bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sublime Theology of the Decline of the Soviet Empire. Akat K. Belykh
Authors: Sokolov E. G.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Socio-political disciplines are an important component of the Humanities of the Soviet period of Russian history. Scientific communism, introduced as a compulsory subject in all Higher education institutions of the USSR in the last 30 years of the state's existence, was considered as the final expression of all the theoretical propositions of Marxism-Leninism. The article attempts to consider Scientific communism as a speculative speculative construction that, on the one hand, reproduces the terminological, logical, semantic and operational regulations of classical philosophical systems, and on the other hand, is a privileged mechanism of discursive production. As a typical example of how and through what tools the doctrine is legitimized, the texts of the work of A. K. Belykh, who for almost 30 years headed the Department of the theory of scientific communism at the faculty of philosophy of LSU (now SPBU).

Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the work is based on a philosophical analysis of texts representative of the epoch (D. de Tracy, grammar of Port Royal, Soviet Russian philosophers who worked in the Marxist-Leninist tradition, monographs by A. K. Belykh), included in the approved canonical corpus of Marxism-Leninism.

Results and discussion. Scientific communism, now virtually removed from historical memory, was an interesting example of how social thought evolved during the Soviet period of Russian history. The corpus of socio-political disciplines, which included Marxist-Leninist philosophy (dialectical materialism and historical materialism), political economy, history of the Communist party of the Soviet Union, and scientific communism, was a single complex of speculative doctrine. All these disciplines, positioned as scientific knowledge, can be fully evaluated only in the context of the main trends in the development of social and philosophical knowledge of the New time, set by the Enlightenment era. Symbolic points of reference here can be considered projects of ”universal grammar” (Port Royal) and ”ideology” (Destute de Tracy).

Conclusion. Scientific communism is not an accidental, but characteristic of Russian thought, intellectual construct. Collective, i. e. a large number of people are involved in its implementation, which means it can be considered as a well-formed direction of social thought. Among the historical analogs that use the same strategic and tactical Arsenal of means of expression and discursive fixation, it can be compared and likened to the wellknown speculative constructs of a theological nature: high scholasticism.
Iconicity and Deconstruction: the Prose by Vladimir Nabokov and the 20th  Century Post-Modernist Philosophy
Authors: Shcherbak N. F.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. This research aims at analyzing the novel by Vladimir Nabokov Transparent Things (1972) from the perspective of post-modernist philosophy. By post-modernist philosophy I mean the post-structural view of the sign theory, that focuses on iconicity, symbolic and iconic nature of the sign, the сoncept of deconstruction, the concept of rhizome, the concept of silence, the concept of différance (as stated by Derrida), the concept of difference and repetition introduced by G. Deleuze. This philosophy is linked to a more general view expressed, for instance, by Derrida (in his work the Gift of Death (Donner la mort)). The main innovative element of this research, therefore, is to study the prose by Nabokov as an example of post-modernist writing simultaneously applying the views and concepts introduced by cognitive linguistics, literary critics and post-modern writers like J. Derrida, U. Eco, R. Barthes.

Methodology and sources. The research method used is semantic and structural analysis of the novel by Nabokov Transparent Things. Its main tool is the use of ideas introduced by French poststructuralists regarding the theory of sign, the symbolic nature of language, study of multiple meanings generated by a word in the process of its use and decoding.

Results and discussion. The results of this research allow to outline main tendencies in the development of the 20th century narrative. It adheres to the general law of multi-level structure of the novel, play of words and sounds, which corresponds to the general view of difference (as coined by Derrida), deconstruction, rhizome, iconicity of sign. The rhizomorphic structure of the novel at the same time is mirror-like, which allows to apply the difference-repetition dichotomy put forward by G. Deleuze. If the micro-structure of Nabokov’s texts allows to make generalization about the author’s use of language, its macro-structure reveals deeper philosophical notions, implying that the death of the character in the novel leads to the study of the transcendental, or ”the Other” in psychoanalytical terms, thus putting the plot on a different scale of values. The view of language and its structure in its relation to the notion of transparency, allows to see the sign in a Heideggerian way, as bearing the replica of the world, having more in itself about the world, than anything else.

Conclusion. The novel Transparent Things by Nabokov falls into the category of similar novels in which the author develops symbolic language and explores its potential, following the general pattern and establishing the rules of narrative construction in postmodern tradition.
The Culture of ”Crossroads”: the Emergency of Blues as a Countercultural Declaration
Authors: Zamotin M. P.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Apart from classical academic musicology, sociology, social anthropology and related disciplines such as sociolinguistics, philology, and cultural studies contributed to the development of research of music and its role in social, interpersonal relations, and individual experiences. The aim of this research is to investigate musical and singing traditions within the context of social relations, historical challenges, and sub-cultures by sociological and social anthropological approaches. In the last decades these research is of relevance for scholars interested in creativity and creative individuals whose impact effect is ambient in current social and political processes. The main tradition can be approached as a socio-cultural phenomenon emerging in the form of sub-culture.

Methodology and sources. Methodological b ackground o f t his r esearch i s o f s tructuralfunctional character. Within this framework art and creativity can be approached by various sets of research techniques. Culture of music can be studies both as an object and as a text; hence, textual and contextual approaches are of significance. In result, we can discover reasons motivating people to influence social relations and preconceptions within certain groups and societies. This approach allows the analysis the connections between individual and collective perceptions of people regarding their identities and place in a society. Finally, not only music shapes the context of sociolultural phenomena, but it is the context itself per se. For this paper I used texts and bibliographic data of singers such as follows: Son House, Robert Johnson, Skip James, William Samuel McTell, Edward W. Clayborn.

Results and discussion. The analysis of social history of blues in the end of the nineteenth and in the beginning of the twentieth centuries as well as biographies of bluesmen along with the texts of their songs clearly demonstrates poetic motifs, individual and social reflections of different communities. The images such as love and flirt, manqué love, rest from hard work, roads, railways, trains, abandoned home with simultaneous lack of home, prison, illness, death and cemetery as well as the demonstration of all the listed images by socially oriented creativity in music, represents deep forms of marginality of those who sing it out in front of respected citizens living normal lives.

Conclusion. The material scrutinized in this paper clearly shoes that blues as a genre of music along with bluesmen who are representatives of a certain sub-culture, constitute a coherent social system which can be characterized a s a c ounter-culture. This social and cultural phenomenon in a way we encounter it derived from marginal status of its representatives. This marginal status becomes visible in blues as emotion and soulreflection to a large degree contradictory to the idea of respectable citizens and so-called “right way of life”.
Internet Debates: Generations X, Y and Z
Authors: Elagin G. B. , Mikirtumov I. B.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The theory of generations by Neil Howe and William Strauss has become an integral part of “folk sociology” today, so that everyone somehow asks the question of which generational group he / she belongs to and what behavior is expected of him / her, in particular, in network communications. The behavior of representatives of different generational groups in network disputes based on self-identification remains no sufficiently investigated. In this article we present the results of an argumentative and pragmatic analysis of the specifics of the argumentation of representatives of generations X (born in the p eriod f rom 1 967 to 1981), Y ( born f rom 1 982 t o 2 003) and Z ( born a fter 2004), who fell into an uncomfortable situation of a network dispute.

Methodology and sources. The research is of a qualitative nature and its task is to formulate well-grounded assumptions about the connections of generational groups with certain argumentative means, among which are rhetorical techniques, sociolect, speech actions. The material of the study was comments on entries in thematic groups, discussions in chats and on the ”walls” of social networks (”VKontakte”, ”Facebook”, ”Instagram”), as well as some other sources (”Avito”, ”Twitter”, ”Snob.ru”). The selection of material is focused on finding the typical. The research focuses on uncomfortable for the participants moments of disputes, understood as situations that are most prompting for an identifying self-presentation.

Results and discussion. The materials studied make it possible to formulate the following assumptions. First, representatives of generations X, Y and Z use different techniques in difficult situations of network disputes. X apply the classic ”argument to age”. Y use the sociolect of trust and immediacy to shift the focus of the dispute, while in other cases they resort to a sociolect that contains a morally binding component. For Y a network dispute engenders a minimum of commitment and easily turns into a rhetorical skill competition. Z view network disputes as a platform for resolving negative affects. In an uncomfortable situation they use the techniques of verbal aggression, shifting the focus of the dispute to the justification of this very action. All three groups act in anticipation of the support of a sympathetic audience. The described types of behavior identify the representative of the generational group as for other participants in communication.

Conclusion. The features of generational groups, which are indicated by sociological data, convincingly explain the strategy of behavior of their representatives in difficult situations of network disputes. But it should be borne in mind that such strategies themselves and the argumentative and linguistic means suggested by them become patterns of generational identity. The socio-cultural dynamics of generations is therefore also associated with how these patterns will change in connection with changes in the network communication environment.
Social Behavior of the City Government and Citizens of the Metropolis during a Pandemic (for Example St Petersburg)
Authors: Eliseev S. M. , Glukhikh V. A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The coronavirus has become a serious test for national and regional power and management systems. Many systems have demonstrated their effectiveness and flexibility, competence and coherence. But there were also cases when erroneous decisions were made at the regional and even national levels. The purpose of this article is to determine the main trends in changes in the social behavior of the city government and citizens of St Petersburg in the context of the coronavirus pandemic.

Methodology and sources. The article is based on classical and modern theories of urban sociology, sociology of the formation and functioning of public spaces and public life in a modern city, data from urban statistics on COVID incidence and empirical observations.

Results and discussion. From the very beginning, the city government of Saint Petersburg became the center of coordination and mobilization of all city resources to overcome the pandemic. However, it is not always possible to manage the available resources correctly and effectively. One of the reasons for the inefficient use of available resources was that the government did not define a strategy to combat the coronavirus pandemic from the very beginning. Decisions were made situationally, sometimes inconsistently. It is worth noting that, despite the restrictions imposed, the social behavior patterns of a significant part of citizens have not changed significantly, but have only been transformed into hybrid social practices.

Conclusion. The study described the existing normative and hybrid models of social behavior of the government and citizens in the public space of the city in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, identified the most affected types of social relations (local-local) and local spaces (trade, entertainment, etc.) in which new social norms are most often violated.
Portrait of a Russian Homeschooler’s Family: Results of an Online Poll
Authors: Yashina M. N.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The practice of obtaining family education has become a fashionable trend in our country in recent years. Despite the growing popularity among the population, we have not yet received enough scientific understanding of this form of training. The purpose of the article is to describe the social portrait of families who have chosen a family form of education for a child. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the empirical data presented in it, which have a dynamic nature of observing the studied object.

Methodology and sources. The methodological basis for the study was the conflict approach and the principles of a radical humanistic approach to education in the interpretation of I. Illich. The empirical basis of the study is the results of three surveys of parents o f c hildren f rom 6 t o 1 8 y ears o ld w ho are o n f amily e ducation. S urveys w ere implemented from 2016 to 2020, according to the same methodology and tools. To collect data, a questionnaire for an online survey was developed, which was distributed on social networks, mainly in VKontakte communities dedicated to family education. The total data set includes 443 respondents.

Results and discussion. According to surveys, children in family education grow up in full families, where the parent's ode has a high level of education, the mother, as a rule, does not work or has the possibility of a free schedule and is a teacher for the child. The main source of income in the family is the father. The total income of the family, which averages from 40 to 60 thousand rubles per month. In the family, most often two children, one of whom is in family education. Family education is mainly provided with primary school children.

Conclusion. The peculiarity of studying family education not only in our country, but also in the world is the lack of accurate statistics on the number of children of homeschoolers. In this regard, only non-random samples are possible in the implementation. The portrait of Russian homeschoolers differs from American ones, in particular in the level at which family education is implemented, the place of residence of families, and their income.
Cancer Narratives in Instagram: Self-presentation of Cancer Patients
Authors: Silantieva V. G. , Kozhokina A. V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The paper aims to establish whether cancer discourse can alter when being communicated via social networks. We supposed that every platform has intrinsic characteristics which might affect the way certain topics are being delivered. Because there has been much criticism from the cancer community about the media representation, we decided to observe what might be called an alternative discourse of cancer of social networks. Therefore, we chose to review Instagram accounts of two cancer influencers, who aspire to revise existing stereotypes about people with an incurable disease.

Methodology and sources. The chosen methodology includes the statistical concordance analysis, Metaphorical Identification Procedure (MIP), structural semantic and syntactic studies of two narratives organized as a minicorpus. The combined approach was employed to reveal lexical markers of both cancer discourse and Instagram narratives in the narratives of two Insta influencers Nicky Newman and Laura Hughes.

Results and discussion. The results of the study suggest that Instagram narratives of cancer patients differ from other texts about cancer. Bloggers strive to maintain constant simultaneous communication with a large number of people; therefore, their texts are designed to be entertaining, involving and diverse in subject matter. When narrating about their life with the cancer diagnosis, bloggers broadcast a positive media image of a happygo-lucky person. In the narratives chosen for this study, there is hardly an example of the CANCER-WAR metaphor. The main ways of conceptualizing cancer are the CANCERCONSPIRACY, CANCER-JOURNEY, CANCER-COHABITANT metaphors.

Conclusion. Quantitative analysis of the English language corpus aimed at identifying key words and concordances of the lexeme ”cancer”, does not help fully define the cancer discourse. It is necessary to further research into the obtained data. Consequently, it is necessary to take into account the genre of ”cancer” narratives.
Como Mulheres Submetidas à Quimioterapia Antineoplásica Percebem a Assistência de Enfermagem
Authors: Salimena Anna Maria de Oliveira , Martins Bruna Rios , Melo Maria Carmen Simões Cardoso de , Bara Vânia Maria Freitas
Published: January 2021

Com o objetivo de conhecer como mulheres submetidas à quimioterapia antineoplásica percebem a assistência de enfermagem, desenvolveu-se esta investigação, tendo a fenomenologia como método. Foram depoentes 20 mulheres que estavam em sessões de quimioterapia, através de entrevistas abertas realizadas em Dezembro de 2008 e Janeiro de 2009. O cenário foi um hospital oncológico, sediado em Juiz de Fora (MG), que presta assistência à clientela desse município e regiões vizinhas. A análise compreensiva desvelou as Unidades de Significado: percebendo a assistência de enfermagem; influência das atitudes da enfermagem no tratamento; expectativa de atendimento da enfermagem. O modo como as mulheres referiram perceber o cuidado prestado pela enfermagem ultrapassa as dimensões dos procedimentos técnicos e privilegia o estabelecimento de uma relação de ajuda no enfrentamento dessa doença grave, que lhes despertam dúvidas, medos e emoções diversas, além da terapêutica que pode acarretar reações inesperadas. Necessitam que, no cotidiano assistencial, os profissionais transponham os limites de fornecer informações efetivas e coerentes, acerca dos objetivos e efeitos do tratamento, oferecendo ainda suporte emocional. A percepção sensível das clientes revelou, também, que se deve ter atenção com a maneira como os membros da equipe expressam suas próprias emoções e sentimentos, sendo claramente manifesto que este aspecto pode se refletir na continuidade e na frequência ao tratamento. Ao considerar as necessidades advindas da diversidade das dimensões comprometidas, decorrentes da doença e da terapêutica, abrem-se possibilidades de conduzir um cuidar humanizado, direcionado ao ser dessa mulher, em sua singularidade.
Risk Analysis of Toll Road Accident Using Fmea and Ahp Methods
Authors: Haryanto Edelweis Gent , Latifa Eva Azhra
Published: January 2021

Road accidents are one of the leading causes of death in the world. It is not only the victims that killed or seriously injured, but accidents significantly affected the quality of life of the people as well as economic and social development in the country. However, the threat of road accidents has not been fully recognized, and has not been well studied even though it is one of the most frequent causes of human death and loss of property. This research was conducted to determine the causes of accidents on the toll road with the FMEA method (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) which is divided into 3 factors: human factors, vehicle factors, and road factors. After that, determining the alternative solutions for dealing with accidents on toll roads using the Analytical Hierarchy Process based on 3 criteria: cost, time and impact. The results showed that based on FMEA analysis, the highest risk factors were found to be human factors caused by negligence. Based on risk factors due to negligence, the results of AHP analysis are: the impact criteria as the main criteria with a weight value of 0.77, and the chosen alternative solution is the fulfillment of functional feasibility with global weight 0.42. Fulfillment of functional feasibility can be done by adding road equipment such as traffic signs and rumble stripe markers.
Performance of Embeded of Precast Beam Type Wet and Dry Joint at Maximum Moment
Authors: Hermawan A. Rudi , Mulya Eka Sasmita
Published: January 2021

Research of perform of embedded precast beam was result many data (a) average tensile strength of joint between plate embedeed with plate joint was 628,55 Mpa (b)average tensile strength of joint between plate with reinforce bar D12,59 was 597,16 Mpa for tensile strength of plate with failure at reinforce bar (c) average tensile strength of reinforce bar D12,59 was 605,23 Mpa and yield strength was 425,87 Mpa (d)average tensile strength of plate 4,58 mm thick was 456,86 Mpa and  yield strength was 335,02 Mpa. For welded joint need several control quality so that no hole in that perform of welded couse can decrease tensile strength of joint. Conclusion of this research is embedded for precast concrete type wet and dry can be used for construction of joints of beam.
Green Building Concept with The World’s Largest Seismic Isolated Hospital in Turkey
Authors: Solak Kemal
Published: January 2021

Certification systems used to test green buildings have become popular nowadays. In addition, there has been a gradual increase in the involvement of the players in the construction sector and public awareness of sustainability. These systems, which are useful in mitigating the building's environmental impacts, reveal difficulties in their implementation, especially for devoloping countries. Because of the problems affecting the population, such as air pollution and health problems, most world states came together and held conferences to take joint binding decisions. In Turkey, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is first on the total number of certified green buildings, followed by the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) and the German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB). This article summarizes the methodology used by some of these rating methods, shows a comparative approach between these rating systems, and provides an overview of how green building relates to sustainable development practices. Lastly, the building of the hospital was analyzed using  LEED certification system as a case study and the differences in the results were evaluated.
Investigation of Air Circulation For Indoor Air Quality Of Middle-Class Apartment in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Nurwidyaningrum Dyah , Ulum Miftahul , Syamsumarno Billy Septanto
Published: January 2021

The most significant energy used in middle-class apartments is the air circulation unit. The use of energy from the air circulation system is related to the comfort of the user in the housing unit, so it adjusts to the applicable standard. The objection of this study is to investigate the optimization of the air circulation system in middle-class apartments in an urban area. The method is a comparative study of the government standard. The stages of the research did site observation, take air quality measurement, and interview with the questionnaire. Indoor air quality data collected are temperature, relative humidity, CO, and CO2. The data measurement compared to SNI 03-6572-2001 on Procedures for Designing Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Buildings, Indonesian National Standardization.  The questionnaire was to find out the comfort of residents on indoor air quality (IAQ). This study reveals that almost all air quality aspects are consistent to standard, except the temperature. The results of this study that meet the criteria related to air circulation are air movement 40%, relative humidity 65.5%, air movement 40%, CO 78%, and CO2 95%. The result of the questionnaires states that 72.4% of residents feel comfortable with the air quality in the dwelling unit. The size of the room and the adequacy of ventilation in the place influences the value of the air circulation system besides air movement.
Scheduling of Application for Siteplan Authorization Permit (Case of Licensing Process at Investment and Integrated Licensing Services Office in Sleman Regency)
Authors: Nugraheni Fitri , Abma Vendie , Yasien Sigit
Published: January 2021

The permit process must comply with laws and regulations. The permit functions as controlling and supervising tool from the government of activities in certain cases based on the guidelines that must be implemented. The permit also functions as a disciplinarian and regulator in accordance with the law in the administration of government. In the process, several constrains or obstacles often occur in terms of the period of the process as well as technical and non-technical constrains. In this research, an analysis of the scheduling of the site plan permit approval process is based on field data related to the site plan permit approval process with the PERT method. The data used are primary data in the form of interviews and filling in the form of questions and secondary data in the form of a site plan approval process flow. The data that has been collected is then processed and analyzed in several stages. First, calculate the expected time period (te) using interview data and the results of filling in the expected time period (te), so that the expected time period for each activity will be found in accordance with the site plan approval process flow. Second, determine the dependency relationship between activities. In this stage, the relationship between each activity is determined. Third, create a network by changing the existing site authorization process flow into a form of network planning. The results of the schedule using the PERT method are a period of 38 days with alternatives that can be done to reach the time (Tx) of 18 working days in accordance with the Regent Regulations. In addition, the probability of the overall activity being completed is 0.8531 or 85.31%.
THE ROLE OF REVIEWING BUILDING STRUCTURES TO FULFILL REQUIREMENTS FOR STIFFNESS, STABILITY AND STRENGTH OF BUILDING STRUCTURES
Authors: Triastuti Nusa Setiani , Indriasari Indriasari
Published: January 2021

Indonesia at the location of the earthquake All building structures must meet the structural requirements, namely stiffness, stability, strength. Review structures before building are built determine whether they meet the requirements Methodology Case studies based on secondary data. from the design consultant  The author analyzes with the help of structure software. The purpose of this research is to make sure the building structure meets the structural requirements before it is built. The author conducted a design review based on the Indonesian Code (SNI) Desain consultant data  , building structure is still twist in shape mode 1 and 2 after checking in software. Then the authors review and improve mainly dimensions, reinforcement columns and add shear walls. As a result of the addition of shear walls and column changes, the structure meets the requirements of strength, stiffness and stability. Building structure does not occur twist in shape modes 1 and 2. That is the role of design structure review before it is built. To increase the stability of the structure at the bottom of the stairs out towards the back is given a retaining wall, overcoming the horizontal direction of active soil pressure, ground water and surface water from the direction of the hill.
LAST PLANNER SYSTEM (LPS) IMPLEMENTATION ON JAKARTA-CIKAMPEK II ELEVATED TOLL ROAD PROJECT
Authors: Tozahro Ni'mah , Nursin Afrizal
Published: January 2021

In construction industry, its implementation of the construction  has its own constraints. A good management or project management system is needed to minimize the risk of these constraints. The latest project management concept that has proven more effective and efficient is Last Planner System method. This study aims to investigate how the implementation of Last Planner System works on Jakarta-Cikampek II Elevated Toll Road Project. With the evaluation of weekly job evaluations using PPC (Percent Plan Completed) and Pareto Variance Constraint analysis, the constraint issues of this project will be identified. Then they are followed up to find the right solution in handling the constraints. The research method is done by conducting literature study, problem formulation, followed by implementing LPS method, which is through work flow control such as phase and pull plan, lookahead plan, constrain analysis, daily huddles, PPC (Percent Plan Completed) calculation, Pareto Chart analysis with data variation of issues that have been obtained. The results show that the average PPC weekly project is 83.04% and the most influential reason that must be concerned its priority is submittals.
WIM BRIDGE SYSTEM EVALUATION ON ROAD PAVEMENT (A STUDY CASE OF SEMARANG TOLL ROAD SECTION ABC)
Authors: Sutjahjo Kusumo Dradjad , Yazid Firhan , Saputro Danang Eko
Published: January 2021

Semarang Toll Road  Section ABC is one of many toll roads that are traversed by transport vehicles with a load exceeding the permit limit, especially for vehicles originating from the Port of Tanjung Mas. These overloaded vehicles cause a decrease in pavement condition due to pavement damage on Semarang Section ABC Toll Road Section. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the impact of overload vehicles on the remaining life of the road by using overload vehicle detection from the Weight in Motion Bridge system. The method used in this study refers to Bina Marga Pd T-05-2005-B and AASHTO 1993. Based on the results of the analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that there is a decrease in residual life due to overloading vehicles for the year 2022 in Section A, Line A reaches conditions of 26.93% and 37,46%; Section B Line A achieves pavement failure; Section C of Line A reaches 44.65% and 38.33% conditions; Section A Lane B reaches 32.02%; Section B Lane B achieves failure pavement; and Section C of Line B reaching 54.42% and 40.70%.
THE DOCK CONSTRUCTION INTER-ISLAND IN INDONESIA
Authors: Fajrunnajah Mohamad
Published: January 2021

Sea transportation is important to support economic wheels and equitable distribution in inter-island areas in Indonesia. Therefore, adequate transportation facilities and infrastructure need to be provided. With the availability of docks, transportation of goods, services or human transportation can be easier and more efficient. In addition, Indonesia's pulai coast has become a tourist attraction. The types of docks in Indonesia are adapted to the facilities and needs of berths and their functions for the island community. The pier construction is planned to use the method of analyzing the data according to the water, seismic data, wind data, the availability of local materials, size and layout planning and structural planning. The purpose of this study is to find out the general shape of the interisland pier structure in Indonesia and the factors that influence its planning. The method used in this study is a literature review on the interisland pier in Indonesia. The results of the literature review indicate that there are three forms of pier structure in Indonesia with the most form being the quay form which is dominated by the transportation functions of loading and unloading trade goods, and the form of jetty which is dominated by the human transportation function. The shape of the jetty is generally not only made from concrete foundations and deck plates but also uses local materials.
Refletindo a importância dos jogos lúdicos para o ensino da matemática
Authors: Soares Fredson Rodrigues , Sales Elaine Cristina do Nascimento Sousa
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral refletir acerca da importância dos jogos Matemáticos nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental séries finais. As atividades lúdicas favorecem a socialização entre os alunos, fazendo com que experimentem novas situações e manipulem materiais concretos. Entende-se que a ludicidade tem ganhado espaço nos planejamentos pedagógicos pois além de atingir os objetivos elencados ainda melhora a motivação do estudante que consegue perceber-se como autor do seu aprendizado. O pano de fundo desta pesquisa está em conformidade com as pesquisas de autores como Oliveira (2005), Piaget (1998), Kishimoto (2003), dentre outros nos quais conversam entre si sobre a importância do lúdico e suas contribuições na contextualização de conteúdo, motivação e realização de aulas prazerosas, facilitando assim o processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos nessa etapa da educação básica.
PERUBAHAN FUNGSI SOSIAL ASRAMA PANTI WYATA GUNA MENURUT PERATURAN MENTERI SOSIAL NO.18 TAHUN 2018 DIKAITKAN DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO.8 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PENYANDANG DISABILITAS
Authors: Desiana Cindy , Krisnamurti Hana
Published: January 2021

Penyandang Disabilitas adalah setiap orang yang mengalami keterbatasan fisik, intelektual, mental, dan/ atau sensorik dalam jangka waktu lama yang dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan dapat mengalami hambatan dan kesulitan untuk berpartisipasi secara penuh dan efektif dengan warga Negara lainnya berdasarkan kesamaan hak. Berdasarkan kesamaan hak, perubahan fungsi sosial panti Wyata Guna menjadi balai rehabilitasi dalam Peraturan Menteri Sosial yang tidak mengacu kepada peraturan di atasnya yaitu Undang-Undang Penyandang Disabilitas. Regulasi yang dibuat tidak berorientasi kepada kemaslahatan kelompok rentan yang seharusnya mendapat kemudahan aksebilitas dalam mengembangkan diri, sehingga dalam melaksanakan fungsi sosialnya tidak mendapat diskrimanasi dalam hal kesetaraan kesempatan guna mencapai kehidupan yang sejahtera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari perubahan fungsi sosial asrama panti Wyata Guna terhadap para penyandang disabilitas dan upaya penanggulangan agar hak penyandang disabilitas Wyata Guna tetap dilaksanakan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan berdasarkan bahan hukum utama dengan cara menelaah teori-teori, konsep-konsep, asas-asas hukum, taraf sinkronisasi hukum secara vertikal, serta peraturan perundang-undangan. Spesifikasi penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitis yaitu menerangkan atau menggambarkan masalah-masalah yang terjadi pada objek penelitian untuk kemudian di analisis. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah yuridis kualitatif, yaitu analisis yang dilakukan bertitik tolak dari analisis empiris, yang dalam pendalamannya dilengkapi dengan normatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditarik kesimpulan secara deduktif, yaitu cara berpikir yang didasarkan pada fakta- fakta yang bersifat umum untuk kemudian ditarik suatu kesimpulan yang bersifat khusus. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perubahan fungsi sosial panti Wyata Guna terhadap para penyandang disabilitas menyebabkan para penyandang disabilitas netra yang sudah tinggal di panti tersebut menjadi kehilangan haknya karena adanya terminasi waktu dan pembatasan jumlah penyandang disabilitas sebagai penerima manfaat. Upaya penanggulangan agar hak para penyandang disabilitas tetap dilaksanakan adalah melakukan evaluasi terhadap kebijakan tersebut sehingga dapat mengetahui efektivitas dari peraturan yang dibuat dan dapat menentukan langkah-langkah selanjutnya.
ASPEK HUKUM PERCERAIAN DALAM PERSFEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Ramdania Dini
Published: January 2021

Perkawinan adalah merupakan suatu hal yang sakral yang hanya terjadi sekali dalam seumur hidup. Semua orang menginginkan suatu perkawinan yang sakinah mawadah dan warahmah sampai ajal memisahkannya, tetapi tidak sedikit pasangan yang mengalami kegagalan dalam perkawinannya. banyak hal yang menjadi penyebab dalam gagalnya perkawinan seperti masalah ekonomi, adanya perbedaan pendapat, tidak punya anak/keturunan dan masalah lainnya yang dapat menjadi penyebab perceraian terjadi. Di Pengadilan Agama Kota Bandung sendiri ternyata tingkat perceraian sangat tinggi dan 90 % perkara yang masuk ke PA Bandung adalah perceraian dan 60 % adalah karena cerai gugat dimana istri yang menggugat untuk diceraikan dan sebagian besar dari gugart cerai tersebut adalah karena masalah ekonomi. Padahal pemerintah telah mengupayakan untuk menekan tingkat perceraian salah satunya adalah dengan besarnya biaya perceraian dibandingkan dengan biaya perkawinan. Undang-Undang Perkawinan No.1 Tahun 1974 telah dengan baik mengatur syarat dari perkawinan agar terciptanya perkawinan yang sakinah mawadah dan warahmah tetapi pada kenyataannya tetap saja tingkat perceraian tinggi apakah akibat dari tren gaya hidup atau telah ada perubahan tatanan hidup di masyarakat.
DOKTRIN PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KOMANDO ATAS KEJAHATAN BERAT HAM MENURUT HUKUM PIDANA INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Fani Ryan
Published: January 2021

Kejahatan berat Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) dalam skala Internasional meliputi Kejahatan Genosida, Kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan, Kejahatan Perang dan Kejahatan Agresi. Kejahatan berat HAM ini biasanya dijadikan sebagai alat pencapaian dari kebijakan – kebijakan pemerintah, sehingga kejahatan ini mempunyai kaitan erat dengan peran pimpinan militer maupun pimpinan sipil yang mempunyai motivasi tertentu seperti pemberian perintah untuk melakukan kejahatan berat HAM terhadap anak buahnya. Oleh karenanya hal itu akan sangat berhubungan dengan doktrin Pertanggungjawaban Komando, doktrin pertanggungjawaban komando dalam tatanan hukum internasional mempunyai penafsiran yang kurang tegas dan luas yang rentan menimbulkan rasa ketidakadilan dalam pelaksanaan penegakan hukum. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan ialah ketidak tegasan dari prinsip atau doktrin pertanggungjawaban komando terdapat pada redaksi atau frasa “Ketidak-berhasilan Komandan”. frasa tersebut dapat ditafsirkan bahwa walaupun komandan/atasan telah melakukan upaya pengendalian semaksimal mungkin terhadap anak buahnya yang akan, sedang, atau telah melakukan kejahatan berat HAM, namun upaya tersebut tetap tidak berhasil dan pada faktanya anak buahnya telah melakukan kejahatan, maka atasan dimaksud dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, namun disisi lain frasa “ketidak-berhasilan” ini juga dapat ditafsirkan atas tindakan komandan/atasan yang melakukan pembiaran (ommision), artinya komandan atau atasan sama sekali tidak melakukan upaya pengendalian (Pencegahan atau tindakan) terhadap bawahan atau anak buahnya, atas dasar hal itu maka sikap atasan dimaksud dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Ketidak tegasan prinsip atau doktrin inilah yang kemudian akan menimbulkan ketidak adilan bagi para pihak yang bersangkutan, sehingga perlu adanya pembaharuan penafsiran secara tegas atas doktrin pertanggungjawaban komando ini.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PROFESI GURU MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 14 TAHUN 2005 TENTANG GURU DAN DOSEN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Darmawan Cecep
Published: January 2021

Guru memiliki yang sangat strategis bagi kemajuan pendidikan suatu bangsa. Namun, pada tataran kebijakan dan implementasi profesi guru masih menyisakan berbagai persoalan baik menyangkut status guru sebagai profesi maupun kebijakan pendidikan profesi guru. Adanya Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen atau UUGD menjadi landasan hukum bagi profesi guru. Hasil dalam penelitian ini yakni dalam UUGD terdapat ketentuan yang menegaskan profesi guru tidak lain merupakan profesi yang amat terbuka. Artinya setiap sarjana baik dari lulusan sarjana pendidikan maupun nonkependidikan pun memiliki kesempatan yang sama menjadi guru jika memenuhi persyaratan yang telah diamanatkan oleh UUGD, diantaranya yaitu memiliki kualifikasi akademik minimal S1 atau D-IV kependidikan maupun nonkependidikan, memiliki kompetensi yang diperoleh melalui pendidikan profesi guru serta memiliki sertifikat pendidik. Penyelenggaraan pendidikan profesi guru setelah berlakunya UUGD menggunakan model konsekutif (consecutive). Akan tetapi disisi lain juga masih mempertahankan model konkuren (concurrent) yang diselenggarakan pada perguruan tinggi LPTK.
PERLINDUNGAN KECELAKAAN KERJA YANG TIDAK TERDAFTAR DALAM PROGRAM BADAN PENYELENGGARA JAMINAN SOSIAL
Authors: Warso Fidelis , Suharno Rachmat
Published: January 2021

Program jaminan sosial bersifat wajib namun masih ada tenaga kerja yang belum terdaftar sebagai peserta sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku yang salah satunya para pekerja harian lepas pada Trans Luxury Hotel Kota Bandung. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut ada beberapa permasalahan yang menarik untuk dikaji antara lain bagaimanakah bentuk perlindungan yang diberikan terhadap tenaga kerja yang mengalami kecelakaan kerja yang tidak terdaftar dalam program BPJS oleh Trans Luxury Hotel Kota Bandung ? serta apakah faktor-faktor penghambat pemenuhan kewajiban terhadap tenaga kerja yang mengalami kecelakaan kerja yang tidak terdaftar dalam program BPJS oleh Trans Luxury Hotel Kota Bandung ?. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa apabila terdapat pekerja yang mengalami kecelakaan kerja namun para pekerja tersebut tidak terdaftar dalam program BPJS yaitu dengan menanggung biaya rumah sakit. Bentuk perlindungan lain bagi tenaga kerja yang belum terdaftar dalam program BPJS yang mengalami kecelakaan kerja yaitu dengan menyediakan medical room dan diberikan pertolongan pertama oleh Tim ERT First Aid, serta adanya pelatihan teknis bagi setiap pekerja baru untuk menyesuaikan lingkungan kerja demi menanggulangi adanya resiko kecelakaan kerja, selain itu juga pekerja diberikan waktu penyesuaian lingkungan kerja dengan alat-alat yang dipergunakan di lingkungan pekerjaan yang belum biasa digunakan. Faktor-faktor penghambat pemenuhan kewajiban terhadap tenaga kerja yang mengalami kecelakaan kerja yang tidak terdaftar dalam program BPJS yaitu antara lain faktor administrasi, faktor pekerja harian lepas yang hanya dikontrak bekerja selama tiga bulan saja, faktor pekerja yang tidak mau mendaftarkan dirinya dalam program BPJS, karena masa kontrak yang hanya tiga bulan saja, dan faktor kurangnya pengetahuan pekerja mengenai BPJS.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN SANKSI PIDANA KETENAGAKERJAAN TERHADAP PERUSAHAAN YANG MELAKUKAN PELANGGARAN ETIKA BISNIS
Authors: Durahman Dani
Published: January 2021

Pasal 186 Undang-Undang No. 13 tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan dapat disimpulkan belum efektif dalam memaksa para majikan bersikap etis terhadap para karyawannya. Efektifitas Pasal 186 Undang-Undang No. 13 tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan tersebut bisa ditinjau dari tiga tinjauan yaitu filisofis, sosiologis dan yuridis. Secara filisofis, pasal tersebut telah dapat menciptakan keadilan bagi para pihak yang bersengketa yaitu pihak pengusaha dan pihak pekerja. Secara sosiologis, Pasal 186 tersebut belum dirasakan kemanfaatannya dikarenakan masih banyak pengusaha yang melanggar tidak di karenakan sanksi pidana.   Secara yuridis, Pasal 186 Undang-Undang No. 13 tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan seharusnya dapat menciptakan kepastian hukum bagi para aktor hubungan industrial. Implementasi penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial lebih mengutamakan mediasi yaitu antara pengusaha dan pekerja, maupun tripartit yang melibatkan pemerintah di dalamnya yaitu Dinas Tenaga Kerja. Perselisihan terlebih dahulu dicarikan solusi melalui musyawarah untuk mufakat. Solusi selanjutnya dapat melalui pengadilan Hubungan Industrial yang kemudian dilanjutkan tuntutan melalui pengadilan negeri apabila keputusan PHI tidak dijalankan, setelah semua proses ditempuh baru proses secara pidana sehingga penerapan Pasal 168 Undang-Undang No. 13 tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan menjadi upaya terakhir, yang berakibat susahnya pengusaha terkena sanksi pidana sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 168 Undang-Undang No. 13 tahun 2003 Ketenagakerjaan
KEBIJAKAN SISTEM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA ANAK DALAM RANGKA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI ANAK YANG BERHADAPAN DENGAN HUKUM
Authors: Krisnamurti Hana
Published: January 2021

Persoalan pelaku tindak pidana anak bukan hanya persoalan di Indonesia melainkan merupakan masalah dunia. Dalam kehidupan masyarakat di berbagai dunia terdapat perilaku anak yang dianggap menyimpang oleh masyarakat sekitarnya. Sehubungan dengan hal itu United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) mengembangkan konsep Restorative Justice untuk melindungi anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum. Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak mengamanatkan adanya perubahan suatu paradigma berpikir yang mengutamakan kepentingan terbaik bagi anak dan perlindungan terhadap hak anak. Substansi yang paling mendasar dalam Undang-Undang ini berkaitan dengan pertanggungjawaban pidana anak yaitu pengaturan secara tegas mengenai Keadilan Restoratif (Restorative Justice) dan Diversi yang dimaksudkan untuk menghindari dan menjauhkan Anak dari proses peradilan sehingga dapat menghindari stigmatisasi terhadap Anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum.
Lipid nanoparticle formulation of niclosamide (nano NCM) effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro
Authors: Wang Guankui , Gaikwad Hanmant , McCarthy Mary , Gonzalez-Juarrero Mercedes , Li Yue , Armstrong Michael , Reisdorph Nichole , Morrison Thomas , Simberg Dmitri
Published: January 2021

As exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, highly infectious respiratory viruses can spread rapidly in the population because of a lack of effective approaches to control viral replication and spread. Niclosamide is an old anthelminthic drug (see the essential medicine list of the World Health Organization) with pleiotropic pharmacological activities. Several recent publica-tions demonstrated that niclosamide has broad antiviral activities and potently inhibits viral rep-lication, including replication of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and dengue viruses. Unfortunately, it is almost entirely insoluble in water, which limits its clinical use. We developed a cost-effective lipid nanoparticle formulation of niclosamide (nano-NCM) using only Food and Drug Admin-istration-approved excipient and demonstrated potency against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 and ACE2-expressing lung epithelium cells in vitro.