bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Black Silicon via Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching—A Review
Authors: Arafat Mohammad Yasir , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Mahmood Ahmad Wafi Bin , Abdullah Fairuz , Nur-E-Alam Mohammad , Kiong Tiong Sieh , Amin Nowshad
Published: September 2021

The metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) technique is commonly employed for texturing the wafer surfaces when fabricating black silicon (BSi) solar cells and is considered to be a potential technique to improve the efficiency of traditional Si-based solar cells. This article aims to review the MACE technique along with its mechanism for Ag-, Cu- and Ni-assisted etching. Primarily, several essential aspects of the fabrication of BSi are discussed, including chemical reaction, etching direction, mass transfer, and the overall etching process of the MACE method. Thereafter, three metal catalysts (Ag, Cu, and Ni) are critically analyzed to identify their roles in producing cost-effective and sustainable BSi solar cells with higher quality and efficiency. The conducted study revealed that Ag-etched BSi wafers are more suitable for the growth of higher quality and efficiency Si solar cells compared to Cu- and Ni-etched BSi wafers. However, both Cu and Ni seem to be more cost-effective and more appropriate for the mass production of BSi solar cells than Ag-etched wafers. Meanwhile, the Ni-assisted chemical etching process takes a longer time than Cu but the Ni-etched BSi solar cells possess enhanced light absorption capacity and lower activity in terms of the dissolution and oxidation process than Cu-etched BSi solar cells.
Conceptual Frameworks for Assessing Climate Change Effects on Urban Areas: A Scoping Review
Authors: Klopfer Florian , Westerholt René , Gruehn Dietwald
Published: September 2021

Urban areas are amongst the most adversely affected regions by current and future climate change effects. One issue when it comes to measuring, for example, impacts, vulnerabilities, and resilience in preparation of adaptation action is the abundance of conceptual frameworks and associated definitions. Frequently, those definitions contradict each other and shift over time. Prominently, in the transition from the IPCC AR (International Panel on Climate Change Assessment Report) 4 to the IPCC AR 5, a number of conceptual understandings have changed. By integrating common concepts, the literature review presented intends to thoroughly investigate frameworks applied to assess climate change effects on urban areas, creating an evidence base for research and politically relevant adaptation. Thereby, questions concerning the temporal development of publication activity, the geographical scopes of studies and authors, and the dominant concepts as applied in the studies are addressed. A total of 50 publications is identified following screening titles, abstracts, and full texts successively based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Major findings derived from our literature corpus include a recently rising trend in the number of publications, a focus on Chinese cities, an imbalance in favor of authors from Europe and North America, a dominance of the concept of vulnerability, and a strong influence of the IPCC publications. However, confusion regarding various understandings remains. Future research should focus on mainstreaming and unifying conceptual frameworks and definitions as well as on conducting comparative studies.
Monitoring of Cardiac Output Using a New Smartphone Application (Capstesia) vs. Vigileo FloTrac System
Authors: Nisi Fulvio , Melchiorri Chiara , Di Grigoli Paola , Giustiniano Enrico , Cerutti Elisabetta , Rispoli Paolo , Balagna Roberto
Published: September 2021

(1) Background: We tested Capstesia against a reference system, Vigileo FloTrac, in patients undergoing major vascular surgery procedures. (2) Methods: Twenty-two adult patients (236 data pairs) were enrolled. Cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and related indexed parameters from the two monitoring systems were collected and compared at eleven time points during surgery. Intraclass correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and Bland–Altman plots with percentages of error were used. (3) Results: The interclass correlation coefficients for CO, SV, and SVR were 0.527 (95%CI 0.387 to 0.634), 0.580 (95%CI 0.454 to 0.676), and 0.609 (95%CI 0.495 to 0.698), respectively. In the Bland–Altman analysis, bias (and limits of agreement) of CO was 0.33 L min−1 (−2.44; 3.10), resulting in a percentage error of 61.91% for CO. For SV, it was 5.02 mL (−36.42; 46.45), with 57.19% of error. Finally, the bias (and limit of agreement) of SVR was −75.99 dyne sec cm−5 (−870.04; 718.06), resulting in an error of 69.94%. (4) Conclusions: Although promising, cost-effective, and easy to use, the moderate level of agreement with Vigileo and the high level of error make Capstesia unsuitable for use in the intraoperative setting of vascular surgery. Critical errors in acquisition or digitalization of the snap might have a strong impact on the accuracy and performance. Further standardization of the acquisition technique and improvements in the processing algorithm are needed.
Habeas Corpus: Argentinean Tourists Stranded
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 has doubtless generated a great negative impact in the tourism industry. The measures disposed by governments to contain the virus included strict lockdowns and the closure of borders and airspaces, without mentioning the imposition of social distancing. As a result of this, thousands of tourists were stranded abroad, without food or financial assistance. The recovery of the industry is slow, and gradually Europe and the US have returned to a new normal. In Argentina, rather, things have become worse. At the end of June, President Fernandez disposed a new border closure that left thousands of Argentineans stranded again. This case report focuses on the testimonies, fears and expectancies of those stranded tourists.
Three-Dimensional Parameters of the Earth-Impacting CMEs Based on the GCS Model
Authors: Zhong Zhihui , Shen Chenglong , Mao Dongwei , Chi Yutian , Xu Mengjiao , Liu Jiayi , Wang Yuming
Published: September 2021

When a CME arrives at the Earth, it will interact with the magnetosphere, sometimes causing hazardous space weather events. Thus, the study of CMEs which arrived at Earth (hereinafter, Earth-impacting CMEs) has attracted much attention in the space weather and space physics communities. Previous results have suggested that the three-dimensional parameters of CMEs play a crucial role in deciding whether and when they reach Earth. In this work, we use observations from the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) to study the three-dimensional parameters of 71 Earth-impacting CMEs from the middle of 2008 to the end of 2012. We find that the majority Earth-impacting CMEs originate from the region of [30S,30N] × [40E,40W] on the solar disk; Earth-impacting CMEs are more likely to have a central propagation angle (CPA) no larger than half-angular width, a negative correlation between velocity and acceleration, and propagation time is inversely related to velocity. Based on our findings, we develop an empirical statistical model to forecast the arrival time of the Earth-impacting CME. Also included is a comparison between our model and the aerodynamic drag model.
Poor Vaccine Effectiveness against Influenza B-Related Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in a Temperate North Indian State (2019–2020): A Call for Further Data for Possible Vaccines with Closer Match
Authors: Mir Hyder , Haq Inaamul , Koul Parvaiz A.
Published: September 2021

Background: Influenza vaccine uptake in India is poor, and scant data exist regarding the effectiveness of influenza vaccine against hospitalization. Methods: From October 2019 to March 2020, vaccination status of 1219 patients (males n = 571, aged 5–107 years; median, 50 years) hospitalized with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) was assessed. The patients were tested for influenza viruses and their subtypes by RT PCR. Sequencing of the HA gene was performed. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza subtypes was estimated by the test negative design. Results: A total of 336 (27.5%) patients were influenza-positive, with influenza B/Victoria accounting for 49.7% (n = 167), followed by influenza A/H1N1 (47.6%; n = 155) and influenza A/H3N2 (4.4%; n = 15). About 6.8% and 8.6% of the influenza-positive and influenza-negative patients, respectively, had been vaccinated. Adjusted VE for any influenza strain was 13% (95% CI −42 to 47), which for influenza B was 0%. HA sequencing revealed that influenza B samples mainly belonged to subclade V1A.3/133R with deletion of residues 163–165, as against the 2-aa deletion in influenza B/Colorado/06/2017 strain, contained in the vaccine. VE for influenza A/H1N1 was 55%. Conclusions: Poor VE due to a genetic mismatch between the circulating strain and the vaccine strain calls for efforts to reduce the mismatch.
COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Comprehensive Review of Their Safety and Efficacy in Special Populations
Authors: Yan Zhipeng , Yang Ming , Lai Ching-Lung
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 has been spreading worldwide since late 2019. There is no definitive cure to date. Global vaccination programs are urgently required to confer herd immunity, reducing the incidence of COVID-19 infections and associated morbidity and mortality. However, a significant proportion of special populations are hesitant to receive vaccination due to their special conditions, namely, age (pediatrics and geriatrics), immunocompromised state, autoimmune diseases, chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions, active or treated cancers, and pregnancy. This review aims to evaluate the existing evidence of COVID-19 vaccinations on these special populations and to provide clues to guide vaccination decision making to balance the benefits and risks of vaccinations.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Main Stakeholders towards Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Vaccination in Mombasa and Tana-River Counties in Kenya: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Njuguna Diana Wangeshi , Mahrouseh Nour , Isowamwen Osarugue Victory , Varga Orsolya
Published: September 2021

Following a successful Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination pilot in 2013–2015 in Kitui county, Kenya introduced the HPV vaccine in October 2019 with a goal to immunize approximately 800,000 girls annually against HPV. Our study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of affected groups towards HPV infection and vaccination in two counties of Kenya. Semi-structured interviews from children aged between nine and thirteen years and key informants comprising of parents, head teachers, community leaders and health workers involved in HPV vaccination in health facilities from Mombasa and Tana-River counties were conducted. Content was analyzed thematically and coded for emerging themes using the QRS Nvivo 12 Plus (QRS International, Doncaster, Australia) software package. From our findings, a significant proportion of participants, especially children, have limited knowledge of the subject. Vaccination of boys was opposed by most participants. Parents and the community members are not in favor of HPV vaccination, as compared to the other groups. A similar pattern of inadequate knowledge and strongly opposed attitudes was observed in Tana-River and Mombasa. Active community involvement in primary prevention strategies may promote the uptake of the vaccine which can be achieved by robust awareness, modifying the negative beliefs about HPV vaccine and encouraging the perceptibility of HPV vaccination.
Evaluation of the Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Xenologous Membranes Derived from Bubaline Blood in Canine Periodontal Defects
Authors: Banyatworakul Poranee , Osathanon Thanaphum , Kalpravidh Chanin , Pavasant Prasit , Pirarat Nopadon
Published: September 2021

Periodontal disease is the most common oral disease in dogs. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is widely utilized to facilitate soft and hard tissue healing and has been proposed in periodontal healing in small animal treatment. However, the quality and amount of autologous PRF is compromised in animals with systemic diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of xenologous bubaline blood-derived PRF (bPRF) on periodontal tissue healing in canine periodontal defects. Split-mouth design was employed in twenty dogs diagnosed with periodontal disease. The defects were divided randomly into two groups: the open-flap debridement (OFD)-treated group and the OFD with bPRF (OFD+bPRF) application group. Results demonstrated that gingival index and periodontal probing depth decreased significantly in the OFD+bPRF group compared with those treated with OFD alone. Application of bPRF in periodontal defects also promoted fibrous tissue formation, as confirmed by the marked increase in fibrosis score. bPRF application significantly increased COL1A1 and PDGFB mRNA levels at day 14 compared with the baseline. Taking this evidence together, bPRF provided a favorable therapeutic modality in canine periodontal defects. bPRF could be an alternative biomaterial for the treatment of periodontal defects in dogs.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN ABORTUS DI RSU MUHAMMADIYAH MEDAN TAHUN 2020
Authors: Siregar Siti Arofah , Saragih Rapida
Published: September 2021

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15-50% of maternal deaths are caused by abortion. Data shows the possibility of a fairly high percentage, approximately 15-40% the number of known occurrences on mothers who already stated positively pregnant, and 60-75% of abortion occurs before the pregnancy reaches 12 weeks. This research investigates the relationship between the mother’s characteristics with the abortion case in the RSU Muhammadiyah. The investigation was conducted in a cross-sectional analysis. The population is 42 mothers who experienced abortion in the RSU Muhammadiyah based on medical record year 2020. Statistical analysis using chi-square with the p-value of age, parity, and education parameters are 0,002, 0.017, and 0.004 respectively. This data showed that there was a relationship between age, parity, and education with abortion cases in RSU Muhammadiyah Medan. This report might be useful for the government and stakeholders in controlling the abortion case in Medan.
Dramaturgia da alimentação: nutrição, gastronomia e saúde como produtos de comunicação audiovisual
Authors:   , Pinto Tânia Bicalho
Published: September 2021

Temas relacionados à alimentação, em audiovisual, possuem linguagem e organizações narrativas próprias e por meio delas podem levar conhecimento, informação e entretenimento sobre nutrição, gastronomia e saúde. Neste estudo o foco é a utilização de uma estrutura dramatúrgica particular, realizada por chefs e apresentadores, que conceituamos como dramaturgia da alimentação, proposta em analogia à dramaturgia do telejornalismo. Este trabalho investiga, por meio da Análise da Materialidade Audiovisual – AMA, a dramaturgia audiovisual da alimentação como estratégia narrativa empregada por Rita Lobo, na série Rita Help! Me ensina a cozinhar na quarentena! Metodologia desenvolvida pela professora Iluska Coutinho (2016) e em uso nos trabalhos do grupo de pesquisa Núcleo de Jornalismo e Audiovisual (NJA/ PPGCOM-UFJF), a AMA tem como referência compreender e analisar a estrutura dos audiovisuais considerando, entre outros aspectos, elementos da dramaturgia do telejornalismo (COUTINHO, 2003). O estudo tem como recorte empírico os 32 episódios que compõem a serie Rita, Help! Me ensina a cozinhar na Quarentena! gravada e produzida em 2020, na casa da apresentadora Rita Lobo, em função da quarentena necessária como forma de enfrentamento da COVID 19. Este trabalho buscou evidenciar como ocorre a atuação dos alimentos – e seu eventual protagonismo – na dramaturgia da alimentação realizada na série. Para tanto, realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica com diálogos interdisciplinares entre estudos de mídia, audiovisual, nutrição, saúde, gastronomia, identidade e cultura alimentar brasileira. Em seguida houve levantamento documental e pesquisa empírica, com análise de produtos em vídeo por meio da Análise da Materialidade Audiovisual.
Ensino sobre quedas: utilizando quadrinhos como ferramenta lúdica
Authors:   , Silva Marcos Jacob da
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho visa mostrar a criação, a aplicação e as conclusões de uma sequência didática, abordando como tema principal a queda dos graves, na superfície terrestre. Ao abordar esse tema, a sequência intenciona auxiliar a formação de cidadãos críticos na sociedade, vislumbrando a ciência como uma construção humana e superando possíveis conceitos aristotélicos que os alunos possam carregar consigo. Com essa finalidade, foi utilizada uma série de pequenas histórias em quadrinhos, que foram criadas para a sequência didática. Para o funcionamento de tal sequência, estabeleceu-se como fundamentos teóricos a taxionomia de Blomm (a fim de se criar seus objetivos), a aprendizagem significativa descrita por Ausubel (para entender a forma como uma pessoa consegue aprender), a história e a filosofia da ciência (como ferramenta que possibilita a formação de um cidadão crítico na sociedade). Além disso, foram utilizadas as ferramentas computacionais como o Tracker e o Pixton, que serviram, respectivamente, para fazer simulações e para criar os quadrinhos. O trabalho não pôde ser aprimorado através de uma nova abordagem em sala, mas alcançou os objetivos aos quais almejava.
As avaliações internas em uma escola estadual de Ensino Médio no Ceará: a progressão parcial e progressão final em foco
Authors:   , Araújo Francisco Elton Moreira
Published: September 2021

A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O presente trabalho surgiu de um caso de gestão verificado na prática profissional do autor, na escola em que atua. O estudo de caso nos levou à investigação, análise e debate, da situação de baixo rendimento nas avaliações bimestrais internas, observadas no quadriênio 2016-2019. Diante do exposto, traçamos como objetivo principal a análise e identificação dos fatores que estão levando a esse baixo rendimento no transcorrer dos anos letivos. Para alcançarmos esse objetivo, realizamos uma investigação com pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de instrumentos de coleta de dados, aplicando-se entrevistas estruturadas junto aos gestores da escola e ao superintendente que acompanha a escola e aplicando-se questionário aos professores. Apresentamos um levantamento das políticas educacionais desenvolvidas na rede estadual de ensino cearense e os dados educacionais alcançados. Descrevemos o contexto da escola, a análise dos dados e outras informações relevantes, como também usamos referências para dialogar com essa análise. Foram utilizados trabalhos sobre gestão pedagógica, práticas pedagógicas e reprovação, como também de outros aspectos que surgiram durante a pesquisa. Essa análise nos permitiu identificar causas que levam ao baixo rendimento observado, sendo as principais: a ausência de um planejamento pedagógico sistemático e organizado que resultam na ausência de práticas pedagógicas atraentes ao aprendizado dos alunos; dificuldade da escola em realizar práticas de reforço escolar, recuperações e progressão parcial; e constantes infrequências em decorrência do transporte escolar. Perante o contexto observado, elaboramos e apresentamos um plano de ações baseado na implantação e execução de rotinas escolares essenciais, porém ausentes. Como também ações com práticas em que se faz uso de novas tecnologias digitais aplicadas à educação e de ensino híbrido, ações essas com o intuito de melhorar os rendimentos.
A política de fomento à educação científica do estado do Ceará: análise do Ceará Científico a partir da sua execução pelos técnicos da SEDUC, CREDEs e SEFOR
Authors:   , Rocha Daniel Vasconcelos
Published: September 2021

A presente dissertação é desenvolvida no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso de gestão a ser estudado analisa o Ceará Científico - A política de fomento à educação científica do estado do Ceará - a partir da sua execução pelos Técnicos da Secretaria da Educação do estado do Ceará (SEDUC), Coordenadorias Regionais de Desenvolvimento da Educação (CREDEs) e Superintendência das Escolas Estaduais de Fortaleza (SEFOR). O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a execução da política do Ceará Científico (CC) pelas CREDEs e SEFOR. Assumimos como hipótese, que a SEDUC descentraliza suas ações, programas e projetos em suas sedes administrativas distribuídas por macrorregiões (regionais), denominadas CREDE e a SEFOR, na qual cada regional possui autonomia parcial na adequação do que é proposto e desenvolvido pela equipe técnica da SEDUC (sede), podendo executar de maneira diferente o CC. Como metodologia, utilizamos a pesquisa documental, reunindo os documentos que embasam a política do CC na rede estadual no período de 2007 a 2018; aplicamos questionários aos professores que estavam em função técnica conduzindo a política do CC na SEDUC (sede), nas CREDE e na SEFOR (sede); e realizamos a análise interpretativa dos questionários aplicados, comparando o que é proposto pelos documentos-base da política do CC, com o que é realmente executado nas regionais da rede cearense. Constatamos os motivos das diferentes execuções do Ceará Científico na rede estadual. Após evidenciar e elencar as diferenças na execução do CC nas regionais, elaboramos o Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE) com sugestões de ações para a consolidação da política do CC na rede estadual.
Фотоэдс на поверхности сильнолегированного p-GaAs с адсорбированными слоями
цезия и кислорода
Authors: Хорошилов В.С. , Протопопов Д.Е. , Казанцев Д.М.
Published: September 2021

Уменьшение изгиба зон из-за поверхностной фотоэдс лежит в основе работы фотоприемников на
барьерах Шоттки и влияет на работу p
+
-GaAs(Cs,О)-фотокатодов с отрицательным электронным
сродством (ОЭС). Ранее фотоэдс на поверхности p-GaAs(Cs,O) изучалась бесконтактным методом
фотоотражения на UP+
-структурах с тонким (≈ 100 нм) нелегированным слоем [1] и на образцах с
умеренным уровнем легирования p  3×1017 см-3
[2]. При больших концентрациях дырок, определение
фотоэдс этим методом затруднено из-за малой величины сигнала фотоотражения.
Исследование температурной зависимости границ спектральной характеристики
чувствительности фотомодулей на основе КРТ
Authors: Ковшов В.С. , Никонов А.В. , Болтарь К.О.
Published: September 2021

Повышение требований к тактико-техническим характеристикам оптико-электронных систем ИКдиапазона, наблюдаемое в последнее десятилетие, является катализатором для непрерывного
совершенствования и оптимизации технологии изготовления современных фотоприемных устройств.
Особые требования предъявляются в первую очередь к полупроводниковым материалам и
соединениям на их основе, используемым для изготовления фоточувствительных элементов.
Фотомодули на основе гетероэпитаксиальных структур тройных соединений кадмий-ртуть-теллур
(КРТ) стабильно занимают широкую область рынка изделий фотоэлектроники [1, 2]. Вместе с тем,
перед разработчиками стоит вопрос совершенствования технологии изготовления таких фотомодулей.
Фотоприемные устройства на основе InGaAs
Authors: Яковлева Н.И. , Бурлаков И.Д. , Болтарь К.О.
Published: September 2021

Представлены результаты исследований матричных фотоприемных устройств (ФПУ) на основе
тройных соединений InGaAs коротковолнового ИК диапазона спектра формата 320х256 элементов с
шагом 30 мкм и 640х512 элементов с шагом 15 мкм, работающих в пассивном и активно-импульсном
режимах реального времени [1]. Важной функциональной возможностью ФПУ формата 320х256
является функционирование в четырех режимах реального времени: пассивном 2D; активном 2D с
заданной глубиной по дальности; активно-импульсном 3D (дальномерном); асинхронном бинарном
для обнаружения внешних лазерных излучателей [2].
Конструкция и особенности изготовления детектора одиночных фотонов на базе
лавинного фотодиода InP/InGaAs/InP для квантовых коммуникаций
Authors: Преображенский В. В. , Чистохин И. Б. , Путято М. А.
Published: September 2021

Однофотонные лавинные фотодиоды (ОЛФД) на основе гетероструктуры InP/InGaAs/InP
обеспечивают поглощение на длине волны 1.55 мкм и применяются в волоконно-оптических линиях
связи для реализации систем однофотонной квантовой криптографии.
Для создания ОЛФД нами были проведены следующие работы: разработка конструкции и
проектирование топологии ОЛФД на основе гетероструктуры InP/InGaAs/InP, технологического
маршрута его изготовления методами планарной технологии, способа и условий проведения локальной
диффузии цинка с целью получения заданного профиля распределения примеси p-типа и толщины
области лавинного умножения, методов контроля параметров отдельных слоев гетероструктуры и
ОЛФД в целом.
ИК поглощение света на оптических фононах наноструктур AlN с нанометровым
пространственным разрешением
Authors: Аникин К.В. , Милёхин И.А. , Милёхин А.Г.
Published: September 2021

Сообщается об исследовании фононного спектра одиночных наноструктур AlN с помощью ИК
спектроскопии с пространственным разрешением в несколько десятков нанометров.
В работе исследовались два типа образцов: (1)- вертикально стоящие гексагональные наноколонны
AlN с латеральным размером около 300 нм и высотой 25 нм, сформированные методом аммиачной
молекулярно-лучевой эпитаксии на поверхности слоя AlN на кремниевой подложке, (ось с
перпендикулярна плоскости образа) и (2)- наноколонны AlN диаметром около 200 нм. и длиной до
нескольких нанометров, лежащие на поверхности золота (ось с направлена вдоль поверхности
образца), полученные эпитаксией из газовой фазы.
Российские квантовые каскадные лазеры ТГц диапазона
Authors: Гавриленко В.И. , Хабибуллин Р.А.
Published: September 2021

Как известно, идея создания источника излучения, основанного на последовательном испускании
фотонов электроном в структуре множественных квантовых ям, получившего впоследствии название
квантового каскадного лазера (ККЛ), была высказана в СССР еще в 1971 г. [1], однако потребовалось
более 20 лет для реализации первого ККЛ, работающего в среднем ИК диапазоне [2]. Первый ККЛ ТГц
диапазона был представлен в 2002 г. в совместной работе нескольких европейских групп [3].
Различные российские группы благодаря сотрудничеству с зарубежными коллегами участвовали в
исследовании ТГц ККЛ и развивали методики их практических приложений. Первый полностью
российский ТГц ККЛ был продемонстрирован лишь в 2017 г. в совместной работе научных
коллективов из Санкт-Петербурга, Москвы и Н.Новгорода [4]. В докладе буден сделан обзор прогресса
в конструировании, выращивании, постростовых технологиях и исследованиях ТГц ККЛ, проводимых
консорциумом российских организаций в сотрудничестве с коллегами из Белорусского
госуниверситета. Разработана модель расчета вольт-амперных и мощностных характеристик ККЛ ТГц
диапазона, учитывающая эффекты дефазировки на процессы переноса носителей заряда [5].
Применительно к установке молекулярно-пучковой эпитаксии (МПЭ) Riber 21 отработана технология
роста структур с квантовыми ямами GaAs/AlGaAs для ТГц ККЛ с учетом изменения температур
источников галлия и алюминия в процессе длительного (~10 час.) роста образцов с толщинами
активных областей около 10 мкм. Высокое кристаллическое качество структур подтверждено
методами рентгеноструктурного анализа и просвечивающей электронной микроскопии [6].
Исследованы спектры модовых потерь в ТГц ККЛ с волноводами типа металл-металл на основе Au,
Cu и Ag. Показано, что использование волновода на основе Ag позволяет снизить потери на 2-4 см-1 по
сравнению с традиционно используемым волноводом на основе Au [7,8]. Оптимизирован дизайн ККЛ
с 3 квантовыми ямами GaAs/Al0.15Ga0.85As в каскаде с депопуляцией нижнего лазерного уровня за счет
резонансного испускания оптических фононов с расчетной рабочей температурой свыше 200 K.
Выращена и спроцессирована структура такого ККЛ, продемонстрировавшая генерацию на частоте 3.4
ТГц с максимальной рабочей температурой (в импульсном режиме) свыше 130 K [6]. Разработан
дизайн активной области ТГц ККЛ (3 ТГц) с двумя квантовыми ямами GaAs/Al0.4Ga0.6As в каскаде с Zобразным профилем потенциала с максимальной расчетной рабочей температурой 300 К.
Экситоны и трионы в оптическом отклике двумерных кристаллов
Authors: Глазов М.М.
Published: September 2021

В данном докладе приводится обзор основных экситонных эффектов в атомарно-тонких кристаллах
на основе дихалькогенидов переходных металлов. Особое внимание уделено новым эффектам,
присущим именно этим экстремально-двумерным системам, включая управление радиационным
временем жизни экситона и временем его спиновой релаксации за счет изменения окружения монослоя, формирование трионов – трехчастичных комплексов – за счет взаимодействия экситонов с
резидентными носителями заряда, фононные каскады с участием экситонов, а также проявления
межслоевых экситонов в нелинейном оптическом отклике таких систем. Теоретические модели
эффектов сопоставляются с данными экспериментов.
Резонансные оптические покрытия, состоящие из массивов частиц SiGe и Ge на
подложках Si
Authors: Шкляев А. А.
Published: September 2021

Экспериментальные работы в области изучения эффективности оптоэлектронных элементов часто опережаются теоретическими исследованиями.
Взаимодействие ЭМ волн с диэлектрическими частицами субволнового размера не имеет простой
интерпретации для описания спектров отражения и пропускания. Единственным простым оценочным
соотношением является формула m=nd, где m – длина волны магнитного дипольного резонанса, n –
показатель преломления материала частицы и d – диаметр частицы. Была показано, что эта формула с
высокой точностью выполняется для сферических частиц в среде воздуха. Для расчётов более сложных
случаев могут быть использованы коммерческие программные пакеты.
Böbrek Hücrelerinin Elde Edilmesinde Üç Farklı Primer Kültür Yönteminin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: PEHLİVAN Melek , VATANSEVER Seda , ÇERÇİ Burcu , AKOĞULLARI Damla , İLBEY Yusuf Özlem , PİRİM İbrahim
Published: September 2021

Giriş: Böbrek hücrelerinin elde edilmesinde kullanılan primer kültür yöntemi, böbrek hastalıklarının hücre düzeyinde değerlendirilmesi ve hücre fonksiyonlarının incelenmesi için olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı böbrek primer kültürü için kullanılabilecek üç farklı izolasyon yönteminin hücre sağkalımı ve protol etkinliği açısından birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmasıdır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Nefrektomi ile çıkarılan böbrek dokusu steril şartlarda mekanik, tripsin ve kollagenaz yöntemi ile ayrımlanarak podosit vasatı içerisinde kültüre edildi. Kültüre edilen hücrelerin podosin, vimentin, E-kaderin, TGF-β1, CD133, ZO-1 ve Nefrin dağılımlarının analizi immünositokimyasal yöntem ile yapıldı.

Bulgular: Kollajenaz enzimatik yöntemi sonrasında hücrelerin kültürün 7. gününden itibaren, mekanik yöntemde ise 13. günden itibaren epiteloid karakter aldıkları gözlenirken, tripsin enzimatik yönteminde 13. günde kültürde artan fuziform yapıdaki hücreler gözlendi. Her üç yöntem ile böbrek dokusundan elde edilen podosit hücrelerin immunositokimyasal analizi sonrasında, elde edilen hücrelerde vimentin, E-kaderin, TGF-β, CD133, ZO-1 immunoreaktiviteleri farklılık gösterir iken, podosin ve nefrin immunoreaktivitelerinin kollajenaz enzimatik yöntemi ile elde edilen hücrelerde kuvvetli olduğu saptandı.

Tartışma: Bu çalışmada, farklı proteinlerin immunositokimyasal boyamaları ile kontrol edilen böbrek hücreleri için üç farklı primer kültür teknikleri karşılaştırıldığında, kollajenaz ile muamele edilen böbrek dokusundan daha yüksek verimle hücre saflaştırılabildiği gözlendi. Podosit hücrelerinin kültüre edilmesinde hücre sağkalım verimi ve protokol etkinliği açısından kollajenaz yönteminin en uygun yöntem olduğu gösterildi.
Co-designing to Improve Practice in Treating Urinary Tract Infections: a case study of reducing inappropriate antibiotic treatment
Authors: Noël Guillermina , Pasay Daren , Campbell-Scherer Denise , Saxinger Lynora
Published: September 2021

Although co-design has made important contributions to practice in many fields, healthcare has only recently employed it for shaping best practices. This paper explores an aspect of medical practice that challenges many hospitals: the decision-making process for ordering urine testing and the use of antibiotics, specifically, in treating Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB). The case investigates how physicians and nurses make decisions about testing urine for infection and the use of antibiotics. To explore the issue, the researchers conducted three co-design workshops to (1) uncover the medical decision-making process in ordering urine testing and treating UTI and ASB, (2) determine the needs of clinicians as they make such decisions, and (3) collectively design a decision aid that would fit users’ cognitive, emotional and physical needs. The case shows how human-centered design approach led to an evidence-based decision-making tool – guiding clinicians to improve their practices by reconsidering when and if to order urine testing and prescribe antibiotics.
Fluctuación poblacional de insectos plaga y su relación con el rendimiento de grano en 16 genotipos de maíz amarillo duro (Zea mays L.) en el distrito de Campo Verde, Ucayali, Perú
Authors: Huanuqueño Elías , Tió Grecia , Romero Cristian , Joyo German , Hinojosa Yennifer
Published: September 2021

Se evaluó la fluctuación de insectos plagas en 16 genotipos de maíz, se analizó la relación entre el número de insectos y el rendimiento de grano, y se identificaron las plagas más importantes para las condiciones del distrito de Campo Verde en Pucallpa, región Ucayali. 16 genotipos de maíz amarillo duro fueron evaluados bajo el diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones; cada parcela tuvo 72 plantas sembradas a una densidad de 62.500 plantas por hectárea. El experimento se realizó en el distrito de Campo Verde, provincia de Coronel Portillo, departamento de Ucayali, Perú. Mediante el muestreo sistemático de plagas, se tomaron 15 plantas por genotipo al azar en las que se contaron los insectos presentes en ellas. En total, se realizaron 12 evaluaciones a los 10, 18, 26, 34, 41, 48, 54, 62, 69, 75, 84 y 96 días después de la siembra (dds). Seis plagas de un total de siete fueron obtenidas con más frecuencia durante el ciclo del cultivo, las que se identificaron como: Dalbulus maidis (De Long y Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Diabrotica viridula (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Empoasca kraemeri (Ross y Moore) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Oliarus spp. (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) y Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). En promedio, de las 12 evaluaciones realizadas sobre los 16 genotipos, cuatro fueron los momentos en los que se registró el mayor número de insectos por planta (26, 34, 54 y 96 dds). Las líneas de regresión resultaron no ser significativas; sin embargo, es evidente la relación negativa entre el número de insectos y el rendimiento de grano. Aparentemente, las tres plagas más importantes serían: S. frugiperda, seguida de D. maidis y D. viridula, ya que sin estas plagas el rendimiento promedio de los 16 genotipos subiría de 2,16 t/ha a 3,1; 2,98 y 2,81 t/ha, respectivamente.
ESTUDO DE VIABILIDADE TÉCNICA E ECONÔMICA DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA FOTOVOLTAICO EM UMA RESIDÊNCIA EM PALMARES-PE
Authors: Lau de Melo Paulo Eduardo , de Souza Queiroz Evandro
Published: September 2021

The growing attention to environmental and energy issues led to the search for renewable energy sources, which is gaining more and more space. In this context, photovoltaic solar energy is considered one of the most promising because it has advantages, such as ease of operation, possibility of integration in buildings, low level of proliferation during an operation and great potential for power generation in Brazil. Therefore, this work aims at a proposal to implement a photovoltaic system connected to the grid (On-grid) as an alternative to reduce the cost of energy consumption in a residence in the municipality of Palmares-PE. For the dimensioning of the photovoltaic system it was considered the monthly energy consumption of the residence and an irradiation of the place. Finally, a cost analysis was carried out to implement the system, which revealed that the use of this energy is economical and feasible. The solar generation capacity was projected at 6,27 kWp. The value of the project was R $ 32,049.98 and the payback period was 3 years and 8 months. Considering a Minimum Attractiveness Rate (TMA) of 6.5%, the NPV was R $ 225,707.88 and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the system was a percentage of 43.55%.
Control interno y gestión financiera. Caso: Agencia de Viaje Global Tours S.A.C. Miraflores, 2021
Authors: Carbajal-Chávez Carlos Guillermo
Published: September 2021

La investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar si el control interno influye en la gestión financiera de la agencia de viaje Global Tours S.A.C – Miraflores, 2021. Metodológicamente de tipo de investigación descriptiva correlacional. De la aplicación del estadístico de prueba R de Pearson el resultado de Comparación se muestra con un índice de 0, 983 puntos, ósea 98.3%, con un índice de libertad de ,017 o 1,7%, con lo que validamos nuestra hipótesis alterna que sugiere que el control interno influye directa y significativamente en la gestión financiera de la agencia de viaje Global Tours S.A.C – Miraflores, 2021. Las organizaciones con mayores niveles de calidad disponen de lineamientos y estructuras de seguridad para asegurar el procedimiento de obtención del recurso financiero.
Proyecto "Voces desde el confinamiento: paisaje sonoro de Sevilla"
Authors: Galera Núñez María del Mar , Guichot Muñoz Elena
Published: September 2021

El vídeo surgió en plena cuarentena, resultado de una mezcla de sentimientos: desconcierto, miedo y melancolía hacia todos aquellos momentos que vivimos en el día a día de nuestra ciudad y que tan especiales son para los sevillanos. Eso sí, sin perder la esperanza de volver a la normalidad y reencontrarnos con nuestra gente, nuestra tierra y nuestras raíces con más ganas que nunca.

En "Voces desde el confinamiento" los alumnos y alumnas del Máster de Necesidades Específicas Educativas, realizaron un trabajo de introspección en el que se preguntaron: ¿cómo me siento? ¿qué es lo que siento?. En base a las respuestas a dichas preguntas, escribieron un pequeño texto en el que trataron de reflejar lo que sentían. El resultado plasmó, a través de imágenes, sonidos y la calidad de las voces; todo aquello que hervía en su interior durante el confinamiento domiciliario que fue instaurado por el Gobierno Español durante el estado de alarma de 2020.
Entre combativos y represores
Authors:   , Mónaco César
Published: September 2021

El objeto de la tesis son los trabajadores metalúrgicos de San Nicolás y su organización sindical, la seccional local de la Unión Obrera Metalúrgica, bajo un recorte temporal que abarca los años sesenta y setenta del siglo pasado. En ella sostengo como hipótesis que entre 1965 y 1983 esta seccional desarrolló y consolidó un poder gremial basado en el control interno de la organización y en una protagónica participación en la política local. Bajo el contexto histórico en cuestión, esto propició la obturación de expresiones de radicalización política entre los trabajadores, como también incidió, durante la última dictadura militar, en el bajo índice represivo de las fuerzas estatales sobre el colectivo obrero de SOMISA.
Variabilidad de la presión arterial en pacientes normotensos bajo anestesia local previa y post a la exodoncia
Authors:   , Ricciardi Nicolás
Published: September 2021

Un procedimiento quirúrgico suele resultar estresante para los pacientes. La ansiedad, el dolor y la anestesia local pueden producir una variación de la presión arterial. La hipertensión arterial constituye un relevante problema de salud por su alta incidencia y factor de riesgo cardiovascular en las poblaciones. En la ciencia odontológica reconocer la fisiología del sistema cardiovascular, los diferentes eventos del ciclo cardiaco y sus variaciones como hipertensión en pacientes que requieren exodoncia, constituye una línea de estudio de interés apoyada entre otros factores, en las estadísticas referentes a la incidencia de pacientes que padecen de hipertensión arterial. La evaluación de la presión arterial pre quirúrgica es de valor significativo ya que teniendo en cuenta que la hipertensión es una enfermedad en la cual los pacientes suelen permanecer inicialmente asintomáticos y no son conscientes de su problema; el odontólogo puede desarrollar un rol importante en la detección de la misma, con el fin de poder tomar todos los recaudos necesarios durante el acto quirúrgico, evaluando la interconsulta médica de ser necesario. La hipertensión crónica no tratada está asociada a una morbilidad y mortalidad significativa. La evaluación de la presión arterial post quirúrgica requiere un control de gran importancia ya que la elevación de la presión arterial puede ocasionar lesiones de carácter irreversibles en los órganos dianas (ojos, riñones, cerebro y corazón). El diagnostico de hipertensión en la práctica odontológico conlleva a la toma de decisiones terapéuticas individuales evaluando los factores de riesgo. Objetivos: - Analizar la variación de la presión arterial pre y post exodoncia en pacientes normotensos. Hipótesis: Se parte de la hipótesis de que existe variación de la presión arterial pre y post exodoncia en pacientes normotensos en tratamiento bajo anestesia local y estrés quirúrgico. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio y como resultado de la variación de los valores de la presión arterial, se establece la necesidad de realizar investigaciones que tengan en cuenta los valores de todos los signos vitales y parámetros hemodinámicos en pacientes normotensos durante un procedimiento de cirugía bucal ambulatorios. Se recomienda realizar una correcta historia clínica como preoperatorio y un monitoreo de la presión arterial en pacientes normotensos al igual que los hipertensos sometidos a exodoncias dentales.
Water Quality in the Uchinsk Reservoir Discharge in the Period of Spring Blooming of Diatomic Algae
Authors:   Vorozhun I.M.
Published: September 2021

Specific features of the Uchinsk reservoir discharge during the diatomic algae spring blooming period in years with different temperature, hydro/chemical and hydro/dynamic conditions have been investigated. It has been shown that the blooming terms depend on water temperature in the reservoir while wind velocity and direction cause variations of algae amount in the discharge. Total level of the diatomic algae development depends on hydro/chemical conditions, in particular, on quantity of various forms of nitrogen and mineral phosphorous. The revealed regularities of the diatomic algae spring development peak formation enable to make a short-term forecast of quality for water being supplied for urban needs.
Photovoice as a Social Transformative Tool: Unpacking the Experiences of Immigrants and Refugees Living with HIV in Canada
Authors: Dhungel Dr. Rita
Published: September 2021

1026 immigrants and refugees tested positive for HIV (IRLWH) in Canada in 2018 (Haddad, et al, 2019). IRLWH experience discriminatory behaviors because of because of the immigration and HIV status; culturally appropriate supports and resources for IRLWH are lacking. Financial difficulties are experienced by many new immigrants, they may be unable to meet their health care or mental health needs, particularly if they are IRLWH (Chen et al., 2015). Language barriers, loss of social support and a lack of health coverage can impact the ability for IRLWH to access care (Rapid Response Service, 2014). There can be stigma surrounding HIV within the cultural community, impacting the level of support for IRLWH (Rapid Response Service, 2014). IRLWH experience mistreatment by service providers, lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate services, lack of awareness of local programs, unemployment and housing issues in Canada (Chen et al., 2015; Gatteri et al., 2020). To augment the limited extant knowledge on the challenges of IRLWH and based on the implications of a study that claimed the need for a further research exploring the voices of IRLWH using photovoice (Getteri, et.al., 2020), this community based photovoice study was designed with an aim to understand intersectional oppressions experienced by IRLWH across Alberta in general, with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic in particular from determinants of health perspectives.

Keywords: Immigrants and Refugees; HIV, Photovoice, Intersectional Violence, Mental Health
Technical Efficiency (TE) in Malaysia Electric and Electronic Manufacturing Industry: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) Approach
Authors: Hashim Norayati , Abdullah Mohd Fahmy
Published: September 2021

The Electric and Electronic (E&E) manufacturing industry is becoming more important for Malaysia economy that contributes to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provide huge in job creation. Hence, real GDP grew at an average rate of 6.1% per year over 1970 to 2018 period, higher than the average growth of the advanced countries (OECD Economic Surveys: Malaysia 2019, 2019). Furthermore, Malaysia is a major player in the fast-expanding E&E market, of which major export destinations include Singapore, Hong Kong, the USA, PRC, Japan and Europe. In 2019, 37.8% of Malaysia total exports were from E&E industry, which accounted for RM372.67 billion worth of exports or 44.7 per cent of all manufacturing goods exported (MITI, 2019). However, the E&E manufacturing industry is fluctuating and was inconsistent in Malaysia (MITI, 2014). Furthermore, the external environment continued to be affected by global economic uncertainty in 2012, dampening demand for the E&E manufacturing industry exports to decrease by 2.5 percent to RM231.2 billion and had an impact on the labour market with total retrenchments increased by 35.2 percent to 7616, due mainly to higher layoffs in the manufacturing industry (MITI, 2012). This effect is due to the sovereign debt crisis in Europe, the United States (US) economic recovery was modest, dampened by both domestic and external weaknesses and the stagnant economy in Japan had an impact on the export performance. In addition that growing competition from manufacturers in developing economies such as China and ASEAN member countries, particularly in higher value-added assembly (Bank Negara Malaysia, 2012). Hence, Malaysia economic landscape year 2012 became more challenging to uncertainty affected by an increasingly competitive global environment.

Keywords: Technical Efficiency, Electric and Electronics, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), Translog, Panel Data.