bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sanbe volcano: Long‐term evolution of an arc magmatic system
Authors: Auer Andreas , Kamei Atsushi , Endo Daisuke
Published: July 2022

A suite of samples was studied that represents the major explosive eruptions of Sanbe volcano, SW Japan. We demonstrate how rate of magma flux into the Trans‐Crustal Magmatic System (TCMS) presents a major control on the type and style of the subsequently forthcoming eruptions. Erupted products can be separated into two distinct groups. An older group is characterized by highly evolved, high‐K, LILE‐rich rhyolitic magmas, showing a supressed adakitic trace element signature (otherwise characteristic for the young stratovolcanoes in the SW Japan arc) with low Ca, Sr concentrations and a negative Eu anomaly. In contrast, the younger group (dominantly of andesitic—dacitic composition) displays a strong adakitic trace element signature with characteristic steep REE profiles and high Sr concentrations. An Eu anomaly is generally lacking here. The two groups are also distinct in their petrographic features, with the early group being almost aphyric showing simple log linear crystal size distributions and homogeneous, uniform mineral chemistries. In contrast, products of the younger group show complex crystal size distributions with diverse mineral compositions and abundant disequilibrium features. Our study shows that an initial high melt‐production rate allowed dehydration melting of lower crustal rocks leading to the formation of highly evolved K‐rich magmas. These magmas intruded into the shallow crust and produced two large Plinian rhyolitic, caldera forming eruptions. Subsequently the primary magma production rate decreased and the lower crust became too refractory for additional dehydration melting by these lower volume magma batches, causing the conventional adakitic magmatism to produced several additional eruptions of smaller magnitude, mainly of Sub‐Plinian or Pelean styles.
Opinions of male nursing students about violence against women: A qualitative study
Authors: Cerit Esin , Alp Yılmaz Figen
Published: July 2022

Aim

This study aims to explore the opinions of male nursing students on violence against women in Turkey.

Introduction

The prevalence of violence against women in the world is increasing every passing day. Although women try to deal with the changes their lives bring along, they are faced with physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence for various reasons at the same time.

Background

Inclusion of men in studies can have a strong impact on how strategies are developed and implemented. Tackling the issue of violence against women requires active engagement of men and, therefore, knowing the knowledge, attitudes, and understanding of male nursing students is important.

Methods

In this qualitative study, 18 male nursing students participated. The participants were selected through purposive sampling, and data were collected through individual semi structured interviews. The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method designed by Clarke and Braun.

Findings

The findings of the study are presented in seven themes and these are definition of violence, causes of violence, reactions to witnessing violence, impacts of violence on society, solutions to violence, efforts regarding violence in Turkey, and being a male nurse. Among the striking results of the study were that students considered violence with its many dimensions, that they stated that violence could be prevented, that they found that efforts regarding the issue were insufficient in Turkey, and that they stated that important responsibilities for preventing violence against women lay with nurses.

Conclusion/implications for practice

Students considered violence and its various dimensions. They felt that violence could be prevented, that the efforts regarding the issue were insufficient in Turkey, and that important responsibilities for preventing violence against women lay with nurses. The views of male nursing students on violence against women are promising as it encourages the empowerment of future nurse professionals, who are expected to be the pioneers of necessary changes in the field of health in order to defend women.
Intimate partner violence in women with breast and gynaecologic cancers: A systematic review
Authors: Sheikhnezhad Leila , Hassankhani Hadi , Sawin Erika Metzler , Sanaat Zohre , Sahebihagh Mohammad Hasan
Published: July 2022

Aim

The current study aimed to systematically review the data obtained from studies on women with breast and gynaecologic cancers subjected to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV).

Design

Systematic review without meta‐analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science; databases were searched without time limit.

Review method

The PRISMA model was guided the systematic literature search using Boolean keywords and operators. PICO statement was used to develop a question of this review. Studies examining women with breast and gynaecologic cancers subjected to IPV were included in the study after the quality of the articles was reviewed.

Results

Eight studies that met the inclusion criteria and were conducted between 2000 and 2021 were included in the study.

Conclusions

Studies confirm the effect of IPV on the severity and consequences of breast and gynaecologic cancers. Having a history of IPV can indirectly lead to breast and gynaecologic cancers. On the other hand, women suffering from IPV are more likely than other women to delay screening or not perform screening for cancer.

Impact

The dimensions and nature of violence and the disclosure or non‐disclosure of violence in vulnerable women are strongly affected by society's culture. Therefore, researchers need to have sufficient knowledge of the culture and social factors governing the community to achieve reliable findings related to IPV in qualitative, quantitative, and psychometric studies and the design of IPV assessment tools. It is recommended that IPV screening teams, that is, multidisciplinary teams of trained physicians, nurses and social workers, participate in two‐way screening programmes: IPV screening for women with gynaecological cancer and screening for gynaecological cancer in women with IPV.
IL‐23 plays a significant role in the augmentation of particulate matter‐mediated allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Lee Hyun Seung , Park Heung‐Woo
Published: July 2022

It has been recently that particulate matter (PM) exposure increases the risk and exacerbation of allergic asthma. However, the underlying mechanisms and factors associated with increased allergic responses remain elusive. We evaluated IL‐23 and IL‐23R (receptor) expression, as well as changes in the asthmatic phenotype in mice administered PM and a low dose of house dust mite (HDM). Next, changes in the phenotype and immune responses were evaluated after intranasal administration of anti‐IL‐23 antibody during co‐exposure to PM and low‐dose HDM. We also performed in vitro experiments to investigate the effect of IL‐23. IL‐23 expression was significantly increased in Epcam+CD45− and CD11c+ cells, while that of IL‐23R was increased in Epcam+CD45− cells only in mice administered PM and low‐dose HDM. Administration of anti‐IL‐23 antibody led to decreased airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophils, and activation of dendritic cells, reduced populations of Th2 Th17, ILC2, the level of IL‐33 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Inhibition of IL‐23 in PM and low‐dose HDM stimulated airway epithelial cell line resulted in decreased IL‐33, GM‐CSF and affected ILC2 and the activation of BMDCs. PM augmented the phenotypes and immunologic responses of asthma even at low doses of HDM. Interestingly, IL‐23 affected immunological changes in airway epithelial cells.
COVID‐19, the Great Recession and Economic Recovery: A Tale of Two Crises
Authors: Ingham Hilary
Published: July 2022

COVID‐19 caused a major economic downturn, the like of which had not been seen since the Great Recession although the underlying causes of the two crises were very different; systemic risk versus a virus. Here we look at how flexible work practices, allied with adequate supports and lifelong learning opportunities, aided economic recovery following the earlier crisis in order to see if there are any lessons to be learnt for post‐pandemic recovery. Overall, the results indicated that flexicurity provided a modest growth dividend during the Great Recession, typically no more than one percentage point. Of the individual components, the short‐run results indicated that security along with life‐long learning and part‐time work proved the most beneficial, although flexible work practices also boosted growth, albeit to a lesser extent. For flexible labour markets, the long‐run results indicated that the growth gains were highest in trusting economies with, or without, social partner engagement.
A Deterministic Gated Lognormal Response Time Model to Identify Examinees with Item Preknowledge
Authors: Kasli Murat , Zopluoglu Cengiz , Toton Sarah L.
Published: July 2022

Response times (RTs) have recently attracted a significant amount of attention in the literature as they may provide meaningful information about item preknowledge. In this study, a new model, the Deterministic Gated Lognormal Response Time (DG‐LNRT) model, is proposed to identify examinees with item preknowledge using RTs. The proposed model was applied to two different data sets and performance was assessed with false‐positive rates, true‐positive rates, and precision. The results were compared with another recently proposed Z‐statistic. Follow‐up simulation studies were also conducted to examine model performance in settings similar to the real data sets. The results indicate that the proposed model is viable and can help detect item preknowledge under certain conditions. However, its performance is highly dependent on the correct specification of the compromised items.
Nursing care for patients carrying multi‐drug resistant organisms: Experiences, intention to use protective equipment and ability to comply with measures
Authors: Langeveld Tessa J. C. , Eilers Renske , Haverkate Manon R. , Ferreira José A. , de Veer Anke J. E. , Timen Aura
Published: July 2022

Aims

The aims of the study were to explore the impact of caring for patients carrying multi‐drug resistant organisms on nursing staff and identify factors predicting their intention to use personal protective equipment and their ability to comply with advised infection prevention and control measures.

Background

Carriage of multi‐drug resistant organisms and corresponding infection prevention and control measures have a major impact on patients. Limited research has been done to investigate the impact of caring for these patients on nursing staff.

Design

A cross‐sectional design.

Methods

Online survey among Dutch nursing staff in various healthcare settings. Prediction analyses were conducted using random forest. The STROBE checklist was used preparing the manuscript.

Results

974 respondents were included. The majority of nursing staff reported to have experience in caring for patients carrying multi‐drug resistant organisms. Relevant dilemmas in daily practice were identified. Important predictors of the intention to use protective equipment were practicing hand hygiene, usable protocols, favourable attitudes and perceptions, as well as knowledge. Important predictors of the ability to comply with advised measures were usable and findable protocols, a suitable work environment and practicing hand hygiene.

Conclusion

We have gained comprehensive insight into experiences, attitudes, perceptions, knowledge and dilemmas in daily practice of nursing staff caring for patients carrying multi‐drug resistant organisms. To enhance their intention to use protective equipment and their ability to comply with advised measures, activities should focus on improving hand hygiene and the usability of protocols. Additionally, efforts are needed to improve knowledge, provide better resources and a more supportive work environment. All of which need to be specifically tailored to each healthcare setting.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results can be used in the development of interventions to improve nursing care while reducing the unfavourable impact on nursing staff and supporting adherence to advised measures.
Analysis on pregnancy outcomes and risk factors of cervical polypectomy during the first and second trimester pregnancy
Authors: Huang Yu‐luan , Chen Rui‐zhe , Le Fang
Published: July 2022

Aim

To evaluate the risk factors of miscarriage in patients attempted cervical polypectomy during the first and second trimester pregnancy.

Methods

Pregnant women with singleton infants who underwent cervical polypectomy during the first and second trimester between January 2013 and May 2019 were investigated. The study retrospectively reviewed the clinical features and pregnancy outcomes after cervical polypectomy. A multivariable regression was performed to predict the risk factors of miscarriage.

Results

A total of 307 pregnant females were eventually included in our study. Twenty‐seven patients (8.8%, 27/307) had a miscarriage before 28 weeks, 37 patients (12.1%, 37/307) had a preterm delivery. After univariate analysis, we found that the presence of decidual polyps and vaginal bleeding after polypectomy were the risk factors for miscarriage. Moreover, the incidence of miscarriage was significantly higher in the patients with decidual polyps than in those with endocervical polyps (14.9% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.010).

Conclusions

The most suitable hemostasis method should be taken in the cervical polypectomy during pregnancy. The risk of miscarriage associated with polypectomy during pregnancy is higher in females with decidual polyps. If decidual polyps are highly suspected and they do not cause excessive vaginal bleeding and can be ruled out the possibility of malignancy, conservative treatment may lead to a better outcome.
Immediate curative effects of exercise therapy in patients with myalgia of the masticatory muscles
Authors: Sakaguchi Kohei , Taguchi Nozomu , Kobayashi Rina , Taguchi Kei , Okada Kei , Kinoshita Fumie , Hibi Hideharu
Published: July 2022

Background

Exercise therapy is occasionally considered as an initial treatment for temporomandibular disorders. However, pain can be exacerbated during exercise therapy.

Objective

To investigate the immediate curative effects of exercise therapy in patients with masticatory muscle myalgia.

Methods

Fifty‐nine patients with masticatory muscle myalgia were included. Therapists performed exercise therapy (stretched the painful masseter and/or cervical muscles along the direction of muscle contraction) in 10 rounds of traction, each lasting 10 s. The patient's pain‐free maximum mouth opening distance and degree of pain (VAS value) before and immediately after exercise therapy were compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for the subgroup comparisons.

Results

Mouth opening increased from 41 (IQR 38–43) to 46 (IQR 43–48) mm and pain alleviation from 48 (IQR 31–56) to 21 (IQR 10–56) immediately following exercise therapy (p < .001 for both). None of the patients experienced pain exacerbation or reduction in mouth opening post‐exercise. No difference in mouth opening distance changes according to sex, painful side, painful site and therapist were observed (p > .05 for all). Pain reduction was greater in patients with unilateral pain (26, IQR 12–39) than those with bilateral (13, IQR 5–25) (p = .019). There were no differences in the change in the degree of pain according to sex, painful site and therapist (p > .05 for all).

Conclusion

Exercise therapy immediately enlarged the mouth opening distance and reduced myalgia; therefore, it could be helpful in managing masticatory muscle myalgia.
Urinary extracellular vesicles as a source of protein‐based biomarkers in feline chronic kidney disease and hypertension
Authors: Lawson J. S. , Syme H. M. , Antrobus P. R. , Karttunen J. M. , Stewart S. E. , Karet Frankl F. E. , Williams T. L.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To validate a methodology for isolating feline urinary extracellular vesicles and characterise the urinary extracellular vesicle population and proteome in cats with normal renal function and cats with normotensive or hypertensive chronic kidney disease.

Methods

Feline urinary extracellular vesicles were isolated using three different methods (precipitation alone, precipitation followed by size exclusion chromatography and ultrafiltration followed by size exclusion chromatography, which were compared via transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Cats with normal renal function (n=9), normotensive chronic kidney disease (n=10) and hypertensive chronic kidney disease (n=9) were identified and urinary extracellular vesicles isolated from patient urine samples via ultrafiltration followed by size exclusion chromatography. Extracellular vesicle size and concentration were determined using nanoparticle tracking analysis, and subsequently underwent proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to identify differences in protein expression between categories.

Results

Urinary extracellular vesicle preparations contained particles of the expected size and morphology, and those obtained by ultrafiltration + size exclusion chromatography had a significantly higher purity (highest particle: protein ratio). The urinary extracellular vesicle proteomes contained extracellular vesicle markers and proteins originating from all nephron segments. Urinary extracellular vesicle concentration and size were unaffected by renal disease or hypertension. There were no differentially expressed proteins detected when comparing urinary extracellular vesicles derived from cats in the healthy category with the combined chronic kidney disease category, but five differentially expressed proteins were identified between the normotensive chronic kidney disease and hypertensive chronic kidney disease categories.

Clinical Significance

Feline urinary extracellular vesicles can be successfully isolated from stored urine samples. Differentially expressed urinary extracellular vesicle proteins were discovered in cats with hypertensive chronic kidney disease, and warrant further investigation into their utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Language generality in phonological encoding: Moving beyond Indo‐European languages
Authors: Alderete John , O'Séaghdha Padraig G.
Published: July 2022

Theories of phonological encoding are centred on the selection and activation of phonological segments, and how these segments are organised in word and syllable structures in online processes of speech planning. The focus on segments, however, is due to an over‐weighting of evidence from Indo‐European languages, because languages outside this family exhibit strikingly different behaviour and require the processing of additional phonological structures. We review evidence from speech error patterns, priming and form encoding studies, and re‐syllabification in several non‐Indo‐European languages, including Mandarin, Cantonese, Japanese, Arabic, Hindi, Korean, Thai, and Vietnamese. We argue that these languages deepen our understanding of the nature of phonological encoding because they require recognising language‐particular differences in: the first selectable (proximate) units of phonological encoding, the phonological units processed as word beginnings, the dynamics of syllable emergence during encoding, and the varied manifestations of re‐syllabification. A satisfactory and general account of phonological encoding must incorporate these rich phenomena.
When I say resistance
Authors: Ellaway Rachel H. , Wyatt Tasha R.
Published: July 2022

In an important addition to discourses on how to respond to unethical, unjust, and tyrannical situations in health professional training and practice, the authors define professional resistance in medical education.
Commitments and the sense of joint agency
Authors: Fernández‐Castro Víctor , Pacherie Elisabeth
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this article is to explore the role commitments may play in shaping our sense of joint agency. First, we propose that commitments may contribute to the generation of the sense of joint agency by stabilizing expectations and improving predictability. Second, we argue that commitments have a normative element that may bolster an agent's sense of control over the joint action and help counterbalance the potentially disruptive effects of asymmetries among agents. Finally, we discuss how commitments may contribute to make acting jointly emotionally rewarding, both by improving coordination and by inducing or reinforcing the circumstances under which shared emotions emerge among co‐agents.
The effect of simulation‐based flipped classroom on acquisition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills: A simulation‐based randomized trial
Authors: Hassan Eman Arafa , Elsaman Suad Elsayed Abdelmotalb
Published: July 2022

Background

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an essential skill required by critical care nurses. Evidence has shown that the use of a novel method called simulation‐based flipped classroom (SBFC) can save training time in nursing laboratories and, to some extent, enhance social distancing during the current COVID‐19 pandemic.

Aim

To evaluate the effects of SBFC on nursing students' acquisition of CPR skills.

Study Design

A two‐parallel prospective, single‐centre, simulation‐based, randomized, controlled trial.

Methods

The total sample size was 326 students. A CPR video was recorded and uploaded on Microsoft Teams channel for the SBFC group only. Thereafter, both groups demonstrated and redemonstrated the CPR procedure. Both groups were then compared according to the simulation experience satisfaction scale and CPR skills acquisition checklist.

Results

Two equally randomly selected groups of 163 undergraduate nursing students completed the study. The SBFC group had a significantly better satisfaction with the simulation experience than the traditional simulation (TS) group (p = 0.03). As regards the mean score of the CPR checklist after simulation, the SBFC group had a significantly higher score than TS group (p = 0.01).

Conclusions

SBFC using a pre‐recorded video can be an effective method that can reduce the time needed for CPR clinical simulation and can be used for the CPR simulation among critical care nurses.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study provides critical care nursing educators with a deep understanding regarding the benefits and value of utilizing the SBFC method in the clinical training of CPR skills. SBFC can be used to increase critical care nurses' satisfaction and skill acquisition during CPR training.
The ecological implications of intra‐ and inter‐species variation in phenological sensitivity
Authors: Xie Yingying , Thammavong Hanna T. , Park Daniel S.
Published: July 2022

Plant–pollinator mutualisms rely upon the synchrony of interacting taxa. Climate change can disrupt this synchrony as phenological responses to climate vary within and across species. However, intra‐ and interspecific variation in phenological responses is seldom considered simultaneously, limiting our understanding of climate change impacts on interactions among taxa across their ranges.

We investigated how variation in phenological sensitivity to climate can alter ecological interactions simultaneously within and among species using natural history collections and citizen science data. We focus on a unique system, comprising a wide‐ranged spring ephemeral with varying color morphs (Claytonia virginica) and its specialist bee pollinator (Andrena erigeniae).

We found strongly opposing trends in the phenological sensitivities of plants vs their pollinators. Flowering phenology was more sensitive to temperature in warmer regions, whereas bee phenology was more responsive in colder regions. Phenological sensitivity varied across flower color morphs. Temporal synchrony between flowering and pollinator activity was predicted to change heterogeneously across the species' ranges in the future.

Our work demonstrates the complexity and fragility of ecological interactions in time and the necessity of incorporating variation in phenological responses across multiple axes to understand how such interactions will change in the future.
Contrasting anatomical and biochemical controls on mesophyll conductance across plant functional types
Authors: Knauer Jürgen , Cuntz Matthias , Evans John R. , Niinemets Ülo , Tosens Tiina , Veromann‐Jürgenson Linda‐Liisa , Werner Christiane , Zaehle Sönke
Published: July 2022

Mesophyll conductance (gm) limits photosynthesis by restricting CO2 diffusion between the substomatal cavities and chloroplasts. Although it is known that gm is determined by both leaf anatomical and biochemical traits, their relative contribution across plant functional types (PFTs) is still unclear.

We compiled a dataset of gm measurements and concomitant leaf traits in unstressed plants comprising 563 studies and 617 species from all major PFTs. We investigated to what extent gm limits photosynthesis across PFTs, how gm relates to structural, anatomical, biochemical, and physiological leaf properties, and whether these relationships differ among PFTs.

We found that gm imposes a significant limitation to photosynthesis in all C3 PFTs, ranging from 10–30% in most herbaceous annuals to 25–50% in woody evergreens. Anatomical leaf traits explained a significant proportion of the variation in gm (R2 > 0.3) in all PFTs except annual herbs, in which gm is more strongly related to biochemical factors associated with leaf nitrogen and potassium content.

Our results underline the need to elucidate mechanisms underlying the global variability of gm. We emphasise the underestimated potential of gm for improving photosynthesis in crops and identify modifications in leaf biochemistry as the most promising pathway for increasing gm in these species.
Investigative Ordinary Language Philosophy
Authors: Hardman Doug , Hutchinson Phil
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we explicate the method of Investigative Ordinary Language Philosophy (IOLP). The term was coined by John Cook to describe the unique philosophical approach of Frank Ebersole. We argue that (i) IOLP is an overlooked yet valuable philosophical method grounded in our everyday experiences and concerns; and (ii) as such, Frank Ebersole is an important but neglected figure in the history of ordinary language philosophy.
Antioxidant activity of kafirin hydrolysates on UVB irradiated human keratinocyte cells and in silico identification
Authors: Castro‐Jácome Tania P. , Montalvo‐González Efigenia , Chacón‐López M. Alejandra , Kalixto‐Sánchez Marco A. , Rivera María del Pilar , López‐García Ulises M. , Alcántara‐Quintana Luz E. , Tovar‐Pérez Erik G.
Published: July 2022

Background

Ultraviolet B (UVB) causes photoaging of the skin, the appearance of wrinkles, spots, and alteration of the skin barrier. The main cells in the most superficial layer of the skin are the keratinocytes; these cells play an important role in protecting this organ.

Objective

The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates from kafirin to inhibit UVB‐induced responses in human keratinocytes cells (HaCaT).

Methods

Kafirin hydrolysates were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis with alcalase. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the HaCaT cell line in the presence of UVB and the effects of the hydrolysates against the UVB‐induced response were evaluated. Furthermore, the peptides that were generated by hydrolysis were identified in silico using the BIOPEP database.

Results

Two protein sequences were identified (α‐kafirin and the precursor protein of α‐kafirin), in the kafirin extract. A degree of hydrolysis of 18.8% was obtained by hydrolyzing the kafirin extract with alcalase. The kafirin hydrolysates avoided the decrease in endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GPx reducing the oxidative stress generated by UVB. Using the BIOPEP‐UWM database, we found 102 peptide sequences, and it has shown that the peptides have a large amount of hydrophobic amino acids such as proline, alanine, and glutamine, and amino acids with high antioxidant capacity.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the kafirin hydrolysates can be used as antioxidant agents to ameliorate UVB‐induced skin keratinocytes cells' response in vitro, providing an alternative against UVB‐induced photoaging.
Improving the resilience of power grids against typhoons with data‐driven spatial distributionally robust optimization
Authors: Yin Zhaoyuan , Fang Chao , Yang Haoxiang , Fang Yiping , Xie Min
Published: July 2022

In recent years, the increased frequency of natural hazards has led to more disruptions in power grids, potentially causing severe infrastructural damages and cascading failures. Therefore, it is important that the power system resilience be improved by implementing new technology and utilizing optimization methods. This paper proposes a data‐driven spatial distributionally robust optimization (DS‐DRO) model to provide an optimal plan to install and dispatch distributed energy resources (DERs) against the uncertain impact of natural hazards such as typhoons. We adopt an accurate spatial model to evaluate the failure probability with regard to system components based on wind speed. We construct a moment‐based ambiguity set of the failure distribution based on historical typhoon data. A two‐stage DS‐DRO model is then formulated to obtain an optimal resilience enhancement strategy. We employ the combination of dual reformulation and a column‐and‐constraints generation algorithm, and showcase the effectiveness of the proposed approach with a modified IEEE 13‐node reliability test system projected in the Hong Kong region.
Fixed prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with Papillon‐Lefevre syndrome supported by a Quad Zygoma Approach: A clinical report
Authors: Alzoubi Fawaz , Wong Allen
Published: July 2022

Papillon‐Lefevere syndrome (PLS) is a rare disorder with severe oral manifestations resulting in premature tooth loss at an early stage of life. As a result, extensive bone resorption pattern in the maxilla negates conventional implant treatment in the majority of cases. This clinical report describes a prosthetic rehabilitation revision of a 26‐year‐old female diagnosed with PLS using an implant supported fixed complete denture with a quad zygoma approach. A 1 year follow‐up is also presented.
Diversity of NKG2C genotypes in a European population: Conserved and recombinant haplotypes in the coding, promoter, and 3′‐untranslated regions
Authors: Asenjo Judit , Moraru Manuela , Al‐Akioui‐Sanz Karima , Altadill Mireia , Muntasell Aura , López‐Botet Miguel , Vilches Carlos
Published: July 2022

NK cells monitor altered molecular patterns in tumors and infected cells through an ample array of receptors. Two families of evolutionarily distant receptors have converged to enable human NK cells to sense levels of HLA class I ligands, frequently abnormal in altered cells. Whilst different forms of polymorphism are a hallmark of killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors and their classic HLA‐A, B, and C ligands, genetic diversity of killer‐cell lectin‐like receptors for the non‐classical HLA‐E (CD94/NKG2 heterodimers) is less conspicuous and has attracted less attention. A common pattern of diversification in both receptor families is evolution of pairs of inhibitory and activating homologs for a common ligand, the genes encoding activating receptors being more frequently affected by copy number variation (CNV). This is exemplified by the gene encoding the activating NKG2C subunit (KLRC2 or NKG2C), which marks an NK‐cell subpopulation that differentiates or expands in response to cytomegalovirus. We have studied NKG2C diversity in 240 South European individuals, using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods to assess both gene CNV and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting its promoter, coding and 3′‐untranslated (3′UT) regions. Sequence analysis revealed eight common SNPs—one in the promoter, two in the coding sequence, and five in the 3′UT region. These SNPs associate strongly with each other, forming three conserved extended haplotypes (frequencies: 0.456, 0.221, and 0.117). Homo‐ and heterozygous combination of these, together with complete gene deletion (0.175) and additional haplotypes with frequencies lower than 0.015, generate a diversity of NKG2C genotypes of potential immunological importance.
Occurrence and potential transmission of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing extraintestinal pathogenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in domestic dog faeces from Minnesota
Authors: Johnson Timothy J. , Armstrong Joseph R. , Johnston Brian , Merino‐Velasco Irene , Jamborova Ivana , Singer Randall S. , Johnson James R. , Bender Jeff B.
Published: July 2022

Interactions between humans and pets are increasingly valued in western countries, leading to more extensive contact between humans and their pets within households. Although the magnitude of the risk of transfer of Escherichia coli between humans and their companion animals is undefined, that such transmission occurs has been established and warrants attention. This study examined 186 fresh faecal samples from companion dogs visiting 22 municipal dog parks in the Minneapolis/Saint Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota, USA. Samples were processed to isolate 3rd‐generation cephalosporin‐resistant E. coli, which were further characterized using PCR‐based virulence genotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and whole‐genome sequencing. Of the 186 faecal samples, 29% yielded cephalosporin‐resistant E. coli, and 2.2% yielded extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase producers. Co‐resistance to sulfonamides was typical (77.3% of isolates), and multidrug resistance (i.e. to ≥3 antimicrobial classes), including to combinations of tetracyclines, phenicols, quinolones and aminoglycosides, was substantial (18.9% of isolates). Identified beta‐lactamase genes included blaCMY‐2, blaTEM‐1B, blaTEM‐1, blaCTX‐M‐24, blaCTX‐M‐15 and blaOXA‐1. Genome sequencing of 14 isolates identified genes typical of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli or enteropathogenic E. coli. In three instances, closely related isolates were recovered from different dogs, within either the same park—suggesting transfer of E. coli between dogs within the park—or different parks—suggesting that dogs may be pre‐disposed to carry certain E. coli types, such as those from serogroups O4, O71 and O157. This study adds to the existing evidence that companion dogs can harbour and share antimicrobial‐resistant E. coli with presumed intestinal or extraintestinal pathogenic potential.
A New Path for the Prevention of Illegal Acts Committed by Mentally Ill Persons in China: Improving the Legal Supervision Function of the Chinese Procuratorial Organs
Authors: Jiang Pengfei
Published: July 2022

This research aims to study the prevention of illegal behaviors of mentally ill persons. This paper analyzes Chinese laws and regulations involving the prevention of unlawful behaviors of mentally ill persons, and examines a typical criminal case, using normative analysis and case study methodology. The research shows the illegal acts committed by mentally ill persons are socially dangerous, and China has constructed a three-tier prevention mechanism to prevent them. The existing prevention mechanism has major problems, which are highlighted by the failure of the responsible authorities to perform their duties in accordance with the law, and the lack of a supervisory body to urge them to fulfill their legal obligations. The prevention mechanisms are fragmented seriously, which leads to the occurrence of cases of mentally ill persons committing illegal acts. The findings and conclusion of this paper are that the people's procuratorate should play an important role in the prevention of acts committed by mentally ill persons, they should make supervision suggestions, file public interest litigation, and support litigation to urge the responsible subjects to perform their duties so that the quality of prevention of the illegal acts committed by the mentally ill persons can be improved.
Slosh Damping in Rectangular Liquid Tank With Additional Blockage Effects Under Pitch Excitation
Authors: Nimisha P. , Jayalekshmi B. R. , Venkataramana Katta
Published: July 2022

The quantification and damping of slosh responses are significant due to the increasing demand for safety of the liquid-based applications under severe external excitation. Recently, the solid or perforated baffle plates have been used to damp the slosh response of the liquid. However, there is uncertainty in the selection of an effective configuration of the baffle plates. In addition, most of the studies reported the slosh response under surge excitation. Therefore, this study focuses on the slosh response of the rectangular tank fitted with perforated baffle plates of different configurations under pitch excitation. For this, the liquid sloshing is simulated using the concepts of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using pressure-based solver in the time domain. A detailed parametric study is carried out to develop an effective configuration of the perforated baffle plates considering the area of perforations, interperforation distance, size of perforations, distance between the perforated baffle plates, alignment of perforations, and the vertical position of perforated baffle plate as the parameters. The slosh responses are observed in terms of free surface elevation, hydrodynamic pressure, turbulence kinetic energy, velocity streamlines, power spectral density corresponding to the free surface elevation and the free surface deformation. The study developed a “zig-zag blocking alignment” of perforations for effective slosh damping, with the solid area between the perforations being 50%–60% of the area of perforations. In addition, “single-acting range” and “damping range” are identified to pilot the positioning of the multiple baffle plates in a rectangular tank under pitch excitation.
Lateral vocalization in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Howson Phil J. , Moisik Scott , Żygis Marzena
Published: July 2022

Lateral vocalization is a cross-linguistically common phenomenon where a lateral is realized as a glide, such as [w, j], or a vowel [u, i]. In this paper, we focus on the articulatory triggers that could cause lateral vocalization. We examined Brazilian Portuguese, a language known for the process of lateral vocalization in coda position. We examined the lateral in onset and coda position in four vocalic environments and compared the dynamic tongue contours and contours at the point of maximum constriction in each environment. We also performed biomechanical simulations of lateral articulation and the vocalized lateral. The results indicate increased tongue body retraction in coda position, which is accompanied by tongue body raising. Simulations further revealed that vocalized laterals mainly recruit intrinsic lingual muscles along with the styloglossus. Taken together, the data suggest that vocalization is a result of positional phonetic effects including lenition and additional retraction in the coda position.
Reward ameliorates depressive-like behaviors via inhibition of the substantia innominata to the lateral habenula projection
Authors: Cui Yuting , Huang Xiaodan , Huang Pengcheng , Huang Lu , Feng Zhao , Xiang Xinkuan , Chen Xinfeng , Li Anan , Ren Chaoran , Li Haohong
Published: July 2022

The lateral habenula (LHb) is implicated in emotional processing, especially depression. Recent studies indicate that the basal forebrain (BF) transmits reward or aversive signals to the LHb. However, the contribution of the BF-LHb circuit to the pathophysiology of depression still needs to be determined. Here, we find that the excitatory projection to the LHb from the substantia innominata (SI), a BF subregion, is activated by aversive stimuli and inhibited by reward stimuli. Furthermore, chronic activation of the SI-LHb circuit is sufficient to induce depressive-like behaviors, whereas inhibition of the circuit alleviates chronic stress–induced depressive-like phenotype. We also find that reward consumption buffers depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic activation of the SI-LHb circuit. In summary, we systematically define the function and mechanism of the SI-LHb circuit in modulating depressive-like behaviors, thus providing important insights to better decipher LHb processing in the pathophysiology of depression.
Immunoglobulin A antibody composition is sculpted to bind the self gut microbiome
Authors: Yang Chao , Chen-Liaw Alice , Spindler Matthew P. , Tortorella Domenico , Moran Thomas M. , Cerutti Andrea , Faith Jeremiah J.
Published: July 2022

Despite being the most abundantly secreted immunoglobulin isotype, the pattern of reactivity of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies toward each individual’s own gut commensal bacteria still remains elusive. By colonizing germ-free mice with defined commensal bacteria, we found that the binding specificity of bulk fecal and serum IgA toward resident gut bacteria resolves well at the species level and has modest strain-level specificity. IgA hybridomas generated from lamina propria B cells of gnotobiotic mice showed that most IgA clones recognized a single bacterial species, whereas a small portion displayed cross-reactivity. Orally administered hybridoma-produced IgAs still retained bacterial antigen binding capability, implying the potential for a new class of therapeutic antibodies. Species-specific IgAs had a range of strain specificities. Given the distinctive bacterial species and strain composition found in each individual’s gut, our findings suggest the IgA antibody repertoire is shaped uniquely to bind “self” gut bacteria.
Supplemental Material: A combination of plume and subduction tectonics contributing to breakup of northern Rodinia: Constraints from the Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Dunhuang-Alxa Block, northwest China
Authors: Zheng  , al. et
Published: July 2022

Table S1: Compiled zircon U-Pb age data of Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Dunhuang-Alxa block. Table S2: Zircon U–Pb analytical data of Langshan gabbros in the Dunhuang-Alxa block. Table S3: Zircon Hf isotopic compositions of Langshan gabbros in the Dunhuang-Alxa block. Table S4: Major and trace elements compositions of Langshan gabbros in the Dunhuang-Alxa block. Table S5: Whole rock Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of Langshan gabbros in the Dunhuang-Alxa block. Supplemental Text: Analysis methods, description of temporal-spatial distribution and geochemical features of Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Dunhuang–Alxa Block. Figure S1: (a) (K2O + Na2O) versus SiO2 diagram (after Wilson, 1989); (b) (Na2O + K2O–CaO) versus SiO2 diagram (after Frost et al., 2001); (c) A/NK versus A/CNK diagram (after Maniar and Piccoli, 1989) for Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks in the Dunhuang-Alxa block, A/CNK = mol Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O+CaO), A/NK = mol Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O). Figure S2: Chondrite normalized rare earth element patterns (left) and N-MORB normalized trace element spider diagrams (right) for Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks in the Dunhuang-Alxa Block.
Supplemental Material: New insights into the source of gold in the Youjiang basin, SW China
Authors: Chen Jun , et al.
Published: July 2022

Text: Analytical Methods. Figure S1: Petrographic characteristics of volcanic facies including tuff layers, volcanic agglomerates and ignimbrites in the Middle-Permian carbonate platform, Qinglong area, Youjiang basin. Tables S1–S5.
How does a social norms-based intervention affect behaviour change? Interim findings from a cluster randomised controlled trial in Odisha, India
Authors: Sedlander Erica , Pant Ichhya , Bingenheimer Jeffrey , Yilma Hagere , Patro Lipika , Mohanty Satyanarayan , Ganjoo Rohini , Rimal Rajiv
Published: July 2022

Background

Behaviour change interventions targeting social norms are burgeoning, but researchers have little guidance on what they look like, and which components affect behaviour change. The Reduction in Anaemia through Normative Innovations (RANI) project designed an intervention to increase iron folic acid (IFA) consumption in Odisha, India.

Objective

This paper examines the effect of the intervention at midline to understand which components of the RANI intervention affect uptake.

Methods

Using a cluster randomised controlled design, we collected baseline data and midline data 6 months later from women of reproductive age in the control and treatment arms (n=3800) in Angul, Odisha, India. Using nested models, we analysed data from three different intervention components, monthly community-based testing for anaemia, participatory group education sessions, and videos, to determine the extent to which exposure to each of these components accounted for the overall intervention effect on haemoglobin and self-reported IFA use.

Results

Overall, residing in a treatment as opposed to control village had little effect on midline haemoglobin, but increased the odds of taking supplements by 17 times. Exposure to each of the intervention components had a dose–response relationship with self-reported IFA use. These components, separately and together, accounted for most of the overall effect of treatment assignment on IFA use.

Conclusions

All intervention components increased iron supplement use to differing degrees of magnitude. It appears that a social norms-based approach can result in improving IFA uptake, though improvements in haemoglobin counts were not yet discernible.
Impact of cancer types on COVID-19 infection and mortality risk: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zou Jianhua , Xiao Zhanshuo , Yang Jingyan , Li Liusheng , Hao Tengteng , Cui Ning , Wu Jiao , Wu Yu
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a huge social and economic burden, and the lifestyles of individuals have significantly changed. In addition, the diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with cancer were greatly affected. Studies have shown that patients with cancer are at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection-related complications, which require aggressive preventive measures. Different types of cancer may have different risks of COVID-19 infection and death, and different preventive care measures are needed for different types of patients with cancer. Here, we designed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of cancer types on COVID-19 infection and mortality risk.

Methods and analysis

A systematic search plan will be performed to filter the eligible studies in the seven databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane search strategy, EMBASE search strategy, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journals Database, and Wanfang database from 2019 to 10 August 2021. Two independent reviewers will choose the eligible studies and extract the data. The risk of bias will be evaluated based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Finally, a systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed using Review Manager (V.5.3) statistical software.

Ethics and dissemination

Formal ethical approval is not required, and the findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021271108.