bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperangulated vs. Macintosh videolaryngoscopy in adults with anticipated difficult airway management: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Köhl Vera , Wünsch Viktor A. , Müller Marie‐Claire , Sasu Phillip B. , Dohrmann Thorsten , Peters Tanja , Tolkmitt Josephine , Dankert André , Krause Linda , Zöllner Christian , Petzoldt Martin
Published: May 2024

Background

It is not certain whether the blade geometry of videolaryngoscopes, either a hyperangulated or Macintosh shape, affects glottic view, success rate and/or tracheal intubation time in patients with expected difficult airways. We hypothesised that using a hyperangulated videolaryngoscope blade would visualise a higher percentage of glottic opening compared with a Macintosh videolaryngoscope blade in patients with expected difficult airways.

Methods

We conducted an open‐label, patient‐blinded, randomised controlled trial in adult patients scheduled to undergo elective ear, nose and throat or oral and maxillofacial surgery, who were anticipated to have a difficult airway. All airway operators were consultant anaesthetists. Patients were allocated randomly to tracheal intubation with either hyperangulated (C‐MAC D‐BLADE™) or Macintosh videolaryngoscope blades (C‐MAC™). The primary outcome was the percentage of glottic opening. First attempt success was designated a key secondary outcome.

Results

We assessed 2540 adults scheduled for elective head and neck surgery for eligibility and included 182 patients with expected difficult airways undergoing orotracheal intubation. The percentage of glottic opening visualised, expressed as median (IQR [range]), was 89 (69–99 [0–100])% with hyperangulated videolaryngoscope blades and 54 (9–90 [0–100])% with Macintosh videolaryngoscope blades (p < 0.001). First‐line hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy failed in one patient and Macintosh videolaryngoscopy in 12 patients (13%, p = 0.002). First attempt success rate was 97% with hyperangulated videolaryngoscope blades and 67% with Macintosh videolaryngoscope blades (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Glottic view and first attempt success rate were superior with hyperangulated videolaryngoscope blades compared with Macintosh videolaryngoscope blades when used by experienced anaesthetists in patients with difficult airways.
Editorial: ARFI‐based techniques are better than VCTE for diagnosing advanced fibrosis in severe obesity—Authors' reply
Authors: Dominik Nina , Semmler Georg , Hartl Lukas , Balcar Lorenz , Schwarz Michael , Hofer Benedikt S. , Reiberger Thomas , Bauer David J. M.
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Vuijk et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18019 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18036
The influence of bone block graft position on bone dimensional changes in staged onlay horizontal ridge augmentation: A 6‐month retrospective cohort study
Authors: Luo Qiyue , Luo Yilin , Liu Jingjing , Yang Xingmei
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To analyze changes in bone dimensions and their modulating factor in bone dimensions 6 months after horizontal ridge augmentation using autogenous bone grafts.

Materials and methods

Thirty‐eight patients with horizontally atrophic alveolar ridges of a single edentulous tooth at the maxillary anterior site were divided into two groups based on the fixation position of the bone block during ridge augmentation surgery (H0, vertical distance from the upper edge of the bone block to the alveolar crest). Patients were classified into a crestal level (CL) group if H0 ≤ 1 mm and a sub‐crestal level (SCL) group if H0 > 1 mm. The width and height of the alveolar ridge were recorded using CBCT both before and 6 months after the augmentation procedure.

Results

The CL group comprised 20 patients with 23 implants, whereas the SCL group comprised 18 patients with 22 implants. All the augmentation sites exhibited vertical bone resorption. Vertical bone resorption in the SCL group (1.94 ± 2.11 mm) was significantly higher than that of the CL group (0.61 ± 0.64 mm). The SCL group showed significantly lower horizontal bone gain than the CL group (SCL: 1.02 ± 2.30 mm; CL: 3.19 ± 3.17 mm) at the cervical level. Peri‐implant marginal bone loss increased significantly in the SCL group (1.00 ± 2.71 mm) compared to the CL group (0.64 ± 0.40 mm).

Conclusion

The bone height decreased after horizontal ridge augmentation using autogenous onlay grafting. The fixation position of the bone block was a modulating factor. The SCL group showed more vertical bone loss, less horizontal bone gain 6 months after surgery, and more marginal bone loss after restoration.
What remains to be discovered: A global assessment of tree species inventory completeness
Authors: Chanachai Jariya , Asamoah Ernest F. , Maina Joseph M. , Wilson Peter D. , Nipperess David A. , Esperon‐Rodriguez Manuel , Beaumont Linda J.
Published: May 2024

Aim

Recent unprecedented efforts to digitise and mobilise biodiversity data have resulted in the generation of ‘biodiversity big data’, enabling ecological research at scales previously not possible. However, gaps, biases and uncertainties in these data influence analytical outcomes and the validity of scientific research and conservation actions. Here, we estimated tree species inventory completeness globally and identified where future surveys should focus to maximise regional inventories.

Location

Global.

Methods

We analysed spatial patterns in sampling effort of tree species occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity and Information Facility (GBIF) and estimated global tree species inventory completeness for 100 × 100 km grid cells (sampling units) and ecoregions. We also identified forested areas for future botanical exploration, by examining the spatial overlap between inventory completeness, remaining natural habitat and protected areas and degrees of forest modification by anthropogenic pressure (forest integrity).

Results

Spatial patterns in sampling effort and tree species inventory completeness were unevenly distributed around the world. Only 35% of ecoregions and 18% of sampling units can be considered well surveyed, most of which were concentrated in the Global North, including Europe, North America and Australia. Large areas in species‐rich tropical regions, especially in Southeast Asia, remained poorly documented. Moreover, our results showed that many areas with low inventory completeness overlapped with ecoregions retaining less than 50% of natural habitat and protected land area, as well as sampling units with low forest integrity.

Main Conclusions

Due to limitations in biodiversity data, simply sampling more will not necessarily lead to increasing knowledge. We illustrated how gaps in these data can be used to improve existing knowledge by identifying priority areas for future surveys. With ongoing anthropogenic impacts and escalating rates of biodiversity loss, limited resources should be allocated to strategically survey regions likely to yield new knowledge and improve biodiversity representativeness.
State‐owned Enterprises and the Politics of Financializing Infrastructure Development in Indonesia: De‐risking at the Limit?
Authors: Anguelov Dimitar
Published: May 2024

The need for emerging economies to develop infrastructure in order to drive catch‐up growth has become a common refrain in policy circuits. The dominant norm promulgated and disseminated by global development institutions to countries facing infrastructure deficits is the public–private partnership (PPP) model of project finance, a market‐based model that seeks to transform infrastructure into a financial asset. Institutionalizing this model requires the deepening of market rationality in governance and the establishment of markets for infrastructure projects and infrastructure debt, underpinned by regulatory and institutional changes aimed at de‐risking global investments. However, this model is neither overriding nor monolithic. It is contested, modified and augmented by alternative state‐led models, rationalities and practices, animated by developmental politics. The article examines the embeddedness of the PPP model in Indonesia, where it is selectively appropriated by politicians and bureaucrats in line with state development objectives by mobilizing state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) as developers, insurers and financiers of infrastructure projects. Beyond establishing the conditions for market exchange and de‐risking capital, the state, through SOEs, is an active market participant, competing and partnering with private sector actors, while advancing state‐led alternatives where the market‐based model fails to address development needs. This case highlights the potential for developmental politics to shape the broad use of capital in the face of disciplinary pressure from global finance.
Personifying Local Shops with Community Vision
Authors: Woo Eunji , Nam Ki‐Young
Published: May 2024

In social design, from policy design to community design to social conflict resolution, the power lies—and should lie—with people.

What role should the designer play when it comes to social innovation? Maybe it works best when citizen stakeholders become the experts and the designer takes a less traditional approach.
The Power of Setting Clear Project Goals
Authors: McCullagh Kevin
Published: May 2024

Like using a camera, framing provides both perspective and focus.

While it's true that AI has the potential to increase productivity and accelerate many facets of the design process, it can only do so if it's focused on the right problems.
Exploring the Feasibility of AI‐Generated Logo Concepts
Authors: Olson Eric M. , Olson Kira C.
Published: May 2024

AI‐powered platforms such as ChatGPT, boast capabilities to generate content across various domains, raising the question of whether they can extend their proficiency to logo concept design.

The potential for automated logo concept generation has garnered significant attention in the digital era where brand recognition and differentiation are paramount for competitive advantage.
Toward Smart Sustainable Cities: A Novel Strategic Design Thinking Model
Authors: Schiavo Fabienne T. , de Magalhães Cláudio F.
Published: May 2024

While global challenges are exhaustively debated in the search for solutions, the population is experiencing a significant digital transformation at an accelerated pace, with new technologies being developed and integrated into daily life.

As urban populations continue to rise, it's time to investigate how strategic design can be employed to develop cities of the future with an emphasis on human well‐being and sustainability.
Comparison of shock absorption capacities of three types of mouthguards: A comparative in vitro study
Authors: Arfi Yohan , Benoit Aurélie , Tapie Laurent , Sandoz Baptiste , Persohn Sylvain , Attal Jean‐Pierre , Rignon‐Bret Christophe
Published: May 2024

Background/Aim

3D printing processes can be used to manufacture custom‐made mouthguards for sports activities. Few studies have compared the impact performance of industrial‐created mouthguards with that of custom‐made mouthguards manufactured by thermoforming or 3D printing. The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the shock absorption capacities of custom‐made mouthguards manufactured by 3D printing with industrial mouthguards and thermoformed ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguards.

Materials and Methods

For each type of mouthguard, eight samples were produced. 3D‐printed mouthguards were manufactured using digital light processing technology. Each mouthguard was subjected to an impact performance test defined by the standard AFNOR XP S72‐427, which evaluate maximum deceleration and force transmitted during impact. The thickness of each mouthguard before and after a series of five impacts was measured at the impacted inter‐incisal area.

Results

The mean maximum decelerations during impact ranged from 129 to 189 g for industrial mouthguards, 287 to 425 g for thermoformed EVA mouthguards, and 277 to 302 g for 3D‐printed mouthguards. The mean reduction in mouthguard thickness at the impact zone after five tests was 1.2 mm for industrial mouthguards, 0.6 mm for 3D‐printed mouthguards, and 2.2 mm for thermoformed EVA mouthguards.

Conclusions

Custom‐made 3D printed mouthguards showed slightly better shock absorption ability than thermoformed mouthguards with respect to the indicator proposed in XP S72‐427. They seemed to combine the practical advantages of thermoformed mouthguards in sports with better shock absorption capacity and lower cost. Furthermore, they had the least thickness variation during the test, and their shock absorption capacity was the least affected by repeated mechanical tests. Other types of 3D‐printing resin materials that will become available must continue to be tested for shock absorption to provide the best protection to users at low cost.
Reliability of information in YouTube™ videos on types of root resorption and related stimulating factors
Authors: Cagay Sevencan Gülçin , Erener Hande
Published: May 2024

Background/Aim

Root resorption occurs for various reasons and can also be seen as a treatment complication in orthodontics. This study aimed to assess the reliability and quality of YouTube™ videos on root resorption and to assess whether the videos referred to orthodontic treatment and other stimulation factors.

Materials and Methods

YouTube was searched using the keyword ‘root resorption’, which is the most searched term on Google Trends. The first 200 videos identified using the default filter ‘sort by relevance’ were used. Information such as the source, type, duration, and number of likes were recorded. Videos were analyzed using a 23‐point content scale related to root resorption and divided into groups (poor, moderate, and excellent) based on the Global Quality Score.

Results

A total of 95 videos were included in the study. Most were uploaded by dentists or dental clinics (n = 64, 67.4%). The mean number of days since upload was 1536 ± 1254, and the mean duration was 5 ± 4 min. The videos had a mean of 80 ± 515 likes and 7043 ± 35,382 views, and a mean viewing rate of 1131.71 ± 8736.83. The most discussed topic was radiographic signs of root resorption. While the highest content score for the videos was 21, the average score was only 4. The mean GQS was 2 ± 1. Grouping videos by GQS showed that 55 (57.9%) were poor, 38 (40%) were moderate, and 2 (2.1%) were excellent. There was a significant relationship between videos that mentioned orthodontics (n = 62; 65.3%) and higher GQS (p = .036), and a significant difference was between GQS groups for total content levels (p < .001).

Conclusions

YouTube videos related to root resorption lack sufficient information and clarity, and their quality needs to be improved. Oral health professionals should strive to produce higher‐quality videos.
Herbicide changes the role of body condition in mating interactions of a wolf spider but courtship is primarily affected by female immunity
Authors: Godfrey Jake A. , Culbertson Katrina , Archdeacon Megan , Rypstra Ann L.
Published: May 2024

Animals that live in human‐impacted landscapes experience an onslaught of novel stimuli that may interfere with natural communication pathways. During mating, this interference may alter the criteria deployed to assess potential mates as males and females find they must shift their focus and emphasize alternative sensory modalities. The wolf spider, Tigrosa helluo (Araneae, Lycosidae) is common in agricultural fields where commercial formulations of herbicides with glyphosate as the active ingredient are regularly applied. With the development of genetically resistant crops, glyphosate‐based herbicides have become among the most widely used and heavily applied agricultural chemicals in the world. In a laboratory experiment, we explored the effects of this herbicide on male—female interactions during courtship, mating, and sexual cannibalism. We expected that it might impact assessment such that there was a shift in the features that were important to the outcome of mating interactions. When herbicide was present, female body condition, an indication of recent feeding success, became important to mating success. This result was, in part, due to higher rates of sexual cannibalism in parings of males and females with low body condition values. The leg raises and pedipalp waves that males perform in courtship were not affected by herbicide nor were they related to mating success but, across all treatments, they were negatively correlated with lytic activity of females as measured just prior to pairing. This result indicates that males detected this aspect of the female's physiology and that a strong immune response made the female less attractive, possibly because it indicated a current or recent infection. Taken together, these results verify that a common herbicide shifts mating criteria used by an agribiont spider and, separate from the herbicide, the immune status of females affects the reactions of courting males.
Insight into the role of IRF7 in skin and connective tissue diseases
Authors: Wang Lian , Yang Fengjuan , Ye Jing , Zhang Lu , Jiang Xian
Published: May 2024

Interferons (IFNs) are signalling proteins primarily involved in initiating innate immune responses against pathogens and promoting the maturation of immune cells. Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7) plays a pivotal role in the IFNs signalling pathway. The activation process of IRF7 is incited by exogenous or abnormal nucleic acids, which is followed by the identification via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the ensuing signalling cascades. Upon activation, IRF7 modulates the expression of both IFNs and inflammatory gene regulation. As a multifunctional transcription factor, IRF7 is mainly expressed in immune cells, yet its presence is also detected in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and various dermal cell types. In these cells, IRF7 is critical for skin immunity, inflammation, and fibrosis. IRF7 dysregulation may lead to autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions, including systemic scleroderma (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Atopic dermatitis (AD) and Psoriasis. This comprehensive review aims to extensively elucidate the role of IRF7 and its signalling pathways in immune cells and keratinocytes, highlighting its significance in skin‐related and connective tissue diseases.
Effects on peripheral and central nervous system of key inflammatory intercellular signalling peptides and proteins in psoriasis
Authors: Tang Jue , Zhao Siqi , Shi Huijuan , Li Xuan , Ran Liwei , Cao Jiali , He Yanling
Published: May 2024

Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory cutaneous disease. Where the immune system plays an important role in its pathogenesis, with key inflammatory intercellular signalling peptides and proteins including IL‐17 and IL‐23. The psychoneurological system also figures prominently in development of psoriasis. There is a high prevalence of comorbidity between psoriasis and mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety and mania. Patients with psoriasis often suffer from pathological pain in the lesions, and their neurological accidents could improve the lesions in innervated areas. The immune system and the psychoneurological system interact closely in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Patients with psoriasis exhibit abnormal levels of neuropeptides both in circulating and localized lesion, acting as immunomodulators involved in the inflammatory response. Moreover, receptors for inflammatory factors are expressed in both peripheral and central nervous systems (CNSs), suggesting that nervous system can receive and be influenced by signals from immune system. Key inflammatory intercellular signalling peptides and proteins in psoriasis, such as IL‐17 and IL‐23, can be involved in sensory signalling and may affect synaptic plasticity and the blood–brain barrier of CNS through the circulation. This review provides an overview of the multiple effects on the peripheral and CNS under conditions of systemic inflammation in psoriasis, providing a framework and inspiration for in‐depth studies of neuroimmunomodulation in psoriasis.
Effects of mean stress on the fatigue properties of core‐in‐sheath‐type carbon/glass hybrid thermoplastic composite rods: Experimental investigation and practical predictive method
Authors: Oguma Hiroyuki , Naito Kimiyoshi
Published: May 2024

A systematic acquisition of fatigue test data was conducted under different stress ratio conditions to investigate the effect of mean stress on the fatigue properties of carbon/glass hybrid thermoplastic composite rods. Our findings revealed that as the stress ratio increased with a higher mean stress, the stress dependency of the fatigue life also increased, and the slope of the S‐N curve became gentler. Under identical stress ratio conditions, hybrid rods with a greater volume fraction of carbon fiber exhibited the highest strength and a more gradual slope of the S‐N curve. To account for mean stress effects, an equivalent stress amplitude was introduced, resulting in data collapse at around 107 cycles, rendering this approach an industrially useful method to predict fatigue behavior when working with limited experimental datasets. This study presents a practical technique for estimating fatigue strength under mean stress through a weighted average efficiency and equivalent stress amplitude.
Helicobacter pylori infection found during upper endoscopy performed for the diagnosis of celiac, inflammatory bowel diseases, and eosinophilic esophagitis: A multicenter pediatric European study
Authors: Kotilea Kallirroi , Romano Claudio , Miele Erasmo , Kindermann Angelika , Dolstra Yael , Misak Zrinjka , Urbonas Vaidotas , Sykora Josef , Urruzuno Pedro , Krauthammer Alexander , Rogalidou Maria , Dimakou Konstantina , Zangen Tsili , Roma Eleftheria , Zellos Aglaia , Cilleruelo María Luz , M'Rini Meline , Bontems Patrick , Sahin Yasin , Tavares Marta , Shahinyan Tatevik , Vuletic Biljana , Kalach Nicolas , Kori Michal ,   the ESPGHAN H. pylori special interest group
Published: May 2024

Background

Helicobacter pylori may be found during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) performed to diagnose celiac disease (CeD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We aimed to describe the frequency of H. pylori in children undergoing UGE for CeD, IBD, and EoE and the number of children receiving eradication treatment.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective multicenter study from 14 countries included pediatric patients diagnosed with CeD, IBD, and EoE between January 2019 and December 2021. Data collected: age, gender, hematologic parameters, endoscopic, histologic, and H. pylori culture results, and information on eradication treatment.

Results

H. pylori was identified in 349/3890 (9%) children [167 (48%) male, median 12 years (interquartile range 8.1–14.6)]. H. pylori was present in 10% (173/1733) CeD, 8.5% (110/1292) IBD and 7.6% (66/865) EoE patients (p = NS). The prevalence differed significantly between Europe (Eastern 5.2% (28/536), Southern 3.8% (78/2032), Western 5.6% (28/513)) and the Middle East 26.6% (215/809) [odds ratio (OR) 7.96 95% confidence interval (CI) (6.31–10.1) p < 0.0001]. Eradication treatment was prescribed in 131/349 (37.5%) patients, 34.6% CeD, 35.8% IBD, and 56.1% EoE. Predictors for recommending treatment included erosions/ulcers [OR 6.45 95% CI 3.62–11.47, p < 0.0001] and nodular gastritis [OR 2.25 95% CI 1.33–3.81, p 0.003]. Treatment rates were higher in centers with a low H. pylori prevalence (<20%) [OR 3.36 95% CI 1.47–7.66 p 0.004].

Conclusions

Identifying H. pylori incidentally during UGE performed for the most common gastrointestinal diseases varies significantly among regions but not among diseases. The indications for recommending treatment are not well defined, and less than 40% of children received treatment.
Nationwide survey ofHelicobacter pyloriseropositivity and gastric atrophy in Zambia
Authors: Kayamba Violet , Munshi Husna , Hankolwe Mutinta Nyama , Kaluba Kavimba Ciluvya , Chongwe Gershom , Knaze Viktoria , Park Jin Young , Kelly Paul
Published: May 2024

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)is a common bacterial infection which predominately drives upper gastrointestinal pathology. We carried out a nationwide serological survey in response to the deficiency of robust African data onH. pyloriprevalence, age of acquisition, socio‐geographic determinants, and impact on gastric physiology.

Materials and Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study of archival plasma samples collected during the Zambia Population‐based HIV impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA) 2016 survey. ZAMPHIA used a two‐stage door‐to‐door stratified cluster sample approach to collect samples from adults and children from age 0 to 59 years (n = 24,266). We randomly retrieved one fifth of these samples from each of Zambia's 10 provinces and used ELISA to test forH. pyloriIgG antibodies, pepsinogen 1 and 2 and gastrin‐17. A pepsinogen 1:2 ratio of <3 was used to define gastric atrophy.

Results

The analysis of 4050 plasma samples (30% <16 years, 53% females) revealed an overallH. pyloriseroprevalence of 79%. By the age of 10 years, more than 75% of the children hadH. pylori. Urban residence was associated with increased odds (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.2,p < 0.001) and HIV infection was associated with reduced odds (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.9,p = 0.02) ofH. pyloriseropositivity. Gastric atrophy was detected in 6% ofH. pyloriseropositive adults below 45 years of age and 9% in those between 45 and 59 years.

Conclusions

We have confirmed a high prevalence ofH. pyloriseropositivity in Zambia, predominantly in urban settings. The prevalence of gastric atrophy is broadly consistent with other populations around the globe, but our sample did not include adults over 60 years.
Third space professionals and undergraduate teaching – A comparative study in China, the United Kingdom and Canada
Authors: Feng Kaiyun
Published: May 2024

This research explores the emerging position of teaching professionals in research universities through the framework of ‘third space professionals’. The third space is described as an overlapping space between the professional and academic domains in university and usually staff who are neither traditional academics nor traditional professionals work in this space and considered as the third space professionals. This research is achieved through three case studies, each in China, the United Kingdom and Canada. By investigating the role and positioning of teaching professionals in higher education, this research provides empirical evidence supporting the existence of the third space for professionals in higher education. The findings show that the responsibilities of the teaching professionals are relatively similar at each university, mainly including training academics and supporting curriculum development. However, their positioning in the university and value in supporting teaching and learning can be influenced by their relationship with academics. Universities’ expectations of teaching professionals play an important role in shaping their collective identities. By proposing a three‐dimensional space model for higher education, this research builds on previous studies on the higher education space and offers an alternate framework for interpreting higher education space and analysing university staffing.
CMAS corrosion resistance of scandia, ceria, yttria‐stabilized zirconia ceramic
Authors: Aflaki Mina , Davar Fatemeh
Published: May 2024

Sc2O3–CeO2–Y2O3– stabilized zirconia (ScCeYSZ) nanoparticles with different percentages of stabilizer agents [sample1: 1.8 wt.% (Sc2O3) 8.3 wt.% (CeO2) 1.9 wt.% (Y2O3), sample 2: 1.1 wt.% (Sc2O3) 9.0 wt.% (CeO2) 1.9 wt.% (Y2O3), sample 3: .5 wt.% (Sc2O3) 9.6 wt.% (CeO2) 1.9 wt.% (Y2O3) stabilized zirconia] were synthesized with Pechini method and consolidated by spark plasma sintered method. The results showed that despite the [(sample)1: 1.8 wt.% (Sc2O3) 8.3 wt.% (CeO2) 1.9 wt.% (Y2O3)] had lower density and higher porosity percentage compared to other samples, it had better calcium–magnesium–alumina–silicate (CMAS) corrosion resistance compared to other samples and the yttria‐stabilized zirconia nanopowders (nano‐YSZ) sample. It was due to the higher acidic nature and tetragonality of the (sample)1 sintered body compared to other samples and YSZ ceramic in the CMAS corrosive medium. Moreover, the results of phase and microstructural analysis following CMAS corrosion revealed the formation of the monoclinic phase and rod‐shaped CaAl2Si2O8 particles on the surface of the sampled sintered sample. However, the nano‐YSZ sample corroded homogenously and delamination occurred after the CMAS corrosion test.
Factors contributing to the clinical effectiveness of imeglimin monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hagi Katsuhiko , Kochi Kenji , Watada Hirotaka , Kaku Kohei , Ueki Kohjiro
Published: May 2024

Aims/Introduction

To investigate the effect of patient characteristics on imeglimin effectiveness in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods

Data were pooled from two randomized, placebo‐controlled, 24‐week, double‐blind studies of imeglimin monotherapy in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the proportion of responders (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] < 7.0%) and sustained responders (i.e., achieved and maintained response) in the imeglimin 1,000 mg twice daily group calculated at each visit. Patient factors significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with response were explored through multivariate logistic regression. Subgroup analyses compared the efficacy of imeglimin in patients with a HbA1c improvement less than or equal to −0.3% (early responders) versus greater than −0.3% (early non‐responders) at week 4.

Results

A total of 38.0% of imeglimin‐treated patients and 7.2% of placebo‐treated patients were responders (P < 0.001, number needed to treat = 4). The proportion of sustained responders at weeks 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 was 10.6, 19.0, 24.0, 25.7 and 29.1%, respectively (>70% of responders at each visit). Improvements in HbA1c and fasting glucose were significantly greater in early responders versus early non‐responders from week 4; between‐group differences remained significant to week 24. Older age (odds ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.14; P < 0.001); treatment‐naïve status vs previous treatment (odds ratio 3.70, 95% confidence interval 1.55–8.82; P = 0.003), and lower baseline HbA1c (odds ratio 0.06, 95% confidence interval 0.02–0.16; P < 0.001) predicted response.

Conclusions

A significantly higher proportion of patients receiving imeglimin 1,000 mg twice daily monotherapy were responders versus placebo. Most (>70%) were sustained responders, suggesting that response is fairly predictable. Older age, treatment‐naïve status and early treatment response significantly predicted imeglimin effectiveness.
Facial and ocular thermal mapping in black‐and‐gold howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) by infrared thermography: An ex situ study
Authors: da Costa André Luiz Mota , Silva Maraya Lincoln , Caiaffa Mayara Grego , Matos Flora Nogueira , Gonzaga Cássia Regina Ramos , de Fátima Sallum Leandro Shamira , de Medeiros Marina Alvarado , Teixeira Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello , Teixeira Carlos Roberto
Published: May 2024

Background

This study used infrared thermography (IRT) for mapping the facial and ocular temperatures of howler monkeys, to determine parameters for the diagnosis of febrile processes. There are no published IRT study in this species.

Methods

Were evaluated images of a group of monkeys kept under human care at Sorocaba Zoo (São Paulo, Brazil). The images were recorded during 1 year, in all seasons. Face and eye temperatures were evaluated.

Results

There are statistically significant differences in face and eye temperatures. Mean values and standard deviations for facial and ocular temperature were respectively: 33.0°C (2.1) and 36.5°C (1.9) in the summer; 31.5°C (4.5) and 35.3°C (3.6) in the autumn; 30.0°C (4.3) and 35.6°C (3.9) in the winter; 30.8°C (2.9) and 35.5°C (2.1) in the spring.

Conclusions

The IRT was effective to establish a parameter for facial and ocular temperatures of black‐and‐gold howler monkeys kept under human care.
Biocompatibility profile of aged pigmented and non‐pigmented silicone elastomer for combined maxillofacial defects
Authors: Saleh Eman M. , Mohamed Faten S. , Mehanna Radwa A. , Essawy Marwa M. , Soliman Ingy S.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To assess the biocompatibility of platinum silicone elastomer A‐2000 used in combined maxillofacial defects prosthesis, after being deteriorated by an accelerated aging process resembling both the extra and intraoral environment. This assessment was done indirectly on human‐derived dermal and gingival tissues.

Materials and Methods

One hundred eight samples of room‐temperature vulcanized A‐2000 platinum silicone were equally divided into extrinsically pigmented and non‐pigmented groups to replicate combined maxillofacial defects. Accelerated aging was applied to pigmented samples to mimic extra‐ and intra‐oral conditions, while non‐aged counterparts served as controls. After isolating human cell lineages, dermal and gingival fibroblasts were indirectly exposed to silicone sample media. Cytotoxicity to cultured fibroblasts was assessed via MTT assay. Statistical significance was determined by repeated measures of one‐way ANOVA (p < 0.01), evaluating cytotoxicity on dermal and gingival fibroblasts.

Results

MTT assay showed increased cytotoxicity in pigmented silicon samples subjected to extraoral aging compared to non‐aged counterparts (p < 0.01). Non‐pigmented silicon, modeling intraoral conditions, exhibited cytotoxicity after 48 h (p < 0.05). Both aged and non‐aged silicon extracts equally sensitized gingival fibroblasts at 72 h (p < 0.001). Negative correlations between pigmented and non‐pigmented silicon were observed in dermal cell growth (p > 0.05, except at 24 h, r = 0.2), with accelerated aging showing minimal impact on the pigmentation effect (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The retrieved diminished cellular metabolic activity of platinum silicone elastomer was in an acceptable clinical range, pointing out the importance of periodic assessments of the maxillofacial prosthesis for replacement depending on aging and cytotoxic harmful cellular responses.
Puerto Rican welfare queens and the semiotics of respectability: The language of race, class, and gender
Authors: Beaton Mary Elizabeth , Chappell Whitney , Dauphinais Civitello Ashlee
Published: May 2024

In this article, we explore how raciolinguistic parody functions in a society that hegemonically denies racial divisions. Through an analysis of Puerto Rican comedian Natalia Lugo's YouTube portrayals of her character, Francheska the Yal ‘welfare queen,’ we argue that covert racialization operates through a semiotics of respectability, whereby disreputable forms of femininity, class expression, and nonstandard language are co‐indexical with the yal’s failure to normatively “whiten” herself. We contend that US colonial narratives that scapegoat poor women of color for the island's poverty are reconstructed in Lugo's parodies by depicting the yal as provincial and excessive. Lugo's performative choices underscore the interplay of linguistic, material, and discursive elements that marginalize the yal, enabling parody without challenging structural inequalities. Our analysis sheds light on the ways in which semiotic practices reify such social hierarchies where they are systemically denied.
Plant disease detection with modified deep joint segmentation and combined GoogleNet‐IRNN
Authors: Salini R. , Charlyn Pushpa Latha G. , Khilar Rashmita
Published: May 2024

Productivity in agriculture plays a major role in economic expansion. Because plant disease is a widespread occurrence, plant disease detection is an important problem in the world of agriculture. Plants do suffer a significant consequence if the required care is not taken at the beginning, which affects the amount, quality or productivity of the relevant products. Because it can detect disease symptoms at the earliest stage and reduces the labour required for large crop farm tracking, the automated plant disease detection system is more advantageous. In order to detect plant diseases, this paper proposes a novel, four‐step methodology that consists of improved deep joint image segmentation, feature extraction (which includes LGXP, MBP, colour feature and hierarchy of skeleton feature extraction) and detection via hybrid DL classifier, specifically improved RNN with the transfer learning process and GoogleNet. By averaging the classifiers' results scores, the final detection result is calculated. In terms of several performance metrics, the suggested work's effectiveness is verified in comparison to the traditional models. In contrast to the SVM (79.5597), KNN (59.2767), LSTM (78.1446), GoogleNet (79.4025), CNN (77.6729), and CAE + CNN (80.1886), the F‐measure of the IRNN‐TL is 91.1949.
Safety net patients' satisfaction with oral health services by provider type and intent to return for more care
Authors: Zhao Yunhan , Surdu Simona , Langelier Margaret
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study examined patients' satisfaction with services provided by different oral health providers, their intent to return for additional care, and associations with patients' demographics and service characteristics.

Methods

Descriptive analyses and multivariable ordinal logistic regressions were conducted using survey data from 898 patients who received care at Apple Tree Dental (ATD) in Minnesota during 2021. The questionnaire included 12 statements on patient satisfaction with the clinician's ability to explain the dental diagnosis and treatment options, to be considerate of the patient's needs and dental anxiety, and to provide technically competent services.

Results

In general, patients reported high satisfaction with dental care and a strong intent to return to ATD for future services. No significant differences in patient satisfaction were observed by provider type. Patients' intent to return was higher among non‐White respondents (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.06–2.92) and patients who were more satisfied with their providers' technical competence/treatment (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.37–1.57). The association between intent to return and patient satisfaction with providers' information/communication was stronger for patients treated by dental hygienists. The association between intent to return and patient satisfaction with providers' technical competence/treatment was also stronger for patients who were more satisfied with providers' information/communication and understanding/acceptance, and for those treated by their desired or usual provider.

Conclusions

The study underscores the benefits of introducing dental therapists to the oral healthcare team, showing that this can be achieved without sacrificing either the quality of patient care or patient satisfaction.
The fireball of November 24, 1970, as the most probable source of the Ischgl meteorite
Authors: Gritsevich Maria , Moilanen Jarmo , Visuri Jaakko , Meier Matthias M. M. , Maden Colin , Oberst Jürgen , Heinlein Dieter , Flohrer Joachim , Castro‐Tirado Alberto J. , Delgado‐García Jorge , Koeberl Christian , Ferrière Ludovic , Brandstätter Franz , Povinec Pavel P. , Sýkora Ivan , Schweidler Florian
Published: May 2024

The discovery of the Ischgl meteorite unfolded in a captivating manner. In June 1976, a pristine meteorite stone weighing approximately 1 kg, fully covered with a fresh black fusion crust, was collected on a mountain road in the high‐altitude Alpine environment. The recovery took place while clearing the remnants of a snow avalanche, 2 km northwest of the town of Ischgl in Austria. Subsequent to its retrieval, the specimen remained tucked away in the finder's private residence without undergoing any scientific examination or identification until 2008, when it was brought to the University of Innsbruck. Upon evaluation, the sample was classified as a well‐preserved LL6 chondrite, with a W0 weathering grade, implying a relatively short time between the meteorite fall and its retrieval. To investigate the potential connection between the Ischgl meteorite and a recorded fireball event, we have reviewed all documented fireballs ever photographed by German fireball camera stations. This examination led us to identify the fireball EN241170 observed in Germany by 10 different European Network stations on the night of November 23/24, 1970, as the most likely candidate. We employed state‐of‐the‐art techniques to reconstruct the fireball's trajectory and to reproduce both its luminous and dark flight phases in detail. We find that the determined strewn field and the generated heat map closely align with the recovery location of the Ischgl meteorite. Furthermore, the measured radionuclide data reported here indicate that the pre‐atmospheric size of the Ischgl meteoroid is consistent with the mass estimate inferred from our deceleration analysis along the trajectory. Our findings strongly support the conclusion that the Ischgl meteorite originated from the EN241170 fireball, effectively establishing it as a confirmed meteorite fall. This discovery enables to determine, along with the physical properties, also the heliocentric orbit and cosmic history of the Ischgl meteorite.
Molecular differentiation analysis of ten putative species of Fannia (Diptera: Fanniidae) collected in carrion‐baited traps from Colombia
Authors: Durango‐Manrique Yesica , López‐Rubio Andrés , Gómez Giovan F.
Published: May 2024

The genus Fannia is the most representative of the Fannidae family of true flies with worldwide distribution. Some species are attracted to decomposing materials and live vertebrate animals, which makes them important in forensics, medical and veterinary fields. However, identifying Fannia species can be difficult due to the high similarity in the external morphology of females and limited descriptions and morphological keys. Herein, molecular markers could provide a complementary tool for species identification. However, molecular identification has still limited application since databases contain few data for neotropical species of Fannia. This study assessed the potential of two molecular markers, the COI‐3′ region and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), to differentiate 10 putative species of the genus Fannia from Colombia using distance‐based and tree‐based approaches. The partial ITS2 and/or COI‐3′ regions allowed molecular diagnosis of six species, while pairs of species Fannia colazorrensis + F. dodgei and F. laclara + F. aburrae are conflicting. Although these results might suggest that conflicting pair species are conspecific, consistent morphological differences between males do not support this hypothesis. The lack of differentiation at the nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers for the conflicting species may be due to incomplete evolutionary lineage separation, hybridization, or introgression events. In addition, sexual selection on male morphological traits before species‐specific differences in molecular markers emerge may partially explain the results. Our study provides a valuable dataset to identify and confirm some Fannia species molecularly. Further, they could be used to associate females and immature stages with their conspecifics as a baseline to deep into their biology, ecology, distribution and potential applications in forensic and medico‐veterinary entomology.
Optimal photosynthesis requires a balanced diet of ions
Authors: Kuang Dominic , Romand Shanna
Published: May 2024

This article is a Commentary on Kunz et al. (2024), 243: 543–559.
Navigating the decision‐making landscape of AI in risk finance: Techno‐accountability unveiled
Authors: Issa Helmi , Dakroub Roy , Lakkis Hussein , Jaber Jad
Published: May 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has ushered in a profound transformation. This conversion is marked by revolutionary extrapolative capabilities, a shift toward data‐centric decision‐making processes, and the enhancement of tools for managing risks. However, the adoption of these AI innovations has sparked controversy due to their unpredictable and opaque disposition. This study employs the transactional stress model to empirically investigate how six technological stressors (techno‐stressors) impact both techno‐eustress (positive stress) and techno‐distress (negative stress) experienced by finance professionals and experts. To collect data for this research, an e‐survey was distributed to a diverse group of 251 participants from various sources. The findings, particularly the identification and development of techno‐accountability as a significant factor, contribute to the risk analysis domain by improving the failure mode and effect analysis framework to better fit the rapidly evolving landscape of AI‐driven innovations.
Exploring the enactment of a coaching stance: Findings from one coach–teacher dyad
Authors: Saclarides Evthokia Stephanie , Gillespie Ryan , DeJarnette Anna
Published: May 2024

Coaching teachers is complex work as coaches must navigate multiple and competing roles of expert and colleague. Within mathematics education, there is a lack of research exploring how coaches enact their stance for coaching, balancing the roles of expert and colleague, in ways that best support teacher learning. Furthermore, little is known about the specific discursive practices coaches use when enacting different stances during mathematics interactions with teachers. Drawing on data collected from one coaching cycle for one coach–teacher dyad during mathematics instruction, including transcripts of two planning meetings, one modeled lesson, one reflection meeting, and five semi‐structured interviews, this study explores one instructional coach's discursive enactment of their coaching stance. Qualitative analyses indicate that the coach had the goal of enacting a responsive coaching stance, and in her practice the coach discursively enacted multiple coaching stances. Furthermore, findings indicate that the coach's disciplinary expertise seemed to influence the discursive enactment of her coaching stance. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Dinoflagellate cysts from the Shillong Plateau, Meghalaya (India): Palynological signature during the late Palaeocene–early Eocene Transition
Authors: Singh Y. Raghumani , Devi A. Bijayalaxmi , Singh Nithoujam Surdas , Abbott Mark B. , Arnold T. Elliot , Singh W. Ajoykumar , Devi M. Sapana , Singh Sh. Priyokumar , Devi O. Victory
Published: May 2024

The paper presents a new section of the late Palaeocene‐early Eocene, palynological assemblages and stable carbon isotopes from the Lakadong sandstone member of the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya (India). The Palaeocene‐Eocene transition (PET) is marked by stratigraphic markers of dinoflagellate cysts (taxa of Apectodinium augustum, now Axiodinium augustum) and negative carbon isotope excursion. The palynofloral assemblage indicates the sequence represents warm, humid tropical to subtropical conditions with heavy rainfall. The depositional environment of the Lakadong Sandstone Member is interpreted to be neritic. The new insights of this study in this section suggest the PET with the occurrence of Apectodinium acme consisting of A. augustum at CS5‐15a.