bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of shopper experiences at an urban farmers’ market using the Stanford Healthy Neighborhood Discovery Tool
Authors: Buman Matthew P , Bertmann Farryl , Hekler Eric B , Winter Sandra J , Sheats Jylana L , King Abby C , Wharton Christopher M
Published: June 2014

Objective

To understand factors which enhance or detract from farmers’ market shopper experiences to inform targeted interventions to increase farmers’ market utilization, community-building and social marketing strategies.

Design

A consumer-intercept study using the Stanford Healthy Neighborhood Discovery Tool to capture real-time perceptions via photographs and audio narratives.

Setting

An urban farmers’ market in a large metropolitan US city.

Participants

Thirty-eight farmers’ market shoppers, who recorded 748 unique coded elements through community-based participatory research methods.

Results

Shoppers were primarily women (65 %), 18–35 years of age (54 %), non-Hispanic (81 %) and white (73 %). Shoppers captured 291 photographs (7·9 (sd 6·3) per shopper), 171 audio narratives (5·3 (sd 4·7) per shopper), and ninety-one linked photograph + audio narrative pairs (3·8 (sd 2·8) per shopper). A systematic content analysis of the photographs and audio narratives was conducted by eight independent coders. In total, nine common elements emerged from the data that enhanced the farmers’ market experience (61·8 %), detracted from the experience (5·7 %) or were neutral (32·4 %). The most frequently noted elements were freshness/abundance of produce (23·3 %), product presentation (12·8 %), social interactions (12·4 %) and farmers’ market attractions (e.g. live entertainment, dining offerings; 10·3 %).

Conclusions

While produce quality (i.e. freshness/abundance) was of primary importance, other contextual factors also appeared important to the shoppers’ experiences. These results may inform social marketing strategies to increase farmers’ market utilization and community-building efforts that target market venues.
Microstructure Refinement of Cold-Sprayed Copper Investigated By Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging
Authors: Zhang Yinyin , Brodusch Nicolas , Descartes Sylvie , Chromik Richard R. , Gauvin Raynald
Published: June 2014

The electron channeling contrast imaging technique was used to investigate the microstructure of copper coatings fabricated by cold gas dynamic spray. The high velocity impact characteristics for cold spray led to the formation of many substructures, such as high density dislocation walls, dislocation cells, deformation twins, and ultrafine equiaxed subgrains/grains. A schematic model is proposed to explain structure refinement of Cu during cold spray, where an emphasis is placed on the role of dislocation configurations and twinning.
‘A magnificent business prospect . . .’ the Coase theorem, the extortion problem, and the creation of Coase theorem worlds
Authors: MEDEMA STEVEN G.
Published: June 2014

The Coase theorem, circa the 1970s, had no settled meaning or content; instead, that meaning and content was created – and in differing ways – by the modeling choices of scholars who attempted to grapple with and assess the proposition that Coase had laid out in 1960. These modeling decisions included both the theoretical frameworks laid onto the theorem and the assumptions (including meanings ascribed thereto) said to underlie it. The present article illustrates this using the 1960s and 1970s extortion debate as a backdrop, showing how conclusions reached regarding the theorem's validity hinged on the Coase theorem worlds created by the authors involved.
Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen
Authors: Freyberger Harald J. , Petermann Franz
Published: June 2014

Das Konzept der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen ist in seiner historischen Entwicklung durchaus kontrovers diskutiert worden und gehört heute zu den am breitesten erforschten psychischen Störungsfeldern. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind diagnostische Fragen (z. B. bei der Entwicklung von Screeningsinstrumenten), die Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren mit einbeziehen. Darüber hinaus sind folgende Themen besonders aktuell: posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen und Geburt, sexueller Missbrauch bei ADHS und Evaluation eines kognitiv-behavioralen Gruppenpsychotherapieprogrammes für deutsche Soldaten nach Auslandseinsätzen.
Evaluation einer stationären Kognitiv-behavioralen Gruppentherapie für einsatzbedingte psychische Erkrankungen deutscher Soldaten
Authors: Alliger-Horn Christina , Mitte Kristin , Zimmermann Peter
Published: June 2014

In der stationären Behandlungspraxis von kriegstraumatisierten deutschen Soldaten wurden bisher eingesetzte therapeutische Verfahren nicht ausreichend evaluiert. Im Rahmen einer Effectiveness-Studie am Traumazentrum Berlin wurde die Wirksamkeit einer stationären Kognitiv-behavioralen Gruppentherapie an 78 Patienten mit einsatzbedingten psychischen Erkrankungen zu drei Messzeitpunkten auf die Trauma- und komorbide Begleitsymptomatik untersucht. Es zeigten sich in der Traumasymptomatik, dem Ausmaß der dysfunktionalen traumabezogenen Überzeugungen sowie der Depressions- und Beschwerdesymptomatik signifikante Effekte nach Abschluss der Therapie und in der Katamnese. Die Effektstärken und der RCI (Reliable Change Index) dokumentieren die Wirksamkeit der Gruppentherapie. Spezifische einsatzbezogene Gruppenkonzepte stellen eine wertvolle Erweiterung des stationären Versorgungsangebotes für kriegstraumatisierte Soldaten dar. Schwierigkeiten in der Untersuchung und Probleme in der Behandlung traumatisierter Soldaten mit komorbiden Störungen werden diskutiert.
Eine Kurzversion des Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-25-F) zum Einsatz bei Gefangenen im Langzeitstrafvollzug in Europa
Authors: Dudeck Manuela , Lathan Monique , Drenkhahn Kirstin , Jäger Susanne , Spitzer Carsten , Freyberger Harald Jürgen , Franke Gabriele Helga
Published: June 2014

Strafgefangene sind im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung deutlich höher psychisch belastet und stärker suizidgefährdet. Die forensisch-psychologische Diagnostik kann jedoch zumeist nicht auf validierte Testverfahren zurückgreifen. Das kann negative Konsequenzen für Interventionen und somit für das Rückfallrisiko von Straftätern haben. Die vorliegende Studie extrahiert aus dem Brief Symptom Inventory 53 (BSI-53), das bei 1001 Langzeitstrafgefangenen (Mindestfreiheitsentzug 5 Jahre) in 11 europäischen Ländern eingesetzt wurde, eine Kurzversion mit 25 Items. Die vier Skalen Einsamkeit/Depressivität, Körperliche Beschwerden, Selbstwert/Minderwertigkeit und Herausforderndes Verhalten/Aggressivität mit je sechs Items wurden explorativ faktorenanalytisch entwickelt und konfirmatorisch geprüft. Ein globaler Kennwert umfasst alle Antworten und schließt ein weiteres Item zur Suizidalität mit ein. Die vier neuen Skalen zeigten eine befriedigende bis gute Reliabilität (α = 0.78 bis 0.87). Im internationalen Vergleich berichteten vor allem Strafgefangene aus Polen und Spanien die höchsten und solche aus Schweden, Finnland und Frankreich die geringsten Belastungen. Das Brief Symptom Inventory Forensic (BSI-25-F) für Strafgefangene sollte in weiteren Studien auf seine Nützlichkeit hin überprüft werden.
Reaktive und proaktive Aggression bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – welche Rolle spielen sozial-emotionale Kompetenzen?
Authors: Lohbeck Annette , Petermann Franz , Petermann Ulrike
Published: June 2014

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht spezifische Zusammenhänge zwischen reaktiver sowie proaktiver Aggression und sozial-emotionalen Kompetenzen aus der Sicht von 1468 Kindern und Jugendlichen (9–19 Jahre). Erfasst wurden Selbsteinschätzungen zu jeweils zwei Subtypen der reaktiven sowie proaktiven Aggression mit dem Differentiellen Aggressionsfragebogen (DAF) und zu sozial-emotionalen Kompetenzen anhand der Schülereinschätzliste für Sozial- und Lernverhalten (SSL). Korrelationsanalysen zeigten in fast allen Bereichen der Aggression negative Zusammenhänge mit sozial-emotionalen Kompetenzen. Mehrebenen-Regressionsanalysen ergaben, dass beide Aggressionstypen durch geringe wahrgenommene Kompetenzen (Selbstkontrolle, angemessene Selbstbehauptung) erklärt werden können und selbstberichtete reaktive Aggression auch mit hohem Einfühlungsvermögen assoziiert ist. Reaktive Aggression ging dabei mit einem niedrigeren und proaktive Aggression mit einem höheren Alter einher. Zudem lagen bedeutsame Geschlechtseffekte in nahezu allen Aggressionstypen zuungunsten von Jungen vor. Implikationen für die klinische Praxis werden diskutiert.
Yaya: Philippine Domestic Care Workers, the Children They Care for, and the Children They Leave Behind
Authors: de Guzman Maria Rosario T.
Published: June 2014

The domestic and care labor sector is integral to the economic and social fabric of almost every nation. Although there has been increasing attention to the plight and experiences of international migrant workers within this field, less is known about the experiences of rural-to-urban migrants employed in this same sector. This study focuses on “yayas”—domestic workers caring for children in affluent families in the Philippines and draws from fieldwork and interviews conducted in Quezon City. Participants were female “yayas” caring for young children while they themselves were separated from their own offspring, most of whom were left behind in their rural communities. Interviews evoked themes reflecting a convergence of broad social and economic issues (e.g., rural poverty), gender norms and roles (e.g., the role of women in raising children), and traditional notions regarding family and parenting (e.g., the role of parents in children’s upbringing, obligations of extended family) all together resulting in a heavy personal burden and transformed parenting strategies in light of spatial distance (e.g., remittances, mediated contact). Interviews revealed themes specific to the experience of being a worker in the care sector, including the nature of the relationship between the “yaya” and her charge, and the “yaya” and her employer. Although findings reflect themes that are consistent with the larger body of work on the experiences of transnational parenting among overseas Filipino workers, the current data suggest some unique patterns that reflect access to fewer economic and social resources among internal migrants in this study.
Erratum: Links between plant and fungal communities across a deforestation chronosequence in the Amazon rainforest
Authors: Mueller Rebecca C , Paula Fabiana S , Mirza Babur S , Rodrigues Jorge L M , Nüsslein Klaus , Bohannan Brendan J M
Published: June 2014

Correction to: The ISME Journal (2014) 8, 1548–1550; doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.253; published online 23 January 2014 Since the publication of this article, the authors have identified errors in the Supplementary Information, mainly concerning the listed primer sequences. There was a deletion in the primer sequence listed for the second stage PCR.
Temporal disease trajectories condensed from population-wide registry data covering 6.2 million patients
Authors: Jensen Anders Boeck , Moseley Pope L. , Oprea Tudor I. , Ellesøe Sabrina Gade , Eriksson Robert , Schmock Henriette , Jensen Peter Bjødstrup , Jensen Lars Juhl , Brunak Søren
Published: June 2014

A key prerequisite for precision medicine is the estimation of disease progression from the current patient state. Disease correlations and temporal disease progression (trajectories) have mainly been analysed with focus on a small number of diseases or using large-scale approaches without time consideration, exceeding a few years. So far, no large-scale studies have focused on defining a comprehensive set of disease trajectories. Here we present a discovery-driven analysis of temporal disease progression patterns using data from an electronic health registry covering the whole population of Denmark. We use the entire spectrum of diseases and convert 14.9 years of registry data on 6.2 million patients into 1,171 significant trajectories. We group these into patterns centred on a small number of key diagnoses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and gout, which are central to disease progression and hence important to diagnose early to mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes. We suggest such trajectory analyses may be useful for predicting and preventing future diseases of individual patients.
High-contrast sub-millivolt inelastic X-ray scattering for nano- and mesoscale science
Authors: Shvyd’ko Yuri , Stoupin Stanislav , Shu Deming , Collins Stephen P. , Mundboth Kiran , Sutter John , Tolkiehn Martin
Published: June 2014

Photon and neutron inelastic scattering spectrometers are microscopes for imaging condensed matter dynamics on very small length and time scales. Inelastic X-ray scattering permitted the first quantitative studies of picosecond nanoscale dynamics in disordered systems almost 20 years ago. However, the nature of the liquid-glass transition still remains one of the great unsolved problems in condensed matter physics. It calls for studies at hitherto inaccessible time and length scales, and therefore for substantial improvements in the spectral and momentum resolution of the inelastic X-ray scattering spectrometers along with a major enhancement in spectral contrast. Here we report a conceptually new spectrometer featuring a spectral resolution function with steep, almost Gaussian tails, sub-meV (≃620 μeV) bandwidth and improved momentum resolution. The spectrometer opens up uncharted space on the dynamics landscape. New results are presented on the dynamics of liquid glycerol, in the regime that has become accessible with the novel spectrometer.
Nature of strong hole pairing in doped Mott antiferromagnets
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Jiang Hong-Chen , Sheng D. N. , Weng Zheng-Yu
Published: June 2014

Cooper pairing instability in a Fermi liquid is well understood by the BCS theory, but pairing mechanism for doped Mott insulators still remains elusive. Previously it has been shown by density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method that a single doped hole is always self-localized due to the quantum destructive interference of the phase string signs hidden in the t-J ladders. Here we report a DMRG investigation of hole binding in the same model, where a novel pairing-glue scheme beyond the BCS realm is discovered. Specifically, we show that, in addition to spin pairing due to superexchange interaction, the strong frustration of the phase string signs on the kinetic energy gets effectively removed by pairing the charges, which results in strong binding of two holes. By contrast, if the phase string signs are “switched off” artificially, the pairing strength diminishes significantly even if the superexchange coupling remains the same. In the latter, unpaired holes behave like coherent quasiparticles with pairing drastically weakened, whose sole origin may be attributed to the resonating-valence-bond (RVB) pairing of spins. Such non-BCS pairing mechanism is therefore beyond the RVB picture and may shed important light on the high-Tc cuprate superconductors.
Petroleomics by electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry coupled to partial least squares with variable selection methods: prediction of the total acid number of crude oils
Authors: Terra Luciana A. , Filgueiras Paulo R. , Tose Lílian V. , Romão Wanderson , de Souza Douglas D. , de Castro Eustáquio V. R. , de Oliveira Mirela S. L. , Dias Júlio C. M. , Poppi Ronei J.
Published: June 2014

FT-ICR MS coupled to PLS regression in petroleomics.
Designing a yolk–shell type porous organic network using a phenyl modified template
Authors: Shi Song , Chen Chen , Wang Min , Ma Jiping , Ma Hong , Xu Jie
Published: June 2014

A new strategy was developed to introduce gold nanoparticles into yolk–shell type porous organic networks under the assistance of a phenyl modified template.
Sulfated quaternary amine lipids: a new class of inverse charge zwitterlipids
Authors: Venditto Vincent J. , Dolor Aaron , Kohli Aditya , Salentinig Stefan , Boyd Ben J. , Szoka Francis C.
Published: June 2014

Charge inverted zwitterionic sulfated lipids have exceptionally high transition temperatures and assemble into lipid aggregates when dispersed in aqueous solutions.
First observation of enhanced luminescence from single lanthanide chelates on silver nanorods
Authors: Zhang Jian , Ray Krishanu , Fu Yi , Lakowicz Joseph R.
Published: June 2014

Largely enhanced luminescence of europium chelates on silver nanorods makes a single lanthanide dye detectable on a confocal microscope.
Bimolecular porous supramolecular networks deposited from solution on layered materials: graphite, boron nitride and molybdenum disulphide
Authors: Korolkov Vladimir V. , Svatek Simon A. , Allen Stephanie , Roberts Clive J. , Tendler Saul J. B. , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Champness Neil R. , Beton Peter H.
Published: June 2014

Solution deposition and molecular resolution AFM of bimolecular supramolecular networks on layered materials including the insulating boron nitride surface.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of UIO-66 and its adsorption performance towards dyes
Authors: Li Yafeng , Liu Yan , Gao Wenyuan , Zhang Limei , Liu Wei , Lu Jingjing , Wang Zhen , Deng Yun-Jiao
Published: June 2014

UIO-66 nanoparticles with octahedral morphology and a high surface area have been prepared quickly and in high-yield by an additive/microwave method.
Template-free synthesis of TiO2 microspheres with tunable particle size via a non-aqueous sol–gel process
Authors: He Kay , Zhao Gaoling , Han Gaorong
Published: June 2014

TiO2 microspheres with tunable particle size were prepared in alcohols without a template via a facile non-aqueous sol–gel process, on the basis of an ester elimination mechanism.
A facile, one-pot synthesis of highly branched Au nanocorals and their enhanced electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation
Authors: Liu Zhenyuan , Fu Gengtao , Tang Yawen , Sun Dongmei , Chen Yu , Lu Tianhong
Published: June 2014

Dendritic Au nanocorals were prepared using a facile one-pot strategy, and exhibit excellent catalytic activity and stability for the ethanol oxidation reaction.
Synthesis, structure, and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric NaNbO3 nanostructures
Authors: Ji Shaozheng , Liu Hong , Sang Yuanhua , Liu Wei , Yu Guangwei , Leng Yanhua
Published: June 2014

NaNbO3 nanowires and NaNbO3 microcubes are indexed to ferroelectric and antiferroelectric structures, respectively.
Enhanced photocatalytic performance at a Au/N–TiO2hollow nanowire array by a combination of light scattering and reduced recombination
Authors: Sudhagar P. , Devadoss Anitha , Song Taeseup , Lakshmipathiraj P. , Han Hyungkyu , Lysak Volodymyr V. , Terashima C. , Nakata Kazuya , Fujishima A. , Paik Ungyu , Kang Yong Soo
Published: June 2014

Maximizing the Au nanoparticle decoration on TiO2nanowire through nitrogen doping for simultaneous enhancement in visible light scattering and electron–hole charge separation.
Gas-phase chemistry of molecular containers
Authors: Qi Zhenhui , Heinrich Thomas , Moorthy Suresh , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: June 2014

The use of mass spectrometry for the investigation of supramolecular capsules and containers in solution and the gas-phase is reviewed.
Heterogeneous catalysis for sustainable biodiesel productionviaesterification and transesterification
Authors: Lee Adam F. , Bennett James A. , Manayil Jinesh C. , Wilson Karen
Published: June 2014

Low temperature catalytic conversion of triglycerides and fatty acids sourced from renewable feedstocks represents a key enabling technology for the sustainable production of biodiesel through energy efficient, intensified processes.
Electronic excited states of chromium and vanadium bisarene complexes revisited: interpretation of the absorption spectra on the basis of TD DFT calculations
Authors: Ketkov Sergey , Isachenkov Nikolai , Rychagova Elena , Tzeng Wen-Bih
Published: June 2014

The influence of the (η6-arene)2M (M = Cr, V, Cr+) composition on parameters of intravalency and Rydberg transitions is explained on the basis of time-dependent DFT.
Syntheses and purification of the versatile synthons iodoferrocene and 1,1′-diiodoferrocene
Authors: Roemer Max , Nijhuis Christian A.
Published: June 2014

This paper describes the improved synthesis and purification of iodoferrocene (FcI) and 1,1′-diiodoferrocene (FcI2).
Microfluidic on-demand droplet merging using surface acoustic waves
Authors: Sesen Muhsincan , Alan Tuncay , Neild Adrian
Published: June 2014

Digital microfluidic chip merges multiple consecutive droplets (nl) selectively and controllably using surface acoustic waves.
Imidazolium-derived ionic salts induce inhibition of cancerous cell growth through apoptosis
Authors: Malhotra Sanjay V. , Kumar Vineet , Velez Christian , Zayas Beatriz
Published: June 2014

A study of the effects of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on 60 human cancer cell lines representing diverse histologies has identified four compounds which show potency at a nanomolar dose.
Identification of tanshinone IIA as a natural monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor by combined in silico and in vitro approach
Authors: Yang Ruolin , Lu Yang , Liu Jianhua
Published: June 2014

Tanshinone IIA was identified as a novel natural MAGL inhibitor by an in silico approach combined with in vitro experimental analysis.
Aqueous nanodispersion of acetylene tethered, quinoxaline-containing conjugated polymer as fluorescence probe for Ag+
Authors: Shi Wei , Lei Yanli , Hui Yonghai , Mi Hongyu , Ma Fudong , Tian Yong , Xie Zhengfeng
Published: June 2014

Fluorescence turn-off probing of Ag+ in aqueous medium was realized by the utilization of a type of conjugated polymer-based nanodispersion.
Two-step thermal annealing improves the morphology of spin-coated films for highly efficient perovskite hybrid photovoltaics
Authors: Hsu Hsiang-Lin , Chen Chih-Ping , Chang Jia-Yaw , Yu Yang-Yen , Shen Yu-Kai
Published: June 2014

A high performance and stable CH3NH3PbI3−xClx-based perovskite photovoltaic device was obtained by a two-step thermal annealing process.
Synthesis, and the antioxidant, neuroprotective and P-glycoprotein induction activity of 4-arylquinoline-2-carboxylates
Authors: Bharate Jaideep B. , Wani Abubakar , Sharma Sadhana , Reja Shahi Imam , Kumar Manoj , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Kumar Ajay , Bharate Sandip B.
Published: June 2014

An efficient synthesis of 4-arylquinoline-2-carboxylates and their antioxidant, neuroprotective and P-glycoprotein induction activity have been described.
Ring-annelated corannulenes as fullerene receptors. A DFT-D study
Authors: Josa Daniela , Azevedo dos Santos Lucas , González-Veloso Iván , Rodríguez-Otero Jesús , Cabaleiro-Lago Enrique M. , de Castro Ramalho Teodorico
Published: June 2014

Ring-annelated corannulenes behave as better C60/C70 receptor than corannulene C20H10. The interaction is dominated by dispersion, with CH⋯π interactions playing a very important role.
Large slabs and allihn condenser type structures of polyaniline by an innovative one-pot approach
Authors: Khalid Mohd. , Tumelero Milton A. , Brandt Iuri S. , Pla Cid Cristiani C. , Pasa André A.
Published: June 2014

A novel water-free process for synthesizing polyaniline is reported. Large slabs and allihn condenser type structures of polyaniline were obtained.
One-step green synthesis of arginine-capped iron oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite and its use for acid dye removal
Authors: Lin Tzu-Yang , Chen Dong-Hwang
Published: June 2014

Arginine-capped iron oxide/reduced graphene oxide magnetic nano-adsorbent is synthesized via a one-step green route for acid dyes removal.
TiO2@CdSe/CdS core–shell hollow nanospheres solar paint
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Sun Hongxia , Tao Xiyun , Zhou Xingfu
Published: June 2014

TiO2@CdSe/CdS hollow nanospheres solar paint were fabricated and directly applied in quantum dot-sensitized solar cell. The reliable conversion efficiency of 0.79 was achieved with a current density of 6.6 mA cm−2.
Determination of aflatoxin M1 in liquid milk using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after magnetic solid phase extraction
Authors: Hashemi Mahdi , Taherimaslak Zohreh
Published: June 2014

A new and sensitive method based on magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) with antibody-free modified magnetic nanoparticles (MMNPs) followed by high performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection (HPLC-PCD-FD) has been developed for the separation and determination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in liquid milk.
Wavelength dependent efficient photoreduction of redox mediators using type II ZnSe/CdS nanorod heterostructures
Authors: Zhu Haiming , Chen Zheyuan , Wu Kaifeng , Lian Tianquan
Published: June 2014

Wavelength dependent electron and hole distribution and dynamics of nanorod heterostructures leads to competing photoreduction pathways with different charge separation and recombination rates and steady state photoreduction quantum efficiencies.
Synthesis of various supramolecular hybrid nanostructures based on pillar[6]arene modified gold nanoparticles/nanorods and their application in pH- and NIR-triggered controlled release
Authors: Yao Yong , Wang Yang , Huang Feihe
Published: June 2014

Organic/inorganic supramolecular hybrid micelles, onion-like disks and vesicles were obtained by the self-assembly of water-soluble pillar[6]arene stabilized gold nanoparticles/nanorods with different amounts of a hydrophobic chain functionalized paraquat derivative in water.
Monodispersed hollow platinum nanospheres: facile synthesis and their enhanced electrocatalysis for methanol oxidation
Authors: Yang Mianyan , Cai Qixing , Liu Chang , Wu Rui , Sun Dongmei , Chen Yu , Tang Yawen , Lu Tianhong
Published: June 2014

Platinum hollow nanospheres, produced using polyelectrolyte-grafted SiO2 spheres as a sacrificial template through an appropriate reduction of preadsorbed PtCl62− ions, exhibit markedly enhanced electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation toward DMFC applications.
Addressing the optimal silver content in bioactive glass systems in terms of BSA adsorption
Authors: Magyari Klára , Gruian Cristina , Varga Béla , Ciceo-Lucacel Raluca , Radu Teodora , Steinhoff Heinz-Jürgen , Váró György , Simon Viorica , Baia Lucian
Published: June 2014

Bioactive glasses doped with silver are aimed to minimize the risk of microbial contamination; therefore, the influence of silver on the bioactive properties is intensely investigated.
Hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Authors: Hunt John A. , Chen Rui , van Veen Theun , Bryan Nicholas
Published: June 2014

Injectable hydrogels have become an incredibly prolific area of research in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, because of their high water content, mechanical similarity to natural tissues, and ease of surgical implantation, hydrogels are at the forefront of biomedical scaffold and drug carrier design.
A single element in the 3′UTR of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter controls both stabilization and destabilization of mRNA
Authors: Soler Dellys M. , Ghosh Ayantika , Chen Frank , Shneider Benjamin L.
Published: June 2014

mRNA stability appears to play a key role in the ontogenic regulation of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT). The RNA-binding proteins Hu antigen R (HuR) and tristetraprolin (TTP) stabilize and destabilize ASBT mRNA, respectively. Potential HuR-binding sites were assessed by sequence analysis in the context of prior in vitro functional analyses of the rat ASBT 3′UTR. Wild-type and mutant-binding sites were investigated by gel-shift analysis using IEC-6 cell extracts. The functional consequences of binding site mutations were assessed using two different hybrid reporter constructs linking the 3′UTR element to either a luciferase or a β-globin coding mRNA sequence. A specific metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) cis-element was identified in the ASBT 3′UTR that became associated with proteins in IEC-6 cell extracts and could be supershifted by anti-HuR or anti-TTP antibodies. Mutation of this cis-element abrogated the gel shift of IEC-6 proteins. Furthermore, hybrid constructs containing a mutant MTA1 element had reduced responses to modulation of HuR or TTP. For the first time, we have identified a single specific sequence element in the 3′UTR of the rat ASBT mRNA that mediates counter-regulatory changes in mRNA abundance in response to both HuR and TTP.
Structural and functional characterization of ochratoxinase, a novel mycotoxin-degrading enzyme
Authors: Dobritzsch Doreen , Wang Huaming , Schneider Gunter , Yu Shukun
Published: June 2014

Ochratoxin, with ochratoxin A as the dominant form, is one of the five major mycotoxins most harmful to humans and animals. It is produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species and occurs in a wide range of agricultural products. Detoxification of contaminated food is a challenging health issue. In the present paper we report the identification, characterization and crystal structure (at 2.2 Å) of a novel microbial ochratoxinase from Aspergillus niger. A putative amidase gene encoding a 480 amino acid polypeptide was cloned and homologously expressed in A. niger. The recombinant protein is N-terminally truncated, thermostable, has optimal activity at pH ~6 and 66°C, and is more efficient in ochratoxin A hydrolysis than carboxypeptidase A and Y, the two previously known enzymes capable of degrading this mycotoxin. The subunit of the homo-octameric enzyme folds into a two-domain structure characteristic of a metal dependent amidohydrolase, with a twisted TIM (triosephosphateisomerase)-barrel and a smaller β-sandwich domain. The active site contains an aspartate residue for acid–base catalysis, and a carboxylated lysine and four histidine residues for binding of a binuclear metal centre.
Intelligent maintenance model for condition assessment of circuit breakers using fuzzy set theory and evidential reasoning
Authors: Lin Po‐Chun , Gu Jyh‐Cherng , Yang Ming‐Ta
Published: June 2014

This paper proposes a circuit breaker (CB) condition assessment model which combines the fuzzy set theory, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and evidential reasoning (ER). Four assessment factors, that is, (i) electrical characteristics, (ii) mechanical characteristics, (iii) insulation characteristics and (iv) miscellaneous factors, are selected as the condition parameters. A hierarchical assessment index system is constructed based on preventive tests data, intelligent electronic device monitoring data, maintenance data and operating environment. The inputted condition parameters indices are processed by the membership functions of a fuzzy distribution to obtain relative impairment grades which represent the relative grade of the CB condition towards the fault. The weights of the CB condition factors and indices are generated by the AHP based on experts’ interviews and feedbacks, and the final assessment is determined by ER according to the decision factors combined. An intelligent maintenance model is built with field examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in assessing the CB operation conditions.
Automatic identification of transmission sections based on complex network theory
Authors: Gang Luo , Dongyuan Shi , Jinfu Chen , Xianzhong Duan
Published: June 2014

Taking transmission sections as the monitoring objects of power system security and stability level can largely improve the efficiency of analysis and control in power system operation. However, existing approaches for identifying transmission sections mainly depend on years of experience, which is not suitable for complicated and variable power systems with large scales. Thus, a novel method for automatic identification of transmission sections using complex network theory is proposed. The proposed method presents the fundamental conditions of transmission sections and identifies them from three levels: transmission lines, key transmission links and partition sections. First, based on the small‐world characteristics of power grid, the index of transmission betweenness is presented to identify key transmission links from transmission lines. Then clustering algorithm of complex network is used to divide the power grid and to obtain partition sections from the key transmission links. Finally, the combinations of partition sections are selected and ranked as the transmission sections. Numerical results with CEPRI‐36 system and a provincial system are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed method.
Comparison of four methods for computing positive‐sequence reactances of three‐phase core‐type transformers
Authors: Sorrentino Elmer , Alvarado Sofía , Silva Pedro , Burgos Juan Carlos
Published: June 2014

This study compares four methods for computing the positive‐sequence reactances of three‐phase core‐type transformers: traditional basic formulae (TBF); two‐dimensional (2D) finite difference method (FDM); and 2D and 3D finite element methods (FEM). A computer program was coded for the FDM, and a commercial software was applied for the FEM. The four applied methods are magnetostatic, and they were applied for computing the three positive‐sequence short‐circuit reactances of a three‐winding transformer. The results of these methods were compared among themselves and with the measured values. In comparison with the measured values: (a) the TBF are relatively accurate, although they are based on an approximate representation of a simple 2D cross‐section for the transformer window; (b) the results with different 2D cross‐sections are also relatively accurate; (c) the results with the 3D modelling are more accurate than the TBF. These facts confirm that the space between the windings determines the value of the transformer positive‐sequence reactance. Therefore the tank‐winding distance and the tank magnetic permeability have little effect on the results. A weighted average of the results of different 2D cross‐sections was computed with the FDM and with the FEM, and the obtained values are very close to the result with the 3D modelling. Although the results are relatively accurate, the main simplifications related to the performed magnetostatic analysis are highlighted.
Steady‐state error estimation in distance relay for single phase to ground fault in series‐compensated parallel transmission lines
Authors: Venkatesh C. , Swarup K. Shanti
Published: June 2014

Distance relay zone reach setting demands for the knowledge of transient and steady‐state error to ensure secure operation. This study addresses the estimation of steady‐state error which will be encountered by conventional distance relay protecting series‐compensated parallel transmission lines (SCPTLs). Different factors like, remote‐end in‐feed, varying levels of series compensation and fault resistance are taken into consideration to arrive at generalised expressions for transposed SCPTL. These expressions can be used to estimate steady‐state error in positive sequence impedance estimation which will be encountered by healthy and faulty line relays, both with and without mutual compensation. Comprehensive analysis is done using two different tower configurations for each of the above‐mentioned factors, both with and without mutual compensation to analyse healthy and faulty line relay behaviour.
New π–T generalised metamaterial negative refractive index transmission line for a compact coplanar waveguide triple band pass filter applications
Authors: Fouad Mohammed A. , Abdalla Mahmoud Abdelrahman
Published: June 2014

This study presents, for the first time, a novel π − T generalised negative refractive index (NRI) transmission line (TL) configuration. It is innovated for increasing the possible passbands in designing microwave components. It is proved that the proposed transmission line can introduce up to seven passbands for completely unbalanced transmission line condition. The detailed mathematical analysis of that configuration based on the periodic network analysis and equivalent circuit model is introduced. As an application for the novel π − T generalised NRI TL configuration, a new compact triple band coplanar waveguide (CPW) metamaterial filter is introduced. The proposed triple bands CPW filter design steps are introduced and its performance is validated using equivalent circuit model simulation, electromagnetic full wave simulation and experimental measurements. Good agreements between the circuit modelling, electromagnetic full wave simulation and practical measurement results are achieved. All the results confirm that the proposed filter has triple passbands from 900 to 960 MHz, 1.4 to 1.48 GHz and 2.4 to 2.45 GHz. Moreover the filter size is compact whose length is only 12.1% λg at first passbands, 18.2 λg% at second passbands and 31.7 λg% at third passbands.
Performance assessment of pulse blanking mitigation in presence of multiple Distance Measuring Equipment/Tactical Air Navigation interference on Global Navigation Satellite Systems signals
Authors: Musumeci Luciano , Samson Jaron , Dovis Fabio
Published: June 2014

It is known that the Aeronautical Radio Navigation Systems sharing the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) frequency band represent a threat to the satellite‐based navigation services. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) and Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) systems broadcast strong pulsed ranging signals within the Global Positioning System L5 and Galileo E5a frequency bands where the aviation positioning aids services are allocated. This study provides an experimental assessment of the DME/TACAN interference effect on the GNSS receivers performance in scenarios where the presence of several transmitters in view generates radio‐frequency interference hard to mitigate by means of the classical solutions. In detail, analysis in terms of the receiver performance will be presented by showing the effect of the non‐ideal pulse blanking on the GNSS signal quality. The optimal set‐up of the mitigation process, investigated by means of a software simulation, is provided.
Direction finding accuracy of sequential lobing under target amplitude fluctuations
Authors: Candan Çag̃atay , Koç Sencer
Published: June 2014

Using recently developed statistical target fluctuation models, the accuracy of sequential lobing is analytically studied. The study shows that the sequential lobing method suffers from a significant performance loss, in comparison with the monopulse method, for the Rayleigh fluctuation model. For other fluctuation models, the performance loss gradually decreases as the amplitude spread associated with the fluctuation gets smaller. The present study aims to analytically quantify the mentioned accuracy loss because of target amplitude fluctuation and aims to assess the engineering utility of the sequential lobing method for practical applications. To that aim, two operational regimes, namely the noise‐limited and target‐fluctuation‐limited operational regimes, are introduced and the boundary between regimes, separating acceptable and unacceptable performance loss with respect to monopulse method, is analytically determined.
DASH Diet, Insulin Resistance, and Serum hs-CRP in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Asemi Z. , Esmaillzadeh A.
Published: June 2014

This study was designed to assess the effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on insulin resistance and serum hs-CRP in overweight and obese women with PCOS. This randomized controlled clinical trial was done on 48 women diagnosed with PCOS. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume either the control (n=24) or the DASH eating pattern (n=24) for 8 weeks. The DASH diet consisted of 52% carbohydrates, 18% proteins, and 30% total fats. It was designed to be rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fats, cholesterol, refined grains, and sweets. Sodium content of the DASH diet was designed to be less than 2 400 mg/day. The control diet was also designed to contain 52% carbohydrates, 18% protein, and 30% total fat. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks intervention to measure ­insulin resistance and serum hs-CRP levels. ­Adherence to the DASH eating pattern, compared to the ­control diet, resulted in a significant reduction of serum insulin levels (−1.88 vs. 2.89 μIU/ml, p=0.03), HOMA-IR score (−0.45 vs. 0.80; p=0.01), and serum hs-CRP levels (−763.29 vs. 665.95 ng/ml, p=0.009). Additionally, a significant reduction in waist (−5.2 vs. −2.1 cm; p=0.003) and hip circumference (−5.9 vs. −1 cm; p<0.0001) was also seen in the DASH group compared with the control group. In conclusion, consumption of the DASH eating pattern for 8 weeks in overweight and obese women with PCOS resulted in the improvement of insulin resistance, serum hs-CRP levels, and abdominal fat accumulation.

Clinical trial registration number: www.irct.ir: IRCT201304235623N6
Estimating both direction and magnitude of flow velocity using photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Singh Mayanglambam Suheshkumar , Jiang Huabei
Published: June 2014

This report studies absolute estimation of both the direction and magnitude of flow velocity, at microscopic scale, with acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy. Fundamentally, it is based on the quantitative measurement of Doppler frequency shift in the short laser pulse induced photoacoustic (ultrasound) signals. Experiments were carried out in a transparent plastic tube through which light absorbing liquid solution (as imaging target) flows. We investigated various cases of flow velocity: (i) variation in direction (0°–90°) and (ii) variation in magnitude (0.5–5 mm/s). This study demonstrates simultaneous recovery of both direction and magnitude from a set of data noninvasively and nondestructively.
The Ginibre evolution in the large-N limit
Authors: Tribe Roger , Zaboronski Oleg
Published: June 2014

We analyse statistics of the real eigenvalues of gl(N, R)-valued Brownian motion (the Ginibre evolution) in the limit of large N. In particular, we calculate the limiting two-time correlation function of spin variables associated with real eigenvalues of the Ginibre evolution. We also show how the formalism of spin variables can be used to compute the fixed time correlation functions of real eigenvalues discovered originally by Forrester and Nagao [“Eigenvalue statistics of the real Ginibre ensemble,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(5), 050603 (2007)] and Borodin and Sinclair [“The Ginibre ensemble of real random matrices and its scaling limits,” Commun. Math. Phys. 291(1), 177–224 (2009)].
Investigation on synchronization of the offset printing process for fine patterning and precision overlay
Authors: Kang Dongwoo , Lee Eonseok , Kim Hyunchang , Choi Young-Man , Lee Seunghyun , Kim Inyoung , Yoon Dukkyun , Jo Jeongdai , Kim Bongmin , Lee Taik-Min
Published: June 2014

Offset printing processes are promising candidates for producing printed electronics due to their capacity for fine patterning and suitability for mass production. To print high-resolution patterns with good overlay using offset printing, the velocities of two contact surfaces, which ink is transferred between, should be synchronized perfectly. However, an exact velocity of the contact surfaces is unknown due to several imperfections, including tolerances, blanket swelling, and velocity ripple, which prevents the system from being operated in the synchronized condition. In this paper, a novel method of measurement based on the sticking model of friction force was proposed to determine the best synchronized condition, i.e., the condition in which the rate of synchronization error is minimized. It was verified by experiment that the friction force can accurately represent the rate of synchronization error. Based on the measurement results of the synchronization error, the allowable margin of synchronization error when printing high-resolution patterns was investigated experimentally using reverse offset printing. There is a region where the patterning performance is unchanged even though the synchronization error is varied, and this may be viewed as indirect evidence that printability performance is secured when there is no slip at the contact interface. To understand what happens at the contact surfaces during ink transfer, the deformation model of the blanket's surface was developed. The model estimates how much deformation on the blanket's surface can be borne by the synchronization error when there is no slip at the contact interface. In addition, the model shows that the synchronization error results in scale variation in the machine direction (MD), which means that the printing registration in the MD can be adjusted actively by controlling the synchronization if there is a sufficient margin of synchronization error to guarantee printability. The effect of synchronization on the printing registration was verified experimentally using gravure offset printing. The variations in synchronization result in the differences in the MD scale, and the measured MD scale matches exactly with the modeled MD scale.
Defect structure and electronic properties of SiOC:H films used for back end of line dielectrics
Authors: Pomorski T. A. , Bittel B. C. , Lenahan P. M. , Mays E. , Ege C. , Bielefeld J. , Michalak D. , King S. W.
Published: June 2014

Back end of the line dielectrics (BEOL) with low dielectric constants, so called low-k dielectrics, are needed for current and future integrated circuit technology nodes. However, an understanding of the defects which limit reliability and cause leakage currents for these films is not yet developed. We primarily utilize conventional electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and leakage current measurements to investigate amorphous hydrogenated carbon doped oxide (a-SiOC:H) dielectrics, the most important in current BEOL technology. The resonance measurements were complemented by transmission Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, x-ray reflectivity, and Rutherford backscattering measurements. Various compositions of a-SiOC:H films were deposited on 300 mm diameter Si (100) wafers. They exhibit a wide range of dielectric constant, composition, and porosity. Variations in deposition method, process chemistry, and post deposition curing were also investigated. We observe a remarkable range of paramagnetic defect populations within the films. In a large subset of the films with similar defect structure, we observe a strong correlation between carbon dangling bond paramagnetic defect densities and leakage currents, especially at lower electric fields. This correspondence strongly suggests that, in this subset, defects observed by EPR are in a large part responsible for the leakage currents at low electric fields. In addition, the results suggest that the observed defects likely limit the dielectric reliability in problems such as time dependent dielectric breakdown and stress induced leakage current in many of these films. However, the EPR results are complex, and a simple universal correspondence between defect populations and leakage does not seem to be present.
Equation of state of liquid mercury to 520 K and 7 GPa from acoustic velocity measurements
Authors: Ayrinhac S. , Gauthier M. , Bove L. E. , Morand M. , Le Marchand G. , Bergame F. , Philippe J. , Decremps F.
Published: June 2014

Ultrafast acoustics measurements on liquid mercury have been performed at high pressure and temperature in a diamond anvil cell using picosecond acoustic interferometry. We extract the density of mercury from adiabatic sound velocities using a numerical iterative procedure. We also report the pressure and temperature dependence of the thermal expansion, isothermal and adiabatic compressibility, bulk modulus, and pressure derivative of the latter up to 7 GPa and 520 K. We finally show that the sound velocity follows a scaling law as a function of density in the overall measured metallic state.