bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF A BONE REINFORCEMENT TECHNIQUE USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: FREITAS ANDERSON , SILVA LUCAS CARREIRO DA , GODINHO NATHAN DRUMOND VASCONCELOS , FARVARDIN AMIRHOSSEIN , ARMAND MEHRAN , PAULA ANA PATRÍCIA DE
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare the results of a simulated fall on the greater trochanter in the proximal portion of a synthetic femur before and after femoral reinforcement with tricalcium phosphate bone cement (TP) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), using finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Using two synthetic proximal femurs, a FEA simulating a fall on the greater trochanter was performed, using the Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) program. For this analysis, the femurs were filled with TP and PMMA after perforations were created in the trochanteric region and neck. The results were compared with the strength values obtained from testing the control specimen, a synthetic bone without reinforcement. Results: FEA showed a value of 600 N prior to reinforcement. After cementing with PMMA, the load increased by 57.5% (945 N), and by 53% (920 N) after cementing with TP. Conclusion: Synthetic femurs gained resistance to fracture-causing forces in a simulated fall on the trochanter after bone reinforcement with PMMA and TP. Level of Evidence III; Experimental study.
HOW DO BOARD-CERTIFIED HAND SURGEONS MANAGE CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME? A NATIONAL SURVEY
Authors: OKAMURA ALDO , GUIDETTI BRUNA CALVI , CASELLI RAPHAEL , BORRACINI JONAS APARECIDO , MORAES VINICIUS YNOE DE , BELLOTI JOÃO CARLOS
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate tendencies in the planning, diagnosis, and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) by Brazilian hand surgery specialists. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at the 36th Brazilian Hand Surgery Congress. We prepared a questionnaire about preferences in the management of CTS, and board-certified hand surgeons that attended the congress were asked to fill out the questionnaires. A total of 174 questionnaires were analyzed. Results: Electromyography examination is used by most surgeons. Night splinting is the most commonly used conservative treatment option. Half of the surgeons utilized prophylactic antibiotics. Most of the interviewees conduct inpatient surgery in the operating room and prefer intravenous regional anesthesia. Most of surgeons use the standard open technique associated with proximal release of the antebrachial fascia and do not perform neurolysis. Compressive dressings are most commonly used for 7 days. Conclusion: The approach to CTS among Brazilian hand surgeons with regard to pre-, intra-, and post-operatory conduct is consistent with the international literature. However, there is a need to reflect and conduct new studies on non-surgical treatment involving local corticosteroid injection, use of prophylactic antibiotics, hospital admission, and type of anesthesia in order to provide more cost-effective approach to surgical treatment for CTS. Level of Evidence V; Expert opinion.
AGREEMENT IN DIAGNOSIS OF KNEE INJURIES BY ORTHOPEDISTS WITH CLINICAL EXPERIENCE IN KNEE TREATMENT
Authors: PROTTA THIAGO ROCHA , SANTOS LARA GUERCIO DOS , KUSABARA ALEXANDRE , PHILIP DIEGO , GRISPUN JONAS , NAVARRO MARCELO SCHIMITD
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the level of agreement in diagnosing knee injury among orthopedists with clinical experience in knee treatment. Method: An online questionnaire was used to analyze the ability of orthopedic knee surgeons to diagnose intra-articular knee injuries using MRI, the importance given to this test in their clinical practice, and the agreement between these diagnoses and the radiology report. Results: The study participants considered MRI an important tool for clarifying inconclusive diagnoses and surgical planning. The level of agreement between the surgeons and the radiologist was considered to be very slight for posterior cruciate ligament injuries, collateral ligament injuries, and chondral injuries, and was considered slight for anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries. Conclusion: A diagnosis of intra-articular knee injury must be based on the patient history, physical examination, and radiological imaging (MRI) in order to provide a complete approach to the patient. Level of Evidence III; Clinical study.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND BODY COMPOSITION IN ELDERLY
Authors: ALONSO ANGÉLICA CASTILHO , GONÇALVES TUANE ANDREATTA , ALMEIDA JENIFER KRISTINA ALVES DE , MACHADO-LIMA ADRIANA , ERNANDES RITA DE CÁSSIA , GREVE JULIA MARIA D’ANDRÉA , GARCEZ-LEME LUIZ EUGÊNIO
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in healthy older adults at different skeletal sites. Methods: We analyzed 87 medical records and BMD along with the body composition of men ranging from 60 to 87 years of age (mean: 68.5, standard deviation: 6.5). Inclusion criteria were normal BMD values (T-score greater than or equal to -1.0) and body mass index within normal or overweight range (18.5 to 29.5 kg/m2). Body composition was evaluated using bone densitometry with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in a LUNAR-DPX apparatus. Results: Greater lean mass, fat mass, and soft tissue was associated with better BMD values in older adults, and higher age was associated with poorer BMD. Conclusion: Body composition (lean and fat masses and soft tissue) in older men is positively associated with BMD at all body sites (arms, legs, and trunk). Level of Evidence II; Prognostic studies - Investigating the effect of a patient characteristic on the outcome of disease.
EFFECT OF THE P.A.R.Q.V.E ON RHIZARTHRITIS
Authors: REAES FABIO MAZETTI , IVO MAURICIO MENEZES ABEN ATHAR , SCARCELLA DANIELE DOS SANTOS , ALMEIDA LIGIA CORTEZ , SUZUKI ROSANA MAYUMI , REZENDE MARCIA UCHOA DE
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of a clinical management program involving education on hand function in patients with rhizarthritis. Methods: One hundred and eight patients with rhizarthritis and multiple arthritis (191 hands with clinical and radiographic rhizarthritis) followed for two years as part of an educational program on osteoarthritis were administered the SF-36, DASH, and HAQ questionnaires and measured for the strength of their palmar grip, pulp to pulp pinch, key (lateral) pinch, and tripod pinch at the time of inclusion and after 24 months. Age, race, level and frequency of physical activity, sex, body mass index, percentage of body fat, and degree of osteoarthritis were correlated to the test outcomes. Results: Women improved less than men on the HAQ (p=0.037). Each 1% reduction in fat percentage increased the chance of HAQ score improvement by 9.2% (p=0.038). Physical activity did not influence improvement in the parameters evaluated (p>0.05). Palmar grip improvement was affected by age and presence of rhizarthritis (p<0.05); patients with unilateral rhizarthritis improved 5.3 times more than patients without the disease (p=0.015), while improvement in palmar grip strength decreased 6.8% per year (p=0.004). Pulp pinch grip strength improved more in women than in men (p=0.018). Conclusion: Patients with rhizarthritis and multiple arthritis improved quality of life and grip strength through clinical treatment, an educational program, and fat loss. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective study.
INDICADORES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS E FATORES DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR EM TRABALHADORES RURAIS
Authors: Pohl Hildegard Hedwig , Arnold Elise Ferreira , Dummel Kely Lisandra , Cerentini Taís Marques , Reuter Éboni Marília , Reckziegel Miriam Beatris
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Introdução: A obesidade tem provocado diversos agravos à saúde, impulsionada pela industrialização, avanços tecnológicos, urbanização e estilo de vida; esses aspectos estão relacionados com disfunções cardiovasculares. Diversos fatores estão associados aos problemas saúde da população, os quais podem ser previamente identificados com técnicas simples, como medidas antropométricas e escores de risco, usadas para determinar possíveis riscos. Objetivo: Relacionar variáveis antropométricas com o Escore de Risco de Framingham (ERF) em trabalhadores rurais. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 138 trabalhadores rurais, submetidos ao questionário de estilo de vida, avaliação antropométrica, bioquímica, cardiovascular e determinação do ERF. A antropometria foi estimada com os indicadores índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura (CC), relação cintura-quadril (RCQ), índice de conicidade (IC) e razão circunferência cintura-estatura (RCEst); o perfil bioquímico identificou colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, triglicerídeos e glicemia; a função cardiovascular foi avaliada pela pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica em repouso. A partir das informações, os sujeitos foram classificados segundo o ERF em G1 (baixo risco), G2 (risco intermediário) e G3 (alto risco). As análises estatísticas constaram de frequência e percentual, comparação de médias pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis, e correlação de Pearson ou Spearman, considerando p < 0,05. Resultados: Com relação aos ERF, 81,4% sujeitos do sexo feminino e 51,9% do masculino apresentaram baixo risco cardiovascular, com mais da metade dos trabalhadores com respostas inadequadas nos parâmetros RCQ (58,7%), RCEst (67,4%), CT (58,0%) e LDL (52,9%). Na relação do total de pontos absolutos do ERF com as variáveis antropométricas, CC e RCEst demonstraram correlações fracas (0,293 e 0,175, respectivamente) e RCQ e IC, correlações moderadas (0,475 e 0,459, respectivamente). Conclusão: Alguns indicadores antropométricos (RCQ e IC) apresentaram relações mais fortes com o ERF, apontando que são mais efetivas em determinadas populações, além de indicar a maior probabilidade de eventos cardiovasculares nos trabalhadores rurais. Nível de Evidência III; Estudos diagnósticos - Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico.
COMPARAÇÃO DE DOIS PROTOCOLOS DE ALONGAMENTO PARA AMPLITUDE DE MOVIMENTO E FORÇA DINÂMICA
Authors: César Eurico Peixoto , Silva Tamara Karina da , Rezende Yara Mônica , Alvim Felipe Costa
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Introdução: Apesar de existirem evidências sobre o efeito agudo do alongamento estático sobre a força dinâmica, pouco se sabe se o volume total do protocolo é mais importante do que o tempo individual dedicado a cada série. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de duas rotinas distintas de alongamento estático com mesmo volume total, sobre a amplitude de movimento (ADM) passiva, a ativação muscular (EMGRMS e EMGFM) e o desempenho da força de resistência (10-RM). Métodos: Catorze indivíduos do sexo masculino foram submetidos a três procedimentos diferentes, de forma randomizada: a) condição controle (CC), b) alongamento estático fracionado (AL-30 s) e c) alongamento estático contínuo (AL-2 min.). Para medir a ADM usou-se o método de fotogrametria digital, e o desempenho da força e a ativação mioelétrica foram aferidos pelos testes de 10-RM no exercício leg press unilateral e pelo registro do sinal eletromiográfico do músculo vasto lateral (VL), respectivamente. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa na ADM nas comparações de AL-2 minutos vs. CC (P = 0,006) e AL-30 s vs. CC (P = 0,01). As duas condições de alongamento promoveram aumentos agudos significativos na ADM nas comparações anterior e imediatamente após (P = 0,0001; 144,2 ± 10,2 vs. 152,2 ± 10,5 para AL-30 s e 147,4 ± 11,9 vs. 155,1 ± 9,9 para AL-2 min.), porém, sem diferença entre os procedimentos. Não houve diferença significativa para nenhuma das outras variáveis testadas. Conclusão: Rotinas contínuas e fracionadas de alongamento estático com menor volume podem ser utilizadas para aumentar de forma aguda os níveis de ADM sem provocar prejuízo nos níveis de força ou de ativação muscular. Nível de Evidência II; ECRC de menor qualidade.
FTO POLYMORPHISM AND PHYSICAL FITNESS IN OBESE SCHOOLCHILDREN AFTER AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM
Authors: Moraes Greice Graziela , Reuter Cézane Priscila , Klinger Elisa Inês , Prá Daniel , Valim Andréia Rosane de Moura , Burgos Miria Suzana
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Recent studies have shown that the association of FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism with obesity depends on the level of the individual’s physical activity. However, there are some studies that evaluated physical fitness, health, and motor performance in relation to the rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism. Objective: To evaluate how the rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism affects the results of physical fitness tests related to health and athletic performance in schoolchildren after 4 months of intervention of physical exercise. Method: The rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism was genotyped in a total of 36 schoolchildren from southern Brazil, aged 8 to 16 years. Body mass index (BMI), health-related physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, abdominal strength/endurance, and flexibility) and motor performance (upper and lower limb strength, agility, and speed) were evaluated. The intervention included exercise strategies based on Physical Education, healthy eating, and oral and postural care. Results: In the experimental group, after the intervention, significant differences were noted in individuals with the TT genotype. These individuals showed improvements in abdominal strength (p=0.025), lower limb strength (p=0.037) and agility (p=0.021). For individuals with the AA/AT genotype, improvements in flexibility (p=0.026), abdominal strength (p=0.002), upper limb strength (p=0.008) and lower limb strength (p=0.001) were observed. However, these differences were not statistically significant when comparing the TT and AT/AA genotypes. Conclusions: The experimental group showed improvements in abdominal strength, lower limb strength, and speed. Yet, individuals with different genotypes (AA/AT and TT) for polymorphism rs9939609 exhibited similar values for indicators of physical fitness, health, and motor performance. Level of Evidence II; Lesser quality RCT.
AVALIAÇÃO DA ROTULAGEM DE SUPLEMENTOS ENERGÉTICOS EM BRASÍLIA
Authors: Sasaki Carolina Amâncio Louly , Mareth Bruna Lira , Arruda Sandra Fernandes , Costa Teresa Helena Macedo da
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Introdução: A legislação brasileira dispõe de regulamentação para a comercialização de suplementos para atletas. Nesse contexto, um dos suplementos muito utilizados para atletas são os energéticos ricos em carboidratos, os quais são excelentes fontes de energia para o exercício. Objetivo: Avaliar a adequação da rotulagem de suplementos energéticos à base de carboidratos comercializados em Brasília, Distrito Federal, de acordo com a legislação vigente. Métodos: Foram avaliados rótulos de produtos comercializados em farmácias e lojas de suplementos nutricionais na região do Plano Piloto de Brasília. As informações avaliadas nos rótulos foram uso pretendido do produto, composição específica, presença de frase obrigatória e ausência de imagens e expressões proibidas de acordo com a Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada número 18/2010 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Resultados: Foram catalogados 60 produtos nacionais e importados. Verificou-se que 75% da amostra apresentaram algum item em desacordo com a resolução. A presença da frase obrigatória em negrito e em destaque foi o item com maior percentual de inadequação (73,3%). Além disso, houve casos de a declaração obrigatória estar redigida com significado oposto. Todos os suplementos atenderam à legislação no que se refere ao teor mínimo de carboidratos relativo ao valor energético total do produto e à quantidade mínima de carboidratos na porção do produto. Conclusões: Considerando-se que 75% dos suplementos à base de carboidratos apresentaram inadequação de rotulagem e que a inadequação mais frequente foi a ausência ou redação incorreta da frase obrigatória nos rótulos dos suplementos, conclui-se que esse tipo de irregularidade atende aos interesses da indústria e não necessariamente aos interesses do consumidor. A presença da declaração obrigatória no produto é um requisito facilmente fiscalizável, portanto, destaca-se a necessidade de fiscalização na comercialização dos suplementos energéticos. Nível de Evidência III; Análises econômicas e de decisão - Desenvolvimento de modelo econômico ou de decisão.
AORTIC POST-RESISTANCE EXERCISE HYPOTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Correia Marilia de Almeida , Andrade-Lima Aluísio , Germano-Soares Antônio Henrique , Cucato Gabriel Grizzo , Costa Eduardo Caldas , Ritti-Dias Raphael Mendes
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: A single session of resistance training decreases brachial blood pressure (BP) in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, it is not known whether similar responses occur in aortic BP, which is a better predictor of cardiovascular risk. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of a single session of resistance training on aortic BP in PAD patients. Methods: This randomized, crossover, controlled trial involved 16 patients. All of them performed a session of resistance training (R - 3 x 10 reps in eight exercises, 5-7 on the OMNI Scale) and a control session (C - resting for 50 min). Before and after each session, aortic BP was assessed by applanation tonometry technique. Results: There was an increase in systolic (P<0.002) and mean (P<0.001) aortic BP in both sessions; however, higher increases were observed in C session (P<0.001). Additionally, diastolic aortic BP only increased after C session (P=0.004). The hypotensive effect of the exercise on systolic, diastolic, and mean aortic BP were -12±2, -6±2, and -7±2 mmHg, respectively. Conclusion: A single session of resistance training promoted a hypotensive effect on aortic BP of patients with PAD, indicating an acute reduction in cardiovascular risk in this population. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the results of treatment.
OVERLAPPING OF FUNCTIONAL ESOPHAGEAL DISORDERS AND IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, IN MUSICIANS AND ATHLETES
Authors: Nedelcut Sebastian , Leucuta Daniel-Corneliu , Dumitrascu Dan Lucian
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are the most common disorders in the general population. These disorders can overlap, decreasing the quality of life. Objective: We analyzed the prevalence of functional esophageal disorders (FED) and irritable bowel disease (IBS), and their overlapping and associated factors in musicians and athletes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using FGID and associated factors questionnaires administered to four groups: instrumentalists, singers, athletes, and a control group of healthy volunteers. Results: Of the 161 subjects, 62 (38.51%) had only FED, 76 (47.2%) had only IBS, and 23 (14.29%) had FED-IBS overlap. Subjects with FED-IBS overlap had more severe symptoms of IBS, especially hard and lumpy stools and constipation, compared to those with IBS alone. IBS subtype was more frequent in the overlap group, while not specified IBS type was less frequent. Regarding FED, we found that subjects with FED-IBS overlap had more functional heartburn and less functional dysphagia symptoms. There was a higher risk of overlap in instrumentalists and smokers. Conclusions: FED and IBS are frequently encountered in musicians and athletes. Subjects with FED-IBS overlap presented more frequent and severe symptoms. Instrumentalists and smokers are at higher risk of overlap. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.
CRIOTERAPIA EM MODELO DE COMPRESSÃO DO NERVO ISQUIÁTICO: ANÁLISE FUNCIONAL E MORFOLÓGICA
Authors: Karvat Jhenifer , Vieira Lizyana , Kakihata Camila Mayumi Martin , Antunes Juliana Sobral , Ribeiro Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko , Brancalhão Rose Meire Costa , Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Introdução: A crioterapia é uma modalidade terapêutica que visa reduzir processos álgicos e inflamatórios, sendo que a imersão é considerada a forma mais eficaz; no entanto, a literatura apresenta possíveis efeitos deletérios com relação à aplicação da crioterapia em nervos superficiais. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da crioterapia em modelo experimental de compressão do nervo isquiático em ratos Wistar, por meio de análise funcional e morfológica. Métodos: Foram utilizados 42 ratos, sendo seis animais por grupo: G1 - controle, submetido à eutanásia no 15º dia de pós-operatório (PO); G2, G3 e G4 - submetidos à compressão do nervo isquiático, submetidos à eutanásia no 3º, 8º e 15º dias de PO, respectivamente; G5, G6 e G7 - submetidos à compressão do nervo isquiático e tratados com crioterapia, submetidos à eutanásia no 3º, 8º e 15º dias de PO, respectivamente. As avaliações do índice funcional do isquiático (IFC) e do teste de incapacidade funcional aconteceram nos momentos pré-lesão, no 2º de PO e no dia da eutanásia em cada grupo com lesão. Após o período de intervenção, os animais foram devidamente anestesiados e o nervo isquiático distal ao procedimento de compressão foi dissecado e coletado para análise morfológica. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de ANOVA mista, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Houve diminuição do IFC após a lesão e o teste de incapacidade funcional mostrou aumento do tempo de elevação da pata. Com relação à análise morfológica, o G1 apresentou fibras nervosas com aspecto normal e nos grupos com lesão houve degeneração nervosa, sendo que o G6 teve uma discreta recuperação das fibras nervosas, além de leve regeneração no G4 e G7. Conclusão: A crioterapia não foi eficaz para recuperar os parâmetros funcionais analisados, entretanto, houve discreta melhora dos aspectos morfológicos do grupo submetido à eutanásia no 8º dia de PO. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
PROPRIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS DA ESCALA DE SATISFAÇÃO COM A VIDA NO CONTEXTO ESPORTIVO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Silva Walan Robert da , Ferrari Elisa Pinheiro , Vieira Mariluce , Melo Gislane , Cardoso Fernando Luiz
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Introdução: O bem-estar subjetivo é um construto referente à percepção que as pessoas têm de sua vida e à avaliação que dela fazem. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida no contexto esportivo brasileiro. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 593 atletas (371 homens), sendo 180 (30,4%) praticantes de modalidades individuais e 413 (69,4%) de modalidades coletivas. Por meio de análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, foi possível verificar que os itens carregaram em apenas um domínio, com índices de ajuste adequados (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0,99; Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI] = 0,98; standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0,016; standardized root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0,026), confirmando o pressuposto de unidimensionalidade do construto. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados indicaram boa consistência interna (α = 0,804) e correlação estatisticamente significante entre todos os itens (p < 0,05). A análise de covariância demonstrou que a satisfação com a vida foi influenciada pela idade (F [4,568] p < 0,033), ou seja, a pontuação do instrumento variou em função da idade do respondente. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida apresenta excelentes propriedades psicométricas para o uso em atletas, constituindo uma opção viável para a mensuração da satisfação com a vida no contexto esportivo. Nível de Evidência I; Teste de critérios diagnósticos desenvolvidos anteriormente em pacientes consecutivos (com padrão de referência “ouro” aplicado).
PHYSICAL EXERCISE AFTER IMMOBILIZATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE OF ADULT AND AGED RATS
Authors: Koike Tatiana Emy , Watanabe Adriana Yukie , Kodama Fábio Yoshikazu , Ozaki Guilherme Akio Tamura , Castoldi Robson Chacon , Garcia Thiago Alves , Camargo Regina Celi Trindade , Camargo Filho José Carlos Silva
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Immobilization is a treatment technique often used to reduce pain and prevent worsening of the injury. However, it promotes harmful effects on musculoskeletal tissue, resulting in a marked loss of muscle function, which may be aggravated in the elderly. Physical exercise is an important intervention to mitigate these harmful effects. Objective: To analyze possible morphometric changes in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats after immobilization and remobilization with physical exercise. Methods: Fifty-six rats were divided into adult (A) and aged (E) groups and subdivided into adult and aged control (AC and EC), immobilized (AI and EI), free remobilized (AIF and EIF), and remobilized through physical exercise (AIE and EIE). The hind limbs were immobilized with the gastrocnemius muscle in a shortened position for a period of seven days, except for the control group. The exercise protocol consisted of five swimming sessions, once per day (25 minutes/session). The animals were euthanized by administration of an overdose of ketamine hydrochloride plus xylazine hydrochloride, followed by sample collection and preparation of hematoxylin and eosin slides. Measurements of the smallest diameter of 120 muscle fibers of each animal were taken with software NIS-Elements D3.0 - SP7 - Nikon® instruments Inc., NY, USA. Results: There was a significant reduction in the mean fiber diameter in the AI (38.43 µm ± 4.20; p=0.01) and AIF (36.97 µm ± 3.41; p<0.01) groups compared to AC (45.39 µm ± 3.41) and in the EI (42.26 µm ± 4.39; p<0.01), EIF (36.00 µm ± 4.15; p<0.01), and EIE (41.86 µm ± 4.95; p<0.01) groups compared to the EC (51.37 µm ± 3.86) group. The data showed that exercise was able to restore muscle trophism in the adult groups; however, none of the protocols has succeeded in aged rats. Conclusion: Immobilization in the shortened position induced muscle atrophy and physical exercise was effective in restoring muscular trophism only in adult animals. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the Results of Treatment.
RESPOSTA AGUDA DO LACTATO SANGUÍNEO A DIFERENTES PROTOCOLOS DE TREINAMENTO COM PESOS
Authors: Siqueira Leandro Oliveira da Cruz , Prado Marcelo Miranda , Simionato Astor Reis , Sancassani Andrei , Pessôa Filho Dalton Müller
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento em circuito é um modelo de treinamento resistido que permite uma variada combinação de sobrecarga e, por isso, requer mais informações para que se compreenda a demanda glicolítica anaeróbia durante sua execução. Objetivo: O objetivo foi comparar dois protocolos de treinamento com pesos, com (Tconv) e sem (Tcirc) pausa entre as execuções, quanto à resposta do lactato sanguíneo ([la]). Métodos: Onze homens (21,0 ± 2,3 anos; 76,7 ± 5,4 kg, 179,5 ± 7,0 cm) foram submetidos ao teste de repetição máxima. O Tcirc e o Tconv foram prescritos a 60%1RM, 12 repetições, sendo três passagens com pausa de 300 s para Tcirc e três séries de cada exercício com 180 s de pausa para o Tconv. Os exercícios que compuseram ambos os protocolos de treinamento foram: supino reto, cadeira extensora unilateral, peck-deck, mesa flexora, pulley alto, leg press 45º, remada horizontal e panturrilha no hack. O teste de ANOVA (Bonferroni post hoc) comparou o [la] no 1º, 3º e 5º minuto após as passagens no Tcirc e após cada série no Tconv. O teste t independente comparou as médias do pico de lactato entre Tcirc e Tconv. Em todas as análises adotou-se p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Foram observadas diferenças para o [la] entre a 1ª (10,6 ± 1,0 mmol/l) e a 2ª passagem (13,5 ± 1,8 mmol/l, P = 0,01) e entre a 1ª e a 3ª passagem (15,0 ± 2,5 mmol/l, P < 0,01) no Tcirc. Durante Tconv, os maiores valores médios de [la] foram observadas nos exercícios pulley alto (11,2 ± 2,2 mmol/l) e leg press 45º (11,9 ± 2,6 mmol/l). Houve diferença (P < 0,01) ao comparar o pico de [la] após Tconv (12,8 ± 2,2 mmol/l) e Tcirc (15,9 ± 2,0 mmol/l). Conclusão: O Tcirc demanda maior resposta glicolítica, enfatizando sua efetividade no aumento da capacidade anaeróbia muscular. Além disso, a execução não intermitente do Tcirc pode explicar sua maior demanda glicolítica, uma vez que Tconv e Tcirc foram proporcionalmente delineados, quanto ao volume e carga do protocolo. Nível de Evidência I; Estudos diagnósticos-Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico.
SUPERVISED PHYSICAL TRAINING IMPROVES FINE MOTOR SKILLS OF 5-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN
Authors: Qi Yugang , Tan Sijie , Sui Mingyang , Wang Jianxiong
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fine motor skills are important for children not only in the activities of daily living, but also for learning activities. In the present study, the effects of supervised physical training were investigated in normal children. Objective: To evaluate the effects of supervised training by combining full-body exercise and the eye-hand coordination activities to improve fine motor skills in a group of five-year-old normal children. Methods: Fifty-two children were selected and randomized in exercise and control groups. The exercise group participated in three 30-minute training sessions per week for 24 weeks. Results: The fine motor skills and hand grip strength of the exercise group were significantly increased, while there was no significant change in the control group during the experimental period. Conclusion: The results indicate that the current exercise training program is effective and can be applied to 5-year-old normal children to improve their fine motor skills. In addition, this program has simple physical activities that are appropriate to the physical and mental level of child development. The 30-minute training session would be easily implemented in the kindergarten program. Level of Evidence I; High quality randomized trial with statistically significant difference or no statistically significant difference but narrow confidence intervals.
EFEITO DA IMERSÃO EM ÁGUA FRIA SOBRE A RECUPERAÇÃO PÓS-ESFORÇO EM ATLETAS DE JIU-JITSU
Authors: Silva Paulo Roberto Gonçalves , Higino Wonder Passoni , Silva Fabiano Fernandes da , Souza Renato Aparecido de
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Introdução: A imersão em água fria (IAF) tem sido usada habitualmente para a recuperação muscular, mesmo com evidências limitadas sobre sua eficácia. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da IAF depois de uma sessão de treinamento de atletas de jiu-jitsu, sobre creatina quinase (CQ), testes funcionais de força e parâmetros isocinéticos. Métodos: Doze atletas de jiu-jitsu (idade 21,75 ± 3,10 anos; IMC 24,65 ± 3,81 kg/m2; tempo de treinamento 3,41 ± 0,51 anos) foram recrutados. Considerando que o estudo é cruzado, cada grupo teve a participação dos 12 atletas com wash-out de 30 dias. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais: (I) Grupo controle (CON), no qual os atletas não foram submetidos à IAF e (II) Grupo IAF, no qual os atletas foram submetidos à IAF (~12º C) durante seis minutos. O esforço físico foi realizado em uma sessão de treino com simulação de lutas de jiu-jitsu, com quatro lutas de cinco minutos cada e intervalo de três minutos entre elas. As variáveis CQ plasmática, protocolo estático e dinâmico do Kimono Grip Strength Test e parâmetros isocinéticos (pico de torque, trabalho e potência) foram avaliadas antes e depois dos procedimentos experimentais de recuperação. Para a análise estatística foi usada a análise de variância de dois fatores (tempo e tratamento). O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: Observou-se o efeito do tempo ao comparar CQ plasmática (incremento de 174,39 ± 99,95 UI/l para o CON e incremento de 187,91 ± 113,02 UI/l para o IAF) e teste estático do KGST (delta de -5,83 ± 9,35 s para o CON e delta de -2,83 ± 13,94 s para o IAF) antes e depois dos procedimentos experimentais de recuperação, porém, sem efeito do tratamento (P > 0,05). Os parâmetros isocinéticos não foram influenciados. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a IAF não promoveu recuperação pós-esforço em atletas de jiu-jitsu. Nível de Evidência II; ECRC de menor qualidade.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE DEPENDENCE
Authors: Numanović Almedina , Mladenović Željko , Janjić Vladimir , Radmanović Branimir
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Excessive physical exercise combined with certain psychic and sociodemographic factors can lead to dependence. Objective: To examine which factors lead to the emergence of exercise dependence. Methods: Sample consisted of 103 men (mean age 27.3 years, SD 6.127) who performed exercises at gyms at least three times a week in the last year or more in Novi Pazar, Sjenica, Raska and Tutin, Serbia. Participants completed questionnaires and took appropriate tests. Results: Our results showed that there is no association between exercise dependence and financial status, number of siblings, level of education, family stability, health, and medication use among the interviewees. However, it was found that the degree of exercise dependence is associated with marital status and problems with the law. Regression analysis showed that body dysmorphia, body mass index and aggressiveness are better predictors of exercise dependence. Conclusion: People whose self-perception is dismorphic have lower self-esteem, and exercise in gyms to improve their physical appearance. If we consider other characteristics, such as unfavorable BMI, problems with the lаw and being single, it is hardly surprising these individuals cross the line between healthy exercise and exercise dependence. An important finding is that aggressiveness and exercise dependence are related to problems with the law due to aggression, and body dysmorphia. Level of Evidence; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, APTIDÃO FÍSICA E RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR: ESTUDO EM MUZAMBINHO, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Barbosa João Paulo dos Anjos Souza , Basso Luciano , Bartholomeu Teresa , Prista António , Rezende Januária Andrea Souza , Oliveira Jorge Alberto , Tani Go , Maia José António Ribeiro , Forjaz Cláudia Lúcia de Moraes
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Introdução: A relação negativa entre atividade física, aptidão física e risco cardiovascular está bem estabelecida em populações com baixos níveis de atividade física. Objetivo: O presente estudo investigou essa relação em adultos de Muzambinho, Minas Gerais, uma população com alta taxa de indivíduos fisicamente ativos. Métodos: Participaram 237 indivíduos (132 mulheres), na maioria jovens (44,3% entre 20 e 39 anos). Foram avaliados indicadores de risco cardiovascular (índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura, glicemia de jejum, colesterolemia de jejum e pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica), atividade física (volume semanal de atividade física total) e aptidão física (aptidão aeróbica e força manual relativa). Resultados: Mais de 90% dos indivíduos foram classificados como ativos (praticavam atividade física por mais de 150 min/semana). A regressão linear identificou associação negativa da força manual relativa e da aptidão aeróbica ao índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura, bem como associação positiva da força manual relativa à pressão arterial diastólica. Os indicadores de atividade física e aptidão física não se associaram ao risco cardiovascular global. Conclusão: Nessa população, a relação inversa entre atividade física, aptidão física e risco cardiovascular limitou-se aos indicadores de aptidão física e aos de obesidade, sugerindo que em populações com alta taxa de indivíduos fisicamente ativos, o aumento da aptidão física, mas não da atividade física, pode ajudar a reduzir a obesidade. Nível de Evidência II; ECRC de menor qualidade.
Trends and gaps of the scientific literature about the effects of fire on Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Arruda Filipe Viegas de , Sousa Diego Guimarães de , Teresa Fabrício Barreto , Prado Vitor Hugo Mendonça do , Cunha Hélida Ferreira da , Izzo Thiago Junqueira
Published: March 2018

Abstract Fire management is an important issue in the Brazilian Cerrado, since both anthropogenic high intensity fires and complete fire suppression can reduce the biodiversity in this biome. In this paper, we highlight the trends in scientific literature about fire effects in the Cerrado, aiming to detect possible gaps and to indicate directions of future scientific research. We searched for articles in the periodic database Web of Knowledge from 1991 to 2016, and observed an increase in the number of publications throughout the years. Most articles were associated with Brazilian institutions (58%), followed by those with collaboration between Brazilian and international institutions (33%), and those published by authors exclusively from international institutions (9%). Most articles addressed the effects of fire on biodiversity (77%), followed by articles about abiotic environment (19%), and then biotic interactions or interactions between organisms and environment (4%). The most studied taxonomic group was plants (75%), followed by mammals (8%) and insects (6%), with the remaining taxa comprising about 11% of publications. The Federal District was the federative unit with the greatest number of studies (31%). The majority of studies was conducted in areas with fewer fire events, whereas areas with major incidence of fires are poorly studied. Our data shows that studies on the effect of fires on the Brazilian Cerrado are geographically and taxonomically biased. This lack of knowledge limits the extrapolations about the effects of fire on this biome. Therefore, we emphasize the need for investment in research in areas with high fire frequency and also for an increase in knowledge about these effects on the biota, especially on the fauna. This action is fundamental to support the development of public policies for effective and directed fire management in the Cerrado.
Pioneer tree species as fruit flies parasitoids reservoir in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Adaime Ricardo , Sousa Maria do Socorro Miranda de , Santos Jonh Carlo Reis , Deus Ezequiel da Glória
Published: March 2018

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the pioneer plant species Bellucia grossularioides (L.) Triana (Melastomataceae) to act as a reservoir for parasitoids of fruit flies in the Brazilian Amazon. We collected 48 samples of fruits (total of 4,012 fruits, 43.98 kg) during the months of July, August and September of 2013, in 15 of the 16 municipalities of Amapá State, Brazil. All samples showed infestation by fruit flies, with rates varying from 60.6 to 239.1 puparia/kg of fruit (mean of 106.8 puparia/kg of fruit). The percentage of emergence varied 18.6 to 64.3% (mean of 39.9%). Specimens of Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo & González (Diptera: Tephritidae) were obtained from all samples collected. Specimens of Neosilba (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) were obtained from five samples, where they were represented by Neosilba bella Strikis & Prado and Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann). The mean percentage of parasitism was 12.8%, varying 4.7 to 26.7%. Four species of parasitoids were obtained: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), Doryctobracon sp.2, Opius bellus Gahan (Braconidae) and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) (Figitidae). Doryctobracon areolatus, present in all municipalities sampled, was the most abundant species. Considering that B. grossularioides is a plant species that is abundant in the area sampled, its relevance with respect to the maintenance of the population of parasitoids is discussed in the context of the integrated management of fruit flies in the Amazon.
Lobation and bronchopulmonary segmentation of Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Falcão Brunna Muniz Rodrigues , Vieira Ana Karoline Rocha , Souza Joyce Galvão de , Carreiro Artur da Nóbrega , Araújo Débora Vitória Fernandes de , Santos José Rômulo Soares dos , Menezes Danilo José Ayres de , Medeiros Gildenor Xavier
Published: March 2018

Abstract The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) are small primates belonging to the family Cebidae, subfamily Callitrichinae and are the most well-known and common in adaptation to captivity. The scarcity of data in the literature on the anatomy of these marmosets and wild animals hinders the application of appropriate anesthetic and surgical procedures and therapeutics. In order to understand the anatomic variations in the lobation and bronchopulmonary segmentation the lungs were dissected from nine adult common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) corpses, five males and four females. In the marmosets, the right lung presented cranial lobe, middle lobe, caudal lobe and accessory lobe while the left lung presented cranial and caudal lobes. The fissures were very pro-eminent in both the lungs. The main right bronchus emitted independent branches, one for each lobe, and it followed in a straight line in the caudal lobe as a continuation of this bronchus and the same was observed in the main left bronchus. The bronchopulmonary segmentation in the right lung ranged from one to five branches in the cranial lobe; the middle lobe had a single branch; the caudal lobe had three to five branches and the accessory lobe had three branches. In the left lung the cranial lobe bronchopulmonary segmentation ranged from one to five branches while in the caudal lobe it was three to four branches.
A checklist of Rutelinae MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) of Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira André da Silva , Almeida Lúcia M. , Bravo Freddy , Grossi Paschoal Coelho
Published: March 2018

Abstract A list of species of Rutelinae from Bahia state, Northeastern Brazil, is presented. The list is based on specimens deposited in Brazilian collections. The list includes 4 tribes, 23 genera, 101 species and 17 subspecies. The genera Byrsopolis Burmeister, 1844, Pseudodorysthetus Soula, 2008 and Trizogeniates Ohaus, 1917 are recorded for the first time in Bahia and Northeastern Brazil. Thirty species are newly recorded in Bahia: Areoda espiritosantensis Ohaus, 1905, B. laticollis Burmeister, 1855, Bolax flavolineata (Mannerheim, 1829), Chlorota abdominalis Ohaus, 1926, C. espiritosantensis Ohaus, 1912, Dorysthetus espiritosantensis Ohaus, 1905, D. fulgidus (Waterhouse, 1881), Leucothyreus acanthurus Ohaus, 1917, L. albopilosus Ohaus, 1917, L. campestris Burmeister, 1855, L. cayapo Ohaus, 1931, L. duplopunctatus Frey, 1976, L. eligius Ohaus, 1918, L. fluminensis Ohaus, 1918, L. iridipennis Ohaus, 1917, L. lucipetens Ohaus, 1931, L. occipitalis Ohaus, 1931, L. pallefactus Ohaus, 1924, L. paulista Ohaus, 1917, L. punctulatus Blanchard, 1851, L. suturalis Laporte, 1840, L. trochantericus Ohaus, 1917, L. verticalis Ohaus, 1924, Macraspis cincta (Drury, 1872), Paranomala tricostulata (Ohaus, 1897), P. violacea (Burmeister, 1844), Pseudodorysthetus calcaratus (Spinola, 1835), and Trizogeniates planipennis Ohaus, 1917. Pelidnota unicolor unicolor (Drury, 1778) is recorded for the first time in Bahia. Fourteen species are identified and will be described in subsequent papers: 10 of Leucothyreus MacLeay, 1819, 2 of Lobogeniates Ohaus, 1917 and 1 species of Byrsopolis Burmeister, 1844 and Pelidnota MacLeay, 1819. Rutelini is the richest tribe with 16 genera and 49 species. The information presented in the list generates an important set of knowledge regarding the diversity of Rutelinae of Bahia and Brazil and provides the basis for conducting future research within the group.
Uma Abordagem Física dos Números Perplexos
Authors: Amorim Ronni Geraldo Gomes de , Santos Wytler Cordeiro dos , Carvalho Lindomar Bonfim , Massa Ian Rodrigues
Published: March 2018

Resumo Apresentamos neste trabalho uma revisão pedagógica sobre os números perplexos. O conjunto numérico perplexo, apesar de pouco conhecido, exibe uma álgebra hiperbólica com diversas aplicações na física, por exemplo na Teoria da Relatividade Restrita. Apresentamos a definição de número perplexo, discutimos elementos do cálculo diferencial na variável perplexa e similarmente ao conjunto numérico complexo, definimos as condições de Cauchy-Riemann para a variável perplexa. Aplicamos os resultados para estudar as transformações de Lorentz e a equação de onda no contexto da variável perplexa.
Controlling factors of ‘Caatinga’ and sugarcane evapotranspiration in the Sub-middle São Francisco Valley
Authors: Carvalho Herica F. de S. , Moura Magna S. B. de , Silva Thieres G. F. da , Rodrigues Carlos T. A.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT In the Sub-middle São Francisco Valley, the main controlling factors of ‘Caatinga’ and irrigated sugarcane ETr were investigated in this study. Between 2015 and 2016, environmental variables were measured by sensors coupled to two micrometeorological towers, one in the preserved ‘Caatinga’ and the other in an irrigated sugarcane crop. Soil moisture and vegetation cover index were also evaluated and biometric data were obtained only in the sugarcane. Actual evapotranspiration was determined based on the latent heat flux, by the energy balance method. Therefore, the ratio between actual and reference evapotranspiration was calculated. Response variables were formed by the actual evapotranspiration and by its ratio with the reference evapotranspiration. Explanatory variables included growth and environmental data. Multicollinearity, canonical and track analyses were applied. It was verified that only the environmental variables exhibited correlation with the actual evapotranspiration and its ratio with the reference evapotranspiration. In the ‘Caatinga’, soil moisture directly and indirectly influenced ETr, as the global solar radiation altered the response of actual evapotranspiration to the atmospheric demand. In sugarcane, ETr was directly and indirectly controlled by the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation and soil temperature, and the latter one also affected the ratio between actual and reference evapotranspiration.
Gas exchange and organic solutes in forage sorghum genotypes grown under different salinity levels
Authors: Coelho Daniela S. , Simões Welson L. , Salviano Alessandra M. , Mesquita Alessandro C. , Alberto Keila da C.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Adaptation of plants to saline environments depends on the activation of mechanisms that minimize the effects of excess ions on vital processes, such as photosynthesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll, and organic solute in ten genotypes of forage sorghum irrigated with solutions of different salinity levels. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 10 x 6 factorial arrangement, with three replications, using ten genotypes - F305, BRS-655, BRS-610, Volumax, 1.015.045, 1.016.005, 1.016.009, 1.016.013, 1.016.015 and 1.016.031 - and six saline solutions, with electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 dS m-1. The photosynthetic activity in forage sorghum plants reduces with increasing salinity, and this response was found in the ten genotypes evaluated. The chlorophyll and protein contents were not affected by salinity, whereas carbohydrates and amino acid contents increased with increasing ECw. Soluble sugars are essential for osmoregulation of forage sorghum due to its high content in leaves.