bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ ТВЕРДОГО ТОПЛИВА В ФИКСИРОВАННОМ СЛОЕ: 2. ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МНОГОСТАДИЙНОГО ПРОЦЕССА ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ТОРФА В ВОЗДУШНОЙ И ПАРОВОЗДУШНОЙ СРЕДАХ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ДАВЛЕНИЯХ
Authors: Rokhman B.
Published: December 2019

С использованием разработанной двумерной модели, приведенной в первой части настоящей работы, теоретически исследован нестационарный процесс газификации торфа в фиксированном слое в воздушной и паровоздушной средах при давлениях 1 Мпа и 0,18 Мпа, соответственно. Проведен сравнительный анализ термохимической переработки торфа в парокислородной, воздушной и паровоздушной средах. Показано, что: 1) в окислительной зоне при воздушном дутье температура дисперсной фазы оказывается несколько выше температуры частиц при парокислородном дутье, несмотря на меньшее содержание кислорода в газе. Это связано с интенсивным протеканием эндотермической реакции C+H2O=CO+H2 в зоне максимальных тепловыделений; 2) выход летучих веществ при парокислородной газификации происходит значительно быстрее, чем при воздушной из-за более быстрого прогрева массы слоя за счет более высокой скорости перемещения зоны максимальных тепловыделений по высоте слоя; 3) при воздушной газификации в окислительной зоне температура частиц превышает температуру жидкоплавкого состояния золы, что позволяет организовать устойчивое жидкое шлакоудаление из реактора; 4) процесс паровоздушной газификации в фиксированном слое организуется с сухим шлакоудалением, так как уровень температура торфа в зоне максимальных тепловыделений не превышает 1100 °С и оказывается ниже температуры начала деформации золы 1140 °С; 5) состав генераторного газа на выходе из реактора при воздушной газификации имеет меньшую горючую часть CO = 34,33 % и большее содержанием балласта N2 = 65,67 %, в отличие от парокислородной – CO2 = 1,5–2 %, H2O = 0,1–0,6 %, CO+H2 = 98 % и паровоздушной – CO+H2 = 45,5 %, N2 = 53,3 % и CO2 = 1,2–2,13 %. Отсюда следует, что калорийность и качество генераторного газа при парокислородном и паровоздушном дутье выше, чем при воздушном. Предложен оригинальный способ подачи высококонцентрированной пыли в основные горелки под разрежением с использованием газоструйного эжектора (рабочая среда – синтетический газ Pg = 1–1,5 МПа), что обеспечивает устойчивое воспламенение и стабилизацию пылеугольного факела. Библ. 4, рис.11, табл. 1.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ БЕЛКА В ЗЕРНЕ СОРТОВ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ УРОВНЯХ МИНЕРАЛЬНОГО ПИТАНИЯ
Authors: Koshelyaev V.V. , Salnikov V.I. , Koshelyaeva I.P.
Published: December 2019

Основным направлением повышения качества зерна является выведение новых сортов, генетически предрасположенных формировать зерно с высоким качеством. Вместе с тем, генетический потенциал сортов способен реализовываться только при конкретных погодных условиях и применении приемов возделывания, благоприятно влияющих на рост и развитие растений. В настоящих исследованиях путем изменения режимов питания растений создавали различные условия для того, чтобы определить возможности сортов формировать урожай зерна с большим содержанием белка. Цель работы оценить и выделить сорта озимой пшеницы, способные реализовать потенциал качества зерна при различных уровнях интенсификации минерального питания. Для достижения цели был заложен двухфакторный полевой опыт. Фактор А сорта озимой пшеницы, фактор В уровни минерального питания. В результате установлено, что сорта озимой пшеницы характеризуются неодинаковыми свойствами накапливать белок в зерне. Высокой активностью накапливать белок при внесении удобрений характеризуется сорт Клавдия 2. Средней активностью сорта Безенчукская 380, Московская 56 и низкой Немчиновская 57, Скипетр и Фатинья. Внесение минеральных удобрений из расчета N16 P16 K16 при посеве осенью и N68 в подкормку весной способствует формированию зерна с более высоким содержанием белка у всех сортов озимой пшеницы.

The main direction of improving the quality of grain is the cultivation of new varieties genetically predisposed to form high quality grain. At the same time, the genetic potential of varieties can only be realized under specific weather conditions and the application of cultivation techniques that favourably affect the growth and development of plants. In these studies, various conditions were created by changing plant nutritional regimes in order to determine the possibilities of varieties to form a grain crop with a high protein content. The purpose of the work was to evaluate and highlight varieties of winter wheat that can realize the potential of grain quality at various levels of intensification of mineral nutrition. To achieve the goal, a two-factor field experiment was carried out. Factor A - winter wheat varieties, factor B - levels of mineral nutrition. As a result, it was established that varieties of winter wheat were characterized by unequal properties to accumulate protein in grain. Variety Claudia 2 was characterized by high activity to accumulate protein when fertilizing. Bezenchukskaya 380, Moskovskaya 56 were characterized by medium activity and Nemchinovskaya 57, Scepter and Fatigna - by low. The application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N16 P16 K16 during sowing in fall and N68 for top dressing in spring contributed to the formation of grain with a higher protein content in all varieties of winter wheat.
Kedudukan Ilmu Ekonomi Islam di Antara Ilmu Ekonomi dan Fikih Muamalah : Analisis Problematika Epistemologis
Authors: Azwar Iskandar  , Khaerul Aqbar
Published: December 2019

The objectives of this research are to examine the economics and fikih muamalah based on epistemology paradigm, analyze the epistemological problems that appear from the existance of Islamic economics between the effect of the economics and fikih muamalah, and give solutions of its epistemological problems especially in higher education institution environment. This research use descriptive-qualitative approach method with content analysis dan library research technique. The results show that : (1) the Islamic economics is not just a system or norm but also it is a knowledge that founded by scientific methodology; (2) the existance of Islamic economics between the effect of the economics and fikih muamalah cause the epistemological problems i.e. how to mix between the economics sourced from human thoughts and the fikih muamalah sourced from the God values; (3) the fundamental difference between economics and fikih muamalah especially in epistemological terms require the thought to make a synergy in Islamic economics with re-definition toward both of them.
INFERTILITY MANAGEMENT THROUGH AYURVEDA SHODHANA KARMA- A CASE REPORT
Authors: Dhuria Pooja .S. , Prathima
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that 60 to 80 million couples worldwide currently suffer from infertility. The female infertility has becomes major issue in current scenario due to the increasing number of incidences day by day. In India alone many couples suffers from infertility. The treatment options of female infertility also improving and traditional system of medicine such as Ayurveda describes female infertility broadly with its treatment protocol.Infertility affects women of reproductive age group all over the world. The infertility can be primary or secondary. Panchakarma can treat infertility successfully using various methods along with Ayurvedic formulations.
Methodology: A Female Patient of 26 year came to OPD presenting with the complaints of inability to Conceive. Patient was complaining of delayed and heavy menstrual Periods as a clinical feature of PCOD which was diagnosed in USG report Patient was treated with Panchakarma and Ayurvedic Oral medicine. Vamana karma was done and in next Consecutive Cycle Patient got conceived.
Result: In next Consecutive Cycle Patient got conceived and she is under regular Antenatal check up.
Conclusion: Infertility is defined as a failure to conceive within one year or more years of regular unprotected coitus. PCOD occurs due to an imbalance caused by any of the three Doshas which affect the fertility of the female. These causes increase of Kapha and Vata Dosha and cause the formation of the multiple cysts in ovaries leading to anovulatory periods followed by obesity, hirustitsm. Vamana Karma helps in Strotoshudhi and help in the kapha disorders. Pushpadhanwa rasa act on the Manashanthi and Garbhakrut. Ashwagandha Ksheerpaka acts as Garbhasthapaka and Rasayana. The present study reveals the effective management of infertility associated with PCOD was managed by Shodana and Garbhasthapaka oushadhi
KEYWORDS: PCOS, Artava Dusti ,Sthoulya, Infertility
STRUKTUR DAN MAKNA FRASA NOMINAL DALAM BAHASA MAANYAN
Authors: Septiana Dwiani
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this reserach is to describe structure and meaning of nounphrases in Maanyan language using theory of phrase structure fromBa’dulu. The data for this research are sentences in Maanyan languagecontaining noun phrases. The data were analyzed with agih method andseveral advenced techniques. The results indicate that noun phrases in BMare endocentric phrases with noun as the centre. There are eight structuresof noun phrases in BM, noun as the centre followed by (1) noun or pronounas the attribute, (2) active verb or adjective as the attribute, (3) passive verband noun as the attribute with ‘sa’ as the marker, (4) adjectiva anddemonstrative pronoun as the attribute with sa’ as the marker, (5) two ormore noun as the attribute, (6) preposisional phrase, and noun as the centrepreceded by numeral and ‘hi’ as the attribute. Noun phrase in BM haveseveral meaning, such as, summation, election, equality, explainatory,barrier, determinants, number and appellations.
KONSTRUKSI TUBUH DALAM CERITA PENDEK KERONCONG PEMBUNUHAN KARYA SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA
Authors: Kholidah Uci Elly
Published: December 2019

This study attempts to break down the construction of body which is consiston short story entitled Keroncong Pembunuhan by Seno Gumira Ajidarmaby using postcolonial body proposed by Sara Upstone. Method of the studyis deconstructive reading method. The result of this study shows that in thisshort story, Seno Gumira Ajidarma does not totally reject solid space butstill serves the magical and metaphor space simultaneously.
Vozes do campo e áreas protegidas: a percepção ambiental de pequenos proprietários rurais sobre os recursos naturais
Authors: Câmara Eliane Siqueira , Andriolli Carmen , Vieira Letícia
Published: December 2019

Perceptions on the environment provided by the Oral History approach enabledan understanding of the historical and social-ecological context regarding natural resources on the part of residents neighboring on a Conservation Unit (CU), in the NationalForest of Ritápolis, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.The resident’s lack of engagement with the management of the CU is a reflexion of an environmental policy based on traditional conservationist practices which leads to a non-identification of the residents with the protected area, resulting in negative perceptions about the role of CU and its administration. This situation culminates in a conflict based on different concepts of territoriality.
As mudanças nos padrões sucessórios e suas implicações no destino das propriedades entre agricultores familiares no norte do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Boscardin Mariele , Conterato Marcelo Antonio
Published: December 2019

Traditionally, the social reproduction of family agriculture has a close relationship and dependence on the permanence of at least one of the children in the place of the parents, thus materializing the succession process. One of the main characteristics is that the successor son receives the land, or at least part of it, as aninheritance, to produce in it and to assume the responsibility of supporting parents in old age. This study identifies and analyzes the social, economic and productive "arrangements" and strategies that family farmers elaborate and adopt in the absence ofsuccession contexts, especially in relation to the destination of the properties. The data presented in this study provided the basis of the master's thesis defended in 2017 in the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Rural (PGDR) of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). This is a case study carried out in the municipality of Frederico Westphalen, in the northern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, one of the many regions historically characterized by the large presence of family farmers. Twenty-three family farmers without successors were interviewed in the period from January to April 2016. Currently, for various reasons, families are having difficulties to complete the succession of properties. Thus, the standard and uniform succession model, established in family agriculture and widely studied and disseminated in the specialized literature, seems no longer to prevail, signaling a new kind of succession pattern, although with contours which are not yet clear. The absence ofsuccessors makes the destiny of the properties a key social problem among familiar farmers, causing concern among the parents, but little evident among the children. In general, the results show that there are different paths adopted by farmers regarding the absence of successors, which take into account staying on the property or moving to urban areas, being with their children in the urban environment and being cared for by them or accepting the care of others, which confirms the de-structuring of a pattern of succession that prevailed in previous generations. The study also shows the existence, still under construction, of a new succession pattern among family farmers, now supported by the idea that there would be heirs, but not necessarily successors.
Modyfikacje potranslacyjne tubuliny
Authors: Kliszcz Beata , Osinka Anna , Wacławek Ewa , Kasprzak Andrzej , Włoga Dorota
Published: December 2019

Zarówno wolna tubulina, jak i tubulina wbudowana w mikrotubule może być modyfikowana potranslacyjnie poprzez przyłączenie różnorodnych grup funkcyjnych. Wśród kilkunastu zidentyfikowanych modyfikacji α- i β-tubuliny, przynajmniej niektóre zmiany potranslacyjne, jak acetylacja, detyrozynacja czy glutamylacja są zachowane w toku ewolucji od pierwotniaków do człowieka. Modyfikacje potranslacyjne tworzą specyficzny wzór na powierzchni mikrotubul, nazwany kodem tubulinowym, który jest rozpoznawany i „interpretowany” przez białka oddziałujące z mikrotubulami. W efekcie modyfikacje potranslacyjne tubuliny wpływają zarówno bezpośrednio na właściwości mikrotubul, jak i pośrednio, przez białka towarzyszące mikrotubulom. Poziom modyfikacji potranslacyjnych tubuliny na poszczególnych mikrotubulach jest zróżnicowany i zależy od rodzaju tworzonych struktur mikrotubularnych oraz typu komórek. Dodatkowo, poziom modyfikacji potranslacyjnych tubuliny może zmieniać się zależnie od stadium cyklu komórkowego lub stopnia zróżnicowania komórki. Intensywne badania prowadzone w ciągu ostatnich lat zaowocowały odkryciem kluczowych enzymów modyfikujących α- i β-tubulinę oraz częściowo, mechanizmu ich działania. Nadal jednak jesteśmy dalecy od pełnego zrozumienia roli modyfikacji potranslacyjnych mikrotubul w regulacji procesów komórkowych.
Mechanism of circadian clock. The 2017 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine
Authors: Giebultowicz Jadwiga M.
Published: December 2019

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to scientists who have made the most important discoveries for the benefit of humanity. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young “for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm.” It may be surprising to learn that those three scientists dedicated their entire careers to research on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. However, as their studies progressed, it became increasingly clear that the mechanism of the biological clock that they discovered in Drosophila is very similar to a timekeeping mechanism present in mammals, including humans. Through interdisciplinary work between scientists performing basic research on model organisms and medical doctors, we have learned over time that daily rhythms support human health while disruption of these rhythms is associated with a range of pathological disorders such as cardiovascular problems, metabolic, neurological, and many other diseases. This short review highlights critical milestones on the way to understanding biological clocks, focusing on the roles played by the three Nobel Prize winners.
Hotele dla owadów - dobra praktyka czy wielka pomyłka?
Authors: Ziemiański Maciej , Klimczak Agata
Published: December 2019

Owady zapylające podlegają silnej antropopresji. Zawłaszcza przestrzeń miejska silnie wpływa na zapylacze. Dlatego chcemy zweryfikować zasadność stawiania hoteli dla owadów na terenach miast. Hotele dla owadów są konstrukcjami składającymi się z różnych materiałów. Głównie stosowane są wypełnienia z drewna z otworami, trzciny oraz gliny. Przy czym niezwykle ważna jest jakość wykonania konstrukcji. Wewnątrz tych przestrzeni owady mogą przeczekać niekorzystne warunki atmosferyczne, hibernować oraz składać jaja wraz z pokarmem w celu wyprowadzenia potomstwa. Porównując dotychczasowe badania należy stwierdzić, że zasadność wznoszenia hoteli dla owadów jest uwarunkowana wieloma czynnikami i jest rozbieżna dla różnych grup owadów. Generalnie stwierdzono, że hotele dla owadów odgrywają pewną rolę w istnieniu ich populacji w miastach. Ponadto instalowanie hoteli dla owadów w miastach wpływa pozytywnie na świadomość społeczną mieszkańców, edukację dzieci i dorosłych w zakresie biologii zapylania oraz roli owadów w ekosystemach. Jednakże obecnie posiadamy niewiele informacji na temat tego zagadnienia, dlatego istnieje konieczność prowadzenia dalszych badań w tym zakresie.
Ocena składu i zastosowanie olejków eterycznych z rodzaju centaurea l.
Authors: Józefczyk Aleksandra , Kowalska Joanna
Published: December 2019

Centaurea L. jest jednym z liczniejszych (czwartym, co do wielkości) rodzajów rodziny Asteraceae, należącym do grupy roślin okrytonasiennych (kwiatowych). Morfologia i chemizm tego rodzaju, wciąż jeszcze nie są dobrze poznane. Obejmuje on najczęściej wieloletnie, ale również roczne i dwuletnie gatunki roślin trawiastych i krzewinek. Rośliny z rodzaju Centaurea L. występują głównie w obszarze Morza Śródziemnego i Zachodniej Azji. Rodzaj ten jest jednym z najbogatszych pod względem występowania gatunków endemicznych. Szczególnie dużą liczbę gatunków Centaurea L. spotkać możemy w Turcji, głównie w południowo-zachodniej, centralnej i wschodniej części kraju. Badania etnofarmakologiczne tego rodzaju wykazały, że duża liczba tych roślin jest w wielu krajach używana w medycynie ludowej do leczenia różnych dolegliwości. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono przegląd olejków eterycznych pozyskiwanych z wybranych 50 gatunków roślin rodzaju Centaurea L., ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich składu i związków dominujących. Opisano właściwości olejków, na podstawie których wnioskować można potencjalne ich wykorzystanie w lecznictwie, przemyśle kosmetycznym czy spożywczym.
Odżywcze i prozdrowotne właściwości ziarna owsa i przetworów owsianych
Authors: Zarzecka Krystyna , Gugała Marek , Mystkowska Iwona , Baranowska Alicja , Sikorska Anna , Zarzecka Magdalena
Published: December 2019

W pracy przedstawiono krótką historię uprawy owsa, charakterystykę botaniczną, skład chemiczny ziarna, wartość odżywczą i prozdrowotną oraz wielostronne wykorzystanie. Owies i jego produkty są cennym źródłem wielu bioaktywnych składników odżywczych i substancji, takich jak: białka, lipidy, składniki mineralne, witaminy, błonnik pokarmowy, beta-glukany, polifenole. Owies jest zbożem o prozdrowotnym działaniu na organizm człowieka. Zdaniem żywieniowców i lekarzy, produkty owsiane mogą stanowić cenne uzupełnienie diety, zwłaszcza u osób z chorobami, takimi jak: zaburzenia czynności przewodu pokarmowego, miażdżyca, nadciśnienie, nadwaga czy obniżona sprawność psychofizyczna.
Dieta i styl życia jako czynniki wpływające na płodność
Authors: Bojanowska Monika , Kostecka Małgorzata
Published: December 2019

Zaburzenia płodności mają związek nie tylko z wiekiem (starzenie się jajników i jąder oraz pogarszanie się jakości gamet), ale również wynikają z negatywnego wpływu czynników środowiskowych, zawodowych i stylu życia. Do elementów stylu życia zalicza się sposób żywienia, aktywność fizyczną oraz palenie papierosów i spożywanie alkoholu. W pracy omówiono rolę poszczególnych składników odżywczych, takich jak: białka, węglowodany, tłuszcze, witaminy i składniki mineralne w kontekście procesów reprodukcyjnych. Nieprawidłowy sposób żywienia, nadmiar lub niedobór masy ciała to czynniki, które w znacznym stopniu mogą wpływać na płodność zarówno kobiet, jak i mężczyzn.
Tingkat Kecemasan Narapidana Wanita di Lapas Kendari dengan Kuesioner Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS)
Authors: Hadi Indriono , Rosyanti Lilin , Afrianty Nur Sri
Published: December 2019

Ketika seorang wanita dipenjara, dia akan mengalami banyak tekanan. Lapas menimbulkan rasa takut dan tidak enak karena anggapan dan tekanan buruk yang dialami seperti pemukulan, penyiksaan, pelecehan seksual, kesehatan yang buruk dan fasilitas yang sangat minim, selain itu ada stigma yang akan tetap melekat pada seseorang saat keluar dari penjara. Lamanya masa hukuman dan isolasi dari lingkungan luar memiliki dampak psikologis yang cukup besar terhadap kesehatan mental narapidana. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat kecemasan narapidana wanita di Lapas Kota Kendari. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 narapidana wanita di Lapas / Rutan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2016. Mayoritas responden berusia 26-35 tahun (50%), pendidikan tertinggi adalah SMA (53.33%), mayoritas telah menikah (87%), dan dipenjara karena menyalahgunakan Narkoba (70%). Hasil uji statistik rerata dan standar deviasi terhadap kecemasan Narapidana sebagai berikut: kecemasan sedang (22.93 ± 3.58), kecemasan berat (29.20 ± 5.52) dan kecemasan ringan (14, 60 ± 1.14). Pentingnya perawat dan petugas Lapas untuk memperhatikan tingkat kecemasan perempuan di Lapas karena banyaknya permasalahan yang muncul dari narapidana perempuan baik secara fisik maupun psikis.
Pengaruh Latihan Gerak Aktif Kaki dengan Teknik Open Kinetic Chain Exercise terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri pada Lansia dengan Nyeri Sendi Osteoartritis dan Rheumatoid
Authors: Prio Asminarsih Zainal , Misbah Sitti Rachmi , Wijayati Fitri
Published: December 2019

Tidak ada latihan khusus untuk orang tua dengan rasa sakit yang disebabkan oleh Osteoarthritis dan rheumatoid di lembaga sosial Minaula Lansia di Kendari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa efek dari latihan kaki dengan metode rantai kinetik terbuka pada penurunan rasa sakit pada orang tua dengan rasa sakit yang disebabkan oleh Osteoarthritis dan rheumatoid. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental menggunakan Pretest dan posttest dengan desain kelompok kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel acak sederhana untuk mencapai 60 peserta 930 dalam kelompok intervensi dan 30 dalam kelompok kontrol). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa berarti tingkat nyeri kelompok intervensi menurun sebagai 4, 83 setelah latihan kaki dengan metode rantai kinetik terbuka (berarti sebelum 5, 80, berarti setelah 0, 97). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ada efektivitas latihan kaki dengan metode rantai kinetik terbuka untuk menurunkan tingkat rasa sakit pada orang tua dengan rasa sakit yang disebabkan oleh Osteoarthritis dan rheumatoid di Minaula lembaga sosial Lansia di Kendari 2016 (nilai p = 0000). Penelitian ini menyiratkan bahwa latihan kaki dengan metode rantai kinetik terbuka dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu kompetensi Keperawatan dan diterapkan sebagai intervensi keperawatan untuk penurunan tingkat nyeri yang disebabkan oleh Osteoarthritis dan rheumatoid.
Inhibition Test of Avocado Leaf Extract (Persea americana mill) on the growth of Escherichia coli
Authors: Yuniarty Tuty , Hasjim Lisfaresliana
Published: December 2019

Avocado leaves (Percea americana mill) are a part of avocado plants that have benefits as traditional medicines. Avocado leaves are potentially used as anti-diarrhea based on the content of chemicals contained therein, namely saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavanoids, polyphenols, quercetin which are used to kill pathogenic bacteria, one of which is Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli is an opportunist germ that is commonly found in the human intestine as a normal flora. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibition of avocado leaf extract on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. This type of research is an Experimental laboratory. The research design used in this study was static group comparison because this study was conducted to see differences in concentrations of 10%, 15%, 25%, 50% and 75% of avocado leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria by looking at the clear zone formed. The results showed that at a concentration of 25%, 50% and 75% a clear zone (inhibition zone) was formed, whereas at concentrations of 10% and 15% no clear zone (inhibition zone) was formed. From the results of this study it can be concluded that avocado leaf extract can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli at concentrations of 25%, 50% and 75%.
o crephimat como um ambiente virtual sobre as pesquisas em historia da matemática
Authors: Castillo Bracho Luis Andrés , Mendes Iran Abreu
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo se tem como objetivo apresentar aos professores o Centro Brasileiro de Referência em Pesquisa sobre História da Matemática – CREPHIMat. Trata-se de um ambiente virtual que é a materialização de um dos objetivos do projeto de pesquisa intitulado: História para o Ensino de Matemática na Formação de Professores e na Educação Básica: uma Análise da Produção Brasileira entre 1990 a 2017, financiado pelo CNPq. Destaque-se que o CREPHIMat reúne um acervo de aproximadamente 2100 arquivos referentes à História da Matemática, distribuídos em produções acadêmicas como: teses e dissertações, anais de congressos, artigos, livros de minicursos produzidos pela SBHMat para os SNHM, por nós catalogados e organizados sistematicamente. Dado a grande quantidade de materiais, o ambiente oferece um roteiro para que os professores se familiarizem com as informações, de modo que possam localizar as produções adequados para apoiar suas ações pedagógicas na sala de aula quando ensinam algum conteúdo da matemática em especifico. Nossa intenção é que os professores se utilizem do CREPHIMat de forma profícua, pelo fato que a materialização deste espaço virtual foi pensada para que eles possam se apoiar para exercitar um ensino da matemática com apoio das informações históricas.
Geometria Analítica Nos Livros De Minicursos Dos Snhm: Possibilidades Didáticas Para O Ensino
Authors: Santos Marques Rubens Matheus dos
Published: December 2019

O objetivo da pesquisa que originou este artigo foi de analisar as produções de história da geometria analítica nos livros de minicursos oferecidos nos Seminários Nacionais de História da Matemática (SNHM), entre os anos de 2001-2017, a fim de sugerir como essas produções podem servir de apoio conceitual e didático ao professores nas aulas de matemática para o ensino médio e ou superior. Durante a pesquisa investigamos os 101 livros de minicursos publicados, onde foi identificadas propostas para subsidiar o ensino de matemática, a formação inicial e continuada de professores de matemática todos os níveis de ensino, assim os potenciais dessas produções para estabelecer relações entre conteúdos e métodos de ensino, para o uso em sala de aula. A pesquisa realizada centrou-se inicialmente no levantamento, classificação, e catalogação dos 101 livros identificados. Em todos os livros procuro identificar as seguintes dimensões temáticas das pesquisas em História da Matemática: História e Epistemologia da Matemática (HEpM), História da Educação Matemática (HEdM) e História para o Ensino de Matemática (HEnM), para analisar as produções centradas na temática de história da geometria analítica. Os resultados obtidos indicam que seis pesquisas apresentam seja implicitamente ou explicitamente potenciais para o ensino de geometria analítica de acordo com objetivo proposto para investigação.
história para o ensino de sistema de numeração decimal em teses e dissertações (1990-2018)
Authors: Silva Pires Lucas
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar as propostas didáticas tratadas em teses e dissertações da história para o ensino de sistema de numeração decimal para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O estudo está fundamentado nos conceitos: história da matemática como agente de cognição (MENDES, 2013) e; história para o ensino da matemática como uma reinvenção didática para a sala de aula (MENDES, 2017). Para operacionalizar a pesquisa, elaboramos um instrumento para análise na luz do conceito história da matemática pedagogicamente vetorizada (MINGUEL & MIORIM, 2008), de modo a identificarmos as teses e dissertações com potencialidade didática para a sala de aula. Os resultados indicaram que, das 26 teses e dissertações da história do ensino de sistema de numeração decimal identificadas, 35% trataram de abordagens centradas no ensino, as quais podem ser utilizadas didaticamente para ensinar sistema de numeração decimal nos anos iniciais. Igualmente apontou que existem aquelas, as quais necessitam de adaptações para que efetivamente sejam implementadas em sala de aula para auxiliar na prática do professor que ensina Matemática.
Diálogo, investigação e criticidade em um curso de licenciatura em educação do campo
Authors: Silvino de Lima Aldinete , Silva Lima Iranete Maria da
Published: December 2019

O artigo traz parte de pesquisa de doutorado que teve por objetivo compreender a relação que se constitui entre os conteúdos matemáticos e as dimensões política, social e cultural do campesinato na formação de professores de Matemática em cursos de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo. A pesquisa ancora-se nos estudos sobre a Educação do Campo, a formação de professores de Matemática nas referidas licenciaturas e na Educação Matemática Crítica, particularizando os conceitos de diálogo, investigação e criticidade que se constituem nas categorias analíticas utilizadas para analisar as respostas dadas por três professores formadores nas entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas. Os resultados obtidos nesta etapa da pesquisa revelam que os professores investigados consideram as relações dialógicas, investigativas e críticas como princípios para desenvolver suas atividades matemáticas, o que coaduna com os princípios que devem nortear a formação dos professores de matemática nos contextos da Educação do Campo.
o ensino da matemática: memórias de educadores do grupo escolar dom romualdo de seixas (1960-1970)
Authors: Carvalho Moia Romulo Everton de , Pessoa Chaves Rocha Maria Lúcia , Santos Barros Osvaldo dos
Published: December 2019

A pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever e analisar as práticas educativas no ensino da matemática nos anos iniciais da escolarização no Grupo Escolar Dom Romualdo de Seixas - GEDRS (1960-1970). Para tanto, o trabalho aborda o processo de criação e implantação dos Grupos Escolares primeiramente no Brasil, iniciando em São Paulo, e em seguida enfatizando sua propagação pelo Estado do Pará. Tratamos também sobre a institucionalização do GEDRS na cidade Cametá/PA e suas influências educacionais na região do Baixo Tocantins. Logo após, realizamos uma exposição das memórias de educadores do GEDRS que fizeram parte do contexto educacional compreendido entre 1960 e 1970, onde relataram suas vivências quanto ao ensino da matemática. E por fim, concluímos o trabalho com algumas considerações observadas, tanto com o decorrer da pesquisa quanto aspectos relacionados com as descrições das memórias dos personagens do GEDRS, observando que em Cametá o cenário educacional não acompanhou o desenvolvimento educacional retratado no contexto nacional vigente.
Collision and Radiative Parameters for Cr ii Lines Observed in Stellar and Nebular Spectra
Authors: Tayal S. S. , Zatsarinny O.
Published: December 2019

Electron excitation collision strengths (Ω) and transition probabilities (A-values) for the iron-peak element Cr ii lines are of high importance for the stellar and nebular abundance studies. Collision and radiative parameters are presented for all possible inelastic transitions between the Cr ii 512 fine-structure levels covering infrared to extreme ultraviolet lines. These parameters should allow a detailed modeling and analysis of the available measured stellar and nebular spectra from different astrophysical objects. Accurate target wave functions have been generated using the multiconfiguration Hartree–Fock method together with term-dependent one-electron orbitals and well-chosen configuration expansions. The wave functions are then used in the calculations of transition probabilities and collision rates. The B-spline Breit–Pauli R-matrix method has been employed for the calculation of electron excitation collision strengths. The semiempirical fine-tuning procedure has been applied to the energies of the local supercluster (LS) terms prior to transformation of the Hamiltonian matrices to intermediate coupling. The Hamiltonian matrices for the calculation of collision rates also include spin–orbit interaction. The 512 fine-structure levels of the Cr ii 3d
5, 3d
44s,

, 3d
44p, and 3d
34s4p configurations have been considered in our work. The thermally averaged collision strengths have been determined using a Maxwellian distribution for a wide range of temperatures from 102 to 105 K. The accuracy of our results has been estimated by comparison with other calculated collision rates and available measured radiative rates.
Heliospheric Structure as Revealed by the 3–88 keV H ENA Spectra
Authors: Czechowski A. , Bzowski M. , Sokół J. M. , Kubiak M. A. , Heerikhuisen J. , Zirnstein E. J. , Pogorelov N. V. , Schwadron N. A. , Hilchenbach M. , Grygorczuk J. , Zank G. P.
Published: December 2019

Energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) are an important tool for investigating the structure of the heliosphere. Recently, it was observed that fluxes of ENAs (with energy ≤55 keV) coming from the upwind and downwind regions of the heliosphere are similar in strength. This led the authors of these observations to hypothesize that the heliosphere is bubble-like rather than comet-like, meaning that it has no extended tail. We investigate the directional distribution of the ENA flux for a wide energy range (3–88 keV) including observations from IBEX (Interstellar Boundary Explorer), INCA (Ion and Neutral Camera, on board Cassini), and HSTOF (High-energy Suprathermal Time Of Flight sensor, on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory). An essential element is the model of pickup ion (PUI) acceleration at the termination shock proposed by Zank. We use state-of-the-art models of the global heliosphere, interstellar neutral gas density, and PUI distributions. The results, based on the “comet-like” model of the heliosphere, are close in flux magnitude to ENA observations by IBEX, HSTOF, and partly those by INCA (except for the 5.2–13.5 keV energy channel). We find that the ENA flux from the tail dominates at high energy (in agreement with HSTOF, but not INCA). At low energy, our comet-like model produces ENA fluxes of similar strength from the upwind and downwind directions—which, therefore, removes this as a compelling argument for a bubble-like heliosphere.
The Orbit of WASP-12b Is Decaying
Authors: Yee Samuel W. , Winn Joshua N. , Knutson Heather A. , Patra Kishore C. , Vissapragada Shreyas , Zhang Michael M. , Holman Matthew J. , Shporer Avi , Wright Jason T.
Published: December 2019

WASP-12b is a transiting hot Jupiter on a 1.09 day orbit around a late-F star. Since the planet’s discovery in 2008, the time interval between transits has been decreasing by 29 ± 2 ms yr−1. This is a possible sign of orbital decay, although the previously available data left open the possibility that the planet’s orbit is slightly eccentric and is undergoing apsidal precession. Here, we present new transit and occultation observations that provide more decisive evidence for orbital decay, which is favored over apsidal precession by a

of 22.3 or Bayes factor of 70,000. We also present new radial-velocity data that rule out the Rømer effect as the cause of the period change. This makes WASP-12 the first planetary system for which we can be confident that the orbit is decaying. The decay timescale for the orbit is

. Interpreting the decay as the result of tidal dissipation, the modified stellar tidal quality factor is

.
Stellar Winds Pump the Heart of the Milky Way
Authors: Calderón Diego , Cuadra Jorge , Schartmann Marc , Burkert Andreas , Russell Christopher M. P.
Published: December 2019

The central supermassive black hole of the Milky Way, Sgr A*, accretes at a very low rate making it a very underluminous galactic nucleus. Despite the tens of Wolf–Rayet stars present within the inner parsec supplying ∼10−3  M
⊙ yr−1 in stellar winds, only a negligible fraction of this material (<10−4) ends up being accreted onto Sgr A*. The recent discovery of cold gas (∼104 K) in its vicinity raised questions about how such material could settle in the hostile (∼107 K) environment near Sgr A*. In this work we show that the system of mass-losing stars blowing winds can naturally account for both the hot, inefficient accretion flow, as well as the formation of a cold disk-like structure. We run hydrodynamical simulations using the grid-based code Ramses starting as early in the past as possible to observe the state of the system at the present time. Our results show that the system reaches a quasi-steady state in about ∼500 yr with material being captured at a rate of ∼10−6  M
⊙ yr−1 at scales of ∼10−4 pc, consistent with the observations and previous models. However, on longer timescales (≳3000 yr) the material accumulates close to the black hole in the form of a disk. Considering the duration of the Wolf–Rayet phase (∼105 yr), we conclude that this scenario has likely already happened, and could be responsible for the more active past of Sgr A*, and/or its current outflow. We argue that the hypothesis of the mass-losing stars being the main regulator of the activity of the black hole deserves further consideration.
Hypothetical Hyperbolic Encounters between Venus and Proto-Mercury that Partially Stripped Away Proto-Mercury’s Mantle
Authors: Deng Hongping
Published: December 2019

Compared to all other terrestrial planets in the solar system, Mercury has an unusually large metal core, comprising ∼70% of its mass. Giant impacts could have removed a significant fraction of the silicate mantle of a chondritic proto-Mercury, forming the iron-rich present-day Mercury. However, such high-temperature giant impacts seem at odds with the retention of moderately volatile elements on present-day Mercury. We simulated a series of hyperbolic encounters between proto-Mercury and proto-Venus, which may have occurred in the chaotic early solar system. Tidal disruption of proto-Mercury always removes a portion of its silicate mantle, while its iron core remains intact. We find, in favorable cases, four close encounters with fast-spinning projectiles (resulting from previous encounters) that could lead to Mercury’s present-day iron fraction. More encounters are needed when the spin and orbital angular momentum are not always aligned. These hyperbolic encounters have various outcomes, such as orbital decay, binary planets, and change of spin rates. These results suggest the importance of the proper treatment of close encounters in N-body simulations of planetary accretion.
Comment faciliter les pratiques frontières nécessaires aux processus créatifs ? Une étude de trois projets d’innovation ouverte
Authors: Aubouin Nicolas , Mérindol Valérie , Ocnarescu Ioana
Published: December 2019

La traduction, la transformation et l’assemblage des connaissances nouvelles constituent des pratiques frontières essentielles aux processus créatifs, en particulier dans un contexte d’innovation ouverte. Cependant, il existe peu d’études sur le rôle des individus dans ces pratiques. Cet article a pour objectif d’approfondir la fonction qu’ils peuvent prendre à travers les propriétés et les usages des objets intermédiaires et des zones de négociation dans les processus créatifs. Il se base sur une étude multi-cas de trois projets menés par des entreprises différentes ayant participé au programme d’innovation ouverte « Création d’un Produit Innovant » (CPi). Nos résultats montrent que les propriétés sont spécifiques à chaque type de pratiques frontières et sont généralement distribuées entre plusieurs objets et espaces. Le rôle spécifique de courtiers ressort de notre analyse. Il consiste à aider les individus à mieux mobiliser la variété des espaces et objets au cours du processus créatif et à entrer dans des processus d’apprentissage collectif. Comme les frontières à franchir sont multiples, la fonction de courtier est le plus souvent distribuée au sein des projets. Plusieurs individus peuvent tenir ce rôle et intervenir à différentes étapes du projet en fonction de leur expertise.
Les compétences émotionnelles des dirigeants au service de la créativité organisationnelle. Une étude dans les startups de la Région Occitanie
Authors: Chader Adnane , Ovono Beyeme Dahn
Published: December 2019

L’objectif de cet article est de clarifier la relation entre les compétences émotionnelles des dirigeants et la créativité organisationnelle. Afin de saisir cette dynamique, l’étude empirique a été menée dans des startups. La grille de lecture proposée intègre et articule les cinq compétences émotionnelles définies par Mikolajczak et ses coauteurs (2014) et les trois facteurs endogènes influençant la créativité organisationnelle identifiés par Dechamp et Szostak (2016). Pour répondre à notre objectif de recherche, nous avons privilégié une méthodologie qualitative. Vingt entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès des dirigeants de startups. Les résultats de notre recherche soulignent le rôle majeur des compétences émotionnelles des dirigeants dans l’éveil, la stimulation et le développement de la créativité organisationnelle, tant par un management adapté aux besoins des collaborateurs créatifs que par la création d’un climat organisationnel de qualité. Ces résultats mettent également en perspective le besoin de formation en matière de compétences émotionnelles pour les dirigeants ainsi que l’importance de leur prise en compte dans le processus de recrutement des individus créatifs.
Usages des technologies et dissolution du contrôle social : cas de l’appropriation d’une base de données à visée collaborative
Authors: Ciampi Claire , Berland Nicolas
Published: December 2019

La portée des divers contrôles organisationnels sur les comportements est depuis longtemps reconnue. Il importe aujourd’hui d’étudier de quelles nouvelles formes émergentes de contrôle la digitalisation des organisations s’accompagne pour pouvoir déterminer quelles sont leurs implications sur les comportements. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans ce cadre. Les recherches précédentes se sont surtout intéressées aux liens entre technologies et contrôle des résultats ou supervision, c’est-à-dire aux contrôles dont la source est extérieure au groupe social. Ici, il est plus particulièrement question de l’évolution des contrôles qui émanent du groupe sur les individus qui le composent, autrement dit des phénomènes relevant du contrôle social. La démarche repose sur l’étude des usages d’une base de données collaborative dans un contexte de développement de produits unissant des équipes de R&D et des équipes chargées de l’industrialisation des nouveaux produits. Une grille d’analyse du contrôle social est élaborée à partir de la littérature en contrôle organisationnel pour décrire le contrôle social au sein de la R&D. Le cas étudié de manière semi-longitudinale suggère une renégociation des modes d’organisation historiques entre ces deux principales parties prenantes au processus de développement de produits. Les ajustements induits sur les pratiques de la R&D se concentrent autour de la mise en partage des représentations du travail réalisé. On observe que ces ajustements sont poussés notamment par la constitution d’une supervision indirecte et qu’ils traduisent une dissolution des fondements du contrôle social exercé par le groupe sur les individus. Ce résultat complète des preuves empiriques de plus en plus nombreuses quant à l’émergence d’une nouvelle forme sociomatérielle de contrôle.
Le modèle d’agilité des entreprises du digital comme remède aux maux du management. Quelques réflexions critiques
Authors: Fall Ibrahima
Published: December 2019

La révolution digitale porte beaucoup d’espoir quant à une réappropriation du travailleur de sa singularité véritable source de son génie et partie prenante de son bien-être. En effet, la concurrence par l’innovation s’est intensifiée avec la montée en puissance des start-up, devenues dans bons nombres de domaines d’activités de véritables locomotives économiques. La vision du collaborateur comme véritable source de création de valeur est devenue une idée-force. Néanmoins, malgré plusieurs décennies de recherche sur les théories et pratiques de management ainsi que sur les innovations managériales, force est de constater que « l’Homme, mesure de toute chose » dixit Platon reprenant Protagoras, n’y trouve pas forcément son compte.
Médias sociaux et développement de nouveaux services : une enquête exploratoire en contexte d’activité à haute intensité en connaissances
Authors: Bénédic Michaël
Published: December 2019

La contribution attendue de cet article est d’apporter un éclairage au niveau individuel sur les pratiques et bénéfices liés au recours aux médias sociaux dans le cadre du développement de nouveaux services. Les potentialités offertes par l’émergence de ces outils en matière d’innovation sont mises en avant par la littérature scientifique et professionnelle mais elles semblent encore largement inexploitées par les acteurs dans les faits. Dans le contexte des sociétés de services à haute intensité en connaissances la compétitivité dépend très fortement de la capacité des acteurs à développer des solutions inédites et sur-mesure. Les enjeux du recours aux médias sociaux pour répondre aux besoins du marché et innover prennent donc une importance particulière. Cette recherche de nature exploratoire est réalisée au moyen d’une étude de cas auprès d’une société de conseil. L’analyse se situe en contexte intrapreneurial et à un niveau individuel. Il s’agit de consultants qui ont recours à un réseau socionumérique professionnel dans le cadre du développement de leurs offres de services. Les résultats mettent en évidence des effets contrastés de l’utilisation du média social en fonction de la maturité des pratiques et du niveau d’avancement dans la trajectoire de l’idée de nouvelles prestations.