bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHING STAFF IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: LUNIACHEK Vadym , IGNATENKO Lina
Published: July 2020

The article presents a comparative study of the processes of professional development of faculty of foreign universities in the context of globalization challenges. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the processes of globalization of higher education have put on the agenda the issue of improving the quality of educational services. An important component of this process is professional development of research and teaching staff, who, to a large extent, are the guarantors of quality higher education in any country.
The paper offers an analysis of information from electronic sources, in particular, websites of the world's leading universities which allows to make conclusions on further modernization of the system of professional development of research and teaching staff in Ukraine.
THE PECULIARITIES OF EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ORGANIZATION WITH REGARD TO THE INTERACTION OF SOCIAL INSTITUTESОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: ROZLUTSKA Galyna , SOKOL Maryana
Published: July 2020

The article is concerned with the problem of primary education educational space organization, identification of opportunities to use the potential of different social institutions with the aim to improve the quality of education. Organizational characteristics of the primary education environment are uncertain, integrative, decentralized, culturally appropriate, and creative. Based on the study and analysis of the works of Ukrainian scientists, it is ascertained that the educational environment determines the sociocultural development of the individual, the level of education and education. It is noted that the traditional Ukrainian elementary school is the interaction with the family and the church.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF TRAINING FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGES TEACHERS FOR THE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING: THEORETICAL ASPECT
Authors: BEI Iryna
Published: July 2020

The article deals with theoretical aspects of constructing the model of training future foreign languages teachers for project activity in comprehensive educational institutions. It highlights scientific approaches to creating this model, which are: systematic, personal, active, competency-based, contextual, interdisciplinary and reflexive.
The structural and functional model is presented in unity and cooperation of such substantial blocks as: purposeful, theoretical and methodological, organizational and methodical, diagnostic and resulting. The criteria of future teachers’ readiness for the project-based learning have been singled out. They are: motivational and valuable, cognitive and informative, operational and active, reflective and evaluative.
TEACHER PREPARATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL LITERACY SKILLS OF NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: BUDNYK Olena
Published: July 2020

The article highlights the relevance of the problem of teacher preparation for the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the educational process in the context of implementation of the New Ukrainian School reform. The importance of digital technologies in the organization of distance learning in educational institutions in quarantine conditions is substantiated. The need for introducing open access repositories with educational and scientific content is emphasized, which will allow alternative ways of gaining knowledge despite time or space constraints. The advantages and disadvantages of using ICT in the process of teaching children with special educational needs are highlighted. The features of creating an effective computer-integrated educational environment for an educational institution are identified. The results of the empirical study on identifying the attitudes of future teachers to the problems of digital literacy development in the following directions are presented: information, data and media literacy; digital communication and collaboration; responsible use and doing tasks with the help of ICT. The results of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University students ranking positions important for digital literacy of teachers are also presented, such as: digital society; e-governance; e-education; distance learning; security in a digital society.
FACTORS OF PREPARATION OF FUTURE SOCIAL WORKERS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY IN THE FAMILY AS THE MAIN AGENT OF SOCIALIZATION OF ORPHAN CHILDREN AND CHILDREN DEPRIVED OF PARENTAL CARE
Authors: HALAN Oksana
Published: July 2020

In the context of reforming institutions for orphans and children deprived of parental care in Ukraine, there was a need to rethink the features of preparing future social workers for professional activity in Higher Education Establishments. Special attention is paid to the willingness of workers to socialize with children in families (biological or acquired) . We have analyzed the main factors that will contribute to successful preparation of social workers for the work with the family that ensures the successful “entry” of orphans and children deprived of parental care in society. Based on theoretical analysis and practical work, we have shown that the use of the latest technologies will facilitate the professional activity.
MONITORING OF FORMATION OF THE CULTURE OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF FUTURE MANAGERS
Authors: HONCHAR Liubov
Published: July 2020

The article defines the concept of «culture of professional activity of the future manager». In order to find out the level of professional culture formation, future managers have been monitored for this integrated education. Indicators of professional activity culture are highlighted. The efficiency and importance of using these indicators in the process of forming the professional culture of future managers are highlighted.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE MEDICAL WORKERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Authors: DUBKOVETSKA Iryna
Published: July 2020

In the article the author analyzes the theoretical bases of formation of professional competence of future medical professionals, highlights the work of scientists concerning the different aspects of the problem. It is stated that the professional training of future medical professionals at the current stage of development should be based on humanistic theory and the desire of the person for self-education, self-improvement and self-realization. The author focuses on the necessity for a systematic approach concerning the professional training of future physicians, a conceptual understanding of the main tasks of professional development of the person and their implementation throughout life. The peculiarities of professional training of future medical workers are revealed, the main directions of making changes and adjustments concerning the education in higher educational institutions are highlighted. The focus is on the competency-based approach in the educational process, the analysis of the positive results of the professional training as a result of its implementation in the institutions of higher medical education (IHME). The essence of the concepts “competence”, “professional competence”, “professionalism”, “basic qualities” are clarified; its structural components and features are identified; stages concerning the formation in the process of professional training. The main attention is focused on professionalism as a reflection of professional competence, a holistic integrative characteristic of the subject of professional activity, which is manifested in perfect implementation and consistently high results of medical practice, ability to professional self-organization, self-actualization, professional self-development. It is emphasized that the main condition for the development of the personality of the future health care worker at the present stage is the re-orientation of the educational process of IHME from the narrow-subject nature of the study of educational disciplines onto the development of professionally-oriented, critical thinking; development of the creative potential of the person.
PREPARING OF FUTURE EDUCATORS TO THE FORMATION OF A POSITIVE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS AND SKILLS FOR COMMUNICATION BY PRESCHOOLERS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
Authors: ZDANEVYCH Larysa , TSEHELNYK Tetianа
Published: July 2020

The article has presented the theoretical substantiation of the problem of preparing future educators to the formation of positive interpersonal relationships and communication skills of preschoolers with special educational needs.  The authors have presented their own understanding of readiness to professional activity in the conditions of inclusion, its main components and defined the components of professional competence of future educators to work in inclusive education.  It has been stated that due to this the actual competences of pedagogical activity in the conditions of inclusion have been formed in order to form positive interpersonal relations and communication skills of children with special educational needs.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE MEDICAL SPECIALISTS: SPIRITUAL-MORAL ASPECT
Authors: POBIGUN Nadiia
Published: July 2020

The article emphasizes the tasks of the modern medical area in Ukraine, analyzes the difficulties and problems in the field of professional training of healthcare professionals. The author reveals the main components of the professional competence of the modern medical worker, emphasizes the necessity of his/her general, cultural, professional development and self-improvement. It is proved that further destiny of the patient, his/her health, and the ability to carry out the professional activity depends on the general and professional culture of the medical worker, his/her personal traits and qualities, principles, world outlook, moral values. The peculiarities and specificity of the personal development of future health care workers at the stage of their professional training and formation during higher medical education are revealed. It is noted that moral norms, qualities, motives are the core in all spheres of personal activity. It is determined that in the medical area the duty, honor, conscience, which demonstrate a specialist’s self-dignity, his/her responsibility for professional actions and conformity to the vocation, recognition of the chosen profession as the meaning of his/her life are prevailing. The author distinguishes the components of morality, which should be cultivated in future medical professionals, and pays special attention to the development of spiritual-moral culture of specialists, characterizing the level and quality of professional activity of the medical worker. The article highlights the subjective and objective, internal and external factors influencing the formation of spirituality and moral virtues in future medical professionals; the content of the professional culture of the medical worker is analyzed, its functional-contextual characteristics are distinguished, the main components, including the praxeological and spiritual ones, are determined. It is established that in the process of professional training it is necessary to increase the interest of students in the chosen profession, focusing future professionals of the medical area in social, moral, professional values, raising responsibility before people for the fulfillment of professional duties.
TENDENCIES OF METHODICAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS: LANGUAGE AND LITERARY EDUCATIONAL BRANCH
Authors: FENTSУK Oksana
Published: July 2020

The research has been aimed at identifying the theoretical bases of improvement of quality of methodical preparation of future primary school teachers to conduct lessons of language and literature educational branch in the conditions of educational environment of the New Ukrainian School.
On the basis of a thorough analysis of scientific positions, the author has presented the definition of "vocational training of primary school teachers". It has been determined that an important component of the professional training is the methodical preparation of primary school teachers in higher educational institutions for teaching various educational fields of elementary school (linguistic, literary, mathematical, natural, etc.). It has been found that the result of professional and methodological training is formed professional and methodological competence. The author of the article has considered the sense of the conceptions of professional and methodical competence.
Attention has been paid at the peculiarities of methodological training in the field of language and literary education. The results of the monitoring of the vocational and methodological readiness of the students of the fourth year of Mukachevo State University to conduct a personally oriented lesson of the Ukrainian language in the conditions of the innovative educational environment of New Ukrainian School have been presented. We have substantiated the need to improve the process of methodological training (language and literary educational field) of future primary school teachers during the study at higher educational establishment. Critical reflection on the views of scientists, analysis of the content of educational and professional training program 013 Primary education, generalization of survey methods have allowed the author to determine the purpose and to consider the tendencies of improving the methodological training of future primary school teachers to conduct lessons of language and literary educational field in the conditions of educational environment og the New Ukrainian School.
CONTENT AND QUALITY OF BASIC EDUCATION AS AN ESSENTIAL FACTOR IN THE QUALITY OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN A MODERN TECHNICAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: KHOKHLOVA Tatyana , STUPAK Yurii , SAVCHENKO Herman
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes the most significant factors that affect the formation of professional competencies of university graduates of engineering specialties and employers' assessment of the quality of training of specialists in higher education institutions. We have analyzed the general trends and main reasons for increasing the duration of school education in Ukraine and Europe. The article analyzes the relationship between the difficulties that arise for students of certain specialties in the study of disciplines of the natural and mathematical cycle, a number of special university disciplines and the volume of study of the corresponding disciplines at school. We have noted the relevance of the STEM-oriented approach to education as a modern direction of modernization and innovative development of natural and mathematical and humanitarian education profiles. We have underlined the importance of professional integration of young professionals in industry and the prospects for the introduction of a dual form of education. Based on the analysis of employers' feedback on the quality of training of specialists with higher education, we have illustrated the need for constant feedback in order to adjust the content of university education. Using the results of a questionnaire (survey) of employers (enterprises of the metallurgical industry of Nikopol and region), we have proposed specific measures to implement the principle of unity and continuity of school, higher education and professional activities of graduates with the use of practical experience of educational activities of the Institute of Integrated Education and the College of the NMetAU. Based on positive practical results, we have shown the prospects of the proposed measures aimed at improving the quality of training of engineering specialists in a modern technical institution of higher education.
SOME GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUTURE PHILOLOGISTS’ PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AT UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: IKONNIKOVA Maryna
Published: July 2020

The paper analyzes professional training of future philologists in higher education institutions in Ukraine. It determines and justifies the content of future philologists’ professional training on the example of the degree programme on Germanic Languages and Literature (including Translation), taking into account the new regulatory requirements. It describes the most effective forms, methods and technologies of organizing educational activities of future philologists. It clarifies the components of professional competency of future specialists in Germanic philology. It specifies the procedures and measures for assuring the internal quality of philological education at higher education institutions. Some general characteristics of future philologists’ professional training in higher education institutions in Ukraine, justified in the paper, have proved the need to update the content of such training and introduce effective organizational forms and methods of teaching and learning, which will promote the subject-subject interaction in the educational process, as well as contribute to personality development and assure the quality of education.
FRANKO’S CONCEPT OF THE ROLE AND PLACE OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN PERSONAL DETERMINATION: THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES
Authors: MATKOVSKYI Mykhailo
Published: July 2020

Ivan Franko's views on the role of social institutions in the process of youth formation are explored. The necessity of finding new strategies and improvement of the existing ones in support of the processes of socialization, adaptation and self-realization of young people in the society, as well as the importance of involving in these processes the experience of prominent thinkers of the past, in particular Ivan Franko are substantiated. The importance of reforming the social institutions of society as the main outposts of the formation of educational space is proved. The urgency of introducing Ivan Franko's pedagogical ideas into the process of education, upbringing and personal development is argued.
THE EDUCATIONAL BEGINNINGS OF THE PEDAGOGICAL ELITE IN THE CONDITIONS OF EMIGRATION CAMPS (20-ies of the XX century)
Authors: CHUMAK Mykola
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes the problem of development of education in the conditions of emigration. It is emphasized that the overwhelming significance of the development of education with the total efforts of Ukrainian emigrants was actualized to a greater extent by its own policy-centred primary cause.
It is noted that the regional entrenchment of Soviet power and the suppression of the Ukrainian revolution hurt the socio-cultural development of the country, simultaneously affecting: the unfinished construction of a national school; interrupted Ukrainization; intensified the politicized ideologization at all levels of a graduate education system. In the conditions of military and political instability, the arrangement of the domestic-emigrant life of Ukrainians took place under the conditions of the camp system. Certainly, this system was rather depressing for the newly arrived Ukrainian, but, through the efforts of educational initiatives of the conscious intelligentsia, it was possible to somewhat mitigate the "sharply continental" climate of the host party. 
It is argued that the development of education in emigration conditions took place taking into account the interests of different-year-old pupils. Taking into account the fact that the number of young people without higher education in the conditions of emigration was quite significant (in particular, in Czechoslovakia, the percentage of potential applicants exceeded 95%), energetic representatives of the pro-Ukrainian faculty took on their shoulders the burden of developing the education of various educational-qualification levels. It should be noted that such an approach to the case was sufficiently justified, since Ukrainian youth in foreign conditions needed qualified support to "open" new horizons for their further employment. In a difficult and fast-moving time, the domestic faculty did not have the time to reflect on the variability of the content development of academic disciplines, since the formation of lecture notes on Ukrainian-centeredness required a fairly flexible operational level.
It was emphasized that general education activities in the camps (in particular, preparation in the form of courses - preparatory and general literacy) were not spontaneous, but reminiscent of a highly organized and highly productive educational process. Such generalization was made due to the content diversity of the working curriculum, which provided for the teaching of disciplines in the humanities, natural sciences, physics and mathematics
THE USE OF PERCEPTION MAPS IN THE ANALYSIS OF POSITIONING STRATEGIES OF LEADING UNIVERSITIES IN WESTERN EUROPE IN THE INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION SPACE
Authors: SHCHERBAK Iryna
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes the effectiveness of using perception maps based on scientific research. The use of perception maps in the analysis of positioning strategies of leading universities in Western Europe in the international information space, in particular, with the example of leading universities in Belgium (Leuven Catholic University, Ghent University, Louvain Catholic University, Brussels University (ULB), Free University of Brussels (VUB)). An algorithm has been developed for conducting a comparative pedagogical analysis of positioning strategies of leading universities in Europe in the international information space.
PERSONALITY-ORIENTED TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS: CULTURAL ASPECT
Authors: YAKUBOVSKA Maria , MIKHAILISHIN Romana
Published: July 2020

The article raises the issue of innovative personality-oriented technologies in the formation of the student's personality. According to the conceptual principles of Acad. I. Beсha, scientific and theoretical principles of personality-oriented technologies of culturological nature are based on the creation of emotionally enriched educational situations, personal developmental communication, the use of empathy and systematic analysis of actions. On the example of the analysis of scientific and artistic achievements of acad. V. Ryabchuk investigates the culturological aspect of the process of self-awareness and self-education of the individual and its role in establishing high-quality innovative processes of pedagogical interaction in the system of forming the foundations of ecological safety of our society. The article outlines the algorithm of system processes of formation of culturological thinking of the present, formation of culturological competence, system evolutionary comprehension of the discourse of modern education and provision of variable technologies of culturological education of students; the tendencies of personal-humanitarian technology of teaching culturological disciplines in institutions of higher education are partially analyzed.
LEARNING ENGLISH TROUGH MUSIK IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Authors: KACHMAR Oleksandra , KRYTSAK Oksana
Published: July 2020

This article aims to highlight the impact of music in teaching English as a second language. It discusses different approaches and techniques which can assist English language students to improve their learning skills by using technology. Special attention is paid to audio-lingual method and in particular to the role of songs in learning English. Music offers special benefits for those learning a new language. Listening to songs and singing is a natural and enjoyable way to practice new sounds, words, and phrases. In fact, learning a song or musical instrument is analogous in many ways to learning a language. Modern technology helps to provide students with music lessons. During these lessons instead of focusing on one single task for the entire study session, it is possible to mix things up: do listening, learn new vocabulary, then study grammar, read and write a short story on the same topic. The variety will keep the students engaged and make studying more fun. The authors suggest different types of activity to make lessons more effective. The  extensive memorization, repetition and over-learning of patterns are the key to the method’s success.
Extensive Recombination Suppression and Epistatic Selection Causes Chromosome-Wide Differentiation of a Selfish Sex Chromosome inDrosophila pseudoobscura
Authors: Fuller Zachary L , Koury Spencer A , Leonard Christopher J , Young Randee E , Ikegami Kobe , Westlake Jonathan , Richards Stephen , Schaeffer Stephen W , Phadnis Nitin
Published: July 2020

The Drosophila pseudoobscura Sex-Ratio (SR) chromosome was one of the first-discovered segregation distorter chromosomes. Despite being a historically significant and well-studied segregation distortion system, the mechanisms allowing for the long-term....
Las mujeres anarcoespiritistas decimonónicas y su influencia en la Revolución mexicana
Authors: Molina Sevilla de Morelock Ela
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo se pretende contribuir a la visibilización histórica que les corresponde a algunas de las mujeres intelectuales que participaron activamente con su pensamiento y su pluma en la construcción del México moderno, aportando desde el ámbito filosófico e ideológico en el desarrollo de la Revolución. En el trabajo se atiende principalmente la participación de Juana Belén Gutiérrez de Mendoza y Dolores Jiménez y Muro, debido a su abierta afiliación a la corriente del anarcoespiritismo en México
Lucia Jerez en Costa Rica
Authors: Rodriguez Padro Pablo
Published: July 2020

Reseña de la Novela de José Martí
Crítica literaria Un texto útil, como fuente de motivación y enseñanza
Authors: Alfonso Hernández Viviana Cristina
Published: July 2020

Reseña del libro:  Crítica literaria. Un texto útil, como fuente de motivación y enseñanza
El arte desde América Latina. La danza contemporánea y el recurso del cuerpo como discurso. Las nuevas escrituras escénicas
Authors: Ontiveros-Ontiveros Iván
Published: July 2020

El cuerpo es una herramienta parael artista como lo es la espátula parael escultor o serrucho para el carpintero.Aunque esta afirmación es muysimple, la verdad es que en la prácticahay una brecha amplia entre el arte yel oficio. Y dentro de esta brecha esdonde me interesa colocar el cuerpocomo una herramienta dediscurso para el lenguaje de ladanza contemporánea.
El Ritmo en la Vida
Authors: Olea-Chandía Jorge
Published: July 2020

El concepto de ritmo nos conecta, en primera instancia, con la idea de musicalidad, no obstante, los valores o elementos de la ritmicidad no constituyen solo cualidades de la temporalidad y del sonido melódico, sino que también se manifiestan en otros aspectos, como el movimiento, el espacio, la naturaleza o la fisiología. Este ensayo plantea un recorrido por los significados del ritmo hasta llegar a la experiencia rítmica.
Un recorrido histórico por la danza y el conflicto en El Salvador: La danza en la prevención de la violencia.
Authors: Madrigal-Hueso Tania
Published: July 2020

En el presente ensayo propongo cómo el movimiento escénico puede ser una herramienta para la prevención de la violencia, a la vez que realizo un recorrido por la danza durante el conflicto armado en El Salvador. Propongo que aquel panorama ensombrecido por el conflicto emergieron los artistas de la danza contemporánea salvadoreña y que, ante el horror, el arte es una herramienta de memoria que sirve también para sanar tejidos sociales tan maltratados por épocas de guerra y violencia generalizada.
Danza Abend: un grupo independiente fundado por la maestra Cristina Gigirey
Authors: Dorries-Gigirey Gabriela
Published: July 2020

Los inicios y el desarrollo de Danza Abend son inseparables de la práctica y enseñanza artística de la maestra Cristina Gigirey. No es posible referirse a Abend sin hablar de Gigirey, desde sus inicios en su Uruguay natal, y de cómo llegó a Costa Rica, donde su trayectoria artística, su práctica y su enseñanza son legados que persisten a lo largo del tiempo. A continuación, se presenta un itinerario de esta agrupación artística que recoge los grandes hitos de la experimentación y la práctica en la danza costarricense y de proyección latinoamericana.
ПАМ’ЯТЬ ПРО ГОЛОКОСТ У СИМВОЛІЧНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ ДНІПРА (ДНІПРОПЕТРОВСЬКА)
Authors: Medvedovska Anna
Published: July 2020

Ця стаття має на меті продемонструвати ключові трансформації, які відбулися на місцях Голокосту в Дніпрі (колишній Дніпропетровськ) від кінця нацистської окупації до сьогодні. Досліджено, наскільки ці місця стали місцями вшанування Голокосту, та описано механізми та особливості включення такого вшанування у міський простір міста. Автор аналізує основних ініціаторів і прихильників вшанування Голокосту, щоб оцінити, наскільки ефективно представлена ​​історія винищення євреїв у міському просторі Дніпра та наскільки це відповідає його сучасному образу.

Стаття, заснована на існуючій історіографії, описує події у трьох основних місцях Голокосту в Дніпропетровську (Дніпро), де відбувалися найбільш масштабні акти винищення єврейського населення - біля Ботанічного саду (Красноповстанська Балка), єврейське кладовище (парк Писаржевського), село Верхнє (перехрестя вулиць Янгеля та Енергетича). Достатній обсяг досліджень дає досить надійні докази того, що відбувалося у вищезгаданих місцях під час нацистської окупації. Важлива особливість, яка згодом вплинула на поминання цих місць як в радянський, так і в пострадянський періоди полягало в тому, що в першому місці, тобто в Краснопівстанській балці (яр), страчені були виключно євреями, а в інших двох місцях страчували різні категорії нацистських жертв , включаючи значну кількість євреїв звісно.

У 1960-1980-х рр., у період вшанування історії Великої Вітчизняної війни, пам'ятники, встановлені для вшанування пам’яті жертв, мали лише написи, характерні для радянської влади. Ці написи не згадували про етнічне походження жертв, розчиняючи їх у евфемістичних формулюваннях, таких як "цивільні особи", "радянські громадяни" тощо. Після розпаду СРСР було знято старі табу та заборонені раніше історичні факти та розповіді, включаючи ідентичність національних груп, які претендують на своє місце в історичній свідомості, почала формуватися. У цій статті проаналізовано різні комбінації меморіальних дискурсів - радянських та єврейських / радянських та пострадянських / єврейських, радянських та українських - та те, як вони співвідносяться (взаємодіють / конфліктують / не спілкуються) у зазначених місцях.

На основі свого аналізу автор робить висновок, що єврейська громада міста була головним ініціатором і прихильником збереження пам’яті про Голокост, що призвело до високого ступеня фрагментації вшанування Голокосту в Дніпрі. Тим не менше, завдяки співпраці та несистематичній спільній діяльності єврейських організацій, а також громадських та урядових установ Дніпра, пам’ять про Голокост поступово вписується та займає все більш помітне місце в міському просторі.
Pediatric Hospitalists’ Lessons Learned From an Innovation Award to Improve Care for Children With Medical Complexity
Authors: Conkol Kimberly J. , Martinez-Strengel Angela , Coller Ryan J. , Bergman David A. , Whelan Ellen-Marie
Published: July 2020

Children with medical complexity experience frequent hospitalizations and pose a unique challenge for the pediatric hospitalist and their healthcare team. Pediatric hospitalists are ideally positioned to champion improved care coordination for CMC and to address the areas of need in clinical practice, quality improvement and research. Lessons learned from programs who were Healthcare Innovation Award recipients from Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation that were aimed at improving care for this population are presented. We focused on care coordination activities implemented during hospitalization. Through a series of meetings with the participating programs, we identified common themes across awarded programs. Programs described key aspects of care coordination during the hospital stay, beginning on admission (multidisciplinary team goal setting, family partnership and action planning), through hospitalization (integrating outpatient and inpatient care), as well as during and after discharge (linking to community-based systems and supports, expanding the transition concept). Finally, we present actionable steps for inpatient providers seeking to improve care for this patient population at the time of hospitalization.
Preventive Strategies for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Young Infants
Authors: Taveras Jeanette , Ramilo Octavio , Mejias Asuncion
Published: July 2020

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in young children, with the peak of severe disease occurring in infants younger than 6 months of age. Most infants who develop severe RSV infection are born full-term and previously healthy; however, premature infants represent an especially vulnerable population at high risk of developing serious sequelae because of RSV. Despite the high disease burden, the pathogenesis of the disease is not completely understood, treatment options are limited to supportive care, and no licensed vaccines are available.

The young age of children affected by severe disease and incomplete understanding of the disease pathogenesis, along with prior vaccine failures, have represented major obstacles to RSV vaccine development. Nevertheless, the increasingly recognized burden associated with RSV in low-middle income countries, where RSV represents the second cause of infant mortality, has made the development of preventive strategies for RSV a global health priority. Increased awareness, together with a better understanding of the viral structure and identification of new viral targets, has led to the development of newer RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to confer protection to both preterm and term infants who represent the most vulnerable population for severe RSV disease.
Outcomes of Maternal-Newborn Dyads After Maternal SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Verma Sourabh , Bradshaw Chanda , Auyeung N.S. Freda , Lumba Rishi , Farkas Jonathan S. , Sweeney Nicole B. , Wachtel Elena V. , Bailey Sean M. , Noor Asif , Kunjumon Bgee , Cicalese Erin , Hate Rahul , Lighter Jennifer L. , Alessi Samantha , Schweizer William E. , Hanna Nazeeh , Roman Ashley S. , Dreyer Benard , Mally Pradeep V.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Infection with a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. There are limited data describing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant mothers and their newborns. The objective of this study is to describe characteristics and outcomes of maternal-newborn dyads with confirmed maternal SARS-CoV-2.

METHODS:

This was a multicenter, observational, descriptive cohort study with data collection from charts of maternal-newborn dyads who delivered at 4 major New York City metropolitan area hospitals between March 1 and May 10, 2020, with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection.

RESULTS:

There were a total of 149 mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 149 newborns analyzed (3 sets of twins; 3 stillbirths). Forty percent of these mothers were asymptomatic. Approximately 15% of symptomatic mothers required some form of respiratory support, and 8% required intubation. Eighteen newborns (12%) were admitted to the ICU. Fifteen (10%) were born preterm, and 5 (3%) required mechanical ventilation. Symptomatic mothers had more premature deliveries (16% vs 3%, P = .02), and their newborns were more likely to require intensive care (19% vs 2%, P = .001) than asymptomatic mothers. One newborn tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, which was considered a case of horizontal postnatal transmission.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although there was no distinct evidence of vertical transmission from mothers with SARS-CoV-2 to their newborns, we did observe perinatal morbidities among both mothers and newborns. Symptomatic mothers were more likely to experience premature delivery and their newborns to require intensive care.
When Does A Minor’s Legal Competence To Make Health Care Decisions Matter?
Authors: Weithorn Lois A.
Published: July 2020

In this article, I examine the role of minors’ competence for medical decision-making in modern American law. The doctrine of parental consent remains the default legal and bioethical framework for health care decisions on behalf of children, complemented by a complex array of exceptions. Some of those exceptions vest decisional authority in the minors themselves. Yet, in American law, judgments of minors’ competence do not typically trigger shifts in decision-making authority from adults to minors. Rather, minors’ decisional capacity becomes relevant only after legislatures or courts determine that the default of parental discretion does not achieve important policy goals or protect implicated constitutional rights in a particular health care context and that those goals can best be achieved or rights best protected by authorizing capable minors to choose for themselves. It is at that point that psychological and neuroscientific evidence plays an important role in informing the legal inquiry as to whether minors whose health is at issue are legally competent to decide.
Protection Versus Progress: The Challenge of Research on Cannabis Use During Pregnancy
Authors: MacDuffie Katherine E. , Kleinhans Natalia M. , Stout Kaeley , Wilfond Benjamin S.
Published: July 2020

A central tension in pediatric research ethics arises from our desire to protect children from harm while also allowing progress toward discoveries that could improve child health. A prime example of this tension is research on a controversial yet increasingly common practice: the use of cannabis by women to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Studies of cannabis use in pregnancy face a combination of ethical hurdles because of the inclusion of pregnant women and involvement of a schedule I controlled substance. Given the growing need for research on the safety and efficacy of cannabis for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, we reflect on the multiple historical contexts that have contributed to the challenge of studying cannabis use during pregnancy and make a case for the ethical rationale for such research.
Food Allergies
Authors: Cosme-Blanco Wilfredo , Arroyo-Flores Erving , Ale Hanadys
Published: July 2020

Food allergy is 1 of the 4 manifestations of the “atopic march,” along with eczema, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Depending on the pathophysiologic immune mechanisms behind a food allergy, it can be classified as immunoglobulin E–mediated, non–immunoglobulin E–mediated, or mixed. The prevalence of food allergies has risen worldwide during the past few decades, becoming a significant global health concern. Patients experiencing food allergies and their caregivers are heavily burdened personally, socially, emotionally, and financially. The health-care system is also considerably affected. Pediatricians, as primary health-care providers, are often challenged with these patients, becoming the first-line for the recognition and management of food allergies. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of food allergies, including the most up-to-date information, recent guidelines, and recommendations.
Biological specifics of exogenous development of Oxyuris equi nematodes (Nematoda, Oxyuridae)
Authors: Yevstafieva V. O. , Prykhodko Y. О. , Kruchynenko O. V. , Mykhailiutenko S. M. , Kone M. S.
Published: July 2020

Helminths of the species Oxyuris equi Schrank, 1788 are pathogens of domestic and wild odd-toed ungulates. They parasitize in the large intestine of horses, causing colitis and dermatitis at the tail root area. The wide distribution and overall persistence of this species is significally promoted by the specifics of its development and reproduction. Here we studied the specifics of the exogenous development of O. equi nematodes parasitizing Equidae in respect to the factor of temperature and the morphometric changes in oxyuris eggs at different stages of embryogenesis. In laboratory culture of O. equi eggs obtained from female gonads, the embryogenesis occurs in four stages: morula, formation of bean-like embryo, formation of non-invasive larva and formation of infectious larva. The stages of development differ by the morphological parameters. It is established that the development of O. equi eggs is directly related to temperature. The optimal temperature for embryogenesis is 25 °С, at which the highest survival rate of infectious eggs, 81.3%, was observed. At 20 °С and 15 °С the survival of eggs decreased during culturing and the ratios of infectious eggs were 75.7% and 67.3%, respectively. Accordingly, 24.3% and 32.7% of eggs died during development. The temperature also affects the duration of development of O. equi eggs. At 25 °С, the development of Oxyuris eggs was the fastest and occurred in two days. With temperature falling to 20 and 15 °С, the duration of egg development slowed to three and five days, respectively. The process of embryogenesis in Oxyuris is associated with changes in metrical parameters. The length, width and area of egg surface increased. Length and width of egg plug, and shell width of mature Oxyuris eggs decreased. The obtained data on the duration and specifics of exogenous development of parasitic O. equi nematodes will allow effective control measures for horse oxyurosis to be developed.
Population systems of Eurasian water frogs (Pelophylax) in the south of Ukraine
Authors: Suriadna N. M. , Mykytynets G. I. , Pupiņš M. , Gasso V. Y.
Published: July 2020

Ecological and evolutionary consequences of population-genetic processes that occur because of natural cross-species hybridization can show mechanisms of overcoming the reproductive barrier and obtaining the species status by a hybrid taxon. This is clearly seen in the population systems of Eurasian water frogs – Pelophylax esculentus complex. The P. esculentus (E) hybrid usually discards one of the parental genomes of P. lessonae (L) or P. ridibundus (R) and reproduces semi-clonally. The genetic structure and direction of gene flows precisely depend on the type and distribution of mixed or pure population systems of water frogs. Three population systems in the south of Ukraine were identified and confirmed as RR, RE and REL. The populations of P. ridibundus are most common (76.2%). A mixed population systems of P. ridibundus and P. esculentus (20.0%) are concentrated in the floodplains of large rivers where triploids were found and the unisexual hybrids (1.0♂ : 0.1♀) were proved. Parent species populations having different ploidy of P. esculentus such as 3n and for the first time 4n were found. A mixed system of three taxa (REL) is rare (3.8%) and locally concentrated in the lower Danube and Dnieper with the smallest proportion of P. lessonae. We did not find populations of P. lessonae (LL), P. esculentus (EE, very rare system of hybrids only), and two mixed populations of parental species RL and semi-clonal LE in the south of Ukraine, but they are known for northern areas. The high number of P. ridibundus tends to decrease; the scarce P. esculentus and the extremely rare P. lessonae require special conservation measures. P. ridibundus (RR) occupies a wide range of diverse natural, permanent, temporary, coastal, continental, and artificial freshwater bodies, including synanthropic ecosystems. Mixed population systems inhabit willow and poplar forests in the floodplains of large rivers. In the south of Ukraine rare and isolated populations of the water frogs occurring outside the main range can be relict. Biotopic preferences, ratio and number of constituent taxa are crucial for an adequate assessment of biological (taxonomic) diversity and development of an appropriate strategy for the population systems’ conservation. Such characteristics as unisexuality of hybrids, their spreading patterns, specific sex structure and ploidy in different population systems of the P. esculentus complex contribute to the understanding of the hybridogenetic dynamics; produce new tendencies of becoming independent hybridogenous taxa and emergence of new evolutionary relationships.
Effect of crystalline and amorphic phenol on characteristics of peptidases and glycosidases in chironomid larvae
Authors: Kuz’mina V. V. , Chornaya E. Y. , Kulivatskaya E. A. , Zolotareva G. V. , Sheptitskiy V. A.
Published: July 2020

The effects of crystalline and amorphous phenol (0.5 mmol/L) on the characteristics of glycosidases, as well as casein-lytic and hemoglobin-lytic peptidases, which function in the whole body of chironomid larvae Chironomus sp. were studied. Crystalline phenol decreased the activity of glycosidases in comparison to the control in the temperature range 0–50 ºС, amorphous phenol – in the temperature range 0–70 ºС. The temperature optimum of glycosidases in whole body of chironomid larvae in control and experiment corresponds to 50 ºС. The activity of glycosidases in comparison to the control decreased in the pH range 5–11 (to a greater extent in the case of the lower fraction). Amorphous phenol increased the activity of casein-lytic peptidases in comparison to the control in the temperature range of 30–50 ºС, hemoglobin-lytic peptidases – in the temperature range of 0–60 ºС. The degree of the increase of enzyme activity in the temperature optimum zone of casein-lytic and hemoglobin-lytic peptidases was different: the level of enzyme activity in the experiment was higher than in the control by 2.3 and 1.8 times, respectively. The temperature optimum of the studied peptidases of chironomid larvae, regardless of the experimental conditions, corresponds to 40 °C. Crystalline phenol did not actually affect the Q10 values of glycosidases in the temperature range 0–50 °C. Amorphous phenol decreased the Q10 values at a temperature of 40–50 °C. The Q10 values of casein-lytic peptidases increased in most cases, the Q10 values of hemoglobin-lytic peptidases decreased in the presence of amorphous phenol. The process of protein hydrolysis was characterized by a break in the Arrhenius plot at 20 °C. The values of Еact in the range 0–20 °С were lower than in the zone of higher temperatures. The Еact values of the process of casein hydrolysis by peptidases of all tissues of chironomid larvae in the presence of amorphous phenol in both temperature zones increased. The Еact values of the process of hemoglobin hydrolysis by peptidases of all tissues of chironomid larvae in the presence of amorphous phenol in both temperature zones decreased. The Еact values of the process of starch hydrolysis in the presence of crystalline phenol decreased. The amorphous phenol changed the Еact values in different directions. They slightly increased in the presence of the phenol upper fraction, but they decreased in the presence of the phenol lower fraction. The data obtained indicate a significant effect of crystalline and amorphous phenol not only on activity, but also on the characteristics of peptidases and glycosidases that function in the whole body of chironomid larvae.