bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrated rolling horizon and adaptive-refinement approach for disjoint trajectories optimization
Authors: Hoch Benno , Liers Frauke
Published: April 2022

Planning for multiple commodities simultaneously is a challenging task arising in divers applications, including robot motion or various forms of traffic management. Separation constraints between commodities frequently have to be considered to ensure safe trajectories, i.e., paths over time. Discrete decisions to ensure at least one of often multiple possible separation conditions renders planning of best possible continuous trajectories even more complex. Hence, the resulting disjoint trajectories optimization problems are mostly solved sequentially or with restricted planning space, potentially leading to losses in the usage of sparse resources and system capacities. To tackle these drawbacks, we develop a graph-based model for disjoint trajectories optimization with general separation requirements. We present a novel technique to derive a discretization for the full available space of motion. This can depict arbitrary, potentially non-convex, restricted areas. This necessitates solving an integer linear optimization program whose size scales with the number of discretization points. Thus, even for moderately sized instances a sufficiently detailed representation of space and time leads to models too large for state of the art hard- and software. To overcome this issue, we develop an adaptive-refinement algorithm: Starting from an optimal solution to the integer program in a coarse discretization, the algorithm re-optimizes trajectories in an adaptively-refined discretized neighborhood of the current solution. This is further integrated into a rolling horizon approach. We apply our approach to the integrated trajectory optimization and runway scheduling in the surrounding of airports. Computational experiments with realistic instances demonstrate the efficiency of the method.
Monthly Streamflow Modeling Based on Self-Organizing Maps and Satellite-Estimated Rainfall Data
Authors: do Nascimento Thiago Victor Medeiros , Santos Celso Augusto Guimarães , de Farias Camilo Allyson Simões , da Silva Richarde Marques
Published: April 2022

Hydrological data provide valuable information for the decision-making process in water resources management, where long and complete time series are always desired. However, it is common to deal with missing data when working on streamflow time series. Rainfall-streamflow modeling is an alternative to overcome such a difficulty. In this paper, self-organizing maps (SOM) were developed to simulate monthly inflows to a reservoir based on satellite-estimated gridded precipitation time series. Three different calibration datasets from Três Marias Reservoir, composed of inflows (targets) and 91 TRMM-estimated rainfall data (inputs), from 1998 to 2019, were used. The results showed that the inflow data homogeneity pattern influenced the rainfall-streamflow modeling. The models generally showed superior performance during the calibration phase, whereas the outcomes varied depending on the data homogeneity pattern and the chosen SOM structure in the testing phase. Regardless of the input data homogeneity, the SOM networks showed excellent results for the rainfall-runoff modeling, presenting Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients greater than 0.90.

Graphical Abstract
Endovascular Removal of Foreign Bodies: Single Center Experience
Authors: Lyu Tianshi , Cao Shoujin , Wang Jian , Song Li , Tong Xiaoqiang , Zou Yinghua
Published: April 2022

Catheter rupture or displacement is a serious and rare complication of central venous catheterization, with an incidence of approximately 1%. Once the intravascular foreign body is found, it should be removed as soon as possible. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of endovascular techniques for the removal of intravascular foreign bodies. This was a retrospective analysis of 23 patients with intravascular foreign bodies admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to June 2019 summarizing the types and locations of foreign bodies and the removal techniques. Overall Twenty-three cases of intravascular foreign bodies were successfully treated with endovascular techniques, for a technical success rate of 100%. The types of foreign bodies included 14 infusion port catheters (60.9%), 6 peripherally inserted central catheters (26.1%), 2 temporary deep vein catheters (8.7%), and 1 intravenous stent (4.3%). The most common orientation of foreign body displacement was one end of the foreign body in the inferior vena cava and the other end in the right atrium (14/23, 60.9%). In terms of technique, all patients underwent removal procedures with only one venous access point. The operative time ranged from 6 to 153 min, with an average of 28.7 min. This study preliminarily demonstrates the safety and efficacy of percutaneous interventional intravascular foreign body removal. Endovascular techniques are minimally invasive and reliable and can be used to safely and effectively remove intravascular foreign bodies.
Muscle Force Contributions to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading
Authors: Maniar Nirav , Cole Michael H. , Bryant Adam L. , Opar David A.
Published: April 2022

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common knee pathologies sustained during athletic participation and are characterised by long convalescence periods and associated financial burden. Muscles have the ability to increase or decrease the mechanical loads on the ACL, and thus are viable targets for preventative interventions. However, the relationship between muscle forces and ACL loading has been investigated by many different studies, often with differing methods and conclusions. Subsequently, this review aimed to summarise the evidence of the relationship between muscle force and ACL loading. A range of studies were found that investigated muscle and ACL loading during controlled knee flexion, as well as a range of weightbearing tasks such as walking, lunging, sidestep cutting, landing and jumping. The quadriceps and the gastrocnemius were found to increase load on the ACL by inducing anterior shear forces at the tibia, particularly when the knee is extended. The hamstrings and soleus appeared to unload the ACL by generating posterior tibial shear force; however, for the hamstrings, this effect was contingent on the knee being flexed greater than ~ 20° to 30°. The gluteus medius was consistently shown to oppose the knee valgus moment (thus unloading the ACL) to a magnitude greater than any other muscle. Very little evidence was found for other muscle groups with respect to their contribution to the loading or unloading of the ACL. It is recommended that interventions aiming to reduce the risk of ACL injury consider specifically targeting the function of the hamstrings, soleus and gluteus medius.
Powers of monomial ideals with characteristic-dependent Betti numbers
Authors: Bolognini Davide , Macchia Antonio , Strazzanti Francesco , Welker Volkmar
Published: April 2022

We explore the dependence of the Betti numbers of monomial ideals on the characteristic of the field. A first observation is that for a fixed prime p either the i-th Betti number of all high enough powers of a monomial ideal differs in characteristic 0 and in characteristic p or it is the same for all high enough powers. In our main results, we provide constructions and explicit examples of monomial ideals all of whose powers have some characteristic-dependent Betti numbers or whose asymptotic regularity depends on the field. We prove that, adding a monomial on new variables to a monomial ideal allows to spread the characteristic dependence to all powers. For any given prime p, this produces an edge ideal such that all its powers have some Betti numbers that are different over $$\mathbb {Q}$$
Q
and over $$\mathbb {Z}_p$$

Z
p

. Moreover, we show that, for every $$r \ge 0$$

r
≥
0

and $$i \ge 3$$

i
≥
3

there is a monomial ideal I such that some coefficient in a degree $$\ge r$$

≥
r

of the Kodiyalam polynomials $${\mathfrak {P}}_3(I),\ldots ,{\mathfrak {P}}_{i+r}(I)$$

P
3

(
I
)

,
…
,

P

i
+
r

(
I
)

depends on the characteristic. We also provide a summary of related results and speculate about the behavior of other combinatorially defined ideals.
A system for electric vehicle’s energy-aware routing in a transportation network through real-time prediction of energy consumption
Authors: Modi Shatrughan , Bhattacharya Jhilik
Published: April 2022

To tackle the problem of range anxiety of a driver of an electric vehicle (EV), it is necessary to accurately estimate the power/energy consumption of EVs in real time, so that drivers can get real-time information about the vehicle’s remaining range. In addition, it can be used for energy-aware routing, i.e., the driver can be provided with information that on which route less energy consumption will take place. In this paper, an integrated system has been proposed which can provide reliable and real-time estimate of the energy consumption for an EV. The approach uses Deep Auto-Encoders (DAE), cross-connected using latent space mapping, which consider historical traffic speed to predict the traffic speed at multiple time steps in future. The predicted traffic speed is used to calculate the future vehicle speed. The vehicle speed, acceleration along with wind speed, road elevation, temperature, battery’s SOC, and auxiliary loads are used as input to a multi-channel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to predict the energy consumption. The prediction is further fine-tuned using a Bagged Decision Tree (BDT). Unlike other existing techniques, the proposed system can be easily generalized for other vehicles as it is independent of internal vehicle parameters. Comparison with other benchmark techniques shows that the proposed system performs better and has a least mean absolute percentage error of 1.57%.
Attempting to measure the intensity of opposing feelings in elections: A polarization approach to Catalonia’s independence case
Authors: Maza Adolfo , Hierro María
Published: April 2022

This paper addresses the Catalonian political process for independence. Based on the outcome of the 2017 Catalonian Regional Election, it firstly innovates by building an independence-feeling indicator for each municipality. Subsequently, we resort to the concept of polarization to assess the level of inherent conflict. Besides, we evaluate to what extent polarization can be explained by different variables. Then, in the second part of the paper, we redo the analysis but, to handle the potential aggregation problem that arises with geographically reference data (MAUP problem), we compute for each municipality two (antiindependence-feeling and proindependence-feeling) indicators rather than one. In doing so, we avoid merging votes that offset each other and, by applying the polarization index, we not only test for (inter-) polarization but also (intra-) polarization (within municipalities). The results show important differences. More specifically, although polarization across municipalities is relatively small, there is a high level of polarization within them. Moreover, while population density, Catalan proficiency and place of birth are instrumental when explaining polarization if a single indicator is computed, in the case of two indicators unemployment rate, age and wealth also emerge as remarkable variables, while among the three previous ones the importance of population density decreases.
Integrated weld preparation designs for the joining of L-PBF and conventional components via TIG welding
Authors: Geisen Ole , Müller Vinzenz , Graf Benjamin , Rethmeier Michael
Published: April 2022

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of entire assemblies is not typically practical for technical and economic reasons. The build size limitations and high production costs of L-PBF make it competitive for smaller, highly complex components, while the less complex elements of an assembly are manufactured conventionally. This leads to scenarios that use L-PBF only where it’s beneficial, and it require an integration and joining to form the final product. For example, L-PBF combustion swirlers are welded onto cast parts to produce combustion systems for stationary gas turbines. Today, the welding process requires complex welding fixtures and tack welds to ensure the correct alignment and positioning of the parts for repeatable weld results. In this paper, L-PBF and milled weld preparations are presented as a way to simplify the Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of rotationally symmetrical geometries using integrated features for alignment and fixation. Pipe specimens with the proposed designs are manufactured in Inconel 625 using L-PBF and milling. The pipe assembly is tested and TIG welding is performed for validation. 3D scans of the pipes before and after welding are evaluated, and the weld quality is examined via metallography and computed tomography (CT) scans. All welds produced in this study passed the highest evaluation group B according to DIN 5817. Thanks to good component alignment, safe handling, and a stable welding process, the developed designs eliminate the need for part-specific fixtures, simplify the process chain, and increase the process reliability. The results are applicable to a wide range of components with similar requirements.
Improving the fatigue life of printed structures using stochastic variations
Authors: van den Broek Sander , Wolff Johannes , Scheffler Sven , Hühne Christian , Rolfes Raimund
Published: April 2022

Additive manufacturing allows designers to create geometries that would not be possible or economical to manufacture using traditional manufacturing processes. Production with these technologies does, however, introduce a large amount of variation and additional unknowns. These random variations from idealized geometry or material properties can harm the performance of the design. The current work presents an approach to improve the fatigue life of such structures, and simultaneously reduce its influence from random variations in local thickness. Following an initial numerical study, the results are experimentally validated. Experimental results show a significant improvement in fatigue life in the redesigned sample with a tailored thickness distribution.
Economics of the community mechanism
Authors: Ogaki Masao
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses the importance of the community mechanism that complements the market and power mechanisms in an economic system during an era of crisis, defined as a mechanism for resource allocation by which at least one person proposes voluntary cooperation, and the proposal is not rejected. While this community mechanism can function alongside homo economicus in win–win situations, it can be further activated with social preferences for altruism and reciprocity and with norms or worldviews that encourage cooperation. Other factors that relate to these include the character strengths that contribute to community and society known as virtues, with the concept of wellbeing related to virtues being known as eudaimonia. Some aspects of the acquisition of virtues can be viewed as changing preferences, and there is empirical evidence suggesting changes in trust relate to changes in preferences. Leadership is an example of the virtue of justice, and servant leadership seems important for the community mechanism, as does perspective taking. For evaluating policies, normative economics based only on consequentialism may not be sufficient, and virtue ethics seems essential when the community mechanism is important.
The Soliton Wave Solutions and Bifurcations of the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Dissipative Long Wave Equation
Authors: Yang Deniu , Zhang Juan
Published: April 2022

With the help of the bifurcation theory of dynamical differential system and maple software, we shall devote ourselves to research travelling wave solutions and bifurcations of the (2 + 1)-dimensional dissipative long wave equation. The study of travelling wave solutions for long wave equation derives a planar Hamiltonian system. Based on phase portraits, we obtain exact explicit expressions of some bounded traveling wave solutions and some important singular traveling wave solutions, under different parametric conditions.
Paternal investment, stepfather presence and early child development and growth among Serbian Roma
Authors: Čvorović Jelena
Published: April 2022

Research on paternal investment and child growth and development is limited outside of high-income countries. Using nationally representative data from low-resource Serbian Roma communities, this study examined father investment (direct care), its predictors and the associations between paternal investment, stepfather presence and child physical growth and early development. The sample included 1222 children aged 35–59 months, out of which 235 were living with biological fathers. Child outcomes included height-for-age Z-scores, stunting and early child developmental score. Roma paternal investment was relatively low. There was a positive association of father investment and children's height, and no association with developmental score. The presence of father vs. stepfather did not exert any influence on children. Instead, maternal and child characteristics explained both the overall development and height for Roma children. Thus, older children, born to literate, lower parity mothers of higher status and greater investment had better developmental and growth outcomes; girls were the preferred sex, owing to expected fitness benefits. Reverse causality emerged as the most likely pathway through which the cross-sectional association of father direct care with child growth may manifest, such that Roma fathers tend to bias their investment towards taller, more endowed children, because of greater fitness pay-off.
Caught between sovereignty and solidarity? A multidimensional revisitation of EU mass–elite congruence
Authors: Pareschi Andrea , Giglioli M. F. N. , Baldini Gianfranco
Published: April 2022

This article undertakes a critical revisitation of mass–elite congruence on EU matters, taking stock of 30 years of research and addressing durable ambiguities flagged by recent scholarship. Its specific contribution leverages EUEngage elite and mass survey data gathered in 2016 in 10 European countries. Examining congruence at both the country and the party level, we carry out an uncommon multidimensional analysis that encompasses general European integration and certain key sub-dimensions. At both levels, we perform a distinctive systematization of multiple approaches to the assessment of EU issue congruence, probing the substantive consistency of ensuing results. The findings qualify and soften the conventional wisdom of a chasm between pro-European elites and lukewarm citizens. While most countries exhibit pro-EU elite bias in terms of averages and proportions alike, mass–elite alignment is the rule when the general dimension and its sub-dimensions are understood as binary. Party-level analyses display different outcomes, depending on whether party positions are derived from elites' self-placement or their voters' perceptions, yet discrepancies are generally lower than in past assessments. Altogether, ‘constraining dissensus’ chiefly emerges along sub-dimensions concerning decision-making authority, as opposed to sub-dimensions evoking solidarity and burden-sharing. The layered panorama of congruence and incongruence implies a dependence of mass–elite interplays on context and sub-dimensions, drawing attention to the mediating role of critical junctures and elite entrepreneurship.
Effect of maternal employment on child nutritional status in Bale Robe Town, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Ketema Bezawit , Bosha Tafese , Feleke Fentaw Wassie
Published: April 2022

Adequate nutrition is essential for early childhood to ensure healthy growth, proper organ formation, and function, a strong immune system, neurological and cognitive development. The main aim of the present study was to assess the effect of maternal employment on nutritional status among children aged 6–23 months in the town of Bale Robe, Ethiopia. A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on about 597 (293 unemployed and 304 employed) having children aged 6–23-month-old children sampled were employed with a multistage sampling technique. A face-to-face interview was conducted using a structured pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used for the statistical analysis. The magnitude of stunting (39.9 %), underweight (39⋅9 %) and wasting (22⋅2 %) was greater in 6–23-month-old children born to employed mothers than their counterparts in unemployed ones [stunted (31⋅3 %), underweight (24⋅0 %) and wasted (11⋅8 %)]. Being a girl [AOR 0⋅31; 95 % CI (0⋅17, 0⋅54)] in employed mothers and [AOR 0⋅29; 95 % CI (0⋅16, 0⋅51)] in unemployed people significantly protected stunting. This study demonstrated that the nutritional status of 6–23-month-old children is better among unemployed mothers than among employed mothers. Therefore, concerted efforts may decrease child undernutrition in a study area.
The Azerbaijani Diaspora in Turkey: Integration, Reintegration, and the Production of Identity
Authors: Garibova Jala
Published: April 2022

The youngest generation of the Azerbaijani diaspora in Turkey was formed almost immediately after the downfall of the Soviet Union, resulting in the increased emigration of Azerbaijanis to foreign countries, in particular to Turkey, where the language barrier is minimal due to linguistic proximity. This article is an attempt to investigate the dynamics of identity production (and, consequently, senses of belonging) of the most recent generations of the Azerbaijani diaspora in Turkey in relationship to their linguistic and cultural repertoires. While language and culture are key factors in identity production, linguistic and cultural practices may be influenced by various social factors. I have therefore tried to examine the identity paradigms of Azerbaijanis living in Turkey in the frameworks of their ethno-national, socio-cultural, and socio-communicative perceptions. The survey I conducted for this purpose mostly covers post-Soviet immigrants to Turkey and, to a lesser extent, earlier generations of Azerbaijanis who settled in Turkey during Soviet times.
The chondrichthyan fossil record of the Florida Platform (Eocene–Pleistocene)
Authors: Perez Victor J.
Published: April 2022

As of September 2019, the Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMNH) had a curated collection of 117,449 chondrichthyan specimens from Florida, spanning the Eocene through the Pleistocene. Herein, I evaluate the completeness of the chondrichthyan fossil record from Florida based on the FLMNH collection, while analyzing patterns in taxonomic and ecomorphological diversity. At least 70 chondrichthyan taxa were recognized, representing 10 orders, 26 families, and 42 genera; of which, 20 taxa represent first occurrences from Florida. A sample of 107,698 specimens was organized into 12 time bins to analyze taxonomic and ecomorphological diversity, with an expectation that diversity patterns would correspond with global climate events (e.g., the Eocene–Oligocene transition and the middle Miocene climatic optimum). However, diversity patterns were obscured by pervasive sampling bias, attributable to variable collection methods, research prioritizations, and regional lithologic controls. Sampling is particularly poor for smaller specimens and older geologic units (e.g., the Paleogene). Despite incomplete sampling of the Florida chondrichthyan fossil record, there was an apparent turnover along the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains from a lamniform- to carcharhiniform-dominated chondrichthyan fauna that occurred during the Eocene. This turnover corresponded with the extinction of many lamniform taxa with grasping-dominated dentition types (e.g.,Brachycarcharias,Jaekelotodus, andMacrorhizodus). Selachian taxa that survived the late Eocene extinctions were predominantly represented by cutting-dominant dentition types. As cutting aids in the dismemberment of prey, this may reflect a macroevolutionary trend toward active predation and scavenging on larger prey, such as marine mammals, teleost fish, and other sharks.
Performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection compared with Kato–Katz and real-time PCR
Authors: Allam A.F. , Kamel M.A.-N. , Farag H.F. , Raheem H.G. , Shehab A.Y. , Hagras N.A.-E.
Published: April 2022

The performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection of Schistosoma mansoni DNA from stool and urine samples in comparison with Kato–Katz and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was studied. After obtaining informed consent, 50 children participated in the present study and agreed to submit stool and urine samples. Stool samples were examined by Kato–Katz. Both real-time PCR and LAMP techniques were applied on stool and urine samples. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 46% in stool and urine samples as detected by the employed techniques, and 90% of cases had light infection intensity. The highest percentage of infection was diagnosed by real-time PCR (44%), followed by Kato–Katz (42%) and LAMP in the stool (36%), while the lowest percentages of infection were diagnosed by real-time PCR and LAMP in urine samples (24% and 14%, respectively). Kato–Katz, real-time PCR and LAMP showed 100% specificity where the sensitivity was 91.3%, 95.7% and 78.3%, respectively, in stool samples. Real-time PCR and LAMP showed lower sensitivity in urine samples. The LAMP assay is a promising technique for S. mansoni diagnosis in endemic countries of moderate and high-intensity infection. Yet, it needs further optimization, particularly in urine samples.
Compositional and functional features of the gut microbiota of the intertidal snailNerita yoldiialong China's coast
Authors: Zhu Ya-Jie , Liao Ming-Ling , Ding Meng-Wen , Wang Zhao-Kai , Dong Yun-Wei
Published: April 2022

The gut microbiota plays an important role in animals’ survival in their local environments. The intertidal rocky shore is a key interface of oceanic, atmospheric and terrestrial environments, and the transmission modes of microbes between an intertidal host and the environment are complex and largely ignored. In the present study, we characterized the gut microbiota of the intertidal snailNerita yoldii, which is experiencing a northward range shift under the combined impacts of climate change and anthropogenic seascape transformation, and also determined the nearby environmental microbiota on the rock and in the seawater at five locations along the snail's distribution range in China. The gut microbial communities were significantly different from the environmental microbial communities, and the dominant phyla were Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria in the gut, rock and seawater microbial communities, respectively. At the genus level,Mycoplasma, with a relative abundance of 48.0 ± 10.2%, was the dominant genus in the gut microbial community, however, the relative abundances of this genus on the rock and in the water were low. These results imply that the gut microbial community of the intertidal snailN. yoldiiis relatively independent from the environmental microbial community, and the dominant genusMycoplasmain the gut, that is rare in the environment, can potentially assist the snail living in the harsh intertidal environment, especially at its northernmost distribution range edge.
Peacemaking in a shifting world order: A macro-level analysis of UN mediation in Syria
Authors: Hellmüller Sara
Published: April 2022

Failures to bring internationalised civil wars, such as in Syria, Libya, or Yemen, to a negotiated agreement have led to a questioning of the UN's role in peacemaking. The literature explains such mediation outcomes by examining micro-level aspects pertaining to either the mediation process or the conflict context. While both are important, they are influenced by macro-level dynamics related to world politics that have received less attention. Yet, such an awareness of the structural context in which mediation takes place is particularly relevant in times of tectonic shifts in world politics, such as the current change in world order from unipolarity to multipolarity. This article fills this gap by exploring the mechanisms through which macro- and micro-level factors interact in mediation, illustrated by the case of the UN mediation in Syria. The article thereby makes two contributions. First, it provides an analysis of the link between world politics and UN mediation by complementing micro-level explanations with a macro-level perspective. Second, it allows for a better understanding of UN mediation in internationalised civil wars, and particularly in Syria. Overall, the article contributes to reflections on how the UN can keep its relevance in peacemaking in a shifting world order.
Detection of abnormal ship trajectory based on the complex polygon
Authors: Weng Jinxian , Li Guorong , Zhao Yahui
Published: April 2022

Ship anomaly detection is a vital aspect for monitoring navigational safety in specific water areas. Considering the effect of water channel boundaries, we propose the detection of an abnormal ship trajectory based on the complex polygon (DATCP) method to detect ship anomalies in this study. With the automatic identification systems (AIS) data from the Yangtze River estuary, a case study is created to verify the effectiveness of the proposed DATCP method. The case study results reveal that the proposed DATCP method can provide higher detection accuracy than the conventional A* algorithm. The feature analysis results indicate that ship anomalies are significantly influenced by ship type, time period, weather conditions and ship traffic characteristics.
Taking Refuge in Religion: Buddhist-Oriented Coping following Late-Life Immigration
Authors: Wijekoon Sachindri , Laliberte Rudman Debbie , Hand Carri , Polgar Jan
Published: April 2022

Despite a recognition of religion as a resource for coping in later life, few studies have examined how religion is summoned to cope with the stressors of late-life immigration. Drawing upon data generated in a phenomenological study of the aging-out-place experience, this article presents a hermeneutic analysis of textual extracts addressing 10 Sri Lankan-born late-life immigrants’ Buddhist beliefs and practices, and how these beliefs and practices contributed to coping with immigration stressors. Four shared experiences facilitated through religious engagement were revealed: religious engagement as a source of purpose, making meaning of suffering and experiencing hope, non-attachment, and connecting to the past and the ethnoreligious community. Late-life immigrants drew on religious engagement to remain resolute amidst adversities, thus reinforcing the importance of culturally responsive milieus and services to support religion-focused coping. Findings are interpreted in relation to Pargament’s (1997) theory of religious coping.
Hockey Puck Strike Rates and Injuries at National Hockey League Games: A Retrospective Analysis of Data from Six Seasons
Authors: Milsten Andrew , Ness Joshua
Published: April 2022

Importance:

This paper provides a large-scale, per-National Hockey League (NHL) season analysis of hockey puck strike (HPS) injury data and also provides estimates of injury frequency and severity.

Objective:

The study’s goal was to quantify and describe the rate and type of spectator HPS injuries at NHL games.

Design:

This was a retrospective review of summary data reports for patients evaluated by on-site health care providers over six seasons (2013-2018). Data were obtained from a single Emergency Medical Service (EMS) agency.

Setting:

Location of study was one US-based NHL venue.

Results:

There were 51 HPS recorded. This accounted for 0.93% of total patient contacts translating to a patient per 10,000 (PPTT) of 0.116. This was compared to a PPTT of 12.6 for all patient contacts. The average age of a patron with a HPS was 31 years old. There was an even split between male and female patrons with HPS. The most common location for a HPS was the head or face (75%) followed by upper extremity injuries. Laceration was most frequently diagnosed followed by contusions and pain. Approximately one-quarter of people struck by hockey pucks were transported to the hospital, with the transport to hospital rate (TTHR) being 0.027, compared to the total TTHR of 2.7.

Conclusions and Relevance:

Hockey is a safe sport to watch, although HPS are the spectator hazard of concern given that pucks can travel into the stands at 100mph. Most injuries are minor and occur only one percent of the time; but when they do occur, these fans tend to need transport to the hospital. Finally, HPS tend to occur along the lateral sides of the rink where the glass level is lower and there is no protective netting.
The Utilization of Handheld Ultrasound Devices in a Prehospital Setting
Authors: Ienghong Kamonwon , Cheung Lap Woon , Tiamkao Somsak , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Apiratwarakul Korakot
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Prehospital ultrasounds can be considered a new form of diagnostic tool when taking into account their small structure and due to the fact that nowadays, they are used in the care of emergency patients. However, at present, there is no study regarding the advantage of ultrasound usage in prehospital settings in Thailand.

Study Objective:

This study aims to determine the sonographic characteristics recorded by handheld ultrasounds used in prehospital care and the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasounds for prehospital patients.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on prehospital patients who underwent point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) examination on Emergency Medical Service (EMS) operations at Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand from January 2021 through December 2021. The ultrasound images, the electronic emergency department medical records, and the EMS database were recorded and reviewed by a team of emergency physicians. The quality of prehospital ultrasound examinations was assessed by comparing the diagnoses at the scene with those taken at the hospital.

Results:

One hundred sixty-nine prehospital patients who received POCUS examinations were examined over a one-year period. All (100.0%) of the scans were for medical cases. No ultrasound protocol was used in the prehospital care. Two hundred eight POCUS examinations were performed in this study. The most common POCUS indication was dyspnea (45.6%), followed by hypotension/shock (30.1%), and finally syncope (8.2%). The most common area where POCUS was performed was on the lung (37.0%), followed by the inferior vena cava (30.8%), and finally for cardiac cases (26.4%). This study found that 34.9% of sonographic findings could be considered abnormal. The diagnoses of prehospital patients were confirmed by using POCUS in 66 cases (39.1%) with the accuracy of prehospital diagnosis reaching a peak of 75.8%.

Conclusion:

This study shows POCUS examinations can be effectively used in prehospital care. The prehospital diagnosis given by physicians administering treatment who used POCUS examinations correlated with the in-hospital diagnosis.
Improving Quantitative EDS Chemical Analysis of Alloy Nanoparticles by PCA Denoising: Part II. Uncertainty Intervals
Authors: Moreira Murilo , Hillenkamp Matthias , Divitini Giorgio , Tizei Luiz H. G. , Ducati Caterina , Cotta Monica A. , Rodrigues Varlei , Ugarte Daniel
Published: April 2022

Analytical studies of nanoparticles (NPs) are frequently based on huge datasets derived from hyperspectral images acquired using scanning transmission electron microscopy. These large datasets require machine learning computational tools to reduce dimensionality and extract relevant information. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a commonly used procedure to reconstruct information and generate a denoised dataset; however, several open questions remain regarding the accuracy and precision of reconstructions. Here, we use experiments and simulations to test the effect of PCA processing on data obtained from AuAg alloy NPs a few nanometers wide with different compositions. This study aims to address the reliability of chemical quantification after PCA processing. Our results show that the PCA treatment mitigates the contribution of Poisson noise and leads to better quantification, indicating that denoised results may be reliable from the point of view of both uncertainty and accuracy for properly planned experiments. However, the initial data need to be of sufficient quality: these results can only be obtained if the signal-to-noise ratio of input data exceeds a minimal value to avoid the occurrence of random noise bias in the PCA reconstructions.
TWO-SORTED FREGE ARITHMETIC IS NOT CONSERVATIVE
Authors: MACKERETH STEPHEN , AVIGAD JEREMY
Published: April 2022

Neo-Fregean logicists claim that Hume’s Principle (HP) may be taken as an implicit definition of cardinal number, true simply by fiat. A long-standing problem for neo-Fregean logicism is that HP is not deductively conservative over pure axiomatic second-order logic. This seems to preclude HP from being true by fiat. In this paper, we study Richard Kimberly Heck’s Two-Sorted Frege Arithmetic (2FA), a variation on HP which has been thought to be deductively conservative over second-order logic. We show that it isn’t. In fact, 2FA is not conservative over n-th order logic, for all
$n \geq 2$
. It follows that in the usual one-sorted setting, HP is not deductively Field-conservative over second- or higher-order logic.
Are there sex differences in fetal growth strategies and in the long-term effects of pregnancy complications on cognitive functioning?
Authors: Christians Julian K. , Chow Natalie A.
Published: April 2022

Males and females have been proposed to have different prenatal growth strategies, whereby males invest more in fetal growth and less in placental development, leaving them more susceptible to early-life adversity. We tested predictions of this hypothesis using data from the National Collaborative Perinatal Project. Male newborns were heavier than females, but there was no difference in placental weight, adjusting for birthweight. Among infants born prior to 33 weeks, the difference in birthweight between males and females was greater among those who did not survive than among those who did, potentially reflecting a strategy whereby males maintained growth in the face of prenatal insults, while females adjusted growth. However, there was no significant difference in mortality between the sexes. Being born small-for-gestational age or very preterm (prior to 33 weeks) was associated with significantly reduced performance for most of the cognitive traits examined at 7 years, although maternal preeclampsia was associated with reduced performance in fewer traits. Generally, these effects of early-life adversity (poor fetal growth, prematurity, and preeclampsia) did not differ between the sexes. However, analyzing the sexes separately (rather than testing the interaction between sex and adversity) resulted in numerous spurious sex-specific effects, whereby the effect of early-life adversity appeared to be significant in one sex but not the other. Overall, we found little support for the hypothesis that males prioritize growth more than females, and that this makes them more susceptible to early-life adversity. Furthermore, our results show that analyzing the sexes separately, rather than testing the adversity by sex interaction, can be highly misleading.
Multiple resistance to imazethapyr, atrazine, and glyphosate in a recently introduced Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) accession in Wisconsin
Authors: Faleco Felipe A. , Oliveira Maxwel C. , Arneson Nicholas J. , Renz Mark , Stoltenberg David E. , Werle Rodrigo
Published: April 2022

The continued dispersal of Palmer amaranth can impose detrimental impacts on cropping systems in Wisconsin. Our objective was to characterize the response of a recently introduced Palmer amaranth accession in southern Wisconsin to postemergence (POST) and preemergence (PRE) herbicides commonly used in corn and soybean. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with the Wisconsin putative herbicide-resistant accession (BRO) and two additional control accessions from Nebraska, a glyphosate-resistant (KEI2) and a glyphosate-susceptible (KEI3) accession. POST treatments were 2,4-D, atrazine, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, imazethapyr, lactofen, and mesotrione at 1X and 3X label rates. PRE treatments were atrazine, mesotrione, metribuzin, S-metolachlor, and sulfentrazone at 0.5X, 1X, and 3X label rates. Plant survival of each accession was ≥63% after exposure to imazethapyr POST 3X rate. Survival of BRO and KEI2 was 44% (±13) and 50% (±13), respectively, after exposure to atrazine POST 3X rate. Survival of BRO was 69% (±12) after exposure to glyphosate POST 1X rate, whereas survival of KEI2 was 44% (±13) after exposure to glyphosate POST 3X rate. After exposure to 2,4-D POST 1X rate, KEI2 and KEI3 survival was 38% (±13) and 50% (±13), respectively. Survival of all accessions was ≤31% after exposure to 2,4-D POST 3X rate or dicamba, glufosinate, lactofen, and mesotrione POST at either rate. Plant density reduction of KEI2 was 77% (±13) after exposure to atrazine PRE 1X rate, whereas density reduction of BRO was 56% (±13) after exposure to atrazine PRE 3X rate. Plant density reduction of all accessions was ≥94% after exposure to mesotrione PRE 1X and 3X rates or metribuzin, S-metolachlor, and sulfentrazone PRE at either rate. Our results suggest that each accession is resistant (≥50% survival) to imazethapyr POST, that BRO and KEI2 are resistant to atrazine and glyphosate POST, and that KEI2 and KEI3 are resistant to 2,4-D POST. The recently introduced BRO accession exhibited multiple resistance to imazethapyr, atrazine, and glyphosate POST. In addition, atrazine PRE was ineffective for BRO control, suggesting that diversified resistance management strategies will be critical for its effective management.
Active Nitrogen Cycle Driven by Solar Radiation in Clean Desert Air
Authors: Wu Feng , Hu Tafeng , Cao Junji , Guo Xiao , Li Guohui , Zhang Ting , Yang Yikun , Zhao Chuanfeng , Zhang Daizhou
Published: April 2022

Deserts have been recognized as constantly releasing reactive nitrogen compounds to the atmosphere due to the subsoil‐storage leaching and surface‐deposit evaporation induced by solar radiative heating. However, this release and the consequent response of the nitrogen cycles in desert air have not been evaluated and are overlooked in most regional and global models. In our nitrate measurements, including nitric acid and particulate nitrate, in clean air, that is, in the absence of or with minor anthropogenic influences, in a Chinese desert, diurnal nitrate variations consisting of daytime increases and nighttime decreases were observed in the range of 1.3–3.7 μgm−3 in summer, 0.1–2.6 μgm−3 in spring, and 0.2–1.3 μgm−3 in autumn. These values are considerably higher than those observed in remote marine and forest areas. Simulations with a regional transport model demonstrate that the variation could be largely accounted for by the oxidation of soil‐emitted reactive nitrogen compounds by photochemical‐reactions products. These results indicate an active nitrogen cycle in clean desert air, which is the consequence of the coordination of solar radiation‐induced surface soil emission and subsequent photochemical reactions. Satellite data of NO2 further indicate possible similar cycles in most major desert areas worldwide. By including this nitrogen cycle in the vast desert areas and its subsequent effects, such as those on ozone chemistry, climate models may thus provide a better understanding of the global nitrogen budget in the historical and developing Earth ecosystems.
Uncovering the Large‐Scale Meteorology That Drives Continental, Shallow, Green Cumulus Through Supervised Classification
Authors: Dror Tom , Silverman Vered , Altaratz Orit , Chekroun Mickaël D. , Koren Ilan
Published: April 2022

One of the major sources of uncertainty in climate prediction results from the limitations in representing shallow cumulus (Cu) in models. Recently, a class of continental shallow convective Cu was shown to share distinct morphological properties and to emerge globally mostly over forests and vegetated areas, thus named greenCu. Using machine‐learning supervised classification, we identify greenCu fields over three regions, from the tropics to mid‐ and higher‐latitudes, and establish a novel satellite‐based data set called greenCuDb, consisting of 1° × 1° sized, high‐resolution MODIS images. Using greenCuDb in conjunction with ERA5 reanalysis data, we create greenCu composites for different regions and reveal that greenCu are driven by similar large‐scale meteorological conditions, regardless of their geographical locations throughout the world's continents. These conditions include distinct profiles of temperature, humidity and large‐scale vertical velocity. The boundary layer is anomalously warm and moderately humid, and is accompanied by a strong large‐scale subsidence in the free troposphere.
Ocean‐Sea Ice Processes and Their Role in Multi‐Month Predictability of Antarctic Sea Ice
Authors: Libera Stephy , Hobbs Will , Klocker Andreas , Meyer Amelie , Matear Richard
Published: April 2022

Antarctic sea ice is a critical component of the climate system and a vital habitat for Southern Ocean ecosystems. Understanding the underlying physical processes and improving Antarctic sea ice prediction is of broad interest. Using the model data, we investigate sea ice and upper ocean predictability at interannual timescales in the Weddell Sea region. We find that oceanic predictability is largely confined to the Winter Water layer and responds to seasonal modifications of the water column, mainly driven by sea ice processes. Predictability depends not only on the depth of the Winter Water layer, but also on how strongly stratified its base is. Predictability is lost when warm Circumpolar Deep Water with no sea ice‐related memory entrains into the mixed layer. We show the strong dependence of sea ice predictability on the local upper ocean vertical structure, which suggests that both are likely to change in a warming climate.
Stratospheric Moistening After 2000
Authors: Konopka Paul , Tao Mengchu , Ploeger Felix , Hurst Dale F. , Santee Michelle L. , Wright Jonathon S. , Riese Martin
Published: April 2022

The significant climate feedback of stratospheric water vapor (SWV) necessitates quantitative estimates of SWV budget changes. Model simulations driven by the newest European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast reanalysis ERA5, satellite observations from the Stratospheric Water and OzOne Satellite Homogenized data set, Microwave Limb Sounder, and in situ frost point hygrometer observations from Boulder all show substantial and persistent stratospheric moistening after a sharp drop in water vapor at the turn of the millennium. This moistening occurred mainly during 2000–2006 and SWV abundances then remained high over the last decade. We find strong positive trends in the Northern Hemisphere and weak negative trends over the South Pole, mainly during austral winter. Moistening of the tropical stratosphere after 2000 occurred during late boreal winter/spring, reached values of ∼0.2 ppm/decade, was well correlated with a warming of the cold point tropopause by ∼0.4 K/decade and can only be partially attributed to El Nino‐Southern Oscillation and volcanic eruptions.