Pengaruh Aplikasi Ekstrak n-heksana Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Anatomi Daun Gulma Bayam Duri (Amaranthus spinosus L.)
Authors: Rahmah Nafa Siti , Marliah Ainun , Erida Gina 
Published: March 2024

Ageratum conyzoides L. atau sering disebut babadotan, salah satu gulma yang mengandung alelopati yang dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan tanaman lain, sehingga berpotensi menjadi bioherbisida. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh esktrak n-heksana babadotan terhadap pertumbuhan dan anatomi daun gulma bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian, Laboratorium Analisis Pangan dan Hasil Penelitian Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian, Laboratorium Instrumen Kimia Jurusan Kimia FMIPA dan Laboratorium Struktur dan Perkembangan Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh mulai Desember 2022- Juni 2023.  Bahan dasar penelitian yaitu ekstrak n-heksana babadotan pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15% dan 20% serta aquades sebagai kontrol negatif dan 2,4-D sebagai kontrol positif. Penelitian dilakukan sebanyak 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hasil dari penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik yaitu pada ekstrak n-heksana babadotan dengan konsentrasi 10% yang dapat mematikan bayam duri pada 7 HSA (Hari Setelah Aplikasi) dengan menghambat pertumbuhan tinggi, jumlah daun, diameter akar, luas daun, berat kering tajuk, berat kering akar, panjang akar, dan persentase pengendalian gulma. Ekstrak n-heksana babadotan bepengaruh tidak nyata terhadap persentase luas jaringan mesofil pada 1,3 dan 5 HSA. Hasil fitokimia esktrak n-heksana babadotan positif adanya senyawa alkaloid dan terpenoid. (Effect of Application of Billygoat (Ageratum conyzoides L.) n-hexane Extract on the Growth and Leaf Anatomy of Thorn Spinach (Amaranthus spinosus L.)Weed)Ageratum conyzoides L. or often called babadotan, one of the weeds that contains allelopathy that can interfere with the growth of other plants, so it has the potential to become a bioherbicide. The research aims to see the effect of babadotan n-hexane extract on the growth and leaf anatomy of spinach weed (Amaranthus spinosus L.). The research was conducted in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Weed Science Laboratory, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Research Products Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Products Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chemical Instrument Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Structure and Development Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh from December 2022 to June 2023.  The basic ingredients of the study were n-hexane extract of babadotan with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and distilled water as negative control and 2,4-D as positive control. The study was conducted as many as 6 treatments and 3 replicates using a completely randomized design (CRD). The results of the study revealed that the best treatment is babadotan n-hexane extract with a concentration of 10% which could kill spinach thorns at 7 HSA (Days After Application) by inhibiting the growth of height, number of leaves, root diameter, leaf area, crown dry weight, root dry weight, root length, and percentage of weed control. Babadotan n-hexane extract had no significant effect on the percentage of mesophyll tissue area at 1, 3 and 5 DAA.  Phytochemical results of babadotan n-hexane extract were positive for alkaloid and terpenoid compounds.