bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scaffold Characteristics for Functional Hollow Organ Regeneration
Authors: Horst Maya , Madduri Srinivas , Gobet Rita , Sulser Tullio , Hall Heike , Eberli Daniel
Published: January 2010

Many medical conditions require surgical reconstruction of hollow organs. Tissue engineering of organs and tissues is a promising new technique without harvest site morbidity. An ideal biomaterial should be biocompatible, support tissue formation and provide adequate structural support. It should degrade gradually and provide an environment allowing for cell-cell interaction, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Although tissue formation is feasible, functionality has never been demonstrated. Mainly the lack of proper innervation and vascularisation are hindering contractility and normal function. In this chapter we critically review the current state of engineering hollow organs with a special focus on innervation and vascularisation.
Friction Stir Processing of Particle Reinforced Composite Materials
Authors: Gan Yong  X. , Solomon Daniel , Reinbolt Michael
Published: January 2010

The objective of this article is to provide a review of friction stir processing (FSP) technology and its application for microstructure modification of particle reinforced composite materials. The main focus of FSP was on aluminum based alloys and composites. Recently, many researchers have investigated this technology for treating other alloys and materials including stainless steels, magnesium, titanium, and copper. It is shown that FSP technology is very effective in microstructure modification of reinforced metal matrix composite materials. FSP has also been used in the processing and structure modification of polymeric composite materials. Compared with other manufacturing processes, friction stir processing has the advantage of reducing distortion and defects in materials. The layout of this paper is as follows. The friction stir processing technology will be presented first. Then, the application of this technology in manufacturing and structure modification of particle reinforced composite materials will be introduced. Future application of friction stir processing in energy field, for example, for vanadium alloy and composites will be discussed. Finally, the challenges for improving friction stir processing technology will be mentioned.
Synthesis and Properties of Trehalose-Based Flexible Polymers Prepared from Difurfurylidene Trehalose and Maleimide- Terminated Oligo(dimethylsiloxane) by Diels-Alder Reactions
Authors: Teramoto Naozumi , Niwa Masashi , Shibata Mitsuhiro
Published: January 2010

Difurfurylidene trehalose (DFTreh) was synthesized from trehalose and furfural by an acetalization reaction. Maleimide-terminated dimethylsiloxane oligomers (DMS-BMI) were synthesized from amine-terminated dimethylsiloxane oligomers by condensation with maleic anhydride. Three types of DMS-BMI with different length were prepared. Trehalose-based polymers were synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction of DFTreh and DMS-BMI. The reaction proceeded at 40~70 °C to produce a polymer with a maximum weight average molecular weight of ~19,000. The thermal degradation temperature increased with the increase of the length of the oligo(dimethylsiloxane) units. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements revealed the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer at -130~-120 °C, and no distinct Tg not observed above room temperature in the DSC measurement. The polymer products are not liquid at room temperature, and solid films can be obtained by casting from solution, implying a phase-separated structure made up of soft and hard segments. The phase-separated structure was confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) study. The DSC curve of the polymer showed a broad endothermic peak at 110~160 °C, suggesting that a retro-Diels-Alder reaction occurred. When a N,N-dimethylformamide solution of the polymer was kept at 100 °C and the resulting solution was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), the molecular weight decreased and monomers appeared.
Synthesis and Structure of D3h-Symmetric Triptycene Trimaleimide
Authors: Zonta Cristiano , De Lucchi Ottorino , Linden Anthony , Lutz Martin
Published: January 2010

A new D3h symmetric triptycene derivative has been synthesized with the aim of obtaining molecules that are able to assemble into porous structures, and can be used in the development of new ligands. The synthesis involves a Diels-Alder reaction as the key step, followed by an oxidation and the formation of a maleimide ring. Triptycene trimaleimide furnished single crystals which have been analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction.
Ultrasonic Method for the Preparation of Organic Porphyrin Nanoparticles
Authors: Kashani-Motlagh Mohamad Mehdi , Rahimi Rahmatollah , Kachousangi Marziye Javaheri
Published: January 2010

We report the synthesis and optical properties of organic porphyrin nanoparticles with narrow size distribution and good dispersibility. Nanoparticles were produced by a combination of precipitation and sonication, termed the “ultrasonic method”. The resulting [tetrakis(para-chlorophenyl)porphyrin]TClPP nanoparticles were stable in solution without precipitation for at least 30 days. No self aggregation of the constituent porphyrin chromophores was observed. The TClPP nanoparticles exhibited interesting optical properties, particulalrly a large bathochromic shift in the absorption spectra.
Analysis of the Main Nucleosides in Cordyceps Sinensis by LC/ESI-MS
Authors: Xie Jian-Wei , Huang Lan-Fang , Hu Wei , He Yun-Biao , Wong Kin Ping
Published: January 2010

A sensitive, selective and reliable liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with electrospray ionization interface method for simultaneous separation and determination of thymine, adenine, adenosine and cordycepin in Cordyceps sinensis has been established. The optimum separation for these analytes was achieved using a gradient elution system and a 2.0 × 150 mm Shimadzu VP-ODS column. 2-Chloroadenosine was used as internal standard for this assay. [M+H]+ions at m/z 127, 136, 268, 252 and 302 were chosen and selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode was used for quantitative analysis of the four main nucleosides. The regression equations were linear in the range of 1.0–117.5 μg·mL-1 for thymine, 1.8-127.0 μg·mL-1 for adenine, 0.6-114.0 μg·mL-1 for adenosine and 0.5-107.5 μg·mL-1 for cordycepin. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) and detection (LOD) were 1.0 and 0.2 μg·mL-1 for thymine, 1.8 and 0.6 μg·mL-1 for adenine, 0.6 and 0.1 μg·mL-1 for adenosine and 0.5 and 0.1 μg·mL-1 for cordycepin, respectively. The recoveries of the four nucleosides ranged from 98.47 to 99.32%. The developed method was successfully used to determine nucleosides in Cordyceps sinensis from different sources.
A Novel Category of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs for Treating Salt-Sensitive Hypertension on the Basis of a New Development Concept
Authors: Katori Makoto , Majima Masataka
Published: January 2010

Terrestrial animals must conserve water and NaCl to survive dry environments. The kidney reabsorbs 95% of the sodium filtered from the glomeruli before sodium reaches the distal connecting tubules. Excess sodium intake requires the renal kallikrein-kinin system for additional excretion. Renal kallikrein is secreted from the distal connecting tubule cells of the kidney, and its substrates, low molecular kininogen, from the principal cells of the cortical collecting ducts (CD). Formed kinins inhibit reabsorption of NaCl through bradykinin (BK)-B2 receptors, localized along the CD. Degradation pathway of BK by kinin-destroying enzymes in urine differs completely from that in plasma, so that ACE inhibitors are ineffective. Urinary BK is destroyed mainly by a carboxypeptidase-Y-like exopeptidase (CPY) and partly by a neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Inhibitors of CPY and NEP, ebelactone B and poststatin, respectively, were found. Renal kallikrein secretion is accelerated by potassium and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel blockers, such as PNU-37883A. Ebelactone B prevents DOCA-salt hypertension in rats. Only high salt intake causes hypertension in animals deficient in BK-B2 receptors, tissue kallikrein, or kininogen. Hypertensive patients, and spontaneously hypertensive rats, excrete less kallikrein than normal subjects, irrespective of races, and become salt-sensitive. Ebelactone B, poststatin, and KATP channel blockers could become novel antihypertensive drugs by increase in urinary kinin levels. Roles of kinin in cardiovascular diseases were discussed.
Comparison of Functional Protein Transduction Domains Using the NEMO Binding Domain Peptide
Authors: Khaja Khaleel , Robbins Paul
Published: January 2010

Protein transduction domains (PTDs), both naturally occurring and synthetic, have been extensively utilized for intracellular delivery of biologically active molecules both in vitro and in vivo. However, most comparisons of transduction efficiency have been performed using fluorescent markers. To compare efficiency of functional protein transduction, a peptide derived from IkB kinase ß (IKKß) that prevents formation of an active IKK complex was used as a biologically active cargo. This peptide, termed NEMO Binding Domain (NBD), is able to block activation of the transcriptional factor NF-κB by IKK, but not basal NF-κB activity. Our results demonstrate that Antp and Tat PTDs were most effective for delivery of NBD for inhibition of NF-kB activation compared to other PTD-NBD in both Hela and 293 cells, however, at higher concentrations (100 µM), the Antp-NBD as well as the FGF-NBD peptide caused significant cellular toxicity. In contrast to the cell culture results, delivery of NBD using 8K (octalysine) and 6R (six arginine) were the most effect in blocking inflammation following local, footpad delivery in a KLH-induced DTH murine model of inflammatory arthritis. These results demonstrate differences between PTDs for delivery of a functional cargo between cell types.
Polymers: An Interdisciplinary Open Access Journal
Authors: Böker Alexander
Published: January 2010

During the last 60 years, the field of Macromolecular Science has broadened significantly and macromolecular or polymeric materials today constitute the most important class of materials. More than any other class of materials, polymers have revolutionized and enabled various technology platforms. The versatility in applications ranges from major structural components (the Airbus A380-800 or the Boeing 787 are built from 80% carbon fiber reinforced thermoset by volume) to high value added ingredients on the scale of grams as for use in lithography or drug delivery. Key to these systems is the direct control of the physical properties of the polymeric constituents, which in turn reflects fundamental advances in fields, including (i) polymerization methods, (ii) theory, simulation, and modeling, (iii) understanding of new physical phenomena, (iv) advances in characterization techniques, and (v) harnessing of self-assembly and biological strategies for producing complex multifunctional structures. Research activity in the field of Macromolecular Science continues to expand and attracts scientists from many other disciplines. [...]
Reliability Testing Procedure for MEMS IMUs Applied to Vibrating Environments
Authors: De Pasquale Giorgio , Somà Aurelio
Published: January 2010

The diffusion of micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology applied to navigation systems is rapidly increasing, but currently, there is a lack of knowledge about the reliability of this typology of devices, representing a serious limitation to their use in aerospace vehicles and other fields with medium and high requirements. In this paper, a reliability testing procedure for inertial sensors and inertial measurement units (IMU) based on MEMS for applications in vibrating environments is presented. The sensing performances were evaluated in terms of signal accuracy, systematic errors, and accidental errors; the actual working conditions were simulated by means of an accelerated dynamic excitation. A commercial MEMS-based IMU was analyzed to validate the proposed procedure. The main weaknesses of the system have been localized by providing important information about the relationship between the reliability levels of the system and individual components.
Optimal Clinical Time for Reliable Measurement of Transcutaneous CO2 with Ear Probes: Counterbalancing Overshoot and the Vasodilatation Effect
Authors: Domingo Christian , Canturri Elisa , Moreno Amalia , Espuelas Humildad , Vigil Laura , Luján Manel
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine the optimal clinical reading time for the transcutaneous measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO ) and transcutaneous CO2 (TcPCO2) in awake spontaneously breathing individuals, considering the overshoot phenomenon (transient overestimation of arterial PaCO2). EXPERIMENTAL SECTION: Observational study of 91 (75 men) individuals undergoing forced spirometry, measurement of SpO2 and TcPCO2 with the SenTec monitor every two minutes until minute 20 and arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. Overshoot severity: (a) mild (0.1–1.9 mm Hg); (b) moderate (2–4.9 mm Hg); (c) severe: (>5 mm Hg). The mean difference was calculated for SpO2 and TcPCO2 and arterial values of PaCO2 and SpO2. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between monitor readings and blood values was calculated as a measure of agreement. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.1 ± 11.8 years. Spirometric values: FVC: 75.4 ± 6.2%; FEV1: 72.9 ± 23.9%; FEV1/FVC: 70 ± 15.5%. ABG: PaO2: 82.6 ± 13.2; PaCO2: 39.9.1 ± 4.8 mmHg; SaO2: 95.3 ± 4.4%. Overshoot analysis: overshoot was mild in 33 (36.3%) patients, moderate in 20 (22%) and severe in nine (10%); no overshoot was observed in 29 (31%) patients. The lowest mean differences between arterial blood gas and TcPCO2 was –0.57 mmHg at minute 10, although the highest ICC was obtained at minutes 12 and 14 (>0.8). The overshoot lost its influence after minute 12. For SpO2, measurements were reliable at minute 2. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal clinical reading measurement recommended for the ear lobe TcPCO2 measurement ranges between minute 12 and 14. The SpO2 measurement can be performed at minute 2.
SBMAC: Smart Blocking MAC Mechanism for Variable UW-ASN (Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network) Environment
Authors: Shin Soo-Young , Namgung Jung-Il , Park Soo-Hyun
Published: January 2010

In this paper, several MAC scheduling methods applicable to an underwater environment are proposed. Besides, a new marine communication system model was proposed to improve the reliability of the proposed SBMAC method. The scheme minimizes transmission of control frames except for data transmission and various transmission methods and ACK methods can be used together. Simulation models are set indices and analysis of the underwater environment is established to conduct reliable simulations. Consequently, the performance improvement of the proposed method is verified with respect to delay time, data transmission rate, memory utilization, energy efficiency, etc.
Barriers and Opportunities for Sustainable Food Systems in Northeastern Kansas
Authors: Peterson Hikaru Hanawa , Selfa Theresa , Janke Rhonda
Published: January 2010

Survey responses of producers and institutional buyers in northeastern Kansas (United States) were analyzed to understand barriers and opportunities for sustainable food systems in the region where their emergence has been limited. Producers and buyers identified barriers previously noted regarding mismatches of available quantities and prices. Producers’ enthusiasm to supply locally exceeded buyers’ interest to source locally. Transportation was identified as one of the major concerns by producers, and their responses to choice tasks revealed producers’ preferences to sell locally while pricing their products to secure sales revenue and to cover their logistics expenses at least partially.
Dual Symmetry in Bent-Core Liquid Crystals and Unconventional Superconductors
Authors: Mettout Bruno , Lorman Vladimir
Published: January 2010

We extend the Landau theory of bent-core mesophases and d-wave high-Tc superconductors by considering additional secondary pseudo-proper order parameters. These systems exhibit a remarkable analogy relating their symmetry groups, lists of phases, and an infinite set of physical tensors. This analogy lies upon an internal dual structure shared by the two theories. We study the dual operator transforming rotations into translations in liquid crystals, and gauge symmetries into rotations in superconductors. It is used to classify the bent-core line defects, and to analyze the electronic gap structure of lamellar d-wave superfluids.
Sensing the Deadliest Toxin: Technologies for Botulinum Neurotoxin Detection
Authors: Čapek Petr , Dickerson Tobin J.
Published: January 2010

Sensitive and rapid detection of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the most poisonous substances known to date, is essential for studies of medical applications of BoNTs and detection of poisoned food, as well as for response to potential bioterrorist threats. Currently, the most common method of BoNT detection is the mouse bioassay. While this assay is sensitive, it is slow, quite expensive, has limited throughput and requires sacrificing animals. Herein, we discuss and compare recently developed alternative in vitro detection methods and assess their ability to supplement or replace the mouse bioassay in the analysis of complex matrix samples.
HIV-1 Subtype C Phylodynamics in the Global Epidemic
Authors: Novitsky Vlad , Wang Rui , Lagakos Stephen , Essex Max
Published: January 2010

The diversity of HIV-1 and its propensity to generate escape mutants present fundamental challenges to control efforts, including HIV vaccine design. Intra-host diversification of HIV is determined by immune responses elicited by an HIV-infected individual over the course of the infection. Complex and dynamic patterns of transmission of HIV lead to an even more complex population viral diversity over time, thus presenting enormous challenges to vaccine development. To address inter-patient viral evolution over time, a set of 653 unique HIV-1 subtype C gag sequences were retrieved from the LANL HIV Database, grouped by sampling year as
Correlative Structural Biology: How to Investigate the Fine Details of Viral Structure
Authors: Wright Elizabeth R.
Published: January 2010

Commentary on Byeon, I.J.; Meng, X.; Jung, J.; Zhao, G.; Yang, R.; Ahn, J.; Shi, J.; Concel, J.; Aiken, C.; Zhang, P.; Gronenborn, A.M. Structural convergence between Cryo-EM and NMR reveals intersubunit interactions critical for HIV-1 capsid function. Cell 2009, 139, 780-790.
Choosing the Optimal Trigger Point for Analysis of Movements after Stroke Based on Magnetoencephalographic Recordings
Authors: Waldmann Guido , Schauer Michael , Woldag Hartwig , Hummelsheim Horst
Published: January 2010

The aim of this study was to select the optimal procedure for analysing motor fields (MF) and motor evoked fields (MEF) measured from brain injured patients. Behavioural pretests with patients have shown that most of them cannot stand measurements longer than 30 minutes and they also prefer to move the hand with rather short breaks between movements. Therefore, we were unable to measure the motor field (MF) optimally. Furthermore, we planned to use MEF to monitor cortical plasticity in a motor rehabilitation procedure. Classically, the MF analysis refers to rather long epochs around the movement onset (M-onset). We shortened the analysis epoch down to a range from 1000 milliseconds before until 500 milliseconds after M-onset to fulfil the needs of the patients. Additionally, we recorded the muscular activity (EMG) by surface electrodes on the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles. Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data were recorded from 9 healthy subjects, who executed horizontally brisk extension and flexion in the right wrist. Significantly higher MF dipole strength was found in data based on EMG-onset than in M-onset based data. There was no difference in MEF I dipole strength between the two trigger latencies. In conclusion, we recommend averaging in respect to the EMG-onset for the analysis of both components MF as well as MEF.
Single‐Cell DNA and FISH Analysis for Application to Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
Authors: Chong Samuel S. , Gore‐Langton Robert E. , Hughes Mark R. , Weremowicz Stanislawa
Published: January 2010

Preimplantation genetic testing, which includes preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and preimplantation genetic screening (PGS), is a form of a very early prenatal testing. The goal of this method is to avoid transfer of embryos affected with a specific genetic disease or condition. This unit describes the steps involved in amplifying DNA from a single blastomere and specific assays for detecting a variety of DNA mutations. For some assays, whole‐genome amplification by primer‐extension preamplification (PEP) is performed prior to analysis. Support protocols describe the biopsy of one or two blastomeres from the developing preimplantation embryo, isolation for further investigation of all blastomeres from embryos shown to have the mutant allele, and isolation of single lymphocytes or lymphoblastoid cells as models for single‐cell DNA analysis. A procedure for FISH analysis on single interphase blastomeres is provided along with support protocols for probe preparation and probe validation, which is recommended as a preliminary step before performing any PGD or PGS FISH analysis. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 64:9.10.1‐9.10.39. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Laminated Materials, Glass
Authors: Nichols R. Terrell , Sowers Robert M.
Published: January 2010

Laminated glass has been in use since the early twentieth century, beginning with automotive applications and expanding to applications in locations where strong durable transparent panels were required and hazards to life and injury were critical. Poly(vinyl butryal) (PVB) is the main material used for interlayers with glass. Properties of laminated glass are discussed: impact strength and optical properties are the most important. Details are given on the manufacture of windshields. Specifications and analytical methods are discussed. Present uses of laminated glass are in the automotive industry as windshields and acoustic glazings for green vehicles, in aircraft windshields, building materials, and in photovoltaic products.
Photoemission and Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Himpsel Franz J. , Lindau Ingolf
Published: January 2010

This chapter addresses the applications of photoelectron spectroscopy in atomic and molecular physics, solid state physics, surface science, and materials science. First, the theoretical underpinnings are outlined. Subsequently, the advances in light sources and detectors, such as synchrotron radiation from undulators, UV lasers, efficient multidetection of energy and momentum, and high‐resolution zero kinetic energy electron detection, are discussed. The remainder is dedicated to a variety of case studies that illustrate the wide range of techniques and applications. The generic methods are photoelectron spectroscopy of core‐levels (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)), photoelectron spectroscopy of valence electrons (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES)), and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy with electron detection for probing unoccupied molecular orbitals and magnetism (X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD)). Among the special applications are spectro‐microscopy with chemical sensitivity, mapping of the electronic states near the Fermi level that are relevant to magnetism and superconductivity, and finding the electronic states of surfaces and nanostructures.
Colorimetry
Authors: Marcus Robert T.
Published: January 2010

We live in a very colorful world. Modern materials provide us with products in a multitude of colors that could only have been dreamt of in the past. Scientist and technicians use colorimetry, the measurement of color, to ensure that consumers get the colors that they are expecting to get consistently over time. In colorimetry, we try to simulate the human experience to quantify and control color. Color perception depends upon the light source illuminating an object, the pigments and dyes used in manufacturing the object, the eye of the observer whose impulses are translated by the brain as a color. To simulate color perception, standardized illuminants (mathematical light sources) were defined and color‐matching functions (simulating the eye‐brain combination) were experimentally derived. Spectrophotometers are used to characterize objects. An object may absorb light, scatter and reflect light, and/or transmit light. Spectrophotometers measure the reflectance and/or transmittance of the object at given wavelengths of the visible spectrum. Perceptual color coordinates of the object can be calculated for the spectrophotometric measurements. Colorimeters determine color coordinates directly during the measurement using broadband spectral devices. Special techniques are required to measure fluorescent samples that not only reflect light but emit light. Measuring materials containing traditional colorants and metallic flakes require instruments with multiple viewing angles. Measuring materials containing interference pigments require instruments with multiple illumination angles and multiple viewing angles. Measuring lamps and other light emitters require spectral radiometers and radiometric colorimeters.
Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gross Jürgen H.
Published: January 2010

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

Concept of Mass Spectrometry

Goal of Mass Spectrometry

Mass Spectrometry at a Glance

Aims and Scope

The Role of Isotopes in Mass Spectrometry

Isotopes

Atomic Mass Scale

Isotopic Patterns

Accurate Mass

Calculation of Atomic Weights and Molecular Weights

Mass Spectrometric Methods

Ionization Processes

Formation of Positive Radical Ions

Electron Ionization

Photoionization

Penning Ionization

Charge Transfer

Field Ionization

Formation of Positive Ions

Proton Transfer

Electrophilic Addition

Anion Abstraction

Formation of Negative Radical Ions

Electron Capture

Formation of Negative Ions

Nucleophilic Addition

Cation Abstraction

Isotopic and Elemental Analysis

Thermal Ionization

Spark Source

Glow Discharge

Inductively Coupled Plasma

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Ionization of Gaseous Molecules in Vacuum

Electron Ionization

Chemical Ionization

Field Ionization

Desorption/Ionization

Field Desorption

Fast Atom Bombardment and Liquid Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Laser Desorption/Ionization

Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization

Ion Formation at Atmospheric Pressure

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization

Electrospray Ionization

Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization

Atmospheric PressureMALDI

Desorption Electrospray

Direct Analysis in Real Time

Activation Methods for Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Acronyms
Isolation of Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells
Authors: Miki Toshio , Marongiu Fabio , Dorko Kenneth , Ellis Ewa C.S. , Strom Stephen C.
Published: January 2010

Many of the cell types that can be isolated from placental tissues retain phenotypic plasticity that makes them an interesting source of cells for regenerative medicine. Several procedures for the isolation of stem cells from different parts of the placenta have been reported. This unit describes a detailed and simple protocol for the selective isolation of amniotic epithelial cells from human term placenta without disturbing the mesenchymal layer. We also introduce a simple density separation technique for the enrichment of the population for SSEA‐4 positive cells. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 12:1E.3.1‐1E.3.10. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
De novo 12;17 translocation upstream of SOX9 resulting in 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development
Authors: Refai Osama , Friedman Andrew , Terry Lori , Jewett Tamison , Pearlman Alexander , Perle Mary Ann , Ostrer Harry
Published: January 2010

Individuals with rare cytogenetic variants have contributed to our understanding of the genetics of sex development and its disorders. Here, we report on a child with a de novo 12;17 translocation, 46,XX,t(12;17)(q14.3;q24.3) chromosome complement, resulting in SRY‐negative 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development (46,XX DSD without campomelic dysplasia). The chromosome 12 breakpoint was mapped via array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) of a hybrid somatic cell line to 64.2–64.6 Mb (from the p arm telomere). The chromosome 17 breakpoint was mapped to 66.4–67.1 Mb, that is, upstream of SOX9. The location of the chromosome 17 breakpoint was refined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) at ≥776 kb upstream of SOX9. Thus, the 12;17 translocation removed part of the SOX9 cis‐regulatory region and replaced it with a regulatory element from pseudogene LOC204010 or the next gene, Deynar, of chromosome 12, potentially causing up‐regulation of the testis‐determining SOX9 gene during gonadal development and the phenotype of 46,XX testicular DSD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A complex chromosome 7q rearrangement identified in a patient with mental retardation, anxiety disorder, and autistic features
Authors: Dauwerse Johannes G. , Ruivenkamp Claudia A. , Hansson Kerstin , Marijnissen Godfried M. , Peters Dorien J.M. , Breuning Martijn H. , Hilhorst‐Hofstee Yvonne
Published: January 2010

We have characterized a de novo complex rearrangement of the long arm of chromosome 7 in a female patient with moderate mental retardation (MR), anxiety disorder, and autistic features. G‐banding suggested a de novo paracentric inversion 46,XX,inv(7)(q31.3q34). However, SNP‐array analysis, showed a ±10 Mb, 7q21.11–q21.3 deletion in the paternal chromosome. Subsequent FISH analysis with BAC/PAC clones in the 7q21–q35 region confirmed this deletion. However, the expected paracentric inversion turned out to be an intra‐chromosomal insertion of the 7q31.31–q35 fragment into band 7q21.3, disrupting the predicted gene C7orf58 in band 7q31.31. Seven other patients have been previously reported with a deletion of 7q21.1–q21.3. Although there is an overlap in phenotype between our patient and these patients, none of them has been described with anxiety disorder and/or autistic features. Therefore we suggest that disruption of the C7orf58 gene might contribute to the anxiety disorder, and autistic features in our patient. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symbolization and emotional engagement in mothers' reports of child care activities
Authors: Christian Christopher , Hoffman Leon , Bucci Wilma , Crimins Michelle , Worth Michael
Published: January 2010

This study examines differences in mothers' emotional connection to their children as represented in narratives concerning a range of everyday parenting activities and interactions. First time mothers were interviewed over a period of approximately the first two years of their children's lives, using a semi‐structured Parenting Function Interview (PFI), developed for purposes of this research. The new computerized Referential Activity (RA) measure, the Weighted Referential Activity Dictionary (WRAD), was applied to the interview transcripts. Significant differences in RA, representing differences in the symbolizing process and emotional engagement in particular parent–child activities, were found between mothers, and also according to child care topic. On average, mothers' RA was highest for topics of bathing, bedtime and pleasurable events, and lowest for angry and difficult moments. Themes of feeding were relatively low in RA for three of the four mothers, and reports of frightening events showed significantly higher RA than themes of anger for all mothers. Clinical implications of profiles of the mothers' emotional engagement in different topic areas are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Phase Transition, Elastic Properties and Electronic Properties of Chalcopyrite CuAlX2 (X: S, Se, Te)
Authors: Abdellaoui A. , Ghaffour M. , Bouslama M. , Benalia S. , Ouerdane A. , Abidri B. , Monteil Y.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray/Neutron Diffraction Studies and ab initio Electronic Structure of CeMgNi4 and Its Hydride.
Authors: Roquefere Jean‐Gabriel , Matar Samir F. , Huot Jacques , Bobet Jean‐Louis
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Strain‐Driven Morphotropic Phase Boundary in BiFeO3.
Authors: Zeches R. J. , et al. et al.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Antimonate Photocatalysts MSb2O6 (M: Ca, Sr and Ba): A Correlation Between Packing Factor and Photocatalytic Activity.
Authors: Lin Xinping , Wu Jianjun , Lue Xujie , Shan Zhichao , Wang Wendeng , Huang Fuqiang
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Characterization, Thermal, Dielectric, Vibrational Properties and Molecular Motions in [C3N2H5]6 [Bi4Br18].
Authors: Piecha A. , Jakubas R. , Pietraszko A. , Baran J. , Medycki W. , Kruk D.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Glucose Reduction Route for the Synthesis of Sheet‐Like Copper Dendrites.
Authors: Ni Yonghong , Wang Biao , Liu Rong , Hong Jianming
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Cascade Reactions with α‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Galzerano Patrizia , Pesciaioli Fabio , Mazzanti Andrea , Bartoli Giuseppe , Melchiorre Paolo
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Cycloadditive Couplings of Enynes and Isocyanates.
Authors: D'Souza Brendan R. , Louie Janis
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Consecutive C—H Functionalization Reactions of Arenes: Synthesis of Carbo‐ and Heteropolycyclic Skeletons.
Authors: Suarez‐Pantiga Samuel , Palomas David , Rubio Eduardo , Gonzalez Jose M.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Catalyst for Aldehyde Hydrogenation and Tandem Hydroformylation—Hydrogenation.
Authors: Diab Lisa , Smejkal Tomas , Geier Jens , Breit Bernhard
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective Copper‐Catalyzed Conjugate Reduction of Stereochemically Labile α,β‐Unsaturated Amino Ketones.
Authors: Pelss Andrejs , Kumpulainen Esa T. T. , Koskinen Ari M. P.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Alkyl Purine, Pyrimidine and Azole Derivatives from Alcohols Using Ph3P/CCl4: A Rapid Route to Carboacyclic Nucleoside Synthesis.
Authors: Soltani Rad Mohammad Navid , Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Behrouz Somayeh , Asrari Zeinab , Behrouz Marzieh , Amini Zohreh
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS)/Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA): A Novel System for Reductive Amination Reactions.
Authors: Patel Jay P. , Li An‐Hu , Dong Hanqing , Korlipara Vijaya L. , Mulvihill Mark J.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Platinum Complexes Containing (+)‐Bornyl‐ and (‐)‐Menthylammonium in the Outer Coordination Sphere and Their Catalytic Activity in Hydrosilylation Reactions.
Authors: de Vekki D. A. , Uvarov V. M. , Reznikov A. N. , Skvortsov N. K.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II) Complex Catalyzed O‐Borylation of Alcohols with Vinylboronates.
Authors: Marciniec Bogdan , Walkowiak Jedrzej
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ethyl 4‐Chloro‐2‐oxobut‐3‐ynoate and Its Addition to Alkyl Vinyl Ethers.
Authors: Koldobskii A. B. , Solodova E. V. , Godovikov I. A. , Kalinin V. N.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Halocyclopropanation of α,β‐Unsaturated Amides.
Authors: Concellon Jose M. , Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Blanco Elena G. , Villa‐Garcia Maria A. , Alvaredo Noemi , Garcia‐Granda Santiago , Diaz M. Rosario
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed [6 + 2] Cycloaddition of Internal Alkynes and Terminal Alkenes with Cycloheptatriene.
Authors: Hilt Gerhard , Paul Anna , Hengst Christoph
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Powder: The First Nonmetal Elemental Catalyst for Aminobromination of Olefins with TsNH2 and NBS.
Authors: Wei Jun‐Fa , Chen Zhan‐Guo , Lei Wei , Zhang Li‐Hui , Wang Ming‐Zheng , Shi Xian‐Ying , Li Run‐Tao
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(OTf)2‐Catalyzed α‐Halogenation of Ketones with 1,3‐Dichloro‐5,5′‐dimethylhydantoin and N‐Bromosuccinimide.
Authors: Jagdale Arun R. , Chouthaiwale Pandurang V. , Sudalai Arumugam
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Acyl‐1‐hydroxy‐2,3‐benzodioates by Chelation‐Controlled [3 + 3] Annulation of 3‐Acyl‐4‐ethoxy‐2‐oxo‐3‐enoates with 1,3‐Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes.
Authors: Riahi Abdolmajid , Shkoor Mohanad , Fatunsin Olumide , Khera Rasheed Ahmad , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Homopropargylic Sulfonamides by a Three‐Component Reaction of Aldehydes, Sulfonamides, and Chiral Allenylsilanes.
Authors: Brawn Ryan A. , Panek James S.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Insights into the Role of New Palladium Pincer Complexes as Robust and Recyclable Precatalysts for Suzuki—Miyaura Couplings in Neat Water
Authors: Ines Blanca , SanMartin Raul , Moure Maria Jesus , Dominguez Esther
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Suzuki Coupling of Aryl Chlorides in a Continuous Flow Capillary Microreactor.
Authors: Jin Jie , Cai Min‐Min , Li Jian‐Xin
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Alkynes by Tributylamine.
Authors: Cho Chan Sik , Kim Dong Tak , Shim Sang Chul
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CuX2‐Mediated [4 + 2] Benzannulation as a New Synthetic Tool for Stereoselective Construction of Haloaromatic Compounds.
Authors: Isogai Yukie , Menggenbateer Menggenbateer , Khan F. Nawaz , Asao Naoki
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of trans‐Aziridines.
Authors: Ritzen Bas , van Oers Matthijs C. M. , van Delft Floris L. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Aza‐β‐lactams via NHC‐Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ketenes with Diazenedicarboxylates.
Authors: Huang Xue‐Liang , Chen Xiang‐Yu , Ye Song
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Modified Prins Reaction for the Facile Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Substituted 5‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl)‐3,3‐dihydrofurane‐2(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Gao Rong , Canney Daniel J.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of γ‐Dispiroiminolactone Bearing Naphthalene or Bipyridine Pendant Groups
Authors: Maghsoodlou Malek T. , Hazeri Nourollah , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed M. , Ziyaadini Morteza , Marandi Ghasem , Khandan‐Barani Khatereh , Ebrahimi Pouneh , Charati Faramarz Rostami , Sobolev Alexandre , Makha Mohamed
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.