bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les Granites des Complexes Annulaires
Authors: Bowden Peter
Published: October 2011

This book, Manual and Methods 4, published by France's BRGM, together with a mouthwatering preface by R. Black promises much for the student of ring complexes. It consists of four distinct chapters, each divided into a number of subsections, with 52 text figures and 9 tables. Although in reality it is based on a doctoral dissertation concerned with the newly discovered ring structures in Corsica, it is spiced with references to past and present research in Nigeria, and observations from French expeditions to the Kerguelen Islands. There are also brief commentaries on the author's observations in New Hampshire and Massachusetts. The text effectively represents a distillation of knowledge concerned with oversaturated alkaline magmatism in continental and oceanic settings. The book has a good bibliography with English‐language scientific literature references up to 1980. While aware that ring‐complex compositions can be variable, ranging from calc‐alkaline to alkaline, the author restricts his writings to granitic and related rocks of the alkaline and peralkaline spectrum.
Water and Agriculture in the Western U.S.: Conservation, Reallocation, and Markets
Authors: Lord William B.
Published: October 2011

Water conservation has long been an unqualified good in the western United States. But when westerners have said “conservation,” they have usually meant reservoir storage to prevent water from escaping downstream before it could be diverted and put to beneficial use. They took particular umbrage when the Carter Administration defined it to mean water demand management, a way of avoiding or postponing the construction of reservoirs. To oppose reservoir development in the West most certainly is to defy the conventional wisdom and to court political extinction. It is to brand oneself as daft or disloyal as well.
VLBI observatory begins operations
Authors: Carter William E.
Published: October 2011

A new radio‐telescope observatory located at Richmond, Fla. (near Miami), made its first successful Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations on December 9, 1983, according to the National Geodetic Survey (NGS). This test session was followed on December 21 by the first operational observing session of the full, three‐station POLARIS (Polar Motion Analysis by Radio Interferometric Surveying) network (the Richmond facility plus observatories near Boston, Mass., and El Paso, Tex.).

The POLARIS network was joined in the historic, December 21 observing session by VLBI observatories in Onsala, Sweden, and Wettzell, Federal Republic of Germany. Only 8 hours of operations yielded sufficient data to determine the location of the Richmond site relative to the other four North American and European observatories to within a fraction of a meter. Refinements will quickly reduce uncertainties to a few centimeters.
Assessing nuclear explosions
Authors: Smith Joseph V.
Published: October 2011

The all‐Union session on the Geophysical and Geochemical Consequences of Nuclear Explosions at the 1983 AGU Fall Meeting attracted a large audience, and many were unable to find a seat or standing room. The speakers and questioners emphasized the complexity of the processes and the need to extend the computer models. In particular, the global‐circulation models presented byscientists from the National Center for Atmospheric Research showed that smoke/dust clouds should cause major changes in the weather systems with great contrast between the temperature perturbations over oceanic, coastal, and continental regions. Important developments in the models and conclusions can be expected over the next few years as AGU members from many disciplines contribute their skills.
Latin American Geomagnetism Workshop
Authors: Svendsen K. L.
Published: October 2011

Modelers of the earth's magnetic held look to the network of magnetic observatories to provide information on secular change. Others, studying the shorter period variations, want the observatories to provide digital, machine‐readable data. Whatever the application, whether it be the data base for the International Geomagnetic Reference Field, time extrapolation for satellite surveys, or magnetospheric current studies, all users want more from the observatories than is presently available, especially from that part of the world composed largely of developing countries. Money might solve some of the problem, but it is generally unavailable. However, there are other factors, some of which are more amenable to solution.
Geo‐Biosphere Proposal
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An international, interdisciplinary program to study the closely coupled system of the terrestrial environment and the life that inhabits it has been proposed for later this decade. As currently outlined, the International Geosphere‐Biosphere Program (IGBP) would encompass at least a decade of research and would involve a host of nations. IGBP would embrace studies of physical, biological, and ecological processes. The program, which will focus on global change, will be one of the major topics of discussion this fall at the General Assembly of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU).

Development of the concept for IGBP was spearheaded by Herbert Friedman, chairman of the National Research Council (NRC) Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources. Following an informal discussion of the program 1 year ago, Friedman publically suggested the international program in April 1983 at the annual meeting of the National Academy of Sciences at a symposium marking the silver anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (IGY). Three months later, the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) gathered more than 40 scientists, government officials, and NRC staff at a workshop in Woods Hole, Mass., to consider the major problems for research in five areas that might be coordinated in IGBP: the atmosphere, oceans, lithosphere, biosphere, and the solar‐terrestrial system.
Hydrology at the Spring Meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A special, full‐day session on “Investigation of Mesoscale Precipitation Fields” is being organized by the precipitation committee of AGU's Hydrology Section for the 1984 AGU Spring Meeting under the joint sponsorship of the Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences sections. This session will contain about 10 invited talks by hydrologists, atmospheric scientists, statisticians, and mathematicians, with a new focus on interdisciplinary research in modeling precipitation fields. In the evening, a 2‐hour panel discussion will be held to explore in depth the scope of interdisciplinary research and climatic variability. For additional details contact: Vijay K. Gupta, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 (telephone 601‐232‐5366).
Urban hydrology
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Third International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage will be held in Goteborg, Sweden, June 4–8, 1984. Contact A. Sjoborg, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden, for more information. The Fourth Conference will be in late August 1987 in Lausanne, Switzerland, and the Fifth Conference is planned for Tokyo in 1990. The proceedings of the First International Conference, held in Southampton, England, in April 1978, are available from Wiley‐Interscience under the title “Urban Storm Drainage.”

The proceedings of the Second International Conference, held in Urbana, Illinois, in June 1981, are available from Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colo., under the title, “Urban Stormwater Hydraulics and Hydrology” and “Urban Stormwater Quality, Management, and Planning.”
Issues and conditions summarized by USGS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A chronology of recent significant hydrologic events, a state‐by‐state analysis of water conditions, and key water policy issues are described in two reports published earlier this year by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

In its 243 pages, the report National Water Summary 1983: Hydrologic Events and Issues highlights water issues and related activities in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the western Pacific islands under U.S. jurisdiction. Four concerns are addressed in this state‐by‐state analysis: water availability, water quality, hydrologic hazards and land use, and institutional and management issues. A chronology of significant hydrologic events between January 1982 and August 1983 is also included in the report. Copies are available for $9 each from the Branch of Distribution, Text Products Section, USGS, 604 South Pickett St., Alexandria, VA 22304. Orders must specify water supply paper 2250 and must include a check or money order made payable to the Department of the Interior/USGS.
Groundwater management modeling
Authors: Gorelick Steven M.
Published: October 2011

The symposium on Optimization Techniques for Managing Groundwater and Stream‐Aquifer Systems, held at the 1983 AGU Fall Meeting, covered (1) small‐scale optimal design of well fields which were for the most part associated with the containment of contaminated groundwater, and (2) use of management models to evaluate conjunctiveuse and water allocation policy. The presentations focused on methodology and case studies which have combined groundwater flow (and contaminant transport) simulation with linear and nonlinear optimization.

The 8 presentations and panel discussion brought together those who have largely shaped the field of groundwater management modeling and those who have extended and applied earlier methods and made contributions as part of recent or ongoing thesis work. After the formal presentations, Manoutch Heidari chaired the lively panel which consisted of Nathan Buras, John D. Bredehoeft, Yacov Y. Haimes, Thomas Maddock III, Gerald T. O'Mara, and Robert Willis.
Atmosphere, Weather, and Climate
Authors: Houghton J. T.
Published: October 2011

The fourth edition of this book, first published in 1968, is to be welcomed. It is widely used in geography courses in schools and universities and has had considerable success in introducing, with the minimum of mathematics, synoptic and dynamic meterology and climatology into such courses. Its chapters cover atmospheric composition and energy, atmospheric moisture, atmospheric motion, air masses, fronts and depressions, weather and climate in temperate latitudes, tropical weather and climate, small scale climates and climatic variability, trends and fluctuations.

The main changes in the fourth edition have been in the last two chapters, which have been substantially rewritten. The chapter on small‐scale climates goes into considerable detail concerning the energy balance over different surfaces and also discusses the influence of pollution and urban conditions on the local climate. The first chapter on climate variability and change first presents evidence for climate change in the past and then briefly mentions, with virtually no discussion, a few possible causes of climate change. The possible influence of the ocean, for instance, is given only four sentences!
1983 Bucher Medal: John W. Handin
Authors: Raleigh Barry , Chandin John
Published: October 2011

It is hard to think of any presentation of an award more pleasurable to give or more deserving of receipt. John Handin, this year's Walter H. Bucher Medalist, has been one of the most distinguished scientists in the Bucher tradition. John's research has been devoted to the application of mechanics to the understanding of the deformation of the earth's crust. He is the preeminent leader in experimental studies of rock deformation. Along with King Hubbert he put together the superb group of tectonophysicists at Shell's research labs in the 1950s and early 1960s. Since then, Texas A&M's outstanding Center for Tectonophysics, which originated with Handin, grew to its present excellence under his leadership.
Quantifying submarine hydrothermal fluxes
Authors: Bender Michael L.
Published: October 2011

Many oceanographers believe that the chemical fluxes associated with deep sea hydrothermal processes are large and geochemically important, but quantifying these fluxes is proving difficult. Seawater‐basalt exchange takes place in high‐temperature hydrothermal systems at the very axis of seafloor spreading, as observed at the Galapagos Spreading Center [Corliss et al., 1979], and the East Pacific Rise at 13°N and 21°N [Michard et al. 1982; RISE Project Group, 1980]. It also takes place in the lower temperature hydrothermal systems, which are ubiquitous on the flanks of mid‐ocean ridges, until sedimentation, and void‐filling in basalt, seal the hydrothermal systems at crustal ages between 10 and 80 m.y. [e.g., Anderson et al., 1977].
No olivine in the mantle?
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Perhaps the most impressive factors in D.L. Anderson's analysis of new physical models of the earth are contributions from the numerous disciplines of modern geophysics, including 3‐dimensional seismological observations, high‐pressure experiments, highly precise isotope analyses, and studies of other solar system bodies [Science, 223, pp. 347–355, 1984].

The results? In short, there are the “ins” and the “outs.” For example, the basalt‐eclogite transition is back in fashion, whereas the notion of an olivine‐rich deep mantle assemblage is no longer in fashion. This analogy is not to be construed as any return to old, preplate‐tectonic concepts. Modern research, in the purest sense, is forcing “a reexamination of some long‐held assumptions.”
Radio telescope center selected
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Socorro, N. Mex., will be home for the operations center for the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) network of radio telescopes. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) selected Socorro because of its proximity to the Very Large Array (VLA), an existing system of 27 radio telescopes and will allow combined operation of the VLBA and the VLA. In addition, two of the proposed VLBA antennas will be nearby. With the proposed array of 10 radio telescopes—from Puerto Rico to Hawaii—astronomers will be able to probe the universe with a resolution 1000 times greater than any existing radio or optical telescope and 100 times that of the future Hubble Space Telescope.
Acid rain trends summarized
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In the northeastern United States, the acidity of precipitation has changed little in recent years, although the acidity is increasing in other regions. That's the latest word from a comprehensive review by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) of more than 200 published reports of acid rain research from the past 30 years. The report contributes to the controversy over whether increased sulfur emissions from Midwest powerplants increase the acidity of precipitation in the Northeast.

“When the results of the many individual studies are combined, they show that acidification of precipitation in the Northeast, which has the most damaging level of acidity on a regional basis, occurred primarily before the mid‐1950's and has been largely stabilized since the mid‐1960s,” said John T. Turk, a research hydrologist at the USGS Denver office and author of the 18‐page summary report.
Negev: Land, Water, and Life in a Desert Environment
Authors: Back William
Published: October 2011

In view of the continuing increased concern about the extreme fragility of deserts and desert margins, Negev provides a timely discussion of land‐use practices compatible with the often conflicting goals of preservation and development. The success o f agricultural and hydrologic experiments in the Negev desert of Israel offers hope to the large percentage of the world's population that lives with an unacceptably low quality of life in desert margins. Deserts are the one remaining type of open space that, with proper use, has the potential for alleviating the misery often associated with expanding population.

In addition to the science in the book, the author repeatedly reinforces the concept that “western civilization is inextricably bound to the Negev and its environs, from which it has drawn, via its desert‐born religions—Judasium, Christianity, and Islam—many of the mores and concepts, and much of the imagery and love of the desert, including man's relation to nature and to ‘God’.” Deserts often are erroneously perceived to be areas of no water: In reality, these are areas in which a little rainfall occurs sporadically and unpredictably over time. This meager water supply can be meticulously garnered to produce nutritious crops and forage.
AGU membership applications
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Applications for membership have been received from the following individuals. The letter after the name denotes the proposed primary section affiliation. Donald K. Balmer (H), Mark Bushnell (O), Charles J . Garcia (SS), Enzo Mantovani (S), Vicky Pease (T), James E. Quick (V), Gerard Schuster (S), Endre Skaar, Michael Underwood (T), J o hn J . Whipple (H).
Recent Ph.D.'s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman: (1) the dissertation title, (2) author's name, (3) name of the degree‐granting department and institution, (4) faculty advisor, (5) month and year degree was awarded. If possible include the current address and telephone number of the degree recipient (this information will not be published).
Mineral Deposits and Global Tectonic Settings
Authors: Brett Robin
Published: October 2011

This book aims to show how ore deposits are related to the concept of plate tectonics; it succeeds. Not too long ago, opaque minerals in a thin section were called “ore” by petrologists and then ignored, and ore deposits were freaks of nature which tended to be where you found them. Today, “ore” and ore deposits have become part of mainstream geologic studies—opaque minerals can reveal much about the evolution of a rock, and mineral deposits can reveal tectonic settings.

The main value of this book to most AGU members is that it shows how ore deposits can reveal tectonic setting; ambiguously in many cases, to be sure, but a pattern is emerging. Mitchell and Garson do not stress the flip side, the application of plate tectonics to exploration, although applications are apparent, and a short chapter is devoted to this aspect.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Home Reef (Tonga Is.): Submarine eruption builds islands; tephra to 12 km Submarine Volcano (Izu Is.): Large area of discolored water; small plumes Rabaul (New Britain): Seismicity intensifies, tilt rates increase Manam (Bismarck Sea): Pyroclastic avalanches, scoria Hows; eruption columns to 5–8 km; stage‐1 alert in force
1984 top sponsors
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Five hundred and eleven new members have been elected in the first 3 months of 1984. The top sponsors, AGU members sponsoring three or more new members, are listed below.
Venus volcanism and El Chichon
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Reinterpretations of telemetry data returned to earth from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter suggest that the surface of Venus may be characterized by violent immense volcanic activity. L.W. Esposito has made an interactive analysis of Pioneer ultraviolet spectral data and similar data from the earth's atmosphere [Science, 223, 1072–1074, 1984]. Spacecraft analysis of sulfur dioxide in the earth's upper atmosphere, apparently released by El Chich[acu]on, Mexico, in March 1982 (EOS, June 14, 1983, p. 411, and August 16, 1983, p. 506) prompted reanalysis of accumulated Pioneer ultraviolet data. Massive injections of sulfur dioxide into the Venus atmosphere could be the result of volcanic eruptions about the size of the Krakatoa explosive eruption that took place between Java and Summatra in 1883.
AGU awardees and medalists
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

The recipients of the 1984 Bowie, Ewing, and Horton medals and of the Macelwane awards have been announced by AGU. These distinctive honors recognize AGU members who make significant contributions to geophysics.

The William Bowie Medal is awarded to Marcel Nicolet, of the Free University of Brussels, for outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish cooperation in research.
Spring Meeting session highlights
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

On Monday afternoon in Room 2 an all‐Union session will discuss Approaches to an International Geosphere‐Biosphere Program, IGBP. The speakers in this session serve on a newly formed U.S. committee for an IGBP that is charged with defining a number of specific multi‐disciplinary problems that appear soluble through an intensive, international effort. Their presentations reflect individual views of questions and disciplines that might develop as candidates for IGPB emphasis.

On Tuesday morning in Room 2, four senior scientists involved in different aspects of space research will discuss their individual views of the current and likely future status of space research. The session should prove very timely in the light of recently announced NASA plans. It follows upon earlier all‐Union sessions, such as Satellites and the Geosciences held at the 1983 Spring Meeting in Baltimore and should be of interest to many sections of AGU.
What is the lithosphere?
Authors: Maxwell John C.
Published: October 2011

What is the lithosphere? What things subduct, what things do not, and why? How is the lower continental crust formed? Where are the large‐ion lithophile elements stored? Is the style of plate tectonics episodic? These and related questions were considered during a workshop held at the University of Texas at Austin in March 1982 under the sponsorship of the U.S. Geodynamics Committee (USGC). The objectives of the workshop were somewhat unusual in that participants were asked to identify assumptions underlying proposed models and hypotheses, with special emphasis on controversies inherent in the various models. No attempt was made to reach consensus. The flavor of the discussions is indicated by the questions above, devised by a steering committee, each serving as the point of departure for approximately one half day of the wide‐ranging discussion.
Year of ocean
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A national celebration of the oceans and their products will begin July 1 when the “Year of the Ocean” officially opens. A preliminary kickoff reception was held in March. The goal of the celebration is to increase awareness of the importance of the oceans.

“It is vital that we now look toward finding workable solutions to the vast and varied issues surrounding the wise use and management of our seas,” said John V. Byrne, administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and chairman of the board of the Year of the Ocean Foundation. The foundation includes public and private organizations.
AGU membership applications
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Applications for membership have been received from the following individuals. The letter after the name denotes the proposed primary affiliation

Sugyanto Amirwandi (H), Walter Bawiec (V), Nathan E. Bixler (H), Susan Burke (O), Chung Chan (SM), Richard B. Codell (H), Irene P. DePalma (O), Reinhard E. Flick (O), Kristen E. Franz (H), Chien‐Cheng Fu (O), Hiroyuki Fukuyama (V).
Priorities for solar and space physics
Authors: Krimigis S. M.
Published: October 2011

The Space Science Board's Committee on Solar and Space Physics is presently preparing a report for NASA on the priorities for new space science programs in solar and space physics, much as the Astronomy Survey (NAS‐Field Report) and Solar‐System Exploration Committees (NASA‐SSEC Report) did for their respective disciplines.

This National Academy report is intended to define a program of space missions and associated ground‐based activities that NASA should undertake from now through the 1990's that will make substantial advances in our understanding of the physics of the sun and heliosphere, space plasmas, magnetospheres of the earth and other planets, and the ionosphere and upper atmosphere of the earth.
Symposia on Chemical Oceanography
Authors: Andersen Neil R. , Herr Frank L.
Published: October 2011

A continuing concern of the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is the effective utilization of young scientists. To this end, these agencies are interested in becoming more familiar with the ideas being formulated by these individuals as they enter the field of oceanography and independently pursue their research interests. It is also felt important that these new graduates be in possession not only of the most recent information on the research climate and opportunities in their respective fields, but are provided an insight into the structure, missions, and modes of operation of the cosponsoring agencies of the symposia, as well as the procedures to follow in seeking support to conduct research from these agencies. As a result, the Marine Chemistry Program of NSF and the Chemical Oceanography Program of ONR were extremely receptive to a suggestion made in October 1976 by E.D. Goldberg of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography that it would be useful to have a symposium convened which would be completely dedicated to soon‐to‐be or recent Ph.D. graduates in chemical oceanography. After discussions at some considerable length with members of the scientific community, preparations were set in motion for convening such a meeting, which was anticipated to be the first in a series.
Are you investing in AGU's future?
Authors: Whitten Charles A.
Published: October 2011

A tabulation of the various levels of contribution to the AGU‐GIFT program indicates the number of members who have been “investing in the future of AGU.” More than 6,000 members have contributed to this appeal. Can you find your place in the matrix? The members of the Steering Committee for this program are very appreciative of your response and support. We thank each and all of you.

The major support has come from the Individual Supporting Members and the Life Supporting Members. The lists of these donors have been increasing each year, almost doubling in number this year. More than 6,000 have now accepted the “voluntary contribution of J10” as shown on the annual dues invoices, and we are encouraged that so many have done this for 3 successive years. Those who made this contribution for the first time this year should plan ahead. The appeal will continue until 1986.
Space Environment Laboratory
Authors: Brennan William J.
Published: October 2011

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Space Environment Laboratory (SEL), along with several other NOAA programs, is slated for a major budget reduction in FY 1985, a reduction which would have a serious impact upon the space environment services now provided by the laboratory.

SEL, jointly with the U.S. Air Force's Air Weather Service, operates the Space Environment Services Center (SESC) in Boulder, Colorado. SESC acquires, in near real‐time, world‐wide data on solar activity, on the terrestrial magnetic field, and on energetic particles at geostationary and polar orbiting satellite altitudes. Data are available to SESC from solar observatories operated by both the Air Force and a number of nongovernment organizations, the NOAA geostationary and polar orbiting satellites, and a U.S.‐Canadian magnetometer network.
In Congress: Upcoming hearings
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following hearings and markups have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, April 17, 1984, p. 159).

May 17: Hearing on the space shuttle repair of the Solar Max satellite by the Science, Technology, and Space Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee. Russell Building, Room SR‐253, 9:30 A.M.
Terrestrial mass extinctions
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

That galactic triggering or forcing of terrestrial biologic crises could arise as a result of collisions (or close encounters) of the solar system with intermediate‐sized to large‐sized interstellar clouds of gas and dust is a theory postulated by R. Rampino and B. Stothers of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies. The idea is that episodes of major mass extinctions and impact cratering on the earth during the last 250 million years seem to have a dominant periodicity of 30 million years with essentially identical phasing. According to Rampino and Stothers, this terrestrial periodicity is found to be strongly correlated with the time needed for the solar system to oscillate vertically about the plane of the Milky Way galaxy, which is 33±3 million years based on current astronomical evidence (see Eos, February 28, 1984, p. 75).
Salton Sea research opportunity
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Opportunities will possibly be available for research during drilling and after the completion of a deep well planned in the Salton Trough geothermal area in southern California.

The Department of Energy (DOE) geothermal and hydropower technologies division has issued a request for proposals for a geothermal deep drilling project in the Salton Sea geothermal area. Evaluation of the proposals is expected to result in the award of a contract for drilling by late July. Drilling could begin in September and be completed in approximately 4 months.
Reply [to comment on “Opportunities for research in the geological sciences”]
Authors: Dickinson William R.
Published: October 2011

I think that Dr. Watts is quite incorrect to assert that marine geology and geophysics were given a “low priority” in the NAS‐NRC report on “Opportunities for Research in the Geological Sciences.” To the contrary, “Marine Geology and Geophysics” is explicitly identified in chapter 3 (pp. 59–61) as one of the five key areas for research in the geological sciences. Detailed discussion of the marine field was deliberately not included in the report because such treatment lay beyond the charge of the study committee. The “Committee on Opportunities for Research in the Geological Sciences” was constituted at the specific request of the Director of the Division of Earth Sciences of the National Science Foundation to provide an evaluation and overview of research opportunities that might form part of programs funded by that particular segment of NSF. This task was regarded as a critical one that should be completed within a short time frame. The committee did its best to respond to the need for its advice in a timely fashion. The existence of its report of restricted scope certainly does not preclude a future broader study of the sort envisioned by Dr. Watts.
1984 AGU Fellows
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Subir K. Banerjee—For important contributions to understanding the magnetization of rocks and minerals.

Charles A. Barth—For exceptional contributions to the scientific study of the atmospheres of the earth and planets.
Thunder day increase
Authors: Hilberg Steven D.
Published: October 2011

A report issued by the Illinois State Water Survey concludes that annual values of thunder days for North America exhibited a general increase of about 15% from 1901 to 1945, followed by a general decrease of 10% from 1945 to 1980. A study of the variability of thunder days across North America showed a general decrease with time, particularly after 1940. A major finding of this study is that frequencies of thunderstorms over areas as large as the North American continent show major long‐term trends.

The report, “Temporal Distribution of Global Thunder Days,” summarizes the results of a 1‐year study by Stanley A. Changnon, Jr., and Chin‐Fei Hsu of the temporal variations of thunder‐day records during 1901–1980 using quality weather records from weather stations scattered around the globe. A thunder day is recorded when one or more peals of thunder are heard anytime during the 24‐hour period from midnight to midnight, which is consistent with the definition of a thunderstorm used at first‐order weather stations since 1897. They found most stations in the northern hemisphere north of 45° latitude exhibited a general increase in thunder activity from 1901 to 1980. The project was funded by the National Science Foundation.
Research roundtable
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A blue‐ribbon panel of government, university, and industry leaders has been established to explore alternative approaches to strengthening their relationships.

The 18 member Government‐ University‐Industry‐Research Roundtable Council, organized as an independent unit under the aegis of the council of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), will address issues affecting and limiting the vitality of science in the United States. Thirteen of the 18 members are from universities and industry; 5 are senior federal officials. Dale R. Corson, president emeritus of Cornell University, is chairman of the roundtable council.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 9(4), April 30, 1984, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E84Mdash;005 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Fulfillment, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
Membership applications received
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Applications for membership have been received from the following individuals. The letter after the name denotes the proposed primary section affiliation.
Arctic Energy Resources: Energy Research
Authors: Gryc George
Published: October 2011

Arctic Energy Resources is a volume of 26 papers recording the proceedings of the Comite' Arctique International Conference, held at the Veritas Centre, Oslo, Norway, September 22–24, 1982. This was the fourth of a series of meetings on the Arctic organized by the Comite', an organization established in the Principality of Monaco with the active support of H.S.H. Prince Rainer III. The fourth Conference was opened by H.R.H. Crown Prins Harald of Norway, a noble beginning for a noble objective.

The North Polar Region has drawn world attention recently because of several large hydrocarbon and other mineral discoveries and because of major political and environmental actions in the North American Arctic. Since 1923 when Naval Petroleum Reserve number 4 (NPR‐4) was established, northern Alaska has been considered a major petroleum province. It was first explored systematically with modern techniques from 1943 to 1953. In 1958, Alaska became a state, and both federal and state lands in northern Alaska were available for private exploration. Building on the knowledge base provided by the Pet‐4 program and its spinoff research laboratory at Barrow, industry explored the area east of NPR‐4 and discovered the largest hydrocarbon accumulation (9.6 bbl crude oil and 26 Tcf (trillion cubic feet) gas) in North America at Prudhoe Bay. Concerns for environmental impacts, including oil spills, led to the passing of the National Environmental Policy Act in 1969. In 1970, over 9 million acres were set aside, now known as the Arctic National Wildlife Range, and in 1971 the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act was passed by the U.S. Congress. The Arab oil embargo of 1973 heightened the energy crisis and changed the economic basis for further exploration in the Arctic. The convergence of these events dramatically changed the balance of power and the pace of activity in the North American Arctic.
Practical approaches to earthquake prediction and warning
Authors: Kisslinger Carl
Published: October 2011

The title chosen for this renewal of the U.S.‐Japan prediction seminar series reflects optimism, perhaps more widespread in Japan than in the United States, that research on earthquake prediction has progressed to a stage at which it is appropriate to begin testing operational forecast systems. This is not to suggest that American researchers do not recognize very substantial gains in understanding earthquake processes and earthquake recurrence, but rather that we are at the point of initiating pilot prediction experiments rather than asserting that we are prepared to start making earthquake predictions in a routine mode.

For the sixth time since 1964, with support from the National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, as well as substantial support from the U.S. Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.) for participation of a good representation of its own scientists, earthquake specialists from the two countries came together on November 7–11, 1983, to review progress of the recent past and share ideas about promising directions for future efforts. If one counts the 1980 Ewing symposium on prediction, sponsored by Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory, which, though multinational, served the same purpose, one finds a continuity in these interchanges that has made them especially productive and stimulating for both scientific communities. The conveners this time were Chris Scholz, Lamont‐Doherty, for the United States and Tsuneji Rikitake, Nihon University, for Japan.
IRAS: Other planetary systems
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

The search is on. After IRAS (Infrared Astronomy Satellite) resolved cool (85 K), thermally emitting masses apparently in orbit around the hot (10,000 K) star Vega during the spring of 1983, considerable efforts have been made to identify other solar systems and planets. Right now observers accept any size planets, even 20 μ diameter orbiting particles as in the case of the Vega system, as a step in the direction that could conceivably lead to discovery of a solar system like our own. (See Eos, March 13, 1984, p. 97.)

In December 1983, IRAS results had been processed further. Among the many results, IRAS had found another solar system, again probably with only protoplanets. The star Formulhaut, like Vega, a well‐known navigational aid, has a similar protoplanetary system.
NSF Director to resign
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

Edward A. Knapp, director of the National Science Foundation (NSF) since late 1982, will resign his post later this year to return to research at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. President Ronald Reagan has announced his intention to nominate Erich Bloch, vice president for technical personnel development at the IBM Corp., as Knapp's successor.

Following formal nomination by President Reagan, the Senate must confirm Bloch as NSF director. If Bloch is confirmed, he is likely to bring to NSF the greater emphasis on engineering that the agency has sought in response to requests from Congress and the engineering community during the last year.
Underground Sound: Application of Seismic Waves
Authors: Morgan Thomas R.
Published: October 2011

J.E. White concerns himself, as stated in the Introduction, with naturally and artificially generated seismic waves, the properties of the rock they travel through, and the methods used to generate and detect them. He discusses these in terms of models of earth materials which can include the effects of porosity, layering, direction of travel, loss mechanisms, and a number of other phenomena. Although the emphasis is definitely on borehole methods, attention is given to surface problems, and many of the data examples cited are surface recordings.

Some needed mathematical tools, such as Fourier transforms and convolution, are briefly introduced in chapter 1. For the most part, his stated aim is to avoid the use of vector operators and tensor notation, although the lack of these methods may cause some readers to have difficulty connecting specific relations with general presentations from other sources. He steadfastly sticks to this goal, but the book is still laden with imposing math. Following in chapter 2 is a general discussion of plane waves and plane boundaries. This section covers the groundwork with which most readers will be very familiar.
CO2 extracts secondary oil
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Eighty to ninety percent (or more) of the petroleum in an oil field remains in the ground after conventional primary recovery is done and the wells run dry. Secondary recovery techniques that utilize injected natural gas or water can, if successful, recover an additional 20–50% of the original oil in place, but usually most of the oil stays in the ground. In the past few years it has been discovered that injection of supercritical carbon dioxide could be effective in extracting as much as 95% of the oil in place. Major pipelines to carry carbon dioxide from natural occurrences to oil fields are now being constructed according to a recent report by F.M. Orr and J.J. Tabor (Science, 224, 563‐569, 1984). Billions of dollars are being spent to construct three major pipelines and facilities for injecting carbon dioxide into the ground in the West Texas Permian Oil Basin.
The Fluid Mechanics of Astrophysics and Geophysics: Stellar and Planetary Magnetism
Authors: Parker E. N.
Published: October 2011

Stellar and Planetary Magnetism represents the proceedings of the Workshop on Planetary and Stellar Magnetism held in Budapest, Hungary, August 25–29, 1980. It is the second volume in a series on the fluid mechanics of astrophysics and geophysics, edited by P.H. Roberts. The first volume is Solar Flare Magnetohydrodynamics, with Eric Priest as volume editor. It is clear from reading both volumes that the overall editorial policy is one of exposition for an audience much broader than the experts that contributed the papers. Stellar and Planetary Magnetism, like its predecessor, is as much a textbook as it is a topical review of the latest developments. The successive sections are devoted to dynamo theory, high conductivity dynamos and flux expulsion, solar magnetism, stellar magnetism, geomagnetism, and compositional convection, the last topic referring to the forces that drive the convection in the core of earth. In that respect there has been a question for years whether there is enough thermal energy released in the liquid core to drive convection and power the geomagnetic dynamo. It now appears that the slow cooling and solidification of the liquid core, to form a growing solid dendritic core at the center, is the most effective means for driving the convection. The basic thermodynamics and hydrodynamics of this effect are presented with gratifying clarity and directness.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 9(5), May 31, 1984, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E84–006 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Fulfillment, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
New TOR editor
Authors: Richman Barbara T.
Published: October 2011

David A. Brooks, associate professor at Texas A&M University's oceanography department, has been appointed editor designate of The Oceanography Report (TOR). He succeeds Arnold L. Gordon of the Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory. Gordon, who initiated TOR in September 1981, is the new president‐elect of the AGU Ocean Sciences Section.

Brooks, a physical oceanographer, has been at Texas A&M for 6 years. His research interests include waves and tides, the interaction of waves and currents, Gulf Stream fluctuations, and Gulf of Mexico and Gulf of Maine circulation. Before going to Texas A&M, Brooks was a research associate and graduate faculty member at North Carolina State University in Raleigh.
Mount Wilson Telescope to be mothballed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

As part of its plan to direct resources to its astronomical research facilities in Chile, the Carnegie Institution of Washington will mothball the Mount Wilson 2.54‐m telescope on July 1, 1985, and will gradually decrease support for the 45.7‐m and 18.3‐m solar tower telescopes. Concurrently, the Mount Wilson and Las Campanas Observatories' technical development group in Pasadena, Calif., will be expanded.

New equipment will be acquired for the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile, where Carnegie operates two modern telescopes. A charged coupled device camera will be added to the 1.0‐m telescope at the observatory to yield more accurate imaging of extremely faint objects. Another charged coupled device will enable the recording of spectra of extended sources, including galaxies and emitting clouds. Eventually, this device will permit fiber‐optical feeds for the simultaneous recording of many objects in a group of stars or galaxies. Also on the list is a new spectrograph that will introduce high‐resolution spectroscopy for the first time at the Las Campanas Observatory's 2.54‐m telescope. Computer facilities at the observatory will be upgraded. In addition, improvements will be made for the television viewing systems that aid in locating faint sources in the telescope field of view.
1984 Robert E. Horton Medal to Charles V. Theis
Authors: Bredehoeft John D. , Theis C. V.
Published: October 2011

It is indeed a privilege to present the Horton Medal to one of my colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), C.V. Theis. Theis' contributions to groundwater hydrology over an active lifetime of inquiry have helped shape and reshape the science as we now know it. Certainly others may have accumulated a greater number of publications, but no one person has had a greater impact on groundwater hydrology in the past 50 years than C.V. Theis.
Session highlights
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Papers are solicited on the processes that control the chemistry of the global atmosphere and the connections between global atmospheric chemistry and climate. Tropospheric topics of special interest are biogenic sources of atmospheric chemicals, tropospheric photochemistry, heterogeneous reactions and removal processes, and long‐range transport and global distributions of various species. Contributions are also sought on the atmospheric components of biogeochemical cycles, the relationships between tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, and climate and relevant experimental research in instrument development and laboratory photochemistry and kinetics.