bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Segmentasi Paru-Paru pada Citra X-Ray Thorax Menggunakan Distance Regularized Levelset Evolution (DRLSE)
Authors: Hariyadi M Amin
Published: March 2017

-- Lung is one in control in the circulatory system of air (oxygen) in the human body, so the detection of disorders of the human respiratory urgently needed to detect any disturbance in the lungs used X-ray beam, from the results of x-ray image of the thorax contained information used to analyze and determine the shape of an object from the lungs, in order to obtain such information, a process of segmentation. In this study used methods Distance regularized Levelset Evolution (DLRSE), this method region based models which is an improvement of edge-based models. The purpose of this study to implement segmentation methods DRLSE the lungs of the results of x-ray image of the thorax. The trial results with the system DLRSE method performed on the 20 data from X-ray image of the thorax obtained an average result accuracy of 87.90%, a sensitivity of 76.27% and a specificity of 93.98%.
Maternal Psychological Distress and Mother–Infant Relationship: Multiple-Birth Versus Singleton Preterm Infants
Authors: Gondwe Kaboni Whitney , Yang Qing , White-Traut Rosemary , Holditch-Davis Diane
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Purpose: Multiple preterm birth is associated with more maternal psychological distress and less positive mother–infant interactions than singleton preterm birth. This study’s purpose was to compare psychological distress and the relationship with their infants in mothers of multiples and mothers of singletons.

Design: An exploratory secondary analysis of longitudinal data.

Sample: 236 mothers and their preterm infants.

Main outcome variables: Maternal psychological distress (depressive symptoms, anxiety, posttraumatic stress [PTS], parenting stress), the mother–infant relationship (worry; child vulnerability; maternal positive involvement and developmental stimulation; and child developmental maturity, irritability, and social behaviors), and the home environment.

Results: Mothers of multiples had greater PTS symptoms at baseline, anxiety at discharge, and depressive symptoms at six months than mothers of singletons. Mothers of multiples also had more positive home environments at six months. Multiple birth was a risk factor for psychological distress but not for less positive mother–infant interactions.
Parent–Infant Skin-to-Skin Contact Following Birth: History, Benefits, and Challenges
Authors: Hubbard Jessie Marie , Gattman Kindsey Rae
Published: March 2017

Abstract

It is a practice with strong roots in nature and has a significant influence on health outcomes, particularly for at-risk newborns in low-resource settings. In this comprehensive review, benefits of SSC for newborns, mothers, and fathers after vaginal and cesarean births are discussed as well as the benefits of SSC observed for infants in the NICU. Barriers to SSC practice implementation are discussed, and proposed solutions and recommendations are offered. By understanding the many benefits of SSC and strategies for implementation, health care providers can best support and promote this high-quality, evidence-based practice with mothers, newborns, and their families.
Editorial
Authors: Santos Gildenir Carolino , Passos Rosemary
Published: March 2017

Os trabalhos aqui apresentados estão contextualizados com as áreas temáticas que compõe a Revista Online da Biblioteca Professor Joel Martins. Na área da "Biblioteconomia" temos o artigo "Critério para avaliação de obras raras" do bibliotecário da Biblioteca Municipal Mário Andrade (SP), Rízio Bruno Sant’Ana; Ainda nesta área trazemos um relato de experiência vivenciado pela bibliotecária e especialista em bases de dados, Célia Maria Ribeiro, "Experiência internacional: uma bibliotecária brasileira na Biblioteca do Congresso dos Estados Unidos”. Como pode ver, ela relata o período de nove meses de estágio na biblioteca do Congresso...
Critérios para a definição de obras raras
Authors: Sant'Ana Rizio Bruno
Published: March 2017

Discute-se a adoção de critérios de raridade em bibliotecas. Para tanto, são analisados os critérios, muitas vezes antagônicos, adotados por colecionadores e por diversas instituições públicas. Em seguida, são estudadas as normas presentes nos principais códigos de catalogação de obras raras, incluindo textos recentemente disponibilizados na Internet. Finalmente, são estudados mais detalhadamente vários textos, encontrados nos catálogos de obras raras das bibliotecas brasileiras, bem como os critérios adotados na Biblioteca Mário de Andrade, da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo.
O ensino de português para surdos: o texto didático e as recomendações dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN)
Authors: Souza Regina Maria de , Freire Alice , Favorito Wilma
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho analisa um texto didático - voltado para o ensino de português para pessoas surdas - e os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, a partir dos conceitos de formação discursiva e de autoria segundo Foucault (1995, 1996). O objetivo é verificar se o livro didático selecionado e os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (BRASIL, 1999) se inscrevem na mesma formação discursiva – ou seja, se se trata da mesma concepção de sujeito surdo nos dois enunciados. E qual é a possibilidade, em termos discursivos, de a surdez ser entendida, em cada um deles, para além dos limites da deficiência.
Deaf children learning to sign
Authors: Kyle Jim
Published: March 2017

Costumava-se pensar que as crianças surdas tinham dificuldade de linguagem. Uma pesquisa que realizamos com crianças surdas, de famílias surdas, a partir de 3 meses de idade, indica que crianças surdas aprendem a língua de sinais tão eficazmente quanto crianças ouvintes aprendem a falar. Em contraste, crianças surdas, de lares ouvintes, mesmo estando em programas para o aprendizado de sinais na escola, ficam atrás na aquisição da língua de sinais até a idade de 11 anos de idade. Alguns trabalhos iniciais de intervenção, que têm sido realizados com as famílias para introduzir a língua de sinais mais cedo, bem como vários meios possíveis de enriquecer o meio lingüístico de crianças surdas são explorados nesse artigo.
Internet: fator de inclusão da pessoa surda
Authors: Rosa Andréa da Silva , Cruz Cristiano Cordeiro
Published: March 2017

Neste trabalho são descritos alguns dos vários tipos de uso que um surdo pode fazer da Internet. Para tal iniciamos com uma apresentação resumida sobre a história da Internet, seguida por um panorama geral sobre a condição de vida dos surdos ao longo da história da humanidade até os dias de hoje. Com base nisso, são apresentados vários recursos que a Internet pode oferecer aos surdos, no sentido de potencializar-lhes independência e melhor acesso à informação/ comunicação. Também são discutidas algumas novas potencialidades que ela pode prover a esta parte da população em um futuro próximo, através da sua evolução técnica e do surgimento e desenvolvimento de outras tecnologias.
Direitos autorais e internet: do conteúdo ao acesso
Authors: Blattmann Ursula , Rados Gregório Jean Varvakis
Published: March 2017

Resgata abordagens sobre direitos autorais na Internet. Apresenta questões referentes ao conteúdo e ao acesso à informação na Internet. Enfoca a legislação brasileira a ser observada pelo bibliotecário atuante no ciberespaço: os direitos autorais, a propriedade intelectual e ética na informação. Ponderações sobre acesso e liberdade de informação digital online.
Experiência internacional: uma bibliotecária brasileira na biblioteca do Congresso dos Estados Unidos
Authors: Ribeiro Célia Maria
Published: March 2017

Relato de um período de nove meses trabalhando na Divisão Hispânica da Biblioteca do Congresso dos Estados Unidos, com uma bolsa de estudos patrocinada pela Fundação Lampadia através de sua representante no Brasil, VITAE Apoio à Cultura, Educação e Promoção Social. Focaliza dados históricos, números do acervo, estrutura física e quadro de pessoal de uma das mais tradicionais instituições americanas, considerada a maior biblioteca do planeta. Dá a conhecer alguns tipos de projetos desenvolvidos enfatizando a importância da experiência anterior para o bom aproveitamento e crescimento profissional, possibilitando ainda o compartilhamento com os pares quando da volta ao país de origem.
Entrevista com Prof. Dermeval Savani a Rosina Duarte
Authors: Duarte Rosina , Saviani Dermeval
Published: March 2017

Entrevista
Musicalização na educação infantil
Authors: Oliveira Débora Alves de
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre a musicalização na educação infantil, considerando a importância da música como parte da cultura e, portanto, como conhecimento a ser trabalhado no contexto da educação infantil. Para tanto, além da pesquisa bibliográfica, foi realizado um estágio numa escola de educação infantil da rede privada de Campinas durante 8 meses, no qual foi feito um acompanhamento direto das aulas de música desenvolvidas por uma professora "especialista", com turmas de 0 a 6 anos de idade. Inicialmente, no primeiro capítulo, "O que é musicalizar?", discuto o conceito de musicalização procurando relacioná-lo com o contexto escolar. Em seguida, no segundo capítulo, "O processo de musicalização", reflito sobre as possibilidades de trabalho para o desenvolvimento das aulas de música na educação infantil. No terceiro capítulo, "Vivência no estágio", relato as experiências vividas nas aulas de música, procurando mostrar exemplos das atividades desenvolvidas. Por fim, as "Considerações finais", concluo este estudo enfatizando a importância do desenvolvimento de trabalhos em parceria no processo de musicalização na educação infantil.
A clara e a gema
Authors: Godoy Márcia Denise de Oliveira
Published: March 2017

RONCA, Afonso Caruso; GONÇALVES, Luiz Carlos . A clara e a gema. São Paulo: Edesplan,1998.
Letramento e surdez: a língua de sinais como mediadora na compreensão da notícia escrita
Authors: Rosa Andréa da Silva , Trevizanutto Luciana Cristina
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a constituição da língua de sinais como mediadora para a compreensão do português escrito para leitores surdos não alfabetizados. Procuramos, neste trabalho, abordar a notícia, como unidade de texto que se constitui através de determinadas relações como acontecimento da cidade. Enquanto projeto de busca de significado, a leitura de jornais em língua de sinais foi geradora de novas experiências para os leitores surdos, através da apropriação e transformação de significados das notícias impressas, o leitor surdo se constitui autor e produtor de seu próprio texto.
Ler o mundo: um olhar através da simiótica social
Authors: Descardeci Maria Alice Andrade de Souza
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo questiona os pressupostos com os quais a escola brasileira trabalha o conceito de leitura, que impõe ao aluno a modalidade escrita como sendo a única, ou mais relevante, forma de representação para composição de mensagens impressas. A leitura do mundo, na concepção da escola atual, faz-se através da leitura do código escrito. Tal questionamento é feito através da teoria da semiótica social (Kress e van Leeuwen, 1996). De acordo com essa teoria, textos são construtos multi-modais; dos quais a escrita é apenas um dos modos de representação da mensagem. Estes, por sua vez, são culturalmente determinados e constantemente redefinidos dentro dos grupos sociais nos quais significam. Uma análise de impressos coletados em um ambiente de trabalho é apresentada para demonstrar a multimodalidade das formas de representação, que deve ser considerada quando do ensino da leitura da palavra, para uma leitura mais significativa do mundo.
A formação em serviço do professor e as mudanças no ensino de língua portuguesa
Authors: Santos Carmi Ferraz
Published: March 2017

Analisaremos neste trabalho algumas modalidades do processo de formação em serviço na área de Língua Portuguesa oferecidas aos professores das séries iniciais de uma rede estadual de ensino, a fim de apreender como ocorre a “transposição didática” do saber requerido quanto ao ensino de língua escrita e estabelecer em que medida estes momentos de formação auxiliam o professor em sua tarefa de transpor este saber na sala de aula.
Leitura comparativa de campanha de alfabetização cubana com a de alfabetização da Guiné-Bissau
Authors: Cá Lourenço Ocuni
Published: March 2017

Neste trabalho pretendo analisar os contextos históricos do processo de alfabetização de Cuba com o da Guiné-Bissau, focalizando as principais diferenças e semelhanças entre os dois países.
A história ensinada nas propostas curriculares (Brasil - ultimas décadas do século XX)
Authors: Ribeiro Renilson Rosa
Published: March 2017

O presente ensaio tem o objetivo de analisar as representações do professor e da história ensinada nas propostas curriculares produzidas entre 1984 e 1995 no Brasil, dando especial ênfase às proposições da historiografia para as transformações no ensino da disciplina.
Apontamentos sobre a psicologia analítica de Carl Gustav Jung
Authors: Ramos Luís Marcelo Alves
Published: March 2017

O texto faz uma introdução à Psicologia Analítica do psicólogo e psiquiatra suíço Carl Gustav Jung: define o conceito de Psicologia Analítica, traz uma biografia resumida de Carl Gustav Jung, indica as principais diferenças entre a Psicologia Analítica e a Psicanálise, descreve a estrutura e o funcionamento da psique e, por fim, apresenta sinteticamente as características dos tipos de personalidades traçadas por Jung.
Sales of Nicotine-Containing Electronic Cigarette Products: United States, 2015
Authors: Marynak Kristy L. , Gammon Doris G. , Rogers Todd , Coats Ellen M. , Singh Tushar , King Brian A.
Published: March 2017

Objectives. To assess the proportion of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products sold in the United States that contain nicotine according to retail scanner data.

Methods. We obtained unit sales data from January 11, 2015, to December 12, 2015, from The Nielsen Company for convenience stores; supermarkets; mass merchandisers; drug, club, and dollar stores; and Department of Defense commissaries. The data did not include purchases from tobacco specialty shops, “vape shops,” or online sources. Nicotine content was assessed by product type (disposables, rechargeables, and refills), region, and flavor status based on nicotine strength listed in the Universal Product Codes. For the 36.7% of entries lacking nicotine content information, we conducted Internet searches by brand, product, and flavor.

Results. In 2015, 99.0% of e-cigarette products sold contained nicotine, including 99.0% of disposables, 99.7% of rechargeables, and 98.8% of refills. Overall, 98.7% of flavored e-cigarette products and 99.4% of nonflavored e-cigarette products contained nicotine.

Conclusions. In 2015, almost all e-cigarette products sold in US convenience stores and other assessed channels contained nicotine.

Public Health Implications. Findings reinforce the importance of warning labels for nicotine-containing products, ingredient reporting, and restrictions on sales to minors.
Universal Mandatory Reporting Policies and the Odds of Identifying Child Physical Abuse
Authors: Ho Grace W. K. , Gross Deborah A. , Bettencourt Amie
Published: March 2017

Objectives. To examine the relationships between universal mandatory reporting (UMR), child physical abuse reporting, and the moderating effect of UMR on physical abuse report outcomes by report source.

Methods. We used a national data set of 204 414 children reported for physical abuse in 2013 to compare rates of total and confirmed reports by states or territories with and without UMR. We estimated odds and predicted probabilities of confirming a physical abuse report made by professional versus nonprofessional reporters, accounting for the moderating effect of UMR and individual-level characteristics.

Results. Rates of total and confirmed physical abuse reports did not differ by UMR status. Nonprofessionals were more likely to make reports in UMR states compared with states without UMR. Probability of making a confirmed report was significantly lower under UMR; this effect almost doubled for nonprofessionals compared with professional reporters.

Conclusions. Universal mandatory reporting may not be the answer for strengthening the protection of children victimized by physical abuse. Implementation of child protection policies must be exercised according to evidence to exert the fullest impact and benefit of these laws.
Jail Booking as an Occasion for HIV Care Reengagement: A Surveillance-Based Study
Authors: Eastment McKenna C. , Toren Katelynne Gardner , Strick Lara , Buskin Susan E. , Golden Matthew R. , Dombrowski Julia C.
Published: March 2017

Objectives. To examine population and HIV care outcomes of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at their first incarceration of 2014 in 2 county jails in King County, Washington.

Methods. Using HIV surveillance data linked with jail booking data, we examined demographic information, viral loads, CD4 counts, and incarceration details for the period prior to jail booking, during incarceration, and year following jail release.

Results. In 2014, 202 PLWHA were incarcerated, 51% of whom were virally nonsuppressed at booking. This population represented approximately 3% of all HIV-diagnosed persons and 7% of virally nonsuppressed persons in King County. Within a year of release, 62% were virally suppressed, compared with 79% of the general HIV-diagnosed population in King County.

Conclusions. Incarcerated PLWHA are disproportionately virally nonsuppressed compared with nonincarcerated PLWHA up to a year after release from jail.

Public Health Implications. Coordination of health information exchange between the health department and jails could enhance public health efforts to improve the HIV care continuum.
Scaling Up a Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program in Rural Bangladesh: The Role of Program Implementation
Authors: Benjamin-Chung Jade , Sultana Sonia , Halder Amal K. , Ahsan Mohammed Ali , Arnold Benjamin F. , Hubbard Alan E. , Unicomb Leanne , Luby Stephen P. , Colford John M.
Published: March 2017

Objectives. To evaluate whether the quality of implementation of a water, sanitation, and hygiene program called SHEWA-B and delivered by UNICEF to 20 million people in rural Bangladesh was associated with health behaviors and sanitation infrastructure access.

Methods. We surveyed 33 027 households targeted by SHEWA-B and 1110 SHEWA-B hygiene promoters in 2011 and 2012. We developed an implementation quality index and compared the probability of health behaviors and sanitation infrastructure access in counterfactual scenarios over the range of implementation quality.

Results. Forty-seven percent of households (n = 14 622) had met a SHEWA-B hygiene promoter, and 47% of hygiene promoters (n = 527) could recall all key program messages. The frequency of hygiene promoter visits was not associated with improved outcomes. Higher implementation quality was not associated with better health behaviors or infrastructure access. Outcomes differed by only 1% to 3% in scenarios in which all clusters received low versus high implementation quality.

Conclusions. SHEWA-B did not meet UNICEF’s ideal implementation quality in any area. Improved implementation quality would have resulted in marginal changes in health behaviors or infrastructure access. This suggests that SHEWA-B’s design was suboptimal for improving these outcomes.
State-Level Progress in Reducing the Black–White Infant Mortality Gap, United States, 1999–2013
Authors: Brown Speights Joedrecka S. , Goldfarb Samantha Sittig , Wells Brittny A. , Beitsch Leslie , Levine Robert S. , Rust George
Published: March 2017

Objectives. To assess state-level progress on eliminating racial disparities in infant mortality.

Methods. Using linked infant birth–death files from 1999 to 2013, we calculated state-level 3-year rolling average infant mortality rates (IMRs) and Black–White IMR ratios. We also calculated percentage improvement and a projected year for achieving equality if current trend lines are sustained.

Results. We found substantial state-level variation in Black IMRs (range = 6.6–13.8) and Black–White rate ratios (1.5–2.7), and also in percentage relative improvement in IMR (range = 2.7% to 36.5% improvement) and in Black–White rate ratios (from 11.7% relative worsening to 24.0% improvement). Thirteen states achieved statistically significant reductions in Black–White IMR disparities. Eliminating the Black–White IMR gap would have saved 64 876 babies during these 15 years. Eighteen states would achieve IMR racial equality by the year 2050 if current trends are sustained.

Conclusions. States are achieving varying levels of progress in reducing Black infant mortality and Black–White IMR disparities.

Public Health Implications. Racial equality in infant survival is achievable, but will require shifting our focus to determinants of progress and strategies for success.
Video-Based Grocery Shopping Intervention Effect on Purchasing Behaviors Among Latina Shoppers
Authors: Amaro Hortensia , Cortés Dharma E. , Garcia Samantha , Duan Lei , Black David S.
Published: March 2017

Objectives. To compare changes in food-purchasing knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavior after viewing nutrition education videos among Los Angeles, California Latinas responsible for household grocery shopping.

Methods. From February to May 2015, a convenience sample of 113 Latinas watched 1 video (El Carrito Saludable) featuring MyPlate guidelines applied to grocery shopping (1-video intervention) and another convenience sample of 105 Latinas watched 2 videos (El Carrito Saludable and Ser Consciente), the latter featuring mindfulness to support attention and overcome distractions while grocery shopping (2-video intervention). We administered questionnaires before and after intervention. A preselected sample in each intervention condition (n = 72) completed questionnaires at 2-months after intervention and provided grocery receipts (before and 2-months after intervention).

Results. Knowledge improved in both intervention groups (P < .001). The 2-video group improved more in self-efficacy and use of a shopping list (both P < .05) and purchased more healthy foods (d = 0.60; P < .05) at 2 months than did the 1-video group.

Conclusions. Culturally tailored videos that model food-purchasing behavior and mindfulness show promise for improving the quality of foods that Latinas bring into the home.
Review on Financial Innovations in Big Data Era
Authors: Xiong Xiong , Zhang Jin , Jin Xi , Feng Xu
Published: March 2017

The rise of Big Data brings the financial innovation opportunities as well as challenges. This paper reviews different fields of big-data-based financial innovations as well as the scientific discoveries and theoretical breakthroughs of risk analysis with respect to these financial innovations. Based on the current research status, several key problems are put forward and their relative solutions are discussed. The three mean aspects are listed as the pricing and risk measuring for data-driven financial innovation products or services; the changes that data-driven financial innovation would bring to finance industry, which involve operation, resources allocation and ecosystem; and questions and solutions of systemic risk management based on Big Data analytics. Finally, predictions towards the hotspots frontier and developing trends for further data-driven financial innovation are proposed.
The Indicator Selection and Monitoring Analysis of Growth Rate Cycle in China
Authors: Gao Tiemei , Zhang Tongbin , Fan Xiaofei , Wang Jinming
Published: March 2017

This paper chooses the monthly real growth rate of industrial added values, which have been released by the China National Bureau of Statistics, as the benchmark indicator. By using the large quantity of collected data, the actual value of indicators is obtained through deflating them by price index. Based on this result, 26 indicators from various areas of the economy are regarded as China’s macro economic prosperity indicators via methods such as K-L approach, time difference correlation analysis as well as grading system, which correspond well with the fluctuation of benchmark indicator. Furthermore, this paper analyzes and forecasts the economic growth rate cycle of China by composite index and early warning signal system.
Examples of Improved Inversion of Different Airborne Electromagnetic Datasets Via Sharp Regularization
Authors: Vignoli Giulio , Sapia Vincenzo , Menghini Antonio , Viezzoli Andrea
Published: March 2017

Large geophysical datasets are produced routinely during airborne surveys. The Spatially Constrained Inversion (SCI) is capable of inverting these datasets in an efficient and effective way by using a 1D forward modeling and, at the same time, enforcing smoothness constraints between the model parameters. The smoothness constraints act both vertically within each 1D model discretizing the investigated volume and laterally between the adjacent soundings. Even if the traditional, smooth SCI has been proven to be very successful in reconstructing complex structures, sometimes it generates results where the formation boundaries are blurred and poorly match the real, abrupt changes in the underlying geology. Recently, to overcome this problem, the original (smooth) SCI algorithm has been extended to include sharp boundary reconstruction capabilities based on the Minimum Support regularization. By means of minimization of the volume where, the spatial model variation is non-vanishing (i.e., the support of the variation), sharp-SCI promotes the reconstruction of blocky solutions. In this paper, we apply the novel sharp-SCI method to different types of airborne electromagnetic datasets and, by comparing the models against other geophysical and geological evidences, demonstrate the improved capabilities of in reconstructing sharp features.
Identifying Ground-water Resources and Intrabasinal Faults in the Hueco Bolson, West Texas, using Airborne Electromagnetic Induction and Magnetic-field Data
Authors: Paine Jeffrey G. , Collins Edward W.
Published: March 2017

We conducted a high-resolution airborne geophysical survey at the eastern margin of the basin-and-range province of the southwestern U.S. to examine the hydrostratigraphy of the Hueco Bolson and identify possible ground-water resources in this arid area. The survey, flown in 2001 over a 372-km2area east of El Paso, Texas, acquired time-domain electromagnetic induction (TDEM) and magnetic field data. These data were used to map conductivity trends to depths of at least 200 m that are related to lateral and vertical changes in lithology, water content, water chemistry (EM data), basin geometry, and the location of intrabasinal faults (magnetic data). Pre-survey, ground-based TDEM soundings established the achievable exploration depths and demonstrated that the relatively deep groundwater (80 to 120 m) significantly influenced the transient signal and was within the exploration depth of the airborne system. Airborne EM and magnetic field data identified intrabasinal faults that influence basin-fill deposition. Conductivity-depth slices constructed from airborne TDEM data allowed lateral variations in water quality and lithology to be mapped that helped predict ground-water resource quality within these fault-bounded basins filled with alluvial, lacustrine, and eolian sediments.
Estimating instantaneous peak flow from mean daily flow
Authors: Chen Bo , Krajewski Witold F. , Liu Fan , Fang Weihua , Xu Zongxue
Published: March 2017

We revisited three traditional methods and proposed a slope-based method, which all require only mean daily flow (MDF) records as inputs, to estimate instantaneous peak flows (IPFs). We applied these methods to 144 basins in Iowa, USA, with drainage areas in the range 7–220,000 km2. This application involves ∼3,800 peak flow events triggered by snow-melting and rainfall over the period from 1997 to 2014. The results show that: using a sequence of MDF rather than just the maximum MDF improves the accuracy of estimating IPFs from MDFs; Sangal's method tends to overestimate, Fill and Steiner's method works reasonably well and is marginally outperformed by the slope-based method. For the slope-based method, about 75% of the basins have prediction error of IPFs within ±10% and about 85% of the basins within ±20%; performances of the four methods degrade as the basin size decreases. Fill and Steiner's and the slope-based methods work well for basins larger than 500 km2, poorly for basins smaller than 100 km2, and fairly well for basins with sizes in between. Our proposed method is a simple and promising tool to estimate IPFs from MDFs for areas where IPF records are unavailable or are insufficient.
Mortality from selected diseases that can be transmitted by water – United States, 2003–2009
Authors: Gargano J. W. , Adam E. A. , Collier S. A. , Fullerton K. E. , Feinman S. J. , Beach M. J.
Published: March 2017

Diseases spread by water are caused by fecal–oral, contact, inhalation, or other routes, resulting in illnesses affecting multiple body systems. We selected 13 pathogens or syndromes implicated in waterborne disease outbreaks or other well-documented waterborne transmission (acute otitis externa, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, Escherichia coli (E. coli), free-living ameba, Giardia, Hepatitis A virus, Legionella (Legionnaires' disease), nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Pseudomonas-related pneumonia or septicemia, Salmonella, Shigella, and Vibrio). We documented annual numbers of deaths in the United States associated with these infections using a combination of death certificate data, nationally representative hospital discharge data, and disease-specific surveillance systems (2003–2009). We documented 6,939 annual total deaths associated with the 13 infections; of these, 493 (7%) were caused by seven pathogens transmitted by the fecal–oral route. A total of 6,301 deaths (91%) were associated with infections from Pseudomonas, NTM, and Legionella, environmental pathogens that grow in water system biofilms. Biofilm-associated pathogens can cause illness following inhalation of aerosols or contact with contaminated water. These findings suggest that most mortality from these 13 selected infections in the United States does not result from classical fecal–oral transmission but rather from other transmission routes.
The effect of human activities on the pollution of water in southwest Giza area, Egypt
Authors: Abu El Ella Elsayed M. , Elnazer Ahmed A. , Salman Salman A.
Published: March 2017

Southwest Giza area is one of the most complicated regions in Egypt because of the combination of agricultural, industrial and urbanization activities with few studies about water resources contamination with heavy metals. In this study, ten surface water samples and eight groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for pollution with Fe, Mn, As, Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu. The samples were collected randomly according to the topographic locations and accessibility. The surface water is suitable for both drinking and irrigation use according to its salinity (total dissolved solids, TDS < 500 mg/l) and content of major ions. Unfortunately, some samples contain concentrations of As, Cd, Cu and Pb higher than the WHO drinking water guidelines. The groundwater samples have TDS ranging from 204 to 2,100 mg/l. Also, the groundwater contains higher concentrations of Fe, Mn and As than surface water. The highest concentrations of heavy metals As, Cd and Pb were recorded in the desert fringes and close to the industrial complexes indicating the role of geological sediments in the transportation and migration of pollutants. The unconfined part of the Quaternary aquifer in the desert fringes is more vulnerable to contamination. The results of this study reflect the role of human and industrial activates in polluting water resources with heavy metals, which puts the aquatic environment in the study area under stress.
Potential for use of creatine supplementation following mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ainsley Dean Philip John , Arikan Gozdem , Opitz Bertram , Sterr Annette
Published: March 2017

There is significant overlap between the neuropathology of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and the cellular role of creatine, as well as evidence of neural creatine alterations after mTBI. Creatine supplementation has not been researched in mTBI, but shows some potential as a neuroprotective when administered prior to or after TBI. Consistent with creatine’s cellular role, supplementation reduced neuronal damage, protected against the effects of cellular energy crisis and improved cognitive and somatic symptoms. A variety of factors influencing the efficacy of creatine supplementation are highlighted, as well as avenues for future research into the potential of supplementation as an intervention for mTBI. In particular, the slow neural uptake of creatine may mean that greater effects are achieved by pre-emptive supplementation in at-risk groups.
Understanding Long-Term Collaboration: Reflections on Year 1 and Before
Authors: Siemens Lynne
Published: March 2017

This article considers the results of an ongoing study of research collaboration within a cross-country research team in the digital humanities. The INKE group (or, Implementing New Knowledge Environments) is in its first year of funding for projects in the areas of Interface Design, Textual Studies, User Experience and Information Management. The author presents initial findings on the challenges and advantages to collaborative work on such a large-scale project.
From Writing the Grant to Working the Grant: An Exploration of Processes and Procedures in Transition
Authors: Siemens Lynne
Published: March 2017

Fundamental to many projects, a research grant application outlines a research question to be explored as well as its importance and scholarly contribution. This article’s aim is to explore this transition from the grant application to the actual funded research work by examining the experience of INKE, a large interdisciplinary research team. After more than five years of planning and funding success, the research team needed to develop more specific procedures and policies that would facilitate their collaboration than had been outlined in the grant application. Issues under consideration included governance documents, intellectual property policies, leave/exit policies, planning processes, and the inclusion of new researchers and partners. This article will conclude with recommendations on transition and process planning for research teams to ensure effective research collaboration.
Interfacing the Collection
Authors: Sondheim Daniel , Rockwell Geoffrey , Ilovan Mihaela , Radzikowska Milena , Ruecker Stan
Published: March 2017

The digital age has led to the advent of electronic collections with millions or even billions of items. This paper examines the types of interfaces that are emerging for large-scale collections, specifically addressing what a large collection looks like online and how it can be managed by users.  In examining these questions, we propose some features that we feel are universally desirable in interfaces to collections.  Overall, there appear to be two sets of features that help users effectively use and sort online content: tools to view, organize and navigate collections; and tools to customize and manage user-created sub-collections.
The Lemma and Database Design: Redesigning Representative Poetry Online, Lemmatizing Lexicons of Early Modern English, and Envisioning the Lemmatic Web
Authors: Plamondon Marc
Published: March 2017

This article argues for the usefulness of the lemma as the base element for constructing large databases of texts for digital textual analysis and for providing a new hypertextual reading experience.  Support for this is based on the author’s experience designing and developing two major Web initiatives: Representative Poetry Online and the Lexicons of Early Modern English.  The basic database features of the two websites are delineated, but the latter website, in particular, is described with a view toward showing the importance of a shift away from envisioning the database as constructed upon word entries to one constructed upon lemmata.
Alternatives to Author-Centric Knowledge Organization
Authors: Hoetzlein Rama C.
Published: March 2017

This article explores the differences between collaborative and collective authorship, focusing on the most obvious example of the latter, the Internet, and the challenges it poses for knowledge organization. An alternative to current author-centric knowledge systems is presented in the experimental Quanta system.
Towards an Architecture for Active Reading
Authors: Wittern Christian
Published: March 2017

Electronic publishing, especially publishing for the Web, is slowly becoming the main avenue for the dissemination of scholarly edited versions of primary texts. While this is a welcome development and increases access to high quality resources for casual users, it also poses new hindrances to deeper engagement with texts published in such a way. This article discusses some of the requirements for such a deeper engagement with texts, both in terms of the needed functionality, which includes commenting, annotating, translating, but also linking and enriching the texts and in terms of the needed overall architecture and the desired modes of communication between readers of such texts.
Reading Visually: Can Art Historical Reading Approaches go Digital?
Authors: Keshani Hussein
Published: March 2017

As the field of digital humanities grows, scholars are translating and adapting their investigative processes to suit the digital environs. Questions about how digital technologies will enhance and transform historical scholarly reading practices have arisen, but they have not been extensively considered from the perspective of visual culture historians and less so from those working on select non-Western cultures. This paper approaches these questions from an Islamic and South Asian art historical perspective, mapping out the particularities of reading historical texts when conducting visual cultural research and considering the implications for the development of future digital research tools.
Move Over: Learning to Read (and Write) with Novel Technology
Authors: O'Donnell Daniel
Published: March 2017

This article examines how novel technology affects readers’ understanding of digital objects. It begins by examining some recent scandals involving digitally manipulated photographs and argues that some of the uproar stems from the novelty of the techniques used in the manipulation, rather than the manipulation itself. It then explores some of the challenges in using novel technology to mediate the representation of historical objects in scholarly form. The article concludes with some thoughts on early experiments with the objects of the Visionary Cross project, a digital edition of a collection of objects belonging to the Anglo-Saxon “Visionary Cross” tradition.
Fluid Layering: Reimagining digital literary archives through dynamic, user-generated content
Authors: Saklofske Jon
Published: March 2017

This article promotes a theoretical evolution in the conceptualisation and operation of digital literary archives via NewRadial, a prototype archive application that models the following distinction: Whereas a digital edition continues to function as a primary source, the root of a secondary discourse field much like its print-based predecessor, the digital archive should be reconceived as a broader, active, dynamic public record, an information commons that substantiates a foundational collection of primary texts with a continuous aggregation of critical contexts and conversations that grow from that foundation.
Understanding the Social Edition Through Iterative Implementation: The Case of the Devonshire MS (BL Add MS 17492)
Authors: Crompton Constance , Arbuckle Alyssa , Siemens Raymond
Published: March 2017

This article reports on the ongoing social edition-building process.  Using the social edition of the Devonshire Manuscript as a case study, the authors assess the scholarly potential of editing in public with contributions and feedback from the existing knowledge communities surrounding Wikibooks, Wikipedia, Twitter, and other social media spaces. Working at the intersection of academic and social media culture, they share the feedback of their advisory board, Twitter followers, and Wikipedia editors.
What Kind of Scientist Are You? Science and Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Wiersma Yolanda F
Published: March 2017

Scientific research that crosses disciplinary boundaries (“interdisciplinary research”) – and in particular, research that crosses academic boundaries to engage with industry, government and non-government agencies, and the broader public – can be rewarding personally and yield novel approaches and findings. While the scholarly literature suggests that interdisciplinary approaches are of immense value, interdisciplinary research carries challenges to academics, particularly in terms of funding and in relation to finding an academic “home.” In this article, the author outlines what is meant by interdisciplinary research and reflects on her career leading from graduate school to tenure. She illustrates how the interdisciplinary projects she has been involved in have been both rewarding and challenging. While not every scientist must be interdisciplinary, she concludes that being open to such an approach has many advantages.La recherche scientifique qui dépasse les frontières disciplinaires (la recherche « interdisciplinaire ») —et, particulièrement, celle qui dépasse les frontières académiques pour s’engager avec l’industrie, les agences gouvernementales et nongouvernementales et le public—peuvent être personnellement enrichissantes et engendrer de nouvelles approches et résultats. Même si la littérature académique indique que les approches interdisciplinaires ont beaucoup de mérite, la recherche interdisciplinaire pose des défis aux universitaires, notamment par rapport à l’obtention de subventions et la possibilité de trouver un chez-soi académique. Dans cet article, l’auteure décrit ce que l’on entend par recherche interdisciplinaire et réfléchit sur son propre parcours, des études supérieures à la titularisation. Elle montre ainsi comment les projets interdisciplinaires auxquels elle a participé ont été à la fois enrichissants et stimulants pour elle. Elle conclut que, bien que chaque savant ne doive pas être interdisciplinaire, être ouvert à une telle approche a plusieurs avantages.
Exploding, Centralizing and Reimagining: Critical Scholarship Refracted Through the NewRadial Prototype
Authors: Saklofske Jon
Published: March 2017

This paper discusses the ways that INKE's Modelling and Prototyping team is extending the NewRadial prototype environment to re-present print-based monographs and journals, while enabling new layers and patterning opportunities for those existing forms of scholarship. NewRadial will also be modified to explore, support and encourage digital-born forms of scholarship that retain print-based affordances, but which organize argumentation differently (i.e. linked and layered mind maps, concept maps or flow charts). Through this, we are modelling different types of social aggregation within centralized workspaces to counter the isolation and scattered dialogues that often result from print-based distribution.
Touch Here to Begin: Paper Interfaces and Legible Circuits
Authors: Wizinsky Matthew
Published: March 2017

An exploration of methods for interfacing paper objects with computers and micro-processors to blend printed and digital media within learning environments. Experimentation with conductive inks has shaped a new area of typographic exploration that seeks to blend the constraints of drawing functional circuits with the creation of new forms of legible letters. Touch a letter to trigger projected textual documents or videos. Trace the words on the page with your fingertip to expand a collection of digital media.
Unlocking the digital crypt: Exploring a framework for cryptographic reading and writing
Authors: DuPont Quinn
Published: March 2017

This article argues that we should take seriously Friedrich Kittler’s suggestion that we now live in a post-writing world. It is argued that much of this transition is due to the shift towards cryptographic writing. Shawn Rosenheim’s Cryptographic Imagination is briefly analyzed and critiqued; teasing out the many conceptual themes of that Rosenheim presents this article offers critique and analysis of this important work. As a way of rebuilding Rosenheim’s analysis, an original conceptualization of cryptography is also briefly sketched. Returning to Kittler’s suggestion, it is concluded that cryptographic writing performs an ordering role in our control society.
Engaged Queer Scholarship: Probing a New Paradigm of Knowledge Creation
Authors: Mulé Nick , Lowik A.J. , Teixeira Rob , Hudler Richard , Hader Davina
Published: March 2017

This article features a reflexive iteration of engaged scholarship regarding the Queer Liberation Theory Project, a community-based research study with the social justice group Queer Ontario, which involves academics, activists, and artists, a number of whom are cross affiliated. We explore the tensions and challenges involved in developing and creating knowledge via an engaged scholarship process that must respect the historical philosophical perspectives of a social movement as well as today’s academic theories. This article addresses the challenges of developing new knowledge (a theory) that counters a powerful, neoliberal, mainstream segment of today’s lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) movements, with implications for society at large. The layered issues associated with engaged scholarship are disentangled, including vulnerability to neoliberalism, navigating competing perspectives, and how academics/activists/artists both understand and engage in knowledge creation.
A Good Idea, a Difficult Reality: Toward a Publisher/Library Open Access Partnership
Authors: Lorimer Rowland
Published: March 2017

In principle, open access is accepted by all of academe. In practice, the lack of understanding on the part of scholars and librarians of the value that publishers add, which leads to the belief that content is the main determinant of value and usage, stands in the way of implementation. To maximize the value of research in an exploding, information-rich environment by commanding the attention of key users, publishers require sufficient revenue to add value in all publishing functions, from professional editing and layout through to strategic marketing and planning. Value maximization also requires research into review and acceptance dynamics and the nature of accessing and using published research.
Research Collaboration as “Layers of Engagement”: INKE in Year Four
Authors: Siemens Lynne
Published: March 2017

Many academic teams and granting agencies undergo a process of reflection at a project’s completion to understand lessons learned and develop best practice guidelines.  These reviews focus on the actual research work accomplished with little discussion of the relationships and processes involved. As a result, some hard-earned lessons are forgotten or minimized. To address, the Implementing New Knowledge Environments (INKE) project provides an opportunity to explore the changing nature of collaboration over a long-term project’s life. Now at the fourth year, team members reflect on the deepening and strengthening collaboration, with layers of engagement between the various individuals and sub-research areas, which has translated into productivity and external validation of the collaboration and its work. The article concludes with recommendations for other teams.
Developing an Open, Networked Peer Review System
Authors: Belojevic Nina
Published: March 2017

Using the Personas for Open, Networked Peer Review project as a case study, this paper discusses how best practices from creative technology-development contexts, such as agile development, can be applied in digital humanities projects.