bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health educational intervention by school nurses to prevent children’s helminthic infection in Bangladesh: A cluster non-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aivey Sadia Alam , Rahman Md Moshiur , Fukushima Yasuko , Ahmed Ashir , Prihanto Junaidi Budi , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain , Moriyama Michiko
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Helminthic infections are a major health burden worsened by inadequate health education and awareness among schoolchildren. This study aims to reduce helminthic infection by increasing awareness and knowledge through school nurse-led health education among primary schoolchildren in Bangladesh.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a prospective, open-label, parallel-group (1:1), cluster non-randomized controlled trial conducted on 5- to 12-year-old school-going children from September 2021 to September 2022 in rural Bangladesh. Trained school nurses provided evidence-based health education to the children from the intervention group (IG) for 9 months to improve awareness and knowledge regarding helminthic infection, whereas another group did not receive any health education during intervention periods, except for usual care. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test and regression analysis.

RESULTS:

Overall, 455 children (control group (CG), n = 220; IG, n = 235) completed the entire study. Changes in the prevalence of helminthic infection—the primary outcome—were significant (P < 0.001). Concerning the secondary outcome, the adjusted endline data with baseline and sociodemographic data, the children’s health-related hygiene behavior (P < 0.001) and awareness and knowledge regarding helminthic infection (P < 0.001) were improved significantly in the IG than the CG.

CONCLUSION:

The school nurse-led health education program encouragingly reduced helminthic infection and improved primary schoolchildren’s awareness and knowledge of helminthic infection according to the World Health Organization (WHO) health policy. In the future, health policymakers may take initiatives to recruit school nurses to sustainably establish child health education programs.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Diagnosed with 2020 International Criteria
Authors: Damor Neelesh , Modi Nitin , Karande Atul , Mishra Ashish , Sharma Sunil
Published: November 2024

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a rare cardiomyopathy. Early diagnosis is important to prevent mortality. They have a high risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular arrhythmia, which requires the implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator. We describe the case of a cardiac arrest survivor with background electrocardiography (ECG) findings suggestive of ventricular tachycardia. The new 2020 international criteria for ARVC made it possible to easily detect such cases. We suspected right ventricular cardiomyopathy based on the patient’s history, ECG, and echocardiography findings, who later underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. This was a “Definitive ARVC” case based on 2020 International criteria for ARVC. Clinicians should be aware of these criteria to detect such cases easily.
Laparoscopic management of variant ductal and vascular anatomy in children with choledochal cysts
Authors: Mandelia Ankur , Kapoor Rohit , Verma Anju , Kanneganti Pujana , Yadav Rajanikant R. , Sarma Moinak Sen , Agarwal Nishant , Kumar Tarun , Nair Biju , Buan Amit
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Variations in biliary ductal and hepatic vascular anatomy increase the complexity of surgery for choledochal cysts (CDC). The laparoscopic approach for the management of paediatric CDCs with variant anatomy is underreported. This study aimed to describe anatomical variations, operative techniques and early outcomes of laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) in children with CDCs and variant anatomy.

Patients and Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of 40 children who underwent laparoscopic CDC excision with HJ between 2019 and 2024 in a single surgical unit. Patients were divided into Group I (with anatomical variations, n = 20) and Group II (without variations, n = 20). Data on demographic details, clinical presentation, imaging findings, pre-operative interventions, ductal and vascular anatomical variations, surgical techniques, intraoperative variables, post-operative complications and outcomes were collected and analysed.

Results:

Ductal variations were found in 10 patients, with aberrant right posterior sectoral duct being the most common. Vascular variations were identified in 12 patients, with anteriorly crossing the right hepatic artery (RHA) being the most frequent. Group I had a higher mean age (7.32 vs. 3.57 years, P = 0.014) and longer operative times (415 vs. 364 min, P < 0.0001). Conversion to laparotomy was necessary in 10% of Group I and 15% of Group II patients (P = 0.634). Post-operative complications, primarily minor (Clavien–Dindo Grade I or II), occurred in 40% of Group I and 30% of Group II (P = 0.495). Group I had a significantly shorter time to full feeds (72 vs. 80 h, P = 0.015). Both groups had similar post-operative hospital stays and follow-up durations. At the last follow-up, all patients, except one with liver failure in Group II, were asymptomatic with no significant biliary dilatation or liver function abnormalities.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic management of CDCs with variant ductal and vascular anatomy in children is feasible, safe and effective. Detailed pre-operative imaging, meticulous intraoperative assessment and tailored surgical techniques are crucial for successful outcomes.
Computed tomography roadmap for post-operative fundoplication imaging with a novel structured reporting checklist
Authors: Kamat Ritesh , Patankar Roy , Supe Avinash , Dubey Pallavi , Thapar Ravi , Kalikar Vishakha
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

With increasing numbers and acceptability of laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery (LARS) procedures over long-term medical treatment in the past decade, it follows that the complications of fundoplication wrap are seen intermittently with recurrent symptoms of heartburn and dysphagia. Endoscopy and barium swallow are the initial investigations performed for suspected fundoplication wrap failures. However, with easy availability of multislice computed tomography (CT) and the multiplanar reconstructions along with reduction in familiarity with barium examinations, it would be prudent for the surgeons to familiarise themselves with various appearances of wrap failure. Currently, there is no accepted standard to report a fundoplication wrap failure. We did a thorough literature review on the use of CT scans for fundoplication wrap failure, created a multidisciplinary hernia team with prominent radiologists and surgeons and discussed the role of CT scans in the management of suspected wrap failure. After completing a pilot study with around 43 patients of wrap failure, we created a standard CT reporting format which helped us in the management of even the most complex cases. This standard reporting format can be used by trainees and surgeons worldwide. This would lead to uniformity in reporting, would help in decision-making and would also help create national and international primary wrap failure and redo fundoplication registry.

Patients and Methods:

A total of 43 patients of wrap failure of multislice CT evaluation were analysed for type of failure along with factors responsible for the maintenance of integrity of the wrap. A novel checklist with structured reporting was used for the description of the post-operative imaging findings.

Results:

The demographic characteristics, post-operative imaging and intraoperative findings were described. The different types of wrap failure – Hinder types and associated pathologies were analysed for relative frequency in wrap failures. The novel structured reporting included wrap integrity and failure complications in post-operative patients of LARS.

Conclusion:

Fundoplication wrap failure is not an uncommon complication seen after LARS. A novel structured report with checklist will help the surgeons to evaluate the post-operative patient with recurrent symptoms. Multislice CT is the ideal modality for imaging suspected wrap failures after primary endoscopic evaluation. Multiplanar imaging with coronal and sagittal reconstructions is useful for understanding the integrity of the wrap and its ability to detect failure/migration.
The effects of sympathectomy ganglion levels on late complications in the treatment of hyperhidrosis
Authors: Ersin Osman Emre , Yanik Fazli , Karamustafaoglu Yekta Altemur , Yoruk Yener
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Pathologically excessive sweating in areas such as the palmar, axillary and/or plantar together with sympathetic hyperactivity that occurs independently of systemic causes is called primary hyperhidrosis. Although primary idiopathic hyperhidrosis can be seen at any age, the disease is most commonly seen in adolescents and young adults. The frequency of male and female genders is usually equal. Some medical and minimally invasive methods can be used in the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. However, the known curative gold standard treatment method for the disease is thoracoscopic thoracic sympathectomy operation.

Patients and Methods:

In this study, a total of 150 patients who applied to Trakya University Health Practice and Research Center, Department of Thoracic Surgery, between 15 October 2008 and 15 June 2021 and underwent thoracoscopic thoracic sympathectomy due to the diagnosis of hyperhidrosis were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were separated into two groups. Thoracoscopic thoracic sympathectomy was performed on the T2–T4 in the first group (Group I – n: 88) and on the T3–T5 sympathetic ganglions in the second group (Group II – n: 62).

Results:

The median age of patients included in the study was found to be 24 (20.75–28) years. Group I and Group II were similar in terms of gender characteristics, but Group II was older. Our success rate was found to be 92% (n = 138). There was no mortality, major complication such as bleeding requiring open thoracotomy, chylothorax or Horner’s syndrome in any of the patients. Minor complications were seen in the early and late period of the operation at a low rate. Our overall compensatory hyperhidrosis rate was 52% (n = 78). Compensatory hyperhidrosis was detected more in Group I, although this was not statistically significant. We determined the overall satisfaction rate of our patients as 87.3% (n = 133). The satisfaction rates of the patients in Group I and Group II were found to be similar.

Conclusions:

Thoracoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is a fast, safe and minimally invasive treatment method with a low complication rate. More than 90% success and a significant increase in psychosocial condition and professional quality of life can be achieved with this procedure. Future studies are needed to reveal the relationship between operated ganglion levels and the development of compensatory hyperhidrosis.
Pyeloplasty for pelviureteric junction obstruction in anomalous kidneys: A long-term follow-up experience at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Nayyar Rishi , Nayak Brusabhanu , Singh Prabhjot , Kumar Rajeev , Seth Amlesh
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of different pyeloplasty procedure approaches for pelvicureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction in kidney anomalies. The presence of difficult, unfamiliar and anomalous anatomy makes pyeloplasty challenging in these conditions.

Patients and Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of pyeloplasty in patients with congenital anomalous kidneys at our national tertiary referral centre. Seventeen patients who had pyeloplasty for PUJ obstruction from December 2013 to July 2019 were included.

Results:

Seventeen cases had anomalous kidneys consisting of horseshoe kidneys in nine patients, ectopic non-fused kidneys in four patients, ectopic fused kidneys in three patients and duplex kidneys in one patient. The mean follow-up duration was 34 months (4–70 months). The robotic approach was most commonly used in nine patients followed by a laparoscopic and open approach, each in four patients, respectively. Only one patient had an intraoperative complication. One patient required conversion to an open approach. The mean operative duration in open, laparoscopic and robotic approaches was 102 min, 105 min and 140 min, whereas the mean hospital stay was 6.50 days, 3.25 days and 4.22 days, respectively. Post-operative complications occurred in 29.41% of patients with Clavien grade ≥3 complications in one case only (5.88%). Success was 94.12% without any salvage intervention.

Conclusion:

Pyeloplasty is a feasible, effective and safe procedure even in complex cases of renal anatomic anomalies with PUJ obstruction. With increasing experience, minimally invasive techniques though technically demanding provide equivalent success rates with better cosmetic outcomes and faster convalescence.
Nanoformulations: Microscopic Soliders Targeting Biofilms and Defeating Bacterial Resistance
Authors: Abualsunun Walaa A.
Published: November 2024

Biofilms are organized colonies of bacteria surrounded by a self-generated polymeric matrix that sticks to surfaces. They are involved in a wide range of infections, especially chronic and device-related diseases, due to their resistance to traditional medicines and the human immune system. Nanoformulations have emerged as a viable technique for combating biofilms due to their distinct physicochemical features, which improve antimicrobial drug penetration, stability, and targeted administration. This review focuses on the most recent breakthroughs in nanoformulation techniques specifically developed to inhibit and disrupt biofilms.
Concurrent Presence of Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy, Acute Appendicitis, and Meckel’s Diverticulum: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Khan Maria Niaz , Waqar Momina , Humayun Talha , Sadiq Abdullah
Published: November 2024

Acute abdomen presents as a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to a surgeon. Acute appendicitis, Meckel’s diverticulum (MD), and ruptured ectopic pregnancy are commonly encountered causes; however, their concurrent presence is a rare event. We present a rare case of concurrence of these pathologies in a young female. This instance emphasizes the imperative for surgeons to consider the possibility of multiple pathologies during surgical interventions. A meticulous assessment of the appendix and ileum is crucial during the management of ruptured ectopic pregnancies to prevent missed diagnoses. This case report serves as a reminder of the significance of thorough evaluation in navigating the intricacies of acute abdomen scenarios, ultimately enhancing patient care and outcomes.
Epidemiology and Gender Variation in Thyroid Malignancies: A Retrospective Study of a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Refai Fahd A. , Alalawi Hassan , Alotibi Fahad A. , Bahowarth Sarah Y. , Alyazidi Anas S. , Asali Feras W. , Abd El-Azi Gamal Said
Published: November 2024

Background:

Thyroid malignancies are among the most common endocrine cancers, ranking ninth in incidence. In Saudi Arabia, thyroid cancer rates have significantly increased in both genders. Despite the rising incidence, mortality rates have declined. The evolving epidemiology of thyroid malignancies in Saudi Arabia reflects changes in demographics, culture, and clinical practices. This study aims to update the epidemiological data and examine gender variations in thyroid malignancies.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study included cases admitted to an academic tertiary care center from January 2023 to June 2024. Data on demographic variables (gender, age, and nationality) and clinical diagnosis categories (ranging from nondiagnostic to malignant) were collected. Histopathological details of thyroid lesions were also recorded. Clinical, cytological, and histopathological data were as per the Bethesda system, and they were analyzed accordingly.

Results:

The average age of 300 patients in our study cohort was 45.56 years, with 81.3% of them being female. The majority of patients were Saudi nationals (87.7%). According to the Bethesda system, the most common findings for lesions were benign (category II), followed by malignant (category VI) and atypia of undetermined significance (AUS; category III). Histopathologically, 52.7% showed benign features, with hyperplastic thyroid lesions (20.7%) and follicular adenomas (14.3%) being the most common. The most common malignancy was papillary carcinoma (42.7%). Age-specific analysis revealed differences, with younger patients more likely to have follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (category IV) and older patients having a higher risk of malignancy. Other variables including colloid cyst, subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, follicular carcinoma, Hürthle cell type, and medullary carcinoma were not statistically associated with any age group.

Conclusion:

Our findings are consistent with global trends indicating a significant increase in thyroid cancers, particularly among women. In our cohort, female patients were diagnosed with thyroid cancer nearly four times more frequently than male patients, which is double the commonly reported gender gap. There were statistically significant differences between genders in age groups, malignancies, and histopathological findings, with hyperplastic thyroid lesions and papillary carcinoma being more common in women. We also observed age-related differences in thyroid findings, with younger patients having more follicular neoplasms and older patients having more AUS.
Assessing Quality of Life Following Radical Cystectomy and Ileal Conduit for Bladder Cancer: A Study Utilizing EuroQol 5-Dimensional 3-Level
Authors: Prabhakar Richha , Prabhakar Rajat , Rao Dharmapuri R.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Urinary bladder cancer continues to be a significant health challenge and often requires radical cystectomy with ileal conduit (RCIC) as a primary therapeutic intervention in Stage II/III disease. The impact of this surgery on patients’ quality of life (QoL) is a critical aspect of evaluating the overall success of bladder cancer management. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess patients’ QoL following RCIC in bladder cancer patients using EuroQol 5-dimensional 3-level (EQ-5D-3L) instrument.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, patients of urinary bladder cancers from tertiary care centers, who underwent RCIC as a part of their curative treatment, were evaluated 1 month following surgery for QoL using the EQ-5D-3L instrument, in which patients were asked to report problems in 5 dimensions of this questionnaire.

Results:

We found that RCIC has a substantial immediate negative impact on QoL, primarily due to postoperative discomfort, anxiety/depression, and other urinary diversion-related issues. Nearly 36% of patients had some or extreme problems in 3 or more dimensions out of 5 in EQ-5D-3L.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the significance of EQ-5D-3L as a tool for evaluating QoL in patients of bladder cancer following RCIC, providing a useful framework for comprehending the multidimensional nature of their experiences. The findings emphasize that to maximize QoL, bladder cancer treatment requires individualized interventions, psychosocial support, and collaborative decision-making in bladder cancer management.
Pain Relief and Efficacy of Surgical vs Nonsurgical Management of TMJ Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Madhuri D. Hima , Suresh Athira , Tikoo Parul , Ankit Kumar , Subham P. , Kemmu Aashish
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect the jaw muscles and joints, with treatments ranging from surgery to nonsurgical methods like physiotherapy and medication. A systematic review of studies from January 2020 to May 2024 compared these treatments’ effectiveness in relieving pain and improving function. From 7,459 initial records, 18 studies were included, examining interventions like NSAIDs, low-level laser therapy, botulinum toxin A, and occlusal splints. Results varied, highlighting the need for personalized treatment and standardized outcomes to improve patient care.
Assessment of Soft Tissue Changes after Various Orthognathic Surgeries for Class III Correction of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kanagasabapathy B , Sharma Shubham , Dua Piyush , Jain Nikil K. , Preethi V , Monika
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to evaluate soft tissue changes resulting from orthognathic surgery, specifically LeFort osteotomy, and distraction osteogenesis, in individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) suffering from midface hypoplasia. Following PRISMA guidelines, eight papers met inclusion criteria, with six providing quantitative data for meta-analysis. Notably, significant improvements were observed in both hard and soft tissues, particularly with horizontal maxillary advancement. Overall, orthognathic surgery positively influenced soft tissue profiles, especially the combination of LeFort osteotomy and sagittal split osteotomy. Moreover, maxillary distraction osteogenesis demonstrated superior soft tissue changes compared to LeFort I osteotomy alone, suggesting avenues for further research and potential enhancements.
Left ventricular pacing in a young African patient with a metallic tricuspid valve and infected epicardial leads: A case report
Authors: Singhal MP , Udyavar A
Published: November 2024

Tricuspid valve pathology is a relatively common anomaly. In patients with mechanical tricuspid valve replacement, implantation of a permanent pacemaker can be challenging due to the risk of valve damage, failure, and lead fracture associated with right ventricular endocardial leads. Epicardial leads may be an option, but they require a surgical procedure and are not preferred in patients with prior thoracotomy. This case report aims to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of left ventricular (LV) pacing via the coronary sinus (CS) in a 30-year-old young female with a mechanical tricuspid valve and infected epicardial leads. Due to the complications and contraindications of traditional approaches, Lead implantation via the CS was utilized. This method allowed for successful pacemaker implantation, demonstrating the feasibility and safety of LV pacing in such complex cases. The use of CS-guiding catheters and specialized leads facilitated effective cannulation and stable, reliable pacing, avoiding the need for further invasive surgeries.
Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome attenuates spiral ganglion neuron degeneration in aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss
Authors: Fang Jia , Li Zhuangzhuang , Wang Pengjun , Zhang Xiaoxu , Mao Song , Li Yini , Yu Dongzhen , Li Xiaoyan , Xing Yazhi , Shi Haibo , Yin Shankai
Published: November 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202510000-00031/figure1/v/2024-11-26T163120Z/r/image-tiff

Aminoglycosides are a widely used class of antibacterials renowned for their effectiveness and broad antimicrobial spectrum. However, their use leads to irreversible hearing damage by causing apoptosis of hair cells as their direct target. In addition, the hearing damage caused by aminoglycosides involves damage of spiral ganglion neurons upon exposure. To investigate the mechanisms underlying spiral ganglion neuron degeneration induced by aminoglycosides, we used a C57BL/6J mouse model treated with kanamycin. We found that the mice exhibited auditory deficits following the acute loss of outer hair cells. Spiral ganglion neurons displayed hallmarks of pyroptosis and exhibited progressive degeneration over time. Transcriptomic profiling of these neurons showed significant upregulation of genes associated with inflammation and immune response, particularly those related to the NLRP3 inflammasome. Activation of the canonical pyroptotic pathway in spiral ganglion neurons was observed, accompanied by infiltration of macrophages and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Pharmacological intervention targeting NLRP3 using Mcc950 and genetic intervention using NLRP3 knockout ameliorated spiral ganglion neuron degeneration in the injury model. These findings suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome–mediated pyroptosis plays a role in aminoglycoside-induced spiral ganglion neuron degeneration. Inhibition of this pathway may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for treating sensorineural hearing loss by reducing spiral ganglion neuron degeneration.
Longitudinal assessment of peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota in an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Li Hongli , Huang Jianhua , Zhao Di , Zhu Lemei , Zhang Zheyu , Yi Min , Peng Weijun
Published: November 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202510000-00028/figure1/v/2024-11-26T163120Z/r/image-tiff

Alzheimer’s disease not only affects the brain, but also induces metabolic dysfunction in peripheral organs and alters the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate systemic changes that occur in Alzheimer’s disease, in particular the association between changes in peripheral organ metabolism, changes in gut microbial composition, and Alzheimer’s disease development. To do this, we analyzed peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota in amyloid precursor protein-presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) transgenic and control mice at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Twelve-month-old APP/PS1 mice exhibited cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease–related brain changes, distinctive metabolic disturbances in peripheral organs and fecal samples (as detected by untargeted metabolomics sequencing), and substantial changes in gut microbial composition compared with younger APP/PS1 mice. Notably, a strong correlation emerged between the gut microbiota and kidney metabolism in APP/PS1 mice. These findings suggest that alterations in peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota are closely related to Alzheimer’s disease development, indicating potential new directions for therapeutic strategies.
A decision tree model for traffic accident prediction among food delivery riders in Thailand
Authors: Molo Muslimah , Changsan Suttida , Madares Lila , Changkwanyeun Ruchirada , Wattanasoei Supang , Vittaporn Supa , Khamnuan Patcharin , Pongpan Surangrat , Pooseesod Kasama , Saita Sayambhu
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES: Food delivery riders (FDRs) play a crucial role in the food delivery industry but face considerable challenges, including a rising number of traffic accidents. This study aimed to examine the incidence of traffic accidents and develop a decision tree model to predict the likelihood of traffic accidents among FDRs.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 257 FDRs in Chiang Mai and Lampang Province, Thailand. Participants were interviewed using questionnaires and provided self-reports of accidents over the previous 6 months. Univariable logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing traffic accidents. Subsequently, a decision tree model was developed to predict traffic accidents using a training and validation dataset split in a 70:30 ratio.RESULTS: The results indicated that 45.1% of FDRs had been involved in a traffic accident. The decision tree model identified several significant predictors of traffic accidents, including delivering food in the rain, job stress, fatigue, inadequate sleep, and the use of a modified motorcycle, achieving a prediction accuracy of 66.5%.CONCLUSIONS: Based on this model, we recommend several measures to minimize accidents among FDRs: ensuring adequate sleep, implementing work-rest schedules to mitigate fatigue, managing job-related stress effectively, inspecting motorcycle conditions before use, and exercising increased caution when delivering food during rainy conditions.
Ubiquitination in diabetes and its complications: A perspective from bibliometrics
Authors: Xiong Li-Yuan , Zhao Wei , Hu Fa-Quan , Zhou Xue-Mei , Zheng Yu-Jiao
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Diabetes has a substantial impact on public health, highlighting the need for novel treatments. Ubiquitination, an intracellular protein modification process, is emerging as a promising strategy for regulating pathological mechanisms. We hypothesize that ubiquitination plays a critical role in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications, and that understanding these mechanisms can lead to new therapeutic approaches.

AIM

To uncover the research trends and advances in diabetes ubiquitination and its complications, we conducted a bibliometric analysis.

METHODS

Studies on ubiquitination in diabetes mellitus and its complications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Visual mapping analysis was conducted using the CiteSpace software.

RESULTS

We gathered 791 articles published over the past 23 years, focusing on ubiquitination in diabetes and its associated complications. These articles originated from 54 countries and 386 institutions, with China as the leading contributor. Shanghai Jiao Tong University has the highest number of publications in this field. The most prominent authors contributing to this research area include Wei-Hua Zhang, with Zhang Y being the most frequently cited author. Additionally, The Journal of Biological Chemistry is noted as the most cited in this field. The predominant keywords included expression, activation, oxidative stress, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, degradation, and insulin resistance.

CONCLUSION

The role of ubiquitination in diabetes and its complications, such as diabetic nephropathy and cardiomyopathy, is a key research focus. However, these areas require further investigations.
Incidence moleculaire et distribution des virus associes a la Mosaique Africaine du Manioc au Sud-Kivu en Republique Democratique du Congo
Authors: Bulonza J.-C. , Ugencan P. , Muvirirwa R. , Empata L. , Bakelana T. , Muhindo H. , Dowiya B. , Monde G.
Published: November 2024

La maladie de la mosaïque du manioc (CMD) est une maladie redoutable des systèmes de production de manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) en Afrique subsaharienne. L’objectif de cette étude était d’établir les virus associés au CMD et leur distribution spatio-temporelle dans la province du Sud-Kivu en République démocratique du Congo. Au total, 590 échantillons de feuilles de manioc ont été collectés entre novembre 2020 et Mars 2022 et analysés au laboratoire à l’aide de méthodes moléculaires. Les résultats ont montré que diverses souches virales (African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV), East African Cassava Mosaic Virus (EACMV), ACMV+EACMV-UG, EACMCV et souches non spécifiées) étaient largement répandues dans le Sud-Kivu. La souche EACMV-UG était répandue dans tous les territoires de la province du Sud-Kivu, tandis que la souche camerounaise (EACMCV) n’a été trouvée que dans le territoire de Kalehe (2%). Il y avait une infection mixte (ACMV+EACMV-UG), bien qu’à des niveaux faibles, passant de 2,3 % en 2020 à 3 % en 2022. Tous les territoires étudiés présentaient une grande diversité de virus, à l’exception de celui d’Uvira, qui n’avait que l’EACMV-UG. Les virus ACMV étaient les plus abondants, suivis par l’EACMV-UG, dans la région étudiée. Une forte augmentation de la diversité virale s’est produite en 2020 et 2022, avec des taux passant de 33,07 à 57,5%.
Greenness assessment of continuous FIA-spectrophotometric method for quantitation of oxymetazoline in bulk and pharmaceutical forms
Authors: Fadhil Ghadah , A. Al-Uzri Wasan
Published: November 2024

An accurate and cost-effective method utilizing continuous flow injection spectroscopy has been developed for analyzing oxymetazoline hydrochloride in pharmaceutical and bulk powder forms. This new method involves reacting drug in an alkaline solution with diazotized 4-chloroaniline to produce an orange dye with a maximum absorption at λmax of 483 nm. The flow injection analysis approach was extensively studied in terms of both chemical and physical characteristics to achieve high sensitivity. Within a concentration range of 50-150 μg/mL and a detection limit of 10.4 μg/mL, oxymetazoline hydrochloride follows Beer's law when the experimental variables are optimized. The method's effectiveness was confirmed by achieving high reproducibility of less than 2% (n = 5). A statistical analysis comparing the proposed method to the standard spectrophotometric technique using F and t tests shown no significant differences in accuracy and precision. Additionally, the analytical greenness assessment and the green analytical procedure index were applied to assess the method's greenness and the results demonstrated that the flow injection analysis method satisfies the criteria of green analytical methodologies.
KEY WORDS: Flow injection analysis, Diazotization reaction, 4-Chloroaniline, Oxymetazoline hydrochloride
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 215-226.                                                           
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.3
Green synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and anti-cancer activity of silver nanoparticles using Aristolochia bracteolate plant leaf extract: experimental and theoretical calculations
Authors: Durairaju P. , Raja G. , Venkatesh G. , Govindasamy C. , S. El Newehy Ahmed , Haseena S. , Vennila P. , Balasubramaniyan S.
Published: November 2024

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Aristolochia bracteolate plant extracts. The nanoparticles were subsequently studied using various techniques such as UV-Vis, FTIR, EDS, XRD, SEM, and HR-TEM analysis. MTT assays have been utilized to determine the cytotoxicity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles at concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 15 μg. The Ab-AgNPs exhibited effective cytotoxic activity against MCF-7.  Anticancer activity studies revealed that Ab-AgNps produced comparable good results for standard cancer drugs. Ab-AgNPs are used for evaluating their antibacterial effectiveness against pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Aristolochic acid (AA1) and Aristolochic acid (AA2) are the major phytoconstituents in the Aristolochia bracteolate. The current study reports theoretical investigations of aristolochic acids (AA1 and AA2) as well as silver nanocages aristolochic acids using density functional theory. Furthermore, the silver-doped with Aristolochic acids (AA1 and AA2) was subjected and examined their of breast cancer activity using molecular docking analysis.
KEY WORDS: Aristolochia bracteolate, Silver nanoparticles, Transmission electron microscopy, Docking, Anti cancer active
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 271-286.                                                                
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.7
Teaching article - Exploring ethical research practices in Ethiopia: philosophical, cultural, and social reflections – an educational perspective
Authors: Adem Beyene Wondafrash
Published: November 2024

Background: In the current globalized scientific research environment, effective and responsible research across cultures requires researchers and their institutions to conduct themselves in culturally sensitive ways. The contract between researchers and society involves knowledge of and respect for cultural values and belief systems. It is increasingly recognized that engaging the local community as a partner, rather than imposing demands, helps to build mutually beneficial research cooperation and partnerships. This exploration explains some of the gaps that can be created between the researcher and the researched by cultural, political, socioeconomic, and other differences.Methods: This study reviews literature and considering the following exploratory points. If there is a philosophical, and historical background in Ethiopian society that could be linked with research ethics and communication, and if there are cultural factors in Ethiopia that could influence doing research ethically.Conclusion: To enhance a responsible and balanced approach towards research ethics in Ethiopia, a clear understanding of the social, human, and cultural meaning of informed consent, privacy, and the rights of the individual and the protection of personal, family, or local community interest must be considered. To conduct research responsibly, the involvement of the community, including key decision-makers in healthcare, ethics, research policy, governance, and science is crucial.
Pattern of diabetic retinopathy in a referral hospital in resource limited setting; institution based cross-sectional study
Authors: Feleke Feven , Negussie Dereje
Published: November 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of metabolic disorders that share the common feature of hyperglycemia. One-third of the global population of individuals with diabetes is estimated to have diabetic retinopathy.Method: The institution based cross sectional study was conducted at Menilik II Hospital from March 2022 to September 2022 GC. A complete eye exam was performed to reach a diagnosis by a retina specialist using a slit lamp microscope coupled with a 90D lens. Data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science.Results: In this study, a total of 222 diabetic patients were enrolled. There were 116 males (52.3%). Diabetic retinopathy was mild in 28 (12.6%), moderate in 58 (26.1%), severe in 23 (10.4%) and proliferative in 60 (27%) patients. Moderate and severe visual impairment was observed in 26 (15.1%) patients; 24 (14.2%) had mild visual impairment, and 53 (31.4%) patients were blind. Among the 163 diabetic retinopathy patients who had fasting blood sugar tests, 109 (66.9%) had poor glycemic control. Among the 56 diabetic retinopathy patients who had Hb A1c measurements, 89.5% had poor glycemic control.Conclusion: Visual-threatening diabetic retinopathy is more common in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and requires multi-sectoral collaboration to decrease visual loss.
Profile of secondary glaucoma in a resource-limited setup: institution-based cross- sectional study
Authors: Gebrekidan Gebreabzgi Teklay , Alemu Abiye Mulugeta
Published: November 2024

Background: Prevalence and types of secondary glaucoma varies between countries. This study aims to determine the current clinical profile, proportion, and causes of various types of secondary glaucoma in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients at Menelik II Specialized Hospital.Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a glaucoma clinic between May 1 and July 31, 2022. All newly diagnosed secondary glaucoma patients aged 18 years and above were included. A structured questionnaire comprising socio-demographic data, history, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slitlamp, gonioscopy, fundus examination findings, and finally, the diagnosis was used. Data management and analysis were done using SPSS version 26.Results: Four hundred forty-nine newly diagnosed glaucoma patients visited the clinic during the study period. One hundred seventy-three (38.53%) patients were diagnosed to have secondary glaucoma. The leading causes of secondary glaucoma were found to be Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (75.5%), followed by neovascular glaucoma (7%), uveitic glaucoma (6.7%), lens-induced glaucoma (5%), and miscellaneous causes (5.7%). Secondary glaucoma was a significant cause of visual morbidity, with 57.04% of eyes presenting with best corrected visual acuity of < 6/60, intraocular pressure > 30 mmHg in 45.3% of eyes, and 61.74% with a cup-to-disc ratio of ≥0.7.Conclusion: The leading causes of secondary glaucoma were found to be Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (75.5%), followed by neovascular glaucoma (7%), uveitic glaucoma (6.7%), lens-induced glaucoma (5%), and miscellaneous causes (5.7%). Secondary glaucoma is a significant cause of visual morbidity. Timely diagnosis and early and appropriate management are essential to prevent irreversible visual loss.
Conflits et escroquerie fonciers comme mode d’acquisition des parcelles dans la ville de Kinshasa
Authors: Lokwa Lenzimi Achille
Published: November 2024

Ce travail exploite et décrit les multiples conflits et surtout l’escroquerie qui ont pris naissance et grandissent en plaçant des racines dans le domaine foncier. L’escroquerie surabonde et touche en déséquilibrant profondément l’administration du ministère des Affaires foncières dans la périphérie et au centre de la ville de Kinshasa.
Et c’est surtout dans les nouveaux lotissements publics et privés tendant à soutenir et à renforcer une demande croissante de parcelles résidentielles par des individus ou des personnes morales que l’escroquerie excelle. Ces nouveaux lotissements deviennent des enjeux majeurs dus à la rareté des espaces constructibles, vu la surpopulation dans la ville due à l’afflux de déplacés des guerres et aux conflits interethniques sur Kinshasa.
Cette escroquerie tant déplorée affaiblit le pouvoir public de l’État congolais et met en conflit interminable les acquéreurs, les vendeurs, le pouvoir public et presque les agents des affaires foncières, surtout les géomètres. Un défi énorme à relever pour la République dans ce domaine précis et dans beaucoup d’autres domaines du pouvoir public de l’État congolais.
Effects of dietary supplementation with yeast chromium or dihydropyridine on milk composition and serum biochemical indices of periparturient dairy cows under heat stress
Authors: Zhang L.W. , Zhang Y.F. , Wang C. , Wang S.Q. , Zhang S.B. , Li J.D. , Gao S. , Qi Z.L. , Chen H.J.
Published: November 2024

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with chromium yeast (Cr-yeast) and dihydropyridine (DHP) on nutrient utilization, milk composition, and antioxidative status of prepartum dairy cows under heat stress. Twenty-four perinatal dairy cows (600 ± 14 kg; parity 2–3) were divided into three groups and fed the same basal diet with no supplement (control group), 8 g of Cr-yeast (Cr-yeast group), or 3 g of DHP (DHP group) per day. The experimental period consisted of a 7-d adaptation period and a 30-d data collection period from day 27 prepartum to day 3 postpartum. The temperature humidity index (THI) observed at daytime during the trial period exceeded 72, and the mean daily THI was 79.43. Norepinephrine in the Cr-yeast group decreased in prepartum cows. Serum cortisol in Cr-yeast or DHP group cows was lower in the postpartum period than in the control; however, serum cortisol levels decreased in the DHP group in the prepartum period. Dietary supplementation with Cr-yeast increased the digestibility of ether extract and the concentration of milk fat, while the solid non-fat (SNF) level was reduced. In the DHP group, the lactoprotein content was higher than the control. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was higher and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content tended to increase before calving in the Cr-yeast and DHP groups. Dietary supplementation with Cr-yeast or DHP can relieve the adverse impact caused by heat stress in prepartum dairy cows.
Wykonawczynie roli Edmei w Mauprat George Sand
Authors: Waszkiel Halina
Published: November 2024

The present article is to be treated as a source article. It reports on subsequent stage productions of Mauprat – a George Sand’s play staged in Warsaw theatres in the second half of the 19th century (with a short episode in the 20th century). The main female role, Edmea, was played by: Salomea Palińska (1856), Helena Modjeska (1869), Maria Deryng (1878) and Aldona Jasińska (1918). As the basis for source research Warsaw magazines: especially post-premiere articles were used. The research methodology is determined by the nature of the sources. The article includes a preserved theatrical handwritten copy (prompter) of the discussed play from the collection of the Lviv Library. Based on numerous press reviews (quoted abundantly), attempts were made to describe the nature of the performances and their reception by the audience and critics. Information (unfortunately sporadic) is included about such elements of performances as scenography and costumes. The most important direction within the research proposed in the article is an attempt to determine the specificity of the performance of subsequent actresses playing the role of Edmea. Knowledge about the 19th century theatre is still incomplete, and an attempt to extract an image of old performances from the preserved materials is at risk of fragmentation. In the case of Mauprat however, it is possible to capture a handful of important indicators that broaden the knowledge on reception of George Sand’s plays on Polish stages, and on durability of the Romantic style in theatre, and finally on outstanding actresses and actors of those years.
Druga Reforma Teatru
Authors: Braun Kazimierz
Published: November 2024

The history of theatre in the twentieth century distinguishes two theatre reforms. The first took place from the final years of the nineteenth century into the late 1930s. The second was from the mid-1950s to the late 1980s. These were movements of renewal and modernization of the art of theatre. Started by individual artists and small groups and assisted by playwrights and theorists – who were often the artists themselves – both reforms gradually reached wider areas of theatre life. The Second Reform was a reformist movement of young, avant-garde, rebellious and experimental theatre in a searching state. The movement originated in the 1950s in Poland within student and alternative theatres as well as in the United States, as Off-Broadway and then Off-Off-Broadway. It reached tremendous level of expression in the 1960s through the work of Jerzy Grotowski’s Laboratory Theatre, Bread and Puppet Theater, Living Theatre and several other companies in many countries all around the world. It matured in the 1970s, bringing out the theatre of Tadeusz Kantor. In the 1980s, it resulted in Włodzimierz Staniewski’s “Gardzienice.” However, it did not reach some areas of theatre at all. Throughout the West, in South America, Australia and in Japan, the Second Reform was a challenge and an alternative to commercial, popular and traditional theatre. In the part of Europe that was under Soviet Union’s control, the Second Reform was a challenge to totalitarian regimes; it undermined totalitarian censorship and disregarded the communist iron curtain. Its productions were manifestations of freedom. In the field of performance’s creation, the Second Reform brought out and accentuated the communality and processuality of theatre art. In the field of directing, the Second Reform decisively placed the director at the head of the team of creators preparing and executing a theatrical performance. In the field of acting, the Second Reform introduced “acting of being” in place of “acting of character.” In the aspect of space, the Second Reform sought out to integrate the playing area and the observation area of the show; its lasting achievement became a theatre with variable space, “the black box.” In the field of literature, the Second Reform questioned the underlying function of drama in the theatre, practiced “writing on stage” as well as “creating” the text of the show by the actors themselves, and “adapting” existing dramas by the director. The author of this article witnessed, chronicled and participated in the Second Theater Reform. He created productions in its spirit and wrote about it.