bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restoration and Development of Transport Infrastructure in the Post-War Period
Authors:   NTU ", Boichenko M. ,   Dnipro University of Technology",   MES of Ukraine
Published: February 2024

The war had an extremely negative impact on the entire economy of Ukraine, including the transport infrastructure. But without high-quality and modern transport infrastructure, a full-fledged post-war recovery of the production sector is impossible. The work on the reconstruction of those destroyed by the enemy or the creation of new industrial facilities should be carried out in parallel with the restoration and modernization of the logistics infrastructure. In order to restore/develop and reform the logistics of international transportation, special attention should be paid to digital technologies, especially the relevant scientific and methodological basis. Constant monitoring of the efficiency of the digital infrastructure is also required. Not only the advantages of the transition to digital technologies are shown, but also possible problems in the case of such a transition. The advantageous geopolitical location of Ukraine and the implementation of the latest principles in accordance with modern trends in the development of logistics will allow Ukraine to rebuild the logistics infrastructure of road transport according to the latest standards and European policy as a component of maximum integration of Ukraine with the EU, possible economic transformation, including new opportunities for Ukrainian business by building the economy on the principles of deregulation and liberalization. The main principles on which the reform of the transport infrastructure will be based in accordance with the EU legislation and modern trends in the development of logistics are substantiated. An important aspect of the development of transport infrastructure is the production of safe, environmentally friendly and energy-efficient vehicles and the renewal of the existing transport fleet.
Temporarily Occupied Territories: Situation Assessment and Potential Challenges after De-Occupation
Authors:   National Institute for Strategic Studies, Dvigun A.
Published: February 2024

This article focuses on examining the complex situation in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, which have fallen victim to the aggression of the Russian Federation. The article provides an overview of the current state of affairs in the occupied territories, including the deportation of the local population, the militarization of children, human rights violations, and other issues. In the article's conclusions, it is noted that the de-occupation process is necessary to restore Ukraine's sovereignty in the occupied territories, but it is accompanied by numerous challenges, including changes in the social and economic environment, collaboration, and other difficulties. The article calls for a comprehensive approach and cooperation among all stakeholders to achieve successful de-occupation and the restoration of Ukraine's temporarily occupied territories.
Information Support for the Processes of Formation and Assessment of Corporate Reputation: Theoretical and Applied Aspect
Authors:   State University of Intellectual Technologies and Communication, Ozarko K. , Khomiv O. ,   Lviv State University of Internal Affairs
Published: February 2024

The paper investigates the theoretical and applied problems of information support for the processes of formation and assessment of corporate reputation. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that in the current economic environment, business reputation (corporate reputation), brand reputation, etc. play an increasingly important role. The article notes that the highly effective use of reputation influence mechanisms specifically on the main (key) indicators of the level of efficiency of an enterprise in a highly competitive environment (due to European integration processes, openness, economic globalization, etc.) will allow gaining and maintaining significant competitive advantages in future activities. These areas of influence will not be quickly imitated by competitors. They will increase the level of loyalty of consumers, partners, intermediaries, investors, employees, authorities, etc. It is stated that reputation (its level) is considered a material value. The world's leading companies actually consider a positive image in the assets of their balance sheets. That is why domestic Ukrainian enterprises are increasingly facing the task of determining the level of their reputation. This is important for managing it and building a high level of trust among stakeholders. One of the key areas for the development of this process is the form.
Type 2 diabetes post pandemic: enabling your patients to regain control
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: February 2024

There are now an estimated five million people living with diabetes in the UK, most have type 2 diabetes. The COVID-19 pandemic affected access to care, led to delays in diagnoses of diabetes and many people with diabetes experienced a deterioration in their diabetes control. This article provides guidance on how nurses can work with people at risk of diabetes to prevent diabetes, to induce remission and how to use medication to treat diabetes.
Sine hunter prey optimization enabled deep residual network for diabetes mellitus detection using tongue image
Authors:   Computer Science & Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Mathew Jimsha K. , S. Sathyalakshmi S. ,   Computer Science & Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Published: February 2024

Background: Many people suffer from Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a disease caused by high blood glucose levels. In real-time, many methods are implemented to diagnose DM to obtain a good accuracy level, but those methods remain costlier. Objective: To develop a method for DM detection with good accuracy and minimum cost. Materials and methods: In this research, DM is detected using tongue image based on DL model, named Deep Residual Network (DRN) that is trained by proposed Sine Hunter Prey Optimization (SHPO). Here, an adaptive median filter is used for the pre-processing phase, and image segmentation is done using ResUNet++, which is trained by Exponential Anti Corona Virus Optimization (ExpACVO). Here, ExpACVO integrates Anti Corona Virus Optimization (ACVO) and Exponential Weighted Moving Average (EWMA). Further, image augmentation and appropriate feature extraction stages are carried out, leading to DM detection by DRN. Moreover, SHPO is formed by combining the Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) and Hunter Prey Optimization (HPO). The performance of the proposed method is analyzed using the Tongue image dataset and the Diabetic images dataset. Results: The performance of SHPO_DRN is found using four evaluation metrics: accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and f-measure. Here, these metrics exhibit superior performance with high-range values of 0.961, 0.970, 0.948, and 0.961. Conclusion: The proposed method detects the DM at earlier stages with a good accuracy.
Fluidized Bed Heat Treatment for Controlling the Lesser Grain Borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) and Sawtoothed Grain Beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) on Paddy cv. Khao Dawk Mali 105
Authors:   Postharvest Technology Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Boonsa-nga Kunlayaa ,   Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Bundhurat Damorn ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Changrue Viboon ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Chanbang Yaowaluk ,   Postharvest Technology Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Published: February 2024

The efficacy of fluidized bed (FDB) heating was studied for controlling stored product insects on rough rice using laboratorial heat-fluidized bed equipment, and the milling quality of rice was later examined. Rough rice cv. Khao Dawk Mali 105 (13% wb) infested with insects was treated with FDB. The lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica, Fabricius) (internal feeders) had a higher tolerance for heat than the sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis Linnaeus, external feeders). At a hot air velocity of 3.7 m/s at 55°C for 90 s, the mortality of the lesser grain borer treated by FDB significantly differed (P <0.05) between all stages and from the untreated control. The pulpal stage, as an FDB-tolerant stage of the lesser grain borer, was treated with 55–65 °C for 60–150 s. FDB heat treatment at 55°C for 150 s, 60°C for 90 s, and 65°C for 60 s caused 100% mortality. At a hot air velocity of 3.7 m/s at 40°C for 120 s, the mortality of the sawtoothed grain beetle significantly differed (P <0.05) between all stages and the untreated control. The egg stage, as the FDB-tolerant stage, was treated at 40–50 °C for 60–150 s. FDB heat treatment at 45°C for 150 s and 50°C for 60 s caused 100% mortality. Some of the adults that survived FDB exposure were able to reproduce, but there were significantly less progeny than in the untreated control. Heat FDB slightly affected rice quality in terms of physical and chemical properties. Keywords: Heat, Fluidized bed heat, Paddy, Stored insect pests
Relevance of sleep for wellness: New trends in using artificial intelligence and machine learning
Authors: Nag Deb Sanjay , Swain Amlan , Sahu Seelora , Chatterjee Abhishek , Swain Bhanu Pratap
Published: February 2024

Sleep and well-being have been intricately linked, and sleep hygiene is paramount for developing mental well-being and resilience. Although widespread, sleep disorders require elaborate polysomnography laboratory and patient-stay with sleep in unfamiliar environments. Current technologies have allowed various devices to diagnose sleep disorders at home. However, these devices are in various validation stages, with many already receiving approvals from competent authorities. This has captured vast patient-related physiologic data for advanced analytics using artificial intelligence through machine and deep learning applications. This is expected to be integrated with patients’ Electronic Health Records and provide individualized prescriptive therapy for sleep disorders in the future.
Treatment of bilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip joint with an improved technique: A case report
Authors: Yu Xing-Xing , Chen Jian-Ye , Zhan Hong-Sheng , Liu Ming-Da , Li Yun-Fei , Jia Yu-Yan
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common osteoarticular deformity in pediatric orthopedics. A patient with bilateral DDH was diagnosed and treated using our improved technique "(powerful overturning acetabuloplasty)" combined with femoral rotational shortening osteotomy.

CASE SUMMARY

A 4-year-old girl who was diagnosed with bilateral DDH could not stand normally, and sought surgical treatment to solve the problem of double hip extension and standing. As this child had high dislocation of the hip joint and the acetabular index was high, we changed the traditional acetabuloplasty to "powerful turnover acetabuloplasty" combined with femoral rotation shortening osteotomy. During the short-term postoperative follow-up (1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months), the child had no discomfort in her lower limbs. After the braces and internal fixation plates were removed, formal rehabilitation training was actively carried out.

CONCLUSION

Our "powerful overturning acetabuloplasty" combined with femoral rotational shortening osteotomy is feasible in the treatment of DDH in children. This technology may be widely used in the clinic.
The Suitability of Digestion Techniques in the Assessment of Certain Metals in Standard Reference Materials
Authors: Ahmed Amel Y.
Published: February 2024

The assessment of various digestion methods is of utmost importance in accurately determining the concentrations of elemental metals in soil. In this study, the dry digestion method utilizing a graphite furnace oven was compared to the wet digestion method employing a microwave. Four standard reference materials, namely Randwijk clay, Hengelo sandy soil, Halle sandy soil, and Herveld clay samples, were subjected to analysis using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The reliability of the data obtained was ensured by calculating the recovery and error percentage of the results for both digestion methods. The findings indicate that the microwave digestion method is superior for all elements in soil samples, except for calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), and magnesium (Mg). On the other hand, the dry digestion method may be favored for calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), and vanadium (V). A pair t-test statistical analysis was conducted to compare the two methods, revealing significant differences, except for calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), and sodium (Na), indicating a lack of agreement between the two methods, except for these specific elements.
Validation and Development of a Method for Identification and Stability Analysis of Delafloxacin Separation Using LC-MS/MS
Authors: Sarbudeen M. , Abbaraju V D N Kumar , Padmalatha K. , Chinnamaneni Satya Vani , Kodali Unati Sai , Mandava BhuvanTej , Rao Mandava Venkata Basaveswara
Published: February 2024

In order todevelop and validate the technique for delafloxacin authors are used the peak intense which is furthermore improved to this present investigation employing a variety of parameters, which includes column, alteration of eluent ratio, and rate of flow.For this development authors are usedWaters column with 2.1 mm x 100 mm, 5µm, C18. Mobile phase as 0.2% formic acid with pH of 2.6 and acetonitrile in the proportion of 30v/v:70v/v. The retention was 1.2 minutes and the rate of flow is identified as 0.12 µL/min. Forced degradation studies reveals that the peaksobtained are homogeneousand there are noco-elutingpeaks. The % RSD was found to be 3.5. Six LLOQ concentrations (10 ng/ml-1)of delafloxacin were evaluated in order to carry out the precision study.The results of calibration curve were 232.8, 0.9968, and 1273, respectivelyfor slope, coefficient of correlation (r2), and intercept.Mass spectrum development is done by the utilization of MRM ion mode (ES+) with mass transitions of m/z 441.10 > 379.10 (amu). On ionization,both parent and daughter ions were identified. 10–150 ng/mL is the calibration curve which reveals that linear by lower quantification limit of 10.00ng/ml. LOQ- 50.00ng/ml, MOQ-100.00ng/ml, HOQ -150.00ng/ml set to accuracy studies.In this present study, the research could be very helpful inlocating other potential DPs and process-related impurities that might be present indelafloxacin in very small amounts.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Schiff’s Base Indole Derivatives Against Inflammation Induced by Carrageenan in Rats
Authors: Singh Divya , Kharb Rajeev , Sharma Satish Kumar
Published: February 2024

Inflammation is a complex physiological response that can lead to various health issues. The development of effective anti-inflammatory agents is crucial for managing inflammatory conditions. This study focused on synthesizing and evaluating Schiff's base Indole derivatives for their anti-inflammatory potential. Among several synthesized compounds, C1IN, C2IN, C3IN, C7IN, C8IN, and C11IN demonstrated substantial reductions in paw edema and levels of cytokines of inflammation such as IL-1β and TNF-α. In-silico analysis and molecular docking studies further supported the observed effects, indicating potential interactions with TNF-α. The study highlights the therapeutic potential of Schiff's base Indole derivatives in mitigating inflammatory responses. Hence, Schiff's base Indole derivatives present a novel avenue for future research and the potential development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
Phytochemical Screening by GCMS Analysis of Leaf Extracts of Ocimum Sanctum & Mentha Arvensis in Different Organic Solvents
Authors: Badore Anil , Pandit Pramod , Nilosey Vijayshri
Published: February 2024

According to estimations from the World Health Organization (WHO), certain Asian and African people already utilize herbal medicine for some component of basic healthcare. In the current work, it was intended to perform phytochemical and FTIR analyses on the leaves of Mentha arvensis and Ocimum sanctum in various organic solvents. The findings of this study make it abundantly evident that ocimum sanctum and mentha arvensis leaves have saponins, flavanoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, Tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids in them when they underwent preliminary phytochemical examination. The current work uses FTIR spectroscopy to investigate the leaf extracts of two medicinal plants, Ocimum sanctum and Mentha arvensis, using water, ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, and benzene as solvents. The FTIR spectroscopy analyses identified numerous functional chemicals in the extracts with distinct distinctive peak values. The presence of amide, alcohols, phenols, alkanes, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, alkenes, primary amines, aromatics, esters, ethers, alkyl halides, and aliphatic amines compounds, which showed major peaks, was confirmed by FTIR analysis of ethanol and hexane leaf extracts of ocimum sanctum and mentha arvensis.
Synthesisis And Applications of Natural Polysaccharide Based Ion Exchanger, Guar Gum 2-Amino-3(4-Imidazolyl) Propanoic Acid (Gaipa) Resin for Removal of Toxic Metal Ions From Industial Efflunt’s of Steel Industry, Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Singh Punam , Singh Aresh Vikram
Published: February 2024

Natural Guar gum based resin which containing 2-amino, 3-(4-imidazolyl) propanoic acid as a functional group has been synthesized. This ion exchange GAIPA resin was used for removal of toxic metal ions from industrial effluents using the principle of ion exchange mechanism. GAIPA resin was used for removal of metal ions from reference solution containing metal ions and industrial effluents of steel industry, Jodhpur, which contained metal ions. Metal ions show maximum adsorption on GAIPA resin at pH 4-6.On this pH, resin have highest Kd value. The sequence of maximum adsorption rate of metal ions from references solutions on GAIPA resin were follow as Pb(II)>Cd(II)>Fe(II)>Cu(II)>Zn(II)>Ni(II)>Co(II)>Cr(III) and from industrial effluents follow as Fe(II)>Pb(II)>Zn(II)>Cu(II)>Cd(II). The guar gum based resin GAIPA was characterized on the basis of ion exchange capacity and FTIR.
The Value and Prospect of the Needham Question: A Historiographical Reflection and Elaboration
Authors: Wang Wensheng
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This article revisits the classic Needham question by reassessing its heuristic value, analytical pitfalls, and historiographical significance. It also examines the definition, logic (internal and external), and modernity of science before providing a macro-comparative view of its early modern development at both ends of Eurasia. This article advocates a more eclectic approach to the history of techno-science that combines different sets of seemingly dichotomous variables with the aim of explaining its diversified change in different spatial-temporal contexts. It concludes by calling attention to the enigma of China’s techno-scientific resurgence over the past several decades, which constitutes a modern sequel to the Needham puzzle that foregrounds its growing contemporary, futuristic, and global relevance. Needham’s powerful narrative on cross-cultural dialog, earnest desire to fuse Eastern and Western science as well as optimistic vision of human progress are the most important intellectual legacy of his pioneering work.
Identifying adolescents at risk for suboptimal adherence to tuberculosis treatment: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Chiang Silvia S. , Tanzer Joshua Ray , Starke Jeffrey R. , Friedman Jennifer F. , Roman Sinche Betsabe , León Ostos Katya , Espinoza Meza Rosa , Altamirano Elmer , Beckhorn Catherine B. , Oliva Rapoport Victoria E. , Tovar Marco A. , Lecca Leonid
Published: February 2024

Adolescents account for an estimated 800,000 incident tuberculosis (TB) cases annually and are at risk for suboptimal adherence to TB treatment. Most studies of adolescent TB treatment adherence have used surveillance data with limited psychosocial information. This prospective cohort study aimed to identify risk factors for suboptimal adherence to rifampicin-susceptible TB treatment among adolescents (10–19 years old) in Lima, Peru. We collected psychosocial data using self-administered surveys and clinical data via medical record abstraction. Applying k-means cluster analysis, we grouped participants by psychosocial characteristics hypothesized to impact adherence. Then, we conducted mixed effects regression to compare suboptimal adherence–defined as <90% (missing >10% of doses)–between clusters. Treatment setting (facility vs. home) and drug formulation (single drug vs. fixed dose combination) were interaction terms. Of 249 participants, 90 (36.1%) were female. Median age was 17 (IQR: 15, 16.6) years. We identified three clusters–A, B, and C–of participants based on psychosocial characteristics. Cluster C had the lowest support from caregivers, other family members, and friends; had the weakest motivation to complete TB treatment; were least likely to live with their mothers; and had experienced the most childhood adversity. Among the 118 (47.4%) participants who received facility-based treatment with single drug formulations, adherence did not differ between Clusters A and B, but Cluster C had six-fold odds of suboptimal adherence compared to Cluster A. In Clusters B and C, adherence worsened over time, but only in Cluster C did mean adherence fall below 90% within six months. Our findings have implications for the care of adolescents with TB. When caring for adolescents with low social support and other risk factors, clinicians should take extra measures to reinforce adherence, such as identifying a community health worker or peer to provide treatment support. Implementing newly recommended shorter regimens also may facilitate adherence.
Assessment of air pollution and air quality perception mismatch using mobility-based real-time exposure
Authors: Song Wanying , Kwan Mei-Po , Huang Jianwei
Published: February 2024

Air pollution poses a threat to human health. Public perceptions of air pollution are important for individual self-protection and policy-making. Given the uncertainty faced by residence-based exposure (RB) measurements, this study measures individuals’ real-time mobility-based (MB) exposures and perceptions of air pollution by considering people’s daily movement. It explores how contextual uncertainties may influence the disparities in perceived air quality by taking into account RB and MB environmental factors. In addition, we explore factors that are related to the mismatch between people’s perceived air quality and actual air pollution exposure. Using K-means clustering to divide the PM2.5 values into two groups, a mismatch happens when the perceived air quality is poor but the air pollution level is lower than 15.536μg/m3 and when the perceived air quality is good but the air pollution level is higher than 15.608μg/m3. The results show that there is a mismatch between air pollution exposure and perception of air pollution. People with low income are exposed to higher air pollution. Unemployed people and people with more serious mental health symptoms (e.g., depression) have a higher chance of accurately assessing air pollution (e.g., perceiving air quality as poor when air pollution levels are high). Older people and those with a higher MB open space density tend to underestimate air pollution. Students tend to perceive air quality as good. People who are surrounded by higher MB transportation land-use density and green space density tend to perceive air quality as poor. The results can help policymakers to increase public awareness of high air pollution areas, and consider the health effects of landscapes during planning.
Immunocapture of cell surface proteins embedded in HIV envelopes uncovers considerable virion genetic diversity associated with different source cell types
Authors: Sabour Sarah , Li Jin-fen , Lipscomb Jonathan T. , Santos Tino Ariana P. , Johnson Jeffrey A.
Published: February 2024

HIV particles in the blood largely originate from activated lymphocytes and can overshadow variants which may be expressed from other cell types. Investigations of virus persistence must be able to distinguish cells refractory to viral clearance that serve as reservoirs. To investigate additional cell types that may be associated with in vivo HIV expression we developed a virus particle immunomagnetic capture method targeting several markers of cellular origin that become embedded within virion envelopes during budding. We evaluated the ability of markers to better distinguish cell lineage source subpopulations by assessing combinations of different antibodies with cell-sorted in vitro culture and clinical specimens. Various deductive algorithms were designed to discriminate source cell lineages and subsets. From the particle capture algorithms, we identified distinct variants expressed within individuals that were associated with disparate cellular markers. Among the variants uncovered were minority-level viruses with drug resistance mutations undetected by sequencing and often were associated with markers indicative of myeloid lineage (CD3-/CD10-/CD16+ or /CD14+, and CD3-/CD16-/CD14-/CD11c+ or /HLA-DR+) cell sources. The diverse HIV genetic sequences expressed from different cell types within individuals, further supported by the appearance of distinct drug-resistant variants, highlights the complexity of HIV reservoirs in vivo which must be considered for HIV cure strategies. This approach could also be helpful in examining in vivo host cell origins and genetic diversity in infections involving other families of budding viruses.
The Planetary Child Health & Enterics Observatory (Plan-EO): A protocol for an interdisciplinary research initiative and web-based dashboard for mapping enteric infectious diseases and their risk factors and interventions in LMICs
Authors: Colston Josh M. , Fang Bin , Houpt Eric , Chernyavskiy Pavel , Swarup Samarth , Gardner Lauren M. , Nong Malena K. , Badr Hamada S. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Lakshmi Venkataraman , Kosek Margaret N.
Published: February 2024

Background

Diarrhea remains a leading cause of childhood illness throughout the world that is increasing due to climate change and is caused by various species of ecologically sensitive pathogens. The emerging Planetary Health movement emphasizes the interdependence of human health with natural systems, and much of its focus has been on infectious diseases and their interactions with environmental and human processes. Meanwhile, the era of big data has engendered a public appetite for interactive web-based dashboards for infectious diseases. However, enteric infectious diseases have been largely overlooked by these developments.

Methods

The Planetary Child Health & Enterics Observatory (Plan-EO) is a new initiative that builds on existing partnerships between epidemiologists, climatologists, bioinformaticians, and hydrologists as well as investigators in numerous low- and middle-income countries. Its objective is to provide the research and stakeholder community with an evidence base for the geographical targeting of enteropathogen-specific child health interventions such as novel vaccines. The initiative will produce, curate, and disseminate spatial data products relating to the distribution of enteric pathogens and their environmental and sociodemographic determinants.

Discussion

As climate change accelerates there is an urgent need for etiology-specific estimates of diarrheal disease burden at high spatiotemporal resolution. Plan-EO aims to address key challenges and knowledge gaps by making and disseminating rigorously obtained, generalizable disease burden estimates. Pre-processed environmental and EO-derived spatial data products will be housed, continually updated, and made publicly available for download to the research and stakeholder communities. These can then be used as inputs to identify and target priority populations living in transmission hotspots and for decision-making, scenario-planning, and disease burden projection.

Study registration

PROSPERO protocol #CRD42023384709.
Meal frequency strategies for the management of type 2 diabetes subjects: A systematic review
Authors: Gómez-Ruiz Roxana Paola , Cabello-Hernández Abraham Isaí , Gómez-Pérez Francisco Javier , Gómez-Sámano Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2024

Background

Effective nutrition management is fundamental in the comprehensive treatment of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Various strategies have been explored in this regard, demonstrating their potential usefulness in improving clinical outcomes. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of meals frequency on the well-being of these patients.

Methods and findings

In accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta–Analyses) guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched until July 10th, 2023. We included studies from the last 10 years in people with type 2 diabetes that had an intervention regarding their meal frequency. The risk of bias was evaluated based on the Cochrane tool according to the type of study. Of 77 retrieval articles, 13 studies matched our inclusion criteria. The primary focus of each study was to evaluate glycemic control as the major outcome. Studies suggest that meal frequency, time-restricted feeding, breakfast skipping, bedtime snacking, and chrononutrition practices all play roles in type 2 diabetes management and risk.

Conclusions

Restricting feeding to 2 to 3 meals per day and practicing time restricted feeding with less than 10 hours of daily food intake promotes weight loss and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Aligning food consumption with the body’s natural rhythm is beneficial, whereas skipping breakfast disrupts this rhythm. Snacking after evening or waiting 3–4 hours after meal helps control glucose levels, but consuming pre-bedtime snacks do not provide the same benefits.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023431785.
Evidence for dopamine production and distribution of dopamine D2 receptors in the equine gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas
Authors: Galinelli Nicolas C. , Bamford Nicholas J. , de Laat Melody A. , Sillence Martin N. , Harris Patricia A. , Bailey Simon R.
Published: February 2024

Insulin dysregulation in horses is characterised by hyperinsulinaemia and/or tissue insulin resistance and is associated with increased risk of laminitis. There is growing evidence in other species that dopamine attenuates insulin release from the pancreas; however, this has yet to be examined in horses. The present study aimed to identify whether there are cells capable of producing or responding to dopamine within the equine gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas. Tissue samples were collected from the stomach, small and large intestines, and pancreas of six mature horses following euthanasia. Samples of stomach contents and faeces were also collected. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine production, and dopamine D2 receptors in tissue sections. Additional immunostaining for glucagon, insulin and chromogranin A was performed to identify α cells, β cells and enteroendocrine cells, respectively. Gastric parietal cells expressed both TH and D2 receptors, indicating that they are capable of both producing and responding to dopamine. Dopamine was quantified in stomach contents and faeces by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, with similar concentrations found at both sites. Dopamine D2 receptors were expressed in duodenal epithelial cells but not more distally. A subset of enteroendocrine cells, located sporadically along the gastrointestinal tract, were found to be immunopositive for the D2 receptor. In pancreatic islets, TH was present in α cells, while D2 receptors were strongly expressed in β cells and variably expressed in α cells. These findings are consistent with studies of other species; however, dynamic studies are required to further elucidate the role of dopamine in the modulation of insulin and glucagon secretion in horses. This descriptive study provides preliminary evidence for a potential role of dopamine to act as a paracrine messenger in the gastrointestinal mucosa and endocrine pancreas of horses.
Investigating barriers & facilitators for the successful implementation of the BP@home initiative in London: Primary care perspectives
Authors: Riboli-Sasco Eva , El-Osta Austen , El Asmar Marie Line , Karki Manisha , Kerr Gabriele , Sathaymoorthy Ganesh , Majeed Azeem
Published: February 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic led to the implementation of a national policy of shielding to safeguard clinically vulnerable patients. To ensure consistent care for high-risk patients with hypertension, NHS England introduced the BP@home initiative to enable patients to self-monitor their blood pressure by providing them with blood pressure monitors. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the initiative based on the experience and perspectives of programme managers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in its implementation in London.

Methods and findings

We conducted five semi-structured focus groups and one individual interview with a total of 20 healthcare professionals involved at different levels and stages in the BP@home initiative across four of the five London Integrated Care Systems (ICSs). All focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically following the Framework Method. Respondents reported being challenged by the lack of adequate IT, human and financial resources to support the substantial additional workload associated with the programme. These issues resulted in and reinforced the differential engagement capacities of PCNs, practices and patients, thus raising equity concerns among respondents. However respondents also identified several facilitators, including the integration of the eligibility criteria into the electronic health record (EHR), especially when combined with the adoption of practice-specific, pragmatic and opportunistic approaches to the onboarding of patients. Respondents also recommended the provision of blood pressure monitors (BPMs) on prescription, additional funding and training based on needs assessment, the incorporation of BP@home into daily practice and simplification of IT tools, and finally the adoption of a person-centred care approach. Contextualised using the second iteration of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), these findings support key evidence-based recommendations to help streamline the implementation of the BP@home initiative in London’s primary care setting.

Conclusions

Programs such as BP@Home are likely to become more common in primary care. To successfully support HCPs’ aim to care for their hypertensive patients, their implementation must be accompanied by additional financial, human and training resources, as well as supported task-shifting for capacity building. Future studies should explore the perspectives of HCPs based in other parts of the UK as well as patients’ experiences with remote monitoring of blood pressure.
Efficacy on knee function of Kinesio taping among individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Peng , Wang Ling , Zhou Wenxing , Wang Lin
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study aims to evaluate systematically the efficacy of Kinesio taping (KT) on the knee function of individuals who undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods

This study was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42023399885) on February 26, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the effects on the knee function of KT among individuals after ACLR were electronically searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and EBSCO from inception to July 02, 2023. The outcome measures included six continuous variables: quadriceps strength, hamstring strength, knee swelling, knee flexion angle, Lysholm knee function score, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores. The Cochrane Risk Bias Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature.

Results

Seven RCTs including 278 patients who underwent ACLR were included in the systematic review. One of three (33%) studies found a remarkable increase in quadricep strength associated with the use of KT compared with the control group. Two of two (100%) studies found substantial increases in hamstring strength associated with KT. Two of four (50%) studies reported KT reduced knee swelling. Two of five (40%) studies reported considerable improvements in knee flexion angle in the groups that used KT. All three (100%) studies found KT did not improve Lysholm knee function scores. Three of four (75%) studies noted a significant reduction in VAS pain scores associated with KT.

Conclusion

KT may help improve hamstring strength and reduce knee swelling and pain in patients after ACLR. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of KT on quadricep strength and knee flexion angle.
Testing a decoy donation incentive to improve online survey participation: Evidence from a field experiment
Authors: Stoffel Sandro Tiziano , Chaki Biswajit , Vlaev Ivo
Published: February 2024

This study introduces a new randomized field experiment exploring the impact of offering a decoy charity donation incentive together with a monetary reward to increase response rates in an online survey about coronavirus fears. The study used a two-stage approach, starting with a preliminary survey to investigate participant attitudes toward different types of donations. Subsequently, an experiment was conducted wherein a less desirable £2 donation (the decoy) was introduced as an alternative to a £2 Amazon voucher (the target) within the choice set. The study sample consisted of 431 university students. They were split into three groups: a control group with a standard £2 Amazon voucher incentive (216 participants), a decoy group with the target shown first (108 participants), and a decoy group with the decoy shown first (107 participants). We found significantly higher survey completion rates in the decoy than in the control condition (82.3% vs. 74.5%). Notably, an order effect was observed–presenting the target before the decoy led to a higher completion rate (89.8%) compared to presenting the decoy first (74.8%). Importantly, the inclusion of the decoy incentive did not introduce any response bias. This study offers a proof of principle that incorporating a decoy charity donation incentive into the choice set can have a positive impact on survey participation without adversely affecting response behaviour. It demonstrates the potential of such incentives to encourage participants to complete online surveys, even when a small monetary reward is offered.
Fetal Warfarin Syndrome - A Case Report
Authors: Laila K. V.  , Noufira P.  , Shilpa K.  , Smitha Santhosh
Published: February 2024

Fetal warfarin syndrome (FWS) or warfarin embryopathy also known as “Di Sala syndrome” is a rare fetal anomaly which occurs as a result of fetal exposure to warfarin during the early stages of pregnancy. FWS is characterised by nasal hypoplasia and skeletal abnormalities, including short limbs and digits and stippled epiphyses. Here we present a case of foetal embryopathy due to warfarin use in a female with an unplanned pregnancy while taking warfarin for cerebral venous thrombosis. The case was reported in Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Monitoring centre in August 2023. The purpose of this case report is to caution all the clinicians particularly obstetricians regarding the fetal abnormalities of warfarin. If the mother had history of warfarin usage, paediatricians should also be vigilant regarding the possibility of congenital warfarin syndrome in the newborn.

Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant drug that decreases the production of clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) which are vitamin K-dependent. Warfarin is used in the treatment of patients with thromboembolic disorders and in patients who are predisposed to the development of thrombus. Especially those people with prosthetic heart valves, those who have had ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. Warfarin is a teratogen which can cross the placental barrier and cause harm to the developing foetus.[1] Warfarin causes inhibition of clotting factors leading to internal bleeding of the fetus, while inhibition of osteocalcin retards bone growth. In addition to birth defects, warfarin can induce spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, neonatal death and even congenital anomalies known as fetal warfarin syndrome.[2] The risk of teratogenicity is not predictable with any dose of warfarin. The first case of embryopathy due to warfarin was reported by Di Sala in 1966 hence, it is also known as Di Sala syndrome.[3,4] Warfarin leads to embryopathy which is characterized by the abnormalities of cartilages and bones known as chondrodysplasia punctata.[5] Almost 6% of babies born to mothers treated with warfarin during the first trimester have a pattern of congenital anomalies like nasal hypoplasia and stippling of vertebrae or bony epiphyses.[6] So, warfarin is contraindicated during pregnancy.

Here we present a case of foetal embryopathy due to warfarin use in a female with an unplanned pregnancy while taking warfarin for cerebral venous thrombosis. This form of stroke is relatively rare and underdiagnosed which accounts for 0.5%-1% of all strokes mostly occurring in young adults, especially in women. Pregnancy, use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), puerperium, malignancies and other conditions with hypercoagulable states have been recognised as predisposing risk factors.[7] The conventional therapy for venous thromboembolism includes treatment with parenteral low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and the vitamin K antagonist warfarin.[7]
Jogos Indígenas da Paraíba: Confluência entre Esporte e Cultura
Authors: Silva Wellington David Cruz da
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo traz como objeto de pesquisa os Jogos Indígenas da Paraíba (JIP) e a Educação Física Escolar. A ideia principal de estudo baseasse na análise dos Jogos Indígenas da Paraíba através da multidisciplinaridade, para a Educação Física Escolar, pelo esporte e a cultura. A pesquisa foi realizada com professores e gestão escolar da Escola Estadual Indígena de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Drº Jose Lopes Ribeiro no município de Rio Tinto-PB. Para tanto, foi empregada uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa e quantitativa de cunho exploratório, vivenciada na edição VIII do JIP e durante as aulas de educação física do ano letivo de 2018. A produção das informações contidas na pesquisa atravessa questões sociais, culturais e esportivas. Após a análise dos dados resultamos a importância que estes jogos indígenas da Paraíba podem e devem contribuir para uma Educação Física escolar para os escolares da unidade de ensino mencionada.
A Criminalidade sob a Perspectiva de Winnicott
Authors: Santos Stefani Santana dos
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender o conceito de tendência antissocial de Winnicott e aproximá-lo ao fenômeno da criminalidade. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi um estudo descritivo de método qualitativo, utilizando-se de revisão bibliográfica não sistemática. Em nosso país, o número cada vez mais expressivo de crimes cometidos causa preocupação geral na população e esse aumento da criminalidade reflete cada vez mais nos gastos com segurança pública, sistema judiciário e sistema prisional. A partir das pesquisas realizadas, foi possível observar dois caminhos do desenvolvimento emocional descritos por Winnicott que levam à tendência antissocial: quando a agressividade instintual do bebê não é integrada na personalidade e quando o bebê se sente privado de algo bom que já existiu em seu ambiente. Em ambos os casos, torna-se fundamental a promoção de um ambiente seguro e de confiança para minimizar os efeitos negativos no desenvolvimento emocional infantil.
Digitale Lerntools auf Basis von Zeitzeug:innen-Interviews bei ERINNERN:AT
Authors: Kumar Victoria
Published: February 2024

Über 75 Jahre nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges gibt es nur noch sehr wenige Überlebende, die über die nationalsozialistischen Gewaltverbrechen aus erster Hand an Schulen und anderswo Zeugnis ablegen können. Videografierte Zeitzeug:innen-Interviews und ihre didaktische Aufbereitung für das schulische Setting bilden seit jeher einen Schwerpunkt der Arbeit von ERINNERN:AT. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie digitale Lernangebote bei der Vermittlung von Nationalsozialismus und Holocaust gewinnbringend zum Einsatz kommen können und wie dabei selbstgesteuertes historisches Lernen gefördert werden kann.
Simulation und Emotion
Authors: Bautz Timo
Published: February 2024

Speichermedien prägen und verändern unser Geschichtsbewusstsein. Nach Schrift, Druck, Foto, Film und digitalen Formaten setzen Museen und historische Gedenkstätten aktuell auf eine neue Technologie: das Hologramm, das auf Fragen von Besucher:innen antwortet. Ein Algorithmus sammelt darin Schlüsselbegriffe und ordnet ihnen eine vorher aufgenommene Filmsequenz zu, die sofort interaktiv zugespielt wird. Auch Überlebende des Holocaust können in solchen simulierten Interaktionen nach ihren Erinnerungen an die NS-Zeit befragt werden. Die Antworten werden künstlich intelligent ausgewählt und berücksichtigen keine inhaltlichen und emotionalen Nuancen. Vielmehr überspringen sie diese Resonanz und Sensibilität. Mit technischer Hilfe fremde Erinnerungen und Leiderfahrungen in Eigenregie abzurufen, suggeriert einen souveränen und persönlichen Zugriff auf Geschichte, den Zahlen, Texte und Bilder so nicht bieten. Die Frage ist, was wird dabei gelernt und verinnerlicht?
Inhalte explorativ durchsuchen
Authors: Bleier Roman , Stoff Sebastian
Published: February 2024

Die stetig zunehmende Komplexität von geisteswissenschaftlichen Forschungsdaten verlangt nach neuen programmatischen Zugängen, zu denen auch das im Artikel vorgestellte explorative Durchsuchen bzw. Untersuchen zählt. Explorative Zugänge - wie der in diesem Beitrag besprochene Facettendrilldown - ermöglichen einen niederschwelligen Einstieg bei der Arbeit mit Forschungsdaten und gleichzeitig können Expert:innen neue Zusammenhänge erkennen. Die Entwicklung von geeigneter Software - wie dem Facettendrilldown - verlangt nach umfassenden Mitteln, die von einzelnen Forschungsprojekten kaum aufgebracht werden können. Eine breite Nachnutzung in anderen Projekten ist daher erstrebenswert, besonders in einer Infrastruktur wie dem Geisteswissenschaftlichen Asset Management System (GAMS) der Universität Graz, in dem standardisierte Daten und Abläufe bereits die Grundlagen für projektübergreifende Applikationen liefern.