bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I “get” you, babe: Reflective functioning in partners transitioning to parenthood
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Slade Arietta , Pettit Corey , Shai Dana
Published: May 2020

Reflective functioning (RF) is a construct that has gained tremendous traction in the developmental psychology literature, demonstrating robust associations with parent–child attachment and interactional quality. Although theorists argue that RF should have meaningful links with relationship quality across the life span, to date this construct has not been applied to the study of adult romantic partnerships. The goal of the present investigation is to introduce the construct of Partner RF, the capacity to reflect on the thoughts and feelings of one’s partner and to consider their roles in guiding behavior in one’s partner and oneself. Next, we explore the degree to which Partner RF is associated with a range of theoretically related constructs—one’s partner’s Partner RF, as well as one’s own parental RF, attachment, relationship satisfaction, and coparenting—in first-time parents. In a longitudinal study of N = 107 primiparous couples, we found positive associations between mothers’ and fathers’ Partner RF and between mother’s Partner RF and their parental RF. Partner RF is higher among women who report lower prenatal attachment avoidance and demonstrate more prenatal positive communication with their partners. Counterintuitively, higher levels of maternal Partner RF predict greater decreases in couple and coparenting satisfaction across the transition to parenthood. Partner RF may be an important construct to measure and understand in terms of its role in couple relationship functioning and parental well-being.
Can’t always get what I want: Cultural expectations of emotional support in entrepreneurship
Authors: Klyver Kim , Schenkel Mark T , Nielsen Mette Søgaard
Published: May 2020

In this article, we develop three ideal types of cultural expectations informed by a qualitative critical event analysis of Danish entrepreneurs’ expectations of emotional support, informing a broader conceptual framework and future research agenda of cultural expectation alignment of support behaviour. We suggest that family relations associate with altruism and a family logic, friends with mutualism and a community logic and businesspersons with egoism and a market logic. These cultural expectations shape how entrepreneurs emotionally react to received support, or lack thereof, from these role-relations, and consequently outcomes of the support. Thus, effects of social support are about ‘what you get’ relative to ‘what you expect’.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of early unruptured tubal pregnancy in a community hospital
Authors: Chu Rong-Rong , Liu Duo-Feng , Wang Mei , Liu Lan
Published: May 2020

Objective

To investigate ultrasonographic characteristics and diagnostic approaches of unruptured tubal pregnancy (UTP).

Methods

One hundred forty-six cases of early tubal pregnancy, which were confirmed surgically, were analyzed.

Results

Among 146 cases of UTP, 130 were diagnosed by ultrasonography. Furthermore, 16 cases of UTP were missed by ultrasonography. A total of 130 patients had a mass detected by ultrasonography, among whom the mass and ipsilateral ovary were distinguishable in 102. The embryo sac type was found in 40.00% (52/130), while the heterogeneous mass type was found in 60.00% (78/130) of patients. The maximum length and diameter of the ectopic pregnancy mass ranged from 10 to 68 mm (mean size, 26.42 ± 11.39 mm). No blood flow was observed in or around the mass in 67.69% (88/130) of patients. Lateral tubal thickening of the mass was found in 47.69% (62/130) of patients. Endometrial thickness was ≤10 mm in 67.80% (99/146) of patients. The intima was mostly hyperechoic in 72.60% (106/146) of patients.

Conclusion

A paraovarian mass, thickened fallopian tube, uterine endometrium with a thickness of ≤10 mm, and high echo are important indicators of early UTP. Ultrasound examinations should focus on these indicators to help improve detection of early tubal pregnancy.
The New Age of Hybridity and Clash of Norms: China, BRICS, and Challenges of Global Governance in a Postliberal International Order
Authors: Öniş Ziya , Kutlay Mustafa
Published: May 2020

This article sketches an analytical framework to account for new patterns of global governance. We characterize the emergent postliberal international order as a new age of hybridity, which signifies that no overriding set of paradigms dominate global governance. Instead, we have a complex web of competing norms, which creates new opportunities as well as major elements of instability, uncertainty, and anxiety. In the age of hybridity, non-Western great powers (led by China) play an increasingly counter-hegemonic role in shaping new style multilateralism—ontologically fragmented, normatively inconsistent, and institutionally incoherent. We argue that democracy paradox constitutes the fundamental issue at stake in this new age of hybridity. On the one hand, global power transitions seem to enable “democratization of globalization” by opening more space to the hitherto excluded non-Western states to make their voices heard. On the other hand, emerging pluralism in global governance is accompanied by the regression of liberal democracy and spread of illiberalism that enfeeble “globalization of democratization.”
Challenges in anaesthesia and pain management for burn injuries
Authors: Stapelberg Francois
Published: May 2020

Burn-injured patients provide unique challenges to those providing anaesthesia and pain management. This review aims to update both the regular burn anaesthetist and the anaesthetist only occasionally involved with burn patients in emergency settings. It addresses some aspects of care that are perhaps contentious in terms of airway management, fluid resuscitation, transfusion practices and pharmacology. Recognition of pain management failures and the lack of mechanism-specific analgesics are discussed along with the opioid crisis as it relates to burns and nonpharmacological methods in the management of distressed patients.
Achieving Successful Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy in the Setting of Generalized Ligamentous Laxity With Labral Preservation and Appropriate Capsular Management: A Propensity Matched Controlled Study
Authors: Maldonado David R. , Chen Jeffery W. , Yelton Mitchell J. , Rosinsky Philip J. , Shapira Jacob , Brayboy Ciaran , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Association among generalized ligamentous laxity (GLL), hip microinstability, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after hip arthroscopy has yet to be completely established.

Purposes:

(1) To report minimum 2-year PROs in patients with GLL who underwent hip arthroscopy in the setting of symptomatic labral tears and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and (2) to compare clinical results with a matched-pair control group without GLL.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data from a prospectively collected database were retrospectively reviewed between August 2014 and December 2016. Patients were considered eligible if they received primary arthroscopic treatment for symptomatic labral tears and femoroacetabular impingement. Inclusion criteria included preoperative and minimum 2-year follow-up scores for the following PROs: modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and visual analog scale for pain (VAS). From the sample population, 2 groups were created: the GLL group (Beighton score ≥4) and the control group (Beighton score <4). Patients were matched in a 1:2 ratio via propensity score matching according to age, sex, body mass index, Tönnis grade, and preoperative lateral center-edge angle. Patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for mHHS, Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific Scale (HOS-SSS), and International Hip Outcome Tool–12 (iHOT-12) were calculated.

Results:

A total of 57 patients with GLL were matched to 88 control patients. Age, sex, body mass index, and follow-up times were not different between groups ( P > .05). Preoperative radiographic measurements demonstrated no difference between groups. Intraoperative findings and procedures between groups were similar except for capsular treatment, with the GLL group receiving a greater percentage of capsular plications ( P = .04). At minimum 2-year follow-up, both groups showed significant improvement in PROs and VAS ( P < .001). Furthermore, the postoperative PROs at minimum 2-year follow-up and the magnitude of improvement (delta value) were similar between groups for mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, and VAS ( P > .05). Moreover, groups reached comparable rates of MCID and PASS for mHHS, HOS-SSS, and iHOT-12.

Conclusion:

Patients with GLL after hip arthroscopy for symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears may expect favorable outcomes with appropriate labral and capsular management at minimum 2-year follow-up. When compared with a pair-matched control group without GLL, results were comparable for mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, and VAS and reached PASS and/or MCID for mHHS, HOS-SSS, and iHOT-12.
Between-Limb Differences in Patellofemoral Joint Forces During Running at 12 to 24 Months After Unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sritharan Prasanna , Schache Anthony G. , Culvenor Adam G. , Perraton Luke G. , Bryant Adam L. , Crossley Kay M.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritis may occur after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The mechanisms underpinning the development of PFJ osteoarthritis are not known but may relate to altered PFJ loading. Few studies have assessed PFJ loads during high-impact tasks, such as running, beyond the acute rehabilitation phase (ie, >12 months) after ACLR.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to compare between-limb joint angles, joint moments, and PFJ contact force during running in individuals at 12 to 24 months after unilateral ACLR. We hypothesized that peak knee flexion angle, knee extension moment, and PFJ contact force during stance would be lower in the ACLR limb compared with the uninjured limb.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 55 participants (mean ± SD age, 28 ± 7 years), 12 to 24 months after ACLR, ran at a self-selected speed (2.9 ± 0.3 m/s). Measured kinematics and ground-reaction forces were input into musculoskeletal models to calculate joint moments and muscle forces. These values were subsequently input into a PFJ model to calculate contact force peak and impulse. Outcome measures were compared between the ACLR and uninjured limbs.

Results:

In the ACLR limb, compared with the uninjured limb, the PFJ contact force displayed a lower peak (ACLR, 6.1 ± 1.3 body weight [BW]; uninjured, 6.7 ± 1.4 BW; P < .001) and impulse (ACLR, 0.72 ± 0.17 BW*seconds [BWs]; uninjured, 0.81 ± 0.17 BWs; P < .001). At the time of the peak PFJ contact force, the knee extension moment was lower in the ACLR limb (ACLR, 14.0 ± 2.4 %BW*height [%BW*HT]; uninjured, 15.5 ± 2.5 %BW*HT; P < .001). The opposite was true for the ankle plantarflexion moment (ACLR, 12.1 ± 2.6 %BW*HT; uninjured, 11.5 ± 2.7 %BW*HT; P = .019) and the hip extension moment (ACLR, 2.3 ± 2.5 %BW*HT; uninjured, 1.6 ± 2.3 %BW*HT; P = .013). The foot-ground center of pressure was located more anteriorly with respect to the ankle joint center (ACLR, 5.8 ± 0.9 %height [%HT]; uninjured, 5.4 ± 1.0 %HT; P = .001). No differences were found for the sagittal plane hip, knee, and ankle angles.

Conclusion:

The ACLR limb experienced lower peak PFJ loads during running, explained by a small anterior shift in the foot-ground center of pressure during stance that offloaded the torque demand away from the ACLR knee.

Clinical Relevance:

Lower net PFJ loading during running in the ACLR limb more than 12 months after ACLR suggests that underloading might play a role in the onset of PFJ osteoarthritis after ACLR.
Comparison of sexual function changes in recipients of kidney transplant in females receiving kidney from the living donor and deceased donor
Authors: Nikoobakht Mohammadreza , Behtash Negar , Ramezani-Binabaj Mahdi , Jelveh-Moghaddam Erfan , Fakhr Yasseri Alimohammad , Dialameh Hossein
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim:

Chronic renal failure can result in different sexual and reproductive problems for women. Due to lack of information about sexual dysfunction of women with transplanted kidney and superiority of either living or deceased donor, we designed this retrospective cohort study to compare sexual function changes in recipients of kidney transplant in two groups receiving kidney from the living donor and deceased donor using Female Sexual Function Index score.

Methods and Materials:

We included 55 female patients who underwent kidney transplant from 22 May 2015 to 22 May 2016 in Sina Hospital (Tehran, Iran). Laboratory factors, including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein, were evaluated before and after the transplantation. Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire was used to evaluate sexual function of the patients before the transplant, 3 months after the transplant, and 9 months after the transplant.

Results:

Our results revealed that there is significant improvement in the Female Sexual Function Index score of the patients after the transplant (p-value < .001). However, we found no significant difference between the scores of the patients with living donor and deceased donor (p-value > .05). Patients’ age, creatinine level, low-density lipoprotein, and diastolic blood pressure are negative predictors of Female Sexual Function Index scores.
Evaluation of a Video Decision Aid to Reduce Decisional Conflict in Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) Decision-Making
Authors: Gallegos Jarred V. , Edelstein Barry , Moss Alvin H.
Published: May 2020

Background/Objectives:

Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) is recommended as a preferred practice for advance care planning with seriously ill patients. Decision aids can assist patients in advance care planning, but there are limited studies on their use for POLST decisions. We hypothesized that after viewing a POLST video, decision aid participants would demonstrate increased knowledge and satisfaction and decreased decisional conflict.

Design:

Pre-and postintervention with no control group.

Setting/Participants:

Fifty community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older asked to complete a POLST based on a hypothetical condition.

Interventions:

Video decision aid for Sections A and B of the POLST form.

Measurements:

Pre- and postintervention participant knowledge, decisional satisfaction, decisional conflict, and acceptability of video decision aid.

Results:

Use of the video decision aid increased knowledge scores from 11.24 ± 2.77 to 14.32 ± 2.89, P < .001, improved decisional satisfaction 10.14 ± 3.73 to 8.70 ± 3.00, P = .001, and decreased decisional conflict 12 ± 9.42 to 8.15 ± 9.13, P < .001. All participants reported that they were comfortable using the video decision aid, that they would recommend it to others, and that it clarified POLST decisions.

Conclusions:

Participants endorsed the use of a POLST video decision aid, which increased their knowledge of POLST form options and satisfaction with their decisions, and decreased their decisional conflict in POLST completion. This pilot study provides preliminary support for the use of video decision aids for POLST decision-making. Future research should evaluate a decision aid for the entire POLST form and identify patient preferences for implementing POLST decision aids into clinical practice.
Measuring Hidden Support for Physical Intimate Partner Violence: A List Randomization Experiment in South-Central Ethiopia
Authors: Gibson Mhairi A. , Gurmu Eshetu , Cobo Beatriz , Rueda María M. , Scott Isabel M.
Published: May 2020

Understanding how and why physical intimate partner violence (IPV) persists in high-risk communities has proven difficult. As IPV is both sensitive and illegal, people may be inclined to misreport their views and experiences. By embedding a list randomization experiment (LRE), which increases respondent privacy, in a survey of 809 adult Arsi Oromo men and women in rural south-central Ethiopia, we test the reliability of direct questioning survey methods (e.g., used in the Demographic and Health Surveys) for measuring attitudes that underpin the acceptability of IPV. Participants were randomly assigned versions of the survey in which they were asked either directly or indirectly about the acceptability of wife-beating. By comparing responses across these surveys, we identify the extent to which views are being misreported using direct questioning methods, as well as identifying the “true” predictors of continued support for wife-beating. Indirect questioning reveals that almost one third of the sample believe that wife-beating is acceptable. Adults (particularly men) who are less educated (<3 years schooling) or living in households where women do not participate in economic decision making are among those most likely to identify wife-beating as justifiable (>50% endorsement). These individuals, however, are also more inclined to hide their approval when asked directly by an interviewer. That we find high but underreported support for wife-beating among some members of the community demonstrates a clear need to encourage a more open dialogue, to prevent violence toward women remaining undetected and thus unchanged. This finding also raises questions about the accuracy of traditional direct questioning for capturing information on IPV attitudes and norms. Of relevance to policy, we find that wife-beating is entirely absent only among adults with higher levels of education, living in households where decision making is shared between couples.
Unique, Additive, and Interactive Effects of Types of Intimate Partner Cybervictimization on Depression in Hispanic Emerging Adults
Authors: Cantu Jorge I. , Charak Ruby
Published: May 2020

The advent of modern technology has inadvertently created newer avenues for intimate partner victimization (IPV) to transpire. This study investigated (a) whether psychological, sexual, and stalking intimate partner cybervictimization (cyber IPV) types were uniquely associated with depression and whether there were (b) additive and (c) interactive effects of cyber IPV types on depression, after controlling for face-to-face IPV among Hispanic emerging adults. Participants were 903 Hispanic emerging adults in the age range of 18 to 29 years ( M = 20.68, SD = 2.42; 74% female) attending a public university in South Texas. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing cyber IPV types (psychological, sexual, and stalking), face-to-face IPV types (physical, psychological, and sexual), and depression. Results indicated that nearly three-fourths (73%) of the sample endorsed at least one type of cyber IPV. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that psychological and sexual cyber IPV was uniquely associated with depression. An accumulating effect (additive effect model) of the three types of cyber IPV on depression was also found. Interaction effect model analysis yielded no significant effects. Findings reveal the detrimental effect of cyber IPV on mental health and calls for institutions and clinicians to develop preventive and treatment programs to aid victim-survivors.
Experiences and Perpetration of Recent Intimate Partner Violence Among Women and Men Living in an Informal Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya: A Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Ringwald Beate , Kababu Margaret , Ochieng Christian B. , Taegtmeyer Miriam , Zulaika Garazi , Phillips-Howard Penelope A. , Digolo Lina
Published: May 2020

Evidence suggests an overlap between intimate partner violence (IPV) experience and perpetration. However, few studies in sub-Saharan Africa have investigated experience and perpetration of IPV among women and men within the same community. This study reports prevalence of past-year IPV experience and perpetration among women and men living in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, and factors associated with IPV. Data analyzed for this study involved a geographically distributed random sample of 273 women and 429 men who participated in a community survey. We approximated prevalence of IPV experience and perpetration and used logistic regression for estimating associations between individual-level factors and IPV. Women and men experienced similar levels of IPV, but a significantly higher proportion of men reported physical and sexual IPV perpetration. Witnessing violence between parents in childhood was associated with women’s physical and sexual, and men’s sexual IPV experience; and with women perpetrating emotional, and men perpetrating sexual IPV. Less equitable gender attitudes were associated with men’s perpetration of physical IPV. More equitable gender knowledge was associated with women’s experience of sexual IPV, and with men perpetrating IPV. Perceived skills to challenge gender inequitable practices were negatively associated with men perpetrating sexual IPV. In conclusion, we found IPV experience and perpetration were highly correlated, and that, contrary to commonly reported gender gaps, men and women experienced similar rates of IPV. We make suggestions for future research, including on IPV prevention interventions in areas with such IPV prevalence that would be beneficial for women and men and future generations.
Sexual Sadism: Its Role in the Crime-Commission Process of Sexual Homicide of Children
Authors: Chopin Julien , Beauregard Eric
Published: May 2020

This study investigates the role of sexual sadism in the crime-commission process of sexual homicide (SH) involving child victims. A comparison between sadistic and nonsadistic cases involving child victims is conducted by examining the crime context, crime characteristics, methods of killing, body recovery characteristics, and forensic awareness strategies used by offenders. The sample comes from the Sexual Homicide International Database (SHIelD) including 135 cases of solved SHs involving child victims—35 cases with sexual sadism and 101 cases without sexual sadism. The Sexual Homicide Crime Scene Rating Scale for Sexual Sadism (SADSEX-SH) scale is used to identify sexual sadism from crime scene actions. Bivariate and multivariate analysis are performed to examine the differences between the two groups. Findings indicate that sadistic SH of children are characterized by an important level of structured premeditation, the commission of more diversified sexual acts, the use of specific method of killing, and the partial use of forensic awareness strategies. Practical implications in terms of criminal investigations are discussed.
Impact of Cultural Individualism and Collectivism on Protean and Boundaryless Career Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Hong Ren , Romans John S. C. , Koch Julie M. , Ramakrishnan Nikita
Published: May 2020

Over the past several decades, new career theories have been developed in an attempt to explain the changing nature of work. Careers are now commonly considered to be self-driven and contingent on factors such as personal values and mobility. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine how identification with cultural individualism and collectivism influences participants’ overall protean and boundaryless career attitudes and overall job satisfaction. The data were collected from 203 working adults in the United States. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine whether identification with certain cultural dimensions was predictive of levels of job satisfaction and adherence to particular career attitudes. Results indicated that several cultural variables within the individualism and collectivism constructs do have moderate predictive value in determining career attitudes and job satisfaction. The findings also supported previous research studies that sought to differentiate between the protean and boundaryless career attitudes.
A Capability Approach to Understand the Scarring Effects of Unemployment and Job Insecurity: Developing the Research Agenda
Authors: Egdell Valerie , Beck Vanessa
Published: May 2020

Having a poor start in the labour market has a ‘scarring’ effect on future employment and well-being. Indeed, unemployment at any point of the life-course can scar. While there is extensive quantitative research examining scarring effects at the macro- and meso-levels, evidence regarding scarring from the micro-level that provides insights into individual perceptions, values, attitudes and capabilities, and how they shape employment trajectories is lacking. A qualitative approach which avoids the imposition of values and choices onto individuals’ employment trajectories, and accounts more fully for the contextual constraints which shape available options and choices, is argued for. In emphasising people’s substantive freedom of choice, which may be enabled or constrained by contextual conditions, the Capability Approach is proposed as providing a valuable lens to examine complex and insecure labour market transitions. Such an approach stands in contrast to the supply-side focused active labour market policies characteristic of neo-liberal welfare states.
A meta-ethnography on HEIs’ transformation into more entrepreneurial institutions: Towards an action-framework proposition
Authors: Stolze Audrey
Published: May 2020

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are experiencing a challenging era due to demand–response imbalances. An assumed means of responding to the challenge is through the entrepreneurial university model, which adds a third mission to HEIs: to contribute to economic, technological and social development. Therefore, governments across the globe promote this ideal through system reforms and funding schemes, while HEIs ignite institutional changes. Publications also explore the entrepreneurial university model, although some scholars have criticized the new mission and its implied commercial orientation. However, little is still known about how HEIs are applying the model to become more entrepreneurial. Therefore, this article presents a systematic literature review comprised of a meta-ethnography on the transformation journey of 36 HEIs across 18 countries. The outcome is a four-stage iterative action-framework proposition, suggesting that exogenous and endogenous forces constantly influence HEIs which, in response, ignite experiments, requiring sensitization to be consolidated and later institutionalized, in an endless, long and rather slow process. This article contributes to theory by explaining the metalevel of HEIs’ entrepreneurial pathway process and to practice by providing policymakers and decision makers in HEIs with an analytical framework.
Experimental study of train sanding
Authors: Roberts Justin J , Green Sheldon I
Published: May 2020

Train sanders are ubiquitous in remediating low wheel–rail adhesion. Sanders operate by taking sand stored in a hopper, pneumatically conveying it through a nozzle, then spraying it into the wheel–rail interface. In this research, the wheel–rail–sander system was simulated experimentally in a laboratory. The system was optically accessible, and Particle Tracking Velocimetry was used to observe the trajectory of sand particles approaching the nip. The percentage of sand conveyed through the nozzle that makes it to the wheel–rail nip – the deposition efficiency – was measured gravimetrically. The maximum efficiency was found to be 91% for 1.15 mm mean diameter silica sand with a proprietary coating, and the minimum efficiency was 59% for uncoated aluminum oxide with a 0.91 mm mean diameter, both at a simulated train speed of 18 km/h. Irregular particles were found to be less efficient when compared to spherical particles with a similar size and composition. Increasing the size of silica sand from 0.18 mm to 1.05 mm in diameter slightly decreased the sanding efficiency from 67% to 60%. There was no statistically significant dependence of the efficiency on the particle coefficient of restitution. The single parameter most closely correlated with the deposition efficiency is the expansion of the particle-laden jet downstream of the nozzle. Larger, round particles typically had the smallest jet expansion and the highest efficiency, whereas rough particles with large diameters were found to have a large jet expansion and lowest efficiency. Finally, the effect of train speed on deposition efficiency was studied. The deposition efficiency was found to be very low at low train speeds and asymptotically approaches a fixed value at higher speeds. A simple physical model is proposed that explains the low efficiency at low speeds.
Conceptual design and analysis of an affordable truss-braced wing regional jet aircraft
Authors: Hosseini Saeed , Ali Vaziri-Zanjani Mohammad , Reza Ovesy Hamid
Published: May 2020

A regional, turbofan-powered, 72-passenger, transport aircraft with very high aspect ratio truss-braced wings is developed with an affordable methodology from an existing 52 passenger, conventional twin-turboprop aircraft. At first, the ration behind the selection of the truss-braced wing configuration is discussed. Next, the methodologies for the sizing, weight, aerodynamics, performance, and cost analysis are presented and validated against existing regional aircraft. The variant configurations and their design features are then discussed. Finally, sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the effects of the wing aspect ratio and engine bypass ratio on the aircraft weight, aerodynamics, and cost. It has been found that the penalties associated with the wing weight will prevent the acceptable realization of the high aspect ratio wing benefits, but when it is combined with the very high bypass ratio engines, a 17% reduction in the mission fuel weight is achieved. In contrast, the cost analysis has revealed that the application of higher aspect ratio wings in the truss-braced wing configuration may increase the development and maintenance costs. Consequently, with aspect ratios higher than 24, eventually, these costs may outperform the associated fuel cost reductions.
Reframing Achievement Setbacks: A Motivation Intervention to Improve 8-Year Graduation Rates for Students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Fields
Authors: Hamm Jeremy M. , Perry Raymond P. , Chipperfield Judith G. , Hladkyj Steve , Parker Patti C. , Weiner Bernard
Published: May 2020

Despite increased emphasis on educating students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, nearly half of U.S. college students who enroll in these programs fail to graduate with STEM degrees. Using archival data from the Motivation and Academic Achievement Database, we tested whether a motivation intervention to reframe causal attributions for academic setbacks improved graduation rates for college students in STEM disciplines ( N = 496). Results showed that the intervention increased the odds of 8-year graduation for students who were at risk of college dropout. Findings highlight the potential of theory-informed psychological interventions to increase persistence to graduation for at-risk students in STEM fields.
Arbiters of taste: Women, modernism and the making of Paris
Authors: Karthas Ilyana
Published: May 2020

The years 1870–1960 were a period of vibrant innovation in France when traditional ideas about art and living were challenged. At the turn of the twentieth century, Paris became the epicentre for creative risk, innovation and originality. The city both represented and became a ‘laboratory of culture’ that attracted individuals eager to ride the waves of modernism. What forces enabled Paris to become a site of such artistic vibrancy? What cultural labour was involved in propelling avant-gardism forwards? In this article, I introduce a few examples of women who played a vital role in the modernisation of the arts in Paris, the internationalisation of French artistic tastes, and the cultivation of Paris’s reputation as the centre of avant-gardism and artistic development. In doing so, I offer a new paradigm for understanding the art worlds of Paris in this period by revealing women as important and effective arbiters of taste.
À République séculaire, public pluriel : Abd al Malik rappe sa transnationalité et sa transmusicalité
Authors: Compaoré Seth A.
Published: May 2020

Cet article vise à analyser l’œuvre musicale et littéraire de l’artiste français Abd al Malik afin d’établir un portrait du public qu’elle attire. Malik semble avoir épousé le pluriel « s » de « musiques savantes » ou « musiques populaires », car une difficulté s’impose si l’on considère son œuvre musicale et sa relation avec son public. En outre, sa musique résonne des airs « rhizomiques » au sens deleuzien du terme, donc renvoie souvent à un exercice palimpseste du fait de leur texture élitiste. Ses œuvres musicales constituent des sites intertextuels et interculturels dévoilant le public à qui elles sont destinées. Du fait de son identité hybride, sa transnationalité le rend transmusical. Malik crée un public déplacé entre musiques populaires et musiques savantes. Qui est le public de Malik ? Nous tenterons de tirer un portrait qualitatif du public à travers une analyse de son œuvre artistique.
Introduction: France as a Laboratory of Culture
Authors: Kelly Michael
Published: May 2020

This article introduces the special issue of the journal on France as a Laboratory of Culture. It asks whether France continues to foster creativity and innovation in the cultural realm. Six articles examine case studies, including the role of women in the making of modern Paris, France’s role in world cinema through international co-production, French conceptions of world literature, recent fictional works by Alice Zeniter and Bessora, the rapper Abd al Malik as a complex example of hybrid music, and the state-funded project to create ÉcoQuartiers, or green neighbourhoods. These examples provide challenges to the way things are, whether in changing behaviours, tastes, perceptions or understandings, and demonstrate convincingly that France remains a vibrant laboratory of culture in the modern world.
Modulation of hippocampal dopamine and synapse-related proteins by electroacupuncture improves memory deficit caused by sleep deprivation
Authors: Chen Danmei , Zhang Yunpeng , Wang Cuiting , Wang Xiaokun , Shi Jimin , Zhang Jihong , Guan Wencai , Li Bing , Fan Wei
Published: May 2020

Background:

Sleep is crucial for proper functioning of the brain, whereas lack of sleep is very common in modern society and can cause memory impairment. Hence, it is of great significance to find effective methods to intervene in the pathogenesis of memory impairment.

Objective:

We designed this study to explore the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the deficits caused by sleep deprivation (SD).

Methods:

In this study, we first utilized the modified multiple platform method (MMPM) to establish a rat model of SD, which was followed by use of the Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) to assess the performance of rats following EA treatment.

Results:

We found that EA at GV20 and ST36 significantly decreased the number of error reactions, increased the number of active avoidance responses in the Y-maze and shortened the latency of finding the platform in the MWM test in SD + EA versus untreated SD groups. Moreover, EA treatment partially restored SD-induced reductions in hippocampal dopamine (DA) content and significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated (p) synapsin I, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) II, and tyrosine hydroxylase, which are related to the synthesis and release of DA.

Conclusions:

In summary, we it appears that EA at GV20 and ST36 may improve SD-induced memory deficits by restoring the quantity of DA in the hippocampus, which is related to activation of CaMK II, synapsin I, and tyrosine hydroxylase. EA may have potential as an alternative therapy for SD and could improve learning and memory deficits among those suffering from sleep deficiency, although this needs verification by prospective clinical studies.
Early detection of breast cancer rectifies inequality of breast cancer outcomes
Authors: Tabár László , Chen Tony Hsiu-Hsi , Yen Amy Ming-Fang , Dean Peter B , Smith Robert A , Jonsson Håkan , Törnberg Sven , Chen Sam Li-Sheng , Chiu Sherry Yueh-Hsia , Fann Jean Ching-Yuan , Ku May Mei-Sheng , Wu Wendy Yi-Ying , Hsu Chen-Yang , Chen Yu-Ching , Svane Gunilla , Azavedo Edward , Grundström Helene , Sundén Per , Leifland Karin , Frodis Ewa , Ramos Joakim , Epstein Birgitta , Åkerlund Anders , Sundbom Ann , Bordás Pál , Wallin Hans , Starck Leena , Björkgren Annika , Carlson Stina , Fredriksson Irma , Ahlgren Johan , Öhman Daniel , Holmberg Lars , Duffy Stephen W
Published: May 2020

Objectives

To explain apparent differences among mammography screening services in Sweden using individual data on participation in screening and with breast cancer–specific survival as an outcome.

Methods

We analysed breast cancer survival data from the Swedish Cancer Register on breast cancer cases from nine Swedish counties diagnosed in women eligible for screening. Data were available on 38,278 breast cancers diagnosed and 4312 breast cancer deaths. Survival to death from breast cancer was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier estimate, for all cases in each county, and separately for cases of women participating and not participating in their last invitation to screening. Formal statistical comparisons of survival were made using proportional hazards regression.

Results

All counties showed a reduction in the hazard of breast cancer death with participation in screening, but the reductions for individual counties varied substantially, ranging from 51% (95% confidence interval 46–55%) to 81% (95% confidence interval 74–85%). Survival rates in nonparticipating women ranged from 53% (95% confidence interval 40–65%) to 74% (95% confidence interval 72–77%), while the corresponding survival in women participating in screening varied from 80% (95% confidence interval 77–84%) to 86% (95% confidence interval 83–88%), a considerably narrower range.

Conclusions

Differences among counties in the effect of screening on breast cancer outcomes were mainly due to variation in survival in women not participating in screening. Screening conferred similarly high survival rates in all counties. This indicates that the performance of screening services was similar across counties and that detection and treatment of breast cancer in early-stage reduces inequalities in breast cancer outcome.
Do Local Investors Exhibit Smart Value Investment? Empirical Evidence from India
Authors: Chauhan Ajay Kumar , Chaklader Barnali
Published: May 2020

We have studied the investment behaviour of ‘foreign institutional investors’ (FIIs) and ‘domestic institutional investors’ (DIIs) in the Indian stock market for positive feedback trading and smart money value investments. We have collected the daily investment of FII and DII in Indian stock markets along with NIFTY daily returns. We have used multivariate causality approach VAR and found that FII investments follow positive feedback trading approach whereas DII follow smart money value investments in the Indian stock market.
Does Population Longevity Attract Foreign Direct Investments in Developing Countries?
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ayona
Published: May 2020

In a seminal paper, Alsan et al. (2006 , World Development, vol. 34, pp. 613–630) investigate the effect of population health on gross foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to the developing countries. The purpose of this article is to extend their work by exploring the causal effect of population longevity on attracting FDI flows to the middle-income countries over a longer and more recent period, while addressing endogeneity concerns through a novel instrumental variable (IV). The IV is constructed on the hypothesis of cross-country health convergence and generates plausibly exogenous variations in measures of longevity. Our IV estimates suggest that 1-year increase in a measure of longevity is likely to increase annual FDI inflows by at least 3 per cent in the sample of countries considered. Specifically, significant returns appear to emerge from increases in the longevity of the female population. In the current context of resurgence of FDI as a critical source of financial capital to the developing countries and the prevalence of frequent disease outbreaks, these results suggest that good health is not an end but a means to enable countries better integrate with the global markets.
Does Temperature Contribute to Environment Degradation? Pakistani Experience Based on Nonlinear Bounds Testing Approach
Authors: Meo Muhammad Saeed , Nathaniel Solomon Prince , Khan Muhammad Murtaza , Nisar Qasim Ali , Fatima Tehreem
Published: May 2020

Many developing countries are acutely vulnerable to global climate changes. In Pakistan, carbon emissions are primarily contributed by the factor of energy production from oil, gas and coal. The objective of this study is to estimate the asymmetric impact of temperature, energy use, economic growth, water scarcity on CO2 emissions in Pakistan over their period of 1960–2016. Based on nonlinear bounds testing (NARDL) approach, it is confirmed that there is an asymmetric relationship between temperature and CO2 emission, while energy use, population growth and economic growth have a positive effect in the short run. In the long run, energy consumption and economic growth were found to increase emission, while a temperature decrease by 1 per cent leads to 5 per cent decrease in carbon emissions. Population and water availability also reduces emission in Pakistan. Further, the study also confirms the long-run relationship between the variables. The finding of the study noticeably supports the policy to increase renewable energy consumption.
A Study of Impact of IFRS Convergence in India on Debt–Equity Components of Financial Statements
Authors: Jain Saumya , Gupta Chandra Prakash
Published: May 2020

The present article analyses the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence on financial statements in India. Our focus is on the most significant and challenging standard, that is, IND-AS (financial instruments). Our focus is on the most significant and challenging standard i.e IND-AS(Financial Instruments) and their impact on debt-equity classification brought about by the new standard(s). We analyse the annual reports of 30 listed entities having outstanding preference share capital for the years 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. We redefine the formulae of ratios most commonly used in loan agreements (popularly referred to as ‘debt covenants’) from lenders’ perspective and empirically examine the impact of IFRS convergence on the value of these ratios for the same financial year, that is, 2015–2016. Our results show that there is a significant difference in the value of ratios calculated using newly developed formulae and by applying the old formulae on new data. The study is the first of its kind to empirically examine the impact of IND-AS specifically standard relating to financial instruments on debt ratios in India. Our contribution to the literature is that we not only examine the impact on ratios on transition to IND-AS but also offer a solution as to how the users can mitigate this impact by making adjustments to the debt ratios taking into account the recognition, measurement and presentation changes brought about by IND-AS, so that they can apply our newly developed formulae directly on IND-AS statements and derive the same meaning and interpretation from the ratios as before retaining their practical usage. Thus, our study is of immediate practical relevance to lenders, credit managers and investors aiding their decision making.
An Ethereum bill of lading under the UNCITRAL MLETR
Authors: Abdellatif Niels-Philip
Published: May 2020

The paper bill of lading remains pervasive despite numerous problems associated with its form. Blockchain heralds change as it allows unique tokens to be possessed and traded peer-to-peer instantaneously over the internet without the need for a trusted central administrator. Blockchain furthermore promises to ease processes thanks to its applicability in smart contracting procedures.

The Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR), passed by UNCITRAL in 2017, provides the relevant legal framework for legal protection of the blockchain bill of lading. This paper proposes Ethereum as a viable smart contract-enabled blockchain platform for a bill of lading system and examines said system’s compatibility with the MLETR. The analysis also shows that blockchain technology may have significant consequences for the ‘control’ approach for establishing possession of an electronic transferable record.
Racial Disparities in Utilization of Palliative Care Among Patients Admitted With Advanced Solid Organ Malignancies
Authors: Lee Kimberley , Gani Faiz , Canner Joseph K. , Johnston Fabian M.
Published: May 2020

Background:

There is increasing recognition of the importance of early incorporation of palliative care services in the care of patients with advanced cancers. Hospice-based palliative care remains underutilized for black patients with cancer, and there is limited literature on racial disparities in use of non-hospice-based palliative care services for patients with cancer.

Objective:

The primary objective of this study is to describe racial differences in the use of inpatient palliative care consultations (IPCC) for patients with advanced cancer who are admitted to a hospital in the United States.

Design:

This retrospective cohort study analyzed 204 175 hospital admissions of patients with advanced cancers between 2012 and 2014. The cohort was identified through the National Inpatient Dataset. International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision codes were used to identify receipt of a palliative care consultation.

Results:

Of this, 57.7% of those who died received IPCC compared to 10.5% who were discharged alive. In multivariable logistic regression models, black patients discharged from the hospital, were significantly less likely to receive a palliative care consult compared to white patients (odds ratio [OR] black: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.62-0.76).

Conclusions:

Death during hospitalization was a significant modifier of the relationship between race and receipt of palliative care consultation. There are significant racial disparities in the utilization of IPCC for patients with advanced cancer.
Developing a Passion for Learning: An Interview With Dr. David Rose
Authors: Higgins Kyle , Boone Randall
Published: May 2020

Dr. David Rose is perhaps best known for his connection to the Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST) and as a main and driving force behind the collection of instructional, assistive, and access principles known as Universal Design for Learning (UDL). His research background includes principal investigator on National Science Foundation and U.S. Department of Education projects, and he has authored dozens of journal articles, book chapters, and books, which comprise much of the foundation for UDL.