bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Reservoir Management Workflows to Identify Candidates and Rank Opportunities for Production Enhancement and Cost Optimization in a Giant Field in Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Mata Carlos , Saputelli Luigi , Badmaev Dorzhi , Zhao Wenyang , Mohan Richard , Gönczi David , Schweiger Andreas , Manasipov Roman , Schweiger Georg , Krenn Lisa , Toumi Oussema
Published: August 2021

As the field matures and overall field production decline, an accelerated and advanced selection of existing wells for workovers and sidetracks would be critical to meet with the increasing demand for production. Traditionally, an intensive effort is required to identify the right candidates and to ensure the technical and economic success of well interventions, infill-drilling locations and sidetrack locations.

An advanced workflow is developed to automate the repetitive and less added value tasks such as data gathering and validation. The data set included historical production performance, static and dynamic reservoir and fluid properties, events and issues encountered within the evaluated wells and regions. The proposed solution allowed an integrated assessment of production enhancement opportunities through various consistent analytic computations, as well as machine learning techniques including Bayesian networks and time-series forecasting models.

The automated process generates a comprehensive list of future well interventions including sidetrack candidates, infill-drilling locations and behind casing opportunities with an advanced scoring system and several technical (production performance and reserves) and financial KPIs (i.e. net present value and unit technical cost). Several dashboards built and adjusted with the involvement of various company departments. Lastly, highly ranked opportunities are incorporated into the business plan in accordance to field development targets as well as the availability technical resources (rigs, materials, well availability).

The developed solution was tested and validated in a giant mature carbonate field with over 700 well strings in Offshore Abu Dhabi. The solution identified 20 times more feasible opportunities than the typical multidisciplinary team review in 75% less time duration. The automated workflows considered re-evaluating and selecting prime candidates with a reduced risk of failure, therefore improving the technical and economic value by 34%. The workflows are scheduled on daily basis giving a time-dependent assessment and expert monitoring system, which can also notify the operator when problems encountered. Instead of computationally heavy traditional numerical simulation models, the assessment of a large number of well count can be done within hours instead of months.

The combination of physics and machine learning based models lead to the development of automated workflows to rank and determine the best candidates via a successful cost optimization and production enhancement.
High Production Well Operating Plant in a Traditional Design: Piping & Instrumentation Challenges
Authors: Veiga Jordana Luiza Barbosa da Costa , Chaves Antonio Jose Renno , Silva Breno De Souza e , Lima Ivan Noville Rocha Correa , Porto Jr Pereira Ilvan , Jr Teixeira Gilberto , Costa Aldir Pimentel da
Published: August 2021

During the exploration design phase of recent pre-salt development in Santos Basin, it was identified great potential for the production of some wells, generating great expectation by how it would perform in the production phase, above the average of 30,000 bpd. The Subsea and Topside design were developed based on this expectation and therefore, diameters were limited considering the premises of 45,000 bpd production from the well to the FPSO.

As a result of first oil production the expectation not only became a reality but also was largely supersede, confirming a very high production potential of up to 65,000 bpd per well, some of which are at the world top list of highest production wells for deep and ultra-deep waters.

Despite the outstanding high potential of the well, full production was then, not able to be achieved due to limitations considered in the design's premises of 45,000 bpd per well, what overcome the already great expectation.

In this scenario, there was intense effort to make the real production potential of the wells viable. To fit the design to the new dynamic flow conditions, a multidisciplinary technical assessment team was mobilized involving several disciplines such as: Subsea Equipment, Wells, Risers, Process, Piping, Instrumentation and Automation, in addition to Operational Safety, a non-negotiable value.

After technical discussions between those different disciplines, alternative proposals were raised that could make possible a safe operation under this new challenging condition.

The defined actions were implemented and currently the wells already operate on high levels of production. On the FPSO with those high production wells, due to this individual increase in the production, whose potentials exceed by 45% the design capacity, generating a significant increase in the profitability of the asset, contributing to revenues anticipation in the company's cash flow.

This article presents the piping and instrumentation study to deal with a high flow velocity issue. The methodology adopted to overcome the challenges in vibration and erosion considered an unusual design approach, leading to some field test to check the effectiveness of the solution. This alternative approach allowed this increment in production rate per well piping branch.
World First All-Electric Intelligent Completion System with Permanent Monitoring to Evaluate Injection Performance in a Mature Injector Well
Authors: Sanchez Walter , Coronel Iván , Mora Edgar , Giosa Carlos , Satizabal Monica , Leal Javier , Solorzano Pedro , Castañeda Luis , Mantilla Gabriel , Nazarenko Pavel , Avella Oscar , Joseph Paul
Published: August 2021

Traditional waterflooding methods in heavy oil fields can lead to several problems including reductions of swapping efficiency, channeling of injected water, and low values of recovery factor. These problems are often made worse by other critical factors such as lack of real-time data, operational incidents during injection profile calibration, and complexity of interventions in the existing wells. An innovative solution was implemented in a four-zone injector well in a heavy oil field in Colombia consisting of four intelligent electric valves controlled remotely and distributed fiber optic monitoring to calculate injected flow per zone in real-time. This system allowed the operator to increase oil production in the associated producer wells and eliminate rig-less interventions.

The first installation of an All-Electric intelligent completion with distributed fiber optic monitoring was successfully deployed in a complex existing injector well without HSE incidents nor deviations in time and cost. After one year of operation, the system increased production in corresponding producer wells by 62% and saved 30% of operational costs. Additionally, the completion design has improved the injection performance which means that the system requires less injected water to produce the same amount of oil. All these results were possible thanks to the use of a more efficient injection completion and the use of real-time data to make on-time decisions.

The importance of this implementation is that it demonstrated that this type of technology not only solves different challenges of the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) strategies of mature fields but also brings additional value in terms of oil production, injection performance, and reduction in operational costs. In this way, this application showed that an intelligent completion - usually expensive in terms of initial investment - is financially viable to implement in mature existing wells with limited CAPEX availability.

This paper will present the implementation of an intelligent well completion system that uses permanent distributed fiber optics to monitor water injection in 4 independent zones. The document will also include details regarding the reasons to install this technology in a mature field, well and technology selection, intelligent completion design, and installation. Results will be compared to conventional completion for injector wells that depends on rig-less intervention to measure and regulate injected flow per zone.
Attitudes toward Risk-Reducing Mastectomy and Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy among Young, Unmarried, Healthy Women in Korea
Authors: Park Boyoung , Kim Dongwon , Kim Jiyoung , Lee Bom Yi , Yoon Junghyun , Kim Sung-Won
Published: August 2021

Purpose This study investigated the attitudes toward risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) and risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) as cancer prevention options for BRCA1/2 carriers in healthy, young, unmarried Korean women.Materials and Methods A nationally representative sample of 600 women, aged 20-39 years, completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, preference for genetic testing, and intention to undergo risk-reducing surgeries after receiving information on the cancer risk of BRCA1/2 mutations and benefits of risk-reducing surgeries.Results A total of 54.7% and 57.7% had the intention to undergo RRM and RRSO, respectively, on the assumption that they were BRCA1/2 carriers. Older age and no intention to undergo genetic testing were associated with a reduced likelihood of undergoing RRM (odds ratio [OR], 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14 to 0.61 for age 35-39 years and OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.62 for no intention for genetic testing) and RRSO (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.79 for age 35-39 years and OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.53 for no intention for genetic testing). Women who chose to be single were likely to undergo risk-reducing surgeries (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.60 for RRM and OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.44 for RRSO).Conclusion More than 50% of healthy, unmarried, young Korean women were inclined to undergo prophylactic surgeries if they were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Further studies on decision-making process for cancer prevention in individuals at high risk for cancer need to be conducted.
Importance of Community-Level Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Owoyemi Ayomide , Okolie Elvis Anyaehiechukwu , Omitiran Kasarachi , Amaechi Uchenna Anderson , Sodipo Babasola Olufemi , Ajumobi Olufemi , Nnaji Chukwudi Ernest , Okedo-Alex Ijeoma Nkem
Published: August 2021

Community-level strategies are important in ensuring adequate control of disease outbreaks especially in sub-Saharan African countries. Learning from public health responses to previous infectious disease outbreaks is important in shaping these responses to COVID-19. This study aims to highlight and summarize the evidence from community-level interventions during infectious disease outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We conducted a scoping review of published literature on community-level interventions and strategies adopted in different infectious disease outbreaks in SSA. To obtain relevant studies, we searched EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar in August 2020. Our search was based on the combination of keywords such as coronavirus, flu, Ebola, community, rural, strategies, impact, effectiveness, feasibility, Africa, developing countries, and SSA. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected and synthesized under the following distinct themes: health education, sensitization, and communications; surveillance; and service delivery. Our review highlights community-based strategies that have been tried and tested with varying outcomes for different outbreaks in different sub-Saharan African communities, we believe they will inform the selection of strategies to adopt in managing the COVID-19 pandemic at the community level. The important aspects of these strategies were highlighted, requirements for successful implementation and the possible challenges that might be encountered were also discussed. Achieving control of the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan African communities, will require concerted community-based and community-led strategies, which in turn rely on the availability of necessary socioeconomic resources, and the contextual adaption of these interventions.
The Effect of Weight Cycling on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Women
Authors: ORAL Emel Aydan , KIZILTAN Gül
Published: August 2021

Aim: This study aims to examine weight cycling causes cardiometabolic risks in women.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 60 volunteer women between the ages of 25-45 years who applied to Baskent University Hospital Endocrine Department for weight control. Individuals were applied a questionnaire face to face. Some biochemical parameters were taken from the patient files and anthropometric measurements were evaluated by dietitian. The individuals participating in the study were divided into two groups as those who experienced weight cycling (n: 20) and those who did not (n: 40).
Results: The mean BMI was 31.6 ± 4.76 kg/m2 in the weight cyclers and 25.4 ± 4.49 kg/m2 in non-cyclers (p<0.05). The mean waist and hip circumference, waist / hip ratio, total body fat percentage and fat mass were higher in the weight cyclers compared to the non-cyclers (p<0.05). The mean total cholesterol level was 202.2 ± 44.05 mg/dL and 178.1 ± 3 3.39 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol level was 140.0 ± 40.29 mg/dL and 114.1 ± 28.99 mg/dL, triglyceride level was 129.0 ± 39.52 mg/dl and 99.3 ± 38.37 mg/dL in the weight cyclers and non-cyclers groups, respectively (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Weight cycling may be considered as a cardiometabolic risk factor.
A high-quality draft genome for Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree): a new platform for evolutionary genomics of myrtaceous terpene-rich species
Authors: Voelker Julia , Shepherd Mervyn , Mauleon Ramil
Published: August 2021

The economically important Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) is the source of a terpene-rich essential oil with therapeutic and cosmetic uses around the world. Tea tree has been cultivated and bred in Australia since the 1990s. It has been extensively studied for the genetics and biochemistry of terpene biosynthesis. Here, we report a high quality de novo genome assembly using Pacific Biosciences and Illumina sequencing. The genome was assembled into 3128 scaffolds with a total length of 362 Mb (N50  = 1.9 Mb), with significantly higher contiguity than a previous assembly (N50  = 8.7 Kb). Using a homology-based, RNA-seq evidence-based and ab initio prediction approach, 37,226 protein-coding genes were predicted. Genome assembly and annotation exhibited high completeness scores of 98.1% and 89.4%, respectively. Sequence contiguity was sufficient to reveal extensive gene order conservation and chromosomal rearrangements in alignments with Eucalyptus grandis and Corymbia citriodora genomes. This new genome advances currently available resources to investigate the genome structure and gene family evolution of M. alternifolia. It will enable further comparative genomic studies in Myrtaceae to elucidate the genetic foundations of economically valuable traits in this crop.
Aplikasi Mobile Media Pembelajaran Dasar Algoritma dan Pemrograman Berbasis Android
Authors: Nasution Yusuf Ramadhan , Furqan Mhd
Published: August 2021

This research is a type of development research. The product development model adopts a software development model consisting of (1) Analysis of software requirements, (2) design, (3) writing code and (4) testing. Data collection techniques are done by observation, interviews and questionnaires. The testing phase is carried out with product validation by experts, testing on the first user (lecturer) and testing on the end user (student).Keywords : Learning Media, Mobile Applications, Algorithms and Programming.
ANALISIS POLA PENJUALAN PAKAIAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA MINING DENGAN ALGORITMA APRIORI
Authors: Arif Saiful Nur , Zulkarnain Iskandar , Anwar Badrul
Published: August 2021

Pakaian merupakan salah satu kebutuhan primer dalam kehidupan sehari-  hari, semakin berkembangnya masyarakat saat ini maka kebutuhan akan pakaian juga meningkat dengan pesat. Saat ini baik pria maupun wanita membutuhkan pakaian dengan tingkat kebutuhan yang sama. Kent & Crew merupakan salah satu toko yang menjual pakaian pria baik formal maupun kasual. Untuk terus dapat memberikan pelayanan yang baik kepada konsumen dalam hal ini Kent & Crew harus mampu memenuhi kebutuhan setiap konsumennya dan harus memiliki cukup banyak produk dan juga persediaan barang yang cukup.  Dalam setiap harinya data transaksi yang dimiliki Kent & Crew terus bertambah namun data tersebut belum tersusun dengan baik dan hanya dijadikan sebagai arsip. Dengan bertambahnya jumlah data yang ada maka dibutuhkan suatu penanganan yang baik, yaitu dengan menganalisis data tersebut menggunakan suatu sistem yang berbasis komputer sehingga dalam proses analisisnya dapat berjalan dengan baik dan akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan suatu sistem berbasis komputerisasi yang dapat mempermudah toko utnuk dapat mengetahui pola penjualan yang tepat yang dapat membantu pihak Kent & Crew dalam meningkatkan penjualan.Hasil permasalahan tersebut adalah berupa aplikasi yang mengimplementasikan teknik Data Mining dengan mengadopsi metode asosiasi dengan menggunakan Algoritma Apriori yang nantinya dapat membantu pihak Kent & Crew dalam mengetahui pola penjualan pakaian dan menghasilkan kesimpulan yang bermanfaat.
Optimization of Diagrid Angle for High Rise Structure for Varying Bay Widths
Authors: Lavanya Kathi , Vimala A.
Published: August 2021

The development of urban population, the lack of space and the high land costs has created the scope and necessity for the high-rise structures. In high rise structures, the design of lateral load resisting systems is more crucial than gravity load resisting system. There are many structural systems exists in literature to resist lateral loads. Diagrid structure is one among them which is proven to be both structurally and architecturally efficient structural system to resist lateral loads. The present study aims to investigate the best bay spacing for a particular high-rise structure and also optimizing the best diagrid angle to suit to the selected bay spacing. A numerical study is carried out with a 24 storied high-rise structure of plan area 36m x 36m considering with and without corner columns. The structure performance is checked with a bay width of 4m and with a bay width of 6m. Each structure is analyzed for four angles of inclinations of diagrid are formed by connecting 1, 2, 3, 4 stories respectively to optimize the diagrid angle. A comparative investigation is carried out for the structural responses like storey displacement, storey drift and base shear with different diagrid angles and with different bay width.
LINGUISTIC DEFAMILIARIZATION: A REAPPRAISAL OF THINGS FALL APART THROUGH THE STRUCTURALIST CHARACTER THEORY
Authors: Amoussou Yémalo C.
Published: August 2021

This paper applies the Structuralist Character Theory to 33 extracts of inner experience from Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart (1958) with the view to showing that some of the narratorial judgments about two central characters, namely Okonkwo and Obierika, seriously lack textual evidence and need revising. Not only does the paper succeed in proving, drawing on the statistics of mental and behavioural processes, that Okonkwo, the man said ‘not to be a man of thought’ ends up being at least 23 times more so than the one said to be so. Though this injustice can be accounted for by the narrator’s ideological clash or complicity with either character, the researcher invites language scientists to defamiliarize, to submit other works to similar analyses to avoid falling into the dangers of linguistic familiarization. He strongly believes, to quote a prominent linguist, that “After the analysis, what seemed flat becomes rounded; what was rounded still has other dimensions added to it” (Halliday, quoted in Cummings & Simmons, 1983: viii).

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ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE’S MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN BANGLADESHI SATELLITE TELEVISION CHANNELS
Authors: Khan Md. Al Amin , Tarofder Arun Kumar , Azam S. M. Ferdous
Published: August 2021

The article illustrates the connection between organizational factors that influence on employee’s motivation and productivity in a given organization satellite TV channel in Bangladesh. The exploration surveys important writing to distinguish the organizational factors that impact representative inspiration and their output also. Be that as it may, the connection between organizational components and employee’s efficiency is yet to be seen thoroughly. The examination investigates view of hierarchical components like reward system, training and jobs security and the representative efficiency. The example is of significant fluctuation as far as gender, educational level, salary and employment tenure. Information investigations were performed utilizing SPSS 23.0, and the outcomes demonstrate that employee inspiration have a significant positively influence on by and large employee profitability in a satellite TV station.

JEL: L10; L96; J01

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THE INFLUENCE OF JOB SATISFACTION AND ITS EFFECT ON EMPLOYEE TURNOVER INTENTION IN FINANCIAL SERVICE INDUSTRY OF MALAYSIA
Authors: Sija Andrew
Published: August 2021

High employee turnover has a severe impact on financial service industry, both financially and emotionally. The financial service industries must take a step to recognize possible causes of turnover intention, measure the turnover rate, determine the turnover cost and address the turnover problems seriously. The aim of this study is to measure the determinants of job satisfaction and its effect on employee turnover intention in the financial services industry in Malaysia. In specific, it is to assess the relationships between the independent variables (compensation and benefit, employee recognition, supervision support and promotional opportunity) and employee turnover intention. A total of 127 feedbacks obtained from employees in four selected well-known banks in this study. The survey questionnaires were in the form of google form and were sent via email to the respective representative of the selected bank. The study used two types of data analysis and had identified five (5) hypotheses which were tested using statistical technique SPSS version 26. The descriptive analysis was used to gauge the respondent’s demographic information such as gender, age, education level, bank served and tenure of services. Meanwhile the inferential analysis was mainly for examining the relationship between compensation and benefit, employee recognition, supervision support, promotional opportunity and employee turnover intention. The results revealed promotional opportunity is the strongest predictor in influencing employee turnover intention with unstandardized coefficients, β = .673, t = 7.016 p <.05, followed by compensation and benefit with β = .276, t = 2.861, p <.05. The most significant contribution of this study is that it explores for the first time the investigation of compensation and benefit with promotional opportunity affecting employee turnover intention in the most well-known and established banks in Malaysia. This study is hoping to contribute both on theoretical and practical value to the banks in maintaining their ranking, competitiveness and finding best solutions towards retaining talented employees.

JEL: J30; L20; L23

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EFFECT OF WHOLE BODY VIBRATION TRAINING ON SELECTED HEALTH RELATED COMPONENTS AMONG AMATEUR PLAYERS IN THE POLYTECHNIC, IBADAN FOOTBALL TEAM, IBADAN, NIGERIA
Authors: Adegoju Festus A. , Abon Joseph Kolawole
Published: August 2021

Numerous studies have made attempt at identifying adequate recovery stratagem for amateur athletes. But little or no study has assessed the prolonged effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) as a recovery technique on selected health components after performance. This study investigated the effects of whole body vibration training on some selected health related fitness components among amateur players in The Polytechnic, Ibadan football team, Ibadan, Nigeria. The study was carried out using pretest posttest control group experimental research design. Twenty (20) participants partook in the research; they were placed into two groups; the experimental group (A) who undertook eight weeks of whole body vibration training while the participants in group B form the control group. Pretest and posttest values were elicited and then subjected to empirical analysis. Numerous studies have made attempt at identifying adequate recovery stratagem for amateur athletes. But little or no study has assessed the prolonged effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) as a recovery technique after performance. This study therefore investigated the effects of whole body vibration training on some selected health related health fitness components among amateur players among The Polytechnic, Ibadan football team, Ibadan, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics of mean, percentages, chats and inferential statistics of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to test all hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The results revealed a significant difference in the pretest and posttest scores of players with muscular endurance (F(1, 18) =10.047; p<0.05; ƞ2=.137) and muscular strength (F(1, 18) =19.317; p<0.05; ƞ2=.327). However, the effect of WBV was not significant on flexibility (F(1, 18) =1.006; p>0.05; ƞ2=.062). So, the hypothesis was not rejected. It was concluded that whole body vibration training significantly improved the muscular endurance and muscular strength recovery of the participants, but was not significant on flexibility. It was therefore recommended that football coaches should incorporate whole body vibration training more into their training programme as muscular endurance and muscular strength are essential health fitness components needed to play football game.

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ACUTE CHANGES IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH HOME CONFINEMENT DUE TO COVID-19: A RETROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A COLLEGIATE POPULATION IN GREECE
Authors: Manthou Eirini , Fotiou Anastasios , Kanavou Eleftheria , Pigos George , Kalapotharakos Vasilios I.
Published: August 2021

Background: In March 2020 home confinement was imposed to Greek residents as a measure to abate the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to elucidate changes in physical activity (PA) levels that occurred during confinement in a collegiate population in Greece. Methods: 565 collegiate students and staff participated in a retrospective cross-sectional online survey measuring PA related behaviours before and during the confinement period using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Results: The overall activity (IPAQ-SF MET-min score) decreased in the confinement- compared to the pre-confinement period [Md (Q1:Q3) pre vs. during: 2464 (1160; 5126) vs. 2247 (1074; 3999), p<0.001], driven exclusively by males (p<0.001) and the younger age group (18-31 years; p=0.003). Sitting increased in the total sample, including in each gender and age-group (all p<0.001). Compared to pre-confinement period, during confinement the odds of being in the ‘medium’ or ‘high’ moderate- to- vigorous PA group were 41% higher in females (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI=1.11-1.80, p=0.006) and 33% lower in males (aOR=0.67, 95% CI=0.50-0.88, p=0.005). Conclusion: There is a gendered pattern in observed changes in PA during the Covid-19 home confinement in the collegiate population, with females being those favored in comparison to males.

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TEXTUAL PATTERNS AND SIGNIFICANCE IN JOE USHIE’S POETRY: A SEMIOSTYLISTIC STUDY
Authors: Edung Mike T. U.
Published: August 2021

Ushie’s poetry has been much studied for its message on topical issues like social injustice, political malfeasance, the environment, among others, and perhaps much more for its use of language. Yet several aspects of the use of language in Ushie’s poetry are yet to receive attention, and a major one among these is what this study has attempted to demonstrate. Against the background of Daiches’ (1948) exposition on creative writing as an art, and the creative writer as an artist in words, this study analyses a few of Joe Ushie’s poems with thetool of semiostylistics, and shows how Ushie communicates his messages through patterns created with language units in the text of his poems. This study concludes that this is a technique Ushie has consciously wrought, being himself a stylistic critic of the works of great literary artists, and thus very conversant with the workings of creative writing as verbal art with a semiotic dimension, as every good work of art in general.

 

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HOW DO CHILDREN RESPOND TO DIFFERENT ARTISTIC GENRES?
Authors: K. V. Lilly , Venukapalli Sudhakar
Published: August 2021

Art is as beautiful as sunshine and as important as nourishment to our body. Though art is a stimulating aspect, art appreciation is regarded as a highly subjective phenomenon. Art education and art appreciation is known to enrich the lives of children. Various factors including one’s experience, knowledge, and exposure to arts as well as processing fluency are known to influence one’s aesthetic appreciation. The objective of the present study is to examine children’s expressions of art appreciation. The quantitative study examines how children respond to artworks from different artistic genres. The participants in this study are sixty grade IX children in the age group of 13-15 years, from rural and urban backgrounds from the state of Telangana. The study employed equal number of boys and girls. Images of nine famous artworks depicting landscapes are used as stimuli. The images of artworks belonged to three artistic genres: representational, semi-representational, and abstract artworks. The artworks are selected from Western, Middle Eastern and Oriental paintings. Images of paintings are shown randomly to children to elicit their responses. The results of analysis of children’s descriptions of paintings indicate that children appreciated representational artworks more than semi-representational artworks and their appreciation of abstract artworks is minimum. Children’s appreciation of artworks according to the type of paintings indicate differences in appreciation among western, middle eastern and oriental paintings. The statistical analysis of overall appreciation of three genres of artworks depending on the type of paintings reveal that there exists a statistically significant difference in the appreciation of three types of artworks depending on the genre of artworks. The findings of this study can be used to enlighten the development of art education curricula.

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POSTCOLONIAL MINSCAPES AND CONTEMPORARY CARIBBEAN REGGAE
Authors: Egharevba Chris , Egharevba Kufre
Published: August 2021

That Caribbean music forms and their sonic influences are steeped in a vibrant culture of social awareness and ethereal consciousness is incontestable. Roots reggae’s protest appeal, rhythmic syncopations, and deeply religious impulses attest to a rich, aware and reactive tradition forged from post-slavery legacies to engage the rotary realities of mid–late 20th century West Indies. Contemporary Caribbean reggae follows in this tradition. With a very deep root in the religious beliefs of the people, Reggae music developed as the medium for the masses to cope with the social, economic and political realities of the day in Jamaica and many other Caribbean communities. Consequently, the Reggae music has proven to be relevant as long as there is suffering and injustices among the masses, this is not to say Reggae music does not reflect some other aspects of life. The emphasis in this paper is to trace the history and development of Reggae, especially its connection to the Rastafari lifestyle. The paper considers some key pillars of Reggae music, which includes but not limited to the believe by the Rastafarians that Haile Selassie is the black Jesus which Marcus Garvey had prophesied about and that he is bringing salvation to the black community in Jamaica.

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CULTIVATING CRITICAL READERS THROUGH LITERARY-BASED STRUCTURED PROGRAMS AND INSTRUCTION
Authors: Ntoulia Athina
Published: August 2021

The love for reading (philanagnosia) is established from the early years of a child and contributes to his cognitive, linguistic, emotional and social development. The contact of a child with books is of crucial significance if we want to cultivate a critical reader and a future active citizen. This study examines the results of implementation of literary- based structured program and instruction in a sample of 450 students. The teacher's contribution is significant as s/he is the one who mediates between students and text, selecting each time the appropriate technique / strategy to lead the students into a critical approach of it and a constructive discussion. This paper presents a survey that was carried out in schools in the prefecture of Chania (Crete) in Greece and aimed at investigating the effects of structured literary-based program and its impact on children’s response as critical readers.

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WHAT DRIVES INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRMS TO EXPAND OVERSEAS: A CASE STUDY APPROACH
Authors: Shankar Nageviwaysini Ravi
Published: August 2021

Despite the lack of resources, entrepreneurial firms are able to expand internationally from an early stage of establishment. This study aims to explore and identify the drives of expansion for international entrepreneurial firms. This study employed a multi-case analysis approach through in-depth interviews to identify the drivers of international expansion of such firms. Based on our findings we propose a model to enrich the current understanding on the factors that drive young entrepreneurial firms’ expansion to international markets.

JEL: L10; L20; M16; F22

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY AND MARITAL SATISFACTION OF MARRIED TEACHERS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Anyamene Ada , Nwokolo Chinyelu , Etele Anulika Valentina
Published: August 2021

Marriages being a legal union between a man and a woman that is supposed to produce a satisfactory relationship in which the couple involved can experience marital satisfaction. This study sought to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and marital satisfaction of married teachers in Anambra state. Three research questions were formulated to guide the study while one null hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. Correlational research design was used in conducting the study. A sample size of 1,344 married teachers was drawn from a population of 6,987 married teachers in Anambra state public secondary schools. A multi-stage sampling procedure was followed selecting the sample. Two instruments: General Self-efficacy Scale and Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) were adopted and used for data collection. The instruments are standardised measures and have the following reliability coefficient; 0.96 for IMS, 0.87 and for GSS. Data was collected through direct delivery approach. Data collected were analysed using SPSS version 23. Pearson correlation coefficients and regression analysis were used to answer research questions and test the hypotheses. Findings of the study showed among others that there is very low or no relationship existing between married teachers’ Self-efficacy belief and their marital satisfaction. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended, among others that counselors interested in marriage therapy should empower married teachers to follow behaviour and activities that foster marital happiness through occasional lectures and counselling sessions.

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FACTORS AFFECTING THE WORK MOTIVATION OF LAWYERS AT LAW OFFICES IN QUANG NGAI PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Authors: Nguyen Le Hoang Nhu , Tran Nguyen Tran Huyen
Published: August 2021

This study is conducted to investigate which factors affect the work motivation of lawyers at law offices in Quang Ngai province. The results of data analysis from a survey of 298 lawyers show that the work motivation of lawyers is most affected by Income and Benefit policy, followed by Working conditions, Relationship with colleagues, Feeling the personal role in work, Work-life balance and finally Recognition of Achievement.

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SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS ASSOCIATED WITH TOURISM IN THE CAM MOUNTAIN TOURIST AREA AN GIANG PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Authors: Chau To Minh
Published: August 2021

Learning about socio-economic development in Vietnam recently, the issue of livelihoods and sustainable livelihoods has become a research target with many different approaches. Based on the theory of sustainable livelihood framework put forward by the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the article outlines the sources of livelihood capital of local people. With the method of sociological investigation, statistics and data analysis, the article has presented the types of sustainable livelihoods associated with tourism in the Cam Mountain tourist area, An Giang province. This study also wants to replicate the types of sustainable livelihoods associated with tourism in terms of scale and quality to contribute to the economic, social, and environmental development of the locality.

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A CYBERCULTURE STUDY: K-POP AND THE NEW MEDIA - BTS AND TWITTER
Authors: Cardoso Luís , Castanho Matilde
Published: August 2021

This paper intends to describe, analyze, and reflect on the presence of K-Pop in the cybernetic environment, as a cultural and artistic manifestation of the XXI century, as well as to study and evaluate the participation of the band BTS (and its fan community) in the social network Twitter, looking for an understanding of its identity and contribution to the cyberculture universe. The importance of “Korean Pop” for the global music industry is, in present times, an undeniable fact, because of the success of several artists and groups of Korean heritage and/or managed by labels from South Korea that have been occupying the top places in charts previously dominated by Anglo-Saxon performers. The band Bangtan Sonyeondan, known worldwide as BTS, formed by Big Hit Entertainment in 2010, is pointed by the critics and specialists as one of the most successful and mediatic groups of the last years. The comparisons between the Beatlemania from the 60s and the behaviour of its fan base (self-proclaimed Army) are quite common. In this context, we intend to study this cultural phenomenon as a new form of culture and interaction between artists and admirers, using social media and new socialization techniques created and adapted to cyberspace.

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BEYİN GÖÇÜ: ÖĞRENCİLERİ YURT DIŞI EĞİTİME YÖNLENDİREN SEBEPLER BAĞLAMINDA NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Ali , İLHAN Alparslan
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı; beyin göçü gerçeğiyle ülkemizdeki öğrencilerin hangi sebeplerle yurt dışı eğitime yöneldiklerini bulabilmek için yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseni kullanılarak, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formuyla verilere ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında 14 katılımcıya ulaşılmış, katılımcılardan elde edilen veriler kodlanmış, temalar altında toplanmış ve içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgular: Araştırma bulgularında öğrencilerin yurt dışında eğitim almalarına; ailevi etkenler, mesleki gelişim ve akademik kariyer düşüncesi, vatandaşlık ve okuduğu lisenin sağladığı yurt dışında üniversite okuyabilme hakkından yararlanma, farklı yolla yurt dışında okuyabilme imkânı bulmaları gibi sebepler etkili olmuştur. Öğrencilerin eğitim sürecinde yaşadıkları zorluklar, devlet politikalarındaki memnuniyetsizlik: nepotizm, şeffaflık, hak, adalet ve liyakat sorunu itici unsurlardır. Devletin ilgili makamları ve politika yapıcıların bu grup öğrencilere yönelik yapacakları çalışmalar ve projeler, alınacak önlemler sıralamasında üst basamaklarda olmalıdır. Üretilecek diğer projeler de gelişmiş ülkelere beyin göçü verme potansiyeli olan nitelikli iş gücünü ülkemizde tutmalı ve tersine beyin göçü üzerine yoğunlaşmalıdır. Özgünlük: Son yıllarda artan beyin göçü verme yüzdesi ile tersine beyin göçündeki azalma ülkemizin gelişmesinin önündeki engellerden olduğu ve konunun ayrıntılı incelenmesi gereken bir konu olduğu malumdur. Bu grup öğrencilerin; yurt dışı eğitimine iten, yönlendiren, sevk eden sebeplerin neler olduğunu belirlenmesi, bunların da beyin göçü olgusu bağlamında değerlendirilmesi, eğitimlerini tamamlamamış öğrencilerin beklentilerini, taleplerini öğrenmek adına belirleyici olacaktır.
A Woman's Worth & Fish and Grits
Authors: Ese Afi
Published: August 2021

A woman's worth: Water brought us all into life. Water took our ancestors all over the globe. Water also became a large divide between home and a new world. Till this day, we are trying to Cnd our way back. A woman's worth has several messages, one that speaks to a longing for reconnection after being torn away from all she knows and loves.

Fish & Grits: Fish and grits is an artistic depiction of hoodoo life and how food and water play intricate roles. Water is a life force that sustains us physically and spiritually. We are born in it, we need it everyday, and it washes us clean of stress, pain, and fault. Fish and grits is a reminder of this culture and how we are so deeply connected.
Evaluation of Physical Security of Indonesian Formed Police Units' Garuda Camp in the Perspective of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
Authors: Putri Anggraini , Murimann Chairul , Aminanto Ezra
Published: August 2021

Indonesia is one of the Police Contributing Countries (PCC) in the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. Since 1989, Indonesia has deployed their police officers into various peacekeeping missions, either individually or in the units called Formed Police Units (FPU). In deploying the FPU, Indonesia as the PCC is not only responsible for preparing the personnel, but also equipping the FPU in logistics and infrastructure, which includes appropriate camps in the mission area.  These camps have an important role as the operational and administrative base of the FPU, personnels accommodation, assets storage facility, and notably as the symbol of Indonesia’s commitment to its contribution to world peace. Garuda Camp Indonesian FPU in MINUSCA, Central African Republic, was built in 2018 by the International Relations Division of The National Police with total assets more than 500 billion rupiahs. During the 2 years of placing the Indonesian FPU in MINUSCA, several security threats have occurred in this camp, such as theft and burglary.

In this case, the camp security is an important element to ensure the Unit's success in performing its mission mandate. Therefore, the author sees the need for an evaluation using the perception of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) to increase the level of security at Garuda Camp. This is based on CPTED which has a basic idea that proper and effective design in the use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in crime and fear of crime, as well as an improvement in the quality of life in an environment. The author explores threats and use qualitative methods to identify the compliance of physical security requirements in the camp. The result of the study shows that Garuda Camp is included in the medium level threat category. Thus, a threat prevention strategy is needed.
The impact of gratitude letters and visits on relationships, happiness, well-being, and meaning of graduate students
Authors: Stefan David , Lefdahl-Davis Erin , Alayan Alexandra , Decker Matthew , Wittwer Josie , Kulwicki Tracy , Parsell Jeffrey
Published: August 2021

In this mixed-methods research, we examined the practice of writing and delivering letters of gratitude (gratitude visits) and its impact on well-being, happiness, meaning and relationships for students in an online graduate program in psychology. Participants completed assessments and inventories relating to happiness, well-being and meaning in life, including the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Approaches to Happiness Questionnaire and open-ended qualitative questions before and after they wrote and delivered gratitude letters. Quantitative analyses found significant increases in meaning in life, satisfaction with life, and approaches to happiness after the gratitude visit intervention. Using a grounded theory qualitative analysis of the data, eight primary themes emerged related to the impact and meaning of gratitude letters on graduate students:  (1) the impact on the relationship; (2) positive emotions experienced; (3) experiencing a reciprocal expression of gratitude from the receiver; (4) overcoming uncomfortable emotions; (5) relief, release or liberation after sharing; (6) impact on spiritual growth; (7) unexpected responses; and (8) greater reflection on the meaning of life and a changed perspective. Overall, providing graduate students with the opportunity to engage in gratitude visit interventions was related to greater meaning and well-being. This study suggests implications and recommendations related to the use of positive psychology interventions in educational settings.
How rural roads benefit the household’s asset position: A case study in West Bengal, India
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal-731236, India., Gayen Joyoti , Sarkar Debashis ,   Department of Agricultural Economics Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal-731236, India.
Published: August 2021

An attempt has been made in this study to observe the linkages between rural roads on household assets including material, social and human capital. It has been found that places with better roads and railway systems lead to better asset position of the households and hence an increased livelihood opportunity. The households near main roads and rail stations have a more consistent asset position with lower coefficient of variation (CV) of asset score and having a statistically higher group mean value. Automatically inequality in asset position is more in remote villages. Percentage wise distribution of households according to possession of different household shows the same result. Households adjacent to main road and rail station have higher percentage of consumer durable assets than that of the households who reside away from main road and rail station except possession of different agricultural implements. Other assets position like physical capital consisting of house property status, human capital like educational status, access to health care facilities, sanitation facilities reflect the same picture which indirectly gives a way to a diverse livelihood.
PERCEPTION ON DATING, COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN FEDERAL TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN OGUN STATE
Authors: ARIYO A. M. , OSUNBAYO D. I. , ENI-OLORUNDA J. T. , AFOLABI W.A. O.
Published: August 2021

The study examined the perception on dating, courtship and marriage amongst undergraduates in Federal Tertiary Institutions in Ogun State. The study adopted a survey design. The sample size consisted of 445 students using random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire constructed by the researchers. Results indicated that 57.8%  were of the opinion that marriage shouldn’t be an obligation as it is in our society, 77.5% agreed that to be adequately prepared for adulthood, dating must be practiced, the study also revealed that 97.1% agreed that courtship prepares individuals for marriage life. The study further indicated that there was a significant relationship between undergraduates perception on courtship and mother’s educational level with a value of (χ2 = 13.21. P <0.05). The study concluded that dating helps in the development of adolescents but could pose dangers if not properly practiced, courtship is a structured relationship leading to a long lasting union. It is recommended that practices of sexual adventures a as a result of dating calls for family life education as it would equip young people with knowledge on dating.