bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of urinary incontinence among institutionalized elderly and its relationship to mental state, functional independence, and associated comorbidities
Authors: Quadros Layse Biz de , Aguiar Alessandra , Menezes Alessandra Vieira , Alves Elysama Fernandes , Nery Tatyana , Bezerra Poliana Penasso
Published: June 2022

Urinary incontinence is defined as the involuntary loss of urine through the urethra, which may cause many social and hygienic problems and changes that compromise social life such as depression, shame, and isolation, with higher prevalence in women than in men. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in a sample of institutionalized elderly and analyze its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, cognitive function, and functional independence. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study. It included 27 seniors of both genders, living in a long-term care facility who met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence was determined by the percentage of elderly patients with urinary incontinence; sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities were evaluated through a standard history record, reviewed with data from medical records; cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, and functional independence was assessed using the modified Barthel scale, while the comparison between groups was made through the Student t test and the associations, through the chi-square test. Results: Nine subjects (33.33%) had urinary incontinence. There was an association between gender and urinary incontinence, with higher prevalence for females (p = 0.029). Urinary incontinence was associated with low educational level (p = 0.014), time at the institution (p = 0.004), functional classification (p = 0.003), and cognitive impairment (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Urinary incontinence is common in elderly residents in long term care facilities, with a higher prevalence in women and was associated with low education, longer time at the institution, greater dependence in performing activities, and greater cognitive impairment
Permanência prolongada na postura sentada e desconforto físico em estudantes universitários
Authors: Caromano Fátima Aparecida , Amorim Cristina Aparecida Padoin de , Rebelo Cristina de Fátima , Contesini Adriana Maria , Fávero Francis Meire , Frutuoso Jecilene Rosana Costa , Kawai Milena Missa , Voos Mariana Callil
Published: June 2022

A evolução do homem promoveu adoção da postura sentada por períodos prolongados, induzindo alterações biomecânicas e fisiológicas no corpo. No ensino, a adoção desta postura pode induzir distúrbios musculoesqueléticos e desconforto físico, associado ou não com aprendizagem. Objetivo:Quantificar e caracterizar o tempo de permanência na postura sentada por estudantes universitários e avaliar relação do tempo com queixas de dor e/ou desconforto. Método: Estudo quali-quantitativo. Coleta dos dados feita por meio de diário. Participaram 47 universitários que registraram número de horas na postura sentada, atividades, presença de dor e/ou desconforto e responderam pergunta aberta sobre suas observações referentes ao período experimental. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva e calculado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman entre elas, duas a duas. As respostas à pergunta aberta foram categorizadas e agrupadas segundo a frequência e similaridade. Resultados: Estudantes avaliados permaneceram longos períodos sentados (13,4 DP 1,5 horas). Percepção de desconforto do mobiliário foi relevante. Queixas de desconforto e/ou dor podem estar relacionadas com a permanência prolongada na postura sentada. Os locais com mais queixas de dor foram a cabeça, região cervical, ombros e lombossacral. Quanto maior o tempo na postura sentada, maior a incidência de queixas dor. Não se pode afirmar que a dor provoque ou aumente o nível de estresse. Conclusão: O diário foi ferramenta útil para coleta de dados e serviu como instrumento de interferência na auto-observação e autocuidado. Este estudo contribui para o entendimento de como a postura sentada afeta universitários e fornece indicadores para futuras intervenções.
Balance and antecipatory postural adjustments in elderly fallers: effects of kinesiotherapy and virtual rehabilitation
Authors: Franciulli Patrícia Martins , Silva Gislene Gomes da , Bigongiari Aline , Barbanera Márcia , Razi Neto Semaan El , Mochizuki Luis
Published: June 2022

Aging causes a number of changes in motor control of the individual and consequently in postural adjustments. Objective: To evaluate the balance and anticipatory postural adjustments of the agonist muscles and the ankle joint antagonists and compare the effect of rehabilitation virtual and kinesiotherapy in the elderly. Methods: Twenty four elderly participated of this study divided into two groups. 12 participants and the kinesiotherapy group by 12 participants composed the virtual rehabilitation group, equally. The treatment protocol was conducted for six weeks. Virtual rehabilitation group used Xbox 360 with kinect and Your Shape Fitness Evolved game. In the kinesiotherapy group the same protocol exercises were performed. Results: The results indicated a statistically significant difference between pre and post intervention phases in Berg Balance Scale in both groups. There was decreased activation of tibialis anterior muscle in the right functional range of task after interventions, and increased lateral gastrocnemius muscle activation rights in the trunk flexion after training. No differences were observed in muscle activation between the two types of intervention. Conclusion: Protocols with therapeutic exercise and virtual rehabilitation were effective in improving balance and functional capacity of fallers, with no differences between the two types of intervention
Comparação de duas “doses ideais” de alongamento
Authors: Grandi Leonardo
Published: June 2022

Apesar de sua grande utilização, os exercícios de alongamento têm sido muito pouco estudados no que diz respeito aos seus efeitos crônicos e ao número de repetições e a duração de cada repetição que deve ser utilizada em uma sessão. Com o objetivo de comparar duas “doses ideais” de alongamento (número e duração das repetições de um exercício) preconizadas em experimentos que utilizaram metodologia e amostras diferentes, foi feito um estudo tipo antes-depois com 8 indivíduos (seis homens, duas mulheres) com idades entre 22 e 33 anos. Inicialmente foi feita uma goniometria para mensuração da extensão máxima de cada joelho, com o quadril posicionado a 90º de flexão e, depois, a divisão da amostra em um grupo-controle com três indivíduos e um grupo teste de cinco indivíduos que realizou: no membro inferior esquerdo (MIE) 4 repetições de 18s de alongamento para a musculatura isquiotibial e no membro inferior direito (MID), 1 repetição de 30s. Após 3 semanas realizando esses exercícios 1 vez por semana, foram feitas novas goniometrias. Após análise utilizando o teste-t emparelhado, foi encontrado ganho significativo de arco de movimento (ADM) no grupo de MIEs (4 repetições de 18s) e no de MIDs (1 repetição de 30s) e não foi encontrado ganho nos membros inferiores do grupo-controle. Foram então comparados os ganhos de ADM dos grupos de MIEs e MIDs usando o teste-t simples e não foi evidenciada diferença significativa, o que sugere que as duas doses são igualmente eficazes para a musculatura isquiotibial.
Eyewall Asymmetries and Their Contributions to the Intensification of an Idealized Tropical Cyclone Translating in Uniform Flow
Authors: Martinez Jonathan , Davis Christopher A. , Bell Michael M.
Published: June 2022

Scale-dependent processes within the tropical cyclone (TC) eyewall and their contributions to intensification are examined in an idealized simulation of a TC translating in uniform environmental flow. The TC circulation is partitioned into axisymmetric, low-wavenumber (m = 1–3), and high-wavenumber (m > 3) categories, and scale-dependent contributions to the intensification process are quantified through the azimuthal-mean relative (vertical) vorticity and tangential momentum budgets. To further account for the interdependent relationship between the axisymmetric vortex structure and eyewall asymmetries, the analyses are subdivided into three periods—early, middle, and late—that represent the approximate quartiles of the full intensification period prior to the TC attaining its maximum intensity. The asymmetries become concentrated among lower azimuthal wavenumbers during the intensification process and are persistently distributed among a broader range of azimuthal scales at higher altitudes. The scale-dependent budgets demonstrate that the axisymmetric and asymmetric processes generally oppose each other during TC intensification. The axisymmetric processes are mostly characterized by a radial spinup dipole pattern, with a tangential momentum spinup tendency concentrated along the radius of maximum tangential winds (RMW) and a spindown tendency concentrated radially inward of the RMW. The asymmetric processes are mostly characterized by an opposing spindown dipole pattern that is slightly weaker in magnitude. The most salient exception occurs from high-wavenumber processes contributing to a relatively modest, net spinup along the RMW between ∼2- and 4-km altitude. Given that the maximum tangential winds persistently reside below 2-km altitude, eyewall asymmetries are primarily found to impede TC intensification.

Significance Statement

The convection fueling a tropical cyclone progressively organizes into a compact region called the eyewall where the strongest winds and rainfall occur. As the tropical cyclone intensifies, convection in the circular eyewall becomes more uniform, and the eyewall takes the appearance of a ring. We call this ring shape the “symmetric” part of the eyewall. As convection in the eyewall evolves and interacts, the eyewall becomes deformed and develops wiggles. We call these wiggly shapes the “asymmetric” parts of the eyewall. We demonstrate that the symmetric part of the eyewall helps intensification. The asymmetric parts of the eyewall mostly hurt intensification except during the earlier stages. Our results indicate that a symmetric eyewall shape is preferable for tropical cyclone intensification.
The Hernia Coding Conundrum: A Potential Benefit of the International Hernia Collaboration Online Social Media Platform
Authors: Beeson Seth , Faulkner Justin , Durbin Breanna , Miller John , Hope William
Published: June 2022

Background

Despite various resources on the subject, there remain questions regarding billing and coding hernia surgery. Recently, social media has been used to disseminate information in about surgery. The purpose of this project is to evaluate posts relating to coding through one online social media platform.

Materials and Methods

The International Hernia Collaboration Facebook site was queried with terms relating to coding. Inclusion criteria were post discussing coding on the site. Posts relating to coding were reviewed by at least 2 reviewers. Number of comments, main topic of question, and additional information about codes were recorded and descriptive statistics generated.

Results

There were 100 posts found using the search term coding of which 85 met inclusion criteria. Post ranged from 5/2014 to 6/2021. Posts were from 72 surgeons with an average of 12 responses per post. Posts most commonly related to ventral and incisional hernia (53) followed by inguinal (18), other (19), diaphragm (4), and inguinal/ventral (1). For the ventral/incisional hernia, the most common posts were related to myofascial release techniques (29) followed by mesh (6), botox (5), hernia prevention (3), other (3), robotic surgery (2), open surgery (2), rectus diastasis (2), and laparoscopy (2).

Discussion

There remains controversies over coding for hernia repair particularly myofascial releases in ventral and incisional and new techniques using the robot. An online social media platform appears to be a viable way to disseminate coding information and generate discussion. Further study is needed to evaluate the role of social media for coding.
Situations That Preclude Routine Intraoperative Cholangiography
Authors: Beeson Seth , Faulkner Justin , Oyola Anna , Novosel Timothy , Hope William
Published: June 2022

Intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) is a useful tool for surgeons to assess anatomy of the biliary tree and diagnose biliary pathology. Many surgeons utilize cholangiography in most cases in hopes of preventing ductal injuries and are deemed routine cholangiographers. There is little data on the success rate and reasons why IOC is not performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of routine cholangiography and to determine reasons why cholangiography was not performed. 693 cholecystectomies were analyzed. Intraoperative cholangiogram was attempted in 553 (79.8%) of these cases. The success rate of performing cholangiograms in those attempted was 93.3%. Intraoperative cholangiogram was not attempted in 140 patients (20.2%) for various reasons. Although many surgeons consider themselves routine cholangiographers, there are times when IOC is not feasible. Knowledge of these reasons may help clarify indications for IOC. For most cases, routine cholangiography appears to be feasible.
Recurrent Strokes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Direct Oral Anticoagulant Agents
Authors: Frol Senta , Hudnik Liam K. , Sernec Lana P. , Šabovič Mišo , Šurlan Popovič Katarina , Pretnar Oblak Janja
Published: June 2022

Recurrent ischemic strokes (IS) in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulant agents (DOACs) are rare. Knowledge regarding the type of recurrent IS and predisposing factors is insufficient. We analyzed a cohort of 1001 patients (77.6 ± 9.2 years; females: 57.1%) with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with DOACs as part of secondary prevention after initial IS or transient ischemic attack. Cardiovascular risk factors, stroke etiology, and Fazekas score based on computed tomography images at the time of the initial IS were assessed. Low Fazekas scores were defined as 0 or 1 and high scores were 2 or 3. Recurrent IS occurred in 46 patients (4.6%, annual rate 1.6%) during the observation period (2.8 ± 1.8 years). Stroke was cardioembolic in 20 patients (43.5%), lacunar in 19 patients (37.5%) and large artery stroke in 6 patients (19.2%). Non-cardioembolic stroke was more common (75.0 vs 26.7%; P = .002) in patients with high Fazekas scores. Arterial hypertension was more frequent ( P = .027) in patients with high (93.3%) vs low (68.8%) Fazekas scores. Recurrent IS was predominantly non-cardioembolic with higher Fazekas score and arterial hypertension as predisposing factors. The reported hypothesis-generating results regarding the clinical relevance of the Fazekas score should be further evaluated.
Racial Discrimination and Risky Sex: Examining Cognitive-Emotional Factors in Black College Students
Authors: Marks Laura Reid , Schimmel-Bristow Allison , Harrell-Williams Leigh M. , Hargons Candice
Published: June 2022

Using the lifespan biopsychosocial model of cumulative vulnerability and minority health as a theroretical lens, the present study proposed two models to test the relationships among racial discrimination, cognitive–emotional factors, and risky sexual behaviors in a sample of 302 Black college students in the United States. Our models provided support for some of the hypothesized direct and indirect pathways. As expected, overt racial discrimination and subtle racial discrimination (i.e., racial microaggression) were both positively related to cognitive–emotional factors (i.e., anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and hostility). Racial microaggressions were significantly positively related to risky sexual behaviors, but overt racial discrimination was not. Hostility was the only cognitive–emotional factor that facilitated an indirect, significant effect from racial microaggressions to risky sexual behaviors. Potential implications are discussed for practice, training programs, and future counseling psychology research with Black college students using the lifespan biopsychosocial model of cumulative vulnerability and minority health.
Anglicisms in Ladin: Loanwords and Local Perceptions
Authors: Erardi Silvia , Gardner Ronald L. , Comploi Sara
Published: June 2022

Italy counts approximately 12 minority groups within its territory. Among these are the Ladins located in the Autonomous Provinces of Trento and Bolzano. This thesis is the first known sociolinguistic research on English loanword usage in Ladin publications and broadcasts, and individual perceptions of their use. Its findings were acquired from a survey of one Italian Ladin community’s perception of the use of Anglicisms. Combined, we find that many of the English loanwords being borrowed by Ladins are associated with technology, tourism, and business. Moreover, we find that while Ladins are critical of the use of loanwords, they do not perceive English as a threat to the preservation of the Ladin language. In addition, we find our sample is divided over whether new Ladin lexicon should be created to limit borrowing.
Application of computed tomography data–based modelling technique for polymeric low density foams, Part B: Characterization of the mechanical behaviour
Authors: Hössinger-Kalteis Anna , Reiter Martin , Jerabek Michael , Major Zoltán
Published: June 2022

The non-linear material behaviour of low density polypropylene foams is investigated under several quasi-static loading conditions with a combined modelling technique based on computed tomography data and Voronoi diagrams. A simulation methodology for determining the linear elastic properties is introduced in Hössinger-Kalteis et al. (2021). In this paper, the methodology is extended regarding the material model, where additionally the non-linear region is considered. The model takes into account property determining microstructural features like orientation-dependent cell wall thicknesses and anisotropic cell shapes. Thus, the anisotropic material behaviour under tension and compression load is estimated for extrusion foams with different densities utilizing the microstructural simulation model. Based on the characterized behaviour under tension and compression, constitutive models are generated. These are implemented in bending test simulations due to lower computational effort. The simulation results are validated with experimental results, which shows that the model gives satisfactory results.
Assange, mental health and assurances in extradition
Authors: Arnell Paul , Forrester Professor Andrew
Published: June 2022

Julian Assange is wanted by the United States so it can prosecute him for espionage and hacking. His extradition was barred on mental health grounds. That decision has been overturned. The English High Court has accepted US assurances detailing how he will be treated if transferred. Assange is seeking to appeal to the UK Supreme Court. Mental health-related issues have played a central role in his case to date, and look to continue to do so. The specific timing and effect of assurances are central to the present litigation. The Supreme Court will imminently decide on the next stage in Assange’s fight against extradition.
More lesson learning, less risk aversion in England and Wales? Prospects for the police (conduct) regulations 2020
Authors: Heaton Robert , Tong Stephen
Published: June 2022

This article assesses police lesson learning in the context of complaints. First, it discusses their incidence and accounts of complainants’ and officers' perspectives. The genesis of ‘lesson learning’ and the provisions of the Police (Conduct) Regulations 2020 are summarised. Finally, it considers the extent to which the system is likely to replace ‘blame’ with ‘lesson learning’, taking account of psychological effects such as cognitive dissonance. The conclusions are drawn that whilst emphasis on lesson learning is welcome, its application requires an improvement-focussed approach requiring investment in training to reach its potential. The effect on police risk aversion will probably be modest.
The Elephant in the GSA: Associations Between Discussions of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election and Mental Health Outcomes in Gender-Sexuality Alliances
Authors: O’Brien Michael D. , Marx Robert A. , Calzo Jerel P. , Poteat V. Paul , Ceccolini Christopher J.
Published: June 2022

The 2016 U.S. Presidential election led to a rise in mental health concerns among marginalized youth. We consider how LGBTQ+ and ally youth responded in Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs). In this secondary analysis, we used survey data to assess for associations between frequency of discussions of the election in GSAs and mental health outcomes. We found that youth in GSAs that discussed the election and its sequelae more frequently reported lower depressive symptoms at the end of the year, but this association held true only for White youth and not racial/ethnic minority youth and only in the 2016 to 2017 academic year and not the 2017 to 2018 academic year. Implications are discussed.
Married Women Migrating from Rural Uttar Pradesh and Bihar: Juggling Family Duty and Aspirations
Authors: Deshingkar Priya , Tripathi Jyoti
Published: June 2022

This article traces the experiences of accompanying wives who had migrated with their husbands from southern Bihar and Uttar Pradesh and returned to their villages during the COVID-19 pandemic. It dwells on post-marriage migration and work which is an under-researched aspect of women’s migration. Our study offers insights into the ways in which married women navigate power relations within the family as well as their places of work to fulfil their family obligations and personal aspirations. The analysis shows how they juggle multiple family roles as wives, mothers, daughters-in-law and daughters in their decisions related to (im)mobility, work and earning. Theoretically, the article speaks to the production of gendered and racialised work and how these fit into capitalist accumulation, women’s productive and reproductive labour, and the tensions between family duties and personal aspirations. The women in the study were ‘factory’ workers, home-based workers and ‘homeworkers’, all with different subjectivities. Although women’s work and mobility are shaped by patriarchal norms in both states, the women in our study were pushing the boundaries of tradition and asserting their views within the family. Work in cities has given them the means of fulfilling aspirations, especially related to their children’s education.
Television, Brands, and the Pandemic: How Spanish TV Channels Treated the Brands Most Valued for Their CSR During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Sanjuán Pérez Antonio , Videla Rodríguez José Juan , Nozal Cantarero Teresa , Martínez Costa Sandra
Published: June 2022

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in March 2020, the Spanish Government announced a total lockdown of the population and the interruption of all nonessential economic activity. From this point, televisions adapted their programming schedules by reducing their usual informative content, such as sport or economic segments. In this context, it would be reasonable to assume that the overall television coverage devoted to the main Spanish brands would decrease, but what about those considered to be most active in the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR)? In this work, we analyze the presence of the Spanish brands that are most valued for their CSR on the four main television channels with the highest audience over the two months of total lockdown, and also in the online press. The study confirms that the television coverage of these brands was not only reduced but was also mostly positive during the pandemic, so it reveals the CSR importance in crisis periods.
Blood purification therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring veno-venous ECMO therapy: A retrospective study
Authors: Akil Ali , Ziegeler Stephan , Rehers Stephanie , Ernst Erik Christian , Fischer Stefan
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Patients with severe manifestations of COVID-19 might exhibit characteristics of a sepsis-like syndrome that can progress to multiple organ failure and ultimately death. Underlying mechanism have been explored and suggest a profound dysregulation of the immune system associated with hyperinflammation, hemodynamic instability and respiratory failure. Besides standard intensive care treatment, approaches modulating the dysregulated immune response, such as CytoSorb hemoadsorption, have been used. However, data of ECMO-dependent patients in comparison to a control cohort remain scarce.

Methods:

Included were 26 critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring high-flow veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (high-flow VV ECMO) therapy due to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), of whom 16 were additionally treated with an extracorporeal hemoadsorption device, and compared to a control group of 10 patients. Assessed were levels of inflammatory markers, vasopressor requirements, oxygenation parameters, as well as clinically relevant outcome variables. Data were prospectively recorded and retrospectively analyzed.

Results:

Treatment with the applied multimodal therapy approach resulted in a stabilization in hemodynamics, a control of the hyperinflammatory response as evidenced by a significant reduction in inflammatory mediators, as well as a marked improvement in lung function. No device related adverse events were observed while treatment appeared safe and feasible.

Conclusion:

Treatment of a critically ill COVID-19 ARDS patients with combined VV ECMO support and hemoadsorption therapy led to a rapid and sustained hemodynamic stabilization, a control of the uncontrolled inflammatory response and an improvement in oxygenation. Given these signals pointing toward a patient-oriented benefit of extracorporeal hemoadsorption therapy in those patients, future controlled, randomized studies should focus on the investigation of the appropriate timing and dosing of this promising treatment modality.
Can social media data be freely used? Participants’ ethical perceptions toward using their social media data in research
Authors: Chen Yi , Li Si , He Ruoxuan
Published: June 2022

In the big data environment, various systems and platforms have provided billions of data points to researchers. The large amount of user data on social media platforms has become a source for research data for many kinds of research. However, few scholars realize the ethical risks in the collection and utilization of social media data, and many ignore the ethical needs of users themselves. Users’ concerns should be considered when formulating ethical guidelines. This study takes Sina Microblog (the world’s largest Chinese social media platform) users as the research subject, hoping to provide data from Chinese users and provide evidence for differences in users’ ethical perceptions in different cultural contexts. Within our survey sample, few users had previously known that their microblogs could be collected and used by researchers, and the majority believed that researchers should not use their microblogs without consent. We also found differences in cognition regarding ethical issues in social media data research across groups.
A Proactive Behavioral Activities Program (EWA) and the Influence of COVID-19 among Seniors in Congregate Living Communities
Authors: Montoro-Rodriguez Julian , Hayslip Bert , Ramsey Jennifer
Published: June 2022

Older adults in affordable housing are at risk for mental health problems, physical vulnerability, and isolation. We examine the role of an activities program in buffering the influence of life stressors on the mental health of seniors in congregate housing, using a non-experimental pretest–posttest study design. Results based upon repeated measures analyses ( N = 29), found statistically significant ( p < .05) program by time effects for depression, coping strategies, positive affect, isolation, and resident satisfaction. Analyses based upon independent samples of pretest and posttest measures ( N = 60) were considerably less strong, but consistent in yielding similar patterns to those of the longitudinally gathered data. Our longitudinal findings substantiate the positive impact of the Engage with Age program in supporting older adults living in congregate housing. Researchers need to develop strategies to assess and support the mental health of older persons in low-income urban congregate living in the larger context of COVID-19.
Theorizing from the Margins: A Tribute to Lewis and Rose Laub Coser
Authors: Hoang Kimberly Kay
Published: June 2022

This article is an adaptation of the sixteenth Lewis A. Coser lecture, given virtually in 2021 for the American Sociological Association Meetings. In this article, I pay tribute to Lewis and Rose Laub Coser by engaging with their past work, which inspired a theoretical provocation about what it means to theorize from the margins. I specifically address the questions of who gets to be a theorist and what kinds of theoretical work get marginalized. I outline the process of epistemic oppression involved in trying to publish marginal ideas in mainstream journals. I argue that the relationship between mainstream sociology and what I refer to as “marginal” requires a relational perspective that (1) situates both marginalized scholars and their scholarship in the broader discipline of sociology and (2) examines the epistemic oppression of their theories regardless of their sometimes-powerful institutional positioning in highly ranked departments or as leaders within various professional associations.
The Effectiveness of Virtual Lactation Support: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Blackmore Alicia , Howell Brittany , Romme Kristen , Gao Zhiwei , Nguyen Hai , Allwood Newhook Leigh Anne , Twells Laurie
Published: June 2022

Background:

The World Health Organization recommends lactation support to enhance the rates of exclusive breastfeeding. Access to in person lactation support may be limited due to scarcity of resources (e.g., healthcare professionals) and geography. Advances in technology have allowed lactation supports to be offered virtually through information and communication technologies (i.e., telephone, internet, and social media).

Research Aims:

To (1) critically review and (2) statistically analyze the effectiveness of virtual lactation support for postpartum mothers’ exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months.

Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they were (a) randomized controlled trials, (b) with a virtual lactation support intervention during the postpartum period, (c) reported on exclusive breastfeeding outcomes. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias and extracted data. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in each group and the total number of participants randomized for each group were entered into random-effects meta-analyses to calculate a pooled relative risk (RR) at three different time points (1, 4, and 6 months). The sample size was 19 randomized control trials.

Results:

Of the 19 studies, 16 (84.2%) were included in the meta-analysis ( n = 5,254). Virtual lactation support was found to be effective at increasing exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month (RR, 1.21; 95% CI [1.09, 1.35]; p < .001) and 6 months (RR, 1.87; 95% CI [1.30, 2.68]; p < .001).

Conclusion:

In this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing virtual lactation support with other postnatal maternity care, virtual lactation support was associated with increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates at 1 month and 6 months postpartum. The study protocol was registered (CRD42021256433) with PROSPERO
Association Between Social Support and Depression Help-Seeking Behaviors Among U.S. Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Wang Xiaochuan , Bergren Stephanie , Dong XinQi
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Depression has become one major mental health concern among Asian older adults. Yet, less is known about the role of social support on depression help-seeking among this population. This study examined the association between positive (i.e., open up to, rely on) and negative (i.e., too many demands, criticism) social support and depression help-seeking among U.S. Chinese older adults. Methods: Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE). Study sample consisted of 994 U.S. Chinese older adults with depressive symptoms. Results: Stepwise logistic regression results indicated that greater positive social support was associated with increased likelihood of both formal and informal help-seeking behaviors, whereas negative support was not a significant predictor. Discussion: Findings highlight the key role of positive social support in influencing U.S. Chinese older adults’ depression help-seeking behaviors. Tailored strategies are recommended to better meet the mental health needs of this vulnerable population.
An ensemble fault diagnosis method for rotating machinery based on wavelet packet transform and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Jiang Li , Wu Lin , Tian Yu , Li Yibing
Published: June 2022

Deep learning has made fascinating achievements in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. However, the individual deep learning models generally have poor performances under variable operating conditions or noise environment. Additionally, they are prone to overfitting when dealing with unbalanced fault data. Therefore, an ensemble method based on wavelet packet transform (WPT) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is presented for rotating machinery fault diagnosis. First, the raw signals are transformed into multiple wavelet packet coefficients with local information and a reconstructed signal with global information through WPT. Then, these signals are separately fed into the corresponding CNN models for diagnosis. Finally, the diagnosis results of multiple CNNs are combined into a more stable and accurate diagnosis result through the improved weighted voting strategy. The proposed method is applied to the fault diagnosis of the motor bearing and the CNC machine tool spindle bearing. Compared with the other traditional diagnosis methods, the results show that the proposed method achieves a better diagnostic performance.
Kinematic study of feasibility of geared planar parallel manipulator
Authors: Luputi Antonio-Marius-Flavius , Lovasz Erwin-Christian , Ceccarelli Marco , Sticlaru Carmen , Scurt (Stoian) Ana-Maria
Published: June 2022

The paper shows an appropriate unitary study of a novel geared planar parallel manipulator with the structure 3-R (PRRGR)RR which uses geared linkages with linear actuators and slider cranks as legs. The use of geared linkages with linear actuation although with more complex structure, allows a large rotation angle with proper transmission angle in the linkages and the approximately linear transmission function within large range. A positional kinematic analysis of the 3-R (PRRGR)RR was developed with a unitary analytical model, which is worked out through a numerical example that computes the singularities of type I and II together with the local and global performance indices, namely manipulability, conditioning number, kinematic, stiffness and transmission indices. The presented results are discussed and compared with an equivalent 3-RRR planar parallel manipulator with the same links lengths to highlight the kinematic advantages of the proposed planar parallel manipulator 3-R (PRRGR)RR. The novel geared planar parallel manipulator is designed and simulated in Creo Parametric in order to validate the analytical model with a numerical performance characterization.
A Method for Maintaining Virtually Coupled States of Train Convoys
Authors: Liu Yu , Ou Dongxiu , Yang Yuanxiang , Dong Decun
Published: June 2022

Virtual coupling, which provides great advantages in operational flexibility and line capacity, is an advanced signaling concept for the railway industry. The dynamic disturbances caused by line conditions might change the coupled movements of the train convoy into abnormal states, which means the speed difference and separation distance of the adjacent trains exceed the given thresholds. This paper proposes a method to maintain the coupled states using terminal sliding mode control (SMC) based on second-order nonlinear train dynamics, with a nonlinear observer eliminating the estimation error due to time-varying measurement delay. The controller calculates the optimal unit effective tractive force for the following train in real-time, taking the leader velocity and desired separation as control targets. The simulation of a two-train convoy on a high-speed railway is conducted including different abnormal scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed method eliminates the observation errors and achieves synchronous convergence of the tracking errors while guaranteeing passenger comfort, and that it outperforms traditional SMC.
Dynamic diagnosis method and quantitative characterization of rail corrugation
Authors: Xu Xiaodi , Liu Jinzhao , Sun Shanchao , Niu Liubin , Mao Xuegeng
Published: June 2022

This paper describes a dynamic and quantitative method of diagnosing and estimating rail corrugation in railway tracks using acceleration data obtained from high-speed comprehensive inspection train. Although the amplitude of rail corrugation is small, it will arouse violent vibration between the wheel and rail under high-speed conditions, and accelerate the structural damage of track-vehicle system components. Combined with high-frequency Axle Box Acceleration (ABA), a time-frequency analysis-based Rail Corrugation Index and Energy Factor method are proposed to diagnose the rail corrugation of high-speed railway. The corrugation amplitude is estimated by the quadratic integral of filtered ABA. The new evaluation method uses the windowed energy index signal of the ABA to replace the original signal, and demodulates the high-frequency discrete response signal into a stable low-frequency energy signal without losing the vibration characteristics. Inverse SSTFT is applied to estimate the amplitude of rail corrugation. High-speed railway application results show that the proposed index can effectively diagnose the rail corrugation dynamically and quantitatively and estimate the degree of it.
A hybrid trim strategy for coaxial compound helicopter
Authors: Su Yuan , Wang Zeyuan , Cao Yihua
Published: June 2022

Interest in the coaxial compound helicopter (CCH) has been increasing in the civil aviation and engineering community for its high-speed and high-maneuverability features, and is likely to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Since the control in CCH is totally different from the conventional helicopter, the redundant control strategy design is one of the biggest challenges. In this study, the CCH model based on XH-59A is built to investigate the impact of the propeller and the elevator on the flight performance. Four trim strategies with different objectives are proposed and then compared to find the optimal control allocation. A heuristic descent search method is applied to search the optimal velocity at which the propeller and the elevator are engaged. A significant improvement of power required at medium- and high-speed with acceptable rotor airloads increment was found by using the Hybrid Trim strategy in the speed range of 0–100 m/s, with regard to a pre-configured pitch angle schedule. The corresponding control variables obtained located in a reasonable control range, with a maximum power reduced of 13% at 100 m/s, which showcase the potential of the Hybrid Trim strategy.
Flutter of a finite rectangular Wing’D mill in pitch and heave
Authors: Farthing Simon
Published: June 2022

Exact solutions of flutter are explored for a mode suitable for an oscillating 2D hydrofoil version of the summarised FlutterWing windpump which radically surpasses the old rotary fanpump. The imaginary part G of the 1D Theodorsen wake lift factor T rises singularly from the steady to allow 1D pure pitch flutter around the leading edge at low frequency. But its logarithmic infinite negative pitch damping by the shed vorticity is capped by the log of the 2D span. The downwash of an oscillating trailing (tip) vortex is reduced by a function of the reduced frequency based on spanwise distance. Its lag damps pitch and further raises the pitch unstable aspect ratio A to above 36. All binary pitch & heave neutral flutter frequency contours in (inertia, imbalance) space still pass through a nexus of the same total pitch inertia and imbalance as the corrected virtual mass concentrated at ¾ chord, a very high total in water. The internal bound windwise vortex from ¼ chord to trailing edge reduces as A−2 the 1D lift slope at all frequencies. It expands the 1D T = ½ double root of high frequency elliptical contours kissing the low frequency limit line at the nexus to make them dip below the line to the right of the nexus as hyperbolae with the nexal ray as left asymptote. Thus low A discovers a new wedge of high frequency binary flutter with real mass moments less than the virtual, as in water.
The propellant role of the mega-grid in regional economic growth: Evidence from China base on the panel smooth transition regression model
Authors: Wang Yongpei , Guan Zhongyu , Liang Jia , Zhang Qian
Published: June 2022

One of the secrets for China's economic growth miracle is continuous investment in infrastructure, and the role of power infrastructure is irreplaceable. However, previous studies mostly focused on generation-side indicators rather than grid-side indicators, ignoring the importance of the mega-grid established in China. As a result, this paper is committed to exploring the economic growth pulling effect of power grids with different voltage levels in the nonlinear framework. On the premise of determining the robustness of estimation parameters by instrumental variable method, the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model is used to capture panel heterogeneity. To be exact, the regional economic growth driven by extra-high voltage (EHV) and ultra-high voltage (UHV) power grids presents a regime transition accompanied by the growth of regional power generation and electricity consumption per capita. This means that the mega-grid is more conducive to the economic growth of energy bases and load centers. To further build and improve the state-leveled mega-grid into a nationwide basic platform for trans-regional renewable energy transmission and distribution is a key measure to enhance China's sustainable economic growth under the constraints of carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets.
Analyzing the overall effects of the microbiome abundance data with a Bayesian predictive value approach
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Yi Nengjun
Published: June 2022

The microbiome abundance data is known to be over-dispersed and sparse count data. Among various zero-inflated models, zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model and zero-inflated beta binomial (ZIBB) model are the methods to analyze the microbiome abundance data. ZINB and ZIBB have two sets of parameters, which are for modeling the zero-inflation part and the count part separately. Most previous methods have focused on making inferences in terms of separate case-control effect for the zero-inflation part and the count part. However, in a case-control study, the primary interest is normally focused on the inference and a single interpretation of the overall unconditional mean (also known as the overall effect) of the microbiome abundance in microbiome studies. Here, we propose a Bayesian predictive value (BPV) approach to estimate the overall effect of the microbiome abundance. This approach is implemented based on R package brms. Hence, the parameters in the models will be estimated with two Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms used in Stan. We performed simulations and real data applications to compare the proposed approach and R package glmmTMB with simulation method in the estimation and inference in terms of the ratio function between the overall effects from two groups in a case-control study. The results show that the performance of the BPV approach is better than R package glmmTMB with the simulation method in terms of lower absolute biases and relative absolute biases, and coverage probability being closer to the nominal level especially when the sample size is small and zero-inflation rate is high.
Methodologies for the Pressed: Cartographies for Adisciplinary Sciences
Authors: Subramaniam Banu
Published: June 2022

Historians of science have amply demonstrated that the natural sciences were shaped by the history of colonialism. In this short essay, I explore the field of botany. Drawing on the ‘pressed’ plant of the herbarium sheet, I explore the possibilities of decolonising botany. I am inspired by Chela Sandoval’s Methodology of the Oppressed to develop and lay out counter-colonial methodologies. I argue that we need to move to a different imagination of the sciences—interdisciplinary and adisciplinary sciences—if we are serious about reckoning with colonial histories in science.
Chronicle of a Funeral Webcast: Mediating Death in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Tanvir Kuhu
Published: June 2022

Notes on the media experience of last rites in quarantine during the second wave of COVID-19 in India in April 2021.
Through a Drone Darkly: Drone Media as Pandemic Witnessing
Authors: Baishya Anirban K.
Published: June 2022

When the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in 2020, countries around the world began enacting lockdown measures and enforcing social distancing rules. Almost at the same time, the use of drones also began to see a spike, especially in the hands of civilian users. This article examines the phenomenon of the drone video as a genre of the pandemic. While drone imagery is not endemic to the COVID-19 crisis, in the face of mass deaths and lockdowns, drone users globally began to turn to the drone as a mobile archive machine. Drawing on recent scholarship on drones, I examine how the drone’s vertical vision afforded a form of pandemic witnessed by proxy. Despite the increasing use of drones for policing, surveillance and warfare, in the case of India, drone imagery also played an important role in countering government narratives about the pandemic and its body counts. Examining the drone images captured by the late photographer Danish Siddiqui, I demonstrate how the drone’s ‘vertical play’ facilitated the emergence of a counter-archive of the pandemic.
Team Citizenship Pressure: How Does It Relate to OCB and Citizenship Fatigue
Authors: Eliyahu Noy , Somech Anit
Published: June 2022

The aim of this research is to shed light on the phenomenon of citizenship pressure as a team-level construct. Building on the conservation of resources theory, the study used a moderated-mediation model to explore whether team organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) mediates the relationship between team citizenship pressure and team citizenship fatigue and whether this mediation is moderated by perceived supervisor support. Results from a study of 91 professional teams in the educational system indicate that team citizenship pressure had a significant and positive relationship with team OCB, as well as with team citizenship fatigue. The results also support the overall moderated-mediation model, but contrary to the hypothesized pattern of interaction, we found that team citizenship pressure was significantly and positively correlated with OCB when perceived supervisor support was low, but not when it was high. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.