bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Saga of Diagnosing the Entry Behaviors of Ghanaian First Graders
Authors: Godwyll Francis , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

In Ghana, on average, a child enters the first year of the primary school at the age of six because fewmanage to go to first grade at the age of five. About 30% of these children would have had access tokindergarten or nursery education for at least one year (Ministry of Education, 1995). There are somechildren who before entering first grade, would have had early education on a continuum from one tothree years. Yet, the majority of children will enter the first year in the primary school with no priorexposure to early education. Therefore, they encounter large amounts of obstacles in their classroomssuch as holding a piece of chalk or a pencil. The purpose of the study is to investigate the hardships offirst graders, which stem from fundamental weaknesses of Ghanaian education, and how theirchallenges reflect upon the entry behaviors of the students. The crux of the matter is that to developleaders for tomorrow we need to pay attention to the students of today. According to a report from theCentre for Research into Quality Primary Education in Ghana (CRIQPEG), the country had one of themost developed educational systems in Africa but, as a result of political instability and economicmismanagement educational facilities, have deteriorated had and achievement levels fallen abysmally(CRIQPEG, 1993).
Reconciling Challenges and Opportunities in Academic Scientific Writing
Authors: Jusoff Kamaruzaman , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

To initiate the governmental strategy in Thrust 2 of the Ministry of Higher Education Strategic Plan CoreThrusts launched in 2007, and to nurture "First Class Mentality", in the currently running Ninth MalaysiaPlan (2005-2010); the need is vital for the educational sector to pick up the drive to manifest it. Thesecond thrust emphasizes on the strategy to raise the capacity for knowledge and innovation. For that,it is apt that the academia contributes towards the effort to achieve excellence. In addition, its fourththrust that is enhancement in teaching and learning; and the fifth thrust that is strengthening furtherinitiatives in research and innovation are greatly emphasised in response to the ever changingenvironment and global competitiveness (Kamaruzaman & Siti Akmar 2008). These are basis in whichthe initiative for writing and publication amongst academics can be established.
Computer Security Threats: Student Confidence In Their Knowledge of Common Threats
Authors: Schmidt George , Tanner Margaret , Hayes Thomas , null null
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates the possible existence of overconfidence by business students in their knowledge of different types of malware that may be present in current computer information systems. This article focuses on the students’ ability to understand and identify three main types: viruses, Trojans and spyware. The results are consistent with research suggesting that many students believe their computer knowledge is adequate (Weston and Barker, 2002), when the opposite may be true. Further, in an educational settings, students’ overconfidence in their computer knowledge exacerbates the problem of faculty falsely assuming that students have adequate computer knowledge (Messineo and DeOllas, 2005).
Institutional Servant Leadership: A Catalyst for Urban Community Sustainability
Authors: Grizzell Brian , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Servant leadership is a growing practice that calls for community leaders (politicians, clergy, andeducational centers) to be more pragmatic and lead others by serving them. Inspired by principles ofreligion, servant leadership implies that true servants make true leaders (Greenleaf, 2002, 21). Theymust be flexible in their approach and responsive to the needs of those they serve. Servant leadersmust also provide a fresh outlook based on their past experiences and contribute to society by meetingits demands in an earnest effort. Exhibiting such behavior definitely may have a positive impact onothers; thus inspiring them to do more to help others.
United States Organization Working to Strengthen School Leadership Preparation
Authors: Tripses Jenny , Hunt John , Watkins Sandra , null null
Published: February 2023

We have come into a time where there is of scarcity of resources, where colleges and universities arebeing pulled in different directions by many of its constituents, and state politicians are jockeying forwhich policies that they want to implement with limited or no resources to support them, which makesthe support for higher education even more scant. If there was not a more urgent time to have adifferent mindset to transform a college or university this decade, then there likely will not be one.Knowing the obstacles in which higher education institutions need to overcome, the leadership of acollege or university needs to be transformational in how it operates, thinks, and maneuvers.
Empirical Study of Public Bureaucratic and Private Non-Profit organizations and The Adoption of A Market orientation
Authors: Tworoger Leslie , Tworoger Thomas , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the uses of power bases by leaders of private non-profit organizations and leaders in a bureaucratic governmental organization and the adoption of a market orientation by the firm. The study was conducted on a state bureaucracy and the corresponding newly privatized agency taking over the developed services. Today, in till attempt to make government bureaucracies more efficient and economical, there is a major shift in governmental services to the private non-profit sector (O'Connell, 1996; Rosenthal, 2000; Alexander, 2000). These private agencies are expected to employ more business-like methods (Alexander, 2000) and be more focused on their operating environment (Vasquez, Alvarez, and Santos, 2002). This study sought to extend the existing research on the relationship between the leader and the market orientation of the firm.
Employee Retirement Education Programs: An Important Part of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Reisenwitz Tim , Skinner Lauren , Weld Leonard , null null
Published: February 2023

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is becoming increasingly important to organizations wishing to create a sustainable competitive advantage by attracting quality employees. The focus of this paper is to offer a framework for organizations to create CSR internally using relationship marketing principles. The framework for this propositional development is employee retirement options. The authors discuss the decline of the defined benefit pension plan, the increase in 401 (k) retirement plans, and the issues facing employees. Suggestions are offered regarding how organizations can create employee loyalty and improve corporate social responsibility within their organization by educating employees on their various retirement options.
Closeness Centrality: A Social Network Perspective
Authors: Kim Dong-Young , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Although the topic of a firm’s network centrality has received significant attention in the literature, little is known about the theoretical concepts behind closeness centrality. This study reviews the definitions of closeness centrality that have been proposed by researchers. This research also provides a proposition about how a firm’s closeness centrality influences its supplier firm’s performance in a supply chain context. Our findings show that extant research has viewed closeness centrality as one of the following dimensions: the distance to other ﬁrms, the number of links to other firms, and the level of embeddedness. We found that closeness centrality has been conceptualized as a firm’s ability to efficiently gain access to information and to achieve competitive advantage.
Neohumility and Business Leadership: Do They Belong Together?
Authors: Lawrence Pareena , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

This article looks at commonly accepted and newly emerging ideas of effective leadership in the literature. One such quality that has recently emerged in the discourse on leadership is "humility." Humility has traditionally been associated with weakness and even seen as antithetical to the leader persona. This article suggests a new view of humility, "neohumility," humility without weakness and transformed to fit the business world. It operationalizes the definition of neohumility and includes characteristics such as self-awareness, valuing others' opinions, willingness to learn and change, sharing power, having the ability to hear the truth and admit mistakes, and working to create a culture of openness where dissent is encouraged in an environment of mutual trust and respect.
Awards and Recognition for Exceptional Teachers
Authors: Andrews Hans , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

A book review of Awards and Recognition for Exceptional Teachers by Hans A. Andrews.
Calculating The Euclidean Technology Distance Of Dyads Using Patent Citations
Authors: Goeltz Don , Buzydlowski Jan , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Calculating the technology base of a firm is a critical first step in studies of the technology strategies of a single entity and in making comparisons between the technology strategies of firms. For example, many studies of alliances and alliance portfolios require calculation of the technology distance or technology overlap between firm dyads. These studies typically use the patents of each partner dyad as the bases for the calculation. This paper introduces a new method of calculating a measure of technology overlap using the patent citations made in the patent applications. Each patent application lists the patented technologies that are being cited, much like citations in an academic paper. Use of various distance calculations using patents and the use of patent citations to evaluate technology direction are accepted concepts in the literature. This paper combines and advances these ideas by using patent citations in the distance calculation. By examining patent citations, we calculate technology distance of a dyad at a broader and deeper level than would be available by looking only at the patents themselves. The paper first examines the current techniques for calculating technology overlap and summarizes some of the current applications. Then, the new calculation technique is derived and examples of the calculation are presented. Finally, areas for further research are explored.
The Insider's Advantage: CEO Experience and The Performance of Large Diversified Firms
Authors: Stimpert J.L. , Chesley Julie , Ostrowitz Amanda , null null
Published: February 2023

Much upper echelons research focuses on the effect of CEO experience on firm performance outcomes. This paper extends this research stream using human and social capital theories as a framework to examine the effect of CEO experience on the performance of large diversified companies. Our analysis of 239 Fortune “500” companies finds that larger companies are more likely to select insiders and individuals who have more firm-specific experience to be their CEO. We also find that the selection of insiders and CEOs with more firm-specific experience is associated with significantly higher firm performance. These findings highlight the importance of the human and social capital possessed by company insiders, and shed additional light on the strategic leadership of large diversified companies and other complex organizations.
Meeting the Needs of New Teachers Through Mentoring, Induction, and Teacher Support
Authors: Brannon Diana , Fiene Judy , Burke Lisa , Wehman Therese
Published: February 2023

Providing new teacher induction is an important practice that is common in schools around the world(Wong, Britton, and Ganser 2005). Teacher induction and mentoring programs have been found toreduce the rate of new teacher attrition, increase job satisfaction, and efficacy (Ingersoll and Smith2004). Mentoring has been the main form of teacher induction used in the United States since the early1980?s (Fideler and Haselkorn1999).
Developing Critical Thinking Skills Of Pre-service Teachers In Ghana: Teaching Methods And Classroom Ecology
Authors: Owu-Ewie Charles , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The study sought to answer these questions: How do the teaching strategies employed by Ghanaianinitial teacher educators and the classroom ecology they create affects the thinking skills of pre-serviceteachers? And what can be done to improve pre-service teachers’ thinking through teaching methodsand classroom ecology? The study employed a qualitative case study approach to investigate theproblem at Akatakyiman Teacher Training College (a pseudonym) in Ghana. Teachers in science,mathematics and social studies and students were interviewed and observed.
The Potency Of Privatisation In The Economic Development Of Nigeria
Authors: Odunaike K.O. , Amoda M.B. , Olatoye O.A. , null null
Published: February 2023

Privatisation has become the current wave moving across both developing and developed nations allover the world. This is so in order to promote efficient allocation and management of resources. InNigeria, like most other developing countries, the ownership and control of key public utilities havevirtually been the responsibility of the government since independence in 1960. The case forgovernment control of public utilities, such as electricity, telecommunication, gas, water supply and airtransportation is based on the argument that basic goods and services need to be provided to thecitizenry at affordable prices, and also that government needs to control the utilities due to the relativesignificance in the national economy. Over the years, however, the inability of successive Nigeriangovernments to provide the services in an efficient manner has led to persistent calls for reform. Inresponse, several polity initiatives have been undertaken, including market regulation, deregulation,liberalisation and privatisation. (Ibeabuchi et al 2003).
Table of Contents - Spring 2006
Authors: null Fort Hays State University College of Education , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Academic Leadership Journal Spring 2006 table of contents
Why are faculty wary of assessment?
Authors: Haviland D. , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Explanations for faculty hesitancy may be practical or principled, based on experience or hearsay,emerge from more general concerns about change, or be related to assessment in particular.Ultimately the reasons fall into four main categories: worries about the new work assessment presents,a "culture gap" in the way assessment is presented, poor word of mouth about assessment systems,and concerns about academic freedom.
Comparing Professional Development Experiences: Viewing the Constructivist Design Conference through the lens of a Professional Learning Community
Authors: Jones Jennifer , Jones Karrie , Pickus Frank , Ludwig Julie
Published: February 2023

The first step in this comparison process is to gain a clear understanding of the term "professionallearning community." Ubiquitously used in current educational literature, there is an inherent need todefine a professional learning community’s essential components (DuFour 2004). For the purposes ofthis piece, the concept of ‘professional learning community’ has four defining characteristics. Theseessential attributes are:(1) Supportive and collaborative conditions(2) Commitment to continuous improvement(3) Results orientation(4) Shared mission, vision, values and goalsWhile definitions that are more elaborate exist, narrowing the essential characteristics that this piecewill examine in light of the Constructivist Design Conference will allow subsequent reflections to bemore applicable to one’s own professional development. Through the comparison of these two models,it is our intention to provide a framework for understanding other professional experiences.
A Paradigm of Power and Possibility
Authors: Dauksas Linda , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

At the base of the Principal’s leadership and professional responsibilities is the ultimate power tocreate a model of ability and respect for every student. No matter the size of the school, age of thestudents, tenure of staff or status of the community, every principal can create a potent paradigmpromoting ability over disability, and opportunities over impediments. The power of this paradigm canimpact students, staff, and the entire community, far beyond the school campus.
Using Spreadsheet-Based Simulation To Evaluate The Fairness of The USGA Golf Handicap Index
Authors: Tiger Andrew , Ur-Rehman Kashif , Hurst Chandra , null null
Published: February 2023

Using spreadsheet-based simulation, the USGA Handicap Index was shown to be an unfair statistic in one-on-one and team competition in two common types of scoring: stroke and match play. Experiments were developed in which players of different abilities (based on central tendency and variation) competed against each other over many trials. The results showed that in some situations, based on identifiable differences in abilities, some players won/lost a disproportionate (unfair) number of times. The causes of unfairness are different in one-on-one and team play. Alternative procedures were proposed that proved to reduce the unfairness of the index.
Table of Contents - Summer 2009
Authors: null Fort Hays State University College of Education , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Academic Leadership Journal Summer 2009 table of contents
Trend and Data Analysis of Homeschooling
Authors: Geary Danielle , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Since the inception of the No Child Left Behind legislation, school districts have been faced with agrowing need to gather, analyze and monitor more data than ever before in their leadership of schools(Blink, 2007; Kowalski, Lasley & Mahoney, 2008; Mills, 2006). The adage that schools are "data rich"and "information poor", while comical, is often true. School systems are awash in data and drowning isa real concern for new and soon-to-be leaders. The critical task for school leaders is to turn existingstudent achievement data into a format that lends itself to answering questions and improvingoutcomes for the students. Common barriers to transforming data into knowledge in educationalsettings often include poorly designed or non-existent data systems, disorganized record management,and temperamental gatekeepers who withhold data to preserve power, or personnel who simply fail toask the right questions of the available data (Mills, 2006). Using data effectively does not require greatstatistical knowledge or high-priced analytical tools. It simply requires a desire to improve outcomes forstudents, staff, and school and a willingness to stop doing the same things and hoping for a differentoutcome (aka superstitious behavior). The ultimate goal for the training program delivered to studentsin the Masters in School Administration (MSA) program was to empower future principals to have theknowledge and skills to go beyond the usage of static reports and simple data views to develop skilland understanding of data as a dynamic entity to help support their leadership focus.
Assessing the Availability and Utilization of Research Findings in Nigeria for Sustainable Development
Authors: Duze Chinelo , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of availability and utilization of research findings insolving societal problems for economic growth and sustainable development in Nigeria. Thisrepresents a search in a different direction to attempt to explain the disappointing economic returnsfrom education in Nigeria. Investments in education seem to have failed to deliver the goods in Nigeriaand in most African countries, since most of them are still battling with under-development in the sensethat the following indices of development noted by Udoidem (1992) are still eluding most Africannations
A National Study of Baccalaureate Degree Completions in the Sciences: An Overview of Institutional Success by Public, Private, and Proprietary
Authors: Tietjen-Smith Tara , Davis Cheri , Williams Audrey , Anderson Gloria
Published: February 2023

Thepurpose of this study was to examine baccalaureate degree completions in the sciences within public,private, and proprietary higher education institutions by ethnicity to determine which educationalsectors (and science categories) were producing more graduates, specifically minority graduates.
A Commentary about the Black and Latino Doctoral Experience in the United States
Authors: Felder Pamela , Castillo Milagros , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The Central Educational Center is a product of multiple visions, desires, and hopes. The ideal vision isoutlined in a book entitled "The Eden Conspiracy" (Harless, 1997). Other perspectives include arequirement from local business that basic skills of high school graduates need to be rapidly improved,the desire of a growing local school system to provide costly industry-standard career-technicaleducation to all high school students, the vision of a regional technical college to "dual enroll" highschool students and make technical college a viable post-secondary option, and the hopes of aGovernor looking for a viable model to support his desire to reform education partly through a newinfusion of technical education opportunities.
The Not So “all-inclusive” Tourism In Jamaica: Economic Linkages To Local Supply
Authors: Gordon Leo-Rey , Harris Mark , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The government of Jamaica enacted a strategic master plan in 2010 to encourage the tourism sector’s inclusiveness by enhancing the participation of villas and other small lodging accommodations, increasing the use of locally grown produce, and encouraging commercial activity with formal and informal goods and services providers. An inclusive industry with strong economic linkages should encourage broader distribution of income and welfare. Field work was undertaken to assess stakeholders’ views on their commercial activity with the tourism industry. The sampled participants report stagnant and in some cases declining economic linkages with the industry. The results indicate that initiatives should be further undertaken to ensure a wider economic reach of the nation and region’s largest sector.
Gifted Is as Gifted Does
Authors: Monaco Theresa , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

In the last decades, interest in instructional process has drawn the attention of linguists to classroomdiscourse studies (Lee, 2007; Chen, 2007; Hall, 2007; Macbeth, 2004). Such growing attention hasbeen attributed to the importance associated with verbal discourse in meaning making (Chin, 2006).Chin further notes that a common ground available in the literature on pedagogical discourse is thethree-turn sequence interaction called "triadic dialogue" (Lemke, 1990 cited in Macbeth, 2004), orInitiation Response Evaluation (IRE) (Menham ,1979 cited in Chin, 2006), or Initiation ResponseFeedback (IRF) (Sinclair & Coulthard, 1975 cited in Macbeth, 2004). In other words, a classroominteraction primarily comprise of three actions: the teacher’s initiation of questions, learners’responses’, and the teacher’s feedback on the correctness of the responses. The three-part move in aclassroom discourse provides teachers the opportunity to ask questions which require predeterminedlow- order cognitive level short answers (Chin, 2006).
Applying Leadership Criterion of the European Excellence model for achieving Quality Management in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Anyamele Stephen , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

For institutions of higher education to be successful in the future, there is the need to deliver excellencein all its operations. This means that there is a real need to develop more effective and efficientinstitutional management practices (Steed et al., 2005). In order to reach this goal, many institutionsare turning to total quality management models such as the European Foundation for Qualitymanagement (EFQM) Excellence Model as an effective and practical tool to support improvementopportunities within higher education establishments. In an introductory text reproduced from the EFQMExcellence Model Higher Education Version (2003), the EFQM Excellence Model itself was to takeaccount of current management thinking, practices and working environment. Here, the Model isdefined as a practical tool to help organizations establish an appropriate management system bymeasuring where they are on the path to excellence, helping them to understand the gaps, and thenstimulate solutions confronting them. It is in this way that a model is seen to ensure quality and remainsdynamic (Steed et al., 2003: 307-319; EFQM Higher Education Version, 2003). According to Saraivaet al., (2003), among several approaches that can be used to guide the implementation of qualitymanagement principles in schools, one that has been followed with success involves the adoption ofexcellence models to support self-assessment practices and continuous improvement.
Table of Contents - Spring 2011
Authors: null Fort Hays State University College of Education , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Academic Leadership Journal Spring 2011 table of contents
The Meaning of Scientific Literacy: A Model of Relevance in Science Education
Authors: Nbina Jacobson , Obomanu B.J. , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The term ‘scientific literacy’ has been used in the literature for more than four decades (Gallagher &Harsch, 1997), although not always with the same meaning (Bybee, 1997). It is a simple term and itsmajor advantage is that it sums up, at the school level, the intentions of science education. The termscientific literacy avoids the use of distracting detail and, as such, convincingly portrays a complex ideawhich intuitively appears to be correct (Baumert, 1997). Baumert recognises that the core of the ideabehind scientific literacy lies in its analogy with literacy.
Home Learning Activities: A Feasible Practice for Increasing Parental Involvement
Authors: Bower Heather , Powers Joelle , Graham Laurie , null null
Published: February 2023

Research has substantiated the importance of increased parental involvement in schools for improvingstudent academic outcomes. Parental involvement in education has been found to be positivelyassociated with child academic success across multiple populations and age groups (Gutman &McLoyd, 2000; Lareau, 2000; López, Scribner & Mahitivanichcha, 2001; Steinburg, Lamborn,Dornbusch, & Darling, 1992). Results suggest that when parents are actively involved in their child’seducation, long lasting academic, social, and emotional benefits occur (Chavkin, 2006). For example,Hill and Craft (2003) found that increased parental involvement leads to early social competence, whichpredicts academic success. Similarly, parental involvement in school also increases opportunities forfamilies to access additional support and resources that may be necessary to achieve school successfor some students (Hill & Taylor, 2004; Lee & Bowen, 2006). Furthermore, increased parentalinvolvement has been identified as an effective strategy for reducing the achievement gap (Zellman &Waterman, 1998). Chavkin (2006) sums up these findings well when she states, "When parents areinvolved in their children’s learning, children do better in school and in life" (p. 629).
Assessment Practices in English Language at the Nigerian Secondary School Level: A Psycholinguistic Issue
Authors: Akinbode Oluwole , Dairo Anthony , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The major purposes to which the results of assessment could be put were diagnosis, evaluation,guidance, grading prediction, and selection. In Nigeria, it is unfortunate that the results of manyexaminations have been used almost exclusively for grading and promotion exercises and inevitablythere has been a neglect of diagnosis, guidance and evaluation although considerable informal use ofassessment for these purposes are made by teachers in the classroom.
Review of Bonjour Laziness: Jumping Off the Corporate Ladder
Authors: Maresco Peter , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

A book review of Review of Bonjour Laziness: Jumping Off the Corporate Ladder by Corinne Maier.
Eliminating Health Discrepancies: Insights through Free market or State control
Authors: Singh A. , Purohit Bharathi , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Healthcare inequality or healthcare disparity refers to the differences in the quality of health and healthcare across different populations. This may include differences in the prevalence of disease, healthoutcomes, or access to health care across racial, ethnic, gender, and socioeconomic groups.Differences among populations in the presence of disease and health outcomes are well documentedin many areas. In the United States, disparities are well documented in minority populations such asAfrican Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos, with these groups having higherincidence of chronic diseases, higher mortality, and poorer overall health outcomes. For example, thecancer incidence rate among African Americans is 10% higher than among whites, and adult AfricanAmericans and Latinos have approximately twice the risk as whites for developing diabetes. Similarly,disparities in the overall level of health in individuals also exist between differing socioeconomicgroups, with lower-status socioeconomic groups generally having poorer health and higher rates ofchronic illness including obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Those in lower socioeconomic statusgroups receive less consistent primary care, which is positively correlated to overall level of health inthe recipient. Similarly, in England, people living in deprived areas were found to receive around 70%less provision relative to need compared with the most affluent areas for both knee and hipreplacements.
A Comparison of the Leadership Practices of Principals of High Schools That Work Schools as Measured by the Leadership Practices Inventory
Authors: Knab David , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

According to the online Merriam-Webster dictionary, leadership is defined as "the office or position ofa leader, capacity to lead, the act or an instance of leading." (Merriam-Webster, 2008). Therefore, oneneeds to go to the definition of "lead" to discover the true meaning of leadership. Accordingly, to leadmeans "to guide on a way especially by going in advance, to direct on a course or in a direction, toserve as a channel for a pipe leads water to the house" (2008). Leadership as a verb must meanthat individuals are able to motivate people to advance in some direction. Leadership also implies thatthe leader serves as a channel for people to move forward to accomplish organizational goals. Thiscould include the need to change organizations so they are ripe to achieve these goals. What thismeans in practice is much more difficult. It is the pursuit of what leader’s do that has motivated many aresearcher including the author to investigate leadership in many venues.
One World Is Enough
Authors: Seaman Mark , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

When Sting wrote and sang these lyrics more than twenty years ago, he was trying to illustrate theabsurdity of dividing our planet into arbitrary designations (e.g., "Third World country") based onconditions such as location, status, and culture. Today, educators continue to make similar, broadassumptions about populations based on, among other things, cultural background, language, andreligion. These assumptions often inappropriately affect educational policy-making decisions at thenational, state, and local levels. Educators today must continually deal with issues such as racism,language barriers, political influences, and cultural inclusion. This must be done in schools whosepopulations are becoming more diverse while its curriculum, driven by legislation such as No Child LeftBehind (U.S. Department of Education, 2002), becomes more standardized.
Board Composition and Control: An Exploratory Analysis of organizational Crisis and Prevention
Authors: Donoher William , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Despite extensive scholarship on the subject of board control, the scandals of recent years suggest the need to revisit our assumptions - and our theories - regarding alternative board control mechanisms. This study uses an exploratory factor analysis comparing firms that successfully or unsuccessfully avoided governance failure and the onset of crisis to assess the consistency of board structures. Results indicate that there is some consistency among the successful firms, but that in genera/no common structural form can be linked to either success or failure. Thus, general rules cannot be relied upon, and a context specific approach to governance should be developed.
About Synergy and Dissynergy: Change, Strategic and Chaotic Decision Choices, and Resultant Outcomes
Authors: Crawford Chris , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Change occurs at a rate quicker than most organizations can strategically respond. In fact, like any gambler, decision making in the current business environment is little more than playing the odds in some cases. Nonetheless, organizations attempting to succeed must try to minimize the chaotic element of decision making through the introduction of strategic thinking. Moving toward strategic thought can sometimes propel organizations into a synergistic spiral of decision making - where one decision reveals further opportunities. Likewise, organizations that fail to prepare for the chaotic will find themselves falling into a dissynergistic spiral where failure breeds even more failure. The paper addresses the basic concepts of organizational change and decision making theory, describes a model of strategic and chaotic change, and highlights the resultant synergistic and dissynergistic consequences.
"Go Live in ’05"—From Hierarchy to Shared Governance in Higher Education
Authors: Maresco Peter , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Higher education is in the midst of a major transformation evidenced by several factors: greaterdemands from stakeholders; pressure to increase student enrollment, financial uncertainty, limitedresources, and a responsibility to contribute to the community’s civic and economic development.Faculty and staff in higher education are challenged to deliver education in innovative ways. Thisinnovation requires an expedient method of governance and necessitates careful examination of theorganization’s structural, cultural, and decision-making processes. To meet these demands, leaders inhigher education must examine decision-making processes and design governance models thatrespond quickly and efficiently to their myriad of constituents.
RTI in a Middle School Culture: Fitting and Tailoring the Approach Through Leadership
Authors: Alderton-Manzi Elizabeth , Erdmann Jean , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Educational rhetoric often focuses on assessment, scores, and performance components which can betreated as being discrete. Response to Intervention (RTI) however, provides an opportunity for schoolsto look at sound, research based educational practices that support student learning through the use oftiered interventions. The tiers are interrelated and action driven. Assessment is one tool within thetiered approach to learning. One of the most important aspects of RTI is that it is meant to be acollaborative, school wide approach to education that brings together teachers, specialists, specialeducation experts, and administration in an effort to help improve student achievement. Since RTI is notprescriptive, schools and districts across the nation are currently discovering how to implement RTI in ameaningful manner.
Cover and Front Matter
Authors: null null , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

null
A Leadership Primer: Managerial Leadership Defined and Discussed From The Perspective of Four Leadership Models
Authors: Heinze Timothy , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Managerial leadership is difficult to comprehensively define. A holistic understanding of managerial leadership is best obtained through examining and integrating multiple models. Four leadership models are reviewed from a historical, definitional, and applicatory perspective. The four models include three well-known, heavily researched theories (situational, transformational, and path-goal) and one relative newcomer (grass roots). Each model provides significant insights into the nature of true leadership, and the combination of these four models provides a holistic overview of leadership. After reviewing each model, the paper addresses points of convergence and divergence in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of managerial leadership.
Action Research as a Self-Improvement Tool in EFL
Authors: Turkyilmaz Mustafa , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

In this paper, action research method will be examined from the students’ perspectives. Actionresearch projects help the students to gain self-control of their learning experiences. Although actionresearch projects are more common on higher academic levels such as graduate studies, researchesshow that such projects are easily adaptable in prep schools or any foreign language learningenvironment. Ensuring the autonomy of the students to control and manage a project, an actionresearch project is a reliable method for EFL teachers. It also gives students a chance to individualizetheir learning experiences.
Meeting the Challenge of a Janus Job
Authors: Phelps Patricia , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

No one becomes an academic department chair in higher education without first having been a facultymember. After eighteen years as a faculty member at the same university, I was named interimdepartment chair in 2005. With this administrative appointment came the assumption of what Iperceived as a Janus job. In Roman mythology, Janus was the god associated with doorways andgates. He was frequently portrayed with two faces–one looking forward and one looking backward.Rather than being viewed as two-faced, Janus is more accurately described as vigilant. This imageseems to fit aptly the role of academic department chair, which Rud (2004) has identified as anunderstudied administrative role. In this essay I describe this particular leadership role and presentquestions for self-assessment.
Cheating In Academia- Different Attitudes and Remedies
Authors: Kitahara Robert , Westfall Frederick , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Universities have taken vastly different approaches to curving cheating and maintaining academic integrity throughout their academic programs in both traditional (in-class_ and Distance Learning (online) offerings. This ongoing research is focused upon assessing the wide spectrum of (technology-based and non-technology-based) approaches addressing these problems. In this paper the authors identify the research methods being used to develop an understanding of the extent of the problem and to identify reasonable solutions. The research tools include surveys of university students, instructors, and administrators, as well as select business organizations. Preliminary results for the student survey are presented.
A Study on the Consequences of Workplace Romance in Iranian Organizations
Authors: Salmani Davood , Taatian Ali , Hakiminia Masoud , null null
Published: February 2023

The Central Educational Center is a product of multiple visions, desires, and hopes. The ideal vision isoutlined in a book entitled "The Eden Conspiracy" (Harless, 1997). Other perspectives include arequirement from local business that basic skills of high school graduates need to be rapidly improved,the desire of a growing local school system to provide costly industry-standard career-technicaleducation to all high school students, the vision of a regional technical college to "dual enroll" highschool students and make technical college a viable post-secondary option, and the hopes of aGovernor looking for a viable model to support his desire to reform education partly through a newinfusion of technical education opportunities.
Differential Effectiveness of Provocation, Brainstorming and Emotional Mastery in Fostering Emotional Intelligence (EQ) Among Nigerian Adolescents.
Authors: Ogunyemi Bola , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

While intelligent Quotient (IQ) has long been used as a predictor of student success, as the worldenters the 21st century, research shows that Emotional intelligence (EI) is a better predictor of successthan the more traditional measures of cognitive intelligence (Goleman, 1995). Emotional intelligence isdefined as the ability to perceive emotions, to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotionalknowledge, to reflectively regulate emotions, to promote emotional and intellectual growth (Mayer &Salovery 1997). McQueen (2004) suggests that EI is highly predictive of an individual’s generaldomains such as career performance.
Product Diversification In Health Insurance With Comprehensive Coverage Benefits U.S. Health Insurers
Authors: Shi Bo , Baranoff Etti , Sager Thomas , null null
Published: February 2023

This paper studies the relationship between product diversification and financial performance in U.S. health insurers during 2005 – 2014. We focus on diversification among different types of comprehensive coverage – termed related diversification. We use a modified Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) as a proxy for product diversification and measure financial performance by both return on assets and return on capital. We find a robust positive relationship between product diversification and performance. Moreover, the positive relationship still holds when the performance measures are adjusted for volatility. These findings support the theoretical foundation of economies of scope and risk-reduction, as adapted to the U.S. health insurance industry. We also develop two empirical proxies for the underwriting and asset investment risk taking of health insurers. For health insurers, the relationship between performance and risk-taking in product and asset management is similar to other types of insurers. A noteworthy finding is that the positive relationship between product diversification and performance is stronger during the financial crisis years than in the recent healthcare reform era. This suggests that diversification as a risk reduction strategy may be less effective when reform changes the healthcare environment.
Attitudes of Teachers toward Teaching Creative Strategies
Authors: Limpert Kirsten , Ervay Stuart , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Given the recent national emphasis on standards and the use of high stakes tests, American teachersmay not have positive attitudes toward teaching creative strategies. It is possible for them to concludethat they will be held accountable primarily for how well students perform on summative tests that arebased either on state standards or the new national Core Standards being adopted by many states.With so much emphasis on standards, they may not be acquainted with the New Bloom’s Taxonomythat places creating at the top of learning hierarchy, nor are they likely to be aware of why that actionwas taken.
Academic Rank: The Impact on Full-time Faculty Salaries at Public Rural Community Colleges
Authors: Leist Jay , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

This study examined academic rank systems and their impact on full-time faculty salaries within one ofthe most economically challenged sectors of American public higher education: the rural communitycollege.
Whose Responsibility Is It Anyway: The Student-Athlete?
Authors: Satterfield James , Croft Chris , Godfrey Michael , null null
Published: February 2023

In today’s world of higher education, intercollegiate athletics, and complex society there is much focus and attention placed on the student-athlete. Regardless of the region of the country, the level of the school or the specific sport, the student-athlete experiences a high level of public and private scrutiny, which is often negative. According to Watson (2006), the general perception of college student-athletes is that they are privileged, pampered, lazy, out-of-control, and primarily attend school with the sole purpose of participating in intercollegiate athletics. This stereotype is often held by people who do not fully understand the relationship between the student-athlete and the academic setting.
Establishing a Learning Community to Support Research and Scholarly Training: A Case Study
Authors: Mills Jane , Birks Melanie , null Karen , null null
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the concept of learning communities as defined in the literature. An existing case study is described, and the issues that facilitated and constrained the development of this learning community are considered and discussed. Strategies to address threats to the ongoing viability and usefulness of a learning community to support research training are offered. The influence of leadership styles and their interaction with the theoretical underpinnings of the concept of learning communities is used to support the argument.
The Institutional Challenges of Full-time Faculty Retirement: Has The Expedition Accomplished All That it Promised and That it Should Accomplish?
Authors: Senese Jeffrey , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The retirement of full-time faculty is an issue that is currently and likely to continue to challenge manyhigher education institutions. It is an issue that has implications that are long-term and both positive andnegative. On the positive side for institutions, faculty retirements present potential opportunities torenew the core staffing of the institution. Faculty retirements may allow institutions to add new energyand innovation through the hiring of new faculty. Not that new ideas or innovations are the exclusiverealm of new or young, but fresh ideas and approaches in higher education are more typicallyassociated with new faculty coming to an institution for the first time rather than with senior faculty nearthe end of their careers. To be sure there are clearly exceptions to this phenomenon and perhapsperception and in the sphere of research that may particularly be the case as senior faculty areproportionately more productive researchers. Retirements are also opportunities to reallocate scarcefaculty salary resources to areas where student demand is particularly acute.
Motivation of Asian Americans to Study Medicine: A Pilot Study
Authors: Safferstone Mark , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

In the Background section, major trends in medical school population diversity are explored in regard toAsian American cultural values for success, Asian educational values and traditions, and relatednessto immigration laws fostering professional workforce immigration. This background exploration,presenting the diverse forces forming the environment for Asian American immigrants and their culturalroots, will help the understanding of the results of the pilot study on motivation of Asian Americans tostudy medicine.