bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Species Richness and Diversity in Bee Assemblages in a Fragment of Savanna (Cerrado) at Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Aguiar Cândida Maria Lima , Santana Edson Braz , Martins Celso Feitosa , Vivallo Felipe , Santos Cláudia Oliveira , Santos Gilberto Marcos de Mendonça
Published: October 2018

The conservation of the fauna of bees inhabiting the Brazilian savanna is threatened due to changes in land use in the last decades. We investigated the composition, species richness and abundance of a bee assemblage in the vicinity of the Chapada Diamantina National Park. In addition, we compiled data on composition and diversity from another bee assemblage located in the same portion of the Cerrado, which was previously investigated by one of us almost 30 years ago, in order to produce a more complete panorama on beta diversity of bees in this region. We used a non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination analysis (NMDS) to compare composition of bee assemblages from diff erent types of open vegetation. We recorded 77 bee species (H’ = 2.95; J = 0.68), 42% of them were singletons. We collected slightly more than half of the species and 60% of the genera recorded in the bee assemblage studied three decades ago. H’ was signifi cantly lower in our area than in the previous study (t = 8.588, p <0.001), but equitability (J) was very similar. Several factors may contribute to these diff erences, including local diff erences in bee assemblage composition, diff erences in the probability of capturing the diff erent species (many rare species), factors affecting the sampling itself, and perhaps species loss over the three decades separating the two studies. The magnitude of species loss is difficult to assess because the two studies were not carried out exactly in the same area and there were differences in sampling time and sampling effort.
Does Seasonality Affect the Nest Productivity, Body Size, and Food Niche of Tetrapedia curvitarsis Friese (Apidae, Tetrapediini)?
Authors: Campos Eliza Siqueira , Araujo Thayane Nogueira , Rabelo Laíce Souza , Bastos Esther Margarida Alves , Augusto Solange Cristina
Published: October 2018

Tetrapedia curvitarsis Friese is a widely distributed species, frequently attracted by trap-nests. Previous studies have revealed a higher frequency of nesting in the wet season and dimorphism between the sexes, with females exhibiting larger body size than males. We evaluated the effects of seasonality on the production of nests, food niche, and body size of T. curvitarsis. The study was conducted from April 2009 to March 2010 and from April 2012 to March 2013 at the Água Limpa Experimental Station, located in the Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais State. The number of cells was positively correlated with length and diameter of trap-nests. However, the number of nests and the number of cells produced did not differed between the seasons. The females demonstrated a larger head width than males and both presented greater body size in the wet season. However, there was no interaction between sex and season. A higher food niche breadth was observed in the wet season and low similarity in the use of pollen sources between seasons (PS=39.05%). Thus, it is concluded that the season has no effect on the production of nests or cells, but rather on the body size of males and females and food niche breadth. The production of smaller individuals in the dry season could be related not only to the quantity but also the quality of food offered to immature bees.
Searching for Molecular Markers to Differentiate Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus) Subspecies in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Cejas Diego , Ornosa Concepción , Muñoz Irene , De la Rua Pilar
Published: October 2018

Bumblebees (genus Bombus Latreille) are pollinator insects of great ecological and economic importance, which commercial use for pollination has increased since the 80s. However, the introduction of foreign Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus) has resulted in a decline of native bumblebee populations in Japan, Chile or Argentina among others. To study the potential introgression of commercial B. terrestris into the Iberian endemic subspecies Bombus terrestris lusitanicus Krüger, it is necessary to find a precise molecular marker that differentiates both subspecies. For this purpose, comparative analyses were carried out between B. t. lusitanicus and B. t. terrestris (Linnaeus) from Spain and from Belgium by sequencing the nuclear genes elongation factor 1-α and arginine kinase and the mitochondrial gene 16S ribosomal RNA, and genotyping with eleven microsatellite loci. No differentiation was observed at the nuclear level, but haplotypes found within the 16S sequence correlated with the morphological characterization of the subspecies. In a case study including individuals sampled before the establishment of bumblebee rearing companies and others from recent samplings, we detected hybrid individuals (those with non-matching morphological subspecies and 16S haplotype) more frequently in the south supporting the naturalization of commercial B. t. terrestris and introgression events between both subspecies. This marker should be used in Iberian populations with the aim to support management and conservation actions in endemic populations of B. t. lusitanicus.
Foraging ants on the extrafloral nectaries repel nectar thieves but not the effective pollinator of Vigna luteola (Fabaceae) in a Mexican coastal sand dune
Authors: Aguirre Armando , Dáttilo Wesley , Rodríguez-Morales Dulce , Canchola-Orozco Sara , Cocoletzi-Vasquez Eliezer , Coates Rosamond , Angeles-Alvarez Guillermo
Published: October 2018

While some studies have shown that ants that visit extrafloral nectaries may defend their host plants against potential herbivores, recent researches have shown that such ant-plant mutualism may be broken in some cases. For example, the presence of ants on plants could also drive away pollinators and seed dispersers. However, it is not yet known what mechanisms could favor that ant presence on plants does not affect other mutualistic interactions involving plants. In this work, we performed a series of field experiments to test the hypothesis that the presence of ants on EFNs located at the base of the inflorescences of Vigna luteola (Fabaceae) may have a negative effect on floral visitors but not on potential pollinators in a Mexican coastal sand dune. In general, we found that the presence of ants on the plants decreased the rate of flower visitation. However, we observed that the time of visitation of the effective pollinators the bee (Pseudocentron) sp. on the flowers was less compared to that of other floral visitors. This strategy may allow that ants cannot aggressively scare away the effective pollinators. In summary, we show that the effective pollinators of V. luteola present strategies that allow them to visit the flowers without being aggressively attacked by the ants that visit the extrafloral nectaries (EFNs). Therefore, the presence of ants on plants could have a dual function: protecting plants against potential herbivores as well as, filtering flowers against nectar thieves.
Proteolytic Digestion of Serum Cardiac Troponin I as Marker of Ischemic Severity
Authors: Zahran Somaya , Figueiredo Vivian P , Graham Michelle M , Schulz Richard , Hwang Peter M
Published: October 2018

Background

The serum troponin assay is the biochemical gold standard for detecting myocardial infarction (MI). A major diagnostic issue is that some believe troponin levels can rise with reversible injury, in the absence of radiologically detectable infarct.

Hypothesis

Because cell death activates intracellular proteases, troponin released by irreversible infarct will be more proteolyzed than that released by milder processes. Our goal was to quantify proteolytic digestion of cardiac troponin I in patients with varying degrees of myocardial injury.

Methods

Serum or plasma samples from 29 patients with cardiac troponin I elevations were analyzed for proteolytic degradation, using 3 different sandwich ELISAs designed to specifically detect the N-terminal, core, or C-terminal regions of cardiac troponin I.

Results

As predicted, the degree of proteolytic digestion increased with increasing severity of injury, as estimated by the total troponin level, and this trend was more pronounced for C-terminal (vs N-terminal) degradation. The highest degree of proteolytic digestion was observed in patients with ST-elevation MI; the least, in type 2 MI (supply–demand ischemia rather than acute thrombus formation).

Conclusions

The proteolytic degradation pattern of cardiac troponin I may be a better indicator of clinically significant MI than total serum troponin level. Distinguishing between intact and degraded forms of troponin may be useful for (a) identifying those patients with clinically significant infarct in need of revascularization, (b) monitoring intracellular proteolysis as a possible target for therapeutic intervention, and (c) providing an impetus for standardizing the epitopes used in the troponin I assay.
Selecting a Structural Analog as an Internal Standard for the Quantification of 6-Methylmercaptopurine by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Smith Kathryn A , Merrigan Stephen D , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L
Published: October 2018

Background

When choosing an analog internal standard (IS) in a quantitative LC-MS/MS assay, careful selection and thorough verification are important for developing an accurate quantitative assay. The IS is a critical component in quantitative mass spectrometry because it is used to normalize results by compensating for variations in sample preparation and instrument performance. Here we present the results of our investigation in the selection process for a structural analog IS (SA-IS) to be used in the quantification of 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) in cytolysed red blood cell (RBC).

Methods

A cocktail solution of 9 SA-ISs including the isotopically labeled structural isomer and the 6-MMP stable isotope-labeled IS (SIL-IS) was spiked into cytolysed RBC controls and patient samples. Linearity, accuracy, sensitivity, precision, run stability, method comparison, and reinjection reproducibility experiments were performed. Ion suppression was also assessed by T-infusing the cocktail solution.

Results

All analogs were linear from 100 to 1200 ng/mL 6-MMP with acceptable precision and sensitivity by use of a spiked blank lysate. Method comparison plots of 6-MMP concentrations in patient samples had excellent agreement for 2 of the SA-ISs (i.e., the isotopically labeled structural isomer and an SA-IS with an added methyl group) when compared to the SIL-IS. Halogen-substituted analogs (i.e., Cl and Br) also met the criteria as an acceptable IS. However, 2 of the selected SA-ISs having substituted amine moieties showed unacceptable performance, with ≥15% bias when compared to the SIL-IS.

Conclusion

There are many parameters to consider when determining if an analog will be a good IS choice, and the approaches highlighted in this article can be applied to the selection of SA-IS in the development of other LC-MS/MS assays.
Motivations for and against second-hand clothing acquisition
Authors: Laitala Kirsi , Klepp Ingun Grimstad
Published: October 2018

One of the possibilities consumers have for more sustainable clothing acquisition is to select pre-owned products. This article explores consumers’ motivations for clothing reuse: why they choose or do not choose to acquire second-hand clothing. First, a taxonomy of motivation categories based on previous studies is presented. This demonstrates that similar properties can be used as arguments both for and against acquisition of second-hand clothing. An analysis of a representative sample of Norwegian consumers shows that both environmental and economic reasons are important for those who take part in informal clothing circulation. Uniqueness and style are more important for those who buy second-hand clothing. Those who do not take part in any of the forms of acquisition of used clothing, use vague and open justifications, as well as contextual aspects; hygiene, health and intimacy. Previous studies have mostly been based on how clothing is reused as part of a market exchange, and therefore the motives have been embedded with a rational choice understanding of consumption. Studies of the private exchange of clothing should also address additional reasons such as routinized practices and established rituals, family ties, feelings, friendship and love. The article concludes with an invitation for further research to explore several possible motivations that are more relevant for private circulation of clothes.
Exhibition Review
Authors: Couturier Myriam
Published: October 2018

Christian Dior, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, 15 November 2017–18 March 2018
Dampak Penggunaan Gawai Terhadap Perkembangan Anak
Authors: Fajariyah Siti Nurul , Suryawan Ahmad , Atika Atika
Published: October 2018

Latar belakang. Gawai adalah salah satu perkembangan teknologi yang digunakan secara merata pada semua kalangan usia, termasuk anak-anak berusia di bawah 5 tahun. Penggunaan gawai pada anak balita menyebabkan anak kurang tertarik untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungannya atau bermain dengan teman sebaya sehingga mengganggu proses perkembangan secara alami. Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara intensitas penggunaan gawai dengan perkembangan anak usia 24-60 bulan.Metode. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan crosssectional dilakukan pada anak usia 24-60 bulan di Kelurahan Simomulyo Surabaya. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan consecutive sampling. Intensitas penggunaan gawai diukur menggunakan kuesioner penilitian sedangkan perkembangan anak diukur dengan melakukan pemeriksaan perkembangan menggunakan formulir KPSP. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman.Hasil. Terdapat 66 anak yang ikut serta dalam penelitian. Anak-anak dengan intensitas penggunaan gawai rendah menunjukkan hasil pemeriksaan perkembangan sesuai, sedangkan intensitas penggunaan gawai tinggi menunjukkan hasil pemeriksaan meragukan. Terdapat hubungan antara intensitas penggunaan gawai dengan perkembangan anak usia 24-60 bulan (p=0,000), dengan kekuatan sedang dan arah hubungan positif (koefisien korelasi = 0,521)Kesimpulan. Intensitas penggunaan gawai yang tinggi dapat mempengaruhi proses perkembangan anak usia 24-60 bulan, dibutuhkan peran aktif orang tua dan tenaga kesehatan dalam memantau dan mendukung perkembangan anak.
Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif, Status Gizi, dan Kejadian Diare dengan Perkembangan Motorik pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan
Authors: Dahliansyah Dahliansyah , Hanim Diffah , Salimo Harsono
Published: October 2018

Latar belakang. Pemberian ASI tidak eksklusif dapat menyebabkan risiko kesehatan pada bayi, yaitu penyimpangan perkembangan motorik, serta kejadian diare. Gerakan 1000 HPK, ditujukan untuk mencegah malnutrisi dari awal kehamilan sampai anak usia 2 tahun. Tujuan. Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan pemberian ASI ekslusif, status gizi, dan kejadian diare dengan perkembangan motorik pada 1000 HPK.Metode. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu yang memiliki anak baduta (>6-24) bulan. Variabel dependen adalah perkembangan motorik, sedangkan independen adalah ASI eksklusif, status gizi, dan kejadian diare. Metode penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Jumlah subjek 138 baduta, usia >6-24 bulan dipilih secara porposive sampling. Data ASI eksklusif didapat dari buku KIA/KMS, status gizi dengan pengukuran antropometri, kejadian diare didapat berdasarkan wawancara langsung, dan data perkembangan motorik dengan kuesioner KPSP, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi square dan Regresi Logistik.Hasil. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pemberian ASI eksklusif selama periode 1000 HPK dengan perkembangan motorik baduta (>6-24) bulan (OR=0,45;IK95%=0,21-0,99;p=0.046). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi selama periode 1000 HPK dengan perkembangan motorik baduta (>6-24) bulan. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kejadian diare selama periode 1000 HPK dengan perkembangan motorik baduta(>6-24) bulan. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa baduta (>6-24) bulan yang tidak diberi ASI eksklusif selama periode 1000 HPK, berisiko 0,45 kali mengalami gangguan perkembangan motorik.Kesimpulan. Pemberian ASI eksklusif kepada baduta (>6-24) bulan selama periode 1000 HPK, memengaruhi perkembangan motorik.
Cycle duration and quality of gladiolus floral stems in three locations of Southern Brazil
Authors: Tomiozzo Regina , De Paula Gizelli Moiano , Streck Nereu Augusto , Uhlmann Lilian Osmari , Becker Camila Coelho , Schwab Natalia Teixeira , Muttoni Martina , Alberto Cleber Maus
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the cycle duration in days and the quantitative parameters, i.e. stem length, spike length and stem diameter of gladiolus floral stems as a function of the planting date and locations in the Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. Field experiments were established between 2014-2015 in three locations (Frederico Westphalen, Itaqui and Santa Maria). The experimental design was a complete randomized block, with six gladiolus cultivars in three distinct planting dates at each location as treatments. The shift from vegetative to reproductive stage, the stem length, spike length and stem diameter were evaluated. Data was statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. When planted during late July and early August, cultivars of early cycle(‘Purple Flora’, ‘Rose Friendship’ and ‘White Friendship’) and intermediate cycle (‘Green Star’ and ‘Jester’), produced floral stems of gladiolus in the desired patterns besides as well as having a shorter growth cycle than late cultivars (‘Gold Field’), being recommended for commercial cultivation in Southern Brazil.
Granulomatous Gastritis: A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 39 Biopsy Cases
Authors: Raja Jouini , Sabbah Meriam , Meriam Naija , Khanchel Fatma , Koubaa Wafa , Bibani Norsaf , Trad Dorra , Ouakaa Asma , Ben Brahim Ehsen
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Granulomas in gastric biopsy specimens are extremely rare. The final diagnosis of granulomatous gastritis is based on morphological findings, clinical and laboratory data. The aim of our study is to evaluate the clinical fields and to determine the etiology of gastric granulomatosis in our experience Patients and Methods: Thirty nine patients were reviewed retrospectively in the department of pathology of Habib Thameur between 2000 and 2018. Slides from all cases were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. The clinic-pathologic findings and the associated lesions were analyzed and the final etiology of the gastric granulomatosis was noted. Results: Biopsies from the 39 patients diagnosed as having granulomatous gastritis were reviewed. Mean age was 49 years (24 – 96) and sex ratio was 0,25 (M/F=8/31). Indication of endoscopy was gastric pain in 12 cases, chronic diarrhea in 6 cases, anemia in 2 cases, vomiting in 4 cases. Other symptoms were rare. Upper endoscopy was normal in 8 cases, showed antral gastropathy in 20 cases (erythematous in 6 cases, nodular in 8 cases and ulcerated in 6 cases). In four cases, fundic lesions were observed. Granuloma was unique in 14 cases and multiple in 25 cases. Localisation of granuloma was the antrum in 25 cases, the fundus in 7 cases, and both of them in 7 cases. An associated chronic gastritis was noted in 25 cases. Concerning the etiology, 10 of our patients had Crohn's disease while 6 of them had gastric tuberculosis. In five cases, H Pylori was the retained cause of gastric granulomatosis. In the other patients, the final diagnosis was sarcoidosis (n=3), foreign body reaction (n=1), yersiniosis (n=1). In our series, thirteen cases were unclassifiable. Conclusion: Although many cases remain unclassified, in most cases of granulomatous gastritis, a diagnosis of Crohn's disease or tuberculosis could be established. If this cases are excluded, an association between H. pylori and granulomatous gastritis cannot be ruled out. The others causes are extremely rare.
Parâmetros de transferência de massa da extração do óleo de sementes de mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) e de graviola (Annona muricata L.) utilizando dióxido de carbono supercrítico
Authors: Santos Edilson Jesus , Gomes Jonas Jesus , Santos Diego , Cardozo Filho Lucio
Published: October 2018

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os parâmetros de transferência de massa do processo de extração de óleo de sementes de graviola (Annona muricata L.) e de mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) com CO2 supercrítico e avaliar o ajuste dos dados utilizando o modelo de Sovová. A condição de extração foi de 200 bar, 40ºC, tempo de extração de 145 min e vazão de solvente de 2,0 mL/min. Os resultados mostraram que a extração não atingiu a etapa difusional. O coeficiente de transferência de massa foi de 0,0646 e 0,1381 min-1 para a mangaba e graviola, respectivamente. Os rendimentos obtidos foram aproximadamente 4,3% para a semente de mangaba e 7,0% para a semente de graviola.
Avaliação do Modelo de Monod para fermentação em caldo residual da casca de jabuticaba
Authors: Nascimento Amanda Isabelly Leite Figueiredo , Oliveira Júnior Antonio Martins , Abud Ana Karla Souza
Published: October 2018

A jabuticaba Myrciaria cauliflora, fruta nativa brasileira, além de consumida em sua forma in natura, é utilizada para a produção de vários produtos, como geleias, sucos, bebidas alcoólicas fermentadas, entre outros. Há, no seu processamento, a geração significativa de resíduos, que muitas vezes são destinados para alimentação animal, adubo orgânico ou eliminados no meio ambiente sem tratamento. A busca de alternativas para aproveitamento dos resíduos produzidos, a fim de diminuir os impactos ambientais relacionados e agregar valor ao produto de origem é uma demanda significativa. Dentre os resíduos da jabuticaba pode-se citar a casca, que pode passar pelo processo de desidratação osmótica para obtenção de alguns subprodutos (jabuticaba passa e cristalizada). Esse processo gera um novo resíduo, que também pode ser reaproveitado, neste caso tem-se o caldo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma descrição matemática da fermentação deste caldo que pode ser utilizado para a produção do vinho. O modelo matemático aqui proposto foi validado utilizando dados de um processo de fermentação real e será utilizado em trabalhos futuros de scale-upe controle do processo.A jabuticaba Myrciaria cauliflora, fruta nativa brasileira, além de consumida em sua forma in natura, é utilizada para a produção de vários produtos, como geleias, sucos, bebidas alcoólicas fermentadas, entre outros. Há, no seu processamento, a geração significativa de resíduos, que muitas vezes são destinados para alimentação animal, adubo orgânico ou eliminados no meio ambiente sem tratamento. A busca de alternativas para aproveitamento dos resíduos produzidos, a fim de diminuir os impactos ambientais relacionados e agregar valor ao produto de origem é uma demanda significativa. Dentre os resíduos da jabuticaba pode-se citar a casca, que pode passar pelo processo de desidratação osmótica para obtenção de alguns subprodutos (jabuticaba passa e cristalizada). Esse processo gera um novo resíduo, que também pode ser reaproveitado, neste caso tem-se o caldo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma descrição matemática da fermentação deste caldo que pode ser utilizado para a produção do vinho. O modelo matemático aqui proposto foi validado utilizando dados de um processo de fermentação real e será utilizado em trabalhos futuros de scale-up e controle do processo.
Evaluation of different drying models for jabuticaba peel, dried in spouted bed dryer through performance indicators and the impact on anthocyanins
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Antonio Martins , Santos Jéssica Teles Sirqueira , Souza Domingos Fabiano Santana
Published: October 2018

Jabuticaba fruit stands out for its energetic and nutritional value being widely consumed in the fresh form and used for the production of jellies, vinegar, wines, and liquor. The jabuticaba peel has a high content of natural antioxidants, such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds, these compounds give protection to the fruit. In order to promote preservation of the jabuticaba peel for an extended period of time, the drying process is applied to remove water from the product and, consequently, reduce the risks of microbial growth and enzymatic reactions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate four drying models for spouted bed drying of jabuticaba peel using the following performance indicators: accuracy factor (Af), bias factor (Bf) and mean square error (RMSE), and analyze the impact of drying temperatures on the content of monomeric anthocyanins. The drying process was done in a pilot spouted bed dryer unit at temperatures: 50, 60 and 70°C for 2.5 h. The total monomeric anthocyanin content was determined using the pH differential method. It was observed that for the temperatures of 60°C and 70°C, the Two-term, and Page models, respectively, are appropriated to describe the drying kinetic of the jabuticaba peel in a spouted bed drying under the studied conditions. Moreover, for anthocyanins content, it was noted that there was a greater degradation at the highest temperature studied (70°C) as expected since anthocyanins are heat-sensitive substances.
Prática da automedicação entre acadêmicos do curso de enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino superior
Authors: Dos Santos Thiago Sampaio , Almeida Mayron Moraes , Pessoa Erica Vivencia Monteiro , Pessoa Natalia Monteiro , Siqueira Halmisson Darley Santos , Silva Jose Mario Nunes , Silva Francisco Laurindo da , Miranda Junior Raimundo Nonato Cardoso , Rodrigues Augusto Cesar Evelin , Silva Andrezza Braga Soares da , Pessoa Gerson Tavares , Sousa Francisco das Chagas Araujo
Published: October 2018

A automedicação é uma atividade preocupante no país e conta com uma prática abusiva no intuito de aliviar sintomas de imediato sem consentimento médico. O objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar a prática da automedicação entre os acadêmicos de Enfermagem de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, do tipo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, por meio da aplicação de um questionário abordando o comportamento dos acadêmicos de enfermagem acerca da prática da automedicação. Utilizou para análise dos dados o software estatístico SPSS 18.0. Quanto à realização da prática da automedicação 91,2% afirmaram realizar e 8,7% não realizam. Em relação à frequência da prática, 55,7% realizam-na frequentemente. O principal motivo da automedicação é a dificuldade e demora no atendimento médico (38,46%), sendo que 60,7% afirmam ter conhecimento dos efeitos colaterais e contraindicações. Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram analgésicos e anti-inflamatórios. Portanto, faz-se necessário a criação de estratégias voltadas para a conscientização dessa parcela da população, visando à redução desta prática entre eles.
Avaliação do extrato metanólico de urucum (Bixa orellana L.) em associação com azul de metileno para dupla coloração em histologia vegetal
Authors: Costa Leal Davi Ângelo , Barreto Serra Mariana , Brandão Campos Matheus , Reis Sousa Hiran , Assunção Barroso Wermerson , Machado Vilanova Crisálida
Published: October 2018

The annatto is a yellow-orange dye extracted from the pulp of Bixa orellana L. seeds, a tree native of tropical forests. The composition of this dye consists basically of carotenoids, such as bixin, norbixin and nobixate. Bixin, a highest amount compound, has a liposoluble characteristic that facilitates its interaction with cell membranes. The present study evaluated the dye association viability in vegetable histology of Bixa orellana L., Morinda citrifolia L. and Petiveria alliacea L. leaves. The annatto dye was obtained by extraction in methanol (1:6 w/v) by maceration of Bixa orellana seeds. The analyzes were carried out in cross sections of the vegetal samples collected in the “Berta Lange Morretes” Medical Garden of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA). After clarification with sodium hypochlorite, the staining was performed in an average immersion time of 10 seconds, for both the urucum + methylene blue association in the 2:1 (A1) and 1:1 (A2) concentrations as well as for the blue methylene 1% and annatto dye 2%. All sections were mounted between blade and coverslip with distilled water, and visualized under an optical microscope. The A1 allowed a better morphological visualization of the anatomical structures due to the acidic characteristic of bixin which reacts with basic pH components of plant, and the alkaline characteristic of methylene blue that reacts with structures of acidic nature. This association represents a staining technique that can contribute alternatively as plant histological dyes.
Influence of Perceptions of Sleep on Well-Being in Youth Athletes
Authors: Sawczuk Thomas , Jones Ben , Scantlebury Sean , Till Kevin
Published: October 2018

Sawczuk, T, Jones, B, Scantlebury, S, and Till, K. Influence of perceptions of sleep on well-being in youth athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1066–1073, 2021—To date, most research considering well-being questionnaires has only considered the training stress imposed on the athlete, without evaluating the questionnaire's relationship with a measure of recovery (e.g., sleep). This study aimed to assess the influence of sleep duration (Sduration), sleep quality (Squality), and sleep index (Sindex; Sduration × Squality) on well-being in youth athletes, while accounting for the known training stressors of training load and exposure to match play. Forty-eight youth athletes (age 17.3 ± 0.5 years) completed a daily questionnaire including well-being (DWBno-sleep; fatigue, muscle soreness, stress, and mood) measures, Perceived Recovery Status Scale (PRS), the previous day's training loads, Sduration, and Squality every day for 13 weeks. Linear mixed models assessed the impact of Sduration, Squality, and Sindex on DWBno-sleep, its individual subscales, and PRS. Sduration had a small effect on DWBno-sleep (d = 0.31; ±0.09), fatigue (d = 0.42; ±0.11), and PRS (d = 0.25; ±0.09). Squality had a small effect on DWBno-sleep (d = 0.47; ±0.08), fatigue (d = 0.53; ±0.11), stress (d = 0.35; ±0.07), mood (d = 0.41; ±0.09), and PRS (d = 0.37; ±0.08). Sindex had a small effect on DWBno-sleep (d = 0.44; ±0.08), fatigue (d = 0.55; ±0.11), stress (d = 0.29; ±0.07), mood (d = 0.37; ±0.09), and PRS (d = 0.36; ±0.09). The results indicate that an athlete's perceptions of sleep are associated with deviations in well-being measures and should be used as an input to the monitoring process rather than as part of the outcome well-being score. The sleep index is suggested as a potential input because it provides information on both the duration and quality of the sleep experienced.
National Scouting Combine Scores as Performance Predictors in the National Football League
Authors: Vincent Lisa M. , Blissmer Bryan J. , Hatfield Disa L.
Published: October 2018

Vincent, LM, Blissmer, BJ, and Hatfield, DL. National Scouting Combine scores as performance predictors in the National Football League. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 104–111, 2019—The National Football League (NFL) hosts an annual scouting combine to evaluate the approximately 300 elite college football players who are most likely to be selected in the upcoming NFL draft. Given the public interest, player obligations, coaching staff commitments, and business aspects of the combine, several questions have arose in recent years concerning the applicability of combine scores to eventual draft NFL performance. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between specified National Scouting Combine (NSC) scores and measures of performance by player position. A secondary aim was to determine whether correlated variables could predict player performance at the quarterback (QB), running back (RB), wide receiver (WR), defensive end (DE), defensive tackle (DT), and linebacker (LB) positions. Subjects in this study were combine participants between the years 2005–2010 who subsequently played in the NFL. The positional groups investigated were QBs (N = 44), RBs (N = 82), WRs (N = 116), LBs (N = 139), DEs (N = 59), and DTs (N = 72). Combine raw scores for 40-yd dash time, countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) height, standing long jump (SLJ) distance, and pro-agility time were recorded. Measures of horizontal and vertical power were calculated for the 40-yd dash and CMVJ. Combine scores and on-field positional statistics for the first 4 years for QBs and 3 years of all other players' careers were analyzed to investigate relationships. Significant correlations were shown between at least one combine measure and on-field success at every position. Hierarchal regression showed combine measures could predict between 4% and 62% of the variance for individual on-field variables. Quarterback rushing yards were significantly correlated with 40T, CMVJ, vertical jump power (VJP), vertical jump relative power (VJRP), and horizontal power (HP), and those factors accounted for 62.2% of the total variance. Horizontal power and VJP were predictive of QB rushing attempts (r
2 = 0.370). At RB, 40T and SLJ combined were predictive of total rushing yards (r
2 = 0.200), rushing attempts (r
2 = 0.195), and yards per game (r
2 = 0.197). Power variables were predictive of total tackles for DEs' 40HP (r
2 = 0.096) and VJP (r
2 = 0.018), accounting for a total of 21% of the variance. The current study suggests that combine tests are modest predictors of future performance. Should the NFL change the current NSC testing battery, the addition of horizontal and vertical power measurements, as well as position-specific skill tests are recommended.
Seasonal Changes in the Physical Performance of Elite Youth Female Soccer Players
Authors: Emmonds Stacey , Sawczuk Tom , Scantlebury Sean , Till Kev , Jones Ben
Published: October 2018

Emmonds, S, Sawczuk, T, Scantlebury, S, Till, K, and Jones, B. Seasonal changes in the physical performance of elite youth female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2636–2643, 2020—This study investigated the seasonal change in physical performance of 113 (Under 10: U10 [n = 20], U12 [n = 30], U14 [n = 31], and U16 [n = 32]) elite youth female soccer players. Players completed testing pre-, mid-, and post-season, including speed (10- and 30-m sprint), change of direction (CoD; 505 test), power (countermovement jump [CMJ]), strength (isometric midthigh pull), and aerobic capacity (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 [YYIRL1]). A general linear model was used to evaluate the change in physical characteristics and the influence of covariates (baseline performance; change in maturity status) on each characteristic across the season. U10's speed and CoD performance decreased from pre-post season, whereas relative strength likely improved. U12's relative strength very likely improved; however, 10-m sprint performance decreased. Relative strength likely decreased, whereas 30-m sprint and CoD time very likely improved in U14's. U16's likely improved relative strength, CMJ, and 10-m sprint, and very likely improved 30-m sprint and CoD from pre-post season. U12–U16's improved YYIRL1 performance pre-post season. Strength and conditioning coaches working with U10–U12 players should look to develop speed, lower-body power, and CoD ability as part of structured strength and conditioning sessions as well as within warm-ups before pitch-based sessions. With U14–U16 players' manipulation of small-sided games combined with short-duration high-intensity running drills may provide an efficient training stimulus to develop the aerobic system while concurrently developing technical/tactical skills. Findings of this study provide a basis for the implementation of strategies to enhance the long-term athletic development of youth female soccer players.
Cerebellar Role in Predictive Control of Eye Velocity Initiation and Termination
Authors: Miki Shuntaro , Baker Robert , Hirata Yutaka
Published: October 2018

Predictive motor control is essential to achieve rapid and precise motor action in all vertebrates. Visuomotor transformations have been a popular model system to study the underlying neural mechanisms, in particular, the role of the cerebellum in both predictive and gain adaptations. In all species, large-field visual motion produces an involuntary conjugate ocular movement facilitating gaze stabilization called the optokinetic response. Gain adaptation can be induced by prolonged optokinetic visual stimulation; and if the visual stimulation is temporally periodic, predictive behavior emerges. Two predictive timing components were identifiable in this behavior. The first was prediction of stimulus initiation (when to move) and the other was stimulus termination (when to stop). We designed visual training that allowed us to evaluate initiation and termination independently that included the recording of cerebellar activity followed by acute and chronic cerebellar removal in goldfish of both sexes. We found that initiation and termination predictions were present in the cerebellum and more robust than conflicting visual sensory signals. Each prediction could be acquired independently, and both the acquisition and maintenance of each component were cerebellar-dependent. Subsequent analysis of the neuronal connectivity strongly supports the hypothesis that the acquired eye velocity behaviors were dependent on feedforward velocity buildup signals from the brainstem, but the adaptive timing mechanism itself originates within the circuitry of the cerebellum.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPredictive and rapid motor control is essential in our daily life, such as in the playing of musical instruments or sports. The current work evaluates timing of a visuomotor behavior shown to be similar in humans as well as goldfish. Given the latter species' known brainstem cerebellar neuronal connectivity and experimental advantage, it was possible to demonstrate the cerebellum to be necessary for acquisition and maintenance of both the initiation and termination components of when to move and to stop. All evidence in this study points to the adaptive predictive control site to lie within the cerebellar circuitry.
Thalamocortical and Intracortical Inputs Differentiate Layer-Specific Mouse Auditory Corticocollicular Neurons
Authors: Slater Bernard J. , Sons Stacy K. , Yudintsev Georgiy , Lee Christopher M. , Llano Daniel A.
Published: October 2018

Long-range descending projections from the auditory cortex play key roles in shaping response properties in the inferior colliculus. The auditory corticocollicular projection is massive and heterogeneous, with axons emanating from cortical layers 5 and 6, and plays a key role in directing plastic changes in the inferior colliculus. However, little is known about the cortical and thalamic networks within which corticocollicular neurons are embedded. Here, laser scanning photostimulation glutamate uncaging and photoactivation of channelrhodopsin-2 were used to probe the local and long-range network differences between preidentified layer 5 and layer 6 auditory corticocollicular neurons from male and female micein vitro. Layer 5 corticocollicular neurons were found to vertically integrate supragranular excitatory and inhibitory input to a substantially greater degree than their layer 6 counterparts. In addition, all layer 5 corticocollicular neurons received direct and large thalamic inputs from channelrhodopsin-2-labeled thalamocortical fibers, whereas such inputs were less common in layer 6 corticocollicular neurons. Finally, a new low-calcium/synaptic blockade approach to separate direct from indirect inputs using laser photostimulation was validated. These data demonstrate that layer 5 and 6 corticocollicular neurons receive distinct sets of cortical and thalamic inputs, supporting the hypothesis that they have divergent roles in modulating the inferior colliculus. Furthermore, the direct connection between the auditory thalamus and layer 5 corticocollicular neurons reveals a novel and rapid link connecting ascending and descending pathways.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDescending projections from the cortex play a critical role in shaping the response properties of sensory neurons. The projection from the auditory cortex to the inferior colliculus is a massive, yet poorly understood, pathway emanating from two distinct cortical layers. Here we show, using a range of optical techniques, that mouse auditory corticocollicular neurons from different layers are embedded into different cortical and thalamic networks. Specifically, we observed that layer 5 corticocollicular neurons integrate information across cortical lamina and receive direct thalamic input. The latter connection provides a hyperdirect link between acoustic sensation and descending control, thus demonstrating a novel mechanism for rapid “online” modulation of sensory perception.
Balancing Stakeholder Expectations in Sustainability Management: The Rinker Center Project at Stetson University
Authors: Subramanian Ram , Demoss Michelle A.
Published: October 2018

The Marshall and Vera Lea Rinker Welcome Center is a US$7.634 million budgeted new building that was opened in August 2016 to house various administrative and student-related functions at Stetson University in Florida. Al Allen, the University’s Vice President of Facilities Management, was the point person entrusted with not only completing the project on time and on budget but also ensuring that the building received external certification that validated its sustainability standards. Allen’s task was not an easy one because he had to address the often-conflicting demands of the project’s stakeholders, many of whom, although well meaning, had no knowledge of how the building’s architectural details related to sustainability. Freeman’s [1] idea of stakeholders affecting an organization’s actions come into play in this case. This paper examines Allen’s path as the project leader and the choices that he confronts via the lens of stakeholder theory as it impacts a sustainability initiative. As a result of engaging in the analysis of this case, the reader should have a fine-grained perspective on how organizations confront the trade-offs between the financial and the sustainability sides of a decision, particularly when these sides may not be completely convergent.
The Changing Role of Scientists in Supporting Collaborative Land and Water Policy in Canterbury, New Zealand
Authors: Robson-Williams Melissa , Norton Ned , Davie Tim , Taylor Ken , Kirk Nicholas
Published: October 2018

In this case study, we examine the role of science and scientists in community-led collaborative policy processes. We outline the shift from science-led linear policy processes to community-led science-informed policy processes. This case study illustrates how practice evolved to ensure that scientists provided reliable, credible, and salient evidence to help community decision-makers. From this experience, a set of principles for scientists working in these environments was created. These principles include scientists recognising their changing role, scientists sharing the burden of uncertainty, scientists speaking in the communities’ language, and scientists creating fit for purpose assessment frameworks.
Anti-cancer effect of GV1001 for prostate cancer: function as a ligand of GnRHR
Authors: Kim Ji Won , Yadav Dharmendra K , Kim Soo Jin , Lee Moo-Yeol , Park Jung-Min , Kim Bum Seok , Kim Mi-hyun , Park Hyeung-geun , Kang Keon Wook
Published: October 2018

GV1001, a 16-amino acid fragment of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit (hTERT), has been developed as an injectable formulation of cancer vaccine. Here, we revealed for the first time that GV1001 is a novel ligand for gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR). The docking prediction for GV1001 against GnRHR showed high binding affinity. Binding of GV1001 to GnRHR stimulated the Gαs-coupled cAMP signaling pathway and antagonized Gαq-coupled Ca2+release by leuprolide acetate (LA), a GnRHR agonist. Repeated injection of GV1001 attenuated both serum testosterone level and seminal vesicle weight via desensitization of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. We then tested whether GV1001 has an inhibitory effect on tumor growth of LNCaP cells, androgen receptor–positive human prostate cancer (PCa) cells. GV1001 significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in LNCaP-implanted xenografts. Interestingly, mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 were suppressed by GV1001, but not by LA. Moreover, GV1001 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of PCa cells and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that GV1001 functions as a biased GnRHR ligand to selectively stimulate the Gαs/cAMP pathway, with anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects on human PCa.
¿Cuál es la autoridad de los que sufren en mi realidad histórica para la Fe Cristiana y la Teología?
Authors: Valbuena Henao Andrés Fabián
Published: October 2018

A continuación, en el presente escrito, se dará respuesta a la pregunta, desde un enfoque totalmente particular y distinto al esperado, puesto que algunas lecturas de Filosofía y Teología de la Liberación2, que se han abordado para responder a la pregunta, apuntan, en líneas generales, a corroborar lo que plantea Martha Zechmeister en su intervención, “La Autoridad de los que sufren”3. Para tal caso, la idea a probar es que los que sufren en mi realidad histórica tienen una autoridad testimonial y pericia casuística particular, que no se puede desconocer, sin embargo no tienen autoridad para determinar el último sentido teológico. Por tanto, para desarrollar la idea mencionada, se hará una contextualización, se expondrán aclaraciones del tema del sufrimiento y su relación con la pregunta, se expondrá y explicará con detalle las premisas que configuran la respuesta y se concluirá.
La literatura del siglo XXI: La escuela y el cine
Authors: Rengifo Castillo Yessika María , José Sanjuas Héctor
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo se establece desde una reflexión sobre la literatura del siglo XXI instrumento que les permite a grandes y chicos, adentrarse a mundos posibles. Mundos que son mediados por la escuela, agente social que garantiza planteamientos críticos y propositivos. En esa dimensión, el cine se convierte en una herramienta indispensable de los procesos de enseñanza- aprendizaje, que permite identificar escenarios sociales desde el pasado, el presente, y el futuro, comprendiendo ideas, valores, y pensamientos, que construyen a los sujetos.
PENERAPAN SEMIOLOGI BARTHES PADA MANTRA TUKANG PIJIT
Authors: Nursalim Misbah Priagung , Tiana Rima
Published: October 2018

Abstract: A charm is a subgenre of old poetry that is still considered to have strength. Because the power possessed by a charm makes people consider it sacred. However, apart from that, the mantra is only a part of literary work which contains meaning and of course there is no magical element. This study discusses the meaning in massage charm in Pondok Petir area. The author uses Roland Barthes's semiology theory to analyze the meaning of the charm. This study also uses descriptive qualitative methods to analyze the meaning and form of charms. The results prove that the massage charm does not have magical power. The charm is only an old literary work in which it contains the meaning of certain commands depending on the material function. Because charms are old poems, so charms also pay attention to the beauty of the shape and the sound.Abstrak: Mantra merupakan subgenre puisi lama yang sampai saat ini masih dianggap memiliki kekuatan sehingga membuat masyarakat menganggapnya suci. Namun, terlepas dari itu, mantra hanyalah sebuah bagian dari karya sastra yang di dalamnya menyimpan makna dan tentu tidak ada unsur magis. Penelitian ini secara umum membahas mengenai studi makna pada mantra tukang pijit di daerah Pondok Petir. Penulis menggunakan teori semiologi Roland Barthes untuk mengkaji makna yang terkandung di dalam mantra tersebut. Metode kualitiatif deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis makna dan bentuk mantra. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa mantra tukang pijit tidak mempunyai kekuatan magis. Mantra hanya karya sastra lama yang di dalamnya menyimpan makna berupa perintah tertentu tergantung fungsi matera tersebut. Karena mantra merupakan puisi lama, jadi mantera juga memperhatikan keindahan bentuk dan bunyi bahasanya.