bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apprehending digital hostility and online abuse: Feminist care ethics in/and digital ecologies
Authors: Cover Rob
Published: October 2024

The experience of digital platforms in the 2020s is often marked by a lack of ethical care: increasing rates of online abuse, trolling and adversarial speech in many cases lead to harmful outcomes including suicidality. Underlying the ineffectiveness of extant regulation and platform policy has been a significant focus on users as individuals rather than as participants in a digital ecology with ethical responsibilities for the care of the other. Addressing these harms calls for cultural change in how we perceive interactive communication, digital use, bodies and subjectivity. This paper asks what a feminist approach might contribute to the framing of improved online communication and the detoxification of the digital ecology. Drawing on recent work on non-violence by Judith Butler and approaches to ecologies and infrastructure by Lauren Berlant, the paper proposes an ethics of mutual care in communication, recognising communication and interactivity and online sociality as an a priori factor of liveable human lives.
Family Socioeconomic Status in Adolescence and Gender Identification in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Wilkinson Lindsey , Shifrer Dara , Pearson Jennifer
Published: October 2024

This study contributes to research exploring social factors shaping gender identification. Informed by structural symbolic interactionism, social identity theory, and Levitt’s psychosocial theory of gender, we explore how a key aspect of external social structure—adolescent family socioeconomic status—is associated with gender identification in emerging adulthood. We examine whether correlates of family socioeconomic status, including adolescent family and educational experiences and friend and high school characteristics, are associated with a cisgender, binary transgender, nonbinary, or gender unsure identification. Using data from High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09), we find a positive association between adolescent family socioeconomic status and a nonbinary gender identification. Analyses indicate that educational and family experiences account for the largest percentage of the association between adolescent family socioeconomic status and nonbinary gender identification, potentially representing higher SES youths’ heightened access to middle- and upper-class cultural schemas and resources.
Accessing Trauma- and Violence-Informed Breastfeeding Support from Primary Care Providers among Women with Histories of Intimate Partner Violence: An Exploratory Interpretive Description Study
Authors: Jackson Kimberley T. , Larose Samantha , Mantler Tara
Published: October 2024

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a wicked social problem affecting women of all social strata and geographical location, globally. Pregnancy may be a time of heightened risk of IPV and more deleterious outcomes. Breastfeeding – a protective factor for maternal and child well-being – may be jeopardized or more challenging for women experiencing IPV. This study explored the experiences of postpartum women with histories of IPV who sought trauma- and violence-informed breastfeeding support from primary care providers.

Methods

Using interpretive description and philosophically underpinned by intersectionality, in-depth semi-structured interviews were completed at 12-weeks postpartum with five breastfeeding mothers with a history of IPV who sought breastfeeding support from a family physician clinic employing a trauma- and violence-informed (TVIC) model of care.

Findings

Four themes and two sub-themes shed light onto the experience of accessing breastfeeding support for women with a history of IPV and the perceived barriers that they faced when attempting to accesses this support, including: 1) The (demoralizing) navigation of the perinatal system; 2) Fostering trust: i) “ It's support, but it's also knowledge”; and ii) TVIC: feeling safe and feeling “I mattered”; 3) Informal support: partners, family, and friends; and 4) Baby in focus: overcoming challenges and building confidence.

Conclusions

TVIC may aid in the development of trusting therapeutic relationships, in turn improving access to breastfeeding support, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and breastfeeding success for women who experience violence. Further research on the implementation and evaluation of TVIC for perinatal breastfeeding education and care among women is required.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Clinical Outcomes of Isolated Mega Cisterna Magna
Authors: Kim Oyoung , Hong Subeen , Jung Young Mi , Seol Hyun-Joo , Na Sunghun , Bae Jin Gon , Ahn Ki Hoon , Lee Mi-Young , Kwon Ha Yan , Sung Ji-Hee , Choi Soo Ran , Kim Seung Cheol , Lee Kyung A. , Kim Hee Sun , Kim Mi Ju , Song Ji Eun , Hwang Han Sung , Won Hye-Sung , Jun Jong Kwan , Ko Hyun Sun
Published: October 2024

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of fetuses diagnosed with isolated mega cisterna magna in utero. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted across 18 university hospitals from 2010 to 2019. Cases diagnosed with isolated mega cisterna magna, defined as a cisterna magna >10 mm with a normal cerebellar vermis and no cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle, were included. Cases with other central nervous system (CNS) anomalies, extra–central nervous system anomalies, chromosomal abnormalities, or congenital infections were excluded. Maternal demographics, prenatal findings, delivery outcomes, and postnatal outcomes were analyzed. Results: The mean gestational age at initial diagnosis was 28.6 ± 3.9 weeks, and the mean anteroposterior diameter of the cisterna magna was 12.5 ± 3.2 mm. Of the 71 cases initially assessed, 48 (67.6%) showed self-regression in utero. Postnatally, 13 cases (18.3%) had persistent isolated mega cisterna magna, whereas 10 cases (14.1%) were diagnosed with other central nervous system anomalies. Among the persistent isolated mega cisterna magna cases, one child exhibited delayed neurodevelopment. There was a higher incidence of isolated mega cisterna magna in male fetuses, which exhibited a significantly larger mean cisterna magna diameter compared with female fetuses ( P = .045). Conclusion: Male fetuses exhibited a higher incidence of isolated mega cisterna magna compared with female fetuses and had larger anteroposterior diameters of the cisterna magna. The study demonstrated favorable neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with isolated mega cisterna magna, with self-regression observed in two-thirds of the cases. However, consecutive prenatal and postnatal evaluations for additional central nervous system or extra–central nervous system malformations need to be performed, considering the differences between prenatal and postnatal diagnoses.
An Interwoven Narrative: Academic Mothers in the Pandemic Context
Authors: Jen Sarah , Bagwell-Gray Meredith , Diaz April , Holder Melissa , Mohr-Carney Michelle , Paceley Meg
Published: October 2024

This article reflects the interweaving of multiple sources of knowledge – narratives of student mothers, personal reflections of our own as mothers in academia, and recent literature – while using the thread of feminist theories and critique to bind the pieces together. We aim to reflect the impact of the pandemic on mothers who are also university students, faculty, and administrators, focusing on those most vulnerable, while discussing their gendered positioning within the neoliberal context of higher education. Methods of supporting academic mothers are discussed including the implementation of practices and policies guided by a feminist ethic of care and willingness to transgress.
Spinoza, Liberation From Causation, and Community Health Promotion
Authors: Fisher Edwin B.
Published: October 2024

What sense does it make to say that a new program implemented in a community with roots as old as evolution caused an observed health benefit? Evaluation of community approaches has often sought to isolate the causal roles of interventions. Central to this is the assumption that there are causes to be proven and isolated. Benedict Spinoza (1632-1677) dismissed the concept of cause, arguing that all things, “substances,” are not caused but simply are. Actions of things in nature can influence each other, e.g., erosion of a mountain, but their substance, the mountains simply are. For Spinoza, satisfaction in life comes from realizing and acting in accord with our substance, but this requires communities that support such realization and action. Thus, communities and the vast influences they contain are central to human welfare. Interventions within them do not cause benefits but join with the history, culture, and numerous other features of the community in becoming part of how the community influences its members. Implications include a) expanding the social ecological model fully to embrace multiple influences – including innovative programs – and interactions among them, and c) varied research methods to identify practical lessons about how communities may adopt and incorporate innovations to engender change, rather than a catalogue of interventions that are supposed to change them.
Synergistic effects of graphene nanoparticles on the thermomechanical properties of PEEK-HNTs nanocomposites
Authors: Siraj Naved , Hashmi SAR , Verma Sarika
Published: October 2024

In our previous study, we selected a 3% concentration (PH3) from various prepared PEEK-HNTs nanocomposites. Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is characterized by non-perfluorinated aromatic compounds with 1,4-disubstituted phenyl groups linked by carbonyl (––CO––) and ether (––O––) groups, offering exceptional thermal stability, mechanical strength, tribological properties, and chemical resistance at high temperatures. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are known for their non-toxic, environmentally friendly, cost-effective properties, with tunable release and rapid adsorption rates. In this study, we prepared graphene nanoparticle (GNP) composites at three different concentrations while maintaining constant PH3 levels. The composites underwent comprehensive characterization using FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM, and DMA techniques. Thermomechanical properties were evaluated using a universal testing machine. Results demonstrate significant enhancements in hardness, impact strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus, and flexural modulus, with the highest performance observed in the GNP-loaded 0.3% (PHG3) concentration. The synergistic effects of GNP fillers in PH3 are attributed to enhanced interfacial adhesion and favorable interactions with the polymer matrix.
Rethinking the Effects of Smart City Implementation on Industrial Structure Change
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Zhou Tao
Published: October 2024

Understanding the relationship between smart city implementation (SCI) and industrial structure change is necessary for improving SCI and achieving high-quality development of the urban economy. This study aims to comprehensively investigate how the two core SCI investments—information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and human capital—influence industrial structure. To this end, both SCI investments are measured using composite indexes calculated by the vertical and horizontal scatter degree method, and spatial panel models are applied using data from 156 smart cities in China from 2013 to 2019, classified according to their economic development level and population density. The results show that industrial structure upgrading produces positive spatial spillover effects and that the impacts of SCI investments on industrial structure change vary in different city classifications. Overall, ICT infrastructure promotes the upgrading of industrial structure, while human capital hinders industrial development due to human capital mismatch. Mechanism analysis shows that SCI investments can influence industrial structure through technological innovation and consumption upgrading. Moreover, policy implications are proposed to promote industrial structure upgrading for effective future SCI.
Effect of coir fiber loading on the mechanical, thermal, and physical properties of natural composites in applications of packaging
Authors: Srikanth Vallala , Reddy Karuka Raja Narender , Dutta Sunil , Kumar Gunda Rakesh
Published: October 2024

An increasing number of environmental regulations have shifted the spotlight toward the creation of ecological composite materials. This study examines, the effect of loading fiber and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) surface treatment on the water absorption, mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of coir fibers (CF) reinforced in a Kondagogu gum (KGG) matrix. The mechanical properties enhanced with the 10 wt% of CF composites, achieving tensile, flexural, and impact values of 2.30 MPa, 2.36 MPa, and 715.74 J/m2, respectively. Furthermore, coir fibers were treated with NaOH subsequent increases in the tensile, flexural, and impact properties with 6.08%, 78.38%, and 15.13%, respectively. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, and water absorption of the composites were observed to ensure their suitability in packaging applications. With their advantageous hydrophilic properties, reduced density, and ability to remain thermally stable up to 255 °C, the treated NaOH CF/KGG composite is an appropriate fit for the interiors of the automobile sector.
Wire EDM machining characteristics of squeeze cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu/(SiC + Al2O3) hybrid composite by TOPSIS approach
Authors: Karthikraja M , Selvaraj S , Uthayakumar M , Thansekhar MR
Published: October 2024

This research focuses on the squeeze-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu metal matrix reinforced with 10% silicon carbide and 10% aluminium oxide particles machined by wire-cut electro-discharge machining (WEDM) to examine the consequences of input factors like pulse-on time, current, pulse-off time, and wire speed over the responses of metal removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness. The pulse-on time (7–11 µs), current (2–4 amps), pulse-off time (6–10 µs), and wire speed (1–3 m/min) used during WEDM machining are all variable. The TOPSIS approach was utilised to identify the optimal processing settings. According to the optimised findings, larger MRR of 3.95 mm3/min and reduced surface roughness of 3.295 µm were achieved by combining pulse-on time, current, pulse-off time and wire speed at 7 µs, 2 amp, 6 µs and 1 m/min, respectively. With a scanning electron microscope, the machined surfaces are examined. Based on the study of the machined surface, the micrograph of sample order no. 1, which has relatively less hills and gorges, has a ton of 7 µs, toff of 6 µs, current of 2 amps and wire speed of 1 m/min. Under a microscope, the amount and size of the craters and fractures created appear to be decreasing. The moderate current intensity and low pulse-off time result in a reduction in the intensity of the electrical discharge. This enhances the surface finish since there are fewer, smaller craters and fissures. The obtained findings may be used by the manufacturers to improve WEDM machining of Al 7075 reinforced with SiC and Al2O3 particles.
Inaccurate search based sequential approximate constrained optimization method for Solid Rocket Motor design
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Gao Jingwei , Tian Lei , Wang Wenjie , Li Jiaxin , Wu Zeping , Zhang Weihua
Published: October 2024

Surrogate based constrained optimization methods are widely utilized in practical solid rocket motor (SRM) design problems. To improve the design performance, this paper proposes an inaccurate search based sequential approximate constrained optimization (ISSACO) method consisting of an efficient recursive evolution Latin hypercube design (RELHD) method and a three-stage constrained sampling method. The RELHD method divides large-sample experiment design problem into several small-sample design problems to ensure the computational efficiency and the design uniformity at the same time. The three-stage constrained sampling method employs the elite archives mechanism to balance the feasibility and the optimality in optimization. Results of the numerical cases indicate that the proposed ISSACO algorithm is competitive with other state-of-art constrained optimization method in efficiency and effectiveness. The finocyl grain design and the impulse mass ratio optimization are also conducted to make further verifications, and the ISSACO method can efficiently obtain feasible optimum and proves to be a potential method for computationally intensive solid rocket motor design problems.
Case series of two persons living with HIV with detectable viral loads initiated then suppressed on cabotegravir/rilpivirine with lenacapavir
Authors: O’Neil Kimberly L. , Ching Patrick R. , Higginson Robert T. , Pecora Fulco Patricia
Published: October 2024

Long-acting (LA) cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) is primarily prescribed for virologically suppressed persons living with HIV (PLWH). Patients experiencing pill dysphagia or profound adherence challenges were excluded from the phase 3 studies, but recent reports demonstrate successful treatment in PWLH with baseline viremia. We describe two PLWH with detectable viral loads (VL) with multidrug resistance mutations. They were unable to sustain virologic suppression on oral therapy with historical poor adherence and dysphagia. Initiation of intramuscular CAB/RPV with subcutaneous lenacapavir (LEN) injections was necessary with baseline resistance. Due to anorexia and a low muscle mass, one patient received CAB/RPV injections in the vastus lateralis rather than the gluteal muscle with a 67-day delay between injections three and four due to health challenges. Both achieved viral suppression on monthly CAB/RPV with LEN. A return to health with a BMI increase from <14 kg/m2 to almost 17 kg/m2 resulted in the second patient. Injectable LA ART (CAB/RPV + LEN) in PLWH with detectable viremia results in sustained virologic suppression and a return to health and should now be considered a novel option for MDR patients with an inability to adhere to oral regimens.
Lipschütz ulcers: A diagnosis to be considered in the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Fernando Daniel Rodríguez-Hernández , Samantha Pérez-Cavazos , Adrián Camacho-Ortiz , Emilio Modesto Treviño-Salinas , Edgar Pérez-Barragán
Published: October 2024

Lipschütz ulcers (LU) represent a challenging and frequently overlooked diagnosis within the spectrum of genital ulcerations. We present the case of a 25-year-old sexually active woman with painful ulcerative lesions on her vulva, accompanied by general malaise, fatigue, and arthralgia. She had been suffering from mild COVID-19 for 1 month. Sexually transmitted infections and cytomegalovirus were excluded. A biopsy of the lesion confirmed a Lipschütz ulcer.
Clustering-based improved genetic algorithm for solving rural logistics route planning problem with conventional and new energy vehicles
Authors: Qiu Yanghui , Wu Zhengtian
Published: October 2024

In the context of global climate change and environmental sustainability, reducing carbon emissions has become a primary focus for both businesses and governments. The current challenges in rural logistics largely stem from low adoption of new energy technologies and widespread idling of vehicles, resulting in high carbon emissions in rural logistics operations. Against this backdrop, this study addresses the issues by considering the application of new energy sources, distribution strategies, vehicle carbon emission calculations, and other low-carbon optimization methods. The objective is to establish a model that optimizes node construction costs, operational costs, transportation costs, and carbon emission costs. This research aims to tackle the problem of village-level distribution center location and routing optimization, taking into account carbon emission costs as a decisive factor to reduce environmental impact. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes a comprehensive approach that combines the K-means++ algorithm with an enhanced genetic algorithm. In this approach, the K-means++ algorithm is first employed to select optimal locations for village-level distribution centers, minimizing construction, operational, and carbon emission costs. Subsequently, the enhanced genetic algorithm is utilized to determine the optimal distribution routes, incorporating a hybrid fleet of new energy and conventional vehicles, aiming to minimize overall costs, including carbon emissions and transportation costs. Application of our algorithm in a real rural distribution network demonstrates that, compared to traditional methods, it achieves higher efficiency while reducing carbon emission costs. Additionally, our study provides valuable insights for policymakers and decision-makers regarding carbon emission reduction and sustainable development, offering robust decision support for the planning and management of village-level distribution centers.
Impact of AI Integration on Journalists’ Mental Health: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Upadhyay Akshay , Bijale Mayura , Hasan Kashif
Published: October 2024

Background:

The field of journalism has undergone substantial transformation with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), leveraging technologies like natural language processing and automated reporting. These advancements enhance information processing speed, enable personalised content delivery and improve data analysis capabilities, thereby reshaping journalism practices.

Purpose:

Despite the benefits AI offers, concerns persist regarding its impact on job security and the mental health of journalists. Rapid technological changes can lead to increased job insecurity, altered job roles and heightened pressure to adapt, potentially affecting journalists’ mental well-being.

Methods:

This study utilises the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess levels of depression, anxiety and stress among 500 journalists from various media organisations that have integrated AI technologies. Quantitative data analysis explores the relationship between AI integration and mental health outcomes.

Results:

The findings indicate significant correlations between the perceived threat of AI replacing jobs and higher levels of depression among journalists. Mixed effects were observed regarding the impact of AI integration on job roles, with associations found between AI integration and both increased depression and reduced stress levels.

Conclusion:

AI integration in journalism presents both opportunities and challenges for journalists’ mental health. Strategies to address job security concerns, enhance comfort with AI tools through training and establish mental health support systems are crucial for fostering a supportive environment in AI-driven newsrooms.
Risk profiles for self-medication with analgesics among elite German handball players
Authors: Bursik Jan , John Jannika M , Mayer Jochen , Thiel Ansgar , Kühnle Felix
Published: October 2024

This study presents empirical evidence on self-medication with analgesics among elite German handball players. The aim is to elucidate the intentions behind therapeutic and preventive analgesic use and identify high-risk profiles for this complex health-risk behavior based on psychosocial factors. Data were collected from 459 handball players (233 female, 226 male athletes) across the highest German divisions (1st – 3rd and German Youth Handball Bundesliga) through a quantitative online survey conducted between October 2021 and April 2022. The survey requested demographic information and details on analgesic use patterns, intentions behind analgesic use, and psychosocial variables. The study shows that athletes use self-medication with painkillers as a coping strategy to manage distractions from acute injuries and pain as well as to prevent expected distractions. Engaging in self-medication allows athletes to navigate the pressures of elite sport. Classification tree analysis revealed distinct risk profiles for therapeutic and preventive analgesic use. Key factors of self-medication include age, athletic identity, willingness to compete hurt, and perceived performance state. The high-risk group for therapeutic self-medication with analgesics consists of senior athletes. The high-risk group for using analgesics preventively, in contrast, is composed of athletes over the age of 17 with strong negative affectivity, a heightened willingness to take risks, and good perceived performance. Our findings highlight the necessity for specific interventions to address the multifaceted motivations behind self-medication and promote safer practices in elite sports. Future research should concentrate on longitudinal studies and diverse athlete populations and use qualitative studies to gain a deeper understanding of the determinants of analgesic use and to develop effective intervention strategies.
Schwannosis in the brain of a neonatal calf
Authors: Bochynska Diana , Sharpe Ann , Toland Brian , Demeter Elena Alina
Published: October 2024

Schwannosis is a rare, non-neoplastic, perivascular proliferation of aberrant Schwann cells within the CNS with simultaneous partial myelination of axons. A single report exists in veterinary medicine of schwannosis in the spinal cord of 3 foals and 1 calf. Here we describe a case of schwannosis in the brain of a 1-d-old Holstein-Friesian calf, submitted for autopsy due to arthrogryposis and premature death, with no other gross abnormalities observed. Histologically, the brain had multifocal, mainly perivascular, spindle-cell proliferations within the white matter of the medulla oblongata and focally within the gray matter of the midbrain. These cells immunolabeled with periaxin, myelin protein zero, SOX10, S100, and equivocally for vimentin, indicating Schwann cell origin. No changes were identified within other organs. Ancillary tests did not support an infectious etiology. Schwannosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis when investigating cases of arthrogryposis in calves with negative ancillary tests for infectious conditions.
Workplace Inclusion Through Social Partnerships: A Relational Perspective
Authors: Asmuß Birte , Thomsen Christa
Published: October 2024

In a world with high demand for sustainable business practices, this paper investigates how workplace inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities can be accomplished through social partnerships. Drawing on social exchange theory and based on an explorative ethnographic case study of a partnership constellation aiming for workplace inclusion of an intellectually disabled workforce, the study explores how relational practices in social partnerships contribute to workplace inclusion of young people with intellectual disabilities. The study consists of two sub-studies focusing first on identification of the overall goals of the partnership collaboration in regard to workplace inclusion and, second, an investigation of how the goals are accomplished in the here and now of partnership collaboration. The findings are summarized in a conceptual framework that advocates a relational perspective on workplace inclusion and highlights relational practices between partnership participants as important drivers for workplace inclusion. The study advances knowledge on workplace inclusion by offering insights into how relational practices in social partnerships inform workplace inclusion. Furthermore, the findings help the individual social partnership partners effectively manage workplace inclusion by acknowledging relationship processes as fundamental elements of organizing for an inclusive workplace.
Articulando conocimientos y prácticas frente al Covid-19: Acciones de enfermeros técnicos indígenas en salud intercultural
Authors: Cárdenas Palacios Cynthia , Pesantes M. Amalia , Sandi Alfredo , Hewlett Christopher , Maake Caroline
Published: October 2024

A partir de entrevistas y conversaciones a profundidad con cinco enfermeros técnicos de los pueblos Yine y Shipibo-Konibo que laboran en establecimientos de salud en la Amazonía de Ucayali en Perú, este estudio muestra que las prácticas desplegadas para atender a los enfermos con síntomas de Covid-19 hicieron uso de terapias y nociones biomédicas e indígenas. Dichas prácticas reflejaron su formación en salud intercultural y su capacidad para adecuar las normas establecidas por el Ministerio de Salud. En función de los síntomas observados en los pacientes, los enfermeros indígenas usaron una variedad de prácticas: vaporaciones, masajes, baños, infusiones y remedios. Las nociones de salud y enfermedad que los enfermeros técnicos indígenas comparten con sus pacientes fueron la base para interpretar el Covid-19 y estuvieron presentes en las atenciones brindadas. Esto se nutrió de la existencia de un sistema de cuidado familiar bastante articulado que fue tejiéndose y siendo negociado en función de los síntomas y las terapias aplicadas. Sus prácticas demuestran la creatividad en los pueblos indígenas. En ese sentido, el sector salud necesita repensar su mirada sobre la medicina indígena, a la que denomina “tradicional” y nos muestra la necesidad de repensar las ideas sobre adecuación de los servicios para la población indígena para colocar en el centro del debate el significado de interculturalidad en salud desde la perspectiva indígena.
Supporting slow scholarship through building reading practices with first-year early childhood studies students
Authors: Land Nicole , Di Santo Aurelia
Published: October 2024

This article details a two-year small pilot project investigating possibilities for enacting slow scholarship reading practices with first-year undergraduate early childhood studies students. We follow the emerging push to think with “slow” practices as an antidote to the consumptive, reproductive, fast-paced knowledge politics of the neoliberal university. To begin, we review the literature on slow scholarship in the early childhood studies and education context, before sharing the structure and content of the course that housed this slow-reading experiment. Then, we analyse student responses to an optional online questionnaire that gathered insights into their reflective experience of slow reading. We argue that slow reading disrupts quotidian student subjectivities and opens space for reconfiguring our relations with knowledge, which stretches beyond the post-secondary context into work with young children and families. To conclude, we offer provocations for cultivating slow-reading practices.
Ranking in Incomplete Tournaments: The Generalized Win Percentage Method, Efficiency, and NCAA Football
Authors: Leiva Bertrán Fernando
Published: October 2024

I present a parsimonious family of scoring methods for ranking teams in incomplete tournaments. It is especially useful if teams play different number of games. I show that this family of scoring methods satisfies common sense theoretical properties studied by the literature on paired comparisons. I analyze it in terms of efficiency, defined as how close a scoring method comes to capturing what the teams’ win percentages would have been, in a complete tournament. Finally, using data on betting odds, I calibrate the family of scoring methods to match, as closely as possible, the actual rankings that were used to determine the teams that would go on to compete for the championship of the NCAA division 1 football tournament between 2011 and 2023. I find that the rankings used by the NCAA were generally efficient and I quantify the biases present in each year’s ranking.
Do Jockeys “Look to” or “Rest on” Their Laurels After a Sequence of Winning Rides?
Authors: Falvey Rod , Rajaguru Gulasekaran , Wrathall Robert
Published: October 2024

We use Australian Thoroughbred racing data, including situational variables, to examine when a sequence of winning rides for a jockey initiates psychological momentum (PM) that makes a win on the next ride more or less likely, other things equal. Of the 42% of jockeys that exhibit PM, we find positive PM is much more common (80%) than negative PM; PM is more often precipitated by the first than the second win in the sequence; and the duration of PM is only a single ride in 90% of cases. The later the precipitating win in the sequence the more intense the PM generated. We find no evidence that PM is related to age, gender, or general riding ability. Although a broad strategy of betting on momentum-prone jockeys would result in losses, a more selective wagering strategy exploiting knowledge of when the PM is precipitated and its intensity, could generate a positive profit.
100% of People Who Confuse Correlation With Causation Eventually Die
Authors: Schwalb Jason M.
Published: October 2024

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Happy Healthy Parents and Babies: Levetiracetam, Lacosamide and Epilepsy Pregnancy Registries
Authors: Cervenka Mackenzie C.
Published: October 2024

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Characterizing Hematological Changes Following Repeated Exposure to Non-Targeted Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Kennedy Allison E. , Dayes Ian S. , Parpia Sameer , Boreham Douglas R. , Bowdish Dawn M. E.
Published: October 2024

The duration and magnitude of haematological changes following non-targeted low-dose radiation have not been well explored. We previously reported that low-dose radiation (150 mGy 2x/week for 5 consecutive weeks) was well tolerated by participants (n = 15) with minimal toxicities and no changes in quality of life. Leukocytes, platelets and erythrocytes decreased from baseline measurement 12 months following treatment, however changes were not clinically significant. T-cells, NK-cells, B-cells and neutrophils were found to decrease during treatment and return to baseline levels by 3 months. The monocyte activation marker CD64 (FcγRI) was lower in participants whose cancer did not progress during the 12 month study follow up period, potentially giving insights into a biomarker of treatment success. Herein, we provide one of the most detailed descriptions of hematologic changes during low dose radiation treatment and during one year follow up. Low-dose radiation was associated with minor hematologic changes that mostly resolved by 3 months. (Clinical Trial Registered with the United States National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health under the title ‘Low Dose Hemi-Body Radiation for Recurrent Prostate Cancer’; ID: NCT03196778).
Research at the Interface: A Novice Researcher’s Reflections on Weaving Kaupapa Māori and Grounded Theory Methodologies
Authors: Pene Bobbie-Jo , Gott Merryn , Clark Terryann C. , Slark Julia
Published: October 2024

The application of both Indigenous and Western knowledge systems in research may provide a well-rounded understanding of health, illness, and wellbeing for Indigenous communities in colonised societies. While many researchers have used a dual approach to researching Indigenous communities in colonised societies, tensions continue to exist around the use of Indigenous and Western ways of knowing together. There are also ongoing tensions between Indigenous methodologies and ethics processes rooted in Western understandings of research. Kaupapa Māori research is an Indigenous Māori approach to research that is about being Māori, is connected to Māori philosophy, culture and knowledge, and centres priorities for Māori. Grounded theory is a Western scientific approach to produce a theory grounded in qualitative data. This paper presents a novice researcher’s reflections on using kaupapa Māori research and grounded theory to explore the relational aspects of acute health care in Aotearoa, New Zealand. The research design attempts to utilise the ethics of kaupapa Māori research and the essential methods of grounded theory to develop a research approach that is robust and culturally appropriate. Conforming to conventional Western science-based research methods while endeavouring to privilege Indigenous realities is challenging and, at times, impossible. However, grounded theory can be flexible enough to adapt to the ethics of kaupapa Māori research. Research at the interface between Indigenous and Western knowledge systems presents opportunities for innovation in research design and can provide an ethical foundation for conducting research with Indigenous communities.
Passive localization of a forklift based on a template matching position tracking algorithm
Authors: Zahir Ebad , Parnichkun Manukid
Published: October 2024

The presented research investigates the accuracy of a localization algorithm using lidar (NAV-350) pose data in a GPS denied environment. A template matching solution is presented using the corners of the workspace area as markers. Results are also compared against the lidar NAV-350's own software solution which are based on average reflector distance. The presented algorithm has shown to have a higher accuracy in most cases. Data is analyzed for approximately 100 different locations in a workspace of 8.9 m by 10.7 m using an industry standard forklift with a base dimension of 1 m × 1.3 m. This paper shows how the algorithm can successfully determine the x, y coordinates and heading angle of the forklift in real time.
Role of immunotherapy in localized muscle invasive urothelial cancer
Authors: Kaur Jasmeet , Choi Woonyoung , Geynisman Daniel M. , Plimack Elizabeth R. , Ghatalia Pooja
Published: October 2024

The standard treatment for non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy or trimodality therapy with chemoradiation in select patients. Pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a reliable predictor of overall and disease-specific survival in MIBC. A pCR rate of 35–40% is attained with neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. With the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer, these agents are now being studied in the neoadjuvant setting for MIBC. We describe the results from clinical trials using single agent ICI, ICI/ICI and ICI/chemotherapy combination therapies in the neoadjuvant setting for MIBC. These single-arm clinical trials have demonstrated safety and pCR comparable to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant ICI is a promising approach for cisplatin-ineligible patients, and the role of adding ICIs to cisplatin-based chemotherapy is also being investigated in randomized phase III clinical trials. Ongoing biomarker research to suggest a response to neoadjuvant ICIs will also guide appropriate treatment selection. We also describe the studies using ICIs for adjuvant therapy and in combination with chemoradiation.
Design of a Cancer Infusion Center: Results from a Pre- and Post-Occupancy Evaluation
Authors: Jalalianhosseini Mahshid , Freihoefer Kara , Ochsner Abbie , Doyle Nancy , Bunker-Hellmich Lou Ann , Rich Renae , Haunfelder Ryan
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The current study performed a post-occupancy evaluation on a new cancer infusion center with pod-like layout and compared results to a pre-occupancy evaluation to investigate the impact of different cancer infusion center designs on staff efficiency and patient and staff satisfaction.

Background

The new cancer infusion center opened in October 2020 and replaced two previously existing infusion centers, in the same healthcare system.

Methods

The study used a similar mixed-method approach as the pre-occupancy research, which included staff shadowing, medication delivery shadowing, and staff and patient questionnaires.

Results

The new infusion center improved staff efficiencies by reducing nurse travel time compared to pre-occupancy infusion centers. Results also showed an increase in satisfaction with different aspects of the new infusion center including patient privacy, by both patients and nurses. The pod design allowed for better audio and visual privacy for patients, provided a higher amount of worksurface and availability of workstations, reduced noise levels, and enhanced nurse concentration at workstations. Findings indicated that nurses who had prior experience working in the pre-occupancy infusion centers expressed significantly lower levels of satisfaction in the new infusion center, especially in the ability to connect with nurses in other pods.

Conclusions

Although the new pod design had limitations in terms of collaborative opportunities across pods, it showed to provide a more efficient work environment for the staff and increase staff and patient satisfactions. The results also highlight the importance of effective change management strategies when nurses transition to a new work environment.
Artificial intelligence for predicting mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Korsakov Igor N. , Karonova Tatiana L. , Mikhaylova Arina A. , Loboda Alexander A. , Chernikova Alyona T. , Mikheeva Anna G. , Sharypova Marina V. , Konradi Alexandra O. , Shlyakhto Evgeny V.
Published: October 2024

Background

The global demographic situation has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to develop a model that predicts the risk of COVID-associated mortality using clinical and laboratory data collected within 72 h of hospital admission.

Materials and methods

A total of 3024 subjects with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to Almazov National Research Medical Center between May 2020 and August 2021. Among them, 6.25% ( n = 189) of patients had a fatal outcome. Five machine learning models and the Boruta-SHAP feature selection method were utilized to assess the risk of mortality during COVID-19 hospitalization.

Results

All methods demonstrated high efficacy, with ROC AUC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under the Curve) values exceeding 80%. The selected Boruta-SHAP features, when incorporated into the random forest model, achieved an ROC AUC of 93.1% in the validation.

Conclusion

Throughout the study, close collaboration with healthcare professionals ensured that the developed tool met their practical needs. The success of our model validates the potential of machine learning techniques as decision support systems in clinical practice.
From past to digital time: Bibliometric perspective of worldwide research productivity on robotic and computer-assisted arthroplasty
Authors: Shu Boshen , Ou Xuehai , Shi Shaoyan , Hu Leiming
Published: October 2024

Objective

The number of citations can be used as an impact marker of research work. This study aimed to determine and characterize the worldwide research productivity on robotic and computer-assisted arthroplasty.

Methods

All accessible publications from 1992 to 2023 on robotic and computer-assisted arthroplasty from Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database were recorded in August 2024. The following aspects were retrieved: cited times, name of author, keywords, institution, country, year of publication, journal, title, topic, impact factor, and H-index. VOSviewer software and Microsoft Excel were conducted to make the bibliometric research visual. The nature of our study is a systematic study and was conducted in China.

Results

1061 articles were included in our study. The total cited times were 27,461 with the average number of 26. The most productive year was 2022, with a total of 158 publications. The United States contributed the highest number of articles (n = 389, 36.66%) and the Hospital for Special Surgery (n = 53, 5.00%) held the leading institution. “Orthopedics” became the dominant topic (n = 894, 84.26%) and the latest keywords “clinical outcomes”, “acetabular cup placement”, and “satisfaction” have mainly appeared since 2020.

Conclusions

Our analysis gives a comprehensive review of related articles on robotic and computer-assisted arthroplasty from past to future. The United States dominated studies of robotic and computer-assisted arthroplasty and a journal about arthroplasty was the most productive one. “Clinical outcomes”, “Acetabular cup placement”, and “Satisfaction” may become the future research hotspots.
Perceived social risk of the next major pandemic: antibiotic resistance / Percepción social de riesgo de la próxima gran pandemia: resistencia a los antibióticos
Authors: Herranz-Pascual Karmele , Gallego Lucia , Alkorta Itziar
Published: October 2024

Although there is abundant literature on this new pandemic in biological terms, studies on the associated risk or its perception are very scarce and recent, and show great variability (geography, actors involved…). In addition, studies conducted on the general population are practically non-existent. In order to overcome these challenges, it would be necessary to integrate social perception into studies of antibiotic resistance risk. To evaluate the social perception of risk, a methodology based on the psychometric paradigm was used, applying Slovic’s abbreviated scale to a representative sample. Findings show that the general public considers the risk of acquiring antibiotic resistance to be low or high depending on the characteristics analysed. The factor structure reflects the existence of five factors that explain 60.5% of its variance, the first two corresponding to the classical factors found in the literature: affective and cognitive components of risk perception. One of the most salient conclusions is the difference found in the risk profile between laypeople and experts.
Current Applications and Future Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Spine Surgery and Research: A Narrative Review and Commentary
Authors: Yahanda Alexander T. , Joseph Karan , Bui Tim , Greenberg Jacob K. , Ray Wilson Z. , Ogunlade John I. , Hafez Daniel , Pallotta Nicholas A. , Neuman Brian J. , Molina Camilo A.
Published: October 2024

Study Design

Narrative review.

Objectives

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly applied to the domain of spine surgery. We present a review of AI in spine surgery, including its use across all stages of the perioperative process and applications for research. We also provide commentary regarding future ethical considerations of AI use and how it may affect surgeon-industry relations.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive literature review of peer-reviewed articles that examined applications of AI during the pre-, intra-, or postoperative spine surgery process. We also discussed the relationship among AI, spine industry partners, and surgeons.

Results

Preoperatively, AI has been mainly applied to image analysis, patient diagnosis and stratification, decision-making. Intraoperatively, AI has been used to aid image guidance and navigation. Postoperatively, AI has been used for outcomes prediction and analysis. AI can enable curation and analysis of huge datasets that can enhance research efforts. Large amounts of data are being accrued by industry sources for use by their AI platforms, though the inner workings of these datasets or algorithms are not well known.

Conclusions

AI has found numerous uses in the pre-, intra-, or postoperative spine surgery process, and the applications of AI continue to grow. The clinical applications and benefits of AI will continue to be more fully realized, but so will certain ethical considerations. Making industry-sponsored databases open source, or at least somehow available to the public, will help alleviate potential biases and obscurities between surgeons and industry and will benefit patient care.