bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contextualizing the Positive Effects of the Well Elderly 2 Trial: A Response to Schelly and Ohl (2019)
Authors: Pyatak Elizabeth A. , Carlson Mike , Vigen Cheryl L. P. , Blanchard Jeanine , Niemiec Stacey Schepens , Sideris John , Baranek Grace T.
Published: November 2019

Importance: A recent reanalysis of data from the Well Elderly (WE) 2 study purportedly indicated that the intervention did not achieve clinically meaningful or statistically significant effects; this article addresses these criticisms.

Objective: To contextualize the WE 2 study as targeting a nonclinical population and demonstrate that the intervention produced substantively important, statistically significant effects.

Design: Secondary analysis of WE 2 intervention-based pre–post change scores.

Setting: The original trial occurred primarily in senior centers and senior housing facilities in greater Los Angeles.

Participants: Independent-living older adults (N = 324) who were assessed before and after intervention.

Intervention: The WE intervention, a version of the Lifestyle Redesign® (LR) approach, was administered by occupational therapists over 6 mo by means of group and individual sessions.

Outcomes and Measures: The 36-item Short Form Health Survey, the Life Satisfaction Index–Z, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

Results: The WE intervention was associated with statistically significant improvement on 10 of 12 outcome variables that were examined.

Conclusions and Relevance: Because the WE intervention was hypothesized to reduce age-related decline and followed a population-oriented approach, the expectation that average results would be clinically meaningful was inappropriate. The intervention produced positive effects across a wide array of outcome domains. In settings in which clinical meaningfulness is an appropriate index of intervention outcomes, evidence suggests that LR produces effects that are clinically meaningful. As an evidence-based intervention, LR should be considered useful both in population-oriented contexts and in addressing discrete health conditions.

What This Article Adds: Valid analyses demonstrate that the positive experimental effects of the WE 2 study are, in fact, genuine and cost-effective, and LR in clinically oriented contexts has produced statistically significant, clinically meaningful results. Clearly and accurately representing the evidence base of occupational therapy in prevention and chronic care is of critical importance to advance the field as a whole.
Helen Chadwick
Authors: Walker Stephen
Published: November 2019

Highly respected by her peers and hugely influential on the subsequent generation of artists, the British artist Helen Chadwick produced a wideranging body of work in a variety of media, which shifted from early institutional and architectural critique to operatic installations, and to photographic projects and sculptures. Stephen Walker looks behind this apparent variety, identifying a consistent range of interests - ranging from classical Greek through to sub-particle physics - that accompanied and supported Chadwick’s realised work. Although she enjoyed significant critical attention in her lifetime, this is the first study to explore the rich archive which informed her oeuvre. Critical of the impact that limiting political, philosophical and scientific constructions have on identity, Chadwick’s work can offer insights into the relationship between body and space; self and world; art and science; artifice and nature; theory and practice; the creative self and the creative process. Dismantling and reassembling her ideas, this book combines a close reading of Chadwick’s notebooks and research with broader speculation regarding their ongoing relevance for artistic and architectural work today.
A Hard Day‘s Night
Authors: Glynn Stephen
Published: November 2019

Dubbed 'the Citizen Kane of juke-box movies', voted among the top 100 British films of all time, accorded a high-profile release on DVD, A Hard Day's Night, the Beatles' film debut of 1964, has proven to be that rare event - an exploitation 'quickie' that has firmly entered the cultural canon. A Hard Day's Night was shot, edited and distributed in a matter of weeks early in 1964 to cash in on a passing local fad. Yet by the time of its release the Beatles had conquered America, and their film debut was instantly recognised as a major movie phenomenon. Placing the film in its social context, Stephen Glynn relates it to other examples of the genre, discusses its frantic making and its euphoric critical and popular reception. He analyses the film in depth, highlighting the 'revolt' in its depiction of youth, class and sexuality, and the style in director Richard Lester's Pop Art visual correlation to the myth-making soundtrack of Beatlemania. Essential reading for students of film, fans of popular music and the fab four and those interested in the Sixties, Glynn's guide also explores the legacy of A Hard Day's Night from the Monkees through to MTV and beyond.
Basque Cinema
Authors: Stone Rob , Rodríguez María Pilar
Published: November 2019

Cinema has always been a vital medium for articulating the Basque region's unique identity and politics. The first definitive study of Basque cinema, this book provides a systematic analysis of the key Basque films, directors and cinematic institutions. Its narrative moves from the romanticised Basque Country travelogues of Pathe to the coded oppositional aesthetics of Franco-era films; from the post-Franco ‘new wave’ supported by regional government funding to the boom in auteurist cinema during the 1980s and 1990s. It also charts the contemporary impact of the film institute Basque Filmoteca and television channel Euskal Telebista in producing and disseminating Basque-language films. Based on archival research, close readings of films and in-depth interviews with influential figures in the Basque film scene, this book is essential reading for world film scholars and cultural historians.
‘Russian Americans’ in Soviet Film
Authors: Levitina Marina L
Published: November 2019

Certain aspects of American popular culture had a formative influence on early Soviet identity and aspirations. Traditionally, Soviet Russia and the United States between the 1920s and the 1940s are regarded as polar opposites on nearly every front. Yet American films and translated adventure fiction were warmly received in 1920s Russia and partly shaped ideals of the New Soviet Person into the 1940s. Cinema was crucial in propagating this new social hero. While open admiration of American film stars and heroes of literary fiction in the Soviet press was restricted from the late 1920s onwards, many positive heroes of Soviet Socialist Realist films in the 1930s and 1940s were partially a product of Soviet Americanism of the previous decade. Some of the new Soviet heroes in films of the 1930s and 1940s possessed traits noticeably evocative of the previously popular American film stars such as Douglas Fairbanks, Pearl White and Mary Pickford. Others cinematically represented the contemporary trope of the ‘Russian American,’ an ideal worker exemplifying the Stalinist marriage of ‘Russian revolutionary sweep’ with ‘American efficiency.

“Russian Americans’ in Soviet Film analyses the content, reception and underlying influences of over 60 Soviet and American films, exploring new territory in Soviet cinema studies and American-Russian cultural relations. It presents groundbreaking archival research encompassing Soviet audience surveys, Soviet film journals and reviews, memoirs and articles by Soviet filmmakers, and scripts, among other sources. The book reveals that values of optimism, technological skill, efficiency and self-reliance – perceived as quintessentially American – were incorporated into new Soviet ideals through channels of cross-cultural dissemination, resulting in cultural synthesis.
Quality Hollywood
Authors: King Geoff
Published: November 2019

What defines quality in contemporary Hollywood film? Although often seen as inhospitable to such work, the studios of the blockbuster-franchise era continue to produce features that make claims to higher status. Films such as The Social Network, The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford and Mystic River are marked as distinctive from the mainstream norm. But how exactly, and how are such qualities mixed with more familiar Hollywood ingredients, as found in larger doses in other examples such as Blood Diamond and the blockbuster-scale Inception? Quality Hollywood is the first book to address these issues, featuring close analysis of case study films, critical responses and the wider notions of cultural value on which these draw. Geoff King argues that such films retain a presence as a minority strand of studio output. The reasons for this combine factors relating to economics, the power of certain filmmakers and Hollywood s investment in its own prestige."
Site-Writing
Authors: Rendell Jane
Published: November 2019

The prominent cultural critic Mieke Bal defines the new discipline of 'art writing' as a fresh mode of criticism, which aims to 'put the art first'. Following this definition, "Site-Writing: The Architecture of Art Criticism" puts the sites of the critic's engagement with art first. The book puts into shape what happens when discussions concerning situatedness and site-specificity enter the writing of art criticism. The sites explored are the material, emotional, political and conceptual settings of the artwork's construction, exhibition and documentation, as well as those remembered, dreamed and imagined. Through five different spatial configurations - both psychic and architectural - "Site-Writing" explores artworks by artists as diverse as Jananne Al-Ani, Elina Brotherus, Nathan Coley, Tracey Emin, Christina Iglesias and Do-Ho Suh, aiming to adapt such psychoanalytic ways of working as free association and conjectural interpretation to art criticism.
Understanding and improving model representation of aerosol optical properties for a Chinese haze event measured during KORUS-AQ
Authors: Saide Pablo E. , Gao Meng , Lu Zifeng , Goldberg Dan , Streets David G. , Woo Jung-Hun , Beyersdorf Andreas , Corr Chelsea A. , Thornhill Kenneth L. , Anderson Bruce , Hair Johnathan W. , Nehrir Amin R. , Diskin Glenn S. , Jimenez Jose L. , Nault Benjamin A. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Dibb Jack , Heim Eric , Lamb Kara D. , Schwarz Joshua P. , Perring Anne E. , Kim Jhoon , Choi Myungje , Holben Brent , Pfister Gabriele , Hodzic Alma , Carmichael Gregory R. , Emmons Louisa , Crawford James H.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. KORUS-AQ was an international cooperative air quality field study in South Korea that measured local and remote sources of air pollution affecting the Korean peninsula during May–June 2016. Some of the largest aerosol mass concentrations were measured during a Chinese haze transport event (May 24th). Air quality forecasts using the WRF-Chem model with aerosol optical depth (AOD) data assimilation captured AOD during this pollution episode but over-predicted surface particulate matter concentrations, especially PM2.5 often by a factor of 2 or larger. Analysis revealed multiple sources of model deficiency related to the calculation of optical properties from aerosol mass that explain these discrepancies. Using in-situ observations of aerosol size and composition as inputs to the optical properties calculations showed that using a low resolution size bin representation under-estimates the efficiency at which aerosols scatter and absorb light (mass extinction efficiency). Besides using finer-resolution size bins, it was also necessary to increase the refractive indices and hygroscopicity of select aerosol species within the range of values reported in the literature to achieve consistency with measured values of mass/volume extinction efficiencies and light scattering enhancement factor (f(RH)) due to aerosol hygroscopic growth. Furthermore, evaluation of optical properties obtained using modeled aerosol properties revealed the inability of sectional and modal aerosol representations in WRF-Chem to properly reproduce the observed size distribution, with the models displaying a much wider accumulation mode. Other model deficiencies included an under-estimate of organic aerosol density and an over-prediction of the fractional contribution of inorganic aerosols other than sulfate, ammonium, nitrate, chloride and sodium (mostly dust). These results illustrate the complexity of achieving an accurate model representation of optical properties and provide potential solutions that are relevant to multiple disciplines and applications such as air quality forecasts, health-effect assessments, climate projections, solar-power forecasts, and aerosol data assimilation.
WRF-Chem v3.9 simulations of the East Asian dust storm in May 2017: modeling sensitivities to dust emission and dry deposition schemes
Authors: Zeng Yi , Wang Minghuai , Zhao Chun , Chen Siyu , Liu Zhoukun , Huang Xin , Gao Yang
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Dust aerosol plays an important role in the radiative budget and hydrological cycle, but large uncertainties remain for simulating dust emission and dry deposition processes in models. In this study, we investigated dust simulation sensitivity to two dust emission schemes and three dry deposition schemes using Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem). Results showed that simulated dust loading is very sensitive to different dry deposition schemes, with the relative difference of dust loading using different dry deposition schemes range from 20 %–116 %. Two dust emission schemes are found to produce significantly different spatial distribution of dust loading. The difference of dry deposition velocity in different dry deposition schemes comes from the parameterization of collection efficiency from impaction and rebound effect. An optimal combination of dry deposition scheme and dust emission scheme has been identified to best simulate the dust storm in comparison with observation and to include better physical treatment of dust emission and surface collection processes. The optimal dry deposition scheme accounts for the rebound effect and the collection efficiency from impaction changes with the land use categories and therefore has a better physical treatment of dry deposition velocity. Our results highlight the importance of dry deposition schemes for dust simulation.
El gobierno de las territorialidades transfronterizas internacionales: la experiencia latinoamericana
Authors: Dilla Alfonso Haroldo , Hansen Figueroa Karen
Published: November 2019

El advenimiento del régimen de acumulación postfordista de naturaleza neoliberal relativiza las territorialidades westfalianas y pone en jaque la noción de los límites duros protectores de las naciones. Ello ha conducido a la emergencia de formas específicas de “territorialidades superpuestas” -regiones y complejos urbanos transfronterizos- que colocan en un primer plano la conformación de  regímenes políticos fronterizos (RPF), entendidos como el ensamblaje de instituciones, normas, procedimientos y prácticas discursivas que canaliza la interacción conflictiva de los actores públicos por recursos y valores en territorialidades de fronteras internacionales. Este artículo analiza la situación de los RPF en América Latina a partir de la manera como los estados perciben a sus fronteras -integracionistas, hostiles e indiferentes- teniendo como base el análisis de la información documental y académica disponible, así como los estudios de campo desarrollados por los autores en varias regiones fronterizas continentales. En particular se analizan  y contrastan las experiencias nacionales Chile, República Dominicana y Colombia. El artículo concluye sobre la necesidad de miradas postwestfalianas que permitan el aprovechamiento de las sinergias transfronterizas en pos del desarrollo regional.
Specifying and Estimating a Regional Agricultural Railroad Demand Model
Authors: Babcock Michael W. , Gayle Philip G.
Published: November 2019

In recent years there have been few railroad demand studies. Also, no study has investigated the possibility of regional differences in railroad demand. The objective of the paper is to estimate railroad demand functions for wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans for the United States as well as the east and west regions. A two-region spatial equilibrium model is employed to specify the empirical model in which railroad tons originated is the dependent variable. The explanatory variables include railroad price per ton, crop production, and barge price per ton. The theoretically expected sign is negative for rail price. Alternatively, the expected sign is positive for crop production and barge rate. Results include estimates of railroad own-price elasticities and cross price elasticities relative to barge transport. The estimates also reveal regional differences in railroad grain demand.
Determining Cost-Effective Policy for Visibility of Overhead Guide Signs on Highways
Authors: Obeidat Mohammed Said , Rys Margaret J. , Russell Eugene R. , Gund Aditya
Published: November 2019

Overhead guide sign visibility on highway, can be achieved either by illumination or by using retroreflective sheeting. Two surveys were sent to all U.S. departments of transportation, to determine the states’ policies for increasing overhead guide sign visibility. Results showed that 57% of states currently illuminate guide signs, and the most used retroreflective sheeting by states that do not illuminate signs is Diamond Grade for legend and High Intensity for background. Based on cost analysis, the LED light source and the High Intensity (types III and IV) retroreflective sheeting are the most cost-effective methods for increasing guide signs visibility.
Modeling Through Traffic Speed at Roundabouts Along Urban and Suburban Street Arterials
Authors: Al-Omari Bashar H. , Ghuzlan Khalid A. , Al-Helo Lina B.
Published: November 2019

A total of 30 roundabouts with different dimensions and characteristics were selected from three cities in Jordan. The collected data included the approaching road free flow speed (FFS), area type, entry width, circulating roadway width, exit width, roundabout internal and external circle diameters, circulating roadway super elevation, entry deviation angle, and drive curve. The regression analysis showed that the entry width, internal circulating diameter, entry deviation angle, approaching FFS, and drive curve were significant in determining the average and 85th percentile roundabout circulating speed. The developed model was compared with other international models developed in the United States and Italy.
The Magnitudes of Economic and Non-Economic Factors on the Demand for U.S. Domestic Air Travel
Authors: Park Ju Dong , Koo Won W.
Published: November 2019

The primary purpose of this study is to analyze air carriers’ behavior in capturing market share by examining the economic factors affecting passenger behavior toward air travel. This study also examines non-economic factors such as seasonality, unexpected events (9/11 attack), mergers, and trends. Because the airlines included in this study compete with each other, seemingly unrelated regression estimation (SURE) is used to estimate the parameters of the demand models which have correlated error terms. The economic and statistical relationship of the factors with air passenger miles provides valuable information to understand the nature of the demand for the U.S. air passenger industry. In examining demand determinants, this study concludes that air fare, income, seasonality, and mergers play significant roles in determining the demand for air passengers.
Is the Decision to Code-Share a Route Different for Virtual and Traditional Code-Share Arrangements
Authors: Du Yan , Starr B.
Published: November 2019

This paper analyzes factors that determine whether alliance carriers choose to remain in or leave a code-share agreement on individual routes. Different types of code-sharing are considered: traditional code-shared routes, virtual code-shared routes and those routes with both traditional and virtual code-sharing. Empirical results show that factors affecting alliance firms’ code-sharing decisions significantly differ for virtual versus traditional code-share agreements. Virtual code-sharing tends to take place in less dense markets and is not significantly affected by yields. This provides tentative support for the Ito and Lee (2005) argument that virtual code-sharing provides a mechanism by which carriers practice price discrimination (for instance, filling unoccupied seats in less dense markets). In contrast traditional code-sharing is found to be more likely to occur in dense markets and higher yields increase the probability of such arrangements. Thus, traditional code-sharing seems to be used to achieve the networking economics and cost savings derived from dense markets and thus appears to be more effective as an instrument to introduce competition into a market.
Multi-Vehicle Crashes Involving Large Trucks: A Random Parameter Discrete Outcome Modeling Approach
Authors: Islam Mouyid
Published: November 2019

A growing concern on large-truck crashes increased over the years due to the potential economic impacts and level of injury severity. This study aims to analyze the injury severities of multi-vehicle large-trucks crashes on national highways. To capture and understand the complexities of contributing factors, two random parameter discrete outcome models – random parameter ordered probit and mixed logit – were estimated to predict the likelihood of five injury severity outcomes: fatal, incapacitating, non-incapacitating, possible injury, and no-injury. Estimation findings indicate that the level of injury severity is highly influenced by a number of complex interactions of factors, namely, human, vehicular, road-environmental, and crash dynamics that can vary across the observations.
Hard Red Spring Wheat Marketing: Effects of Increased Shuttle Train Movements on Railroad Pricing in the Northern Plains
Authors: Ndembe Elvis
Published: November 2019

Despite the widespread adoption of shuttle train grain elevators and their potential for reducing rates for grain transport, few studies have evaluated their impact on railroad pricing. The aim of this paper is to assess railroad pricing behavior as well as empirically examine the impact of shuttle train movement on hard red spring wheat transport from North Dakota over time. Ordinary least squares estimation of the pricing model has rate per ton-mile as a dependent variable and supply and demand determinants as regressors. Intermodal competition and shuttle trains were found to have played a significant role in rate reduction over time.
The advantages and disadvantages of using High Fidelity Simulation as an environment to observe undergraduate nurses’ actions and their alignment with clinical judgement characteristics
Authors: Jacobs Sharon , Taylor Christine , Dixon Kathleen , Wilkes Lesley
Published: November 2019

Background: High Fidelity Simulation (HFS) is used as an environment for research and education into clinical judgement in nursing with positive results. Nursing actions are important aspects of clinical judgement. Observing nursing actions could provide an opportunity to identify the characteristics of clinical judgement. Therefore, the environment of HFS was chosen for this research as an observational tool.Aim: The aim of this paper is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using HFS as an environment for the research in aligning the nursing actions of undergraduate nurses to characteristics of clinical judgement.Methods: The study discussed in this paper was conducted in a simulation laboratory housing an HFS manikin within a large Australian university. The study used a descriptive research design with 18 undergraduate nurses agreeing to participate.Results: The major advantage of using HFS was that it provided a real time and safe platform to determine the nursing actions enacted which represented the characteristics of clinical judgement. The major disadvantage in our research was that only one person was available to conduct the research. It is also time consuming to both create an authentic scenario as well as preparation prior to conducting a simulation session.Conclusions: HFS provided an ideal environment to observe the actions of undergraduate student nurses and aligning these actions to the characteristics of clinical judgement. Implications: In using HFS for research the availability of participants needs to be negotiated. Individual rather than group assessment will provide clearer identification of needs of students to be developed.
Predicting Likelihood for Loan Default Among Bank Borrowers
Authors: Aslam Mohammad , Kumar Senthil , Sorooshian Shahryar
Published: November 2019

Poverty is a threat to the world. In its extreme form at any part of the world, it will make endanger rest of the world. In fact, it is the source of crime and the worst form of violence. The poor people do not commit any crime but they get punishment out of being born as a poor that is not controllable in their hand. Microfinance has been designed to eliminate poverty and help marginal and poor people through small income generating activities. The borrowers need capital to materialize their dream, may be in a small amount and microfinance can play important role in this scenario. Through microfinance, small entrepreneurs may acquire necessary inputs to start their business. Both local governments and international agencies are trying to eliminate poverty through microfinance programs, services and guidelines. With this concept, Microfinance has been hosted primarily in Bangladesh. Grameen Bank (GB) has been serving large number of people below poverty level in Bangladesh. However, impact of microfinance is still questionable in several studies. Microfinance used properly and returned back to the lender with stipulated amount and time shows its working effectively for poverty alleviation. Otherwise, there must be loan default and the whole system may be in question. We survey with questionnaire to find out factors contributing to loan default among GB borrowers using binomial logistic regression. The results showed that some factors were crucial for loan default and should be treated properly at the start of lending.
A Factor Analysis of Motivation-Behavior Affecting Factors Among Chinese College-English Learners
Authors: Zhao Hongyi , Long Shaoyun
Published: November 2019

Based on multiple dimensions, with a contemporary college students’ self-built English learning questionnaire (r = 0.872) of 775 subjects from two universities, and with a stratified sampling (120) and optimal oblique rotation, this study found some main factors of college Non-English major students. Results show that factor composition as a whole has a unique representation law. This study provides targeted psychological guidance for students to enhance their confidence and to improve their ability of meta-monitoring. Meanwhile, it has certain enlightenment for current college-English grading, classification and stratified teaching reform and improvement of students’ interest in learning English.
Uporaba mitohondrijske DNA v forenzičnih preiskavah
Authors: Zupanič Pajnič Irena
Published: November 2019

Prispevek na pregleden način opisuje uporabo mitohondrijske DNA (mtDNA) v forenzičnih preiskavah. Pri starih in slabo ohranjenih bioloških vzorcih tipizacija jedrne DNA pogosto ni uspešna, lahko pa preiskujemo polimorfizme mtDNA, ki je zaradi številnih kopij na calico in krožne oblike manj izpostavljena razgradnji in se ohrani daljši čas. Osredotočili se bomo na kontrolno regijo mtDNA, ki je zaradi svoje polimorfnosti v forenzičnih preiskavah najbolj uporabna in opozorili na heteroplazmijo, ki jo je potrebno upoštevati pri identifikacijah posameznikov in bioloških sledi. Slabo ohranjene biološke vzorce predstavljalo predvsem stari skeletni ostanki - kosti in zobje, stari nohti, feces, urin ter izpadli lasje. Slednji predstavljajo mikrosledove, ki jih kriminalisti pogosto najdejo na krajih kaznivih dejanj. Posamezen tip biološkega materiala bomo podrobneje opisali. Poleg zgradbe bomo namenili posebno pozornost vplivom okolja na ohranitev DNA v posameznem tipu biološkega materiala, optimizaciji ekstrakcijskih metod za učinkovito izolacijo in optimalnemu vzorčenju. Zaradi nizkih količin DNA, so omenjeni vzorci izpostavljeni kontaminaciji z DNA oseb, ki sodelujejo pri postopkih zbiranja in genetskih preiskavah. Za preprečevanje in sledenje morebitni kontaminaciji upoštevamo različne ukrepe, ki jih bomo opisali. Uporaba mtDNA je v forenziki zelo široka, zato bomo prispevek zaključili s predstavitvijo preiskav mtDNA v Sloveniji in po svetu.
Statistical Analysis of Birth Weight and Gender of Newborn Infants
Authors: Onyekwelu Jide , H. Nwankwo Chike , C. A. Oyeka I.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Birth weight is an important determinant of infant morbidity and mortality. Its effect extends upto adult life and may explain some non-communicable diseases that may occur in adult life. In general, males weigh more than females. Birth weight is categorised into three levels, viz., low, normal and high. This study analysed the relationship between gender and the categories of birth weights.

Materials and Methods: Data on babies’ gender and birth weights from 961 term life deliveries in a private general practice hospital were analysed. Test on equality of the mean weight of males and females at the three categorical levels were done using z test and t-tests, as necessary.

Results: Mean birth weight was found to be 3.30 ± 0.495 kg. Males weighed significantly heavier than females at mean weights of 3.343 ± 0.495 kg and 3.258 ± 0.490 kg, respectively. In the low birth weight category, males weighed 1.844 ± 0.297 kg and females weighed 1.992 ± 0.397 kg. There was no significant difference. Similarly, the mean weight of males and females in the high birth weight category were 4.462 ± 0.343 kg and 4.342 ± 0.219 kg, respectively with no significant difference. In the normal weight category, males weighed significantly more than the females with the mean weight of 3.30 ± 0.359 kg and 3.248 ± 0.392 kg, respectively.

Conclusion: Male babies weighed more than female babies only in the normal birth weight category. The factor that selectively affected the birth weight of male babies must be acting under the category of normal birth weight only.

More studies are necessary to identify the factors and the reasons, for which they act only at the level of the normal birth weight.
A 3-Year Physiotherapy Management of a Case of Spinal Poliomyelitis Referred at Three Months Post Paralysis
Authors: Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper , Umunnah Joseph Onuwa , Ihegihu Chima Collins
Published: November 2019

Background: Poliomyelitis is known to bring about huge complications that foist debilitating disabilities on a patient with poliomyelitis. Most post-polio survivors live with disabilities throughout a lifetime with an attendant social and economic consequence.

Objective: Based on the findings from subjective assessment and physical examination, the objective of the current study focused on early physiotherapy intervention measures for preventing complications such as contracture, joint stiffness, muscle wasting, severe gait abnormality, vertebral mal-alignment, and unusual pain.

Case Description: A 4-month-old patient referred for physiotherapy evaluation following an inability to functionally move the two lower limbs and lifting of the left upper limb. There was no history of previous treatment before referral to physiotherapy management. The physical therapists reviewed the available literature, consulted with medical and physical therapist experts and the patient, and elected to use an approach combining the use of low intensity, short duration, and intermittent activity or exercise performed within patient’s limit of fatigue, weakness, and pain.

Intervention: The child was on low-intensity exercises, electrical muscle stimulation and heat therapy 3 times per week for 12 months, 2 times per week for12 months, once a week, and once in two weeks for 6 months.

Outcomes:  Patient was able to achieve one-minute ambulation without walking aid in 33 months. Significantly, patient attained 5-minute ambulation in 36 months’ time. Also, ranges of motion were intact with no records of contracture in any tendon.

Discussion: The outcome of this study demonstrated that early physiotherapy intervention and long-term follow-up are beneficial in preventing/reducing complications, thereby regaining of millstones and achieving functional independence in patients with acute flaccid paralysis such as polio.
Parenting Style, Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Health of Nigerian Children
Authors: Olutope Akinnawo E. , Bede C. Akpunne , Olufunmilayo A. Olajide
Published: November 2019

Aim: Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been defined as the ability to perceive, understand, regulate, and connect emotions to oneself and in relation to others. Research findings show that parenting style could potentially contribute to or hinder the lifetime success of a child well into adulthood including leadership roles. The influence of parenting style on the emotional intelligence and psychological health of the Nigerian child has not being given adequate research attention.

Study Design: Exploratory /Descriptive survey design.

Methodology: Purposive sampling technique was used to select 332 (mean age = 14) in-school adolescents who responded to Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), Parenting Style Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) and General Health Questionnaire -12 (GHQ-12). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

Results: Observed patterns for low, high and very high levels respectively are: authoritative parenting style (45.5%, 41.6%, and 12.9%), authoritarian parenting style (53%, 30.7% and 16.3%); permissive parenting style (64.2%, 20.7% and 15.1%). Authoritative as well as authoritarian parenting styles were observed to significantly predict Emotional Intelligence. Permissive parenting style failed to significantly predict Emotional Intelligence. Authoritative parenting style failed to significantly predict psychological distress, while authoritarian as well as permissive parenting styles were significant predictors of psychological distress.

Conclusion: Authors conclude that a child’s emotional intelligence and psychological health status are products of parenting style.
Detection of Rotavirus and Adenovirus Co-infection among Apparently Healthy School Aged Children in Ilishan-remo Community of Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Samson Enitan Seyi , Ihongbe John Cletus , Ochei John Okeleke , Oluremi Adeolu Sunday , Ajulibe Goziem Edikan
Published: November 2019

Background: Viral gastroenteritis is still a major public health challenge in the Sub-Sahara Africa, with Rotavirus and Adenovirus as the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis among children.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus co-infection and associated risk factors among apparently healthy school aged children with history of diarrhea in Ilishan-Remo community of Ogun State, Nigeria.                                               

Study Design:  This is a descriptive-epidemiological survey.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, between March and May, 2019.

Methodology: A total of 60 children (24 males and 36 females) were recruited and their stool samples were examined using the SD Bioline Rota/Adeno virus antigen rapid test kits (Standard Diagnostics, INC., South-Korea) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. The demographic and clinical information of the participants were collected using structured questionnaires.

Results: Three, 3 (5.0%) out of the 60 participants screened, were mono-infected with Rotavirus, 2 (3.3%) were mono-infected with Adenovirus, while only 1 (1.7%) of them was co-infected with both Rotavirus and Adenovirus. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the prevalence of mono/co-infection with Rotavirus and Adenovirus among the study participants on the basis of age and gender. Lack of knowledge of Rotavirus and Adenovirus, history of diarrhea, eating of raw unwashed fruits and vegetables, poor hand hygiene after playing with toys and peers, and lack of regular medical check-up are some of the risk factors identified in this study.

Conclusion: The outcome of this study shows that mono/co-infection with Rotavirus and Adenovirus exist among apparently healthy school aged children with history of diarrhea in Ilishan-Remo community of Ogun State, Nigeria with a prevalence rate of 5.0%, 3.3% and 1.7%, respectively. Appropriate public health measures must therefore be taken to halt the cycle of infection in the community to forestall possible outbreak in the future.
Dynamics of the Physico-chemical Properties of Sediments along the Bandama River in the Department of Niakaramadougou, Northern Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Claver N’Doufou Gnosseith Huberson , Hypolithe Kouadio Koffi , Zephir De Lasm Omer , Fabrice Zogoury Eddie Constant
Published: November 2019

This work focuses on analyzing of physico-chemical properties of sediment affected by frequent floods along the eastern shore of the Bandama River in the department of Niakaramadougou. Sampling was from 4 excavated graves at two positions of studied area, one near the stream and the other one far away from the stream.. Samples collected were analyzed, including texture with granulometric analysis made by the Robinson pipette, and standard sediment analysis methods for measuring organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), and other chemical properties including pH, organic matter (OM), and C/N ratio. Statistical analyses were carried out to assess the differences between the physico-chemical parameters at different sampling areas. Differences are significant when comparing areas that are highly affected by floods and areas that are less affected by floods, especially for concentrations of OM, OC and nitrogen. Results show that successive floods are influencing directly the dynamic of physico-chemical properties of the sediments along the shore.
ECOPRINT TRAINING FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN NGEMBAT SUB-VILLAGE, MOJOKERTO
Authors: Christianna Aniendya , Waluyanto Heru Dwi , Suhartono Ani Wijayanti
Published: November 2019

The number of women in Ngembat sub-village is quite large, both from adolescence to the elderly, but most of them are only housewives who are not economically productive. Everything depends on the husband who works as a farm laborer and builder. Women in Ngembat sub-village have a lot of free time that can be used for productive activities. The ecoprint training held during the Community Outreach Program (COP) is the development of DKV 4 courses that implement creative-sociopreneurship learning. This subject emphasizes the aspects of entrepreneurship in the field of creative industries by utilizing local strengths. Natural resources that exist around Ngembat sub-village can be utilized as products of economic value. Abundant teak leaves due to the vast size of teak forests can be a source of income for women on the sidelines of carrying out their domestic duties in the household. Free time while waiting for children to come home from school and their husbands from work can be used to empower themselves by producing creative products and economic value. Thus, not only does women's knowledge and skills improve, but the family economy can also improve
Roadmap to Gigahertz Organic Transistors
Authors: Zschieschang Ute , Borchert James W. , Giorgio Michele , Caironi Mario , Letzkus Florian , Burghartz Joachim N. , Waizmann Ulrike , Weis Jürgen , Ludwigs Sabine , Klauk Hagen
Published: November 2019

Despite the large body of research conducted on organic transistors, the transit frequency of organic field‐effect transistors has seen virtually no improvement for a decade and remains far below 1 GHz. One reason is that most of the research is still focused on improving the charge‐carrier mobility, a parameter that has little influence on the transit frequency of short‐channel transistors. By examining the fundamental equations for the transit frequency of field‐effect transistors and by extrapolating recent progress on the relevant device parameters, a roadmap to gigahertz organic transistors is derived.
Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Oral Biofilms: Current State, Mechanisms, Influencing Factors, and Prospects
Authors: Hu Chen , Wang Lin‐Lin , Lin Yu‐Qing , Liang Hui‐Min , Zhou Shan‐Yu , Zheng Fen , Feng Xiao‐Li , Rui Yong‐Yu , Shao Long‐Quan
Published: November 2019

Due to their excellent size, designability, and outstanding targeted antibacterial effects, nanoparticles have become a potential option for controlling oral biofilm‐related infections. However, the formation of an oral biofilm is a dynamic process, and factors affecting the performance of antibiofilm treatments are complex. As such, when examining the existing literature on the antibiofilm effects of nanoparticles, attention should be paid to the specific mechanisms of action at different stages of oral biofilm formation, as well as relevant influencing factors, in order to achieve an objective and comprehensive evaluation. This review is intended to detail the antibacterial mechanisms of nanoparticles during the four stages of the formation of oral biofilms: 1) acquired film formation; 2) bacterial adhesion; 3) early biofilm development; and 4) biofilm maturation. In addition, factors influencing the antibiofilm properties of nanoparticles are summarized from the aspects of nanoparticles themselves, biofilm models, and host factors. The limitations of current research and possible trends for future research are also discussed. In summary, nanoparticles are a promising antioral biofilm strategy. It is hoped that this review can serve as a reference and inspire ideas for further research on the application of nanoparticles for effectively targeting and treating oral biofilms.
Rapid Synthesis of High Surface Area Imine‐Linked 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks by Avoiding Pore Collapse During Isolation
Authors: Feriante Cameron H. , Jhulki Samik , Evans Austin M. , Dasari Raghunath R. , Slicker Kaitlin , Dichtel William R. , Marder Seth R.
Published: November 2019

Imine‐linked 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) form more rapidly than previously reported under Brønsted acid‐catalyzed conditions, showing signs of crystallinity within a few minutes, and maximum crystallinity within hours. These observations contrast with the multiday reaction times typically employed under these conditions. In addition, vacuum activation, which is often used to isolate COF materials significantly erodes the crystallinity and surface area of the several isolated materials, as measured by N2 sorption and X‐ray diffraction. This loss of material quality during isolation for many networks has historically obscured otherwise effective polymerization conditions. The influence of the activation procedure is characterized in detail for three COFs, with the commonly used 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl)benzene‐terephthaldehyde network (TAPB‐PDA COF), the most prone to pore collapse. When the networks are activated carefully, rapid COF formation is general for all five of the imine‐linked 2D COFs studied, with all exhibiting excellent crystallinity and surface areas, including the highest surface areas reported to date for three materials. Furthermore, to simplify the workup of COF materials, a simple nitrogen flow method provides high‐quality materials without the need for specialized equipment. These insights have important implications for studying and understanding how 2D COFs form.
Developmental aspects of the tympanic membrane: Shedding light on function and disease
Authors: Mozaffari Mona , Jiang Dan , Tucker Abigail S.
Published: November 2019

The ear drum, or tympanic membrane (TM), is a key component in the intricate relay that transmits air‐borne sound to our fluid‐filled inner ear. Despite early belief that the mammalian ear drum evolved as a transformation of a reptilian drum, newer fossil data suggests a parallel and independent evolution of this structure in mammals. The term “drum” belies what is in fact a complex three‐dimensional structure formed from multiple embryonic cell lineages. Intriguingly, disease affects the ear drum differently in its different parts, with the superior and posterior parts being much more frequently affected. This suggests a key role for the developmental details of TM formation in its final form and function, both in homeostasis and regeneration. Here we review recent studies in rodent models and humans that are beginning to address large knowledge gaps in TM cell dynamics from a developmental biologist's point of view. We outline the biological and clinical uncertainties that remain, with a view to guiding the indispensable contribution that developmental biology will be able to make to better understanding the TM.
Health insurance reform and retirement: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Wood Kevin
Published: November 2019

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has provided millions of Americans with medical insurance but may have led to an increase in retirement among older individuals who are utilizing the newly available coverage options as a substitute for employer‐provided insurance. Using data from the American Community Survey from 2009–2016, this hypothesis is tested by estimating the effect of the premium subsidies and Medicaid expansions of the ACA on retirement transitions for the non‐Medicare eligible cohort of older Americans aged 55–64. Research results indicate a 2% and 8% decrease in labor force participation resulting from the premium subsidies and Medicaid expansions, respectively. Slightly larger estimates are found among a subgroup of adult couples. The study also finds suggestive evidence of crowd‐out of employer‐sponsored insurance by subsidized marketplace plans but finds no such effects from the Medicaid expansions.
A critical appraisal of the clinical applicability and risk of bias of the predictive models for mortality and recurrence in patients with oropharyngeal cancer: Systematic review
Authors: Palazón‐Bru Antonio , Mares‐García Emma , López‐Bru David , Mares‐Arambul Enrique , Folgado‐de la Rosa David M. , Carbonell‐Torregrosa María de los Ángeles , Gil‐Guillén Vicente F.
Published: November 2019

The use of predictive models is becoming widespread. However, these models should be developed appropriately (CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modeling Studies [CHARMS] and Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool [PROBAST] statements). Concerning mortality/recurrence in oropharyngeal cancer, we are not aware of any systematic reviews of the predictive models. We carried out a systematic review of the MEDLINE/EMBASE databases of those predictive models. In these models, we analyzed the 11 domains of the CHARMS statement and the risk of bias and applicability, using the PROBAST tool. Six papers were finally included in the systematic review and all of them presented high risk of bias and several limitations in the statistical analysis. The applicability was satisfactory in five out of six studies. None of the models could be considered ready for use in clinical practice.