bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation study of neutron radiation damage to cadmium zinc telluride
Authors: Wei Wen-Jing , Gao Xu-Dong , Lü Liang-Liang , Xu Nan-Nan , Li Gong-Ping ,   School of Nuclear Science and Techology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Published: August 2022

In recent years, the development of new semiconductor materials has made an opportunity and challenge for technological innovation and the development of emerging industries. Among them, cadmium zinc telluride materials have highlighted important application prospects due to their excellent properties. The CdZnTe, as the third-generation cutting-edge strategic semiconductor material, has the advantages of high detection efficiency, low dark current, strong portability, and applicability at room temperature without additional cooling system. However, when the cadmium zinc telluride detector is exposed to radiation environment for a long time, it will cause different degrees of radiation damage, which will affect the performance of the device or even fail to work, and greatly shorten the service time of the detector in the radiation field. The transport process of 1.00–14.00 MeV neutrons in CdZnTe material is simulated to obtain the information about the primary knock-on atoms, and then by combining with the cascade collision model, the irradiation of neutrons with different energy in CdZnTe material is analyzed. The damage is simulated and calculated. The calculation results are shown below. The energy of most of the primary knock-on atoms is located at the low-energy end, and with the increase of the incident neutron energy, the types of primary knock-on atoms are more abundant, and the energy also increases gradually. With neutron irradiation of CdZnTe, the non-ionizing energy loss is uniformly distributed along the depth direction in the material, and the non-ionizing energy loss first increases and then decreases with the increase of the incident neutron energy. The calculation results of displacements per atom(dpa) show that the dpa also increases first with the increase of the incident neutron energy. And further analysis shows that the number of Te displacement atom atoms and the number of the Zn displacement atoms both increase first and decrease then with the increase of incident neutron energy, while the number of Cd displacement atoms increases with the increase of incident neutron energy, which is co-modulated by its inelastic scattering cross-section and other nuclear-like reaction cross-sections. The comprehensive analysis shows that with the increase of the incident neutron energy, inelastic scattering becomes the main factor causing the internal displacement damage of the material.
Dynamically tunable frequency-domain multifunctional reconfigurable polarization conversion metasurface
Authors: Huang Xiao-Jun , Gao Huan-Huan , He Jia-Hao , Luan Su-Zhen , Yang He-Lin ,   College of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710051, China,   College of Physical Science and Technology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
Published: August 2022

The design of electromagnetic device with arbitrary polarization manipulation is the hot spot of the current research. Multifunctional reconfigurable electromagnetic devices have been put into wide applications in radar, satellite communication and other fields. In this work designed is a multifunctional reconfigurable polarization conversion metasurface based on two PIN diodes, which can realize linear polarization conversion, linear-circular polarization conversion and total reflection switching in the different frequency bands, and the multi-function converter can still maintain the high-efficient broadband conversion characteristics when the oblique incidence angle is less than 30 degrees. The polarization conversion and reconfigurability are mainly due to the anisotropy of the structure and the changes of coupling mode in different states of PIN diodes. In addition, the physical mechanism of polarization conversion is explained by surface current. The combined action of electric resonance and magnetic resonance results in polarization conversion. Finally, the experimental results of the sample are in good agreement with the simulation results. The device has the potential application values in polarization manipulation, frequency control, intelligent reflecting surface design, and antenna design and so on.
Some congruences on the hyper-sums of powers of integers involving Fermat quotient and Bernoulli numbers
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Boumerdes, Bounebirat Fouad , Rahmani Mourad ,   Faculty of Mathematics, USTHB
Published: August 2022

For a given prime p ≥ 5, let ℤ_p denote the set of rational p-integers (those rational numbers whose denominator is not divisible by p). In this paper, we establish some congruences modulo a prime power p5 on the hyper-sums of powers of integers in terms of Fermat quotient, Wolstenholme quotient, Bernoulli and Euler numbers.
Th2 single-cell heterogeneity and clonal distribution at distant sites in helminth-infected mice
Authors: Radtke Daniel , Thuma Natalie , Schülein Christine , Kirchner Philipp , Ekici Arif B , Schober Kilian , Voehringer David
Published: August 2022

Th2 cells provide effector functions in type 2 immune responses to helminths and allergens. Despite knowledge about molecular mechanisms of Th2 cell differentiation, there is little information on Th2 cell heterogeneity and clonal distribution between organs. To address this, we performed combined single-cell transcriptome and T-cell receptor (TCR) clonotype analysis on murine Th2 cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and lung after infection withNippostrongylus brasiliensis(Nb) as a human hookworm infection model. We find organ-specific expression profiles, but also populations with conserved migration or effector/resident memory signatures that unexpectedly cluster with potentially regulatoryIl10posFoxp3negcells. A substantial MLN subpopulation with an interferon response signature suggests a role for interferon signaling in Th2 differentiation or diversification. Further RNA-inferred developmental directions indicate proliferation as a hub for differentiation decisions. Although the TCR repertoire is highly heterogeneous, we identified expanded clones and CDR3 motifs. Clonal relatedness between distant organs confirmed effective exchange of Th2 effector cells, although locally expanded clones dominated the response. We further cloned an Nb-specific TCR from an expanded clone in the lung effector cluster and describe surface markers that distinguish transcriptionally defined clusters. These results provide insights in Th2 cell subset diversity and clonal relatedness in distant organs.
Teaming up to make kombucha
Authors: Ponomarova Olga
Published: August 2022

Reducing the microbial diversity in a type of fermented tea reveals the core metabolic interactions responsible for the drink’s signature taste and characteristics.
Laughter, bonding and biological evolution
Authors: Goddard Cliff , Lambert David
Published: August 2022

This paper combines perspectives from evolutionary biology and linguistics to discuss the early evolution of laughter and the possible role of laughter-like vocalisation as a bonding mechanism in hominins and early human species. From the perspective of evolutionary biology, we here emphasise several things: the role of exaptation, the typically very slow pace of evolutionary change, and the danger of projecting backwards from the current utilities of laughter to infer its earlier function, hundreds of thousands, or even millions, of years ago. From the perspective of linguistics, we examine both the semantics of the word ‘laugh’ and the vocal mechanics of human laughter production, arguing that greater terminological care is needed in talking about the precursors of laughter in the ancient evolutionary past. Finally, we turn to hypotheses about how laughter-like vocalisations may have arisen, long before articulate language as we know it today. We focus in particular on Robin Dunbar’s hypothesis that laughter-like vocalisation, which stimulated endorphin production, might have functioned as a bonding mechanism (a kind of “vocal grooming”) among hominins and early human species.
The paper contributes to the special issue theme (Humour and Belonging) by casting a long look backwards in time to laughter-like vocalisation as a distant evolutionary precursor of humour, and to bonding as an evolutionary precursor to cognitively and socially modern forms of “belonging”. At the same time, it cautions against casual theorising about the evolutionary origins of laughter.
A novel autoencoder approach to feature extraction with linear separability for high-dimensional data
Authors: Zheng Jian , Qu Hongchun , Li Zhaoni , Li Lin , Tang Xiaoming , Guo Fei
Published: August 2022

Feature extraction often needs to rely on sufficient information of the input data, however, the distribution of the data upon a high-dimensional space is too sparse to provide sufficient information for feature extraction. Furthermore, high dimensionality of the data also creates trouble for the searching of those features scattered in subspaces. As such, it is a tricky task for feature extraction from the data upon a high-dimensional space. To address this issue, this article proposes a novel autoencoder method using Mahalanobis distance metric of rescaling transformation. The key idea of the method is that by implementing Mahalanobis distance metric of rescaling transformation, the difference between the reconstructed distribution and the original distribution can be reduced, so as to improve the ability of feature extraction to the autoencoder. Results show that the proposed approach wins the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both the accuracy of feature extraction and the linear separabilities of the extracted features. We indicate that distance metric-based methods are more suitable for extracting those features with linear separabilities from high-dimensional data than feature selection-based methods. In a high-dimensional space, evaluating feature similarity is relatively easier than evaluating feature importance, so that distance metric methods by evaluating feature similarity gain advantages over feature selection methods by assessing feature importance for feature extraction, while evaluating feature importance is more computationally efficient than evaluating feature similarity.
Prevalence, type of infections and comparative analysis of detection techniques of intestinal parasites in the province of Belgarn, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqarni Abdulrahman S. , Wakid Majed H. , Gattan Hattan S.
Published: August 2022

Background

The study was conducted to observe the prevalence and type of infection caused by intestinal parasites and to compare the techniques that are available for the detection.

Method

A total of 112 stool samples were obtained from study participants, and the laboratory examinations were performed at Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. One hundred and twelve participants were included in this study.

Result

The color of positive specimens was mainly brown (86.4%). Stool consistency in infected cases was soft in (64%) samples. There was no statistically significant difference with the physical characteristics of the stool (P > 0.05). In total, 59 of the 112 participants were infected with intestinal parasites, representing 52.7%. Different intestinal protozoa parasites were identified in which Blastocystis hominis (86.4%) was highest. None of the intestinal helminths were detected. Out of the 59 infected cases, single infections were found in (62.7%) samples. The intestinal protozoan parasites in single infections were B. hominis (78.4%), Giardia lamblia (8.1%), and (2.7%) from each Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, and Chilomastix mesnili. Microscopy, RDTs, and real-time PCR were used for detection and identification of G. lamblia, E. histolytica, and C. parvum.

Conclusion

The study reported a high rate of intestinal parasitic infections, mainly with B. hominis. There were no statistical differences in parasite detection between the three techniques in detection of the thirteen cases infected with the pathogenic protozoa.
Amicus Curiae
Authors: Navarro Floria Juan
Published: August 2022

El presente escrito se presenta en relación con el caso “Sandra Cecilia Pavez Pavez c. Chile” (caso no 12.997) sometido a decisión de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (en adelante, “la Corte”) como consecuencia del Informe no 148/18 del 7 de diciembre de 2018 de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (en adelante, “la Comisión”). Su propósito es señalar la insuficiencia del Informe de la Comisión, por haber omitido las indispensables consideraciones y referencias al derecho a la libertad religiosa y de conciencia de todas las personas verdaderamente implicadas en el caso. Como consecuencia, tanto las imputaciones al Estado de Chile como las recomendaciones de la Comisión carecen de fundamentación adecuada, por falta de una suficiente ponderación de los derechos en juego, que no son únicamente los de la alegada víctima. Se presenta como informe independiente, declarando el autor no haber recibido financiamiento de ninguna de las Partes. La Comisión ha errado en su enfoque al omitir por completo el análisis de la situación de la Sra. Pavez a la luz del artículo 12 de la Convención Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (en adelante, “la Convención” o “el Pacto”) aplicado en relación con otros artículos de la misma Convención y las normas concordantes del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, y en consideración de la jurisprudencia internacional existente en la materia. Me propongo poner de manifiesto la relevancia de la libertad religiosa y de conciencia en la Convención y en el sistema interamericano de derechos humanos, así como en el derecho interno de todos los países signatarios de la Convención. A continuación, explicaré someramente el contenido de ese derecho fundamental destacando como presenta una doble dimensión: individual y colectiva. Propondré a la Corte una especial consideración de esta dimensión colectiva que se encuentra especialmente concernida en el caso en estudio, y su vinculación con la educación de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. A la luz de esos principios, examinaré su incidencia en el sistema de designación de docentes de religión cuando la enseñanza religiosa es impartida en las escuelas públicas en la forma en que ocurre en Chile (y en otros países de la región y de fuera de ella), explicando por qué la decisión objetada por la Comisión como discriminatoria o contraria a los derechos individuales de la Sra. Pavez fue en realidad adecuada a las exigencias de la Convención y demás normas internacionales aplicables.
The Compassion Focused Caregiver Protocol: A Pilot Investigation
Authors: Cwinn Eli , Guillen Katarina
Published: August 2022

The current paper reports on a pilot investigation of a novel Compassion Focused Therapy protocol for parents and caregivers of young people with mental health difficulties. Results suggest improvements in parental burnout, self-criticism, and self-reassurance as well as improvements in child mental health.
An Analysis of Shrimp Culture Business in Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Charishma Eduru , Sivakumar S. D. , Chadrakumar M. , Selvi R. Gangai
Published: August 2022

The study was taken to analyse the Shrimp Culture Business in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. The performance of the shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture business in terms of production, marketing, finance and also constraints faced by shrimp culture farmers was analysed. Aquaculture farmers were classified into small (1-2 ha), semi-medium (2-4 ha), medium (4-10 ha) and large farmers (>10 ha). The results revealed that the average gross income earned was Rs.31.91 lakh/ha/crop, Rs. 31.73 lakh/ha/crop, Rs. 31.79 lakh/ha/crop and Rs.32.57 lakh/ha/crop by small, semi-medium, medium and large farmers respectively. The net income per hectare per crop for large farmers (Rs.13.07 lakh) was highest followed by medium (Rs. 11.8 lakh), semi medium (Rs. 11.1 lakh) and small (Rs.10.42 lakh) shrimp culture farmers. Break-even prices revealed that small, semi-medium, medium and large farmers can choose to price one kg of shrimp above Rs. 256, Rs. 247, Rs. 239, and Rs. 228 respectively. The profitability ratio showed that Gross profit margin and net profit margin for large farmers were high when compared to small, semi-medium, medium and large farmers. Non-availability of good quality seeds and the high cost of feed were the major problems faced by the farmers in production. Fluctuations in shrimp price and insufficient market information were major marketing constraints faced by the farmers in marketing of shrimp.
The Status Quo and Reflection on Situation-Creating Method in Junior High School Science Teaching Based on STSE Education
Authors: Zhou Hancai , Xu Wenjie , Zhang Yaobo , Wang Zijun , Li Jiahui , Zhang Yiping
Published: August 2022

In recent years, STSE (science, technology, society, and environment) education ideas have gradually developed and matured in science textbooks, meanwhile situation-creating is a teaching method that can effectively increase students' motivation. When conducting STSE education activities, teachers can infuse STSE education concepts by creating effective teaching situations. With the idea of combining these two to solve practical teaching problems, we analyzed the STSE contents in science textbooks, while investigating the present condition of situation creation in STSE education in a junior high school and summarizing the difficulties encountered in the implementation of STSE teaching, hoping to provide certain help for future STSE situational teaching.
¿PUERTAS ABIERTAS? migrações regionais, direito e integração na Comunidade Andina de Nações e no Mercosul
Authors: Sacchetta Ramos Mendes José
Published: August 2022

O Mercosul e a Comunidade Andina de Nações estabeleceram, nas últimas décadas, legislações comunitárias sobre as migrações regionais e os migrantes. Os dois blocos foram instituídos a partir de metas de integração comercial e, posteriormente, agregaram temas sociais a seus objetivos. Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento normativo realizado nos processos sul-americanos de integração, em sua busca por solu- ções para a problemática dos deslocamentos humanos provindos de países vizinhos. Apesar dos avanços, subsistem obstáculos políticos e legais à regularização da condição dos migrantes e ao seu acesso a direitos sociais. Entre as razões apontadas, está o desalinhamento de normas internas dos países em relação aos acordos multilaterais e a pequena participação das sociedades sul-americanas na tomada de decisões. No artigo, comenta-se a adoção de princípios gerais fundamentados no respeito aos Direitos Humanos e a via de inclusão da migração e dos migrantes no projeto de uma cidadania regional.Palavras-chave: Migração regional. América do Sul. Comunidade Andina de Nações. Mercosul. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Men’s health: nursing work process in primary health care / Saúde dos homens: processo de trabalho do enfermeiro na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Silva Júnior José Antonio da , Brandão Gisetti Corina Gomes , Araújo Kleane Maria da Fonseca Azevedo , Silva Camila Mendes da , Silva Josefa Raquel Luciano da , Brito Tayná da Silva
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: conhecer sobre o processo de trabalho do enfermeiro acerca da saúde dos homens na atenção primária à saúde. Método: estudo qualitativo realizado por meio de entrevista aplicada a dez enfermeiras em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de um município do nordeste brasileiro, no mês de outubro de 2018. Para análise de dados utilizou-se Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, que resultou em duas categorias de análise: “Desvelando o processo de trabalho das enfermeiras acerca da saúde do homem” e “Conhecimento e perspectiva dos enfermeiras acerca da saúde do homem”. Resultados: evidenciou-se que não acontece na atualidade aplicação do processo de trabalho em enfermagem voltado para saúde do homem. No entanto, existe interesse dos profissionais para implementar estratégias de saúde direcionadas para esse público. Conclusão: necessita-se de maior atenção dos gestores aos serviços, para capacitação dos profissionais e infraestrutura adequada da assistência ao homem.
Epidemiological aspects of accidents by poisony animals in Northeast Brazil / Aspectos epidemiológicos dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos no nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Moreira William Caracas , Rodrigues Maria Rosani , De Oliveira Sena Inara Viviane , Tomaz Caracas Myllena Maria , Moraes Rola Júnior Cristiano Walter , Cerqueira Sousa Isabelle
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: analisar os aspectos epidemiológicos dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos no Nordeste do Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, construído a partir de dados secundários disponíveis no portal do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil referente aos casos de acidentes com animais peçonhentos no período de 2015 a 2019. Resultados: percebeu-se que entre 2015 e 2019 houve um crescimento percentual médio de 74,25% nos casos, sendo registrado cerca de 4 mil acidentes com animais peçonhentos por mês. Quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos, predominou o sexo feminino (51,35%), pardos (62,51%), com faixa etária de 20-59 anos (57,5%). Além disso, nos aspectos clínicos dos acidentes, nota-se a maior ocorrência de acidentes com escorpiões (72,70%). Conclusão: vê-se a importância em analisar aspectos epidemiológicos a fim de subsidiar ações de promoção, proteção e gestão em saúde.
Clinical profile of patients with sepsis admitted to an intensive care unit: a cross-cutting study / Perfil clínico de pacientes com sepse internados em unidade de terapia intensiva: um estudo transversal
Authors: Brasil Maria Hellena Ferreira , Da Silva Deysianne Ferreira , Lima Gomes Gabriela Lisieux , Lopes de Oliveira Fabiana Maria Rodrigues , Fernandes Barbosa Keylla Thalita , De Lima Guimarães Keyth Sulamitta
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: identificar o perfil clínico de pacientes com sepse internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: pesquisa documental. A amostra contou com 50 prontuários de pacientes com quadro de sepse. A análise foi realizada através de estatística descritiva e teste de Qui-Quadrado de Pearson. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob número de protocolo 3.779.654. Resultados: idade média foi de 66,4 anos, prevaleceram os indivíduos do sexo masculino, que eram procedentes da emergência, com acesso venoso central e sondagem vesical de demora, sepse pulmonar, presença de distúrbios cardiovasculares e óbito como desfecho. Observou-se associação significativa entre distúrbios gastrointestinais e envelhecimento com sepse abdominal. Conclusão: é necessário o fortalecimento de políticas públicas de saúde voltadas para a qualificação dos profissionais com intuito de prevenir e reconhecer precocemente a sepse.
The potential of primary health care in the consolidation of the of the anti-hiv rapid test: discourse analysis / Potencialidades da atenção primária à saúde na consolidação do teste rápido anti-HIV: análise do discurso
Authors: Guedes Haline Costa dos Santos , Silva Júnior José Nildo de Barros , Januário Dilyane Cabral , Holanda Alexsandra de Luna Freire , Silva Viviane Michele , Barrêto Anne Jaquelyne Roque
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Analisar o discurso dos gerentes de saúde a respeito das potencialidades para realização do Teste Rápido anti-HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: Estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa respaldada no aporte teórico-metodológico da Análise do Discurso, de matriz francesa. Realizada em um Distrito Sanitário na região leste da capital paraibana, com treze gerentes de saúde dos serviços de Atenção Primária, através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, em setembro de 2017. Resultados: Os discursos apontam dispositivos potencializadores da APS no âmbito da acessibilidade para a realização TR anti-HIV:proximidade do serviço de saúde, arranjos organizacionais, diagnóstico precoce do HIV, agilidade no resultado do teste rápido anti-HIV e tratamento imediato. Considerações finais: verificou-se potencialidades na consolidação do teste rápido anti-HIV, evidenciando a Atenção Primária à Saúde como um espaço facilitador na ampliação da integralidade e o acesso aos serviços de saúde.
Espiritualidade/religiosidade dos pacientes internados em uma unidade cardiológica: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Leal Wander Silvio , Lopes Tânia Oliveira
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: identificar mediante a revisão de literatura, o melhor caminho para tornar real a relação enfermeiro/paciente, fazendo do cuidado espiritual, incluindo o apoio religioso, acordado com os desejos da clientela assistida, com isso promovendo a saúde e a preservação da dignidade humana. Método: trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura. Resultados: os resultados permitiram construir a discussão sobre espiritualidade e religiosidade nos cuidados de enfermagem, como aspectos a serem considerados no ato de cuidar e assistir pacientes em unidades coronarianas. Conclusão: conclui-se que há uma quantidade considerável de teoria de enfermagem que apontam a importância da espiritualidade e religiosidade nas ações de enfermagem, mas que no entanto, parecem ser pouco aplicadas na prática.
Nematic Colloidal Micro‐Robots as Physically Intelligent Systems
Authors: Yao Tianyi , Kos Žiga , Zhang Qi Xing , Luo Yimin , Serra Francesca , Steager Edward B. , Ravnik Miha , Stebe Kathleen J.
Published: August 2022

Physically intelligent micro‐robotic systems exploit information embedded in micro‐robots, their colloidal cargo, and their milieu to interact, assemble, and form functional structures. Nonlinear anisotropic fluids such as nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) provide untapped opportunities to embed interactions via their topological defects, complex elastic responses, and ability to dramatically restructure in dynamic settings. Here a four‐armed ferromagnetic micro‐robot is designed and fabricated to embed and dynamically reconfigure information in the nematic director field, generating a suite of physical interactions for cargo manipulation. The micro‐robot shape and surface chemistry are designed to generate a nemato‐elastic energy landscape in the domain that defines multiple modes of emergent, bottom‐up interactions with passive colloids. Micro‐robot rotation expands the ability to sculpt interactions; the energy landscape around a rotating micro‐robot is dynamically reconfigured by complex far‐from‐equilibrium dynamics of the micro‐robot's companion topological defect. These defect dynamics allow transient information to be programmed into the domain and exploited. Robust micro‐robotic manipulation strategies are demonstrated that exploit these diverse modes of nemato‐elastic interaction to achieve cargo docking, transport, release, and assembly of complex reconfigurable structures at multi‐stable sites. Such structures are of great interest to future developments of LC‐based advanced optical device and micro‐manufacturing in anisotropic environments.
Efficient and Bright Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Tang Shi , Lundberg Petter , Tsuchiya Youichi , Ràfols‐Ribé Joan , Liu Yongfeng , Wang Jia , Adachi Chihaya , Edman Ludvig
Published: August 2022

Light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) comprising metal‐free molecules that emit by the process of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) can be both sustainable and low cost. However, the blue emission performance of current TADF‐LECs is unfortunately poor, which effectively prohibits their utilization in important applications, such as illumination and full‐color displays. Here, this drawback is addressed through the development of a TADF‐LEC, which delivers blue light emission (peak wavelength = 475 nm) with a high external quantum efficiency of 5.0%, corresponding to a current efficacy of 9.6 cd A‐1. It is notable that this high efficiency is attained at bright luminance of 740 cd m‐2, and that the device turn‐on is very fast. It is demonstrated that this accomplishment is enabled by the blending of a carbazole‐based 9‐(4‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐2‐methylphenyl)‐3,6‐dimethyl‐9H‐carbazole guest emitter with a compatible carbazole‐based tris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine:2,6‐bis(3‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)pyridine blend‐host for the attainment of bipolar electrochemical doping, balanced electron/hole transport, and exciplex‐effectuated host‐to‐guest energy transfer.
Record‐High Responsivity and High Detectivity Broadband Photodetectors Based on Upconversion/Gold/Prussian‐Blue Nanocomposite
Authors: Gupta Akash , Patel Dinesh Kumar , Lee Song Yeul , Rigosi Albert F. , Elmquist Randolph E. , Adusumalli Venkata N. K. B. , Liang Chi‐Te , Park Yong Il
Published: August 2022

The development of high‐quality and strongly Au conjugated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is time‐consuming and requires specific chemicals. Therefore, a one‐pot hydrothermal method is adopted for novel in situ preparation of UCNP@Au composites using a binary functional ethylenediaminetetraacetic salt, which is employed as a surfactant and reducing agent. The composites are electrostatically conjugated with metal‐coordinated Prussian blue (PB) to yield UCNP@Au+PB nanocomposites (NCs), which demonstrate 21‐fold upconversion emission quenching by fluorescence resonance energy transfer compared to UCNPs. Additionally, the PB, UCNP@Au, and NCs demonstrate a synergistically reduced trap (α ≈ 0.85) and enhance ultrasensitive broadband (432–980 nm) photodetection. The NCs‐based gate‐free epitaxial graphene device demonstrates excellent high photoresponsivity (5.9 × 105 A W–1), detectivity (2.17 × 1014 ), and normalized gain (2.06 × 10−4 m2 V–1) at 318 nW cm–2 (532 nm) and a bias voltage of 1 V. The Au plasmons enhance the one‐photon‐enabled visible absorption of Er3+ ions, and PB exhibits broad absorption and enhances the carrier density of the device, resulting in an ultrahigh photoresponse. The obtained device performance is the highest to date among their class of nanohybrids. Also, these NCs can readily detect polychromatic light and signals from daily‐use appliances, indicating their potential for applications in consumer electronics.
Modified Biodegradation Behavior Induced Beneficial Microenvironments for Bone Regeneration by Low Addition of Gadolinium in Zinc
Authors: Yang Hongtao , Jia Bo , Qu Xinhua , Dai Kerong , Zheng Yufeng
Published: August 2022

Zinc (Zn) shows a great potential as a biodegradable material for bone implants after a decade of systematic research and development. However, uncontrollable biodegradation behavior and biphasic dose‐response prevent Zn from fulfilling its essential role in facilitating bone regeneration. In this study, the low addition of gadolinium (Gd) modifies the intrinsic microstructure of Zn in terms of grain size distribution, grain boundary misorientation, and texture. Adding Gd refines grain size distribution and creates a stronger basal plane texture in Zn, consequently, changing the current density distribution and reducing the anode dissolution rate during corrosion. As a result, uniform degradation is more predominant in Zn‐0.4Gd alloy implant, in comparison to localized degradation in pure Zn implant in bone environments. The modified biodegradation behavior of the Zn‐0.4Gd alloy implant induces significantly better new bone formation and osseointegration compared to the pure Zn implant. Therefore, Gd with trace amounts is able to tune the degradation behavior and improve the performance of Zn‐based implants in promoting bone regeneration.
Local Ionic Displacements and Polarization at the Paraelectric‐Ferroelectric Heterointerface: Effect of Octahedral Distortion
Authors: Luo Jin , Qian Hao , Zheng Tianyang , Li Jing‐Feng , Liu Yunfei , Lyu Yinong
Published: August 2022

At the ferroelectric ABO3 perovskite heterointerface, the broken translational symmetry significantly alters the octahedral network and cation sublattices. Experimentally revealing the interaction between the polarization and atomic structure parameters is beneficial not only for understanding the novel physical phenomena but also for realizing exotic physical functionalities at the materials surface science. Here, it is demonstrated that the induced polarization can be realized by the cooperative interaction between the octahedral distortion and the cation sublattices at the paraelectric‐ferroelectric heterointerface in the (K,Na)NbO3 epitaxial thin film. It is found that the cation–cation displacement scales with the tetragonality of the perovskite unit cell but not with the polarization, which is minimal in the substrate but increases substantially in the thin film. Nevertheless, the oxygen octahedral distortion in the substrate, accompanied by octahedral rotation, is stronger than that in the film, resulting in a translated and stable polarization across the interface. These results demonstrate the octahedral network plays a significant role in the ferroelectric polarization and can also greatly advance the understanding of the heterointerface science for ferroelectrics.
Regioselectivity Switch Based on the Stoichiometry: Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Vinyl Epoxides by Cu‐Catalyzed 3‐exo‐trig Cyclization of α‐Allenols
Authors: Esteban Pablo , Herrera Fernando , San Martín Daniel , Luna Amparo , Almendros Pedro
Published: August 2022

Typical transition metal‐catalyzed oxycyclization of allenols takes place at the terminal allene carbon via a 5‐endo path and forms dihydrofurans. A copper‐catalyzed protocol brought about a reversed regioselectivity, generating a series of trisubstituted epoxides through a 3‐exo‐cyclization/sulfonylation cascade. The current stoichiometry control of regioselectivity may open singular opportunities in chemical transformations.

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Pediatric emergency department organization and social care practices among U.S. fellowship programs
Authors: Assaf Raymen Rammy , Assaf Ryan David , Barber Doucet Hannah , Graff Danielle
Published: August 2022

Background

Social care has become increasingly relevant to the emergency physician and includes activities that address health‐related social risk and social needs. The literature has consistently documented substantial health care provider challenges in incorporating social care into routine practice. Yet, interventions on the health care organizational level hold promise to bring about more widespread, sustainable impact.

Methods

This study was a subanalysis of the 2021 National Social Care Practices Survey data set among pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) program directors (PDs) and fellows. The purpose was to investigate the association between health care organizational factors and PEM physician social care practices and perceptions among PEM PDs and fellows. We performed binary and ordinal logistic regressions of organizational factors and five specific PEM physician social care perspective and practice outcomes.

Results

The sample population included 153 physicians—44 PDs (49% response rate) and 109 fellows (28%). PDs and fellows with access to a social care systematic workflow in their pediatric emergency department (PED) had higher odds of comfort assessing social risk (odds ratio [OR] 2.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–4.0), valuation of social care (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–7.9), preparedness to assist families (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.2), screening tendency (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.5), and ability to refer to community resources (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–4.6). A similarly directed, but less pronounced pattern was noted with access to a community resource database for referrals and 24‐h access to a social worker in the PED.

Conclusions

PED organizational factors—particularly access to a social care systematic workflow—appear positively associated with PEM physician practices and perceptions of social care delivery. Further research is under way to advance understanding of PEM training factors in social care.
DeepThy‐Net: A Multimodal Deep Learning Method for Predicting Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Yao Jincao , Lei Zhikai , Yue Wenwen , Feng Bojian , Li Wei , Ou Di , Feng Na , Lu Yidan , Xu Jing , Chen Wencong , Yang Chen , Wang Lijing , Wang Liping , Liu Junping , Wei Peiying , Xu Huixiong , Xu Dong
Published: August 2022

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for more than 80% of thyroid cancers, and ultrasound (US) imaging is the preferred method for the diagnosis of PTC. However, accurate prediction of different patterns of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in PTC continues to be a challenge. Herein, US images and clinical factors of PTC patients from three hospitals for more than 11 years are collected, and a multimodal deep learning model called DeepThy‐Net is then developed to predict different CLNM patterns. The proposed model not only uses the convolutional features extracted by deep learning but also integrates traditional clinical factors that are highly related to lymph node metastasis. Finally, the model is tested in two independent test sets, and the experimental results show that the area under curve (AUC) is between 0.870 and 0.905, indicating clinical applicability. The proposed method provides an important reference for the treatment and management of PTC. Moreover, for PTC cases involving an active surveillance strategy, the proposed method can serve as an important CLNM early warning tool.
Broadening the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of MAF in three Chinese Han congenital cataracts families
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Qin Tingfeng , Tan Haowen , Ding Xiaoyan , Lin Xiaoshan , Li Jing , Lin Zhuolin , Sun Limei , Lin Haotian , Chen Weirong
Published: August 2022

Pathogenic variants in the v‐maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue (MAF) encoding a transcription factor (from a unique subclass of basic leucine zipper transcription factors) are associated with isolated congenital cataracts (CCs) and Aymé–Gripp syndrome (AYGRPS). We collected detailed disease histories from, and performed comprehensive ophthalmic and systemic examinations in 269 patients with CCs; we then performed whole‐exome sequencing. Pathogenicity assessments were evaluated using multiple predictive tools. The clinical validities of the reported gene–disease relationships for MAF genes (MAF‐CCs and MAF‐AYGRPS) were assessed using the ClinGen gene curation framework. We identified two novel (c.173C>A, p.Thr58Asn and c.947T>C, p. Leu316Pro) variants and one known (c.173C>T, p.Thr58Ile) MAF missense variant in three patients. We described novel phenotypes including cleft palate, macular hypoplasia, and retinal neovascularization in the peripheral avascular area and analyzed the genotype–phenotype correlations. We demonstrated associations of variants in the MAF C‐terminal DNA‐binding domain with CCs and associations of variants in the N‐terminal transactivation domain of MAF with AYGRPS. We thus expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of the MAF gene. The ClinGen gene curation framework results suggested that variants in different domains of MAF are associated with different diseases.
Flexible polymeric biomaterials from epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized oleic acid, and citric acid as both a hardener and acid catalyst
Authors: Hood Christine , Ghazani Saeed Mirzaee , Marangoni Alejandro G. , Pensini Erica
Published: August 2022

Flexible bio‐based polymeric materials were produced by combining epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), aqueous citric acid solutions, and varying amounts of epoxidized oleic acid (EOA), followed by heating at 95°C for 24 h. Starting materials were analyzed by way of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H1 NMR), to confirm the conversion of double bonds in soybean oil or oleic acid to epoxides. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) was used to confirm the reaction of epoxide groups with citric acid and/or EOA. Tensile testing was done to determine the differences in Young's modulus between samples with varying amounts of EOA. Stiffness increased with decreasing EOA content. The stiffest sample (0% EOA) and most elastic sample (30% EOA) had a Young's modulus of 1.43 ± 0.19 MPa and 0.064 ± 0.004 MPa, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the glass transition temperature was below room temperature for all samples, and decreased with increasing EOA content.
First eROSITA‐TESS results for M dwarfs: Mass dependence of the X‐ray activity rotation relation and an assessment of sensitivity limits
Authors: Magaudda E. , Stelzer B. , Raetz St.
Published: August 2022

We present a study of the activity‐rotation relation for M dwarf stars, using new X‐ray data from the ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) on board the Russian Spektrum‐Roentgen‐Gamma mission (SRG), combined with photometric rotation periods from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The stars used in this work are selected from the superblink proper motion catalog of nearby M dwarfs. We study the 135 stars with both a detection in the first eROSITA survey (eRASS1) and a rotation period measurement from TESS jointly with the sample of 197 superblink M dwarfs re‐adapted from our previous work. We fit the activity‐rotation relation for stars with rotation periods shorter than d (saturated regime) using three mass bins. The surprising positive slope for stars in our lowest mass bin () is due to a paucity of stars with intermediate rotation periods ( d), probably caused by fast period evolution. The much higher fraction of eRASS1 detections compared to stars that have also rotation periods from TESS shows that eROSITA is also sensitive for slower rotating M dwarfs that are in the unsaturated regime with periods inaccessible to TESS.
Assessment of postnatal femur development in Wistar Han rats
Authors: Campion Sarah N. , Nowland William S. , Gropp Kathryn , Liu Chang‐Ning , Ritenour Hayley N. , Syed Jameel , Catlin Natasha , Stethem Christine M. , Coskran Timothy M. , Cappon Gregg D.
Published: August 2022

The use of Wistar Han (WH) rats in regulatory toxicology studies, including juvenile animal studies, is increasing. The current study was performed to characterize femur development in neonatal and juvenile WH rats. Beginning on postnatal day (PND) 4 through PND 50, groups of WH rats (n = 5/sex) were evaluated for the development and ossification of the femur by Alizarin Red S staining, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) imaging, microscopic examination, and Collagen X immunostaining. The focus of these evaluations was limited to the proximal femur including the head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, and shaft. Through the multiple methods utilized, it was determined that the femoral neck is the first structure of the proximal femur to ossify, which occurs between PND 15 and 20. The femoral head and greater trochanter begin to separate on PND 15 with separation completing on PND 25 (both still composed of cartilage). Evidence of mineralization and ossification of these structures is apparent at PND 25, with a progressive increase with age, reaching adult‐like morphology by PND 40. This work has provided a thorough characterization of postnatal femur development in WH rats to help inform bone and femur effects in juvenile toxicity studies as well as the design of investigative studies.
Ligand conjugated lipid‐based nanocarriers for cancer theranostics
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Dkhar Daphika S. , Kumari Rohini , Divya  , Mahapatra Supratim , Srivastava Ananya , Dubey Vikash Kumar , Chandra Pranjal
Published: August 2022

Cancer is one of the major health‐related issues affecting the population worldwide and subsequently accounts for the second‐largest death. Genetic and epigenetic modifications in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes affect the regulatory systems that lead to the initiation and progression of cancer. Conventional methods, including chemotherapy/radiotherapy/appropriate combinational therapy and surgery, are being widely used for theranostics of cancer patients. Surgery is useful in treating localized tumors, but it is ineffective in treating metastatic tumors, which spread to other organs and result in a high recurrence rate and death. Also, the therapeutic application of free drugs is related to substantial issues such as poor absorption, solubility, bioavailability, high degradation rate, short shelf‐life, and low therapeutic index. Therefore, these issues can be sorted out using nano lipid‐based carriers (NLBCs) as promising drug delivery carriers. Still, at most, they fail to achieve site‐targeted drug delivery and detection. This can be achieved by selecting a specific ligand/antibody for its cognate receptor molecule expressed on the surface of the cancer cells. In this review, we have mainly discussed the various types of ligands used to decorate NLBCs. A list of the ligands used to design nanocarriers to target malignant cells has been extensively undertaken. The approved ligand‐decorated lipid‐based nanomedicines with their clinical status have been explained in tabulated form to provide a wider scope to the readers regarding ligand‐coupled NLBCs.
Consider new dynamics in student‐athletes’ marijuana use
Authors: Neal Timothy
Published: August 2022

Between the NCAA modifying its THC‐testing policies and more states legalizing the recreational use of marijuana, intercollegiate athletics administrators are struggling to make appropriate adjustments in their departmental drug‐testing policies. Additionally, there's a growing advocacy to use marijuana as an adjunct mode of care for student‐athletes’ physical and mental conditions. All of these changes leave college athletics administrators, risk managers, and general counsel offices with much to consider as they work to adapt to the ever‐evolving issue of marijuana use in intercollegiate athletics.
Prepare to tackle academic misconduct in all its forms
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: August 2022

LAS VEGAS — Among today's college students, there's been a shift in perspective about what actually qualifies as cheating, according to Kathy Sulentic, Associate Director of Enforcement with the NCAA.
Take time to reflect on your career
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: August 2022

It's critical to stop every now and then to take stock of accomplishments and challenges in the recently ended period, to restock with ideas for new activities and projects, and to determine strategies for improvement. I hope you'll take time to reflect on your life and career. Reflection is an important and necessary tool for success.
Atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor of the tongue: A rare entity arising in an unusual location
Authors: Graja Soumaya , Chaari Chiraz , Kammoun Chahir , Zghal Mouna , Dhouib Morched , Charfi Slim , Sellami‐Boudawara Tahya
Published: August 2022

Atypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumor (ASCPT) constitutes an emerging entity of lipomatous tumors. It is a benign tumor. It occurs typically in limbs and limb girdles. The occurrence in oral cavity is unusual. The diagnosis of this neoplasm is challenging. Herein, we report a case of ASCPT arising in the tongue.