bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prácticas de alimentación del lactante y del niño pequeño en tres instituciones de salud en el Caribe colombiano, bajo la estrategia “Instituciones amigas de la mujer y la infancia integral”
Authors: Millán Echevarría Nancy Haydeé , Castro Prieto Paula Andrea , Fernández Fernández Sonia Cristina , Arocha Zuluaga Gina Paola
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Describir las prácticas de alimentación de niños lactantes y de niños pequeños atendidos en instituciones de tres municipios del Caribe colombiano, incluidos en el proceso de implementación de la estrategia “Instituciones amigas de la mujer y la infancia integral” de la Unicef. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo enmarcado en la etnografía, llevado a cabo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, cartografía social y grupos focales, dirigido a madres beneficiarias de instituciones de salud priorizadas. Resultados: Las madres reconocieron los beneficios nutricionales de la lactancia materna, y en dos de los territorios, los beneficios emocionales. Además, presentan apropiación en lo relacionado con la alimentación perceptiva. No obstante, no cumplen con el periodo de exclusividad de la lactancia, refieren algunas creencias populares acerca de la misma y se observa un inicio temprano de la alimentación complementaria. También reconocieron la importancia de las redes de apoyo familiar y social, como, por ejemplo, del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar. Conclusión: Esta investigación permitió reconocer factores que favorecen y limitan las adecuadas prácticas de alimentación del lactante y del niño pequeño, en madres gestantes y lactantes y su red de apoyo, las cuales viven en condiciones de vulnerabilidad social y económica, y son atendidas en tres instituciones de salud del Caribe colombiano que se encuentran en proceso de implementación de la estrategia enunciada. Lo anterior brinda elementos para la formulación de procesos educativos en salud para la población materno infantil, tanto en la población objetivo como en instituciones que se encuentren en proceso de implementación de dicha estrategia, y de requerimientos políticos acerca de la salud materno infantil.
DOOMED TO DEATH: ABORTIONS AND ABORTION TOURISM
Authors: Myronets Nina , Romaniv Oksana , Yaromenko Oksana
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study is to group the countries of the world according to the availability and legality of abortion and to identify patterns of development of tourist flows of abortion tourism.

The research methodology includes a system of methods and techniques: monographic method (used to process materials from literary sources and Internet resources), statistical method (used to assess the prevalence of abortion), cartographic method (used to visualize the legality and availability of abortion around the world), classification method (used to group countries according to the criterion of the level of availability and legality of abortion).

Research results. The geography of tourist flows of one of the types of medical tourism (abortion tourism) was analyzed. It arose as a result of the possibility of obtaining medical procedures abroad, prohibited or restricted in their own country. Attention was focused on the factors of legality and accessibility of these medical services in the countries. There are four groups of countries on the availability of abortion: 1) freedom of abortion; 2) abortion for medical and socio-economic reasons; 3) abortion for medical reasons and in other exceptional cases; 4) complete ban. The right to terminate a pregnancy at the woman's request is guaranteed in 71% of developed countries and in 16% of developing countries. Most countries that restrict abortion throughout the territory or in its separate administrative units - this is the state of Africa and South Asia and Latin America. But abortion tourism is the most intensive in Europe. The controversy over abortion has not abated. The two main groups in discussion call themselves "for choice" (with an emphasis on women's right to choose) and "for life" (with an emphasis on the unborn child's right to life).

The scientific novelty of the work is that the proposed grouping of countries according to the legality and availability of abortion, outlines the factors of abortion tourism. The main directions of tourist flows of abortion tourism in Europe are determined.

The practical significance of the results of the work is that they can be used to shape the tourism policy of Ukraine, as the state is involved in the field of abortion tourism as a recipient of tourist flows. The results of the study also contribute to solving social and demographic problems in the context of depopulation and deteriorating public health. After all, abortions are factors that negatively affect the reproduction of the population and women's health.
Zinc, brain, behavior
Authors: Yakimovskii Аndrey F.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the review was to analyze current notions about role of essential trace element zinc in brain activity and therefore in behavior. At the beginning of the review the basic data about zinc metabolism was described. The facts of zinc involvement into neurologic disorders and human cognition were represented. The results of the own investigation, devoted zinc peroral treatment and intrabrain microinjections influence on rats normal and pathological motor behavior were described. In particular, it is shown that zinc, depending on the dose and its mode of entry into the organism, can weaken and prevent the development of picrotoxin-induced neostriatal hyperkinesis (human Huntington horea analog), but it may aggravate hyperkinesis symptoms and even independently cause the motor stereotypy. On the basis of their own data and literary, it was suggested that neurons membranes structures are different sensitive to a certain zinc concentration and what does the specific way of behavior realization is ultimately depend.
Conditioned place preference of kisspeptin-10
Authors: Tissen Ilia Yu. , Chepik Polina A. , Lebedev Andrei A. , Magarramova Leila A. , Bychkov Eugenii R. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: Kisspeptins (KISS), a group of brain neuropeptides are involved in sexual behavior. KISS activate the hypothalamic neurons that synthesize gonadotropin releasing hormone. KISS was also detected in the limbic system. Earlier, we showed the activation of sexual motivation after the administration of kisspeptin-10 without increasing the level of testosterone in male rats, which suggests the extrahypothalamic effect of KISS.
The aim of this work was to study the possibility of aquisition of conditioned place preference of kisspeptin-10, as well as to study the emotional and investigational behavior in rats after intranasal peptide administration.
METHODS: Conditioned place preference test (CPP), open field test (OP) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were used in male Wistar rats.
RESULTS: When studying CPP, animals spent 78.6 6.3% of the time in the chamber associated with the administration of KISS compared to control animals with administration of physiological saline (51.2% of the experiment time; p 0.05). After kisspeptin-10 administration locomotor activity was 2-fold increased (p 0.05), and the number of sniffings was 2-fold increased too (p 0.05). The parameters did not significantly differ in animals treated with kisspeptin or saline in PCL.
CONCLUSION: Thus repeated intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 induces the aquisition of CPP in rats. This suggests that kisspeptin-10 can cause activity in the reward system or the activation of brain regions associated with this system, which ultimately leads to the formation of an emotionally positive state.
Behavioral analysis of anxiolytic action of phenazepam in conditions of an acute psychogenic stress (predator presentation) in Danio rerio
Authors: Lebedev Andrei A. , Devyashin Aleksandr S. , Blazhenko Aleksandra A. , Kazakov Sergei V. , Lebedev Viktor A. , Bychkov Eugenii R. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: May 2021

We studied the effect of benzodiazepine anxiolytic phenazepam after the predator presentation to Danio rerio. The test of novelty was used: the fish was placed first in a beaker with a dissolved pharmacological substance (or H2O) and then into a novel tank for 6 min, where the trajectory, the path length, the number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank, the number and time of the pattern of freezing were measured. It is shown that, in response to the novelty of tank, the fish are reacted by submerging to the bottom, increasing the frizing, and reducing the number of movements to the upper half of the novel tank. After phenazepam administration, the fish were not only in the lower, but also in the upper part of the novel tank. The average path length did not change significantly in the range of doses used. The number and time of the frizing, as well as the time spent in the lower part of the novel tank, decreased more than 2 times compared to the control group of animals and showed a dose-dependent effect. The number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank for the experiment increased significantly from 1 in the control to 57 after phenazepam in a dose of 1 mg/l. At the same time, the number of movements of fish to the upper part of the novel tank significantly increased more than 2 times from 3th min of the experiment with the use of phenazepam in a dose of 1 mg/l. Predator presentation (Hypsophrys nicaraguensis) caused an increase in the number of freezing (temporary immobilization) and a decrease in the length of the trajectory of movement in the novel tank as compared with the Danio rerio control group. Phenazapam at a dose of 1 mg/l removed the effects of a predator, while exhibiting a typical effect: the number of movements to the upper part of the tank during the experiment significantly increased to 30; the time at the bottom of the tank was halved. It was concluded that the novelty stress test and the test with a predator are highly sensitive for studying anxiety-phobic reactions in Danio rerio.
Safety of anesthesia in acute blood loss moderate hypovolemia
Authors: Klimov Aleksei G. , Stepanov Yaroslav A. , Erdniyev Leonid P. , Mokshanov Igor V. , Mikshta Alexandr Yu. , Ivashev Igor P. , Stepanova Nadezhda V. , Andreev Viktor A.
Published: May 2021

Acute blood loss is the most common cause of death in armed conflicts. During the great Patriotic war, 37.2% of the wounded died on the battlefield from acute blood loss and its consequences. According to statistics of military surgeons in local wars, the percentage of deaths from bleeding on the battlefield has remained quite high in recent decades: in Afghanistan, 43% due to untimely first aid for gunshot and mine-explosive wounds, of which 27% died from acute blood loss. During counter-terrorism operations in the North Caucasus, acute blood loss was the cause of death in 26.6% of cases. Analysis of recent armed conflicts shows that the main causes of death on the battlefield are the consequences of penetrating wounds, in particular blood loss with combined traumatic brain injuries of various origins. The issue of analgesia for a lack of circulating blood volume, as well as for continuing bleeding, is complex due to the need to prevent the development of shock conditions against the background of possible side effects of anesthesia. The paper presents pharmacometric and toxicometric characteristics of a model agonist of opioid receptors in acute blood loss of moderate hypovolemia in an experiment. It was shown that the sensitivity of white rats and rabbits to intravenous anesthesia according to the criteria of deep anesthesia increased by 7.3 and 7.5 times, respectively; there were no changes in the mortality criterion for acute blood loss of moderate hypovolemia. A decrease in the speed of action and an increase in the duration of the effect of deep anesthesia in hypovolemia after intravenous administration of a model opioid receptor agonist at doses of 1 ED50 was revealed. An assessment of the breadth of therapeutic action of the model agonist of opioid receptors was made, according to the results of which an increase in this indicator was revealed. It is shown that it is necessary to clarify the anaesthetic manual for more severe variations of polytrauma with blood loss.
Proposed use of the T phase in tsunami warning systems*
Authors: Ewing Maurice , Tolstoy Ivan , Press Frank
Published: May 2021

A striking correlation between the occurrence of a short-period earthquake phase (T phase) traveling through the ocean with the speed of sound in sea water and the occurrence of tsunamis has been observed. The characteristics of the T phase are described and the data upon which the correlation is based are presented. Although further study is needed, the evidence at hand warrants the inclusion of instruments suitable for recording the T phase in tsunami warning systems. It is quite possible that SOFAR listening stations would be valuable adjuncts in the detection of tsunami-producing earthquakes since they offer the best means of recording the T phase.
The application of feedback to an electromechanical transducer for seismograph testing*
Authors: Honnell Pierre M.
Published: May 2021

The application of feedback to an electromechanical transducer, or oscillating platform, designed for the testing of seismographs is described. Accruing advantages are the complete masking of the resonance peak in the transducer velocity response, and immunity of the platform motion to variations in mechanical loading by the seismographs undergoing test.

The superiority of the feedback technique is shown by direct comparison with the operation of the transducer electrically damped by a short-circuited ring.

The transducer constant-velocity output is easily converted to constant amplitude or constant acceleration by means of simple coupling networks.
Crustal structure and surface-wave dispersion*
Authors: Ewing Maurice , Press Frank
Published: May 2021

The observed dispersion of Rayleigh waves across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans can be accounted for by considering the propagation of such waves through a system consisting of water and unconsolidated sediments overlying a thick layer of ultrabasic rock. This contrasts with all former treatments, which have considered the effect of the water layer to be negligible. The depth of the water-sediment layer and the speed of shear waves in the underlying ultrabasic layer are obtained for several paths across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The results for the Atlantic are in good agreement with the data obtained in a recent seismic refraction measurement made 120 miles northwest of Bermuda, and offer strong evidence that the result of this single refraction measurement will be found to be typical of the entire ocean. No significant difference in the nature of the suboceanic basement of the Atlantic and Pacific has been found, since the velocity of shear waves in the upper-most 50 to 100 km. was calculated to be 4.45 km/sec. for both oceans. Previously reported differences in Atlantic and Pacific velocities for Rayleigh waves of some selected period are now believed to be due primarily to differences in the depth of water plus sediment in the two oceans.
Travel times from blasts in southern California*
Authors: Gutenberg B.
Published: May 2021

abstract

Seismograms recorded from a blast of about 70 tons of Du Pont “Nitramon” in tunnels at a quarry near Corona, southern California, are discussed. Arrival times of P waves indicate a velocity of between 5.7 and 6.0 km/sec. in the upper 6 km. of the region, and a velocity of about 6 1/2 km/sec. at a depth of 10 km. The Mohorovičić discontinuity is at a depth of the order of 40 km. The velocity below it is 8.1 to 8.2 km/sec. The amplitudes of S waves are only slightly more than one-tenth of those in an earthquake having P waves of equal amplitudes. The ratio of the velocity of P to that of the first recognizable S is found between 1.6 and 1.7. The first S waves at distances up to about 140 km. indicate a velocity of transverse waves of about 3¾ km/sec. at a depth of the order of 10 km. A phase with an apparent velocity of about 3 1/2 km/sec. can be traced to more than 400 km. It is followed by several slower phases. On the assumption that the amplitudes of Pn do not differ appreciably from those in an earthquake of the same magnitude, the blast would have had a magnitude of about 4.
The primary seismic disturbance in shale*
Authors: Ricker Norman , Sorge W. A.
Published: May 2021

This paper describes experimental researches carried out in a reasonably homogeneous earth for the purpose of determining the form and laws of propagation of the primary seismic disturbance. Flat response seismic apparatus was employed so that precise measurements of true earth motion were carried out. The results are in good agreement with the mathematical theory previously published.
Instrumental study of the Manix Earthquakes*
Authors: Richter C. F. , Nordquist J. M.
Published: May 2021

Readings from seismograms of thirty-eight shocks occurring on the Mojave Desert near Manix, California, are tabulated, plotted, and discussed. For a large proportion of the shocks (Groups A and D), the most clearly identified seismic waves have travel times as follows (times in seconds, Δ in kilometers): p–O=D/6.34P–O=–1.2 + 0.1799 ΔPn–O=5.4 + 0.12195 Δs–O=D/3.67Pm–O=3.9 + 0.1427 ΔSn–O=9.0 + 0.220 ΔPy–O=1.2 + 0.1610 ΔSa–O=6.0 + 0.25 Δ

D is calculated from Δ assuming a depth of 16 km.

For the remaining shocks (Groups B and C), the constant terms in the equations for Pn, Pm, Py are increased to 6.0, 4.5, and 2.2, respectively; the other equations are unchanged, but D is calculated for a depth of 10 km.

The Group A shocks are assigned to four subgroups. Epicenters are as follows: GroupLat. NLong. WA1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34°57.5116°32′A2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3459.511633.5A3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345811633A4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350011634B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345611631C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3457.511632D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345311637

Epicenters A1 to B follow an alignment striking about N 30° W, crossing the Manix fault at a large angle. No shocks are located elsewhere along the Manix fault, but the smaller shocks cannot be placed accurately.

The principal earthquake, of magnitude 6.2, is assigned to the A2 epicenter, with origin time 07:58:05.6 P.S.T. (15:58:05.6 G.C.T.), April 10, 1947. This agrees well with the times recorded at distant stations. A catalogue is given listing all subsequent shocks of magnitude 3.0 or greater in the area to the end of April, 1950, with assignment to one of the groups when possible.

Recorded initial compressions and dilatations at the several stations are equally consistent with right-hand strike-slip on a hypothetical fault following the line of located epicenters, or with left-hand strike-slip on the Manix fault; the latter displacement was actually found. It is suggested that both occurred.

Representative seismograms are reproduced.
Vaccination Hesitancy, Knowledge and the Role of Confidence
Authors: Krüger Jens Oliver , Krüger Kathrin
Published: May 2021

While from a medical point of view it seems obvious that “vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent disease” (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020), some people reject vaccinations for various reasons. The scientific discourse refers to them as vaccination hesitant. In this article we take a closer look at the different concepts of knowledge underlying vaccination hesitancy. We look at the history of vaccination hesitancy, examine current studies and report on select, empirical research into parental vaccination hesitancy, that we carried out in 2014/2015. Finally, we argue that the key challenge in vaccination education is not only to provide information but to build confidence.
La constitucionalización del proceso. El proceso justo, equitativo y de efectiva tutela
Authors: Lorca Navarrete Antonio
Published: May 2021

El autor realiza un desarrollo sobre el proceso justo, considerando diversos elementos provenientes del civil law y del common law, recurre para ello preceptos de naturaleza constitucional, además de tener como norte la persecución del logro de la verdad de una decisión justa.
HIGH SPEED REGISTRATION SPECTROFLUORIMETER SFL-S
Authors:   Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences,  Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, Krivenko V. G. , Khodasevich Yu. L. , Pantuz S. N. , Emalyanenko V. I. , Borisova N. I. , Permyakov E. A.
Published: May 2021

An experimental multifunctional high speed registration spectrofluorimeter SFL-S has been developed at the Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The spectroflu-orimeter is designed to measure excitation and emission spectra of solutions and suspensions of bio-logical molecules and cells in the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared spectral regions in the course of fundamental and applied research in the field of physicochemical biology, biophysics, biochemistry, and medicine. Features of the instrument are: the possibility of high-speed registration of spectra by means of multichannel system (32 channels, more than 20 spectra per second); the ability to control the change of the temperature of the solution in the measuring cell according to a given algorithm (0 to 100 °C); the possibility of microtitration of the solution in the measuring cell using an automatic microtitrator.
TURBIDIMETRIC PHOTOMETER FOR STUDYING THE SEDIMENTATION OF NANOSIZED OBJECTS
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev, Kazan, Russia, Danilaev M. P. , Karandashov S. A. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev, Kazan, Russia, Kuklin V. A. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev, Kazan, Russia,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, Sakhabutdinov A. Zh. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev, Kazan, Russia, Hussein S. M. R. H. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev, Kazan, Russia,   University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq
Published: May 2021

A turbidimetric photometer with a pulsed mode of operation of a light source is analyzed. The device makes it possible to conduct sedimentation studies of nanoscale object in terms of laboratory background illumination with a study duration of more than 500 hours. The functional diagram of the laboratory device sample is described and experimental surveys of some characteristics are presented.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE SENSITIVITY OF A NEW TYPE OF MICROPHONE
Authors:   Bioproduct ltd,  Moscow, Russia, Dmitriev S. P. , Kurochkin V. E. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia, Sharfarets B. P. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS,  Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: May 2021

A new type of microphone is proposed, one of the distinguishing features of which is a variable sensitivity, which depends on the magnitude of the constant electric pumping voltage. In addition, a matching device (mediator) has been created that allows to significantly increase the sensitivity of the microphone. In the course of experiments, a significant increase in sensitivity was confirmed, both due to a charge pump and the use of a mediator. In the course of the experiments, the microphone sensitivity was obtained equal to 1990.5 mV / Pa at 1000 V pumping.
RURAL WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE OF LEISURE IN A GENDERED WORLD: A SOUTH ASIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Hayat Muhammad Farhat , Ashiq Rukhsana
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the Study: The main objective of this paper was to synthesize and analysing the existing knowledge to evaluate the effect of public space on women’s leisure. Another major objective was to check the role of gender in determining leisure activities and opportunities for rural women. The current study focuses on South Asian rural women concerning Pakistani society.

Methodology: For the present study, the researchers analysed and reviewed articles from different databases like Google Scholar, Taylor, and Francis, Springer, and Sage publication journals from 2000 to 2020.

Principal Findings: After reviewing the various studies conducted in the 21st century, the results showed that most rural women are not allowed to do leisure in public space, and they have few opportunities to do it inside the boundary of the household. The public space is used predominantly by males for their leisure. Family pressure and patriarchal social norms also hampered women’s desire to claim public space for leisure activities.

Application of the Study: This study concluded that the leisure opportunities for rural women are less as compared to their counterparts. Public space is vital and plays a pivotal role in shaping and determining leisure activities for both genders. This study also raised certain questions which are thought-provoking and can be crucial for future investigation.

Novelty/Originality: this study is a unique effort to discuss rural women’s leisure from a South Asian Perspective. It also gives insight with the support of most recent data regarding rural women’s leisure and its relationship with the social structure of society.
The Effectiveness of New Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Lower Extremity Venous Thrombosis: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: İLKELİ Ekin , DÜZGÜN Ali Cemal
Published: May 2021

Objective: This clinical study included a retrospective evaluation of 138 patients using new oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban, dabigatran, apixaban, edoxaban) for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. The demographic characteristics of the patients and the relationship between the disease, treatment initiation and end times, radiological and clinical recovery, and NOACSSS side effects were evaluated.

Materials and Method: 138 patients using new oral anticoagulant drugs were included in the retrospective study. Demographic characteristics, diagnosis and treatment charts, radiological images, epicrisis notes of the patients were recorded. Records of each patient were reviewed during their 12 months of follow-up. New oral anticoagulant efficacy; It was evaluated by measuring thigh and calf diameters before and after treatment, whether there was recanalization in Doppler USG (recanalization> 75%), recanalization time, bleeding side effects and recovery times with treatment, and recurrence rates. The data were analyzed statistically using a statistics program.

Results: A significant difference was found when the mean thigh diameter measurements measured at the beginning of the treatment (Mean ± SD: 75,41) and the mean thigh diameter measured after the treatment (Mean ± SD: 54,63) were compared. P
Saberes locales sobre caña panelera, café y pequeña ganadería como estrategias de adaptación al cambio climático en la cuenca media y baja del Río Negro, Cundinamarca
Authors: Eschenhagen Durán María Luisa
Published: May 2021

Este libro es resultado del proyecto: “Valoración y apropiación de los recursos naturales como estrategias de adaptación al cambio climático - Cundinamarca”. La investigación se desarrolló en cinco municipios de este departamento: Útica, Caparrapí, Quebrada Negra, Guaduas y Puerto Salgar. Fue financiado con recursos del Sistema General de Regalías y desarrollado en Convenio entre la Gobernación de Cundinamarca y el Centro Internacional de Física (CIF), como entidad ejecutora. En el marco de este proceso han intervenido otras universidades, es el caso de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (UPB), la cual desarrolló el componente social de este proyecto a través de su Grupo de investigación Territorio, asociado a la Escuela de Ciencias Sociales.
Character Strengths as a Tool of Resilience-Oriented Vocational Training for Managerial Staff in a Life – Long Learning Perspective
Authors: Ochinowski Tomasz
Published: May 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to contribute to building Resilient Organization issues. The author discusses a psychological approach to resilience, from Robert Jay Lifton’s to Martin Seligman’s conceptual perspectives. The main objective of the paper is to discuss the chance of using so-called character strengths as a useful tool in resilience-oriented training courses dedicated to managers of various types of organizations. The author has conducted a workshop on “character strengths in the workplace”. The empirical basis for the mentioned workshop is qualitative, narrative research which was carried out a few years back. This initial result of the study reveals some of the examples of collective categories in which two groups of managers (from public administration and sales industry) foresee a possibility of using character strengths in the optimization of managerial work tasks.
An American-Based Study Examining the Relationship Between Participants’ Demographic Profiles and Attitudes Regarding Business Outsourcing Techniques and Strategies
Authors: Parmer Lucinda
Published: May 2021

The world is a global marketplace, however much inquiry has been created regarding American-based companies relocating departmental operations offshore to foreign territories. Keating (2012) indicated that popular areas for companies to reposition operations include customer service, information technology, and sales services. The main reason for moving offshore is to cut costs and to maximize on cheaper labor pools in the host country. There are cultural and language barriers that complicate matters, as well as, the media, as reported by Dobbs (2004) in the United States (U.S.) brings supposition by broadcasting the jobs lost by U.S. employees, as well as, home country power diminishing by stronger global players rising and thriving, such as, Brazil, The Philippines, and Mexico. This study quantifiably examined the relationship between participants’ demographic profiles and attitudes regarding business outsourcing techniques and strategies utilizing the Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact tests, to gain a greater understanding of what these American-based beliefs truly are, in relation to, the sample confined within this study. Areas of concern examined attitudes towards managers, as well as, the U.S. government, regarding engaging in business outsourcing endeavors, enforcing policies to keep jobs in America, operating with a global mindset, helping people in both the home and host countries, competence factors associated with the capabilities to head outsourcing efforts based upon gender, and the training needed to successfully move operations offshore, for example. Significant differences were found in all of the demographic variables of ethnicity, gender, number of children (e.g. family size), age, education level, marital status, and annual household income.
How Effective Was the Romanian Labour Market After 2008?
Authors: Steliac Nela
Published: May 2021

The efficient operation of the labour market is a matter of high stake for every state, considering that it reflects the balance between supply and demand. The extent to which such balance is achieved is highlighted by the Beveridge curve. This paper examines the efficient operation of the Romanian labour market, as measured by the relevant indicators of labour demand and supply. In order to capture the evolution of these indicators across the three target sub-periods (the crisis, the rebound and the resumption of an upward trend), the timeline subject to survey was 2008Q2-2016Q3. The survey conducted for this purpose revealed fluctuations in the number and rate of job vacancies, respectively in the unemployment rate. However, in the last part of the surveyed period, the trend of such indicators was downward for the unemployment rate and upward for the number and rate of job vacancies. Even so, these indicators failed to match the levels recorded before the outbreak of the economic crisis. Due to such evolutions, the Beveridge curve presented shifts of direction specific to the three sub-periods. Throughout the last part of the surveyed period, the curve seemed to recover slightly towards the top-left direction at national level. However, regionally, the evolutions of labour supply and demand varied, and the Beveridge curves varied accordingly. Surprisingly, it was not Bucharest-Ilfov, considered the best economically developed area in Romania, which reported the best correlation between labour supply and demand, but the Central region.
Decomposing the asylum in Samuel Beckett’s Malone Dies: Genetic criticism and the author
Authors: Little James
Published: May 2021

This article focuses on Samuel Beckett’s use of the asylum in his novel Malone Dies to explore the role of non-textual elements in genetic criticism (the study of a writer’s creative process through the analysis of their compositional manuscripts), as well as the function of the author in genetic analysis. Taking as its starting point Iain Bailey’s challenge to genetic critics to account for the biographical author which underpins the discipline’s study of written traces in authorial manuscripts, the article contends that genetic criticism must be used in tandem with other approaches such as historicism when studying spaces like Beckett’s asylums. Though Beckett took a scholarly approach when integrating such material into earlier work, making research notes which can be regarded as part of the genetic dossier, the asylum in Malone Dies – based on Dublin’s Saint John of God Hospital – leaves no such trail of textual breadcrumbs. Therefore, we must pay particular attention to the historical function of Saint John of God’s in order to understand how the asylum works in composition and reception. In doing so, an author existing beyond the written traces they leave behind can retake their place in a necessarily incomplete empirical field over five decades after Roland Barthes prematurely declared their death.
System VR – nowa przestrzeń komunikacyjna
Authors: Markowski Mateusz
Published: May 2021

Artykuł opisuje obszary komunikacji międzyludzkiej, w których swoją obecność coraz silniej zaznacza technologia Virtual Reality. Analiza materiału badawczego pokazuje, że system VR sprawdził się w branży rozrywkowej, jest wykorzystywany w różnorodnych procesach edukacyjnych i można na nim oprzeć strategię promocji marki. Dostęp do rzeczywistości wirtualnej wciąż jest ograniczony ze względu na wysokie ceny gogli VR, ale wiele polskich i zagranicznych firm już dzisiaj dostrzega ogromny potencjał tej technologii i nie boi się w nią inwestować. Sposób komunikacji międzyludzkiej zawsze ma pewne podłoże pokoleniowe i być może kluczowym narzędziem komunikacyjnym dla kolejnych pokoleń stanie się właśnie Virtual Reality.
Bioimpedance phase angle as a marker of sarcopenia in elderly women with multiple comorbidities
Authors: Kurmayev D. P. , Bulgakova S. V. , Zakharova N. O.
Published: May 2021

Rationale: The progressive decline in skeletal muscle strength and function during aging can lead to disability and premature death. It is of interest to evaluate the potential of bioimpedance phase angle (PhA) as an instrumental marker of sarcopenia in clinical practice.

Aim: To identify an association between the phase angles determined by the bioimpedance analysis of body composition, with functional activity parameters in elderly women with multiple comorbidities.

Materials and methods: The study included 146 elderly women (aged 75 to 84 years, mean age 79.44 ± 2.56 years). Assessments consisted of the Charlson comorbidity index, “Vozrast ne pomekha” (Age is not a hindrance) questionnaire, the Barthel index, the sit-to-stand five-repeat test, the standardized 4-meter walking speed test, and bioimpedance analysis of body composition (ABC-02, Medass, Russia). Muscle strength parameters were assessed by wrist dynamometry with a mechanical wrist dynamometer. The hand dynamometry index was calculated by dividing the hand grip strength by the patient's squared height. According to the EWGSOP2 guidelines for the critical cur-off for hand dynamometry, the patients were divided into two groups: those with the hand grip strength > 16 kg (n = 41) and those with < 16 kg (n = 105).

Results: There were significant correlations of PhA with age (r = -0.369; p =0.017), the results of the screening questionnaire “Vozrast ne pome-kha” (Age is not a hindrance) (r = -0.359; p = 0.023), Barthel index (r = 0.375; p = 0.018), hand dynamometry (r = 0.395; p = 0.014), hand dynamometry index (r = 0.340; p = 0.021), lean body mass (r = 0.414; p = 0.009), musculoskeletal mass (r = 0.819; p < 0.001), proportion of musculoskeletal mass (r = 0.796; p < 0.001), walking speed (r = 0.670; p < 0.001), and the results of the sit-to-stand test (r = -0.541; p < 0.001). Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 61 women (41.8%). There were also significant differences in age, hand dynamometry results, hand dynamometry index, walking speed and results of the sit-to-stand test between the two groups depending on their hand grip strength.

Conclusion: The use of hand dynamometry, physical activity tests, and bioimpedance phase angle can be used in clinical practice to diagnose sarcopenia.
Reformando el sistema de pensiones en Perú: costo fiscal, nivel de pensiones, brecha de género y desigualdad
Authors: Olivera Javier
Published: May 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar los posibles efectos de distintos escenarios de reforma del sistema de pensiones peruano en la deuda pública, valor de las pensiones, brecha de género y desigualdad de pensiones. Se analizan 3 modelos de reforma: i) capitalización individual puro, ii) sistema mixto basado en complementos de pensión (top up) y iii) sistema mixto con cuentas nocionales. Los resultados indican que el modelo de capitalización individual puro es mucho más costoso que el resto de alternativas y además no genera las pensiones más altas ni es el que reduce más las brechas de género ni la desigualdad de pensiones. Es tan caro ese escenario de reforma (57.1% del PBI) que es fiscalmente poco responsable. En cambio, el modelo mixto de cuentas nocionales es superior pues implica un considerablemente menor costo fiscal (9.5% del PBI) y mejores resultados en la brecha de género y el valor de las pensiones. En todos los casos se considera una pensión universal de monto pequeño, pensión mínima y pensiones garantizadas según umbrales de números de aportes.
Current Trends in Non-Dairy Probiotics and Their Acceptance among Consumers: A Review
Authors: Natt Simranpreet Kaur , Katyal Priya
Published: May 2021

Probiotics are defined as formulations of live microorganisms that exert health benefits mainly through their action on gut and gastrointestinal tract when consumed in vital amounts. Consumers have become more health conscious now and they are searching for health probiotic equivalents. Looking upon the health benefits conferred by probiotics, the present review emphasizes the recent developments and commercialization of non-dairy probiotic products in different forms worldwide. Dairy probiotics are known to induce allergy and intolerance to lactose among the consumers. The chief benefits of non-dairy beverages specifically fruit juices are their nutritional values, flavor and refreshing quality. The diverse food mediums of dairy food carriers are the major limitations for the survival of the probiotics whereas the probiotic strains from non-dairy sources are acceptable. In addition to the viability of the probiotics used in fermented products of non-dairy origin, functional and technological characteristics are tremendously vital to get modest benefits in the global market.
The Impact of Students’ Perception on their Academic Background on Their Learning Motivation
Authors: Yuniar Rendhi Fatrisna
Published: May 2021

Students’ academic performance is influenced by many factors such as previous academic background and level of motivation. There have been several studies trying to find out the correlation between students’ previous academic background and their learning achievement. However the results are not convincing. Though it is found out that there is correlation between students’ academic background and their learning achievement, the value of correlation is small. There have been also many researches investigating the impact of students’ motivation and their academic gain. However, the correlational study on students’ perception on academic background and their learning motivation is rare undertaking.
Editorial
Authors: Amaya-Rodríguez Carlos Andrés
Published: May 2021

Boyacá, en miras a ser una potencia en ciencia, tecnología e innovación.
Editor in information society: present and future of the profession
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State Universit, Inshakova N.G. , Pankeev I.A. , Timofeev A.A.
Published: May 2021

Discussed are problems of modern editorial education and the market requirements for the “editor” category. The authors examined the competencies of a classical and network editor, and the possibilities of combining them in one official position. The necessity of knowledge and compliance with ethical and legal norms in the work of the editor in any field of production and dissemination of information is shown.
Origins of global scientific technical revolution
Authors:   Kursk State University, Bondarenko S.B.
Published: May 2021

Examined are origins of the scientific and technological revolution (STR). Definitions of globalization and STR are analyzed. The role of Russia in accelerating the process of STR globalization in general and the importance of activities of Leningrad Institute of Physics and Technology for scientific and technological development of Russia in particular are noted. The main directions of STR in the United States at the end of the 19th century (electrical engineering, communications, mechanization, power generators, motors, aviation, automobiles, microbiology, genetics, military equipment) are highlighted. The features of optimizing for the interaction of science and technology with economy through legal means: the US state has improved its legislation in order to have effective legal and financial instruments to stimulate scientific and technological creativity. Mutually beneficial contracts and patents have become great economic importance for the customer and the contractor. Specific functions of higher education in the process of scientific and technical development at the second half of the 19th century are explained. The reasons of the STR globalization are revealed.
Classification and Prediction of Students’ GPA Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm to Assist Student Admission Process
Authors: Santosa Raden Gunawan , Lukito Yuan , Chrismanto Antonius Rachmat
Published: May 2021

Background: Student admission at universities aims to select the best candidates who will excel and finish their studies on time. There are many factors to be considered in student admission. To assist the process, an intelligent model is needed to spot the potentially high achieving students, as well as to identify potentially struggling students as early as possible.Objective: This research uses K-means clustering to predict students’ grade point average (GPA) based on students’ profile, such as high school status and location, university entrance test score and English language competence.Methods: Students’ data from class of 2008 to 2017 are used to create two clusters using K-means clustering algorithm. Two centroids from the clusters are used to classify all the data into two groups:  high GPA and low GPA. We use the data from class of 2018 as test data.  The performance of the prediction is measured using accuracy, precision and recall.Results: Based on the analysis, the K-means clustering method is 78.59% accurate among the merit-based-admission students and 94.627% among the regular-admission students.Conclusion: The prediction involving merit-based-admission students has lower predictive accuracy values than that of involving regular-admission students because the clustering model for the merit-based-admission data is K = 3, but for the prediction, the assumption is K = 2.
Comparative Analysis of Image Classification Algorithms for Face Mask Detection
Authors: Naufal Mohammad Farid , Kusuma Selvia Ferdiana , Prayuska Zefanya Ardya , Yoshua Ang Alexander , Lauwoto Yohanes Albert , Dinata Nicky Setyawan , Sugiarto David
Published: May 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic remains a problem in 2021. Health protocols are needed to prevent the spread, including wearing a face mask. Enforcing people to wear face masks is tiring. AI can be used to classify images for face mask detection. There are a lot of image classification algorithm for face mask detection, but there are still no studies that compare their performance.Objective: This study aims to compare the classification algorithms of classical machine learning. They are k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and a widely used deep learning algorithm for image classification which is convolutional neural network (CNN) for face masks detection.Methods: This study uses 5 and 3 cross-validation for assessing the performance of KNN, SVM, and CNN in face mask detection.Results: CNN has the best average performance with the accuracy of 0.9683 and average execution time of 2,507.802 seconds for classifying 3,725 faces with mask and 3,828 faces without mask images.Conclusion: For a large amount of image data, KNN and SVM can be used as temporary algorithms in face mask detection due to their faster execution times. At the same time, CNN can be trained to form a classification model. In this case, it is advisable to use CNN for classification because it has better performance than KNN and SVM. In the future, the classification model can be implemented for automatic alert system to detect and warn people who are not wearing face masks.