bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survivre par l'emprise
Authors: Berruyer-Lamoine Bénédicte
Published: February 2013

Derrière les comportements de type omnipotent et tyrannique de certains enfants placés en institution, se cache la profonde détresse d’avoir subi un environnement inadéquat, des séparations imprévisibles, et de n’avoir pu pressentir la possibilité d’une prise ou d’une emprise sur l’objet et le lien. Cette impossibilité de développer un travail d’emprise suffisant met à mal non seulement la qualité du lien, mais aussi les capacités à se séparer de l’objet. Il y va alors de la survie psychique du sujet de réparer et d’éprouver sa capacité d’emprise. Cette problématique peut aussi infiltrer le champ transférentiel dans l’analyse.
Setting Patients’ Expectations for Range of Motion After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Harris Joshua D. , Ravindra Amy , Jones Grant L. , Butler R. Bryan , Bishop Julie Y.
Published: February 2013

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is a reliable option for symptomatic patients who have failed conservative treatments. Limited evidence exists regarding early rehabilitation time points (less than 1 year) and the influence of tear size. The authors sought to determine whether a difference exists in pre- and postoperative range of motion among small, medium, and large isolated rotator cuff tears treated arthroscopically.

Patient- and tear-specific demographics were analyzed in a retrospective series of patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Two hundred seventy-four patients (153 [56%] men and 121 [44%] women; mean age, 53 years) were analyzed. Small tears (n=158 [58%]) were more common than medium (n=70 [25%]) and large (n=46 [17%]) tears. Shoulder range of motion was measured preoperatively and at 2 and 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. At nearly all time points pre- and postoperatively, large tears were significantly stiffer than small tears in external rotation and forward elevation (
P
<.05). It takes 1 year to fully regain external rotation after small and medium tears, whereas mild residual stiffness remains after large tears. Full forward elevation is restored by 3 months for small tears vs 6 months for medium and large tears.

Significant tear size–dependent differences exist in shoulder range of motion after arthroscopic repair of isolated rotator cuff tears. These data can be used to manage patients’ expectations for range of motion after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair to improve patient satisfaction.
Osteosarcoma and Chondrosarcoma of the Shoulder: Site-specific Comparative Analysis
Authors: Shin Seung Han , Jeong Hyeon Jang , Han Ilkyu , Cho Hwan Seong , Kim Han-Soo
Published: February 2013

Osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma compose most of the primary malignancies of the shoulder. The literature lacks site-specific comparative analyses of these 2 major shoulder sarcomas. The purposes of this study were to describe the different characteristics of the 2 major sarcomas near the glenohumeral joint, examine differences in treatment outcomes, and evaluate the functional outcomes of limb salvage surgery.

Thirty-two patients with osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma who underwent a wide resection including the glenohumeral joint were enrolled in this study. The characteristics of tumor development and treatment, oncologic and functional outcomes, and factors affecting outcomes were compared between groups and with the literature. The results showed shoulder osteosarcoma developing similarly to the literature reports, whereas chondrosarcoma tended to be of a high histologic grade. Nonetheless, the osteosarcoma group had a poorer overall 5-year survival rate (53.0%) than the chondrosarcoma group (85.7%) or those in previous reports. The osteosarcoma group had a tendency toward a worse 5-year metastasis-free survival rate than the chondrosarcoma group (35.4% vs 75.0%, respectively), although the 5-year local recurrence-free survival rate was not significantly different between the 2 groups (75.0% vs 87.5%, respectively). Histologic grade, surgical stage, and chemotherapy affected the oncologic outcomes in univariate analysis, although not a single factor was independent in multivariate analysis. The functional outcomes were not significantly affected by clinical characteristics or surgical methods in patients who had undergone a wide resection including the glenohumeral joint.
Geometrical Dimensions and Morphological Study of the Lumbar Spinal Canal in the Normal Egyptian Population
Authors: Aly Tarek , Amin Osama
Published: February 2013

Information regarding the precise dimensions of the lumbar vertebrae is essential for spinal surgery and instrumentation. When stenosis of the vertebral canal or the intervertebral foramen exists, the neural structures in them can be affected and cause symptoms such as low back or radicular pain. Accurate and comprehensive spinal canal measurements in the lumbar vertebrae are incomplete. The purpose of this study was to collect data on the dimensions of the lumbar spinal canal from computed tomography scans.

Three hundred patients (162 men and 138 women) were studied. Computed tomography scans were obtained to determine the normal values of the midsagittal diameter, interpedicular distance, and lateral recess depth in the normal Egyptian population. The narrowest level was L3. The range of the midsagittal diameter was 11.07 to 26.07 mm at all levels. The range of the interpedicular distance was 17.00 to 43.41 mm at all levels. In all patients at all levels, mean lateral recess depth was 6.7 mm (range, 4–14 mm). The narrowest lateral recess depth was at L5. Few patients (3.3%) had a statistically stenotic midsagittal diameter measurement. The canal shape was not uniform along the 5 lumbar vertebrae; it ranged from being circular or rounded in the upper lumbar vertebrae to triangular in the midlumbar vertebrae to trefoil in the lower lumbar vertebrae, especially at L5. Trefoil canals existed mainly in the lower lumbar vertebrae at L5, followed by L4.

Data from computed tomography scans combined with accurate measurements are the basis for anatomical studies, clinical research, and the development of implants suitable for a group of patients with measurements different from the population standard.
Multimodal Pain Management After Spinal Surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Blanco John S. , Perlman Stephanie L. , Cha H. Susan , Delpizzo Kathryn
Published: February 2013

Corrective surgery for scoliosis is an extensive procedure with well-known problems of postoperative pain control. Additional problems with nausea, vomiting, ileus, and sedation can result in delayed mobilization and a prolonged inpatient hospital stay. At our institution, a multimodal approach to pain management has been used to successfully address these issues. The use of intravenous acetaminophen has been a helpful adjunct to our armamentarium of pain medication in this patient population. We present an illustrative case of our use of multimodal analgesia beginning intraoperatively and continuing during the acute inpatient postoperative period.
Improving Nursing Students’ Communication Skills Using Crew Resource Management Strategies
Authors: Aebersold Michelle , Tschannen Dana , Sculli Gary
Published: February 2013

To provide optimal patient care, all members of the health care team must effectively communicate patient status and the current plan of care. The Crew Resource Management (CRM) training system has been successfully used in the aviation industry to manage human error and reduce risk in the operational environment. CRM focuses on behaviors that support communication and teamwork and is modifiable to be used in nursing education. A version of CRM—nursing crew resource management—was implemented in a group of senior undergraduate nursing students. Students were satisfied with the program, and in a subsequent simulation they demonstrated the ability to use the communication techniques learned.
An Optomechanical Model Eye for Ophthalmological Refractive Studies
Authors: Arianpour Ashkan , Tremblay Eric J. , Stamenov Igor , Ford Joseph E. , Schanzlin David J. , Lo Yuhwa
Published: February 2013

PURPOSE:

To create an accurate, low-cost optomechanical model eye for investigation of refractive errors in clinical and basic research studies.

METHODS:

An optomechanical fluid-filled eye model with dimensions consistent with the human eye was designed and fabricated. Optical simulations were performed on the optomechanical eye model, and the quantified resolution and refractive errors were compared with the widely used Navarro eye model using the ray-tracing software ZEMAX (Radiant Zemax, Redmond, WA). The resolution of the physical optomechanical eye model was then quantified with a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor imager using the image resolution software SFR Plus (Imatest, Boulder, CO). Refractive, manufacturing, and assembling errors were also assessed. A refractive intraocular lens (IOL) and a diffractive IOL were added to the optomechanical eye model for tests and analyses of a 1951 U.S. Air Force target chart.

RESULTS:

Resolution and aberrations of the optomechanical eye model and the Navarro eye model were qualitatively similar in ZEMAX simulations. Experimental testing found that the optomechanical eye model reproduced properties pertinent to human eyes, including resolution better than 20/20 visual acuity and a decrease in resolution as the field of view increased in size. The IOLs were also integrated into the optomechanical eye model to image objects at distances of 15, 10, and 3 feet, and they indicated a resolution of 22.8 cycles per degree at 15 feet.

CONCLUSIONS:

A life-sized optomechanical eye model with the flexibility to be patient-specific was designed and constructed. The model had the resolution of a healthy human eye and recreated normal refractive errors. This model may be useful in the evaluation of IOLs for cataract surgery.
Transitory Topographical Variations in Keratoconus During Pregnancy
Authors: Hoogewoud Florence , Gatzioufas Zisis , Hafezi Farhad
Published: February 2013

PURPOSE:

To highlight two cases of keratoconus with significant variations of corneal curvature during pregnancy that reversed several months after delivery.

METHODS:

Case reports and literature review.

RESULTS:

Two women experienced a significant decrease of corrected distance visual acuity during pregnancy. Evaluation of corneal topography by Scheimpflug imaging revealed transitory variations of the keratometric values in both patients during the gestational period. These topographical alterations were evident not only during pregnancy, but also in the postpartum period, with stabilization of corneal topography several months after delivery.

CONCLUSIONS:

These clinical cases indicate that hormonal changes occurring regularly during gestation may have a severe impact on the progression of keratoconus. However, these changes are transient and fully reversible. Therefore, physicians should be reluctant to perform cross-linking during or directly after pregnancy and should wait until the corneal curvature has been stabilized.
Une approche sociologique des problèmes environnementaux : deux hypothèses explicatives
Authors: Roques Jean-Luc
Published: February 2013

Ce texte se propose de mettre en évidence deux hypothèses concernant certains blocages relatifs à la gestion des problèmes environnementaux. La première provient d’une croyance toujours vivace dans le mythe du progrès. La seconde renvoie au maintien voire à la réminiscence des territoires tant nationaux que locaux soucieux surtout de préserver leurs prérogatives sur leur environnement et leurs ressources.
Collaborations for Innovation in the Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Bianchi Mattia , Boscherini Lorenzo , Chiaroni Davide , Frattini Federico , Chiesa Vittorio
Published: February 2013

The advent of biotechnology in the late ’80s revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry and, in particular, caused a strong division of labour in the innovation process. As a result, the capability to master technological collaborations with external organizations has become a critical success factor for incumbent pharmaceutical firms as well as product biotech firms. This chapter investigates the phenomenon by using a rich and purposively collected empirical basis about the organisational forms (e.g., partnerships, in- and out-licensing, outsourcing, technology purchasing) through which inter-organizational collaborations are put into practice along the phases of the bio-pharmaceutical innovation process, and about the specific role played in these collaborations by platform biotech firms. Results are interpreted by drawing into two relatively novel streams of research in the innovation management literature, dealing with the Open Innovation paradigm and the role of Technical and Scientific Services (TSS).
The Evolving Role of Pharmacoinformatics in Targeting Drug-Related Problems in Clinical Oncology Practice
Authors: Yap Kevin Yi-Lwern
Published: February 2013

The rapid growth of the internet and the World Wide Web has led to the development of pharmacoinformatics technologies to assist oncology healthcare professionals in delivering optimum pharmaceutical care and health-related outcomes. The proliferation of online health information has also empowered patients with cancer with the knowledge to better participate in the management of their own condition. This chapter introduces the evolving roles of pharmacoinformatics in oncology and discusses some problems that have arisen due to these technologies. Various pharmacoinformatics channels for practitioners and patients are described together with drug interaction parameters that are clinically relevant to oncology clinicians. Additionally, this chapter addresses certain quality issues associated with online anticancer drug interactions and proposes several design principles for developers of pharmacoinformatics tools. Finally, readers will be given an insight as to how pharmacoinformatics can be harnessed for the future improvement of pharmaceutical care in patients with chronic diseases such as cancer.
Analysis of Tourist Behavior Based on Tracking Data Collected by GPS
Authors: Bernadó Oriol , Bigorra Albert , Pérez Yolanda , Russo Antonio P. , Clave Salvador Anton
Published: February 2013

The chapter presents the design and validation of this comprehensive methodology, and the early results from a test application in the historical centre of the World Heritage city of Tarragona, a semi-enclosed area with unpredictable patterns of tourism mobility that typically suffer from congestion and flow management problems.
A Snapshot Overview of the Digital Divide
Authors: Bwalya Kelvin Joseph , Du Plessis Tanya , Rensleigh Chris
Published: February 2013

It can arguably be stated that the digital divide, e-Inclusion, and successful e-Government development are inseparable. The concept of e-Inclusion is an a priori phenomenon to understanding the concept of the digital divide. This chapter provides a theoretical background on the linkages of information access, the digital divide, e-Inclusion, and e-Government. This exploratory study aims to discuss the intricacies of the digital divide and present a snapshot discussion of initiatives taken in Zambia to bridge the divide in the context of e-Government. The discussion presents the likelihood of the realisation of e-Government inclusion in the Zambian context and how this can impact e-Government development in its totality. From the discussion, it is evident that e-Government depends on multi-dimensional factors (such as individual and institutional e-Readiness, relevance of e-Government applications, local culture, propensity to change, and managerial and technical capabilities) to succeed, and this entails that any robust e-Government strategy should incorporate a multivariate approach in its design.
Success and Failure of Local E-Government Projects
Authors: Abdelsalam Hisham M. , Reddick Christopher G. , El Kadi Hatem A.
Published: February 2013

This chapter examines the Information Systems success model in the Egyptian context. Much of the existing literature on information system success focuses primarily on the private sector. There are fewer studies that examine success in the context of the development of e-government. This study focuses specifically on local e-government development of projects in Egypt. A survey is administered in three local governments on actual users of Information Systems. The results of this study confirm much of the existing research on information system success, but highlight the importance of net benefit as a success factor that examines the organizational and managerial context of e-government development. The importance of this research indicates that managerial functions matter for the success of e-government projects.
A Process Model for Successful E-Government Adoption in the Least Developed Countries
Authors: Imran Ahmed , Gregor Shirley
Published: February 2013

Least developed countries (LDCs), have been struggling to find a workable strategy to adopt information and communication technology (ICT) and e-government in their public sector organizations. Despite a number of high-level initiatives at national and international levels, the progress is still unsatisfactory in this area. Consequently, the countries are failing to keep pace in the global e-government race, further increasing the digital divide. This chapter reports on an exploratory study in a least developed country, Bangladesh, involving a series of focus groups and interviews with key stakeholders. A lack of knowledge and entrenched attitudes and mindsets are seen as the key underlying contributors to the lack of progress. The analysis of the relationships among the major barriers to progress led to a process model, which suggests a pathway for e-government adoption in an LDC such as Bangladesh. The chapter introduces important directions for the formulation of long-term strategies for the successful adoption of ICT in the public sector of LDCs and provides a basis for further theoretical development.
Implementing and Managing Public Library Networks, Connectivity, and Partnerships to Promote E-Government Access and Education
Authors: Bertot John Carlo , Jaeger Paul T.
Published: February 2013

This chapter explores the implementation and management issues faced by public libraries in the provision of e-government access and education to their patrons and communities. Due to a complex set of factors – policy decisions, widespread trust of libraries, and a lack of social institutions that play similar roles – public libraries now stand as the social guarantor of public access to and education about e-government in the United States. Drawing from data collected through a 2009 national survey of public libraries, a 2009 series of site visits of public libraries, and previous research by the authors, this chapter examines the challenges of implementing public library networks and connectivity to support e-government access and education, as well as the numerous management issues raised by providing these services. The primary focus of this chapter is examining the dual role of public libraries as providers of public Internet access and education and as partners with government agencies to collaborate effectively in the provision of e-government.
E-Engaging India
Authors: Karan Kavita
Published: February 2013

E-Governance, inclusive of e-democracy, e-government, and e-business, has the power to improve processes, connect citizens, and build interactions with civil societies. The infusion of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) by the governments, civil society organizations, and political institutions to engage citizens, have promoted greater participation in the process of governance. E-Democracy encompasses all forms of electronic interaction between the elected government and the electorate. Examples include e-voting, e-consultation, e-representatives, e-campaigning, online deliberative polling, e-petitions, and e-referendums. India is the largest democracy in the world and a frontrunner in the use of ICTs for e-governance and e-democracy. The last few elections witnessed a surge in the use of new technologies inclusive of Internet, social networking, and mobile technologies, alongside the traditional forms of electioneering. This chapter examines the e-governance and e-democracy strategies, and the innovative new media technologies used by political parties, industrial corporations, and other organizations that have e-engaged the citizens.
Librarians, Records Managers, and E-Government
Authors: Nengomasha Cathrine T.
Published: February 2013

Governments have turned to the use of information and communication technologies with the aim of improving service delivery, encouraging citizens in the decision making process, and enhancing accountability, transparency, and effectiveness. Effective inclusive participation of citizens in the government of their country requires access to information through modern technologies. Access to information is vital for transparency, accountability, participation, and the rule of law – all hallmarks of democratic governance. This chapter looks at the role of librarians and records managers in promoting e-government. Their traditional role of collecting, organizing, preserving, and disseminating information places them in a very significant position in e-governance implementation. However, in an electronic environment, they face a number of challenges which include economic, technological, and information literacy. The role played by these professionals, and the challenges each meet are discussed. Some recommendations are provided to enhance the role of these professionals in e-government implementation.
Trends in Government e-Authentication
Authors: Just Mike , Renaud Karen
Published: February 2013

Government engagement of its citizens through digital channels offers the potential for efficiencies and savings, while at the same time allowing the government to reach out to constituents in novel ways. Yet such endeavours must be undertaken with care, especially with personalised service delivery, which requires effective management of security and privacy. Proper authentication and management of identity are key related factors. In this chapter, the authors examine government use and adoption of e-authentication and identity management technologies in order to securely interact with citizens. They first provide some background in which the state-of-the-art for protecting and managing identities is reviewed in terms of the various methods studied in academia and marketed by industry. The chapter then describes the degree to which these methods have been, and continue to be, used in the e-government initiatives of several developed countries. Finally, the authors consider the lessons learned, and how they might be applied to similar initiatives in developing countries.
Open Innovation in the E-Government Strategy Planning
Authors: Juntunen A.T.
Published: February 2013

This chapter seeks to identify the current trends of the government transformation to e-Goverment, and combine them with the changes in the new information and communication technologies. Furthermore, the purpose of the study is to understand the evolution towards openness strategy and e-governance as well as assessing its challenges and implications. It seeks to identify the path towards the openness strategy at the ministry of the interior in Finland. It also discusses what kind of capabilities were created or needed in the development process.
Clustering Genes Using Heterogeneous Data Sources
Authors: Zeng Erliang , Yang Chengyong , Li Tao , Narasimhan Giri
Published: February 2013

Clustering of gene expression data is a standard exploratory technique used to identify closely related genes. Many other sources of data are also likely to be of great assistance in the analysis of gene expression data. This data provides a mean to begin elucidating the large-scale modular organization of the cell. The authors consider the challenging task of developing exploratory analytical techniques to deal with multiple complete and incomplete information sources. The Multi-Source Clustering (MSC) algorithm developed performs clustering with multiple, but complete, sources of data. To deal with incomplete data sources, the authors adopted the MPCK-means clustering algorithms to perform exploratory analysis on one complete source and other potentially incomplete sources provided in the form of constraints. This paper presents a new clustering algorithm MSC to perform exploratory analysis using two or more diverse but complete data sources, studies the effectiveness of constraints sets and robustness of the constrained clustering algorithm using multiple sources of incomplete biological data, and incorporates such incomplete data into constrained clustering algorithm in form of constraints sets.
Neuromorphic Smart Controller for Seismically Excited Structures
Authors: Kim Yeesock , Kim Changwon , Langari Reza
Published: February 2013

In this chapter, an application of a neuromorphic controller is proposed for hazard mitigation of smart structures under seismic excitations. The new control system is developed through the integration of a brain emotional learning-based intelligent control (BELBIC) algorithm with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) compensator and a clipped algorithm. The BELBIC control is based on the neurologically inspired computational model of the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex. A building structure employing a magnetorheological (MR) damper under seismic excitations is investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid clipped BELBIC-PID control algorithm. The performance of the proposed hybrid neuromorphic controller is compared with the one of a variety of conventional controllers such as a passive, PID, linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG), and emotional control systems. It is shown that the proposed hybrid neuromorphic controller is effective in improving the dynamic responses of structure-MR damper systems under seismic excitations, compared to the benchmark controllers.
Comparative Study on Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms for Seismic Response Controls of Structures
Authors: Cha Young-Jin , Kim Yeesock
Published: February 2013

This chapter introduces three new multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGAs) for minimum distributions of both actuators and sensors within seismically excited large-scale civil structures such that the structural responses are also minimized. The first MOGA is developed through the integration of Implicit Redundant Representation (IRR), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Non-dominated sorting GA 2 (NSGA2): NS2-IRR GA. The second one is proposed by combining the best features of both IRR GA and Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA2): SP2-IRR GA. Lastly, Gene Manipulation GA (GMGA) is developed based on novel recombination and mutation mechanism. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed three algorithms, two full-scale twenty-story buildings under seismic excitations are investigated. The performances of the three new algorithms are compared with the ones of the ASCE benchmark control system while the uncontrolled structural responses are used as a baseline. It is shown that the performances of the proposed algorithms are slightly better than those of the benchmark control system. In addition, GMGA outperforms the other genetic algorithms.
Operator Assignment Decisions in a Highly Dynamic Cellular Environment
Authors: Süer Gürsel A. , Alhawari Omar
Published: February 2013

Operators are assigned to operations in labor-intensive manufacturing cells using two assignment strategies: Max-Min and Max. The major concern is to see how these two approaches impact operators’ skill levels and makespan values in a multi-period environment. The impact is discussed under chaotic environment where sudden changes in product mix with different operation times are applied, and also under non-chaotic environment where same product mix is run period after period. In this chapter, operators’ skill levels are affected by learning and forgetting rates. The Max-Min strategy improved operators’ skill levels more significantly than Max in this multi-period study; particularly in chaotic environment. This eventually led to improved makespan values under Max-Min strategy.
RFID Applications in E-Healthcare
Authors: Watfa Mohamed K. , Kaur Manprabhjot , Daruwala Rashida Firoz
Published: February 2013

Pervasive healthcare is the ultimate goal of all healthcare facilities and e-healthcare is the most talked about medical assistance these days. Healthcare organizations are exploiting RFID to maximize use of tools and equipment, keep tabs on medicinal drugs, boost patient flow and plug gaps in patient safety. RFID technology has become a hot topic in all scientific areas and is entitled as a major enabling technology for the automation of many work processes involved in the health sector. This chapter talks about many singular RFID applications that have been successfully developed or are in development, particularly the ones designed for the healthcare industry. It also discusses issues related to technology and healthcare and measures to overcome them. Furthermore, the chapter gives insight on the future of RFID technology and what more it has to offer to the healthcare community in the future.
Cardmobili
Authors: Silva Cândida , Ramos Isabel
Published: February 2013

The developments of the internet, the proliferation of the use of Web 2.0 tools, and of the technology in general, are leveraging new ways of people to communicate, collaborate, and interact. This new world and new markets, in a daily change, are enabling the emergence of new innovative enterprises and services, taking advantage of the new technologies and of the global network. Cardmobili is a Portuguese start-up company working in the area of mobile services. This company provides a mobile service to manage rewards and membership cards, enabling users to store them in the cloud, while using mobile applications to present them in store, collecting and using the rewards, sharing cards and information with other users and friends in social networks. Cardmobili is linked to merchants’ loyalty management systems, enabling users to access exclusive offers, delivered to their mobile application and web account. The company provides complete services to make any loyalty or membership program mobile: branding, new customer registration, integration of customer account balance, mobile vouchers, coupons and offers, and mobile communication.
Knowledge Management and Organizational Performance in the Egyptian Software Firms
Authors: Seleim Ahmed , Khalil Omar
Published: February 2013

Management research has often overlooked the role of knowledge and knowledge management (KM) in the analysis of organizations and their performance. Also, the literature on KM is short of empirical evidence on the likely interrelatedness of the KM processes. This investigation adopted a research model and used data from 38 Egyptian software firms to examine: (1) the relationship of the KM processes of knowledge acquisition, documentation, transfer, creation, and application to organizational performance, and (2) a number of relationships within the KM processes themselves. The results suggest that knowledge application influences organizational performance, knowledge acquisition and knowledge creation influence knowledge application, and knowledge acquisition and knowledge transfer influence knowledge creation. Although they provide a limited support to the research mode, the results signify the value of continued examination and enhancement of such a model.
System Dynamics Integrative Modeling and Simulation for Mobile Telephony Innovation Diffusion
Authors: Bhushan Sanjay
Published: February 2013

In the recent times, India has emerged as one of the fastest growing telecom markets in the world and witnessed a telecommunication revolution brought about by a collaboration of government, industry, and the scientific community. It has truly been a success story of indigenous technology development and effective diffusion management of mobile telephony services. In the present paper, a system dynamics integrated model of Indian telecommunication sector (Mobile Telephony) has been calibrated to demonstrate the nature of interactions among system variables and the resultant outcome which assume degrees of importance at different stages of the diffusion/adoption process in the Indian telecom sector. The work done here proves how the application of system dynamics modeling and simulation coupled with soft computational neural networking can improve the holistic understanding of the dynamic structural complexities and forces of telecom diffusion. Simulation results show the potential of system dynamics as a promising tool to capture and predict the structural behavior of innovation diffusion process.
A Critical Theory of Adult and Community Education
Authors: Brookfield Stephen
Published: February 2013

Critical theory is one of the most influential theoretical frameworks influencing scholarship within the field of adult and community education. This chapter outlines what constitute the chief elements of critical theory using Horkheimer’s (1937/1995) classic essay as a touchstone for this analysis. It argues for a set of adult learning tasks that are embedded in this analysis and that apply both to formal adult education settings and informal learning projects carried out in communities. Future likely trends are the extension of critical theory’s unit of analysis to include race, class, gender, disability, and sexual identity, and critical analysis of digital technologies.
Cloud Computing
Authors: Khan Nawsher , Noraziah A. , Ismail Elrasheed I. , Deris Mustafa Mat , Herawan Tutut
Published: February 2013

Cloud computing is fundamentally altering the expectations for how and when computing, storage, and networking resources should be allocated, managed, consumed, and allow users to utilize services globally. Due to the powerful computing and storage, high availability and security, easy accessibility and adaptability, reliable scalability and interoperability, cost and time effective cloud computing is the top, needed for current fast growing business world. A client, organization or a trade that adopting emerging cloud environment can choose a well suitable infrastructure, platform, software, and a network resource, for any business, where each one has some exclusive features and advantages. The authors first develop a comprehensive classification for describing cloud computing architecture. This classification help in survey of several existing cloud computing services developed by various projects globally such as Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Sun and Force.com and by using this survey’s results the authors identified similarities and differences of the architecture approaches of cloud computing.
Weightless
Authors: Webb William
Published: February 2013

The value in machines having wireless communications has long been understood and a large market is predicted for many years. This has not transpired without difficulty of meeting all the requirements for machine communications within the constraints of the available radio spectrum. These constraints changed significantly with the advent of white space which provides near-perfect spectrum with free access. However, the combination of the unique and unusual nature of that access and the very different characteristics of machine traffic compared to human traffic means that using any existing standard is far from optimal. This paper discusses the design of a new standard called Weightless which is designed and optimised for this application.
The Long-Term Impact of Health on GDP in 19 OECD Countries
Authors: Akpolat Ahmet Gokce , Altintas Nurullah
Published: February 2013

Health is assumed to influence the economy through many channels. It reduces infant mortality and increase life expectancy and adult survival rates. Health level and life expectancy affects long-term savings decisions of individuals. This study examines the relationship between health indicators and economic growth in 19 OECD countries during the period 1970-2009 within a panel data analysis. The authors employ three different measures of health. Results show that an increase in health expenditures and a decrease in infant mortality positively affect GDP in compatible with the theoretical assumptions. However, life expectancy is detected to affect GDP negatively in contrast with the theoretical expectations. In conclusion, health expenditures and services concluded to influence GDP by improving human capital. Furthermore, the authors make suggestions about how economies can remove the burden of aging population.
Offshoring of Services from Developing Countries
Authors: Bunyaratavej Kraiwinee , Hahn Eugene D.
Published: February 2013

Offshore outsourcing of services accelerated at the end of 1990s in developed countries. Recently developing countries have also increasingly offshored services, not only to developed countries but also to other developing countries. Yet, to date little attention has been paid to the emergence of this reverse offshoring. This paper examines the determinants of offshoring of services from developing countries; as such the authors investigate what location factors drive these firms from developing countries to offshore services. Using data on service offshoring projects during 2001-2007 originating from developing countries, the authors found that the determinants of offshoring of services from developing countries followed similar patterns of conventional offshoring yet for different reasons. In addition, the authors also found that services offshoring from developing countries in some sectors appeared to occur because of the desire to be closer to customers.
CD4+ T Cell Persistence and Function after Infection Are Maintained by Low-Level Peptide:MHC Class II Presentation
Authors: Nelson Ryan W. , McLachlan James B. , Kurtz Jonathan R. , Jenkins Marc K.
Published: February 2013

CD4+ memory–phenotype T cells decline over time when generated in response to acute infections cleared by other components of the immune system. Therefore, it was of interest to assess the stability of CD4+ T cells during a persistent Salmonella infection, which is typical of persistent phagocytic infections that are controlled by this lymphocyte subset. We found that CD4+ T cells specific for Salmonella peptide:MHC class II (MHCII) ligands were numerically stable for >1 y after initial oral infection. This stability was associated with peptide:MHCII-driven proliferation by a small number of T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs that harbored bacteria. The persistent population consisted of multifunctional Th1 cells that induced PD-1 and became exhausted when transferred to hosts expressing the specific peptide:MHCII ligand in all parts of the body. Thus, persistent infection of phagocytes produced a CD4+ T cell population that was stably maintained by low-level peptide:MHCII presentation.
Microglia and a Functional Type I IFN Pathway Are Required To Counter HSV-1–Driven Brain Lateral Ventricle Enlargement and Encephalitis
Authors: Conrady Christopher D. , Zheng Min , van Rooijen Nico , Drevets Douglas A. , Royer Derek , Alleman Anthony , Carr Daniel J. J.
Published: February 2013

HSV-1 is the leading cause of sporadic viral encephalitis, with mortality rates approaching 30% despite treatment with the antiviral drug of choice, acyclovir. Permanent neurologic deficits are common in patients that survive, but the mechanism leading to this pathology is poorly understood, impeding clinical advancements in treatment to reduce CNS morbidity. Using magnetic resonance imaging and type I IFN receptor–deficient mouse chimeras, we demonstrate HSV-1 gains access to the murine brain stem and subsequently brain ependymal cells, leading to enlargement of the cerebral lateral ventricle and infection of the brain parenchyma. A similar enlargement in the lateral ventricles is found in a subpopulation of herpes simplex encephalitic patients. Associated with encephalitis is an increase in CXCL1 and CXCL10 levels in the cerebral spinal fluid, TNF-α expression in the ependymal region, and the influx of neutrophils of encephalitic mouse brains. Reduction in lateral ventricle enlargement using anti-secretory factor peptide 16 reduces mortality significantly in HSV-1–infected mice without any effect on expression of inflammatory mediators, infiltration of leukocytes, or changes in viral titer. Microglial cells but not infiltrating leukocytes or other resident glial cells or neurons are the principal source of resistance in the CNS during the first 5 d postinfection through a Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β–dependent, type I IFN pathway. Our results implicate lateral ventricle enlargement as a major cause of mortality in mice and speculate such an event transpires in a subpopulation of human HSV encephalitic patients.
Decomposing Phenotype Descriptions for the Human Skeletal Phenome
Authors: Groza Tudor , Hunter Jane , Zankl Andreas
Published: February 2013

Over the course of the last few years there has been a significant amount of research performed on ontology-based formalization of phenotype descriptions. The intrinsic value and knowledge captured within such descriptions can only be expressed by taking advantage of their inner structure that implicitly combines qualities and anatomical entities. We present a meta-model (the Phenotype Fragment Ontology) and a processing pipeline that enable together the automatic decomposition and conceptualization of phenotype descriptions for the human skeletal phenome. We use this approach to showcase the usefulness of the generic concept of phenotype decomposition by performing an experimental study on all skeletal phenotype concepts defined in the Human Phenotype Ontology.
Clinically Significant Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Colchicine and Ritonavir in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Wason Suman , DiGiacinto Jennifer L. , Davis Matthew W.
Published: February 2013

Colchicine is a substrate for cytochrome 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme and P-glycoprotein efflux transporter (P-gp); consequently, concomitant administration with drugs that inhibit these have the potential to cause clinically significant increases in colchicine plasma concentrations and precipitate adverse events. Ritonavir, a protease inhibitor, elicits potent CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibitory activity. In this open-label, nonrandomized, one-sequence, two-period study, 24 healthy volunteers received a single 0.6-mg dose of colchicine alone and together with multiple-dose ritonavir (100 mg twice daily for 4 days) to evaluate drug-drug interactions. Serial blood samples were collected for the determination of colchicine plasma concentrations. Standard pharmacokinetic parameter values were calculated along with 90% confidence intervals (ie, area under the concentration-time curve plasma from time zero to the time of last quantifiable concentration [AUC0-t and AUC0-∞], maximum drug concentration [Cmax]) for colchicine alone and colchicine combined with multiple-dose ritonavir. The mean Cmax and AUC0-t were significantly increased (170% and 245%, respectively) when colchicine was coadministered with ritonavir as compared with colchicine alone. Study data confirm the need for a dose adjustment (approximately 50% reduction) when colchicine is coadministered with strong CYP3A/P-gp inhibitors.
Alkalizer Administration Improves Renal Function in Hyperuricemia Associated with Obesity
Authors: Saito Jun , Matsuzawa Yoko , Ito Hiroko , Omura Masao , Kino Tomoshige , Nishikawa Tetsuo
Published: February 2013

We evaluated the combination effect of the alkalizer citrate with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol on renal function and uric acid in patients with hyperuricemia associated with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS), who were extracted from among the subjects enrolled in a prospective randomized controlled study aimed at assessing the efficacy of such a combination for improving renal function. We also conducted a post hoc analysis to examine influences on lipid profiles.

Patients who consented to participate in the study were randomly allocated to receive either allopurinol alone (monotherapy) or in combination with a citrate preparation (combination therapy). The analysis population consisted of 31 obese patients with a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2 (monotherapy, 15 patients; combination therapy, 16 patients). The creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), serum uric acid levels, and lipid profiles were measured before and at 12 weeks after the start of treatment.

In the combination therapy group, Ccr increased significantly and serum uric acid levels decreased significantly in obese patients, while Ccr tended to increase and serum uric acid levels decreased, though not significantly, in patients with MetS-related clinical parameters. Overall, blood triglyceride levels tended to improve in the combination therapy group as compared with the monotherapy group.
Assessing the WHO 50% Prevalence Threshold in School-Aged Children as Indication for Treatment of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Adults in Central Nigeria
Authors: Evans Darin S. , King Jonathan D. , Eigege Abel , Umaru John , Adamani William , Alphonsus Kal , Sambo Yohanna , Miri Emmanual S. , Goshit Danjuma , Ogah Gladys , Richards Frank O.
Published: February 2013

Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel is recommended in adults by the World Health Organization when prevalence of schistosomiasis in school-aged children (SAC) is ≥ 50%. This study ascertained the value of this threshold in predicting prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma hematobium (SH) infection in adults in central Nigeria. We evaluated urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence in 1,164 adults: 659 adults in 12 communities where mean hematuria among SAC in 2008 was 26.6% and 505 adults in 7 communities where the mean hematuria among SAC in 2008 was 70.4%. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups of adults in prevalence of hematuria, prevalence of SH eggs, or intensity of infections. We conclude that, in this setting, the SAC threshold is not useful for treatment decisions in adults. Given the increased risk of subtle morbidity or urogenital schistosomiasis as a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), more liberal treatment of adults with praziquantel is warranted.
Darkness at the break of noon: Phytoplankton production in the Lower Mississippi River
Authors: Ochs Clifford A. , Pongruktham Orathai , Zimba Paul V.
Published: February 2013

Temporal patterns in chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration and phytoplankton production were examined in the main channel of the Lower Mississippi River at two locations separated by ∼ 420 river km, near Tunica, Mississippi (51 sample‐days, 2006–2009), and near Le Tourneau, Mississippi (15 d, 2006–2007). Phytoplankton production was estimated based on laboratory‐derived photosynthesis‐irradiance profiles coupled to field measurements of the light regime and temperature. Chl a concentration varied between 3 mg m−3 and 24 mg m−3, generally increasing at both sites from spring to late summer. Mean annual Chl a flux past Tunica averaged 3.6 × 106 kg in 2006–2007. During the 15 month period of sampling at both sites, there was no difference in mean Chl a flux between sites. Despite the presence of viable phytoplankton capable of gross primary production (GPP), and annually recurrent summer increases in Chl a concentration, net primary production (NPP) evaluated over the mean cross‐sectional mixing depths of the river was consistently negative at both locations. Severe light limitation constrained NPP. The maximum percentage of time that phytoplankton were in the photic zone was only 25% of a 12 h day (i.e., 3 h), and the mean water‐column irradiance required for NPP = 0 (GPP = phytoplankton respiration) was consistently greater than available daytime irradiance. We propose that viable phytoplankton in the main flow of the channel are subsidized from hydrologically connected regions where the light regime is favorable to positive NPP, including lateral slackwater portions of the channel and floodplain backwaters.