bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Result of cholangioscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy through a percutaneous T-tube for hepatolithiasis at Military Hospital 103
Authors: Đỗ Sơn Hải ,   Nguyễn Quang Nam, Nguyễn Văn Thành, Lê Thanh Sơn
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bacground: Hepatolithiasis is common in Vietnam. Percutaneous endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) is a method of choice for treatment of hepatolithiasis. This study evaluates 10 years of experience using a flexible fiber-optic choledochoscopic to assist in the fragmentation of hepatolithiasis by EHL.
Patients and methods: 854 patients with hepatolithiasis were performed percutaneous EHL through T-tube from January 2010 to January 2020 at Military Hospital 103. Patients’demographic, operative and follow-up data after perfoming EHL were retrospectively and prospectively collected for analysis.
Results: After EHL, the fragmentation rate was 100% and the complete clearance of stone was 86.53%. The average number of EHL session/patient was 1.79 ± 1.13. Post- EHL complications rate was 9.1%. During long-term follow-up evaluation, recurrent stones accounted for 10.1%.
Conclusions: Cholangioscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy through a percutaneous T-tube for hepatolithiasis was an effective and safe therapy.
Key word: Percutaneous endoscopy, EHL, flexible fiber-optic choledochoscopy, hepatolithiasis.

Tóm tắt
Đặt vấn đề: Sỏi trong gan là một bệnh lý phổ biến ở Việt Nam, gây nhiều biến chứng phức tạp. Nội soi tán sỏi bằng điện thủy lực (Electrohydraulic lithotripsy- EHL) là một phương pháp xâm nhập tối thiểu được lựa chọn để điều trị sỏi trong gan. Nghiên cứu này đánh giá 10 năm kết quả sử dụng hệ thống nội soi ống mềm để điều trị sỏi trong gan bằng EHL qua đường hầm dẫn lưu Kehr.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang, hồi cứu kết hợp tiến cứu, không đối chứng trên 854 người bệnh (NB) sỏi đường mật được nội soi tán sỏi bằng điện thủy lực qua đường hầm dẫn lưu Kehr, từ tháng 01 năm 2010 đến tháng 01 năm 2020 tại bệnh viện Quân Y 103.
Kết quả: Sau khi thực hiện EHL, 100% NB đều tán được sỏi trong gan. Khả năng tiếp cận sỏi bằng nội soi ống mềm đạt 73,19%; tỷ lệ sạch sỏi 86,53%; sót sỏi 13,47%. Số lần tán sỏi trung bình trên 1 NB là 1,79 ± 1,13 lần; Tỷ lệ biến chứng sau EHL là 9,13%. Trong quá trình theo dõi lâu dài, tỷ lệ sỏi tái phát là 10,11%.
Kết luận: Nội soi tán sỏi qua đường hầm dẫn lưu Kehr bằng điện thủy lực là một phương pháp an toàn và hiệu quả để điều trị sỏi trong gan.
Từ khóa: Nội soi tán sỏi,EHL, nội soi ống mềm, sỏi trong gan.
Result of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with all-inside technique using button system tightrope in Viet Duc University Hospital
Authors: Vũ Trường Thịnh ,   Nguyễn Xuân Thùy , Nguyễn Trung Kiên , Lê Đỗ Đạt
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Evaluating the treatment results of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction with the all-inside technique using the TightRope system.
Patients and methods: It was a longitudinal descriptive study to investigate 56 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with an all-inside technique using the Tight-Rope system in Viet Duc University Hospital between June 2019 and March 2020.
Result: 82% of patients were men, and mainly of working age. The primary cause of ACL injury was a sports injury. Six months after surgery, the outcomes were excellent. The patient's knee joint range of motion and stability (evaluated by the Lachman and Pivot-Shift test) has improved significantly.
Conclusions: Arthrosopic ACL reconstruction with all-inside technique using TightRope system leads to significant improvement in range of motion of patient's knee joint. The result of this study helps surgeons choose more options for management of ACL injury.
Key word: Knee arthroscopy, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, all-inside.

Tóm tắt
Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu đánh giá kết quả điều trị của phẫu thuật tái tạo dây chằng chéo trước (DCCT) theo kĩ thuât tái tạo "all inside" (tất cả bên trong) sử dụng Tightrope (TGR) hai đầu.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả tiến cứu trên 56 người bệnh (NB) phẫu thuật nội soi tái tạo DCCT với kỹ thuật tất cả bên trong sử dụng Tightrope hai đầu tại bệnh viện Hữu Nghị Việt Đức từ tháng 6 năm 2019 đến tháng 3 năm 2020.
Kết quả: NB chủ yếu là nam giới (82%), trong độ tuổi lao động, nguyên nhân chủ yếu do tai nạn thể thao. Kết quả sau mổ 6 tháng rất tốt, NB cải thiện biên độ vận động và độ vững của khớp gối rõ rệt qua đánh giá bằng dấu hiệu Lachman và nghiệm pháp Pivot-shift.
Kết luận: Nội soi tái tạo DCCT bằng kỹ thuật "tất cả bên trong" sử dụng TGR hai đầu đạt kết quả cao về sự phục hồi biên độ vận động khớp gối của NB sau mổ, giúp cho phẫu thuật viên có thêm lựa chọn về phương pháp phẫu thuật trong điều trị tái tạo DCCT.
Từ khóa: Nội soi khớp gối, tái tạo dây chằng chéo trước, tất cả bên trong.
Short-term outcomes of minimally invasive transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
Authors: Trần Văn Minh Tuấn ,   Bùi Minh Tín , Dương Bá Lập
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) for middle and low rectal cancer at Binh Dan Hospital.
Patients and methods: Case series of all rectal cancer patients who underwent TaTME from January 2019 to July 2020 enrolled.
Results: There were 21 patients (17 men and 4 women). The median age of patients was 58 years. The average surgical duration was 264 minutes [210 - 480]. The average blood loss was 168 ml [100 - 210]. The average hospitalization duration was 9.42 days [8 - 16]. There were 2 cases of complication as anastomotic leakage (9.5%) that responded well with conservative treatment. The ratio of R0 resection margin was 100%. There were two cases of positive postoperative circular resection margin (CRM) accounting for 9.5%. The average number of harvested lymph node were 12.34 [9 - 22].
Conclusions: TaTME could be performed safely with good oncological results for rectal cancer. This surgery has advantages for patients with narrow pelvis or obesity.
Key word: Rectal cancer, laparoscopy, Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision (TaTME).

Tóm tắt
Đặt vấn đề: Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu nhằm khảo sát kết quả sớm của phẫu thuật nội soi (PTNS) cắt toàn bộ mạc treo trực tràng qua ngã hậu môn trong điều trị ung thư trực tràng (UTTT).
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Báo cáo loạt ca. Tất cả người bệnh (NB) UTTT được phẫu thuật bằng kỹ thuật cắt toàn bộ mạc treo trực tràng với PTNS qua ngã hậu môn từ tháng 1/2019 đến tháng 7/2020 tại Bệnh viện Bình Dân.
Kết quả: Tổng số 21 Bệnh nhân (BN) (17 nam và 4 nữ) được thực hiện kỹ thuật này. Tuổi trung bình của BN là 58 tuổi. Thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình là 264 phút (210 - 480 phút). Lượng máu mất trung bình 168 ml (100 - 210 ml). Thời gian nằm viện trung bình là 9,42 ngày ( 8 - 16 ngày). Có 2 trường hợp xì miệng nối (9,5%) và được điều trị bảo tồn. Tỉ lệ bờ mặt cắt đạt được R0 là 100%. Có 2 trường hợp CRM (+) sau mổ (9,5%). Số lượng hạch nạo vét được trung bình là 12,34 hạch (9 - 22 hạch).
Kết luận: PTNS cắt toàn bộ mạc treo trực tràng qua ngã hậu môn có thể thực hiện an toàn với kết quả tốt về mặt ung thư học. Phẫu thuật đặc biệt có lợi cho các BN có khung chậu hẹp hay béo phì.
Từ khóa: Ung thư trực tràng, phẫu thuật nội soi, cắt toàn bộ mạc treo trực tràng ngã hậu môn.
Initial outcomes assessment of Billroth II – Braun anastomosis in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for cancer
Authors: Đặng Ngọc Hùng ,   Đặng Như Thành, Lê Trọng Thái
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Gastric cancer is a common disease in the world, among the leading digestive cancers. Until now, surgery, especially laparoscopic surgery, is the primary radical treatment. In there, reestablishment of the gastrointestinal continuity remains controversial.
Patients and Methods: A prospective study on 42 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Billroth II – Braun anastomosis from October 2019 to June 2020.
Results: The post-gastrectomy syndrome with persistent diarrhea accounted for 9.52%; alkaline gastritis accounted for 4.76%. Patients with Grade 2 according to Clavien - Dindo classification accounted for 14.28%. Most patients were with good surgical results of VISICK I (71.44%). 14.28% was with quite good results (VISICK II) and moderate results accounted for 14.28% (VISICK III). There was no case of persistent medical treatment or reoperation.
Conclusions: Billroth II - Braun anastomosis is a good choice in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for cancer with low rate of complications and mild postoperative symptoms that could be easily controlled with short-term medical treatment.
Key word: Billroth II – Braun, gastric cancer, distal gastrectomy.

Tóm tắt
Đặt vấn đề: Ung thư dạ dày là bệnh lý thường gặp trên thế giới, đứng hàng đầu trong các ung thư tiêu hóa. Hiện nay, điều trị ung thư dạ dày (UTDD) bằng phẫu thuật, đặc biệt phẫu thuật nội soi, là phương pháp điều trị triệt căn hàng đầu. Trong đó, tái lập lưu thông tiêu hóa là vấn đề còn đang thảo luận.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả tiến cứu trên 42 người bệnh (NB) UTDD được cắt bán phần dạ dày phần xa bằng phẫu thuật nội soi (PTNS), tái lập bằng miệng nối bilroth II - Braun từ tháng 10/2019 đến tháng 6/2020 và đánh giá kết quả miệng nối Bilroth II (polyA) - Braun trong tái lập lưu thông tiêu hóa sau cắt bán phần xa dạ dày nội soi do ung thư.
Kết quả: Hội chứng sau cắt dạ dày với tiêu chảy kéo dài tỷ lệ 9,52%; viêm dạ dày do kiềm chiếm 4,76%. Các NB có độ 2 theo Clavien - Dindo là 14,28%. Phần lớn BN có kết quả phẫu thuật tốt đạt VISICK I (71,44%). 14,28% đạt kết quả khá (VISICK II) và kết quả trung bình là 14,28% (VISICK III). Không có trường hợp cần dùng thuốc dài ngày hay mổ lại.
Kết luận: Miệng nối Bilroth II - Braun là một lựa chọn tốt trong phẫu thuật cắt bán phần xa dạ dày do ung thư với tỷ lệ biến chứng sau mổ thấp và các triệu chứng mắc phải sau phẫu thuật thường nhẹ, có thể dễ dàng kiểm soát bằng điều trị nội khoa ngắn ngày.
Từ khóa: Billroth II - Braun, ung thư dạ dày, cắt bán phần dạ dày.
Laparoscopic surgery for lithiasis local choledochal dilatation diagnosed a cyst: Case report and literature reviews
Authors: Đỗ Tuấn Anh ,   Nguyễn Thị Lan , Đỗ Hải Đăng , Lương Công Định
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Biliary dilation is common in clinical practice and originates from many pathologies; among them, choledocholithiasis, chronic pancreatitis and periampullary diverticula (PAD) are the most common. Popular signs of cholelithiasis is diffuse dilatation of the intra- and extrahepatic bile duct, however, in some cases, it might be local dilatation of the common bile duct without intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. The long-term outcome is favorable, however, it is necessary to rule out other causes such as choledochal cyst, pancreatitis by frozen section in order to have a proper diagnosis and treatment. We describe a 19-year-old female patient with local dilation of the common bile duct due to choledocholithiasis that was operated laparoscopically with success.
Key word: Local common bile duct dilation, gallstones, choledochal cyst, laparoscopy.

Tóm tắt
Giãn đường mật là một hình thái tổn thương hay gặp trên lâm sàng, do nhiều bệnh lý khác nhau, hay gặp nhất là sỏi ống mật chủ (OMC), viêm tụy mạn và túi thừa Vater 1. Dấu hiệu phổ biến của sỏi mật là giãn đường mật trong và ngoài gan lan tỏa, tuy nhiên có trường hợp OMC giãn đơn thuần không kèm theo giãn đường mật trong gan. Tiên lượng của bệnh này là tốt, tuy nhiên cần loại trừ các nguyên nhân như nang OMC, viêm tụy bằng sinh thiết tức thì để có chẩn đoán và điều trị phù hợp nhất. Chúng tôi xin báo cáo một trường hợp người bệnh (NB) nữ, 19 tuổi mắc sỏi mật gây giãn OMC khu trú dạng nang được phẫu thuật nội soi thành công.
Từ khóa: Giãn đường mật khu trú, sỏi mật, nang ống mật chủ, phẫu thuật nội soi.
Polymorphism of traits of flower and fruit of the Tsumi apple tree (Malus zumi (Matsum.) Rehder)
Authors: Donskih Vitaly , Aniskina Tatiana , Kryuchkova Victоria
Published: December 2021

The Tsumi apple tree is a valuable crop due to the presence of a gene for resistance to powdery mildew, abundant annual fruiting and a special decorative effect during flowering and fruiting. Its breeding potential has been little studied; therefore, it is necessary to study the morphometric characteristics of a flower and a fruit and establish connections between them. The collection of flowers and fruits of the Tsumi apple tree was carried out in the laboratory of cultivated plants of the Tsytsin Main Botanical Garden in 2021. The coefficients of variation and correlation according to Spearman were determined. It was found that the polymorphism of flower traits is at a very low level (from 4.4% to 14.2%). The number of flowers per inflorescence varies within 15.9%, which corresponds to the average level of polymorphism, as well as in the weight of the fruit (17.3%) and in the weight of seeds (19.5%). Variations in the length of the peduncle, the number of seeds, the length of the fruit, and the diameter of the fruit are at a very low level (6.9-13.6%). A significant number of reliable inverse (negative) correlations were found between signs of moderate strength (0.5 <r <0.6): a strong relationship between fruit weight and anther length (r = -0.73), fruit length and filament length (r = -0.71). A strong positive relationship was found between the following traits: fruit weight and fruit diameter (r = 0.79), seed weight. Keywords: POLYMORPHISM, FLOWER, CRABAPPLES, SORBOMALUS, MALUS ZUMI, TSUMI APPLE TREE, VARIABILITY, MORPHOLOGY
Application of 3D cameras to assess the quality of soil cultivation in agriculture
Authors:   State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Ivanov Andrey
Published: December 2021

Currently, electronic devices are widely used in modern precision farming technology. Soil surface measurement is solved with single-purpose handheld instruments that are placed in the field before passing a tillage machine such as a plow or harrow and after tilling the soil. Laser, photogravimetric and synthetic aperture radar systems are used for non-contact measurement of soil roughness and uniformity. Measurements to calibrate the camera output were carried out at three height levels: 500 mm, 1000 mm and 1500 mm. The indicated measuring heights have been selected for possible applications in agricultural soil research, for example when determining the quality of the treated soil during plowing after passing the tillage machine. Measurements can be used to determine the condition of the soil before and after treatment. The system is easy to use and does not require special and additional expensive software. The use of 3D cameras is effective for determining the state of soil cultivation and a promising direction for adjusting the parameters of the tillage machine. Keywords: 3D CAMERA; MODEL; UNEVENNESS OF THE SOIL, TILLAGE MACHINE
Analysis of the vibratory cultivator operation
Authors:   State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Ivanov Andrey , Trofimov Stanislav
Published: December 2021

Vibration can significantly reduce the pulling force of machines. The crushing of the soil increases with the frequency of vibration of the organ, and it was found that the size of the pieces of soil depends on the ratio of the speed of the aggregate to the frequency of vibration of the organ. In addition, traction and fuel consumption are reduced compared to machines without vibrating implements. Reduced tractive effort is the most important indicator of the effectiveness of the use of vibrating tools. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of applying vibrations at different frequencies to a cultivator on its performance, as well as oscillatory motion at two frequencies and with constant amplitudes on the traction force of the working body and soil properties. It can be noted that the effect of vibration frequency on tractive effort is more important than the depth of tillage. These two factors are the main and most significant in terms of tractive effort. Working depth also has a significant effect on tractive power. It increases to 54% with an increase in the working depth from 100 to 200 mm. The result is the same with a depth of 300 to 400 mm. An increase in tractive effort occurs due to a higher additional soil pressure and an increase in frictional forces in the "soil-metal surface of the working body" system. Keywords: TILLAGE; OSCILLATORY MOVEMENTS; LOOSENING THE SOIL; VIBRATION
Experimental study of the S-shaped load element of the soil tillage machine
Authors:   State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Ustinov Nikolay , Mikhailov Vitaly , Bulatov Felix
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the design of the strut of a tillage machine in the form of an S-shaped power element, using flexible tubular elements (Bourdon springs). Racks of this type are proposed for copying the soil microrelief, maintaining the depth of soil cultivation using a hydraulic drive. The possibility of using the S-shaped rack of the tool of the tillage machine, using flexible tubular elements, to ensure the copying of the soil micro-relief, compliance with the specified working depth, has been experimentally proved. Evaluation of the sensitivity and traction capacity of the S-shaped load-bearing element of the rack will allow us to speak of the ability to create displacements within 120 mm and traction forces up to 1600 N, at a maximum pressure of 6 MPa. Keywords: SOIL TILLAGE, TOOL TILLAGE, FLEXIBLE TUBULAR ELEMENT, DEPTH OF SOIL TILLAGE
The role of technical elements of digitalization in the development of modern animal farming
Authors:   State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Shemetov Alexey , Ivanov Andrey
Published: December 2021

It is estimated that farmers need to increase production by 70% over the next 50 years to meet the growing global demand for meat and animal products [1]. Since land and other natural resources are limited, more efficient ways of raising more animals per hectare of land will need to be found to meet this growing demand. Today, most animal husbandry methods require manual intervention at some level. This affects production productivity. Previously, digital technologies were expensive and could not be applied on a large scale. Today, sensors, big data, and machine learning algorithms have significant cost advantages over these older detection methods. Currently, the sensors offered by the market are significantly limited in reliable forecasting and disease management in animal husbandry due to continuous automated monitoring in real time. In addition, there are certain technical problems, such as the location of the sensors, what the sampling rate will be, and how the data will be transmitted. All of these considerations affect the accuracy of the algorithms, as well as the scalability and practicality of a solution that ultimately can be used on a livestock farm. In real-time systems, large feature sets can be problematic due to computational complexity and higher storage requirements. In light of the still existing pandemic, when restrictions prevent veterinarians and producers from visiting farms, cowsheds and feed mills (but there is a need for 24/7 information on activities, consumption and production of products in real time), then the current and practically only possible solution is the introduction of digital technologies. Keywords: LIVESTOCK, SMART FARMING, SENSORS, SENSORS, MACHINE LEARNING
Assessment of promising areas of digital livestock farming in the framework of "Agriculture 4.0"
Authors:   State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Istomin Dmitry , Ivanov Andrey
Published: December 2021

Digital innovation is increasingly being promoted as a practice that allows producers to tackle the challenges of reducing the impact of livestock on greenhouse gas emissions, meeting the growing needs of the population, and the welfare of animals and the environment. Today, digital technologies are being implemented in the livestock sector in different ways: automation technologies are popular among farmers, and not technologies for collecting or processing data for decision-making. There is a risk that, with a focus on the future, technology development will focus on livestock in corporate, large-scale industrial production and therefore will not address the barriers to integrated digital solutions development and access for smallholder farmers. If so, Agriculture 4.0 will play a more limited role in making food systems sustainable. Agriculture 4.0 developers must focus not only on developing the latest sensor or device, but on a more holistic perspective, including consideration of regulatory requirements, business model, recommendations and capacity development, to ensure implementation and ensure the sharing of the benefits of Agriculture 4.0 for all participants in the agricultural sector. Keywords: LIVESTOCK, DIGITAL AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURE 4.0
The effectiveness of a proposed strategy according to visual thinking in the achievement of physics and mental sharpness among fifth-grade biology students
Authors:   University of kufa,   education at Diwaniya
Published: December 2021

The aim of the current research is to identify the effectiveness of a proposed strategy according to visual thinking in the achievement of physics and mental sharpness among fifth- grade biology student , by verifying the following null hypothesis : there is no difference or statistical significance at the level ( 0.05 ) average scores of the experimental group students which was studied according suggested strategy and the average scores of the students of the control group who studied in the usual way at the level of achievement in physics and mental sharpness . The research limited for fifth grade biology students in the middle and high schools of the day affiliated to the directorate of education Al-Diwaniyah center for the academic year ( 2020 – 2021 ) , the research chose Al-Zaytoun high school intentionally , then two division were chosen out of four divisions for the fifth grade biology were randomly selected , the sample number was ( 71 ) students , and by ( 35 ) students for the control group , which studied in the usual way and ( 36 ) students for the experimental group , which studied according to the proposed strategy , the pilot and officer groups have been equal in a number of variables are the time-old in the months of the semi-year test degree with physics and previous information , for the purpose of achieving my research goals , researchers adopted a threat to a multi-choice (35) paragraph , the test was verified and its stability was also verified as the discriminatory force was calculated for its paragraphs , the mental acuity test was also built , which consisted of (45) items distributed over 3 sub-dimensions , the validity and reliability of the test were verified , and the discriminatory power of the items was calculated , the results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group that studied according to the proposed strategy over the students of the control group that studied in the usual away in achievement in physics and mental acuity for the fifth grade biology students , thus , the null hypothesis was rejected accordingly, the researchers recommended using the proposed strategy in teaching physics and suggested conducting other studies for other stages of study and different study subjects to know the effectiveness of the proposed .
Epidural tumor pseudoprogression after spine SBRT: A case report and a mini review of the literature
Authors: Stutz Emanuel , Wartenberg Martin , Hemmatazad Hossein
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to the spine is becoming a more common form of treatment. Response assessment is challenging because pseudoprogression (PP) is difficult to distinguish from true tumor progression (TTP).
Methods: We report the case of a patient with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and a bony metastasis to T-7. The MRI 22 months after the first SBRT to this location showed radiological tumor progression to the epidural space resulting in a re-SBRT. The three and six months MRI after re-SBRT showed again progressive epidural growth. After T-7 vertebrectomy, obtained tissue specimens were histopathologically evaluated.
Results: Although the MRI sequences after second SBRT were highly suspicious of tumor progression into epidural space, only a small cluster of carcinoma cells of 1mm diameter was found within the bony structure near the disc, not belonging to the radiologically highly suspicious epidural mass.
Conclusion: To our knowledge, we report the first case of a radiographic tumor progression to the epidural space following primary SBRT and re-SBRT, which histopathologically revealed a PP after spine surgery. Based on the “epidural progression criterion” from the SPINO-consensus, the first and the second progression after SBRT should have been classified as TTP. Due to the challenge in distinguishing TTP from PP, reporting of such cases are essential to share experiences and thereby improve the understanding of PP after spine SBRT.
The Lavender Way – Lavender Procedure - A Way to Defeat Breast Cancer Without Surgery, Chemotherapy or Radiation A Clarion Call for Radical Change
Authors: Bretz Phillip , Lynch BG Richard , Mantik David
Published: December 2021

Background
Despite advances in metabolic pathways, exosomes, ct-DNA, biomarkers, and imaging technology, breast cancer is still with us. It is a global curse with incidence set to double in the U.S. by 2030. Increasingly, researchers blame this debacle on our persistent use of unreliable preclinical testing with mouse models. Further, while basic science understanding has exploded, we know each daughter cell is genetically different, with likely increased resistance to therapy - and increased aggressiveness. Nonetheless, our current approach requires killing every one of these daughters to the last. The authors have devised a new game plan; the new goal is to kill the very first cells, not the last ones. This can be implemented globally - with dramatic cost reduction, and more lives saved while leaving the breast intact.

Methods

The authors have created The Lavender Way, which employs multiple non-radiation diagnostic modalities. This allows us to predict within ten years in a person's lifetime when breast cancer will likely manifest. Then imaging is accelerated with modified military Infrared, ultrasound, and others to locate ultra-small breast cancers (5-8mm). Tumor analysis can determine each tumor’s aggressiveness. Via a 20-minute office procedure under local anesthesia (i.e., Cryoablation, aka The Lavender Procedure), the tumor can be killed with the patients resuming normal activity immediately. It is both a dramatic change in treatment and, just as significant, a dramatic change in lifting the psychological burden of this dreaded disease.
Results
Group I - Ideal Patients Group II – Less than Ideal Group III – Strictly Palliative All in Group I are alive after seven years except one. That one died of a fall, cancer-free, and one is alive with a local recurrence successfully treated with repeat cryoablation. Group II had one local recurrence, and one had a second primary tumor in a different location in the breast. Group III refused any other treatment and had metastatic disease. They were treated to prevent tumors from eroding through the skin. Most have died. The Lavender Way paves the way for The Lavender Procedure Conclusion Ultra-small breast cancers with optimal bio-markers are ideal candidates for The Lavender Procedure (i.e., Cryoablation). All patients resumed normal activity immediately – without sutures. All patients in Group I and II patients have avoided surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.
Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer Diagnosed by Pathology From Abdominal Wall Necrotic Tissue
Authors: Tarabay Rami , Aridi Riwa Al , Chitsaz Mahsa , Pontikos Alexander , Chitsaz Ehsan
Published: December 2021

Colon cancer can present with variable clinical manifestations. An unusual finding is the direct dissemination of colon adenocarcinoma through the abdominal wall and skin. We present a rare case of complicated diverticulitis with abscess formation that demonstrates diagnosis of colonic adenocarcinoma from necrotic skin tissue upon debridement. In the modern world of widespread use of colonoscopy screening, the initial diagnosis of colon cancer is declining. This particular case, however, illustrates the value of maintaining a high index of suspicion in patients with diver-ticulitis complicated by abscess formation
Students’ Perception on Government Policy of Routine HIV Testing: A Case of University of Zambia Ridgeway Campus
Authors: Kaminsa Chibochi , Simon Chirwa , Vincent Kalembwe , Celestine Mukomenji , Mwelwa Martha Mbewe , Shitima Natalia Mbewe , Mutemwa Susan , Zulu Caroline
Published: December 2021

Background
HIV Routine testing to all hospital attendants offers testing to all patients irrespective of their presenting illness even if it has nothing to do with HIV. This approach differs from voluntary counselling and testing, which is client-initiated. Adolescents and young adults especially those in colleges are a sexually active group of people which makes them prone to HIV infection. Therefore, there was need to conduct this study to determine the perception of students on routine HIV testing at the University of Zambia (Ridgeway campus) to determine their attitude towards HIV testing.
Design and Methods
A cross sectional quantitative study was conducted at UNZARidgeway hostels using stratified random sampling to select study participants which included all males and females who were on campus. A semi-structured interview questionnaire was applied to collect data which was analyzed using SPSS version 23software. A Chi-square test was applied for descriptive analysis and results were presented in tables and charts.
Results
Majority indicated that routine HIV testing was a good policy and supported it; though surprisingly 94% of the students were knowledgeable about routine HIV testing and yet their knowledge did not affect their perception of the policy. However, their experiences, expectations and beliefs affected students’ perception on routine HIV testing.
Conclusion
Health practitioners should have positive attitude and good work culture in order to uphold students’ positive perception so as to encourage a culture of HIV testing and is free from stigma.
Laparoscopic removal of giant gallbladder stone: A rare case report in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Mulla Ahmad E. , Al-Sanea Hamad F. , Imam Ehab S. , Shalaby Omar
Published: December 2021

Gallbladder stones are a typical surgical diagnosis, with over a million procedures performed worldwide. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the firstchoice treatment and procedure. The size of gallbladder stones varies from a few millimetres to giant/large stones. Larger stones have complex anatomy and adhesions, so the laparoscopic approach can be challenging, rare, and requires higher surgical experience.
Rare cause of lightning gastrointestinal haemorrhage: pseudoaneurysm of superior mesenteric artery caused by gunshot wound
Authors: Kallouch L. , Laamrani F.Z. , Jroundi L.
Published: December 2021

Comparing to aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms carry a higher frequency of complications, early rupture being the most frequent and dangerous, as it can lead to a life-threatening shock. Traditionally, they are associated with trauma, infection, and inflammatory disease. SMA and branchespseudoaneurysms are the rarest forms of visceral pseudo-aneurysms.
Unlike true aneurysms that have all three arterial wall layers, pseudoaneurysms develop from the disruption of intimal and medial layers of the arterial wall and do not contain any epithelized wall, hence the high risk of complications, they are typically outlined by thin fibrous tissue and are usually surrounded by periarterial hematoma. Presentation of pseudoaneurysms may vary from the absence of symptoms to life-threatening haemorrhage and death, but in context of Abdominal penetrating trauma, it can lead to hemorrhagic shock and ischemic colitis. Computed tomography angiography is considered the gold standard for diagnostics.
Obesity Myths & Facts
Authors: Jaqua Ecler Ercole
Published: December 2021

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, multifactorial and neurobehavioral disease. An increase in body fat endorses abnormal fat mass physical forces and dysfunction, resulting in unfavorable metabolic, biomechanical, and psychosocial health consequences.1,2 Examples of adverse metabolic consequences: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, hyperlipidemia.1 Examples of adverse biomechanical consequences: Obstructive sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, back pain, cancer, deep vein thrombosis, carpal tunnel syndrome.1 Examples of adverse psychosocial health consequences: Depression, anxiety, panic attack, bullying.1
ABO A frequency in caucasians in US and liberal politics
Authors: Hobgood Donna K.
Published: December 2021

Background
Genes and environment shape personality and behavior. Environment effects seem harder to pin down, but genetic effects may be studied with some precision and used to understand behavior better. So in looking at political behaviors and attitudes, genes can be helpful. The current political change in the US is toward more liberal policies heightened by the most recent national elections. Observation of the well-studied gene ABO in populations and their political voting behavior suggests that ABO A may be higher in caucasians that vote liberal politics than in caucasians that vote conservative. ABO A is high in frequency in populations of western Europe and especially eastern Europe, and socialism is more prevalent in those countries thus raising the suggestion that ABO A could be relevent in understanding liberalism in the US.
Methods
Since the US president and thus administration of the government is elected by state electoral votes, surveying the frequency of ABO A in each state population was done through review of the medical literature.
Results
Caucasians have a significantly higher frequency of ABO A than other ethnicities. Minorities historically vote significantly higher for liberal policies, but the Caucasian majority vote, theoretically more status quo and thus conservative would be necessary to have some voters choose liberal if liberals have a chance at winning an election. Since caucasians are in the majority in US population and since ethnicity of ABO frequencies in each state is not readily available information, an adjustment for ethnicity was applied by dividing each state’s frequency of ABO A blood type by the frequency of caucasians in that state’s population thus ABO A among caucasians in the red states (conservative) vs the blue states (liberal).
Conclusion
Higher ABO A frequency in caucasians in states that vote liberal was thus inferred
The role of neutrofiles and by macrophages in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and I post inflammatory episodes : Major tissue damage may be inflicted by a synergy among their toxic pro inflammatory agents
Authors: Ginsburg Isaac , Feldman Mark
Published: December 2021

In his manuscript we summarize the role played by the variety of pro inflammatory agents generated by neutrofiles and by macrophages and how these cells may act in synergy to injure human and tissues in various inflammatory and in post inflammatory conditions. Screening the vast published literature, we found that most of papers published on inflammation, tend to stress only the role played by a very few pro inflammatory agents as key agents in inflammation. This is unreasonable to try to understand how leukocytes kill microbial cells and injure mammalian cells in various medical conditions. This is since the PMNs and macrophages produce numerous inflammatory agents.
Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Local Commercial Yahe (Fermented Caridean-Shrimp) Products
Authors: Sophakphokea Say , Sokuncharya Rith , Chakriya Norng , Vichheka Ang , Malyheng Chheun , Sokheng Ly , Kimheang Prom , Rithy Chrun , Chim Chay
Published: December 2021

Fermentation was used since ancient times as an easy method of food preservation, which also maintains and/or improves the nutritional and sensory properties of food. A research as aimed at identifying strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented caridean-shrimp, which properties suitable for starter cultures in food fermentation. A total of 18 LAB stains were obtained from ten different samples, in each sample consisted of commercial LAB strain that isolated from ten samples of caridean-shrimp. The LAB strains from ten samples were screened for resistance to biological barriers (acid and bile salts), and the three most promising strains were selected. The three bacteria strains were isolated from samples of caridean[1]shrimp and were characterized by the API 50 CHL system of identification. Three lactic acid bacteria species were identified and included Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Strain Y’11b,2, Y’11e,2, Y’85,1, which showed probiotic characteristics reducing cell growth of cancer, could be suitable as a starter culture for food fermentation because of its strong acid production and high acid tolerance. This is the first report to describe bacteria, isolated from caridean[1]shrimp, Lactobacillus Plantarum (Y’11b,2, Y’11e,2) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (Y’85,1) which have the probiotic characteristics and the acid tolerance needed for its use as a starter culture in food fermentation.
Time scale of the growth progress in bacterial cultures: a self-consistent choice
Authors: Schiraldi Alberto , Foschino Roberto
Published: December 2021

An empirical model describes the behavior of an ideal microbial culture that mimics the real one. The predicted growth curve, log[N(t)], includes the onset tail of the observed sigmoid trend, while the latency phase that precedes the cell duplication is a time gap, which does not coincide with the so-called lag phase of other models. Unsolved remains the issue of the time scale: does the origin of the time scale of the experimenter coincide with that of the microbial culture? The correlation between duration of latency phase and maximum slope of the growth trend allows determination of a “true” starting point of the growth progress as the origin of the time scale of the microbial culture. Rigid shifts in the time scale of the experimenter allow alignment of the growth trends of real microbial cultures (in excess substrate, in the same medium and at the same temperature), no matter the starting population density. The time scale of the bacterial culture allows a consistent evaluation of the extent of the latency phase that can include a “negative” time span, which is supposed to deal with some basal cell metabolism not aimed at duplication. Some examples, dealing with real psychrotrophic bacterial cultures, support the model and perfect the prediction of the extent of the latency phase at various temperatures.
Rapid diagnosis of acute respiratory infections by multiplex endpoint PCR technology
Authors: Giubelean Alexandru , Udristioiu Aurelian
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The multiplex endpoint PCR technology offers a number of potential advantages, results are available in a matter of hours rather than days, the extreme sensibility facilitates detection of even minutes the amounts of pathogen DNA in clinical samples and the test is not significantly affected by prior administration of antibiotics.
Aim: The aim of this work was to rapidly identify the antibiotic resistance the monitoring of pathogen growth at the patients admitted in Hospitalization Intensive Care Unit, with the diagnosis of Community Acquired Pneumonia, (CAP).
Method: The Analyzer Unyvero™ Pneumonia Application was used in detection of pneumonia associated pathogens and their antibiotic resistance genes using the Pneumonia Unyvero™ System, following PCR pathogen species with sequencing of the amplified microbial DNA.
Results: The main pathogens of community acquired pneumonia from the cohort study,36 cases, (20 males in mean age 35-66 years and 16 females in mean age 40-55 mean years), were Streptococcus pneumonia, (16 cases), Staphilococcus aureus, (10 cases), Klebsiella pneumonia (5 cases) and other important agents were “atypical”, such as Haemophilus Influenzae, Chlamidophilapneumonie and Moraxelacataralis. A case with Acinetobacter baumani and Proteus Sp. was also widely resistance to mefA gene / ermB gene as all cases of analyzed. The more frequency of genes resistant (29 cases) are ermA gene / ermC / ermB for Staphilococcus aureus and the gene tem+shv / gene / ctx-M with the Chromosomal mutation (7 cases), as gyrA83_87 Ecoli / Pseu for Klebsiella pneumonia agents. Also, most resistance antibiotics were Makrolides, (29 cases and Lincosamides (6 cases) and these cases have had the chromosomial integrates. The most resistance microbe, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 case), has been registered as multi drugs resistance [MDR]*.
Conclusion: The Unyvero™ results have been available 2 days before the primary microbiology report and 3 days before the final confirmation results, obtained by microbiology culture. The Unyvero Analyzer only provides rapid data to support the therapeutic decision of currant medic.
Quantification of IgG specific antibodies in recovered COVID -19 patients and its association with disease severity
Authors: Srivastava Saurabh , Bahadur Shalini , Shukla Shalini , Upadhyay Rashmi , Sickan Jaganathan , Darbar Ajay , Ali Hussain , Beshiri Agim
Published: December 2021

Background: Serological tests for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can provide valuable information in epidemiologic and public health research. However, the data is limited on serological response post COVID-19 infection. Objective: To investigate the use of ARCHITECT SARS CoV-2 IgG II Quantitative assay to quantify the IgG antibodies in recovered COVID-19 infections.
Methods: Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays were performed using the ARCHITECT Quantitative chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay to detect IgG against SARS-CoV-2 S1 receptor binding domain (RBD) in serum and plasma. Patients having IgG concentrations above ≥50 AU/mL were defined as positive. We analyzed 333 COVID-19 patients who were tested negative by RT-PCR not more than three months after testing positive.
Results: The mean age of the population was 34.3 years and 95% were male. About 93% of the patients had mild disease and rest had moderate disease. The mean IgG levels in the entire cohort was 1860.27 AU/mL, the lowest and highest value detected by ARCHITECT SARS CoV-2 IgG II Quantitative Assay (Abbott Laboratories, USA) were 39.8 AU/mL and 43657.4 AU/mL, respectively. While patients with moderate COVID-19 disease had numerically higher IgG levels than patients with mild disease, the difference was not statistically significant (1787.7 AU/mL vs. 2865.39 AU/mL, p=0.21). In 97% of the patients, IgG antibodies could be detected up to 95 days after testing negative on RT-PCR.
Conclusion: Patients with moderate COVID-19 disease may develop higher IgG antibodies than in patients with mild disease. Antibodies can be detected in majority of recovered individuals for more than 90 days which may be valuable in developing future vaccination strategy.
Chlamydia trachomatis IgM and gG antibodies and associated risk factors of among positive and negative HIV women attending consultation at the Mbouo-Banjoun Presbyterian Hospital West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Sama Leonard Fonkeng , Noubom Michel , Nguekam Romeo Joël , Dabou Solange , Tchouangueu Thibau Flaurant , Tume Christopher Bonglavnyuy
Published: December 2021

Background:Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection in the genitourinary tract is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD) worldwide. Genital chlamydial infection has a huge impact on sexual and reproductive health, and it is very common in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalance and risk factors for C. trachomatisinfection in women seeking medical care in the locality of Mbouo-BanjounWest Region of Cameroon.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional hospital based study from November 2016 to June 2017 in which we recruited 204 consenting women aged 18 to 55 years. A questionnaire was administered to study participants and potential risk factors for Chlamydia exposure sought. Venous blood was collected and serum from each participant analysed for C. trachomatis infection as evidenced by positive anti-C. trachomatisIgG and IgM antibodies detected using the Sandwich Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. The proportion of anti-C. trachomatis antibody was calculated and predictors of C. trachomatis infection analysed by univariate and multivariate regression. Epi-Info 7 was used for statistical analyses. A p < 0.05 was considered significant in all analyses.
Results: The seroprevalence of anti-C. trachomatisantibodies (IgM or IgG) was found to be62.25% [127/204]. Among seropositive women, 37.15% [77/204] were seropositive for IgG antibodies while 47.54% [97/204] were seropositive for IgM antibodies and 23.04% [47/204] where seropositive for both IgM and IgG antibodies. Among the risk factors evaluated, marital status (P= 0.03) and knowledge of Chlamydia (P= 0.001) were observed to be an independent risk factor of C. trachomatisinfection.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest recent C. trachomatisexposure is high in our study population, and may constitute a significant risk factor for, ocular and pulmonary infection in new born child, infertility to women. Education and screening of HIV-positive individuals and pregnant women for C. trachomatisinfection may be important primary prevention strategies in this population.
DETERMINANTS OF MORTGAGE LOAN REPAYMENT IN GHANA
Authors: Ampofo Justice Agyei , Mantey Isaac
Published: December 2021

The housing deficit in Ghana is an issue of concern for all. This study sought to analyse the determinants of the repayment of mortgage loans in Ghana. The study used both secondary and primary data. The mixed-method approach was used for the study. The data collection instruments were interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires. The study revealed that socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, sex distribution of respondents, educational level of respondents, marital status of respondents, occupational status of respondents, household size of respondents, the income of respondents are some of the factors that affect the repayment of mortgage loans in Ghana. The study revealed that borrowers who earned higher income had a better repayment performance as compared to low income earning borrowers. In addition, higher household sizes have lower repayment capacity and lower household sizes have higher repayment capacity. The study recommends that the government of Ghana should institute state bodies responsible for providing liquidity to mortgages and mortgage properties and buying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates is a way of creating a secondary mortgage market for the Ghanaian mortgage industry.
Keywords:  Determinants, Mortgage, Repayment, Ghana.