bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMATION OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IS AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO INCREASE THE CONTRIBUTION TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF A BUSINESS ENTITY
Authors:   Postgraduate Student, Audit and Corporate Reporting Department, Financial University under the Government of Russia, Moscow, Russia, QUYEN PHAN THI THANH
Published: April 2021

The role of internal audit in ensuring sustainable development of economic entities is indisputable. How-ever, the biggest challenge faced by internal auditors is how the level of their contribution can truly be weighed against the ability and role recognized by society, especially as most economic actors move from a traditional business model to a sustainable business model. The article highlights the main approaches to the transfor-mation of internal audit in order to make it an integral part of the corporate governance structure and make a significant contribution to sustainable development.
Plattform-Urbanismus
Authors: Altenried Moritz , Animento Stefania , Bojadžijev Manuela
Published: April 2021

Der Beitrag analysiert, wie digitale Plattformen urbanes Arbeiten und Leben ebenso verändern wie die gelebte Räumlichkeit und die materielle Architektur der Stadt. Davon sind nicht nur Arbeitsverhältnisse berührt, sondern auch alltägliche Formen und Praktiken von Mobilität, Konsum oder Reproduktion. Basierend auf umfassenden ethnografischen Forschungen beschreiben wir erstens den Aufstieg der Plattformarbeit in Berlin, insbesondere am Beispiel von Uber, Deliveroo und Helpling. Wir nehmen neue Formen algorithmischer Organisation, Kontrolle und Überwachung von Arbeit im Stadtraum in den Blick und zeigen, dass Plattformarbeit primär migrantisch ist. Davon ausgehend skizzieren wir zweitens die Umrisse eines entstehenden Plattform-Urbanismus. Das umfasst sowohl ein Verständnis der Räume und Geografien digitaler Plattformen als auch eine theoretische Perspektivierung des Begriffs. Drittens betonen wir, dass kritische Analysen des emergenten Plattform-Urbanismus zeigen können, wie Plattformen darauf abzielen, unverzichtbare urbane Infrastrukturen zu werden. Allerdings zeigt sich, dass diese Infrastrukturwerdung urbaner Plattformen kein reibungsloser Prozess ist, sondern politisch und ökonomisch umkämpft.
Konturen eines Plattform-Urbanismus
Authors: Bauriedl Sybille , Wiechers Henk
Published: April 2021

Smart Cities sind mit großen Versprechen hinsichtlich einer verbesserten urbanen Lebensqualität durch digitale Technologien verbunden. Diese technologieoptimistische Stadtentwicklung schließt an Modernisierungsversprechen der „unternehmerischen Stadt“ an. Vielfältige Versorgungsaufgaben in Städten werden mittlerweile über Onlineplattformen vermittelt, die von internationalen IT-Konzernen betrieben und durch digitale Infrastrukturen im öffentlichen Raum unterstützt werden. Dieser Prozess wird in der Stadtforschung als Plattformurbanismus bezeichnet.
Der Beitrag geht von der These aus, dass Smart-City-Infrastrukturen und -Dienstleistungen räumlich exklusiv realisiert werden. Er stellt am Beispiel von Smart Mobility in europäischen Städten die vielfältigen plattformvermittelten Mobilitätsangebote vor und diskutiert, welche Nachfrage sie ansprechen und ob damit urbane Mobilitätsdefizite und sozialräumliche Segregation behoben werden können oder aber durch einen ungleichen Digitalisierungszugang Mobilitätsungerechtigkeit verstärkt wird. Diese Frage wird mit Referenz auf Studien zu Geschlechterverhältnissen im Mobilitätsalltag diskutiert und dient als Grundlage für unsere Abschlussthesen, die die Folgen von Standardisierung, Normierung und Universalisierung als Merkmale des Plattformurbanismus in Europa kritisch beleuchten.
Das Ende des Ländlichen? Covid-19 als Krise ländlicher Räume
Authors: Naumann Matthias
Published: April 2021

Die Ausbreitung von Covid-19 und deren Auswirkungen werden in Medien, wie auch im Beitrag von Stefan Höhne und Boris Michel, vor allem als ein Phänomen der Großstädte verstanden. Demgegenüber erscheinen die geringe Siedlungsdichte, die Nähe zur Natur und die überschaubaren sozialen Kontakte in ländlichen Räumen als eine Alternative zum riskanten Leben in Großstädten. Dieser Einschätzung möchte ich mit der folgenden Replik widersprechen und argumentieren, dass die aktuelle Pandemie nicht nur mit einer Krise der Stadt, sondern auch mit Krisen ländlicher Räume verbunden ist.  Zugespitzt ist zu fragen, ob aktuell nicht nur ein „Ende des Städtischen“ (Höhne/Michel 2021), sondern auch ein Ende des Ländlichen festzustellen ist. Die aktuellen Krisen ländlicher Entwicklung begannen, ähnlich wie in Städten, weit vor dem Ausbruch der globalen Pandemie und betreffen unter anderem das Arbeiten, das Wohnen, die Infrastrukturversorgung sowie Fragen politischer Repräsentation in ländlichen Räumen.
Tourism Promotion Through the Unesco Creative City of Gastronomy
Authors: Xie Philip Feifan
Published: April 2021

The research aim is to use Macau, SAR China, as a case study to better understand the role of cuisine in promoting tourism, specifically: (1) identify key attributes for Gastronomia Macaense (Macanese cuisine) from community and industry leaders; (2) raise awareness for the importance
of culinary heritage and food branding; and (3) offer a foundation for collective responses among stakeholders to participate in the application of the UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy. Qualitative interviews for investigating Macanese cuisine were undertaken based upon identity, authenticity,
image, and longevity. The findings suggest that Macanese cuisine serves as a catalyst of change for a new identity amid the influx of tourists from Mainland China. Locals are experiencing a reawakening process of their fusion cuisine; however, it also demonstrates slippery authenticity and
poor image of the cuisine among industry leaders. The purpose of the UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy is to reassert culinary heritage and cultural identity by raising the public awareness and the repackaging of tradition and authenticity for food consumption becomes the priority.
Confidence in action: Differences between perceived accuracy of decision and motor response
Authors: Siedlecka Marta , Koculak Marcin , Paulewicz Borysław
Published: April 2021

Each of our decisions is associated with a degree of confidence. This confidence can change once we have acted because we might start doubting our choice or even become convinced that we have made a mistake. In this study, we explore the relations between action and our confidence that our decision was correct or erroneous. Fifty-four volunteers took part in a perceptual decision task in which their decisions could either lead to action or not. At the end of each trial, participants rated their confidence that their decision was correct, or they reported that they had made an error. The main results showed that when given after a response, confidence ratings were higher and more strongly related to decision accuracy, and post-response reports of errors more often indicated actual errors. The results support the view that error awareness and confidence might be partially based on postaction processing.
Peranan Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Kewirausahaan Mahasiswa
Authors: Bismala Lila
Published: April 2021

Kewirausahaan saat ini dipandang sebagai aktivitas yang sangat penting, karena mampu menciptakan lapangan kerja, kreativitas dan mampu meningkatkan kekuatan ekonomi suatu negara.  Kewirausahaan dapat dibentuk melalui pendidikan kewirausahaan, sehingga mampu menumbuhkan minat, ketrampilan dan kompetensi kewirausahaan.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  untuk menganalisis sejauh mana pendidikan kewirausahaan di universitas berperan dalam meningkatkan kompetensi kewirausahaan mahasiswa. Dengan sampel sejumlah 97 orang mahasiswa,  dan dengan metode regresi linier  sederhana, diperoleh hasil bahwa pendidikan kewirausahaan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan dalam menumbuhkan kompetensi mahasiswa.
Mnogobrojna lica bolesti mačjega ogreba
Authors: Knežević Samira , Slavuljica Irena , Trošelj Vukić Biserka , Pavić Ivica , Cekinović-Grbeša Đurđica , Gorup Lari , Rončević-Filipović Mari
Published: April 2021

Bolest mačjeg
ogreba (BMO) infekcija je uzrokovana Gram negativnom, fakultativno
intracelularnom bakterijom Bartonella
henselae. Glavni rezervoar infekcije je mačka i oko 75% bolesnika ima
podatak o ogrebu ili ugrizu mačke u anamnezi. Rjeđe se infekcija javlja u
kontaktu s psom, posredovano mačjom buhom ili neizravnim kontaktom oštećene
kože ili sluznice s površinom kontaminiranom mačjom slinom. Infekcija može
proći asimptomatski, ali se i prezentirati spektrom kliničkih manifestacija. U
85-90 % bolesnika radi se o klasičnoj BMO s kožnom lezijom i
samoograničavajućim, regionalnim limfadenitisom dok ostale, rjeđe kliničke
manifestacije, mogu zahvatiti gotovo svaki organ i organski sustav. Prikazujemo
četiri bolesnika s BMO liječenih u Klinici za infektivne bolesti Kliničkog
bolničkog centra Rijeka te raspravljamo o dijagnostičkim i terapijskim
izazovima ove bolesti.
Utricularia lihengiae (Lentibulariaceae), a new species from Northwest Yunnan, China
Authors: Cheng Zhuo , Fang Qiong , Wang Fei , Long Chun-Lin
Published: April 2021

Utricularia lihengiae, a new species from the Dulongjiang region of northwest Yunnan, China, is here described and illustrated. The new species belongs to the section Oligocista and is similar toU. bifidaL. andU. scandensBenj., from which it can be easily distinguished by the dark purple stripe on the corolla. The new species also differs in its shorter inflorescence and the shape of the calyx lobes.
Advocating for Change in Board of Nursing Continuing Education Rules
Authors: Cato Dawna , Dickerson Pam
Published: April 2021

Some state boards of nursing have administrative rules related to continuing education. These may relate to requirements for providing continuing education and/or using evidence of continuing education to meet licensure renewal requirements. As the world of nursing professional development (NPD) continues to evolve, administrative rules often become outdated. One of the accountabilities of an NPD practitioner is to facilitate change in advocating for professional development. This column describes the process for working with state boards of nursing to change rules related to continuing education.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(5):208–210.]
Teaching Evidence-Based Sepsis Care: A Sepsis Escape Room
Authors: Gabriel Paula M. , Lieb Casey L. , Holland Sara , Ballinghoff James , Cacchione Pamela Z. , McPeake Lauren
Published: April 2021

Background:

Using evidence-based sepsis guidelines, nurse educators identified the nursing skills required to recognize and treat sepsis.

Method:

Nurse educators created an innovative, interactive sepsis escape room to provide sepsis education. The escape room included a manikin, puzzles, distractors, riddles, and props. Participants were given 20 minutes to solve four puzzles/riddles to treat the sepsis patient and escape the room.

Results:

All but two (
N
= 16) groups solved the clues and riddles to prioritize treatment in the allotted time. Evaluations were excellent. Mean score (1 = poor to 5 = outstanding) for overall escape room experience was 4.92. Adherence data improved on the Surviving Sepsis Campaign sepsis performance measure intervention bundles (SEP 1-3 care bundles) 2 months following the escape room. Bundles are a group of interventions that improve care.

Conclusion:

The escape room engaged nurses in educational gaming, stimulating critical thinking and problem solving contributing to improved clinical outcomes.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(5):217–225.]
Generalized Clarke epiderivatives of the extremum multifunction to a multi-objective parametric discrete optimal control problem
Authors: Toan Nguyen Thi
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with the generalized Clarke epiderivative of the extremum multifunction of a multi-objective parametric convex discrete optimal control problem with linear state equations and control constraints. By establishing an abstract result on the generalized epiderivative of the extremum multifunction of a multi-objective parametric convex mathematical programming problem, we derive a formula for computing the generalized Clarke epiderivative of the extremum multifunction to a multi-objective parametric convex discrete optimal control problem. Examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.
The combined impacts of consumer green preference and fairness concern on the decision of three-party supply chain
Authors: Liu Jian , Wu Xin , Lei Jiang-Ling
Published: April 2021

Consumer green preference (CGP) and fairness concern have posed significant impact on supply chain, respectively. This paper study the combined impacts of CGP and fairness concern on the supply chain that consists of a manufacturer, a green retailer, and a traditional retailer. Specifically, the optimal decision-makings are solved in seven cases, fairness neutrality (FN), the green retailer and the traditional retailer has vertical fairness concern (VFC) respectively, the two retailers has horizontal fairness concern (HFC) respectively, both retailers have vertical fairness concern (BVFC), both retailers have horizontal fairness concern (BHFC). Our main results via numerical simulation follow. (1) The improvement of CGP benefits the supply chain members except the traditional retailer. (2) The green retailer's VFC benefits itself and the whole supply chain, whereas bad for the manufacturer and the traditional retailer. However, the green retailer's HFC bad for itself, while benefits the manufacturer and the traditional retailer. (3) The traditional retailer's profits are affected by both CGP and fairness concern. (4) The high level of BVFC benefits the two retailers, but bad for the manufacturer. Conversely, the high level of BHFC will intensify competition between retailers and thus bad for them, while the manufacturer can benefit from it.
Policies for Promoting the Circular Economy in India
Authors: Kapoor Namita , Jauhari Sangeeta , Maheshwari Deepti
Published: April 2021

The demand for resources is increasing in India because of growth, changing lifestyles, and aspirations of people for improving lifestyles, but the major challenge for the economy is to provide these economically without hampering the ecology and society negatively. The negation of externalities resulting from the use of resources is the major challenge for the policymakers along with providing balanced developmental avenues to the society. The framework to achieve efficiency in resource use can be appropriately designed through innovative ways and policies. The Indian economy over the last few years has clearly moved to controlled regulation from command through the practice of economic instruments for regulations. The policy adopted by India to achieve circularity includes the financial support and guidance for research and development, formulation of standards like ECOMARKS, public procurements, and certification and self-regulation, which are discussed in the chapter.
Characteristic and Agentic Qualities of Women Leaders Amidst Global Crises
Authors: Hayes Catherine , Corrie Ian , Graham Yitka , Crane-Kramer Gillian M. M. , Rowland Toby
Published: April 2021

This chapter serves to deconstruct the characteristic and agentic qualities of women leaders amidst global crises, which are also reflected in the traits of women managing in more recognisable and relatable leadership roles in the context of HE. Within this will be the core acknowledgements that on a global level the impact of crises inevitably leads to a disproportionate impact on women, a lack of prioritisation of global impetus to address levels of gender inequality, and the embedded role of gender equity in relation to human progression and development on a macro level. This global perspective illuminates the inequalities that women educators face and the impact that this has on the broader scope of human development through educational impact. Whilst situational specificity is significant in terms of the context of HE leadership, the universality of human experience underpinning them remains the connecting thread, which enables the deconstruction of meaning making in applied educational leadership.
Women Higher Education Administrators
Authors: Tevis Tenisha L. , Pifer Meghan , Baker Vicki L.
Published: April 2021

In the multiple crises of 2020, a common narrative emerged about the effectiveness of women leaders in responding at the local, national, and international levels. Their behaviors suggested a reliance on adaptation. As microcosms of the social structures in which they exist, postsecondary institutions are not exempt from the task of leadership through crises; however, little is known about women leaders in higher education administration in times of crisis. Though having the ability to adapt has shown to be paramount for organizational success and thriving, it is virtually unknown whether women higher education leaders take an adaptive approach during crises. Thus, the authors went beyond recent headlines to understand women higher education leaders in contexts riddled with crises. Findings provide illustrative evidence of the six tenets of adaptive leadership to inform practice and future research.
Leading During a Crisis
Authors: Engerman Kimarie
Published: April 2021

Academic leaders influence direct reports and subordinates towards accomplishing specified goals. In a time of crisis, goals are usually based on overcoming challenges that allow the unit to progress and continue functioning. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was a major crisis that caused many challenges for academic leaders. COVID-19 forced academic leaders to demonstrate their effectiveness in a crisis. This chapter explores leading during the COVID-19 crisis. It examines the leadership style preferences such as transformational leadership style for women and transactional leadership style for men. It also explores leadership challenges and provides implication strategies for academic leaders.
Leading in the New Normal
Authors: Zappala-Piemme Kerri E. , Squires Maureen E.
Published: April 2021

This chapter focuses on the experiences of women who were P-20 educational leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected via electronic surveys from 20 respondents. Survey questions included information about demographics, professional duties, and personal responsibilities. This chapter includes a discussion of the authors' positionality, analyzes findings (situated in relevant literature), and presents implications for practice and further study. General findings indicate that the personal and professional lives of women educational leaders were significantly affected by the pandemic, with increased demands and limited support in both areas. Related implications include practices that support a healthy work-life balance and address the expectations affecting women educational leaders.
Blockchain in a Nutshell
Authors: Haque A. K. M. Bahalul , Bhushan Bharat
Published: April 2021

Blockchain gets its name from being a series of blocks that are linked together to form a chain. Once the information has been added to the chain, it cannot be changed. There are several consensus protocols, and each of them is chosen based on the type of blockchain and the system requirements. With the rapid urbanization of the world, several economic, social, and environment-related issues have been raised. Smart cities are an emerging concept that holds the solution to these urban problems. Blockchain is such an innovation that can promote the development of smart cities. Along with its application in the internet of things, smart cities, and logistics, blockchain truly is state-of-the-art technology. Here, the authors aim to provide an in-depth look into this relatively new technology, beginning with blockchain's fundamentals and then covering the applications, issues, and future scope.
Applications of Secured Blockchain Technology in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: April 2021

The manufacturing industry inclines to worldwide business operations due to the economic advantage of product design and development. In this way, globalized manufacturing supply chains make their management and control more difficult. As a distributed ledger technology that ensures transparency, trust, traceability, and cybersecurity, blockchain technology promises to ease some global manufacturing operation problems. This chapter presents blockchain technology basics and analyses the issues (e.g., traceability, cybersecurity, flexibility, and smart contracts) related to the blockchain-based manufacturing information system. Next, the chapter presents related research work in the manufacturing industry in recent years. It also includes a classification mechanism for manufacturing information systems based on specific properties. It is followed by discussing the critical issues that need to consider in designing industry-specific reference information system architecture. Finally, the chapter discusses the scope of future research.
Power, Politics, and Social Work
Authors: Martínez Silvana
Published: April 2021

In this chapter some reflections are examined linking social work with power and politics. These reflections are raised from a Latin American and decolonial perspective. The urgency and the need to reinvent social work around the world is argued in view of the deepening of social inequalities caused by a capitalist-colonial-patriarchal social order. Likewise, the need to build a political view of social work is argued, as well as a greater commitment to social movements and their struggles to transform these social inequalities and the current social order. Theoretical reflections are accompanied by historical evidence that illustrates these struggles, as well as experiences of professional practices of social work. These reflections are also linked to the themes of the global agenda for social work and social development, as well as the world definition of social work by the International Federation of Social Workers.
Navigating the Landscape of the STEM Professoriate
Authors: Leggett-Robinson Pamela M. , Villa Brandi Campbell
Published: April 2021

In 1976, the challenges faced by women of color who pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields were first brought to national attention. Forty-two years later, the authors re-examine the challenges, barriers, and successes of women of color in STEM higher education. This chapter examines the landscape of the STEM professoriate through a literature review (journals, trade magazines, theses, and dissertations) and reflective shorts and quotes from women of color navigating the STEM professoriate. The literature review spans a 10-year period (2008-2018). Both the review and the reflections focus on the areas of STEM belonging, self-presentation, stereotyping, institutional racism, discrimination, and tokenism as challenges faced by women of color in the STEM professoriate. Additionally, mechanisms used by women of color to navigate and succeed despite these barriers, such as mentoring, are explored throughout.
Combating Income and Wealth Inequality, Racial Discrimination, and Social Exclusion in the United States
Authors: Eneanya Augustine Nduka
Published: April 2021

Inequality has increased significantly in the United States during the last three decades. Growing inequality has become a shared value among political actors. Inequality has become problematic and a threat to values of citizens and even the conservatives in U.S. The chapter, therefore, examines the trends in income inequality between 1920s and 2010 and the trends in income inequality between 1979 and 2017. It also focuses on wealth inequality, realities of income inequality at sub-national levels, and income equality along racial and ethnic lines with a specific focus in the years 2007-2016. Also, inequality and social inclusion and social policy measures are discussed.
Racial/Ethnic Diversity and Economy - A Broad Overview of U.S. Counties, 2000-2014
Authors: Sharma Madhuri
Published: April 2021

This article explores the relationships between diversity, its components, and their change with economic health at the scale of counties, using major economic characteristics such as change in population, labor-force participation, employment and unemployment, and median household income (overall and by race/ethnicity). Tract-scale and county-scale data from the National Historical Geographic Information System are used to compute diversity scores and its components, to visually analyze the spatial distribution patterns. Correlations & stepwise regression models suggest that diversity-2000 associates positively with greater diversity (overall and among non-whites) in 2014, but negatively with a change in diversity (overall, and non-white). While median household income associates with a positive change in diversity, those for Blacks associate negatively with change in diversity, largely supporting the inertia effects of Black presence as an ‘unattractive' factor. Unemployment associates with diversity & change/non-white-diversity, suggesting unemployment likely prevalent among whites. This has huge socio-economic and politics-based policy implications.
Social Justice Experiential Education in Rural Fiji
Authors: Yomantas Elizabeth Laura
Published: April 2021

This chapter examines how an experiential education (EE) program in rural Fiji provided rich experiences for social justice teaching and learning in the context of a teacher preparation program. This chapter discusses the instructor's lived experiences, positionality, and commitment to social justice work that propel a desire to create classrooms that are sites of transformation. The primary aspects of social justice teaching and learning discussed include the creation of spaces for critical consciousness to emerge and an embracement of pedagogies of love in the context of the EE program. This chapter concludes with the instructor's continued commitment embodying a social justice agenda in classroom spaces and beyond through a lifetime commitment to this work through hopeful, patiently impatient praxis.
Exploring Peace Perspectives Through the Lens of Gender Inequality
Authors: Loew Dana Julia
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the relationship between peace processes, gender equality, and communication by introducing feminist and intersectional approaches as tools to assess and deconstruct underlying power structures. The author argues for a human rights-based approach to gender equality and a deconstruction of essentialist understandings of “women,” calling for a perspective on peace that is responsive to the experiences of minorities and the marginalized. The chapter seeks to outline ways for individuals and groups to engage around the topics of power, oppression, and marginalization, and to create space for a more inclusive dialogue as the basis for a peace culture. Coeducation, the media, and a change in discussion culture are established as essential in creating a peace culture that allows all individuals to live empowered and fulfilling lives in a peaceful society void of structural violence, regardless of their gender, race, class, or sexual orientation.
Intersectionality and the Construction of Inclusive Schools
Authors: Petersen Amy J.
Published: April 2021

This chapter explores the educational experiences of an African American woman labeled with a disability and from a low socioeconomic group. Grounded in a social and historical context, this chapters uses qualitative research and intersectional theory to understand her experiences in a holistic manner. Subsequent implications for educators are discussed, including the need to: 1) understand students through the social model, 2) acknowledge the intersection of multiple marginalized identities, and 3) assist students in advocacy and empowerment.
African American Students, Racism, and Academic Injustice
Authors: Jones Patrice W. Glenn , Hope Warren C.
Published: April 2021

In effort to align academic achievement for all students, this chapter offers Fostering Urban Student Excellence (FUSE) as an instructional strategy to curtail not-learning and evoke academic improvement among African American students, particularly those from low socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition to introducing FUSE, this chapter outlines the achievement gap, along with the factors that impact it, and reveals the academic position imposed upon African American students by social injustices. The chapter also establishes the critical need for FUSE as a specific instructional strategy to combat the impact of racial injustice.
Using Counterstories and Reflective Writing Assignments to Promote Critical Race Consciousness in an Undergraduate Teacher Preparation Course
Authors: Perrotta Katherine A. , Mattson Mary F.
Published: April 2021

On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white patron on a Montgomery bus. Her act of resistance sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and ushered in the mid-20th century Civil Rights Movement. Although Parks occupies a prominent place in United States history, she was not the first to challenge racial segregation. Elizabeth Jennings was an African American schoolteacher who was ejected from a streetcar in New York City in 1854. Her lawyer, future President Chester A. Arthur, sued the streetcar company and won. Jennings' and Parks' stories serve as examples of counterstories that can raise critical race consciousness to matters of racial inequity in historical narratives and school curricula. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to examine whether students in an undergraduate teacher preparation course at a major university in a metropolitan region of the Southeast demonstrated critical race consciousness with reflective writing assignments by analyzing the counterstories of Elizabeth Jennings and Rosa Parks.
Decoding Difference
Authors: Sechrest-Ehrhardt Lisa
Published: April 2021

Race, ethnicity, and gender issues have always been important matters in American politics. However, during the past two presidential elections these issues were the vanguard topics displayed on centerstage. The United Sates has a tainted history with respects to certain populations which it has discriminated against and marginalized throughout the country's history, and the tensions surrounding these issues erupted like a volcano. The United States became polarized as people began to align with different political and social ideologies depicting how those who are regarded as being different, “others”, should be treated. This chapter provides a brief history of marginalized populations in the United States and uses Critical Race Theory and self-awareness as means to help the reader understand the impact on society when racism and inequality are woven into the fabric of the country.
Racial Diversity in Publicly Traded Companies
Authors: Thompson Jeffrey Kurt Orlando , Thompson Richard C.
Published: April 2021

This article shares some of the results of a thesis investigating the relationship between the racial diversity of the board of directors in Canadian companies that traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). The central question addressed was how organizational factors affect the racial diversity of board membership. The thesis expanded on a prior study that modelled gender diversity on boards of directors by focusing on the recommended area of racial diversity in the Canadian environment. Though many companies do not share their diversity details, using multiple regression analysis, the results showed that there was more racial diversity on larger boards. From a population of about 3,000 companies, the researchers identified a sample of 148 companies, with all the required parameters. This sample contained 1,246 board members, where 9.4% (117 board members) were visible minorities. The ANOVA analysis of the model demonstrated that it was a suitable tool to conduct the investigation. However, the variables did not show any strong significance.
Economic Growth Potentials and Race/Ethnicity in Tennessee
Authors: Sharma Madhuri
Published: April 2021

This article establishes relationships between racial/ethnic diversity, segregation, and employment-by-industry-types in the counties of Tennessee. Using the American Community Survey and NAICS data, diversity scores, entropy indices, and location quotients for major-employment are computed for Tennessee's 95 counties. Cartographic analysis, followed by correlations, principal components and regression analyses help establish the above relationships. The north-east and west-central regions of Tennessee have concentration in primary-sectors of economy whereas counties with concentration in creative-class economy (e.g., Williamson, Davidson) have higher presence of Asians, and with greater human capital (education). Simultaneously, these are also the most segregated despite being diverse. Counties with higher diversity and higher share of African-Americans are segregated, despite having employment concentration in diverse set of industries. Enormous growth potentials exist in the sectors of education and health-care which can help Tennessee revitalize its economy.
Religious Capital of the Oppressed
Authors: Willis Evan
Published: April 2021

Black advancement in Antebellum Philadelphia was not solely a byproduct of White philanthropy, but Black residents advocated for a more inclusive form of education. Scholars have considered the influence of the Black church in educational progress, but not the influence of religion on the educational advocates. This chapter analyzes religion as a form of capital on the antebellum Philadelphian Black Christian community. This chapter achieved this by conducting a socio-historical content analysis of primary sources such as sermon manuscripts and books, as well as secondary sources such as history books and journal articles. Ultimately, the chapter findings suggest that religion was a motivator of the educational advancement for the Black educational advocates and churches, whereas for the White Christian community Black education was informed by deficit-based perspectives. The author of this chapter suggest that Black Christian Education can serve as a useful educational alternative especially if it embraces a social justice orientation to empower Black students.
Autonomous Navigation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in ROS
Authors: Khekare Ganesh , Sheikh Shahrukh
Published: April 2021

For an autonomous robot to move safely in an environment where people are around and moving dynamically without knowing their goal position, it is required to set navigation rules and human behaviors. This problem is challenging with the highly stochastic behavior of people. Previous methods believe to provide features of human behavior, but these features vary from person to person. The method focuses on setting social norms that are telling the robot what not to do. With deep reinforcement learning, it has become possible to set a time-efficient navigation scheme that regulates social norms. The solution enables mobile robot full autonomy along with collision avoidance in people rich environment.
Optical Flow-Based Weighted Magnitude and Direction Histograms for the Detection of Abnormal Visual Events Using Combined Classifier
Authors: Singh Gajendra , Kapoor Rajiv , Khosla Arun
Published: April 2021

Movement information of persons is a very vital feature for abnormality detection in crowded scenes. In this paper, a new method for detection of crowd escape event in video surveillance system is proposed. The proposed method detects abnormalities based on crowd motion pattern, considering both crowd motion magnitude and direction. Motion features are described by weighted-oriented histogram of optical flow magnitude (WOHOFM) and weighted-oriented histogram of optical flow direction (WOHOFD), which describes local motion pattern. The proposed method uses semi-supervised learning approach using combined classifier (KNN and K-Means) framework to detect abnormalities in motion pattern. The authors validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on publicly available UMN, PETS2009, and Avanue datasets consisting of events like gathering, splitting, and running. The technique reported here has been found to outperform the recent findings reported in the literature.
Robust Face Recognition Under Partial Occlusion Based on Local Generic Features
Authors: Yadav Amit Kumar , Gupta Neeraj , Khan Aamir , Jalal Anand Singh
Published: April 2021

Face recognition has drawn significant attention due to its potential use in biometric authentication, surveillance, security, robotics, and so on. It is a challenging task in the field of computer vision. Although the various state-of-the-art methods of face recognition in constrained environments have achieved satisfactory results, there are still many issues which are untouched in unconstrained environments, such as partial occlusions, large pose variations, etc. In this paper, the authors have proposed an approach which utilized the local generic feature (LGF) to recognize the face in the partial occlusion by fusing features scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) and multi-block local binary pattern (MB-LBP). It also utilizes robust kernel method for classification of the query image. They have validated the effectiveness of the proposed approach on the benchmark AR face database. The experimental outcomes illustrate that the proposed approach outperformed the state-of-art methods for robust face recognition.
Noise Removal in Lung LDCT Images by Novel Discrete Wavelet-Based Denoising With Adaptive Thresholding Technique
Authors: Ziyad Shabana R. , Radha V.  , Vaiyapuri Thavavel
Published: April 2021

Cancer is presently one of the prominent causes of death in the world. Early cancer detection, which can improve the prognosis and survival of cancer patients, is challenging for radiologists. Low-dose computed tomography, a commonly used imaging test for screening lung cancer, has a risk of exposure of patients to ionizing radiations. Increased radiation exposure can cause lung cancer development. However, reduced radiation dose results in noisy LDCT images. Efficient preprocessing techniques with computer-aided diagnosis tools can remove noise from LDCT images. Such tools can increase the survival of lung cancer patients by an accurate delineation of the lung nodules. This study aims to develop a framework for preprocessing LDCT images. The authors propose a noise removal technique of discrete wavelet transforms with adaptive thresholding by computing the threshold with a genetic algorithm. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated by comparing with mean, median, and Gaussian noise filters.
Data Mining-Based Privacy Preservation Technique for Medical Dataset Over Horizontal Partitioned
Authors: Mewada Shivlal
Published: April 2021

The valuable information is extracted through data mining techniques. Recently, privacy preserving data mining techniques are widely adopted for securing and protecting the information and data. These techniques convert the original dataset into protected dataset through swapping, modification, and deletion functions. This technique works in two steps. In the first step, cloud computing considers a service platform to determine the optimum horizontal partitioning in given data. In this work, K-Means++ algorithm is implemented to determine the horizontal partitioning on the cloud platform without disclosing the cluster centers information. The second steps contain data protection and recover phases. In the second step, noise is incorporated in the database to maintain the privacy and semantic of the data. Moreover, the seed function is used for protecting the original databases. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is evaluated using several benchmark medical datasets. The results are evaluated using encryption time, execution time, accuracy, and f-measure parameters.
Интерполяционные последовательности и неполные системы экспонент на кривых
Authors: Gaisin Rashit Akhtyarovich
Published: April 2021

Изучаются интерполяционные последовательности вида $\{\pm\lambda_n\}$ $(\lambda_n>0)$ и проблема неполноты системы экспонент $\{e^{\pm\lambda_n z}\}$ по равномерной норме на семействе произвольных спрямляемых кривых.
В терминах узлов интерполяции (что то же самое - показателей системы экспонент) доказан критерий разрешимости интерполяционной задачи и усиленная неполнота системы $\{e^{\pm\lambda_n z}\}$. Тем самым существенно усилены известные результаты, в том числе Дж. Коревара, М. Диксона и Б. Берндсона.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Baseline Mapping of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Africa: The Accelerated WHO/AFRO Mapping Project
Authors: Rebollo Maria P. , Onyeze Adiele Nkasiobi , Tiendrebeogo Alexandre , Senkwe Mutale Nsakashalo , Impouma Benido , Ogoussan Kisito , Zouré Honorat G. M. , Deribe Kebede , Cano Jorge , Kinvi Ekoue Boniface , Majewski Andrew , Ottesen Eric A. , Lammie Patrick
Published: April 2021

Mapping is a prerequisite for effective implementation of interventions against neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Before the accelerated World Health Organization (WHO)/Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) NTD Mapping Project was initiated in 2014, mapping efforts in many countries were frequently carried out in an ad hoc and nonstandardized fashion. In 2013, there were at least 2,200 different districts (of the 4,851 districts in the WHO African region) that still required mapping, and in many of these districts, more than one disease needed to be mapped. During its 3-year duration from January 2014 through the end of 2016, the project carried out mapping surveys for one or more NTDs in at least 2,500 districts in 37 African countries. At the end of 2016, most (90%) of the 4,851 districts had completed the WHO-required mapping surveys for the five targeted Preventive Chemotherapy (PC)-NTDs, and the impact of this accelerated WHO/AFRO NTD Mapping Project proved to be much greater than just the detailed mapping results themselves. Indeed, the AFRO Mapping Project dramatically energized and empowered national NTD programs, attracted donor support for expanding these programs, and developed both a robust NTD mapping database and data portal. By clarifying the prevalence and burden of NTDs, the project provided not only the metrics and technical framework for guiding and tracking program implementation and success but also the research opportunities for developing improved diagnostic and epidemiologic sampling tools for all 5 PC-NTDs—lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, and trachoma.
Post-Malaria Anemia Is Rare in Malawian Children with Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Guenther Geoffrey , Saidi Alexuse M. , Izem Rima , Seydel Karl , Postels Douglas G.
Published: April 2021

Artesunate therapy for severe malaria syndromes has been associated with post-treatment hemolysis and anemia. We defined post-malaria anemia as any decrease in hematocrit between the index hospitalization for severe malaria and 1 month after. We determined the incidence and severity of post-malaria anemia in Malawian children surviving cerebral malaria (CM) by analyzing hospital and follow-up data from a long-standing study of CM pathogenesis. Children enrolled before 2014 and treated with quinine (N = 258) were compared with those admitted in 2014 and after, and treated with artesunate (N = 235). The last hematocrit value obtained during hospitalization was compared with the 1-month post-hospitalization hematocrit value. The overall rate of a post-hospitalization decrease in hematocrit in children surviving CM was 5.3% (11 of 235 or 4.7% for quinine, 15 of 258 or 5.8% for artesunate; odds ratio, 3.23 [0.88, 18.38]); no patients with a decrease in hematocrit were symptomatic, and none required transfusion after hospitalization. Of the 26 children who had a decrease in hematocrit 1 month after hospitalization, 23.1% had evidence of a new malaria infection. When children treated with quinine and artesunate were combined, a higher hematocrit level on admission, lower quantitative histidine-rich protein level, and splenomegaly were associated independently with post-malaria anemia. In African survivors of CM, post-malaria anemia is rare, mild, and unassociated with the anti-malarial treatment received.
An Unusual Case of Gastric Gnathostomiasis Caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum Confirmed by Video Gastroscopy and Morphological and Molecular Identification
Authors: Sawadpanich Kookwan , Chansuk Nitiwat , Boonroumkaew Patcharaporn , Sadaow Lakkhana , Rodpai Rutchanee , Sanpool Oranuch , Janwan Penchom , Intapan Pewpan M. , Maleewong Wanchai
Published: April 2021

Human gnathostomiasis is a harmful foodborne parasitic infection caused by nematodes of the genus Gnathostoma. Here, we report an unusual case of gastric gnathostomiasis seen in a hospital in Thailand along with the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome. A 39-year-old man presented with complaints of epigastric pain, dizziness, and history of passing dark, tarry stools for 2 days. The patient had a history of consuming raw freshwater fish. Supplementary differential diagnosis was performed via rapid serological testing, and presence of the causative agent was confirmed based on video gastroscopy, morphology of the removed parasite, and molecular identification. After its surgical removal from the stomach, the parasite was morphologically identified as Gnathostoma species. Molecular identification was performed via DNA extraction from the recovered worm, and amplification and sequencing of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region and partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene. The ITS2 and cox1 sequences were consistent with those of Gnathostoma spinigerum. Clinicians in endemic areas should therefore be aware of the rare clinical manifestations and use of supplementary serological tests to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of gastric gnathostomiasis.
Groundwater quality assessment near a Nigerian dumpsite
Authors: Mokuolu O.A. , Jacob S.O. , Ayanshola A.M.
Published: April 2021

Municipal solid waste collected in Nigeria are often disposed of in uncontrolled dumpsites and/or burnt in the open spaces and consequently causing significant pollution on surface water, ground water and the air. An investigational study was carried out on the level of pollution on groundwater near Gbagede dumpsite in Kwara state. Ground water samples, GW1, GW2, GW3 were taken at three different locations: 186 m, 290 m, and 326 m from the edge of the dumpsite. Physicochemical parameters evaluated include; pH, total hardness, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, alkalinity, turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate ion, Chloride ion, Sulphate ion, Electrical conductivity, Calcium ion and Magnesium ion using standard laboratory procedures. The results of the evaluations were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) to establish its suitability for human consumption. Results fell within the stipulated range of WHO and NSDWQ standard for drinking water. It was however observed that the water quality improves with distance from the dumpsite. Statistical analyses indicated mild differences among all the parameters tested for in the samples at 95% confidence level. Uncontrolled accumulation of leachates from the dumpsite may pose potential risk to the source of water for the community in the near future. It was recommended that the dumpsite be relocated from the current residential area.Key Words: Groundwater, Assessment, Contaminants, Solid-waste, Water quality