bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling of Water Hammer Phenomenon in Hydropower Pipelines - A Case Study of Keyal Khawar Hydropower Plant
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Ali Ahsan , Ullah Muhammad Kaleem , Ejaz Muhammad Shafqat , Khalid Bisma , Ayaz Rana Sharjeel
Published: July 2024

This study aimed at development and application of a numerical model; WHPANM (Water Hammer Phenomenon Analysis Numerical Model), to investigate the water hammer phenomenon in the penstock of the Keyal Khawar hydropower plant in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The model, written in Visual Basic, utilized the numerical method of characteristics to solve the momentum and continuity water hammer equations. Results indicated that using a 2.2 m diameter pipe resulted in a maximum and minimum pressure head of 1462 m and 1420 m. Increasing the diameter to 3.0 m decreased the maximum pressure head to 1448 m, while the minimum pressure head increased to 1422 m. Conversely, decreasing the diameter to 1.0 m led to a maximum and minimum pressure head of 1522 m and 1363 m, respectively. Regarding pipe length, a standard length of 900 m maintained maximum and minimum pressure heads at 1462 m and 1420 m, respectively. Extending length to 1400 m increased maximum pressure head to 1485 m. Conversely, shortening length to 300 m resulted in a decreased maximum pressure head of 1436 m, with minimum pressure head remaining constant at 1420 m. To prevent water hammer damage in high head hydropower plants, study recommends utilizing a 2.2 m diameter penstock pipe and coordinating valve closure times accordingly. The study suggests a systematic design approach, optimal penstock diameter, and less rigid pipe materials to mitigate water hammer effects. The WHPANM model demonstrated strong concordance with the original data generated by the commercial software employed by the consultant for the Kyal Khwar hydropower plant.
Challenges to Sustainable City Development for Karachi - Pakistan
Authors: Azhar Nida , Khan Rahyab Ahmed , Arif Farrukh
Published: July 2024

Sustainable development entails the responsible utilization of resources while safeguarding the needs of future generations. Central to the concept is the creation of sustainable urban systems within cities, spanning energy, water, waste management, food production, green spaces, parks, and transportation. These sustainable city elements are rooted in environmental and social considerations, striving to balance economic growth with environmental preservation. This paper delves into the intricate web of challenges confronting sustainable development in Pakistan. It draws from a comprehensive review of relevant literature and primary data collected from policymakers, experts, and stakeholders. The research uncovers a myriad of obstacles, including poverty, illiteracy, inequality, inadequate infrastructure, and political instability, hindering the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Additionally, climate change impacts, water scarcity due to population growth, natural resource depletion, and environmental degradation pose significant threats. To surmount these challenges, this study advocates for targeted governmental policies, emphasizing economic diversification and increased public investment in critical infrastructure to foster social inclusion and elevate living standards for all strata of society. An integrated approach to resource management, alongside community capacity-building initiatives, especially in the context of climate change mitigation, is also essential).
Evaluation of Optimum Conditions for the Preparation of Banana Leaves Ash for Cement Substitute in Concrete
Authors: Rehman Mashood , Hussain Talha , Manan Abdul
Published: July 2024

Due to the increasing consumption of concrete as a construction material, the demand for Cement has increased. Since the production of cement is a non-environment friendly and highly energy-intensive process, making it and ultimately construction costlier. Therefore, researchers around the world are finding a variety of alternatives to cement, including Agro-Industrial wastes that can lead us toward sustainability. This study also aims to evaluate the pozzolanic Characteristics of Banana leaves ash prepared from waste Banana leaves of Sindh to use a substitute of cement and establish the optimum Calcination temperature and duration to develop it. For this purpose, waste Banana leaves Obtained from Tando Allahyar, Sindh Pakistan were calcinated in a Muffle furnace in the dried, crushed form at various temperatures of 500 to 1000 degree Celsius with variations of 100°C, and keeping burning duration of 0.5 hr, 1hr, and 2hr for each temperature. The resulting ash was sieved through a No. 200 Sieve, and Pozzolanic reactivity was determined using a Compressive strength test on Mortar cubes and a Strength Activity index (SAI) test. The results showed that BLA developed at 900°C for 1 hour has the highest values of compressive strength and SAI as compared to all mixes, making it qualified for Pozzolanic material as per ASTM C618. The X-ray fluorescence test also supported these findings. Based on the experimental results, it was concluded that the Banana leaves ash (BLA) calcinated at 900°C for 1 hour and sieved through No. 200 are the optimum condition that can be used as a substitute for cement to produce eco-friendly and economical concrete.
Designing a Material Database for the Flood-Resistant Housing
Authors: Shahrukh Ali Syed Muhammad , Rabnanwaz Ahmed Rana
Published: July 2024

Flooding has been a recurring disaster in the 21st century, with an annual average of 168 out of 370 events worldwide. According to the International Disaster Database (IDD), 57.1 million people were impacted by floods worldwide in 2022, with Pakistan accounting for 33 million people. With that massive impact, its management is of utmost importance, and fortunately, flood is not a type of disaster whose consequences cannot be mitigated. One of the obvious way is to look at the damages in retrospective way i.e., doing relief works, but it should be a less preferred choice. Rather, looking things in a prospective manner i.e., building flood-resistant houses (FRH). In literature, various flood mitigation strategies were present, which are discussed in this paper. However, it is also observed from the literature review that, the usage of various flood-resistant materials (FRM) results in improving the house ability to withstand inundation and extreme rainfall conditions. Like other developing countries, due to the global economic crises, availability of cost-effective materials for building FRH is currently a matter of concern in Pakistan. Furthermore, there is very little structured information available in the market as well. This study contributes in addressing this research gap, by designing a generic material database for FRH, and discuss its possible usage in the context of Pakistan.
Factors Influencing Construction Workers Productivity in the Construction Projects of Quetta City
Authors: Khan Waleed Ahmed , Khan Zarak , Bazai Ayyaz Khan , Ahmed Nisar , Adil Hafiz M. , Karim Shahzada M. , Nazar Muhammad Salman
Published: July 2024

The construction industry is crucial in driving Pakistan's economy and GDP development, heavily relying on its workforce. However, various challenges, such as cost, time, quality, and safety, can significantly impact construction projects. Understanding and enhancing construction productivity is essential for the industry's economic success. This study investigates the factors influencing construction worker [CW] productivity in the Quetta City construction industry through a comprehensive survey of 109 respondents, including CW, contractors, site engineers, and construction foremen. The factors are categorized into management-related, site-related, health, safety, and environment (HSE) and welfare-related and external factors. Water and power supply shortages emerged as significant management-related factors, while poor site layout and rework were prominent site-related influencers. Heat and cold stresses were identified as critical HSE-related factors impacting productivity, and economic conditions of the state and stakeholder's poor financial conditions were prominent external factors. The study provides recommendations to improve CW productivity by emphasizing job satisfaction, stable economic conditions, investing in training and development, and ensuring CW health and safety. In addition, further research could be carried out on productivity issues and rates, which can be compared with the case studies of developed countries to identify best practices for increased construction industry efficiency.
Effect of Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) for Rutting Susceptibility in Flexible Pavement
Authors: Ali Sajjad , Ejaz Arooba
Published: July 2024

The construction produced a large volume of debris. This debris may be utilized as Recycled Aggregates (RAs), especially in the pavement. RCA is widely used across the globe; it not only reduces the burden on the environment but also on natural resources. The scope of this study is to utilize recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for testing rutting susceptibility to hot mix asphalt (HMA). Physical and mechanical tests were performed to determine the behaviour of aggregates for natural and each level of RCA combined with natural aggregates. A typical binder was utilized and found qualified for use in HMA. Rutting susceptibility tests were performed on natural (controlled) and sample mixes with RCA (0–100%) at a 20% interval. It was observed that the optimum result for rutting potential was found to be at 20% of RCA. It was observed that an increase in RCA proportion results in an increase in asphalt content and, on the contrary, a decrease in rut resistance.
Integrating Computer Vision in Construction Estimations and 3D Modelings
Authors: Rasheed Mamoona , Munsif Hamza , Mehboob Saqib
Published: July 2024

Computer vision and building information modeling (BIM) have gained significant attention in various fields, including construction, architecture, and infrastructure management. This study presents a novel method for automatically generating 3D models and estimating quantities of construction materials from 2D scanned floor plans using computer vision techniques. The proposed Python-based program integrates complex steps, such as image processing, line and room detection, wall recognition, and 3D model generation using Blender. Additionally, the program accurately calculates the areas of different elements in the floor plan and provides detailed cost estimations for materials like cement, steel, bricks, and tiles for various masonry construction. The results of the program are encouraging, showcasing its potential to be a valuable tool in the future for digital 3D modeling and estimation in construction projects. The program aims to minimize human effort and automate processes, making it user-friendly and efficient for architects, contractors, and clients alike. However, some limitations exist, such as resolution restrictions and sub-structure estimations, which can be addressed in future enhancements.
Comparative Evaluation of the Aesthetic Outcomes of Octyl-2-Cyanoacrylate Skin Adhesive and Ethilon Suture in Maxillofacial Surgery - A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Balkawade Ruchita , Asnani Usha , Natarajan Srivalli , Baviskar Padmakar , Ahuja Suraj , Patkar Nitesh
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Wound closure methods have evolved, attributed to the armamentarium including the synthetic sutures, staples, surgical adhesive tapes and, most recently, the cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives. Cyanoacrylates have shown promising results in terms of aesthetic outcomes in other fields of surgery. The aim of this study is to compare the aesthetic value of Dermabond over Ethilon suture when used in case of facial surgical incisions. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of Dermabond for wound closure in the head-and-neck region.

Materials and Methods:

This study involved 20 subjects undergoing maxillofacial surgery. In 10 subjects, skin closure was done with conventional suturing (Ethilon) and other 10 subjects with tissue glue (2-octyl cyanoacrylate). Observations regarding skin closure time and scar assessment were made, and their results were compared.

Results:

The mean time for closure in the Dermabond group was 217.2 ± 42.0 s and for Ethilon suture group was 383.3 ± 140.2 s. Dermabond was significantly better than Ethilon sutures at both 1 month and 3 months with P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively. For Dermabond, the average score improved from 8.2 ± 2.5 at 1 month to 6.1 ± 1.6 at the 3rd month. The improvement was statistically significant (P = 0.001) for Ethilon sutures; the average score improved from 12.0 ± 1.2 at 1 month to 10.2 ± 2.0 at 3rd month. The improvement was statistically significant (P = 0.038).

Discussion:

Adhesive glue appears to be superior to conventional suturing in clean elective surgeries. It is a safe and effective method of skin closure with less operative time and better cosmesis of the scar.
Marcus Gunn Syndrome – A Rare Neural Misdirection Phenomenon Case Report
Authors: Salema Hamza Javed , Joshi Samir , Pawar Sudhir Ramlal , Nair Vivek Sunil , Koranne Vaishali , Limbdiwala Zainab Zakir
Published: July 2024

Rationale:

This case report describes the Marcus Gunn phenomenon (MGP), an infrequent type of congenital unwanted contractions of facial muscles that occurs in 4%–6% of patients with congenital ptosis. The defining characteristic of MGP is the affected eyelid lifting in a manner similar to the opening of the mouth.

Patient Concerns:

It addresses a 45-year-old man who was examined in the dental clinic with a severely decayed tooth. He exhibited evidence of normal vision and synchronous movement of his lips and eyelid.

Diagnosis:

The conditions matched those of the autosomal dominant disorder with incomplete penetration, the MGP. The carious tooth was restored without the necessity for any surgical intervention.

Treatment:

The patient was given appropriate dental treatment without any surgical intervention for Marcus Gunn Syndrome.

Outcome:

After receiving routine fillings to treat dental caries, the patient stopped complaining of pain.

Take-away Lesson:

This case report reveals insight into a situation that has been speculated to be an example of neural redirection syndrome, in which impulses from the trigeminal nerve’s motor unit are naturally redirected into the levator palpebrae superioris muscles of the upper eyelid and the superior pterygoid muscle.
Triple tunnel and triple intraocular lenses (IOL): Modified scleral fixated IOL in a case of double dislocated IOL
Authors: Sood Gitanjli , Mahajan Sandeep
Published: July 2024

We present a challenging case of a 60-year-old female who underwent cataract surgery in the right eye (RE) 10 years back. On presentation, visual acuity in RE with aphakic correction was 6/18, and the patient had a superior corneal scar with iris incarceration. Fundus examination revealed an attached retina and healthy optic nerve head with two dislocated rigid intraocular lenses (IOLs). The patient underwent vitrectomy with temporal scleral tunnel for explanting the IOLs. The same tunnel was used for scleral fixation of IOL whose haptics were buried into two opposite-facing scleral partial thickness scleral tunnels made at 12 and 6 o’clock. Thus, we describe a newer technique of sutureless scleral fixated IOL where scleral pockets are used for fixating three-piece IOL without the use of any suture, glue, or specialized IOL.
Post-typhoid fever retinitis
Authors: Shrinkhal  , Garg Pragati , Shukla Ruchi , Singh Swarastra Prakash , Banerjee Nilakshi
Published: July 2024

A 34-year-old male presented with a sudden, painless decrease in vision in both eyes in the past 7 days. He had a history of an episode of fever 7 days before ocular symptoms and had been treated with three doses of injection cefixime (1.5 g) and antipyretics based on a positive Widal test. On detailed fundus examination, both eyes showed creamy white superficial lesions with ill-defined margins, suggestive of retinitis, with a few hemorrhages along the inferior arcade. The diagnosis of both eyes’ post-typhoid fever retinitis was made, and he was investigated for complete blood count, peripheral smear, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and human immunodeficiency virus Tridot test, which were normal. He was treated with oral cefixime (400 mg) twice daily and oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The patient showed significant improvement after the treatment.
A closer look at ankyloglossia in children—A case series
Authors: Vellore Krishna P. , Kondamadugu Saigeeta , Challa Santosh K. , Ganesh Mayuri , Kumari Kanchan , Sharma Deepanshi , Bartarya Treyi
Published: July 2024

Ankyloglossia, often known as tongue-tie, is characterized by a small lingual frenum that obstructs normal tongue movement. It is a rare congenital oral abnormality. The most significant clinical symptom of movement restriction is evaluated clinically by requesting the patient to protrude and elevate their tongues, where the “heart-shaped” tongue can be seen. In children, ankyloglossia can lead to breastfeeding difficulties, speech disorders, poor oral hygiene, and bullying during childhood and adolescence. Regarding the management of ankyloglossia and its clinical importance, there are always divergent views. For successful outcomes, postoperative tongue exercises and speech therapy are essential. These treatments can also measure tongue motions to examine the sounds of letters and words. Recently, the laser approach has been frequently used in dentistry to treat children with ankyloglossia. The present clinical case series of ankyloglossia in children describes a variety of treatments, including electrocautery, laser, and scalpel. Kotlow’s classification, the patient’s age, and patient cooperation played a role in the treatment decision. All of the surgical methods described are effective, but they all call for a trained expert. Both the laser and the electrocautery methods were regarded as suitable for children and safe processes. This case series highlights the significance of early tongue-tie diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications and facilitate improvement in eating and speaking issues. Considering children’s fear and anxiety, laser frenectomy provides a more efficient and comfortable treatment for both the child patient and the dentist when compared to the other two methods.
Does pregnancy alter voice quality?
Authors: Subramaniam Vijayalakshmi , Subramaniam Barathi S , Rai Sheetal , Rao Smitha B , Nayaka Hemaraja S , Zubaer Sania , Kallikkadan Hebin H
Published: July 2024

Context:

Female voice is extremely sensitive to hormonal changes. The changes in the levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy trimesters affect voice by causing edema or swelling of the vocal fold tissues.

Aims:

The present study was designed to quantify the subtle changes in voice objectively in terms of acoustic and aerodynamic parameters related to hormonal changes associated with pregnancy and their variation across the trimesters of pregnancy among the participants in comparison with postpartum pregnant women.

Settings and Design:

Prospective case control observational study conducted at Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, South India.

Methods and Materials:

A total of 40 participants in the age group of 20–45 years took part in the study. Thirty pregnant women in three different trimesters (10 in each) were compared with postpartum group for selected acoustic and aerodynamic parameters of voice.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.

Results:

The selected acoustic parameters like average fundamental frequency, shimmer in dB, and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) of pregnant woman showed a statistically significant difference as compared to postpartum women.

Conclusions:

Perceived quality of voice and ease of production are different across the timeline of pregnancy. Maximum phonation duration was reduced among pregnant women. Significant differences were observed in the values of fundamental frequency, Shimmer, and HNR among pregnant women as compared to postpartum women indicating decreased quality and increased effort of voice production as the time progresses from conception to delivery.
Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy
Authors: Kong Choi Wah , To William Wing Kee
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

This study aimed to compare the pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with and without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy.

Methods:

Women who delivered in an obstetric unit from March 2022 to October 2022 were recruited. The history of vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was recorded. The pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared.

Results:

A total of 1015 women were recruited — 41.5% had SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and 25.2% were unvaccinated. The incidences of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and caesarean section were similar between the two groups. There were more preterm deliveries (9.0% vs 5.1%, P = 0.01) and more late preterm deliveries of between 33 and 36 + 6 weeks (6.2% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.03) in the SARS-CoV-2 infection group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in perinatal outcomes, including birthweight, incidence of small for gestational age, low Apgar scores, and neonatal intensive care or special care baby unit admissions. There were no differences in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes between women infected in the first/second trimester and those infected in the third trimester, except for lower mean birthweight (3180 g vs. 3292 g, P = 0.04). There were no major differences in pregnancy outcome between vaccinated and unvaccinated women.

Conclusion:

The pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during gestation appear favourable.
Deploying artificial intelligence in the detection of adult appendicular and pelvic fractures in the Singapore emergency department after hours: efficacy, cost savings and non-monetary benefits
Authors: Quek John Jian Xian , Nickalls Oliver James , Wong Bak Siew Steven , Tan Min On
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Radiology plays an integral role in fracture detection in the emergency department (ED). After hours, when there are fewer reporting radiologists, most radiographs are interpreted by ED physicians. A minority of these interpretations may miss diagnoses, which later require the callback of patients for further management. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been viewed as a potential solution to augment the shortage of radiologists after hours. We explored the efficacy of an AI solution in the detection of appendicular and pelvic fractures for adult radiographs performed after hours at a general hospital ED in Singapore, and estimated the potential monetary and non-monetary benefits.

Methods:

One hundred and fifty anonymised abnormal radiographs were retrospectively collected and fed through an AI fracture detection solution. The radiographs were re-read by two radiologist reviewers and their consensus was established as the reference standard. Cases were stratified based on the concordance between the AI solution and the reviewers’ findings. Discordant cases were further analysed based on the nature of the discrepancy into overcall and undercall subgroups. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity and inter-rater reliability of the AI solution.

Results:

Ninety-two examinations were included in the final study radiograph set. The AI solution had a sensitivity of 98.9%, an accuracy of 85.9% and an almost perfect agreement with the reference standard.

Conclusion:

An AI fracture detection solution has similar sensitivity to human radiologists in the detection of fractures on ED appendicular and pelvic radiographs. Its implementation offers significant potential measurable cost, manpower and time savings.
Trends in electrocardiographic and cardiovascular manifestations of patients hospitalised with COVID-19
Authors: Ngiam Jinghao Nicholas , Liong Tze Sian , Koh Matthew Chung Yi , Goh Wilson , Sim Meng Ying , Chhabra Srishti , Chew Nicholas Wen Sheng , Annadurai Jayagowtham Krishan , Thant Sandi Myo , Chai Ping , Yeo Tiong-Cheng , Poh Kian Keong , Tambyah Paul Anantharajah , Sia Ching-Hui
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a low incidence of cardiovascular complications was reported in Singapore. Little was known about the trend of cardiovascular complications as the pandemic progressed. In this study, we examined the evolving trends in electrocardiographic and cardiovascular manifestations in patients hospitalised with COVID-19.

Methods:

We examined the first 1781 consecutive hospitalised patients with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19. We divided the population based on whether they had abnormal heart rate (HR) or electrocardiography (ECG) or normal HR and ECG, comparing the baseline characteristics and outcomes. Cardiovascular complications were defined as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, myocarditis and mortality.

Results:

The 253 (14.2%) patients who had abnormal HR/ECG at presentation were more likely to be symptomatic. Sinus tachycardia was commonly observed. Troponin I levels (97.0 ± 482.9 vs. 19.7 ± 68.4 ng/L, P = 0.047) and C-reactive protein levels (20.1 ± 50.7 vs. 13.9 ± 24.1 μmol/L, P = 0.003) were significantly higher among those with abnormal HR/ECGs, with a higher prevalence of myocarditis (2.0% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.019), pulmonary embolism (2.0% vs. 0.3%, P = 0.008) and acute myocardial infarction (1.2% vs. 0.1%, P = 0.023). After adjusting for age and comorbidities, abnormal HR/ECG (adjusted odds ratio 4.41, 95% confidence interval 2.21–8.77; P < 0.001) remained independently associated with adverse cardiovascular complications. Over time, there was a trend towards a higher proportion of hospitalised patients with cardiovascular complications.

Conclusion:

Cardiovascular complications appear to be increasing in proportion over time among hospitalised patients with COVID-19. A baseline ECG and HR measurement may be helpful for predicting these complications.
Свойства конфиденциальности и целостности схемы $\mathrm{ECIES}$
Authors: Tsaregorodtsev Kirill Denisovich
Published: July 2024

Схема $\mathrm{ECIES}$ анализируется с помощью техники теоретико-сложностных сведе́ний («доказуемая стойкость»). Показано, что если схема $\mathrm{ECIES}$ задается при помощи схемы выработки общего секретного ключа $\mathsf{KE}$ и схемы аутентифицированного шифрования $\mathsf{AE}$, то преимущества противника относительно схемы $\mathrm{ECIES}$ в стандартных моделях $\mathsf{LOR-CCA}$ и $\mathsf{INT-CTXT}$ могут быть ограничены сверху через преимущества противников относительно схемы $\mathsf{KE}$ в модели $\mathsf{mODH}$ (задача Диффи - Хеллмана с доступом к оракулу) и схемы $\mathsf{AE}$ в моделях $\mathsf{LOR-CCA}$ и $\mathsf{INT-CTXT}$ соответственно.
Visualizing textual collation
Authors: Birnbaum David J. , Haentjens Dekker Ronald
Published: July 2024

The goal of this report is to offer a contextualized introduction of the alignment ribbon, a new visualization of textual collation information, implemented in SVG. Textual scholars often align moments of agreement and moments of variation across manuscript witnesses in order to explore and understand how those relationships contribute to a theory of the text, that is, to understanding the history of the transmission of a work. How to identify (an analytic task), model (an interpretive task), and communicate (a rhetorical task) the structural relationships among witnesses are distinct but related aspects of the study of textual transmission. We introduce the alignment ribbon as a contribution to the visual representation of textual alignment.
Ensuring XML quality and compatibility in large collections that span decades of content
Authors: Gross Mark
Published: July 2024

One of the promises of XML applications and related technologies is the consistency and longevity of data created through their use. But meeting the promise doesn’t happen without careful curation. In practice, for large applications such as JATS, there are many users of varying skill levels, with differing understanding of the XML process. With the complicating factor that diverse users may also be using diverse versions of the standard tag set, inconsistencies tend to accumulate as these large document collections grow.

Although issues such as missing DOIs, bad xrefs, duplicate IDs, invalid assets, and other structural problems in the XML may not always result in invalid documents, they are nonetheless problems for the usability and sustainability of a collection. This paper highlights automated solutions useful for fixing large amounts of JATS and BITS XML, ensuring that content is current with the latest DTDs and internally consistent across the collection.
When women do algorithms: a semi-generative approach to overlay crochet with iXML and XSLT
Authors: Tovey-Walsh Bethan
Published: July 2024

“Crochet” is what we call it when women do algorithms. A crochet pattern can be quite a complicated algorithm. For example, overlay crochet involves using two (usually contrasting color) yarns to create interwoven grids. Overlay patterns can be expressed as grids of squares, so they are very easy to represent using a coordinate system, which can then be translated into a visual representation.

Enter iXML! To translate textual material into an overlay crochet design, I first wrote a set of pattern specifications for the letter shapes of the Latin alphabet. Using iXML, I then processed a text to extract a list of capital letters, and inserted the patterns in place of their matching letters. An XSLT stylesheet extracted these pattern pieces as a text file, and a second iXML grammar joined the individual pattern specifications into a single scarf pattern. Transforming this into SVG with an XSLT stylesheet allowed manual tweaking to ensure that the letter-shapes sat well in combination with one another. The result is a scarf pattern with a hidden message, generated semi-randomly by patterns in the input text, with a little aesthetic tweaking to make it harmonious. And the result of *that* is a very nice, warm scarf!
Time Sharing - A Novel Approach to Low-Latency Masking
Authors: Kumar S. V. Dilip , Dhooghe Siemen , Balasch Josep , Gierlichs Benedikt , Verbauwhede Ingrid
Published: July 2024

We present a novel approach to small area and low-latency first-order masking in hardware. The core idea is to separate the processing of shares in time in order to achieve non-completeness. Resulting circuits are proven first-order glitchextended PINI secure. This means the method can be straightforwardly applied to mask arbitrary functions without constraints which the designer must take care of. Furthermore we show that an implementation can benefit from optimization through EDA tools without sacrificing security. We provide concrete results of several case studies. Our low-latency implementation of a complete PRINCE core shows a 32% area improvement (44% with optimization) over the state-of-the-art. Our PRINCE S-Box passes formal verification with a tool and the complete core on FPGA shows no first-order leakage in TVLA with 100 million traces. Our low-latency implementation of the AES S-Box costs roughly one third (one quarter with optimization) of the area of state-of-the-art implementations. It shows no first-order leakage in TVLA with 250 million traces.
Optimized Hardware-Software Co-Design for Kyber and Dilithium on RISC-V SoC FPGA
Authors: Wang Tengfei , Zhang Chi , Zhang Xiaolin , Gu Dawu , Cao Pei
Published: July 2024

Kyber and Dilithium are both lattice-based post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms that have been selected for standardization by the American National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NIST recommends them as two primary algorithms to be implemented for most use cases. As the applications of RISC-V processors move from specialized scenarios to general scenarios, efficient implementations of PQC algorithms on general-purpose RISC-V platforms are required. In this work, we present an optimized hardware-software co-design for Kyber and Dilithium on the industry’s first RISC-V System-on-Chip (SoC) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform. The performance of both algorithms is enhanced through the utilization of hardware acceleration and software optimization, while a certain level of flexibility is still maintained. The polynomial arithmetic operations in Kyber and Dilithium are accelerated by the customized accelerators. We employ a unified high-level architecture to depict their shared characteristics and design dedicated underlying modular multipliers to explore their distinctive features. The hashing functions are optimized using RISC-V assembly instructions, resulting in improved performance and reduced code size without additional hardware resources. For other operations involving matrices and vectors, we present a multi-core acceleration scheme based on the multi-core RISC-V Microprocessor Sub-System (MSS). Combining these acceleration and optimization methods, experimental results show that the overall performance of Kyber and Dilithium across different security levels improves by 3 to 5 times, while the utilized FPGA resources account for less than 5% of the total resources provided by the platform.
Androgenetic Alopecia: A Study on The Efficacy of a Combined Protocol of Blue Light Photobiomodulation and Subcutaneous Infiltrations of Biomimetic Peptides
Authors: Baroni Adone
Published: July 2024

Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) is a common condition affecting men and women, characterized by progressive hair follicle miniaturization and consequent hair loss. Blue light Photobiomodulation (PBM) by LED (Light emitting diode) device and infiltrations of biomimetic peptides therapy are two emerging approaches for AGA treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a combined protocol of blue light PBM and infiltrations of biomimetic peptides on the scalp for AGA treatment. A total of 20 patients with AGA diagnosis, according to Hamilton-Norwood criteria, were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated at the same time, both with Blue light LED and with subcutaneous infiltrations of biomimetic peptides on the scalp. At 6 months follow-up, a significant increase in hair density was observed in 85% of the patients treated. The results of our study suggest that the combined protocol of blue light PBM and biomimetic PRP could be an effective treatment for AGA. Further clinical studies with a larger number of patients are needed to confirm these results and to evaluate the long-term efficacy of the treatment.
Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Piring dari Minyak Jelantah di Kelurahan Kemuteran, Gresik, Jawa Timur
Authors: Achmad Achmad Rahditya , A. Syasmitha Lucky , A. Rahma Dea R. , M. Annisa Rachma , K. Dwi Nur Arinal
Published: July 2024

Waste cooking oil, known as "Minyak Jelantah," originates from frying oils derived from processed vegetable ingredients such as palm oil, corn oil, vegetable oil, and others. Eateries in the Kemuteran Subdistrict consistently use frying oil as the main ingredient in their cooking processes, leading to issues with the generated waste. A viable solution involves utilizing used oil for the production of dishwashing soap. The finished dish soap not only helps reduce waste but also holds higher market value compared to selling used oil to collectors. Additionally, the dish soap product can be used personally and sold, providing broader economic benefits. Overall, this initiative has successfully fostered a positive atmosphere among residents, encouraging the exchange of ideas and knowledge regarding environmentally supportive practices.
Corn Commodity Diversification Policy And Implementation Of A Circular Economy: Steps Towards Sustainable Agriculture In Bone Bolango District
Authors: Abdul Wahab Podungge Abdul , Yulianty Adipu Yulianty , Robby Hunawa Robby , Muhammad Altaf Ainul Khafit  , Nila Kusuma  , Annisa Sabina Adrias
Published: July 2024

This research is motivated by the importance of conserving corn plants by implementing the concept of sustainable agriculture using organic fertilizer. Researchers emphasize that the formulation of the problem of corn commodity diversification is the right step in overcoming economic challenges, especially in the context of a very comprehensive circular economy, a circular economy can maximize added value from each stage of production. This process supports the circular economy concept which focuses on the efficient and sustainable use of natural resources. By harnessing the full potential of corn, from seeds to waste, the circular economy can create a more sustainable value circle. The aim of this research is to analyze and present the implementation of a circular economy in corn crops by: 1) organic fertilizer can replace chemical fertilizer subsidies; 2) corn milk products can prevent and reduce the prevalence of stunting; 3) Corn cob waste can be used by farmers to make briquettes which have sales value. The research method used is a mixed method approach or a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods through: 1) direct observation carried out for four months on corn production activities; 2) interviews with key informants; 3) looking at literature. The research results show that: 1) liquid organic fertilizer from banana peel waste is effectively implemented because it can reduce production costs and is able to provide soil nutrition; 2) providing nutrition in corn milk has a positive impact as protein helps form muscle tissue, improves cell performance, and strengthens the immune system so that it can reduce stunting rates; 3) utilization of corn cob waste into effective briquettes in providing long-term solutions to agricultural sustainability
Desain Pembelajaran Open-STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMK (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan)
Authors: Nida’ Khoirotun , Untari Rahmania Sri
Published: July 2024

Sebagian besar siswa tidak dapat menghubungkan antara apa yang telah dipelajari dan cara mengaplikasikan informasi tersebut dalam situasi nyata. Mereka mampu mengingat informasi dengan baik, namun kurang memahami secara mendalam mata pelajaran yang dipelajari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan sesudah diberi perlakuan Desain Pembelajaran Open-STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division). Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain quasi-eksperimen, desain eksperimen One Group Pretest-Posttest satu kelas diberi perlakuan sebelum dan sesudah melakukan pretest-posttest, sehingga dapat dibandingkan hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dengan Desain Pembelajaran Open-STAD. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X TKJ (Teknik Komunikasi Jaringan) SMK yang berjumlah 14 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Desain Pembelajaran Open-STAD terhadap hasil belajar siswa SMK memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dengan presentase ketuntasan nilai pre-test mendapatkan hasil sebesar 39%, sedangkan presentase ketuntasan nilai post-test mendapatkan hasil sebesar 75%. Hal tersebut juga dinyatakan berdasarkan nilai rata-rata pretest < posttest dan nilai signifikansi yang didapatkan 0,000 < 0,05. Direkomendasikan pada penelitian selanjutnya adalah menggunakan kelas pembanding untuk melihat seberapa efektif dari desain  pembelajaran Open-STAD.
Kualitas Laba: Menjelajahi Ekuitas yang Dinilai Terlalu Tinggi, Manajemen Laba, dan Volatilitas Arus Kas
Authors: Parmananda Reza Syarifuddin , Maryanti Eny
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini menginvestigasi dampak dari ekuitas yang dinilai terlalu tinggi, manajemen laba, dan volatilitas arus kas operasional terhadap kualitas laba, dengan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik sebagai variabel moderasi. Dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi berganda dengan SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa ekuitas yang dinilai terlalu tinggi berpengaruh positif terhadap kualitas laba, sedangkan manajemen laba dan volatilitas arus kas operasional berpengaruh negatif. Selain itu, tata kelola perusahaan yang baik memoderasi hubungan antara ekuitas yang dinilai terlalu tinggi dan kualitas laba, melemahkan dampak manajemen laba dan volatilitas arus kas operasional terhadap kualitas laba. Implikasinya menunjukkan bahwa investor harus berhati-hati dalam berinvestasi, dan strategi harus dikembangkan untuk mengurangi manipulasi pelaporan keuangan. Selain itu, meningkatkan praktik tata kelola perusahaan dapat berkontribusi untuk meningkatkan kualitas laba dan kepercayaan investor.
Mengungkap Struktur Modal: Pertumbuhan, Leverage, Profitabilitas, dan Rasio Aktivitas di Manufaktur Indonesia
Authors: M Idris M Idris , Setiyono Wisnu Panggah
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dampak tingkat pertumbuhan, leverage operasional, profitabilitas, dan rasio aktivitas terhadap struktur modal perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2020-2022. Dengan teknik purposive sampling, studi ini menyaring dari 182 perusahaan awal menjadi 47 perusahaan. Menggunakan data sekunder yang memenuhi uji asumsi klasik, studi ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda untuk analisisnya. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan penjualan, diukur dengan perbedaan penjualan tahunan, memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap struktur modal. Leverage operasional, diwakili oleh Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL), tidak menunjukkan dampak negatif, sementara Return on Assets (ROA) sebagai ukuran profitabilitas, juga berdampak positif terhadap struktur modal. Namun, Total Asset Turnover (TATO), sebagai ukuran aktivitas, tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap struktur modal. Hasil ini menekankan peran beragam metrik keuangan dalam membentuk struktur modal di sektor manufaktur Indonesia, menawarkan wawasan berharga untuk strategi manajemen keuangan.
À LUZ DA “GRAMATIQUINHA"
Authors: Senna Luiz Antonio Gomes
Published: July 2024

Em diálogo com a concepção de língua nacional na obra de Mário de Andrade, apresenta-se uma análise das circunstâncias sociais e culturais que perpassam a experiência de aprendizagem do Português escrito na escola brasileira, tendo por objeto a noção de bilinguismo cultural e sua relação com a demanda por subjetivação do direito universal de educação. O estudo deriva da observação de fatos de produção escrita entre sujeitos escolares, os quais justificam a superação de conceitos clássicos de bilinguismo arrolados exclusivamente a partir de aspectos gramático-funcionais ou de uso dos sistemas linguísticos. O artigo analisa as tensões no contato entre o português oral e o escrito como derivadas de aspectos históricoculturais oriundos do processo de sua criação e implantação no território brasileiro, resultando em situações de línguas em contato somente explicáveis a partir do conceito de bilinguismo cultural.
Analisis Pertimbangan Hakim Terkait Operasi Tangkap Tangan Tindak Pidana Narkotika: Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor: 317/Pid.Sus/2021/Pn.Plg
Authors: Yansah Nopri
Published: July 2024

The problem in this research is what is the basis of the judge's considerations in Decision Number: 317/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Plg, and whether Decision Number: 317/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Plg is in accordance with the Laws of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics Juncto Emergency Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12/Drt/1951. This research is a type of normative research. Normative legal research is research that places law as a system of norms. The norm system in question is about principles, norms, rules from laws and regulations, court decisions, agreements and doctrines (teachings). Therefore, this research was carried out by analyzing the court and its general vision from various aspects of the case that occurred in Decision Number: 317/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Plg. The results of the research showed that the basis of consideration used by the judge was the balance of the elements of the article being charged, the ability to take responsibility for the witch, the absence of justifiable and forgiving reasons and the presence of aggravating and mitigating circumstances. Decision Number: 317/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Plg there is an error in the application of the article so that it is contrary to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and the decision does not reflect the principles of justice, the principle of expediency and the principle of legal certainty.
Tinjauan MaqᾹṣid Syarī‘Ah Terhadap Pembekuan Sperma (Sperm Freezing) dalam Proses Bayi Tabung
Authors: Iflah Tajul , Putri Raihan
Published: July 2024

In vitro fertilization is a solution for anyone who wants to have offspring if one of them is infertile or is caused by another disease. One of the creations of today's human sophistication is artificial insemination or what is called test tube babies. Technological advances have made it possible to carry out scientific and technological endeavors. This Ḥifẓ an-nasl is one of the goals of Maqāṣid asy-Syarīʿah, test tube babies are an effort to maintain offspring so that their offspring are not interrupted. Even though it is a solution, In vitro fertilization is also vulnerable to abuse so it has the potential to have a negative impact if misused. This research was conducted to find out how the legal aspects of long-term sperm freezing for test tube babies are reviewed according to Maqāṣid asy-Syarīʿah. This research uses a historical approach method by looking at events or phenomena carried out by married couples with the aim of obtaining offspring. The results of the research show that freezing sperm cells is carried out with the aim of being able to obtain offspring for married couples who can no longer produce offspring and sperm cells have been frozen when the husband and wife are still in a fertile state. This is legally permitted in Islam with the provisions that the sperm must come from the husband and wife who has a legal marriage relationship. If it is related to Maqāṣid ash-Syarīʿah, the existence of a sperm bank for freezing can protect offspring or ḥifẓ an-nasl, then in Islam it is permissible because this action has benefits in it. Sperm freezing is permitted provided there is a real problem and it is safe from misuse.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Demokratis dan Kematangan Emosi dengan Kenakalan Remaja Siswa SMA Al-Islam
Authors: Nur Ifni Hafida , Mariyati Lely Ika
Published: July 2024

This study aims to determine the relationship between democratic parenting patterns and emotional maturity with juvenile delinquency of Al-Islam High School students, meaning The three variables used in this research are: democratic parenting (X1) and emotional maturity (X2). Juvenile Delinquency Y. Juvenile Delinquency (Y). This research is a correlational quantitative research. The sample in this study was 289 students from 1,035 students as the population at Al-Islam High School. The data collection technique used in this study used a psychological scale with a Likert scale model and documentation. The data collection technique in this study used 3 scales, namely the democratic parenting scale consisting of 2 items that were dropped out of 35 existing Of the 35 existing items, 2 items were declared invalid, so the number of valid items was 33 items with a reliability test showing a Cronbach's Alpha score of 0.943. and emotional maturity consisting of 18 items that were dropped out of 41 existing items, so that the number of valid items was 23 items with a reliability test showing a Cronbach's Alpha score of 0.792. And the juvenile delinquency scale contains 17 items that were dropped from the 37 existing items, so the number of valid items is 20 items with a reliability test showing a Cronbach's Alpha score of 0.836.