bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DA ABORDAGEM DOS CONTEÚDOS DE ALIMENTAÇÃO E NUTRIÇÃO NO LIVRO DE CIÊNCIAS DA 8ª SÉRIE UTILIZADO NO MUNICÍPIO DE PETROLINA-PE
Authors: Dos Santos Silva Diego Felipe , Garcia Rosane Nunes
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho trata-se da análise dos livros didáticos utilizados para o ensino de Ciências nos anos finais do ensino fundamental, adotados pelas escolas públicas do município de Petrolina-PE, a fim de verificar como é a abordagem do tema Alimentação e Nutrição neste material. Identificamos que dos quatro livros analisados, apenas um apresentou conteúdos relacionados a temática. Com relação aos conteúdos de relevante importância para o entendimento e a prática da alimentação saudável, verificou-se que todos são apresentados nos livros, com exceção da diversidade alimentar e a classificação dos alimentos. Sobre os conteúdos que podem motivar os indivíduos a modificarem suas práticas alimentares é importante destacar que a causa ou origem da doença, bem como a perspectiva de orientação nutricional é ausente em todos os capítulos. Embora o livro didático seja uma das mais relevantes fontes de informação, sendo em inúmeros casos um dos principais meios de conhecimento científico para os alunos, a abordagem apresentada nos livros didáticos pesquisados foi limitada em diversos momentos, exposta de forma superficial e não apresentou aspectos essenciais sobre a temática da Alimentação e Nutrição.
AVALIAÇÃO NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: PERSPECTIVAS DE PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Macedo Thalita Fernanda de Oliveira , Ferreira Lílian Aparecida
Published: February 2021

RESUMO: Este artigo buscou identificar e analisar as perspectivas de professores de Educação Física sobre a avaliação de alunos dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A pesquisa se orientou pela abordagem qualitativa de investigação, a partir de um estudo exploratório, no qual foram entrevistados 30 professores de Educação Física atuantes nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A pesquisa revelou que os professores, nas aulas de Educação Física escolar, destacaram, no que diz respeito às práticas avaliativas, os conhecimentos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais, com um predomínio dos atitudinais em relação aos outros dois. Adicionalmente, manifestaram relacionar a avaliação de elementos correspondentes às questões corporais nas aulas de Educação Física, envolvendo um saber fazer dos alunos vinculados ao movimento, bem como um saber sobre esse fazer, valorizando a compreensão, a reflexão e a análise. As considerações acerca de todo este processo revelaram uma ampliação de sentido e ações avaliativas por parte dos professores de Educação Física, podendo sinalizar, para a área, uma possível reconfiguração alinhada aos pressupostos da cultura corporal de movimento.
Hand-written Russian-Chinese Dictionary from Collection of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts, Tsvetkov Dmitrii V.
Published: February 2021

This article is dedicated to the analysis of a hand-written Russian-Chinese dictionary kept in the Manuscript Research Department of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author identifies the principles of compilation that were used in the dictionary, and discovers the purpose of its compilation. The manuscript was gathered by Illarion K. Rossokhin, one of the first Russian teachers and translators of Chinese and Manchu. While in China, Rossokhin not only studied Chinese and Manchu languages, but also taught Russian language at a special school for Chinese officials. In this article, the author attempts to establish when the dictionary was written. As a result of the study, it was suggested that the compilation of the dictionary could have been started in China and finished in Russia. It was found that the manuscript does not have a unified structure. There are many repetitions and it is possible to note a tendency to group words according to thematic characteristics. The manuscript can be separated into three parts: the first part where there is some effort to group words in an unified structure; in the second part we can see a normal grouping in a unified order without titles; in the third part thematic paragraphs have titles. Creating a dictionary that was convenient for use by people who studied the Chinese language is one the possible reasons for utilizing a thematic structure. It is clear that dictionary was influenced by Chinese “category dictionaries” (leishu). The author’s analysis of the dictionary shows that it was used to teach conversational Chinese and it could also have been a source of information on the basics of Chinese grammar.
New Sources on the History of Larsa: Letters of King Sumuel
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kozyreva Nelly V.
Published: February 2021

In 2018, A. R. George published a transliteration and translation of a large group of cuneiform letters, including more than 30 letters written in the name of king of Larsa Sumuel (1894–1866 BC) and his entourage. Letters were written at the very end of the reign of king Sumuel, when the long-standing rivalry between Larsa and its northern neighbor Isin intensified. King of Isin Erra-imitti, apparently tried to cut off Larsa from direct control over the water resources of the Euphrates, and his soldiers made constant raids on the border territories of Larsa. Sumuel in his letters exchanges information with the senior officers about the movement of the enemy, gives orders for the deployment of military units, for urgent construction of defensive structures, supplying military garrisons with grain, reconstruction of city walls damaged during enemy raids etc. When making decisions of a military and strategic nature, Sumuel, like other rulers of that time, tried to follow the will of the gods, the reflection of which could be “read” on the liver of the sacrificial animal. Documents published by A. George represent a valuable addition to a very meager collection of cuneiform sources from Larsa in the mid — 19th century BC. Their study makes it possible to trace the methods of government and warfare used by king Sumuel, and sheds new light on the dramatic events that ended the reign of this king.
Classical Allusions in the Russian Poetry of the Early 20th Century: A Critical Survey of Research Practices
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zeltchenko Vsevolod V.
Published: February 2021

As befits a proper Renaissance, the revival of Russian poetry in late 19th — early 20th century was marked by an increasing interest in Greco-Roman antiquity. The vigorous and enthusiastic exploration of classical subjects, motifs and topoi, from accurate stylization to radical rethinking, emerged as an important feature of Russian modernist poetics. It is thus not surprising that the last decades have seen multiple and various investigations into classical reminiscences in Silver age poetry. The author of this polemical survey aims to draw attention to the vulnerable aspects of such research practices and to formulate a “code of conduct” for studying intertextual parallels between ancient authors and the Russian poets of the early Novecento. The paper was written in conjunction with the 25th anniversary of the methodologically important but not sufficiently well-known book by M. L. Gasparov Antichnost’ v russkoi poezii nachala XX veka (“Antiquity in the Russian Poetry of the Early 20th Century”). It examines such questions as the development and limits of knowledge about antiquity among the Russian litterati, the link between reception studies and the history of classical education, the ranking and weighing of intertextual parallels, the search for the intermediate sources, the importance of translations of ancient authors into European languages, the need to incorporate philological scholarship contemporary to the author and not the researcher, etc. The discussion is interspersed with case studies proposing new (or complementing old) interpretations of the poems by Ossip Mandel’shtam, Vladimir Shileiko, Vasilii Komarovskii et al.
A Feminist Reading of Filipino Women Poets
Authors:   Philippine Normal University, Philippines., Jocson Jennie V.
Published: February 2021

This paper draws on ideas from a shared identity of Filipino women writers. While a shift in 21st Century feminist reading, mainly the slant that to think about woman is also to think about gender, has become available for interrogation and re-inscription, the study on Filipino woman as a construct and a subject of self-representation of contemporary Filipino poetry remains scarce. Drawing at how women and their experiences were represented in select poems written by 4 contemporary women poets, this paper explored common patterns of women imaging using textual and thematic analysis, alongside French feminism expounded by the arguments of Helene Cixous, Luce Irigaray, and Julia Kristeva. The findings revealed that women poets’ rhetoric, awakening, resistance, and call to action had redefined women experience as a collective whole. Collective as they seem, the poems established a strong articulation of a feminist stance, which is a resistance against subversion and marginality. The paper is of relevance both to feminist scholars and others with practical interests in women poetry as it will enable them to better understand Filipino women experience and its representation in verse.
A New Study on the Contemporary Aesthetics based on the “Applied Ontology” Theory of Roger Pouivet
Authors:   Alzahra University of Tehran, Zabolinezhad Hoda , Qazvini Parisa Shad
Published: February 2021

This article, based on Roger Pouivet’s “Applied Ontology” Theory, studies the effect of Warhol’s Brilloo soap boxes. The work was challenged at the time of its performance and could not convince the art world of accepting it, as an artwork. The research questions of this article are: 1. In the contemporary period, what aesthetic criteria turn a human work into an artwork? 2. According to Pouivete’s “Applied Ontology” Theory, how and with what approach is contemporary work of art considered as the personal symbolism of the artist and how is the governing aesthetics read? The hypothesis of the article is that the work of art in any way includes formal and content symbolism. Basically, in the contemporary period, the artist’s personal symbolism plays a finishing role in the creation of the artwork by mixing with already known collective symbols in a culture. The result suggests that in Contemporary Aesthetics, a work is recognized as a work of art when it is debated and exchanged without the need for consensus among art experts. The research method of this article is analytical-qualitative which has been done by collecting library information and virtual documents.
Praktyki religijne króla Jana Olbrachta w świetle rachunków nadwornych
Authors: Nalewajek Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Rachunki królewskie Jana Olbrachta (1492-1501) zachowane w Archiwum Głównym Akt Dawnych w Warszawie zawierają szereg niewykorzystanych informacji dotyczących praktyk religijnych, które gorliwie wypełniał następca Kazimierza Jagiellończyka. Podtrzymał on tradycje pobożności (pietas regia) ukształtowane w czasach poprzednich królów z dynastii Jagiellonów. Jan Olbracht odbył pielgrzymki do najważniejszych polskich sanktuariów oraz hojnie wspierał jałmużną klasztory mendykanckie i szpitale dla ubogich. Przykładnie wypełniał on również codzienne i odświętne praktyki religijne.
Wstępne rozpoznanie recepcji polskiej książki w renesansowej Anglii
Authors: Makowski Tomasz
Published: February 2021

Autor wnioskuje na temat obecność polskich autorów w bibliotekach renesansowej Anglii na podstawie poświadczonej własności egzemplarzy ich publikacji w ponad trzystu inwentarzach prywatnych bibliotek angielskich z czasów Tudorów i pierwszych Stuartów. Dotychczas w nielicznej literaturze naukowej wnioskowano z zachowanych egzemplarzy książek polskich autorów obecnie znajdujących się w bibliotekach angielskich. Pytanie jaki wpływ wywarły książki polskich autorów na umysły Anglików w czasach renesansu, musi pozostać na tym etapie badań bez pełnej odpowiedzi. Występują w bibliotekach angielskich najważniejsze książki polskich autorów wydane po łacinie, ale udowodnienie ich realnego wpływu wymaga dalszych badań nad inwentarzami księgozbiorów z XVI-XVII w.
SARS-CoV-2 Proteins: Are They Useful as Targets for COVID-19 Drugs and Vaccines?
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Elimam Ahamed
Published: February 2021

:

The proteins of coronavirus are classified to nonstructural, structural, and accessory. There are 16 nonstructural viral proteins beside their precursors (1a and 1ab polyproteins). The nonstructural proteins are named as nsp1 to nsp16 and they act as enzymes, coenzymes, and binding proteins to facilitate the replication, transcription, and translation of the virus. The structural proteins are bound to the RNA in the nucleocapsid (N- protein) or to the lipid bilayer membrane of the viral envelope. The lipid bilayer proteins include the membrane protein (M), envelope protein (E), and spike protein (S). Beside their role as structural proteins, they are essential for the host cells binding and invasion. The SARS-CoV-2 contains six accessory proteins which participates in the viral replication, assembly and virus- host interactions. The SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins are orf3a, orf6, orf7a, orf7b, orf8, and orf10. The functions of the SARS-CoV-2 are not well known, while the functions of their corresponding proteins in SARS-CoV are either well known or poorly studied. Recently, the Oxford University and Pfizer and BioNTech made SARS-CoV-2 vaccines through targeting the spike protein gene. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the health authorities of the United Kingdom approved and started vaccination using the Pfizer and BioNTech mRNA vaccine. Also, The FDA of USA approved the treatment of COVID-19 using two monoclonal antibodies produced by Regeneron pharmaceuticals to target the spike protein. The SARS-CoV-2 proteins can be used for the diagnosis, as drug targets and in vaccination trials for COVID-19. For future COVID-19 research, more efforts should be done to elaborate the functions and structure of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins so as to use them as targets for COVID-19 drug and vaccines. Special attention should be drawn to extensive research on the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3, orf8, and orf10.
Infertile Women's Perceptions of Infertility: A Phenomenological Study
Based on Metaphor Analysis
Authors: Kirca Nurcan , Celik Aslı Sis
Published: February 2021

Backround:

Infertility is an increasing health problem which affects 10-15% of couples across the world. Infertility can cause various psychosocial problems such as stress, anxiety, depression, loneliness, social isolation and stigmatization during the diagnosis and treatment process.

Objective:

The study was designed to reveal what kinds of cognitive images (metaphors) women produce in defining infertility, why they produce them and whether the metaphors produced by them differ depending on their professional culture.

Methods:

This study is a qualitative research carried out based on metaphor analysis in phenomenology design. The study was conducted with 15 participants. The data were collected by the researcher between May-July 2019.

Results:

The metaphors revealed by participants on what infertility meant to them, according to their Professional culture, included dry and fruitless tree, a defective human, cube, cactus and rose, empty tin can, hope and snowdrop, orzo, parasite, national lottery ticket, stock market, figures, surprise egg, bird, a slowly filled lake, and a disease that is very difficult to treat for infertility.

Conclusion:

Metaphors reflect the beliefs, values and norms of individuals. According to the findings, we can understand and comment infertile women’s perceptions on infertility and what the infertility means for them.
Comparison of Amniotic Fluid Index and Single Deepest Vertical Pocket
Authors: Shivananda Roopa Padavagodu , Anbu Rekha , Rao Shubha , Hegde Nivedita , Mundkur Anjali Suneel , Hebbar Shripad
Published: February 2021

Background:

The best method of estimation of amniotic fluid volume is a matter of ongoing
debate.

Objectives:

To determine the perinatal & maternal outcomes in pregnant patients when the amniotic
fluid volume was assessed by the amniotic fluid index (AFI) in comparison to the single deepest
vertical pocket (SDVP).

Methods:

We studied abnormal Cardiotocograph, meconium stained amniotic fluid, birth weight
<2.5kg, Apgar score at 5 min <7, cord blood pH <7.2 & necessity for NICU admission as perinatal
outcomes. Rate of diagnosis of oligohydramnios, induction of labor for oligohydramnios & mode
of delivery were observed in maternal outcomes.

Results:

Of the 697 pregnant patients recruited, 353 were in the AFI and 344 in the SDVP group.
Perinatal outcomes were similar in both. In the AFI group, the number of women diagnosed with
oligohydramnios was higher (p = 0.0333) & the rate of induction was also higher (p = 0.003378).
Vaginal deliveries were more in the SDVP group. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curves
showed statistically significant correlation with NICU stay, birth-weight, and mode of delivery.
While an AFI of >5cm and SDVP of >1.9cm had good sensitivity in predicting babies with a birth
weight of ≥ 2.5kg and avoiding NICU admissions, an AFI of > 5.8cm and an SDVP of > 1.9 cm
had a sensitivity of around 80% in predicting successful vaginal deliveries.

Conclusion:

The SDVP method has a slight edge over the AFI in terms of lower inductions and
higher vaginal deliveries with comparable perinatal outcomes.
Epidemiological and Maternal Features of Maternal Mortality in the West
of Iran: Hamadan, 2011-2019
Authors: Shirzad Azam Ali , Jalili Ebrahim , Shahbazi Fatemeh , Bahrami Hasan , Khazaei Salman , Ghelichkhani Samereh
Published: February 2021

Background:

Maternal mortality is an important public health problem that is perceived as a sensitive indicator of the socioeconomic status and healthcare services.

Objective:

This study aims to describe the epidemiological features of maternal mortality in Hamadan province in western Iran.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 50 maternal deaths that occurred in all hospitals and delivery places in the Hamadan province from March 2011 to January 2019 were studied for epidemiological features and history of pregnancy care of maternal death. Finally, the extracted data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in Stata software version 14.

Results:

Our findings show that the mortality due to pregnancy and childbirth was 18.07 per 100,000 live birth. The majority of maternal death occurred in women aged 20-34 years living in urban areas who were mostly housewives. Kabudrahang and Razan towns had the highest maternal rate.

Conclusions:

The present study revealed that maternal mortality is higher among women aged 20-34 years (mainly housewives) living in urban areas. Cesarean delivery, having a history of abortion, and gestational age under 37 weeks were other factors associated with maternal death. Therefore, it is suggested to direct the focus of pregnancy care and training programs on these high-risk groups.
Evaluating 3D-printed Bolus Compared to Conventional Bolus Types Used in External Beam Radiation Therapy
Authors: McCallum Stephanie , Maresse Sharon , Fearns Peter
Published: February 2021

Background:

When treating superficial tumors with external beam radiation therapy, bolus
is often used. Bolus increases surface dose, reduces dose to underlying tissue, and improves
dose homogeneity.

Introduction:

The conventional bolus types used clinically in practice have some disadvantages.
The use of Three-Dimensional (3D) printing has the potential to create more effective boluses. CT
data is used for dosimetric calculations for these treatments and often to manufacture the customized
3D-printed bolus.

Purpose:

The aim of this review is to evaluate the published studies that have compared 3D-printed
bolus against conventional bolus types.

Methods and Results:

A systematic search of several databases and a further appraisal for relevance
and eligibility resulted in the 14 articles used in this review. The 14 articles were analyzed
based on their comparison of 3D-printed bolus and at least one conventional bolus type.

Conclusion:

The findings of this review indicated that 3D-printed bolus has a number of advantages.
Compared to conventional bolus types, 3D-printed bolus was found to have equivalent or improved
dosimetric measures, positional accuracy, fit, and uniformity. 3D-printed bolus was also
found to benefit workflow efficiency through both time and cost effectiveness. However, factors
such as patient comfort and staff perspectives need to be further explored to support the use of 3Dprinted
bolus in routine practice.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Chalcones Bearing an Imidazo[ 1,2-a]pyridine Moiety
Authors: Soltani Siavash Salek , Farnia S. Morteza F. , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: February 2021

Aim and Objective:

Herein, A series of new imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-chalcone derivatives
3a-m were designed and synthesized to find a new class of antibacterial agents. These compounds
were prepared by the aldol condensation of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde
2a-b with acetophenone derivatives and other aromatic acetyls. High reaction yields were obtained
in a short reaction time, through applying this multi-step pathway.

Materials and Methods:

In vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinechalcones
were measured against S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli with MIC values of 32 -128
μg/mL. Finally, essential structural analyses such as CHN and NMR spectroscopies were used to
identify the synthesized chalcones based on imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives.

Results:

The results showed that most of the products presented moderate to good antibacterial activities.
Compounds 3b, 3d, 3g, 3l and 3m revealed obvious potency against S. aureus, B. subtilis
and E. coli with MIC values of 32 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, which were better when compared with
other chalcones.

Conclusion:

The synthesized antibacterial compounds were obtained with appealing advantages
such as high purity, simple pathway, good to excellent yields, inexpensive and easy availability of
materials as well as good activities against bacteria. So in this work, a new class of antibacterial
chalcones based on imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine has been reported.
Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Antioxidants Use in Sports: How is it Balanced?
Authors: Slimeni Olfa , Zaiter Ali , Chaimbault Patrick , Salih Reem Omar Mohamed , Pokrywka Andrzej , Sellami Sondes , Bragazzi Nicola , Sellami Maha
Published: February 2021

This review aims to summarize the fundamental classes of antioxidants, the utilization
of the supplement with antioxidants as ergogenic benefits in exercise and sport, the efficiency, and
the consequence of their chronic uses. Antioxidants have been used for a long time in different
sports disciplines and at all degrees of rivalry. The supplement with antioxidants anticipates muscle
damage by reducing immune dysfunction, inflammation, and fatigue syndrome for athletes.
Subsequently, antioxidant supplementation will improve the physical performances and health of
athletes. Polyphenol compounds as incredible antioxidants that are abundant in numerous plants.
The consumption of antioxidants could be hazardous whenever taken in high dosages. Researchers
found that overdoses may cause undesirable symptoms and might grow the risk of death.
Development of data science education curriculum to foster intellectual information creativity
Authors: Aoyama Kazuhiro
Published: February 2021

Technology has certainly played a role in our ability to collect and store mountains of data on everything from traffic patterns, shopping habits and health outcomes. And, advances in algorithms and computing power have allowed us to analyse this data more quickly. But data is only
as useful as the questions being asked and analysed. For this reason, researchers at Aichi University of Education in Japan are working to revamp the way data analysis and statistics are taught to students. Their goal is to provide students with a better understanding of the power of data
and statistical analyses and go beyond simply calculating stats and returning the correct answers on exams.
 Professor Kazuhiro Aoyama is working with colleagues, including Professor Yoshinori Fujii of University of Miyazaki and Professor Yuichi Oguchi of Ibaraki University, to develop
a new educational curriculum for data analysis and statistics and test it in classrooms all over Japan.
 The goal of the new curriculum being tested in classrooms revolves around a concept called intellectual information creativity. This concept reflects a student's ability to use
their imagination when confronted with a dataset in order to make sense of and interpret the characteristics of the data. In an era when data processing can be done quickly with software, it is necessary for human beings to find meaning from data and education should teach students to engage
in activities to discover new information.
Empirical research on development and evaluation/improvement of regional collaborative teaching materials by creating sub-books for comprehensive learning
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshio
Published: February 2021

In a rapidly changing global environment the skills and quality required in the future, at least from an international perspective, should not only apply to specific countries and regions but the world over. Many of the challenges faced by different societies are common across the world
– including human rights, global warming and climate change, and the increasing gap between rich and poor. It is for this reason that educational practices which cultivate people with the knowledge, skills and expertise needed to solve such issues should be developed and employed in
countries around the world. Associate Professor Yoshio Hashimoto has embarked on a project that seeks to develop a region-based learning model. Based within the Faculty of Child Education at Kyoto Bunkyo University in Japan, Hashimoto leads a team working to enable school children to develop
self-awareness as a member of the local community and to foster an independent, collaborative and practical attitude.
Research on the disclosure of intangible information to help the improvement of the evaluation criteria of businesses loans by financial institutions
Authors: Koga Chitoshi
Published: February 2021

Corporate growth can be achieved through innovation, which involves maximising a company's 'intangible' elements, such as the skills and knowledge of employees. The 'business appraisal' lending model, which is a new financial business model based on mid- to long-term growth, is based
around these intangible elements and, as such, helps companies to promote and nurture innovation. Professor Chitoshi Koga, School of Business Management, Tokaigakuen University, Japan, is working with Dr Xin Fu, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Japan, and Dr Jun Yao, Meiji University,
Japan, to investigate how intangible information can be useful in making economic decisions, with a particular focus on loans decisions for small-and-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and ventures. The team is developing a business appraisal model called the 'Koga/Sakakibara/Takahashi (KST)'
model that is based on the 2009 Earnings Capability Index of Wulf, Pfiefer and Kivikas from Germany but has been transformed to make it relevant to SMEs in Japan. Using the model, a company's growth potential can be assessed, and it will prove particularly useful for Japanese SMEs as their
evaluation relies on looking at intangible assets. Ultimately, Koga and the team hope the model will assist with financing and borrowing and, on a larger scale, reap regional economic benefits.
О возможности использования спектрального анализа для исследования структуры линии сигнала ядерного магнитного резонанса
Authors: Давыдов В.В. , Купцов В.Д. , Дудкин В.И. , Мороз А.В. , Макеев С.С.
Published: February 2021

The necessity of recording the spectrum of nuclear magnetic resonance in a weak field from a condensed medium with express control of its state is substantiated. The conditions are established that allow the registration of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra in a weak field. A new design of a small-sized nuclear magnetic spectrometer for recording the NMR spectrum in a weak magnetic field from a volume of a condensed medium of about 3.0 ml has been developed. The results of experimental studies of various media are presented.
High Energy Density Rechargeable Aqueous Lithium Batteries with an Aqueous Hydroquinone Sulfonic Acid and Benzoquinone Sulfonic Acid Redox Couple Cathode
Authors: Takagi Hiroki , Kakimoto Koichi , Mori Daisuke , Taminato Sou , Takeda Yasuo , Yamamoto Osamu ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan, Imanishi Nobuyuki
Published: February 2021

The demand for high energy density rechargeable batteries beyond lithium-ion batteries has increased for electric vehicles. In the present study, a novel high energy density rechargeable aqueous lithium battery was proposed. The battery was composed of a lithium metal anode, a lithium-stable non-aqueous electrolyte, a water-stable lithium-ion conducting solid electrolyte of Li1.4Al0.4Ge0.2Ti1.4(PO4)3-epoxy-TiO2 separator, and a hydroquinone sulfonic acid (HQS)/benzoquinone sulfonic acid (BQS) redox couple in an aqueous acetic acid solution (HAc). An open-circuit voltage of 3.7 V at 25 °C was recorded, and the theoretical energy density of the battery based on the reaction 2Li + BQS + 2H2O = 2 LiOH + HQS was 833 Whkg-1, about two times higher than that of the lithium-ion battery. The battery was successfully cycled at 0.5 mA cm-2 and 25 °C with low polarization.
Plagas y enfermedades de la guayaba (Psidium guajava) en Colombia
Authors: Carabalí Muñoz Arturo , Canacuán Nasamuez Doris Elisa , Montes Prado Millerlandy , Deantonio-Florido Leidy Yibeth , Lesmes Suárez Juan Carlos , Holguín Claudia M. , Sánchez Bernal Alba Nora , Jaramillo Laverde Alejandro
Published: February 2021

En Colombia, el cultivo de guayaba (Psidium guajava) es considerado de importancia por su contribución en la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, a la vez que se constituye en fuente de desarrollo e ingresos para productores, por su utilización en la agroindustria y consumo en fresco. Entre las mayores limitantes de la producción de guayaba se reportan el incremento de poblaciones de insectos plaga e incidencia de enfermedades, temas fitosanitarios que no han sido ampliamente estudiados y que han sido abordados y documentados de manera independiente para cada especie tratada. Este libro es un compendio que recopila resultados de investigación e información disponible sobre los insectos y enfermedades que afectan materiales y variedades de guayaba de importancia económica. El contenido es presentado en capítulos que le permiten al lector tener una información general y específica sobre los insectos y patógenos, su clasificación, descripción morfológica, biología y hábitos, daños que ocasionan, estado fenológico que afectan, enemigos naturales y métodos de manejo y control. Esperamos que el libro sea de interés para investigadores en el manejo integrado de plagas y enfermedades de frutales tropicales, entomólogos, fitopatólogos, asistentes técnicos y productores.
Awareness and Potential Impacts of the Medicalization of Internet Gaming Disorder: Cross-sectional Survey Among Adolescents in China
Authors: Yu Yanqiu , Li Ji-Bin , Lau Joseph T F
Published: February 2021

Background

The Eleventh Revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) newly listed gaming disorder, including internet gaming disorder (IGD), as a disease. The level of awareness and potential positive and negative impacts of this medicalization among adolescents were unknown.

Objective

This study investigated the levels, associated factors, and potential positive and negative impacts of awareness of the medicalization of IGD among adolescents in China.

Methods

In a cross-sectional survey, 1343 middle school students in Guangzhou, China, self-administered an anonymous questionnaire in classrooms (October to December 2019). Three risk subgroups were identified: those who scored ≥5 items in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition checklist (IGD-S), those who self-perceived having IGD currently (IGD-PC), and those who self-perceived having IGD within 12 months (IGD-P12M).

Results

Of the internet gamers, 48.3% (460/952) were aware of the medicalization of IGD; they were more likely to belong to the IGD-P12M/IGD-S risk subgroups. Within the IGD-PC/IGD-P12M (but not IGD-S) risk subgroups, IGD medicalization awareness was positively associated with favorable outcomes (reduced internet gaming time in the past 12 months, seeking help from professionals if having IGD, and fewer maladaptive cognitions). After being briefed about the ICD-11 inclusion of IGD, 54.2% (516/952) and 32.8% (312/952) expressed that it would lead to the reduction of gaming time and help-seeking behaviors, respectively; however, 17.9% (170/952), 21.5% (205/952), 15.9% (151/952), and 14.5% (138/952) perceived self-doubt for being diseased, stronger pressure from family members, negative emotional responses, and labeling effect, respectively. With a few exceptions, such perceived positive or negative impacts were stronger among the IGD-S, IGD-PC, and IGD-P12M risk subgroups.

Conclusions

The exploratory study shows that the medicalization of IGD may have benefits that need maximization and potentially harmful effects that need minimization. Future studies should test the efficacies of health promotion that increases IGD medicalization awareness.
Internet-Based Individualized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Shift Work Sleep Disorder Empowered by Well-Being Prediction: Protocol for a Pilot Study
Authors: Ito-Masui Asami , Kawamoto Eiji , Sakamoto Ryota , Yu Han , Sano Akane , Motomura Eishi , Tanii Hisashi , Sakano Shoko , Esumi Ryo , Imai Hiroshi , Shimaoka Motomu
Published: February 2021

Background

Shift work sleep disorders (SWSDs) are associated with the high turnover rates of nurses, and are considered a major medical safety issue. However, initial management can be hampered by insufficient awareness. In recent years, it has become possible to visualize, collect, and analyze the work-life balance of health care workers with irregular sleeping and working habits using wearable sensors that can continuously monitor biometric data under real-life settings. In addition, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for psychiatric disorders has been shown to be effective. Application of wearable sensors and machine learning may potentially enhance the beneficial effects of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy.

Objective

In this study, we aim to develop and evaluate the effect of a new internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for SWSD (iCBTS). This system includes current methods such as medical sleep advice, as well as machine learning well-being prediction to improve the sleep durations of shift workers and prevent declines in their well-being.

Methods

This study consists of two phases: (1) preliminary data collection and machine learning for well-being prediction; (2) intervention and evaluation of iCBTS for SWSD. Shift workers in the intensive care unit at Mie University Hospital will wear a wearable sensor that collects biometric data and answer daily questionnaires regarding their well-being. They will subsequently be provided with an iCBTS app for 4 weeks. Sleep and well-being measurements between baseline and the intervention period will be compared.

Results

Recruitment for phase 1 ended in October 2019. Recruitment for phase 2 has started in October 2020. Preliminary results are expected to be available by summer 2021.

Conclusions

iCBTS empowered with well-being prediction is expected to improve the sleep durations of shift workers, thereby enhancing their overall well-being. Findings of this study will reveal the potential of this system for improving sleep disorders among shift workers.

Trial Registration

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000036122 (phase 1), UMIN000040547 (phase 2); https://tinyurl.com/dkfmmmje, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000046284

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/24799
The Application of Human-Centered Design Approaches in Health Research and Innovation: A Narrative Review of Current Practices (Preprint)
Authors: Göttgens Irene , Oertelt-Prigione Sabine
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Human-centered design (HCD) approaches to health care strive to support the development of innovative, effective, and person-centered solutions for health care. Although their use is increasing, there is no integral overview describing the details of HCD methods in health innovations.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to explore the current practices of HCD approaches for the development of health innovations, with the aim of providing an overview of the applied methods for participatory and HCD processes and highlighting their shortcomings for further research.

METHODS

A narrative review of health research was conducted based on systematic electronic searches in the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts (2000-2020) databases using keywords related to human-centered design, design thinking (DT), and user-centered design (UCD). Abstracts and full-text articles were screened by 2 reviewers independently based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data extraction focused on the methodology used throughout the research process, the choice of methods in different phases of the innovation cycle, and the level of engagement of end users.

RESULTS

This review summarizes the application of HCD practices across various areas of health innovation. All approaches prioritized the user’s needs and the participatory and iterative nature of the design process. The design processes comprised several design cycles during which multiple qualitative and quantitative methods were used in combination with specific design methods. HCD- and DT-based research primarily targeted understanding the research context and defining the problem, whereas UCD-based work focused mainly on the direct generation of solutions. Although UCD approaches involved end users primarily as testers and informants, HCD and DT approaches involved end users most often as design partners.

CONCLUSIONS

We have provided an overview of the currently applied methodologies and HCD guidelines to assist health care professionals and design researchers in their methodological choices. HCD-based techniques are challenging to evaluate using traditional biomedical research methods. Previously proposed reporting guidelines are a step forward but would require a level of detail that is incompatible with the current publishing landscape. Hence, further development is needed in this area. Special focus should be placed on the congruence between the chosen methods, design strategy, and achievable outcomes. Furthermore, power dimensions, agency, and intersectionality need to be considered in co-design sessions with multiple stakeholders, especially when including vulnerable groups.
THE USE OF REFLECTION FOR SPIRITUAL CARE LEARNING IN CLINICAL EDUCATION: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Anastasia Gisella , Suhoyo Yoyo , Utomo Prattama Santoso , Widyandana Doni
Published: February 2021

Background: Indonesian society assume spirituality as an important aspect in life especially in sickness. Spiritual care can restore patients’ quality of life by providing them comfort, strength, and compassion. Because lack of education about spiritual care, doctors often feel not fully equipped. Reflection has proven to increase awareness of spiritual care, but the impact of this method still needs further research. This study aims to explore the impact of reflection on student awareness about spiritual care.Methods: This study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis with reflective writing and in-depth interview. Nine clinical medical students divided into four groups which was facilitated by clinical teacher. Intervention were three reflective writings interspersed with two small group discussion. The writings were analyzed using Transtheoretical Model to identify behavioral change then content analysis for the transcript to explore the study’s impact and the feasibility.Results: Five students increased their awareness because clinical experience, time-management, writing volume, and reflective thinking. Three students increase faster because learning from peers, engage with patient, and role-model. Two students increase slower because lack understanding of reflection and incorrect facilitators’ feedbacks. Two students stable because lack understanding of discussion and low engagement with patient. One student experienced a decrease because lack of task-commitment and interest. One student did not get awareness because difficulty interpreting emotions.Conclusion: Reflection method can be used to teach spiritual care to clinical medical students by considering several factors that might play a role. Further research with improvement to the method is still needed. Keywords: Spiritual care; spirituality; reflection; clinical medical student
Effectiveness of Chilli Powder Incorporation to Microbial Loads, Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Vietnamese Fermented Pork Roll (Nem Chua)
Authors: Minh Nguyen Phuoc
Published: February 2021

Vietnamese fermented pork roll (Nem Chua) is delicious by its distinctive and unforgettable sweet, crunchy and spicy feeling. It becomes a specialty of many regions in Vietnam. Recently consumers always pay much attention to hygiene. Spices and herbs can be considered as alternatives of artificial additives. This research evaluated the possibility of chilli powder incorporated to Vietnamese fermented pork roll (Nem Chua) during storage. Different percentages of chilli powder (0÷2.5 %) were added Nem Chua. In 12 hour-interval, samples were taken to examine Enterobacteriaceae load, pH, thiobarbituric acid value (TBA), total volatile bases nitrogen (TVB-N), overall acceptance (sensory score). During 60 hours of lactic fermentation, Enterobacteriaceae load decreased with the amount of chilli powder added. On the control sample, Enterobacteriaceae load increased during storage. Much more reduction of pH value was noticed when increasing chilli powder. There was a significant retardation of TBA and TVB-N accumulation by chilli powder addition. At 1.5% of chilli powder supplemented, the highest sensory score was noticed. Chilli powder would be a promising natural spice to control food hygiene and maintain physciochemical and sensory attributes of meat products.
Stabilizer extent is not multiplicative
Authors: Heimendahl Arne , Montealegre-Mora Felipe , Vallentin Frank , Gross David
Published: February 2021

The Gottesman-Knill theorem states that a Clifford circuit acting on stabilizer states can be simulated efficiently on a classical computer. Recently, this result has been generalized to cover inputs that are close to a coherent superposition of logarithmically many stabilizer states. The runtime of the classical simulation is governed by thestabilizer extent, which roughly measures how many stabilizer states are needed to approximate the state. An important open problem is to decide whether the extent is multiplicative under tensor products. An affirmative answer would yield an efficient algorithm for computing the extent of product inputs, while a negative result implies the existence of more efficient classical algorithms for simulating largescale quantum circuits. Here, we answer this question in the negative. Our result follows from very general properties of the set of stabilizer states, such as having a size that scales subexponentially in the dimension, and can thus be readily adapted to similar constructions for other resource theories.
Demand analysis of peanuts and tree nuts in the United States: a micro-perspective
Authors: Cheng Guo ‘Chris’ , Capps Oral , Dharmasena Senarath
Published: February 2021

This paper examines household purchases of peanuts and tree nuts in the United States using the Nielsen Homescan Panel for calendar year 2015. Households located in different regions and from different races and ethnicities along with seasonality were important factors affecting the propensities to purchase and actual quantities purchased. The demand for pecans, almonds, and walnuts was sensitive to price changes. The reverse was true regarding the demands for cashews, macadamia nuts, pistachios, mixed nuts, and peanuts. All nuts were identified as necessities. Findings of this research provide insights for stakeholders in the nut industry, in terms of target marketing, product positioning, and pricing strategies. Moreover, we contribute to the literature by providing a micro-perspective investigation concerning the demand for nut products in the United States. In addition, we provide a more up-to-date analysis concerning factors affecting not only the likelihood of purchasing nuts but also the quantities purchased.
Kandungan Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total Daun Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull. Arg sebagai Kandidat Obat Antidiabetes
Authors: Megawati Megawati , Fajriah Sofa , Supriadi Edi , Widiyarti Galuh
Published: February 2021

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the non communicable diseases (NCDs) with the largest number of deaths in the world. The Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull. Arg is a source of phenolic compounds. Phenolic is grouped as polyphenols group that widely functioned as antidiabetic. The α-glucosidase enzyme plays a role in the forming of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The α-glucosidase enzyme can be used for antidiabetic activity assay because of its capability on breaking down carbohydrate into glucose in the human small intestine. This study aimed to determine phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antidiabetic activity of M. hispida leaves extract and its fraction. The extract and fraction were tested for the phenolic levels using Folin-Ciocalteau method, the total flavonoid using alumunium chloride method, and the antidiabetic activity using α-glukosidase method. The yield of methanolic extract of the Macaranga hispida was 10.23%. Phenolic content of the ethyl acetate fraction from the methanolic extract was 8.411 mg, equivalent to gallic acid/100 mg extract. Total flavonoid content was 6.14 ± 0.31b/b μg/mL. Antidiabetic activity assay of the extract and the fractions of Macaranga hispida resulted the highest antidiabetic activity (IC50) was in the ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 value 21.91 μg / mL.