bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating Slides from Video Lecture
Authors:   International Research and Training Centre of Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Krygin Valerii M. , Shylo Maksym K. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Politechnic Institute”
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Video recordings of lectures are no longer a rarity in the conditions of distance learning. Videos may be in an inconvenient format for students or contain different artifacts due to compression, camera quality, and other factors. It is useful to have a presentation of the study material, which contains only the text from the board because such a view of the material is most like the compendium. Purpose. The item of our work is creating an algorithm for obtaining panorama slides without a teacher from video lecture. To develop this algorithm, we use the Boykov-Kolmogorov Max-flow algorithm for obtaining a mask of moving objects. In some video lectures, the camera is moved so that the teacher is in sight, so some of the recordings are not visible. To do this, we make frames stitching to get a panorama. To reduce duplication of slides due to camera shaking, we perform video-stabilization as a preprocessing step, then replace the pixels using the mask. Finally, we create slides by comparing changes in the frames, binarizingand denoising. Methods. We used the Boykov-Kolmogorov Max-flow algorithm, SIFT, Laplace operator and Otsu binarization for developing information technology. Results.As a result, we get panorama slides with the extracted text or drawings from the board, which will help to simplify the creation of e-learning materials for both new and existing lecture recordings. Teachers will also be able to quickly provide lecture material to students even if they teach several complex subjects. Conclusion. We have developed an algorithm and implemented information technology for obtaining slides from video-lecture. Now, a teacher can give students short content of video material. The next steps are automatic detection of the board, division of the board into sections, and recognition of the text and formulas written on the board.
Problem of Сonstructing the GMDH Neural Networks with Active Neurons
Authors:   International Research and Training Centre of Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Moroz Olha H. , Linder Yaroslav M.) ,   International Research and Training Centre of Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Characteristics of the existing neural networks of GMDH with active neurons are given and their main advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Two approaches of increasing the efficiency of inductive construction of complex system models from statistical data based on a new hybrid GMDH neural networks with active neurons using methods of computational intelligence are proposed. The effectiveness of these networks is compared with classical approaches to artificial inductive modelling tasks (noisy linear and nonlinear models).
Improving the system of indicators for assessing the epidemiological situation and strengthening restrictive measures in the conditions of adaptive quarantine caused by the spread of COVID-19
Authors:   State Institution “Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine”, Herasimova Olena , Herasimova Olga ,   State Institution "Kundiiev Institute of Occupational Health of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine"
Published: September 2022

The article deals with the problem of the effectiveness of the state response to challenges to the health care system due to the spread of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. The authors have carried out an analysis of international economic investigations on its impact on the socio-economic system in general and the health care system in particular. It was found that the vast majority of them examine the impact of various factors on the spread of coronavirus or its effects on individual segments or the economic system as a whole, the response of the decision-making system to the spread of infection, or model different scenarios for health system challenges. However, investigations do not address what criteria should be applied when imposing restrictive measures or what changes need to be done to the threat assessment system to minimize the burden on the health care system. Therefore, the authors analyzed the current national indicators system used to identify regions with a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. Based on a retrospective analysis of previous waves of coronavirus spread in Ukraine and the introduction of quarantine restrictions in this regard, it was found that the decision to strengthen quarantine restrictions was delayed. This overloaded the medical system and led to overcrowding, which could have been avoided if quarantine had been introduced early. It is revealed what changes in the assessment methodology need to be made in order to strengthen the quarantine restrictions in time. An assessment of the filling of the hospital stock under the condition of timely introduction of quarantine on the example of the city of Kyiv was carried out and the cost of redundant hospitalizations was estimated. Changes in the current methodology for estimating regions with a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 are proposed, which include the introduction of additional indicators and quantitative changes for existing indicators.
Rural component of territorial communities in the context of their inclusive development
Authors:   State Institution “Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine”, Prokopa Ihor
Published: September 2022

The article deals with assessing the place of rural settlements and rural population in territorial communities (TC) - the basic link of the modern administrative-territorial structure of Ukraine and highlighting the preconditions and guidelines of inclusive development of rural population in these communities. The author reveals the factors of TC formation that determined their present composition and structure. It is noted that in their creation the decisive role was played by the important values of the projected indicators of population number and area of the "affluent" community. As a result, more than 2/3 of rural settlements and 61% of the rural population joined the TCs with centers in urban settlements (towns and urban-type settlements). Many urban and semi-urban TCs unite too many villages, which gives reason to question their belonging to urban territorial units, and no other types. Using methodological approaches to the identification of rural areas in the EU, the author compiles a classification of Ukrainian territorial communities on a functional (rather than administrative) basis. In terms of population density, the author separates communities with urban and rural population, and in terms of the share of rural residents in the TC's total population – those with predominantly urban, mixed (urban-rural) and predominantly rural nature of their territories. The distribution of rural settlements and rural population by these types of communities is carried out. In terms of both indicators, the absolute majority of TCs are communities with rural, or mostly rural and rural-urban functional type of territories. The author emphasizes that territorial communities have the main responsibility for the development of their territories and, consequently, for the inclusive development of their rural communities, and that the authorities should assist them in promoting such development by implementing various public policies, especially agricultural and regional ones. This includes, first of all, intensifying support for family and commercial farms, especially in small and peripheral villages, improving rural infrastructure, as well as unbundling TCs with a very large number of rural settlements and assisting new communities in their independent functioning.
Cerebrolysin administration counteracts elevated oxidative stress in blood of patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Gonchar O.O. , Karaban I.M. ,   Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Karasevich N.V. ,   Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bratus L.V. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mankovska I.M. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Effects of cerebrolysin (CBL) on prooxidant-antioxidant balance and oxidative stress (OS) developing in blood of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) were studied. Twenty patients with PD and 10 healthy persons (control) participated in this study. Clinical diagnosis of PD was established according UK Brain Bank Criteria; the grades of PD were II-III after Hoehn/Yahr. PD patients received therapy with CBL administration intravenously at dose 20 ml (61.5 mg/kg) per day along 10 days. As OS biomarkers, lipid peroxidation (from the formation of thiobarbituric acid – reactive substances, TBARS), H2O2 production, the activities of SOD, catalase, and GPx, as well as glutathione pool indexes were measured in blood plasma and erythrocytes. It was established a significant rise in TBARS in plasma and H2O2 contents in erythrocytes from patients with PD compared to control. These events were accompanied by an increase in the SOD and catalase activities in plasma and a decrease in GSH content and GPx activity in erythrocytes. CBL administration counteracts the TBARS accumulation, reduces hyperactivation of SOD and catalase in plasma compared with the CBL-untreated patients. In erythrocytes of PD patients, CBL injection caused the limitation of H2O2 production as well as promotion the GSH pool recovery through an increase in GSH level and GPx activity.
PECULIARITIES OF SYSTEMIC PATHOBIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS TO BRAIN ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION IN RATS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors:   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Tkachuk О.V. , Tkachuk S.S. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Povar М.А. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Anokhina S.I. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Yasinska O.V. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Vadziuk S.N. ,   I.Y.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

The objective of the research was to study the signs of oxidative stress, the state of proteolysis, and the proteinase-inhibiting system of the blood plasma in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (60 mg/kg intra-abdominally), complicated by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Levels of products of lipid peroxide oxidation, protein oxidative modification, nitrogen oxide metabolites, and activity of the antioxidant protection enzymes were determined by means of biochemical methods one hour after completion of the reperfusion period and on the 12th day. Increased intensity of lipid peroxidation was found to occur in the blood plasma of rats without diabetes mellitus in both terms of observation. This was accompanied by an increase in the activity of all the antioxidant enzymes, while in animals with diabetes the amount of lipid peroxidation products decreased in the ground of prevailing depression of all the antioxidant protection enzymes. Irrespective of a tendency of changes in the amount of POM products with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, their content is reliably higher in animals with diabetes mellitus in both terms of observation than those in animals without diabetes, which is indicative of a higher intensity of their oxidation. Without diabetes, the proteolytic activity of the blood plasma reacts by increasing the values of the studied parameters against the background of suppression of the proteinase inhibitory system during the entire observation period, in rats, with diabetes the parameters of plasma proteolysis and the state of the proteinase-inhibiting system remain without changes in both terms of the observation. The data obtained allowed us to state that diabetes mellitus considerably modifies the response of the systemic pathobiochemical indices to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
KONTRIBUSI EKONOMI SYARI’AH DALAM PEMULIHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Nasrudin N , Solehudin Ending
Published: September 2022

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the contribution of the Sharia economy during the Covid-19 pandemic to recover the Indonesian economy. A descriptive qualitative approach is a method in this research with library research as a type of research. This study concludes that at least there are 2 (two) Sharia economy contributions. Firstly, the optimization of Islamic social finance (management and distribution of zakat and waqf funds). Secondly, the development of sharia-based financial technology for online market players following sharia regulations.Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kontribusi ekonomi syariah di masa pandemi covid-19 sebagai sebuah ikhtiar pemulihan ekonomi Indonesia. Pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif menjadi metode dalam penelitian ini dengan studi kepustakaan (Library Research) sebagai jenis penelitiannya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa setidaknya terdapat 2 (dua) kontribusi pencapaian dari ekonomi syariah, pertama optimalisasi islamic social finance (pengelolaan dan penyaluran dana zakat dan wakaf). Kedua, pengembangan financial technology berbasis syariah bagi pelaku pasar online yang sesuai dengan aturan syariah.
FOUR-ELEMENT MIMO ANTENNA WITH HIGH ISOLATION AND DIVERSITY PERFORMANCE FOR UWB APPLICATIONS
Authors: Gebrehiwot Giday , Aruna S. , Kethavathu Srinivasa Naik
Published: September 2022

A four-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for wireless ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is proposed in this study. The single-element antenna is derived by conducting several design evolutions. This fundamental antenna achieves an UWB impedance bandwidth with good positive gain across the operating frequency ranges. In the investigation of MIMO antennas, dual and four-element MIMO antennas with variable layouts are designed and analyzed according to their S parameters, gain, radiation pattern, and diversity performance findings. Thus, a four-element MIMO antenna operating in the frequency range of 3.5-11.2 GHz with > -20 dB isolation in the majority of the band is proposed. The diversity performances in terms of envelope correlation coefficient and diversity gain are less than 0.006 and greater than 9.9, respectively, while the mean effective gain (MEG) and channel capacity loss (CCL) are within acceptable ranges. The simulated findings agree well with the measured results.
Millennials Seeking Healthcare: Examining the Degree to Which Patients Utilize Online Resources
Authors: Arensberg Landon , Kalender-Rich Jessica , Lee Jaehoon , Gibson Cheryl
Published: September 2022

Introduction. According to the 2020 U.S. Census, a Silver Tsunami is looming, with more than 75.4 million persons aged 57 to 75 expected to need more costly medical care. However, a larger wave of 83.1 million Millennials nearing adulthood is approaching rapidly. Therefore, it is important to understand how this population finds their physician and what may influence this decision.
Methods. Paper-based surveys were administered to adult patients at primary care and geriatric clinics located at the University of Kansas Medical Center in Kansas City, Kansas. Questions included demographic information, utilization and influence of online reviews, and the effects negative and positive reviews have on a patient’s choice of physician. Descriptive statistics were calculated for respondent characteristics and survey responses. Chi-square and McNemar’s tests were performed to evaluate differences between age and gender groups, and to determine how influential review ratings are in choosing a physician for medical care. Statistical significance was determined at the 0.05 level.
Results. A sample of 284 patients completed the survey (44.35 ± 17.54 years old [range = 18-90], 60.6% female, 57.4% white). Of Millennials, 67.2% read online reviews before choosing a physician. Millennials were significantly more likely to read online reviews before choosing a physician (p = 0.004) and utilize online resources to search for a new physician (p < 0.001) than older patients.
Conclusions. Millennials were more likely to research online reviews before choosing a physician. Therefore, an online review presence will be beneficial to one’s practice to acquire this new wave of patients.
Influence of the STORM Program and Other Elective Experiences During the Summer Between the First and Second Year on Medical Students' Career Interests
Authors: Cunningham Mara , McCartney Justin , Cathcart-Rake William
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the Summer Training Option in Rural Medicine (STORM) program and other elective experiences during the summer between the first and second pre-clerkship years of medical school on medical students’ career intentions.
Methods. A retrospective voluntary and anonymous cohort study was conducted by distributing an email survey to the 211 second-year medical students at the University of Kansas School of Medicine (KUSM). The survey consisted of a variety of questions regarding their recent summer break elective experiences.
Results. Eighty-nine students (42.2% response rate) completed the survey; 21 respondents participated in the STORM program. Important factors influencing the choice of an elective included, working one-on-one with an educator, hands-on experiences, and receiving academic credit. Sixty-seven respondents (75.3%) concluded that their experience met their expectations, 50 (56.2%) concluded that their experience helped solidify their career goals, while 20 (22.5%) concluded that their experience made them question their career goals. Eleven respondents (12.4%) wished they had participated in a different summer experience, and 16 respondents (18.0%) changed their career plans after their summer experience.
Conclusions. A break between first and second years of medical school allowed students to explore career options; such experiences may ignite a particular passion, solidify an already determined specialty choice, or dissuade a student from pursuing a particular career pathway. Medical school affirmation of the importance of significant, sustained, and student-chosen opportunities to work one-on-one with a mentor and engage in hands-on learning during the pre-clerkship years is crucial. The STORM program was one elective option that delivered on students’ expectations.
ADE 2022 Day 3: Morphological Taxonomy v2
Authors: Little Tom
Published: September 2022

Day 3: ADE practical instructions for morphological identifications
ADR Assessment of TB Patients IIPHG v1
Authors: Shah Harsh
Published: September 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death due to infectious diseases globally, and delay in TB care cascade is reported as one of the major challenges in achieving the goals of the TB control programs. The main aim of this study was to investigate the delay and responsible factors for the delay in the various phases of care cascade among TB patients in two Indian states, Jharkhand and Gujarat. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the 990 TB patients from the selected TUs of two states. This study adopted a mixed-method approach for the data collection. The study targeted a diverse profile of TB patients, such as drug-sensitive TB (DSTB), drug resistance TB (DRTB), pediatric TB, and extra-pulmonary TB. It included both public and private sector patients. The study's findings suggested that 172 (29%) patients experienced ADRs with at least one symptom. Out of those, 80% had mild symptoms, and 133 (77%) experienced them during the early (intensive) phase of the treatment initiation. The 18 (56%) drug-resistant TB patients on second-line ATTs reported ADR, 50% of whom reported moderate and severe ADRs. The association between ADR experience and drug susceptibility was significant (p value of 0.005; Chi-squared 12.193) and drug-resistant TB patients experience two times more ADRs than drug-sensitive TB patients (odds ratio 2.049, CI: 1.47–2.86). The TB patients had experienced gastric disturbances, skin-related symptoms, peripheral nervous system symptoms, arthralgia, ophthalmic discomfort, and psychological disorders during ATT. The regression model showed that the Nagelkerke R2 value was 0.139 with a classification accuracy of 71%. The present study focused on adverse events pertaining to TB patients missed by the health system. The analysis delivered crucial conclusions that could direct policymakers to educate and train all healthcare professionals and high-risk patients on how to solicit and manage ADRs among patients receiving programmatic treatment effectively. It is crucial to strengthen the program by carefully examining treatment plans based on medical history, ensuring treatment compliance, managing adverse events aggressively and proactively, and establishing a training cascade for health care providers and treatment supporters.
Transfer of acquired competencies in the scientific school of the military scientific division (organization)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ryzhykov V. , Horiacheva К. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kravchenko О. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: September 2022

The essence of the concepts: scientific school and scientific community; the order of implementation of scientific thought within these formations is thoroughly considered; the methodology carrying out the transfer of competencies in military scientific divisions (collectives) was determined. The key person in a scientific school is its leader (he gives the name of the school). It is usually an excellent, authoritative scientist who generates ideas (new directions of research); a scientist who can unite other like-minded people around him or her. In a military scientific division, it is also a researcher. Generally, the position of chief researcher – responsible for a particular branch of scientific study in the research department, the center. A scientific school of the military scientific team is a creative team of researchers of different generations, united by a common program and style of research work, acting under the guidance of a recognized leader, a well-known scientist in the field of military science. Each scientific school has at least three Doctors of Science in one field of study. The most common method of identifying the transfer of acquired competencies by a researcher in a scientific school of a military scientific division is to study the course of PhD and doctoral dissertations of the scientists who are members of this informal collective. It is effective because it provides concrete results based on quantitative data on the theses defended under the guidance of a particular scholar. And it also shows that the topics of the students' dissertations correspond to the leader's dissertation (scientific search). This method is simple and reduces the tasks of identifying the transfer of acquired competencies by a researcher to the establishment of formal characteristics. By identifying the document flows it is possible to study the content unity of the problems of a scientific school. Bibliometric methods help to study the frequency of citation of the works of the leader of the scientific school.
The essence and structure of the readiness of future psychologists for professional service and combat activity in the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Yurkov А.
Published: September 2022

Based on the analysis of recent publications and results of scientific research on pedagogical, psychological military special topics it is established, that military psychological and pedagogical science does not sufficiently address the issue of readiness of future psychologists for professional activity in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The scientific article analyzes the problem of forming the readiness of a military psychologist for effective professional activity in the Armed Forces of Ukraine in battlefield conditions. The content of the definition "readiness of a military psychologist for professional activity in the Armed Forces of Ukraine" in the context of the outlined problem is specified. It is established, that the concept of "readiness of a military psychologist for professional activity in the Armed Forces of Ukraine" is, first of all, a prerequisite for the effective performance of service and combat activities. The scientific article examines that the psychological support of professional activities of militaries, conducted by a military psychologist in the combat unit, means a set of measures aimed at maintaining professional suitability, psychological readiness for professional activity and resistance to stressors of the service and combat environment. It is outlined that psychological follow-up consists of two components: psychological support, psychological assistance. Readiness as a complex new development of the personality contains not only cognitive and operational components but also motivational, volitional and axiological components, which provide a stable desire for effective performance. In addition, all components of readiness comply with the activity, the indicator of successful implementation of which is readiness. Thus, the readiness of future psychologists for professional activity in the Armed Forces of Ukraine is an important condition for the effective activity of an individual.
Psychological aspects of the information war
Authors:   Ivan Chernyakhovsky National University of Defense of Ukraine, Aleshchenko V.
Published: September 2022

The article has analyzed views of domestic and foreign authors on the essence and content of the concepts of "information warfare", "psychological war" and "information-psychological war" as components of a hybrid war. Within the psychological paradigm, information warfare is understood as the latent impact of information on individual, group and mass consciousness through methods of propaganda, misinformation, manipulation to form new views on the socio-political organization of society through changes in values and basic attitudes. The concept of "world psychological warfare", various theoretical approaches, tools of information and theoretical approach are considered. The tools of the information warfare against Ukraine are propaganda; manipulation; attempts to change public opinion; psychological and psychotropic pressure; spreading rumors, blocking TV and radio broadcasts; removal of Ukrainian channels in the occupied territories; disinformation and distribution of fake news; distribution of fake information. The defining features of the concepts of "information warfare" and "psychological war" are that information warfare is conducted mostly in cyberspace, while psychological – in social space. The organizational differences of the information influence of the Russian Federation in the basic training of law enforcement specialists are investigated. The main directions of work, forms of information warfare activities which were carried out by the Russian party are characterized. The main psychological challenges of modern information wars are shown. The psychological challenges caused by the war are identified, which are conditionally divided into the following four groups: challenges to Ukrainians as a community; challenges to the mental health of the individual; challenges to psychological well-being; challenges to Ukrainian psychologists as a professional community. In the course of the study, recommendations for confrontation in the information warfare were formed. The main necessary measures to counteract the information aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine are suggested.
Typology of personal features of officers involved in the training of cadets at higher military educational institutions (military educational units of higher educational institutions) as the component of their image formation
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kravchenko К. , Hrebeniuk L. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Belichenko L. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the article is to highlight some part of the large-scale research on the formation of a positive image of officers involved in the training of cadets at higher military educational institutions (military educational units of higher educational institutions), namely: to present the results of empirical research which effect the determination of typology of their personality traits. In our research we understand typology of personal traits as a set of pronounced and stable psychological characteristics that determine the behavior of the officer during his service. The following categories were determined among the involved officers: officers of the senior level, officers-educators, and officers of the course level of higher military educational institutions (military educational units of higher educational institutions) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. According to the results of empirical research were defined three most typical personality traits for the officers of senior level and officers-educators, and four of them for the officers of the course level. Personality types of the senior level officers: 1) balanced type (59.43 %); 2) effective (22.42 %); 3) executive or committed (18.15 %). The balanced and effective types encompass the necessary range of personal characteristics that contribute to the formation of a positive image. The executive type lacks management skills. Personality types of the officerseducators: 1) star type (50.14 %); 2) introverted (14.05 %); 3) almost exemplary (11.43 %). Each type of officers-educators has a number of aspects that hinder them from forming a positive image, such as lack of self-will, emotionality, and pedagogical skills, as well as a certain rigidity during classes. Personality types of the course level officers: 1) correct or moral and ethical type (59.39 %); 2) ambitious (14.01 %); 3) infantile (10.78 %); 4) dramatic (9.07 %). Among the identified types of personality traits of course officers, problems in image formation may arise within infantile type. One of the main reasons is the establishment of friendly relations with cadets that affects the service of the latter and does not contribute to the formation of necessary qualities of future officers. That is why this type of officers cannot be a role model for others.
Reliability of the computed tomography criteria after closed reduction of developmental dislocation of the hip
Authors: Khaled Lofty El-Adwar , Hesham Taha Kotob , Amin Abdel Razek , Mohamed Abdelkareem
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Developmental dislocation of the hip includes femoral head subluxation or dislocation and/or acetabular dysplasia. Closed reduction of the hip should be performed under general anesthesia. Appropriate performance and interpretation of closed reduction are difficult and require experience. The role of computed tomography (CT) in different aspects of treatment of developmental hip dysplasia is well established. It was an accurate way to assess the adequacy of reduction of dislocated hips for patients in spica casts.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the role of CT in the evaluation of closed reduction of developmental hip dislocation in infants and children immobilized in spica casts.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 16 patients with 20 involved hips who presented with developmental hip dysplasia. The youngest patient was 12 months old, and the oldest was 24 months old, with a mean age of 19.62 4.27 months. There were 15 girls (93.75%) and one boy (6.25%). There were four patients with bilateral hip involvement (25%), and the right side was involved in five hips (31.25%), whereas the left side was affected in 7 (43.75%) hips.
RESULTS: Closed reduction was performed in 20 hips, and according to the post-reduction CT evaluation, the final results were satisfactory in 16 (80%) hips and unsatisfactory in 4 (20%) hips. On the coronal CT cuts, the modified Shentons line gave a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 81.25%, and accuracy of 80%. Second, the calculation of femoral head coverage on coronal CT cuts showed the highest sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 50%, and accuracy of 60%. Lastly, the posterior neck line identified on the axial CT cuts gave a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 87%, and accuracy of 85%. On comparing and evaluating the three methods, the method that gave the best level of reliability for the adequacy of the reduction was the posterior neckline (82.23 %), followed by modified Shentons line (78.75%), and finally femoral head coverage (70%).
CONCLUSIONS: The posterior neck line is the preferred method to confirm the adequacy of hip relocation on multi-slice post-reduction axial CT.
Screening for adolecent idiopathic scoliosis: A literature review
Authors: Lein Grigoriy A.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Despite more than 60 years of screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, it is still a controversial issue in the scientific literature. There are both opponents and supporters of the intervention, represented by government agencies, medical organizations, and individual researchers. Several countries have rejected national scoliosis screening, although some medical associations in these countries believe that screening based on the Medical Home model is feasible. By contrast, school-based scoliosis screening has been implemented nationally in a few countries. Given the lack of consensus on this issue, it is useful to systematize conflicting views on screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
AIM: This study aimed to review publications presenting information on the status of screening for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis to identify unresolved organizational issues.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were searched in the open electronic scientific literature databases (eLIBRARY, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) using the following keywords and phrases: scoliosis screening; screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS); school screening for scoliosis; school scoliosis screening program. The depth of the search was 30 years.
RESULTS: Arguments for focus on the need for the early detection of AIS through screening in terms of the effectiveness of timely treatment, proven efficacy of conservative treatment of scoliosis, and reduction of surgical interventions among screened adolescents. The arguments against are related to the lack of a unified methodology for screening, high rate of false-positive and false-negative results, unproven effectiveness of screening in reducing the frequency of surgical interventions, economic efficiency, and psychological effect on adolescents and violation of their rights during the event.
CONCLUSIONS: Several organizational issues should be addressed with regard to screening. These include the training of staff who conducts the screening and development of a referral and follow-up system. The screening scheme and methods should be unified through the introduction of noninvasive screening methods to standardize the results and their subsequent uniform interpretation. The referral process for further examination should be standardized according to a defined protocol. The development of a special computer program to assist medical decision-making is relevant.
Features of the reparative osteogenesis of the distraction of the tibial regenerate and osteotropic growth factors in patients with achondroplasia at the age of 9–12 years
Authors: Lyneva Svetlana N. , Menschchikova Tatyana I. , Aranovich Anna M.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Despite studies on various issues of distraction osteosynthesis, many morphological aspects of this problem are still insufficiently studied and remained debatable.
AIM: To determine the features of the reparative activity of the regenerate and analyze the content of some osteotropic growth factors in children with achondroplasia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Growth factors were determined in serum and blood plasma using equipment from Thermo Fisher (USA). Factor concentrations were determined using ELISA kits: PDGF-AA (RD Systems, USA), PDGF-BB (RD Systems, USA), IGF-1 (Immunodiagnostic systems, USA), IGF-2 (Mediagnost, Germany), TGF-1 (eBioscience, USA), and TGF-2 (eBioscience, USA). The structural state of the tibial regenerate was determined using by ultrasonography (HITACHI, Japan). Patients with achondroplasia aged 912 years (n = 32) were examined at the beginning of distraction (1020 days), in the middle of distraction (2140 days), and at the end of distraction (4163 days).
RESULTS: The ultrasound method showed the dynamic formation of the structural state of the distraction regenerate at the studied stages of distraction. At the same stages of distraction, the concentration of osteotropic growth factors was assessed.
CONCLUSIONS: The serum content of osteotropic growth factors in the blood of children with achondroplasia differs from age-normative values. Growth factors that play a key role in osteogenesis, IGF-1, BMP-4, TGF-1, and TGF-2 were reduced, whereas the expressions of IGF-2 and BMP-6 were compensatory increased. At the end of the distraction period, the values of all studied growth factors exceeded the initial values, regardless of their preoperative values and their dynamics at the stages of distraction. The assessment of the dynamics of the concentration of osteotropic growth factors in the blood of patients with achondroplasia during the distraction period and natural growth period indicate the presence of a commonality of processes during the distraction period and prenatal growth of the tibia. Our comprehensive ultrasound study of the structural state of the distraction regenerate of the tibia and biochemical studies of growth factors in the blood of patients with achondroplasia at the age of 912 years made it possible to identify the features of reparative osteogenesis of the distraction regenerate of the tibia and the physiological effect of osteotropic growth factors from the viewpoint of the process of reparative regeneration.
Kinerja Pembangkit Biolistrik Salt Bridge Mirrobial Fuel Cell Variasi Rasio Karagenan-Karboksimetil Selulosa
Authors: Ibrahim Bustami , Hardiningtyas Safrina Dyah , Steffen
Published: September 2022

Sistem microbial fuel cell (MFC) adalah teknologi terbarukan yang dapat mengubah materi organik menjadi energi berupa listrik. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan rasio karagenan (K) : karboksimetil selulosa (KMS) yang optimal pada jembatan garam untuk menghasilkan energi listrik dalam sistem MFC dan menentukan hasil listrik tertinggi dari limbah cair pindang ikan melalui teknologi MFC salt bridge. Jembatan garam K:KMS dibuat dengan perlakuan rasio K:KMS 1:1, 0,5:1, 0,6:1 (b/b). Perlakuan terbaik adalah K:KMS dengan perbandingan 1:1 menghasilkan tegangan listrik tertinggi sebesar 0,88 V. Jembatan garam K:KMS dengan perbandingan 0,5:1 menghasilkan kuat arus tertinggi sebesar 1,22 mA, serta daya listrik tertinggi sebesar 0,85 mW. Nilai efisiensi penurunan BOD, dan TAN mengalami penurunan sebesar 90,36%, dan 60,45% pada perlakuan rasio K:KMS 1:1. Sistem salt bridge MFC ini menunjukkan kinerja yang sangat baik dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di masa depan.
Testing the ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System Using Synthesized Earthquake Sequences
Authors: Böse Maren , Andrews Jennifer , O’Rourke Colin , Kilb Deborah , Lux Angela , Bunn Julian , McGuire Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

We test the behavior of the United States (US) West Coast ShakeAlert earthquake early warning (EEW) system during temporally close earthquake pairs to understand current performance and limitations. We consider performance metrics based on source parameter and ground-motion forecast accuracy, as well as on alerting timeliness. We generate ground-motion times series for synthesized earthquake sequences from real data by combining the signals from pairs of well-recorded earthquakes (4.4≤M≤7.1) using time shifts ranging from −60 to +180 s. We examine fore- and aftershock sequences, near-simultaneous events in different source regions, and simulated out-of-network and offshore earthquakes. We find that the operational ShakeAlert algorithms Earthquake Point-source Integrated Code (EPIC) and Finite-Fault Rupture Detector (FinDer) and the Propagation of Local Undamped Motion (PLUM) method perform largely as expected: EPIC provides the best source location estimates and is often fastest but can underestimate magnitudes or, in extreme cases, miss large earthquakes; FinDer provides real-time line-source models and unsaturated magnitude estimates for large earthquakes but currently cannot process concurrent events and may mislocate offshore earthquakes; PLUM identifies pockets of strong ground motion, but can overestimate alert areas. Implications for system performance are: (1) spatially and temporally close events are difficult to identify separately; (2) challenging scenarios with foreshocks that are close in space and time can lead to missed alerts for large earthquakes; and (3) in these situations the algorithms can often estimate ground motion better than source parameters. To improve EEW, our work suggests revisiting the current algorithm weighting in ShakeAlert, to continue developments that focus on using ground-motion data to aggregate alerts from multiple algorithms, and to investigate methods to optimally leverage algorithm ground-motion estimates. For testing and certification of EEW performance in ShakeAlert and other EEW systems where applicable, we also suggest that 25 of our 73 scenarios become part of the baseline data set.
Common chronic conditions in pediatric primary care
Authors: Alharbi Shada Murshed , Alluheybi Abdulelah Ahmad , AlHarbi Arif Aedh , Alkaabi Latifa Khalifa , Alshahrani Kholoud Mesfer , Farrash Khairiyyah Khalid , Alothman Saleh Mohammed , Alhaider Abeer Haider , Almomen Farah Abdulkareem , Albusaiteeni Aysha Salah , Arishi Nouriyah Haider
Published: September 2022

Chronic health conditions comprise illnesses as well as physical disabilities that last longer than 12 months and limit the patient’s usual activity. The prevalence of chronic illnesses and disabilities in children and adolescents has more than doubled in the last 60 to 70 years. Common chronic conditions encountered among children across the globe include bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, and developmental disabilities like cerebral palsy, in addition to congenital and heredofamilial conditions including certain hemolytic anemias and genitourinary disorders endemic to Saudi Arabia and the Middle East. Factors implicated in the shift in child health epidemiology from acute to chronic illnesses include better availability of diagnostic tools, improved specialized care access for pediatric patients suffering from complex congenital disorders, neoplasms, and premature births, and especially in case of disadvantaged populations, environmental factors like unhealthy living conditions, food insecurity and poor perinatal health. The two most common chronic conditions of childhood and adolescence managed by primary care physicians around the world and in Saudi Arabia are asthma and diabetes. Common risk factors across various diseases are urbanization, poor lifestyle, and consanguinity. The research on childhood-onset diseases and their different phenotypes in Saudi Arabia is scarce and confined largely to a few highly prevalent conditions at present.
Effectiveness of peripheral defocus spectacle lenses in myopia control: a Meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors:   Vitreoretinal Department, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China, Ma Ji-Xian , Liu Qiu-Ping ,   Vitreoretinal Department, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
Published: September 2022

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of peripheral defocus spectacle lenses (PDLs) in myopia control.
METHODS: Literature retrieval on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases, and the search time limit was from the establishment of each database to December 29, 2021 were conducted. Change of spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial change (AL) were extracted from the literatures that met the inclusion criteria, and RevMan5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this Meta-analysis, involving 770 myopic children. The results showed that PDLs could delay the progression of myopia in children with myopia compared with single vision spectacle lenses (SVLs; WMD=0.21 D, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.41, P=0.04). However, there was no significant difference in controlling the growth of axial length (AL) in myopic children (WMD=-0.10 mm, 95%CI: -0.21, 0.01, P=0.07). The results of the effectiveness of myopia control between the two spectacle lenses showed that PDLs were more effective in controlling the progression of myopia (OR=5.73, 95%CI: 2.58, 12.70, P<0.001) and delaying the growth of AL (OR=44.25, 95%CI: 8.84, 221.58, P<0.001) than SVLs, and the differences were statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: PDLs can control the progression of myopia compared with SVLs, but cannot delay the growth of AL, and the effectiveness of PDLs in myopia control better than SVLs.
Physiological Intracranial Calcifications in Children
Authors: Sirasanagandla Srinivasa R , Al Hajri Faiza , Boudaka Ammar , Al Dhuhli Humoud , Al Ajmi Eiman
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Physiological intracranial calcifications (PICs) are benign in nature and related to aging. We aimed to study the frequency of physiological intracranial calcifications (PICs) in pediatric population using computed tomography (CT). Methods: The brain CT scans of consecutive patients (age range, 0-15 years) who had visited Sultan Qaboos University Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 were retrospectively assessed for the presence of PICs. The presence of calcifications was identified using 3 mm thick axial images, and coronal and sagittal reformats. Results: A total of 460 patients were examined and the mean age was 6.54 ± 4.94 years. The frequency of PIC in boys and girls was 35.1% and 35.4%, respectively. PICs were most common in choroid plexus with 35.21% (age range 0.4 -15 years; median, 12 years), followed by the pineal gland in 21.08% (age range 0.5 -15 years; median, 12 years) and the habenular nucleus in 13.04% of subjects (2.9 -15 years; median, 12 years). PICs were less common in falx cerebri with 5.86% (age range 2.8-15 years; median, 13 years) and tentorium cerebelli in 3.04% (age range 7-15 years; median, 14 years) of subjects. PICs increased significantly with increasing age (p<0.001). Conclusion: Choroid plexus is the most frequent site of calcification. Choroid plexus and pineal gland calcifications may be present at less than 1 year of age. Recognizing PICs is clinically important for radiologists as they can be mistaken for hemorrhage or pathological entities like neoplasms or metabolic diseases.

Keywords: Calcification; Pineal gland; Dura Mater; Brain; Computed Tomography