bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enforced disappearance as a form of psychological torture: Evidence from the Ayotzinapa Case (México)
Authors: Huerta Perez Natalia , Esgareño Edith
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: To analyse the impacts of forced disappearance as a form of psychological torture in the forced disappearance of students known as the Ayotzinapa Case (Mexico). To make visible the effects of impunity.
Method: Historical and documentary analysis. Interviews with two groups of people affected: 1) relatives of the 43 young students who disappeared; 2) young students that survived. Analysis of the information obtained from the group and individual clinical interventions carried out during three months.
Results. In both groups, various impacts related to political violence were identified, in particular forced disappearance, which leads us to consider that the criteria for torture are fulfilled and especially the elements derived from the subsequent re-victimising action of the State in the investigations and the impunity derived from the lack of access to justice and truth.
Conclusion: In addition to the enforced disappearance itself and its impacts, the suffering resulting from the State’s subsequent processes must be analysed.
Keywords: Psychological torture, forced disappearance, impunity.
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Español
El artículo tiene como propósito analizar los indicios de tortura psicológica en los familiares de los desaparecidos y los estudiantes sobrevivientes del caso de Ayotzinapa, a raíz de la desaparición forzada, la ejecución extrajudicial  de los estudiantes y los mecanismos de impunidad liderados por el estado. Se utilizó como metodología, el análisis del discurso de las víctimas a través intervenciones clínicas grupales e individuales durante 3 meses. Los resultados de las entrevistas mostraron sentimientos de humillación, culpa y deterioro a nivel físico, psicológico, familiar  y social a raíz de los eventos ocurridos el 26 de septiembre, así como el incremento del deterioro derivado de la falta de justicia, la criminalización y la impunidad por parte de funcionarios del estado. Por lo tanto se concluye que si hay incidencia de tortura psicológica en las víctimas del caso de Ayotzinapa. El trabajo busca evidenciar la relación entre la tortura psicológica y la desaparición forzada en los familiares.
 
Keywords: Tortura psicológica, desaparición forzada y ejecución extrajudicial.
Involuntary admission and treatment of mentally ill patients – the role and accountability of mental health review boards
Authors:   Department of Jurisprudence, School of Law, College of Law, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, Swanepoel M , Mahomed S
Published: January 2022

The involuntary admission or treatment of a mentally ill individual is highly controversial, as it may be argued that such intervention infringes on individual autonomy and the right to choose a particular treatment. However, this argument must be balanced with the need to provide immediate healthcare services to a vulnerable person who cannot or will not make a choice in his or her own best interests at a particular time. A study carried out in Gauteng Province, South Africa (SA), highlighted the fact that the annual rate of involuntary admissions increased by almost double from 2007 to 2008. This could indicate that healthcare providers are not treating patients without their consent only when this is absolutely necessary. Alternatively, it could indicate that healthcare professionals are more aware of the provisions of the Mental Health Care Act and relevant national policy guidelines. Or it could suggest that more patients are presenting with mental illnesses or disorders that require their involuntary admission. It remains for strategies to be developed that change negative perceptions and inequities for individuals with mental illness. Above all, the strategies should be underpinned by inalienable respect for mentally ill individuals – a concept that was blatantly disregarded in the Life Esidimeni case. In this article, we highlight the functions of mental health review boards and their accountability where involuntary admissions are concerned, while emphasising the protections for mentally ill persons as a vulnerable population group, as set out in the SA Constitution.
Involuntary admission and treatment of mentally ill patients – the role and accountability of mental health review boards
Authors:   SnT Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg, and School of Law, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Botes M
Published: January 2022

No known cure exists for COVID-19, and medical practitioners are exhausted and at their wits’ end trying to find treatments that prevent patients from ending up in hospital or intensive care, or even dying. A variety of treatments tried by medical practitioners include standard registered medicine, investigational or so-called experimental, unapproved or preapproved medicines, emergency or compassionate-use authorised medicine and pre-market approved medicine. However, the medicines that can be accessed via each of these categories are at different stages of efficacy testing and knowledge about adverse effects, dosages and risks. To obtain ethical and legal informed consent, medical practitioners must deal with a lot of medical uncertainty, and care must be taken to ensure that the patient understands the difference in risks they may be willing to take depending on the medicine’s stage of development. Often additional information is required to obtain ethical consent as opposed to legal consent. A purely legal approach to informed consent, especially when dealing with the medical uncertainties of health emergencies and pandemics, may lead to patients’ consent lacking in enough substance to be truly considered legal and ethical. Informed consent as respect for autonomy in this sense requires more than the patient’s explicit agreement or compliance with a certain treatment proposal. This article explains the difference in consent content attached to each different stage of a medicine’s development, especially considering the additional difficulties posed by obtaining truly informed consent during a pandemic with uncertain characteristics, treatment and solutions.
Failed extubation in a tertiary-level hospital intensive care unit, Pretoria, South Africa
Authors:   Department of General Surgery, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa, Magose L G , Koto M Z
Published: January 2022

Background and objective. A prospective cohort study sought to measure the incidence and outcomes of failed extubation in Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital intensive care unit (ICU), as well as to identify possible factors associated with failed extubation. Methods. Data were collected over a 6-month period from 1 July 2015 to 31 December 2015. Pre-intubation parameters recorded on the data collection sheet included secretions, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), fluid balance, Tobin index, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), comorbidities and weaning method. Results. A total of 242 patients were enrolled over the 6-month study period. Of the 242 patients, 86 were excluded owing to pre-set exclusion criteria (death before extubation; tracheostomy before extubation; re-intubation >72 hours post extubation). An extubation failure rate of 16.7% (n=26) was observed. The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the failed extubation group was 19.23%, whereas death was recorded in 42.31% of patients who failed extubation. The average length of ICU stay in the reintubated group was 11.58 days, and 4.04 days for successfully extubated patients. Only low GCS had a statistically significant impact on failed extubation: p=0.0025; odds ratio (OR) for low v. normal 5.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78 - 14.79). Other predictor variables measured did not reach statistical significance. Weaning method: p=0.3737, OR for No T-piece v. T-piece 1.65 (95% CI 0.547 - 4.976); comorbidities: p=0.5914, OR for two or more comorbidities v. no comorbidities 2.079 (95% CI 0.246 - 17.539), no comorbidities v. single comorbidity 0.802 (95% CI 0.211 - 3.043); fluid balance: p=0.6625, OR for negative v. positive fluid balance 0.571 (95% CI 0.170 - 1.916), OR for neutral v. positive fluid balance <0.001 (95% CI <0.001 - >999.999); pCO2: p=0.7510, OR for high v. normal pCO2 1.344 (95% CI 0.346 - 5.213), OR for low v. normal pCO2 1.515 (95% CI 0.501 - 4.576); PaO2: p=0.4405, OR for high v. normal 1.156 (95% CI 0.382 - 3.494); OR for low v. normal PaO2 2.638 (95% CI 0.553 - 12.587); Tobin index (Fischer’s exact test): p=0.7476. Conclusion. Low pre-extubation GCS is a predictor of failed extubation.
Teresa García Gómez (2021). Palabras y pedagogía desde Paulo Freire.
Authors: Fernández-Prados Juan Sebastián
Published: January 2022

Durante el centenario del nacimiento del pensador y pedagogo Paulo Freire (Recife, Brasil, 19 de septiembre 1921) se han realizado numerosos eventos, conferencias y congresos, pero sin duda el mejor homenaje es mostrar la vigencia y el vigor de su pensamiento y obra.
Thinking contexts in Southern Europe education policy analysis: towards a literature review
Authors: Pons Xavier
Published: January 2022

This article presents the very first findings of a scoping literature review on how scholars who work on French, Italian and Portuguese education policies consider and possibly conceptualise policy contexts in their analysis. Going through 175 articles published either in English or in French, it shows that the authors in the publications studied tend to contextualise little the analysis of education policies and that when they do so, there are no specific contextualisation operations for authors working on Southern European countries. Nevertheless, the presence of different analytical sensitivities from one country to another, as well as the still numerous limitations of our method, which is still in progress, suggest that the construction of a specific problematisation space remains possible, particularly around the logics of vernacularisation of global policy statements and requirements.
Luces y sombras de la educación infantil 0-3 en Andalucía: condiciones de acceso y escolarización
Authors: Río Ruiz Manuel Ángel , Martín Gimeno Rubén , Ortega Gómez María
Published: January 2022

El artículo examina diferentes facetas de la Educación Infantil 0-3 en Andalucía.  Se analizan las características e historia reciente del modelo implantado aquí en el contexto de la Educación 0-3 estatal. El análisis revela una gran expansión reciente de la escolaridad en todos los años de este ciclo, pero basada en la multiplicación de una oferta de centros infantiles privados concertados infrafinanciados, en dificultades económicas, muy condicionados por ello a cumplir mínimos de proyectos asistenciales. Todo ello limita muchas veces la calidad y eficacia pedagógica que se viene crecientemente demandando a este ciclo. El análisis también identifica exclusiones por motivos económicos, pero que afectan menos a las familias más vulnerables de menos recursos por debajo del umbral de la pobreza que a las familias de clases populares que se autoexcluyen o retrasan al máximo la matriculación al carecer de bonificaciones, incentivos económicos y derechos a plazas gratuitas.
Identification of key genes and biological pathways in Chinese lung cancer population using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Liu Ping , Li Hui , Liao Chunfeng , Tang Yuling , Li Mengzhen , Wang Zhouyu , Wu Qi , Zhou Yun
Published: January 2022

Background

Identification of accurate prognostic biomarkers is still particularly urgent for improving the poor survival of lung cancer patients. In this study, we aimed to identity the potential biomarkers in Chinese lung cancer population via bioinformatics analysis.

Methods

In this study, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lung cancer were identified using six datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, enrichment analysis was conducted to evaluate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in progression of lung cancer. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and CytoHubba analysis were performed to determine the hub genes. The GEPIA, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Kaplan-Meier plotter, and TIMER databases were used to explore the hub genes. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of hub genes. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the expression levels of hub genes in 10 pairs of lung cancer paired tissues.

Results

A total of 499 overlapping DEGs (160 upregulated and 339 downregulated genes) were identified in the microarray datasets. DEGs were mainly associated with pathways in cancer, focal adhesion, and protein digestion and absorption. There were nine hub genes (CDKN3, MKI67, CEP55, SPAG5, AURKA, TOP2A, UBE2C, CHEK1 and BIRC5) identified by PPI and module analysis. In GEPIA database, the expression levels of these genes in lung cancer tissues were significantly upregulated compared with normal lung tissues. The results of prognostic analysis showed that relatively higher expression of hub genes was associated with poor prognosis of lung cancer. In HPA database, most hub genes were highly expressed in lung cancer tissues. The hub genes have good diagnostic efficiency in lung cancer and normal tissues. The expression of any hub gene was associated with the infiltration of at least two immune cells. qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression level of CDKN3, MKI67, CEP55, SPAG5, AURKA, TOP2A were highly expressed in lung cancer tissues.

Conclusions

The hub genes and functional pathways identified in this study may contribute to understand the molecular mechanisms of lung cancer. Our findings may provide new therapeutic targets for lung cancer patients.
The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the production of oat (Avena sativa L.) doubled haploid lines through wide hybridization
Authors: Juzoń Katarzyna , Warchoł Marzena , Dziurka Kinga , Czyczyło-Mysza Ilona Mieczysława , Marcińska Izabela , Skrzypek Edyta
Published: January 2022

Background

Development of new cultivars is one of the vital options for adapting agriculture to climate change, and the production of doubled haploid (DH) plants can make a significant contribution to accelerating the breeding process. Oat is one of the cereals with particular health benefits, but it unfortunately still remains recalcitrant to haploidization. Our previous studies have clearly demonstrated that post-pollination with hormone treatment is a key step in haploid production through wide hybridization and indicated it as the most effective method for this species. Therefore, we subsequently addressed the problem of the influence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) concentration on consecutive stages of DH production.

Methods

Twenty-nine genotypes were tested, 9,465 florets were pollinated with maize pollen 2 days after emasculation and then treated with 2,4-D at 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L.

Results

The applied treatments did not reveal any differences in the number of obtained haploid embryos. However, almost twice as many haploid plants formed on MS medium after applying a higher auxin concentration and 20% more successfully acclimatized. Moreover, 100 mg/L 2,4-D treatment resulted in twice as many DH lines that produced almost three times more seeds compared to 50 mg/L treatment. Nevertheless, the results have confirmed the existence of strong genotypic variation, which may significantly limit the development of an effective and economically feasible method that could be incorporated into breeding programs.
Effects of Mentoring in First Year Medical Undergraduate Students using DASS-21
Authors: Sonawane Tejaswini , Meshram Rajashree , Jagia Geeta , Gajbhiye Riya , Adhikari Shefali
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Medical students often require high level of specialised institutional and personal support to facilitate success. Distress is commonly observed in medical undergraduate students which leads to poor academic performances. The stress though looks reasonable it needs to be addressed with right amount of counseling. A good mentoring session helps in reducing depression, stress and anxiety. Aim: To determine the effects of mentoring in first year medical students using Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS 21). Materials and Methods: It was an interventional study conducted in Seth GSMC, Department of Physiology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from July 2019 to February 2020. Total 120, first-year medical undergraduates were recruited in the study. At the beginning, an orientation session was conducted for the faculty. Mentoring sessions were conducted for students once in a week. Data was collected using DASS-21 in the beginning in July 2019 to February 2019. Statistical analysis was done using Wilcoxon sign rank test. Five-point Likert scale was used for qualitative analysis of the feedbacks received from mentors as well as mentees. The p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of 15 faculty members were eight were males and seven were females with mean age of 47±8 and 46±1 years, respectively. Among mentees, 64 were males and 56 were females with mean age of 17±8 and 17±6 years. A significant decrease was obtained in the levels of depression, anxiety and stress scores of students after mentoring. Wilcoxan sign rank sum test was used. The p-value before and after mentoring session was 0.00418 for Depression, 0.00033 for anxiety and 0.00805 for stress. Conclusion: Mentoring was found to reduce stress, anxiety and depression in first-year medical undergraduate students. The mentoring program was found to be useful to students as well as faculty. It should be extended through all the years of under graduation.
Students Perception of their Educational Environment in a Medical College in India- A Survey using DREEM Questionnaire
Authors: Sangam Muralidhar Reddy , Das Mangala Charana , Krishnan S
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Educational plays an important role in the achievement of student’s academic success. Understanding the perception of students towards their educational environment helps to identify the lacunae in the curriculum and make the changes accordingly. Aim: To assess the perceptions of the students towards medical education using Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire as a tool. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done at NRI Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India, from September 2020 to December 2020. A total of 414 students participated in the study. The DREEM questionnaire was used to collect the data. The questionnaire consists of five components with 50 statements assessed on five-point Likert scale (0-4). Data were expressed as mean and standard deviation, frequency, and percentages. Independent t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used for comparing the groups. Results: Out of 600 students, 414 filled in the forms and submitted them (response rate was 69%). 266 (64.2%) were female and 148 (35.8%) were males. Age of the students ranged from 17 to 25 years with mean age 22.64±2.62 years. The mean DREEM score of study population was 130±6.7/200 which indicated a more positive than negative perception of learning. Subscale scores for student’s perception of learning, perceptions of teachers, academic self-perceptions, perceptions of atmosphere and social self-perceptions were 30.9±2.4, 28.9±1.5, 22.4±3.1, 30.8±2.3 and 16.9±1.7 respectively. Conclusion: There was a positive perception of students towards their educational environment. Strong areas were student’s confidence, teacher’s knowledge, and curricular relevance. Weak areas were identified as the inability to provide constructive criticism by teachers, the teachers were authoritarian and necessary steps can be taken for the improvement.
Intracranial Dermoid and Epidermoid Cysts: A Case Report
Authors: Taneja Anmol , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya , Vagha Sunita
Published: January 2022

Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are ectodermally derived neuraxis cysts, both lined by keratinising squamous epithelium. Epidermoid cyst is filled by friable, often lamellated keratinous debris and is devoid of cutaneous-type adnexal structures, as found in dermoid cysts. They are usually located at the cerebellopontine angle, cerebellar vermis, fourth ventricle, parasellar region, and frontal and fronto-temporal cisternal spaces but the cerebellopontine angle being their single most common location of epidermoid cysts whereas dermoid cyst clings tightly to the midline. Hereby, the authors are presenting a case report of two cases; first case is of a one-month-old child presented with 4×4 cm sized cystic swelling over occipital region since birth with redness since 15 days with complaint of pus discharge from the swelling since one day. Cyst with contents was sent for histopathological examination and features suggestive of intracranial dermoid cyst. Second case is of 14-year-old female child who presented with the complaints of headache since six months and imbalance since two months. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was suggestive of cerebellopontine angle tumour with hydrocephalus. Tumour was excised and sent for histopathological examination and features suggested of epidermoid cyst. These benign lesions are potentially curable. As these cases were suspected as malignant tumours but as they found out to be diagnosed as benign lesions. Although these lesions are benign but can still lead to some seroius complications. We are reporting these cases for its early diagnosis and thereby better management.
A Comparative Study between the effect of Pentoxifylline and Low Dose Aspirin on Uterine Artery Blood Flow in Patients with Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Ali Nourhan Shaaban , Abd El-Aziz El-Dorf Ayman , Hamdy El-Shorbagy Shahinaz , Mohamady Gharib Ashraf El
Published: January 2022

Background: Infertility is customarily defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse. The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) has published guidelines for a standard infertility evaluation. It includes a semen analysis, assessment of ovulation, a hysterosalpingogram, and, if indicated, tests for ovarian reserve and laparoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare the possible changes in uterine artery doppler indices after the use of pentoxifylline and low dose aspirin in patients with unexplained fertility.

Methods: This prospective comparative clinical study was conducted on patients age between 20 and 35 years old, body mass index (BMI) from 18 – 25 kg/m2, with unexplained infertility. Patients were divided into two equal groups: low dose aspirin group and pentoxifylline group. All patients were subjected to personal, husband, sexual and menstrual history taking, clinical examination, routine infertility investigations [Husband semen analysis, Hormonal investigation (FSH, LH, midluteal progesterone, prolactin, TSH)], hysterosalpingogram, laparoscope and transvaginal ultrasound.

Results: There was no significant difference between both groups regarding age, BMI, occupation, residency, parity, type/duration of infertility, menstrual regularity/amount, dysmenorrhea, sexual intercourse frequency, using of lubricant or vaginal douching. There was no significant difference between the studied groups regarding FSH, LH, TSH, basal uterine artery RI and PI and S/D ratio at one and three months.

Conclusions: In women with unexplained infertility, there was no significant difference between the effect of pentoxifylline and low dose aspirin on the uterine artery blood flow or Doppler indices (RI, PI and S/D ratio).
Psychodermatology and Its Therapeutic Effects
Authors: Dubey Abeer , Totade Sangeeta
Published: January 2022

The superficial surface of the body called as skin has its main function as tactile reception, on stimulation of the emotional background there might be a presence of certain type of psychosomatic reactions that tend to cause dermatological changes, this in turn brings about the vast nature of psychodermatology.

Background: Several report study and research have revealed that psychological stress has a huge role in the progression or worsening of a wide range of skin conditions.

Aim: To determine if psychological stress has any role to play in onset or progression of skin related diseases or disorders

Methodology: We conducted a systemic search of the related topics on pubmed, google scholar, Medline and some manual searches were done for the relevant studies and accordingly the articles were selected and reviewed.

Results: As per many researches and studies that were conducted, some prevalent skin disorders caused due to psychological stresses are: dermatitis artefacta, skin hypochondriasis, acne, eczema, psoriasis.

Conclusion: Psychological stress has been linked to the worsening of certain skin conditions. However, due to the difficulties of identifying and quantify Psychologicccal stress, along with issues about the etiologic importance of neuroimmunological findings in skin illnesses, this condition become more worsened.
Pharmacological Activity Review on Selected Indian Traditional Medicinal Plants
Authors: Saha Santanu , Honnesh N. H.
Published: January 2022

The medicinal plants are the rich source of therapeutic phytoconstituents. The wide range of plants possesses vast range of medicinal uses in humanity. In the present study a review was conducted for selected plants for the medicinal activity they possess which are scientifically published in reputed journals. The activity researched is antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcer, hepatoprotective and anticancer activity etc. The present review shown that Pongamia pinnata, Nerium oleander methanol extract and Andrographis paniculata, Macaranga peltata alcoholic extracts possess wide range of therapeutic activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and antidiabetic activity.
Case Report on Nursing Management of a Client with Hiatus Hernia
Authors: Meghe Sarthak , Tembhare Vaishali , Ankar Ruchira , Sakharkar Sheetal , Dhengare Archana , More Swapana , Sakharwade Prerana , Meshram Khushbu
Published: January 2022

A hiatus hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes into the chest cavity. It enters through the same entrance through which the food tube (oesophagus) travels to the stomach. A case of an 39-year-old male with a history of diabetic presented to the emergency room with acute onset shortness of breath, epigastric pain and chest pain. The stomach bulges up into the chest through that opening in a hiatal hernia (also known as a hiatus hernia). The client was having burning sensation in epigastric region since from 2-5 year, acid reflux after taking food, heartburn, nausea, regurgitation, vomiting, and abdominal pain and irritation. After the physical examination, history collection and investigations he was diagnosed as case of hiatus hernia.The study's main focus is on professional management and excellent nursing care, which may be able to give the holistic care that hiatus hernia requires while also efficiently treating the difficult case. Following a complete recovery, the patient's multidisciplinary health care team works together to help the patient reclaim his or her prior level of independence and contentment.
The Prevalence of Depression among Medical Students: A Worldwide Literature Review
Authors: Alajmi Abdulaziz H. M. M. M. , Almutairi Bandar B. J. M. M. , Alajmi Mohammad R. M. R. H. , Alazemi Salman S. S. S. S. A. , Alhussain Abboud Mohammad , Salman Fawaz Majed Ata'Allah Sh , Alomran Abdullah J. A.
Published: January 2022

Stress is one of the main factors that might lead to depression in the long term; medical students are susceptible to stress and depression more than other students.

Aim: to look at the prevalence of depression among medical students.

Methodology: The authors looked at published studies on the internet about the depression rates among medical students in different areas around the world.

Results: Most of the literature showed that there is a significant prevalence of depression among students during medical school.

Conclusion: Due to high rates of depression among medical students, coping strategies for stress and depression should be offered to medical students to prevent future complications.
Positive Outcomes of Inpatient Rehabilitation in a Snake Bite Patient with Pulmonary Complications: A Case Report
Authors: Rathi Radhika , Vardhan Vishnu , Jain Moli Jai , Yadav Vaishnavi , Walke Rashmi , Bhakaney Pallavi , Kumbhare Ruhi
Published: January 2022

Snake bites are a common medical emergency and workplace danger, particularly in tropical India, where farming is a key source of income. We report case of 55 year old female patient reported to medicine department on 25\09\2021 with an alleged history of snake bite over her right ankle in evening when she was the working in the farm. She undergone 2 weeks of In-hospital rehabilitation along with medical management and had shown positive outcomes. This case report’s purpose was to focus on the significance of prompt surgical treatment and essential physiotherapy rehabilitation to attain the functional goals with to respect to patient and its prognosis.
In-vitro Conservation of Phytochemically Enriched Orchids of Indian Western Himalayas
Authors: Kaur Saranjeet
Published: January 2022

Orchids are identified for their beautiful ornamental flowers. These flowers exceptionally possess long extended vase life. Besides being floriculturally significant, they also find their description in the ancient Ayurvedic system of medicine for their therapeutic uses. These monocot herbaceous plants possess diverse bioactive chemical compounds such as terpenes, alkaloids, etc. that are responsible for their therapeutic value properties. The orchids are collected stealthily from their natural habitats indiscriminately and have become rare in the wild and their populations can be saved through in vitro conservation techniques. The present communication conveys conservation techniques used for saving orchid species from getting extinct.
Comparison of the Effect of Triclosan Coated Polyglactin Sutures and Plain Polyglactin Sutures on Post-operative Healing in Patients Undergoing Surgical Removal of Mandibular Third Molar (MTM)
Authors: Rai Dolly , Shukla Deepankar
Published: January 2022

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) has been ruled out as having the highest prevalence among infections associated with avoidable health care. The application of coatings and other treatments to medical devices to avoid bacterial colonisation has gotten a lot of press recently. Bacterial growth should be prevented rather than treated because once bacteria have formed a habitat, they form a biofilm that prevents antibiotics from penetrating the infection site. As a result, it would be necessary to incorporate an antimicrobial agent into medical devices.

Objectives: The study's main goal is to see how successful, Triclosan Coated polyglactin suture as a wound closure agent in terms of surgical site infection after surgery, bacterial colonization, trismus and pain over the plain conventional one.

Methodology: Two groups (Group-I & Group-II) with 15 individuals as subjects are considered for the study model. Systemically healthy individual with presence of mandibular third molar (MTM) with similar difficulty index, depth of, and relationship with ramus will be included in the study sample. Wound closure would be achieved by using antimicrobial triclosan-impregnated 3–0 polyglactin sutures for closing the surgical site using simple interrupted sutures (Group-I) and plain 3–0 polyglactin sutures for closing the surgical using simple interrupted sutures (Group-II), respectively. Post-operatively measurement of surgical site infection, bacterial colonization, trismus and pain will be done.

Expected Results: Polyglactin sutures coated with triclosan for closure of wound after MTM surgery, will be successful in minimising post-operative surgical site infection, bacterial colonization, trismus and pain.

Conclusion: Use of polyglactin sutures coated with triclosan, aids in the prevention of one of the most prevalent postoperative conditions, surgical site infection(SSI) and to reduces bacterial colonization, trismus and pain. The surgeon's and the patient's need for a positive cosmetic outcome postoperatively is hampered if a postoperative surgical site infection develops, which one can be overcome by their usage.
Carcinoma of Breast Expressing Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2: Case Report
Authors: Moon Prashik , Gomase Kavita , Kasturkar Pooja , Moon Shalini , Taksande Vaishali , Sakharwade Prerana , Sawarkar Achita
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is a systemic disease in which micro metastasis of abnormal cells which can form the secondary malignant cells. Breast carcinoma is the rapid and uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Breast cancer is cancer of breast that develop from breast tissue.

Case History: Clinical findings – patient 49 years old female, having pain in right upper quadrant  of right breast, irritation and discomfort in breast, swelling in lower area of breast. Biochemical, Hematological and rediological investigation are decrease.

Investigation: Physical examination -lump is found on right breast which is non tender and slightly movable. USG and Mammography shows A suspicious retroareolar lump in the right breast and two foci pleomorphic macro calcification in right breast, Histopathology – shows both the masses are malignant but in biopsy metastasis not detected.

Therapeutic Intervention: Symptomatic treatment -tab acetaminophen -tab – hydrocortisone. Lumpectomy On the left breast and mastectomy done on right breast. Radiation therapy and Chemotherapy is given before and after surgery and Chemotherapy was continue after the surgery. Hormonal therapy also given for HER2 + receptor .all the complications of chemotherapy is managed by quality nursing care.

Outcome: After all pharmacological, surgical and medical intervention and quality nursing care, patient is now in stable condition. During treatment her treatment response is good and she can very effectively cope up with her disease condition and she is able to do her daily activities effectively.
A gold revision of the Golgi Dynamics (GOLD) domain structure and associated cell functionalities
Authors: Mendes Luis Felipe S. , Costa‐Filho Antonio J.
Published: January 2022

The classical secretory pathway is the key membrane‐based delivery system in eukaryotic cells. Several families of proteins involved in the secretory pathway, with functionalities going from cargo sorting receptors to the maintenance and dynamics of secretory organelles, share soluble globular domains predicted to mediate protein–protein interactions. One of them is the ‘Golgi Dynamics’ (GOLD) domain, named after its strong association with the Golgi apparatus. There are many GOLD‐containing protein families, such as the transmembrane emp24 domain‐containing proteins (TMED/p24 family), animal SEC14‐like proteins, human Golgi resident protein ACBD3, a splice variant of TICAM2 called TRAM with GOLD domain, and FYCO1. Here, we critically review the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge of the structures and functions of the main representatives of GOLD‐containing proteins in vertebrates. We provide the first unified description of the GOLD domain structure across different families since the first high‐resolution structure was determined. With a brand‐new update on the definition of the GOLD domain, we also discuss how its tertiary structure fits the β‐sandwich‐like fold map and give exciting new directions for forthcoming studies.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORA71A promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition by maintaining ROCK2 mRNA stability in breast cancer
Authors: Hu Ting , Lu Chong , Xia Yun , Wu Lu , Song Junlong , Chen Chuang , Wang Qiong
Published: January 2022

Metastasis is the primary reason of death in patients with cancer. Small nucleolar noncoding RNAs (snoRNAs) are conserved 60–300 nucleotide noncoding RNAs, involved in post‐transcriptional regulation of mRNAs and noncoding RNAs. Despite their essential roles in cancer, the roles of snoRNAs in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐induced metastasis have not been studied extensively. Here, we used small RNA sequencing to screen for snoRNAs related to EMT and breast cancer metastasis. We found a higher expression of SNORA71A in metastatic breast cancer tissues compared to nonmetastatic samples. Additionally, SNORA71A promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Mechanistically, SNORA71A elevated mRNA and protein levels of ROCK2, a negative regulator of TGF‐β signaling. Rescue assays showed ROCK2 abrogated the SNORA71A‐mediated increase in proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT. Binding of SNORA71A to mRNA stability regulatory protein G3BP1, increased ROCK2 mRNA half‐life. Furthermore, G3BP1 depletion abolished the SNORA71A‐mediated upregulation of ROCK2. In vivo, SNORA71A overexpression promoted breast tumor growth, and SNORA71A knockdown inhibited breast cancer growth and metastasis. We suggest SNORA71A enhances metastasis of breast cancer by binding to G3BP1 and stabilizing ROCK2.
Condensation‐Controlled Toposelective Vapor Deposition in Nano‐ and Microcavities: Theory, Methods, Applications, and Related Technologies
Authors: Lovikka Ville A.
Published: January 2022

Nanotechnology drives technological progress in many frontiers, from electronics to medicine, from tougher composites to adaptive surfaces. As the feature sizes are made smaller, the importance of surfaces is increased. Many of the most powerful methods for surface manipulation are variants of vapor deposition (VD). However, VD is typically not surface‐selective and, therefore, extra work steps are needed to integrate the methods into nanofabrication routines. Furthermore, many fields are moving toward 3D nanostructures, which unavoidably means increasingly complex nanocavities. Capillary condensation (CC) offers new selectivity rules for VD by inherently targeting cavities, which have been the most difficult locations to coat thus far. The most important controlling parameter in CC is the partial pressure, which is primarily adjusted by the reaction chamber, not the substrates or the reagents. In this article, the theory of CC, different reactor setups, materials, reagents and substrates, and various applications of CC in VD techniques are presented. The CC‐based methods are briefly compared to other cavity‐filling methods for gaining perspective on their potential for advancing modern technology. Finally, several observations on the characteristics of the methods, termed collectively as condensation‐controlled toposelective vapor deposition, are analyzed. The implications may affect the way one thinks about VD.
Structural Modifications and Electromagnetic Property Regulations of Ti3AlC2 MAX for Enhancing Microwave Absorption through the Strategy of Fe Doping
Authors: Li Jun , Xu Tongtong , Bai Han , Shen Zhenyu , Huang Yanyan , Xing Wenwen , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: January 2022

Microwave absorption enhancements through atomic doping in traditional materials remain a significant challenge. Herein, the MAX phase materials of Fe‐doped Ti3AlC2 (xFe‐Ti3AlC2, abbreviated as TFAC‐x, x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) are synthesized via solid‐phase reaction method. The X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and scanning electron microscopy confirm that the TFAC‐x samples are of high quality with multiphase coexistence structure and abundant interfaces. Relying on the improved impedance matching originating from structural modulation, the synergistic effects of dielectric loss and magnetic loss, as well as the enhanced interfacial polarization and defect dipole polarization, both the microwave absorption intensity and bandwidth are greatly strengthened. Accordingly, the minimum reflection loss of TFAC‐3 sample can achieve ‐33.3 dB and the absorption bandwidth could reach 3.9 GHz with the thickness of only 1.5 mm. Moreover, the investigated frequency can cover 86% through regulating their thickness from 1.5 to 5 mm, showing the excellent frequency modulation effect. The revealed improvements in both the microwave absorption performance and properties of TFAC‐x may enlighten the designing of microwave absorption materials and have potentials for widespread applications.
An Inverse Shape‐Memory Hydrogel Scaffold Switching Upon Cooling in a Tissue‐Tolerated Temperature Range
Authors: Tartivel Lucile , Blocki Anna M. , Braune Steffen , Jung Friedrich , Behl Marc , Lendlein Andreas
Published: January 2022

Tissue reconstruction has an unmet need for soft active scaffolds that enable gentle loading with regeneration‐directing bioactive components by soaking up but also provide macroscopic dimensional stability. Here microporous hydrogels capable of an inverse shape‐memory effect (iSME) are described, which in contrast to classical shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) recover their permanent shape upon cooling. These hydrogels are designed as covalently photo cross‐linked polymer networks with oligo(ethylene glycol)‐oligo(propylene glycol)‐oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG‐OPG‐OEG) segments. When heated after deformation, the OEG‐OPG‐OEG segments form micelles fixing the temporary shape. Upon cooling, the micelles dissociate again, the deformation is reversed and the permanent shape is obtained. Applicability of this iSME is demonstrated by the gentle loading of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) without causing any platelet activation during this process. PRP is highly bioactive and is widely acknowledged for its regenerative effects. Hence, the microporous inverse shape‐memory hydrogel (iSMH) with a cooling induced pore‐size effect represents a promising candidate scaffold for tissue regeneration for potential usage in minimally invasive surgery applications.
Engineered Cathode Buffer Layers for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells: A Review
Authors: Bishnoi Swati , Datt Ram , Arya Sandeep , Gupta Sonal , Gupta Ramashanker , Tsoi Wing Chung , Sharma Shailesh N. , Patole Shashikant P. , Gupta Vinay
Published: January 2022

This article presents an in‐depth insight into the most efficient cathode buffer layers (CBLs) in conventional and inverted organic solar cells (OSCs). The CBL can play a critical role in improving the short circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) of the devices by minimizing the contact resistance and reducing charge recombination at electrode/photoactive layer interface, resulting in the efficient extraction of charge carriers and therefore improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE). This review explores CBL with respect to its effect on the physics of a device and electronic processes at the interface of CBL/photoactive layer and its impact on the overall performance of OSCs. Besides this, the role of CBL, its chemical composition, morphology, thickness, dopants, deposition conditions, etc., and their corresponding effects on the device performance of both conventional and inverted OSCs are discussed in detail. Finally, CBLs that provide the best performance are summarized and their chemical structures are discussed. This article will benefit the researchers working in the domain of OSCs by providing an understanding of the CBL layers, along with various interfacial processes.
Controlled Preparation and Anti‐Sulfate Electrocatalysis of Self‐Assembled Multidimensional PtZn Quasi‐Cubic Nanodendrites
Authors: Xing Qianli , Yan Wei , Wei Chuangyu , Xiao Zuoxu , Jin Zhicheng , Liu Xue , Ren Jianwei , Chen Yanli , Li Xiyou
Published: January 2022

The multidimensional PtZn quasi‐cubic nanodendrites (PtZn‐ND) with tremendous amounts of defectively coarse branches, having both highly active high‐index facets and short‐range (100) and (110) terraces resisted to sulfate, are synthesized via facile oil phase route at first time. The growth process is found to start from Pt nano‐cuboid seeds, then PtZn nanoclovers which are formed from epitaxial growth, and then the flower‐like PtZn crystals and finally the novel PtZn‐ND. The formation mechanism of PtZn‐ND, in particular the effects of hexadecyltrimethyammonium bromide (CTAB) and oleic acid (OA) on the morphology, crystal shape and exposure lattice facets, have been comparatively and systematically studied. And it turns out that CTAB mainly controls depositing directions, while OA mainly controls the crystal shape/size. The combination effect results in unique PtZn‐ND structures. The novel PtZn‐ND also displays superior catalytic performance and anti‐sulfate poisoning ability. In particular, the mass activity (MA) and specific activity (SA) are 5.72 and 7.55 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C, and still 2.91 and 5.09 times higher after accelerated durability tests in 0.5 m H2SO4 for oxygen reduction reaction.
Size‐Controlled Nanosculpture of Cylindrical Pores across Multilayer Graphene via Photocatalytic Perforation
Authors: Guirguis Albert , Dumée Ludovic F. , Eyckens Daniel J. , Stanfield Melissa K. , Yin Yanting , Andersson Gunther G. , Kong Lingxue , Henderson Luke C.
Published: January 2022

One of the bottlenecks in realizing the potential of nanoporous graphene assemblies is the difficulty of engineering narrow pores and high surface density distributions, with a nanometer resolution across multilayer graphene assemblies using scalable approaches. Here, the authors develop a photocatalyzed perforation protocol to incorporate nanopores across modified graphene assemblies via localizing the oxidation during the photo‐excitation process between photo‐initiators and graphitic assemblies under the ultraviolet–visible stimuli. Nanopores are engineered across the graphene nanostructures with a pore size range varying from 20 to 100 nm depending on the irradiation duration, as well as tunable densities of 101–103 pores/µm2 on the same order of the loaded nanocatalysts to the graphene surfaces. By fine‐tuning the graphene chemistry and the physical dimension of photo‐initiators, as well as their concentrations across graphitic planes used during the perforation, the diameter, and the density distributions of generated nanopores across graphene, can be rationally confined, avoiding merging between pores during the nanopore formation. These porosity parameters engineered across graphene nanosieves are in the same order obtained by other nanolithographic techniques. Plus, this sustainable route may boost the potential of porous graphene assemblies in energy‐efficient nanotechnologies based on separation and catalytic processes.