bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obesity and Insulin Resistance: A Review of Molecular Interactions
Authors: Yaribeygi Habib , Maleki Mina , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: August 2020

The prevalence of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus is rising globally in
epidemic proportions. Diabetes and its complications contribute to significant morbidity
and mortality. An increase in sedentary lifestyle and consumption of a more energydense
diet increased the incidence of obesity which is a significant risk factor for type 2
diabetes. Obesity acts as a potent upstream event that promotes molecular mechanisms
involved in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. However, the exact molecular
mechanisms between obesity and diabetes are not clearly understood. In the current
study, we have reviewed the molecular interactions between obesity and type 2
diabetes.
Application of Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach for the Optimization of Phase-transfer Catalyzed Biginelli Dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) Synthesis
Authors: Kumar T. Durai Ananda , Swathi N. , Subrahmanyam C.V.S. , Satyanarayana K.
Published: August 2020

The conventional Biginelli synthesis is more cumbersome and produces lower yields. Several
improved methods are reported in the literature to replace the Biginelli catalyst. The design of biocompatible
organic transformation is a major concern and a versatile greener procedure to construct
Biginelli analogs is in great demand. Factorial design guided, energy-efficient, and versatile synthesis
of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones (DHPM) was developed. One-factor-at-a time (OFAT) and factorial
design (23) studies were utilized for screening the independent variables. The optimum levels of
potential variables (benzyl-n-triethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) and glacial acetic acid) were determined
through studies. The factorial design (32) analysis inferred the use of BTEAC (10.25 mol%)
and glacial acetic acid (7.6 ml) as optimal for the 60 min condensation. Thirteen new 3,4-
dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one (DHPM) analogs were synthesized using optimized reaction conditions.
The quaternary ammonium ion of BTEAC stabilizes the polarization of carbonyl group in aryl aldehydes
and enolizable ketone (alkyl acetoacetate) to facilitate the cyclocondensation, in order to produce
DHPMs through N-acyliminium ion and Michael adducts formation. The biocompatible strategy, simple
product isolation (non-chromatographic method), and good to excellent yields are attractive features of
this new protocol. Hence, the newly developed methodology is superior to the literature methods.
Solid State Kinetics and Antimicrobial Studies for Copper (II) Sesame and Copper (II) Groundnut Complexes with Substituted Benzothiazole Ligand
Authors: Meena Asha , Sukhadia Vandana , Sharma Rashmi
Published: August 2020

The aim of this manuscript is to give an overview of new findings in the field of thermal
degradation and antimicrobial studies for copper (II) sesame and copper (II) groundnut complexes with
substituted benzothiazole ligand. Solid state kinetics and thermal degradation have gained the attention
of the scientific community not only due to their numerous applications in environment, energy,
wastewater treatment, pollution control and green chemistry but also due to their wide range of biological
activities. This work aims to explore the study of chemical steps of the investigated degradation
and the evaluation of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the newly synthesized biologically
active complexes (CSBe and CGBe) derived from two different edible oils, i.e., sesame and groundnut
and ligand containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur atoms, i.e., 2-amino-6-ethoxy benzothiazole. The
studies include Coats-Redfern equation (CRE), Horowitz-Metzger equation (HME), Broido equation
(BE) and Piloyan-Novikova equation (PNE) for the analysis of the degradation and energetics for each
step using kinetic data. The observation suggests that CGBe takes a longer time and higher temperature
to decompose completely than CSBe. Antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus of these
compounds have also been analysed which may provide an important account of information about
their industrial utilization. The TGA study reveals that CSBe and CGBe complexes undergo stepwise
thermal degradation of the ligand-soap bond of complex and saturated and unsaturated fatty acid components
of edible oils, i.e., sesame and groundnut. The order of antimicrobial activities of the two complexes
studied is – CSBe > CGBe. These results reveal that the nature of different nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur
containing ligands coordinated with copper ion plays a significant role in the inhibition activity.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Azolla microphylla on Isoproterenol-induced Rats and the Identification of Active Compound through HPTLC and GC-MS Analysis
Authors: Bhaskaran Sreenath K. , Kannappan Poornima , Muneeswari Perumalsamy , Madathil Sri R.
Published: August 2020

Aim:

To study the pretreatment effect of ethanolic extract of Azolla microphylla (EAM)
on rat liver induced with Isoproterenol (ISO) and to identify the phytochemicals present in EAM using
HPTLC and GC-MS techniques.

Materials and Methods:

42 male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups. Rats were pre-treated with
EAM (250 and 500 mg/kg bw) orally for 28 days and induced with ISO (85 mg/kg; intra-peritoneal)
on the 29th and 30th days. Blood and liver samples were collected from all the rats on the 30th day for
biochemical and histopathological observations. HPTLC and GC-MS analyses of EAM were done
using the standard protocols.

Results:

The ISO-induced group of rats displayed a significant decrease in the hepatic tissue level
and activities of total protein and Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT),
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) enzymes, respectively. Moreover, a significant decline in enzymatic and
non-enzymatic antioxidants levels was spotted in the same group. However, EAM pretreatment for
28 days significantly protected the rat liver from the aforementioned alterations. Nevertheless, histopathological
analysis revealed central vein dilation, necrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in
the ISO-induced group, wherein, EAM pretreatment significantly protected the hepatocytes from the
above-mentioned changes indicating its antioxidant and cytoprotective potential. HPTLC analysis
displayed the presence of flavonoids. The GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin in
EAM.

Conclusion:

The overall results suggest that EAM pretreatment possesses an ameliorative effect
against the ISO-induced oxidative damage in the rat hepatocytes.
The Association between Peripheral Blood Cells and the Frailty Syndrome in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Bodolea Constantin , Hiriscau Elisabeta I. , Buzdugan Elena-Cristina , Grosu Alin I. , Stoicescu Laurențiu , Vesa Ștefan , Cauli Omar
Published: August 2020

Background:

Frailty syndrome is characterized by multisystem dysregulation frequently
found in older individuals or even in younger patients with chronic disabling diseases such as cardiovascular
diseases.

Objective:

To determine whether peripheral blood cell count, and its subpopulations, red blood cell and
platelets, morphology and different ratios (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio
and red blood distribution width-to-platelet ratio) are associated with cardiac frail patients, and through
this to improve the prediction of frailty status in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Methods:

An observational, retrospective, cohort study enrolling 179 patients with cardiovascular
disease divided into two groups: non-frail group (100 pts) and frail group (79 pts), a cohort detached
from the Frail.RO study. The frailty was evaluated based on the Fried criteria; haematological markers,
sociodemographic data, and variables related to cardiovascular diseases and comorbidities were also
recorded.

Results:

Lower lymphocytes, platelet count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were significantly
associated with a more severe frailty syndrome. Regarding red blood cells, haemoglobin concentration
and red cell distribution width significantly correlated with the severity of the frailty syndrome. Receiver
operating characteristic curve analysis for these markers associated with the frailty syndrome
revealed an acceptable sensitivity of 66 % and specificity of 65% to identify frail individuals. Malnutrition
and hypercholesterolemia are relevant predictors for identifying frailty in hospitalized cardiovascular
patients.

Conclusion:

The evaluation of peripheral blood cell composition routinely measured in clinical practice
can represent a valuable, but limited indicator, to diagnose frailty syndrome and eventually, the
effects of interventions in frail patients with cardiovascular diseases.
A Novel Long-circulating DOX Liposome: Formulation and Pharmacokinetics Studies
Authors: Xiao Peihong , Zhao Juan , Huang Yi , Jin Rongrong , Tang Zhonglan , Wang Ping , Song Xu , Zhu Hongfei , Yang Zibin , Yu Nie
Published: August 2020

Background:

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a leading chemotherapeutic in cancer treatment
because of its high potency and broad spectrum. Liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®) is the first
FDA-approved PEG-liposomes of DOX for the treatment of over 600,000 cancer patients, and
it can overcome doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and other side effects and prolong life
span. The addition of MPEG2000-DSPE could elevate the total cost of cancer treatment.

Objective:

We intended to prepare a novel DOX liposome that was prepared with inexpensive
materials egg yolk lecithin and Kolliphor HS15, thus allowing it to be much cheaper for clinical
application.

Methods:

DOX liposomes were prepared using the combination of thin-film dispersion ultrasonic
method and ammonium sulfate gradient method and the factors that influenced formulation
quality were optimized. After formulation, particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug loading,
stability, and pharmacokinetics were determined.

Results:

DOX liposomes were near-spherical morphology with the average size of 90 nm and
polydispersity index (PDI) of less than 0.30. The drug loading was up to 7.5%, and the entrapment
efficiency was over 80%. The pharmacokinetic studies showed that free DOX could be
easily removed and the blood concentration of free DOX group was significantly lower than
that of DOX liposomes, which indicated that the novel DOX liposome had a certain sustainedrelease
effect.

Conclusion:

In summary, DOX liposome is economical and easy-prepared with prolonged circulation
time.

Lay Summary:

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a leading chemotherapeutic in cancer treatment because
of its high potency and broad spectrum. Liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®) is the first FDAapproved
PEG-liposomes of DOX to treat over 600.000 cancer patients, overcoming doxorubicin-
induced cardiomyopathy and other side effects and prolonging life span. The addition of
MPEG2000-DSPE could elevate the total cost of cancer treatment. We intend to prepare a novel
DOX liposome prepared with inexpensive materials egg yolk lecithin and Kolliphor HS15, thus
allowing it to be much cheaper for clinical use. The novel DOX liposome is economical and
easy-prepared with prolonged circulation time.
A New Approach for Simplification of Logical Propositions with Two
Propositional Variables Using Truth Tables
Authors: Nabulsi Maher , Hamad Nesreen , Alqatawneh Sokyna
Published: August 2020

Background:

Propositions simplification is a classic topic in discrete mathematics that is applied in different areas of science such as programs development and digital circuits design. Investigating alternative methods
would assist in presenting different approaches that can be used to obtain better results. This paper proposes a new
method to simplify any logical proposition with two propositional variables without using the logical equivalences.

Methods:

This method is based on constructing a truth table for the given proposition, and applying one of the following two concepts: the sum of Minterms or the product of Maxterms which has not been used previously in discrete mathematics, along with five new rules that are introduced for the first time in this work.

Results:

The proposed approach was applied to some examples, where its correctness was verified by applying the
logical equivalences method. Applying the two methods showed that the logical equivalences method cannot give
the simplest form easily; especially if the proposition cannot be simplified, and it cannot assist in determining
whether the obtained solution represent the simplest form of this proposition or not.

Conclusion:

In comparison with the logical equivalences method, the results of all the tested propositions show
that our method is outperforming the current used method, as it provides the simplest form of logical propositions
in fewer steps, and it overcomes the limitations of logical equivalences method.

Originality/value:

This paper fulfils an identified need to provide a new method to simplify any logical proposition with two propositional variables.
Pollen’s contributions to Siberias forests
Authors: Williams Claire , Makhnykina Anastasia
Published: August 2020

How pollen shapes forests and forestry can be illustrated using Siberia’s boreal forests which have historically produced some of the highest pollen concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere. Pollen’s contributions are categorized as follows: 1) forests and timber, 2) nontimber products and services and 3) emerging research at the forest-atmosphere interface. Examples are drawn from Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Pinus sibirica (Siberian stone pine) and Pinus koreansis (Korean pine). Pine pollen is not only vital to timber and nontimber products but it serves as a well-studied model system for atmospheric studies.
Análisis de la Supervivencia de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca en la Sierra Norte de Ecuador entre los años 2015 y 2020
Authors: Gudiño Gomezjurado Alvaro Francisco , Gudiño Gomezjurado Marco Esteban
Published: August 2020

La insuficiencia cardíaca constituye una de las causas más importantes de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial. En países en vías de desarrollo existe escasa evidencia respecto al pronóstico de esta enfermedad. Por este motivo el presente estudio tiene como objetivo establecer las causas más importantes de insuficiencia cardíaca y determinar la supervivencia en función de su etiología en pacientes diagnosticados con insuficiencia cardíaca en un Hospital General de segundo nivel ecuatoriano. Se efectuó un estudio mono céntrico, retrospectivo, de prevalencia, en 284 pacientes ambulatorios, con diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardíaca, durante los años 2015-2020. Las diferencias entre los subgrupos se analizaron estadísticamente mediante pruebas de ANOVA y se realizó el análisis de supervivencia por el método actuarial y regresión de Cox. La principal causa de insuficiencia cardíaca fue la hipertensiva (55,5%), seguida de la etiología isquémica (20,8%). El análisis de supervivencia evidenció que la sobrevida global a 5 años fue del 17%, con tiempo promedio de vida de 3,46 años. La principal causa de insuficiencia cardíaca entre los pacientes fue la hipertensiva y la supervivencia global a 5 años es inferior a la reportada en otros estudios.
Leptospirosis con Síndrome de Weil que debutan con apendicitis aguda. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Vélez Páez Jorge Luis , Tercero Martínez Wendy Milagros , López Rondón Edgar Fernando , Rueda Barragán Fernando Enrique , Guerrero Agila Verónica Soledad
Published: August 2020

La leptospirosis es una zoonosis de distribución mundial. Su forma clínicamente más grave se denomina Síndrome de Weil, el cual se caracteriza por generar un impacto sistémico multiorgánico severo y frecuentemente fatal. Numerosos animales salvajes y domésticos constituyen el reservorio y se transforman en portadores asintomáticos, siendo fuente de infección hacia los humanos. El diagnóstico se basa en la sospecha clínica y epidemiológica, confirmándose con estudios serológicos. El tratamiento es sintomático, y con antibióticos dirigidos. A continuación, se presenta un caso de una leptospirosis que se presenta con apendicitis aguda con compromiso orgánico severo no consecuente con la patología abdominal inicial.
Infiltración Linfocitaria de Jessner-Kanof. Reporte de un caso.
Authors: Nieto Jiménez Adrian Isacc
Published: August 2020

Se presenta una paciente de raza blanca, de 48 años de edad, valorada en el servicio de Dermatología, refiriendo una mancha roja y escamosa en forma de línea en la frente de 1 año de evolución, que en ocasiones se acompañaba de ardor. Había utilizado varios tratamientos médicos sin mejoría, por lo que acude a nuestro servicio. Fue valorada y examinada detenidamente y se plantearon como diagnósticos probables: una Esclerodermia lineal, un Lupus Eritematoso Fijo Discoide Crónico y una Infiltración Linfocitaria de Jessner. Se realizó biopsia cutánea que confirmó que se trataba de una Infiltración Linfocitaria de Jessner-Kanof. Esta entidad es muy rara y controvertida. Se instauró tratamiento con antipalúdicos con mejoría total del cuadro cutáneo.
Use of natural diatoms for drug delivery
Authors: Castro Dario , Cuasquer Joselyn , Chavez Eva
Published: August 2020

Diatoms are microalgae organisms that have a cover of silica, with a fascinating ordered porous structure that varies in size, giving them some different characteristics. Because of their different size, shape, and structure, it has incredible properties, letting them be capable of been functionalized with other particles. Therefore, due to the ordered pore structure, the high surface area, biocompatibility, availability, and low processing cost, they present a growing potential for drug delivery when talking about silica materials, natural and synthetic, not to mention that is less expensive and a green alternative.
Molecular identification of Shiitake [Lentinula edodes Berk (Pegler)] and production of secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential
Authors: Durán-Rivera Byron , Rojas-Rodas Felipe , Silva-López Wilber , Gómez-Suárez Crhistian , Castro-Restrepo Dagoberto
Published: August 2020

The Shitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is the second most-consumed mushroom in the world; in Colombia, it is cultivated and commercialized on a small scale in some supermarkets. Little is known about the precedence, nutritional and medicinal properties of Shiitake produced in Colombia. In this study, four shiitake isolates were grown in Colombia (LEUCO1, LEUCO2, LEUCO3, and LEUCO4) were sequenced in their ITS genes and evaluated for the production of three medicinal metabolites, eritadenine, ergotioneine and β-glucans (1,3-1, 6), using submerged culture. Genetic analysis revealed that all the isolates were close and related to the Japanese strain Cr62. LEUCO1 and LEUCO2 showed a distance of 0.000, as well as LEUCO3 and LEUCO4. All four isolates produced erythadenin in a range of 26.3-8.6 mg / L, with the best performance of LEUCO1 at 26.3 mg / L (p <0.05). Ergotioneine was produced with similar statistical yields in all the isolates with an average of 0.7 mg / g of dry weight biomass (DW). Β-glucans (1.3-1.6) were produced with yields of 5.6 - 3.8% of DW biomass, with the best values ​​for LEUCO2 and the lowest for LEUCO4 (p <0.05). In conclusion, we identified low genetic diversity in the four isolates, corresponding to two haplotypes with minimal genetic difference between them, related to the Japanese strain Cr62, indicating that Colombian farmers cultivate almost the same strains of shitake. Secondary metabolites, eritadenine, β-glucans and ergotioneine were found in promising yields useful for the pharmaceutical and food industries. More studies should be conducted to improve the yield of shitake metabolites through new growing conditions for industrial production and to find metabolic pathways and related genes.
Metodología para calcular la amplitud y orientación espacial del vector total de cada onda electrocardiográfica en cuadrúpedos
Authors: Pompa Núñez Alberto , Pompa Rodríguez Dania Yusimí
Published: August 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer la metodología para calcular la ubicación espacial del Vector eléctrico Total (VT) que genera a cada onda electrocardiográfica en cuadrúpedos, a partir de la lectura de su correspondiente amplitud en 3 derivaciones monopolares. Se utilizaron 100 bovinos de uno y de otro sexo de la raza Holstein, clínicamente sanos y de todas las categorías. Las derivaciones monopolares empleadas en el plano xy fueron V1C, V2E, V2C y en el eje z perpendicular a este plano, la V10. A partir de los datos de amplitud leídos en el electrocardiograma (ECG) se realizó el análisis vectorial para ubicar, espacialmente, el vector total de cada onda P, T, Q y R. Fueron adoptados como referencia los ejes x, y, z, lo que constituye un Sistema Triaxial de Análisis Vectorial (STAV). Se concluye que con la metodología establecida se puede calcular la orientación espacial del vector total de cada una de las ondas electrocardiográficas en los cuadrúpedos, a partir de los valores de amplitud leídos en tres derivaciones monopolares y determinar los cambios en la dirección y sentido de los impulsos eléctricos en el miocardio, lo cual es un factor importante para el diagnóstico de las alteraciones cardíacas. Las causas de la gran variabilidad en la polaridad y morfología de las ondas en una extensa zona de la superficie corporal y de una limitada región en las que todas son igualmente estables se debe al sentido discordante en que se dirigen sus respectivos vectores.
Seasonal abundance and distribution of phytoplankton in Tanintharyi coastal waters, southern Myanmar
Authors: Gyi Khin Khin , Thuzar Nwe Wint , Zaw Zin Zin , San Khin Khin
Published: August 2020

The seasonal abundance and distribution of phytoplankton along the Tanintharyi coastal waters were investigated for 24 months from June 2013 to June 2015. A wide fluctuation in cell abundance 72,450-714,396 cells/l at Kawthaung, 47,416-947,501 cells/l at Myeik, 8,930-28,439 cells/l at Kampani, 8,976-17,888 cells/l at Ye and 5,162-16,986 cells/l at Setse were noted during the study period. Amongst, Kawthaung and Myeik stations had the highest phytoplankton abundance, whereas Ye and Setse stations showed remarkably lower abundance. It was noted that Ye and Setse stations were much influenced by freshwater discharge from the Thanlwin River, which deposited huge tons of sediments. The water clarity was lower at these stations compare with others. Therefore, turbidity may affect the occurrence and species abundance of phytoplankton. A clear seasonal trend was found at all five stations with a sharp increase in the pre-monsoon months and a gradual decrease in the monsoon and post-monsoon periods. Keywords: phytoplankton, Tanintharyi, water clarity, turbidity,
Sun ultraviolet radiation in Ibarra, Ecuador and its relation to vitamin D synthesis
Authors: Salum Graciela M. , Echeverría Ortíz Paola P. , Pereira Carillo Jackeline P. , Villalba Meneses Gandhi F. , Piacentini Rubén D.
Published: August 2020

In the present work, we determined the necessary time to unchain the synthesis of vitamin D for a phototype II skin in Ibarra, Ecuador. In a specific sky situation, the range of exposure time at Sun radiation is 4 to 6 minutes depending on the month of the year, but with clouds, it is needed about 70% more exposure time. This time range is easily reached in normal conditions, but during a lockdown period, as in pandemic situations like the COVID 19 one or for people that need to live, work or study inside, if they are exposed to the direct Sun for the minutes indicated above, they will have a natural vitamin D supplement that will improve its health.
Excessive Smartphone Use and Self-Esteem Among Adults With Internet Gaming Disorder: Quantitative Survey Study
Authors: Kim Hyunmin , Choi In Young , Kim Dai-Jin
Published: August 2020

Background

Smartphone overuse can harm individual health and well-being. Although several studies have explored the relationship between problematic or excessive smartphone use and mental health, much less is known about effects on self-esteem, which is essential in having a healthy life, among adults with mental health disorders, including internet gaming disorder. Furthermore, given that smartphone usage differs by gender, little is known about gender differences in the relationship between smartphone overuse and self-esteem.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess self-esteem among individuals with mental health disorders and explore the relationship with excessive smartphone use.

Methods

Participants were selected based on their responses to the internet gaming disorder assessment, which includes 9 items developed based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) criteria, from among a Korean cohort of smartphone users aged 20-40 years, resulting in a sample of 189 participants (men:120, women: 69). The Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale were utilized to assess the outcome self-esteem with excessive smartphone use as the primary independent variable. Guided by the Bowlby attachment theory and prior studies, we selected several covariates. Generalized linear regression analyses, as well as subgroup analyses by gender, were performed.

Results

Among adults with internet gaming disorder, the average Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score was significantly higher in women than that in men (41.30 vs. 37.94; P=.001), and excessive smartphone use was significantly more prevalent in women than it was in men (30.43% vs. 20.83%; P=.02). Our findings from the generalized linear regression analyses indicated that an increase in Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score had a negative relationship with self-esteem among those with internet gaming disorder (β=–0.18, P=.001). Furthermore, our interaction models showed that, among those with internet gaming disorder, more men than women had lower self-esteem associated with an increase in Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale score and a high degree of smartphone overuse (β=–0.19, P=.004; β=–3.73, P<.001).

Conclusions

Excessive smartphone use was found to be adversely associated with self-esteem among young and middle-aged adults with internet gaming disorder; notably, more men than women were negatively influenced (regarding self-esteem) by smartphone overuse. Based on our findings, more efforts should be made to reduce excessive or problematic smartphone use by considering developing public health interventions or policy, particularly among those with mental health disorders such as internet gaming disorder.
Characteristics and Outcomes of a Sample of Patients With COVID-19 Identified Through Social Media in Wuhan, China: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Dong , Wang Yuyan , Wang Juan , Liu Jue , Yue Yongjie , Liu Wenjun , Zhang Fuhai , Wang Ziping
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The number of deaths worldwide caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is increasing rapidly. Information about the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 who were not admitted to hospital is limited. Some risk factors of mortality associated with COVID-19 are controversial (eg, smoking). Moreover, the impact of city closure on mortality and admission rates is unknown.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors of mortality associated with COVID-19 infection among a sample of patients in Wuhan whose conditions were reported on social media.

METHODS

We enrolled 599 patients with COVID-19 from 67 hospitals in Wuhan in the study; 117 of the participants (19.5%) were not admitted to hospital. The demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and radiological features of the patients were extracted from their social media posts and coded. Telephone follow-up was conducted 1 month later (between March 15 and 23, 2020) to check the clinical outcomes of the patients and acquire other relevant information.

RESULTS

The median age of patients with COVID-19 who died (72 years, IQR 66.5-82.0) was significantly higher than that of patients who recovered (61 years, IQR 53-69, P<.001). We found that lack of admission to hospital (odds ratio [OR] 5.82, 95% CI 3.36-10.1; P<.001), older age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06-1.1; P<.001), diffuse distribution (OR 11.09, 95% CI 0.93-132.9; P=.058), and hypoxemia (odds ratio 2.94, 95% CI 1.32-6.6; P=.009) were associated with increasing odds of death. Smoking was not significantly associated with mortality risk (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.44-1.85; P=.78).

CONCLUSIONS

Older age, diffuse distribution, and hypoxemia are factors that can help clinicians identify patients with COVID-19 who have poor prognosis. Our study suggests that aggregated data from social media can also be comprehensive, immediate, and informative in disease prognosis.
Factors Affecting Public Adoption of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment Information During an Infodemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Han Yangyang , Jiang Binshan , Guo Rui
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

With the spread of COVID-19, an infodemic is also emerging. In public health emergencies, the use of information to enable disease prevention and treatment is incredibly important. Although both the information adoption model (IAM) and health belief model (HBM) have their own merits, they only focus on information or public influence factors, respectively, to explain the public’s intention to adopt online prevention and treatment information.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to fill this gap by using a combination of the IAM and the HBM as the framework for exploring the influencing factors and paths in public health events that affect the public’s adoption of online health information and health behaviors, focusing on both objective and subjective factors.

METHODS

We carried out an online survey to collect responses from participants in China (N=501). Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate items, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to calculate construct reliability and validity. The goodness of fit of the model and mediation effects were analyzed.

RESULTS

The overall fitness indices for the model developed in this study indicated an acceptable fit. Adoption intention was predicted by information characteristics (β=.266, P<.001) and perceived usefulness (β=.565, P<.001), which jointly explained nearly 67% of the adoption intention variance. Information characteristics (β=.244, P<.001), perceived drawbacks (β=–.097, P=.002), perceived benefits (β=.512, P<.001), and self-efficacy (β=.141, P<.001) jointly determined perceived usefulness and explained about 81% of the variance of perceived usefulness. However, social influence did not have a statistically significant impact on perceived usefulness, and self-efficacy did not significantly influence adoption intention directly.

CONCLUSIONS

By integrating IAM and HBM, this study provided the insight and understanding that perceived usefulness and adoption intention of online health information could be influenced by information characteristics, people’s perceptions of information drawbacks and benefits, and self-efficacy. Moreover, people also exhibited proactive behavior rather than reactive behavior to adopt information. Thus, we should consider these factors when helping the informed public obtain useful information via two approaches: one is to improve the quality of government-based and other official information, and the other is to improve the public’s capacity to obtain information, in order to promote truth and fight rumors. This will, in turn, contribute to saving lives as the pandemic continues to unfold and run its course.
Design and Deployment of E-Health System in Perspective of Developing Countries: Machine Learning Based Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Mohamed Mohamad Afendee , Rahman Zishan Md Saniat , Ahasan Rabiul , Hossain Chowdhury Akram , Sharun Siti Maryam
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

We are living in a world where data science and machine learning is tightening its grasp on many sectors of modern life. The medical sector is not an exception. In developing countries, healthcare is one of the domains that need immediate attention. Due to the lack of manpower and technical resources, a large number of people in these regions do not receive proper medical care. Designing an E-health system with the help of machine learning and web technologies would be a great aid in such circumstances.

OBJECTIVE

This proposed E-health System will assist the medical professionals in determining diseases. Moreover, the system will be also helpful for the patients to check whether they have been diagnosed correctly. Based on their diagnosis results they can get medical specialist recommendation and medicine suggestions from the system. The automation of identifying the diseases and suggestion models with the help of machine learning will be cost-efficient and time-saving compared to the traditional methods. The main objective of this E-health system is to provide health care with the help of sustainable and realistic machine learning technologies.

METHODS

In this research, for the disease identification part, machine learning techniques have been applied to identify three diseases which are Dengue, Diabetes, and Thyroid. Decision Tree, Gaussian Naive-Bayes, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, k-Nearest Neighbors, Multilayer Perceptron, and Support Vector Machine Classifiers have been used for all three diseases. The E-health system comprised of disease identification model, medical specialist recommendation model, and the medicine suggestion model has been deployed on the web. The medical specialist recommendation model and the medicine suggestion model results are based on the finding of the disease identification model. Any user can insert their disease-specific data to use these three features of the E-health system.

RESULTS

For the disease identification model, Multilayer Perceptron for Dengue, Logistic Regression for Diabetes, and Random Forest for Thyroid performed the best with accuracies of 88.3%, 82.5%, and 98.5% respectively. These classifiers also showed good precision, recall, and F1 score.

CONCLUSIONS

The E-health system has performed well with real-time data. By making the dataset more enriched, the disease identification model will be more robust and thorough. Moreover, usability and acceptance tests can help us in finding different real-time scenarios of the E-health system.
Critical Factors in Containing COVID-19: Lessons from Selected Countries
Authors: Kakonge Amb. Dr. John O.
Published: August 2020

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has affected over 190 countries. In responding to the pandemic, countries around the world have developed their own containment strategies, with varying degrees of success: some have achieved nearly total success in containing the disease, while others have seen a constant rise in infections and deaths. The successful countries have evidenced common responses and strategies, linked in large part to a firm commitment by their leaders to confront the pandemic matched by a strong sense of social cohesion by the countries’ citizens. This paper explores five factors that have been critical to the progress achieved in containing the coronavirus in a few selected countries and their lessons for Kenya and other African countries.
Problematizar la tecnología en México: Ramos, Lombardo y Zea
Authors: Barrón Tovar José Francisco , López López Diego Fernando
Published: August 2020

Este artículo pretende ser el primer paso de una genealogía sobre cómo se ha pensado y planteado el problema de lo tecnológico en el ejercicio filosófico mexicano del siglo XX. En el texto se analiza y problematiza la manera como la cuestión tecnológica ha sido elaborada discursivamente por tres pensadores mexicanos de la primera mitad del siglo XX: Samuel Ramos, Vicente Lombardo Toledano y Leopoldo Zea. Se busca exponer y evaluar brevemente los sentidos y las valoraciones que estos tres pensadores dan a lo técnico y la tecnología en los textos y en las maneras en que los abordaron. Este artículo busca mostrar cómo en estos tres filósofos mexicanos la cuestión tecnológica se ha tratado hasta ahora como un tópico accesorio a cuestiones que valoran como verdaderos problemas filosóficos. Se mostrará que ello permite vislumbrar algunas razones por las que no existe aún en el ejercicio institucional de la filosofía mexicana el área de filosofía de la tecnología.
Nietzsche, Heidegger y los maestros de la comedia de la existencia
Authors: Morales Domínguez Mario Alberto
Published: August 2020

El objetivo de este texto es ofrecer una visión de la academia que vaya más allá de las dinámicas del capital, dando cuenta de la pertinencia de la filosofía dentro de las universidades. Para hacerlo, en primer lugar, situaremos nuestro contexto posterior a la muerte de Dios anunciada por Nietzsche. Con esto en mente, rescataremos los planteamientos de Heidegger en La autoafirmación de la Universidad alemana. Posteriormente, a la propuesta heideggeriana de la filosofía como eje de las disciplinas universitarias se le dará un giro nietzscheano, integrando la jovialidad en su quehacer. A lo largo de todo el texto, con ayuda de algunos pensadores contemporáneos como Jean-Luc Nancy, Jacques Derrida, Stephen Melville e Iain Thomas, haremos entonces un llamado a la configuración de un tipo de filosofía en la actualidad que asuma el riesgo que comporta hacerse cargo de la existencia en su vaivén permanente, entre tragedia y comedia, entre razón y sinrazón. Finalmente, daremos cuenta de la forma en que el capital se apropia del sinsentido de la existencia, llenándolo con razones y medidas. Por lo tanto, concluiremos que sólo desde la multiplicidad de las voces en torno a estas cuestiones existenciales es que podremos hacer frente al actual sistema de mercado y su tendencia a co-optar todos nuestros saberes.
Intencionalidad, pre-reflexión e imaginario: sobre los fundamentos de la fenomenología existencial de Jean-Paul Sartre
Authors: González Araneda Sergio
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo describir una síntesis de los fundamentos, conceptos y principios que articulan y otorgan sentido a la fenomenología existencial de Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980), estableciendo como eje central de investigación su trabajo y producción fenomenológica. Para cumplir este objetivo general, en primer lugar, se revisará el concepto de intencionalidad, a la luz del distanciamiento que toma nuestro autor respecto del padre de la fenomenología Edmund Husserl (1859-1938). Esto servirá como suelo de sentido para nuestro segunda labor, a saber: revisar y analizar la íntima relación entre la reformulación de la intencionalidad, la preeminencia ontológica del cogito pre-reflexivo y la constitución de lo imaginario. Es importante realizar este paso, pues, como se verá, resulta fundamental para el devenir de la filosofía sartriana. De este modo, podremos acercarnos a nuestro tercer objetivo, sostener y profundizar nuestro análisis hacia la tesis más radical en el pensamiento de Jean-Paul Sartre, a saber: la absoluta libertad de una conciencia existente. Finalmente, proponemos una sintética revisión a los preceptos principales de la fenomenología existencial sartriana, destacando sus nexos con los conceptos abordados a lo largo de la investigación. Es decir, revisaremos la relación entre lo que Jean-Paul Sartre denomina pour-soi, en-soi y néantisation.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI BIDANG STUDI PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN
Authors: Suhardiyansyah Muhammad Yunan , Budiono Budiono , Widodo Rohmad
Published: August 2020

Research conducted at SMAN 9 Malang about, (1) Implementation of CharacterEducation by Study of Citizenship, (2) Describe the constraints faced, (3) Describe solution made in the implementation of Character Education by Study Of Citizenship. This research uses the nearing of qualitative research. Where researchers directly to collecting information related to the title of the study. The collection of data obtained from observation, interview, and documentation. As for the target of information are principal, waka kurikulum, waka student, teacher Citizenship Education, and the student of SMAN 9 Malang. Indicate thatthe results of research in Citizenship Education in SMAN 9 Malang loading about Character Education and devolep values’s character that exist in the state ideology that is Pancasila, strategic Citizenship Education teachers of SMAN 9 Malang are with model. Habituation or reinforcement. Evaluation is conducted by the Citizenship Education teacher at SMAN 9 are cognitive, affective and psychomotor student. Values in Citizenship Education also developed in school extracurriculier activities such as extracurricular activities paskibra in SMAN 9 Malang which also inserts character education such as discipline, responbility,independence, and nationalist. It’s just that in practice there are still constraints such as there are still a few of student who make mischief in school, many teacher and students who come school late. From the times or the impact that the school conducted globalisasi. The solution of the schools that model, an awareness of the self, the role of parents.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN BUDI PEKERTI PADA SISWA
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Nurhadi Nurhadi , Mansur M
Published: August 2020

Character education is an educational process aimed at learners to develop the values, attitudes, and behaviours that emit noble character or noble character. Research with the aim of, (1) To describe the implementation of character education to students at SMPN 5 Malang; (2) To describe the form of school activities in the implementation of character education to students at SMPN 5 Malang; (3) To explain the constraints faced in the implementation ofcharacter education to students at SMPN 5 Malang; (4) To explain a solution that is made to overcome the obstacles to implementation of character education to students at SMPN 5 Malang. This study uses qualitative research techniques. Researchers directly involved in collecting information related to their topic. The collection of data obtained by observation techniques, interviewing techniques, and technical documentation. The informant information that needs to be explored is the principal SMPN5 Malang, Student representatives, IslamicTeachers, PPKn Teachers, and class 7, 8, and 9. Then the data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the implementation of character education to students in Junior High School 5 Malang to implement school culture that prays together, implement 5S, flag ceremonies and manners of incorporating the materials into every subject. Form of school activities in the field of religion is Imtaq, Khotmil Qur’an, and commemorating religious holidays. Field of self-development and winning personality to hold extracurricular,flag ceremony, student council activities and comply with regulations. And social fields which carry out social service. Constraints on the internal factors that character education lessons were removed, and students are still unstable, external factors are the impact of globalization, parents and children often indulge milieu wrong. The solution is to provide guidance that provide insight, training and supervision, teachers set a good example, providing facilitiessupporting character education and establish good communication between parents and the school. The conclusion that the implementation of character education to students at SMPN 5 Malang to implement and incorporate the material culture of the school moral and character are integrated into each subject. School events that shape the field of religion, self-development field and superior personality, and social areas. The obstacles are internal factors and external factors. And solutions to overcome these obstacles is to provide guidance, teachers give good example, providing character education support facilities and establish excellent communication between parents and the school.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KARAKTER MAHASISWA MELALUI KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Nurizka Rian , Lukitoaji Beny Dwi
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine efforts to improve student character through education policy. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. This research can be classified in the category of field research. Data collection used in this study uses observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data analysis in this study is data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of the study show that the PGSD study program policy in its efforts to improve student character is by character education strategy, namely the development of an educational unit culture through a policy of using uniform and point cards. Co-curricular character education strategy through the activities of the learning media competition festival and the PGSD Award. Extracurricular character education strategy through Scouting and Kepalangmerahan activities. Character values obtained include discipline in dress, culture, love for the homeland, a spirit of national responsibility, active in activities, creative
ANALISIS KEDUDUKAN FUNGSI LEGISLASI ANGGOTA DPRD PEREMPUAN DALAM PENENTUAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK DI DPRD KOTA BATU PERIODE 2014-2019
Authors: Kurnia Putri Triana , Budiono Budiono
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) kedudukan fungsi legislasi anggota perempuan di DPRD Kota Batu Periode 2014-2019 dalam penentuan kebijakan publik; (2) Faktor yang mengahmbat pelaksanaan fungsi legislasi perempuan di DPRD Kota Batu Periode 2014-2019 dalam penentuan kebijakan publik. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan di DPRD Kota Batu pada bulan April sampai dengan bulain Mei 2019. Subjek penelitian antara lain seluruh anggota legislatif perempuan DPRD Kota Batu periode 2014-2019. Pengumpulan dilakukan melalui observasi langsung, mendokumentasikan kegiatan serta melakukan wawancara dengan informan. Prosedur analisis data melalui tahapan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi data. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan prosedur tringangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: (1) anggota perempuan di DPRD Kota Batu periode 2014-2019 memiliki kedudukan yang sama dengan anggota dewan laki-laki, hal demikian terlihat dalam melaksanakan fungsi legislasi antara perempuan dan laki-laki memiliki keterlibatan yang sama atas kedudukan serta peran yang sama dalam keterlibatan menyuarakan pendapat. (2) Faktor yang menghambat pelaksanaan fungsi legislasi yakni adanya kesalah pahaman antara anggota dewan dengan masyarakat terkait isi dari konten perda, kesalahpahaman antara anggota legislatif dengan anggota eksekutif, kendala waktu, serta kepentingan politik yang sangat menonjol antar anggota dewan.
Analisis Dekadensi Moral Dalam Proses Pembelajaran PPKn di SMP Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah 3 Kota Malang
Authors: Nurcahya Dea Kantri
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) bentuk dekadensi moral dalam proses pembelajaran PPKn; (2) faktor penyebab terjadinya dekadensi moral; dan (3) cara mengatasi dekadensi moral. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan di SMP Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah 3 Kota Malang dari Agustus 2018 sampai April 2019. Subjek penelitian antara lain Guru BK, Guru PPKn dan Siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis melalui tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Tahap akhir adalah menguji keabsahan data dengan prosedur Triangulasi Teknik. Hasil penelitian (1) Berupa telat, ramai, tertidur, tidak mendengarkan guru, mencontek, kurang disiplin, kurang sopan, terlambat mengumpulkan tugas. (2) Faktor penyebab yakni faktor global dan faktor spesifik, faktor global meliputi faktor cari perhatian, broken home, latar belakang keluarga menengah kebawah, pergaulan, globalisasi, sedangkan faktor spesifik yakni faktor saling menggoda siswa, tidak membawa buku pelajaran, malas dan kurang semangat, dan jam pelajaran yang salah. (3) Solusi mengatasi dekadensi moral yaitu guru menasehati siswa, siswa diberikan hukuman yang bersifat mendidik, dan apabila sudah terlampau fatal siswa diajak berembuk dengan guru disertai campur tangan BK dan Wali Kelas setelah itu diselesaikan dengan Kepala Sekolah dan siswa disuruh shalat taubat.