bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic profiling in human mesangial cells using patient-derived lupus autoantibodies identified miR-10a as a potential regulator of IL8
Authors: Tangtanatakul Pattarin , Thammasate Boonyakiat , Jacquet Alain , Reantragoon Rangsima , Pisitkun Trairak , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Leelahavanichkul Asada , Hirankarn Nattiya
Published: October 2017

Autoantibody-mediated inflammation directed at resident kidney cells mediates lupus nephritis (LN) pathogenesis. This study investigated the role of miRNA in human mesangial cells (HMCs) stimulated with auto anti-dsDNA immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies. HMCs were treated with antibodies purified from active LN patients or non-specific IgG controls in the presence of normal serum. Aberrant miRNA was screened using high throughput sequencing. Anti-dsDNA IgG up-regulated 103 miRNAs and down-regulated 30 miRNAs. The miRNAs regulated genes in the cell cycle, catabolic processes, regulation of transcription and apoptosis signalling. miR-10a was highly abundant in HMCs but was specifically downregulated upon anti-dsDNA IgG induction. Interestingly, the expression of miR-10a in kidney biopsies from class III and IV LN patients (n = 26) was downregulated compared with cadaveric donor kidneys (n = 6). Functional studies highlighted the downstream regulator of miR-10a in the chemokine signalling and cell proliferation or apoptosis pathways. Luciferase assay confirmed for the first time that IL8 was a direct target of miR-10a in HMCs. In conclusion, anti-dsDNA IgG Ab down-regulated miR-10a expression in HMCs resulting in the induction of various target genes involved in HMC proliferation and chemokine expression.
The first draft reference genome of the American mink (Neovison vison)
Authors: Cai Zexi , Petersen Bent , Sahana Goutam , Madsen Lone B. , Larsen Knud , Thomsen Bo , Bendixen Christian , Lund Mogens Sandø , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Panitz Frank
Published: October 2017

The American mink (Neovison vison) is a semiaquatic species of mustelid native to North America. It’s an important animal for the fur industry. Many efforts have been made to locate genes influencing fur quality and color, but this search has been impeded by the lack of a reference genome. Here we present the first draft genome of mink. In our study, two mink individuals were sequenced by Illumina sequencing with 797 Gb sequence generated. Assembly yielded 7,175 scaffolds with an N50 of 6.3 Mb and length of 2.4 Gb including gaps. Repeat sequences constitute around 31% of the genome, which is lower than for dog and cat genomes. The alignments of mink, ferret and dog genomes help to illustrate the chromosomes rearrangement. Gene annotation identified 21,053 protein-coding sequences present in mink genome. The reference genome’s structure is consistent with the microsatellite-based genetic map. Mapping of well-studied genes known to be involved in coat quality and coat color, and previously located fur quality QTL provide new knowledge about putative candidate genes for fur traits. The draft genome shows great potential to facilitate genomic research towards improved breeding for high fur quality animals and strengthen our understanding on evolution of Carnivora.
The shape of density dependence in fragmented landscapes explains an inverse buffer effect in a migratory songbird
Authors: Taylor Caz M.
Published: October 2017

It is well known that forest fragmentation reduces fecundity in several avian species, including wood thrush, Hylocichla mustelina, a migratory songbird that has been declining for several decades. However, I found that landscape-scale density in wood thrush was lower and population declines steeper in higher quality, less-fragmented landscapes (an inverse buffer effect) than in poor quality landscapes. These patterns suggest that wood thrush was not limited by availability of breeding habitat but that declines were primarily driven by non-breeding season events. A two-season model predicts that if this hypothesis is correct, breeding population trends will be negatively related to the strength of density dependence (b’) in the breeding season. To test this, a site-dependence model was used to construct fecundity-density curves and showed that landscape fragmentation affected the shape of density dependence. In good quality landscapes, the onset of strong density dependence was much more abrupt than in poorer quality landscapes and the realized strength of density dependence, b’, was lower in good quality landscapes. Population trends were negatively associated with b’, providing support for the non-breeding limitation hypothesis. The combination of the negative associations of trends with b’ and b’ with landscape quality explain the inverse buffer effect.
Proteomic analysis reveals an impaired Ca2+/AQP5 pathway in the submandibular gland in hypertension
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhong Li-Jun , Wang Yang , Liu Li-mei , Cong Xin , Xiang Ruo-Lan , Wu Li-Ling , Yu Guang-Yan , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2017

Hypertension is a systemic disorder that affects numerous physiological processes throughout the body. Improper sodium transport is a common comorbidity of hypertension, and sodium transport is also critical for maintaining the secretion of submandibular glands, whether the function of submandibular glands is affected by hypertension remains unclear. To determine whether hypertension induces changes in the protein expression of submandibular glands, we compared the proteome of submandibular glands from 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats using LC-MS/MS. The results revealed that 95 proteins displayed different levels of expression between the submandibular glands from the SHRs and WKYs. Among these, 35 proteins were more abundant, and 60 proteins were less abundant in the SHR compared with the WKY rats. Specifically, aquaporin 5 and parvalbumin, which are correlated with water transport and intracellular Ca2+ signal transduction, were verified to exhibit differences in protein abundance. Impaired Ca2+ response to carbachol was confirmed in the acinar cells from SHRs, and hyposecretion by the submandibular glands was further confirmed by in vivo saliva collection. In conclusion, the proteomic analysis of the submandibular glands of SHRs revealed novel changes in protein abundance that provides possible mechanisms connecting hypertension and hyposecretion in submandibular glands.
Various response of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. regeneration in artifical gaps
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Zhao Kuangji , Yang Haijiao , Ma Lvyi , Jia Zhongkui
Published: October 2017

Understanding the influence of gaps in promoting canopy recruitment will help to maintain structural stability and achieve continuous forest cover. We established three control plots and experimental plots with three replications each (gap sizes L-I, L-II, L-III, and L-IV) in a Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) plantation to test the short-term effects of gap size on the age distribution, density and growth, and annual height and ground diameter growth for regeneration established before (REBG) and after (REAG) gap creation. Age distribution exhibited an approximately normal distribution, with the numbers of REBG and REAG decreasing and increasing, respectively, as the age increased. Although there was no difference in density among gap size classes, regeneration growth positively responded to gap size, with maximum values observed in class L-III. Annual average height growth after (AAH-A) gap creation was significantly greater than that before (AAH-B) gap creation for REBG among gap sizes, suggesting that gaps promote the rapid growth of regeneration. However, the responses of height and ground diameter growth in REBG to gap size were not immediate and exhibited a response delay of 2–4 years. Similarly, for the height and ground diameter growth of REAG, significant differences were first observed within years 2–4 after germination in the same growing season for all gap size classes.
Overview of Gas-sensing Systems
Authors: Aono Shigetoshi
Published: October 2017

Typical signal-transduction systems and prosthetic groups for gas sensing are summarized. Biological signal-transduction systems can be classified into single-, two- and multicomponent systems, based on the number(s) of proteins constituting the systems. Gas-sensor proteins are known in all three systems. While NO-, O2-, and CO-sensing transcriptional regulators and enzymes are known as members of the single-component systems, NO- and O2-sensing histidine kinases and cognate response regulators constitute the two-component systems. Bacterial chemotaxis regulatory systems, mammalian O2 sensing systems mediated by the hypoxia inducible factors, and plant ethylene signalling systems are multicomponent systems discussed in this book. Haem, iron–sulfur clusters and mononuclear or binuclear nonhaem iron centres are typical metal-containing prosthetic groups employed as active sites for sensing gas molecules. Their basic properties are also summarized in this chapter.
Haem-based Sensors of Dioxygen
Authors: Sawai Hitomi , Shiro Yoshitsugu
Published: October 2017

Dioxygen (molecular oxygen, O2) is a dominant environmental molecule that affects the metabolic, physiological, and behavioural responses of living organisms, from micro-organisms to human. The regulation of biological systems requires all living organisms to be able to sense the environmental O2 concentration with O2-sensing protein systems or O2-sensor proteins. This chapter focuses on the haem-based O2 sensor in bacteria, archaea, nematodes and insects, and describes the mechanisms of O2 sensing (input) and subsequent functional expression (output) of these systems. The haem-based O2 sensors are the best characterized among all gas-sensor proteins. They contain a haem molecule in their sensor domains and can combine with O2 reversibly. Generally, the sensor domain is linked to regulator domains with various biological functions (e.g., histidine kinase, methyl accepting chemotaxis protein, diguanylate cyclase, phosphodiesterase, guanylate/adenylate cyclases) to transduce the signal into a specific output. In Section 3.2, the properties of general types of sensor domains are described, and the characteristics of each type of haem-based O2-sensor protein are explained in terms of each output function including issues on the studies of these proteins in Sections 3.3–3.6.
Iron–Sulfur Cluster-based Sensors
Authors: Crack Jason C. , Le Brun Nick E.
Published: October 2017

Iron–sulfur cluster proteins fulfil a wide range of functions in biology, the most recently discovered of which is as regulatory proteins that control the cellular response to a variety of environmental stimuli that cause intracellular changes. The inherent reactivity of iron–sulfur clusters, particularly towards small (gas) molecules, makes them ideal candidates to function as the sensory modules in such regulatory proteins. A wide range of data show that this is the case. Here, we review recent major advances in identifying and characterising iron–sulfur cluster regulators that sense O2/oxidative stress, and NO/nitrosative stress. These include the first structures of the widespread O2 sensor FNR and the NO sensor NsrR, and in vivo, biochemical, spectroscopic, kinetic and mass spectrometric data that provide new insight into how the iron–sulfur clusters of these proteins function in transducing the relevant signal to control the regulatory response.
Nonhaem Iron-based Sensors of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species
Authors: Ishimori Koichiro , Nam Dayeon
Published: October 2017

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are constitutively generated in biological systems as side-products of oxidation reactions. Due to their high chemical reactivity, many organisms have developed effective elimination and defence systems for ROS and RNS. Although ROS and RNS are harmful nuisances for cells, the amount of ROS and RNS depends on the oxidation states and redox status of cells, and these reactive species can be utilized as the signalling molecules for adaptive response to the oxidative stress and unusual redox balance. All organisms from bacterial to mammalian, therefore, have specific sensing systems for ROS and RNS to promote survival. In addition, ROS and RNS are intentionally generated by specific enzymes under cellular control, which can serve as effective chemical weapons against invading pathogens. Hosts fight pathogens by generating ROS and RNS as the chemical weapons, while pathogens defend the attack of ROS and RNS by sensing them and activating their defence system. Although all of the cell components are targets of ROS and RNS, the iron ions are highly susceptible to ROS and RNS. Consequently, these ions are widely used as the active centres for sensing ROS and RNS. Binding of ROS or RNS to nonhaem iron-based sensors initiates specific responses such as expression of genes encoding enzymes in elimination and defence systems for ROS and RNS. In this chapter, several nonhaem iron-based sensors showing unique sensing mechanisms are reviewed, focusing on their molecular structure and reaction mechanisms for sensing ROS and RNS, as well as the biological significance of these reactive species.
Correction: Tuning ethylene gas adsorption via metal node modulation: Cu-MOF-74 for a high ethylene deliverable capacity
Authors: Liao Yijun , Zhang Lin , Weston Mitchell H. , Morris William , Hupp Joseph T. , Farha Omar K.
Published: October 2017

Correction for ‘Tuning ethylene gas adsorption via metal node modulation: Cu-MOF-74 for a high ethylene deliverable capacity’ by Yijun Liao et al., Chem. Commun., 2017, 53, 9376–9379.
Highly active Pd–Ni nanocatalysts supported on multicharged polymer matrix
Authors: Sultanova Elza D. , Samigullina Aida I. , Nastapova Natalya V. , Nizameev Irek R. , Kholin Kirill V. , Morozov Vladimir I. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Yanilkin Vitaliy V. , Kadirov Marsil K. , Ziganshina Albina Y. , Konovalov Alexander I.
Published: October 2017

In this article, we report the synthesis of mono- and bimetallic Pd–Ni nanocomposites supported on a multicharged polymeric matrix for catalytic applications.
Novel chloride-centered Ag18clusters featuring a cuboctahedral Ag12skeleton
Authors: Shen Hui , Kubo Kazuyuki , Kume Shoko , Zhang Limin , Mizuta Tsutomu
Published: October 2017

Two chloride-centered silver clusters Ag18with a rare cuboctahedral Ag12skeleton were synthesized and structurally determined.
Aminophosphine ligands as a privileged platform for development of antitumoral ruthenium(ii) arene complexes
Authors: Broomfield L. M. , Alonso-Moreno C. , Martin E. , Shafir A. , Posadas I. , Ceña V. , Castro-Osma J. A.
Published: October 2017

The potential utility of aminophosphine ligands in both high-throughput testing and rational design of new anticancer metallodrugs.
A solid phase-assisted approach for the facile synthesis of a highly water-soluble zirconium-89 chelator for radiopharmaceutical development
Authors: Briand Manon , Aulsebrook Margaret L. , Mindt Thomas L. , Gasser Gilles
Published: October 2017

The solid-phase synthesis of a water-soluble bifunctional chelator for 89Zr is reported.
Optical limiters with improved performance based on nanoconjugates of thiol substituted phthalocyanine with CdSe quantum dots and Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Oluwole David O. , Yagodin Alexey V. , Britton Jonathan , Martynov Alexander G. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu. , Nyokong Tebello
Published: October 2017

Grafting of thiolated phthalocyanine onto quantum dots and nanoparticles provided conjugates with prominent optical limiting.
Correction: Variable coordination and C–S bond cleavage activity of N-substituted imidazolidine-2-thiones towards copper: synthesis, spectroscopy, structures, ESI-mass and antimicrobial studies
Authors: Aulakh Jaspreet K. , Lobana Tarlok S. , Sood Henna , Arora Daljit S. , Garcia-Santos Isabel , Hundal Geeta , Kaur Manpreet , Smolenski Victoria A. , Jasinski Jerry P.
Published: October 2017

Correction for ‘Variable coordination and C–S bond cleavage activity of N-substituted imidazolidine-2-thiones towards copper: synthesis, spectroscopy, structures, ESI-mass and antimicrobial studies’ by Jaspreet K. Aulakh, et al., Dalton Trans., 2017, 46, 1324–1339.
Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis induced by human gut microbiota
Authors: Chen Dan , Chen Guijie , Wan Peng , Hu Bing , Chen Ligen , Ou Shiyi , Zeng Xiaoxiong , Ye Hong
Published: October 2017

In the present study, digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro of polysaccharides from the flowers of Camellia sinensis (TFPS) by human gut microbiota were investigated.
Harnessing the potential of natural products in drug discovery from a cheminformatics vantage point
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago
Published: October 2017

Cheminformatics tools provide a viable means to unravel chemistry and biology in natural product space.
Regioselective three-component synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted quinolines via the enaminone modified Povarov reaction
Authors: Li Yi , Cao Xiaoji , Liu Yunyun , Wan Jie-Ping
Published: October 2017

The enaminone modified three-component Povarov reactions enable the regioselective synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted quinolines.
A photocatalyst immobilized on fibrous and porous monolithic cellulose for heterogeneous catalysis of controlled radical polymerization
Authors: Chu Yingying , Huang Zixuan , Liang Kang , Guo Jia , Boyer Cyrille , Xu Jiangtao
Published: October 2017

Fibrous and porous monolithic cellulose was employed to immobilize a photocatalyst for heterogeneously catalysing controlled radical polymerization, which provides superior catalyst recyclability.
Elastic FRET sensors for contactless pressure measurement
Authors: Morgner Frank , Bennemann Mark , Cywiński Piotr J. , Kollosche Matthias , Górski Krzysztof , Pietraszkiewicz Marek , Geßner André , Löhmannsröben Hans-Gerd
Published: October 2017

Contactless pressure monitoring based on Förster resonance energy transfer between donor–acceptors pairs immobilized within a thermoplastic elastomer is demonstrated for novel stretchable opto-electronics and opto-mechanical sensors.
Preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon dots with high quantum yield from Bombyx mori silk for Fe(iii) ions detection
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Yue , Liu Jia Hui , Hou Peng , Zhou Jun , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: October 2017

A facile one step hydrothermal method to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon dots (CDs) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield using Bombyx mori silk was established, and CDs were applied as luminescent probes for selective detection of Fe3+ ions.
Graphene-enhanced platinum-catalysed hydrosilylation of amides and chalcones: a sustainable strategy allocated with in situ heterogenization and multitask application of H2PtCl6
Authors: Li Ning , Dong Xiao-Yun , Zhang Jing-Lei , Yang Ke-Fang , Zheng Zhan-Jiang , Zhang Wei-Qiang , Gao Zi-Wei , Xu Li-Wen
Published: October 2017

This work developed a new sustainable strategy with comprehensive utilization of recovered catalyst, which the organosilicon/graphene-supported platinum catalyst prepared from reduction of amides could be further used in the 1,4-hydrosilylation of chalcones.
Atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of methylammonium bismuth iodide thin films
Authors: Chen Xiao , Myung Yoon , Thind Arashdeep , Gao Zhengning , Yin Bo , Shen Meikun , Cho Sung Beom , Cheng Peifu , Sadtler Bryce , Mishra Rohan , Banerjee Parag
Published: October 2017

High quality methylammonium bismuth iodide films made using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition.
High-efficient electrocatalysts by unconventional acid-etching for overall water splitting
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhu Ting , Lu Xin , Ho Ghim Wei
Published: October 2017

A novel method is described for production of a two-tiered hierarchical nickel hydroxide nanosheetviaself-regulating acid-etching.
Correction: Melamine–terephthalaldehyde–lithium complex: a porous organic network based single ion electrolyte for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Rohan Rupesh , Pareek Kapil , Cai Weiwei , Zhang Yunfeng , Xu Guodong , Chen Zhongxin , Gao Zhiqiang , Zhao Dan , Cheng Hansong
Published: October 2017

Correction for ‘Melamine–terephthalaldehyde–lithium complex: a porous organic network based single ion electrolyte for lithium ion batteries’ by Rupesh Rohan et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 5132–5139.
Hydrogen bonding-assisted loosely packed crystals of a diaminomaleonitrile-modified tetraphenylethene compound and their photo- and mechano-responsive properties
Authors: Huang Qiuyi , Yu Tao , Xie Zongliang , Li Wenlang , Wang Leyu , Liu Siwei , Zhang Yi , Chi Zhenguo , Xu Jiarui , Aldred Matthew P.
Published: October 2017

Loosely packed crystals: Intermolecular-hydrogen-bonding assisted loosely packed crystals were constructed as multi-responsive materials with turn-on emission properties.
The Frequency and Nature of Communication Between School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists and Caregivers of Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Tambyraja Sherine R. , Schmitt Mary Beth , Justice Laura M.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The present study investigates the extent to which school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) communicate with the caregivers of children with language impairment and the factors that are significantly associated with frequent communication. In addition, this study investigates the extent to which frequent SLP–caregiver communication is associated with change in language and literacy abilities of children.

Method

To address the study aims, weekly communication logs from 73 SLPs, serving 3–5 children with language impairment in grades K-2, were collected for a complete academic year. Logs detailed the frequency and nature of SLP–caregiver communication. Information regarding children's age, language ability, and socioeconomic status were gathered at study onset; additionally, SLPs completed a questionnaire about their work experience and current work conditions (e.g., caseload size and job satisfaction). Finally, children were administered grammar, vocabulary, and early literacy assessments at the beginning and end of the academic year.

Results

Descriptive results indicate that (a) the most common type of communication was via homework, (b) children's socioeconomic status was related to communication frequency, and (c) increased SLP–caregiver communication related to increased grammar gains over the academic year.

Conclusion

These results suggest that SLP–caregiver communication may be important for children's language outcomes; further studies exploring ways to support these communicative efforts are warranted.
Robust multi‐feature visual tracking via multi‐task kernel‐based sparse learning
Authors: Kang Bin , Zhu Wei‐Ping , Liang Dong
Published: October 2017

Feature selection and fusion is of crucial importance in multi‐feature visual tracking. This study proposes a multi‐task kernel‐based sparse learning method for multi‐feature visual tracking. The proposed sparse learning method can discriminate the reliable and unreliable features for optimal multi‐feature fusion through using a Fisher discrimination criterion‐based multi‐objective model to adaptively train the kernel weights of different features such as pixel intensity, edge and texture. To guarantee a robustness of the sparse representation method, a mixed norm is employed in the sparse leaning method to adaptively select correlated particle observations for multi‐task sparse reconstruction. Experimental results show that the proposed sparse learning method can achieve a better tracking performance than state‐of‐the‐art tracking methods do.
Sub-Riemannian geometry and swimming at low Reynolds number: the Copepod case
Authors: Bettiol P. , Bonnard B. , Nolot A. , Rouot J.
Published: October 2017

In Takagi [Phys. Rev. E 92 (2015) 023020], based on copepod observations, Takagi proposed a model to interpret the swimming behaviour of these microorganisms using sinusoidal paddling or sequential paddling followed by a recovery stroke in unison, and compares them invoking the concept of efficiency. Our aim is to provide an interpretation of Takagi’s results in the frame of optimal control theory and sub-Riemannian geometry. The maximum principle is used to select two types of periodic control candidates as minimizers: sinusoidal up to time reparameterization and the sequential paddling, interpreted as an abnormal stroke in sub-Riemannian geometry. Geometric analysis combined with numerical simulations are decisive tools to compute the optimal solutions, refining Takagi computations. A family of simple strokes with small amplitudes emanating from a center is characterized as an invariant of SR-geometry and allows to identify the metric used by the swimmer. The notion of efficiency is discussed in detail and related with normality properties of minimizers.
Local exact boundary controllability of entropy solutions to linearly degenerate quasilinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws
Authors: Li Tatsien , Yu Lei
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we study the local exact boundary controllability of entropy solutions to linearly degenerate quasilinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws with characteristics of constant multiplicity. We prove the two-sided boundary controllability, the one-sided boundary controllability and the two-sided boundary controllability with fewer controls, by applying the strategy used in [T. Li and L. Yu,J. Math. Pures et Appl.107(2017) 1–40; L. Yu,Chinese Ann. Math., Ser. B(To appear)]. Our constructive method is based on the well-posedness of semi-global solutions constructed by the limit ofε-approximate front tracking solutions to the mixed initial-boundary value problem with general nonlinear boundary conditions, and on some further properties of bothε-approximate front tracking solutions and limit solutions.
A multiferroic material [NH2-CH+-NH2]Co(HCOO)3 of metal-organic frameworks with weak ferromagnetism and dielectric relaxation
Authors: Luo Jiangqi , Fu Qiong , Wang Haiyun , Zhao Dongmei , Luo Laihui , Li Weiping
Published: October 2017

In order to seek for the single-phase multiferroic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials, we prepared a multiferroic material [NH2-CH+-NH2]Co(HCOO)3 (FMDCo) by solvothermal method. We found that it had weak ferromagnetism below 12.5 K with the coercive fields (Hc) of 560 Oe, remnant magnetization (Mr) of 7.67 emu/g and saturation magnetization (Ms) of 10.3 emu/g and exhibited obvious dielectric relaxation. The octahedral metal ions (Co2+) were linked by formate (HCOO-) ligands. The AmineH+ cation (NH2-CH+-NH2) were located within the cube-like cavities of the framework and formed extensive hydrogen bonds with the framework. This improved the phase transition temperature and thermal stability. This finding helps to understand the nature of magnetic and electric ordering in the MOFs.
Angle-resolved photoluminescence spectrum of a uniform phosphor layer
Authors: Fujieda Ichiro , Ohta Masamichi
Published: October 2017

A photoluminescence spectrum depends on an emission angle due to self-absorption in a phosphor material. Assuming isotropic initial emission and Lambert-Beer’s law, we have derived simple expressions for the angle-resolved spectra emerging from the top and bottom surfaces of a uniform phosphor layer. The transmittance of an excitation light through the phosphor layer can be regarded as a design parameter. For a strongly-absorbing phosphor layer, the forward flux is less intense and more red-shifted than the backward flux. The red-shift is enhanced as the emission direction deviates away from the plane normal. When we increase the transmittance, the backward flux decreases monotonically. The forward flux peaks at a certain transmittance value. The two fluxes become similar to each other for a weakly-absorbing phosphor layer. We have observed these behaviors in experiment. In a practical application, self-absorption decreases the efficiency of conversion and results in angle-dependent variations in chromaticity coordinates. A patterned phosphor layer with a secondary optical element such as a remote reflector alleviates these problems.
Intensity anomalies in the rotational and ro-vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules
Authors: Medvedev Emile S. , Ushakov Vladimir G. , Stolyarov Andrey V. , Gordon Iouli E.
Published: October 2017

We study the anomalies in the distributions of intensities of transitions in the purely rotational bands and the rotational branches of the vibrational bands within the unperturbed ground electronic states in spectra of diatomic molecules. While normally these distributions follow smooth patterns, sudden drops in intensity values are often observed. We analyze the origin of these anomalies in HF, DF, and CO and find that they are predominantly associated with specific forms of the dipole-moment functions (DMFs). The rotational transitions at which these anomalies occur and their severity are very sensitive to these forms, which makes them a promising tool for refining the empirical DMFs.
Polymerization related deformations in multilayer soft stamps for nanoimprint
Authors: Förthner M. , Papenheim M. , Rumler M. , Stumpf F. , Baier L. , Rommel M. , Scheer H.-C. , Frey L.
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a study concerning the macroscale deformation of soft stamps for nanoimprint lithography. Composite stamps consisting of two or three layers were prepared with varying process parameters, and the bow of the stamps was investigated with an optical profilometer. Deflection measurements were compared with results from a mechanical model in order to prove its validity. The composite stamps were prepared from polydimethylsiloxane (S-PDMS) and OrmoStamp® layers on different substrate materials (silicon or AF-32-glass). The influence of selected preparation parameters on the deformation was investigated, such as layer thickness, curing, and hardbake temperatures, as well as UV-exposure intensities. It is discussed how an appropriate choice of preparation parameters can reduce the deformation, too. By decreasing the curing intensity of a thin OrmoStamp layer, coated on top of a silicon wafer, from 200 mW/cm2 to 2 mW/cm2, the deformation was reduced from 6 μm to 0. It is shown that the mechanical model is capable of predicting the deformation of composite stamps consisting of OrmoStamp layers on top of a silicon substrate. Further on, deformation results for S-PDMS top layers are presented and discussed. As a promising process option for the reduction of stamp deformations, a new, room temperature curable PDMS recipe is introduced. For composite stamps prepared with this material, the deformation value was reduced below 10 μm, compared to values ranging from 10 μm up to 127 μm for thermally cured S-PDMS (50 °C or 70 °C). Finally, different two-layer stamps were coated with an additional third layer and measured again, in order to investigate the deflection for tri-layered cases. The research is of high relevance for the fabrication and application of substrate conformal imprint lithography stamps with minimized deflection.
Numerical investigation of the relationship between magnetic stiffness and minor loop size in the HTS levitation system
Authors: Yang Yong , Li Chengshan
Published: October 2017

The effect of minor loop size on the magnetic stiffness has not been paid attention to by most researchers in experimental and theoretical studies about the high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnetic levitation system. In this work, we numerically investigate the average magnetic stiffness obtained by the minor loop traverses Δz (or Δx) varying from 0.1 mm to 2 mm in zero field cooling and field cooling regimes, respectively. The approximate values of the magnetic stiffness with zero traverse are obtained using the method of linear extrapolation. Compared with the average magnetic stiffness gained by any minor loop traverse, these approximate values are Not always close to the average magnetic stiffness produced by the smallest size of minor loops. The relative deviation ranges of average magnetic stiffness gained by the usually minor loop traverse (1 or 2 mm) are presented by the ratios of approximate values to average stiffness for different moving processes and two typical cooling conditions. The results show that most of average magnetic stiffness are remarkably influenced by the sizes of minor loop, which indicates that the magnetic stiffness obtained by a single minor loop traverse Δz or Δx, for example, 1 or 2 mm, can be generally caused a large deviation.
A coupler for parasitic mode diagnosis in an X-band triaxial klystron amplifier
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ju Jin-chuan , Zhang Jun , Qi Zu-min , Zhong Hui-huang
Published: October 2017

The traditional methods of parasitic mode excitation diagnosis in an X-band triaxial klystron amplifier (TKA) meet two difficulties: limited installation space and vacuum sealing. In order to solve these issues, a simple and compact coupler with good sealing performance, which can prevent air flow between the main and the auxiliary waveguides, is proposed and investigated experimentally. The coupler is designed with the aperture diffraction theory and the finite-different time-domain (FDTD) method. The designed coupler consists of a main coaxial waveguide (for microwave transmission) and a rectangular auxiliary waveguide (for parasitic mode diagnosis). The entire coupler structure has been fabricated by macromolecule polymer which is transparent to microwave signal in frequency range of X-band. The metal coating of about 200 microns has been performed through electroplating technique to ensure that the device operates well at high power. A small aperture is made in the metal coating. Hence, microwave can couple through the hole and the wave-transparent medium, whereas air flow is blocked by the wave-transparent medium. The coupling coefficient is analyzed and simulated with CST software. The coupler model is also included in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation with CHIPIC software and the associated parasitic mode excitation is studied. A frequency component of 11.46 GHz is observed in the FFT of the electric field of the drift tube and its corresponding competition mode appears as TE61 mode according to the electric field distribution. Besides, a frequency component of 10.8 GHz is also observed in the FFT of the electric field. After optimization of TE61 mode suppression, an experiment of the TKA with the designed coupler is carried out and the parasitic mode excitation at 10.8 GHz is observed through the designed coupler.
The mechanics-modulated tunneling spectrum and low-pass effect of viscoelastic molecular monolayer
Authors: Chen Yun , Zhang Xiaoyue , Shao Jian , Yu Jing , Wang Biao , Zheng Yue
Published: October 2017

Understanding the force-induced conductance fluctuation in molecules is essential for building molecular devices with high stability. While stiffness of molecule is usually considered to be desirable for stable conductance, we demonstrate mechanical dragging in viscoelastic molecules integrates both noise resistance and mechanical controllability to molecular conductance. Via conductive atomic force microscope measurement and theoretical modeling, it’s found that viscoelastic Azurin monolayer has spectrum-like pattern of conductance corresponding to the duration and strength of applied mechanical pulse under low-frequency excitation. Conductance fluctuation is prevented under high-frequency excitation by dragging dissipation, which qualifies molecular junction with electric robustness against mechanical noise.
A chaos wolf optimization algorithm with self-adaptive variable step-size
Authors: Zhu Yong , Jiang Wanlu , Kong Xiangdong , Quan Lingxiao , Zhang Yongshun
Published: October 2017

To explore the problem of parameter optimization for complex nonlinear function, a chaos wolf optimization algorithm (CWOA) with self-adaptive variable step-size was proposed. The algorithm was based on the swarm intelligence of wolf pack, which fully simulated the predation behavior and prey distribution way of wolves. It possessed three intelligent behaviors such as migration, summons and siege. And the competition rule as “winner-take-all” and the update mechanism as “survival of the fittest” were also the characteristics of the algorithm. Moreover, it combined the strategies of self-adaptive variable step-size search and chaos optimization. The CWOA was utilized in parameter optimization of twelve typical and complex nonlinear functions. And the obtained results were compared with many existing algorithms, including the classical genetic algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the leader wolf pack search algorithm. The investigation results indicate that CWOA possess preferable optimization ability. There are advantages in optimization accuracy and convergence rate. Furthermore, it demonstrates high robustness and global searching ability.
How does methylation suppress the electron-induced decomposition of 1-methyl-nitroimidazoles?
Authors: Kossoski F. , Varella M. T. do N.
Published: October 2017

The efficient decomposition of nitroimidazoles (NIs) by low energy electrons is believed to underlie their radiosensitizing properties. Recent dissociative electron attachment (DEA) measurements showed that methylation at the N1 site unexpectedly suppresses the electron-induced reactions in 4(5)-NI. We report theoretical results that provide a clear interpretation of that astounding finding. Around 1.5 eV, DEA reactions into several fragments are initiated by a π* resonance, not considered in previous studies. The autoionization lifetime of this anion state, which limits the predissociation dynamics, is considerably shorter in the methylated species, thereby suppressing the DEA signals. On the other hand, the lifetime of the π* resonance located around 3 eV is less affected by methylation, which explains why DEA is still observed at these energies. Our results demonstrate how even a simple methylation can significantly modify the probabilities for DEA reactions, which may be significant for NI-based cancer therapy.
Molecular forces in electromechanical integrated electrostatic harmonic actuator
Authors: Xu Lizhong , Shi Xufei
Published: October 2017

Authors invent an electromechanical integrated electrostatic harmonic actuator. It is more favorable for miniaturization of the electromechanical devices. As the dimensions of the actuator decreases, the effects of the Casimir and van der Waals forces become obvious. Here, effects of the molecular forces on the operating behavior of the actuator are investigated theoretically investigated by a parametric study. The equations of the radial displacements of the flexible ring and the output torque for the actuator are deduced for three different situations: only considering electrostatic force, considering electrostatic and van der Waals forces, and considering electrostatic and the Casimir forces. The effects of van der Waals or the Casimir force on the radial displacements of the flexible ring and the output torque for the actuator are analyzed. Results show that van der Waals or the Casimir forces has obvious effects on the output torque of the actuator for small structure dimension. The results are useful in theory and technique studies on further miniaturization of the actuator.
Polarity switching significantly improves thallium bromide radiation detectors
Authors: Tracy Samantha
Published: October 2017

Bias switching schemes counteract the detrimental polarization phenomenon and increase the lifespan of thallium bromide semiconductor radiation detectors.
Synthesis of glycolurils and their analogues
Authors: Kravchenko Angelina N. , Baranov Vladimir V. , Gazieva Galina A.
Published: October 2017

Glycolurils — tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5(1H,3H)-diones — have found widespread applications in various fields of science and technology. Among them, there are pharmacologically active compounds (antibacterial, nootropic, neurotropic agents, etc.), explosives, gelators, etc. They are used as building blocks in supramolecular chemistry. Therefore, the development of new methods for the synthesis of glycolurils and their analogues has constantly attracted the attention of researchers. In this review, we analyze various approaches to the synthesis of glycolurils and their analogues. The review covers both classical reactions of ureas and related compounds with α-dicarbonyl compounds or with 4,5-dihydroxyimida-zolidin-2-ones (-thiones) and their imino analogues and new original reactions of 4,5-dihydroxyimidazolidin-2-ones (-thiones), imidazolinones and their bicyclic analogues with ureas and KNCS in the presence of acids, condensations of 1,4-disubstituted 1,4-diaza-1,3-dienes with isocyanic and/or isothiocyanic acids or isocyanates, triazine ring contraction in imidazotriazines to give the imidazolidine ring, and transformations of urazoles.

The bibliography includes 129 references.
Methods for the synthesis of O-, S- and N-vinyl derivatives
Authors: Ledovskaya Maria S. , Voronin Vladimir V. , Rodygin Konstantin S.
Published: October 2017

The currently known methods for the preparation of vinyl ethers, vinyl sulfides and enamines are analyzed and described systematically. The published data on the reactions of alcohols, thiols and various nitrogen-containing compounds with acetylene, resulting in the corresponding vinyl derivatives, are considered. The attention is focused on the application of convenient acetylene sources. Other modern approaches to the synthesis of vinyl derivatives are described in detail, including vinyl exchange and metathesis reactions, various types of cross-coupling and cleavage of organic compounds. Some specific synthetic routes to vinyl ethers, vinyl sulfides and enamines are presented in the last Section.

The bibliography includes 262 references.
Public Health Laboratory Network
Authors: Bates John R
Published: October 2017

The Public Health Laboratory Network had its inaugural meeting on 26 June 1997. The meeting was chaired by Professor Lyn Gilbert who played a pivotal role in establishing this group. This was the first time that all the state and territory public health laboratory directors had been called to meet together. Members expressed a strong desire to communicate more closely on issues of public health importance and recognised the importance of promoting the role of public health laboratories in outbreak investigations and routine and enhanced surveillance.
Combining disparate data sources for improved poverty prediction and mapping
Authors: Pokhriyal Neeti , Jacques Damien Christophe
Published: October 2017

Significance

Spatially finest poverty maps are essential for improved diagnosis and policy planning, especially keeping in view the Sustainable Development Goals. “Big Data” sources like call data records and satellite imagery have shown promise in providing intercensal statistics. This study outlines a computational framework to efficiently combine disparate data sources, like environmental data, and mobile data, to provide more accurate predictions of poverty and its individual dimensions for finest spatial microregions in Senegal. These are validated using the concurrent census data.
Continuum limit of the vibrational properties of amorphous solids
Authors: Mizuno Hideyuki , Shiba Hayato , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: October 2017

Significance

The thermal properties of crystalline solids follow universal laws that are explained by theories based on phonons. Amorphous solids are also characterized by universal laws that are, however, anomalous with respect to their crystalline counterparts. These anomalies begin to emerge at very low temperatures, suggesting that the vibrational properties of amorphous solids differ from phonons, even in the continuum limit. In this work, we reveal that phonons coexist with soft localized modes in the continuum limit of amorphous solids. Importantly, we discover that the phonons follow the Debye law, whereas the soft localized modes follow another universal non-Debye law. Our findings provide a firm theoretical basis for explaining the thermal anomalies of amorphous solids.
Transcriptomes of major renal collecting duct cell types in mouse identified by single-cell RNA-seq
Authors: Chen Lihe , Lee Jae Wook , Chou Chung-Lin , Nair Anil V. , Battistone Maria A. , Păunescu Teodor G. , Merkulova Maria , Breton Sylvie , Verlander Jill W. , Wall Susan M. , Brown Dennis , Burg Maurice B. , Knepper Mark A.
Published: October 2017

Significance

A long-term goal in mammalian biology is to identify the genes expressed in every cell type of the body. In the kidney, the expressed genes (i.e., transcriptome) of all epithelial cell types have already been identified with the exception of the cells that make up the renal collecting duct, which is responsible for regulation of blood pressure and body fluid composition. Here, single-cell RNA-sequencing was used in mouse to identify transcriptomes for the major collecting duct cell types: type A intercalated cells, type B intercalated cells, and principal cells. The information was used to create a publicly accessible online resource. The data allowed identification of genes that are selectively expressed in each cell type, which is informative for cell-level understanding of physiology and pathophysiology.
Investigation of water jet peening process parameters on AL6061-T6
Authors: Muruganandhan R. , Mugilvalavan M. , Thirumavalavan K. , Yuvaraj N.
Published: October 2017

Water jet peening is the unconventional surface treatment technique which is gaining importance in advanced manufacturing processes. In contrast to conventional peening operations, water jet peening acts as a simple process control, despite the presence of multiple variables in the process. This paper describes a pure water jet employed for impingement on the target surface of aluminium 6061-T6 alloy with a pure water jet cutting nozzle. In this study, experiments were conducted with different water jet pressure by varying the standoff distance, traverse speed and number of passes. Determination of the optimal water jet peening parameters for the aluminium alloy by the multi-response technique TOPSIS was another objective. The experimental results indicated improvement in the micro hardness and surface roughness of the peened surface over the base material. The compressive residual stress was measured for optimal setting conditions. No significant changes were observed in the water peened surface.
Dual role for DOCK7 in tangential migration of interneuron precursors in the postnatal forebrain
Authors: Nakamuta Shinichi , Yang Yu-Ting , Wang Chia-Lin , Gallo Nicholas B. , Yu Jia-Ray , Tai Yilin , Van Aelst Linda
Published: October 2017

Throughout life, stem cells in the ventricular–subventricular zone generate neuroblasts that migrate via the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into local interneurons. Although progress has been made toward identifying extracellular factors that guide the migration of these cells, little is known about the intracellular mechanisms that govern the dynamic reshaping of the neuroblasts’ morphology required for their migration along the RMS. In this study, we identify DOCK7, a member of the DOCK180-family, as a molecule essential for tangential neuroblast migration in the postnatal mouse forebrain. DOCK7 regulates the migration of these cells by controlling both leading process (LP) extension and somal translocation via distinct pathways. It controls LP stability/growth via a Rac-dependent pathway, likely by modulating microtubule networks while also regulating F-actin remodeling at the cell rear to promote somal translocation via a previously unrecognized myosin phosphatase–RhoA–interacting protein-dependent pathway. The coordinated action of both pathways is required to ensure efficient neuroblast migration along the RMS.