bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introducing REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts) to Enhance the Risk Adjusted Returns of the Risky Direct Real Estate Portfolio
Authors: Kim Hin David HO , Chia Chern Justin WONG
Published: October 2016

Purpose: The paper has several objectives in mind: to examine whether or not a dynamic, ex ante AHP-SAA model and a dynamic Markowitz QP TAA model that utilizes de-smoothed data, produces an investment strategy, which further optimizes the risk-adjusted return of the pan-Asian real estate portfolio. It examines the required de-smoothing and Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) for the TAA.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper reveals that the efficient frontier of risk-adjusted returns for direct real estate portfolio is enhanced by introducing REITS. The portfolio comprises the Pan-Asian office and industrial real estate markets for 13 major Asian cities, to which Asian REITS are added. Direct real estate total return data is in its “smooth” form while the REIT data is “de-smoothed” under the 1st and 4th order autoregressive model. The efficient frontier is constructed under a dynamic Strategic Asset Allocation (SAA) model, incorporating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. Secondly, the dynamic Markowitz quadratic-programming Tactical Asset Allocation (TAA) model is adopted to obtain a geographically and real estate sector diversified portfolio.

Findings: The resulting efficient frontier with the de-smoothed data reveals a higher overall TR for every corresponding standard deviation as compared to the smoothed data. TAA for the de-smoothed returns would lie on the efficient frontier at the maximum Sharpe ratio of 1.44 with a TR on 15.30% and a standard deviation of 7.31%. Conversely, TAA for the smoothed returns would lie on the efficient frontier at the maximum Sharpe ratio of 1.31 with a lower TR of 14.2% and a standard deviation of 7.18%.

Practical implications: This paper should serve as a meaningful guide to look at an alternative asset allocation process that can be effectively adopted and refined by practitioners and researchers. It enables asset managers/or investors to deploy expert opinions on an ex ante basis for a longer term dynamic SAA model and a short term dynamic Markowitz QP TAA model.

Originality/Value: The paper offers insightful information for in adopting the AHP to develop a dynamic SAA and the dynamic Markowitz QP TAA model in utilizing de-smoothed direct real estate TR data. This paper is specific to a Pan Asian direct real estate portfolio of 13 Asian cities together with the introduction of Asian REITS, to provide greater diversification and risk-return benefits.
El Arte como objeto de apropiación común: Redefiniendo las bases del derecho moderno
Authors: Nina Daniel
Published: October 2016

La relación entre derecho y arte ha sido siempre una relación de tensión dinámica. Por unlado, el arte se presente como un espacio de libertad, de emancipación y de comunalidad, frente a ladominación, regulación y atomización, centrada en la función de resguardo de la propiedad privada, quecaracterizan al derecho capitalista moderno. De tal forma que en el presente trabajo se propone abordar elanálisis del arte como un momento de emancipación frente al derecho moderno, como un momento quebusca avanzar hacia un derecho de lo común.
POTRET GAYA KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MASYARAKAT KOTA PADANG DALAM MEMBELI MOBIL SEGMEN LOW MPV
Authors: Dharma Surya , Yuliviona Reni , Utari Riesa Diana
Published: October 2016

The main aim of this research was to identify Low MPV consumers’ decision making style in Padang by using Consumer Styles Inventory (CSI).  According to the CSI, one can capture what decision-making styles low-MPV car use.   Furthermore,  this research also discusses the type of Low-MPV differences among consumers.  Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the decision-making styles and Chi-Square Test to distinguish the differences between Low MPV type.    The results shows that there are differences in purchasing decisions making style between Toyota Avanza, Suzuki Ertiga, Honda Mobilio and Daihatsu Xenia.  Toyota Avanza consumers identified as perfectionist style and Suzuki Ertiga consumers as price conscious style while making a decission to buyThe main aim of this research was to identify Low MPV consumers’ decision making style in Padang by using Consumer Styles Inventory (CSI).  According to the CSI, one can capture what decision-making styles low-MPV car use.   Furthermore,  this research also discusses the type of Low-MPV differences among consumers.  Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the decision-making styles and Chi-Square Test to distinguish the differences between Low MPV type.    The results shows that there are differences in purchasing decisions making style between Toyota Avanza, Suzuki Ertiga, Honda Mobilio and Daihatsu Xenia.  Toyota Avanza consumers identified as perfectionist style and Suzuki Ertiga consumers as price conscious style while making a decission to buy
KEMAMPUAN RASIO LIKUIDITAS DAN SOLVABILITAS DALAM MEMPREDIKSI LABA PERUSAHAAN PERUSAHAAN: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN TELEKOMUNIKASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Yusra Irdha
Published: October 2016

This research as a purpose to know what influence of liquidity and solvency ratio toward profitability ratio. Sample from this research is five enterprise in Indonesian Stock Exchange period 2007-2014. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis using Eviews 6. From the results of tests performed showed that liquidity statistically not significant affect profitability, as indicated by the probability of > 0,05 is 0,2761. Be different with solvency who were statistically significantly profitability, which is indicated by the probability of < 0,05 is 0,0460.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN SKRINING RESEP PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI PUSKESMAS WILAYAH KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Jaelani Abdul Khodir
Published: October 2016

Skrining peresepan pasien berbasis teknologi informasi sangat dibutuhkan sekarang ini. Penggunaan teknologi dalam pelayanan resep dapat meningkatkan kinerja tenaga kefarmasian di instalasi rawat jalan dalam melakukan skrining resep pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk membuat pengembangan model desain sistem informasi manajemen skrining resep di Pukesmas wilayah kota Yogyakarta.

Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif (data resep bulan mei 2015) di Puskesmas wilayah kota Yogyakarta yaitu Puskesmas Jetis, Margangsan dan Tegalrejo dengan jumlah sampel 960 resep pasien. kriteria sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah resep pasien BPJS rawat jalan yang ditebus di Puskesmas wilayah kota Yogyakarta. Untuk mengetahui analisis kebutuhan sistem dan untuk membuat desain sistem informasi dianalisis secara deskriptif.

Pengembangan sistem informasi manajemen skrining resep dilakukan dengan metode prototipe. Pengembangan diawali dengan analisis kebutuhan sistem dan selanjutnya dibuat desain model sistem. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kebutuhan sistem identifikasi skrining resep masih belum dilakukan menyeluruh oleh petugas farmasi, komponen yang masih jarang diskrining yaitu berat badan pasien (97,5%), pencantuman nama dokter, paraf dokter, surat ijin praktek dokter (46,4%), dan alergi obat (93,5%). Sedangkan hasil analisis kebutuhan sistem berdasarkan kerangka PIECES (Performance, Information/Data, Economic, Control/Security, Efficiency, dan Service) yaitu sistem informasi skrining resep ini dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan pasien. Desain sistem informasi manajemen skrining resep dibuat dari diagram konteks, data flow diagram dan entity relationship diagram.
KENAIKAN BERAT BADAN DENGAN LAMA PEMAKAIAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI HORMONAL WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PEMBANTU SUNGAI MENGKUANG TAHUN 2015
Authors: Ibrahim Zahera
Published: October 2016

Program KB mempunyai tujuan yaitu menurunkan tingkat kelahiran dan mewujudkan norma keluarga kecil bahagia dan sejahtera. Namun tidak dapat dipungkiri timbulnya konsekuensi lain dari penggunaan alat kontrasepsi khususnya pemakaian alat kontrasepsi hormonal. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan berbagai efek samping di antaranya adalah perubahan berat-badan akseptor.

Penelitian ini menggunakan desain survey analitik dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder, dengan total sampel sebanyak 27 responden di Puskesmas Pembantu Sungai Mengkuang kabupaten Bungo. 

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, mayoritas responden pengguna alat kontrasepsi hormonal mengalami kenaikan berat badan.Tidak ada hubungan antara lama pemakaian alat kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kenaikan berat badan.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka Diharapkan dapat memberikan pengetahuan dan informasi kepada masyarakat khususnya Pasangan Usia Subur tentang alat kontrasepsi, sehingga masyarakat dapat memilih alat kontrasepsi yang baik digunakan menurut usia, paritas dan faktor lainnya.
Nurse Practitioner Perceptions of a Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool in the Retail Clinic Setting
Authors: Marjama Kristen L. , Oliver JoAnn S. , Hayes Jennifer
Published: October 2016

IN BRIEF This article describes a study to gain insight into the utility and perceived feasibility of the American Diabetes Association’s Diabetes Risk Test (DRT) implemented by nurse practitioners (NPs) in the retail clinic setting. The DRT is intended for those without a known risk for diabetes. Researchers invited 1,097 NPs working in the retail clinics of a nationwide company to participate voluntarily in an online questionnaire. Of the 248 NPs who sent in complete responses, 114 (46%) indicated that they used the DRT in the clinic. Overall mean responses from these NPs indicated that they perceive the DRT as a feasible tool in the retail clinic setting. Use of the DRT or similar risk assessment tools in the retail clinic setting can aid in the identification of people at risk for type 2 diabetes.
Healthcare before Welfare States: Hospitals in Early Twentieth Century England and France
Authors: Doyle Barry M.
Published: October 2016

Following the Second World War, many west European nations developed welfare states to enhance the health and security of their populations, but the systems that were created differed significantly in form and function. This article will provide a comparative overview of the development of hospital services in urban England and France in the first forty years of the 20th century using evidence from two case study cities to enhance our understanding of how these welfare systems developed. It will consider the structure of the two hospital systems; governance and accountability; institutional finance; patients; and the role of the central and local state to argue that the maintenance of two separate providers and the exclusion of hospitals from state health insurance in England prompted a different set of responses to the delivery of hospital care compared to what was found in the unified and increasingly state-funded French system.
Biomechanical evaluation of the craniovertebral junction after unilateral joint-sparing condylectomy: implications for the far lateral approach revisited
Authors: Kshettry Varun R. , Healy Andrew T. , Colbrunn Robb , Beckler Dylan T. , Benzel Edward C. , Recinos Pablo F.
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

The far lateral transcondylar approach to the ventral foramen magnum requires partial resection of the occipital condyle. Early biomechanical studies suggest that occipitocervical (OC) fusion should be considered if 50% of the condyle is resected. In clinical practice, however, a joint-sparing condylectomy has often been employed without the need for OC fusion. The biomechanics of the joint-sparing technique have not been reported. Authors of the present study hypothesized that the clinically relevant joint-sparing condylectomy would result in added stability of the craniovertebral junction as compared with earlier reports.

METHODS

Multidirectional in vitro flexibility tests were performed using a robotic spine-testing system on 7 fresh cadaveric spines to assess the effect of sequential unilateral joint-sparing condylectomy (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) in comparison with the intact state by using cardinal direction and coupled moments combined with a simulated head weight “follower load.”

RESULTS

The percent change in range of motion following sequential condylectomy as compared with the intact state was 5.2%, 8.1%, 12.0%, and 27.5% in flexion-extension (FE); 8.4%, 14.7%, 39.1%, and 80.2% in lateral bending (LB); and 24.4%, 31.5%, 49.9%, and 141.1% in axial rotation (AR). Only values at 100% condylectomy were statistically significant (p < 0.05). With coupled motions, however, −3.9%, 6.6%, 35.8%, and 142.4% increases in AR+F and 27.3%, 32.7%, 77.5%, and 175.5% increases in AR+E were found. Values for 75% and 100% condyle resection were statistically significant in AR+E.

CONCLUSIONS

When tested in the traditional cardinal directions, a 50% joint-sparing condylectomy did not significantly increase motion. However, removing 75% of the condyle may necessitate fusion, as a statistically significant increase in motion was found when E was coupled with AR. Clinical correlation is ultimately needed to determine the need for OC fusion.
Intraoperative auditory steady-state monitoring during surgery in the cerebellopontine angle for estimation of postoperative hearing classes
Authors: Rampp Stefan , Rensch Leonhard , Simmermacher Sebastian , Rahne Torsten , Strauss Christian , Prell Julian
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) have been used for intraoperative monitoring of the auditory nerve for many years. However, BAEPs yield limited information about the expected postoperative hearing quality and speech perception. The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) enables objective audiograms to be obtained in patients under anesthesia. These ASSRs could be used for intraoperative estimation of hearing classes to improve the postoperative outcome and quality of life. Studies investigating the clinical use of ASSRs during total intravenous anesthesia are currently lacking. The work presented in this article therefore investigates the application of ASSRs for intraoperative estimation of hearing classes.

METHODS

In 43 patients undergoing surgery for vestibular schwannoma, ASSR measurements were performed at the beginning and end of the surgical procedure. ASSR stimuli consisted of 80-dB hearing level amplitude-modulated tones with 5-minute duration, 90-Hz modulation, and 3 different carrier frequencies: 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. Stimulation was performed unilaterally with and without contralateral masking, using single and combined carriers. Evoked responses were recorded and analyzed in the frequency domain. ASSRs were compared with extraoperative hearing classes and BAEPs using ANOVA, correlation, and receiver operating characteristic statistics.

RESULTS

ASSRs yielded high and consistent area under the curve (AUC) values (mean 0.83) and correlation values (mean −0.63), indicating reliable prediction of hearing classes. Analysis of BAEP amplitude changes showed lower AUC (mean 0.79) and correlation values (0.63, 0.37, and 0.50 for Waves I, III, and V, respectively). Latencies showed low AUC values (mean 0.6) and no significant correlation. Combination of several carriers for simultaneous evaluation reduced ASSR amplitudes and respective AUC values. Contralateral masking did not show a significant effect.

CONCLUSIONS

ASSRs robustly estimate hearing class in patients under total intravenous anesthesia, even when using short measurement durations. The method provides a diagnostic performance that exceeds conventional BAEP monitoring and enables objective and automated evaluation. On the basis of these findings, continuous intraoperative auditory monitoring could become a promising alternative or adjunct to BAEPs.
How does back muscle strength change after posterior lumbar interbody fusion?
Authors: Lee Chong-Suh , Kang Kyung-Chung , Chung Sung-Soo , Park Won-Hah , Shin Won-Ju , Seo Yong-Gon
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

There is a lack of evidence of how back muscle strength changes after lumbar fusion surgery and how exercise influences these changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in back muscle strength after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and to measure the effects of a postoperative exercise program on muscle strength and physical and mental health outcomes.

METHODS

This prospective study enrolled 59 women (mean age 58 years) who underwent PLIF at 1 or 2 spinal levels. To assess the effects of a supervised lumbar stabilization exercise (LSE), the authors allocated the patients to an LSE (n = 26) or a control (n = 33) group. The patients in the LSE group performed the LSEs between 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Back extensor strength, visual analog scale (VAS) scores in back pain, and physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores on the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were determined for the both groups.

RESULTS

Mean strength of the back muscles tended to slightly decrease by 7.5% from preoperatively to 3 months after PLIF (p = 0.145), but it significantly increased thereafter and was sustained until the last follow-up (38.1%, p < 0.001). The mean back muscle strength was similar in the LSE and control groups preoperatively, but it increased significantly more in the LSE group (64.2%) than in the control group (21.7%) at the last follow-up 12 months after PLIF (p = 0.012). At the last follow-up, decreases in back pain VAS scores were more significant among LSE group patients, who had a pain reduction on average of 58.2%, than among control group patients (reduction of 26.1%) (p = 0.013). The patients in the LSE group also had greater improvement in both PCS (39.9% improvement) and MCS (20.7% improvement) scores than the patients in the control group (improvement of 18.0% and 1.1%, p = 0.042 and p = 0.035, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

After PLIF, strength in back muscles decreased until 3 months postoperatively but significantly increased after that period. The patients who regularly underwent postoperative LSE had significantly improved back strength, less pain, and less functional disability at 12 months postoperatively.
Impact of obesity on complications and outcomes: a comparison of fusion and nonfusion lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Onyekwelu Ikemefuna , Glassman Steven D. , Asher Anthony L. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Carreon Leah Y.
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

Prior studies have shown obesity to be associated with higher complication rates but equivalent clinical outcomes following lumbar spine surgery. These findings have been reproducible across lumbar spine surgery in general and for lumbar fusion specifically. Nevertheless, surgeons seem inclined to limit the extent of surgery, perhaps opting for decompression alone rather than decompression plus fusion, in obese patients. The purpose of this study was to ascertain any difference in clinical improvement or complication rates between obese and nonobese patients following decompression alone compared with decompression plus fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

METHODS

The Quality Outcomes Database (QOD), formerly known as the National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database (N2QOD), was queried for patients who had undergone decompression plus fusion (D+F group) versus decompression alone (D+0 group) for LSS and were stratified by a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 (obese) or < 30 kg/m2 (nonobese). Demographic, surgical, and health-related quality of life data were compared.

RESULTS

In the nonobese cohort, 947 patients underwent decompression alone and 319 underwent decompression plus fusion. In the obese cohort, 844 patients had decompression alone and 337 had decompression plus fusion. There were no significant differences in the Oswestry Disability Index score or in leg pain improvement at 12 months when comparing decompression with fusion to decompression without fusion in either obese or nonobese cohorts. However, absolute improvement in back pain was less in the obese group when decompression alone had been performed. Blood loss and operative time were lowest in the nonobese D+0 cohort and were higher in obese patients with or without fusion. Obese patients had a longer hospital stay (4.1 days) than the nonobese patients (3.3 days) when fusion had been performed. In-hospital stay was similar in both obese and nonobese D+0 cohorts. No significant differences were seen in 30-day readmission rates among the 4 cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS

Consistent with the prior literature, equivalent clinical outcomes were found among obese and non-obese patients treated for LSS. In addition, no difference in clinical outcomes as related to the extent of the surgical procedure was observed between obese and nonobese patients. Within the D+0 group, the nonobese patients had slightly better back pain scores at 2 years postoperatively. There may be a higher blood product requirement in obese patients following spine surgery, as well as an extended hospital stay, when fusion is performed. While obesity may influence the decision for or against surgery, the data suggest that obesity should not necessarily alter the appropriate procedure for well-selected surgical candidates.
Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Arsenic Leaching throughout Calcareous Soil Columns
Authors: Darvishi Faranak , Souri Bubak
Published: October 2016

Effect of municipal solid wastes on arsenic leaching in soils is a controversial issue. Calcareous soil naturally bearing considerable amount of arsenic samples from Qorveh plain, in western Iran, was applied to assemble nine soil columns including three treatments of 0 (control), 30 and 60 percent of municipal solid wastes compost each triplicated. Four months of leaching experiment using 300 ml of 833 mg L−1 ammonium phosphate twice a week showed less arsenic leaching for composted soil columns compared to the controls. The results showed that iron, phosphate, nitrate and arsenic concentration leakage significantly differed between the composted and the control columns as decreasing of arsenic leaching throughout the composted columns was also seen. Additionally, it seems soil water retention capacity influenced by amount of the compost added to the columns affects arsenic leaching intensity.
Hydrochemical Characterization of a Tropical, Coastal Aquifer Affected by Landfill Leachate and Seawater Intrusion
Authors: Mangimbulude Jubhar C. , Goeltom Mangihot T. , van Breukelen Boris M. , van Straalen Nico M. , Röling Wilfred F.M.
Published: October 2016

The hydrochemistry of landfill leachate and groundwater is affected by not only waste degradation processes, but also by external factors such as the geography of the landfilling site. Knowledge on the fate of landfill leachate in tropical countries will be beneficial for monitoring and regulatory purposes. We studied the Keputih landfill close to the sea at Surabaya, Indonesia: (1) to assess leachate and groundwater hydrochemistry with respect to contamination and seawater intrusion, (2) to investigate the seasonal effects on hydrochemical composition; and (3) to determine redox conditions in order to evaluate the potential for natural attenuation through microbe-mediated electron-accepting processes. We document an influence from sea water intrusion on groundwater hydrochemistry on top of the influences from the landfill itself. Leachate had a high electrical conductivity and high COD, and contained high concentrations of NH4+, HCO3-, SO42-, Fe2+ and Cl-. Concentrations were significantly influenced by season, except for COD and SO42-. The groundwater at locations surrounding the landfill was also contaminated by leachate and concentrations of groundwater contaminants were higher than national regulatory standards in Indonesia for drinking water. The abundance of SO42- in groundwater indicates a large potential for anaerobic biodegradation of organic compounds. Based on the relative concentrations of Cl- and SO42- an influence of the sea water on groundwater hydrochemistry was obvious. Landfilling in developing countries often occurs in coastal areas, therefore we emphasize the need to study microbial community structure and functioning in relation to degradation of landfill leachate in tropical coastal areas impacted by seawater infiltration.
Removal of Torque Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution by Kail Sawdust
Authors: Gupta Vandana , Agarwal Anupam , Singh M.K. , Singh N.B.
Published: October 2016

Kail sawdust ( Pinus wallichiana) was used for the removal of Torque Blue dye (textile dye) from water using a batch adsorption technique. The effect of initial dye concentration, adsorbent size (particle size) and dosage, pH and temperature on the removal of dye from water was studied to understand the process of adsorption and the kinetics of adsorption process. It was found that maximum (98.7%) adsorption occurred at an adsorbent dosage of 0.5 gm/100 ml dye solution with a particle size of 75 μm in 15 mg/L dye concentration at 37°C temperature and 7.5 pH. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model fitted the data well. The rate of adsorption was better fitted by pseudo first order kinetics. The values of thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. The surface morphology and the functional groups on the adsorbent surface were characterised by SEM and FTIR spectroscopic techniques.
Disorders of branched chain amino acid metabolism
Authors: Manoli I. , Venditti C.P.
Published: October 2016

The three essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, share the first enzymatic steps in their metabolic pathways, including a reversible transamination followed by an irreversible oxidative decarboxylation to coenzyme-A derivatives. The respective oxidative pathways subsequently diverge and at the final steps yield acetyl- and/or propionyl-CoA that enter the Krebs cycle. Many disorders in these pathways are diagnosed through expanded newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is the only disorder of the group that is associated with elevated body fluid levels of the BCAAs. Due to the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation step distal enzymatic blocks in the pathways do not result in the accumulation of amino acids, but rather to CoA-activated small carboxylic acids identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of urine and are therefore classified as organic acidurias. Disorders in these pathways can present with a neonatal onset severe-, or chronic intermittent- or progressive forms. Metabolic instability and increased morbidity and mortality are shared between inborn errors in the BCAA pathways, while treatment options remain limited, comprised mainly of dietary management and in some cases solid organ transplantation.
The Settlements of the Beauly-Wick Coast and the Historiography of the Moray Firth
Authors: Worthington David
Published: October 2016

Narrow strips of sea do not always function as ‘chokepoints’ for the communities that live around them. This article interrogates the historiography of the ‘corridors’ of the Moray Firth region, taken here to be inclusive of the Dornoch Firth, the Cromarty Firth and the inner Moray Firth, and incorporating the Inverness, Kessock and Beauly Firths. Although public and private bodies use the term ‘Moray Firth’ frequently, with few exceptions historians have refrained from doing so. The settlements of the northerly part of the coast, in particular, have been poorly represented in the region's historiography, a theme interrogated in the first section of the article. Social and cultural interactions across the firth are explored, drawing specifically on the history of seven settlements around the Beauly-Wick edge: Pictish Portmahomack, Norse Dingwall, the medieval burgh and pilgrimage site of Tain, early modern Dornoch, nineteenth-century Wick and the modern industrial centres of Invergordon and Nigg. These communities interacted with others situated on the coast to the south. The article concludes by proposing several new questions and approaches for future historical writing on the Moray Firth.
A New Fuzzy Harmony Search Algorithm Using Fuzzy Logic for Dynamic Parameter Adaptation
Authors: Peraza Cinthia , Valdez Fevrier , Garcia Mario , Melin Patricia , Castillo Oscar
Published: October 2016

In this paper, a new fuzzy harmony search algorithm (FHS) for solving optimization problems is presented. FHS is based on a recent method using fuzzy logic for dynamic adaptation of the harmony memory accepting (HMR) and pitch adjustment (PArate) parameters that improve the convergence rate of traditional harmony search algorithm (HS). The objective of the method is to dynamically adjust the parameters in the range from 0.7 to 1. The impact of using fixed parameters in the harmony search algorithm is discussed and a strategy for efficiently tuning these parameters using fuzzy logic is presented. The FHS algorithm was successfully applied to different benchmarking optimization problems. The results of simulation and comparison studies demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
How Much Meteorological Information Is Necessary to Achieve Reliable Accuracy for Rainfall Estimations?
Authors: Valipour Mohammad
Published: October 2016

This paper reports the study of the effect of the length of the recorded data used for monthly rainfall forecasting. Monthly rainfall data for three periods of 5, 10, and 49 years were collected from Kermanshah, Mashhad, Ahvaz, and Babolsar stations and used for calibration time series models. Then, the accuracy of the forecasting models was investigated by the following year’s data. The following was concluded: In temperate and semi-arid climates, 60 observation data is sufficient for the following year’s rainfall forecasting. The accuracy of the time series models increased with increasing amounts of observation data of arid and humid climates. Time series models are appropriate tools for forecasting monthly rainfall forecasting in semi-arid climates. Determining the most critical rainfall month in each climate condition for agriculture schedules is a recommended aim for future studies.
Learned Use of Picture Cues by Bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) in a Delayed Matching Task
Authors: Thompson Emma , Plowright Catherine
Published: October 2016

Picture-object correspondence provides an alternate method of investigating delayed matching by providing a cue (picture) which may be spontaneously perceived as similar but different from a corresponding target. Memory for, and corresponding choice of, a target corresponding to a cue could be facilitated by the use of a picture. Bumblebees have been found to both easily differentiate images from corresponding objects but also spontaneously perceive a similarity between the two. Herein, an approach was designed to test the possible use of picture cues to signal reward in a delayed matching task. Target choice preference corresponding to picture cues was tested among three bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) colonies using photograph cues (presented prior to target stimuli) corresponding to one of four target stimuli. Photograph cues were the only predictor of corresponding target reward, presented in stable locations. Rewarded and unrewarded tests show a choice preference significantly higher than chance for targets matching the cue. Results suggest that bumblebees can learn to use picture cues in a delayed matching task. Furthermore, experience, conditions of reward inconsistency and location, are discussed as possible contributing factors to learning in a delayed matching task.
Reflux Incidence among Exclusively Breast Milk Fed Infants: Differences of Feeding at Breast versus Pumped Milk
Authors: Yourkavitch Jennifer , Zadrozny Sabrina , Flax Valerie
Published: October 2016

The practice of feeding infants expressed breast milk is increasing in the United States, but the impacts on infant and maternal health are still understudied. This study examines the monthly incidence of regurgitation (gastro-esophageal reflux) in exclusively breast milk fed infants from ages two to six months. Among infants whose mothers participated in the Infant Feeding Practices II Study (IFPS II; 2005–2007), data on reflux and feeding mode were collected by monthly questionnaires. A longitudinal, repeated measures analysis was used, with feeding mode lagged by one month in order to compare reflux incidence among infants fed directly at the breast to infants receiving pumped breast milk. Mothers in both feeding groups had similar characteristics, although a greater proportion feeding at least some pumped milk were primiparous. The number of exclusively breastfed infants decreased steadily between months 2 and 6, although the proportion fed at the breast remained similar over time. An association between feeding mode and reflux incidence was not found; however, the analyses were limited by a small number of reported reflux cases. More studies are needed to further explain the relationship between different feeding modes and infant reflux.
Beyond Fuel Treatment Effectiveness: Characterizing Interactions between Fire and Treatments in the US
Authors: Barnett Kevin , Parks Sean , Miller Carol , Naughton Helen
Published: October 2016

In the United States, fuel reduction treatments are a standard land management tool to restore the structure and composition of forests that have been degraded by past management. Although treatments can have multiple purposes, their principal objective is to create landscape conditions where wildland fire can be safely managed to help achieve long-term land management goals. One critique is that fuel treatment benefits are unlikely to transpire due to the low probability that treated areas will be burned by a subsequent fire within a treatment’s lifespan, but little quantitative information exists to corroborate this argument. We summarized the frequency, extent, and geographic variation of fire and fuel treatment interactions on federal lands within the conterminous United States (CONUS). We also assessed how the encounters between fuel treatments and fires varied with treatment size, treatment age, and number of times treated. Overall, 6.8% of treatment units evaluated were encountered by a subsequent fire during the study period, though this rate varied among ecoregions across the CONUS. Larger treatment units were more likely to be encountered by a fire, and treatment units were most frequently burned within one year of the most recent treatment, the latter of which is likely because of ongoing maintenance of existing treatments. Our results highlight the need to identify and prioritize additional opportunities to reduce fuel loading and fire risk on the millions of hectares of federal lands in the CONUS that are in need of restoration.
Molecular Correlates and Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis and Screening of FMR1-Related Disorders
Authors: Rajan-Babu Indhu-Shree , Chong Samuel
Published: October 2016

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common monogenic cause of intellectual disability and autism. Molecular diagnostic testing of FXS and related disorders (fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) and fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS)) relies on a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot (SB) for the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) CGG-repeat expansion and methylation analyses. Recent advancements in PCR-based technologies have enabled the characterization of the complete spectrum of CGG-repeat mutation, with or without methylation assessment, and, as a result, have reduced our reliance on the labor- and time-intensive SB, which is the gold standard FXS diagnostic test. The newer and more robust triplet-primed PCR or TP-PCR assays allow the mapping of AGG interruptions and enable the predictive analysis of the risks of unstable CGG expansion during mother-to-child transmission. In this review, we have summarized the correlation between several molecular elements, including CGG-repeat size, methylation, mosaicism and skewed X-chromosome inactivation, and the extent of clinical involvement in patients with FMR1-related disorders, and reviewed key developments in PCR-based methodologies for the molecular diagnosis of FXS, FXTAS and FXPOI, and large-scale (CGG)n expansion screening in newborns, women of reproductive age and high-risk populations.
UBXD Proteins: A Family of Proteins with Diverse Functions in Cancer
Authors: Rezvani Khosrow
Published: October 2016

The UBXD family is a diverse group of UBX (ubiquitin-regulatory X) domain-containing proteins in mammalian cells. Members of this family contain a UBX domain typically located at the carboxyl-terminal of the protein. In contrast to the UBX domain shared by all members of UBXD family, the amino-terminal domains are diverse and appear to carry out different roles in a subcellular localization-dependent manner. UBXD proteins are principally associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they positively or negatively regulate the ER-associated degradation machinery (ERAD). The distinct protein interaction networks of UBXD proteins allow them to have specific functions independent of the ERAD pathway in a cell type- and tissue context-dependent manner. Recent reports have illustrated that a number of mammalian members of the UBXD family play critical roles in several proliferation and apoptosis pathways dysregulated in selected types of cancer. This review covers recent advances that elucidate the therapeutic potential of selected members of the UBXD family that can contribute to tumor growth.
Similarities and Differences in Mechanical Alloying Processes of V-Si-B and Mo-Si-B Powders
Authors: Krüger Manja , Schmelzer Janett , Helmecke Maria
Published: October 2016

V-Si-B and Mo-Si-B alloys are currently the focus of materials research due to their excellent high temperature capabilities. To optimize the mechanical alloying (MA) process for these materials, we compare microstructures, morphology and particles size as well as hardness evolution during the milling process for the model alloys V-9Si-13B and Mo-9Si-8B. A variation of the rotational speed of the planetary ball mill and the type of grinding materials is therefore investigated. These modifications result in different impact energies during ball-powder-wall collisions, which are quantitatively described in this comparative study. Processing with tungsten carbide vials and balls provides slightly improved impact energies compared to vials and balls made of steel. However, contamination of the mechanically alloyed powders with flaked particles of tungsten carbide is unavoidable. In the case of using steel grinding materials, Fe contaminations are also detectable, which are solved in the V and Mo solid solution phases, respectively. Typical mechanisms that occur during the MA process such as fracturing and comminution are analyzed using the comminution rate KP. In both alloys, the welding processes are more pronounced compared to the fracturing processes.
Development of Mushroom-Based Cosmeceutical Formulations with Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Tyrosinase, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Taofiq Oludemi , Heleno Sandrina , Calhelha Ricardo , Alves Maria , Barros Lillian , Barreiro Maria , González-Paramás Ana , Ferreira Isabel
Published: October 2016

The cosmetic industry is in a constant search for natural compounds or extracts with relevant bioactive properties, which became valuable ingredients to design cosmeceutical formulations. Mushrooms have been markedly studied in terms of nutritional value and medicinal properties. However, there is still slow progress in the biotechnological application of mushroom extracts in cosmetic formulations, either as antioxidants, anti-aging, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory agents or as hyperpigmentation correctors. In the present work, the cosmeceutical potential of ethanolic extracts prepared from Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Lentinula edodes was analyzed in terms of anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. The extracts were characterized in terms of phenolic acids and ergosterol composition, and further incorporated in a base cosmetic cream to achieve the same bioactive purposes. From the results obtained, the final cosmeceutical formulations presented 85%–100% of the phenolic acids and ergosterol levels found in the mushroom extracts, suggesting that there was no significant loss of bioactive compounds. The final cosmeceutical formulation also displayed all the ascribed bioactivities and as such, mushrooms can further be exploited as natural cosmeceutical ingredients.
Maternal Diet and Nutrient Requirements in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. An Italian Consensus Document
Authors: Marangoni Franca , Cetin Irene , Verduci Elvira , Canzone Giuseppe , Giovannini Marcello , Scollo Paolo , Corsello Giovanni , Poli Andrea
Published: October 2016

The importance of lifestyle and dietary habits during pregnancy and breastfeeding, for health of mothers and their offspring, is widely supported by the most recent scientific literature. The consumption of a varied and balanced diet from the preconceptional period is essential to ensure both maternal well-being and pregnancy outcomes. However, the risk of inadequate intakes of specific micronutrients in pregnancy and lactation is high even in the most industrialized countries. This particularly applies to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), iron, iodine, calcium, folic acid, and vitamin D, also in the Italian population. Moreover, the risk of not reaching the adequate nutrient supply is increased for selected groups of women of childbearing age: those following exclusion diets, underweight or overweight/obese, smokers, adolescents, mothers who have had multiple or close pregnancies, and those with previous unfavorable pregnancy outcomes.
A High-Fidelity Haze Removal Method Based on HOT for Visible Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Jiang Hou , Lu Ning , Yao Ling
Published: October 2016

Spatially varying haze is a common feature of most satellite images currently used for land cover classification and mapping and can significantly affect image quality. In this paper, we present a high-fidelity haze removal method based on Haze Optimized Transformation (HOT), comprising of three steps: semi-automatic HOT transform, HOT perfection and percentile based dark object subtraction (DOS). Since digital numbers (DNs) of band red and blue are highly correlated in clear sky, the R-squared criterion is utilized to search the relative clearest regions of the whole scene automatically. After HOT transform, spurious HOT responses are first masked out and filled by means of four-direction scan and dynamic interpolation, and then homomorphic filter is performed to compensate for loss of HOT of masked-out regions with large areas. To avoid patches and halo artifacts, a procedure called percentile DOS is implemented to eliminate the influence of haze. Scenes including various land cover types are selected to validate the proposed method, and a comparison analysis with HOT and Background Suppressed Haze Thickness Index (BSHTI) is performed. Three quality assessment indicators are selected to evaluate the haze removed effect on image quality from different perspective and band profiles are utilized to analyze the spectral consistency. Experiment results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method for haze removal and the superiority of it in preserving the natural color of object itself, enhancing local contrast, and maintaining structural information of original image.
A Novel Energy Efficient Topology Control Scheme Based on a Coverage-Preserving and Sleep Scheduling Model for Sensor Networks
Authors: Shi Binbin , Wei Wei , Wang Yihuai , Shu Wanneng
Published: October 2016

In high-density sensor networks, scheduling some sensor nodes to be in the sleep mode while other sensor nodes remain active for monitoring or forwarding packets is an effective control scheme to conserve energy. In this paper, a Coverage-Preserving Control Scheduling Scheme (CPCSS) based on a cloud model and redundancy degree in sensor networks is proposed. Firstly, the normal cloud model is adopted for calculating the similarity degree between the sensor nodes in terms of their historical data, and then all nodes in each grid of the target area can be classified into several categories. Secondly, the redundancy degree of a node is calculated according to its sensing area being covered by the neighboring sensors. Finally, a centralized approximation algorithm based on the partition of the target area is designed to obtain the approximate minimum set of nodes, which can retain the sufficient coverage of the target region and ensure the connectivity of the network at the same time. The simulation results show that the proposed CPCSS can balance the energy consumption and optimize the coverage performance of the sensor network.
Novel Downhole Electromagnetic Flowmeter for Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow in High-Water-Cut Oil-Producing Wells
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Li Haoyu , Liu Xingbin , Zhang Yuhui , Xie Ronghua , Huang Chunhui , Hu Jinhai , Deng Gang
Published: October 2016

First, the measuring principle, the weight function, and the magnetic field of the novel downhole inserted electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) are described. Second, the basic design of the EMF is described. Third, the dynamic experiments of two EMFs in oil-water two-phase flow are carried out. The experimental errors are analyzed in detail. The experimental results show that the maximum absolute value of the full-scale errors is better than 5%, the total flowrate is 5–60 m3/d, and the water-cut is higher than 60%. The maximum absolute value of the full-scale errors is better than 7%, the total flowrate is 2–60 m3/d, and the water-cut is higher than 70%. Finally, onsite experiments in high-water-cut oil-producing wells are conducted, and the possible reasons for the errors in the onsite experiments are analyzed. It is found that the EMF can provide an effective technology for measuring downhole oil-water two-phase flow.
Ascription, Achievement, and Perceived Equity of Educational Regimes: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Lavrijsen Jeroen , Nicaise Ides
Published: October 2016

This article considers how countries differ in the opinions that citizens hold about the fairness of the social and educational system. From the literature, we derive a typology of four educational “regimes”, based on differences in educational system, labour market and welfare state design. We then use data from the ISSP (2009) to investigate how much weight respondents attribute to ascribed characteristics (e.g., being born in a wealthy family) and individual responsibility (e.g., working hard) to explain success in life or at school. We also examine how these judgments relate to the educational background of the respondents. We consider how these patterns correspond to the existing knowledge on social and economic inequality and what this means for the legitimacy of the social system.