bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S-Linked sialyloligosaccharides bearing liposomes and micelles as influenza virus inhibitors
Authors: Yeh Hsien-Wei , Lin Tzung-Sheng , Wang Hsiao-Wen , Cheng Hou-Wen , Liu Der-Zen , Liang Pi-Hui
Published: October 2015

S-Linked sialic glycoconjugates on liposome and micelle surfaces interacted with influenza virus hemagglutinin, interfering with the entry of the virus into the cell.
Palladium-catalyzed direct coupling of 2-vinylanilines and isocyanides: an efficient synthesis of 2-aminoquinolines
Authors: Wang Lijie , Ferguson Jamie , Zeng Fanlong
Published: October 2015

A variety of 2-aminoquinolines were prepared in good to excellent yields.
Chitosan/organic rectorite nanocomposites rapidly synthesized by microwave irradiation: effects of chitosan molecular weight
Authors: Huang Siqi , Yu Zhiming , Qi Chusheng , Zhang Yang
Published: October 2015

Chitosans with high and low molecular weight were intercalated into organic rectorite to prepare nanocompositesviaa microwave irradiation method for 75 min, which was much more efficient than the conventional 48 h heating method.
Fabrication of a triiodothyronine incorporated nanofibrous biomaterial: its implications on wound healing
Authors: Satish Aishwarya , Korrapati Purna Sai
Published: October 2015

Triiodothyronine incorporated nanofibers and its impact on wound healing.
Transition metal/metal oxide modified MCM-41 for pollutant degradation and hydrogen energy production: a review
Authors: Sahoo Dipti Prava , Rath Dharitri , Nanda Binita , Parida K. M.
Published: October 2015

Metal/metal oxide modified MCM-41 materials are suitable for various catalytic applications. The high surface area, mesoscopic pore size and tunable pore volume of the materials play a key role in enhancing the catalytic activity.
Unravelling the effect of flavonoids on the kinetic profiles of acrylamide in the Maillard reaction
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Qiao , Huang Mengmeng , Chen Xinyu
Published: October 2015

Flavonoids play a positive role in the fructose-participating Maillard reaction and significantly reduce the formation of acrylamide during the advanced reaction stage but not affect its elimination process.
Ultrasonic-spray-assisted synthesis of metal oxide hollow/mesoporous microspheres for catalytic CO oxidation
Authors: Li Benxia , Shao Xiankun , Hao Yonggan , Zhao Yan
Published: October 2015

Various transition metal oxide hollow or mesoporous microspheres with improved catalytic activities towards CO oxidation were prepared via a general ultrasonic-spray-assisted method.
In situ formation of polypropylene (PP) fibrils in the olefinic block copolymer (OBC): effect of viscosity ratio and OBC block architecture
Authors: Li Zhen , Sun Chengxiao , Li Xiaoyu , Zhang Qin , Fu Qiang
Published: October 2015

The universality of MFC concept is proven by using different PP to modify OBC with variable structures.
Leakage current characteristics in MOCVD grown InAs quantum dot embedded GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor
Authors: Islam Sk Masiul , Sarkar K. , Banerji P. , Sarkar Kalyan Jyoti , Pal Biswajit
Published: October 2015

Carrier transport vis-a-vis leakage current in GaAs MOS capacitors with various structures; quantum dot embedded devices show the lowest leakage.
A high performance ceria-based solid oxide fuel cell operating on underground coal gasification gas
Authors: Xiong Jie , Jiao Chengran , Han Minfang , Yi Wentao , Ma Jie , Yan Chunyan
Published: October 2015

A NiO-GDC‖GDC‖Ba0.9Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3−δ cell fed with UCG gas demonstrated exceptional electrochemical performance and desirable long term stability.
Oxidative-extractive deep desulfurization of gasoline by functionalized heteropoly acid catalysts
Authors: Yu Feng-Li , Liu Chun-Yu , Xie Pan-Hui , Yuan Bing , Xie Cong-Xia , Yu Shi-Tao
Published: October 2015

An Anderson-type heteropoly acid catalyst with IMo6O245− is applied for oxidative-extractive desulfurization, and the oxidation and the extraction are performed simultaneously.
Mathematical model for biomolecular quantification using large-area surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy mapping
Authors: Palla Mirkó , Bosco Filippo G. , Yang Jaeyoung , Rindzevicius Tomas , Alstrom Tommy S. , Schmidt Michael S. , Lin Qiao , Ju Jingyue , Boisen Anja
Published: October 2015

Based on single molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) intensity distribution theory, a mathematical model is developed for highly sensitive biomolecular quantification using Raman mapping on SERS substrates with planar geometries.
Carbonate-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of porous, hierarchical CuO microspheres and CuO/GO for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Shi Lin , Fu Xinxin , Fan Chenyao , Yu Siqi , Qian Guodong , Wang Zhiyu
Published: October 2015

Porous, hierarchical CuO microspheres were synthesized by a facile carbonate-assisted hydrothermal method and encapsulated with GO sheets through engineering the ionic strength in NaCl solution.
Preconcentration and determination of β-carotene nanoparticles in fruit and juice samples based on a micelle mediated system
Authors: Pourreza Nahid , Naghdi Tina
Published: October 2015

The method is based on the enrichment of β-carotene nanoparticles in a non-ionic surfactant phase using cloud point extraction.
Role of quaternary N in N-doped graphene–Fe2O3 nanocomposites as efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction and acetaldehyde degradation
Authors: Wang Hongjian , Raziq Fazal , Qu Yang , Qin Chuanli , Wang Jinshuang , Jing Liqiang
Published: October 2015

The quaternary N in N-doped graphene–Fe2O3 nanocomposites contributes to the obviously-improved photoactivities for CO2 reduction and for acetaldehyde degradation.
Graphene oxide/rhodanine redox chemistry and its application in designing high-performance elastomer/graphene composites
Authors: Yang Zhijun , Kuang Wenyi , Weng Peijin , Tang Zhenghai , Guo Baochun
Published: October 2015

Rhodanine modified graphene for high-performance elastomer/graphene composites.
Highly efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CH4 in an ionic liquid using a metal–organic framework cathode
Authors: Kang Xinchen , Zhu Qinggong , Sun Xiaofu , Hu Jiayin , Zhang Jianling , Liu Zhimin , Han Buxing
Published: October 2015

It has been discovered that Zn metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF) electrodes and ionic liquids are an excellent combination for the efficient and selective reduction of CO2 to CH4.
Self-assembled metallogels formed from N,N′,N′′-tris(4-pyridyl)trimesic amide in aqueous solution induced by Fe(iii)/Fe(ii) ions
Authors: Zhong Jin-Lian , Jia Xin-Jian , Liu Hui-Jin , Luo Xu-Zhong , Hong San-Guo , Zhang Ning , Huang Jian-Bin
Published: October 2015

We report the self-assembled metallogels formed from N,N′,N′′-tris(4-pyridyl)trimesic amide (TPTA) in aqueous solution containing Fe3+/Fe2+. This high selectivity of metallogel formation to Fe3+/Fe2+ may be used for the metallogel application in the test of Fe3+/Fe2+.
Dynamic orientation transition of the lyotropic lamellar phase at high shear rates
Authors: Fujii Shuji , Yamamoto Yuki
Published: October 2015

The dynamic orientation behavior of the lamellar phase of a triblock copolymer is studied in a wide range of shear rates as a function of solvent composition.
Facile interfacial charge transfer across hole doped cobalt-based MOFs/TiO2 nano-hybrids making MOFs light harvesting active layers in solar cells
Authors: Lee Deok Yeon , Lim Iseul , Shin Chan Yong , Patil Supriya A. , Lee Wonjoo , Shrestha Nabeen K. , Lee Joong Kee , Han Sung-Hwan
Published: October 2015

Hole doping leads to an efficient photo-induced interfacial charge transfer from MOFs to TiO2 and thereby the MOFs can harvest solar radiation to generate electricity.
PCL microspheres tailored with carboxylated poly(glycidyl methacrylate)–REDV conjugates as conducive microcarriers for endothelial cell expansion
Authors: Yuan Shaojun , Xiong Gordon , He Fei , Jiang Wei , Liang Bin , Pehkonen Simo , Choong Cleo
Published: October 2015

PCL microspheres were functionalized with carboxylated PGMA-REDV conjugates by a combination of surface-initiated ATRP and click reaction.
Correction: Biofunctionalized pectin hydrogels as 3D cellular microenvironments
Authors: Neves Sara C. , Gomes David B. , Sousa Aureliana , Bidarra Sílvia J. , Petrini Paola , Moroni Lorenzo , Barrias Cristina C. , Granja Pedro L.
Published: October 2015

Correction for ‘Biofunctionalized pectin hydrogels as 3D cellular microenvironments’ by Sara C. Neves et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2015, 3, 2096–2108.
Vision‐based fault inspection of small mechanical components for train safety
Authors: Liu Liu , Zhou Fuqiang , He Yuzhu
Published: October 2015

With the development of both hardware and software technologies in camera and computer, automated visual inspection system is being used more and more in intelligent transportation system for its high efficiency. For the safety operation, it is necessary to perform fault inspection for train mechanical components. As one of the most widely used small mechanical components in freight trains, bogie block key (BBK) is used to keep wheel sets from separating out of bogies, and its fault is likely to cause terrible accidents. This study proposes a vision‐based system to inspect the missing of BBK automatically. To ensure accurate and rapid fault inspection, a hierarchical detection framework consisting of fault area extraction and object detection is proposed. The purpose of fault area extraction is to divide image regions which contain the inspected component from the complex background. Subsequently, a component detector based on the sparse histograms of oriented gradients and support vector machine is proposed to verify the candidate image regions to check whether the BBK is missing or not. The experiments show that the proposed system realises the status inspection of BBK with high accuracy and high speed and can meet the need of actual applications.
Spectral control of asymmetric‐waveguide large signal modulated diode lasers for non‐linear applications
Authors: Avrutin Eugene A. , Dogru Nuran , Ryvkin Boris , Kostamovaara Juha T.
Published: October 2015

The ways of optimising the spectral linewidth of gain‐switched asymmetric waveguide lasers with a large effective spot size for applications in non‐linear optics are discussed. Theoretical analysis and comparison of different schemes of spectral narrowing for non‐linear applications is presented, and the ways of maximising the performance improvement offered by the large effective spot size are compared. It is shown that, while customised single‐frequency lasers are the most efficient in generating the non‐linear signal, Fabry–Perot lasers operated in self‐seeded gain‐switched or external cavity mode locked regime are also capable of combining the advantages of the large effective spot size with a spectral linewidth within the tolerances provided by the spectral acceptance of typical non‐linear elements.
Micro‐Doppler signatures of helicopters in multistatic passive radars
Authors: Bączyk Marcin Kamil , Samczyński Piotr , Kulpa Krzysztof , Misiurewicz Jacek
Published: October 2015

This study presents an analysis of micro‐Doppler signatures of helicopters obtained using a network of passive radar receivers utilising multistatic geometry. In the multistatic scenario, for each passive radar receiver the target is visible from different bistatic angles, which results in different micro‐Doppler signatures. This feature allows additional information on the observed helicopter target to be obtained. The presented concept has been successfully verified by the authors using the real micro‐Doppler signatures of a helicopter collected during the measurement campaign. As an illuminator of opportunity for the passive radar network a commercial digital video broadcasting‐terrestrial (DVB‐T) transmitter was used. The results of the applied micro‐Doppler analysis for the real multistatic passive radar measurement carried out are presented in this study. In addition, some examples of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images of helicopter rotor blades based on micro‐Doppler analysis in the multistatic configuration are shown in this study.
Surgical Treatment of Cavernous Angiomas in the Pineal Gland – Case Report
Authors: Chenisz Joseph , Yokoi Douglas , Fudalli Francine , Luvison Larissa , Mattozo Carlos
Published: October 2015

Pineal cavernous angioma is a vascular malformation that has a prevalence lower than 1%. The etiology is debated. It is believed that it is originated from an autosomal dominant inheritance or from radiotherapeutic treatment. Complete resection enables the cure and prevents complications of the natural evolution of the lesion, mainly hemorrhagic events. A female patient, with 67 years of age, presented mental confusion and visual acuity deficit, which evolved to periods of psychomotor agitation. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the head showed a lobulated mass lesion in the pineal region with hypersignal on T1 and hyposignal on the susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) sequence. Hydrocephalus was also noticed. The patient underwent a microsurgery for complete lesion resection though a supracerebellar/supratentorial access. The anatomopathology revealed an arteriovenous malformation compatible with cavernous angioma. The pineal cavernous angioma is a rare malformation that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of expansive lesions of the pineal gland.
Threshold-voltage modulated phase change heterojunction for application of high density memory
Authors: Yan Baihan , Tong Hao , Qian Hang , Miao Xiangshui
Published: October 2015

Phase change random access memory is one of the most important candidates for the next generation non-volatile memory technology. However, the ability to reduce its memory size is compromised by the fundamental limitations inherent in the CMOS technology. While 0T1R configuration without any additional access transistor shows great advantages in improving the storage density, the leakage current and small operation window limit its application in large-scale arrays. In this work, phase change heterojunction based on GeTe and n-Si is fabricated to address those problems. The relationship between threshold voltage and doping concentration is investigated, and energy band diagrams and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are provided to explain the results. The threshold voltage is modulated to provide a large operational window based on this relationship. The switching performance of the heterojunction is also tested, showing a good reverse characteristic, which could effectively decrease the leakage current. Furthermore, a reliable read-write-erase function is achieved during the tests. Phase change heterojunction is proposed for high-density memory, showing some notable advantages, such as modulated threshold voltage, large operational window, and low leakage current.
Benzonitrile: Electron affinity, excited states, and anion solvation
Authors: Dixon Andrew R. , Khuseynov Dmitry , Sanov Andrei
Published: October 2015

We report a negative-ion photoelectron imaging study of benzonitrile and several of its hydrated, oxygenated, and homo-molecularly solvated cluster anions. The photodetachment from the unsolvated benzonitrile anion to the X̃1A1 state of the neutral peaks at 58 ± 5 meV. This value is assigned as the vertical detachment energy (VDE) of the valence anion and the upper bound of adiabatic electron affinity (EA) of benzonitrile. The EA of the lowest excited electronic state of benzonitrile, ã3A1, is determined as 3.41 ± 0.01 eV, corresponding to a 3.35 eV lower bound for the singlet-triplet splitting. The next excited state, the open-shell singlet Ã1A1, is found about an electron-volt above the triplet, with a VDE of 4.45 ± 0.01 eV. These results are in good agreement with ab initio calculations for neutral benzonitrile and its valence anion but do not preclude the existence of a dipole-bound state of similar energy and geometry. The step-wise and cumulative solvation energies of benzonitrile anions by several types of species were determined, including homo-molecular solvation by benzonitrile, hydration by 1–3 waters, oxygenation by 1–3 oxygen molecules, and mixed solvation by various combinations of O2, H2O, and benzonitrile. The plausible structures of the dimer anion of benzonitrile were examined using density functional theory and compared to the experimental observations. It is predicted that the dimer anion favors a stacked geometry capitalizing on the π-π interactions between the two partially charged benzonitrile moieties.
The demonstration of the Si nano-tube device with the promising short channel control
Authors: Liao M.-H. , Chen P.-G.
Published: October 2015

In addition to the development of the nano-wire device, the vertical gate-all-around (V-GAA) Si nano-tube (NT) device structure is proposed with the promising device performance in this work. The vertical device structure makes the transistor easy to be scaled down continuously to meet the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor scaling needs of the 10/7 nm technology node and beyond. The NT device with the center hollow structure has the capability to deplete the out-of gate control carriers in the center of the nano-wire device and further results in the better device short channel control. Based on the simulation data, the V-GAA Si NT device can keep the Ion-state current the same and reduce the Ioff-state stand-by power. With the demonstration of the promising device performance, the proposed V-GAA Si NT device can be regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the future application of the sub-10/7 nm logic device.
Interaction between a vortex generator and a synthetic jet in a crossflow
Authors: Van Buren Tyler , Whalen Edward , Amitay Michael
Published: October 2015

The interaction of a combined vortex generator and a finite-span synthetic jet, i.e., a hybrid actuator, with a zero pressure gradient laminar boundary layer over a flat plate was explored experimentally using Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV). The free stream velocity was U∞ = 10 m/s corresponding to a Reynolds number based on the local boundary layer thickness Reδ ≈ 2000. The synthetic jet was activated at multiple blowing ratios, and the vortex generator (placed either upstream or downstream of the synthetic jet) had a height of 1.6 times the local boundary layer thickness. When exposed to the crossflow, the pitched and skewed synthetic jet and vortex generator independently produced a single streamwise vortex in the far field. However, when the combined synthetic jet and vortex generator were placed together on the flat plate, the two streamwise vortices, associated with the two devices, did not combine. When the vortex generator was upstream of the synthetic jet, the jet pushed the vortex generator’s vortex upward into the free stream. When the vortex generator was placed downstream of the synthetic jet, the vortex associated with it was completely destroyed. Although the presence of the vortex generator did not impact the added enstrophy from the synthetic jet, it resulted in higher velocities near the surface when the vortex generator was upstream of the synthetic jet. It was shown that placing the vortex generator upstream of the synthetic jet was imperative for the performance of the hybrid actuator.
Effects of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane doping on diketopyrrolopyrrole-based, low crystalline, high mobility polymeric semiconductor
Authors: Yoon Seongwon , Cho Jangwhan , Lee Han-Koo , Park Sungmin , Son Hae Jung , Chung Dae Sung
Published: October 2015

The effects of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) doping on diketopyrrolo-pyrrole-based polymeric semiconductors in terms of charge transport behavior and structural ordering are systematically investigated. Although the energy level offset between the polymeric semiconductor and the F4TCNQ acceptor was not particularly large, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that a low doping ratio of 1 wt. % is sufficient to tune the energy distance between the Fermi level and the HOMO level, reaching saturation at roughly 5 wt. %, which is further confirmed by the depletion mode measurements of field effect transistors (FETs). Structural analyses using grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) show that the overall degree of edge-on orientation is disturbed by the addition of dopants, with significant influence appearing at high doping ratios (>3 wt. %). The calculated charge carrier mobility from accumulation mode measurements of FETs showed a maximum value of 2 cm2/V·s at the optimized doping ratio of 1%, enabled by additional holes in the channel region, which results in a roughly 40% increase relative to the undoped device. Further increases in the doping ratio, however, resulted in worse FET performance, which can be attributed to structural deformation. This result suggests that the electrochemical doping method can be also applied to donor-acceptor copolymers to further enhance their charge transport characteristics, once the optimized doping condition has been established.
Elites in the City of London: Some Methodological Considerations
Authors: McDowell L
Published: October 2015

In this paper I discuss some of the methodological issues that researchers face in identifying and interviewing high-status workers. Although in the course of my research on workplace cultures in merchant banks in the City of London in the early 1990s I interviewed men and women in a range of occupations from messengers and cooks to financial analysts and company directors, in this paper I want to focus in particular on my experience of interviewing high-status employees, and on selecting and representing qualitative ‘data’. I also want to address an argument about the supposed empathy and commonality between women, often asserted in discussions of feminist research methods, that apparently creates particular conditions when women are interviewing women. I was interested in implications of these arguments when the respondents are men but the interviewer is a woman.
Hierarchical Organisation in Perception of Orientation
Authors: Spinelli Donatella , Antonucci Gabriella , Daini Roberta , Martelli Maria Luisa , Zoccolotti Pierluigi
Published: October 2015

According to Rock [1990, in The Legacy of Solomon Asch (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates)], hierarchical organisation of perception describes cases in which the orientation of an object is affected by the immediately surrounding elements in the visual field. Various experiments were performed to study the hierarchical organisation of orientation perception. In most of them the rod-and-frame-illusion (RFI: change of the apparent vertical measured on a central rod surrounded by a tilted frame) was measured in the presence/absence of a second inner frame. The first three experiments showed that, when the inner frame is vertical, the direction and size of the illusion are consistent with expectancies based on the hierarchical organisation hypothesis. An analysis of published and unpublished data collected on a large number of subjects showed that orientational hierarchical effects are independent from the absolute size of the RFI.

In experiments 4 to 7 we examined the perceptual conditions of the inner stimulus (enclosure, orientation, and presence of luminance borders) critical for obtaining a hierarchical organisation effect. Although an inner vertical square was effective in reducing the illusion (experiment 3), an inner circle enclosing the rod was ineffective (experiment 4). This indicates that definite orientation is necessary to modulate the illusion. However, orientational information provided by a vertical or horizontal rectangle presented near the rod, but not enclosing it, did not modulate the RFI (experiment 5). This suggests that the presence of a figure with oriented contours enclosing the rod is critical. In experiments 6 and 7 we studied whether the presence of luminance borders is important or whether the inner upright square might be effective also if made of subjective contours. When the subjective contour figure was salient and the observers perceived it clearly, its effectiveness in modulating the RFI was comparable to that observed with luminance borders.
Large Systematic Deviations in the Haptic Perception of Parallelity
Authors: Kappers Astrid M L
Published: October 2015

Recently, Kappers and Koenderink (1999 Perception28 781–795) showed that what subjects haptically perceive as parallel often deviates greatly from what is actually physically parallel. In their experiment, subjects had to rotate a test bar in such a way that it felt as though it was parallel to a reference bar. Their data were obtained with the right hand on a table plane to the right side of the median plane of the subject. The present study extends that work in a number of ways: (1) the locations of the stimuli cover the total reachable table plane; (2) distances between stimuli can also be large (more than 1 m); (3) experiments are done both unimanually (with the right and left hand) and bimanually. Like in the previous study, the results show large systematic deviations that correlate significantly with horizontal (left-right) distance between the two bars but not with vertical (forward–backward) distance. Thus we have established that a description of the results in terms of a horizontal gradient in the deviations is valid over a large part of haptic space, over large distances, and in both unimanual and bimanual conditions. The subject-dependent horizontal gradients ranged from −12° m−1 to −27° m−1 in the present experiment. In all conditions a significant haptic oblique effect can be demonstrated.
Aftereffects and the Representation of Stereoscopic Surfaces
Authors: Lee Billy
Published: October 2015

The structure of human disparity representation is examined through (i) adaptation experiments and (ii) model simulations of the data. Section 3 presents results of adaptation experiments designed to illuminate the structure of human disparity representation. Section 4 presents model simulations of three different disparity representation schemes. In the experiments, participants adapted to a 0.133 cycle deg−1 sinusoidally corrugated surface with 10 min of arc peak-to-trough disparity. A flat test surface was briefly presented, in which the aftereffect surface was perceived. Adapt and test surfaces were placed on disparity pedestals and thus presented in front of or behind the plane of fixation. The adapt surface could be offset from the fixation plane by ±8 to 24 min of arc. The test surface could be offset from the fixation plane by ±8 to 48 min of arc. The depth aftereffect was measured in different disparity planes by a nulling method and ‘topping-up’ procedure. Aftereffect tuning functions were obtained whose bandwidths, magnitudes, and tuning depended on the disparity planes of both the adapt and test surfaces. These parameters were used to constrain the models tested in section 4. On the basis of the two studies, it is argued that the human stereoscopic system encodes spatial changes of disparity using channels localised within disparity planes. A localised disparity-gradient model of the human representation of disparity is proposed.
Orientation-Specific Aftereffects to Mentally Generated Lines
Authors: Mohr Harald M , Linder Nicolas S , Dennis Hummel , Sireteanu Ruxandra
Published: October 2015

After staring at a pattern of tilted lines, subsequent lines appear to be tilted in the opposite direction (direct tilt aftereffect, TAE). In a previous fMRI study we have demonstrated a direct TAE solely induced by the mental imagination accompanied by adaptation of orientation-selective neurons located in the extrastriate cortex, supporting the assumption of a perception-like coding of mental images. In this study we enlarge and specify the evidence for a perception-like coding of orientation-imagination. First, we replicated the previously detected direct TAE induced by line imagination with altered design-variations to control possible perceptual task confounds. Second, we tried to induce two other orientation-specific aftereffects: indirect TAE and contrast-threshold elevation aftereffect by mental imagery. The results replicate a robust direct TAE by mental imagery and by visual stimulation, with no influence of attentional resource allocation or perceptual task confounds. We could not induce an indirect TAE, but observed a perception bias in the opposite direction of the indirect TAE. The mental imagery of lines induced no orientation-selective contrast-threshold elevation aftereffect. In general, mental imagery seems to influence visual perception, indicating that perceptual resources are used by mental imagery. However, the utilisation of visual resources seems to be somewhat different from utilisation by perception.
Unconventional Vertical Word-Order Impairs Reading
Authors: Bonfiglioli Claudia
Published: October 2015

Western written languages unfold across both the horizontal (from left to right) and the vertical (from top to bottom) dimensions. Culturally determined horizontal reading/writing habits are so pervasive that their influence can be found not only in visual scanning but also in performance across different domains and tasks. However, little is known on the effects of vertical word order. In the present study, a lexical decision task is used to show that reading performance is less efficient when verbal material is vertically arranged following a bottom-to-top order.
Some Varieties of Shadow Illusions: Split Shadows, Occluded Shadows, Stolen Shadows, and Shadows of Shadows
Authors: Casati Roberto
Published: October 2015

Shadows are visual objects and as such are subject to preference rules for segmenting the visual scene (such as Gestalt laws). These rules govern shadows along two dimensions: their general unity and individuation (eg they describe a certain area as a unitary shadow as opposed to a set of two distinct shadows), and their being the of a given object, as opposed to being the shadow of any other object in the scene (the shadow correspondence problem—Mamassian, 2004 Perception33 1279–1290). I describe a few phenomena that indicate the interplay of preferences in determining the final visual aspect of scenes in which shadows are present.
The More-or-Less Morphing Face Illusion: A Case of Fixation-Dependent Modulation
Authors: van Lier Rob , Koning Arno
Published: October 2015

A visual illusion is presented in which the perceived changes in a morphing sequence depend on eye movements. The phenomenon is illustrated using face morphs: When tracking a moving dot superimposed on a face morphing sequence, the changes in the morphing sequence seem rather small, but when the dot stops moving, the perceived extent of morphing suddenly becomes much larger. We explore this phenomenon further and discuss the observed effects.
Quantitative Analysis of Illusory Movement: Spatial Filtering and Line Localization in the Human Visual System
Authors: Jansonius Nomdo M , Stam Lucas , de Jong Tim , Pijpker Ben A
Published: October 2015

A narrow bar or line (width around 1 arcmin) between two fields of which the luminances are sinusoidally and in counterphase modulated in time appears to make an oscillatory movement. It is possible to annihilate this illusory movement with a real movement and thus to analyze this phenomenon quantitatively. Confirming previous studies, the amount of illusory movement (amplitude typically 10 arcsec) was proportional to the modulation depth of the fields and inversely proportional to the line width and the line contrast. The amount of illusory movement increased with defocus, a lower mean luminance, and eccentricity. The experimental results could be explained by a model that includes a linear low-pass spatial filter. For a Gaussian spatial filter, the standard deviation as derived from the experimental results was 1.1 arcmin (1.0–1.3 arcmin) (median with range of four observers) for well-focused, photopic, foveal viewing. We explored various criteria for line localization in the model (extremes and zero-crossings of Gaussian derivatives).
A Gestalt Account of Lightness Illusions
Authors: Gilchrist Alan
Published: October 2015

Illusions of lightness offer valuable clues to how lightness values are computed by the visual system. The traditional domain of lightness illusions must be expanded to include failures of constancy, as there is no distinction between these categories. Just as lightness is (relatively) constant in the face of changes in illumination level, so it is equally constant in the face of changes in background reflectance. Simultaneous lightness contrast, the most familiar lightness illusion, is fairly weak, and represents a failure of background-independent lightness constancy. It is argued that a combination of the highest-luminance rule of anchoring plus the Kardos idea of codetermination can account for most lightness illusions. Kardos suggested that the lightness value of a target surface is partly determined relative to the field of illumination (or framework) in which it is embedded, and partly relative to the neighboring field of illumination. Although Kardos did not apply his principle of codetermination to failures of background-independent constancy such as the simultaneous contrast illusion, this can be done rather easily by defining a framework as a perceptual group instead of identifying it strictly with an objective field of illumination.
Spatiotemporal Flicker Detector Model of Motion Silencing
Authors: Choi Lark Kwon , Bovik Alan C , Cormack Lawrence K
Published: October 2015

Motion can impair the perception of other visual changes. Suchow and Alvarez (2011a, Current Biology, 21, 140–143) recently demonstrated a striking ‘motion silencing’ illusion, in which the salient changes among a group of objects' luminances (or colors, etc) appear to cease in the presence of large, coherent object motion. To understand why the visual system might be insensitive to changes in object luminances (‘flicker’) in the presence of object motion, we constructed similar stimuli and did a systematic spectral analysis of them. We conducted human psychophysical experiments to examine motion silencing as a function of stimulus velocity, flicker frequency, and spacing; and we created a simple filter-based model as a working hypothesis of motion silencing. From the results, we found that the threshold of silencing occurs when the log frequency of object replacement is roughly one quarter of the log flicker frequency (the mean slope is approximately 0.27). The dependence of silencing on object spacing may be explained as a phenomenon of temporal sampling of the stimuli by the visual system. Our proposed model successfully captures the psychophysical data over a wide range of velocities and flicker frequencies.
The University of Ottawa Immersion Program
Authors: Séror Jérémie , Weinberg Alysse
Published: October 2015

This article reports on case studies of university students participating in the University of Ottawa French Immersion Study (FIS) program, the largest tertiary immersion option in Canada. This program allows Anglophone students to complete an undergraduate degree while taking academic courses in their second official language (French). Semi-structured interviews with case study participants were used to analyze immersion students’ accounts of their experiences within this program. Findings focus on the interactions offered to FIS students and their role in shaping students’ identities and orientation to French and Francophones. Through the FIS, students are able not only to acquire linguistic and disciplinary knowledge, but also engage, often for the first time, in in-depth and daily interactions with the French community. As a result, their discourse reflects an identification and coming together with the Francophone community thereby seeming to bridge a gap between English speakers and French speakers typically found in elementary and secondary immersion programs.
The hate that dare not speak its name?
Authors: Love Robbie , Baker Paul
Published: October 2015

This paper uses corpus-based methods to explore how British Parliamentary arguments against LGBT equality have changed in response to decreasing social acceptability of discriminatory language against minority groups. A comparison of the language of opposition to the equalisation of the age of consent for anal sex (1998–2000) is made to the oppositional language in debates to allow same-sex marriage (2013). Keyword, collocation and concordance analyses were used to identify differences in overall argumentation strategies, assessing the extent to which previously explicit homophobic speech (e.g. homosexuality as unnatural) has been replaced by more indirect strategies (e.g. less use of personalised argumentation via the pronoun I). We argue that while homophobic language appears to be on the decrease in such contexts, there is a mismatch between words and acts, requiring analysts to acknowledge the presence of more subtle indications of homophobic discourse in the future.
The paranoid style in politics
Authors: Hodges Adam
Published: October 2015

In American politics, the National Rifle Association (NRA) has asserted itself as a leading voice in the gun rights movement. The strident rhetoric emanating from the NRA leadership impacts the development of a broader discourse in American public life over gun rights — adiscourse of Second Amendment absolutism— that articulates a set of assumptions and explanations in defense of an absolutist stance against gun regulation in any form. This paper examines the ideologies that underlie this absolutist discourse and the identities those ideologies help to construct. In particular, the absolutist discourse is analyzed through the lens of what historian Richard Hofstadter termed “the paranoid style in American politics.” The aim is to isolate and expose the extremist elements of this discourse, which polarize political debate and hinder the democratic process.
“Threatening other” or “role-model brother”?
Authors: Szilágyi Anna
Published: October 2015

In the late 2000s far-right parties made significant gains in numerous countries of the European Union. Sharing the same agenda and discourse of discrimination, many of these parties collaborate today at the European level as well. Yet, it is unclear whether the contemporary European far-right is indeed homogenous in terms of ideology. This project in critical discourse analysis shows that the far-right in the EU is actually characterized by ideological diversity. The paper compares and contrasts how China, an emerging great power with a booming economy, has been portrayed in the early 2010s by far-right parties in the UK and Hungary. By identifying major references, metaphors, frames and argumentation schemes, the article concludes that despite belonging to the same party family, and being actual political allies, the British National Party (BNP) and the Jobbik party in Hungary construct fundamentally different images of the “Chinese Other”. The far-right in the UK, a major Western power, presents China clearly in hostile terms, mainly as a “dangerous, threatening intruder” into the British market. Additionally, in the discourse of the British far-right China is primarily identified as a communist dictatorship and used as a metaphor of oppression in the domestic UK context. Meanwhile, in Hungary, a post-communist country in Eastern Europe and a relatively recent member of the European Union, an opposite picture of China is constructed by the far-right. Here, China serves as a tool to distance Hungary from the West. China is positioned by the Hungarian far-right as a state where communism has lost its significance. By stressing the Asian origin of Hungarians, brotherhood is claimed among Hungarians and Chinese and China is presented as a “role model country” which successfully resisted “Western dominance”.
Political crisis and the Rise of the Far Right in Greece
Authors: Sotiris Panagiotis
Published: October 2015

The electoral rise of Golden Dawn from obscurity to parliamentary representation has drawn attention to its particular neo-fascist discourse. In sharp contrast to the tendency of most far-right movements in Europe to present themselves as being part of the political mainstream, Golden Dawn has never disavowed its openly neo-Nazi references. Its political and ideological discourse combines extreme racism, nationalism and authoritarianism along with traditional conservative positions in favour of traditional family roles and values and the Greek Orthodox Church. The aim of this paper is twofold: on the one hand to situate the ideology and discourse of Golden Dawn in a conjuncture of economic and social crisis, a crisis of the project of European Integration, and examine it as part of a broader authoritarian post-democratic and post-hegemonic transformation of the State in contemporary capitalism; on the other hand to criticize the position suggested recently that Golden Dawn was also the result of the supposedly “national-populist” discourse of the anti-austerity movement. On the contrary, we will insist on the opposition between the discourses and practices of Golden Dawn and the anti-austerity movement in Greece.
Explaining Korandjé
Authors: Souag Lameen
Published: October 2015

The intense Berber-Songhay language contact that produced Northern Songhay cannot be understood adequately without taking into account the existence of a Northern Songhay language outside the Azawagh valley — Korandjé, in Algeria — showing few, if any, signs of Tuareg contact. This article proposes a new explanation based on linguistic, epigraphic, and historical data: Western Berber-speaking Masūfa, present throughout northern Mali around 1200, founded Tabelbala to facilitate a new trade route; they chose Northern Songhay speakers, already a distinct group, for their experience in oasis farming and possibly copper mining. As Masūfa influence waned, the language was reoriented towards North Africa.
Introduction
Authors: Kim Mira , Matthiessen Christian M.I.M.
Published: October 2015

Discourse analysis has grown in applied linguistics since the 1970s and its application in translation studies became prominent in the 1990s (Munday 2012, 137). One of the topics in discourse analysis that has been given particular attention by translation scholars is the translation of choices within the textual metafunction, with particular focus on the role of Theme and its impact on thematic development in text. A number of studies have generated new insights into the translation of textual choices, for example concerning failures to recreate patterns of thematic progression. The growth of this area of research is a highly encouraging development since it had previously been largely neglected in translation studies (House 1997, 31). While these studies have focused on separate micro-issues in specific language pairs, the present article attempts to conduct a comprehensive review of existing studies on this topic in order to (i) highlight major topics addressed so far and (ii) make suggestions for further studies into this important area of translation from a systemic functional linguistic perspective.
Contrastive studies of cohesion and their impact on our knowledge of translation (English-German)
Authors: Steiner Erich
Published: October 2015

This article starts from the claim that knowledge about contrastive systems of cohesion and textual instantiations of these systems between English and German is important for translation, but that this knowledge is still fragmentary and insufficiently supported by empirical studies. This claim will be followed by three generalizing assumptions about contrastive differences in English-German cohesion which relate to (1) different degrees of local encoding of ambiguity in texts in terms of co-reference, (2) different degrees of registerial distinctions along the written-spoken and formal-informal distinctions, and (3) different orientations of discourses along the explicitness and information-density dimensions. These assumptions are being tested in corpus-based work in our group, and the currently available results will be summarized. The summary will be followed by a discussion and exemplification of implications for translation in both directions between English and German. As will be seen, an awareness of the main differences between English and German cohesion, between registers within these two languages and between written and spoken modes in particular are an important background for guiding translation strategies.
Speaker positioning in interpreter-mediated press conferences
Authors: Schäffner Christina
Published: October 2015

This article investigates potential effects which (the recontextualisation of) interpreted discourse can have on the positioning of participants. The discursive event which forms the basis of the analysis are international press conferences which bring politicians and journalists together. The dominant question addressed is: (How) do interpreter-mediated encounters influence the positioning of participants and thus the construction of interactional and social roles? The article illustrates that methods of (critical) discourse analysis can be used to identify positioning strategies which are employed by participants in such triadic exchanges. The data come from press conferences which involve English, German, and French as source and target languages.
Effectiveness of a Refuge for Lake Trout in Western Lake Superior II: Simulation of Future Performance
Authors: Akins Andrea L. , Hansen Michael J. , Seider Michael J.
Published: October 2015

Historically, Lake Superior supported one of the largest and most diverse Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush fisheries in the Laurentian Great Lakes, but Lake Trout stocks collapsed due to excessive fishery exploitation and predation by Sea Lampreys Petromyzon marinus. Lake Trout stocking, Sea Lamprey control, and fishery regulations, including a refuge encompassing Gull Island Shoal (Apostle Islands region), were used to enable recovery of Lake Trout stocks that used this historically important spawning shoal. Our objective was to determine whether future sustainability of Lake Trout stocks will depend on the presence of the Gull Island Shoal Refuge. We constructed a stochastic age-structured simulation model to assess the effect of maintaining the refuge as a harvest management tool versus removing the refuge. In general, median abundances of age-4, age-4 and older (age-4+), and age-8+ fish collapsed at lower instantaneous fishing mortality rates (F) when the refuge was removed than when the refuge was maintained. With the refuge in place, the F that resulted in collapse depended on the rate of movement into and out of the refuge. Too many fish stayed in the refuge when movement was low (0–2%), and too many fish became vulnerable to fishing when movement was high (≥22%); thus, the refuge was more effective at intermediate rates of movement (10–11%). With the refuge in place, extinction did not occur at any simulated level of F, whereas refuge removal led to extinction at all combinations of commercial F and recreational F. Our results indicate that the Lake Trout population would be sustained by the refuge at all simulated F-values, whereas removal of the refuge would risk population collapse at much lower F (0.700–0.744). Therefore, the Gull Island Shoal Refuge is needed to sustain the Lake Trout population in eastern Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior.

Received November 14, 2014; accepted July 7, 2015