bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, c-Met Inhibitions of 2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene- cyclohexane-1, 3-dione Derivatives Together with their Application as Target SARS-CoV-2 main Protease (Mpro) and as Potential anti-COVID-19
Authors: Almutairi Fahad M. , Mohareb Rafat M. , Elfiky Abdo A. , Abdelaziz Mahmoud A. , Wardakhan Wagnat W. , Mohamed Mervat S. , Abdelhameed Ali S.
Published: August 2022

Background:

The lack of anti-COVID-19 treatment to date warrants urgent research into potential therapeutic targets. Virtual drug screening techniques enable the identification of novel compounds that target the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Main Protease (Mpro).

Objective:

The binding of the halogenated compounds to Mpro may inhibit the replication and transcription of SARS-CoV-2 and, ultimately, stop the viral life cycle. In times of dire need for anti- COVID-19 treatment, this study lays the groundwork for further experimental research to investigate these compounds' efficacy and potential medical uses to treat COVID-19.

Method:

New heterocyclic compounds were synthesized through the first reaction of cyclohexane- 1, 3-dione (1a) or dimedone (1b) with trichloroacetonitrile (2) to give the 2,2,2-trichloroethylidene) cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives 3a and 3b, respectively. The latter compounds underwent a series of heterocyclization reactions to produce biologically active compounds.

Results:

Novel compounds, including fused thiophene, pyrimidine and pyran derivatives, were synthesized and tested against human RNA N7-MTase (hRNMT) and selected viral N7-MTases such as SARS-CoV nsp14 and Vaccinia D1-D12 complex to evaluate their specificity and their molecular modeling was also studied in the aim of producing anti-covid-19 target molecules.

Conclusion:

The results showed that compounds 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f, 10g and 10h showed high % inhibitions against SARs-Covnsp 14. Whereas compounds 5a, 7a, 8b, 10a, 10b, 10c and 10i showed high inhibitions against hRNMT. This study explored the binding affinity of twenty-two halogenated compounds to the SARS-CoV-2 MPro and discovered fifteen compounds with higher binding affinity than Nelfinavir, of which three showed remarkable results. c-Met kinase inhibitions of 10a, 10f, 10g and 10h showed that all compounds exhibited higher inhibitions than the reference Foretinib.
The Roles and Regulation of Ferroptosis in Cancer Progression
Authors: yang Yu , Ma Te , Hu Ting , Ma Chengcheng , Tu Huiqing , Zhu Shunqin
Published: August 2022

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, nonapoptotic form of regulatory death and has received
extensive attention. Fenton reaction related to iron metabolism release high levels of Reactive Oxygen
Species (ROS), and the intracellular ROS content is closely related to various diseases; the iron
ion concentration in many diseased cells is also disordered. In this paper, the advances in ferroptosis
research are summarized, and the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, including inducers and regulatory
protein of ferroptosis in cancer progression. We expect that this study will benefit the further
development of basic research and clinical application of ferroptosis for cancer treatment.
Interaction of Nanomaterials with Protein-Peptide
Authors: Jha Anupam Nath , Hazarika Zaved , Saikia Surovi
Published: August 2022

Nanomaterials have undergone rapid development in the last few decades, galvanized by the versatility of their functional attributes and many inherent advantages over bulk materials. The state of art experimental techniques to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs) from varied sources, offers unprecedented opportunities for utilization and exploration of multifaceted biological activities. Such formulations demand preliminary understanding of the interaction between NPs and biomolecules. Most of these interactions are dependent on the external morphology of the NPs, like the shape, size, charge and surface chemistry. In addition, majority of the experimental techniques are limited to cellular level data, without the atomistic details of mechanisms that lead to these interactions. Consequently, recent studies have determined these atomistic events through in-silico techniques, which provides better understanding and integrative details of interactions between biomolecules and different NPs. Therefore, while delineating the protein-NPs interaction, it is imperative to define the consequences of nanomaterial’s introduction and derive data for formulation of better therapeutic interventions. This review briefly discusses varied types of NPs, their potential applications and interactions with peptide and proteins.
Efficacy and Safety of Alteplase on Treatment of Acute Single Small
Subcortical Infarction
Authors: Gao Yuan , Xu Yuming , Marcelinus Kilanga , Liu Hongbing , Zhang Ke , Zong Ce , Yang Hongxun , Song Bo
Published: August 2022

Background:

Single small subcortical infarction (SSSI) is an isolated small infarction in the territory of perforating artery with a maximum diameter of 20 mm in axial diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). About 20 to 30% of SSSI patients were reported to have early neurological deterioration (END) in the acute phase which brought adverse effects on long-term outcome. The effect of the alteplase on the outcome of SSSI, especially END and long-term outcome was ambiguous.

Objective:

To find out the efficacy and safety of intravenous recombinant tissue Plasminogen Activator(rt-PA) on long-term and short- outcomes of patients with SSSI as compared to patients who received standard medical care.

Method:

The patients were retrospectively screened from a stroke registry of the neurology department of 1st Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2013 to December 2020.Based on treatment modality patients were dichotomized into alteplase and standard medical care group. To minimize confounding factors in subgroups, a propensity score matching analysis was done. The primary outcome was favorable functional outcome on 3 months after stroke onset defined by attaining score of ≤2 points on the modified Rankin scale (mRS), secondary outcome was prevention of occurrence of END defined as an increase of ≥2 points in total score or ≥1point on motor subunit in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score within 72 hour of symptoms onset, safety features were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) or death. Multivariate analysis was employed to find the efficacy and safety of alteplase on the treatment of SSSI.

Results:

A total of 717 patients with anterior circulation SSSI were selected, 132 were included in the final analysis. Forty-five patients were treated with alteplase within 4.5 hours and 87 with standard medical care and 44 pairs were successfully matched by propensity score. Pre-match data showed that alteplase thrombolysis group showed higher proportion of favorable outcomes at 3-month follow-up [ OR=0.315, 95%CI:0.106, 0.931, P=0.037], but did not reduce the incidence of END compared with the non-thrombolytic group [ OR=1.033, 95%CI :0.417,2.554, P=0.943]. Post-match data showed that the alteplase group also showed higher proportion of favorable outcomes at 3-month follow-up [ OR=0.247, 95%CI: 0.074, 0.830, P=0.024], however, it did not reduce the incidence of END compared with the non-thrombolytic group [ OR=1.241, 95%CI: 0.433,3.554, P=0.688]. There was one case of asymptomatic ICH in alteplase treated patients.

Conclusion:

Patients with SSSI in the anterior circulation are more likely to achieve 3 months favorable outcomes than those who were treated with standard medical care, however treatment with alteplase may not prevent occurrence of END.
Contribution of Drugs to Drowning in Scotland from 1996 to 2020
Authors: Corkery John Martin , Martinotti Giovanni , Schifano Fabrizio
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Psychoactive substance use (including alcohol) can affect risk perception, leading
to accidents and deaths. There is little detailed or up-to-date information on the role of drugs in drownings
in the United Kingdom (UK). This Scottish case-study aimed to fill this knowledge gap

Methods:

Anonymised data for individual drug-poisoning-related drowning registered from 1996 to
2020 were provided by the National Records of Scotland. Statistical analyses were performed for
socio-demographics, ICD coding, cause of death, and substances implicated.

Results:

It has been reported that death registrations increased from 7 in 2017 to over 20 during
2019-20. These deaths (n=160) accounted for <1% of all drug-related poisoning deaths; this proportion
rose to record levels (c.1.5%) during 2019-20. Most deaths (69%) involved males. The mean
age was 39.8 (range 16-81, SD 15.0) years. The main drug classes implicated were: opiates/opioids
(41%), benzodiazepines (31%), stimulants (19%), and antidepressants (14%). Moreover, 57% of
benzodiazepines were ‘designer’ drugs.

Conclusions:

Scottish drownings associated with drug consumption are increasing rapidly. It has
been observed that central nervous system depressant drugs (e.g., opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol)
are often involved in drowning. ‘Designer’ benzodiazepines are a principal factor in increasing
Scottish drug-related poisoning deaths; they may be partially responsible for increasing numbers of
related drownings. Evidence-based strategies to further reduce the number of preventable drownings
should include reference to the dangers of drugs.
Mitochondrial Medicine: A Promising Therapeutic Option Against Various Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Almikhlafi Mohannad A. , Karami Mohammed M. , Jana Ankit , Alqurashi Thamer M. , Majrashi Mohammed , Alghamdi Badrah S. , Ashraf Ghulam Md.
Published: August 2022

Abnormal mitochondrial morphology and metabolic dysfunction have been observed in many neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by aberrant mitochondrial DNA, mutant nuclear proteins that interact with mitochondria directly or indirectly, or for unknown reasons. Since mitochondria play a significant role in neurodegeneration, mitochondriatargeted therapies represent a prosperous direction for the development of novel drug compounds that can be used to treat NDDs. This review gives a brief description of how mitochondrial abnormalities lead to various NDDs such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We further explore the promising therapeutic effectiveness of mitochondria- directed antioxidants, MitoQ, MitoVitE, MitoPBN, and dimebon. We have also discussed the possibility of mitochondrial gene therapy as a therapeutic option for these NDDs.
A Network Pharmacology-based Mechanism of the Traditional Chinese
Medicine Formula Li Kun Zhi Ji acting on Colon Cancer
Authors: Liu Guoyan , Liu Yanling , Duan Linshan , Li Long , Jin Yanling , Hong Yuling , Wang Dan
Published: August 2022

Backgrounds:

Li Kun Zhi Ji (LKZJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that effectively improves the immune system. However, the mechanism of its action against cancer remains unknown. Our study aimed to determine whether LKZJ inhibits the growth of the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116, and we performed in vitro experiments to further explore the associated molecular mechanisms.

Objective:

We explored the antitumor function and the mechanism of LKZJ against human colon cancer cells.

Methods:

We selected the effective components of LKZJ. Then, the potential targets of these components were obtained against colon cancer, and an “LKZJ-targets-colon cancer” network was constructed. After that, a CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell viability. Next, apoptosis was analyzed with PI/Annexin V assay using flow cytometry. Finally, western blotting was carried out to determine the expression levels of the protein.

Results:

We obtained 36 effective LKZJ components and identified 225 candidate targets acting on colon cancer. We demonstrated that the cell viability of HCT-116 cells had significantly decreased after treatment of LKZJ. The suppression of HCT-116 proliferation by LKZJ through inducing apoptosis was determined using Flow cytometry. In addition, mitochondria-associated apoptosis was stimulated, and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax and Bad were observed. LKZJ also attenuated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through western blotting.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed that LKZJ induced HCT-116 cell line apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt apoptotic pathway. Our results indicated that LKZJ could be a possible therapeutic agent against human colon cancer.
Echocardiography Parameters in Behcet’s Disease, A Comparative Study
Authors: Mirfeizi Zahra , Poorzand Hoorak , Manzari Reza Salehi , Abbasi Shaye Zahra
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with multiple organ involvements. Although cardiac involvement is not common, it can increase patient morbidity and mortality and decrease life quality. In the present study, echocardiographic abnormalities in BD with no cardiac symptoms were investigated.

Methods:

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was performed on patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad from 2015 to 2018. The participants were divided into control and BD groups. Patients with BD were diagnosed based on ISG criteria. All participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography. Echocardiographic parameters were compared between BD and control groups.

Results:

In this study, the severity of aortic (AR), mitral (MR), and tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) was higher in BD than in the control group, while only TR severity showed a statistically sig-nificant difference (p-value < 0.001). Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure (sPAP) was significantly higher in BD compared to the control group (24.6 mmHg versus 22.81 mmHg, respectively) (p-value = 0.019).

Conclusion:

It seems echocardiography is valuable in evaluating a cardiac function, even in asymp-tomatic patients. Cases with moderate mitral and aortic regurgitation were only observed in BD. Long-term follow-up is suggested, and further studies are required.
iTRAQ-based Proteomics Analysis of ADTM for Preventing the
Development of Nitroglycerin-induced Tolerance
Authors: Shan Luchen , Hu Huihui , Wu Jia , Guo Baojian , Wang Yuqiang
Published: August 2022

Background:

Long-term nitroglycerin (NTG) therapy causes tolerance, which limits its clinical
application. Previous studies have reported a novel Danshensu/tetramethylpyrazine derivative ADTM,
which displays strong cardioprotective effects. However, the effect of ADTM is not known in the NTGinduced
tolerance model. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential improvement and underlying
mechanism of ADTM for preventing the development of NTG-induced tolerance in in vivo and in vitro
experiments.

Methods:

Firstly, the effect of ADTM was determined on NTG-induced tolerance using isolated thoracic
aortic rings obtained from rats (50 μM for 45 min). After intragastric administration of ADTM (30 mg/kg,
twice a day) for 7 days, NTG solution (10 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into male Sprague-Dawley
(SD) rats once a day for 7 consecutive days. The systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure
(DAP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded using the PowerLab system. The iTRAQ-based
proteomics analysis was used to clarify the underlying mechanism of ADTM in NTG-induced tolerance.

Results:

ADTM markedly enhanced relaxation sensitivity and vasodilator responses to NTG tolerance in
the isolated rat thoracic aorta, and this effect was independent of the vascular endothelium. ADTM prevented
the development of NTG-induced tolerance in rats by improving hemodynamic parameters, such as
SAP, DAP, and MAP. The iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis suggests that ADTM prevention of NTGinduced
tolerance may be related to the regulation of ribosomal metabolism and tight junctions.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that ADTM has therapeutic potential for NTG-induced tolerance, and is
worthy of further studies.
The Prognostic and Drug-targeting Value of Lymphoid Enhancer-binding
Factor-1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Ruixiang , Dai Huiru , Liu Fuweijian , Liu Minling , Li Xueying , Li Tingwei , Liao Jiehao , Chen Zhe-Sheng , Liu Yuchen , Fang Shuo
Published: August 2022

Background:

Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor-1 (LEF1) was previously reported to
contribute to a variety of malignancies, including Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). However, its
role in HCC is poorly understood.

Objective:

To explore the role of LEF1 in HCC, including its prognostic and drug-targeting value.

Methods:

The LEF1 expression and patient characteristics were investigated. The associations
between clinical characteristics and LEF1 were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate
logistic regression. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to explore the clinicopathological
factors related to overall survival in patients with HCC. A nomogram to predict the
survival rate was constructed and validated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database
(KEGG) was used to explore the function of LEF1. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA)
was also performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Furthermore, compounds that may
have the potential to be targeted drugs in the treatment of LEF1-overexpressing HCC were identified
using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), patents about these drugs in HCC
were also reviewed through Worldwide Espacenet® and Patentscope®.

Results:

Increased expression of LEF1 was significantly associated with high histological grade of
HCC (odds ratio (OR) = 2.521 for grade (G) 2 vs. G1, OR = 2.550 for G3 vs. G1, OR = 7.081 for
G4 vs. G1, all P < 0.05). A Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed that HCC patients with LEF1
overexpression had a poor prognosis compared with those with normal LEF1 expression (P =
0.025). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that LEF1 is an independent prognostic factor
for the overall survival of patients with HCC (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.095; P = 0.04). The constructed
nomogram to predict the survival rate produced a statistically significant prediction (area
under the curve (AUC) = 86.68). In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis of genes
co-expressed with the protein showed that LEF1 was associated with transcriptional regulation.
GSEA suggested that the cell cycle, the WNT signaling pathway, and the NOTCH signaling
pathway may be the key pathways regulated by LEF1 in HCC. Furthermore, the Comparative
Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) identified nine compounds that may have the potential to be
targeted drugs in the treatment of LEF1-overexpressing HCC. Patent reviews suggested that these
drugs may show some efficacy in HCC, but whether these drugs interact with LEF1 and improve
the prognosis for patients with HCC remains to be explored.

Conclusion:

LEF1 is a latent prognostic molecular biomarker of HCC. The cell cycle, and WNT
and NOTCH signaling pathways are regulated by LEF1 in HCC. LEF1 could be a potential drug
target for HCC.
Induced Depressive Disorder Following the First Dose of COVID-19
Vaccine
Authors: Rammouz Ismail , Doufik Jalal , Aalouane Rachid , Boujraf Saïd
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Several COVID-19 vaccines have been implemented. However, some side
effects of the vaccine have been reported, which are sometimes very harmful. Reported cases and data
are still very limited regarding the psychiatric side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine. To our
knowledge, only one case has been reported. In this paper, we report the case of a patient who presented
an acute depressive episode 24 hours after receiving his first dose of the BNT162b2mRNA vaccine.

Case Report:

The case was a 26-year-old man with a history of Down syndrome with moderately
good autonomy for daily routine tasks. The patient, who presented hypothyroidism at 10 years old and
schizophrenia at 15 years old, was doing well before the vaccination and received his first dose of the
BNT162b2mRNA vaccine. Twenty-four hours later, he presented depressive symptoms that resolved
spontaneously after one week. Then, fifteen days later, the symptoms reappeared, and the episode lasted
for 5 weeks. The patient received 10 mg/day of escitalopram besides his usual treatment. The
depressive symptoms improved considerably by the second day of treatment.

Discussion:

The presented case illustrated significant diagnostic challenges, especially when taking
into account the sequential relationship between the COVID-19 vaccine and the occurrence of depressive
symptoms. A single case of depression has been reported after the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Scientific evidence suggests the important role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of
various psychiatric disorders, including depression.

Conclusion:

Health professionals must take into consideration the potential psychiatric side effects
even being rare so far, especially in vulnerable subjects. Further studies are required to establish the
causal effects of depressive symptoms occurring during the weeks following the COVID-19 vaccine
bolus injection.
Plants and their Bioactive Compounds as a Possible Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Authors: Thakur Manisha , Vasudeva Neeru , Sharma Sunil , Datusalia Ashok Kumar
Published: August 2022

Traumatic brain injury is an outcome of external forces' physical or mechanical impact on the brain. Thus, the silent epidemic has complex pathophysiology affecting the brain along with extracranial or systemic complications in more than one organ system, including the heart, lungs, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal and endocrine system which is referred to as Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. It is driven by three interconnected mechanisms, such as systemic hyperinflammation, paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, and immunosuppression-induced sepsis. These multifaceted pathologies accelerate the risk of mortality in clinical settings by interfering with the functions of distant organs through hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, acute lung injury, neurogenic pulmonary edema, reduced gastrointestinal motility, Cushing ulcers, acute liver failure, acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, endocrine dysfunction, and many other impairments. The pharmaceutical treatment approach for this is highly specific in its mode of action and linked to various side effects, including hallucinations, seizures, anaphylaxis, teeth, bone staining, etc. Therefore, alternative natural medicine treatments are widely accepted due to their broad complementary or synergistic effects on the physiological system with minor side effects. This review is a compilation of the possible mechanisms behind the occurrence of multiorgan dysfunction and reported medicinal plants with organ protective activity that not yet been explored against traumatic brain injury and thereby highlighting the marked possibilities of their effectiveness in the management of multiorgan dysfunction. As a result, we attempted to respond to the hypothesis against using medicinal plants to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Acute Peripheral Facial Nerve Palsy in Children and Adolescents:
Clinical Aspects and Treatment Modalities
Authors: Jančić Jasna , Zeković Janko , Ćetković Mila , Nikolić Blažo , Ivančević Nikola , Vučević Danijela , Nešić Zorica , Milovanović Srđan , Radenković Miroslav , Samardžić Janko
Published: August 2022

Background:

Peripheral facial nerve palsy is a relatively frequent, rather idiopathic, and
isolated nonprogressive disorder with a tendency toward spontaneous recovery in children. It is primarily
characterized by unilateral paresis or paralysis of the mimic musculature, affecting verbal
communication, social interactions, and quality of life.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical aspects and efficacy of different therapeutic modalities
in the population of children and adolescents with acute peripheral facial nerve palsy, the quality
and recovery rate in comparison to different therapy modalities and etiological factors as well as to
determine parameters of recovery according to the age of patients.

Methods:

The retrospective study included children and adolescents (n=129) with an acute onset of
peripheral facial nerve palsy, diagnosed and treated in the Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for
Children and Youth in Belgrade (2000-2018). The mean age of the patients was 11.53 years
(SD±4.41). Gender distribution was 56.6% female and 43.4% male patients.

Results:

There were 118 (91.5%) patients with partial and 11 (8.5%) patients with complete paralysis.
Left-sided palsy occurred in 67 (51.9%) patients, right-sided in 58 (45.0%), while there were 4 (3.1%)
bilateral paralyses. The most common etiological factor was idiopathic (Bell’s palsy), i.e., 74 (57.4%)
patients, followed by middle ear infections, i.e., 16 (12.4%). Regardless of etiology, age, and therapy
protocols, there was a significant recovery in most of the patients (p<0.001), without significant differences
in recovery rate. Comparison of inpatient and outpatient populations showed significant differences
regarding the number of relapses, the severity of clinical presentation, and the recovery rate in
relation to etiology.

Conclusion:

Bell’s palsy is shown to be the most common cause of peripheral facial nerve palsy in
children and adolescents, regardless of gender. It is followed by mid-ear infections, respiratory infections,
and exposure to cold. Most children and adolescents recovered three weeks after initial presentation,
regardless of etiology, age, and therapy.
Development and Characterization of Novel Chronic Eosinophilic Inflammation-
Mediated Murine Model of Malignant Pancreatitis
Authors: Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar , Venkateshaiah Sathisha Upparahalli , Yadavalli Chandra Sekhar , Oruganti Lokanatha , Mishra Anil
Published: August 2022

Aims:

Develop a novel murine models of malignant pancreatitis.

Background:

Although patients with chronic pancreatitis are at a greater risk of developing pancreatic
cancer, there is no definitive mouse model that currently develops chronic pancreatitis-induced pancreatic
cancer.

Objective:

Characterization of eosinophilic inflammation-mediated malignant pancreatitis in novel murine
model.

Methods:

We developed a murine model of chronic eosinophilic inflammation associated with pancreatitis
that also shows characteristic features of pancreatic malignancy. The mouse received cerulein and
azoxymethane via intraperitoneal administration developed pathological malignant phenotype, as well as
concomitant lung inflammation.

Results:

We discovered pathological alterations in the pancreas that were associated with chronic pancre-atitis, including a buildup of eosinophilic inflammation. Eosinophil degranulation was reported nearby in the pancreas tissue sections that show acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and acinar cell atrophy, both of which are characteristic of pancreatic malignancies. Additionally, we also observed the formation of PanIN lesions after three initial doses of AOM and eight weeks of cerulein with the AOM treatment regimen. We discov-ered that persistent pancreatic eosinophilic inflammation linked with a pancreatic malignant phenotype contributes to pulmonary damage. The RNA seq analysis also confirmed the induction of fibro-inflamma-tory and oncogenic proteins in pancreas and lung tissues. Further, in the current manuscript, we now report the stepwise kinetically time-dependent cellular inflammation, genes and proteins involved in the develop-ment of pancreatitis malignancy and associated acute lung injury by analyzing the mice of 3 AOM with 3, 8, and 12 weeks of the cerulein challenged protocol regime.

Conclusion:

We first show that sustained long-term eosinophilic inflammation induces time-dependent proinflammatory, profibrotic and malignancy-associated genes that promote pancreatic malignancy and acute lung injury in mice.
Correlation of Serum Uric Acid with Cognition, Severity, and Stage of Disease in Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease and Vascular Parkinsonism: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Misri Zulkifli , Pillarisetti Shashank , Nayak Pradeepa , Mahmood Amreen , Ahmed Safwan , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
Published: August 2022

Background:

Uric acid (UA) being a potent antioxidant may reduce the oxidative stress and progression of Parkinson’s disease. However, the role of UA is not yet established in people with Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) and Vascular Parkinsonism (VP).

Objectives:

We aimed i) to compare the serum UA levels in IPD, VP, and healthy adults and ii) to find a relation between UA levels with disease severity, disease stage, and cognitive function in people with IPD and VP.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among people with IPD (n=70), VP (n=70), and healthy adults (n=70). Demographics details, body mass index, duration of illness, levodopa usage, comorbidities, MDS-UPDRS scores, modified H&Y scale, MMSE, and serum UA levels were collected from participants. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to find the correlation between UA levels, MDS-UPDRS, H & Y, and MMSE scores.

Results:

The age of the participants ranged from 59 to 80 years. Results showed that serum UA level in healthy control (5.41±0.99; p=0.001) and VP groups (5.27 ± 0.99; p=0.001) were significantly higher compared to IPD group (4.34 ±1.03). We found a significant negative correlation between UA and MDS-UPDRS (r=-0.68, p<0.01) and H & Y scores (r = -0.61, p<0.01) and a significant positive correlation of UA with MMSE (r=0.55, p<0.01) in the IPD group. UA levels in the VP group were not correlated with any of the outcome measures.

Conclusion:

In people with IPD, serum UA level was negatively correlated with severity and progression of the disease but positively correlated with cognitive ability.
Discovery and Design of Radiopharmaceuticals by In silico Methods
Authors: Winkler David A. , Salahinejad Maryam , Shiri Fereshteh
Published: August 2022

There has been impressive growth in the use of radiopharmaceuticals for therapy, selective toxic payload delivery, and noninvasive diagnostic imaging of disease. The increasing timeframes and costs involved in the discovery and development of new radiopharmaceuticals have driven the development of more efficient strategies for this process. Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) methods and Machine Learning (ML) have become more effective over the last two decades for drug and materials discovery and optimization. They are now fast, flexible, and sufficiently accurate to accelerate the discovery of new molecules and materials. Radiopharmaceuticals have also started to benefit from rapid developments in computational methods. Here, we review the types of computational molecular design techniques that have been used for radiopharmaceuticals design. We also provide a thorough examination of success stories in the design of radiopharmaceuticals, and the strengths and weaknesses of the computational methods. We begin by providing a brief overview of therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals and the steps involved in radiopharmaceuticals design and development. We then review the computational design methods used in radiopharmaceutical studies, including molecular mechanics, quantum mechanics, molecular dynamics, molecular docking, pharmacophore modelling, and datadriven ML. Finally, the difficulties and opportunities presented by radiopharmaceutical modelling are highlighted. The review emphasizes the potential of computational design methods to accelerate the production of these very useful clinical radiopharmaceutical agents and aims to raise awareness among radiopharmaceutical researchers about computational modelling and simulation methods that can be of benefit to this field.
Research Progress on the Human Behavior Recognition Based on Machine
Learning Methods
Authors: Zhou Peijian , Yu Wenjin , Shu Lingfeng , Wei Shang , Jiang Chenglong , Zheng Haisheng
Published: August 2022

Background:

Machine vision has been used in the industrial automation system for a long
time. It also plays a significant role in the field of human behavior recognition. Behavior recognition
based on machine vision, such as object tracking, motion detection and crime recognition, greatly
broadens the application field of artificial intelligence and has a good application prospect.

Objective:

We summarize the latest applications of various machine learning algorithms in human behavior
recognition, and analyze the accuracy of various algorithms combined with data sets, so as to
provide reference for researchers in related fields.

Methods:

By sorting out the typical research results, briefly expound on the application of machine
learning in the field of behavior recognition in recent years. This review focuses on the Two Stream
Network structure, TSN structure, LSTM network and C3D network.

Results:

This paper analyzes the principles, advantages and disadvantages of various human behavior
recognition methods, and briefly discusses the future development direction.

Conclusion:

The wide application prospect of behavior recognition and detection makes it a hot research
direction in the field of computer vision, and greatly improves the accuracy of complex human
motion recognition combined with deep learning. However, it still faces many difficulties, such as insufficient
discrimination of violence attributes, difficult collection, verification of special action data
and insufficient hardware computing resources, etc.
Carbon Nano-Onions: Synthesis, Properties and Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Mohapatra Jeotikanta , Mitra Arijit
Published: August 2022

Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) or multilayered fullerenes have received
considerable attention in diversified research areas such as supercapacitors, fuel cells,
batteries, photovoltaics, and biosensors due to their unique physicochemical, optical,
catalytic, and electronic properties. These structures were first observed in 1992, and
ever since, a considerable amount of research on their physical properties and
development of CNOs based supercapacitors and sensors has been successfully
witnessed. CNOs are prepared via different experimental techniques, and their
structural and physical properties often rely upon the fabrication process or parameters.
This chapter presents an overview of different methods that have been adapted to
prepare CNOs and their novel properties with a focus on the fundamental curvature
morphology effects. A comprehensive discussion on the potential applications, citing
recent research, is provided. The challenges and the potential directions of CNOs-based
materials with an eye to develop highly efficient and long-term stable CNOs-based
energy storage devices and sensors are also addressed.
A Concise Summary of Recent Research on MOF Based Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Mohanty Ankita , Ramadoss Ananthakumar
Published: August 2022

This book chapter elucidates the recent works accomplished in the platform
of flexible/wearable supercapacitor devices based on metal-organic frameworks
(MOFs) electrodes. Comprehensive insight into various types of supercapacitors, the
advantage of MOF-based flexible supercapacitors among them, classifications of
MOF-based flexible supercapacitors concerning their building blocks, and recent
research accomplished with their pros and cons are illustrated. Finally, the performance
assessment, strategies to improve efficiency, and future perspectives are briefed.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BABY JAVA ORANGE PEEL PECTIN (Citrus sinensis) AND CORN STARCH-BASED EDIBLE FILM WITH GLYCEROL PLASTICIZER
Authors: Suryani Karlan Lilis , Nurindra Rahmadhia Safinta
Published: August 2022

Baby Java orange is one sweet orange variant with a high pectin content on its skin. Pectin and starch are examples of the main ingredients in making edible films. Besides its economical price, corn starch is also commonly used in preparing edible films as the biopolymer material that can produce a matrix used for the edible film preparation process. The addition of glycerol plasticizers can improve the structure of the film. This study aimed to determine the effect of pectin concentration of Baby Java orange peel and glycerol on the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting edible film and determine the formulation with the highest value in the manufacture of the edible film according to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor is Baby Java skin pectin concentration (15%, 25%, and 35% %b b/b starch), while the second factor is glycerol concentration (10%, 20%, and 30% v/v). The edible films were then analyzed for their moisture content, thickness, solubility, color, tensile strength, and water vapor permeability. The results show that the concentration of pectin and glycerol with the addition of corn starch significantly affects the parameters of moisture content, solubility, thickness, tensile strength, color, and water vapor permeability tests. The optimum formulation in the preparation of edible films according to JIS was the formulation with the addition of 15% pectin and 20% glycerol, which resulted in 6.24% of moisture content, 76.57% solubility, 0.25 mm thickness, 0.50 MPa tensile strength, 54.98 lightness, 3.66 blueness, -1.48 appearances and 1.42 g.mm/m2.h.kPa water vapor permeability
CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID LAUNDRY SOAP BASED ON LERAK (Sapindus rarak DC.)
Authors: Hawa La Choviya , Nurrachmani Bahari Aini , Lastriyanto Anang
Published: August 2022

Lerak (Sapindus rarak DC.) is one of the fruits with a main active compound called saponin. Saponins function as natural surfactants with foaming and emulsifying properties. Lerak in Indonesia is widely used as a traditional detergent. Using lerak essence as a detergent, batik washing can be done well without fading colors and is more environmentally friendly. Lerak essence can be applied as an additional component in preparing solid laundry soap. Adding lerak essence is to replace the anionic surfactant Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS). Therefore, the risk of pollution can be lowered, as well as keep batik cloth from easily fading out. This study was conducted using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors, including the concentration of lerak essence (10%, 7.5%, and 5%) and NaOH molecules (0.5 mol and 0.375 mol). This study aimed to analyze the effect of variation in lerak essence concentration and NaOH molecular on the physicochemical properties of solid laundry soap. The results showed that the higher the concentration of lerak essence and NaOH molecules, the more it reduces the water content in solid laundry soap. Concentrations of 10% lerak essence and 0.5 mol NaOH molecules have the highest value for foam stability and the lowest value for moisture content. Among the tensile strength, pH, brightness level and yellowness level, the highest value was in the concentration of 7.5% lerak essence and 0.5 mol NaOH molecules. Treatments of the variation of lerak essence concentrations significantly affect pH, while the treatment of NaOH molecular variation significantly affects pH, tensile strength, foam stability, brightness level (L*) and yellowness level (b*).
Development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Through Geoproducts for Geopark Gorontalo
Authors: Butolo Ivana
Published: August 2022

Geopark is an area that combines the uniqueness of geology, biodiversity, and cultural diversity that is managed for the needs of conservation, education, and sustainable economic development of the community. The existence of this Geopark has opened up opportunities and become a great chance for local communities. Gorontalo province has the biggest potential natural resources for development; in this matter, we need local creativity to build efforts in special characters and also unique for itself. The Gorontalo Geopark is currently undergoing improvements for the development of MSMEs to create innovative products related to the Geopark and actively contribute to the local economic growth of the community. This study aims to understand the existence of geo products as part of MSMEs and find out how the strategy of geo product development for local economic growth can support the development of the Gorontalo geopark. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with primary data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and secondary data obtained from the relevant agencies. The results showed that geo products are one of the first steps in developing MSMEs to improve the community's economy, although, in practice, there are still problems. In this condition, the local government must formulate a policy strategy for developing MSMEs through geo product, namely fixing the database, increasing community capacity, creating innovation, creating geopark branding, optimizing the use of technology, stakeholder collaboration also promotion strategy. This policy strategy is formulated so that the presence of geo products can support the Gorontalo geopark in improving community welfare.
Стимулированное излучение в гетероструктурах InAs/InAsSb/InAsSbP с асимметричным электронным ограничением
Authors: Семакова А.А. , Ружевич М.С. , Романов В.В. , Баженов Н.Л. , Мынбаев К.Д. , Моисеев К.Д.
Published: August 2022

The electroluminescent characteristics of the InAs/InAs1−ySby /InAsSbP asymmetric light-emitting diode heterostructures with high InSb mole fraction in the active region (y > 0.09) in the temperature range 4.2−300 K have been studied. Stimulated emission was achieved in the wavelength range 4.1−4.2 μm at low temperatures (T < 30 K). It was found that the electroluminescence spectra were formed as a result of the superposition of contributions from different channels of radiative recombination of charge carriers near the type II heterointerface. The effect of the quality of the type II InAsSb/InAsSbP heterojunction on the radiative interface transitions with an increase in the content of InSb in the ternary solid solution is considered.
This is test (Preprint)
Authors: Account Developer
Published: August 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is test
Test (Preprint)
Authors: Account Developer
Published: August 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

test
Prediction models for atopic dermatitis diagnosis and evaluation：based on Machine learning (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Songjiang , Lei Li , Hu Yibo , Jiang Ling , Fu Chuhan , Zhang Yushan , Zhu Lu , Huang Jinhua , Chen Jing , Zeng Qinghai
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease that seriously affects patients’ quality of life. Reliable and accurate evaluation methods are necessary for early diagnosis and individual treatment of AD, machine learning (ML) approaches may support clinical decision making for patients with AD.

OBJECTIVE

This study uses ML to explore a novel diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation prediction model for AD.

METHODS

GEO transcriptome datasets were integrated to identify differentially expressed genes, candidate model genes were further screened using Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA), constructed PPI network, and literature review. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyzed the biological functions of candidate model genes. Then, three recognized models (REC) and three AD-associated gene models (AAG) were trained and tested separately in different datasets. The therapeutic effect and Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORD) were used to confirm the practicality of these models. Finally, single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and immune infiltration analysis were performed to explore the potential relationship between model genes and immune cells in AD.

RESULTS

REC model of Lasso (model genes including IL7R, KRT16, CCL2, CD53, CCL18 and CCL22) and AAG model of Logistic linear regression (LR) (model genes including MX1, CCNB1, SERPINB13, ADAM19, CEP55, VMP1, TTC39A, and FCHSD1) could accurately classified AD lesions and non-lesions in training and testing data and showed good AUC (basically above 0.8). In Dupilumab, Crisaborole, and Fezakinumab-treated samples, the expression of model genes was positively correlated with the severity of lesions and negatively correlated with treatment length. In addition, the two models can also accurately predict the infiltration of immune cells in the skin lesions and non-lesions.

CONCLUSIONS

ML can be used to construct a predictive model for the diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic effects of AD.
Social media for public health: a framework for social media-based public health campaigns (Preprint)
Authors: de Vere Hunt Isabella Joy , Linos Eleni
Published: August 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

The pervasiveness of social media is irrefutable, with 72% of adults reporting using at least one social media platform. Yet, the specifics of how public health practitioners can effectively utilize social media for health promotion are not described.

We propose a novel framework with five key principles to guide the use of social media for public health campaigns: 1.) tailor messages to specific populations; 2.) include members of target population in message development; 3.) identify and address misinformation; 4.) leverage information sharing; 5.) evaluate impact by measuring real-world outcomes.

Leveraging social media to deliver public health campaigns enables us to capitalize on sophisticated for-profit advertising techniques to disseminate tailored messaging directly to communities that need it most, with a precision far beyond the reaches of conventional mass media.
Conversational Agents for Body Weight Management: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Noh Eunyoung , Won Jiyoon , Jo Sua , Hahm Dae-Hyun , Lee Hyangsook
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Obesity is a public health issue worldwide. Conversational agents (CAs), also frequently called chatbots, are computer programs that simulate dialogue between people. Owing to better accessibility, cost-effectiveness, personalization, and compassionate patient-centered treatments, CAs are expected to have the potential to provide sustainable lifestyle counseling for weight management.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aimed to critically summarize and evaluate clinical studies on the effectiveness and feasibility of CAs with unconstrained natural language input for weight management.

METHODS

PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), PsycINFO, and ACM Digital Library were searched up to December 2022. Studies were included if CAs were used for weight management and had a capability for unconstrained natural language input. No restrictions were imposed on study design, language, or publication type. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool or the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. The extracted data from the included studies were tabulated and narratively summarized as substantial heterogeneity was expected.

RESULTS

In total, 8 studies met the eligibility criteria: 3 (38%) randomized controlled trials and 5 (62%) uncontrolled before-and-after studies. The CAs in the included studies were aimed at behavior changes through education, advice on food choices, or counseling via psychological approaches. Of the included studies, only 38% (3/8) reported a substantial weight loss outcome (1.3-2.4 kg decrease at 12-15 weeks of CA use). The overall quality of the included studies was judged as low.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this systematic review suggest that CAs with unconstrained natural language input can be used as a feasible interpersonal weight management intervention by promoting engagement in psychiatric intervention-based conversations simulating treatments by health care professionals, but currently there is a paucity of evidence. Well-designed rigorous randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes, longer treatment duration, and follow-up focusing on CAs’ acceptability, efficacy, and safety are warranted.