bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical Bistability by Creating an Internal Electrical Field and Its Application in Emerging Two-terminal Electronic Memory Devices
Authors: Paul Febin , Paul Shashi
Published: October 2023

This chapter focusses on the electrical bistability observed in nanocomposite memory devices that have been studied over two decades. Bistability, in the context of memory devices, has been discussed and visual tools have been employed for its examination as a general mathematical function. The bistability observed in memory devices, in terms of electrical hysteresis, has been focussed and typical curves observed in several studies over the last fifty years have been consolidated and systematically examined. The development of the field has led to much confusion in terms of understanding of the device switching mechanism, which has been investigated in detail. The discrepancies in the proposed device behaviour and the observations have over time led to the rise of many opinions/models to explain the physics of the device conduction switching. In this chapter, the charge-trap models have been examined and solutions to some open questions have been proposed in terms of analysing at the system from the perspective of field generation, instead of the material interaction.
Development, Challenges, and Future Opportunities of Spintronic Memory Devices
Authors: Liao Y.-C. , Kumar P.
Published: October 2023

Recently, the development of spintronic memory devices such as spin-transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) has become more critical since it has been demonstrated that it can used as a last level of cache or in embedded memory applications. However, there are some technological challenges such as lowering the write current, scaling of the device cell size, reducing the resistance-area product of the MTJ, etc. In this article, we reviewed the physics and development of several spintronic memory candidates including spin–orbit torque MRAM (SOT-MRAM), voltage-controlled exchange coupling MRAM (VCEC-MRAM), and magnetoelectric MRAM (ME-MRAM). We also benchmark the write and read performances of these candidates against SRAM. Last, the future application of spintronic devices in neuromorphic computing is also discussed.
In-sensor Computing Based on Two-terminal Optoelectronic Memristors
Authors: Lin Ya , Wang Zhongqiang , Zhao Xiaoning , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun
Published: October 2023

In-sensor computing, which is capable of combining sensing, processing, and memory in a single unit, has been proposed to implement a brain-inspired artificial visual system. Among the proposed candidates, two-terminal optoelectronic memristors with optical and electrical hybrid stimuli have been considered to be one suitable hardware for in-sensor computing due to their low power consumption, fast operating speed, and high scalability. Up to now, various optoelectronic memristive devices have been developed to overcome the drawbacks of conventional artificial visual systems with partition of sensory, memory and processing units. In this chapter, the recent progress in two-terminal optoelectronic memristors for in-sensor computing is focused. We introduced the physical mechanism of optoelectronic memristors in detail, including photon–electron and photon–ion coupling processes. The main operation behaviors can be classified into light–electric hybrid-controlled and fully-light controlled types. Moreover, optoelectronic applications, such as optoelectronic logic, image detection and memorizing, and low/high-level sensory processing functions, were also presented. Finally, a brief discussion of the perspectives and challenges for further development of in-sensor computing based on optoelectronic memristors is presented.
Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Memristors: Brain-inspired Computation
Authors: Pereira M. E. , Carlos E. , Fortunato E. , Martins R. , Barquinha P. , Kiazadeh A.
Published: October 2023

Memristors in crossbar arrays can accomplish computing operations while storing data at the same physical location, enabling a cost-efficient latency-free solution to the von Neumann bottleneck. Amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS)-based memristors can be engineered to perform filamentary- and/or interface-type resistive switching. Their superior characteristics such as high flexibility compatible with low-temperature and easy manufacturing evidence their potential for embedded flexible neuromorphic technologies. In this chapter, the state-of-the-art on AOS-based resistive switching devices is analysed, along with their suitability for specific neuromorphic applications such as in-memory computation and deep and spiking neural networks. Currently, crosstalk is the main obstacle to large-scale crossbar integration and, therefore, the proposed main approaches to overcome this obstacle are discussed. Here, given the high level of behaviour control offered by AOS-based memristors, self-rectifying characteristics or optoelectronic features can be established. Moreover, the compatibility of AOS films with both memristors and thin-film transistors provides the necessary means for active crossbars to be developed in a cost-efficient, simple and higher-interconnectivity manner.
Hybrid Devices for Neuromorphic Applications
Authors: Shanbogh Shobith M. , Anju Kumari R. , Anjaneyulu Ponnam
Published: October 2023

The world always seeks new materials, devices and technologies for a better future, and thus researchers keep exploring the possibilities. Advanced memory technology also aims to make the world better, comfortable, accessible and explorable. In this direction, hybrid devices consisting of dissimilar materials stacked or fused together can be considered as propitious. An attempt is made to identify the advantages of hybrid structures by implementing them into new memory technology architectures. Hybrid device structures including organic–inorganic, inorganic–inorganic (with different dimensions), an inorganic composite stacked between polymers, organic–perovskite, organic–organic and organic–biomolecule structures are discussed to showcase various memory related applications. The applications include digital memory, analog memory, multibit memory, and synapses. The neuromorphic application of these devices is also mentioned wherever possible. Some concepts like digital and analog memory, multibit memory and synapses are discussed elaborately. A crisp and easy way of understanding the neuromorphic application is presented in a schematic way for the comfort of the reader.
Memristive Devices for Neuromorphic and Deep Learning Applications
Authors: Walters B. , Lammie C. , Eshraghian J. , Yakopcic C. , Taha T. , Genov R. , Jacob M. V. , Amirsoleimani A. , Azghadi M. R.
Published: October 2023

Neuromorphic and deep learning (DL) algorithms are important research areas gaining significant traction of late. Due to this growing interest and the high demand for low-power and high-performance designs for running these algorithms, various circuits and devices are being designed and investigated to realize efficient neuromorphic and DL architectures. One device said to drastically improve this architecture is the memristor. In this chapter, studies investigating memristive implementations into neuromorphic and DL designs are summarized and categorized based on the switching mechanicsms of a few prominent memristive device technologies. Furthermore, the simulation platforms used to model both neuromorphic and DL hardware implementations, which use memristors, are summarized and discussed. This chapter can provide a quick reference for readers interested in learning the latest advancements in the areas of memristive devices and systems for use in neuromorphic and DL systems.
First GC/MS identification of aqueous ammonia: utilization of ethenesulfonyl fluoride as a selective and rapid derivatization reagent of ammonia in aqueous media
Authors: Shiraki Ryosuke , Wakigawa Kengo , Ogawa Shin , Gohda Akinaga , Mori Takeshi , Katayama Yoshiki
Published: October 2023

Ethenesulfonyl fluoride was used as a derivatization reagent for aqueous ammonia in GC/MS identification. This method was tolerable to some amine-containing interfering substances and applicable to ammonia quantification of commercial products.
Salicylic acid doped silica nanoparticles as a fluorescent nanosensor for the detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution
Authors: Liu Zhongyong , Huang Bomao , Liao Xianglin , Wang Li , Yang Xixiang , Hu Xiaogang
Published: October 2023

A fluorescence analysis method based on an organic–inorganic hybrid nanosensor for the selective detection of Fe(iii) was established, which can be used in the determination of trace Fe(iii) in fetal bovine serum.
β-Galactosidase-activated nitroxyl (HNO) donors provide insights into redox cross-talk in senescent cells
Authors: Sawase Laxman R. , Kumar T. Anand , Mathew Abraham B. , Khodade Vinayak S. , Toscano John P. , Saini Deepak K. , Chakrapani Harinath
Published: October 2023

A probe that generates nitroxyl (HNO) reveals the influence of redox cross-talk in cells.
Strengthening Pt/WOx interfacial interactions to increase the CO tolerance of Pt for hydrogen oxidation reaction
Authors: Long Daojun , Ping Xinyu , Ni Jingtian , Chen Fadong , Chen Siguo , Wei Zidong , Guo Lin , Zheng Jinyu
Published: October 2023

The electronic modulation of Pt to weaken CO adsorption was achieved by triggering strong metal–support interactions on WOx-supported Pt.
Spectroscopic characterization, molecular docking and machine learning studies of sulphur containing hydrazide derivatives
Authors: Shukla Soni , Rawat Poonam , Sharma Pulkit , Trivedi Prince , Ghous Faraz , Bishnoi Abha
Published: October 2023

Machine learning applied in chemistry is a growing field of research. For assessing structure–property variations, this paper describes in silico studies of the hydrazide derivatives of thiosemicarbazide (TSCZ) and thiocarbohydrazide (TCHZ).
A theoretical exploration of the structural feature, mechanical, and optoelectronic properties of Au-based halide perovskites A2AuIAuIIIX6 (A = Rb, Cs; X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Liu Diwen , Zeng Huihui , Peng Huan , Sa Rongjian
Published: October 2023

As a possible alternative to lead halide perovskites, inorganic mixed-valence Au-based halide perovskites have drawn much attention.
Insights into the role of water and surface OH species in methane activation on copper oxide: a combined theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Bhola Kartavya , Trinh Quang Thang , Liu Dapeng , Liu Yan , Mushrif Samir H.
Published: October 2023

An integrated theoretical and experimental investigation reveals how the presence of water alters the activity of metal oxide catalysts in gas-phase activation and conversion of methane.
Color-tunable luminescence based on the efficient energy transfer of a Tm–Dy system for optical thermometry and white LED lighting
Authors: Xiao Qi , Wu Xingyu , Zhou Na , Li Zhi , Liu Yuqi , Dong Xinyao , Yin Xiumei , Luo Xixian
Published: October 2023

Dy3+,Tm3+ co-doped K3Y(PO4)2 phosphors with high efficiency energy transfer can achieve color-tunable luminescence and have potential application prospects in the fields of optical temperature measurement and white LED lighting.
C–H, Si–H and C–F abstraction with an extremely electron poor I(iii) reagent
Authors: Tania  , Sceney Marcus , Bennetts Jason D. , Barwise Lachlan , White Keith F. , Dutton Jason L.
Published: October 2023

The recently discovered I(iii) reagent NO2-C6H4-I(OTf)2 is found to rapidly react with hydride sources, including HSiEt3 and relatively hydridic C–H precursors.
Highly selective Ag foam gas diffusion electrodes for CO2 electroreduction by pulsed hydrogen bubble templation
Authors: Hoffmann Hendrik , Kutter Maximilian , Osiewacz Jens , Paulisch-Rinke Melanie-Cornelia , Lechner Steffen , Ellendorff Barbara , Hilgert Annika , Manke Ingo , Turek Thomas , Roth Christina
Published: October 2023

The manuscript presents a novel approach for polymer-based Ag-DHBT-GDE fabrication, enabling highly efficient CO2 electrolysis to CO with remarkable performance and selectivity.
Transforming PVC plastic waste to benzene via hydrothermal treatment in a multi-phase system
Authors: Feng Bo , Guo Yong , Liu Xiaohui , Wang Yanqin
Published: October 2023

The upcycling of waste plastic to fuels, chemicals and materials is becoming more and more important, while transforming waste plastic into a single product is challenging although very attractive.
Thermal dynamics of few-layer-graphene seals
Authors: Rørbech Ambjørner Hjalte , Bjørnlund Anton Simon , Bonczyk Tobias Georg , Dollekamp Edwin , Kaas Lau Morten , Colding-Fagerholt Sofie , Mølhave Kristian Speranza , Damsgaard Christian Danvad , Helveg Stig , Vesborg Peter Christian Kjærgaard
Published: October 2023

Direct observation of gas leakage from few-layer-graphene-sealed electron transparent cavities with electron energy loss spectroscopy at elevated temperatures.
On-demand multiplexed vortex beams for terahertz polarization detection based on metasurfaces
Authors: Xu Wenhui , Li Hui , Duan Shouxin , Xu Hang , Zheng Chenglong , Li Jie , Song Chunyu , Zhang Yating , Shen Yun , Yao Jianquan
Published: October 2023

The manipulation of polarization states is crucial for tailoring light–matter interactions and has great applications in fundamental science.
Photoredox Diels–Alder ladder polymerization
Authors: McClure Emily R. , Das Pradipta , Idrees Karam B. , Jung Dahee , Farha Omar K. , Kalow Julia A.
Published: October 2023

Ladder polymers with highly saturated backbones are prepared using a photoredox-catalyzed radical cation Diels–Alder polymerization.
A cellular platform for production of C4 monomers
Authors: Davis Matthew A. , Yu Vivian Yaci , Fu Beverly , Wen Miao , Koleski Edward J. , Silverman Joshua , Berdan Charles A. , Nomura Daniel K. , Chang Michelle C. Y.
Published: October 2023

In this work, we describe the engineering of a microbial platform to produce six different C4 chemicals at near quantitative yields using a combination of metabolic engineering and directed evolution.
Impedance analysis of semiconductor electrodes in the accumulation region
Authors: Spitler Mark T.
Published: October 2023

General physical model for impedance of semiconductor electrodes from accumulation to depletion to inversion.
Correction: A review on thermochemical based biorefinery catalyst development progress
Authors: Gholizadeh Mortaza , Castro Cristina , Fabrega Sandra Meca , Clarens Frederic
Published: October 2023

Correction for ‘A review on thermochemical based biorefinery catalyst development progress’ by Mortaza Gholizadeh et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2023, 7, 4758–4804, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SE00496A.
Hearing Loss and Disorders: The Repercussions of Climate Change
Authors: Sherratt Sue
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Climate change is considered to be the greatest threat to human health in the 21st century, and its effects are accelerating. Extensive research has clearly demonstrated its increasing impact across the continuum of health conditions. Despite this, there has been limited attention to the ramifications of climate change on hearing loss and hearing disorders. This lack of consideration is somewhat surprising as the environment itself and its changing nature have a substantial effect on hearing.

Method:

Tackling climate change could be the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century. To address this issue, this tutorial provides a general introduction to climate change and its three major elements (pollution, infectious diseases, and extreme weather events) and their effects on health. The substantial consequences of climate change for the incidence, development, and exacerbation of hearing loss and disorders are clearly described and detailed.

Conclusions:

The challenge of responding to this very real and escalating threat to hearing requires a combination of prevention, advocacy, and education. These three roles place audiologists in the perfect position to take action on the far-reaching effects of climate change on hearing loss and disorders. To respond to this challenge and to fulfill these roles, several strategies, ranging from the individual level to the global level, are delineated for audiologists to incorporate into their practice.
Evolution of A Practitioner's Cultural Competence and Cultural Humility With Three Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Families: A Case Study
Authors: Bharadwaj Sneha V. , Daniel Linda L.
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

The objective of this case study was to document a practitioner's evolution in cultural competence and cultural humility when delivering aural rehabilitation via telepractice to three families.

Method:

The participants in this study included the practitioner and three mothers residing in different countries, all receiving aural rehabilitation coaching with their children via telepractice. The practitioner implemented an eight-step process to advance her cultural competence and cultural humility. She used the Ucare self-assessment tool pre- and postintervention to assess her cultural competence. Ethnographic interviews were conducted by the first author with the mothers to ascertain their cultural perspectives. Information from these interviews led to a 3-month phase of culturally modified intervention. A second interview was conducted with the mothers to evaluate their satisfaction with the modified intervention. The practitioner repeated the self-assessment after the modified intervention phase and documented her reflections and self-critique.

Results:

The pre-intervention cultural competence scores revealed that the practitioner had minimal awareness of the three cultures. Post intervention scores showed some improvement in cultural competence, though they remained in the minimal awareness category. Interview data revealed that the mothers approved of the modified intervention. The practitioner's self-assessment and self-reflection and the interviews with the mothers led to an action plan to further the practitioner's cultural competence.

Conclusions:

The eight-step process implemented by the practitioner led to increased cultural competence scores and the mothers' satisfaction after 3 months of culturally adapted intervention. The practitioner's perception and mothers' feedback suggested that more culturally congruent care was provided. Ongoing practitioner–mother collaboration was agreed upon to facilitate the practitioner's continued advancement in cultural competence.
The HERMES reflectometer at the JULIC Neutron Platform
Authors: Paulin Mariano Andrés , Pechenizkiy Ivan , Zakalek Paul , Lieutenant Klaus , Kämmerling Peter , Steffens Alexander , Kleines Harald , Rücker Ulrich , Gutberlet Thomas , Gautrot Sébastien , Menelle Alain , Ott Frédéric
Published: October 2023

HERMES is a time-of-flight reflectometer that operated at the Orphée reactor until 2019. In 2022, HERMES was installed at the JULIC (Jülich Light Ion Cyclotron) Neutron Platform as part of a collaboration between the Laboratoire Léon Brillouin and the Jülich Centre for Neutron Science. The main goal of the current setup is to probe the viability of neutron instrumentation at a High Current Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Source (HiCANS). As the flux at the JULIC neutron platform is several orders of magnitude lower than the original Orphée flux or the expected flux for a HiCANS, our current objective is to perform reflectivity experiments with supermirrors as a proof of concept. Nevertheless, Monte-Carlo simulations showed that the HERMES instrument’s performance at a HiCANS such as HBS or ICONE could match that of reflectometry instruments operating at research reactors or spallation sources. An experiment with a supermirror carried out in December 2022 allowed us to preliminary prove the feasibility of this kind of experiments at an accelerator-driven neutron source.
A design study of a 1-m2Multi-Wire-Proportional-Chamber Position-Sensitive-Neutron-Detector (MWPC-PSND)
Authors: Nowak Gregor , Stefanescu Irina , Beldowski Andreas , Fenske Jochen , Hall-Wilton Richard , Müller Martin
Published: October 2023

Neutron detection by MWPC based on10B4C coatings can surpass in performance the one utilising3He-gas in terms of position resolution and count rate capability at similar detection efficiency [13]. The use of m2-size foils coated by10B4C demands the development of a mechanical concept to avoid deformations of the neutron sensitive surface due to their own weight and the electrostatic forces resulting from high voltage for operation. To preserve a flat shape of the converter, a pressure gradient is applied between its both sides [4]. The design shall allow a stacking of detection modules consisting of sequenced elements [converter/x-y-multi-wire planes/converter] in few mm proximity. A multiple stacking of the detector modules is needed to accumulate a sufficient high detection efficiency for diffraction with thermal neutrons over the entire detector [2]. The MWPC is planned to have fifteen detection modules corresponding to an efficiency equivalent of 30 converters coated with 1.2 µm of10B4C. Efficiency simulations of a converter coating thickness-profile from 0.6 µm up to 1.2 µm prognoses a conversion rate up to 50 % for thermal neutrons and the presented design parameters of the 1-m2MWPC allow a position resolution of 2 mm.
The ortho-para transition, confinement and self-diffusion of H2 in three distinct carbide-derived carbons by quasi- and inelastic neutron scattering
Authors: Härmas Riinu , Palm Rasmus , Koppel Miriam , Kalder Laura , Russina Margarita , Kurig Heisi , Härk Eneli , Aruväli Jaan , Tallo Indrek , Embs Jan P. , Lust Enn
Published: October 2023

Microporous carbon materials are promising for hydrogen storage due to their structural variety, high specific surface area, large pore volume and relatively low cost. Carbide-derived carbons are highly valued as model materials because their porous structure is fine-tuned through the choice of the precursor carbide and the synthesis route. This study investigates H2 adsorption in three carbide derived carbons with well-defined pores and pore size distributions with quasi- and inelastic neutron scattering methods. Concerning previous studies, a wider neutron energy transfer window is investigated, and a detailed quantitative evaluation of the graphitic structure is presented. The graphitic structure of the carbon is shown to influence the speed of the ortho-to-para transition of H2. Namely, the ortho-para transition was the slowest in carbon derived from TiC, which also had the smallest average stacking size of graphene layers. The possibility to inhibit the ortho-para transition in cryo-adsorption devices is sought after to mitigate the evaporation of H2 during storage. In addition, the self-diffusion of H2 in different timescales is detected in carbon derived from Mo2C, demonstrating the usefulness of obtaining data in a wide energy window.
Theoretical calculations of neutron scattering cross sections for tetrahydrofuran-containing clathrate hydrates at low temperature
Authors: Xu Shuqi , Laporte Sara Isaline , DiJulio Douglas D. , Marquez Damian Jose Ignacio , Kittelmann Thomas , Bernasconi Marco , Campi Davide , Gorini Giuseppe , Santoro Valentina
Published: October 2023

Tetrahydrofuran-containing clathrate hydrate is considered as a potential cold and very cold neutron moderator material. The fully deuterated form is more promising because of the lower neutron absorption cross section of deuterium. In this work we present theoretical calculations of neutron scattering cross sections for hydrogenated and deuterated clathrates at low temperature. The scattering cross sections are generated by using the crystalline structure and phonon density of states obtained from density functional theory calculations. The theoretical neutron scattering cross sections serve to compare against existing or future experimental data.
BornAgain, software for GISAS and reflectometry: Releases 1.17 to 20
Authors: Nejati Ammar , Svechnikov Mikhail , Wuttke Joachim
Published: October 2023

BornAgain is a free and open source cross-platform software for simulating and fitting grazing-incidence small-angle scattering, oﬀ-specular scattering, and reflectometry. An authorative description as per release 1.16 of 2019 has been published in J. Appl. Cryst. 53, 262–276 (2020). This report explains the incremental changes from releases 1.17 to 20.
Comment réaliser une biopsie hépatique afin d’en tirer le maximum d’informations ?
Authors: Lecoindre Alexis
Published: October 2023

La réalisation de biopsies hépatiques est une étape importante dans l’évaluation d’un animal atteint d’une maladie hépatique. Les indications sont nombreuses et il est possible à partir du matériel obtenu de réaliser des examens complémentaires variés : analyse histologique, dosage du cuivre, bactériologie, recherche de toxiques. L’analyse histologique a pour but de caractériser l’affection hépatique et d’en préciser la sévérité, d’identifier la cause, et d’apporter une valeur pronostique. Elle permet également de contrôler l’efficacité d’un traitement ou d’évaluer l’évolution de la maladie et de la fibrose.
Diagnostic de gestation chez la furette par échotomographie à l’aide d’une sonde linéaire de 12,5 MHz
Authors: Tainturier Daniel , Savater Adeline
Published: October 2023

La durée de la gestation de la furette est de 41 à 42 jours, sa contention sur le dos pendant l’examen est difficile. Avec une sonde linéaire de 12,5 MHz, les vésicules embryonnaires apparaissent au 15e jour, les embryons sont visibles dès le 18e jour, les 2 disques placentaires forment une ceinture complète autour du fœtus le 20e jour.

Les côtes sont décelées dès le 30e jour, mais l’ossification est insuffisante pour projeter des ombres acoustiques dans les jours précédents le terme sauf au niveau des scapulas où elles apparaissent au 33e jour.
Forschungspartner*innen in der Versorgungsforschung: Bedarf,
Akzeptanz und Umsetzbarkeit von vorbereitenden Schulungen
Authors: Wimmesberger Nicole , Bierbaum Thomas , Keßler Laura , Brütt Anna Levke , Farin-Glattacker Erik
Published: October 2023

ZielZiel der dargestellten Online-Umfrage ist die Erfassung des Bedarfs,
der Akzeptanz und der praktischen Umsetzbarkeit einer Schulung zum Thema
Forschungspartner*in in der Versorgungsforschung, die sich an
interessierte Patient*innen und Betroffene richtet.

Methode Die Umfrage wurde Ende Januar 2023 über Mitglieder des
Patient*innenbeirats des Deutschen Netzwerks für
Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) bundesweit an Patient*innen-Verbände
und -Gruppen versendet. Die Umfrage besteht aus geschlossenen und offenen
Fragen. Die Angaben der Teilnehmenden (n=125) wurden deskriptiv und
inhaltsanalytisch in Anlehnung an Kuckartz und Rädiker (2022)
ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Mehrheit (90,4%) der Befragten findet die
Einbeziehung von Patient*innen und der Öffentlichkeit in die
Planung und Umsetzung wissenschaftlicher Studien sehr bis
äußerst wichtig. Dass mehr als 10% (bzw. mehr als
25%) der Patient*innen bereit wären, an einer
kostenfreien Schulung teilzunehmen und als Forschungspartner*in zur
Verfügung zu stehen, geben 41,5% (bzw. 17,9%) der
Teilnehmenden an. Mehr als Dreiviertel (76,8%) der Befragten halten
solche Schulungen für sehr bis äußerst wichtig.
Bevorzugte Formate der Teilnehmenden sind schriftliches Informationsmaterial
(57,3%), kurze Online-Schulungen (56,5%) sowie kurze, digitale
Informationsveranstaltungen (53,2%). Häufig genannte Hindernisse
für die Umsetzung einer Schulung sind Reisekosten (60,0%),
Zeitaufwand (53,3%) sowie die Notwendigkeit umfangreicher
Vorinformationen (48,3%). Die Vorschläge der Teilnehmenden
für eine erfolgreiche Durchführung einer Schulung beziehen sich
u. a. auf die Verständlichkeit der Fortbildung und die
Organisation (Ort, Dauer und Format).

Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen neben einem hohen
Bedarf an einer Schulung für Forschungspartner*innen, auch
einige Hürden auf. Eine kompakte, verständliche und digitale
Informationsveranstaltung mit schriftlichem Informationsmaterial erhöht
die Akzeptanz. Damit die praktische Umsetzung gelingt, werden die vorliegenden
Ergebnisse in die zu entwickelnde Schulung einfließen.
X-Linked Familial Hypophosphatemia: A Case Report of 27-Year Old Male
and Review of Literature
Authors: Abdullah Shadan Jabbar , Mahwi Taha Othman , Mohamad Salih Saeed Areewan , Abdulateef Darya Saeed , Rahman Heshu Sulaiman , Ahmed Shaho Fatah , Abdulqader Sarkan Ahmed
Published: October 2023

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) associated with short stature during childhood
are mostly referred to the hospital and diagnosed as vitamin D deficiency
rickets and received vitamin D before adulthood. A case is presented with
clinical features of hypophosphatemia from childhood who did not seek medical
care for diagnosis and treatment, nor did his mother or two brothers, who have
short statures, bone pain, and fractures. The patient was assessed for
sociodemographic, hematological, and biochemical parameters together with a
genetic assessment. A DEXA scan and X-ray were done to determine the
abnormalities and deformities of joints and bones despite clinical examination
by an expert physician. All imaging, laboratory parameters, and the genetic
study confirmed the diagnosis of XLH. A detailed follow-up of his condition was
performed after the use of phosphate tablets and other treatments. X-linked
hypophosphatemia needs a good assessment, care, and follow up through a
complementary medical team including several specialties. Phosphate tablets in
adulthood significantly affects clinical and physical improvement and prevention
of further skeletal abnormality and burden on daily activity. The patients
should be maintained with an adequate dose of phosphate for better patient
compliance. More awareness is needed in society and for health professionals
when conducting medical checkups during the presence of stress fractures,
frequent dental and gum problems, rickets, short stature, or abnormality in the
skeleton or walking to think of secondary causes such as hypophosphatemia.
Further investigations including a visit to a specialist is imperative to check
for the primary cause of these disturbances.
Differences of Bone Mineral Density by Characteristics of Sports in
Amenorrheic Athletes
Authors: Nose-Ogura Sayaka , Yoshino Osamu , Kinoshita Sakiko , Nakamura Hiroe , Harada Miyuki , Hiraike Osamu , Osuga Yutaka , Dohi Michiko , Nakajima Kohei , Kawahara Takashi
Published: October 2023

Hypothalamic amenorrhea leads to a hypoestrogenic state, causing decreased bone
mineral density (BMD), while strong impact loading on bone has been shown to
increase BMD. The purpose of this study is to compare BMD in female athletes
based on menstrual status and their sports/events by impact loading
characteristics. BMD at the lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry and hormone level. The subjects were classified into four groups
and BMD and hormone levels were compared among the four groups, which were
divided into amenorrheic athletes (AAs) and eumenorrheic athletes (EAs). This
study recruited 410 female athletes (164 in the AAs and 246 in the EAs), 55
athletes in non-impact sports, 123 in low-impact sports, 141 in multidirectional
sports, and 91 in high-impact sports. In the AAs group, BMD Z-score was lowest
in low-impact sports (Z-score: –1.53 [–1.76, –1.30]),
and was highest in high-impact sports (Z-score: 0.02 [–0.34, 0.38]). In
multidirectional and high-impact sports, BMD Z-score in the AAs group did not
show results lower than the average for non-athletes. When screening female
athletes for low BMD, it is important to evaluate the risk of low BMD based on
the impact loading characteristics of their sports/events, in addition
to the menstrual state.
Welche Kontextfaktoren der ICF haben für die
sozialmedizinische Begutachtung im Rahmen der Erwerbsminderungsrente eine
Relevanz? Ergebnisse einer Delphi-Befragung
Authors: Bökel Andrea , Gartmann Judith , Sturm Christian , Egen Christoph
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund Personbezogene Faktoren wurden von der Arbeitsgruppe
„ICF“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozialmedizin und
Prävention (DGSMP) klassifiziert. Die Leitlinien zur sozialmedizinischen
Beurteilung, das Sozialrecht und das dem zugrundeliegende biopsychosoziale
Modell fordern deren Berücksichtigung. Auf dieser Basis sollte im Zuge
einer Delphi-Befragung unter Expert:innen ein Konsens darüber gefunden
werden, welche dieser person- und umweltbezogenen Faktoren, wichtig für
die sozialmedizinische Begutachtung im Rahmen der Erwerbsminderungsrente bei
muskuloskeletalen Erkrankungen sind.

Material und Methoden Es wurde eine online Delphi-Befragung in drei Wellen
zur Konsensbildung unter Expert:innen durchgeführt, um relevante
ICF-Kontextfaktoren in der sozialmedizinischen Begutachtung zu identifizieren.
Um möglichst heterogene Perspektiven bei der Beantwortung der
Fragestellung zu involvieren wurden Personen aus den Bereichen
sozialmedizinische Begutachtung, Sozialrecht, Sozialmedizin, Wissenschaft, in
der Rehabilitation tätige Mediziner:innen, in der Rehabilitation
tätige Psycholog:innen und Patientenvertreter: innen rekrutiert.

Ergebnisse Für die Delphi-Befragung wurden N=76 Expert:
innen aus dem Feld der sozialmedizinischen Begutachtung rekrutiert. Von den 91
Faktoren wurden 86 Faktoren im Konsens, d. h. mit einer
Übereinstimmung von>80% der Teilnehmenden, als relevant
bzw. sehr relevant für die sozialmedizinische Begutachtung bewertet.
Lediglich der Faktor Sexualgewohnheiten wurde als kaum relevant bewertet.

Schlussfolgerungen Im Konsens als relevant bewertet wurden die meisten
Faktoren in den Kapiteln Einstellungen, Kompetenzen und Gewohnheiten und das
Kapitel Lebenslage. Dort wurden die meisten Faktoren als relevant konsensuiert.
Die Expert:innen einigten sich trotz ihrer großen fachlichen und
beruflichen Heterogenität. Das hebt die Relevanz dieser Kontextfaktoren
in der sozialmedizinischen Begutachtung im Rahmen einer Beantragung einer
Erwerbsminderungsrente hervor.
Comparison of Treatment and Prognosis Between Follicular Variant
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Classical Papillary Thyroid
Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Bing , Wu Wenming , Liu Jinjing , Liang Zhou , Zong Liang
Published: October 2023

This cohort study evaluated the associations of different treatments with the
prognosis of follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) and
classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (CPTC) patients. The data of 69034 PTC
patients were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results
(SEER) database. The 5-year mortality of CPTC and FVPTC patients receiving
surgery, radiation and combination therapy were compared. The univariable and
multivariable cox proportional risk models explored the associations between
different treatments and the 5-year mortality in CPTC and FVPTC patients. The
5-year mortality of CPTC patients was 2.81% and FVPTC patients was
2.47%. Compared with CPTC receiving lobectomy and/or
isthmectomy, those not receiving surgery were associated with increased risk of
5-year mortality [Hazards ratio (HR)=3.27, 95% confidence
interval (CI): 2.55–4.20] while total thyroidectomy was correlated with
reduced risk of 5-year mortality (HR=0.67, 95%CI:
0.55–0.80). Radioactive iodine (RAI) was linked with decreased risk of
5-year mortality in CPTC patients (HR=0.57, 95%CI:
0.50–0.65). CPTC patients undergoing both surgery and radiation were
related to decreased risk of 5-year mortality compared with those receiving
surgery only (HR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.48–0.63). CPTC patients
receiving neither surgery nor radiation (HR=4.53, 95%CI:
3.72–5.51) or those receiving radiation (HR=1.98, 95%CI:
1.13–3.48) were correlated with elevated risk of 5-year mortality. The
elevated risk of 5-year mortality in FVPTC patients was reduced in those
undergoing RAI (HR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.51–0.76). In
conclusion, combination therapy was associated with decreased risk of 5-year
mortality in CPTC and FVPTC patients, which might provide a reference for the
management of these patients.
Dietary and Nutritional Supplementation for Painful Diabetic
Neuropathy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Apergi Kyriaki , Papanas Nikolaos
Published: October 2023

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a serious and very common complication of
diabetes mellitus (DM). It negatively affects the quality of life, increases
morbidity and poses a financial burden on the health care system. Currently,
treatment of PDN focuses on glycaemic control, while pathogenesis-oriented
therapy has not yielded satisfactory results. The need to improve therapy
remains. There is accumulating evidence on the potential benefit of nutritional
interventions. This narrative review aims to examine the potential benefit of
dietary and nutritional supplementation for PDN management. According to the
preliminary research, supplementation with vitamin E, B-complex, omega-3 fatty
acids, CoQ10 or N-acetylcysteine seems to be associated with promising results
in improving PDN symptoms.
Thrombin Generation Markers as Predictors of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gyldenholm Tua , Hvas Anne-Mette , Christensen Thomas Decker , Larsen Julie Brogaard
Published: October 2023

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a main contributor to morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Biomarkers with the potential to predict cancer-associated VTE are continually sought. Of these, markers of thrombin generation present a likely option. The present systematic review examines the ability of three widely used biomarkers of thrombin generation: prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), and ex vivo thrombin generation, to predict VTE in both solid and hematologic adult cancer patients. Relevant studies were identified in the PubMed and Embase databases, and the review conformed to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Each study was evaluated using the quality assessment tool from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The review protocol was published on PROSPERO with identifier CRD42022362339. In total, 24 papers were included in the review: 11 reporting data on F1.2, 9 on TAT, and 12 on ex vivo thrombin generation. The quality ratings of the included studies varied from good (n = 13), fair (n = 8), to poor (n = 3) with a high heterogenicity. However, F1.2, TAT complex, and ex vivo thrombin generation were all found to be associated with the development of VTE. This association was most pronounced for F1.2. Furthermore, the determination of F1.2 was able to improve the precision of several established risk assessment scores. In conclusion, markers of thrombin generation were found to be elevated in cancer patients with VTE, and particularly, F1.2 was found to be a promising predictor of cancer-associated VTE.
Cultural inclusivity and corporate social responsibility in China
Authors: Sun Guangfan , Guo Changwei , Li Bin , Li Honglei
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to explore whether cultural inclusivity has a significant impact on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The research shows that firms located in regions with higher cultural inclusivity tend to take on more social responsibilities, suggesting that corporate humanistic care and environmental awareness are linked to cultural inclusivity. Furthermore, the effect of cultural inclusivity is more evident in large firms, state-owned enterprises, and firms with high board independence. The use of natural disasters as an instrumental variable in the analysis helped to address endogeneity concerns. Additionally, the outcomes indicate that regions with greater exposure to cultural inclusivity tend to exhibit more characteristics of “gender equality” and fewer characteristics of “power gap”, which have a strong correlation with CSR. These findings shed light on the impact of cultural inclusivity on corporate governance and help explore the informal institutional factors influencing CSR at the geographical level.
Structural, electrical, morphological, and interfacial characteristics of lattice-matched InAlN/GaN HEMT structure on SiC substrate
Authors: Narang Kapil , Bag Rajesh K. , Pandey Akhilesh , Goyal Anshu , Singh Vikash K. , Lohani Jaya , Yadav Brajesh S. , Saini Sachin , Bharti Preeti , Dalal Sandeep , Padmavati M. V. G. , Tyagi Renu , Singh Rajendra
Published: October 2023

This work highlights the influence of surface properties, on the characteristics of InAlN/GaN based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures grown on the SiC substrate by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The growth parameters, i.e., reactor pressure and V/III ratio were tuned to improve the morphological and two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) characteristics of the HEMT structure. It was found that V/III ratio plays a significant role in improving surface morphology and 2DEG properties without altering average indium composition. It was also found that 2DEG properties are highly sensitive to surface morphology and its features. The step flow smooth surface morphology with very low surface and interface roughness was observed in optimized lattice-matched InAlN/GaN HEMT structures. The sheet resistance of ∼170 Ω/sq with good 2DEG concentration (∼2.4 × 1013 cm−2) and 2DEG mobility (∼1500 cm2/V s) was achieved in the optimized lattice-matched InAlN/GaN HEMT structure. A comparison between different barrier-based HEMT structures, i.e., lattice-matched InAlN/GaN and strained AlGaN/GaN, was also discussed. Their structural, electrical, morphological, and interfacial characteristics were compared.
Bacterial extracellular electron transfer components are spin selective
Authors: Niman Christina M. , Sukenik Nir , Dang Tram , Nwachukwu Justus , Thirumurthy Miyuki A. , Jones Anne K. , Naaman Ron , Santra Kakali , Das Tapan K. , Paltiel Yossi , Baczewski Lech Tomasz , El-Naggar Mohamed Y.
Published: October 2023

Metal-reducing bacteria have adapted the ability to respire extracellular solid surfaces instead of soluble oxidants. This process requires an electron transport pathway that spans from the inner membrane, across the periplasm, through the outer membrane, and to an external surface. Multiheme cytochromes are the primary machinery for moving electrons through this pathway. Recent studies show that the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect is observable in some of these proteins extracted from the model metal-reducing bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. It was hypothesized that the CISS effect facilitates efficient electron transport in these proteins by coupling electron velocity to spin, thus reducing the probability of backscattering. However, these studies focused exclusively on the cell surface electron conduits, and thus, CISS has not been investigated in upstream electron transfer components such as the membrane-associated MtrA, or periplasmic proteins such as small tetraheme cytochrome (STC). By using conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements of protein monolayers adsorbed onto ferromagnetic substrates, we show that electron transport is spin selective in both MtrA and STC. Moreover, we have determined the spin polarization of MtrA to be ∼77% and STC to be ∼35%. This disparity in spin polarizations could indicate that spin selectivity is length dependent in heme proteins, given that MtrA is approximately two times longer than STC. Most significantly, our study indicates that spin-dependent interactions affect the entire extracellular electron transport pathway.
Assessment of the nonempirical r2SCAN-QIDH double-hybrid density functional against large and diverse datasets
Authors: Brémond E. , Rodríguez-Mayorga M. , Pérez-Jiménez A. J. , Adamo C. , Sancho-García J. C.
Published: October 2023

We update the Quadratic Integrand Double-Hybrid (QIDH) model [J. Chem. Phys. 141, 031101 (2014)] by incorporating the nonempirical restored-regularized Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed (r2SCAN) meta-generalized gradient approximation exchange-correlation functional, thus devising a robust density functional approximation free of any empirical parameter and incorporating all the constraints so far known for the exchange-correlation kernel. We assessed the new r2SCAN-QIDH expression on the GMTKN55 database and further extend its application to various types of non-covalent interactions (e.g., S66 × 8, O24 × 5). The assessment done shows that the model becomes very competitive in accuracy with respect to parent exchange-correlation functionals of any type, but without relying on any fitted parameter or numerical training.
Nanoscale imaging of He-ion irradiation effects on amorphous TaOx toward electroforming-free neuromorphic functions
Authors: Popova Olha , Randolph Steven J. , Neumayer Sabine M. , Liang Liangbo , Lawrie Benjamin , Ovchinnikova Olga S. , Bondi Robert J. , Marinella Matthew J. , Sumpter Bobby G. , Maksymovych Petro
Published: October 2023

Resistive switching in thin films has been widely studied in a broad range of materials. Yet, the mechanisms behind electroresistive switching have been persistently difficult to decipher and control, in part due to their non-equilibrium nature. Here, we demonstrate new experimental approaches that can probe resistive switching phenomena, utilizing amorphous TaOx as a model material system. Specifically, we applied scanning microwave impedance microscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy as direct probes of conductance and electronic structure, respectively. These methods provide direct evidence of the electronic state of TaOx despite its amorphous nature. For example, CL identifies characteristic impurity levels in TaOx, in agreement with first principles calculations. We applied these methods to investigate He-ion-beam irradiation as a path to activate conductivity of materials and enable electroforming-free control over resistive switching. However, we find that even though He-ions begin to modify the nature of bonds even at the lowest doses, the films' conductive properties exhibit remarkable stability with large displacement damage and they are driven to metallic states only at the limit of structural decomposition. Finally, we show that electroforming in a nanoscale junction can be carried out with a dissipated power of <20 nW, a much smaller value compared to earlier studies and one that minimizes irreversible structural modifications of the films. The multimodal approach described here provides a new framework toward the theory/experiment guided design and optimization of electroresistive materials.
Electronic and nanoscale structures of metal oxyhalide intergrowth photocatalysts
Authors: Chatterjee Kaustav , Stanley Jared , Dravid Vinayak P. , dos Reis Roberto , Skrabalak Sara E.
Published: October 2023

Multimetal oxyhalide intergrowths show promise for photocatalytic water splitting. However, the relationships between intergrowth stoichiometry and their electronic and nanoscale structures are yet to be identified. This study investigates Bi4TaO8Cl–Bi2GdO4Cl intergrowths and demonstrates that stoichiometry controls the tilting of [TaO6] octahedra, influencing the bandgap of the photocatalyst and its valence and conduction band positions. To determine how the [TaO6] octahedral tilting in the intergrowths manifests as a function of intergrowth stoichiometry, we investigated changes in crystal symmetry by analyzing features arising at the higher order Laue zone (HOLZ) of convergent-beam electron diffraction patterns. Higher Ta content intergrowths displayed a more intense outer HOLZ ring compared to lower Ta content intergrowths, indicating transformation from P21cn (orthorhombic) to P4/mmm (tetragonal). This finding suggests that more distortion occurs along the ⟨001⟩ directions of the crystal than the ⟨100⟩ and ⟨010⟩ directions. This variation directly impacts the electronic structure, affecting both conduction and valence band energy levels. By combining ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy, the absolute band positions of the intergrowths were determined. Agreement between the bandgaps obtained via ensemble and nanoscale measurements indicates nanoscale homogeneity of the electronic structure. Overall, the integrated approach establishes that the bandgap energy increases with increasing Ta content, which is correlated with the crystal symmetry and [TaO6] octahedral tilting. Broadly, the modular nature of intergrowths provides building block layers to tune octahedral tilting within perovskite layers for manipulation of optoelectronic properties.