bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanodrug delivery system constructed with dopamine-based functional molecules for efficient targeting of tumour cells
Authors: Chen Zhifeng , Dai Jinglun , Fu Nian , Yan Zhihong , Zheng Qinfang , Liu Yi
Published: September 2024

This work used three types of molecules to construct targeted nanoparticles that can enhance the anti-tumor effect of Cur through active and passive targeting used three moleculars to construct targeted nano.
Fabrication of poly (quinine-co-itaconic acid) incorporated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite and its application for electrochemical sensing and photocatalysis of hydroquinone
Authors: Qazi Sehrish , Shaikh Huma , Solangi Amber R. , Khand Nadir Hussain , Mallah Shahbaz Ali , Koondhar Mehrunnisa
Published: September 2024

In this work, we report the synthesis of poly (quinine-co-itaconic acid) incorporated graphene oxide composite that is electro-active and photo-active simultaneously.
Stable perovskite solar cells with exfoliated graphite as an ion diffusion-blocking layer
Authors: Alharbi Abdullah S. , Albishi Miqad S. , Maksudov Temur , Alhuwaymel Tariq F. , Aivalioti Chrysa , AlShebl Kadi S. , Alshamrani Naif R. , Isikgor Furkan H. , Aldosari Mubarak , Aljomah Majed M. , Petridis Konstantinos , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Kakavelakis George , Alharbi Essa A.
Published: September 2024

Spray-coated exfoliated graphite interlayer films inserted in perovskite solar cells block ion and metal diffusion. This approach produced devices with 25% power conversion efficiency and significantly improved operational stability.
Spinel ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Co, Cu, Zn) for photocatalysis: theoretical and experimental insights
Authors: Hall Charlotte A. , Ferrer Pilar , Grinter David C. , Kumar Santosh , da Silva Ivan , Rubio-Zuazo Juan , Bencok Peter , de Groot Frank , Held Georg , Grau-Crespo Ricardo
Published: September 2024

DFT simulations and synchrotron experiments offer new insights on the interplay between surface and bulk properties in spinel ferrites.
Mercaptoimidazole-capped gold nanoparticles as a potent agent against plant pathogenic fungi
Authors: Xu Tang , Hao Wenshuai , Du Ran , Dai Dai , Wang Cuixia , Li Suhua , Lin Carol Sze Ki , Cha Ruitao , Yan Jianbin , Li Chong
Published: September 2024

The first evidence that MI-Au NPs prevent plants from fungal infection is presented.
ATP-responsive copper(ii)-doped ZIF-nanoparticles for synergistic cancer therapy: combining cuproptosis and chemo/chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Deng Wei-Qun , Chen Jun-Tao , Chen Si-Si , Wang Zhi-Qing , Mao Guo-Jiang , Hu Liufang , Ouyang Juan , Li Chun-Yan
Published: September 2024

Cu2+-DOX@ZIF-90 nanoparticles exploit elevated ATP levels in cancer cells for synergistic chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy and cuproptosis, demonstrating effective tumor inhibition without causing damage to normal tissues and organs.
Accelerated scarless wound healing by dynamical regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation with immobilized asiaticoside and magnesium ions in silk nanofiber hydrogels
Authors: Yang Gongwen , Liu Lutong , Xiao Liying , Ke Shiyu , Yang Huaxiang , Lu Qiang
Published: September 2024

Silk hydrogels containing asiaticoside and magnesium ions were used to tune the angiogenesis and inflammation dynamically. The hydrogels accelerated scarless wound healing, indicating synergistic reaction of asiaticoside and magnesium.
Controlled growth of 3D topological insulator BiSb(Te1−ySey)3 nanocrystals via chemical vapor transport
Authors: Abdelrahman Nour , Charvin Titouan , Froeschke Samuel , Giraud Romain , Dufouleur Joseph , Popov Alexey , Schiemenz Sandra , Wolf Daniel , Büchner Bernd , Mertig Michael , Hampel Silke
Published: September 2024

The structural and electrical properties of thin nanocrystals of the 3D topological insulator BiSb(Te1−ySey)3 (y = 0, 0.01, 0.02, …, 0.09) have been investigated.
Spatially resolved plasma composition evolution in a solar flare – The effect of reconnection outflow
Authors: To Andy S. H. , Brooks David H. , Imada Shinsuke , French Ryan J. , van Driel-Gesztelyi Lidia , Baker Deborah , Long David M. , Ashfield IV William , Hayes Laura A.
Published: September 2024

Context. Solar flares exhibit complex variations in elemental abundances compared to photospheric values. These abundance variations, characterized by the first ionization potential (FIP) bias, remain challenging to interpret.

Aims. We aim to (1) examine the spatial and temporal evolution of coronal abundances in the X8.2 flare on 2017 September 10, and (2) provide a new scenario to interpret the often observed high FIP bias loop top, and provide further insight into differences between spatially resolved and Sun-as-a-star flare composition measurements.

Methods. We analyzed 12 Hinode/Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) raster scans spanning 3.5 hours, employing both Ca XIV 193.87 Å/Ar XIV 194.40 Å and Fe XVI 262.98 Å/S XIII 256.69 Å composition diagnostics to derive FIP bias values. We used the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) differential emission measure (DEM) method to obtain the distribution of plasma temperatures, which forms the basis for the FIP bias calculations.

Results. Both the Ca/Ar and Fe/S composition diagnostics consistently show that flare loop tops maintain high FIP bias values of > 2–6, with peak phase values exceeding 4, over the extended duration, while footpoints exhibit photospheric FIP bias of ∼1. The consistency between these two diagnostics forms the basis for our interpretation of the abundance variations.

Conclusions. We propose that this variation arises from a combination of two distinct processes: high FIP bias plasma downflows from the plasma sheet confined to loop tops, and chromospheric evaporation filling the loop footpoints with low FIP bias plasma. Mixing between these two sources produces the observed gradient. Our observations show that the localized high FIP bias signature at loop tops is likely diluted by the bright footpoint emission in spatially averaged measurements. The spatially resolved spectroscopic observations enabled by EIS prove critical for revealing this complex abundance variation in loops. Furthermore, our observations show clear evidence that the origin of hot flare plasma in flaring loops consists of a combination of both directly heated plasma in the corona and from ablated chromospheric material; and our results provide valuable insights into the formation and composition of loop top brightenings, also known as EUV knots, which are a common feature at the tops of flare loops.
Metallicity calibrations based on auroral lines from PHANGS–MUSE data
Authors: Brazzini Matilde , Belfiore Francesco , Ginolfi Michele , Groves Brent , Kreckel Kathryn , Rickards Vaught Ryan J. , Baron Dalya , Bigiel Frank , Blanc Guillermo A. , Dale Daniel A. , Grasha Kathryn , Habjan Eric , Klessen Ralf S. , Méndez-Delgado Jose Eduardo , Sandstrom Karin , Williams Thomas G.
Published: September 2024

We present a chemical analysis of selected H II regions from the PHANGS-MUSE nebular catalogue. Our intent is to empirically re-calibrate strong-line diagnostics of gas-phase metallicity, applicable across a wide range of metallicities within nearby star-forming galaxies. To ensure reliable measurements of auroral line fluxes, we carried out a new spectral fitting procedure whereby only restricted wavelength regions around the emission lines of interest are taken into account: this assures a better fit for the stellar continuum. No prior cuts to nebulae luminosity were applied to limit biases in auroral line detections. Ionic abundances of O+, O2+, N+, S+, and S2+ were estimated by applying the direct method. We integrated the selected PHANGS-MUSE sample with other existing auroral line catalogues, appropriately re-analysed to obtain a homogeneous dataset. This was used to derive strong-line diagnostic calibrations that span from 12 + log(O/H) = 7.5 to 8.8. We investigate their dependence on the ionisation parameter and conclude that it is likely the primary cause of the significant scatter observed in these diagnostics. We apply our newly calibrated strong-line diagnostics to the total sample of H II regions from the PHANGS-MUSE nebular catalogue, and we exploit these indirect metallicity estimates to study the radial metallicity gradient within each of the 19 galaxies of the sample. We compare our results with the literature and find good agreement, validating our procedure and findings. With this paper, we release the full catalogue of auroral and nebular line fluxes for the selected H II regions from the PHANGS-MUSE nebular catalogue. This is the first catalogue of direct chemical abundance measurements carried out with PHANGS-MUSE data.
The observational evidence that all microflares that accelerate electrons to high energies are rooted in sunspots
Authors: Battaglia Andrea Francesco , Krucker Säm , Veronig Astrid M. , Stiefel Muriel Zoë , Warmuth Alexander , Benz Arnold O. , Ryan Daniel F. , Collier Hannah , Harra Louise
Published: September 2024

Context. In general, large solar flares are more efficient at accelerating high-energy electrons than microflares. Nonetheless, sometimes microflares that accelerate electrons to high energies are observed. Their origin is unclear.

Aims. We statistically characterized microflares with strikingly hard spectra in the hard X-ray (HXR) range, which means that they are efficient at accelerating high-energy electrons. We refer to these events as “hard microflares”.

Methods. We selected 39 hard microflares, based on their spectral hardness estimated from the Solar Orbiter/STIX HXR quicklook light curves in two energy bands. The statistical analysis is built on spectral and imaging information from STIX combined with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and magnetic field maps from SDO/AIA and SDO/HMI.

Results. The key observational result is that all hard microflares in this dataset have one of the footpoint rooted directly within a sunspot (either in the umbra or the penumbra). This clearly indicates that the underlying magnetic flux densities are large. For the events with the classic two-footpoints morphology, the absolute value of the mean line-of-sight magnetic flux density (and vector magnetic field strength) at the footpoint rooted within the sunspot ranges from 600 to 1800 G (1500 to 2500 G), whereas the outer footpoint measures from 10 to 200 G (100 to 400 G), therefore about ten times weaker. In addition, approximately 78% of the hard microflares, which exhibited two HXR footpoints, have similar or even stronger HXR flux from the footpoint rooted within the sunspot. This contradicts the magnetic mirroring scenario. The median footpoint separation, measured through HXR observations, is approximately 24 Mm, which aligns with regular events of similar GOES classes. In addition, about 74% of the events could be approximated by a single-loop geometry, demonstrating that hard microflares typically have a relatively simple morphology. Out of these events, around 54% exhibit a relatively flat flare loop geometry.

Conclusions. We conclude that all hard microflares are rooted in sunspots, which implies that the magnetic field strength plays a key role in efficiently accelerating high-energy electrons, with hard HXR spectra associated with strong fields. This key result will allow us to further constrain our understanding of the electron acceleration mechanisms in flares and space plasmas.
Magnetic dissipation in short gamma-ray-burst jets
Authors: Mattia Giancarlo , Del Zanna Luca , Pavan Andrea , Ciolfi Riccardo
Published: September 2024

Aims. Short gamma-ray bursts originate when relativistic jets emerge from the remnants of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers, as observed in the first multi-messenger event GW170817–GRB 170817A, which coincided with a gravitational wave signal. Both the jet and the remnant are believed to be magnetized, and the presence of magnetic fields is known to influence the jet propagation across the surrounding post-merger environment. In the magnetic interplay between the jet and the environment itself, effects due to a finite plasma conductivity may be important, especially in the first phases of jet propagation. We aim to investigate these effects, from jet launching to its final breakout from the post-merger environment.

Methods. We used the PLUTO numerical code to perform 2D axisymmetric and full 3D resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, employing spherical coordinates with spatial radial stretching. We considered and compared different models for physical resistivity, which must be small but still dominating over the intrinsic numerical dissipation (which yields unwanted smearing of structures in any ideal MHD code). Stiff terms in the current density are treated with IMplicit-EXplicit Runge Kutta algorithms for time-stepping. A Synge-like gas (Taub equation of state) is also considered. All simulations were performed using an axisymmetric analytical model for both the jet propagation environment and the jet injection; we leave the case of jet propagation in a realistic environment (i.e., imported from an actual BNS merger simulation) to a future study.

Results. As expected, no qualitative differences are detected due to the effect of a finite conductivity, but significant quantitative differences in the jet structure and induced turbulence are clearly seen in 2D axisymmetric simulations, and we also compare different resistivity models. We see the formation of regions with a resistive electric field parallel to the magnetic field, and nonthermal particle acceleration may be enhanced there. The level of dissipated Ohmic power is also dependent on the various recipes for resistivity. Most of the differences arise before the breakout from the inner environment, whereas once the jet enters the external weakly magnetized environment region, these differences are preserved during further propagation despite the lower grid refinement. Finally, we show and discuss the 3D evolution of the jet within the same environment in order to highlight the emergence of nonaxisymmetric features.
SWEET-Cat: A view on the planetary mass-radius relation
Authors: Sousa S. G. , Adibekyan V. , Delgado-Mena E. , Santos N. C. , Rojas-Ayala B. , Barros S. C. C. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Hoyer S. , Israelian G. , Mortier A. , Soares B. M. T. B. , Tsantaki M.
Published: September 2024

Aims. SWEET-Cat (Stars With ExoplanETs Catalog) was originally introduced in 2013, and since then, the number of confirmed exoplanets has increased significantly. A crucial step for a comprehensive understanding of these new worlds is the precise and homogeneous characterization of their host stars.

Methods. We used a large number of high-resolution spectra to continue the addition of new stellar parameters for planet-hosting stars in SWEET-Cat following the new detection of exoplanets listed both in the Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia and in the NASA exoplanet archive. We obtained high-resolution spectra for a significant number of these planet-hosting stars, either observed by our team or collected through public archives. For FGK stars, the spectroscopic stellar parameters were derived for the spectra following the same homogeneous process using ARES+MOOG as for the previous SWEET-Cat releases. The stellar properties were combined with the planet properties to study possible correlations that could shed more light on the star-planet connection studies.

Results. We have increased the number of stars with homogeneous parameters by 232 (~25% – from 959 to 1191). We focus on the exoplanets that have had both mass and radius determined to review the mass-radius relation, and we find results consistent with the ones previously reported in the literature. For the massive planets, we also revisit the radius anomaly, confirming a metallicity correlation for the radius anomaly already hinted at in previous results.
Soil Improvement after Reclamation of Rare Earth Tailings in Northeast Guangdong, China
Authors: Yang Qihe , Li Jiaoqing , Xiao Jianhua , Mou Lihui
Published: September 2024

In order to explore the soil improvement effect of guest soil reclamation, the main physical and chemical properties of the soil in-situ extracted rare earth tailings after reclamation in Pingyuan County, Meizhou city were tested. Using 5 point sampling method, soil samples were taken from a 0-20 cm soil layer to detect NH4+ residues, pH value, content of organic matter, available N, available K, available P, and heavy metal in the soil. The results were shown that the NH4+ content in the soil decreased from 96.67 to 15.29 (mg·kg−1) after reclamation, the pH value increased from 4.58 to 5.40, and the organic matter increased from 2.12 to 2.75 (g·kg−1). However, the available N, P, and K decreased, and the soil fertility index also decreased from 0.55 to 0.49. The reclamation did not significantly improve soil fertility. The Nemero comprehensive index of non-rare earth heavy metal elements decreased from 0.58 to 0.44, but the pollution of non-rare earth heavy metals in the soil before and after reclamation was at a clean level, and there was no heavy metal pollution. The total RE (rare earth) content in tailings soil, reclaimed soil, and control soil was higher than the soil environmental background value in Guangdong Province. Heavy RE content in tailings soil exceeded 50% of total RE content, while light RE was mainly in the reclaimed soil. The pollution levels of total RE metals in soil before and after reclamation were non-pollution to moderate pollution level and non-pollution level, respectively. The control soil was the most severely polluted, reaching a strong pollution level. The three RE metals, Y, Sm and Ce, accounted for the highest proportion of the total soil REs, and the pollution levels of the latter two elements were above strong pollution in control soil. After 4 years of land reclamation, the NH4+-N pollution, soil acidification, and heavy metal pollution in the soil of tailings could be significantly improved, but the soil fertility was still low and required a long remediation process. In the future reclamation work, in addition to continuing to pay attention to the improvement of soil environment, the improvement of soil fertility and the control of RE pollution should also be strengthened, and when using foreign soil for reclamation and improvement, the quality of foreign soil, especially fertility, should also be considered.
The mechanism of polystyrene nanoplastics hepatotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Shi Taoye
Published: September 2024

The mass production of plastics and improper disposal of plastic waste has led to their widespread presence in the ecosystem. Plastics entering the natural environment degrade into irregularly shaped and differently sized nanoplastics (NPs), exacerbating global pollution. The research object to study toxic mechanisms of the liver polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) of zebrafish, providing key scientific insights for the environmental risk assessment of NPs. The zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations with a particle size of 100 nm PS NPs containing Eu, and the accumulation of nanoplastics in each tissue/organ was quantified. The mechanism of liver toxicity of nanoplastics to zebrafish was explored. Where the mass of PS NPs was linearly related to the mass of Eu with R2 = 0.999. PS NPs were accumulated in gills, ovaries, liver, spleen, intestine, kidney, skin, muscle and brain. The top three accumulations were: intestine > gills > liver. The histopathological analysis of liver indicated that 0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L PS NPs caused increased liver inflammation. 0.1 mg/L PS NPs significantly increased the activity of SOD and the content of ROS and MDA in liver. 1 mg/L PS NPs significantly increased the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH and the content of MDA in liver, while significantly decreased the content of ROS. These results will improve the appreciation of the cumulative impact of PS NPs and the mechanism of toxicity on target organs in organisms.
Analysis of hydrogeological conditions in the middle and upper reaches of the Xinachuan River Basin of the Huangshui River
Authors: Ji Nannan , Huang Yuecong , Yuan Youjing , Chen Zongyan
Published: September 2024

Groundwater resources provide the basis for the development of industry and agriculture. It also plays a role in promoting urbanization. Groundwater investigation and hydrogeological research in the Xinachuan Basin of the Huangshui River can provide a hydrogeological basis for the development of urbanization. This study takes the middle and upper reaches of the Huangshui Xinachuan River Basin as an example. Based on field investigation data, this paper passes through hydrogeological mapping, hydrogeological drilling, pumping test, sample collection and other work. The hydrogeological conditions in the middle and upper reaches of Xinachuan River have been basically identified. Zone the loose rock pore water-rich section of the river valley. It is calculated that the amount of water inrush is greater than 5000m3/d. The degree of mineralisation is less than 0.5g/L. Excellent quality and abundant quantity. It can be used as urban drinking water and farmland irrigation water.
The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of extreme temperature events in the Liaohe River Basin from 1961 to 2020
Authors: Fang Yunzhi , Wu Gaopeng , Wang Xuan
Published: September 2024

In recent years, China has frequently experienced extreme climate events. Analyzing the trends in these extreme weather changes is crucial to mitigating the adverse impacts on human lives and preventing the disruption of water resource distribution. Based on the daily maximum and daily minimum temperatures at 139 meteorological grid points in the Liaohe River Basin from 1961 to 2020, six extreme temperature indices were calculated and selected to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of the extreme temperature events in the Liaohe River Basin by using the linear trend analysis, the Mann-Kendall (M-K) mutation test, and the Kriging interpolation method. The results show that the index characterizing extreme warm events in the Liaohe River Basin in time shows a significant upward trend on both interannual and seasonal scales, while the index characterizing extreme cold events shows a significant downward trend. The mutation points of interannual changes were mainly distributed between 1980 and 2010. In the spatial distribution, the Liaohe River Basin as a whole is warming, and the northern part is warming more than the southern part.
Research on Drying Technology for Pressing Landscaping Waste - A case studay of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers
Authors: Li Yingying , Chen Guoju , Li Juan
Published: September 2024

With the gradual enhancement of people's awareness of ecological environment and sustainable development, the concept of green and low-carbon development has received more and more attention. Building a waste recycling system has also become an important task for building a beautiful China. The art of pressed flowers is such an ecological industry for recycling abandoned landscaping plants. Hibiscus rosa- sinensis is a plant widely distributed and loved by the people in China. In order to explore the most suitable drying technology for pressing Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, we study the differences of petal color, anthocyanins content, pH value, enzyme activity, drying status, protecting color, flatness between no-pressed and two different drying methods. Compared with the fresh flowers, the L, a, and C values of dried petal were lower, the pH was higher, and the enzyme activity was lower. But the difference is not significant in anthocyanins content between them. Furthermore, the enzyme activity and pH value of pressed petal with microwave were lower than those with drying plate. On the contrary, the anthocyanins content of pressed petal with microwave was higher than that with drying plate. The final study data shows that microwave pressed flower with 80% microwave power and 60-second drying time, was better for drying Hibiscus rosa-sinensis than drying plate, this method leads to better pressed flower, so as to produce plant products that are more suitable for consumers' needs.
Research on the Optimization of Coalbed Methane Utilization Based on Hydraulic Fracturing Enhanced Permeability Technology
Authors: Wang Yifan
Published: September 2024

This study presents the solution of the extraction and coal seam. Through the combination of numerical simulation study and field investigation, the fracturing radius is 12 meters after 30 days of hydraulic fracturing in the 6th coal seam, and the implementation measures of fracturing hole spacing of 20 meters and 5 meters were formulated. The results showed that the hydraulic fracturing technology significantly increased the gas concentration of drilling extraction to 93%, and the attenuation rate of gas concentration in 120 days was 14%. This technology has significantly increased the extraction flow, and effectively controlled the occurrence of coal seam fire. The methods and results of this study are instructive for coalbed methane utilization in other mines.
A monitoring and early warning platform for energy storage systems based on big data analysis
Authors: Lu Yuning , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Chao , Jiang Ke , Shen Tao , Zhang Yun , Li Miangang
Published: September 2024

This article focuses on the safe operation of lithium battery energy storage power stations and develops a data monitoring and safety warning platform for energy storage systems. The background, architecture, implementation methods, and main functions of the platform development are introduced in sequence. This platform significantly improves the safety of energy storage stations by implementing active safety monitoring and early warning, which is of great significance for the large-scale application and promotion of lithium battery energy storage stations.
Green Transformation of Hainan's Manufacturing Industry Addressing Market Distortions in the Energy Sector
Authors: Cai Jianxing , Wang Jiayu
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the market distortions in the energy sector of Hainan Province, China, and their impact on the green transformation of its manufacturing industry. We analyze the existing market distortions in energy factors, including improper allocation of energy resources, distorted energy prices, energy subsidy policies, inadequate energy efficiency management, and imperfect regulations and supervision mechanisms. We also discuss the specific impact of these market distortions on innovation efficiency, natural resource endowment, energy price distortion, energy subsidy policies, energy efficiency management, environmental protection, ecosystem impact, talent training, technological innovation, international competitiveness, and social and economic benefits. Finally, we provide policy recommendations to address these challenges and promote the green transformation of Hainan's manufacturing industry.
Evaluating Efficiency and Fairness of Renewable Portfolio Standard in China
Authors: Liu Ping , Meng Zhengji , Wu Jilong , Feng Jiayu , Wang Jing , Wang Xinhao
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates the efficiency and fairness of China's Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) using a bi-level numerical model. The model comprises a regulatory level that sets the required share of renewables and a market level where electricity producers and consumers respond to these policies. In a perfectly competitive market, carbon pricing is identified as the most efficient policy to promote the development of renewable energy, while the RPS closely approximates an optimal policy tool. By mandating a certain percentage of renewable energy generation, the RPS significantly promotes renewable energy development and substantially reduces emissions. Additionally, RPS improves welfare levels in the central regions, addressing regional welfare disparities. RPS is deemed appropriate, especially considering that China's carbon pricing mechanisms are not yet fully supportive of renewable energy development.
Mineralogical Characteristics of No. 3 Coal in the Jurassic Coalfield of Northern Shaanxi
Authors: Yan Xiaoyun , Huang Shaoqing , Wang Zhipeng , Tian Xiao , Sun Jie , Di Shaobo , Jin Xiangcheng
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the mineralogical characteristics of No. 3 coal seam in the Mahuangliang Coal Mine, located within the Jurassic coalfield of northern Shaanxi Province, China. Utilizing techniques such as low-temperature ashing (LTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy- permissive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Siroquant software, we examined the distribution and composition of the minerals present in the coal, partings, and roof and floor strata. The results reveal a rich assemblage of minerals, including quartz, kaolinite, and carbonates. The primary geological factors controlling the distribution of minerals and trace elements are the input of detrital materials from the depositional source area and the influence of hydrothermal fluids.
The Key Issues for China’s Electric Vehicles to Participate the Electricity Market
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhang Gao , Fan Menghua
Published: September 2024

At present, China has the world's largest number of electric vehicles, and the total amount of charging power from electric vehicles is growing rapidly. Due to the small scale and high dispersion of a single electric vehicle, however, it is difficult for electric vehicles to participate the electricity market directly and share the dividends of electricity reform in China. Reducing electricity prices through the participation of electricity market can effectively encourage consumers to choose and use electric vehicles. Based on the analysis of the current Chinese electricity market, this paper studies the way in which electric vehicles participate in the electricity market in China, and designs corresponding market participation mechanisms.
Manhole cover design based on eco-community
Authors: Guo Yini
Published: September 2024

By conducting a thorough review of manhole cover development in more advanced regions, conducting extensive field research, and utilizing comparative analysis of typical cases, we have successfully formulated innovative and culturally-rooted manhole cover design schemes. These designs are not solely focused on functionality, but also strive to enhance the overall landscape atmosphere and amplify the exhibition of unique eco-community cultural elements. Our primary objective is to provide a concrete and invaluable reference for future landscape design projects, encouraging the seamless integration of cultural aesthetics into practical eco-community infrastructure. By doing so, we aim to foster a more harmonious and culturally vibrant urban environment that not only meets the functional needs of its inhabitants but also reflects and celebrates the rich tapestry of eco-community culture. Ultimately, our goal is to contribute to the creation of cities that are not only functional and efficient but also visually stunning and deeply connected to their cultural heritage.
New situation and countermeasures for power grid safety under the background of new power system construction
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhang Jun , Ji Meiyun , Jiang Kaixin
Published: September 2024

The new power system is an important carrier for building a new energy system and serving the "dual carbon". The power grid is a hub platform for energy conversion, utilization, transmission configuration, and supply-demand docking, and is a key link in building a new power system. A profound understanding of the development characteristics of the new power system is of great significance for grasping the changes in the essential features of safety management. The new power system has undergone significant changes in terms of power generation, user side, and overall system characteristics, posing many challenges to the supply and demand, network, and institutional mechanisms of security governance. It is necessary to pay attention to sufficient power supply, strengthen network security guarantees, establish and improve relevant institutional standards, and ensure high-quality economic and social development with high-level security.
Stock energies, flow energies: Questions to ask
Authors: Treiner Jacques
Published: September 2024

This article explores the time scales for the depletion of carboneous stock energy resources and the fluctuations in the two main flow energies available, wind power and photovoltaic solar power. The scale of these fluctuations, given the current state of energy storage possibilities, limits their penetration rate in electricity grids.
Emergency Surgical Management of Meningiomas: Factors Affecting Early Outcomes and Complications
Authors: Tyagi Gaurav , Chandshah Mustafa Iqbal , Birua Gyani Jail Singh , Sadashiva Nishanth , Konar Subhas , Beniwal Manish , Prabhuraj A.R. , Lingaraju T. S. , Krishna Gopal , Pruthi Nupur , Shukla Dhaval P.
Published: September 2024

Objective Intracranial meningiomas constitute a third of all brain tumors and are among the most common indications for neurosurgical procedures performed worldwide. Most meningiomas present with an indolent, longstanding history. However, the data on outcomes of emergency surgeries for meningioma is limited. This study aims to present our experience of urgent surgical intervention in patients with meningiomas presenting acutely. We also analyze the factors influencing early neurological outcomes and complications.

Materials and Methods All nonelective meningioma surgeries done on an emergency basis between January 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' demography, clinical, and radiological details were recorded for analysis. The surgical procedure, complications, and follow-up outcomes were also included for statistical comparison.

Results Forty-four patients qualified for the study with a mean age of 49.4 ± 13.4 years. The average presenting Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 13; 47.7% of cases presented with altered sensorium. The most common lesion location was convexity (25, 56.8%), and the mean tumor volume was 74.1 ± 36.5 mL. Gross peritumor edema with mass effect was seen in 16 patients (36.4%). The mean Karnofsky Performance Status at 3 months' follow-up was 89.3 ± 18.2. Patient age and tumor size did not affect outcomes. The presenting GCS of < 15 (odds ratio [OR] 8.8, confidence interval [CI] 0.95–80.72, p 0.03) and the occurrence of postoperative complications (OR 25.71, CI 2.65–249.2, p 0.001) were associated with unfavorable outcomes. Although not statistically significant, a poor tumor grade was also associated with worse clinical outcomes (p 0.20).

Conclusion Emergency meningioma surgery has comparable outcomes and complication rates with routine elective procedures. Grade II/III meningiomas are more likely to present with acute neurological deterioration and carry a relatively worse prognosis. Poor presenting GCS and postoperative complications are the most critical factors associated with poor patient outcomes in our study.
Metachronous Second Primary in the Form of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Following Treatment of Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Dual Tracer PET/CT Findings Highlighting SSTR2 Expression and Its Theranostic Implications
Authors: Edamadaka Yeshwanth , Sonavane Sunita Nitin , Basu Sandip
Published: September 2024

Patients of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) experience increased risk of developing second primary cancer (SPC) necessitating active surveillance during their disease course. SPCs are associated with poor prognosis and are the leading cause of long-term morbidity and mortality impacting survival of patients with HNSCC. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SmNEC) is a rare but aggressive neoplasm with poor prognosis and high risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis. We report an exceedingly rare case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) presenting as a recurrence in the form of metachronous second primary to primary SmNEC 9 years after chemotherapy. The dual tracer positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging approach ([68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE-PET/CT with 18F-FDG-PET/CT) was explored in such metachronous NPCs, and the findings are illustrated with its potential for theranostic applications. NPC is a rare malignancy with significant geographical variations in incidence rates. Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) expression in NPC is well documented and can serve as a potential theragnostic marker in advanced NPC where the successful outcome is minimal with currently available treatment modalities.
Outpatient Endocrine Protocol and Testing Coincides with Reduced Length of Postpituitary Surgery Admission
Authors: Eitan Dana N. , Cave Taylor B. , Bendok Bernard R. , Krishna Chandan , Lal Devyani , Miglani Amar , Patel Naresh P. , Patra Devi P. , Turkmani Ali , Marino Michael J.
Published: September 2024

Objective The study objective was to compare the length of stay (LOS) and the proportion of one-night admissions before and after the implementation of an endocrine monitoring protocol following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) for pituitary adenoma.

Methods Patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection between July 1, 2018, and September 9, 2022, were identified, and divided into two cohorts before and after the implementation of the monitoring protocol. The overall LOS and number of nights of admission were recorded. Readmission within 30 days after surgery was also recorded. The number of outpatient laboratory tests performed and the time to the first test were also noted.

Results Thirty patients were identified in the preprotocol group and 60 in the postprotocol group. The average admission length in the preprotocol group was significantly longer than the average admission length in the postprotocol group (2.4 vs. 1.7 days, p = 0.004). The percentage of one-night admissions increased from 13 to 57% (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in readmission rates between the two groups (p = 0.681). The number of laboratory encounters increased from a mean of 1.38 to 2.40 (p = 0.030), while the time to the first test decreased from a mean of 3.43 to 2.36 days (p = 0.049).

Conclusion Patients admitted after ETSS for pituitary adenoma had shorter hospital stay and greater proportion of one-night admission with the implementation of an endocrine monitoring protocol. The all-cause readmission rate was not statistically different between the two groups. Through aggressive outpatient laboratory monitoring, one-night admission for ETSS may be feasible.
An efficient nano-design of image processor circuits for morphology operations based on quantum dots
Authors: Yang Li , Lianjun Wang , Anbar Mohammad , Mohammed Amin Salih
Published: September 2024

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are one of the most promising alternatives to traditional VLSI technology despite significant current obstacles. The QCA has the advantages of very low power dissipation, faster switching speed, and extremely low circuit area, which can be used in designing nano-scale image processing circuits. Morphological operations and processing of digital image processing is a significant topic for researchers because it is widely used for analyzing, enhancing, and modifying images to extract meaningful information or improve their visual quality. Image processing is also used for image retrieval and enhancement, image compression, object recognition, machine vision, and medical applications. QCA technology, as a new and leading technology with great potential, can play a fundamental role in morphological operations, processing digital images, image editing, medical imaging, facial recognition, and autonomous vehicles. In recent years, researchers in this field have presented many circuits, but they have many flaws in terms of speed, accuracy, and area consumption, and the need to create more efficient circuits is felt more than ever. Therefore, in this article, a new design for morphological operations and processing digital images is presented using QCA technology. This paper presents a new efficient QCA-based implementation of image processing based on the direct interactions between the QCA cells. This circuit uses two majority gates of five new inputs to produce the output and produces the desired output. In addition, a comparison and analysis of the area and clocking complexity, design cost, and energy dissipation through simulation using QCADesigner and QCADesigner-E are done. The results show that the presented circuit produces the expected and correct output results in 0.75 clock phases, and the obtained results show the high speed and low consumption space of the presented circuit. In addition, the presented circuit performs better than the previous best circuits in terms of quantum cost and delay, and according to the mentioned advantages, it can be used to improve and expand other circuits in image processing.
HIV, inflammation, and initiation of methamphetamine use in sexual and gender minorities assigned male at birth
Authors: Carrico Adam W. , Ryan Daniel T. , Berona Johnny , Dominguez Benjamin S. , Schrock Joshua M. , McDade Thomas W. , Newcomb Michael , D’Aquila Richard T. , Mustanski Brian
Published: September 2024

Methamphetamine use and HIV disproportionately affect sexual and gender minority (SGM) people assigned male at birth. Identifying risk factors for methamphetamine use is crucial to inform preventive interventions. In this cohort study with 1,296 SGM people assigned male at birth, ages 16 to 29, and who resided in Chicago, Poisson regression analyses indicated the prevalence of methamphetamine use increased from 2015 to 2023 [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.13;
P
= 0.02]. This increase was most pronounced among those ages 25 or older at baseline (IRR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.33 to 3.63;
P
= 0.002), and 23.9 [Interquartile Range (IQR) = 22.1 to 26.9] was the median age of first-time methamphetamine use. In 826 participants with a prior HIV diagnosis or previous inflammatory measurements, Cox proportional-hazards models examined risk factors for incident, first-time methamphetamine use. Adjusting for other substance use, the rate of incident, first-time methamphetamine use was two-fold greater after HIV diagnosis [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.27 to 3.23;
P
= 0.003]. For each SD higher C-reactive protein, the rate of incident, first-time methamphetamine use was 18% greater (aHR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.34;
P
= 0.008). HIV seroconversion and inflammation could increase the risk of initiating methamphetamine use in SGM people assigned male at birth.
Research on the electromagnetic ultrasonic detection method of initiation crack based on multi-acoustic coefficients fusion
Authors: Xing Yanhao , Zhang Xiaohui , Zhang Jia , Jin Haiyu , Lin Hongwei
Published: September 2024

The traditional single acoustic coefficient cannot judge the different degrees of fatigue damage such as initiation crack and crack extension. Based on the law between the structural evolution of dislocation pile-up initiation crack and the acoustic coefficients, a multi-acoustic coefficients fusion feature-fatigue damage stage detection method is proposed, according to the ultrasonic echo time-domain signal peak-to-peak amplitude of linear characteristics and ultrasonic echo frequency-domain signal nonlinear characteristics as the multi-acoustic coefficient fusion features. The multi-acoustic coefficient fusion feature is obtained by using the multi-point detection signal of a single fatigue-damaged aluminium plate in order to determine the different fatigue stages such as initiation crack and crack extension. The fatigue damage stage is calibrated by microscopic observation, and the accuracy of electromagnetic ultrasonic detection in the fatigue damage stage is compared and analyzed. The results show that the multi-acoustic coefficient fusion feature can effectively provide fatigue damage degree characteristics compared to a single acoustic coefficient. The detection method of multi-acoustic coefficients fusion can provide early warning of initiation crack and crack extension damage, which provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the application of electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) assessment of fatigue damage in metallic materials.
Absorbance measurement for interdisciplinary educational experiment on cytotoxicity
Authors: Zaharieva L , Stoyanova M , Dimova V , Genova T S , Antonov L , Markovski A , Iliev I , Andreeva C
Published: September 2024

We propose a multidisciplinary educational experiment, linking knowledge and skills in physics, biology and information technology through the training and application of the research method by students. From a physics point of view, the experiment consists in light absorption measurement, and in terms of biology, it demonstrates the process of cytotoxicity evaluation by means of the colorimetric method neutral red uptake in vitro test. The test allows to determine the concentration of a test drug at which 50% cytotoxicity (CC50 values) of the cells is observed. After initial exposure to the tested drug, neutral red (NR) is added to the cell culture medium, it is absorbed by the living cells and subsequently released in a desorb buffer. The cell culture medium becomes coloured, and the more intensive colour corresponds to higher cell viability, while more transparent solution corresponds to lower number of living cells. The NR concentration in the solution is estimated by the absorbance value. We measure the absorbance of NR by utilizing a very affordable educational-grade spectrometer and compare its output with that of a professional microplate reader. We show that the educational spectrometer gives a result on the CC50 value that is in agreement with the acceptable values of the official protocol. We include a comment on the results when performing this laboratory exercise in one class of 18 year old students (in their last year of secondary education). The experiment can be also successfully applied in the laboratory practicum of first year university study.
A novel plasma source concept for negative ion generation in neutral beam injectors for fusion applications
Authors: Chitarin G , Abate D , Elio F , Sartori E , Spizzo G
Published: September 2024

A low-temperature plasma can very well be confined by a simple magnetic dipole, such as in the Van Allen belts of Earth’s magnetosphere. This configuration can be reproduced in laboratory as a small experimental device, designed in such a way that the magnetic field lines remain within a vacuum-tight container and are virtually not intercepted by the container wall. In this paper we propose to use a dipole field for the realization of an efficient negative Ion source. To this purpose, we analyze the plasma confinement capabilities of such plasma source, in order to assess the equilibrium pressure and estimate the particle trajectories and drifts.