bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidural blockade in thoracic surgery: a case report
Authors: Zhikharev Vasiliy A. , Bushuev A. S. , Larin V. F. , Koryachkin V. A.
Published: March 2021

This report presents a clinical case of the treatment of pain syndrome in isolated chest trauma following an accident of a patient with liver cirrhosis and hypocoagulation syndrome who sustained bilateral fracture of the ribs (II, III, IV, V, and VI ribs on the right and II, III, IV, V, and VI ribs on the left), fracture of the sternum body in the middle third, bilateral hemopneumothorax, and contusion of both lungs. From the initial hours, fentanyl, which was administered intravenously in a complex of multimodal analgesia, was used for anesthesia. However, adequate pain control was not achieved. Against the background of pain syndrome, the patient developed impaired consciousness and respiratory failure. Epidural puncture and catheterization with an epidural injection of ropivacaine were performed, which relieved the pain syndrome and helped prevent pulmonary complications. The present case highlights the need for an individual assessment of the riskbenefit ratio of the use of epidural catheterization in patients with coagulopathy.
Conclusion: The use of epidural analgesia for chest trauma in patients with moderate coagulopathy made it possible to initiate effective analgesia and reduce the risk of respiratory complications, which ultimately ensured a favorable outcome of severe trauma.
Surgeon-innovator and physician-humanist ahead of his time (to the 145th anniversary of the birth of academician A.V. Vishnevsky)
Authors: Morgoshiia Temuri S. , Syroezhin N. A.
Published: March 2021

The main scientific and practical activities of A.V. Vishnevsky took place in Kazan and Moscow. This paper presents little-known facts from the creative life of A.V. Vishnevsky, with a focus on his contribution to the development of local anesthesia and novocaine blockade in our country. Vishnevsky graduated from the Astrakhan gymnasium in 1894 and from the Kazan University in 1899. From 1899 to 1912, he was an assistant dissector at the departments of normal anatomy, topographic anatomy, and operative surgery of Kazan University. During the First World War, he mostly performed surgery to wounded individuals with gunshot injuries that involved peripheral nerves, producing neurolysis or suturing of the nerves. To treat brain abscesses, he used oil-balsamic drainage, which gave better results than other therapeutic methods. From 1914 to 1934, he managed first the hospital and then the faculty surgical clinics in Kazan. With the emerging problems in surgery, he paid much attention to neurosurgery, local analgesia, suppurative processes, nervous tropism, and gunshot wounds. His original theoretical works were devoted to neural trophy. His proposed methods of nerve block, in particular, pericardial novocainic and vago-sympathetic blockages, were widely accepted. As regards his contribution to the field of military surgery, he promoted proper surgical treatment of wounds, justified secondary treatment of wounds, and suggested methods to combat traumatic shock, secondary bleeding, etc. In 1947, A.V. Vishnevsky was appointed as the Director of the Institute of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in Moscow. He was the founder of the great national school of surgeons.
Screening of potential non-azole inhibitors of lanosterol14-alpha demethylase (CYP51) of Candida fungi
Authors: Kaluzhskiy L.A. , Ershov P.V. , Yablokov E.O. , Mezentsev Y.V. , Gnedenko O.V. , Shkel T.V. , Gilep A.A. , Usanov S.A. , Ivanov A.S.
Published: March 2021

Currently, opportunistic fungi of the genus Candida are the main causative agents of mycoses, which are especially severe upon condition of acquired immunodeficiency. The main target for the development of new antimycotics is the cytochrome P450 51 (CYP51) of the pathogenic fungus. Due to the widespread distribution of Candida strains resistancy to inhibitors of the azole class, the screening for CYP51 inhibitors both among non-azole compounds and among clinically used drugs repurposing as antimycotics is becoming urgent. To identify potential inhibitors from the non-azole group, an integrated approach was applied, including bioinformatics analysis, computer molecular modeling, and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. Using in silico modeling, the binding sites for acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, chlorpromazine and haloperidol (this compounds, according to the literature, showed antimycotic activity) were predicted in the active site of CYP51 of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The Kd values of molecular complexes of acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen and haloperidol with CYP51, determined by SPR analysis, ranged from 18 μM to 126 μM. It was also shown that structural derivatives of haloperidol, containing various substituents, could be positioned in the active site of CYP51 of Candida albicans with the possible formation of coordination bonds between the hydroxyl groups of the derivatives and the iron atom in the heme of CYP51. Thus, the potential basic structures of non-azole compounds have been proposed, which can be used for the design of new CYP51 inhibitors of Candida fungi.
COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK OF THE CAPILLARY TUBE
Authors: FREEGAH Basim , HUSSAİN Ammar A. , AL-OBAİDİ Ahmed Ramadhan
Published: March 2021

The main purpose of expansion devices is reduced the higher pressure of the working fluid from the
condenser pressure to the evaporator pressure. There are several kinds of expansion devices, one of these types is
capillary tube which is common utilized in small size refrigeration systems. In this work, the effect of the diameter of
capillary tube and mass flow rate of the refrigerant on the physical properties of the refrigerant within the capillary
tube have been conducted. Moreover, an artificial neural network (ANN) technique has been utilized in order to
clarify the possibility of applying this theory to the effect of such parameters on the results of the capillary tube. The
study has been shown that there is a very good agreement between experimental and numerical results. The diameter
and mass flow rate have impact on the length of the capillary tube, increase diameter leads to increase the capillary
tube length while increase mass flow rate leads to decrease the length. Furthermore, the results shown that ANN
technique can be employed to study the effect of such as parameters that considered in this on length of capillary
tube. So, it can be using latter technique with accuracy 95%.
ATTITUDES OF ADULT CONVICTED WOMEN TO EDUCATION IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Temiakova Dominika , Tomsik Robert
Published: March 2021

The study presents the attitudes of adult convicted women in a research sample of 186 respondents (29.5% of respondents from the basic sample) employing the questionnaire method. The research was carried out in 2017 and it was aimed to identify the most significant barriers that prevent convicted women from participating in prison training activities, how their attitudes and overall gross score relate to subjective perceptions of learning difficulty, and to identify the differences in gross attitude scores with respect to participation in discussions, lectures and quizzes. The convicts identified the lack of orientation in learning options and that the learning options do not reflect their needs and interest as the most significant barriers. Based on statistical analysis using Spearman's rho coefficient a statistically significant relationship was found between all attitude statements and subjective perception of learning difficulty (at the level of p <0.05 and p <0.01). The strongest correlation was found with the statements “I learn with ease” (rs = - 0.460), “I want to learn” (rs = -0.412), “I know how to learn"(rs = -0.432) and the total score (rs = -0.441). Based on the Mann-Whitey U test significant differences in the gross score of attitudes with respect to participation in all educational activities: discussions (U = 1505,500; p <0.001), lectures (U = 1846,500; p = 0.048), quizzes (U = 1654,000; p = 0.007) were found – respondents participating in educational activities achieved statistically more significant higher scores.
A New Emergency Situation Type and Issues of the Legal Regulation Arising in Course of Its Liquidation
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Saint-Petersburg University of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Vinokurov Vladimir A.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to a new type of emergency situations — the situation created as a result of the spread of a disease that poses a danger to others. The article considers the norms of Federal laws that regulate issues related to the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), analyzes the powers of the Federal Executive body authorized to solve problems in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergencies, and the chief state sanitary doctors who head the Federal Executive body responsible for organizing and implementing Federal state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, and its territorial bodies for the subjects of the Russian Federation. As a result of the analysis, proposals were formulated to amend the Federal laws “On the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies” and “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population”, allowing to establish restrictions on the rights and freedoms of individuals and organizations in accordance with the requirements established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as to provide compensation in return for the restrictions imposed
Review of a Case on Constitutional Changes of 2020 by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation: Substantive and Procedural Peculiarities
Authors:   Professor of the Kursk Academy of Public and Municipal Service, Leading Research Scientist of the Center for Study of Public Management and Financial Law Issues of the Southwest State University, LL.D., Professor, Brezhnev Oleg V.
Published: March 2021

For the first time in the history of Russian constitutional justice the Law of the Russian Federation on the amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2020 No. 1-FKZ “On improving the regulation of certain issues of the organization and functioning of public authorities” provided for as part of the mechanism for its entry into force a special authority of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation related to mandatory checking the new constitutional regulation for compliance provisions of chapters 1, 2 and 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The article reveals substantive and procedural features of this authority of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, concerning the subject and criteria for checking the legal provisions under consideration, the organizational form of constitutional proceedings used in this case, the legal force of the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, etc. Disclosed the relationship of this regulation and already formulated legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on certain aspects of the implementation of constitutional justice. In the prognostic plan, the need for more detailed legislative regulation of the procedure for exercising powers associated with mandatory constitutional control is shown.
Musa balbisiana and Musa paradisiaca Starches Increase SCFA and Caspase-3 as well as Decrease β-glucuronidase and MDA of Mouse Model for Colon Cancer
Authors: Afifah Diana Nur , Purnamasari Fauzia , Khusna Luthfiatul , Utami Noviasti Rahma , Nazillah Aida Fitri , Pratiwi Syafira Noor , Dieny Fillah Fithra , Candra Aryu , Rahadiyanti Ayu , Purwanti Rachma , Probosari Enny , Ardiaria Martha , Widiastiti Nyoman Suci , Sandra Ferry
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Administration of resistant starch (RS) influences the diversity and the composition of microbiota as well as inhibits the growth of cancer cell. Banana as a potential source of RS has been reported. Although Musa paradisiaca has been reported to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells, Musa balbisiana, which has low glycemic index and suitable for particular patients, has not been investigated yet.METHODS: Starches of M. balbisiana and M. paradisiaca were prepared and mixed with other components to make 3 types of mouse pellets. Mouse model for colon cancer was prepared and fed with different types of mouse pellets. Blood was collected and processed for measuring β-glucuronidase and malondialdehyde (MDA) with Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Resected ceca were incised to collect the inner part for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) measurement with gas chromatography analysis. Resected colas were fixed and processed for immunohistochemistry to detect Caspase-3.RESULTS: Colon-cancer-mice fed with the M. balbisiana and M. paradisiaca starches-contained pellets had significant higher concentrations of total SCFA (p=0.003), acetic acid (p=0.000), propionic acid (p=0.000) and butyric acid (p=0.000); lower concentration of β-glucuronidase (p<0.001); higher Caspase-3 score (p=0.040); and lower MDA concentration (p<0.001) than colon-cancer-mice fed with standard pellet (control).CONCLUSION: M. balbisiana and M. paradisiaca starches could be suggested as potential anti-colon cancer RS. Further research should be carried out to disclose the starches mechanisms in colon cancer cell.KEYWORDS: Musa balbisiana, Musa paradisiaca, colon cancer, resistant starch, Caspase-3, SCFA, β-glucuronidase, malondialdehyde
Comparison of VO2max Prediction of Submaximal Exercise Testing for Six Minute Arm Ergometer Test with Six Minute Walking Test in Untrained Healthy Young Adult Males
Authors: Hartawan Taufan , Andriati Andriati , Wardani Nurul Kusuma
Published: March 2021

Background: Six-minute walking test (6-MWT) is one of the submaximal exercise testing that is commonly used. The 6-MWT has limited use in the condition of individuals with limited limbs. Therefore, a six-minute arm ergometer test (6-MAT) submaximal exercise testing was developed. The presence of 6-MAT for assessing VO2max prediction is still relatively small.Aim: To compare the predicted VO2max of 6-MWT and 6-MAT, and to see if there are differences in each predicted VO2max value.Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling, involving 31 untrained healthy young adult males, aged 26-40 years old. Each subject underwent two exercise testing 6-MWT and 6-MAT, which were carried out on different days with a minimum washout period of 24 hours. VO2max prediction value was evaluated for each exercise testing on each subject.Results: There are significant differences between the predicted VO2max values of 6-MWT and 6- MAT (p = 0.00). The mean VO2max prediction values of 6-MAT is higher than 6-MWT with 2288.43 mL.min-1 and 1573.72 mL.min-1, respectively.Conclusion: The 6-MAT could be used for assessing VO2max prediction of individuals, although, there is a difference value between the predicted VO2max of the 6-MWT and 6-MAT submaximal exercise testing, with the VO2max value of the 6-MAT higher than the 6-MWT submaximal exercise testing.
Profile of Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index in Patient with Knee Osteoarthritis in Surabaya
Authors: Rosita Primadita Esther , Kurniawati Patricia Maria , Utomo Dwikora Novembri
Published: March 2021

Background: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease which attacks all the joint parts, including articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligament, meniscus, capsule, synovium, and periarticular tissue. Among various joints in human body, knee joint is the most affected by osteoarthritis. There are several established risk factors for knee osteoarthritis, including age, female gender, and obesity.Aim: This study aimed to describe age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) profile in knee osteoarthritis patients.Material and methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study with total sampling of 292 medical records of patient with knee osteoarthritis from Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya.Results: Of all the data, there were 130 medical records included in this study. The majority characteristic of the subjects were older than 60 years old (54.6%), 98 (75.4%) were females and 32 (24.6%) were males. The highest male-female ratio was on 45-59 years old (1:4). Most patients were obese (58.5%) with the highest percentage was on 45-59 years old (51.3%).Conclusion: The majority of osteoarthritis patients in Universitas Airlangga Hospital Surabaya were elderly, females, and obese people.
Long-Term Forecasting of World Economy
Authors: Lukashin Y. , Rakhlina L.
Published: March 2021

The paper considers contemporary approaches of long-term forecasting of world and national economics. Foreign practice is of especial interest of authors. Researches and results of PricewaterhouseCoopers and Goldman Sachs are exposed in details. Authors make the following conclusions: a production function model is used often to generate forecasts. The parameters of these models are postulated by experts in coincidence with their scenario of World development. Main indicators to forecast are GDP, GDP per capita and changes in country ranks. Authors consider GDP as not ideal indicator for the goal since it may be calculated by three methods. Besides, it has different structure and quality in different countries. Authors point to the need for estimation and comparison of quality of life. They suggest to take into account the revolutionary changing in technologies and to schedule the optimum and the most realistic path to improve the quality of life. Authors suggest that the most developed countries are entering a new era when robots will work more and more instead of people in industry, agriculture, and services. Many operations in control, management and data processing gain higher productivity due to endless progress in computer science. As a result authors foresee further shortening of the working week. On their opinion this is the way which leads to real success in struggle against unemployment. ICT technologies enable many employees to work now at home. Growing of spare time leads to new pattern of life, new possibilities of education, new types of creative work, new possibilities of communication, additional possibilities for health care, high level of life quality. So far, comparison of national economy development on the basis of measuring GDP seems to become obsolete and irrelevant to current social and economic conditions. Now we can expect to see negative rates of GDP growth and augmentation of life quality. Thus, to construct the countries’ ranks in world competition correctly it is of great importance to take into account the social factors and the role of innovation technologies in world economic development.
Renewable Energy in the EU: Revision of Priorities
Authors: Kaveshnikov N.
Published: March 2021

The article analyses the EU policies of promoting renewable energy sources (RES), including the role of state subsidizing and the change of EU policy in 2013. First EU actions in this area were implemented in late 1990s. In mid 2000s the European Commission developed integrated approach of the encouragement of renewables. Promotion of RES was integrated with other areas of the EU energy policies in the framework of the Climate and Energy Package in 2007. The paper evaluates EU achievements and development of particular types of RES in the EU in 2000s. A comprehensive comparative analysis of the cost of different types of RES and the use of incentive measures in the European Union and EU member states is carried out. The conclusion is made that despite the impressive technological progress the renewable energy, with rare exception, is still uncompetitive with the traditional sources of energy in terms of costs. A large-scale state support was the reason for the rapid development of renewables in the EU. Article investigates distorting effects of RES subsidies on the market price of electricity. Feed-in tariffs, investment grants, quotas and tax benefits were the most widespread forms of direct and indirect RES subsidies in the EU. During the economic crisis, these subsidies have become a heavy burden for the budgets of the EU countries and population. Now the EU is modifying its strategy on RES in order to reduce the volume of subsidies. In 2013 European Council substantially changed the priorities of the EU energy policies: instead of «sustainable energy» it accentuated the need to provide a “competitive energy”. Strategic decision to reform the existing methods of RES subsidizing and to develop an «economically reasonable» support scheme was made. The reduction of subsidies will inevitably lead to a sharp reduction in the rate of growth of renewables and the failure to achieve previously agreed EU targets.
Spain: Post-Crisis Development Model
Authors: Yakovlev P.
Published: March 2021

November 20, 2015 marked 40 years since the demise of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco. With his passing Spain entered into an era of tremendous economic and socio-political changes. At the stage of democratic development Spanish nation achieved three key objectives: it built an open and modern economy; in political sphere a relatively effective de facto two-party system was created; social protection was provided to the bulk of the population. All this strengthened Spain’s international positions and provided it an attractive image. The country attracted millions of immigrants. The world crisis of 2008–2009 stopped the growth of the Spanish economy. Spain was in crisis long six years and only recently began to come out of it basing on a new development model (a “rebound” model). By a number of parameters it is different from the pre-crisis paradigm of the growth. The crisis had serious impact on Spain’s foreign relations. In particular, serious reputational losses challenged Madrid’s efforts to counter the crisis, to reduce the negative effects of external shocks on the international scene and to find opportunities to give additional impetus to the development of the country. These challenges defined new foreign policy agenda: protecting financial and economic interests of Spain abroad, strengthening the positions of the Spanish companies in world markets, coordination of anti-crisis actions with partners in the European Union. Madrid stands for a sort of integration core within the EU, consisting of six founding countries of the European Economic Community (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands and France), as well as Spain and Poland. This projected grouping is intended to serve as the vanguard of the movement in the direction of making the EU more effective.
The Perception of Russia in Europe in Context of Ukrainian Crisis
Authors: Lapina N.
Published: March 2021

This article deals with the impact of various factors on the perception of Russia in different European countries. The focus is on the role of mass media, expert and political elites in forming of Russia's image, especially in the context of Ukrainian crisis. In this article, the reaction of different European counties to events in Ukraine, the polarization of European space is analyzed: some countries prefer to put a pressure on the Russian Federation, other – to find a way out of the critical situation and reach a compromise. Some political establishment representatives in France, Germany, Czech Republic support Russia and the reunification with Crimea, dispute sanctions against Russia. For such politicians, this support results from anti-American views and independent foreign policy aspirations. Other representatives of the European elite demand tougher approach and more pressure on Russia by any means whatsoever (including military ones). European business-communities reveal great interest in solving issues related to sanctions. Many entrepreneurs in Europe (in particular major corporations in France, UK, Germany, Italy), who profit from long and fruitful cooperation with Russia, are against anti-Russian sanctions. In view of the Ukrainian crisis, Russia has to face and solve various important issues. How can Russia implement a modernization project after burning all traditional bridges to the West and western friends and partners? What is the right way for Russian foreign policy to support and defend Russian-speaking people all over the world? Which European political forces can provide support to Russia? How can civil society affect and influence cooperation between Russia and Europe?
The Evolution of Britain's Approach to Crisis in Ukraine and UK–Russia Relations
Authors: Andreeva T.
Published: March 2021

The article covers the role the Great Britain has played as a fourth independent political actor of international relations, along with the U.S., EU and NATO, in the political crisis in Ukraine from its very beginning (2014), and in finding quick and effective ways of solving it. The article also explores the worsening of the bilateral relationship between UK and Russia under the influence of the 2014–2015 Ukrainian crisis, in a wide context of antagonism between the U.S. and Russia. There are several factors introduced in the article which hampered the crisis from the start and which still can be used to improve the bilateral relations in the nearest future. The author scrutinizes the evolution of the Britain's stance on the Ukrainian upheaval at the beginning of 2014, the Crimea annexation/joining perceived as a violation of the international law, Russia's interference in the conflict in the Eastern territories of Ukraine, and the imposing of sever EU and U.S. sanctions against Russia. The article highlights the influence of the Ukrainian crisis on the strengthening of Anglo-American “special relations” and on the revival of the NATO strategic role as a tool to confront Russia not only in this conflict, but also on the world stage. The author tries to assess the scope of damage for the UK–Russia relationship made by the Ukrainian crisis and answer the questions: where has British participation in this crisis boosted the Great Britain's world standing, when can the UK–Russia relations become better again, and what can help improve the relationship between two countries?
Risks and Threats in Biosecurity Area: Problem Analysis and Search for Optimal Solutions in Contemporary Conditions
Authors: Zavriev S. , Kolesnikov A.
Published: March 2021

Current political climate is unfavorable for setting up broad international programs aimed at risk assessment and threat control in the field of biosecurity. At the same time, spread of emerging and re-emerging diseases, development of sophisticated antibiotic resistance mechanisms, grown threat of bioterrorism, and loss of disease control due to ecological damage and globalization dictate the urgent development of a national biosecurity program capable to address these risks and threats. Although Russian Federation is technologically and methodologically adept in the field of epidemiological and medical control of biological select agents, the expertise in latest technologies of treatment, prevention, and detection of potential biohazards is lagging. There is an urgent need for updating of state biosecurity programs, especially in the field of new vaccines and biologicals development for control and prevention of hazardous infections. Key elements of these programs include: well-justified list of priority targets and technologies; list of highest risk infectious agents to be addressed in development of countermeasures; identification of most efficient countermeasures for each agent of concern; selection of the most appropriate partnership model for scientific collaboration and formation of multidisciplinary teams, as well as for cooperation between science and biotech industry. The latter is particularly important for prompt conversion of scientific findings into solid technologies and prospective drug and vaccine candidates. By combining state funding and infrastructure with growing competence of Russian biotech and pharma industry, the likelihood of successful implementation of biosecurity programs will increase significantly. Strong aspects of Russian microbiological programs, such as development of anti-infective vaccines and bacteriophages, should be exploited in full. Despite current political turbulence, it is necessary to note that combined effort of various countries is required to protect the world population from risks of the globalization-fueled infectious diseases and bioterrorism threats emergence. Pathogens neglect borders and political issues, whereas poor coordination and collaboration at the international level can result in significant social and economic losses globally. Success in development and implementation of national biosecurity program in Russia based on the state-of-the-art scientific and technical achievements will help initiate a true international cooperation in biosafety/biosecurity area.
Biofilm Early Stages of Growth and Accumulation Theoretical Model
Authors: Carvalho José , Carrondo Manuel , Bonilla Luis
Published: March 2021

A theoretical model to translate the evolution over time, in early stages, of growth and accumulation of biofilm bacterial mass is introduced. The model implies the solution of a system of differential-difference master equations. The application of an algorithm like Miller´s tree term recurrence, already known for Bessel functions of first kind, allows an exact calculation of the solutions of such equations, for a wide range of parameters values and time. For biofilm model a five term recurrence is deduced and applied in a backwards computation. A suitable normalisation condition completes the reach of the solution.
Xylo-Oligosaccharides in Prevention of Hepatic Steatosis and Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Associating Taxonomic and Metabolomic Patterns in Fecal Microbiomes with Biclustering
Authors: Hintikka Jukka , Lensu Sanna , Mäkinen Elina , Karvinen Sira , Honkanen Marjaana , Linden Jere , Garrels Tim , Pekkala Satu , Lahti Leo
Published: March 2021

We have shown that prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) increased beneficial gut microbiota (GM) and prevented high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, but the mechanisms behind these effects are not clear. We studied whether XOS affects adipose tissue inflammation and insulin signaling, and whether the GM and fecal metabolome explain associated patterns. XOS was supplemented or not with high (HFD) or low (LFD) fat diet for 12-weeks in male Wistar rats (n = 10/group). Previously analyzed GM and fecal metabolites were biclustered to reduce data dimensionality and identify interpretable groups of co-occurring genera and metabolites. Based on our findings, biclustering provides a useful algorithmic method for capturing such joint signatures. On the HFD, XOS-supplemented rats showed lower number of adipose tissue crown-like structures, increased phosphorylation of AKT in liver and adipose tissue as well as lower expression of hepatic miRNAs. XOS-supplemented rats had more fecal glycine and less hypoxanthine, isovalerate, branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids. Several bacterial genera were associated with the metabolic signatures. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of XOS on hepatic steatosis involved decreased adipose tissue inflammation and likely improved insulin signaling, which were further associated with fecal metabolites and GM.
Proposition of a Novel Strategy for Creation of Entirely New Proteins
Authors: Ikehara Kenji
Published: March 2021

Proteins having a variety of functions play many essential roles in maintaining various life activities in organisms. Various methods, by which new protein functions can be artificially produced, have progressed rapidly upon development in recombinant DNA technology and effective screening techniques. However, the obtainable scope of the new functions has been restricted in a narrow range, because only functions of presently existing proteins can be used. On the other hand, it has been considered that it would be impossible to create an entirely new protein, which does not show any meaningful homology with any other amino acid sequences of previously existing proteins. The reason is because one amino acid sequence for a protein cannot be selected out from an extraordinary large amino acid sequence diversity as ~10130. As a matter of course, it is impossible to design an amino acid sequence of a protein in advance and a gene encoding the protein cannot be also formed through random process. Nevertheless, extant organisms have generated a variety of entirely new proteins in some way to make full use of them. This means that extant organisms have equipped a mechanism with which entirely new proteins can be produced under the present core life system composed of protein, tRNA (genetic code) and gene. In this article, first I introduce the mechanism, with which entirely new proteins are created in extant organisms, and further propose a novel strategy for application of the mechanism to protein engineering through creation of entirely new proteins, which could contribute to development of various industries.
Plants Specifically Modulate the Microbiome of Root-lesion Nematodes in the Rhizosphere, Affecting Their Fitness
Authors: Elhady Ahmed , Topalović Olivera , Heuer Holger
Published: March 2021

Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major constraint for agricultural production. They significantly impede crop yield. To complete their parasitism, they need to locate, disguise, and interact with plant signals exuded in the rhizosphere of the host plant. A specific subset of the soil microbiome can attach to the surface of nematodes in a specific manner. We hypothesized that host plants recruit species of microbes as helpers against attacking nematode species, and that these helpers differ among plant species. We investigated to what extend the attached microbial species are determined by plant species, their root exudates, and how these microbes affect nematodes. We conditioned the soil microbiome in the rhizosphere of different plant species, then employed culture-independent and culture-dependent methods to study the microbial attachment to the cuticle of the phytonematode Pratylenchus penetrans. Community fingerprints of nematode-attached fungi and bacteria showed that the plant species govern the microbiome associated with nematode cuticle. Bacteria isolated from the cuticle belonged to Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, and Firmicutes. The isolates Microbacterium sp. i.14, Lysobacter capsici i.17, and Alcaligenes sp. i.37 showed the highest attachment rates to the cuticle. The isolates Bacillus cereus i.24 and L. capsici i.17 significantly antagonized P. penetrans after attachment. Significantly more bacteria attached to P. penetrans in microbiome suspensions from bulk soil or oat rhizosphere compared to Ethiopian mustard rhizosphere. However, the latter caused a better suppression of the nematode. Conditioning the cuticle of P. penetrans with root exudates significantly decreased the number of Microbacterium sp. i.14 attaching to the cuticle, suggesting induced changes of the cuticle structure. These findings will lead to a more knowledge-driven exploitation of microbial antagonists of plant-parasitic nematodes for plant protection.
Implementation of Cognitive Digital Twins in Connected and Agile Supply Networks – an Operational model
Authors: Kalaboukas Kostas , Rožanec Jože , Košmerlj Aljaž , Kyritsis Dimitrios , Arampatzis Georgios
Published: March 2021

Supply chain agility and resilience are key factors for the success of manufacturing companies in their attempt to respond to dynamic changes. Circular economy, the need for optimized material flows, ad-hoc responses and personalization are some of the trends that require supply chains to become “cognitive”, i.e. able to predict trends and flexible enough in dynamic environments, ensuring optimized operational performance. Digital Twins (DTs) is a promising technology, and a lot of work is done on the factory level. In this paper, the concept of Cognitive Digital Twins (CDTs) and how they can be deployed in connected and agile supply chains is elaborated. The need for CDTs in the supply chain as well as the main CDT enablers and how they can be deployed under an operational model in agile networks is described. Emphasis is given on the modelling, cognition and governance aspects as well as on how a supply chain can be configured as a network of connected CDTs. Finally, a deployment methodology of the developed model into an example of a circular supply chain is proposed.
The Effectiveness of Whatsapp-Based Online Learning in Class Students IV SD Negeri Babakandesa
Authors: Mutaqin Ejen Jenal , Muslihah Neni Nadiroti , Hamdani Nizar Alam , Nurfalah Sifa
Published: March 2021

This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with teacher and grade IV student research subjects. The data collection techniques used are questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of research conducted the effectiveness of online learning based on whatsapp is seen from 4 aspects with the results of presentase calculations showing that the quality of learning (39%) with weak criteria, learning level (38%) with weak, intensive criteria (48%) with sufficient criteria and time (58%) with sufficient criteria. Overall whatsapp-based online learning conducted in Babakandesa State Elementary School is considered less effective. Seen from the many problems that occur in the online learning process, including the limitations of internet quota, less stable internet network and difficulty in understanding the material provided by teachers through whatsapp application.
Semiotic Review of Verbal Literature of Riwok Kerinci
Authors: Suhaimi Nazurty
Published: March 2021

Riwok verbal literature is a customary speech text delivered at the ceremonial feast of Sko. This study aims to interpret the expressions contained in the Riwok text through Semiotic Review. This study is a qualitative study using semiotic approach. Semiotic approach used to assess the meaning of the phrase in the text of verbal literature Riwok is based on semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce, namely the triangular theory of meaning or meaning triangle which consists of three main elements, namely the sign, object, and interpretant. Signs, according to Peirce, consists of symbol (signs created from agreement), Icon (sign created from physical representation) and Index (sign created from cause-effect relationships). The results of the study found that in in the expression of Riwok text there are icon, index, and symbol signs. The signs were found in all Riwok texts. Based on the analysis of Riwok text, semiotic signs most commonly found is a sign of symbol. Symbols are found in the phrase which states the requirements for being an indigenous leader, a phrase which states the behavior of leaders, the phrase which states the roles, duties, and functions of traditional leaders, as well as the phrase stating customary sanctions.
ANALISA KUAT TEKAN BATA MERAH PEJAL TERHADAP POSISI PEMBAKARAN DI DALAM TUNGKU KONVENSIONAL
Authors: Ahmad Irza , Budyany Herny
Published: March 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kekuatan kekuatan batu bata tanah liat terhadap posisi terbakar pada kotak api. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Struktur, Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Indonesia. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimen dengan tiga jenis pengobatan. Mereka adalah: kelompok pertama adalah posisi di atas kotak api, kelompok kedua adalah posisi di tengah-tengah kotak api, dan kelompok ketiga adalah bagian bawah kotak api. Jumlah semua batu bata yang diuji adalah 75 buah, masing-masing kelompok mendapat 20 batu bata tanah liat, untuk menguji kekuatan kekuatan dengan Crushing Test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kekuatan kekuatan batako pada posisi atas kotak api adalah 7,48 Mpa, pada posisi tengah kotak api adalah 12,54 Mpa, dan dasar api kotak adalah 15,65 Mpa. Pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan AnalisisVarian (ANAVA) satu arah dengan hipotesis Ho: Î¼A = Î¼B = Î¼C dan H1: Î¼A â‰  Î¼B â‰  Î¼C. Dan penelitian lain menggunakan Uji Kesamaan Dua Rata-rata dengan hipotesis Ho: Î¼ = Î¼o dan H1: Î¼> Î¼o. Dari hipotesis pertama diterima Fhitung = 64,35> Ftabel = 4,998; Jadi hipotesis adalah perbedaan kekuatan kekuatan batu bata tanah liat yang signifikan terhadap pembakaran pos pada api kotak. Hipotesis kedua menerima thitung = 5,27> ttabel = 2,54; Sehingga hipotesis adalah kekuatan kekuatan batako tanah liat yang optimal lebih tinggi dari kekuatan kekuatan batako (SNI 15-2094-2000).
KUALITAS PELAYANAN DI JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL FT.UNJ DARI SUDUT PANDANG MAHASISWA SEBAGAI PELANGGAN
Authors: Widiasanti Irika
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan upaya perbaikan kualitas manajemen di Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Jakarta (JTS-FT-UNJ). Secara khusus mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan dan hubungannya dengan kepuasan layanan dari sudut pandang mahasiswa sebagai pelanggan.Penelitian dilaksanakan pada periode Agustus sampai Oktober 2004. Penjaringan data pada periode 01 â€“ 15 Oktober 2004 dengan sampel 95 dari 607 mahasiswa dan diambil secara acak melalui metode survey dengan instrumen yang dibuat berdasarkan teori yang berhubungan dengan maksud penelitian. Untuk menjabarkan data sehingga dapat di informasikan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan analisis faktor, sedangkan metode korelasi dilakukan untuk menguji hipotesis yang menyatakan kekuatan hubungan antar variabel.Pada taraf signifikasi 0,05, pengujian kelayakan data menggunakan Bartlett Test of Sphercity memberikan 816,420 dan Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin of Sampling Adequacy sebesar 0,747. Pengujian keandalan alat ukur dengan skala alpha memberikan 0,8420 berarti memuaskan. Penilaian responden dengan analisis faktor terhadap kualitas layanan memberikan sembilan faktor dengan hanya enam faktor yang nilai alpha > 0,5 yaitu faktor kemampuan-nyata fasilitas (F1), jaminan pengetahuan (F2), kualitas laboratorium (F5), jaminan ketrampilan (F6), empati dalam berkomunikasi (F7), dan keandalan waktu penyelesaian studi (F9). Dengan hubungan; Y = 0,493 F1 + 0,448 F2 + 9,147 10-2 F5 + 0,146 F6 +0,124 F7 + 0,185 F9 - 4 .555 10-16. Kekuatan hubungan 0,724 dengan 49,1% variasinya
STUDI FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPERLAMBAT WAKTU PENYELESAIAN PROYEK
Authors: S Budiarto , Suryasumirat Dadang Suyadi , Bachtiar Gina
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi keterlambatan suatuproyek. Penelitian dilakukan di Hotel Maharani di Jakarta. Penelitian itudilakukan antara Januari dan Juni 2002Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pertanyaan haire sebagaiinstrumen. Jumlah sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah responden yangdiambil secara acak.Data yang diperoleh dari responden dianalisis menggunakan statistik sederhana dalam formulirtabel Frekuensi dan persentase.Berdasarkan penelitian, temuan menunjukkan bahwa ada banyak faktor yang mempengaruhiketerlambatan proyek, mereka adalah: (1) alat dan bahan, ada 63,33% dariresponden setuju dan 35,67% responden setuju dengan pernyataan itumenunjukkan alat dan bahan mempengaruhi keterlambatan proyek. (2) sumber daya manusia,ada 66,82% responden setuju dan 33,17% responden tidak setujudengan pernyataan yang menunjukkan sumber daya manusia mempengaruhi keterlambatan proyek.(3) dana ada 72,33% responden setuju dan 27,67% respondentidak setuju dengan pernyataan yang menunjukkan dana mempengaruhi keterlambatan proyek (4)alam., ada 59,5% responden setuju dan 40,5% respondentidak setuju dengan pernyataan yang menunjukkan sifat mempengaruhi keterlambatan proyek
PENGARUH DEFORMASI BERTAHAP ROLLING TERHADAP KEKERASAN BAJA TAHAN KARAT AUSTENITIK 304 UNTUK KEPERLUAN KONSTRUKSI
Authors: S Juwarin , Aritonang M.O.S , Suyadi Dadang
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data secara empirik tentangpengaruh deformasi bertahap rolling terhadap nilai kekerasan baja tahankarat Austenitik 304 untuk keperluan konstruksi.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental.Kelompok eksperimen adalah 3 perlakuan, yakni: deformasi rolling 12%,25% dan 50%.Instrumen penelitian adalah mesin uji kekerasan Brinell, mesinrolling untuk proses deformasi dan mikroskop elektron untuk pengujianmetalografi.Uji persyaratan analisis yang digunakan adalah uji Chi Kuadratuntuk data normalitas dan homogenitas. Pengujian metalografi menunjukkanadanya perbedaan yang spesifik antara struktur logam pada masing-masingspesimen yang mengalami deformasi rolling setelah pengujian kekerasanbahan.Hasil penelitian adalah terdapat pengaruh deformasi bertahap rollingterhadap nilai kekerasan bahan bagi keperluan konstruksi.
PEMANFAATAN SERAT BAMBU PADA PEMBUATAN PANEL SERAT SEMEN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF DINDING PENYEKAT RUANGAN
Authors: Handayani Wahyuning , Bachtiar Gina , Nasution Nira
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui panel semen fiber aflexibelity memanfaatkan serat dari bambu. Sebagai dinding alternatif ruangan dengan campuran I kg Semen Portland komposit (PCC): 0,5 kg air: 2% CaCl2 (kalsium klorida). Lakukan apa bahannya 3%, 5% dan 7% serat bambu. Uji fleksibilitas dengan Mesin Fleksibilitas (UTM INSTRON). Penelitian tentang metode yang digunakan adalah metode percobaan untuk mengikuti SNI 15-0233-1989 (Tentang Kualitas dan Metode Uji Fleksibilitas Serat Semen). Untuk melakukan melaksanakan penelitian ini di bengkel kayu. Fakultas KehutananInstitut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) dan laboratorium penelitian non logam pusat materi dan Departemen Perindustrian DKI di Letjen SupraptoCempaka Putih Jakarta Pusat. Untuk uji tahan air dan serat semen berat panel. Di laboratorium kayu Fakultas Kehutanan (IPB) menggunakan 3 Laboratoriumadalah laboratorium Bio Composite untuk pembuatan laboratorium kayu solid untuk mengukur dan teknik laboratorium kayu untuk uji fleksibilitas, waktu untuk melakukan hal ini penelitian pada April 2009 - Juni 2009. Produk penelitian adalah apa fleksibilitas yang berbeda dalam pencampuran serat yang berbeda. Skor terbesar fleksibilitas dari carry. Digunakan campuran 5% tetapi skorminimum fleksibilitas tidak lebih dari dari nilai kelenturan kelas standar serat semen minimum.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENGGUNAAN STUKTUR RANGKA BETON DAN STRUKTUR RANGKA BAJA
Authors: Tyas Wulan Tisahyuning , Aritonang M.O.S , Hadi Winoto
Published: March 2021

Mempertimbangkan keputusan konsultan rencana struktur seperti apa strukturnyamereka menggunakan berbeda tergantung pada keahlian dan pengalaman mereka. Kebaikan dankeburukan pekerjaan kerangka beton dan baja menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi merekakeputusan.Metode yang mereka gunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi strukturkonsultan rencana untuk memutuskan jenis kerangka kerja apa yang akan mereka gunakan, temukan dalam tigalangkah-langkah, pertama dengan wawancara dengan responden, kedua dengan studi literatur,dan ketiga dengan menyebarkan kuesioner.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 63,45% responden mengatakan bahwa sepuluh variabelyang melayani dalam penelitian ini mempengaruhi mereka untuk memutuskan jenis kerangka kerja apamereka akan menggunakannya. 51,05% responden mengatakan beton lebih sesuaipada sepuluh variabel yang melayani dalam penelitian ini dan 58,36% respondenmemilih yang lebih baik untuk menggunakan dasar beton pada sepuluh variabel yang melayani dalam hal inipenelitian.