bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecclesiast: A Novel Exploring Atheist Morality & Discrimination in Indonesia
Authors: Limina Cherine Angelica , Setiawan Dwi
Published: October 2022

One of the many reasons why atheists are shunned is the common belief that lack of faith leads to a lack of moral foundation. However, analyses on the moral behaviors of atheists and religious people show that atheists behave similarly to any other group and that they possess their own methods of discovering a moral foundation. This thesis explores the discrimination atheists face within Indonesian society, and how atheists are able to develop and possess their own moral foundation. This thesis uses Turiel’s psychological Social Domain Theory, which is used to explain the moral panic around atheism as well as how morality develops outside of religious teaching. The creative work comes in the form of a magical realist novella about a young woman who slowly reconstructs her view on morality while on a journey to find God for an old corpse, guided by a mysterious archivist.
Rhetorical Devices Used by Content Creators to Address the Boycott of the Game Dead by Daylight
Authors: Setyawan Reynald , Gunawan Samuel
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to analyze the rhetorical devices used by Otzdarva, an affiliated content creator to Behaviour Interactive Inc., and Scott Jund, an unaffiliated content creator, to address the boycott of the game Dead by Daylight. In addition, the writer observed the similarities and differences in the rhetorical devices used by both content creators. In conducting the study, the writer used the rhetorical devices theory by Harris (2018) and the audience design model by Bell (1984, as cited in Seargeant and Tagg, 2014). This study was done using a descriptive qualitative approach. The findings show that Otzdarva used all rhetorical devices from the transition category and five rhetorical devices from the restatement category, while Scott Jund used all rhetorical devices from the transition category and six rhetorical devices from the restatement category. This study showed that the difference in audience roles creates differences in how content creators use rhetorical devices.
Jaegu Song’s Borderline Personality Disorder in the Webtoon Girls of the Wild’s
Authors: Tandidatu Suzatte Siphra Kezia , Limanta Liem Satya
Published: October 2022

This study aims to analyze the classification of Jaegu Song’s borderline personality disorder in the webtoon Girls of the Wild’s. This thesis will use borderline personality disorder theory to analyze Jaegu Song’s behavior and the change in his personality by looking at his actions, dialogues, monologues, and flashbacks. This study analyzes what mental illness Jaegu Song suffered from by finding the symptoms, causes, and effects according to borderline personality disorder theory. It shows that in the webtoon Girls of the Wild’s, Jaegu Song suffered from Borderline Personality Disorder. It can be found that someone might have developed a specific mental illness, even when they appeared to be alright or showed a relatively normal behavior, and sometimes there must be some reasoning on why someone might be seen as problematic or seen as a bad person.
Interactional Style Features Used by Mark Baum In the Film The Big Short
Authors: Wijaya William , Rini Julia Eka
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on analyzing the features of interactional style used by Mark Baum when talking to his interlocutor with different statuses on business related topics. In conducting this study, the writer used the theory of Interactional styles by Holmes (2006). This study was done using a qualitative approach. The result of this study showed that Mark Baum used both feminine and masculine features of interactional style when talking to his interlocutors with different statuses. The writer also found out that the use of features of interactional style, such as aggressive interruption, direct, and autonomous, can be affected by the difference of status. Moreover, Mark Baum also uses masculine features of interactional style more than feminine features of interactional style when talking to his subordinates.
Childhood Trauma Aftermath on the Adult BoJack Horseman
Authors: Tanujaya Sophie Ariella , Limanta Liem Satya
Published: October 2022

In recent decades, adult animation has garnered its own audience due to its mix of dark humor and slash of reality. One popular series is BoJack Horseman. The show intrigues me because throughout its six seasons, it manages to show how childhood trauma deeply affects BoJack, the main character, as an adult. In this study, we want to analyze the root causes of BoJack’s childhood trauma and the coping mechanisms he did. The findings of this research suggest that there are two main reasons: maltreatment from caretakers and loss of a loved one. Furthermore, there are four forms of maltreatment from his parents: hurtful words, broken marriage, domestic abuse, and gaslighting/guilt tripping. To cope with his trauma, BoJack used four strategies: escapism, dark humor, suicide attempt, and professional help. Through a combination of these four strategies, BoJack was forced to deal with his childhood trauma to become a better person.
Exploring Fire Station Location Analysis Methodology Through Fire Service Analysis: Focusing on the Golden Time Data
Authors: Jang Saewoom , Jung Juchul , Ha Gyoungjun
Published: October 2022

Recently, fire services have attracted considerable attention owing to issues such as the occurrence of large-scale fire accidents and the national position of firefighters. The location and establishment of fire stations is under the authority of the cities and counties (Si-Gun) governor, and local governments should provide new indicators for the provision of adequate fire service. This study was conducted to develop a methodology for enabling local governments to provide adequate fire services in the future. The number of “missed golden times” was used as the main indicator, and areas with weak fire services were identified through hotspot analysis. The city and county (Si-Gun) regions of Gyeongsangnam-do province are diversely scaled. Therefore, we analyzed three pertinent aspects: missed golden times’ “missed golden times per 1,000 people,” and “missed golden times per square kilometer.” The analysis yields hotspots for missed golden times and missed golden times per square kilometer in cities toward the east of Gyeongsangnam-do province and the hotspots for missed golden times per 1,000 people in counties of western Gyeongsangnam-do province. These indicators and methodologies, if applied, can serve as one of the major criteria for selecting the location for a new local governmental fire station in the future.
Measures to Enhance the Evacuation Safety of Nursing Hospitals Through Fire and Evacuation Simulations
Authors: Park Kuk Hee , Lee Jai Young , Kong Ha Sung
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to calculate the habitable time using a fire and evacuation simulation program for an in-operation nursing hospital, compare and analyze it with the required evacuation time, and suggest a plan to enhance evacuation safety. The habitable time was calculated through fire simulations by assuming that a fire was caused by the careless handling of heating appliances in a doctor’s office. The evacuation time required for the occupants of the nursing hospital, including those who could not evacuate themselves, was compared and analyzed with the habitable time through the evacuation simulation. In the simulation, nursing hospitals of two stories or higher were not mandated to install ramps or elevators, per the current standards. The evacuation time of the nursing hospital subjected to this experiment exceeded the habitable time; hence, evacuation safety was not ensured. Through evacuation time analysis, we sequentially compared and analyzed the cases where those who were unable to evacuate on their own would evacuate using only the ramp, or only the elevator, or both, the ramp and the elevator. Additionally, the cases in which additional evacuation spaces were installed were also analyzed for the three situations. The evacuation simulation results demonstrated that the evacuation time significantly increased in other instances compared with the cases where ramps, elevators, and evacuation spaces were all installed. The results indicate that all nursing hospitals that are two stories or higher should be required to install all ramps, elevators, and evacuation spaces by amending related laws.
Assessment on Methodology for Predicting Flood Discharges in Creeks
Authors: Cheong Tae Sung , Hwang Shinbum , Park Jongryul , Oh Kukryul , Jeong Sangman
Published: October 2022

As the small public facilities established in the early stages of economic development are at increased risk of disasters due to aging, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety established the “Law of Safety Management on Small Public Facilities” and provided guidelines for reducing vulnerabilities and damages. In this study, the applicability of the Clark unit hydrograph method and a rational formula, which are methods suggested in the guidelines for predicting flood discharges, are evaluated. For the evaluation, three creek basins located in urban, agricultural, and mountainous areas are selected as test watersheds, and the measured flow discharges of small streams downstream of the creeks are determined using the area ratio flow method. The evaluation results show that, for all three creeks, the peak flood discharges predicted using both the Clark unit hydrograph method and the rational formula are greater than those determined using the area ratio flow method ; therefore, the first two methods can be used to predict flood discharges in creeks to ensure safety. However, for a more precise verification of flood discharges and for selecting optimal methods, continuous investigations are required for measuring the hydrological and hydraulics data of the creek and obtaining characteristic information regarding watersheds and channels.
Projection of Flight Cancellations and Economic Losses Caused by Future Climate Change
Authors: Lee Hoyong , Kim Kyunghun , Hwang-Bo Jong Gu , Kim Soojun
Published: October 2022

The aviation industry plays an important role in daily life because of the increase of demand attributable to the development of air logistics as well as domestic and foreign tourism. However, the higher frequency of extreme weather caused by climate change has a large adverse effect on the operation of aircraft. As this effect is expected to increase, measures to reduce flight cancellation are needed. Therefore, in this study, the number of future flight cancellations and related economic losses were calculated for 1 3 domestic airports and six domestic airlines. To calculate the future climate of the airports, we used the recently released Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) climate change scenario. Then, we applied machine learning and the nearest neighbor with genetic algorithm method for spatial and temporal downscaling, respectively. The calculated results were applied to aircraft cancellation criteria and a damage estimation formula. Depending on the scenario, rainfall intensity increased by 2.02 to 3.54 times and wind speed increased by 1.16 to 1.24 times during 2100 to 2081. Economic losses from aircraft cancellations attributable to future climate increased by up to approximately 8.29 times. The results of this study highlight the necessity of preparing for and responding to climate change within the airline industry.
A New Category of “Never Events”—Ending Harmful Hospital Policies
Authors: Chokshi Dave A. , Beckman Adam L.
Published: October 2022

This JAMA Forum discusses hospital policies that can harm patients, such as aggressively collecting payment on medical bills from those who cannot afford to pay, and provides ways to address current “never event” policies.
Assessment of Retinal Changes Following Intravitreal Aflibercept in 2 Patients With Von Hippel-Lindau Disease–Related Retinal Capillary Hemangioblastoma
Authors: Konstantinou Eleni K. , Kodati Shilpa , Wiley Henry E. , Keenan Tiarnán D. L. , Cukras Catherine A. , Johnston Richard H. , Thavikulwat Alisa T.
Published: October 2022

This case report of 2 patients describes peripheral Von Hippel-Lindau disease associated with a series of aflibercept injections.
Enhancing Electron Correlation at a 3d Ferromagnetic Surface
Authors: Janas David Maximilian , Droghetti Andrea , Ponzoni Stefano , Cojocariu Iulia , Jugovac Matteo , Feyer Vitaliy , Radonjić Miloš M. , Rungger Ivan , Chioncel Liviu , Zamborlini Giovanni , Cinchetti Mirko
Published: October 2022

Spin‐resolved momentum microscopy and theoretical calculations are combined beyond the one‐electron approximation to unveil the spin‐dependent electronic structure of the interface formed between iron (Fe) and an ordered oxygen (O) atomic layer, and an adsorbate‐induced enhancement of electronic correlations is found. It is demonstrated that this enhancement is responsible for a drastic narrowing of the Fe d‐bands close to the Fermi energy (EF) and a reduction of the exchange splitting, which is not accounted for in the Stoner picture of ferromagnetism. In addition, correlation leads to a significant spin‐dependent broadening of the electronic bands at higher binding energies and their merging with satellite features, which are manifestations of a pure many‐electron behavior. Overall, adatom adsorption can be used to vary the material parameters of transition metal surfaces to access different intermediate electronic correlated regimes, which will otherwise not be accessible. The results show that the concepts developed to understand the physics and chemistry of adsorbate–metal interfaces, relevant for a variety of research areas, from spintronics to catalysis, need to be reconsidered with many‐particle effects being of utmost importance. These may affect chemisorption energy, spin transport, magnetic order, and even play a key role in the emergence of ferromagnetism at interfaces between non‐magnetic systems.
Advances in Solution‐Processed OLEDs and their Prospects for Use in Displays
Authors: Woo Joo Yoon , Park Min‐Ho , Jeong Su‐Hun , Kim Young‐Hoon , Kim Byungjae , Lee Tae‐Woo , Han Tae‐Hee
Published: October 2022

This review outlines problems and progress in development of solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (SOLEDs) in industry and academia. Solution processing has several advantages such as low consumption of materials, low‐cost processing, and large‐area manufacturing. However, use of a solution process entails complications, such as the need for solvent resistivity and solution‐processable materials, and yields SOLEDs that have limited luminous efficiency, severe roll‐off characteristics, and short lifetime compared to OLEDs fabricated using thermal evaporation. These demerits impede production of practical SOLED displays. This review outlines the industrial demands for commercial SOLEDs and the current status of SOLED development in industries and academia, and presents research guidelines for the development of SOLEDs that have high efficiency, long lifetime, and good processability to achieve commercialization.
A Janus Au–Polymersome Heterostructure with Near‐Field Enhancement Effect for Implant‐Associated Infection Phototherapy
Authors: Chen Chuanshuang , Chu Guangyu , He Wanting , Liu Yannan , Dai Kai , Valdez Jesus , Moores Audrey , Huang Pei , Wang Zhaohong , Jin Jiale , Guan Ming , Jiang Wenfeng , Mai Yiyong , Ma Dongling , Wang Yue , Zhou Yongfeng
Published: October 2022

Polymer–inorganic hybrid Janus nanoparticles (PI‐JNPs) have attracted extensive attention due to their special structures and functions. However, achieving the synergistic enhancement of photochemical activity between polymer and inorganic moieties in PI‐JNPs remains challenging. Herein, the construction of a novel Janus Au–porphyrin polymersome (J‐AuPPS) heterostructure by a facile one‐step photocatalytic synthesis is reported. The near‐field enhancement (NFE) effect between porphyrin polymersome (PPS) and Au nanoparticles in J‐AuPPS is achieved to enhance its near‐infrared (NIR) light absorption and electric/thermal field intensity at their interface, which improves the energy transfer and energetic charge‐carrier generation. Therefore, J‐AuPPS shows a higher NIR‐activated photothermal conversion efficiency (48.4%) and generates more singlet oxygen compared with non‐Janus core–particle Au–PPS nanostructure (28.4%). As a result, J‐AuPPS exhibits excellent dual‐mode (photothermal/photodynamic) antibacterial and anti‐biofilm performance, thereby significantly enhancing the in vivo therapeutic effect in an implant‐associated‐infection rat model. This work is believed to motivate the rational design of advanced hybrid JNPs with desirable NFE effect and further extend their biological applications.
Disparities in food insecurity among Black and White households: An analysis by age cohort, poverty, education, and home ownership
Authors: Berning Joshua , Bonanno Alessandro , Cleary Rebecca
Published: October 2022

We use the Current Population Survey's Food Security Supplement data to investigate food insecurity disparities among Black and White households across different age groups and socioeconomic characteristics. We find that disparities in the probability of food insecurity between Black and White households vary considerably across specific socioeconomic strata, in particular education, poverty status, and home ownership. Black households are systematically more food insecure than White, even when conditioning on other attributes, and even once household heterogeneity is eliminated. Thus, factors beyond socioeconomic characteristics may be more important in determining food insecurity disparities across Black and White households.
Ammonia Synthesis at Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure from N2: A Boron‐Radical Approach
Authors: Bennaamane Soukaina , Rialland Barbara , Khrouz Lhoussain , Fustier‐Boutignon Marie , Bucher Christophe , Clot Eric , Mézailles Nicolas
Published: October 2022

Ammonia, NH3, is an essential molecule, being part of fertilizers. It is currently synthesized via the Haber–Bosch process, from the very stable dinitrogen molecule, N2 and dihydrogen, H2. This process requires high temperatures and pressures, thereby generating ca 1.6 % of the global CO2 emissions. Alternative strategies are needed to realize the functionalization of N2 to NH3 under mild conditions. Here, we show that boron‐centered radicals provide a means of activating N2 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure whilst allowing a radical process to occur, leading to the production of borylamines. Subsequent hydrolysis released NH4+, the acidic form of NH3. EPR spectroscopy supported the intermediacy of radicals in the process, corroborated by DFT calculations, which rationalized the mechanism of the N2 functionalization by R2B radicals.
Unveiling the Protonation Kinetics‐Dependent Selectivity in Nitrogen Electroreduction: Achieving 75.05 % Selectivity
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Lingling , Chen Lin , Wang Hongdan , Jadhav Amol R. , Yang Taehun , Wang Yixuan , Zhang Jinqiang , Kumar Ashwani , Lee Jinsun , Bui Viet Q. , Kim Min Gyu , Lee Hyoyoung
Published: October 2022

While higher selectivity of nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia (NH3) is always achieved in alkali, the selectivity dependence on nitrogen (N2) protonation and mechanisms therein are unrevealed. Herein, we profile how the NRR selectivity theoretically relies upon the first protonation that is collectively regulated by proton (H) abundance and adsorption‐desorption, along with intermediate‐*NNH formation. By incorporating electronic metal modulators (M=Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) in nitrogenase‐imitated model‐iron polysulfide (FeSx), a series of FeMSx catalysts with tailorable protonation kinetics are obtained. The key intermediates behaviors traced by in situ FT‐IR and Raman spectroscopy and operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrate the strong protonation kinetics‐dependent selectivity that mathematically follows a log‐linear Bradley curve. Strikingly, FeCuSx exhibits a record‐high selectivity of 75.05 % at −0.1 V (vs. RHE) for NH3 production in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte.
A Carbon Nanotube Binding BODIPY‐C60 Nano Tweezer: Charge Stabilization through Sequential Electron Transfer
Authors: Kazemi Shahrzad , Jang Youngwoo , Liyanage Anuradha , Karr Paul A. , D'Souza Francis
Published: October 2022

Electron donor–acceptor (DA) hybrids comprised of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising functional materials for light energy conversion. However, the DA hybrids built on SWCNTs have failed to reveal the much‐sought long‐lived charge separation (CS) due to the close proximity of the DA entities facilitating charge recombination. Here, we address this issue and report an elegant strategy to build multi‐modular DA hybrids capable of producing long‐lived CS states. For this, a nano tweezer featuring V‐shape configured BODIPY was synthesized to host SWCNTs of different diameters via π‐stacking. Supported by spectral, electrochemical, and computational studies, the established energy scheme revealed the possibility of sequential electron transfer. Systematic pump‐probe studies covering wide spatial and temporal scales provided evidence of CS from the initial 1BODIPY* ultimately resulting in C60⋅−‐BODIPY‐SWCNT⋅+ CS states of lifetimes in the 20‐microsecond range.
Fluorinated Tetraarylethenes: Universal Tags for the Synthesis of Solid State Luminogens
Authors: Suleymanov Abdusalom A. , Kraus Barbara M. , Damiens Thibault , Ruggi Albert , Solari Euro , Scopelliti Rosario , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Severin Kay
Published: October 2022

The aggregation‐induced emission properties of tetraarylethenes (TAEs) have led to numerous applications in chemistry, biology, and materials science. Herein, we describe two fluorinated tetraarylethenes, which can be employed as universal tags for the synthesis of solid state luminogens. The tags are accessible in one or two steps from commercially available starting materials. Facile coupling reactions with ubiquitous substrates such as thiols, alcohols, amines, phosphines, aldehydes, and enamines allow preparing a wide range of TAE conjugates, including tagged amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, steroids, and commercial polymers.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Carboxylation Enabled by a Chiral 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligand
Authors: Wang Linghua , Li Tao , Perveen Saima , Zhang Shuai , Wang Xicheng , Ouyang Yizhao , Li Pengfei
Published: October 2022

In contrast to previous approaches to chiral α‐aryl carboxylic acids that based on reactions using hazardous gases, pressurized setup and mostly noble metal catalysts, in this work, a nickel‐catalyzed general, efficient and highly enantioselective carboxylation reaction of racemic benzylic (pseudo)halides under mild conditions using atmospheric CO2has been developed. A unique chiral 2,2′‐bipyridine ligand named Me‐SBpy featuring compact polycyclic skeleton enabled both high reactivity and stereoselectivity. The utility of this method has been demonstrated by synthesis of various chiral α‐aryl carboxylic acids (30 examples, up to 95 % yield and 99 : 1 er), including profen family anti‐inflammatory drugs and transformations using the acids as key intermediates. Based on mechanistic experimental results, a plausible catalytic cycle involving Ni‐complex/radical equilibrium and Lewis acid‐assisted CO2activation has been proposed.
Four‐Component Strain‐Release‐Driven Synthesis of Functionalized Azetidines
Authors: Tyler Jasper L. , Noble Adam , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: October 2022

Despite the favorable properties that azetidine rings can engender on drug‐compounds, methods for the diversity‐oriented synthesis of azetidine‐based structures are significantly underdeveloped. Herein, we report the successful realization of a multicomponent [1,2]‐Brook rearrangement/strain‐release‐driven anion relay sequence and its application to the modular synthesis of substituted azetidines. The rapidity of the reaction, as confirmed by in situ infra‐red spectroscopy, leverages the strain‐release ring‐opening of azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane to drive the equilibrium of the Brook rearrangement. The three electrophilic coupling partners, added sequentially to azabicyclo[1.1.0]butyl‐lithium, could be individually varied to access a diverse compound library. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated in a 4‐step synthesis of the EP2 receptor antagonist PF‐04418948.
A Carboranyl Electrolyte Enabling Highly Reversible Sodium Metal Anodes via a “Fluorine‐Free” SEI
Authors: Tomich Anton W. , Park Jehee , Son Seoung‐Bum , Kamphaus Ethan P. , Lyu Xingyi , Dogan Fulya , Carta Veronica , Gim Jihyeon , Li Tao , Cheng Lei , Lee Eungje , Lavallo Vincent , Johnson Christopher S.
Published: October 2022

Realization of practical sodium metal batteries (SMBs) is hindered due to lack of compatible electrolyte components, dendrite propagation, and poor understanding of anodic interphasial chemistries. Chemically robust liquid electrolytes that facilitate both favorable sodium metal deposition and a stable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) are ideal to enable sodium metal and anode‐free cells. Herein we present advanced characterization of a novel fluorine‐free electrolyte utilizing the [HCB11H11]1− anion. Symmetrical Na cells operated with this electrolyte exhibit a remarkably low overpotential of 0.032 V at a current density of 2.0 mA cm−2 and a high coulombic efficiency of 99.5 % in half‐cell configurations. Surface characterization of electrodes post‐operation reveals the absence of dendritic sodium nucleation and a surprisingly stable fluorine‐free SEI. Furthermore, weak ion‐pairing is identified as key towards the successful development of fluorine‐free sodium electrolytes.
Cesium Amide‐Catalyzed Selective Deuteration of Benzylic C‐H Bonds with D2 and Application for Tritiation of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Du Hui‐Zhen , Fan Jun‐Zhen , Wang Zhong‐Zhen , Strotman Neil A. , Yang Haifeng , Guan Bing‐Tao
Published: October 2022

Hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) represents one of the most attractive labeling methods to synthesize deuterium‐ and tritium‐labeled compounds. Catalytic HIE methods that enable site‐selective C−H bond activation and exchange labeling with gaseous isotopes D2 and T2 are of vital importance, in particular for high‐specific‐activity tritiation of pharmaceuticals. As part of our interest in exploring s‐block metals for catalytic transformations, we found CsN(SiMe3)2 to be an efficient catalyst for selective HIE of benzylic C−H bonds with D2 gas. The reaction proceeds through a kinetic deprotonative equilibrium that establishes an exchange pathway between C−H bonds and D2 gas. By virtue of multiple C−H bonds activation and high activity (isotope enrichment up to 99 %), the simple cesium amide catalyst provided a very powerful and practically convenient labeling protocol for synthesis of highly deuterated compounds and high‐specific‐activity tritiation of pharmaceuticals.
Strategies for Safely Maintaining Surgical Volume During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Kinch Jill S. , Isenberg Kim , Vaughn Lexie , Shultz Barbara , Upperman Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2022

Resuming elective surgeries that were canceled during the COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated a change to preprocedure patient preparation at a pediatric tertiary care center in middle Tennessee. We conducted a prospective, observational, mixed‐methods study to determine the effectiveness of a preprocedure COVID‐19 testing team to prevent COVID‐19–related cancellations among pediatric patients receiving planned anesthesia. The intervention involved family member and patient education and a change in health record reporting to include COVID‐19 test results. A team tasked with follow‐up reviewed test results, consulted with families, and coordinated the administration of rapid tests if necessary. We compared preimplementation and postimplementation cancellation rates in four procedural areas and found no significant difference in the cancellation or rescheduling rates (P = .89, 95% confidence interval = –4.29 to 3.09). The team‐based intervention was associated with the preservation of low procedural cancellation rates by mitigating barriers to preprocedural testing.
Curing behavior, mechanical, and flame‐retardant properties of epoxy‐based composites filled by expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate
Authors: Yuan Zhi‐Gang , Shu Zhao‐Hui , Qi Liang , Cai Wan‐An , Liu Wen‐Bin , Wang Jun , Derradji Mehdi , Wang Yan‐hui
Published: October 2022

In this study, 4,4′‐Diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) was exploited as hardener for diglycidyl ether of daidzein (DGED) and epoxy resin mixture (E‐D). The composites were produced by blending with different contents of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and expandable graphite (EG) into E‐D resin, named E‐D/A‐E composites. Firstly, E‐D/A‐E blends were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and DSC to evaluate their curing behavior. The TGA was performed on the E‐D/A‐E composites to analyze their thermal stability, and the thermal properties of the composites were enhanced by adding APP‐EG (A‐E) flame retardants. The mechanical properties and the fractured surfaces of the E‐D/A‐E composites were studied by tensile, impact tests and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, through torch burning test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL‐94) and micro‐calorimetry tests, the influence of A‐E flame retardants contents on flammability of composites were evaluated. The results showed that the UL‐94 V‐0 rating was obtained for the E‐D/A‐E composites and the composites exhibited a self‐extinguishing phenomenon. When A‐E flame retardants content reached 9.1 wt%, the LOI value reached 34.5%, and total heat release (Total HR) was reduced by 20.2% compared with E‐D/A‐E 1.
Lamellae orientation and structure evolution of reinforced poly(lactic acid) via equal channel angular extrusion
Authors: Luo Xiehuai , Lan Bin , Wu Pingping , Yang Qi
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to improve the mechanical performance of biodegradable poly(L‐lactic acid) through equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). Changes in morphology induced by the ECAE shear deformation in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were investigated. Differential scanning calorimeter results suggested a significant improvement in crystallinity of ECAE‐deformed PLA depending on its thermal condition and deformation force. Two‐dimensional wide angle X‐ray diffraction measurement and polarized FTIR spectroscopies of ECAE‐deformed PLA revealed a structural network in the crystalline region, and the taut tie molecules (TTMs) connecting lamellae also stretched. Scanning electron microscope results showed that the macro‐fibrils were generated, and the oriented structures were arranged along the nominal shear direction at a certain angle. Both the inclined macro‐fibrils structure and the oriented TTMs within fibrils were beneficial in improving mechanical performance. Finally, the mechanical property tests showed that the mechanical properties of PLA were improved overall. The tensile strength, elongation, impact strength, and bending strength increased by 28%, 123.8%, 224.3%, and 47.6%, respectively. Meantime, a transition from brittle fracture to ductile fracture was observed from the original PLA billet to ECAE‐deformed one. Therefore, the ECAE process represents a promising approach for comprehensively reinforced PLA.
Adrenal sympathetic nerve mediated the anti‐inflammatory effect of electroacupuncture at ST25 acupoint in a rat model of sepsis
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Cui Xiang , Liu Kun , Gao Xinyan , Zhou Qingchen , Xi Hanqing , Zhao Yingkun , Zhang Dingdan , Zhu Bing
Published: October 2022

Acupuncture plays a vital anti‐inflammatory action in sepsis by activating autonomic nerve anti‐inflammatory pathways, such as sympathoadrenal medullary pathway, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore the optimum parameter of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation in regulating the sympathoadrenal medullary pathway and evaluate EA's anti‐inflammatory effect on sepsis. To determine the optimum parameter of EA at homotopic acupoint on adrenal sympathetic activity, the left adrenal sympathetic nerve firing rate evoked by different intensities of single shock electrical stimulation (ES) at ST25 in healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats were evaluated by in vivo electrophysiological recording, and the levels of norepinephrine (NE) and its metabolites normetanephrine (NMN) were also examined using mass spectrometry. To verify the role of EA at ST25 in sepsis, the rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce sepsis model, and survival rate, clinical score, and the level of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, and IL‐10 were evaluated after EA application. We observed that 3 mA is the optimal intensity for activating adrenal sympathetic nerve, which significantly elevated the level of NE in the peripheral blood. For LPS‐treated rats, EA at the ST25 apparently increased the survival rate and improved the clinical score compared to the control group. Furthermore, 3 mA EA at ST25 significantly decreased pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐1β and upregulated anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 compared to the LPS‐treated group. Overall, our data suggested that 3 mA is the optimal EA intensity at ST25 to activate the sympathoadrenal medullary pathway and exert an anti‐inflammatory effect in sepsis.
The combination of resveratrol and Bletilla striata polysaccharide decreases inflammatory markers of early osteoarthritis knee and the preliminary results on LPS‐induced OA rats
Authors: Lin Tzu‐Chieh , Lin Jhih‐Ni , Yang I‐Hsuan , Soong Christina , Liang Ya‐Jyun , Jakfar Subhaini , Yen Chun‐Che , Liu Hwa‐Chang , Chen Hsuan‐Yu , Lin Feng‐Huei
Published: October 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is characterized by progressive deterioration and loss of articular cartilage with associatedstructural and performance changes in the entire joint, and current treatments for OA only aim to relieve symptoms, rather than to prevent or reverse disease progression. Recently, treatments targeting “early osteoarthritis” (EOA) have attracted attention. However, during EOA stage, chondrocytes may change behaviors to express pro‐inflammatory cytokines and free radicals, which would cause detrimental effects to the synovial cavity and further cartilage wear. In this study, we combined resveratrol (Res) and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) as anti‐inflammatories and antioxidants to diffuse free radicals and to alleviate inflammation from the synovial cavity both short term and long term. The current study introduced a new method for harvesting BSP from as‐received Bletilla striata to achieve high yields, shortened extraction times, and maintained structure/functions. In addition, it combined Res and home‐extracted BSP (Res‐BSP) to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in a Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced OA model. The gene expressions of inflammatory genes iNOs, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and MMP‐13 were upregulated 5.7‐fold, 6.5‐fold, 8.6‐fold, and 4.5‐fold, respectively on OA‐like chondrocytes and the gene expressions were significantly downregulated to 3.3‐fold, 2.1‐fold, 4.9‐fold, and 0.1‐fold, respectively, once OA‐like chondrocytes were treated with Res‐BSP (p < 0.05, compared with OA‐like chondrocytes). The gene expressions of chondrogenic genes TGFβ1, SOX9, and type II collagen were downregulated by 0.8‐fold, 2.2‐fold, and 0.8‐fold, respectively, based on the control group as a baseline. While it was significantly upregulated by 3.4‐fold, 0.32‐fold, and 0.4‐fold, respectively, once OA‐like chondrocytes were treated with Res‐BSP. (p < 0.05, compared with OA‐like chondrocytes). Finally, we elucidated the role of Res‐BSP in EOA in suppressing COX‐2 and activating p‐Smad 2/3 and p‐Erk1/2. We believe that the combination of Res and BSP has great potential as an alternative therapeutic strategy for EOA treatment in future.
Prognostic models for early and late tumor progression prediction in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An analysis of 8292 endemic cases
Authors: Zhang Lu‐Lu , Zheng Wei‐hong , Zhu Wei‐jie , Deng Qi‐Ling , Peng Jun‐Ling , Li Yi‐Yang , Sun Ying , Lin Li
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The time for posttreatment tumor progression differs between nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Herein, we established effective nomograms for predicting early tumor progression (ETP) and late tumor progression (LTP) in NPC patients.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 8292 NPC patients (training cohort: n = 6219; validation cohort: n = 2073). The ELP and LTP were defined as the time to tumor progression ≤24 and >24 months after treatment, respectively.

Results

The ETP and LTP accounted for 52.6 and 47.4% of the total patient cohort, respectively. Patients who developed ETP had markedly worse overall survival (OS) versus patients who suffered from LTP (5‐year OS: 26.2% vs. 59.7%, p < 0.001). Further, we identified 10/6 predictive factors significantly associated with ETP/LTP via logistic regression analyses. These indicators were used separately to construct two predictive nomograms for ETP and LTP. In the training group, the ETP nomogram [Harrell Concordance Index (C‐index) value: 0.711 vs. 0.618; p < 0.001] and LTP nomogram (C‐index value: 0.701 vs. 0.612; p < 0.001) were significantly superior for risk stratification than the TNM staging. These results were supported in the validation group with a C‐index value of 0.753 and 0.738 for the ETP and LTP nomograms, respectively. High‐risk patients defined by ETP/LTP nomograms had shorter progression‐free survival than low‐risk patients (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The established nomograms can help in ELP or LTP risk stratification for NPC patients. Our current results might also provide insights into individualized treatment decisions and designing surveillance strategies for NPC patients.
Promotional Role of Oxygen Vacancy Defects and Cu−Ce Interfacial Sites on the Activity of Cu/CeO2 Catalyst for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Singh Rajan , Pandey Vaibhav , Pant Kamal Kishore
Published: October 2022

Development of novel catalyst for CO2 conversion to methanol is still a challenge. A series of Cu/CeO2 catalyst were prepared by changing the synthesis procedure. The Cu/CeO2 catalyst were prepared by co‐precipitation, surfactant‐assisted co‐precipitation, and sol‐gel methods for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol are documented. The performance of these catalysts was evaluated to elucidate the role of catalytic properties. The Cu/CeO2 catalyst synthesized by the sol‐gel (Cu/CeO2−SG) method exhibited superior strong basic site density, Cu dispersion, and oxygen vacancy defects than co‐precipitation method. A correlation between strong basic site density, oxygen vacancies, and methanol space time yield was established. Moreover, the promotional role of Cu−Ce interfacial sites on the reduced Cu4t/CeO2(111) cluster in CO2 adsorption and activation has been reported by the DFT calculation. These experimental and theoretical results provide insights into Cu‐CeO2 interaction and role of metal‐support interactions in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction.
The Role of Dual Vacancies in TiO2 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation and Pollutants Removal
Authors: Liu Shasha , Lu Lun , Zhu Chao , Fang Qile , Song Shuang , Zheng Yong , Shen. Yi
Published: October 2022

The mechanism of TiO2 with Ti vacancy and O vacancy in photocatalytic hydrogen production is unknown. Herein, TiO2 with three types of vacancies was constructed. It was found that DV‐Ti‐3O containing both O vacancies and Ti vacancies had the highest photocatalytic hydrogen production of 12.42 mmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 twice that of SV‐Ti, where the O vacancy acted as an emitter providing a directional path for the migration of photogenerated electrons and provided the adsorption sites for water molecules, while the introduction of Ti vacancies took the role as electron traps to collect more electrons for hydrogen proton reduction. DV‐Ti‐3O achieved ultra‐fast migration of electronics from O vacancies to Ti vacancies and created ideas for defective engineering of non‐precious metal catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production and organic pollutants removal.
Studies towards the Synthesis of (+)‐Dictyoxetane
Authors: Benford‐Ward Joseph , Ahmadipour Sanaz , Sembayeva Aliya , Male Louise , Grainger Richard S.
Published: October 2022

The dolabellane‐type diterpene dictyoxetane represents a significant challenge to synthetic organic chemistry. Methodology directed towards the total synthesis of naturally occurring (+)‐dictyoxetane is reported. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the trans‐hydrindane ring system is achieved through chemoselective deoxygenation of the Hajos‐Parrish ketone. An alternative to the Garst‐Spencer furan annulation is developed for the synthesis of a 2,5‐dimethyl, tetrasubstituted furan, employing a tandem 5‐exo‐dig alcohol to alkyne cyclisation/aromatisation reaction as a key step. The (4+3) cycloaddition reaction of an oxyallyl cation with a tetrasubstituted furan is established on a cyclohexanone‐derived model system, and a range of related (4+3) cycloadditions investigated on a homochiral, trans‐hydrindane‐fused furan, where regio‐ and diastereoselectivity is required for the natural product synthesis. In an alternative (4+2) Diels‐Alder approach, a C2‐symmetric vinyl sulfoxide‐based chiral ketene equivalent is used to prepare oxanorbornenes with the same oxygen bridge stereochemistry found in the 2,7‐dioxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,8]nonane ring system of the natural product.
Hydrothermal synthesis of chiral carbon dots
Authors: Visheratina Anastasia , Hesami Leila , Wilson Ashleigh K. , Baalbaki Nicole , Noginova Natalia , Noginov Mikhail A. , Kotov Nicholas A.
Published: October 2022

Nanocolloids that are cumulatively referred to as nanocarbons, attracted significant attention during the last decade because of facile synthesis methods, water solubility, tunable photoluminescence, easy surface modification, and high biocompatibility. Among the latest development in this reserach area are chiral nanocarbons exemplified by chiral carbon dots (CDots). They are expected to have applications in sensing, catalysis, imaging, and nanomedicine. However, the current methods of CDots synthesis show often contradictory chemical/optical properties and structural information that required a systematic study with careful structural evaluation. Here, we investigate and optimize chiroptical activity and photoluminescence of L‐ and D‐CDots obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of L‐ and D‐cysteine, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrates that they are formed via gradual dehydrogenation and condensation reactions of the starting amino acid leading to particles with a wide spectrum of functional groups including aromatic cycles. We found that the chiroptical activity of CDots has an inverse correlation with the synthesis duration and temperature, whereas the photoluminescence intensity has a direct one, which is associated with degree of carbonization. Also, our studies show that the hydrothermal synthesis of cysteine in the presence of boric acid leads to the formation of CDots rather than boron nitride nanoparticles as was previously proposed in several reports. These results can be used to design chiral carbon‐based nanoparticles with optimal chemical, chiroptical, and photoluminescent properties.
Chiroptical spectroscopic studies for the absolute configuration determination of hexahydrocurcumin and octahydrocurcumin
Authors: Puente Andrew R. , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Ganjihal Savita , Majeed Muhammed , Polavarapu Prasad L.
Published: October 2022

Hexahydrocurcumin (HHC) and octahydrocurcumin (OHC) were synthesized, and their enantiomers were separated using supercritical fluid chromatography. The absolute configurations (ACs) of HHC and OHC were independently determined using experimental measurements and quantum theoretical predictions of vibrational circular dichroism, electronic circular dichroism, and optical rotatory dispersion. These studies lead to AC assignments of (−)‐(R)‐HHC and (+)‐(R,R)‐OHC. The AC of OHC is further confirmed by its structure determined from single crystal x‐ray diffraction.
Efficient mineralization of sugar industry wastewater by catalytic wet air oxidation as an eco‐friendly method and its kinetic modelling
Authors: Tekin Gülen , Ersöz Gülin , Atalay Süheyda
Published: October 2022

In this study, catalytic wet air oxidation using lanthanum cobalt oxide (LaCoO3) as catalyst was employed for the efficient treatment of synthetic sugar industry wastewater in a single process. A parametric study was performed to determine the optimum conditions. The results showed that reaction temperature and theoretical air percentage were the most effective parameters. Sugar derivatives were almost completely destroyed at the optimum conditions and total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals were determined as 91% and 87%, respectively, indicating a high mineralization degree, which was the main goal of advanced oxidation. The reaction kinetics were investigated by pseudo‐homogeneous and heterogeneous models based on two different parameters: sucrose and TOC concentration. The degree of fit showed that the reaction order was determined as two for the pseudo‐homogeneous approach. According to the surface concentration calculations for heterogeneous models, the presence of mass transfer limitations was only observed for oxygen as gas reactant. All heterogeneous models also fitted the reaction rate data accurately, but the Mars–van Krevelen was the selected model for sucrose and TOC oxidation with the best fit.
Hybrid Androgen Receptor Inhibitors Outperform Enzalutamide and EPI‐001 in in vitro Models of Prostate Cancer Drug Resistance
Authors: Nicolescu Radu Costin Bizga , Maylin Zoe R. , Pérez‐Areales Francisco Javier , Iegre Jessica , Pandha Hardev S. , Asim Mohammad , Spring David R.
Published: October 2022

Androgen receptor targeted therapies for prostate cancer have serious limitations in advanced stages of the disease. While resistance to the FDA‐approved enzalutamide is extensively documented, novel therapies based on epichlorohydrin scaffolds (EPI) are currently in clinical trials, but display suboptimal pharmacokinetics. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological characterisation of a novel class of compounds designed through covalently linking enzalutamide and EPI‐001 through various triazole based linkers. The compounds display an 18 to 53 fold improvement in the cell killing potency towards C4‐2b prostate cancer (PCa) cells compared to the gold standards of therapy, enzalutamide and EPI‐001. The most promising compounds were proven to exhibit their toxicity exclusively through androgen receptor (AR) mediated pathways. This work sets the basis for the first class of hybrid AR inhibitors which successfully combine two drug moieties – EPI‐001 and enzalutamide – into the same molecule.