bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification, monitoring, and reaction kinetics of reactive trace species using time-resolved mid-infrared quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy: development, characterisation, and initial results for the CH2OO Criegee intermediate
Authors: Mir Zara S. , Jamieson Matthew , Greenall Nicholas R. , Seakins Paul W. , Blitz Mark A. , Stone Daniel
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The chemistry and reaction kinetics of reactive species
dominate changes to the composition of complex chemical systems, including
Earth's atmosphere. Laboratory experiments to identify reactive species and
their reaction products, and to monitor their reaction kinetics and product
yields, are key to our understanding of complex systems. In this work we
describe the development and characterisation of an experiment using laser
flash photolysis coupled with time-resolved mid-infrared (mid-IR) quantum
cascade laser (QCL) absorption spectroscopy, with initial results reported
for measurements of the infrared spectrum, kinetics, and product yields for
the reaction of the CH2OO Criegee intermediate with SO2. The
instrument presented has high spectral (< 0.004 cm−1) and
temporal (< 5 µs) resolution and is able to monitor kinetics
with a dynamic range to at least 20 000 s−1. Results obtained at 298 K
and pressures between 20 and 100 Torr gave a rate coefficient for the
reaction of CH2OO with SO2 of (3.83 ± 0.63) × 10−11 cm3 s−1, which compares well to the current IUPAC
recommendation of 3.70-0.40+0.45 × 10−11 cm3 s−1. A limit of
detection of 4.0 × 10−5, in absorbance terms, can be achieved,
which equates to a limit of detection of ∼ 2 × 1011 cm−3 for CH2OO, monitored at 1285.7 cm−1, based on
the detection path length of (218 ± 20) cm. Initial results, directly
monitoring SO3 at 1388.7 cm−1, demonstrate that SO3 is the
reaction product for CH2OO + SO2. The use of mid-IR QCL
absorption spectroscopy offers significant advantages over alternative
techniques commonly used to determine reaction kinetics, such as
laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) or ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy,
owing to the greater number of species to which IR measurements can be
applied. There are also significant advantages over alternative IR
techniques, such as step-scan FT-IR, owing to the coherence and increased
intensity and spectral resolution of the QCL source and in terms of cost.
The instrument described in this work has potential applications in
atmospheric chemistry, astrochemistry, combustion chemistry, and in the
monitoring of trace species in industrial processes and medical diagnostics.
Melt in the Greenland EastGRIP ice core reveals Holocene warm events
Authors: Westhoff Julien , Sinnl Giulia , Svensson Anders , Freitag Johannes , Kjær Helle Astrid , Vallelonga Paul , Vinther Bo , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Weikusat Ilka
Published: May 2022

Abstract. We present a record of melt events obtained from the East Greenland Ice Core Project (EastGRIP) ice core in central northeastern Greenland, covering the largest part of the Holocene.
The data were acquired visually using an optical dark-field line scanner. We detect and describe melt layers and lenses, seen as bubble-free layers and lenses, throughout the ice above the bubble–clathrate transition. This transition is located at 1150 m depth in the EastGRIP ice core, corresponding to an age of 9720 years b2k.
We define the brittle zone in the EastGRIP ice core as that from 650 to 950 m depth, where we count on average more than three core breaks per meter.
We analyze melt layer thicknesses, correct for ice thinning, and account for missing layers due to core breaks.
Our record of melt events shows a large, distinct peak around 1014 years b2k (986 CE) and a broad peak around 7000 years b2k, corresponding to the Holocene Climatic Optimum. In total, we can identify approximately 831 mm of melt (corrected for thinning) over the past 10 000 years.
We find that the melt event from 986 CE is most likely a large rain event similar to that from 2012 CE, and that these two events are unprecedented throughout the Holocene. We also compare the most recent 2500 years to a tree ring composite and find an overlap between melt events and tree ring anomalies indicating warm summers.
Considering the ice dynamics of the EastGRIP site resulting from the flow of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS), we find that summer temperatures must have been at least 3 ± 0.6 ∘C warmer during the Early Holocene compared to today.
Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene AMOC in PlioMIP2
Authors: Weiffenbach Julia E. , Baatsen Michiel L. J. , Dijkstra Henk A. , von der Heydt Anna S. , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Brady Esther C. , Chan Wing-Le , Chandan Deepak , Chandler Mark A. , Contoux Camille , Feng Ran , Guo Chuncheng , Han Zixuan , Haywood Alan M. , Li Qiang , Li Xiangyu , Lohmann Gerrit , Lunt Daniel J. , Nisancioglu Kerim H. , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Peltier W. Richard , Ramstein Gilles , Sohl Linda E. , Stepanek Christian , Tan Ning , Tindall Julia C. , Williams Charles J. R. , Zhang Qiong , Zhang Zhongshi
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264–3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period in which the atmospheric CO2 concentration was approximately equal to the concentration we measure today (ca. 400 ppm). Sea surface temperature (SST) proxies indicate above-average warming over the North Atlantic in the mid-Pliocene with respect to the pre-industrial period, which may be linked to an intensified Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Earlier results from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) show that the ensemble simulates a stronger AMOC in the mid-Pliocene than in the pre-industrial. However, no consistent relationship between the stronger mid-Pliocene AMOC and either the Atlantic northward ocean heat transport (OHT) or average North Atlantic SSTs has been found. In this study, we look further into the drivers and consequences of a stronger AMOC in mid-Pliocene compared to pre-industrial simulations in PlioMIP2. We find that all model simulations with a closed Bering Strait and Canadian Archipelago show reduced freshwater transport from the Arctic Ocean into the North Atlantic. The resulting increase in salinity in the subpolar North Atlantic and Labrador Sea drives the stronger AMOC in the mid-Pliocene. To investigate the dynamics behind the ensemble's variable response of the total Atlantic OHT to the stronger AMOC, we separate the Atlantic OHT into two components associated with either the overturning circulation or the wind-driven gyre circulation. While the ensemble mean of the overturning component is increased significantly in magnitude in the mid-Pliocene, it is partly compensated by a reduction of the gyre component in the northern subtropical gyre region. This indicates that the lack of relationship between the total OHT and AMOC is due to changes in OHT by the subtropical gyre. The overturning and gyre components should therefore be considered separately to gain a more complete understanding of the OHT response to a stronger mid-Pliocene AMOC. In addition, we show that the AMOC exerts a stronger influence on North Atlantic SSTs in the mid-Pliocene than in the pre-industrial, providing a possible explanation for the improved agreement of the PlioMIP2 ensemble mean SSTs with reconstructions in the North Atlantic.
GREB-ISM v1.0: A coupled ice sheet model for the Globally Resolved Energy Balance model for global simulations on timescales of 100 kyr
Authors: Xie Zhiang , Dommenget Dietmar , McCormack Felicity S. , Mackintosh Andrew N.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. We introduce a newly developed global ice sheet model coupled to the Globally Resolved Energy Balance (GREB) climate model for the simulation of
global ice sheet evolution on timescales of 100 kyr or longer (GREB-ISM v1.0). Ice sheets and ice shelves are simulated on a global grid,
fully interacting with the climate simulation of surface temperature, precipitation, albedo, land–sea mask, topography and sea level. Thus, it is a
fully coupled atmosphere, ocean, land and ice sheet model. We test the model in ice sheet stand-alone and fully coupled simulations. The ice sheet
model dynamics behave similarly to other hybrid SIA (shallow ice approximation) and SSA (shallow shelf approximation) models, but the West Antarctic
Ice Sheet accumulates too much ice using present-day boundary conditions. The coupled model simulations produce global equilibrium ice sheet volumes
and calving rates like those observed for present-day boundary conditions. We designed a series of idealized experiments driven by oscillating solar
radiation forcing on periods of 20, 50 and 100 kyr in the Northern Hemisphere. These simulations show clear interactions between the climate
system and ice sheets, resulting in slow buildup and fast decay of ice-covered areas and global ice volume. The results also show that Northern
Hemisphere ice sheets respond more strongly to timescales longer than 100 kyr. The coupling to the atmosphere and sea level leads to
climate interactions between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The model can run global simulations of 100 kyr d−1 on a desktop
computer, allowing the simulation of the whole Quaternary period (2.6 Myr) within 1 month.
MagmaFOAM-1.0: a modular framework for the simulation of magmatic systems
Authors: Brogi Federico , Colucci Simone , Matrone Jacopo , Montagna Chiara Paola , De' Michieli Vitturi Mattia , Papale Paolo
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Numerical simulations of volcanic processes play a fundamental role in understanding the dynamics of magma storage,
ascent, and eruption. The recent extraordinary progress in computer performance and improvements in numerical modeling techniques
allow simulating multiphase systems in mechanical and thermodynamical disequilibrium. Nonetheless, the growing complexity of these simulations requires the development of flexible computational tools that can easily switch between sub-models and solution techniques.
In this work we present MagmaFOAM, a library based on the open-source computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM that incorporates models for solving the dynamics of multiphase, multicomponent magmatic systems. Retaining the modular structure of OpenFOAM, MagmaFOAM allows runtime selection of the solution technique depending on the physics of the specific process and sets a solid framework for in-house and community model development, testing, and comparison. MagmaFOAM models thermomechanical nonequilibrium phase coupling and phase change, and it implements state-of-the-art multiple volatile saturation models and constitutive equations with composition-dependent and space–time local computation of thermodynamic and transport properties. Code testing is performed using different multiphase modeling approaches for processes relevant to magmatic systems: Rayleigh–Taylor instability for buoyancy-driven magmatic processes, multiphase shock tube simulations propaedeutical to conduit dynamics studies, and bubble growth and breakage in basaltic melts. Benchmark simulations illustrate the capabilities and potential of MagmaFOAM
to account for the variety of nonlinear physical and thermodynamical processes characterizing the dynamics of volcanic systems.
Development of a deep neural network for predicting 6 h average PM2.5 concentrations up to 2 subsequent days using various training data
Authors: Lee Jeong-Beom , Lee Jae-Bum , Koo Youn-Seo , Kwon Hee-Yong , Choi Min-Hyeok , Park Hyun-Ju , Lee Dae-Gyun
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Despite recent progress of numerical air quality models,
accurate prediction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is still
challenging because of uncertainties in physical and chemical
parameterizations, meteorological data, and emission inventory databases.
Recent advances in artificial neural networks can be used to overcome
limitations in numerical air quality models. In this study, a deep neural
network (DNN) model was developed for a 3 d forecasting of 6 h average
PM2.5 concentrations: the day of prediction (D+0), 1 d after
prediction (D+1), and 2 d after prediction (D+2). The DNN model was
evaluated against the currently operational Community Multiscale Air Quality
(CMAQ) modeling system in South Korea. Our study demonstrated that the DNN
model outperformed the CMAQ modeling results. The DNN model provided better
forecasting skills by reducing the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) by 4.1, 2.2, and 3.0 µg m−3 for the 3
consecutive days, respectively, compared with the CMAQ. Also, the false-alarm
rate (FAR) decreased by 16.9 %p (D+0), 7.5 %p (D+1), and 7.6 %p (D+2), indicating that the DNN model substantially mitigated the
overprediction of the CMAQ in high PM2.5 concentrations. These results
showed that the DNN model outperformed the CMAQ model when it was
simultaneously trained by using the observation and forecasting data from
the numerical air quality models. Notably, the forecasting data provided
more benefits to the DNN modeling results as the forecasting days
increased. Our results suggest that our data-driven machine learning
approach can be a useful tool for air quality forecasting when it is
implemented with air quality models together by reducing model-oriented
systematic biases.
Low flow estimation beyond the mean – expectile loss and extreme gradient boosting for spatio-temporal low flow prediction in Austria
Authors: Laimighofer Johannes , Melcher Michael , Laaha Gregor
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Accurate predictions of seasonal low flows are critical for a number of water management tasks that require inferences about water quality and the ecological status of water bodies. This paper proposes an extreme gradient tree boosting model (XGBoost) for predicting monthly low flow in ungauged catchments. Particular emphasis is placed on the lowest values (in the magnitude of annual low flows and below) by implementing the expectile loss function to the XGBoost model. For this purpose, we test expectile loss functions based on decreasing expectiles (from τ = 0.5 to 0.01) that give increasing weight to lower values. These are compared to common loss functions such as mean and median absolute loss. Model optimization and evaluation is conducted using a nested cross validation approach that includes recursive feature elimination to promote parsimonious models. The methods are tested on a comprehensive dataset of 260 stream gauges in Austria covering a wide range of low flow regimes. Our results demonstrate that the expectile loss function can yield high prediction accuracy, but the performance drops sharply for low expectile models. With a median R2 of 0.67, the 0.5 expectile yields the best performing model. The 0.3 and 0.2 perform slightly worse, but still outperform the common median and mean absolute loss functions. All expectile models include some stations with moderate and poor performance that can be attributed to some systematic error, while the seasonal and annual variability is well covered by the models. Results for the prediction of low extremes show an increasing performance in terms of R2 for smaller expectiles (0.01, 0.025, 0.05), though leading to the disadvantage of classifying too many extremes for each station. We found that the application of different expectiles leads to a trade-off between overall performance, prediction performance for extremes, and misclassification of extreme low flow events. Our results show that the 0.1 or 0.2 expectiles perform best with respect to all three criteria. The resulting extreme gradient tree boosting model covers seasonal and annual variability nicely and provides a viable approach for spatio-temporal modelling of a range of hydrological variables representing average conditions and extreme events.
Warming of 0.5 °C may cause double the economic loss and increase the population affected by floods in China
Authors: Liu Lulu , Gao Jiangbo , Wu Shaohong
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Based on future scenario data and an improved
quantitative natural-disaster risk assessment model, in this study, we
analysed the response of the characteristics of flood events in China to 1.5 and 2 ∘C of global warming, quantitatively
assessed the population affected and the economic risks of floods, and
determined the integrated risk levels. The results indicate that, for the RCP4.5 (Representative
Concentration Pathway) and RCP8.5 scenarios, the probability and distribution area of the floods
increase with increasing temperature and the influence range of the floods
of different levels expands more rapidly under the RCP4.5 scenario. The floods
mainly affect the social economy in the regions with lower altitudes and
smaller slopes in eastern China. As the increase in temperature intensifies,
the population affected and the direct economic losses are aggravated. For
2 ∘C of global warming, under the RCP8.5 scenario, the population
affected by floods increases by 2 million, and the economic risk nearly
doubles compared with 1.5 ∘C of global warming. The economic risk
under the RCP4.5 scenario even reaches 3 times that for 1.5 ∘C of
global warming, but its proportion to the gross domestic product (GDP) is
lower than that under the RCP8.5 scenario. Under both scenarios, the ranges of
the zones of medium–high flood risk gradually expand westward and northward.
First application of the Integrated Karst Aquifer Vulnerability (IKAV) method – potential and actual vulnerability in Yucatán, Mexico
Authors: Moreno-Gómez Miguel , Martínez-Salvador Carolina , Liedl Rudolf , Stefan Catalin , Pacheco Julia
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Groundwater vulnerability maps are important decision support tools for water resource protection against pollution and helpful in minimizing environmental damage. However, these tools carry a high subjectivity along the multiple steps taken for the development of such maps. Additionally, the theoretical model on which they are based does not consider other important parameters, such as pollutant concentration or pollutant residence time in a given section of the aquifer, solely focusing on the theoretical travel time of a pollutant particle from a release point towards a target. In this work, an integrated methodology for the evaluation of potential (intrinsic) and actual vulnerability is presented. This integrated method, named Integrated Karst Aquifer Vulnerability (IKAV), was developed after the analysis of several study cases around the world and the application of multiple intrinsic groundwater vulnerability methods in a selected study area. Also, a solute transport model served as the basis to define additional parameters for vulnerability analysis for areas severely affected by anthropogenic practices. However, the focus of the transport model must not be mistaken to be hazards and risk mapping. A defined workflow and several criteria for parameters and attributes selection, rating and weighting, and vulnerability classification are presented here. The first application of the IKAV method was carried out in the Yucatán karst, demonstrating to be a reliable method for vulnerability estimation. Results demonstrated the scope of the IKAV method in highlighting important regional conditions, minimizing the subjectivity, and expanding the analysis of vulnerability.
Teaching Afrofuturisms as American Cultural Studies
Authors: Lavan Makeba
Published: May 2022

Kodwo Eshun asserts that “Afrofuturism studies the appeals that black artists, musicians, critics, and writers have made to the future, in moments where any future was made difficult for them to imagine.” Afrofuturism allows African diasporic writers to imagine new and alternate cultural elements in hopes that these will take root in the collective consciousness and shift the cultural paradigm towards true citizenship and equity. It is this main idea that we explored over two semesters (spring 2020 and Spring 2021) of classes taught online in the wake of brutal state sanctioned murders, subsequent uprisings and a global pandemic. As we learned to maneuver these changes, students facilitated lateral learning across discussion groups and questions, asynchronous group meetings, and collaborations with other classes in a class modeled after the Black Radical Tradition.
Reflections on Online Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Vignettes from an Indian Classroom
Authors: Alexander V. Neethi
Published: May 2022

This teaching note presents some reflections on some ways in which student-teacher interactions occurred via. online education during the COVID-19 pandemic. It documents the specific experiences of teaching undergraduate students of a private university in India. It was found that owing to poor internet connectivity, written assignments, while not entirely effective, served as one of the few means with which to establish communciation with the students and confirm learning outcomes.
Comportamiento tributario de microempresas en Ecuador
Authors: Barberan Nancy , Santillan Raul , Bastidas Tomas , Peña Miguel
Published: May 2022

La presente investigación tiene como finalidad desarrollar una revisión sobre la literatura del comportamiento tributario de las microempresas con la finalidad de establecer la medición de la actitud tributaria mediante las características de la tributación con la finalidad de obtener un índice de nivel de impuestos considerando las actividades económicas de estas. La revisión de investigaciones realizadas con la comparación de varios estudios, se identificó que la variable latente actitud tributaria comprende varios subconstructos tales como la complejidad de los impuestos, estructura, sanciones, justicia fiscal y estrés. A su vez existen ciertas causas que no permite el cumplimiento como son los problemas éticos, económicos, concentración de la riqueza y la elusión por lo tanto el Estado debe corregir las fallas del sistema impositivo, creando confianza en los contribuyentes.
Diferencia en las percepciones sobre las prácticas de gestión de personas entre mano de obra directa e indirecta. Estudio de caso de una cooperativa de MONDRAGON
Authors: Arregi Uzuriaga Aitziber , Gago Garcia Monica , Legarra Eizagirre Maite
Published: May 2022

El principal objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar, basándose en la teoría AMO, las diferencias en las percepciones de las personas trabajadoras de mano de obra directa e indirecta con respecto a las prácticas de gestión de personas implantadas en una cooperativa de MONDRAGON. La literatura académica ha prestado poca atención a cómo perciben las personas trabajadoras las prácticas de gestión de personas en las cooperativas teniendo en cuenta la variable del tipo de mano de obra (directa e indirecta). El análisis se ha realizado mediante un estudio de caso, combinando el enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que, en el seno de una misma cooperativa y en lo que a las prácticas de gestión de personas se refiere, existen diferencias significativas en las percepciones de las personas trabajadoras de mano de obra directa e indirecta. Ello se debe a las diferentes características, trabajos y/o tareas que desarrollan ambos colectivos, lo que se traduce en comportamientos y percepciones diferentes. El presente estudio pretende servir a las organizaciones, y sobre todo a los departamentos de gestión de personas de las mismas, como input de reflexión sobre cómo se aproximan a las personas trabajadoras y cómo tienen diseñados sus procesos de gestión de personas, animándolas a personalizar las mismas según el tipo de mano de obra.
A multiplicative approach to optimize the consumer properties of quick-frozen semifinished products from cultivated champignons
Authors: Nesterenko Nataliia , Belinska Svitlana , Motuzka Iuliia , Mardar Maryna , Bolila Nadiia , Slobodyanyuk Natalia , Ivaniuta Anastasiia , Menchynska Alina , Holembovska Nataliia , Israelian Valentyna
Published: May 2022

It is possible to maximise the consumer properties of grown fruit and vegetable products, significantly reduce their losses during the life cycle, and satisfy the public demand for products ready for consumption by using different preservation methods, particularly freezing. It has been found that the freezing of mushrooms without pretreatment does not provide a high-quality finished product. It justifies the expediency of mushroom pretreatment before freezing to stabilize their consumer properties. The inhibition effect of high temperatures on the oxidoreductase activity has been confirmed, ensuring the high preservation of cultivated champignons' natural color and consistency. A quasimetric assessment of the quality of quick-frozen cultivated mushrooms was performed, and the optimal heat treatment parameters were determined. Before freezing, blanched mushrooms' efficiency with polysaccharides has been scientifically proved. Rational concentrations and types of polysaccharides for mushroom processing have been determined. It has been established that blanching champignons in 0.1% citric acid solution followed by xanthan gum (0.2%), guar gum (0.1%), and lamidan (0.1%) processing ensure stability of consumer properties of quick-frozen semifinished products made of cultured champignons. After defrosting, they have an attractive appearance, natural light brown colour, elastic consistency, well-expressed mushroom flavour, and harmonious taste.
Анатомические особенности асиммиляционного апарата и гаусторий омелы белой Viscum album L. на растении-хозяине в контексте ее полупаразитического способа жизни
Authors: Yelpitiforov Yevgen , Vakulenko T.B.
Published: May 2022

В статье освещено анатомическое строение стеблей омелы, пути ее проникновения в растение-хозяина. Показано анатомические особенности строения листьев омелы, установлено наличие в них кристаллов друзов, установлено количество проводящих пучков. Показано отсутствие дифференциации паренхимы на столбчатую и губчатую. Отмечено что густории омелы также содержат хлорофилл. Показано дифференциацию гаусторий, их разветвления и способ проникновения в древесину. Показано образования складок на коре растения-хозяина, когда прорастают семена или гаустории омелы. Также исследовано стебель омелы, показано расположение проводящих пучков, а также образование защитных модификаций растения-хозяина при повреждении полупаразитом. Был осуществлен анализ на содержание хлорофиллов в Viscum album на разных растениях-хозяевах, и проведено количественное сравнение параметров листьев Viscum album на разных растениях-хозяевах.
A Modern Dewaxing Technology For Edible Oils Refining
Authors: VINTILA Iuliana
Published: May 2022

The modern dewaxing process using endogenous wax ester hydrolyses (wax desynthetase) activation in optimal reaction conditions provides an efficient, specific and targeted affinity destructuration process orientated towards the wax substrate in order to develop the depparafinage effect. The lipase W/O interfacial activation was studied in the lipolyse and interesterification process but the endogenous O/S dewaesterase activation was until now non-investigated.
The isoparaffins structures formation improves the dewaxing yield at 90.7% reported on the miscella crude oil with 270 ppm waxes content with an almost double-cold dewaxed oil stability.
The present modern dewaxing technology eliminates the low-efficiency cold/low temperature crystallisation and all the negative effects given by the solvent oil recovery from the kieselgur pomace, cooling agent producing and separation by filtration/centrifugation process.
Vienos neapgintos disertacijos pėdsakais – sumedėjusių augalų asortimento Lietuvos želdynams ir architektūrinės dendrologijos pradmenų aspektai.
Authors: Deveikis Steponas
Published: May 2022

Straipsnyje pristatomos ir nagrinėjamos dendrologo Leono Čibiro (1921–1992) mokslinės įžvalgos, teiktos jo publikacijose ir moksliniame pranešime biologijos moksliniam laipsniui gauti. Jo idėjos ir architektūrinės dendrologijos tradicijos plėtotė puikiai iliustruoja kraštovaizdžio architektūros ir želdynų formavimo raidą Lietuvoje. Straipsnyje akcentuojami kraštovaizdžio architektūros, kraštovaizdžio formavimo ir urbanistinio planavimo aspektai, plati dendrologo mokslinė ir metodinė veikla, kuri buvo ir išlieka reikšminga ir novatoriška tolesnei Lietuvos kraštovaizdžio architektūros raidai.
Job Creation and Job Destruction in Newly Established, Privatized, and State-Owned Enterprises in CIS countries
Authors: Khujanazarova Nargiza
Published: May 2022

The article describes newly created private firms are those that have been private since they were established, i.e. the enterprises, which were established after the transition process started. In the economic literature, they are also referred as de novo enterprises or firms. The paper reports new and unique firm level survey evidence to investigate the micro economic nature of the growth process and structural change in CIS countries. In particular, we investigate gross job creation and destruction in newly established private (de novo) firms and “traditional” ones, being state owned and privatized firms and find that the de novo private firms are the most dynamic ones in terms of job creation. As result of the research we find that state owned enterprises are not significantly different in their employment behavior from privatized firms, where mixed effects of competition on employment growth. Therefore, the result could be evidence that suggests efficiency wage payments are important for employment growth in couple of CIS countries.
Results of different methods of ankle arthrodesis in patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Lebedev A. A. , Soldatov Yu. Р.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Despite the large number of ankle arthrodesis operations performed, to date, no unified approaches to the algorithm for selecting surgical treatment tactics, orthopedic implants, and postoperative management of patients have been developed. The debate over the choice of surgical technique is still ongoing. Objective of the investigation — to carry out a comparative analysis of the treatment results of patients with posttraumatic osteoarthritis of the ankle joint depending on the performed arthrodesis technique. Material and methods. 90 patients aged 30-65 years (mean age 52+6.2 years) with posttraumatic cirrhosis of stages III-IV (according to Kellgren & Lawrence) were under observation. The outcome of surgical treatment was assessed using the AOFAS scale. Depending on the tactics of surgical treatment, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) arthrodesis was  performed using arthroscopic technique, open operations with the Ilizarov apparatus and locking rods (retrospective, 62 patients); 2) arthrodesis was performed using advanced techniques and devices (prospective, 28 patients). Results and Discussion. Complete bone ankylosis was detected in 88,9% of cases depending on the choice of surgical technique. The use of modern methods of treatment resulted in the high percentage of good results — 92,8%. According to the literature, the use of effective modern fixators and arthrodesis methods enables to achieve 93% of good clinical results. Our data are comparable to the scientific sources. The use of an arthrodesis pin was especially effective (100% positive results). Conclusion. Taking into account the wider spread of minimally invasive techniques, further study of long-term results of treatment in patients treated with these techniques is required.
Pelvic bone defects and possibilities of their replacement
Authors: Timofeev K. A.
Published: May 2022

In the work the review of actual literature sources concerning modern methods of treatment of osteochondral injuries was carried out, the features of anatomical and physiological structure of the talus, features of its blood supply were considered, etiological factors of formation of osteochondral injuries of the talus were presented, the high prevalence of ankle joint ligament apparatus injuries all over the world was noted. On the basis of the articles studied, topical problems of diagnostics and treatment of aseptic necrosis of the talus block and dissecting osteochondritis of the ankle joint were noted. The method of mosaic autochondroplasty of bone-cartilage graft is described, its differences from alternative methods with the use of allograft or juvenile cartilage graft are noted, and the features of all described methods are noted. Ceramic material based on lanthanum zirconate showing high osteointegrative properties is presented, which has been suggested for promising research in the field of osteochondral replacements.
Peculiarities of acetabulum morphology determining the technology of pelvic prosthesis component implantation
Authors: Ershov A. S. , Volokitina E. A. , Menshchikova I. A. , Udintseva M. Yu.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The most effective method of treatment of patients with severe forms of coxarthrosis is endoprosthetics, the success of which directly depends on the correctness of preoperative planning based on knowledge of the morphology of the acetabulum in normal and pathological conditions. The aim of the investigation was to reveal the morphological features of the acetabulum in osteoarthritis of the hip joint, determining the technology of implant bed preparation for the prosthesis cup. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 19 macerated pelvic preparations and 72 direct projection pelvic radiographs in 72 patients with stage III osteoarthritis of different etiology aged from 41 to 70 years (61.5 ± 1.4). Hyperplastic coxarthrosis was observed in 21 (29.2%), protrusion in 23 (31.9%), and dysplastic in 28 (38.9%) cases. Clinical, radiological, morphometric, and statistical methods of investigation were used. Methods of descriptive statistics were used. Results. The following data were obtained during morphometric studies: In hyperplastic coxarthrosis, the bottom thickness was 11.9±1.83 mm with an acetabular index (IVI) of 0.51±0.019; in protrusion coxarthrosis, the bottom thickness was significantly reduced and was 5.7 ± 0.93 mm, IVI of 0.66 ± 0.039; in dysplastic coxarthrosis, the bottom thickness was 14.5 ± 1.18 mm, IVI 0.42 ± 0.024 respectively. Discussion. Studies on acetabulum morphometry are being conducted worldwide; among residents of different countries, data on the depth of the acetabulum differ, the morphometric data obtained by us are relevant in terms of the variational anatomy of the population of the Ural region. The morphological features of acetabulum affect the technology of preparing the implant bed for the prosthesis cup, so the preoperative design of implantation is relevant. The proposed method of finding the center of rotation of the deformed acetabulum makes it possible to determine the required thickness of augments to compensate for bone defects in the area of the acetabulum floor and arch. Conclusions. The morphological features of the acetabulum in hyperplastic, dysplastic, and protrusion coxarthrosis determine the technology of implant bed preparation for a prosthetic cup.
Corrective osteotomies in the treatment of lower limb deformities in deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint
Authors: Ushakov S. A. , Bazhenov A. V. , Ovchinnikov P. A. , Bojar E. V.
Published: May 2022

The paper presents the medium-term results of the use of periarticular osteotomies of the tibia and femur in the treatment of deforming knee arthrosis (KA) against the background of lower limb deformities. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of osteotomy combined with one-stage endoscopic organ-sparing interventions in the treatment of gonarthrosis. The object of the study was 74 patients with deforming osteoarthritis (DOA) of KA II-III degrees. Selection criteria: changes in the load axis of the limb in the frontal and sagittal planes, degenerative changes of the joint predominantly in one department (medial, lateral), the presence of contracture not more than 10˚. The study group did not include patients with degenerative damage to two parts of the knee joint, pronounced patellofemoral arthrosis, and flexion contracture of more than 10°. Preoperative planning and selection were performed on the basis of clinical examination, radiography, MRI, and CT scan data. Surgical treatment was performed in one surgical session: when correcting a varus deformity, osteotomy was performed first, and arthroscopic intervention, including ligament plasty, was performed second; when correcting a valgus deformity with femoral osteotomy, primary KA arthroscopy followed by osteotomy was optimal. As a result of the treatment, excellent and good results were achieved in the majority of patients in the medium-term period.
A case of heterotopic ossification of the elbow joint
Authors: Gyulnazarova S. V.
Published: May 2022

Patients who have undergone severe elbow trauma often develop various complications. Heterotopic ossification is considered to be the most severe complication, which leads to severe impairment of upper limb function due to the formation of severe contractures and ankylosis in the elbow joint. The paper presents the results of surgical treatment of the elbow joint in a patient with «immature» ossification against the background of aged dislocation of the forearm, non-unionized fracture of the radial head, and stage II osteoarthritis. Analysis of the outpatient follow-up of the patient after injury revealed gross diagnostic and treatment errors. As a result of medical errors, inadequate treatment of injuries in the early stages after injury was prescribed, which contributed to the formation of heterotopic ossification and resulted in functional failure of the joint. During surgery, the ossification located in the ulnar fossa was removed via a small posterior access to the elbow joint, the remaining tissues of the joint were not affected, thorough hemostasis was performed, and a Volkov-Oganesian joint-distraction device was applied to provide a physiological range of motion in the elbow joint. Postoperative long-term rehabilitation ensured restoration of the elbow joint function with the patient's return to professional activities.
Shoulder surgery in the trauma department of a small city multidisciplinary hospital
Authors: Krylov V. A.
Published: May 2022

Issues of shoulder joint surgery, in particular, with recurrent instability and pathology of the rotator cuff, especially with its «irrecoverable» injuries, are currently of considerable practical interest to traumatologists and orthopedists. In this article, we will present our experience in treating patients with this pathology in the period 2020-2021. The results of treatment were assessed by the DASH-score scale, were evaluated at 6 and 12 months after the operations. Arthroscopic and open surgery of the shoulder joint are popular and effective methods of treating patients. The number of these interventions is steadily increasing. The problematic issue remains the ignorance of outpatient doctors, and the fact that arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder joint is a rather expensive method in terms of consumables, equipment, which is hardly covered by means of compulsory medical insurance.
Genesis and institutionalization of modern sport in northern Morocco under the Spanish Protectorate
Authors: HARFOUF SOULAIMAN
Published: May 2022

This article aims to describe the process of anchoring, institutionalization and diffusion of modern sport in northern Morocco, and in Tetouan in particular, the capital of the Spanish protectorate (1913-1956). By referring to works describing some of the sports and physical activities practised in schools during the protectorate period, and by relying on some issues of the Spanish press of the protectorate period, the paper shows that although the British are to be credited with the introduction of the game of football and its relative diffusion in some cities and towns of northern Morocco, its supervised practice is mainly the responsibility of the colonists and the Spanish military. These two precursors of football in Morocco during colonization organized and practised it for entertainment purposes, mainly for the benefit of the Moroccan Spaniards.   However, if the Europeans forbade Moroccans to take part in military gymnastics because it was considered dangerous, sport, which was considered a game and had no political charge, seemed less dangerous and, consequently, more accessible to the indigenous Muslims. The latter took advantage of this to appropriate a new culture while remaining totally absent from the management and decision-making structures.
THE REHABILITATION JOURNAL (TRJ)
Authors:   the rehabilitation journal, TARIQ HINA
Published: May 2022

On behalf of the entire editorial board, I am delighted to inform you that we are releasing a new multidisciplinary International Journal named ‘The Rehabilitation Journal’ (TRJ), which will be an open access, peer reviewed, and online journal. This journal will cover all topics related to medical rehabilitation including but not limited to musculoskeletal rehabilitation, neurological rehabilitation, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, sports rehabilitation, psychosocial rehabilitation, speech and language rehabilitation and community based rehabilitation etc. The primary aim of TRJ is to provide the readers with a platform to access high quality research associated with rehabilitation, which will not only deliver scientific basis to the clinicians for evidence-based practice but also promote rehabilitation research with the aim of improvising the existing research with new ideas and bridging the gaps. We intend to build up an international base of the journal and therefore encourage authors from all around the world to participate and make their work published in an International refereed journal. We ensure strict adherence to International guidelines of reviewing to maintain a high standard of an international journal. Every manuscript submitted to TRJ, which falls under the umbrella term of Rehabilitation, will go through a basic process of scrutinizing by the related associate editors, and then will be sent to experts in the relative field for a detailed review. Based on the comments and recommendations made by the reviewers, the final decision will be made by the managing editor. The most distinct feature of TRJ is continuous publication of articles online after acceptance without waiting for a sufficient number of articles for an issue. The review time will be regularly monitored by the editorial board to ensure faster publications avoiding any unnecessary delay. Other features include the provision of open access and online tracking of the status of manuscript. Open access research articles provide fast and efficient sharing of the findings across the globe. This also ensures high quality work to help influence rehabilitation practice in the shortest possible time to the broadest possible population of scientific researchers. Finally, I would like to pay my sincerest gratitude to entire editorial board for their continuous hard work behind launching of this journal. We hope that you will enjoy reading this new journal and contribute to make it an international platform for sharing good quality work in all fields of rehabilitation.
El derecho y sus normas
Authors: Pulido Ortiz Fabio Enrique
Published: May 2022

La teoría jurídica busca comprender la naturaleza del derecho explicando sus características fundamentales. Esta empresa teórica involucra una doble dificultad. Por un lado, la teoría del derecho gira en torno a una serie de problemas persistentes y sin respuestas definitivas. Por otro lado, los cambios en la realidad social son indudablemente más rápidos que la posibilidad de alcanzar respuestas filosóficas. Simplificando un poco, mientras la realidad social nos reta a adaptarnos a los cambios constantes, el desafío de la teoría del derecho es comprender lo que permanece más allá de las contingencias históricas, políticas y sociales.
SIMÓN CASTELLANO, P. y ABADÍAS SELMA, A. (Dirs.). Presos sin condena. Límites y abusos de la institución cautelar al albur de la reforma de la LECrim
Authors: María Victoria Álvarez Buján
Published: May 2022

*
Duygusal Emeğin İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisinde Örgütsel Bağlılığın Aracılık Rolü: Yiyecek İçecek İşletmeleri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: POLAT Mehmet
Published: May 2022

Özellikle hizmet sektöründe duygusal emeğin önemi büyüktür. Duygusal emeğin yoğun yaşandığı yiyecek içecek işletmelerinde bu durum işten ayrılma sorununu ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı duygusal emeğin işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinde örgütsel bağlılığın aracılık rolünü araştırmaktır. Araştırma 11.11.2021-10.01.2022 tarihleri arasında yiyecek içecek işletmelerinin 312 çalışanı üzerinde yapılmıştır. Önceki araştırmalardan farklı olarak değişkenlerin alt boyutları da analizlere dahil edilmiştir. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde SPSS ve Process v4.0 yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre duygusal emeğin yüzeysel ve samimi davranış boyutlarının işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinde örgütsel bağlılığın aracılık etkisi bulunmaktadır. Ancak duygusal emeğin derin davranış boyutunun işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinde örgütsel bağlılığın herhangi bir aracılık rolü tespit edilmemiştir. Araştırma sonuçları örgütsel bağlılığın yiyecek içecek işletmeleri için önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Duygusal emeğin yaratabileceği stres ve işten ayrılma sorunu için örgütsel bağlılık işletmeler açısından bir çözüm yolu olabilir.
KEARIFAN LOKAL DAN PENERAPANNYA DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Pingge Heronimus Delu
Published: May 2022

Local wisdom describes how to behave and act to respond to changes that are unique in thephysical and cultural environment of the local area. The local potential in each region inIndonesia is an asset of natural, human, technological, and cultural resources that must bemaintained and developed to improve a more civilized life. In general, school learning has beenpaying less attention to this local aspect, so that the younger generation slowly starts to leavethe noble values of the local area. The purpose of this article is to outline the form of instillinglocal wisdom through education or school.
Pengaruh Pengembangan Kurikulum Terhadap Prestasi Siswa
Authors: Chaerani Najwa Izzati Putri , Rosmana Primanita Sholihah , Iskandar Sofyan , Putri Dwi Octaviani , Rahman Mita Chairunnisa , Hasanah Ninda Washilatul
Published: May 2022

Pendidikan memiliki tujuan didalamnya, seperti yang tertera dalam UU No. 20 Tahun 2003 Pasal 3 bahwa salah satu tujuan pendidikan nasional ialah untuk mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan diperlukan alat yang dapat mengarahkan dan menjadi landasan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yaitu kurikulum. Kurikulum merupakan alat pembantu dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dapat menyokong terwujudnya tujuan pendidikan. Dengan begitu harus adanya penyesuaian terhadap kurikulum yang diterapkan. Kurikulum harus disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan peserta didik juga dengan capaian yang harus dipenuhi. Hal ini menyebabkan adanya perubahan atau pengembangan kurikulum secara berkala. Melihat adanya perubahan kurikulum secara berkala, menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah perubahan untuk pengembangan kurikulum tersebut memiliki pengaruh dalam prestasi belajar peserta didik. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengembangan kurikulum terhadap prestasi belajar peserta didik. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan metode literatur review atau studi kepustakaan dengan analisis deskriptif. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, penulis mendapatkan hasil bahwa pengembangan kurikulum disebagian sekolah dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik. Namun dilain pihak, pengembangan kurikulum ini hanya meningkatkan motivasi prestasi saja tanpa adanya peningkatan prestasi belajar peserta didik. Pengembangan kurikulum merupakan hal yang perlu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan evaluasian namun harus tetap berlandaskan tujuan pendidikan juga kebutuhan peserta didik.