bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diode Display Based on MoS2 Backplane Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Ji Seunghyeon , Bae Sa‐Rang , Hu Luhing , Hoang Anh Tuan , Seol Myeong Jin , Hong Juyeong , Katiyar Ajit Kumar , Kim Beom Jin , Xu Duo , Kim Soo Young , Ahn Jong‐Hyun
Published: November 2023

The uniform deposition of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) and their integration with backplane thin‐film transistors (TFTs) remain challenging for large‐area display applications. Herein, an active‐matrix PeLED display fabricated via the heterogeneous integration of cesium lead bromide LEDs and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)‐based TFTs is presented. The single‐source evaporation method enables the deposition of highly uniform perovskite thin films over large areas. PeLEDs are integrated with MoS2 TFTs to fabricate an active‐matrix PeLED display with an 8 × 8 array, which exhibits excellent brightness control capability and high switching speed. This study demonstrates the potential of PeLEDs as candidates for next‐generation displays and presents a novel approach for fabricating optoelectronic devices via the heterogeneous integration of 2D materials and perovskites, thereby paving the way toward the fabrication of practical future optoelectronic systems.
Breadmaking‐Inspired Antioxidant Porous Yeast Microcarriers for Stem Cell Delivery in Diabetic Wound Treatment
Authors: Wu Xiangyi , Zhu Haofang , Song Chuanhui , Tan Qian , Zhao Yuanjin , Shang Luoran
Published: November 2023

Stem cell‐based therapies have exhibited significant promise in the treatment of diabetic ulcers (DU). Nevertheless, enhancing the survival rate and functionality of transplanted stem cells poses a substantial challenge. In this study, inspired by the breadmaking process, yeast microcarriers (YMC) are devised as vehicles for stem cells to address these challenges. The fabrication of YMC involves the amalgamation of microfluidic emulsification with yeast‐mediated fermentation, yielding microcarriers with outstanding biocompatibility, high porosity, and antioxidant activity. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) seeded onto YMC display remarkable cell viability and retain their cellular functions effectively. Additionally, YMC boast a rich glutathione content and exhibit remarkable ROS scavenging ability, thus shielding the ADSCs from oxidative stress. In vivo experiments further substantiate that ADSC@YMC implementation significantly lowered ROS levels in diabetic wounds, resulting in enhanced stem cell retention and improved angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and tissue regeneration. These results highlight the potential of ADSC@YMC as a promising platform for delivering stem cell in the treatment of diabetic wounds.
Machine‐Learning‐Driven G‐Quartet‐Based Circularly Polarized Luminescence Materials
Authors: Dai Yankai , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Dong , Li Tianliang , Ren Yuze , Chen Jingqi , Feng Lingyan
Published: November 2023

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have garnered significant interest due to their potential applications in chiral functional devices. Synthesizing CPL materials with a high dissymmetry factor (glum) remains a significant challenge. Inspired by efficient machine learning (ML) applications in scientific research, this work demonstrates ML‐based techniques for the first time to guide the synthesis of G‐quartet‐based CPL gels with high glum values and multiple chiral regulation strategies. Employing an “experiment‐prediction‐verification” approach, this work devises a ML classification and regression model for the solvothermal synthesis of G‐quartet gels in deep eutectic solvents. This process illustrates the relationship between various synthesis parameters and the glum value. The decision tree algorithm demonstrates superior performance across six ML models, with model accuracy and determination coefficients amounting to 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. The screened CPL gels exhibiting a glum value up to 0.15 are obtained through combined ML guidance and experimental verification, among the highest ones reported till now for biomolecule‐based CPL systems. These findings indicate that ML can streamline the rational design of chiral nanomaterials, thereby expediting their further development.
Satellite‐Type Sulfur Atom Distribution in Trithiocarbonate Bond‐Bridged Dimeric Prodrug Nanoassemblies: Achieving Both Stability and Activatability
Authors: Li Lingxiao , Liu Tian , Zuo Shiyi , Li Yaqiao , Zhao Erwei , Lu Qi , Wang Danping , Sun Yixin , He Zhonggui , Sun Bingjun , Sun Jin
Published: November 2023

Homodimeric prodrug nanoassemblies (HDPNs) hold promise for improving the delivery efficiency of chemo‐drugs. However, the key challenge lies in designing rational chemical linkers that can simultaneously ensure the chemical stability, self‐assembly stability, and site‐specific activation of prodrugs. The “in series” increase in sulfur atoms, such as trisulfide bond, can improve the assembly stability of HDPNs to a certain extent, but limits the chemical stability of prodrugs. Herein, trithiocarbonate bond (─SC(S)S─), with a stable “satellite‐type” distribution of sulfur atoms, is developed via the insertion of a central carbon atom in trisulfide bonds. ─SC(S)S─ bond effectively addresses the existing predicament of HDPNs by improving the chemical and self‐assembly stability of homodimeric prodrugs while maintaining the on‐demand bioactivation. Furthermore, ─SC(S)S─ bond inhibits antioxidant defense system, leading to up‐regulation of the cellular ROS and apoptosis of tumor cells. These improvements of ─SC(S)S─ bond endow the HDPNs with in vivo longevity and tumor specificity, ultimately enhancing the therapeutic outcomes. ─SC(S)S─ bond is, therefore, promising for overcoming the bottleneck of HDPNs for efficient oncological therapy.
Photodynamic Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Network Boosted Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Qian Jieying , Yang Zhenyu , Song Yang , Pan Wenping , Ye Yayi , Qin Xiaohua , Yan Xianwu , Huang Xiaowan , Wang Xingwu , Gao Meng , Zhang Yunjiao
Published: November 2023

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) represents a promising approach for enhancing tumor therapy efficacy by inducing antitumor immune response. However, current ICD inducers often have insufficient endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enrichment and ineffectiveness in tumor immune escape caused by ER‐mitochondria interaction. In this study, a kind of photoactivatable probe, THTTPy‐PTSA, which enables sequential targeting of the ER and mitochondria is developed. THTTPy‐PTSA incorporates p‐Toluenesulfonamide (PTSA) for ER targeting, and upon light irradiation, the tetrahydropyridine group undergoes a photo oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, transforming into a pyridinium group that acts as a mitochondria‐targeting moiety. The results demonstrate that THTTPy‐PTSA exhibits exceptional subcellular translocation from the ER to mitochondria upon light irradiation treatment, subsequently triggers a stronger ER stress response through a cascade‐amplification effect. Importantly, the augmented ER stress leads to substantial therapeutic efficacy in a 4T1 tumor model by eliciting the release of numerous damage‐associated molecular patterns, thereby inducing evident and widespread ICD, consequently enhancing the antitumor immune efficacy. Collectively, the findings emphasize the pivotal role of photodynamic modulation of the ER‐mitochondria network, facilitated by THTTPy‐PTSA with precise spatial and temporal regulation, in effectively bolstering the antitumor immune response. This innovative approach presents a promising alternative for addressing the challenges associated with cancer immunotherapy.
Machine Learning Driven Channel Thickness Optimization in Dual‐Layer Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors for Advanced Electrical Performance
Authors: Lee Jiho , Lee Jae Hak , Lee Chan , Lee Haeyeon , Jin Minho , Kim Jiyeon , Shin Jong Chan , Lee Eungkyu , Kim Youn Sang
Published: November 2023

Machine learning (ML) provides temporal advantage and performance improvement in practical electronic device design by adaptive learning. Herein, Bayesian optimization (BO) is successfully applied to the design of optimal dual‐layer oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (OS TFTs). This approach effectively manages the complex correlation and interdependency between two oxide semiconductor layers, resulting in the efficient design of experiment (DoE) and reducing the trial‐and‐error. Considering field effect mobility (𝜇) and threshold voltage (Vth) simultaneously, the dual‐layer structure designed by the BO model allows to produce OS TFTs with remarkable electrical performance while significantly saving an amount of experimental trial (only 15 data sets are required). The optimized dual‐layer OS TFTs achieve the enhanced field effect mobility of 36.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 and show good stability under bias stress with negligible difference in its threshold voltage compared to conventional IGZO TFTs. Moreover, the BO algorithm is successfully customized to the individual preferences by applying the weight factors assigned to both field effect mobility (𝜇) and threshold voltage (Vth).
PRMT3‐Mediated Arginine Methylation of METTL14 Promotes Malignant Progression and Treatment Resistance in Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yiru , Wang Can , Guan Xue , Ma Ying , Zhang Shijie , Li Fei , Yin Yue , Sun Zhenxing , Chen Xiuwei , Yin Hang
Published: November 2023

Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) plays essential roles in tumor initiation and progression, but its underlying mechanisms in the treatment sensitivity of endometrial cancer (EC) remain unclear and warrant further investigation. Here, a comprehensive analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas database and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium database identifies that PRMT3 plays an important role in EC. Specifically, further experiments show that PRMT3 inhibition enhances the susceptibility of EC cells to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, PRMT3 interacts with Methyltransferase 14 (METTL14) and is involved in its arginine methylation. In addition, PRMT3 inhibition‐mediated METTL14 overexpression promotes methylation modification via an m6A‐YTHDF2‐dependent mechanism, reducing Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mRNA stability, increasing lipid peroxidation levels, and accelerating ferroptosis. Notably, combined PRMT3 blockade and anti‐PD‐1 therapy display more potent antitumor effects by accelerating ferroptosis in cell‐derived xenograft models. The specific PRMT3 inhibitor SGC707 exerts the same immunotherapeutic sensitizing effect in a patient‐derived xenograft model. Notably, blocking PRMT3 improves tumor suppression in response to cisplatin and radiation therapy. Altogether, this work demonstrates that PRMT3 depletion is a promising target for EC.
Single‐Cell Transcriptome Atlas and Regulatory Dynamics in Developing Cotton Anthers
Authors: Li Yanlong , Ma Huanhuan , Wu Yuanlong , Ma Yizan , Yang Jing , Li Yawei , Yue Dandan , Zhang Rui , Kong Jie , Lindsey Keith , Zhang Xianlong , Min Ling
Published: November 2023

Plant anthers are composed of different specialized cell types with distinct roles in plant reproduction. High temperature (HT) stress causes male sterility, resulting in crop yield reduction. However, the spatial expression atlas and regulatory dynamics during anther development and in response to HT remain largely unknown. Here, the first single‐cell transcriptome atlas and chromatin accessibility survey in cotton anther are established, depicting the specific expression and epigenetic landscape of each type of cell in anthers. The reconstruction of meiotic cells, tapetal cells, and middle layer cell developmental trajectories not only identifies novel expressed genes, but also elucidates the precise degradation period of middle layer and reveals a rapid function transition of tapetal cells during the tetrad stage. By applying HT, heterogeneity in HT response is shown among cells of anthers, with tapetal cells responsible for pollen wall synthesis are most sensitive to HT. Specifically, HT shuts down the chromatin accessibility of genes specifically expressed in the tapetal cells responsible for pollen wall synthesis, such as QUARTET 3 (QRT3) and CYTOCHROME P450 703A2 (CYP703A2), resulting in a silent expression of these genes, ultimately leading to abnormal pollen wall and male sterility. Collectively, this study provides substantial information on anthers and provides clues for heat‐tolerant crop creation.
Enhanced C‐To‐T and A‐To‐G Base Editing in Mitochondrial DNA with Engineered DdCBE and TALED
Authors: Wei Yinghui , Jin Ming , Huang Shuhong , Yao Fangyao , Ren Ningxin , Xu Kun , Li Shangpu , Gao Pengfei , Zhou Yingsi , Chen Yulin , Yang Hui , Li Wen , Xu Chunlong , Zhang Meiling , Wang Xiaolong
Published: November 2023

Mitochondrial base editing with DddA‐derived cytosine base editor (DdCBE) is limited in the accessible target sequences and modest activity. Here, the optimized DdCBE tools is presented with improved editing activity and expanded C‐to‐T targeting scope by fusing DddA11 variant with different cytosine deaminases with single‐strand DNA activity. Compared to previous DdCBE based on DddA11 variant alone, fusion of the activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) from Xenopus laevis not only permits cytosine editing of 5′‐GC‐3′ sequence, but also elevates editing efficiency at 5′‐TC‐3′, 5′‐CC‐3′, and 5′‐GC‐3′ targets by up to 25‐, 10‐, and 6‐fold, respectively. Furthermore, the A‐to‐G editing efficiency is significantly improved by fusing the evolved DddA6 variant with TALE‐linked deoxyadenosine deaminase (TALED). Notably, the authors introduce the reported high‐fidelity mutations in DddA and add nuclear export signal (NES) sequences in DdCBE and TALED to reduce off‐target editing in the nuclear and mitochondrial genome while improving on‐target editing efficiency in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Finally, these engineered mitochondrial base editors are shown to be efficient in installing mtDNA mutations in human cells or mouse embryos for disease modeling. Collectively, the study shows broad implications for the basic study and therapeutic applications of optimized DdCBE and TALED.
Distinct Excitonic Emissions in 2D (C7H7N2)2PbX4 (X = Cl, Br) under Compression
Authors: Zhang Hai , Zhang Peijie , Xie Chenlong , Han Jiang , Xu Bin , Quan Zewei
Published: November 2023

Two dimensional (2D) hybrid metal halides (HMHs) usually exhibit free excitonic (FE) emission, and self‐trapped excitonic (STE) emission can also be achieved by adopting appropriate halogens and organic cations. Recently, significant efforts have been made to modulate and then clarify the transformation and connection between these two types of excitonic emissions in 2D HMHs. In this study, intriguing pressure‐tuned transitions between FE emission and STE emission are observed in 2D (C7H7N2)2PbCl4. In contrast, only FE emissions with tunable emission energies are observed in 2D (C7H7N2)2PbBr4 which possesses a similar structure with (C7H7N2)2PbCl4 under compression. Such distinct halide‐dependent optical responses under pressure are experimentally revealed to arise from the intricate interplay among several factors in these HMHs, including the stiffness of the structure, the Coulomb force between the organic cations and the inorganic octahedra, and the magnitude of inorganic octahedral distortion. These high‐pressure optical explorations can unravel the underlying interrelationship between the crystal structure and excitonic emission in 2D HMHs.
Biodegradable Cardiac Occluder with Surface Modification by Gelatin–Peptide Conjugate to Promote Endogenous Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Kong Pengxu , Liu Xiang , Li Zefu , Wang Jingrong , Gao Rui , Feng Shuyi , Li Hang , Zhang Fengwen , Feng Zujian , Huang Pingsheng , Wang Shouzheng , Zhuang Donglin , Ouyang Wenbin , Wang Weiwei , Pan Xiangbin
Published: November 2023

Transcatheter intervention has been the preferred treatment for congenital structural heart diseases by implanting occluders into the heart defect site through minimally invasive access. Biodegradable polymers provide a promising alternative for cardiovascular implants by conferring therapeutic function and eliminating long‐term complications, but inducing in situ cardiac tissue regeneration remains a substantial clinical challenge. PGAG (polydioxanone/poly (l‐lactic acid)–gelatin–A5G81) occluders are prepared by covalently conjugating biomolecules composed of gelatin and layer adhesive protein‐derived peptides (A5G81) to the surface of polydioxanone and poly (l‐lactic acid) fibers. The polymer microfiber–biomacromolecule–peptide frame with biophysical and biochemical cues could orchestrate the biomaterial–host cell interactions, by recruiting endogenous endothelial cells, promoting their adhesion and proliferation, and polarizing immune cells into anti‐inflammatory phenotypes and augmenting the release of reparative cytokines. In a porcine atrial septal defect (ASD) model, PGAG occluders promote in situ tissue regeneration by accelerating surface endothelialization and regulating immune response, which mitigate inflammation and fibrosis formation, and facilitate the fusion of occluder with surrounding heart tissue. Collectively, this work highlights the modulation of cell–biomaterial interactions for tissue regeneration in cardiac defect models, ensuring endothelialization and extracellular matrix remodeling on polymeric scaffolds. Bioinspired cell–material interface offers a highly efficient and generalized approach for constructing bioactive coatings on medical devices.
Miscibility screening promotes the efficiency and stability of P3HT‐based organic solar cells
Authors: Xian Kaihu , Ma Ruijie , Zhou Kangkang , Liu Junwei , Gao Mengyuan , Zhao Wenchao , Li Miaomiao , Geng Yanhou , Ye Long
Published: November 2023

The power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has witnessed continuous breakthroughs in the past few years, mostly benefiting from the extensive use of a facile ternary blending strategy by blending the host polymer donor:small molecule acceptor mixture with a second small molecule acceptor. Nevertheless, this rather general strategy used in the well‐known PM6 systems fails in constructing high‐performance P3HT‐based ternary OPVs. As a result, the efficiencies of all resulting ternary blends based on a benchmark host P3HT:ZY‐4Cl and a second acceptor are no more than 8%. Employing the mutual miscibility of the binary blends as a guide to screen the second acceptor, here we were able to break the longstanding 10%‐efficiency barrier of ternary OPVs based on P3HT and dual nonfullerene acceptors. With this rational approach, we identified a multifunctional small molecule acceptor BTP‐2Br to simultaneously improve the photovoltaic performance in both P3HT and PM6‐based ternary OPVs. Attractively, the P3HT:ZY‐4Cl:BTP‐2Br ternary blend exhibited a record‐breaking efficiency of 11.41% for P3HT‐based OPVs. This is the first‐ever report that over 11% efficiency is achieved for P3HT‐based ternary OPVs. Importantly, the study helps the community to rely less on trial‐and‐error methods for constructing ternary solar cells.
Civic engagement training at a school for youth with a history of dropping out
Authors: Balcazar Fabricio E. , Garcia Marlen , Venson Sheila
Published: November 2023

Community psychologists have made significant contributions to the study of civic engagement, yet scarce studies have examined the impact of civic engagement training among youth with a history of dropping out. We describe an effort to promote civic education and action through a curriculum implemented at an alternative school that focuses on (a) developing awareness of the importance of engaging in social/political issues; (b) increasing civic participation; and (c) acquiring political advocacy and organizing experience. This evaluation of the civic engagement training summarizes the issues students reported in a public presentation as having had an impact in their lives; their historical, political, and social understanding of the issues; the ways in which they used a variety of social media to communicate information to different audiences; and their engagement in civic actions to impact their selected issues. Overall, students became more aware of their role as citizens and voters and wanted to share their experiences with their peers, friends, and families. The implications of promoting civic engagement among youth with a history of dropping out of school are discussed, as well as the challenges of the training implementation.
Children with Down syndrome who experience developmental skill loss, characterization, and phenomenology: A case series
Authors: Bernad‐Ripoll Susana , O'Neill Meghan , Capone George T.
Published: November 2023

Loss of previously acquired developmental skills in children with Down syndrome (DS) is not a well characterized phenomenon. We identified 20 confirmed cases of childhood‐onset skill loss for descriptive analysis. Eligible participants were recruited from a specialty clinic for persons with DS at a large medical center. Age and gender‐matched participants also with DS but without skill loss were used as a comparison group. Case and control participants were between 3 and 14 years (mean 7.6 yr) at the time of evaluation. Loss of previously acquired communication, social‐communication, and play skills was experienced by all cases, as well as new‐onset or intensification of pre‐existing maladaptive behaviors. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC)‐community was helpful in distinguishing group differences in maladaptive behavior among cases and controls. All cases met DSMIV criteria for autism. Developmental skill loss associated with autism is an extreme example of within‐group phenotypic variability and needs to be the focus of further research.
Prevalence of anomalies on the routine mid‐trimester ultrasound: 3172 consecutive cases by a single maternal–fetal medicine specialist
Authors: Walsh Colin A. , Lees Nicole
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Purpose

The routine mid‐trimester fetal anatomy ultrasound (FAS) is offered to every pregnant woman and remains critical in the detection of structural fetal anomalies. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of abnormalities on routine FAS performed by a single operator, who is an experienced sub‐specialist in maternal–fetal medicine.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of all routine FAS performed a tertiary private obstetric ultrasound practice in metropolitan Sydney over a 7‐year period, August 2015–July 2022. An advanced ultrasound protocol including detailed cardiac views was used in every case. Second opinion scans for suspected abnormalities were excluded. Fetal anomalies were classified into major and minor, based on the likely need for neonatal intervention.

Results

Among 14,908 obstetric ultrasound examinations, routine FAS were performed on 3172 fetuses by a single operator. More than 99% of women had screened low‐risk for fetal aneuploidy. Structural anomalies were identified in 5% (157/3172) of fetuses; the prevalence of major anomalies was 1% (30/3172). Almost 60% of total anomalies were either cardiac or renal. No differences were identified in anomaly rates for singletons compared with twins (5.0% vs. 4.2%; P = 0.75). The prevalence of placenta previa and vasa previa was 10% and 0.1%, respectively.

Discussion

The prevalence of fetal anomalies on routine FAS by a single operator using a standardised protocol was higher in our practice (5%) than in previously published studies. Although most anomalies were minor, the rate of major abnormality was 1%.

Conclusion

The routine mid‐trimester FAS remains an integral component of prenatal ultrasound screening.
On the Interaction of Massive Photons and Mechanical Oscillators in Cavity Optomechanics: Basic Model and Quantization
Authors: Mikki Said
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the theoretical aspects of the interaction between photons with mass and a mechanical oscillator as drawn within the framework of cavity optomechanics. The study employs Proca theory as the mathematical framework to initially describe the dynamics of massive photons in a Fabry‐Perot cavity with a movable mass, both in classical and quantum scenarios. It quantifies the modifications induced by the nonzero photon mass, considering first‐ and second‐order effects, and derives expressions for the amplification of radiation pressure resulting from the presence of nonzero photon mass. Additionally, it derives the Hamiltonian of the quantum optomechanical system, incorporating the effects of photon mass at first and second order. It anticipates that experimental realization of massive optomechanics can be achieved by utilizing Proca material, which is a spatio‐temporally dispersive material that exhibits behavior equivalent to Proca theory in a vacuum, thus enabling the study of the interaction between massive photons and mechanical systems in cavity‐based optomechanical setups (referred to as massive cavity optomechanics). The study presented here caters to a diverse audience with an interest in the analysis and measurement of interactions among massive objects at the quantum scale.
Electroreductive Synthesis of Nickel(0) Complexes**
Authors: Rubel Camille Z. , Cao Yilin , El‐Hayek Ewing Tamara , Laudadio Gabriele , Beutner Gregory L. , Wisniewski Steven R. , Wu Xiangyu , Baran Phil S. , Vantourout Julien C. , Engle Keary M.
Published: November 2023

Over the last fifty years, the use of nickel catalysts for facilitating organic transformations has skyrocketed. Nickel(0) sources act as useful precatalysts because they can enter a catalytic cycle through ligand exchange, without needing to undergo additional elementary steps. However, most Ni(0) precatalysts are synthesized with stoichiometric aluminum–hydride reductants, pyrophoric reagents that are not atom‐economical and must be used at cryogenic temperatures. Here, we demonstrate that Ni(II) salts can be reduced on preparative scale using electrolysis to yield a variety of Ni(0) and Ni(II) complexes that are widely used as precatalysts in organic synthesis, including bis(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) [Ni(COD)2]. This method overcomes the reproducibility issues of previously reported methods by standardizing the procedure, such that it can be performed anywhere in a robust manner. It can be transitioned to large scale through an electrochemical recirculating flow process and extended to an in situ reduction protocol to generate catalytic amounts of Ni(0) for organic transformations. We anticipate that this work will accelerate adoption of preparative electrochemistry for the synthesis of low‐valent organometallic complexes in academia and industry.
Investigation on strategies for optimizing process definition in rubber processing: A study on mechanical and chemical properties of vulcanizates as basis for the development of a new calculation model for quality prediction
Authors: Traintinger Martin , Kerschbaumer Roman C. , Hornbachner Michaela , Lechner Bernhard , Lucyshyn Thomas
Published: November 2023

Rubber compounds may exhibit significant batch variations due to multiple different ingredients mixed in one compound. Hence, defining the manufacturing process for constant part quality can be challenging. Common strategies in considering batch variations in rubber processing include the determination of reaction kinetics, and the definition of process parameters according to normalized vulcanization isotherms. Thereby, maintenance of the degree of cure is targeted. With this path, information on the mechanical properties of vulcanizates is lost, despite its visibility from the kinetic data and part quality assurance is missed. This contribution points out the differences obtained for parts produced to the same degree of cure at various temperatures and intends to emphasize new strategies in process definitions. Therefore, compression molded parts were produced from styrene‐butadien rubber, which was then characterized with mechanical and chemical methods. Each of the methods revealed a significant difference in part behavior, which were manufactured to the same degrees of cure but at different temperatures. It was concluded that a temperature‐dependent reaction rate should be considered when quality maintenance is targeted in the production. Only then will it be possible to predict the properties adequately, with simultaneous effect of enhancing sustainability policies in rubber processing.
Intrinsic Charge Trapping and Reversible Charge Induced Structural Modifications in a‐Si3N4
Authors: Hückmann Lukas , Cottom Jonathon , Meyer Jörg
Published: November 2023

Amorphous silicon nitride (a‐Si3N4) is an essential material for a wide variety of electronic devices, ranging from its use in dielectric layers to its paramount importance for memory applications. In particular, the latter has triggered the interest in charge trapping, for which so‐called N‐ and K‐centers have been identified in experiments – with the atomistic configuration still subject of vigorous debate. Here, the range of hole and electron traps in stoichiometric a‐Si3N4are revealed by combining atomistic calculations at different levels of theory. The variety of sites within the amorphous network are characterized by introducing a statistical sampling method to quantify the statistical completeness of structural models obtained from a melt‐quench procedure, in combination with a powerful local descriptor inspired by Tolman's angle. Hole trapping is dominated by two‐coordinate N‐centers, resulting in shallow hole traps. In contrast, electron trapping exhibits more nuanced behavior, encompassing both intrinsic polaronic trapping and the previously identified K‐center type trapping (silicon dangling bond *SiN3). Intrinsic polaronic trapping originates from distorted SiN4tetrahedra. Structural relaxation of the intrinsic polaron sites results in significant elongation of a Si‐N bond and reversible generation of *SiN3and N3Si‐SiNx∈ {3, 4} defects.
[4+2]‐Cycloaddition of 2‐Aminophenyl Enones with Cyclic N‐Sulfimines to Access Enantioenriched Ring‐Fused Aminals
Authors: Kim Yurim , Kim Yoseop , Kim Sung‐Gon
Published: November 2023

Ring‐fused aminal is an interesting structural skeleton in biologically active and pharmaceutically relevant compounds. A novel and efficient method for synthesizing benzosulfamidate‐fused tetrahydroquinazolines is described. By employing the [4+2]‐cycloaddition of 2‐aminophenyl enones with cyclic N‐sulfimines in the presence of DMAP as a base, the desired benzosulfamidate‐fused tetrahydroquinazolines were obtained in good yields with high diastereoselectivities. Furthermore, an organocatalytic asymmetric [4+2]‐cycloaddition was successfully achieved using a squaramide‐based catalyst, enabling the enantioselective synthesis of chiral ring‐fused tetrahydroquinazolines with high yields and enantio‐ as well as diastereoselectivities (up to 89 % yield, 94 % ee, and >30 : 1 dr).
Electrospinning of photochromic poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanofibers toward information authentication
Authors: El‐Newehy Mohamed H. , Aldalbahi Ali , Thamer Badr M. , Abdulhameed Meera Moydeen
Published: November 2023

The use of photochromism to enhance the anti‐counterfeiting of a wide range of economic goods is an intriguing prospect. Creating a translucent anti‐counterfeiting nanocomposite is critical to improving the engineering procedures of the encoding materials. Herein, we use electrospinning to produce anti‐counterfeiting nanofibrous films from nanoparticles of rare‐earth aluminate (NREA) and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Different nanofiber films with distinct emission properties were created using different ratios of NREA. The ultraviolet (UV)‐induced photochromism of the NREA@PET nanofibers was proved. Immobilizing NREA at the nanoscale ensures better dispersion without agglomeration in the PET nanofibrous matrix, which is essential for the development of transparent NREA@PET films. Diameters of 4–13 nm for NREA were shown using transmission electron microscopy. X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping, and other techniques were used to investigate the photochromic nanofibers' morphology, elemental contents, optical transmittance, and mechanical performance. It was observed that the nanofiber diameter in NREA@PET was between 150 and 250 nm. Excitation and emission bands of electrospun NREA@PET nanofibrous films were monitored at 365 and 518 nm, respectively. The superhydrophobicity of NREA@PET increased with increasing NREA concentration. The transparent nanofibers exhibited fast and reversible dual‐mode fluorescent photochromism to green emission without fatigue when stimulated beneath a UV source. Using the present anti‐counterfeiting films can be regarded as a simple technique to develop flexible materials to launch an ideal marketplace with affordable societal and economic advantages.
The effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on cycling ergometry and recovery in healthy young individuals
Authors: Hatik Sefa Haktan , Arslan Mesut , Demirbilek Ömer , Özden Ali Veysel
Published: November 2023

Background

It is aimed to examine the potential benefits and effects of the use of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for sporting purposes on recovery, fatigue, and sportive performance level.

Methods

In this study, 90 people between the ages of 18–23 were participated. They were randomly divided into three groups as bilateral sham, unilateral left, and bilateral VNS. A 4‐day protocol was applied to the participants. Cycling exercise was performed with maximum performance for 30 min under the same watt load. Pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, distance, pain, fatigue, lactic acid level, and autonomic nervous system were evaluated.

Results

Within the groups, there was a statistically significant difference between the data (p < .05) except for the distance covered parameter. When we compare the groups, in addition to the distance traveled in all groups, there is no statistically significant difference in the 1st day 1st measurement and 2nd measurement data of all parameters (p > .05 When we compared the data according to days, there was a statistically significant difference between bilateral stimulation (BS) and unilateral stimulation, only pain and fatigue levels (p < .05).

Conclusion

In our study, we saw that BS application gave positive results in reducing pain and fatigue due to cycling exercise compared to other applications. Similar results were obtained when we evaluated the data on a daily basis. We believe that VNS will be beneficial in reducing pain and fatigue, especially during and after the competition halftime.
Uroprotective Potential of Campesterol in Cyclophosphamide Induced Interstitial Cystitis; Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Javed Joham , Anjum Irfan , Najm Saima , Ali Naila , Nasir Hayat Malik Muhammad , Jahan Shah , Dawoud Turki M. , Nafidi Hiba‐Allah , Bourhia Mohammed
Published: November 2023

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is commonly used to treat cancer of the ovaries, breast, lymph, and blood system and produces interstitial cystitis (IC) via its urotoxic metabolite: i. e., acrolein. The present study was aimed to investigate the uroprotective effect of campesterol (a steroidal phytochemical) in cyclophosphamide induced IC. IC was induced by CYP (150 mg/kg, i. p.) in rats. The Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for oxidative stress markers and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for inflammatory cytokines were carried out. The Tissue Organ Bath Technique was used for the evaluation of the spasmolytic effect of campesterol. Different pharmacological antagonists have been used to explore the mechanism of action of campesterol. Treatment with campesterol (70 mg/kg) reduced nociception (55 %), edema (67 %), hemorrhage (67 %), and protein leakage significantly (94 %). The antioxidant activity of campesterol was exhibited by a fall in MDA, NO, and an elevation in SOD, CAT, and GPX levels. Campesterol presented anti‐inflammatory potential by decreasing IL‐1, TNF‐α, and TGF‐β expression levels. Histologically, it preserved urothelium from the deleterious effect of CYP. Campesterol showed a spasmolytic effect by reducing bladder overactivity that was dependent on muscarinic receptors, voltage‐gated calcium and KATP channels, and cyclo‐oxygenase pathways. In silico studies confirmed the biochemical findings. The findings suggest that campesterol could be valorized as a possible therapeutic agent against cyclophosphamide‐induced interstitial cystitis.
Effects of atherectomy on major adverse limb events for femoropopliteal interventions: Vascular Quality Initiative registry
Authors: Effoe Valery S. , Mewissen Mark W. , Bajwa Tanvir K. , Khitha Jayant , Kostopoulos Louie , Ammar Khawaja A. , Nfor Tonga K.
Published: November 2023

Background

Atherectomy use in treatment of femoropopliteal disease has significantly increased despite scant evidence of benefit to long‐term clinical outcomes.

Aims

We investigated the clinical benefits of atherectomy over standard treatment for femoropopliteal interventions.

Methods

Using data from the Society of Vascular Surgery's Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) registry, we identified patients who underwent isolated femoropopliteal interventions for occlusive disease. We compared 13,423 patients treated with atherectomy with 47,371 receiving standard treatment; both groups were allowed definitive treatment with a drug‐coated balloon or stenting. The primary endpoint was major adverse limb events (MALEs), which is a composite of target vessel re‐occlusion, ipsilateral major amputation, and target vessel revascularization.

Results

Mean age was 69 ± 11 years, and patients were followed for a median of 30 months. Overall rates of complications were slightly higher in the atherectomy group than the standard treatment group (6.2% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis, after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates, atherectomy use was associated with a 13% reduction in risk of MALEs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–0.98). Rates of major and minor amputations were significantly lower in the atherectomy group (3.2% vs. 4.6% and 3.3% vs. 4.3%, respectively, both p < 0.001), primarily driven by a significantly decreased risk of major amputations (aOR 0.69; 95% CI: 0.52–0.91). There were no differences in 30‐day mortality, primary patency, and target vessel revascularization between the atherectomy and standard treatment groups.

Conclusions

In adults undergoing femoropopliteal interventions, the use of atherectomy was associated with a reduction in MALEs compared with standard treatment.
International survey of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention operators
Authors: Simsek Bahadir , Rempakos Athanasios , Kostantinis Spyridon , Alexandrou Michaella , Karacsonyi Judit , Rangan Bavana V. , Mastrodemos Olga C. , Mutlu Deniz , Abi Rafeh Nidal , Alaswad Khaldoon , Avran Alexandre , Azzalini Lorenzo , ElGuindy Ahmed , Egred Mohaned , Goktekin Omer , Gorgulu Sevket , Jaber Wissam , Kearney Kathleen E. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Lombardi William L. , Mashayekhi Kambis , McEntegart Margaret , Nicholson William , Rinfret Stephane , Allana Salman S. , Sandoval Yader , Nicholas Burke M. , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: November 2023

Background

Contemporary chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice has received limited study.

Aim

To examine the contemporary CTO PCI practice.

Methods

We performed an online, anonymous, international survey of CTO PCI operators.

Results

Five hundred forty‐five CTO PCI operators and 190 interventional cardiology fellows with an interest in CTO PCI participated in this survey. Almost half were from the United States (41%), most (93%) were men, and the median h/week spent in the hospital was 58. Median annual case numbers were 205 (150−328) for PCIs and 20 (5−50) for CTO PCIs. Almost one‐fifth (17%) entered CTO cases into registries, such as PROGRESS‐CTO (55%) and EuroCTO (20%). More than one‐third worked at academic institutions (39%), 31% trained dedicated CTO fellows, and 22% proctored CTO PCI. One‐third (34%) had dedicated CTO PCI days. Most (51%) never discharged CTO patients the same day, while 17% discharged CTO patients the same day >50% of the time. After successful guidewire crossing, 38% used intravascular imaging >90% of the time. Most used CTO scores including J‐CTO (81%), PROGRESS‐CTO (35%), and PROGRESS‐CTO complications scores (30%). Coronary artery perforation was encountered within the last month by 19%. On a scale of 0−10, the median comfort levels in treating coronary artery perforation were: covered stents 8.8 (7.0−10), coil embolization 5.0 (2.1−8.5), and fat embolization 3.7 (0.6−7.3). Most (51%) participants had a complication cart/kit and 25% conducted regular complication drills with catheterization laboratory staff.

Conclusion

Contemporary CTO PCI practices vary widely. Further research on barriers to following the guiding principles of CTO PCI may improve patient outcomes.
Preparation of Heterojunction Catalysts for Photocatalysis byin‐situSynthesis: What We Should Do Next?
Authors: Wu Jiaming , Du Jun , He Xiaoyu , Guo Xinwen
Published: November 2023

The construction of heterojunction is one of the most effective ways to improve the activity of photocatalysts, whilein‐situsynthesis technology can provide the most intimate interfacial contact during the preparation of heterojunction. Heterojunction photocatalysts prepared byin‐situsynthesis have shown excellent performance in solar energy conversion and environmental purification. The convenient preparation process is also suitable for large‐scale production. In this review, we summarize the common synthesis methods and characterization techniques for thein‐situsynthesis of heterojunctions, and list the applications of these catalysts in the photocatalytic field. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current research onin‐situsynthesis and look forward to its great prospects.
Recent Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Cyclobutenes
Authors: Hu Fangdong , Zhao Yueting , Che Lin , Yan Xufei , Xia Ying
Published: November 2023

Cyclobutene scaffolds occur in natural products and bioactive compounds. Their unique structural features and intrinsic ring strain make cyclobutene a type of important building block in synthetic chemistry. In recent years, considerable efforts have been dedicated to the synthesis of chiral cyclobutenes. Enantioselective [2+2] cycloadditions and functionalization of cyclobutene derivatives have emerged as powerful and reliable protocols for achieving this goal, resulting in significant progress in this field. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advancements in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral cyclobutenes, and the discussion is logically divided into four parts according to the reaction mode.
Experimental and Computational Studies for the Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopropanes from 2‐Substituted Allylic Derivatives with Ethyl Diazoacetate
Authors: Zhao Chengtao , Besset Tatiana , Legault Claude Y. , Jubault Philippe
Published: November 2023

The catalytic asymmetric synthesis of highly functionalized cyclopropanes from 2‐substituted allylic derivatives is reported. Using ethyl diazo acetate, the reaction, catalyzed by a chiral ruthenium complex (Ru(II)‐Pheox), furnished the corresponding easily separable cis and trans cyclopropanes in moderate to high yields (32‐97 %) and excellent ee (86‐99 %). This approach significantly extends the portfolio of accessible enantioenriched cyclopropanes from an underexplored class of olefins. DFT calculations suggest that an outer‐sphere mechanism is operative in this system.
Pyranthiones/Pyrones: “Click and Release” Donors for Subcellular Hydrogen Sulfide Delivery and Labeling**
Authors: Huang Wei , Gunawardhana Nipuni , Zhang Yunlei , Escorihuela Jorge , Laughlin Scott T.
Published: November 2023

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), one of the most important gasotransmitters, plays a critical role in endogenous signaling pathways of many diseases. However, developing H2S donors with both tunable release kinetics and high release efficiency for subcellular delivery has been challenging. Here, we describe a click and release reaction between pyrone/pyranthiones and bicyclononyne (BCN). This reaction features a release of CO2/COS with second‐order rate constants comparable to Strain‐Promoted Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition reactions (SPAACs). Interestingly, pyranthiones showed enhanced reaction rates compared to their pyrone counterparts. We investigated pyrone biorthogonality and demonstrated their utility in protein labeling applications. Moreover, we synthesized substituted pyranthiones with H2S release kinetics that can address the range of physiologically relevant H2S dynamics in cells and achieved quantitative H2S release efficiency in vitro. Finally, we explored the potential of pyranthiones as H2S/COS donors for mitochondrial‐targeted H2S delivery in living cells.
Facile Access to Cationic Methylstannylenes and Silylenes Stabilized by E−Pt Bonding and their Methyl Group Transfer Reactivity**
Authors: Govindarajan Ramadoss , Fayzullin Robert R. , Deolka Shubham , Khaskin Eugene , Vasylevskyi Serhii , Vardhanapu Pavan K. , Pal Shrinwantu , Khusnutdinova Julia R.
Published: November 2023

We describe a family of cationic methylstannylene and chloro‐ and azidosilylene organoplatinum(II) complexes supported by a neutral, binucleating ligand. Methylstannylenes MeSn:+ are stabilized by coordination to PtII and are formed by facile Me group transfer from dimethyl or monomethyl PtII complexes, in the latter case triggered by concomitant B−H, Si−H, and H2 bond activation that involves hydride transfer from Sn to Pt. A cationic chlorosilylene complex was obtained by formal HCl elimination and Cl− removal from HSiCl3 under ambient conditions. The computational studies show that stabilization of cationic methylstannylenes and cationic silylenes is achieved through weak coordination to a neutral N‐donor ligand binding pocket. The analysis of the electronic potentials, as well as the Laplacian of electron density, also reveals the differences in the character of Pt−Si vs. Pt−Sn bonding. We demonstrate the importance of a ligand‐supported binuclear Pt/tetrel core and weak coordination to facilitate access to tetrylium‐ylidene Pt complexes, and a transmetalation approach to the synthesis of MeSnII:+ derivatives.
Efficient Photolytic Halogenation and Oxidation of Unactivated Alkyl sp3 C—H Bonds with Iodine(III)
Authors: Jia Hao , Li Nan , Tang Chunmei , Wang Yajuan , Xi Yonghao , Liao Rongbao , Xu Wei , Wu Fufang , Shen Xiaobao , Zhai Hongbin
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive Summary

A metal‐free, green, and sustainable functionalization of unactivated alkyl sp3 C—H bonds is reported using iodine(III) as a feasible dehydrogenation agent under visible light or KBr, and alkyl chlorides, bromides, alcohols, and ketones could be constructed by addition of different coupling reagents. Cheap and safe iodobenzene diacetate was used to form a radical to activate the alkyl sp3 C—H bond in a highly efficient manner, which can construct different alkylation products by adding corresponding coupling reagents.