bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel energy level detector for molecular semiconductors
Authors: Zhou Xuehua , Zhang Juansu , Bai Guoliang , Wang Chunhua , He Wenxiang , Sun Xiangnan , Zhang Jianli , Miao Jiaojiao
Published: January 2022

Principle of energy level detection by HET. The energy of hot carriers can be controlled by the voltage VEB. When the energy surpass the barrier between base and collector (φ), hot carriers inject into the energy levels, respectively.
The role of defects presenting in graphitic SiC sheets and their consequences in the exfoliation of layers – a first principles approach
Authors: Mahendiran D. , Murugan P.
Published: January 2022

First principles calculations are employed to understand the effect of single and divacancy defects in the exfoliation process of 2D SiC sheets and their influence over the structural stability and electronic properties.
An ab initio study of size-selected Pd nanocluster catalysts for the hydrogenation of 1-pentyne
Authors: Pavloudis Theodoros , Kioseoglou Joseph , Palmer Richard E.
Published: January 2022

The partial hydrogenation of 1-pentyne on realistic-size Pd nanoclusters: the energetically preferable sites for the adsorption of all the molecules are the (100) facets of large nanoclusters, followed by their (111) facets, edges and vertices.
A DFT study on gold-catalyzed domino cyclization for post-Ugi synthesis of spiroindolines: insights on the origin of remarkable diastereoselectivity
Authors: Li Yunhe , Zhou Yi , Zhang Jie , Liu Ruiyu , Zhao Xiang , Wang Youliang
Published: January 2022

We report a comprehensive DFT study on gold-catalyzed domino cyclization to spiroindolines.
Evidence for the “cocktail” nature of platinum-catalyzed alkyne and alkene hydrosilylation reactions
Authors: Ondar Evgeniia E. , Burykina Julia V. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: January 2022

Evidence of the involvement of a “cocktail”-type catalytic system in the alkyne and alkene hydrosilylation reaction in the presence of platinum on a carbon support is reported.
Two POM-based compounds containing Zn-capped Keggin anions as decent heterogeneous catalysts for sulfur oxidation and CO2 cycloaddition reactions
Authors: Zhu Yin-Hua , Yang Jian-Bo , Liu Xiao-Mei , Wang Ji-Lei , Ping Qing-Dong , Du Ze-Yu , Li Jia-Nian , Zang Ting-Ting , Mei Hua , Xu Yan
Published: January 2022

Two novel Zn capped polyoxometalate-based organic–inorganic hybrids have been synthesized depending on the hydrothermal method. They display bi-zinc capped and tetra-zinc capped structures, built up from slightly different imidazole ligands and Keggin-type POMs.
CeO2 nanoparticles modulate Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase and lipoxygenase-IV isozyme activities to alleviate membrane oxidative damage to improve rapeseed salt tolerance
Authors: Li Yanhui , Liu Jiahao , Fu Chengcheng , Khan Mohammad Nauman , Hu Jin , Zhao Fameng , Wu Honghong , Li Zhaohu
Published: January 2022

Rapeseed is an important cash crop. However, its yield and quality are significantly affected by salinity stress. Nanoceria helped to improve rapeseed salt tolerance via modulating Cu–Zn SOD and LOX-IV isozyme activities.
Sodium butyrate alleviates intestinal injury and microbial flora disturbance induced by lipopolysaccharides in rats
Authors: Dou Xiujing , Ma Ziwen , Yan Di , Gao Nan , Li Zhongyu , Li Yang , Feng Xingjun , Meng Lingxue , Shan Anshan
Published: January 2022

Sodium butyrate alleviates LPS-induced intestinal inflammation in rats by regulating intestinal injury, inflammatory cytokine levels, and intestinal flora.
Development of the digestive system in early infancy and nutritional management of digestive problems in breastfed and formula-fed infants
Authors: Jiang Hanyun , Gallier Sophie , Feng Lifang , Han Jianzhong , Liu Weilin
Published: January 2022

Immature gastrointestinal tract and different composition between infant formula and human milk make mild digestive problems more likely to occur in formula-fed infants. Special infant formulas to manage the gastrointestinal problems are reviewed.
Alleviation effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on inflammation and oxidative stress in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Sheng Kangliang , Yang Jian , Xu Yifan , Kong Xiaowei , Wang Jingmin , Wang Yongzhong
Published: January 2022

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract delayed the d-galactose-induced aging process in mice through the gut microbiota–liver axis and microbiota–brain axis.
The identification of highly efficacious functionalised tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrroles as inhibitors of HBV viral replication through modulation of HBV capsid assembly
Authors: Cole Andrew G. , Kultgen Steven G. , Mani Nagraj , Ardzinski Andrzej , Fan Kristi Yi , Thi Emily P. , Dorsey Bruce D. , Stever Kim , Chiu Tim , Tang Sunny , Daly Owen , Phelps Janet R. , Harasym Troy , Olland Andrea , Suto Robert K. , Sofia Michael J.
Published: January 2022

Pharmacokinetic optimisation of the clinical candidate HBV capsid inhibitor AB-506 resulted in dramatic improvements in oral exposure and half-life providing compound 17 which demonstrated low dose QD efficacy in a mouse model of HBV replication.
Multicomponent synthesis of novel β-carboline-fused imidazolium derivatives via the Mannich reaction: cytotoxicity, molecular docking, and mechanistic studies as angiogenesis inhibitors
Authors: Zhu Siyu , Chen Xiaofei , Chen Wei , Ma Qin , Li Meng , Fan Wenxi , Zhang Jie , Guo Liang
Published: January 2022

Herein we report novel multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of β-carboline-fused imidazolium derivatives via the Mannich-type reaction.
Updates on hypervalent-iodine reagents: metal-free functionalisation of alkenes, alkynes and heterocycles
Authors: Dahiya Anjali , Sahoo Ashish Kumar , Chakraborty Nikita , Das Bubul , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: January 2022

This review summarises the latest findings on hypervalent-iodine reagents in metal-free organic synthesis.
A novel CuCoS nanozyme for synergistic photothermal and chemodynamic therapy of tumors
Authors: Zhu Guoqing , Zheng Pan , Wang Man , Chen Weilin , Li Chunxia
Published: January 2022

Multifunctional CuCoS nanoparticles with photothermal converters and dual enzymatic activities have been designed for the synergistic photothermal and chemodynamic therapy of tumors.
Metal-free intramolecular hydroarylation of alkynes
Authors: Zhang Chaofeng , Lv Songkui , Wang Yanru , Zhang Jingyi , Wang Xiao-Na , Chang Junbiao
Published: January 2022

An efficient metal-free intramolecular hydroarylation reaction of alkynes is described here. A series of aryl andN-group attached alkynes generated the intramolecular hydroarylation products in high yields.
Polymer grafted magnetic graphene oxide as a potential nanocarrier for pH-responsive delivery of sparingly soluble quercetin against breast cancer cells
Authors: Matiyani Monika , Rana Anita , Pal Mintu , Rana Sravendra , Melkani Anand B. , Sahoo Nanda Gopal
Published: January 2022

Polymer grafted magnetic graphene oxide (GO–PVP–Fe3O4) as an efficient nanocarrier for the delivery of anticancer drug quercetin.
Singular value decomposition analysis of the electron density changes occurring upon electrostatic polarization of water
Authors: Torii Hajime
Published: January 2022

The main features of the electron density changes that occur upon electrostatic polarization of water are elucidated by conducting singular value decomposition analysis of those changes.
Investigation of correlative parameters to evaluate EUV lithographic performance of PMMA
Authors: Kim Kanghyun , Lee Jong-Won , Park Byeong-Gyu , Oh Hyun-Taek , Ku Yejin , Lee Jin-Kyun , Lim Geunbae , Lee Sangsul
Published: January 2022

With a single experimental system, all of the correlated parameters needed to evaluate the lithographic performance of EUV photoresists can be measured.
Guaiane sesquiterpenes from the gorgonian Echinogorgia flora collected in the South China Sea
Authors: Luo Xiangchao , Wu Rongcui , Han Xiao , Tang Xuli , Wang Qi , Li Pinglin , Li Guoqiang
Published: January 2022

Echinoflorine (1), a new dimethylamino-substituted guaipyridine alkaloid with a novel γ-lactone-cyclohepta[c]pyridine fused skeleton, and three new guaiane sesquiterpene lactones, echinofloranolides A–C (2–4), together with eight known guaiane sesquiterpenes were isolated from the gorgonian Echinogorgia flora collected in the South China Sea.
Production of biologically active hydroxytyrosol rich extract via catalytic conversion of tyrosol
Authors: Bouguerra Neji Soumaya , Bouaziz Mohamed
Published: January 2022

An effective and economical process was established to produce hydroxytyrosol, a natural antioxidant molecule.
Diverse saturated heterocycles from a hydroacylation/conjugate addition cascade
Authors: Iwumene Ndidi U. N. , Moseley Daniel. F. , Pullin Robert D. C. , Willis Michael C.
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a one-pot hydroacylation/intramolecular conjugate-addition sequence to access a series of complex stereodefined heterocycles. Subsequent diversification of products is achieved, furnishing functionalized sp3-rich fragments.
Gecko adhesion: a molecular-simulation perspective on the effect of humidity
Authors: Materzok Tobias , Gorb Stanislav , Müller-Plathe Florian
Published: January 2022

Neither the change of the elastic properties of gecko keratin nor capillary forces can solely explain the increased pull-off forces of wet gecko keratin. We find that water density is raised locally and that this increase in local water density smoothes the spatula interface.
Actuation performance of a liquid crystalline elastomer composite reinforced by eiderdown fibers
Authors: Zhao Nan , Wang Xiuxiu , Yao Liru , Yan Huixuan , Qin Ban , Li Chensha , Zhang Jianqi
Published: January 2022

An eiderdown fiber-reinforced liquid crystal elastomer composite developed here demonstrated greatly enhanced actuation mechanical properties and anti-fatigue properties, thus revealing potential in industrial utilizations as an actuator material.
Replacing Ru complex with carbon dots over MOF-derived Co3O4/In2O3 catalyst for efficient solar-driven CO2 reduction
Authors: Liang Qian , Yan Xiaotong , Li Zhongyu , Wu Zhenyu , Shi Hong , Huang Hui , Kang Zhenhui
Published: January 2022

Highly stable CD-modified Co3O4/In2O3 photocatalysts for efficient solar-driven CO2 reduction. With regard to economic cost, the CO generation rate of the CD catalyst is dramatically improved, up to 761 times, compared with that of the Ru catalyst.
A “one-for-three” strategy through a facile one-step hydrothermal engineering of commercial MoO3 for high-performance proton storage
Authors: Liu Weifeng , Zhang Zhi , Shi Junjie , Zheng Yifan , Wu Yonghui , Fu Xiutao , Liu Nishuang , Su Jun , Gao Yihua
Published: January 2022

A “one-for-three” strategy is proposed to regulate commercial MoO3 nanopowders through a simple one-step hydrothermal process. The modified MoO3 nanobelt electrode shows much improved electrochemical performance in proton storage.
Constructing nickel sulfide heterojunctions by W-doping-induced structural transition for enhanced oxygen evolution
Authors: Xue Ziqian , Liu Yawen , Liu Qinglin , Zhang Yawei , Yu Meng , Liang Qianwei , Hu Jianqiang , Li Guangqin
Published: January 2022

A W-doping-induced phase transition strategy was reported to construct heterojunctions. W doping can not only regulate the morphology of the catalysts but also induce to form W-Ni3S2/Ni7S6 heterojunction which is a promising OER catalyst.
Equivalent widths of Lyman α emitters in MUSE-Wide and MUSE-Deep
Authors: Kerutt J. , Wisotzki L. , Verhamme A. , Schmidt K. B. , Leclercq F. , Herenz E. C. , Urrutia T. , Garel T. , Hashimoto T. , Maseda M. , Matthee J. , Kusakabe H. , Schaye J. , Richard J. , Guiderdoni B. , Mauerhofer V. , Nanayakkara T. , Vitte E.
Published: January 2022

Context. The hydrogen Lyman α line is often the only measurable feature in optical spectra of high-redshift galaxies. Its shape and strength are influenced by radiative transfer processes and the properties of the underlying stellar population. High equivalent widths of several hundred Å are especially hard to explain by models and could point towards unusual stellar populations, for example with low metallicities, young stellar ages, and a top-heavy initial mass function. Other aspects influencing equivalent widths are the morphology of the galaxy and its gas properties.

Aims. The aim of this study is to better understand the connection between the Lyman α rest-frame equivalent width (EW0) and spectral properties as well as ultraviolet (UV) continuum morphology by obtaining reliable EW0 histograms for a statistical sample of galaxies and by assessing the fraction of objects with large equivalent widths.

Methods. We used integral field spectroscopy from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) combined with broad-band data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to measure EW0. We analysed the emission lines of 1920 Lyman α emitters (LAEs) detected in the full MUSE-Wide (one hour exposure time) and MUSE-Deep (ten hour exposure time) surveys and found UV continuum counterparts in archival HST data. We fitted the UV continuum photometric images using the Galfit software to gain morphological information on the rest-UV emission and fitted the spectra obtained from MUSE to determine the double peak fraction, asymmetry, full-width at half maximum, and flux of the Lyman α line.

Results. The two surveys show different histograms of Lyman α EW0. In MUSE-Wide, 20% of objects have EW0 > 240 Å, while this fraction is only 11% in MUSE-Deep and ≈16% for the full sample. This includes objects without HST continuum counterparts (one-third of our sample), for which we give lower limits for EW0. The object with the highest securely measured EW0 has EW0 = 589 ± 193 Å (the highest lower limit being EW0 = 4464 Å). We investigate the connection between EW0 and Lyman α spectral or UV continuum morphological properties.

Conclusions. The survey depth has to be taken into account when studying EW0 distributions. We find that in general, high EW0 objects can have a wide range of spectral and UV morphological properties, which might reflect that the underlying causes for high EW0 values are equally varied.
Accretion variability from minute to decade timescales in the classical T Tauri star CR Cha
Authors: Zsidi G. , Manara C. F. , Kóspál Á. , Hussain G. A. J. , Ábrahám P. , Alecian E. , Bódi A. , Pál A. , Sarkis P.
Published: January 2022

Context. Classical T Tauri stars are pre-main-sequence stars that are surrounded by a circumstellar disk from which they accrete material. The mass accretion process is essential in the formation of Sun-like stars. Although often described with simple and static models, the accretion process is inherently time variable.

Aims. We examine the accretion process of the low-mass young stellar object CR Cha on a wide range of timescales from minutes to a decade by analyzing both photometric and spectroscopic observations from 2006, 2018, and 2019.

Methods. We carried out a period analysis of the light curves of CR Cha from the TESS mission and the ASAS-SN and the ASAS-3 databases. We studied the color variations of the system using I, J, H, K-band photometry obtained contemporaneously with the TESS observing window. We analyzed the amplitude, timescale, and the morphology of the accretion tracers found in a series of high-resolution spectra obtained in 2006 with the AAT/UCLES, in 2018 with the HARPS, and in 2019 with the ESPRESSO and the FEROS spectrographs.

Results. All photometric data reveal periodic variations compatible with a 2.327-day rotational period. In addition, the ASAS-SN and ASAS-3 data indicate a long-term brightening by 0.2 mag between 2001 and 2008, and a slightly lower brightening than 0.1 mag in the 2015–2018 period. The near-infrared photometry indicates a short-term brightening trend during the observations in 2019. The corresponding color variations can be explained either by a changing accretion rate or changes in the inner disk structure. The Hα line profile variability suggests that the amplitude variations of the central peak, likely due to accretion, are most significant on daily or hourly timescales. On yearly timescales, the line morphology also changes significantly.

Conclusions. The photometric variability shows that the period of about 2.3 days is stable in the system over decades. Our results show that the amplitude of the variations in the Hα emission increases on timescales from hours to days or weeks, after which it remains similar even at decadal timescales. On the other hand, we found significant morphological variations on yearly or decadal timescales, indicating that the different physical mechanisms responsible for the line profile changes, such as accretion or wind, are present to varying degrees at different times.
Three-dimensional analyses of an aspherical coronal mass ejection and its driven shock
Authors: Ying Beili , Feng Li , Inhester Bernd , Mierla Marilena , Gan Weiqun , Lu Lei , Li Shuting
Published: January 2022

Context. Observations reveal that shocks can be driven by fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and play essential roles in particle accelerations. A critical ratio, δ, derived from a shock standoff distance normalized by the radius of curvature (ROC) of a CME, allows us to estimate shock and ambient coronal parameters. However, true ROCs of CMEs are difficult to measure due to observed projection effects.

Aims. We investigate the formation mechanism of a shock driven by an aspherical CME without evident lateral expansion. Through three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions without a priori assumptions of the object morphology, we estimate the two principal ROCs of the CME surface and demonstrate how the difference between the two principal ROCs of the CME affects the estimate of the coronal physical parameters.

Methods. The CME was observed by the Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation instruments and the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph. We used the mask-fitting method to obtain the irregular 3D shape of the CME and reconstructed the shock surface using the bow-shock model. Through smoothings with fifth-order polynomial functions and Monte Carlo simulations, we calculated the ROCs at the CME nose.

Results. We find that (1) the maximal ROC is two to four times the minimal ROC of the CME. A significant difference between the CME ROCs implies that the assumption of one ROC of an aspherical CME could cause overestimations or underestimations of the shock and coronal parameters. (2) The shock nose obeys the bow-shock formation mechanism, considering the constant standoff distance and the similar speed between the shock and CME around the nose. (3) With a more precise δ calculated via 3D ROCs in space, we derive corona parameters at high latitudes of about −50°, including the Alfvén speed and the coronal magnetic field strength.
Biological Features and Forage Performance of Black Saxaul (Haloxylon Aphyllum (Minkw) Iljin) in the Central Asian Desert
Authors: Shamsutdinova Elmira , Shamsutdinov Zebri
Published: January 2022

Haloxylon aphyllum (Minkw.) Iljin is a treelike shrub from the Chenopodiaceae family with a thick, gnarled, highly branched trunk with dark gray bark. It is propagated by seeds. The most typical conditions of natural habitat are valley-like depressions of ridges and hollows of hilly sands, valleys and channels of old rivers, often with more or less close groundwater occurrence, as well as takyrs and takyr-like serozem soils. Black saxaul has a powerfully developed, deeply penetrating root system that reaches the level of groundwater or moist soil layers. The eaten part of black saxaul in the autumn-winter period is annual shoots, last year’s twigs, fruits. It contains 10-12 % protein (in fruits up to 20 %), 2.2-2.7 % fat, 21.2-38.6 % ash substances, up to 39.3 % nitrogen-free extractive substances and up to 14.9 % fiber. At the age of five to six years, the plant height reaches 4-6 m, and the root system deepens by 14-16 m. Productive longevity is 35-45 years. It begins to vegetate in late March – early April with development of generative shoots. Flowering coincides with development of generative shoots. The flowering period lasts 10-20 days. Black saxaul, depending on the growing conditions, enters the fruiting phase in the 2-4th year of life. When creating pasture shelter strips, forage productivity on adjacent natural pastures at a distance of up to 100 m increases by 20-30 %. In the strip itself, the yield of small grasses increases 2-3 times. The total forage productivity of pastures improved by crops of black saxaul considering the yield of adjacent pastures, increases 2 times.
Study of the variability of the component composition of the essential oil of Artemisia vulgaris L. from the place of collection of raw materials in the territory of Dagestan
Authors: Vagabova Fazina , Aliev Аslan
Published: January 2022

The genus Artemisia L. is represented in the natural flora of Dagestan (Russia) by 21 species. For the first time, data are presented on the release of essential oil and its component composition in the aerial part of Artemisia vulgaris L., collected in different geographical points during the flowering period in 2014. The aim of the work was to assess the dependence of the accumulation and variability of the component composition of the essential oil of the aerial part of A. vulgaris on the place of collection of raw materials. The collected raw materials were dried to an air-dry state, ground in a laboratory mill and subjected to extraction by the Clevenger method (hydrodistillation method). The studied samples of wormwood showed a low content of essential oil, and one sample was colored dark blue, which differs from the literature data. The resulting essential oils were further analyzed on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (Shimadzu). As a result, 51 compounds were found in the essential oil of the aerial part of A. vulgaris (a sample collected in the vicinity of the village of Charoda, 1490 m above sea level, Dagestan, Russia), 56 compounds in a sample collected in the vicinity of the village of Kurush, 2460 m above sea level, Dagestan, Russia. Pinene beta, sabinene, myrcene, eucalyptol, terpinene gamma, thujone –beta, Verbenol trans, terpinen –4 –ol, chrysanthenyl acetate – trans, Isogermacrene D, muurolene epsylon, Humulene alpha, Cadinene gamma, Selyptol –Beta, Bulnesene alpha, Caryophyllene oxide, Humulene epoxide II, Chamazulene. Bulnesene alpha, Caryophyllene oxide, Humulene epoxide II, Chamazulene. Two samples of A. vulgaris essential oil differ in general both in qualitative and quantitative composition of components, both major and minor. The results obtained give us grounds to recommend these samples as sources of valuable components, chamazulene, Chrysanthenyl acetate, cubebene beta and others.
Statistical evaluation of the flight activity of the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff.) in the Northeastern Black Sea Region (Russia)
Authors: Orlov Oleg , Yurchenko Evgeniya
Published: January 2022

The paper presents a statistical assessment of the probabilistic nature of summer in males of Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. according to the data of pheromone monitoring in the vineyards of the North-Eastern Black Sea region. The observed and calculated basic statistical indicators of the frequency binomial distribution of summer (beginning, length of summer, the central trend of summer and the expected period of the central trend) of three economically significant generations are considered. With significant restrictions, the period of mass summer of the pest is indicated, calculated as the standard deviation of summer of all individuals in the period. Indicators such as kurtosis, asymmetry and others have been calculated and analyzed, which make it possible to understand better the nature of the summer of a harmful object. When analyzing the dynamics of the fly of the Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff by various methods, it is concluded that the actually observed fly of the pest are more uniform in comparison with theoretical abstraction. Wherein, the first fly is more extended and unstable than the subsequent periods of mating — this character of fly is influenced by abiotic environmental conditions. Based on long-term monitoring data of seasonal cycles of development, which include four generations, the period of full development of one generation of the Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff in field conditions was established. Its main probabilistic indicators and differences between generations are provided. These data can help in understanding the age dynamics of the grape leafroller population and its probabilistic nature in order to improve the prognosis of the pest development and the timing of protective measures.
Influence of biologically active substances, chemicals and growth regulators on diseases of conifers in urban conditions
Authors: Lyashcheva Lyudmila , Lyashchev Aleksandr , Prok Irina
Published: January 2022

The objects of study were coniferous plants aged from 6 to 10 years. The study involved such plants as Siberian spruce (Pícea obováta), prickly spruce Hoopsi (Picea pungens Hoopsii), western thuja Smaragd (Thuja occidentalis Smaragd), thuja western Brabant (Thuja occidentalis Brabant). The subject of the study was the pathological symptoms manifested on the aboveground plant organs. The plants were planted in 2015 at the age from 6 (thuja Smaragd and thuja Brabant) to 10 (prickly spruce and Siberian spruce) years. The studies were conducted from May 2016 to September 2018 inclusive. During the initial examination, which was carried out on May 28, 2016, on all conifers, there was a loss of decorativeness, partial premature drying of shoots and falling of needles. When using biological products, a persistent stimulating effect is very noticeable — the general condition of conifers improves, this makes it possible to recommend tank mixtures for use, the composition of which is less toxic. Thuja Brabant turned out to be the most unresponsive to drug treatment.
Prospects for using flour from amaranth seeds in dessert technology
Authors: Kutsenkova V.S. , Kuprik N.M. , Nepovinnykh N.V.
Published: January 2022

Amaranth is a pseudo-grain with a high grain yield that can withstand extreme climatic and soil conditions. Amaranth also has good nutritional qualities with high levels of protein, minerals and fat compared to commonly used grains such as corn. Amaranth grain contains 16/100 g protein, 173 mg / 100 g calcium, 35 mg / 100 g iron, 3 mg / 100 g zinc and higher levels of potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, vitamins A and E and folic acid than grain of cereals. Consuming this grain helps in improving kidney complaints, constipation and anemia. The aim of this study is to develop a dessert technology with the addition of a plant additive amaranth seeds sort “Polet” as a complete protein and a source of dietary fiber and replacing sugar with flower honey. Optimum concentration of flour from amaranth seeds was determined. During the experiment, the textural properties of desserts were studied.
Study of Hematological Blood Parameters Depending on the Mode of Administration of the Adjuvant - Antigen-Carrier
Authors: Savina Svetlana , Marinicheva Marina , Strogov Vladimir
Published: January 2022

The article presents experimental materials on the effect of a synthetic adjuvant on the hematological parameters of the blood of laboratory animals, depending on the method of administration. Currently, the search continues for new effective vaccine preparations based on polymeric compounds with immunostimulating properties. An important condition for development of certain carriers (adjuvants) is creation of a drug that can stay in the body for a long time and not cause development of inflammatory reactions, and also does not affect the biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood of animals.
Angeborene Fehlbildungen der Lunge – eine Übersicht
Authors: Ohm Birte , Jungraithmayr Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

Kongenitale pulmonale Malformationen stellen eine heterogene Gruppe seltener
Erkrankungen dar, die auf Fehlentwicklungen während der embryonalen und fetalen
Wachstumsphase basieren. Zu ihnen gehören der Trachealbronchus, die bronchiale
Atresie, die bronchogene Zyste, die Lungensequestration, das kongenitale lobäre
Emphysem sowie die sogenannte Congenital pulmonary Airway Malformation. Eines
der Leitsymptome dieser Malformationen ist die durch ihren verdrängenden Effekt
bedingte postnatale respiratorische Insuffizienz, welche eine rasche operative
Versorgung erfordert. Auch bei asymptomatischen Malformationen wird aufgrund des
erhöhten Infektrisikos die Resektion empfohlen.

In der folgenden Übersicht wird auf die Ursachen, das klinische Bild und die
therapeutischen Optionen dieser angeborenen Fehlbildungen der Lunge und des
Bronchialsystems eingegangen.
New Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa F03, a Fungal Endophyte Isolated from Paepalanthus planifolius
Authors: de Amorim Marcelo R. , Paz Tiago A. , Pinto Luciano da S. , Hilário Felipe , Zanini Camila L. , Aguiar Anna Caroline C. , Silva Débora E. S. , Furlan Maysa , Guido Rafael V. C. , Bauab Taís M. , Netto Adelino V. de G. , dos Santos Lourdes C.
Published: January 2022

As part of our continuing efforts to discover new bioactive compounds from endophytic fungal sources, we have investigated the extract of the Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa F03 strain. The study led to the isolation of four new 3-methyl-isoquinoline alkaloids (1 – 4) and four known polyketides (5 – 8). The structures of compounds 1 – 4 were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and HRMS analysis. The absolute configuration of 4 was determined by comparison of its experimental electronic circular dichroism spectrum with calculated data. Compounds 1 – 4 exhibited antifungal activity with minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 6.25 – 50 µg/mL against six Candida species but they did not present any cytotoxic activity against the human tumor cell lines A549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast), and HepG2 (hepatocellular). In addition, compound 4 exhibited antiplasmodial activity in the low
micromolar range (IC50 = 4 µM).
From reductive to generative crisis: businesspeople using polysemous justifications to make sense of COVID-19
Authors: Sendroiu Ioana
Published: January 2022

Both lay understandings of crisis moments and influential psychological models of cognition in times of uncertainty emphasize how crises limit thinking. Conversely, scholars as diverse as Foucault, Swidler, Bourdieu, and Butler have elaborated generative conceptions of crisis, which specify crises as moments of change, transformation, and heightened cognition. The research presented here takes up the question of how crises become thinkable, as actors gradually make sense of a newly uncertain context. Against a backdrop of polarization on the topic, in-depth interviews with 60 businesspeople navigating the coronavirus pandemic show that they see public health and economic well-being as interrelated. This has important effects on how businesses interpret and implement government directives and public health guidelines, from choosing to close before being mandated to do so, to staying closed even when allowed to reopen. Taken together, these findings substantiate generative models of crisis while drawing attention to the polysemous justifications elaborated by actors as they navigate shifting cultural and social scaffoldings.
A new simplified virial equation of state for high temperature and high pressure gas
Authors: Peng Yue , Long Xinping
Published: January 2022

In this paper, in order to accurately describe the high temperature and high pressure state of gas under detonation conditions, a new simplified form of the virial equation of state (EOS)—the Virial–Peng–Long (VPL) EOS—is proposed based on the theoretical calculation results of dimensionless virial coefficients based on the Lennard-Jones 6-12 (LJ 6-12) molecular potential. In this EOS, the virial coefficients of the third to the fifth order are expressed in the form of an empirical fitting formula. In order to more accurately describe the PVT state of gas at higher temperature than the Virial–Han–Long (VHL) EOS, we theoretically calculate the fourth-order dimensionless virial coefficient in a higher temperature range and apply it to the fourth-order term of the equation, and the fifth-order term of the equation is based on the theoretical calculation results by Kofke in the higher temperature range. Then, in order to verify and evaluate the accuracy of the VPL EOS in describing the PVT state of high temperature and high pressure gas, we refer to relevant molecular dynamics PVT data and NIST database PVT data of methane in the range of P = 0.028 19–187.2648 GPa and T = 623.7–4369.3 K, oxygen in the range of P = 0.01–111.4876 GPa and T = 519.9–4066.8 K, and nitrogen in the range of P = 0.1–2.2 GPa and T = 700–2000 K. The PVT data were calculated by the VPL EOS and compared with the reference values and the calculated values of the Virial Wu (VLW) EOS and VHL EOS. The mean absolute percentage deviation of the calculated values of the VPL EOS is less than 2.0%, which is better than that of the VLW EOS and VHL EOS.
Simulation study for the spectral broadening and compression of a sub-TW laser pulse to a few-cycle duration in a dense gas target
Authors: Tran D. K. , Liu Y.-L , Chou S.-W , Chen S.-H. , Lin M.-W.
Published: January 2022

Spectral broadening and compression of a sub-terawatt (TW) laser pulse can be achieved by tightly focusing the pulse into a thin, dense gas target; in this way, the excited plasma wave drives self-phase modulation in the pulse and causes a coupled spatial-temporal evolution of field envelope. Through three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, selected focal positions of incident pulse, gas species, and target peak densities are assigned to investigate the performance of pulse compression. When a 0.25-TW, 40-fs, 810-nm pulse is incident into a hydrogen target with a 120-μm wide Gaussian density profile and a peak density of 8×1019 cm−3, a shortest output duration of ≈ 20 fs is acquired when the pulse is focused to a size of 4 μm with a position 50 μm before the density peak. Under the same rest of parameters, using a nitrogen target inhibits the pulse compression due to undesired ionization-induced defocusing. Moreover, using a high peak density of 1.2×1020 cm−3 for hydrogen target allows the 0.25-TW pulse to be self-focused to a high intensity capable of exciting a strong plasma wave, which, in turn, modulates and compresses the pulse to ≈7 fs, along with a significantly broadened spectral bandwidth ≈200 nm. This widely expanded spectrum supports a transform-limited pulse duration ≈2.8 fs and allows the output pulse to reach a TW-level peak power when appropriate post-compression is applied.
Ion thermal transport in the H-mode edge transport barrier on DIII-D
Authors: Haskey S. R. , Ashourvan Arash , Banerjee S. , Barada K. , Belli E. A. , Bortolon A. , Candy J. , Chen J. , Chrystal C. , Grierson B. A. , Groebner R. J. , Laggner F. M. , Knolker M. , Kramer G. J. , Major M. R. , Mckee G. , Staebler G. M. , Yan Z. , Van Zeeland M. A.
Published: January 2022

The power balance ion heat flux in the pedestal region on DIII-D increases and becomes increasingly anomalous (above conventional neoclassical) in experiments with higher temperature and lower density pedestals where the ion collisionality (νi*) is lowered toward values expected on ITER. Direct measurements of the main-ion temperature are shown to be essential on DIII-D when calculating the ion heat flux due to differences between the temperature of D+ and the more commonly measured C6+ impurity ions approaching the separatrix. Neoclassical transport calculations from NEO and non-linear gyrokinetic calculations using CGYRO are consistent with these observations and show that while neoclassical transport plays an important role, the turbulent ion heat flux due to ion scale electrostatic turbulence is significant and can contribute similar or larger ion heat fluxes at lower collisionality. Beam emission spectroscopy and Doppler backscattering measurements in the steep gradient region of the H-mode pedestal reveal increased broadband, long-wavelength ion scale fluctuations for the low νi* discharges at the radius where the non-linear CGYRO simulations were run. Taken together, increased fluctuations, power balance calculations, and gyrokinetic simulations show that the above neoclassical ion heat fluxes, including the increases at lower νi*, are likely due to weakly suppressed ion scale electrostatic turbulence. These new results are based on world first inferred ion and electron heat fluxes in the pedestal region of deuterium plasmas using direct measurements of the deuterium temperature for power balance across ion collisionalities covering an order of magnitude from high νi* values of 1.3 down to ITER relevant νi* ∼0.1.
Stochastic diffusion of electrons interacting with whistler-mode waves in the solar wind
Authors: Vo Tien , Lysak Robert , Cattell Cynthia
Published: January 2022

The effects of increasing the whistler amplitude and propagation angle are studied through a variational test particle simulation and calculations of the resonance width. While high amplitude and oblique whistlers in typical 1 AU solar wind parameters are capable of forming an isotropic population without any additional processes, anomalous interactions with quasi-parallel whistlers may be essential to the process of halo formation near the Sun. High amplitude and quasi-parallel whistlers can scatter strahl electrons to low velocities (less than the wave phase velocity) to form a halo population, as long as their amplitude is sufficiently high. We also present in detail a careful treatment of the sensitivity to initial conditions based on calculations of the phase space volume, which is necessary for numerical calculations of highly stochastic motion due to resonant interactions with large amplitude waves. Our method ensures that the volume-preserving characteristic of the Boris algorithm is consistently applied for simulations of both stochastic and non-stochastic particle motion.
Imaging of transient phenomena with low coherence lasers comprising arrays of independent microbeams: A laser version of Harold Edgerton’s stroboscope
Authors: Steinforth Austin W. , Rivera José A. , Eden J. Gary
Published: January 2022

A longstanding barrier to laser imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution is speckle, the granular interference pattern arising from the coherent interaction of laser radiation with the topography of an illuminated surface. Over the past five decades, scores of mechanical and optical approaches to mitigating or eliminating the impact of speckle have been proposed, including dynamic diffusers, degenerate optical cavities, and random lasers. We describe a laser resonator architecture that allows the spatial coherence and the associated speckle contrast ratio (C) of the laser output to be varied continuously while providing the power necessary for optical imaging of dynamic objects and phenomena with sub-10 ns resolution. Stabilization of a Fabry–Pérot optical cavity with an internal array of microlenses generates thousands of mutually incoherent, parallel microlaser beams, which merge in the far field to form a single beam having a near-Gaussian transverse intensity distribution. For this laser illuminator, C scales as 1/N, where N is the number of microlasers in the array. When Ti:Al2O3 serves as the gain medium, composite beams comprising N > 1000 microbeams are generated with a divergence angle of ∼5 mrad and C < 0.03 for single pulse energies of 8 mJ (∼1 MW peak power). To illustrate the capability of this tunable spatial-coherence laser, images of Drosophila melanogaster in flight and turbomolecular pump vanes rotating at 56 000 rpm are presented. Owing to the brightness and pulse energies available with this laser, imaging a target at a distance of 5 m through dense fog with ∼250 μm resolution has been demonstrated.
Online recognition method of transformer partial discharge based on audio detection
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Yanxia , Hu Meizhen , Li Shaojia , Fang Jianjun , Rao Zhiqiang
Published: January 2022

This study aims at the problem of low accuracy and poor real-time of transformer partial discharge defection. This paper uses ultrasonic sensors for contactless detection and proposes an Ultra-Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (UL-CNN). The UL-CNN can extract audio features during partial discharges to achieve the online detection of the transformer. Even in the case of a small number of training samples, the accuracy can reach 98.6%, the online recognition rate is nearly nine times faster than that of MobileNet, and the recognition accuracy and real-time performance are better than those of the classic lightweight network MobileNet.
Silver-modified graphene oxide nanosheets for antibacterial performance of bone scaffold
Authors: Yu Zhiheng , Xu Yang , Tian Xiu
Published: January 2022

Endowing scaffold with antibacterial activity is an effective countermeasure to prevent bacterial infection in bone repair. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) possess broad-spectrum antibacterial efficiency, whereas the agglomeration and burst releasing of Ag NPs hindered their clinic application in bone repair. In this work, Ag NPs were in situ grown on graphene oxide (GO) to construct Ag@GO nanohybrids and then were introduced into polymer scaffold. GO could efficiently load Ag NPs thereby improving their agglomeration in a scaffold, owing to their abundant active groups and large surface areas. Furthermore, GO could realize the sustained release of Ag ions from the scaffold. The results demonstrated the antibacterial scaffold exhibited robust antibacterial performance with an antibacterial rate of 95% against Staphylococcus aureus. On one hand, GO with honeycomb nanostructure and sharp edge could capture and pierce bacteria membrane, which results in physical damage of bacteria. On the other hand, the released Ag NPs from Ag@GO nanohybrids could promote the generation of reactive oxygen species, which causes the inactivation of bacteria. Encouragingly, the antibacterial scaffold also exhibited good cytocompatibility. This work developed an efficient antibacterial material for the scaffold in bone repair.
Yielding transition of a two dimensional glass former under athermal cyclic shear deformation
Authors: Bhaumik Himangsu , Foffi Giuseppe , Sastry Srikanth
Published: January 2022

We study numerically the yielding transition of a two dimensional model glass subjected to athermal quasi-static cyclic shear deformation, with the aim of investigating the effect on the yielding behavior of the degree of annealing, which in turn depends on the preparation protocol. We find two distinct regimes of annealing separated by a threshold energy. Poorly annealed glasses progressively evolve toward the threshold energy as the strain amplitude is increased toward the yielding value. Well annealed glasses with initial energies below the threshold energy exhibit stable behavior, with a negligible change in energy with increasing strain amplitude, until they yield. Discontinuities in energy and stress at yielding increase with the degree of annealing, consistent with recent results found in three dimensions. We observe a significant structural change with strain amplitude that closely mirrors the changes in energy and stresses. We investigate groups of particles that are involved in plastic rearrangements. We analyze the distributions of avalanche sizes, of clusters of connected rearranging particles, and related quantities, employing finite size scaling analysis. We verify previously investigated relations between exponents characterizing these distributions.
Lessons from a landmark 1991 article on soil structure: distinct precedence of non-destructive assessment and benefits of fresh perspectives in soil research
Authors: Baveye Philippe C. , Balseiro-Romero María , Bottinelli Nicolas , Briones María , Capowiez Yvan , Garnier Patricia , Kravchenko Alexandra , Otten Wilfred , Pot Valérie , Schlüter Steffen , Vogel Hans-Jörg
Published: January 2022

In 1991, at the launch of a national symposium devoted to soil structure, the Australian Society of Soil Science invited Professor John Letey to deliver a keynote address, which was later published in the society’s journal. In his lecture, he shared the outcome of his reflexion about what the assessment of soil structure should amount to, in order to produce useful insight into the functioning of soils. His viewpoint was that the focus should be put on the openings present in the structure, rather than on the chunks of material resulting from its mechanical dismantlement. In the present article, we provide some historical background for Letey’s analysis, and try to explain why it took a number of years for the paradigm shift that he advocated to begin to occur. Over the last decade, his perspective that soil structure needs to be characterised via non-destructive methods appears to have gained significant momentum, which is likely to increase further in the near future, as we take advantage of recent technological advances. Other valuable lessons that one can derive from Letey’s pioneering article relate to the extreme value for everyone, even neophytes, to constantly ask questions about where research on given topics is heading, what its goals are, and whether the methods that are used at a certain time are optimal.
Tuning protein half-life in mouse using sequence-defined biopolymers functionalized with lipids
Authors: Vanderschuren Koen , Arranz-Gibert Pol , Khang Minsoo , Hadar Dagan , Gaudin Alice , Yang Fan , Folta-Stogniew Ewa , Saltzman W. Mark , Amiram Miriam , Isaacs Farren J.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Functionalization of proteins and biopolymers with chemical modifications can be utilized to alter their chemical and biophysical properties. In contrast to traditional chemical functionalization strategies, the use of nonstandard amino acids enables precise positioning of functional groups. Here, we report that multisite conjugation of fatty acids, at precise sites harboring genetically encoded nonstandard amino acids with bioorthogonal chemical handles, can be employed to tune the half-life of proteins in a mouse model. This programmable approach could offer a technical foundation for the modification of protein and peptide therapeutics to improve their efficacy or pharmacokinetic profile (e.g., to prevent rapid clearance and reduce frequency of administration).
The psychology of separation: Border walls, soft power, and international neighborliness
Authors: Mutz Diana C. , Simmons Beth A.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Studies to date have focused on the impact of border walls on national security, transborder crime, and the environment. This study addresses how border walls affect the way a country is viewed by the citizens of other countries, all else being equal. Using an experimental design that is replicated in the United States, Ireland, and Turkey, we find that the presence of walls on borders harms countries’ international image. This is especially true if the country is known to have been the builder of the wall. Walls also lower evaluations of the bordering countries’ bilateral relationship. Although the presence of a wall increases perceptions of a country’s border security, paradoxically it lowers the perceived security of people within the country.