bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in the Clinical Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Liu Xingchi , Li Jianwen
Published: April 2024

Acute myocardial infarction is a kind of cardiovascular disease mainly caused by coronary artery stenosis, atherosclerosis or blockage of myocardial cell hypoxia and ischemic necrosis, and it is one of the most hazardous cardiovascular diseases around the world. In recent years, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction has been increasing year by year in our country as well as the trend of rejuvenation, which has aroused the great importance of various medical experts. This has also caused various medical experts to pay great attention to the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in the clinic through the treatment of acute myocardial infarction to carry out continuous in-depth exploration, summarized some of the treatment of acute myocardial infarction effective methods. In this paper, the causes of acute myocardial infarction are elaborated, and the treatment plan of acute myocardial infarction is summarized, hoping to provide certain reference for clinical research.
Rare and Dangerous Complication of Rhabdomyolysis in Critically Ill Patients: a Case Study
Authors: Shan Lin , Fan Meng , Bao Zheheng
Published: April 2024

Rhabdomyolysis in critically ill patients is rare and can easily lead to serious adverse complications. We present the case of a young male patient who experienced acute liver failure resulting from closed abdominal injury, accompanied by severe complications of rhabdomyolysis and compartment syndrome. The patient underwent orthotopic liver transplantation surgery to restore liver function. Compartment syndrome of the lower legs was treated with percutaneous deep fasciotomy. Upon discharge, the patient was in a post-liver transplant state and exhibited partial dysfunction in lower limbs. Therefore, rhabdomyolysis occurs insidiously in severe patients and can easily lead to serious adverse outcomes. Clinicians should recognize symptoms of rhabdomyolysis and intervene promptly.
Progress on the Impact of Climate Change on Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Hu Jiangyuan , Han Xiaotong , Yan Xiquan , Zhu Yimin
Published: April 2024

Climate change is a global public health problem. With the improvement of the industrialization level of various countries, the problem is becoming more and more serious. The mortality and disability rates of cardiac arrest are very high. Climate change affects the occurrence of cardiac arrest, and extreme weather such as high temperature are the risk factors for cardiac arrest. Previous studies have explored the effects of climate change and cardiac arrest, however the study design and exposure assessment of these studies differ, and the outcome associations are inconsistent. This paper aims to review the relationship between climate change and the onset of cardiac arrest and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest.
Resignificando las prácticas pedagógicas para transitar hacia un liderazgo para el aprendizaje
Authors: Chaucono Catrinao Juan Carlos , Mellado Hernández María Elena , Garrido Vázquez Nelson
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en describir las prácticas para transitar hacia un liderazgo para el aprendizaje en una escuela de la región de La Araucanía, Chile. El trabajo se suscribe a un estudio de caso que utiliza una metodología cualitativa. Participó un total de diecinueve personas, distribuidas en diecisiete docentes, un jefe de la unidad técnica pedagógica y un director. Para recoger la información, se realizaron conversaciones dialógicas entre participantes y reflexiones para profundizar desde la perspectiva de los distintos actores las comprensiones construidas antes, durante y después del cuestionamiento sistemático de las representaciones implícitas sobre liderazgo arraigadas en el pensamiento y en su práctica. Los resultados señalan la predominancia de prácticas de liderazgo pedagógico centradas en la enseñanza del profesorado. Posteriormente a la propuesta de mejoramiento coconstruida por docentes y directivos, se destaca una transición paulatina del foco y enfoque del liderazgo en el centro escolar, dejando entrever pequeños cambios en la forma de comprender el aprendizaje. A modo de conclusión, se estableció de manera colaborativa una ruta de aprendizaje profesional entre docentes y directivos, desde las representaciones implícitas que construyeron en su trayectoria docente sobre lo que significa enseñar, aprender y evaluar. Así, se posibilita el impulso de transformaciones en sus prácticas, desde un liderazgo centrado en la enseñanza hacia uno focalizado en el aprendizaje del estudiante.
Peptic ulcer disease – who is to blame and what to do?
Authors: Lithovskiy I.А. , Gordienko А.V. , Pyatibrat E.D.
Published: April 2024

The first successes in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease (PU) using antibiotics in combination with proton pump blockers contributed to the emergence of the hypothesis that H. pylori is the main cause of PU. Moreover, it was assumed that eradication of H. pylori could lead to elimination of ulcerative disease. However, 40 years after the discovery of H. pylori, it became clear that eradication therapy reduces the time to ulcer healing, improves the quality of life and prolongs remission, but does not eliminate PU. Nevertheless, the new Maastricht VI guidelines still proclaim H. pylori eradication as the main goal of therapy for H. pylori-associated diseases. The widespread use of antibiotics has saved millions of lives. At the same time, bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics due to the ongoing escalation of antibacterial therapy has been named by the World Health Organization as one of the main threats to humanity in this century. Therefore, the infectious concept of the pathogenesis of PU and the principles of its treatment require clarification.
The effect of genetic polymorphism of genes encoding the target of action on the variability of the response to antihypertensive therapy
Authors: Rebrova E.V. , Shikh E.V.
Published: April 2024

Arterial hypertension is one of the main modifiable factors of cardiovascular events, which affects an increasing number of people around the world. In addition to the low adherence of patients to treatment, the wrong choice of medications, the presence of concomitant diseases and an unhealthy lifestyle, the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy may be associated with genetic polymorphism. Genetic polymorphisms can influence through genes involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, which are able to modify the effects of drugs; modifications in the mechanisms of interaction of drugs with genes; polymorphisms in metabolic enzymes; genes associated with drug carriers, and genes involved in complex cascades and metabolic reactions. The article reviews the results of studies of the relationship of polymorphic alleles of genes responsible for the pharmacodynamic response to therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers as the main drugs for the treatment of hypertension according to clinical guidelines for the treatment of hypertension in adults.
Pengaruh Brand Image dan Brand Trust Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Mobil Toyota Avanza Pada PT. Agung Toyota Pangkalan Kerinci, Pelalawan, Riau
Authors: Gultom Arya Putra Pratama , Fadli Mashur
Published: April 2024

Saat ini zaman yang semakin berkembang memberikan pengaruh bagi industri dibidang otomotif dan sering ditemui di area perkotaan. Industri otomotif terkhususnya mobil memiliki dampak yang baik pada proses penjualan. Kondisi tersebut dilaksanakan agar meningkatkan keputusan pembelian pada produk Mobil Toyota Avanza PT. Agung Toyota Pangkalan  Kerinci, Pelelawan, Riau. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni guna mengetahui pengaruh brand image dan brand trust terhadap keputusan pembelian pada PT. Agung Toyota Pangkalan Kerinci, Pelelawan, Riau. Sampel yang didapat sejumlah 99 responden, memakai teknik accidental sampling. Penelitian ini memakai metode statistik deskriptif serta sumber data yang dipakai yakni data primer diperoleh pada sebaran kuesioner serta memakai data sekunder yang diketahui melalui data penjualan produk selama 5 tahun terakhir. Selanjutnya data diuji memakai uji statistik yakni uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, serta analisis regresi linear berganda. Dimana hasil uji memperlihatkan secara simultan brand image (X1) dan brand trust (X2) mempunyai pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y).
Pengaruh Penggunaan Chatbot dan Asisten Virtual terhadap Peningkatkan Kepuasan Pelanggan serta Dampaknya terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Pembelian
Authors: Soetiyono Agus , Kurnia Yusuf , Kurnia Rudy
Published: April 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan Chatbot dan Virtual Asisten dalam manajemen pelanggan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan dan Keputusan Pembelian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan melibatkan pengumpulan data dari 200 responden, termasuk pelanggan dan pengelola bisnis, melalui kuesioner. Model struktural yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Partial Least Square (PLS), yang kemudian digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan dengan menguji hubungan variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Chatbot dan Virtual Asisten secara signifikan berdampak pada Kepuasan Pelanggan dan Keputusan Pembelian. Implikasi penting dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa perusahaan dapat memanfaatkan teknologi Chatbot dan Virtual Asisten sebagai alat efektif untuk meningkatkan tingkat kepuasan pelanggan dan memengaruhi perilaku pembelian konsumen. Dengan memahami peran penting teknologi ini dalam manajemen pelanggan, perusahaan dapat mengembangkan strategi pemasaran yang lebih canggih dan pengelolaan pelanggan yang lebih adaptif untuk mendukung pertumbuhan bisnis jangka panjang yang berkelanjutan. Perlu juga dicatat bahwa penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya adaptasi perusahaan terhadap inovasi teknologi untuk menjaga keunggulan kompetitif dalam era digital yang terus berkembang. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam memahami peran dan dampak teknologi terkini dalam konteks manajemen pelanggan dan pengambilan keputusan pembelian.
The Influence of Service Quality And Profit Sharing on Customers' Saving Decisions Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Batam Batu Aji
Authors: Anisah Tipani , Sunargo Sunargo
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of Service quality and profit sharing on saving decision at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Batam Batu Aji. This study uses a quantitative approach, with a sample of 197 respondents. Data collection techniques in this study are by using a questionnaire distribution. The analysis techniques used in this study includes validity test, reliability test, multiple regression test, F test, t test and coefficient of determination. The data that has fulfilled the analysis techniques was processed using the help of the SPSS 26 program. It can be seen from the results of the statistical test that the service quality and profit sharing independent variables affect the dependent variable of saving decision. The results showed that based on the calculation of the coefficient of determination the influence of the independent variable service quality and profit sharing on the dependent variable of saving decision is 0,532 or 53.2 % which shows that saving decision can be influenced by service quality variable and profit sharing variable. While the remaining 46.8 % is influenced by other variables that do not exist in this study. This shows that service quality and profit sharinghas a significant effect on saving decision. Where if service quality is guaranteed and profit sharing is good will improve saving decision.
Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Displin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT Volex Indonesia Di Kota Batam
Authors: Fitriani Harmita Mukhtar  , Wasiman
Published: April 2024

This study aims to investigate the effect of work motivation and discipline on employee performance at PT Volex Indonesia in Batam City. High motivation can increase the performance level of employees by encouraging them to achieve company goals and make a greater contribution. Good work discipline also plays an important role in creating an efficient and orderly work environment, so that employees can work effectively and efficiently. This research uses a descriptive type with a quantitative approach and collects data through questionnaires distributed to 156 respondents of PT Volex Indonesia employees. Data analysis techniques using data quality tests, classic assumption tests, influence tests and hypothesis testing. The findings of multiple linear regression analysis show that motivation has an influence of 50.6% on employee performance at PT Volex Indonesia in Batam City, while work discipline has an influence of 31.3% on employee performance at PT Volex Indonesia in Batam City. The findings of the analysis of the coefficient of determination (R2) state that motivation and work discipline explain 70.7% of employee performance at PT Volex Indonesia in Batam City. The results of the partial and simultaneous analysis of the hypotheses show that work motivation and discipline have a significant positive effect on the performance of employees of PT Volex Indonesia in Batam City.
Pengaruh Beban Kerja, Disiplin Kerja Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT Volex
Authors: Nani Hartati Sihotang  , Asron Saputra
Published: April 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of workload, work discipline, and job satisfaction on employee performance at PT Volex. The type of research used is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The population used is all employees who work as production operators in the ICA department at PT Volex in 2023 with a total of 112 employees with sampling based on saturated sampling, using a questionnaire distributed to PT Volex employees. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression methods which were tested involving data quality tests, classic assumption tests, influence tests and hypothesis tests, to determine the effect of workload, work discipline, and job satisfaction variables on employee performance. Findings in multiple linear regression analysis can show that workload has a positive relationship with a magnitude of 26.2% on employee performance. Work discipline has a positive relationship with a magnitude of 21.2% on employee performance. Job satisfaction has a positive relationship with a magnitude of 34.1% on employee performance. The findings of the analysis of the coefficient of determination (R2) that the level of employee performance can be explained by workload, work discipline and job satisfaction of 72.5%. The research results in the hypothesis testing carried out can show that workload, work discipline and job satisfaction partially or simultaneously can provide a positive and significant relationship to employee performance.
Analisis Efektivitas dan Kontribusi Penerimaan Pajak Restoran Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Bogor (Studi Kasus Pada Badan Pengelolaan Pendapatam Daerah Kabupaten Bogor)
Authors: Alfiani Nisa , Dali Rahmat Mulyana , Syukur R. Dudung Abdul
Published: April 2024

Pajak restoran menjadi satu diantara penyumbang utama dalam pendapatan pajak daerah di Kabupaten Bogor dan berperan penting dalam peningkatan PAD (pendapatan asli daerah). Wabah Covid – 19 yang menyebar di Indonesia , berdampak terhadap berbagai sektor perekonomian salah satunya penerimaan dari pajak restoran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai seberapa efektif dan sejauh mana pajak restoran berkontribusi terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Bogor selama periode tahun 2017 hingga 2021. Penelitian dilakukan di Badan Pengelolaan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Bogor. Metodologi yang diterapkan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, sumber data digunakan mencakup data primer melalui wawancara serta data sekunder yang terdiri dari laporan realisasi anggaran Kabupaten Bogor. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat efektivitas pada periode 2017 memiliki besaran 103,79% , selanjutnya yaitu 118,88% di tahun 2018, 119,96% di tahun 2019  , 127,46% di tahun 2020, dan pada tahun 2021 persentase nya sebesesar 120,26%. Secara keseluruhan efektivitas pajak restoran mulai tahun 2017 sampai tahun 2021 masuk dalam kategori sangat efektif karena memiliki presentase diatas 100% dengan rata rata 118,07%, hasil tersebut menggambarkan bahwa pemerintah daerah daerah Kabupaten bogor dapat merealisasikan pendapatan lebih tinggi dari target yang telah ditetapkan. Sedangkan tingkat kontribusi dari pajak restoran pada tahun 2017 memiliki presentase 3,61%, tahun 2018 naik menjadi 5,06%, tahun 2019 kembali naik jadi 5,46%, tahun 2020 mengalami penurunan sehingga presentase nya menjadi sebesar 4,42% dan pada tahun 2021 mengalami peningkatan dari tahun sebelumnya menjadi 4,55%. Besaran kontribusi pajak restoran terhadap PAD Kabupaten Bogor tahun  2017-2021 termasuk dalam klasifikasi sangat kurang karena memiliki presentase >10%,  presentase rata-rata yaitu sebesar 4,62%.
The moderating role of COMT and BDNF polymorphisms on transfer effects following multi- and single-domain cognitive training among community-dwelling Shanghainese older adults
Authors: Jiang Jiangling , Fiocco Alexandra , Cao Xinyi , Jiang Lijuan , Feng Wei , Shen Yuan , Li Ting , Li Chunbo
Published: April 2024

Given the increase in research suggesting benefit following cognitive training in older adults, researchers have started to investigate the potential moderating role of genetic polymorphisms on transfer effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the moderating effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms on transfer effects following a single-domain or multi-domain training intervention in healthy community-dwelling older adults. A total of 104 men and women living in Shanghai were randomized to a multi-domain or a single-domain cognitive training (SDCT) group. COMT rs4818 SNP and the BDNF rs6265 SNP were analyzed from blood. At pre-intervention, post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up, participants completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), the Color-Word Stroop Test (CWST), the Trails Making Test (TMT) and the Visual Reasoning Test (VRT). COMT was found to moderate immediate memory transfer effects following single-domain training only, with G/- carriers displaying greater benefits than C/C carriers. BDNF was found to moderate attention and inhibition independent of the training, with Met/- carriers displaying better performance than Val/Val carriers. Overall, individualizing training methods with full consideration of genetic polymorphisms may promote the maximization of cognitive training benefits.

 
The Mediating Role of Allostatic Load in the Relationship Between Early Life Adversity and Cognitive Function Across the Adult Lifespan
Authors: D'Amico Danielle , Amestoy Maya E. , Fiocco Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Early life adversity is consequential for poor cognitive health in mid to late-life. Early life adversity is associated with higher allostatic load, a biological indicator of physiological dysregulation due to cumulative wear-and-tear from chronic stress. Higher allostatic load is also associated with poorer cognitive function across the lifespan. To date, a paucity of research has examined allostatic load as a mechanism through which early life adversity impacts cognition in adulthood. Using cross-sectional data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study, the objective of the current study was to investigate the mediating role of allostatic load in the relationship between early life adversity and cognitive performance (global cognition, episodic memory, executive function) among middle-aged and older adults without cognitive impairment (n = 1541, Mage=53 ± 12, 53% female). Early life adversity was measured retrospectively using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Allostatic load was composed of 20 biomarker proxies of neuroendocrine, metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular systems, stratified by sex. Cognitive performance was evaluated using a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests. Controlling for age, education, and race, allostatic load significantly mediated the relationship between early life adversity and global cognition (ß=−0.01, 95%CI [−0.01,−0.001]), and early life adversity and executive function (ß=−0.01, 95%CI [−0.01,−0.001]), but not episodic memory. Findings did not change after controlling for lifestyle behaviours and current depression. Consistent with the biopsychosocial lifespan model of cognitive aging, findings suggest that early life adversity may become biologically embedded over time to negatively impact cognitive function in later adulthood in a domain-specific manner.
The effects of mindfulness training on cognitive and psychosocial wellbeing among older family caregivers of persons with neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Mallya Sasha , Fiocco Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention on cognitive function and well-being in family caregivers.

Methods Family caregivers (N = 57) of a person with a neurodegenerative disease were recruited and assigned to an 8-week MBSR program (n = 33) or a psychoeducation-social support group (n = 24). All participants completed pre- and post-intervention assessment of cognitive and psychosocial functioning.

Results Results suggested that MBSR was associated with a significantly larger reduction in self-reported depressive symptoms and perceived stress relative to the control group; however, no between-group differences were found for executive function or other cognitive outcomes.

Conclusions This study contributes to the growing body of literature highlighting the potential use of contemplative practices for improving psychosocial well-being among family caregivers.
The association between video game play and cognitive function: Does gaming platform matter?
Authors: Fiocco Alexandra , Huang Vivian , Young Michaelia
Published: April 2024

Despite consumer growth, few studies have evaluated the cognitive effects of gaming using mobile devices. This study examined the association between video game play platform and cognitive performance. Furthermore, the differential effect of video game genre (action versus nonaction) was explored. Sixty undergraduate students completed a video game experience questionnaire, and we divided them into three groups: mobile video game players (MVGPs), console/computer video game players (CVGPs), and nonvideo game players (NVGPs). Participants completed a cognitive battery to assess executive function, and learning and memory. Controlling for sex and ethnicity, analyses showed that frequent video game play is associated with enhanced executive function, but not learning and memory. MVGPs were significantly more accurate on working memory performances than NVGPs. Both MVGPs and CVGPs were similarly associated with enhanced cognitive function, suggesting that platform does not significantly determine the benefits of frequent video game play. Video game platform was found to differentially associate with preference for action video game genre and motivation for gaming. Exploratory analyses show that sex significantly effects frequent video game play, platform and genre preference, and cognitive function. This study represents a novel exploration of the relationship between mobile video game play and cognition and adds support to the cognitive benefits of frequent video game play.

 
Sex differences in the relationship between diet pattern adherence and cognition among older adults: The NuAge study
Authors: D'Amico Danielle , Parrott Matthew D. , Greenwood Carol E. , Ferland Guylaine , Gaudreau Pierrette , Belleville Sylvie , Laurin Danielle , Anderson Nicole D. , Kergoat Marie-Jeanne , Morais José A. , Presse Nancy , Fiocco Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Background: Consumption of a prudent dietary pattern rich in healthy nutrients is associated with enhanced cognitive performance in older adulthood, while a Western dietary pattern low in healthy nutrients is associated with poor age-related cognitive function. Sex differences exist in dietary intake among older adults; however, there is a paucity of research examining the relationship between sex-specific dietary patterns and cognitive function in later life.

Methods: The current study aimed to investigate sex differences in the relationship between sex-specific dietary pattern adherence and global cognitive function at baseline and over a 3-year follow-up in 1268 community-dwelling older adults (Mage = 74 years, n = 664 women, n = 612 men) from the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging (NuAge). A 78-item Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to estimate dietary intake over the previous year. Sex-specific dietary pattern scores were derived using principal component analysis. Global cognition was assessed using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS).

Results: Adjusted linear mixed effects models indicated that a healthy, prudent dietary pattern was not associated with baseline cognitive performance in men or women. No relationship was found between Western dietary pattern adherence and baseline cognitive function in women. Among men, adherence to an unhealthy, Western dietary pattern was associated with poorer baseline cognitive function (β = − 0.652, p = 0.02, 95% CI [− 1.22, − 0.65]). No association was found between prudent or Western dietary patterns and cognitive change over time in men or women.

Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of conducting sex-based analyses in aging research and suggest that the relationship between dietary pattern adherence and cognitive function in late life may be sex-dependent.
Serum Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cognitive Domains in Community-Dwelling Older Adults from the NuAge Study: Exploring the Associations With Other Fatty Acids and Sex
Authors: Duchaine Caroline , Fiocco Alexandra , Carmichael Pierre-Hugues , C. Cunnane Stephen , Plourde Mélanie , Lampuré Aurélie , Allès Benjamin , Belleville Sylvie , Gaudreau Pierrette , Presse Nancy , Ferland Guylaine , Laurin Danielle
Published: April 2024

Background: Omega-3 (n–3) PUFAs are suggested to play a role in the prevention of cognitive decline. The evidence may be inconsistent due to methodologic issues, including interrelations with other long-chain (14 or more carbons) fatty acids (LCFAs) and use of sex as a confounding factor rather than an effect modifier

Objectives: This study evaluated the association between serum n–3 PUFAs and performance across 4 cognitive domains, overall and by sex, while controlling for other LCFAs

Methods: In total, 386 healthy older adults (aged 77.4 ± 3.8 y; 53% females) from the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging underwent a cognitive evaluation and blood sampling. Verbal and nonverbal episodic memory, executive functioning, and processing speed were evaluated. Serum LCFA concentrations were measured by gas chromatography. LCFAs were grouped according to standard fatty acid classes and factor analysis using principal component analysis (FA-PCA). Multivariate linear regression models were performed, including unadjusted and adjusted models for other LCFAs

Results: Higher n–3 PUFA concentrations were associated with better nonverbal memory and processing speed in fully adjusted models not including other LCFAs (βs of 0.21 and 0.19, respectively). The magnitude of these associations varied when other LCFAs were entered in the model (βs of 0.27 and 0.32, respectively) or when FA-PCA factors were considered (βs of 0.27 and 0.21, respectively). Associations with verbal episodic memory were limited to higher concentrations of EPA, whereas there was no association between n–3 PUFAs and executive functioning. Higher n–3 PUFAs were associated with better verbal and nonverbal episodic memory in females and with better executive functioning and processing speed in males

Conclusions: These results suggest that other LCFAs should be considered when evaluating the association between n–3 PUFAs and cognitive performance in healthy older adults. Sex differences across cognitive domains warrant further investigation. J Nutr 2022;152:2117–2124.
Psychological stress across the lifespan and cognitive function among older adults: The moderating role of a healthy lifestyle
Authors: Fiocco Alexandra , Scarcello Sabrina , Marzolini Susan , Chan Alan , Oh Paul , Proulx Guy , Greenwood Carol
Published: April 2024

Background: Canada is experiencing a rise in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a known risk factor for accelerated cognitive decline and dementia. Within the context of an aging population, this will impose significant individual and societal burden, making the development of prevention programs imperative.

Objective: This pilot study examines the effects of the Diabetes Exercise and Healthy Lifestyle Service, a 24-week intervention program, on cardiovascular, metabolic regulation and cognitive function in adults with T2DM.

Methods: Seventeen middle-aged participants provided blood samples for biological markers, underwent cognitive testing and a physical stress test pre- and post-intervention. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Digit Symbol Substitution Tasl (DSST) and fluency test.

Results: Adjusted models reveal participants displayed increased cardiovascular fitness (VO2 peak: Mchange=4.09 mL∙kg∙min-1 SE=1.4), peak heart rate (Mchange= 9.28 beats⋅min-1 SE=2.68) and change in heart rate (Mchange=10.71 SE=1.76) in response to the stress test (ps<0.05) following the 24-week intervention. A decrease in body mass index (BMI) (Mchange= −1.03 SE=0.40) and depressive symptomatology (CES-D: Mchange = −3.62 SE=1.44) was also found (ps<0.05). No change was found for lipid and glucose levels. Surprisingly, analyses showed that cognitive performance on the CVLT immediate recall (M= −4.37 SE=2.21), CVTL short-delay recall (M= −1.06 SE=0.55), DSST (Mchange= −3 SE=0.53) and category fluency (Mchange= −1.69 SE=0.78) declined following the intervention (ps<0.05); however, decline on the CVLT was limited to adults with co-morbid T2DM and hypertension.

Conclusion: Additional research is needed to evaluate the benefit of an exercise and lifestyle program that targets cognitive health in those with T2DM.
Nutrition risk independent of body mass index is associated with cognitive performance in community-living older adults without cognitive impairment: Results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Trinca Vanessa , Anderson Nicole D. , Fiocco Alexandra , Ferland Guylaine , Laurin Danielle , Keller Heather H.
Published: April 2024

Malnutrition is correlated with poor cognition; however, an understanding of the association between nutrition risk, which precedes malnutrition, and cognition is lacking. This study aimed to determine if nutrition risk measured with the SCREEN-8 tool is associated with cognitive performance among cognitively healthy adults aged 55+, after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates. Sex- and age-stratified analyses were also explored. Baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging was used. Cognition was determined using a 6-measure composite score based on four executive functions and two memory tasks, taking into account age, sex, and education. Multivariable linear regression was performed while adjusting for body mass index (BMI), lifestyle, and health covariates in the entire sample (n = 11 378) and then stratified by sex and age. Approximately half of participants were female (54.5%) aged 65+ (54.1%). Greater nutrition risk was associated with poorer cognitive performance in the entire sample (F[1, 11 368] = 5.36, p = 0.021) and among participants aged 55–64 (n = 5227; F[1, 5217] = 5.45, p = 0.020). Sex differences in lifestyle and health factors associated with cognition were apparent, but nutrition risk was not associated with cognition in sex-stratified models. Based on this analysis, there may be an association between nutrition risk and cognitive performance in older adults. When screening for either cognitive impairment or nutrition risk, complementary assessments for these conditions is warranted, as early intervention may provide benefit.
Neuroticism and stress in older adults: The buffering role of self-esteem
Authors: Amestoy Maya E. , D’Amico Danielle , Fiocco Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Background: Chronic stress is associated with accelerated aging and poor health outcomes in older adults. According to the Transactional Model of Stress (TMS), distress is experienced when one perceives the stressor, or threat, to outweigh the ability to cope. The experience of distress is correlated with trait neuroticism, which is associated with greater perceptions of stress and stress reactivity, as well as a tendency to engage in maladaptive coping strategies. However, as individual personality traits do not act in isolation, this study aimed to investigate the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between neuroticism and distress using a TMS framework. Methods: A total of 201 healthy older adults (Mage = 68.65 years) completed questionnaires measuring self-esteem, neuroticism, perceived stress, and positive coping. Results: Greater neuroticism was significantly associated with less positive coping at low (b = −0.02, p < 0.001) and mean self-esteem levels (b = −0.01, p < 0.001), but not at high self-esteem levels (b = −0.01, p = 0.06). No moderating effect was found for perceived stress or overall distress. Conclusion: The results support the association between trait neuroticism and indices of stress and suggest a potential buffering effect of self-esteem in moderating the negative association between neuroticism and positive coping.
Music listening does not inoculate the stress response in young and older adults
Authors: Peck Katlyn , de Zepetnek Julia Totosy , Fiocco Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Although the acute stress response is adaptive for survival, frequent and intermittent activation of the acute stress response may have negative health consequences over time. As such, the development of effective low-cost and noninvasive stress reduction interventions is important. Music listening is shown to promote faster physiological recovery following acute stress. However, there is a paucity of research examining the potential inoculation effect of music on stress reactivity and potential modifiers that may influence this effect such as music selection. Hence, the current study examined the potential inoculation effect of music on acute stress reactivity, as measured by a comprehensive set of stress indices. It was hypothesized that listening to music prior to acute stress exposure would decrease stress reactivity compared with white noise (WN), and that self-selected music would serve as a stronger inoculator than researcher-selected music. Participants (N = 109) were randomly assigned to either researcher-selected music (n = 36), self-selected music (n = 38), or a WN group (n = 35) and listened to either music or WN prior to undergoing the Trier Social Stress Test, a standardized psychosocial stress protocol. Outcome indices of stress included skin conductance, heart rate, salivary cortisol, and self-report affect. Analyses failed to show a significant inoculation effect of music on the stress response. Exploratory analyses did not reveal differential sex or age effects in stress inoculation. This study contributes to the growing literature on the neuroscience of music and presents a new line of questions that require further investigation. 
Effects of acute stress on intertemporal choice and altruism in younger and older adults
Authors: Sparrow Erika P. , Armstrong Bonnie A. , Fiocco Alexandra , Spaniol Julia
Published: April 2024

Recent studies of aging and decision making suggests that altruism increases with age. It is unclear, however, whether this pattern holds when choices are made under stress, as is often the case in real-world scenarios. The current study used an intertemporal choice task in which younger and older adults received a financial endowment before making a series of consequential intertemporal decisions involving gains, losses and charitable donations. Preceding the choice task, participants were exposed to a laboratory stressor. Physiological stress reactivity was a predictor of altruistic decision making in younger adults, such that individuals with higher stress reactivity made more generous choices. Older adults showed higher altruism than younger adults overall, with altruism unrelated to stress reactivity in older adults. These findings are consistent with an age-related change in the mechanisms underlying altruistic behavior.
Associations between cardiovascular disease risk factors and cognitive performance in health older adults from the NutCog study
Authors: Koblinsky Noah D. , Carmichael Pierre-Hugues , Belleville Sylvie , Fiocco Alexandra , Gaudreau Pierrette , Kergoat Marie-Jeanne , Morais José A. , Presse Nancy , Laurin Danielle , Ferland Guylaine
Published: April 2024

 

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVRFs) contribute to the development of cognitive impairment and dementia.

Methods: This study examined the associations between circulating CVRF biomarkers and cognition in 386 cognitively healthy older adults (mean age = 78 ± 4 years, 53% females) selected from the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging (NuAge). Memory, executive function, and processing speed were assessed at baseline and 2-year follow-up. CVRF biomarkers included total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, glucose, insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homocysteine, protein carbonyls, and cortisol. Linear mixed models were used to determine associations between individual CVRF biomarkers and cognition at both time points.

Results: HDL-C was most consistently associated with cognition with higher values related to better performance across several domains. Overall, stronger and more consistent relationships between CVRF biomarkers and cognition were observed in females relative to males.

Discussion: Findings suggest that increases in the majority of circulating CVRFs are not associated with worse cognition in cognitively healthy older adults.
Association between BDNF polymorphism and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in later adulthood
Authors: Fiocco Alexandra , D’Amico Danielle , De Beaumont Louis , Poirier Judes , Lupien Sonia
Published: April 2024

Stress exposure over the lifespan is robustly associated with accelerated cognitive decline in later life. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is shown to regulate activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association betweenthe BDNF polymorphism and indices of stress among adults aged 50+. Community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults provided a blood sample for BDNF genotyping. Participants also sampled their saliva 5 times/day for 3 consecutive days for the measurement of diurnal cortisol and underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) for the measurement of stress reactivity. Among 121 adults aged 50–67 years (78% female; 89% Caucasian), 74 participants were Val/Val carriers and 47 carried 1 copy of the Met allele. Repeated-measures analyses did not reveal an association between BDNF genotype and diurnal salivary cortisol (p = 0.63); however, analyses revealed that Met+ carriers displayed lower levels of cortisol secretion in response to the TSST compared with Val/Val carriers; F(4.43, 496.238) = 2.57, p = 0.032. This is the first study to evaluate the role of the BDNF polymorphism in stress physiology among older adults. Future studies are needed to evaluate the lifespan interconnections between BDNF and stress physiology.

 
Altered declarative memory in introverted middle-aged adults carrying the BDNF val66met allele
Authors: De Beaumont Louis , Fiocco Alexandra , Quesnel Geneviève , Lupien Sonia , Poirier Judes
Published: April 2024

Background: The val66met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNFMet) is associated with impaired learning/memory function, affective dysregulation and maladaptive personality traits. Here, we examine the potential relationship between the BDNFMet allele, introversion and declarative memory in middle-age adults.

Methods: A total of 132 middle-aged healthy adults took part in this study that included taking a blood sample for genetic profiling, a short battery of neuropsychological tests and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), widely used to assess the Big Five personality.

Results: Controlling for age, level of education and sex, a multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) computing the effect of BDNF polymorphism on extraversion and declarative memory revealed a significant association (D1,128 = 4.79; p = 0.03; ηp2 = 0.053). Using the Sobel Goodman Mediation Test, it was found that 25.61% of the relationship between genotype and declarative memory performance was mediated by introversion. Subsequent correlational analyses yielded a strong and significant correlation (β = 0.53; p < 0.001) between introversion and declarative memory specific to BDNFMet individuals.

Conclusion: this study highlights the pertinence of further investigating gene × personality × environment interactions to account for the significant variability that is observed in cognitive function in late life.
Potentiality and Impotentiality in The Viceroys (1894) by Federico De Roberto
Authors: Sartori Andrea
Published: April 2024

This essay furnishes a critical interpretation of Federico De Roberto’s novel The Viceroys (1894) within the theoretical coordinates provided by Giorgio Agamben’s notions of “potentiality” and “impotentiality” (dynamis and adynamia, respectively, in Aristotle’s Metaphysics). The essay argues that two apparently marginal characters in the story—Chiara’s aborted fetus and Cavaliere Eugenio—embody a possibility that is open to a radical unpredictability, which is to say, to an “impotentiality” that contrasts both Benedetto Croce’s naturalistic reading of the novel and Vittorio Spinazzola’s materialist account of it. In fact, Chiara’s fetus and Eugenio are presented as metaphors of the power of imagination and literature embedded in life (in the bíos). Such a power is opposed to that of “race,” upon which critics usually flatten their interpretations of The Viceroys and, in particular, their readings of Consalvo’s concluding speech to his aunt Ferdinanda (“no, our race has not degenerated; it is the same as it ever was”).
Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định mua thực phẩm hữu cơ của người tiêu dùng trẻ Hà Nội
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Mai Anh , Nguyễn Thị Phương Dung
Published: April 2024

Nhu cầu đối với thực phẩm hữu cơ tăng mạnh trong thời gian gần đây, nhất là khi người tiêu dùng trẻ ngày càng nhận thức rõ hơn về tác động của thực phẩm hữu cơ đối với môi trường, sức khỏe và xã hội. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu là đánh giá các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định mua thực phẩm hữu cơ của người tiêu dùng trẻ Hà Nội. Nghiên cứu sử dụng lý thuyết hành vi hoạch định và khảo sát với tổng mẫu là 265, sử dụng phương pháp chọn mẫu thuận tiện. Các công cụ phân tích được dùng bao gồm: thống kê mô tả, kiểm định độ tin cậy thang đo Cronbach’s Alpha, phân tích hồi qui đơn và đa biến cùng kiểm định ANOVA. Kết quả chỉ ra rằng chất lượng cảm nhận về thực phẩm hữu cơ, quan tâm về giá, và hiệu quả cảm nhận đều có tác động đáng kể đến ý định mua thực phẩm hữu cơ. Trên cơ sở các kết quả phát hiện, nhóm tác giả đã đề xuất một số khuyến nghị đối với doanh nghiệp, cơ quan nhà nước, người tiêu dùng và nhà nghiên cứu để thúc đẩy sản xuất và tiêu dùng thực phẩm hữu cơ.
Límites a la participación ciudadana en la restauración: algunos casos
Authors: Bellido Blanco Antonio
Published: April 2024

Se presentan algunos ejemplos de cómo los ciudadanos son motor o parte implicada en los procesos de restauración de bienes culturales. Desde las aportaciones económicas a la crítica abierta, pasando por la actuación directa y el desarrollo de proyectos de restauración, se recogen algunas experiencias llevadas a cabo en los últimos años.
Entrevista al Ingeniero Víctor López-Cabrera
Authors: Pinillo Armando
Published: April 2024

La economía plateada se centra en el desarrollo y comercialización de productos y servicios específicamente diseñados para satisfacer las necesidades y preferencias de la población mayor. Esto incluye: Salud y Bienestar, Tecnología y Accesibilidad, Ocio y Estilo de Vida y Vivienda y Urbanismo.

    La economía plateada no sólo atiende las necesidades de un segmento creciente de la población, sino que también ofrece nuevas oportunidades de mercado y empleo para todos, y promueve la innovación en diversos sectores. Además, plantea desafíos únicos, como la necesidad de políticas públicas que respalden el envejecimiento activo y saludable.
Entrevista a Gisela Sánchez Maroto, primera mujer presidenta ejecutiva del Banco Centroamericano de Integración Económica (BCIE)
Authors: Berbey Álvarez Aránzazu
Published: April 2024

Sánchez-Maroto es Ingeniera industrial y cuenta con una Maestría en Administración de Empresas, es especialista en Estrategia, Finanzas y Mercadeo de la Universidad de Northwestern, Kellog School of Management.

    Ha trabajado como consultora para gobiernos, ONG y compañías en Centroamérica en las áreas de competitividad y responsabilidad social empresarial. Trabajó como investigadora y coordinadora de proyectos del Centro Latinoamericano para la Competitividad y Desarrollo Sostenible del INCAE Business School y en el 2001, inició su trabajo en la Fundación AVINA en Latinoamérica donde ocupó la posición de gerente de iniciativas estratégicas apoyando el desarrollo de líderes sociales y ambientales en la región latinoamericana.

    Ha sido directora regional de estrategia de BAC Credomatic, en 2008 fue directora de Relaciones Corporativas de Florida Ice & Farm Company (FIFCO), siendo fundadora de una división dedicada a la nutrición de personas marginadas.  Lideró en 2010 Amcham asumiendo posteriormente la presidencia.  En enero de 2023 fue nombrada presidenta de la Fundación Crusa dedicada a la tecnología y desarrollo sostenible.

    En 2023 se convirtió en la primera mujer elegida para asumir la Presidencia Ejecutiva del Banco Centroamericano de Integración Económica.​ Fue elegida el noviembre del 2023 al frente de este organismo financiero regional durante una reunión extraordinaria de la Asamblea de Gobernadores conformada por los ministros de Hacienda y Finanzas de los países miembros de la entidad realizada en Tegucigalpa, siendo la primera mujer en los más de 60 años de historia del organismo en estar al frente de este organismo.​