bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Effects of Foreign Portfolio Investment on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Toyin O.W. , Oludayol Ad. E.
Published: October 2020

The slow growth rate and the deficit of full-fledged financial security have created the preconditions for studying the relationship between foreign investment and economic growth. In previous literature, key emphases on this issue were studied in the short term and in terms of static functioning of the economy. Thus, this article purposely studied the dynamic nature of the development of the relationship between foreign investment and economic growth in Nigeria from 1980 to 2018. The use of the Augmented-Dickey Fuller test confirmed the precondition for adopting dynamic techniques to test the significant role of foreign portfolio investment (among other analyzed factors – domestic savings, government capital expenditures, market capitalization) in the formation of gross domestic product. The use of the lag selection method allowed to determine the optimal lag for estimating the autoregressive distributed model, which substantiates the effectiveness and reliability of the autoregressive distributed lag model. The information base of the study was the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The results of empirical estimations in the short term showed that domestic savings had significant and negative impact on gross domestic product. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that foreign investment, domestic savings, government spending and market capitalization determine long-term trends in gross domestic product formation in Nigeria. Practically, the empirical result revealed that the presence of a significant deficit of domestic savings in Nigeria creates obstacles to successful economic growth in the country both in the short and long term; portfolio foreign investment accelerates economic growth in the long run to a greater extent than in the short run.

Keywords: autoregressive distributed model, Dickie-Fuller test, economic growth, foreign investment, double gap theory.
An Algorithm of Decomposing the Trend and Cyclical Components of FDI Inflows: The Case of Ukraine
Authors: Moskalenko Bogdan A. , Mitev Pavlin
Published: October 2020

Authors:
Bogdan A. Moskalenko, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-1705
Joint stock company “ProCredit Bank”, Business Client Advisor, Kyiv, Ukraine
Pavlin Mitev, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-4192
Joint stock company “Raiffeisenbank EAD”, Credit Risk Policy Manager, Bulgaria

Pages: 95-101

Language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(3).95-101.2020

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Abstract

The article summarizes the arguments within the scientific challenge on improving approaches to country investment potential evaluation. The main objective of the research is to systematize the existing statistical methods of decomposing macroeconomic time series into growth (trend) and cyclical components. Systematization of theoretical and methodological materials on solving the problem of decomposing the trend and cyclical components of time data series showed that the use of filtering series of economic dynamics based on the Hodrick-Prescott filter allows identifying long-term growth trends or recessions. The relevance of solving this problem is that the country investment potential evaluation is often based on investigating the impact of foreign direct investment`s determinants in a domestic economy while ignoring cyclical macroeconomic processes within and outside the country, on which those determinants often have not responded yet or reacted late. The methodical tools of the research are carried out in the following logical sequence: systematization of existing statistical methods for trend component decomposing; analysis of data that will be used in the decomposition process and in further country investment potential evaluation; application of the Hodrick-Prescott filter and trend component decomposing in foreign direct investment net inflows dynamics into the economy of Ukraine. The Research methods combine in following dimensions: comparative analysis, regression analysis and univariate methodology of time series decomposing. The period from 1999 to 2019 was chosen as the research period. The object of the research is foreign direct investment net inflows into the economy of Ukraine, as they are the determining element within the country investment potential evaluation process. The article presents the results of empirical analysis, which showed that the decomposing a trend and cyclical components of foreign direct investment inflows can improve the quality of investment potential evaluation, considering the impact of current economic cycle phase. The results of the research can be useful for a more accurate investment potential evaluation on the macroeconomic level and forecasting foreign direct investment inflows for the following time periods.

Keywords: business cycle synchronization; country investment potential; foreign direct investment; Hodrick-Prescott filter; national economy.
IMMUNE EFFECTS OF STEREOTACTIC ABLATIVE RADIATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT TUMORS: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Zozulya A. Yu. , Baldueva I. A. , Novikov S. N.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the study was to conduct a systematic analysis of the data available in the modern literature on the systemic (abscopal) effects in radiation therapy, which are mediated by immunological phenomena.

Material and Methods.A structured search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and February 2019 was conducted using MEDLINE database. The review included data from registered clinical trials at Clinicaltrials.gov, showing the results of the combined use of immunotherapy and radiation therapy.

Results. There is an opinion that the systemic effect of radiotherapy is mediated by immunological phenomena. In connection with the recent data, there is a growing interest in the combined use of immunotherapy with radiation therapy in order to increase the efficacy of systemic therapy. However, the incidence of abscopal effects after standard radiation treatment is very low. In this regard, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, due to its high immunogenic potential, low toxicity and short duration of the treatment, is apparently an attractive partner for immunotherapy in patients with metastatic disease.

Conclusion. In view of the variety of the immunological effects of radiotherapy, further studies of the effect of radiation therapy on the immune system of cancer patients are needed, and the use of various combinations of immunotherapy and radiation therapy should be continued. All this, ultimately, will help improve the survival rates of cancer patients.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THYROID CANCER IN THE DEVELOPED INDUSTRIAL REGION
Authors: Idiatullin R. M. , Styazhkina S. N.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the study was to assess thyroid cancer epidemiology in the Udmurt Republic during 2008–18 and to estimate thyroid cancer raetes until 2023.

Material and Methods. The incidence of thyroid cancer in the Udmurt Republic was studied over a 10-year period (2008–18) according to state statistical accounting and reporting documentation.

Results. The age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer in the Udmurt Republic for both sexes increased from 2.57 ± 0.36 per 100,000 population in 2008 to 6.60 ± 0.61 per 100,000 population in 2018, with an average annual percentage change of 9.9 %. The mortality rate from thyroid cancer decreased from 0.39 ± 0.12 per 100,000 population in 2008 to 0.36 ± 0.14 per 100,000 population in 2018.The incidence of thyroid cancer in the Udmurt Republic in 2023 was estimated to be 10.24 per 100,000 population.

Conclusion. In the Udmurt Republic, the increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer is significantly higher than in the Volga Federal District and Russia. The obtained estimates of thyroid cancer incidence until 2023 can be used in developing programs for early detection and prevention of this disease.
INFLUENCE OF SOMATIC MUTATIONS OF KRAS, NRAS, BRAF AND MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY STATUS ON SURVIVAL OF COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS WITH PERITONAL CARCINO
Authors: Shubin V. P. , Shelygin Yu. A. , Achkasov S. I. , Sushkov O. I. , Ponomarenko A. A. , Arzamastseva A. I. , Tsukanov A. S.
Published: October 2020

Purpose: to evaluate the effect of somatic mutations of the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF genes and the status of microsatellite instability on the overall and disease-free survival of patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Material and Methods. From 2012 to 2018, the study included 45 patients who underwent surgery for synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis with colorectal cancer. In all patients, mutations of the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF genes and MSI status of the tumor and peritoneum metastases were determined using Sanger sequencing, fragment analysis and digital droplet polymerase chain reaction. The effect of mutations on patient survival was evaluated.

Results. The prevalence of somatic mutations was 69 % of patients. The discordance between the tumor and peritoneum metastases was 9 %. All tumors and peritoneum metastases were microsatellite stable. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF mutations did not affect the overall and disease-free survival (p=0.87 and p=0.85, respectively).

Conclusion. Somatic mutations in the KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF genes are not a prognostic factor affecting the overall and relapse-free survival of colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. The molecular status of primary tumor may differ from the status of peritoneal metastasis. It should be taken into account when prescribing targeted drugs.
GADAMER’İN FELSEFİ HERMENEUTİK DİSİPLİNİNİN İMKANLARI OLARAK YASA YORUMUNUN KURUCU İŞLEVLERİ
Authors: AYDIN Melike Belkıs
Published: October 2020

Hans-Georg Gadamer’in felsefi hermeneutik olarak adlandırdığı hermeneutik kuramında hukuk disiplininin belirleyici bir rolü vardır. Tin bilimleri (Geisteswissenschaften) içinde yol gösterici işleve sahip olarak betimlenen hukuk disiplinin ise varlıkbilimsel bir sorun olan yasa yorumu konusunda Gadamer’in felsefesinden yararlanabileceği düşünsel olanaklar bulunmaktadır. Gadamer, yorumun metnin anlamının ortaya çıkarılmasında zorunlu bir etkinlik olduğunu düşüncesinin temeli olarak kurgulamıştır. Anlamanın evrensel bir edim olarak unsurlarını ortaya koyduğu “Hakikat ve Yöntem” adlı yapıtında hukuk kuralının uygulanmasına, yargıcın etkinliğinin işlevine yorumun varoluşun her alanında zorunlu bir edim olduğu ön kabulü ışığında değinmiştir. Yorumun varlıkbilimsel bir alana ait olması demek onun aktarıcı değil kurucu bir işleve sahip olduğu anlamına gelmektedir. Çalışmada Gadamer’in düşüncesinde ya da hukuk metodolojisinde, yorum sorununun genel ele alınış biçimlerine yer verilmeyecektir. Bunun yerine Gadamer’in düşünsel evreninin hukukta yorum sorununa yaklaşım perspektifinden üstlendiği işlevleri betimlenecektir. Gadamer felsefesi ışığında yasanın yorumlanması her defasında kurucu bir edimdir. Yorum bilgibilimsel değil de varlıkbilimsel bir unsur ise, yani anlaşılacak olanın kendinde bir anlaşılması olanaksızsa yasa metni için de onun yargıç tarafından her yorumlanması metnin canlanması için zaruridir. Yorumun kurucu işlevi hukukun kadim bir sorunu olan genel kural – özel durum ilişkisinde de ortaya çıkar. Olgu ve kural birbirilerini bir karşılıklılık içinde kurarlar. Yargıç da bütün bu süreçte etken bir role sahiptir. Anlamanın ilgilisi ve öznesi olarak yargıç, iletici değil, anlamı kurucu ve yaratıcı bir işlem görmektedir. Yorumun kurucu olması demek, yargıçların hem sorumluluğuna hem de görevlerinin niteliğinin sanıldığından çok daha yaratıcı ögelere sahip olduğuna vurgu yapılması demektir. Çalışmanın çerçevesi bakımından yorumun Gadamer felsefesi ile teması sınırlı tutulmuştur.
Recurso de Casación
Authors: Celís Zapata Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2020

No tiene
Hacia un nuevo modelo de regionalización
Authors: Loayza Galván Francisco
Published: October 2020

NO tiene
Actos jurídicos Inopinables
Authors: Guzmán Espiche Luis M.
Published: October 2020

No tiene
La Separación de hecho como una nueva causal de divorcio
Authors: Reyes Moreno Antonio
Published: October 2020

No tiene
La ética en el ejercicio profesional del Abogado
Authors: Perez Fuentes Gerardo
Published: October 2020

No tiene
Aportes de la psicología a la administración de Justicia
Authors: Maureira Gatica Mauricio
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Genética y Derecho
Authors: Miranda Canales Manuel Jesús
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Licenciatura en Derecho en los Penales de Lima,bajo el sistema de educación a distancia
Authors: Ramírez Chávarry Willy
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
El Régimen Presidencial en América Latina
Authors: Velezmoro Pinto Julio
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
El directorio en las sociedades anónimas y el buen gobierno corporativo
Authors: Taquía Gutiérrez Rossana
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Historia de la Universidad
Authors: Zevallos Vera Manuel
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Presentación
Authors: Ramírez Prado Fidel
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Editorial
Authors: Díaz Bazán Ricardo
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Una justicia anticorrupción honesta, pero de la cintura para arriba y de la rodilla para abajo
Authors: McLean U. Roberto G.
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
DISCURSO DEL RECTOR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD ALAS PERUANAS, EN LA CEREMONIA DE INCORPORACIÓN COMO DOCTOR HONORIS CAUSA DEL DR. FRANCISCO TÁVARA CÓRDOVA,
Authors: Ramírez Prado Fidel
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
El ROL DEL PODER JUDICIAL EN SU LUCHA CONTRA LA CORRUPCIÓN EXTERNA E INTERNA
Authors: Távara Córdova Francisco
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
POLÍTICA CRIMINAL
Authors: Cáceres Velásquez Artidoro
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
CONTRATOS MODALES PARA OBRA DETERMINADA O SERVICIO ESPECÍFICO ¿PLAZO MÁXIMO 8 AÑOS?
Authors: Quirós Cubillas Pablo D.
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
PUBLICACIONES - FONDO EDITORIAL, FACULTAD DE DERECHO Y CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS
Authors: OJS Administrador
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
La Lesión en el Derecho Argentino
Authors: Borda Guillermo Julio
Published: October 2020

No tiene resumen
Aspectos Problemáticos de la Prueba en el Nuevo Sistema Procesal Penal
Authors: Arana Morales William Enrique
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Kafka y el Inquisitivo
Authors: De Romaña Velarde Hugo
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Crimen y feminicidio y prevención de la tortura: a propósito de la sentencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en el caso del “Campo Algodonero”
Authors: Mariño Fernando M.
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
La garantía de la investigación oficial
Authors: Ulloa Reyna Marco Antonio
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
El patrimonio digital en el Perú
Authors: Robles Sotomayor Fernando Martín
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Handicraft small enterprises as an instrument for rural economic growth and poverty eradication
Authors: A. Abisuga-Oyekunle Oluwayemisi , Muchie Mammo
Published: October 2020

In South Africa, exploiting economic opportunities in the handicraft sector could create livelihood and employment for ordinary citizens living in rural areas. The potential contribution of handicraft small enterprises to sustainable livelihoods and poverty alleviation is yet to be fully exploited. It is also regarded as a sector with great growth potential, but the degree of support provided to the handicraft sector is low. The study aims to evaluate the socioeconomic factors influencing the viability of handicraft small businesses operating in KwaZulu-Natal. Data collection was drawn from a stratified random sample of 196 handicraft practitioners operating in different areas of KwaZulu-Natal Province with a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed with the STATA statistical package. The results obtained from the study have shown that 84 enterprises (42.86%) were not viable, whereas 112 of the 196 handicraft enterprises (57.14%) were viable. The percentage of overall correct classification for this procedure was equal to 77.96%. Percentage sensitivity for the fitted logistic regression model was equal to 60.71%. Percentage specificity for the fitted logistic regression model was equal to 82.14%. The p-value obtained from Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was equal to 0.0884 > 0.05. This indicates that the fitted logistic regression model is fairly well reliable. The findings from the analysis showed that two factors significantly influenced the viability of handicraft enterprises. These two factors were the belief that handicraft business could sustain the handicraft practitioner, and the level of support for handicraft businesses from non-governmental organizations is decreasing. AcknowledgmentSouth Africa SarChi Chair, Nation Research Fund and Department of Science and Technology, South African, for providing funding for this research.
Seeing as We Cannot
Authors: Postlethwaite Carlos Alejandro
Published: October 2020

The belief that Jastrow’s duck-rabbit (J) is both a duck-head and a rabbit-head drawing violates the Law of Non-Contradiction (LNC), as does the belief that J seems to be something independent of all the ways J can seem. Call the former belief B1 and the latter B2. I argue that B1 and B2 are rational, though contradictory beliefs, and conclude that we must reassess the LNC’s status of being a fundamental requirement for rationality. In contrast with B1 and B2, our experiences that correspond to said beliefs do comply with the LNC. That is: we cannot see J as both duck and rabbit at the same time (E1), nor does J seem something independent of the ways J can seem (E2). Since there is no satisfactory explanation for why we are not able to see J as the contradictions E1 or E2―even though our corresponding beliefs about J are the contradictions B1 and B2―I propose that the LNC is merely an empirical hypothesis concerning the limits of our perception.
Beyond Application. The Case of Environmental Ethics
Authors: Valera Luca , Vidal Gabriel , Leal Yuliana
Published: October 2020

Environmental ethics is often seen as a branch of applied ethics whose task is to offer solutions to emerging ethical dilemmas in the context of ecology. In this paper, we challenge this assumption, showing how the object of environmental ethics raises questions that go beyond that of applied ethics. We explore how the environmental issues bring up the need to inquire into the ontological status of Nature and the place of human beings in it, raising more general and far-reaching questions that do not get entrapped in the mere application. In this regard, it appears that “dwelling”, in its ontological sense, is at the bottom of these questions, creating a bridge between the ontological and the practical realm. Finally, we review classical environmental ethics’ paradigms highlighting the elements that go beyond applied ethics. And so, taking into account the different environmental ethics paradigms, we have two options: reducing the scope of the discipline and exclude the models that exceed it, or reconsidering it as an environmental philosophy tout court.
Sobre la transición de la violencia a la política en el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Paredes Goicochea Diego
Published: October 2020

En este artículo exploro el problema de la transición de la violencia a la política en el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt a partir de sus reflexiones sobre la cuestión de la guerra. Mi propósito es mostrar, en primer lugar, que el concepto de “desarrollo” resulta inadecuado para comprender, en términos arendtianos, el paso de la violencia a la política y, en segundo lugar, sugerir una comprensión alternativa de este paso a través del análisis de la interpretación que ofrece la autora sobre el tratamiento griego y romano de la guerra de Troya. Señalo, de este modo, que en vez de abordar la transición como derivación o conversión, Arendt destaca el rol de la interrupción y la discontinuidad en el tránsito de la violencia a la política.
La omisión en Tomás de Aquino y Juan de Santo Tomás
Authors: Miranda Alejandro
Published: October 2020

El propósito de este artículo es analizar la doctrina de las omisiones voluntarias en Tomás de Aquino y uno de sus comentadores del siglo XVII, Juan de Santo Tomás. Se muestra que ambos autores realizaron aportes significativos al estudio filosófico de las omisiones, los cuales pueden enriquecer el debate actual. El artículo comienza explicando algunos problemas planteados en la filosofía contemporánea a la vez que se muestra el modo en que esos mismos problemas fueron discutidos previamente en la filosofía escolástica. Después se analizan en detalle las contribuciones de Tomás de Aquino y Juan de Santo Tomas.
Ancient Artifacts of Mariinsk Forest-Steppe: First Evidence and Early Studies
Authors: German P. V.
Published: October 2020

Mariinsk forest-steppe boasts the biggest concentration of archaeological artifacts in Kuzbass. It is in this region that the first systematic field works were organized by Kemerovo archaeologists in 1950s. Previously, the ancient past of Mariinsk forest-steppe had remained a total mystery, unlike the well-explored border territories of High Ob area and Minusinsk hollow. The present article sums up all official and unpublished data on the archaeological artifacts found in North-Eastern Kuzbass in XIX century. The author links the works by I. P. Aspelin, D. A. Klements, I. P. Kuznetsov (Krasnoyarskiy), and F. R. Martin to the history of archaeological research of Mariinsk forest-steppe. The paper introduces some previously unknown archive materials that prove the interest of the local population to the ancient sites. It also describes the first ideas about the local archeology that shaped in the late XIX century. The study focuses on G. O. Ossovski who was the first to conduct an archaeological exploration and excavation in Mariinsk forest-steppe in 1895–1896, while the mining engineer P. K. Yavorovsky was the first to put value on the historical and geographical role that the region had in ancient times.
Interpreting the Image on the Konda Plaque
Authors: Ermolenko L. N.
Published: October 2020

The research featured the authentic composition on a IX–XX century plaque found near the Konda River. The article focuses on some ambiguous details of the image. For instance, the decoration of the female figure’s clothing is made up of several zones. Its motifs include scales and dots, which are known to represent animal hair in metalwork and ceramics. In general, the image revealed a certain parallelism in the ornamentation of human clothing, animal hair, and bird plumage. The author established a clear correlation between the zoning and motifs of the female dress and the stylized plumage of ornithomorphic creatures in Oriental toreutics. Therefore, the clothes the male character is trying to take off the woman may symbolize avian plumage. The author interpreted the plot depicted on the Konda plaque as the motif of stealing the avian gown of the peri, a mythical creature of medieval Asian folklore. According to legends, the hero had to steal peri’s clothes to marry her. Thus, the image of peri, which was popular in verbal folklore, proved to be quite common in visual art as well, in particular, in early Islamic art.
Residential Development in the Coal Mining Districts of the Kuznetsk Basin in 1930–1932
Authors: Sarin D. P.
Published: October 2020

The article features the problem of residential development that migrant workers had to face in the mining districts of the Kuznetsk Basin during the first five-year plan. The author identified the causes of the housing crisis in the early 1930s that forced many independent miners to abandon mining enterprises. The paper describes the agenda taken by the central government authorities of Donbass and Kuzbass in order to provide miners with housing. It focuses on the types of housing in the Kuznetsk Coal Basin according to the method of production and building patterns, including communal houses. Prefabricated standard wooden constructions made it possible to build a lot of houses in a relatively short period of time. The main mistakes included a poor material base, limited workforce, and a shortage of building materials. As a result, the initial construction program was never fulfilled. The research focused on the residential development of the coal mining town of Prokopyevsk, its types of dwellings, the number of citizens involved in mining provided with state-owned housing, and the average housing space per capita. Thanks to the housing commissioned, the housing stock was significantly increased in the coal industry in general, and, more particularly, in the Kuzbassugol coal mining trust. The extensive residential development was not aimed at improving the living conditions of miners and their families but at binding migrants to their mines in order to meet the coal-mining program of the first five-year plans.
Conceptual Signs in the Structure of the Husband (Muzh) Concept (According to the Explanatory Dictionaries of the Russian Language)
Authors: Kiseleva A. M.
Published: October 2020

The article introduces conceptual signs of the concept husband (muzh) on the basis of eight Russian explanatory dictionaries: 1) S. I. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedova’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language; 2) V. I. Dal’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Vernacular; 3) D. N. Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language; 4) Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language; 5) Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language edited by D. V. Dmitriev; 6) T. F. Efremova’s Interpretative and Derivational New Dictionary of the Russian Language; 7) S. A. Kuznetsov Great Dictionary of the Russian Language; 8) L. G. Babenko’s Big Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Nouns. The author analyzed the relevant vocabulary entries of the words representing the concept and described the selected conceptual signs with examples from the language material. Examples were taken from the National Corpora of the Russian Language (www.ruscorpora.ru). The research owes its scientific novelty to the fact that domestic and foreign linguistics has never featured the concept in question. The author appealed to the Russian linguistic culture from the perspective of the conceptual sphere of the family, marriage, and kinship. The research revealed 26 conceptual signs of the husband (muzh) concept: a spouse, a head of the family responsible for bringing the groceries from town to the country cottage where the family dwells, a mature (person), a scientist, a public figure / statesman, a person, male gender, a master, a worthy (person), valiant, courageous / bold / brave, physically strong / mighty, patient, sane, persistent, calm, decisive, hardworking, commoner / peasant (plowman / farmer / tiller), a peasant, a family man, a man (uneducated / ill-bred / rude / ignoramus / ignorant), a breadwinner. The following conceptual signs were represented by material from XVIII–XIX centuries: a public figure / statesman, a commoner / peasant (plowman / farmer / tiller), a peasant. All the conceptual signs of the husband (muzh) concept were concentrated in several aspects: family status and family responsibilities, anthropological and physiological characteristics, mental abilities, social status, moral qualities, and character traits.
Integrated Analysis of Terms from a Cognitive Point of View (Based on the Terminology of Photonic Crystals)
Authors: Kuleshova V. O.
Published: October 2020

The article proposes a comprehensive methodology approach to terminological systems. The methodology involves several stages. The first one involves a semantic analysis. Then follows a structural model of the terminology in question based on the logical connections between objects and processes of a certain special field and their reflection in the professional language. Finally, the researcher discloses the pragmatic potential of terminology units and demonstrates their role in determining the position of the terminological system in the scientific view of the world. The research objective was to describe and apply this approach to the analysis of the terminology of photonic crystals. The study featured the terminology of photonic crystals. The terms were selected from several scientific books. The author employed the following methods: the method of semantic analysis, a cognitive approach to describing the structure of the terminology, and contextual analysis. The author revealed a close relationship between the internal form of the term and the sign. Understanding the internal form of the term makes it possible to determine the place of the term in the terminology, which guarantees it correct interpretation and use. The article introduces a convolved model of the terminological structure of photonic crystals and explains how the terms are organized within the terminological system and how the terminological system can be embedded in the scientific view of the world. The author highlighted the role of general terms in integrating terminological systems into the scientific view of the world and in the relationship between different terminological systems. The most accurate definition of the boundaries of the terminology is possible only in the context where the term can fully exercise its meaning.
Oppositional Reduction within the System of English Pronoun
Authors: Terenin A. V.
Published: October 2020

The article focuses on the English pronoun and its ability to substitute its counterpart by this or that opposition. In linguistics, this phenomenon is referred to as oppositional reduction or oppositional substitution. Oppositional reduction is well-research in the systems of noun and verb; however, it has but only cursory mentions in regard of the pronoun. It is this circumstance that encouraged the author to focus on the problem. Grounding his speculations by M. J. Blokh’s ideas, the author dwells on several language phenomena that promote reduction in the oppositions within the categories of number, gender, and case, as well as various oppositions of the English pronoun. The research objective was to structure the available information on the problem, as well as to identify varieties of oppositional reduction in the system of the English pronoun. The article contains historical reference, the main provisions of the fundamental theory, and the scientific experience in solving various issues of oppositional reduction. The author dwells on research material and methods, focusing on the contextual analysis. The paper classified oppositional reduction, illustrating each type by examples from written sources of various genres.
Efficiency of saprolite for removingE. colifrom simulated wastewater
Authors: Gardner T. , Vepraskas M. J. , Amoozegar A.
Published: October 2020

Saprolite, weathered bedrock, is being used to dispose of domestic sewage through septic system drainfields, but its ability to remove coliforms is unknown. This study determined if Escherichia coli could be removed by a sandy loam saprolite material. Triplicate columns containing saprolite were prepared with lengths of 30, 45, and 60 cm. A 215-mL solution containing 1 × 105 CFU/100 mL of non-toxic E. coli was applied to the top of each column for 5 days/week for 13 weeks, and selected outflow samples were analyzed for E. coli. Control columns had only tap water applied to them at the same time. Significantly higher (p ≤ 0.10 compared to controls) E. coli concentrations were only detected in samples collected at the end of week 3 for the 30-cm columns and week 4 for the 45-cm columns. E. coli concentrations were small and ranged from approximately 2 to 3 MPN/100 mL. No E. coli were detected in any outflow from the 60-cm columns. From weeks 5 to 13, E. coli concentrations from all columns were either undetectable or not significantly different from the control. The results showed that 60 cm of sandy loam saprolite was sufficient for the removal of E. coli from simulated wastewater.
Comparison of Outcomes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions Using Patellar Tendon or Hamstring Tendon Autografts with Femoral Cross-pin Fixation
Authors: UNAL Ömer Kays , SUR Ülkü , DAĞTAŞ Mirza Zafer , DEMİRAĞ Burak
Published: October 2020

Aim: In this study, we aimed to compare outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions using bone–patellar tendon–bone graft (BPTG) or hamstring tendon graft (HTG) with cross-pin fixation at the femoral side.

Materials and Methods: The retrospective observational study included records of 100 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with femoral cross-pin fixation between May 2008 and August 2012. The patients were divided into two groups according to the graft type used: the BPTG group and the HTG group. The preoperative and postoperative 6th-month Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (TLKS) scores, International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (IKDC-SKF) scores, and Lachman test results were compared. The effects of meniscus lesion presence on the outcomes were also investigated.

Results: Of the 100 patients, 93 were male and 7 female. The HTG and BPTG groups consisted of 62 and 38 patients, respectively. The mean age was 24.1±4.9 (18–38) years for the HTG group and 32.1±6.8 (21–54) years for the BPTG group. The mean pre- and postoperative TLKS scores were respectively 50.5 and 94.3 in the BPTG group, and 49.9 and 95.2 in the HTG group. The mean pre- and postoperative IKDC-SKF scores were 51.3 and 95.6 in the BPTG group, and 51.8 and 95.6 in the HTG group. The postoperative score improvement was statistically significant in all patients (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The postoperative improvement in knee stability was statistically significant in all patients (p<0.05). The postoperative score improvement was less in patients with meniscal injury (p<0.05).

Discussion and Conclusion: We found no significant difference between the two groups in terms of functional knee scores. However, the presence of meniscus lesions negatively affects the postoperative outcomes.
Urgent Problems of References Arrangement in Research Documents
Authors: Avdeeva N. V. , Sus I. V.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of research.Currently, the problem of plagiarism is quite relevant and affects the scientific and educational spheres. Thus, the experts of the Russian State Library have organized special research, and they are issuing a series of articles devoted to that activity. Within the framework of fighting plagiarism and other negative phenomena, it becomes necessary to highlight mostly wide-spread problems of reference-arrangement for research papers, and to outline possible solutions for them. We will consider this issue in the first article of the series.

Materialsand methods.In order to achieve the aforementioned target the article uses the results of the plagiarism tests for research papers carried out by the Russian State Library with the help of specially designed software “Antiplagiat.RSL”.

Results.The common defects of research papers are: inclusion of fictitious sources into the reference list, lack of homogeneity in reference arrangement, inadequate references to the groups of sources, quoting the derivative sources instead of the original one, spreading false information because of blind copying other researchers’ mistakes. Plagiarism tests carried out over scientific texts helped to identify the most frequent incorrect borrowings (overlapping wording of conclusions and generalizations, the same sentences used for describing results and methods, as well as word – for – word reproduced literature reviews). The documents revealed to become sources for such plagiaristic borrowings would often be works of research advisors and other authoritative specialists, candidate dissertation theses close in theme or structure, earlier publications of authors themselves, including those written in co-authorship.

Conclusion.Numerous flaws are made by emerging authors due to the lack of knowledge, that is why students’ and post-graduates’ efficient training in work with GOST state standards as well as the quality of educational and methodological literature in research-paper writing would be of use. The article offers ways of improvement for research publication arrangement and specialized software products destined to make reference arrangement automatic.
The Genetic Polymorphism of CYP3A4 rs2242480 is Associated with Sirolimus Trough Concentrations Among Adult Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lolita Lolita , Zheng Ming , Zhang Xiang , Han Zhijian , Tao Jun , Fei Shuang , Wang Zijie , Guo Miao , Yang Haiwei , Ju Xiaobing , Tan Ruoyun , Wei Ji-Fu , Gu Min
Published: October 2020

Background::

The large interindividual variability in the genetic polymorphisms of sirolimus (SIR)-
metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and receptors can lead to qualitatively and quantitatively distinct therapeutic
responses.

Objective::

We examined the impact of numerous candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved
in the trough concentration of SIR-based immunosuppressant regimen.

Method::

This is a retrospective, long-term cohort study involving 69 renal allograft recipients. Total DNA was
isolated from recipient blood samples and trough SIR concentrations were measured by microparticle enzyme
immunoassay. Genome sequence reading was targeted based on next-generation sequencing. The association of
tagger SNPs to SIR trough concentrations with non-genetic covariate adjusting was analyzed using logistic regression.

Results::

A total of 300 SNPs were genotyped in the recipient DNA samples using target sequencing analysis.
Only the SNP of CYP3A4 (Ch7: 99361466 C>T, rs2242480) had a significantly higher association with SIR
trough concentration as compared to the other 36 tagger SNPs. The mean trough SIR concentration of patients
in the CYP3A4 rs2242480-CC group was more significant compared to that of the CYP3A4 rs2242480-TC and
TT group, respectively 533.3; 157.4 and 142.5 (ng/ml)/mg/kg, P<0.0001. After adjusting the SNPs, there was
no significant association between clinical factors such as age, follow-up period, the incidence of delayed graft
function, immunosuppression protocol, and sex with SIR trough concentration.

Conclusion::

These findings indicated a significant association of polymorphism in the CYP3A4 (Ch7:
99361466 C>T, rs2242480) with SIR trough concentration after 1-year administration in patients who have undergone
kidney transplantation.
Differentiation of Endometriomas from Hemorrhagic Cysts at Magnetic Resonance: The Role of Quantitative Signal Intensity Measurements
Authors: Lupean Roxana-Adelina , Ștefan Paul-Andrei , Lebovici Andrei , Csutak Csaba , Rusu Georgeta Mihaela , Mihu Carmen Mihaela
Published: October 2020

Background:

Endometriomas and functional hemorrhagic cysts (FHCs) are a common
gynecological encounter.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
using signal intensity measurements in differentiating endometriomas from FHCs.

Methods:

Forty-six patients who underwent pelvic MRI examinations (endometriomas, n=28;
FHCs, n=18) were retrospectively included. The “T2 shading” sign was evaluated subjectively and
quantitatively by measuring the T1-T2 signal intensity difference and calculating the percentage of
signal decrease between T1 and T2-weighted sequences. The resulted values, along with the measurement
of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) and the signal intensity on three diffusion-
weighted sequences (DWI) (b50, b400, and b800), were compared between groups by using the
Mann–Whitney U test. Also, the receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for the
statistically significant results (P<0.016), and the area under the curve (AUC) was also calculated.

Results:

The two quantitative assessment methods showed similar efficiency in detecting endometriomas
(P<0.001; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 81.82%; AUC>0.86), outperforming the classic
subjective evaluation of the “T2 shading” sign (sensitivity, 92.86%; specificity, 66.67%). ADC
(P=0.52) and DWI measurements (P=0.49, P=0.74, and P=0.78) failed to distinguish between the
two entities.

Conclusion:

The quantitative analysis and interpretation of the “T2 shading” sign can significantly
improve the differential diagnosis between endometriomas and FHCs.
Ectopic Cervical Thymus: A Common, yet Rarely Symptomatic Pediatric Neck Mass
Authors: Rousslang Lee , Meldrum Jaren , Veronica Rooks , Poutre Augustah , Biega Timothy
Published: October 2020

Ectopic thymic tissue is an unusual finding that is generally asymptomatic. We present a case series of five pediatric patients with cervical ectopic thymuses. In two patients, the ectopic thymic tissue was symptomatic, and in three patients, it was an incidental finding. We highlight the need to include this anomaly in the differential diagnosis for a pediatric neck mass. We also propose observation, rather than surgical excision, as the treatment of choice for asymptomatic cervical ectopic thymus.
Evaluation of Toxicity and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Spondias Mombin l. Leaves Methanolic Extract in Laboratory Rats
Authors: Porwal Mayur , Gautam Sandeep K. , Khan Najam A. , Maheshwari Kamal K.
Published: October 2020

Aims::

To study the toxicological profile and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Spondias mombin leaves methanolic extract in experimental rats.

Objective::

This study was carried out to investigate the toxicological profile and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of methanolic extract of leaves of Spondias mombin.

Methods:

The acute toxicity study was carried out where the limited dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight was administered to five rats at 48 h intervals. The interpretation was prepared and recorded for 24 h. In the sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg doses of the extract every 24 h for 28 days. The hematological, biochemical, and histopathological tests of treated animals were carried out at the end of the test. The anti-hyperlipidemic activity of plant extract (100, 200 mg/kg) was studied on Triton-X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Histopathological changes in the liver of rats were examined.

Result::

For acute and subacute treatment, the extract did not reveal any signs of toxicity or mortality, or any significant effects on hematological, biochemical parameters, and histopathology of organs. The extract demonstrated an important anti-hyperlipidemic result by decreasing the serum levels of cholesterol, TGs, LDL, VLDL, and enhancing HDL.

Conclusion::

Taking up the evidence of the experimental study, we can conclude that the methanolic extract of Spondias mombin leaves helps in declining hyperlipidemia in rats and it can be safely used for a period of 28 days to treat hyperlipidemia.
Analytical GC-FID Method for the Determination of Organic Solvents in Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Hassan Hishar , Othman Muhammad Faiz , Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin , Saad Fathinul Fikri Ahmad , Abdul Razak Hairil Rashmizal
Published: October 2020

Background::

Organic solvents play an indispensable role in most of the radiopharmaceutical production stages. It is almost impossible to remove them entirely in the final formulation of the product.

Objective::

In this presented work, an analytical method by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) has been developed to determine organic solvents in radiopharmaceutical samples. The effect of injection hold time, temperature variation in the injection port, and the column temperature on the analysis time and resolution (R ≥ 1.5) of ethanol and acetonitrile were studied extensively.

Methods::

The experimental conditions were optimized with the aid of further statistical analysis; thence, the proposed method was validated following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R1) guideline.

Results::

The proposed analytical method surpassed the acceptance criteria including the linearity >
0.990 (correlation coefficient of R2), precision < 2%, LOD, and LOQ, accuracy > 90% for all solvents.
The separation between ethanol and acetonitrile was acceptable with a resolution R > 1.5.
Further statistical analysis of Oneway ANOVA revealed that the increment in injection holding
time and variation of temperature at the injection port did not significantly affect the analysis time.
Nevertheless, the variation in injection port temperature substantially influenced the resolution of
ethanol and acetonitrile peaks (p < 0.05).

Conclusion::

The proposed analytical method has been successfully implemented to determine the
organic solvent in the [18F]fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine ([18F]FET), [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO),
and [18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT).
JIGSAW LEARNING STRATEGY IN A DIVERSE SCIENCE-CLASSROOM SETTING: FEASIBILITY, CHALLENGES, AND ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Effendi Hasibuan Muhammad Haris , Fuldiaratman Fuldiaratman , Dewi Fatria , Sulistiyo Urip , Hindarti Susi
Published: October 2020

Jigsaw learning strategy is considered effective in enhancing students’ learning outcomes. Yet, it is problematic for a science classroom that contains educational challenges. The aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of the jigsaw learning in science classes in Indonesian classrooms. This included the feasibility of the jigsaw strategy, the challenges that interfered with the implementations, and the necessary approach to fit the strategy with the challenges. A qualitative case study was used. Three chemistry classes (each consisted of 35 grade 11 students) and a chemistry teacher were involved in this study. Data were collected from classroom observations and interviews. The findings showed that jigsaw learning was not fully feasible as it could not be completely implemented in the participating classes. Unsupportive educational settings such as time limitation, large population, the ill-sized classroom, teacher’s lack of participation and the complexity of the jigsaw structure had influenced the lack of success of the implementations. Rather than seeking help from educational supports that normally involves a financial-concern educational policy, this study recommends adjusting the jigsaw structure to increase its feasibility in such learning condition.
THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR ON SCHOOL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Hidayat Nandang , Wulandari Farida
Published: October 2020

Abstract: Principal leadership is an important component that determines the direction and achievement of school performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the behavior and formulate a theoretical model of the Structural Equation Model (SEM) dimension of the principal leadership on school performance. This study used a qualitative approach using the phenomenological method. Participants in this study were 8 principals and 16 teachers from 8 private junior high schools in the Bogor City and Regency. Data collection employed in-depth interview techniques, observation of work behavior, and document review. Data validity was based on credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability criteria during the data collection. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of organizing data, sorting them into manageable units, searching and finding patterns, synthesizing, and drawing conclusions. This research finds the following: 1) the leadership behavior of private secondary school principals to achieve optimal school performance tends to be situational and conditional; 2) interrelation in the form of direct or indirect causal relationships between the principal leadership behavior and the school performance can be formulated in the form of the theoretical SEM consisting of a four-level dimension of the principal leadership.