bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Inversion is Not the Full Story: Nuanced Expectations of Gay Men and Lesbian Women’s Competencies in the United States
Authors: Hudson Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn , Noland Elisabeth , Ghani Asma , Allen Aerielle Mari
Published: January 2023

Previous research has shown people assume gender inversion regarding descriptive stereotypes of gay men and lesbian women. Specifically, people believe the preferences of gay men and lesbian women are similar to straight women and men, respectively. However, there is an unexplored tension between the preferences and competencies of gay men and lesbian women in gender counter-normative domains. Across six studies (three main: N = 1,369; three supplementary: N = 1171), we show a divergence between what gay men and lesbian women are expected to do and how well they are expected to do them. Gender inversion did not adequately explain in what domains people anticipated competence from gay men and lesbian women. Instead, gay men and lesbian women were seen, through society’s and participants’ eyes, as relatively low status and incompetent compared to straight men and women across occupations (Studies 1–3), particularly by straight people (Studies 2–3).
Online Ranking System Effects on Perceived Fairness: Gender, Income and Education
Authors: Horan Tyler , Bullen-Smith Imogen
Published: January 2023

The gig economy, which is also referred to as the sharing or on-demand economy, involves the use of online platforms to offer and find short-term work, goods, and services on a flexible basis. These platforms, which allow freelancers and independent contractors to connect with clients in need of their services, have gained widespread popularity in recent years. However, the gig economy has been the subject of much controversy, particularly regarding the fairness of platform rating systems and their impact on workers' income and job security. This article presents an analysis of the distribution of fairness and perceived satisfaction with ranking systems in these work markets, and discusses the ways in which these systems may lead to unfair outcomes for workers. It also examines the effects of these systems on workers' income and job security, and investigates the potential influence of factors such as gender, age, and employment status on the fairness of these rating systems. The article suggests directions for further research on this topic and considers the implications of these findings for policymakers and practitioners.
A Global Social Network Values Dataset
Authors: Horan Tyler
Published: January 2023

Online social networks enable individuals to present a version of themselves to their immediate social circle and beyond. Those presentations express cultural factors such as an individual’s gender, location, political, philosophical, and religious values. However, obtaining such data is often challenging on the aggregate level as it typically involves negotiations with private entities and ownership restrictions. This collection presents a dataset of 244,629,979 user accounts from the platform Vkontakte, an online social network collected in June of 2020. Vkontakte is a social media platform similar to Facebook that allows individuals to connect with other users, communicate with them through public and private messages, and create public personas. This dataset can perform cross-national and cross-cultural analyses of online values from a large portion of the world.
China in Tax Havens
Authors: Clayton Christopher , Coppola Antonio , Santos Amanda Dos , Maggiori Matteo , Schreger Jesse
Published: January 2023

We document the rise of China in offshore capital markets. Chinese firms use globaltax havens to access foreign capital both in equity and bond markets. In the lasttwenty years, China’s presence went from raising a negligible amount of capital in these markets to accounting for more than half of equity issuance and around a fifth of global corporate bonds outstanding in tax havens. Using rich micro data, we show that a range of Chinese firms, including both tech giants and SOEs, use these offshore centers. We conclude by discussing the macroeconomic and financial stability implications of these patterns.
Do instructional manipulation checks measure inattention or miscomprehension?
Authors: Babakhani Nazila , Paas Leo , Dolnicar Sara
Published: January 2023

Instructional Manipulation Checks (IMCs) are intended to detect inattention, a common occurrence in survey responding. We use eye tracking to empirically assess the attention that survey respondents dedicate to a short and a long IMC. We find that all 21 respondents pass the short IMC. In contrast, six respondents fail the long IMC. Our eye-tracking results show that some respondents who fail the long IMC check allocate more cognitive effort and time to processing this check than others, suggesting that lack of comprehension rather than inattention may be the relevant underlying mechanism for their failure. For other respondents failing the IMC, lack of attention and speeding is more likely to be the culprit. These findings culminate into the suggestion that future researchers should assess the time that respondents failing an IMC dedicated to this check to distinguish between miscomprehension (long time) and inattention (short time).
Open Discourse: Towards the first fully Comprehensive and Annotated Corpus of the Parliamentary Protocols of the German Bundestag
Authors: Richter Florian , Koch Philipp , Franke Oliver , Kraus Jakob , Warode Lukas , Kuruc Fabrizio , Heine Stella , Schöps Konstantin
Published: January 2023

Open Discourse is the first temporally all-embracing and comprehensive project, which processes every word ever spoken in the parliamentary sessions of the German Bundestag in a machine-readable way. This paper serves as an introduction to the database, making a connection to existing national and international parliamentary text corpora projects while showing the versatile applicability for political research. The data collection and processing of Open Discourse implies a maintainable and coherent data structure that comes with a lot of contextual political information and is very promising for the intersection of modern quantitative text analysis and differentiated political science research plans. By including every legislative session, almost 900,000 speeches are included in thedatabase, ranging from the inaugural session in 1949 to this year (2022) in the ongoing 20th legislative period.
The Effects of Urbanization and Social Media Use on Individuals' Perceived Social Isolation
Authors: Horan Tyler
Published: January 2023

This study aims to investigate the relationship between social media use and social isolation, and how this relationship varies by demographic and level of urbanity. The research hypotheses include: (H1) The more time that an individual spends on social media, the more they attribute their social isolation to social media; (H2) An individual's age affects how they view social media as a contributing factor to their social isolation; and (H3) the local environment (level of urbanism) affects how an individual views social media as adding to their social isolation. The study uses a survey to collect data from a sample of individuals to test these hypotheses. The results of this study contribute to understanding the complex relationship between social media use and social isolation and inform strategies for promoting social connectedness and well-being in the digital age.
Asset Mapping as a Participatory Research Approach
Authors: Lightfoot Elizabeth , Blevins Jennifer , Dube Amano
Published: January 2023

This chapter introduces participatory asset mapping as a research approach, which can include conceptual or visual maps. The chapter includes a case example of participatory asset mapping, and a step-by-step guide for using participatory asset mapping as a participatory research method.
Preguntas y métodos para ampliar el estudio de las ideas. La vida eidética en un ecosistema intelectivo. Copiapó y sus alrededores (2015-2021)
Authors: Devés-Valdés Eduardo , Álvarez-Rojas Christian
Published: January 2023

Presentamos una propuesta teórica de lo que se denomina “relevamiento del acervo eidético de un ecosistema intelectivo”, como la manera de determinar el nivel de diversidad de expresiones eidéticas dentro de un espacio. El relevamiento se realiza sobre la base de ocho clases de expresiones eidéticas: filosofías de vida, ideologías, cotidianías, paradigmas científicos, biosferismos, ideoglobías, dispositivos eidéticos y expresiones fuera de clasificación. Se concluye con una síntesis de las expresiones eidéticas encontradas, que ascienden a alrededor de 40 en total.
Covid19 and Future Threats: A Law Enforcement Delphi study
Authors: Nikolovska Manja , Johnson Shane
Published: January 2023

On 30 January 2020 the World Health Organisation declared the outbreak of Covid-19 a “Public Health Emergency of International concern” which posed an unprecedented threat. Chief police officers recognised that quick decisions needed to be taken, working with partners to ensure public safety and to help contain the spread of the virus. The National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC) assumed the lead for the national policing response, using an enhanced cross portfolio command structure named Operation Talla.The work described in this report was commissioned by the NPCC and conducted by the Dawes Centre for Future Crime at UCL, in consultation with Op Talla, to understand the effects of the pandemic on the policing response and future impacts. Here, we report the findings of the (Delphi) study, the aims of which were to elicit expert opinion from a wide range of UK law enforcement agency stakeholders (LEAs) to understand their perspectives about the police response to the pandemic, how the pandemic affected policing, what worked well and should continue, how the pandemic affected crime, and how crime mightchange as a consequence of other future drivers of changes (e.g. climate change, Brexit andtechnological change).
Digital Literacy, Ability and Vulnerability: Education and Income Variations in the Platform Economy
Authors: Horan Tyler , Tu Haijing
Published: January 2023

The digital age has brought about significant changes in the way we communicate, access information, and conduct our daily lives. However, not all individuals have equal access to and proficiency with digital technology. This study examines how digital vulnerability, digital ability, and digital literacy vary across individuals with different education levels and income levels. This study finds that there is significant variation in digital vulnerability, digital ability, and digital literacy across education levels and income levels in the platform economy. Specifically, the higher the education level, the higher the digital vulnerability score and the lower the digital ability score. Similarly, the higher the income level, the lower the digital vulnerability score and the lower the digital ability score. Additionally, significant variation in digital literacy was found across education and income levels. These findings suggest that socio-economic factors such as education and income level are important predictors of digital inequality, and that individuals with higher education and income levels may be more cautious with online platforms and thus experience higher levels of digital vulnerability and lower digital ability.
Evaluating Consumer Valuation of Privacy and Advertisement Reduction: A Discrete Choice Experiment of Pinterest Users
Authors: Horan Tyler
Published: January 2023

The widespread use of social media platforms has also raised concerns about user privacy and the intrusive nature of advertisements. This study aims to explore this tension, examining consumer preferences for privacy and advertising levels on social media, using Pinterest as a case study. The methodology used in this study combines a rigorous survey design with advanced statistical analysis to uncover detailed insights into user decision-making processes. The results of this study provide valuable information on user preferences on Pinterest, highlighting the importance of balancing privacy, advertising exposure, and cost to create a user experience that resonates with diverse consumer preferences in the digital age.
Open and Distance Learning as a Scientific Discipline in the Post-Pandemic Era: Insights and Lessons Learned
Authors: Firat Mehmet
Published: January 2023

This paper aims to explore the question of whether open and distance learning can be considered a discipline in its own right, particularly in the context of education in the digital age. Global economic trends, the widespread adoption of information technologies, and the emergence of new businesses have all necessitated the development of a new human profile characterized by a focus on life-long learning, self-learning, information literacy, digital citizenship, adaptability, and staying up-to-date with new developments. The learning demands of this new human profile have propelled the global open and distance learning movement, which has not only enriched this way of learning but has also influenced our concepts about the nature of learning. While open and distance learning played a critical role during the global lockdowns of the COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing discussions continue about its unique contribution to education. In previous studies, distance education has been discussed as a discipline within education science, but a limited conceptual structure has not allowed this innovative movement to be recognized beyond teaching methods. Given the convergence of open and distance learning with social impacts, a new discussion is needed for this discipline in the post-pandemic era. This paper presents a holistic viewpoint from different perspectives, including literature on open and distance learning and current applications, in order to discuss open and distance learning as a discipline.
Authenticity and the Poor Image in the Age of Deep Learning
Authors: Wasielewski Amanda
Published: January 2023

Deep learning techniques are increasingly used to automate categorization and identification tasks for large datasets of digital photographs. For rasterized images formats, such as JPEGs, GIFs, and PNGs, the analysis happens on the level of individual pixels. Given this, digital images used in deep learning applications are typically restricted to relatively low-resolution formats to conform to the standards of popular pre-trained neural networks. Using Hito Steyerl’s conception of the ‘poor image’ as a theoretical frame, this article investigates the use of these relatively low-resolution images in automated analysis, exploring the ways in which they may be deemed preferable to higher-resolution images for deep learning applications. The poor image is rich in value in this context, as it limits the undesirable ‘noise’ of too much detail. In considering the case of automated art authentication, this article argues that a notion of authenticity is beginning to emerge that raises questions around Walter Benjamin’s often-cited definition in relation to mass image culture. Copies or reproductions are now forming the basis for a new model of authenticity, which exists latently in the formal properties of a digital image.
Revised estimates of racial and ethnic disparities in rooftop PV deployment in the United States
Authors: Dokshin Fedor , Thiede Brian C.
Published: January 2023

We report our discovery of significant problems with Sunter, Castellanos, and Kammen’s (SCK) recent study of racial and ethnic disparities in rooftop PV deployment published in Nature Sustainability. First, we identify irregularities in SCK’s reported procedures and results that are statistically implausible. Second, we report results from a failed replication of their analyses. We correct the implausible absolute deployment figures and identify racial and ethnic disparities that differ substantially from those reported by SCK. We also extend SCK’s analysis, showing that white-majority tracts have the largest deployment advantages in states with the most developed PV markets, whereas deployment estimates in Black and other minority-majority tracts are (artificially) inflated by relatively higher deployment in states with very little solar. In our view, an accurate accounting of racial and ethnic disparities in PV deployment is necessary to develop interventions that effectively and equitably promote sustainable energy transitions.
Understanding Indian Telecom Industry post 4G rollout: Regulatory Governance and Market Structure
Authors: M S Navaneeth
Published: January 2023

The paper attempts to give insights into the allocation of spectrum in Indian Telecom Industry with a particular focus since the rollout of the 4G services. While attempting to give insights into the various methods of Spectrum allocation and analyse their efficiency, the paper will also be analysing the market structure in the Indian Telecom Industry through Quantitative Indicators like the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and the Four-Firm Concentration ratio (CR4). The paper would also attempt to give insights and constructive criticism regarding unallocated and inefficient methods of allocating spectrums and possibilities of monopolistic market concentrations in the Telecom Sector as well as the prospects of 5G services
Demand for Medication Abortion Among Public University Students in Washington
Authors: Riley Taylor , Godfrey Emily M. , Angelini Erin , Zia Yasaman , Rizzo Kels , Balkus Jennifer E.
Published: January 2023

This paper is now published at the Journal of American College Health: https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2023.2245481 Provision of medication abortion in student health centers is safe and effective, but no public universities in Washington state provide such services. We estimate demand for medication abortion and describe barriers to care among students at four-year public universities in Washington. Using publicly available data, we estimated that students at the 11 Washington public universities obtained between 549 and 932 medication abortions annually. Students must travel an average of 16 miles (range:1-78) or 73 minutes via public transit (range:22-284) round trip to the nearest abortion-providing facility. Average wait time for the first available appointment was 10 days (range:4-14), and average cost was $711. Public universities can play an integral role in expanding abortion access post-Dobbs by providing medication abortion, effectively reducing barriers to care for students. The state legislature can pass legislation requiring universities to provide medication abortion, similar to what other states also protective of abortion rights have done.
Armenia and China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Lost Opportunities and Future Prospects 2.0
Authors: Sahakyan Mher
Published: January 2023

Yerevan needs to create concrete and real road map for developing its relations with Beijing. China is a young, eastern superpower of the World, which provides tremendous investments. It is already in the neighborhood of Armenia, but Armenian diplomacy still was not able to bring any Chinese serous investment to Armenia. Armenia is also a member of EAEU, which provides an opportunity to Yerevan to implement its policy towards Beijing in multilateral level as well, using the fact that Russia and China decided in 2015 to conjunct EAEU and China’s BRI and that the Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation between the Eurasian Economic Union and the People’s Republic of China was signed on May 17, 2018 in Astana.According to this document, the Parties agreed to develop cooperation in agriculture, energy, transport, industrial cooperation, information and communication infrastructure, technology and innovation, finance, and environment. Thus, Armenia needs to investigate the opportunities that this agreement provides to boost the Sino-Armenian relations bilaterally as well as multilaterally.Statistics provided by China’s General Administration of Customs shows that the volume of trade between the two economies totaled US $994 million in 2020, of which US $222 million was Armenia’s export to China and US $772 was its import from that country. Therefore, Armenia has a negative balance with its bilateral trade with China. The other worrying moment in this trade relations is also that, as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, China’s imports from Armenia are mostly minerals, while China exports clothes, shoes, machinery, chemicals, equipment, construction materials and food to Armenia.To conclude, Yerevan needs to find ways and negotiate with China so that the latter increases purchases of different goods already produced in Armenia, not only minerals.
Perception of secondary school science and mathematics teachers on Professional development participation in Zamfara State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria., Sodangi Umar , Isma'il Akilu ,   Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria., Abdulrahaman Aliu ,   Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2023

The study adopted a descriptive survey design to examine the perception of secondary school science and mathematics teachers on professional development in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of all Science and Mathematics teachers in public secondary schools in Zamfara State. A sample of 217 respondents were drawn through purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Four research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics and z-test. The study revealed that science and mathematics teachers in Zamfara State have low level of awareness on the various types of professional development programmes and have not been participating in the programmes. They ascribed these to the lack of incentives, lack of employer support, too expensive/unaffordable and poor publicity. They also identified content knowledge and pedagogy of teaching as the two major areas they needed professional development. The two groups of teachers have no significant difference on the areas they needed professional development as well as on the barriers impeding their participation. The study recommended among others that, government should regularly sponsor teachers to attend professional development programmes and that teachers should explore and take advantage of numerous free professional development opportunities.
Perceived influence of male child preference on the social adjustment of women producing only females in Jalingo Local Government Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Guidance and Counselling, Taraba State University, Taraba State, Nigeria., Aji Matsayi Lucy , Sababa Linus K. ,   Department of Guidance and Counselling, Taraba State University, Taraba State, Nigeria., Azumi Kefas Vivian ,   Department of Guidance and Counselling, Taraba State University, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of male child preference on the social adjustment of women producing only females in Jalingo Local Government, Taraba State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was used for the study. The population that was used for this study was the entire single and married female gender in Jalingo Local Government. The sample for the study which comprised ninety (90) females and ninety (90) female producing women making 180 respondents altogether were randomly selected from educational centres, recreational centres, as well as marketplaces within the Local Government. The instrument that was used for data collection was a self-designed instrument titled “Male Child Syndrome on Female social Adjustment Questionnaire (MCPSAQ)”. Cronbach's Alpha reliability test was used to determine the reliability coefficient. The reliability result of .996 shows that the instrument was reliable for data collection. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The findings showed that male child preference negatively influences the social adjustment of female producing women in Jalingo Local Government. It was therefore recommended among others that government and non-governmental organizations should mount a serious campaign against the practice of male child syndrome using jingles, public enlightenment, and the declaration of an international day for female producing women.
Approaches to improving management of secondary education for maximum goal attainment
Authors:   Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education,  Port Harcourt, Nigeria., Gimah Baribor Abarile
Published: January 2023

This paper examines approaches to improving management of secondary education for maximum goal attainment in Rivers State, Nigeria. The paper conceptualizes management and secondary education and discusses approaches such as accountability and transparency in secondary school, funding, qualitative teachers, conducive classroom environment, supervision, teacher’s motivation, parental involvement and provision for good school facilities. In conclusion, management of secondary education should involve PTA’s and local community for effective goal attainment. The paper suggested among others that the teachers should be well equipped with relevant teaching aids before entering the classrooms, and the school authorities should ensure that school accounts are regularly audited in an organize manner with a view to sanitize the system.
Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Onion (Allium cepa) on an Aluminum induced kidney damage of a Wister Rat
Authors: Okolo Christine Amica
Published: January 2023

Several researches have been done to find out the effects of plant materials on the human body. This research was done to finds out some questions: does aqueous extract of garlic and onions have an effect on the microanatomy of the kidneys of a Wister rat? Does onion and garlic have an effect on the body and weight of the Wister rat? During this research we were able to collect the plant materials and animals. Using the crude method, we extracted the aqueous form of the plant materials and stored them for administration. We also grouped the animals into 6 groups where we administered the aqueous form of the plants and metal to them. After 8 days the animals were sacrificed by Cervical dislocation and blood was collected from their eyes. The kidneys were also removed and placed in boudin’s fluid for histological preparation, observation, and morphological studies. This research some limitations like; financial limitations and limited data. At the end of the Garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) had no significant effect on the aluminum induced kidney damage of the wistar rat. Further studies should be done to further investigate the effects of Gatlic and Onion on the kidneys.
Management of Kitibha Kushta w.s.r Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: A case report
Authors: Somashekar Keerthi , Biswas Abhishek , RV Ramya , Patnaik Sangamitra
Published: January 2023

In Ayurveda disorders of skin have been dealt under the heading Kushta which is having subtypes based on severity and Doshas involved. Skin being largest organ in human body there is many concerns for cosmetic purpose along with systemic involvement in disease prognosis. This is a case of Kitibha Kushta which is a variety of Kshudra Kushta involving the vitiation of Tridoshas which can be compared to chronic plaque psoriasis in modern science depending on its signs and symptomatology. This case was treated with Sadyo Vamana, Virechana and Shamana Aushadhis in SAMCH department of Panchakarma Bengaluru. Patient has found satisfactory improvements after the following therapies. The lesions have completely disappeared leaving behind only discolouration of skin. This proves us by repeated Shodhana and combination of Shamana Aushadhi gives better result.
Assessment of knowledge and practice of selfmedication among undergraduates of Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Folusayo Adeola Moses , Monday Jimoh , David Adams , Babatunde Ayodele Kolade , Ben Olowoleni Victor
Published: January 2023

Self-medication is defined as obtaining and consuming drugs without the advice of a medical practitioner either for diagnosis, prescription or surveillance of treatment. It is fairly common practice in today’s era, be it in general population, or confined to a relatively smaller group of students. Self-medication can lead to wasteful expenditure, increase in morbidities due to adverse effects and resistance to antibiotics. The objectives of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of self-medication among undergraduates of Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was used for this study. A sample of 300 respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. The findings of the study found that most of the respondents have good knowledge of selfmedication and that self-medication is widely practiced among undergraduates of Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State Nigeria despite their knowledge of its side effects. Based on the findings of the study, it is therefore recommended that the school authority need to enhance the level of knowledge on the health consequences of self-medication through seminar and health talk.
Evaluation of blended fertilizer rate for better production of maize at Siltie Zone Sankura Woreda
Authors: Mohammed Eyerusalem , Mohammed Jemal , Lewut Sasaw , Gizachew Shimelis
Published: January 2023

For sustainable crop production, the use of right fertilizer type at right amount based on crop need has a substantial significance. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) to identify the best fertilizers formulae and rate for production of maize at Silte Zone Sankura Woreda. Nine different fertilizer types and rates were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Treatments were fixed based on limiting nutrients (NPSB) of the area identified by Ethiosis. The treatments are; Control (no fertilizer), 150 kg NPSB+41 kg urea-top dress/ha, 2 00 kg NPSB+72 kg urea-top dress/ha, 250 kg NPSB+102 kg urea-top dress/ha ,100 kg NPSB + 260 kg urea top dressing, 150 kg NPSB+41 kg urea-top dress/ha+ Cu foliar application, 200 kg NPSB+72 kg urea-top dress/ha + Cu (FA) ,250 kg NPSB+102 kg ureatop dress/ha) + Cu (FA) ,100 kg NPSB + 260 kg urea top dressing + Cu (FA). Statistically significant effects (P<0.05) were observed on yield parameters studied due to applied fertilizers while growth parameters were not significantly affected. The highest grain yield (6689 kg/ha) was obtained from treatment application of 100 kg NPSB + 260 kg urea top dressing + Cu. The economic analysis also revealed that application of 100kg NPSB+260kg urea top dressed + Cu resulted with the highest net return of 43344.5 Eth-birr ha-1 with MRR having lowest total cost compared to others. Therefore, based on yield response and economic analysis application of 100kg NPSB+260kg urea top dressed + Cu is recommended for Sankura Woreda.
Perception of Professional Competence of Medical Doctors Trained Using Innovative and Traditional Learning Methods
Authors: Joseph Abuya , Fabian Esamai , Henry Nyamogoba
Published: January 2023

Background; Innovative learning also known as Problem Based Learning (PBL) is student centered whereas Traditional teaching is tutor centered. PBL is a main method of acquiring and applying knowledge and thus develop life-long learning skills. Moi University school of Medicine uses PBL whereas University of Nairobi uses traditional learning methods. Objectives; To evaluate the perceptions of professional competence among medical doctors using innovative learning methods (PBL) as contrasted to traditional teaching methods in their medical education. Methods; This was a cross-sectional study carried out on the medical doctors from Moi University and University of Nairobi. Moi University uses problem-based learning whereas University of Nairobi uses traditional methods as a learning model. A total of 92 post internship medical doctors were recruited. After the obtaining an informed consent, data was collected from the sampled respondents. Data was analyzed using STATA version 10 to obtain descriptive variables. Results; From Moi University there were 37(40.2%) and from University of Nairobi were 55(59.8%). There were 38 females (41.3%) and 54 male (58.7%). Majority of the respondents (79.3%) were in the age range of 25-29years. A total of eight competencies were assessed. In all the eight assessed competencies, the P-value for variable rating in two competencies was less than 0.05. These were; Leadership skills and Planning, organization and working independently. Conclusion; PBL curricula graduates felt that they were better prepared in leadership skills as compared to counterparts who were trained using traditional teaching methods.
The Multifareous role of Nanomedicine in healthcare
Authors: Somashekar Keerthi , Badoni Divya , Gautam Sneh , Lohani Pushpa
Published: January 2023

Nanotechnology is an amalgamation of different disciplines of science and technology that has undergone tremendous evolution in last few years and is thought to play a significant role in revolutionizing health care sector. It can be a breakthrough in various diseases and disorders, targeted drug delivery, drug development, and discovery. Most of the applications are in clinical trials at present. Moreover, the side effects of nanoparticles are of great concern and need to research thoroughly. There are around 122 nanomedicines that are undergoing screening and clinical phase trials. However, out of these, only seventeen have been able to make it to clinical phase II and III trials. These medicines target different types of cancers, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. It is impressive to follow rapid development in nanotechnology in tune with the health industry. At the same time, it is very important to study nanoparticle-based medicines, toxicity and side effects. The goal is to provide better health care with minimal side effects. The article focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the field of medicine highlighting the future prospects.
Significance of elevation of foot in management of varicose veins and its sequelae
Authors: Nagendra T.Uday
Published: January 2023

Varicose veins are a severe clinical manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency [1] , prolonged standing / sitting causes blood to pool in veins of Lower limbs, there by increases the pressure in veins, then veins stretch from Increased pressure, these may weaken the walls of veins and damage the valves. CVI associated with Impaired blood flow leads to tissue congestion oedema and eventually impairement of tissue nutrition. In advanced venous insufficiency Impaired tissue nutrition can causes statis dermatits and development of varicose ulcer. If varicose ulcer is not treated properly, then it gets Infected leads to cellulitis and gangrene, may require amputation of part of limb. The present article deals with brief introduction regarding aetiopathogenesis of varicose veins and its sequelae related symptoms. The aim of writing article is to express the significance of elevation of foot in varicose veins and its sequelae.
Exertional Heat Illness: A Yearly Preventable Cause of Illness and Death in Athletes
Authors: Puga Troy , Schafer Josh , Scigliano Nicholas , Thiel Grace , Treffer Kevin
Published: January 2023

Every summer, exertional heat illness in athletes becomes the center of attention among coaches, athletic trainers, and physicians across the United States. This topic has recently received increased attention as seven football players died from exertional heat illness between July 2020 and August 2021[1] . Health professionals believe that sport-related heat illnesses can be prevented through following published sports guidelines, protocols for weather monitoring and water breaks, and using appropriate conditioning during practice sessions. This topic has become such an issue that several states and local governing bodies have enacted legislation and policy for exertional heat illness education and training for coaches, players, and parents[2,3,32] . Every year there are coaches and programs that abstain from following guidelines, disregard weather conditions, and force extreme conditioning, referred to as “irrational intensity”[4] . This blatant disregard for player safety can lead to severe cases of exertional heat illness and even death. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on athletics for nearly two years. When looking at the scope of athletics this upcoming summer, it is reasonable to say that we may be heading towards a return to more typical summer activities. As COVID-19 restrictions loosen, there will likely be an increase in sports participation this summer compared to the summers of 2020 and 2021. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that the sporting community is educated on a preventable illness that plagues athletes during hot weather seasons. Through education, accountability, enacting protocols, and following guidelines set by health professionals[5-7] , we can help prevent these needless cases of severe heat illness and death.
The Pain-Related Fear Scale: The validation of an instrument to measure pain-related fear in younger adults under 45 years of age with obesity
Authors: Hamer Oliver , Larkin Derek , Relph Nicola , Dey Paola
Published: January 2023

Background: The existence of pain-related fear appears to present an obstacle for health promoting behaviour change, particularly among younger adults with obesity. Measures developed and validated for middle-and-older age groups lack validity in younger adults under 45 years of age. This paper reports on the development and psychometric properties of a new instrument, based on a conceptual framework, to measure pain-related fear in younger adults. Methods: A cross sectional survey design was employed. 236 participants aged 18 to 45 years were recruited to participate. Participants completed three existing pain-related fear instruments mapped to a conceptual framework. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified the dimensions of the new Pain-Related Fear Scale. Construct validity was assessed by comparing scores between physical activity groups; criterion validity by correlation with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia and reliability by Cronbach’s alpha. Differences in scores in the Pain-Related Fear Scale were explored across BMI subgroups. Results: A four-factor model with 12 items met the most acceptability thresholds for a good fitting model (CFI = 0.983; GFI = 0.953; RMSEA = 0.046; SRMR = 0.0301). Higher mean scores on the PainRelated Fear Scale were seen among those reporting low activity compared to high activity levels (F= 4.684; P= 0.01). Modest correlation was observed between the new instrument and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (r= 0.508;95% CI= 0.389-0.612). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.842. Scores were higher in the obese subgroup compared to the healthy bodyweight group (mean difference= -7.42; CI= -12.26 - -2.58; P= 0.001). Conclusion: The Pain-Related Fear Scale is a psychometrically valid measurement of pain-related fear for adults with obesity aged between 18 to 45 years. The instrument can support research relating to barriers to physical activity, and potentially has clinical utility as a screening and outcome measurement.
Relation Between Growth and Developmental Status of Children in Kebon Pala, Jakarta
Authors: Budhyanti Weeke , Lisnaini Dr.
Published: January 2023

Background: Child development usually mentioned as related with child’s growth. Assuming that delayed growth will affect children development, but in fact, no report about this relation in national research. This study conducted to find relation between children growth and their development. Methods: this study is relational quantitative research that used a quantitative approach to measure children body height, body weight, and their developmental status. Study limited in Kebon Pala, Jakarta. Measurement were held by local administrator of Kebon Pala. Body height and weight compared with WHO growth standard, whereas developmental status measured with Developmental Screening Questioner (Kuisioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan, KPSP). Relation between body weight, body height and developmental status assessed with correlational function of Microsoft Excel. Results: there are 12.24% underweight children, 8.16% overweight children, 16.33% short children, 4.08% tall children, 4.08% delayed development children, and 20.41% children with suspicious state of development. Relation between weight and development were -0.17 and between height and development were -0.12. Conclusion: Prevalence of short children were lower than Indonesian report, and 25% children need attention to may catch their development. No relation between nutritional status and developmental status. Nutrition and development approach should be treated together.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of exercise for pulmonary rehabilitation among patients with pulmonary diseases
Authors: Awotidebe Taofeek Oluwole , Fasakin Olufesola Motunrayo , Awopeju Olayemi Fehintola , Adesokan Oluwatobi Joseph , Ademoyegun Adekola Babatunde , Odunlade Adekola John , Suleman Jamiu Friday , Adedoyin Rufus Adesoji
Published: January 2023

Knowledge of self-care management using exercise to improve pulmonary functions may help to reduce frequent hospitalization and mortality in patients with pulmonary diseases (PmDs). However, there is dearth of information on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of exercise for pulmonary rehabilitation (ExPR) among patients with PmDs. Hence, this study investigated KAP on ExPR in patients with PmDs. This cross-sectional study involved 105 patients with PmDs (male: n=47, female: n=58) who were purposively recruited from Nigerian hospitals. Validated instruments on ExPR and socio-economic status (SES) were used to assess KAP of ExPR and SES among patients with PmDs, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at p˂0.05. The mean age of respondents was 54.0±18.7 years with more than half, 56 (53.3%) reported low SES. More than a third, 36 (34.3%) of respondents had asthma. In addition, more than half, 54 (51.4%) scored above average knowledge of ExPR, less than half, 45(47.4%) reported negative attitude to ExPR. Similarly, more than half, 60 (57.1%) demonstrated poor ExPR practice. However, there was significant associations between knowledge and level of education (χ2 =13.687; P = 0.003), attitude and age (χ2 = 12.602; P = 0.039) and practice and SES (χ2 = 17.648; P = 0.002). In conclusion, patients with PmDs demonstrated good knowledge, negative attitude and poor practice of ExPR. Knowledge, attitude and practice of ExPR were significantly associated with socio-demographic and economic level among patients with PmDs.
Trends in the use of manual therapy among physiotherapists in jakarta: a survey study
Authors: Anggiat Lucky , Rahmansyah Beriman
Published: January 2023

Background: In clinical practice, physiotherapists deal with many instances of musculoskeletal disorders. Manual therapy is the most common physiotherapy modality used or can be said to be the most popular and quite effective in musculoskeletal cases. This study aims to examine the knowledge of physiotherapists in the application of manual therapy in clinical practice. Furthermore, specifically to find out the development of the selection of manual therapy techniques or methods that are often used by physiotherapists. Methods: The research method used is a survey method that is given online to physiotherapists. Researchers target physiotherapists in the Jakarta, Indonesia. The online questionnaire was created by the researchers and consists of four parts of questions which are demographic data, most common cases, most known manual therapy methods and frequency of using manual therapy in practice. Results: Questionnaires were given to 180 target respondents. However, the respondents who accepted to fill out the questionnaire were only 60 respondents. Most common cases faced by physiotherapists are musculoskeletal with the neuromuscular following next. the Mulligan Concepts technique is the technique that is the most known by the respondents or can be considered the most popular. The use of therapeutic exercise and stretching is quite widely used by physiotherapists in combination with manual therapy. Conclusion. The Mulligan Manual Therapy technique is the most well-known or popular manual therapy technique among physiotherapists. Although quite popular, all manual therapy technique was often used by physiotherapists.
Impact of stress and physical activity level on menstrual disorders among university female athletes
Authors: GMV Upeksha , AMGCP Adikari
Published: January 2023

Female university athletes are highly vulnerable to stress due to the demands of academic work, examinations, sports training, competitions, and other social interactions. Both psychological and physiological thresholds can directly affect their menstrual cycle and can direct to different menstrual disorders. Hence, the objective of the current study is to identify the prevalence of menstrual disorders and the effect of stress and physical activity level on menstrual disorder types among female university athletes in Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional survey was carried out recruiting 167 (n=167) female university athletes age ranged from 20 to 29 years. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants who actively engaged in university sports. Modified Rhinessa Women’s Questionnaire was used to gather the data on menstrual disorders and the Perceived Stress Scale was used to identify the stress among participants while the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to identify the physical activity level of the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0). Data were not normally distributed, hence non-parametric tests were employed to analyze the data. Results revealed that 86.8% of the participants were having normal menstrual cycles while 13.2% reported menstrual irregularities. From that, 4.8% of the participants reported primary amenorrhea, 4.8% showed oligomenorrhea, 3.0% showed secondary amenorrhea, and 0.6% showed polymenorrhea. Furthermore, 5.4% of the participants who had normal menstrual cycles reported dysmenorrhea. A considerable percentage (13.2%) of the participants showed menstrual irregularities and the prevalence was high in primary amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and secondary amenorrhea irregularity types. Female university athletes showed moderate levels of perceived stress (19.10 ± 4.56) during the data collection period. Kruskal Wallis test revealed that there is no significant difference between perceived stress and menstrual disorder types among female university athletes (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the Kruskal Wallis test revealed that there is a significant difference between physical activity level and menstrual disorder types among female university athletes (p < 0.05). Menstrual disorders may negatively affect the health of female athletes. Since there is a very limited number of studies have been conducted using university female athletes and the effect of perceived stress and physical activity level on menstrual disorders, more research is needed to confirm the present outcome. High physical activity levels may be the reason for these irregularities. Thus, more research is needed to conclude the present results.