bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of microbiota and metabolome of the equine hindgut during oligofructose-induced laminitis
Authors: Maimaiti Tuniyazi. , He Junying , Guo Jian , Li Shuang , Zhang Naisheng , Hu Hu , Fu Yunhe
Published: October 2020

Background: Laminitis is a common but serve conditions caused by inflammatory and pathologic changes of the laminar junction. However, the pathologic mechanism remains unclear. In this study we aimed to investigate changes of the gut microbiota and metabolomics in oligofructose-induced laminitis of horses. Results: Treatment with oligofructose had lower fecal pH but higher lactic acid, histamine, and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum. Meanwhile, oligofructose altered composition of the hindgut bacterial community, demonstrated by increasing relative abundance of Lactobacollus and Megasphaere. In addition, the metabolome analysis revealed that treatment of oligofructose decreased 84 metabolites while 53 metabolites increased, such as dihydrothymine, N3,N4-Dimethyl-L-arginine, 10E,12Z-Octadecadienoic acid, and asparagine. Pathway analysis revealed that aldosterone synthesis and secretion, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, steroid hormone biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and galactose metabolism were significantly different between healthy and laminitis horses. Furthermore, correlation analysis between gut microbiota and metabolites indicated that Lactobacillus and/or Megasphaera were positively associated with the dihydrothymine, N3,N4-Dimethyl-L-arginine, 10E,12Z-Octadecadienoic acid, and asparagine. Conclusions: These results revealed that disturbance of gut microbiota and changes of metabolites were occurred during the development of equine laminitis, and these results may provide novel insights to detect biomarkers for a better understanding of the potential mechanism and prevention strategies for laminitis in horses.
Evaluation of the consumption and contamination level of Vegetables and Fruits in Ethiopia
Authors: Derra Firehiwot Abera , Bedada Tesfaye , Edichio Redwan , Gabre Samson , Gobena Waktola , Fekade Rahel , Yohannes Tigist , Sebsibe Kaleab , Kassim Tatek , Pal Mahindra
Published: October 2020

Background; Vegetables and Fruits have got major acceptance in the modern scientific world nowadays and advisable to use more per daily food consumption. Although these food products have got more acceptances, their preparation and sanitation before consumption at the household level have to get proper attention. Objective: The objective was to assess the microbial load of vegetables and fruits which had been submitted at the Public health microbiology laboratory of Ethiopian Public Health Institute, from the year 2008- 2017, ( 10 years Retrospective data).Methods: Samples were tested for the presence of Mold, Yeast, Mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Total coliform, Thermo-tolerant coliform and the Indicator E.coli, to determine the contamination level based on the NMKL protocol. For viable bacteria count, APHA protocol was applied. Result: One hundred ninety-five 5.9% (195/ 3279) raw and processed products had been received per ten years. Of these, 15% (29/195) of the samples revealed an intolerable microbial quality of the mesophilic aerobic plate count, followed by total coliforms 7.7% (15/195), thermo-tolerant coliforms 10.8 % (21/ 195), E.coli 3 % (6/ 195), mold count 1.5% (3/195) and yeast count 1.5% (3/195) (ICMSF protocol). Discussion and Conclusion: Although vegetables and fruits are currently proved to be the best healthy foods worldwide and are available with the low cost relatively, in the developing countries like Ethiopia, their consumption rate is overwhelmed by cereals and animal products based on the live status of the community. Therefore, joint efforts have to be exerted by different branches of MOH for encouraging the community to use vegetables and fruits as its main food source for better health and to reduce nasty illnesses like diabetes, obesity, heart diseases and so on. However, while doing so, series health education has to be provided on sanitation procedures like immediate cooking or disinfection before consumption to prevent the community from environmental risks.
Barriers and facilitators of nutrition assessment, counseling and support for Tuberculosis patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Degefa Meaza Girma , Bezabih Afework Mulugeta , Kahsay Zinabu Hadush , Belachew Abate Bekele
Published: October 2020

Background: Provided the significant role of nutrition and proper diet to tuberculosis patients, nutrition assessment, counseling and support has become integral part of tuberculosis treatment. However, proper implementation is crucial to realize its effects, and the barriers and facilitators of implementation has not been studied yet. Objective: To explore barriers and facilitators of implementation of Nutrition Assessment, Counseling and Support for tuberculosis patients. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study conducted in public health facilities and health offices of Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia. A total of 17 purposively selected key informants were interviewed. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded and analyzed using a thematic approach. Results: Barriers and facilitators were identified at three levels namely organization, care provider and patient levels. Suboptimal nutritional supply, lack of supportive supervision, lack of adequate work force, staff turn-over, sudden withdrawal of partners and weak link with social service were the barriers at the organization level. Lack of commitment was reported as the only barrier at care provider level and socioeconomic status of patients, sharing and selling of supplies, perceived improved status and perceived stigma were identified as the major barriers for the implementation of nutrition assessment, counseling and support services. While training, availability of measurement and educational tools, inclusion of nutrition indicators in the tuberculosis register, and presence of collaborating partners were identified as facilitators at organizational level. Patients’ motivation to know their health status was reported to be a facilitator at patient level.Conclusion and Implications: Organization, care provider and patient level barriers and facilitators found to influence the implementation. Multifaceted approaches are needed for the health system to successfully implement the program and to gain its potential impact.
The Psychological impact on the front-line medical staff during the recuperation after fighting against COVID-19 in China
Authors: Dong Jingjing , Geng Yan , Wang Bowen , Zhang Shu
Published: October 2020

Background At the beginning of 2020, the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan (China) on a large scale. Medical staff from all over the country quickly supported Wuhan and put into combat. In May 2020, the epidemic has been effectively controlled, and medical staff withdrew from Wuhan and entered into recuperation. Methods During the recuperation in March and June, 2020, 441 medical staff were participated to investigate the psychological symptoms on SCL-90. Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance were chosen to analyze the data. Results Of the 441 participants, the positive ratio (i ≥ 2) of the ten dimensions and the average score of SCL-90 was from 3.17% to 13.61%. Compared respectively with the medical staff in front-line and the Chinese norms, the scores obviously decreased during the recuperation. Gender, occupation, professional ranks and titles, working position in Wuhan and the patient’s condition affected the scores of SCL-90, age and educational attainment had little effect. Conclusions These results showed that the recuperation had the positive impact on the psychological status of the medical staff after fighting against COVID-19, which is worthy of further promotion. Our findings also showed that a small number of medical staff still had the risk on the mental problem, which need continuous attention and intervention.
Contributors' Bios
Authors: Krys Svitlana (Lana)
Published: October 2020

Contributors' Bios.
Contextualizing the Development of Ukrainian Higher Education: Between Soviet Legacies and European Regionalization
Authors: Zakharchuk Nataliia
Published: October 2020

This paper contextualizes the development of Ukrainian higher education in broad historical, geopolitical, and socio-economic realities. The author argues that these realities determine the current Ukrainian education trajectory. Higher education reforms in Ukraine are analyzed in the context of two major influences: European regionalization and inherited Soviet structures in education. Particular focus is placed on the Bologna Process, the European education initiative to standardize higher education in Europe. Soviet organizational and administrative principles are outlined and analyzed as the second influence that determines Ukraine’s unique educational developments.

A brief overview of higher education reforms in Ukraine notes the distinctive changes in the legal framework between 1996 and 2014. Ukrainian education reforms within this period are viewed from the perspective of the Bologna Process, a series of voluntarily agreements between European countries to establish a common European Higher Education Area to retain the regions’ influence and competitiveness. Contesting voices regarding the European-associated education reforms range from unquestionable support (Europhiliac) to absolute rejection (Europhobic). Such contesting voices reflect the Ukrainian society’s broader understanding of its complex educational challenges. The author argues that public concerns about reforms in Ukraine initiated with the Bologna Process, originate in the nature of the reforms, the Ukrainian educational system and its foundational principles, public stereotyping of the reforms, and the unstable political situation in the country.
Language Situation in Ripky (Chernihiv): Results of Focus Group Research
Authors: Del Gaudio Salvatore
Published: October 2020

This article highlights the results of recent focus group interviews about language use carried out in the small town of Ripky and in nearby rural villages. Ripky and environs are situated in the northwestern part of the region of Chernihiv in central northern Ukraine. This research complements a more extensive study devoted to the analysis of the language situation of this area that attempted to obtain a deeper understanding of the language attitudes (including covert ideology) of this administrative district. This territory is interesting from dialectal and sociolinguistic viewpoints, as several language varieties coexist. This is also a consequence of the geographic proximity of the three main east Slavic countries: Ukraine, Belarus, and the Russian Federation. The qualitative data obtained from four focus groups in the local secondary school of Ripky are of particular significance because they clarify the language/dialect selection of the speaker, thus adding information to the previously outlined framework of the peculiar language situation in this district.
Review of Romana M. Bahry. Dr. Wladimir Sylwester Kindraczuk: Forgotten Chemist of Łańcut and Pioneer of Probiotics; Discoverer of the Probiotic Bacterium Bacillus carpathicus in Hutsul Huslanka.
Authors: Świątek Adam
Published: October 2020

Book review of Romana M. Bahry. Dr. Wladimir Sylwester Kindraczuk: Forgotten Chemist of Łańcut and Pioneer of Probiotics; Discoverer of the Probiotic Bacterium Bacillus carpathicus in Hutsul Huslanka / Dr. Włodzimierz Sylwester Kindraczuk: Zapomniany aptekarz miasta Łańcuta i naukowiec-pionier probiotyki; Odkrywca probiotycznej bakterii Bacillus carpathicus w huculskiej huślance. Polish translation by Leszek Puchała, preface by Roman Plyatsko, 2018. xxiv, 346 pp. Illustrations. Map. Glossary of Names. Extended-Family Charts. Appendix. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $59.95, paper.
Long-term comparative analysis of the main epidemiological indicators for tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection in the Udmurt Republic
Authors: Afanasiev E. A. , Russkikh O. E.
Published: October 2020

The objective of the study: to assess changes of epidemiological indicators for TB/HIV co-infection in the Udmurt Republic (UR) and the Russian Federation (RF) from 2008 to 2017 and make the prognosis for the next 5 years.

Subjects and methods. The main epidemiological indicators for TB/HIV infection were retrospectively analyzed, the data were taken from annual reports of Republican TB Dispensary, Regional Center for AIDS and Infectious Diseases and Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics by the Russian Ministry of Health.

Results. From 2008 to 2017, the incidence of respiratory tuberculosis both in the Russian Federation and in the Udmurt Republic decreased by 43.0%. While the incidence of HIV infection among the population of the Udmurt Republic increased by 148.5%, in the Russian Federation by 79.7%. From 2011 to 2017, the TB/HIV incidence increased in the UR by 76.6%, in the RF by 48.2%. The mortality of tuberculosis patients died of HIV infection increased by 147.6% in the RF, and by 400% in the UR. Trends in forecasts for investigated indicators of TB/HIV co-infection in the Udmurt Republic and the Russian Federation demonstrate their further growth.
Comparative assessment of tuberculosis vaccination in children with perinatal exposure to HIV and without it
Authors: Kukarkina V. A. , Golubkova A. A. , Podymova A. S. , Kukarkina A. A.
Published: October 2020

The objective of the study is to assess the scope and timing of tuberculosis vaccination in children with perinatal exposure to HIV, to determine the effectiveness of vaccination by the scarsize and results of Mantoux test in 12 month safter vaccination.

Subjects and methods. Documents on vaccination (Form no.063/u) and case histories (Form no.112/u) of 216 children with perinatal exposure to HIV were analyzed. The control group consisted of 100 children of the same age group born by HIV negative mothers. In this study, epidemiological (descriptive-evaluative, andanalytical) and statistical methods of research were applied.

Results. The proportion of children vaccinated against tuberculosis in the maternity ward in the group with perinatal exposure to HIV made 74/196, and in the control group – 82/99, pχ2 < 0.01. The main reasons for the lack of vaccination were the failure to undergo the three-stage preventive chemotherapy of perinatal HIV infection (35%), neonatal pathology and prematurity (42%). No difference was found in the frequency of the vaccination scar formation and results of Mantoux test (in 12 months after vaccination) in children exposed to HIV and children from the control group (p > 0.05).

65.3% of children exposed to HIV developed the vaccination scar and demonstrated post-vaccination allergies (55.3%) in 12 months after vaccination and there was no difference from children of the control group.
Results of treatment with bedaquiline containing regimens of MDR/XDR tuberculosis patients including those with concurrent HIV infection (the experience of Leningrad Region)
Authors: Danilova T. I. , Korneev Yu. V. , Kudlay D. A. , Nikolenko N. Yu.
Published: October 2020

The effectiveness of tuberculosis control is associated with efficacy of treatment of TB patients and above all patients with multiple and extensive drug resistance (MDR/XDR MTB). Patients with TB/HIV co-infection providethe significant impact on the situation.

The objective of the studyis to assess outcomes of chemotherapy regimens containing bedaquiline in patients with MDR/XDR TB including those with concurrent HIV infection.

Subjects and methods. The efficacy and safety of the regimes containing bedaquiline were assessed in the intensive phase of chemotherapy in 80 patients with MDR/XDR TB: Group1 consisted of 46 patients with negative HIV status (ICD10 code A15-A19); Group 2 – 34 HIV positive patients at the advanced stage with manifestations of a mycobacterial infection (ICD10 code B20.0).

Results. Treatment outcomes in the groups were as follows: the effective treatment was statistically significantly more frequent in Group 1 versus Group 2 (80.4 and 52.9%, respectively, p = 0.0088). Treatment failure was registered in 3 patients from each group; treatment defaults were statistically significantly more frequent in Group 2 compared to Group 1: in 8/34 versus 2/46 (p = 0.011). 3 patients were transferred out in both Group 1 and Group 2 (3/46 and 3/34, p = 0.69). During treatment, only 1 patient from Group 2 developed an adverse event, most likely associated with the in-take of bedaquiline, a heart rhythm disorder (ventricular arrhythmia) and prolongation of QTcF > 450 ms.
Pleural effusion in sarcoidosis patients
Authors: Stogova N. A.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the review of 62 publications which demonstrated that 1.1-16.7% of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis develop plural effusion. Data from thoracoscopic examinations with pleural biopsy in sarcoidosis revealed damage to both the visceral and parietal pleura which manifested through hydrothorax, chylothorax, and hemothorax. Among patients with pleural effusions of various etiology, pleural sarcoidosis is detected in 1.5-4.0% of cases. However, pleural effusion in patients with sarcoidosis can also be caused by concomitant diseases (tuberculosis, mycosis, cardiac, renal, and hepatic failures, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and oncological diseases). In this regard, it is advisable to perform morphological verification for the etiological diagnosis of pleural effusion in sarcoidosis patients.
Using Certainty Factor Method to Handle Uncertain Condition in Hepatitis Diagnosis
Authors: Saputri Aprilia Eka , Sevani Nina , Saputra Fajar , Sali Richardo Kusuma
Published: October 2020

The research aimed to develop a web-based application using the certainty factor. The use of this certainty factor method allowed processing the data based on the degree of confidence from the experts and the users. The users inputted their symptoms each with the level of confidence. The inference engine drew some conclusions based on the matching process between the input and the rules in the knowledge-based. For every matching pair, the system would calculate the certainty factor. The knowledge-based was developed through discussion with three specialist physicians and literature in some previous studies. The evaluation of the system involved three specialists for validation testing and 51 respondents for BlackBox testing. The final result is displayed in the form of a percentage for each hepatitis type, explanation of first aid for hepatitis, and referral hospital for hepatitis patients. The result shows that the error rate in the diagnosis process is under 36%. Most of the respondents think that the quality of the system is good overall.
Gastos pre operativos en la Ley del Impuesto a la Renta: Alcances y controversias
Authors: Hidalgo Guillermo , Aldazábal Cynthia
Published: October 2020

En el presente artículo Guillermo Hidalgo y Cynthia Aldazábal comentan la deducción de los gastos pre operativos en la Ley del Impuesto a la Renta. En este se encontrarán las principales vacíos, errores y controversias presentes.
Anais do II Celebrar
Authors: Vieira de Alencar Ney Robson , Tôrres Ana Clara Soares Paiva
Published: October 2020

Resumos dos trabalhos apresentados no II Celebrar, realizado em 2019, em Mossoró/RN.
PERFIL DAS PESSOAS EM SITUAÇÃO DE FRAGILIDADE SOCIAL ATENDIDAS PELO “CONSULTÓRIO NA RUA” NA CIDADE DE TERESINA-PI
Authors: Sousa Silva Samya Yasmin , Dos Santos Rosa Lucia Cristina , De Carvalho Soares Lima Melissa
Published: October 2020

Introdução: O presente trabalho busca conhecer o perfil do público atendido pelo Consultório na Rua (CNARUA), uma equipe de Atenção Básica destinada a atender de modo integral a população em situação de rua na cidade de Teresina-PI, em face da lacuna acerca dos principais traços desse segmento no contexto local. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa quanti-qualitativa tem como objetivo principal traçar um perfil da população em situação de Rua de Teresina atendidos pelo CNARUA. Além disso, comparar as características da População em Situação de Rua atendidos pelo CNARUA com a Pesquisa Nacional e contribuir para subsidiar a decifração da realidade da população em situação de rua na cidade de Teresina-PI. Método: Foi realizada a pesquisa percentil a partir da estatística descritiva, tendo como ferramenta o levantamento do perfil a partir de informações de prontuário ativo no ano 2018, posteriormente comparado estatisticamente com as características da população em situação de rua apresentadas na Pesquisa Nacional. Resultados: Durante a análise, observou-se os seguintes aspectos: Sexo, idade, Pessoa de Referência, Procedência/Naturalidade, O que a levou a viver nas ruas, e a necessidade de saúde explicitada. O estudo analítico dessas variáveis reforça a heterogeneidade do segmento e, dessa maneira, ampliou o significado do que é o viver na rua, trazendo à cena o que há em comum e divergente entre o perfil da população de rua local versus nacional desse grupo social. Por conseguinte, verifica-se a necessidade de compreender as especificidades de pessoas em situação de rua no sentido de atendê-las adequadamente, consonante às suas necessidades de saúde, que por vezes extrapolam ações interventivas no âmbito da saúde. Conclusões: A partir do estudo, sugere-se aos trabalhadores da saúde considerar a importância do conhecimento da população em situação de rua, pois é estratégico para produção e coordenação do cuidado humanizado.  

Palavras-Chave: Consultório na Rua — População em Situação de Rua— Pesquisa Nacional População em Situação de Rua.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA MORTALIDADE NEONATAL NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ, BRASIL
Authors: Costa Pinheiro Amanda , Chaves Cardoso de Matos Samuel , Martins Silva Zenira , Medeiros Lis Cardoso
Published: October 2020

Introdução: A redução da mortalidade infantil é ainda um desafio para os serviços de saúde. Apesar do declínio observado no Brasil, a mortalidade infantil permanece como uma grande preocupação em Saúde Pública. No Piauí com a implantação da Rede Cegonha e do Componente Neonatal nos últimos anos pode-se perceber um declínio no índice de mortalidade materna, infantil e neonatal, mas ainda continua-se perdendo mães e bebês por causas evitais. Apesar dos avanços que o estado teve após a implantação da rede cegonha esse desenvolvimento não se deu por igual em todas as regiões de saúde, ficando a maior parte da assistência centralizada ainda na capital. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade neonatal o estado do Piauí. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, abordagem quantitativa, e os dados foram coletados no sistema do DATASUS e tabulados utilizando o TABWIN E TABNET. Resultados:  Observou-se uma redução do número absoluto total de óbitos entre os anos 2007 a 2015, havendo um aumento de aproximadamente 4,5% entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. A mortalidade neonatal precoce compreendeu mais de 3/4 dos óbitos neonatais. Mais de 53% dos óbitos são de RN de baixo peso. Cerca de 48,7% dos óbitos referem-se aos prematuros. Conclusões: Os achados revelaram as principais características dos óbitos neonatais no Piauí na série temporal (2007-2016).
PERFIL DAS GESTANTES E CONTEÚDO DAS ORIENTAÇÕES SOBRE OS SINAIS DE TRABALHO DE PARTO RECEBIDAS NO PRÉ-NATAL
Authors: De Aguiar Lia Cardoso , Cardoso Silva Maria de Lourdes , Santos de Oliveira Viviane , Rodrigues de Aguiar José Ricardo , Karla Monroe Dourado Lanna
Published: October 2020

Introdução: O pré-natal visa preparar para o parto. As orientações recebidas na atenção pré-natal são fundamentais para a vivência saudável durante toda gestação pela gestante e sua família, porém ainda há muitas falhas nestas ações educativas. Objetivos: Conhecer as orientações sobre os sinais de trabalho de parto realizadas para as gestantes durante o pré-natal em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Métodos: Estudo de caráter descritivo com abordagem quantitativa em um Centro de Saúde em São Luís, Maranhão. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário aplicado a uma amostra de 11 gestantes. Resultados: A maioria das gestantes tinha 20 anos ou mais, vivia sem companheiro, com ensino médio completo e renda familiar entre um e dois salários mínimos, tendo como principal ocupação ser do lar. Quanto ao início do pré-natal, 45,4% no primeiro e 36,4% no segundo trimestre. Quanto ao número de consultas realizadas, 54,5% não realizou consulta no primeiro trimestre; 72,8% realizou pelo menos duas consultas no segundo trimestre; e apenas 18,2% realizou o mínimo de três consultas preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde no terceiro trimestre. Neste estudo apenas 27,3% das gestantes participou de algum grupo de educação em saúde específico para gestantes. E sobre os sinais de trabalho de parto, apenas 45,4% foi orientada, dentre estas a orientação mais frequente (60,0%) continha os principais sinais de trabalho de parto. Conclusões: Este estudo evidencia que as orientações sobre os sinais de trabalho de parto são pouco frequentes e por vezes sequer são fornecidas durante as consultas. Isto pode explicar a escassez de publicações que abordem a temática, embora seja consenso que a educação em saúde no pré-natal é essencial para o fortalecimento da autonomia das gestantes no momento do trabalho de parto e parto.
CAMINHOS PARA O ENVELHECIMENTO SAUDÁVEL: RELAÇÃO ENTRE HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL SISTÊMICA E PRINCIPAIS FATORES DE RISCOS MODIFICÁVEIS
Authors: Carneiro Alves Pereira Mayane , De Fátima da Silva Santos Lúcia
Published: October 2020

Introdução: O Brasil vive um processo de envelhecimento e dentre as doenças mais comuns aos idosos, estão aquelas crônicas não transmissíveis, que apresentam desenvolvimento lento e efeitos deletérios a longo prazo, entre elas, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica, que apresenta como peculiaridade seu caráter multifatorial. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e seus principais fatores de riscos modificáveis. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo transversal de amostragem não probabilística, o levantamento ocorreu junto aos idosos do Programa Terceira Idade em Ação da Universidade Federal do Piauí, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2015. Participaram da coleta, idosos, independente do sexo, devidamente matriculados no programa em questão. Foram excluídos aqueles que apresentavam déficit cognitivo. Cada participante foi avaliado através de um formulário socioeconômico e físico; e avaliação física da circunferência da cintura. Os dados foram analisados por meio do software Statistical Product and Service Solutions versão 20.0. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 99 idosos, sendo 87,9% do sexo feminino. A maior prevalência de sexo feminino pode estar relacionada ao processo de feminização da velhice, que é caracterizado pela maior expectativa de vida das mulheres. Quanto à atividade física, apenas 15,2% dos idosos foram considerados praticantes de atividade física regular, sendo que o sedentarismo é um importante fator de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Ao avaliar a situação de saúde observou-se que 50,5% dos pesquisados apresentavam hipertensão arterial sistêmica e correlação significativa com valores elevados de circunferência da cintura (p=0,03). Conclusões: Os hábitos de vida e situação de saúde apontaram que reduzido número de idosos encontram-se ativos; e a relação significativa entre a circunferência da cintura e o diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica evidenciam a importância de atuar sobre as diversas variáveis que compõem a saúde.
MORBIDADE E MORTALIDADE INFANTIL COM FOCO NAS CAUSAS PERINATAIS NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Fernandes Moreira Elionara Aline , Cardoso de Oliveira Isabely , Barbosa de Andrade Fábia
Published: October 2020

Introdução: Uma das fases da vida na qual o ser humano está mais sujeito a sofrer com o processo de morbimortalidade é na infância, isso é ocasionada por diversos fatores, tem-se, portanto foco nesse público quando se trata do estudo de mortalidade e morbidade infantil.  Objetivo: analisar a morbidade hospitalar e mortalidade infantil por causas perinatais em menores de um ano no nordeste brasileiro no período de 2013 a 2017. Metodologia: Caracteriza-se como estudo do tipo ecológico, realizado a partir de dados secundários extraídos do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) oriundos do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) e o Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do SUS (SIH/SUS), no período de 2013 a 2017. Resultados: Revelaram que as causas perinatais são grandes contribuintes para a mortalidade. Dos fatores que mais matam estão à septicemia bacteriana (30,7%) e afecções maternas (42,3%). O ano de 2013 e o estado da Bahia revelaram um maior número de óbitos. Quanto à morbidade pode-se observar os agravos afecções do período perinatal (33,8%) e transtornos respiratórios do período perinatal (49,7%) sendo aqueles com maior número de casos, além do ano de 2017 e o estado da Bahia como sendo os que apresentaram maior número de internações. Conclusões: As causas perinatais são um dos principais fatores responsáveis por gerar vítimas, tornando-se necessária a tomada de medidas. Deve-se melhorar a transmissão de conhecimentos a fim de prevenir as doenças e fortalecer a promoção à saúde e reduzir as taxas de morbimortalidade.

Palavras-Chave: Mortalidade infantil; Mortalidade neonatal; Enfermagem perinatal; Cuidado perinatal; Morbidade; Mortalidade perinatal.
Confounding Effects of Food Intake and Physical Activities on Student Body Mass Index Using General Loglinear Models
Authors: Mahmud Zamalia , Makhtar NurAthirah
Published: October 2020

Background:

There is need to prioritize the promotion of physical activity and eating habit to promote healthy
practices and prevent the occurrence of disease and obesity.

Objective:

This study aims to examine the association strength between types of food intake and physical activities using
General Loglinear Models (GENLOG).

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on selected secondary schools in the eastern
states of Peninsular Malaysia. It involved a sample of 326 students (aged between 13 to 17 years).
A questionnaire was administered to the students within the school compound and a face-to-face interview
was conducted. Ratio Chi-square statistic was used to determine the association between
the types of food intake and physical activities; while, Mantel Haenszel’s test of homogeneity was
used to identify the presence of confounding variables.

Results:

The results showed that the consumption of breakfast, fast food, and snacks was significantly associated with
various physical activities with some confounding effects.

Conclusion:

Comparison of several loglinear models confirmed the homogenous loglinear model
as most parsimonious in explaining the association between types of food intake and physical activity
among adolescents.
Challenges Contributing to Loss to Follow-up as Experienced by Glaucoma Patients in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Tshivhase Shonisani , Khoza Lunic Base
Published: October 2020

Background:

Glaucoma is a group of chronic diseases of the optic nerve that, if not managed effectively, could lead to blindness of many people worldwide. Non-adherence to medical treatments typically lead to burdensome consequences such as progressive visual loss and disabilities. Fortunately, literature reveals that with timed appropriate treatment, such blindness can be prevented. Thus, patients’ adherence to follow-up plays an important role in maintaining vision. However, glaucoma patients in Vhembe District still miss their follow-up appointments.

Objective:

This study sought to explore factors contributing to loss to follow-up as experienced by glaucoma patients in South Africa.

Methods:

Qualitative, explorative, and descriptive research designs, using qualitative methodology, were adopted. The population consisted of glaucoma patients who had been on antiglaucoma medications for three years and above. The purposive sampling method was used to select 18 participants for the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview using an interview guide. Participants were between the ages of 24 and 80 years. Tesch’s eight steps of qualitative data analysis were used. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical issues were observed.

Results:

The study findings revealed that some of the patients did not understand glaucoma disease and the importance of follow-up. Financial constraints, traditional/religious belief, shortage of medications, and negative staff attitude were the most cited barriers contributing to loss to follow-up.

Conclusion:

Follow up adherence amongst glaucoma patients was negatively influenced by low disease knowledge. Therefore an improvement in patient education, transportation services, and clinic efficiency may strengthen follow-up visits.
Dietary Practice and Nutritional Status Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Shemsu Shuayib , Argaw Alemayehu , Zinab Beakal
Published: October 2020

Background:

Sufficient maternal nutrition is paramount to ensure maternal and fetal wellbeing. It further determines the health of the offspring throughout the lifecycle and prevents adverse health outcomes of the upcoming generation. Therefore, dietary practice and nutritional status of pregnant women and contributing factors among pregnant women visiting antenatal care services at Mettu Karl Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia, were assessed.

Methods:

Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2018. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select 378 study participants. Data were collected via face to face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. Women Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) was measured using a qualitative 24- hr dietary recall and nutritional status was assessed by Mid-upper arm circumference measurements. Analyses were done using the statistical package of social science (SPSS version 20).

Results:

The prevalence of sub-optimal dietary practices was 22% and under-nutrition was 17.5%. Family size >5 [AOR=8.2, 95%CI: 12.383, 46.217] and severe food insecurity [AOR=3.661, 95%CI, 1.289, 10.394] were significantly associated with sub-optimal dietary practices. Being non married woman[AOR= 3.188, 95% CI: 1.219, 8.336], lack of formal education[AOR=9.405, 95%CI: 1.079, 81.943], lack of iron supplementation [AOR=3.189, 95%CI: 1.513, 6.720], WDDS <6 [AOR= 4.057, 95% CI: 2.157, 7.634], not taking additional meal (3+) [AOR=2.267, 95%CI: 1.211, 4.244], skipping meals [AOR=3.856, 95%CI: 1.099, 13.530) were significantly associated with under-nutrition.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

The present study revealed that there is a burden of suboptimal dietary practice and undernutrition among the studied participants. Predictors identified for suboptimal dietary practice were the family size and household food insecurity. Similarly, undernutrition was predicted by marital status, educational status, iron supplementation, additional meal intake, and meal skipping.

Strategies should be designed at different levels by concerned bodies considering dietary practice and nutritional intake of pregnant women, with possible identified factors.
Health Services Utilisation before and during an Armed Conflict; Experiences from the Southwest Region of Cameroon
Authors: Haddison Eposi C. , Julius Chia E. , Kagina Benjamin M.
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Armed conflicts are a threat to the health of populations in affected areas. The threat can have several forms, such as direct injury or disruption of health service delivery and utilisation. There has been an armed conflict (Anglophone crisis) in the English-speaking regions of Cameroon since 2017. We assessed the utilisation of health services before and during the armed conflict s in the Southwest region of Cameroon.

Methods:

A retrospective study of surveillance data was carried out between 2016 and 2018. Regional data for selected routine immunisation, reproductive health, disease surveillance and HIV/AIDS indicators were retrieved. The data were presented as frequencies and described narratively.

Results:

In general, there was a difference in the utilisation of health services before and during the armed conflict. Specifically, there was an improvement in health service utilisation indicators from 2016 to 2017, followed by a decline in 2018. The DPT3 vaccination coverage dropped from 90% in 2017 to 55% in 2018; deliveries attended by qualified personnel dropped from 46% in 2017 to 26% in 2018; the absolute number of people tested for HIV dropped from 20,3987 in 2017 to 18,3654 in 2018.

Conclusion:

The utilisation of health services by the population of the Southwest region declined during the armed conflict. This decline could have a significant impact on the population’s health and potentially affect the set global health targets such as improved vaccination coverage in all districts. Due to the armed conflict, there were challenges with regard to accessing health services. Local, national, regional and global authorities must work together to develop risk mitigating interventions in settings with armed conflicts to preserve the delivery and utilisation of health services.
Perceptions of Mothers and Community Members Regarding Breastfeeding in Public Spaces in Alexandra, Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Nyaloko Madimetja , Lubbe Welma , Minnie Karin
Published: October 2020

Background:

Mothers experience significant barriers to breastfeed in public spaces, which could result in a detrimental impact on the World Health Organization’s recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding. Failure to support and accept breastfeeding in public spaces could lead to mixed feeding or even abandonment of breastfeeding.

Objective:

The current study aimed to identify the knowledge of breastfeeding benefits and perceptions about it among mothers and community members in Alexandra, Gauteng Province, South Africa.

Methods:

A quantitative, non-experimental descriptive study was deployed using two structured questionnaires, which were distributed among mothers (n=96) and community members (n=96). All 192 questionnaires were completed and returned, although two questionnaires of mothers could not be used due to incompleteness. An excel spread sheet and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 was used to analyze the data.

Results:

The findings of the current study revealed a positive correlation between the knowledge level about breastfeeding benefits [infants (r=0.45, p≤0.000) and mothers (r=0.29, p≤0.000)] and perceptions in public spaces. Community members and mothers who were knowledgeable regarding breastfeeding benefits exhibited supportive attitudes towards breastfeeding in public spaces.

Conclusion:

Altogether, the majority of mothers (69%) were comfortable to breastfeed in public spaces, and community members (84%) were supportive. Limited knowledge of breastfeeding benefits was associated with unsupportive attitudes towards breastfeeding in public spaces. Health messages that target these factors are essential to encourage support and acceptance of breastfeeding in public spaces. This could be executed through public education via posters in public spaces and during community health outreaches.
Lipid-based Nano-phytomedicines for Disease Treatment and Theranostic Applications
Authors: Ali Faraat , Khasimbi Shaik , Ali Asad
Published: October 2020

:

Several lipid-based nanophytomedicines for illustrations, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanocomposites,
lipid carriers, phytosomes, cubosomes, nanoemulsions, microcapsules, ethosomes,
etc., are exploited to enhance the efficacy and safety of various bioactive phytochemicals with respect
to their delivery to therapeutic target sites. Less lipid solubility, week stability, complex moiety,
and inadequate metabolism in the gut are approximate of the serious problems of phytomedicine
that have been emphasized extremely. In addition, these help design therapeutically efficacious
and active nanophytomedicines. Disease diagnosis and compound imaging have also become
important applications of nano-phytomedicine now. The aim of this review is to provide the
current progress of lipid-based nanophytomedicines for the treatment of various life-threatening diseases
and their theranostic applications.
Weight Management Apps in Saudi Arabia: Evaluation of Features and Quality
Authors: Alshathri Dalal M , Alhumaimeedy Abeer S , Al-Hudhud Ghada , Alsaleh Aseel , Al-Musharaf Sara , Aljuraiban Ghadeer S
Published: October 2020

Background

Weight management apps may provide support and management options for individuals with overweight and obesity. Research on the quality of weight management mHealth apps among the Saudi population is insufficient despite frequent use.

Objective

The aims of this study were to explore user perceptions of weight management apps, explore reasons for starting and stopping app use, appraise the quality of weight management apps available in the App Store, and compare the features currently available within the app market and those that are most desirable to weight management app users.

Methods

A web-based survey consisted of 31 open and closed questions about sociodemographic information, general health questions, app use, app user perceptions, and discontinuation of app use. The quality of the weight management apps available on the App Store was assessed using the Mobile App Rating Scale and evidence-based strategies. We also used six sigma evaluations to ensure that the quality measured by the tools consistently meets customer expectations.

Results

Data from the survey were analyzed. Of the respondents, 30.17% (324/1074) had used a weight management app, 18.16% (195/1074) used the apps and stopped, and 51.68% (555/1074) had never used a weight management app. Of apps mentioned, 23 met the inclusion criteria. The overall average Mobile App Rating Scale quality of apps was acceptable; 30% (7/23) received a quality mean score of 4 or higher (out of 5), and 30% (7/23) did not meet the acceptability score of 3 or higher. Evidence-based strategy results showed that feedback was not observed in any of the apps, and motivation strategy was observed in only 1 app. The sigma results of evidence-based strategies reflect that most of the apps fail to pass the mean.

Conclusions

App users desired a feature that allows them to communicate with a specialist, which is a missing in the available free apps. Despite the large number and accessibility of weight management apps, the quality and features of most are variable. It can be concluded from six sigma results that passing the mean does not ensure that the quality is consistently distributed through all app quality properties and Mobile App Rating Scale and evidence-based strategies do not give developers an indication of the acceptance of their apps by mobile users. This finding stresses the importance of reevaluating the passing criterion, which is ≥50% for designing an effective app.
Domestifikasi Perempuan dalam Gerakan Islam Transnasional di Indonesia 1998 – 2016 M
Authors: Fathoni Rifai Shodiq
Published: October 2020

Gerakan Islam Transnasional yang berkembang setelah reformasi, mendudukkan perempuan pada posisi kuat dalam rumah tangga. Gerakan ini menggunakan istilah hijrah yaitu mengembalikan perempuan pada fitrahnya sesuai syariat Islam; perempuan bertugas mengurus rumah tangga dan laki-laki bekerja mencari nafkah. Kondisi ini sangat berbeda dengan gerakan kesetaraan gender yang mendorong perempuan untuk berkiprah di wilayah publik dan tidak hanya di wilayah domestik.

Kajian historis melalui literatur menunjukkan bahwa perempuan Indonesia banyak berkiprah pada sektor publik. Pada zaman pra kolonial perempuan Indonesia berperan sentral pada bidang perdagangan dan pertanian, pada zaman kerajaan Hindu Budha bahkan kerajaan Islam pernah terjadi perempuan memimpin kerajaan. Pada zaman Majapahit memerintah Tri Bhuana Tungga Dewi, pada kerajaan Islam di Aceh pernah memimpin Taj-Al Alam Safiatuddin dan Sri Sultanah Nur Al-Alam Nagiat ad-Din Syah yang memerintah di Kerajaan Aceh Darussalam. Di Jawa juga pernah memerintah kerajaan Islam Pajang yaitu Ratu Kalinyamat. Pada masa pergerakan, perempuan Indonesia juga sangat berperan seperti pejuang perempuan yang sekarang menjadi pahlawan perempuan. Gerakan Islam Transnasional yang menguat memberi andil besar terhadap gerakan perempuan Indonesia yang semakin terdomestifikasi. Gerakan ini kontraproduktif dengan gerakan kesetaraan gender yang telah berkembang di Indonesia pada saat ini.
Eksistensi Perempuan dalam Tari Masa Mangkunegera IX Bercermin pada Tari Bedhaya Anglir Mendhung dan Bedhaya Suryasumirat
Authors: Setiawan Nanang
Published: October 2020

Mangkunegara IX mempunyai peran yang sangat besar pada kaum perempuan karena memberi ruang dalam berkesenian. Bedhaya  Anglir Mendhung dan Bedhaya Suryasumirat menjadi tarian yang ditampilkan pada acara-acara sakral kerajaan yang diperankan oleh perempuan. Kedua tari tersebut menggambarkan pandangan hidup orang Jawa terhadap sikap ideal perempuan Jawa.

Pengambaran Perempuan Jawa harus mampu ditampilkan dalam karakter tari yang dibawakan. Kajian historis pada Bedhaya Anglir Mendhung dan Bedhaya Suryasumirat menunjukkan bahwa perempuan Jawa digambarkan bertutur kata halus, tenang, diam, tidak suka konflik, mementingkan harmoni, menjunjung tinggi nilai keluarga,  mampu mengerti dan memahami orang lain, sopan, pengendalian diri,  memegang peranan ekonomi, dan setia. Perempuan Jawa digambarkan sebagai perempuan yang tata dan semeleh.

Melalui tari yang telah diciptakan dan dibawakan tersebut perempuan Jawa mampu mengerahkan potensi dan kecerdasannya dalam mengekpresikan budaya Jawa yang sangat komplek melalui etika, religi dan rasa.
Wanita Dalam Pusaran Ekonomi: Migrasi Orang Yogyakarta ke Besuki Tahun 1930
Authors: Refiyanto Refi
Published: October 2020

Kondisi ekonomi yang menurun di wilayah Hindia Belanda (Jawa) pada akhir abad XIX menyebabkan perubahan pola migrasi warga Yogyakarta.  Pada awalnya migrasi laki-laki dilakukan ke tempat yang lebih jauh sedangkan perempuan bermigrasi lokal (ulang alik) pergi pagi dan pulang sore hari. Kondisi itu disebabkan oleh perbedaan peran yang masih dianut masyarakat bahwa perempuan masih mempunyai tanggung jawab terhadap anak dan keluarga sedangkan laki-laki pencari nafkah.

Kajian historis melalui studi pustaka ini menunjukkan bahwa tekanan ekonomi pada masyarakat Yogyakarta pada masa itu menyebabkan banyak perempuan yang melakukan migrasi jarak jauh ke karesidenan Besuki yang meliputi wilayah Kabupaten Banyuwangi dan Jember. Perubahan pola migrasi tersebut juga disebabkan oleh dibangunnya transportasi terutama kereta api. Sekitar 50% dari warga Yogyakarta yang melakukan migrasi adalah perempuan. Sebagian besar migran yang menuju Besuki bekerja pada sektor agroindustri.

Tekanan ekonomi yang terjadi di masyarakat merubah pola pikir tentang peran perempuan dan laki-laki dalam keluarga. Perempuan berubah dari sekedar mengurus rumah tangga menjadi bekerja pada sektor ekonomi. Sumber-sumber ekonomi yang berada di luar daerah menjadi tujuan. Karena tuntutan tersebut perempuan akhirnya bermigrasi ke sumber ekonomi tersebut walaupun itu jauh dari tempat tinggalnya.