bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VSG damping adaptive adjustment based on BP neural network
Authors: Zhang Mengzhao , Guo Chunlin
Published: December 2021

The moment of inertia and damping of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) can be adjusted flexibly, which also has a significant impact on the transient performance of VSG. Constant damping or moment of inertia can not reduce frequency overshoot and fast response performance, so it is necessary to introduce adaptive damping control. Based on universal approximation theorem, BP neural network can fit continuous nonlinear function well. At the same time, it has the advantages of simple algorithm, powerful learning ability and fast learning speed. Based on the characteristics of the control object, the BP neural network is improved and a new adaptive control strategy is designed. The strategy uses improved BP neural network to adjust VSG virtual damping D online. Python-MATLAB-Simulink was used for co-simulation, BP neural network algorithm was integrated into the control object to establish an adaptive simulation model, and the proposed control strategy was simulated and verified. Simulation results show that the adaptive control strategy can eliminate overshoot and respond quickly when the frequency and active power of virtual synchronous generator change.
Application of Repetitive Control and ANFIS-PI Compound Control Strategy in APF
Authors: Zhang Mengtao , Sui Tao
Published: December 2021

In order to effectively solve a series of problems caused by harmonics in power system, an active power filter based on ANFIS-PI and repetitive control is designed. The traditional single control method cannot balance control accuracy and response speed, so a compound control strategy is adopted. Repetitive control can produce the same output as the harmonic current, so it can achieve zero steady-state error tracking compensation for each harmonic, but its dynamic performance is not good. As a traditional control method, the PI control method has a fast response speed, but in the actual application process, when the load changes suddenly, that is, when the system parameters change, its tracking effect is not ideal. Therefore, a composite control strategy of ANFIS-PI and repeated control is proposed. It has been proved that its compensation accuracy and dynamic response speed have been significantly improved.
Research on Insulation State of 10kV XLPPE Fault Cable Based on Qt Technology
Authors: Zhao Tengfei , Nie Yongjie , Cao Min
Published: December 2021

The cross-linked polyethylene cable will undergo thermal aging during service, which will seriously affect the service life of the cable. The current integration method can analyze the charge injection and conduction parameters from the dynamic change rate of the charge over time, and then analyze the insulation state of the polymer. Aiming at the field 10KV fault breakdown cable, this paper uses the current integration method to compare the dynamic change characteristics of the charge of the faulty cable and the new cable, and uses the ratio of Q(t) at t=600s and t=4s to study Charge injection and accumulation situation. Through analysis, it is found that the fault breakdown of the cable, the maximum charge accumulation under high voltage is 9000 Q/nC, the charge change rate is about 2, and the dielectric constant is 3.1, which is much greater than that of the new cable, indicating that the breakdown of the three-phase cable is mainly caused by the cable. It is caused by aging and eventually leads to insulation deterioration and breakdown.
Robust path-following control of underactuated AUVs with multiple uncertainties and state constraints
Authors: Deng Kankan , Miao Jianming , Sun Xingyu
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a novel robust controller for horizontal path-following problem of an underactuated AUV subject to multiple uncertainties and state constraints. Firstly, four reduced-order extended state observes (ESOs) are designed to estimate the multiple uncertainties, and the estimated values are adopted in the design of kinematic and dynamic controller. Secondly, to address the state constraints, the barrier Lyapunov function is incorporated with the kinematic controller. To resolve the problem of input saturation, the auxiliary design system is utilized in the dynamic controller. To address the problem of “explosion of complexity” inherent in the conventional back-stepping method, a nonlinear tracking differentiator is utilized to obtain the derivative of the desired yaw speed. Finally, the results of numerical simulation are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Calibration system design for multi-beam sonar
Authors: Liu Yicheng , Ye Song , Zhang Anmin , Li Mingyuan
Published: December 2021

A set of calibration system for multi-beam sonar is designed by the principle and method of underwater acoustic metrology. Using the multi-dimensional operation control device, the calibration for acoustical index is completed in the anechoic pool, including the sound source level and beam width. The calibration for geometrical index is carried out in the large scale and deep-water prototype pool, including the bathymetric accuracy. Components and method of the calibration system are introduced, as well as the expanded uncertainty of the calibration system is presented. By comparing the calibrating value and the indicating or nominal value of the detected multi-beam sonar, test results show that the sound source level error is less than 0.7dB, the beam width indication error is less than 10% and the bathymetry value error is less than 0.2%.
Applications of Geophysical Methods in Tunnel and Oil Exploration
Authors: Sharma Shivam , Thakur Shalini , Sharma Tarun
Published: December 2021

Geophysical studies can be utilized adequately to decide the land, hydro geographical and geotechnical properties of the ground mass in which the designing development is occurring. The investigation must be given to the contractor to ensure the information related to soil or to predict the type of equipment to be used and to estimate productivity and cost. This article examined how integrated geophysical methods were carried out for the determination of the degree of fracturing and rigidity of rock mass. Data were collected from different case studies in which comparison is there between different types of methods suited for different type of evaluations. In this paper, methods involved for the explorations are seismic refraction method, electrical resistivity method, magnetic and gravity method for oil explorations. The authors found that gravity and magnetic are best suited methods for the oil sand exploration and because of the high acceptance of designing a lot latest applications expected in future. The techniques used in these methods are relatively cheap and fast finding in comparison to other methods.
Investigation on the influence of point loads on the deflection behaviour of G+5 frame structure
Authors: Dadra Sarpreet , Kumar Jatinder , Singh Satinderjit , Saini Taranvir Singh , Sharma Shubham , Chohan Jasgurpreet , Kumar Raman , Singh Sandeep
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, multi-storey structure portal frames are most commonly used worldwide. Multistory frames are used in structural systems in all metropolitan cities, future cities, and important businesses. The present study the effect of various point loads varying from 22 to 32 kN in steps of 2 were applied on the center of horizontal beams of the frame structure. The deflection behaviour in form of deflection, reaction, beading moments under point loading were discussed analytically according to stiffness matrix method and the results are validated with the help of simulation using STAAD Pro software. Results revealed that the analytical method using manual calculations in excel sheet provides approximately similar results as obtained by the costly simulation technique using STAAD Pro software. Therefore, the implementation of this excel sheet can be recommended for standard analysis of portal frame structures based on the outcomes of this study.
Behaviour of Incorporation of Bacteria in Concrete
Authors: Tiwary Aditya Kumar
Published: December 2021

The life of the healing in concrete is many years old and when the study was done on this, outcomes were coinciding with the auto-genus healing process which was capable to heal the micro cracks inside cementitious based materials and hereafter research led to the study of autonomous healing. In the autonomous healing process, the main aim was to fill the cracks and heal the fracture at the macro level. This was possible with the help of bacteria that were embedded in the cementitious based material with different technologies and methods. In this paper, Enterobacter species and Cohnii bacteria were incorporated into concrete. The behaviour of bacterial concrete was investigated in terms of compressive, tensile, flexural strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. It observed that the compressive strength of concrete was increased by 11.5%, flexural strength increased by 11.9%, tensile strength increased by 12.8% with the replacement of Cohnii bacteria as compare to conventional concrete. These bacteria have been proved a positive approach to the healing process in cementitious based material. Also, the important criterion has been studied which is essential when dealing with the autonomous healing process. Both the bacteria generate the calcite that helps to fill the concrete crack and voids if water come in to contact.
Groundwater contamination with heavy metals in Chennai city, India – A threat to the human population
Authors: Mahapatra Saubhagya Ranjan , Nimmy P M
Published: December 2021

The goal of this research was to learn more about heavy metal pollution in groundwater in North Chennai during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The total no. of 108 groundwater samples were utilized for this study retrieved from both dug and bore wells. The analytical results indicate that all the determined trace metals show wide spatial and temporal variations. Spatial variation is mainly due to the different sources of contamination, and temporal variation is mainly due to the influence of rainfall and the associated changes in the hydrogeochemical conditions. The abundance order of trace elements based on average ionic concentration in pre-monsoon is Iron (Fe)> Manganese (Mn)> Chromium (Cr)> Copper (Cu)> Lead (Pb)> Nickel (Ni)> Zinc (Zn) and during post-monsoon Fe>Mn>Pb>Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni. Nemerow’s pollution index (NPI) gives an idea about the range of pollution for individual water quality parameters concerning a standard value. Our result showed that North Chennai city is polluted by Lead in both seasons.
A Review on Terrazyme as Pavement Enhancement Approach
Authors: kour Palakpreet , Tangri Amanpreet , Farhad Ayazi Mohammad
Published: December 2021

During construction, Engineers often face difficulty related to the stability of soil with or on which the structure is being constructed as the unstable soil cannot not withstand the loads imposed over it. Since the layers of pavements distributes the load evenly over the subgrade, the design of pavement layer is very much dependent on the strength of the subgrade soil over which they are to be laid. So, there is an urgent need to improve the properties of subgrade. An effort to treat the earth with an enzyme that proves very much advantageous for engineering purposes. It is a natural solution which is generated by the enzymatic action on fruits, edibles, saccharine and water by means of fermentation. In this research, a bio-enzyme labelled as Terrazyme is being utilized that significantly improves the properties of soil. Terrazyme being cost effective, efficient, non-toxic, non-inflammable increases the stability by accelerating the enzymatic reactions between the argil and cations(organic) and accelerates the cationic interchange operation to lower down the diffused double layer thickness. The paper deals with all the information about terrazyme including its working mechanism and different properties of soil. It has been investigated that on incrementing the dosage of terrazyme in test sample, notable improvement in the value of UCS and CBR value of soil is observed.
Leaf Litter Vermi Composting: Converting Waste to Resource
Authors: Sharma Anamika , Sharma Ashita , Singh Satveer , Vig Adarsh Pal , Avinash Kaur Nagpal
Published: December 2021

Waste is not waste unless someone wastes it. Solid waste collection and its management is one of the burning issues of environment today in most nations worldwide. Although many methods have been proposed and implemented for proper solid waste disposal but some of these treatment and disposal strategies can cause severe environmental issues. The present manuscript intends to give an overview of studies on use of garden leaf litter waste around us as a substrate for vermicompost formation. Vermicomposting is aerobic process in which detritivorous earthworms play an important role in decomposition of organic waste converting it to nutrient rich medium for plant growth known as vermicompost. They do so by interacting with wide range of microorganisms and variety of other fauna acting as decomposers and this interaction results in stabilization of organic matter leading to alteration of its physical and biochemical properties. In recent years, vermicomposting technique has advanced considerably because it is eco-friendly, economically feasible and socially acceptable approach for waste management. In simple words, it is a way of converting waste to wealth. Furthermore, the end product of vermicomposting (Vermicast) - the nutrient rich compost is an efficient soil conditioner.
Health Risk Associated with Copper Intake through Vegetables in Different Countries
Authors: Sharma Nitika , Bakshi Akanksha , Sharma Ashita , Kaur Inderpreet , Nagpal Avinash Kaur
Published: December 2021

Sustainable development goals aim to attain food security by 2030. To attain food security, it becomes extremely important to target various aspects of food security where safety of food is a major factor. In order to meet the growing population demand, efforts are being made to increase production of food and thus the safety aspect is often ignored. Irrational anthropogenic activities have impacted and deteriorated the ambient environment. Degradation of soil and water has resulted in buildup of contaminants in these spheres and further transfer of contaminants into the food chain. Increase in heavy metals in our surroundings is reported in many parts of the world. Further, increase in concentration of metals in soil and water result in the transfer of these metals into food chain. Unlike other metals copper is although is an essential element for living organisms but excessive consumption of copper is known to cause toxic impacts to living organisms. Green leafy vegetables are considered as hyperaccumulators for copper. The excessive concentration of copper in vegetables is not limited to any one region of the world. The present review summarizes the reports of copper content in vegetables in various parts of the world and health effects associated with it.
Overview of the various factors impacting the distribution of river water of Punjab, India
Authors: Bedi Harinderpal Singh , Singh Sandeep
Published: December 2021

Surface water bodies are one of the major sources of fresh water and also a matter of dispute among the territories sharing their water. Similar situation has been faced by Punjab, India, through which three rivers of Indus river system i.e., Ravi, Beas and Satluj passes. This article presents the various factors that need to be considered before distributing the water of the rivers of Punjab among neighboring states and countries. This article highlighted that the major factors that should be considered are, precipitation, snow fall, glacier retreat, demography, irrigation pattern, groundwater level, hydro-electricity and flooding. Further, the data from previous years for each factor has also been discussed so that any timely change in these factors could be highlighted. In this way, it was illustrated that distribution of river water should be based on the current scenario of the previously mentioned factors. The discussion made in this article may assist the policy makers in making a comprehensive analysis of the situation before distributing the river water of Punjab, India.
A Sustainable environmental change and ESG initiatives by the manufacturing and others service Industries during COVID19 Pandemic
Authors: Mittal Monika , Pareek Manoj , Sharma Shubham , Chohan Jasgurpreet , Kumar Raman , Singh Sandeep
Published: December 2021

Covid-19 has improved the economy’s ESG plan. The ESG rating of an industry is crucial for stakeholders and will influence future business practices. ESG is commonly understood to refer to a set of criteria for making long-term investments in the areas of the environment, social welfare, and governance. Climate change is a systemic concern, and governments, companies, and society are increasingly determined to meet it. Climate change, according to the ESG, is the world’s most complicated challenge, posing collective risk and ambiguity to society. The impact of ESG elements and climate risk in the insurance business is investigated in this research. The research will also look into how insurers are responding to climate change. The research will also look into how insurers are pursuing climate-friendly activities such as creating green jobs, supporting socially responsible investing, and prioritizing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and commercial sustainability in their operations. As a result, the study’s major recommendation is that potential clients and insurers increase their horizons of ESG risk awareness.
Effect of Intercropping on Mycorrhizal Populations, Growth, and Yield on Several Varieties of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Dryland North Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Astiko W , Ernawati N M L , Silawibawa I P
Published: December 2021

Drylands plays an important role to increase agricultural production. In addition, it also contributes to land use efficiency. The intercropping system provides a solution to increase agriculture productivity in dryland. The objective of this research was to determine the mycorrhizal population, growth, and crop yield of several maize and soybean varieties grown in the field using an intercropping system. The methodology conducted in this study involved a randomized block design with 5 treatment intercropping varieties combination of maize and soybean, namely V1=NK212: Biosoy I, V2=Bima 20 URI: Dega I, V3=NASA 29: Detap, V4=Bisi 18: Biosoy II, V5=Srikandi Kuning: Anjasmoro. Each treatments were repeated three times to obtain 15 experimental plots. The results showed that the mycorrhizal population, growth, and yield of Bisi 18 maize intercropping and Biosoy II soybean varieties obtained the highest value. Mycorrhizal population, wet and dry biomass weight of root, shoots, yield, the highest was obtained in the intercropping of maize varieties Bisi 18/soybean variety Biosoy II. The highest yield was given by the intercropping of maize varieties Bisi 18 and soybean varieties Biosoy II with maize dry seed grain weight 7.4 tons/ha and a soybean dry seed grain weight of 0.94 tons/ha.
Development stages of soybean varieties against pod sucking pest Riptortus linearis F. (Hemiptera: Alydidae) under two different cultivation technologies
Authors: Tantawizal  , Sarjan M , Supeno B , Patu B A , Hidayah B N
Published: December 2021

Pod sucking pest, Riptortus linearis, is one of the important pests on soybeans which cause high yield losses. In order to reduce yield loss, information related to the development stages of resistant varieties and appropriate cultivation technology is needed. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the development stages of soybean varieties and cultivation technology on the population and intensity of pod sucking pests, R. linearis, attack and soybean yield. The study was conducted in a split plot design with two factors, namely cultivation technology [recommendation technology (TR) and existing technology (TE)], and soybean varieties: [Detap-1 (V1), Dega-1 (V2), Anjasmoro (V3), Biosoy (V4), and Dena-1 (V5)]. Each treatment combination was replicated three times resulting in 30 experimental plots. The results showed that soybean varieties affected the population and intensity of R. linearis. Development stages of soybean varieties that positively correlated with pest populations were plant height with a correlation coefficient value r=0.52, followed by pod trichome density (r=0.12), and the number of pods attacked (r=0.49). While the character that correlated with the intensity of pest attack was the density of trichomes (r=0.20). Recommended cultivation technology can increase soybean productivity between 0.1 – 0.47 ton/ha compared to farmers’ existing technology.
Intensity of pest attack and yield of potato plant during offseason in Sajang Village, Sembalun District, West Lombok
Authors: Sarjan M , Jihadi A , Kisman  , Nikmatullah A
Published: December 2021

Pests and diseases attacks are major limitation for white potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production, and therefore intensive treatments are employed during the cultivation. There is an increasing constraint of the intensive pest control to sustainable potato production and environmental impacts; therefore it is crucial to select suitable cultivar, particularly for the rainy, off-season cultivation, at which production is scared. This research evaluated the intensity of pest attack and yield of two variety of white potato, designated as cv. Chitra and Atlantic, during rainy season. Experiment was conducted in Sajang Village, of Sembalun District, West Nusa Tenggara from March to June 2021. In the field, the plants were maintained according to common maintenance employed farmer in Sembalun, and data collected at two weekly basis. The results showed that symptom of pest attached was visible since the plants was 4 weeks old with no real different intensity between the two variety. A higher rate of pest intensity was recorded in Chitra variety compared to the Atlantic. However, the yield of the two varietie was not differing significantly. The results indicated that the two varieties could be cultivated during off-season and insects are not a major problem during offseason that limits potato plant growth and production in Sajang Village. Further study is needed to evaluate the potential cultivation of the two varieties whole year.
Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 concentration and fermentation time on bioethanol content from corn stover crude cellulose substrate
Authors: Napitupulu A M M , Suhendra L , Gunam I B W
Published: December 2021

Corn stover is a waste from the corn plant that dried in the fields after the corn cobs were harvested. From many corn wastes produced, there is very little utilization to corn stover. Delignified corn stover contains 65.46% cellulose, 14.58% hemicellulose, and 8.66% lignin. Lignocellulosic biomass is very difficult to biotransform, therefore it must be delignified to break the bonds between cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Then the cellulose is converted into sugars by saccharification using crude cellulose enzymes so it can be converted into bioethanol through a fermentation process using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) method. This study aims to determine the concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 and the optimum fermentation time in order to obtain high content of bioethanol from corn stover. Bioethanol production at different concentrations of S. cerevisiae and fermentation time uses a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of two factors. The first factor was the concentration of S. cerevisiae which consisted of 3 levels, namely 3%, 5%, and 7% (v/v). The second factor was the fermentation time which consists of 4 levels, namely 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours. Observed variables included pH value, total dissolved solids, reducing sugar content, and ethanol content. The data obtained were analyzed for its diversity using analysis of variants (ANOVA) and continued with the HSD Tukey. The results showed that the concentration of S. cerevisiae 7% (v/v) and a fermentation time of 96 hours was the best treatment to obtain a maximum ethanol content of 7.53 ± 0.330 g/L, with a final pH value of 4.25 ± 0.07, total dissolved solids 2.9 ± 0.14 °Bx and reducing sugar content of 0.334 ± 0.03 g/L. Increasing the concentration of S. cerevisiae and fermentation time can increase the ethanol content.
Formulation of Indonesian traditional functional drink wedang empon based on Zingiberaceae rhizomes mixed with fruits
Authors: Fitriarni D , Martanto  , Rifkowaty E. E.
Published: December 2021

Wedang empon is a rhizome-based drink, one of the most popular functional drinks in Indonesia. This drink is consumed as a drink that is believed to increase the body's immunity and maintain a healthy body. This is due to the potential content of secondary metabolites contained in it. The purpose of this study was to combine empon-based drinks with several types of fruit and flower extracts. The development of this empon-based drink was carried out to provide variations in taste, aroma, and color as well as its nutritional content. Therefore, in this study, wedang empon drink which has been combined with several fruits and flowers was analyzed for product quality with several parameters such as phenol content, vitamin C, and product hedonic tests to find out how consumers respond to the resulting product. In this study, an analysis of the moisture content of the dried product was also carried out to ensure that the water content was within the permissible limits. The research started from material preparation, formulation, characterization and product analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that in general the yield value of the water content was less than 10%. Overall, the total phenol content of all treatments ranged from 14.75-43.32 mg GAE 100 g-1 and the highest total phenol content was detected in the combination of rosella with wedang empon ingredients. The amount of vitamin C ranged from 42.1013-107 mg/100 g and samples of wedang empon mixed with lakum were the highest. Hedonic test results ranged from 63.556 to 90.667, taste ranged from 63.556 to 90.667, aroma number ranged from 67.11 to 79.556, then color ranged from 70.222 to 84,889. This means that there are differences in the effect of adding different ingredients to the taste of wedang empon. By mixing the rhizome drink with fruit and flower extract will help improve the sensory properties of the drink so that this drink can be more accepted by many consumers of all ages or for those who don't even like the unpleasant smell of wedang empon drinks.
Analysis of supply chain and added value of rice in west Lombok regency
Authors: Wuryantoro  , Sjah T , Budastra I , Ayu C , Supartiningsih N L S , Maryati S
Published: December 2021

West Lombok Regency is one of rice production centers in West Nusa Tenggara. Rice millings operate in the Regency to process raw rice into rice (hulled rice), and become a central point in the rice agro-industry and institution that connects actors in the supply chain, starting from raw rice to producing hulled rice as the main product. The aim of this research is to: (1) analyze supply chain mechanisms related to product flows, information flows and financial flows on rice; (2) analyze added value received by actors in the rice supply chain network; and (3) analyze marketing efficiency of rice in West Lombok Regency. This research uses descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out using surveys to the research locations of the districts of Narmada, Lingsar and Gerung, which all are the centers of rice in West Lombok Regency. There were 30 rice farmer respondents and some institutions or individuals involved in the flow of rice from farmers to end consumers. Data were analyzed by applying the analyses of descriptive, added value, and marketing efficiency. The results showed that in the rice supply chain there have been flows of product, finance, and information, amongst marketing actors or institutions. The added value and profit resulting from processing unhulled rice to hulled rice were IDR 6,100/kg and IDR 5,850/kg, respectively. It was also found that in West Lombok Regency there are three patterns of marketing channels and all of the channels operated efficiently.
A generalization SPARQL federated query: An initial step towards machine-readable web of data for halal food products
Authors: Hernawan A , Sunarwidhi AL , Prasedya ES , Widyastuti S
Published: December 2021

The evolution of webs from web of documents to a web of data allows machines to read and connect structured data on the Web, known as Linked Data. This enables machine learning to use linked data in ways that were previously thought to be impossible to do. Machine learning and linked data research are relatively thoughtless. As a result, the primary goal of this research is to present ARQL, an extension of SPARQL 1.1 and to cluster Linked Data derived from online web sources. We provide state of the art ARQL features to allow machine to directly query from online RDF, JSON-LD or JSON API. Here we describe how ARQL web service is used to query Web of Data development and generalization of SPARQL federated query, two initial steps for the development of halal food mobile application tied up with ARQL.
Species diversity of birds as bioindicators for mangroves damage at Special Economic Zones (SEZ) Mandalika in Central of Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Salahuddin M A A , Rohayani I S , Candri D A
Published: December 2021

The Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) was designated as a tourist area in 2015. The development of the Mandalika area directly impacts the sustainability, diversity of species, especially birds that make mangroves their habitat. The study aims to investigate the value of bird species diversity in mangrove habitats as bioindicators. Furthermore, the research has been carried out for three months, from March to May 2021. Research data collection uses the roaming method, and data analysis uses bird community structure analysis (Diversity Index). In this study, 33 species of birds were found. Furthermore, it was found that six species of birds are protected wildlife. In addition, 16 are migratory birds, and 27 are Least Concern (LC) bird species; four species have Near Threatened (NT) status. Meanwhile, the Index of bird community structure is H’ 2.7, uniformity E 0.8, and dominance C 0.9. The value of the bird community structure in the Mandalika SEZ shows the condition of mangrove habitat in the moderate damage category. Therefore, there needs to be an effort to preserve mangroves involving the community, government, and Indonesia Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) area managers.
Radio-sensitivity of irradiated seed, plantlets, callus, and in vitro leaves from Indigofera zollingeriana Miq by gamma rays
Authors: Royani J I , Sudarsono  , Abdullah L , Aisyah S I
Published: December 2021

Test of radio-sensitivity is important to use as a recognizable effect of radiation. The optimal doses usually create maximum variability. Radio-sensitivity of each part of plants of Indigofera zollingeriana Miq to gamma rays had no report yet. This research aimed to know radio-sensitivity, optimal doses, and growth of M1 generation from each material of I. zollingeriana irradiated with gamma rays. Seed, plantlets, callus, and in vitro leaves were tested for radio sensitivity by gamma rays. Doses level used of Gamma rays were: 0 until 500 Gy. The value of LD50 of each material was evaluated using Curve-fit Analysis. Growth parameters from each material were observed for six weeks after planting and analyzed using IBM SPSS 22. Research showed that the sensitivity of each doses level was different for each source of the material plant. The seed had radio-sensitivity of gamma rays at dose 183.988 Gy, plantlet at dose 253.677 Gy, callus could not calculate, and in vitro leaves at dose 242.241 Gy.
In vitro culture of Dendrobium lineale Rolfe orchid for plant breeding and propagation
Authors: Dhuha Mustika Nureni , Semiarti Endang
Published: December 2021

D.lineale is included in the CITES appendix II due to D. lineale has great potential as a cut flower and the parent of hybrid orchids. In vitro culture can be used for mass propagation of orchids for commercial breeding as well as conservation. Basic culture medium with the addition of organic substances can increase the growth of plantlets. The objective of this research was to determine the best condition for in vitro culture of D.lineale orchids for producing a mass number of plantlets. Methods used include planting orchid seedlings in various variations of culture media, plantlet subcultures, observation of the anatomy of leaves and roots, as well as the measurement of chlorophyll content. This research uses ‘pisang raja’ as organic material in the culture medium. The highest chlorophyll content in the leaves was 1.58 mg/g, while the highest chlorophyll content in the roots was 0.34 mg/g. Both were found in medium NP+100 g/L bananas in light conditions (1317 lux). The anatomical structure of the leaves shows that the mesophyll is thicker in plants placed under lighting 1317 lux because it shows good effectiveness in photosynthesis. The anatomy of the orchid roots showed differences in diameter in each treatment because the addition of bananas to the medium stimulated rapid and abundant root formation, but the size was smaller. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the addition of 100 gr/L bananas as organic substances in in vitro medium culture increases the growth rate of D. lineale orchids, which will be beneficial for conservation efforts.
Optimization of primer and polymerase chain reaction conditions to amplify COI locus for identification of Purnajiwa (Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Benn.) collected from Bedugul, Bali
Authors: Ariati P E P , Wirawan I G P , Sasadara M M V
Published: December 2021

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used for molecular research to amplify DNA fragments, especially from a small amount of genetic material. PCR has been applied for numerous researches, including for plant molecular identification. A good PCR product is dependent on good amplification of the DNA segment in optimum condition. This research was conducted to optimize the primer combination, and the annealing temperature for DNA barcoding application of Balinese rare medicinal plant(Euchresta horsfieldii(Lesch.) Benn.) collected from Bedugul. COI is a suitable primer to identify unknown species to higher taxa levels and species with high phenotypic plasticity. The range of annealing temperatures was tested to amplify the combination of five COI primers: GWSF and GWSF5 for forwarding primers and GWSR, GWSR3, and GWSR5 for reverse primers. The annealing temperature was 52, 54, 56, 58, 60°C for 30 seconds. The result showed that GWSF-GWSR, GWSF-GWSR5, GWSF5-GWSR, GWSF5-GWSR5, and GWSF5-GWSR3 produced multiple bands, the double band that cannot be cut, multiple bands, faint amplification band for GWSF5-GWSR5 and GWSF5-GWSR3, respectively. Primer combination of GWSF-GWSR3 with an annealing temperature of 52°Cproduced double bands that were available to have proceeded for sequencing. In conclusion, the combination of GWSF-GWSR3 that is annealed at 52°C produced the best amplification band. The primer combinations and conditions can be used for further identification of Purnajiwa collected from Bedugul.
In Vitro screening of ammonia and nitrite-degrading bacteria isolated from broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) intestines and pond sediment of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A preliminary study
Authors: Anwar K , Safitri R , Fajriani N , Gifari Z A , Wariata I W , Rosyidi A , Amin M , Ali M
Published: December 2021

The high level of ammonia and nitrite is a toxic factor for both poultry and aquaculture animals that directly lead to lower economic benefits. Thus, reducing ammonia and nitrite levels is an essential key for successful culture and is also important to reduce the amount of ammonia and nitrite released into the environment. This study aimed to screen bacteria having a capacity to degrade either ammonia or nitrite in vitro. Five bacterial strains previously isolated from broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) intestine and pond sediment of Nile Nilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used in this study, namely IBP-1, IBP-2, IBP-3, IBP-4, and IBP-5 strains. The screenings were performed using either NH4Cl containing medium or NaNO2 containing medium to determine the ability of bacteria to reduce ammonia or nitrite respectively. The ammonia and nitrite levels were afterwards measured at the beginning (day 0: before bacterial inoculation), 24h (day 1), 48h (day 2), and 72h (day 3) after the addition of 1 ml of the bacterial suspension. The results showed that the five bacterial isolates were able to degrade the ammonia and nitrite content. The greatest reduction of ammonia was achieved by IBP-4 strain (0.00 mg/l), followed by IBP-5 strain (0.04 mg/l), IBP-1 strain (0.05 mg/l), IBP-3 strain (0.14 mg/l) and IBP-2 strain (0.19 mg/l). IBP-1 and IBP-2 strains showed the highest reduction of nitrite levels with values of 0.01 mg/l and 0.02 mg/l after 72h of bacterial inoculation. These results suggest that the five bacterial strains are potentially used for degrading toxic ammonia and nitrite.
The effect of herbal formula consisting of Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma longa and Phyllanthus niruri on quality of life: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Novianto F , Zulkarnain Z , Ardiyanto D , Triyono A , Nisa U , Astana P R W , Fitriani U
Published: December 2021

The herbal ingredients consisting of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) have been used to improve physical fitness. However, the effect of these herbs on the quality of life is not yet known. This study aims to assess the effect of physical fitness herbal formula on quality of life. This study used a randomized controlled trial design. A total of 100 subjects were given herbal formula and 101 subjects were given a placebo. Herbal formula was made by boiling 4 cups (800 ml) of water until it boils, adding simplicia then reducing the heat, waiting for about 15-30 minutes until only two cups (400 ml) of water remained, filtered and put in a special thermos. The herbs and placebo were taken twice a day for 42 days. Before the study and on day 42th, subjects were examined for their quality of life using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. The results showed that there were no significant changes in the mental component summary and the dimensions of physical function, role of emotions, energy, mental health, social function, and general health. However, in the physical component summary and the dimensions of physical role and pain there was a significant increase in the quality of life (p=0,032; p=0.005; p=0.017). In conclusion, the physical fitness herbal formula can improve the physical component summary of quality of life, especially the dimensions of physical roles and pain.
Anti-inflammatory potential of λ-carrageenan by inhibition of IL-6 receptor: in silico study
Authors: Padmi H , Ansori A N M , Probojati R T , Murtadlo A A A , Sunarwidhi A L , Hernawan A , Sunarpi H , Widyastuti S , Nikmatullah A , Prasedya E S
Published: December 2021

In some cases, the immune system in COVID-19 patients leads to the release of excess cytokine production (cytokine storm), which will potentially develop into pneumonia. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays the role of pro-inflammatory cytokine, it is a receptor mediated signalling system. Macroalgae is well known as a source of valuable bioactive substances with potential biological activities. Among them is the sulphated polysaccharide lambda-carrageenan λ-CGN which has been reported as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, its mechanism of action against IL-6 production is currently unknown. This study aims to predict potential molecular mechanisms of λ-CGN chemical compound against IL-6 expression through in silico study. Chemical compound of λ-CGN and target protein in this study were obtained from the pubchem and protein data bank (PDB). The molecular docking prediction was conducted with PyRx software, the result is λ-CGN compound showing strong binding energy to bind target protein IL-6 receptor with the value of -5.9 kcal/mol. Based on the results of in silico study, the sulphated polysaccharide λ-CGN potentially inhibits IL-6R expression by binding ligand pocket with six conventional hydrogen bonds (amino acid residus: His256, His 257, Trp 219, Arg 231, and Asp 221) and two carbon hydrogen bonds (amino acid residus: THR 218 and GLN 220). Binding with these amino acid residues potentially contributes to IL-6 receptor structural change which could result in functional change. Hence, further studies related to in vitro and in vivo investigations would be interesting to further understand the inhibitory mechanism of λ-CGN against IL-6.
Freight shipper’s mode choice preference for sustainable inland transportation
Authors: Firdausiyah N , Chrisdiani D P
Published: December 2021

Modelling of transport mode choice preferencehas beencurrently regarded essential to identify the preference of transport agents towards a transport policy. This research proposes a model of the freight mode choice preference by using Stated Preference Methods for the data collection from industrial freight shippers in Gresik, Indonesia. This research examines how truck as an existing mode and rail as a sustainable mode alternative compete for goods movement. As the common feature of discrete choice models, the Binary Logit was utilized to analyze the data. The sensitivity of mode preferences was investigated by changing the shipping cost and hauling time. The results indicated that the respondents were sensitive to haul time and shipping cost. When the shipping cost and hauling time was similar, the probability of choosing a truck was 77%. However, the industrial freight shippers changed the preference when the truck’s shipping cost and haul time was higher than that in the train. The train had a 65% choosing probability when the cost difference was IDR 500,000 lower and the hauling time difference was two days faster than the truck. This study assisted the policymakers to correctly design the variables of shipping cost and hauling time for the future sustainable inland transportation based on freight shipper’s preferences.
Beyond the informal settlement: the land tenure situation of urban kampungs in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Tauran T
Published: December 2021

Kampung occupies a significant role in urban settlements in Indonesia. The existing studies categorise urban kampung as informal settlements. However, using evidence from urban kampungs in Surabaya, this study rejects the perspectives that simplify urban kampungs as informal settlements. This study proposes a critical feature of informal settlement as a gauge: land tenure. The findings show that urban kampungs are too complex to be represented in the informal category. Urban kampung can be inhabited by residents with various land tenure beyond formal and informal dichotomy. Most urban kampung residents occupy land with the state (national) or customary tenure, which the state and society recognised. Administratively, they are also integrated into the city government services. Based on the findings, this study argues that simplifying urban kampungs into the informal settlement category is imprecise and potentially misleading.
Evaluating accessibility to city parks utilizing a space syntax method. A case study: city parks in Malang city
Authors: Siregar J P , Surjono  , Rukmi W I , Kurniawan E B
Published: December 2021

The government of Malang city has developed public space by increasing the number of city parks and revitalising the existing parks, functioned as active parks and city forests. Despite the development of individual city parks, about the debate has circulated regarding how the parks are integrated with the city’s spatial system. The focus of this research comprises the evaluation of city parks performance according to the parks’ relative position in the city’s spatial system. This study applies the two variables, including: the relative position of city parks and the visit frequency. The relative position is identified by employing the notion of spatial configuration and space syntax. The visit frequency is explored by utilizing questionnaires. The correlation between the two variables is investigated by using Pearson Product Moment. The research indicates that there is a correlation between the two variables. This finding additionally proves that the spatial configuration determined access to city parks, thereby encouraging the visits. Further, this study has navigated some other motives for the visits in addition to the access.
Humanitarian engineering approach for re-designing pedestrian traffic inside the lecture building during the new normal COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yudono A , Surjono  , Meidiana C , Nurika I , Martati E , Wibowo S
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 has brought a massive impact on people’s daily activities, office workers have implemented “Working from Home” (WFH), an elementary school to high school students have implemented “Study from Home” (SFH), as well as Campus academic communities’ activities’ implementing Learning from Home. This circumstance has changed daily human behavior for a year. In 2021, upon the completion of a global vaccination program, the situation is followed by a change in the pattern of daily living activities towards “a new normal”, in which direct human interaction is reinstated while still fulfilling health protocols, one of the actions is social distancing. This study examined the detection of pedestrian traffic for the academic community of the Department of Urban and Regional Planning (DURP), Brawijaya University and predicted certain crowds’ spots in the DURP building, using Computer Vision and the integration of Agent-Based Model and Geographical Information Systems Indoor. Furthermore, alternative designs for pedestrians were carried out in the DURP building to prevent the occurrences of crowds in certain spots. The results obtained are that on the 1st Floor of the DURP building, the West and East entrance paths have high traffic, so it is necessary to arrange for the opening of the Southside door as an alternative for pedestrian access. Likewise, for the 2nd Floor, the opening of the south gate contributes to minimizing crowd spots. All in all, the blended learning process through face-to-face learning at students grades 1 and 2, then online learning at students grades 3 and 4 might minimize the potential Covid-19 transmission facing a new normal higher education learning process.
Sustainable livelihoods of coastal communities in Karangsari Urban Village, Tuban Regency after settlement improvements
Authors: Amiroh  , Santoso E B , Septanti D
Published: December 2021

Karangsari Urban Village’s growing population density and scarcity of land contribute to the development of slum communities. The government is making an effort to enhance settlements. However, it is unknown if the settlement improvements would result in the people achieving sustainable livelihoods. This research aims to assess the current status of community-owned livelihood assets and their sustainability. To define the circumstances of natural capital, physical capital, human capital, financial capital, and social capital in the study area, one must first characterize the conditions of natural capital, physical capital, human capital, financial capital, and social capital. A closed questionnaire and observation were used to gather primary data. The analysis used descriptive and qualitative descriptive statistical techniques. The findings indicated that the community’s natural capital, physical capital, human capital, financial capital, and social capital are not sustainable.