating that a vibrational excitation may influence the conformational state of this helix. Thus, it is possible that the presence of an amide I excitation may be a direct factor in the conformational state taken on by the myosin relay helix following ATP hydrolysis in myosin.
Newly Woody Artificial Diet Reveals Antibacterial Activity of Hemolymph in Larvae of Zophobas atratus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Kuprin Alexander , Baklanova Vladislava , Khandy Maria , Grinchenko Andrei , Kumeiko Vadim
Published: June 2024

The rearing of saproxylic insects in laboratory conditions is an important task for studying the biology of insects. Through understanding nutritional needs, it is possible to optimize beetle rearing in laboratory conditions. In this study, an artificial fungi-based diet (FD) was developed for the cultivation of the darkling beetle Zophobas atratus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in laboratory conditions as a model object for studying the biology of saproxylophagous beetles. To assess the influence of the diet, a number of physiological parameters were measured, including development time, body size, and weight of all stages of the beetle’s life cycle, as well as its immune status. The immune status of Z. atratus was assessed on the basis of larval hemolymph antibacterial activity against six different bacterial strains assessed using disk-diffusion and photometric tests. Our findings show that the FD reduces development time and boosts the immune status as compared to beetles reared on a standard diet (SD). Samples from FD-reared larvae had pronounced antibacterial activity as compared to samples from SD-reared larvae. This work is of fundamental importance for understanding the correlations between nutrition and development of saproxylic Coleoptera and is the first report on immune status regulation in this group of insects.
Gestational Age, Infection, and Suboptimal Maternal Prepregnancy BMI Independently Associate with Placental Histopathology in a Cohort of Pregnancies without Major Maternal Comorbidities
Authors: Duffley Eleanor , Grynspan David , Scott Hailey , Lafrenière Anthea , Borba Vieira de Andrade Cherley , Bloise Enrrico , Connor Kristin L.
Published: June 2024

Background: The placenta undergoes morphological and functional adaptations to adverse exposures during pregnancy. The effects ofsuboptimal maternal body mass index (BMI), preterm birth, and infection on placental histopathological phenotypes are not yet well understood, despite the association between these conditions and poor offspring outcomes. We hypothesized that suboptimal maternal prepregnancy BMI and preterm birth (with and without infection) would associate with altered placental maturity and morphometry, and that altered placental maturity would associate with poor birth outcomes. Methods: Clinical data and human placentae were collected from 96 pregnancies where mothers were underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese, without other major complications. Placental histopathological characteristics were scored by an anatomical pathologist. Associations between maternal BMI, placental pathology (immaturity and hypermaturity), placental morphometry, and infant outcomes were investigated for term and preterm births with and without infection. Results: Fetal capillary volumetric proportion was decreased, whereas the villous stromal volumetric proportion was increased in placentae from preterm pregnancies with chorioamnionitis compared to preterm placentae without chorioamnionitis. At term and preterm, pregnancies with maternal overweight and obesity had a high percentage increase in proportion of immature placentae compared to normal weight. Placental maturity did not associate with infant birth outcomes. We observed placental hypermaturity and altered placental morphometry among preterm pregnancies with chorioamnionitis, suggestive of altered placental development, which may inform about pregnancies susceptible to preterm birth and infection. Conclusions: Our data increase our understanding of how common metabolic exposures and preterm birth, in the absence of other comorbidities or complications, potentially contribute to poor pregnancy outcomes and developmental programming.
Clinical and Economic Implications of Hydroxyurea Intolerance in Polycythemia Vera in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Ellis Martin H. , Tadmor Tamar , Yekutiel Naama , Chodick Gabriel , Levy Moti , Sharf Giora , Ben Zvi Nana , Leef Raanan , Feine Oren , Shavit Oren
Published: June 2024

Background/Objectives: Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic hematologic neoplasm commonly treated with hydroxyurea (HU). We utilized the advanced digitalized database of Maccabi Healthcare Services to retrospectively investigate the clinical and economic implications of HU intolerance in the routine clinical care of PV patients in Israel. Methods: We collected data on demographics, physician visits, hospitalizations, laboratory results, medication purchases, cardiovascular and thrombotic events, mental health, economic outcomes, and mortality. Outcomes included cardiovascular and other thrombotic events, disease progression, mental health events, economic outcomes, and overall mortality. Results: Of the 830 patients studied, 3 (0.4%) were resistant to HU treatment, 318 (38.3%) were intolerant to HU treatment, and 509 (61.3%) were stable on HU treatment. The venous thrombosis rate was significantly higher among HU-intolerant compared to HU-stable patients (1.58 vs. 0.47 per 100 person-years [PY], respectively; p < 0.001). The rate of progression to myelofibrosis was 6 vs. 0.9 per 100 PY in HU-intolerant patients vs. HU-stable patients, respectively (p < 0.001), and the rate of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was 1.16 vs. 0.2 per 100 PY in HU-intolerant patients vs. HU-stable patients, respectively (p < 0.001). The phlebotomy requirement, mortality rate, and total hospitalization days among HU-intolerant patients were significantly higher than in HU-stable patients (p = 0.049, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). More mental health-related events were noted in HU-intolerant patients vs. HU-stable patients (p = 0.007), and the total healthcare cost ratio was 2.65 for the HU-intolerant patients compared with HU-stable patients. Conclusions: This study suggests that HU-intolerant patients are more likely to have worse outcomes than HU-stable patients, highlighting the need for the close monitoring of these patients for disease-related complications or progression.