bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typography in the Context of Form and Meaning in Art and Space Design
Authors: KIRCA Mustafa , ULUÇAY Nilay ÖZSAVAŞ
Published: January 2023

Tipografi sözel ifadenin görsel kodlarını oluşturmuş ve zaman içinde evrilerek kendi alanında bugünkü haline ulaşmıştır. Ayrıca tipografi sadece grafik alanı ile sınırlı kalmayarak sanat ve tasarım alanlarında eserin bir ögesi olarak
yerini aldığı görülmektedir. Özellikle çağdaş sanatta ifade aracı olarak tipografinin kullanımı, kavramsal sanatta sanatçının mesajı iletme biçimi olarak yer almaktadır. Diğer sanat ve tasarım alanlarında da tipografi ve yazının
eserin bir parçası hatta bazen kendisini oluşturduğu görülmekte ve bunun sonucu olarak tipografinin sanat ve tasarım alanlarıyla olan ilişkisi ve birbirleri ile olan etkileşimi bu çalışma kapsamında incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın
amacı, tipografinin sanat ve tasarım disiplinleri içindeki kullanıma bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan sonuçların irdelenmesidir ve çalışmanın kapsamı özellikle mekân tasarımında benzer kullanımları ile sınırlı tutulmuştur. Böylece mekânın
çağdaş sanattaki yeni rolü ile tipografi ilişkisini karşılıklı incelemek hedeflenmiştir. Yöntem olarak, betimsel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Konu ile ilgili literatür taraması yapılarak, veriler nitel analiz yöntemiyle örnekler
üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Tipografinin sanat ve tasarımda bir öge olmasının yanı sıra, kavram olarak nasıl yer aldığı araştırılmış, bu disiplinler içerisindeki dönüşümü gözlemlenerek elde edilen bulgular karşılaştırılmıştır.
Ortaya çıkan sonuçla tipografinin bu alanlardaki kullanımlarında anlamlı benzerlikler bulunduğu görülmüştür. Birbirlerinden bağımsız düşünülemeyen sanat ve tasarım alanları içinde tipografinin eserin kendisine dönüşen yapısının
algı ve anlam ilişkisi içinde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Shaman Figures in Adalıkuzu Petroglyphs of Güdül District, Ankara
Authors: GÖKTÜRK Başaran Doğu
Published: January 2023

Sanatın başlangıcı kabul edilen eserler içerisinde sayılan kaya resimleri, bazı insan toplulukları tarafından bir gelenek olarak yapımı yüzyıllarca devam ettirilmiştir. Meydana getirilen ilk resimlerin konusunu ağırlıklı biçimde hayvan
figürleri oluştursa da, zaman içerisinde antropomorfik veya zoomorfik şeklinde tüm dünya literatürüne geçen ve genel olarak “şaman” kabul edilen figürler resimler içinde kendisine yer bulmuştur. Şaman tasvirleri boyar maddelerle
meydana getirilmiş resimler haricinde, kaya yüzeyinin şekillendirilmesiyle oluşturulan petrogliflerde daha yoğun biçimde uygulanmıştır. İşte bu petrogliflerin bir bölümü Ankara’nın Güdül ilçesi kırsalında da tespit edilmiştir.
Bölgedeki petroglifler içerisinde insan, süvari, aslan, at, geyik, keçi, kurt vb. hayvan türlerinin yanında, bitki/ağaç, damga, şekil, yazıt vb. farklı şekildeki birçok betimlemeyle birlikte şaman figürleri de bulunmaktadır. Adalıkuzu
idari sınırlarına giren üç kaya resim alanı içerisinde bulunan, kıyafetleri ve gövde duruşları, uzuvlarının şekli, ellerinde tuttukları davul/tef, tokmak benzeri nesnelerden hareketle şaman olarak tanımladığımız tasvirler bu çalışmanın
konusunu oluşturur. Yayın içerisinde, tasvirlerin münferit fotoğrafları, ölçekli çizimleri ve detaylı açıklamaları envanter numaralarıyla birlikte verilmiştir. Ardından şaman figürlerinin benzer örnekleri, Şamanizm inancına has
coğrafyalar kabul edilen Türkistan (Orta Asya) coğrafyası başta olmak üzere, ülkemiz sınırlarına komşu ülkelerdeki benzerleriyle ikonografileri ve teknikleri içerecek şekilde tahlil edilmiştir. Anadolu’daki Şamanizm öğelerinin
erken dönemlerden bu yana var olduğunu gösteren şaman tasvirlerinin nasıl ve ne zaman ve kimler tarafından yapılmış olabileceğine yönelik değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur. Adalıkuzudaki şaman tasvirleri ülkemiz sınırları içerisindeki
özgün ve sınırlı sayıdaki örnekler oluşturarak kaya resimleri litaretürüne önemli katkı sağlamış, şaman tasvirlerinin Sanat Tarihi açısından ne ifade ettiği ve şamanist inanca sahip toplulukların coğrafyamızda erken devirlerden
itibaren yaşadığını bizlere çalışma sonunda göstermiştir.
Giving Zangezur to Armenians by the Russians in History and Recent Developments
Authors: MUSTAFAYEV Beşir , SADIGOVA Nermin
Published: January 2023

One of the main reasons why the Russians supported Armenians was that the idea of racism among them started to increase. The Russians, who have had the opportunity, have used methods to provoke Armenians in both the Ottoman and Caucasus
against the Turks. The Zangezur and Karabakh events emerged as a result of the provocation of this racism. Zangezur was part of the Ganja Governorate from 1868 to 1917 during the Russian Empire. In 1918, there was a border disagreement
between the newly established Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia, especially in the Nakhchivan and Karabakh Regions. This dispute resulted in the invasion of Azerbaijan by the Bolshevik Red Army on 28 April 1920. In 1920 it was
declared that the Nakhchivan, Karabakh and Zangezur Regions were affiliated with Azerbaijan. However, this decision was soon reversed by the Russian administration. In the following months Nakhchivan and Karabakh came under the
control of Azerbaijan and Zangezur under the control of Armenians. Later, The Kafan, Gorus, Karakilise and Mehri districts of Zangezur were formally connected to Armenia by decision of the Soviets. This plan led to the creation
of an Armenian buffer zone between Azerbaijan and Turkey. Thus, the Nakhchivan line with other cities of Azerbaijan was broken. This geographical wall between Turkey and Azerbaijan has become stronger for the Russians. The road
between Turkey and the Turkish World has been disconnected. More than a hundred years, Turkey, Azerbaijan and the Turkish World's integration efforts have been disrupted. The victory of the Armenians encouraged them to produce
new theses and invaders a hundred years later. Karabakh was the last example of this.
Investigation of Postgraduate Theses Prepared in Turkey About People’s Houses, Non-formal Education Institutions of the Early Republican Period
Authors: Halil DOĞAN İbrahim , AYDIN Mesut
Published: January 2023

Araştırmada, Erken Cumhuriyet döneminin yaygın bir eğitim kurumu olan Halkevleri ile ilgili Türkiye’de hazırlanan lisansüstü tezleri incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nitel bir yönteme sahip olup araştırma modeli olarak meta-sentez
modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 1932-1951 yılları arasında faaliyet gösteren Halkevleri ile ilgili Türkiye’de hazırlanan 121 tezden oluşmaktadır. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanına göre Türkiye’de bu konuda
ilk lisansüstü tez çalışması 1990 yılında hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu belirlenirken ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi seçilmiştir. Araştırmada, veri toplama aracı olarak da doküman analizi tekniği tercih edilmiştir. Yüksek
Öğretim Kurumu (YÖK) Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanında Halkevleri ile ilgili Türkiye’de hazırlanan tezler incelenmiş ve bu tezlerden yayımlanma izni bulunmayanların içeriğine ise İnönü Üniversitesi Kütüphane ve Dokümantasyon Daire
Başkanlığı aracılığıyla erişilmiştir. Araştırmadaki verilerin analizinde, betimsel analiz (tümdengelimci) tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler, tezlerin içeriği dikkate alınarak amaç, yöntem-model, örneklem,
veri toplama aracı ve sonuç yönünden beş kategoride değerlendirilerek araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde de her bir tez detaylıca incelenerek ilgili kategori kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmada kullanılan
her bir tez için kronolojik sıra dikkate alınarak A1, A2, A3 vd. şeklinde kodlama yapılmıştır. Birbirinden farklı il ve ilçelerdeki Halkevleri ve şubelerince yürütülen faaliyetlerle yayımlanan Halkevi dergilerine yönelik çalışmalar
incelendiğinde büyük bir çoğunluğunun benzer içerik, yöntem ve teknikle ele alındığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Ancient Period Jewelry-Jewelry Design Tools and Materials
Authors: GÜNEY Hilmi
Published: January 2023

İlk çağlardan günümüze kadar geçen sürede kuyum sanatı ve teknolojisi değiştiği gibi bu sanatın icra edildiği malzemeler de değişme ve gelişme göstermiştir. Kuyum-takı tasarım malzemelerinin bu yolculuğu her dönemde kadim medeniyetlerde
farklılık ya da benzerlik göstermiştir. Bu farklı malzeme keşiflerine; el yazması eserler (kitap, ikona, minyatür), duvar betimlemeleri (fresk, rölyef), arkeolojik kazılar ve aktarılmış mitolojik hikayeler aracılığıyla ulaşılmakta;
birbirinin alternatifi olan ve unutulan kuyum alet ve malzemeler ise yeniden keşfedilmeyi beklemektedir. Antik dönemlerde kabaca metalürji ve kimya modern bilimlerinin birleşmiş haline simya denilmektedir. Buna göre en eski simya
çalışmalarının günümüze kazandırdığı iki bilim de diyebiliriz. Başlangıçta belirli karışımlarla değerli altın madenini üretme amacıyla ortaya çıkan simyacılar bu yolculuklarında modern bilime yaptıkları katkının büyük olduğunu
görmekteyiz. En eski büyüler ve kutsal dini inanışların kullanıldığı simya çalışmaları bu iki modern bilime kapı aralamıştır. Binlerce yıldır kuyumculukta kullanılan maden ve metallerin kimyasal çalışmalarla farklı alaşımlar elde
edilmesi ve bu sürecin insanlık tarihi boyunca devam ediyor oluşu alternatif kuyum malzemelerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Kullanılan kuyum işleme ve takı tasarım aletleri, dönemin teknolojik imkanlarına bağlı olarak işlenen malzeme
yüzeyinin sertliğinden/mukavemetinden daha yüksek yine benzer malzemelerden üretilmiştir. Kuyumculuk yüzey işleme/süsleme aletlerinin üretiminde bu temel prensip günümüzde de değişmemiştir. Kuyum işlemeciliğinin her döneminde kullanılan
aletler ve malzemeler aynı zamanda yeni kuyumculuk tekniklerinin doğmasına ve gelişmesine de sebep olmuştur. Kuyumculuk mesleği bu bağlamda eski tekniklerin halen yenilenerek sürdürülüyor olması, diğer meslek dallarındaki gibi
yok olmaya yüz tutan bir meslek dalı asla olmayacağının da göstergesidir. Mezopotamya, Antik Mısır, Antik Yunan, Anadolu, Hint ve Orta Asya simyası ve günümüzde en çok bilgi sahibi olduğumuz Avrupa simya çalışmaları sırasında ortaya
çıkan alaşımlar kuyumculuk alanında malzemeye dönüşmüştür. Bu yayında alternatif kuyumculuk-takı tasarım malzemeleri için eski medeniyetlerin metalürji ve kimya bilimleri üzerine çalışmalara ulaşılmaya çalışılmış, günümüz modern
kuyum-takı tasarımı alet ve malzemeleriyle kıyaslanmıştır.
Gender and Space in Turkish Cinema from the 90's to the Present
Authors: DÜNDAR TÜRKKAN Vildan , YILDIZ Pelin
Published: January 2023

Toplumsal cinsiyetin ne olduğu, bu kavramın hayatımızda ne şekilde yer aldığı günümüzde çokça tartışılan bir konudur. Kişiye yüklenen ve toplumsal etkileşim yoluyla düzenlenen sosyal roller olarak karşımıza çıkan “toplumsal cinsiyet”
kavramı, toplumdan etkilendiği kadar toplumu da etkilemektedir. Toplumda üstlenilen roller, bu role dair pratikler ve temsiliyet, kişinin bulunduğu toplumla olan ilişkisinde kilit roldedir. Kişi toplumun kendisine biçtiği rolü
üstlendiği ve sürdürdüğü oranda toplum tarafından kabul edilir ve toplumun bir parçası olur. Bu durum kişiyi olduğu kadar yaşadığı çevreyi de etkiler, değiştirir ve dönüştürür. Bu bağlamda toplumsal değerlerle şekillenen “mekan”
kişilerin üstlendiği toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin de somut yansımalarının okunabileceği bir kaynak olarak karşımıza çıkar. Toplumsal olarak nerede görüldüğümüz, bir anlamda hangi mekanla ilişkilendirildiğimizle de doğru orantılıdır
denebilir. Bazı mekanların kimlerin deneyimine açık olduğunu veya ne şekilde deneyimlenebileceği, o mekanda kimin temsil edilip edilmediği toplumsal değerleri açık şekilde yansıtır. Toplumsal cinsiyet kalıplarıyla şekillenen kullanımı,
mekanların da cinsiyetlenmesi ve doğal olarak da toplumsal cinsiyet farklılıklarını sürdürmesine neden olur. Mekanla kurduğumuz bu ilişki günlük hayatımızı şekillendirir. Bu anlamda sinema filmleri üretildiği toplumun sosyal, ekonomik
ve kültürel yapısına dair günlük hayat pratiklerinin gözlenmesi için sürekli güncellenen aktif bir araştırma alanı sağlar. Toplumsal cinsiyet ve sinema ilişkisinin mekan bağlamında karşılıklarının aranması ve elde edilecek verilerin
mevcut literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşüncesi bu çalışmayı yapmaktaki çıkış noktasıdır. Bu bağlamda, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine dair performansların sergilendiği, özümsendiği ve sorgulandığı bir alan olarak da karşımıza çıkan
sinema filmlerinde, toplumsal cinsiyet ve mekan ilişkisi analiz edilmiştir. Filmlerde kullanılan tüm mekanlarda kadın ve erkek karakterlerin özel ve kamusal alan başlıkları altında “mekanda bulunma” ve “mekanda temsil edilme” durumları
incelenmiş ve toplumsal cinsiyet ve mekan ilişkisinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır.
On the Path Analysis Techniques and Decomposition of Correlation Coefficients
Authors: Awogbemi C. A. , Alagbe S. A. , Oloda F. S. S.
Published: January 2023

Path analysis is an extension of multiple regression technique used to evaluate causal model by examining the relationship among a set of variables. The process of decomposition of path correlation coefficients and estimation of path coefficients was investigated in this work. The outcome of a set of interrelated variables was generated using path diagrams and path coefficients. Decomposition of correlation coefficients into different effects was also carried out through the method of structural equations using path analysis theorem. In order to show the proportion of total variation of the dependent variable, the decision coefficient of a specified pathway was constructed from direct coefficient of determination. The path coefficients were estimated from the specified structural equations by ordinary least squares regression method, and it was deduced that each of the coefficients of determination had large effect on some other variables.
Review on Various Regeneration Techniques in Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus spp.)
Authors: Borchetia Anurag , Neog Manoranjan , Dutta Shourov
Published: January 2023

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.)  is a recently introduced super fruit in India, gaining popularity both in the rural and urban areas because of its attractive colour, delicious taste, high nutritive and medicinal values. It is adaptable to humid as well as semi-arid tropical and subtropical conditions. The growing acceptability of the fruit along with its immense antioxidants and medicinal properties has led to high demand of its cultivation followed  quality planting materials in desired quantity. Dragon fruit can be propagated by various ways both sexually via seeds as well as asexually via stem cuttings, grafting and also via micropropagation. In this review various methods of propagation of dragon fruit are described along with some propagation aspects related to dragon fruit on which very limited information is available. Potential areas on dragon fruit propagation that require further research to generate more data in order to improve the techniques are also discussed.
An Appraisal of Fertility Status of Problem Soils of Tiruchirappalli District in Cauvery Delta Zone, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Pal Sanish Kumar , Thilagavathi T. , Rathika S. , Alagesan A. , Meena S.
Published: January 2023

Soil fertility is an important factor for plant growth and has a global impact on both developed and developing countries. The present investigation was carried out on soil fertility status of farm in ADAC&RI, Trichy which comes under the Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu. The pH value indicates that ADAC&RI farm soils are very strongly alkaline in nature. The rating of electrical conductivity was normal with values ranging from 0.16 – 0.72 dS m-1. The farm soil was low in available nitrogen, medium to high in available phosphorus and potassium. The average organic carbon content was low in the farm soil with values of 4.09 and 4.33 g kg-1 in A and D block, respectively. The available sulphur content of the farm was recorded as sufficient. This study clearly shows that, most of the soil nutrients in the ADAC&RI, farm was found to be low and need proper management practices to improve the soil quality for better crop production. The present investigation reveals the effect of sodicity on the status of available nutrients in soil.
Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Kosakonia radicincitans to Stimulate Wheat Growth in Saline Soil
Authors: Ali Amal A. , El-Kholy Aziza S.
Published: January 2023

Among abiotic stresses, salinity is a significant limiting factor affecting agricultural productivity, survival, and production, resulting in significant economic losses. The goal of this study was to isolate and characterize the endophytic Kosakonia radicincitans bacteria and their plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities to determine the effect of its inoculation on wheat plants under salinity stress conditions. One endophytic bacterial isolate was obtained from root nodules of faba bean (Vicia faba) plants grown in the salt-affected clay soil of Egypt. The isolate was identified and characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This isolate Was phylogenetically related to Kosakonia radicincitans strain DSM 16656 with accession number OM980222.1. The isolate was evaluated for its ability to promote plant growth in vitro. Results revealed that the bacterial isolate of Kosakonia radicincitans produced indole-3-acetic acid (40.44 μgml-1) and exopolysaccharides (14.2 g/L), fixed nitrogen and could solubilize phosphate and potassium (273 mg/L and 42.8 μg/ml) respectively. In a field trial, this bacterial isolate reduced proline, and showed the best results for chlorophyll, grain yield, and 100-grain weight of wheat plants grown in the salt-affected soil as compared to the control plants. Wheat plants may benefit from the use of Kosakonia radicincitans as biofertilizers in sustainable farming techniques. Additional research in this area can support our findings.
Theory of Atom Formation
Authors: Abdullahi Mustapha Umar
Published: January 2023

The theory’s aim is to explain the ideal science of atom formation. In the process of building atom by subatomic particles, at initial stage, both the positive and negative charged particles must make contact with neutrally charged particles in separate each and form posneu and negneu contacts respectively. With the aid of aiding factor(s), each contact will undergo massive leading movement of particles to form protal zone and electral zone for posneu and negneu contacts respectively. The neutral zone forms between the above mention zones. The interaction among all the three zones will bring about the formation of neutralia which further affected by electromagnetic force to participate in nuclear formation. When nucleus formed, changes and transformations of neutral zone will continue happening in sequential order of orbatalia, orba thread, orba and shell. After the arrangement of electrons, the resultant structural material is called atom.
Achieving Low‐Voltage Operation of Intrinsically‐Stretchable Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Han Shin Jung , Zhou Huanyu , Kwon Hyeokjun , Woo Seung‐Je , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: January 2023

A minimum operating voltage of intrinsically‐stretchable organic light‐emitting diodes (ISOLEDs) is always required for practical applications. However, the lack of protocols for the lamination complicates the task of attaining a reliable ISOLED without inducing degradation. Here, a solvent‐vapor‐assisted lamination (SVAL) method to reinforce the cathode interface is presented; this process lowers the operation voltage and increases the stretchability of ISOLEDs. Achieving a uniform contact and strong adhesion at the interface is the key to attaining reliable lamination. A cold‐pressing (CP) treatment is applied first to reduce the surface roughness of silver nanowires before the surface embedding process. A subsequent solvent vapor treatment before the lamination partially solvated the surface of the active layer with an increase in the segmental motion of polymer chains, which substantially increases the interfacial adhesion after lamination. The combination of CP and SVAL treatments considerably reduces threshold voltage Vth (i.e., voltage at which current shows an abrupt increase for light‐emission) from 6.7 to 2.7 V. The ISOLED also exhibts excellent mechanical stretchability, with no significant change in luminance under 30% strain. This study can assist in the development of practical applications of intrinsically‐stretchable optoelectronic devices.
Ni3S2–Ni Hybrid Nanospheres with Intra‐Core Void Structure Encapsulated in N‐Doped Carbon Shells for Efficient and Stable K‐ion Storage
Authors: Yu Xiangtao , Ren Xiangyu , Yuan Zhangfu , Hou Xinmei , Yang Tao , Wang Mingyong
Published: January 2023

Iron group metals chalcogenides, especially NiS, are promising candidates for K‐ion battery anodes due to their high theoretical specific capacity and abundant reserves. However, the practical application of NiS‐based anodes is hindered by slow electrochemical kinetics and unstable structure. Herein, a novel structure of Ni3S2–Ni hybrid nanosphere with intra‐core voids encapsulated by N‐doped carbon shells (Ni3S2‐Ni@NC‐AE) is constructed, based on the first electrodeposited NiS nanosphere particles, dopamine coating outer layer, oxygen‐free annealing treatment to form Ni3S2‐Ni core and N‐doped carbon shell, and selective etching of the Ni phase to form intra‐core void. The electron/K+ transport and K+ storage reaction kinetics are enhanced due to shortened diffusion pathways, increased active sites, generation of built‐in electric field, high K+ adsorption energies, and large electronic density of states at Fermi energy level, resulting from the multi‐structures synergistic effect of Ni3S2‐Ni@NC‐AE. Simultaneously, the volume expansion is alleviated due to the sufficient buffer space and strong chemical bonding provided by intra‐core void and yolk–shell structure. Consequently, the Ni3S2‐Ni@NC‐AE exhibits excellent specific capacity (438 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 up to 150 cycles), outstanding rate performances, and ultra‐stable long‐cycle performance (176.4 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 up to 5000 cycles) for K‐ion storage.
Control of the Crystallization and Phase Separation Kinetics in Sequential Blade‐Coated Organic Solar Cells by Optimizing the Upper Layer Processing Solvent
Authors: Wang Yilin , Xue Jingwei , Zhong Huaying , Everett Christopher R. , Jiang Xinyu , Reus Manuel A. , Chumakov Andrei , Roth Stephan V. , Adedeji Michael A. , Jili Ncedo , Zhou Ke , Lu Guanghao , Tang Zheng , Mola Genene Tessema , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Ma Wei
Published: January 2023

Sequential deposition of the active layer in organic solar cells (OSCs) is favorable to circumvent the existing drawbacks associated with controlling the microstructure in bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) device fabrication. However, how the processing solvents impact on the morphology during sequential deposition processes is still poorly understood. Herein, high‐efficiency OSCs are fabricated by a sequential blade coating (SBC) through optimization of the morphology evolution process induced by processing solvents. It is demonstrated that the device performance is highly dependent on the processing solvent of the upper layer. In situ morphology characterizations reveal that an obvious liquid–solid phase separation can be identified during the chlorobenzene processing of the D18 layer, corresponding to larger phase separation. During chloroform (CF) processing of the D18 layer, a proper aggregation rate of Y6 and favorable intermixing of lower and upper layers results in the enhanced crystallinity of the acceptor. This facilitates efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport with an inhibited charge recombination in the D18/CF‐based devices, contributing to a superior performance of 17.23%. These results highlight the importance of the processing solvent for the upper layer in the SBC strategy and suggest the great potential of achieving optimized morphology and high‐efficiency OSCs using the SBC strategy.
Overall and complication‐free survival in a large cohort of patients with β‐thalassemia major followed over 50 years
Authors: Forni Gian Luca , Gianesin Barbara , Musallam Khaled M. , Longo Filomena , Rosso Rosamaria , Lisi Roberto , Gamberini Maria Rita , Pinto Valeria Maria , Graziadei Giovanna , Vitucci Angelantonio , Bonetti Federico , Musto Pellegrino , Piga Antonio , Cappellini Maria Domenica , Borgna‐Pignatti Caterina ,   the Webthal® project
Published: January 2023

We report data on survival and complications for a longitudinal cohort of 709 transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassemia major patients (51.1% males) born between 1970 and 1997 and followed through 2020 at seven major centers in Italy. Overall survival probability at 30 years was 83.6% (95%CI: 78.5–89.1) in the oldest birth cohort (1970–1974) compared with 93.3% (95%CI: 88.6–98.3) in the youngest birth cohort (1985–1997) (p = 0.073). Females showed better survival than males (p = 0.022). There were a total of 93 deaths at a median age of 23.2 years with the most frequent disease‐related causes being heart disease (n = 53), bone marrow transplant (BMT) complication (n = 10), infection (n = 8), liver disease (n = 4), cancer (n = 3), thromboembolism (n = 2) and severe anemia (n = 1). There was a steady decline in the number of deaths due to heart disease from the year 2000 onwards and no death from BMT was observed after the year 2010. A progressive decrease in the median age of BMT was observed in younger birth cohorts (p < 0.001). A total of 480 (67.7%) patients developed ≥1 complication. Patients in younger birth cohorts demonstrated better complication‐free survival (p < 0.001) which was comparable between sexes (p = 0.230). Independent risk factors for death in multivariate analysis included heart disease (HR: 4.63, 95%CI: 1.78–12.1, p = 0.002), serum ferritin >1000 ng/mL (HR: 15.5, 95%CI: 3.52–68.2, p < 0.001), male sex (HR: 2.75, 95%CI: 0.89–8.45, p = 0.078), and splenectomy (HR: 6.97, 95%CI: 0.90–54.0, p < 0.063). Survival in patients with β‐thalassemia major continues to improve with adequate access to care, best practice sharing, continued research, and collaboration between centers.
Lithium‐ion Mobility in Li6B18(Li3N) and Li Vacancy Tuning in the Solid Solution Li6B18(Li3N)1−x(Li2O)x
Authors: Restle Tassilo M. F. , Scherf Lavinia , Dums Jasmin V. , Mutschke Alexander G. , Spranger Robert J. , Kirchhain Holger , Karttunen Antti J. , van Wüllen Leo , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: January 2023

All‐solid‐state batteries are promising candidates for safe energy‐storage systems due to non‐flammable solid electrolytes and the possibility to use metallic lithium as an anode. Thus, there is a challenge to design new solid electrolytes and to understand the principles of ion conduction on an atomic scale. We report on a new concept for compounds with high lithium ion mobility based on a rigid open‐framework boron structure. The host–guest structure Li6B18(Li3N) comprises large hexagonal pores filled with
Li7N] strands that represent a perfect cutout from the structure of α‐Li3N. Variable‐temperature 7Li NMR spectroscopy reveals a very high Li mobility in the template phase with a remarkably low activation energy below 19 kJ mol−1 and thus much lower than pristine Li3N. The formation of the solid solution of Li6B18(Li3N) and Li6B18(Li2O) over the complete compositional range allows the tuning of lithium defects in the template structure that is not possible for pristine Li3N and Li2O.
Urethanasen für die enzymatische Hydrolyse niedermolekularer Carbamate und das Recycling von Polyurethanen
Authors: Branson Yannick , Söltl Simone , Buchmann Carolin , Wei Ren , Schaffert Lena , Badenhorst Christoffel P. S. , Reisky Lukas , Jäger Gernot , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: January 2023

Enzymatischer Abbau und Recycling können die Umweltbelastung durch Plastik reduzieren. Trotz jahrzehntelanger Forschung wurde bisher nicht über Enzyme für die effiziente Hydrolyse von Polyurethanen berichtet. Während die Hydrolyse von Esterbindungen in Polyester‐Polyurethanen durch Cutinasen bekannt ist, blieben die Urethanbindungen in Polyether‐Polyurethanen für biokatalytische Hydrolyse bislang unzugänglich. Wir berichten hier über die Entdeckung von Urethanasen in einer Metagenombibliothek, erstellt aus einer Bodenprobe, welche Polyurethanabfall für viele Jahre ausgesetzt war. Wir demonstrieren weiterhin die Anwendung einer Urethanase in einem chemo‐enzymatischen Prozess zum Polyurethan‐Recycling. Diese Urethanase hydrolysiert niedermolekulare Dicarbamate, welche aus der chemischen Glykolyse von Polyether‐Polyurethanschaum entstehen, was diese Strategie breit anwendbar auf diverse Polyether‐Polyurethan Abfälle macht.
Double Asymmetric Core Optimizes Crystal Packing to Enable Selenophene‐based Acceptor with Over 18 % Efficiency in Binary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Xin , An Qiaoshi , Zhang Heng , Yang Can , Mahmood Asif , Jiang Mengyun , Jee Min Hun , Fu Bin , Tian Shiyu , Woo Han Young , Wang Yapei , Wang Jin‐Liang
Published: January 2023

Side‐chain tailoring is a promising method to optimize the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, asymmetric alkyl chain‐based small molecular acceptors (SMAs) are still difficult to afford. Herein, we adopted a novel asymmetricn‐nonyl/undecyl substitution strategy and synthesized two A‐D1A′D2‐A double asymmetric isomeric SMAs with asymmetric selenophene‐based central core for OSCs. Crystallographic analysis indicates thatAYT9Se11‐Clforms a more compact and order intermolecular packing compared toAYT11Se9‐Cl, which contributed to higher electron mobility in neatAYT9Se11‐Clfilm. Moreover, thePM6 : AYT9Se11‐Clblend film shows a better morphology with appropriate phase separation and distinct face‐on orientation thanPM6 : AYT11Se9‐Cl. The OSCs withPM6 : AYT9Se11‐Clobtain a superior PCE of 18.12 % compared toPM6 : AYT11Se9‐Cl(17.52 %), which is the best efficiency for the selenium‐incorporated SMAs in binary BHJ OSCs. Our findings elucidate that the promising double asymmetric strategy with isomeric alkyl chains precisely modulates the crystal packing and enhances the photovoltaic efficiency of selenophene‐incorporated SMAs.
Light Alters the NH3 vs N2H4 Product Profile in Iron‐catalyzed Nitrogen Reduction via Dual Reactivity from an Iron Hydrazido (Fe=NNH2) Intermediate
Authors: Garrido‐Barros Pablo , Chalkley Matthew J. , Peters Jonas C.
Published: January 2023

Whereas synthetically catalyzed nitrogen reduction (N2R) to produce ammonia is widely studied, catalysis to instead produce hydrazine (N2H4) has received less attention despite its considerable mechanistic interest. Herein, we disclose that irradiation of a tris(phosphine)borane (P3B) Fe catalyst, P3BFe+, significantly alters its product profile to increase N2H4 versus NH3; P3BFe+ is otherwise known to be highly selective for NH3. We posit a key terminal hydrazido intermediate, P3BFe=NNH2, as selectivity‐determining. Whereas its singlet ground state undergoes protonation to liberate NH3, a low‐lying triplet excited state leads to reactivity at Nα and formation of N2H4. Associated electrochemical and spectroscopic studies establish that N2H4 lies along a unique product pathway; NH3 is not produced from N2H4. Our findings are distinct from the canonical mechanism for hydrazine formation, which proceeds via a diazene (HN=NH) intermediate and showcase light as a tool to tailor selectivity.
Regulating Frozen Electrolyte Structure with Colloidal Dispersion for Low Temperature Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Nian Qingshun , Sun Tianjiang , Li Yecheng , Jin Song , Liu Shuang , Luo Xuan , Wang Zihong , Xiong Bing‐Qing , Cui Zhuangzhuang , Ruan Digen , Ji Hengxing , Tao Zhanliang , Ren Xiaodi
Published: January 2023

Electrolyte freezing under low temperatures is a critical challenge for the development of aqueous batteries (ABs). While lowering the freezing point of the electrolyte has caught major research efforts, limited attention has been paid to the structural evolution during the electrolyte freezing process and regulating the frozen electrolyte structure for low temperature ABs. Here, we reveal the formation process of interconnected liquid regions for ion transport in frozen electrolytes with various in situ variable‐temperature technologies. More importantly, the low‐temperature performance of ABs was significantly improved with the colloidal electrolyte design using graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), which effectively inhibits the growth of ice crystals and expands the interconnected liquid regions for facial ion transport. This work provides new insights and a promising strategy for the electrolyte design of low‐temperature ABs.
Urethanases for the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Low Molecular Weight Carbamates and the Recycling of Polyurethanes
Authors: Branson Yannick , Söltl Simone , Buchmann Carolin , Wei Ren , Schaffert Lena , Badenhorst Christoffel P. S. , Reisky Lukas , Jäger Gernot , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: January 2023

Enzymatic degradation and recycling can reduce the environmental impact of plastics. Despite decades of research, no enzymes for the efficient hydrolysis of polyurethanes have been reported. Whereas the hydrolysis of the ester bonds in polyester‐polyurethanes by cutinases is known, the urethane bonds in polyether‐polyurethanes have remained inaccessible to biocatalytic hydrolysis. Here we report the discovery of urethanases from a metagenome library constructed from soil that had been exposed to polyurethane waste for many years. We then demonstrate the use of a urethanase in a chemoenzymatic process for polyurethane foam recycling. The urethanase hydrolyses low molecular weight dicarbamates resulting from chemical glycolysis of polyether‐polyurethane foam, making this strategy broadly applicable to diverse polyether‐polyurethane wastes.
Elucidating Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Kinetics via Intermediates by Time‐Dependent Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Wu Kaiqing , Chen Ran , Zhou Zhixin , Chen Xinghua , Lv Yanqin , Ma Jin , Shen Yanfei , Liu Songqin , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: January 2023

Facile evaluation of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics for electrocatalysts is critical for sustainable fuel‐cell development and industrial H2O2 production. Despite great success in ORR studies using mainstream strategies, such as the membrane electrode assembly, rotation electrodes, and advanced surface‐sensitive spectroscopy, the time and spatial distribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) intermediates in the diffusion layer remain unknown. Using time‐dependent electrochemiluminescence (Td‐ECL), we report an intermediate‐oriented method for ORR kinetics analysis. Owing to multiple ultrasensitive stoichiometric reactions between ROS and the ECL emitter, except for electron transfer numbers and rate constants, the potential‐dependent time and spatial distribution of ROS were successfully obtained for the first time. Such exclusively uncovered information would guide the development of electrocatalysts for fuel cells and H2O2 production with maximized activity and durability.
Efficient preparation of hydrogen barrier films by ultrasonic‐assisted layer‐by‐layer assembly
Authors: Li Peng , Miao Congcong , Gao Kang , Xie Hongxue , Chen Kuo , Xie Tengteng , Zhao Shengchao , Sun Haixiang , Yang Xiujie , Hou Yingfei , Niu Q. Jason
Published: January 2023

Graphene oxide (GO) can be self‐assembled with various polymer materials layer by layer to prepare composite materials with excellent barrier properties. However, the process is cumbersome and time‐consuming. In this article, GO/polyethyleneimine(PEI) hydrogen barrier films were successfully prepared by ultrasonic‐assisted layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly technology. Results show that the ultrasonic‐assisted method not only reduced the immersion time from several minutes to 10 s, but also increased the density of the material packing to reduce the channels through which hydrogen molecules can diffuse while improving the horizontal orientation of the GO sheet to prolong the diffusion paths of gas molecules. Finally, the hydrogen transmission rate of 20‐bilayer films assembled under ultrasonic conditions is equivalent to that of 30‐bilayer films assembled without ultrasonic conditions, which greatly shortens the film‐making period. Therefore, the ultrasonic‐assisted method has a good prospect in the preparation of gas barrier films.
Comparing proteome changes involved in biofilm formation byStreptococcus mutansafter exposure to sucrose and starch
Authors: Rezaei Tohid , Kamounah Fadhil S. , Khodadadi Ehsaneh , Mehramouz Bahareh , Gholizadeh Pourya , Yousefi Leila , Ganbarov Khudaverdi , Ghotaslou Reza , Yousefi Mehdi , Asgharzadeh Mohammad , Eslami Hosein , Taghizadeh Sepehr , Pirzadeh Tahereh , Kafil Hossein Samadi
Published: January 2023

Streptococcus mutansis a main organism of tooth infections including tooth decay and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of sucrose and starch on biofilm formation and proteome profile ofS. mutansATCC 35668 strain. The biofilm formation was assessed by microtiter plating method. Changes in bacterial proteins after exposure to sucrose and starch carbohydrates were analyzed using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The biofilm formation ofS. mutanswas increased to 391.76% in 1% sucrose concentration, 165.76% in 1% starch, and 264.27% in the 0.5% sucrose plus 0.5% starch in comparison to biofilm formation in the media without sugars. The abundance of glutamines, adenylate kinase, and 50S ribosomal protein L29 was increased under exposure to sucrose. Upregulation of lactate utilization protein C, 5‐hydroxybenzimidazole synthase BzaA, and 50S ribosomal protein L16 was formed under starch exposure. Ribosome‐recycling factor, peptide chain release factor 1, and peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase MsrB were upregulated under exposure to sucrose in combination with starch. The results demonstrated that the carbohydrates increase microbial pathogenicity. In addition, sucrose and starch carbohydrates can induce biofilm formation ofS. mutansvia various mechanisms such as changes in the expression of special proteins.
Vitamin D and lactoferrin attenuate stress‐induced colitis in Wistar rats via enhancing AMPK expression with inhibiting mTOR–STAT3 signaling and modulating autophagy
Authors: Abdelmalak Marian F. L. , Abdelrahim Dina S. , George Michael Tari M. A. , Abdel‐Maksoud Omnia M. , Labib Jolly M. W.
Published: January 2023

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a global gastrointestinal disorder closely related to psychological stress exposure and local colonic inflammation. Herein, we investigated the effect of wrap‐restraint stress (WRS) on rat behavior, on adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase–mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin–signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (AMPK–mTOR–STAT3) signaling, and autophagy in colonic mucosa. The impact of chronic administration of vitamin D3 and lactoferrin was compared. Twenty‐four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Chronic WRS protocol was applied as a rodent model of IBS. Group I: naïve animals, Group II: WRS animals, Group III: WRS‐exposed and treated with vitamin D3 (500 IU/kg/day), and Group IV: WRS‐exposed and treated with lactoferrin (300 mg/kg/day). In this study, we found that chronic administration of each of vitamin D3 and lactoferrin resulted in a significant increase in social interaction test, interleukin‐10, AMPK, optical density of LC3B, goblet cell count and marked decrease in serum cortisol level, STAT3, inflammatory cell count, and optical density of mTOR in comparison to the WRS rats. Our findings suggest that both vitamin D3 and Lactoferrin could augment colonic autophagy through enhanced AMPK expression and inhibition of mTOR–STAT3 signaling, which offers practical insights into their clinical use in the prevention and therapy of IBS. However, lactoferrin intake as a nutritional supplement could be more helpful for stress‐induced colitis treatment than vitamin D3.
Pyrene‐Based Self‐Assembling Peptide for Ratiometric Detection of Heparin
Authors: Shao Liang , Yu Hongwen , Song Jiaqi , Liu Shichang , Li Guanying
Published: January 2023

Heparin is a commonly used anticoagulant in clinical practice; however, excessive heparin can cause serious adverse reactions. Convenient and accurate detection of heparin levels is thus very important. In this research, a pyrene‐based self‐assembling fluorescent peptide PyFFRRR was designed for simple, selective, and efficient heparin detection. The guanidine groups in the arginine residues of PyFFRRR bind tightly with heparin, which is highly sulfated, through electrostatic interactions. Charge neutralization facilitated the self‐assembly of PyFFRRR, resulting in its spectral response changing from deep blue monomer fluorescence to green excimer fluorescence. PyFFRRR exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity for ratiometric detection of heparin. The binding mechanism was investigated by using spectral and simulation tools, and structural observation. Finally, PyFFRRR was employed in human serum samples for ratiometric detection of heparin.
Palestinian Youth Engagement with Online Political Contents Shared by Citizen Journalists—The Case of Save Sheikh Jarrah
Authors: Yousef Rola Khalid
Published: January 2023

Initial research on online political activism reveals that new information and communication technologies (ICTs) have increasingly become a growing and supportive space for political participation, which has influenced the conception of political activism. Furthermore, ICTs have become a facilitator for the formation of online political networks and communities. The shocking images of young children killed in the latest genocidal onslaught by Israel against Gaza in 2021 and the clashes that broke out in Sheikh Jarrah and Al Aqsa Mosque dominated the global news and online media platforms. Online political activists, such as Muna El Kurd, who represents the phenomenon of “Citizen Journalism” in Palestine, took to the internet and social media channels to ardently express their discontentment about the unhumanitarian actions and human rights violations being committed. This article aims to map out the Palestinian youth engagement with online political content disseminated by Muna El Kurd' Instagram and Twitter accounts, by employing an empirical approach using a quantitative research method to collect primary data while relying on the literature review to discuss in‐depth online activism and the concept of Citizen Journalism in the Middle East. An online survey, in Arabic language, was conducted following the simple random sampling technique, targeting one hundred college‐educated and technologically advanced Palestinian youth respondents (18–29 years old). The data collected was used to examine and address specific research questions related to what information sources the youth use to acquire political information and to what extent they rely on social media platforms belonging to citizen journalists. The study concluded that Palestinian youth participate in many online activities and rely on social media platforms for information; their interests and knowledge of politics are growing; the surveyed youth in Palestine are highly interested in political matters and are moderate participants in online political discussions.
Spin Crossover Behavior of FeII Complexes Bridged by Thiophene‐Functionalized Triazole Ligands with Different Sizes and Rigidities
Authors: Yuan Hao , Wo Jian‐Gang , Yue Zheng , Yu Hua‐Bing , Wang Wen‐Ping , Wang Di
Published: January 2023

Four thiophene functionalized triazole ligands (L1=4‐(thenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole, L2=4‐(thiophene ethyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole, L3=N‐Thiophenylidene‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐4‐amine, and L4=(4‐[(E)‐2‐(5‐sulfothiophene)vinyl]‐1,2,4‐triazole) were synthesized. These ligands have different lengths and rigidities, while ligand L4 has a sulfonic acid group that can form a hydrogen bond. Five 1D FeII chain complexes were synthesized: [Fe(L1)3](X)2 ⋅ nH2O [X=BF4−, n=1.5 (C1); X=ClO4−, n=1 (C2)], [Fe(L2)3](BF4)2 ⋅ 1.5H2O (C3); [Fe(L3)3](X)2 ⋅ nH2O [X=BF4−, n=2 (C4); X=ClO4−, n=2.5 (C5)]. The results of temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility reveal that complexes C1, C2, and C3 experienced the transition between two spin states. And C4 and C5 maintain high spin states at all temperature ranges. Binuclear complex [Fe2(L3)5(SCN)4] (C6) and mononuclear material [Fe(L4)2(H2O)4] ⋅ 2H2O (C7), these two zero‐dimensional molecules were also synthesized. They all display weak antiferromagnetic exchange coupling and a high spin state in the whole process.
Microbial community structure and biogenic amines content variations in chilled chicken during storage
Authors: Min Hong , An Fengqiu , Wei Ting , Wang Song , Ma Pengfei , Dai Yong
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the sensory indicators, biogenic amine contents, and bacterial community structure and diversity of chilled chicken stored at 4°C under aerobic conditions. Bacterial diversity and dominant bacteria were analyzed using high‐throughput sequencing technique (HTS). The relationship between biogenic amine contents and microbial community structure was studied. The results showed that contents of putrescine and cadaverine increased significantly with storage time. Proteobacteria was absolutely dominant flora at the phylum level. The predominant spoilage bacteria found in chicken thighs were Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Shewanella, and Yersinia, and the difference with chicken breasts was related to the presence of Myroides and absence of Yersinia. Myroides, Yersinia, and Shewanella were reported for the first time as an important contributor to the spoilage‐related microflora. Bacterial diversity and richness indices showed fluctuating and decreasing trend with storage time. The redundancy analysis showed that the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Yersinia, and Janthinobacterium was positively related to the contents of putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine, while Shewanella and Aeromonas showed positive relationship with putrescine content. Furthermore, positive relationship of Myroides and Desulfovibrio with the contents of cadaverine and tyramine was proposed for the first time. The key findings of this study can provide experimental data for food safety monitoring during refrigerated storage and preservation for poultry meat products.
Pharmacotherapeutic values of berberine: A Chinese herbal medicine for the human cancer management
Authors: Devarajan Nalini , Nathan Jhansi , Mathangi Ramalingam , Mahendra Jaideep , Ganesan Senthil Kumar
Published: January 2023

Berberine (BBR), a traditional Chinese phytomedicine extracted from various parts of Berberis plants, is an isoquinoline alkaloid used for centuries to treat diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and so forth. It has recently received immense attention worldwide to treat cancer due to its potent pro‐apoptotic, antiproliferative, and anti‐inflammatory properties. BBR efficiently induces tumor apoptosis, replicative quiescence and abrogates cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, tumor neovascularization, and metastasis by modulating diverse molecular and cell signaling pathways. Furthermore, BBR could also reverse drug resistance, make tumor cells sensitive to current cancer treatment and significantly minimize the harmful side effects of cytotoxic therapies. This review comprehensively analyzed the pharmacological effects of BBR against the development, growth, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance in wide varieties of cancer. Also, it critically discusses the significant limitations behind the development of BBR into pharmaceuticals to treat cancer and the future research directions to overcome these limitations.