bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-analysis of ventilator-free days (VFD) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) studies
Authors: Verghis Rejina Mariam , McDowell Cliona , Blackwood Bronagh , Lee Bohee , McAuley Daniel F. , Clarke Mike
Published: March 2023

Background

Over recent decades, improvements in healthcare have reduced mortality and morbidity rates in many conditions. This has resulted, in part, from the identification of effective interventions in randomised trials, and in conducting such trials, a composite outcome measure (COM) with multiple components will increase event rates, which allows study completion with a smaller sample size. In critical care research, the COM “ventilator-free days” (VFD) combines mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) into a single continuous measure, which can be analysed in a variety of ways. This study investigates the usefulness of Poisson and two-part Poisson models compared to t-distribution for the analysis of VFD.

Methods

Data from four studies (ALbuterol for the Treatment of ALI (ALTA), Early vs. Delayed Enteral Nutrition (EDEN), Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibition with simvastatin in Acute Lung Injury (ALI) to reduce pulmonary dysfunction (HARP-2), Statins for Acutely Injured Lungs from Sepsis (SAILS)) were used for analysis, with the VFD results summarised using mean, standard deviation (SD), median, interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles) and minimum and maximum values. The statistical analyses that are compared used the t-test, Poisson, zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) and two-part Logit-Poisson hurdle models. The analyses were exploratory in nature, and the significance level for differences in the estimates was set to 0.05.

Results

In HARP-2, which compared simvastatin and placebo, the mean (SD) VFD for all patients was 12.0 (10.2), but this mean value did not represent the data distribution as it falls in a zone between two peaks, with the lowest frequency of occurrence. The mean (SD) VFD after excluding patients who died before day 28 and patients who did not achieve unassisted breathing were 15.9 (8.7) and 18.2 (6.6), respectively. The mean difference (95% CI) between the two groups was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.7 to 2.8; p = 0.20) based on an independent t-test. However, when the two-part hurdle model was used, the simvastatin arm had a significantly higher number of non-zero values compared to the placebo group, which indicated that more patients were alive and free of mechanical ventilation in the simvastatin group. Similarly, in ALTA, this model found that significantly more patients were alive and free of MV in the control group. In EDEN and SAILS, there was no significant difference between the control and intervention groups.

Conclusion

Our analyses show that the t-test and Poisson model are not appropriate for bi-modal data (such as VFD) where there is a large number of zero events. The two-part hurdle model was the most promising approach. There is a need for future research to investigate other analysis techniques, such as two-part quantile regression and to determine the impact on sample size requirements for comparative effectiveness trials.
SMPD1 expression profile and mutation landscape help decipher genotype–phenotype association and precision diagnosis for acid sphingomyelinase deficiency
Authors: Wang Ruisong , Qin Ziyi , Huang Long , Luo Huiling , Peng Han , Zhou Xinyu , Zhao Zhixiang , Liu Mingyao , Yang Pinhong , Shi Tieliu
Published: March 2023

Background

Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) disorder, also known as Niemann–Pick disease (NPD) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in SMPD1 gene, which encodes sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (ASM). Except for liver and spleen enlargement and lung disease, two subtypes (Type A and B) of NDP have different onset times, survival times, ASM activities, and neurological abnormalities. To comprehensively explore NPD’s genotype-phenotype association and pathophysiological characteristics, we collected 144 NPD cases with strict quality control through literature mining.

Results

The difference in ASM activity can differentiate NPD type A from other subtypes, with the ratio of ASM activity to the reference values being lower in type A (threshold 0.045 (4.45%)). Severe variations, such as deletion and insertion, can cause complete loss of ASM function, leading to type A, whereas relatively mild missense mutations generally result in type B. Among reported mutations, the p.Arg3AlafsX76 mutation is highly prevalent in the Chinese population, and the p.R608del mutation is common in Mediterranean countries. The expression profiles of SMPD1 from GTEx and single-cell RNA sequencing data of multiple fetal tissues showed that high expressions of SMPD1 can be observed in the liver, spleen, and brain tissues of adults and hepatoblasts, hematopoietic stem cells, STC2_TLX1-positive cells, mesothelial cells of the spleen, vascular endothelial cells of the cerebellum and the cerebrum of fetuses, indicating that SMPD1 dysfunction is highly likely to have a significant effect on the function of those cell types during development and the clinicians need pay attention to these organs or tissues as well during diagnosis. In addition, we also predicted 21 new pathogenic mutations in the SMPD1 gene that potentially cause the NPD, signifying that more rare cases will be detected with those mutations in SMPD1. Finally, we also analysed the function of the NPD type A cells following the extracellular milieu.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to elucidate the effects of SMPD1 mutation on cell types and at the tissue level, which provides new insights into the genotype-phenotype association and can help in the precise diagnosis of NPD.
A retrospective epidemiological study of the World Health Organization (WHO)-classified primary brain and other Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors from a tertiary health care center in Northeast India
Authors: Barua Navanil , Borah Nabajyoti , Haque Inamul , Borah Adityendra Lal , Saikia Birinchi Kumar , Barman Ananya , Ahmed Shabnam Akhtar
Published: March 2023

Background

Brain and other central nervous systems (CNS) tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that are prevalent in all age groups and gender. The study aimed to investigate the pattern of distribution of World Health Organization (WHO) classified primary brain and other CNS tumors among different age groups and gender at a tertiary care center in Northeast India. This is the first study of CNS tumors from this region of the country. The data obtained can be useful for correct diagnosis, timely treatment, and management of CNS tumors in this area. It can also provide relevant information concerning research and funding for this disease. Data collection was done retrospectively from January 1996 to March 2022. Distribution frequency as per age, gender, histopathology type, and tumor location was estimated. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software.

Results

A total of 1441 primary brain and other CNS tumors were examined in the study. There were 232 pediatric cases (16.1%) and 1209 adult cases (83.9%). The ratio of males to females was 1.4. The majority of the cases in the overall cohort were meningiomas (n = 346; 24%). Among the pediatric cohort, the maximum occurrence of gliomas, glioneuronal, and neuronal tumors (n = 68; 29.3%) was seen while meningiomas (n = 336; 27.8%) showed the highest prevalence in the adult cohort. There were 248 other distinct cases of CNS (17.2%) of which 62 (26.7%) were identified within the pediatric cohort and the remaining 186 (15.4%) were detected among the adult population. Most of the tumor sites was supratentorial areas (n = 759; 52.7%) with the next being spinal cord (n = 258; 18%).

Conclusion

This is the first study from Northeast India that highlights the prevalence of WHO-classified CNS tumors. With newer and advanced health care and diagnostic facilities, there is an increased incidence of CNS tumors in developing countries. Our study may help in understanding the epidemiological aspects and highlight the need for research, funding, and maintenance of a hospital-based tumor registry for this particular ailment.
Surgical and laser treatment for juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma in an oncological patient: a rare case report
Authors: Abreu Juliano Pacheco , Tholt Beatriz , Molena Kelly Fernanda , Pretel Hermes , Veiga Eugenia Velludo
Published: March 2023

Background

Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma is a rare variant of conventional ossifying fibroma that affects the maxillofacial complex in children and adolescents. It is a benign fibro-osseous neoplasm with aggressive clinical behavior and high recurrence rates, confirming the importance of early diagnosis and intervention to minimize undesirable aesthetic and functional possibilities resulting from surgical management, and added to the use of laser therapy, it can bring a better postoperative prognosis.

Aim

To present the surgical removal of a juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma, with the associated use of low-intensity laser and photodynamic therapy in a oncological patient.

Case presentation

This case describes a senile cancer patient diagnosed with rapidly progressive and painful juvenile ossifying fibroma involving the inter-radicular region of the right maxilla. The treatment was excision with total tumor resection, photodynamic therapy and low-intensity laser follow-up of 48 months.

Conclusions

Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma is a lesion with a high rate of recurrence and aggressive growth. Thus, early detection and treatment are essential. In this case, the use of photodynamic therapy after surgery and long-term follow-up with low-intensity laser brought a favorable prognosis in an oncology patient.
Socioeconomic status and psychiatric comorbidity associated with suicidal behavior among a sample of Egyptian patients who attended Tanta University emergency hospital for suicide-related problems
Authors: El-kholy Hend Mostafa , Mubarak Ahmed Abd E L-Rahman , Elheniedy Mohamed A. , AL-Deeb Fatma Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Background

Many studies found association between psychosocial factors and suicidal behavior; this association differs from one community to another, and this difference could affect the risk assessment and the management of suicidal behavior. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of socioeconomic, cultural, and psychosocial profile including psychiatric comorbidity on individuals with suicidal behavior who attended Tanta University emergency hospital.

Results

Family troubles were the commonest cause of suicidal behavior (28%), and drug overdose was the commonest method of attempt (38%). Positive correlation is between age and score of Beck scale for suicidal ideation (p = 0.000) which indicates that suicidal ideation increases with age. Significant association is between psychiatric comorbidity and Beck’s scale for suicidal ideation (p = 0.019), with size of association (η = 0.58).

Regression analysis showed that older age, female sex, illiterates, widows, cases with psychiatric illness, and low socioeconomic status when act altogether are the significant predictor of suicidal ideation of our studied sample.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that studying psychosocial factors in individuals who came to emergency hospital of Tanta University could be a reflection of the community visiting this hospital asking for medical emergency service; the comprehensive and multifactorial assessment we have been adopted in this work could help in better understanding of the suicidal risk factors in this community and consequently help in part in tailoring the clinical service for this sector of patient.
Realization of photonic p-orbital higher-order topological insulators
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Bongiovanni Domenico , Wang Ziteng , Wang Xiangdong , Xia Shiqi , Hu Zhichan , Song Daohong , Jukić Dario , Xu Jingjun , Morandotti Roberto , Buljan Hrvoje , Chen Zhigang
Published: March 2023

The orbital degrees of freedom play a pivotal role in understanding fundamental phenomena in solid-state materials as well as exotic quantum states of matter including orbital superfluidity and topological semimetals. Despite tremendous efforts in engineering synthetic cold-atom, as well as electronic and photonic lattices to explore orbital physics, thus far high orbitals in an important class of materials, namely, higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs), have not been realized. Here, we demonstrate $$p$$
p
-orbital corner states in a photonic HOTI, unveiling their underlying topological invariant, symmetry protection, and nonlinearity-induced dynamical rotation. In a Kagome-type HOTI, we find that the topological protection of $$p$$
p
-orbital corner states demands an orbital-hopping symmetry in addition to generalized chiral symmetry. Due to orbital hybridization, nontrivial topology of the $$p$$
p
-orbital HOTI is “hidden” if bulk polarization is used as the topological invariant, but well manifested by the generalized winding number. Our work opens a pathway for the exploration of intriguing orbital phenomena mediated by higher-band topology applicable to a broad spectrum of systems.
Multianalyte Serum Biomarker Panel for Early Detection of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Firpo Matthew A. , Boucher Kenneth M. , Bleicher Josh , Khanderao Gayatri D. , Rosati Alessandra , Poruk Katherine E. , Kamal Sama , Marzullo Liberato , De Marco Margot , Falco Antonia , Genovese Armando , Adler Jessica M. , De Laurenzi Vincenzo , Adler Douglas G. , Affolter Kajsa E. , Garrido-Laguna Ignacio , Scaife Courtney L. , Turco M. Caterina , Mulvihill Sean J.
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE

We determined whether a large, multianalyte panel of circulating biomarkers can improve detection of early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We defined a biologically relevant subspace of blood analytes on the basis of previous identification in premalignant lesions or early-stage PDAC and evaluated each in pilot studies. The 31 analytes that met minimum diagnostic accuracy were measured in serum of 837 subjects (461 healthy, 194 benign pancreatic disease, and 182 early-stage PDAC). We used machine learning to develop classification algorithms using the relationship between subjects on the basis of their changes across the predictors. Model performance was subsequently evaluated in an independent validation data set from 186 additional subjects.

RESULTS

A classification model was trained on 669 subjects (358 healthy, 159 benign, and 152 early-stage PDAC). Model evaluation on a hold-out test set of 168 subjects (103 healthy, 35 benign, and 30 early-stage PDAC) yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.920 for classification of PDAC from non-PDAC (benign and healthy controls) and an AUC of 0.944 for PDAC versus healthy controls. The algorithm was then validated in 146 subsequent cases presenting with pancreatic disease (73 benign pancreatic disease and 73 early- and late-stage PDAC cases) and 40 healthy control subjects. The validation set yielded an AUC of 0.919 for classification of PDAC from non-PDAC and an AUC of 0.925 for PDAC versus healthy controls.

CONCLUSION

Individually weak serum biomarkers can be combined into a strong classification algorithm to develop a blood test to identify patients who may benefit from further testing.
Israel Kirzner's Use of Narratives to Illuminate the Limitations of Neoclassical Economics and the Austrian Alternative
Authors: Casonato Lucas
Published: March 2023

This article investigates how Israel Kirzner approached mainstream economists with his view of the Austrian theory. It discusses the role of narrative elements in Kirzner's theory in his use of stories to illuminate ideas in entrepreneurship, the theory of the firm, and the knowledge problem. This article argues that the use of narrative made Kirzner's theory more open to dialogue without tying him to the scientific demarcation criteria used in mainstream economics. The scientific narratives in Kirzner's work allow him to (i) emphasize the logical order of economic phenomena, (ii) highlight causal mechanisms in economic theory, (iii) make some generalizations but without perfect predictions with economics, (iv) explore different scenarios from contingent events in the economy, and (v) illustrate economic ideas with fictional but plausible cases. The article concludes that these narrative aspects help Kirzner illuminate the limitations of neoclassical economics and offer an alternative perspective based on the entrepreneurial state of “alertness” from an Austrian point of view.
The Role of Narratives in Transferring Rational Choice Models into Political Science
Authors: Quack Alexandra , Herfeld Catherine
Published: March 2023

One striking observation in the history of rational choice models is that those models have not only been used in economics but been spread widely across the social and behavioral sciences. How do such model transfers proceed? By closely studying the early efforts to transfer such models by William Riker—a major protagonist in pushing the adoption of game-theoretic models in political science—this article examines the transfer process as one of “translation” by which abstract and mathematical rational choice models were constructed and modified such that they applied to a specific target system in a new domain. In this article, the argument is that to overcome a set of challenges that hampered the straightforward transfer of game-theoretic models into political science, Riker complemented theoretical and conceptual modifications of von Neumann and Morgenstern's game schemes with the use of narratives to turn them into applicable and testable models. As such, those narratives played a crucial role in enabling their transfer and ultimately facilitated the applicability of game-theoretic models in political science.
Flexible locomotion in complex environments: the influence of species, speed and sensory feedback on panarthropod inter-leg coordination
Authors: Nirody Jasmine A.
Published: March 2023

Panarthropods (a clade containing arthropods, tardigrades and onychophorans) can adeptly move across a wide range of challenging terrains and their ability to do so given their relatively simple nervous systems makes them compelling study organisms. Studies of forward walking on flat terrain excitingly point to key features in inter-leg coordination patterns that seem to be ‘universally’ shared across panarthropods. However, when movement through more complex, naturalistic terrain is considered, variability in coordination patterns – from the intra-individual to inter-species level – becomes more apparent. This variability is likely to be due to the interplay between sensory feedback and local pattern-generating activity, and depends crucially on species, walking speed and behavioral goal. Here, I gather data from the literature of panarthropod walking coordination on both flat ground and across more complex terrain. This Review aims to emphasize the value of: (1) designing experiments with an eye towards studying organisms in natural environments; (2) thoughtfully integrating results from various experimental techniques, such as neurophysiological and biomechanical studies; and (3) ensuring that data is collected and made available from a wider range of species for future comparative analyses.
Επιστήμη και φιλοσοφία στον Κύκλο της Βιέννης
Authors: Παπαδάτου Κωστούλα
Published: March 2023

Στην εργασία μου προσπάθησα να αναδείξω τη σχέση ανάμεσα στην επιστήμη και τη φιλοσοφία, όπως αυτή διαμορφώθηκε στα τέλη του 19ου αι. Εκείνη τη χρονική στιγμή, στις αρχές της δεκαετίας του 1920, μια φιλοσοφική ομάδα αποτελούμενη από φιλοσόφους, επιστήμονες και μαθηματικούς, η οποία είχε το όνομα Κύκλος της Βιέννης, ανακάλυψε ότι είχε κοινή προσέγγιση σε μια σειρά από προβλήματα της φιλοσοφίας. Όπως υποστήριζαν, το πρόβλημα της φιλοσοφίας είναι η θεμελίωση της γνώσης. Οι έρευνες τους περί της θεωρίας της γνώσης σκοπεύουν στο να αποσαφηνίσουν το γνωστικό περιεχόμενο των επιστημονικών προτάσεων, και κατ΄ αυτό τον τρόπο, και το νόημα των φιλοσοφικών όρων μέσω της μεθόδου της λογικής ανάλυσης.Το εμπειρικό κριτήριο του νοήματος διέκρινε τις μεταφυσικές από τις επιστημονικές προτάσεις. Μόνο οι επιστημονικές προτάσεις έχουν νόημα σύμφωνα με την αρχή της επαληθευσιμότητας. Όλες οι άλλες προτάσεις είναι χωρίς νόημα, είναι ψευδο-προτάσεις. Ανήκουν στη μεταφυσική. Οι Βιεννέζοι θετικιστές έλπιζαν ότι είχαν λύσει το πρόβλημα της γνώσης με το να εξαλείψουν τη μεταφυσική μέσω της λογικής ανάλυσης της γλώσσας. Οι προσεγγίσεις τους στα προβλήματα της φιλοσοφίας, το κριτήριο του νοήματος, η αρχή της επαληθευσιμότητας, η λογική ανάλυση της γλώσσας, η διάκριση ανάμεσα σε επιστημονικές και μεταφυσικές προτάσεις, υπέστησαν δριμεία κριτική. Η φιλοσοφική τους δραστηριότητα δεν κατάφερε να μας δώσει καθαρές προτάσεις. Δεν μπορεί να υπάρξει μία και μόνη μέθοδος στη φιλοσοφία. Η φιλοσοφία δεν θα μπορούσε να αντικατασταθεί από τη λογική της επιστήμης. Η φιλοσοφία δεν θα μπορούσε να είναι η γλώσσα της επιστήμης. Η θεμελίωση της γνώσης δεν είναι δυνατή.
Ποιότητα της αδελφικής σχέσης και προσαρμογή τυπικώς αναπτυσσόμενων παιδιών και εφήβων σε οικογένειες με και χωρίς παιδί/έφηβο με Διανοητική Αναπτυξιακή Διαταραχή
Authors: Μανωλοπούλου Χρυσή
Published: March 2023

Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να διερευνηθεί αφενός ο τρόπος με τον οποίο η αντιληπτή ποιότητα της αδελφικής σχέσης από Τυπικώς Αναπτυσσόμενα (ΤΑ) παιδιά/εφήβους με αδελφό/-ή με Διανοητική Αναπτυξιακή Διαταραχή (ΔΑΔ) συνδέεται με την προσαρμογή τους, συγκριτικά με ΤΑ παιδιά/εφήβους με αδελφό/-ή χωρίς ΔΑΔ, και αφετέρου να διερευνηθεί αν οι αντιλήψεις των γονέων (πατέρων, μητέρων) για την ποιότητα της αδελφικής σχέσης διαφέρουν από αυτές των ΤΑ παιδιών/εφήβων. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 64 οικογένειες, συγκεκριμένα 64 μητέρες, 58 πατέρες, και 64 ΤΑ παιδιά/έφηβοι, που είχαν παιδί ή έφηβο με ΔΑΔ (Πειραματική Ομάδα, ΠΟ), καθώς και 64 οικογένειες (64 μητέρες, 59 πατέρες, 64 ΤΑ παιδιά/έφηβοι) που είχαν παιδί ή έφηβο χωρίς ΔΑΔ (Ομάδα Ελέγχου, ΟΕ). Το δείγμα επιλέχτηκε με τη μέθοδο δειγματοληψίας χιονοστιβάδας. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν πως, όταν στην οικογένεια υπάρχει παιδί ή έφηβος με ΔΑΔ, οι μητέρες, οι πατέρες και τα ΤΑ παιδιά/έφηβοι συμφωνούν πως επιμέρους πτυχές της ποιότητας της αδελφικής σχέσης διαφέρουν ανάλογα με τα δημογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά (φύλο, ηλικία των ΤΑ παιδιών/εφήβων), και το επίπεδο σοβαρότητας της ΔΑΔ. Αντίθετα, η προσαρμογή των ΤΑ παιδιών/εφήβων με αδελφό/-ή με ΔΑΔ δεν διαφοροποιείται στατιστικά σημαντικά από εκείνη των ΤΑ παιδιών/εφήβων της ΟΕ. Ως προς τη συσχέτιση της ποιότητας της αδελφικής σχέσης με την προσαρμογή των ΤΑ παιδιών/εφήβων με αδελφό/-ή με ΔΑΔ διαπιστώθηκε πως για τα παιδιά που φοιτούν στο Δημοτικό η ποιότητα της αδελφικής σχέσης δεν συσχετίζεται με την προσαρμογή τους. Ωστόσο, για τους εφήβους που φοιτούν στο Γυμνάσιο το αντιληπτό από τις μητέρες κύρος/δύναμη συνδέεται αρνητικά με τα εσωτερικευμένα και τα εξωτερικευμένα προβλήματα συμπεριφοράς. Τα ευρήματα παρέχουν σημαντικές πληροφορίες για την ποιότητα της αδελφικής σχέσης, την προσαρμογή των ΤΑ παιδιών/εφήβων, καθώς και για το αν αυτή η σχέση επηρεάζει την προσαρμογή τους. Τα πορίσματα της παρούσας έρευνας συζητούνται ως προς την αξιοποίησή τους στην εκπαιδευτική πράξη.
Sistematica si ecologia Lithobiidelor din Grecia
Authors: Σταυρόπουλος Γεώργιος
Published: March 2023

Ο στόχος της Διδακτορικής Διατριβής είναι η καλύτερη γνώση από απόψη συστηματικής και οικολογίας των Λιθοβιομόρφων της Ελλάδος. •Ειδικότερα, μελετήθηκε όλη η προγενέστερη βιβλιογραφία των Λιθοβιομόρφων της Ελλάδος. Δημιουργήθηκαν, για την ευκολία των μεταγενέστερων ερευνητών κλειδιά αναγνωρίσεων για γένη, υπογένη και είδη των Λιθοβιομόρφων της Ελλάδος. •Περιγραφή καινούργιων ειδών για την επιστήμη καθώς και νέων ειδών για την ελλαδική πανίδα. •Ειδικότερα, οκτώ (8) νέα είδη για την επιστήμη:1.Harpolithobius andreevi2.Harpolithobius beroni3.Harpolothobius samothrakiensis4.Monotarsobius bescovi5.Pleourolithobius bartsiokasi6.Hessebius matsakisi7.Lithobius hrissiae8.Lithobius seresensis•και τρία (3) καινούργια είδη για την πανίδα της Ελλάδος:1.Lithobius forficatus2.Lithobius lucifugus3.Lithobius pelidnus•Ζωογεωγραφική ανάλυση για πρώτη φορά στην Ελλάδα των Λιθοβιομόρφων ανά γεωγραφική περιοχή με καθαρά στοιχεία ενδημισμού. •Η παρούσα Διατριβή είχε ως αποτέλεσμα την αύξηση του αριθμού των Λιθοβιομόρφων της Ελλάδος από 44 σε 65 είδη και υποείδη.•Οι έρευνές μας αξιοποιήθηκαν σε τρείς (3) εργασίες δημοσιευμένες και μία υπο δημοσίευση (για την πανίδα του Αιγαίου).•Μέρος της μελέτης ήταν και η αναγνώριση μουσειακών συλλογών από Ελλάδα (Αθήνα), Βουλγαρία (Σόφια) και Ελβετία (Λωζάνη).
Ο ανεικονικός διάκοσμος στη βυζαντινή μνημειακή ζωγραφική και η Εικονομαχία (8ος - 9ος αι.)
Authors: Αθανασόπουλος Βασίλειος
Published: March 2023

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας μελέτης είναι ο ανεικονικός διάκοσμος σε περιοχές της Βυζαντινής Αυτοκρατορίας (Ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα, Νησιά Αιγαίου, Κρήτη, Κύπρος, Μ.Ασία) και πως αυτός συνδέεται ιστορικά και καλλιτεχνικά με το κίνημα της Εικονομαχίας. Το βασικό ερώτημα είναι το αν και κατά πόσο ο ανεικονικός διάκοσμος εκκλησιών που συναντάμε σε εκτενείς γεωγραφικές περιοχές της Αν. Μεσογείου και της Μ.Ασίας έχει να κάνει με το εικονομαχικό κίνημα, το οποίο ταλαιπώρησε την Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορίας στο χρονικό διάστημα από τον 8ο έως τον 9ο αιώνα, ή απλά ήταν το αποτέλεσμα κάποιων αισθητικών/ εικαστικών αντιλήψεων που προϋπήρχαν στις περιοχές αυτές και κατά συνέπεια ήταν αποσυνδεδεμένο από θεολογικές και ιστορικές συναρτήσεις. Το επίκεντρο της ανεικονικής ζωγραφικής είναι ο σταυρός. Πλούσιες είναι και οι παραστάσεις ζώων, πτηνών, τα γεωμετρικά σύμβολα, ο φυτικός διάκοσμος καθώς και ο γεωμετρικός διάκοσμος που συναντάμε σε πολλούς ναούς. Το χαρακτηριστικό αυτών είναι ότι συναντώνται και πριν αλλά και μετά από την εικονομαχική περίοδο. Το εικονογραφικό πρόγραμμα δεν είναι σε κάποιες περιπτώσεις αμιγές, αλλά συναντάμε σε πολλές «εικονομαχικές» εκκλησίες την παρουσία ενός «μικτού» διακόσμου.
Διερεύνηση συσχέτισης Κατεύθυνσης Σπουδών στο λύκειο με τις Στάσεις και Συμπεριφορές Φοιτητών απέναντι στην Ηλεκτρομαγνητική Ακτινοβολία των Κινητών Τηλεφώνων και Ασύρματων Δικτύων
Authors: Γαβρίλας Λεωνίδας , Κώτσης Κωνσταντίνος Θ. , Παπανικολάου Μαριάννα-Σωτηρία
Published: March 2023

Η έρευνα για την ηλεκτρομαγνητική ακτινοβολία που προέρχεται από τα κινητά τηλέφωνα και τα ασύρματα δίκτυα είναι σχετικά περιορισμένη, παρόλο που αποτελούν ορισμένες από τις συσκευές που χρησιμοποιούν καθημερινά οι άνθρωποι σε όλες τις εκφάνσεις της ζωής τους. Στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να διερευνήσει τις στάσεις και συμπεριφορές φοιτητών, σχετικά με την ηλεκτρομαγνητική ακτινοβολία από κινητά τηλέφωνα και ασύρματα δίκτυα, καθώς και να εξετάσει την επίδραση της κατεύθυνσης σπουδών που είχαν ακολουθήσει στο λύκειο, στην διαμόρφωση αυτών. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 204 φοιτητές που είχαν ακολουθήσει Θετική κατεύθυνση, 258 Θεωρητική και 157 Τεχνολογική κατεύθυνση όταν φοιτούσαν στο λύκειο. Η συλλογή των δεδομένων πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη χρήση ερωτηματολογίου κλειστού τύπου. Το γενικό συμπέρασμα της έρευνας ήταν ότι οι ερωτώμενοι είχαν διαμορφώσει αρνητική στάση απέναντι στην ηλεκτρομαγνητική ακτινοβολία που εκπέμπεται από τα κινητά τηλέφωνα, καθώς η συντριπτική πλειοψηφία την θεωρούσε επικίνδυνη για την υγεία των ζωντανών οργανισμών, ανεξάρτητα από την κατεύθυνση σπουδών που είχαν ακολουθήσει. Ωστόσο, οι συμπεριφορές και οι πρακτικές που ακολουθούσαν, όσον αφορά την προστασία της υγείας τους από αυτήν, δεν συνάδουν με τις στάσεις που έχουν διαμορφώσει, ούτε επηρεάζονται σημαντικά από την κατεύθυνση που είχαν ακολουθήσει, στην πλειοψηφία των περιπτώσεων.
Αμφιγονική Αναπαραγωγή των Φυτών στο Σχολικό Εργαστήριο: Ανατομία Άνθους και in vitro ανάπτυξη Γυρεοσωλήνων
Authors: Παπαδοπούλου Άννα , Βενέτης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: March 2023

Η αναπαραγωγή στους φυτικούς οργανισμούς συνοδεύεται συχνά από σημαντικό αριθμό διαισθητικών ιδεών των μαθητών που ανιχνεύονται στο πεδίο της έρευνας διεθνώς. Πολλές διδακτικές προτάσεις που προτείνονται για την τροποποίηση αυτών των ιδεών περιορίζονται στη μακροσκοπική παρατήρηση ανθέων ή και τη χρήση κατάλληλου εποπτικού υλικού, προκειμένου οι μαθητές να αναγνωρίσουν την ικανότητα των φυτών για εγγενή πολλαπλασιασμό και να συσχετίσουν τον κύκλο γονιμοποίησης με τα μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά τους. Με δεδομένο ότι στο Ελληνικό σχολείο εντοπίζεται πολύ μικρός αριθμός προτάσεων εργαστηριακής διδασκαλίας στο πεδίο αυτό, στο παρόν άρθρο αναπτύσσεται μια διδακτική πρόταση που περιλαμβάνει τόσο τη μικροσκόπηση του άνθους του φυτού Λίλιουμ σε στερεοσκόπιο όσο και την in vitro εκβλάστηση γυρεόκοκκων των φυτών Ρόκα, Βιβούρνο και Σπάρτο.
Ensuring the formation of some aspects of the individual educational trajectory of higher education seekers at the state institution «Taras Shevchenko LNU»
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Tovstukha Olesia
Published: March 2023

An individual educational trajectory in the classical sense is a personal path to the development of abilities, personal qualities, and mental processes of the person seeking education. It is based on people-centeredness, it aims to provide the most favorable conditions for learning and development of every student of education. In this context, individual educational trajectories, which in the context of the reform were considered as one of the ways to ensure equal access to education, are now gaining special importance. In Taras Shevchenko LNU, educational components of free choice make up at least 25% of the curriculum, they are represented in the curriculum of the corresponding educational program by a list of disciplines, which includes both the disciplines of the corresponding graduation department and the disciplines of other departments, which are the same according to volume of loans and form of control. In order to ensure the transparency of the university's activities, an electronic catalog has been created with a list of such educational components, annotations and syllabi for them, which is posted on the official pages of the university (the official website, the Educational Portal of Taras Shevchenko LNU, access is available to all authorized users (teachers and applicants higher education).
Socio-pedagogical support of the participants of the educational process in conditions of military situation in Ukraine
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bik Olesia
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the socio-pedagogical support of the participants of the educational process in conditions of the military situation in Ukraine. The author stresses that the structural components of the process of socio-pedagogical support of the participants of the educational process in the conditions of military situation in Ukraine are: the implementation of preventive programs, the applying of corrective and rehabilitation work, prevention of suicidal tendencies and actions among students; diversification of forms and methods of career guidance work. It is proved that the purpose of socio-pedagogical support is to create conditions for the realization of the internal potential of participants in the educational process, their social and intellectual development, mental health protection, and the formation of a safe social environment.
Oleksandr Myshuha's pedagogical school and philanthropy
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Golovashych Eduard
Published: March 2023

The materials of the article introduce the pedagogical school of an outstanding Ukrainian, the world-famous singer Oleksandr Pylypovich Myshuga, who managed to combine the national traditions of singing with the Italian professional school of bell canto, creating his own scientific and artistic vocal school. Oleksandr Pylypovich's pedagogical legacy still holds a deep place in the development of the vocal class of the National Music Academy of Ukraine, where two of his students – Mykhailo Venediktovych Mykysha and Maria Eduardivna Donets-Tesseir – once worked. Myshuga is known not only as an outstanding singer and teacher. He entered the history of art also as a patron, thanks to which many talented personalities were able to realize themselves. He gave almost all of his funds to the education of his own students, helped his fellow villagers and even invested money in the development of bursaries. His name is written in golden letters in the history of our people. M. Lysenko's Music and Drama School (Ukrainian educational institution) was the only one in tsarist Russia where teaching was conducted in the Ukrainian language and where the achievements of national drama and national musical theater were integrated. When a world- famous singer came to teach here, it greatly increased her authority. Having analyzed Oleksandr Myshuga's pedagogical ideas and his philanthropic activities, we can come to the conclusion that Maestro's teaching practice had an integrative character. Considering the fact that O. Myshuga had not only a musical, but also a pedagogical education, he tried to raise a comprehensively educated personality, an intellectual performer. While engaged in practical classes with students, he also found time for vocal lectures, tried to implement the principle of multilingualism – understanding the text of vocal works in the original language. As a philanthropist, O. Myshug helped the formation of many talented individuals – includin such bright personalities, luminaries of Ukrainian vocal pedagogy, as Mykhailo Mykysha and Maria Donets-Tesseir.
The specificity of social and pedagogical activities with children in general educational institutions in wartime conditions
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Ponomarova Vira
Published: March 2023

The article examines the main directions and features of social-pedagogical activities with children in general educational institutions in wartime conditions and possible options for organizing educational process during martial law in the country. The negative impact of war on various spheres of life of society is studied in the article. An analysis of the problems and needs of children who suffered as a result of military aggression is being carried out. Special attention is paid to families and children belonging to the category of internally displaced persons. The article emphasizes the need to carry out informational and educational and social preventive work aimed at forming children's safe behavior skills. The need for therapeutic, corrective and rehabilitative influence on the part of the social pedagogue is proved in order to normalize the child's psycho-emotional sphere, overcome crisis psychological states and adapt to life in wartime conditions.
Socio-demographic crisis in Ukraine as a result of the war: state, consequences and ways of overcoming
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi Institute of Social Technologies of University ", Prystupa Mykola ,   Ukraine", Nekliuienko Tetiana ,   Khmelnytskyi Institute of Social Technologies of University "Ukraine", Lutskevych Natalia ,   Khmelnytskyi Institute of Social Technologies of University "Ukraine"
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the demographic situation that developed in Ukraine during the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation. The authors revealed the demographic problems caused by Russia's military aggression and determined the prospects of the main indicators. The demographic situation is an integral indicator of the country's social development, which reflects its economic, social-psychological and moral state. It has been determined that the war entails an increase in the mortality rate, a decrease in the birth rate, and a deterioration in the state of health, in particular due to stress, untimely treatment, and the unavailability of quality medical care.
Support for families with children with special needs in conditions of internal displacement and martial law
Authors:   H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Trubavina Iryna , Kalina Katerуna ,   Kharkiv National Medical University
Published: March 2023

The article identifies the urgent problems faced by families with children with special needs, who have the status of IDPs, in the conditions of martial law in the country. The war in the country is associated with the need to change the content, directions, means and forms of providing support to socially vulnerable strata of Ukrainian society, families with children with special needs, in particular. In the work, based on the study and analysis of modern scientific intelligence and statistical datas, a number of needs and problems of families with children with special needs are identified, among which the following are highlighted: the safety’s problems of the lives of families and their members, the problem of medical care, transport for elementary movement, the problem of obtaining hot dietary food, household problems related to the necessary household appliances for children with special needs, the problem of psychological support for parents who have to learn to adapt to new living conditions and maintain a normal moral, psychological and physical life for their children, etc. The leading directions in which the researched category of Ukrainian society should be supported are identified: psychological, emotional, moral, medical, social, pedagogical. Prospects and ways of implementing relevant changes in the country at the state, legislative, educational, public levels are outlined. Methods for providing high-quality and effective support to families with children with special needs have been determined, as well as educational disciplines have been developed and are ready for implementation.
Social and pedagogical conditions of formation of professional and ethical culture of future specialists in social work
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Krasnovа Nataliia
Published: March 2023

The article considers the requirements for the professional training of a future specialist in social work, which includes the formation of morality and ethics, which are an integral part of his training for professional activity; the concept of «professional and ethical culture of a social work specialist» is revealed, which means the system of professional and moral values that have become the inner convictions of an individual; the socio-pedagogical conditions that determine the formation and further development of certain qualities, properties, skills that do not yet exist in the internal structures of the future social work specialist are characterized; the conditions for the formation of the professional and ethical culture of future social work specialists are highlighted. The condition for creating a communicative environment: communicative culture (expressing one's own thoughts, the ability to create a favorable psychological climate, the ability to conduct dialogue) and communicative competence (a professional vision of the communication situation). The condition for creating motivation among students to master professional and ethical culture (awareness of the importance of the chosen profession, the need to benefit people, improvement of social and protective conditions in the country; motives of a personal nature – satisfaction of needs for public recognition, self-actualization, self-expression, realization of meaning and realization values). Conditions for studying the humanistic aspect of the professional sphere, identifying its ethical problems (mastering the ethical norms of the profession, professional etiquette, professional communication, searching for and realizing personal meanings in the profession, self-actualization of the individual). The condition for the use of personally-oriented methods in education (role and business games, projecting, the method of problem situations, the method of Socratic dialogue).
Formation of conscious motivation for professional activity of future specialist of information and documentation field
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Krokhmal Iryna
Published: March 2023

In the article the author defines the concept of «motive», analyzes the approaches of scientists to its definition. The scientist determines the actuality and significance of motivation for the professional activity that is formed in the process of training a future specialist in the field of information and documentation studies in modern higher school. It is described the ways of forming conscious motivation for the chosen professional activity by future document specialists. Particular attention is paid to the problem of qualitative and effective training of the specialist. It is also emphasized the problems that arise in the process of professional training of the students enrolling in «Informational, Library and Archival Affairs». Moreover, the author of the paper notes the demand for the chosen profession and the possibility of self-realization of the specialists in the modern labor market.
Formation of readiness for further training in students in Grades 7–9 as a scientific problem
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Otroshchenko Nataliia
Published: March 2023

The article emphasizes that today society needs a school that can prepare a business person who is distinguished by a high level of creativity and professionalism, has a moral position and a wide range of competencies. The article describes pre-profile training as a system of pedagogical, psychological, pedagogical, informational and organizational activities that helps applicants for Basic Secondary Education in choosing their profile areas of future training and a wide range of further professional activities. Various definitions of the concept of «readiness», which is interpreted as a manifestation of abilities, are summarized; as a personal education, quality, property; as a state; as the main condition for a person to perform any type of activity, carry out self-knowledge, replenish personal experience, increase the level of independence and develop potential cognitive capabilities. It is summarized that the correct pre-profile trajectory of education applicants creates opportunities for the most complete development of the child in accordance with its essence. This will become a powerful engine for the progress of Ukrainian society in the context of the country's transition to information and communication technologies, in which success will be determined by the development of the individual and its maximum self-realization.
Formation of tolerance as a professional quality of a future teacher
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Pavlenko Iryna
Published: March 2023

Future teacher personality formation is carried actively out in the Higher Education Institution, where the significant professional qualities, interests, creative abilities, values of future teachers are formed as well as the general level of their culture grows constantly. The author notes that in the conditions of professional pedagogical education the tolerance of future teachers increases on a regular basis. Today it is one of the most essential goals of professional pedagogical training. The article analyzes the content of the concept of tolerance; identifies types of future teacher tolerance; presents three important approaches of future teacher tolerance formation. The issues of tolerance have been researched for a long time. But so far the concept of tolerance, which would fully cover all the components of this quality and is suitable for every aspect of life activity, has not been elaborated yet. Thus, the problem of tolerance cannot be considered equally studied in theoretical, experimental and applied aspects. It is obvious that tolerance cannot be defined by one universal formula. It is an art, skill, ability, talent. Some people possess it by nature, others learn it hard. At the same time, a certain group of people will never achieve it. It is not enough for a modern person to have a natural talent to become a tolerant one. It is necessary to develop this quality every day. The focus on the main features of popular concepts of tolerance is vital. First of all, it should be noted that a tolerant person is friendly towards all people. The best teachers are always careful and know different educational needs of their students. Besides, the constant self-improvement is a sure way to succeed as a teacher. The article also examined that the main components of tolerance are: acceptance, understanding, imagination, knowledge, talent, determination, etc. These components should be developed by learning and practice successfully. The continuous development of the components will have the best effect on the process of tolerance formation.
To questions of organization of scientific and research activity of future experts in the field of civil protection
Authors:   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, Rotar Vasyl , Myhalenko Oleksii ,   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine
Published: March 2023

The article highlights the peculiarities of organization of scientific and research activity of specialists in the sphere of civil institution, the task of scientific and research work of cadets. The main forms of research activity of cadets are analyzed.
Means of facilitation in the formation of critical thinking of students of higher education in socionomic specialties
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Stepanenko Viktoriia
Published: March 2023

The article outlines the means of facilitation in the formation of critical thinking of students of higher education in socionomic specialties. Facilitation tools are considered through the prism of their assimilation and further application by students of higher education in future professional activities, built on the principles of critical analysis and synthesis of information, constructive dialogue and interaction. It is noted that in the process of forming critical thinking among students of higher education, the facilitator does not offer ready-made solutions and does not perform the tasks set before the group, but provides the participants with the means by which they rethink the problem, formulate ways to solve it that they did not see at the beginning. The use of facilitation tools during the formation of critical thinking in higher education students of socionomic specialties ensures a more effective exchange of ideas, cooperation with others, awareness and search for ways to solve problems, creative implementation of new solutions, evaluation of information, courage and lack of fear of mistakes and the ability to correct them.
Sosialisasi Bahaya Listrik bagi Rumah Tangga pada Hunian Baru Korban Letusan Semeru, Kabupaten Lumajang
Authors: Negara I Made Yulistya , Hernanda I Gusti Ngurah Satriyadi , Asfani Dimas Anton , Suryani Titiek , Kuswidiastuti Devy , Affandi Achmad , Handayani Puji
Published: March 2023

Gunung Semeru terletak pada Kabupaten Lumajang dimana pada Sabtu, 4 Desember 2021 pukul 15.15 WIB terjadi erupsi yang berakibat di dusun sekitar lereng Gunung Semeru. Dusun Curah Kobokan merupakan salah satu dari beberapa daerah yang terdampak erupsi Gunung Semeru. Pasalnya, hampir semua rumah warga di lokasi itu hancur. Sebanyak 300 kepala keluarga dari Dusun Curah Kobokan mengungsi dari total 4.250 orang pengungsi. Terdapat hunian baru yang terletak di Desa Sumbermujur dan menjadi tempat pengungsian warga Dusun Curah Kobokan yang terdampak. Dengan adanya hunian baru ini dirasa warga memerlukan adanya pengetahuan terkait bahaya listrik bagi rumah tangga dan instalasi listrik yang benar. Oleh karena itu, melalui skema pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan Laboratorium Tegangan Tinggi Departemen Teknik Elektro ITS turut membantu menjawab permasalahan tersebut dengan menciptakan sebuah kegiatan penyuluhan Sosialisasi Bahaya Listrik Bagi Rumah Tangga Pada Hunian Baru Korban Letusan Semeru, Kabupaten Lumajang. Sasaran kegiatan yang dituju pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah para warga Desa Sumbermujur, Kabupaten Lumajang.