bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep convective cloud system size and structure across the global tropics and subtropics
Authors: Wilcox Eric M. , Yuan Tianle , Song Hua
Published: November 2023

Abstract. A new database is constructed comprising millions of deep convective clouds that spans the global tropics and subtropics for the entire record of the MODIS instruments on the Terra and Aqua satellites. The database is a collection of individual cloud objects ranging from isolated convective cells to mesoscale convective cloud systems spanning hundreds of thousands of square kilometers in cloud area. By matching clouds in the database with the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis dataset and microwave imager brightness temperatures from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer – EOS (AMSR-E) instrument, the database is designed to explore the relationships among the horizontal scale of cloud systems, the thermodynamic environment within which the cloud resides, the amount of aerosol in the environment, and indicators of the microphysical structure of the clouds. We find that the maximum values of convective available potential energy and vertical shear of the horizontal wind associated with a cloud impose a strong constraint on the size attained by a convective cloud system, although the relationship varies geographically. The cloud database provides a means of empirically studying the factors that determine the spatial structure and coverage of convective cloud systems, which are strongly related to the overall radiative forcing by cloud systems. The observed relationships between cloud system size and structure from this database can be compared with similar relationships derived from simulated clouds in atmospheric models to evaluate the representation of clouds and convection in weather forecast and climate projection simulations, including whether models exhibit the same relationships between the atmospheric environment and cloud system size and structure. Furthermore, the dataset is designed to probe the impacts of aerosols on the size and structure of deep convective cloud systems.
The Antarctic Ice Core Chronology 2023 (AICC2023) chronological framework and associated timescale for the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C ice core
Authors: Bouchet Marie , Landais Amaëlle , Grisart Antoine , Parrenin Frédéric , Prié Frédéric , Jacob Roxanne , Fourré Elise , Capron Emilie , Raynaud Dominique , Lipenkov Vladimir Ya , Loutre Marie-France , Extier Thomas , Svensson Anders , Legrain Etienne , Martinerie Patricia , Leuenberger Markus , Jiang Wei , Ritterbusch Florian , Lu Zheng-Tian , Yang Guo-Min
Published: November 2023

Abstract. The EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dome C (EDC) ice core drilling in East Antarctica reaches a depth of 3260 m. The reference EDC chronology, the AICC2012 (Antarctic Ice Core Chronology 2012), provides an age vs. depth relationship covering the last 800 kyr (thousands of years), with an absolute uncertainty rising up to 8000 years at the bottom of the ice core. The origins of this relatively large uncertainty are twofold: (1) the δ18Oatm, δO2/N2 and total air content (TAC) records are poorly resolved and show large gaps over the last 800 kyr, and (2) large uncertainties are associated with their orbital targets. Here, we present new highly resolved δ18Oatm, δO2/N2 and δ15N measurements for the EDC ice core covering the last five glacial–interglacial transitions; a new low-resolution TAC record over the period 440–800 ka BP (ka: 1000 years before 1950); and novel absolute 81Kr ages. We have compiled chronological and glaciological information including novel orbital age markers from new data on the EDC ice core as well as accurate firn modeling estimates in a Bayesian dating tool to construct the new AICC2023 chronology. For the first time, three orbital tools are used simultaneously. Hence, it is possible to observe that they are consistent with each other and with the other age markers over most of the last 800 kyr (70 %). This, in turn, gives us confidence in the new AICC2023 chronology. The average uncertainty in the ice chronology is reduced from 1700 to 900 years in AICC2023 over the last 800 kyr (1σ). The new timescale diverges from AICC2012 and suggests age shifts reaching 3800 years towards older ages over marine isotope stages (MISs) 5, 11 and 19. But the coherency between the new AICC2023 timescale and independent chronologies of other archives (Italian Lacustrine succession from Sulmona Basin, Dome Fuji ice core and northern Alpine speleothems) is improved by 1000 to 2000 years over these time intervals.
Technical note: Characterization of a single-beam gradient force aerosol optical tweezer for droplet trapping, phase transitions monitoring, and morphology studies
Authors: Pei Xiangyu , Meng Yikan , Chen Yueling , Liu Huichao , Song Yao , Xu Zhengning , Zhang Fei , Preston Thomas C. , Wang Zhibin
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Single particle analysis is essential for a better understanding of the particle transformation process and predicting its environmental impact. In this study, we developed an aerosol optical tweezer (AOT)-Raman spectroscopy system to investigate the phase state and morphology of suspended aerosol droplets in real time. The system comprises four modules: optical trapping, reaction, illumination and imaging, as well as detection. The optical trapping module utilizes a 532 nm laser and a 100x oil immersion objective to stably trap aerosol droplets within 30 seconds. The reaction module allows us to adjust relative humidity (RH) and introduce reaction gases into the droplet levitation chamber, facilitating experiments to study liquid-liquid phase transitions. The illumination and imaging module employs a high-speed camera to monitor the trapped droplets, while the detector module records Raman scattering light. We trapped sodium chloride (NaCl) and 3-methyl glutaric acid (3-MGA) mixed droplets to examine RH-dependent morphology changes. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) occurred when RH was decreased. Additionally, we introduced ozone and limonene/α-pinene to generate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles in situ, which collided with the trapped droplet and dissolve in it. To determine the trapped droplet’s characteristics, we utilized an open-source program which based on Mie theory to retrieve diameter and refractive index from the observed whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in Raman spectra. It is found that mixed droplets formed core-shell morphology when RH was decreased, and the RH dependence of the droplets phase transitions generated by different SOA precursors varied. Our AOT system serves as an essential experimental platform for in-situ assessment of morphology and phase state during dynamic atmospheric processes.
Improving the predictions of black carbon (BC) optical properties at various aging stages using a machine-learning-based approach
Authors: Romshoo Baseerat , Patil Jaikrishna , Michels Tobias , Müller Thomas , Kloft Marius , Pöhlker Mira
Published: November 2023

Abstract. It is necessary to accurately determine the optical properties of highly absorbing black carbon (BC) aerosols to estimate their climate impact. In the past, there has been hesitation about using realistic fractal morphologies when simulating BC optical properties due to the complexity involved in the simulations and the cost of the computations. In this work, we demonstrate that the predictions of optical properties like single scattering albedo (ω) and mass absorption cross-section (MAC) can be improved compared to the conventional Mie-based predictions using a highly accurate benchmark machine learning algorithm. Unlike the computationally intensive simulations of complex scattering models, the ML-based approach accurately predicts optical properties in a fraction of a second. There has been an extensive evaluation procedure carried out in this study. Based on comparisons with laboratory measurements, it was demonstrated that incorporating realistic morphologies of BC significantly improved their optical properties. The results indicate that it is possible to generate optical properties in the visible spectrum using BC fractal aggregates with any desired physicochemical properties, such as size, morphology, or organic coating. Based on these findings, climate models can improve their radiative forcing estimates using such comprehensive parameterizations for the optical properties of BC based on their aging stages.
Spectroscopic assessment of three ecologically distinct organic carbon fractions of mineral soils
Authors: Walden Lewis , Sepanta Farid , Viscarra Rossel Raphael
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Soil carbon (C) is heterogeneous and exists in various forms along a decomposition continuum from labile fast-cycling compounds to more persistent forms of C, which can reside in the soil for centuries to millennia. Methods for soil organic C fractionation aim to account for this complexity by separating soil organic C into distinct groups that exhibit similar turnover. Our aims were to (a) fractionate three mineral soils with small C concentrations (<2.5 % C), different textures and mineralogy using a granulometric method to derive the particulate organic C in macroaggregates (POCmac), the particulate organic C in microaggregates (POCmic), and the mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), (b) test if mid-infrared (MIR) spectra can discriminate the distinct organic C fractions and characterise the critical organic and mineral functional groups, and c) explore the interactions between the dominant mineral and organic functional groups to elucidate C stabilisation. With a multivariate analyses we found that the MIR spectra use information from mineral and organic frequencies to discriminate the organic C fractions. Closer investigation on specific regions of the MIR spectrum showed that absorptions relating to silicates were more pronounced in the POCmac and POCmic fractions and clay mineral absorptions were stronger in the MAOC fraction. There was little organic C in the POCmic and POCmac fractions, respectively, and their spectra showed mostly mineralogical features. Most of the organic C in the soils was present as MAOC. The stretching vibration of the bonds in the alkyl CH2 molecule was most prominent. However, absorptions from C = C and C = O stretching vibrations, due to alkenes and amides were also present. These molecules are known to form MAOC. We found that the wavenumbers associated with the absorption of alkyl CH2 were positively correlated with the absorption of clay minerals, which may be used to infer the mineral association of organic C. Our results show that MIR spectroscopy can characterise the compositional differences between the C fractions and that the spectra could potentially infer C stabilisation in mineral soils.
The Dynamic Effect of Root Exudates on Soil Structure: Aggregate Stability and Packing
Authors: Dor Maoz , Assa Itamar , Mishael Yael
Published: November 2023

Abstract. The importance of soil structure, packing and stability, cannot be overstated as it controls vital processes in the terrestrial environment. Physical, chemical and biological processes altogether affect the dynamics of soil structure with the biological driver being the most complex and least explored. We quantified, developing and applying advanced methods, the effect of mucilage (0.035 % w/w), the main substance in root exudates, on soil packing and stability, by micro-CT and laser granulometry (aggregate durability index), respectively. Upon mucilage addition to soils, or plant growth, soil aggregate size and aggregate stability both increased, however, the intensity varied between the soils, in the order of sandy-clay-loam > loamy-sand > clayey soils. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction measurements focusing on the smaller soil aggregates (<250 µm) and their mineralogy, bring forward their dominant role in aggregation and stabilization processes induced by mucilage. The complex effects of mucilage coupled with a physical driver, wetting and drying, on microorganism activity, were explored. Compensating microorganism activities, root mucilage consumption and self-mucilaginous polysaccharides production, most likely explain the stability steady state reached within three days. The presence of mucilage in sandy-clay-loam and clayey soils, intensified and overcame the aggregation and disaggregation induced by wetting and drying, respectively. Elucidating soil structure dynamics will enable better understanding of soil stability processes and thereby develop better strategies for soil erosion management.
Nonlinear time series analysis of coastal temperatures and El Niño–Southern Oscillation events in the eastern South Pacific
Authors: Rojo-Garibaldi Berenice , Contreras-López Manuel , Giannerini Simone , Salas-de-León David Alberto , Vázquez-Guerra Verónica , H. E. Cartwright Julyan
Published: November 2023

Abstract. We carry out a nonlinear time series analysis motivated by dynamical systems theory to investigate the links between temperatures on the eastern South Pacific coast, influenced by the Humboldt Current System, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. To this aim, we use a set of 16 oceanic and atmospheric temperature time series from Chilean coastal stations distributed between 18 and 45∘ S. The spectral analysis indicates periodicities that can be related to both internal and external forcing, involving not only ENSO, but also the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Southern Annual Mode, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and the lunar nodal cycle. The asymptotic neural network test for chaos based on the largest global Lyapunov exponent indicates that the temperature dynamics along the Chilean coast is not chaotic. We use local Lyapunov exponents to characterize the short-term stability of the series. Using a cross-entropy test, we find that two stations in northern Chile, one oceanic (Iquique) and one atmospheric (Arica), present a significant positive cross-dependence between local Lyapunov exponents and ENSO. Iquique is the station that presents the greater number of regional characteristics and correlates with ENSO differently from the rest. The unique large-scale study area, combined with time series from hitherto unused sources (Chilean naval records), reveals the nonlinear dynamics of climate variability in Chile.
Assessing Locations Susceptible to Landslide Initiation During Prolonged Intense Rainfall in the Lares, Utuado, and Naranjito Municipios of Puerto Rico
Authors: Baum Rex L. , Brien Dianne L. , Reid Mark E. , Schulz William H. , Tello Matthew J.
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Hurricane María induced about 70,000 landslides throughout Puerto Rico, USA, including thousands each in three municipalities situated in Puerto Rico’s rugged Cordillera Central range. By combining a nonlinear soil-depth model, presumed wettest-case pore pressures, and quasi-three-dimensional (3D) slope-stability analysis we developed a landslide susceptibility map that has very good performance and continuous susceptibility zones having smooth, buffered boundaries. Our landslide susceptibility map enables assessment of (1) potential ground-failure locations, and (2) areas of potential landslide sources to support a companion assessment of inundation and debris-flow runout. The quasi-3D factor of safety, F3, showed strong inverse correlation to landslide density (high density at low F3). Area under the curve (AUC) of True Positive Rate (TPR) versus False Positive Rate indicated success of F3 in identifying head-scarp points (AUC=0.84) and source-area polygons (0.85 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.88). The susceptibility zones enclose specific percentages of observed landslides. Thus, zone boundaries use successive F3 levels for increasing TPR of landslide head-scarp points, with zones bounded by F3 at TPR=0.75, very high; F3 at TPR=0.90, high; and the remainder moderate to low. The very high susceptibility zone, with 118 landslides/km2, covered 23 % of the three municipalities. The high zone (51 landslides/km2) covered another 10 %.
On the characteristics of the wake of a wind turbine undergoing large motions caused by a floating structure: an insight based on experiments and multi-fidelity simulations from the OC6 project Phase III
Authors: Cioni Stefano , Papi Francesco , Pagamonci Leonardo , Bianchini Alessandro , Ramos-García Néstor , Pirrung Georg , Corniglion Rémi , Lovera Anaïs , Galván Josean , Boisard Ronan , Fontanella Alessandro , Schito Paolo , Zasso Alberto , Belloli Marco , Sanvito Andrea , Persico Giacomo , Zhang Lijun , Li Ye , Zhou Yarong , Mancini Simone , Boorsma Koen , Amaral Ricardo , Viré Axelle , Schulz Christian W. , Netzband Stefan , Soto-Valle Rodrigo , Marten David , Martín-San-Román Raquel , Trubat Pau , Molins Climent , Bergua Roger , Branlard Emmanuel , Jonkman Jason , Robertson Amy
Published: November 2023

Abstract. This study reports the results of the second round of analyses of the Offshore Code Comparison, Collaboration, Continued, with Correlation and unCertainty (OC6) project Phase III. While the first round investigated rotor aerodynamic loading, here, focus is given to the wake behavior of a floating wind turbine under large motion. Wind tunnel experimental data from the UNsteady Aerodynamics for FLOating Wind (UNAFLOW) project are compared with the results of simulations provided by participants with methods and codes of different levels of fidelity. The effect of platform motion on both the near and the far wake is investigated. More specifically, the behavior of tip vortices in the near wake is evaluated through multiple metrics, such as streamwise position, core radius, convection velocity, and circulation. Additionally, the onset of velocity oscillations in the far wake is analyzed because this can have a negative effect on stability and loading of downstream rotors. Results in the near wake for unsteady cases confirm that simulations and experiments tend to diverge from the expected linearized quasi-steady behavior when the rotor reduced frequency increases over 0.5. Additionally, differences across the simulations become significant, suggesting that further efforts are required to tune the currently available methodologies in order to correctly evaluate the aerodynamic response of a floating wind turbine in unsteady conditions. Regarding the far wake, it is seen that, in some conditions, numerical methods overpredict the impact of platform motion on the velocity fluctuations. Moreover, results suggest that the effect of platform motion on the far wake, differently from original expectations about a faster wake recovery in a floating wind turbine, seems to be limited or even oriented to the generation of a wake less prone to dissipation.
Comorbidades como fator prognóstico no paciente cardiológico com COVID-19
Authors: Cadori Gislaine , Bessa Bruna Bernegozzi , Almeida Rui M. S.
Published: November 2023

Introdução: A COVID-19 é uma enfermidade que tem assolado a população mundial desde 2019. Com início impreciso na cidade de Wuhan, na China, a doença se disseminou de maneira rápida e catastrófica, causando a infecção de mais de 400 mi de pessoas e culminando em quase 6 mi de óbitos (WHO, 2022). Sabe-se que a patologia é causada por um coronavírus de manifestações sistêmicas respiratórias, entretanto, acomete outros sistemas, como o cardiovascular. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário estudar os impactos que as comorbidades trazem consigo no prognóstico do paciente infectado pelo SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a correlação entre comorbidades e o prognóstico do paciente cardiológico estando com COVID-19 no período entre março de 2020 e setembro de 2021, em um hospital do oeste do Paraná. Metodologia:  Foi realizado um estudo transversal de coorte retrospectivo a partir do levantamento e análise de prontuários de pacientes que se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão da pesquisa, com posterior elaboração de estatísticas e gráficos a fim de elucidar a questão norteadora. Resultados e Discussão: Foi evidenciado uma taxa significativamente maior de óbitos entre aqueles que possuíam ao menos uma comorbidade; estando relacionado à fisiopatologia do vírus ao organismo humano e as fragilidades causadas pelos fatores de risco associados. Conclusão: Este estudo pontua a presença de ao menos uma comorbidade como piora no prognóstico, estando presente em 70% dos óbitos.
Forord
Authors: Moen Sveinung Søyland
Published: November 2023

"Korleis held me på variasjon som ein viktig del av folkemusikken i ei tid der musikken kan reproduserast i detalj med datamaskinen?" Spørsmålet vart stilt under seminaret til Norsk folkemusikklag, som i år vart halde på Ole Bull Akademiet på Voss og hadde temaet "Teknologi". Dette spørsmålet viser ei mogleg utfordring ved det å bruka teknologi til å læra folkemusikk, og korleis teknologien kan vera med på å endra tradisjonen. På den andre sida representerer ny teknologi nye moglegheiter i formidling av, og forsking på, folkemusikken. Dei to første artiklane i 2014-utgåva av Musikk og tradisjon baserer seg på innlegg frå seminaret.
Teknologien og tradisjonen: Noter og opptak, nok en gang
Authors: Kvifte Tellef
Published: November 2023

The paper discusses the use and effects on traditional music by the introduction of the technologies of music notation and music recording. Both of these technologies imply fixation and, therefore, also the possibility of recreation of a (musical) event split from its origin. Reference is made to Lord's discussion of orality vs. literacy, and also to Schafer's concept of schizophonia. Both these authors see the technologies in a perspective of cultural pessimism that is not shared by this author. The aim of the article is, therefore, not to argue for caution on the use of technologies nor to argue that traditional music becomes less 'authentic' through the use of technology, but to describe in more detail possible views of the co-development of use of technology and change in aesthetic focus. Specifically it is argued that there might be a shift from a predominantly art-of-work orientation in the mid 19th century to a more performance-focused contemporary orientation.
Astrid Nora Ressem (red.): Norske middelalderballader: Melodier. Bind 2. Ridderballader, Kjempe- og trollballader
Authors: Kjøk Jarnfrid
Published: November 2023

Balladane er forteljingar på vers, alle dramatiske, anten romantiske, tragiske eller komiske. Tekstene er i seg sjølve ein stor skatt, i dag lett tilgjengelege i digital form: som transkriberte tekster i Det gamle balladearkivet frå 19971 og i utval med faglege innleiingar i Visearkivet, bokselskapet.no.2 Balladeprosjektet med Folkeviseautomaten3 byr mellom anna også på song av og opplysning om kvedarar. Kjeldeskriftene, sjølve handskriftene til fleire av dei store folkevisesamlarane på 1800-talet, er også digitaliserte, t.d. samlingane etter Sophus Bugge og Moltke Moe på nettsida til Norsk folkeminnesamling.4 Også musikkmanuskript i Nasjonalbiblioteket som oppskriftene av Ludvig Mathias Lindeman er tilgjengelege på nettsida til Nasjonalbiblioteket, bokhylla.no.
Membangun Iman Kristen di Kalangan Suku Dayak Kanayatn Melalui Pendekatan Kontekstual Upacara Adat Kamang Tariu
Authors: Nianda Nianda , Theodorus Theodorus , Krispambudi Giri , S. Yuliawati
Published: November 2023

In general, the customs, traditions and culture of each ethnic group differ depending on the geographical location and the way of life of each. Almost all customs and cultural traditions of each ethnic group become a benchmark for ethics, morals and habits that occur and are always positive according to their ethnicity, although there are some other cultural views that consider it not necessarily positive. For the Dayak Kanayatn tribe, traditions, customs and culture are the most important things in managing daily life. Dayak Kanayatn is very thick with tradition and culture. One of the most feared Dayak traditions is the "baparang or bakayo (cut the enemy head)" tradition, because it is related to supernatural powers. The tradition of “baparang or bakayo (cut the enemy head)” for the Dayak Kanayatn tribe cannot be separated from “Kamang Tariu Traditional Ceremony”. It is said that the story of “Kamang Tariu” can give supernatural powers to Dayak people who are going to “baparang or bakayo (cut the enemy head)”, so that they are immune to machetes, fire, rifles and others. In order for this paper to be accurate, the author discusses it using a descriptive method sourced from the existing literature and also from the results of interviews related to the discussion of this article. Then it will look for correlations from a biblical point of view, with contextual approach using the “Kamang Tariu Tradisional Ceremony”, so that the expected results can contribute to building Christian faith among the Kanayatn Dayak tribe.
Projeto para Eventos Temporários
Authors: Dias Nathalia Schimidt , Salado Gerusa de Cássia
Published: November 2023

Todos os anos ocorrem inúmeros eventos, feiras e exposições, tanto nacionais quanto internacionais. Para que estes eventos aconteçam, faz-se necessária a realização do planejamento e a elaboração da infraestrutura para atender ao público. Sendo assim, uma possibilidade de material construtivo é o papelão, o qual pode ser utilizado para compor obras de caráter temporário como eventos e feiras. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor o emprego de tubos de papelão para construção de uma estrutura de pergolado e quiosques, os quais serão utilizados para a realização de uma feira vegana que ocorre na cidade de Limeira, São Paulo, visando a sustentabilidade e a conscientização ambiental dos visitantes. Para a metodologia, inicialmente foi realizado o levantamento e estudo de alguns eventos tradicionais que ocorrem na cidade e, então, foi realizado o projeto da estrutura e dos quiosques utilizando os softwares como AutoCAD e SketchUp. Como resultado apresenta-se o projeto das estruturas e quiosques utilizados na feira vegana e um breve comparativo entre os custos atuais dos materiais (papelão, concreto e aço). Este estudo permite concluir que os tubos de papelão podem compor construções diversas na engenharia e arquitetura com baixo custo, durabilidade e resistência satisfatórias.
Alternativas Projetivas Sustentáveis para intervenções temporárias em ruínas históricas em Florianópolis/SC
Authors: Rodrigues Mara Regina Pagliuso , Nora Lucas Rodrigo , Fiorin Evandro
Published: November 2023

Este trabalho é um construto que delineia uma forma de levantamento que se utiliza de caminhadas para encontrar os edifícios em ruínas com valor histórico a serem estudados, a partir de registros fotográficos e análise técnica capaz de dar suporte para intervenções temporárias que tenham como pilar a sustentabilidade. Nas ações projetuais optamos por utilizar pneus inservíveis como agregado para a confecção de elementos pré-moldados, que seriam essenciais para restituir integridade física às ruínas históricas. Em outra fase, contaríamos com a ideia de participação na autoconstrução; uma alternativa viável para sua implementação, aproximando um sentido humano de uma base técnico-científica. De tal sorte, os populações em situação de vulnerabilidade social que habitam esses espaços em desuso poderiam participar do processo de intervenção temporária e compreender a importância de preservar a história da cidade.
Tecnologias de código aberto para registro fotogramétrico do patrimônio arquitetônico
Authors: Cavalcanti Garcia Vitor , Guillen Salas Juan Carlos , Mora Pereira Caixeta Eline Maria
Published: November 2023

Nas últimas décadas, o desenvolvimento tecnológico instituiu novas ferramentas para o registro do patrimônio arquitetônico, sendo a fotogrametria uma delas. Concomitantemente, ampliaram-se as iniciativas para produção de tecnologias de código aberto, isto é, softwares cujo código-fonte está disponível para acesso remoto, acessível para estudo e modificação e disponível para redistribuição a outros. Este artigo, portanto, aborda o tema da preservação do patrimônio arquitetônico, sob a ótica das tecnologias de código aberto para seu registro fotogramétrico. A pesquisa teve como hipótese que existem softwares de código aberto para realizar o registro fotogramétrico de edificações reconhecidas como patrimônio arquitetônico. Logo, o objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar softwares para o registro fotogramétrico de código aberto. O procedimento metodológico adotado envolveu pesquisas bibliográficas sobre a técnica de fotogrametria aplicada à preservação do patrimônio arquitetônico e sobre as tecnologias fotogramétricas de código aberto.  Como resultado principal deste estudo foram identificados oito softwares de código aberto para o registro fotogramétrico, com destaque aos sistemas VisualSMF, Meshlab, Regard 3D e COLMAP, pois verificamos casos em que estes programas foram utilizados para efetuar registros por fotogrametria de edifícios históricos.
Pijarzy w obronie oświeceniowej kultury językowej
Authors: Rospond Stanisław
Published: November 2023

Kultura języka narodowego, po katastrofalnym zacofaniu saskich czasów, stała się zasadniczym programem pisarzy stanisławowskich, postępowych mężów stanu i polityków oraz gramatykarzy czy słownikarzy. Przedmiotem artykułu jest prezentacja obrońców, propagatorów czystej, poprawnej polszczyzny literackiej, pięknej i dostosowanej do nowych potrzeb społecznych i naukowych. Przede wszystkim trzeba wskazać dwóch pijarów: Stanisława Konarskiego (1700— 1773) oraz Onufrego Kopczyńskiego (1735— 1817). Za nimi postępowali inni członkowie zakonu pijarskiego, autorzy różnych traktatów językowych: Filip Nereusz Golański (1753— 1824), Tadeusz Nowaczyński (1717— 1794), Kazimierz Narbutt (1733—1807), Wincenty Skrzetuski (1745—1791), Franciszek Ksawery Dmochowski (1762—1808), Franciszek Siarczyński (1758—1829).
Kościół św. Katarzyny w Krakowie
Authors: Kuś Jan
Published: November 2023

Gotycka budowla kościoła Św. Katarzyny oraz klasztoru OO. Augustianów stanowi piękny przykład budownictwa XIV wieku. Historia powstania świątyni związana jest najściślej z początkowymi dziejami miasta Kazimierza. W artykule po ukazaniu w zarysie dziejów wspomnianej świątyni przedstawiono opis architektoniczny budowli. W sposób szczególny przybliżono czytelnikowi fresk Matki Bożej Pocieszenia umieszczony w krużgankach klasztoru Ojców Augustianów w Krakowie.
Signal Identification in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Wireless Systems Using Bi-Directional Long Short-Term Memory Network
Authors: Sudhanshu Tyagi Neeraj Dwivedi, Sachin Kumar, Sudeep Tanwar,
Published: November 2023

This study's goal is to provide an early analysis of deep learning (DL) for signal identification in wireless systems that use non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). The successive interference cancellation (SIC) approach is frequently used at the receiver in NOMA systems when several users are decoded successively. Without explicitly calculating channels, a DL-based NOMA receiver can decode messages for several users at once. To estimate the multiuser uplink channel (CE) and recognize the initial broadcast signal in this study, it is recommended that a deep neural network with bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) be utilized. The suggested Bi-LSTM model, in contrast to conventional CE techniques, may immediately retrieve transmission signals impacted by channel distortion. During the offline training phase, the Bi-LTSM model is trained using simulation data based on channel statistics. The trained model is then applied to retrieve the transmitted symbols in the stage of online deployment. According to the findings, the DL method could outperform a maximum probability detector that considers interference effects when inter-symbol interference is substantial.
Study of psychosomatic disorders in adynamia among students and cyber addicts
Authors: Krivoshchapov M. V. , Mitelev S. S. , Ponomareva A. G. , Miteleva E. S.
Published: November 2023

Objective. To study psychosomatic health in adynamia in cyber addicts and students.

Material and methods. 100 people at the stages 3-4 of cyber addiction underwent rehabilitation and reintegration into society, and 82% of them got employed. Surveys, research on autonomic balance, calculation of the health coefficient, and assessment of psycho-emotional state based on the characteristics of the HTP test, were conducted among 24 cyber addicts and 24 students.

Results and discussion. The health coefficient of the cyber addicts averaged 2.38, while that of the students averaged

The average emotional tension index is 10.53 for students and 10.63 for those with cyber addiction. Autonomic disorders were identified in the female subgroup of gamers using the Kerdo Students displayed normotonia. The Hildebrandt index for students averaged 4.51, while for those with cyber addiction it was 3.03. These indicators are within normal limits.

Conclusion.

The effectiveness of treatment methods for cyber addiction and the social rehabilitation of cyber addicts has been identified based on health coefficient A low level of this metric was observed in the control group.

Students require such rehabilitation in the process of

A comprehensive and informative set of tests has been selected to determine the psychosomatic health and adaptation of addicts and individuals who spend extended periods on the computer in a state of
Endothelial dysfunction in postoperative purulent-septic complications of hepatobiliary zone pathologies
Authors: Makhmadov F. I. , Juraev М. F. , Sadulloev D. N. , Мirov L. , Safarov F. Sh. , Ashurov A. S. , Мurodov A. I. , Karimov P. Sh.
Published: November 2023

Objective. Determination of the significance of endothelial dysfunction in postoperative purulent-septic complications of pathologies of the hepatobiliary zone.

Material and methods. An analysis was conducted on 57 patients who underwent surgery for pathologies of the hepatobiliary zone and subsequently developed postoperative purulent-septic complications. Among these, there were 17 cases of postoperative peritonitis, 20 cases of postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses, and 20 cases of postoperative pancreatic necrosis. Of the patients, 19 were men (33.3%), and 38 were women (66.7%). Their ages ranged from 20 to 71 years.

Results. Out of the 57 patients, when classified based on the severity of endotoxemia: 26.3% had a mild degree, another 26.3% had a moderate degree, 15% had a severe degree, and 21.0% had an extremely severe degree. High levels of oxidative stress markers and decreased SOD levels were particularly evident in patients with postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses. Furthermore, even greater acceleration of lipid peroxidation processes was observed in patients with severe endotoxemia resulting from widespread postoperative peritonitis and extensive to nearly total postoperative pancreatic necrosis. Additionally, significant changes were noted in endotoxemia predictors in portal blood, endothelial dysfunction markers, and cytokines in patients with postoperative intra-abdominal purulent-septic complications.

Conclusion. Endothelial dysfunction in patients with postoperative purulent-septic complications is associated with profound pathomorphological changes in hepatocytes. These changes are evident in alterations to rheology, microcirculation, and increased levels of endothelial dysfunction markers.
Delayed presentation of gallstone ileus due to spilled gallstones: A case report
Authors: Wijesinghe Lekamalage Binura Buwaneka , Thaveenthiran Prasanthan , Nikhil Ghate Kaustubha , Arachchi Asiri
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Gallstone ileus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and very few cases have been reported of spilled gallstones during a cholecystectomy resulting in a delayed presentation of gallstone ileus. Although complications from unretrieved gallstones are rare, there is a variety of post-operative complications described in the literature. Most complications occur within the first few months but can occur up to 10 years after the procedure. If complications arise, they may lead to significant morbidity and management may result in an invasive intervention, including a laparotomy.

Case Report: An 83-year-old female underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis, during which several large gallstones spilled and an attempt at retrieval was made. Six years later, she presented to the emergency department with a small bowel obstruction due to gallstone ileus caused by an unretrieved spilled gallstone. She underwent laparotomy, and the gallstone was retrieved from the terminal ileum.

Conclusion: Gallstone ileus can occur because of unretrieved spilled gallstones from a cholecystectomy. Although complications from unretrieved gallstones are rare, this case report highlights the importance of considering this as a differential diagnosis when patients present with symptoms consistent with intestinal obstruction after a cholecystectomy. It is important to attempt to retrieve spilled gallstones during cholecystectomy, but if this is not feasible, this should be documented, and patients should be informed of the potential risks of unretrieved stones although rare.
0-6 Yaş Grubu Çocukların Ev Kazası Nedeniyle Acil Servise Başvurma Sıklığı ve Ebeveynlerinin İlk Yardım Uygulamalarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: AHMEDOV Yeşim , ORTABAĞ Tülay
Published: November 2023

Amaç: Araştırma ……… merkezde yaşayan 0-6 yaş grubu çocukların ev kazası nedeniyle acil servise başvurma oranını, kaza olma nedenlerini, kaza oluş biçimlerini incelemek, ebeveynlerinin ev kazasının nedenlerine yönelik bilgi seviyelerini ve ilk yardım uygulamalarını belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmamızda evreni, ……… Üniversitesi ………… Hastanesi Acil poliklinik-müşahede birimine 15 Şubat-15 Nisan 2018 tarihleri arasında üç aylık periyotta ev kazaları nedeniyle başvuran 0-6 yaş grubu çocukların ebeveynleri oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise, araştırmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden 102 ebeveyn oluşturmuştur. Veriler ‘soru formu’ ve ‘0-6 yaş grubu çocuğu olan annelerin ev kazalarına yönelik güvenlik önlemlerini tanılama ölçeği’ ile alınmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırmanın verilerine göre; 0-6 yaş grubu çocukların tamamı ev kazası geçirmiştir. Bu çocukların %73.5’i kızdır. Çocukların geçirdiği kazaların %41.2’sini yanık, %26.5’ini düşme oluşturmuştur. Geçirilen tüm kaza tiplerinde çocuğun yanında %43.1 annesi vardır ve çocukların %71.6’sına ilk uygulamayı annesi yapmıştır. İlk uygulamanın doğruluğuna göre dağılımlar değerlendirildiğinde %53.9’unun uygulamayı doğru yaptığı, %46.1’inin uygulamayı yanlış yaptığı bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde ebeveynlerin ilk yardım eğitimine ihtiyaç duyduğu ve ilk yardım eğitimini de çoğunlukla hemşirelerden talep ettikleri saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Hemşirelerin ebeveynlerin öğrenim düzeylerine uygun ilk yardım eğitim programları hazırlamaları, yürütmeleri ve değerlendirmeleri önerilmektedir.
Efecto de la braquiterapia con Iridio 192 en fibrosis coledociana experimental
Authors: Catalán B. Marcela , Cabello C. Carlos , Arancibia O. Hernán , Meneses C. Manuel , Corvalán Z. Felipe , Barriga V. Hernán
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: Uno de nuestros enfermos sometido a colecistectomía laparoscópica presentó ictericia en el postoperatorio y la colangiografía endoscópica retrógrada demostró un clip en el colédoco. Se planteó la interrogante si existe algún tiempo conocido durante el cual se pudiera retirar un clip o ligadura del colédoco sin que se evidenciara una reacción inflamatoria capaz deproducir fibrosis.
Métodos: Se desarrolló un modelo experimental en perros, realizándose tres series. Una primera serie en que se colocó un clip de titanio en el colédoco, retirándose a los 10 días; una segunda serie en que se realizó retiro del clip a plazos variables dentro de un mes y una tercera serie en que se introdujo una sonda con Iridio-192 tras el retiro del clip al décimo día. Las muestras se enviaron al departamento de Anatomía Patológica.
Resultados: En una primera serie de 10 animales se demostró la existencia de fibrosis a los 10 días de producida la ligadura. En una segunda serie de 10 animales se demuestra que la fibrosis no regresa a pesar de retirar el clip, en un periodo de observación de un mes. En una tercera serie de 10 animales se realizó braquiterapia con Iridio-192 (previa ligadura de colédoco y posterior extracción del clip), de los cuales en tres (3) se demostró disminución de la fibrosis en el plazo de 7 días de irradiación.
Conclusiones: La colocación de un clip en el colédoco no es inocua. Precozmente se desarrolla una reacción inflamatoria que lleva a la instalación de una fibrosis y estenosis a los 10 días de la obstrucción. La braquiterapia con Iridio puede ser útil en disminuir la fibrosis.
Fenómeno de atención lateralizada ante atropellos y colisiones: estudio de sexo y preferencia manual en 425 accidentes de tránsito
Authors: Morales Figueroa César Gabriel , Aboitiz Domínguez Francisco
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: Se relaciona a la corteza prefrontal con la planificación, ejecución, y corrección de conductas a través de ensayo y error. En la conducción vehicular existe integracion de éstas con información de las cortezas de asociación. Estudios demuestran lateralización en dichas cortezas: diferencias interhemisféricas, sexuales e interacción con preferencia manual, asociadas al cuerpo calloso (conectividad interhemisférica).
Hipótesis: No habrán diferencias sexuales o de preferencia manual en la proporción accidentes y atropellos, debido a que sus estímulos (peatón y vehículo, respectivamente) no requieren gran conectividad interhemisférica, por activar sistemas básicos de alerta (formación reticular), poco lateralizados.
Métodos: Se utilizaron cuestionarios recopilando información de accidentes de tránsito en la Region Metropolitana. Se comparó la proporción accidente : atropello en cada grupo.
Resultados: Hubo el doble de colisiones que atropellos. Las mujeres zurdas tienen una proporción mayor de colisiones que el resto de los conductores (p=0.05).
Conclusiones: Los resultados avalan la hipótesis de que estímulos simples no generan diferencias sexuales o de preferencia manual en los conductores.
La injuria oxidativa en hígado y riñón de rata es atenuada a través de la modulación del CYP2E1 por el consumo de vino tinto
Authors: Huerta Bustamante Patricio , Henríquez Huerta Patricio , Castillo Peñaloza Rodrigo , Carrasco Loza Rodrigo , Orellana Myriam , Salinas Ramón
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: El vino protege contra patologias crónicas, gracias a sus propiedades antioxidantes. Sin embargo, la metabolización del etanol realizada en parte por la CYP 2E1 hepática, genera especies reactivas de oxígeno (EROS). El objetivo fue determinar si el consumo de vino atenúa la inducción de la isoenzima CYP 2E1 por etanol en hígado y riñon.
Materiales y método: Ratas fueron tratadas con agua, etanol, vino tinto o vino tinto desalcoholizado por 10 semanas. El contenido de CYP total, CYP 2E1 fue evaluado en la fracción microsomal hepática y renal, y su actividad mediante la oxidación de etanol y p-nitrofenol.
Resultados: El etanol aumentó el CYP total y CYP 2E1, así como la hidroxilación de p-nitrofenol y la oxidación de etanol en ambos ´órganos, efectos atenuados por la administración de vino.
Conclusiones: Los componentes no alcohólicos del vino atenúan la inducción de actividad de CYP 2E1 y el daño oxidativo por EROS que provoca el etanol sobre hígado y riñón de rata.
Los inicios de la Facultad de Medicina en el Instituto Nacional
Authors: Valenzuela Ahumada Fernando , Saavedra Ruiz Daniela , Cruz-Coke M. Ricardo
Published: November 2023

La Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile ha cumplido 170 años, por ello nos hemos remontado a sus inicios, en el Instituto Nacional. Éste, el colegio más antiguo de Chile, se fundó en 1813 mediante la fusión de los establecimientos existentes. Fue cerrado en la Reconquista, y reabierto en 1819, hasta nuestros días. Hubo intentos de abrir la Facultad de Medicina desde un principio, pero solo en 1833 se inauguró de la mano del excelso Dr. Blest. Siguió funcionando entre el Instituto Nacional y el Hospital San Juan de Dios hasta 1839 cuando se traslada todo al Hospital. Duró nueve años dependiendo del Instituto Nacional, hasta que el presidente Prieto en 1842 después de haber cerrado la Universidad de San Felipe creó la Universidad de Chile, cuyo primer rector fue Andrés Bello. Así nace la historia de la primera facultad de Chile.
Tasas de incidencia y caracterización de sarcomas en la provincia de Valdivia (1999-2003)
Authors: Varela C. Sergio , Valenzuela S. Paula , Millares Matías , Carrasco L. Cristián
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: Los sarcomas primarios de hueso y de tejidos blandos son neoplasias infrecuentes. Los sarcomas de tejidos blandos más comunes son fibrohistiocitoma maligno, liposarcoma y leiomiosarcoma, los sarcomas de hueso más comunes son osteosarcoma, condrosarcoma y sarcoma de Ewing. La frecuencia relativa de cada tipo histológicos presenta variaciones etáreas.
Métodos: Identificamos los casos de sarcomas diagnosticados en la provincia de Valdivia en el período 1999-2003, analizando incidencia y características generales.
Resultados: Encontramos una incidencia de entre 2,8-6,2/100.000 hab. Hubo predominio de la población masculina (55%). La edad de presentación promedio fue de 50,4 años. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue  el fibrohistiocitoma maligno y la localización más frecuente fue la visceral.
Discusión: Encontramos similitudes con la literatura internacional en cuanto a incidencia, edad de presentación, tipo histológico más frecuente y tipo de tejido de origen. Se observó diferencias en cuanto a localización anatómica y distribución por sexo.
Estudio de la actividad angiogénica de la lombriz roja californiana (Eisenia foetida)
Authors: Cayupi G. Felipe , Grau C. Luis , Guzmán S. Jorge , Lobo V. Nelson , Lemus David , Fuenzalida Marcela
Published: November 2023

Introducción: La angiogénesis es la ramificación de capilares preexistentes, fundamental en el desarrollo y mantención de estructuras corporales, encontrándose regulada por la proporción entre factores pro y antiangiogénicos. En las últimas décadas se ha usado el fluido celémico de lombriz E. Foetida (EF) como fuente de compuestos biológicamente activos. La membrana alantocoriónica (MAC) de pollo es un modelo muy utilizado para experimentar angiogénesis in vivo y mediante el cual estudiamos la eventual modificación de este proceso por parte del sobrenadante de EF.
Metodología: Se obtuvo sobrenadante de EF mediante la centrifugación a 1000 G y 10000 G del homogenizado de lombriz. Para cada velocidad de centrifugación se realizaron tres diluciones (5%, 1% y 0.1% v/v) procediéndose a la instilación de éstas sobre la MAC de huevos previamente preparados (n=6 c/grupo). Como control se utilizaron huevos instilados con suero fisiológico (n=3). Tras 48 horas de incubación post instilación, se extrajo un trozo de MAC de cada huevo, posterior preparación de muestras histológicas y conteo de vasos sanguíneos presentes mediante microscopía.
Resultados: Los resultados demuestran que el número de vasos sanguíneos se reduce significativamente con el sobrenadante preparado a 1000 G, en sus tres diluciones (p < 0,05), no modificándose con las tres diluciones del sobrenadante preparado a 10000 G.
Conclusiones: La existencia de algún compuesto presente a 1000 G, pero sedimentado a 10000 G de centrifugación, sería responsable del efecto antiangiogénico del sobrenadante de lombriz, que podría usarse como fuente sencilla de sustancias para tratar patologías donde el proceso angiogénico se encuentra aumentado, como cáncer o artritis reumatoide.