bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foot Care Self-Management in Non-Diabetic Older Adults: A Pilot Controlled Trial
Authors: O’Connor Jennifer J. , Deroche Chelsea B. , Wipke-Tevis Deidre D.
Published: October 2020

Self-management can mitigate common foot problems; however, community-dwelling older adults without diabetes rarely receive foot care self-management training. This two-group pilot study examined feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the novel, nurse-led 2 Feet 4 Life intervention. Twenty-nine adults ( M age 76 years ± 6.6 years) from two senior centers completed the study (90.6% retention rate). Intervention dosage was one hour/week for four consecutive weeks. Study procedures were safe and feasible. Intervention group participants found the intervention acceptable and valuable. Observed between-group effect sizes were the following: knowledge (4.339), self-efficacy (3.652), behaviors (3.403), pain (0.375) and foot health (0.376). Large effect sizes were observed within-groups and within their interaction for knowledge (1.316), behaviors (8.430), pain (9.796), and foot health (3.778). Effect sizes suggest the intervention impacted foot care outcomes between groups and within individuals over seven months’ time. Fully powered studies are indicated to test the intervention in diverse samples with more complex foot problems.
Colluvial deposition of anthropogenic soils at the Ripley site, Ripley, New York
Authors: McCoy Curtis
Published: October 2020

The Ripley site is a Late Woodland through Historic period Iroquoian site located on a bluff overlooking the southern shore of Lake Erie in Western New York in the town of Ripley. Numerous authors have mentioned the presence of a midden along the eastern slope of the site, where prehistoric inhabitants cast refuse down the slope toward Young’s Run. The primary focus of this research is to examine the soils along the eastern slope to determine the origins of those deposits. This research will further reconstruct the depositional processes along the backslope, footslope, and toeslope of the eastern bluff, as well as determine if cultural refuse disposal from the prehistoric occupation of the Ripley site occurred along the eastern slope.
Reciprocity and personality in diet-related spousal involvement among older couples managing diabetes: The role of gender
Authors: August Kristin J. , Kelly Caitlin S. , Markey Charlotte H.
Published: October 2020

Spouses are commonly involved in the dietary aspect of their partners’ diabetes management. Older spouses also may be managing their own condition, however, that requires changes to their diet. Given established gender differences in diet-related spousal involvement, gender therefore may be a more important factor than patient status in understanding this type of involvement. In this study, we sought to understand the reciprocity of diet-related support and control (persuasion and pressure), whether personality traits were related to the engagement in this type of involvement, and whether gender moderated these associations. We used data from a cross-sectional survey of 148 couples (50+ years old) in which at least one member had type 2 diabetes. Engagement in support, persuasion, and pressure were moderately correlated within couples, and women engaged in more frequent support and control of their partners’ diet than men. Using Actor Partner Interdependence Models that controlled for race/ethnicity, marital quality, responsibility for managing meals, and patient status, we found that extraversion was associated with engagement in spousal support and persuasion, whereas neuroticism and conscientiousness were associated with engagement in spousal pressure. Associations were particularly pronounced for men. The findings suggest that there is a moderate amount of reciprocity, as well as gender and personality differences, in diet-related spousal involvement.
Systematic review on the benefit of graduated compression stockings in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in low-risk surgical patients
Authors: Machin M , Younan HC , Smith S , Salim Safa , Davies AH , Shalhoub J
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review is to assess the performance of graduated compression stockings (GCS) in comparison to no venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in the prevention of hospital-acquired thrombosis in low-risk surgical patients undergoing short-stay procedures.

Methods

Aligning with PRISMA guidelines, online databases MEDLINE and EMBASE, Cochrane Library® and trial registries were searched. Eligible articles reported the VTE rate in low-risk surgical patients either receiving GCS or no VTE prophylaxis.

Results

Narrative synthesis was performed on a single eligible article. The included study arm consisted of participants undergoing knee arthroscopy with the use of GCS alone reporting a total of 29 VTE events (4.4%), 16 of which were asymptomatic DVTs (2.4%).

Conclusion

There is a complete lack of evidence to support the use of GCS in the prevention of HAT for low-risk surgical patients. An adequately powered trial is required to provide level-IA evidence to support this practice.
Naturally Acquired Mouse Kidney Parvovirus Infection Produces a Persistent Interstitial Nephritis in Immunocompetent Laboratory Mice
Authors: Edmondson Elijah F. , Hsieh Wang-Ting , Kramer Josh A. , Breed Matthew W. , Roelke-Parker Melody E. , Stephens-Devalle Julie , Pate Nathan M. , Bassel Laura L. , Hollingshead Melinda G. , Karim Baktiar O. , Butcher Donna O. , Warner Andrew C. , Nagashima Kunio , Gulani Jatinder
Published: October 2020

Mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV), also known as murine chapparvovirus (MuCPV), is an emerging, highly infectious agent that has been isolated from laboratory and wild mouse populations. In immunocompromised mice, MKPV produces severe chronic interstitial nephropathy and renal failure within 4 to 5 months of infection. However, the course of disease, severity of histologic lesions, and viral shedding are uncertain for immunocompetent mice. We evaluated MKPV infections in CD-1 and Swiss Webster mice, 2 immunocompetent stocks of mice. MKPV-positive CD-1 mice ( n = 30) were identified at approximately 8 weeks of age by fecal PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and were subsequently housed individually for clinical observation and diagnostic sampling. Cage swabs, fecal pellets, urine, and blood were evaluated by PCR at 100 and 128 days following the initial positive test, which identified that 28 of 30 were persistently infected and 24 of these were viremic at 100 days. Histologic lesions associated with MKPV in CD-1 ( n = 31) and Swiss mice ( n = 11) included lymphoplasmacytic tubulointerstitial nephritis with tubular degeneration. Inclusion bodies were rare; however, intralesional MKPV mRNA was consistently detected via in situ hybridization within tubular epithelial cells of the renal cortex and within collecting duct lumina. In immunocompetent CD-1 mice, MKPV infection resulted in persistent shedding of virus for up to 10 months and a mild tubulointerstitial nephritis, raising concerns that this virus could produce study variations in immunocompetent models. Intranuclear inclusions were not a consistent feature of MKPV infection in immunocompetent mice.
Institutionalism and its effect on labour forecasting in Vietnamese firms
Authors: Nguyen Bach , Do Hoa
Published: October 2020

This study examines factors that influence firm forecasting regarding their labour expansion in Vietnam. Conventional wisdom has it that foreign-owned and large private firms make more accurate forecasts since they have more resources and experience than their smaller and state-owned counterparts. However, this study empirically shows that state-owned and small firms make more accurate forecasting values. There are two possibilities that can explain this counterintuitive result: (1) the institutional incompleteness in the post-communist economy and (2) systematic underestimation of their own performance by foreign and large private firms, which results from the institutional complexity in Vietnam. These unique findings provide valuable information for both academia and practitioners.
Delayed antivenom for life-threatening tiger snake bite: Lessons learnt
Authors: Tibballs James , Padula Andrew M , Winkel Kenneth D , Jackson Hamish D
Published: October 2020

An adolescent victim of an urban snakebite developed respiratory failure, rhabdomyolysis and consumption procoagulopathy but recovered with two vials of tiger snake antivenom administered after a delay of 48 hours. The clinical significance of a post-bite collapse was not initially appreciated. Tiger snake (Notechis spp.) venom antigen was measurable in blood before antivenom but not after whereas antivenom was measurable in blood for nine ensuing days. This case adds to growing evidence that further pharmacokinetic research of venom-antivenom interaction is required to establish the correct dose and timing of tiger snake antivenom. Antivenom therapy, even when delayed, facilitates recovery from snake envenomation.
Ethical health leadership: Lessons from low- and middle-income countries during COVID-19
Authors: Munezhi Martha , Hammad Nazik
Published: October 2020

We adopt a holistic—micro, meso, macro—approach to health leadership ethics to examine how low- and middle-income countries have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare delivery happens within complex settings in low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries. These settings are riddled with systemic political and economic challenges which, in some instances, make it difficult for health leaders to be ethical. These challenges, however, are not unique to low- and middle-income countries. Globally, countries can learn from ethical health leadership missteps that occurred during low- and middle-income countries’ responses to COVID-19. We discuss the implications of problematic ethics in health leadership on managing pandemics in low- and middle-income countries, using Zimbabwe as an example. We offer suggestions on what can be done to improve ethical health leadership in response to future health crises in both high-income and low- and middle-income nations.
Effectiveness and Safety of Twice Daily Versus Thrice Daily Subcutaneous Unfractionated Heparin for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis at a Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Sorgi Meghan W. , Roach Erin , Bauer Seth R. , Bass Stephanie , Militello Michael , Welch Sarah , Lam Simon , Reddy Anita J. , Torbic Heather
Published: October 2020

Background:

The direct comparison of twice daily (BID) and thrice daily (TID) dosing of subcutaneous low dose unfractionated heparin (LDUH) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in a mixed inpatient population is not well-studied.

Objective:

This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of BID compared to TID dosing of LDUH for prevention of VTE.

Methods:

Retrospective, single-center analysis of patients who received LDUH for VTE prophylaxis between July and September 2015. Outcomes were identified by ICD-9 codes. A matched cohort was created using propensity scores and multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for VTE. The primary outcome was incidence of symptomatic VTE.

Results:

In the full cohort, VTE occurred in 0.71% of patients who received LDUH BID compared to 0.77% of patients who received LDUH TID ( p = 0.85). There was no difference in major ( p = 0.85) and minor ( p = 0.52) bleeding between the BID and TID groups. For the matched cohort, VTE occurred in 1.4% of BID patients and 2.1% of TID patients ( p = 0.32). Major bleed occurred in 0.36% of BID patients and 0.52% of TID patients ( p = 0.7), while a minor bleed was seen in 3.4% of BID patients and 2.1% of TID patients ( p = 0.13). Personal history of VTE ( p = 0.002) and weight ( p = 0.035) were independently associated with increased risk of VTE.

Conclusion:

This study did not demonstrate a difference in effectiveness or safety between BID and TID dosing of LDUH for VTE prevention.
No Global Crisis of Trust: A Longitudinal and Multinational Examination of Public Trust in Nonprofits
Authors: Chapman Cassandra M. , Hornsey Matthew J. , Gillespie Nicole
Published: October 2020

Recent high-profile scandals suggest the potential for a crisis of trust in charities, which could have negative consequences for the nonprofit sector as a whole. Although widespread, this crisis narrative has not yet been subjected to empirical examination. To assess the extent to which public trust has changed over time, we examined trust in nongovernmental organizations within 31 countries over nine consecutive years using data from the Edelman Trust Barometer ( N = 294,176). Multilevel analysis revealed that, after allowing for differences in absolute levels of trust and trends across countries, there was actually a small increase in global trust in the nonprofit sector. This increase was sharper among men, people aged below 40 years, and people with higher education, income, and media consumption. Overall, we find no evidence of a crisis of trust in nonprofits; scandals within individual organizations have not affected sectoral trust.
Modular mobile manipulators coalition formation through distributed transportation tasks allocation
Authors: Moussa G. Souleymane , Bettayeb Belgacem , Sahnoun M’hammed , Duval Fabrice , Bensrhair Abdelaziz
Published: October 2020

The use of mobile manipulators for transportation tasks has provided solutions to several flexibility problems in manufacturing systems. Mobile manipulators are mobile entities equipped with robotic arm for loading and unloading of parts and an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) for their transport. In order to increase further the flexibility of these systems, the mobile manipulators could be modular, where their two entities are able to work together or separately. The assignment of transportation operations to different smart entities working together is a complex problem, which has not been addressed sufficiently in the literature. This paper proposes a two-stage decision approach for transportation task assignment, which is based on auction mechanism and a coalition formation process modeled with integer linear programming. A real use case has been implemented to test the efficiency of the proposed method. The proposed approach gives promising results that are discussed.
Hammerstein modeling and hybrid control of force and position for a novel integration of actuating and sensing ionic polymer metal composite gripper
Authors: Wang Hao , Gao Jinhai , Chen Yang , Hao Lina
Published: October 2020

An innovative integration of actuating and sensing ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) gripper is proposed and fabricated in this paper. The IPMC gripper is composed of a stationary copper finger and an IPMC finger attached to a force sensor. In order to make IPMC gripper useful in bio-manipulation application, control strategy is a critical factor to resist nonlinear characteristic of IPMC. Hammerstein model of IPMC output displacement is constructed with static nonlinear portion and dynamic linear portion. We utilize creep operator superposition and auto-regression (ARX) models to represent static nonlinear and dynamic linear portions respectively by modeling methods based on data. Then a novel control scheme is proposed and designed using inverse creep compensator for static nonlinear portion and uncertainty state feedback robust control based on state observer for dynamic linear portion. When IPMC reaches a constant displacement to grasp a miniature object, the grasping force may not be provided enough to complete grasping task. Finally, hybrid control of force and position strategy for IPMC gripper is conducted and realized on physical experimental platform. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of control system to guarantee stable manipulation.
Cytomegalovirus-induced cutaneous ulcer mimicking vasculitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematous: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Hajihashemi Zahra , Bidari-zerehpoosh Farahnaz , Zahedi Khatere , Eslami Behnaz , Mozafari Nikoo
Published: October 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease which can be complicated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during its course. CMV reactivation can mimic an SLE flare and lead to delay in diagnosis. Here, we reported a previously diagnosed SLE patient who presented with fever, leukopenia, and cutaneous ulcers. Initially, this was diagnosed as an SLE flare and the patient was treated with higher doses of corticosteroids but no improvement was observed. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions inside the endothelial cells in the skin biopsy as well as positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for CMV antigen were clues to the correct diagnosis of CMV reactivation. Treatment with ganciclovir resulted in clinical resolution. In this report, a very rare clinical form of CMV infection manifesting as cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis on the lower extremity is described and the literature regarding this case is reviewed.
Napoleonic Legacies, Postcolonial State Legitimation, and the Perpetual Myth of Non-Intervention: Family Code Reform and Gender Equality in Mali
Authors: Kombo Brenda K.
Published: October 2020

In May 2018, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights held that Mali’s 2011 Family Code violated women’s and children’s rights. Widespread protests halted the adoption of a more progressive draft Code passed by the Malian National Assembly in 2009. In Francophone Africa, family codes are legacies of the patriarchal 1804 Napoleonic Code whose reform has been contentious. Drawing from the work of Frances Olsen and Roland Barthes, anthropology of the state, African feminist thought, and critical comparative family law, I argue that by emphasising that the Code ‘reflect[s] socio-cultural realities’, Mali mobilises a myth of non-intervention of the state in the family. This myth serves to legitimate the postcolonial state which faces challenges concerning diversity, democracy, development, and secularism. Tracing the myth back to the Napoleonic Code and through French colonialism, I conclude that it helps to bolster the state while distorting the possibilities for more egalitarian reform.
Short-term Forecasting Ability of Hybrid Models for BRIC Currencies
Authors: Sreeram Latha , Sayed Samie Ahmed
Published: October 2020

This article proposes a new framework to improve short-term forecasting accuracy of exchange rates of BRIC nations, that is, Brazil (USD/BRL), Russia (USD/RUB), India (USD/INR) and China (USD/CNY). The study employs three methodologies for a 42-day forecast: hybrid models based on least square support vector machine, residual hybrid model and automatic hybrid model forecasting using R software. The results show that the proposed residual hybrid model framework, including autoregressive integrated moving average-artificial neural network (ARIMA–ANN)-TBATS, outperformed other models with Brazil and China return series reflecting the best accuracy in ANN model and India and Russia demonstrating the best accuracy in trigonometric seasonal, box-cox transformation, ARIMA residuals, trend and seasonality (TBATS) model. Further, the results indicate that Brazil and China return series follow a non-linear pattern, while India and Russia follow a non-linear complex seasonal pattern. The highest level of forecast accuracy has been observed in China followed by Brazil, India and Russia.
Toward a Pervasive Understanding of Rape Culture: The Extent of its Existence on the University Campuses
Authors: Mkhize Sazelo Michael , Majola Khanyisile Berlinda , Olofinbiyi Sogo Angel
Published: October 2020

Sexual violence has been highlighted as a global scourge. Rape culture being a phenomenon derived from the plight of sexual violence injustices, has addressed the normalization of actions which produce the issues surrounding sexual violence. Rape culture is an old concept, which, however, has been newly campaigned today as the crisis of sexual violence has risen. Women are at the forefront of this issue as they are the most affected; however, this is not to say that men do not fall victim. Experiencing sexual violence can demonstrate physical and genuine harm to survivors. Furthermore, academic performance and social interactions can be contrarily affected by a rape understanding, particularly when survivors face negative social responses and lack of help from college assets. University culprits of sexual assault seem to impart a few attributes to one another (e.g., psychopathic propensities, explicit compulsion strategies, and rape-supportive attitudes), proposing that some male understudies are bound to commit rape against one another. The propagation of rape culture crosswise over campus grounds eventually prompts an extreme underreporting of assault episodes and far-reaching falsehood with respect to rape. University institutions ought to require observer mediation preparing to teach understudies about rape, increment attention to college systems in regard to rape examinations, and change the present demeanor toward rape survivors and culprits. Tertiary institutions in South Africa have made many pledges that fight against violence that is gender-based, especially sexual violations. The findings indicate that rape culture is prevalent at a considerably high rate on university premises. Based on the findings obtained, the normalization of rape culture is a concept that students learn through home-indoctrinated practices, peer-group pressure, as well as through the influence of social media.
Skilling the Rural Youth of the Northeast of India Through Rural Technologies
Authors: Rajendran Vasanthi , Paul David
Published: October 2020

The proportion of rural youth population in India is about 67–68 per cent of the country’s total population. The North Eastern region of India has its share of over 1.07 per cent of the youth population of the country and also a relatively higher proportion of youth unemployment (57.37 per 1,000), indicating that the challenge is paramount. The eight North Eastern states have their unique requirements in skill-based training, depending on the natural resources, industry and native trades. The governments of these states have embarked on skill development missions to meet the aspirations of youth through training, to enhance employability and employment. However, it is observed that the need-based simple skills required by the rural youth of the North Eastern region which will enable them to take up self-employment were not provided by the multiple agencies—both government and non-government. There is a strong need to bring simple rural technologies to the skill development agenda in the North Eastern region of India while creating a way forward plan. There are success stories of young entrepreneurs who have started on a small scale, overcome the difficulties and have grown to make a name for themselves in the region, providing the necessary fillip to the rural economy of the North Eastern region of India.
Private practice metropolitan telepsychiatry in smaller Australian jurisdictions during the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary analysis of the introduction of new Medicare Benefits Schedule items
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Pring William
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To analyse the smaller Australian state/territory service impact of the introduction of new COVID-19 psychiatrist video and telephone telehealth Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) items.

Method:

MBS item service data were extracted for COVID-19 psychiatrist video and telephone telehealth item numbers corresponding to the pre-existing in-person consultations for the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Northern Territory (NT), South Australia (SA) and Tasmania.

Results:

The overall rate of consultations (face-to-face and telehealth) increased during March and April 2020, compared to the monthly face-to-face consultation average, excepting Tasmania. Compared to an annual monthly average of in-person consultations for July 2018–June 2019, total telepsychiatry consultations were higher for April than May. For total video and telephone telehealth consultations combined, video consultations were lower in April and higher in May. As a percentage of combined telehealth and in-person consultations, telehealth was greater for April and lower for May compared to the monthly face-to-face consultation average.

Conclusions:

In the smaller states/territories, the private practice workforce rapidly adopted COVID-19 MBS telehealth items, with the majority of psychiatric consultation shifting to telehealth initially, and then returning to face-to-face. With a second wave of COVID-19 in Australia, telehealth is likely to remain a vital part of the national mental health strategy.
Juvenile Delinquency and Disabilities: A Global Perspective
Authors: Ochoa Theresa A. , Roberts Susan R.
Published: October 2020

Juvenile delinquency is a major social problem in many countries. This special series of Intervention in School and Clinic focuses on the intersection of youth with disabilities and the laws in the United States, Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Norway, which aim to ensure the provision of educational opportunities responsive to the needs of youth with disabilities who engage in behaviors that bring them into contact with law enforcement.
Impact of Hyperoncotic Albumin on Duration of Vasopressor Support in Septic Shock: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
Authors: Flannery Alexander H. , Owen Gary D. , Coz Angel , Thompson Bastin Melissa L. , Patel Kripa
Published: October 2020

Background

While albumin has not been shown to reduce mortality in sepsis and septic shock, a tertiary analysis of a large trial suggested that it may reduce the duration of vasopressor use in septic shock.

Objective

We sought to test if 25% albumin administration was associated with reduced cumulative vasopressor use in septic shock in a real-world setting.

Methods

This was a retrospective, propensity score–matched cohort study of septic shock in which patients receiving albumin were compared with a matched cohort of those not receiving albumin. The primary outcome was days alive and free of vasopressors.

Results

The matched cohort included 335 patients who received albumin and 335 who did not. The days alive and free of vasopressors were similar between the albumin and no albumin groups: 17.4 (0-24.8) versus 19.4 (0-25.3); P = 0.160. Similarly, in-hospital mortality was no different between groups (46.9% vs 44.8%; P = 0.587). Receipt of albumin was associated with fewer ventilator-free and intensive care unit (ICU)-free days: 0 (0-19) versus 11 (0-23), P = 0.007, and 0 (0-18) versus 10.6 (0-22.1), P = 0.002, respectively.

Conclusion and Relevance

Albumin use in septic shock was not associated with additional days alive and free of vasopressors or in-hospital mortality. The finding of fewer ventilator- and ICU-free days may reflect selection of patients who were critically ill for longer periods of time before or after albumin administration. Additional study is needed to clarify the impact that timing may have on the effectiveness of albumin in septic shock.
Developing STEM Identity and Talent in Underrepresented Students: Lessons Learned From Four Gifted Black Males in a Magnet School Program
Authors: Collins Kristina Henry , Jones Roberson Javetta
Published: October 2020

There is well-documented research and data that echo the concern for the future of United States’ ability to globally compete in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) innovation and to fulfill the shortage in talent that exists within this field of study. This concern compels us to seek more impactful and long-term solutions to the issues surrounding motivation and retention of underrepresented students in STEM disciplines. It is imperative that we increase our capability to effectively identify, recruit, and retain underrepresented students within the STEM pipeline. Focusing on identity development as the first of these critical capacities, a case study was conducted to determine if any central characteristics exist that shape the STEM self-concept and identity of four gifted, Black male students who were recent graduates from a predominantly Black, Title 1 high school within a southern, rural region of America. Two 90-min, audio-recorded interviews were conducted with a follow-up focus group discussion a year later. Their experiences were told in retrospect, narrated using their perspectives as they related to their “life” and “STEM” stories. The data revealed STEM identity development very much connected to race, cultural values, and contextual STEM environment. Exploring the dynamics of development surrounding motivation, this article highlights their STEM success to better understand how their STEM talent was developed. Their stories, common themes, and implications for educators are discussed followed by a call for further research.
Optimization of the antioxidant capacity of mangosteen peels (Garcinia mangostana L.) extracts: Management of the drying extraction processes
Authors: García Mónica Leon , Carrión María Hernández , Escobar Sebastián , Rodríguez Aureliano , Cortina Jader Rodríguez
Published: October 2020

Mangosteen peel is a source of natural phenolic antioxidants. During processing, the quality and quantity of these compounds in the final product are altered. Sometimes, the important causal relationships are not easy to establish and thus process management is difficult. This is especially true when biochemical changes can occur as in the case of the drying and extraction process of bioactive materials. The aim of this work was to formulate and solve an optimization problem in order to obtain the appropriate values of the operating conditions that maximize the antioxidant capacity of the dried mangosteen peel extracts. The drying process was analyzed under different drying air temperatures (T) (50℃, 60℃, 70℃ and 80℃) at air velocity of 1 ms−1. The extraction process was done under conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction at 400 W. Antioxidant capacity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. To solve the optimization problem formulated, an artificial neural network was developed. The resolution of the optimization problem allowed the establishment of the optimal operating conditions of the process, maximizing the antioxidant capacity values depending on the characteristics of the process. Results showed that the best operating conditions to maximize the antioxidant capacity of mangosteen peels were a drying temperature of 70℃ and using high-power ultrasound as extraction method.
The Healthy Supermarket Coach: Effects of a Nutrition Peer-Education Intervention in Dutch Supermarkets Involving Adolescents With a Lower Education Level
Authors: Huitink Marlijn , Poelman Maartje P. , Seidell Jacob C. , Dijkstra S. Coosje
Published: October 2020

Supermarkets located near schools influence adolescents’ food consumption. The aims of this study were (1) to measure dietary behaviors during school hours, (2) to investigate the effect of a nutrition peer-education intervention in supermarkets within walking distance to secondary schools on nutritional knowledge and attitudes toward healthy eating, and (3) to assess how the intervention was appraised by adolescents with a lower education level. The participants were adolescents aged 12 to 14 years from four secondary schools in Amsterdam, the Netherlands ( n = 432). Cross-sectional analyses were performed to establish dietary behaviors (pretest). A quasi-experimental pre–post design with a comparison school was used ( n = 3 intervention, n = 1 comparison). Intervention schools received the intervention in a supermarket near their school. The comparison school received no intervention. The appraisal of the intervention was assessed in the intervention schools (posttest). Most of the adolescents who purchased foods from retail food outlets near the school (71.1%) did so from supermarkets (88.6%). The nutritional knowledge scores (β = 0.69, 95% CI [0.23, 1.15], p = .003) as well as the attitudes toward healthy eating (β = 0.17, 95% CI [0.04, 0.29], p = .009) of adolescents from the intervention schools were statistically significantly higher after the intervention, relative to the comparison school. Nutrition peer education in supermarkets can improve nutritional knowledge and attitudes toward healthy eating among adolescents with a lower education. Future research on the short- and long-term effects of nutrition peer education on food purchases and dietary intake of adolescents is needed.
The Role of Frontline Employees’ Competitive Intelligence and Intraorganizational Social Capital in Driving Customer Outcomes
Authors: Kalra Ashish , Agnihotri Raj , Briggs Elten
Published: October 2020

Grounded in social capital theory, this study explores the influence of intraorganizational social capital on frontline employees’ (FLEs) competitive intelligence activities and the subsequent effects of engaging in competitive intelligence on their information communication behavior and relational customer outcomes. We empirically test the hypothesized relationships using multisource, multi-industry data collected from business-to-business (B2B) FLEs and their customers. The results indicate that bridging social capital directly relates to FLEs’ competitive intelligence activities, while bonding social capital functions as a positive moderator of this relationship. Job autonomy also positively moderates the relationship between bridging social capital and competitive intelligence. Results further indicate that FLEs’ competitive intelligence directly and positively relates to customers’ perception of information communication, which positively influences customer loyalty and engagement behavior. These results indicate that the firms’ cultivation of social capital can improve the capability of their FLEs to provide information-based service to industrial customers.
Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection Among School-Aged Children of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hailegebriel Tamirat , Nibret Endalkachew , Munshea Abaineh
Published: October 2020

Background:

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are still major health problems in resource-poor countries. Despite several epidemiological studies were available in Ethiopia, summarized data on the prevalence of STH among school-aged children (SAC) is lacking in the country.

Objective:

This study was aimed to summarize the existing published studies of STH among SAC children in Ethiopia.

Methods:

The search was carried out in open access databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed Central which reported STH in Ethiopia. Open access articles published between 2000 and 2019 were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence was determined using a random-effect model while heterogeneities between studies were evaluated by I2 test.

Results:

A total of 46 338 children (Male = 23 374 and Female = 22 964) were included in the 70 eligible studies for this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of STH among SAC was 33.4%; 95% CI, 29.3% to 37.7% in Ethiopia. Ascaris lumbricoides (19.9%; 95% CI, 17.2%-22.6%) was the most prevalent STH followed by Trichuris trichiura (12.4%; 95% CI, 10.6%-14.1%), and hookworm (7.9%; 95% CI, 6.9%-8.9%) infection in the country. High prevalence of STH was observed in Oromia (42.5%; 95% CI, 31.6%-53.4%) followed by SNNPR (38.3%; 95% CI, 27.7%-48.8%) and Amhara (32.9%; 95% CI, 27.0%-38.8%) regional states. High heterogeneity on the prevalence of STH was observed across studies within and among regions ( I2 > 96% and P < .001).

Conclusion:

This review showed that more than one-third of the Ethiopian SAC were infected with STH. The high prevalence of STH observed in this review highlight the needs of improved control and prevention strategies in Ethiopia.
Examining the impact of abdominal enhancement techniques to assist Chinese-speaking English learners’ phoneme pronunciation
Authors: Yeldham Michael
Published: October 2020

Instruction in second language (L2) English phoneme pronunciation almost invariably includes a focus on improving the learners’ use of their articulatory organs to pronounce the relevant sounds. However, the pronunciation of many English sounds also relies on effort from the abdominal region, and under-utilization of this region can often contribute to pronunciation difficulties. For Chinese-speaking learners of English, such relevant sounds include the long vowel and diphthong sounds, particularly the phonemes /iː/, /uː/ and /eɪ/, and also the voiced fricative consonants, /z/, /ð/, /v/ and /ʒ/. Consequently, this study examined the impact of teaching adult Chinese-speaking English learners to enhance the use of their abdomen when pronouncing these sounds. The main focus of the research was a quasi-experimental component, where both an experimental and control group were taught the same way in all aspects, with the only point of difference being that the experimental group was taught the abdominal techniques. Longitudinal multiple-case studies of learners from the experimental group were also employed to examine for any post-course maintenance of the phonemes as well as possible reasons for this. Results from the quasi-experimental component showed that it was advantageous to teach learners the abdominal techniques. Also, there were some discernible trends in the learners’ post-course maintenance of the sounds. This article then discusses pedagogical implications of the study, and provides suggestions for future research of the abdominal techniques.
Secondary school students’ enjoyment of English private tutoring: An L2 motivational self perspective
Authors: Yung Kevin Wai Ho , Chiu Ming Ming
Published: October 2020

As many students worldwide receive second language (L2) English private tutoring (EPT) that shadows school curricula, examining student perceptions of it is essential to understanding their L2 learning. From the L2 Motivational Self perspective, students’ ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self and L2 learning experience are linked to student enjoyment of EPT. This study explores these links via analysis of survey responses of 2,216 Secondary Six (Grade 12) students who attended a company’s L2 EPT lectures in Hong Kong. Most of these students (80%) enjoyed EPT. They were more likely to enjoy EPT if they perceived more financial resources in their families, attended schools taught in Chinese (students’ first language), had internalized instrumental goals, liked English, were not influenced by advertisements to attend EPT, attended face-to-face tutoring (rather than video tutoring), had a specific tutor, or liked their EPT tutor more than their English teacher. This study offers theoretical implications and directions for further research in EPT and L2 motivation.
The practical and ethical challenges in acquiring and sharing digital trace data: Negotiating public-private partnerships
Authors: Breuer Johannes , Bishop Libby , Kinder-Kurlanda Katharina
Published: October 2020

The ubiquity of digital devices and the increasing intensity of users’ interactions with them create vast amounts of digital trace data. Companies use these data to optimize their services or products, but these data are also of interest to researchers studying human behavior. As most of these data are owned by private companies and their collection requires adherence to their terms of service, research with digital trace data often entails some form of public-private partnership. Private companies and academic researchers each have their own interests, some of which are shared, while others may conflict. In this article, we explore different types of private-public partnerships for research with digital trace data. Based on general considerations and particular experiences from a research project with linked digital trace data, we propose strategies for identifying and productively negotiating both shared and conflicting interests in these relationships.
Tracking sex: The implications of widespread sexual data leakage and tracking on porn websites
Authors: Maris Elena , Libert Timothy , Henrichsen Jennifer R
Published: October 2020

This article explores tracking and privacy risks on pornography websites. Our analysis of 22,484 pornography websites indicated that 93% leak user data to a third-party. Tracking on these sites is highly concentrated by a handful of major companies, which we identify. We successfully extracted privacy policies for 3856 sites, 17% of the total. The policies were written such that one might need a 2-year college education to understand them. Our content analysis of the sample’s domains indicated 44.97% of them expose or suggest a specific gender/sexual identity or interest likely to be linked to the user. We identify three core implications of the quantitative results: (1) the unique/elevated risks of porn data leakage versus other types of data, (2) the particular risks/impact for “vulnerable” populations, and (3) the complications of providing consent for porn site users and the need for affirmative consent in these online sexual interactions.
Incidental news exposure via social media and political participation: Evidence of reciprocal effects
Authors: Lee Sangwon , Xenos Michael
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the causal direction of the relationship between incidental news exposure via social media and political participation. Unlike prior studies, which have relied on cross-sectional data to examine this link, we used two panel data sets to better identify causal relationships. Specifically, we evaluate two unidirectional models (i.e. mobilization and reinforcement) and a reciprocal causal model using both cross-lagged and autoregressive path models. The findings reveal a more complex relationship than most previous studies have suggested. The relationship between incidental news exposure via social media and political participation appears to be reciprocal, with incidental news exposure and political participation indirectly influencing each other through social media use for political purposes. Furthermore, while the relationship between incidental news exposure and political participation is reciprocal, the participation-to-incidental news exposure path exerted a stronger effect than the reverse path in both studies.
Interpretations of the journalistic field: A systematic analysis of how journalism scholarship appropriates Bourdieusian thought
Authors: Maares Phoebe , Hanusch Folker
Published: October 2020

Like many fields of communication research, journalism scholarship draws on theories from other disciplines and mostly applies social theories to make sense of journalistic practices. One theory that has gained immense popularity in recent years is Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory. However, while there are now numerous studies using his concepts, we have little comprehensive understanding of how scholarship applies them. To this end, this study conducts a systematic analysis of 249 articles, using content analysis, textual analysis and citation analysis to examine how field theory is adopted and adapted, as well as who has interpretative authority in shaping Bourdieusian thought in journalism research. The findings suggest a selective in-depth use of field theory and that the appropriation of some concepts is still ambiguous. Moreover, it highlights once more the dominance of Western scholarship in the academic field.
Assessment of the impacts of combustion chamber bowl geometry and injection timing on a reactivity controlled compression ignition engine at low and high load conditions
Authors: Jafari Bahram , Seddiq Mahdi , Mirsalim Seyyed Mostafa
Published: October 2020

The present paper aims to assess the impacts of diesel injection timing and two bowl geometries including re-entrant and wide-shallow combustion chambers on the combustion characteristics, emissions formation, and fuel consumption in a reactivity controlled compression ignition diesel engine under low and high load (five and nine bar indicating mean effective pressure) conditions. The results revealed that diesel injection at −60 CA ATDC under low load conditions significantly decreased soot and NOx emissions simultaneously for both piston bowl geometries. The use of the wide-shallow chamber decreased the period of the ignition delay and increased the engine operable load range as a result of more stable combustion under high-load conditions compared to the re-entrant chamber. Moreover, at all diesel injection timings, the indicated specific fuel consumption was decreased by nearly 4.8 and 6.6% under low and high load conditions, respectively when the wide-shallow combustion chamber was used since the heat transfer loss was lower than that of the re-entrant chamber. However, NOx emission under high load conditions at the center of the combustion chamber and more soot emission in the exhaust gas are two disadvantages of the wide-shallow chamber versus the re-entrant combustion chamber.
Porous boundaries: Reconceptualising the home literacy environment as a digitally networked space for 0–3 year olds
Authors: Flewitt Rosie , Clark Alison
Published: October 2020

Most children growing up in contemporary homes in post-industrial countries use digital media as part of everyday literacy activities, such as to connect with distant family and friends, watch their favourite programmes, play games and find information. However, conceptualizations of the Home Literacy Environment (HLE) have not yet adapted to the implications of these comparatively new practices for young children’s knowledge about literacy or the ways in which they negotiate affectively intense relationships in digital networks. Furthermore, the digital activity of very young children aged 0-3 years and the diversity of print and digital technologies they use remain under-researched. Reporting on detailed case studies of a two-year-old boy and a one-year-old girl in England, which formed part of an EU-wide qualitative study of 0-3-year-olds’ digital literacy practices at home, we problematise the relevance of conventional definitions of the HLE for contemporary homes. Building on nascent research in this field, we argue for the need to reconceptualise the HLE as a digitally networked space, with porous boundaries that enable the very youngest children to negotiate affectively intense relationships and express meaning across diverse modes and media as they connect with distant others in a digitally mediated world.