bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Difference in Blood Pressure Control among Low-Income Individuals (B40) with Hypertension in Malaysia: the RESPOND Study
Authors: Yasin Mazapuspavina Md , Isa Mohamad-Rodi , Mat-Nasir Nafiza , Ariffin Farnaza , Abd-Majid Fadhlina , Palafox Benjamin , McKee Martin
Published: August 2023

Hypertension is a major modifiable determinant of the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with hypertension control in men and women among the low-income individuals (B40) group with hypertension in Malaysia. The communities were selected from rural and urban populations in four peninsular states. Following a multistage sampling approach, communities in each stratum were selected according to probability proportional to the size and identified based on national census data by the community and administrative registers. Eligible individuals were those aged between 35 and 70 years old, self-reported or identified as hypertensive at screening. A survey using validated questionnaires was conducted. The prevalence of controlled hypertension was 33.1% (95%CI: 24.7, 41.5) in men and 34.0% (95%CI: 29.0, 39.0%) in women respondents. In men, hypertension control rates were positively associated with individuals who received or heard any information about hypertension [(Adj. OR: 2.95 (95%CI: 1.02, 8.52)], having two or more comorbidities [Adj. OR: 6.38 (955CI: 1.37, 29.62)] and those who had regular treatment for hypertension [Adj. OR: 14.51 (95%CI: 1.46, 44.21)]. Whereas, in women, hypertension control rates were positively associated with race whereas the non-Malay had more controlled status compared to Malay [Adj. OR: 5.94, (95%CI: 1.26, 28.09)] and those who regularly see the health professional [Adj. OR: 5.68 (95%CI: 1.94, 16.63)]. Health education and promotion programs need to be conducted to disseminate more information about hypertension to the community. Clinical services need to be improved mostly on regular follow up, giving proper consultation on treatment and treating patients to increase the prevalence of hypertension control.
KADAR PROTEIN, SUSUT MASAK DAN ORGANOLEPTIK RENDANG KHAS-PIDIE YANG DIBERI PENAMBAHAN BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) PADA KONSENTRASI YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Masyitah  , Abubakar Amhar
Published: August 2023

Rendang merupakan salah satu masakan tradisional dari Sumatera. Rendang terbuat dari daging sapi yang dimasak selama berjam-jam dan dicampur dengan berbagai bumbu dan rempah-rempah untuk menghasilan produk yang berkualitas. Salah satu bahan alami yang dapat digunakan untuk mengawetkan produk daging adalah bawang putih (Allium sativum). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari bawang putih (Allium sativum) dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap parameter kadar protein, susut masak, dan kualitas organoleptik  (warna, aroma, rasa, keempukan) rendang khas Pidie. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) dan 5 kali ulangan. Variabel yang diamati adalah kadar protein, susut masak, dan kualitas organoleptik. Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bawang putih berpengaruh nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kadar protein, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter susut masak dan kualitas organoleptik rendang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi bawang putih berhubungan positif dengan kadar protein rendang. Kadar protein tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan konsentrasi bawang putih 15%, yaitu mencapai 17,11%.
Alcohol and pregnenolone interaction on cerebral arteries through targeting of vascular smooth muscle Ca2+- and voltage-gated K+ channels of big conductance
Authors: North Kelsey C. , Shaw Andrew A. , Moreira Luiz , Bukiya Anna N. , Dopico Alex M.
Published: August 2023

Despite the significant number of people who may be taking pregnenolone supplements while drinking alcohol (ethanol), the widely documented cerebrovascular actions of pregnenolone and ethanol, and the critical dependence of cerebrovascular function on cerebral artery diameter, there are no studies addressing the effect of pregnenolone + ethanol in combination on cerebral artery diameter. We investigated this by evaluating the effect of this combination on middle cerebral artery diameter in male and female C57BL/6J mice, both in vivo and in vitro. The use of de-endothelialized, in vitro pressurized middle cerebral artery segments allowed us to conduct a concentration-response study of constriction induced by pregnenolone ± ethanol, in which drug action could be evaluated independently of circulating and endothelial factors. In both male and female animals, pregnenolone at lower concentrations (≤1 µM) was found to synergize with 50 mM ethanol to cause vasoconstriction. In both sexes, this synergism was lost as one or both vasoconstrictors approached their maximally effective concentrations (75 mM and 10 µM for ethanol and pregnenolone, respectively), whether this was evaluated in vitro or in vivo using a cranial window. Vasoconstriction by pregnenolone + ethanol was abolished by 1 µM paxilline, indicating BK channel involvement. Moreover, cell-free recordings of BK channel activity in cerebral artery myocyte membranes showed that 10 µM pregnenolone and pregnenolone +50 mM ethanol reduced channel activity to an identical extent, suggesting that these drugs inhibit cerebrovascular BK channels via a common mechanism or mechanisms. Indeed, pregnenolone was found to disrupt allosteric coupling to Ca2+-driven gating, as previously reported for ethanol.
New zooarchaeological evidence from Pictish sites in Scotland: implications for early medieval economies and animal-human relationships
Authors: Masson-MacLean Edouard , Niehaus Sesilia , Fraser Elizabeth , Lee Veronica , Prado Shalen , Czére Orsolya , Fawcett Jovita , O'Driscoll James , Girdland-Flink Linus , Noble Gordon , Britton Kate
Published: August 2023

Our knowledge of the use of livestock in early medieval Scotland is fragmentary and relies on a handful of well-studied faunal assemblages, with few from Pictland (north-east Scotland), an important and enigmatic group and latterly kingdom in Northern Britain that existed between the 3rd and 9th centuries AD. The assemblages that have been recovered and studied mainly occur at the limits of this territory, beyond the heartland of the Picts in the northern and eastern mainland. Recent archaeological excavations at three high-status sites in eastern Scotland have unexpectedly yielded well-preserved faunal remains providing a unique and long-awaited opportunity to explore further human-animal relationships and the use of animals in Pictish society. This paper presents new data from the initial study of these assemblages. It discusses the implications in terms of animal economy in Pictland, the potential of these sites to yield larger faunal assemblages and the directions of future research. Results show that cattle were a pivotal element of the economy, playing a multi-faceted role (beef and secondary products), pigs ranked second in frequency which likely reflects the high status of these sites and sheep appear as a marginal resource and were primarily raised for consumption. Results also suggest that these sites may have operated within an integrated network rather than functioning solely as self-sufficient entities.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in clinical settings in Douala, Cameroon
Authors: Kwedi Nolna Sylvie , Niba Miriam , Djadda Cedric , Masumbe Netongo Palmer
Published: August 2023

Background

The asymptomatic nature of COVID-19 coupled with differential testing are confounders in the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 incidence among people living with HIV (PLWH). As various comorbidities increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is crucial to assess the potential contribution of HIV to the risk of acquiring COVID-19. Our study aimed to compare the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence among people living with and without HIV.

Methods

PLWH were enrolled in the HIV units of two health facilities in Douala, Cameroon. Participants were consecutively enrolled, among which 47 were people living with HIV and 31 were HIV-negative patients. SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests were performed on all participants. Overall, medical consultation was conducted. For HIV-positive participants only, viral load, antiretroviral regimen, duration of HIV infection, and duration of antiretroviral treatment were retrieved from medical records.

Results

We found an overall SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence of 42.31% within the study population, with a SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence of 44.6% for PLWH and 38.7% among those without HIV infection; no significant statistical difference was observed. Adjusting for sex, HIV status, and BCG vaccination, the odds of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were higher among married persons in the study population. Sex, BCG vaccination, and HIV status were not found to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity.

Conclusions

Our findings support the lack of association between HIV status and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ARV regimen, suppressed viral load, and Tenofovir boasted ARV regimen might not affect the body’s immune response after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among PLWH. Thus, if HIV is well treated, the susceptibility to COVID-19 in PLWH would be like that of the general population.
Genetic architecture and polygenic risk score prediction of degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis (DSLD) in the Peruvian Horse
Authors: Momen Mehdi , Brauer Kiley , Patterson Margaret M. , Sample Susannah J. , Binversie Emily E. , Davis Brian W. , Cothran E. Gus , Rosa Guilherme J. M. , Brounts Sabrina H. , Muir Peter
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Spontaneous rupture of tendons and ligaments is common in several species including humans. In horses, degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis (DSLD) is an important acquired idiopathic disease of a major energy-storing tendon-like structure. DSLD risk is increased in several breeds, including the Peruvian Horse. Affected horses have often been used for breeding before the disease is apparent. Breed predisposition suggests a substantial genetic contribution, but heritability and genetic architecture of DSLD have not been determined.

Methods: To identify genomic regions associated with DSLD, we recruited a reference population of 183 Peruvian Horses, phenotyped as DSLD cases or controls, and undertook a genome-wide association study (GWAS), a regional window variance analysis using local genomic partitioning, a signatures of selection (SOS) analysis, and polygenic risk score (PRS) prediction of DSLD risk. We also estimated trait heritability from pedigrees.

Results: Heritability was estimated in a population of 1,927 Peruvian horses at 0.22 ± 0.08. After establishing a permutation-based threshold for genome-wide significance, 151 DSLD risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by GWAS. Multiple regions of enriched local heritability were identified across the genome, with strong enrichment signals on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 16, 18, 22, and the X chromosome. With SOS analysis, there were 66 genes with a selection signature in DSLD cases that was not present in the control group that included the TGFB3 gene. Pathways enriched in DSLD cases included proteoglycan metabolism, extracellular matrix homeostasis, and signal transduction pathways that included the hedgehog signaling pathway. The best PRS predictive performance was obtained when we fitted 1% of top SNPs using a Bayesian Ridge Regression model which achieved the highest mean of R2 on both the probit and logit liability scales, indicating a strong predictive performance.

Discussion: We conclude that within-breed GWAS of DSLD in the Peruvian Horse has further confirmed that moderate heritability and a polygenic architecture underlies the trait and identified multiple DSLD SNP associations in novel tendinopathy candidate genes influencing disease risk. Pathways enriched with DSLD risk variants include ones that influence glycosaminoglycan metabolism, extracellular matrix homeostasis, signal transduction pathways.
Host immunity and HBV S gene mutation in HBsAg-negative HBV-infected patients
Authors: Liu Xin , Chen Shu-xiang , Liu Hui , Lou Jin-li
Published: August 2023

Background

Clinically, some patients whose HBsAg becomes negative owing to antiviral therapy or spontaneously still show a low level of HBV DNA persistence in serum. T-lymphocyte subsets, cytokine levels and HBV S gene sequences were analyzed in this study.

Methods

A total of 52 HBsAg-negative and HBV DNA-positive patients(HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ patients), 52 persistently HBsAg-positive patients(HBsAg+/HBV DNA+ patients) and 16 healthy people were evaluated. T-lymphocyte subsets of these patients were detected by flow cytometry, serum cytokines and chemokines were detected by the Luminex technique, and the HBV S region was evaluated by Sanger sequencing. T%, T-lymphocyte, CD8+ and CD4+T lymphocyte were lower in the HBsAg-negative group than in the HC group. Compared with the HBsAg-positive group, the HBsAg-negative group had lower levels in T lymphocyte %, CD8+T lymphocyte %, CD8+T lymphocyte and CD4/CD8. These difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). Serum IFN-γ, IFN-α and FLT-3L levels were significantly higher in the HBsAg-negative group than in the HBsAg-positive group (P<0.05). However, levels of many cytokines related to inflammation (i.e., IL-6, IL-8, IL10, IL-12, IL-17A) were lower in the HBsAg-negative group. Fifty-two HBsAg-negative samples were sequenced, revealing high-frequency amino acid substitution sites in the HBV S protein, including immune escape mutations (i.e., Y100C, S114T, C124Y, P127L, G130R, T131N, M133T, C137S, G145A) and TMD region substitutions (i.e., E2K/R/D, G7D/R, G10D, A17R, F20L/S, L21V, L22V).

Conclusions

According to the results of T-lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokines, it can be deduced that the cellular immune function of HBsAg-negative patients is superior to that of HBsAg-positive patients, with attenuation of liver inflammation. HBsAg-negative patients may show a variety of mutations and amino acid replacement sites at high frequency in the HBV S region, and these mutations may lead to undetectable HBsAg, HBsAg antigenic changes or secretion inhibition.
Mechanisms of redox balance and inflammatory response after the use of methylprednisolone in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19
Authors: Krasic Stasa , Vukomanovic Vladislav , Ninic Sanja , Pasic Srdjan , Samardzija Gordana , Mitrovic Nemanja , Cehic Maja , Nesic Dejan , Bajcetic Milica
Published: August 2023

Background

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with being infected with coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening condition resulting from cytokine storm, increased synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROSs), and hyperinflammation occurring in genetically predisposed children following an infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Aim

The primary aims of our study were to identify changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes and total oxidative status in plasma after being treated with methylprednisolone (MP).

Methods

A prospective cohort study of 67 children (56.7% male) under 18 with MIS-C being treated with MP was conducted at the Mother and Child Health Institute from January 2021 to April 2022. The impact of the therapy was assessed on the basis of the clinical condition, haematological and biochemical blood parameters, and echocardiographic findings.

Results

59.7% of patients presented cardiovascular (CV) manifestations, while myocardial dysfunction was observed in half of all patients (50.7%). A severe clinical course was observed in 22/67 patients. Children with CV involvement had a significantly higher relative concentration of B lymphocytes and lower relative concentration of NK cells than patients without CV issues (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Patients with severe MIS-C had a lower relative count of NK cells than those with moderate MIS-C (p = 0.015). Patients with myocardial dysfunction had a higher total oxidative plasma status (TOPS) than children without (p = 0.05), which implicates pronounced oxidative stress in the former cohort. In patients with shock, lower erythrocytes superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed on admission compared to patients without shock (p = 0.04). After MP was administered, TOPS was significantly reduced, while catalase (CAT) and SOD activity increased significantly. Treatment failure (TF) was observed in 6 patients, only females (p=0.005). These patients were younger (p=0.05) and had lower CAT activity on admission (p=0.04) than patients with favorable treatment responses. In the group of patients with TF, TOPS increased after treatment (before 176.2 ± 10.3 mV, after 199.0 ± 36.7 mV).

Conclusion

MP leads to rapid modulation of TOPS and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes resulting in clinical and echocardiographic improvement. Based on the observed changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, we can conclude that s hydrogen peroxide is the dominant ROS in patients with MIS-C. Patients with TF showed reduced CAT activity, whereas the treatment with MP led to pronounced oxidation. This implies that low CAT activity may be a contraindication for using MP.
Novel receptor, mutation, vaccine, and establishment of coping mode for SARS-CoV-2: current status and future
Authors: Zeng Zhaomu , Geng Xiuchao , Wen Xichao , Chen Yueyue , Zhu Yixi , Dong Zishu , Hao Liangchao , Wang Tingting , Yang Jifeng , Zhang Ruobing , Zheng Kebin , Sun Zhiwei , Zhang Yuhao
Published: August 2023

Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resultant pneumonia in December 2019, the cumulative number of infected people worldwide has exceeded 670 million, with over 6.8 million deaths. Despite the marketing of multiple series of vaccines and the implementation of strict prevention and control measures in many countries, the spread and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 have not been completely and effectively controlled. The latest research shows that in addition to angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), dozens of protein molecules, including AXL, can act as host receptors for SARS-CoV-2 infecting human cells, and virus mutation and immune evasion never seem to stop. To sum up, this review summarizes and organizes the latest relevant literature, comprehensively reviews the genome characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 as well as receptor-based pathogenesis (including ACE2 and other new receptors), mutation and immune evasion, vaccine development and other aspects, and proposes a series of prevention and treatment opinions. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 along with a research basis and new ideas for the diagnosis and classification, of COVID-19-related disease and for drug and vaccine research and development.
Local subcutaneous lidocaine injection for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Su Yaping , Li Zhenyu , Wang Qian , Tang Hui
Published: August 2023

A 14-year-old child was diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) after bromhidrosis surgery. She experienced a stinging, knife-like, and intermittent attack pain, accompanied by numbness of both upper limbs and limited movements. Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency surgery on the peripheral nerve did not reduce pain. Then, gabapentin 300 mg three times a day and 2% lidocaine by local subcutaneous injection once a day for 3 days were administrated. After the local subcutaneous injection of lidocaine, the pain was significantly relieved, and the pain induced by skin touch at the scar disappeared. No pain recurred after the 1-month follow-up. An evidence-based literature review showed that local or systemic intravenous lidocaine was used to reduce adult CRPS symptoms but less has been reported in children. In our case, a local subcutaneous injection of 2% lidocaine in a child for CRPS treatment was reported to be effective in relieving complex local pain with favorable outcomes. Though further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the effects and safety of local subcutaneous lidocaine injection on pain relief in children with CRPS, it could still provide a relatively safe and effective adjuvant therapy for minor patients.
Multiplex core of the human brain using structural, functional and metabolic connectivity derived from hybrid PET-MR imaging
Authors: Devrome Martijn , Van Laere Koen , Koole Michel
Published: August 2023

With the increasing success of mapping brain networks and availability of multiple MR- and PET-based connectivity measures, the need for novel methodologies to unravel the structure and function of the brain at multiple spatial and temporal scales is emerging. Therefore, in this work, we used hybrid PET-MR data of healthy volunteers (n = 67) to identify multiplex core nodes in the human brain. First, monoplex networks of structural, functional and metabolic connectivity were constructed, and consequently combined into a multiplex SC-FC-MC network by linking the same nodes categorically across layers. Taking into account the multiplex nature using a tensorial approach, we identified a set of core nodes in this multiplex network based on a combination of eigentensor centrality and overlapping degree. We introduced a coreness coefficient, which mitigates the effect of modeling parameters to obtain robust results. The proposed methodology was applied onto young and elderly healthy volunteers, where differences observed in the monoplex networks persisted in the multiplex as well. The multiplex core showed a decreased contribution to the default mode and salience network, while an increased contribution to the dorsal attention and somatosensory network was observed in the elderly population. Moreover, a clear distinction in eigentensor centrality was found between young and elderly healthy volunteers.
Inter-task transfer of force gains is facilitated by motor imagery
Authors: Piveteau Eric , Di Rienzo Franck , Bolliet Olivier , Guillot Aymeric
Published: August 2023

Introduction

There is compelling evidence that motor imagery (MI) contributes to improve muscle strength. While strong effects have been observed for finger muscles, only few experiments with moderate benefits were conducted within applied settings targeting large upper or lower limb muscles. The aim of the present study was therefore to extend the investigation of embedded MI practice designed to improve maximal voluntary strength on a multi-joint dynamic exercise involving the lower limbs. Additionally, we tested whether targeting the content of MI on another movement than that physically performed and involving the same body parts might promote inter-task transfer of strength gains.

Methods

A total of 75 participants were randomly assigned into three groups who underwent a physical training on back squat. During inter-trial recovery periods, a first MI group (n = 25) mentally rehearsed the back squat, while a second MI group (n = 25) performed MI of a different movement involving the lower limbs (deadlift). Participants from the control group (n = 25) completed a neutral cognitive task during equivalent time. Strength and power gains were assessed ecologically using a velocity transducer device at 4 different time periods.

Results

Data first revealed that participants who engaged in MI of the back squat improved their back squat performance (p < 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively), more than the control group (p < 0.05), hence supporting the positive effects of MI on strength. Data further supported the inter-task transfer of strength gains when MI targeted a movement that was not physically trained (p = 0.05).

Discussion

These findings provide experimental support for the use of MI during physical training sessions to improve and transfer force development.
Transcuticular calcium imaging as a tool for the functional study of insect odorant receptors
Authors: Mariette Julia , Noël Amélie , Louis Thierry , Montagné Nicolas , Chertemps Thomas , Jacquin-Joly Emmanuelle , Marion-Poll Frédéric , Sandoz Jean-Christophe
Published: August 2023

The primary actors in the detection of olfactory information in insects are odorant receptors (ORs), transmembrane proteins expressed at the dendrites of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). In order to decode the insect olfactome, many studies focus on the deorphanization of ORs (i.e., identification of their ligand), using various approaches involving heterologous expression coupled to neurophysiological recordings. The “empty neuron system” of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an appreciable host for insect ORs, because it conserves the cellular environment of an OSN. Neural activity is usually recorded using labor-intensive electrophysiological approaches (single sensillum recordings, SSR). In this study, we establish a simple method for OR deorphanization using transcuticular calcium imaging (TCI) at the level of the fly antenna. As a proof of concept, we used two previously deorphanized ORs from the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, a specialist pheromone receptor and a generalist plant odor receptor. We demonstrate that by co-expressing the GCaMP6s/m calcium probes with the OR of interest, it is possible to measure robust odorant-induced responses under conventional microscopy conditions. The tuning breadth and sensitivity of ORs as revealed using TCI were similar to those measured using single sensillum recordings (SSR). We test and discuss the practical advantages of this method in terms of recording duration and the simultaneous testing of several insects.
Alteration in body water compartments following intermittent fasting in Ramadan
Authors: Najafi Mohammad Taghi , Sadoogh Abbasian Ali , Mohammadi Hamed , Abbasi Mohammad Reza , Khatami Mohammad Reza , Ghafari Ali , Shojamoradi Mohammad Hossein
Published: August 2023

Concerning the health outcomes of intermittent fasting in Ramadan, loss of fat-free mass (FFM) and changes in the content of body water are of paramount importance. In this study, we aimed to assess the concomitant alterations in body water compartment and composition following Ramadan fasting in healthy individuals. We conducted an open-label cohort with longitudinal follow-up, involving 73 healthy medical staff who planned to fast for at least 20 consecutive days during Ramadan. The primary outcomes of the cohort were changes in parameters related to body composition and water content, which were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis by InBody S10 (InBody, Seoul, South Korea). Based on the results, the participants’ weight decreased significantly by approximately 1,030 g after the fasting period (p < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in the fat mass of an average 828 g (p < 0.001), which accounted for more than 80% of the weight loss. The decline in FFM was not significant (190 g; p = 0.234). The amount of total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) did not change, while intracellular water (ICW) decreased significantly by about 160 mL (p = 0.027). A strong correlation was observed between the reduction of phase angle and the increase in ECW/TBW ratio (R = −0.71, p < 0.001). Overall, our findings revealed a minimal amount of weight loss after Ramadan fasting, which was mainly due to the loss of fat mass. The parallel decrease in ICW and phase angle indicated impaired cell membrane integrity, with subsequent movement of water from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment.
Feasibility to use whole-genome sequencing as a sole diagnostic method to detect genomic aberrations in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Rezayee Fatemah , Eisfeldt Jesper , Skaftason Aron , Öfverholm Ingegerd , Sayyab Shumaila , Syvänen Ann Christine , Maqbool Khurram , Lilljebjörn Henrik , Johansson Bertil , Olsson-Arvidsson Linda , Pietras Christina Orsmark , Staffas Anna , Palmqvist Lars , Fioretos Thoas , Cavelier Lucia , Fogelstrand Linda , Nordlund Jessica , Wirta Valtteri , Rosenquist Richard , Barbany Gisela
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The suitability of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) as the sole method to detect clinically relevant genomic aberrations in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was investigated with the aim of replacing current diagnostic methods.

Methods

For this purpose, we assessed the analytical performance of 150 bp paired-end WGS (90x leukemia/30x germline). A set of 88 retrospective B-cell ALL samples were selected to represent established ALL subgroups as well as ALL lacking stratifying markers by standard-of-care (SoC), so-called B-other ALL.

Results

Both the analysis of paired leukemia/germline (L/N)(n=64) as well as leukemia-only (L-only)(n=88) detected all types of aberrations mandatory in the current ALLTogether trial protocol, i.e., aneuploidies, structural variants, and focal copy-number aberrations. Moreover, comparison to SoC revealed 100% concordance and that all patients had been assigned to the correct genetic subgroup using both approaches. Notably, WGS could allocate 35 out of 39 B-other ALL samples to one of the emerging genetic subgroups considered in the most recent classifications of ALL. We further investigated the impact of high (90x; n=58) vs low (30x; n=30) coverage on the diagnostic yield and observed an equally perfect concordance with SoC; low coverage detected all relevant lesions.

Discussion

The filtration of the WGS findings with a short list of genes recurrently rearranged in ALL was instrumental to extract the clinically relevant information efficiently. Nonetheless, the detection of DUX4 rearrangements required an additional customized analysis, due to multiple copies of this gene embedded in the highly repetitive D4Z4 region. We conclude that the diagnostic performance of WGS as the standalone method was remarkable and allowed detection of all clinically relevant genomic events in the diagnostic setting of B-cell ALL.
Measurement of the normal mandible in neonates in east China
Authors: Jiang Shupei , Han Tao , Shen Weimin
Published: August 2023

Objective

We aimed to measure the related indicators of the neonatal mandible in East China. This provides basic data for the study of the mandible position and morphology of normal newborns and can also provide data support for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of the Pierre Robin sequence.

Methods

First, we collected the CT data of normal neonates at the Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University between January 2013 and January 2019. The data included the maxilla and mandible, and neonates had no craniomaxillofacial-related malformation. We exported the data in DICOM format. In the second step, we imported the data into MIMICS 21.0 to reconstruct the data into a 3D model, and then we used the model to measure the different measurement items. Specific measurement items were as follows: ① Measurement of the angle α: We imported the CT data of the neonate into the software and reconstructed a 3D model. We observed the 3D model to find the left and right gonions (LGo and RGo) and the Menton (Me) and used the angle measurement tool of the software to appoint Me as the apex, and we connected the points LGo, Me, and RGo as angle α. ② Measurement of the distance between the left and right gonions: The distance measurement tool of the software was used to measure the distance between the bilateral gonions as a. ③ Measurement of the distance from the Me to the line between LGo and RGo: The LGo and RGo were connected as a line on the 3D model, then the distance between Me and the line was measured as b. ④ Measurement of the distance between the upper and lower jaw: The median sagittal view was found and the distance c between the foremost point of the upper jaw and the foremost point of the lower jaw was measured. We imported the measurement results into the SPSS software for statistical analysis.

Results

Specific measurement results: ① Angle α: 86.34 ± 8.58°. ② Distance a: 63.63 ± 6.83 mm. ③ Distance b: 31.99 ± 3.70 mm. ④ Distance c: 2.28 ± 1.04 mm. Among all the above indicators, there was no statistical difference between gender.

Conclusions

In this study, 132 neonates were initially screened, of which 117 met the inclusion criteria and were finally included. There were 69 male and 48 female neonates. The indicators α, a, b, and c showed no statistical differences between male and female neonates; therefore, we combined the results to obtain the normal reference value: angle α: 86.34 ± 8.58°; distance a: 63.63 ± 6.83 mm; distance b: 31.99 ± 3.70 mm; distance c: 2.28 ± 1.04 mm.
Importance-performance analysis in fitness apps. A study from the viewpoint of gender and age
Authors: Martín Francisco , García-Fernández Jerónimo , Valcarce-Torrente Manel , Bernal-García Ainara , Gálvez-Ruiz Pablo , Angosto-Sánchez Salvador
Published: August 2023

Background

We are currently undergoing a profound process of digital transformation that has favoured the development and use of apps in multiple facets of people’s daily lives. In the fitness industry, this situation has facilitated the control of exercise and the maintenance of healthier lifestyles. However, it is not known how the perceived quality and importance of fitness apps vary for users based on gender and age, which is the objective of this study conducted among users of fitness centres.

Methods

By means of a convenience sample, 321 users from different centres of the boutique fitness chain Sano Centre (238 females and 83 males) took part in the study. They answered the 16 items of the MARS scale, distributed in four dimensions, in terms of importance and perceived quality. The existence of significant differences was analysed using non-parametrical statistics such as the U-Mann-Whitney (gender) and the H-Kruskal-Wallis (age). In addition, a cluster analysis, combining hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods, was analysed considering as a dependent variable the level of recommendation of fitness apps.

Results

Considering gender, in importance-performance analysis (IPA), credibility was the most important attribute for females and quality of information for males. In the case of age, credibility was the most important attribute in all the ranges. The cluster analysis established two groups (high and low recommendations of the fitness app). In importance, the first group scored better on all factors except entertainment and interest. In valuation, the scores were lower than on importance, especially in the low recommendation group.

Conclusion

Regarding usage behaviour, credibility is the factor to which users attach the highest importance and rating, regardless of gender and age. The main demand focuses on improving the gestural design and visual appeal, which will facilitate a better user experience.
Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms
Authors: Lu Zhengyu , Bulut Ece , Nydam Daryl V. , Ivanek Renata
Published: August 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global One Health threat. A portion of AMR development can be attributed to antimicrobial use (AMU) in animals, including dairy cattle. Quantifying AMU on U.S. dairy farms is necessary to inform antimicrobial stewardship strategies and help evaluate the relationship between AMU and AMR. Many AMU indicators have been proposed for quantifying AMU in dairy cattle. However, these indicators are difficult to interpret and compare because they differ in the type of data used, the calculation approach, and the definitions of variables and parameters used in the calculation. Therefore, we selected 16 indicators (count-based, mass-based, and dose-based) applicable for quantifying AMU on U.S. dairy farms. We systematized the indicators by standardizing their variables and parameters to improve their interchangeability, interpretation, and comparability. We scored indicators against six data-driven criteria (assessing their accuracy, data and effort needs, and level of privacy concern) and five stewardship-driven criteria (assessing their ability to capture trends and inform antimicrobial stewardship). The derived standardized indicators will aid farmers and veterinarians in selecting suitable indicators based on data availability and stewardship needs on a farm. The comparison of indicators revealed a trade-off requiring farmers to balance the granularity of data necessary for an accurate indicator and effort to collect the data, and a trade-off relevant to farmers interested in data sharing to inform stewardship because more accurate indicators are typically based on more sensitive information. Indicators with better accuracy tended to score better in stewardship criteria. Overall, two dose-based indicators, estimating the number of treatments and administered doses, scored best in accuracy and stewardship. Conversely, two count-based indicators, estimating the length of AMU, and a mass-based indicator, estimating the mass of administered antimicrobials, performed best in the effort and privacy criteria. These findings are expected to benefit One Health by aiding the uptake of farm-level AMU indicators by U.S. dairy farms.
Formulation of Brevibacillus agri and compost to improve growth and phytochemicals compound of Piper caninum herbal plant
Authors: Suriani Ni Luh , Suprapta Dewa Ngurah , Perveen Kahkashan , Suarsana I. Nyoman , Resiani Ni Made Delly , Hamidah Emmy , Rusdianasari  , Alsulami Jamilah A. , Parray Javid A. , Ho Ting Seng
Published: August 2023

Most herbal plant farming operations still rely on conventional methods, negatively impacting human health and the environment. However, by using rhizobacteria to boost the yield and quality of herbal plants, farmers can make a more environmentally responsible and safe choice for consumers. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the dosage of Brevibacillus agri added to the medicinal plant Piper caninum to boost its growth and phytochemical content. Piper caninum is a popularly used medicinal plant with antifungal and antibacterial properties and the ability to improve the quality of mouse sperm. The investigation was carried out in a greenhouse using a randomized group approach. The results indicated that the most effective formula for promoting growth and enhancing phytochemical composition was F1 (100 g of compost and 3 kg of soil plus 1% Brevibacillus agri), which contained 1% B. agri. Treating the Piper caninum plant with 1%, 2%, or 3% B. agri yielded positive results, likely due to the bacteria's nitrogen-fixing ability and favorable outcomes for the IAA test and protease enzyme. Brevibacillus agri was also found to colonize the roots of Piper caninum and produce the phytochemicals butanoic acid, propanediol, and cyclopropane. In conclusion, using rhizobacteria in sustainable agriculture was highly effective, providing an ecologically responsible and safe alternative to conventional farming methods.
Outbreak investigation of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Adehanom Baraki , Assefa Guash Abay , Shishaye Leul Berhe , Abera Bisrat Mesfin , Gebreanenya Nechey Tsehaye , Gebregiorgis Gebru Legesse , Dürr Salome
Published: August 2023

An investigation of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak was conducted between late October and mid-December 2019 in Tigray region. The outbreak investigation team collected epidemiological data from the six villages of Kafta Humera and Seharti Samre districts, including morbidity proportions, mortality proportions, and clinical signs, and cattle management and vaccination history were collected via participatory methods, including interviews and group discussions with local experts and farmers in Kafta Humera and reports from the district veterinarians in Seharti Samre. Twenty-two tissue samples were collected for laboratory confirmation. Overall, 4,299/9,811 (43.8%) and 13,654/16,921 (80.6%) cattle showed clinical signs for FMD in Kafta Humera and Seharti Samre, respectively. In Kafta Humera, the highest morbidity proportion was found in adult cows and heifers (48.1%), followed by 27.8% in oxen and 15.9% in calves. In Seharti Samre, the morbidity proportion was similar in all age groups at ~81%. No death of FMD-suspected cattle was reported throughout the outbreak. The serotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) identified by laboratory analysis differed between the two districts (serotype O in Kafta Humera and serotype A in Seharti Samre). We, therefore, suggest that the outbreaks in the two districts occurred independently from each other. Experts and farmers were interviewed and believed that the outbreak in Kafta Humera was most likely caused by interaction between cattle and wildlife from the surrounding Kafta Sheraro National Park, which share common grazing land. This outbreak investigation showed that FMD can cause devastating cattle morbidity. A regular vaccination program against the identified circulating FMDV serotypes with sufficient coverage is required to avoid future outbreaks.
Recent Advancements in Augmented Reality for Robotic Applications: A Survey
Authors: Fu Junling , Rota Alberto , Li Shufei , Zhao Jianzhuang , Liu Qingsheng , Iovene Elisa , Ferrigno Giancarlo , De Momi Elena
Published: August 2023

Robots are expanding from industrial applications to daily life, in areas such as medical robotics, rehabilitative robotics, social robotics, and mobile/aerial robotics systems. In recent years, augmented reality (AR) has been integrated into many robotic applications, including medical, industrial, human–robot interactions, and collaboration scenarios. In this work, AR for both medical and industrial robot applications is reviewed and summarized. For medical robot applications, we investigated the integration of AR in (1) preoperative and surgical task planning; (2) image-guided robotic surgery; (3) surgical training and simulation; and (4) telesurgery. AR for industrial scenarios is reviewed in (1) human–robot interactions and collaborations; (2) path planning and task allocation; (3) training and simulation; and (4) teleoperation control/assistance. In addition, the limitations and challenges are discussed. Overall, this article serves as a valuable resource for working in the field of AR and robotic research, offering insights into the recent state of the art and prospects for improvement.
A Self-Adaptive Double Q-Backstepping Trajectory Tracking Control Approach Based on Reinforcement Learning for Mobile Robots
Authors: He Naifeng , Yang Zhong , Fan Xiaoliang , Wu Jiying , Sui Yaoyu , Zhang Qiuyan
Published: August 2023

When a mobile robot inspects tasks with complex requirements indoors, the traditional backstepping method cannot guarantee the accuracy of the trajectory, leading to problems such as the instrument not being inside the image and focus failure when the robot grabs the image with high zoom. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive backstepping method based on double Q-learning for tracking and controlling the trajectory of mobile robots. We design the incremental model-free algorithm of Double-Q learning, which can quickly learn to rectify the trajectory tracking controller gain online. For the controller gain rectification problem in non-uniform state space exploration, we propose an incremental active learning exploration algorithm that incorporates memory playback as well as experience playback mechanisms to achieve online fast learning and controller gain rectification for agents. To verify the feasibility of the algorithm, we perform algorithm verification on different types of trajectories in Gazebo and physical platforms. The results show that the adaptive trajectory tracking control algorithm can be used to rectify the mobile robot trajectory tracking controller’s gain. Compared with the Backstepping-Fractional-Older PID controller and Fuzzy-Backstepping controller, Double Q-backstepping has better robustness, generalization, real-time, and stronger anti-disturbance capability.
Optimizing Soil Moisture Conservation and Temperature Regulation in Rainfed Jujube Orchards of China’s Loess Hilly Areas Using Straw and Branch Mulching
Authors: Tang Min , Liu Rui , Li Hongchen , Gao Xiaodong , Wu Pute , Zhang Chao
Published: August 2023

The implementation of the “Returning Farmland to Forest” project in the loess hilly region of China has led to the establishment of large-scale economic forests, which have become the dominant industry driving local economic development. However, the region faces challenges such as drought, water shortages, and an uneven distribution of precipitation, which have a severe impact on the growth of economic forests, including jujube trees. Water stress significantly reduces yield and efficiency, posing a threat to the sustainable and healthy development of jujube ecological and economic forests. Therefore, this study aimed to address these issues by implementing straw mulching (SM) and jujube branch mulching (BM) measures in the mountainous jujube economic forests. Through long-term monitoring and statistical analysis, the study investigated the effects of different mulching treatments on soil moisture and soil temperature. The research findings reveal that both SM and BM significantly increased soil moisture in the 0–280 cm soil layer during the jujube growing season (p < 0.05). In both normal precipitation (2014) and drought (2015) years, SM increased average soil moisture content by 5.10% and 4.60%, respectively, compared to the uncovered treatment (CK). SM also had a positive impact on the soil moisture content in each layer of the soil profile. However, BM only increased soil moisture content in the 40–100 cm and 220–280 cm soil layers. Additionally, SM and BM reduced the variation of soil moisture, with SM showing a more significant effect in regulating soil moisture and achieving more stable moisture levels. During the jujube growing seasons in 2014 and 2015, SM and BM decreased soil temperature in the 0–10 cm soil layer. The temperature difference compared to CK decreased with increasing soil depth. SM had an overcooling effect, while BM reduced the temperature before the fruit expansion period and maintained warmth afterward. Both SM and BM also reduced the daily range and variation range of soil temperature, with SM having a more pronounced effect. The temperature of the 0–20 cm soil layer exhibited the strongest correlation with air temperature, and SM showed the weakest response. In conclusion, adopting straw mulching and jujube branch mulching in rain-fed jujube orchards in the loess hilly region not only saves materials and reduces costs but also contributes to water retention and temperature regulation. Straw mulching, in particular, plays a more significant role in moisture retention and temperature regulation and is advantageous for soil management in rain-fed jujube orchards. These research findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing water and heat management in orchards with limited water resources.
The Prostate Is Not a Pill and Therefore Has No Capsule
Authors: Kläger Johannes , Wasinger Gabriel , Oszwald André , Compérat Eva
Published: August 2023

Tumor staging of prostate cancer is a fundamental principle in management and therapy, with a hallmark being tumor growth beyond the organ boundary. Often, this is referred to as “capsule penetration”, suggesting the existence of a true prostatic capsule that would facilitate the determination of tumor penetration. In fact, the prostate does not have a true capsule and, depending on the anatomic area, it blends with the surrounding fibrous, adipose and muscular tissue. This makes it sometimes difficult or impossible to unequivocally identify extraprostatic tumor extension. It is necessary to appreciate this difficulty in order to better understand the significance of extraprostatic tumor extension.