bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric reactivity and oxidation capacity during summer at a suburban site between Beijing and Tianjin
Authors: Yang Yuan , Wang Yonghong , Zhou Putian , Yao Dan , Ji Dongsheng , Sun Jie , Wang Yinghong , Zhao Shuman , Huang Wei , Yang Shuanghong , Chen Dean , Gao Wenkang , Liu Zirui , Hu Bo , Zhang Renjian , Zeng Limin , Ge Maofa , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku , Wang Yuesi
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Hydroxyl (OH) radicals, nitrate (NO3) radicals and ozone (O3)
play central roles in the troposphere because they control the lifetimes of
many trace gases that result from anthropogenic and biogenic origins. To
estimate the air chemistry, the atmospheric reactivity and oxidation
capacity were comprehensively analyzed based on a parameterization method at
a suburban site in Xianghe in the North China Plain from 6 July 2018 to 6 August 2018. The total OH, NO3 and O3 reactivities at the site
varied from 9.2 to 69.6, 0.7 to 27.5 and
3.3×10-4 to 1.8×10-2 s−1 with
campaign-averaged values of 27.5±9.7, 2.2±2.6 and 1.2±1.7×10-3 s−1 (± standard
deviation), respectively. NOx (NO+NO2) was by far the main
contributor to the reactivities of the three oxidants, with average values
of 43 %–99 %. Alkenes dominated the OH, NO3 and O3 reactivities
towards total nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), accounting for
42.9 %, 77.8 % and 94.0 %, respectively. The total OH, NO3 and
O3 reactivities displayed similar diurnal variations with the lowest
values during the afternoon but the highest values during rush hours, and
the diurnal profile of NOx appears to be the major driver for the
diurnal profiles of the reactivities of the three oxidants. A box model (a
model to Simulate the concentrations of Organic vapors, Sulfuric Acid and
Aerosols; SOSAA) derived from a column chemical transport model was used to
simulate OH and NO3 concentrations during the observation period. The
calculated atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) reached 4.5×108 moleculescm-3s-1, with a campaign-averaged value of
7.8×107 moleculescm-3s-1 dominated by OH
(7.7×107 moleculescm-3s-1, 98.2 %), O3
(1.2×106 moleculescm-3s-1, 1.5 %) and NO3
(1.8×105 moleculescm-3s-1, 0.3 %). Overall, the
integration of OH, NO3 and O3 reactivities analysis could provide
useful insights for NMVOC pollution control in the North China Plain. We
suggest that further studies, especially direct observations of OH and
NO3 radical concentrations and their reactivities, are required to
better understand trace gas reactivity and AOC.
Assessment of meteorology vs control measures in China fine
particular matter trend from 2013–2019 by an environmental
meteorology index
Authors: Gong Sunling , Liu Hongli , Zhang Bihui , He Jianjun , Zhang Hengde , Wang Yaqiang , Wang Shuxiao , Zhang Lei , Wang Jie
Published: July 2020

Abstract. A framework was developed to quantitatively assess the contribution of meteorology variations in the trend of particular matter (PM) concentrations and to separate the impacts of meteorology from the control measures in the trend, based upon an Environmental Meteorology Index (EMI). The model-based index EMI realistically reflects the role of meteorology in the trend of PM and can also be attributed into three major factors: deposition, vertical accumulation and horizontal transports. Based on the 2013–2019 PM2.5 observation data and re-analysis meteorological data in China, the contributions of meteorology and control measures in nine regions of China were assessed separately by the EMI-based framework. Monitoring network observations show that the PM2.5 concentrations have been declined about 50 % on national average and about 35 % to 53 % for various regions. It is found that the nation-wide emission control measures were the dominant factor in the declining trend of China PM2.5 concentrations, contributing to about 47 % of the PM2.5 decrease from 2013 to 2019 on the national average and 32 % to the 52 % for various regions. The meteorology has a variable and sometimes critical contribution to the year by year variations of PM2.5 concentrations, 5 % on annual average and 10–20 % for the fall-winter heavy pollution seasons.
Captured Cirrus Ice Particles in High Definition
Authors: Magee Nathan , Boaggio Katie , Staskiewicz Samantha , Lynn Aaron , Zhao Xuanyi , Tusay Nicholas , Schuh Terance , Bandamede Manisha , Bancroft Lucas , Connolly David , Hurler Kevin , Miner Bryan , Khoudary Elissa
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Cirrus clouds composed of small ice crystals are often the first solid matter encountered by sunlight as it streams into Earth’s atmosphere. A broad array of recent research has emphasized that photon-particle scattering calculations are very sensitive to ice particle morphology, complexity, and surface roughness. Uncertain variations in these parameters have major implications for successfully parameterizing the radiative ramifications of cirrus clouds in climate models. To date, characterization of the microscale details of cirrus particle morphology has been limited by the particles’ inaccessibility and technical difficulty in capturing imagery with sufficient resolution. Results from a new experimental system achieve much higher resolution images of cirrus ice particles than existing airborne particle imaging systems. The novel system (Ice Cryo-Encapsulation by Balloon, ICE-Ball) employs a balloon-borne payload with environmental sensors and hermetically-sealed cryo-encapsulation cells. The payload captures ice particles from cirrus clouds, seals them, and returns them via parachute for vapor-locked transfer onto a cryo-scanning electron microscopy stage (cryo-SEM). From 2016–2019, the ICE-Ball system has successfully yielded high resolution particle images on nine cirrus-penetrating flights. On several flights, including one highlighted here in detail, thousands of cirrus particles were retrieved and imaged, revealing unanticipated particle morphologies, extensive habit heterogeneity, multiple scales of mesoscale roughening, a wide array of embedded aerosol particles, and even greater complexity than expected.
Direct measurements of black carbon fluxes in central Beijing using the eddy-covariance method
Authors: Joshi Rutambhara , Liu Dantong , Nemitz Eiko , Langford Ben , Mullinger Neil , Squires Freya , Lee James , Wu Yunfei , Pan Xiaole , Fu Pingqing , Kotthaus Simone , Grimmond Sue , Zhang Qiang , Wu Ruili , Wild Oliver , Flynn Michael , Coe Hugh , Allan James
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) forms an important component of particulate matter globally, due to its impact on climate, the environment, and human health. Identifying and quantifying its emission sources is critical for effective policymaking and achieving the desired reduction in air pollution. In this study, we present the first direct measurements of urban BC fluxes using eddy-covariance. The measurements were made over Beijing within the UK-China Air Pollution and Human Health (APHH) winter 2016 and summer 2017 campaigns. In both seasons, the mean measured BC mass (winter: 5.49 ng m−2 s−1, summer: 6.10 ng m−2 s−1) and number fluxes (winter: 261.25 particles cm−2 s−1, summer: 334.37 particles cm−2 s−1) were similar. Traffic was determined to be the dominant source of the BC fluxes measured during both seasons. The total BC emissions within the 2013 Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) are on average too high compared to measured fluxes by a factor of 58.8 (winter) and 47.2 (summer). Comparison of MEIC transport sector only are also larger (factor winter: 37.5, summer: 37.7) than the measured flux. Emission ratios of BC/NOx and BC/CO are comparable to vehicular emission control standards implemented in January 2017 for gasoline (China 5) and diesel (China V) engines, indicating reduction of BC emissions within central Beijing and extending this to a larger area would further reduce total BC concentrations.
Uncovering spatiotemporal biases in place-based social sensing
Authors: McKenzie Grant , Janowicz Krzysztof , Keßler Carsten
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Places can be characterized by the ways that people interact with them, such as the times of day certain place types are frequented, or how place combinations contribute to urban structure. Intuitively, schools are most visited during work day mornings and afternoons, and are more likely to be near a recreation center than a nightclub. These temporal and spatial signatures are so specific that they can often be used to categorize a particular place solely by its interaction patterns. Today, numerous commercial datasets and services are used to access required information about places, social interaction, news, and so forth. As these datasets contain information about millions of the same places and the related services support tens of millions of users, one would expect that analysis performed on these datasets, e.g., to extract data signatures, would yield the same or similar results. Interestingly, this is not always the case. This has potentially far reaching consequences for researchers that use these datasets. In this work, we examine temporal and spatial signatures to explore the question of how the data acquiring cultures and interfaces employed by data providers such as Google and Foursquare, influence the final results. We approach this topic in terms of biases exhibited during service usage and data collection.
Exploring Factors that Influence Individuals’ Choice Between Internal Combustion Engine Cars and Electric Vehicles
Authors: Bucher Dominik , Martin Henry , Hamper Jannik , Jaleh Atefeh , Becker Henrik , Zhao Pengxiang , Raubal Martin
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The adoption of electric vehicles has the potential to help decarbonizing the transport sector if they are powered by renewable energy sources. Limitations commonly associated with e-cars are their comparatively short ranges and long recharging cycles, leading to anxiety when having to travel long distances. Other factors such as temperature, destination or weekday may influence people in choosing an e-car for a certain trip. Using a unique dataset of 129 people who own both an electric vehicle (EV) as well as one powered by an internal combustion engine (ICE), we analyze tracking data over a year in order to have an empirically verified choice model. Based on a wide range of predictors, this model tells us for an individual journey if the person would rather choose the EV or the ICE car. Our findings show that there are only weak relations between the predictor and target variables, indicating that for many people the switch to an e-car would not affect their lifestyle and the related range anxiety diminishes when actually owning an electric vehicle. In addition, we find that choice behavior does not generalize well over different users.
Extracting interrogative intents and concepts from geo-analytic questions
Authors: Xu Haiqi , Hamzei Ehsan , Nyamsuren Enkhbold , Kruiger Han , Winter Stephan , Tomko Martin , Scheider Simon
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Understanding syntactic and semantic structure of geographic questions is a necessary step towards true geographic question-answering (GeoQA) machines. The empirical basis for the understanding of the capabilities expected from GeoQA systems are geographic question corpora. Available corpora in English have been mostly drawn from generic Web search logs or limited user studies, supporting the focus of GeoQA systems on retrieving factoids: factual knowledge about particular places and everyday processes. Yet, the majority of questions enquired about in the spatial sciences go beyond simple place facts, with more complex analytical intents informing the questions. In this paper, we introduce a new corpus of geo-analytic questions drawn from English textbooks and scientific articles. We analyse and compare this corpus with two general-purpose GeoQA corpora in terms of grammatical complexity and semantic concepts, using a new parsing method that allows us to differentiate and quantify patterns of a question’s intent.
A taxonomy for classifying user groups in location-based social media
Authors: Gründemann Thomas , Burghardt Dirk
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Location-based social media provide great opportunities to monitor and map social, natural or health-related events. Due to the vast amount of data, it is appropriate for many researchers to use a judiciously selected sample of data. However, many of the datasets from social media sources do not consist of representative samples of the overall population because they do not take into account the users who generate the social media content. The consequences can be a bias of particular user groups and a misinterpretation of the analysis results. To overcome these shortcomings, this paper develops a taxonomy of user groups in social media based on a thorough literature analysis. The different approaches can be summarized to the five dimensions: character, connectivity, communication, content and coordinates. The expected use of the taxonomy is to support the selection of social media datasets by choosing only those user groups that provide relevant information and to improve the analysis by identifying significant groups. Both application areas are illustrated by using a dataset that includes the members of the German parliament who registered on Twitter.
Integrating cellular automata and discrete global grid systems: a case study into wildfire modelling
Authors: Hojati Majid , Robertson Colin
Published: July 2020

Abstract. With new forms of digital spatial data driving new applications for monitoring and understanding environmental change, there are growing demands on traditional GIS tools for spatial data storage, management and processing. Discrete Global Grid System (DGGS) are methods to tessellate globe into multiresolution grids, which represent a global spatial fabric capable of storing heterogeneous spatial data, and improved performance in data access, retrieval, and analysis. While DGGS-based GIS may hold potential for next-generation big data GIS platforms, few of studies have tried to implement them as a framework for operational spatial analysis. Cellular Automata (CA) is a classic dynamic modeling framework which has been used with traditional raster data model for various environmental modeling such as wildfire modeling, urban expansion modeling and so on. The main objectives of this paper are to (i) investigate the possibility of using DGGS for running dynamic spatial analysis, (ii) evaluate CA as a generic data model for dynamic phenomena modeling within a DGGS data model and (iii) evaluate an in-database approach for CA modelling. To do so, a case study into wildfire spread modelling is developed. Results demonstrate that using a DGGS data model not only provides the ability to integrate different data sources, but also provides a framework to do spatial analysis without using geometry-based analysis. This results in a simplified architecture and common spatial fabric to support development of a wide array of spatial algorithms. While considerable work remains to be done, CA modelling within a DGGS-based GIS is a robust and flexible modelling framework for big-data GIS analysis in an environmental monitoring context.
Rain event detection in commercial microwave link attenuation data using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Polz Julius , Chwala Christian , Graf Maximilian , Kunstmann Harald
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Quantitative precipitation estimation with commercial microwave links (CMLs) is a technique developed to supplement weather radar and rain gauge observations. It is exploiting the relation between the attenuation of CML signal levels and the integrated rain rate along a CML path. The opportunistic nature of this method requires a sophisticated data processing using robust methods. In this study we focus on the processing step of rain event detection in the signal level time series of the CMLs, which we treat as a binary classification problem. This processing step is particularly challenging, because even when there is no rain, the signal level can show large fluctuations similar to that during rainy periods. False classifications can have a high impact on falsely estimated rainfall amounts. We analyze the performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN), which is trained to detect rainfall-specific attenuation patterns in CML signal levels, using data from 3904 CMLs in Germany. The CNN consists of a feature extraction and a classification part with, in total, 20 layers of neurons and 1.4×105 trainable parameters. With a structure inspired by the visual cortex of mammals, CNNs use local connections of neurons to recognize patterns independent of their location in the time series. We test the CNN's ability to recognize attenuation patterns from CMLs and time periods outside the training data. Our CNN is trained on 4 months of data from 800 randomly selected CMLs and validated on 2 different months of data, once for all CMLs and once for the 3104 CMLs not included in the training. No CMLs are excluded from the analysis. As a reference data set, we use the gauge-adjusted radar product RADOLAN-RW provided by the German meteorological service (DWD). The model predictions and the reference data are compared on an hourly basis. Model performance is compared to a state-of-the-art reference method, which uses the rolling standard deviation of the CML signal level time series as a detection criteria. Our results show that within the analyzed period of April to September 2018, the CNN generalizes well to the validation CMLs and time periods. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis shows that the CNN is outperforming the reference method, detecting on average 76 % of all rainy and 97 % of all nonrainy periods. From all periods with a reference rain rate larger than 0.6 mm h−1, more than 90 % was detected. We also show that the improved event detection leads to a significant reduction of falsely estimated rainfall by up to 51 %. At the same time, the quality of the correctly estimated rainfall is kept at the same level in regards to the Pearson correlation with the radar rainfall. In conclusion, we find that CNNs are a robust and promising tool to detect rainfall-induced attenuation patterns in CML signal levels from a large CML data set covering all of Germany.
Evaluation and optimization of ICOS atmospheric station data as
part of the labeling process
Authors: Yver-Kwok Camille , Philippon Carole , Bergamaschi Peter , Biermann Tobias , Calzolari Francescopiero , Chen Huilin , Conil Sébastien , Cristofanelli Paolo , Delmotte Marc , Hatakka Juha , Heliasz Michal , Hermansen Ove , Komínková Kateřina , Kubistin Dagmar , Kumps Nicolas , Laurent Olivier , Laurila Tuomas , Lehner Irene , Levula Janne , Lindauer Matthias , Lopez Morgan , Mammarella Ivan , Manca Giovanni , Marklund Per , Metzger Jean-Marc , Mölder Meelis , Platt Stephen M. , Ramonet Michel , Rivier Leonard , Scheeren Bert , Sha Mahesh Kumar , Smith Paul , Steinbacher Martin , Vítková Gabriela , Wyss Simon
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) is a pan-European research infrastructure which provides harmonized and high precision scientific data on the carbon cycle and the greenhouse gas (GHG) budget. All stations have to undergo a rigorous assessment before being labeled, i.e. receiving approval to join the network. In this paper, we present the labeling process for the ICOS atmospheric network through the 23 stations that have been labeled between November 2017 and November 2019. We describe the labeling steps as well as the quality controls used to verify that the ICOS data (CO2, CH4, CO and meteorological measurements) attain the expected quality level defined within ICOS. To ensure the quality of the GHG data, three to four calibration gases and two target gases, one measured two to three times a day, the other with the calibration gases (twice a month) are measured. The data are controlled on a weekly basis and tests on the station sampling lines are performed twice a year. From these high-quality data, we conclude that regular calibrations of the CO2, CH4 and CO analyzers used here (twice a month) are important in particular for carbon monoxide (CO) due to the analyzer's variability and that reducing the number of calibration injections (from four to three) in a calibration sequence is possible and permits saving gas and extend the calibration gas lifespan. We also show that currently, the on-site water vapor correction test does not deliver quantitative results possibly due to environmental factors. Thus the use of a drying system is strongly recommended. Finally, the mandatory regular intake line tests are shown to be useful to detect artifacts and leaks as shown here via three different examples at the stations.
Simultaneous detection of atmospheric HONO and NO2 utilizing an IBBCEAS system based on an iterative algorithm
Authors: Tang Ke , Qin Min , Fang Wu , Duan Jun , Meng Fanhao , Ye Kaidi , Zhang Helu , Xie Pinhua , He Yabai , Xu Wenbin , Liu Jianguo , Liu Wenqing
Published: July 2020

Abstract. We present an improved incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) system based on iterative retrieval algorithm for simultaneous detection of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The conventional IBBCEAS retrieval algorithm depends on the absolute change of light intensity, which requires high stability of light source and stable transmission of light intensity of all optical components. The new algorithm has an iterative module to obtain the effective absorption optical path length, and then the concentrations of HONO and NO2 are determined by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) retrieval, so it is insensitive to the fluctuation of absolute light intensity. The robustness of the system is verified by simulating the influence of the relative change of light intensity on the spectral retrieval results. The effect of nitrogen purging in front of the cavity mirrors on shortening the actual cavity length was measured and corrected by using NO2 gas samples. Allan deviation analysis was conducted to determine the system stability, indicating the detection limits (2δ) of HONO and NO2 are 0.08 ppbv and 0.14 ppbv at an integration time of 60 s, respectively. Furthermore, Kalman filtering was used to improve the detection precision of the system. The detection sensitivity of the system at an integration time of 3 s can be improved by 4.5-fold with applying Kalman filtering, which is equivalent to the detection sensitivity at an integration time of 60 s without applying Kalman filtering. The atmospheric HONO and NO2 were observed by the IBBCEAS system based on iterative algorithm, and compared with those measured by conventional IBBCEAS.
Stratospheric ozone and QBO interaction with the tropical troposphere on intraseasonal and interanual time-scales: a wave interaction perspective
Authors: Raphaldini Breno , Teruya Andre Seiji Watake , Leite da Silva Dias Pedro , Takahashi Daniel Yasumassa , Massaroppe Lucas
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the main controller of the weather in the tropics on intraseasonal time-scales and recent research provide evidences that the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) influences the MJO interannual variability. However the physical mechanisms behind this interaction are not completely understood. Recent studies on the normal mode structure of the MJO indicates the contribution of global scale Kelvin and Rossby waves. In this study we test whether these MJO-related normal modes are affected by the QBO and stratospheric ozone. The Partial Directed Coherence method enabled us to probe the direction and frequency of the interactions. It was found that the tropical stratosphere influences the MJO, with ozone and stratospheric wind influencing the MJO at periods of 1–2 months and 1.5–2.5 years, and on the decadal time-scale, the latter probably related to solar cycle forcing. We explore the physical mechanisms behind the stratosphere-troposphere interactions by performing a linear regression between the MJO/QBO indices and the amplitudes of the normal modes of the atmosphere obtained by projections on a normal mode basis using ERA-Interim reanalysis data. The MJO is dominated by symmetric Rossby modes but is also influenced by Kelvin and asymmetric Rossby modes. The QBO is mostly explained by westward propagating inertio gravity waves and asymmetric Rossby waves. We explore the previous results by identifying interactions between those modes and between the modes and the ozone concentration. In particular, westward inertio-gravity waves, associated with the QBO, influences the MJO on interannual time-scales. These modes have their largest intensities above the Himalayas in the stratosphere, suggesting that this region plays a key role in the QBO-MJO interaction.
Natural hazard impacts on transport infrastructure in Russia
Authors: Petrova Elena
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The transport infrastructure of Russia is exposed to
multiple impacts of various natural hazards and adverse weather phenomena
such as heavy rains and snowfalls, river floods, earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, landslides, debris flows, snow avalanches, rockfalls, and ice
phenomena. The paper considers impacts of hazardous natural
processes and phenomena on transport within the area of Russia. Using the
information of the author's database, contributions of natural factors to
road, railway, air, and water transport accidents and failures are assessed.
The total risk of transport accidents and traffic disruptions triggered by
adverse and hazardous natural impacts, as well as the risk of road and
railway accidents and disruptions as the most popular modes of transport, is
assessed at the level of Russian federal regions. The concept of an emergency
situation is used to measure risk. In the risk analysis, 838 emergency
situations of various scales and severity caused by natural hazard impacts on
the transport infrastructure from 1992 to 2018 are considered. The average
annual number of emergencies is taken as an indicator of risk. Regional
differences in the risk of transport accidents and disruptions due to
natural events are analyzed. Regions most at risk are identified.
The Impact of Volunteering: A Multi-State Study of 4-H Youth Development Volunteers
Authors: Grant Samantha , Maass Sarah , Vettern Rachelle , Harrington Rebecca , O’Neil Kandi , McGlaughlin Patricia , Good Tillie
Published: July 2020

Volunteers are vital to youth development programming as a key piece of the workforce. This evaluation measured the impact of volunteers in the 4-H youth development program and demonstrated the value volunteers bring to youth development environments. The north central region 4-H volunteer impact study was conducted with volunteers in the 4-H Youth Development program across 12 states. The purpose of the study was to better understand the value of being a 4-H volunteer. Results showed that volunteers personally benefited from their involvement in these settings by becoming more experienced at working with youth and by learning skills that transferred to other settings. Volunteers also served as guides for youth as they gained leadership skills and gave back to their communities. In addition, the Extension organization benefits included volunteer time, donations of money and supplies, and volunteers serving as ambassadors for youth development programs.
Is ACE2 a friend or foe in the fight against the COVID19 pandemic?
Authors: Hossain Nafis
Published: July 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for an unprecedented global pandemic that has prompted attempts to mitigate its rapid transmission. A major barrier has been a limited understanding of the mechanisms that underlie its pathogenesis. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 may be an important receptor that the virus targets to establish infection, and this is upregulated with ACE inhibitor and angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) therapy. It has been suggested that avoidance of ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy may be advisable due to the theoretical risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these patients. A review of the literature to further investigate this possibility corroborated the significance of ACE2 for viral entry of SARS-CoV-2. However, the development of potentially fatal respiratory complications (i.e. acute respiratory distress syndrome; ARDS) appears to be influenced by a downregulation of ACE2 activity, rather than an increase. The literature suggests ACE2 has a protective role against lung injury by cleaving angiotensin II (Ang II). The effects of this are twofold: accumulated Ang II is associated with more pronounced lung deterioration, and the loss of its degradation products that have anti-inflammatory properties enables unopposed lung damage to take place. There is emerging evidence that this is also true for SARS-CoV-2 infection; increased viral load is associated with higher Ang II and extent of lung damage. Overall, the evidence indicates that viral attachment decreases, rather than increases, ACE2 activity which may contribute to the respiratory complications seen in severe cases. As such, discontinuation of ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy is currently not warranted.
De Cortázar al cine. Glenda Jackson y la evolución del imaginario femenino en los 70
Authors: Plaza-Morales Natalia
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo se centra en la lectura del cuento de Cortázar, “Queremos tanto a Glenda” (1980), con el objetivo de analizar la trama de esta historia ficcional, que gira en torno al fanatismo que aprueban un grupo de personajes por la actriz inglesa, Glenda Jackson. Mas allá de la ficción cortazariana, esta temática nos llevará a cuestionarnos acerca de la evolución del arquetipo femenino en el cine de los años 70, apoyándonos en las interpretaciones de la artista en dos de sus películas más destacadas, Mujeres enamoradas (1969) y Un Toque de distinción (1973). Para ello, tomaremos, como pautas metodológicas para apoyar nuestro análisis, algunas de las voces más significativas que sustentan las teorías feministas y el campo historiográfico del cine y de la mujer. De tal manera que, autoras como Annette Kuhn, Laura Mulvey, Teresa de Lauretis y Giulia Colaizzi, entre otras críticas, vienen a consolidar nuestro recorrido acerca del personaje literario y de la transformación del imaginario femenino. Al llevar a cabo la lectura del cuento de Cortázar así como el estudio del personaje de Glenda Jackson en dos de sus películas, podemos cuestionar los cambios de ideología cultural del arquetipo femenino. A estas variaciones han contribuido dispositivos como el celuloide, capaz de influir en la desubjetivizacion de las relaciones de poder entre los géneros.
Posibilidades de la investigación documental para el análisis interseccional de las políticas de igualdad
Authors: Jiménez Rodrigo María Luisa
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se abordan las posibilidades de la investigación documental para el análisis interseccional de las políticas de igualdad de género. Para ello, se plantea un análisis de los planes estratégicos de igualdad, vigentes en 2019 (o más recientes), desarrollados en España a nivel estatal y autonómico. Se examinan dos cuestiones centrales: 1) el reconocimiento de la interseccionalidad y de las desigualdades múltiples; y 2) la atención a grupos situados en posiciones múltiples de desigualdad. Los resultados muestran una incorporación muy limitada del marco interseccional en los planes de igualdad de género, aunque sí se atiende (aunque de forma variable) a distintos ejes de diversidad y desigualdad: principalmente, la edad / ciclo vital, el territorio y la exclusión social. El análisis documental ha permitido localizar las problemáticas interseccionales objeto de atención en distintos ámbitos sociales: principalmente, educación, violencia y políticas de inclusión social. Al mismo tiempo, se produce la infrarrepresentación de los intereses y necesidades de mujeres racializadas, migrantes y de minorías étnicas, así como una insensibilidad a la diversidad afectivo-sexual. El análisis crítico, reflexivo y situado que se plantea desde la interseccionalidad puede ayudar a incrementar la eficacia y la equidad de las políticas de igualdad de género al fijar la mirada en grupos y problemáticas situados en las intersecciones de múltiples desigualdades.
The Power of Necropolitics: Affect Theory and Violence in Perspective
Authors: Martin Annabel , Ortiz-Ceberio Cristina
Published: July 2020

This article offers an overview of the central arguments and theoretical contributions of affect theory insofar as they are interrelated to and connected with feminist thought. Necropolitics or the right to kill or to destroy is the theme of this two-part essay. This first section points to how the affective turn presents a return of critical theory to bodily matter.  Of special importance is the argument regarding the specific manner in which affective studies enable a strong grounding for social action and change by centering its theorizations on interpersonal and relational issues. Whereas the first part of this essay traces a panorama of how the affective proposes a new methodology for thinking about sentience and responsibility, the second section pays special attention to the entanglement of violence and heteronormative affections. The focus is on political violence, with particular attention paid to the Basque situation, on the inadmissible "right to kill" claimed by the warrior that involves a peculiar destructive (mis)understanding of community and of the self. Contrary to the necropolitical logic, the authors propose a feminist ethos linked to an understanding of the affective interstices that open up when emphasis is redirected from the anchors of social bonds/affects to those of direct interpersonal negotiation. In order to outline some of the affective movement entailed in the rethinking of identity in feminist terms needed for an undoing of the necropolitical energy in political violence—what Roland Barthes, terms "the neutral" (2005)—we focus on restorative justice and its affective universe
New approaches to the propagation of the antifeminist backlash on Twitter
Authors: Gutiérrez Almazor Miren , Pando Canteli Maria J. , Congosto Mariluz
Published: July 2020

A year after the #MeToo movement erupted, antifeminism started to retort. The idea behind the backlash was that ‘the men who have been accused are the heroes’ (Tolentino, 2018). Twitter was one of the public spaces where this confrontation occurred; the #HimToo backlash gathered steam in 2018 (Asimov, 2018) and expanded into 2019. Focussing on the reactions against #Cuéntalo Twitter campaign –the Spanish equivalent to #MeToo—, this article examines how the antifeminist backlash proliferates, offering a view of the dynamics driving it. The authors choose an eclectic and interdisciplinary approach that integrates graph theory and CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis), thus connecting social media formulations with offline discourses, and proposing new ways of studying social movements. To examine the backlash’s characteristics, this study utilises Congosto’s typology of Twitter profiles (Congosto, 2018). Findings suggest that both approaches are complementary and necessary, for while graph analysis enables the distinction of antifeminist communities on Twitter and their behaviour and characteristics, CDA allows investigators to uncover their discursive strategies and favoured themes.
Integración curricular: cultura de paz y derechos humanos en Centroamérica
Authors: Alonso Castilla Oscar Arístides
Published: July 2020

Los altos índices de violencia e inseguridad en la región centroamericana afectan aspectos tanto económicos, como políticos y sociales. Los esfuerzos de integración centroamericana en temas educativos que contemplen la cultura de paz en sus planes curriculares están en un segundo plano; puesto que las prioridades estatales del istmo se han centrado más en temas de cooperación económica – financiera y aduanera.
Characterization and Classification of Soils from Different Topographic Positions under Sugarcane Plantation in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Neswati Risma , Lopulisa Christianto , Adzima Ahmad Faudzan
Published: July 2020

The varied topography will influence the soil formation. This study aims to characterize and classify the soil selected on different topography positions of the sugarcane plantation area. The research was conducted in sugarcane plantation area of Camming, District of Bone, South Sulawesi, which was carried out from November 2017 to March 2018. This study used a descriptive method, observation and description of the nine soil profiles at three transects. Each transect consisted of three profiles points located in different positions, consisting of summit, backslope, and valleys. Each horizon soil samples were analyzed for their physical, chemical and micromorphology characteristics in the laboratory. Soil classification system was done by using soil taxonomy to the level of subgroups. The results showed that an average rainfall annual on the research location was 2.200 mm per year. Soil characteristics such as soil solum, cation exchange capacity, and sum of basic cations tended to increase in parts of the valley than in the back and summit. The primary mineral from the sand fraction included quartz, calcite, biotite, opaque, and orthoclase found especially in the position of the back and valley. The pore types consisted of vugh and packing void pores. Pedofeature type of soil was generally in the form of concretions and nodules that showed the process of oxidation and reduction. The soil type in the study area was classified into Typic Haplustepts and Typic Haplustalf.
Soil Development from Volcanic Ash Based on Different Pyroclastic Composition
Authors: Ahmad Asmita , Solle Muchtar Salam , Lopulisa Christianto
Published: July 2020

Potential volcano in several provinces in Indonesia played a significant role in the formation and quality of soil development. Soils that developed from the volcanic ashes often thought to contribute greatly to improve soil fertility, without regard to the nature and composition of the volcanic ash produced. Volcanic ash generated from the results in volcanic activity has a different composition, there are basaltic, andesitic and granitic, thereby affecting the process of formation and characteristics of the soil. The Objective of this study is to determine the soil development from different types of pyroclastic generated from Lokon volcano in North Sulawesi. The coordinates of research was in 1o 21' 18.0" N and 124o 49' 20.2"E. this research used ARL Quant X (EDXRF Analyzer) for X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Shimadzu XRD-7000 for  X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), geology map (scale 1:250,000), topographic map (scale 1:50,000), XRD software, GIS 10.3 software. Soil analysis for texture, pH, C-Organic, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). There are two types of pyroclastic as the source of soil development from volcanic ash, there are; 1) basaltic pyroclastic with 43.26% Si02 that are resulted from the first magmatic eruption and 2) andesitic pyroclastic with 5.09% Si02 that are resulted from the late magmatic eruption. Basaltic pyroclastic contains Fe 37.63%, Al 11.35%, Ca 13.17% and Mg 5.69%, while andesitic pyroclastic contains Fe 38.35%, Al 6.87%, and Ca 8.61%. Rainfall ranges from 2000-3500 mm/yr helped the soil formation and influenced the character of the soil, such as sandy loam of soil texture, 3.08% of soil C-organic content, 23.24 cmol+/kg of CEC and 148.93 cmol+/kg of clay CEC. Clay minerals content of the soil is vermiculite, kaolinite and, halloysite. Cation supply from basaltic pyroclastic influenced the formation of vermiculite mineral, whereas andesitic pyroclastic more influences the formation of the kaolinite mineral. Formation of soil texture with a predominance of the sand fraction is more influenced by the type of andesitic pyroclastic that more resistant to weathering processes.Keywords: Soil; volcanic ash; pyroclastic; vermiculite; kaolinite
Palm Oil Mill Efluent - Zeolite Mixture Improves Acid and Base Cations in Acid Sulfate Soil
Authors: SANTI IDA NUR
Published: July 2020

Acid sulfate soil contains high acid cations. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) mixed with zeolite can increase pH of acid sulfate soil. Base cations (Ca, K and Mg) on zeolite are exchangeable with H+  and Al3+ ions in acid sulfate soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of application of POME-zeolite mixture on acid cations of acid sulfate soil. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design, with 9 treatments of POME applied on 10 kg of acid sulfate soil. Acid sulfate soil was put into 45cm x 40cm polybag. POME plus zeolite powder (60 mesh, type clinoptilolite) was applied on soil by watering evenly and incubated for 4 weeks at room temperature. The results showed that the content of acid cations of exchangeable-Al and exchangeable-H decreased by 71.21% and 27.71%, respectively after application of POME -zeolite. The application of POME without zeolite decreased the content of exchangeable-Al and exchangeable-H by 46.54% and 42.75%, respectively. Aluminium saturation has decreased after POME-zeolite application from 42.68% (high) to 8.52% (very low). Base saturation increased after application of POME-zeolite application from 17.64% (very low) to 34.88% (low). Application of palm oil mill effluent-zeolite mixture decreased acid cations in acid sulfate soil. Base saturation correlates positively to pH and cation exchange capacity and negatively correlates to Al saturation. The main factors controlling the increase of pH, base saturation and cation exchange capacity of acid sulfate soil after POME-zeolite application were the decrease of exchangeable-H, followed by exchangeable-Al and total-Fe.
Patterns of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge in Preservice-Teachers’ Literacy Lesson Planning
Authors: Arya Poonam , Christ Tanya , Wu Wen
Published: July 2020

This study explored the patterns of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in 45 preservice teachers’ literacy lesson plans that integrated digital texts or tools. A priori coding and content analysis were used to identify preservice teachers’ demonstrations of combinations of TPACK constructs. Findings indicated that preservice teachers demonstrated TPACK (41%) and combined Technological Content Knowledge and Pedagogical Content Knowledge most frequently (42%), Pedagogical Content Knowledge less frequently (13%), and other patterns rarely, combined Technological Content Knowledge and Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (1%), Technological Content Knowledge (1%), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (0%) and combined Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (0%). This study cohered with previous research that found just under half of teachers demonstrated TPACK. However, it differed from previous studies that did not show patterns of Pedagogical Content Knowledge but Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, as our data showed Pedagogical Content Knowledge but not Technological Pedagogical Knowledge. Finally, it extended previous research by identifying patterns of literacy preservice teachers’ demonstrations of TPACK in their elementary literacy lesson plans. It also demonstrated new ways of combining TPACK constructs (i.e., Technological Content Knowledge and Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Technological Content Knowledge and Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, and Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Technological Pedagogical Knowledge), which when used to code the data resulted in a more comprehensive definition of TPACK. Only 2% of the lesson plans did not demonstrate any of the combinations.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF PROTECTING THE IMAGE OF NATURAL PERSONS IN POLAND IN THE LIGHT OF GDPR AND COPYRIGHT
Authors: Wojciechowski Łukasz
Published: July 2020

The article contains an analysis of the legal aspects of protecting the image of natural persons in Poland. The paper aims to compare image protection in the light of the provisions of the GDPR and Polish copyright law. The reform of the personal data protection system in the European Union countries and the entry into force of the provisions of the GDPR have led to the increased awareness of individuals regarding the need to protect their data, with particular emphasis on the image. At that time, it was necessary to change the approach to protecting the image which was previously protected under copyright law for a long time. The analysis was prepared using three research methods - institutional and legal method (analysis of normative acts), factor analysis (isolation of adequate factors affecting image protection), and a comparative method (comparison of GDPR and Polish copyright). The presented considerations lead to the conclusion that the entry into force of the provisions of the GDPR had a real impact on the protection of the image of natural persons in Poland constituting a supplement to copyright law. The article is scientific analysis, at the same time the author presents practical aspects of image protection with particular emphasis on the progressing popularization of modern technologies.
ZGODA MAŁOLETNIEGO NA UDZIELANIE SZCZEGÓLNYCH ŚWIADCZEŃ ZDROWOTNYCH
Authors: Puścion Marta
Published: July 2020

Celem artykułu jest analiza tematu wyrażania zgody przez małoletniego na szczególne świadczenia zdrowotne mające charakter nieleczniczy lub mieszany takie jak eksperyment medyczny, przerywanie ciąży, przeszczepianie komórek, tkanek i narządów, dawstwo krwi. Dodatkowo omówione zostały kwestie związane z antykoncepcją oraz decyzjami wiążącymi na przyszłość dziecka. Metodologia badań opierała się na metodzie doktrynalnej. Badania skupiały się na analizie aktów prawnych oraz literatury przedmiotu. Metody, które zastosowano to analiza ora metoda opisowa.
Ogólną zasadą jest, że do ukończenia 16 roku życia przez małoletniego, jego rodzice decydują o udzielaniu mu świadczeń zdrowotnych. W momencie, kiedy dziecko ukończy 16 lat, może współdecydować wraz z rodzicami o leczeniu.
Ustawodawca zadecydował o tym aby w odniesieniu do niektórych świadczeń zdrowotnych zastosować odmienne od ogólnych reguły. Najwcześniej, bo od 13 roku życia, małoletni może współdecydować z rodzicami o przeszczepie szpiku, przerywaniu ciąży, a najpóźniej, bo od 17 roku życia o dawstwie krwi. Najbardziej liberalnie została uregulowana kwestia zgody na eksperyment medyczny, ponieważ limit wieku został zastąpiony wymogiem posiadania przez małoletniego wystarczającego rozeznania. W artykule przedstawiono uwagi dotyczące tego czy rozróżnienie świadczeń medycznych ze względu na ich specjalny charakter jest właściwe. Dodatkowo zaproponowano zmiany w prawie odnoszące się do wyrażania zgody przez dziecko na przedstawione świadczenia, mające na celu ujednolicenie przepisów.
The EEC and Comecon: A Difficult Relationship, 1960-1974
Authors: PĂUN Nicolae
Published: July 2020

The degree of economic integration attained within Comecon never came close to the one fostered by the policies within the European Economic Community, notably the Common Commercial Policy. Moreover, the relations between the two entities were hindered by the fact that the Moscow-driven bloc fell short of granting recognition to the EEC, with trade relations being organized in the form of bilateral agreements between countries from both sides of the Iron Curtain, until the mid-1970s. This study chiefly relies on Romanian archives, which demonstrate the specific interests of socialist countries pertaining to the fate of their economic agreements with Western states, set against the background of the institutional progress made by the EEC in shaping its Common Commercial Policy. The attempts by the former to sabotage the Community endeavour are explained through figures indicating the amount of trade conducted with Western countries, but various breaches weakened Comecon’s position.