bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial self‐regulation
Authors: Peetz Johanna , Davydenko Mariya
Published: March 2022

Financial self‐regulation includes self‐regulation strategies. Such strategies—actions and thoughts promoting financial goals over financial temptations—can intervene at multiple points in the self‐regulation process. We discuss financial self‐regulation strategies in the context of the process model, highlighting empirically studied strategies shown to increase saving or reduce spending. We then discuss factors linked to strategy effectiveness. Although there is no consensus which specific strategy may be superior, there is evidence suggesting that financial strategies employed ahead of a tempting situation (vs. during the situation), self‐generated strategies that fit one's personality, and a wider variety of strategies likely result in more self‐regulatory success. We also discuss the limits of financial self‐regulation strategies and the circumstances under which strategies may be ineffective.
Residual risks of bacterial contamination for pathogen‐reduced platelet components
Authors: Cloutier Marc , De Korte Dirk ,   ISBT Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party, Subgroup on Bacteria
Published: March 2022

Platelet components are commonly transfused to patients for a variety of indications, including patients with low platelet counts or patients with platelet dysfunction who are bleeding or at high risk of bleeding. Although the risk of pathogen contamination of platelet components has declined significantly over the last 40 years, it remains a concern for the patients, for blood banks and for physicians. Pathogen inactivation (PI) technologies have been developed to mitigate this risk. This review focuses on the residual risks of transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infections by platelet transfusion after PI. We describe and assess the relationship between the bacterial load and the timing and capacity of reduction of the different PI technologies, as well as the risks that could represent spore‐forming microorganisms and the possible introduction of microorganisms after PI.
Secondary channel estimation in spatial active noise control systems using a single moving higher order microphone
Authors: Sun Huiyuan , Murata Naoki , Zhang Jihui , Magariyachi Tetsu , Samarasinghe Prasanga N. , Hayashi Shigetoshi , Abhayapala Thushara D. , Itabashi Tetsunori
Published: March 2022

Spatial active noise control (ANC) systems focus on minimizing unwanted acoustic noise over continuous spatial regions by generating anti-noise fields with secondary loudspeakers. Conventionally, error microphones are necessary inside the region to measure the channels from the secondary loudspeakers to the error microphones and record the residual sound field during the noise control. These error microphones highly limit the implementation of spatial ANC systems because of their impractical geometry and obstruction to the users from accessing the region. Recent advances, such as virtual sensing, focus on ANC with microphones placed away from the region. While these techniques relax the usage of error microphones during the noise control, an error microphone array remains necessary during the secondary channel estimation. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate secondary channels without using an error microphone array. Instead, a moving higher order microphone is applied to obtain the secondary channels from the secondary loudspeakers to the region of interest, which includes all desired error microphone locations. By simulation, we show that the proposed method is robust against various measuring errors introduced by the movement of the microphone and is suitable for the secondary channel estimation in spatial ANC systems.
Theoretical rheo-physics of silk: Intermolecular associations reduce the critical specific work for flow-induced crystallization
Authors: Schaefer Charley , McLeish Tom C. B.
Published: March 2022

Silk is a semidilute solution of randomly coiled associating polypeptide chains that crystallize following the stretch-induced disruption, in the strong extensional flow of extrusion, of the solvation shell around their amino acids. We propose that natural silk spinning exploits both the exponentially broad stretch distribution generated by associating polymers in extensional flow and the criterion of a critical concentration of sufficiently stretched chains to nucleate flow-induced crystallization. To investigate the specific-energy input needed to reach this criterion in start-up flow, we have coupled a model for the Brownian dynamics of a bead-spring-type chain, whose beads represent coarse-grained Gaussian chain segments, to the stochastic, strain-dependent binding and unbinding of their associations. We have interpreted the simulations with the aid of analytic calculations on simpler, tractable models with the same essential physical features. Our simulations indicate that the associations hamper chain alignment in the initial slow flow, but, on the other hand, facilitate chain stretching at low specific work at later, high rates. We identify a minimum in the critical specific work at a strain rate just above the stretch transition (i.e., where the mean stretch diverges), which we explain in terms of analytical solutions of a two-state master equation. We further discuss how the silkworm appears to exploit the chemical tunability of the associations to optimize chain alignment and stretching in different locations along the spinning duct: this delicate mechanism also highlights the potential biomimetic industrial benefits of chemically tunable processing of synthetic association polymers.
Role of IS
Kpn23
in
bla
BKC-1
Expression and Mobilization
Authors: Martins Willames M. B. S. , Nascimento Ezequiel A. , Cayô Rodrigo , Gales Ana C.
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to verify the role of IS
Kpn23
in the expression and mobilization of
bla
BKC-1
and
aph(3′)-VIi
. Five constructs related to the natural
bla
BKC-1
genetic background in plasmid p60136 were made and submitted for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR.
Preclinical Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Optimized O25b O-Antigen Glycoconjugates To Prevent MDR ST131 E. coli Infections
Authors: Chorro Laurent , Li Zhenghui , Chu Ling , Singh Suddham , Gu Jianxin , Kim Jin-hwan , Dutta Kaushik , Pan Rosalind , Kodali Srinivas , Ndreu Duston , Patel Axay , Hawkins Julio C. , Ponce Chris , Silmon de Monerri Natalie , Keeney David , Illenberger Arthur , Jones C. Hal , Andrew Lubomira , Lotvin Jason , Prasad A. Krishna , Kanevsky Isis , Jansen Kathrin U. , Anderson Annaliesa S. , Donald Robert G. K.
Published: March 2022

Multivalent O-antigen polysaccharide glycoconjugate vaccines are under development to prevent invasive infections caused by pathogenic
Enterobacteriaceae
. Sequence type 131 (ST131)
Escherichia coli
of serotype O25b has emerged as the predominant lineage causing invasive multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic
E. coli
(ExPEC) infections. We observed the prevalence of
E. coli
O25b ST131 among a contemporary collection of isolates from U.S. bloodstream infections from 2013 to 2016 (
n
 = 444) and global urinary tract infections from 2014 to 2017 (
n
 = 102) to be 25% and 24%, respectively.
Murine Respiratory Tract Infection with Classical Klebsiella pneumoniae Induces Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Authors: Wasbotten Rachel K. , Dahler Aubree A. , Mackel Joseph J. , Morffy Smith Catherine , Rosen David A.
Published: March 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that commonly causes nosocomial pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and septicemia. Our recent work utilizing a murine model of respiratory tract infection with classical
K. pneumoniae
demonstrated leukocyte aggregates in the lungs of mice at 28 days postinfection.
Regulation of Ribonuclease J Expression in
Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Nagisa Hamamoto , Masato Sawa , Inui Masayuki
Published: March 2022

Corynebacterium glutamicum
harbors one RNase E/G-type enzyme and one RNase J-type enzyme which are major ribonucleases in various bacteria. However, little is known about these gene regulations.
Comparative Genomics of Cyclic di-GMP Metabolism and Chemosensory Pathways in Shewanella algae Strains: Novel Bacterial Sensory Domains and Functional Insights into Lifestyle Regulation
Authors: Martín-Rodríguez Alberto J. , Higdon Shawn M. , Thorell Kaisa , Tellgren-Roth Christian , Sjöling Åsa , Galperin Michael Y. , Krell Tino , Römling Ute
Published: March 2022

Shewanella
spp. are widespread aquatic bacteria that include the well-studied freshwater model strain
Shewanella oneidensis
MR-1. In contrast, the physiology of the marine and occasionally pathogenic species
Shewanella algae
is poorly understood.
Importance of RpoD- and Non-RpoD-Dependent Expression of Horizontally Acquired Genes in Cupriavidus metallidurans
Authors: Große Cornelia , Grau Jan , Große Ivo , Nies Dietrich H.
Published: March 2022

In their natural environment, bacteria are constantly acquiring genes by horizontal gene transfer. To be of any benefit, these genes should be expressed.
Poly-Gamma-Glutamic Acid Secretion Protects Bacillus subtilis from Zinc and Copper Intoxication
Authors: Deol Reina , Louis Ashweetha , Glazer Harper Lee , Hosseinion Warren , Bagley Anna , Chandrangsu Pete
Published: March 2022

Zinc and copper are potent antimicrobial compounds. As such, bacteria have evolved a diverse range of tools to prevent metal intoxication. Here, we show that the Gram-positive model organism,
Bacillus subtilis
, produces poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) as a protective mechanism against zinc and copper intoxication and that zinc and copper dependent γ-PGA production occurs by a yet undefined mechanism independent of known γ-PGA regulation pathways.
Effects of Four Antibiotics on the Diversity of the Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Huang Ce , Feng Shengyu , Huo Fengjiao , Liu Hailiang
Published: March 2022

The intestinal microbiota is a dynamic community of hundreds of millions of microorganisms that play important roles in human health. However, treatment with antibiotics can disrupt the delicate balance of this community, leading to deleterious effects on the host such as inflammation and enhanced susceptibility to infection.
Vaginal
Atopobium
is Associated with Spontaneous Abortion in the First Trimester: a Prospective Cohort Study in China
Authors: Chen Si , Xue Xiaomeng , Zhang Yingxuan , Zhang Huimin , Huang Xuge , Chen Xiaofeng , Deng Gaopi , Luo Songping , Gao Jie
Published: March 2022

Spontaneous abortion (SA) is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome in the first trimester. The causal drivers of SA have become a substantial challenge to reveal and overcome.
Supplemental Material: Late Holocene coseismic uplift of the Kaikōura coast, New Zealand
Authors: Howell A. , Clark K.J.
Published: March 2022

GIS files containing mapped terrace polygons. Oxcal codes, details of additional modeling and photographs of field sites.
Supplemental Material: The low-angle breakaway system for the Northern Snake Range décollement in the Schell Creek and Duck Creek Ranges, eastern Nevada, USA: Implications for displacement magnitude
Authors: Long Sean P. , al. et
Published: March 2022

Includes supporting data for rock unit thicknesses, tables that list geometric constraints for faults, annotated geologic maps and Google Earth images, and field photographs of fault zone rocks and field relationships.
Intrathecal baclofen pumps: what the neurologist needs to know
Authors: Balaratnam Michelle S , Stevenson Valerie L
Published: March 2022

Increasing numbers of patients have an intrathecal baclofen pump implanted as part of spasticity management. Neurologists may be asked about the management of these devices when patients attend emergency departments for unrelated illnesses. Occasionally, the intrathecal baclofen system itself will directly lead to an acute presentation. Furthermore, the presence of an intrathecal baclofen pump needs consideration when requesting investigations, particularly MR imaging. This review aims to increase understanding of intrathecal baclofen treatment, highlighting serious complications and outlining considerations for routine investigations. Neurologists may still need advice from the intrathecal baclofen specialist team.
Potential of eight mutations for marker-assisted breeding in Chinese Lulai black pigs
Authors: Xu Jing , Jiang Aimei , Zhang Changzheng , Zheng Yangqing , Zhang Tingrong , Zhou Lisheng
Published: March 2022

Molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) provides an efficient tool for pig breeding. In this study, according to the literature, we selected eight effective or causal mutations from eight functional genes, including five causal mutations in PHKG1 ( rs330928088), MUC13 ( rs319699771), IGF2 ( g.3072 G> A), VRTN ( g.20311_20312ins291), and MYH3 ( XM_013981330.2:g.-1805_-1810del) genes, and three effective mutations in LIPE ( rs328830166), LEPR ( rs45435518), and MC4R ( rs81219178) genes, to investigate their potential breeding effect in 418 Lulai pigs. The linear model was used to analyse the association between mutations and intramuscular fat (IMF) content, average backfat thickness, and muscle moisture %. The results revealed that amongst the three effective mutations, only the mutation in the LEPR gene, which affects IMF deposition, was significantly associated with IMF content. However, the other molecular markers were not significantly associated with the affected traits reported in previous studies, and these mutations are ineffective for MAS in the Lulai black pig population. Therefore, causal mutations in PHKG1, IGF2, and VRTN genes, and an effective mutation in LEPR gene could be used as effective breeding makers for MAS in Lulai pigs. These results can provide helpful information for further breeding in Lulai black pigs.
Cosmological “constant” in a universe born in the metastable false vacuum state
Authors: Urbanowski K.
Published: March 2022

The cosmological constant$$\varLambda $$Λis a measure of the energy density of the vacuum. Therefore properties of the energy of the system in the metastable vacuum state reflect properties of$$\varLambda = \varLambda (t)$$Λ=Λ(t). We analyze properties of the energy,E(t), of a general quantum system in the metastable state in various phases of the decay process: In the exponential phase, in the transition phase between the exponential decay and the later phase, where decay law as a function of timetis in the form of powers of 1/t, and also in this last phase. We found that this energy having an approximate value resulting from the Weisskopf–Wigner theory in the exponential decay phase is reduced very fast in the transition phase to its asymptotic value$$E(t) \simeq E_{min} + \alpha _{2}/t^{2}+\ldots $$E(t)≃Emin+α2/t2+…in the late last phase of the decay process. (Here$$E_{min}$$Eminis the minimal energy of the system). This quantum mechanism reduces the energy of the system in the unstable state by a dozen or even several dozen orders or more. We show that if to assume that a universe was born in metastable false vacuum state then according to this quantum mechanism the cosmological constant$$\varLambda $$Λcan have a very great value resulting from the quantum field theory calculations in the early universe in the inflationary era,$$\varLambda \simeq \varLambda _{qft}$$Λ≃Λqft, and then it can later be quickly reduced to the very, very small values.
Moffat’s modified gravity tested on X-COP galaxy clusters
Authors: Harikumar Sreekanth , Biesiada Marek
Published: March 2022

Scalar tensor vector gravity (STVG) is a fully covariant Lorentz invariant alternative theory of gravity also known as MOdified Gravity (MOG) which modifies General Relativity by inclusion of dynamical massive vector field and scalar fields. In STVG the mass $$\mu $$
μ
of the vector field $$\phi _{\mu }$$

ϕ
μ

and the gravitational constant G acquire the status of dynamical fields. We use the reconstructed total cluster mass of the X-COP sample obtained from X-ray observations by XMM-Newton telescope in combination with Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect observed within Planck all-sky survey to estimate the $$ \alpha $$
α
and $$\mu $$
μ
parameters of MOG theory. The obtained values are consistent with previous fits by other authors. Hence the MOG is passing another test and proves its consistency strengthening thereby its stance of being a promising alternative to General Relativity.
Production of the $$B_c$$ meson at the CEPC
Authors: Zhang Ze-Yang , Zheng Xu-Chang , Wu Xing-Gang
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we make a detailed study on the production of the $$B_c$$

B
c

, $$B_c^*$$

B
c
∗

, $$B_c(2\,^1S_0)$$

B
c

(
2

1

S
0

)

, and $$B^*_c(2\,^3S_1)$$

B
c
∗

(
2

3

S
1

)

mesons via the three planned running modes (Z, W, and H) at the future Circular Electron–Positron Collider (CEPC). The fragmentation-function and full nonrelativistic QCD approaches are adopted to calculate the production cross sections. Considering the excited states shall decay to the ground $$B_c$$

B
c

state (e.g. $$1^1S_0$$

1
1

S
0

-state) with almost $$100\%$$

100
%

probability, our numerical results show that up to next-to-leading order QCD corrections, there are about $$1.4\times 10^8$$

1.4
×

10
8

$$B_c$$

B
c

events to be accumulated via the Z mode ($$\sqrt{s}=m_{_Z}$$

s

=

m

Z

) of the CEPC, but only about $$1.6\times 10^4$$

1.6
×

10
4

and $$1.1\times 10^4$$

1.1
×

10
4

$$B_c$$

B
c

events to be accumulated via the W ($$\sqrt{s}=160\,\mathrm{GeV}$$

s

=
160

GeV

) and H ($$\sqrt{s}=240\,\mathrm{GeV}$$

s

=
240

GeV

) modes, respectively. Since the Z mode is the best mode among the three planned modes of the CEPC for studying the production of the $$B_c$$

B
c

, $$B_c^*$$

B
c
∗

, $$B_c(2\,^1S_0)$$

B
c

(
2

1

S
0

)

, and $$B^*_c(2\,^3S_1)$$

B
c
∗

(
2

3

S
1

)

mesons and the differential distributions of these mesons may be measured precisely at this mode, we further present the differential cross sections $$d\sigma /(dz\,d\mathrm{cos}\theta )$$

d
σ
/
(
d
z

d
cos
θ
)

and $$d\sigma /dz$$

d
σ
/
d
z

via the Z mode of the CEPC.
Both Cross-Patient and Patient-Specific Seizure Detection Based on Self-Organizing Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Zhou Jiazheng , Liu Li , Leng Yan , Yang Yuying , Gao Bin , Jiang Zonghong , Nie Weiwei , Yuan Qi
Published: March 2022

Automatic epilepsy detection is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Most detection methods are based on patient-specific models and have achieved good results. However, in practice, new patients do not have their own previous EEG data and therefore cannot be initially diagnosed. If the EEG data of other patients can be used to achieve cross-patient detection, and cross-patient and patient-specific experiments can be combined at the same time, this method will be more widely used. In this work, an EEG classification model based on a self-organizing fuzzy logic (SOF) classifier is proposed for both cross-patient and patient-specific seizure detection. After preprocessing, the features of the original EEG signal are extracted and sent to the SOF classifier. This classification model is free from predefined parameters or a prior assumption regarding the EEG data generation model and only stores the key meta-parameters in memory. Therefore, it is very suitable for large-scale EEG signals in cross-patient detection. Selecting different granularity and classification distance in two different experiments after post-processing will achieve the best results. Experiments were conducted using a long-term continuous scalp EEG database and the [Formula: see text]-mean of cross-patient and patient-specific detection reached 83.35% and 92.04%, respectively. A comparison with other methods shows that there is greater performance and generalizability with this method.
Optical shadows of rotating Bardeen-AdS black holes
Authors: Belhaj A. , Belmahi H. , Benali M. , El Moumni H. , Essebani M. A. , Sedra M. B.
Published: March 2022

Using the Hamilton–Jacobi method, we study optical shadows of rotating Bardeen-AdS black holes in the presence of internal and external field contributions. Precisely, we examine the shadow using one-dimensional real curves. By establishing the equations of motion of such AdS black holes without external dark sectors, we first analyze the shadow configurations in terms of a reduced moduli space involving only internal parameter contributions including the charge of the nonlinear electrodynamics. Among others, we find that this parameter serves as a geometric quantity controlling the shadow shape. Then, we graphically discuss the associated astronomical observables. Enlarging the moduli space, we analyze the behaviors of the quintessential black hole solutions in terms of the involved parameters controlling the dark field sector. Concretely, we observe that the dark energy not only affects the size but also deforms the shadow shape. Finally, we provide a possible link with observations from Event Horizon Telescope by showing certain constraints on the involved moduli space in the light of the M87[Formula: see text] picture.
Negative Newton constant may destroy some conjectures
Authors: Volovik G. E.
Published: March 2022

The magnitude and sign of the gravitational coupling [Formula: see text] depend on the relations between different contributions from scalar, fermionic and vector fields. In principle, this may give the zero and negative values of [Formula: see text] in some hypothetical Universes with the proper relations between the fermionic and bosonic species. We consider different conjectures related to gravity, such as the wave function collapse caused by gravity, entropic gravity and maximum force. We find that some of them do not work in the Universes with zero or negative [Formula: see text], and thus cannot be considered as universal. Thus, the extension of the gravitational coupling to [Formula: see text] provides the test on the universality of the proposed theories of gravity.
Arc behavior and deposition characteristics of assisted wire filling cable-type welding wire GMAW
Authors: Yang Zhidong , Chen Yuntao , Zhang Yongshun , Fang Chenfu , Chen Shujin , Gu Xiaoyan
Published: March 2022

The assisted wire filling (AWF) cable-type welding wire (CWW) gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is an innovative welding process in which the wire of CWW GMAW is used as the electrode, and the assisted wire using the arc and molten pool melt. The electrode and assisted wire are with CWW, composed of seven wires, one in the center and others uniformly distributed around it. This paper compares the weld seam appearance, arc shape, arc behavior, electrical parameters, and deposition characteristics of the AWF CWW GMAW and CWW GMAW. The arc shape and electrical parameters of AWF CWW GMAW are similar to the CWW GMAW, in which the welding process was not disturbed by the assisted wire. The AWF CWW GMAW welding wire melting and metal deposition rates are higher than those for CWW GMAW with the same welding parameters. The regular changes of weld width, weld depth, and reinforcement that increased with the increase of welding current are the same as those of the welding seam from CWW GMAW. The AWF CWW GMAW weld depth decreased, and the reinforcement is increased compared with the CWW GMAW under the same current. The tension test of the AWF CWW GMAW button joint meets the requirements of CCS.
Influence of reaction temperature on phase assemblage and morphologies of SiC nanowires by a carbothermal reduction method
Authors: Ding Yu , Zhao Kai , Cui Haitao , He Zhen , Yin Li
Published: March 2022

3C-SiC nanowires were synthesized using Si, SiO2, and active carbon as raw materials at different reaction temperatures without additional metal catalysts. The influence of reaction temperature on the phase assemblage and morphologies of the products were investigated by XRD and SEM. The experimental results indicate that a suitable reaction temperature is essential for the final products. When the reaction temperature was not high enough (1400 and 1450∘C), the raw materials were not reacted completely, and a small amount of targeted nanowires were formed. When reaction temperature increased to 1500∘C, the nanowires were mainly composed of 3C-SiC phase, and they were straight, curved, and needle-shaped. The straight nanowires ranged from several to tens of microns, but the diameters were not uniform. The vapor-solid mechanism dominantly governed the formation of SiC nanowires.
Recognition of jet modes in electrohydrodynamic direct-writing based on image segmentation
Authors: Liu Yifang , Chen Junyu , Jiang Jiaxin , Wang Xiang , Xie Lusheng , Li Wenwang , Zheng Gaofeng
Published: March 2022

The jet modes are directly related to the stable and accurate deposition in electrohydrodynamic direct writing. In order to analyze the state of the jet through the image, it is essential to segment the image into needle area, droplet area and jet area. The small feature scale, unclear boundary and fast response speed bring troubles to the region segmentation. An algorithm of region segmentation is proposed to achieve the region segmentation. A scan method is used to extract the needle area automatically and the open-operation is used to separate the droplet area and jet area. The characters of droplet and jet are analyzed to judge the mode of the jet, which directly reflects the stability of the ejection state. This work is beneficial to the real-time controlling of the EDW and the stability and uniformity of micro/nanofibers.
Investigation of double dispersive waves in nonlinear elastic inhomogeneous Murnaghan’s rod
Authors: Rehman S. U. , Seadawy Aly R. , Rizvi S. T. R. , Ahmed S. , Althobaiti Saad
Published: March 2022

In this work, we retrieve a series of new wave solutions of the double dispersive equation that describes the nonlinear wave propagation in the elastic inhomogeneous Murnaghan’s rod by applying a novel integration norm known as the Sardar sub-equation method (SSEM). The solutions recovered by this method can be categorized as topological, non-topological, combo topological–non-topological, periodic and mixed periodic, singular and mixed singular solutions. In addition, by allotting different values to parameters, the physical movements of attained solutions are shown by plotting the 3D, 2D and contour graphs. On the basis of achieved results, we may claim that the proposed computational method is direct, dynamics, well organized, and will be useful for solving the more complicated nonlinear problems in diverse areas together with symbolic computations, especially in engineering and applied sciences.
Rogue lumps on a background of kink waves for the Bogoyavlenskii–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
Authors: Xia Pei , Zhang Yi , Zhang Heyan , Zhuang Yindong
Published: March 2022

In this paper, rogue lumps on a background of kink waves for the Bogoyavlenskii–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation are investigated. The Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy reduction method connected with the Hirota bilinear method is applied to obtain a new family of determinant semi-rational solutions to the Bogoyavlenskii–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. Semi-rational solutions consist of rogue lumps and kink waves. These solutions possess abundant and interesting dynamics. The rogue lumps arise from the kink waves background, then exist in the background of kink waves at an extremely short period of time, and finally entirely decay back to the background of kink waves in the form of lumps, which are really localized in the two-dimensional space as well as in time. The results are helpful to study rogue lumps arising from the kink waves background of the higher dimensional complicated integrable systems.
A novel noncoupling capacitor split capacitor array structure for high resolution SAR ADC
Authors: Chen Yanbo , Feng Yanpeng , Zhang Shubin , He Guokun , Li Yunjie , Wang Dongbo
Published: March 2022

In order to achieve high resolution in Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), a novel noncoupling capacitor split capacitor array structure is proposed, which solves the coupling capacitor mismatch problem in the traditional split capacitor array structure. This paper analyzes the structure and its capacitor array mismatch. Based on the structure and analysis, a 12-bit SAR ADC is designed and implemented in GSMC 0.11 [Formula: see text]m CMOS process. The measured results show that the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is 72.61 dB and Effective Number Of Bits (ENOB) is 11.77 bit, which prove the advantages of this structure in the design of high resolution SAR ADC.
Radioactivity of even–even superheavy nuclei with Z = 122, 124 and 126
Authors: Pathak Deepika , Singh Pardeep , Parshad Hiteshwar , Kaur Harjeet
Published: March 2022

Employing Coulomb and proximity potentials, cluster-decay half-lives ([Formula: see text]) of even–even nuclei had been calculated and, the obtained results are compared with the experimental ones. To investigate cluster radioactivity in superheavy nuclei (SHN), we determine the required disintegration energies ([Formula: see text]-values) utilizing periodic-orbit theory within microscopic-macroscopic formalism and hence, predict the logarithmic values of [Formula: see text] for even–even SHN with [Formula: see text], 124 and 126. Among various isotopes of daughter nuclei, products produced with minimum value of Gibbs free energy are chosen for our investigation. Moreover, study of the branching ratios would make us to find the dominant mode of decay among [Formula: see text]-decay, spontaneous fission (SF) and cluster-decay in these SHN. Mostly, the emissions of Kr-, Sr-, Zr- and Mo-clusters from these superheavy nuclei are found to be the dominant modes of decay which can be attributed to strong shell effects in the neighborhood of [Formula: see text] region. Our results are in agreement with those obtained using UDL method except for few cases. We believe that this work can play a significant role in the study of decay properties of superheavy nuclei.
f-biharmonic and bi-f-harmonic Riemannian submersions
Authors: Akyol Mehmet Akif , Yadav Sarvesh Kumar , Shahid Mohammad Hasan
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study f-biharmonic Riemannian submersion, bi-f-harmonic Riemannian submersion and thus generalizing some results of [M. A. Akyol and Y.-L. Ou, Biharmonic Riemannian submersions, Ann. Math. Pura Appl. 198 (2019) 559–570; Z. Wang and Y.-L. Ou, Biharmonic Riemannian submersions from 3-manifolds, Math. Z. 269(3) (2011) 917–925]. Next, we obtain the conditions when the Riemannian submersion on its first factor is f-biharmonic as well as bi-f-harmonic. In the last section, we study f-biharmonic cylinders of a Riemannian submersion.
Multidimensional transonic shock waves and free boundary problems
Authors: Chen Gui-Qiang G. , Feldman Mikhail
Published: March 2022

We are concerned with free boundary problems arising from the analysis of multidimensional transonic shock waves for the Euler equations in compressible fluid dynamics. In this expository paper, we survey some recent developments in the analysis of multidimensional transonic shock waves and corresponding free boundary problems for the compressible Euler equations and related nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) of mixed type. The nonlinear PDEs under our analysis include the steady Euler equations for potential flow, the steady full Euler equations, the unsteady Euler equations for potential flow, and related nonlinear PDEs of mixed elliptic–hyperbolic type. The transonic shock problems include the problem of steady transonic flow past solid wedges, the von Neumann problem for shock reflection–diffraction, and the Prandtl–Meyer problem for unsteady supersonic flow onto solid wedges. We first show how these longstanding multidimensional transonic shock problems can be formulated as free boundary problems for the compressible Euler equations and related nonlinear PDEs of mixed type. Then we present an effective nonlinear method and related ideas and techniques to solve these free boundary problems. The method, ideas, and techniques should be useful to analyze other longstanding and newly emerging free boundary problems for nonlinear PDEs.
A prey–predator model approach to increase the production of crops: Mathematical modeling and qualitative analysis
Authors: Yadav Sudhakar , Kumar Vivek
Published: March 2022

This paper expresses the concepts, methods, and applications of mathematical models in agriculture. We propose and analyze an ecosystem consisting of two types of preys and their predators; here the prey-I like sugarcane crops that take a long time to grow and prey-II like vegetables, which have a short life, are grown with sugarcane crops and predators that harm both prey-I and prey-II. The various equilibria of the system are obtained, and the stability conditions are analyzed. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the optimal control strategy is also performed. The optimal control model includes the use of three control variables, such as pesticide application rate, biomass application rate, and control of Cassava mosaic virus in the system. Finally, we apply Pontryagin’s maximum principle to find the optimal control. Furthermore, analytical results are verified by numerical simulations.
Hybrid intelligent modeling approach for online predicting and simulating surface temperature of HVs
Authors: Tie Ming , Fang Hong , Wang Jianlin , Chen Weihua
Published: March 2022

Online prediction as well as online simulation of surface temperature will play a significant role in flight safety of future near space hypersonic vehicles (HVs). But it still remains a classical scientific problem both in thermodynamics and aerospace science. In view of the complex HV structure and complex heat conduction procedure, three-dimensional numerical simulation is too inefficient for online prediction, while current rapid computation methods cannot meet the requirement of accuracy. Therefore, a hybrid intelligent dynamic modeling approach is proposed to estimate the surface temperature of HV with the combination of mechanism equations, test data and intelligent modeling technology. A simplified model based on a mechanism equation and experimental formulas is presented for predicting or simulating transient heat conduction procedure efficiently, while a case-based reasoning (CBR) algorithm is developed to estimate two uncertain coefficients in the simplified model. Furthermore, a support vector regression (SVR)-based model is developed to compensate the modeling error. With the data both from high-precision finite element computation and from real-world HV thermal protection experiments, a number of comparative simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid intelligent modeling approach.
Addressing Accessibility Barriers in Programming for People with Visual Impairments: A Literature Review
Authors: Mountapmbeme Aboubakar , Okafor Obianuju , Ludi Stephanie
Published: March 2022

Accessibility issues with programming languages and programming environments pose a major barrier for students with visual impairments to participate in computing related courses as well as threatens the productivity of professional programmers with visual impairments. To remedy this, the past two decades have witnessed an increase in accessibility research designed to investigate and address the challenges faced by people with visual impairments while programming or learning how to program. We conducted a literature review of accessibility research in this domain. The aim was to identify, aggregate, and highlight known accessibility barriers to programming faced by professional programmers and students with visual impairments learning how to code as well as to identify all solutions that have been proposed to address these barriers. We selected and analyzed 70 papers reporting on accessibility of programming and programming environments for people with visual impairments. Numerous barriers to programming by people with visual impairments have been identified in the literature. Some of these barriers are understudied and present opportunities for future work. A lot of studies have also proposed tools and new accessible programming languages to address the accessibility issues of current programming languages and programming environments.
Synaptic Activity and Hardware Footprint of Spiking Neural Networks in Digital Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Lemaire Edgar , Miramond Benoît , Bilavarn Sébastien , Saoud Hadi , Abderrahmane Nassim
Published: March 2022

Spiking neural networks are expected to bring high resources, power, and energy efficiency to machine learning hardware implementations. In this regard, they could facilitate the integration of Artificial Intelligence in highly constrained embedded systems, such as image classification in drones or satellites. If their logic resource efficiency is widely accepted in the literature, their energy efficiency still remains debated. In this article, a novel high-level metric is used to characterize the expected energy efficiency gain when using Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) instead of Formal Neural Networks (FNN) for hardware implementation: Synaptic Activity Ratio (SAR). This metric is applied to a selection of classification tasks including images and 1D signals. Moreover, a high-level estimator for logic resources, power usage, execution time, and energy is introduced for neural network hardware implementations on FPGA, based on four existing accelerator architectures covering both sequential and parallel implementation paradigms for both spiking and formal coding domains. This estimator is used to evaluate the reliability of the Synaptic Activity Ratio metric to characterize spiking neural network energy efficiency gain on the proposed dataset benchmark. This study led to the conclusion that spiking domain offers significant power and energy savings in sequential implementations. This study also shows that synaptic activity is a critical factor that must be taken into account when addressing low-energy systems.
Dataflow Driven Partitioning of Machine Learning Applications for Optimal Energy Use in Batteryless Systems
Authors: Gomez Andres , Tretter Andreas , Hager Pascal Alexander , Sanmugarajah Praveenth , Benini Luca , Thiele Lothar
Published: March 2022

Sensing systems powered by energy harvesting have traditionally been designed to tolerate long periods without energy. As the Internet of Things (IoT) evolves toward a more transient and opportunistic execution paradigm, reducing energy storage costs will be key for its economic and ecologic viability. However, decreasing energy storage in harvesting systems introduces reliability issues. Transducers only produce intermittent energy at low voltage and current levels, making guaranteed task completion a challenge. Existing ad hoc methods overcome this by buffering enough energy either for single tasks, incurring large data-retention overheads, or for one full application cycle, requiring a large energy buffer. We present
Julienning
: an automated method for optimizing the total energy cost of batteryless applications. Using a custom specification model, developers can describe transient applications as a set of atomically executed kernels with explicit data dependencies. Our optimization flow can partition data- and energy-intensive applications into multiple execution cycles with bounded energy consumption. By leveraging interkernel data dependencies, these energy-bounded execution cycles minimize the number of system activations and nonvolatile data transfers, and thus the total energy overhead. We validate our methodology with two batteryless cameras running energy-intensive machine learning applications. Using a solar testbed, we replay real-world illuminance traces to experimentally demonstrate optimized batteryless execution with a transducer-to-application energy efficiency of 74.5%. Partitioning results demonstrate that compared to ad hoc solutions, our method can reduce the required energy storage by over 94% while only incurring a 0.12% energy overhead.
Blockade of STAT3 signaling alleviates the progression of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease through antiapoptosis
Authors: Park Jae Yoon , Yoo Kyung Don , Bae Eunjin , Kim Kyu Hong , Lee Jae Wook , Shin Sung Joon , Lee Jong Soo , Kim Yon Su , Yang Seung Hee
Published: March 2022

We found that IRI increased expression of STAT3 in murine kidneys, along with inflammation markers. Through the investigation of the role of STAT3 in the AKI-to-CKD transition mechanism using mouse unilateral IRI and unilateral ureteral obstruction models and 24- or 72-h hypoxic induction of primary cultured human tubular epithelial cells, we found that STAT3 could affect the AKI-to-CKD transition. We also observed different degrees of expression in STAT3 isoforms in these processes.
Investigation of Plant Antimicrobial Peptides against Selected Pathogenic Bacterial Species Using a Peptide‐Protein Docking Approach
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam , Mehmood Rizwan , Mahrosh Hafiza Salaha , Mehmood Khalid , Ahmed Shakeel
Published: March 2022

Antimicrobial resistance is the key threat to global health due to high morbidity and mortality. The alteration of bacterial proteins, enzymatic degradation, and change of membrane permeability towards antimicrobial agents are the key mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. Based on the current condition, there is an urgent clinical need to develop new drugs to treat these bacterial infections. In the current study, the binding patterns of selected antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with different multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains have been analyzed. Among ten selected AMPs in this study, napin and snakin‐1 exhibited the best scores and binding patterns. Napin exhibited strong interactions with penicillin‐binding protein 1a of Acinetobacter baumannii (with a binding score of ‐158.7 kcal/mol and ten hydrogen bonds), with glucose‐1‐phosphate thymidylyltransferase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (with a binding score of ‐107.8 kcal/mol and twelve hydrogen bonds), and with streptomycin 3 ″‐adenylyltransferase protein of Salmonella enterica (with a binding score of ‐84.2 kcal/mol and four hydrogen bonds). Similarly, snakin‐1 showed strong interactions with oxygen‐insensitive NADPH nitroreductase of Helicobacter pylori (with a binding score of ‐105.0 kcal/mol and thirteen hydrogen bonds) and with penicillin‐binding protein 2a of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (with a binding score of ‐103.8 kcal/mol and twenty‐three hydrogen bonds). The docking results were further validated by molecular dynamics simulations. The results of this computational approach support the evidence of efficiency of these AMPs as potent inhibitors of these specific proteins of bacterial strains. However, further validations are required to fully evaluate the potential of selected AMPs as drug candidates against these resistant bacterial strains.
Comparison of the Different Anesthesia Strategies for Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pang Naidong , Gao Jia , Zhang Nan , Zhang Binghang , Wang Rui
Published: March 2022

Background. Catheter ablation has become a widely applied intervention for treating symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF), which can be performed under general anesthesia (GA), deep sedation, or conscious sedation (CS). But the strategy of anesthesia remains controversial. Objectives. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the advantages of GA/deep sedation and CS in AF catheter ablation, including procedural parameters and clinical outcomes. Methods. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to November 2021 for randomized controlled trials and observational studies that assessed the outcomes of catheter ablation under GA/deep sedation or CS. Ten studies were included in this meta-analysis after screening with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated by the I2 index and the Cochran Q test, respectively; sensitivity analysis including meta-regression was performed if heterogeneity was high. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger’ test. Results. This meta-analysis found GA/deep sedation to be associated with a lower recurrence rate of AF catheter ablation (

p
=
0.03

). In terms of procedural parameters, there was no significant difference between the two groups for the procedural time (

p
=
0.35

) and the fluoroscopy time (

p
=
0.60

), while the ablation time was shorter in the GA/deep sedation group (

p
=
0.008

). The total complication rate and the incidence of serious adverse events were statistically insignificant between the two groups (

p
=
0.07

and

p
=
0.94

). Meta-regression did not suggest any covariates as an influential factor for procedural parameters and clinical outcomes. Conclusion. GA/deep sedation may reduce the risk of recurrence after AF ablation without increasing the incidence of complications. GA/deep sedation shortens the ablation duration, although there is no statistical difference in other procedural parameters between GA/deep sedation and CS.
A Comparative Analysis of Efficacy of Apatinib Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization and Transarterial Chemoembolization Alone in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Sun Tao , Chen Lei , Kan Xuefeng , Ren Yanqiao , Cao Yanyan , Zhang Weihua , Lu Haohao , Zheng Chuansheng
Published: March 2022

Background. The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) remains controversial due to the limited effect of sorafenib. The aim of the study was to investigate whether apatinib could improve the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with HCC complicated by PVTT. Methods. The study included 109 patients with HCC and PVTT who received TACE combined with apatinib (TACE + apatinib) (53 patients) or TACE alone (56 patients) between June 2015 and January 2019. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to reduce the potential selection bias. Overall survival time (OS) and time to progression (TTP) were used to evaluate the efficacy of TACE + apatinib and TACE alone. Results. Before PSM, TACE + apatinib significantly improved median TTP (7.0 vs. 3.0 months,

P
<
0.001

) and median OS (15.0 vs. 7.0 months,

P
<
0.001

) when compared with TACE alone. After PSM, the median TTP was significantly longer in the TACE + apatinib group, 6.0 months, than in the TACE alone group, 3.0 months (

P
<
0.001

), and the median OS was significantly longer in the TACE + apatinib group, 14.0 months, than in the TACE alone group, 7.0 months (

P
<
0.001

). Subgroup analysis revealed that, except for patients with Child–Pugh class B, the patients with or without extrahepatic metastases and with Child–Pugh class A had longer TTP and OS after the combined TACE + apatinib treatment than after TACE alone. Conclusion. The combination of TACE + apatinib might be an effective and safe treatment for HCC patients with PVTT.