bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHEX-MATE: Pressure profiles of six galaxy clusters as seen by SPT and Planck
Authors: Oppizzi F. , De Luca F. , Bourdin H. , Mazzotta P. , Ettori S. , Gastaldello F. , Kay S. , Lovisari L. , Maughan B. J. , Pointecouteau E. , Pratt G. W. , Rossetti M. , Sayers J. , Sereno M.
Published: February 2023

Context. Pressure profiles are sensitive probes of the thermodynamic conditions and the internal structure of galaxy clusters. The intra-cluster gas resides in hydrostatic equilibrium within the dark-matter gravitational potential. However, this equilibrium may be perturbed; for example, as a consequence of thermal energy losses, feedback, and non-thermal pressure supports. Accurate measures of the gas pressure over cosmic time are crucial for constraining cluster evolution as well as the contributions from astrophysical processes.

Aims. In this work we present a novel algorithm for deriving the pressure profiles of galaxy clusters from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal measured on a combination of Planck and South Pole Telescope (SPT) observations. The synergy of the two instruments makes it possible to track the profiles on a wide range of spatial scales. We exploited the sensitivity of the Planck High-Frequency Instrument to the larger scales in order to observe the faint peripheries, and took advantage of the higher spatial resolution of SPT to solve the innermost regions.

Methods. We developed a two-step pipeline to take advantage of the specifications of each instrument. We first performed a component separation on the two data sets separately in order to remove the background (CMB) and foreground (Galactic emission) contaminants. We then jointly fitted a parametric pressure profile model on a combination of Planck and SPT data.

Results. We validated our technique on a sample of six CHEX-MATE clusters detected by SPT. We compare the results of the SZ analysis with profiles derived from X-ray observations with XMM-Newton. We find excellent agreement between these two independent probes of the gas pressure structure.
Lateral attitude control of solar-powered UAV with high aspect ratio
Authors: WANG Bo , ZHANG He , GAO Zhenghong
Published: February 2023

A solar-powered UAV usually has a high-aspect-ratio and flexible structural design. Its aerodynamic and mass characteristics are different from those of a conventional aircraft. This paper compares the differences in lateral aerodynamic data with those of Class I and Class III aircrafts. Based on the rigid-body dynamics theory, the effects of flexible wing deformation on the stability of the UAV are analyzed. Then, by combining the structural deformation, inertia variation and aerodynamic derivative, the solar-powered UAV's lateral stability is analyzed based on the root locus method. The variation of eigenvalues with wing deformation is also investigated. The rolling moment equation is combined with the kinematic equation to reveal the roll attitude limitation envelope constrained by the kinematic coupling and aileron effects. Taking into account the aerodynamic characteristics of the solar-powered UAV, its wing deformation and roll attitude limitation problem, this paper proposes an adaptive back-stepping control method with strong robustness to achieve the accurate control of the roll attitude of the solar-powered UAV.
A feature extraction method for small sample data based on optimal ensemble random forest
Authors: ZHANG Wei , ZHANG Haochen
Published: February 2023

High dimensional small sample data is the difficulty of data mining. When using the traditional random forest algorithm for feature selection, it is to have the poor stability and low accuracy of feature importance ranking caused by over fitting of classification results. Aiming at the difficulties of random forest in the dimensionality reduction of small sample data, a feature extraction algorithm ote-gwrffs is proposed based on small sample data. Firstly, the algorithm expands the samples based on the generated countermeasure network Gan to avoid the over fitting phenomenon of traditional random forest in the small sample classification. Then, on the basis of data expansion, the optimal tree set algorithm based on weight is adopted to reduce the impact of data distribution error on feature extraction accuracy and improve the overall stability of decision tree set. Finally, the weighted average of the weight and feature importance measure of a single decision tree is used to obtain the feature importance ranking, which solves the problem of low accuracy and poor stability in the feature selection process of small sample data. Through the UCI data set, the present algorithm is compared with the traditional random forest algorithm and the weight based random forest algorithm. The ote-gwrffs algorithm has higher stability and accuracy for processing high-dimensional and small sample data.
Study on passive location method of shallow water acoustic source with single hydrophone
Authors: SHI Haijie , LI Jinghua , CHANG Hong
Published: February 2023

In order to meet the needs of target detection in shallow water with concealed and low energy consumption platform, the Bayesian estimation theory was applied to underwater acoustic location. The underwater acoustic location model was established based on probability density function as the description of sound source state, so as to overcome the problems of unstable shallow water environment and mismatching of sound field model. Histogram filtering method is used to solve the integral solution in the process of posterior probability estimation of sound source state. The hierarchical grid histogram filtering method is proposed for the first time, which effectively improves the efficiency of histogram filtering iterative algorithm. The measured data and simulation results of SWelleX-96 show that the depth positioning accuracy can reach 35 m and the distance positioning accuracy can reach 0.69 km within the range of 200 m deep and 10 km long in shallow water environment, and the efficiency of the algorithm can be improved by N1/2 times.
Single event upset reinforcement technology of DICE flip-flop based on layout design
Authors: LAI Xiaoling , ZHANG Jian , JU Ting , ZHU Qi , GUO Yangming
Published: February 2023

D flip-flop is the basis of timing logic circuit, and SEMU phenomenon tends to be serious with the integrated circuit process size shrinking to nanometer scale. The anti-SEU ability based on DICE structure for D flip-flop cannot meet the requirements of aerospace engineering. Based on the SEU reinforcement technology of D flip-flop under nano-technology and the SEU mechanism of DICE structure, a layout-level anti-SEU flip-flop design method based on DICE circuit structure is proposed considering the circuit performance, area, power consumption and other resource costs. And then a D flip-flop with SEU resistance is designed by commercial 65 nm process, and the designed flip-flop area is 1.8 times that of commercial structure flip-flop. The function and and radiation simulation results indicate that the establishment time and transmission delay of the flip-flop are equivalent to those of the commercial one, and no SEU occurs under the Ge ion bombardment with the LET threshold of approximately 37 MeV·cm2/mg. The performance of the flip-flop circuit and the ability to resist single particle soft error are excellent. In the anti-radiation ASIC design, the area, wiring resources and timing overhead caused by the reinforcement of the D flip-flop circuit are greatly saved.
A fast PSO algorithm based on Alpha-stable mutation and its application in aerodynamic optimization
Authors: FAN Huayu , LI Dian , HAO Haibing , LIANG Yihua
Published: February 2023

提出了一种基于Alpha stable分布的新型变异方法。针对粒子群算法容易陷入局部最优的缺点, 通过对比分析确定了一种调整Alpha stable分布的稳态系数动态变异策略, 使粒子群算法能够在搜索初始阶段具有更强的种群多样性以及算法探索能力, 减少陷入局部最优的可能; 在算法末期增强粒子群优化算法的局部搜索能力, 提高解的精度。将基于Alpha stable变异的粒子群优化算法(Alpha stable particle swarm optimization, ASPSO)与多种改进型粒子群优化算法以及差分进化算法(differential evolution algorithm, DE)进行了比较, 基准测试函数结果表明新建立的ASPSO算法极大地提高了算法的收敛速度和精度。将其应用到RAE2822翼型的单点跨声速减阻优化中, 在保持种群规模等参数相同的情形下, ASPSO算法的优化效果和效率都远高于传统PSO算法, 最终得到的翼型也比PSO优化的翼型具有更高的升阻比, 翼面波阻有明显降低。
WSN latency optimization based on path calculation method
Authors: ZHU Peng , REN Jijun , REN Zhiyuan
Published: February 2023

随着物联网(IoT)行业的快速发展, 无线传感器网络(WSN)融合云计算技术面临着任务处理时延高、传感器节点能量有限的挑战。因此, 提出了一种基于云雾网络架构的路径计算方法, 利用雾计算层的网络边缘设备计算资源, 将WSN监测任务合理地部署到指定边缘设备上完成处理, 以减少能耗制约下的任务处理时延。为了将任务有效地分配到雾计算层, 采用了一种任务映射规则, 将有向无环图表示的监测任务映射到无向图表示的雾计算层网络; 结合时延和能耗约束建立了一个关于寻求最优映射关系的二值优化问题; 采用模拟退火-离散二值粒子群优化(SA-BPSO)算法实现了对该优化问题的求解。仿真结果显示, 在数据量为10 Mb时, 该方法的时延性能相比较WSN融合云计算技术提高了约40%。
Image fusion method based on JBF and multi-order local region energy
Authors: WANG Feng , CHENG Yongmei
Published: February 2023

针对多模态医学图像融合方法融合质量差、计算效率低等问题。提出了一种基于联合双边滤波(JBF)与多阶局部区域能量(MLNE)的图像融合方法。该方法将输入图像分解成能量层和结构层, 对于能量层与结构层的融合分别提出了基于MLNE和局部区域L2范数取大值的融合方案, 融合能量层和结构层相加获得融合图像。1组不同模态的医学图像融合实验结果证明, 文中提出的方法在融合性能、计算效率、视觉评价等方面都优于其他的对比方法。
Kalkschulter – konservative und operative Therapie
Authors: Nowotny Jörg , Kasten Philip
Published: February 2023

Erkrankungen der Rotatorenmanschette beinhalten ein breites Spektrum, unter denen die Kalkschulter oder Tendinosis calcarea (TC) eine häufige Pathologie der Schulter darstellt und eine herausragende Rolle einnimmt. Das Erscheinungsbild kann dabei enorm variieren. Die Kalkschulter kann als Zufallsbefund bei der radiologischen Diagnostik auffallen, jedoch auch bis hin zu einem der stärksten Schulterschmerzen avancieren. Nachfolgend wird ein Überblick für das diagnostische und therapeutische Vorgehen gegeben.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Locher Hermann , Best Norman
Published: February 2023

das neue Jahr ist schon wieder einige Tage alt. Die Zeit vergeht wie im Flug.
Höchste Zeit auf das nunmehr aktuelle Jahr zu blicken und auf drei
Höhepunkte hinzuweisen.
Evidence-Based Medicine: The Role of Nasal Surgery in Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Newsome Hillary
Published: February 2023

Nasal surgery performed for the management of obstructive sleep apnea includes septoplasty with and without inferior turbinate reduction and functional rhinoplasty. There is controversy over the effectiveness of these techniques in terms of their ability to decrease apnea-hypopnea index. However, it is fairly accepted that nasal surgery can improve sleep-related quality of life measures. This review focuses on the recently published evidence surrounding the role of nasal surgery in obstructive sleep apnea. Findings suggest that functional rhinoplasty may improve apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with mild OSA. The effect of septoplasty on AHI is less consistent. Further studies are needed to better clarify the role for both septoplasty and functional rhinoplasty in the OSA treatment algorithm.
Role of Helicopter Transfer and Cloud-Type Imaging for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Ishikawa Natsuya , Narita Masahiko , Shirasaka Tomonori , Ushioda Ryouhei , Tsutsui Masahiro , Azuma Nobuyoshi , Kamiya Hiroyuki
Published: February 2023

Background This study explored if long-distance transfer was safe for patients suffering from acute aortic dissection type A (AADA) and also analyzed the effectiveness of helicopter transfer and cloud-type imaging transfer systems for such patients in northern Hokkaido, Japan.

Methods and Results The study included 112 consecutive patients who underwent emergency surgical treatment for AADA from April 2014 to September 2020. The patients were divided into two groups according to the location of referral source hospitals: the Asahikawa city group (group A, n = 49) and the out-of-the-city group (group O, n = 63). Use of helicopter transfer (n = 13) and cloud-type telemedicine (n = 20) in group O were reviewed as subanalyses.

Transfer distance differed between groups (4.2 ± 3.5 km in group A vs 107.3 ± 69.2 km in group O; p = 0.0001), but 30-day mortality (10.2% in group A vs 7.9% in group O; p = 0.676) and hospital mortality (12.2% in group A vs 9.5% in group O; p = 0.687) did not differ. Operative outcomes did not differ with or without helicopter and cloud-type telemedicine, but diagnosis-to-operation time was shorter with helicopter (240.0 ± 70.8 vs 320.0 ± 78.5 minutes; p = 0.031) and telemedicine (242.0 ± 75.2 vs 319.0 ± 83.8 minutes; p = 0.007).

Conclusion We found that long-distance transfer did not impair surgical outcomes in AADA patients, and both helicopter transfer and cloud-type telemedicine system could contribute to the reduction of diagnosis-to-operation time in the large Hokkaido area. Further studies are mandatory to investigate if both the systems will improve clinical outcomes.
Effect of Telemedicine and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Trainees' Usage of the Electronic Health Record in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Mani Kyle , Canarick Jay , Ruan Elise , Liu Jianyou , Kitsis Elizabeth , Jariwala Sunit P.
Published: February 2023

Objectives This study aimed to (1) determine the impact of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) and the corresponding increase in use of telemedicine on volume, efficiency, and burden of electronic health record (EHR) usage by residents and fellows; and (2) to compare these metrics with those of attending physicians.

Methods We analyzed 11 metrics from Epic's Signal database of outpatient physician user logs for active residents/fellows at our institution across three 1-month time periods: August 2019 (prepandemic/pre-telehealth), May 2020 (mid-pandemic/post-telehealth implementation), and July 2020 (follow-up period) and compared these metrics between trainees and attending physicians. We also assessed how the metrics varied for medical trainees in primary care as compared with subspecialties.

Results Analysis of 141 residents/fellows and 495 attendings showed that after telehealth implementation, overall patient volume, Time in In Basket per day, Time outside of 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., and Time in notes decreased significantly compared with the pre-telehealth period. Female residents, fellows, and attendings had a lower same day note closure rate before and during the post-telehealth implementation period and spent greater time working outside of 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. compared with male residents, fellows, and attendings (p < 0.01) compared with the pre-telehealth period. Attending physicians had a greater patient volume, spent more time, and were more efficient in the EHR compared with trainees (p < 0.01) in both the post-telehealth and follow-up periods as compared with the pre-telehealth period.

Conclusion The dramatic change in clinical operations during the pandemic serves as an inflection point to study changes in physician practice patterns in the EHR. We observed that (1) female physicians closed fewer notes the same day and spent more time in the EHR outside of normal working hours compared with male physicians, and (2) attending physicians had higher patient volumes and also higher efficiency in the EHR compared with resident physicians.
Mothers' Experiences of Tandem Breastfeeding: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Aker Menekşe N. , Gönenç Ilknur M. , Er Korucu Aslı , Çakırer Çalbayram Nazan
Published: February 2023

Objective Despite many benefits of tandem breastfeeding, mothers stop breastfeeding their older babies early during pregnancy due to inadequate knowledge and support. This study was conducted to determine the tandem breastfeeding experiences of mothers.

Study Design A phenomenological design was used in this study. The data of the study were collected between January and August 2018. In-depth, individual, open-ended interviews were carried out for data collection. A personal information form and a semi-structured in-depth interview form were used to collect data. It was conducted with 13 women who were tandem breastfeeding, 9 of whom had given birth and 4 of whom were pregnant.

Results The data obtained from the interviews with mothers who were tandem breastfeeding were classified into nine themes, namely: metaphors, feelings, benefits, myths, facilitators, pathways to tandem breastfeeding, fears and worries, difficulties, and obstacles. Mothers experienced many benefits of tandem breastfeeding for maternal and infant health. In addition, although there was no evidence in the literature regarding the harms of tandem breastfeeding, they encountered many myths about it. These myths increased their concerns about this type of breastfeeding. Mothers could not get enough information and support from health care professionals, and this was reported as a challenging experience of tandem breastfeeding.

Conclusion Despite many positive experiences, mothers who tandem breastfeed may also face various difficulties. They need a breastfeeding-friendly environment and support from family and health professionals to cope with these challenges.

Key Points
Management of Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Expert Opinion from an Indian Panel via Delphi Consensus Method
Authors: Rajappa Senthil , Raja T. , Desai Chirag , Joshi Amit , Dattatreya Palanki Satya , Agarwal Mohit , Sud Rahul , Ramesh Anita , Vaid A. K. , Talwar Vineet , Rauthan Amit , Kaushal Ashish , Mohapatra Prabrajya , Kapoor Akhil
Published: February 2023

Introduction Currently, there are no guidelines for the management of locally advanced unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) from an Indian perspective. There is a lack of consensus on the utility of treatment options in first-line (1L) and second-line (2L) settings, especially in cisplatin- and platinum-unfit mUC patient subgroups.

Objective This articles aims to develop evidence-based practical consensus recommendations for the management of mUC in Indian settings.

Methods Modified Delphi consensus methodology was considered to arrive at a consensus. An expert scientific committee of 15 medical oncologists from India constituted the panel. Twelve clinically relevant questions were grouped into five categories for presentation and discussion: (1) cisplatin and platinum ineligibility criteria; (2) programmed death ligand 1 and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) testing in mUC patients; (3) treatment options in 1L settings; (4) role of switch maintenance; and (5) treatment options in 2L. Statements that reached high (≥ 80%) and moderate (60–79%) levels of consensus in the first round (electronic survey) did not undergo the second Delphi round. The questions that received a low level of consensus (< 60%) were discussed during the virtual meeting.

Results Renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CrCl] < 60 mL/min) and New York Heart Association class 3 heart failure are important assessment criteria for determining cisplatin ineligibility. Patients are unfit for any platinum-based chemotherapy in case of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status> 3 or severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min). Gemcitabine and platinum with cisplatin over carboplatin were preferred in 1L settings. In patients unfit for cisplatin-based regimens, carboplatin–gemcitabine chemotherapy was preferred over immunotherapy (atezolizumab or pembrolizumab). Selected patients who are platinum ineligible may be considered for immunotherapy. Post-induction chemotherapy, those who do not progress may be strongly considered for avelumab maintenance. Experts recommended erdafitinib in FGFR-positive mUC patients in 2L settings. In FGFR-negative patients, immunotherapy (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or avelumab) may be preferred over chemotherapy (paclitaxel, docetaxel, or vinflunine). Enfortumab vedotin and sacituzumab govitecan may be considered for further lines of therapy.

Conclusion Expert panel consensus will offer expert guidance to oncologists/clinicians on the management of mUC in Indian settings.

Key Points
Decompressive Craniectomy in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yew Wan Xin , Lee Jan Hau , Dang Hongxing , Low Sharon Yin Yee , Sri Dewi Dianna , Chong Shu-Ling
Published: February 2023

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and refractory raised intracranial pressure (ICP) remains controversial. We aimed to describe the clinical and operative characteristics of children with moderate to severe TBI who underwent DC, and compare outcomes with those who had medical therapy. We performed a retrospective observational cohort study on children < 16 years of age with moderate to severe TBI (Glasgow coma scale [GCS] ≤13) who underwent DC in two pediatric centers in Singapore and China between 2014 and 2017, and compared their outcomes with children who underwent medical treatment, among participating centers of the Pediatric Acute and Critical Care Medicine Asian Network. We defined poor functional outcomes as moderate, severe disability, vegetative or comatose state, or mortality, using the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category scale. We performed multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors for poor functional outcomes. We analyzed 18 children who underwent DC with 214 who had medical therapy. A greater proportion of children with DC (14, 77.8%) experienced poor functional outcomes, compared with those with medical therapy (87, 41.2%, p = 0.003). Children who underwent DC had fewer median 14-day intensive care unit (ICU)-free days (2.5 days, interquartile range [IQR]: 0.0–5.8 vs. 8.0 days, IQR: 0.0–11.0, p = 0.033), median 28-day hospital-free days (0 day, IQR: 0.0–3.5 vs. 11.0 days, IQR: 0.0–21.0, p = 0.002) and 14-day mechanical ventilation-free days (6.5 days, IQR: 0.0–12.3 vs. 11.0 days, IQR: 3.0–14.0, p = 0.011). After accounting for age, sex, GCS, cerebral edema, uncal herniation, nonaccidental injury, and need for intubation, there was no significant association between DC and poor functional outcomes (adjusted odds ratio: 1.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.35–7.24, p = 0.548). Children with DC had severe injuries, and prolonged hospital and ICU stays. Future studies are needed to understand the effectiveness of DC on children with TBI.
Building metal-organic framework thin films for advanced optic, electronic applications
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: February 2023

Thin films made from metal-organic frameworks offer unique properties and useful characteristics with low-cost layer-by-layer fabrication.
Introducing a suitable spatial geometry that could lead to stable time-modulated materials
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: February 2023

Composites with suitable space-time microstructures may unlock stable extreme wave phenomena.
Broadband electromagnetic emission via mode conversion mediated by stimulated Raman scattering in inhomogeneous plasma
Authors: Jiang X. Y. , Weng S. M. , Ma H. H. , Li X. F. , Wu C. F. , Liu Z. , Zhao Y. , Chen M. , Sheng Z. M.
Published: February 2023

Electromagnetic emission via linear mode conversion from electron plasma waves (EPWs) excited by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of an incident laser pulse in inhomogeneous plasma is investigated theoretically and numerically. It is found that the mode conversion can occur naturally in underdense plasma region below the quarter critical density provided that EPWs are generated due to the development of backward SRS when the laser pulse is incident at certain angle with the plasma density gradient. The produced radiation may cover a broad frequency range up to half of the incident laser frequency. The dependence of the radiation conversion efficiency on the laser intensity, incident angle, laser pulse duration, plasma density scale length, and initial electron temperature is analyzed based on one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. In two-dimensional geometry, due to the development of sideward SRS, it is found that the mode conversion to occur even at normal incidence of the laser pulse. The radiation frequency, bandwidth, duration, and amplitude can be well controlled by the laser and plasma parameters, suggesting that it may provide a new source of tunable broadband radiation as well as a diagnosis of the development of SRS.
Apparatus for measurement of thermoelectric properties of a single leg under large temperature differences
Authors: Naithani H. , Ziolkowski P. , Dasgupta T.
Published: February 2023

Thermoelectric (TE) devices operate under large temperature differences, but material property measurements are typically accomplished under small temperature differences. Because of the issues associated with forming proper contact between the test sample and the electrodes and the control of heat flux, there are very few reports on large temperature difference measurements. Therefore, practically relevant performance parameters of a device, namely, power output and efficiency, are estimated by temperature averaging of material properties, whose accuracy is rarely validated by experimental investigations. To overcome these issues, we report an apparatus that has been designed and assembled to measure the TE properties—Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and power output and efficiency of a single thermoelectric material sample over large temperature gradients. The sample holder—a unique feature of this design—lowers the contact resistance between the sample and the electrodes, allowing for more accurate estimates of the sample’s properties. Measurements were performed under constant temperature differences ranging from 50 to 300 K with the hot side reaching 673 K on a metallized Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 leg synthesized in the laboratory. To simulate practical operating conditions of a continuously loaded generator, continuous current flow measurements were also performed under large temperature differences. The temperature-averaged TE properties from standard low temperature difference measurements and the experimental TE properties agree with each other, indicating that the designed setup is reliable for measuring various thermoelectric generator properties of single TE legs when subjected to temperature gradients between 50 and 300 K.
Convection and intermittency noise in water temperature near a deep Mediterranean seafloor
Authors: van Haren Hans
Published: February 2023

Turbulent and internal wave motions are important for the exchange of momentum, heat, and suspended matter in the deep sea, which is generally stably stratified in density. Turbulence-generation models involve shear of vertical current differences that deforms stratified waters and convection that is driven by (unstable) buoyancy. In general, shear generation is found more in the interior of the well-stratified ocean, while convection is known to occur near the sea surface, e.g., via nighttime cooling. Far below the surface, the Western Mediterranean Sea is very weakly stratified and offers opportunity to observationally study the deep-sea convection. An opportunistic small set of high-resolution temperature sensors demonstrate not only classic internal-wave-induced turbulence but also convection attributed to geothermal heating and spectral properties that relate to various chaos-theory models, such as 1/σ pink noise (σ denoting frequency), mainly found lying at (0.01 m above) the seafloor, and 1/σ2 Brownian noise, mainly found on a moored line at about 100 m above the seafloor. Near-inertial temperature variations are observed to occur down to the seafloor, thereby disturbing the local convective turbulence regime to shear-dominated one temporarily. The integral turbulence timescale is generally smaller (with dominant higher frequency motions) at the seafloor than about 100 m above it.
Analysis of commonly prescribed analgesics using
Authors: Elbalkiny Heba T. , El-Zeiny Mohamed B. , Saleh Sarah S.
Published: February 2023

Environmental context Pharmaceuticals find their way to wastewater mainly through hospital and industrial effluents, and in turn affect all living organisms. The routine analysis of different water sources is tedious and of high cost. Our work presents a safe, low-cost method for analysing water samples to ensure proper cleanup of water and its suitability for human and animal use. Rationale Analgesics are one of the top classes of commonly prescribed drugs, and used over the counter. Therefore, they are most likely to be detected in wastewater samples coming from hospital and industrial effluents. Methodology This study focused on developing an in-silico UV spectroscopic manipulation of variant signal nature of low cost, using the methods of: advanced amplitude centring (AAC), mean centring of ratio spectra (MCR), successive derivative subtraction (SDS) and continuous wavelet transformation (CWT), for the determination of a ternary mixture of three analgesics: paracetamol (PCM), diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBU) in water samples after sample cleanup using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME). Results The proposed methods were compared to those reported in terms of greenness, simplicity and effectiveness using the greenness assessment tools (Eco-scale & AGREE) and white analytical chemistry (WAC) tool. The AAC method showed the highest scores: an Eco-scale of 71, AGREE of 0.55 and RGB of 84.4 when compared to the reported methods. Discussion The AAC method was applied effectively for the study of surface water samples and industrial effluents with high accuracy and precision. Thus, real water samples could be routinely analysed with minimal cost to ensure proper cleanup of water and its suitability for human and animal use.
ACCESS-CM2-Chem: evaluation of southern hemisphere ozone and its effect on the Southern Annular Mode
Authors: Dennison Fraser , Woodhouse Matthew T.
Published: February 2023

Chemistry–climate models are important tools for forecasting the evolution of climate. Of particular importance is the simulation of Antarctic ozone depletion due to its effect on the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). In this paper we evaluate the chemistry–climate model ACCESS-CM2-Chem. We find the simulation of stratospheric ozone by ACCESS-CM2-Chem to be significantly improved relative to its predecessor, and as good as the best of the contemporary chemistry–climate models – the ensemble of which displays considerable variation. We also find that the trend in summertime SAM is simulated well by ACCESS-CM2-Chem compared to the ERA5 reanalysis. Further, we show that this trend is more sensitive to changes in ozone depletion forcing in ACCESS-CM2-Chem than the equivalent model with prescribed ozone. However, a downside of the interactive chemistry of ACCESS-CM2-Chem, relative to the prescribed chemistry version, is an increase in the bias towards later vortex break-ups. Many recent studies have identified the important role of feedbacks between interactive ozone chemistry and climate. This phenomenon will be crucial to understand future projections where the recovery of stratospheric ozone will interact with increasing greenhouse gas driven warming. Based on the performance demonstrated here, ACCESS-CM2-Chem is a promising model with which to further this line of research, although the delay in the vortex break-up induced by the interactive chemistry is an issue that requires further work.
Angiopoietin-like protein 4/8 complex-mediated plasmin generation leads to cleavage of the complex and restoration of LPL activity
Authors: Zhen Eugene Y. , Chen Yan Q. , Russell Anna M. , Ehsani Mariam , Siegel Robert W. , Qian Yuewei , Konrad Robert J.
Published: February 2023

Triglyceride (TG) metabolism is highly regulated by angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) family members [Y. Q. Chen
et al.
, 
J. Lipid Res.
61
, 1203–1220 (2020)]. During feeding, ANGPTL8 forms complexes with the fibrinogen-like domain-containing protein ANGPTL4 in adipose tissue to decrease ANGPTL3/8- and ANGPTL4-mediated lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-inhibitory activity and promote TG hydrolysis and fatty acid (FA) uptake. The ANGPTL4/8 complex, however, tightly binds LPL and partially inhibits it in vitro. To try to reconcile the in vivo and in vitro data on ANGPTL4/8, we aimed to find novel binding partners of ANGPTL4/8. To that end, we performed pulldown experiments and found that ANGPTL4/8 bound both tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen, the precursor of the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin. Remarkably, ANGPTL4/8 enhanced tPA activation of plasminogen to generate plasmin in a manner like that observed with fibrin, while minimal plasmin generation was observed with ANGPTL4 alone. The addition of tPA and plasminogen to LPL-bound ANGPTL4/8 caused rapid, complete ANGPTL4/8 cleavage and increased LPL activity. Restoration of LPL activity in the presence of ANGPTL4/8 was also achieved with plasmin but was blocked when catalytically inactive plasminogen (S760A) was added to tPA or when plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was added to tPA + plasminogen, indicating that conversion of plasminogen to plasmin was essential. Together, these results suggest that LPL-bound ANGPTL4/8 mimics fibrin to recruit tPA and plasminogen to generate plasmin, which then cleaves ANGPTL4/8, enabling LPL activity to be increased. Our observations thus reveal a unique link between the ANGPTL4/8 complex and plasmin generation.
Assessment of large critical electric field in ultra-wide bandgap p-type spinel ZnGa2O4
Authors: Chi Zeyu , Tchelidze Tamar , Sartel Corinne , Gamsakhurdashvili Tsotne , Madaci Ismail , Yamano Hayate , Sallet Vincent , Dumont Yves , Pérez-Tomás Amador , Medjdoub Farid , Chikoidze Ekaterine
Published: February 2023

The spinel zinc gallate ZnGa2O4 stands out among the emerging ultra-wide bandgap (∼5 eV) semiconductors as the ternary complex oxide with the widest gap where bipolar conductivity has been demonstrated. For power and energy electronics, a fundamental property of the material is its critical electric field (

E

CR

) although, for ZnGa2O4, is yet unknown. In this work, highly resistive p-type ZnGa2O4 thin films on sapphire and Si substrates were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition to determine both, the remote acceptor concentration and vertical breakdown voltage. Hall Effect measurements confirmed a low carrier concentration at room temperature of ∼1011 cm−3. From vertical metal-semiconductor-metal structures the average E
CR has been estimated to be of at least 5.3 MV cm−1, which already is significantly larger than the one of SiC and GaN.
Electronic structure and layer-dependent magnetic order of a new high-mobility layered antiferromagnet KMnBi
Authors: Yang Yichen , Lu Hengzhe , Yuan Jian , Liu Zhengtai , Jiang Zhicheng , Huang Zhe , Ding Jianyang , Liu Jiayu , Cho Soohyun , Liu Jishan , Liu Zhonghao , Guo Yanfeng , Zheng Yi , Shen Dawei
Published: February 2023

Room-temperature two-dimensional antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials are highly desirable for various device applications. In this letter, we report the low-energy electronic structure of KMnBi measured by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, which confirms an AFM ground state with the valence band maximum located at −100 meV below the Fermi level and small hole effective masses associated with the sharp band dispersion. Using complementary Raman, atomic force microscope and electric transport measurement, we systematically study the evolution of electric transport characteristics of micro-mechanically exfoliated KMnBi with varied flake thicknesses, which all consistently reveal the existence of a probable AFM ground state down to the quintuple-layer regime. The AFM phase transition temperature ranges from 220 K to 275 K, depending on the thickness. Our results suggest that with proper device encapsulation, multilayer KMnBi is indeed a promising 2D AFM platform for testing various theoretical proposals for device applications.
Effect of polydispersity in concentrated magnetorheological fluids
Authors: Manuel Júlio Gabriel de Falco , Bombard Antonio José Faria , Weeks Eric R
Published: February 2023

Magnetorheological fluids (MRF) are smart materials of increasing interest due to their great versatility in mechanical and mechatronic systems. As main rheological features, MRFs must present low viscosity in the absence of magnetic field (0.1–1.0 Pa.s) and high yield stress (50–100 kPa) when magnetized, in order to optimize the magnetorheological effect. Such properties, in turn, are directly influenced by the composition, volume fraction, size, and size distribution (polydispersity) of the particles, the latter being an important piece in the improvement of these main properties. In this context, the present work aims to analyze, through experiments and simulations, the influence of polydispersity on the maximum packing fraction, on the yield stress under field (on-state) and on the plastic viscosity in the absence of field (off-state) of concentrated MRF (φ = 48.5 vol.%). Three blends of carbonyl iron powder (CIP) in polyalphaolefin oil were prepared. These blends have the same mode, but different polydispersity indexes (α), ranging from 0.46 to 1.44. Separate simulations show that the random close packing fraction increases from about 68% to 80% as the polydispersity indexes increase over this range. The on-state yield stress, in turn, is raised from 30 ± 0.5 kPa to 42 ± 2 kPa (B ≈ 0.57 T) and the off-state plastic viscosity, is reduced from 4.8 Pa.s to 0.5 Pa.s. Widening the size distributions, as is well known in the literature, increases packing efficiency and reduces the viscosity of concentrated dispersions, but beyond that, it proved to be a viable way to increase the magnetorheological effect of concentrated MRF. The Brouwers model, which considers the void fraction in suspensions of particles with lognormal distribution, was proposed as a possible hypothesis to explain the increase in yield stress under magnetic field.
Nonlinear-optical microscopy of asymmetric-shaped nanoantennas
Authors: Mamonov Evgeniy A , Kolmychek Irina A , Maydykovskiy Anton I , Gusev Nikita S , Skorokhodov Evgeny V , Gusev Sergey A , Temiryazeva Marina P , Murzina Tatiana V
Published: February 2023

Arrays of metal nanostructures have attracted much interest due to their unique potential as optical nanoantennas and nanosensors. Here we use the second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy technique for the studies of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of cobalt nanoparticles of triangular and trapezoid shapes separated from a Py/Si3N4 film by a 1.5 nm thick MgO spacer. We demonstrate that the nonsymmetric elongated shape of planar nanoparticles along with the strong light localization effects result in the enhancement of the NLO response, including SHG and two-photon fluorescence. We also demonstrate that the efficiency of the SHG in nanoparticles is rather sensitive to the polarization of the incident laser beam, the visibility of the nanostructures in the nonlinear microscopy images being the highest for the linear polarization of the laser beam.
Investigation of optical constants of Al2O3 films in the spectral range 0.2 - 0.8 microns
Authors: Kotlikov E N , Lavrovskaya N P , Miloushev I K , Tenev T K
Published: February 2023

We determine optical constants of Al2O3 films deposited by electron beam evaporation on a quartz substrate in the spectrum range 0.2-0.8 microns. Refractive index and extinction coefficient are determined by a spectrophotometric method using the reflection and transmission spectra. An original method of correction of the spectra of the films is used taking into account the absorption. The refractive index is determined from absorption-free spectra, and the extinction coefficient is determined from absorption spectra in the specified spectral region.
On the classical critical behavior of the specific heat capacity of a model of structural phase transitions with a long-range interaction
Authors: Pisanova E S
Published: February 2023

The critical specific heat capacity c of a d-dimensional model describing structural phase transitions in an anharmonic crystal with a long-range interaction (decreasing at large distances r as r
−d−σ
, 0 < σ ≤ 2) is studied near the classical critical point Tc
. At temperatures T > Tc
and for dimensions σ < d < 2σ (σ and 2σ are the lower and the upper critical dimensions, respectively) the critical specific heat capacity is obtained in the form c ≈ 1 − Dεαs

, where D > 0 and αs
< 0 depend only on the ratio d/σ, and ε = T/Tc
−1 is a measure of the deviation from the critical point. For three fixed values of the ratio d/σ the dependence c ≈ c(ε) is graphically presented. It is shown that at all temperatures T ≤ Tc
the specific heat capacity retains its maximum value, c
max = 1. The critical exponent αs
, obtained here, coincides with that of the known mean spherical model, while c
max is different for the two models.
Graphene Oxide Induced Sub-structures of Bi-tilted Smectic CG in Dimer Liquid Crystals
Authors: Katranchev B , Petrov M , Naradikian H , Rafailov P M , Todorov N D
Published: February 2023

A nanocomposite built of the hydrogen-bonded (HB) dimer liquid crystal 4-heptyloxybenzoic acid (7OBA) and Graphene oxide (GO) exhibiting a cascade of phase transitions and phases not typical for pristine 7OBA, was investigated by optical polarization microtexture analysis and Raman spectroscopy. We use the 7OBA/GO nanocomposite beacause of the effective functionalizing properties of GO to study the generation and development of the ferroelectric smectic CG phase in its bi-tilted configuration. For the appearance of the CG phase with its substructures we propose an explanation based on the HB formation between 7OBA dimers in closed and open conformations and the GO sheets, aided by the π–π interaction with graphene hexagons which are free from functional groups. We propose molecular and macroscopic models for the substructures CGcl and CGln and indicate their triclinic C1 symmetry, characterized by a polar vector directed oblique to the layers. This confirms that the bi-tilted CG and its substructures are ferroelectric in the bulk similarly to solid ferroelectrics, thus showing potential as material for controllable photonic functional devices.
Thickness dependence of optical properties of thin multilayer Ag/Bi structures and their surface plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence capability
Authors: Katrova V , Atanasova A , Todorov R , Hristova-Vasileva T , Strijkova V
Published: February 2023

Preparation technology, optical properties and surface-enhanced photoluminescence features of thin Ag/Bi layers with different ratios of the chemical elements are subject of present work. Coatings with different number of Ag/Bi stacks were tested in order to determine the minimum number of sublayers required to achieve epsilon-near-zero properties (ENZ). The results for the complex permittivity showed that the Ag/Bi films possess epsilon-near-zero properties in a wide spectral range of 1.3-6 eV. It was established that the most promising material for photoluminescence signal amplification is the four stacked Ag50:Bi50 thin layer.
Surface Modification of Polyethersulfon Nanofiltration Membrane for Improving Water-Ethanol Separation
Authors: Christova Darinka , Staneva Maya , Ivanova Sijka , Alexandrova Mariela , Ublekov Philip , Dencheva-Zarkova Maria , Genova Julia , Tsibranska Irene , Tylkowski Bartosz
Published: February 2023

This paper reports on the surface modification of a nanofiltration polyethersulfon membrane, Microdyn Nadir NP030P, aiming at improved water-ethanol separation. To achieve this, three types of poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers of varied hydrophilic-lipophilic balance were synthesized and tested as modifiers: double hydrophilic graft copolymer with poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide) side chains, amphiphilic copolymer of partially acetalized PVA, as well as amphiphilic copolymer with grafted hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) chains. Copolymers’ chemical structure, composition and properties were evaluated by conventional analytical techniques. Thin film deposition via spin-coating of copolymer solution was applied as a method for membrane modification. Alteration of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance at the membrane surface was studied by contact angle measurements whereas the surface microstructure was characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as well as optical and scanning electron microscopy. The feasibility of tailoring membrane surface to specific requirements by using PVA-based copolymer was assessed and the influence of copolymer structure and composition on the membrane properties was considered.
Optical properties of multi-layers structured PEO/PVP solid polymer membranes doped with sodium perchlorate
Authors: Krishna Koduru Hari , Scaramuzza Nicola , Marinov Yordan
Published: February 2023

In this present research work, fabrication of multi-layers structured (MLS) polymer membranes has been proposed to understand the variation of the optical bandgap and determine the types of electronic transitions as a function of sodium salt doping concentration. Solid MLS polymer membranes based on PEO/PVP have been prepared by the well-known solution cast technique. The recorded absorption, transmittance and reflectance spectra revealed that, incident energy absorption increased upon increase of salt dopant concentration and a shift of absorption edge towards lower energy region suggests the good complexation between the host polymers and dissociated salt (Na+, ClO4-) ions, which in turn the energy bandgap decrement expected. A detailed investigation has been carried out on the variation of refractive index of all the MLS polymer membranes as a function of salt doping concentration. The miscibility between the sodium salt and the individual polymers present in MLS polymer membranes can be understood from the linear relationship between the refractive index and the volume fraction of the added salt. The increase of extinction coefficient at high wavelengths was observed. The optical band gap measured from the plots of (αhυ)x versus photon energy (hυ) was compared to that determined from the optical dielectric loss.
Doping of dilute nitride compounds grown by liquid phase epitaxy
Authors: Milanova M , Georgiev S , Donchev V
Published: February 2023

The doping of dilute nitrides is an important point of the growth and processing technology for different optoelectronic devices based on these compounds. In this paper, both intentional and nonintentional doping of InGaAsN and GaAsSbN have been investigated by temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements. Dilute nitrides layers have been grown by low-temperature (Tcryst < 600 °C) liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE). The chemical elements Sn and Mg have been chosen as n-type and p-type dopants, respectively. All nominally undoped InGaAsN layers are n-type with free carrier concentration about one order of magnitude higher than layers not containing nitrogen and grown by LPE. This makes it difficult to obtain epitaxial layers with p-type conductivity with these compounds. However, high-quality n-type, p-type and nearly compensated GaAsSbN layers have been successfully grown covering a large range of carrier concentrations from 1015 to 6×1018 cm−3. The quality of the GaAsSbN layers has been evidenced by a good photoresponse with a low energy threshold extended down to 1.2 eV as obtained by surface photovoltage spectroscopy.
EUV spectral shape variation of tungsten unresolved transition arrays in electron temperature range of 2–4 keV observed in the Large Helical Device
Authors: Oishi T , Morita S , Murakami I , Kato D , Sakaue H A , Kawamoto Y , Kawate T , Goto M
Published: February 2023

Spectroscopic studies of emissions released from tungsten ions combined with a pellet injection technique have been conducted in the Large Helical Device. The tungsten Unresolved Transition Array (UTA) spectrum was observed in the wavelength ranges of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) 6–60 Å and 130–340 Å, and the electron temperature dependence of the UTA spectral shape was investigated in the electron temperature region < 4.3 keV. The UTAs of W24+–W33+ at 20–33 Å, W37+–W42+ at 45–47 Å, W27+–W29+ at 48–55 Å, and W7+– W27+ at 170–210 Å were observed. Unidentified UTAs were also found at 230–270 Å and 280–320 Å. As the electron temperature increased further above 4 keV, the W37+–W42+ UTA at 45–47 Å was maintained, while the other UTAs became less intense.
Asymptotically spin-forbidden optical transitions in quasimolecules
Authors: Devdariani A
Published: February 2023

The results obtained recently on optical transitions that are induced in excited diatomic quasimolecules temporarily existing under thermal collisions of atoms of the Groups IIA and XII in the metastable atomic state
3P2
and rare gas atoms in the normal state 1S are summarized.