bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproductive toxicity of heavy metals in fallow deer in vitro
Authors: Abdelsalam Ehdaa Eltayeb Eltigani , Banďouchová Hana , Heger Tomáš , Kaňová Miroslava , Kobelková Kateřina , Němcová Monika , Piaček Vladimír , Sedláčková Jana , Seidlová Veronika , Vitula František , Pikula Jiří
Published: October 2021

Sertoli cells play a crucial role in male fertility through boosting and regulating the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells into mature sperm during spermatogenesis. Female ovarian follicles are responsible for the production of mature ova and control of ovarian steroidogenesis. Disruption of these structures through exposure to environmental pollutants is critical for reproductive health. Here, we derived primary cell cultures of Sertoli cells and ovarian follicles from fallow deer (Dama dama). Cells were used as in vitro models to explore reproductive toxicity of heavy metals in wild species. Adverse effects of cadmium (CdCl2), methylmercury (MeHgCl2), and lead (PbCl2) were investigated through a range of equal molar concentrations (0, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250 µM). We found both concentration-dependent and independent cytotoxic patterns (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in cells exposed to CdCl2, MeHgCl2, and PbCl2. Based on generation of lipid hydroperoxides, significant levels of cell oxidative perturbation were detected in the CdCl2 (P = 0.0001), PbCl2 (P = 0.001), and MeHgCl2 (P = 0.003) groups. Likewise, the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase were inhibited in all metal-treated groups (P < 0.01). Genotoxic DNA damage (single-strand break) was also observed (MeHgCl2 group, P = 0.002; CdCl2 and PbCl2 groups, P = 0.004). Increased activity of superoxide dismutase (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.01) was observed in MeHgCl2 and CdCl2, respectively. Cell apoptosis was detected in all the PbCl2 and CdCl2 (P = 0.00007) and MeHgCl2 (P = 0.001) groups. The results of this study can be used to characterize the responsiveness of fallow deer gonadal cells to the stress of toxic metal exposure.
First report of infection by Debaryomyces spp. in Myotis velifer (cave myotis) in Mexico
Authors: Tamayo Héctor , Domínguez Miguel A. , Acevedo Luz María Ramírez , Pérez Graciela E. González , García-Luis Margarita , de la Rosa Diego Pérez , Briones-Salas Miguel
Published: October 2021

Interest in the study of mycotic diseases in bats has increased after the identification of bats affected by white-nose syndrome in the northern United States. In a temperate forest of the community of San Pedro Yolox, Ixtlán in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, Mexico, we collected bats of various species, including 13 specimens of Myotis velifer that showed lesions in the plagio- and uro-patagium. Clinical exploration, histopathological studies and molecular analysis were carried out to determine the causal agent of the lesions present in these individuals. It was determined that the cause was the pathogenic fungus Debaryomyces spp. The present study represents the first report of fungal infection in bats in southern Mexico.
Increasing Access to Skilled Nursing Facilities for Obese and Morbidly Obese Populations: An Educational Program Development Project
Authors: Sousa Melissa
Published: October 2021

Public Health is defined as “the science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has listed obesity as one of the top ten public health concerns facing communities today. According to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than one-third of adults are considered obese or morbidly obese. Out of that one-third, approximately 41% are adults aged 60 or older who will require at least one nursing home level of care stay in their lifetime. The purpose of this project was to develop a quality improvement educational program aimed at improving knowledge regarding rehabilitative management and care of bariatric clients targeted to social service staff employed in skilled nursing facilities. The goal was to increase awareness of need, knowledge of strategies, safety, and cost savings for the facility. This project focused on social service professionals who are members of the Rhode Island Leading Age Social Work Group. The educational intervention was comprised of a presurvey, an educational seminar, a postsurvey, and an evaluation of the program during regularly scheduled monthly meeting. Six social work professionals who work in long term care facilities participated in the program.
HISTORIATED INITIALS IN THE SAINT JEROME PROLOGUES IN 12TH – 13TH CENTURIE ILLUMINATED BIBLES
Authors:   Russian State Library, Zotova Elizaveta V.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the images of St. Jerome in the historiated initials in Latin Bibles. The iconographic variability of illustrations to the Jerome Prologues to the books of Holy Scripture, in 12th – 13th century manuscripts, demonstrates the lack of unified iconographic schemes for their themes during the period discussed. At the same time these illustrative sources show the processes of change in the formation of iconography: the traditional iconographic schemes used in medieval illuminated manuscripts (portraits of the author, dedication scenes) and their further transformation in new contexts, reveal such major themes as the connection of images with text and the functions of the image and the initial in the book.
The influence of the ideas of liberalism and conservatism on the ideology of Russia
Authors: Alekseeva Liliya
Published: October 2021

the article examines the influence of both liberal and conservative ideas on the development of the ideology of Russia, which, in turn, is reflected both in the policy pursued by the state and in the Basic Law of the country.
El arte rupestre de Laguna Miramar, Chiapas. Estilos y temporalidades
Authors: Folch González Ramón , Lozada Toledo Josuhé
Published: October 2021

En este trabajo se analiza el arte rupestre de la Laguna Miramar, ubicada en el municipio de Ocosingo, Chiapas, y se compara con manifestaciones similares en el área con el fin de refinar una tipología regional de estilos y pigmentos. El registro detallado de las pinturas y petrograbados se hizo con fotografía, DStrech y dibujo. Se propone asociar estilos y pinturas cercanos a cuerpos de agua a los periodos Preclásico Tardío, Postclásico e Histórico/Colonial. Igualmente se revisan los trabajos sobre arte rupestre en Chiapas, y particularmente en la Selva Lacandona. El esquema propuesto articula el estudio descriptivo para realizar interpretaciones respecto a temas como religión, paisaje y peregrinaciones.
As palavras e os lugares em Alberto Lamego
Authors: Castro Bernardo José Alvarez de , Gomes Paulo Cesar da Costa , Ribeiro Letícia Parente , Gois Marcos Paulo Ferreira de , Gomes Rafael Augusto Andrade , Leite Thomaz Menezes
Published: October 2021

Há, na ciência geográfica, uma longa tradição no uso de estratégias descritivas para apresentar imagens de lugares. Uma delas é a construção de quadros geográficos, que, para Gomes (2017), são imagens
Development and evaluation of Pharmacosome formulations of Mefenamic acid
Authors: Gurleen Kaur  , Kirti Negi  , Kapil Kumar  , Deepak Teotia
Published: October 2021

Patience who suffered from menstrual pain disease is generally prescribed the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). Monorrhagia or another blood disorder & some gynecological disorder, which impairs body function and acts as an economic burden. Due to respective use of ACE by oral route, it may cause GI complication such as bleeding, pain, perforation, abdominal pain, and swelling. To decrease the side effect of ACE, it is given by topical route in promotes the safety & efficacy of the ACE. The Mefenamic Acid pharmacosomes were prepared by the hand shaking method technique and evaluated by various methods such as in-vitro release study, % yield, drug entrapment efficiency, pH of the prepared formulation. The prepared system was also characterized by FTIR spectrophotometer to identify the drug-excipients interaction. The maximum entrapment efficiency of pharmacosomes was found to be 90%. The main aim of this study was to develop and characterized a vesicular drug carrier system for topical delivery of Mefenamic Acid to overcome the problem related with oral route.
Influence of discipline and working period on employee performance at PT Yugier Care Indonesia
Authors: Abdul Rahman  , Muhammad Yusuf
Published: October 2021

Human resource management is very important in achieving the company's goals. The growth and development of a business or company will be highly determined and influenced by human resource management including human resource management in it. The research was conducted on employees of PT. Yugier Care Indonesia. The type of data used in research is primary data sourced from respondents' answers to a number of questions related to research variables. Research variables include; disipli (X1), working life (X2) and sales performance (Y). The data collection method used by this research data is a survey method with structured interview techniques. The data analysis techniques used in this study are multiple regeresi analysis, t test (t-test) and F (Anova) test. The results concluded that the two variables (factors) namely discipline (X1) and working period (X2) partially or individually have no influence on sales performance at PT. Yugier Care Indonesia, but simultaneously (together) the two variables have a significant (significant) influence.
Comparative assessment of the anti-diarrhoeal effects of the ethanol leaf and stem extracts of lantana camara in Wistar rats
Authors: Joseph Olanrewaju Oyindamola  , Godwin Christian Akuodor  , Malachy Ifeanyi Obi  , Evelyn Ogochukwu Nwachukwu  , Kingsley Chimsorom Chilaka  , Omo Eric Irinmwinuwa
Published: October 2021

The antidiarrhoeal effects of Lantana camara ethanol leaf and stem extracts were compared in Wistar rats. The phytochemical and acute toxicity tests were also determined. The extracts were evaluated for castor oil- induced diarrhoea and enteropooling as well as intestinal transit in rats. The ethanol stem extract produced significant (P < 0.05), while the ethanol leaf extract produced significant (P < 0.01) dose dependent protection on rats against castor oil induced diarrhoea. The stem extract inhibited intestinal transit time and caused significant (P < 0.05), while leaf extract caused significant (P < 0.01) dose related inhibition of castor oil induced enteropooling in rats, comparable to the standard drugs. The leaf and stem extracts significantly and dose dependently delayed the onset of castor oil induced diarrhoea, decreased the frequency of defecation and reduced the severity of diarrhoea in rats. The ethanol leaf and stem extracts of L. camara significantly and dose dependently decreased the volume of intestinal fluid accumulation in the castor oil induced enteropooling. The distance travelled by charcoal meal in intestinal transit time was also reduced. The oral LD50 values obtained were greater than 5000 mg/kg in rats. These findings suggest that both ethanol leaf and stem extracts of Lantana camara may contain some biologically active ingredients that are active for the treatment of diarrhoea in Nigerian herbal traditional medicine. However, the leaf extract has more antidiarrhoeal activities compared to the stem extract in castor oil-induced diarrhoeal in Wistar rats.
Assessment of patient satisfaction and perception of quality of antenatal care services among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a secondary health care facility in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Authors: Chigozie Joseph Ezeoke  , Onyeka Chukwudalu Ekwebene  , Tyotswam Simeone Yanmeer  , Chioma Favour Ekwebene  , Chigbo Chisom God’swill  , George Uchenna Eleje
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Prenatal care is an important component of maternal care worldwide more so in sub-Saharan Africa. Methodology: This work is a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out among 170 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in health facilities in Ekwulobia, Anambra state. Convenience sampling technique was used in this study. The study instrument was a semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire which was developed according to the objectives of the study. In this study we evaluated patient waiting time, pregnancy outcome, quality of care, attitude of staff and facility neatness as parameters for measuring patient satisfaction, we also evaluated quality of service, attitude of staff, proximity to ANC centre, waiting time and cost as determinants of ANC use. Result: The study showed a demonstration of good knowledge of ANC and its importance in maternal and child health, 65.6% were aware of first trimester has the most appropriate time for ANC booking. A high level of satisfaction was recorded among the participants, 65.6% rated the ANC services as very good and 30.3% rated the service as good. Conclusion: Pregnant women in rural areas in eastern Nigeria receive quality and accessible antenatal care services and majority of the women are satisfied with the quality of service. Efforts to improve maternal and child health status in Eastern Nigeria is yielding fruit especially in rural areas. It is recommended that similar studies studies be conducted in other parts for the country to discover the conditions of ANC use and i effects and compare the factors that influence ANC use
SELANİK ROMANYA KONSOLOSLUĞU VE FAALİYETLERİ (1879-1912)
Authors: GÜVEN Okan , ŞENTÜRK Oğuz
Published: October 2021

Selanik, 1430 senesinde fethedilmesiyle birlikte 1912’ye kadar Osmanlı’nın balkanlardaki önemli merkezleri arasında kendine yer bulmuş ve devamlı olarak büyümüştür. Osmanlıların zamanla, uyguladıkları politikalar dahilinde bir “Osmanlı kenti” siluetine büründürdükleri Selanik, modernleşme rüzgarının da etkisiyle Avrupalı büyük güçlerin temsilciliklerini yolladıkları ve burada bir misyon teşkil ettikleri bir merkez haline gelmiştir. Özellikle bünyesinde barındırdığı ve uluslararası ticarette ziyadesiyle etkili olmasına vesile olan limanı ile Selanik’te diğer birçok Avrupalı siyasî teşekküllerin konsolosluklarının yanı sıra Romanya’nın da bir diplomatik aracısı bulunuyordu. Romanya, Selanik’e ilk kez temsilci gönderen Fransa’yı takip eden devletler arasına katılmış ve bölgedeki çıkarlarını burası üzerinden yönetme telaşesi içerisine girmişti. Söz konusu yönetim aynı zamanda işin içerisine konsolosların girdiği yahut birer aracı olarak konumlandırıldıkları vakit propaganda, istihbarî faaliyetler ve diğer hususlar neredeyse kaçınılmaz bir öge haline geliyordu. O nedenle diplomatik misyonların baş amiri olan konsolosların da uluslararası ilişkileri yürütmekten çok farklı meşgaleleri ilgi alanlarına almış kimseler oldukları görülmekteydi. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı, Selanik’te bulunan Romanya Konsolosunun diplomasinin yürütücü bir aracısı olmasından başka ne gibi faaliyetlerde bulunmuş olduğudur. Araştırmanın esas olarak odak noktasına almış olduğu kısım buradaki Romen konsolosluğunun açılışı, kurumsal değerleri veya varoluş amacı olan diplomatik faaliyetlerinin neler olduğuyla birlikte konsolosluğun ilgilendiği ve dahil olduğu diğer gelişmelerin ortaya konmasıdır.
Pengaruh Online Review Dan Virtual Reality Terhadap Attitude Toward Destination Dan Intention To Visit Destination
Authors: Hartono Stefanus Alvin , Hartini Sri
Published: October 2021

This study aims to validate the effect of online review and application of virtual reality on attitudes towards destinations and canceling intentions to visit destinations. The research approach uses quantitative data and data with survey methods. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling which is part of nonprobability sampling. The research sample is a consumer who is active in online activities and can use a website, with a minimum age of 19 years as many as 160 samples. The analysis technique used is anova analysis and regression. The results showed that online reviews and the application of virtual reality had a positive effect on attitudes towards destinations and intention to visit destinations. Then online positive and negative reviews have a significant effect on attitudes towards destinations and intention to visit destinations. Meanwhile, the application of virtual reality also has a significant effect on attitudes towards destinations and intention to visit destinations. This research also shows that the level attitude towards the purpose of visiting tourism can review and weaken the intention to visit the destination. With these results, the perceived attitude of tourist destinations towards tourism can assess or weaken the intention to visit tourist destinations
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the snowpack of Yamal-Nenetz Autonomous region as indicators of anthropogenic source influence
Authors: Zavgorodnyaya Yu. A. , Popovicheva O. B. , Kobelev V. O. , Starodymova D. P. , Shevchenko V. P. , Kasimov N. S.
Published: October 2021

A study of the content and composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the solid fraction of the snowpack is carried out on the territory of the Yamal-Nenetz Autonomous region, the north of Western Siberia. The total content of ten three-six nucleus PAHs was determined in the 51 samples collected at various distances from oil and gas producers and roads, near settlements, and in remote Arctic areas. The total PAH content varies from the lowest 0.3 ng/mg on the Bely Island, increasing to ~ 5 ng/mg in areas of new gas fields, and up to high 15 ng/mg in cities. Characteristic features of PAHs composition under the influence of gas flares emissions in central areas of high technogenic load are identified; they are a total content of up to 144 ng/mg and enrichment with low- molecular weight PAHs. In remote Arctic regions, high-molecular weight 5–6 nucleus PAHs dominate. Profiles of individual PAHs near gas flares, roads and residential sector facilities have been determined. The percentage contribution of the sum of 3, 4 and 5, 6-nucleus PAHs to the total PAH content indicates the gas flaring impact. Ratios of fluorantene to pyrene and benzene(b)fluorantene to benzene(ghi)perylene indicate changes in the snow PAHs composition with a decrease in the gas flaring contribution. The data obtained for the assessment of gas flaring emission impact on the PAHs composition in the snowpack are relevant to polar areas where new fields are being developed.
Climate change and heat exchange between atmosphere and ocean in the Arctic based on data from the Barents and the Kara sea
Authors: Surkova G. V. , Romanenko V. A.
Published: October 2021

The paper investigates the current regime of turbulent heat exchange with the atmosphere over the Barents and Kara Seas, as well as its spatial, seasonal and temporal variability (1979–2018). It is shown that over the past decades, the areas of the location of the centers of maximum energy exchange between the sea surface and the atmosphere have not changed significantly in comparison with the middle and second half of the XX century. It was revealed that the greatest seasonal and synoptic variability of heat fluxes is typical of the central and western parts of the Barents Sea. It was found that both indicators of variability in the cold season are 2–5 and more times higher than in the warm season, and the spatial heterogeneity of the indicators of variability in winter is about twice as large as in summer. Quantitative estimates have shown that, within the Barents Sea, the spatial variability of fluxes in winter may be 5–10 times or more higher than the summer values. Above the Kara Sea, the greatest heterogeneity in the fluxes field is typical of the autumn and early winter seasons. It has been found that the annual sums of heat fluxes from the surface of the Barents Sea exceed the values for the Kara Sea, on average, 3–4 and 5–6 times, for sensible and latent heat fluxes, respectively, and in some years may differ tens of times. For the period under study, a single trend of the integral fluxes over the water area and their annual magnitude is not expressed, although there are multi-year decadal fluctuations. It is shown that, despite the significant difference in the thermal regime of the Barents and Kara seas and the lower atmosphere above them, the interannual changes in the total turbulent flows are quite well synchronized, which indicates the commonality of large-scale hydrometeorological processes in these seas, which affect the energy exchange between the seas and the atmosphere.
The Effect of Cash Turnover, Account Receivable Turnover and Inventory Turnover on ROA in Mining and Quarrying Sector Companies Listed in IDX From 2017-2019
Authors:   Nusa Putra University, Lismana Heliani , Yulianti Risma ,   Nusa Putra University,   Nusa Putra University, Herdina Vina , Mareta Fitri ,   Nusa Putra University, Purnamasari Indah ,   Nusa Putra University
Published: October 2021

The mining sector is a manufacturing company sector whose activities consist of extracting, processing and exploiting and selling coal, minerals, metals and natural gas. This research was conducted with the aim to determine whether ROA is affected by cash turnover, accounts receivable turnover and inventory turnover using documentation as a data collection and a method of multiple linear regression analysis through SPSS data processing. The population used is the mining and quarrying sector companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017-2019 totaling 43 companies. The purposive sampling method was used in determining the sample which resulted in 33 samples. The research shows that cash turnover, accounts receivable turnover and inventory turnover have no effect on ROA because this is due to a decrease in the amount of production, cash flow constraints due to low turnover of accounts receivable and low sales so that inventory turnover is slow and inventory costs are higher.
The Effect of E-Service Quality and Brand Image Toward Netflix Customer Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Kurniati Haura , Prabumenang Agung Kresnamurti Rivai ,   Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Aditya Shandy ,   Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Published: October 2021

This research aims to determine the effect of e-service quality and brand image on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty towards Netflix’s user. This research uses quantitative method and the data collection use survey method with questionnaires as the instrument. The sample of this research is 200 respondents who live in DKI Jakarta and have used Netflix in the past 6 months. Data were analyzed using software SPSS version 25 and SEM (Structural Equation Model) from Lisrel 8.8 to process and analyze the research data. The result of hypothesis testing shows that e-service quality has significant effect on customer satisfaction, but not on customer loyalty. However, e-service quality has significant effect on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. The result also found that brand image has significant effect on both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. And customer satisfaction has the most influence on customer loyalty
Cómo llevar a cabo revisiones bibliográficas sistematizadas
Authors: Codina Lluís
Published: October 2021

El documento que el lector tiene en sus manos tiene como público destinatario a jóvenes investigadores que están empezando a planificar la investigación de su tesis doctoral. El objetivo es proveerle de una información de base sobre revisiones bibliográficas y el uso de bases de datos académicas. Para facilitar su uso, se ha organizado como un sistema de preguntas y respuestas. En este documento se defiende que todas las revisiones bibliográficas deberían ser sistematizadas, sobre todo en el caso de las tesis doctorales, pero dado el peso que aún tienen las revisiones tradicionales, se presenta una comparativa de ambas para que el lector sitúe mejor la cuestión. Por último, corresponde señalar que una parte importante de este trabajo se dedica a explicar las bases del funcionamiento de las bases de datos académicas, porque el uso de las mismas aporta el primer grado de sistematización, y posiblemente el más importante, en el caso de la revisión bibliográfica destinada a una tesis doctoral.
HAK MASYARAKAT ATAS KESEHATAN DAN COVID-19
Authors: Aljannati Diena Zabilla Chrisna
Published: October 2021

Seluruh masyarakat dunia sepakat bahwa hak atas kesehatan merupakan hak dasar (Fundamental Right) yang dimiliki oleh setiap manusia. Hak atas kesehatan yang sebelumnya dipandang hanya sekedar urusan pribadi terkait dengan nasib atau karunia Tuhan, kini telah mengalami pergeseran paradigma yang sangat besar menjadi suatu hak hukum (legal rights) yang tentunya dijamin oleh negara. Di tengah pandemi Covid-19 yang telah menyebar hampir ke seluruh wilayah Indonesia, Pemerintah harus sigap mengeluarkan berbagai kebijakan strategis agar dapat menjalankan kewajibannya untuk senantiasa menjamin terpenuhinya hak atas kesehatan bagi seluruh masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Pemerintah terlalu lamban mengambil tindakan antisipatif maupun mitigasi dalam menanggulangi pandemi corona. Pada akhirnya Pemerintah menetapkan status Darurat Kesehatan Masyarakat dan memilih Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar sebagai opsi untuk merespons Kedaruratan Kesehatan Masyarakat, di samping Pemerintah juga tetap harus memperhatikan sektor ekonomi dan fiskal sesuai kondisi dan kemampuan negara. Kata Kunci: Covid-19, Kesehatan, Masyarakat
Upaya Pemenuhan Vaksin Covid-19 Untuk Memutus Rantai Penyebaran Covid-19
Authors: Ma'ruf Sulton Ali
Published: October 2021

Tahun 2019 akhir, dunia digemparkan dengan kemunculan virus Corona Virus Disease 2019. Virus ini berasal dari kota Wuhan Provinsi Hubei, China. Perkembangan virus ini tergolong sangat cepat, oleh karena itu World Health Organisation (WHO) menyatakan Covid-19 sebagai pandemi global pada tanggal 11 Maret 2020. Penyebaran virus ini melalui udara atau droplet yang dihasilkan saat batuk ataupun saat bersin. Untuk mempercepat penanggulangan pandemi Covid-19, strategi yang dilakukan adalah pemberian vaksin untuk memberikan imun kepada setiap warga Negara. Pemberian vaksin ini adalah upaya Negara dalam melindungi hak atas kesehatan bagi setiap warga Negara di masa pandemic. Namun masih banyak masyarakat diindonesia yang menolak untuk diberikan vaksinasi Covid-19 karena beredarnya berita HOAX tentang vaksinasi Covid-19 yang menyebabkan masyarakat takut dan ragu untuk dilakukan vaksinasi karena masyarakat beranggapan bahwa vaksinasi Covid-19 itu berbahaya dan dapat menimbulkan kematian. Namun masyarakat Indonesia harus sadar bahwa vaksin Covid-19 sangat penting.
Data protection-compliant broad consent for secondary use of health care data and human biosamples for (bio)medical research: towards a new German national standard
Authors: Zenker Sven , Strech Daniel , Ihrig Kristina , Jahns Roland , Müller Gabriele , Schickhardt Christoph , Schmidt Georg , Speer Ronald , Winkler Eva , von Kielmansegg Sebastian Graf , Drepper Johannes
Published: October 2021

Background: The secondary use of deidentified but not anonymized patient data is a promising approach for enabling precision medicine and learning health care systems. In most national jurisdictions (e.g., in Europe and North America), this type of secondary use requires patient consent. While various ethical, legal, and technical analyses have stressed the opportunities and challenges for different types of consent over the past decade, no country has yet established a national consent standard accepted by the relevant authorities.Methods: A working group of the national Medical Informatics Initiative in Germany conducted a requirements analysis and developed a GDPR-compliant broad consent standard involving all relevant stakeholder groups and authorities.Results: This paper presents the broad consent text together with a guidance document on mandatory safeguards for broad consent implementation. The mandatory safeguards comprise i) independent review of individual research projects, ii) organizational measures to protect patients from involuntary disclosure of protected information, and iii) comprehensive information for patients and public transparency. This paper further describes the key issues discussed with the relevant authorities, especially the position on additional or alternative consent approaches such as dynamic consent.Discussion: Both the resulting broad consent text and the national consensus process are relevant for similar activities internationally. A key challenge of aligning consent documents with the various stakeholders was explaining and justifying the decision to use broad consent and the decision against using alternative models such as dynamic consent. Public transparency for all secondary use projects and their results emerged as a key factor in this justification. While currently largely limited to academic medicine in Germany, the first steps for extending this broad consent approach to wider areas of application, including smaller institutions and medical practices, are currently under consideration.
Pelarian masalah remaja pada alkohol
Authors: Kurniawati Ferika
Published: October 2021

Permasalahan pada remaja kerap kali membuat remaja tersebut frustasi dan akhirnya melampiaskannya ke minuman alkohol. Permasalahan ini faktornya dari faktor keluarga, seperti : perceraian orang tua, faktor teman, dan faktor lingkungan yang buruk.Remaja tidak seharusnya minum alkohol karena kita adalah penerus bangsa.
Hak Dan Kewajiban Manusia Dalam Mengurangi Pengaruh Begadang Bagi Kesehatan Manusia
Authors: BILI IMELDA LAMBERTINI
Published: October 2021

AbstrakBegadang adalah suatu kebiasaan terjaga sampai larut malam dan tidur saat pagi datang.Orang yang sering begadang memiliki lebih besar risiko kesehatan yang buruk.Kebanyakan orang melakukan begadang karena mengerjakan pekerjaan saat malam,tetapi karena sering dilakukan tanpa disadari kegiatan saat begadang pun sudah tidak terlalu penting dan menjadi kebiasaan yang buruk yang dapat menimbulkan penyakit.Menurut Mahendra di dalam buku ‘Tubuh Anda Cerminan Kesehatan Anda (2010)’,“Begadang dapat memicu timbulnya berbagai penyakit dan menyebabkan rusaknya sistem imun tubuh.Apabila tidak beristirahat,organ-organ tidak dapat melakukan fungsinya dengan optimal.Hal ini akan menimbulkan masalah atau penyakit yang dapat menyerang tubuh.Hal ini membuktikan bahwa sebenarnya begadang bukan lah kebiasaan yang bagus jika dipaksakan untuk dilakukan saat tubuh sedang kelelahan.Sedangkan dampak begadang menurut Handoyo dalam buku ‘Aplikasi Olah Nafas (2005, h.30)’,“Begadang dapat menguras tenaga yang membuat tubuh menjadi lemah.Saat lelah tubuh akan lebih terasa lebih mudah cepat pegal dan tubuh ingin cepat cepat beristirahat kembali.Maka dari itu rasa lelah inilah yang akan membuat sulit berkonsentrasi,dengan kata lain tidak hanya menyerang fisik,begadang juga dapat menyerang psikis.Untuk itu pintar-pintarlah dalam mengatur pola tidur.
Identification of Prehistoric Park Leang-leang for the Historical Tourism Destination as Maros Promotion
Authors: Wekke Ismail Suardi , Makbul M , Rais Amen , Makmur Zulkfli , Sirojjuddin Sirojjuddin
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to analysis tourist attractions in Maros Regency, namely the Leang-leang prehistoric site related to the conditions, facilities, and infrastructure, as well as obstacles and challenges in their development. In addition, to be able to know the facts that have been raised by the researcher. It is undeniable that when conducting a research, there are always obstacles and problems faced by the researcher. This research applied qualitative research design to minimize these things from happening. At least using qualitative research methods, researchers are able to accept the image of the reality to be studied. It also makes it easier to choose variables & helps in making theories. This article shows that there are many potentials activities and possibilities to be developed in Leang-leang. Furthermore, the development will not put a side of the society. Finally, this article concludes that through the communication, and environmental conservation, tourism activities will be expanded without leaving the community interest.
Covid-19 as natural intervention: Guilt and perceived historical privilege contributes to structural reform under conditions of crisis
Authors: Fourie Melike M , Verwoerd Wilhelm
Published: October 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has been described as an unmasking of persistent racialized inequalities linked to South Africa’s oppressive past. However, such observations lack empirical support. Here we examined whether Covid-19 lockdown conditions encouraged greater perceptions of continuing structural racism together with motivational and behavioral support for social justice, and whether guilt or empathic concern undergirded such responses. A national sample of White South Africans’ data suggest that the pandemic served as a natural intervention, fostering greater acknowledgment of structural racism and support for redress through increased awareness of historical privilege and guilt in response to Black hardship. Guilt furthermore predicted a social justice motivation in relief efforts, whereas empathic concern predicted only charity motivation. These results suggest that ‘White guilt’ is more consequential than empathic concern in contributing to structural reform, but would require longer-term processes to support the translation of its motivational push into sustainable contributions to social justice.
How are Moral Foundations Associated with Empathic Traits and Moral Identity?
Authors: Dawson Kelsie J , Han Hyemin , Choi YeEun
Published: October 2021

We examined the relationship between moral foundations, empathic traits, and moral identity using an online survey via Mechanical Turk. In order to determine how moral foundations contribute to empathic traits and moral identity, we performed classical correlation analysis as well as Bayesian correlation analysis, Bayesian ANCOVA, and Bayesian regression analysis. Results showed that individualizing foundations (harm/care, fairness/reciprocity) and binding foundations (ingroup/loyalty, authority/respect, purity/sanctity) had various different relationships with empathic traits. In addition, the individualizing versus binding foundations showed somewhat reverse relationships with internalization and symbolization of moral identity. This suggests that moral foundations can contribute to further understanding of empathic traits and moral identity and how they relate to moral behavior in reality. We discuss the implications of these results for moral educators when starting to teach students about moral issues.
A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis of the construction of people of colour (POC) as criminals in UK and US print media following the Black Lives Matter protests of May 2020
Authors: Hammond Courtney , Ncube Mvikeli , Fido Dean
Published: October 2021

Around 2,000 ‘thugs’ were present and over 150 arrested were made in London boroughs during far-right protests to counteract the Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests, but how accurately was this portrayed in the news? This study used publicly available data in the form of newspapers and blog posts of the BLM protests to conduct a Foucauldian Discourse analysis of 25 articles. How authors used language is explored to conceptualise and construct the depiction of POC as more violent and prone to adopting aggressive means to resist social inequalities. Our findings indicated there is an inherent belief that ethnic minorities possess a predisposition to criminality. The examination of rhetorical constructions in the reviewed articles indicated practical implications, including the potential to highlight issues with the emergence of ‘fake news,’ but hopes to influence policy evaluations on the quality and truth of stories produced in UK and US print media.
Sharing money with humans versus computers: On Honesty-Humility and (non-)social preferences
Authors: Nielsen Yngwie Asbjørn , Thielmann Isabel , Zettler Ingo , Pfattheicher Stefan
Published: October 2021

Does giving behavior in economic games reflect true prosocial preferences or is it due to confusion? Research showing that trait Honesty-Humility accounts for giving behavior suggests the former, whereas research showing that participants give money to a computer might suggest the latter. In three preregistered, well-powered studies, we examined the relation of Honesty-Humility with behavior in the Dictator Game (Study 1, N = 468) and Public Goods Game (Studies 2 and 3, each N = 313), while participants interacted either with humans (“social game”) or with a computer (“non-social game”). We found that (1) decisions in the non-social game predicted decisions in the social game, supporting the confusion hypothesis; (2) the effect of Honesty-Humility differed within and between games; and (3) participants who gave money to the computer reported acting as if they were playing with humans. Overall, the studies suggest that both prosocial preferences and confusion underlie giving behavior.
Minority Stress as a Multidimensional Predictor of LGB+ Adolescents’ Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Weeks Sean N , Renshaw Tyler L , Vinal Stephanie A.
Published: October 2021

The minority stress model has been used to explain added daily stressors that non-heterosexual (LGB+) individuals experience. While the emphasis of minority stress research is frequently broad (global minority stress) or narrow (specific stressors) in focus, the literature often refers to specific stressors at the domain level as either distal (external) or proximal (internal). This study found that, compared with broad and narrow levels, a domain level approach may be best for understanding the predictive value of minority stress. Multiple regression analyses with a sample of 152 LGB+ adolescents found that distal stress predicted substance misuse (p < .001) and suicidality (p = .002) and was a stronger predicter than proximal stress for psychological inflexibility. This study might contribute to an evidence base that could guide measurement approaches for assessing minority stress and using related results to inform the prediction of—and, ultimately, intervention with—LGB+ adolescents’ mental health outcomes.
What can we experience and report on a rapidly presented image? Intersubjective measures of specificity of freely reported contents of consciousness
Authors: Chuyin Zhang , Koh Zhao Hui , Gallagher Regan , Nishimoto Shinji , Tsuchiya Naotsugu
Published: October 2021

Previous studies have established a view that human observers can only perceive coarse information from a natural scene image when it is presented rapidly (<100ms, masked). In these studies, participants were often forced to choose an answer from options that experimenters preselected. These options can underestimate what participants experience and can report on it. Here, we used a novel free-report paradigm to examine what people can freely report following a rapidly presented natural scene image (67/133/267ms, masked). N = 670 online participants typed up to five words to report what they saw in the image together with confidence of the respective responses. We developed a novel index, Intersubjective Agreement (IA). IA quantifies how specifically the response words were used to describe the target image, with a high value meaning the word is not often reported for other images. IA eliminates the need for experimenters to preselect response options. With IA, unlike commonly believed, we demonstrated that participants reported highly specific and detailed aspects of the briefly (even at 67ms, masked) shown image. Further, IA is positively correlated with confidence, indicating metacognitive conscious access to the reported aspects of the image. These new findings challenge the dominant view that the content of rapid scene experience is limited to global and coarse gist. Our novel paradigm opens a door to investigate various contents of consciousness with a free-report paradigm.
Dark and Light triad: relationship between personality traits and addiction to mobile phones, video games and internet
Authors: Mejía-Suazo Claudio José , Landa-Blanco Miguel , Mejía-Suazo Gliver Aarón , Martínez Carlos Aníbal Martínez
Published: October 2021

The present study analyzed the effects of Light and Dark Triad traits scores on Internet Gaming Disorder, intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts related to internet consumption, conflicts, and communicational emotional usage related to mobile phones. Light Triad traits include Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism. Dark Triad traits include Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy. The study used a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design. The sample consisted of 450 adults of the Honduran population, of which 55.33% were women, and 44.67% were men, with an average mean age of 25.52 years (SD=6.79). Results indicate that Machiavellianism and Psychopathy scores have significant effects over Internet Gaming Disorder scores. Intrapersonal conflicts related to internet consumption were negatively affected by Narcissism scores and positively affected by Machiavellianism. Psychopathy scores explained interpersonal conflicts related to internet consumption scores. On the other hand, conflicts related to mobile phone usage were negatively affected by Narcissism and Kantianism, while Machiavellianism had positive effects. Finally, communicational emotional usage related to mobile phones was significantly affected by Machiavellianism. These results are discussed according to their implications for the behavioral sciences.
Experiences of age-related declining navigation abilities and impact on use of outdoor environments: A qualitative study of older adults with self-reported memory difficulties
Authors: Heward Michelle , Hicks Ben , Hedges Brooke , Gaden Rebecca , Wiener Jan
Published: October 2021

Laboratory-based experiments show ageing negatively impacts navigation abilities, yet a paucity of research explores lived experience. This exploratory study examined older people with self-reported memory difficulties experiences of declining navigation abilities during sixteen semi-structured telephone interviews. Findings reveal: (i) ‘Behavioural drivers’ that underpinned the participants’ experiences and actions when engaging with their environments (ii) ‘Avoidance’ and (iii) ‘Active’ strategies that were adopted by the participants. Declining cognitive function appeared to have a negative impact on participants perceived abilities and confidence to navigate unfamiliar outdoor environments, which in turn influenced the strategies they chose to adopt. Future psychosocial interventions should draw on neuropsychological theory to ensure retention of navigation skills and confidence for as long as possible.
Effect of Choice Bracketing on Risk Aggregation in Repeated-Play Gambles With no Feedback
Authors: Dekel Shir , Goldwater Micah , Lovallo Dan , Burns Bruce
Published: October 2021

Aggregating the risk of a series of decisions reduces the overall risk compared to when each decision is considered individually—the logic behind diversified investment strategies. Most experimental research on a series of risky decisions provides participants with immediate feedback for each individual choice before presenting the subsequent gamble—a task-structure that inhibits the possibility of risk aggregation. In real-life business decisions, feedback is usually not seen until a significant delay with many more business decisions made in the interim. This decision-making sequence has the potential for systematic risk aggregation. However, it is unclear how people determine what decisions cluster together such that those decisions’ risks become aggregated. In the current work, we presented experimental participants a series of scenarios describing potential investments and investigated multiple ways to support clustering or bracketing choices together. We found that showing a distribution of outcome probabilities without inter-trial feedback reduced risk aversion. Further, we found mixed evidence for an effect of similarity of projects, and found only minimal evidence that viewing projects together and awareness of the number of projects encourages aggregation. These results suggest that risk aggregation is hard to facilitate, at least in laypeople, without first aggregating the options for them.
Leaping across the mental canyon: Higher-order long-distance analogical retrieval
Authors: Dekel Shir , Burns Bruce , Goldwater Micah
Published: October 2021

Previous experiments have shown that a comparison of two written narratives highlights their shared relational structure, which in turn facilitates the retrieval of analogous narratives from the past (e.g., Gentner, Loewenstein, Thompson, & Forbus, 2009). However, analogical retrieval occurs across domains that appear more conceptually distant than merely different narratives, and the deepest analogies use matches in higher-order relational structure. The present study investigated whether schema abstraction can facilitate analogical retrieval of higher-order relations across written narratives and abstract symbolic problems. Participants read stories which became retrieval targets after a delay, cued by either analogous stories or letter-strings. In Experiment 1 we replicated Gentner et al. who used narrative retrieval cues, and found preliminary evidence for retrieval between narrative and symbolic domains. In Experiment 2 we found clear evidence that a comparison of analogous letter-string problems and explanation of the underlying principle facilitated the retrieval of source stories with analogous higher-order relations. Experiment 3 replicated the retrieval results of Experiment 2 but with a longer delay between encoding and recall, and a greater number of distractor source stories. These experiments offer support for the relational schema abstraction account of analogical retrieval (Gentner et al., 2009) and show that the schemas abstracted from comparison of narratives can be transferred to non-semantic symbolic domains.
I remember it now, so I'll remember it later: Working Memory Representations Guide Inaccurate Predictions of Future Memory Performance
Authors: Krasnoff Julia , Souza Alessandra S.
Published: October 2021

Making accurate predictions of future memory performance (Judgements of Learning; JOLs) is a prerequisite for efficient learning. Since decades, those JOLs are assumed to be made inferentially, based on cues. This cue-utilization approach substituted the idea that JOLs are directly linked to memory quality. We criticize the reasons for the rejection of this memory-strength hypothesis because they ignore the existence of two different memory systems: working memory which holds representations immediately accessible, and long-term memory which is a more permanent store. Considering both memory systems, the current work revisited the memory-strength hypothesis: In Experiment 1, participants memorized sequences of two or four colored objects, then they provided JOLs for a long-term memory test, and performed a working memory test on the objects’ colors. After learning 200 objects, the long-term memory test on all studied objects followed. Sequence-length affected working memory, but not long-term memory performance. JOLs, however, were higher for sequences of two than four and correlated higher with working memory than long-term memory performance. Experiment 2 replicated the sequence-length effect on JOLs in the absence of a working memory test. Results of a sequence-eight condition revealed an increase in JOLs’ accuracy when the number of studied objects exceeded working memory span. Contrary to predominant theories, our findings suggest that JOLs are based on the quality of memory representations.