bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in the Management of Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Bhardwaj Prarthna V. , Wang Yue , Brunk Elizabeth , Spanheimer Philip M. , Abdou Yara G.
Published: August 2023

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with both inter- and intratumor heterogeneity, thought to result in a more aggressive course and worse outcomes. Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has become the preferred treatment modality of early-stage TNBC as it allows for the downstaging of tumors in the breast and axilla, monitoring early treatment response, and most importantly, provides important prognostic information that is essential to determining post-surgical therapies to improve outcomes. It focuses on combinations of systemic drugs to optimize pathologic complete response (pCR). Excellent response to NAT has allowed surgical de-escalation in ideal candidates. Further, treatment algorithms guide the systemic management of patients based on their pCR status following surgery. The expanding knowledge of molecular pathways, genomic sequencing, and the immunological profile of TNBC has led to the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted agents, including PARP inhibitors, further revolutionizing the therapeutic landscape of this clinical entity. However, subgroups most likely to benefit from these novel approaches in TNBC remain elusive and are being extensively studied. In this review, we describe current practices and promising therapeutic options on the horizon for TNBC, surgical advances, and future trends in molecular determinants of response to therapy in early-stage TNBC.
A Soybean Sucrose Non-Fermenting Protein Kinase 1 Gene, GmSNF1, Positively Regulates Plant Response to Salt and Salt–Alkali Stress in Transgenic Plants
Authors: Lu Ping , Dai Si-Yu , Yong Ling-Tao , Zhou Bai-Hui , Wang Nan , Dong Yuan-Yuan , Liu Wei-Can , Wang Fa-Wei , Yang Hao-Yu , Li Xiao-Wei
Published: August 2023

Soybean is one of the most widely grown oilseed crops worldwide. Several unfavorable factors, including salt and salt–alkali stress caused by soil salinization, affect soybean yield and quality. Therefore, exploring the molecular basis of salt tolerance in plants and developing genetic resources for genetic breeding is important. Sucrose non-fermentable protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) belongs to a class of Ser/Thr protein kinases that are evolutionarily highly conserved direct homologs of yeast SNF1 and animal AMPKs and are involved in various abiotic stresses in plants. The GmPKS4 gene was experimentally shown to be involved with salinity tolerance. First, using the yeast two-hybrid technique and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) technique, the GmSNF1 protein was shown to interact with the GmPKS4 protein. Second, the GmSNF1 gene responded positively to salt and salt–alkali stress according to qRT-PCR analysis, and the GmSNF1 protein was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm using subcellular localization assay. The GmSNF1 gene was then heterologously expressed in yeast, and the GmSNF1 gene was tentatively identified as having salt and salt–alkali tolerance function. Finally, the salt–alkali tolerance function of the GmSNF1 gene was demonstrated by transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, soybean hairy root complex plants overexpressing GmSNF1 and GmSNF1 gene-silenced soybean using VIGS. These results indicated that GmSNF1 might be useful in genetic engineering to improve plant salt and salt–alkali tolerance.
Analyzing Global Geopolitical Stability in Terms of World Trade Network Analysis
Authors: Papadopoulos Georgios D. , Magafas Lykourgos , Demertzis Konstantinos , Antoniou Ioannis
Published: August 2023

The global economy operates as a complex and interconnected system, necessitating the application of sophisticated network methods for analysis. This study examines economic data from all countries across the globe, representing each country as a node and its exports as links, covering the period from 2008 to 2019. Through the computation of relevant indices, we can discern shifts in countries’ positions within the world trade network. By interpreting these changes through geopolitical perspectives, we can gain a deeper understanding of their root causes. The analysis reveals a notable trend of slow growth in the world trade network. Additionally, an intriguing observation emerges: countries naturally form stable groups, shedding light on the underlying structure of global trade relations. Furthermore, this research highlights the trade balance as a reflection of geopolitical strength, making it a valuable contribution to the study of the evolution of global geopolitical stability.
Phytochemical Substances—Mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPS)
Authors: Alharbi Fawzeeh Nayif , Abaker Zulfa Mohamed , Makawi Suzan Zein Alabdeen
Published: August 2023

Artemisia absinthium (A. absinthium) leaf extract was successfully used to create zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and their properties were investigated via several techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis spectroscopy). SEM analysis confirmed the spherical and elliptical shapes of the particles. Three different zinc peaks were observed via EDX at the energies of 1, 8.7, and 9.8 keV, together with a single oxygen peak at 0.5 keV. The XRD analysis identified ZnO NPs as having a hexagonal wurtzite structure, with a particle size that decreased from 24.39 to 18.77 nm, and with an increasing surface area (BET) from 4.003 to 6.032 m2/g for the ZnO (without extract) and green ZnO NPs, respectively. The FTIR analysis confirmed the groups of molecules that were accountable for the stabilization and minimization of the ZnO NPs, which were apparent at 3400 cm. Using UV–Vis spectroscopy, the band-gap energies (Egs) for the green ZnO and ZnO (without extract) NPs were estimated, and the values were 2.65 and 2.79 eV, respectively.
Local-Scale DNA Barcoding of Afrotropical Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae): A Case Study of the Eastern Free State of South Africa
Authors: Kamdem Michel Mathurin , Ramoejane Mpho , Voua Otomo Patricks
Published: August 2023

The Afrotropical hoverflies remain an understudied group of hoverflies. One of the reasons for the lack of studies on this group resides in the difficulties to delimit the species using the available identification keys. DNA barcoding has been found useful in such cases of taxonomical uncertainty. Here, we present a molecular study of hoverfly species from the eastern Free State of South Africa using the mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I gene (COI). The identification of 78 specimens was achieved through three analytical approaches: genetic distances analysis, species delimitation models and phylogenetic reconstructions. In this study, 15 nominal species from nine genera were recorded. Of these species, five had not been previously reported to occur in South Africa, namely, Betasyrphus inflaticornis Bezzi, 1915, Mesembrius strigilatus Bezzi, 1912, Eristalinus tabanoides Jaennicke, 1876, Eristalinus vicarians Bezzi, 1915 and Eristalinus fuscicornis Karsch, 1887. Intra- and interspecific variations were found and were congruent between neighbour-joining and maximum likelihood analyses, except for the genus Allograpta Osten Sacken, 1875, where identification seemed problematic, with a relatively high (1.56%) intraspecific LogDet distance observed in Allograpta nasuta Macquart, 1842. Within the 78 specimens analysed, the assembled species by automatic partitioning (ASAP) estimated the presence of 14–17 species, while the Poisson tree processes based on the MPTP and SPTP models estimated 15 and 16 species. The three models showed similar results (10 species) for the Eristalinae subfamily, while for the Syrphinae subfamily, 5 and 6 species were suggested through MPTP and SPTP, respectively. Our results highlight the necessity of using different species delimitation models in DNA barcoding for species diagnoses.
Green Manure Crops as Food Source: Impact on the Performance of the Migratory Beet Webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Ma Lin , Tang Yaolu , Zhang Lei , Jiang Xingfu
Published: August 2023

The application of green manure is crucial for achieving sustainable agriculture and animal husbandry, but pest management is often overlooked. Conducting a risk assessment for insect pests in green manure is essential. The beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis, a polyphagous insect, is currently experiencing an outbreak in northern China, and represents a significant migratory pest. A two-sex life table and flight mill test approach was used to comprehensively evaluate the effects of three major legume green manure crops (Pisum sativam, Vicia sativa, and Vicia villosa) on the growth, development, fecundity, and flight ability of L. sticticalis in China. Our findings indicate that L. sticticalis cannot utilize V. villosa for generational development. L. sticticalis shows reduced performance on P. sativam and V. sativa compared to its suitable host Chenopodium album. However, both the population parameters (R0, r, λ, and T) and the population prediction results suggest that L. sticticalis can adapt to P. sativam and V. sativa. In the process of promoting green manure, careful consideration should be given to the selection of appropriate green manure varieties and the implementation of effective pest control measures during their planting. Our findings lay the groundwork for the promotion of green manure and implementation of an ecological management plan for L. sticticalis.
Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Activity and Infestation in the High Mountain and Blue Mountain Regions of Jamaica
Authors: Myrie Ameka , Hall Tannice , Luke Denneko , Chinthapalli Bhaskar Rao , Tennant Paula , Robinson Dwight
Published: August 2023

Jamaica produces coffee marketed as Blue Mountain and high mountain (grown outside the Blue Mountains). Since the discovery of the coffee berry borer (CBB; Hypothenemus hampei) in Jamaica in 1978, chemical control has traditionally been the primary approach used to protect the crop from the pest. However, in the last 20 years, there has been an effort to shift towards more sustainable management strategies. The study was conducted to determine CBB activity (trap catch) and field infestation on coffee farms in the high mountains and Blue Mountains of Jamaica, over a crop cycle. A total of 27,929 and 12,921 CBBs were captured at high mountain and Blue Mountain farms, respectively. Peak CBB activity occurred in April in the high mountain region (365 CBBs/trap/month) and February in the Blue Mountain region (129 CBBs/trap/month). The highest levels of infestation were in November (33%) and October (34%) in the high mountain region and Blue Mountain region, respectively. There was no significant difference in the patterns of CBB activity and infestation between the study locations, and neither were related to the temperature or relative humidity. However, there was a significant relationship with rainfall. These data suggest that the population dynamics of the CBB may involve complex interactions among weather conditions, berry development, and agronomic practices.
Three-Dimensional Unsteady Axisymmetric Viscous Beltrami Vortex Solutions to the Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Takahashi Koichi
Published: August 2023

This paper is aimed at eliciting consistency conditions for the existence of unsteady incompressible axisymmetric swirling viscous Beltrami vortices and explicitly constructing solutions that obey the conditions as well as the Navier–Stokes equations. By Beltrami flow, it is meant that vorticity, i.e., the curl of velocity, is proportional to velocity at any local point in space and time. The consistency conditions are derived for the proportionality coefficient, the velocity field and external force. The coefficient, whose dimension is of [length−1], is either constant or nonconstant. In the former case, the well-known exact nondivergent three-dimensional unsteady vortex solutions are obtained by solving the evolution equations for the stream function directly. In the latter case, the consistency conditions are given by nonlinear equations of the stream function, one of which corresponds to the Bragg–Hawthorne equation for steady inviscid flow. Solutions of a novel type are found by numerically solving the nonlinear constraint equation at a fixed time. Time dependence is recovered by taking advantage of the linearity of the evolution equation of the stream function. The proportionality coefficient is found to depend on space and time. A phenomenon of partial restoration of the broken scaling invariance is observed at short distances.
Telemedicine in Patients Affected by Chronic Liver Disease: A Scoping Review of Clinical Outcomes and the Devices Evaluated
Authors: Capuano Paolo , Hileman Bethany , Tigano Stefano , Magro Bianca , Lo Re Vincenzina , Liotta Rosa , Sciveres Marco , Ranucci Giusy , Provenzani Alessio , Burgio Gaetano , Scardulla Cesare , Arcadipane Antonio , Martucci Gennaro
Published: August 2023

For patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), telemedicine is emerging as a useful tool to prevent liver decompensation or hospitalization, allowing access to and the decentralization of care, even for patients with limited resources. However, research and attendant evidence are still lacking; thus, this review aims to systematically explore the topic of telemonitoring for CLD to describe the currently used tools and clinical outcomes. The review was conducted by using key terms on PubMed/EMBASE and searching for observational studies or clinical trials (according to PRISMA recommendations) that were published between 6 April 2013 and 6 April 2023 to keep the technological framework limited to the last 10 years. The studies were described and grouped according to the aim of telemonitoring, the underlying disease, and the tools adopted to achieve remote monitoring. A total of 32 articles met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 11 articles report the successful use of a telehealth program to support and improve access to care in the management of HCV-related cirrhosis, eight articles examine the efficacy of telemedicine for remote monitoring interventions to prevent or decrease the risk of decompensation in high-risk patients, and five articles examine improvements in the physical performance and quality of life of cirrhotic patients through telehealth rehabilitation programs. Four studies were completed during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth has the potential to provide and expand treatment access and reduce barriers to care for the most disadvantaged patients and might be able to reduce the need for hospital readmission for CLD, though most practice to test feasibility is still in the pilot stage.
Unraveling the Links between Chronic Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Spontaneous Cervicocranial Arterial Dissection
Authors: Li Hao , Xu Shiyao , Xu Beibei , Zhang Yutong , Yin Jun , Yang Yi
Published: August 2023

Advances in imaging techniques have led to a rise in the diagnosis of spontaneous cervicocranial arterial dissection (SCCAD), which is now considered a common cause of stroke in young adults. However, our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SCCAD remains limited. Prior studies have proposed various factors contributing to arterial wall weakness or stress as potential causes for SCCAD. A combination of biopsies, case reports, and case–control studies suggests that inflammatory changes and autoimmunity may play roles in the cascade of events leading to SCCAD. In this review, we examine the close relationship between SCCAD, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune diseases, aiming to explore potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms connecting these conditions. While some relevant hypotheses and studies exist, direct evidence on this topic is still relatively scarce. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms in larger clinical cohorts is needed, and the exploration of animal models may provide novel insights.
Prevalence of Accommodative Microfluctuations in Eyes after Cataract Surgery
Authors: Kaida Tomoko , Ono Takashi , Tokunaga Tadatoshi , Takada Keita , Tokuda Shota , Kuwabara Naoto , Kawamorita Takushi , Kamiya Kazutaka , Shoji Nobuyuki , Miyata Kazunori
Published: August 2023

Background: We aimed to evaluate the existence of accommodative microfluctuations in eyes after cataract surgery. Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study included 1160 eyes of 713 patients (mean age: 72.5 ± 8.3 years) who underwent phacoemulsification, intraocular lens insertion, and an evaluation of accommodative microfluctuations with an autorefractometer. Patients with posterior segment disorders resulting in visual acuity impairment and those with unavailable medical information were excluded. High-frequency components (HFCs), between 1.0–2.3 Hz, based on fast Fourier transform analysis of the accommodative microfluctuation data were examined at postoperative 2–3 (2 M) and 6 months (6 M). The relationships between the HFCs and patient age, manifest refraction, and axial length were analyzed. Results: Increased HFC values (>65) were observed at a constant rate after cataract surgery, with prevalence rates of 33.4% at 2 M and 34.7% at 6 M. Postoperatively, at 2 M, increased HFC values were significantly more common for eyes with axial length ≥26 mm than for those with axial length <26 mm (p = 0.0056). However, they were not significantly correlated to age or postoperative manifest refraction. Conclusions: At 2 M postoperatively, increased HFC values presented more frequently in eyes with a greater axial length; hence, the precise detection and understanding of postoperative accommodative spasms in high myopia patients is important.
Predictive Factors for Decreasing Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Progression to the Dilated Phase of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ishihara Kakeru , Kubota Yoshiaki , Matsuda Junya , Imori Yoichi , Tokita Yukichi , Asai Kuniya , Takano Hitoshi
Published: August 2023

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) may progress to the dilated phase (DHCM). This study aimed to identify the predictive factors for DHCM progression, including left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF < 50%) or decreased LV contraction (LVEF < 60%). The study included 291 patients enrolled in our hospital’s HCM registry who were grouped based on their poststudy LVEF (LVEF of ≥60%, 50–59%, and <50%). Predictive factors of an LVEF of <50% or <60% were determined. Further, the effects of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) on long-term systolic LV function and DHCM development were investigated. LVEF was ≥60%, 50–59%, and <50% in 239, 33, and 19 patients, respectively, during the follow-up period (mean: 64.9 months). Multivariate analyses indicated baseline atrial fibrillation (AF), nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), and left ventricular diameter at end-systole (LVDs) as significant predictors of DHCM. Using a scoring method based on AF, NSVT, and LVDs, patients with 2 and 3 points had a significantly higher risk of developing DHCM. PTSMA in 78 HCM patients demonstrated no significant effect on long-term LVEF changes or DHCM development. We concluded that AF, NSVT, and LVDs are significant predictors of DHCM development. However, a validation study with a larger population is required.
A Comprehensive Review on Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Presentation, Pathophysiology and Management
Authors: Sultana Qamar , Kar Jill , Verma Amogh , Sanghvi Shreya , Kaka Nirja , Patel Neil , Sethi Yashendra , Chopra Hitesh , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Greig Nigel H.
Published: August 2023

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation that can arise from any organ. They account for 2% of all malignancies in the United States. A significant proportion of NEN patients experience endocrine imbalances consequent to increased amine or peptide hormone secretion, impacting their quality of life and prognosis. Over the last decade, pathologic categorization, diagnostic techniques and therapeutic choices for NENs—both well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs)—have appreciably evolved. Diagnosis of NEN mostly follows a suspicion from clinical features or incidental imaging findings. Hormonal or non-hormonal biomarkers (like serum serotonin, urine 5-HIAA, gastrin and VIP) and histology of a suspected NEN is, therefore, critical for both confirmation of the diagnosis and classification as an NET or NEC. Therapy for NENs has progressed recently based on a better molecular understanding, including the involvement of mTOR, VEGF and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), which add to the growing evidence supporting the possibility of treatment beyond complete resection. As the incidence of NENs is on the rise in the United States and several other countries, physicians are more likely to see these cases, and their better understanding may support earlier diagnosis and tailoring treatment to the patient. We have compiled clinically significant evidence for NENs, including relevant changes to clinical practice that have greatly updated our diagnostic and therapeutic approach for NEN patients.
Target Design in SEM-Based Nano-CT and Its Influence on X-ray Imaging
Authors: Fell Jonas , Wetzler Felix , Maisl Michael , Herrmann Hans-Georg
Published: August 2023

Nano-computed tomography (nano-CT) based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is utilized for multimodal material characterization in one instrument. Since SEM-based CT uses geometrical magnification, X-ray targets can be adapted without any further changes to the system. This allows for designing targets with varying geometry and chemical composition to influence the X-ray focal spot, intensity and energy distribution with the aim to enhance the image quality. In this paper, three different target geometries with a varying volume are presented: bulk, foil and needle target. Based on the analyzed electron beam properties and X-ray beam path, the influence of the different target designs on X-ray imaging is investigated. With the obtained information, three targets for different applications are recommended. A platinum (Pt) bulk target tilted by 25° as an optimal combination of high photon flux and spatial resolution is used for fast CT scans and the investigation of high-absorbing or large sample volumes. To image low-absorbing materials, e.g., polymers or organic materials, a target material with a characteristic line energy right above the detector energy threshold is recommended. In the case of the observed system, we used a 30° tilted chromium (Cr) target, leading to a higher image contrast. To reach a maximum spatial resolution of about 100 nm, we recommend a tungsten (W) needle target with a tip diameter of about 100 nm.
Cyanobacterial Variability in Lichen Cephalodia
Authors: Prieto Maria , Montané Natalia , Aragón Gregorio , Martínez Isabel , Rodríguez-Arribas Clara
Published: August 2023

The ecological success of lichens is related to both myco- and photobionts which condition the physiological limits of the lichen symbioses and thus affect their ecological niches and geographic ranges. A particular type of lichen, called cephalolichen, is characterized by housing both green algal and cyanobacterial symbionts—the latter is restricted to special structures called cephalodia. In this type of lichen, questions related to specialization within species or within individuals are still unsolved as different patterns have previously been observed. In order to study the variability at the intrathalline, intraspecific, and interspecific level, cyanobionts from different cephalodia within the same thalli and from different thalli were genetically analysed in three cephalolichen species at two different forests (18 thalli, 90 cephalodia). The results showed variability in the cephalodial Nostoc OTUs in all the studied species, both at the intrathalline and intraspecific levels. The variability of Nostoc OTUs found in different cephalodia of the same thallus suggests low specialization in this relationship. Additionally, differences in OTU diversity in the three studied species and in the two forests were found. The variability observed may confer an increased ecological plasticity and an advantage to colonize or persist under additional or novel habitats or conditions.
Post-Application Field Persistence and Efficacy of Cordyceps javanica against Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Wu Shaohui , Toews Michael D. , Behle Robert W. , Barman Apurba K. , Sparks Alton N. , Simmons Alvin M. , Shapiro-Ilan David I.
Published: August 2023

Previously, Cordyceps javanica Wf GA17, a causing agent of whitefly epizootics in southern Georgia, demonstrated superior temperature tolerance and higher virulence against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci than commercial strains in the laboratory. The post-application persistence and efficacy of this fungus against B. tabaci were compared with that of the commercially available C. javanica Apopka97 strain over a two-year field study in cotton and vegetable crops. When blastospores of both strains were applied alone, whitefly populations were not effectively suppressed. Thus, JMS stylet oil was added to fungal treatments for enhancing efficacy and persistence. For 0-day samples, all fungal treatments caused similar but significant levels of immature mortality regardless of fungal strain, propagule form (conidia vs. blastospores), and application method (alone or mixed with JMS). In follow-up samplings, Wf GA17 blastospores + JMS achieved higher control levels than other treatments in some trials, but the efficacy did not last long. The JMS oil alone caused significant mortality and suppressed whiteflies. Over 90% of spores lost viability 24 h after treatment in all fungal treatments. Across evaluation times, there was no difference between the two fungal strains (conidia or blastospores, alone or combined with JMS), but conidia persisted better than blastospores for both strains. Overall, the field persistence and efficacy of C. javanica did not last long; therefore, improved delivery methods and formulations are needed for enhancement.
Unleashing the Potential of Bacterial Isolates from Apple Tree Rhizosphere for Biocontrol of Monilinia laxa: A Promising Approach for Combatting Brown Rot Disease
Authors: Derikvand Fatemeh , Bazgir Eidi , El Jarroudi Moussa , Darvishnia Mostafa , Mirzaei Najafgholi Hossein , Laasli Salah-Eddine , Lahlali Rachid
Published: August 2023

Monilinia laxa, a notorious fungal pathogen responsible for the devastating brown rot disease afflicting apples, wreaks havoc in both orchards and storage facilities, precipitating substantial economic losses. Currently, chemical methods represent the primary means of controlling this pathogen in warehouses. However, this study sought to explore an alternative approach by harnessing the biocontrol potential of bacterial isolates against brown rot in apple trees. A total of 72 bacterial isolates were successfully obtained from the apple tree rhizosphere and subjected to initial screening via co-cultivation with the pathogen. Notably, eight bacterial isolates demonstrated remarkable efficacy, reducing the mycelial growth of the pathogen from 68.75 to 9.25%. These isolates were subsequently characterized based on phenotypic traits, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene amplification. Furthermore, we investigated these isolates’ production capacity with respect to two enzymes, namely, protease and chitinase, and evaluated their efficacy in disease control. Through phenotypic, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene-sequencing analyses, the bacterial isolates were identified as Serratia marcescens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus succinus, and Pseudomonas baetica. In dual culture assays incorporating M. laxa, S. marcescens and S. succinus exhibited the most potent degree of mycelial growth inhibition, achieving 68.75 and 9.25% reductions, respectively. All the bacterial isolates displayed significant chitinase and protease activities. Quantitative assessment of chitinase activity revealed the highest levels in strains AP5 and AP13, with values of 1.47 and 1.36 U/mL, respectively. Similarly, AP13 and AP6 exhibited the highest protease activity, with maximal enzyme production levels reaching 1.3 and 1.2 U/mL, respectively. In apple disease control assays, S. marcescens and S. succinus strains exhibited disease severity values of 12.34% and 61.66% (DS), respectively, highlighting their contrasting efficacy in mitigating disease infecting apple fruits. These findings underscore the immense potential of the selected bacterial strains with regard to serving as biocontrol agents for combatting brown rot disease in apple trees, thus paving the way for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to chemical interventions.
Examining the Interactive Effect of Advertising Investment and Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance
Authors: Lee Jen-Sin , Deng Xiao-Yan , Chang Chih-Hsiung
Published: August 2023

This article explores the interactive effect of advertising investment and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on financial performance by selecting 2431 listed companies that participated in the professional evaluation of Hexun.com as the research sample, with a total of 12,471 observed values. The panel regression, analysis and hypotheses tests were conducted to examine the interactive effect of advertising investment and CSR on financial performance. There are four empirical findings. First, an advertising investment plays a significant role in improving corporate financial performance. Second, actively fulfilling CSR can effectively upgrade the financial performance of an enterprise. Third, different functional mechanisms will not change the positive impact of CSR on financial performance. Fourth, the interaction between advertising investment and CSR has a significant positive correction on financial performance. Combining the advertising investment with CSR they have a remarkable complementary effect on financial performance. Based on these findings, this article claims that to maximize the advertising effect, company managers should actively carry out business activities and conduct appropriate advertising investments from the perspective of CSR. In other words, to enhance the return on marketing activities and strengthen the promotion of financial performance by advertising investment, company managers should pay more attention to fulfilling CSR and take advantage of the reputational and social images generated by CSR to bring greater market value and financial growth.
GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis for Selecting Suitable Areas for Urban Green Spaces in Abomey-Calavi District, Southern Benin
Authors: Osseni Abdel A. , Dossou-Yovo Hubert O. , Gbesso François G. H. , Sinsin Brice
Published: August 2023

Green spaces contribute to a significant improvement in quality of life and maintain the sustainability of cities. In Benin, despite the political willingness regarding greening, municipalities are experiencing technical issues in finding suitable spaces to achieve this goal. This study should therefore be applicable to many other towns in Benin. It aims at identifying suitable areas for green spaces to integrate landscaping into urban planning in Abomey-Calavi district. Multi-criteria analysis combining GIS and the hierarchical classification approach was performed. Six factors (land use, altitude, slope, distance from main roads, proximity to urban centres and distance from flood zones, water bodies) were combined using the ArcGIS “Spatial Analysis” extension to generate a map of green space suitability. The results show large areas of land, of which 23.27% is very suitable and 26.06% is suitable for landscaping in this municipality. The ranking of the factors revealed that elevation, proximity to road networks, large conurbations and distance from wetlands accounted for 18%, compared with 14% for the other factors regarding the study environment. However, the use of these results must take into account the existing inhabited areas for a good site selection. These outputs provide guidance for decision-makers in choosing suitable sites for green spaces and integrating them into sustainable development.
Spatial Distributions of Yield Gaps and Production Increase Potentials of Spring Wheat and Highland Barley in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhang Zemin , Lu Changhe , Guan Xiao
Published: August 2023

Low grain yield caused by high altitude; cold climate; small, cultivated land area, and poor soil fertility is the critical factor posing a potential risk to local food security in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Analyzing spatial distribution of the increase potential of grain production in the QTP could be contributable to developing a regional increase in the space of grains to ensure food security. Taking spring wheat and highland barley as objectives, this study simulated the annual potential yields of spring wheat and highland barley at the site level. They estimated their yield gaps and production increase potentials at the regional and county level and mapped their spatial distribution in 2020, based on the methodologies of the literature data collection, using the WOFOST model and GIS analysis. The yield gaps of spring wheat and highland barley were 3.7 and 2.4 t ha−1 for the whole QTP, accounting for 51.4% and 39.5% of their potential yields, respectively. At the county level, the yield gap ranges of spring wheat and highland barley were 1.5–7.0 t ha−1 and 0.3–5.9 t ha−1 across the QTP, respectively. When the yield gap was fully developed, spring wheat and highland barley productions had the potentials of 497.4 and 717.4 Kt for the whole QTP, equal to 118.2% and 75.2% of their current total production, respectively. Spatially, the counties with a large increase potential of spring wheat were mainly distributed in Haidong, Hainan, Xining, Shannan, Nyingchi, and Lhasa, while those with low potential were located in Xigaze and Shannan. Regarding highland barley, Lhasa, Shannan, Xigaze, Yushu, and Hainan had a larger potential to increase. To increase grain production in the QTP, the priority should be given to the shrinkage of the yield gap in the counties with larger potentials to increase, such as Hainan, Shannan, Lhasa, etc., through improving the irrigation rate and fertilizer usage in the farmland.
A Brave New World: Managing for Biodiversity Conservation under Ecosystem Transformation
Authors: Wilkening Jennifer L. , Magness Dawn Robin , Thompson Laura M. , Lynch Abigail J.
Published: August 2023

Traditional conservation practices have primarily relied on maintaining biodiversity by preserving species and habitats in place. Many regions are experiencing unprecedented environmental conditions, shifts in species distribution and habitats, and high turnover in species composition, resulting in ecological transformation. Natural resource managers have lacked tools for identifying and selecting strategies to manage ecosystem transformation. A recently formalized decision support framework provides a way for managers to resist, accept, or direct (RAD) the trajectory of change. We begin by identifying how historical conservation practices are built into the RAD framework. Next, we describe how RAD can be used to implement climate change adaptation actions, using examples from the Mojave Desert to provide ecological context. Third, we discuss how the RAD framework can assist with the creation of conservation portfolios, facilitating the maintenance of overall biodiversity across a landscape. Preserving species assemblages in their current state, or restoring them to historical conditions, will not always be possible, and RAD allows for explicit deliberation about when and where to prioritize scarce resources. We conclude with a set of guidelines for conservation practitioners or managers moving forward. Although operating under an increasingly uncertain future is daunting, managers can utilize RAD to conserve biodiversity and effectively handle ecosystem transformation.
Tumor Markers and Their Diagnostic Significance in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Matsas Alkis , Stefanoudakis Dimitrios , Troupis Theodore , Kontzoglou Konstantinos , Eleftheriades Makarios , Christopoulos Panagiotis , Panoskaltsis Theodoros , Stamoula Eleni , Iliopoulos Dimitrios C.
Published: August 2023

Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by silent progression and late-stage diagnosis. It is critical to detect and accurately diagnose the disease early to improve survival rates. Tumor markers have emerged as valuable tools in the diagnosis and management of OC, offering non-invasive and cost-effective options for screening, monitoring, and prognosis. Purpose: This paper explores the diagnostic importance of various tumor markers including CA-125, CA15-3, CA 19-9, HE4,hCG, inhibin, AFP, and LDH, and their impact on disease monitoring and treatment response assessment. Methods: Article searches were performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Keywords used for the searching process were “Ovarian cancer”, “Cancer biomarkers”, “Early detection”, “Cancer diagnosis”, “CA-125”,“CA 15-3”,“CA 19-9”, “HE4”,“hCG”, “inhibin”, “AFP”, “LDH”, and others. Results: HE4, when combined with CA-125, shows improved sensitivity and specificity, particularly in early-stage detection. Additionally, hCG holds promise as a prognostic marker, aiding treatment response prediction and outcome assessment. Novel markers like microRNAs, DNA methylation patterns, and circulating tumor cells offer potential for enhanced diagnostic accuracy and personalized management. Integrating these markers into a comprehensive panel may improve sensitivity and specificity in ovarian cancer diagnosis. However, careful interpretation of tumor marker results is necessary, considering factors such as age, menopausal status, and comorbidities. Further research is needed to validate and refine diagnostic algorithms, optimizing the clinical significance of tumor markers in ovarian cancer management. In conclusion, tumor markers such as CA-125, CA15-3, CA 19-9, HE4, and hCG provide valuable insights into ovarian cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis, with the potential to enhance early detection.
Mast Cell Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Selected Musculoskeletal Diseases
Authors: Gutowski Łukasz , Kanikowski Szymon , Formanowicz Dorota
Published: August 2023

In recent years, there has been a noteworthy revival of interest in the function of mast cells (MCs) in the human body. It is now acknowledged that MCs impact a wide array of processes beyond just allergies, leading to a shift in research direction. Unfortunately, some earlier conclusions were drawn from animal models with flawed designs, particularly centered around the receptor tyrosine kinase (Kit) pathway. Consequently, several subsequent findings may have been unreliable. Thus, what is now required is a re-examination of these earlier findings. Nevertheless, the remaining data are fascinating and hold promise for a better comprehension of numerous diseases and the development of more effective therapies. As the field continues to progress, many intriguing issues warrant further investigation and analysis. For instance, exploring the bidirectional action of MCs in rheumatoid arthritis, understanding the extent of MCs’ impact on symptoms associated with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, and unraveling the exact role of the myofibroblast–mast cell–neuropeptides axis in the joint capsule during post-traumatic contractures are all captivating areas for exploration. Hence, in this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the influence of MCs on the pathogenesis of selected musculoskeletal diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, muscle and joint injuries, tendinopathy, heterotopic ossification, and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. We believe that this review will provide in-depth information that can guide and inspire further research in this area.
Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Adipogenic Effect of Harmine in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Diabetes in Mice
Authors: Morsy Menna H. E. , Nabil Zohour I. , Darwish Samah T. , Al-Eisa Rasha A. , Mehana Amir E.
Published: August 2023

One of the most important health issues facing the world today is obesity. It is an important independent risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Harmine offers various pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. The current study aims to investigate Harmine’s anti-diabetic and anti-adipogenic properties in albino mice after inducing low-grade inflammation with a high-fat diet (HFD). About forty-eight male albino mice were divided into four groups. Group 1: control mice were injected with daily saline and fed a normal chow diet of 21% protein for 5 months. Group 2: mice were treated daily with IP-injected Harmine (30 mg/kg body weight) and were fed a normal chow diet for 5 months. Group 3: mice were fed HFD to induce type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) for 5 months. Group 4: mice were fed HFD for 14 weeks and treated with Harmine for the last 6 weeks. A figh-fat diet caused a significant increase in body and organ weight, lipid profiles, and destructive changes within the pancreas, kidney, and liver tissue. The administration of Harmine led to a remarkable improvement in the histological and ultrastructural changes induced by HFD. The findings indicate that mice cured using Harmine had lower oxidative stress, a higher total antioxidant capacity, and a reduced lipid profile compared to HFD mice. Harmine led to the hepatocytes partly restoring their ordinary configuration. Furthermore, it was noticed that the pathological incidence of damage in the structure of both the kidney and pancreas sections reduced in comparison with the diabetic group. Additional research will be required to fully understand Harmine and its preventive effects on the two forms of diabetes.
Bilateral Connexive Logic
Authors: Francez Nissim
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a bilateral analysis of connexivity, presenting a bilateral natural deduction system for a weak connexive logic. The proposed logic deviates from other connexive logics and other bilateral logics in the following respects: (1) The logic induces a difference in meaning between inner and outer occurrences of negation in the connexive axioms. (2) The logic allows incoherence—assertion and denial of the same formula—while still being non-trivial.
Investigations of the Density and Solubility of Ammonium Perrhenate and Potassium Perrhenate Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Orda Szymon , Drzazga Michał , Leszczyńska-Sejda Katarzyna , Ciszewski Mateusz , Kocur Alicja , Branecka Pola , Gall Kacper , Słaboń Mateusz , Lemanowicz Marcin
Published: August 2023

Rhenium is largely used as an additive to nickel- and cobalt-based superalloys. Their resistance to temperature and corrosion makes them suitable for the production of turbines in civil and military aviation, safety valves in drilling platforms, and tools working at temperatures exceeding 1000 °C. The purity of commercial rhenium salts is highly important. Potassium, which is a particularly undesirable element, can be removed by recrystallization. Therefore, it is crucial to possess detailed knowledge concerning process parameters including the dissolved solid concentration and the resulting saturation temperature. This can be achieved using simple densimetric methods. Due to the fact that data concerning the physicochemical properties of ammonium perrhenate (APR) NH4ReO4 and potassium perrhenate (PPR) KReO4 are imprecise or unavailable in the scientific literature, the goal of this study is to present experimental data including the solubility and density of water solutions of both salts. In the experiments, a densimeter with a vibrating cell was used to precisely determine the densities. Although the investigated solutions did not fit into the earlier proposed mathematical model, some crucial conclusions could still be made based on the results.
Fabrication of Silicon Nanowires by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching Combined with Micro-Vibration
Authors: Huang Weiye , Wu Junyi , Li Wenxin , Chen Guojin , Chu Changyong , Li Chao , Zhu Yucheng , Yang Hui , Chao Yan
Published: August 2023

In this work, we design a micro-vibration platform, which combined with the traditional metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE) to etch silicon nanowires (SiNWs). The etching mechanism of SiNWs, including in the mass-transport (MT) and charge-transport (CT) processes, was explored through the characterization of SiNW’s length as a function of MaCE combined with micro-vibration conditions, such as vibration amplitude and frequency. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) experimental results indicated that the etching rate would be continuously improved with an increase in amplitude and reached its maximum at 4 μm. Further increasing amplitude reduced the etching rate and affected the morphology of the SiNWs. Adjusting the vibration frequency would result in a maximum etching rate at a frequency of 20 Hz, and increasing the frequency will not help to improve the etching effects.
Numerical Simulation Study of the Mechanical Behaviour of 1D and 2D Germanium Carbide and Tin Carbide Nanostructures
Authors: Fernandes José V. , Pereira André F. G. , Antunes Jorge M. , Chaparro Bruno M. , Sakharova Nataliya A.
Published: August 2023

One-dimensional (nanotubes) and two-dimensional (nanosheets) germanium carbide (GeC) and tin carbide (SnC) structures have been predicted and studied only theoretically. Understanding their mechanical behaviour is crucial, considering forthcoming prospects, especially in batteries and fuel cells. Within this framework, the present study aims at the numerical evaluation of the elastic properties, surface Young’s and shear moduli and Poisson’s ratio, of GeC and SnC nanosheets and nanotubes, using a nanoscale continuum modelling approach. A robust methodology to assess the elastic constants of the GeC and SnC nanotubes without of the need for numerical simulation is proposed. The surface Young’s and shear moduli of the GeC and SnC nanotubes and nanosheets are compared with those of their three-dimensional counterparts, to take full advantage of 1D and 2D germanium carbide and tin carbide in novel devices. The obtained outcomes establish a solid basis for future explorations of the mechanical behaviour of 1D and 2D GeC and SnC nanostructures, where the scarcity of studies is evident.