bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
China’s Experiments with Social Media: Singing Along with Xi Jinping About the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Kuteleva Anna
Published: February 2023

As the Chinese state ramps up its efforts in international narrative competitions, Chinese media master new genres and test different visual languages on global social media platforms. The diverse content they produce provides a new source of information about China’s self-representations intended for foreigners and thus provides a condensed answer to one of the key questions of China’s foreign policy: Who is China? It also responds to the question that many observers outside of China pose: What does China’s rise mean for the rest of the world? To explain how Chinese state media use new mediums to (re)imagine China and narrate its relations with the world, this study focuses on the entertainment visual content they posted on YouTube between 2013 and 2019 to introduce and endorse Xi Jinping’s Belt and Road initiative (BRI). Using a critical discursive methodology, it decodes text-visual frames created by Chinese media to bring to the fore components of BRI’s discursive politics that are imperceptible in formal diplomatic communications.
Depleting Water Tables and Groundwater Productivity Issues in India’s Green Revolution States
Authors: Khara Deepratan Singh , Ghuman Ranjit Singh
Published: February 2023

For all its importance to the Green Revolution, groundwater is India’s most valuable and vulnerable natural resource. This is especially true in Punjab and Haryana, two of India’s most agriculturally advanced states. Between 2004 and 2017, groundwater levels in Punjab and Haryana fell by 7 and 5 m, respectively. This study aims to evaluate regional groundwater extraction trends and assess the productivity of groundwater irrigation for rice and wheat, the two most significant crops in Punjab and Haryana. The results indicate significant disparities in groundwater irrigation and economic productivity in both inter-state and intra-state settings.
Neighborhood Ecological Models of Alcohol Outlet Density and Male–on–Female Domestic Violence: Accounting for Adjacent Place and Neighborhood Characteristics
Authors: Johnson Thomas H. , Snowden Aleksandra J.
Published: February 2023

Alcohol availability is a consistent predictor of domestic violence, including intimate partner violence. Less is known about the effects of alcohol availability in neighboring units of analysis on domestic violence. This study examined whether alcohol outlet density in Milwaukee, Wisconsin is associated with Male-on-Female domestic violence (MFDV). Using block groups as the unit of analysis ( N = 571), spatial regression models were estimated to model the relationship between the density of total, on-premise, and off-premise alcohol outlets on MFDV, while accounting for the spatial spillover effect (i.e., alcohol availability and neighborhood characteristics in focal and surrounding block groups). At the focal level, off-premise alcohol outlets are associated with MFDV, net of concentrated disadvantage, lack of health insurance, MFDV lag and total population. Additionally, off-premise alcohol outlet density in surrounding units of analysis is a significant predictor of MFDV. However, total and on-premise densities did not demonstrate a relationship with MFDV.
Criminal Litigation of Workplace Violence in Chinese Hospitals and Legal Effort to Deescalate Crimes
Authors: Li Heng , Gao Dajun , Guan Yanjie , Xu Chang
Published: February 2023

Workplace violence in Chinese hospitals has increasingly attracted world attention. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of criminal litigation cases on workplace violence in Chinese hospitals at a national level and explore the influencing factors associated with the severity of workplace violence. A retrospective study was designed to analyse 507 criminal litigation cases on workplace violence in Chinese hospitals, with data extracted from the Chinese court website. The multiple ordered logistic regression model was used to analyse the impact of the potential influencing factors on the severity of workplace violence. The crimes as workplace violence in the hospitals were concentrated in East and Central China (53.9%). The most common clinical specialty involved in workplace violence was Gynecology and Obstetrics (27.8%). The first 4 types of crimes as workplace violence in the hospitals were the crime as picking quarrels and provoking trouble (26.0%), the crime as disrupting public service (20.7%), the crime as intentional injury (19.1%), and the crime as gathering people to disturb public order (15.2%). The severity of crimes as workplace violence in the hospitals was significantly associated with location (OR = 2.569, P = .013), victim type (policemen or security guards) (OR = 0.495, P = .005), more than 3 victims (OR = 2.252, P = .035), perpetrators (patients’ family member) (OR = 0.491, P = .045), previous arrest (OR = 2.113, P = .024), premeditation (OR = 2.234, P = .004), and psychiatric disorders (OR = 1.911, P = .019). The number of the crimes as workplace violence in Chinese hospitals was slightly declining from 2014 to 2020. The severity of crimes as workplace violence in the hospitals was significantly associated with secondary hospitals, more than 3 victims, victim type (policemen or security guards), perpetrators (patients’ family member), previous arrest, premeditation, and psychiatric disorders.
Cosmic Political Theory
Authors: Abulof Uriel , Le Penne Shirley
Published: February 2023

Modern political thought arrived on the heels of two revolutionary realizations: We are not at the center of the universe (Copernicus), which was not created for us (Darwin). How might political theory respond to a third revolutionary realization, that we are not alone, that other creatures, sentient and highly intelligent, share our vast universe? We explore answers through a dialogue between two political theorists, a human and an alien. Rather than superimposing astropolitics upon anthropolitics, we use the encounter to ask new questions, e.g., should PT foster bridges between humans and aliens, or harden the boundaries? Pitting Dark Forest Theory against the Campfire Theory, we outline the coming existential and existentialist turns in political theory, complementing Earth politics with exopolitics.
Why Did They Assume Only Humans Had Politics?
Authors: Ferguson Kennan
Published: February 2023

This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries.
Post-modern Slavery and Post-human Souls: New History for Old Political Theory
Authors: Floyd Jonathan
Published: February 2023

This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries.
A Recovered Script: Political Theory in the Year 2422
Authors: LeMoine Rebecca
Published: February 2023

This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries.
The Stories We Share: Learnings from a Hundred Years of the Three Communities
Authors: Mylius Ben
Published: February 2023

This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries.
Requiem for the Stranger
Authors: Pressly Lowry
Published: February 2023

This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries.
Correspondence
Authors: Kastle-Michaelson A. Fergus , Westlund Eunice
Published: February 2023

This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries.
Review Essay: Agrarian Labor, Property, and Locke: Fashioning a Transnational Political Theory of Colonization
Authors: Issar Siddhant
Published: February 2023

While most of Political Theory’s 50th anniversary issue looks forward to imagining political theory in the future, the Book Review section looks backward to consider those books and schools of political theory not reviewed on the pages of the journal—but which went on to shape the field nonetheless. The aim of this section is not to constitute a new and newly virtuous canon, but rather to goad readers to reflect anew on knowledge production and the institutional and circulatory practices that compose it, reaching from journal readers, to classrooms and conferences, and on to late night conversations and confabulations.
Review Essay: Life Beyond Work: On the Political Theory of Capitalism
Authors: Klein Steven
Published: February 2023

While most of Political Theory’s 50th anniversary issue looks forward to imagining political theory in the future, the Book Review section looks backward to consider those books and schools of political theory not reviewed on the pages of the journal—but which went on to shape the field nonetheless. The aim of this section is not to constitute a new and newly virtuous canon, but rather to goad readers to reflect anew on knowledge production and the institutional and circulatory practices that compose it, reaching from journal readers, to classrooms and conferences, and on to late night conversations and confabulations.
Review Essay: Breaking Ground: The Legacy of Michael Dawson’s Black Visions in Black Political Thought
Authors: Jordie Davies Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

While most of Political Theory’s 50th anniversary issue looks forward to imagining political theory in the future, the Book Review section looks backward to consider those books and schools of political theory not reviewed on the pages of the journal—but which went on to shape the field nonetheless. The aim of this section is not to constitute a new and newly virtuous canon, but rather to goad readers to reflect anew on knowledge production and the institutional and circulatory practices that compose it, reaching from journal readers, to classrooms and conferences, and on to late night conversations and confabulations.
Ganja and the Laws of Men: Cannabis Decriminalization and Social (In)Justice in Jamaica
Authors: Neis Araujo Felipe
Published: February 2023

This article describes the harms caused by the criminalization of cannabis in Jamaica and the outcomes of the decriminalization and legalization processes that started in 2015. It argues that the current framework does not promote social justice for actors historically engaged in the cannabis trade and suggests that it should be revised and aligned with policies geared towards reparations. It focuses on the historical entanglements between Rastafarians, law enforcement, and criminal justice once the prohibition has been weaponized against these actors. I discuss the involvement of the US in the attempt to eradicate cannabis in Jamaica, the massive investment in militarization, and the state violence embodied in the war against cannabis to then unpack the issues with the process of decriminalization and legalization. It concludes by suggesting that the Cannabis Licensing Authority and the Jamaican government must develop deeper engagement with traditional farmers to design and implement policies that will allow them to enjoy the benefits of the current legal cannabis market.
Transnational migration and dual citizenship: The conundrum of social and economic rights of dual citizens in Pakistan
Authors: Chaudry Ayesha Masood , Bilal Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Pakistan is among the Asian countries which permits dual citizenship. However, the dual citizenship privileges availed by overseas-based Pakistanis spark intense debate making Pakistani dual citizens and their entitlements a contested subject in the country. A qualitative study was conducted in the city of Rawalpindi asking what the attitudes of Pakistani citizens on dual citizenship are, as well as their positions on the rights of dual citizens with regard to education, employment and property ownership in Pakistan. In-depth interviews were conducted with two groups of interviewees: 25 Pakistani citizens and 18 Pakistani dual citizens. The findings suggest that Pakistani citizens resist the unconditional provision of socio-economic rights to Pakistani dual citizens considering their “split loyalties.” Most of the respondents argued against their employment in sensitive institutions such as the armed forces and judiciary, however, their right to education and property acquisition was supported in circumstances when it benefits Pakistan’s development. The perspectives of dual citizens also reflect ambivalence over how to resolve the allegiance conundrum and as a result, display divergent views on their privileges and rights in their home country.
The wellbeing of ordinary people in factual television production
Authors: Coleman Emily Rose
Published: February 2023

This article aims to explore the links between the structural organisation of the television industry and the wellbeing of the ordinary people who take part in its productions. Following a series of high-profile suicides, calls have been made for broadcasters to reconsider their duty of care. New regulations have been initiated in the UK, emphasising the need to risk-assess vulnerable contributors and provide them with psychological support. But these changes have been driven by moral outrage and media criticism rather than empirical research, and a lack of attention has been paid to understanding the views of the participants themselves. Based on in-depth interviews with a sample of 30 documentary contributors and producers, this article will seek to contextualise their experiences within the political economy of TV production, focussing on the impact of five recent developments in relation to working practices, jobs functions, narrative norms, marketing strategies, and the wider media ecology. My argument is that the wellbeing of contributors, producers, and the production environment are all intrinsically connected, and have been fundamentally reshaped by the neo-liberal reorganisation of the industry.
Health Behavior Patterns and Associated Risk of Memory-Related Disorders Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Couples
Authors: Kong Dexia , Lu Peiyi , Lee Yen-Han , Wu Bei , Shelley Mack
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Studies on the interdependence of couples’ health behaviors and subsequent cognitive outcomes remain limited. Methods: Longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2018) were used ( N = 1869 heterosexual couples). Latent class analysis identified the dyadic pattern of health behaviors in 2011 (i.e., alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical inactivity). Stratified Cox models examined the association of latent classes with risk of developing memory-related disorders in 2013–2018. Results: Three classes were identified: class 1 (21.25%, only husband smoke, and both active), class 2 (47.55%, both inactive, neither drink nor smoke), and class 3 (31.20%, both drink and smoke, and both active). Couples’ sedentary lifestyle was associated with an increased risk of memory-related disorders among both husbands and wives. Conclusion: Couples were moderately concordant in their physical activity but weakly in smoking and drinking. Couple-based interventions, especially promoting physical activity, may reduce cognitive aging among middle-aged and older Chinese couples.
The Practice and Politics of Secretary General Appointments
Authors: Van Dorp Erik-Jan
Published: February 2023

The question of who is appointed to key administrative posts at the expense of whom lies at the heart of public administration research. In this paper, I study what career experiences have increased senior civil servants’ chances of being appointed to a secretary general position. The civil service politicization and core executive literatures suggest such appointments are impacted by loyalty, ability, and proximity to power. These hypotheses are investigated using a mixed methods research design combining quantitative analysis of the career paths of all active senior civil servants in the years 2000–2020 ( n = 247) with 22 elite interviews with cabinet ministers and bureaucrats in the Netherlands. The main findings of this paper are that active affiliation with minister-delivering political parties and having worked in the prime minister's office significantly increased the odds of a candidate's appointment to an SG position, whereas managerial experience did not. These findings challenge the conventional theory of nonpoliticized appointments and unlock possibilities for comparative research on bureaucrats’ biographies.
Prediction of Permanent Deformation of Granular Layers in Asphalt Pavements with Pavement Analysis Using the Nonlinear Damage Approach—Airfield Pavements
Authors: Khresat Ghaith A. , Darabi Masoud K. , Little Dallas N. , Garg Navneet
Published: February 2023

The prediction of stress, strain, and permanent deformation (rutting) in granular layers is a challenging task and requires sophisticated constitutive relationships. This paper uses a mechanistic-based model to predict the rutting of granular layers in airfield pavements when subjected to different tire pressures. This model incorporates Drucker–Prager (D-P) plasticity and includes an evolving hardening function that accounts for the changes in the hardening function in cyclic loading. The developed model is implemented in Pavement Analysis Using the Nonlinear Damage Approach—Airfield Pavements software developed for performance prediction of airfield pavements. Using this model, it was possible to predict the permanent deformation of airfield pavements when subjected to C-17 and C-130 aircraft wheels. The model was validated against the test sections tested at the Engineering Research and Development Center for two different wheel loads.
One-dimensional approximation of heat transfer in flashlamp-assisted automated tape placement
Authors: Danezis Anastasios , Williams David , Skordos Alex
Published: February 2023

A computationally efficient heat transfer simulation of flashlamp-assisted automated tape placement (ATP) is put forward in this work. The simulation combines distinct 1D finite element models representing the tow, the deposited material, and the resulting stack with appropriate transfer of temperature information to ensure field continuity. Direct comparison against a validated 2D model of ATP shows good agreement in the irradiation region, underneath and beyond the roller vicinity with errors up to 14°C. The combined solution of 1D models requires only 1-2% of the computational effort needed for an equivalent 2D analysis without compromising results resolution, whilst it is better suited for providing the full material temperature history throughout consecutive processing cycles. The accuracy and fast computation render this method appealing for studies which require an iterative execution of the model in a practical timeframe such as in optimisation schemes, inverse solutions, training of surrogate models and stochastic simulation.
Building an Outward-Oriented Social Family Legacy: Rhetorical History in Family Business Foundations
Authors: Manelli Luca , Magrelli Vittoria , Kotlar Josip , Messeni Petruzzelli Antonio , Frattini Federico
Published: February 2023

Scholars have recently paid growing attention to the transfer of family legacies across generations, but existing work has been mainly focused on an inward-oriented, intra-family, perspective. In this article, we seek to understand how family firms engage in rhetorical history to transfer their social family legacy to external stakeholders, what we call “outward-oriented social legacy.” By carrying out a 12-months field study in three Italian family business foundations, our findings unveil three distinctive narrative practices— founder foreshadowing, emplacing the legacy within the broader community, and weaving family history with macro—history—that contribute to transferring outward-oriented social legacies.
Motivation, College Integration, and Intentions to Persist Among First-Generation College Students: A Latent Class Approach
Authors: Tsai Chia-Lin , Estrada Samantha , Flores Lisa Y. , Brown Carlene
Published: February 2023

The current study investigated the relationship between motivation to attend college, college integration, and persistence intentions among first-generation college students (FGCS). Participants consisted of 414 FGCS from two 4-year institutions in the mountain and southwestern regions of the United States. Through latent class analysis, this study 1) examined first-generation college students’ motivation profiles as characterized by intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, 2) described the characteristics of individuals in each motivation profile by examining the differences in personal characteristics across latent classes, and 3) examined the association between the outcome variables (i.e., college integration, commitment, and persistence intentions) and latent class membership. Three distinct profiles of college motivation among FGCS were observed, suggesting heterogeneous motivation orientations exist among the FGCS population. Students in the High Motivation group showed the most desirable outcomes among the three groups. Implications for career development theory, practice, and research are discussed.
Career Adaptability as a Predictor of Job Search Intentions and Career Readiness of Young Adults in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Waqfi Mohammed A. , Tlaiss Hayfaa , Ghoudi Kilani
Published: February 2023

In this study, we used the career construction theory (CCT) to examine the effects of career adaptability resources and career adapting responses on the career readiness of young adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Using data from a sample of 635 senior business students at two universities, we found that career adaptability has a positive impact on two measures of career readiness including career decidedness and perceived employability. Our findings also indicate that career adaptability, as expected, predicts two relevant career adaptive responses within the United Arab Emirates context including intentions to seek “Wasta” (using social connections to help in finding a job) and willingness to work in the private sector (WWPS). We further found that WWPS mediates the relationship between career adaptability and perceived employability. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Heat transfer evaluation of single and hybrid nanofluids as cooling media in car radiators: A 3D-CFD approach in flat tubes
Authors: Kiaei Mohammad Bagher , Adibi Pouyan , Abedini Ehsan
Published: February 2023

Forced heat transfer of Al2O3-water, CuO-water, and TiO2-water nanofluids, Al2O3-CuO-water, Al2O3-TiO2-water, and CuO-TiO2-water nanoparticles in volumetric concentrations of 0.5%, 0.9%, and 2% were studied in a flat tube car radiator. In this work, the thermal performance of hybrid nanofluid will be compared with mono nanofluid and pure water base fluid. These nanoparticles were combined in ratios of (75:25), (50:50), and (25:75) in pure water. Mono and hybrid nanofluids with an inlet temperature of 90 °C, and in different Reynolds numbers (272–816) were studied and numerically simulated. The heat transfer performances of mono and hybrid nanofluids were determined using Nusselt number (Nu), overall heat transfer coefficient ( U), convective heat transfer coefficient ( h), and heat transfer rate ( Qa). The results show an enhancement in the thermal performances of the radiator with an increase in Reynolds number and volume concentration as follows: (Al2O3-water > Al2O3-CuO-water (75:25) > Al2O3-CuO-water (50:50) >Al2O3-CuO-water (25:75) > Al2O3-TiO2-water (75:25) > CuO-TiO2-water (75:25) > Al2O3-TiO2-water (50:50) > CuO-TiO2-water (50:50) > CuO-water > Al2O3-TiO2-water (25:75) > CuO-TiO2-water (25:75) > TiO2-water).
Experimental investigation of crossflow air effect on spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel using an internally impinging air-blast atomizer
Authors: Pandian Balaguru , Das Rajarshi
Published: February 2023

The present study aims to experimentally analyse the influence of crossflow aerodynamic parameters on the spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel. A Jet-A1 gel fuel is prepared by combining 85 percentage by weight (wt. %) of Jet-A1 liquid as base fuel with an organo-gel solution having Thixatrol ST (7.5 wt. %) as gelling agent and Rectified xylene (7.5 wt. %) as solvent. Shear flow test is performed on the gel fuel using a rotational rheometer, to understand its non-Newtonian rheological properties. An internally impinging air blast atomizer is used to study the gel spray characteristics by injecting the gel fuel transversely into the subsonic cross flowing airstream environment. Gel spray images are captured by generating a laser sheet along the midplane of the test section across the crossflow air stream direction using the Laser Sheet Photography (LSP) technique. The captured gel spray images are used to visualize the gel spray structure in both spray axis as well as the crossflow air stream direction. These images are then investigated by developing an algorithm in MATLAB using an image processing tool. By incorporating the canny edge detection method into the MATLAB code, gel spray characteristics such as droplet size distribution, Sauter-mean-diameter, Arithmetic-mean-diameter, windward trajectories, and maximum penetration height are determined. Further, the effect of aerodynamic parameters such as crossflow Reynolds’ number and aerodynamic Weber number on the gel spray characteristics are investigated. Droplet size distribution and maximum penetration height of gelled Jet-A1 spray revealed its dependence on crossflow Reynolds’ number. Sauter-Mean-Diameter of gel droplets and windward trajectories of the gel spray decreases significantly as the aerodynamic Weber number increases. Thus, it can be concluded that the fineness of the spray is also a function of the crossflow aerodynamic parameters other than the atomizer.
Dynamic response prediction of hydraulic soft robotic arms based on LSTM neural network
Authors: Xie Qing , Zhang Yunce , Wang Tao , Zhu Shiqiang
Published: February 2023

Hydraulic soft robotic arms possess advantages of high flexibility and good adaptability by simulating biological organs, such as elephant trunks and octopus tentacles, and therefore have broad application prospects in unstructured environments. However, the dynamic models established by physical mechanism have some problems, such as lack of accuracy and poor real-time performance due to complex nonlinear relationships between hydraulic pressures and arm deformations. This article investigated the dynamic analysis and response prediction of a double-section hydraulic soft arm based on long short-term memory neural network. The real-time tip coordinates of the hydraulic soft arm were collected under randomly generated pressure excitations. The long short-term memory neural network was built by taking the hydraulic pressures as inputs and the tip coordinates as outputs. The experimental data were divided into training set, validation set, and test set, where the training set was used to learn the parameters of the long short-term memory network, the validation set was used to optimize the hyperparameters, and the test set was used to evaluate the performance. The results showed that the dynamic model based on the long short-term memory neural network could predict the dynamic response of the hydraulic soft arm under given inputs efficiently and accurately. This data-driven model provides a candidate for the application of dynamic response prediction and motion control of the hydraulic soft arm.
Understanding Populism
Authors: Webber Jeremy
Published: February 2023

The diversity of features attributed to populism - and, as a result, the variety of critiques leveled at it - are remarkable. It sometimes seems as though people are using the same terms to address very different phenomena. Is there any distinctive meaning to populism? Is populism inherently anti-democratic or, on the contrary, is it the epitome of democratic practice? What should an engagement with populist movements mean for the theory and practice of democracy? This paper seeks to map the discursive ecosystem that populism determines. It canvasses the phenomena often associated with populism, proposes an interrelated set of concerns that is distinctive to populism, suggests how populism intersects with propensities and affinities with which it is often associated, emphasises the role of growing economic inequality, and suggests responses to populist movements that are grounded in a truly democratic constitutionalism.
Threat by Association, Islamic Puritanism and Conspiracy Beliefs Explain A Religious Majority Group’s Collective Protest Against Religious Minority Groups
Authors: Mashuri Ali , Osteen Chad
Published: February 2023

This article addresses the question of why members of a majority group, despite their more powerful status, may protest against low-power minority groups. The present study addressed this question in the context of immanent intergroup relations between Muslims, as the majority group, and non-Muslims, as the minority group, in Indonesia. It is argued that at the core of such collective protests is a threat by association, a perception of the majority group members that the minority groups are in league with the West which threatens the existence of Muslims worldwide. Based on data collected using a survey questionnaire from Indonesian Muslims ( N = 418) this study tested a hypothesised model using threat by association posed by the minority groups, Islamic puritanism and beliefs relating to western conspiracy to predict collective protests and intolerant intentions against non-Muslim minorities in Indonesia by using MPlus version 7.0. The hypothesised model found empirical support. The relationship between threat by association and Islamic puritanism with collective protests was mediated by Western conspiracy beliefs. It was also found that support for collective protests got translated into majority group members’ religious intolerant intentions against the people belonging to the non-Muslim minority groups. The article discusses the theoretical implications and research limitations of these empirical findings.
Implementation Costs of Technology-Enhanced Transitional Palliative Care for Rural Caregivers
Authors: Kaufman Brystana G. , Holland Diane E. , Vanderboom Catherine E. , Ingram Cory , Wild Ellen M. , Dose Ann Marie , Stiles Carole , Gustavson Allison M. , Chun Alice , Langan Erica M. , Baer-Benson Henry A. , Mandrekar Jay , Griffin Joan M.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Compared to urban family caregivers (FCG), rural FCG experience greater burdens accessing coordinated care for their loved ones during and after hospitalization. The impact of technology-enhanced transitional palliative care (TPC) on caregiver outcomes is currently being evaluated in a randomized control trial. This study evaluates resource use and health system costs of this FCG-focused TPC intervention and potential Medicare reimbursement mechanisms.

Methods

Rural caregivers of hospitalized patients were randomized into an 8-week intervention consisting of video visits conducted by a registered nurse certified in palliative care, supplemented with phone calls and texts (n = 215), or attentional control. Labor costs were estimated for a registered nurse and compared to scenario analyses using a nurse practitioner or social worker wages. Medicare reimbursement scenarios included Transitional Care Management (TCM) and Chronic Care Management (CCM) CPT codes.

Results

In the base case, TPC cost was $395 per FCG facilitated by a registered nurse, compared to $337 and $585 if facilitated by a social worker or nurse practitioner, respectively. Mean Medicare reimbursement in the TCM-only scenario was $322 and $260 for high or moderate complexity patients, respectively. Reimbursement in the CCM only scenario was $348 and $274 for complex and non-complex patients, respectively. Reimbursement in the TCM+CCM scenario was $496 and $397, for high/complex and moderate/non-complex patients, respectively.

Conclusion

TPC is a feasible, low cost and sustainable strategy to enhance FCG support in rural areas. Potential reimbursement mechanisms are available to offset the costs to the health system for providing transitional palliative care to caregivers of patients recently hospitalized.
Predictors of Engagement Barriers for Adolescent ADHD Treatment
Authors: Johansson Margaret , Greenwood Lydia , Torres Antunez Gissell , Link Kara , Sibley Margaret H.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to understand patient characteristics that predict engagement barriers during behavior therapy for ADHD.

Method:

Participants were 121 adolescents with ADHD and parents who received evidence-based behavior therapy for ADHD. Multiple regression examined relationships between six independent variables and frequency of barriers.

Results:

ODD comorbidity and parental ADHD predicted higher frequency of overall barriers. With respect to barriers subtypes, these variables also predicted higher frequencies of cognitive, teen, early-treatment and mid-treatment barriers. Late-treatment, ODD predicted higher frequency of barriers, while minority status predicted lower barriers.

Conclusions:

Adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and comorbid ODD, or who have parents that are also diagnosed with ADHD, are at greatest risk for engagement barriers during behavior therapy. During all phases of treatment, this patient subgroup would benefit from enhancements to standard behavior therapy that focus on therapeutic engagement—particularly targeting teen beliefs about treatment.
The Non-Human Primate in Safety Assessment of a Bifunctional Long-Acting Insulin Analogue
Authors: Jensen Vivi FH , Jensen Nikolai K , Schefe Line H , Sigh Jens , Akintomide Akinyemi , Kaaber Kari , Moesgaard Sophia G , Pedersen Mona H
Published: February 2023

Species selection plays a pivotal part during non-clinical safety assessment in drug development. If possible, use of non-human primates (NHPs) should be avoided due to ethical considerations. However, limiting factors as lack of pharmacologic activity in other species could necessitate use of NHPs. LAI-PCSK9i is a bi-functional molecule combining a long-acting insulin analogue with a PCSK9 inhibitor peptide aiming to provide glycaemic control and to reduce plasma LDL concentrations. The NHP was chosen for the safety assessment of LAI-PCSK9i being the most relevant species with basal levels and plasma lipid composition closest to humans, while the dog and initially also the minipig were deemed irrelevant due to lack of pharmacologic activity on LDL-lowering and biological differences in lipid profiles. An in vivo tolerability and toxicokinetic study of LAI-PCSK9i in NHPs showed recurrent and severe hypoglycaemia at very low doses. Therefore, the minipig was re-evaluated and a follow-up study thoroughly assessing blood glucose and cholesterol levels and clinical signs illustrated that minipigs dosed with LAI-PCSK9i, tolerated the compound and LAI-PCSK9i decreased glucose and LDL over time. This work underlines that careful consideration is required when selecting species during safety assessment in drug development. The tolerability issue in NHPs led to the subsequent selection of the minipig for safety evaluation of LAI-PCSK9i although as a suboptimal alternative, which unexpectedly had a measurable pharmacologic response on LDL lowering. In conclusion, the NHPs may be unsuitable as test species for safety assessment of long-acting insulin analogues due to high sensitivity to recurring hypoglycaemic episodes.
The irony of fairness: How procedural fairness climate perceptions can hinder disadvantaged group members’ support for social change
Authors: Dierckx Kim , van Hiel Alain , Swart Hermann , Valcke Barbara
Published: February 2023

The current research investigated an “ironic” consequence of a perceived procedural fairness climate vis-à-vis disadvantaged groups. Specifically, we examined whether the perception that societal institutions treat one’s underprivileged group in a procedurally fair way negatively impacts upon minority group members’ support for social change. Six studies (total N = 1,076) supported our claims. In survey Study 1 (Belgian ethnic minorities), procedural fairness climate perceptions were negatively related to support for social change. Cross-sectional Studies 2 (colored South Africans) and 3 (Hispanic Americans) further showed that this relationship is mediated by beliefs in minority mobility. Finally, Studies 4–6 (Asian and African Americans) provided experimental evidence corroborating our causal mediation model. Our findings align with literature demonstrating similar “ironic” effects of procedural fairness among advantaged group members, as they illustrate that the perception of a procedural fairness climate can analogously prevent disadvantaged group members from advocating changes that could alleviate their state of deprivation.
Ethical and legal dilemmas experienced by Israeli social workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Segal Michal , Gur Ayelet
Published: February 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic (Coronavirus) has created complex challenges for recipients of social services worldwide and for the social workers entrusted with assisting them. This article presents a study of the decision-making process of Israeli social workers when coping with ethical and legal dilemmas arising during the pandemic.

Method

A qualitative self-administered survey was completed by 478 social workers who worked during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thematic analysis was used to identify major themes.

Findings

We identified three major themes. The first theme was concern over the potential violation of the service users' privacy and confidentiality due to the unique circumstances of the pandemic. The second theme was the danger to the social workers' health when serving clients during the pandemic. The third theme focused on difficulties in providing professional services during the pandemic.

Applications

We present several recommendations to help social workers cope with ethical and legal decisions in national emergencies.
The Emergence of Mixed Martial-Arts and the Future of Boxing: An Analysis of Consumer Interest and Compensation
Authors: Watanabe Nicholas M. , Soebbing Brian P. , Chahardovali Tarlan , Huang Yinle
Published: February 2023

Despite its long-standing history as the most popular and mainstream combat sport, boxing has been confronted with increased competition from mixed martial arts (MMA) in recent decades. The dominant organization in the MMA market, the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), has grown to become a multibillion dollar organization. In this article, we directly compare consumer interest and fighter compensation between boxing and the UFC to consider the economic potential for these combat sports into the future. Overall, our conclusions indicate that boxing has continued to be more lucrative as a whole, with the key factor being the presence of superstar athletes.
Missed Nursing Care in Medical and Surgical Wards in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Albsoul Rania Ali , Safadi Reema Rafiq , Alshyyab Muhammad Ahmed , FitzGerald Gerard , Hughes James A. , Ahmad Muayyad
Published: February 2023

Missed nursing care is a multifaceted patient safety issue receiving increased attention among healthcare scholars worldwide. There is limited research on missed nursing care in the Jordanian healthcare context. The current study sought to examine the perceptions of Jordanian nurses toward the amount and types of missed nursing care in medical and surgical wards. We also examined the differences in missed care items between public, private, and university hospitals in Jordan. This was a cross-sectional study using the MISSCARE Survey tool. Data collection spanned 4 months between March and July 2021. The final study sample consisted of 672 registered nurses employed in five public, three private, and two university hospitals in Jordan. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficent test. Of the 672 registered nurses who participated, the majority were females ( n = 421; 62.6%). Most participants held a bachelor's degree in nursing ( n = 577; 85.9%). The three most common missed nursing activities in the participating hospitals were: ambulation, oral care, and emotional support. Nurses working in public hospitals reported the highest missed nursing care. The age and number of patients under care significantly correlated with missed nursing care. The findings could help nursing managers develop plans to reduce missed nursing care in their healthcare institutions.
YouTube as a Source of Patient Information for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: An Analysis of Video Reliability, Quality, and Content
Authors: Lama Christopher J. , Hartnett Davis A. , Donnelly Joseph C. , Yang Daniel S. , Kosinski Lindsay R. , Katarincic Julia A. , Gil Joseph A.
Published: February 2023

Background:

This study seeks to examine the reliability, quality, and content of YouTube videos on cubital tunnel syndrome, on which there is presently a paucity of information.

Methods:

The top 50 unique YouTube videos by relevance resulting from the Boolean search term “cubital tunnel + cubital tunnel syndrome” were identified, with video properties for analysis including source, upload date, duration, views, and comments. Content was assessed using the Journal of American Medical Association ( JAMA) criteria, the Global Quality Score (GQS), and a “Cubital Tunnel–Specific Score” (CTSS).

Results:

The average video saw 72 108 ± 199 362 views, with videos produced by allied (nonphysician) health professionals demonstrating the highest mean views (111 789 ± 294 471 views). Videos demonstrated low mean JAMA scores (2.4/4 ± 0.7), GQS (2.8/5 ± 1.3), and CTSS (7.5/21 ± 4.3), with academic and nonacademic physician videos demonstrating significantly greater mean GQS and CTSS scores when compared with videos by allied health professionals. Positive independent predictors for GQS included academic sources (β = 1.871), nonacademic physician sources (β = 1.651), and video duration (β = 0.102), which were likewise positive predictors for CTSS (β = 4.553, 4.639, 0.374). Content relating to surgical techniques or approaches for cubital tunnel decompression had the greatest CTSS scores (11.2 [4.2]).

Conclusions:

YouTube is a source of highly accessible information on cubital tunnel syndrome, although the average video presents generally poor and inadequate information. Directing patients toward higher quality video resources can be a meaningful component of patient education.