bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commercial Potato Starch Standards Cannot Be Used in Place of Cassava Starch Standards when Measuring the Starch Content of Cassava Samples
Authors: Wang Congcong , Wang Ying , Liu Xiaohan , Cao Peng , Hu Xinwen , Chen Yinhua , Li Shuangbao , Xiao Yu , Min Yi
Published: June 2019

In this study, the shapes, diameters, and molecular weights of cassava and potato starch granules are compared. The cassava starch granules generally exhibit a polyhedral and truncated shape, while the potato starch granules exhibit a regular, elliptical shape. The diameters of the cassava starch granules are mostly between 0 and 20 µm, while the diameters of the potato starch granules are mostly between 7 and 40 µm. The average diameter of the cassava starch granules is over 20 µm smaller than that of the potato starch granules. The molecular weights of amylose and amylopectin from cassava and potato starch are also quite different. All of these differences directly or indirectly lead to differences in the ability of cassava and potato starch to bind with iodine, ultimately resulting in a different standard curve for use in the measurement of starch content. Finally, when the starch content of the cassava samples is measured by a dual‐wavelength method (using potato starch as a standard), the measured amylose contents are 5.31–29.59% higher than the corresponding theoretical values, the amylopectin contents are 15–209.9% lower than the corresponding theoretical values, and the final measured total starch contents are 8.29–115.85% lower than the corresponding theoretical values.
Global talent management: Shaping the careers of internationally educated talents in developing markets
Authors: Abeuova Dana , Muratbekova‐Touron Maral
Published: June 2019

In the context of globalization, country‐level actions to manage global talent (e.g., development of immigrant‐friendly policies, policies to attract back skilled diaspora, or investment in the international education of youth) have been underresearched. The aim of this article is to analyze the impact of a country‐level global talent management practice on the careers and career success of its talents in the Republic of Kazakhstan, a developing country in Central Asia. Using qualitative methods, this study introduces new dimensions of career success evaluation for internationally educated talents in developing markets: use of knowledge acquired abroad and international aspect of the job. Based on these dimensions, it develops a model of career types. The career types predict the varying degrees of talents' career success and their involvement in sharing and capitalizing on knowledge, ideas, and international experience, which may have an impact on society. The study contributes to the field of global talent management and career success by providing empirical evidence on an underresearched topic in the underresearched context of developing markets.
Mind the gap: Experimental tests to improve efficacy of fladry for nonlethal management of coyotes
Authors: Young Julie K. , Draper John , Breck Stewart
Published: June 2019

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are the top predator of livestock in the contiguous United States. Developing more effective nonlethal tools to prevent coyote depredation will facilitate coexistence between livestock producers and coyotes. Fladry is a nonlethal deterrent designed to defend livestock by creating a visual barrier to wolves (C. lupus). Fladry may also be effective with coyotes, but large gap spacing between flags may reduce its efficacy. To address this issue, we performed 2 experiments on captive coyotes using fladry modified to reduce gap spacing at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Predator Research Facility in Millville, Utah, USA, during 2015–2016 and 2017–2018. In 2015–2016, we tested 2 styles for attaching flags (top‐knot and shower‐curtain) to the rope‐line that reduce gaps by preventing coiling of individual flags. In 2017–2018, we tested the efficacy of gap spacing (27.9 cm vs. 45.7 cm) between flags for preventing coyote crossings. For both tests, we compared the time until coyotes crossed the fladry between treatment types. We found no differences in time to crossing between the 2 attachment designs. In our second experiment, fladry with smaller gaps between flags had greater efficacy of preventing coyote crossings than did fladry with larger gaps. Our results also indicated that for each additional minute coyotes spent interacting with fladry overall (i.e., increased persistent behavior), survival of the barrier decreased. These results suggest that persistent coyotes may overcome neophobia more rapidly than coyotes that do not exhibit persistent behaviors. Furthermore, use of top‐knot fladry and coyote‐width spacing will increase protection of livestock from coyotes. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Gluon helicity flip in a plane wave background
Authors: Adamo Tim , Ilderton Anton
Published: June 2019

Abstract

We compute the leading probability for a gluon to flip helicity state upon traversing a background plane wave gauge field in pure Yang-Mills theory and QCD, with an arbitrary number of colours and flavours. This is a one-loop calculation in perturbative gauge theory around the gluonic plane wave background, which is treated without approximation (i.e., to all orders in the coupling). We introduce a background-dressed version of the spinor helicity formalism and use it to obtain simple formulae for the flip amplitude with pure external gluon polarizations. We also give in-depth examples for gauge group SU(2), and evaluate both the high- and low-energy limits. Throughout, we compare and contrast with the calculation of photon helicity flip in strong-field QED.
Off-shell single-top-quark production in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory
Authors: Neumann Tobias , Sullivan Zack
Published: June 2019

Abstract

We present a fully differential and spin-dependent t-channel single-top-quark calculation at next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD including off-shell effects by using the complex mass scheme in the Standard Model (SM) and in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We include all relevant SMEFT operators at 1/Λ2 that contribute at NLO in QCD for a fully consistent comparison to the SM at NLO. In addition, we include chirality flipping operators that do not interfere with the SM amplitude and contribute only at 1/Λ4 with a massless b-quark. Such higher order effects are usually captured by considering anomalous right-handed Wtb and left-handed Wtb tensor couplings. Despite their formal suppression in the SMEFT, they describe an important class of models for new physics. Our calculation and analysis framework is publicly available in MCFM.
Effect of Phenylephrine and Ephedrine on Cerebral (Tissue) Oxygen Saturation During Carotid Endarterectomy (PEPPER): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fassaert Leonie M. M. , de Borst Gert J. , Pennekamp Claire W. A. , Specken-Welleweerd Jantine C. , Moll Frans L. , van Klei Wilton A. , Immink Rogier V.
Published: June 2019

Background

Short-acting vasopressor agents like phenylephrine or ephedrine can be used during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) to achieve adequate blood pressure (BP) to prevent periprocedural stroke by preserving the cerebral perfusion. Previous studies in healthy subjects showed that these vasopressors also affected the frontal lobe cerebral tissue oxygenation (rSO2) with a decrease after administration of phenylephrine. This decrease is unwarranted in patients with jeopardized cerebral perfusion, like CEA patients. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of both phenylephrine and ephedrine on the rSO2 during CEA.

Methods

In this double-blinded randomized controlled trial, 29 patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis underwent CEA under volatile general anesthesia in a tertiary referral medical center. Patients were preoperative allocated randomly (1:1) for receiving either phenylephrine (50 µg; n = 14) or ephedrine (5 mg; n = 15) in case intraoperative hypotension occurred, defined as a decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 20% compared to (awake) baseline. Intraoperative MAP was measured by an intra-arterial cannula placed in the radial artery. After administration, the MAP, cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), stroke volume, and rSO2 both ipsilateral and contralateral were measured. The timeframe for data analysis was 120 s before, until 600 s after administration.

Results

Both phenylephrine (70 ± 9 to 101 ± 22 mmHg; p < 0.001; mean ± SD) and ephedrine (75 ± 11 mmHg to 122 ± 22 mmHg; p < 0.001) adequately restored MAP. After administration, HR did not change significantly over time, and CO increased 19% for both phenylephrine and ephedrine. rSO2 ipsilateral and contralateral did not change significantly after administration at 300 and 600 s for either phenylephrine or ephedrine (phenylephrine 73%, 73%, 73% and 73%, 73%, 74%; ephedrine 72%, 73%, 73% and 75%, 74%, 74%).

Conclusions

Within this randomized prospective study, MAP correction by either phenylephrine or ephedrine showed to be equally effective in maintaining rSO2 in patients who underwent CEA.

Clinical Trial Registration ClincalTrials.gov, NCT01451294.
Engaging Archives: Activating our collections for new audiences
Authors: McBride Caroline
Published: June 2019

In recent years we have noticed a substantial increase in interest in our archive collections at the E H McCormick Research Library at Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki. With circulation figures for print publications generally reported to be on a downward trend for libraries, unique material is being eagerly sought out.

Who are our new audiences and how do they engage with archives in varying ways? What specific approaches have contributed to achieving this positive shift? Including observations from other research librarians and archivists, this article provides a view of art archive use and users, as well as the mechanisms that are proving successful. Our aim is to increase the visibility of our special collections to facilitate the unlocking of their powerful potential for the understanding and, sometimes, making of art.
Improving paediatric cardiologists’ awareness about the needs of childhood cancer survivors: results of a single-centre directed educational initiative
Authors: Rose-Felker Kirsten , Effinger Karen , Kelleman Michael S , Sachdeva Ritu , Meacham Lillian R. , Border William L.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood cancer survivors. Cardiologists must be aware of risk factors and long-term follow-up guidelines, which have historically been the purview of oncologists. Little is known about paediatric cardiologists’ knowledge regarding the cardiotoxicity of cancer treatment and how to improve this knowledge.

Methods:

A total of 58 paediatric cardiologists anonymously completed a 21-question, web-based survey focused on four cardio-oncology themes: cancer treatment-related risk factors (n = 6), patient-related risk factors (n = 6), recommended surveillance (n = 3), and cardiac-specific considerations (n = 6). Following the baseline survey, a multi-disciplinary team of paediatric cardiologists and cancer survivor providers developed an in-person and web-based educational intervention. A post-intervention survey was conducted 5 months later.

Results:

The response rate was 41/58 (70.7%) pre-intervention and 30/58 (51.7%) post-intervention. On the baseline survey, the percentage of correct answers was 68.8 ± 10.3%, which improved to 79.2 ± 16.2% after the intervention (p = 0.009). The theme with the most profound knowledge deficit was surveillance; however, it also had the greatest improvement after the intervention (49.6 ± 26.7 versus 66.7 ± 27.7% correct, p = 0.025). Individual questions with the largest per cent improvement pertained to risk of cardiac dysfunction with time since treatment (52.4 versus 93.1%, p = 0.002) and the role of dexrazoxane (48.8 versus 82.8%, p = 0.020).

Conclusion:

Specific knowledge deficits about the care of paediatric cancer survivors were identified amongst cardiologists using a web-based survey. Knowledge of surveillance was initially lowest but improved the most after an educational intervention. This highlights the need for cardio-oncology-based educational initiatives among paediatric cardiologists.
Inverse relation between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mirmiran Parvin , Hosseinpour-Niazi Somayeh , Moghaddam-Banaem Lida , Lamyian Minoor , Goshtasebi Azita , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of intakes of fruit, vegetable and dairy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This prospective study was conducted over a 17 month period, on a random sample of pregnant women (n = 1026), aged 18–45 y, in their first half of pregnancy, attending prenatal clinics in five hospitals’ affiliated to universities of medical sciences in different districts of Tehran, Iran. Dietary intakes were assessed during gestational age ≤ 6 weeks using a 168-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, all pregnant women underwent a scheduled 100 g 3-h oral glucose tolerance test. Diagnosis of GDM was based on criteria set by the American Diabetes Association. Results: Of 1026 study participants, 71 had GDM, with a mean age and pre-pregnancy BMI of 26.7 ± 4.3 y and 25.4 ± 4.5 Kg/m2, respectively. High fruit and vegetable intakes were negatively associated with GDM risk. Compared with women who consumed < 2.1 servings/day, odds ratio (ORs) for those who consumed ≥ 4.9 servings/day was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.20–0.93), after adjustment for confounding factors. Fruit and vegetable intakes were significantly and inversely associated with the GDM; ORs (95% CIs) for GDM among participants with the highest, compared to the lowest quartiles were 0.48 (0.18–0.89) for fruit and 0.46 (0.22–0.99) for vegetables intake. No association was found between dairy products and GDM. Conclusions: Fruit and vegetable consumption in women of reproductive age have beneficial effects in the prevention of GDM.
Higher vitamin B6 intake is associated with lower depression and anxiety risk in women but not in men: A large cross-sectional study
Authors: Kafeshani Marzi , Feizi Awat , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Keshteli Ammar Hassanzadeh , Afshar Hamid , Roohafza Hamidreza , Adibi Peyman
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Objective: The prevalence of depression and anxiety is increasing worldwide. Diet as a modifiable factor for mental health has received great attention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of vitamin B6 intake with depression and anxiety. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 3362 adults in 2011. Anxiety and depression were evaluated using an Iranian validated version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Dietary intakes were evaluated by a validated 106 item self-administered Willett-format dish-based semi quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (DFQ). Results: The mean intake of vitamin B6 (mg/day) was significantly lower in anxious (1.93 ± 0.74 vs. 2.0 ± 0.74; P = 0.02) and depressed (1.86 ± 0.72 vs. 1.99 ± 0.74; P = 0.001) people than healthy participants. The lower level of vitamin B6 intake (tertile 1), after adjustment for the impacts of various confounding variables, in total population and women was associated with the higher odds of depression (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.31; P < 0.001. OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08, 2. 21; P = 0.02, respectively). Also, the lower level of vitamin B6 intake (tertile 1) in total population and women was associated with the higher odds of anxiety (OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.31, 4.04; P < 0. 001, OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.19, 4.46; P = 0.04). Conclusion: The association of lower intakes vitamin B6 intake with increased risk of depression and anxiety was clearly supported by current study. A reasonable approach to tackle these disorders could be the improvement of nutritional status, accordingly large randomized controlled trials are suggested for providing more evidence.
Spontane Expulsion eines nekrotischen Metatarsale-Köpfchens aus einem dorsalen Ulcus pedis bei Osteomyelitis
Authors: Hatziisaak Telemachos
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung. ໿Die Osteomyelitis von Metatarsalia ist eine gefürchtete Komplikation bei Fussulcera unterschiedlicher Ätiologie, die häufig zu einer Amputation eines Teils der betroffenen Gliedmasse führt. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird ein Fall präsentiert, bei dem es zu einer spontanen Expulsion des nekrotischen Knochenteils kam, wonach das Ulcus vollständig abheilen konnte.
Persistent Draining of the Stratospheric 10Be Reservoir After the Samalas Volcanic Eruption (1257 CE)
Authors: Baroni Mélanie , Bard Edouard , Petit Jean‐Robert , Viseur Sophie ,   ASTER Team
Published: June 2019

More than 2,000 analyses of beryllium‐10 (10Be) and sulfate concentrations were performed at a nominal subannual resolution on an ice core covering the last millennium as well as on records from three sites in Antarctica (Dome C, South Pole, and Vostok) to better understand the increase in 10Be deposition during stratospheric volcanic eruptions. A significant increase in 10Be concentration is observed in 14 of the 26 volcanic events studied. The slope and intercept of the linear regression between 10Be and sulfate concentrations provide different and complementary information. Slope is an indicator of the efficiency of the draining of 10Be atoms by volcanic aerosols depending on the amount of SO2 released and the altitude it reaches in the stratosphere. Intercept gives an image of the 10Be production in the stratospheric reservoir, ultimately depending on solar modulation. The Samalas event (1257 CE) stands out from the others as the biggest eruption of the last millennium with the lowest positive slope of all the events. We hypothetize that the persistence of volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere after the Samalas eruption has drained the stratospheric 10Be reservoir for a decade, meaning that solar reconstructions based on 10Be should be considered with caution during this period. The slope of the linear regression between 10Be and sulfate concentrations can also be used to correct the 10Be snow/ice signal of the volcanic disturbance.
North Carolina Bald Cypress Tree Is at Least 2,674 Years Old
Authors: Crowell Rachel
Published: June 2019

Researchers say it’s the oldest-known living tree in eastern North America. If it hadn’t been protected, it could have ended up as garden mulch.
Waxman Maintains Hope for Climate Change Legislation
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: June 2019

Former congressman Henry Waxman, who led efforts on sweeping environmental initiatives, is realistic about the obstacles presented by congressional Republicans and the Trump administration.
In Search of Red Noctiluca scintillans Blooms in the East China Sea
Authors: Qi Lin , Tsai Sheng‐Fang , Chen Yanlong , Le Chengfeng , Hu Chuanmin
Published: June 2019

Red Noctiluca scintillans (RNS) is one of the major species causing red tides and bioluminescence, yet extremely difficult to track due to its ephemeral nature. Here, we show that RNS can be fingerprinted from satellite data due to its unique absorption and scattering properties. Retrospective analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data of 2000–2017 over the East China Sea reveals seasonal patterns and interannual changes as well as an increasing RNS bloom trend, all driven by hydrographical and biological factors and possibly by the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. Unlike earlier reports from field measurements, RNS blooms are found in both coastal and offshore waters of the ECS, to at least 126°E (> 330 km from the Yangtze River mouth). RNS blooms are also found in August and September where water temperature of 28–30 °C is well beyond the earlier reported range of 10–25 °C.
Surface Flux Equilibrium Theory Explains an Empirical Estimate of Water‐Limited Daily Evapotranspiration
Authors: McColl Kaighin A. , Salvucci Guido D. , Gentine Pierre
Published: June 2019

Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a central role in the water, energy, and carbon cycles but is difficult to model and estimate due to its dependence on the heterogeneous land surface. Recent studies suggest that standard weather station atmospheric observations alone may be sufficient to estimate ET. This is surprising since ET over land is often strongly constrained by the land surface, for instance, by water limitation. While these studies have been empirically successful, a physical explanation for why this is possible has been lacking. Here, we provide a physical explanation for why one of these approaches—the ET from Relative Humidity at Equilibrium (ETRHEQ) method—works, using a simple model of a steady‐state idealized atmospheric boundary layer. We show that, across a wide range of plausible parameter values, this model reproduces ETRHEQ, suggesting that it contains the essential physics that lead to ETRHEQ. We derive a closed‐form expression for ETRHEQ at steady state and use it to show that ETRHEQ can be explained in terms of the near‐surface relative humidity (RH) budget of the idealized model: in particular, it is equivalent to assuming a balance between surface moistening and heating terms in the RH budget. Negative feedbacks between surface fluxes (constrained by the surface energy budget) and atmospheric temperature and humidity mean that these terms typically balance, explaining the empirical success of ETRHEQ over a wide range of conditions. We define this state—in which the moistening and heating terms balance in the RH budget—as “surface flux equilibrium.”
Ets-1 deficiency alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via weakening TGF-β1 signaling-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis
Authors: Liu Dechen , Wang Kai , Li Kai , Xu Rufeng , Chang Xiaoai , Zhu Yunxia , Sun Peng , Han Xiao
Published: June 2019

Hepatocyte apoptosis is a hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and contributes to liver injury, fibrosis, and inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying excessive hepatocyte apoptosis in NASH remain largely unknown. This study aimed to explore whether and how the v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (Ets-1) is involved in diet-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in mice. The study found that the expression level of hepatic Ets-1 was elevated in a NASH mouse model as a result of the activation of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) signaling. In the presence of TGF-β1, phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (p-Smad2/3) translocated to the binding sites of the Ets-1 promoter to upregulate the expression of Ets-1 in primary hepatocytes. In addition, Ets-1 bound directly to phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3), thereby preventing the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p-Smad3 and enhancing the activity of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling. Consequently, elevated Ets-1 stimulated TGF-β1-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. However, Ets-1 knockdown alleviated diet-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and NASH with reduced liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Taken together, Ets-1 had an adverse impact on hepatocyte survival under TGF-β1 treatment and accelerated the development of NASH in mice.
ATR mediates cisplatin resistance in 3D-cultured breast cancer cells via translesion DNA synthesis modulation
Authors: Gomes Luciana Rodrigues , Rocha Clarissa Ribeiro Reily , Martins Davi Jardim , Fiore Ana Paula Zen Petisco , Kinker Gabriela Sarti , Bruni-Cardoso Alexandre , Menck Carlos Frederico Martins
Published: June 2019

Tissue architecture and cell–extracellular matrix (cell–ECM) interaction determine the organ specificity; however, the influences of these factors on anticancer drugs preclinical studies are highly neglected. For considering such aspects, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are relevant tools for accurate analysis of cellular responses to chemotherapy. Here we compared the MCF-7 breast cancer cells responses to cisplatin in traditional two-dimensional (2D) and in 3D-reconstituted basement membrane (3D-rBM) cell culture models. The results showed a substantial increase of cisplatin resistance mediated by 3D microenvironment. This phenotype was independent of p53 status and autophagy activity and was also observed for other cellular models, including lung cancer cells. Such strong decrease on cellular sensitivity was not due to differences on drug-induced DNA damage, since similar levels of γ-H2AX and cisplatin–DNA adducts were detected under both conditions. However, the processing of these cisplatin-induced DNA lesions was very different in 2D and 3D cultures. Unlike cells in monolayer, cisplatin-induced DNA damage is persistent in 3D-cultured cells, which, consequently, led to high senescence induction. Moreover, only 3D-cultured cells were able to progress through S cell cycle phase, with unaffected replication fork progression, due to the upregulation of translesion (TLS) DNA polymerase expression and activation of the ATR-Chk1 pathway. Co-treatment with VE-821, a pharmacological inhibitor of ATR, blocked the 3D-mediated changes on cisplatin response, including low sensitivity and high TLS capacity. In addition, ATR inhibition also reverted induction of REV3L by cisplatin treatment. By using REV3L-deficient cells, we showed that this TLS DNA polymerase is essential for the cisplatin sensitization effect mediated by VE-821. Altogether, our results demonstrate that 3D-cell architecture-associated resistance to cisplatin is due to an efficient induction of REV3L and TLS, dependent of ATR. Thus co-treatment with ATR inhibitors might be a promising strategy for enhancement of cisplatin treatment efficiency in breast cancer patients.
YIPF2 is a novel Rab-GDF that enhances HCC malignant phenotypes by facilitating CD147 endocytic recycle
Authors: Qi Shanshan , Su Linjia , Li Jing , Zhao Pu , Zhang Qing , Niu Xiuran , Liu Jingyuan , Jia Guhe , Wei Xiaoxuan , Tavernier Jan , Jiang Jianli , Chen Zhinan , Zhang Sihe
Published: June 2019

An increased surface level of CIE (clathrin-independent endocytosis) proteins is a new feature of malignant neoplasms. CD147 is a CIE glycoprotein highly up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The ability to sort out the early endosome and directly target the recycling pathway confers on CD147 a prolonged surface half-life. However, current knowledge on CD147 trafficking to and from the cell-surface is limited. In this study, an MSP (membrane and secreted protein)-cDNA library was screened against EpoR/LR-F3/CD147EP-expressed cells by MAPPIT (mammalian protein–protein interaction trap). CD147 co-expressing with the new binder was investigated by GEPIA (gene expression profiling interactive analysis). The endocytosis, ER-Golgi trafficking and recycling of CD147 were measured by confocal imaging, flow cytometry, and biotin-labeled chase assays, respectively. Rab GTPase activation was checked by GST-RBD pull-down and MMP activity was measured by gelatin zymography. HCC malignant phenotypes were determined by cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, Transwell motility, and invasion assays. An ER-Golgi-resident transmembrane protein YIPF2 was identified as an intracellular binder to CD147. YIPF2 correlated and co-expressed with CD147, which is a survival predictor for HCC patients. YIPF2 is critical for CD147 glycosylation and trafficking functions in HCC cells. YIPF2 acts as a Rab-GDF (GDI-displacement factor) regulating three independent trafficking steps. First, YIPF2 recruits and activates Rab5 and Rab22a GTPases to the endomembrane structures. Second, YIPF2 modulates the endocytic recycling of CD147 through distinctive regulation on Rab5 and Rab22a. Third, YIPF2 mediates the mature processing of CD147 via the ER-Golgi trafficking route. Decreased YIPF2 expression induced a CD147 efficient delivery to the cell-surface, promoted MMP secretion, and enhanced the adhesion, motility, migration, and invasion behaviors of HCC cells. Thus, YIPF2 is a new trafficking determinant essential for CD147 glycosylation and transport. Our findings revealed a novel YIPF2-controlled ER-Golgi trafficking signature that promotes CD147-medated malignant phenotypes in HCC.
DRP1-mediated mitochondrial shape controls calcium homeostasis and muscle mass
Authors: Favaro Giulia , Romanello Vanina , Varanita Tatiana , Andrea Desbats Maria , Morbidoni Valeria , Tezze Caterina , Albiero Mattia , Canato Marta , Gherardi Gaia , De Stefani Diego , Mammucari Cristina , Blaauw Bert , Boncompagni Simona , Protasi Feliciano , Reggiani Carlo , Scorrano Luca , Salviati Leonardo , Sandri Marco
Published: June 2019

Mitochondrial quality control is essential in highly structured cells such as neurons and muscles. In skeletal muscle the mitochondrial fission proteins are reduced in different physiopathological conditions including ageing sarcopenia, cancer cachexia and chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting. However, whether mitochondrial fission is essential for muscle homeostasis is still unclear. Here we show that muscle-specific loss of the pro-fission dynamin related protein (DRP) 1 induces muscle wasting and weakness. Constitutive Drp1 ablation in muscles reduces growth and causes animal death while inducible deletion results in atrophy and degeneration. Drp1 deficient mitochondria are morphologically bigger and functionally abnormal. The dysfunctional mitochondria signals to the nucleus to induce the ubiquitin-proteasome system and an Unfolded Protein Response while the change of mitochondrial volume results in an increase of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and myofiber death. Our findings reveal that morphology of mitochondrial network is critical for several biological processes that control nuclear programs and Ca2+ handling.
Hsp90 middle domain phosphorylation initiates a complex conformational program to recruit the ATPase-stimulating cochaperone Aha1
Authors: Xu Wanping , Beebe Kristin , Chavez Juan D. , Boysen Marta , Lu YinYing , Zuehlke Abbey D. , Keramisanou Dimitra , Trepel Jane B. , Prodromou Christosomos , Mayer Matthias P. , Bruce James E. , Gelis Ioannis , Neckers Len
Published: June 2019

Complex conformational dynamics are essential for function of the dimeric molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), including transient, ATP-biased N-domain dimerization that is necessary to attain ATPase competence. The intrinsic, but weak, ATP hydrolyzing activity of human Hsp90 is markedly enhanced by the co-chaperone Aha1. However, the cellular concentration of Aha1 is substoichiometric relative to Hsp90. Here we report that initial recruitment of this cochaperone to Hsp90 is markedly enhanced by phosphorylation of a highly conserved tyrosine (Y313 in Hsp90α) in the Hsp90 middle domain. Importantly, phosphomimetic mutation of Y313 promotes formation of a transient complex in which both N- and C-domains of Aha1 bind to distinct surfaces of the middle domains of opposing Hsp90 protomers prior to ATP-directed N-domain dimerization. Thus, Y313 represents a phosphorylation-sensitive conformational switch, engaged early after client loading, that affects both local and long-range conformational dynamics to facilitate initial recruitment of Aha1 to Hsp90.
A pan-cancer analysis of synonymous mutations
Authors: Sharma Yogita , Miladi Milad , Dukare Sandeep , Boulay Karine , Caudron-Herger Maiwen , Groß Matthias , Backofen Rolf , Diederichs Sven
Published: June 2019

Synonymous mutations have been viewed as silent mutations, since they only affect the DNA and mRNA, but not the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein. Nonetheless, recent studies suggest their significant impact on splicing, RNA stability, RNA folding, translation or co-translational protein folding. Hence, we compile 659194 synonymous mutations found in human cancer and characterize their properties. We provide the user-friendly, comprehensive resource for synonymous mutations in cancer, SynMICdb (http://SynMICdb.dkfz.de), which also contains orthogonal information about gene annotation, recurrence, mutation loads, cancer association, conservation, alternative events, impact on mRNA structure and a SynMICdb score. Notably, synonymous and missense mutations are depleted at the 5'-end of the coding sequence as well as at the ends of internal exons independent of mutational signatures. For patient-derived synonymous mutations in the oncogene KRAS, we indicate that single point mutations can have a relevant impact on expression as well as on mRNA secondary structure.
Non-coding cis-element of Period2 is essential for maintaining organismal circadian behaviour and body temperature rhythmicity
Authors: Doi Masao , Shimatani Hiroyuki , Atobe Yuta , Murai Iori , Hayashi Hida , Takahashi Yukari , Fustin Jean-Michel , Yamaguchi Yoshiaki , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Koike Nobuya , Yagita Kazuhiro , Lee Choogon , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Okamura Hitoshi
Published: June 2019

Non-coding cis-regulatory elements are essential determinants of development, but their exact impacts on behavior and physiology in adults remain elusive. Cis-element-based transcriptional regulation is believed to be crucial for generating circadian rhythms in behavior and physiology. However, genetic evidence supporting this model is based on mutations in the protein-coding sequences of clock genes. Here, we report generation of mutant mice carrying a mutation only at the E′-box cis-element in the promoter region of the core clock gene Per2. The Per2 E′-box mutation abolishes sustainable molecular clock oscillations and renders circadian locomotor activity and body temperature rhythms unstable. Without the E′-box, Per2 messenger RNA and protein expression remain at mid-to-high levels. Our work delineates the Per2 E′-box as a critical nodal element for keeping sustainable cell-autonomous circadian oscillation and reveals the extent of the impact of the non-coding cis-element in daily maintenance of animal locomotor activity and body temperature rhythmicity.
Critical spin liquid versus valence-bond glass in a triangular-lattice organic antiferromagnet
Authors: Riedl Kira , Valentí Roser , Winter Stephen M.
Published: June 2019

In the quest for materials with unconventional quantum phases, the organic triangular-lattice antiferromagnet κ-(ET)2Cu2(CN)3 has been extensively discussed as a quantum spin liquid (QSL) candidate. The description of its low temperature properties has become, however, a particularly challenging task. Recently, an intriguing quantum critical behaviour was suggested from low-temperature magnetic torque experiments. Here we highlight significant deviations of the experimental observations from a quantum critical scenario by performing a microscopic analysis of all anisotropic contributions, including Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya and multi-spin scalar chiral interactions. Instead, we show that disorder-induced spin defects provide a comprehensive explanation of the low-temperature properties. These spins are attributed to valence bond defects that emerge spontaneously as the QSL enters a valence-bond glass phase at low temperature. This theoretical treatment is applicable to a general class of frustrated magnetic systems and has important implications for the interpretation of magnetic torque, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal transport and thermodynamic experiments.
Artificial creation and separation of a single vortex–antivortex pair in a ferroelectric flatland
Authors: Kim Jeongyong , You Mujin , Kim Kwang-Eun , Chu Kanghyun , Yang Chan-Ho
Published: June 2019

Topological defects have received much attention due to their stability against perturbations and potential applications in nonvolatile high-density memory. Topologically non-trivial textures can be compelled by constraints on boundary condition, geometrical structure, and curved space. Ferroelectric vortices have been realized in various finite-sized nanostructures that allow such constraints to be produced. However, manipulation of topological excitations in otherwise topologically trivial flat ferroelectrics remains a tantalizing challenge. Here we show that a vortex–antivortex pair can be produced by a momentary electric pulse using a tip in a usual Kittel’s stripe domain of a BiFeO3 thin film. Moreover, we demonstrate that the distance between the paired vortex and antivortex can be controlled by dragging the biased tip. The spatial distribution of the local piezoresponse vectors is directly mapped using angle-resolved piezoresponse force microscopy and analyzed by local winding number calculation. Our findings offer a useful concept for the control of topological defects in ferroelectrics.
Evolution of nitrogen cycling in regrowing Amazonian rainforest
Authors: Figueiredo Viviane , Enrich-Prast Alex , Rütting Tobias
Published: June 2019

Extensive regions of tropical forests are subjected to high rates of deforestation and forest regrowth and both are strongly affect soil nutrient cycling. Nitrogen (N) dynamics changes during forest regrowth and the recovery of forests and functioning similar to pristine conditions depends on sufficient N availability. We show that, in a chronosequence of Amazonian forests, gross nitrification and, as a result, nitrate-to-ammonium (NO3−: NH4+) ratio were lower in all stages of regrowing forests (10 to 40 years) compared to pristine forest. This indicates the evolution of a more conservative and closed N cycle with reduced risk for N leaking out of the ecosystem in regrowing forests. Furthermore, our results indicate that mineralization and nitrification are decoupled in young regrowing forests (10 years), such as that high gross mineralization is accompanied by low gross nitrification, demonstrating a closed N cycle that at the same time maintains N supply for forest regrowth. We conclude that the status of gross nitrification in disturbed soil is a key process to understand the mechanisms of and time needed for tropical forest recovery.
Exploiting dispersion of higher-order-modes using M-type fiber for application in mid-infrared supercontinuum generation
Authors: Jain D. , Markos C. , Benson T. M. , Seddon A. B. , Bang O.
Published: June 2019

M-type fibers have the exceptional property that the higher-order LP0n modes are core-confined and easily excited, while the LP01 and other modes are confined to a high-index ring surrounding the core, so they are not easily excited. This has profound consequences for mid-infrared supercontinuum sources, where the high zero-dispersion wavelength of chalcogenide and ZBLAN fibers means that exotic pump sources have so far been necessary. We show here that in chalcogenide and ZBLAN M-type fibers the lower ZDW of the core-confined higher-order LP02 mode can be in the range of 2 to 3 µm (around 1.55 µm), while the fiber still has a large core diameter and thus supports high average power. This will allow established pump laser technology to be used in future high-power mid-infrared supercontinuum sources.
Investigating synergies in sequential biofiltration-based hybrid systems for the enhanced removal of trace organic chemicals from wastewater treatment plant effluents
Authors: Müller Johann , Drewes Jörg E. , Hübner Uwe
Published: June 2019

Synergistic effects in advanced wastewater treatment hybrid systems are beneficial for the removal of trace organic chemicals from municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents.
Magnetically tunable organic semiconductors with superparamagnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Geng Rugang , Luong Hoang Mai , Pham Minh Thien , Das Raja , Stojak Repa Kristen , Robles-Garcia Joshua , Duong Tuan Anh , Pham Huy Thanh , Au Thi Huong , Lai Ngoc Diep , Larsen George Keefe , Phan Manh-Huong , Nguyen Tho Duc
Published: June 2019

Effects of hyperfine fields, BN, and induced fields, BI, from superparamagnetic nanoparticles on the spin mixing in organic semiconductors.
Reversal of enantioselectivity in chiral metal complex-catalyzed asymmetric reactions
Authors: Cao Weidi , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaohua
Published: June 2019

The achievements of chiral metal complex-catalyzed enantiodivergent reactions during the period from 2008 to present were updated.
Deep insights into polymorphism initiated by exploring multicolor conversion materials
Authors: Wang Yongtao , Liu Wenjing , Ren Litong , Ge Guixian
Published: June 2019

The two isomers exhibit almost identical solvatochromism and AIE activity but high-contrast polymorphism and mechanochromism.
A remarkably strained cyclopyrenylene trimer that undergoes metal-free direct oxygen insertion into the biaryl C–C σ-bond
Authors: Kurosaki Ryo , Hayashi Hironobu , Suzuki Mitsuharu , Jiang Julong , Hatanaka Miho , Aratani Naoki , Yamada Hiroko
Published: June 2019

A remarkably strained cyclopyrenylene trimer was synthesized and it underwent the first biaryl C–C σ-bond cleavage with 1O2.
Feedback cascade regression model for face alignment
Authors: Hao Yangyang , Zhu Hengliang , Shao Zhiwen , Ma Lizhuang
Published: June 2019

Face alignment has made great progress in recent years and the cascade regression framework is one of the main contributors. However, the performance of this framework is unsatisfactory on heavily occluded faces or those far from the frontal pose. This is because regression is sensitive to hidden landmarks and unified initialisation can often lead to the method falling into local minima. The authors propose a new pipeline of salient‐to‐inner‐to‐all to progressively compute the locations of landmarks. Additionally, a feedback process is utilised to improve the robustness of regression. They bring out a pose‐invariant shape retrieval method to generate the discriminative initialisation. Experiments are performed on two benchmarks, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has a considerable improvement on the cascade regression model, and achieves favourable results compared with the state‐of‐the‐art deep learning‐based methods.
Visual tracking based on semantic and similarity learning
Authors: Zha Yufei , Wu Min , Qiu Zhuling , Yu Wangsheng
Published: June 2019

We present a method by combining the similarity and semantic features of a target to improve tracking performance in video sequences. Trackers based on Siamese networks have achieved success in recent competitions and databases through learning similarity according to binary labels. Unfortunately, such weak labels result in limiting the discriminative ability of the learned feature, thus it is difficult to identify the target itself from the distractors that have the same class. The authors observe that the inter‐class semantic features benefit to increase the separation between the target and the background, even distractors. Therefore, they proposed a network architecture which uses both similarity and semantic branches to obtain more discriminative features for locating the target accuracy in new frames. The large‐scale ImageNet VID dataset is employed to train the network. Even in the presence of background clutter, visual distortion, and distractors, the proposed method still maintains following the target. They test their method with the open benchmarks OTB and UAV123. The results show that their combined approach significantly improves the tracking ability relative to trackers using similarity or semantic features alone.
Research on stability margin enhancement for low‐voltage multi‐terminal DC system based on additional damping control
Authors: Deng Wei , Pei Wei , Xiao Hao , Ye Hua , Zhang Xue , Kong Li
Published: June 2019

The low‐voltage multi‐terminal DC system is becoming an important form of the distribution network in the future. However, the system stability margin will be weakened by the negative impedance characteristics of the DC network. The additional control method by using Lyapunov theory has become a feasible solution to improve system stability. However, the traditional way of using empirical values to design parameters of the weighted matrix cannot ensure that the solved feedback law is optimal, resulting in the limitation of control performance. In order to solve this problem, the dominant mode which determines the system stability margin is studied. Then an additional damping control method is further proposed, and its feedback law is designed and further improved by optimising the parameters of weighted matrix Q, based on the improved particle swarm optimisation algorithm, meanwhile, the optimal configuration of the dominant mode is used as the target for the parameter design. Finally, the proposed method is tested and verified, and the results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the system stability margin and dynamic performance with small control costs, and ensure the constant voltage of the DC network and safe system operation under disturbances.
Optimal operational scheduling and reconfiguration coordination in smart grids for extreme weather condition
Authors: Khazraj Hesam , Yousefi Khanghah Babak , Ghimire Pramod , Martin Frank , Ghomi Mohammad , Faria da Silva Filipe , Leth Bak Claus
Published: June 2019

With the increasing in frequency, intensity, and side effects of grid outages caused by weather based events, the importance of resiliency is also increased. This study presents a novel multi‐objective optimization problem for improving the resilience of smart grid against natural disasters in the presence of a considerable amount of line outages occurring due to the weather conditions. The proposed model considers the management of distributed energy resources (DERs), energy storages (ESs), and dynamic topology reconfiguration of the distribution network. The main goal is based on a dynamic resilient operational planning using prediction of weather condition. The objectives in the proposed approach are defined as: to minimise operational cost of distribution network from the system operator's viewpoint, to minimise the penalty costs for energy not supplied and side effects of outages, and to maximise benefits of DER‐ES owners by using flexible reconfiguration and dynamic operational planning considering weather conditions. A hybrid optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm and ɛ‐constraint method using fuzzy decision maker is employed to choose the best solution from a provided Pareto optimal set. The outcome of the Pareto solution specifies the best scheduling for DERs, ESs and switching of lines during the scheduling horizon.
Miniaturised planar band‐pass filter based on interdigital Arm SRR
Authors: Troudi Zied , Machac Jan , Osman Lotfi
Published: June 2019

Here, a small‐size band‐pass filter is designed using a new split‐ring resonator (SRR). First, the geometric optimisation method is used to obtain the high miniaturisation of the proposed SRR compared to the conventional structures. Accordingly, the reduction rate has reached 51%. The second part of this study is devoted to the development of a band‐pass filter using the proposed SRR topology. A Chebyshev‐type band‐pass filter has been designed. The purpose is to have a miniaturised structure, low insertion loss, and high out off‐band rejection. This filter is composed of two integrated arms SRR placed in series with a defected ground structure (DGS) to increase the coupling between the resonators, and a low‐pass filter integrated into the resonators to improve the level of rejection. The resonance frequency has been approximately measured at 1 GHz and the size has been valued at 0.114λg × 0.083λg, thus achieving miniaturisation up to 78% compared fabricated and experimentally validated. The measured insertion loss has been found to 0.8 dB and two transmission zeros helped to ensure the steep sides of the transmission band.