bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANDROID-BASED SMART SYSTEM FOR FRUIT SELECTION TO PREVENT TODDLER STUNTING
Authors: Riansah Wahyu , Lumban Gaol Nur Yanti
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Preventing stunting in toddlers is crucial for improving children's health and growth. Stunting occurs due to chronic nutritional deficiencies during the first 1,000 days of a child's life, affecting their height, cognitive development, and immune system, which can reduce their future potential. Fruits play an important role in a toddler's diet because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, antioxidants, and other bioactive compounds that support physical growth and brain development. However, selecting the right fruits is vital because some fruits can cause digestive issues or allergies in toddlers. To assist parents in choosing the right fruits, a mobile-based expert system using the Certainty Factor method has been developed. This system provides recommendations based on the toddler's health condition and evaluates the nutritional content of fruits. With this system, parents can ensure that their toddlers receive optimal nutrition, contributing to stunting prevention and ensuring that the toddlers grow up healthy, intelligent, and with full potential in the future Choosing the right fruits and maintaining a balanced nutrition are crucial parts of supporting the sustainability of stunting prevention efforts.            Keywords: certainty factor method; expert system; fruit selection; stunting prevention; toddler nutrition  Abstrak: Pencegahan stunting pada batita sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan dan pertumbuhan anak. Stunting terjadi akibat kekurangan gizi kronis pada 1.000 hari pertama kehidupan batita, memengaruhi tinggi badan, perkembangan kognitif, dan sistem imun anak, yang berisiko mengurangi potensi masa depan mereka. Buah-buahan memiliki peran penting dalam pola makan batita, karena kaya akan vitamin, mineral, serat, antioksidan, dan senyawa bioaktif yang mendukung pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan otak. Namun, pemilihan buah yang tepat sangat penting karena beberapa buah dapat menyebabkan masalah pencernaan atau alergi pada batita. Untuk membantu orang tua dalam memilih buah yang sesuai, dikembangkan sistem pakar berbasis mobile dengan metode Certainty Factor. Sistem ini memberikan rekomendasi berdasarkan kondisi kesehatan batita, serta mengevaluasi kandungan nutrisinya. Dengan sistem ini, orang tua dapat memastikan bahwa batita mendapatkan nutrisi yang optimal dengan berkontribusi dalam pencegahan stunting dengan memastikan batita tumbuh sehat, cerdas, dan memiliki potensi penuh di masa depan. Pemilihan buah yang tepat dan nutrisi yang seimbang menjadi bagian penting dalam mendukung upaya keberlanjutan pencegahan stunting. Kata kunci: batita; metode certainty factor; pemilihan buah; pencegahan stunting; sistem cerdas
APPLICATION OF SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING METHOD IN SELECTING ACCESSORY SUPPLIERS AT AL-FAZZA COSMETIC STORE
Authors: Rani Maha , Christy Tika , Ardiansyah Ricki , Sovia Rini
Published: January 2025

AbstractAl-Fazza Cosmetic Store is a store engaged in the sale of cosmetics. In an effort to develop and increase sales value, Al-Fazza Store began selling various accessories such as bracelets, necklaces, hair clips and headscarves. To get quality goods and maximum profit, supplier selection is important. However, supplier selection is a problem because each supplier has its own advantages and disadvantages and uniqueness. To help select suppliers at the Al-Fazza Cosmetic Store, the decision support system can provide decision recommendations quickly and accurately based on the criteria given by the decision maker. The method that will be used in processing data and determining decisions in this decision support system is simple additive weighting (saw). The decision results provided by this method can be used as recommendations by decision makers in determining the best supplier. Keywords: simple additive weighting; information systems; decision support systems; suppliers Abstrak: Toko Kosmetik Al-Fazza merupakan toko yang bergerak di bidang penjualan kosmetik. Dalam upaya untuk mengembangkan dan meningkatkan nilai penjualan, Toko Al-Fazza mulai menjual berbagai aksesoris seperti gelang, kalung, jepit rambut, dan jilbab. Untuk mendapatkan barang yang berkualitas dan keuntungan yang maksimal, pemilihan supplier merupakan hal yang penting. Akan tetapi, pemilihan supplier menjadi suatu permasalahan karena setiap supplier memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan serta keunikannya masing-masing untuk membantu pemilihan supplier pada Toko Kosmetik Al-Fazza. Sistem pendukung keputusan tersebut dapat memberikan rekomendasi keputusan secara cepat dan tepat berdasarkan kriteria yang diberikan oleh pengambil keputusan. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam pengolahan data dan penentuan keputusan pada sistem pendukung keputusan ini adalah simple additive weighting (saw). Hasil keputusan yang diberikan oleh metode ini dapat digunakan sebagai rekomendasi oleh pembuat keputusan dalam menentukan supplier terbaik. Kata kunci: simple additive weighting; sistem informasi; sistem penunjang keputusan;pemasok
Manejo do trauma por arma de fogo no pronto socorro: Uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Abreu Rafaella Antunes Fiorotto de , Castro Anderson Gabriel Noleto de , Morais Felipe Vieira , Barbosa Eduardo Higor Abreu , Mendes Luis Miguel Carvalho
Published: January 2025

Introdução: O manejo de trauma por arma de fogo é uma preocupação crítica nos serviços de emergência devido à sua potencial gravidade e complexidade. A rápida identificação e tratamento adequado são essenciais para melhorar os desfechos dos pacientes. Objetivo: Este artigo revisa a literatura atual sobre as melhores práticas para o manejo de trauma por arma de fogo no pronto socorro, destacando intervenções eficazes e estratégias de tratamento. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando bases de dados como PubMed, Google Scholar e Scopus. Foram incluídos estudos publicados nos últimos dez anos que abordam o manejo de trauma penetrante em ambientes de emergência. Discussão: A literatura destaca a importância de protocolos bem definidos, como o Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS), para guiar o tratamento inicial. A avaliação rápida e o controle de hemorragias são cruciais. Intervenções como ressuscitação com fluidos e transfusão de sangue são frequentemente necessárias. A decisão entre tratamento cirúrgico imediato versus observação cuidadosa depende da estabilidade do paciente e da localização do ferimento. Conclusão: O manejo eficaz de trauma por arma de fogo no pronto socorro requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar e protocolos bem estabelecidos. A formação contínua dos profissionais de saúde é essencial para garantir a implementação adequada das melhores práticas.
A NEW VISION OF ENZYMATIC PROCESSES AND THE YIELD OF CEREALS WITH THE PAR­TICIPATION OF MOLECULAR OXYGEN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NATIONAL INTERESTS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Panchenko Oleksandr , Sukhyna Maryna
Published: January 2025

Oxygen is the elixir of life for all aerobic organisms on Earth. It makes up 21% of the air we breathe, but that wasn't always the case. Initially, our planet's atmosphere was full of carbon dioxide, so only primitive anaerobic organisms, which do not need oxygen for living, could survive. But then a miracle happened: cyanobacteria, tiny organisms, began to use the energy of sunlight to assimilate carbon dioxide and water, a process now known as photosynthesis, which produces molecular oxygen from a water molecule as a by-product. The period that followed is known as the Great Oxygen Catastrophe, as the emergence and accumulation of a new two-atom molecule in the atmosphere led to the butterfly effect, an irreversible event that made our planet what it is today [1]. In turn, this event led to the emergence of multicellular life, which can exist and thrive on Earth with the help of oxygen. In addition to respiration, oxygen protects us from the Sun's harsh ultraviolet radiation through the Schumann-Runge absorption and  in the 175–205 nm range and creates an ozone layer in the stratosphere that protects us from the softer UV rays of 240 nm.
Oxygen has been the subject of intense research for more than two centuries, ever since the Swedish chemist Scheele first obtained this pure gas by decomposing black magnesia. However, the mechanisms of reactions involving oxygen in living organisms are still not fully understood. It is now known that reactions of oxygen with organic compounds are forbidden by spin, but photosynthesis and respiration are vivid examples of how this prohibition can be overcome. The O2 molecule has two unpaired electrons (spins) on the outer electron shell, whereas almost all organic matter is diamagnetic and has zero spin.
How molecular oxygen overcomes spin prohibition during its activation by enzymes is discussed in this article. Particular attention is paid to understanding reaction mechanisms in living organisms, using photosynthesis and respiration as examples. Furthermore, the topi­cal area of studying the mechanism of the Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo) is emphasized, which offers the possibility of developing new approaches to increasing ce­real yields for farmers.
MICROWAVE DIELECTRICS FOR APPLICATIONS IN THE 5G FR3 RANGE
Authors: Fedorchuk Oleksandr , V’yunov Oleg , Plutenko Tetiana , Belous Anatolii
Published: January 2025

The 5G FR3 band requires low-permittivity materials. Spinel-structured materials, like SrY2O4, are promising due to their high Q-factor and tunability. However, their practical performance limits in terms of frequency range need further investigation. Planar technologies like microstrip lines and metamaterials, using these materials as substrates, can enable efficient and high-frequency devices for 5G and beyond.
This study aimed to synthesize ceramic materials with the compositions SrY2O4and  SrYSmO4, possessing a spinel structure, and investigate their properties. The potential application of these materials in millimeter-wave devices and instruments was explored by mo­deling the spectral characteristics of antennas utilizing these materials as substrates and comparing the results with those obtained from li­terature-reported materials.
High-purity (≥99%) SrCO3, CaCO3, Sm2O3, and Y2O3 powders were employed as starting materials. Stoichiometric quantities of the raw materials were mixed, ball-milled, dried, sieved, calcined, and re-milled. A binder was added, and the mixture was pressed into pellets. The green compacts were sintered at temperatures ranging from 1480 to 1560 °C for durations of 2–6 hours, with a heating and cooling rate of 200 °C/h.
A quality factor Q×f = 89400 at a frequency of 11 GHz was achieved with a dielectric permittivity εr = 15.4 and a near zero temperature coefficient of dielectric permittivity/frequency TКε. The substitution of yttrium with samarium further decreased the dielectric permitti­vity to 9.4 but significantly reduced the quality factor of the material Q·f = 17800. The obtained SrY2O4 meets the requirements for dielectric materials in the centimeter wave range. It surpasses most materials in the millimeter wave range presented in the literature in terms of characteristics set.
Modeling of an antenna cell based on a double split-ring resonator showed the possibility of using microstrip materials and metamaterials with substrates made of the prepared materials in the frequency range of 8.6–11 GHz and adjacent ranges, which are used in satellite communication and television systems, aviation, weather, and police radars, line-of-sight (LOS) communication systems and electronic news gathering (ENG) systems.
REGULARITIES OF HYDROGEN EVOLUTION FROM ALKALINE SOLUTION AT CATHODES SINTERED FROM NICKEL, TUNGSTEN AND TUNGSTEN SILICIDE POWDERS
Authors: Pirskyy Yuriy , Manilevich Fedor , Kutsyi Andrii , Bogdanova Alina
Published: January 2025

Among the known methods of hydrogen generation, electrochemical water splitting is an attractive technology that does not pollute the environment with carbon oxides and allows obtaining a high-purity product.However, it requires significant energy resources and is therefore not cost-effective enough.One of the obvious ways to eliminate this drawback is the creation and use of catalytically active cathodes on which hydrogen is evolved with a low voltage at a high exchange current.In addition, cathodes that do not contain precious metals and have high chemical resistance in an electrolyte solution have potential for practical application.
In this work, composite cathodes sintered from mixtures of two (Ni + WSi2) and three (Ni + W + WSi2) powders were manufactured, studied, and used to evolve hydrogen from a 30% KOH solution.It was found that new phases (NiWSi, W5Si3, SiC, NiW) were formed during powder sintering at 1200 C, and the resulting electrode materials had a highly developed and microstructured surface. The overpotential of hydrogen evolution from 30 % KOH solution at 26 °C on the cathode based on three powders was lower than on the cathode based on two powders, and it significantly decreased with increasing temperature to 70 °C.In addition, the electrode based on Ni + W + WSi2 had a higher exchange current and lower activation energy of hydrogen evolution than the electrode based on Ni + WSi2.Therefore, the cathode based on three powders was more active in the hydrogen evolution reaction than the cathode based on two powders.At the same time, the rate of hydrogen evolution on both cathodes was controlled by kinetic limitations, as evidenced by high activation energy values ​​(59.7 kJ/mol on Ni + WSi2 based cathode and 56.8 kJ/mol on Ni + W + WSi2 based cathode).The angular coefficients of the linear sections of the Tafel dependences of hydrogen evolution on both cathodes had close values ​​(b =  at α ≈ 0.5), from which a conclusion was made about the same stage mechanism of the electrode process on such cathodes with a limiting electrochemical stage of formation of adsorbed hydrogen atoms.
Considering the low cost, high chemical resistance and sufficiently high activity of Ni + W + WSi2 based cathode in the reaction of hydrogen evolution from an alkaline solution at elevated temperatures, it can be considered promising for practical application.
ACCELERATING EFFECT OF 3-AMINOPROPYLOLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANE ON FORMATION KINETICS OF THERMOSTABLE HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON POLYCYANURATE NETWORK.
Authors: Shulzhenko Diana , Grigoryeva Olga , Gumenna Mariana , Polunkin Evgen , Gorelov Borys , Fainleib Alexander , Grande Daniel
Published: January 2025

In this work, reactive 3-aminopropyloligomeric silsesquioxane (AP-OSS) was synthesized and stu­died, and the effect of AP-OSS depending on its content (0.1–1.0 wt.%) on the kinetics of polycyclotri­merization of dicyanate ester of bisphenol E (DCBE) was determined using the dynamic DSC method. AP-OSS was prepared in high yield by the hydrolysis and polycondensation of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane in a mixture of acetonitrile and ethanol, with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (But4NOH) as a catalyst. The chemical structure of the synthesized AP-OSS was confirmed by the results of FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, as well as by MALDI-TOF method. The FTIR spectra showed broad and intensive stretching absorption bands centered at ν≈ 3431 and ν≈ 3378 cm–1 and bending absorption bands centered at δ≈ 1638 and δ≈ 1599 cm-1 of the N–H in NH2 groups, as well as the absorption bands centered at ν≈1027 and δ≈859 cm–1, attributed to the special characteristic vibrations of the silsesquioxane cage Si–O–Si. MALDI-TOF spectroscopy detected predominantly singly charged protonatedions, indicating that the degree of oligomerization in this silsesquioxane is between n = 3 and 10. It was found that AP-OSS accelerated the DCBE polycyclotrimerization allowing decreasing the final temperature and time of polycyanurate network (PCN) synthesis, the higher content of the AP-OSS the higher acceleration effect has been observed. It was supposed that during the in situ synthesis of the hybrid PCN/AP-OSS nanocomposites, the amino groups on a surface of AP-OSS nanoparticles chemically interact with –O–C≡N-groups of DCBE with formation of isourea fragments providing the covalent embedding of  AP-OSS into the growing PCN matrix. Using DSC method, it was found that all synthesized hybrid  PCN/AP-OSS nanocomposites possessed high glass transition temperatures (Tg>280oC) and can be classified as thermally stable polymer materials.
Migración y éxodo en Cuba: tendencias migratorias desde el siglo XIX hasta la actualidad
Authors: Morales Pino Loraine , Aguilar Solís Guillermo Alberto
Published: January 2025

En el presente artículo se explora el contexto histórico de la migración cubana hacia Estados Unidos para analizar el éxodo que se presentó a finales de 2021. Mediante el análisis de datos históricos (1894-2023) obtenidos de oficinas gubernamentales estadounidenses –Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS), Servicio de Inmigración y Naturalización (INS) y Oficina de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza (CBP)–, se recorren hitos migratorios como la Revolución de 1959 y la crisis de los balseros de 1994. Sumado a esto, se discuten perspectivas teóricas de la migración con el fin de conceptualizar los flujos masivos actuales como un éxodo que se caracteriza por cinco rasgos principales: 1) movimientos masivos; 2) movimientos constantes; 3) lapso de tiempo definido; 4) preeminencia de salidas internacionales, y 5) respuesta a un detonante. El artículo contribuye a una comprensión más profunda del fenómeno migratorio desde un enfoque multidimensional que considera factores políticos, económicos, sociales e históricos.
The Thermodynamic Velocity of Particles (Photons) Constituting the Cosmic Microwave Background: A New Thermodynamic Energy Law for the Hubble Sphere
Authors: Haug Espen
Published: January 2025

We will claim the velocity of the particles making up the CMB must be given by v_{cmb}=sqrt{k_bT_cmb/m_g}=c, where $k_b$ is the Boltzmann constant and T_cmb is the CMB temperature. This we will see leads to several interesting results such as the Hubble energy law: E_c=Nm_gv_cmb^2=Nm_gc^2=Nk_bT_cmb=T_p^3/T_0^2k_b/64 \pi^2. The findings here are fully consistent with the recent geometric mean approach of finding the CMB temperature by Haug and Tatum and also other related work we will refer to. }
Evaluación del manejo manual de cargas mediante el método RAPP en la avícola Avicamp
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Flores Flores Kevin Jose , Ruiz Naranjo Elvis Augusto ,   Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo
Published: January 2025

En el presente estudio, se realizó un análisis detallado de las prácticas actuales de manejo manual de cargas en la avícola AVICAMP para identificar los riesgos ergonómicos presentes. Utilizando la metodología RAPP, se evaluaron las tareas de empuje y arrastre de carros y sacos en diferentes estaciones de trabajo. Los resultados revelaron que estas tareas implican un alto riesgo de trastornos musculoesqueléticos (MSD), principalmente debido a posturas subóptimas, condiciones inadecuadas del piso y problemas en el agarre del equipo. Se identificaron factores críticos como la postura (con puntuaciones elevadas) y la superficie del piso, que contribuyen significativamente al riesgo. Basado en estos hallazgos, se propusieron recomendaciones específicas, como la reparación del piso, la optimización del diseño del equipo y la implementación de programas de capacitación ergonómica. Estas medidas tienen como objetivo mejorar las prácticas de manejo manual de cargas, reducir los riesgos ergonómicos y promover la salud y seguridad de los trabajadores en AVICAMP.
Evaluación de la estructura y composición florística en la microcuenca del río Guineal
Authors:   Investigador independiente, Ponce Muñiz Jahir Anibal , Lucio Villacreses Luis Fernando ,   Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, Carvajal Nunura Roberth Joshua ,   Investigador independiente
Published: January 2025

La estructura y composición florística de una cuenca hidrográfica son esenciales para regular el ciclo del agua, mantener la estabilidad del suelo y mejorar la calidad del agua, lo que contribuye a la sostenibilidad y resiliencia del ecosistema. Con el objetivo de evaluar la estructura y composición florística de la microcuenca del río Guineal, ubicada en la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador, se buscó comprender cómo la diversidad y la estructura de las especies arbóreas influyen en la conservación ecológica. Se realizaron 18 parcelas de muestreo distribuidas a lo largo de diferentes zonas del área de estudio y validadas por la curva de acumulación de especies y la riqueza esperada de Chao 1, se obtuvo la estructura horizontal y vertical mediante el índice de valor de importancia (IVI), diversidad de Shannon-Wiener y la similitud de Morisita-Horn de los estratos evaluados en la regeneración natural. Se identificaron un total de 55 especies, pertenecientes a 30 familias botánicas, siendo Fabaceae y Moraceae las más representativas; las especies Triplaris cumingiana, Cochlospermum vitifolium y Cecropia máxima presentaron mayor dominancia según el IVI; además, se observó una diversidad moderada y una alta similitud entre los diferentes estratos de vegetación. Esto indica que la microcuenca mantiene un equilibrio ecológico favorable para la regeneración natural, siendo crucial en la sostenibilidad y relevante para el desarrollo de estrategias de manejo y conservación forestal que promuevan la resiliencia ecológica y la recuperación hídrica en zonas de alto impacto antropogénico.
Tratamiento farmacológico de las neoplasias asociadas con la enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau. Revisión Sistemática
Authors: Hurtado Hurtado Veronica , Cabrera Mañay Cristina , Tamayo Aguilar Patricia
Published: January 2025

Background: Von Hippel-Lindau disease is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by the development of benign and malignant tumors throughout life. For many years, neoplasms associated with this disease were treated by surgical resection or ablation with the aim of reducing the risk of metastatic disease and controlling local or systemic sequelae. An effective systemic alternative could reduce the surgical burden and represents a new approach to oncological treatment.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different drugs used in the treatment of neoplasms associated with Von Hippel-Lindau disease. Search methods: An electronic search was carried out without language restriction, until July 31, 2024, in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PUBMED, and SCIELO databases. Selection criteria: Clinical trials with patients with malignancies associated with Von Hippel-Lindau disease, and any targeted drug therapy as intervention were included. Data collection and analysis: Data from each clinical study were entered into a data table for qualitative analysis. Results: Five articles were selected, four of them are prospective studies and one is a retrospective study that evaluates the efficacy of treatment with Sunitinib, Dovitinib, Pazopanib, and Belzutifan. Conclusions: The inhibition of HIF-2? with Belzutifan presents a safer and more effective profile than the antiangiogenic agents Sunitinib and Pazopanib.
El cuidado crítico para pacientes con cáncer: un desafío global y una necesidad de colaboración interdisciplinaria
Authors: Roosemberg Ordóñez Fernando
Published: January 2025

El cáncer representa un problema de salud pública a nivel global, y en países desarrollados se proyecta que pronto será la principal causa de muerte [1]. Los avances en oncología han llevado a que muchos pacientes, aunque no se curen por completo, vivan más tiempo; así, el número de personas que viven con esta condición aumentará, lo cual a su vez incrementará la cantidad de pacientes oncológicos que necesitarán atención en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). A pesar de los avances, el cáncer sigue siendo visto como una “enfermedad fatal” y, en algunas regiones, el ingreso de pacientes oncológicos a la UCI es aún limitado o cuestionado, aunque muchos pueden ser manejados como enfermos crónicos y en ocasiones pueden ser curados. De hecho, muchas enfermedades no malignas presentan un pronóstico igual o más desfavorable que ciertos tipos graves de cáncer [2]. Las características únicas de los pacientes críticos con cáncer subrayan la necesidad de enfoques y áreas de especialización dedicados a esta población.
Föräldraskap och ekonomisk ojämlikhet
Authors: Petersson Gunilla , Bredmar Margareta , Davidson Bo
Published: January 2025

Parenting and economic inequality –everyday life in families with social service involvement
Families in social services and child protection agencies often live under strained economic conditions. However, this is not always the truth. This article addresses the economic and social differences of families in contact with the Swedish social services. Empirically the article relies on life-course interviews with mothers in four families. Using Bourdieu’s concepts of economic, social and cultural capital the analysis highlights how inequal conditions of everyday life interplay with the lives of families from different economical positions and their relationships with the social services. The analysis describes that the better-off families are quite content with the help they get from the social services. The families with smaller economic resources however, are not only less satisfied, but also feel a lack of recognition from the services regarding their needs.
Lex Fattigdom
Authors: Alakoski Susanna
Published: January 2025

Sedan 1980-talet har jag läst, lyssnat, sett filmer och tagit del av social forskning på temat fattigdom som påverkan på våra liv. Sedan tjugo år tillbaka har jag återkommit till ämnet i mitt författarskap. I böcker, artiklar, krönikor har jag tänkt och skrivit om fattigdom. Som pengabrist. Avsaknader. Som roten till historiska oförrätter. Kulturellt glapp. Föräldrars och barns lidande och skam. Som känslor av håglöshet och hopplöshet. Som upprinnelsen till bilbränder och en grogrund för stora delar av annat socialpolitiskt elände som vi tar del av dagligdags: gängrekrytering, kriminalitet, våld, narkotika, ofärdiga skolbetyg, klotter, självskadebeteende, småbarnsrån, snatteri, förstörelse.
Varför lever vi inte i ett socialt hållbart samhälle där människor upplever sig ha möjligheter, god hälsa och en värdig tillvaro? Jag vill dela med mig av några tankar.
Tetrodotoxin, fungal pathogen infection, and bacterial microbiome associations are variable in the skin microecosystems of two Taricha newt species
Authors: Jost Talon , Henderson Alysha , LaBumbard Brandon , Magori Krisztian , Stokes Amber , Bergin Danica , Holley Autumn , Bletz Molly , Hernández-Gómez Obed , Bucciarelli Gary , Woodhams Douglas C. , Piovia-Scott Jonah , Walke Jenifer B.
Published: January 2025

A diverse metabolome exists on amphibian skin that mediates interactions between hosts and skin microbiomes. Tetrodotoxin is one such metabolite that occurs across a variety of taxa, and is particularly well studied in newts of the genus Taricha that are susceptible to infection with chytrid fungi. The interaction of tetrodotoxin with the skin microbiome, including pathogenic fungi, is not well understood, and here we describe these patterns across 12 populations of Taricha granulosa and T. torosa in Washington, Oregon, and California. We found no correlation of TTX and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection in either T. granulosa or T. torosa, a pattern inconsistent with a previous study. In addition, TTX, but not Bd, was significantly correlated with the skin microbiome composition in T. granulosa. In T. torosa, however, Bd, but not TTX, was correlated with the skin microbiome structure. The relationship between TTX and skin microbiome composition differed between species, with significant correlations observed only in T. granulosa, which exhibited higher TTX concentrations. We also detected significantly higher abundances of bacterial taxa (e.g., Pseudomonadaceae) associated with TTX production in newts with higher skin TTX. These taxa (ASVs matching Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, and Sphingopyxis) were associated with all body sites of previously sampled T. granulosa, but not found in soil samples. Our results suggest that toxins can shape the newt skin microbiome and may influence pathogen infection through indirect mechanisms, as TTX showed no direct inhibition of Bd or B. salamandrivorans growth.
Metal ion-crosslinking multifunctional hydrogel microspheres with inflammatory immune regulation for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Xu Zhuoming , Ma Jun , Hu Hanyin , Liu Jintao , Yang Haiyang , Chen Jiayi , Xu Hongwei , Wang Xinyu , Luo Huanhuan , Chen Gang
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints characterized by cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. Due to the complex pathogenesis of OA, multifaceted therapies that modulate inflammatory and immune microenvironmental disturbances while promoting cartilage regeneration are key to control the progression of OA.

Methods

Herein, a multifunctional nanoparticle (DIC/Mg-PDA NPs) was constructed successfully by the metal chelation effect between Mg2+ and catecholamine bond from dopamine, followed by the amidation with diclofenac (DIC), which was then prepared into an injectable hydrogel microsphere (DIC/Mg-PDA@HM) with immune-regulating and cartilage-repairing abilities through microfluidic technology for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Results and discussion

The sustained release of Mg2+ from the composite hydrogel microspheres achieved inflammatory immune regulation by converting macrophages from M1 to M2 and promoted cartilage regeneration through the differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, the enhanced release of DIC and polydopamine (PDA) effectively downregulated inflammatory factors, and finally achieved OA therapy. In addition, in vivo MRI and tissue section staining of OA model proved the significant efficacy of the hydrogel microspheres on OA. In conclusion, these novel hydrogel microspheres demonstrated a promising prospect for multidisciplinary repairing of OA.
Synthetic embryology of the human heart
Authors: Paredes-Espinosa Maria Belen , Paluh Janet L.
Published: January 2025

The evolution of stem cell-based heart models from cells and tissues to organoids and assembloids and recently synthetic embryology gastruloids, is poised to revolutionize our understanding of cardiac development, congenital to adult diseases, and patient customized therapies. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have already been integrated into transplantable patches and are in preclinical efforts to reverse fibrotic scarring from myocardial infarctions. To inform on the complexity of heart diseases, multi-tissue morphogenic heart models are needed that replicate fundamental components of heart function to heart organogenesis in vitro and which require a deep understanding of heart development. Organoid and assembloid models capture selected multicellular cardiac processes, such as chamber formation and priming events for vascularization. Gastruloid heart models offer deeper insights as synthetic embryology to mimic multi-staged developmental events of in vivo heart organogenesis including established heart fields, crescent formation and heart tube development along with vascular systemic foundation and even further steps. The human Elongating Multi-Lineage Organized Cardiac (EMLOC) gastruloid model captures these stages and additional events including chamber genesis, patterned vascularization, and extrinsic central and intrinsic cardiac nervous system (CNS-ICNS) integration guided by spatiotemporal and morphogenic processes with neural crest cells. Gastruloid synthetic embryology heart models offer new insights into previously hidden processes of development and provide powerful platforms for addressing heart disease that extends beyond cardiomyocytes, such as arrhythmogenic diseases, congenital defects, and systemic injury interactions, as in spinal cord injuries. The holistic view that is emerging will reveal heart development and disease in unprecedented detail to drive transformative state-of-the-art innovative applications for heart health.
BMP9 induces postnatal zonal stratification of immature articular cartilage through reconfiguration of the existing collagen framework
Authors: Anderson-Watters Miles , Khan Ilyas M.
Published: January 2025

Articular cartilage lines bones in synovial joints, and its main structural element, collagen, has an arcade-like arrangement formed from an initially random network in a process called postnatal maturation. This reshaping of the extracellular matrix is similar across all species and is critical for the lifelong strength and durability of cartilage. Collagen remodelling during maturation is difficult to study because it spans a period of time between birth and puberty, and in larger animals this can be months or years. In this study, we show that growth factor bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP9) induces collagen remodelling in intact immature articular cartilage explants within 21 days, generating the characteristic arcade-like structure and zonal anisotropic architecture of adult cartilage. In explants exposed to BMP9, collagen fibrils underwent angular displacement from 19° to 78° with respect to the surface, cell density decreased 1.77-fold, and chondrons were significantly larger. The absence of labelling with anti-COL2¾m, a marker of collagen turnover, showed that the existing fibril network was restructured. We found that stromelysin-1 (metalloproteinase-3, MMP3) gene expression was consistently upregulated, whilst other MMP transcript levels were unchanged or reduced. Remodelling was dependent on proteoglycan turnover and could be inhibited using PD166973. These data suggest a possible mechanism whereby MMP3 induces proteoglycan turnover and depolymerises collagen fibrils enabling them to undergo spatial reorganisation. This process may be driven by tissue swelling, which generates directional strain to align fibrils into an arcade-like pattern. The ability to induce tissue maturation advances the potential for engineering durable and functional cartilage for patients requiring joint repair due to diseases such as osteoarthritis.
A novel multi-scale and fine-grained network for large choroidal vessels segmentation in OCT
Authors: Huang Wei , Yan Qifeng , Mou Lei , Zhao Yitian , Chen Wei
Published: January 2025

Accurate segmentation of large choroidal vessels using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images enables unprecedented quantitative analysis to understand choroidal diseases. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-scale and fine-grained network called MFGNet. Since choroidal vessels are small targets, long-range dependencies need to be considered, therefore, we developed a two-branch fine-grained feature extraction module that can mix the long-range information extracted by TransFormer with the local information extracted by convolution in parallel, introducing information exchange between the two branches. To address the problem of low contrast and blurred boundaries of choroidal vessels in OCT images, we developed a large kernel and multi-scale attention module, which can improve the features of the target area through multi-scale convolution kernels, channel mixing and feature refinement. We quantitatively evaluated the MFGNet on 800 OCT images with large choroidal vessels manually annotated. The experimental results show that the proposed method has the best performance compared to the most advanced segmentation networks currently available. It is noteworthy that the large choroidal vessels were reconstructed in three dimensions (3D) based on the segmentation results and several 3D morphological parameters were calculated. The statistical analysis of these parameters revealed significant differences between the healthy control group and the high myopia group, thereby confirming the value of the proposed work in facilitating subsequent understanding of the disease and clinical decision-making.
Effect of ticagrelor combined with metoprolol extended-release tablets on cardiac function and clinical prognosis in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wang Lili , Gao Linlin , Chen Qin , Chen Li , Xu Hui , Sun Ling , Hu Youbin
Published: January 2025

Background

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) poses significant risks to older individuals. This study sought to assess the impact of combining ticagrelor and metoprolol extended-release tablets on clinical prognosis and cardiac function in elderly ACS patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

From February 2022 to February 2023, 90 elderly ACS patients who underwent PCI at our institution were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups: an observation group (OG) and a control group (CG), with 45 patients in each group. The CG received oral metoprolol extended-release tablets, while the OG received both oral metoprolol extended-release tablets and ticagrelor. Prognostic indicators and cardiac function were evaluated before and after treatment.

Results

The treatment effectiveness rate in the OG was 97.78%, significantly higher than the CG's rate of 77.78% (P < 0.05). Post-treatment, the OG displayed notable improvements in cardiac function, including significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and cardiac index (CI) compared to the CG (P < 0.05). Both groups experienced enhanced exercise capacity, as evidenced by longer exercise duration (ED) and improved 6-min walking test (6MWT) results, with the OG showing superior gains (P < 0.05). Additionally, the OG had significantly higher serum levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) than the CG (P < 0.05). Decreases in serum levels of sICAM-1, MMP-9, and hs-CRP were observed in both groups, with more pronounced improvements in the OG (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse prognostic events in the OG was significantly lower at 8.89%, compared to 37.78% in the CG (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Ticagrelor combined with metoprolol extended-release tablets can significantly improve cardiac function, motor performance, and quality of life in ACS patients after PCI. Additionally, it effectively increases myocardial injury markers and reduces serum inflammatory factor levels.
Effect of SY009, a novel SGLT1 inhibitor, on the plasma metabolome and bile acids in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yang Haoyi , Zhang Yuwen , Hong Yuxin , Wei Yuan , Zhu Yuning , Huang Lei , Yang Yuanxun , Sun Runbin , Li Juan
Published: January 2025

Context

As a novel SGLT1 inhibitor, SY-009 has been preliminarily confirmed in a phase Ib clinical study for its ability to reduce postprandial blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the effects of SY-009 on human plasma metabolomics are still unknown.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the effects of SY-009 on plasma metabolomics in patients with T2DM and the potential metabolic regulatory mechanism involved.

Study design

In the phase Ib study, a total of 50 participants with T2DM were enrolled and randomly assigned to the 0.5 mg BID, 1 mg BID, 2 mg BID, 1 mg QD, and 2 mg QD dose groups, with a 4:1 random allocation within each group to receive either the SY-009 capsule or placebo. We conducted untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses on plasma samples from the phase Ib clinical study.

Results

Untargeted metabolomics revealed that, after SY009 treatment, there were differences in metabolic pathways, including primary bile acid biosynthesis; biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid; steroid hormone biosynthesis; purine metabolism; phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. In particular, the increase in bile acid-related metabolites in the 2 mg BID group was significantly greater than that in the placebo group, and unsaturated fatty acid-related metabolites decreased in both the 2 mg BID group and the placebo group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. After comprehensive consideration, bile acids were taken as our target for accurate quantification via targeted metabolomics. Compared with those in the placebo group, the levels of several bile acids were significantly greater in the SY-009-treated groups. Moreover, the proportion of free bile acids decreased significantly, the proportion of glycine-conjugated bile acids increased significantly, the proportion of taurine-conjugated bile acids tended to be stable, and PBA/SBA significantly increased after SY-009 administration.

Conclusions

SY-009 caused a series of postprandial plasma metabolite changes in patients with T2DM, especially significant changes in the bile acid profile, which provides a new perspective on the mechanism by which SY-009 lowers blood glucose.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04345107.
Fathers’ perceptions of factors associated with the attainment of paternity leave: a qualitative study
Authors: Mita Naoyuki , Khin Yu Par , Nawa Nobutoshi , Yamaoka Yui , Fujiwara Takeo
Published: January 2025

Background

A systematic review has reported that paternal involvement is beneficial in reducing social, behavioural and psychological problems in children. However, little research has investigated factors associated with the attainment of paternity leave.

Objective

The objective of this study was to explore fathers’ perceptions of the factors associated with taking paternity leave.

Participants and setting

Overall, 21 in-depth interviews were conducted with fathers to obtain information on their perceptions of paternity leave. We also conducted key informant interviews with four supervisors at companies to understand their opinions on paternity leaves and ensure that the implications of this study are relevant at workplaces.

Methods

Thematic analysis was adopted to analyse the data. Deductive coding was conducted based on previous studies on paternity leave, followed by inductive coding and modification of the initial codes. The final codes were organised based on the social-ecological model.

Results

Themes associated with taking paternity leave included fathers’ career aspirations, fathers’ commitment to supporting infants or mothers, mothers’ or infants’ need for fathers’ involvement, colleagues’ outlook on paternity leaves, fathers’ work schedules or responsibilities, support from relatives, paternity leave policies, and trends toward fathers’ involvement. The supervisors mentioned themes related to paternity leave from the broader perspective of long-term effects and impact on the organisation.

Conclusions

This study revealed fathers’ perceptions regarding the factors associated with taking paternity leave. The results may provide useful information on how to create an environment in which fathers can easily take paternity leave.
Serum and tear autoantibodies from NOD and NOR mice as potential diagnostic indicators of local and systemic inflammation in Sjögren’s disease
Authors: Singh Kakan Shruti , Abdelhamid Sara , Ju Yaping , MacKay J. Andrew , Edman Maria C. , Raman Indu , Zhu Chengsong , Raj Prithvi , Hamm-Alvarez Sarah F.
Published: January 2025

Background

Sjögren’s Disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands (LG). The LG produces the protein-rich aqueous component of tears, and SjD-associated autoimmune dacryoadenitis (AD) may thus alter tear autoantibody composition.

Methods

The presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in LG from two murine models of SjD-associated AD, male non-obese diabetic (NOD) and male non-obese insulitis resistant (NOR) mice, were evaluated using immunofluorescence. IgG and IgA reactivity in serum and tears from these models were probed in three studies against a panel of 80-120 autoantigens using autoantibody microarrays relative to serum and tears from healthy male BALB/c mice. Sources of Ig in tears were investigated using scRNA-Seq of the LG (GSE132420). Data were analyzed by R package Limma and Seurat.

Results

Analysis of immunofluorescence in LG sections from both SjD models showed TLS. Only one autoantibody was significantly elevated in tears and serum in both SjD models across all studies. Three autoantibodies were significantly elevated in serum but not in tears in both SjD models across all studies. Conversely, six IgG and thirteen IgA autoantibodies (6 sharing the same autoantigen) were significantly elevated in tears but not serum in both SjD models. Igha and Ighg2b expressing cells were identified in the plasma cell cluster of NOD.H2b LG.

Conclusion

NOD and NOR mice with SjD-associated AD have distinct autoantibody profiles in tears and serum. Tear IgA isotype autoantibodies showed a greater diversity than tear IgG autoantibodies. TLS observed in LG are a likely source of the tear autoantibodies.
Advances in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children
Authors: Meng Guangqiang , Feng Saran , Wang Yan
Published: January 2025

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease caused by clonal expansion of CD1a+/CD207+ cells and is characterized by organ involvement and dysfunction. Treatment of LCH in children is risk-adapted, and multisystem LCH requires systemic therapy. Although systemic treatments such as chemotherapy and BRAF/MEK inhibitors have improved the cure rate of LCH, disease reactivation rates remain 30%, and eventually some patients progress to relapse-refractory LCH. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a promising salvage treatment strategy for children with relapse-refractory LCH. However, many questions such as the efficacy and indications of allo-HSCT, as well as suitable conditioning regimen are still undetermined for children with LCH. This review aimed to provide an update on advances in allo-HSCT for LCH in children, including indications, stem cell sources, conditioning regimens, chimerism, transplant-related complications, outcomes, and treatment of relapse.
Case report: A case of type 1 diabetes with diabetic ketoacidosis induced by envafolimab treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Youjia , Qu Kai , Li Xiuli , Yang Xin , Zhang Kanghuai , Xie Jiao
Published: January 2025

This case report presents a 57-year-old male with hepatocellular carcinoma who developed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) following treatment with Envafolimab, a PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. The patient experienced a rapid onset of hyperglycemia and DKA after several cycles of Envafolimab, consistent with the pattern of diabetes induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Notably, the absence of diabetes-related autoantibodies suggests that the diabetes was induced by the immune-modulating effects of Envafolimab rather than a pre-existing autoimmune condition. Management required intensive insulin therapy and a multidisciplinary approach to stabilize the patient’s health. This case underscores the critical need for heightened clinical awareness and early intervention in managing severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with novel ICIs like Envafolimab. The complexity of autoimmune-related adverse events, such as the negative autoimmune profiles observed in our patient, emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration to optimize patient outcomes. We advocate for the establishment of long-term follow-up plans, including regular monitoring for potential irAEs and endocrine function assessments, to address the chronicity of conditions post-ICI treatment. Recognizing the limitations of current understanding, there is a clear call for further research, particularly on identifying biomarkers that may predict adverse reactions to immunotherapy, to guide precision medicine and improve patient safety.