bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestão das águas pelo Conselho Estadual de Recursos Hídricos de Minas Gerais – CERH-MG: Análise, classificação e panorama dos atos administrativos nos últimos 20 anos
Authors: Marcondes Felipe Silva , Moreira Simone Magela
Published: September 2021

Com o objetivo de avaliar as políticas de gestão das águas no Estado de Minas Gerais pelo Conselho Estadual de Recursos Hídricos (CERH-MG), este estudo situa-se no âmbito da avaliação das instituições participativas sob a ótica estritamente decisória (outputs). Difere, portanto, da análise de causa e efeito entre a publicação de um ato administrativo e o monitoramento ou execução da Política Hídrica (outcomes). Realizado a partir do levantamento censitário das decisões publicadas entre os anos de 1999 e 2019, os atos foram classificados quanto aos instrumentos de gestão a que se referem (1) e quanto às competências atribuídas ao CERH-MG (2). Utilizou-se da técnica de análise documental, em que as categorias são conhecidas a priori, para a classificação dos atos em conjuntos homogêneos e bem delimitados. O estudo elencou 487 atos válidos, sendo 425 atos do tipo aprovativos, os quais são meramente decisórios, e 62 do tipo normativos, cujo objetivo é estabelecer diretrizes e políticas de recursos hídricos. Os atos foram analisados conjuntamente, sendo possível verificar o grau de normatização da implementação da gestão hídrica no estado. Os resultados demonstram uma participação efetiva do CERH-MG na promoção da gestão hídrica. No entanto, verificou-se limitações em sua atuação, principalmente quanto ao enquadramento dos corpos d’água, as penalidades, a compensação financeira a municípios e o rateio de custos das obras de uso múltiplo. Depreende-se do estudo que além da necessidade de uma atuação proativa do CERH-MG, faz-se necessário um desempenho efetivo dos comitês de bacias hidrográficas.
PERSPECTIVAS DE RISCO E BENÉFICIOS DE UMA COMUNIDADE RURAL SOBRE O PROJETO DE INTEGRAÇÃO DE BACIAS DO RIO SÃO FRANSCISCO
Authors: Moura Nery Gleydson Kleyton , Nery Janiele França , Azevêdo Evaldo De Lira
Published: September 2021

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as percepções de risco e benefício de uma comunidade rural sobre o projeto de integração das bacias hidrográficas do São Francisco na Paraíba. Para isto, testamos a hipótese de que as percepções são influenciadas pelas atividades ocupacionais e gênero dos participantes. As comunidades rurais do entorno do reservatório de Poções (Monteiro - PB), o qual é o receptor das águas do projeto de integração do rio São Francisco no estado, foram visitadas entre agosto e outubro de 2015. Os moradores foram questionados sobre as possibilidades de riscos e benefícios do projeto para resolver o problema de água na região. As respostas foram agrupadas em categorias e foram calculados os índices de incidência de risco, de benefício e beneficência. A percepção de risco dos moradores teve baixa incidência, embora o gênero tenha influenciado a percepção de risco da comunidade, sendo os problemas sociais e ambientais, melhor percebidos pelas mulheres enquanto a maioria dos homens não conseguiu identificar riscos associados ao projeto. A disponibilidade de água é o benefício mais incidente, seguido das possibilidades de atividades ocupacionais. Para o índice de beneficência, a atividade ocupacional influenciou as percepções. Pescadores e aposentados foram associados à variável atividade ocupacional, enquanto domésticas e agricultores foram associados principalmente às variáveis disponibilidade e qualidade da água. Não há diferenças significativas relacionadas à questão de gênero para benefícios, embora a maioria das mulheres tenha apontado benefícios relacionados à disponibilidade de água.
Pamięć narodowa a relacje międzynarodowe Polski
Authors: Gardocka Teresa , Jagiełło Dariusz
Published: September 2021

Opracowanie poświęcone jest zagadnieniu pojęcia i ochrony pamięci narodowej w polskim prawie. Rozważana jest w nim organizacja ochrony pamięci historycznej w zakresie instytucjonalnym, poczynając od Głównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce i jej ewolucję, a na Instytucie Pamięci Narodowej — Komisji Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu kończąc. Przedstawiane są tu zadania przypisane tym instytucjom. Autorzy zastanawiają się nad pojęciem „oficjalnej wersji historii”, które w obszarze innych pamięci narodowych ma wersje konkurencyjne, i nad tym, jak istnienie i prawna ochrona tych wersji narodowych może wpływać na relacje z innymi państwami chroniącymi owe konkurencyjne wersje.
Wreszcie w pracy omawiane są kwestie prawnokarnej ochrony pamięci narodowej — samego jej sensu i właściwych instrumentów w postaci tworzenia typów przestępstw penalizujących zachowania skierowane przeciwko kształtowanej przez państwo pamięci (oficjalnej wersji historii). Przedmiotem analizy jest polskie prawo karne i kolejne próby wprowadzania do kodeksu karnego takich typów przestępstw.
Zdaniem autorów prawo karne nie jest dobrym instrumentem ochrony pamięci narodowej z dwóch zasadniczych względów. Po pierwsze, niezależnie od sformułowania konkretnego przepisu karnego i jego interpretacji wpływa on na ograniczenie wolności badań historycznych. Po drugie, wprowadzenie tego rodzaju przestępstwa wpływa na relacje z tymi państwami, które chronią inne, konkurencyjne wersje oficjalnej historii.
Status kombatanta z tytułu uczestnictwa w Istriebitielnych Batalionach (rozważania historycznoprawne i dogmatycznoprawne)
Authors: Masternak-Kubiak Małgorzata , Przygodzki Jacek
Published: September 2021

Artykuł został poświęcony ukazaniu genezy powstania i działalności tak zwanych Istriebitielnych Batalionów (IB) — batalionów niszczycielskich funkcjonujących na terenach Wołynia i Galicji Wschodniej — formacji militarnych, które jako służba pomocnicza Armii Czerwonej, często dowodzona przez oficerów totalitarnej formacji NKWD, walczyły z oddziałami Organizacji Ukraińskich Nacjonalistów (OUN), frakcja Bandery oraz Ukraińskiej Powstańczej Armii.
Główny ideolog OUN Dymytro Doncow był zafascynowany ideologią faszystowską rozwijającą się w Europie, dlatego też — idąc za swoim ideologiem oraz wraz ze swoim rozwojem — OUN i jej największa grupa: frakcja Bandery (OUN-B) przybrały charakter faszystowski. Również kierownik referatu wojskowego OUN Mychajło Kołodzinśkyj, po opuszczeniu więzienia w II Rzeczypospolitej, został wysłany przez OUN do faszystowskich Włoch, gdzie Benito Mussolini wyraził zgodę na utworzenie obozów szkoleniowych dla nacjonalistów ukraińskich, jak również dla chorwackich ustaszy. Tam tworząc ukraińską doktrynę wojenną, zapowiadał krwawą rozprawę z Polakami, Żydami i Rosjanami. Te zapowiedzi spełniły się w czasie II wojny światowej, a tragiczne wydarzenia na Wołyniu i Galicji Wschodniej opisane w niniejszym artykule ewidentnie wyczerpują znamiona lemkinowskiej definicji genocydu, która znalazła się w Konwencji o zapobieganiu i karaniu zbrodni ludobójstwa przyjętej przez Zgromadzenie Ogólne ONZ 9 grudnia 1948 roku.
W tekście nie zostanie poruszona kwestia działalności Istriebitielnych Batalionów na terenie Litwy i Białorusi, gdyż ich działalność była zgoła odmienna. Nie broniły one tam zazwyczaj ludności polskiej, a zwrócone były głównie przeciwko podziemiu niepodległościowemu, wspomagając totalitarną NKWD.
Druga część opracowania to dogmatycznoprawna analiza orzecznictwa sądów polskich w sprawie przyznawania osobom służącym w opisywanej formacji statusu kombatantów. Zgodnie z obowiązującym prawem uczestniczenie obywateli polskich w Istriebitielnych Batalionach na dawnych ziemiach polskich w województwach lwowskim, stanisławowskim, tarnopolskim i wołyńskim w latach 1944–1945 w obronie ludności polskiej przed ukraińskimi nacjonalistami stanowi działalność kombatancką. Jednak po 1989 roku nie było to takie oczywiste. Kierownik Urzędu do spraw Kombatantów stał konsekwentnie na stanowisku, że uprawnienia kombatanckie nie przysługują z mocy art. 21 ust. 2 pkt 3 ustawy o kombatantach osobie, która służyła w totalitarnych formacjach NKWD albo w innych organach represji ZSRR, działających przeciwko narodowi i państwu polskiemu. W orzecznictwie Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego istniała też duża rozbieżność w kwestii stosowania przepisów ustawy o kombatantach w odniesieniu do uczestnictwa w walkach w ramach Istriebitielnych Batalionów. Dlatego też, ze względu na złożoność problemu, wydaje się jak najbardziej zasadne prześledzenie tej procedury z punktu widzenia historycznego i jurydycznego.
Impact of Air Pollution on Daily Asthma Symptoms
Authors: Farinha Sofia , Kong Cardoso Bárbara , Martins Marta , Campos Leonor , Tomaz Elza
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The impact of air pollution on respiratory diseases, particularly in asthma, has been the subject of several studies. The impact of pollution on the daily symptoms of patients with asthma has been less studied. The aim of this study is to assess the association between the intensity of asthma symptoms and the variation of pollution levels.Material and Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of asthma were instructed to record the intensity of their respiratory symptoms daily, expressed on a scale from 0 to 5, in the months of March and April 2018. The website of the Portuguese Environment Agency was consulted in order to obtain the daily levels of pollutants measured by the two local monitoring stations during the same period of time. Data was analyzed using a temporal causal model to study the association between pollutant levels – particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide – and the intensity of respiratory symptoms.Results: From the 135 schedules delivered, 35 were correctly filled out and returned. The patient median age was 47.0 years, 18 being females. The best statistical model obtained identified ozone as the most relevant ‘Granger cause’ of asthma symptoms. Particulate matter, carbon monoxide and nitrogen also appeared as lower impact factors. The quality of the model was expressed by an R2 of 0.92. The correlation between ozone values and asthma symptoms was more significant after five days. For the other identified factors there was a lag of four to five days.Conclusion: In the place and period studied the air pollutants behaved as factors of variation in the intensity of asthma symptoms. The ozone level was the best predictive factor of symptom variation. Levels of particulate matter, carbon monoxide and nitrogen were identified as secondary markers. The time lag between the variables with the best correlation suggests there could be a delayed effect of pollutants on respiratory symptoms.
SUBSTANTIATION OF PARAMETERS OF THE 3D CDP FIELD OBSERVATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Sysoev A. P.
Published: September 2021

The substantiation of parameters of the 3D observation system is considered from the perspective of the Kirchhoff migration. At the first step of this transformation, on the basis of diffraction transformation on a gather of CSP, the problem of wavelet extraction reflected from specified points of the medium (image points) is solved. The characteristic of the directivity of this transformation is determined by parameters of the arrangement of devices. At the second step, summation is performed by gathers of the common image point (СIP). The distribution density of the observation system sources determines the stacking fold by CIP. In the process of selecting survey parameters, the comparative analysis of equivalent observation systems with the same data properties for the migration task, but with different parameters of the observation system, is of great important. The relationship between the step of common midpoints of the observation system and the step of traces of resulting images of the medium is discussed. The Gaussian beam migration algorithm is considered as a method for solving the problem of constructing an image of the medium that correctly takes into account the irregularity of the initial data.
ABOUT WATER SHOOTING: HISTORY, EXPERIENCE OF APPLICATION, FEASIBILITIES AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF RESEARCH OF THE SIBERIAN PLATFORM
Authors:   Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources, Mosyagin E. V. , Efimov A. S. ,   Novosibirsk branch of All-Russian Research Geological Oil Institute
Published: September 2021

Since the beginning of the 2000s, water shooting has been carried out on the territory of the Siberian Platform o a number of profiles, including long routes along the Nizhnyaya Tunguska [Lower Tunguska] River, Lena River (in the upper and lower courses), Vitim River, as well as more local works, including experimental and methodological ones – at the Angara, Chuna, and Biryusa Rivers. The high geological efficiency of these routes, combined with an almost twofold reduction in the cost of one linear km of seismic profile, сomparatively common ground-based operations of the CDP method, allows researchers to recommend the expansion of such operations on the rivers of the northern Tunguska syneclise, the area with very low exploration degree of prospects of oil and gas. It is situated in the region where a quarter of all the hydrocarbon resources of the Siberian Platform are on the balance sheet.
The Freezing Process of Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) with the Air Blast Freezing (ABF) Method at PT. Inti Luhur Fuja Abadi, Pasuruan, East Java
Authors: Scriptura Gabriel Zola , Masithah Endang Dewi
Published: September 2021

Fish is a protein source that is very potential and needed by humans. One of the fish that has a high enough nutrient content is Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus). Snapper fish contains 92 kilocalories of energy, 20 grams of protein, 0 grams of carbohydrates, 0.7 grams of fat, 20 milligrams of calcium, 200 milligrams of phosphorus, and 1 milligram of iron. The high water content is one potential that must be considered because it is a good medium for microbial growth. Therefore efforts are needed to maintain the nutritional content, freshness, taste, and extend the shelf life through preservation, one of which is by freezing. The Air Blast Freezing method is one of the freezing methods that uses a combination of low temperatures which are temperatures of -35℃ to -40℃ by blowing cold air  quickly towards the product. This method has the advantage of one of which is relatively easy operation. The purpose of this field work practice is to know the process of freezing Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) with the Air Blast Freezing (ABF) method and the obstacles in the production of Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) using the Air Blast Freezing (ABF) method. The stages of the production process of Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) are the reception of raw materials, washing I, sorting, washing II, weighing, washing III, preparation, freezing with the Air Blast Freezing (ABF) method, glazing, packaging, storaging, stuffing. The freezing process with the Air Blast Freezing (ABF) method uses a temperature of -35℃ to -40℃ for 6-8 hours so that the plant can produce as much as 3 tons in one day. Obstacles to the freezing process at PT ILUFA are raw materials that contain parasites. Factors that influence the freezing process include raw materials during the reception and monitoring process during the freezing process in the ABF engine.
Technique of Increasing Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Feed in Kasetsart University, Bangkok
Authors: Nurfaidah Elva , Agustono Agustono
Published: September 2021

White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture has grown rapidly in Indonesia since  early 2000s. White shrimp have stronger resistance to WSSDV attacks, and are euryhaline. In it’s natural habitat, this shrimp was found in waters with a range of 0.5-40 ppt salinity. White shrimp grow optimally at 15-25 ppt salinity, even still suitable at 5 ppt salinity. This capability provides the opportunities to culture these commodities in inland water. White shrimp need inorganic elements or minerals for their living processes. Calcium is one of the main needs of shrimp that is closely related to the development and maintenance of skeletal systems and plays a role in some physiological processes of the body.The requirement for calcium in shrimp is increasing when it is cultivated in fresh water.This Internship aims to find out the technique of adding calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in feed, used for the white shrimp culture in fresh water. In this field practice, the addition of calcium carbonate in a level of 2% refers to the requirement of white shrimp for optimal growth. This was based on the calcium requirements of shrimp in the amount of 1-2%. The method was repelleting, by grinding feed and calcium using mortar and pestle, then filtered to get the smoothest part. Then mix calcium with 10 mL of water and mix it with pellets evenly. Then the mixture is air dried and mashed again and weighed according to the required dose of feed. The addition of calcium in the feed affects the growth of shrimp, because calcium is one of the most important anorganic mineral for the growth and development of exoskeleton, regulates blood clotting, heart rate, kidneys, nerves, the activity of several enzymes, and cell function
Social Challenges of the Digital Economy: Russia in a Global Context
Authors: Sadovaya E.
Published: September 2021

The subject of the research is the challenges of the digital economy for the employment sector in Russia. The need to reduce costs in the face of a deteriorating situation in the global economy is a factor in accelerating the digital transformation of employment in the country. The transformation is carried out through the automation of the main business processes, as well as through the development of platform employment formats. Specific features of the process of digital transformation of employment form the shape of the development of the Russian labor market in the post- Soviet period. Its main factor was the country’s entry into the global system of division of labor, which led to the formation of the modern structure of employment. The economy of Russia, recognized as raw material, turned out to be “commercial” in terms of employment, since it was this industry that created the bulk of jobs during that period. The commerce sector, which had high growth potential in the early 1990s in Russia, provided jobs for all those labor resources that were released from the industry. However, at the moment this source has been exhausted. Digitalization threatens the most labor-intensive sectors of the Russian economy. Commerce turns out to be the first industry to undergo automation and digitalization of jobs. At the same time, the most massive professions (accountants, bank employees, HR specialists, salesmen, cashiers, couriers, security guards, secretaries, packers, call center workers, drivers) are under the threat of “disappearance”, while new ones in demand by the market are more likely “unique” and they are mostly associated with robotization, digitalization and biotechnology. The unmet demand for these professions is a reflection of the complexities of training highly qualified interdisciplinary specialists and not a physical shortage of labor resources, and this is a serious challenge for the vocational education system. The study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the processes taking place in the social and labor sphere in Russia, to create a conceptual basis for the development of a socio-economic policy of the state that adequately responds to the challenges of the digitalization of the economy. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the project “Post-crisis world order: challenges and technologies, competition and cooperation” supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).
German Economy: Angela Merkel’s Heritage
Authors: Zaritskii B.
Published: September 2021

The article analyses the main stages of development of the German economy during the 16-year reign of Chancellor Angela Merkel (2005–2021). During this period, Germany was reasonably successful in dealing with the impacts of the world financial and economic crisis it faced in 2008–2009. The 10 subsequent years witnessed economic growth, however, today the country is once again trying to find a way out of a crisis this time caused by the COVID 19 pandemic. In 2020, the GDP fell by almost 5%, while the industrial production declined by 10.4%. The return to the growth trajectory is being linked to improving the epidemiological situation and increasing foreign orders, primarily from China and the United States. The German economy is expected to reach pre-crisis levels in late 2022. Projections for further development assume that, due to a number of internal constraints and external risks, the GDP growth will not exceed 1% in 2023–2025. Angela Merkel is not leaving the country in the best of shapes. It is not her fault. Germany’s economy has more than once demonstrated its resilience to external shocks. Even today, Germany’s position looks preferable to that of most European countries. Its main advantage is a diversified and competitive industry, but the sentiments in the German business community vary greatly. Much depends on the sector and region. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), especially in the service sector, have been particularly hard hit. Many of them have run out of reserves, and their capacity to pay now depends largely on the financial support of the State. How long can the government “pump up” the economy with budget money without fear of a surge in inflation? Nor will the European Central Bank (ECB) indefinitely maintain interest rates at historically low levels. For many SMEs, the increase in the cost of credit, combined with the inevitable reduction in government support, will be a blow that not all will be able to withstand. People are tired of everything related to the pandemic and the years of familiar politicians. Everyone is waiting for the end of the epidemic and for new faces in politics. Whether the new politicians will be better than the old ones is a big question. Under all circumstances, in Germany’s recent history, Angela Merkel will remain a major political figure whose scale is yet to be truly appreciated.
Russia and Germany: Back to the Future?
Authors: Pavlov N.
Published: September 2021

In terms of geopolitics, Russia and Germany are the two dominant powers on the Eurasian continent. For three centuries, they have been having a “special relationship”. Over the past 50 years, their cooperation has had a positive impact on promoting the detente of international relations globally, in matters of disarmament, in the cause of German unification, and in the inclusion of Russia in the global financial and economic structures after the collapse of the USSR. However, in recent years, the mechanism of constructive interaction has clearly deteriorated due to differences in understanding of the world order prospects, the role and place of the two countries in the post-bipolar system of international coordinates. The parliamentary elections in Germany and Russia will not affect the foreign policy course of Berlin and Moscow, and the Russian leadership will not have to choose with whom to deal. It is important to understand that Beijing has taken Moscow’s place in foreign policy priorities, and cooperation between Russia and Germany is reduced to “peaceful coexistence”. This is for a long time. It is also necessary to take into account that Russian-German relations are most significantly affected by Germany’s integration into Euro-Atlantic structures, and, therefore, strict bilateralism in the Berlin–Moscow link is excluded. In matters of war and peace, ensuring stability and security, resolving international conflicts, as well as respecting democratic rights and freedoms, the Federal Republic of Germany will always act in the Russian direction according to the Euro-Atlantic scale of values and with an eye to its allies and partners. Of course, the dialogue at the highest level will not stop, but it will be burdened with mutual accusations and will stall at every convenient and inconvenient occasion, because both states live in different dimensions and think in different planes. One lives according to geopolitical concepts of the 19th 20th centuries, the other operates in geo-economic categories of the 21st century. Warming, easing or partial lifting of sanctions will be possible only if the Minsk process progresses, that is, de-escalating the situation in the Donbass and relieving the Kremlin’s pressure on the Russian opposition. No breakthroughs are expected on the trade and economic front either. All this suggests that we are going back to the past, to the era of systemic confrontation, which will be our reality for the foreseeable future.
“Green” Finance in BRICS Countries
Authors: Khudyakova L. , Urumov T.
Published: September 2021

The article reviews the “green” financing policy in the BRICS countries. The analysis revealed that all of them have integrated “green” finance in their national strategies. Central banks and other financial regulators, ministries of ecology and finance, and especially development financial institutions (DFI) of these countries take an active part in establishing legislative framework for “green” finance and creating “green” infrastructure, though with different level of success. Analysis of the regulatory documents and statistical data proves the leading position of China. Thanks to its strict and, at the same time, stimulating regulation and supervision China has achieved the impressive results in increasing the volume of “green” loans as well as “green” bonds. China national “green” taxonomy (1st edition in 2015) has evaluated significantly during the last years, moving closer to the international standards. Other countries also make strong efforts in “greening” their financial systems. Brazil and India “green” bonds cumulative issues, estimated by the authors, reached in 2020 about 10 billion dollars each. The largest part of these resources is directed to renewable energy projects, and in case of Brazil also to lower deforestation. In recent years Russia did a lot to establish the legislative framework and to adopt the national taxonomy for “green” financing. But, as it is argued in the article, implementation lags behind policies and regulation. At the same time, the regulation itself still needs to be improved. According to available data on cumulative issues of “green” bonds, Russia takes the 4th place after China, Brazil and India. To make more progress the country needs to continue unified efforts of all participants of the Russian “green” finance market, including civil society. At the last BRICS summit all countries confirmed the promotion of the consolidated position on the “green” and responsible financing, with sharing best practice and developing mutually beneficial cooperation that can be helpful for all members to achieve national environmental objectives. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the project “Post-crisis world order: challenges and technologies, competition and cooperation” supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).
A review of the techniques for mitigating the effects of smoke taint in wine production
Authors: Mirabelli-Montan Ysadora A. , Marangon Matteo , Graça Antonio , Mayr Marangon Christine M. , Wilkinson Kerry L.
Published: September 2021

Smoke taint has become a prominent issue for the global wine industry as climate change continues to impact the length and extremity of fire seasons around the world. When grapevines are exposed to smoke, their leaves and fruit can adsorb volatile smoke compounds (for example, volatile phenols such as guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, o-, m- and p-cresol, and syringol), which can initially be detected in free (aglycone) forms but are rapidly converted to glycoconjugate forms due to glycosylation. During the fermentation process, these glycoconjugates can be broken down, releasing volatile phenols that contribute undesirable sensory characteristics to the resultant wine (i.e. smokey and ashy attributes). Several methods have been evaluated, both viticultural measures and winemaking techniques, for mitigating and/or remediating the negative effects of grapevine smoke exposure. While there is currently no single method that universally solves the problem of smoke taint, this paper outlines the tools available that can help to minimize the negative impacts of smoke taint (Figure 1).
Lunch Box Innovation Product Design In The Millennial Era
Authors: Pranoto Bayu , Firmansyah Hilmi Iman , Wicaksono Hangga , Fakhruddin Muhammad , Perkasa Rilis Eka
Published: September 2021

Almost of kids in the world still bring a lunch box and a bottle of water in their bag when their go to school. His mother always prepares a lunch box complete with a bottle of drinking water, hoping that his son can enjoy his favorite lunch and avoid starvation. Sometimes the mother is very worried when the lunch box has been brought by the child but the water bottle is left behind. Then the mother was willing to take her child's water bottle to her school. This is certainly not expected by either the mother or the child. As a form of concern for the author to this problem, the author proposes a lunch box design with a lunch box lid that also functions as a drinking water bottle. The idea of this design proposal is ones grab, both are food & drink in your hand. The goal is how to make a kids can grab their food and drink easily and practice. So it is proposed to modify a top cover of common foodpack to become a drink bag. The design process begins with analyzing market needs, making sketches, creating 3D design models using the Autodesk Inventor CAD application, material selection, and product evaluation.
23. IDENTIFIKASI PARASIT PADA IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) DI DESA LAMBRO DEYAH KECAMATAN KUTA BARO KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR Identification of Parasites in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Lambro Deyah Kuta Baro Aceh Besar
Authors: Rizki Adistya Putra , Fahrimal Yudha , Daud Razali , Karmil T. Fadrial , Hambal Muhammad , Z Zuhrawati
Published: September 2021

The study aimed at identifying the types of parasites that infect catfish as well as to determine the prevalence of the parasite species. A total of 30 catfish were collected using nets then examined at Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh. Ectoparasites examination was carried out by directly observed the outer surface of fish body and by mucus smear examination microscopically. While endoparasites examination was done by observation on the inner surface of the digestive tract. The study revealed that five types of parasites infected catfish were Dactylogyrus (43.33%), Gyrodactylus (20%), Tricodina (3.33%), Camallanus sp (3.33%), and unidentified worm (3.33%). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: catfish, ectoparasite, endoparasite
5. PERBANDINGAN ONSET DAN SEDASI KETAMIN-XILAZIN DAN PROPOFOL PADA ANJING JANTAN LOKAL (Canis familiaris) (Comparison of Onset and Sedation of Ketamine-Xylazine and Propofol on Local Male Dog (Canis familiaris))
Authors: Fadhli Chairul
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi ketamin-xilazin dan propofol secara tunggal terhadap onset dan sedasi pada anjing jantan lokal (Canis familiaris). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan enam ekor anjing jantan lokal yang secara klinis dinyatakan sehat. Secara acak, seluruh anjing dibagi menjadi dua kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas tiga ekor. Seluruh hewan coba dipuasakan selama 8-12 jam dan diberikan premedikasi atropin sulfat (0,04 mg/kg bobot badan) 10 menit sebelum pemberian anestesi. Kelompok I (K1) diinjeksikan dengan kombinasi ketamin (10 mg/kg bobot badan) dengan xilazin (2 mg/kg bobot badan) secara intravena, sedangkan kelompok II (K2) diinjeksikan dengan propofol (6,6 mg/kg bobot badan) secara intravena. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan terhadap onset dan sedasi. Data yang diperoleh terhadap timbulnya onset dan sedasi dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t. Rata-rata onset dan sedasi pada K1 vs K2 masing-masing adalah 25,3±1,52 vs 31,6±1,15 detik dan 14,5±3,06 vs 4,35±1,13 menit. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan perbedaan sangat nyata (P0,01) antara kedua kelompok perlakuan terhadap onset dan sedasi pada anjing jantan lokal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi ketamin-xilazin memiliki waktu onset yang lebih cepat dan sedasi yang lebih lama dibandingkan dengan propofol secara tunggal pada anjing jantan lokal. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kata kunci: anestesi, ketamin, propofol, xilazin
6. PERKIRAAN NILAI EKONOMIS AKIBAT PENYAKIT ORF PADA KAMBING DI TIGA PASAR HEWAN KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR (Estimation of the Economic Value Resulted by Orf Disease on Goat in Three Livestock Market in Aceh Besar District)
Authors: Negara Adhona Bhajana Wijaya
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the prevalence and economic value of goats infected with orf traded in 3 livestock markets in Aceh Besar district, which is Seulimum, Sibreh, and Ulee Kareng livestock market. This method used the cross-sectional observational study. The population in this study was all of goat sellers, while the goat sample was selected using simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire was filled by using interview techniques to the respondents who selected by purposive sampling. Diagnosing of orf disease in goats was performed by looking at the possibility of the presence of clinical symptoms, afterward the data were included into recording sheets. Data were analyzed by descriptive analytic. The results showed that the prevalence of the orf disease in 3 livestock markets in Aceh Besar district was 3.4%, and the economic value of goats infected with orf was below 1,500,000 rupiah. The conclusion of this study is the price of goat infected with orf tend to be lower than the healthy one, thus the profit also low. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: prevalence, economic value, orf infection
20. PERBEDAAN JUMLAH LEUKOSIT SETELAH TRANSPLANTASI KULIT SECARA AUTOGRAFT DAN ISOGRAFT PADA ANJING LOKAL (Canis lupus familiaris) Description of Leucocyte on Skin Transplantation Lessio by Autograph and Isograph on Local Canine (Canis Lupus familiaris)
Authors: Rafdinal Irnandha
Published: September 2021

This research aimed to determined the description of leucocyte on transplantation wound by autograph and isograph on local canine. This research used 4 local dogs. Sample animals were fasted 6 hours before surgery, then injected with atropine sulfate subcutaneously as premedication, followed by anaesthesized by ketamine and xylazine intramuscularly. The incision 3x3 cm was made on right chest’s skin and right side of thigh, then transplantation was carried out by autograft and isograph. Blood colection was conducted through chepalica vein for 1 ml on 0,3,6,9, and 12 day after treatment. Data were analyzed using split plot pattern ANOVA. The results showed that the total of leucocyte after skin transplantation by autograph on day 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 were (7.80±0.57) x 103/mm3, (12.36±0.06) x 103/mm3, (12.98±0.32) x 103/mm3, (15.42 ± 0.11) x 103/mm3, and (17.66±0.45) x 103/mm3, and total of leucocyte after skin transplantation by isograph on day 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 were (6.80±0.57) x 103/mm3, (9.35±0.36) x 103/mm3, (12.59±4.17) x 103/mm3, (16.11± 1.10) x 103/mm3, and (18.57±0.33) x 103/mm3. Based on the result it can be concluded that total of leucocyte on isograph skin transplantation is higher than autograph skin transplantation. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: leucocyte, autograph, isograph
19. PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK TEH HIJAU (Camelia sinensis) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN NILAI HEMATOKRIT PADA TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) The Effect of Green Tea Extract (Camelia sinensis) on Haemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels of Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Lubis Triva Murtina
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of green tea (Camelia sinensis) extract on hemoglobin and hematocrit level of Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus). Sample animals used were 20 rats strain Wistar aged 2.5-3.0 months. Green tea extract was given for 30 days consecutively. Blood collection was conducted via orbitalis sinus for 2 ml using capillary pipette. Rats were fed with standart commercial food (Turbo Feed T.79-4) and aquadest as drinking water ad libitum. This study used completely randomized design (CRD) pattern with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The control group (P0) without any treatment, P1 was given green tea extract 0.045 g/ml/day, P2 was given green tea extract 0.060 g/ml/day, and P3 was given green tea extract 0.075 g/ml/day. Data were analyzed by oneway analysis of variance (Anova). The result showed that mean±SD of hemoglobin levels (g/dl) on each treatment group (P0, P1, P2, and P3) were 11.86±0.55, 12.58±1.40, 11.82±0.69, and 12.50±0.84 respectivey. Mean±SD of hematocrit levels (%) on each treatment group (P0, P1, P2, and P3) were 44.00±4.30, 43.40±1.14, 44.00±1.58, and 42.80±1.79. To conclude, the administration of green tea extract has no effect (P0.05) on haemoglobin and hematocrit levels of Wistar rat. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: green tea, haemoglobin, haematocrit, Wistar rat
13. The Examination of Borax in Beef Meatballs in Pidie Jaya (123 PEMERIKSAAN KANDUNGAN BORAKS PADA BAKSO DAGING SAPI DI KABUPATEN PIDIE JAYA)
Authors: Fuadi Rizal
Published: September 2021

This study was aimed to determine the presence of borax in beef meatballs in Pidie Jaya. This study used 20 samples of beef meatballs which were randomly selected from 4 districts in Pidie Jaya: District Meureudu, Meurah Dua, Bandar Dua, and Trienggadeng. Samples were collected from 5 sampling sites in each district in the afternoon at 17:00 to 19:00 pm. Borax examination was carried out using borax kit test. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that borax was not found in beef meatballs collected from four districts in Pidie Jaya. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: beef meatballs, borax, Pidie Jaya
9. PREVALENSI DIROFILARIASIS PADA ANJING LOKAL (Canis domestica) DI KECAMATAN LHOKNGA ACEH BESAR SECARA PATOLOGI ANATOMIS Prevalence of Dirofilariasis on Local Dogs (Canis domestica) in Lhoknga Aceh Besar Using Phatological Anatomy Method
Authors: Assady Mubarak
Published: September 2021

The aim of this research was to find out the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis on local dog in Lhoknga Aceh Besar. This study used 30 local dogs collected from 5 villages in Lhoknga Aceh Besar. Dogs were injected intravenous with phenobarbital at dose of 2-3 mg/kg body weight, then necropsied to find out Dirofilaria immitis in dog heart. The result showed that 3 out of 30 dogs were positive dirofilariasis, two dogs from Nusa village and one dog from Lampaya village. In conclusion, the prevalence of dirofilariasis on local dogs in Lhoknga Aceh Besar is 10%. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: prevalence, Dirofilaria immitis, dogs, necropsy
7. PERTUMBUHAN Escherichia coli YANG DIISOLASI DARI FESES ANAK AYAM BROILER TERHADAP EKSTRAK DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum [Wight.] Walp.) The Effect of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum [Wight.] Walp.) Extract on the Growth of Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler Chicks Feces
Authors: Hidayati Suci Nurul
Published: September 2021

This study aims to find out the effect of bay leaf extract on the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from broiler chicks feces. A total of 5 broiler chicks from Banda Aceh were used in this study. Bay leaf used in this research was from Banda Aceh (Aceh) and Pariaman (West Sumatra). Bacteria identification was then carried out to broiler chicks feces. Once E. coli was identified, subsequently, Kirby Bauer method was done on E. coli using bay leaf extract. Bay leaf extract was diluted with 1% CMC to the concentration of 25%, 50%, and 75%. Then the paper disc was inserted into a test tube containing bay leaf extract with various concentrations. E. coli cultures grown in nutrinet broth (NB) were then swab on the surface of Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) media. Paper discs that had been soaked in various concentrations of bay leaf extract (P1, P2, and P3) and 30 mg chloramphenicol antibiotic as a positive control (P0) were stick to the surface of MHA plates added E. coli. The MHA media were then incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. The results showed that the inhibition zone of bay leaf extracts from Banda Aceh on P0, P1, P2, and P4 were 16 mm, 0 mm, 0 mm, and 0 mm, while the inhibition zone of bay leaf extract obtained from Pariaman were 15.6 mm, 0 mm, 0 mm, and 0 mm, respectively. In conclusion, bay leaf extract do not inhibit the growth of E. coli. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: bay leaf, Escherichia coli, broiler chick
3. Lactobacillus casei Fermented Milk as a Treatment for Diabetes in Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Sari Pratiwi Purnama , Nurliana Nurliana , Hasan M. , Sayuti Arman , Sugito Sugito , Amiruddin Amiruddin
Published: September 2021

The study aimed to find out the effect of Lactobacillus casei fermented milk as diabetic drug (Therapeutic). Mice were 3-4 month old, male and body weight ranged 20-30 g. This Research used Completely Randomized Design with factorial pattern, consisted of dose and  duration of  feeding. Treatments were divided into four treatment, P1 (no treatment), P2 (mice were induced with alloxan), P3 (mice were induced with alloxan and fed with fermented milk L. casei with 0.5 mL/mice) and P4 (mice were induced with alloxan and fed with Lactobacillus casei fermented milk 1 mL/mice). Provision of L. casei fermented milk provided at libitium and L. casei fermented milk given for 7 and 14 days. Blood  were collected from Vena lateralis and dropped on the strip test Easy Touch GGHb. The results showed that not only dose administration of L. casei fermented milk had significantly decrease (P0.01) of glucose levels in mice, but also duration of treatment. It can be concluded that the administration of fermented milk L. casei can be used as a complement therapy for diabetic mice
20. The Histological Structure of Tegal Duck (Anas javanicus) Spleen at Different Age
Authors: Hafizsha Nabila Latifa , Budiman Hamdani , Hamny Hamny , Masyitha Dian , Iskandar Cut Dahlia , Balqis Ummu , Jalaluddin Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The aim of the  study was to determine the histological structure of tegal duck (Anas javanicus) spleen according to ages variation. One month, 2 month and 3 months of tegal duck were used as the sample of this study. The spleen of each duck was analyzed by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) method, then observed under light microscope. The result of this study performed there were the differences of histological structure of the ducks spleen. The capsule thickness had increased along with increasing age, which was 16.0 ± 1.0 µm; 25.3 ± 2.5 µm; and 29.0 ± 1.0 µm. The boundary between the two pulp in the tegal duck 3 months  old more obvious than 1 month or 2 months old. The diameter of white pulp had increased in the oldest duck. It can be concluded that the development of spleen histological structure was more perfect with the  increasing age of tegal duck.
14. Effect of Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii) Extract to Early Spoilage of Beef
Authors: Safrijal Akmal , Razali Razali , Ismail Ismail , Ferasyi T. Reza , Nurliana Nurliana , Masyitha Dian
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine early spoilage of beef after addition of curry leaf extract. The sample used is beef Semimembranosus muscle which is divided into 42 parts each weight is 5 grams. This research used experimental method which consists of three treatments with two repetitions. P1 group is without curry leaf extract (control), group P2 with curry leaf extract 25% used and group P3 with curry leaf extract 50%. The entire sample is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ° C. For 7 days early spoilage test is conducted every day at 9am and 4pm. The result showed difference early spoilage time between each treatment. In P1 positive result of early spoilage time is on the 4th day and P2 positive result of early spoilage time is on the 5th day. While in P3 has not obtained positive result of early spoilage time at 7 days storage. Based on the results of this study we concluded that curry leaf extract can slow down the early spoilage time of beef
17. Knowledge of Understanding the Relationship of Sexual desire’s Symptoms of Lust with the Success of Artificial Insemination on Cattle Farmer at the Lengayang subdistrict, Pesisir Selatan district, West Sumatera
Authors: Dilla Nida Ulfa , Thasmi Cut Nila , Hamdan Hamdan
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to find out the understanding of cattle farmer in Lengayang, Pesisir Selatan West Sumatera about the relation of sexual desire symptom with the success rate of artificial insemination on cattle. The respondents of this study were the cattle farmer on Lengayang base on the result of the method of this study was field survey. The data were collected interview the farmer using structural questioner form. The data consist of secondary and primary data. The secondary data were obtained from Animal Husbandry departement and Animal Health on Pesisir Selatan. Data were analyzed descriptively. Result showed that from 100 respondents there were 15 respondents from Lakitan village, 16 respondent from East Lakitan, 14 respondents from East Kambang, 35 respondents from West Kambang, 9 respondents from Kambang and 11 respondents from North Kambang. Based on the study result the level of  farmers knowledge about understanding relation sexual desire the symptoms with the success of artificial insemination in cattle is 2% excellent, 33% good, 56% fairly good and 9%. Less Good. Based on Regression test formal education, non-formal education and experience effect of to the knowledge of the success of artificial insemination 6.6%