bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutu Fisik Bubuk Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) Hasil Pengeringan Microwave Berdasarkan Proses Blanching yang Berbeda
Authors: Purbasari Dian , Lestari Ning Puji , Hidayat Farizha Rahmatiningtyas
Published: September 2024

Curcuma domestica Val. is a kind of spice that can be processed become several kinds of processed products such as flavor and herb. The height of water content and water activity in Curcuma causes damage and decrease of curcuma quality. One of the correct handles to get qualified products with good quality and to decrease the damage is by doing blanching process and drainage using the microwave. This study aimed to determine the physical quality characteristics of dried turmeric based on the difference in microwave power and the type of blanching process. The experiment used in this study was a completely randomized design with two factors, namely: microwave power (307, 402, and 577 W) and types of blanching (hot water and steam). The data obtained was characteristic of the physical quality of turmeric powder comprising color, agglomeration angle, precipitation density, water absorption, and oil absorption. The result of the study indicated that the water content of fresh turmeric was between 92.11-94.41% and the dried turmeric was between 3.48-4.56%. The characteristic of physical quality of turmeric powder has brightness level (L) between 61.1-66.5; reddish level (a) between 13.2-18.; yellowish level (b) between 40.8-53.0; precipitation density between 0.31-0.36 g/cm3; agglomeration angle between 42.7o-46.1o; the water absorption between 4.6-5.8 mL/g; and the oil absorption between 1.43-1.63 mL/g. Microwave-dried turmeric powder with both blanching processes produced physical quality that met SNI 01-7084-1995 standards with brightness, reddish, yellowish level, bulk density, and agglomeration angle in steam blanching process higher than hot water blanching.
Keywords: completely randomized design, drying, hot water, steam, turmeric powder
Formulasi Ekstrak Bunga Telang dan Ekstrak Kayu Manis Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Sensori Minuman Isotonik
Authors: Utami Yulisa , Julianti Elisa , Nurminah Mimi
Published: September 2024

Bottled drinking water is one of the beverage industries that dominate the soft drink market in Indonesia. An isotonic drink is bottled drinking water with an osmolality content similar to body fluids to replace lost body fluids after activities. This research aimed to develop and innovate isotonic drinks, based on local commodities such as butterfly pea and cinnamon with good quality and unique characteristics, so that can increase consumer interest in isotonic drinks. This study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method consisting of 6 levels (ratio of butterfly pea extract and cinnamon extract) i.e., P1 (80%:20%), P2 (70%:30%), P3 (60%:40%), P4 (50%:50%), P5 (100%:0%), dan P6 (0%:100%). The analysis includes viscosity, color index, and sensory analysis (color, taste, viscosity, and general acceptance). The results showed that the comparison formulation of butterfly pea extract and cinnamon extract had a very significant effect (P<0,01) on the physical and sensory characteristics of isotonic drinks. The value of the color index (˚Hue) range of 298.8–307.0, viscosity value range of 4.78–6.88%, and hedonic organoleptic, i.e. color range of 4.990–6.434, aroma range of 4.568–6.242, taste range of 4.550–6.360, the hedonic value of viscosity range of 4.910–5.876, and general acceptance range of 4.942–6.240. The best results of the isotonic drink was P1 (ratio of butterfly pea extract and cinnamon extract of 80%:20%) which produced the highest hedonic value and the physical characteristics. So, the butterfly pea and cinnamon extract can be made as a combination of an isotonic drink innovation.
Keywords: butterfly pea extract, cinnamon extract, isotonic drink
Indústria 5.0: desafios gerenciais do novo cenário de trabalho colaborativo humano-robô
Authors: Cesar de Sousa Josiano
Published: September 2024

Industria 5.0 é o termo recentemente empregado na literatura para discutir as novas tendências da fábrica do futuro, onde humanos e robôs compartilharão, de forma colaborativa, o mesmo ambiente de trabalho. Por tratar-se de uma discussão recente, lacunas teóricas apontam a necessidade de aprofundar as discussões sobre esse novo ambiente. Frente a este cenário emerge uma questão de pesquisa: Quais os desafios gerenciais do novo cenário do trabalho colaborativo humano-robô na Indústria 5.0? O presente artigo foi elaborado com o objetivo de apresentar os principais desafios gerenciais para o trabalho colaborativo humano-robô no novo cenário da Indústria 5.0. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio de um estudo exploratório, através do método dedutivo, com procedimento e técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica. Como resultado, foi elaborado um framework conceitual apresentando os principais desafios gerenciais no ambiente da indústria 5.0, além de apresentar contribuições acadêmicas e gerenciais. As implicações práticas residem na necessidade de os gestores conhecerem e as adaptarem a esse novo cenário de desafios gerenciais. Ao final são apresentadas as limitações e recomendações para a realização de futuras pesquisas.
The combination effect of moringa leaf and white rice flour as a facial mask on acne vulgaris among female teenagers
Authors: Fatmawati Lilis , Umah Khoiroh , Zulmiatin Silvia
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Acne vulgaris, commonly known as acne, is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules, primarily affecting adolescents. Although not dangerous, it can be managed with both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, such as facial masks made from a combination of Moringa leaves and white rice flour. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Moringa leaf masks combined with white rice flour on the healing of acne vulgaris with two different dosages.
Methods: This study used a two-group pre-post test design. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was employed to select 35 respondents. The independent variable was the administration of Moringa leaf masks combined with white rice flour, while the dependent variable was the healing of acne vulgaris in adolescents. The mask combinations used were 10 grams of Moringa leaves and 5 grams of rice flour, and vice versa. An observation sheet assessed the level of acne vulgaris severity. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the Mann-Whitney Test.
Results: The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a P-value 0.083 for dose 1, indicating that the intervention had no significant effect on acne vulgaris healing between pre-test and post-test. However, dose 2 had a P-value 0.046, suggesting a significant effect in reducing acne vulgaris. The Mann-Whitney Test revealed a P-value 0.551, indicating no significant difference between dose 1 and dose 2 in the healing of acne vulgaris after the intervention.
Conclusion: Both dosages of the Moringa leaf mask combined with white rice flour were effective in reducing the severity of acne vulgaris.
Keywords: acne vulgaris; face mask; moringa leaves; rice flour
The Influence of Board Characteristics on Dividend Policy
Authors: Vuhyah Peter Anjeyo , Alala Ondiek Benedict , Bulla Denis
Published: September 2024

Dividend payout is one of financial options that Saccos consider as part of the key performance indicators for Saccos. Deposit taking Saccos in Kenya have faced numerous challenges namely, governance, managerial and operational such that the performance of a number of them continues to be sub optimal according to the report by SASRA. Therefore, this study sought to examine the influence of board characteristics on dividend policy of deposit taking Saccos in Kenya under guidance by agency cost theory. The study utelized causal design and descriptive survey design. The targeted population was 403 stakeholders sampling 201 through stratified simple random sampling. The sacco directors/chairpersons and the CFO/CEOs formed unit of analysis. Closed ended questionnaires were applied for primary data. A list of 20 Saccos in Starehe Sub County, Nairobi County were basis for pilot test to establish reliability and validity of research instruments. Cronbach Alpha was employed to ascertain reliability, whereas content and construct validity were utilized to attain validity. The data underwent analysis through the application of descriptive as well as inferential statistics. The investigation ensured that the assumptions of linear regression were satisfied before conducting numerous linear regressions. Tables were used to present data. The results indicated a positive significant association between board characteristics practices and dividend policy P:0.000<0.05 hence conclusive that deposit-taking Saccos in Kenya focused on board characteristics as envisaged. The study recommended that Sacco’s should diverse the board features to ensure they accommodate the dividend policy framework.
The water–energy security nexus in Central Asia: evaluating the effectiveness of international governance
Authors: Nesmashnyi A.
Published: September 2024

In Central Asia water–energy security nexus is prominently featured on the regional agenda. The region’s major waterways are transboundary and can be strategically managed through the hydraulic infrastructure controlled by upstream nations. Both prior research and anecdotal evidence indicate that clashes of interest between upstream countries (Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan) and downstream nations (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan) disrupt regional cooperation. This article examines how the existing institutional frameworks facilitate the resolution of water and energy disputes, as well as the forging of agreements. Drawing on theoretical insights from studies on common resource governance, international regimes, and the water–energy nexus, the author points out flaws in the current international governance structures and identifies factors that mitigate water scarcity issues. The analysis highlights six main challenges: the lack of a cohesive water–energy framework; a tendency to favor short-term and bilateral responses to emerging issues due to a deficiency in regional leadership and the ineffectiveness of multilateral organizations; the absence of formal penalties for agreement violations; the lack of established international arbitration mechanisms for water and energy disputes; a lack of trust in the information exchanged among the parties; and the exclusion of Afghanistan from regional discussions.
Palestinian refugees in the context of the Hamas–Israel war in Gaza: an analysis through the lens of transitional justice
Authors: Kapshuk Y.
Published: September 2024

The protracted Palestinian–Israeli conflict has perpetuated significant humanitarian crises. This article examines the problem of the Palestinian refugees from 1948 to the Hamas–Israel conflict starting October 7, 2023, through the lens of transitional justice. Transitional justice addresses past human rights violations in a way that promotes reconciliation. It offers a new perspective on the enduring issue of the Palestinian refugees. The 2023–2024 conflict displaced over 1.7 million people in Gaza, highlighting the need for sustainable solutions. The article first describes the war between Israel and Hamas, focusing on the issue of the Palestinian refugees in Gaza. Next, it reviews the historical context of the Palestinian refugees since 1948 and the two narratives surrounding them. It then explains the principles of transitional justice and analyzes transitional justice elements in past negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians. Finally, it assesses how theory and practice of transitional justice can be applied in the current conflict. The article explores how transitional justice principles such as truth commissions and reparations can address historical and ongoing injustices despite mistrust, political resistance, and other challenges. The current environment makes it difficult to implement transitional justice effectively. While applying transitional justice to the Palestinian refugees in Gaza could help acknowledge past abuses, provide reparations, and prevent future violence, significant political challenges must be overcome. Nevertheless, this approach, though fraught with difficulties, offers a potential pathway for lasting peace and reconciliation in the region.
DOES TIME HAVE A SPEED? TIME QUALIA AND BERGSON’S DURÉE
Authors: Hirai Yasushi
Published: September 2024

Henri Bergson critiques the traditional view of time as a mere succes­sion of states, arguing that it fails to capture the crucial aspect of time’s speed or pace. The paper explores Bergson’s concept of time’s speed through the lens of modern scientific insights and analytic philosophy, addressing critiques from cognitive science and logical analysis. By introducing the concept of “time qualia,” which distinguishes between the quantitative and qualitative aspects of temporal experience, the author defends Bergson’s position and provides a new theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between external motion, its measurement, and conscious durée. The formulation of this concept not only sheds light on the intrinsic connections between various related texts but also contributes to the differentiation between two distinct types of time speed — time-qualia-based and flow-qualia-based. The author concludes that the qualitative aspects of time experience have an irreducible reality that comple­ments, rather than opposes, the quantitative aspects, arguing that Bergson’s perspective offers a more comprehensive understanding of time’s nature and our experience of it.
Keywords: Henri Bergson. Time’s speed. Time qualia. Experience measurement.
LA PEDAGOGIA DEL NULLA *
Authors: Ronchi Rocco
Published: September 2024

Ne Le possible et le rèel Bergson dice che due sono i problemi ango­scianti della metafisica: il primo ha generato le teorie dell’essere, il secondo le teorie della conoscenza. Entrambi i problemi hanno però la medesima forma: chiedono perché qualcosa invece del nulla. Prendendo ad esempio alcuni mo­menti capitali della storia della metafisica occidentale (e una favola scritta da Gianni Rodari) si vuole mostrare che la contingenza dell’ente, lungi dall’essere una evidenza intuitiva, è in realtà il frutto di una inferenza ed è il risultato di uno specifico addestramento. Grazie a questa “pedagogia” si genera infatti un soggetto “adulto” e si fuoriesce da quella “infanzia mistica”, che invece, per il Bergson delle Deux Sources, costitutiva il modello della nuova filosofia.
Parole-chiave: Henri Bergson. Metafisica. Nada.
Enhancing Medical Tourism In Bali: A Readiness Analysis of Siloam Hospital Through Actor-Network Theory (ANT)
Authors: Mayuni Ni Gusti Ayu Putri , Martini Ida Ayu Oka
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates the preparedness of Siloam Hospital Bali for medical tourism using Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to analyze human and non-human interactions within social networks. The objective is to identify factors influencing the hospital's readiness. Data was collected through interviews with hospital administration, specialized physicians, local officials, and tourism organization members, supplemented by document and archival research. Network visualization with GraphCommons.com revealed interaction patterns, key actors, and potential impediments. The results show that effective hospital administration, professional care by doctors, and cooperation with tourism groups and local authorities significantly impact the hospital's readiness. However, dependencies on core nodes, lack of redundancy, and underutilization of peripheral nodes are vulnerabilities. Recommendations include enhancing integration with peripheral nodes, establishing network redundancy, involving educational institutions, and aligning with international insurance and immigration policies. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of medical tourism dynamics and offers strategies to enhance Siloam Hospital's readiness.
An Approach On Building Envelope-isolation From Water Reinforcements And Their Sustainability In Traditional Residential Architecture
Authors: Akat Reyhan , çakıroğlu Birgül
Published: September 2024

Roof and roofings built to protect the housing and homeowner from undesirable rainwater, have been seen an important structural element throughout history in the entire of housing. In this research, structural and spatial relationships between building envelope with isolation from water in traditional housing architecture are analyzed. Roof, eaves and rain gutters which are isolation from water items were investigated according to shapes, slope direction, materials, carrier systems and covering materials. The qualification of the roofing, eave and rain gutter elements which are equipment elements related to the comfort of the building envelope and the extent of changes in these elements were examined at the traditional housing level. Exemplary, the traditional housing in the city of Trabzon in Turkey were selected. During the completion process of the working, detailed aims related to structure-health reinforcements were specified with the relevant literature review. The chart form has been developed for compilation of information about the general characteristics of the housing in the research area and the building-health reinforcements within the aim of the research. Exemplary houses were selected by external observation technique and the data obtained as a result of observations, interview and determinations related to general characteristics and building-health reinforcements of these housing were handled into a chart form. By evaluating the data obtained; harmony and contrasts in system level practices, the dimensional properties of the elements at the spatial level, the greatness and accuracy levels preferred in various fittings, the harmony and contrasts in the materials, dimensions and practices of the elements at the system and spatial level, harmony and contrasts of applications of new opportunities at the level of building-health reinforcements in traditional housing, conclusions were drawn to identify special and general situations at the level of building-health reinforcements and to obtain information about the comfort requirements of traditional housing. Nowadays, where the health of the building, which is mostly ignored, is gaining importance day by day, concrete and applicable solution data are presented and interpreted for new designs to be made in this direction.
Time Trend and Associated Factors Involving Accidents with Cyclists
Authors: Benites Samuel Lopes , Carvalho Maria Dalva de Barros , Pelloso Sandra Marisa
Published: September 2024

Transportation accidents in Brazil rank as the second leading cause of hospitalizations due to external causes, significantly impacting the organization of the healthcare system.. While all road users are at risk, pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists are particularly vulnerable. Although governments and societies advocate for increased bicycling as a sustainable urban transportation option, the uneven accessibility of cycling infrastructure poses accident risks. Addressing the gap in research on this issue, this study investigates the trends and contributing factors of bicycle traffic accidents in the metropolitan area of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. This ecological time series study analyzed 848 pre-hospital care records from SAMU and SIATE of Maringá-PR, spanning January 2010 to December 2019. The results reveal a rise in accident frequency over the study period, with the majority of victims being males aged 11 to 20 years. Accidents predominantly occurred between noon and 8:00 p.m., with peak occurrences on Fridays and Saturdays. Serious accidents were most frequent on Tuesdays and Fridays. These findings align with existing literature and underscore the importance of incorporating data from SIATE and SAMU into urban accident prevention strategies. Additionally, the study highlights the need for further research on this topic.
Post-Dobbs Abortion Restrictions and the Families They Leave Behind
Authors: Madden Nigel , Trawick Emma , Watson Katie , Yee Lynn M.
Published: September 2024

The June 24, 2022 US Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization resulted in an expansive restriction on abortion access that had been constitutionally guaranteed for nearly half a century. Currently, 14 states have implemented complete bans on abortion with very limited exceptions, and an additional 7 states have implemented abortion bans at 6 to 18 weeks’ gestation.

It has been well demonstrated that restrictive policies disproportionately limit abortion access for minoritized people and people of low socioeconomic status; the financial and geographic barriers of these post- Dobbs restrictions will only exacerbate this disparity. Proponents of abortion restrictions, who identify as pro-life, assert that these policies are essential to protect children, women, and families.

We examine whether the protection of these groups extends past conception by evaluating the association between state abortion legislation and state-based policies and programs designed to provide medical and social support for children, women, and families. We found that states with the most restrictive post- Dobbs abortion policies in fact have the least comprehensive and inclusive public infrastructure to support these groups. We suggest further opportunities for advocacy. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(10):1043–1050. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307792 )
How many turbidity currents pass through a submarine channel during its lifespan?
Authors: Jobe Zane R. , Hubbard Stephen M. , Romans Brian W.
Published: September 2024

Sediment gravity flows coursing through submarine channels are the most important conveyors of sediment and organic carbon to submarine fans. Submarine channel deposits, therefore, should record the archive of this sediment transfer. However, channel deposits have often been considered to be dominated by erosion and bypass, and thus an incomplete archive. We present data from a millimeter-scale investigation of an outcropping submarine channel element in the Cretaceous Tres Pasos Formation, southern Chile, that indicates that at least 520 sediment-gravity-flow events passed through a single channel during its lifespan. These 520 events are confined by one primary channel-form surface and 11 secondary channel-form surfaces that define the channel architecture. Three facies (axis, margin, drape) compose this architecture, with thick, coarser-grained, amalgamated event beds deposited in the axis, usually separated across secondary channel-form surfaces with thinner, finer-grained, non-amalgamated event beds deposited in the margin. The drape facies usually overlies secondary channel-form surfaces, and we interpret its presence as an indication of significant sediment bypass through the channel.

The 520 events are mostly preserved in the channel margin (82%), but the volumetric composition of the channel element is dominated by axis deposits (58%), with margin (37%) and drape (5%) being less significant. This indicates that the axis deposits, while the focus of many channel-related studies, record only a fraction of the temporal evolution of the channel. The channel margin, on the other hand, is the archive of turbidity-current activity in the channel. Using reasonable event recurrence intervals and turbidity-current-event sediment volumes, we estimate that the studied channel was active for approximately 5,000 years with a total sediment load of 5.2 km3, with 4.5 km3 of sediment bypassing the channel downslope to a fan or lobe deposit. Estimates of both timing and volume compare well to age-constrained Quaternary submarine channels (e.g., Amazon, Zaire, Niger Y) and illustrate the importance of submarine channels as conveyors of sediment to the deep-ocean sink.
The method of structural and block synthesis of remote sensing systems
Authors: Asadov H H , Abilova N. Sh. , Nurieva L. I.
Published: September 2024

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Preparation and characterization of super-strong natural rubber latex film
Authors: Fang Haobin , Du Jie , Li Yulan , He Yingping
Published: September 2024

Natural latex materials with excellent elongation, widely used in impregnated products and foam products. However, the lack of performance of traditional products has limited their application in high-end aspects, such as condoms and medical gloves. In this study, orthogonal test was used to determine the basic formula, and then silica and silane coupling agents were used to further improve the properties of natural latex film. The purpose of reinforcing natural latex film was realized, and super reinforced natural latex film was prepared. The results showed that the primary and secondary order of the optimized formula of natural rubber latex was sulfur > accelerator PX > zinc carbonate > Accelerator M with the tensile strength and tear strength as the indexes. With the increase of silica content, the tensile strength and tear strength of the obtained natural rubber latex vulcanized film reached 27.59 MPa and 50.73 kN/m, respectively. With the increase of the amount of silane coupling agent, the tensile strength of the obtained natural rubber latex vulcanized film was further increased to 29.01 MPa, while the tear strength tended to decrease. Including infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and other instrument analysis to further reveal the mechanism of silica reinforced natural rubber latex.
Chicken Disease Detection in the Poultry utilizing Grey Wolf Optimized Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Bharti Vandana , Yogi Kuldeep Kumar
Published: September 2024

Poultry production is essential worldwide due to its role in supplying meat and eggs, which are rich in protein and vital nutrients for human diets. quick spread of sickness among the chicken, which may be uncontrollable by humans, causes a significant loss in the poultry even if farmers can save money on it since it requires little in the way of resources to feed the birds. Recently many technologies have been developed to detect chicken disease, but the technologies faced certain issues such as increased time consumption, inefficient detection, and so on. To defeat the mentioned challenges, a proposed method named grey wolf optimized Deep Convolutional Neural Network (GWO-Deep CNN) is designed to enrich the performance of research by detecting the disease accurately and further helps veterinarians to diagnose the disease properly, which reduces the death rate among the chickens in the poultry. The Deep CNN is utilized effectively to detect the disease accurately and classify the detected disease. Performance metrics utilized to analyze the performance of the GWO-Deep CNN are accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, which attain 0.952, 0.962, and 0.940 respectively.
The Synergistic Effects of Plant Extracts and Silver Nanoparticles on Colistin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
Authors: Ahmadi Ali , Faghri Jamshid , Rabiei Mitra
Published: September 2024

Background
The pathogen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant nosocomial infection. Metal nanoparticles (NPs) and plant extracts have demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to determine the synergistic antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles and Urtica and Zataria multiflora (Shirazi thyme) extracts against Colistin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospital patients.
Methods
A total of 95 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from selected teaching hospitals in Isfahan province. The Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method used for antibiotic susceptibility and determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of colistin was checked by microdilution broth, and the presence of the mcr-1 gene was detected by PCR method. In addition, the effect of synergism of Zataria multiflora (Shirazi thyme) and Urtica extracts with silver nanoparticles was investigated by checkerboard procedure.
Results
The screening for antibiotic resistance showed 99% resistance to Levofloxacin and 6% resistance to colistin antibiotic. One isolate is positive for the mcr-1 gene. Furthermore, combining Zataria multiflora (Shirazi thyme) and the silver nanoparticle is efficient against Colistin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Conclusion
For the first time, the synergistic effect of Zataria multiflora (Shirazi thyme) and Urtica extracts and silver nanoparticle extracts against Colistin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined in our research. So plant extracts and silver nanoparticles might assist with managing multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria and be a possible source of medicinal application due to their potential antibacterial effect.
Endemism shapes viral ecology and evolution in globally distributed hydrothermal vent ecosystems
Authors: Anantharaman Karthik , Langwig Marguerite , Koester Faith , Martin Cody , Zhou Zhichao , Joye Samantha , Reysenbach Anna-Louise
Published: September 2024

Viruses are ubiquitous in deep-sea hydrothermal environments, where they exert a major influence on microbial communities and biogeochemistry. Yet, viral ecology and evolution remain understudied in these environments. Here, we identified 49,962 viruses from 52 globally distributed hydrothermal vent samples (10 plumes, 40 deposits, and 2 diffuse flow), and reconstructed 5,708 viral metagenome-assembled genomes (vMAGs), the majority of which were bacteriophages. Hydrothermal viruses were largely endemic. However, some viruses were shared between geographically separated vents, predominantly between the Lau Basin and Brothers Volcano in the Pacific Ocean. Geographically distant viruses often shared proteins related to core functions such as structural proteins, and rarely, proteins of auxiliary functions. Common microbial hosts of viruses included members of Campylobacterota, Alpha-, and Gammaproteobacteria in deposits, and Gammaproteobacteria in plumes. Campylobacterota- and Gammaproteobacteria-infecting viruses reflected variations in hydrothermal chemistry and functional redundancy in their predicted microbial hosts, suggesting that hydrothermal geology is a driver of viral ecology and coevolution of viruses and hosts. Our study indicates that viral ecology and evolution in globally distributed hydrothermal vents is shaped by endemism, and thus may have increased susceptibility to the negative impacts of deep-sea mining and anthropogenic change in ocean ecosystems.
Inhibitory effect of low-dose esketamine on cough induced by sufentanil during the induction of anesthesia and postoperative impact on mental health status: A prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Qian Ju , Peng Yan , Mao YiQun , Ji FuHai , Shan XiSheng , Cheng Jing , Zhou Shuang
Published: September 2024

Background
Intravenous administration of sufentanil during anesthesia induction induces cough (SIC), sometimes triggers a severe reaction. We wanted to investigate the inhibitory effect of low-dose esketamine on cough induced by sufentanil during the induction of general anesthesia, as well as its postoperative impact on mental status.
Methods
A total of 256 adult patients were randomly allocated to receive either esketamine (Group EK) or normal saline (Group C). One minute before the administration of sufentanil, Group EK and Group C were injected with esketamine (0.075 mg/kg, diluted with normal saline to 3 ml) and normal saline (3 ml), respectively. The primary outcomes were the incidence (the basis of the presence or absence of cough) and severity (the frequency of cough episodes) of cough within 2 minutes after sufentanil injection.The secondary outcomes included hemodynamic variables and mental status or postoperative events.
Results
A total of 236 adult patients were randomized into two groups (n = 236): Group EK (n = 118) and Group C (n = 118). The incidence of cough in Group EK (21.2%) was significantly lower than that in Group C (40.7%) (P < 0.05). The incidence rates for each grade were as follows: 9.3% and 16.9% for Grade 2, and 0% and 4.2% for Grade 3, respectively.The difference had statistical sense.The MAP and HR at T4 (during tracheal intubation) and T5 (1 minute post-intubation) were significantly lower in Group EK (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mental status, time to awareness, duration force recovery or satisfaction with anesthesia.
Conclusion
Pretreatment with low-dose esketamine can reduce the incidence and severity of cough induced by sufentanil and maintain hemodynamic stability during anesthesia induction without increasing mental status.
Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400084940, date of registration: 05/28/2024)
Testing the ASAS criteria in a large Colombian cohort: What do we have to learn from Colombia?
Authors: Rueda Igor , Rodriguez Gustavo José , Santos Ana María , Devia Juan Camilo Santacruz , Arias-Correal Sofía , Uribe Keisy Orduz , Quintero-Munoz Elias , Pedraza Cristian Mesa , Rueda Juan Camilo , Bello Juan Manuel , Ballesteros Giovanny , Calvo Enrique , Londono John
Published: September 2024

Background: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) can be classified by clinical presentation using Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria. Though useful in many cohorts, their usefulness in Colombia needs to be clarified. The study aimed to describe a large Colombian group of SpA patients, evaluate ASAS criteria's sensitivity in the GESPA cohort, and propose axSpA criteria modification.
Methods: This was a cohort study. A structured survey was conducted, followed by a physical examination and laboratory samples. Patients were classified according to ASAS, ESSG, and mNY criteria, and clinical presentations were compared. Finally, ASAS sensitivity was contrasted to mNY, ESSG, and rheumatologist's criteria. Patients who had less than three months of back pain duration at the time of evaluation and radiographic sacroiliitis were allowed to be classified as axial patients if they met the other characteristics proposed by ASAS (axSpA-w/oCBP).
Findings: A total of 461 SpA patients (58·1% pSpA) were analyzed. There were differences between axSpA and pSpA patients in disease onset, initial symptoms, gluteal pain, history of infection, Schober test, sacroiliitis, and alleles HLA. The axSpA-w/oCBP allowed the reclassification of 88 (32·8%) pSpA to axSpA patients. This modification showed additional differences in diagnosis delay, and spinal mobility assessment. The sensitivity of the ASAS classification criteria was 90·8% compared to the rheumatology criteria.
Interpretation: The GESPA cohort is one of the largest in LatAm, with a predominance of pSpA patients, with clinical, and imaging differences between the axSpA and pSpA. The ASAS criteria have good sensitivity compared to the rheumatologist's criteria. However, the mandatory criterial of chronic back pain by ASAS misclassified axSpA as pSpA. The proposed axSpA-w/oCBP modification allowed better identification of axSpA patients, reducing the number of pSpA with radiographic sacroiliitis and achieving more coherence with the authentic clinical presentation.
Effect of Graded Inclusion of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens, Linnaeus, 1758) Meal in Diets for Gilthead Seabream (Sparus Aurata, Linnaeus, 1758) on Gut Microbiome and Liver Morphology.
Authors: Basili Marco , Randazzo Basilio , Caccamo Letteria , Guicciardi Stefano , Meola Martina , Perdichizzi Anna , Quero Grazia Marina , Maricchiolo Giulia
Published: September 2024

Over the last decades, insect meal has received great attention for finfish diets, due to its nutritional composition and low ecological footprint. In the present study, we assessed the response of gut microbiota and liver histology of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed four experimental diets including black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal (HI) used to replace 0 (HI0), 25 (HI25), 35 (HI35) and 50 (HI50) percent of fish meal in a 131-day feeding trial. At the end of the experiment, a remarkable change in gut microbiota composition related to HI inclusion was observed, with a preponderance of Nitrospirota in HI0 and HI25 and of Chloroflexi in HI35 and HI50 groups. Predictive analysis on bacterial metabolic pathways showed a clear separation between HI0-HI25 and HI35-HI50 groups. The microbiota shifts observed suggest a pivotal role of HI in inducing a bacterial-mediated physiological response in this fish species, probably due to chitin content and the fatty acid profile of this ingredient. Liver histology showed a higher hepatocyte size in fish from the HI50 group, while a marginal adaptive response was observed in the HI25 group. Overall, 50% HI dietary inclusion is not recommended, since possible alteration in lipid deposition, particularly at hepatic level, were highlighted in this fish species.
One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Versus Roux‑en‑Y Gastric Bypass for Obesity: An Updated Meta‑analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ahmed Yusuf , Ataya Karim , Almubarak Abdulla , Almubarak Isa , Ali Manar , Yusuf Walaa , Mahran Mostafa Mohammed Saad , Simeonovski Stefan , Aljaafreh Almoutuz , Yang Wah
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is currently regarded as the predominant method for bariatric surgery. However, one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) emerged after RYGB as a more straightforward and readily reversible operation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare both procedures and update the currently existing evidence.
Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared OAGB with RYGB as primary operations.
Results: Twelve studies were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 904 patients. Total weight loss percentage (TWL%) was statistically higher in the OAGB group at 6 months (95% CI:0.80 to 2.94; P= 0.006) with no differences in 12,24,36 months compared to RYGB. On the other hand, OAGB exhibited a significantly higher excess weight loss percentage (EWL%) compared to RYGB at 12 months (95% CI: 3.08 to 9.73; P=0.0002). EWL% was comparable in both procedures at 6,24,60 months of follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of resolution of comorbidities related to obesity. De Novo gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) (RR 2.58; 95% CI 1.55 to 4.3; P=0.0003) and marginal ulcers (RR 2.7; CI 95% 1.07 to 6.84; P = 0.04) were significantly higher in patients who underwent OAGB in comparison to RYGB.
Conclusion: In conclusion, OAGB is not inferior to RYGB in terms of weight loss parameters and comorbidities resolution. However, OAGB can lead to a higher risk of development of marginal ulcers and De Novo GERD.
CD142+ synovial fibroblast drives meniscus destruction in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ma Ruofan , Sun Hao , Lin Xiaobin , Liu Fangzhou , Zhang Yingbin , Ma Jianda , Huang Zhencheng , Huang Junming , Yao Lutian , Zhang Mengyuan , Chen Meiyi , Xu Jie , Wei Yulong , Dai Lie
Published: September 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced destruction of knee joints is a common cause of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although previous evidence suggests that bone and cartilage damage is the main pathogenesis of RA joint destruction, the meniscus, a special structure in the knee joint, has been ignored. Here, we identified CD142 + synovial fibroblasts as a novel SF sub-cluster located in the sublining layer in normal and osteoarthritis knee synovium, which is elevated and migrates to the lining layer (LL) in RA knee synovium. Intra-articular injection of CD142 + SF can quickly and drastically damage the meniscus but has a slight effect on cartilage. RNA sequencing revealed that ABCC4 was highly expressed in CD142 + SF, and the pharmacological blockade of ABCC4 by MK571 attenuated CD142 + SF-induced meniscal degradation. Long-term follow-up of the RA cohort indicated that enriched CD142 + SF in the LL was a risk factor for severe joint destruction and eventually underwent TKA. Our results demonstrate that CD142 + SF can be used as an indicator to assess prognosis and a therapeutic target to inhibit meniscal damage, thereby alleviating RA knee joint destruction.
Electrocoagulation treatment for patient with acute thalamoperforating artery pseudoaneurysm：a case report
Authors: Zhou Xiaoping , Liu Jun , Huang Guanlin , Zou Mingang , Hu Kun , Ye Xinyun , Zhang Zhenyu , Jiang Qiuhua
Published: September 2024

Background
Thalamoperforating artery(TPA) pseudoaneurysms are relatively rare and can be difficult to detecte by vascular examination, and the treatment is challenging, especially in endovascular therapy. This article reports a relatively rare case of a patient with an acute thalamoperforating artery pseudoaneurysm.
Case presentation
A middle-aged man was admitted to our hospital with headache and vomiting and suffered a history of hypertension and heart surgery. The physical examination revealed that the neurological finding was significant only for neck stiffness. Initially, the left internal carotid aneurysm was found when the first subarachnoid hemorrhage emerged, and no other aneurysms were performed. Due to recurrent bleeding on the third day after embolization of the left ICA aneurysm, emergency angiography revealed a new thalamoperforating artery pseudoaneurysm. Following electrocoagulation endovascular treatment, the patient achieved a good recovery, and the aneurysm has not recurred.
Conclusions
Perforating artery aneurysm may not be detected on initial angiography, repeated angiography examinations are necessary. Electrocoagulation treatment of TPA pseudoaneurysm has not been previously reported. Electrocoagulation is a good alternative option when microcatheter could not be navigated into the aneurysm, but it needs to be noticed about the potential drawbacks.
A case of masquerade syndrome caused by metastatic iris tumor diagnosed by a high CEA level in the aqueous humor and iris biopsy
Authors: Konno Shun , Yuzawa Sayaka , Kinouchi Reiko
Published: September 2024

Background
With the advent of targeted therapies, the survival prognosis for metastatic tumors has extended, and it has become necessary to diagnose and consider treatment that takes into account QOL for metastatic tumors of the eye. The reports of checking tumor marker in the aqueous humor for diagnosis of metastatic intraocular tumors are few. Here, we report a case of masquerade syndrome with secondary glaucoma in which a high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in the aqueous humor could assist diagnosis, and continuing targeted therapy and trabeculectomy were effective.
Case presentation
A 73-year-old man was referred to us for iritis and high intraocular pressure (IOP) with severe eye pain in the left eye. He had Stage IVB lung adenocarcinoma treated with a molecularly targeted drug, Osimertinib. His best corrected visual acuity was 0.15, and IOP was 52 mmHg in the left eye. Anterior chamber cells (+), numerous small nodules in the iris, and small masses in the inferior angle were observed. In the aqueous humor, the CEA level was higher than in the blood. Napsin A and Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1) positive cells showed in the resected tissue at iridectomy performed during trabeculectomy. The pathological diagnosis of metastatic iris tumor of the lung adenocarcinoma was made, and we injected bevacizumab intravitreally once and continued Osimertinib. His IOP lowered to 8-10 mmHg, and the iris masses disappeared. He lost vision by metastasis to the left optic nerve after termination of Osimertinib one and a half years later. The metastasis shrank after restarting the drug. He passed away from an exacerbation of his primary lung cancer two years and nine months after the first visit. Although he lost vision in his left eye, the metastatic tumor in his left eye and optic nerve had disappeared, and his quality of life was maintained without any pain in his eye.
Conclusions
Checking tumor markers in the aqueous humor can aid in diagnosis, and aggressive treatment of metastatic iris tumors must help maintain patients’ QOL.
Efficient encoding of the traveling salesperson problem on a quantum computer
Authors: Stenger John , Crowe Sean , Diaz Joseph , Rodriguez Ramiro , Gunlycke Daniel , Ptasinski Joanna
Published: September 2024

We propose an amplitude encoding of the traveling salesperson problem along with a method for calculating the cost function. Our encoding requires a number of qubits which grows logarithmically with the number of cities. We propose to calculate the cost function classically based on the probability distribution extracted from measuring the quantum computer. This is in contrast from the typical method of evaluating the cost function by taking the expectation value of a quantum operator. We demonstrate our method using a variational quantum eigensolver algorithm to find the shortest route for a given graph. We find that there is a broad range in the hyperparameters of the optimization procedure for which the best route is found.
Virtual brain twins for stimulation in epilepsy
Authors: Wang Huifang , Dollomaja Borana , Triebkorn Paul , Duma Gian Marco , Williamson Adam , Makhalova Julia , Lemarecha Jean-Didier , Bartolomei Fabrice , Jirsa Viktor
Published: September 2024

Estimating the epileptogenic zone network (EZN) is an important part of the diagnosis of drug-resistant focal epilepsy and plays a pivotal role in treatment and intervention. Virtual brain twins, based on personalized whole brain modeling, provide a formal method for personalized diagnosis and treatment. They integrate patient-specific brain topography with structural connectivity from anatomical neuroimaging such as MRI, and dynamic activity from functional recordings such as EEG and stereo-EEG (SEEG). Seizures demonstrate rich spatial and temporal features in functional recordings, which can be exploited to estimate the EZN. Stimulation-induced seizures can provide important and complementary information. We consider invasive SEEG stimulation as the most practical current approach, and temporal interference (TI) stimulation as a potential future approach for non-invasive diagnosis and treatment. This paper offers a virtual brain twin framework for EZN diagnosis based on stimulation-induced seizures. This framework estimates the EZN and validated the results on synthetic data with ground-truth. It provides an important methodological and conceptual basis for a series of ongoing scientific studies and clinical usage, which are specified in this paper. This framework also provides the necessary step to go from invasive to non-invasive diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
Designing network heterogeneity for anti-fatigue elastomers
Authors: Luo Ming-Chao , Zhou Yu , Guo Hao-Jia , Zhang Junqi , Kong Lingmin , Liao Shuangquan , Wu Jinrong
Published: September 2024

Polymer networks provide essential elasticity and strength for elastomers, yet the intrinsic fracture energy or fatigue threshold of regular networks has remained relatively low, around 50–100 J/m². In this study, we introduce the concept of an inhomogeneous network design to enhance the intrinsic fracture energy or fatigue threshold of single-network polymers. By utilizing catalysts with varying catalytic abilities, we create an inhomogeneous network consisting of both long and short strands. This network structure simultaneously improves the fracture toughness and fatigue threshold. Specifically, compared with regular networks, the inhomogeneous network achieves a remarkable fatigue threshold of approximately 1200 J/m². This substantial improvement is attributed to stress deconcentration and increased stored elastic energy from the long strands in the inhomogeneous network. This innovative approach is broadly applicable to soft matter systems, presenting opportunities to enhance the crack propagation resistance of polymer networks.