bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful survival of an extreme premature infant with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Goddard Thomas , Andersen Chad , Tai Andrew
Published: January 2017

Extreme premature infants with cystic fibrosis typically do not survive the neonatal phase. This case report describes the youngest survivor of a premature infant with cystic fibrosis and highlights the importance of advanced neonatal care with cystic fibrosis therapy.
Protocol for a scoping review study to identify and classify patient-centred quality indicators
Authors: Jolley Rachel J , Lorenzetti Diane L , Manalili Kimberly , Lu Mingshan , Quan Hude , Santana Maria J
Published: January 2017

Introduction

The concept of patient-centred care (PCC) is changing the way healthcare is understood, accepted and delivered. The Institute of Medicine has defined PCC as 1 of its 6 aims to improve healthcare quality. However, in Canada, there are currently no nationwide standards in place for measuring and evaluating healthcare from a patient-centred approach. In this paper, we outline our scoping review protocol to systematically review published and unpublished literature specific to patient-centred quality indicators that have been implemented and evaluated across various care settings.

Methods and analysis

Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology framework will guide the conduct of this scoping review. We will search electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts), grey literature sources and the reference lists of key studies to identify studies appropriate for inclusion. 2 reviewers will independently screen all abstracts and full-text studies for inclusion. We will include any study which focuses on quality indicators in the context of PCC. All bibliographic data, study characteristics and indicators will be collected and analysed using a tool developed through an iterative process by the research team. Indicators will be classified according to a predefined conceptual framework and categorised and described using qualitative content analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

The scoping review will synthesise patient-centred quality indicators and their characteristics as described in the literature. This review will be the first step to formally identify what quality indicators have been used to evaluate PCC across the healthcare continuum, and will be used to inform a stakeholder consensus process exploring the development of a generic set of patient-centred quality indicators applicable to multiple care settings. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and a one-day stakeholder meeting.
Exploring the adoption of Schwartz Center Rounds as an organisational innovation to improve staff well-being in England, 2009–2015
Authors: Robert Glenn , Philippou Julia , Leamy Mary , Reynolds Ellie , Ross Shilpa , Bennett Laura , Taylor Cath , Shuldham Caroline , Maben Jill
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Schwartz Center Rounds (‘Rounds’) are a multidisciplinary forum in which healthcare staff within an organisation discuss the psychological, emotional and social challenges associated with their work in a confidential and safe environment. Implemented in over 375 North American organisations, since 2009, they have been increasingly adopted in England. This study aimed to establish how many and what types of organisations have adopted Rounds in England, and to explore why they did so.

Setting

Public healthcare organisations in England.

Participants

Secondary data analysis was used to map and profile all 116 public healthcare organisations that had adopted Rounds in England by July 2015. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 45 Round coordinators within adopting organisations.

Results

The rate of adoption increased after a major national report in 2013. Rounds were typically adopted in order to improve staff well-being. Adopting organisations scored better on staff engagement than non-adopters; among adopting organisations, those performing better on patient experience were more likely to adopt earlier. Most adoption decision-making processes were straightforward. A confluence of factors—a generally favourable set of innovation attributes (including low cost), advocacy from opinion leaders in different professional networks, active dissemination by change agents and a felt need to be seen to be addressing staff well-being—initially led to Rounds being seen as ‘an idea whose time had come’. More recent adoption patterns have been shaped by the timing of charitable and other agency funding in specific geographical areas and sectors, as well as several forms of ‘mimetic pressure’.

Conclusions

The innate attributes of Rounds, favourable circumstances and the cumulative impact of a sequence of distinct informal and formal social processes have shaped the pattern of their adoption in England.
Visualising and quantifying ‘excess deaths’ in Scotland compared with the rest of the UK and the rest of Western Europe
Authors: Minton Jon , Shaw Richard , Green Mark A , Vanderbloemen Laura , Popham Frank , McCartney Gerry
Published: January 2017

Background

Scotland has higher mortality rates than the rest of Western Europe (rWE), with more cardiovascular disease and cancer among older adults; and alcohol-related and drug-related deaths, suicide and violence among younger adults.

Methods

We obtained sex, age-specific and year-specific all-cause mortality rates for Scotland and other populations, and explored differences in mortality both visually and numerically.

Results

Scotland's age-specific mortality was higher than the rest of the UK (rUK) since 1950, and has increased. Between the 1950s and 2000s, ‘excess deaths’ by age 80 per 100 000 population associated with living in Scotland grew from 4341 to 7203 compared with rUK, and from 4132 to 8828 compared with rWE. UK-wide mortality risk compared with rWE also increased, from 240 ‘excess deaths’ in the 1950s to 2320 in the 2000s. Cohorts born in the 1940s and 1950s throughout the UK including Scotland had lower mortality risk than comparable rWE populations, especially for males. Mortality rates were higher in Scotland than rUK and rWE among younger adults from the 1990s onwards suggesting an age–period interaction.

Conclusions

Worsening mortality among young adults in the past 30 years reversed a relative advantage evident for those born between 1950 and 1960. Compared with rWE, Scotland and rUK have followed similar trends but Scotland has started from a worse position and had worse working age–period effects in the 1990s and 2000s.
Comprehensive approach to the management of the patient with multiple rib fractures: a review and introduction of a bundled rib fracture management protocol
Authors: Witt Cordelie E , Bulger Eileen M
Published: January 2017

Rib fractures are common among patients sustaining blunt trauma, and are markers of severe bodily and solid organ injury. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality, including multiple pulmonary complications, and can lead to chronic pain and disability. Clinical and radiographic scoring systems have been developed at several institutions to predict risk of complications. Clinical strategies to reduce morbidity have been studied, including multimodal pain management, catheter-based analgesia, pulmonary hygiene, and operative stabilization. In this article, we review risk factors for morbidity and complications, intervention strategies, and discuss experience with bundled clinical pathways for rib fractures. In addition, we introduce the multidisciplinary rib fracture management protocol used at our level I trauma center.
Hooked on a career with fish
Authors: Brown Lydia
Published: January 2017

Lydia Brown tried many new hobbies while at vet school and found her favourite was scuba diving. That led to a lifelong passion for the sea ‘and everything in it’. Unsurprisingly, she soon found herself beginning a career in aquaculture
Probing anomalous Higgs couplings in H → ZV decays
Authors: Modak Tanmoy , Srivastava Rahul
Published: January 2017

We analyze the possibility of probing anomalous Higgs couplings in the rare decays H [Formula: see text] ZV, V being a vector quarkonium state. These rare decays involve both gauge as well as the Yukawa sectors and either of them can potentially be anomalous. We show that the branching fractions for H [Formula: see text] ZV decays in Standard Model (SM) are small, making it a sensitive probe for anomalous Higgs couplings originating from physics beyond SM. Moreover, as both V and Z can decay into pair of charged leptons, they provide experimentally clean channels and future LHC runs should observe such decays. We perform a model independent analysis and show how angular asymmetries can be used to probe these anomalous Higgs couplings, taking further decays of V and Z to pair of charged leptons into account. The angular asymmetries can provide significant information about anomalous Higgs couplings in both gauge and Yukawa sectors.
Bringing Architecture Thinking into Developers' Daily Activities
Authors: Galster Matthias , Mirakhorli Mehdi , Medvidovic Nenad
Published: January 2017

In software engineering there has traditionally been a distinction between high-level architecting and lower level implementation activities (e.g. coding and testing). Those who are developing and maintaining the software are often not engaged in early design activities. For example, software programmers tend to lack design and architecture skills and architects are often blamed for not knowing how to write good code and for not being involved in low-level implementation tasks. This results in software quality issues, software implementations that drifted from initial design, and incorrect or missing architectural decisions in the code. The continuous move towards reducing upfront architecture design efforts, and the popularity of practices such as test-driven development highlight the importance of enriching software implementation practices with new architecting notions, practices and tools. This was the topic of the First International Workshop on Bringing Architecture Design Thinking into Developers' Daily Activities. In this paper we summarize the workshop
Staged Symbolic Execution for Parallel Property Checking
Authors: Wen Junye , Yang Guowei
Published: January 2017

While annotating functional correctness properties of code, e.g., using assertions, enables automated conformance checking of program behaviors to expected properties and has found its use in many bug finding techniques, efficiently checking properties in practice remains challenging. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to distributing checking properties using staged symbolic execution, which consists of two stages: (1) the first stage searches for all feasible paths to the checked properties as targets for the second stage, and (2) the second stage distributes property checking along these target paths among multiple workers, each focusing on one or more paths depending on the available computing resources. We implement our approach on top of Symbolic PathFinder, and our experience with our approach in checking assertions annotated in two Java programs shows its effectiveness
Toward Understanding Work Characteristics in Software Engineering
Authors: de Magalhães Cleyton V.C.
Published: January 2017

Context: Work Design refers to how work is conceived, assigned across organizational levels, and structured into tasks performed by individuals or teams. Recent studies have argued that work characteristics need further investigation to improve our understanding of how to design work and tasks in this software engineering practice.
Goal:
The aim of this research is to explore work characteristics in software engineering research and to investigate the relationship between these characteristics and work outcomes. We expect that these results can lead us toward a proposal of an instrument for measuring work characteristics in software engineering and the understanding of how to use such measures to improve software development practice.
Method:
The methodological strategy to conduct this research includes a non-exact replication of two surveys performed in other fields. Further, we plan to execute the same survey, enlarging the sample and enhancing the procedures. We also intend to perform a qualitative research with a sample of the participants of the previous survey.
Current status:
This thesis proposal is in early stage of development. We divided this study in three phases: First, we carried out a non-exact replication of two surveys performed in other areas. Professionals of Brazilian software organizations composed our sample and this phase aimed to identify the work characteristics of software development and assess the potential relationships of these characteristics with work outcomes. The second step of this study aims to enlarge our sample by including international software professionals. We also intend to enhance the variability of software development roles of the professionals in our sample. Finally, we will perform qualitative research, which aims to triangulate data collected in the previous phases and deepen our understanding about work characteristics in software engineering
Environmental Big Data
Authors: Castelluccia Daniela , Caldarola Enrico G. , Boffoli Nicola
Published: January 2017

Big data sets and analytics are increasingly being used by government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and privatecompanies to forward environmental protection. Improving energy efficiency, promoting environmental justice, tracking climate change, and monitoring water quality are just a few of the objectives being furthered by the use of Big Data. The authors provide a more detailed analysis of the emerging evidence-based insights on Environmental Big Data (EBD), by applying the well-defined method of systematic mapping. The analysis of results throws light on the current open issues of Environmental Big Data. Moreover, different facets of the study can be combined nto answer more specific research questions. The report reveals the need for more empirical research able to provide new metrics measuring efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed analytics and new methods and tools supporting data processing workflow in EBD
RTFM-core
Authors: Lindner Marcus , Lindner Andreas , Lindgren Per
Published: January 2017

The course in Compiler Construction is part of the Computer Science masters program at Luleå University of Technology (LTU). Since the fall of 2014, the course is given by the Embedded Systems group. This paper outlines the course syllabus and its relation to CPS/IoT and embedded systems in general. In particular, the course introduces domain specific language design with the outset from the imperative RTFM-core language. Students are exposed to design choices for the language, spanning from programming model, compiler design issues, back-end tools, and even runtime environments. The intention is to give a holistic perspective and motivate the use of compilation techniques towards robust, efficient, and verifiable (embedded) software. Of course, developing basic skills is not overlooked and as part of the laboratory assignments, students extend the min-imalistic Object Oriented language RTFM-cOOre and develop the compiler accordingly targeting the RTFM-core language as an intermediate representation. As the RTFM-core/-cOOre compilers are implemented using OCaml/Men-hir, the students are also exposed to functional languages and to their advantages in the context of compiler construction. However, for their own development they may choose alternative design tools and languages. This gives us the opportunity to review and correlate achievements and efficiency to the choice of tools and languages and it is an outset for future course development.
Strategies and considerations in shaping cyber-physical systems education
Authors: Törngren Martin , Grimheden Martin Edin , Gustafsson Jonas , Birk Wolfgang
Published: January 2017

Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems education faces several challenges as well as opportunities as every-"thing" becomes connected, and as technology development accelerates. Initiatives such as CDIO, as well as several other academic and industry initiatives to create new CPS programs illustrate strong interests and awareness of these challenges. We provide an overview of foreseen educational needs, existing state of the art in education and an analysis of the subject of CPS with the purpose of understanding the implications for education. The investigation points to key issues in curriculum design regarding balancing depth and breadth, theory and practices, academic and industrial needs, and core technical skills with complementary skills. Curricula in CPS could, if the right balance is achieved, educate CPS engineers of the future that are "ready to engineer". We conclude by synthesizing high level guidelines in terms of strategies and considerations for CPS curriculum development.
A multi-robot search using LEGO mindstorms
Authors: Herber Paula , Klös Verena
Published: January 2017

Embedded software is concurrent, real-time dependent, typically networked, must meet strict resource and high quality requirements, and often runs on cheap hardware. Altogether, this makes the education of embedded software designers a difficult challenge. In this paper, we present an embedded software design project, where students have to develop a multi-robot search using Lego mindstorms. The main idea is to confront the students with all the spites that are typically present in embedded systems, while at the same time giving them an algorithmically non-trivial problem to solve. To this end, we let the students use a bio-inspired search algorithm (particle-swarm optimization) to detect survivors (led by cries for help) in an unknown disaster zone using a number of Lego Mindstorm robots. We have executed this project simultaneously at the University of Potsdam and TU Berlin and discuss results and evaluations. We think that this project is very well suited for the education of embedded software engineers.
xCPS
Authors: Adyanthaya Shreya , Ara Hadi Alizadeh , Bastos João , Behrouzian Amir , Sánchez Róbinson Medina , van Pinxten Joost , van der Sanden Bram , Waqas Umar , Basten Twan , Corporaal Henk , Frijns Raymond , Geilen Marc , Goswami Dip , Hendriks Martijn , Stuijk Sander , Reniers Michel , Voeten Jeroen
Published: January 2017

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) play an important role in the modern high-tech industry. Designing such systems is an especially challenging task due to the multi-disciplinary nature of these systems, and the range of abstraction levels involved. To facilitate hands-on experience with such systems, we develop a cyber-physical platform that aids in both research and education on CPS. This paper describes this platform, which contains all typical CPS components. The platform is used in various research and education projects for bachelor, master, and PhD students. We discuss the platform and illustrate its use with a number of projects and the educational opportunities they provide.
Autophagy: A Druggable Process
Authors: Morel Etienne , Mehrpour Maryam , Botti Joëlle , Dupont Nicolas , Hamaï Ahmed , Nascimbeni Anna Chiara , Codogno Patrice
Published: January 2017

Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is a vacuolar, lysosomal pathway for catabolism of intracellular material that is conserved among eukaryotic cells. Autophagy plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis, adaptation to stress situations, immune responses, and the regulation of the inflammatory response. Blockade or uncontrolled activation of autophagy is associated with cancer, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, autoimmune disease, infection, and chronic inflammatory disease. During the past decade, researchers have made major progress in understanding the three levels of regulation of autophagy in mammalian cells: signaling, autophagosome formation, and autophagosome maturation and lysosomal degradation. As we discuss in this review, each of these levels is potentially druggable, and, depending on the indication, may be able to stimulate or inhibit autophagy. We also summarize the different modulators of autophagy and their potential and limitations in the treatment of life-threatening diseases.
Cardiomyocyte-specific ablation of CD36 accelerates the progression from compensated cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure
Authors: Sung Miranda M. , Byrne Nikole J. , Kim Ty T. , Levasseur Jody , Masson Grant , Boisvenue Jamie J. , Febbraio Maria , Dyck Jason R. B.
Published: January 2017

Previous studies have shown that loss of CD36 protects the heart from dysfunction induced by pressure overload in the presence of diet-induced insulin resistance and/or obesity. The beneficial effects of CD36 ablation in this context are mediated by preventing excessive cardiac fatty acid (FA) entry and reducing lipotoxic injury. However, whether or not the loss of CD36 can prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction in the absence of chronic exposure to high circulating FAs is presently unknown. To address this, we utilized a tamoxifen-inducible cardiomyocyte-specific CD36 knockout (icCD36KO) mouse and genetically deleted CD36 in adulthood. Control mice (CD36 floxed/floxed mice) and icCD36KO mice were treated with tamoxifen and subsequently subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to generate pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Consistent with CD36 mediating a significant proportion of FA entry into the cardiomyocyte and subsequent FA utilization for ATP production, hearts from icCD36KO mice were metabolically inefficient and displayed signs of energetic stress, including activation of the energetic stress kinase, AMPK. In addition, impaired energetics in icCD36KO mice contributed to a rapid progression from compensated hypertrophy to heart failure. However, icCD36KO mice fed a medium-chain FA diet, whereby medium-chain FAs can enter into the cardiomyocyte independent from CD36, were protected from TAC-induced heart failure. Together these data suggest that limiting FA uptake and partial inhibition of FA oxidation in the heart via CD36 ablation may be detrimental for the compensated hypertrophic heart in the absence of sufficiently elevated circulating FAs to provide an adequate energy source.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Limiting CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake in the setting of obesity and/or insulin resistance protects the heart from cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. However, cardiomyocyte-specific CD36 ablation in the absence of elevated circulating fatty acid levels accelerates the progression of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy to systolic heart failure.
Dysregulated Nox4 ubiquitination contributes to redox imbalance and age-related severity of acute lung injury
Authors: Palumbo Sunmi , Shin Yoon-Joo , Ahmad Kareem , Desai Ankit A. , Quijada Hector , Mohamed Mohamed , Knox Adam , Sammani Saad , Colson Brett A. , Wang Ting , Garcia Joe G. N. , Hecker Louise
Published: January 2017

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating critical illness disproportionately affecting the elderly population, with both higher incidence and mortality. The integrity of the lung endothelial cell (EC) monolayer is critical for preservation of lung function. However, mechanisms mediating EC barrier regulation in the context of aging remain unclear. We assessed the severity of acute lung injury (ALI) in young (2 mo) and aged (18 mo) mice using a two-hit preclinical model. Compared with young cohorts, aged mice exhibited increased ALI severity, with greater vascular permeability characterized by elevated albumin influx and levels of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells (neutrophils) and protein. Aged/injured mice also demonstrated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the BAL, which was associated with upregulation of the ROS–generating enzyme, Nox4. We evaluated the role of aging in human lung EC barrier regulation utilizing a cellular model of replicative senescence. Senescent EC populations were defined by increases in β-galactosidase activity and p16 levels. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, senescent ECs demonstrate exacerbated permeability responses compared with control “young” ECs. LPS challenge led to a rapid induction of Nox4 expression in both control and senescent ECs, which was posttranslationally mediated via the proteasome/ubiquitin system. However, senescent ECs demonstrated deficient Nox4 ubiquitination, resulting in sustained expression of Nox4 and alterations in cellular redox homeostasis. Pharmacological inhibition of Nox4 in senescent ECs reduced LPS-induced alterations in permeability. These studies provide insight into the roles of Nox4/senescence in EC barrier responses and offer a mechanistic link to the increased incidence and mortality of ARDS associated with aging.
Activation of bitter taste receptors in pulmonary nociceptors sensitizes TRPV1 channels through the PLC and PKC signaling pathway
Authors: Gu Qihai (David) , Joe Deanna S. , Gilbert Carolyn A.
Published: January 2017

Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs), a G protein-coupled receptor family capable of detecting numerous bitter-tasting compounds, have recently been shown to be expressed and play diverse roles in many extraoral tissues. Here we report the functional expression of T2Rs in rat pulmonary sensory neurons. In anesthetized spontaneously breathing rats, intratracheal instillation of T2R agonist chloroquine (10 mM, 0.1 ml) significantly augmented chemoreflexes evoked by right-atrial injection of capsaicin, a specific activator for transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), whereas intravenous infusion of chloroquine failed to significantly affect capsaicin-evoked reflexes. In patch-clamp recordings with isolated rat vagal pulmonary sensory neurons, pretreatment with chloroquine (1−1,000 µM, 90 s) concentration dependently potentiated capsaicin-induced TRPV1-mediated inward currents. Preincubating with diphenitol and denatonium (1 mM, 90 s), two other T2R activators, also enhanced capsaicin currents in these neurons but to a lesser extent. The sensitizing effect of chloroquine was effectively prevented by the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 (1 µM) or by the protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine (10 µM). In summary, our study showed that activation of T2Rs augments capsaicin-evoked TRPV1 responses in rat pulmonary nociceptors through the phospholipase C and protein kinase C signaling pathway.
Smad2 Phosphorylation in Diabetic Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Is Associated with Modulation of Several Transforming Growth Factor-β Family Members
Authors: Høj Thomsen Lise , Fog-Tonnesen Morten , Nielsen Fink Lisbeth , Norlin Jenny , de Vinuesa Amaya García , Krarup Hansen Troels , de Heer Emile , ten Dijke Peter , Rosendahl Alexander
Published: January 2017

Background: The role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has recently gained much attention in diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis. In this study, we extend this to an assessment of transcriptional regulation of the entire TGF-β superfamily in kidneys from diabetic vs. healthy mice. In order to study the translation between mouse model and patients, we evaluated the signature of phosphorylated Sma- and Mad-related protein 2 (pSmad2), as molecular marker of TGF-β/activin activity, in the kidneys of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice compared to that of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. Methods: Patterns of pSmad2 were determined in kidneys from T1D patients with progressed diabetic nephropathy (DN), defined by hyperglycemia, microalbuminuria, and increased levels of serum creatinine. They were compared to changes seen in the STZ-induced DN mouse model. This was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with an antibody specific for pSmad2. Diabetic mice were also characterized by pSmad1/5/8 (IHC), pSmad2/3 (flow cytometry), and TGF-β family members including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-like proteins (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction [qPCR]). Results: Renal tubules in DN patients and in STZ mice showed upregulation of pSmad2 concomitant with significantly enlarged distal tubule lumens (p < 0.0001). Renal-derived CD11b+ cells from STZ mice showed elevated pSmad2/3, while endothelial cells had reduced pSmad2/3 levels. No pSmad1/5/8 was observed in the tubule compartment of STZ-treated mice. On total kidney mRNA level, a signature favoring activation of the TGF-β/activin pathway and inhibition of the BMP pathway was demonstrated by qPCR. Conclusion: Although the pre-clinical DN model lacks the features of fibrosis present in human DN, both species show induction of a local milieu favoring pSmad2 signaling, which may be useful as a disease biomarker in pre-clinical models.
Surgery: Modified Pi with Triple-Bonnet Flap and Fronto-Orbital Advancement
Authors: Singh Raswan Uday , Singh Chhiber Sarbjit , Ramzan Altaf Umar
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more of the cranial sutures and can occur as part of a syndrome or as an isolated defect. Pansynostosis is a rare form of craniosynostosis that involves premature fusion of all the cranial sutures (coronal, sagittal, metopic, and occipital). Particularly in cases of late presentation, there are heightened clinical concerns, both functional and aesthetic. In untreated cases of pansynostosis and increased intracranial pressure, optic nerve damage progresses to optic atrophy and then blindness. Objectives: Cranial vault reconstruction is the standard surgical treatment. We attempt to highlight the importance of modifying the osteotomies and reshaping of the cranial vault based on individual requirements in order to achieve the best possible result and to prevent catastrophic blood loss. Method and Results: We present a case of modified pi with triple-bonnet flap and fronto-orbital advancement, an individual modification of the techniques of cranial vault reconstruction, in a patient with pansynostosis with optic atrophy. Conclusion: The technical variation can be applied to any case of pansynostosis requiring cranial vault reconstruction.
Plasmapheresis for Refractory Pruritus due to Drug-Induced Cholestasis
Authors: Al-Azzawi Hasan , Patel Ruchi , Sood Gagan , Kapoor Sumit
Published: January 2017

Pruritus can be a distressing symptom seen in various cholestatic disorders. It is treated with
medications like bile acid sequestrants. Drug-induced cholestasis usually resolves with
withdrawal of the causative medication. We describe a case of refractory pruritus due to drug-induced cholestasis, not improved with withdrawal of the drug, managed effectively with
multiple sessions of plasmapheresis.
An Unusual Case of Rectal and Ileal Carcinoid Tumors
Authors: Abdulsamad Molham , Abbas Naeem , Balar Bhavna
Published: January 2017

Carcinoid tumor is the most common neuroendocrine tumor affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The coexistence of multifocal carcinoid lesions is a well-established phenomenon. Although intubation of the terminal ileum is not routinely attempted during colonoscopy, it can occasionally reveal the presence of some incidental findings. We present a patient with known rectal carcinoid, who was found to have another carcinoid lesion in the terminal ileum during surveillance colonoscopy. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy, and no chemotherapy was required as the patient was found to have stage 1 carcinoid tumor.
Compliance with Dietary Guidelines and Increased Fortification Can Double Vitamin D Intake: A Simulation Study
Authors: Harika Rajwinder K. , Dötsch-Klerk Mariska , Zock Peter L. , Eilander Ans
Published: January 2017

Objective: The study aimed to determine the potential of compliance with Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) and increased vitamin D fortification to meet the recommended intake level of vitamin D at 10 µg/day based on minimal exposure to sunlight. Methods: The main dietary sources of vitamin D were derived from national dietary surveys in adults from United Kingdom (UK) (n = 911), Netherlands (NL) (n = 1,526), and Sweden (SE) (n = 974). The theoretical increase in population vitamin D intake was simulated for the following: (1) compliance with FBDG, (2) increased level of vitamin D in commonly fortified foods, and (3) combination of both. Results: Median usual vitamin D intake was 2.4 (interquartile range 1.7-3.4) µg/day in UK, 3.4 (2.7-4.2) µg/day in NL, and 5.3 (3.9-7.3) µg/day in SE. The top 3 dietary sources of vitamin D were fish, fat-based spreads (margarines), and meat. Together, these delivered up to two-thirds of total vitamin D intake on average. Compliance with FBDG for fish, margarine, and meat increased vitamin D intake to 4.6 (4.1-5.1) µg/day in UK, 5.2 (4.9-5.5) µg/day in NL, and 7.7 (7.0-8.5) µg/day in SE. Doubling the vitamin D levels in margarines and milk would increase vitamin D intake to 4.9 (3.6-6.5) µg/day in UK, 6.6 (4.8-8.6) µg/day in NL, and 7.2 (5.2-9.8) µg/day in SE. Combining both scenarios would increase vitamin D intake to 7.9 (6.8-9.2) µg/day in UK, 8.8 (7.4-10.4) µg/day in NL, and 8.9 (6.9-11.8) µg/day in SE. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of dietary measures to double the current vitamin D intake in adults.
High-Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diet-Induced Gender-Specific Serum Lipid Profile Changes Are Associated with LEPR Polymorphisms in Chinese Youth
Authors: Tang Hui , Zhang Zhen , Li ZhengKe , Lin Jia , Fang Ding Zhi
Published: January 2017

Background/Aims: The study aimed to investigate the interactions of genetic variants in the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene with lipid profile changes following a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet in a Chinese Han population. Methods: Fifty-six healthy young subjects were given washout diets, followed by HC/LF diets consisting of 15% fat and 70% carbohydrate for 6 days. Serum lipid profiles and insulin levels before and after HC/LF diets were analyzed. Results: Statistically elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-I), and insulin levels were only observed in the GG genotype of LEPR Lys109Arg but not in the A carriers after HC/LF diet. When gender was taken into account, significantly increased HDL-C, apoA-I, and insulin levels were found in women with the GG genotype. Moreover, lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and higher insulin levels were only observed in subjects with the GG genotype of LEPR Gln223Arg, while higher HDL-C and apoA-I were only found in the A allele carriers. Additionally, the lower LDL-C and body mass index (BMI), and higher HDL-C and insulin levels were only observed in subjects with the GG genotype of LEPR Lys656Asn. Conclusions:LEPR polymorphisms contribute to the heterogeneities in BMI, LDL-C, and HDL-C responsiveness that are induced by a HC/LF diet in healthy young Chinese adults.
Performance Estimation of the Mtd64-ng DNS64 implementation
Authors: Lencse Gábor
Published: January 2017

DNS64 and NAT64 are IPv6 transition technologies enabling IPv6 only clients to communicate with IPv4 only servers. Mtd64-ng is a novel DNS64 implementation, being a successor of MTD64. In this paper, the performance of mtd64-ng is compared with that of MTD64 and BIND. The details of the measurements are fully disclosed. It is found that under heavy load conditions mtd64-ng can answer six times as many “AAAA” record requests per second than BIND. Mtd64-ng fixed two issues of MTD64 and also outperformed its predecessor by answering 46% more “AAAA” record requests per second under heavy load conditions.
O Modesto Contributo do Turismo Rural no Douro, Portugal: um estudo baseado nos promotores e na oferta turística
Authors: Pato Lúcia
Published: January 2017

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar as características e motivações dos promotores de turismo no espaço rural no Douro, bem como a oferta de atividades de animação turística proporcionada nos empreendimentos. Tendo com base um inquérito por questionário e estatísticas descritivas, evidencia-se que o produto turístico é desenvolvido principalmente por promotores com certo perfil socioeconómico: idade acima dos 45 anos, rendimento mensal elevado e pouca dedicação à unidade turística. Acresce que esses promotores, no geral, não têm formação na área turística e que antes de abrir o empreendimento não tinham qualquer experiência no ramo. A motivação principal para a criação do empreendimento terá sido a recuperação e preservação do património edificado. Adicionalmente, o estudo mostra que o turismo rural está ainda pouco enraizado na região, sendo escassas as atividades de animação turística baseadas nas tradições e cultura locais e as ligações à comunidade local. Conclui-se, pois, que o contributo para o desenvolvimento da região é modesto.
Globalizando o olhar do turista, de John Urry
Authors: Otto Natália
Published: January 2017

Originalmente publicado em: URRY, John. 'Globalizing the Tourist Gaze'. Cityscapes Conference, Graz, 2001.
In Memoriam: John Urry (1946-2016)
Authors: Freire-Medeiros Bianca
Published: January 2017

In Memoriam: John Urry (1946-2016).
O turismo num mundo de mobilidades
Authors: Freire-Medeiros Bianca , Pinho Patricia de Santana
Published: January 2017

Apresentação.
Turismo em favelas: notas etnográficas sobre um debate em curso
Authors: Moraes Camila
Published: January 2017

As favelas do Rio de Janeiro têm sido alvo de intensa visitação turística desde os anos 2000. Se antes esse turismo se concentrava na Rocinha, paradigmática favela turística, hoje expande-se para outras favelas da cidade, e tal expansão vem acompanhada da ampliação do debate sobre esse tipo específico de turismo. Neste artigo, analiso três eventos de disputa em torno do tema “turismo em favelas”, ocorridos entre 2014 e 2015: a série de debates “Fala Vidigal!”; o I Congresso de Turismo de Base Comunitária da Rocinha; e o Grupo de Trabalho (GT) sobre Turismo em Favelas na Câmara dos Vereadores do Rio de Janeiro. Os três eventos se apresentaram como interessantes cenários para observação participante e análise dos discursos sobre turismo em favela, tanto por parte da academia, como também por parte de empreendedores externos, empreendedores locais, moradores de favelas e órgãos públicos.
Em busca das mobilidades turísticas
Authors: Allis Thiago
Published: January 2017

As formas de mobilidade associadas ao turismo contemporâneo são ilustrativas de uma “vida social móvel”, definida cada vez mais pela lógica da “hipermobilidade” – não raro glamourizada e quase sempre excludente – em diversas escalas, com efeitos variados e implicações nos campos ambientais, fisiológicos, psicológicos, emocionais, atitudinais, identitários, sociais e teórico-metodológicos. Nestes termos, este ensaio pretende identificar, organizar e analisar algumas contribuições teóricas que permitam leituras sobre expressões e perspectivas das mobilidades turísticas no bojo de um “paradigma das novas mobilidades”. Discute-se uma suposta tendência de “de-diferenciação” da atividade, em que o ordinário (cotidiano) e o extraordinário (turismo) se confundem. De maneira ilustrativa, trata-se de aspectos das mobilidades turísticas no contexto brasileiro, em face de transformações socioeconômicas e seu rebatimento na dinâmica do turismo.
A imagem de Lyon nos guias de viagem (1900-1950): uma abordagem geo-histórica das representações urbanas
Authors: Petermann Damien
Published: January 2017

O guia de viagem impresso é de grande importância para o estudo da imagem da cidade. Através de um corpus contendo quatro coleções de guias, esta pesquisa se interessa pelos meios de construção e evolução da imagem turística de Lyon na primeira metade do século XX. A evolução das representações espaciais lionesas ao longo do tempo pode ser analisada através da busca e da identificação precisas das mudanças no discurso turístico dos guias, principalmente o aparecimento e o desaparecimento de objetos de uma edição a outra. As informações espaciais extraídas dos guias do corpus são integradas num Sistema de Informações Geográficas – SIG, o que permite realizar diferentes tratamentos e cruzamentos de dados. É possível, por exemplo, espacializar os itinerários de visita presentes nos guias.
A educação para as relações étnico-raciais e os estudos sobre racismo no Brasil
Authors: Silva Roberto Da , Tobias Juliano Da Silva
Published: January 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer a revisão bibliográfica de alguns dos estudos clássicos sobre as relações raciais no Brasil. A revisão engloba o período do início dos anos 30 do século XX até os trabalhos mais recentes, que têm em comum o fato de caracterizarem a discriminação racial como fator importante para a manutenção das desigualdades raciais, reunindo argumentos que fundamentam as reflexões quanto à necessidade da adoção de políticas de ação afirmativa no Brasil, bem como os argumentos que consideram que a pobreza e a desigualdade são os fatores principais que contribuem para a marginalização do negro. Passar a limpo tais teorias e conceitos constitui contribuição significativa para dar efetividade às Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para a educação das relações étnico-raciais e para o ensino de história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana.
Metodologia para um saber e um fazer geo-histórico: análise de espacialidades pretéritas utilizando instrumentos computacionais
Authors: Dutenkefer Eduardo
Published: January 2017

Utilizando instrumentos computacionais, apresentamos neste trabalho uma proposta  metodológica para análise de mapas antigos com ênfase em três aspectos: sua geometria, seu georreferenciamento e sua vetorização. Diferentemente de outras metodologias orientadas na precisão cartográfica e em posições absolutas, esta opta por propor um georreferenciamento relativo, isto é, estabelecer relações de feições, lugares e trajetórias que o mapa antigo possa manter com os mapas contemporâneos sem, contudo, distorcer significativamente as feições originais do mapa em estudo.
Leibniz: expressão e característica universal
Authors: Lacerda Tessa Moura
Published: January 2017

A crítica de Leibniz à prova a priori da existência de Deus, retomada de Anselmo por Descartes, resume-se à observação de que, antes de admitir a existência de um ser perfeitíssimo, é preciso provar a possibilidade d noção de um tal ser; e, para isso, é preciso mostrar a compatibilidade entre as perfeições divinas. A prova é correta, mas incompleta. Leibniz jamais completou essa prova, com exceção de um texto escrito em 1676, porque, para isso, precisaria lançar mão de sua Característica universal, cujos elementos seriam os pensamentos simples que exprimiriam as formas simples ou perfeições divinas. O projeto de criação de uma língua formal ou Característica universal, embora tenha permanecido inacabado, jamais foi abandonado por Leibniz. Todavia, ao delinear o projeto, Leibniz esclarece que a Característica explicaria com exatidão as verdades necessárias, mas não as verdades contingentes (as quais poderiam ser admitidas com alta probabilidade, mas não com exatidão). Ora, se fosse possível provar a compatibilidade entre as perfeições divinas,seria também necessário explicar como a incompatiblidade entre os mundos possíveis se origina dessa compatibilidade primordial; seria preciso explicar como o contingente nasce do interior do necessário.
Descartes e a "reflexão espessa": uma leitura Merleau-Pontiana do dualismo cartesiano
Authors: Ramos Silvana De Souza
Published: January 2017

O artigo investiga os impasses do dualismo cartesiano a partir das reflexões de Merleau-Ponty acerca do papel do corpo na experiência.
Formação da razão na ética de Espinosa, segundo Deleuze
Authors: Rocha André Menezes
Published: January 2017

Este artigo é parte de um estudo mais amplo que tem como eixo a formação das noções comuns e a definição da razão na Ética de Espinosa. Neste artigo, examino a questão a partir da leitura de Gilles Deleuze em Espinoza e o problema daxpressão.
Causalidade e representação em Berkeley: os dados imediatos da subjetividade
Authors: Zunino Pablo Enrique Abraham
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a relação entre ser e perceber a partir da análise do princípio central da filosofia de George Berkeley - esse est percipi -, conforme é apresentado na obra A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge (1710). Para desenvolver essa análise e seguindo o tratamento dado por Grayling à fundamentação desse princípio, pretendemos mostrar que os argumentos de Berkeley se dispõem em três níveis: o estritamente empírico (sense data); o fenômenico (mundo da experiência ordinária); e o metafísico que, em última instânci, explica os dois anteriores.
Intersubjetividade e transindividualidade a partir de Leibniz e Espinosa
Authors: Morfino Vittorio , Souza Herivelto Pereira de
Published: January 2017

Um dos mal-entendidos mais persistentes que cercam a filosofia leibniziana consiste, sem dúvida, em querer ver nela uma forma de espinosismo. Por outro lado, toda oposição que se faz entre Leibniz e Espinosa no plano teórico aparentemente não ultrapassa a visão hegeliana da relação entre os dois filósofos como oposição entre universalidade e individualidade. Pretende-se aqui, diferentemente, confrontar os dois filósofos em relação à questão da individualidade confrontando os seus prolongamentos teóricos do século XX. De um lado, a intersubjetividade husserliana como prolongamento teórico da monadologia; de outro, o conceito simondoniano de transindividualidade que, com Balibar, permite-nos prolongar o pensamento espinosano na contemporaneidade. Tentar-se-á marcar toda a distância que separa estes dois sistemas segundo uma abordagem que não se limita a repetir o velho refrão hegeliano.
O “privilégio do pensamento”: um ensaio de interpretação
Authors: Gainza Mariana De
Published: January 2017

Consideramos neste artigo uma forma particular da “batalha de idéias” que diferenciamos de outras formas de confrontação aberta, como a refutação. Trata-se de uma modalidade mais sutil, que procura incidir nos pesos relativos dos componentes teóricos de certas concepções. Associamos esta forma da produção teórica com a crítica materialista, o que nos permite conectar os esforços teóricos de Espinosa e de Marx, e também arriscar uma interpretação de uma tese polêmica – relativa ao privilégio do atributo pensamento – que Deleuze elabora na sua leitura da Ética.
Imanência e amor na filosofia de Espinosa
Authors: Ezcurdia José
Published: January 2017

O texto apresenta uma interpretação pouco comum da filosofia de Espinosa, pois recupera não só os elementos propriamente modernos sobre que ela se constitui, mas também a peculiar apropriação que o filósofo realiza de conceitos ligados à tradição neoplatônico-cristã como vida, amor Dei intellectualis, caridade ou a própria figura de Cristo consignados em sua correspondência. Neste sentido, a explicitação do conteúdo e da relação entre os conceitos de imanência e de amor surge como ponto de apoio para sublinhar que a doutrina de Espinosa articula-se ao levar a cabo uma renovação de algumas das mais arcaicas posições religiosas judaico-cristãs — a concepção do amor ao outro como divinização do homem em Deus e como realização de Deus no homem, fundamentalmente —, que satisfazem as diretrizes de uma Modernidade que na afirmação da autonomia do sujeito encontra um dos pilares que asseguram sua emergência.
Sobre a definição de democracia no tratado teológico político
Authors: Rocha André Menezes
Published: January 2017

Este texto examina, com brevidade, o sentido definição de democracia no capítulo 16 do Tratado Teológico-Político. Num primeiro momento, faço uma pequena história dos estudos, no século passado, acerca da forma do discurso político do TTP. Em seguida, passo à interrogação do sentido da definição de democracia e da lógica geométrica que estrutura o discurso político de Espinosa. Com fundamento no décimo sexto capítulo, podemos dizer que a essência da democracia é anterior tanto ontológica como históricamente às essências dos outros regimes e que esta anterioridade, no caso do exame da história hebraica, também é cronológica. Isso pode significar que, desde o Tratado TeológicoPolítico, toda a política de Espinosa está fundamentada na definição da essência da democracia.