bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La fabrique des « troubles spécifiques des apprentissages » en quartier populaire urbain. Usages sociaux des diagnostics et analyse de leurs effets sur les trajectoires d’enfants
Authors: Goudet Jean-Marc
Published: December 2021

Les troubles des apprentissages sont considérés comme des déterminants à la scolarité des enfants, elle-même perçue comme un facteur important de leur santé. Pour autant, ces troubles se constituent dans les sociétés industrialisées selon une imbrication de mécanismes biologiques, sociaux et scolaires qui restent encore mal décrits dans la littérature et qui peuvent donner lieu à une variété de prise en charge médicale et scolaire. À partir de données de terrain issues d’une ethnographie réalisée dans un quartier populaire d’une métropole, nous analysons les trajectoires médicale et scolaire contrastées de deux enfants. Cela permet de montrer l’importance que revêt l’étude des rapports des familles aux institutions scolaires, médicales et paramédicales dans l’analyse de la construction sociale des inégalités sociales de santé. Les dispositions sociales des familles et l’offre locale médicale et scolaire s’articulent sous la forme de « configurations locales de soin ». Celles-ci s’avèrent centrales pour saisir les différences d’états de santé en contexte scolaire, à une période donnée de la trajectoire médico-scolaire de l’enfant.
Médecine de précision et inégalités sociales d’accès aux essais précoces en cancérologie
Authors: Besle Sylvain , Vallier Estelle , Boaventura Bomfim Daniela , Charton Emilie , Fayet Yohan
Published: December 2021

Depuis dix ans, le développement de la médecine de précision bouscule la prise en charge du cancer. Pour autant, ces nouveaux traitements restent essentiellement disponibles via la participation à des essais cliniques. Cet article s’intéresse donc aux inégalités sociales d’accès aux essais précoces en cancérologie, question jusque-là peu investiguée. Ce travail s’appuie sur une méthodologie mixte associant données qualitatives (entretiens semi-directifs et observations) et quantitatives (enquête nationale auprès de 1 355 patients inclus). L’analyse croisée de ces données met au jour l’existence d’inégalités d’ordre social (genre), organisationnel (parcours de soin) et géographique. Ces inégalités s’illustrent dès les premières étapes de la prise en charge autour de trois mécanismes : l’organisation des filières d’accès aux essais, le tri des patients en amont de l’inclusion et les contraintes liées à la participation à un protocole de recherche.
Santé, vieillissement et foyers de travailleurs migrants à Nanterre : la fabrique de territoires
Authors: Pedrero Christine
Published: December 2021

Cet article explore les inégalités de santé au sein de la population immigrée vieillissante résidant en foyer de travailleurs migrants. Le propos se focalise sur cette population afin de saisir les spécificités du foyer comme lieu de vie, ses effets sur l’état de santé et le recours aux soins des travailleurs immigrés âgés. On observe des indicateurs plus défavorables dans la population vivant en foyer au regard de celle résidant en habitat classique : couverture de santé moins étendue, recours moindre aux médecins spécialistes, plus forte proportion de personnes précaires, etc. Cet état des lieux relevant de constructions sociales et territoriales ne donne pas les mêmes chances de vieillir en bonne santé aux immigrés résidant en foyer. On note particulièrement l’influence de facteurs comme le cadre social et spatial du lieu d’habitation, le réseau social, le rapport à la ville, les politiques communales, etc. La santé est un révélateur du quotidien vécu par cette population, mais également de leur intégration par les pouvoirs publics dans la société française. L’analyse géographique proposée, par l’étude des interactions respectives entre espace, société et santé, présente ainsi l’intérêt de révéler des mécanismes d’exclusion sociale.
« Une chanson pour dyre adieu ». Musique et théâtre (1400-1550)
Authors: Girot Jean-Eudes
Published: December 2021

L’article se propose d’étudier, à partir d’un corpus d’environ 250 pièces, la place et la fonction de la musique dans le genre dramatique à la Renaissance entre 1400 et 1550. Après avoir rappelé l’existence de documents contemporains relatifs à la place de la musique dans ce répertoire, puis présenté le corpus raisonné des pièces, ce sont différents aspects musicaux qui sont passés en revue : la musique instrumentale, la musique sacrée, puis profane, la question des formes poétiques insérées dans les pièces et l’éventuelle présence de chansons polyphoniques dans ce répertoire.
Le télétravail notarial : un engagement contraint ?
Authors: Delmas Corinne
Published: December 2021

Si les offices notariaux sont des entreprises de proximité habituellement peu concernées par le télétravail, l’état du marché du travail, les perspectives de changements de statut pour des salariés envisageant de se mettre à leur compte, les contraintes immobilières en Île-de-France ont assoupli les réticences des employeurs. Pour sa part, le premier confinement a permis aux salariés de l’expérimenter. Perçu tantôt comme une libération, tantôt comme une contrainte, sa mise en œuvre, variable selon les postes, trajectoires, offices, reproduit voire renforce plusieurs modes genrés de hiérarchisation propres à cet univers. Le télétravail engendre finalement des risques d’inégalités ou d’invisibilités. En résulte une vision ambivalente, entre concession, moyen de pression ou signe de reconnaissance…
L’émergence de la question du non-recours dans un parcours de recherche
Authors: Warin Philippe
Published: December 2021

La question du non-recours préoccupe aujourd’hui les acteurs des politiques soucieux de ne pas atteindre les publics. Ce texte présente les circonstances de son émergence, il y a une trentaine d’années, en lien avec un parcours de recherche. L’objectif n’est pas de présenter une sociohistoire du non-recours comme catégorie d’analyse et d’action. En revanche, ce témoignage montre ce qui peut durablement compter lorsque le métier de sociologue consiste (aussi) à ouvrir le passage à des questions qui peuvent déranger : en particulier, l’engagement dans des hypothèses de recherche fortes, l’effort dans la fabrication des outils nécessaires à l’explication et à la prise en compte des résultats, et le choix d’un langage scientifique sobre et direct.
Numerical simulations of gradient cooling technique for controlled production of differential microstructure in steel strip or plate
Authors: Pohjonen Aarne ,   Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, PL4200, 90014 Oulun Yliopisto Oulu, Finland
Published: December 2021

Numerical studies were conducted to investigate the applicability of cooling strategies for controlledly producing a microstructure in the steel strip or plate, which changes as function of the plate length. In the numerical simulations, the water spray cooling was varied as function of the plate length and as a result, the different parts of the plate were cooled at different rates. We applied the previously developed numerical code where the transformation latent heat is coupled with the heat conduction and transfer model, which has also been calibrated to correspond to experimental laboratory cooling line. The applicability of the method was investigated for controlledly creating alternating bainite and polygonal ferrite regions in plates of two different thicknesses (0.8 cm and 1.2 cm thick plates) by cooling different parts of the plate to different temperatures before switching off the water cooling so that polygonal ferrite forms in the part which has been cooled to higher temperature and bainite forms in the low temperature part. The simulation results indicate that the controlled production of such alternating regions is possible, but the resulting regions in the studied scenario cannot be very thin. The transition regions between the ferrite and bainite regions in the simulated cases are in the range of 5–15 cm. Controlled production of zones consiting of softer phase in the otherwise bainitic steel could offer a possibility for creating designed tracks in a steel bainitic strip or plate, where the mechanical working or cutting of the material is easier.
An improved residual U-Net with morphological-based loss function for automatic liver segmentation in computed tomography
Authors: Lv Peiqing ,   School of Automation, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China, Wang Jinke , Zhang Xiangyang , Ji Chunlei , Zhou Lubiao , Wang Haiying ,   Department of Software Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Rongcheng 264300, China
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes an improved ResU-Net framework for automatic liver CT segmentation. By employing a new loss function and data augmentation strategy, the accuracy of liver segmentation is improved, and the performance is verified on two public datasets LiTS17 and SLiver07. Firstly, to speed up the convergence of the model, the residual module is used to replace the original convolution module of U-Net. Secondly, to suppress the problem of pixel imbalance, the opposite number of Dice is proposed to replace the cross-entropy loss function, and the morphological method is introduced to weigh the pixels. Finally, to improve the generalization ability of the model, random affine transformation and random elastic deformation are employed for data augmentation. From 20 training datasets of Sliver07, 16 sets were selected as the training set, two sets were used for verification, and two sets were used for the test; meanwhile, from 131 training datasets of LiTS2017, eight sets were selected as the test set. In the experiment, four evaluation metrics, including DICE global, DICE per case, VOE, and RVD, were calculated, with the accuracies of 94.28, 94.24 ± 2.07, 10.83 ± 3.70, and -0.25 ± 2.74, respectively. Compared with U-Net and ResU-Net, the performance of the proposed method is significantly improved. The experimental results show that, although the method's complexity is high, it has a faster convergence speed and stronger generalization ability. The segmentation effect on the 2D image is significantly improved, and the scalability on 3D data is also robust. In addition, the proposed method performs well in the case of low-contrast neighboring organs, which proves the robustness of the proposed method.
Wireless wearable biosensor smart physiological monitoring system for risk avoidance and rescue
Authors: Chen Kezhou ,   College of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China, Lu Xu , Chen Rongjun , Liu Jun ,   Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China
Published: December 2021

Most existing physiological testing systems broadly classify monitored physiological data into three categories: normal, abnormal, and highly abnormal, but do not consider differences in the importance of data within the same category, which may result in the loss of data of higher importance. In addition, the purpose of physiological monitoring is to detect health abnormalities in patients earlier and faster, thus enabling risk avoidance and real-time rescue. Therefore, we designed a system called the adaptive physiological monitoring and rescue system (APMRS) that innovatively incorporates emergency rescue functions into traditional physiological monitoring systems using the rescue of modified-MAC (RM-MAC) protocol. The relay selection (RS) algorithm of APMRS can select the appropriate relay to forward based on the importance of the physiological data, thus ensuring priority transmission of more important monitoring data. In addition, we apply deep learning target trajectory prediction technology to the indoor rescue module (IRM) of APMRS to provide high-performance scheduling of location tracking nodes in advance by trajectory prediction. It reduces network energy consumption and ensures perceptual tracking accuracy. When APMRS monitors abnormal physiological data that may endanger a patient's life, IRM can implement effective and fast location rescue to avoid risks.
Mogućnost zloupotrebe prava u postupku javnog nadmetanja za prodaju nekretnina u izvršnom postupku u pravu BiH
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Sarajevo, Povlakić Meliha , Herenda Tahir , Muftić Nasir ,   Faculty of Law, University of Sarajevo,   Faculty of Law, University of Sarajevo
Published: December 2021

The primary goal of the reformed enforcement law in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is efficient compensation. However, many impediments exist. In this paper, the authors present some of the problems and potential abuses of procedural rights in the enforcement law of B&H. Two instances of abuse of rights regarding real estate are presented, which can open the doorway to other abuses, as well. Also, the abuse of procedural rights in the enforcement procedure is seen as underexplored in legislation, doctrine and case law. The paper addresses similarities and differences between the entities’ and the Brcko District legal systems regarding the presented abuses, as well as comparative law. It is focused on the analysis of legislation and the interpretation thereof in light of recent case law in B&H and problems arising from it. The identified problems often prevent the goal of the enforcement procedure from being fulfilled. The paper has two parts, each dealing with one instance of abuse. The first part concerns the engineering of the most favourable offer in the bidding. The second part concerns the problem of a fictional offer to purchase real estate in the bidding and the character of the deposit. The paper provides suggestions for amending legislation based on some good legal solutions in the region.
Influencing Factors of Students’ Smartphones Use for Academic Purposes: A Developing Country’s Perspective
Authors: Adu Gyamfi Samuel
Published: December 2021

There is evidence that majority of students in many African countries own and use smartphones. Due to their portability and the many functions, they are used to perform, smartphones have virtually become a necessity. In education, it is known to facilitate communication and knowledge sharing among students. Yet, many students use smartphones for entertainment purposes. Worst of all, research that investigates the factors that influence students’ use of smartphones for learning are scarce particularly, in many African countries. Therefore, this study examines the influencing factors of smartphone use for academic purposes. It deviates from the few existing studies that have predominantly drawn samples from tertiary students of developed countries. The study presented a research model founded on UTAUT 2. Responses were gathered from 708 Ghanaian high school students using a questionnaire. Based on these responses, Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling was used to validate the model. The results confirmed that Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions and Social Influence have significant influence on Hedonic Motivation and Perceived Usefulness. Similarly, Habit and Price Value mediated the effects of Hedonic Motivation and Perceived Usefulness on Behavioural Intention and Use Behaviour. The findings suggest that, educational institutions must provide the necessary support conditions for students to use smartphones for learning.
Learning Motivations and Learning Behaviors of Sports Majors Based on Big Data
Authors: Yang Bo
Published: December 2021

The subjective factors of sports majors play a critical role in the improvement of their cultural quality. Based on data mining, the valuable information about learning motivation and learning behavior can be obtained from the massive data. Therefore, this paper explores the learning motivations and learning behaviors of sports majors based on big data. Firstly, this paper analyzed the features of the learning behaviors of sports majors, and measured the complexity of their learning behaviors with information entropy, approximate entropy, and change-complexity function. Next, a dataset was established based on the students’ use of campus access network and online learning platforms. After that, a time domain convolutional capsule network model of multiple semantic features was established to recognize and classify the learning motivations of sports majors. The proposed model was proved effective through experiments.
Lightweight and Secure Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) Key Exchange for Mobile Phones
Authors: Dar Muneer Ahmad , Askar Aadil , Alyahya Daliya , Bhat Sameer Ahmad
Published: December 2021

Open networks enable data communication between different types of mobile devices that showcase the need to enforce elevated security measures. Securing sensitive or confidential data in mobile phones is accomplished by implementing a diverse range of cryptographic techniques. While encryption algorithms, such as Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) may offer secure solutions that are often difficult to compromise, these in turn prerequisite high speed computational resources for effective operation. Elliptical curve cryptography (ECC) is well thought-out standard that offers a workable and feasible methods of encryption/decryption, whilst being applicable to resource constraint devices. This paper implements a novel key exchange mechanism that helps to secure exchange of data between the communicating mobile devices. The study aims to address the limitation of Elliptic Curve Deffie Hellman, which is susceptible to Man-in-the-Middle attack and proposes an enhanced Elliptic Curve Deffie Hellman (ECDH) technique for secure data communication in open networks. The study results reveal, how the implementation of ECDH allows exchange of keys between the two communicating devices with limited resources.
Application of Science Media for Science Communication in Postgraduate Course to Elicit Emancipation
Authors: Abdul Rahman Nor Farahwahidah
Published: December 2021

This study reports on redesigning learning outcomes in terms of postgraduates’ communication skills through science media communication with the aim for interactive teaching and learning. Communication in science education entails the image of science known as scientific epistemology. Therefore, the inclusion for learning about the philosophy of science among postgraduate students must not be limited to understanding the descriptive tenet of the philosophy. The initial work for this study attempts to assess whether learning about the philosophy of science dictates reflexivity and emancipation. Previous studies have not reached a consensus on how the impact of transformation can be created and recreated for others. Therefore, this study focuses on leveraging science media communication to foster conformity between oneself and others. Analysis was performed on ten postgraduate students’ reports, writings, and portfolios obtained throughout the semesters. The analysis aims to critically discuss the proposed solution for the paradigm shift in teaching practice, with a specific focus on the course design outcomes. Using critical discourse analysis (CDA), the analysis identified liminal phases due to bearer as a professional among the respondents that habitually liberated through the five stages of transformation designed for this course. The following four liminal phases were interpreted from the students’ reflexivity:  identify negotiation, setup condition, a masking mechanism, and formation of oneself and others. Such points to the conclusion that placing students as the protagonist during the transformation process when learning the philosophy of science would expand their self-realization on the role of scientific epistemology in science education.
Analyzing Graduation Project Ideas by using Machine Learning
Authors: Alharbi Hajar A. , Alshaya Hessa I. , Alsheail Meshaiel M. , Koujan Mukhlisah H.
Published: December 2021

The graduation projects (GP) are important because it reflects the academic profile and achievement of the students. For many years’ graduation projects are done by the information technology department students. Most of these projects have great value, and some were published in scientific journals and international conferences. However, these projects are stored in an archive room haphazardly and there is a very small part of it is a set of electronic PDF files stored on hard disk, which wastes time and effort and cannot benefit from it. However, there is no system to classify and store these projects in a good way that can benefit from them. In this paper, we reviewed some of the best machine learning algorithms to classify text “graduation projects”, support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, logistic regression (LR) algorithm, random forest (RF) algorithm, which can deal with an extremely small amount of dataset after comparing these algorithms based on accuracy. We choose the SVM algorithm to classify the projects. Besides, we will mention how to deal with a super small dataset and solve this problem.
The Impact of Using Blackboard on Student’s Grades
Authors: Alshmasi Dalia , Alharbi Jawaher , Alhothly Nada
Published: December 2021

The Learning Management System (LMS) is a core system that contributes to support e-learning, managing content, provide learning tools, and facilitate communication between students and teachers. This project aims to measure the impact of Blackboard-based e-learning use. We measure the effect of blackboard use on male students by comparing male and female students ’degrees of online learning (online class preparation) and traditional (face-to-face) learning at Qassim University, using statistical methods and data mining algorithms. We also develop A supportive tool that helps teachers manage some important tasks such as (student attendance, interaction, grades ... etc.). This tool will take student information and push automatic notifications to all concerned people via SMS.
Les visions de la formation professionnelle renvoyées par les intitulés des UE/EC des maquettes de masters MEEF PLC SVT : analyse lexicale exploratoire
Authors: Fuchs-Gallezot Magali
Published: December 2021

Cette contribution se propose de caractériser par une première approche exploratoire, compréhensive et analytico-descriptive les programmes de formation des enseignants français de sciences de la vie et de la Terre (SVT) (curriculum prescrit) tels qu’ils se donnent à voir dans 23 des 27 maquettes universitaires élaborées lors de la dernière réforme en 2013. L’analyse lexicométrique menée par le logiciel ALCESTE de l’ensemble des maquettes de première (M1) et seconde (M2) année de master permet de repérer différentes classes caractérisées par différents « mondes lexicaux » qui structurent différents discours sur la formation porteurs de différentes visions. Prises ensemble, les maquettes de master « Métier de l’Éducation, de l’Enseignement et de la Formation » destiné aux professeurs de lycée et collège de SVT (MEEF PLC SVT) véhiculent des discours sur différents aspects de la formation, qui traduisent une certaine diversité de prise en charge des cinq blocs de compétences donnés comme repère à leur élaboration (par exemple pour le bloc disciplinaire des noms d’UE/EC annoncent une formation aux savoirs en biologie quand d’autres annoncent une approche culturelle et éducative du champ disciplinaire, voire certains noms d’UE/EC suggèrent une prise en charge conjointe des blocs disciplinaire et didactique). Cette étude propose ainsi un premier état des lieux de la manière dont l’ensemble des ESPE s’est saisi du cadrage national de la formation et quelles sont les visions de formation globalement retenues pour décliner ce cadrage.
Organizational Greening Strategy in Times of Pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: December 2021

This study analyzes the various features and elements related to strategic organizational sustainability. The analysis departs from the assumption that traditional organizations have to face a lot of challenges posed by the new global economy context confronting contradictory patterns of globalization and de-globalization processes. In order to create the new conditions for the organizations not only to survive but to succeed, it proposes a new model based on designing and implementing strategic organizational sustainability, abandoning the narrow focus on economic growth and profits to embrace the social inclusion and equity as well as the environmental sustainability issues.
Fallacies of Consumerism
Authors: Luque González Arturo
Published: December 2021

The concept of consumerism brings together many of the social transformations that serve as predictors of present and future behaviors and act as vehicles for today's society. Its evolution is diffuse and corresponds to different periods of history that have incorporated the characteristics of desire, superficiality, and exclusivity that drive new needs and potentialities. Its importance underlies the need to analyze 46 theoretical approaches through their categorization in six dimensions and frequency count in Google Scholar. The methodology used a higher-order association, establishing the most significant combinations and weightings. From these results, the concept of consumerism is defined by the economic-social-cultural-ethical categories according to its frequency of use in Google. This shows economic influences as a determining factor, over and above processes that are far from the common good or the general interest.
COVID-19 and the Electricity Market
Authors: Norouzi Nima
Published: December 2021

This chapter investigates the effects of COVID-19 on electricity consumption in some countries, especially in Iran. The effect of COVID-19 in the electricity industry and the amount of electricity consumption in Iran and in the countries that have been most affected have been studied. A study of COVID-19's impact on the world shows a reduction of about 15% in electricity demand during the short term of the COVID-19 outbreak. This amount varies from country to country. Studies show that the countries under study have experienced a relative decline in electricity demand in the short term, but with the continued prevalence of COVID-19 and the removal of some restrictions, the state of electricity consumption has more or less returned to pre-COVID-19 levels. It is worth noting that at the time of writing this chapter, the COVID-19 pandemic continues.
Paradigm Change in Tourist Preferences Towards Evolving New Normal Tourism and Travel Trends
Authors: Narmadha Velu , Anuradha A.
Published: December 2021

Tourism has been recognized as a delight for attraction, accommodation, culture, recreation, and more. The tourism industry has become a major source of revenue for many businesses and for nations as a whole as part of the service sector. The unusual outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is the sole disruptive circumstance for the last several months. Due to the unprecedented situation, there is a chance for new travel trends to emerge in the nation. This chapter describes the emerging new normal tourism and travel trends like a staycation, wellness and spa tourism, virtual tourism, sustainable travel, eco-tourism, vaccine tourism, and also aims at finding tourist preferences of destinations from the new travel trends post pandemic. Travellers today would like to visit destinations consisting of nature protected regions, which are termed sustainable travel, to satisfy their ecotravel, money value, private space, social distance, security, accessibility, and cleanliness needs.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Implications on Storekeeping Practices
Authors: Owusu Dominic , Mensah Francis Kabenlah , Antwi Benedict Ofori , Anim Isaac Kwadwo
Published: December 2021

Unprecedented outbreaks of disease have challenged the contemporary world with substantial adverse consequences on the effectiveness of business models in operations and supply chain management (OSCM). The advent of COVID-19 put a lot of pressure on staff and resources. However, the focus of contributors has been on the pressure on staff managing the various hospital facilities and ignoring inventory, which is one of the key areas where resources required to take care of patients are managed. Using the resource dependency theory, this chapter analyses how COVID-19 affected the inventory practices of hospitals operating in the Western Region of Ghana. It further makes suggestions on how the inventory of hospitals should be managed in order to avert possible shortages and interruptions in healthcare delivery and further relieve hospital staff of the pressure they have to sustain when there is a shortage. The chapter offers suggestions on areas of inventory management practices that management of hospital facilities should pay attention to.
Self-Directed Learning for the Knowledge Worker
Authors: Yarbrough Jillian R. , Hughes Patrick C.
Published: December 2021

Learning is an increasingly critical function for every individual as we race into a technological and global advanced society. Consider that with advances in technology the amount of information we can obtain has grown, our workdays have expanded, and our work expectations are boundaryless. Now, more so than ever, individuals who want to be competitive must choose to continue learning. Not just gathering information but learning such that they are obtaining key information and can measure their own learning success. With this awareness, self-directed learning becomes a critical skill for all individuals in all life roles. The chapter will define self-directed learning, discuss relevant theories, present two self-assessment learning tools, and finally, offer a model for application.
An Exploration of How Competency-Based Education Can Support Self-Directed Learners and Learning
Authors: Boyer Naomi Rose , Mason Jessica , Navarre Cleary Michelle , Telkamp Julie A.
Published: December 2021

At a time when workplace skills are rapidly evolving, continuous learning is increasingly important, and the responsibility for learning has shifted from others (parents, schools, teachers, employers) to individuals. Self-directed learning (SDL) can help learner-earners thrive in a skills-based economy. Competency-based education (CBE) is well suited to appeal to self-directed learners and to scaffold learner self-direction; however, existing research on the relationship between SDL and CBE programs is limited. This chapter uses case studies of the experiences of two self-directed learners in a CBE program to explore the role of self-direction in their learning journeys. The key takeaways are that (1) self-direction can have a strong impact on learner success and (2) CBE programs are uniquely positioned to support self-directed learners. The chapter concludes with a discussion of considerations for future research.
A New Model for the Digital Transformation of the Strategic Procurement Function
Authors: Altundag Andrea
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the application of advanced data analytics in the domain of strategic procurement and its effects on processes, people, and on the procurement business model itself. Advanced data analytics are generally accepted as being one of the key enablers for organisations to build their capabilities to adapt quickly and navigate through volatile business circumstances successfully. Strategic procurement is in a pivotal position in a network of external suppliers and internal stakeholders, and thus ideally positioned to benefit from the introduction of advanced data analytics. However, to date, the application of these technologies has been limited, and clear evidence of benefits delivery is yet to be demonstrated. This chapter draws upon research results from a detailed case study in the aviation industry to assess the benefits of advanced data analytics in the strategic procurement function and puts forward a maturity model of relevance to both researchers and procurement professionals.
The Internet of Things in the Corporate Environment
Authors: M. B. Kiran , Wynn Martin George
Published: December 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) is formed by a set of physical objects with embedded sensors, connected using a network so that they can collect and exchange data. Though the concept looks simple, its deployment in industry has enormous potential to bring major business benefits and radical change. This chapter examines IoT technology and how it is being used in the corporate environment. Based on a review of existing literature and case examples, the various definitions and elements of IoT are discussed, followed by an assessment of how IoT is being used and what benefits are being delivered. Some key emergent themes are then examined – security aspects, the significance of 5G networks, and the need for an IoT strategy and project implementation guidelines. The chapter concludes by outlining possible areas for future research and suggests a step-change in the mega-infrastructure connecting IoT devices is imminent.
Digital Technology Deployment in the German Automotive Industry
Authors: Wiegand Tina , Brautsch Christine
Published: December 2021

Mobility is a central element of the new networked world, and customers expect highly integrated features in their vehicles and want to be able to use services or features at any time in a highly integrated manner. As a result, the entire automotive industry is facing a major change process, both technological as well as in its own core business processes and functions. This chapter examines the impact of this transition on the conduct and sustainability of IT projects in the German automotive industry. Information distilled from in-depth interviews with industry practitioners reveals how project management methods, tools, and culture have to evolve, as value chains in the industry are re-evaluated and re-defined. The chapter puts forward a framework for the interaction of project management methods and digital technologies to achieve sustainable project processes and outcomes. It is hoped this may act as a building block for future research in this field to advance the transitioning of the industry and its inherent IT projects to a more sustainable future.
Disruptive Technology, Value Proposition, and Business Model Change Management in a Multi-Faceted SME
Authors: Turner Phillip J.
Published: December 2021

Disruptive technology, or disruptive innovation, is undeniably one of the most significant concepts to emerge from management theory in the last three decades. Both its theoretical and practical impact has been far reaching. Notwithstanding this stellar impact, it seems unlikely that a small hyper-conservative, risk-averse SME with limited management training in concepts that have little immediate return on investment would choose to embark upon a radical change of direction sparked by new technology and innovation. Using an interpretivist, inductive, approach based on interview material and personal observation, this chapter examines the realities of business strategy, how disruption is perceived, management decisions made, technologies introduced, and change management enacted in this family-run business. The chapter concludes that change perception and change management are related to efficiency and threat responses rather than disruption to business models or technology availability.
Predictive Analytics for Equipment Maintenance Operations
Authors: Preis Simon J.
Published: December 2021

Predictive maintenance (PdM) is a key application of data analytics in semiconductor manufacturing. The optimization of equipment performance has been found to deliver significant revenue benefits, especially in the wafer fabrication process. This chapter addresses two main research objectives: first, to investigate the particular challenges and opportunities of implementing PdM for wafer fabrication equipment and, second, to identify the implications of PdM on key performance indicators in the wafer fabrication process. The research methodology is based on a detailed case study of a wafer fabrication facility and expert interviews. The findings indicate the potential benefits of PdM beyond improving equipment maintenance operations, and the chapter concludes that the quality of analytics models for PdM in wafer fabrication is critical, but this depends on challenging data preparation processes, per machine type. Without valid predictions, decision-making ability and benefits delivery will be limited.
Nature-Inspired Approach Using Seasonal Comparison of Wind Speed With Spectral and Statistical Analysis
Authors: Akinci Tahir Cetin , Caglar Ramazan , Erdemir Gokhan , Zengin Aydin Tarik , Seker Serhat
Published: December 2021

Seasonal analysis of wind speed includes elements of its evaluation and analysis for wind energy production in complex geographical areas. These analyses require wind energy systems to be set up, integrated, operated, and designed according to seasonal differences. Istanbul wind speed data were collected hourly and analyzed seasonally. When the results of the analysis are examined, no significant increase in seasonal transitions was observed, while certain changes were observed between summer and winter. Here, statistical analysis, Weibull distribution function, and signal processing-based PSD analysis for wind speed is performed. In addition, correlation analysis was made between the seasons. Although significant results were obtained in signal-based analyses, results were obtained for seasonal transitions in correlation analyses. Seasonal spectral densities were calculated in the spectral analysis of wind speed data. This study has important implications in terms of extraction of seasonal characteristics of wind speed, resource assessment, operation, investment, and feasibility.
Clinical Nurse Specialist: A Critical Member of the ICU Team
Authors: Gabbard Erika R. , Klein Deborah , Vollman Kathleen , Chamblee Tracy B. , Soltis Lisa M. , Zellinger Mary
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To describe the role of the clinical nurse specialist, an advanced practice registered nurse in the intensive care setting. The value and impact of the clinical nurse specialist role as a member of the ICU is presented along with a review of clinical nurse specialist education, licensure, and certification requirements as well as a description of the clinical nurse specialist role, scope of practice, and competencies. In addition, a selected review of clinical nurse specialist–led quality improvement and research that resulted in improved patient outcomes is provided.

Data sources

Review of published medical and nursing literature and expert opinion guidance from a collaborative effort between the Society of Critical Care Medicine, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, and National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialists.

Study selection

Not applicable.

Data extraction

Not applicable.

Data synthesis

Not applicable.

Conclusions

The utilization of a clinical nurse specialist, an advanced practice role, in the ICU is a unique and valuable approach for organizations who strive to move evidence into sustainable practice and drive quality through an interprofessional approach. The valuable contributions made by the clinical nurse specialist efficiently and effectively meet the needs of patients, clinicians, and organizations while improving patient outcomes and optimizing cost avoidance strategies, which further lower economic demands on the healthcare system.
Ambulatory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Times Are Changing
Authors: Wojack Cristina A. , VanBlarcom Ashleigh G. , Casida Jesus
Published: December 2021

During the past century, medical technology has evolved to enhance quality and quantity of life. Medications, surgeries, and implantable devices have been developed and enhanced to reduce complications and improve patient outcomes. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is one of the most substantial advances in life-saving modalities. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been widely used for patients with heart or lung failure across the lifespan. Expansion and simplifications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit designs have informed changes in patient treatment (from bed confinement to ambulatory) and shifted many clinical staffing structures (from cardiovascular perfusionist to nurse-managed care). Highly skilled registered nurses and advanced practice registered nurses are increasingly involved in managing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the critical care setting. The purpose of this article is to highlight the technological evolution of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the corresponding patient care that bedside registered nurses and advanced practice registered nurses provide.
Animal-Assisted Interventions in Intensive Care Delirium: A Literature Review
Authors: Malik Jahanzeb
Published: December 2021

Critical illness has lasting consequences on the mind and the body. Acute sequelae include a decline in cognitive function known as delirium. Increased interest in improving outcomes for intensive care unit survivors without a high incidence of delirium has initiated a focus on an array of nonpharmacologic interventions in many countries. One such intervention is animalassisted intervention. As the role of animals in human healing is being recognized by clinicians, need is increasing for formal and professionally directed therapies. This review ascertains the effect of interaction with animals on critically ill patients. Emerging evidence indicates that animal-assisted intervention improves the efficacy of critical care regarding primary symptoms and secondary factors of delirium.
Development of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices: 55 Years and Counting
Authors: Petersen Emalie
Published: December 2021

Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Treatment of this condition increasingly involves mechanical circulatory support devices. Even with optimal medical therapy and use of simple cardiac devices, heart failure often leads to reduced quality of life and a shortened life span, prompting exploration of more advanced treatment approaches. Left ventricular assist devices constitute an effective alternative to cardiac transplantation. These devices are not without complications, however, and their use requires careful cooperative management by the patient’s cardiology team and primary care provider. Left ventricular assist devices have undergone many technological advancements since they were first introduced, and they will continue to evolve. This article reviews the history of different types of left ventricular assist devices, appropriate patient selection, and common complications in order to increase health professionals’ familiarity with these treatment options.
Grain yield disparity of rice between tropical and subtropical/temperate Regions
Authors: De Z. Abeysiriwardena D. Sumith , Dhanapala M. P.
Published: December 2021

Enhancing productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a need to meet the food demand of increasing population. Rice, being the main staple for more than half of the world’s population, is grown in a wide range of environments under a variety of climatic conditions covering tropical, subtropical and temperate regions in the world. Some scientists attribute the comparatively higher grain yields of rice in developed countries such as Australia, USA, Japan and China in the subtropical/temperate region to the technological improvements, without disclosing precise technological gaps for yield disparity, while ignoring the influence of climatic- and soil-related differences of the regions. Studying the influence of climate and soil characteristics on rice yield disparity between tropical and temperate/subtropical regions is important to avoid erroneous conclusion given in explaining any yield disparities. Existing grain yield disparity of rice between the two regions can mainly be attributed to environmental factors such as incident solar radiation, temperature and soil fertility, but not to the improved technology. In Sri Lanka, the influence of technological advancements on the grain yield resulting in yield disparities compared to other developed countries as indicated by some critics, is irrelevant and invalid owing to confounding effects of the environmental factors. If a fair comparison to be made on grain yield disparity of rice between countries, they have to be within the same region, i.e. tropical or subtropical/temperate, where the climatic- and soil-related factors are fairly uniform.
Hard times for catadromous fish: the case of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla, L. 1758)
Authors: Podda Cinzia , Sabatini Andrea , Palmas Francesco , Pusceddu Antonio
Published: December 2021

Catadromous fish species are very important organisms for their ecological, economical, and cultural value. For its complex life species catadromous fish result in worldwide decline since the beginning of the 20th century. Among the most iconic catadromous species, the European eel Anguilla anguilla L. 1758 has aroused considerable interest since very ancient times. Because, to date, many aspects of their life cycle remain relatively unknown, to implement our knowledge about the main natural and anthropogenic threats to its survivorship and identify possible solutions to preserve it, in this narrative review, we present the state of the knowledge about the life cycle, habitat occupancy, recruitment, and migration patterns of the European eel and about the major threats most likely have contributed to the decline of eels’ populations.
Different fusion tags affect the activity of ubiquitin overexpression on spastin protein stability
Authors: Zou Jianyu , Cai Zhenbin , Liang Zhi , Liang Yaozhong , Zhang Guowei , Yang Jie , Zhang Yunlong , Lin Hongsheng , Tan Minghui
Published: December 2021

Spastin is one of the proteins which lead to hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), whose dysfunction towards microtubule severing and membrane transporting is critically important. The present study is to elucidate the mechanisms of the protein stability regulation of spastin. The ubiquitin encoding plasmids are transfected into COS-7 cells with different fusion tags including Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), mCherry and Flag. The expression level of spastin was detected, microtubule severing activity and neurite outgrowth were quantified. The data showed that ubiquitin overexpression significantly induced the decreased expression of spastin, suppressed the activity of microtubule severing in COS-7 cells and inhibited the promoting effect on neurite outgrowth in cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, when modulating the overexpression experiments of ubiquitin, it was found that relatively small tag like Flag, but not large tags such as GFP or mCherry fused with ubiquitin, retained the activity on spastin stability. The present study investigated the effects of small/large tags addition to ubiquitin and the novel mechanisms of post-transcriptional modifications of spastin on regulating neurite outgrowth, in the attempt to experimentally elucidate the mechanisms that control the level or stability of spastin in hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Slope inequalities and a Miyaoka–Yau type inequality
Authors: Gu Yi , Sun Xiaotao , Zhou Mingshuo
Published: December 2021

For a minimal smooth projective surface

S

of general type over a field of characteristic

p>0

, we prove that

K^2_S\le 32\chi(\mathcal{O}_S).

Moreover, if

18\chi(\mathcal{O}_S)<K^2_S\le 32\chi(\mathcal{O}_S)

, the Albanese morphism of

S

must induce a genus 2 fibration. A classification of surfaces with

K^2_S=32\chi(\mathcal{O}_S)

is also given. The inequality also implies

\chi(\mathcal{O}_S)>0

, which answers completely a question of Shepherd-Barron.
P. M. S. Hacker on Emotions, Passions, and Human Nature
Authors: Zaborowski Robert
Published: December 2021

The paper is a discussion of P. M. S. Hacker, The Passions: A Study of Human Nature (2018). After a general presentation of the book I mostly focus on its first part, which deals with categories and concepts essential to the philosophy of the emotions. Next I pass on to two subsequent parts of the book devoted to particular emotions. After a brief overview I say more, by way of exemplification, on the chapter on love. I end with a final assessment.