bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can sheep help to improve positive emotions, mindfulness, and self-efficacy expectancy? A pilot study of animal-assisted intervention as an enhanced CBT-based therapy for substance use disorders
Authors: Schmid Petra , Nauss Carmen , Jauch-Ederer Claudia , Prinz Petra , Tschöke Stefan , Uhlmann Carmen
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are common, and there is evidence of clinically significant benefit of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The efficacy of CBT in SUDs has been confirmed, although relapse rates of 40%–60% have been reported. An enhancement of CBT-based therapy through an animal-assisted intervention (AAI) with sheep to normalize the occurrence of negative emotions and improve positive emotions as well as mindfulness and self-efficacy expectancy was investigated.

Methods

A single-session AAI with sheep in a group setting was investigated against treatment as usual over time. N = 36 psychiatric inpatients with SUDs were examined by questionnaires before and 1 week after the intervention and additionally immediately after the intervention.

Results

Positive emotions improved significantly in the AAI group 1 week after the intervention with a medium effect size, but not in the control group. Similarly, mindfulness and self-efficacy expectancy improved over time in the AAI group. When exploratory results were evaluated immediately after the intervention while still on the farm, the effects in favor of AAI were even larger.

Conclusions

AAI can thus be considered effective in improving positive emotions, mindfulness, and self-efficacy expectancy. The impressive effect sizes immediately after the intervention encourage us to consider what can be done to maintain these even greater effect sizes over time.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00027539, identifier DRKS 00027539.
Cognitive function characteristics and influencing factors in patients with depressive disorders: a 5-year follow-up report based on the epidemiological survey of mental disorders in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Lin Ziang , Wang Qian , Li Xiaojing , Wang Can , Wang Ruzhan , Wang Chenghui , Ding Hao , Qian Liju , Wan Xiaona , Tian Xue , Hou Zongyin , Liu Fengjie , Liu Jindong , Zhang Jingxuan , Cheng Xiaojing
Published: October 2024

Objective

Cognitive impairment represents a notable feature of depressive disorders. Comprehending its characteristics and influencing factors is vital for patient rehabilitation.

Methods

This study is based on the 2015 Shandong Province epidemiological survey of mental disorders, from which 871 individuals meeting DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders were selected as the research group. Using 1:1:1 matching by sex, age, and residence, we randomly selected 825 individuals with no DSM-IV diagnosis but positive on GHQ-12 and additional risk assessments as the elevated risk control group, and 825 with negative screenings as the minimal risk control group. In 2020, a follow-up survey was conducted, resulting in a final analysis of 1,855 cases. The survey included demographic data, various clinical information, and a series of screening and questionnaire assessments.

Results

The current depressive group scored lower on the MoCA than the non-depressive group (t=8.86, P<0.01). The research group scored lower on the MoCA than the elevated and minimal risk group (F=11.98, P<0.01). The depression-unremitted group scored lower than the depression-remitted group (t=6.44, P<0.01). The Analysis indicated that males, with better life quality, poor early psychological status and, and longer education were associated with higher MoCA scores. Conversely, older age, rural residency, employment, current depression, and poor marital were associated with lower MoCA scores.

Conclusion

Individuals with depression commonly suffer cognitive impairment, which tends to partially improve as depression remits. Individual cognitive function is influenced by early psychological health, depressive status, quality of life, age, sex, educational level, residence, occupational, and marital status.
The effect of major depressive disorder comorbidity on ischemia-modified albumin levels, a marker of oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense system in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Zengil Sertaç , Laloğlu Esra
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the levels of oxidant and antioxidant markers in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to investigate whether these levels change in the presence of major depressive disorder (MDD) comorbidity.

Methods

This study was completed with 23 OCD patients with MDD comorbidity (OCD+MDD), 21 OCD patients without MDD comorbidity (OCD-MDD) and 21 healthy controls. Oxidative stress levels of the cases’ were determined by ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements and antioxidant levels were determined by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) measurements. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and unpaired Student’s t-test were used to compare the study groups. Post hoc Bonferroni test was used for the degree of significance between groups, and repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to investigate the effect of age and gender.

Results

IMA and MDA levels were significantly higher in the OCD group compared to the control group, and SOD, CAT and GSH-Px levels were lower in the OCD group compared to the control group (p<0.01). IMA levels were significantly higher in the OCD+MDD group compared to the OCD-MDD group, while SOD, CAT and GSH-Px levels were significantly lower in the OCD+MDD group compared to the OCD-MDD group (p<0101). MDA levels were significantly higher in the OCD+MDD group compared to the OCD-MDD group (p=0.009). When the entire OCD patient group was examined, significant, powerful, positive correlations were observed between Y-BOCS and HDRS scores and IMA and MDA, and significant powerful negative correlations between Y-BOCS and HDRS scores and SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px (p<0.001 for all). In OCD+MDD group, oxidative stress markers increased significantly in parallel with the severity of depression, while antioxidant levels decreased (p=0.003 for IMA, p<0.001 for others).

Conclusions

We believe that parameters indicating impaired oxidant/antioxidant balance in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder may help to elucidate the cause of the disease and may be potentially useful biomarkers in the diagnosis and determination of the severity of comorbid MDD.
The factors influencing waste management for economic development—the perspective of Nelson Mandela bay municipality residents
Authors: Mngomezulu Sibongangani , Mbanga Sijekula , Adeniran Adeleye
Published: October 2024

The rapid increase in volume and variety of solid waste as a result of continuous economic growth, urbanization, and industrialization has become an intractable problem for the public and private sectors, making it difficult to ensure effective and sustainable waste management. The study sought to understand the perspective of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipal residents on their perceived influence of municipal waste management on economic development. The study used a quantitative techniques approach, with a structured questionnaire. Data was collected from 255 respondents. The quantitative question aimed to determine if the influence was positive or negative, and the Likert scale question had a scale of 1 to 5. This research identified various types of waste, assessed challenges, and evaluated waste's potential for resource creation. The study concluded that municipal waste includes organic, paper, plastic, metal, glass, food, garden, hazardous, construction, demolition, and non-recyclable waste. Environmental pollution is a major challenge, and 26 factors positively influence waste to wealth. Waste to wealth can be achieved through social behavior, education/knowledge, MSWM governance, and economic feasibility for MSWM. The research also highlighted the importance of land attributes, budget allocation, trained personnel, and government regulations. The framework proposed aims to minimize urban poverty while preserving the environment and supporting the present urban economy. Urban communities can utilize solid waste management as a mechanism to foster economic development. The fundamental question is whether stakeholders will continue to ignore waste's potential demands and benefits for urban economic growth.
Research on the evolutionary game of government and enterprises in carbon emission reduction under multi-market coordinated trading
Authors: Guo Wei , Meng Tao , Piao Zheyong , Chen Yian , Liu Hao , Xu Daming , Meng Fanyan , Wang Xin , Han Jieping , Yan Jing , Yang Xiaolong , Li Jiaqi , Ge Zeqi
Published: October 2024

The three primary markets for carbon emission reduction trading are green certificate, green power, and carbon emission right markets. This paper suggests utilizing game theory to analyze the behaviors of government and enterprises in multi-market synergistic trading. The main participants in the game are the government, electricity consuming enterprises, traditional power generators, and new energy power generators. The game model will be simulated using system dynamics, and recommendations and measures will be proposed. The findings indicate that: (1) the government's ultimate strategy is to “act” when the losses resulting from government inaction exceed the gains from government action. (2) Behavioral evolution is consistent when market participants refrain from adjusting their cost inputs in response to fluctuations in market prices. (3) The market price is not as high as possible, but too high a price inhibits emission reduction. The behavioral evolution of carbon emission reduction in multiple markets is revealed in this study, which is of great importance in the promotion of carbon emission reduction.
Bleeding complications related to external ventricular drainage placement in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a single-center study
Authors: Tang Yue , Zhong Xiangping , Lin Tingting , Zuo Fujun , Fu Min , Wang Li , Yu Xiaodu , Liu Dong , Zhang Jincan
Published: October 2024

Objective

Acute aneurysmal rupture can be treated with endovascular therapy or surgical clipping. For patients with concurrent acute hydrocephalus, the placement of an external ventricular drainage (EVD) is required. This study aims to investigate the impact of pre-treatment EVD placement on rebleeding in ruptured aneurysms and to examine the influence of dual antiplatelet therapy and the sequencing of dual antiplatelet therapy with EVD placement on EVD-related hematomas.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical data of 83 patients with ruptured aneurysms who underwent EVD placement from a total of 606 aneurysm patients consecutively admitted between January 2018 and January 2023. The analysis focused on the impact of pre-treatment EVD placement on aneurysmal rebleeding and the effect of dual antiplatelet therapy and its sequencing with EVD placement on EVD-related hematomas.

Results

Among the 503 patients with ruptured aneurysms, 83 required EVD placement. EVD was placed before aneurysm treatment in 63 patients and after treatment in 20 patients. The number of aneurysmal rebleeding cases in the pre-treatment EVD group and non-EVD group was 1 (1.6%) and 20 (4.8%), respectively (p = 0.406). 31 patients (37.3%) underwent stent-assisted embolization or flow diversion requiring dual antiplatelet therapy, while 52 patients (62.7%) underwent simple embolization or surgical clipping without antiplatelet therapy. EVD-related hematomas occurred in 14 patients (16.9%), with 10 cases (32.3%) in those receiving dual antiplatelet therapy and 4 cases (7.7%) in those not receiving antiplatelet therapy (p = 0.01). Among 16 patients who had EVD placed before dual antiplatelet therapy, 4 (25%) developed EVD-related hematomas. Of the 15 patients who had EVD placed after dual antiplatelet therapy, 6 (40%) developed EVD-related hematomas (p = 0.458).

Conclusion

In patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and acute hydrocephalus, the placement of EVD before aneurysm treatment does not increase the risk of rebleeding. However, dual antiplatelet therapy increases the risk of EVD-related hematoma, and the sequence of EVD placement relative to dual antiplatelet therapy does not appear to significantly affect the outcome of EVD-related hematoma.
Radiological evaluation of fusion patterns after Lateral Lumbar Interbody fusion with 3D-printed porous titanium cages vs. conventional titanium cages
Authors: Velluto Calogero , Mundis Gregory , Scaramuzzo Laura , Perna Andrea , Capece Giacomo , Cruciani Andrea , Inverso Michele , Borruto Maria Ilaria , Proietti Luca
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The assessment of segmental fusion after Lateral Lumbar Interbody fusion (LLIF) using 3D-printed porous titanium cage is still not well studied. Various criteria, such as the presence of bone bridges (BB) between adjacent vertebrae, serve as indicators for anterior fusion. However, limited radiological studies have investigated zygapophyseal joints (ZJ) status following LLIF with porous titanium cages vs. conventional titanium threaded cages. The porous design of the latest titanium intervertebral cages is thought to enhance the bone-to-implant fusion rate. This radiological study aimed to compare the fusion patterns post-LLIF using 3D-printed porous titanium cages against those using threaded titanium cages. This radiological study aimed to compare the fusion patterns after LLIF using 3D-printed porous titanium cages against those using threaded titanium cages.

Material and methods

This retrospective, single-center radiological study involved 135 patients who underwent LLIF and posterior percutaneous screw fixation for degenerative spondylolisthesis. The study included 51 patients (Group A) with the novel porous titanium cages and 84 patients (Group B) with conventional threaded titanium cages. Inclusion criteria mandated complete radiological data and a minimum follow-up period of 24 months. The study evaluated intervertebral bone bridges (BB) for anterior fusion and zygapophyseal joints (ZJ) ankylotic degeneration, based on Pathria et al., as evidence of posterior fusion and segmental immobilization.

Results

Two years after surgery, intervertebral BB were identified in 83 segments (94.31%) in Group A and in 87 segments (88.77%) in Group B. ZJ Pathria grade I was observed in 2 segments (2.27%) of Group A and in 4 segments (4.08%) of Group B. Grade II was seen in 5 segments (5.68%) of Group A and in 6 segments (6.12%) of Group B. Posterior fusion, classified as grade III, was found in 81 segments (92.04%) of Group A and 88 segments (89.79%) of Group B. Subsidence incidence was 5.88% (3 segments) for the novel cage and 9.88% (8 segments) for the conventional cage.

Conclusions

The architecture of porous titanium cages offers a promising solution for increasing bone ingrowth and bridging space, supporting successful spinal fusion while minimizing the risk of subsidence.
Of potential new treatment targets and polythetic approach in meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: a review
Authors: Nessler Jasmin N. , Tipold Andrea
Published: October 2024

Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) represents an umbrella term for inflammatory, non-infectious central nervous system (CNS) diseases in dogs. Current therapeutic approaches, involving long-term glucocorticosteroid use, often fail to provide adequate relief or cure, and the effectiveness of additional immunosuppressive medications remains uncertain. Future advancements in MUO treatment may benefit from patient-specific therapies, potentially enhancing treatment precision, efficacy, and minimizing side effects. However, significant challenges impede this progress, including ambiguity in MUO subtype classification, uncertainties regarding the autoimmune nature vs. infectious triggers, and the lack of reliable diagnostic biomarkers. Clinical heterogeneity and overlapping signs with other encephalopathies further complicate diagnosis and treatment. This review gives an overview about diagnostic findings and immunological features of MUO. It advocates for a more overall characterization of MUO by using a polythetic system to better characterize MUO subtypes, identify immunological treatment targets, and establish a conceptual foundation for future therapeutic trials. Addressing these themes may lead to more effective and less burdensome treatments, improving the quality of life for dogs afflicted with MUO and their owners.
Enrichments Adjusted to the Number of Litters: Simple Approach to Improve the Welfare of Weaned Piglets under Farm Conditions
Authors: Kuri Nejc , Skok Janko , Škorjanc Dejan , Prevolnik Povše Maja
Published: October 2024

Environmental enrichment is one of the methods used to reduce conflicts at weaning, which erupt when mixing unknown litters and are known to negatively affect growth and welfare of piglets. Here we aimed to test a simple approach of increasing the amount of existing enrichment objects to mitigate post-weaning aggression. The experiment comprised ten groups of piglets (five controls, five tests) with 3–4 litters weaned in each of them. In the control group, a red hanging plastic object (biting ring) and a piece of spruce wood (7 cm × 7 cm × 30 cm) were used for enrichment. In the test group, the enrichment was multiplied according to the number of weaned litters (one toy and one piece of wood was provided per each mixed litter). On days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 after weaning, behaviours (negative social behaviours, pen equipment-directed and enrichment-directed behaviours) and injuries (on different parts of the body, tail lesions, lameness) were recorded. On day 21 after weaning, the overall welfare status of the piglets was assessed using the Welfare Quality® protocol for pigs. A significant (4-fold) increase in the enrichment-directed behaviours was observed in the test group (p < 0.001). Consequently, there were 3.5 times fewer negative social behaviours (p < 0.001), 38–52% fewer injuries on different body parts (p < 0.001) and higher overall welfare status of the piglets in the test group. Adjusting enrichment to the number of weaned litters proved to be an effective solution to reduce aggression at weaning and improve piglets’ welfare. The study provides important information on the use of enrichment material in commercial weaner pens and demonstrates the possibility of significantly improving pig welfare with low effort, input and cost.
Photophysiological and Oxidative Responses of the Symbiotic Estuarine Anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica to the Impact of UV Radiation and Salinity: Field and Laboratory Approaches
Authors: Cruces Edgardo , Cubillos Víctor M. , Ramírez-Kushel Eduardo , Montory Jaime A. , Mardones Daniela A. , Chaparro Oscar R. , Paredes Francisco J. , Echeverría-Pérez Ignacio , Salas-Yanquin Luis P. , Büchner-Miranda Joseline A.
Published: October 2024

The estuarine anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica and its symbiont Philozoon anthopleurum are continuously exposed to intense fluctuations in solar radiation and salinity owing to tidal changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the tidal cycle, solar radiation, and salinity fluctuations on the photosynthetic and cellular responses (lipid peroxidation, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity) of the symbiont complex over a 24 h period in the Quempillén River Estuary. Additionally, laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the specific photobiological responses to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and salinity. Our field results showed that the photosynthetic parameters of the symbiont complex decreased with increasing ambient radiation; however, no relationship was observed with changes in salinity. Increased peroxidative damage, total phenolic compound levels, and antioxidant activity were mainly related to increased UVR and, to a lesser extent, PAR. During the dark period, only PAR-exposed organisms returned to the basal levels of photosynthesis and cell damage. Laboratory exposure confirmed the deleterious effects of UVR on the photosynthetic response. The present study suggests that the ability of A. hermaphroditica to acclimate to natural radiation stress is mediated by the concerted action of various physiological mechanisms that occur at different times of the day, under varying levels of environmental stress.
The Effects of Air Quality and the Impact of Climate Conditions on the First COVID-19 Wave in Wuhan and Four European Metropolitan Regions
Authors: Tautan Marina , Zoran Maria , Radvan Roxana , Savastru Dan , Tenciu Daniel , Stanciu Alexandru
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the impact of air quality and climate variability during the first wave of COVID-19 associated with accelerated transmission and lethality in Wuhan in China and four European metropolises (Milan, Madrid, London, and Bucharest). For the period 1 January–15 June 2020, including the COVID-19 pre-lockdown, lockdown, and beyond periods, this study used a synergy of in situ and derived satellite time-series data analyses, investigating the daily average inhalable gaseous pollutants ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter in two size fractions (PM2.5 and PM10) together with the Air Quality Index (AQI), total Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm, and climate variables (air temperature at 2 m height, relative humidity, wind speed, and Planetary Boundary Layer height). Applied statistical methods and cross-correlation tests involving multiple datasets of the main air pollutants (inhalable PM2.5 and PM10 and NO2), AQI, and aerosol loading AOD revealed a direct positive correlation with the spread and severity of COVID-19. Like in other cities worldwide, during the first-wave COVID-19 lockdown, due to the implemented restrictions on human-related emissions, there was a significant decrease in most air pollutant concentrations (PM2.5, PM10, and NO2), AQI, and AOD but a high increase in ground-level O3 in all selected metropolises. Also, this study found negative correlations of daily new COVID-19 cases (DNCs) with surface ozone level, air temperature at 2 m height, Planetary Boundary PBL heights, and wind speed intensity and positive correlations with relative humidity. The findings highlight the differential impacts of pandemic lockdowns on air quality in the investigated metropolises.
DNA Methylation as a Molecular Mechanism of Carcinogenesis in World Trade Center Dust Exposure: Insights from a Structured Literature Review
Authors: Tuminello Stephanie , Durmus Nedim , Snuderl Matija , Chen Yu , Shao Yongzhao , Reibman Joan , Arslan Alan A. , Taioli Emanuela
Published: October 2024

The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) buildings in New York City generated a large plume of dust and smoke. WTC dust contained human carcinogens including metals, asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins), and benzene. Excess levels of many of these carcinogens have been detected in biological samples of WTC-exposed persons, for whom cancer risk is elevated. As confirmed in this structured literature review (n studies = 80), all carcinogens present in the settled WTC dust (metals, asbestos, benzene, PAHs, POPs) have previously been shown to be associated with DNA methylation dysregulation of key cancer-related genes and pathways. DNA methylation is, therefore, a likely molecular mechanism through which WTC exposures may influence the process of carcinogenesis.
Blast Transformation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Driven by Acquisition of t(8;21)(q22;q22)/RUNX1::RUNX1T1: Selecting Optimal Treatment Based on Clinical and Molecular Findings
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez Adolfo , Hernández-Sánchez Alberto , De Ramón Cristina , Chillón María-Carmen , Vidriales María Belén , Baile-González Mónica , Fuentes-Morales Cristina-Teresa , Sierra-Pacho Magdalena , López-Corral Lucía , Sánchez-Guijo Fermín
Published: October 2024

The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has changed the natural history of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and the transformation from the chronic phase to the blast phase (BP) is currently an uncommon situation. However, it is one of the major remaining challenges in the management of this disease, as it is associated with dismal outcomes. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman with a history of CML with poor response to imatinib who progressed to myeloid BP-CML, driven by the acquisition of t(8;21)(q22;q22)/RUNX1::RUNX1T1. The patient received intensive chemotherapy and dasatinib, followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, she suffered an early relapse after allo-HSCT with the acquisition of the T315I mutation in ABL1. Ponatinib and azacitidine were started as salvage treatment, allowing for the achievement of complete remission with deep molecular response after five cycles. Advances in the knowledge of disease biology and clonal evolution are crucial for optimal treatment selection, which ultimately translates into better patient outcomes.
Altered PLCβ/IP3/Ca2+ Signaling Pathway Activated by GPRCs in Olfactory Neuronal Precursor Cells Derived from Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia
Authors: Sánchez-Florentino Zuly A. , Romero-Martínez Bianca S. , Flores-Soto Edgar , Montaño Luis M. , Sommer Bettina , Valdés-Tovar Marcela , Argueta Jesús , Calixto Eduardo , Aquino-Gálvez Arnoldo , Castillejos-López Manuel , Serrano Héctor , Gomez-Verjan Juan C. , López-Riquelme Germán O. , Benítez-King Gloria A. , Jaimez Ruth , Solís-Chagoyán Héctor
Published: October 2024

Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a multifactorial chronic psychiatric disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 1%. Altered expression of PLCβ occurs in SZ patients, suggesting alterations in the PLCβ/IP3/Ca2+ signaling pathway. This cascade regulates critical cellular processes in all cell types, including the neuronal lineage; however, there is scarce evidence regarding the functionality of this transduction signaling in neuronal cells derived from SZ patients. Objective: We evaluated the functionality of the PLCβ/IP3/Ca2+ pathway in olfactory neuronal precursor cells (hONPCs) obtained from SZ patients. Methods: Cryopreserved hONPCs isolated from SZ patients and healthy subjects (HS) were thawed. The cellular types in subcultures were corroborated by immunodetection of the multipotency and lineage markers SOX-2, Musashi-1, nestin, and β-III tubulin. The PLCβ/IP3/Ca2+ pathway was activated by GPCR (Gq) ligands (ATP, UTP, serotonin, and epinephrine). In addition, PLCβ and IP3R were directly stimulated by perfusing cells with the activators m-3M3FBS and ADA, respectively. Cytosolic Ca2+ was measured by microfluorometry and by Ca2+ imaging. The amount and subcellular distribution of the PLCβ1 and PLCβ3 isoforms were evaluated by confocal immunofluorescence. IP3 concentration was measured by ELISA. Results: The results show that the increase of cytosolic Ca2+ triggered by GPCR ligands or directly through either PLCβ or IP3R activation was significantly lower in SZ-derived hONPCs, regarding HS-derived cells. Moreover, the relative amount of the PLCβ1 and PLCβ3 isoforms and IP3 production stimulated with m-3M3FBS were reduced in SZ-derived cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest an overall functional impairment in the PLCβ/IP3/Ca2+ signaling pathway in SZ-derived hONPCs.
Intestinal Region-Dependent Impact of NFκB-Nrf Crosstalk in Myenteric Neurons and Adjacent Muscle Cells in Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Barta Bence Pál , Onhausz Benita , Egyed-Kolumbán Abigél , AL Doghmi Afnan , Balázs János , Szalai Zita , Ferencz Ágnes , Hermesz Edit , Bagyánszki Mária , Bódi Nikolett
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Type 1 diabetes affects cytokines as potential inducers of NFκB signalling involved in inflammation and neuronal survival. Our goal was to assess the expression of NFκB p65 and its negative regulator, Nrf2, in myenteric neurons and adjacent smooth muscle of different gut segments after chronic hyperglycaemia and immediate insulin treatment. Methods: After ten weeks of hyperglycaemia, intestinal samples of control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats were prepared for fluorescent immunohistochemistry, immunogold electron microscopy, ELISA and qPCR. Results: In the diabetic rats, the proportion of NFκB p65-immunoreactive myenteric neurons decreased significantly in the duodenum and increased in the ileum. The density of NFκB p65-labelling gold particles increased in the ileal but remained unchanged in the duodenal ganglia. Meanwhile, both total and nuclear Nrf2 density increased in the myenteric neurons of the diabetic duodenum. In smooth muscle, NFκB p65 and Nrf2 density increased in the small intestine of diabetic rats. While on the mRNA level, NFκB p65 and Nrf2 were induced, on the protein level, NFκB p65 increased and Nrf2 decreased in muscle/myenteric plexus homogenates. Insulin treatment had protective effects. Conclusions: Our findings reveal a segment-specific NFκB and Nrf expression in myenteric neurons and ganglionic muscular environments, which may contribute to regional neuronal survival and motility disturbances in diabetes.
Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of High-Grade Cultural Heritage in the Region Surrounding Mount Song
Authors: Wei Feng , Sun Chang , Ma Jiaming
Published: October 2024

Situated in central China, the region surrounding Mount Song is a pivotal area within the Central Plains, renowned for its extensive and high-grade cultural heritage. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of this heritage using advanced spatial pattern analysis methods, including the Average Nearest Neighbor Ratio and Kernel Density Estimation within ArcGIS. Our findings reveal a distinct continuity in temporal distribution and a pronounced clustering in spatial terms. By investigating the underlying factors such as the geographical setting, historical political capitals, cultural and religious influences, water transportation systems, and traditional Fengshan ceremonies, this research elucidates the dynamics shaping this distribution. This study’s outcomes provide essential insights for policymakers and stakeholders involved in the protection and revitalization of cultural heritage, ensuring informed decision making for sustainable cultural conservation.
Analyzing the Impact of Interior Public Space on User Satisfaction in Shopping Malls Using Virtual Reality Simulation Experiments
Authors: Zhang Zhengwei , Fei Teng , Wang Kun
Published: October 2024

The growth in per capita consumption levels and the e-commerce industry have shifted the shopping mall model from a product consumption to a time-based consumption focus. This paper evaluates customer satisfaction with shopping malls using an importance–performance questionnaire, which identified eight key areas for improvement. Through field surveys and virtual reality (VR) simulation experiments, the impact of the components of public spaces within shopping malls on user satisfaction was assessed using both quantifiable and unquantifiable elements. Our findings inform the formulation of optimization design strategies in the areas of multipurpose functionality of facilities, intensification of boundaries, complexity of functions, and integration of resources, and have implications for the future design of internal public spaces in shopping malls.
Micro–Macro-Analysis and Model Derivation of Electrical Resistivity of Ningxia Cement–Loess
Authors: Xue Zhijia , Deng Qiquan , Gao Jianqiang , Zhang Ying , Zhang Ziwei , Yan Changgen , Wang Jie , Han Fangyuan , Li Longshan , Ma Yongzhi
Published: October 2024

In recent years, highway infrastructure in the Ningxia region of China has rapidly advanced. Cement–loess is extensively utilized in the roadbed and foundation reinforcement. It is necessary to conduct micro–macro-analysis and model derivation of the electrical resistivity on Ningxia cement–loess, which are beneficial for both the practical application of electrical resistivity and the evaluation of the geotechnical properties of cement–loess. Therefore, a series of electrical resistivity measurements, microstructural observations (scanning electron microscopy), mineral analyses (thermogravimetric analysis), and theoretical analyses were adopted on the cement–loess. The following conclusions can be drawn: The electrical resistivity is negatively related to dry density and water content, while it is positively related to cement dosage and curing age. A cement dosage of 6% exhibits a lower hydration reaction potential compared to 12%, causing a slower increase in electrical resistivity. The formation of calcium silicate gel around particles results in particle clustering and pore filling, reducing the pore area and increasing electrical resistivity. Increased hydration also decreases microscopic orientation, contributing to a higher electrical resistivity of cement–loess. Finally, a new three-dimensional electrical resistivity model was created, finding that the electrical resistivity of Ningxia cement–loess was determined by the dry density, water content (ρd·w), cement dosage, and curing age (aw·T) in an exponential function form. The new three-dimensional electrical resistivity model could be used in the high-efficiency evaluation of the cement–loess geotechnical parameter, offering valuable insights for the monitoring and maintenance of road infrastructure.
Lithium Niobate Perovskite as the Support for Silver Nanoparticles for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Glucose
Authors: Piñón-Balderrama Claudia Ivone , Manríquez-Tristán Atenea , Maldonado-Orozco María Cristina , Hernández-Escobar Claudia Alejandra , Reyes-López Simón Yobanny , Espinosa-Cristobal León Francisco , Zaragoza-Contreras Erasto Armando
Published: October 2024

Lithium niobate perovskite and silver nanoparticle-based nanocomposites (LNB:AgNPs) were explored for developing an electrochemical glucose sensor. The perovskite to silver nanoparticle ratios investigated were 4:1, 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, and 1:4. Among these, the 4:1 ratio, with the lowest silver content, demonstrated the most stable performance during glucose quantification via amperometry. The sensor’s response was evaluated measuring the current at a fixed potential of 0.7 V following the injection of 1 mM glucose with each addition. The calibration curve obtained from the recorded data exhibited a linear response within the 1 to 15 mM glucose concentration range, achieving a sensitivity of 2 μA/mM, a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.997), and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 µM. The LNB4:1AgNP composite allowed taking advantage of the unique properties of both components in a balanced manner, maximizing the sensor performance in practical applications.
Anti-Corrosion and Wave-Absorbing Properties of Epoxy-Based Coatings on Q235 Steel
Authors: Zhang Rehan , Yang Kai , Dang Bo , Zhan Mengling , Zhang Pingze , Li Shuqin
Published: October 2024

Carbon nanotube/epoxy resin (CNE) coatings and carbon nanotube/carboxy iron powder/epoxy resin (CIE) coatings were applied on the surface of Q235 steel, and their corrosion, absorption properties and other characteristics were measured in this work. The results indicate that the average thickness of a single application was approximately 400 μm, and the surface of the CNE coating was still smooth and intact after a 3000 h copper ion accelerated salt spray test without bubbles, falling off or other corrosion phenomena. The same was true for 28 days of full immersion in solutions of 10% hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) of the coating. The electrochemical testing exhibited the corrosion current of the CNE coating as being markedly lower than that of Q235 steel, with a protection efficiency of 81.68% for the Q235 steel. The CNE-0.6 coating had the maximum corrosion voltage (−0.390 V), and the CNE-0.3 coating had the minimum corrosion current of 2.07 × 10−6 A·cm2. The adhesion between the coating and Q235 could reach level 0, and the tensile strength of the coating was up to 18.75 MPa. The coating was observed to remain intact and free from detachment upon undergoing a drop test from a height of 50 cm. In addition, the CIE-0.6 coating exhibited an effective absorption band of 9.1 GHz, covering the range from 8.2 to 13.7 GHz, and it achieved a maximum reflection loss of −15.1 dB at a frequency of 8.6 GHz.
Investigating the Inhibitory Effect of Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans Extracts on Iron Corrosion in 1.00 mol L−1 HCl Solution
Authors: Melyon Stacy , Reig Rodrigo Pau , Sénard Manon , Brelle Laura , Sylvestre Muriel , Gaspard Sarra , Valencia Drochss Pettry , Cebrian-Torrejon Gerardo
Published: October 2024

This study deals with the efficacy of extracts of Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans, an invasive brown algae present in Guadeloupe, as novel and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for iron in 1 mol L−1 hydrochloric acid solutions. Six different Sargassum extracts (SE) were obtained using Soxhlet extraction with ethyl acetate, acetone, and ethanol, respectively, as solvents; cold successive maceration with chloroform and methanol, respectively; and microwave-assisted extraction with water. Subsequent electrochemical analysis showed that extracts from ethanol and ethyl acetate exhibited remarkable inhibition efficiencies of, respectively, 72.6% and 70.2%, but the better one was the extract of the cold maceration from chloroform with an inhibition efficiency of 92.0%. These findings allow us to focus on the chloroform extract (SEd) in order to see the change happening during the corrosion process via SEM and EDX analyses. Also, NMR analysis was conducted to identify the main chemicals responsible for the anticorrosion effect. The successful demonstration of the corrosion inhibitor effectiveness of extracts of Sargassum natans and fluitans suggests a potentially valuable use for this invasive biomass. These encouraging results warrant further investigation to identify and elucidate the active inhibitors in these extracts to deepen our understanding of their mechanisms for corrosion prevention and potentially expand their utility as an environmentally conscious approach to corrosion control.
Development of a Topical Cream from the Ethanolic of Agave sisalana Residues with Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Properties
Authors: Fracasso Júlia Amanda Rodrigues , Takahashi Myriam Emiko , da Costa Luísa Taynara Silvério , Barbosa Debora Barros , Soares Bruno Araújo , Pereira Martins Wellington Ricardo , Zoppe Natália Alves , Marques Joana , Marques Maria P. M. , da Silva Aida Moreira , Barroca Maria João , Ximenes Valdecir Farias , Ribeiro-Paes João Tadeu , dos Santos Lucinéia
Published: October 2024

Brazil is the largest producer in the world of the species Agave sisalana, sisal. The residue of the sisal, which is the result of the extraction of fibers from its leaves, represents 95% of its weight. Considering that sisal leaves have high concentrations of sapogenins and aiming at a future phytotherapeutic, in this study, the alcoholic fraction of sisal, AFS, was developed, and the sapogenins were characterized. In vitro, the cytotoxicity (MTT) and the anti-inflammatory effect of AFS (phagocytosis and hemolysis inhibition) were evaluated. In vivo, the analgesic (formalin test—FT) and anti-inflammatory (paw edema test—PET) activities of AFS, orally, and the cream containing AFS, topical, were analyzed. The results demonstrated that AFS contains hecogenin and tigogenin and is not cytotoxic. In vitro, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL of AFS showed anti-inflammatory activity similar to the positive control (PC). In the FT, the dose of 25 mg/kg did not differ from the PC in the neurogenic phase (p > 0.05). In the PET, 25 and 50 mg/kg of AFS differed from the negative control (NC) (p < 0.05), and the cream with AFS (5 mg/g) showed activity similar to the PC. The therapeutic activities of AFS probably result from sapogenins. In the future, we expect to develop an anti-inflammatory from the thousands of tons of sisal waste discarded in Brazil.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Extracts in Cosmetics: A Review of Bioactive Properties for Skin and Hair Wellness
Authors: Batovska Daniela , Gerasimova Anelia , Nikolova Krastena
Published: October 2024

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), native to Southern Asia, stands out for its significant nutritional and therapeutic properties. Its adaptability and resilience have enabled its global cultivation, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive scientific research to fully harness its potential. Rich in bioactive compounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, vitamin C, polysaccharides, tannins, and saponins, jujube extracts exhibit notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. These qualities have made jujube a popular ingredient in various skin and hair care formulations. The versatility of jujube extracts, along with their synergy with other herbal active ingredients, enables the development of targeted personal care solutions. These solutions address a range of concerns, including anti-aging, UV protection, brightening, moisturizing, and calming effects, as well as promoting hair health. Despite its potential, research on the cosmetic applications of Z. jujuba is still in its early stages, with only one clinical trial to date focusing on its skin-brightening effects. This review aims to consolidate the current and emerging research on the applications of jujube in conventional and medical cosmetics, highlighting its potential in enhancing skin and hair wellness. By providing a comprehensive overview, it seeks to pave the way for further studies and innovations in utilizing jujube for personal care.
Metazoan Parasites of Antimora rostrata (Günther, 1878) (Gadiformes: Moridae) from the Deep Sea in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Ñacari Luis A. , Escribano Ruben , Oliva Marcelo E.
Published: October 2024

A total of 127 specimens of the “Blue Antimora” Antimora rostrata (Günther, 1878) were obtained from 2015 to 2019 as bycatch from the artisanal fishery of the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides (Smitt, 1898)) at depths between 1000 and 2200 m in Northern Chile (app. 22° S 70° W). All individuals were examined for parasites. A total of seventeen parasite taxa, two Copepoda, two Monogenea, seven Digenea, three Nematoda, and three Cestoda, were found, and twelve taxa were found as adults while five taxa were found at the larval stage. Anisakis sp. (Nematoda) and Trypanorhyncha gen. sp. (Cestoda) were the predominant species with a prevalence of 53.5% and 11.8%, respectively. The high prevalence of Anisakis sp. (>50%) suggests that A. rostrata may play a significant role in the life cycle of Anisakis sp. in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. The detected parasite community, consisting predominantly of parasites from pelagic environments rather than benthopelagic, suggests that A. rostrata may fulfill a crucial role as a predator of pelagic organism communities. Additionally, it may undertake vertical migrations in the southeastern Pacific Ocean.
Pneumonia-Related Hospitalizations among the Elderly: A Retrospective Study in Northeast Italy
Authors: Cocchio Silvia , Cozzolino Claudia , Furlan Patrizia , Cozza Andrea , Tonon Michele , Russo Francesca , Saia Mario , Baldo Vincenzo
Published: October 2024

Background: In both the elderly and children, pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of hospitalization. This study aimed to assess the impact of pneumonia-related hospitalizations in the population over 65 years of age in the Veneto Region. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed hospital discharge records for patients aged 65 and older who resided in the Veneto Region and had a diagnosis of pneumonia from 2007 to 2023. The hospitalizations were identified using specific ICD-9-CM codes for pneumonia as a discharge diagnosis. Hospitalization rates, mortality rates, the prevalence of complications and comorbidities, the length of stay, and associated costs were calculated by age and year. Results: From 2007 to 2023, there were 139,201 hospitalizations for pneumonia. Emergency admissions accounted for 92.1% of these cases, and only 2.0% had a specific diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. The median length of stay was 10 days, and the median diagnosis-related group (DRG) tariff per hospitalization was EUR 3307. Excluding the pandemic years, the hospitalization rates remained stable at approximately 850 cases per 100,000 inhabitants before 2019. After 2022, the rates started to increase again. Overall, in the investigated period, the results showed a negative trend (average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) of −1.931, p < 0.0001). However, when only considering the pre-pandemic years, the trend was stable, while a decline was observed starting in 2020 (AAPC of −19.697, p = 0.001). The overall discharge mortality rates ranged from 13% to 19.3% but were significantly higher in those over 85 years of age (20.6% compared with 6.5% and 12.0% in the 65–74 and 75–84 age groups, respectively). Conclusions: This study highlights the substantial burden of pneumonia in individuals over 65 years of age, showing the impacts on public health.
Research Priorities in Neuroeducation: Exploring the Views of Early Career Neuroscientists and Educators
Authors: Le Cunff Anne-Laure , Wood Hannah C. , Kis-Herczegh Petra , Dommett Eleanor J.
Published: October 2024

The field of neuroeducation, which integrates neuroscience findings into educational practice, has gained significant attention in recent years. Establishing research priorities in neuroeducation is crucial for guiding future studies and ensuring that the field benefits both neuroscience and education. This study aimed to address the need for collaboration between neuroscientists and educators by conducting a priority-setting exercise with early career professionals from both fields. Using the nominal group technique (NGT) with interquartile range (IQR) analysis, we identified seven key priorities in neuroeducation and assessed the level of consensus on these priorities. The top-ranked priorities were “Emotional and Mental Well-being”, “Neurodiversity and Special Education Needs”, and “Active and Inclusive Teaching Methods”, though IQR analysis revealed varying levels of consensus. Lower-ranked priorities, such as “Role of Technology on Learning and the Brain”, showed a higher consensus. This discrepancy between ranking and consensus highlights the complex nature of neuroeducation, reflecting differing perspectives between neuroscientists and educators. These findings suggest the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to bridge these gaps and foster evidence-based practices. We recommend that future research focuses on the specific neural mechanisms underlying emotional well-being, strategies for supporting neurodivergent learners, and practical approaches to integrating inclusive teaching methods in diverse educational contexts.