bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PROTOCOLS ON TISSUE CULTURE MICROPROPRIATION IN EUPHORBIA MILII
Authors: Pinar Hasan , Bulbul Seyma , Uzun Aydın
Published: October 2023

In recent years, with the emergence of some important species in the field of ornamental plants, the interest in some species naturally grown in nature has started to increase and the Euphorbia milii species has started to create related demands both in commercial and hobby terms. In order to meet these demands, seedlings produced by appropriate methods are needed. Clonal propagation is very important in Euphorbia milii as in other fruit species. Tissue culture techniques are the leading methods in clonal propagation. Although there are various studies on production by tissue culture technique in Euphorbia milii species, it is known that different protocols used in tissue culture have different micropropagation efficiency. However, when commercial production is started, determining the most effective protocol and increasing the micropropagation efficiency will contribute to the reduction of both time and inputs. Studies on in vitro micropropagation have been carried out in Euphorbia milii plant and successful results have been obtained in each study. However, it is still not known exactly which protocol is more successful in the materials to be studied. From this point of view, in this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different protocols on the micropropagation efficiency of Euphorbia milii plants. In present study, 3 different plant tissue culture protocol were used and, as obtained results, although plantlets were obtained from 3 protocols, the most successful protocol was the P1 protocol. The obtained findings are of a quality that can contribute to tissue culture production of Euphorbia milii plant and other scientific studies.
Dampak dan Strategi Tata Kelola Akademik terhadap Kualitas Kinerja Pendidikan Perguruan Tinggi Swasta
Authors: Sukidin Sukidin , Widagdo Suwignyo , Amrulloh Muhammad Sholahuddin
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak tata kelola akademik di perguruan tinggi swasta terhadap kualitas kinerja universitas. Studi ini diterapkan pada perguruan tinggi swasta, yang dibedakan oleh beberapa departemen. Unit inspeksi diwakili oleh anggota staf pengajar dan administrasi di perguruan tinggi yang diteliti, dan jumlah mereka adalah 329 sampel. Pendekatan analitis deskriptif dalam penelitian ini mencapai beberapa hasil dalam penerapan tata kelola akademik di perguruan tinggi swasta, perguruan tinggi yang diteliti bekerja pada pengembangan kemampuan karyawan melalui pembelajaran dan pengetahuan yang tersedia. Serangkaian rekomendasi yang disajikan adalah: Perguruan tinggi swasta harus fokus pada praktik tata kelola akademik karena ini adalah metodologi yang cocok untuk bekerja di lingkungan yang sangat kompetitif, sehingga peluang keunggulan dalam hal kinerja untuk perguruan tinggi ini, bekerja dalam memberikan pengetahuan terintegrasi untuk mencapai kinerja pendidikan yang berkualitas dan sesuai dengan persyaratan pasar tenaga kerja dari berbagai disiplin ilmu.
Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Mental Health from a Psychological Perspective: A Review of the Contemporary Literature
Authors:   Dean of the Faculty of Foreign Languages - Social Sciences, Ba Ria - Vung Tau University, Vietnam, Xuan Vu Huong,
Published: October 2023

Social media has become deeply embedded in society, with most individuals spending several hours on platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter each day. While social media provides opportunities for connection, entertainment, and information, increasing research indicates use can negatively impact mental health. This paper reviews literature examining the psychological effects of social media on wellbeing. Key areas explored include social comparison and its links to depression and anxiety, exposure to idealized self-representation and impacts on body image, online harassment and cyberbullying, associations between social media addiction and mental distress, fear of missing out (FOMO), and sleep issues. The complex bi-directional relationship between social media and mental health is discussed, acknowledging both potential benefits and drawbacks. Recommendations are provided for individuals aiming to use social media in a psychologically healthy way, as well as areas needing further research. Ultimately, moderate usage paired with conscious digital habits may allow society to harness social media’s upsides while minimizing its risks to well-being.
Exploring Sustainable Leadership
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar School of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia Supervisor Math & Computer Skills Departments Academic Bridge Program, QF, Doha Qatar, Chaudhry Muhammad Jehanzaib , Noureen Sadia ,   Ph.D. Scholar Azman Hashim International Business School Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
Published: October 2023

It is widely believed that leadership is a fundamental element in transforming any organization into a sustainable organization and that the sustainable leadership allows a firmer and resilient solution to attain sustainability that is acceptable to all the key stakeholders in any organization. It is believed that organizations should discontinue to consider leadership as a tool to control employees. Although, sustainability, sustainable practices and sustainable leadership are the topics that have been discussed by many scholars and researchers, but the available literature suggests that for the effective implementation, more theoretical and practical study of the topic is required. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the notion of sustainable leadership to offer a conceptual framework encompassing sustainable leadership. This contemporary study reexamined the present structures, theories, and fine points of sustainable leadership conceptually and offer a combined conceptualized framework. The conceptualized blend of the literature encompassing the sustainable leadership theories in various perspectives prescribed by Hargreaves and Fink (2004), Davies (2007), Casserley and Critchley (2010), Avery and Bergsteiner (2011), and Steve Lambert (2011). These pivotal propositions are represented with the aim of unifying the core theories of sustainable leadership and organizing them for undemanding access for the future researchers.
Artificial Intelligence Powered Writing Tools as Adaptable Aids for Academic Writing: Insight from EFL College Learners in Writing Final Project
Authors:   Department of English Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, Ginting Pirman , Batubara Haris Muda ,   Department of English Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, Hasnah Yenni ,   Department of English Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Published: October 2023

This research investigates the viewpoint of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students about using Artificial Intelligence (AI) as writing aids for their culminating project. This study utilized a convenience sampling method to recruit 50 8th-semester students from public and private colleges in North Sumatra, Indonesia, who were completing their final assignments. Data was collected using open-ended questionnaires and interview approaches, while data analysis was performed using SPSS version 29.0. The results indicate that students favor the utilization of Artificial Intelligence in the composition of their culminating assignment. Despite the scarcity of Artificial Intelligence, it does not diminish their favorable perspective on the necessity of employing Artificial Intelligence as a writing aid. Students' positive perception of utilizing Artificial Intelligence in composing their final assignments influences the efficacy and caliber of their written work. Hence, the favorable viewpoint expressed by students regarding the utilization of Artificial Intelligence underscores the numerous benefits these writing tools offer in the completion of their final projects.
Comprehensive Approach to the Polycystic Kidney Disease Patient: Clinical and Therapeutic Strategies in the Management of a Multifaceted Pathology
Authors:   Hospital General Regional 110 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco., Emmanuel Montoya Torres , Saullette Martin Pantoja Soto Yitzhak ,   Hospital Regional “Dr. Manuel Cárdenas de la Vega” del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de Trabajadores del Estado, Culiacan, Sinaloa., David Said Molina Mendoza ,   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Sinaloa, México., Kevin Josue Meza Vega ,   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Sinaloa, México., Gutierrez Flores Hector ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Baja California, México.
Published: October 2023

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a heterogeneous, inherited clinical entity characterized by the formation of renal cysts, which can manifest with a wide range of symptoms and complications. This article comprehensively reviews advances in the diagnosis and treatment of PKD, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach ranging from primary care to specialized care in nephrology and urology. Management strategies for major symptoms such as low back pain, hypertension, and urologic complications are discussed, as well as the most recent therapeutic options, including vasopressin inhibitors and ongoing clinical trials. Furthermore, it highlights the relevance of patient education and early detection in the management of this pathology, in order to improve the quality of life and survival of patients with PKD. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the management of PKD, with a focus on the latest research and therapies, to guide health care professionals in making informed clinical decisions and providing patients with high-quality care in the context of this complex renal disease.
Study to Evaluate Serum Homocysteine Levels as Marker of Peripheral Arterial Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors:   Resident Doctor, Department of Surgery, SMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur., Gupta Dr. Gaurav , Dadhich Dr. Yogendra ,   Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, SMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur., Meena Dr. Laxmi Narayan ,   Senior Professor, Department of Surgery, SMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur., Jain Dr. Mohit ,   Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, SMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur.
Published: October 2023

Background: The study is aimed to evaluate the association between raised serum Homocysteine levels and severity of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) and its role as a prognostic marker in PVD. Thereby, Vitamin K therapy can be instituted for lowering Homocysteine levels as prophylaxis against cerebral and coronary events in PVD patients. Methods: The serum homocysteine levels was measured in all patients admitted for peripheral vascular disease of upper and/or lower limb and to correlate the abovevalues with Doppler ultrasonography (USG) in the duration between 2020-2022(18 months) Results: The comparison of homocysteine levels with Doppler shows corresponding significant increase in Serum homocysteine levels only in cases of moderate PVD. Statistical analysis with binary logistic regression does show a significant association with moderate severity of PVD and serum homocysteine levels with 80% predictability. Conclusions: There was significant association of homocysteinemia only in Moderate PVD with no statistically significant correlation with mild, severe cases of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and radiological normal cases, further large randomized trials are required to elucidate its clinical relevance in PAD as a prognostic marker of Severity.
Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Digital Literacy, and Student Self- Efficacy on Job Readiness of the Mechanical Engineering Skills Program at Vocational Schools in Yogyakarta City
Authors:   Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia, Noviyanto Agung Tri , Wijanarka Bernardus Sentot ,   Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze (1) the relationship of emotional factors to student work readiness in the Mechanical Engineering Expertise program at the Yogyakarta City Vocational High School. (2) digital skills on the student's work readiness in the Machining Engineering Expertise program at the Yogyakarta City Vocational School (3) self-efficacy towards student work readiness in the Mechanical Engineering Expertise program at the Yogyakarta City Vocational School (4) the effect of self-efficacy on student work readiness in the Mechanical Engineering Expertise program at the Yogyakarta City Vocational School. The method used was quantitative research. This research was conducted in five vocational high schools (VHS) of the Mechanical Engineering program in Yogyakarta. The subjects in this study were students in class XI. The population in this study amounted to 296 respondents. Sampling was determined using the purposive sampling technique with a total sample size of 184 respondents. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire on a Likert scale with four answer choices. Data analysis techniques using descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis showed that (1) emotional intelligence has an average value of 31.9 in the good category and affects work readiness by 10.11% with t count > t table (4,500 > 1,653). (2) Digital literacy has an average value of 31.15 in the good category, and digital literacy affects work readiness by 2.99% with t count > t table (2.355 > 1.653). (3) Self- efficacy has an average value of 38.51 in the good category and affects work readiness by 30.25% with t count > t table (8.843 > 1.653). (4) Emotional intelligence, digital literacy, and self-efficacy simultaneously contribute 61.6% with F count > F table (98.798 > 2.65). Based on the study's results, emotional intelligence, digital literacy, and self-efficacy positively and significantly influence job readiness
Foreshadowing Palamon’s Triumph and Arcite’s Defeat in Their Rivalry for Emily: An Exploration of Geoffrey Chaucer’s Knight’s Tale
Authors:   Département de Langues and Littératures, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Congo., MBON Armel
Published: October 2023

This article explores words and actions that foreshadow Palamon’s triumph and Arcite’s defeat in their rivalry for Emily in Geoffrey Chaucer’s ‘Knight’s Tale’. In fact, in accordance with Gustav Freytag’s pyramid about the plot structure, at the second step of the pyramid known as the inciting moment or narrative hook, Chaucer sets in motion the rising action of his story making up suspense. This suspense created by the question the author asks by the end of the first part of the tale in the form of ‘demande d’amour’, leaves free rein to uncertain predictions about the triumph or defeat of Palamon or Arcite involved in a merciless struggle for Emily, Hippolyta’s beautiful younger sister and Theseus’s sister-in-law. Thus, this paper purports to demonstrate that for a scrutineer, Palamon is found to be the winner and Arcite the loser from the outset, since there are words and actions that anticipate their triumph and defeat respectively. To detect those hints of triumph and defeat, a formalist approach is used as it emphasizes the form of a literary work to determine its meaning, focusing on literary elements, such as foreshadowing and back-shadowing, and how they work to create meaning.
Biology Critical Thinking Skill on Nutrient toward Indigenous (Rujak Cingur) Based E-Worksheet: Development and Validity
Authors:   Postgraduate, Master of Biology Education, State University of Surabaya, Indonesia, Rufiah Rufiah , Raharjo Raharjo ,   Associate Professor, Master of Biology Education, State University of Surabaya, Indonesia, Ducha Nur ,   Associate Professor, Master of Biology Education, State University of Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: October 2023

This research aims to (1) produce a biology e-worksheet based indigenous Rujak Cingur on nutrient (2) examine the value of feasibility of biology e-worksheet based indigenous Rujak Cingur on nutrient. This research uses 4D model. The model consists of 4 steps; (1) define, this stage aims to analysis the problem, (2) Design start to design product that will be developed according to the results of the needs in learning analysis, (3) Development, the process of creating and developing product according to design, (4) Disseminate to improve the product based on criticism and suggestions from the questionnaire responses done by respondents after using the developed product. Validity of the instrument is counted by the percentage agreement through the validation nutrient of media expert, material expert, and questionnaire responses of respondents. The results of these research and development are (1) produce a biology e-worksheet based indigenous Rujak Cingur on nutrient (2) the developed media own a high score of feasibility with a very good predicate. This shows that the developed learning media is feasible to use in learning.
The Current Issue of Sustainable Development for Construction Contractors in Vietnam
Authors:   Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Le Khanh
Published: October 2023

Sustainable development is a development that can meet current needs without affecting or harming the ability to meet the needs of future generations. In other words, sustainable development must ensure efficient economic development, social equity, and environmental preservation. Research on sustainable development and sustainable development in the construction industry is a valuable theoretical and practical topic. This article focuses on clarifying several issues related to sustainable development, the impacts of the construction industry on three aspects of sustainable development in Vietnam, and also highlights the current status of sustainable development practices among construction contractors in Vietnam, along with some solutions for sustainable development by construction contractors in Vietnam today.
The Influence of Competency, Compensation and Work Environment on Performance with Work Motivation as an Intervening Variable (Case Study of Agricultural Extension Instructors in Sikka Regency)
Authors:   Indonesia College of Economics (STIESIA) Surabaya, Indonesia, Selfianus Selfianus , Lestariningsih Marsudi ,   Indonesia College of Economics (STIESIA) Surabaya, Indonesia, Satrio Budi ,   Indonesia College of Economics (STIESIA) Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the influence of competence on performance, determine and analyze the influence of compensation on performance, determine and analyze the influence of the work environment on performance, determine and analyze the influence of work motivation on performance, determine and analyze the influence of work motivation which mediates competence on performance, knowing and analyzing the influence of work motivation which mediates compensation on performance, and knowing and analyzing the influence of work motivation which mediates the work environment on the performance of agricultural instructors in Sikka Regency. The sample in this study was all 50 ASN agricultural instructors in Sikka Regency. The data analysis technique uses path analysis. The results of the analysis show that competence has no effect on performance. Compensation has no effect on performance. The work environment has no effect on performance. Motivation has no effect on performance. Work motivation is able to act as an intervening variable or is able to mediate the influence of competency variables on employee performance. Work motivation is able to act as an intervening variable or is able to mediate the influence of compensation variables on employee performance. Work motivation is able to act as an intervening variable or is able to mediate the influence of work environment variables on performance. Work motivation is able to act as an intervening variable or is able to mediate the influence of competency variables on employee performance. Work motivation is able to act as an intervening variable or is able to mediate the influence of compensation variables on employee performance. Work motivation is able to act as an intervening variable or is able to mediate the influence of work environment variables on performance. Work motivation is able to act as an intervening variable or is able to mediate the influence of competency variables on employee performance. Work motivation is able to act as an intervening variable or is able to mediate the influence of compensation variables on employee performance. Work motivation is able to act as an intervening variable or is able to mediate the influence of work environment variables on performance.
MELANCOLIA, MEDO E MORTE:
Authors: Amaral Matos Xênia
Published: October 2023

O presente estudo é uma análise dos contos apresentados em Prosas Bárbaras (1903), de Eça de Queirós. Para tal, adota-se a perspectiva que as narrativas são permeadas por topoi góticos. Ou seja, discursos, imagens e recursos narrativos, os quais se repetem em diferentes obras, formando lugares-comuns. Dessa forma, é estudado como os contos comunicam-se com topoi preexistentes na tradição gótica. Busca-se compreensão dos efeitos negativos que esses recursos podem ocasionar no leitor. Nesta pesquisa, também é retomado o trajeto editorial dos contos que compõem Prosas Bárbaras, demonstrando que as narrativas, em sua maioria, pertencem à fase inicial da carreira de Eça de Queirós. Para compreender o gótico, pesquisadores como David Stevens (2000), G. Byron e D. Punter (2004), Nick Groom (2012), Fred Botting (2014) e Júlio França (2017) são mencionados.
Larvicidal Activity of Entomopathogenic Fungus, Paecilomyces Specie Against Fourth Instar Larvae of the Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Culicidae: Diptera)
Authors: Sani I.  , Suleiman M.  , Yusuf U  , Bandiya H.M.
Published: October 2023

Biological control potential of Paecilomyces spp against Culex quinquefasciatus was evaluated. Paecilomyces spp was isolated from soil using soil suspension method with selective isolation media. Bioassay was made to determine its efficacy against 4th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Three different concentrations; 1x106, 1x107 and 1x108conidia/ml were made and tested. Results showed that, mortality increased as the period of exposure increased and also increased as the conidia concentration increased. The mortality recorded in lowest dose of

106  conidia/ml was 50%, and again 70% mortality was recorded at dose of 107 conidia/ml.

Whereas highest dose level of 108conidia/ml caused high mortality of up to 80%. The lethal concentration causing 50% mortality (LC50) of 4th instars larvae of C. quinquefasciatus was also varied according to concentration of spores and duration of exposure. The result showed that LC50 values of PaecilomycesSpp isolate were5.3×108, 3.8 x 107, 2.0 x 106 and 2.3 x 107conidia/ml after 24, 48, 72 and 96 Hours exposure respectively. These results indicated that Paecilomyces spp isolated was pathogenic to immature stage of C.quinquefasciatu and could be suggested for development as a biological control for mosquitos’ management.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection among HIV-1 Infected Adult Patients Attending Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Anejo-Okopi, A. Joseph  , Ejeliogu, U. Emeka  , Gomerep, Simji  , Okojokwu, O. Julius  , Okechalu, Juliet  , Oguchukwu, C. Sandra  , Lar, M. Patricia
Published: October 2023

Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of chronic diarrhoea in HIV-1infected patients, but there is paucity of data on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and factors associated with the infection. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection among HIV-1 infected adult patients at Jos University Teaching hospital, Jos, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study in which a total of 296 fecal specimens from HIV-1 infected patients with diarrhea was collected and structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. The fecal samples were examined for Cryptosporidium by formol-ether concentration and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique, and the oocysts identified by microscopy. Two hundered and ninrty six feacal samples where analyse from156 (52.7%) females and 140(47.3%) males. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among HIV-1 infected patients was 4.7%. Among females 9 (5.8%) had Cryptosporidium infection while (5)3.6% in males; P=0.696. The age group 21-30 years had the highest prevalence of (8)10.0%. A statistically significant association of Cryptosporidium infection was observed with rural type of residence, P=0.046. In conclusion the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among HIV-1 infected adult patients with diarrhea was low. This may be due to early commencement of antiretroviral drugs and the use of anti-parasitic prophylaxis among the patients. Further larger studies on the molecular identification of the species of Cryptosporidium are needed to determine the available zoonotic strains.
Prevalence and Severity of Malaria Infection among Pregnant Women across the Three (3) Tiers of Healthcare Facilities in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Dantata, A.A.  , Oyeyi, T.I.  , Galadanci, H.S.
Published: October 2023

High prevalence of malaria infection has been recorded in different parts of Nigeria including Kano State. In this study, three levels of healthcare facilities were represented, in order to assess the general prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women across the three tiers, in Kano metropolis. A hospital-based cross-sectional prevalence study was carried out to establish the prevalence and severity of peripheral malaria parasitaemia in pregnant women. A total of six hundred participants were selected from the three categories of healthcare facilities. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared by Giemsa staining, for the presence, identification and quantification of the parasites. The overall prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women in Kano metropolis was 59.7% and most cases (70.7%) had scanty infection (+). The most prevalent species was P. falciparum, accounting for 98.9% of positive cases. All the participants from the primary healthcare facility were parasitaemic and accounted for 55.9% of all the positive cases, whereas the secondary and tertiary accounted for only 17.3% and 26.8% respectively. There was a high (59.7%) prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women in Kano metropolis. There should be more efforts towards controlling malaria infection among pregnant women in Kano metropolis. Also, this epidemiological study needs to be repeated at regular intervals for monitoring purpose.
A Review on Current Trend in the Management of Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Abdullahi Samaila  , Musa Sani Kaware
Published: October 2023

Necrotizing fasciitis an inflammatory and infectious disease condition affecting the fascia with the secondary involvement of soft tissues and skin. This infection is associated with progressive necrosis of any of the layers in the soft tissue compartment. The infection is commonly polymicrobial and sometimes methicillin resistant staphylococcal infection. It affects various parts of the body in males, females and paediatric age groups. It is a worldwide disease of public health concern and the mortality rate could be up to 100% if not diagnosed and treated early. It is classified based on the causative microorganisms and part of the body affected. There are four important types based on microbiological classification as follows; 1) Type 1 necrotizing fasciitis (polymicrobial infection), 2) type 2 (Monomicrobial Gram-positive organisms), 3) type 3 (Gram-negative monobacteria typically marine-related organisms). 4) Type 4 (Fungal infection). The diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis comprises of multidisciplinary approach to include Microbiologists, Histopathologists, as well as Medical and Surgical teams. The clinical evaluation of the patient and laboratory analysis of the samples obtained from the wound site, will guide for appropriate treatment of the infection. The management includes immediate resuscitation of the patient, early administration of broad-spectrum parenteral antibiotics to cover for gram-positive, gram-negative, aerobes and anaerobic organisms such as cephalosporins, penicillins, quinolones, vancomycin, clindamycin and metronidazole. Empirical antibiotic treatment is considered before the result of culture and sensitivity is out Aggressive wound debridement in theatre provides a favourable outcome.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Out - Patients visiting General Hospital
Authors: Badamasi, M.  , Liadi, Y.M.
Published: October 2023

A major public health challenge is posed by gastrointestinal parasitic infections in humans mainly in developing countries across the Globe. In a bid to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites infections among outpatients visiting General hospital Malumfashi LGA of Katsina state,  a total of 200 stool samples were randomly collected. The stool samples were processed and examined macrospically and microspically by using direct smear method. The result showed the prevalence of intestinal parasites infection to be 26.00%. The age group of 51-above had the highest prevalence of 73.33%, while the least 15.12% prevalence was among the age group of 1-10. Gender wise, males had a prevalence of 26.67% while females had 25.00%. On the basis of parasites observed, Hookworm had the highest prevalence with 10%, while  Enterobius vermicularis had the least prevalence with 0.5%. According to this result, it is apparent that the inhabitants of the study area are faced with problems of parasitic infections. Therefore, there is the need for public enlightenment to promote environmental hygiene throughout the study area and advise the inhabitants of the area to ensure proper awareness on environmental hygiene through enlightenment programmes on the incidences and transmission of intestinal parasites.
The Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection among Primary School Pupils in Dantube, Dawakin-Kudu Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Rabiu Adamu  , Mohammad Haruna
Published: October 2023

Study on the epidemiology of hookworm infection (Ancyclostomiasis and Necatoriasis) was conducted among primary school pupils in Dantube, Dawakin kudu local government Area of Kano State, between August,2015 to January, 2016. Of the 400 samples collected and examined 290 (72.5%) were positive for single or multiple infections. The prevalence of the infection was significantly higher among males (69.31%, p-value 0.102) than females (30.68%, p-value 0.147) (p < 0.05). Children in the age group 10 – 12 years had highest prevalence (92.68%) of hookworm infection and those between the ages of 13 – 15 years had (26.56%) the least infection. Those children who defecate in bush were more likely to be infected than those who use modern toilet facility (R = 0.6). Analysis of the responses from the questionnaire shows that parents occupation, civil servant (odd ratio = 4.381) and business (odd ratio = 3.147) shows a strong relationship between prevalence of the disease and risk factor in the research area. Walking with bare foot (odd ratio = 2.142) especially in areas where the soil is dump and moist throughout the year exposed the subject to infection. Hand washing activities (odd ratio = 3.71) have statistical significant effect on the prevalence of the infection. Personal hygiene, public health enlightenment programme should be encouraged particularly among school age children in the research area.
Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Biogas Production from Mixture of Animal Waste and Pistia stratioles (Water Lettuce)
Authors: Sanusi A.  , Abdulkadir B.  , Baki, A.S.
Published: October 2023

Biogas was produced from the mixture of Sheep dung and Water lettuce (Pistia stratioles) in the ratio of 2:1 and 1:2 over a period of 77 days. Proximate analysis was done to determine the physicochemical parameters of each dried sample. Daily temperature of the laboratory, initial and final pH of the digesters containing slurry was recorded. This work was done to investigate the production of biogas from the mixture of sheep dung and water lettuce in other to improve the biogas production. Proximate analysis was done according to the methods described by Khanadainal and Malidi (1981) and AOAC (1990). Sheep dung and water lettuce was mixed in  the ratio of 2:1 and 1:2 each in 900g empty milk tin and mixed with water to form slurry. Initial pH of each slurry was determined by inserting a digital pH meter. Final pH was determined after digestion. The gas was collected through a pipe connected to the digester which was inserted in to a measuring cylinder filled with water and inverted in a container with water. Physical parameters determined for both sheep dung and water lettuce respectively includes: Moisture (11% and 8.5%), Volatile Solid (6.2% and 8.7%) and Ash (19.5% and 44.5%). Initial and final pH of each digester was (7.30 and 7.20), and (6.67 and 6.38) for 2:1 and 1:2 ratio respectively. A total biogas of 17983.33cm3 and 8546.67cm3 were recorded by 2:1 and 1:2 ratio of sheep dung and water lettuce respectively. The production temperature ranges from 28oC to 36oC. Nature of substrates affect biogas production as revealed in this research.
Detection of Quinolone Resistance Genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection attending Some Selected Hospitals in Irbid, Jordan
Authors: Idris, S.L.  , Shboul, S.A.  , Dabo, N.T.
Published: October 2023

The incidence of resistant clinical bacteria associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) has been on the increase worldwide. Urinary tract is the most common site of infection for Klebsiella spp. Clinical isolates of fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriacea are emerging worldwide. The present study was designed to detect the presence of quinolone resistance genes: Chromosome and Plasmid mediated genes (PMQR) in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in patients attending some selected hospitals in Irbid, Jordan. One hundred and twelve isolates (112) of K. pneumoniae were collected from patients diagnosed with UTI from cultures available at the Microbiology laboratory at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH), Princess Basma Hospital, Prince Rashed Hospital and King Hussein Medical center between January 2014-June 2014. The bacterial isolates were identified as K. Pneumoniae morphologically and biochemically. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial susceptibility to the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents: Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Levofloxacin, Enoxacin, Moxifloxacin and Gatifloxacin. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers to the fluoroquinolone genes was carried out to detect the presence of the genes: gyrA, parC, aac (6′)-Ib- cr and qepA. Sequencing of the positive strains for the quinolone resistance genes was carried out to determine the nucleotide sequence and compare it with the nucleotide sequence of the reference strains. Plasmid profile was conducted to relate the number and size of plasmids with antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates. Antimicrobial resistance ranged from 23.2% for Levofloxacin and Enoxacin to 28.6% for Moxifloxacin. Out of the 38 resistant isolates 19(50 %) expressed the PMQR gene aac (6′)-Ib- cr, none of the isolates expressed the efflux pump PMQR gene qepA, 5(13 %) expressed gyrA and 6(16 %) expressed parC chromosome genes. Plasmid profile of PMQR positive and negative strains showed plasmids with the same size (23,130bp). Nucleotide sequence of genes of positive strains in our study showed high percentage of identity with sequence of the reference strains. The most effective fluoroquinolones against urinary tract K. pneumoniae the isolate is Enoxacin, Levofloxacin and Ofloxacin. Our study found high prevalence of the PMQR gene aac (6′)-Ib-cr in the urinary K. pneumoniae (50%), this is alarming as the genes are located on plasmid which could be easily transferred by conjugation.
Biogas Production from Cow Dung for Sustainable Energy Generation
Authors: Fatima Mukhtar  , Aliyu Abubakar  , Ummasalma Aliyu Saulawa  , Hadiza Garba
Published: October 2023

Microbial degradation of organic material under aerobic and anaerobic conditions is a key process within the natural metabolism of ecosystem. This term is often used in relation to energy, waste management and is now commonly associated with the anaerobic generation of methane. Microbial degradation and Biogas production from cow dung was investigated. Fresh cow dung was collected from Abattoir, Katsina State, Nigeria. The sample was collected in a large clean plastic container. Batch type anaerobic digesters were designed using Karki’s Biogas model. The produced biogas was collected by water displacement method. The production started on the sixth day of fermentation and followed an increasing trend. It reached its peak on the seventeenth day before a gradual fall in production rate. The Physico-chemical and microbiological analysis of the animal wastes were carried out before, during and after the digestion process. The pH range was 6.51 - 7.89. The temperature remained at mesophilic range (25-45oC) throughout the study. Data on % total solids, and ash content were also determined. The total aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts ranged from 8.5 × 106 - 2.3 × 107 and 1.5 × 106- 1.2 × 107 cfu/ml, respectively. The bacteria isolated were Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium sp. Biogas production from cow dung is a good and cheap alternative source of energy. The use of biogas will not only serve as a source of fuel but will also help in the management of waste. Large scale production of biogas from wastes should be undertaken as the wastes around you can be converted to wealth.
Serosurvey of Human T-Lymphotrophic Virus Type 1 Secondary Infection among People Living with Hiv/Aids in Dutse Metropolis, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Yahaya  , Usman Aliyu Dutsinma  , Yusuf Mohammed
Published: October 2023

Human T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a causative agent of tropic spastic paraparesis and adult T-cell leukaemia, Evidence is accumulating that HTLV-1 may be responsible for some degree of subclinical immune suppression that may results in increased rate of HIV. Sixty (60) people living with HIV/AIDS consisting of 20 males and 40 females were recruited in this study. HIV diagnosis was confirmed using Nigerian National Serial Algorithm for HIV test. ELISA technique was used for the detection of HTLV-1 IgG and IgM antibodies, and Cyflow partec was used for CD4 count. The prevalence of HTLV-1 IgG and IgM antibodies among HIV subjects was 15% and 6.6% respectively. Male patients have a percentage prevalence of 4(6.6%) and female 5(8.3%) of IgG antibodies, IgM antibodies prevalence was 2(3.3%) for male and female each respectively. CD4 Counts of the HIV subjects was evaluated which reveals that patients with counts 0-200cells/µl tested negative to HTLV-1 IgG and IgM antibodies. Conclusion: The percentage prevalence recorded in this study shows that HTLV-1 infection is relatively high compared to the previous studies even though limited information was obtained in relation to HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection in these study area.
Study on Physico-Chemical Parameters and Prevalence of Fish Parasites in Jibia Reservoir, Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Abba, A. M.  , Abdulkarim, B.  , Omenesa, R. L.  , Abdulhamid, Y.  , Mudassir I
Published: October 2023

A study was carried out to determine the relationship between physico-chemical parameters and prevalence of helminth parasites of fishes in Jibia Reservoir, Katsina State. Fishes and water samples were collected on monthly basis and analyzed. Fish samples were analyzed following standard parasitological technique and water analysis procedures was used to determine water quality. Seven species of helminth parasites were identified and these include Trematode: Neascus sp, Nematodes: Procamallanus laevionchus and Contracaecum sp, Cestodes

:Polyonchobothrium clarias, Bothriocephalus aegyptiacus and Proteocephalus glanduliger and Acanthocephalan: Neoechinorhynchus rutili. Prevalence was found to be highest (55.88%) in January and the least prevalence (21.74%) was recorded in August. A t- test revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the monthly prevalence of parasitic infection. There were variations in the monthly values of investigated physico-chemical parameters, though it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The percentage of parasitic infection showed a perfect positive correlation with temperature (r=0.783), pH (r=0.250), Electric Conductivity (r=0.514), and Biological Oxygen Demand (r=0.135) and a negative correlation with Turbidity (r=-0.145) and Dissolved Oxygen (r=-0.699). However, further studies are recommended with greater intervals in order to identify the effects of physico-chemical parameters in the infestation success of helmith parasites in the study area.
Confirmation of Symptomatic Tuberculosis Using Gene Xpert (MTB/RIF) among Patients within Zuru Emirate Council, Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkadir B.  , Ibrahim M.A.
Published: October 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infectious disease which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and is spread from person to person via airborne droplets. It is among the 12 Global disease of epidemic importance that needs a periodic surveillance for better prevention and control. It primarily affects the lungs. Gene Xpert MTB/RIF (GXMR) is an automated, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for detecting TB as well as rifampicin resistance (RIFR). It remains the only fully automated cartridge based test which can detect both TB and RIFR in less than two hours. This survey aimed at assessing GXMR among Symptomatic TB Patients within Zuru Emirate Council, Kebbi State. It was prospective cross-sectional survey conducted among 185 GXMR attendees at Martha Bamaiyi General Hospital Zuru. GXMR test was conducted for all the participants. IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 Statistical Software was used for statistical analysis. The prevalence of TB and RIFR were 32 (17.3%) and 0 (0%) respectively. Among sex, male had higher prevalence of 19 (59.4%) than female 13 (40.6%). For prevalence among age group, 15 (46.9%) was the highest in 25-34 years. Overall prevalence of HIV was 40 (21.62%) while the prevalence of HIV among TB positive patients was 4 (12.5%). Among the local government areas, Danko/Wasagu had the highest prevalence of 17 (53.1%) followed by Zuru 7 (21.9%) while Fakai and Sakaba were having the least prevalence of 4 (12.5%) respectively. The rural settlement had the highest prevalence of 18 (56.3%) while urban and semi-urban had 7 (21.85%) respectively. The study indicates the need to aggressively deploy personnel and chemotherapeutic facilities to cover the population in the area.
Seroprevalence Survey of Rubella IgG Antibodies among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekuma, Uchechukwu Onyeukwu  , Ogbu, Ogbonnaya  , Okolo, Martin-Luther Oseni  , Edeh, Peter Anyigor  , Eda, Ogbuinya Elom  , Nkwoemeka, Ndidi Ethel
Published: October 2023

Rubella is a mild, contagious viral infection that is endemic worldwide and poses a serious threat to infants and pregnant women. It causes a spectrum of severe birth defects like congenital rubella syndrome, abortions and still birth if the infection occurs within the first trimester of pregnancy. The Seroprevalence of rubella IgG antibodies was investigated among 187 pregnant women attending Mile Four Hospital (MFH) Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. Blood specimens were collected from the subjects and sera extracted. The sera were screened for rubella virus immunoglobulin G antibody (IgG) using ELISA test Kit (Micro Immune limited, UK). The results obtained were subjected to SPSS system and Chi square test for significant difference at 95% confidence interval. Of the 187 pregnant women tested, 174(93.05 %) were positive for the rubella virus IgG. This study revealed that all the subjects who were 41 years and above tested positive 5(100.00%), whereas those who were 15 years and below 2 subjects had the prevalence rate of 50.00%. Pregnant women in their third, first and second trimesters had prevalence rates of 95.75%, (95.35%) and 86.95% accordingly. Samples tested shows that unmarried women were more infected with anti- rubella IgG of 94.44% recorded, then followed by married women with 93.79% and divorcee had 90.91%. However, widows had the least prevalence rate of 84.62%. Occupationally, women civil servants had prevalence rate of 97.56%. Educationally, pregnant women with tertiary education were more infected, rubella virus amounting to 96.61%. More infection was found among women living in rural areas with 93.59% rate, than their urban counterparts who had 92.66%. Furthermore, primigravida women were more infected (95.16%). The Sero-prevalence of rubella in this study was high and it calls for general surveillance and mass immunization of children and females of child bearing age.
Role of Human Pappillomavirus and Cervical Cancer in Developing Countries: A Current Trend in Africa
Authors: Hayatudeen, M.R.  , Bashir, A.
Published: October 2023

Cervical cancer is a relatively rare disease in countries that have instituted and maintained national screening programs, with call and recall of women at various intervals and built-in quality control with appropriate monitoring and evaluation. Unfortunately, this process has failed in most areas of the world where more than 80% of new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women, with worldwide annual incidence and mortality rates of 528,000 and 266,000, respectively. It is well established that cervical cancer is predominantly caused by a persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of cervical cells. Increasing numbers of studies have investigated HPV and cervical cancer, contributing greatly to the global knowledge and unraveling some of the critical questions regarding HPV transmission, infection, and prevention. Treatment of cervical cancer in Africa is hampered by the lack of diagnostic and treatment facilities, lack of healthcare infrastructure and poor pathology services. Furthermore, there is a significant brain drain of trained healthcare workers in Africa that exacerbates the problem. Cancer is becoming an increasingly important public health problem as more people live longer. It is time to develop programs for the prevention, early detection, treatment, and palliation of cancer sufferers in Africa. Therefore, this review describes the current status of HPV in developing countries, presenting some of the existing challenges in implementing cervical screening and HPV vaccination programs.
Candidiasis Opportunistic Mycosis within Nigeria: A Review
Authors: Sule, H.,  , Kumurya, A. S.  , Shema F. B.
Published: October 2023

Candidiasis as a disease is sometimes synonymous with woman folk and most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. But the disease generally has no border, as it affects males, females, old, young and middle age persons. Environmental changes encourage over-growth of the opportunistic pathogens Candida spp. The review aimed to assess different presentations of diseases due to Candida species in some states in Nigeria, covering Northwest, South-west, South-south and South-eastern parts of the country. Data was obtained through literature search of work from previous researchers. It was observed based on the review that candidiasis is a factor of many different species of the genus Candida but Candida albican is the predominant cause of the illiness, with other non albican Candida, contributing the remaining percentage. It was also discovered that HIV infection, pregnancy, diabetis abuse of antibiotics and generally immunocompromise status are among the predisposing factors of the disease. It was also discovered that age group of 20-30 which is an active age group in women are more prone to candidisis.