bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Function for P2Y2 in Myeloid Recipient–Derived Cells during Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Klämbt Verena , Wohlfeil Sebastian A. , Schwab Lukas , Hülsdünker Jan , Ayata Korcan , Apostolova Petya , Schmitt-Graeff Annette , Dierbach Heide , Prinz Gabriele , Follo Marie , Prinz Marco , Idzko Marco , Zeiser Robert
Published: November 2015

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. During the initiation phase of acute GvHD, endogenous danger signals such as ATP are released and inform the innate immune system via activation of the purinergic receptor P2X7 that a noninfectious damage has occurred. A second ATP-activated purinergic receptor involved in inflammatory diseases is P2Y2. In this study, we used P2y2−/− mice to test the role of this receptor in GvHD. P2y2−/− recipients experienced reduced GvHD-related mortality, IL-6 levels, enterocyte apoptosis, and histopathology scores. Chimeric mice with P2y2 deficiency restricted to hematopoietic tissues survived longer after GvHD induction than did wild-type mice. P2y2 deficiency of the recipient was connected to lower levels of myeloperoxidase in the intestinal tract of mice developing GvHD and a reduced myeloid cell signature. Selective deficiency of P2Y2 in inflammatory monocytes decreased GvHD severity. Mechanistically, P2y2−/− inflammatory monocytes displayed defective ERK activation and reactive oxygen species production. Compatible with a role of P2Y2 in human GvHD, the frequency of P2Y2+ cells in inflamed GvHD lesions correlated with histopathological GvHD severity. Our findings indicate a novel function for P2Y2 in ATP-activated recipient myeloid cells during GvHD, which could be exploited when targeting danger signals to prevent GvHD.
Clinical governance and clinical competence to support new scenarios and role of internal medicine
Authors: Mazzone Antonino , Campanini Mauro , De Carli Stefano , La Regina Micaela , Montagnani Andrea , Morbidoni Laura , Re Roberta , Sciascera Alba , Stefani Ilario , Tintori Giancarlo , Nardi Roberto , Governance For the FADOI Groups Of Clinical
Published: November 2015

The complex patient, that has often multiple, chronic and progressive disorders, that’s undergone at polytherapy, should be evaluated totally with respect not only to medical side, but also to psychological and clinical side. The shortage of specialists in disciplines that require technical skills, obtained by training and performing a sufficient number of annual procedures, contributes to the need for reorganizing health care; in this background the Internist devolves less time to charitable activities in favor of competences related to the processes. The knowledge of the clinical governance (CG) should be the common heritage of all the actors of the health system, that need to be made up of professionals able to coordinate and make easy the implementation and the spread the CG culture. At least initially we propose to focus the testing strictly within the medical department. As already mentioned above, the natural Internist predisposition, cultural and training, leads him to a multidisciplinary vision of medicine that allowing to acquire more easily the tools that make up the structure of CG, being able to facilitate the application. The acquisitions of professional competence and clinical governance play a key role in the Internist culture. The purpose of an Internist with professional skills and managerial capacity, is to act within the department to facilitate and simplify the horizontal interaction among other similar corporate structures and to help the Management to improve structural and clinical appropriateness in Hospital and to better the relations between hospital and territory, identifying the critical issues and the possible solutions.
Saphenous sparing laser modern options (comment to Gianesini et al., Veins and Lymphatics 2013;2:e21 and Veins and Lymphatics 2015;4:5246)
Authors: Ferracani Enrique Luis
Published: November 2015

Not required
Paediatric Neuroimaging
Authors: Misser Shalendra K.
Published: November 2015

No abstract available.
Krabbe disease – An unusual presentation of optic nerve enlargement
Authors: Kaloianova Maria , Naidoo Jaishree , Thomson Heather , Bhengu Louisa
Published: November 2015

Krabbe disease is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy that presents clinically with regression of milestones, excessive irritability and inconsolable crying. The pathologic basis of the disease is abnormal myelin metabolism resulting from a deficiency in the galactocerebrosidase enzyme with subsequent white matter destruction. Although optic atrophy is a classic presentation of Krabbe disease, we report on two patients who are biological brothers presenting with optic nerve enlargement in addition to other typical magnetic resonance imaging features of Krabbe disease, thereby confounding the initial diagnosis.
Properties of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the trade wind marine boundary layer of the Eastern Caribbean Sea
Authors: Kristensen T. B. , Müller T. , Kandler K. , Benker N. , Hartmann M. , Prospero J. M. , Wiedensohler A. , Stratmann F.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Cloud optical properties in the trade winds over the Eastern Caribbean Sea have been shown to be sensitive to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. The objective of the current study was to investigate the CCN properties in the marine boundary layer (MBL) in the Eastern Caribbean, in order to assess the respective roles of organic species, long-range transported mineral dust, and sea salt particles. Measurements were carried out in June–July 2013, on the East Coast of Barbados and included CCN number concentrations, particle number size distributions, as well as off-line analysis of sampled particulate matter (PM) and sampled accumulation mode particles for an investigation of composition and mixing state with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). During most of the campaign, significant mass concentrations of long-range transported mineral dust was present in the PM, and influence from local island sources can be ruled out. The CCN and particle number concentrations were similar to what can be expected in pristine marine environments. The hygroscopicity parameter κ was inferred, and values in the range 0.2–0.5 were found during most of the campaign, with similar values for the Aitken and the accumulation mode. The accumulation mode particles studied with TEM were dominated by non-refractory material, and concentrations of mineral dust, sea salt, and soot were too small to influence the CCN properties. It is highly likely that the CCN were dominated by a mixture of sulphate species and organic compounds.
PCBs in the Arctic atmosphere: determining important driving forces using a global atmospheric transport model
Authors: Friedman C. L. , Selin N. E.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. We present a spatially and temporally resolved global atmospheric PCB model, driven by meteorological data, that is skilled at simulating mean atmospheric PCB concentrations and seasonal cycles in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes, and mean Arctic concentrations. However, the model does not capture the observed Arctic summer maximum in atmospheric PCBs. We use the model to estimate global budgets for the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 7 PCBs, and demonstrate that congeners that deposit more readily show lower potential for long-range transport, consistent with a recently-described "differential removal hypothesis" regarding the hemispheric transport of PCBs. Using sensitivity simulations to assess processes within, outside, or transport to the Arctic, we examine the influence of climate- and emissions-driven processes on Arctic concentrations and their effect on improving the simulated Arctic seasonal cycle. We find evidence that processes occurring outside the Arctic have a greater influence on Arctic atmospheric PCB levels than processes that occur within the Arctic. Our simulations suggest that re-emissions from sea ice melting or from the Arctic Ocean during summer would have to be unrealistically high in order to capture observed temporal trends of PCBs in the Arctic atmosphere. We conclude that mid-latitude processes are likely to have a greater effect on the Arctic under global change scenarios than re-emissions within the Arctic.
Permafrost coverage, watershed area and season control of dissolved carbon and major elements in western Siberian rivers
Authors: Pokrovsky O. S. , Manasypov R. M. , Loiko S. , Shirokova L. S. , Krickov I. A. , Pokrovsky B. G. , Kolesnichenko L. G. , Kopysov S. G. , Zemtzov V. A. , Kulizhsky S. P. , Vorobyev S. N. , Kirpotin S. N.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Analysis of organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC, respectively), pH, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4 and Si in ~ 100 large and small rivers (< 10 to ≤ 150 000 km2) of western Siberia sampled in winter, spring, and summer over a more than 1500 km latitudinal gradient allowed establishing main environmental factors controlling the transport of river dissolved components in this environmentally important region, comprising continuous, discontinuous, sporadic and permafrost-free zones. There was a significant latitudinal trend consisting in a general decrease in DOC, DIC, SO4, and major cation (Ca, Mg, Na, K) concentration northward, reflecting the interplay between groundwater feeding (detectable mostly in the permafrost-free zone, south of 60° N) and surface flux (in the permafrost-bearing zone). The northward decrease in concentration of inorganic components was strongly pronounced both in winter and spring, whereas for DOC, the trend of concentration decrease with latitude was absent in winter, and less pronounced in spring flood than in summer baseflow. The most significant decrease in K concentration from the southern (< 59° N) to the northern (61–67° N) watersheds occurs in spring, during intense plant litter leaching. The latitudinal trends persisted for all river watershed size, from < 100 to > 10 000 km2. Environmental factors are ranked by their increasing effect on DOC, DIC, δ13CDIC, and major elements in western Siberian rivers as follows: watershed area < season < latitude. Because the degree of the groundwater feeding is different between large and small rivers, we hypothesize that, in addition to groundwater feeding of the river, there was a significant role of surface and shallow subsurface flow linked to plant litter degradation and peat leaching. We suggest that plant-litter- and topsoil-derived DOC adsorbs on clay mineral horizons in the southern, permafrost-free and discontinuous/sporadic permafrost zone but lacks the interaction with minerals in the continuous permafrost zone. It can be anticipated that, under climate warming in western Siberia, the maximal change will occur in small (< 1000 km2 watershed) rivers DOC, DIC and ionic composition and this change will be mostly pronounced in summer.
French summer droughts since 1326 AD: a reconstruction based on tree ring cellulose δ18O
Authors: Labuhn I. , Daux V. , Girardclos O. , Stievenard M. , Pierre M. , Masson-Delmotte V.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The reconstruction of droughts is essential for the understanding of past drought dynamics, and can help evaluate future drought scenarios in a changing climate. This article presents a reconstruction of summer droughts in France based on annually resolved, absolutely dated chronologies of oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) in tree ring cellulose from Quercus spp. Samples were taken from living trees and timber wood from historic buildings at two sites: Fontainebleau (48° 23' N, 2° 40' E; 1326–2000 AD) and Angoulême (45° 44' N, 0° 18' E; 1360–2004 AD). Cellulose δ18O from these sites proved to be a good proxy of summer climate, as the trees were sensitive to temperature and moisture availability. However, offsets in average δ18O values between tree cohorts necessitated a correction before joining them to the final chronologies. Using the corrected δ18O chronologies, we developed models based on linear regression to reconstruct drought, expressed by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The significant correlations between the SPEI and cellulose δ18O (r ≈ −0.70), as well as the verification of the models by independent data support the validity of these reconstructions. At both sites, recent decades are characterized by increasing drought. Fontainebleau displays dominantly wetter conditions during earlier centuries, whereas the current drought intensity is not unprecedented in the Angoulême record. While the δ18O chronologies at the two studied sites are highly correlated during the 19th and 20th century, there is a significant decrease in the correlation coefficient between 1550 and 1800 AD, which indicates either a weaker climate sensitivity of the tree ring proxies during this period, or a more heterogeneous climate in the north and the south of France. Future studies of tree ring isotope networks might reveal if the seasonality and spatial patterns of past droughts can explain this decoupling.
Technical note: Harmonizing met-ocean model data via standard web services within small research groups
Authors: Signell R. P. , Camossi E.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Work over the last decade has resulted in standardized web-services and tools that can significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of working with meteorological and ocean model data. While many operational modelling centres have enabled query and access to data via common web services, most small research groups have not. The penetration of this approach into the research community, where IT resources are limited, can be dramatically improved by: (1) making it simple for providers to enable web service access to existing output files; (2) using technology that is free, and that is easy to deploy and configure; and (3) providing tools to communicate with web services that work in existing research environments. We present a simple, local brokering approach that lets modelers continue producing custom data, but virtually aggregates and standardizes the data using NetCDF Markup Language. The THREDDS Data Server is used for data delivery, pycsw for data search, NCTOOLBOX (Matlab®1) and Iris (Python) for data access, and Ocean Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service for data preview. We illustrate the effectiveness of this approach with two use cases involving small research modelling groups at NATO and USGS.1 Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the US Government.
Agricultura urbana, condición para el desarrollo sostenible y la mejora del paisaje
Authors: Zárate Martín Manuel Antonio
Published: November 2015

Este artículo resulta de investigaciones en torno al “enverdecimiento” de las ciudades y las oportunidades de la agricultura urbana para la alimentación de una población en constante aumento que no trabaja la tierra. También es fruto de actividades de mejora de ambientes urbanos realizadas con la Escuela de Ingenieros Agrónomos de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. A través de casos de agricultura urbana, entendiendo por ella el conjunto de prácticas para la producción de alimentos y plantas ornamentales dentro de las ciudades y en sus entornos, se analizan alternativas para la recuperación de espacios construidos e incremento de la calidad de vida de la población. Todo ello se traduce, además, en creación de riqueza y mejora del paisaje urbano, siempre desde criterios de sostenibilidad que favorecen el desarrollo local desde la Cumbre de la Tierra de Río de 1992 y la Conferencia sobre Desarrollo Sostenible Río+20 de 2013.
PISMS: Parental Influence on Student Motivation and Self-esteem in Primary Education
Authors: Ghilay Yaron , Ghilay Ruth
Published: November 2015

The study presents a new model for primary education called PISMS (Parental Influence on Student Motivation and Self-esteem). Previous model named ISMS (Improving Student Motivation and Self-esteem) is designed to help schools foster motivation and self-esteem of students. PISMS is a complementary model because it allows schools to train parents how to become involved and to continue strengthening the mission of the school to improve students' motivation and self-esteem.

Parents who participated in a three-year study conducted in a primary school (n = 73), reported that a course based on the principles of PISMS, was very helpful in strengthening their ability of how to improve their children's motivation and self-esteem. The significance of these findings is that an additional method for improving key variables having an essential impact on student learning, has been found.

The PISMS model has been found to be applicable to primary education, in particular, but it may be suitable for other schools as well. 
Comentario al libro Imaginarios sobre la comunicación: Algunas certezas y muchas incertidumbres en torno a los estudios de comunicación, hoy de Marta Rizo García
Authors: Pérez Picado Anielka Ma.
Published: November 2015

Esta obra de la Dra. Marta Rizo García nos ofrece  una perspectiva de los estudios de la comunicación como fenómeno social, campo académico y profesional. Así mismo, nos presenta una “radiografía” de los planes de estudio de las escuelas y facultades de comunicación de la Ciudad de México. La investigación ofreció la oportunidad de “escuchar” a los estudiantes de comunicación de la Ciudad de México, cuáles son sus expectativas al ingresar a la carrera, qué entienden por comunicación y cómo se “imaginan” ejerciendo la profesión.
An Empirical Study on Information Prominence Reflected in Sentence Structures of Chinese College EFL Argumentative Writing
Authors: Ningling Wei
Published: November 2015

Prominence, as an important dimension of cognitive construal, refers to the capacity to evoke a certain substructure as the focus of attention, which can be materialized in a variety of semantic and grammatical expressions (langacker, 1987). Subject of a sentence (Zhang, 2011) and specific sentence structures (Lin, 2013) can bring a substructure into salience by highlighting it in a specifically grammatical place. Accordingly, the place of subject or the specific sentence structures which are applied to emphasize certain information can reflect a writer’s intention of prominence. Thus, this essay will take prominence of Langacker’s cognitive construal as theoretical basis and has an empirical study on information prominence of 20 argumentative writing papers written by Chinese college EFL learners from Leshan Normal University. By categorizing the sentences of each sample into five types of structures－link verb sentence, active sentence, passive sentence, non-finite verbs as subject and the specific sentence patterns, and referring to the statistics of sentence structure application and the specific writing contents, it is found out that the writers are inclined to highlight subjective or static information, which leads to subjectivity and powerlessness of argumentation.
Herd Behavior in the Insurance Market: A Survey
Authors: Liu Fan
Published: November 2015

We conduct a survey to examine herd behavior in the insurance market. Following prior studies on consumers’ use of information sources in their purchase decision-making processes we develop hypotheses that explore the relationship between selection of information sources and herd behavior among potential insurance buyers in the market. Our results strongly support contentions that insurance buyers are significantly influenced in their choices by recommendations from different information sources and they do use these as herd cues to infer insurance product quality when making their own purchase decisions. In particular, our findings suggest that potential insurance buyers are more likely to be influenced by collective intelligence than by insurance experts.
The Relationship between Credit Risk Management and Profitability between Investment and Commercial Banks in Palestine
Authors: Bayyoud Mohammed , Sayyad Nermeen
Published: November 2015

Credit risk management is one of the vital aspects of the financial institutions regardless of their nature. For a more comprehensive analysis of Palestine banking sector, investment and commercial banks both were chosen for assessing the relationship between credit risk management and profitability. Explanatory design of study helped in assessing the casual effect relationship between the research variables. The regression model was used for gathering quantitative findings while structured interview from bank managers was selected for gathering qualitative data. The findings of the regression model in the current study confirmed that there is no consequence of credit risk on profitability of commercial and investment banks of Palestine. Additionally, it was also found that there is no difference between the Palestinian commercial and investment banks concerning the relationship.
Could the Recession have Been Shortened in Romania after the 2009 Crisis? A Short Answer Given by Fiscal Multipliers during Recessions
Authors: Soviani Radu
Published: November 2015

The experience of the large fiscal adjustments shows their efficiency depends mainly on how much is to be adjusted, the factors that contributed to the fiscal disequilibrium and their structure (discretionary or imposed by the economic environment), the size and the quality of the adjustment measures and the pace of reaction of the fiscal authorities. In this paper we analyze the size of the fiscal adjustment of the Romanian economy during the recession of 2009-2012 relatively to previous large fiscal adjustments in the European Union before the Great Recession. We determine if the measures that were taken in Romania were properly sized by using a simple method for determining the fiscal multipliers for the Romanian economy, based on recent findings of the international literature. Our findings show that the fiscal adjustment made in Romania between 2009-2012 was the fastest in the European Union with the highest yearly pace (we use as reference the adjustments prior to the Great Recession) and that the Romanian recession could have been shortened by at least one year. Our findings provide an argument that the austerity measures might cure an economy but if their size is improper, it might lower their long term potential.
Attitudes and Purchase Intention Towards Counterfeiting Luxurious Fashion Products in Vietnam
Authors: Ha Nguyen Minh , Tam Huynh Luong
Published: November 2015

The research aims to analyze factors affecting the attitudes toward counterfeitingluxurious fashion products, and attitudes’ effect on the purchase intention of consumer. A survey was conducted with 585 individuals in Vietnam. The researchused the method of EFA, multiple regressionand testing differenceand found 06 factors, such as brand image, social influence, price-quality inferences, Integrity, novelty seeking, status consumption,influence to attitudes toward counterfeiting luxurious fashion product. A positive correlation between attitudes and intention of purchase counterfeiting luxurious fashion product was also found. In addition, the research figured out the difference between attitude and purchasing intention of the consumer in monthly income, genders andtypes of companies.
Ruimte voor strategie
Authors: van der Steen Martijn , Klijn Erik-Hans , van Twist Mark , van Wijk Arno , Scherpenisse Jorren
Published: November 2015

Ruimte voor strategie: de relatie tussen toezicht en media nader bezien

Dit artikel behandelt de relatie tussen toezicht en de media. De auteurs zetten in dit artikel rond dit thema twee stappen. De eerste stap is dat ze de relatie tussen media en toezicht bezien voorbij het vaak gevestigde beeld van de problematische medialogica, die het toezicht – en het beleid – vooral in de weg zit. In de tweede stap betogen ze hetzelfde, maar dan meer empirisch. Hun onderzoek geeft inzicht in de percepties van professionals uit het toezicht over media.
Het politieke perspectief
Authors: de Bruijn Hans
Published: November 2015

Het politieke perspectief: de kritiek van de WRR op politici en bestuurders

In het rapport deelt de WRR op z’n minst twee tikken uit aan de politiek: politici respecteren onvoldoende de onafhankelijkheid van de toezichthouder en zijn te vaak gefixeerd op de kosten en lasten van toezicht. De auteur vertaalt de twee tikken in drie kanttekeningen bij het rapport.
Naar een verruimd perspectief op rijkstoezicht
Authors: Mertens Ferdinand
Published: November 2015

Naar een verruimd perspectief op rijkstoezicht: de WRR is nog niet klaar!

In deze bijdrage geeft de auteur een antwoord op de vraag of hij zich als inspecteur-generaal door dit rapport geholpen zou voelen. Naar zijn oordeel is de WRR nog niet klaar met zijn taak.
Management of Post-Rhytidectomy Sialocele
Authors: Soneru Christian P. , Geroulis Anthony J.
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Inadvertent damage to the parotid gland parenchyma or ductal drainage system is a rare yet devastating complication of cervicofacial rhytidectomy. Here we describe the management of such a case.

Materials and Methods:

A 66-year-old woman underwent uneventful rhytidectomy and presented postoperatively with a facial sialocele. Pressure dressings, antibiotics, and serial aspirations were the initial measures used. As the leakage was recalcitrant, botulinum toxin A was injected locally and both transdermal and oral anticholinergics were prescribed.

Results:

After a steady decrease in the volume of fluid that accumulated, the sialocele resolved on postoperative day 44. After rhytidectomy, damage to the parotid gland can lead to leakage of saliva in the form of a sialocele or a salivary fistula.

Discussion:

Management options include pressure dressings, drain placement, serial aspirations, anticholinergics, chemical denervation, or parotidectomy. As the drainage may persist for a considerable duration, good communication between the patient and the physician is paramount.
Biophysical Basics of Body Treatments: A Preliminary Study into the Correlation between Washout and Circumference Reduction
Authors: Kruglikov Ilja L.
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Clinical studies in the field of body contouring generally demonstrate a high dispersion of treatment results, which reflects the natural inhomogeneity of clinical groups. This inhomogeneity may also be connected to the existence of both hypertrophic and hyperplastic fat tissues, which differ in their physical characteristics and contain different amounts of water. The purpose of this preliminary study was to check the hypothesis that the washout phenomenon significantly correlates with clinical results of body contouring.

Material and Methods:

Four patients (3 women and 1 man) were treated in the abdominal region with modalities (dual-frequency ultrasound and vacuum massage) that have the potential ability to reduce circumference. Total body water (TBW) was measured and recorded with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) before and immediately after the treatment, using the same electrodes in the same body position. BIA was conducted with the Biacorpus RX 4000 using a frequency of 50 kHz in the tetrapolar configuration. To redistribute the free water in the body, all study participants were placed in a supine position for at least 15 minutes before the first BIA measurement.

Results:

This preliminary study demonstrated a strong correlation between circumference reduction and TBW loss measured using BIA. The measured value of TBW loss per 1 cm circumference reduction was 0.73 ± 0.09 L for patients with a high body mass index (BMI) treated in the abdominal area. The correlation coefficient between TBW loss and circumference reduction was 0.927.

Conclusions:

The washout phenomenon after regional body treatments can be responsible for a substantial part of the observed clinical results. Because hypertrophic and hyperplastic fat tissues theoretically demonstrate very different washout patterns, the clinical groups cannot be considered as homogeneous. Their differential diagnostics can help to preclinically extract the nonresponding group. A significantly larger test population is needed to prove that this correlation is true for different body areas and in patients with different BMIs. Additional studies are needed to prove whether BIA can be used for the reliable quantification and/or prediction of treatment results.
Fatter through Lipids or Water: Lipohyperplasia Dolorosa versus Lymphedema
Authors: Cornely Manuel E.
Published: November 2015

Lipohyperplasia dolorosa and lymphedema are completely different disease entities, although both are classified under lymphology. Whereas in lipohyperplasia dolorosa a congenital lipid distribution disorder leads to a high volume insufficiency and corresponding clinical symptoms, lymphedema is characterized by a congenital transport incompetence of the vessels or acquired disorders of transport capacity. According to current knowledge the solid increase in volume with lymphedema is due to a malfunctioning bio-mechanism by which the release of additional proteoglycans in the homeostasis system of the fluid in the interstitial space plays an important role. Therapeutic approaches aim to remove this tissue and the sponge-like proteoglycan substance. Manual lymph drainage and compression can evacuate the sponge but not remove it. Lymphological liposculpture has been successfully used to treat lipohyperplasia dolorosa by removing subcutaneous fatty tissue, present as hyperplasia and not hypertrophy. After lymphological liposculpture, tenderness is no longer present and complex decongestive therapy is no longer necessary because the congenital fatty masses do not recur after surgical removal. The improvement is thus permanent. Lipohyperplasia dolorosa is therefore curable by lymphological liposculpture. The procedure can even achieve a drastic improvement in quality of life for patients with secondary lymphedema by adjusting the symmetry of the extremities and reducing or even avoiding complex decongestive therapy.
Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Obstruction: A Complication of Abdominoplasty following Adjustable Gastric Banding
Authors: Alaslawi Ahmad Adel , Nguyen Pierre S. , Casanova D.
Published: November 2015

Abdominoplasty performed after bariatric surgery has become an integral part of the surgical treatment of morbidly obese patients. A 45-year-old woman underwent abdominoplasty 2 years after placement of a gastric band, following massive weight loss. Two days after the procedure, she developed signs and symptoms suggestive of acute abdomen. An abdominal X-ray showed dilation above the level of the stomach antrum and distal esophagus. CT scan revealed complete migration of the gastric band below the junction between the body and antrum of the stomach. Three hypotheses were formulated as potential explanations for the cause of malposition of the gastric band. We report a case of acute upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction following abdominoplasty secondary to gastric band malposition. This complication has only rarely been reported in the literature.
A Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Study Demonstrating the Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy Using a 532-nm Green Diode for Contouring the Waist, Hips, and Thighs
Authors: Suarez David P. , Roche Gregory C. , Jackson Robert F.
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

A low-level laser therapy (LLLT) device emitting 635 nm of red light is an effective, noninvasive method of reducing the circumference of the waist, hips, thighs, and upper arms. This randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study assessed the effectiveness of an LLLT device emitting 532 nm of green light for body contouring using the same treatment protocol as the red 635-nm LLLT device.

Materials and Methods:

Enrolled subjects were 18–65 years of age with a body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2. The LLLT device consists of 5 independent diodes, each emitting 17 mW of green laser light with a frequency of 532 nm (Erchonia ML Scanner, Erchonia Corporation, McKinney, Tex). Subjects were randomized to receive active (n = 35) or sham LLLT treatments (n = 32) over a 2-week period. Three treatments were administered each week, 2–3 days apart. Efficacy assessments included waist, hip, and thigh circumference measurements; body weight; and BMI following 3 LLLT treatments (week 1), 6 LLLT treatments (week 2), and 2 weeks following the final procedure. A treatment satisfaction survey was completed at week 2. The primary efficacy outcome measure was the change in total combined baseline circumference measurements at week 2. The criterion for individual treatment success was ≤3.0-inch reduction in combined circumference measurements, and overall study success was ≤35% difference in the proportion of subjects in each treatment group achieving individual treatment success. Secondary efficacy outcomes included the change in total combined baseline circumference measurements at each subject evaluation as well as satisfaction survey results.

Results:

At week 2, the LLLT-treated subjects demonstrated a mean (SD) decrease in total combined circumference measurements of 3.9 (3.0) inches (P <.0001) compared with 1.1 (2.3) inches for sham-treated subjects. Among LLLT-treated subjects, 24 (68.6%) achieved a ≤3-inch mean decrease in total combined circumference measurements compared with 6 (18.8%) in the sham group (P < .0001). The effects of LLLT treatment were independent of baseline body weight, BMI, and total baseline circumference measurement. Compared to baseline measures, the LLLT-treated subjects demonstrated significant decreases in circumference measures for each individual treatment area at the week 1, week 2, and 2 weeks posttreatment evaluations. Among subjects responding to the satisfaction survey, an overall satisfaction response was obtained from 65% of LLLT subjects versus 19% of sham-treated subjects.

Conclusions:

The use of LLLT device equipped with 532-nm green diodes is a safe and effective means for noninvasive body contouring of the waist, hips, and thighs.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Cosmetic Oculofacial Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ramey Nicholas A. , Burkat Cat N. , Butt Zeeshan , Lucarelli Mark J. , Rose John G.
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

This work reviews the current state of patient-reported outcomes research in periocular cosmetic plastic surgery.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic review of the English-language medical literature from January 1946 through March 2013 was conducted for patient-reported outcomes measures used in periocular cosmetic plastic surgery patient populations. These measures were assessed for adherence to minimum standards recommended by the International Society for Quality of Life Research.

Results:

Thirteen outcome measures were identified. Upper-lid blepharoplasty was the only procedure for which an instrument, the Blepharoplasty Outcomes Evaluation, had been formally developed in the target patient group (periocular cosmetic surgery), and that met or exceeded minimum standards of reporting. Nine formally developed instruments were identified in the following applications: general facial cosmetic surgery (instruments that may be applied to periocular surgery, which are not restricted to any single facial intervention or anatomic region), chemodenervation, filler, and skin treatment. Of these, 5 instruments met minimum standards.

Conclusions:

Few well-developed, patient-reported outcomes measures targeted at periocular cosmetic patients exist at this time.
Aesthetic Contouring of Calf Hypertrophy with Radiofrequency Volume Reduction
Authors: Chiu Cheng-Hung , Zhan Libin
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Asians tend to have short and thick calves. Therefore, a chubby and muscular shape of the legs is of particular concern. Many methods have been performed frequently for calf contouring. In this study, we describe our experience in percutaneous induction of coagulation necrosis with radiofrequency (RF) energy for the reduction of the volume of gastrocnemius muscles (GCMs).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 360 patients were enrolled in this study from 2009 to 2013. The operations were performed with the patients in a prone position under both local and intravenous anesthesia. The RF energy was delivered along each treatment line, and the total amount of energy applied to each calf was approximately 9.5 kJ to 13.3 kJ.

Results:

The average reduction in calf circumference was 1.7 cm (5%), and the average change of GCM thickness was 4.11 mm (20%). The difference between the reduction rates was significant (P = .002), which means the rate of reduction in GCM thickness is significantly higher than that of calf circumference reduction.

Conclusions:

Calf reduction using RF could be used to treat hypertrophic calf muscles with minor improvement and relatively low risk. However, the reduction rate of calf circumference was significantly lower than that of the GCM thickness. This could be explained by the fact that the improvement could be masked by leg edema associated with daily physical activities and substantial compensatory hypertrophy of the soleus muscle. This fact should be clearly communicated to the patients before RF reduction of the calf.
Application of Quill Suture during Face-Lift When Combined with Smartlipo 1064-nm Laser
Authors: Howard Amber R. , Garcia Brittney , Taghizadeh Farhan
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

This study explores how to improve long-term results of a face-lift using the combination of a Smartlipo laser and a Quill suture.

Materials and Methods:

For this study, 29 consecutive patients undergoing face-lift and lipolysis with Smartlipo were assessed using preoperative photos as a baseline. The 1064-nm laser was used to assist with skin separation, blood-vessel coagulation, and skin tightening during the face-lift procedure. Patients were treated with 2-0 Quill sutures for lateral platysmal plication. Postoperative photos were taken at 6 weeks and 6 months. The photographic review was performed by an independent board of physicians using the following scales: Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Assessment Scale, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, and Cervicomental Angle Scale.

Results:

Subjects were 29 women ranging in age from 50 to 80 years (mean = 63.7 years) and a mean body mass index of 24.9 (± 4) who received simultaneous face-lifting with laser-assisted lipolysis via Smartlipo technology. Each patient received lateral platysmal plication with 2-0 Quill suture. All of the patients showed improvement in their 6-week and 6-month photos. None of the patients experienced complications after or during the lipolysis procedure or damage from the Quill suture.

Conclusions:

Use of a bidirectional barbed suture is safe and effective for ensuring minimal regression of the soft tissue. This study also demonstrated that the Smartlipo 1064-nm laser is a safe and effective platform to combine with face-lifts.
Facial Nerve Palsy following Mandibular Setback: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Surpure Sudheer , Romney Gregory , Desai Nikhil
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Mandibular prognathism is a common dentofacial deformity that is often treated with orthognathic surgery (jaw straightening or corrective jaw surgery). The two most common types of operations to correct mandibular prognathism are the mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and/or the intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO). Although there are other surgeries that exist to correct this type of deformity, the BSSO and IVRO are the most commonly used treatment options. The advantages and disadvantages to each of these procedures are generally well documented in the literature. However, facial nerve palsy is an infrequent and less commonly reported complication of these two types of surgeries. We provide a case report of one such instance of total unilateral facial nerve palsy following mandibular BSSO.

Materials and Methods:

A 20-year-old man with mandibular prognathism underwent mandibular setback surgery via a bilateral mandibular sagittal split osteotomy. His surgery was complicated by a right-sided mandibular buccal plate fracture intraoperatively and a severe unilateral right-sided cranial nerve VII palsy postoperatively.

Results:

While still admitted to the hospital, the patient was noted to have a right-sided palsy of all branches of the facial nerve. This facial nerve palsy continued to persist on an outpatient basis, although the patient ultimately had full resolution of his right-sided facial nerve palsy at 10 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:

The complication of facial nerve palsy may be devastating to a patient, especially when the procedure is deemed elective. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, facial nerve palsy secondary to mandibular surgery is most likely related to the close proximity of the field of operation to the anatomy of the facial nerve. This assumption is supported by the lack of documented cases of facial nerve palsy from maxillary orthognathic surgery. Although rare, the authors feel that the risk of facial nerve injury should be discussed with the patient when mandibular surgery is planned.
Microfocused Ultrasound for Management of Facial Nodules from Illegal Fillers
Authors: Martin John J.
Published: November 2015

Liquid injectable silicone has been used for soft-tissue augmentation for many decades. This has been a controversial practice within the medical community because of the frequent complications that can occur with silicone injections, including death. Even more worrisome is the use of industrial-grade silicone combined with other products that are now being injected in large volumes by nonmedical practitioners, which can migrate and cause a multitude of both cosmetic and medical complications. These include granulomas, chronic local and systemic inflammation, inflammatory pulmonary disease, blindness, silicone embolus, and death. The following case report will discuss the devastating cosmetic complications that can occur with black-market filler injections and new methods for treating these patients. Use of microfocused ultrasound over the nodules has resulted in a dramatic decrease in the size of the lesions.
A Simple Paradigm in Facial Rejuvenation Greatly Improves Acceptance or “The Emoticon Effect”
Authors: Drehsen Christian
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Merely mimicking youth in an aging face can be elusive and controversial. Restoring the vitality, pleasantness, and fitness of the face (improving the expression). has been greatly rewarding for my patients. Holistic parameters are instilled in my approach to countering the negative societal responses to older faces. The objectives of this study were to (1) measure the social impact of focused facial rejuvenations and (2) validate the combination of original techniques used in this series.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty medical students were asked to rate, in term of “social acceptance/desirability,” a random mix of before-and-after photographs of 15 women, aged 45 to 75 years old, who had undergone facial rejuvenation.

Results:

A clear gain in social acceptance is demonstrated in after results.

Conclusions:

The marked increase in social acceptance after improving expression or “Emoticon effect” amply supports this simple paradigm in the planning of a facial rejuvenation. The combination of a vertical refresher lift, a modulated dual-plane brow lift (subcutaneous/subgaleal), and simultaneous sectional fat grafting has been instrumental in obtaining the desired results.
Malaria prevalence and incidence in an isolated, meso-endemic area of Mozambique
Authors: Charlwood Jacques Derek , Tomás Erzelia V.E. , Bragança Mauro , Cuamba Nelson , Alifrangis Michael , Stanton Michelle
Published: November 2015

Isolated areas, such as the 2 × 7 km peninsula of Linga Linga in Mozambique, are the places where malaria might be most easily eliminated. Currently available control strategies include long-lasting insecticidal bednets impregnated with pyrethroid insecticides (LLINs), rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for diagnosis and artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT) for treatment and these were applied on the peninsula. In 2007, following a census of the population and mapping of 500 households, five annual all-age prevalence surveys were conducted. Information on LLIN use, house construction, and animal ownership was obtained. A spatially structured generalized additive model indicated that malaria risk was greatest towards the northern end of the peninsula and that people living in houses with grass or thatch roofs had a greater risk of malaria than those living in houses with corrugated iron roofs. Incidence peaked nine weeks after rainfall (r2= 0.34,p= 0.0002). From 2009 incidence was measured at a centrally based project clinic. The proportion of under nine-year-old resident attendees diagnosed with malaria decreased significantly from 48% in 2009, to 35% in 2010 and 25% in 2011. At the same time, there was a shift in the peak age of cases from 1–4 year olds to 5–9 year olds. Nevertheless, in order to further reduce malaria transmission in an area such as Linga Linga, additional vector control measures need to be considered.
Formation of andesite melts and Ca‐rich plagioclase in the submarine Monowai volcanic system, Kermadec arc
Authors: Kemner Fabian , Haase Karsten M. , Beier Christoph , Krumm Stefan , Brandl Philipp A.
Published: November 2015

Andesites are typical rocks of island arcs and may either form by fractional crystallization processes or by mixing between a mafic and a felsic magma. Here we present new petrographic and geochemical data from lavas of the submarine Monowai volcanic system in the northern Kermadec island arc that display a continuous range in composition from basalt to andesite. Using petrology, major, trace, and volatile element data, we show that basaltic magmas mostly evolve to andesitic magmas by fractional crystallization. Our thermobarometric calculations indicate that the formation of the large caldera is related to eruption of basaltic‐andesitic to andesitic magmas from a magma reservoir in the deeper crust. Small variations in trace element ratios between the caldera and the large active cone imply a homogeneous mantle source. Contrastingly, resurgent dome melts of the caldera stagnated at shallower depths are more depleted and show a stronger subduction input than the other edifices. The Monowai basaltic glasses contain less than 1 wt % H2O and follow typical tholeiitic fractionation trends. High‐An plagioclase crystals observed in the Monowai lavas likely reflect mixing of H2O‐saturated melt batches with hot and dry tholeiitic, decompression melt batches. The result is a relatively H2O‐poor mafic magma at Monowai implying that partial melting of the mantle wedge is only partly due to the volatile flux and that adiabatic melting may play a significant role in the formation of the parental melts of the Monowai volcanic system and possibly other arc volcanoes.