bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Report of Trend for Compliance of Infection Prevention and Control Standards in Tanzania from 2010 to 2017 in Tanzania Mainland
Authors: J Hokororo , E Eliakimu , R Ngowi , C German , R Bahegwa , Y Msigwa , K Kazaura , D Simbeye , A Komba
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The Ministry of Health of Tanzania has been implementing activities to improve infection prevention and control (IPC) practices since 2004. Activities included development of guidelines and standards, procurement of equipment and supplies, training of health workers, and supportive supervision to enhance compliance to standards. Since 2010, a team of experienced National IPC Assessors has been visiting health facilities in Tanzania Mainland to supervise and assess compliance to Standards. This paper, aimed to determine level of compliance to IPC standards using data from 2010 to 2017. Methods: National assessors carried out assessments using IPC Standards tools for Hospitals and Health Centers, through observation, simulations, records and documents review, and interviews. Data was entered in Excel Sheet and analyzed to get facility score in percentage as well as average score of all assessed facilities. Secondary data analysis from 2010 to 2017 has been done to determine compliance to the standards. Results: The baseline IPC standards compliance in all assessed facilities was 32% in 2010, improved to 53% in 2014, and dropped to 34% in 2017. Discussion: The increase in average scores between 2010 and 2014 was contributed by improved implementation of action plans, coupled with IPC advocacy and follow-ups done by partners and the Ministry. Inadequate trainings in some of the assessed facilities contributed to the decrease in compliance in 2017. Conclusion: Compliance to IPC standards in health facilities between 2010 and 2017 is below expected level, and differ by levels of health care delivery. Continued training and follow-up are recommended.
Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Strains Isolated in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Iyamba Jean-Marie Liesse , Agasa Salomon Batina , Hatibu Lukonga , Lukukula Cyprien Mbundu , Monatu Gabriel Mongulu , Vihembo Grégoire Mbusa , Unya Joseph Welo , Ngbandani Benjamin Kodondi , Tshimpangila Junior Disashi , NB Takaisi Kikuni
Published: February 2022

Investigation reports or data on the profiles of microorganisms causing infections, as well as on their respective antibiotic resistance patterns are lacking in the health care institutions present in Kisangani Region. In this purpose, the present retrospective study was carried out, in order to determine the frequency of relevant pathogens and their resistance patterns to commonly used antibiotics in the Laboratoire de Santé Publique (Public Health Laboratory) of Kisangani. Settings and Design: Retrospective study for a period of 5 years, from January 2013 to December 2017, in the Laboratoire de Santé Publique of Kisangani. Materials and Methods: The culture and sensitivity data of the pathogens from different clinical samples were collected from the records of Laboratoire de Santé Publique of Kisangani for study period. Samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey media and incubated at 37°C overnight, and organisms were identified by standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was carried out by Kirby?Bauer disk diffusion method, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: From a total of 1530 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from patient samples, 823 (53.8%) of them were Staphylococcus aureus, 240 (15.7%) Enterobacter sp., 218 (14.2%) Escherichia coli, 113 (7.4%), 44 (3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 34 (2.2%) Streptococcus pyogenes, 30 (2%,0) Proteus mirabilis, 13 (0.8%) Salmonella Typhi, 8 (0.51%) Enterococcus faecalis, 4 (0.2%) Neisseria gonorrhea, and 3 (0.19%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae. The majority of these bacteria pathogens displayed very high multidrug-resistance, particularly to ampicillin and amoxicillin (? 80 %) and to other tested antibiotics. These observations necessitate improving of a rational antibiotic use and call for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, in order to reduce the spread of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria involved in common infections.
The Relationships of Structural Empowerment, Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Commitment in Staff Nurses in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljarameez Faiza , Mary L Baumberger-Henry , Darrell Spurlock , Kim Noble
Published: February 2022

Aim: This study aimed to examine and compare the relationship between empowerment and organizational commitment in Saudi and non-Saudi registered nurses working in Saudi Arabia. The factors that predict organizational commitment among the two study population were also studied. Methods: The study employed a descriptive comparative multivariate correlational research design and selfadministered and a convenience sample of inpatient nurses (N = 398) in three governmental hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Paper and pencil questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regressions with moderation analyses. Results: Statistically significant positive partial correlations were found between empowerment and organizational commitment. Non-Saudi nurses perceived higher levels of empowerment and commitment compared to Saudis. Psychological empowerment had a small moderation effect on the relationship between structural empowerment and continuance commitment. Study findings suggest that fostering empowering environment can improve nurses’ retention and commitment. Conclusions: Structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and organizational commitment have positive relationships among each other. Findings of this study may assist the nursing authority figures understand the relationships between empowerment and organizational commitment among nurses and facilitate the necessary changes to improve the current working conditions.
Foot Care Nurses: Improve Outcomes for Diabetic Patients
Authors: Lopez-Bushnell APRN Frances K. , Haquani BA Sarah M.
Published: February 2022

At a Southwestern Academic Trauma Hospital, there has been a sharp increase of below the knee amputations due to uncontrolled diabetic patient foot diseases. Diabetic patients, who receive preventative care from foot care nurses, are able to reduce the likelihood of foot infections, and improve their health outcomes. These infections result in high medical costs to the healthcare system, medical professionals and the community. Limited access to Podiatrists in a community can delay healthcare for patients suffering from Diabetes, and can cause lifelong disabilities. The IRB approved research found improved outcomes in diabetic patients with lower foot infections, and amputations under the care of foot care nurses. Research has established that diabetic patients who do not have access to preventative podiatry services are susceptible to severe foot ulcers, life-threatening complications, and increased rates of amputation. In New Mexico, diabetes is growing at an epidemic rate with 241,120 people, or 14.1% of the population. 12,000 new diabetic patients are diagnosed every year. Adults living with diabetes have medical expenses almost 3 times higher, than those who do not have diabetes. In New Mexico, medical expenses are estimated at $1.6 billion per year. Foot care nurses can significantly reduce these podiatry complications in diabetic patients. Ten clinic nurses became certified in foot care, and created their own Foot Care Clinics. This was a trial of community care to reduce strain on medical professionals, and to ease the burden of expenditures within the healthcare system. Preventative podiatry services resulted in reduced diabetic foot complications, decreased patient suffering and reducing costs to patients and society. As the increase of diabetic patients are diagnosed every year, these foot care nurses can significantly decrease foot issues in patients living with diabetes.
Medical Cannabinoid in Pain Management after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: RI Songjin , Kang Ilhyok
Published: February 2022

After spinal cord injuries pain remains chronically in many cases and it and its secondary complcations delay their recovery and induce poor prognosis in them. Some drugs such as anticonvulsants (gabapentin, pregabalin), tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, desipramine) and serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (duloxetine) are recommended as the first-line treatment for chronic pain and topical lidocaine (which only acts locally), opioids are additionally recommended as second options. However, chronic pain syndrom remains as a common compaint and non-manageable status in many SCI-patients. In recent years several alternative approaches such as Botulinum toxin A therapy and medical cannabinoids have been studied and recommended more in clinical practice. Actuelly medical use of cannabinoids are allowed in some countries and applied wiedely. Medical cannabinoids have been known as a safe and effective therapy and showed the positive effets in pain reduction and improvement of life quality in SCI patients from previous clinical studies. Further discussion is necessary for the safety and effetive application of medical cannabinoids.
Perceived Knowledge, Experiences, Concerns, and Attitudes to Regulations about Patient Confidentiality in a Maternity Setting: Development and Validation of a Confidentiality Self-Report Instrument
Authors: Mousa Ola , Llaguno Maria Blesilda B. , Belal Safia , Omar Norah Al , Abdelrahem Aml Sayed Ali
Published: February 2022

Background: As patient’s basic rights, privacy and confidentiality are paramount elements to establish a trusting and open doctor-patient relationship. Sometimes, however, there are situations when healthcare providers face some dilemma and fail to provide this to all patents, like in a maternity setting. Therefore, this study is an attempt to design a valid and reliable tool to assess patient’s knowledge, experiences, concerns, and attitudes to regulations pertaining to confidentiality and disclosure of patient information in a maternity setting. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature formed the basis for the design of the 28-item Self-Report Confidentiality Instrument which bridged the gap for the absence of a valid and reliable tool in a maternity setting. The said instrument comprised of four sections. The study was conducted in three phases: Inductive and deductive item generation process, theoretical analysis/ "content validity" or quantitative evaluation, and psychometric analysis/ "construct validity and reliability" or validation. Results: The four dimensions and number of items for the scale are as follow: patient’s knowledge about confidentiality (9 items), experiences with disclosure and confidentiality (4 items), effects of confidentiality concern on seeking care (3 items), and attitudes toward regulations pertaining to patient confidentiality (8 items). The said instrument has both an English and Arabic translations. All the questions were confirmed as valid and reliable. The final version of the Confidentiality Self-Report Instrument (CSRI) had 24 items after deleting four items. Scale reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s Alpha, which is a measure of internal consistency and how closely a set of items are related as a group. The obtained result of the Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.71 in this study is greater than widely considered to be an acceptable level of 0.70.
The Effectiveness of Smartphones Video to Improve Skill Performance and Confidence of Student Nurses in Performing Hygiene Care
Authors: Bokari Umi Kalsum , Ahmad Aini , Mustafa Nurul Fariza Muhammad , Yusof Puziah , Kunjukunju Annamma
Published: February 2022

Self Confidence is a crucial component for students to achieve effective clinical performance. Lacking confidence may affect clinical skills performance which later can cause consequences in the safety of care delivered by the student nurses. This study proposes a method to use video on smartphones in teaching hygiene care nursing procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of video of hygiene care on the skills and confidence of nursing students. The main contributions of video using smartphones have a great potential to provide clinical nursing education that is accessible, relevant, and supports patient safety. This study used a quasi-experimental, pre- test, and post-test design. Seventy-one students divide into thirty-six students in the control group and thirty-five students in the intervention group. The intervention group used a validated video on hygiene care on a smartphone, and the control group only used their nursing procedure book. Both groups were assessed for confidence level using the Confidence Scale and for the skill using Skill Performance Checklist as a pre-test. The same group of students were reassessed after a four-week intervention for post-test. Using descriptive analysis, independent t-test, and paired t-test. Pre-test confidence score, no significant difference in mean in both groups compared to a post-test confidence score. There is a substantial difference between the control and intervention groups. The mean confidence score between the pre-test and the post-test was significantly different (p <0.001,95% CI of the mean difference (-10.038, -9.229). After the test, the total skill performance score improved from the total skill performance score before the test with a mean difference of -29.789. The mean Skill Performance Score before and after was significantly different (p <0.001, 95% CI of the mean difference (-31.515, -28.063). The creation of video in the study serves as a roadmap for future research, particularly electronic learning in nursing education and other hospitals.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice on Malaria Prevention and Treatment among Pregnant Women in Karatu District, Arusha Region, Tanzania
Authors: Gemuhay Helena Marco , Kadeso Alando Peter , Mlundi Simon , Sungwa Edson , Kibona Shangwe , Malale Kija , Kavana Nicholas
Published: February 2022

The spread of Malaria has been increasing rapidly in many Sub-Saharan countries including Tanzania. The increase in mortality rate caused by Malaria among people including pregnant women is contributed mainly by the absence of sufficient knowledge, attitudes, and practices of how to prevent and treat Malaria. This study explored knowledge, attitudes, and practice among pregnant women in Malaria prevention and treatment in Endabash Ward, Karatu District, Tanzania. Pregnant women are vulnerable to Malaria due to invasion of the placenta by Plasmodium. This study involved a Descriptive Cross-Sectional Design. The study used Mixed Approach. Data were collected through In-Depth Interview (IDI), Focused Group Discussion (FGD), and Questionnaire. It was found that the majority of pregnant women had an understanding of the meaning, transmission, signs and symptoms and ways of preventing and treating Malaria. However, there were some pregnant women who still lacked knowledge on this condition. It is recommended that policy-makers should improve knowledge and control strategies on Malaria in this population.
Effects of Climate Change on Human and Social Livelihood Assets of Rural Farm Families in Orlu Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: J.O Ajaero , G.O Aminu , J.U Chikaire
Published: February 2022

The study investigated the effect of climate change on human and social livelihood assets of rural farm families in Orlu agricultural zone of Imo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to ascertain rural farmers’ awareness of climate change, and identify sources of information on climate change and to describe the effect of climate change on the human and social livelihood assets of the rural farmers. A purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting a sample size of 120 farm families. Data were collected with structured questionnaire and mean; percentage were used to analyze the data. The result showed that the major evidence of climate change includes increased temperature, unpredictable rainfall pattern, drought, flooding, increased precipitation, crop damage and among others. Climate change affects the livelihood of rural people and can be seen in the effects it has on their human and social capita assets in the following ways - loss of human lives, food shortage, hunger and malnutrition, increased disease incidence, reduction in household. Other effects include prevention of assistance from members of social groups to farmers and rural people at large, interruption of familiar social linkages of the poor, widows, disruption of linkages to formal and informal community organization.
Combining the Theory of Planned Behavior, The Expected Utility Theory, and Diffusion of Innovation Theory to Analyze Factors Affecting Farmers’ Intention to Use Pesticides: The Case Study of Quang Nam Province in Vietnam
Authors: Tinh Luong , Que Nguyen Dang , Hien Nguyen Hoang , Le Dang Thanh , Manh Trung Vu Hoang
Published: February 2022

The main purpose of this study is to examine the farmers' intention of pesticide use by using a combination of the theory of planned behavior, the expected utility theory, and the diffusion of innovation theory. The data were collected from 362 farmers in Quang Nam from April to December 2020 and were analyzed by a structural equation model. The analysis results show that farmers' intention to use pesticides is affected by many variable groups from the above theories. The combination of these theories limits the disadvantages of applying only one theory into studying the farmers’ intentions of pesticide use.
Molecular Biology of Lung Carcinosarcoma: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Chrysanthakopoulos Nikolaos Andreas
Published: February 2022

Lung Carcinosarcoma (LCS) is a rare, malignant aggressive biphasic tumor with an unfavorable prognosis, high mortality rate, and is composed of a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal elements. The epithelial or carcinomatous element is most commonly squamous followed by adenocarcinoma, whereas the mesenchymal or sarcomatous element commonly contains the main component of the tumor and shows poorly differentiated spindle cell characteristics. Moreover, other foci of differentiated sarcomatous elements such as chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma may be observed. LCS accounts for less than 0.1% of all lung cancers, has a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and early metastases. It has been estimated that the median survival time is 9 (3-25) months, a prognosis poorer than other non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). According to the most recent 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, pleomorphic carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, lung blastoma, spindle cell carcinoma, and carcinosarcoma consist a heterogeneous category of primary lung cancer accounting from 0.3% to 3% of all primary lung malignancies, known as lung sarcomatoid carcinoma, depending on the observed morphology. Although genetic mutations of some common lung cancer subtypes have been extensively investigated, the molecular characteristics of LCS and the existence of abnormal target genes still remain unknown.
Health Care Disparities in the Utilization of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Services Among Ambulatory Care Patients in the United States
Authors: Sahakian Yelena , Krzyzewski Kirstin , Herrebout Liam , Yanni Monica , Mapara Bushra , Shukla Druti , Khaliq Tehreem , Rahman Hafsa , Cukovic Lejla
Published: February 2022

Background: Exercise routines, diet management, education and Medication Therapy Management (MTM) have shown to improve glycemic control, lower blood pressure and body weight. While the majority of patients are on some form of weight management, many do not receive professional guidance to create their diet plan. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if the utilization of type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention services were impacted by patient and physician characteristics in visits to ambulatory providers in the United States. Findings: A total of 1,932 patients with a primary diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were extracted from the 2017 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey database, collected by the National Center of Health Statistics. The patients’ age, sex, race, gender, region, insurance and physician characteristics were among the demographic variables studied. The prevalence of lifestyle preventive services, including exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, patient education or counseling, were analyzed. Patients older than 61 years and white patients were offered more exercise therapy than their comparable demographics. The southern region of the U.S. and patients with Medicaid or state insured plans were offered and utilized the most exercise therapy, nutrition therapy and education. Family practice physicians and internists defined as primary care physicians offered the most exercise therapy, nutrition therapy and education services. Majority of the studied population were not offered exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, or education services, indicating the need for more preventative lifestyle services. Conclusions: Overall, the findings of this study revealed that there was a significant difference in the utilization and offering of preventive resources amongst various demographic groups and physician characteristics. This confirms the prevalence of disparities in the U.S. Healthcare System and calls for the need to narrow this gap both at the policy and community level.
Persepsi Masyarakat tentang Agroforestri di Desa Sumberejo Poncokusumo Malang
Authors: Purnomo Adi Suryo , Laili Saimul , Zayadi Hasan
Published: February 2022

The affected agricultural land from the rate of conversion is approximately 100,000 ha / year, while 40,000 ha / year of new agricultural land can be printed by the government.  Population growth, land tenure by farmers has diminished in size. The area of â€‹â€‹land ownership in 2012, per farmer is approximately 0.22 ha. It is estimated that it will decrease by 0.18 ha in 2050. This condition makes farmers' welfare decreases due to the inefficient land for farming. The research was conducted on 28 January - 28 February 2019 in 2 locations, Jajang Hamlet and Wonokerto Hamlet which were included in Sumberejo Village, Sumberejo Village at 980 meters above sea level. Sumberejo Village is one of the villages included in the Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency. The data obtained in the form of images were obtained through direct observation at the location of the study. From the exploration carried out found 27 types of supporting plants (shade and interlude) consisting of trees and other commodity crops. In this case the problem of the Sumberejo village plantation community from the one we interviewed directly complained about the lack of knowledge about plants suitable for agroforestry and knowledge about hatcheries and buffer plants. Based on the value of the perceptions of the percentage of Wonokerto and Jajang Hamlet communities the highest score was 93% related to the mixed cropping system problem, while the lowest percentage value was found in the knowledge about 79% in Jajang Hamlet and 80% in the Wonokerto Hamlet perception.
Gangguan Fase Generatif Akibat Genangan Berulang pada Cabai Rawit
Authors: Pahlevi Muhammad Rizza , Kurniahu Hesti
Published: February 2022

Cayenne pepper is a cultivated plant that is susceptible to flooding caused by poor drainage systems on agricultural land. Plants are more sensitive to flooding in the generative phase. The generative phase of the plant begins when it is approaching the flowering process until it bears fruit. The objectives of this study to examined the impact of cayenne pepper cultivar selection and repeated flooding on the average flowering time, fruiting time and the percentage of fruit loss. Three types of cayenne pepper cultivars were used, namely Mhanu XR, Sret and Cakra Hijau. Repeated flooding treatments were flooding 1 time, 2 times, 3 times and control without flooding. The data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA statistical test. The results indicated that cultivar selection had a significant influence on the average flowering time, fruiting and fruit loss percentage. Meanwhile, repeated flooding and interaction between cultivars and repeated flooding had no significant effect on flowering time, fruiting and the percentage of fruit loss. The conclusion shows that the three cultivars of cayenne pepper have different responses to repeated flooding on the parameters of the time of flowering, fruiting and the percentage of fruit loss with the most adaptive cultivar, namely Cakra Hijau. The Cakra Hijau cultivar can be a good candidate in poor drainage than the Mhanu XR and Sret cultivars.
KREATIVITAS, INOVASI, DAN PRODUKTIVITAS DI ERA MERDEKA BELAJAR MELALUI TRANSPFORMASI E-LEARNING
Authors: Sari Ike Dian Puspita , Pusparini Indrawati , Adi Adi
Published: February 2022

The development of science and technology increasingly encourages renewal efforts in the use of technological results in the learning process. Media that can support learning include computer media. In the era of pandemic, distance learning is very much needed and recommended to suppress the spread of COVID 19. There are many learning media platforms that can be used during distance learning today. Teachers are required to develop skills in making media or developing learning media because the methods and learning media used by teachers greatly affect the results of the teaching and learning process. Thus, there is a need for training in making online-based learning media that will be used during a pandemic and distance learning.
OPTIMALISASI NILAI TAMBAH DAN DIGITAL MARKETING PADA PRODUK OLAHAN BLIMBING DI DESA KALANGAN NGUNUT
Authors: Umami Nailariza , Sri W.H. Maria Aghata , Muliawati Novita Eka
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this social service was to optimize the potential development of fresh star fruits by increasing added value to increase innovation of star fruit processed products, brand and marketing strategies trhough digital marketing in Kalangan Village, Ngunut District. The methods used in this community service activity were lectures, discussions, demonstrations and direct practice. The work plan was programmed within 1 month. The results of this service activity are the increasing knowledge of community groups in Kalangan Ngunut Village in terms of digital marketing and innovation of starfruit processed products. Besides, people in Kalangan Ngunut village can directly practice digital marketing to promote starfruit products. In addition, they also can apply innovations to process fresh starfruit into processed products in the form of starfruit dates as well as package and label the product into more interesting way. In addition, the activities also increase public awareness to always improve innovation and strategies in building entrepreneurship in order to help their businesses to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Türkiye'de Jeotermal Elektrik Enerjisi Üretimi İçinde Aydın İlinin Yeri ve Önemi
Authors: TUNÇBİLEK Ömer Faruk , YILMAZ Mutlu
Published: February 2022

Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları fosil yakıtlar ile kıyaslandığında çevresel etkileri bakımından zararsız, sürdürülebilir ve temiz kaynaklardır. Ayrıca bu enerji kaynaklarında dışa bağımlı olma durumu söz konusu değildir. Bu yüzden dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye'de de yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından elektrik üretimine hız vermiştir. Türkiye'de yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarını kullanarak elektrik üretimini teşvik amacı ile mevzuatların kolaylaştırılması ve devlet desteğinin arttırılması bu enerji kaynaklarına olan yatırım artmıştır. Son yıllarda Türkiye'de başta rüzgâr ve güneş enerjisi daha sonra ise diğer yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları yatırımları giderek yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Bu enerji kaynaklarından birisi de Türkiye'de potansiyel bakımdan bol bulunan jeotermal enerjidir. Jeotermal enerji; yenilenebilir, sürdürülebilir, ucuz, kolay edilebilir, güvenilir, çevre dostu ve yeşil bir enerji türüdür. Ancak yatırım öncesinde doğru planlama ve fizibilite çalışmaları yapılmazsa, çevreye kalıcı ciddi hasarlar verebilmektedir. Jeotermal enerji kaynaklarından elektrik üretimi son yıllarda Türkiye'de bir hayli artış göstermiştir. Özellikle Ege Bölgesi ve özelinde Aydın İli jeotermal enerjiden elektrik üretiminde ilk sırada gelmektedir. Bu makalede yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları hakkında genel bir bilgi verilerek, Aydın İlindeki mevcut elektrik üretim faaliyetlerine ve jeotermal enerji üretiminin Aydın'daki yerine değinilecektir. Geçmişten günümüze jeotermal enerji santrallerinin tarihsel gelişimi hakkında bilgi verilerek, Aydın İlinde faaliyet gösteren santrallerden ve Türkiye'nin elektrik üretimindeki payından bahsedilecektir.
II. Meşrutiyet'ten Cumhuriyet'e İstanbul Gündelik Hayatında Tango
Authors: EREL ÇALAN Zeynep Gül , ALİOĞLU TÜRKER Özlem , KARAMOLLAOĞLU Umut
Published: February 2022

Arjantin tango ortaya çıkışından kısa bir süre sonra Avrupa'ya ve neredeyse tüm dünyaya yayılmıştır. Literatürde Türkiye'nin tango ile Cumhuriyet döneminde tanıştığı ve yüksek kültürün bir parçası olduğu öne sürülmektedir. Döneme dair arşiv belgeleri, gazete ve dergiler incelendiğinde İstanbul'da tangonun Avrupa ile yaklaşık olarak eşzamanlı bilindiği, dinlendiği ve hatta dans edildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Tangonun, Cumhuriyet Balolarının sembolü olmadan önce İstanbul'da gündelik hayatın ve popüler kültürün bir parçası haline gelmeye başladığı görülmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, tangonun Türkiye'deki yolculuğunu II. Meşrutiyet döneminden Cumhuriyet'in ilk yıllarına müzik, dans ve mekânlar bağlamında takip ederek aynı dönemdeki toplumsal dönüşüm ile ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır.
Magazin Dergilerinde Erkek Kimliğinin Sunumu: Gentlemen ve Cosmopolitan Dergileri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme
Authors: KARAKULAK Ali Can , BAYSAL Hatice
Published: February 2022

Geçmişten günümüze insan bedeninin çıplaklığı ve içerdiği mesaj, medya sektöründe birçok yönden alıcısının/izlerkitlenin ilgisini çekmeyi başarmıştır. Okuyucunun ilgisini çeken ticari amaçlarla metalaştırılmış insan bedeni; görselliğin hayatımızdaki yerini arttırmasıyla da literatürde üzerinde çalışmalar yapılan bir alan olarak öne çıkmaya başlamıştır. Kadın bedeninin sıradanlaştırıldığı günümüz magazin dergilerinde artık izlerkitlenin dikkatini çekebilecek bir unsur olarak erkek bedeni kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, insan bedeninin; tüketici kitlenin ilgisini çekmeye yönelik bir araç olarak nasıl kullanıldığı ve erkek bedeninin bu çerçevede nasıl konumlandırıldığı bu araştırmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma, Gentlemen ve Cosmopolitan isimli iki farklı derginin, dört farklı sayısı üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, Gentlemen ve Cosmopolitan dergilerinin erkek bedenini nasıl işlediklerine yönelik bulguların toplanılması ve toplanan bulguların erkek bedeninin nasıl araçsallaştırıldığı ve hangi mesajları iletmekte kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Dergilerde yer alan görseller daha iyi okuma yapılabilmesi için çeşitli kategorilere ayrılmış; metinler ve görseller arasındaki ilişki, okuyucuya verilmek istenen mesajlar; anlam ve yan anlam boyutunda incelenmiştir. Gentlemen ve Cosmopolitan dergilerinin Temmuz 2019 ve Mart 2020 sayılarının rastlantısal örneklem olarak belirlendiği araştırmada, nitel analiz yöntemlerinden, karşılaştırmalı betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca araştırma kapsamında, konuyla ilgili daha önce gerçekleştirilmiş araştırma verileri irdelenmiş olup analiz unsuru olarak semiyotik biliminden de yararlanılmıştır.
Mehmet Şemseddin Günaltay'ın Bilim Tarihindeki Yeri
Authors: TÜRKMENOĞLU Bihter
Published: February 2022

İlim ve fikir adamı olarak İslam bilim ve felsefesine dair eserler bırakan, siyasetçi olarak Cumhuriyet döneminde başbakanlık yapan Mehmet Şemseddin Günaltay (1883-1961) ülkemizin mümtaz isimlerinden biridir. Daha çok tarihçi ve siyasetçi kimliği ile bilinen Günaltay'ın eserleri incelediğinde mensubu olduğu uygarlık çevresinin yani İslam Dünyası'nın bilim ve felsefe tarihiyle ilgili tafsilatlı araştırmalar yaptığı görülmektedir. Bu makalede Günaltay'ın Türk- İslam bilim tarihçiliği açısından değerlendirilmesi yapıldı ve onun tarih araştırmaları literatürüne bilim tarihi yazımını da eklediği saptandı.
Komodor David Porter'in İstanbul Maslahatgüzârlığı
Authors: GÜRER Ahmet Şamil
Published: February 2022

Osmanlı-Amerikan ilişkileri 1830 Ticaret Anlaşmasındaki Osmanlı taleplerinin Birleşik Devletler kongresi tarafından reddinden kaynaklanan diplomatik bir krizle başlamıştır. Bâbıâli'nin bu anlaşmadan beklentisi Osmanlı donanmasının modernizasyonunda Amerikan teknik yardımını içeriyordu. Osmanlı tüccarlarının Amerika ile neredeyse hiç ticari ilişkisinin bulunmadığı dikkate alındığında anlaşmanın teknik yardım meselesi ile ilgili kısmının reddi ile anlaşma Osmanlı tarafı açısından bütün anlamını yitirmektedir. Kongrenin kararına müdahale edemeyen Birleşik Devletler Başkanı Andrew Jackson anlaşmanın Bâbıâli tarafından feshini önlemek için İstanbul'a gayri resmi yollardan dönemin yetenekli gemi inşaat mühendislerinden Henry Eckford'u göndermiştir. Aynı tarihlerde İstanbul maslahatgüzarı olarak atanan Birleşik Devletler'in ünlü donanma komutanlarından David Porter'in öncelikli görevi Bâbıâli'yi ikna ederek anlaşmanın yürürlüğe girmesini sağlamaktı. İstanbul'a vardığında diplomatik rütbesi ve Amerikan diplomasisinin hatalarından kaynaklanan başka meseleler dolayısıyla uzunca bir süre Reisülküttâb ile bile görüşemeyen Porter Osmanlı donanmasının modernizasyonunda danışmanlık yapacağına dair Bâbıâli'ye verdiği yazılı teminatla anlaşmanın onaylanmasını sağlamıştır. Sonraki süreçte teminatını yerine getirmesi ve bizzat Sultan II. Mahmud ile geliştirdiği kişisel dostluğu Amerikan diplomasisinin Bâbıâli nezdinde zedelenmiş olan itibarının restorasyonunda büyük rol oynamıştır. Bu çalışma yukarıda bahsedilen hususları David Porter'in mektupları ve hatıraları çerçevesinde incelemektedir.
Örgütsel Çatışma Kültürünün Çalışan Öznel İyi Oluşu Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: EROL KORKMAZ Habibe Tuğba
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı çalışan öznel iyi oluşunun yordayıcısı olarak örgütsel çatışma kültürünün incelenmesidir. Gelfand ve arkadaşlarının (2008) önerdiği makro çatışma kültürü tipolojisi temel alınarak dört farklı kültür ele alınmıştır; Zorlayıcı kültür, İşbirliği kültürü, Kaçınmacı kültür ve Pasif-agresif kültür. Çalışan öznel iyi oluşunu ölçmek için işteki olumlu duygulanım, işteki olumsuz duygulanım ve iş doyumu kavramları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını bir devlet üniversitesinde görev yapan 388 personel oluşturmaktadır. Yürütülen bir dizi standart çoklu regresyon analizi bulgularına göre işteki olumlu duygulanım işbirliği çatışma kültürü tarafından yordanmaktadır (açıklanan varyans %24); işbirliği kültürü arttıkça çalışanların işte deneyimledikleri olumlu duygular da artma eğilimindedir. İşteki olumsuz duygulanımı ise pasif-agresif çatışma kültürü yordamaktadır (açıklanan varyans %33); birimdeki pasif-agresif kültür arttıkça çalışanlar daha fazla olumsuz duygular tecrübe etmektedirler. İş doyumu ise işbirliği kültürü ve kısmen pasifagresif kültür tarafından yordanmaktadır (açıklanan varyans %38). İşbirliği kültürü arttıkça ve pasif-agresif kültür azaldıkça, çalışanların iş doyumları artma eğilimindedir. Ek olarak yürütülen tekrarlı varyans analizi sonucunda kültür boyutları arasında anlamlı fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yürütülen Bonferrroni ikili karşılaştırma bulgularına göre katılımcı grubunda zorlayıcı kültür anlamlı düzeyde diğer kültürlerden daha yaygın iken, işbirliği kültürüne ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde diğer kültürlerden daha az rastlanmaktadır. Bu bulgular ışığında örgüt yöneticilerinin işbirliği kültürünü teşvik etmek ve pasif-agresif davranışlarla baş etmek için yapabilecekleri tartışılmaktadır.
Beylikdüzü Organize Sanayi Bölgesi'nin Mekânsal Etkileri
Authors: OLĞAÇ İrem , DOĞAN Mesut
Published: February 2022

Sanayi faaliyetleri, bazen bir tesis bazen de bir bölge olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Farklı üretim kollarında faaliyet yürüten sanayi işletmelerinin bir arada bulunmasını ifade eden sanayi bölgelerinin, planlı bir şekilde ortaya çıkması “organize sanayi bölgesi” kavramıyla belirginleşmektedir. Organize Sanayi Bölgeleri ilk kurulduklarında planlı şehirleşme ve sanayi kuruluşlarının aynı alanda toplanmasını hedeflerken daha sonraki yıllarda bölgeler arasında gelişmişlik farklarını ortadan kaldırmak, istihdamı arttırmak ve çevreyi korumak gibi amaçları da hedef almıştır. Ülkemizde şehir içinde plansız bir şekilde kurulan sanayi kuruluşları 1960'lı yılların başında gündeme gelen ve ikinci yarısında da uygulamaya konulan organize sanayi bölgeleriyle birlikte daha düzenli bir alanda faaliyet göstermeye başlamıştır. Günümüzde gelişimini batı yönünde de devam ettiren İstanbul'un en hızlı gelişen bölgelerinden biri de Beylikdüzü'dür. 2000 yılına kadar durağan bir gelişme gösteren ilçe bu tarihten itibaren özellikle 2002 yılında Beylikdüzü Organize Sanayi Bölgesi'nin kurulmasıyla hızlı bir gelişim sürecine girmiştir. Beylikdüzü'nün gelişip ilçe statüsü kazanmasında bölgede uygulanan sanayi politikaları ve 2002 yılında kurulan Beylikdüzü Organize Sanayi Bölgesi'nin etkisi oldukça büyüktür. Kurulduğu günden bugüne bölgenin mekânsal dokusu üzerinde önemli değişikliklere neden olan Beylikdüzü Organize Sanayi Bölgesi, yerleşim alanlarının kurulup gelişmesinde önemli rol oynayarak şehirsel gelişime katkıda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmayla İstanbul megapolü içerisinde yer alan Beylikdüzü'nde 2002 yılında faaliyete geçen Beylikdüzü Organize Sanayi Bölgesi'nin ilçe gelişimindeki mekânsal etkileri incelenmiştir.
Long-term change in relative humidity across China from 1961-2018
Authors: Guo J , Chen S
Published: February 2022

Using observational data of daily relative humidity obtained from 2479 meteorological stations from 1961-2018 and the homogenized monthly data set of national ground meteorological stations, this paper analyzes the climate change characteristics of average relative humidity across China as well as in 9 individual regions. From 1961-2018, the climate change trend in annual average relative humidity across China was negligible, but there were large differences among different regions. Overall, annual relative humidity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Xinjiang area showed a significant increase, while Northwest China, Northeast China and northern North China showed a significant decrease. Seasonally, average relative humidity in China chiefly decreased in spring, and there was no discernable trend in other seasons. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau showed a significantly increasing trend in winter, spring and summer, especially in spring; Xinjiang exhibited a significant increasing trend in winter, summer and autumn; Northeast China presented a significantly decreasing trend in winter; Northwest China, North China, Central China and East China witnessed a significantly decreasing trend in spring; and South China and Southwest China showed a slightly decreasing trend across all 4 seasons. Large urban agglomerations exert an influence on relative humidity to some degree, with urban areas experiencing lower relative humidity than rural areas.
Research Analysis of Built Environment as a System: Implementing Research Through Design Methodology
Authors: Suberi Hari Kumar
Published: February 2022

Building is a process of technology that enables human wellbeing by engaging a multitude of stakeholders. However, it is often seen in the literature that all stakeholders involved in the building process are disintegrated, which seems to be a management and systemic orientation problem when trying to address the built environment as a sustainable system design. That means the design and design aesthetics of any building cannot be simply influenced by technological revolution and efficiency improvements to attain the three pillars of sustainable development. A systemic transformation of the whole process is a pre-requisite, which is complex and oft underestimated mainly due to the lack of subjective characteristics involved available for transformation research, that addresses policy choice in the development of a paradigm shift. Addressing built environment as a system for transformation research practice, this study extensively reviewed the UNEP built environment report to identify global variables that define the roughly correct system as an artifact to be studied. The UNEP report covers the system level transformation requirement until 2003, which seems to be more or less the same in almost all the research studies as of now. Using the Vester Sensitivity Model, the roughly correct built environment as a system is analyzed to identify the future leverage potential and variables’ interdependency. The in-depth systems analysis indicates global variables Enabling condition and New material are potential system leveraging variables for built environment system transition to sustainable design, which require further scrutiny. The leveraging variables are influenced by other global variables which can only be negotiated for sustainable development goal actualization for future success.
Upregulation of Neogenin-1 by a CREB1-BAF47 Complex in Vascular Endothelial Cells is Implicated in Atherogenesis
Authors: Li Nan , Liu Hong , Xue Yujia , Chen Junliang , Kong Xiaocen , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: February 2022

Atherosclerosis is generally considered a human pathology of chronic inflammation, to which endothelial dysfunction plays an important role. Here we investigated the role of neogenin 1 (Neo-1) in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induced endothelial dysfunction focusing on its transcriptional regulation. We report that Neo-1 expression was upregulated by oxLDL in both immortalized vascular endothelial cells and primary aortic endothelial cells. Neo-1 knockdown attenuated whereas Neo-1 over-expression enhanced oxLDL-induced leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Neo-1 regulated endothelial-leukocyte interaction by modulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity to alter the expression of adhesion molecules. Neo-1 blockade with a blocking antibody ameliorated atherogenesis in Apoe−/− mice fed a Western diet. Ingenuity pathway analysis combined with validation assays confirmed that cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) and Brg1-associated factor 47 (BAF47) mediated oxLDL induced Neo-1 upregulation. CREB1 interacted with BAF47 and recruited BAF47 to the proximal Neo-1 promoter leading to Neo-1 trans-activation. In conclusion, our data delineate a novel transcriptional mechanism underlying Neo-1 activation in vascular endothelial cells that might contribute to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
Performance Evaluation of In Vitro Screening and Diagnostic Kits for Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Murayama Asako , Momose Haruka , Yamada Norie , Matsubayashi Keiji , Muramatsu Masamichi , Hamaguchi Isao , Kato Takanobu
Published: February 2022

Aim

A reliable kit with high sensitivity and specificity is indispensable for diagnosing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Detection kits for anti-HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) are used for screening, and quantification kits for HCV RNA and HCV antigen (Ag) are used for the definite diagnosis of HCV infection or the evaluation of the pathological condition of and therapeutic effects in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Several kits are currently available for these purposes and are provided for clinical use in Japan. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of these kits.

Methods

We used International Standards for HCV RNA and HCV Ag and a regional reference panel to evaluate the performance of thirteen anti-HCV, five HCV RNA, and two HCV Ag kits.

Results

All specimens in the regional reference panel were diagnosed correctly by all anti-HCV kits, although the distributions of the quantified values varied, and the ratios of titer classification were not identical across kits. All HCV RNA kits quantified the International Standard with minimum deviation and diagnosed the specimens of the reference panel correctly. The quantified values of the International Standard by two HCV Ag kits were inconsistent. HCV Ag titers of some specimens were underestimated owing to the amino acid polymorphisms in comparison with HCV RNA titers.

Conclusions

The evaluation with International Standards and the regional reference panel was useful for assessing the quality of screening and diagnostic kits for HCV infection, and such quality control is essential for the clinical usage of these kits.
Prospective Evaluation of Positivity Rates of Aspergillus-Specific IgG and Quality of Life in HIV-Negative Tuberculosis Patients in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Oladele Rita O. , Gbajabimiala Titi , Irurhe Nicholas , Skevington Suzanne M. , Denning David W.
Published: February 2022

Background

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) often results in residual anatomical and functional changes despite microbiological cure and may be complicated by chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). In this study, we determined the perceived health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients during and after PTB therapy and compared it with their quantitative Aspergillus-specific IgG positivity rates.

Methodology

We conducted a longitudinal study among TB patients attending two directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS) clinics in Lagos, Nigeria. Two hundred and four confirmed TB patients were recruited over 9 months, with five visits at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. They were all acid-fast bacilli smear, GeneXpert, or culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Two HRQoL questionnaires translated into Yoruba were self-administered. Chest X-ray and Aspergillus IgG were collected at each visit.

Results

A total of 204 participants were recruited into this study. Most (70.6%) were age 18–39 years, and only 3.9% were above 60 years; 66.7% of all participants were males. A total of 189 (92.6%) participated in the 3-month assessment, 174 (85.3%) at 6 months, 139 (68.1%) at 9 months, and 99 (48.5%) at 12 months. At baseline, only 60.9% scored “good” or “very good” QoL and health on the WHOQOL-Bref, which improved to 77% at 6 months. At baseline, 10.4% had positive Aspergillus IgG levels, 15.1% at 3 months, 11.5% at 6 months, 16.7% at 9 months, and 19.3% at 12 months. Those with a positive Aspergillus IgG at 6 months had worse physical health (p = 0.001), psychological state (p = 0.002), social relationships (p = 0.006), and environmental QoL (p = 0.001) domains of the WHOQOL-Bref. Probable CPA was 10.4% at baseline and 19.3% at 6 months post-PTB therapy. Thirty-eight (18.6%) relocated after 6 months of treatment, 16 (7.8%) were lost to follow-up, and 11 (5.4%) died.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal a significant relationship between the QoL and Aspergillus IgG levels of TB patients. Further follow-up studies and additional imaging are required to determine when patients develop CPA and its clinical impact.