bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRISMA HYPERSPECTRAL AND SENTINEL-2 MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES FOR CHLOROPHYLL-A AND TURBIDITY MAPPING OF TAAL LAKE
Authors: Hernando A. M. , Piano A. M. , Blanco A. C. , Medina J. M. , Manuel A. Y.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Freshwater bodies like Taal Lake play a pivotal role in providing essential resources like fresh drinking water and in supporting local livelihoods. This study aimed to examine the environmental conditions of Taal Lake by quantifying chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and turbidity levels with Water Colour Simulator (WASI) and water quality indices, specifically with Sentinel-2 and PRISMA imagery. The results from the satellite image-derived data revealed discernible variations in chlorophyll-a and turbidity concentrations across different regions of Taal Lake. Higher chlorophyll-a was consistently observed in the western regions (1.3–5.9 μg/L for Sentinel-2; 1.4–5.4 μg/L for PRISMA), while lower concentrations were found in the south (1.7–3.4 μg/L for Sentinel-2; 1.9–3.3 μg/L for PRISMA). Meanwhile, turbidity values were higher in the eastern and northeastern parts (0.15–0.59 mg/L for Sentinel-2; 0.13–0.51 mg/L for PRISMA). Water quality indices (NDTI & NDCI) also supported these findings. The findings of this comparative analysis between PRISMA hyperspectral and Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery demonstrate the potential of both satellite systems in providing valuable insights into the spatial distribution of water quality parameters in Taal Lake. Nonetheless, discrepancies observed in the scatter plots and inversion failures in PRISMA underscore the need for further research and refinement in utilizing PRISMA data with the WASI model. This study highlights the significance of freshwater bodies and the importance of monitoring their health for the well-being of communities and the environment.
3-D AIR POLLUTION ESTIMATION USING A HYBRID SPATIAL MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF ZHUNAN-MIAOLI AREA, TAIWAN
Authors: Hsu C. W. , Chern Y. R. , Su J. J. , Wijaya C. , Chen Y. C. , Lung S. C. , Hsiao T. C. , Teo T. A. , Shih I. L. , Wu C. D.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The rapid global urbanization has transformed cityscapes, giving rise to iconic skyscrapers that define modern cities. However, alongside this urban evolution, a pressing concern arises –the air quality within these towering urban environments. Fine particulate matter, known as PM2.5, poses a grave threat to human health and the environment. These tiny particles, measuring 2.5 micrometers or less, can penetrate deep into the human respiratory system, posing severe health risks. Due to the limitations of traditional land-use regression models in estimating the variation of air pollution with altitude, this study employs a novel hybrid spatial model to assess the three-dimensional distribution of PM2.5 in the atmosphere.We employ a comprehensive methodology, integrating diverse datasets and advanced modelling techniques, to uncover significant findings. Our analysis reveals the non-uniform nature of PM2.5 distribution, both horizontally and vertically. Variable selection identifies key factors influencing PM2.5 levels, including Broadleaf Forest, Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Height. Our ensemble model demonstrates robust performance, with Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) exhibiting superior predictive capabilities. This study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of environmental factors affecting PM2.5 concentrations in high-rise urban environments, emphasizing the need for targeted air quality management strategies considering both horizontal and vertical variations.
DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION ANALYSIS OF SOUTHERN SIERRA MADRE, PHILIPPINES USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE AND COMMUNITY MAPPING
Authors: Israel K. P. R. , Gabriel M. J. C. , Hintural W. P. , Baldonado M. M. M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Google Earth Engine (GEE) has empowered researchers to map and monitor vegetation cover through the utilization of satellite imagery and cloud-computing resources. This study employed such platform to evaluate deforestation and forest degradation (DFD) in the Southern Sierra Madre Mountain range, where historical and current evidence underscores ongoing degradation. This research endeavors to capitalize on GEE to generate land cover maps for the Southern Sierra Madre region, specifically in General Nakar, Quezon, and in Rodriguez, Rizal and to present the changes that occurred during three specific years: 2016, 2019, and 2022. Community mapping activities were also conducted in these municipalities to further validate the results from GEE. The findings indicate that forested lands predominantly encompassed both municipalities, albeit exhibiting a declining pattern for successive years. Analysis of land cover maps revealed that in General Nakar, most of the forest areas converted to shrublands are found in the barangays of Umiray and Pagsangahan while for Rodiguez, most of the forest areas converted to shrublands were found to be in Marikina Watershed Forest Reserve and in Puray. Community mapping unveiled that DFD factors such as kaingin, infrastructure extension, timber poaching, small-scale mining, charcoal making, and natural hazards are also present in these areas. With the availability of these openly available cloud-computing platforms, aided by inputs from members of the communities, efficient monitoring and implementation of interventions may be realized.
A CFD-BASED AIR QUALITY DISPERSION MODELING FOR URBAN AREAS USING OPENFOAM
Authors: Lastrollo E. B. , Ang M. R. C. O. , Hizon J. R. E.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Air pollution in urban areas posed a significant threat to public health and environmental sustainability. This research addressed the urgent need for accurate air quality monitoring systems in urban environments, focusing on the University of the Philippines-Diliman as the study area. The study used 3D modeling and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate and assess air quality dispersion in the urban setting of the Campus. The research objectives included: (a) developing a 3D model of the Campus using LiDAR and geospatial techniques, (b) modeling the three-dimensional PM2.5 dispersion in the area using CFD, and (c) validating the effectiveness of the CFD-based PM2.5 dispersion model using on-ground air quality monitoring data. The LiDAR and GIS datasets, including Digital Terrain Models, Digital Surface Models, orthophotos, building footprints, and road networks, were utilized to create the 3D campus model. Meteorological data (wind speed, direction, cloudiness, solar irradiation), and emission parameters (pollutant sources and concentrations) were integrated into the model for CFD simulations. SimFlow, an OpenFOAM-based software, facilitated the dispersion modeling process. The study's results revealed the impact of urban factors on PM2.5 dispersion, highlighting challenges in areas with restricted air movement due to buildings and narrow streets. Discrepancies between model predictions and on-ground measurements suggested the influence of unaccounted local factors. Nevertheless, the model demonstrated its utility in capturing general PM2.5 trends. In conclusion, the combination of 3D modeling and CFD simulation proved to be a robust approach for urban air quality monitoring. While improvements were needed to address local influences, this research provided a foundation for better air quality comprehension and urban management, essential for achieving sustainable cities and climate action goals.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TEMPORAL MODEL AND SPATIAL CORRELATION METHODS FOR PERSISTENT SCATTERER DETERMINATION IN LANDSLIDE PRONE AREAS
Authors: Mabaquiao L. C.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Philippines is no stranger to natural hazards. Aside from flooding, landslides emerge as a primary contributor to damage dealt by natural hazards. Traditional methods for landslide monitoring require on-site field measurements, which makes them resource-intensive and time-consuming. Moreover, the frequency of updating of existing landslide hazard maps is limited by resources and manpower. This research introduces the application of remote sensing technology, specifically Persistent Scatter Interferometry (PSI), as a complementary tool for updating hazard maps. PSI enables the identification of stable ground points, eliminating the need for labor-intensive fieldwork and facilitating assessments of potential slope instability. Two distinct PSI processing methods are evaluated in the study; the Temporal Model approach and the Spatial Correlation model approach. Findings reveal that the Temporal Model approach successfully detected 11,647 Persistent Scatterers (PS) points, while the Spatial Correlation approach identified 272,614 PS points. Furthermore, the Spatial Correlation approach demonstrated its capability to detect PS points within high landslide susceptibility areas. Consequently, the results highlight the suitability of the Spatial Correlation approach for detecting PS points, particularly in landslide-prone regions, offering support to local landslide hazard monitoring systems. This research supports the initiative to a more efficient and cost-effective approach to maintaining up-to-date landslide susceptibility maps in the Philippines in enhancing disaster preparedness and mitigation efforts.
MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF TENURE INSTRUMENTS FOR LAND ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Macapinlac O. T. , Templonuevo J. , Salazar R. J.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Unified Map and Data Sharing or UMD-Sharing Project are tools and protocols for the preparation of a unified map for the various tenure instrument. It aims to provide NGAs and LGUs with guidelines on how to effectively utilize several tenure data from various NGA and LGU sources. With varying scales of data sources, in both spatial and textual dimensions, the project aims to explore these dimensions to create the Unified Map’s spatial data model. In general, map is regarded as a basic tool in land administration and management (LAM) and a unified map’s solution of harmonizing these disparate tenure instruments could mitigate conflicts. To implement the Unified Map and to show how data sharing is handled among the different organizations, including the LGUs, the project developed a QGIS plugin interface that can utilize a remote database repository.
LAND COVER CHANGE ANALYSIS OF CARRASCAL, MADRID AND CANTILAN MINING SITES IN SURIGAO DEL SUR USING REMOTE SENSING
Authors: Narciso G. A. M. , Principe J. A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Philippines is recognized as amongst the natural resource-rich countries which has been evident in the influx of extractive industry investors, most specifically in the mining industry. An example of this is the case of mining sites in the municipalities of Carrascal, Madrid, and Cantilan (CMC) in Surigao del Sur region of the Philippines. In this region, development of mining areas was significantly noticeable in a span of seven (7) years since 2015. With this being an alarming case due to its possible negative impacts on the surrounding communities, this study developed an open-source monitoring system of mining activities using remote sensing technologies employing supervised image classification using the Random Forest algorithm. This study is mainly motivated by the need for a monitoring system to ensure responsible mining practices in the country, most especially since there has been an increasing global clamour for a more environmental-friendly and climate-sensitive and sustainable practices. The methodology developed for this study utilized a post-classification change detection approach in which multitemporal land cover (LC) models were produced to capture the land cover changes. To model the LC changes, land cover models for 2015 and 2022 were produced obtaining overall accuracies between 0.93 to 0.95, respectively. Using these models, changes due to mining development were delineated through a multitemporal overlay analysis approach. This change detection model obtained an F1-score of 0.93 indicating high accuracy and satisfactory performance of the model and consequently, the its potential as a mining site monitoring system to achieve the goal of ensuring responsible mining industry practice in the country.
SUPERVISED IMAGE CLASSIFICATION MODEL FOR CORAL BLEACHING DETECTION USING A BI-TEMPORAL SENTINEL-2 IMAGE STACK
Authors: Narciso G. A. M. , Tamondong A. M. , Blanco A. C. , Nakamura T. , Nadaoka K.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Coral reefs are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to coastal and land-based anthropogenic factors. Aside from sudden increase in sea temperatures, external factors such as local and regional disturbances are found to influence coral reef environments which often lead to bleaching events. According to the Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2020 report, from 2009 to 2018, there has been a progressive loss of live corals at the global level which may be attributed to the increasing anthropogenic activities (Souter et al., 2021). Due to coral’s sensitivity to environmental stressors, it is significantly considered as an indicator for global climate conditions. In this regard, this study developed a remote sensing change detection technique to segment coral bleaching from satellite images. Using a bi-temporal image stack composed of Sentinel-2 images showing pre and post bleaching, a machine learning classification model was developed to capture typologies of changes visible between the two images which included bleaching. Random Forest (RF) algorithm was employed to classify changes. This model obtained overall accuracies and kappa statistics of 0.97 and 0.94 respectively with minimum consumer and producer accuracy of 0.91. Moreover, the identified changes showed 78% agreement with the in-situ data composed of 31 monitoring stations distributed around Sekisei Lagoon, Okinawa, Japan. This study demonstrated a promising potential of machine learning for change detection for coral bleaching monitoring.
SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF DENGUE CASES IN CEBU CITY FROM YEAR 2015 TO 2022
Authors: Rejuso A. M. , Sampayan S. C. , Petallo K. V. , Pulaw F. A. , Rodriguez K. C. , Rosales Z. G. , Mumtaz M. , Saber N. I. , Salonga E. L. , Sente A. R. , Silvela A. B. , Krishna K. R. , Pepito Z. P. , Masalunga M. C. , Banaay A. L.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Long-term climate changes, including increased temperature, shift in precipitation, wind patterns, and other climate factors, can disrupt the balance of nature and have significant implications in the transmission of dengue fever. This study investigated the spatial and temporal dynamics of dengue cases in Cebu City, a key metropolitan area in the Philippines characterized by a significant rate of urbanization in recent years. Climate Engine (CE), a cloud-based computing and visualization tool, was utilized in this study for database sources of Landsat 8 pre-processed satellite images. Time-series dataset of land surface temperatures (LST) and varying environmental indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) were examined to investigate the effects of increased urban surface temperatures, expanding urban structures, and diminishing vegetation in Cebu City on dengue cases from 2015 to 2022. The spatial distribution of dengue cases was analyzed through GeoDA to identify hotspots within the city. The annual dengue cases in Cebu City exhibit a temporal trend with a peak in 2016 (4637 cases) and a lowest point in 2021 (399 cases), the year when the pandemic struck. Most dengue cases were recorded between June and December, exhibiting a strong seasonal pattern, and primarily concentrated within the wet season. Barangay Guadalupe topped the number of cases (1781) followed by Barangay Lahug (1219 cases), and Barangay Labangon (1128 cases) from 2015 to 2022. These three residential barangays are in proximity to each other, indicating a potential localized clustering of dengue cases in neighboring areas. The equation derived from the linear regression model serves as a predictive tool for estimating dengue cases in Cebu City and is expressed as Dengue cases = −28.436 + 2.137 (LST) − 13.943 (NDVI) + 8.565 (NDWI) − 10.217 (NDBI). The findings of this study will have practical implications for urban planning and the development of local policies aimed at mitigating the rise in dengue cases.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLOT-ADJUSTED AHI-8/9 AND FY-4A SOLAR RADIATION DATA FOR SOLAR PV POWER POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Sotto M. E. , Bauzon M. D. A. I. , Cañete J. M. , Principe J. A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The theoretical solar photovoltaic (PV) power (PPV) potential in the Philippines has been estimated to range from 1.87 to 3.19 kWh/kWp daily and 681.80 to 1,162.58 kWh/kWp yearly using the shortwave radiation (SWR) product derived from the Advanced Himawari Imager-8 and 9 (AHI-8/9) satellite data. However, solar radiation measurements, especially for satellite-derived data, must be accurate when used to estimate the maximum solar energy available for solar PV power production. The objective of this study is to evaluate the satellite-derived measurements of AHI-8/9 SWR and Fengyun 4A surface solar irradiance (SSI) data products in the estimation of theoretical PPV output in the Philippines. Moreover, selected actual solar PV installation sites located across the Philippines, such as in the cities of Baguio, Cebu, and Tagum, are included in the analysis PV power production data. Both SWR and SSI products were adjusted using the cloud optical thickness (CLOT) product for cloud effects and consequently, obtain the maximum solar PV power potential. In this study, SWR and SSI products were analyzed to determine which factors may have contributed to the differences in the estimated values. The in-situ PV power production data was compared to the two satellite-based solar radiation data to assess the degree of correlation between the two. Diurnal trends for representative areas in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao show that for all sites, the SWR data agrees with the actual PV production data better than the SSI data. Results show that the range of CLOT-adjusted solar irradiance values are higher when using SSI than SWR. It was also observed that CLOT reduces the solar radiation by an average of 19.36%, 16.08% and 10.54% during the cool dry season (December to January), rainy season (June to November) and hot dry season (March to May), respectively. In future studies, the adjusted solar radiation (R') data may be used instead of the raw AHI8 SWR or FY-4A SSI to estimate the theoretical maximum solar PV power potential (PPV). Geomorphological and meteorological factors can also be considered in the estimation of effective PPV.
ASSESSMENT OF SOLAR PV OUTPUT PERFORMANCE WITH VARYING TILT ANGLES AND WEATHER DATA FROM ERA5: CASE OF MUNTINLUPA CITY, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Benitez I. B. , Repedro K. I. , Principe J. A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has been gaining popularity in the Philippines as an alternative source of sustainable energy. In such technology, module tilt angle and weather conditions are among the system parameters that have substantial impacts on PV system performance. Previous studies have considered either tilt angles or weather conditions, but not the combined impact of these two parameters on solar PV power output. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of weather variables and tilt angle on the output of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in Muntinlupa City, the Philippines. Three 120W monocrystalline solar PV panels were used and set up to three different tilt angles (i.e., 5°, 10°, and 15°). The fifth generation of the ECMWF's global climate and weather reanalysis (ERA5) dataset was used to gather hourly weather information such as surface solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, ambient temperature, and total precipitation. Three principal components (PC), which together account for 95% of the variability, were identified using principal components analysis (PCA), which was used to address multicollinearity among the weather parameters. To assess the effects of tilt angle, time, and PCs on solar PV production, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was carried out. Results show that all weather variables, except for wind speed and total precipitation, have a significant impact on solar PV production with configuration producing the best results. Moreover, a significant difference in mean solar PV production was observed among the three tilt angles. From 6:00 AM to 2:00 PM, solar PV output gradually increases and declines thereafter. Outputs this study can help in optimizing the design and configuration of solar PV systems in the Philippines by considering weather variables and module tilt angle. Lastly, this study provides useful information for system designers, installers, and policymakers in improving energy generation and utilization, encouraging the use of renewable energy sources, and advancing sustainable energy objectives.
GIS-BASED REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF AIR QUALITY AND LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN METRO MANILA AIRSHEDS
Authors: Broqueza M. J. , Cruz L. M. , Mana-ay M. , Jamboy A. M. , Ramos R. V.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This study examines the spatial relationship of land surface temperature (LST) derived from MODIS, elevation, and air quality parameters (CO, NO2, and SO2) derived from Sentinel 5P in the Metro Manila airsheds from January 2019 to March 2023. Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Linear Regression (GLR), mean LST and heat index from the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) ground stations exhibit a strong positive correlation, allowing the use of LST for further analysis. Across different combinations between LST, elevation, and air quality parameters, a weak to low negative correlation was seen between DEM to LST, CO, and NO2. In addition, weak to low positive correlation was seen between LST to CO and NO2. Almost no correlation was found between DEM and SO2, and LST and SO2. These results may be unreliable due to overfitting, non-stationarity, bias, or misspecification as implied by their statistical parameters. To enhance the reliability, it is recommended to investigate additional air quality parameters such as Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) as high LST, CO, and NO2 have shown clustering in urban areas of Metro Manila. Moreover, it suggests exploring other regression modeling and methodologies, such as training and test sets, to identify the best-fit model. In conclusion, this study provides an exploratory foundation for future research and comparative assessment on using different methods for modeling these variables. This comprehensive approach enhances understanding of the complex interplay between temperature, elevation, and air quality, aiding the development of informed urban climate adaptation strategies.
INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP OF WATER QUALITY ON LAND COVER CHANGE IN BORACAY ISLAND
Authors: Cabuyadao D. B. , Paladin C. P. , Tamondong A. M. , Medina J. M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Boracay Island, renowned for its pristine beaches, faced challenges arising from haphazard practices on infrastructure and tourism management. A rehabilitation program was initiated which resulted in a significant reconstruction on its land. This study investigates the impact of Land Cover (LC) change caused by the rehabilitation program on water quality parameters (chl-a and TSM) across three key periods: pre-rehabilitation (2017), rehabilitation (2020), and post-rehabilitation (2022). Utilizing Sentinel-2 imagery, quarterly assessments of chl-a and TSM concentrations are conducted to evaluate water quality. The findings revealed significant variations in chl-a and TSM with significance values of 0.043 and 0.014, respectively, within zone 1 of Boracay Island. Post-hoc test revealed differences in chl-a concentrations between 2017 and subsequent years (2020, p = 0.038; 2021, p = 0.036 ; and 2022, p = 0.039) and between 2019 and subsequent years (2020, p = 0.043; 2021, p = 0.041; and 2022, p = 0.044); as well as in TSM concentrations between 2017 and subsequent years (2020, p = 0.006; 2021, p = 0.008; and 2022, p = 0.023) and between 2019 and subsequent years (2020, p = 0.014; 2021, p = 0.019; and 2022, p = 0.049). However, no significant correlation exists between LC and water quality parameters. It is recommended to refine LC classification through high-resolution satellite imagery, consider extended timeframes, and investigate additional water quality parameters. This study contributes valuable insights into Boracay Island’s environmental transformations, guiding sustainable coastal management in similar contexts.
MULTISOURCE AND MULTITEMPORAL LAND COVER MAPPING OF GREATER LUZON ISLAND USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE
Authors: Candido C. G. , Blanco A. C. , Borlongan N. J. B. , de la Cruz R. M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. A variety of research endeavors and practical applications necessitate the use of land cover maps. These maps are valuable for tasks such as change detection, forest monitoring, urban expansion monitoring, natural resource mapping, catering to diverse user requirements. While satellite sensors offer essential data for comprehending spatial and temporal variations in land cover, relying on a single satellite system can be limiting, especially considering the potential hindrance of cloud cover in the case of optical sensors. To enhance temporal frequency, it becomes essential to utilize multiple satellite systems, albeit requiring harmonization to ensure consistent outcomes. This study presents a large-scale annual land cover mapping which utilizes harmonized Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, in conjunction with supplementary data, and a machine learning algorithm. In addition, the use of powerful computational processing platforms such as Google Earth Engine and Google Colaboratory is now a requirement to manage big geospatial data as well as to run different algorithms for processing and analysis.
Tokugawa-French Economic Relations on the Eve of the Meiji Restoration
Authors: Ericson Mark
Published: April 2024

This article examines the efforts of the Tokugawa Bakufu and France to establish an economic dimension to their special relationship in the years before the Meiji Restoration. This aspect of the bilateral relationship is much less known than others, such as the French military mission to train Tokugawa troops and the construction of the Yokosuka naval dockyard. Attempts were made to give France a leading role in the sericulture trade, to establish a joint Japanese-French trading company, and to use Japanese resources as collateral for French financing of the Bakufu’s plans to reform and strengthening its military. The unstable economic situation in Europe, the opposition of rival Treaty Powers, and the sudden Meiji Restoration coup resulted in the failure of these efforts.
Trials and Tribulations of Accessing Corporate Archives in Japan
Authors: Learmouth Tom
Published: April 2024

A lack of accessible corporate archival material has long been a challenge for researchers of Japanese business history. This note digs deeper into the key issues associated with accessing company archives in Japan and proposes several research strategies. It does so by documenting and analysing attempts to access company archives as part of my own research into the absorption of foreign knowledge and technology in the Japanese rubber industry between 1900 and 1965. The assumption is that the lessons from this research project are applicable to corporate archive access issues in Japan more broadly.
Challenges of Implementing Gamification in Medical Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tabassum Afifa
Published: April 2024

The objective of this scoping review was to identify the challenges in implementing gamification in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Three electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed and Pakmedinet were searched for articles published between 2010 and 2021. Eleven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Included articles comprised of 3 original articles, 5 reviews, 1 each of commentary, case study and letter. Majority of the studies (9, 81.8%), addressed administrative and logistic issues. 6 (54.5%) studies analyzed the issues related to learners and 5(45.5%) studies each analyzed the issues due to game design and faculty factors.
In conclusion, the trend of using gamification in medical education is increasing owing to their potential of improvement in learning outcomes and increase in student engagement. But the challenges and barriers to successful gamification implementation need to be analyzed in advance at the institutional level so that strategies to combat these issues may be developed
The Association between Estrogen Levels and Prostate Volume in Obese and NonObese Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Patients
Authors: Khan Afsheen , Khan Naheed , Ahmed Syeda Bushra , Aijaz Asma , Raza Iffat , Haider Shaheen
Published: April 2024

Objective: To investigate the association between prostate volume and estrogen levels in obese and non-obese individuals suffering from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).
 
Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional, analytical study
 
Methodology: The International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) was used in the study to recognize sixty participants with BPH. The study examined patients' height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI). An IPSS score of less than 7 was seen as healthy. Using standardized BMI (25) and waist circumference (90cm), patients were split into two groups, with obese patients being placed in group A and non-obese patients being placed in group B. Using trans-rectal ultrasonography(TRUS), prostate gland's dimensions were measured, and blood samples were taken to determine serum estrogen levels.
 
Results: In comparison to the non-obesity group, which had a mean prostate volume (PV) of 31.21±6.771 ml, the obese group's PV was 36.13±3.673ml. It was statistically significant that there was a difference between the two groups (p=0.001). In the non-obese group, average level of estrogen was 309.72±73.62pmol/l, compared to 328.21±115.05pmol/l in the obese group (p=0.462). Correlation study (r=0.279,p=0.031) revealed a significantly ideal relationship between participants' blood estrogen levels and PV. Among patients who were obese, there was a significant positive correlation among blood estrogen levels and prostate size(r=0.638, p=0.0001).
 
Conclusion: When compared to the non-obese group, obesity significantly raises prostate volume in study participants, leading to benign prostatic hypertrophy. In addition, prostate volume and blood estrogen levels in obese males showed a significant positive association.
Experiences and Challenges faced by Orthodontists while Treating Epileptic Orthodontic Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Naureen Sadia , Kiani Huma Ghazanfar
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences and challenges faced by orthodontists in treating patients with epilepsy.
 
Study Design and Setting: This was a qualitative study conducted in the Orthodontic Department at Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad.
 
Methodology: The study period was almost three months from 4th August 2023 to 30th October 2023. Purposive sampling was done and 11 orthodontists with a minimum of 10 years of clinical experience, who had treated at least one patient with epilepsy in the past 5 years, were selected for an interview. Interviews were conducted in person or virtually, and a topic guide was used. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using framework methodology, with triangulation techniques to minimize bias.
 
Results: All orthodontists were aware of their patients' epilepsy diagnoses, but none knew the specific type. The implementation of the orthodontic treatment strategy was less than optimal. Ceramic brackets were not used in any case. Limited single-arch treatments were preferred by orthodontists in some cases. Seizure and medicine intake history were not taken at every appointment. The emergency anti-epileptic drug was not available in the dental office. The primary challenges reported were patient motivation, poor oral hygiene, gingival hyperplasia, and bracket breakage.
 
Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment of epileptic patients is highly challenging. Modified treatment strategies should be adopted to ensure optimal care for such patients.
Gingival Health Status of Abutment Teeth in Acrylic Removable Partial Denture
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Amjad Amna , Sharif Mubashir , Tasleem Robina
Published: April 2024

Objective: To determine the change in gingival health status of removable partial dentures abutment tooth/teeth after 1month post-insertion
 
Study design and setting : Quasi-Experimental Study, Department of Prosthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi, from October 2021 to April 2022
 
Methodology: The patients underwent a thorough history and clinical examination after formal consent. Prior to recording the impression for provision of acrylic removable partial denture, the baseline scores for gingival index, plaque index and abutment teeth’s periodontal pocket depth were noted. After 30-days of placement of the acrylic removable partial denture, the patient was recalled for follow up and reassessment of score.
 
Results: Out of 90, there were 64 (71.1%) males and 26 (28.8%) females with average age of 31.1±5.8 years. The average value of plaque index at baseline was observed to be 0.39±0.03, while mean value of gingival index at baseline was found to be 0.19±0.01. At 30 days follow up, the mean value of plaque index significantly increased to 1.21±0.07 (p=0.001). Similarly, the mean value of gingival index after 30 days insertion of the acrylic removable partial denture significantly increased to 1.50±0.09 (p=0.001). No significant difference was observed between 30 days post-insertion indices between smokers and non-smokers, males and females, and <30 and >30 years age groups.
 
Conclusion: It is concluded that the gingival health of abutment teeth significantly gets affected due to removable partial denture. The plague and gingival index significantly worsen due to use of removable partial denture within a month’s time.
Assessment of level of Burnout among Health Professionals in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Shehnaz , Shahid Noor , Hassan Mehrunnisa
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The prime objective of this study is to access the level of burnout among healthcare professionals using BAT tool. Also, the association of job satisfaction and workload factors is tested with burnout.
 
Study Design and setting: A cross-sectional multi-centered study in Lahore during the month of August 2022 to Jan 2023. The data was collected from healthcare professionals in three tertiary care hospitals in Lahore. Methodology: The data was collected from clinicians and staff nurses. The required sample size was calculated as 172. Data was collected using Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) proposed by Schaufeli (2020). BAT was initially proposed with 33 items. BAT-S was the proposed 33-item version with four core dimensions and two secondary dimensions. The average score for each dimension was calculated and interpreted as given by Schaufeli in user manual for BAT-S. Results: Exhaustion was high among 55.8% of the participants. Mental distance was high among 34.3% of the participants whereas it was normal among 46.5%. Nearly 90% of the participants were satisfied from their jobs, committed to their jobs and accept responsibilities. Job satisfaction was significantly associated with burnout level. Lack of organizational influence and poor internal communication were statistically significantly related with level of burnout. Conclusion: The study was conducted to highlight the level of burnout among healthcare professionals. We found that very high level of burnout was observed in cognitive impairment followed by emotional impairment. The average level of burnout was more common among participants with job satisfaction and good internal communication.
Unusual Presentation of Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Middle aged Female: A Unique Case Report
Authors: Shahid Madeeha , Fatma Pirhay , Qamar Nazia , Zafar Muhammad Salman , Ali Aun , Hussain Aamir
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all infectious diseases especially in Pakistan where TB is endemic while extra pulmonary TB often encountered. However, primary salivary gland specifically unilateral parotid gland involvement is exceedingly uncommon. We present a case of 38-year old woman with six months duration of right parotid lump. The lump was firm and non-tender with bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. No other constitutional symptoms of TB in our patient except weight loss. We presumed it a parotid neoplasm but after workup it reveals parotid TB which responds to first line anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT). So, careful exclusion of parotid neoplasm prevented unwanted surgery in our patient and patient recovered without any residual disease. We proposed that the differential diagnosis of a parotid gland swelling should include the infrequent possibility of parotid gland tuberculosis.
SaLoRa, Inovasi Kearifan Lokal Kerang Endemik Madura dan Kelayakannya Sebagai Pesaing Saus Tiram Komersil
Authors: Natalia Grace , William Oen Shem , Key Setyawan Fabian , Sudarko Tirta
Published: April 2024

Lorjuk (Solen spp.) adalah sejenis kerang bambu yang bisa ditemukan pada perairan dangkal Indonesia, terlebih selat Madura. Sehingga tidak mengherankan, jika lorjuk menjadi maskot kuliner lokal bagi masyarakat di daerah Surabaya dan Madura. Namun meski produk pangan olahan lorjuk bisa dengan mudah, ternyata masyarakat yang tidak familiar dengan lorjuk masih banyak. Bahkan, ada juga yang belum pernah menyentuh produk olahan lorjuk. Untuk itulah tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menciptakan sebuah produk inovatif dari lorjuk yang menawarkan citarasa modern dan layak dikompetisikan dengan saus penambah rasa komersil, yaitu Saus Lorjuk Nusantara (SaLoRa). Parameter kelayakan produk SaLoRa dalam penelitian ini akan lebih terfokus pada dari segi daya terima masyarakat terhadap atribut mutu saus (warna, rasa, aroma dan kekentalan), serta ketahanan produknya dalam penyimpanan. Sehingga untuk metode penelitian akan dipilih meggunakan pendekatan kualitatif komparatif, menggunakan uji organoleptik tipe deskriptif dan hedonik. Sementara untuk kelayakan daya simpannya, penelitian akan dilakukan secara kuantitatif menggunakan uji kolorimetri guna mengetahui umur simpan produk, serta uji kualitatif melalui pengamatan organoleptik sebagai penguat keabsahan informasi. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa SaLoRa memiliki atribut mutu yang tidak jauh berbeda dari saus tiram komersil, bahkan kualitas rasa SaLoRa lebih unggul dan bisa diterima oleh panelis. Sementara untuk umur simpan SaLoRa yang pada suhu ruang hanya mampu bertahan selama 42 jam, ternyata bisa disiasati dengan penyimpanan dalam lemari es dengan suhu dibawah 5°C.
VIOLATION OF SAFETY RULES AT EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS: FEATURES OF THE NEW EDITION OF ART. 281 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Bakishev Kairat Alikhanovich , Fetkulov Alikjan Khalelovich
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the composition of the violation of safety rules at explosive-hazardous facilities provided for in Article 281 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2014, which underwent certain changes and additions in the process of legal reform carried out within the framework of the Concept of Legal Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2010 to 2020. The authors state that the current version of the disposition in part one of the criminal law norm does not fully cover the signs of an explosive object and therefore does not correspond with the provisions of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 11, 2014 "On Civil Protection", which has an extremely negative impact on law enforcement and the state system of prevention of criminal offences in the field of protection labour. This problem acquires relevance and theoretical and practical significance against the background of the negative dynamics of mortality and occupational injuries that have developed in Kazakhstan recently. The interests of ensuring industrial safety, and protecting the life and health of citizens from the effects of hazardous production factors dictate the need for further improvement of Article 281 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. To concretize the content of the objective side of the criminal offence and ensure the correct legal assessment of the act in law enforcement practice, it is advisable to replace the words "explosive objects and explosive workshops" in the disposition of the criminal law with the words "hazardous production facilities". In this regard, the author's version of Article 281 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan is formulated. In the course of the research, historical, formal-legal, comparative-legal, analytical and logical research methods were applied. The scientific and practical significance of the presented work: further improvement of criminal legislation, investigative and judicial practice in terms of the application of Article 281 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the appointment of a fair sentence.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NORMS OF ILO CONVENTION No.175 ON PART-TIME WORK FOR WORKERS WITH CHILDRENIMPLEMENTATION OF THE NORMS OF ILO CONVENTION No.175 ON PART-TIME WORK FOR WORKERS WITH CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES INTO THE LEGISLATION OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Abaideldinov Yerbol Musinovich , Yergalimova Akbope
Published: April 2024

The relevance of this article is due to the fact that in Kazakhstan, despite a fairly significant amount of legal, socio-economic support for socially vulnerable segments of the population, along with an increase in the total population, the number of people with disabilities does not decrease, and vice versa. The article discusses some issues of improving the national legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of ensuring and protecting the rights of persons with disabilities, including the draft Social Code being developed at the present stage, as well as proposals for the implementation of the relevant provisions of the Bill of Human Rights, in particular, by implementing of the special conventions of the International Labor Organization given in the article in the area under consideration. An analysis of the content of the term "decent work", proposed by the International Labor Organization, has been made. Some ILO documents related to the implementation of the main components of decent work were studied. Some issues of creating conditions for decent work for persons with disabilities (persons with special needs) in the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered. The features of the requirements of the ILO Charter on the procedure for implementing the conventions and recommendations of this international organization in countries that have ratified them (or accepted for consideration, as regards recommendations) are considered, some aspects of the implementation of ILO Convention 175 “On part-time work”, ratified on April 20, 2022, are analyzed years in the draft Social Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, recommendations were given on the consideration of a number of ILO conventions in the field of protection of the rights and employment of persons with disabilities for their ratification.
ARBITRATION PROCEDURE FOR RESOLVING INVESTMENT DISPUTES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ICSID CONVENTION (THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES)
Authors: Akhmadi Marat Askaruly , Nart Serdar
Published: April 2024

The ICSID Convention provides a well-established arbitration system that has been utilized by both states and investors for over 50 years. To date, ICSID arbitration has considered 19 lawsuits filed against Kazakhstan, with the number expected to rise in the future. The aim of this paper is to uncover the content of the ICSID arbitration process. The article examines the jurisdiction of the ICSID, including the criteria for a dispute to be considered for resolution. The paper provides an example of a case in which Kazakhstan challenged the ICSID's jurisdiction. The procedure for ICSID arbitration, starting with the request for arbitration and culminating in a binding arbitral award, is outlined. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of the ICSID system for resolving investment disputes fairly and impartially, and the significance of the binding nature of the arbitral award. The methodology is based on legal literature analysis and a comprehensive literature review of Convention, including its rules and jurisdiction, with a focus on relevant legal precedents and cases involving Kazakhstan. The author emphasizes that the future of global arbitration is facing scrutiny due to the challenges in enforcing ICSID arbitration awards and suggests that reforms are imperative. Additionally, the author notes that arbitration law in Kazakhstan is under-researched and emphasizes the importance of increasing research in this field, as it will assist the country in cultivating its own arbitration lawyers and enhancing the judiciary's understanding of the subject. This will certainly improve the country's image as a place for conducting business and increase its attractiveness for foreign investments.
THE LEGAL STATUS OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND
Authors: Czachor Rafal Richardovich
Published: April 2024

The protection of national minorities is one of the salient goals of a modern legal state. In the Republic of Poland, the number of representatives of national minorities is small but growing rapidly. The legal framework regarding this issue has been in place for almost 20 years, which justifies the general review of the current experience. The following paper discusses the main legal acts regulating this issue in the Republic of Poland. The Constitution of Poland contains general provisions, which were specified in the Law „On National and Ethnic Minorities and Regional Language” adopted in 2005. General obligations for the protection of national minorities are also contained in international legal acts adopted by Poland. The abovementioned law defines and establishes a list of national and ethnic minorities in Poland. This paper reveals that the protection of their rights is based on the following elements: the prohibition of discrimination and assimilation of persons belonging to minorities, the right to use minority languages and the regional language in the public sphere, and the education of minority languages. Additionally, the law establishes the Joint Commission of the Government and Minorities, which ensures the cooperation of public administration bodies with representatives of minorities. The provisions of this law are in line with the provisions of other laws, in particular in the Polish language, which is the only state language. In general, the mechanism for protecting the rights of national minorities adopted in Poland comprehensively regulates this issue. The author it is effective and meets expectations and demands of national and ethnic minorities.