bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA‐153‐3p increases autophagy in sevoflurane‐preconditioned mice to protect against ischaemic/reperfusion injury after knee arthroplasty
Authors: Qiu Shuang , Liu Benjuan , Mo Yanshuai , Wang Xueqin , Zhong Lina , Han Xiao , Mi Fuli
Published: April 2020

The use of tourniquet during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can result in ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Of interest, microRNAs (miRs) are reported to be involved in various kinds of IRI due to their ability in modulating autophagy. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the effect of miR‐153‐3p on autophagy in IRI in vitro and in vivo under sevoflurane preconditioning. In the in vitro model, chondrocytes from naive mice were treated with 0% FBS alone or in combination with sevoflurane. Additionally, in vivo assays were conducted in mouse models with tourniquet‐induced IRI after TKA under or without sevoflurane preconditioning. The pathological observation in vivo validated that sevoflurane preconditioning protected the knee joint against IRI. Moreover, miR‐153‐3p expression was diminished in chondrocytes of the in vitro model and in cartilage tissue of the in vivo model, but its expression was appreciably up‐regulated in the presence of sevoflurane preconditioning. Mechanistic study showed that miR‐153‐3p disrupted the interaction between Bcl‐2 and Beclin1 by targeting Bcl‐2, thereby facilitating autophagy in chondrocytes under sevoflurane preconditioning. Furthermore, the experiments in human chondrocytes also verified the protective effects of miR‐153‐3p against IRI were realized through inhibiting Bcl‐2. Collectively, miR‐153‐3p overexpression blocks the interaction between Bcl‐2 and Beclin1 via down‐regulation of Bcl‐2 to promote autophagy of chondrocytes, thus protecting knee joint against IRI after TKA under sevoflurane preconditioning.
They are here to stay: the biology and ecology of lionfish (Pterois miles) in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Savva Ioannis , Chartosia Niki , Antoniou Charalampos , Kleitou Periklis , Georgiou Andreas , Stern Nir , Hadjioannou Louis , Jimenez Carlos , Andreou Vasilis , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. , Kletou Demetris
Published: April 2020

The lionfish, Pterois miles, is one of the most recent Lessepsian immigrants into the Mediterranean Sea, and it poses a serious threat to marine ecosystems in the region. This study assesses the basic biology and ecology of lionfish in the Mediterranean, examining morphometrics, reproduction and diet as well as population structure and distribution. The population density of lionfish has increased dramatically in Cyprus since the first sighting in late 2012; by 2018 aggregations of up to 70 lionfish were found on rocky grounds with complex reefs and artificial reefs in depths of 0–50 m. Lionfish in Cyprus become mature within a year, and adults are capable of spawning year‐round, with peak spawning in summer when the sea‐surface temperature reaches 28.4°C. The Cypriot lionfish grow faster and bigger than in their native range, and females are more common than males. Lionfish are generalist predators in these waters, as also found in their native range, consuming a range of teleost and crustacean prey, some of which are of high economic value (e.g., Spicara smaris and Sparisoma cretense) or have an important role in local trophic webs (e.g., Chromis chromis). Overall, the reproductive patterns, the presence of juveniles and adults throughout the year, the rapid growth rates and the generalist diet indicate that lionfish are thriving and are now already well established in the region and could potentially become the serious nuisance that they are in their temperate and tropical western Atlantic–invasive range.
Facial nerve paralysis in 64 equids: Clinical variables, diagnosis, and outcome
Authors: Boorman Sophie , Scherrer Nicole M. , Stefanovski Darko , Johnson Amy L.
Published: April 2020

Background

Facial nerve paralysis (FNP) in equids is not well described in the veterinary literature.

Objective

To investigate the causes of FNP and associations among clinical variables, diagnosis, and outcome.

Animals

Sixty‐four equids presenting with FNP between July 2000 and April 2019. Cases of postanesthetic FNP were excluded.

Methods

Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Variables were evaluated for associations with outcomes (diagnosis and case outcome) using logistic regression.

Results

The most common cause of FNP was trauma (n = 20). Additional diagnoses included central nervous system (CNS) disease (n = 16), idiopathic (n = 12, 4 of which had adequate diagnostic investigation and were considered “true” idiopathic, and 8 of which were considered “not investigated” idiopathic), temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (n = 10), otitis media‐interna (n = 3), lymphoma (n = 1), iatrogenic as a consequence of infiltration of local anesthetic (n = 1), and clostridial myositis (n = 1). Follow‐up was available for 55 (86%) cases. Twenty‐nine (53%) equids had full resolution of FNP, 14 (25%) were euthanized, 6 (11%) partially improved, and 6 (11%) were unchanged or worse.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

If FNP is the consequence of CNS disease, successful treatment of the primary disease likely leads to resolution of FNP. Most cases of FNP in equids are traumatic in origin. True idiopathic cases are uncommon.
Multiplex Genetic Engineering Exploiting Pyrimidine Salvage Pathway-Based Endogenous Counterselectable Markers
Authors: Birštonas Lukas , Dallemulle Alex , López-Berges Manuel S. , Jacobsen Ilse D. , Offterdinger Martin , Abt Beate , Straßburger Maria , Bauer Ingo , Schmidt Oliver , Sarg Bettina , Lindner Herbert , Haas Hubertus , Gsaller Fabio
Published: April 2020

This work reports the discovery of a novel genetic toolbox comprising multiple, endogenous selectable markers for targeted genomic insertions of DNAs of interest (DOIs). Marker genes encode proteins involved in 5-fluorocytosine uptake and pyrimidine salvage activities mediating 5-fluorocytosine deamination as well as 5-fluorouracil phosphoribosylation. The requirement for their genomic replacement by DOIs to confer 5-fluorocytosine or 5-fluorouracil resistance for transformation selection enforces site-specific integrations. Due to the fact that the described markers are endogenously encoded, there is no necessity for the exogenous introduction of commonly employed markers such as auxotrophy-complementing genes or antibiotic resistance cassettes. Importantly, inactivation of the described marker genes had no adverse effects on nutrient requirements, growth, or virulence of the human pathogen
Aspergillus fumigatus
. Given the limited number and distinct types of selectable markers available for the genetic manipulation of prototrophic strains such as wild-type strains, we anticipate that the proposed methodology will significantly advance genetic as well as metabolic engineering of fungal species.
RhlR-Regulated Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Quorum Sensing in a Cystic Fibrosis Isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Cruz Renae L. , Asfahl Kyle L. , Van den Bossche Sara , Coenye Tom , Crabbé Aurélie , Dandekar Ajai A.
Published: April 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a prominent cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogen that uses quorum sensing (QS) to regulate virulence. In laboratory strains, the key QS regulator is LasR. Many isolates from patients with chronic CF infections appear to use an alternate QS circuitry in which another transcriptional regulator, RhlR, mediates QS. We show that a LasR-null CF clinical isolate engages in QS through RhlR and remains capable of inducing cell death in an
in vivo-
like lung epithelium cell model. Our findings support the notion that LasR-null clinical isolates can engage in RhlR QS and highlight the centrality of RhlR in chronic
P. aeruginosa
infections.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) Icelandic founder mutation carriers
Authors: Adalsteinsdottir Berglind , Burke Michael , Maron Barry J , Danielsen Ragnar , Lopez Begoña , Diez Javier , Jarolim Petr , Seidman Jonathan , Seidman Christine E. , Ho Carolyn Y , Gunnarsson Gunnar Th
Published: April 2020

Objective

The myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) c.927-2A>G founder mutation accounts for >90% of sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Iceland. This cross-sectional observational study explored the penetrance and phenotypic burden among carriers of this single, prevalent founder mutation.

Methods

We studied 60 probands with HCM caused byMYBPC3c.927-2A>G and 225 first-degree relatives. All participants underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation and relatives were genotyped.

Results

Genetic and clinical evaluation of relatives identified 49 genotype-positive (G+) relatives with left ventricular hypertrophy (G+/LVH+), 59 G+without LVH (G+/LVH−) and 117 genotype-negative relatives (unaffected). Compared with HCM probands, G+/LVH+ relatives were older at HCM diagnosis, had less LVH, a less prevalent diastolic dysfunction, fewer ECG abnormalities, lower serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels, and fewer symptoms. The penetrance of HCM was influenced by age and sex; specifically, LVH was present in 39% of G+males but only 9% of G+females under age 40 years (p=0.015), versus 86% and 83%, respectively, after age 60 (p=0.89). G+/LVH− subjects had normal wall thicknesses, diastolic function and NT-proBNP levels, but subtle changes in LV geometry and more ECG abnormalities than their unaffected relatives.

Conclusions

Phenotypic expression of the IcelandicMYBPC3founder mutation varies by age, sex and proband status. Men are more likely to have LVH at a younger age, and disease manifestations were more prominent in probands than in relatives identified via family screening. G+/LVH− individuals had subtle clinical differences from unaffected relatives well into adulthood, indicating subclinical phenotypic expression of the pathogenic mutation.
Firm spin and parity assignments for high-lying, low-spin levels in stable Si isotopes
Authors: Sinclair J. , Scheck M. , Finch S. W. , Krishichayan  , Friman-Gayer U. , Tornow W. , Battaglia G. , Beck T. , Chapman R. , Chishti M. M. R. , Fransen Ch. , Gonzales R. , Hoemann E. , Isaak J. , Janssens R. V. F. , Jaroszynski D. A. , Johnson S. , Jones M. D. , Keatings J. M. , Kelly N. , Kleemann J. , Little D. , Löher B. , Mashtakov K. R. , Müscher M. , O’Donnell D. , Papst O. , Peters E. E. , Savran D. , Schilling M. , Schwengner R. , Spagnoletti P. , Spieker M. , Werner V. , Wilhelmy J. , Wieland O. , Yates S. W. , Zilges A.
Published: April 2020

A natural silicon target was investigated in a $$^{\text {nat}}$$natSi($$\mathbf {\gamma },\gamma ^{\prime }$$γ,γ′) photon-scattering experiment with fully linearly-polarised, quasi-monochromatic $$\mathbf {\gamma }$$γ rays in the entrance channel. The mean photon energies used were $$\langle {E}_{\gamma }\rangle =$$⟨Eγ⟩= 9.33, 9.77, 10.17, 10.55, 10.93, and 11.37 MeV, and the relative energy spread (full width at half maximum) of the incident beam was $$\varDelta E_{\gamma }/\langle {E}_{\gamma }\rangle \approx $$ΔEγ/⟨Eγ⟩≈ 3.5–4 %. The observed angular distributions for the ground-state decay allow firm spin and parity assignments for several levels of the stable even-even silicon isotopes.
Switchback effect of holographic complexity in multiple-horizon black holes
Authors: Jiang Jie , Chen Zhaohui , Liu Chengcheng
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we use the “complexity equals action” (CA) conjecture to explore the switchback effect in the strongly-coupled quantum field theories with finite N and finite coupling effects. In the perspective of holography, this is equivalent to evaluating the CA complexity in a Vaidya geometry equipped with a light shockwave for a higher curvature gravitational theory. Based on the Noether charge formalism of Iyer and Wald, we obtain the slope of the complexity of formation in the small- and large-time approximations. By circuit analogy, we show that our results concur with the switchback effect of the quantum system. These results show that the switchback effect is a general feature of the CA complexity in stationary black holes and its existence is independent of the explicit gravitational theory as well as spacetime background. From the viewpoint of AdS/CFT, this also implies that the switchback effect is a general feature of the thermofield double state in the strongly-coupled quantum field systems with finite N and finite coupling effects. Moreover, we also illustrate that unlike the late-time complexity growth rate, the counterterm plays an important role in the study of the switchback effect.
Carbon Electrocatalysts For Hydrazine Oxidation: Self-Templating Design Of Hierarchical Porosity Using Barium Carbonate Nanoparticles
Authors: Farber Eliyahu M. , Ojha Kasinath , Burshtein Tomer Y. , Eisenberg David
Published: April 2020

To enable hydrazine as a clean fuel in next-generation fuel cells, electrocatalysts are sought for the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). Nanostructure of the electrocatalyst plays a crucial role in electrocatalytic activity, yet rational design of surface area, hierarchical porosity, doping and conductivity is highly challenging. We now report a systematic investigation into the structural evolution of excellent HzOR electrocatalysts. This hierarchically porous, N-doped carbon was derived by the tunable self-templating strategy from a simple, well-defined metal-organic coordination polymer (barium nitrilotriacetate). To understand the evolution of structure and its effect on electrocatalytic activity, we combined XRD, HRSEM, TEM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, N2porosimetry, and voltammetry. The sizes, shapes and distributions of BaCO3nanoparticles and agglomerates were found to be temperature-dependent, and strongly correlated to the hierarchical porosity in the ultimate carbons. The final carbons display a multi-modal porosity, high surface areas (up to 1030 m2g−1), high nitrogen content (up to 2.7 at%), and excellent graphitization. The best catalysts, prepared at 700 °C and 800 °C, begin electro-oxidizing hydrazine at onset potentials as low as 0.34 V vs RHE at pH 14—within a few 10 s mVs of the best metal-free HzOR electrocatalysts ever reported.
Comparing Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System Version 2 (PI‐RADSv2) Category 1 and 2 Groups: Clinical Implication of Negative Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Kim Jung Kwon , Lee Hak Jong , Hwang Sung Il , Choe Gheeyoung , Hong Sung Kyu
Published: April 2020

Objectives. To evaluate the clinicopathological differences between Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) version 2 (v2) category 1 and 2 groups. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed our two institutional clinical databases: (1) transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion biopsy cohort (n = 706) and (2) radical prostatectomy (RP) cohort (n = 1403). Subsequently, we performed comparative analyses between PI‐RADSv2 category 1 and 2 groups. Clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) was defined as the presence of Gleason score (GS) ≥ 3 + 4 in a single biopsy core, and adverse pathology (AP) was defined as high‐grade (primary Gleason pattern 4 or any pattern 5) and/or non‐organ‐confined disease (pT3/N1). We also performed multivariate logistic regression analyses for AP. Results. In the TRUS/MRI fusion biopsy cohort, no significant differences in detection rates of all cancer (18.2% vs. 29.0%, respectively, P = 0.730) or csPCa (9.1% vs. 9.9%, respectively, P = 0.692) were observed between PI‐RADSv2 category 1 and 2 groups. There were no significant differences in pathologic outcomes including Gleason score (≥4 + 3, 21.2% vs. 29.9%, respectively, P = 0.420) or detection rate of AP (27.3% vs. 33.8%, respectively, P = 0.561) between the two groups in the RP cohort either. PI‐RADSv2 category 1 or 2 had no significant association with AP, even in univariate analysis (P = 0.299). Conclusions. PI‐RADSv2 categories 1 and 2 had similar performance to predict clinicopathological outcomes. Consequently, these two categories may be unified into a single category. Negative mpMRI does not guarantee the absence of AP, as with csPCa.
Benign Duodenal Stricture Treated with Surgical Correction and Dietary Therapy in a Golden Retriever
Authors: Rowe John C. , Huang Alice A. , Heo Jin , Parnell Nolie K. , Rudinsky Adam J.
Published: April 2020

A benign duodenal stricture is a well-documented condition of humans that has not been characterized in dogs. In this case report, the clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, endoscopic, surgical, and histopathologic findings of a single benign duodenal stricture in a Golden Retriever are reported. Definitive diagnosis was made possible with the utilization of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Surgical correction of the stricture, paired with dietary therapy that utilized a highly digestible diet, resolved the clinical signs in the case reported. Several inciting causes were identified as possible drivers of stricture formation, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration, mucosal ulceration, traumatic injury, or inflammatory intestinal disease. A benign duodenal stricture should be considered an infrequent cause of intermittent, chronic gastrointestinal signs that may have a favorable outcome via surgical correction and dietary management.
Recognition of Functional Areas Based on Call Detail Records and Point of Interest Data
Authors: Yuan Guang , Chen Yanyan , Sun Lishan , Lai Jianhui , Li Tongfei , Liu Zhuo
Published: April 2020

With the recent emergence of big data, there has been significant progress in the study of big data mining and rapid developments in urban computing. With the integration of planning and management in urban areas, there is an urgent need to focus on the identification of urban functional areas (UFAs) based on big data. This paper describes the concept of communication activity intensity, which is more meaningful than the number of communication activities or the user density in identifying UFAs. The impact of diverse geographical area subdivisions on the accuracy of UFA recognition is discussed, and a k-means clustering method for dynamic call detail record data and kernel density estimation technique for static point of interest data are established at the traffic analysis zone level. A case study on the region within Beijing’s 3rd Ring Road is conducted, and the results of UFA identification are qualitatively and quantitatively verified. The causes of large passenger flows on certain metro lines in Beijing are also analyzed. The highest identification accuracy is obtained for park and scenery areas, followed by residential areas and office areas. In conclusion, the proposed method offers a significant improvement over the identification accuracy of previous techniques, which verifies the reliability of the method.
Laser Treatment of Accidental Tattoos: Experience at a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Eggenschwiler Corinne D.C. , Dummer Reinhard , Imhof Laurence
Published: April 2020

Background: To date, information on laser treatment of accidental tattoos is limited. Objectives: This study analyzes the efficacy and safety of quality-switched ruby, quality-switched Nd:YAG and picosecond lasers in the treatment of accidental hyperpigmentation in a larger patient cohort. To date, there is limited information on laser therapy of accidental hyperpigmentation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective systematic single-center analysis on 70 patients, which presented with accidental hyperpigmentation at the Dermatology Department of the University Hospital of Zurich between 2008 and 2017. Patients with accidental tattoos due to road injuries, explosives or other traumas and iatrogenic measures were included. We analyzed the data including laser parameters such as wavelength, energy density, spot size and intervals between the sessions. Also, the number of sessions performed and the overall success were registered. Results: We treated 38 patients by quality-switched nano- and/or picosecond laser therapy and completed the treatment in 28 cases within a mean number of 3–5 laser sessions. No complications occurred. Conclusion: We demonstrate the validity and safety of quality-switched and picosecond lasers in the treatment of accidental hyperpigmentation. Using a combination of different wavelengths and pulse lengths on the same lesion and gradually increasing the fluence in the course of the laser treatment is recommendable to increase efficacy. We observed a tendency towards faster elimination of facial accidental tattoos and/or originating from road injuries compared to tattoos located on the extremities and those caused by explosions, piercings or iatrogenic measures or consisting of metal pigment particles.
Demographic Characteristics Associated with the Likelihood to Use Paid Home Care for People with Dementia among South African Muslims
Authors: Ramaboa Kutlwano K.K.M. , Fredericks Iman
Published: April 2020

Background: In societies where the value of filial piety is observed, a preference for caregiving to take place at home exists. In fact, institutional and paid home care for people with dementia (PWD) are still taboo in some Muslim societies. However, economic development and globalisation have resulted in intergenerational separation, thus impacting the ability by young adults to provide care for the elderly at home. Objective: We establish the demographic characteristics most likely to be associated with the use of paid home care – age, gender, education level, marital status, family structure, experience with dementia care in the family, and number of dependents – for PWD among South African Muslims. Methods: A survey, administered in the form of an online questionnaire, of Muslim families across each of the 9 provinces of South Africa was conducted. Multiple logistic regression was used to test the effects of the demographic variables on the type of care choice arrangement (family as primary caregiver vs. paid home caregiving). Results: 422 responses were analysed, 28% of which indicated the respondents’ desire to use paid home caregivers. The multiple logistic regression results indicate that South African Muslim families are more likely to use paid home care if they are older (that is, over 40 years; OR = 1.972, 95% CI: 1.445–2.695), are female (OR = 1.637, 95% CI: 1.089–2.457), and have high levels of education (OR = 1.828, 95% CI: 1.070–3.125). Conclusion: Home-based care is touted as the next dementia care model. Given that intergenerational mobility is likely to increase as future generations continue to participate more in the labour market, minority groups with a disposition to the same familial social values will require appropriate support in order to cope with the demands of caring for PWD. Suitable interventions for Muslim families who are not open to using external assistance, as well as those who are, need to be administered to enable the caregiver and care recipient to thrive at home.
Font Remix (A Metadesign)
Authors: Peña Ernesto
Published: April 2020

In this article, I introduce the notion of remix as a form of metadesign—a methodological system—applicable to type design. Although the concept of metadesign has been entertained since at least the mid-1960s, it has gained new relevance as it has resurfaced in academic literature during the twenty-first century. This new relevance has been credited to the development of digital tools that allow for the automation of processes.
Anything Goes with Wit and Ambiguity: Playfulness in Japanese Visual Culture
Authors: Nguyen Hung Ky
Published: April 2020

Being witty and being culturally appreciated are two independent things in visual communication design. More often than not, on one hand, the Japanese sense of ‘playfulness’ is manifested in enigmatic images, which express intriguing aspects of Japanese psyche. On the other hand, the Western sense of humor is often light hearted, as its major aim is to raise a smile instead of ambiguity. This ethnographic study examines the essence, categories, and sentiment of playfulness in Japanese context. It also explores in detail the situations in which playfulness is used and, where permitted, how Japanese artists and designers come up with playful ideas and encode meaning in their works. The conclusion focuses on how the Japanese sense of playfulness has long been used to establish cultural influence, social voice, and individual distinction.
A new species of Dixonius (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the karst forest of Khammouane Province, central Laos
Authors: NGUYEN THUONG HUYEN , SITTHIVONG SALY , NGO HANH THI , LUU VINH QUANG , NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG , LE MINH DUC , ZIEGLER THOMAS
Published: April 2020

A new species of Dixonius is described on the basis of three specimens from the karst forests around Thakhek town, Khammouane Province, Laos. The new species from Laos can be distinguished from other species of Dixonius based on molecular and morphological divergences. It is characterized by a maximum SVL of 55.4 mm; 20–23 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles at mid-body; 23–24 longitudinal rows of ventrals across the abdomen; 8–10 supralabials, 7 or 8 in mid-orbital position; 7 or 8 infralabials; 8 precloacal pores in male; the male without femoral pores; precloacal and femoral pores absent in females; uniformly pebble brown dorsum. In phylogenetic analyses, the new species is shown to be the sister taxon to two undescribed taxa from Thailand but differs by at least 8.6% in genetic pairwise distance from the latter based on the complete sequences of the mitochondrial ND2 gene with partial or complete sequences of six adjacent tRNAs. This is the ninth known species of Dixonius, and the second recorded species from Laos.
Characterization of eco-friendly processing aids for styrene butadiene rubber composites with silica
Authors: Ho Song Sung
Published: April 2020

With the development of environmentally friendly “green tires” in the tire industry, silica has been used as a reinforcing filler material in tread compounds. With regard to this rubber compounding process, non-toxic, and renewable processing aids are required. We fabricated such processing aids with multi-alcohol components of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups (M-A-S) to make the hydrophilic silica compatible with the hydrophobic rubber matrix. The rubber composites with M-A-S showed remarkable enhancements in the mechanical properties, specifically the tensile strength, elongation and fatigue properties due to the improved dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix. They also exhibited outstanding heat build-up, good rebound resilience, and abrasion levels at low loadings. Furthermore, M-A-S were added directly to tread compounds to make a pneumatic tire with enhanced high-speed durability and enhanced dry and wet braking due to the strong interfacial interaction between the silica and the rubber matrix. These results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed potential replacement for metal-ion processing aids for tire engineering.
Deliberative Systems Theory and Citizens’ Use of Online Media: Testing a Critical Theory of Democracy on a High Achiever
Authors: Holst Cathrine , Moe Hallvard
Published: April 2020

Deliberative systems theory is a promising candidate for a normative theory of democracy that combines ideal requirements with feasibility. Yet, recent theoretical elaborations and studies of citizens’ online media use inspired by the theory suffer from an incomplete account of the public sphere’s epistemic function, too rough interpretations of participatory levels, shortcomings in the understanding of online media, and a context-insensitive notion of policy reform. Addressing these weaknesses, the article argues for a refined version of deliberative systems theory. Particular attention is given to feasibility considerations. Reviewing studies of online democracy in Norway, the article shows that the theoretical critique has practical significance. It is also argued that the amended version of the deliberative systems approach produces a diagnosis of Norwegian online democracy more in line with reasonable expectations to a high achiever. This is taken as a prima facie indicator of feasibility.
Not More Technology but More Effective Technology: Examining the State of Technology Integration in EAP Programmes
Authors: Lawrence Geoff , Ahmed Farhana , Cole Christina , Johnston Kris Pierre
Published: April 2020

Technology use in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programmes is seen as a strategy to support pedagogical innovation and intensifying growth in post-secondary international student enrolments. This article discusses government-funded research documenting the largely undefined use of technologies in post-secondary North American EAP programmes. This study surveyed EAP teachers and administrators in over 40 universities and colleges across North America using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Site visits involving classroom observations, interviews with teachers and administrators, student focus groups and student surveys were then conducted to deepen understanding of the affordances of technology-mediated EAP approaches from stakeholder perspectives in situated post-secondary contexts. Findings reveal widespread enthusiasm about emerging technologies to engage learners, develop autonomous learning, instructional pathways and transferable 21st century skills. However, despite this enthusiasm, many participating teachers, administrators and students also expressed critical views towards technology integration. Instructors noted time, lack of pedagogical guidance and vision, inadequate support, and training impacting their actual use and visions of technology use. Participants also revealed a ‘visioning’ dilemma where they had difficulty identifying the potential of emerging technologies that they had no concrete experience with. Findings suggest the need for sound theoretically informed techno-pedagogy in order to support technology integration in EAP. Implications for teacher education, further research and EAP teaching and curriculum design in today’s digital era conclude the article.
Verbing meahcci: Living Sámi lands
Authors: Joks Solveig , Østmo Liv , Law John
Published: April 2020

This article is about translating and mistranslating a Sámi landscape word. That word is meahcci. In what follows we start by exploring the logic of meahcci, contrast this with Norwegian land practices, with utmark – the term which is usually used to (mis)translate it into Norwegian – or such English-language terms as wilderness. We show that meahcci has nothing to do with agricultural logics, ideas of the wild, or cartographic spaces. Rather meahcit (in the plural) are practical places, uncertain but productive social relations with lively and morally sensible human and non-human beings in which there is no division between nature (Norwegian natur) and culture ( kultur). Meahcit are taskscapes (Ingold) or places–times–tasks. Then we consider the relatively verb- or action-oriented character of the (North) Sámi language, and show that Sámi land practices and the patterns of words weaving through these enact contextual, processual and radically relational versions of space, time, interaction, subjectivities, objectivities, and the beings that live in the world. We also touch on the material character of this difference – the location of words and forms of knowing. We conclude by reflecting on what Sámi meahcci practices suggest for a hegemonic English-language social science that is also struggling to articulate situated and radically relational ways of knowing.
Harraga: Burning borders, navigating colonialism
Authors: M’charek Amade
Published: April 2020

In this article I introduce the non-English word, harraga, to address the convoluted nature of migration, death, borders and colonial legacies. My empirical material comes from the south of Tunisia. I draw on practices of migration from Tunisia, the extraction of resources and its effect on the economy of the country, and the washing ashore of bodies on the southern Tunisian coast. I also reflect on the recent European border management in this area that is intended to stop migration from both Tunisia and Libya. Harraga (الحراقة) is an Arabic word used in Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. It could be translated as those who burn. A pragmatic or accommodating translation would be ‘sans papiers’, or ‘undocumented migrants’. However, harraga is not a word for a group of people, but for an activity. The activity of moving out of the Magreb. Those who engage in harga, ‘burn’ borders in order to enter European territories, or overstay their visa. Yet enfolded in the word harraga is much more than the activity of leaving for Europe. I will slowly unpack this word and show that (1) harraga is not about identity (the migrant/the refugee), but an activity, the activity of burning borders and of expanding living space; (2) harraga is not about burning bridges or leaving histories behind, but about crafting connections as well as colonial extractions; (3) harraga problematizes Europe’s borders by siding with those who burn them, human beings.
Reversible splenial lesion syndrome in children: clinical analysis and summary of a case series
Authors: Zhang Xinying , Chen Na , Guo Jiamin , Li Shuwei , Xu Jiaming , Zhu Weiwei , Ma Aihua
Published: April 2020

Objective

To describe clinicoradiological features and outcomes of reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) in children.

Methods

Data from 23 children (25 RESLES episodes; two patients had recurring episodes) was retrospectively reviewed at the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, China. Primary disease, central nervous system manifestations, treatments, outcomes, and laboratory examination, electroencephalogram, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results were assessed.

Results

Fourteen boys and nine girls (23 patients; 8 months to 11 years old) with 25 RESLES episodes (20 type-1, 5 type-2) were enrolled. Epileptic seizure and infection were the most common pathogenesis. Prominent clinical manifestations were disturbance of consciousness and visual disturbance. Cranial MRI of 20 RESLES type-1 episodes showed oval lesions in the splenium of corpus callosum (SCC), and five RESLES type-2 episodes showed lesions in the entire corpus callosum that were associated with the symmetric cerebral white matter. Lesions were hyperintense on diffusion-weighed images (DWI) and disappeared when later reviewed (range, 4–30 days).

Conclusions

RESLES etiology in children is complex, and its clinical manifestations are nonspecific. Diagnosis mainly depends on cranial MRI, especially DWI, showing highly intense lesions on SCC. RESLES has a good prognosis and excessive treatment should be avoided.
Conservative treatment of rectovesical fistula after leakage following laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer
Authors: Yan Shunli , Sun Huimin , Li Zhaohui , Liu Shuaifeng , Han Baowei
Published: April 2020

Rectovesical fistula (RVF) is a multifactorial complication that can be caused by different types of laparoscopic surgery, malignant tumor invasion, and chronic inflammation. However, RVF as a postoperative complication of laparoscopic radical rectal cancer is rare and serious. Here, we describe the case of a patient with RVF secondary to pelvic infection that was induced by anastomotic leakage. The patient was managed with conservative treatment, which included double-cavity cannula irrigation-drainage, indwelling balloon urethral catheter, treating the urinary tract infection, partial parenteral nutrition, and enteral nutrition. The patient was discharged after his symptoms had improved. In this case report, we provide a feasible scheme for patients with RVF that is induced by postoperative anastomotic fistula. Inflammatory, infectious, and thrombotic factors are presumable factors that are involved in RVF pathogenesis. These findings provide new directions for the study of RVF induced by anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery. Conservative treatment may be an option in patients who want to avoid an ostomy.
When Is Moving a Cursor With a Computer Mouse Intuitive?
Authors: Brenner Eli , de Graaf Myriam L. , Stam Marielle J. , Schonwetter Margreet , Smeets Jeroen B. J. , van Beers Robert J.
Published: April 2020

People have a good intuition of how to move a computer mouse to place a cursor at a desired position on a screen. This is surprising because the hand and the mouse are at different locations and they generally move in different directions and over different distances. But using a computer mouse is not always intuitive: try positioning a cursor after turning the mouse by 90° in your hand. To examine when using a computer mouse is intuitive, we asked participants to move a cursor to targets on a screen by moving a mouse along a surface. We varied the orientation of this surface in space and that of the mouse in the hand. Participants performed best when the mapping between hand and cursor motion was close to what we are accustomed to, either in space or relative to the forearm.
Secular Stagnation and Income Distribution Dynamics
Authors: Kiefer David , Mendieta-Muñoz Ivan , Rada Codrina , von Arnim Rudiger
Published: April 2020

This paper contributes to the literature on secular stagnation by estimating a measure of potential output growth for the post-war US economy derived from a novel model specification that allows for the cyclical interactions between income distribution, represented by the trajectory of the labor share of income, and economic activity, as measured by capacity utilization. The results obtained show that potential output growth exhibits a gradual decline that predates the Great Recession and follows the downward trajectory of the labor share of income, thus suggesting the existence of an important long-run relationship between income distribution and output growth in the United States.
Lukács: The antinomies of bourgeois philosophy and the absolute
Authors: López Daniel Andrés
Published: April 2020

I reconstruct Lukács’s immanent critique of German Idealism, found within his essay ‘Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat’ (in History and Class Consciousness), in order to foreground his philosophical reflection on the concepts of mediation, logic, genesis and praxis. I situate this reflection within his philosophy of praxis as a whole before highlighting the dialectical development of these terms within it. They are posited initially as abstract, methodological demands and are subsequently concretised and enriched, via Lukács’s critical evaluation of the antinomies he discovers in Kant, Fichte, Schelling and Hegel. My reconstruction is both exegetical and critical. I demonstrate that Lukács’s concept of praxis (as the culmination of mediation, logic and genesis) is explicitly intended to both bear the weight of Hegel’s Absolute and overcome it. On this basis, I propose a novel immanent critique of Lukács’s philosophy of praxis, suggesting that while Lukács wishes his concept of praxis to express a living, present and ontologically novel truth, his insight is won – in the fashion of Hegelian philosophy – after the historical event upon which it is built, as a philosophical reflection. Lukács’s self-contradiction is that while he regards his philosophy of praxis as having overcome speculative, Hegelian philosophy, in fact, the position he generates remains firmly but unconsciously within it. Consequently, Lukács’s philosophy of praxis possesses a theological dimension and must be regarded as an example of the kind of ‘conceptual mythology’ he sought to overcome.
Seventy Years and Counting: The Canadian Association of Radiologists’ Journal
Authors: Lentle Brian , Hammond D. Ian , Houston Stuart
Published: April 2020

Canadian radiology has its roots embedded in Montréal and this is no less true of the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal, now celebrating its 70th Anniversary with the appointment of a new editor. A journal, Les Rayons-X—a monthly illustrated review published in Montréal and edited by Dr Henri Lasnier– preceded it by 40 years. Les Rayons-X was to last only 7 issues. However, Dr Lasnier clearly recognized the importance of a journal to what was then an emerging specialty. By 1950, the Canadian Association of Radiologists became the first specialty society in Canada to publish a scientific journal. We reflect on some facets of the evolution of the journal from a cottage industry to its adoption by a major publishing house and through the hands of 14 editors. In that time, radiology itself has undergone remarkable changes in its technological infrastructure leading to profound changes in the capacity of radiological practitioners and scientists to diagnose and treat disease. These changes themselves impose some constraints on a general radiology journal. The Association has at times faced substantial challenges that led to questions about its ability to sustain a journal in the face of competing priorities. Those challenges will likely recur in the future, not least in the face of other better-resourced journals. As the Canadian Association of Radiologists has evolved into a distinctive voice in Canadian medicine, we argue that a strong case can be made for preserving a platform for Canadian radiology featuring Canadian observations and perspectives, both scientific and “political.”
The Double-Burden Effect: Does the Combination of Informal Care and Work Cause Adverse Health Outcomes Among Females in China?
Authors: Chen Lu , Fan Hongli , Chu Lanlan
Published: April 2020

Objective: This study investigates the impact of informal care and work stress on women’s health and further disentangles this effect through intensity and channel analysis. Method: This research uses the 2000–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey and employs the propensity score matching model with fixed effects. Results: The care and work burden significantly increases the probability of women suffering from chronic diseases, being underweight or overweight, and self-reporting poor health by 0.63%, 1.69%, and 2.35%, respectively. This double-burden effect is exacerbated as the care and work hours increase. Women who care for more than 20 hr and work for more than 50 hr per week experience the most serious health decline. We further find that the double burden leads to health deterioration through channels of reduced exercise and increased psychological stress. Discussion: This study provides a reliable decision-making basis for policy makers to formulate strategies for informal caregivers in China.
Effect of acetylacetone metal salts on curing mechanism and thermal stability of polybenzoxazine
Authors: Yan Hongqiang , Hu Jianan , Wang Huaqing , Zhan Zuomin , Cheng Jie , Fang Zhengping
Published: April 2020

To overcome high water absorption of inorganic metal salts and their poor compatibility with resin, acetylacetone metal salts (M(acac) n) were selected as the catalysts of benzoxazine resin. Their effects on the catalytic activity, structure, and thermal stability of polybenzoxazine had been estimated by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analyzer. The results revealed that M(acac) n of iron (Fe3+), cobalt (Co3+ and Co2+), and copper (Cu2+) exhibited high catalytic activity and reduced evidently activation energy, especially acetylacetone iron salt. The addition of M(acac) n was beneficial to the formation of Ph–N–Ph structure, which was easy to form a denser carbon layer during thermal degradation, prevented heat transfer and further decomposition of the resin, and finally led to the increase of carbon residue at high temperature.
Fast convolution sparse filtering and its application on gearbox fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Zongzhen , Li Shunming , An Zenghui , Xin Yu
Published: April 2020

Transmission, as a critical part of vehicles, is the hub of power transmission and the core of controlling speed change. Condition monitoring and diagnosis of transmissions have become an effective tool to ensure vehicle safety travelling. The intelligent fault diagnosis strategy using artificial intelligent methods has been studied and applied for gearbox fault diagnosis. However, most algorithms cannot guarantee both accuracy and training efficiency. In this paper, fast convolutional sparse filtering based on convolutional activation and feature normalization is proposed for gearbox fault diagnosis without any time-consuming preprocessing. In fast convolutional sparse filtering, the features of samples are optimized instead of local features, which could obviously reduce the dimension and construction time of the Hessian matrix. In addition, the output features are equally active to guarantee that all features have similar contributions. The l2-norm of the training features is recorded and used for pseudo-normalization of the test features. The proposed fast convolutional sparse filtering is validated by a bearing fault dataset and a planetary gear fault dataset. Verification results confirm that fast convolutional sparse filtering is a promising tool for fault diagnosis, which has obviously improved the diagnosis accuracy, training efficiency, and robustness and provides the greater advantage of handling large-scale datasets.
Moral distress: A concept clarification
Authors: Deschenes Sadie , Gagnon Michelle , Park Tanya , Kunyk Diane
Published: April 2020

Background

Over the past few decades, moral distress has been examined in the nursing literature. It is thought to occur when an individual has made a moral decision but is unable to act on it, often attributable to constraints, internal or external. Varying definitions can be found throughout the healthcare literature. This lack of cohesion has led to complications for study of the phenomenon, along with its effects to nursing practice, education and targeted policy development.

Objectives

The aim of this analysis was to uncover unique definitions of moral distress as found in the nursing literature and to examine the relationship between these definitions.

Research Design and Context

Morse’s method of concept clarification was applied given the large body of literature which includes definitions, descriptions and measurements of the concept in research. The steps include (a) conducting a literature review; (b) analysing the literature; and (c) identifying, describing, comparing, and contrasting attributes, antecedents and consequences of each category.

Findings

Each of the 18 included studies described constraints in their definition of moral distress, whether implied or explicitly stated. External constraints are widely described as obstacles outside of the individual, whether institutional, systemic or situational, while internal constraints are located within the individuals themselves and are described as personal limitations, failings or weakness of will.

Conclusion

Upon reviewing these definitions, we determined that the term ‘internal constraints’ is problematic due to the emphasis of responsibility on the individual experiencing moral distress. We propose an alteration to ‘internal characteristics’ that will assume less responsibility of change from the individual to place a heavier onus on systemic and institutional constraints.