bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecotoxicity and Toxicity of Nanomaterials with Potential for Wastewater Treatment Applications
Authors: Nogueira Verónica Inês Jesus Oliveira , Gavina Ana , Bouguerra Sirine , Andreani Tatiana , Lopes Isabel , Rocha-Santos Teresa , Pereira Ruth
Published: January 2017

Nanotechnology holds the promise of develop new processes for wastewater treatment. However, it is important to understand what the possible impacts on the environment of NMs. This study joins all the information available about the toxicity and ecotoxicity of NMs to human cell lines and to terrestrial and aquatic biota. Terrestrial species seems more protected, since effects are being recorded for concentrations higher than those that could be expected in the environment. The soil matrix is apparently trapping and filtering NMs. Further studies should focus more on indirect effects in biological communities rather than only on effects at the individual level. Aquatic biota, mainly from freshwater ecosystems, seemed to be at higher risk, since dose effect concentrations recorded were remarkable lower, at least for some NMs. The toxic effects recorded on different culture lines, also give rise to serious concerns regarding the potential effects on human health. However, few data exists about environmental concentrations to support the calculation of risks to ecosystems and humans.
Sino-Saudi Joint Ventures and Trade in Petrochemical Sector
Authors: Ismail Norafidah
Published: January 2017

The paper seeks to analyse the development of joint investment in the petrochemical projects and the growth of petrochemical trade between the two countries. It will also examine an important issue that has not yet been resolved in the Sino-Saudi petrochemicals trade. Saudi and Chinese companies recorded successful performance in the joint venture petrochemical projects in Quanzhou, Tianjin and Yanbu (Saudi Arabia). The potential cooperation of these firms in Dalian project, however, was affected by the economic policy of the China's government. A serious challenge emerged in the Sino-Saudi petrochemical business when the Chinese government planned to implement unfavourable protectionist policy against some of the world producers and exporters of petrochemicals. At the present, an anti-dumping issue of petrochemical products between the two countries has not yet been resolved.
Influence of Process Parameters on Microstructure of Friction Stir Processed Mg AZ31 Alloy
Authors: Venkateswarlu G. , Davidson M.J. , Tagore G.R.N. , Sammaiah P.
Published: January 2017

Friction stir processing (FSP) has been developed on the principles of friction stir welding (FSW) as an effective and efficien new method for grain refinement and microstructural modification, providing intense plastic deformation as well as higher strain rates than other conventional severe plastic deformation methods. FSP produces an equiaxed homogeneous microstructure consisting of fine grains, resulting in the enhancement of the properties of the material at room temperature. The objective of the present paper is to examine the influence of friction stir processing (FSP) parameters namely tool rotational speed (RS), tool traverse speed (TS) and tool tilt angle (TA) on the microstructures of friction stir processed AZ31B-O magnesium alloy. This investigation has focused on the microstructural changes occurred in the dynamically recrystallised nugget zone/ stir zone and the thermo mechanically affected zone during FSP. The results presented in this work indicate that all the three FSP process parameters have a significant effect on the resulting microstructure and also found that the rotational speed has greatly influenced the homogenization of the material. The grain refinement is higher at intermediate rotational speed (1150 rpm), traverse speed (32 mm / min and tilt angle (10). It is established that FSP can be a good grain refinement method for improving the properties of the material.
EDM Process Parameters Optimization for Al-TiO2 Nano Composite
Authors: Dixit Arvind Kumar , Awasthi Richa
Published: January 2017

Titanium aluminide reinforced aluminium based metal matrix nano composite was prepared by stir casting route. Experiments were conducted with Cu electrode using L9 orthogonal array based on the Taguchi method. Discharge current (Lv), Pulse on time (Ton) and Flushing pressure (FP) are selected to calculate Metal removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR) and Surface roughness (SR) based on Taguchi's parameter design. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratios associated with the observed values in the experiments were determined using MINITAB software for MRR, TWR and SR. PCR – TOPSIS method is used to optimize Taguchi's multi response. Optimum parameter setting is found at Discharge current (Lv) 10 A, Pulse on time (Ton) 150 µs and Flushing pressure (FP) 1 kg/cm2.
Virtual Environments in Materials Science and Engineering
Authors: Vergara D. , Lorenzo M. , Rubio M.P.
Published: January 2017

The use of virtual resources in university teaching is becoming a key issue, especially in engineering degrees where novel virtual environments are being developed. This chapter described a study on the opinions of engineering students with regard to the use of diverse virtual applications in subjects related to Materials Science and Engineering. From 2011 to 2014, engineering students of several universities and diverse nationalities were surveyed regarding their views on using virtual environments in learning. The results presented in this chapter showed that students gave great importance to the use of virtual resources in university teaching but, at the same time, they also considered the presence of the teacher in the classroom to be very essential. The findings also provided the timetable distribution of topics that, according to the students' opinion, should be considered in the subjects of Materials Science, such as master classes, problem solving classes, practical classes in both real and virtual laboratories.
Quasi-SMILES for Nano-QSAR Prediction of Toxic Effect of Al2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Toropova Alla P. , Achary P. Ganga Raju , Toropov Andrey A.
Published: January 2017

The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in wet tissue of different organs is utilized as a measure of toxic effect. The numerical data on the concentration of MDA in wet tissue of liver, kidneys, brain, and heart of rat is examined as the endpoint which are impacted by different dose (mg/kg), exposure time (3 and 14 days) and single oral treatment of aluminium nano-oxide (Al2O3) with 30 nm or 40 nm. An attempt to develop predictive model for this endpoint has been carried out in this work. SMILES is a traditional tool to represent molecular structure for QSPRs/QSARs. In contrast to traditional SMILES, so-called quasi-SMILES can be a tool to build up quantitative features – property / activity relationships (QFPRs/QFARs) for endpoints which are not defined by solely molecular structure, but by a group of physicochemical and/or biochemical conditions. The quasi-SMILES is the representation of the above eclectic conditions whereas the QFPR/QFAR are models of endpoints which are modified under impacts of these eclectic conditions.
Linking Materials Science and Engineering Curriculum to Design and Manufacturing Challenges of the Automotive Industry
Authors: Daver Fugen , Hadgraft Roger
Published: January 2017

Materials engineering applications are becoming more widespread, varied and sophisticated due to advances in science and increasing interdisciplinary cooperation. To be able to impart engineering graduates with the required technical background, educators need to update the course syllabus and the program curriculum continuously. Most importantly, in a world of constant change, educators need to develop the right graduate capabilities in engineering students. This calls for new, innovative teaching approaches to materials education. This chapter demonstrates the authors' teaching approach through the design and development of an Automotive Materials course at postgraduate level in an ‘International Automotive Engineering' program at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia. To elucidate this teaching approach to materials education, the authors discuss in detail the need to impart an up-to-date understanding of new, alternative materials, the development of graduate capabilities, interdisciplinary systems thinking towards materials education, and the environmental sustainability of engineering materials.
The Impact of Nanotechnology on Environment
Authors: Jayavarthanan Rathinasabapathi , Nanda Anima , Bhat M. Amin
Published: January 2017

Nanotechnology is an emerging field that covers a wide range of technologies which are presently under development in nanoscale. It plays a major role in the development of innovative methods to produce new products, to substitute existing production equipment and to reformulate new materials and chemicals with improved performance resulting in less consumption of energy and materials and reduced harm to the environment as well as environmental remediation. The environmental impact of nanotechnology is the possible effects that the use of nanotechnological materials and devices will have on the environment. This impact can be split into two aspects: the potential for nanotechnological innovations to help improve the environment (beneficial part), and the possibly novel type of pollution that nanotechnological materials might cause if released into the environment (harmful part). The nanoparticles can be used an individual product in pure form or as an adjuvant with existing products in order enhance their activities. The beneficial aspects of nanoparticles include water filtration and treatment, green energy synthesis, degradation of plastics, detoxification harmful dyes and chemicals. The harmful aspects consist of unwanted by-products of nanoparticles, effluents of nano industries, etc.
Review of Current and Emerging Approaches for Quantitative Nanostructure-Activity Relationship Modeling
Authors: Sizochenko Natalia , Leszczynski Jerzy
Published: January 2017

Quantitative structure-activity/property relationships (QSAR/QSPR) approaches that have been applied with success in a number of studies are currently used as indispensable tools in the computational analysis of nanomaterials. Evolution of nano-QSAR methodology to the ranks of novel field of knowledge has resulted in the development of new so-called “nano-descriptors” and extension of the statistical approaches domain. This brief review focuses on the critical analysis of advantages and disadvantages of existing methods of nanoparticles' representation and their analysis in framework of structure-activity relationships. It summarizes recent QSAR/QSPR studies on inorganic nanomaterials. Here the authors describe practices for the QSAR modeling of inorganic nanoparticles, existing datasets, and discuss applicable descriptors and future perspectives of this field. About 50 different (Q)SAR/SPR models for inorganic nanomaterials have been developed during the past 5 years. An analysis of these peer reviewed publications shows that the most popular property of nanoparticles modeled via QSAR is their toxicity towards different bacteria, cell lines, and microorganisms. It has been clearly shown how nano-QSAR can contribute to the elucidation of toxicity mechanisms and different physical properties of inorganic nanomaterials.
Advances in Functional Nanocoatings Applied in the Aerospace Industry
Authors: Vargas-Bernal Rafael
Published: January 2017

Surfaces of aerospace components are subjected to heat, water, ice, electromagnetic waves, corrosion, abrasion, wear, thermal shock and/or fire during their lifetime. Materials science and engineering have introduced the use of coatings to protect the surface of the materials under these operating conditions. Materials such as ceramics, polymers, and metals and their combinations either as composites or hybrid materials, as well as functionalized versions of them, have been proposed as different design alternatives. Six different types of coatings can be identified: anti-corrosion, abrasion and wear-resistant, thermal barrier and flame-retardant, conductive, anti-icing, and superhydrophobic. This chapter will review the most important advances in functional nanocoatings, which are being researched and those already used in aerospace applications, as well as the profits that these materials can provide to the surfaces of the components where them are used.
Stratagems of Nanotechnology Augmenting the Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy of Traditional Medicine to Formulate Smart Herbal Drugs Combating
Authors: Margret Anita
Published: January 2017

Mental illness is one of the most fundamental emotional states of conscious being which becomes unbalanced and leads to neurological disorders. It is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and there is a strong desire to devise a remedy. Ayurveda represents a traditional medicine system of India that endorses antiquity than western medicine and relies on formulations rather than their active components. It has categorised a group of herbal medicines to improve mental abilities. Conversely, the mechanistic details of the therapy are not available in ayurvedic literature and there is a need to fortify this system with modern scientific analysis. The design of nanosystems encompasses promising characteristics in the field of drug delivery with a limited dosage thereby decreasing adverse effects. This chapter confers stratagems of devising polymeric nano herbal formulations as smart nano brain drugs to espouse mental health.
Metacognition in Higher Education
Authors: Railean Elena
Published: January 2017

Globalization forces Higher Education to adopt metacognition towards successful learning strategies for teacher training, students' learning and content(s) development. Researchers and practitioners use metacognition to study principles of educational system(s), learning environment(s), open content(s), and all possible processes (e.g. metacognitive, psycho-motoric, didactic, assessment etc.). Existing efforts can be divided into three categories: 1) separate strategy and tactics; 2) a holistic integration of strategy in existing successful practices, and 3) frontier research in university pedagogy. This chapter explores the third way. Within the context of the interest in metacognition and successful learning strategies in higher education, the chapter critically explores the 21st century theory and practice of the academic learning and synthesis responses to the following research questions: What is the correlation between theory and practice in Higher Education? What models are required? The conclusion is provided and future research directions are emphasized.
Academic Learning Between Cognition and Metacognition
Authors: Neacsu Ioan
Published: January 2017

The interest towards the quality of school-bound and academic learning in the new formal and informal education environments has significantly increased in modern research data from psychology of education, education sciences and neuro epistemology. Relevant issues consistently pop up on the agenda of international organizations and within the decision makers responsible for the sustainable future of new generations of pupils as well as young people. Learning competency and efficient self-management at EU level paradigm cannot disregard curricular values. Hence, there is a need for examining the current context, the stage reached in the reference domain and in certain prestigious scientific research, whose impact is either direct or indirect on the understanding, valorization, and optimization of pupils' and/or students' learning. The arguments invoked are in connection to the nature of challenges waiting for answers, the quality of certain working hypotheses and the ecological validity of empirical research results.
Investigating the Correlation Between Clicker Usage and Learning Gains in University Mathematics
Authors: King Samuel Olugbenga
Published: January 2017

The first section of this chapter focuses on a review of the literature on the correlation between the use of interactive polling and student learning gains. In the second section, recent research models on pedagogically effective clicker usage are then extended, conceptually, through the application of the Conversational Framework, and in a specific disciplinary context, university mathematics, so as to illuminate the influence of teacher or instructor's practice, and learner's practice, on associated student learning outcomes. Specifically, there is an illustration of how what instructors know and do (Teacher's Ideas and Practice), and what students know and do (Learner's Ideas and Practice), need to undergo iterative adaptive change and practice (Metacognitive Growth), in response to learner needs and the demand of the instructional environment, for there to be corresponding increases in student learning gains.
Importance of Gas Hydrates for India and Characterization of Methane Gas Dissociation in the Krishna-Godavari Basin Reservoir
Authors: Vedachalam Narayanaswamy , Ramesh Sethuraman , Umapathy Arunachalam , Ramadass Gidugu Ananda
Published: January 2017

AbstractNatural gas hydrates are considered to be a strategic unconventional hydrocarbon resource in the Indian energy sector, and thermal stimulation is considered as one of the methods for producing methane from gas hydrate-bearing sediments. This paper discusses the importance
of this abundantly available blue economic resource and analyzes the efficiency of methane gas production by circulating hot water in a horizontal well in the fine-grained, clay-rich natural gas hydrate reservoir in the Krishna-Godavari basin of India. Analysis is done using the electrothermal
finite element analysis software MagNet-ThermNet and gas hydrate reservoir modeling software TOUGH+HYDRATE with reservoir petrophysical properties as inputs. Energy balance studies indicate that, in the 90% hydrate-saturated reservoir, the theoretical energy conversion ratio is 1:4.9, and
for saturations below 20%, the ratio is <1. It is identified that a water flow of 0.2 m3/h at 270°C is required for every 1 m2 of wellhead surface area to dissociate gas hydrates up to a distance of 2.6 m from the well bore within 36 h.
International Mine Action Standard for Addressing Underwater Explosive Ordnance
Authors: Smith Justin O.
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn 2013, the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) responded to international mine action community requests for guidance on underwater survey and clearance of explosive ordnance by agreeing to establish an international mine action standard. The initiative,
led by the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD), resulted in the publication of a United Nations mine action standard, a GICHD best practice guide and on-the-ground assessments of underwater explosive ordnance sites in a dozen countries throughout the globe. This paper
summarizes the GICHD efforts and the diverse challenges with underwater explosive ordnance in order to provide a broad understanding of the nature of the problems and potential solutions.
Terminal Underwater Docking of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Using One Camera and One Light
Authors: Li Dejun , Zhang Tao , Yang Canjun
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study introduces a vision guidance system for the terminal underwater docking of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) using one camera and one light. The configuration of this docking system, including an overview of the AUV and the docking station, is proposed.
A detailed description of the vision guidance system is then provided. Four stages, namely, image acquisition, binarization of the captured images, elimination of noisy luminaries, and estimation of the relative position, constitute the image processing procedure. A tracking control algorithm
based on the position of the dock center in the image coordinate obtained through image processing has been proposed. This algorithm can guide the AUV to the docking station without requiring distance information. A pool trial has been conducted at night to validate the proposed algorithm.
Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the vision guidance system despite the initial lateral deviation of up to 8 m. This paper ends with an analysis of the advantages and defects of this vision guidance system and proposes future works.
Решеточная определяемость некоторых матричных колец
Authors: Korobkov Sergei Samsonovich
Published: January 2017

Пусть $R=M_n(K)$ - кольцо квадратных матриц порядка $n\geqslant 2$ над кольцом $K= \mathbb{Z}/p^k\mathbb{Z}$, где $p$ - простое число, $k\in\mathbb{N}$. Пусть $R'$ - произвольное ассоциативное кольцо. Доказано, что решетки подколец колец $R$ и $R'$ изоморфны тогда и только тогда, когда изоморфны сами кольца $R$ и $R'$. Иными словами, доказана решеточная определяемость кольца матриц $M_n(K)$ в классе всех ассоциативных колец. Доказана также решеточная определяемость кольца, разложимого в прямую (кольцевую) сумму матричных колец. Полученные результаты важны для изучения решеточных изоморфизмов конечных колец.
Библиография: 13 названий.
Quantifying the volatility of organic aerosol in the southeastern US
Authors: Saha Provat K. , Khlystov Andrey , Yahya Khairunnisa , Zhang Yang , Xu Lu , Ng Nga L. , Grieshop Andrew P.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The volatility of organic aerosols (OA) has emerged as a property of primary importance in understanding their atmospheric life cycle, and thus abundance and transport. However, quantitative estimates of the thermodynamic (volatility, water solubility) and kinetic parameters dictating ambient-OA gas-particle partitioning, such as saturation concentrations (C∗), enthalpy of evaporation (ΔHvap), and evaporation coefficient (γe), are highly uncertain. Here, we present measurements of ambient-OA volatility at two sites in the southeastern US, one at a rural setting in Alabama dominated by biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) as part of the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) in June–July 2013, and another at a more anthropogenically influenced urban location in North Carolina during October–November 2013. These measurements applied a dual-thermodenuder (TD) system, in which temperature and residence times are varied in parallel to constrain equilibrium and kinetic aerosol volatility properties. Gas-particle partitioning parameters were determined via evaporation kinetic model fits to the dual-TD observations. OA volatility parameter values derived from both datasets were similar despite the fact that measurements were collected in distinct settings and seasons. The OA volatility distributions also did not vary dramatically over the campaign period or strongly correlate with OA components identified via positive matrix factorization of aerosol mass spectrometer data. A large portion (40–70 %) of measured ambient OA at both sites was composed of very-low-volatility organics (C∗ ≤ 0.1 µg m−3). An effective ΔHvap of bulk OA of ∼ 80–100 kJ mol−1 and a γe value of ∼ 0.5 best describe the evaporation observed in the TDs. This range of ΔHvap values is substantially higher than that typically assumed for simulating OA in atmospheric models (30–40 kJ mol−1). TD data indicate that γe is on the order of 0.1 to 0.5, indicating that repartitioning timescales for atmospheric OA are on the order of several minutes to an hour under atmospheric conditions. The OA volatility distributions resulting from fits were compared to those simulated in the Weather, Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) with a current treatment of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. The substantial fraction of low-volatility material observed in our measurements is largely missing from simulations, and OA mass concentrations are underestimated. The large discrepancies between simulations and observations indicate a need to treat low-volatility OA in atmospheric models. Volatility parameters extracted from ambient measurements enable evaluation of emerging treatments for OA (e.g., secondary OA using the volatility basis set or formed via aqueous chemistry) in atmospheric models.
Quasi 18-hour wave activity in ground-based observed mesospheric
H2O over Bern, Switzerland
Authors: Lainer Martin , Hocke Klemens , Rüfenacht Rolf , Schranz Franziska , Kämpfer Niklaus
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Observations of oscillations in the abundance of middle atmospheric trace gases can provide insight into the dynamics of the middle atmosphere. Long term, high temporal resolution and continuous measurements of dynamical tracers within the strato- and mesosphere are rare, but would be important to better understand the impact of planetary and gravity waves on the middle atmosphere. Here we report on water vapor measurements from the ground-based microwave radiometer MIAWARA located close to Bern during two winter periods of 6 months from October to March. Oscillations with periods between 6 and 30 hours are analyzed in the pressure range 0.01–10 hPa. Seven out of twelve months have the highest wave amplitudes between 15 and 21 hour periods in the mesosphere above 0.1 hPa. The quasi 18-hour wave is studied in more detail. We examine the temporal behavior and use SD-WACCM simulations for comparison and to derive characteristic wave features considering low-frequency gravity-waves being involved in the observed water vapor oscillations. The 18-hour wave is also found in SD-WACCM horizontal wind data and in measured zonal wind from the microwave Doppler wind radiometer WIRA. For two cases in January 2016 we derive the propagation direction, intrinsic period, horizontal and vertical wavelength of the model resolved 18-hour wave. A south-westward to westward propagation with horizontal wavelengths of 1884 and 1385 km and intrinsic periods close to 14 h are found. Vertical wavelengths are below 6 km. We were not able to single out a distinct temporal correlation between 18-hour band-pass filtered water vapor and wind data time series, although H2O should mostly be dynamically controlled in the mesosphere and sub-diurnal time range. More sophisticated numerical model studies are needed to uncover the manifold effects of gravity waves on the abundance of chemical species.
Global-scale combustion sources of organic aerosols: Sensitivity to formation and removal mechanisms
Authors: Tsimpidi Alexandra P. , Karydis Vlassis A. , Pandis Spyros N. , Lelieveld Jos
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Organic compounds from combustion sources such as biomass burning and fossil fuel use are major contributors to the global atmospheric load of aerosols. We analyzed the sensitivity of model-predicted global-scale organic aerosols (OA) to parameters that control primary emissions, photochemical aging and the scavenging efficiency of organic vapors. We used a computationally efficient module for the description of OA composition and evolution in the atmosphere (ORACLE) of the global chemistry-climate model EMAC. A global dataset of aerosol mass spectrometer measurements was used to evaluate simulated primary (POA) and secondary OA (SOA) concentrations. Model results are sensitive to the emission rates of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) and POA. Assuming enhanced reactivity of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and IVOCs with OH substantially improved the model performance for SOA. Use of a hybrid approach for the parameterization of the aging of IVOCs had a small effect on predicted SOA levels. The model performance improved by assuming that freshly emitted organic compounds are relatively hydrophobic and become increasingly hygroscopic due to oxidation.
On the long-range offshore transport of organic carbon from the Canary Upwelling System to the open North Atlantic
Authors: Lovecchio Elisa , Gruber Nicolas , Münnich Matthias , Lachkar Zouhair
Published: January 2017

Abstract. A compilation of measurements of Net Community Production (NCP) in the upper waters of the eastern subtropical North Atlantic had suggested net heterotrophic conditions, purportedly supported by the lateral export of organic carbon from the adjacent highly productive Canary Upwelling System (CanUS). Here, we quantify and assess this lateral export using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) coupled to a Nutrient, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Detritus (NPZD) ecosystem model. We employ a new Atlantic telescopic grid with a strong refinement towards the north-western African shelf to combine an eddy-resolving resolution in the CanUS with a full Atlantic basin perspective. Our climatologically forced simulation reveals an intense offshore flux of organic carbon that transports over the whole CanUS about 19 Tg C yr−1 away from the nearshore 100 km, amounting to more than a third of the NCP in this region. The offshore transport extends beyond 1500 km into the subtropical North Atlantic, along the way adding organic carbon to the upper 100 m at rates of between 8 % and 34 % of the alongshore average NCP as a function of offshore distance. Although the divergence of this lateral export of organic carbon enhances local respiration, the upper 100 m layer in our model remains net autotrophic in the entire eastern subtropical North Atlantic. However, the vertical export of this organic carbon and its subsequent remineralization at depth makes the vertically-integrated NCP strongly negative throughout this region, with the exception of a narrow band on the north-western African shelf. The magnitude and efficiency of the lateral export varies substantially between the different subregions. In particular, the central coast near Cape Blanc is particularly efficient in collecting organic carbon on the shelf and subsequently transporting it offshore. In this central subregion, the offshore transport adds to the upper 100 m as much organic carbon as nearly 60 % of the local NCP, giving rise to a sharp peak of offshore respiration that extends to the middle of the gyre. Our results emphasize the fundamental role of the lateral redistribution of the organic carbon for the maintenance of the heterotrophic activity in the open sea.
Effect of Disorder on Bulk SoundWave Speed : A Multiscale
Spectral Analysis
Authors: Shrivastava Rohit Kumar , Luding Stefan
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Disorder of size (polydispersity) and mass of discrete elements/particles in randomly structured media (e.g. granular matter like soil) has numerous effects on the materials' sound propagation characteristics [Mouraille and Luding, Ultrasonics, 48, 498–505 (2008); Lawney and Luding, Acta Mechanica, 225, 2385–2407 (2014)]. The influence of disorder on the sound wave speed and its low pass frequency filtering characteristics is the subject of this study. Goal is understanding the connection between the particle-micro-scale disorder and dynamics and the system-macro-scale wave propagation which can be applied to non-destructive testing, seismic exploration of buried objects (oil, mineral, etc.) or to study the internal structure of earth. To isolate the longitudinal P-wave mode from shear and rotational modes, a one-dimensional system of elements/particles is used to study the effect of mass disorder alone via ensemble averaged real time signals, signals in Fourier space and dispersion curves. Increase in polydispersity can decrease the sound wave speed because of a decrease in the number of contacts between particles [Mouraille and Luding, Ultrasonics, 48, 498–505 (2008)]. Also, increase in mass disorder (where disorder has been defined such that it is independent of the shape of the probability distribution of masses) decreases the sound wave speed along a particular granular chain. Energies associated with the eigenmodes are constant, independent of time and have been used to derive dispersion relations for disordered chains, these dispersion relations show a decrease in cut-off frequency and thus wave speed with increasing disorder.
Assessing the impact of multiple altimeter missions and Argo in a
global eddy permitting data assimilation system
Authors: Verrier Simon , Le Traon Pierre-Yves , Remy Elisabeth
Published: January 2017

Abstract. A series of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) is carried out with a global data assimilation system at 1/4° resolution using simulated data derived from a 1/12° resolution free run simulation. The objective is to quantify how well multiple altimeter missions and Argo profiling floats can constrain a global data assimilation system but also to better understand the sensitivity of results to data assimilation techniques used in Mercator Ocean operational systems. Impact of multiple altimeter data is clearly evidenced. Forecasts of sea level and ocean currents are significantly improved when moving from one altimeter to two altimeters. In high eddy energy regions, sea level and surface current forecast errors when assimilating one altimeter data set are respectively 20 % and 45 % of the error of the simulation without assimilation. Forecasts of sea level and ocean currents continue to be improved when moving from one altimeter to two altimeters with a relative error reduction of almost 30 %. The addition of a third altimeter still improves the forecasts even at this medium 1/4° resolution and brings an additional relative error reduction of about 10 %. The error level of the analysis with one altimeter is close to the forecast error level when two or three altimeter data sets are assimilated. Assimilating altimeter data also improves the representation of the 3D ocean fields. The addition of Argo has a major impact to improve temperature and demonstrates the essential role of Argo together with altimetry to constrain a global data assimilation system. Salinity fields are only marginally improved. Results derived from these OSSEs are consistent with those derived from experiments with real data (observing system evaluations/OSEs) but they allow a more detailed characterization of errors on analyses and forecasts. Both OSEs and OSSEs should be systematically used and intercompared to test data assimilation systems and quantify the impact of existing observing systems.
The Bidayuh Krokong Dialect: To Standardize or not Standardize
Authors: Misieng Jecky
Published: January 2017

The intricacies of language require all language scientists to be thorough and methodical in doing their analyses. This need is even more critical for the Bidayuh languages when there is a lot of on-going effort to preserve the language by various groups both from 21the people as well those from outside. Standardization and the teaching of the language in schools are among the top suggestions being explored. One of the disadvantages of standardizing a language is the danger of making the many different varieties to die out among the speakers. A closer look at one Jagoi sub-dialect commonly referred to as the Krokong dialect in comparison to other sub-dialects and dialects from other clusters illustrate some of the differences in pronunciation that can be found which highlights the need to help preserve if not all but most of the major varieties.
The Importance of Operating Budgets in Estimating the Revenues and Expenses in the Industrial Companies Operated in the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority
Authors: Wedyan Lu'ay Mohammad , Jaradat Muneer Mohamad , Bshayreh Mohammad Mahmoud
Published: January 2017

Abstract    The study aimed to investigate the importance of budgets in estimating the revenues and expenses in the industrial companies operated in the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority as an attempt to fined the solution and recommendations which increase the budgets efficiency in estimate of revenues and expenses. The researchers designed a questionnaire for collecting needed data, the questionnaires were analyzed statistically to test the hypotheses and analyzed the results. The most important of the study's results; that the budgets are a financial and quantitative achievement of the objectives, There is an organizational and accounting structure to identify the items of the operating activities in the budgets, using budgets leads to distributing the available resources on the productive departments accurately and in preparing budgets, there is a standard costs system for identifying the production costs as well as the operating activities.    The recommendations of this study represent in use the statistical methods in estimating the revenues and costs when preparing the operating budgets, the revenues budget (income) should be taken care of and it should be considered as the main tool for linking all the production activities with the operating objectives, budgets should be prepared in an organizational and accounting structure and depend on all the administrative levels in identifying the available resources on the operating activities
Precursores de la enseñanza del urbanismo en Chile periodo 1928-1953
Authors: Pavez R. María Isabel
Published: January 2017

Indagando en algunas de las circunstancias que dieron origen a la enseñanza del urbanismo en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Chile en los años veinte y, posteriormente, a su institucionalización en los años cincuenta, se evoca el rol que cuatro destacados arquitectos cumplieron para ello. Tanto por su acción individual, como por su acción conjunta en virtud de los lazos intelectuales y profesionales que los unieron en diversos momentos, hicieron valiosos aportes al medio académico y profesional.
Trabajos de estudiantes : Proyecto Norte-Sur: vía de integración y desarrollo
Authors: De Arquitectura Revista
Published: January 2017

Los estudiantes de tercer y cuarto año de la carrera de Arquitectura de nuestra Facultad abordaron el tema de los espacios públicos en la metrópoli de Santiago. El conjunto de ideas propuestas da cuenta de la recurrencia de ciertos temas en nuestro medio, remitiéndonos a una realidad de lento desarrollo donde las acciones comprometidas casi nunca tienen continuidad en el tiempo y en el espacio. El binomio creación-ruptura, inspira así, con renovado entusiasmo, proposiciones para elementos y fragmentos de la estructura urbana, en la búsqueda de nuevos caminos.
Sistemas de información ambiental para la planificación de proyectos M.O.P. - Chile
Authors: Ferrando A. Francisco
Published: January 2017

Se delimita, determina y caracteriza unidades físico ambientales homogéneas y su grado de vulnerabilidad ante la intervención del hombre y sus obras de infraestructura.
Villorrio Agrícola Energitérmico en Colina
Authors: Moreno Iván , Soublette Andrés , Velasquez Alvaro
Published: January 2017

Un asentamiento humano concebido como un sistema ecológico, da lugar a proyectos de arquitectura y diseño urbano con aprovechamiento de energía solar.
Valparaíso entre cerros, mar y viento : Primer Premio América del Norte y del Sur - Concurso AIA y ACSA - Estudiantes de Arquitectura - 1994
Authors: Inostroza P. Luis , Quintana V. Walter
Published: January 2017

Valparaíso, gran anfiteatro que se abre al Océano Pacífico, desafía una vez más a los arquitectos para la recreación de un hábitat mágico que trepe por sus cerros.
Catastro del patrimonio arquitectónico de Santiago
Authors: Riquelme S. Fernando
Published: January 2017

Estudio para la conservación de los edificios, conjuntos de edificios y barrios más significativos de la ciudad de Santiago, con el objetivo de mantener su identidad, resguardar su imagen histórica y recuperar este patrimonio desde el punto de vista económico.
Las estructuras volcanicas y la arquitectura Rapa-Nui : comportamiento estructural vs. peligros naturales
Authors: Marchetti S. Raúl , González F. Oscar
Published: January 2017

El grado de influencia de las estructuras volcánicas naturales en Isla de Pascua, en las obras del hombre primitivo.
Arquitectura de los puertos mayores del litoral chileno
Authors: Benavides C. Juan , Pizzi K. Marcela , Valenzuela B. María Paz
Published: January 2017

En las ciudades portuarias, la arquitectura se expresa básicamente por medio de la vivienda tradicional y la arquitectura mayor. En este trabajo, que forma parte de un estudio de más vasto alcance sobre el tema, se analizan las características principales de estas dos tipologías.
La cultura del suburbio y las nuevas alternativas de diseño urbano en EE.UU.
Authors: Mawromatis P. Constantino
Published: January 2017

Nuevos modelos suburbanos de gran éxito en los EE.UU. proponen alternativas que rescatan la esencia del urbanismo tradicional, en donde el diseño resurge como instrumento en la configuración del espacio urbano.
Sistemas pasivos y arquitectura de la Cuenca del Salar de Atacama
Authors: Kapstein L. Glenda , Sarmiento M. Pedro , Ostria G. Claudio , Zuleta M. Ricardo
Published: January 2017

Se optimiza e incorpora sistemas pasivos a la arquitectura tradicional de la Cuenca del Salar de Atacama.
El plan Brunner para la ciudad de Panamá
Authors: Uribe Alvaro
Published: January 2017

Karl Brunner en Panamá, como una figura casi legendaria que instauró el urbanismo y contribuyó a marcar las pautas del desarrollo urbano en dicho contexto, durante los siguientes cincuenta años.
Planeación metropolitana de la posguerra en Viena : los proyectos de Karl Heinrich Brunner
Authors: Hofer Andreas
Published: January 2017

Después de su regreso de Latinoamérica, K. Brunner dirigió la planeación municipal de Viena durante los años 1948-1951. Sus conceptos para la extensión de la ciudad y sus estrategias para la planeación vial y el tratamiento de las áreas verdes llegaron a ser significantes para Viena a pesar de la corta duración en su cargo.
Reencuentro con K. Brunner y testimonio de una época : entrevista al profesor Juan Parrochia B.
Authors: Pavez R. M. I.
Published: January 2017

Se evoca una visita al Prof. K. Brunner en Viena, en el año 1953, y algunos aspectos de la época de la posguerra en Austria y en Chile.
Territorialidad, redes y debate urbanístico
Authors: Pavez R. M. Isabel
Published: January 2017

Pensamiento actual sobre un tipo de territorialidad marginada hasta ahora, a partir de la cual se enriquecería el concepto y la práctica del urbanismo.
Ideas y modelos en la memoria arquitectónica : el caso de Chiloé
Authors: Berg C. Lorenzo
Published: January 2017

La memoria arquitectónica persiste en el tiempo, mientras ciertos invariantes y modelos se internalizan en la cultura. En el caso del Archipiélago de Chiloé se reconocen invariantes y modos particulares de preservar los modelos. La intervención sobre estos modelos, como documentos del pasado y referentes para el futuro, se debe fundamentar en la relación entre el valor del edificio y el grado de modificaciones, los que son inversamente proporcionales.
Arquitectura industrial en Magallanes
Authors: Benavides C. Juan , Pizzi K. Marcela , Valenzuela B. M. Paz
Published: January 2017

La colonización pastoril iniciada en Magallanes en la década de 1880, dio origen a un sorprendente desarrollo industrial de la ganadería ovina, integrando en el proceso una arquitectura inédita hasta ese entonces en Chile. Este trabajo es una primera entrega de un estudio de más vastos alcances que se está realizando en relación a la arquitectura rural industrial magallánica.
Conservación del patrimonio arquitectónico en el centro histórico de Iquique
Authors: Hermosilla G. Patricio
Published: January 2017

A pesar de los estropicios de la reciente actividad inmobiliaria en el casco antiguo de la ciudad, aún es tiempo de regular su tipología edificatoria y el espacio público para integrar nuevas obras arquitectónicas en el tejido existente.
Un acuario para Iquique :proyecto de título en la Primera Región - Chile
Authors: Sánchez M. Hernán
Published: January 2017

Un proyecto de importancia internacional, para la exposición de la vida marina en un país con varios miles de kilómetros de costa al Pacífico.
Un paisaje de incertidumbres
Authors: Cid B. Pablo , Vallejos O. Diego
Published: January 2017

Dos oficinas de arquitectura fueron invitadas a reflexionar brevemente en torno al tema de los concursos de arquitectura convocados por el sector público, específicamente aquellos que fueron adjudicados y luego no fueron llevados a cabo. Cómo esto afecta a sus oficinas, la sociedad, la ciudad y a la disciplina en general.
Foro III: arquitectura como acción docente
Authors: Letelier P. Sofía , Pérez O. Fernando , Marchant M. Hernán , Arribas A. María Inés , Fox T. Hans
Published: January 2017

Revista De Arquitectura convocó una conversación en torno al tema “Docencia de Arquitectura”, en el cual se plantean los puntos de vista de los invitados, que recogen el estado actual de la discusión de la enseñanza en la disciplina.
Tibor Weiner y su rol en la reforma: una re-introducción
Authors: Talesnik Y. Daniel
Published: January 2017

En 1946 la reforma que vivió la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Chile cambió el panorama del estudio de la arquitectura en Chile y marcó a varias generaciones de arquitectos. Uno de sus actores principales fue el arquitecto húngaro Tibor Weiner.
Formación estética cuando la belleza ya no es una categoría
Authors: Letelier P. Sofía , Wolff C. Cecilia
Published: January 2017

A partir de la experiencia docente del curso Percepción, dictado en el 3er semestre de la carrera de Arquitectura, las autoras reflexionan respecto a la formación estética del arquitecto.
Más allá de la teoría-teorética
Authors: Loyola N. Felipe
Published: January 2017

Al plantear la situación actual de aislamiento en que se encuentra la teoría en relación a la práctica de la arquitectura, la cual se conforma como teoría-teorética, se propone la modificación del modo de estudiar y enseñar teoría en las escuelas de arquitectura.
Construcción, docencia y arquitectura: conversación con Euclides Guzmán / EG
Authors: Vallejos O. Diego
Published: January 2017

En la siguiente conversación se recoge la visión de quien ha sido por largo tiempo profesor de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, quien se ha enfocado en la enseñanza de la construcción a jóvenes y adultos, para lo cual además ha realizado publicaciones que son referencia obligada en la materia.
José Dvoredsky: reparando un olvido
Authors: Munita L. Hernán
Published: January 2017

El autor propone una relectura atenta de la obra de José Dvoredsky. Esta obra se enmarca en la noción de: “casas y pequeños edificios de buena calidad, dignos y sobrios, con una escala que aún hoy los hace atractivos para vivir y para recorrer, que permanecen a pesar que la idea de barrio se ha perdido y las formas de vida actual son muy diferentes de hace 50 ó 60 años”. Es justamente esa postura la que nos interesa hoy en el presente número.
Argentina, reflexiones después de diciembre de 2001: dos escuelas de arquitectura
Authors: Bravo M. Sebastián
Published: January 2017

A diferencia de otras crisis, la que vivió Argentina en diciembre de 2001 no sólo tuvo un efecto económico y político sino también un notorio impacto social. A 5 años de la crisis revisamos el caso de dos escuelas de arquitectura de Buenos Aires que con distintas estrategias pretenden enfrentar con una mirada renovadora la problemática de la formación.
Viejas prácticas, nuevos métodos: el diseño digital
Authors: Valenzuela V. Marcelo
Published: January 2017

En noviembre de 1849, un año después de haber arribado a Chile el arquitecto francés Claude Francois Brunet de Baines, por encargo del Presidente Montt, da inicio en la Universidad de Chile al primer curso de la carrera de arquitectura en nuestra universidad. Desde esa fecha, las matemáticas superiores y la geometría descriptiva han formado parte de los planes de estudios de la carrera. Este artículo analiza la evolución del foco central de investigación de los programas CAD, y su incidencia tanto en la formación del arquitecto, como en su ejercicio profesional.El contenido de los planes de estudios se ha visto afectado por los continuos progresos de la ciencia y la tecnología. El actual desarrollo de las tecnologías CAD obliga a la convergencia de varias ciencias, entre ellas biología, epistemología, informática, programación y geometrías computacionales, importantes para la comprensión de los nuevos modos de producción de la arquitectura.