bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Masjid Agung Kotagede: Kajian Awal Terhadap Inskripsi Yang Ada
Authors: Chawari Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Kotagede merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kotamadya Yogyakarta, yang terletak di sebelah tenggara kota. Dahulu Kotagede merupakan ibukota pertama kerajaan Mataram Islam. Tempat inii merupakan daerah yang diberikan oleh Sultan Pajang (Hadiwijaya) kepada Ki Ageng Pemanahan sebagai hadiah (Brandes, 1894:415) atas kemenangannya terhadap Aria Penangsang dari Jipang. Oleh karena itu dapat dikatakan bahwa kerajaan Mataram ini dirintis oleh Ki Ageng Pemanahan, kemudian secara resmi didirikan oleh Panembahan Senopati yang menempati istananya di Kotagede. Daerah ini menjadi pusat pemerintahan pada masa Panembahan Senopati dan sebagian masa Sultan Agung. Pada masa Sultan Agung kraton dipindahkan ke Kerto (Ibid).
Tinjauan Kembali Sejarah Sulawesi Selatan (Abad IX - XIV M) Berdasarkan Beberapa Sumber Tertulis
Authors: Hakim Budianto
Published: January 2021

Perjalanan waktu lima betas abad dalam cakupan sejarah kuna merupakan jangka waktu yang cukup panjang. Dalam usaha mengungkap sejarah itu terlihat adanya kekosongan seperti uraian waktu, gambaran keadaan dari tiap-tiap bagian, maupun segi daerah yang dibicarakan. Keadaan seperti ini terjadi akibat tidak meratanya penelitian sejarah dan arkeologi di Nusantara. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan umumnya difokuskan pada sejarah daerah-daerah yang banyak meninggalkan bukti-bukti budaya khususnya berkenaan dengan peninggalan kebudayaan Hindu seperti di daerah Jawa. Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Bali. Sedangkan penelitian sejarah kuna untuk daerah-daerah lain hingga kini masih sangat kurang seperti halnya Sulawesi Selatan.
Babad Bakalan Sebuah Data Baru Bagi Sejarah Indonesia Kuno
Authors: Masyhudi Nfn.
Published: January 2021

Cerita tentang orang-orang suci umumnya terdapat di berbagai naskah historiografis atau merupakan sejarah lokal. Namun demikian naskah tersebut masih dipertanyakan kebenarannya. Babad Bakalan adalah sebuah naskah yang secara keseluruhan mengungkap hal-hal yang bersifat historiografis atau sejarah lokal, dan naskah tersebut bisa diandalkan. Dalam kesempatan ini akan disajikan tulisan berdasarkan sebuah data baru yang diperoleh dalam penelitian tentang Pemukiman dan Jalur Transportasi Mataram Islam di Kabupaten Wonogiri.
Bhatara Banuwka (Sebutan Anumerta Raja Udayana)
Authors: Wardha I Wayan
Published: January 2021

Dalam perjalanan sejarah Bali kuna yang berlangsung hampir tujuh abad telah terjadi duapuluh satu kali pergantian tampuk pimpinan dalam pemerintahan. Semua raja-raja tersebut tidak semuanya dapat diketahui tempat persemayamannya. Beberapa prasasti, memberi petunjuk bahwa setelah wafat seorang raja dibuatkan candi sebagai, tempat persemayamannya yang disebut bedharman. Misalnya, raja Ugrasena setelah wafat di-dharma-kan di Air Madatu; raja Gunapriyadharmapatni di-dharma-kan di Burwan, raja Udayana di-dharma-kan di Banuwka, Marakata di Camara Anakwungsu di Jalu, dan Jayapangus di-dharma-kan di Dharmahanyar.
Neptu Dalam Prasasti Jawa Bali (Makna Psiko-Religius)
Authors: Lelono Hari
Published: January 2021

Manusia sebagai bagian dari alam memiliki kebudayaan yang dianut dan diyakini, baik secara sadar maupun tidak disadari. Salah satu unsur kebudayaan yang tampak adalah budaya materi berupa karya tulis dengan syair-syair yang indah, karya tersebut berupa prasasti.
Religi pada Masa Kerajaan Sunda Kawali (Telaah Atas Prasasti Pendek di Situs Astana Gede, Kawali)
Authors: Saptono Nanang
Published: January 2021

Tulisan ini berisi kajian tentang Situs Astana Gede yang terletak di Dusun lndrayasa Desa Kawali, Kec Kawali , Kab. Ciamis, Jawa Barat. Situs ini dikenal sebagai salah satu bekas ibukota Kerajaan Sunda. Di situs ini terdapat beberapa data arkeologis antara lain berupa prasasti berhuruf dan berbahasa Sunda Kuna. Data arkeologis yang menarik minat banyak ahli adalah beberapa prasasti dan beberapa bangunan yang bercirikan budaya megalitik. Keberadaan prasasti berupa batu berdiri dikaitkan dengan religi asli yakni tradisi megalitik. Tradisi megalitik hidup bersama dengan perkembangan agama Hindu dan Buddha di Kerajaan Sunda.
Sosok Dewa Indra Menurut Beberapa Karya Sastra Jawa Kuna
Authors: Riyanto Sugeng
Published: January 2021

Karya sastra merupakan salah satu data tekstual yang dianggap penting. Selain mengandung keterangan sejarah, didalamnya juga terdapat keterangan tokoh raja, pemerintahan, perikehidupan dalam lingkungan istana, dan kehidupan rakyat. Hal yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah adanya keterangan tentang ikonografi baik dewa maupun dewi, terutama dalam lingkungan agama Hindu. Hal ini berarti bahwa dengan perlakuan tertentu terhadap karya sastra, aspek-aspek kehidupan masyarakat Jawa Kuna dapat diketahui dan dipahami. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, tulisan singkat ini dimaksudkan untuk menggambarkan sosok Dewa Indra yang didasarkan pada kajian terhadap beberapa karya sastra Jawa Kuna. Selama ini Dewa Indra dikenal sebagai salah satu dan dewa-dewa loka pala seperti yang dipahatkan pada Candi Civa, Prambanan. Dengan kajian yang lebih luas diharapkan dapat terungkap gambaran dari sisi lain Dewa Indra yang pada gilirannya juga dapat diketahui kecenderungan para pujangga dalam menampilkan figur Dewa Indra.
Kalang, Tinjauan Historis-Antropologis
Authors: Sulistyanto Bambang
Published: January 2021

Prasasti Jawa Kuna memuat banyak sekali istilah Kalang yang pengertiannya seringkali dihubungkan dengan profesi di bidang perkayuan atau tukang kayu. Pengertian tersebut ditarik dari suatu realitas terhadap keberadaan "wong Kalang" di masa kemudian yaitu sekelompok orang yang hidup di tepi hutan di beberapa tempat di Jawa sebagai penebang kayu. Artikel ini akan mencoba membahas pengertian kalang, melalui kajian historis-antropologis. lni berarti kalang tidak hanya dilihat dari segi pengertiannya, melainkan justru gambaran historis peranan orang kalang sebagai kelompok manusia yang hidup dari zaman ke zaman. Tentu saja permasalahan itu semua tidak dapat dibahas secara terperinci, tetapi beberapa segi penting akan dikemukakan.
Perbedaan Pendapat di Sekitar Kedatangan Agama Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Montana Suwedi
Published: January 2021

Kedatangan agama Islam di Indonesia telah banyak diperdebatkan dan sering diseminarkan. Pengertian kedatangan di sini ialah penyebaran awal agama Islam di Indonesia. Penyebaran tersebut dapat bersitat perorangan ataupun kelompok. Di Medan dan Aceh hampir dalam dua dekade diseminarkan masalah tersebut tiga kali berturut-turut pada tahun 1963 dan 1978, dan seminar ketiga diadakan di Perlak pada tahun 1981. Sementara itu para pakar lain baik seorang orientalis dan akhir abad XIX dan awal abad XX maupun para pakar sejarah dan agama Islam di Indonesia dan peneliti bebas lainnya secara perorangan mengadakan penelitian tentang masuk dan kedatangan agama Islam di Indonesia. Mereka dengan bebas menyatakan hasil penelitiannya itu. Oleh karenanya dalam tulisan ini akan dilihat sampai seberapa jauh keterkaitan pendapat dan pandangan tersebut dengan membuktikannya dalam argumentasi yang meyakinkan.
Perkawinan Eksogami dan Dampaknya dalam Sejarah Bali Kuna (Sebuah Studi Kasus)
Authors: Jaya I Made
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini membahas perkawinan eksogami dalam studi kasus perkawinan Gunapriyadharmapatni dengan Dharma Udayana Warmadewa dikatakan perkawinan eksogami karena Gunapriyadharmapatni yang nama kecilnya Mahendradata berasal dari klen/dinasti lsana (Jawa Timur), sedangkan Dharma Udayana Warmadewa berasal dari klen/dinasti Warmadewa di Bali. Sejarah kuna menyatakan bahwa perkawinan Gunapriyadharmapatni dengan Dharma Udayana Warmadewa menghasilkan tiga (3) orang putera yaitu Erlangga, Marakata, dan Anak Wungsu. Ketiga putera raja inilah yang memegang tampuk pemerintahan selanjutnya di Bali (ahli waris). Sumber data yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah prasasti-prasasti yang terbit sekitar abad X-IX M, serta beberapa naskah-naskah kuna seperti Negarakertagama, Pararaton, dan Calon Arang.
Masalah Perpajakan dalam Beberapa Prasasti Bali Kuno
Authors: Sunarya I Nyoman
Published: January 2021

Prasasti sebagai tinggalan manusia masa lampau merupakan salah satu data yang dipakai sebagai bahan analisa dalam rangka rekonstruksi kehidupan manusia pendukungnya. Prasasti-prasasti Bali sejak zaman tertua sampai dengan prasasti yang terbit belakangan, menyebutkan beberapa istilah yang berkaitan dengan perpajakan. Berdasarkan data yang tercatat dalam beberapa prasasti Bali kuno, masyarakat Bali kuno pernah mengalami masalah perpajakan. Tampilnya raja sebagai penengah dalam mengantisipasi permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat membuktikan bahwa mereka benar-benar memperhatikan ketentraman dan kesejahteraan rakyatnya.
Tipe Huruf Prasasti Masjid Girilaya
Authors: Albiladiyah Samrotul Ilmi
Published: January 2021

Girilaya, salah satu dari ke-16 pedukuhan di Kelurahan Wukirsari, Kecamatan Imogiri. Di bukit Girilaya terdapat masjid makam kuna. Pembangunan makam di bukit Girilaya atas prakarsa Sultan Agung. Di bawah makam, terdapat sebuah masjid kuna. Di masjid, tepatnya di dekat mimbar terdapat prasasti pendek yang ditulis di atas potongan batu putih berukuran 40 x 41 cm, tergeletak di antara mimbar dan tembok dinding. Prasasti masjid Girilaya yang ditulis dalam huruf maupun bahasa Jawa Baru, mempunyai variasi tipe huruf tersendiri tetapi masih menunjukkan kekunaan pada beberapa hurufnya. Berdasarkan prasasti yang ada, Masjid Girilaya ini dibangun tidak sejaman dengan makam Girilaya, melainkan dibangun semasa Sultan Hamengku Buwono I.
Bata Bertulis Kaitannya dengan Bangunan Candi 1 Bumiayu
Authors: Purwanti Retno
Published: January 2021

Dari sejumlah prasasti-prasasti yang pernah ditemukan di Indonesia, beberapa di antaranya ditemukan di Palembang dan sekitarnya. Prasasti-prasasti tersebut biasanya dikaitkan dengan keberadaan kerajaan Sriwijaya. Peninggalan arkeologis berupa sisa-sisa bangunan candi ditemukan di Desa Bumiayu, Kecamatan Perwakilan Tanah Abang, Kabupaten Muara Enim, Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Identifikasi pertanggalan Candi 1 dapat diketahui pula dari temuan prasasti dan bata-bata bertuliskan huruf Jawa kuno. Pada tahun 1991 ditemukan sebuah lempengan emas dari dalam sebuah buli-buli di sekitar lokasi Candi 1. Selain itu, pada tahun 1993 ditemukan sebuah fragmen prasasti yang digoreskan pada bata, terdiri dari tiga baris. Berdasarkan paleografinya sumber-sumber tertulis itu berasal dari abad 10-12 M.
Bangkai Perahu Situs Ujung Plancu, Jambi
Authors: Koestoro Lucas Partanda , Setyorini Rusmeijani , Arni LD Charunia
Published: January 2021

Dalam rescue excavation situs Ujung Plancu bulan Agustus 1994 lalu berhasil diangkat sisa bangkai perahu kuna. Hanya dua yang tersisa dari enam keping papan yang masih tampak di tahun 1984. Sesuai dengan tujuan kegiatan, tinggalan tersebut sekarang berada dalam bak pengkonservasian laboratorium Kantor SPSP Jambi di Jambi. Hal yang akan disampaikan dalam tulisan ini, berkenaan dengan penempatan tinggalan tersebut dalam sejarah teknik pembangunan perahu nusantara. Berikut akan diuraikan mengenai hal tersebut.
Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap Benda Cagar Budaya Sangiran: Studi Kasus Di Desa Krikilan
Authors: Soelistyanto Bambang
Published: January 2021

Situs Sangiran dalam dunia ilmu pengetahuan khususnya dalam masalah evolusi manusia purba penting, hal tersebut tidak diragukan lagi. Temuan demi temuan mulai dari rahang bawah (mandibula) kanan hasil temuan Von Koenigsvald pada tahun 1934 hingga tengkorak pithecantrophus temuan Sugimin pada tanggal 8 Oktober 1993, menampilkan bukti, bahwa kubah Sangiran merupakan situs hominid terkeryiuka di dunia. Sayang sekali sebagian besar temuan fosil manusia di situs ini, justru bukan berasal dari hasil penelitian para peneliti. Melainkan temuan dari penduduk setempat yang praktis aktivitasnya jauh mempunyai peluang yang lebih banyak dibanding dengan suatu penelitian formal.
Transformasi Fungsi Alat Batu Semu Situs Gunungwingko
Authors: Nitihaminoto Goenadi
Published: January 2021

Alat batu Situs Gunungwingko terdiri atas dua macam yaitu alat batu semu dan alat batu murni. Kedua jenis alat itu ditemukan dengan konteks temuan lain yaitu berupa rangka manusia. Dalam hubungannya dengan konteks temuan itu, maka fungsi kedua jenis alat batu tersebut diperkirakan sebagai fungsi pelengkap upacara atau sebagai benda upacara yang sebelumnya pernah berfungsi sebagai alat praktis. Sebagai alat praktis, alat batu semu Gunungwingko ditandai oleh beberapa bekas pemakaian seperti digunakan sebagai alat pemukul, alat pelandas, dan sebagai alat penggosok. Sementara itu, alat batu murni terdiri atas bentuk calon beliung persegi, yang secara praktis belum digunakan.
Situs-Situs Watu Kandang Di Lembah Sungai Samin, Kabupaten Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Kasnowihardjo Gunadi
Published: January 2021

Situs watu kandang yang dimaksud dalam makalah ini adalah satu bidang tanah yang mengandung tinggalan purbakala berupa susunan batu utuh berdenah empat persegi panjang, serta diyakini oleh masyarakat setempat sebagai kuburan budo. Di daerah penelitian, watu kandang ditemukan tersebar sekitar aliran Kali Samin, dan secara berturut-turut dari bagian hulu ke hilir di Dusun Pakem, Karangrejo, Ngasinan, Kedungsari, Bodagan, Gondang, Selestri, Sabrang, dan Plosorejo. Ke-sembilan situs tersebut terletak di tiga lokasi yang berbeda ketinggiannya.
Situs Gilimanuk (Bali) Sebagai Pilihan Lokasi Penguburan Pada Awal Masehi
Authors: Aziz Fadhila Arifin
Published: January 2021

Pengamatan terhadap konteks kubur, pada umumnya merupakan rangka manusia yang berasosiasi dengan bekal kubur berupa periuk tera jala. Di samping itu, himpunan temuan benda bekal kubur lainnya dalam konteks kubur adalah manik-manik (kaca, kerang, batuan), periuk, cawan, mangkuk, pedupaan, kendi, mata tajak, mata parang, penutup mata dan mulut,anting-anting, gelang (kaca, terakota, perunggu, kerang), lempengan pentagonal, dan sisa hewan (ayam, anjing, dan babi). Keseluruhan benda bekalkubur di atas ditemukan baik pada usia kanak-kanak, dewasa maupun pada jenis kelamin pria dan wanita.
Kajian Sosio-Ekologis Mengenai Pusat Kerajaan Demak
Authors: Hendro Eko Punto
Published: January 2021

Walaupun ada tiga Sultan yang pernah memerintah Kasultanan Demak yang pengaruhnya sampai ke luar Jawa, namun sampai kini kondisi pusat kerajaan belum diketahui dengan pasti. Diperkirakan lokasi kraton atau pusat kerajaan ini berada di pusat kota Demak sekarang, karena di kota ini dijumpai Masjid Agung Demak merupakan peninggalan kerajaan yang terletak di pusat kerajaan. Sedikitnya data/ peninggalan arkeologi berkenaan dengan kerajaan ini menyebabkan tidak diketahuinya kondisi pusat kerajaan. Namun adanya beberapa toponim yang masih tersisa serta kondisi lingkungan geografis, kiranya merupakan data-data yang dapat digunakan untuk mencoba mengkaji secara sosioekologis mengenai pusat kerajaan Demak, tentunya dengan melihat proses-proses perubahannya.
Situs-Situs Keagamaan Di Palembang: Suatu Tinjauan Kawasan
Authors: Purwanti Retno , Taim Eka Asih Putrina
Published: January 2021

Nama Palembang mulai muncul dalam khasanah kepurbakalaan Indonesia berawal dari penemuan prasasti-prasasti berbahasa Melayu Kuna dan beraksara Pallawa. Periodisasi prasasti- prasasti tersebut ± abad ke-7 M. Sejak itu, perhatian terhadap kekunoan di daerah ini mulai diberikan oleh para ahli yang berkepentingan dengan bidang sejarah kuno Indonesia. Shnitger, Westenenk, Coedes adalah contoh-contoh peminat yang mempunyai atensi cukup besar terhadap peninggalan-peninggalan di daerah ini.
Alokasi Situs-Situs Arkeologi Di Kawasan DAS Way Sekampung
Authors: Triwurjani Rr.
Published: January 2021

Bila diurut dari hulu hingga hilir, sungai Sekampung memanjang dari Lampung Selatan hingga Lampung Tengah. Bebarapa tinggalan arkeologis yang terdapat didaerah hulu antara lain: Kompleks Megalitik Batu Bedil. Batu Gajah, dan juga Benteng Tanah. Sedangkan di bagian tengah terdapat situs Bukit Wungkal (Silitonga), Kampung Tua, Bentang Pejambon, situs Megalitik Sidomukti. Sedangkan di daerah hilir terdapat kompleks Megalitik Pogung Raharjo, Benteng Sari, Benteng Perigi, Benteng Gedik, Benteng Cicilik, makam kuno dari masa Islam, Prasasti Bungkuk dari batu dan temuan-temuan lepas lainnya seperti keramik asing (Cina) dan keramik lokal, alat batu dan artefak lainnya.
Menjejaki Situs Kerajaan Kuna Di Kalimantan (Observasi Lapangan Di Empat Provinsi)
Authors: Montana Suwedi
Published: January 2021

Selalu timbul pertanyaan dalam hati apakah tempat, pelabuhan, kerajaan yang sekarang tinggal namanya saja seperti Sampit, Sedu, Katingan, dan Kapuhas itu adalah bekas kerajaan-kerajaan kuna yang pada abad 14 sudah lama berdiri dan menjadi kerajaan yang memberikan upeti kepada Kerajaan Majapahit. Selalu pula terbayang abad 14 tempat-tempat itu menjadi pusat pemerintahan, pusat perekonomian, pusat budaya sebuah negara/kerajaan yang mempunyai kebebasan mengelola pemerintahannya, mempunyai kebebasan mengadakan hubungan dengan negara lain yang jauh letaknya. Bayangan itu menjadi lebih kuat lagi setelah menyimak berita-berita tentang eksistensi kerajaan-kerajaan itu dalam sumber tertulis. Sumber tertulis Eropa abad 16 masih menyebutkan kerajaan-kerajaan tersebut.
Alat Musik Perkusi Di Asia Tenggara (Sebuah Kajian Arkeomusikologi)
Authors: Ferdinandus Peter
Published: January 2021

Penelitian mengenai musik dalam arkeologi selama ini masih dirasa kurang diminati, karena sifatnya yang abstrak. Peninggalan musik sering menjadi pertanyaan apakah data berupa visual seperti relief dapat berbunyi? Sebagai akibatnya data aspek musik kurang diperhatikan. Misalnya dengan ditemukan nakara perunggu berbentuk genderang di Asia Tenggara pada permulaan abad ke-19 M. Perhatian para sarjana Eropa pada masa itu hanya pada bentuk, dekorasi dan fungsi.
Biomorphological and useful agronomic traits of the hexaploid winter triticale cultivar ‘Bilinda’ approved for cultivation in the Northwestern Region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Bekish L. P. , Uspenskaja V. A. , Peneva T. I. , Chikida N. N.
Published: January 2021

A priority of agricultural production for the Northwest of Russia is to develop and introduce winter-hardy and productive cultivars of small grain forage crops, such as winter triticale, capable of producing high yields of grain and green biomass.

‘Bilinda’, a new promising tetraploid winter triticale cultivar grown for grain forage, was studied from 2004 through 2019 at Leningrad Research Institute for Agriculture “Belogorka”. The data of the State Variety Trials (2017–2019) were also taken into account. Conventional techniques were used in the experiments, phenological observations, field and laboratory evaluation tests, and statistical data processing. Electrophoresis of gliadin in the grain of cv. ‘Bilinda’ and its registration as a “protein formula” were performed using the technique developed and approbated by the Molecular Biology Dept. of VIR. The hexaploid winter triticale cultivar ‘Kornet’ (k-3636) served as the reference. Cv. ‘Bilinda’ was developed using individual and mass selection of genotypes with recessive control of the ear’s morphological characters, which resulted in producing a homogeneous population with high yield potential and large plump grains. On average across the testing period, cv. ‘Bilinda’ significantly exceeded the reference ‘Kornet’ in grain yield (+1.04 t/ha), number of grains per ear (+32.3 pcs), and 1000 grain weight (+7.7 g), and in addition demonstrated higher winter hardiness than the reference (up to 98%). Under epiphytotic incidence of Septoria leaf blotch, the tested cultivar manifested a high level of resistance (scoring 7–9 points). ‘Bilinda’ is among high-yielding cultivars resistant to most leaf diseases. In 2020, this cultivar was approved for cultivation in the Northwestern Region (2) of Russia. Applying the method of variety identification based on the electrophoretic spectra of gliadin, a storage protein in grain, a protein “passport” was produced to ensure monitoring of the cultivar’s integrity and authenticity.
Identification of “bottlenecks” in the systems of adaptability in peach cultivars to specific abiotic factors limiting plant growth and development and affecting individual phases of ontogenesis to develop optimal algorithms for further breeding
Authors: Dragavtseva I. A. , Dragavtsev V. A. , Kuznetsova A. P. , Klyukina A. V.
Published: January 2021

Modern breeding, especially when fruit plants cultivated for decades at the same location are concerned, requires a new strategy to develop cultivars resistant to abiotic limfactors of the environment. A more in-depth analysis of genotype–environment interaction phenomena is needed, as modern studies have shown that the level of plant productivity and yields is determined not by specific “genes of quantitative traits”, but mainly by the emergent (newly occurring when a lim-factor of the environment changes at the ontogenetic and phytocenotic levels) effects of the genotype–environment interaction (GEI). New knowledge is needed about the values of contributions to the productivity of a cultivar made by each of the genetic–physiological systems of plant adaptability (GPS-ad) when exposed to a particular lim-factor of the environment at a particular phase of ontogenesis. For the first time, aiming at finding promising peach genotypes for further breeding, we studied their adaptability to low temperatures in different horticulture zones of Krasnodar Territory.

Shifts in the effects of low-temperature environmental stressors in the developmental phases of cultivars (produced by climate change) were analyzed in the time interval of 1985–2018.

The presence of hereditary adaptive reserves for increasing peach productivity for each phase of development in the process of studying the phenomena of GEI was disclosed. Recommendations are given to breeders on phase-to-phase breeding of future cultivars: how to protect their production process at each developmental phase from negative effects of low temperatures.
Development of the adaptive spring bread wheat cultivar ‘Omskaya Yubileynaya’ under the conditions of the Siberian region
Authors: Popolzukhina N. A. , Popolzukhin P. V. , Gaidar A. A. , Parshutkin Yu. Yu. , Yakunina N. A.
Published: January 2021

Background. As reported by the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, spring bread wheat planting acreage in 2019 reached 48% (28 million ha) of the total crop area in Russia. About 20% (5.4 million ha) of spring wheat was cultivated in the Siberian region. This is the reason why the region plays an important role in wheat cultivation, and the development of highly efficient cultivars adapted to Siberian environments is one of the prioritized tasks in the efforts to obtain sustainable spring bread wheat harvests.

Materials and methods. Mutants and mutant × cultivar hybrids were used as parent material for top crossing. A decision was taken to apply multifold individual selection in accordance with the composition of agronomic traits in the mutant × cultivar hybrid population Lutescens 3 × [F5 B1 (Mutant 777 × G7251/03) × G7251/03] × Rosinka 3 (Mutant 112 × Irtyshanka 10) with backcrossing. In 2001–2016, expe rimental work was conducted at Omsk Agrarian Scientific Centre. Environmental testing was carried out at the Stepnoy Experiment Station (the steppe zone of Omsk Province) and the A.I. Barayev Research and Production Centre for Grain Farming (Northern Kazakhstan). The experiments and observations were performed in accordance with the techniques recommended by the State Commission for Crop Variety Trials.

Results. The research showed that cv. ‘Omskaya Yubileynaya’ was characterized by resistance to lodging and to major plant diseases. It exceeded the reference in grain yield both in fallow (+0,50 t/ha) and nonfallow lands (+0,58 t/ha). The distinguishing feature of this cultivar was its large grain of high quality.

Conclusions. During the development of cv. ‘Omskaya Yubileynaya’, the data were obtained that justified its prospective cultivation within the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Siberia and Kazakhstan. The cultivar has been registered in the national lists of breeding achievements since 2019.
The role of Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. in the origin, evolution and improvement of stone fruit cultivars
Authors: Eremin G. V.
Published: January 2021

At Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station of VIR, as a result of collecting, studying, and selective use of myrobalan plum genetic diversity, the intraspecific taxonomy of the species Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. was clarified. Donors of traits significant for breeding were identified and, with their use, adaptable cultivars of myrobalan plum, Russian plum and clonal rootstocks of stone fruit plants were developed.

Intraspecific classification of P. cerasifera is proposed, with the identified subspecies:

subsp. cerasifera (typical myrobalan plum);

subsp. orientalis (M. Pop.) Erem. et Garcov. (Oriental myrobalan plum);

and subsp. macrocarpa Erem. et Garcov. (large-fruited myrobalan plum).

Within subsp. P. cerasifera subsp. macrocarpa, varieties were identified:

var. macrocarpa (typical, or Krymsk);

var. georgica Erem. et Garcov. (Georgian);

var. iranica (Koval.) Erem. et Garcov. (Iranian);

var. nairica (Koval.) Erem. et Garcov. (Armenian);

var. pissardii Carr. (Pissard);

and var. taurica (Kost.) Erem. et Garcov. (Taurida).

The participation of myrobalan plum in the origin of spp. P. brigantiaca Vill., P. cocomilia Tem., and P. spinosa L. was traced. Involvement of large-fruited myrobalan plum in hybridization with blackthorn contributed to the manifestation of an exceptional polymorphism among the varieties of the hybridogenic species P. domestica L. (P. cerasifera × P. spinosa). As a result of hybridization between myrobalan plum and Chinese plum varieties, a new cultigen species emerged – Russian plum (× P. rossica Erem.). By now, 127 cultivars of this species and 7 clonal rootstocks for stone fruit crops have been developed. These cultivars and clonal rootstocks are zoned for Russia and a number of other countries.
Adaptive potential of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties of Azerbaijan
Authors: Rustamov Kh. N. , Akparov Z. I. , Abbasov M. A.
Published: January 2021

Background. Studies into the adaptability of the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and their wild relatives to various environments are induced by global climate change. Introduction of adaptive wheat cultivars resistant to environmental stressors is the basis for stable harvests. This article presents the results of a research into the adaptive value of indigenous durum wheat varieties and improved cultivars released in different years in Azerbaijan.

Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out in the foothills of Mountainous Shirvan under unsecured non-irrigation at Gobustan Experiment Station of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry. In 2012–2014, contrasting in weather conditions, levels and structure of yield were analyzed. VIR’s guidelines were used to study 42 durum wheat varie ties, including 10 landraces. The years of study differed sharply in rainfall. Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient was used to assess the conditions of growing seasons.

Results. Mostly modern cultivars of the semi-intensive type were distinguished for a set of agrobiological traits. Adaptability coefficients (0.81–1.23) showed that the response of the studied varieties to unfavorable conditions was highly expressed. Indigenous landraces ‘Ag bughda’ and ‘Bozak’, old breeding varieties ‘Arandani’, ‘Ag bughda 13’, ‘Kahraba’ and ‘Mirbashir 50’, and new cultivars ‘Karagilchig 2’ and ‘Barakatli 95’ had the highest adaptability coefficients. The first of them demonstrated stable yield, and the latter two were also resistant to stressors.

Conclusion. Durum wheat yields under the conditions of moderately continental climate in Mountainous Shirvan depended on the number and weight of grains per ear. The varieties identified for the best adaptability are recommended to be included in crosses to develop new plastic cultivars of durum wheat.
Source material for breeding winter bread wheat in the north of the Middle Volga region
Authors: Fadeeva I. D. , Gazizov I. N. , Khakimov A. G. , Mitrofanova O. P.
Published: January 2021

Background. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), due to significant progress in breeding, has high potential of biological productivity, but its implementation is quite low. To change the situation for the better, it is necessary to increase the resistance of developed cultivars to unfavorable abiotic and biotic factors in the regions of its cultivation. To solve this problem, source material is required. The purpose of this research was to evaluate a set of winter wheat accessions from the VIR collection, and first of all, the newly introduced accessions, and the accessions from the working collection of Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences for variability of agronomic traits and stability under the conditions of the north of the Middle Volga region, and to identify sources promising for inclusion in the crossing programs.

Materials and methods. A three-year field study of 166 winter bread wheat accessions was carried out. All accessions were assessed for their overwintering and plant and ear productivity traits using the methods developed by VIR and the State Variety Trials. The best accessions, or sources, were selected by comparing them with the reference cv. ‘Kazan 560’, taking into account the quantitative values of such indicators as “general adaptability” (ОАСi ), variance of “specific adaptability” (σ2САСi ) and “relative stability” (Sgi) for each accession according to A. V. Kilchevsky and L. V. Khotyleva.

Results and conclusion. Descriptions of winter bread wheat accessions are presented in the context of their agronomic traits. Groups and subgroups of accessions with different trait variability levels were identified. Some accessions with stable levels of trait manifestation exceeded the reference in ear productivity. All of them are promising for wheat breeding programs. It is shown that the group of accessions “weakly changing” over the years of study differs from the group of “moderately/strongly changing” accessions in values of correlations between traits and the number of significant correlations.
Developing donors of ultra-early maturity in barley
Authors: Zveinek I. A. , Kovaleva O. N.
Published: January 2021

Background. The length of the growing season is a limiting factor in many regions with unstable climatic conditions. The development of ultra-early barley donors makes it possible to accelerate the breeding process aimed at producing commercial cultivars adapted to cultivation area requirements.

Materials and methods. The donors Kibel, Kibel uluchshenny, Kibtsel and Kibkor were obtained through individual selection of barley forms combining earliness and productivity from the hybrid combination Belogorsky × k-15881. The experiments were carried out according to the approved guidelines. Yield components were used to calculate the index of productivity for the donors versus the reference cv. ‘Belogorsky’.

Results and conclusions. Earliness is controlled in the donors by three recessive genes. The donors’ period from emergence to heading was 7–9 days shorter than that of the reference cv. ‘Belogorsky’, with a low norm of reaction, which attested to their high adaptability. The resulting barley forms were highly resistant to lodging. The donor Kibel uluchshenny in all spike yield components did not differ from the reference. The other donors were close to the reference in spike length and 1000 seed weight. The example of Kibel uluchshenny was used to demonstrate the possibility of producing barley forms combining high earliness and good productivity. The developed donors may prove useful in the breeding for earliness in the areas where the length of the growing season is a limiting factor.
A study on healthy eating children's music lessons and school performance
Authors:   Music Education Department, Kastamonu University, Faculty of Education, Kastamonu, Turkey, Kabataş Mustafa
Published: January 2021

Healthy nutrition is the main factor affecting the adaptation process of children to school regardless of their education level. Nutrition becomes more important in performance-based lessons such as music lessons. Studies conducted to improve education emphasize the importance of a healthy diet for students to improve school performance. Given that the human environment affects the health of individuals and communities in terms of their performance, discussions on nutrition and health constitute debates involving various aspects of the political, social, economic and cultural developments of societies. It is the health status of individuals that has long-term effects on the well-being of society members and the well-being of the society as a whole. Societies that guarantee good health and nutrition for their citizens can boast of higher outcomes, including high performance in school. The importance of good nutrition increases even more in performance lessons such as music lessons. This healthy eating in Kastamonu province in Turkey's perspective, we did a study on music lessons and school performance. It was held in four different regional schools in Kastamonu province. The selection of these schools assumes that the distribution of schools in the city differs socioeconomically. While interviews were held with 18 teachers in 4 schools in each neighborhood, 42 students were interviewed in the last year for each school. The school categories evaluated were: private, mission schools, and state-owned schools. Two types of research tools were applied to the universe of the study as follows: interviews for both teachers and parents through questionnaires and interview guides were applied to primary school students. In addition, we made some observations in different schools that allow us to see the different health and nutrition opportunities available in these schools. Therefore, data collection for this study is both quantitative and qualitative using the tools mentioned above. The aim of the research is to determine how healthy students are eating in schools; to develop ideas for a healthier diet for students and to present them to managers. Research is important in that it benefits field experts and similar studies. According to the results of the research, both school success and music lesson success increase with a healthy diet. This reveals the importance of healthy nutrition, especially in school children in their developmental age.
Relationship between muscle thickness and spinal column alignment in the standing and sitting positions
Authors:   Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara-shi, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan, Ito Akihiro , Endo Yoshiaki ,   Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara-shi, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
Published: January 2021

The trunk muscles play a role in posture maintenance, but whether they are related to spinal alignment in different postures has only been investigated in young adults and not in the elderly who show age-related changes in the spine. This study aimed to determine the relationship between changes in spinal alignment and muscle thickness in three postures in healthy elderly subjects. Spinal mouse measurements of Spinal alignment and ultrasound measurements of the trunk muscles were performed in the standing, upright and slump sitting positions on healthy elderly individuals living in the community. Results showed significant differences in the sacral tilt, lumbar curvature, and overall tilt angles in the slump sitting position for spinal alignment, and significant differences were noted in muscle thickness between standing and upright sitting, standing and slump sitting, and standing and slump sitting, and upright and slump sitting for the spinal proprioceptive muscle (second lumbar level). In conclusion, there was no correlation between the two changes. It was suggested that the spine be viewed as a whole and not in parts, with muscle thickness changes. Keywords: Spine, postural difference, posture holding muscle.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Materi Pemahaman Ide Pokok Dalam Teks Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Auditory, Intellectually and Repetition (AIR)
Authors: Riyayani Lusy
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the application of the Auditory, Intellectually and Repetition (AIR) Learning Model has a positive impact on the learning achievement of Grade III-C students of SDN Wonokusumo VII/46 Surabaya. The research was carried out through a two-cycle mechanism using electronic learning media. Meanwhile, the students' learning achievement in Class III-C on the subject of understanding the main ideas in the text is the object of research that needs to be improved in this action research. Based on data analysis, from this study it can be concluded that there is an increase in learning achievement in the subject matter of Understanding the Main Ideas in Text and positive changes in student learning styles in the material of Understanding the Main Ideas in Text through the application of the Auditory, Intellectually and Repetition (AIR) Learning Model at SDN Wonokusumo VII/46 Surabaya with good category.
Aspects and Influence of Social Media Marketing in Today’s World: A Review of Scholarly Articles
Authors: Dr. Sourabh Bhattacharya  , Prof. Arpita Majumdar
Published: January 2021

Social media has carried out a lot of value additions for different stakeholders in today’s world. However, comprehensive literature reviews on different aspects of social media marketing are quite a few. Also, researchers working in this burgeoning area are eager to know the opinion of past researchers. For this article, a systematic literature review of scholarly articles, related to social media marketing, had been done to collect, examine and analyze previous studies related to social media marketing. Overall, the paper has tried to present a holistic viewpoint of experts on social media marketing.
Estimating Population Mean in Sample Surveys
Authors: Dr. Vyas Dubey  , Dr. Minal Uprety  , Ujjwal Dubey
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with a generalized estimator of population mean which includes several estimators as its particular cases. Under certain conditions, the proposed estimator is more efficient than existing estimators. Results are supported by numerical illustration.
Complexity Neural Networks for Estimating Flood Process in Internet-of-Things Empowered Smart City
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Othman Abo Mhara
Published: January 2021

With the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based water conservation computerization, hydrological data is increasingly enriched. Considering the ability of deep learning on complex features extraction, we proposed a flood process forecasting model based on Convolution Neural Network(CNN) with two-dimension(2D) convolutional operation. At first, we imported the spatial-temporal rainfall features of the Xixian basin. Subsequently, extensive experiments were carried out to determine the optimal hyper parameters of the proposed CNN flood forecasting model.
EDUCAÇÃO E O ACESSO DOS NEGROS AOS CARGOS PÚBLICOS
Authors: Cardoso do Socorro Eduardo , Lima de Queiroz Rejane
Published: January 2021

A educação é o melhor caminho civilizatório de uma sociedade. Os países que estão na ponta do desenvolvimento tecnológico, econômico ou intelectual, conseguiu isso por meio dessa ferramenta essencial, não só ao crescimento econômico desses países, mas sobretudo, pela possibilidade de elevação de um povo de uma condição servil para uma condição de liberdade. Foi por meio dela que tais países reduziram seus níveis de desigualdades, superou a pobreza, e distribuiu renda de forma equitativa. Diante deste panorama, no caso do Brasil, é necessário entendermos a situação da população afrodescendente em matéria de acesso a esse bem tão essencial. E ao mesmo tempo, tão hierarquizado quando se trata do discursão dos níveis de qualidade e de acesso dessa educação aos negros e brancos, e seus efeitos no emprego, cargos de prestígio e destaque social no serviço público.
Foucault's geography: Spatial turn and genealogy of a wedding in Sarajevo
Authors: Mutabdzija Goran
Published: January 2021

This
work analyzes Foucault's contribution to the development of geographic thinking
through emphasis on its interpretation of space and elements of its
epistemology. To understand this, it will start from two directions, from the
geographer's interest in Foucault's geography, as well as his reference works
for this discipline. These disciplinary issues are best marked by his notions
of geoepistemology and spatial turn in social and humanities, which are
important because two issues we will address in this work. First, it refers to
more precise definitions of the boundaries of modern, for which there is a
consensus among geographers and is related to the establishment of scientific
geography (Humboldt and Ritter), but the end of this epoch is interpreted
differently. Some geographers link this to: identifying three key principles
for the construction of postmodernism, which are: style, epoch and method
(Dear, 1988); an increased attack on history in modern thought (Soja, 1989); infuriatingly
difficult to define (Cloke et
al., 1991) or with the emergence of neoliberalism (Peet, 1998). Another issue
concerns the possibility of applying post-structural methods to deconstruct
major cultural and geographical changes in the Western Balkans at the end of
the 20th century. This will be achieved through indications of genealogical
analysis in the interpretation of contemporary historical-geographical and
political-geographical issues in the example of Sarajevo (1992-1995).
ADAPTIVITY ISSUES IN INTELLIGENT E-LEARNING TUTORING SYSTEMS
Authors:   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems SB RAS, Volyanskaya Tatyana Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2021

This paper considers the problems of adaptivity realization in intelligent e-learning tutoring systems, based on adaptive hypermedia technologies and individual learning styles models.
IDENTIFICATION OF ARGUMENTATIVE RELATIONS IN POPULAR SCIENCE TEXTS
Authors:   Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Salomatina Natalia Vasilievna , Kononenko Irina Semenovna ,   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems SB RAS, Sidorova Elena Anatolvna ,   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems SB RAS, Pimenov Ivan Sergeevich ,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: January 2021

The presented work describes the analysis of argumentative statements included into the same text topic fragment as a recognition feature in terms of its efficiency. This study is performed with the purpose of using this feature in automatic recognition of argumentative structures presented in the popular science texts written in Russian. The topic model of a text is constructed based on superphrasal units (text fragments united by one topic) that are identified by detecting clusters of words and word-combinations with the use of scan statistics. Potential relations, extracted from topic models, are verified through the use of texts with manually annotated argumentation structures. The comparison between potential (based on topic models) and manually constructed relations is performed automatically. Macro-average scores of precision and recall are equal to 48.6% and 76.2% correspondingly.
ON SOME PROPERTIES OF TIMED FINITE STATE MACHINES
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vinarskii Evgeniy Maximovich , Zakharov Vladimir Anatolyevoch ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: January 2021

Sequential reactive systems are formal models of programs that interact with the environment by receiving inputs and producing corresponding outputs. Such formal models are widely used in software engineering, computational linguistics, telecommunication, etc. In real life, the behavior of a reactive system depends not only on the flow of input data, but also on the time the input data arrive and the delays that occur when generating responses. To capture these aspects, a timed finite state machine (TFSM) is used as a formal model of a real-time sequential reactive system. However, in most of known previous works, this model was considered in simplified semantics: the responses in the output stream, regardless of their timestamps, follow in the same order in which the corresponding inputs are delivered to the machine. This simplification makes the model easier to analyze and manipulate, but it misses many important aspects of real-time computation. In this paper we study a refined semantics of TFSMs and show how to represent it by means of Labelled Transition Systems. This opens up a possibility to apply traditional formal methods for verifying more subtle properties of real-time reactive behavior which were previously ignored.
USING AN EXTENSIONS OF CTL* FOR SPECIFICATION AND VERIFICATION OF SEQUENTIAL REACTIVE SYSTEMS
Authors:   National Resarch University Higher School of Economics, Gnatenko Anton Romanovich , Zakharov Vladimir Anatolyevoch ,   National Resarch University Higher School of Economics
Published: January 2021

Sequential reactive systems such as controllers, device drivers, computer interpreters operate with two data streams and transform input streams of data (control signals, instructions) into output streams of control signals (instructions, data). Finite state transducers are widely used as an adequate formal model for information processing systems of this kind. Since runs of transducers develop over time, temporal logics, obviously, could be used as both simple and expressive formalism for specifying the behavior of sequential reactive systems. However, the conventional applied temporal logics (LTL, CTL) do not suit this purpose well, since their formulae are interpreted over omega-languages, whereas the behavior of transducers are represented by binary relations on infinite sequences, i.e. omega-transductions. To provide temporal logic with the ability to take into account this general feature of the behavior of reactive systems, we introduced new extensions of this logic. Two distinguished features characterize these extension: 1) temporal operators are parameterized by sets of streams (languages) admissible for input, and 2) sets (languages) of expected output streams are used as basic predicates. In the previous series of works we studied the expressive power and the model checking problem for Reg-LTL and Reg-CTL which are such extensions of LTL and CTL where the languages mentioned above are regular ones. We discovered that such an extension of temporal logics increases their expressive capability though retains the decidability of the model checking problem. Our next step in the systematic study of expressive and algorithmic properties of new extensions temporal logics is the analysis of the model checking problem for finite state transducers against Reg-CTL* formulae. In this paper we develop a model checking algorithm for Reg-CTL* and show that this problem is in ExpSpace.
Context of the existence of Chinese national music: ethnomusicological and anthropological analysis
Authors: Chenyu Wang
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the anthropology of Chinese national music. The history of the development of musical art and musical culture in China, role and place of musical anthropology in Chinese scientific thought is revealed. The research is based on ethnomusicological and anthropological approaches. The analysis of the practice of conducting ethnomusicological research in China, as well as the history of the development of ethnomusicology, as a separate scientific direction, is performed.