bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among an Online Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Men and Transgender Women
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Daniel , Biello Katie , Lin Willey Y. , Valente Pablo K. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Hightow-Weidman Lisa , Bauermeister José A.
Published: March 2021

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations are particularly vulnerable to poor COVID-19 outcomes and are more likely to experience stigma and medical mistrust that may impact COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This study examined the prevalence of COVID testing and diagnosis and assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among a large sample of SGM. Participants were recruited as part of an online cross-sectional study focused on an HIV biomedical prevention technology willingness in the United States at increased risk for HIV sero-conversion. Multivariate linear analysis was conducted to examine COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. The study sample included 1350 predominately gay (61.6%), Black (57.9%), cis-gender (95.7%) males with a mean age of 32.9 years. Medical mistrust and social concern regarding COVID-19 vaccine stigma were significantly associated with decreased COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, and altruism was significantly associated with increased vaccine acceptance. Black participants were significantly less likely to accept a COVID-19 vaccine, and Asian participants were significantly more likely to accept a vaccine, compared to White peers. As the planning of COVID-19 vaccine rollout efforts is conceptualized and designed, these data may inform equitable implementation strategies and prevent worsening health inequities among SGM populations.
Correction: Kis, Z. et al. Resources, Production Scales and Time Required for Producing RNA Vaccines for the Global Pandemic Demand. Vaccines 2021, 9, 3
Authors: Kis Zoltán , Kontoravdi Cleo , Shattock Robin , Shah Nilay
Published: March 2021

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Resilience Assessment of Water Quality Sensor Designs under Cyber-Physical Attacks
Authors: Nikolopoulos Dionysios , Ostfeld Avi , Salomons Elad , Makropoulos Christos
Published: March 2021

Water distribution networks (WDNs) are critical infrastructure for the welfare of society. Due to their spatial extent and difficulties in deployment of security measures, they are vulnerable to threat scenarios that include the rising concern of cyber-physical attacks. To protect WDNs against different kinds of water contamination, it is customary to deploy water quality (WQ) monitoring sensors. Cyber-attacks on the monitoring system that employs WQ sensors combined with deliberate contamination events via backflow attacks can lead to severe disruptions to water delivery or even potentially fatal consequences for consumers. As such, the water sector is in immediate need of tools and methodologies that can support cyber-physical quality attack simulation and vulnerability assessment of the WQ monitoring system under such attacks. In this study we demonstrate a novel methodology to assess the resilience of placement schemes generated with the Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Assessment and Sensor Placement Optimization Tool (TEVA-SPOT) and evaluated under cyber-physical attacks simulated using the stress-testing platform RISKNOUGHT, using multidimensional metrics and resilience profile graphs. The results of this study show that some sensor designs are inherently more resilient than others, and this trait can be exploited in risk management practices.
Distributed-Framework Basin Modeling System: Ⅲ. Hydraulic Modeling System
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Wang Chuanhai , Chen Gang , Fang Xing , Zhang Pingnan , Hua Wenjuan
Published: March 2021

A distributed-framework basin modeling system (DFBMS) was developed to simulate the runoff generation and movement on a basin scale. This study is part of a series of papers on DFBMS that focuses on the hydraulic calculation methods in runoff concentration on underlying surfaces and flow movement in river networks and lakes. This paper introduces the distributed-framework river modeling system (DF-RMS) that is a professional modeling system for hydraulic modeling. The DF-RMS contains different hydrological feature units (HFUs) to simulate the runoff movement through a system of rivers, storage units, lakes, and hydraulic structures. The river network simulations were categorized into different types, including one-dimensional river branch, dendritic river network, loop river network, and intersecting river network. The DF-RMS was applied to the middle and downstream portions of the Huai River Plain in China using different HFUs for river networks and lakes. The simulation results showed great consistency with the observed data, which proves that DF-RMS is a reliable system to simulate the flow movement in river networks and lakes.
Nature-Based Solutions and Real-Time Control: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Brasil José , Macedo Marina , Lago César , Oliveira Thalita , Júnior Marcus , Oliveira Tassiana , Mendiondo Eduardo
Published: March 2021

Nature-based solutions (NBS) as green infrastructures to urban drainage are an effective mitigation strategy both in terms of quantity and quality of runoff. Real-time control (RTC) can complement both flood mitigation and improvement of water quality by controlling elements of the drainage and sewage system. This study assessed the improvement opportunities with RTC of three NBS-related techniques commonly applied in urban drainage with different spatial scales: green roof, bioretention and detention basin and the remaining challenges to integrate both methods. Additionally, our investigations showed that the main difficulties reported involve the planning and monitoring stages of the RTC system. All of the studied devices can benefit from RTC. It is possible to observe that, despite the good results reported in the literature, the application of RTC to NBS studies on urban drainage are very recent. There are several opportunities that can be explored to optimize the performance.
A Paleo Perspective of Alabama and Florida (USA) Interstate Streamflow
Authors: Vines Melanie , Tootle Glenn , Terry Leigh , Elliott Emily , Corbin Joni , Harley Grant , Kam Jonghun , Sadeghi Sahar , Therrell Matthew
Published: March 2021

Seasonal reconstructions of streamflow are valuable because they provide water planners, policy makers, and stakeholders with information on the range and variability of water resources before the observational period. In this study, we used streamflow data from five gages near the Alabama-Florida border and centuries-long tree-ring chronologies to create and analyze seasonal flow reconstructions. Prescreening methods included correlation and temporal stability analysis of predictors to ensure practical and reliable reconstructions. Seasonal correlation analysis revealed that several regional tree-ring chronologies were significantly correlated (p ≤ 0.05) with March–October streamflow, and stepwise linear regression was used to create the reconstructions. Reconstructions spanned 1203–1985, 1652–1983, 1725–1993, 1867–2011, and 1238–1985 for the Choctawhatchee, Conecuh, Escambia, Perdido, and Pascagoula Rivers, respectively, all of which were statistically skillful (R2 ≥ 0.50). The reconstructions were statistically validated using the following parameters: R2 predicted validation, the sign test, the variance inflation factor (VIF), and the Durbin–Watson (D–W) statistic. The long-term streamflow variability was analyzed for the Choctawhatchee, Conecuh, Escambia, and Perdido Rivers, and the recent (2000s) drought was identified as being the most severe in the instrumental record. The 2000s drought was also identified as being one of the most severe droughts throughout the entire reconstructed paleo-record developed for all five rivers. This information is vital for the consideration of present and future conditions within the system.
Experimental Study of the Quantitative Impact of Flow Turbulence on Algal Growth
Authors: Zhang Haiping , Cui Yafei , Zhang Yuehong , Xu Hanling , Li Feipeng
Published: March 2021

Flow turbulence has been widely accepted as one of the essential factors affecting phytoplankton growth. In this study, laboratory cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa in beakers were carried out under different turbulent conditions to identify the quantitative relationship between the algal growth rate and the turbulent intensity. The turbulent intensity (represented by energy dissipation rate, ε) was simulated with the software FLUENT. Daily measurement of the two parameters (algal biomass and chlorophyll-a concentration) was carried out during the experimental period to represent the algal growth rate. Meanwhile, the rates of photosynthetic oxygen evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence intensity were calculated to investigate the photosynthetic efficiency. The results indicated that the growth rate of Microcystis aeruginosa became higher in the turbulent environment than in the still water environment under the designed experimental conditions. The peak growth rate of Microcystis aeruginosa occurred when ε was 6.44 × 10−2 m2/s3, over which the rate declined, probably due to unfavorable impacts of strong turbulence. In comparison, the maximum rate of photosynthetic oxygen evolution occurred when ε was 0.19 m2/s3. Based on the findings of this study, an exponential function was proposed in order to incorporate the effect of flow turbulence into the existing algal growth models, which usually just consider the impacts of nutrient availability, illumination, and temperature.
Variation in Seasonal Precipitation over Gaza (Palestine) and Its Sensitivity to Teleconnection Patterns
Authors: Ajjur Salah Basem , Al-Ghamdi Sami G.
Published: March 2021

The seasonal precipitation (SP) trend and its sensitivity to teleconnection patterns over the East Mediterranean (EM) region remain inconsistent. Based on rainfall records during 1974–2016 at seven meteorological stations in the Gaza region, this study aims to (1) analyze the observed SP trend over the Gaza region, and (2) examine the SP sensitivity to climate indices. Pearson and Spearman correlations between climate indices and SP in the current and following years were calculated, and the seasonal period (particular month) with the highest correlation was identified. Results show that the climate indices, with greater impact on SP over the Gaza region in the autumn and spring, were in the order; El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) > East Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR) > North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) > Arctic Oscillation (AO). The indices’ impact was minimal in the winter precipitation. ENSO types’ correlations (Southern Oscillation Index-SOI and Niño 3.4) were moderate and significant at α = 0.05. Rainfall at most stations positively correlates with AO and EAWR in spring and autumn. During the study period, warm phases of ENSO (i.e., El Niño) intensified autumn precipitation. Simultaneously with warm phases of EAWR or AO, more influence on autumn precipitation is exerted. Cold phases of ENSO (i.e., La Niña) have an adverse impact compared to El Niño. EAWR co-variation was evident only with the ENSO. Regarding AO, a non-meaningful action was noticed during the neutral phases of ENSO and EAWR. The findings of this study help understand and predict the seasonal trend of precipitation over the Gaza region. This is essential to set up climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in the EM region.
Neural Network- and Fuzzy Control-Based Energy Optimization for the Switching in Parallel Hybrid Two-Wheeler
Authors: Kalyankar-Narwade Supriya , Chidambaram Ramesh Kumar , Patil Sanjay
Published: March 2021

Optimization of a two-wheeler hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a typical challenge compared to that for four-wheeler HEVs. Some of the challenges which are particular to two-wheeler HEVs are throttle integration, smooth switching between power sources, add-on weight compensation, efficiency improvisation in traffic, and energy optimization. Two power sources need to be synchronized skillfully for optimum energy utilization. A prominent variant of HEV is that it easily converts conventional scooters into parallel hybrids by “Through-the-Road (TTR)” architecture. This paper focuses on three switching control strategies of HEVs based on the state of charge, fuzzy logic, and neural network. Further, to optimize energy usage, all these control strategies are compared. Energy management control for the TTR model is developed with vehicle parameters in the Simulink environment and simulated using the “World Harmonized Motorcycle Test Cycle” (WMTC) drive cycle. The multivariable input model is presented with a fuzzy rule-based hybrid switching control. A similar system is also modeled with a neural network-based decision control and the observations are tabulated for the fuel economy and energy management. Simulation results show that the neural network-based optimization results in minimal energy consumption among all three hybrid operations.
Derogatory Language in Charting: The Domino Effect
Authors: Davis Bethany
Published: March 2021

No matter your background and expertise in healthcare, it is still possible for you to be impacted by stigmatizing language through reviewing a chart. Medical documentation is used to coordinate and communicate care plans from provider to provider and with members of a patient’s care team. In reality, a patient’s history and plan of care is not the only thing that can be passed through. An important theme of this article is exposing the fact that bias can be passed from provider to provider through stigmatizing language in clinical documentation.
Challenges with Measurement and Transcription of Patient Height: An Analysis of Patient Safety Events in Pennsylvania Related to Inaccurate Patient Height
Authors: Kukielka Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

An accurate patient height is necessary to calculate certain measurements (e.g., body surface area [BSA]) and lab values (e.g., creatinine clearance [CrCl]), which may be needed to assess renal, cardiac, and lung function and to calculate accurate medication doses. We queried the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System (PA-PSRS) and identified 679 event reports related to an inaccurate patient height. All events were classified by the reporting facility as incidents, meaning that the patient did not sustain an unanticipated injury or require the delivery of additional healthcare services. The most common care area group where an event occurred was outpatient/clinic (35.8%;
243 of 679). Events were categorized as being related to an error in transcription (72.5%; 492 of 679) or measurement (7.4%; 50 of 679), and the remainder were categorized as etiology of error unclear (20.2%; 137 of 679). The most common transcription errors were the use of the wrong unit of measurement, the transposition of another measurement with height, and typographical errors. Inaccurate patient heights most often led to errors in calculation of medication doses or laboratory values. The most common medication class involved in a dosing error was cancer chemotherapy. In order to ensure accuracy of patient height measurements, patients should be measured at the beginning of every healthcare encounter, units of measurement should be consistent from measurement to transcription into the electronic medical record, and
estimated patient height should never be relied upon or recorded.
Data Snapshot: Nasogastric Tube Misplacements
Authors: Gardner Lea , Wallace Susan
Published: March 2021

Nasogastric and orogastric tubes, herein collectively referred to as nasogastric tubes (NGT), are inserted into a patient’s nasal or oral cavity to administer feedings or medications or remove stomach contents. Tube misplacement is a known complication
that can occur during insertion. This NGT misplacement data snapshot provides updated information.
Hanging by a Thread
Authors: Allen Caitlyn
Published: March 2021

Healthcare in the United States: Who’s really pulling the strings? Wendell Potter, former health insurance executive turned whistleblower, shares how the American people are being misled, signs a news story is just well-concealed propaganda, and how recognizing it as such is vital to making healthcare safer.
European Storm Petrels Hydrobates pelagicus visiting the Swedish west coast; results from a ringing study 1988–2012
Authors: Ström Kåre , Niklasson Aimon
Published: March 2021

The results of a 25 year study of the Storm Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus on the Swedish west coast are described. The first bird was captured on 29 August 1988 (Orust in Bohuslän). A total of 72 Storm Petrels were captured between 1988 and 2012 (64 in Bohuslän and 8 in Halland). Sixty-eight of these were ringed by us and 4 were ringed abroad. Thirteen Storm Petrels (~18%) were captured twice or thrice: 4 re-traps by us (ringed abroad, 3 in Norway, 1 in Britain), 2 own re-traps and 6 recaptured abroad (2 in Britain and 4 in Norway; one own ringed bird recaptured twice). Three additional birds were spontaneously captured in other studies in southern Sweden during the same period. Mean body mass (SD) was 25.5 (1.9) g, and wing length was 123.1 (2.6) mm. A concentration of birds during the turn of the millennium may be related to periods of upwelling. Still no birds have been found breeding in Sweden. Comments are made regarding the first description by Linnaeus.
Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on three salivary adipokines in diabetic patients with periodontitis
Authors: Ziaei Narges , Golmohammadi Shima , Ataee Mari , Ardalani Farnoosh , Mesgari Abbasi Mehran
Published: March 2021

Background. This study investigated the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on clinical indices and salivary levels of visfatin, chemerin, and progranulin in diabetic patients with periodontitis. Methods. This interventional clinical trial was performed on 20 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis (periodontitis stages II or III according to the new classification of periodontal diseases). Clinical indices, including gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and plaque index (PI), were recorded and visfatin, chemerin, and progranulin adipokines levels were also measured in unstimulated saliva by ELISA technique at baseline and twelve weeks after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Results. GI dropped from 1.92±0.27 to 0.71±0.14 after the intervention (P<0.001). Also, there were significant changes in the PPD and PI (P<0.001). However, no significant changes were observed in the CAL (P<0.05). The concentrations of all three salivary adipokines decreased after treatment, but this change was statistically significant only for progranulin (P<0.05). Conclusion. Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in improvements in the clinical indices of GI, PPD, and PI in T2DM patients with periodontitis. Moreover, the significant reduction in the salivary level of progranulin after treatment suggests that it might be considered a target inflammatory marker in periodontal diseases.
Clinical and microbiological effects of adjunctive photodynamic diode laser therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mallineni Sahana , Nagarakanti Sreenivas , Gunupati Sumanth , BV Ramesh Reddy , Shaik Mahaboob V , Chava Vijay K
Published: March 2021

Background. Conventional mechanical debridement alone cannot eliminate bacteria and their products from periodontal pockets. Adjunctive therapies improve tissue healing through detoxification and bactericidal effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment procedure that involves the use of a dye as a photosensitizer to attach to the target cell and be activated by a photon of an appropriate wavelength. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of PDT in treating periodontitis as an adjunct to scaling and root planing. Methods. Fifteen subjects with chronic periodontitis were treated randomly with scaling and root planing (SRP), followed by a single PDT (test) or SRP (control) episode alone. Full-mouth plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed at baseline and 1-month and 3-month intervals. Microbiological evaluation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in subgingival plaque samples was performed using a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. The results revealed a significant difference in PI, SBI, PD, CAL, and microbiological parameters between the groups one and three months after treatment. Conclusion. A combination of PDT and SRP gave rise to a significant improvement in clinical and microbiological parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Color changes of three different brands of acrylic teeth in removable dentures in three different beverages: An in vitro study
Authors: Motayagheni Roza , Ebrahim Adhami Zia , Taghizadeh Motlagh Seyede Mahsa , Mehrara Fereshte , Yasamineh Neda
Published: March 2021

Background. The best prosthetic appliances exhibit a high level of similarity to the lost organ. Color should exhibit favorable stability, as a critical factor in the esthetic appearance of dental prostheses and materials used in fabricating prostheses. The present in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate color changes of three different brands of acrylic resin teeth in three different beverages. Methods. In this in vitro study, 10 samples from each brand of acrylic resin tooth (Ivoclar, Italy; BStar, Iran; and BetaDent, Iran) were immersed in the following beverages for one week: tea, orange juice, natural carrot juice, and distilled water (control). The color parameters were measured using the spectrophotometry technique before and after immersion, and changes were calculated. The same procedures were carried out with the same number of samples at 30-day interval. Data were analyzed with multivariate ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Results. After seven days, Ivoclar and BStar brands exhibited the minimum (1.78) and maximum (3.39) color changes, respectively (P<0.05). At the 30-day interval, the Ivoclar and BetaDent brands exhibited the minimum (3.03) and maximum (4.27) color changes, respectively (P<0.05). At the 7-day interval, carrot juice, orange juice and tea, in descending order, caused the maximum and minimum color changes. At the 30-day interval, carrot juice resulted in maximum color changes (P<0.05); orange juice, and tea caused similar color changes (P>0.05). Conclusion. Different beverages resulted in color changes with different patterns in different brands of acrylic resin teeth. Overall, the Ivoclar brand exhibited less color changes compared to BStar and BetaDent brands. In the first week, all the three brands and in 30 days, Ivoclar and BStar brands exhibited clinically acceptable color changes.
Setting time of construction gypsum, dental plaster, and white orthodontic gypsum
Authors: Darmawan Imelda , Willy Octarina , Budiman Johan Arief
Published: March 2021

Background. Dental plaster, white orthodontic gypsum, and construction gypsum have β-hemihydrate particles. Setting time is an essential property of dental gypsum, which can affect the strength of the material. This research aimed to compare construction gypsum, dental plaster, and white orthodontic gypsum’s initial and final setting times. Methods. Three groups were included in this experimental laboratory study: construction gypsum (A), dental plaster (B), and white orthodontic gypsum (C). Each group consisted of 10 samples. Gypsum manipulation consisted of using 120 gr of powder and 60 mL of water. Gypsum powder and water were mixed using a gypsum mixer at 120 rpm. A homogeneous mixture was poured into a mold, and the setting time was measured using a Gillmore needle, according to ASTM C266-03. The initial setting time test was measured using 113.4 grams and a 2.12-mm needle. The final setting time was measured using 453.6 grams and a 1.06-mm needle. This test was repeated until the needle failed to penetrate the gypsum’s surface. All the data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests using SPSS 23. Results. The average initial setting time for groups A, B, and C were 10.39±1.19, 16.17±1.40, and 24.46±1.51, respectively. The average final setting time for groups A, B, and C were 15.97±0.79, 24.31±0.88) and 33.37±0.66, respectively. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests showed significant differences in the initial and final setting times between the three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion. There were differences in setting time between dental plaster, white orthodontic gypsum, and construction gypsum. The construction gypsum’s setting time is suitable as a type II dental gypsum, according to ADA No.25.
Effect of chemical passivation on corrosion behavior and ion release of a commercial chromium-cobalt alloy
Authors: Moslehifard Elnaz , Ghaffari Tahereh , Mohammadian-Navid Samineh , Ghafari-Nia Mina , Farmani Amirali , Nasirpouri Farzad
Published: March 2021

Background. Corrosion resistance and ion release of alloys play a crucial role in biomedical applications. The present study aimed to investigate an increase in corrosion resistance and reduction in ion release in a commercial Co-Cr-Mo alloy by the chemical passivation method. Methods. Based on ADA97, 20 samples of Flexicast alloy were cast, surface-polished, and electrolytically passivated at room temperature for 24 h in a sodium sulfate solution. Corrosion and ion release of the alloys before and after passivation were studied in normal saline solution. Corrosion resistance and the ion release rates were measured by the weight loss method and atomic absorption spectroscopy, respectively, before and after passivation after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The surface morphology of the samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests using SPSS 20 at a significance level of <0.05. Results. The corrosion rate in the passivated samples was significantly lower than the non-passivated samples at the intervals (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks) (P<0.05). The passivation of the alloy significantly reduced Co and Cr ion release in the first and fourth weeks, and in the first, second, and fourth weeks, respectively (P<0.05). SEM images revealed localized pitting associated with the corrosion, which was less significant in passivated samples. Conclusion. Chemical passivation of the CR-Co alloy significantly reduced corrosion and ionic release of Cr and Co over time.
Architecture and Health
Authors: KHAN Hasibullah
Published: March 2021

Most of today's architectural practices are designed to meet the shelter needs of people. However, basic health needs for humans take priority over housing needs. Therefore, architectural applications should be designed in a way that healthier environments can be created for people. In this study, it is tried to examine the relevant literature on what qualities the living spaces should be designed in order to assure people to lead a healthier and more efficient life and to suggest for making existing buildings healthier. In line with this purpose, the factors affecting human health in architectural structures were primarily examined. Later, current architectural designs and health practices in today's architecture are emphasized. In the conclusion part of the study, in order to have a healthier life, the issues that should be considered while designing architectural designs were suggested and some suggestions were made to make existing buildings healthier.
DISTRIBUSI DAN KOMPOSISI SAMPAH LAUT PESISIR DI KECAMATAN KUALA PESISIR KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA
Authors: Kusumawati Ika - , Nasution Muhammad Arif , Alamsyah Alamsyah -
Published: March 2021

Penelitian tentang distribusi dan komposisi sampah laut pesisir di Kecamatan Kuala Pesisir Kabupaten Nagan Raya yang di lakukan pada bulan Juli s/d Agustus tahun 2017 bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan komposisi sampah laut di pesisir yang terdapat di Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Penelitian ini menggunakandua titik lokasi penelitian antara lain lokasi pertama pantai peunaga permai tempat wisata dan lokasi kedua pantai seunagan tempat pemancingan. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif yaitu metode pengamatan secara langsung untuk mengidentifikasi semua jenis sampah pesisir yang terdapat di ketiga stasiun pada dua titik lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian pada bulan Juli 2017 selama 28 hari jumlah sampah yang terdapat dipesisir laut pada dua lokasi penelitian sebanyak 6 jenis sampah antara lain sampah plastik, logam, kaca, karet, kayu olahan dan sampah kain-kain. Komposisi jenis sampah yang tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi pertama yaitu kawasan tempat wisata dengan jumlah total 15,931 dan jumlah persentase (75 %) sedangkan jumlah yang paling terkecil terdapat pada lokasi ke 2 yaitu pada kawasan pemancingan dengan jumlah total sampah 5.287 dan persentase (25 %). Jadi dampak pencemaran sampah tertinggi terdapat pada kawasan peunaga permai dengan jumlah rata-rata sampah 569 dan kawasan pemancingan dengan jumlah rata-rata sampah 192. Jenis sampah yang paling banyak pencemarannya padadua lokasi penelitian yaitu jenis sampah plastik sedangkan sampah kaca paling sedikit pencemarannya.
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS DAN PERSENTASE LUAS PENUTUPAN MAKROALGA DI PERAIRAN TELUK KABUPATEN ACEH SELATAN
Authors: Fitria Linda , Dewiyanti Irma , Fadli Nur
Published: March 2021

Penelitian tentang struktur komunitas dan persentase penutupan makroalga di perairan teluk  Kabupaten Aceh Selatan bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana kepadatan, komposisi jenis, keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dominansi dan persentase penutupan makroalga pada perairan kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Pengambilan sampel dan data dilakukan pada 21-26 April 2015 dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Titik pengambilan sampel dan data dibagi kedalam 6 stasiun penelitian dimana sampling menggunakan metode transek garis 20 m di Substasiun 1 dan 2 dimana transek kuadrat 1x1 m diletakkan sejajar garis pantai sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan (plot) pada siang hari menjelang surut air laut. Ditemukan sebanyak 1623 individu dari 23 jenis makroalga pada 3 kelas berbeda dengan komposisi jenis paling tinggi dari kelas Phaeophyceae 55%. Struktur komunitas dengan keanekaragaman indeks 2.15 menunjukkan bahwa spesies makroalga yang hidup di perairan Aceh Selatan cukup beragam (moderat), keseragaman spesies tinggi/merata dengan nilai 0.75 dengan dominansi spesies dengan nilai 0.32 yang rendah/ tidak ada dominansi spesies . Rata-rata persentase penutupan makroalga adalah 26.34 % terhadap substrat.
TRUST DAN SELF-DISCLOSURE PADA REMAJA PUTRI PENGGUNA INSTAGRAM
Authors: Devi Elintia , Indryawati Rini
Published: March 2021

Penggunaan Instagram pada remaja putri memiliki berbagai risiko, seperti pelanggaran privasi, kesalahpahaman, cyberbullying, penyalahgunaan informasi, hingga penipuan yang dapat terjadi karena remaja putri yang mudah percaya (trust) terhadap pengguna Instagram lain termasuk pengguna yang tidak mereka kenal sehingga membuat remaja putri mengungkapkan (self-disclosure) apapun kepada pengguna lain tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan trust dan self-disclosure pada remaja putri pengguna Instagram. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 88 remaja putri yang telah menggunakan media sosial Instagram selama minimal 2 tahun. Alat ukur dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala trust dan skala self-disclosure. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan analisis korelasi Spearman one tailed, diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara trust dan self-disclosure pada remaja putri pengguna Instagram dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p < .01) dan koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 0.713. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi trust, maka akan semakin tinggi pula self-disclosure yang dilakukan. Selain itu, koefisien korelasi (R) yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa hubungan positif yang dihasilkan bersifat erat atau kuat.
3D integration technology with photosensitive mold for fan-out package
Authors: Mori Kentaro , Yamashita Soichi , Sekiguchi Masahiro
Published: March 2021

An innovative 3D packaging and integration technology with a newly developed photosensitive mold material was successfully demonstrated. This technology needs neither a tall Cu pillar electroplating nor a laser drilling. A test die was mounted face up on a substrate, then a more than 100 μm thick photosensitive mold film was laminated on the whole substrate. The lithography process on the mold film was executed to make openings with depth of 10 μm on the embedded die, and with depth of 110 μm on the substrate. The Cu redistribution layer formed the electrical contacts between the die and the substrate through the photosensitive vias with different diameters and depths. The developed 3D package passed 1000 thermal cycles at −55/125 °C. This work disclosed future capability of a fan-out process using a photosensitive mold, thereby realizing a rapid growth of 3D integrated modules.
A self-bias NAND gate and its application to non-overlapping clock generator for extremely low-voltage CMOS LSIs
Authors: Sebe Hikaru , Matsumoto Kaori , Matsuzuka Ryo , Maida Osamu , Kanemoto Daisuke , Hirose Tetsuya
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a self-bias NAND (SBNAND) gate and its application to a non-overlapping (NOL) clock generator for extremely low-voltage CMOS LSIs. The SBNAND, consisting of a main NAND gate and feedback inverter, improves the output performance at extremely low supply voltage V
DD by controlling the body-bias voltages V
BS of the main NAND gate. Measurements of a proof-of-concept chip demonstrated that our proposed NOL clock generator using SBNANDs can operate at the extremely low V
DD of 60 mV.
Mechanical-stressing measurements of formation energy of single Shockley stacking faults in 4H-SiC
Authors: Maeda Koji , Murata Koichi , Kamata Isaho , Tsuchida Hidekazu
Published: March 2021

The formation energy

γ

ISSF

eq
.

of single Shockley stacking faults (1SSFs) in thermo-equilibrium is crucial for validating the anomalous expansion mechanism of 1SSF induced by forward current injection in 4H-SiC bipolar devices. As a function of variable mechanical stress externally applied to a plate sample of 4H-SiC, we systematically measured the ultraviolet intensity thresholds demarcating photo-induced expansion and contraction of 1SSFs. The experimental results on two types of 1SSF differing in the Schmid factor of mobile partial dislocations achieving 1SSF expansion/contraction showed a

γ

ISSF

eq
.

value of 4.7 ± 1.6 mJ m−2, significantly smaller than the reported value of 14 ± 2.5 mJ m−2 obtained by transmission electron microscopic measurements.
«РАДИКАЛЬНИЙ ПОСТГУМАНІЗМ», ЯК ІНТЕГРАТИВНИЙ ПАТТЕРН ПОЛІТИКИ І ПРИРОДИ
Authors: Калюжна Юлія
Published: March 2021

В статті здійснюється презентація теорій «радикального постгуманізму», методологічною домінантою яких визнано неантропоцентричний підхід. В рамках неантропоцентричного підходу сучасними теоретиками запропоновано новий формат Науки, Науки що ґрунтується на категоріях синкретичності, цілісності, асоціації, спорідненості людей (humans) і «не-людей» (non-humans). Відтак, в контексті оновленого методологічного інструментарію теоретики-постгуманісти здійснюють наукову експертизу ключових аспектів сучасної екологічної політики, зокрема, – міжвидової дискримінації та міжвидової ідентичності, суб’єктивності природи та абсолюту рівноправ’я «людей» (humans) і «не-людей» (non-humans) тощо.
НАВЧАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ ТРЕНІНГИ ЯК ЗАСІБ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА
Authors: Якимчикас Євгенія
Published: March 2021

На сучасному етапі розвитку освіти особлива увага приділяється професійній підготовці майбутніх вчителів початкової освіти в процесі навчання у фахових педагогічних коледжах, які у майбутньому сприятимуть навчанню, розвитку та вихованню сучасного громадянина української держави. Саме від рівня сформованості професійних компетентностей майбутніх вчителів початкових класів залежить якість реалізації пріоритетних напрямків освітніх реформ. Зміни, які відбуваються в усіх ланках освіти зумовили перехід до нового напрямку розвитку освітнього середовища із застосуванням сучасних форм та методів. Зміни у змісті освіти, формування нової системи освітніх взаємин, оновлення підходів до організації діяльності серед учасників освітнього процесу передбачає побудову певної педагогічної взаємодії, де здійснюється взаємовплив суб’єктів діяльності на засадах добровільності, активності, свідомої вмотивованості. В статті розкрито особливості використання навчально-педагогічних тренінгів як різновид інтерактивного навчання, що підвищує ефективність засвоєння матеріалу, сприяє індивідуальному й особистісному творчому розвитку, професійному становленню та формуванню компетентності педагогічного партнерства. Визначено ключові ідеї, мету, зміст, особливості та методику організації навчально-педагогічних тренінгів на заняттях психолого-педагогічного циклу фахової підготовки майбутніх вчителів з початкової освіти. Охарактеризовано партнерську взаємодію з учасниками освітнього процесу, яка включає компетентність педагогічного партнерства. Зроблено спробу систематизувати шляхи підготовки майбутніх фахівців початкової школи за умові налагодження педагогічної взаємодії між суб’єктами навчального процесу у всіх її проявах через застосування тренінгових технологій. Визначено професійно важливі якості та вміння щодо формування компетентності педагогічного партнерства. Зосереджено увагу на суб’єктах педагогічної взаємодії в процесі професійної підготовки майбутніх фахівців. Акцентовано увагу на проблемах, які виникають під час педагогічної взаємодії. Зазначено, що під час фахової підготовки вчителів можна успішно використовувати тренінгові технології як різновид інтерактивного навчання, що сприятиме ефективному засвоєнню навчального матеріалу, індивідуальному й особистісному творчому розвитку та професійному становленню.
Effects of Transforaminal Balloon Treatment
in Patients with Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis: A
Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Shin Jin-Woo
Published: March 2021

Background: Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common condition in the elderly. Although balloon
treatment is a well-known therapeutic method in specific pain conditions, applying the balloon
treatment in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis is not yet well established.
Objectives: We tested the therapeutic effect of transforaminal balloon treatment with a Fogarty balloon
catheter on body pain and functional performance in patients with severe lumbar spinal stenosis.
Study Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, active control trial.
Setting: A tertiary, interventional pain management practice, specialty referral center.
Methods: Sixty-two patients with refractory unilateral radiculopathy aggravated by walking were
enrolled and randomly assigned to receive transforaminal steroid injection after transforaminal
balloon treatment using a 3 Fr balloon catheter (n = 32) or the same procedure without balloon
treatment (n = 30). The patients were prohibited from making any alterations to their medications
during the 12 weeks of their follow-up period. After the first 12 weeks, the patients who had
persistent symptoms or unbearable pain were allowed to increase the dose of analgesics or to
receive additional interventional treatment.
Outcome Assessment: Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores for the leg and lower back,
Oswestry disability index (ODI), and claudication distance were measured at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks
post procedure. During the 52 weeks of the overall follow-up period, the patients achieving ≥ 50%
leg pain relief without additional treatment or increasing the dose of analgesics were evaluated.
Results: Significant improvement occurred compared to baseline in VAS (P < 0.001), ODI (P < 0.001),
and claudication distance (P < 0.001) in the balloon group during the overall follow-up period, whereas
the improvement in ODI (P < 0.05) and claudication distance (P < 0.05) in the control group persisted
for 8 weeks. The balloon group showed better improvement in leg VAS (P < 0.05), ODI (P < 0.05),
and claudication distance (P < 0.05) than the control group at all post-procedure assessment points.
Kaplan-Meier analysis of the duration of the patients achieving ≥ 50% leg pain relief without additional
treatment or increasing the dose of analgesics showed a significant intergroup difference between the
balloon and control (P = 0.003) groups. Six patients (18.8%) in balloon group maintained > 50% pain
relief for 52 weeks whereas no patient (0%) did in control group.
Limitations: Our study is an active-controlled randomized design with a relatively small number
of patients.
Conclusion: Transforaminal balloon treatment leads to both significant pain relief and functional
improvement in a subset of patients with refractory spinal stenosis.
Institutional Review: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Asan
Medical Center.
Key words: Neurogenic claudication, lumbar foraminal stenosis, transforaminal balloon
treatment, Fogarty catheter
Central Sensitization In Urogynecological
Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Systematic Literature
Review
Authors: Kaya Serap
Published: March 2021

Background: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a complex pain syndrome. Since its pathogenesis is still
poorly understood and structural alterations in pain related brain regions may be present, there is
a greater acceptance that sensitization of the central nervous system (CNS) plays an important role
in the development and maintenance of chronicity.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to systematically review the scientific evidence regarding
central sensitization (CS) in female patients with urogynecological CPP.
Study Design: Systematic review of the literature.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science using
different keyword combinations related to urogynecological CPP and central sensitization. Full
text clinical reports addressing CS in adult women with urogynecological CPP were included and
assessed for methodological quality by 2 independent reviewers.
Results: After screening for the eligibility, a total of 29 full-text articles with low to good
methodological quality were retained. All studies were observational, 27 of which were casecontrol and 2 of which were cohorts. Sensitivity of the CNS was investigated by using a variety
of methods. Although different central mechanisms seem to be involved in pain processing, the
present evidence suggests hyperexcitability of the CNS in patients with urogynecological CPP.
Altered brain morphology and function, generalized hyperalgesia to different type of stimuli,
overactive bottom-up nociceptive mechanisms, and autonomic dysregulation were established
in patients with urogynecological CPP. Nevertheless, diffuse noxious inhibitory control seemed
normal, and therefore the contribution of an impaired endogenous pain inhibition mechanism to
CPP requires further study. The same goes for the contribution of psychological factors.
Limitations: The level of evidence of retained studies is low due to the observational study
designs and a wide range of diagnoses and assessment methods.
Conclusion: Although the majority of the literature provides evidence for the presence of CS in
urogynecological CPP with changes in brain morphology/function and sensory function, it is unclear
whether these changes in central pain processing are secondary or primary to CPP, especially since
evidence regarding the function of endogenous pain inhibition and the role of psychosocial pain
facilitation is scarce. Further studies with good methodological quality are needed in order to clarify
exact mechanisms.
Key words: Urogynecological pain, pelvic pain, chronic pelvic pain, hyperalgesia, sensitization,
central sensitization, pain processing, pain modulation, pain inhibition, systematic review
Vertebral Augmentation: Update on Safety,
Efficacy, Cost Effectiveness and Increased
Survival?
Authors: Chandra Dr. Ronil V.
Published: March 2021

Although over 300 articles have been published annually on vertebral augmentation in the last
5 years, there remains much debate about a fundamental question — is vertebral augmentation
a safe and effective treatment to achieve analgesia, reduce disability, and improve quality of life
in patients with a vertebral fracture? In this modern era of evidence-based clinical practice and
public health care policy and funding, an evidentiary basis is needed to continue to perform
vertebral augmentation.
The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the latest and highest quality evidence for
efficacy, safety, cost effectiveness, and potential survival benefit after vertebroplasty and
kyphoplasty. The design, major inclusion criteria, primary outcome measures, relevant primary
baseline characteristics, primary outcomes, relevant secondary outcomes, and limitations of
prospective multicenter randomized sham-controlled and conservative management-controlled
trials are summarized. Recently published meta-analyses or systematic reviews of efficacy that
include these recent prospective studies of vertebral augmentation are examined. The highest
quality procedural safety data relating to medical complications, cement leaks, and subsequent
vertebral fracture are reviewed. Publications from national databases analyzing potential
reduction in length of hospital stay and reduction in mortality after vertebral augmentation
are presented. Finally, emerging literature assessing the potential cost-effectiveness of vertebral
augmentation is considered.
This narrative review will provide interventional pain physicians a summary of the latest and
highest quality data published on vertebral augmentation. This will allow integration of the
best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient wishes to make the most appropriate
evidence-based clinical decisions for patients with symptomatic vertebral fracture.
Key words: Vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, spinal fracture, osteoporosis, cancer