bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the analogue cognitive test from the ISPOCD equivalent to the digital cognitive test Mindmore? A protocol for a randomised cross-over study including qualitative interviews with self-reported healthy seniors
Authors: Amirpour Anahita , Bergman Lina , Liander Karin , Eriksson Lars I , Eckerblad Jeanette , Nilsson Ulrica
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Postoperative cognitive decline affects cognitive domains such as executive functions, memory, concentration and information processing. The analogue neuropsychological test developed by the International Study Group of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (ISPOCD) is a well-established test for assessing cognitive performance. However, analogue tests are time-consuming, rarely cost-effective and can be at risk of administration bias. Digital solutions are comparable to analogue ones, have higher degrees of compliance and enable more standardised execution than analogue tests. Currently, there is a lack of recommendations for clinical evaluation of the patient’s cognition in the perioperative setting, standard care usually means no cognitive assessments prior or after the surgery. There is a need to find an equivalent neuropsychological test to the ISPOCD to make it accessible and easier to implement in a clinical context for perioperative patients. This study aims to examine how healthy seniors perform on two neuropsychological tests, analogue versus digital and measure equivalency between tests with correlation analysis.

Methods and analysis

This study will use a randomised cross-over design, including qualitative interviews regarding test experiences. Healthy participants ≥60 years of age will be eligible to participate in the study. Cognitive function will be measured by using the ISPOCD test and the Mindmore digital test. The participants will self-report depressive symptoms with the Geriatric Depression Scale-15, user experience of the digital test using a modified version of the System Usability Scale and answer questionnaires targeting their experiences after the tests. Furthermore, according to the Swedish Quality of Recovery Scale, self-reported concentration difficulties will also be measured.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2021-05486-01) and will follow the principles outlined in the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Results from this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, at scientific conferences, and in social media.

Trial registration number

2021-01095; ClinicalTrials.gov.
Conditions for the success and the feasibility of health mediation for healthcare use by underserved populations: a scoping review
Authors: Richard Elodie , Vandentorren Stephanie , Cambon Linda
Published: September 2022

Objective

This article aims to analyse the conditions under which health mediation for healthcare use is successful and feasible for underserved populations.

Method

We conducted a scoping review on the conditions for effective health mediation according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews standards. We searched for articles in the following databases: PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus and Cairn published between 1 January 2015 and 18 December 2020. We selected the articles concerning health mediation interventions or similar, implemented in high-income countries and conducted among underserved populations, along with articles that questioned their effectiveness conditions. We created a two-dimensional analysis grid of the data collected: a descriptive dimension of the intervention and an analytical dimension of the conditions for the success and feasability of health mediation.

Results

22 articles were selected and analysed. The scoping review underlines many health mediation characteristics that articulate education and healthcare system navigation actions, along with mobilisation, engagement, and collaboration of local actors among themselves and with the populations. The conditions for the success and the feasability were grouped in a conceptual framework of health mediation.

Conclusion

The scoping review allows us to establish an initial framework for analysing the conditions for the success and the feasability of health mediation and to question the consistency of the health mediation approach regarding cross-cutting tensions and occasionally divergent logic.
Challenges in detecting and managing mild cognitive impairment in primary care: a focus group study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Lu Yuan , Liu Chaojie , Wells Yvonne , Yu Dehua
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is essential in slowing progression to dementia. Primary care plays a vital role in detecting and managing MCI. The chronic care model (CCM) provides effective methods to manage chronic diseases.

Objective

This study aimed to explore how MCI services are delivered in primary care in China.

Methods

Focus group interviews were conducted face to face among MCI stakeholders from six community health centres (CHCs) involved in the ‘friendly community programme’ in Shanghai, China. A total of 124 MCI stakeholders were interviewed, consisting of 6 groups (n=42) of general practitioners (GPs), 3 groups (n=18) of CHC managers, 4 groups (n=32) of people with MCI and 4 groups (n=32) of informal caregivers. Content and thematic analyses were performed using a combination of induction and deduction approaches.

Results

Three major themes emerged from the data corresponding to the CCM framework: hesitant patients, unprepared providers and misaligned environments. While the public are hesitant to seek medical attention for MCI problems, due to misunderstanding, social stigma and a lack of perceived benefits, GPs and CHCs are not well prepared either, due to lack of knowledge and a shortage of GPs, and a lack of policy, funding and information support. None of these issues can be addressed separately without tackling the others.

Conclusion

This study combined the diverse perceptions of all the main stakeholders to detect and manage MCI in primary care settings in China. A vicious circle was found among the three interconnected CCM domains, creating a gridlock that should be addressed through a system’s approach targeting all of the above-mentioned aspects.
Do general practitioners working in or alongside the emergency department improve clinical outcomes or experience? A mixed-methods study
Authors: Scantlebury Arabella , Adamson Joy , Salisbury Chris , Brant Heather , Anderson Helen , Baxter Helen , Bloor Karen , Cowlishaw Sean , Doran Tim , Gaughan James , Gibson Andy , Gutacker Nils , Leggett Heather , Purdy Sarah , Voss Sarah , Benger Jonathan Richard
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To examine the effect of general practitioners (GPs) working in or alongside the emergency department (GPED) on patient outcomes and experience, and the associated impacts of implementation on the workforce.

Design

Mixed-methods study: interviews with service leaders and NHS managers; in-depth case studies (n=10) and retrospective observational analysis of routinely collected national data. We used normalisation process theory to map our findings to the theory’s four main constructs of coherence, cognitive participation, collective action and reflexive monitoring.

Setting and participants

Data were collected from 64 EDs in England. Case site data included: non-participant observation of 142 clinical encounters; 467 semistructured interviews with policy-makers, service leaders, clinical staff, patients and carers. Retrospective observational analysis used routinely collected Hospital Episode Statistics alongside information on GPED service hours from 40 hospitals for which complete data were available.

Results

There was disagreement at individual, stakeholder and organisational levels regarding the purpose and potential impact of GPED (coherence). Participants criticised policy development and implementation, and staff engagement was hindered by tensions between ED and GP staff (cognitive participation). Patient ‘streaming’ processes, staffing and resource constraints influenced whether GPED became embedded in routine practice. Concerns that GPED may increase ED attendance influenced staff views. Our quantitative analysis showed no detectable impact on attendance (collective action). Stakeholders disagreed whether GPED was successful, due to variations in GPED model, site-specific patient mix and governance arrangements. Following statistical adjustment for multiple testing, we found no impact on: ED reattendances within 7 days, patients discharged within 4 hours of arrival, patients leaving the ED without being seen; inpatient admissions; non-urgent ED attendances and 30-day mortality (reflexive monitoring).

Conclusions

We found a high degree of variability between hospital sites, but no overall evidence that GPED increases the efficient operation of EDs or improves clinical outcomes, patient or staff experience.

Trial registration number

ISCRTN5178022.
Understanding people’s experiences of extrication while being trapped in motor vehicles: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Nutbeam Tim , Brandling Janet , Wallis Lee A , Stassen Willem
Published: September 2022

Objective

To explore patient’s experience of entrapment and subsequent extrication following a motor vehicle collision and identify their priorities in optimising this experience.

Design

Semistructured interviews exploring the experience of entrapment and extrication conducted at least 6 weeks following the event. Thematic analysis of interviews.

Setting

Single air ambulance and spinal cord injury charity in the UK.

Participants

10 patients were recruited and consented; six air ambulance patients and two spinal cord injury charity patients attended the interview. 2 air ambulance patients declined to participate following consent due to the perceived potential for psychological sequelae.

Results

The main theme across all participants was that of the importance of communication; successful communication to the trapped patient resulted in a sense of well-being and where communication failures occurred this led to distress. The data generated three key subthemes: ‘on-scene communication’, ‘physical needs’ and ‘emotional needs’. Specific practices were identified that were of use to patients during entrapment and extrication.

Conclusions

Extrication experience was improved by positive communication, companionship, explanations and planned postincident follow-up. Extrication experience was negatively affected by failures in communication, loss of autonomy, unmanaged pain, delayed communication with remote family and onlooker use of social media. Recommendations which will support a positive patient-centred extrication experience are the presence of an ‘extrication buddy’, the use of clear and accessible language, appropriate reassurance in relation to co-occupants, a supportive approach to communication with family and friends, the minimisation of onlooker photo/videography and the provision of planned (non-clinical) follow-up.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of ICU nurses regarding subsyndromal delirium among 20 hospitals in China: a descriptive cross-sectional survey
Authors: Xing Huanmin , Zhu Shichao , Liu Shiqing , Xia Ming , Jing Mengjuan , Dong Guangyan , Ni Weiwei , Li Liming
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study sought to investigate nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and practices, and analyse the influencing factors for subsyndromal delirium (SSD).

Design

A descriptive cross-sectional survey.

Setting

E-questionnaires were distributed to intensive care unit (ICU) nurses from 20 tertiary-grade, A-class hospitals in Henan Province, China.

Participants

A total of 740 ICU nurses participated in the questionnaire survey.

Main outcome measures

Each dimension score is converted to a percentage scale. A score of ≤60% on each dimension of the questionnaire was considered a negative score, <80% was considered a intermediate score and ≥80% was considered an excellent score.

Results

A total of 733 questionnaires were included in the study. More than half of the nurses were at the intermediate level, and a few nurses were at the excellent level. Nurses self-assessed their level of knowledge was intermediate. In the attitudes dimension, nurses’ attitudes were negative. The results of the practical dimension showed that most nurses could carry out the clinical practice. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level and received SSD training were influencing factors.

Conclusions

ICU nursing staff overestimated their knowledge of SSD and showed a negative attitude towards it. Various forms of education and training are necessary.
Comparing exercise and patient education with usual care in the treatment of hip dysplasia: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial with 6-month follow-up (MovetheHip trial)
Authors: Jacobsen Julie Sandell , Thorborg Kristian , Nielsen Rasmus Østergaard , Jakobsen Stig Storgaard , Foldager Casper , Sørensen Dorthe , Oestergaard Lisa Gregersen , van Tulder Maurits W , Mechlenburg Inger
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Surgery is not a viable treatment for all patients with hip dysplasia. Currently, usual care for these patients is limited to a consultation on self-management. We have shown that an exercise and patient education intervention is a feasible and acceptable intervention for patients not receiving surgery. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether patients with hip dysplasia randomised to exercise and patient education have a different mean change in self-reported pain compared with those randomised to usual care over 6 months. Furthermore, we aim to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and perform a process evaluation.

Methods and analysis

In a randomised controlled trial, 200 young and middle-aged patients will be randomised to either exercise and patient education or usual care at a 1:1 ratio through permuted block randomisation. The intervention group will receive exercise instruction and patient education over 6 months. The usual care group will receive one consultation on self-management of hip symptoms. The primary outcome is the self-reported mean change in the pain subscale of the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). Secondary outcomes include mean changes in the other HAGOS subscales, in the Short Version of the International Hip Outcome Tool, in performance, balance and maximal hip muscle strength. Between-group comparison from baseline to 6-month follow-up will be made with intention-to-treat analyses with a mixed-effects model. Cost-effectiveness will be evaluated by relating quality-adjusted life years and differences in HAGOS pain to differences in costs over 12 months. The functioning of the intervention will be evaluated as implementation, mechanisms of change and contextual factors.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol was approved by the Committee on Health Research Ethics in the Central Denmark Region and registered at ClinicalTrials. Positive, negative and inconclusive findings will be disseminated through international peer-reviewed scientific journals and international conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT04795843.
Association between nutritional, inflammatory and oxidative status (NIOS) and risk of adverse outcomes in patients on haemodialysis (HD): the NIOS-HD prospective cohort study protocol
Authors: Foshati Sahar , Askari Gholamreza , Bagherniya Mohammad , Mortazavi Mojgan , Moeinzadeh Firouzeh , Taheri Shahram , Heidari Zahra , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The mortality of patients on chronic haemodialysis is 10–30 times greater than that of the general population and over 60% of these individuals die within the first 5 years of beginning haemodialysis. Although causes for excessive mortality in haemodialysis patients are not clearly defined, it seems that nutrition, inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in this regard. Until now, no cohort study has focused on the association between nutritional, inflammatory or oxidative status and risk of complications and adverse outcomes in Iranian haemodialysis patients. Therefore, we sought to fill this gap and designed the Nutritional, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Status in Hemodialysis (NIOS-HD) prospective cohort study to determine the association of dietary factors, malnutrition, anthropometric indices, body composition, inflammation and oxidative stress with quality of life, dialysis access infections, hospitalisation, potential years of life lost and mortality in adults on maintenance haemodialysis in Isfahan, Iran.

Methods and analysis

The sample size of this cohort was estimated to be 300 participants. At baseline, demographic, medical and dialysis-related data of eligible patients will be recorded. In addition, participants will undergo anthropometric measurements, malnutrition assessment and body composition analysis. Also, their dietary intake and quality of life will be evaluated through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Moreover, their fasting blood samples will be collected and stored for biochemical assays including transthyretin, albumin, serum amyloid A, pentraxin-3, trimethylamine N-oxide, myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase-1 and superoxide dismutase. After baseline evaluation, patients will be followed up to 3 years to update exposure information (except biochemical assays) and measure adverse outcomes. Finally, collected data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Ethics and dissemination

The NIOS-HD is in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (reference number: IR.MUI.RESEARCH.REC.1399.605). Findings of this study will be published in academic journals.
Vagus nerve stimulation as a novel treatment for systemic lupus erythematous: study protocol for a randomised, parallel-group, sham-controlled investigator-initiated clinical trial, the SLE-VNS study
Authors: Zinglersen Amanda Hempel , Drange Ida Lynghøj , Myhr Katrine Aagaard , Fuchs Andreas , Pfeiffer-Jensen Mogens , Brock Christina , Jacobsen Søren
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease. SLE is treated with immunosuppressants with suboptimal efficacy and high risk of serious side effects. Patients with SLE have increased risk of mortality, organ damage and debilitating treatment-resistant fatigue. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (AD) is present in approximately half of the patients and may promote autoimmunity by weakening the vagally mediated anti-inflammatory reflex. Recent studies suggest that transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has few side effects and beneficial effects on fatigue, pain, disease activity and organ function. This study investigates whether adjuvant tVNS improves measures of fatigue (primary end point), AD, clinical disease activity, inflammation, pain, organ function and quality of life.

Hence, this study will contribute to the understanding of AD as a potentially important precursor of fatigue, disease activity, progression and complications in SLE, and how tVNS mechanistically may attenuate this. As adjuvant tVNS use may reduce the need for traditional immunosuppressive therapy, this trial may prompt a shift in the treatment of SLE and potentially other autoimmune disorders.

Methods and analysis

Eighty-four patients with SLE with fatigue and AD will be randomised 1:1 to active or sham tVNS in this double-blinded parallel-group study. In period 1 (1 week), participants will receive a 4 min tVNS 4 times daily and report on fatigue daily. After a 2-week pause, period 2 (8 weeks) will entail tVNS twice daily and participants will report on fatigue, pain and disease activity weekly. Secondary end points will be assessed before and after each period and after 1 week in period 2.

Ethics and dissemination

The study is approved by the Danish Medical Research Ethical Committees (case no: 2120231) and results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT05315739.
Trends in dental visits during the state of emergency for COVID-19 in Japan: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Takeda Asuka , Tomio Jun , Fukuda Hideki , Ando Yuichi , Yokoyama Tetsuji
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To determine national medium-term trends in dental visits during three COVID-19 emergency declaration periods in Japan and to analyse how these trends varied according to prefectural emergency measures and COVID-19 incidence.

Design and setting

A retrospective observational study of Japan’s dental claims from January 2017 to December 2021.

Data sources

Data from a monthly report by the Health Insurance Claims Review and Reimbursement Services (HICRRS) in Japan. HICRRS handles the claims of employer-based health insurance.

Data analysis

We determined the number of monthly dental claims nationwide from January 2017 to December 2021 and the percentage change in the number of monthly dental claims based on the difference in the COVID-19 alert level between the three emergency declaration periods in 2020–2021 and the corresponding periods in 2019. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression model, graphical figures, and narrative synthesis.

Outcome measures

The main outcome was the change in the number of dental visits between the emergency declaration periods in 2020–2021 and the corresponding periods in 2019. We also assessed the difference in the number of dental visits based on the COVID-19 alert level.

Results

The data set included a total of 736 946 088 dental claims. Until the end of 2021, the greatest decrease in monthly dental claims was in April 2020, which was 22.3% lower than that in April 2019. As indicated by the coefficient in the regression model, the percentage change in monthly dental claims decreased by 5.01% (95% CI −8.27 to –1.74) depending on the difference between the prefectures designated as being under special precautions and other prefectures.

Conclusions

The decrease in dental visits was greater during the first state of emergency, ie, April–May 2020, and in prefectures designated as being under special precautions. Further efforts to promote appropriate dental visits at different alert levels are necessary.
Cohort profile: life with neurofibromatosis 1 – the Danish NF1 cohort
Authors: Doser Karoline , Hove Hanne , Østergaard John R , Bidstrup Pernille E , Dalton Susanne O , Handrup Mette Møller , Ejerskov Cecilie , Krøyer Anja , Doherty Mia Aagaard , Møllegaard Jepsen Jens Richardt , Mulvihill John J , Winther Jeanette F , Kenborg Line
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The Danish neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) cohort was initiated to study health-related, socioeconomic and psychological consequences of living with the monogenetic disorder NF1 using a nationwide and population-based approach.

Participants

The cohort includes all 2467 individuals in Denmark who were hospitalised with or due to NF1 from 1977 to 2013 or registered in the RAREDIS Database (1995–2013), a national clinical database for rare diseases, or both. A comparison cohort matched to individuals with NF1 on sex and date of birth was identified in the Civil Registration System (n=20 132).

Findings to date

All cohort members were linked to the unique Danish registries to obtain information on hospital contacts, birth outcomes, education and partnership. A questionnaire was completed by 244 of the 629 adult cohort members with NF1 registered in the RAREDIS Database to evaluate the psychosocial and emotional burden. Further, neuropsychological tests were performed on 103 adult cohort members with NF1 and 38 adult population comparisons. To date, six studies have been published. Individuals with NF1 had an increased risk for (1) hospitalisation for disorders affecting all organ systems of the body throughout all decades of life, (2) psychiatric disorders, (3) attaining a short or medium long education and (4) not forming a life partner. Women with NF1 had an increased risk for spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. Finally, adults with NF1 had an impaired quality of life and a high need for professional support for physical, psychological and work-related problems, which was partly associated with disease severity and visibility.

Future plans

The cohort will regularly be updated with newly diagnosed patients in the RAREDIS Database as well as with outcome information in the Danish registries. New studies are in progress to assess other medical and socioeconomic dimensions of living with NF1.
Nursing contributions to virtual models of care in primary care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Vaughan Crystal , Lukewich Julia , Mathews Maria , Hedden Lindsay , Poitras Marie-Eve , Asghari Shabnam , Swab Michelle , Ryan Dana
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual care has gained increased attention, particularly in primary care for the ongoing delivery of routine services. Nurses have had an increased presence in virtual care and have contributed meaningfully to the delivery of team-based care in primary care; however, their exact contributions in virtual models of primary care remain unclear. The Nursing Role Effectiveness Model, applied in a virtual care and primary care context, outlines the association between structural variables, nursing roles and patient outcomes. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and synthesise the international literature surrounding nurse contributions to virtual models of primary care.

Methods and analysis

The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology will guide this review. We performed preliminary searches in April 2022 and will use CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase and APA PsycInfo for the collection of sources for this review. We will also consider grey literature, such as dissertations/theses and organisational reports, for inclusion. Studies will include nurses across all designations (ie, nurse practitioners, registered nurses, practical nurses). To ensure studies capture roles, nurses should be actively involved in healthcare delivery. Sources require a virtual care and primary care context; studies involving the use of digital technology without patient–provider interaction will be excluded. Following a pilot test, trained reviewers will independently screen titles/abstracts for inclusion and extract relevant data. Data will be organised using the Nursing Role Effectiveness Model, outlining the virtual care and primary care context (structure component) and the nursing role concept (process component).

Ethics and dissemination

This review will involve the collection and analysis of secondary sources that have been published and/or are publicly available. Therefore, ethics approval is not required. Scoping review findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences, targeting international primary care stakeholders.
External validation of the ProVent score for prognostication of 1-year mortality of critically ill patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation: a single-centre, retrospective observational study in Austria
Authors: Dibiasi Christoph , Kimberger Oliver , Bologheanu Razvan , Staudinger Thomas , Heinz Gottfried , Zauner Christian , Sengölge Gürkan , Schaden Eva
Published: September 2022

Objectives

In critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation for at least 21 days, 1-year mortality can be estimated using the ProVent score, calculated from four variables (age, platelet count, vasopressor use and renal replacement therapy). We aimed to externally validate discrimination and calibration of the ProVent score and, if necessary, to update its underlying regression model.

Design

Retrospective, observational, single-centre study.

Setting

11 intensive care units at one tertiary academic hospital.

Patients

780 critically ill adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 21 days.

Primary outcome measure

1-year mortality after intensive care unit discharge.

Results

380 patients (49%) had died after 1 year. One-year mortality for ProVent scores from 0 to 5 were: 15%, 27%, 57%, 66%, 72% and 76%. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the ProVent probability model was 0.76 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.79), calibration intercept was −0.43 (95% CI −0.59 to −0.27) and calibration slope was 0.76 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.89). Model recalibration and extension by inclusion of three additional predictors (total bilirubin concentration, enteral nutrition and surgical status) improved model discrimination and calibration. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the original ProVent model had negative net benefit, which was avoided with the extended ProVent model.

Conclusions

The ProVent probability model had adequate discrimination but was miscalibrated in our patient cohort and, as such, could potentially be harmful. Use of the extended ProVent score developed by us could possibly alleviate this concern.
New dual dye for vitreoretinal surgery with increased transparency
Authors: Mohr Andreas , Cendoya Paula , Wilinska Joanna , Apostu Maria , Apostu Elena , Janku Jori , Wilfling Tom , Ramos Gabriela , Al-Joumhawy Mahmoud , Gabel Detlef
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To develop a new dye formulation for vitreoretinal surgery, which shows increased transparency for better intraoperative handling with better parameters important for use.

Methods and analysis

A new blue dye, DDG, was synthesised and tested for toxicity and staining. Diglycerol as new density-increasing additive was identified, and its toxicity and lack of influence of the staining with trypan blue (TB) on a collagen membrane as model for the epiretinal membrane was determined. Transparency of the dye solution was evaluated.

Results

DDG is as alternative to Brilliant Blue G (BBG), with good staining properties for interna limitans models, and a good safety profile. Diglycerol is a new non-toxic additive replacing PEG3350, with reduced viscosity and no reduction in staining, allowing the reduction of TB to achieve the same staining level of the collagen membrane by 40%, with greater transparency of the dye solution and reduced viscosity. Both factors should facilitate a safe removal during surgery.

Conclusion

A new dye preparation with improved performance in comparison to marketed combinations of BBG and TB was developed. Its reduced TB concentration and viscosity with maintained density allow better tolerance and handling.
Investigation of simultaneous variation of surface diffuseness and central depression in the estimation of absorption effects
Authors: Goyal Monika , Kumar Rajiv , Singh Pradeep , Seth Raj Kumar , Kharab Rajesh
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we investigate the effect of simultaneous variation of surface diffuseness and central depression, in case of model-dependent Fermi matter density distributions, on the estimation of survival probability, Coulomb excitation cross-section and absorption effects for [Formula: see text] Au system. Further, the role of model-dependent Fermi matter density distribution and model independent [Formula: see text] matter density distribution has also been investigated in the estimation of the above-mentioned quantities. The simultaneous variation of the parameters of the model-dependent density distribution and choice of the density distribution are found to be affecting all the above-mentioned quantities significantly and hence plays a crucial role in the analysis of the Coulomb excitation experiments also.
An Incremental Contact Model for Rough Surfaces of Strain-Hardening Solids
Authors: Ding Yue , Liang Xuanming , Wang Gangfeng
Published: September 2022

The load–area relation of rough surfaces is of great interest in tribology. For elastic–plastic solids with strain hardening, an incremental model is adopted to analyze the contact of rough surfaces, in which the contact is modeled by accumulation of equivalent circular contacts with varying radius. For three typical rough surfaces with various material properties, comparisons with direct finite element calculations demonstrate the efficiency of this incremental contact model. An approximate linear relation between load and contact area is predicted by both methods up to a contact fraction of 15%. The influence of yield stress and strain-hardening exponent on the load-area proportionality is presented. This work gives a simple while effective method to calculate the load-area relation for rough contact of strain-hardening materials.
The Mechanism of Flow Patterns and Rivulet Instability in Gravity-Driven Film Flow on a Porous Wall with Uniform Heating
Authors: Ma Chicheng , Wang Gang , Yu Chengjiao , Li Zirui
Published: September 2022

Properties of porous mediums have significant impacts on the spreading pattern of falling-film along a vertical heated wall. In this paper, we investigate the combined effect of porosity and uniform heating on the flow instability of a falling liquid film. Based on the film thickness equation derived by the long wave theory, linear stability analysis and numerical simulations are given to verify the influences of various dimensionless parameters, and the physical mechanism for the flow instability is explained. With the uniform heating, it is shown that the increasing Marangoni number and Biot number both enhance the rivulet instability because the Marangoni force becomes larger with bigger values of the two numbers. For porous properties, the existence of Darcy number causes the contact line to move faster and results in a destabilizing effect, while a bigger Beavers–Joseph coefficient causes the contact line to move slower and plays a stabilizing role. Increment of porous thickness and the thermal conductivity ratio slightly enhances or impedes the flow instability, respectively, and neither of the two parameters influences the moving speed of the contact lines.
AR4CAD
Authors: Müller Tobias , Colley Mark , Dogru Gülsemin , Rukzio Enrico
Published: September 2022

Infrastructure-mounted sensors that monitor roads can provide essential information for manual drivers and automated vehicles, e.g., positions of other vehicles occluded by buildings. However, human drivers and passengers have to trust and accept their use. This raises the question of how trust can be increased in such a scenario. One important factor for this is understanding the available information, including its quality and, for passengers of automated vehicles, the actions planned based on it. For this, augmented reality is a promising visualization technology because it can present the relevant information integrated into the physical world. Thus, this work develops a taxonomy of augmented reality visualizations for connected automated and manual driving. It is intended to classify and compare existing visualizations, identify novel visualizations, and provide a common language for discussions. The use case infrastructure-supported automated driving is explored by suggesting augmented reality visualizations to inform passengers of automated vehicles and are intended to increase trust. They present information available from infrastructure and onboard sensors as well as the driving decisions based on it. Finally, we evaluated the visualizations' influence on trust in an automated vehicle by conducting a driving simulator study (N=18). Results indicate a high dependency of trust on presenting driving decisions and information on road users but less on location-specific information.
Corridor-Walker: Mobile Indoor Walking Assistance for Blind People to Avoid Obstacles and Recognize Intersections
Authors: Kuribayashi Masaki , Kayukawa Seita , Vongkulbhisal Jayakorn , Asakawa Chieko , Sato Daisuke , Takagi Hironobu , Morishima Shigeo
Published: September 2022

Navigating in an indoor corridor can be challenging for blind people as they have to be aware of obstacles while also having to recognize the intersections that lead to the destination. To aid blind people in such tasks, we propose Corridor-Walker, a smartphone-based system that assists blind people to avoid obstacles and recognize intersections. The system uses a LiDAR sensor equipped with a smartphone to construct a 2D occupancy grid map of the surrounding environment. Then, the system generates an obstacle-avoiding path and detects upcoming intersections on the grid map. Finally, the system navigates the user to trace the generated path and notifies the user of each intersection's existence and the shape using vibration and audio feedback. A user study with 14 blind participants revealed that Corridor-Walker allowed participants to avoid obstacles, rely less on the wall to walk straight, and enable them to recognize intersections.
Designing Mobile MR Workspaces
Authors: Li Jingyi , Woik Luca , Butz Andreas
Published: September 2022

Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly used in everyday contexts for a variety of tasks. We particularly look at the confined space for passengers inside cars, where head-mounted displays (HMDs) could complement the prevalent use of mobile devices for work. In a field study (N=19), we tested three mobile workspace setups along the reality-virtuality continuum (Mounted Tablet, Augmented Focus Bubble, and Virtual Office) and let users re-position the virtual keyboard and display while typing on a physical keyboard in a parked car. The results revealed that using HMDs lowered users' awareness of their real surroundings but increased their perceived workload with a performance impairment of text entry rate compared to just using a tablet. Letting users customize their workspace layout improved their perceived performance and decreased pitch-axis head movements for switching between the virtual display and keyboard. This paper discusses challenges and strategies for future work regarding dynamic incorporation of productivity tools, adaptive mixed reality (MR) work environment designs, and optimizing upper thresholds of physical discomfort in mobile MR workspaces.
The Influence of Transparency and Control on the Willingness of Data Sharing in Adaptive Mobile Apps
Authors: Bemmann Florian , Windl Maximiliane , Erbe Jonas , Mayer Sven , Hussmann Heinrich
Published: September 2022

Today, adaptive mobile applications use mobile sensing and user tracking, allowing for adaptation to the users' context and needs. This raises several privacy concerns. Privacy dashboards provide transparency and sharing control; however, their impact on the users' behavior is unclear. To shed light on the effects of (a) transparency and (b) control features, we developed a mobile sensing privacy dashboard and evaluated it in the wild (N=227). We found that the pure presentation of raw logging data is rather deterring, and users tend to use the app less, but offering the user control over the data collection can compensate for that. Users used the control features rarely and, as such, did not affect the data collocation. Our work informs the design of future privacy-enhancing interfaces in applications relying on passively collected mobile sensing data. Moreover, our results encourage the adoption of privacy dashboards in the applications and relieve developers from concerns about the negative influences of transparency information on the quality of collected data.
Towards Implicit Interaction in Highly Automated Vehicles - A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Stampf Annika , Colley Mark , Rukzio Enrico
Published: September 2022

The inclusion of in-vehicle sensors and increased intention and state recognition capabilities enable implicit in-vehicle interaction. Starting from a systematic literature review (SLR) on implicit in-vehicle interaction, which resulted in 82 publications, we investigated state and intention recognition methods based on (1) their used modalities, (2) their underlying level of automation, and (3) their considered interaction focus. Our SLR revealed a research gap addressing implicit interaction in highly automated vehicles (HAVs). Therefore, we discussed how the requirements for implicit state and intention recognition methods and interaction based on them are changing in HAVs. With this, open questions and opportunities for further research in this area were identified.
NotiBike: Assessing Target Selection Techniques for Cyclist Notifications in Augmented Reality
Authors: Kosch Thomas , Matviienko Andrii , Müller Florian , Bersch Jessica , Katins Christopher , Schön Dominik , Mühlhäuser Max
Published: September 2022

Cyclists' attention is often compromised when interacting with notifications in traffic, hence increasing the likelihood of road accidents. To address this issue, we evaluate three notification interaction modalities and investigate their impact on the interaction performance while cycling: gaze-based Dwell Time, Gestures, and Manual And Gaze Input Cascaded (MAGIC) Pointing. In a user study (N=18), participants confirmed notifications in Augmented Reality (AR) using the three interaction modalities in a simulated biking scenario. We assessed the efficiency regarding reaction times, error rates, and perceived task load. Our results show significantly faster response times for MAGIC Pointing compared to Dwell Time and Gestures, while Dwell Time led to a significantly lower error rate compared to Gestures. Participants favored the MAGIC Pointing approach, supporting cyclists in AR selection tasks. Our research sets the boundaries for more comfortable and easier interaction with notifications and discusses implications for target selections in AR while cycling.
Troi
Authors: Dissanayake Vipula , Tang Vanessa , Elvitigala Don Samitha , Wen Elliott , Wu Michelle , Nanayakkara Suranga
Published: September 2022

Emotional Self-Awareness (ESA) plays a vital role in physical and mental well-being. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence technologies have shown promising emotion recognition results, opening new opportunities to build systems to support ESA. However, little research has been done to understand users' perspectives on artificial-intelligence-based emotion recognition systems. We introduce Troi, an automatic emotion recognition mobile app using wearable signals. With Troi, we ran a multi-day user study with 12 users to understand user preference parameters, such as perceived accuracy, confidence, preferred emotion representations, effect of self-awareness of emotions, and real-time use cases. Further, we extend our study to evaluate the machine learning model in-the-wild to understand behaviours in-the-wild. We found that users perceived accuracy of the emotion recognition model is higher than the actual model prediction accuracy; there was no strong preference for one specific emotion representation, and users' self-awareness of emotions improved over time.
Prognostic Modeling of Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Hypoxia and Ferroptosis-Related Genes
Authors: Liu Chang , Ruan Yan-Qin , Qu Lai-Hao , Li Zhen-Hua , Xie Chao , Pan Ya-Qiang , Li Hao-Fei , Li Ding-Biao
Published: September 2022

Background. It is well known that hypoxia and ferroptosis are intimately connected with tumor development. The purpose of this investigation was to identify whether they have a prognostic signature. To this end, genes related to hypoxia and ferroptosis scores were investigated using bioinformatics analysis to stratify the risk of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods. Hypoxia and ferroptosis scores were estimated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database-derived cohort transcriptome profiles via the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. The candidate genes associated with hypoxia and ferroptosis scores were identified using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis. The prognostic genes in this study were discovered using the Cox regression (CR) model in conjunction with the LASSO method, which was then utilized to create a prognostic signature. The efficacy, accuracy, and clinical value of the prognostic model were evaluated using an independent validation cohort, Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve, and nomogram. The analysis of function and immune cell infiltration was also carried out. Results. Here, we appraised 152 candidate genes expressed not the same, which were related to hypoxia and ferroptosis for prognostic modeling in The Cancer Genome Atlas Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD) cohort, and these genes were further validated in the GSE31210 cohort. We found that the 14-gene-based prognostic model, utilizing MAPK4, TNS4, WFDC2, FSTL3, ITGA2, KLK11, PHLDB2, VGLL3, SNX30, KCNQ3, SMAD9, ANGPTL4, LAMA3, and STK32A, performed well in predicting the prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. ROC and nomogram analyses showed that risk scores based on prognostic signatures provided desirable predictive accuracy and clinical utility. Moreover, gene set variance analysis showed differential enrichment of 33 hallmark gene sets between different risk groups. Additionally, our results indicated that a higher risk score will lead to more fibroblasts and activated CD4 T  cells but fewer myeloid dendritic cells, endothelial cells, eosinophils, immature dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Conclusion. Our research found a 14-gene signature and established a nomogram that accurately predicted the prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Clinical decision-making and therapeutic customization may benefit from these results, which may serve as a valuable reference in the future.
Combined Evaluation of mRNA and Protein Expression, Promoter Methylation, and Immune Infiltration of UBE2I in Pan-Digestive System Tumors
Authors: Huang Shuai , Wang Xiangkun , Luo Kai , Zhang Xudong , Liu Zhongyuan , Li Renfeng
Published: September 2022

Background. Digestive system tumors (DSTs) have high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study explored the potential value of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 I (UBE2I) in pan-digestive system tumors (pan-DSTs). Methods. Differential expression, tumor stages, and survival outcomes of UBE2I in pan-DSTs were determined using the GEPIA database. The TIMER database was used to confirm the correlation of UBE2I expression with pan-DSTs and immune infiltrates. Differential analyses of UBE2I promoter methylation and protein levels were performed using the UALCAN database. The underlying mechanisms of UBE2I involvement in pan-DSTs were visualized using interaction networks. The diagnostic value of UBE2I in pan-DSTs was identified using the Oncomine database. Results. UBE2I was differentially and highly expressed in cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), rectal adenocarcinoma (READ), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). According to survival analysis, upregulated UBE2I was associated with adverse overall and disease-free survival in PAAD and favorable overall survival in READ. UBE2I expression was partially linked to the purity of immune infiltration in COAD, LIHC, PAAD, READ, and STAD, as indicated by the immune infiltration analysis. Promoter methylation analysis showed differential and high methylation of UBE2I in PAAD as well as stratified analysis by gender, nodal metastasis, and race. Protein expression analysis in colon cancer revealed that UBE2I had differential and high expression in tumors as well as stratified analysis by gender, tumor histology, race, and tumor stage. Mechanism explorations demonstrated that in COAD and PAAD, UBE2I was involved in spliceosomal snRNP complex, Notch signaling pathway, etc. Diagnostic analysis indicated that UBE2I had consistent diagnostic value for COAD and PAAD. Conclusions. Upregulated UBE2I may be a diagnostic and surveillance predictive signature for PAAD and COAD. The potential significance of immune infiltrates and promoter methylation in PAAD and COAD needs further exploration.