bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancements in Biogas Production from Cow Dung: A Review of Present and Future Innovations
Authors: Kusmiyati  , Kusmiyati  , Wijaya Dewa Kusuma , Ridwan Hartono B.J.
Published: November 2023

Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world, which is significant with energy consumption. Currently, Indonesia is heavily dependent on fossil fuels to its energy needs, but continued reliance on these fuels could lead to depletion. To overcome this problem, biogas is considered as an alternative energy source for cooking and electricity, especially from waste such as cow dung. This research provides an overview of biogas production from small cattle farms in Indonesia, with a focus on cow dung as a valuable resource. It covers factors that increase biogas production, multiple digesters, purification techniques, and integrates Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Articles for this study were selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method from reputable journals indexed in Scopus and PubMed. Sustainable biogas from cattle farms offers energy generation using abundant cow dung. Optimizing production involves adjusting raw materials, temperature, pH, C/N ratio and HRT. Different types of digesters have unique advantages. Purification techniques such as water scrubbing, PSA, etc. increase methane production. Integrating IoT provides monitoring and optimization. Biogas production has enormous potential for renewable energy, requiring the use and application of efficient techniques, digester types, purification, and IoT integration for a greener future.
Harvesting of microalgae Chlorella sp using electrocoagulation and quantification of dissolved hydrogen gas
Authors: Purwono Purwono , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Budihardjo Mochamad Arief
Published: November 2023

Microalgae harvesting is the stage of any microalgae-based activity that is the most inhibiting, providing it with an interesting issue of investigation that could be used in the field. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an effective alternative harvesting method because EC produces high efficiency, ease of operation, fast harvesting, and adaptability. Furthermore, the harvesting of microalgae results in producing renewable hydrogen gas, an excellent option for generating clean energy and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of harvesting Chlorella sp microalgae by electrocoagulation using stainless still &iron electrodes. We measure optical density and quantification of dissolved hydrogen gas. Chlorella sp was harvested using EC by adjusting the electrolysis period for 30 minutes, voltage 15 V, and stirring at 400 rpm, Interestingly, the dissolved hydrogen gas in the initial Chlorella sp substrate was 0 ppb, then increased to 509 ppb after being electrolyzed for two minutes and 1214 ppb at 30 minutes. Statistically, electrolysis time significantly affected the increase in hydrogen gas concentration (α< 0.05). Electrolysis time of two minutes can harvest up to 90% Chlorella sp. Adding electrolysis time up to 30 minutes did not significantly increase harvesting efficiency.
Analysis Of Factors Associated With Covid-19 Vaccination Refusal In The Second Grade Of Nino Conis Santana High School In Lautem Municipality East Timor
Authors: de Castelho Mericio , Sutiningsih Dwi , Martini
Published: November 2023

Corona Virus is a virus with the Coronaviridae Subfamily family, one way of prevention with Covid-19 vaccination. However, the program received various responses in the form of rejection of vaccination by some people in Timor Leste. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the refusal of Covid-19 vaccination in Grade II students of Nino Conis Santana High School. This type of research is an observational analytical study with a crossectional approach. The study respondents amounted to 80 people according to the specified criteria selected by the simple random sampling method. Data collection was done by questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Data analysis was performed using chi square and multiple logistic regression. Factors related to refusal of Covid-19 vaccination were knowledge (p = 0.000), family support (p = 0.011), and support of health workers (0.002) while those who were not related were age (p = 0.100), distance to facilities (p = 0.063), comorbid disease (p = 0.941), sex (p = 0.392) and perception (0.086). The most dominant variable is the support of health workers. In grade II students of Nino Conis Santana High School, with the support of poor health workers, they have the opportunity to refuse Covid-19 vaccination 9,538 times. Health workers should use strategies by adjusting the characteristics of each individual in approaching students who refuse Covid-19 vaccination to be willing to do Covid-19 vaccination.
Repeat Analysis Program As A Quality Assurance System For Radiology Management: Causal Repeat and Challenges
Authors: Rochmayanti Dwi , Adi Kusworo , Edi Widodo Catur
Published: November 2023

Rejected or repeated images analysis remains a significant challenge, particularly in digital imaging. Despite the expectation that the transition from conventional to digital systems would reduce repetition rates, the reality is that repetition rates still exceed established standards. This literature review aims to shed light on the identification of causes and barriers in the reject/repeat program. We conducted a systematic review of this program in radiography units over several decades, examining the causes of repetition, types of examinations, and data sources used. We also described the methods employed to analyze reject/repeat instances in both conventional and digital systems. The study found that computed or digital radiography was the primary data source for image analysis. Despite the use of digital systems, repetition rates persisted, with chest radiography being the most significant contributor, accounting for over 30% of cases. Technical factors, particularly positioning errors, contributed to more than 30% of repetitions. Notably, determining the causes of rejection proved subjective. However, one study highlighted that artificial intelligence (AI) could accurately predict image rejection with a sensitivity of 93%. Thus, the incorporation of AI can greatly assist in classifying rejection causes, resulting in more efficient and streamlined radiology management
Digital-Based Care Support and Treatment for People with HIV/AIDS: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Demartoto Argyo , Murti Bhisma , Hilmi Pujihartati Sri
Published: November 2023

HIV/AIDS preventing and overcoming attempts keep developing and adaptive to technology development. Information digitization era supports the innovation potentially optimizing healthcare service including HIV/AIDS preventing and overcoming attempts for people in Surakarta. Healthcare Service Work and Care Support and Treatment (CST) Group as one out of 6 work groups established by Surakarta City Government is also affected by information digitization. In addition to opportunities, CST healthcare digitization also generates challenges to both medical workers and patients. This research aims to explore challenges and opportunities in digital-based CST implementation for people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) using Parsons’ modernization theory. Informant of research consisted of Surakarta City’s Health Service Office, medical workers, nurses, administrative staffs, patients, NGO Caring for AIDS, Peer Support Group, and Citizens caring for AIDS. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interview, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by applying an interactive model through data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity test used in this study was data source triangulation. The result shows that digital-based CST provides opportunities and challenges in the attempt of preventing and overcoming HIV/AIDS in Surakarta City. CST digitization potentially improves the qualities of healthcare, promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services and reduces bad stigma, but the challenges include poor understanding of human resource, limited internet access, and inadequate equipment availability.
The Effect of Global Warming on The Incidence of Malaria: Distribution of Anopheles sp. in Indonesia
Authors: Novita Risqa , Suprayogi Agik , Agusta Andria , Nugraha Arifin Budiman , Darusman Huda Shalahudin
Published: November 2023

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the female Anopheles mosquito vector. Malaria is still a cause of death worldwide, especially in young children. Malaria prevention needs to be done comprehensively so that it can be overcome optimally, one of which is the anopheles vector. Anopheles' development is influenced by the environment. World warming dramatically affects the development of anopheles because it requires an optimal temperature of 25-32oC to go through the life cycle to produce adult mosquitoes. Studies on the effect of global warming on anopheles’ resistance are needed in order to know how mosquito resistance is to global warming and can take precautions to prevent mosquito breeding. A systematic literature review. We search keywords climatic change, global warming, anopheles, malaria, and Indonesia in Pubmed, Google, and ResearchGate. We found 30 kinds of literature and screening based on inclusion criteria, and last, we only have 13 articles that we analyzed to answer our questions. A literature search showed that Anopheles's development is influenced by the environment. Anopheles likes the tropics because it has optimal temperature and humidity. The majority of Anopheles that vector simian malaria also cause malaria in humans. Indonesia has a diversity of anopheles spread from Sumatra to Papua. Global warming, which can increase the earth's temperature, has an influence on the development of Anopheles mosquitoes as vectors of malaria Introduction
Heart Frequency Patterns Due to 30% and 50% Maximal Isometric Contraction (MIC) in Adolescents
Authors: Indriawati Ratna , Wibowo Tunjung
Published: November 2023

We often do isometric contractions. Isometric contractions cause cardiovascular responses, including changes in heart rate. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of isometric contraction intensity equivalent to 30% MIC and 50% MIC with handgrip and backlift on increased heart rate. This research is a quasi-experimental, pretest, and post-test design. The subjects were 60 men aged 17-24 years who met the inclusion criteria and were divided into 2 groups, the group with a handgrip dynamometer and the treatment group with a backlift dynamometer. Heart rate frequency measurements were carried out before, during, and after isometric contraction with handgrip and backlift dynamometers, which were equivalent to 30% and 50% MIC. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between heart rate frequencies, before, during, and after isometric contractions. Increasing the intensity of isometric contraction from 30% to 50% MIC, both with handgrip and backlift dynamometer increased heart rate significantly (p <0.05). There was a significant increase (p <0.05) in the pulse frequency between isometric contraction and handgrip dynamometer with backlift. The conclusion of this study is that the magnitude of the increase in heart rate due to isometric contraction is 50% MIC equivalent to 30% MIC.
RETRACTED: Geospatial assessment of potential land suitability for oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) cultivation in the western parts of Ethiopia
Authors: Gurmessa Mengistu Muleta , Moisa Mitiku Badasa , Boru Lelisa Hordofa , Deribew Kiros Tsegay , Roba Zenebe Reta , Negasa Gadisa Geremew , Tiye Firdisa Sadeta , Gemeda Dessalegn Obsi
Published: November 2023

The editors have decided to retract this article for the following reasons:

The authors classified the land suitability related to rainfall as follows: “Previous study by Abubakar et al. (2023b) classified rainfall into four classes: (1329–1420mm), (1420–1490mm), (1490–1560mm) and (>1560mm) and categorizes as highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable and not suitable, respectively for oil palm tree cultivation”. In oil palm literature (including the cited article by Abubakar et al.), however, the order is reversed. Ideally, oil palm requires >2000mm of well-distributed rainfall per year. The lower rainfall class is still not entirely unsuitable, but there will be a very strong seasonality in production and yields will not be large.

As this misinterpretation affected their entire analysis, the authors have been asked to revise their article accordingly. In the meantime, an expression of concern was published.

In the two successive revised versions received, the authors changed only a few paragraphs (about rainfall...), but they did not re-run their analysis accordingly, nor did they change the suitability assessment at all, leading to the same conclusion as before despite reversed precipitation assumptions.
Die vergessene Hälfte der therapeutischen Behandlung – Unspezifische Wirkfaktoren
Authors: Krüger Sarah , Thieme Holm
Published: November 2023

Unspezifische Wirkfaktoren umfassen, was außerhalb des geplanten, therapeutischen Handelns stattfindet und im Einzelnen nur schwer messbar ist. Wie wichtig sie für einen gelungenen Gesundheitsprozess sind, wird immer dann deutlich, wenn trotz der Glanzleistung im therapeutischen Handeln der Behandlungseffekt hinter den Erwartungen zurückbleibt.
Kutane Nebenwirkungen unter Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Therapie
Authors: Grän Franziska , Schilling Bastian
Published: November 2023

Moderne Immuntherapeutika wie Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab oder Ipilimumab, die sogenannte Immun-Checkpoints blockieren, haben die onkologische Therapie in den letzten Jahren revolutioniert. Mit dem neuen Wirkmechanismus der Blockade wichtiger Kontrollpunkte im Immunsystem zeigen sich jedoch auch eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Nebenwirkungen. Diese treten nicht selten an der Haut auf. Zu den häufigsten dermalen Reaktionen unter Immuntherapie zählen die Vitiligo, Exantheme, blasenbildende Reaktionen oder der Lichen planus. Ausgeprägter Juckreiz kann Patienten stark beeinträchtigen. Der Verlauf bei auf die Haut beschränkten Nebenwirkungen ist häufig mild und gut zu behandeln oder selbstlimitierend. Hauterscheinungen können jedoch auch als Symptom systemischer Reaktionen auftreten. Eine frühe Diagnosestellung, die Einleitung einer adäquaten Therapie sowie eine interdisziplinäre Betreuung bei komplexen Erkrankungen sind entscheidend, um dauerhafte Einschränkungen für die Patienten zu verhindern und eine sichere Behandlung der zugrundeliegenden Tumorerkrankung gewährleisten zu können.
Colonic Resection in an 8-Year-Old Girl with Intractable Functional Constipation and Diffuse Colonic Dysmotility and Failed Antegrade Flushes
Authors: Danziger Gabriella , Xu Thomas O. , Russell Teresa Lynn , Tiusaba Laura , Yun Jennie , Levitt Marc A. , Badillo Andrea
Published: November 2023

Optimal surgical management of patients with intractable constipation and diffuse colonic motility is not well defined. We present a patient with such a history, who ultimately achieved successful surgical management of constipation through a stepwise approach. An 8-year-old female presents with longstanding constipation and diffuse colonic dysmotility demonstrated with colonic manometry. She initially underwent sigmoid resection and cecostomy which failed and required diverting ileostomy. We initially proceeded with an extended resection, colonic derotation (Deloyers procedure), and neo-appendicostomy (neo-Malone) which resulted in successful spontaneous stooling for 1 year. Her constipation recurred and she subsequently underwent completion colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis given that she previously demonstrated ability to stool independently. Six months from surgery the patient continues to stool daily with assistance of fiber and loperamide. This case highlights a stepwise surgical approach to managing constipation due to diffuse colonic dysmotility and demonstrates that diffuse dysmotility may benefit from an upfront subtotal resection; however, it is crucial to assess a patient's ability to empty their rectum prior.
Outcome Measures for Medical and Surgical Treatment of Prolactinomas. Is the Role of Surgery Underestimated?
Authors: Anuzis Andrius , Lillehei Kevin O.
Published: November 2023

Introduction The first line treatment for prolactinomas is currently dopamine agonists (DAs). Medical management is prolonged, associated with side effects, financial, and psychological burdens. In dedicated centers, pituitary surgery is a low-risk alternative. We evaluated outcome measures of medical and surgical treatment, to assess, if the role of surgery is underestimated.

Methods We reviewed the charts of 4,660 pituitary patients, managed at the University of Colorado, from 2004 to 2019. The final analysis included 154 patients with prolactinomas, managed medically, and 120 patients, treated surgically. Primary outcome measures were percentage of tumor volume reduction and prolactin level (ng/mL). Mann–Whitney test was used for quantitative variables, contingency tables, and chi-square tests for qualitative variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results DAs alone were more frequently used for microprolactinomas and Knosp grade 0 adenomas. Surgery was more often performed for macroprolactinomas, giant adenomas, tumors with suprasellar extension, mixed consistency, and sellar floor erosion. Among macroprolactinomas, mean tumor volume reduction after treatment with DAs alone, DAs and surgery, and surgery alone was 53.8, 94.9, and 94.1%, respectively. Prolactin levels after treatment were not significantly different. Continuous DA treatment was required in 94.3% patients in the medical group versus 39.6% in the surgical group.

Conclusion Surgery for macroprolactinomas achieved greater tumor volume reduction and dose reduction or discontinuation of DAs. Prolactin levels achieved did not differ significantly between the groups. Over 60% of patients, undergoing surgery, were able to discontinue DAs. The current treatment paradigm may underestimate the role of surgery in the management of prolactinomas.
Use of Connectomes in Deep Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Oliveira Isabella Amaral , Dib Maria Clara Rocha Elias , Silva Ledismar José da
Published: November 2023

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by the performance of repetitive behaviors in response to an obsession, which currently ranks as the tenth cause of disability in the world. Patients who are refractory to conventional treatment are candidates for the neurosurgical treatment of deep brain stimulation (DBS). In this procedure, electrodes are implanted in specific anatomical brain targets. The present systematic literature review aimed to describe the main connectomes and associate them with their respective targets involved in DBS for the treatment of OCD, to understand the connectomes related to OCD and their contributions to DBS, and to describe the main targets used in DBS surgery for OCD. Based on the present results, the stimulated targets that showed better clinical outcomes were the anterior limb of the internal capsule, the nucleus accumbens, the subthalamic nucleus, and the ventral capsule/striatal capsule. The target associated with the worst clinical results was the posterior limb of the anterior commissure. The variable stimulation of certain regions of the brain determines different clinical results. However, an individualized investigation of the OCD patient is essential for choosing the best target for DBS.
Heterogeneity in financing for development strategies as a hindering factor to achieve a global agreement on the 2030 Agenda
Authors: Sianes Antonio , Fernández-Portillo Luis A. , Toscano-Valle Adela , Pérez-Velasco Elena
Published: November 2023

The adoption of the 2030 Agenda has favoured a profound shift in the development aid system with the consolidation of new actors, goals and instruments. While the Sustainable Development Goals are a sound proposal to address the development problems in this new scenario, there is no agreement on many other topics, such as the most accurate instruments to finance the Agenda. Despite consensus on concerns about the effectiveness of official development assistance (ODA), no alternative proposals have yet been consolidated, and debate persists on how to finance the Agenda. However, the literature does not sufficiently address the fact that countries are pursuing divergent financing strategies that complicate the necessary consensus, especially after the negative impact of COVID-19 on international co-operation. To contribute to filling this gap in the literature, we focus on donor countries, scrutinising the variety of financing for development (FfD) strategies they support through their public policies, either promoting ODA flows, remittances, philanthropic donations or a policy coherence for development approach. Although there is still no international agreement on the role that these four instruments should play in financing the 2030 Agenda, data evidence shows how donor countries rely more on one or another of such instruments. Our hypotheses are that it is possible to find similar strategic patterns throughout different groups of countries and that there are significant differences in the FfD strategy implemented by each group. To test them, we propose a hierarchical cluster analysis to classify main donor countries according to the different FfD strategies they are actually carrying out. The analysis confirms our hypotheses, identifying four groups of countries according to their FfD strategy. Countries in each group share similar strategic approaches to financing the fight against poverty, while groups deeply diverge from one another. These results could explain the delay in addressing the unavoidable FfD debate in the 2030 Agenda, and they even question whether a common and shared FfD approach would be feasible if not appropriately addressed.
What are the differences in urban citizens’ preferences for the colour of condominium building facades?
Authors: Chen Kaida , Lin Hanliang , Shyr Oliver F. , You Shuying
Published: November 2023

The colour of a building facade is an important attribute that significantly influences consumers’ purchasing intentions towards commodity buildings. This influence is often reflected in transaction prices, allowing researchers to extract consumers’ colour preferences and analyse their psychological states. However, there is a significant lack of relevant research in this area. Therefore, this research is the first attempt to explore urban consumers’ preferences for the colour of building facades using a housing price measurement system. It also conducts comparative analyses of the consumption psychology of different homebuying consumer groups. The innovative approach in this research can serve as a reference for exploring similar issues in other regions worldwide, and the empirical results of this research hold important professional value for fields such as social psychology and urban planning. Specifically, this research takes the city of Fuzhou, China, as an example, and it uses cross-sectional transaction data from second-hand residential communities in 2020 as its research reference. Through economic and geographical research methods, this study explores consumers’ preference for colour among various consumer groups. The research reveals that the overall homebuying consumer groups in Fuzhou have specific preferences for the quantity and characteristics of facade colours. Furthermore, consumer preferences vary among different income levels and geographic locations of homebuying consumer groups. Finally, the research estimates the possible reasons for these preference differences.
Semi-hydro-equivalent design and performance extrapolation between 100 kJ-scale and NIF-scale indirect drive implosion
Authors: Zhang Huasen , Kang Dongguo , Wu Changshu , Hao Liang , Shen Hao , Zou Shiyang , Zhu Shaoping , Ding Yongkun
Published: November 2023

Extrapolation of implosion performance between different laser energy scales is investigated for indirect drive through a semi-hydro-equivalent design. Since radiation transport is non-hydro-equivalent, the peak radiation temperature of the hohlraum and the ablation velocity of the capsule ablator are not scale-invariant when the sizes of the hohlraum and the capsule are scale-varied. A semi-hydro-equivalent design method that keeps the implosion velocity Vi, adiabat αF, and PL/Rhc2 (where PL is the laser power and Rhc is the hohlraum and capsule scale length) scale-invariant, is proposed to create hydrodynamically similar implosions. The semi-hydro-equivalent design and the scaled implosion performance are investigated for the 100 kJ Laser Facility (100 kJ-scale) and the National Ignition Facility (NIF-scale) with about 2 MJ laser energy. It is found that the one-dimensional implosion performance is approximately hydro-equivalent when Vi and αF are kept the same. Owing to the non-hydro-equivalent radiation transport, the yield-over-clean without α-particle heating (YOCnoα) is slightly lower at 100 kJ-scale than at NIF-scale for the same scaled radiation asymmetry or the same initial perturbation of the hydrodynamic instability. The overall scaled two-dimensional implosion performance is slightly lower at 100 kJ-scale. The general Lawson criterion factor scales as χnoα2D∼S1.06±0.04 (where S is the scale-variation factor) for the semi-hydro-equivalent implosion design with a moderate YOCnoα. Our study indicates that χnoα ≈ 0.379 is the minimum requirement for the 100 kJ-scale implosion to demonstrate the ability to achieve marginal ignition at NIF-scale.
A cloud platform for sharing and automated analysis of raw data from high throughput polymer MD simulations
Authors: Xie Tian , Kwon Ha-Kyung , Schweigert Daniel , Gong Sheng , France-Lanord Arthur , Khajeh Arash , Crabb Emily , Puzon Michael , Fajardo Chris , Powelson Will , Shao-Horn Yang , Grossman Jeffrey C.
Published: November 2023

Open material databases storing thousands of material structures and their properties have become the cornerstone of modern computational materials science. Yet, the raw simulation outputs are generally not shared due to their huge size. In this work, we describe a cloud-based platform to enable fast post-processing of the trajectories and to facilitate sharing of the raw data. As an initial demonstration, our database includes 6286 molecular dynamics trajectories for amorphous polymer electrolytes (5.7 terabytes of data). We create a public analysis library at https://github.com/TRI-AMDD/htp_md to extract ion transport properties from the raw data using expert-designed functions and machine learning models. The analysis is run automatically on the cloud, and the results are uploaded onto an open database. Our platform encourages users to contribute both new trajectory data and analysis functions via public interfaces. Finally, we create a front-end user interface at https://www.htpmd.matr.io/ for browsing and visualization of our data. We envision the platform to be a new way of sharing raw data and new insights for the materials science community.
Demonstration of a time scale with the 87Sr optical lattice clock at NTSC
Authors: Xu Qinfang , Wang Shanhe , Lu Xiaotong , Guo Feng , Xia Jingjing , Wang Yebing , Chang Hong
Published: November 2023

Optical clocks have been applied to the generation of time scales since they provide superb uncertainty and instability in recent years. This paper presents the simulations about the impact of the optical clock’s operational strategies on the performance of the generated time scale through two distinct steering algorithms. By post-processing the measured frequency difference between the 87Sr optical lattice clock and the hydrogen maser at the National Time Service Center, we realized an “optically steered” time scale TS(Sr), and the variation of the time difference TT(BIPM22)-TS(Sr) is 0.1 ns during the modified Julian date 59794–59819.
Elasto-thermoelectronic diffusion waves with changing thermal conductivity and thermal heating of microtemperature semiconductor
Authors: Raddadi Merfat H. , El-Sapa Shreen , Saeed Abdulkafi M. , El-Bary Alaa A. , Lotfy Khaled
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of linear thermal conductivity temperature-dependent coupled elasto-thermoelectronic diffusion (ETD) waves in a micro-temperature semiconductor, specifically focusing on the effects of photo-excited processes. The governing equations are formulated for a semi-infinite silicon wafer, which serves as a semiconductor material. The explicit study of the strong coupling between the equations governing elastic wave transport, carrier (plasma) transport, and thermal wave transport is conducted in the presence of microtemperature influence. The electron–hole interaction is obtained within the framework of the ETD theory. Laplace transform is used to resolve the governing equations in a non-dimensional framework for thermoelastic and electronic deformation in one-dimensional (1D) scenarios. The present study employs the proposed model to analyze the impact of ramp-type heating on a stationary plane of unbounded semiconductor material. Thermoelastic electronic coupling is found to be affected by the presence of variable thermal conductivity and microtemperature parameters.
Experimental study of thermocouple temperature measurement based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Bai Bing , Yang Wenbin , Qi Xinhua , Che Qingfeng , Zhou Quan , Sun Weimin , Chen Shuang
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we mainly investigate the error of thermocouples in different combustion environments by comparing the measured temperatures by CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy). In the experiment, we build a set of broadband and unstable-resonator spatially enhanced detection CARS devices to achieve precise temperature measurement. By comparing the measured temperatures by CARS and thermocouples in an adiabatic environment, we find that the temperatures measured by both are well matched. In an open environment, we find that the measured temperature by thermocouples has large errors compared to that by CARS and literature temperature, which is primarily caused by thermal radiation, and there is an error of about 7% by using the double-thermocouple correction method, and we propose the measured temperature by CARS as the true value to correct the radiation error of thermocouples and use the least-squares method to fit the temperature curve, resulting in an error of only 0.83%. In addition, we realize a wide-range precise temperature detection from 1100 to 2100 K by CARS, and the relative standard deviation and the relative error in the whole experiments are less than 1.8% and 1.6%, respectively.
Simulation study of a fast speed trench Schottky rectifier with an isolated gate
Authors: Xu Xianguo , Liu Minqiang , Zeng Chao , Chen Wensuo
Published: November 2023

A novel trench Schottky rectifier with an isolated gate (IG-TSR) is proposed and investigated by simulation. It features an isolation of a trench MOS poly-gate from an anode metal in a conventional trench MOS barrier Schottky (TMBS) rectifier. In the proposed fabrication process, the isolation can be created by modifying the layout pattern without any additional process step or manufacturing cost. Because of the isolation of the trench MOS poly-gate from the anode metal, the capacitance between the cathode and the anode (Cds) of the proposed IG-TSR decreases significantly, which results in a fast switching performance. According to the simulation results, IG-TSR holds a 17.4% reduction in reverse recovery time (Trr) and a 22.1% reduction in reverse recovery peak current (Irm) compared with TMBS, and other related forward and reverse performances are basically unchanged. Therefore, the proposed IG-TSR is a competitive device for high frequency and high efficiency applications in power systems.
Fruits and plants, grains and seeds, birds, precious metals, and substances, or the conceptualization of colors in Tunisian Arabic
Authors: Maalej Zouheir
Published: November 2023

Two opposed views dominate the color scene: Universalism and relativism. Each view has been shown to have fallen short of fully accounting for color perception and naming across languages and cultures. Beyond this controversy, the current article proposes cultural neuroscience as an alternative view to account for color naming and the conceptualization of experiences in color terms in Tunisian Arabic (TA). Cultural neuroscience accumulated massive cross-cultural empirical evidence to the effect that culture greatly impacts brain and cognition. The current article will draw on cultural neuroscience to explain the central role played by culture in shaping cognition and language. Thus, the argument will run as follows: The language in which color is cloaked owes much to experience in social cognition, which is greatly impacted by the cultural environment. This view implies that color naming is under the influence of the cultural needs of color users and cognizers in their respective cultures, with the language they speak as ancillary to culture. In TA, there are 11 color terms, with five focal colors including multiple shades and a form in mes– (–ish), reminiscent of English brownish from brown. Color naming in TA is conceptualized in terms of names of fruits (oranges, apricots, peaches, dates), plants (Jew’s mallow), aromatic plants (lavender), grains (wheat), birds (canary), seeds (pistachio), precious metals (gold), and substances (honey, coffee, chocolate, ash). Color is also manifest as a source domain in various metaphoric and metonymic expressions to conceptualize experiences and events using verbal, nominal, and adjectival derivations.
The perspective of the other
Authors: Simon Gábor
Published: November 2023

The central question of the paper is whether visual perception serves as a grounding cognitive act for
experiencing and reflecting on the other in elegiac poetry. I assume that elegy has a cultural scheme in which the lyric subject
can see the environment not only from his own point of view but also from the perspective of the other, and this mental
contextualization has reoccurring linguistic patterns (e.g.,the expressions of retrospection/looking backwards, or looking to the
natural environment from different points of view) in elegiac tradition. For testing the assumption, I use corpus-based analysing
methods: in a quantitative analysis a specific research corpus is built from canonical Hungarian elegies, and it is analysed with
Lancsbox with the aim of identifying the characteristic
linguistic construction of visual perception. I explore the distribution and the collocational patterns of the Hungarian verbs
lát ‘see’, néz ‘look’ and figyel ‘watch’ in the elegy corpus, and keyword
analysis is made with the use of a reference corpus built from Hungarian odes.
Paths of linguistic synesthesia across cultures
Authors: Galac Ádám , Zayniev Daler
Published: November 2023

The article focuses on the conventionalized cross-sensory uses of basic-level adjectives in a sample of eight
languages: English, German, French, Spanish, Russian, Hungarian, Tajik, and Uzbek. After a differentiation of cross-sensory
language use (also called linguistic synesthesia) from other phenomena that combine the senses (namely, neuropsychological
synesthesia and cross-sensory correspondences), it reports on a dictionary-based semantic analysis that distinguishes between
three main semantic mechanisms leading to cross-sensory language use: direct cross-sensory transfer (e.g., a dark
sound), more schematic generalized meanings (e.g., soft ‘pleasant, gentle, not too intense’), and
highly figurative extensions (e.g., a dark melody, in which dark means ‘gloomy’). It also
emphasizes that these three categories are often intertwined due to the inherent fog-like nature of meaning. After summarizing
every instance of conventionalized cross-sensory meaning potential that could be found in the dictionaries, it concludes that
(1) the results are in line with the widely observed directional preferences also
referred to as the hierarchy of the senses; (2) the evaluative dimension is present in many
transfers, but it cannot account for the extended uses alone; (3) there are some obvious
differences between the Western and the Central Asian languages, even though one cannot speak of fundamentally different
conceptual systems regarding the language of the senses. Besides these general observations, the outcomes of this principally
exploratory investigation also point to many uncharted territories to be examined in future studies.
Maxwell construction and multi-criticality in uncharged generalized quasi-topological black holes
Authors: Lu Mengqi , Mann Robert B
Published: November 2023

we demonstrate the existence of N-tuple critical points of uncharged AdS black holes in generalized quasi-topological (GQT) theories. The criticality is shown to have a geometrical interpretation described by the Maxwell’s equal area rule. We present a compact reformulation of the area rule and identify a criterion for the emergence such points. Using this criterion, we construct several multi-critical points with genuine GQT densities, including a quadruple and a quintuple points.
Comment on ‘Covariant formulation of electrodynamics in isotropic media’
Authors: Franklin Jerrold
Published: November 2023

A recent paper Pal (2022 Eur. J. Phys.
43 015204) puts into covariant form an extension of relativistic classical electromagnetism from free space to a linearly polarizable medium. The paper is based on the assumption that the relativistic tensor, F

μ
ν
, which is a tensor in free space, will also be a tensor in a linear medium. Pal constructs a proposed covariant formulation that gives

F

μ
ν

 for a medium moving with constant velocity, v, in terms of F

μ
ν
for the medium at rest. However, although F

μ
ν
has been proven to be a relativistic tensor in free space, we show that it is not a tensor in a linear medium. This means that the covariant extension proposed by Pal fails.
Reply to Comment on ‘Covariant formulation of electrodynamics in isotropic media’
Authors: Pal Palash B
Published: November 2023

This note contains my response to the comment written by J Franklin on my paper ‘Covariant formulation of electrodynamics in isotropic media’.
Bayesian acoustic emission time-difference method for locating the collision point of sweeping robot shell
Authors: Chen Zihui , Li Zhinong , Gu Fengshou
Published: November 2023

The existing source localization based on acoustic emission technology often depends on the assumption of constant wave velocity inside the material. However, this assumption is hardly satisfied in actual engineering. The uncertainty of wave velocity can easily lead to low localization accuracy of sweeping robots. To overcome these deficiencies, a complete probability multi-directional measurement method based on the Bayesian inference mechanism is proposed. In the proposed method, based on the Bayesian probabilistic model, the extracted sensor time difference is subjected to probabilistic inference using the coordinate input model to determine the posterior distribution of the source’s position and wave velocity of the given arrival time. Compared with the traditional time-difference method, the proposed method achieves excellent results and outperforms the standard time-difference method in localization accuracy and anti-interference. In addition, the proposed method can conveniently, quickly, and effectively determine the location of the colliding point without considering the source emission time and wave velocity. The research in this paper provides an effective method for solving the collision localization problem of the sweeping robot shell under the acoustic emission time and wave velocity are unknown.
Enhancing measurement precision through noise analysis and fringe optimization in white light interferometry
Authors: Xu Zhenyu , Chen Zhangwei
Published: November 2023

White light interferometry is a highly precise non-contact measurement technology. However, in practical applications, certain noise sources such as thermal noise, shot noise, and redundant intensity noise, can introduce signal distortion. In this paper, we propose a mathematical formulation for the key metric, Quality Factor, which serves as an evaluation criterion for the quality of interference signals. The influence of different factors on the measurement is quantitatively analyzed using the signal-to-noise ratio, and various filtering methods are employed to address different types of noise. Finally, experimental results highlight the primary factors and optimization techniques that significantly impact the quality of interference signals, thereby verifing the effectiveness of the method on measurement results.
Calcium regulates cortex contraction in Physarum polycephalum
Authors: Kscheschinski Bjoern , Kramar Mirna , Alim Karen
Published: November 2023

The tubular network-forming slime mold Physarum polycephalum is able to maintain long-scale contraction patterns driven by an actomyosin cortex. The resulting shuttle streaming in the network is crucial for the organism to respond to external stimuli and reorganize its body mass giving rise to complex behaviors. However, the chemical basis of the self-organized flow pattern is not fully understood. Here, we present ratiometric measurements of free intracellular calcium in simple morphologies of Physarum networks. The spatiotemporal patterns of the free calcium concentration reveal a nearly anti-correlated relation to the tube radius, suggesting that calcium is indeed a key regulator of the actomyosin activity. We compare the experimentally observed phase relation between the radius and the calcium concentration to the predictions of a theoretical model including calcium as an inhibitor. Numerical simulations of the model suggest that calcium indeed inhibits the contractions in Physarum, although a quantitative difference to the experimentally measured phase relation remains. Unraveling the mechanism underlying the contraction patterns is a key step in gaining further insight into the principles of Physarum’s complex behavior.
Experimental characterization of the active and passive fast-ion H-alpha emission in W7-X using FIDASIM
Authors: Poloskei Peter Zs. , Geiger B. , Jansen van Vuuren A. , Äkäslompolo S. , Ford O.P. , Spanier A. , Neelis T.W.C. , McNeely P. , Hartmann D. ,   the W7-X Team
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the first results from the analysis of Balmer-alpha spectra at Wendelstein 7-X which contain the broad charge exchange emission from fast-ions. The measured spectra are compared to synthetic spectra predicted by the FIDASIM code, which has been supplied with the 3D magnetic fields from VMEC, 5D fast-ion distribution functions from ASCOT, and a realistic Neutral Beam Injection geometry including beam particle blocking elements. Detailed modeling of the beam emission shows excellent agreement between measured beam emission spectra and predictions. In contrast, modeling of beam halo radiation and Fast-Ion H-Alpha signals (FIDA) is more challenging due to strong passive contributions. While about 50% of the halo radiation can be attributed to passive signals from edge neutrals, the FIDA emission—in particular for an edge-localized line of sights—is dominated by passive emission. This is in part explained by high neutral densities in the plasma edge and in part by edge-born fast-ion populations as demonstrated by detailed modeling of the edge fast-ion distribution.
Explosive dynamics of double tearing mode in Tokamak
Authors: Lu X.Q. , Ma Z.W. , Guo W. , Zhang H.W. , Guo W.F.
Published: November 2023

Using the CLT code, the resistivity dependence of the reconnection rate during the explosive phase at various separations of two rational surfaces of m/n = 3/1 double tearing mode is investigated quantitatively. Our study focuses on the explosive reconnection process where the exchange of island positions takes place and no secondary island forms. The negative dependence of explosive reconnection rate on resistivity in low resistivity and the systematic study of the effect of the separation on the resistivity dependence in high resistivity have been studied for the first time. The negative dependence is qualitatively different from the results in some relative studies where it usually exhibits a positive dependence on the resistivity or is independent of the resistivity. The negative dependence in two regions with a low resistivity, with a high resistivity and a large separation is caused by different reasons: one is the thickness of the current sheet, and the other is the separation.
Research on the Operation Resistance of Bulldozers Based on Joint Simulation Technology
Authors: Li Bei , Liu Mingjie , Sun Ping , Zang Xiaohui
Published: November 2023

With the proposal of the national double-carbon policy, the pressure of energy saving and emission reduction of construction machinery is increasing. As one of the core products of construction machinery, bulldozers are criticized for their high operation carbon emissions and large fuel consumption. How to reduce the operation resistance and resistance work of bulldozers has become a new research direction of energy saving and emission reduction of bulldozers. How to obtain the resistance and resistance work of bulldozer operation has become one of the difficulties in this research direction. In this paper, the multi-body dynamic model and the ground model of the bulldozer are built by multi-body dynamics software, the discrete element model of soil is built by discrete element software, and the simulation of the bulldozers under direct pushing conditions is completed by using multi-body dynamics and discrete element joint simulation technology. The resistance curve of the bulldozer operation is obtained, which indicates that the maximum resistance is 236.55 KN, the resistance work is 6360.42 KJ, and the soil pushing amount is 41.37. The simulation data and results will help reduce the operational resistance and resistance work of the bulldozer.
Fusion of label attention and mask attention for unsupervised and self-supervised anomaly detection
Authors: Pang Fengqian , Lei Chunyue , Zeng Jingsheng
Published: November 2023

Many uncontrollable factors during industrial flow lead to products’ unforeseen defects. Anomaly detection for the defects is inclined to use unsupervised frameworks to formulate one-class classification tasks, as well as segmentation tasks. The attention mechanism has proved to be effective in defect classification and segmentation. However, previous works with attention mechanisms have not investigated the combination of the two kinds of attention for the above tasks in depth. In this paper, we propose a framework that fuses Label Attention and Mask Attention (LAMA). Specifically, the LAMA is implemented by a loss prediction module and a decoder in a transform-based segmentation model. Moreover, a network based on normalizing flow is introduced as the architecture of anomaly detection, which integrates with the LAMA. The experimental results on MVTecAD demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the contrast algorithms. The proposed framework achieves an overall image-wise AUC of 99.6% and 98.6% on pixel-wise AUC.