bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time Queue Length Estimation Applying Shockwave Theory at Urban Signalized Intersections
Authors: Horváth Márton Tamás , Tettamanti Tamás
Published: July 2021

Signal control is a basic need for urban traffic control; however, it is a very rough intervention in the free flow of traffic, which often results in queues in front of signal heads. The general goal is to reduce the delays caused, and to plan efficient traffic management on the network. For this, the exact knowledge of queue lengths on links is one of crucial importance. This article presents a link-based methodology for real-time queue length estimation in urban signalized road networks. The model uses a Kalman Filter-based recursive method and estimates the length of the queue in every cycle. The input of the filter, i.e. the dynamics of queue length is described by the traffic shockwave theory and the store and forward model. The method requires one loop-detector per link placed at the appropriate position, for which the article also provides suggestions.
The Great Patriotic War on the newspaper pages: Characteristics and specific features of virtual projects
Authors: Tupchienko-Kadyrova L. G.
Published: July 2021

The author reviews several projects devoted to the heroism of Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War. She characterizes the virtual projects, i. e. the project by TASS IA – “The Great Patriotic War through the eyes of Soviet journalists. TASS presents the frontline reports and newspaper articles of 1945” (January 19 – May 16, 1945); series of articles by Udmurtia information agency (covering the period of January 30, 1942 – May 9, 1945 as presented in the newspapers). The author compares these two projects to the NAB project “One hundred days before the Great Victory. Belarus newspapers in 1945” (January 30 – May 9, 1945) by the goals, contents and depth, and completion. The projects follow the day chronicle on the verge of the Victory, demonstrate the heroism of people in the front and behind the lines, and use information potential of historical newspapers. The author also characterizes the project by Gomel V. I. Lenin Regional Universal Library “The Victory Echo” (May 9, 1945–2020) and the joint multimedia project by Belarus Telegraph Agency and Belarus State Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War: “The Victory chronicle: The living need the memory…” This experience can be used for designing similar virtual projects and other digital information resources.
Patients Compliance In Limiting Liquid Intake And Nutrition Can Regulate Biological And Biochemical Value Of Blood In Patients Through Hemodialysis
Authors: Fauzi Achmad , Triaswati Rusmai , Jumari Jumari
Published: July 2021

Background: IDWG (Intradialytic Weight Gain) is one of the indicators to evaluate the biological value of weight change between the time of dialysis whose value is influenced by patient adherence to limit the intake of fluids and foods high in sodium, while potassium, sodium, albumin, urea and creatinine is an indicator of blood biochemical values whose value is influenced by patient adherence to limit the intake of nutrients.
Objectives: Hospital hemodialysis unit Bekasi
Methods: The sample was selected using the technique of Non-Probability Sampling or non-random sampling with purposive sampling method, and came up with 73 respondents.
Results: Data collection was done through two types of data namely primary and secondary data. Primary data obtained from the questionnaires A and B by the respondent directly and secondary data obtained from the results of direct measurements by researchers that IDWG and blood biochemistry values obtained from the patient laboratory results. The results showed a significant relationship between the level of compliance yng patients for limiting the intake of fluids and nutrients to the IDWG, potassium, sodium, albumin, urea and creatinine with P Value successively ie, p = 0.0005; p = 0.020; p = 0.008; p = 0.013; p = 0.002; p = 0.004 with a = 0.05.
Conclusion: of this study can be used in planning interventions appropriate education, in order to prevent and decrease the physical deterioration of the condition of patients on dialysis due to less or no maximum to limit fluid intake and nutrition.
EXPLORING STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING IN MAKING A DECISION ON A SOCIOSCIENTIFIC ISSUE USING A PERSUASIVE GRAPHIC ORGANISER
Authors: Halim Mastura , Mohd Saat Rohaida
Published: July 2021

The common use of questionnaires and qualitative assessments revealed that students experience difficulties in visualising the structural complexity of decision making. Thus, the use of scientific knowledge was disconnected while making a preference. The focus of this research was to explore students’ understanding of the global warming issue using a Persuasive Graphic Organiser (PGO). This research was conducted among 36 students (Grades 7-9) at a school in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The developed PGO and interviews were utilised as the primary data collection techniques. Meanwhile, a constant comparative procedure was employed in the qualitative data analysis. Results showed that the use of PGO assisted students’ visualisation in relating three essential understandings of the global warming issue. The students were able to: 1) identify anthropogenic factor affecting global warming; 2) clarify the effects of global warming in health aspect, and 3) provide alternative solutions regarding green technology and daily practices. It was also found that PGO is operationally workable and can be conveniently utilised as a visualisation tool for promoting students’ understanding in socioscientific decision-making.
Keywords: decision-making, persuasive graphic organiser, socioscientific issues, understanding of scientific concepts.
Prospects for the creation and use of paired and multiple correlation and regression models in beekeeping
Authors: Galatiuk O. , Lakhman A. , Romanishina T. , Behas V.
Published: July 2021

In animal husbandry, including beekeeping, there are a growing number of independent consultancy services to analyse the performance of the industry in relation to disease monitoring status and preventive measures to maintain proper bee family health. In order to provide expert advice, these services must always be backed up by quality data and accurate statistical analysis. It would give clear instructions on how to interpret the results obtained when processing them, and show directions for improving disease prevention. Currently, there are problems related to improving the control of infectious diseases in bees, as various natural and anthropogenic factors have a multidirectional effect on the economic performance of beekeeping. There are also concerns about the control of infectious animal and insect diseases, which is a multifaceted series of causes due to natural and anthropogenic factors that have a polyvector effect on the economic performance of beekeeping. Therefore, the experimental application of different types of correlation and regression analysis in this industry by constructing pairwise and multivariate dependencies and their statistical interpretation was the aim of the paper. The correlation and regression model under study contains four sets of characteristics: result variable (y) - the amount of honey from 20 different apiaries in one season and factor variables: x1 - air temperature in the apiaries; x2 - amount of probiotic "Enteronormin Iodis + Se" to stimulate the immune system as one of the preventive methods; x3 - number of beehives in each apiary. Linear proportional relationships between apiary productivity and the factors included in the regression model are obtained. According to the results of the correlation-regression analysis, paired correlation coefficients showed that the relationship between air temperature in the apiary and produced honey is medium connection (r1 = 0,666), the relationship between the amount of probiotic applied per frame and produced honey is tight (close) connection (r2 = 0,813), the relationship between the number of beehives and produced honey is medium connection (r3 = 0,633). The regression coefficients show how the amount of honey produced in an apiary changes when each factor changes by one, with the other factors in the equation fixed. So, raising the temperature by 1 °C increases the honey production by 216 kg in each apiary, while increasing the concentration of "Enteronormin Iodis + Se" by 1 cm3 per beehive frame increases the nectar production by 1,12 kg for one hive. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2 = 0,954163) identifies a close relationship in the model created (95% of the factors investigated determine apiary performance). Therefore, modelling in the form of linear and multiple correlation and regression analysis is feasible in beekeeping.
Key words: beekeeping, modeling, system analysis, factor and result characteristics.
Modern condition of the problem of Lime Burreliosis of animals (systematic review)
Authors: Panteleenko O. , Yarchuk B. , Tsarenko T.
Published: July 2021

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in the temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere. LB is caused by spirochetes, which are grouped in the complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, vectors – Ixodidae mites, dozens of species of small mammals and birds actas reservoir hosts, and the role of reservoirs of domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, is not excluded. Although the ecology and epidemiology of the disease have been extensively studied in Europe and North America, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the study of Lyme borreliosis in veterinary medicine. Search, selection andanalysis of scientific data on the research topic were carried out according to acceptable rules for systematic reviews of the literature. The scientometric database Web of Science Core Collection, the database of scientific articles Pub Med and the database Scientific Periodicals of Ukraine were used. Seventy-four scientific articles were used for the article, which contained the necessary set of data and met the set goal. The article highlights the main issues of the etiology of the disease, which describes the characteristics of the pathogen, its properties, genotypic composition of Borrelia, which cause Lyme disease, the spread of pathogenic genotypes of Borrelia in Europe and Ukraine. The connection of Lyme borreliosis spread with ecological factors, climatic changes and anthropogenic impact on biocenoses and biotopes, the role of vectors and reservoir hosts in the spread of LB is described. Data on the prevalence and degree of infection of Ixodes mites with Borrelia, as well as the spread of LB among the population of Europe and Ukraine are presented. The seroprevalence of each of the animal species (dogs, cats, horses, ruminants), clinical manifestations of LB, if documented and indicators of LB prevalence among animals in Europe and Ukraine, as well as currently known treatments, prevention and diagnosis of LB animals are considered. Key words: Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Lyme Diseases Etiology, Ixodidae.
Histološka i makromorfološka metoda analize spaljenih kosti ljudi i životinja na primjeru rimskodobnih grobova sjeverozapadne nekropole Siscije (Sisak, Hrvatska)
Authors: Hincak Daris Zdravka , Filipec Krešimir
Published: July 2021

Prožimanje makromorfološke i histološke metode analize spaljenih kostiju iz arheološkoga konteksta pruža mogućnost boljega razumijevanja tafonomskih procesa koji mijenjaju osteološki materijal tijekom gorenja i nakon polaganja u zemlju. Također, omogućavaju bolje razumijevanje pogrebnih običaja. Analizirani su spaljeni ostaci ljudi i životinja iz dvadeset jednoga groba rimskodobne nekropole iz Siscije (Sisak, Hrvatska). Samo u dva groba spaljeni ostaci bili su očuvani u urnama, dok su ostali bili položeni u zemlju, u grobnu jamu. Očuvanost koštanih i dentalnih ostataka humanoga i animalnoga podrijetla je vrlo niska. Riječ je o fragmentima čija je duljina iznosila do 10 mm, a masa uzoraka rijetko je prelazila 30 g po osobi. Histološka metoda analize omogućila je preciznije odjeljivanje humanih od animalnih fragmenata kosti i odredbu doživljene starosti u rasponu od pet ili deset godina. Za slabo očuvane uzorke bilo je moguće utvrditi je li riječ o humanome materijalu te odrediti doživljenu starost u relacijama dijete – odrasla osoba. Rezultati analize potvrđuju važnost mikroskopske metode u ispitivanju doživljene starosti humanih i taksonomske pripadnosti životinjskih spaljenih ostataka
educación sexual de los púberes: un imperativo para salvar el cuerpo de la nación en la Argentina de las primeras décadas del siglo XX
Authors: Lionetti Lucía
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se analiza la circulación de discursos orientados a la educación de la sexualidad en la Argentina de las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Bajo la impronta de la influencia de las ideas eugenésicas y el desarrollo de la ciencia moderna, una serie de publicistas promovieron una suerte de policía del sexo avanzando sobre una forma de intervención positiva a través de la educación sexual de progenitores, educadorxs y especialmente la población escolar. Centrados en la preocupación del peligroso pasaje a la sexualidad en la pubertad, buscaron en el recurso educativo una forma de prevención o reencauzamiento de los desvíos morales y de patologías sexuales que se ponían en evidencia en esa transición etaria.
BİR POLİTİK TEOLOJİ ÖRNEĞİ OLARAK EHL-İ HADİS YA DA İSLAM DÜŞÜNCESİNDE MUHAFAZAKÂR SİYASET
Authors: ERDİÇ Şaban
Published: July 2021

Hz. Muhammed’in (as) vefatının ardından Müslüman toplumda karizmanın yeni-den inşası sürecinde farklı sosyopolitik, kültürel ve ekonomik arka planlarda fark-lı tepkiler gelişmiştir. Kutsal mirasın korunması sorununa dönük bu tepkiler için-de Ehl-i hadîs, dinî kurumun/geleneğin daimi kılınması yönünde bir tavır ortaya koymuştur. Ekol belirli bir sosyolojik ortamda ürettiği din ve toplum kuramı ile bilgiyi geleneğin tasdiki olarak belli bir zaman ve mekânla sınırlandırmıştır. Süreç içinde bu entelektüel yaklaşım sosyopolitik, kültürel ve tarihî şartlar altında po-litik bir teoloji üretmiştir. Makale Ehl-i hadîsin bu politik tavrını din sosyolojisi bağlamında incelemeyi konu edinmiştir. Bununla ulaşılmak istenen temel amaç İslam siyaset düşüncesinin ağırlıklı bu politik tavrını anlamaya katkı sunmaktır. Araştırma Ehl-i hadîsin söz konusu siyaset anlayışını hangi bileşenler etrafında in-şa ettiğini sorunsallaştırmıştır. Veriler dolaylı gözlemle elde edilmiş olup bunlar kendi bağlamı içinde bazı kavramsallaştırmalardan hareketle fenomenolojik bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur.
The Effectiveness of Surgery-Based Treatment in Advanced Oropharyngeal Cancers
Authors: Kim Young-Chan , Kim Hyeongeun , Kwak Jiwon , Lee Hoyoung , Jung Kwang-Yoon , Baek Seung-Kuk
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives Oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) can be staged down to a lower stage with p16 positivity and de-escalated therapy has been the common practice. The aim of this study is to evaluate the survival outcomes based on various clinical factors in advanced OPC patients. Subjects and Method A total of 58 OPC patients in the stage IVA based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition were treated with primary surgery or primary chemoradiation therapy from 2010 to 2016. A survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan- Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model. Results The median follow-up was 39.5 months. Thirty-eight and 20 patients received surgery- based and radiation therapy (RT)-based treatments, respectively. Clinical T-stage and treatment method were significant risk factors for 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate, and the treatment method was the only significant risk factor for overall-survival (OS) rate. 5-year DFS rate in the surgery-based treatment and RT-based treatment was 76.1% and 36.0% (p=0.001). On multivariate analysis, the surgery-based treatment group was associated with a significantly reduced hazard of death [the hazard ratio (HR) for the radiation-based treatment was 6.565 compared to the surgery-based treatment, p=0.002]. 5-year OS rate in the surgery-based treatment and RT-based treatment was 91.1% and 53.4% (p=0.003), respectively. On the multivariate analysis, the surgery-based treatment group was associated with a significantly reduced hazard of death (the HR for the radiation-based treatment was 7.544 compared to the surgerybased treatment, p=0.012). Conclusion The primary surgery-based treatment for advanced OPC showed a better survival outcome than the primary radiation-based treatment, irrespective of p16 positivity.
- Manajemen Ekstrakurikuler Seni Batik untuk Mengembangkan Potensi Diri dan Melestarikan Warisan Budaya Takbenda Indonesia
Authors: Sari Erna Kartika
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) Mengetahui strategi manajemen ekstrakurikuler seni batik untuk mengembangkan potensi diri peserta didik. (2) Mengetahui strategi manajemen ekstrakurikuler seni batik untuk melestarikan Warisan Budaya Takbenda Indonesia pada peserta didik.

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan tehnik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Proses analisis data dilakukan dengan mencheck list data, menjustifikasi kelayakan data dan verifikasi data (menarik kesimpulan). Keabsahan data dilakukan melalui metode member checking, triangulasi, perpanjangan keikutsertaan, ketekunan observasi dan kajian kasus negatif.

          Hasil Penelitian ini adalah (1) Strategi manajemen ekstrakurikuler seni batik yang dikelola dengan baik dan sistematis dapat mengembangkan potensi diri peserta didik. (2) Strategi manajemen ekstrakurikuler seni batik yang dikelola dengan baik dan sistematis dapat memberikan kontribusi pada pelestarian Warisan Budaya Takbenda Indonesia.
Effect of Low Transformation Temperature Welding Consumable on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress in Welded Joint of A516 Carbon Steel
Authors: Choi Sungki , Lee Junsang , Lee Jae-Yik , Kang Seung-Kyun , Kim Young-Cheon , Lee Seung-Joon , Kwon Dongil
Published: July 2021

The microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stress of flux-cored arc welded ASTM A516-70N carbon steel using a Mn-based low-temperature transformation (LTT) welding consumable were investigated. Microstructural analysis with X-ray diffraction, an electron backscattered diffractometer and a field-emission scanning electron microscope showed that the LTT weld metal was made up of ferrite, austenite, martensite, and bainite with phase fractions 50.5%, 0.2%, 40.2% and 9.1%, respectively. The increase in hardness and the decrease in absorbed impact energy of the LTT weld metal compared with conventional consumable welds were confirmed to be due to the relatively high fraction of martensite phase in the weld metal. The welding residual stress distributions in three coupons (LTT, conventional and postweld heat-treated conventional weld) were compared by the results using instrumented indentation testing. The LTT weld coupon showed compressive residual stress distributed in the weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ), confirming previous studies in which this residual stress was attributed to a martensitic phase transformation at relatively low temperature. PWHT in the conventionally welded coupon considerably reduced the tensile residual stress distributed in the weld metal and HAZ. The LTT consumable, however, showed a significant advantage in welding residual stress, even compared with the heat-treated conventional consumable.
Influence of Ag interlayer Thickness on the Optical, Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Ti-doped In2O3/Ag/Ti-doped In2O3 Multilayer Flexible Transparent Conductive Electrode
Authors: Choe Su-Hyeon , Jang Jin-Kyu , Kim Hyun-Jin , Choi Jae-Wook , Heo Sung-Bo , Kim Yu-Sung , Kong Young-Min , Kim Daeil
Published: July 2021

Transparent and conductive Ti-doped In2O3 (TIO)/Ag/Ti-doped In2O3 (TAT) multilayer films were deposited on colorless poly imide (CPI) substrates by direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at room temperature. During deposition the thickness of both the top and bottom TIO layer was fixed at 30 nm, while the thickness of the Ag interlayer was varied, to 5, 10, and 15 nm, to enhance the optical, electrical and mechanical properties of the films. In the XRD analysis the TIO films did not show any characteristic peaks in the diffraction pattern. The 10 nm thick Ag inter layer showed some characteristic peaks of Ag (111), (200), (220) and (311), respectively, and the grain size of the Ag interlayer enlarged as Ag thickness increased. To investigate the most efficient Ag interlayer thickness, a figure of merit (FOM) based on the opto-electrical performance of the transparent conducting films was compared. The films with a 10 nm thick Ag interlayer exhibited a higher FOM of 1.71 × 10-2 Ω-1 than the other films. When the radius of the film's curvature was reduced to 1.7 mm, the TIO single layer films showed a 13 times increase in sheet resistance, while the TAT (30/10/30 nm) films showed an insignificant change in sheet resistance. From the observed results, it was concluded that the Ag interlayer in the TAT multilayer films enhanced the opto-electrical performance of the films and also acted as a potent bridge which assured the high flexibility endurance of the films.
Fabrication of Metal Nanowire Based Stretchable Mesh Electrode for Wearable Heater Application
Authors: Jang Nam-Su , Kim Kang-Hyun , Kim Jong-Man
Published: July 2021

In recent years, human-convenient smart wearable devices have attracted considerable attention as emerging applications in smart healthcare systems, soft robotics, and human-machine interfaces. In particular, resistive film heaters with mechanical flexibility and excellent mechanical and electrothermal performance have recently been widely explored for wearable thermotherapy applications. Here, we present a simple and efficient way of fabricating highly flexible and stretchable resistive film heaters based on a patterned silver nanowire (AgNW)/polymer composite structure. The AgNW/polymer composite electrodes were successfully prepared using a photolithographically patterned polymer mold based selective transfer of a AgNW percolation network. The photolithographic mold patterning process allows the heater fabrication to be precise and reproducible. The mesh-patterned AgNW/polymer composite heater exhibited the excellent electrothermal performance of ~46.7 oC at 3 V. This low-voltage operation is highly desirable in practical wearable device applications. Moreover, the AgNW/polymer heater can be stretched up to 20% without significant degradation in electrothermal performance thanks to its open-cell architecture, suggesting that the device can stably transfer heat to the skin after being attached to various body parts with curvilinear surfaces. The experimental results suggest that the mesh-structured AgNW/polymer composite heaters are highly feasible for use as a wearable thermotherapy tool in many emerging applications.
Odontología de mínima intervención: minimizando el ciclo de la restauración: Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Naccha Torres Andres , Otazú Aldana Claudia Gabriela
Published: July 2021

Objective: to present the current concepts of Minimal Intervention Dentistry with an emphasis on minimizing the restoration cycle. Materials and methods: a bibliographic search of articles in English and Spanish was carried out in databases: Pubmed, with the words: dental caries, minimal invasive dentistry; Also, Google Scholar search was used with the keywords: dental caries, minimal intervention dentistry, tooth structure and dental remineralization in articles published between 2016 and 2020.  Results: the sample consisted of 40 scientific publications, including a literature review, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, case reports, complete original articles referring to deciduous and mixed dentition, and minimal intervention treatment alternatives. Conclusions: the objective of Minimal Intervention Dentistry is to avoid unnecessarily removing healthy dental tissue, avoiding the use of the high-speed handpiece and reducing the restoration cycle, allowing to reduce work time, stress for pediatric patient and placement of anesthesia. Treatment alternatives within the MID premise are shown to dentists so they can use them in their pediatric patients according to the clinical cases that are presented to them.
OBEYING TO KYAI FOR MARRIAGE: A TRADITION IN MAQĀSID SHARĪ’AH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Masruh Ahmad
Published: July 2021

This article is the result of a qualitative field research. The research location is at the At-Tahdzib Islamic Boarding School Rejoagung Ngoro Jombang. The direction of the discussion in this article is how to place the marriage tradition following the Kyai within the framework of maqasid marriage and maqasid shariah. The researcher uses maqasid al-nikah and maqasid shariah theory in explaining the position of the marriage tradition following the Kyai, because the maqasid al-nikah and maqasid shariah theories. The researcher argues that the marriage tradition following the Kyai provides advocacy for the protection of the bride and groom in achieving the goals of marriage and the goals of the Shari'a that arise from marriage

Keywords: marriage is obedient to the kyai, maqasid shariah.

 

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian kualitatif lapangan. Lokasi penelitian berada di  Pesantren At-Tahdzib Rejoagung Ngoro Jombang. Arah diskusi artikel ini adalah bagaimana mendudukkan tradisi pernikahan mengikuti Kyai dalam bingkai maqasid pernikahan dan maqasid shariah. Peneliti menggunakan maqasid al-nikah dan teori maqasid shariah dalam menjelaskan posisi tradisi pernikahan mengikuti Kyai, karena teori maqasid al-nikah dan maqasid shariah. Peneliti berargumen bahwa tradisi pernikahan mengikuti Kyai memberikan advokasi perlindungan kepada calon pengantin dalam mencapai tujuan pernikahan dan tujuan syariat yang timbul akibat pernikahan.

Kata Kunci: pernikahan taat kyai, maqasid shariah,
Quantum phenomenology as a “rigorous science”
Authors: Penchev Vasil
Published: July 2021

Husserl remained a few famous and notable philosophical “slogans” along with his innovative doctrine of phenomenology directed to transcend “reality” in a more general essence. Husserl’s tradition can be tracked as an idea for philosophy to be reinterpreted in a way to be both generalized and mathematized. The paper offers a pattern borrowed from the theory of information and quantum information to formalize logically a few key concepts of Husserl’s phenomenology such as “epoché” “eidetic, phenomenological, and transcendental reductions” as well as the identification of “phenomenological, transcendental, and psychological reductions” in a way allowing for that identification to be continued to “eidetic reduction” (and thus to mathematics). A basic conclusion states for the unification of philosophy, mathematics, and physics in their foundations and fundamentals to be the Husserl tradition both tracked to its origin and embodied in the development of human cognition in the third millennium.
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Modeling of Co-utilization of Glucose and Xylose for 2,3-BDO Production by Zymomonas mobilis
Authors: Wu Chao , Spiller Ryan , Dowe Nancy , Bomble Yannick J. , St. John Peter C.
Published: July 2021

Prior engineering of the ethanologen Zymomonas mobilis has enabled it to metabolize xylose and to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) as a dominant fermentation product. When co-fermenting with xylose, glucose is preferentially utilized, even though xylose metabolism generates ATP more efficiently during 2,3-BDO production on a BDO-mol basis. To gain a deeper understanding of Z. mobilis metabolism, we first estimated the kinetic parameters of the glucose facilitator protein of Z. mobilis by fitting a kinetic uptake model, which shows that the maximum transport capacity of glucose is seven times higher than that of xylose, and glucose is six times more affinitive to the transporter than xylose. With these estimated kinetic parameters, we further compared the thermodynamic driving force and enzyme protein cost of glucose and xylose metabolism. It is found that, although 20% more ATP can be yielded stoichiometrically during xylose utilization, glucose metabolism is thermodynamically more favorable with 6% greater cumulative Gibbs free energy change, more economical with 37% less enzyme cost required at the initial stage and sustains the advantage of the thermodynamic driving force and protein cost through the fermentation process until glucose is exhausted. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pdh), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) and phosphoglycerate mutase (pgm) are identified as thermodynamic bottlenecks in glucose utilization pathway, as well as two more enzymes of xylose isomerase and ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase in xylose metabolism. Acetolactate synthase is found as potential engineering target for optimized protein cost supporting unit metabolic flux. Pathway analysis was then extended to the core stoichiometric matrix of Z. mobilis metabolism. Growth was simulated by dynamic flux balance analysis and the model was validated showing good agreement with experimental data. Dynamic FBA simulations suggest that a high agitation is preferable to increase 2,3-BDO productivity while a moderate agitation will benefit the 2,3-BDO titer. Taken together, this work provides thermodynamic and kinetic insights of Z. mobilis metabolism on dual substrates, and guidance of bioengineering efforts to increase hydrocarbon fuel production.
Niche Laminin and IGF-1 Additively Coordinate the Maintenance of Oct-4 Through CD49f/IGF-1R-Hif-2α Feedforward Loop in Mouse Germline Stem Cells
Authors: Au Heng-Kien , Peng Syue-Wei , Guo Chin-Lin , Lin Chien-Chia , Wang Yi-Lin , Kuo Yung-Che , Law Tsz-Yau , Ho Hong-Nerng , Ling Thai-Yen , Huang Yen-Hua
Published: July 2021

The mechanism on how extracellular matrix (ECM) cooperates with niche growth factors and oxygen tension to regulate the self-renewal of embryonic germline stem cells (GSCs) still remains unclear. Lacking of an appropriate in vitro cell model dramatically hinders the progress. Herein, using a serum-free culture system, we demonstrated that ECM laminin cooperated with hypoxia and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) to additively maintain AP activity and Oct-4 expression of AP+GSCs. We found the laminin receptor CD49f expression in d2 testicular GSCs that were surrounded by laminin. Laminin and hypoxia significantly increased the GSC stemness-related genes, including Hif-2α, Oct-4, IGF-1R, and CD49f. Cotreatment of IGF-1 and laminin additively increased the expression of IGF-IR, CD49f, Hif-2α, and Oct-4. Conversely, silencing IGF-1R and/or CD49f decreased the expression of Hif-2α and Oct-4. The underlying mechanism involved CD49f/IGF1R-(PI3K/AKT)-Hif-2α signaling loop, which in turn maintains Oct-4 expression, symmetric self-renewal, and cell migration. These findings reveal the additive niche laminin/IGF-IR network during early GSC development.
Increasing LFA-1 Expression Enhances Immune Synapse Architecture and T Cell Receptor Signaling in Jurkat E6.1 Cells
Authors: Cassioli Chiara , Balint Stefan , Compeer Ewoud B. , Felce James H. , Gamberucci Alessandra , Della Bella Chiara , Felce Suet Ling , Brunetti Jlenia , Valvo Salvatore , Pende Daniela , D’Elios Mario M. , Moretta Lorenzo , Dustin Michael L. , Baldari Cosima T.
Published: July 2021

The Jurkat E6.1 clone has been extensively used as a powerful tool for the genetic and biochemical dissection of the TCR signaling pathway. More recently, these cells have been exploited in imaging studies to identify key players in immunological synapse (IS) assembly in superantigen-specific conjugates and to track the dynamics of signaling molecules on glass surfaces coated with activating anti-CD3 antibodies. By comparison, Jurkat cells have been used only scantily for imaging on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) incorporating laterally mobile TCR and integrin ligands, which allow to study synaptic rearrangements of surface molecules and the fine architecture of the mature IS, likely due to limitations in the assembly of immune synapses with well-defined architecture. Here we have explored whether upregulating the low levels of endogenous LFA-1 expression on Jurkat E6.1 cells through transduction with CD11a- and CD18-encoding lentiviruses can improve IS architecture. We show that, while forced LFA-1 expression did not affect TCR recruitment to the IS, E6.1 LFA-1highcells assembled better structured synapses, with a tighter distribution of signaling-competent TCRs at the center of the IS. LFA-1 upregulation enhanced protein phosphotyrosine signaling on SLBs but not at the IS formed in conjugates with SEE-pulsed APCs, and led to the constitutive formation of an intracellular phosphotyrosine pool co-localizing with endosomal CD3ζ. This was paralleled by an increase in the levels of p-ZAP-70 and p-Erk both under basal conditions and following activation, and in enhanced Ca2+mobilization from intracellular stores. The enhancement in early signaling E6.1 LFA-1highcells did not affect expression of the early activation marker CD69 but led to an increase in IL-2 expression. Our results highlight a new role for LFA-1 in the core architecture of the IS that can be exploited to study the spatiotemporal redistribution of surface receptors on SLBs, thereby extending the potential of E6.1 cells and their derivatives for fine-scale imaging studies.
A Scarless Healing Tale: Comparing Homeostasis and Wound Healing of Oral Mucosa With Skin and Oesophagus
Authors: Pereira Diana , Sequeira Inês
Published: July 2021

Epithelial tissues are the most rapidly dividing tissues in the body, holding a natural ability for renewal and regeneration. This ability is crucial for survival as epithelia are essential to provide the ultimate barrier against the external environment, protecting the underlying tissues. Tissue stem and progenitor cells are responsible for self-renewal and repair during homeostasis and following injury. Upon wounding, epithelial tissues undergo different phases of haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling, often resulting in fibrosis and scarring. In this review, we explore the phenotypic differences between the skin, the oesophagus and the oral mucosa. We discuss the plasticity of these epithelial stem cells and contribution of different fibroblast subpopulations for tissue regeneration and wound healing. While these epithelial tissues share global mechanisms of stem cell behaviour for tissue renewal and regeneration, the oral mucosa is known for its outstanding healing potential with minimal scarring. We aim to provide an updated review of recent studies that combined cell therapy with bioengineering exporting the unique scarless properties of the oral mucosa to improve skin and oesophageal wound healing and to reduce fibrotic tissue formation. These advances open new avenues toward the ultimate goal of achieving scarless wound healing.
Emodin Prevented Depression in Chronic Unpredicted Mild Stress-Exposed Rats by Targeting miR-139-5p/5-Lipoxygenase
Authors: Zhang Teng , Yang Can , Chu Jiang , Ning Lin-Na , Zeng Peng , Wang Xiao-Ming , Shi Yan , Qin Bao-Jian , Qu Na , Zhang Qi , Tian Qing
Published: July 2021

Background

The use of medicinal plant ingredients is one of the goals of developing potential drugs for treating depression. Compelling evidence suggests that anti-inflammatory medicines may block the occurrence of depression. We studied the effect of a natural compound, emodin, on the development of psychosocial stress-induced depression and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) for 7 weeks was performed to replicate psychosocial stress in rats. The sucrose preference test, force swimming test, and open field test were used to evaluate their behaviors. The differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus were analyzed using proteomics. Nissl staining and Golgi staining were used to detect the loss of neurons and synapses, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the activation of microglia, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were also performed.

Results

Hippocampal inflammation with up-regulated 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) was observed in the depressed rats after CUMS exposure. The upregulation of 5-LO was caused by decreased miR-139-5p. To observe the effect of emodin, we screened out depression-susceptible (DeS) rats during CUMS and treated them with emodin (80 mg/kg/day). Two weeks later, emodin prevented the depression behaviors in DeS rats along with a series of pathological changes in their hippocampi, such as loss of neurons and spines, microglial activation, increased interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the activation of 5-LO. Furthermore, we demonstrated that emodin inhibited its excess inflammatory response, possibly by targeting miR-139-5p/5-LO and modulating glycogen synthase kinase 3β and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.

Conclusion

These results provide important evidence that emodin may be a candidate agent for the treatment of depression and established a key role of miR-139-5p/5-LO in the inflammation of depression.
Cell Cycle Commitment and the Origins of Cell Cycle Variability
Authors: Brooks Robert F.
Published: July 2021

Exit of cells from quiescence following mitogenic stimulation is highly asynchronous, and there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the response. Even in a single, clonal population, some cells re-enter the cell cycle after a sub-optimal mitogenic signal while other, seemingly identical cells, do not, though they remain capable of responding to a higher level of stimulus. This review will consider the origins of this variability and heterogeneity, both in cells re-entering the cycle from quiescence and in the context of commitment decisions in continuously cycling populations. Particular attention will be paid to the role of two interacting molecular networks, namely the RB-E2F and APC/CCDH1“switches.” These networks have the property of bistability and it seems likely that they are responsible for dynamic behavior previously described kinetically by Transition Probability models of the cell cycle. The relationship between these switches and the so-called Restriction Point of the cell cycle will also be considered.
Inability of Low Oxygen Tension to Induce Chondrogenesis in Human Infrapatellar Fat Pad Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Rahman Samia , Szojka Alexander R. A. , Liang Yan , Kunze Melanie , Goncalves Victoria , Mulet-Sierra Aillette , Jomha Nadr M. , Adesida Adetola B.
Published: July 2021

Objective

Articular cartilage of the knee joint is avascular, exists under a low oxygen tension microenvironment, and does not self-heal when injured. Human infrapatellar fat pad-sourced mesenchymal stem cells (IFP-MSC) are an arthroscopically accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for the repair of articular cartilage defects. Human IFP-MSC exists physiologically under a low oxygen tension (i.e., 1–5%) microenvironment. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) exist physiologically within a similar range of oxygen tension. A low oxygen tension of 2% spontaneously induced chondrogenesis in micromass pellets of human BM-MSC. However, this is yet to be demonstrated in human IFP-MSC or other adipose tissue-sourced MSC. In this study, we explored the potential of low oxygen tension at 2% to drive the in vitro chondrogenesis of IFP-MSC. We hypothesized that 2% O2 will induce stable chondrogenesis in human IFP-MSC without the risk of undergoing endochondral ossification at ectopic sites of implantation.

Methods

Micromass pellets of human IFP-MSC were cultured under 2% O2 or 21% O2 (normal atmosphere O2) in the presence or absence of chondrogenic medium with transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3) for 3 weeks. Following in vitro chondrogenesis, the resulting pellets were implanted in immunodeficient athymic nude mice for 3 weeks.

Results

A low oxygen tension of 2% was unable to induce chondrogenesis in human IFP-MSC. In contrast, chondrogenic medium with TGFβ3 induced in vitro chondrogenesis. All pellets were devoid of any evidence of undergoing endochondral ossification after subcutaneous implantation in athymic mice.
N6-Methyladenosine Modification Opens a New Chapter in Circular RNA Biology
Authors: Wu Jun , Guo Xin , Wen Yi , Huang Shangqing , Yuan Xiaohui , Tang Lijun , Sun Hongyu
Published: July 2021

As the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic cells, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA has shown widespread regulatory roles in a variety of physiological processes and disease progressions. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently closed circular RNA molecules and play an essential role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that m6A modification is widely existed in circRNAs and found its key biological functions in regulating circRNA metabolism, including biogenesis, translation, degradation and cellular localization. Through regulating circRNAs, studies have shown the important roles of m6A modification in circRNAs during immunity and multiple diseases, which represents a new layer of control in physiological processes and disease progressions. In this review, we focused on the roles played by m6A in circRNA metabolism, summarized the regulatory mechanisms of m6A-modified circRNAs in immunity and diseases, and discussed the current challenges to study m6A modification in circRNAs and the possible future directions, providing a comprehensive insight into understanding m6A modification of circRNAs in RNA epigenetics.
Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Echinococcus in Sheep in China From 1983 to 2020
Authors: Gao Yang , Wang Wei , Lyu Chuang , Wei Xin-Yu , Chen Yu , Zhao Quan , Ran Zhi-Guang , Xia You-Qing
Published: July 2021

Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of cestode species that belong to the genusEchinococcus. The infection of hydatid in sheep is very common in China, especially in the northwestern China. Here, we conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis of echinococcosis in sheep in China. Six databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Baidu Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP Chinese Journal Database) were used to retrieve the literatures on echinococcosis in sheep in China from 1983 to 2020, and 74 studies. The random effects model was used in the “meta” package of the R software and the PFT was chosen for rate conversion. The research data were analyzed through subgroup analysis and univariate meta-regression analysis to reveal the factors that lead to research heterogeneity. The combined prevalence ofEchinococcusin the selected period was estimated to be 30.9% (192,094/826,406). In the analysis of sampling year, the lowest positive rate was 13.9% (10,296/177,318) after 2011. The highest prevalence ofEchinococcuswas 51.1% (278/531) in the southwestern China. The highest infection rate in sheep was 20.1% (58,344/597,815) in the liver. The analysis based on age showed that the infection rate of elderly sheep was significantly higher than that in younger animals (P< 0.05). We also evaluated the effects of different geographic and climatic factors on the prevalence ofEchinococcusin sheep. The results showed that the prevalence ofEchinococcuswas higher in high altitude, cold, humid, and high rainfall areas. It is necessary to carry out long-term monitoring and control of echinococcosis, cut off the infection route, and reduce the risk of infection in the high risk areas.
Turn Continuations and Gesture: “And Then”-Prefacing in Multi-Party Conversations
Authors: Rönnqvist Sara , Lindström Jan
Published: July 2021

This article offers an analysis of turn-expanding practices with the connectiveå sen‘and then’ in Swedish multi-party conversations in which the participants discuss and assess works of visual art. The connective is recurrently used to introduce a turn continuation, i.e. a stretch of talk that is produced after a possibly completed turn-constructional unit (TCU). We identify three types of continuations: same-speaker continuations, occurring post gap or post-other talk, and other-continuations by the next speaker. Some of the “and then” continuations are clausal, syntactically free-standing, while non-clausal continuations have more in common with TCU increments. “And then” continuations specify, restrict or redirect the unfolding contribution while at the same time orienting to a collective interactional project. In same-speaker continuations, the speaker can introduce a new aspect of the established theme or offer an account. Other-continuations can be used to achieve a shift in footing to introduce a somewhat non-aligning contribution. Both grammar and embodied resources (especially hand gestures) are activated in the management of the completion of a prior turn unit, the initiation of a turn continuation and the recompletion of the speaker’s turn. The typical multimodal trajectory is: syntactic completion of a first unit + retracted gesture; link to prior talk and upcoming talk with “and then” followed by the core of the continuation +aredeployed gesture; and finally, syntactic completion of the continuing unit + retracted gesture to a rest position.
Oseltamivir Improved Thrombocytopenia During Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adults With Refractory Cardiac Failure: A Single-Center Retrospective Real-World Study
Authors: Li Yuan , Wang Lin , Zhang Jianning , Han Hui , Liu Han , Li Chaoyang , Guo Haipeng , Chen Yuguo , Chen Xiaomei
Published: July 2021

Background: Severe thrombocytopenia is a common complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Oseltamivir can be used to treat infection-associated thrombocytopenia.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of oseltamivir on attenuating severe thrombocytopenia during ECMO.

Methods: This was a single-center real-world study in critically ill patients supported with venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Patients suspected or confirmed with influenza received oseltamivir according to the Chinese guidelines. Thrombocytopenia and survival were compared between the oseltamivir-treated and untreated group. The factors associated with survival were analyzed by multivariable Cox analysis.

Results: A total of 82 patients were included. All patients developed thrombocytopenia after initiating VA-ECMO. Twenty-three patients received oseltamivir (O+ group), and 59 did not use oseltamivir (O− group). During the first 8 days after VA-ECMO initiation, the platelet count in the O+ group was higher than that in the O− group (all P < 0.05). The patients in the O+ group had a higher median nadir platelet count (77,000/μl, 6,000–169,000/μl) compared with the O− group (49,000/μl, 2,000–168,000/μl; P = 0.04). A nadir platelet count of <50,000/μl was seen in 26% of the patients in the O+ group, compared with 53% in the O− group (P = 0.031). No significant difference in survival from cardiac failure was seen between the O+ and O− group (48 vs. 56%, P = 0.508). The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score on initiation of VA-ECMO were independently associated with survival (OR = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.02–1.22, P = 0.015).

Conclusions: Oseltamivir could ameliorate VA-ECMO-related thrombocytopenia. These findings suggested the prophylactic potential of oseltamivir on severe thrombocytopenia associated with the initiation of VA-ECMO.