bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lopinavir/ritonavir Treatment on COVID-2019 Transmissibility: a Possible Option to Reduce Isolation Time
Authors: Kim Dong-Min , Chung Jae Keun , Kim Choon-Mee , Bang Mi-Seon , Tariq Misbah , Lee You Mi , Seo Jun-Won , Kim Da Young , Yun Na Ra , Seo Jinjong , Kim Yuri , Kim Min Ji , Cho Nam-Hyuk
Published: May 2021

Background: Owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is a shortage of hospital wards to accommodate the increasing number of patients, especially in intensive care units. Healthcare systems are collapsing in many countries. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce isolation time.Methods: We examined the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir administration in patients with SARS-CoV-2. To assess the viral load, duration and clearance of viable virus; cell culture and RT-PCR were performed in parallel. Results: No viable SARS-CoV-2 could be detected after administration of lopinavir/ritonavir with median time of viable viral clearance being one day after administration. The mean viral load in both upper and lower respiratory tract samples of lopinavir/ritonavir administered group was significantly lower than the group who were not treated with any antiviral agent. The duration of viable viral shedding was shorter in patients with lopinavir/ritonavir treatment compared with those without treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that lopinavir/ritonavir treatment offers a possible method to reduce isolation time of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2.
Noise Reduction for Radio Map Crowdsourcing Building in WLAN Indoor Localization System
Authors: zhang liye , Wang Zhuang , Meng Xiaoliang , Fang Chao , Liu Cong
Published: May 2021

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in using WLAN fingerprint-based method for indoor localization system because of its cost effectiveness and availability compared to other localization systems. In order to rapidly deploy WLAN indoor positioning system, the crowdsourcing method is applied to alternate the traditional deployment method. In this paper, we proposed a fast radio map building method utilizing the sensors inside the mobile device and the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) method. The crowdsourcing method collects RSS and sensor data while the user is walking along a straight line and computes the position information using the sensor data. In order to reduces the noise in the location space of the radio map, the Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT) method is used to detect the usage mode switching to improve the step determination accuracy. When building a radio map, much fewer RSS values are needed using the crowdsourcing method compared to conventional methods, which lends greater influence to noises and erroneous measurements in RSS values. Accordingly, an imprecise radio map is built based on these imprecise RSS values. In order to acquire a smoother radio map and improve the localization accuracy, the MDS method is used to infer an optimal RSS value at each location by exploiting the correlation of RSS values at nearby locations. Experimental results show that the expected goal is achieved by the proposed method.
Analysis of Pre-Erythrocytic Immunity During Plasmodium Vivax Infection Reveals a Diversity of Responses That is Partially Due to Blood Stage Cross-Reactivity
Authors: Ventocilla Julio , Tapia L. Lorena , Sperling Lisa , Ponce Reynaldo , Franco Adriano , Leelawong Mindy , Aguiar Joao C. , Baldeviano G. Christian , Wilder Brandon K.
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPlasmodium vivax (Pv) represents the most geographically widespread human malaria parasite. Targeting the pre-erythrocytic (PE) stage of the parasite life cycle is especially appealing for Pv vaccines as it would prevent disease and transmission. Here, we explore naturally acquired immunity to a panel of Pv PE antigens as a first step to enable vaccine development and to better understand naturally-acquired PE immunity.MethodsHumoral and cellular immunity were evaluated by ELISA and ELISpot, using samples from Pv infected individuals from a low endemic malaria region in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. In addition, we utilized experimental infection of Aotus non-human primates with Pv or P. falciparum (Pf) in order to evaluate the contribution of blood stage infection to the humoral response observed in human samples.ResultsIn our clinical samples, twelve PE antigens showed positive antibody reactivity with variable prevalence of 58–99%. The magnitude of the IgG antibody response against PE antigens was lower compared with blood stage antigens MSP1 and DBP-II although titers persisted better for PE antigens, six months later after infection (average decrease of 6% for PE antigens and 43% for MSP1) in general. A significant correlation between IgG antibodies and number of previous malaria episodes was observed only for blood stage antigens. High IgG responders across PE and blood stage antigens showed a significantly lower parasitemia compared to low responders (median 1873 vs 4663 par/µl). We observed a positive T cell response in 35% vs 9–35% of total volunteers against blood stage antigen MSP1 and PE antigens, respectively, and saw no correlation with IgG responses. Aotus monkeys infected with Pv blood stage showed positive reactivity against the seven PE antigens tested. In contrast, only 2 of 10 monkeys infected with Pf showed low positive IgG cross-reactivity against Pv MSP1 and none of which cross-reacted to Pv CSP.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate clear humoral and T cell responses against Pv PE antigens in individuals naturally infected with P. vivax. In addition, these results are largely replicated in a novel Aotus nancymaae Pv blood stage challenge model which suggest a contribution from blood stages to PE cross-reactivity. Together, these data clearly identify novel attractive PE antigens suitable for use in the development of new malaria vaccine candidates.
Hand and Wrist Injuries Among Collegiate Athletes Vary with Athlete Division
Authors: Holoyda Kathleen , Donato Daniel , Magno-Padron David , Simpson Andrew , Agarwal Jayant
Published: May 2021

Background: The rates, severity and consequences of hand and wrist injuries sustained by NCAA athletes are not well characterized. This study describes the epidemiology of hand and wrist injuries among collegiate athletes competing in different divisions. Methods: The National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) was accessed for various sports from 2004 to 2015. Data was stratified by hand and wrist injuries sustained, mean loss of activity time following the injury, male and female sport, need for surgery following injury and division. Descriptive statistics were performed to examine the association between sports, event type and gender. P < 0.05 was considered significantResults 103,098 hand and wrist injuries were reported in all NCAA sports from 2004-2015. Male athletes sustained 72,423 injuries (6.01/10,000 athlete events) and female athletes sustained 30,675 injuries (4.13/10,000 athlete events). Division I athletes sustained significantly more injuries compared to divisions II and III. Overall, 3.78% of hand and wrist injuries required surgical intervention. A significantly higher percentage of division I athletes (both male and female) underwent surgical intervention compared to divisions II and III. The mean time lost due to hand and wrist injury was 7.14 days for all athletes. Division I athletes tended to miss fewer days due to injury, though this was not significant.Conclusions Hand and wrist injuries are common among collegiate athletes. Division I athletes sustain higher rates of injuries and higher surgical intervention rates, while tending to miss fewer days due to injury. Improved characterization of divisional differences in hand and wrist injuries can assist injury management and prevention
The Dose-dependent Dual Effects of Corticosterone on Spatial Memory Ability After Traumatic Brain Injury Are Mediated by Two Corticosteroid Receptor Systems
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yang Mengshi , Yan Qiongyu , Xu Xiaojian , Niu Fei , Dong Jinqian , Zhuang Yuan , Lu Shenghua , Ge Qianqian , Liu Baiyun
Published: May 2021

Background: Our recent studies reported the opposite effects of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on neuron survival after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, as a mixed agonist for MR and GR, whether short term use of high-dose endogenous glucocorticoids exerts neurotoxic effects by excessive activation of GR, what is the set-point, and the possible signaling pathways remain unclear. This study examined the dose-dependent dual effects of corticosterone (CORT) on the spatial memory, the survival of hippocampal neurons and the possible receptor-mediated downstream signaling pathways after TBI.Methods: Based on controlled cortical impact (CCI) and CORT treatments, Sprague-Dawley rats (n=168) were randomly divided into the sham, CCI, CCI + CORT1 (0.3 mg/kg), CCI + CORT2 (3 mg/kg), CCI + CORT3 (30 mg/kg), CCI + CORT1 + spirolactone (spirolactone: 50 mg/kg/d), and CCI + CORT3 + RU486 (RU486: 50 mg/kg/d) groups. Brain tissues were collected on postinjury day 3 and processed for histology and western blot analysis.Results: On postinjury day 3, we tested the learning and memory ability, neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus, activation levels of MR and GR, Bcl-2 family proteins, and apoptosis-related intracellular signaling pathways. We found that different doses of CORT exhibited dual effects on the survival of hippocampal neurons and the spatial memory. Lower doses of CORT (0.3, 3 mg/kg) significantly increased the activation of MR, upregulated the phosphorylation of Akt/CREB/Bad and the Bcl-2 expression, reduced the number of apoptotic neurons, and subsequently improved the spatial memory. In contrast, higher dose of CORT (30 mg/kg) exerted opposite effect by over activating GR, upregulating the expressions of P53/Bax, and inhibiting the Erk/CREB activities. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is a threshold between the neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of endogenous GC, higher dose of which, even for short-term use, should also be avoided after TBI.
Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation for Interpreting LSTM-RNN Decisions in Predictive Maintenance
Authors: Wu Haiyue , Huang Aihua , Sutherland John W.
Published: May 2021

Predictive maintenance (PdM) is an advanced technique to predict the time to failure (TTF) of a system. PdM collects sensor data on the health of a system, processes the information using data analytics, and then establishes data-driven models that can forecast system failure. Deep neural networks are increasingly being used as these data-driven models owing to their high predictive accuracy and efficiency. However, deep neural networks are often criticized as being “black boxes,” which owing to their multi-layered and non-linear structure provide little insight into the underlying physics of the system being monitored, and that are nontransparent and untraceable in their predictions. In order to address this issue, the layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) technique is applied to analyze a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) model. The proposed method is demonstrated and validated for a bearing health monitoring study based on vibration data. The obtained LRP results provide insights into how the model “learns” from the input data and demonstrate the distribution of contribution/relevance to the neural network classification in the input space. In addition, comparisons are made with gradient-based sensitivity analysis to show the power of LRP in interpreting RNN models. The LRP is proved to have promising potential in interpreting deep neural network models and improving model accuracy and efficiency for PdM.
Online Abortion Empowerment in Absence of Parental and Medical Support: A Thematic Analysis of a Reddit Community’s Contributions to Decision-Making and Access
Authors: Richards Nicole K , Masud Ayesha , Arocha Jose F
Published: May 2021

BackgroundFamily planning decisions can be influenced by several factors, including social and clinical support. Lack of support can hinder autonomous and informed pregnancy choices and healthcare access. Adolescents commonly use the internet as a communication platform and information source. This study sought to identify online reports of parental paternalism’s influence abortion knowledge and access, and how virtual a community responded to paternalistic determinants.MethodsWe explored abortion discussions on Reddit, an online platform that houses virtual communities of anonymous users (Dec 13, 2019 – Mar 1, 2020). We identified relevant posts within the “r/abortion” community using scoping review data collection methods. Relevant posts included those that discussed parents, familial/cultural values, and young age (n=93); Of these, 58 posts fit the research question. We analyzed initial posts and responses using theory-driven thematic analysis through collaborative deductive codes and thematic maps.ResultsR/abortion users discussed the parental and clinical role in family planning. Unsupportive interactions hindered users’ ability to make autonomous abortion decisions. Parents and the health system commonly upheld physical, financial, and privacy barriers. Users shared experiences and advice to overcome paternalistic influence, and offered decision-making, coping, and access resources. Young people felt empowered and informed by online conversations.ConclusionsPaternalistic barriers brought individuals to participate in r/abortion conversations. In addition to lacking knowledge to make abortion decisions, users were not informed of available services and how to navigate healthcare. R/abortion’s anonymity facilitated candid abortion discussions, provided health information, and helped users access abortion care. Peer-to-peer abortion discussions can be especially useful during COVID-19 to foster support in overcoming potentially increased isolation, parental involvement, and healthcare barriers. Family planning experts can use these communities as a tool to engage in person-centered efforts outside of traditional health systems.
Incremental Method of Generating Decision Implication Canonical Basis
Authors: Zhang Shaoxia , Li Deyu , Zhai Yanhui
Published: May 2021

Decision implication is an elementary representation of decision knowledge in formal concept analysis. Decision implication canonical basis (DICB), a set of decision implications with completeness and nonredundancy, is the most compact representation of decision implications. The method based on true premises (MBTP) for DICB generation is the most efficient one at present. In practical applications, however, data is always changing dynamically, and MBTP has to re-generate inefficiently the whole DICB. This paper proposes an incremental algorithm for DICB generation, which obtains a new DICB just by modifying and updating the existing one. Experimental results verify that when the samples in data are much more than condition attributes, which is actually a general case in practical applications, the incremental algorithm is significantly superior to MBTP. Furthermore, we conclude that, even for the data in which samples is less than condition attributes, when new samples are continually added into data, the incremental algorithm must be also more efficient than MBTP, because the incremental algorithm just needs to modify the existing DICB, which is only a part of work of MBTP.
Discordance of PIK3CA and TP53 Mutations Between Breast Cancer Brain Metastases and Matched Primary Tumors
Authors: THULIN ANNA , Andersson Carola , Rönnerman Elisabeth , De Lara Shahin , Chamalidou Chaido , Schoenfeldt Arnd , Kovács Anikó , Fagman Henrik , Enlund Fredrik , Linderholm Barbro K.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Extensive data of mutations in breast cancer (BC) metastases has been published in recent years. However, these studies contain very few patients with brain metastasis (BM). Thus, there is limited knowledge of the biology of BCBM. We primarily aimed to compare the mutational and histological pattern of BM with matched primary breast cancer (BC). Secondary aims were to determine mutations in BMs and PT in each BC subgroup (Luminal, HER2+ and TNBC) and survival according to changed or stable mutations between PTs and BMs. Patients and methods: We investigated 57 BCBMs including 46 cases with the matched primary tumors (PT) by targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) using the Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (ThermoFisher Scientific) covering 207 targeted regions in 50 cancer related genes. BC subtype according to immunohistochemistry (estrogen- and progesterone receptors, HER2 and Ki67) was obtained by re-evaluation of available tissue from BMs and PT. Results: NGS results fulfilling sequencing quality criteria were obtained from 52 BM (91.2%) and 41 (89.1%) PT, out of which 37 were matched pairs. Pathogenic mutation was detected in 66% of PTs (27/41), and 62% of BMs (32/52). TP53 mutations were most frequent; 49% (20/41) of PTs and 48% (25/52) in BMs, followed by PIK3CA mutations; 22% (9/42) in PTs and 25% (13/52) in BMs. Mutations in CDH1, EGFR, HRAS, RB1 CDKN2A and PTEN were detected in single pairs or single samples. Mutational pattern was discordant in 24% of matched pairs. Standard BC markers was discordant in 26%, with a loss of the estrogen receptor and a change from Luminal A to other subtypes as the most common. Changes of mutations in BMs compared with PT did not influence survival after diagnose of BM (p=0.4395).Conclusions: We show a discordance of PIK3CA and TP53 mutations, as well as IHC BC subgroups in 25% of the matched pairs of BM and PT, which confirms the need for re-evaluation of mutations, as well as standard BC markers by immunohistochemistry in the BM. Since there are difficulties in obtaining tissue from BM, analysis of cell-free DNA from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be a way forward.
Chryseobacterium paridis sp. nov., an endophytic bacterial species isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Yang Ling-Ling , Li Cong-Jian , Jiang Xing-Wang , Zhi Xiao-Yang
Published: May 2021

A Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterial strain YIM B02567 T was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis in China. Strain YIM B02567 T grew optimally at 25–30°C and at pH 7.0 in the absence of NaCl on nutrient agar. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM B02567 T belong to the genus Chryseobacterium , and closely related to Chryseobacterium piperi CTM T and Chryseobacterium soli DSM 19298 T . Whole genome sequencing indicated that the genome size was 4,774,612 bp and had a DNA G+C content of 34.5 %. Values of the ANI and the dDDH between strain YIM B02567 T and its closely related Chryseobacterium species were below 81.72 % and 24.7 %. Strain YIM B02567 T contained menaquinone-6 as the sole isoprenoid quinone, anteiso-C 15:0, iso-C 17:1 ω 9 c and iso-C 17:0 3-OH as major fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipid. Based on the polyphasic analyses, strain YIM B02567 T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from recognized species of the genus Chryseobacterium . The isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Chryseobacterium paridis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B02567 T (=CGMCC 1.18657 T =JCM 5426 T ).
Dysregulated splicing factor SF3B1 unveils a dual therapeutic vulnerability to target pancreatic cancer cells and cancer stem cells with an anti-splicing drug
Authors: Alors-Perez Emilia , Blázquez-Encinas Ricardo , Alcalá Sonia , Viyuela-García Cristina , Pedraza-Arevalo Sergio , Herrero-Aguayo Vicente , Jiménez-Vacas Juan M , Mafficini Andrea , Sánchez-Frías Marina E , Cano María T , Abollo-Jiménez Fernando , Marín-Sanz Juan A , Cabezas-Sainz Pablo , Lawlor Rita T , Luchini Claudio , Sánchez Laura , Sánchez-Hidalgo Juan M , Ventura Sebastián , Martin-Hijano Laura , Gahete Manuel D , Scarpa Aldo , Arjona-Sanchez Alvaro , Ibáñez-Costa Alejandro , Sainz Bruno , Luque Raul M , Castano Justo P
Published: May 2021

Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains an appallingly lethal cancer, requiring novel treatments to target both cancer cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Altered splicing is emerging as a novel cancer hallmark and attractive therapeutic target. The core splicing factor SF3B1 is heavily altered in cancer and can be inhibited by Pladienolide-B, but its actionability in PDAC is poorly known. We explore the presence and role of SF3B1 in PDAC and interrogate its potential as an actionable target.
Methods
SF3B1 was analyzed in PDAC tissues, a RNA-seq dataset, and public databases, examining associations with splicing alterations and key features/genes. Functional assays in PDAC cell lines and PDX-derived CSCs served to test Pladienolide-B treatment effects in vitro, and in vivo in zebrafish and mice.
Results
SF3B1 was overexpressed in human PDAC and associated with tumor grade and lymph-node involvement. SF3B1 levels closely associated with distinct splicing event profiles and expression of key PDAC players (KRAS, TP53). In PDAC cells, Pladienolide-B increased apoptosis and decreased multiple tumor-related features, including cell proliferation, migration, and colony/sphere formation, altering AKT and JNK signaling, and favoring proapoptotic splicing variants (BCL-XS/BCL-XL, KRASa/KRAS, Δ133TP53/TP53). Importantly, Pladienolide-B similarly impaired CSCs, reducing their stemness capacity and increasing their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Pladienolide-B also reduced PDAC/CSCs xenograft tumor growth in vivo in zebrafish and/or mice.
Conclusion
SF3B1 overexpression is a therapeutic vulnerability in PDAC, as altered splicing can be targeted with Pladienolide-B both in cancer cells and CSCs, paving the way for novel therapies for this lethal cancer.
The Role of Growth Hormone and IGF-1 in Retinopathy: A Prospective Study of Retinopathy in Patients with Acromegaly and Impaired Fasting Glucose
Authors: Wu Tzu-En , Chen Harn-Shen
Published: May 2021

We hypothesized that elevated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) could accelerate the progress of non-proliferative retinopathy into proliferative retinopathy. We recruited 91 patients with acromegaly and 123 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) between 2008 and 2016 to examine the incidence and prevalence of retinopathy. Patients attended follow-ups in our clinics and underwent examinations according to the national guidelines for diabetes management. Both cohorts attended follow-ups until June 2019. Both groups had similar HbA1c, cholesterol, and blood pressure levels. However, patients with acromegaly had higher GH (8.05±16.18 vs. 0.78±1.25 ng/mL) and IGF-1 (547.0±342.1 vs. 146.7±51.4 ng/mL) levels than in subjects with IFG. During the follow-up period, eight patients (8.8%) with acromegaly and 12 patients (9.8%) with IFG developed some degree of retinopathy. Three patients with acromegaly and two with IFG progressed to proliferative retinopathy. Patients with acromegaly had the same incidence of non-proliferative retinopathy (odds ratio [OR]: 0.830; 95% CI: 0.318–2.164) and a non-statistically significantly higher incidence of proliferative retinopathy (OR: 2.461; 95% CI: 0.404–14.988). The data reveals that GH and IGF-1 might play a crucial role in the development of proliferative retinopathy and influence its progression. Therefore, we suggest screening patients with acromegaly should be similar to diabetes patients.
Clinicopathological Significance of Up-Regulated Pir-1366 in NSCLC and its Effect on Tumor Migration and Metastasis
Authors: Zhou Jun , Guo Hong , Lu Wen , Shi Hongchan , Wang Chenghai
Published: May 2021

Background: piRNAs are a kind of noncoding RNAs that involve in tumorigenesis and development, but the role of piRNAs in NSCLC remain unclear. In this study, we explored the role of piR-1366 in NSCLC .Methods:The identification of piRNAs was performed using Human Arraystar piRNA Array in NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. up-regulated piR-1366 were validated in the NSCLC and selected for further study of migration and metastasis. In addition, the expression of piR-1366 in 87 cases of NSCLC was detected by in situ hybridization and the correlation between piR-1366 expression and pathological parameters of NSCLC patients was analyzed. meanwhile, bioinformatics, qRT-PCR and West blotting were used to examine the signal pathway of piR-1366 in migration. Results: piR-1366 was up-regulated and positive expression in NSCLC ,The positive expression of piR-1366 was closely related to lymph node metastasis of NSCLC, but not with age, gender, tumor location, tumor size, tumor grade and TNM stage. piR-1366 is transfected into lung cancer cells to promote its migration and metastasis. Mechanistically,WT1-3'UTR was complementary combination with piR-1366 by bioinformatic prediction and identified as a direct target of piR-1366 through dual-luciferase reporter assay. Over-expression and knockdown of WT1 could respectively rescue and simulate the effects induced by piR-1366. Finally, piR-1366 promoted migration and metastasis by the WT1 /CDH1 pathway in lung cancer cells. Conclusions:Thus,our article suggested that piR-1366 was a novel pro-metastasis oncogene and may represent a novel marker of diagnosis and treatment for Metastatic NSCLC.
Pulmonary Lesion Subtypes Recognition of COVID-19 From Radiomics Data With Three Dimensional Texture Characterization in CT Images
Authors: Li Wei , Cao Yangyong , Yu Kun , Cai Yibo , Huang Feng , Yang Minglei , Xie Weidong
Published: May 2021

Background: The COVID-19 disease is putting unprecedented pressure on the global healthcare system. The CT examination as a auxiliary confirmed diagnostic method can help clinicians quickly detect lesions locations of COVID-19 once screening by PCR test. Furthermore, the lesion subtypes classification plays a critical role in the consequent treatment decision. Identifying the subtypes of lesions accurately can help doctors discover changes in lesions in time and better assess the severity of COVID-19. Method: The most four typical lesion subtypes of COVID-19 are discussed in this paper, which are ground-glass opacity (GGO), cord, solid and subsolid. A computer aided diagnosis approach of lesion subtype is proposed in this paper. The radiomics data of lesions are segmented from COVID-19 patients CT images with diagnosis and lesions annotations by radiologists. Then the three dimensional texture descriptors are applied on the volume data of lesions as well as shape and First order features. The massive feature data are selected by hybrid adaptive selection algorithm and a classification model is trained at the same time. The classifier is used to predict lesion subtypes as side decision information for radiologists. Results: There are 3734 lesions extracted from the dataset with 319 patients collection and then 189 radiomics features are obtained finally. The random forest classifier is trained with data augmentation that the number of different subtypes of lesions is imbalanced in initial dataset. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the four subtypes of lesions is (0.9306, 0.9684, 0.9958, and 0.9430), the recall is (0.9552, 0.9158, 0.9580 and 0.8075) and the f-score is (0.93.84, 0.92.37, 0.95.47, and 84.42). Conclusion: The method is evaluated in multiple sufficient experiments. The results show that the 3D radiomics features chosen by hybrid adaptive selection algorithm can better express the advanced information of the lesion data. The classification model obtains a good performance and is compared the models of COVID-19 in the stat of art, which can help clinicians more accurately identify the subtypes of COVID-19 lesions and provide help for further research.
UCHL1 Promotes Chemoresistance to 5-Fluoruracil Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy and is a Prognostic Marker for Stage II Colon Cancer Patients
Authors: Ma Liyuan , Wu Chaowen , Ding Lu , Yu Dong , Shi Xinrong , Ning Jie , Wu Zehua , Jiang Tao
Published: May 2021

Background: 5-Fluoruracil based adjuvant chemotherapy after radical resection is recommended for stage II colon cancer patients with high risk of recurrence. Up to now, novel biomarkers still needed for better stratification for improving prognosis. Methods: Here we report that UCHL1 is an independent prognostic factor for stage II colon cancer patients and promotes chemoresistance both in vitro and in vivo. Results: Our study indicated that UCHL1 is significant up regulated in 96 pairs of stage II colon cancer patients who received postoperative 5-FU based chemotherapy. Stage II colon cancer patients with high UCHL1 expression showed high recurrence rate after chemotherapy. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that UCHL1 is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P=0.008) and disease-free survival (P=0.001). 5-FU based chemoresistance is examined in colon cancer cell lines (RKO and LoVo) with down regulation of UCHL1 by cytotoxicity test. Down regulation of UCHL1 exhibited decreased cell viability, elevated cell apoptosis rate, increased G2/M-phase and elevated level of cleaved caspase 3 and PARP when treated with 5-FU. Furthermore, the results in xenograft model are consistent with results in vitro.Conclusions: UCHL1 potentially contributing to identify recurrence risk and predict the benefit for postoperative 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer patients.
Ultrasound localization microscopy and functional ultrasound reveal atypical features of the live trigeminal ganglion
Authors: Goazigo Annabelle Réaux-Le , Beliard Benoit , Rahal Line , Claron Julien , Renaudin Noémi , Rivals Isabelle , Thibault Miguel , Nouhoum Mohamed , Deffieux Thomas , Tanter Mickael , PEZET Sophie
Published: May 2021

The functional imaging of the neurovascular coupling within the trigeminal ganglion (TG) is highly challenging due to its small size and its deep localization. This study combined a methodological framework able to dive into the rat trigeminal nociceptive system by jointly providing first imaging of the trigeminal ganglion blood vasculature at microscopic resolution and the measurement of its neurovascular coupling in the rat TG evoked by corneal stimulations, a robust and clinically-relevant model. Using functional ultrasound imaging (fUS), we were able to image and quantify a strong hemodynamic response in the ipsilateral TG from anesthetized rats, evoked by mechanical or chemical stimulations of corneal nociceptive fibers to intact cornea, even though TG involves less than 300 sensory neurons. The in vivo quantitative imaging of the TG’s vasculature using ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) combined with ex-vivo (DiI) staining reveals particular features of the vascularization of the area containing the sensory neurons, that is likely the origin of this strong vaso-trigeminal response and due to the nature of this structure at the interface between the peripheral and central nervous systems. This innovative imaging approach opens the path for future studies on the mechanisms underlying changes in trigeminal local blood flow and neurovascular coupling, key mechanisms and readouts for the understanding and treatment of debilitating trigeminal pain conditions.
Nkx3-1 and Fech Genes Might be Switch Genes Involved in Pituitary Non-Functioning Adenoma Invasiveness
Authors: Khayer Nasibeh , Jalessi Maryam , Jahanbakhshi Amin , khooei Alireza Tabib , Mirzaie Mehdi
Published: May 2021

Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are typical pituitary macroadenomas in adults that are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Although pituitary adenomas are commonly considered slow-growing benign brain tumors, numerous of them possess an invasive nature. Such tumors destroy sella turcica and invade the adjacent tissues such as the cavernous sinus and sphenoid sinus. The most critical obstacle for complete surgical removal in these cases is the high risk of damaging adjacent vital structures. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies for either early diagnosis through biomarkers or medical therapies to reduce the recurrence rate of NFPAs is imperative. Identification of gene interactions has paved the way for decoding complex molecular mechanisms, including disease-related pathways, and identifying the most momentous genes involved in a specific disease. Currently, our knowledge of the invasion of the pituitary adenoma at the molecular level is not sufficient. The current study aimed to identify critical biomarkers and biological pathways associated with invasiveness in the NFPAs using a three-way interaction model for the first time. In the current study, the Liquid association method was applied to capture the statistically significant triplets that are involved in NFPAs invasiveness. Subsequently, Random Forest analysis was applied to select the most important switch genes. Finally, gene set enrichment (GSE) and gene regulatory network (GRN) analyses were applied to trace the biological relevance of the statistically significant triplets. The results of this study suggest that “mRNA processing” and “spindle organization” biological processes are important in NFAPs invasiveness. Specifically, our results suggest Nkx3-1 and Fech as two switch genes in NFAPs invasiveness that may be a potential biomarkers or target genes, in this pathology.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some pyrazolone based Schiff base derivatives as enzymes inhibitors, antioxidant, and anticancer agents
Authors: ÇINAR Ercan , BAŞARAN Eyüp , ERDOĞAN Ömer , ÇAKMAK Reşit , BOĞA Mehmet , ÇEVİK Özge
Published: May 2021

Drugs with sufficient efficacy for use in the therapy of Alzheimer and other diseases caused by oxidative stress have not yet been produced until today despite the great efforts. Therefore, many people all over the world are experiencing serious health problems due to these diseases nowadays. In the current study, a series of pyrazolone based Schiff base derivatives (2a-e) (except 2a) as target molecules were successfully synthesized for the first time, and then structurally illuminated by using FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Their inhibition activities on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase enzymes were extensively tested, respectively. Furthermore, the synthesized molecules were also investigated for antioxidant and anticancer activities. The potential in vitro cytotoxic activities of the title molecules were examined on HeLa cancer and 3T3 mouse normal fibroblast cell lines using MTT assay. Our results showed that 1b (IC50: 9.497 mM) and 2a (IC50: 30.49 mM) significantly decreased the proliferation of HeLa cells. On the other hand, the apoptotic effect of 1b and 2a were investigated with acridine orange/propidium iodide double staining. The apoptotic cell ratios of the molecules treated with 1b and 2a were determined as 60 and 64%, respectively. While 2b was found to be a very active molecule in antioxidant activities assays in ABTS cation radical scavenging (IC50:17.95±0.47 mM) and CUPRAC (A0.5:48.73±0.52 mM) activities, 2c had a very active molecule in AChE, BChE and tyrosinase inhibitory activities with 82.79±1.03, 91.39±1.06 and 92.60±1.80 inhibition%, respectively. Also, the target molecules (2a-e) showed better antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities than those of ester derivatives (1a-e).
Histopathological Validation of the Safe Margin for Nephron – Sparing Surgery Based on Individual Tumor Growth Pattern
Authors: Li Gang , Yang Yuanyuan , Wang Keruo , Zhang Renya , Wang Aixiang , yan chengzhi
Published: May 2021

Background

To evaluate the clinicopathologic value of morphological growth patterns of small renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) and define the real demand to take a rim of healthy parenchyma to avoid positive SM.
Methods

Data was collected from 560 sRCC patients who underwent surgery from May 2010 to October 2017. 149 cases had nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) and others had radical nephrectomy (RN). All specimens were analyzed separately by two uropathologists and identified three morphological growth patterns. The presence of pseudocapsule (PC), surgical margins (SM) and other routinely variables were recorded. The relationship between growth patterns and included variables was measured by χ2 test and Fisher’s exact probability test. Survival outcomes were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test.
Results

Median age of patients was 63.2 years and mean tumor diameter was 3.0 cm. 480 (85.7%) patients were clear cell RCC and 541 (96.6%) cases were pT1a stage. Peritumoral PC was detected in 512 (92.5%) specimens and the ratio of tumor invasion in PC in infiltration pattern increased obviously than other growth patterns. Similarly, the pT stage was significantly correlated with infiltration pattern as well. 149 patients underwent NSS and 3 (2.0%) of them had positive SM after operation. Statistical differences of 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) existed among different morphological growth patterns, PC status and pT stages.
Conclusions

Morphological growth patterns of sRCC might be used as a potential biomarker to help operating NSS to avoid the risk of positive SM. How to distinguish different morphological growth patterns before operation and the effectiveness of growth pattern as a novel proposed parameter to direct NSS in sRCC patients deserves further exploration.
Tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome – Characteristics, complications, and a comparison between early and late tracheostomy: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Hansson Anna , Sunnergren Ola , Hammarskjöld Anneli , Alkemark Catarina , Taxbro Knut
Published: May 2021

Background As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic spread worldwide in 2020, the number of patients requiring intensive care and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) has increased rapidly. Tracheostomy has several advantages over oral intubation in critically ill patients, including the facilitation of prolonged mechanical ventilation. However, the optimal timing of the procedure remains unclear. During the pandemic, early recommendations suggested that tracheostomy should be postponed, as the potential benefits were not certain to exceed the risk of viral transmission to healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome, in terms of patient and clinical characteristics, outcomes, and complications, by comparing between early and late tracheostomy. Methods A multicentre, retrospective observational study was conducted in Jönköping County, Sweden. Between 14 March 2020 and 13 March 2021, 117 patients were included in the study. All patients > 18 years of age with confirmed COVID-19 who underwent tracheostomy were divided into two groups based on the timing of the procedure (< / > 7 days). Outcomes including the time on IMV, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and mortality 30 days after ICU admission, as well as complications due to tracheostomy were compared between the groups. Results Early tracheostomy (< 7 days, n = 56) was associated with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (7 [Inter Quartile Range, IQR 12], p = 0.001) as well as a shorter ICU stay (8 [IQR 14], p = 0.001). The mortality rates were equal between the groups. The most frequent complication of tracheostomy was minor bleeding. With the exception of a higher rate of obesity in the group receiving late tracheostomy, the patient characteristics were similar between the groups. Conclusions This study showed that early tracheostomy was safe and associated with a shorter time on IMV as well as a shorter ICU length of stay, implicating possible clinical benefits in critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, it is necessary to verify these findings in a randomised controlled trial.Trial Registration: Not required
Postpartum depression and physical activity amongst women attending immunization and postnatal clinic in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan
Authors: Nwosu Netochi
Published: May 2021

Background
Depressive disorders are listed as one important public health issue among women of reproductive age. Postpartum depression is a mental health disorder occurring after childbirth and has disabling effect on mother and child. Amongst other alternative treatment methods, physical activity has been proposed as beneficial especially for mild postpartum depression. Therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression, and the association between postpartum depression and physical activity among women in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan.
Methods
The cross-sectional study was conducted among 401 women attending immunisation and postnatal clinics at the University College Hospital Ibadan. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire containing; a self-developed socio-demographic section, Edinburgh postnatal depression scale to measure postpartum depression and International physical activity questionnaire (short type) to assess physical activity. Analysis was done using chi square and a multivariate analysis to determine independent factors. Significance was set at 0.05.
Results
More than a third of the respondents (37.8%) had postpartum depression. Physical activity level was high (72.1%). High levels of physical activity had 1.25 the odds of postpartum depression as compared to lower levels (95% CI = 0.797–0.97). Gender of child, relationship satisfaction, age of child, were independently associated with postpartum depression.
Conclusion
This study shows that prevalence of postpartum depression is greater than previously reported in past studies in southwest Nigeria and high levels of physical activity may increase the risk of postpartum depression.
Dynamics and predicted distribution of an irrupting ‘sleeper’ population: fallow deer in Tasmania
Authors: Cunningham Calum , Perry George L W , Bowman David , Forsyth David M , Driessen Michael M , Appleby Matt , Brook Barry W , Hocking Greg , Buettel Jessie C , French Ben J , Hamer Rowena , Bryant Sally , Taylor Matt , Gardiner Riana , Proft Kirstin , Scoleri Vincent P , Chiu-Werner Antje , Travers Toby , Thompson Liam , Guy Tom , Johnson Christopher N
Published: May 2021

Sleeper populations of non-native species can remain at low abundance for decades before irrupting. For over a century, fallow deer ( Dama dama ) in the island state of Tasmania, Australia, remained at low abundance and close to the region in which they were released. Recently, there are indications the population has increased in abundance and distribution. Here, we spatially quantify the population change using a time series of annual spotlight counts from 1985 to 2019 (total of 5,761 counts). Next, we predict the potential for further range expansion, using global occurrences to characterise the species’ climatic niche, and remote-camera surveys (n = 3,225) to model fine-grained habitat suitability. Spotlight counts of fallow deer increased by 11.5% annually, resulting in a 40-fold increase from 1985 to 2019. The core distribution increased 2.9-fold during this 35-year period, and now spans c. 27% of Tasmania’s land area. Satellite populations have established in locations where farmed deer have escaped or been released, suggesting that humans have facilitated some of the range expansion via new introduction events. Based on climate and habitat suitability, our models predict that 56% of Tasmania is suitable under the current climate. This suggests range expansion is likely to continue unless the population is actively managed, which could include the eradication of satellite populations and containment of core populations. This case study cautions that despite over a century of slow population growth, sleeper populations of non-native species can abruptly increase.
Double Slit to Cross Double Slit to Comprehensive Double Slit Experiments
Authors: Peng Hui
Published: May 2021

Young’s double slit experiments, which represent the mystery of quantum mechanics, have been interpreted by quantum probability waves and de Broglie-Bohm’s trajectory/pilot waves. To study in detail, the double slit experiments are extended to the cross double slit experiments. We argue that an interpretation must be able to explain all of the double slit and cross double slit experiments consistently. To test the interpretations, the comprehensive double slit experiments have been performed, which challenge both the wave interpretation and the trajectory interpretation. The cross double slit experiments and comprehensive double slit experiments provide a new tool for studying the mystery of double slit, wave-particle duality, complementarity principle, wave theory and trajectory theory. In this article, we review the cross double slit experiments and comprehensive double slit experiments, and report new experiments.
Shamanisme dan Kesurupan: Teologi Demonik—Eksplorasi Demonologi Sosial dengan Demonologi Spiritis dalam Perspektif Non-Barat dan Implikasi Pastoral Lintas Budaya dan Agama
Authors: Banoet Fiktor Jekson
Published: May 2021

Abstract

As a social and cultural phenomenon, shamanism and possession are often mistakenly understood. The point of view at issue in these two forms of demonology is how we monitor the beginning of its proposition, not just the preposition that departs from the practice of pastoral, but its context-based epistemology. This is due to the difference in the peculiarities of the counseling model in the West and the East, especially Asia. Second, from theological heritage, we rarely understand both phenomena from demonology theology. Third, this paper aims to clarify the pathology of understanding of shamanism and bleakness that is always chaotic, namely sharpening the diff erence between spiritist and social demonology, by using the cross-cultural dan religion-based pastoral.

 

Abstrak

Sebagai fenomena sosial dan kultural, shamanisme dan kesurupan sering dipahami secara keliru. Titik pandang yang menjadi persoalan pada dua bentuk demonologis tersebut ialah bagaimana kita memantau awal preposisinya, bukan hanya sekadar preposisi yang bertolak dari praktek pastoralia, tetapi dari epistemologinya yang berbasis konteks. Hal ini disebabkan ada perbedaan kekhasan model konseling di Barat dan di Timur, khususnya Asia. Kedua, dari sudut warisan teologi, kita jarang memahami kedua fenomena tersebut dari titik pandang teologi demonology. Ketiga, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memperjelas patologi pemahaman atas shamanisme dan kesurupan yang selalu kaotik, yaitu menajamkan perbedaan antara demonologi spiritis dan sosial, dengan menggunakan bingai pastoral lintas budaya dan agama.
Social impacts of the continuous usage of digital healthcare service: A case of South Korea
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Kim Boyoung
Published: May 2021

As untact communication is promoted in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, special attention is paid to remote medical examination and customized healthcare trends. General digital healthcare services among social community members positively affect individuals’ healthcare and reduce medical social services’ burden, contributing to the development of society. Accordingly, it is necessary to induce healthcare behaviors through the continuous usage of digital healthcare services among social community members and to examine significant social impact factors in this regard. This study empirically analyzes the impact of three social impact factors – social capital, social support, and social value – on the continuous usage of digital healthcare service with healthcare behaviors and e-health literacy as media. To this end, a survey was conducted among 363 individuals who had used digital healthcare services in Korea, and the statistical data were analyzed. Social capital and social value were found to affect healthcare behaviors, e-health literacy, and continuous usage intentions, but social support did not. Based on this result, it was confirmed that the factors regarded by digital healthcare service users as necessary were the values and perceptions shared in society and the group, information and active communication rather than direct public support.