Reconceptualising Multiculturalism in an Evolving Landscape of Healthcare Delivery
Authors: Kalra Jay , Marchant Mackenzie , Rafid-Hamed Zoher , Seitzinger Patrick 
Published: June 2024

Multiculturalism in medicine is a dynamic concept that requires ongoing adaptation to evolving global psychosocial, and geopolitical circumstances. Recent global events have had far reaching implications that warrant recognition as an essential component of ongoing medical education and practice. Our previous studies on global trends in healthcare delivery have identified multiculturalism as a key component of medicine that requires reconceptualising to enhance patient care in the evolving landscape of healthcare. The purpose of this paper is to adapt, reframe, and refine multiculturalism in medicine with a focus on medical practice, education, and medical ethics. Core underpinnings of medical ethics such as justice, autonomy, beneficence, and maleficence are present throughout healthcare practices around the globe. How these concepts are translated into everyday practices can vary widely between regions, institutions, and individuals. Medical ethics has traditionally been developed and interpreted through the lens of Western values. A narrowed or outdated perspective on medical ethics results in misunderstood cultural nuances, impaired communication, inequitable healthcare delivery and poor patient outcomes. Contemporary global events, including geopolitical conflicts, pandemics, and unprecedented migration patterns, have challenged existing paradigms of medical ethics and highlighted the necessity to reassess multiculturalism in practice and education. The landscape of modern medicine demands healthcare providers be competent and comfortable in addressing the unique healthcare needs of a globalized patient population. The next generation of medical providers will require the skills, experience, and insights to collaborate across cultural boundaries with comfort and competence in order to deliver sensitive and efficacious patient-centred care. Incorporation of diverse cultural lenses into medical education is necessary to ensure compassionate medical care that is attuned to the nuances and needs of an ever-increasing multicultural patient population. Cultural competence is no longer considered a skill that is acquired, but rather an ongoing process that requires continuous education and adaptation to each clinical encounter. Integrating immersive cultural experiences is an essential step in applying skills to clinical practice. Mentoring and debriefing practices allow learners to reflect on their own values and recognize implicit biases to improve multiculturalism on an ongoing basis. Reconceptualising multiculturalism in medicine is a necessary and timely response to the evolving landscape of global healthcare. By reframing multiculturalism as a fundamental pillar of medical education, new and seasoned healthcare providers will be equipped to navigate the evolving intricacies of cultural diversity. Acknowledging when current practices require revision is the first step to modernizing multicultural medical care. This work will have far-reaching implications on improving health equity, diversity, and inclusion to improve patient outcomes and satisfaction in a growingly interconnected world.