bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vision-Based Methodology for Characterizing the Flow of a High-Density Crowd on Footbridges: Strategy and Application
Authors: Van Hauwermeiren Jeroen , Van Nimmen Katrien , Van den Broeck Peter , Vergauwen Maarten
Published: June 2020

Obtaining pedestrian trajectories by a vision-based methodology is receiving increasing attention in the literature over recent decades. Within the field of study of human-induced vibrations on footbridges, practical challenges arise when collecting the trajectories of high-density crowds during measurement campaigns. A cheap and robust methodology tackling these issues is presented and applied on a case study consisting of a real-life footbridge occupied with many pedestrians. A static camera setup consisting of low-cost action cameras with limited installation height is used. In addition, a drone camera was employed to collect a limited amount of footage. Pedestrians are equipped with colored hats and detected using a straightforward color-segmenting approach. The measurements are subjected to both systematic and random measurement errors. The influence of the former is theoretically investigated and is found to be of limited importance. The effect of the latter is minimized using a Kalman filter and smoother. A thorough assessment of the accuracy results reveals that the remaining uncertainty is in the order of magnitude of 2 to 3 cm, which is largely sufficient for the envisaged purpose. Although the methodology is applied on a specific case study in the present work, the conclusions regarding the obtained accuracy and employability are generic since the measurement setup can be extended to a footbridge with virtually any length. Moreover, the empirically obtained results of the presented case study should find use in the calibration of pedestrian dynamic models that describe the flow of high-density crowds on footbridges and the further development of load models describing crowd-induced loading.
Instability of the Pelvic Ring: A Special Clinical Entity?
Authors: Giannoudis Peter V
Published: June 2020

The presence of the pathological movement of pubic symphysis under normal activities characterises a syndrome know as anterior pelvic ring instability [...]
Supportive Implant Therapy (SIT): A Prospective 10-Year Study of Patient Compliance Rates and Impacting Factors
Authors: Mitschke Julia , Peikert Stefanie Anna , Vach Kirstin , Frisch Eberhard
Published: June 2020

The main objective of this study is to present patient compliance rates and influential factors for regular attendance in a systematic implant aftercare program (Supportive Implant Therapy; SIT) within a 10-year observation period. From 2005 to 2008, we identified 233 patients with 524 implants and implant-supported restorations at the study center. They had been instructed to attend an SIT program with 3-month recall intervals. A 2019 clinical prospective cohort study on 10-year compliance rates was performed. Data were assessed yearly in regression analyses to identify influential factors. Noncompliance rates increased during the period (4.8%, year 1; 39.7%, year 10). Total noncompliance was observed in four patients (1.7%) with 10 implants. “Age,” “Gender,” “Diabetes”, and “Surgical case complexity” showed no correlation with patient compliance. “Smoking” and “Cardiovascular diseases” significantly influenced patients in one of ten years, while “Number of implants per patient”, “Type of implant-supported prostheses”, and “Pre-existing experience in a prophylaxis program” reached significance after several years. When patients with implant-supported restorations are strongly recommended and frequently remotivated to comply with an SIT program with 3-month recall, an approximately 60% compliance rate after 10 years is achievable. Previous prophylaxis program experience, increased number of implants per patient, and removable implant-supported prostheses may be strong influential factors for increased patient compliance.
Low Galectin-3 Expression Level in Primary Tumors Is Associated with Metastasis in T1 Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kao Ming-Wei , Su Yue-Chiu , Liang Peir-In , Wu Yi-Ying , Hong Tse-Ming
Published: June 2020

Background and objective: Although nodal and distant metastasis is rare in T1 lung adenocarcinoma, it is related to poor clinical prognosis. Association between galectin-3 (Gal-3) expression level, and clinical outcome of T1 lung adenocarcinoma has not been clarified. Methods: From January 2009 to December 2014, 74 patients with surgically resected T1 lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Patient outcomes were followed up until December 2019. Gal-3 expression level in primary tumors was assessed immunohistochemically and evaluated based on the staining intensity and percentage. Patient characteristics and correlation between Gal-3 expression level and clinical outcomes were reviewed. Results: Low Gal-3 expression was associated with increased metastatic events (p = 0.03), especially distant metastasis (p = 0.007), and mortality rate (p = 0.04). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that high Gal-3 expression level was associated with favorable recurrence-free survival in T1 lung adenocarcinoma (log-rank p = 0.048) and T1a (≤ 2 cm, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition) lung adenocarcinoma (log-rank p = 0.043). Gal-3 expression along with tumor size showed a larger area under curve (AUC) than tumor size alone for predicting metastatic events (AUC = 0.747 vs. 0.681) and recurrence (AUC = 0.813 vs. 0.766) in T1a lung adenocarcinoma in the receiver-operating characteristic curve. Conclusion: Low Gal-3 expression level in primary tumors was remarkably associated with increased metastatic events and reduced recurrence-free survival in T1 lung adenocarcinoma. We suggest that Gal-3 expression level in addition to tumor size may potentially be stronger than tumor size alone in predicting metastasis in T1a lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Oxidative Stress and New Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Endothelial Dysfunction: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Scioli Maria Giovanna , Storti Gabriele , D’Amico Federico , Rodríguez Guzmán Roger , Centofanti Federica , Doldo Elena , Céspedes Miranda Ela María , Orlandi Augusto
Published: June 2020

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart and pathological circulatory conditions, are the world’s leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Endothelial dysfunction involved in CVD pathogenesis is a trigger, or consequence, of oxidative stress and inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is defined as a diminished production/availability of nitric oxide, with or without an imbalance between endothelium-derived contracting, and relaxing factors associated with a pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic status. Endothelial dysfunction-induced phenotypic changes include up-regulated expression of adhesion molecules and increased chemokine secretion, leukocyte adherence, cell permeability, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, platelet activation, and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Inflammation-induced oxidative stress results in an increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly derived from mitochondria. Excessive ROS production causes oxidation of macromolecules inducing cell apoptosis mediated by cytochrome-c release. Oxidation of mitochondrial cardiolipin loosens cytochrome-c binding, thus, favoring its cytosolic release and activation of the apoptotic cascade. Oxidative stress increases vascular permeability, promotes leukocyte adhesion, and induces alterations in endothelial signal transduction and redox-regulated transcription factors. Identification of new endothelial dysfunction-related oxidative stress markers represents a research goal for better prevention and therapy of CVD. New-generation therapeutic approaches based on carriers, gene therapy, cardiolipin stabilizer, and enzyme inhibitors have proved useful in clinical practice to counteract endothelial dysfunction. Experimental studies are in continuous development to discover new personalized treatments. Gene regulatory mechanisms, implicated in endothelial dysfunction, represent potential new targets for developing drugs able to prevent and counteract CVD-related endothelial dysfunction. Nevertheless, many challenges remain to overcome before these technologies and personalized therapeutic strategies can be used in CVD management.
Oscillatory Behavior of a Type of Generalized Proportional Fractional Differential Equations with Forcing and Damping Terms
Authors: Alzabut Jehad , Viji James , Muthulakshmi Velu , Sudsutad Weerawat
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we study the oscillatory behavior of solutions for a type of generalized proportional fractional differential equations with forcing and damping terms. Several oscillation criteria are established for the proposed equations in terms of Riemann-Liouville and Caputo settings. The results of this paper generalize some existing theorems in the literature. Indeed, it is shown that for particular choices of parameters, the obtained conditions in this paper reduce our theorems to some known results. Numerical examples are constructed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the our main theorems. Furthermore, we present and illustrate an example which does not satisfy the assumptions of our theorem and whose solution demonstrates nonoscillatory behavior.
Inventory Models with Defective Units and Sub-Lot Inspection
Authors: Tuan Han-Wen , Yang Gino K. , Hung Kuo-Chen
Published: June 2020

Inventory models must consider the probability of sub-optimal manufacturing and careless shipping to prevent the delivery of defective products to retailers. Retailers seeking to preserve a reputation of quality must also perform inspections of all items prior to sale. Inventory models that include sub-lot sampling inspections provide reasonable conditions by which to establish a lower bound and a pair of upper bounds in terms of order quantity. This should make it possible to determine the conditions of an optimal solution, which includes a unique interior solution to the problem of an order quantity satisfying the first partial derivative. The approach proposed in this paper can be used to solve the boundary. These study findings provide the analytical foundation for an inventory model that accounts for defective items and sub-lot sampling inspections. The numerical examples presented in a previous paper are used to demonstrate the derivation of an optimal solution. A counter-example is constructed to illustrate how existing iterative methods do not necessarily converge to the optimal solution.
A Combination of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques to Localize the Dural Defect in a Case of Superficial Siderosis—A Case Report
Authors: Katoh Hiroyuki , Shibukawa Shuhei , Yamaguchi Keiko , Hiyama Akihiko , Horie Tomohiko , Sato Masato , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: June 2020

Background: Superficial siderosis is a progressively disabling disease caused by recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage with accumulation of hemosiderin in the surface of the central nervous system. Although a wide variety of conditions may cause superficial siderosis, approximately half of the cases are reported to be associated with a defect in the ventral spinal dura mater, in which case treatment entails surgical repair of the defect. Here, we report a case of superficial siderosis and report on our method to pinpoint the dural defect using a combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Methods and Results: A 74-year-old female presented suffering from hearing loss and progressive ataxia over a duration of seven years. A T2-weighted MRI study revealed hypointensity in the superficial areas of the central nervous system, leading to the diagnosis of superficial siderosis, and the presence of a fluid-filled collection in the anterior spinal canal of C7 to T10 suggested that a dural defect was the cause of the repeated hemorrhage. A balanced turbo field echo (BTFE) MRI sequence revealed possible dural defects at T1–T2 and T5–T6, and a dynamic improved motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium steady-state free precession (dynamic iMSDE SSFP) sequence revealed an irregular flow of cerebrospinal fluid through the dura at the T5–T6 level. The dural defect was confirmed and sutured through a minimal T5–T6 laminectomy without neurological consequences, and the patient reported mild improvement in gait one year after surgery. Conclusions: A combination of MRI sequences provided the necessary information to confidently perform minimal surgery to repair the dural defect. We recommend coupling a balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence to provide high resolution, high contrast images of anatomical structures and a dynamic iMSDE SSFP sequence to confirm cerebrospinal fluid motion through the defect.
Membrane-Based Processes Used in Municipal Wastewater Treatment for Water Reuse: State-Of-The-Art and Performance Analysis
Authors: Yang Jiaqi , Monnot Mathias , Ercolei Lionel , Moulin Philippe
Published: June 2020

Wastewater reuse as a sustainable, reliable and energy recovery concept is a promising approach to alleviate worldwide water scarcity. However, the water reuse market needs to be developed with long-term efforts because only less than 4% of the total wastewater worldwide has been treated for water reuse at present. In addition, the reclaimed water should fulfill the criteria of health safety, appearance, environmental acceptance and economic feasibility based on their local water reuse guidelines. Moreover, municipal wastewater as an alternative water resource for non-potable or potable reuse, has been widely treated by various membrane-based treatment processes for reuse applications. By collecting lab-scale and pilot-scale reuse cases as much as possible, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the membrane-based treatment processes, mainly focused on the hydraulic filtration performance, contaminants removal capacity, reuse purpose, fouling resistance potential, resource recovery and energy consumption. The advances and limitations of different membrane-based processes alone or coupled with other possible processes such as disinfection processes and advanced oxidation processes, are also highlighted. Challenges still facing membrane-based technologies for water reuse applications, including institutional barriers, financial allocation and public perception, are stated as areas in need of further research and development.
Highly Integrated Elastic Island-Structured Printed Circuit Board with Controlled Young’s Modulus for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Cho Duho , Kim Junhyung , Jeong Pyoenggeun , Shim Wooyoung , Lee Su Yeon , Choi Youngmin , Jung Sungmook
Published: June 2020

A stretchable printed circuit board (PCB), which is an essential component of next-generation electronic devices, should be highly stretchable even at high levels of integration, as well as durable under repetitive stretching and patternable. Herein, an island-structured stretchable PCB composed of materials with controlled Young’s modulus and viscosity by adding a reinforcing agent or controlling the degree of crosslinking is reported. Each material was fabricated with the most effective structures through a 3D printer. The PCB was able to stretch 71.3% even when highly integrated and was patterned so that various components could be mounted. When fully integrated, the stress applied to the mounted components was reduced by 99.9% even when stretched by over 70%. Consequently, a 4 × 4 array of capacitance sensors in a stretchable keypad demonstration using our PCB was shown to work, even at 50% stretching of the PCB.
Improved Enumeration of Weakly Fluorescent CD4+ T-lymphocytes by Confining Cells in a Spinning Sample Cartridge with a Helical Minichannel
Authors: Kim Subin , Imran Jakir Hossain , Shourav Mohiuddin Khan , Kim Jung Kyung
Published: June 2020

The CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) counting method is used to measure the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes per microliter of blood and to evaluate the timing of the initiation of antiretroviral therapy as well as the effectiveness of treatment in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. We developed a three-dimensional helical minichannel-based sample cartridge in which a thread-like microgroove formed in the cylindrical surface and configured a particle-positioning and imaging system equipped with a single DC (direct current) motor that can be controlled by a smartphone application. Confinement and enrichment of CD4 cells within a sharp focal depth along the helical minichannel is accomplished by spinning the cylindrical sample cartridge at high speed before acquiring cell images and thus CD4+ cells with weak fluorescence intensity can be detected even in a channel much deeper than existing two-dimensional flat chambers without an autofocusing module. By detecting more cells in a larger sample volume, the accuracy of the CD4 cell count is improved by a factor of 5.8 with a channel of 500 μm depth and the precision is enhanced by a factor of 1.5 with a coefficient of variation of 2.6%.
A Reconstitution Approach for Whole Rock Major and Trace Element Compositions of Granulites from the Kapuskasing Structural Zone
Authors: Emo Robert B. , Kamber Balz S.
Published: June 2020

Current estimates for the composition of the lower continental crust show significant variation for the concentrations of the highly incompatible elements, including large uncertainties for the heat-producing elements. This has consequences for models of the formation of lower crust. For example, is lower continental crust inherently poor in incompatible elements or has it become so after extraction of partial melts caused by thermal incubation? Answering these questions will require better agreement between estimates for the chemistry of the lower crust. One issue is that granulite samples may have been altered during ascent. Xenoliths often experience contamination from the entraining alkaline magma, potentially resulting in elevated concentrations of incompatible trace elements when analysed by conventional bulk rock techniques. To avoid this, we assessed an in situ approach for reconstructing whole rock compositions with granulites from the Kapuskasing Structural Zone, Superior Province, Canada. As terrain samples, they have not been affected by host magma contamination, and as subrecent glacial exposures, they show minimal modern weathering. We used scanning electron microscope electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) phase mapping to establish the modal mineralogy. Major and trace element concentrations of mineral phases were determined by electron microprobe and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS), respectively. These concentrations were combined with the modal mineralogies to obtain reconstructed whole rock compositions, which were compared to conventional bulk rock analyses. The reconstructed data show good reproducibility relative to the conventional analyses for samples with massive textures. However, the conventional bulk rock chemistry systematically yields higher K concentrations, which are hosted in altered feldspars. Thus, even in terrain samples, minor alteration can lead to elevated incompatible element estimates that may not represent genuine lower continental crust.
Effects of Dolomitization on Porosity during Various Sedimentation-Diagenesis Processes in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Yang Leilei , Yu Linjiao , Chen Donghua , Liu Keyu , Yang Peng , Li Xinwei
Published: June 2020

Carbonate reservoirs, especially dolomite reservoirs, contain large reserves of oil and gas. The complex diagenesis is quite challenging to document the dolomite reservoirs formation and evolution mechanism. Porosity development and evolution in dolomite reservoirs primarily reflect the comprehensive effect of mineral dissolution/precipitation during dolomitization. In this study, multicomponent multiphase flow and solute transport simulation was employed to investigate dolomitization in the deep carbonate strata of the Tarim Basin, Northwest China, where active exploration is currently under way. One- and two-dimensional numerical models with various temperatures, fluid compositions and hydrodynamic characteristics were established to quantificationally study dolomitization and its effect on porosity. After determining the main control factors, detailed petrologic characteristics in the studied area were also analyzed to establish four corresponding diagenetic numerical models under different sedimentary environments. These models enabled a systematic analysis of mineral dissolution/precipitation and a quantitative recovery of porosity evolution during various sedimentation-diagenesis processes. The results allowed for a quantitative evaluation and prediction of reservoir porosity, which would provide a basis for further oil and gas exploration in deep carbonate reservoirs.
Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutic Approach for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Ezhilarasu Hariharan , Vishalli Dinesh , Dheen S. Thameem , Bay Boon-Huat , Srinivasan Dinesh Kumar
Published: June 2020

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disease characterized by a state of hyperglycemia (higher level of glucose in the blood than usual). DM and its complications can lead to diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). DFU is associated with impaired wound healing, due to inappropriate cellular and cytokines response, infection, poor vascularization, and neuropathy. Effective therapeutic strategies for the management of impaired wound could be attained through a better insight of molecular mechanism and pathophysiology of diabetic wound healing. Nanotherapeutics-based agents engineered within 1–100 nm levels, which include nanoparticles and nanoscaffolds, are recent promising treatment strategies for accelerating diabetic wound healing. Nanoparticles are smaller in size and have high surface area to volume ratio that increases the likelihood of biological interaction and penetration at wound site. They are ideal for topical delivery of drugs in a sustained manner, eliciting cell-to-cell interactions, cell proliferation, vascularization, cell signaling, and elaboration of biomolecules necessary for effective wound healing. Furthermore, nanoparticles have the ability to deliver one or more therapeutic drug molecules, such as growth factors, nucleic acids, antibiotics, and antioxidants, which can be released in a sustained manner within the target tissue. This review focuses on recent approaches in the development of nanoparticle-based therapeutics for enhancing diabetic wound healing.
Fabrication of Robust Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Dual-Curing Siloxane Resin and Controlled Dispersion of Nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Hyeran , Nam Kibeom , Lee Dong Yun
Published: June 2020

We developed a simple method for the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces on various substrates using spray coating. The fabrication method started with the blending of a modified hydrophobic siloxane binder, silica nanoparticles, and a volatile solvent by sonication. The mixture was spray-coated on various surfaces such as slide glass, paper, metal and fabric, forming a rough surface comprising silica particles dispersed in a hydrophobic binder. Surface hydrophobicity was affected by the surface energy of the binder and the degree of roughness. Therefore, we realized a superhydrophobic surface by controlling these two factors. The hydrophobicity of the siloxane binder was determined by the treatment of fluorine silane; the roughness was controlled by the amount of coated materials and sonication time. Thus, using the spray coating method, we obtained a superhydrophobic surface that was mechanically durable, thermally stable, and chemically resistant.
Analysis of Oil Droplet Deposition Characteristics and Determination of Impact State Criterion in Aero-Engine Bearing Chamber
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Lin , Chen Guoding
Published: June 2020

The research of oil/air two-phase flow and heat transfer is the fundamental work of the design of lubrication and heat transfer in aero-engine bearing chamber. The determination of impact state criterion of the moving oil droplets with the wall and the analysis of oil droplet deposition characteristics are important components. In this paper, the numerical analysis model of the impact between the moving oil droplet and the wall is established by using the finite volume method, and the simulation of oil droplet impingement on the wall is carried out. Then the effects of oil droplet diameter, impact velocity, and incident angle on the characteristic parameters of impact state are discussed. The characteristic parameters include the maximum spreading length, the maximum spreading width, and the number of splashing oil droplets. Lastly the calculation results are verified through comparing with the experimental results in the literature. The results show as follows: (1) The maximum spreading width of oil droplet firstly increases and then slows down with the incident angle and the oil droplet diameter increasing; (2) when the oil droplet diameter becomes small, the influence of the incident angle on the maximum spreading length of oil droplet is obvious and vice versa; (3) with the impact velocity and diameter of oil droplet increasing, the maximum spreading width of oil droplet increases firstly and then slows down, and the maximum spreading length increased gradually; (4) the number of splashing oil droplets increases with the incident angle and impact velocity increasing; and (5) compared with the experimental data in literature, the critical dimensionless splashing coefficient K c proposed in this paper can better distinguish the impact state of oil droplet.
Thermophysical Properties of Newly Synthesized Ammonium-Based Protic Ionic Liquids: Effect of Temperature, Anion and Alkyl Chain Length
Authors: Othman Zailani Nur Hidayah Zulaikha , Yunus Normawati M. , Ab Rahim Asyraf Hanim , Bustam Mohamad Azmi
Published: June 2020

Ionic liquids which are often classified as low melting point salts have received significant attention from research groups and industries to be used in a wide range of applications. Many of these applications require thorough knowledge on the thermophysical properties of the ionic liquids before utilizing their full potentials in various fields. In this work, a series of alkylammonium cation and carboxylate anion-based room temperature protic ionic liquids (PILs) were synthesized by varying length of alkyl chain of the cation from diethyl to dibutyl combined with pentanoate, hexanoate and heptanoate anions. These ammonium-based PILs named as diethylammonium pentanoate [DEA][C5], diethylammonium hexanoate [DEA][C6], diethylammonium heptanoate [DEA][C7], dibutylammonium pentanoate [DBA][C5], dibutylammonium hexanoate [DBA][C6] and dibutylammonium heptanoate [DBA][C7] were characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The thermophysical properties of the PILs namely density, dynamic viscosity and refractive index were measured and analyzed. Density, ρ and dynamic viscosity, η were determined at T = (293.15 to 363.15) K and refractive index, nD was measured at T = (293.15 to 333.15) K. The fitting parameters are proposed for the empirical correlations of density, dynamic viscosity and refractive index. The values of thermal expansion coefficient, αp, molecular volume, Vm, standard entropy, S° and lattice potential energy, Upot also have been calculated by using the specified equations. The thermal decomposition temperature, Td was also determined using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) while the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique provided the glass transition, Tg, melting point, Tm and crystallization, Tc temperatures of the PILs. The experimental results revealed that the dependency of the experimental values namely the ρ, η, nD, and Td on the alkyl chain of the anion, size of the cations and the temperature of measurement.
Sensitivity of Modeled CO2 Air–Sea Flux in a Coastal Environment to Surface Temperature Gradients, Surfactants, and Satellite Data Assimilation
Authors: Torres Ricardo , Artioli Yuri , Kitidis Vassilis , Ciavatta Stefano , Ruiz-Villarreal Manuel , Shutler Jamie , Polimene Luca , Martinez Victor , Widdicombe Claire , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Smyth Timothy , Fishwick James , Tilstone Gavin H.
Published: June 2020

This work evaluates the sensitivity of CO2 air–sea gas exchange in a coastal site to four different model system configurations of the 1D coupled hydrodynamic–ecosystem model GOTM–ERSEM, towards identifying critical dynamics of relevance when specifically addressing quantification of air–sea CO2 exchange. The European Sea Regional Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) is a biomass and functional group-based biogeochemical model that includes a comprehensive carbonate system and explicitly simulates the production of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon and organic matter. The model was implemented at the coastal station L4 (4 nm south of Plymouth, 50°15.00’N, 4°13.02’W, depth of 51 m). The model performance was evaluated using more than 1500 hydrological and biochemical observations routinely collected at L4 through the Western Coastal Observatory activities of 2008–2009. In addition to a reference simulation (A), we ran three distinct experiments to investigate the sensitivity of the carbonate system and modeled air–sea fluxes to (B) the sea-surface temperature (SST) diurnal cycle and thus also the near-surface vertical gradients, (C) biological suppression of gas exchange and (D) data assimilation using satellite Earth observation data. The reference simulation captures well the physical environment (simulated SST has a correlation with observations equal to 0.94 with a p > 0.95). Overall, the model captures the seasonal signal in most biogeochemical variables including the air–sea flux of CO2 and primary production and can capture some of the intra-seasonal variability and short-lived blooms. The model correctly reproduces the seasonality of nutrients (correlation > 0.80 for silicate, nitrate and phosphate), surface chlorophyll-a (correlation > 0.43) and total biomass (correlation > 0.7) in a two year run for 2008–2009. The model simulates well the concentration of DIC, pH and in-water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) with correlations between 0.4–0.5. The model result suggest that L4 is a weak net source of CO2 (0.3–1.8 molCm−2 year−1). The results of the three sensitivity experiments indicate that both resolving the temperature profile near the surface and assimilation of surface chlorophyll-a significantly impact the skill of simulating the biogeochemistry at L4 and all of the carbonate chemistry related variables. These results indicate that our forecasting ability of CO2 air–sea flux in shelf seas environments and their impact in climate modeling should consider both model refinements as means of reducing uncertainties and errors in any future climate projections.
Integration of GF2 Optical, GF3 SAR, and UAV Data for Estimating Aboveground Biomass of China’s Largest Artificially Planted Mangroves
Authors: Zhu Yuanhui , Liu Kai , W. Myint Soe , Du Zhenyu , Li Yubin , Cao Jingjing , Liu Lin , Wu Zhifeng
Published: June 2020

Accurate methods to estimate the aboveground biomass (AGB) of mangroves are required to monitor the subtle changes over time and assess their carbon sequestration. The AGB of forests is a function of canopy-related information (canopy density, vegetation status), structures, and tree heights. However, few studies have attended to integrating these factors to build models of the AGB of mangrove plantations. The objective of this study was to develop an accurate and robust biomass estimation of mangrove plantations using Chinese satellite optical, SAR, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) data based digital surface models (DSM). This paper chose Qi’ao Island, which forms the largest contiguous area of mangrove plantation in China, as the study area. Several field visits collected 127 AGB samples. The models for AGB estimation were developed using the random forest algorithm and integrating images from multiple sources: optical images from Gaofen-2 (GF-2), synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from Gaofen-3 (GF-3), and UAV-based digital surface model (DSM) data. The performance of the models was assessed using the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and relative RMSE (RMSEr), based on five-fold cross-validation and stratified random sampling approach. The results showed that images from the GF-2 optical (RMSE = 33.49 t/ha, RMSEr = 21.55%) or GF-3 SAR (RMSE = 35.32 t/ha, RMSEr = 22.72%) can be used appropriately to monitor the AGB of the mangrove plantation. The AGB models derived from a combination of the GF-2 and GF-3 datasets yielded a higher accuracy (RMSE = 29.89 t/ha, RMSEr = 19.23%) than models that used only one of them. The model that used both datasets showed a reduction of 2.32% and 3.49% in RMSEr over the GF-2 and GF-3 models, respectively. On the DSM dataset, the proposed model yielded the highest accuracy of AGB (RMSE = 25.69 t/ha, RMSEr = 16.53%). The DSM data were identified as the most important variable, due to mitigating the saturation effect observed in the optical and SAR images for a dense AGB estimation of the mangroves. The resulting map, derived from the most accurate model, was consistent with the results of field investigations and the mangrove plantation sequences. Our results indicated that the AGB can be accurately measured by integrating images from the optical, SAR, and DSM datasets to adequately represent canopy-related information, forest structures, and tree heights.
Review of Remote Sensing Methods to Map Coffee Production Systems
Authors: Hunt David A. , Tabor Karyn , Hewson Jennifer H. , Wood Margot A. , Reymondin Louis , Koenig Kellee , Schmitt-Harsh Mikaela , Follett Forrest
Published: June 2020

The coffee sector is working towards sector-wide commitments for sustainable production. Yet, knowledge of where coffee is cultivated and its environmental impact remains limited, in part due to the challenges of mapping coffee using satellite remote sensing. We recognize the urgency to capitalize on recent technological advances to improve remote sensing methods and generate more accurate, reliable, and scalable approaches to coffee mapping. In this study, we provide a systematic review of satellite-based approaches to mapping coffee extent, which produced 43 articles in the peer-reviewed and gray literature. We outline key considerations for employing effective approaches, focused on the need to balance data affordability and quality, classification complexity and accuracy, and generalizability and site-specificity. We discuss research opportunities for improved approaches by leveraging the recent expansion of diverse satellite sensors and constellations, optical/Synthetic Aperture Radar data fusion approaches, and advances in cloud computing and deep learning algorithms. We highlight the need for differentiating between production systems and the need for research in important coffee-growing geographies. By reviewing the range of techniques successfully used to map coffee extent, we provide technical recommendations and future directions to enable accurate and scalable coffee maps.
Enabling Image-Based Streamflow Monitoring at the Edge
Authors: Tosi Fabio , Rocca Matteo , Aleotti Filippo , Poggi Matteo , Mattoccia Stefano , Tauro Flavia , Toth Elena , Grimaldi Salvatore
Published: June 2020

Monitoring streamflow velocity is of paramount importance for water resources management and in engineering practice. To this aim, image-based approaches have proved to be reliable systems to non-intrusively monitor water bodies in remote places at variable flow regimes. Nonetheless, to tackle their computational and energy requirements, offload processing and high-speed internet connections in the monitored environments, which are often difficult to access, is mandatory hence limiting the effective deployment of such techniques in several relevant circumstances. In this paper, we advance and simplify streamflow velocity monitoring by directly processing the image stream in situ with a low-power embedded system. By leveraging its standard parallel processing capability and exploiting functional simplifications, we achieve an accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art algorithms that typically require expensive computing devices and infrastructures. The advantage of monitoring streamflow velocity in situ with a lightweight and cost-effective embedded processing device is threefold. First, it circumvents the need for wideband internet connections, which are expensive and impractical in remote environments. Second, it massively reduces the overall energy consumption, bandwidth and deployment cost. Third, when monitoring more than one river section, processing “at the very edge” of the system efficiency improves scalability by a large margin, compared to offload solutions based on remote or cloud processing. Therefore, enabling streamflow velocity monitoring in situ with low-cost embedded devices would foster the widespread diffusion of gauge cameras even in developing countries where appropriate infrastructure might be not available or too expensive.
PROVIDING THE CUSTOMS AUTHORITY OF UKRAINE THE CONTROL OVER THE MOVEMENT OF GOODS THAT CONTAIN SIGNS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OBJECTS: THEORY AND PRACTICE PROBLEMS OF FORENSIC RESEARCH
Authors: Fedorenko V. , Chabanets T. , Foia O.
Published: June 2020

The publication is devoted to the current problems of the theory and practice of providing by the officials of the specialized unit of the customs authority, in which, according to the official instructions, the functions performed to promote the protection of intellectual property rights and officials of the customs clearance unit of the customs authority of Ukraine. It is also considered the effective control over the movement of goods containing signs objects of intellectual property rights, as well as substantiation of proposals for improvement of the relevant law enforcement practice.

Investigations, using special knowledge of forensic expertise are problematic questions concerning definition of the volume of rights of a utility model protected by a patent; the essential features that can be characterized by the object (product) protected by the patent for a utility model; requirements for the formulation of signs of a utility model established today by the current legislation. This is also concerned the determination of the technical nature and specific features of the object (product) subject to customs clearance, and regarding which there are questions of violation of the intellectual property rights; interpretation of the patent formula without studying the patent description for a utility model. There are also principles that should be guided by the allocation of signs in accordance with the formula of the utility model; identification of signs of an object (product) subject to customs clearance; principles that should be guided by comparable features of a formula protected by a patent with signs of an object (product) subject to customs clearance, etc.

The proposals for improving the practice of preventing the customs authorities from moving counterfeit goods the importation of which into the customs territory of Ukraine or removal from this territory is a violation of intellectual property rights is substantiated.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF UNIFIED LEADERSHIP OF THE DEFENSE AND MILITARY COMMAND IN THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Savechko V. , Chernysh O.
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the directions of the transformation of the joint leadership of the defense and military command and control forces in the Armed Forces of Ukraine in accordance with the Basic Principles of the organization of the joint leadership of the defense and military command in accordance with the Schematic diagram of the perspective system of the joint command of the defense and military control in the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the basis of NATO principles and standards.

Attention is focused on the principles of organizing joint leadership of the defense and military forces in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The content and essence of the principles of organizing joint leadership of the defense and military forces in the Armed Forces of Ukraine are described. The scheme of the system of combined leadership of the defense and military forces in the Armed Forces of Ukraine is given.

The main functions between the structural divisions of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are described in detail.
Mağara Tur Düzenlemesi ve Mağara Rehberinin Görevleri
Authors: YOZCU Serhat
Published: June 2020

Amaç ve Önem: Ülkemizde mağara turizmine yönelik akademik çalışma sayıları giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda genelde, mağaraların görsel mağara işletmeciliği şeklinde turizme kazandırılma potansiyeli üzerine durulmaktadır. Görsel mağaralara yönelik turların nasıl düzenleneceği ve bu turlarda rehberlerin görevleri üzerine herhangi bir çalışma görülmemektedir. Bu çalışmada, bu boşluk giderilmeye çalışılmaktadır.Yöntem: Konu kapsamında ulusal ve uluslararası yazın taraması ile mağara, mağara değerleri, mağaraların turizmde kullanım şekilleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiş, sonrasında görsel mağara işletmelerinin ziyaretçi kabul ederken üzerine durdukları önemli noktalar incelenmiştir.Bulgular: Bu incelemede mağaraya yönelik düzenlenen tur; tur öncesi hazırlık aşaması, tur zamanı ve tur sonrası raporlama aşaması şeklinde üç aşamada değerlendirilmiştir. Ek olarak, mağara turlarında görevli rehberin sahip olması gereken özellikler; genel ziyaretçi ve macera turundaki görevleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.
Topological Properties for Harmonic τ-Uniformly Convex Functions of Order ρ Associated with Wanas Differential Operator
Authors: Wanas Abbas Kareem
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the present paper is to establish some topological properties for a certain family of harmonic τ-uniformly convex functions of order ρ associated with Wanas differential operator defined in the open unit disk U.
Introducción a la Normativa APA 7ª Edición
Authors: Gutiérrez Castillo Juan Jesús , Palacios Rodríguez Antonio
Published: June 2020

Animación didáctica que presenta la normativa propuesta por la American Psychological Association (APA) en su séptima edición. Incluye los principales cambios propuestos en esta edición. Grupo de Investigación Didáctica (GID). Departamento de Didáctica y Organización Escolar de la Universidad de Sevilla.
Esensi Model Pembelajaran High/Scope dalam Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Rochmah Naili , Fahridatun Umi , Hanifatunisak Hanifatunisak
Published: June 2020

Program High/Scope berusaha untuk mengembangkan cakupan keterampilan yang luas pada anak, termasuk pemecahan masalah, interpersonal, dan kemampuan komunikasi yang penting untuk keberhasilan hidup yang sangat cepat berubah dalam masyarakat.  Kurikulum mendukung inisiatif  anak  dengan menyediakan peralatan, dan waktu  untuk melanjutkan aktifitas yang mereka pilih. Diwaktu yang sama, hal ini memberikan kesempatan Guru PAUD untuk merancang aktivitas bimbingan kemandirian anak berdasarkan urutan tujuan pembelajaran. Guru memegang peranan penting pada aktifitas instruksional dengan memilih material yang sesuai  urutan perkembangan dan dengan mengajak anak menggunakan pendekatan active problem solving untuk belajar. Pendekatan High/Scope mempengaruhi tatanan kelas, sikap guru saat berinteraksi dengan anak, dan cara pekerja berinteraksi dengan anak. Artikel ini membahas lebih jauh tentang esensi model pembelajaran High/Scope dalam pembelajaran untuk anak usia dini. Kata Kunci: anak usia dini, model pembelajaran high/scope
Media Pembelajaran Wayang Huruf untuk Meningkatkan Kosa Kata Bahasa Inggris Anak Usia 4-6 Tahun
Authors: Taulany Himmah , Prahesti Swantyka Ilham
Published: June 2020

Kemampuan anak usia dini dalam berbahasa mempunyai masa peka di usia 1,5 tahun. Pengenalan bahasa asing sebagai bagian dari pengembangan kemampuan berbahasa anak dimungkinkan dengan syarat anak tidak merasa terbebani. Oleh karena itu perlu metode dan media dan strategi yang sesuai dengan karakteristik anak. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk meneliti dan mengembangkan suatu media untuk meningkatkan kosa kata bahasa Inggris pada anak usia 4 – 6 tahun. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk; (1) menganalisis hasil pencapaian jumlah kosa kata bahasa Inggris anak usia 4-6 tahun menggunakan media wayang huruf; (2) menganalisis hasil pencapaian jumlah kosa kata bahasa Inggris anak usia 4-6 tahun menggunakan media poster bahasa; (3) menganalisis perbedaan hasil belajar menggunakan media wayang huruf dan media poster bahasa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kosa kata bahasa Inggris yang dikuasai anak setelah menggunakan media pembelajaran wayang huruf adalah lebih banyak dibandingkan menggunakan media poster bahasa. Saran yang diberikan pada penelitian ini adalah jumlah dan jenis kosakata dapat ditingkatkan dan disesuaikan dengan tema-tema yang akan diberikan pada anak-anak. Kata Kunci: anak usia dini, bahasa Inggris, media pembelajaran, wayang huruf
Pembiasaan Penggunaan Bahasa Jawa pada Anak Usia Dini di PAUD Al-Falah Kecamatan Ungaran Timur Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Dewi Nufitriani Kartika , Apriliani Elina Intan
Published: June 2020

Bahasa Jawa adalah salah satu bahasa komunikasi yang digunakan secara khusus di lingkungan etnis Jawa. Bahasa ini merupakan bahasa pergaulan, yang digunakan untuk berinteraksi antarindividu dan memungkinkan terjadinya komunikasi dan perpindahan informasi sehingga tidak ada individu yang ketinggalan zaman. Dalam kedudukannya sebagai bahasa daerah, bahasa Jawa memiliki fungsi sebagai (1) lambang kebanggaan daerah, (2) lambang identitas daerah, dan (3) alat perhubungan di dalam keluarga dan masyarakat daerah. Oleh karena itu, generasi muda suku Jawa sudah sepantasnya melestarikan bahasa Jawa demi kelangsungan dan tetap terjaganya bahasa Jawa di Pulau Jawa. Apalagi, bahasa Jawa merupakan bahasa budi yang menyiratkan budi pekerti luhur, atau merupakan cerminan dari tata krama dan tata krama berbahasa menunjukkan budi pekerti pemakainya.  Berdasarkan latar belakang diatas dapat diidentifikasi masalah dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut : (1) wujud pembiasaan bahasa Jawa anak berdasarkan lingkungan etnis jawa dalam interaksi belajar mengajar di PAUD Al-Falah Kecamatan Ungaran Timur Kabupaten Semarang; (2) wujud metode dan media pembelajaran bahasa jawa guru dalam interaksi belajar mengajar di PAUD Al-Falah Kecamatan Ungaran Timur Kabupaten Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah wujud kesantunan anak dalam interaksi belajar mengajar di PAUD Al-Falah Kecamatan Ungaran Timur Kabupaten Semarang. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan guru dan siswa dalam interaksi belajar mengajar di PAUD Al-Falah Kecamatan Ungaran Timur Kabupaten Semarang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini, yaitu teknik rekam dan teknik catat. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan, yakni pengumpulan data, pereduksian data, penyajian data, dan penyimpulan data. Kata kunci : Pembiasaan, Bahasa Jawa, Anak Usia Dini