bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copernicus as Chapter Administrator
of the Olsztyn Distri
Authors: Bogdan Danuta
Published: March 2021

Do 1530 r. administrator dóbr wspólnych kapituły (Administrator bonorum communium Venerabilis
Capituli Warmiensis) musiał łączyć nadzór nad dwoma komornictwami: olsztyńskim i melzackim. Funkcję tę
Kopernik pełnił dwukrotnie, najpierw przez trzy lata: od 8 listopada 1516 do 8 listopada 1519 r., a następnie przez
rok: od listopada 1520 do czerwca 1521 r. Administrator zarządzał kapitulnymi folwarkami, ściągał czynsze ze
wsi, osadzał chłopów na opuszczonych gospodarstwach, a także dbał o funkcjonowanie zamku i jego obronność.
Był też najwyższym sędzią i dowódcą obrony swojego okręgu. Administrator współdziałał ze starostą olsztyńskim, a w sprawach dotyczących wsi dobierał sobie kilku sołtysów pełniących jednocześnie w komornictwach
funkcję ławników ziemskich (Landschöppen).
W 1517 r. Kopernik opracował pierwszą wersję rozprawy na tematy ekonomiczne; są to spisane po łacinie
Meditata, na bazie której powstał w 1519 r. w języku niemieckim memoriał skierowany do stanów Prus Królewskich – tzw. Traktat o monetach (Tractatus e monetis), wygłoszony w marcu 1522 r.
Gdy w połowie października 1520 r. wojska Albrechta wtargnęły na obszar środkowej Warmii do
dymisji podał się administrator kapitulny Jan Krapitz, a funkcję zarządcy komornictwa powierzono Mikołajowi
Kopernikowi, który rozpoczął przygotowania do obrony miasta i olsztyńskiego zamku, organizując zakup broni
i żywności.
Po złożeniu urzędu administratora kapitulnego w początkach czerwca 1521 r. Kopernik występował z tytułem Komisarza Warmii „Warmiae commissarius” (20 VIII 1521), pełniąc tę ważną funkcję reprezentanta części
kapitulnej w okresie rozejmu polsko-krzyżackiego.
Gyümölcsjoghurtok eltarthatóságának vizsgálata az ízesítőanyagok kezeléseinek függvényében
Authors: Kapcsándi Viktória , Hanczné Lakatos Erika
Published: March 2021

A tej és a tejtermékek az emberiség táplálkozásának egyik alapját képezik értékes összetevőik és kellemes érzékszervi tulajdonságaik miatt. Kutatásaink célja volt azt vizsgálni, hogy a különböző hőkezelési eljárások (mikrohullámú sugárzás, aszalás), hogyan befolyásolják a tejtermékek (joghurt) eltarthatóságát mikrobiológiai vonatkozásban. Méréseink során a termékek előállításánál felhasznált ízesítőanyagok (alma, banán) eltérő hőkezelési paramétereinek hatását vizsgáltuk a termékek mikrobiológiai tulajdonságaira és ezáltal annak eltarthatóságára nézve. Kísérleteink során az adalékanyagok kezelési formáiként a hagyományos aszalásos (55 °C, 24 óra) és a mikrohullámú sugárzásos technológiát (800 W, 55 °C, 10 perc) alkalmaztunk. Összehasonlításokat végeztünk mikrobiológiai paraméterek tekintetében (összcsíraszám, élesztő/penész-szám és E. coli/coliform-szám). Eredményeink alapján úgy véljük, hogy az aszalásos eljárás abban az esetben biztosíthat mikrobiológiai biztonságot élelmiszer előállítása során, ha a berendezésben keringő levegő megfelelő higiéniai tulajdonságokkal bír. A mikrohullámú sugárzási technológia az élelmiszerek – jelen esetben gyümölcsök - esetében sikeresen alkalmazható mikrobák gátlására. Ugyanaz a kezelési paraméter azonban nem alkalmazható különböző gyümölcsök esetén.
IDENTIFIKASI TUMBUHAN PAKU DI JALUR KAMPUNG EMPAT – KAMPUNG ENAM KOTA TARAKAN
Authors:   Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Fitriani Fitriani , Aprianita Aprianita , Tandi Martina S.
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melaksanakan pendataan jenis tumbuhan paku di daerah pemukiman warga di jalur Kampung Empat –Kampung Enam, Tarakan. Tumbuhan paku yang ditemukan sebanyak 11 spesies tumbuhan paku yang terdiri dari 5 famili. Famili terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah Polypodiaceae sebanyak 5 spesies. Kemudian famili terbanyak kedua adalah Lygodiaceae sebanyak 3 spesies. Famili selanjutnya adalah Aspleniaceae, Davalliaceae dan Pteridaceae, yang masing-masing ditemukan 1 spesies.
STUDI MORFOLOGI DAN FENETIK TAKSONOMI IKAN INTRODUKSI KHAS TELAGA SARI, PASURUAN
Authors:   Jurusan Biologi FMIPA, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Rahayu Dwi Anggorowati , Nugroho Endik Deni ,   Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Listyorini Dwi ,   Jurusan Biologi FMIPA, Universitas Negeri Malang
Published: March 2021

Anggota Famili Poeciliidae merupakan ikan introduksi dengan karakteristik berukuran kecil, live-bearers, dimorfi seksual dari segi ukuran tubuh, pola warna dan struktur gonopodium sebagai ciri diagnostik pada ikan jantan. Ikan ini berperan sebagai pengontrol perkembangan nyamuk malaria dan model pembelajaran biologi. Sejauh ini kajian taksonomi dan penelusuran hubungan kekerabatan didalam famili Poeciliidae belum ada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis, kekerabatan dan pengelompokkan berdasarkan karakter morfologi (morfometrik, meristrik, gonopodium dan ciri diagnostiknya). Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksploratif, dengan pendekatan survey. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan tiga spesies ikan Poeciliidae yaitu Xiphoporus helleri, Poecilia mexicana dan Poecilia reticulata. Dendogram hasil analisis morfologi menggunakan metode UPGMA diperoleh dua kelompok percabangan apomorfi yaitu kelompok Genus Xiphoporus dan Genus Poecilia. Sub Clade automorfi antara Xiphoporus helerri A dan B dengan nilai kesamaan 92%. Pengelompokkan ikan Poeciliidae dibedakan berdasarkan lima karakter utama terpilih yaitu: SL (standart length), Hdl (Panjang kepala), Panjang gonopodium, panjang sirip ekor dan PreDL (Panjang sebelum sirip dorsal).Kejelasan identifikasi ikan introduksi khas Telaga Sari menjadi modal utama dalam aquaculture, manajemen, konservasi, biodiversitas dan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN POP-UPSNAKES AND LADDERS PADA MATERI ARCHAEBACTERIA DAN EUBACTERIA KELAS X SMA/MA DI DAERAH PERBATASAN
Authors:   Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Novianti Nilam , Nugroho Endik Deni ,   Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Ilma Silfia ,   Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Borneo Tarakan
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan media pembelajaran Pop-up Snakes and Ladders pada materi Archaebacteria dan Eubacteria untuk kelas X SMA/MA di daerah perbatasan berdasarkan ahli materi, ahli media, ahli praktisi dan respon siswa. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D) yang mengacu pada model 4-D (four D) yang dikembangkan oleh Thiagarajan, dkk. 1974. Model ini meliputi tahap pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design), pengembangan (develop) dan penyebaran (disseminate). Namun dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengembangkan sampai tahap D yang ketiga, yaitu tahap develop dikarenakan keterbatasan waktu dan biaya.Hasil analisis validasi ahli materi diperoleh presentase sebesar 93,25% dengan kategori sangat layak. Analisis ahli media diperoleh presentase sebesar 83% dengan kategori sangat layak. Sedangkan ahli praktisi diperoleh presentase sebesar 88% dengan kategori sangat layak. Dari hasil analisis data secara keseluruhan, maka dapat disimpulkan media yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi standar kelayakan media dengan tingkat kelayakan yaitu sangat layak sebagai media pembelajaran.
Forme alternative de gestionare a serviciilor publice locale în Republica Moldova
Authors:   Academia de Administrare Publica, Tincu Violeta
Published: March 2021

În prezentul articol autorul analizează unele forme alternative de gestionare a serviciilor publice locale în Republica Moldova, în baza prevederilor legislaţiei în vigoare şi a practicii administrative existente. În acest sens, a fost examinată necesitatea optării pentru alternativele de gestiune, efectuată o trecere în revistă a acestor alternative, precum şi s-a realizat analiza fiecărei astfel de forme alternative. Necesitatea unui astfel de studiu a fost dictată de faptul că pentru majoritatea autorităţilor administraţiei publice locale gestiunea nu poate îmbrăca decât una din cele două forme tradiţionale – directă sau delegată, ambele însă generând destule probleme în Republica Moldova (studiate de autor în publicaţii anterioare), autorităţile locale respective necunoscând faptul că au şi alte opţiuni perfect legale. La finele articolului se conţine o schemă de reflecţie pentru autorităţile administraţiei publice locale din Republica Moldova care ar putea să le ajute în alegerea modalităţii adecvate de organizare şi gestionare a serviciilor publice locale
Cultura profesională a funcționarilor publici – un fundament al administrării publice moderne
Authors:   Academia de Administrare Publică, Dulschi Ion
Published: March 2021

În acest articol abordăm problema culturii profesionale a funcționarilor publici și rolul universităților în formarea și dezvoltarea profesională a acestora. Sunt abordate contradicțiile care stau la baza problemei respective, esența și conținutul culturii profesionale, se fac propuneri privind instrumentele de formare a culturii profesionale a viitorilor funcționari publici în programele de studii universitare.
Consolidarea cadrului legal privind delimitarea proprietății publice a statului și a unităților administrativ-teritoriale
Authors:   Academia de Administrare Publica, Guțu Gheorghe
Published: March 2021

În Republica Moldova la momentul actual lipsește un act legislativ unitar, complex și adecvat realităților juridice existente, care, luând în considerare tendințele, experiența și realizările știinţifico-practice actuale din domeniul raporturilor patrimoniale ale entităților publice, să reglementeze în mod detailat, clar și adecvat, aspectele principale ale activității administrației publice în domeniul administrării bunurilor domeniului public și a bunurilor domeniului privat. În lipsa unor reglementări normative adecvate și unitare care să reglementeze detaliat regimul juridic al proprietății publice, autoritățile publice locale, în special, se confruntă cu probleme serioase în activitatea lor de administrare a bunurilor, fiind foarte vulnerabile în raporturile sale cu autoritățile centrale și organele de control. Mai mult, cadrul normativ confuz și contradictoriu generează condiții prielnice pentru încălcare sistematică a drepturilor și intereselor patrimoniale a colectivităților locale, precum și conflicte de competență între autoritățile publice de diferite nivele din domeniul administrării proprietății publice, în special ce țin de delimitarea proprietății pe titulari și pe categorii. În acest sens, sunt relevante mai multe hotărâri ale Curții Constituționale, care în repetate rânduri au anulat mai multe acte normative și legislative din domeniul dat și au atenționat autoritățile publice centrale privind necesitatea perfecționării cadrului legal respectiv și aducerii lui în conformitate cu principiile constituționale privind proprietatea, descentralizarea și autonomia locală
Some aspects regarding the dispute of acts / facts of the Contracting Authority to the National Complaint Agency
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Odainic Mariana , Chiper Natalia ,   Academy of Public Administration
Published: March 2021

The review, as a result of the contestation of the public procurement procedures, aims at guaranteeing effective remedies. By establishing and implementing concrete procedures for resolving appeals, each state must take into account certain important aspects: the mechanisms for resolving appeals, the category of the authority that would be competent in resolving, the eligibility to file the appeal, etc. These powers (to review and apply corrective measures) should be given to an independent body (administrative or judicial). In the Republic of Moldova, these powers belong to the National Agency for the Settlement of Appeals, which is an administrative-jurisdictional authority. The article describes the procedure for resolving appeals according to the legislation of the Republic of Moldova, a procedure that also corresponds to the objectives of the relevant European Directives, and which aims to ensure the legality of public procurement procedures.
The challenges of the economy and the impact on the environment
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Manole Tatiana , Turcan Rina ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: March 2021

In the present article, the authors address the essence of some economic models (theories) whose objectives consist in increasing the wealth of the owners, maximizing their profits. The ecological situation of the Earth worsened, especially during the industrialization period. This situation required the transition from the traditional economy to the concept of circular economy. The examples of the European Union demonstrate the benefits of waste recycling both for the economy and for improving people’s quality of life. The fight against the pandemic requires colossal material and valuable resources from governments. Thus, for example, the budget of the Republic of Moldova makes a colossal effort in the form of social costs to help people suffering from this pandemic. Improving the situation would require the imposition and control of manufacturing companies on the use of treatment systems, and another general solution would be to educate the population to preserve the Earth for the descendants of our descendants.
Participation of the Academy of Public Administration in projects and scientific forums - a premise of research quality
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Dulschi Silvia
Published: March 2021

Taking into account the importance of scientific research for the development of knowledge and the training of highly qualified staff, the Academy of Public Administration emphasizes excellence and international visibility, supports complex research in public administration, economics, law, international relations and participation in national and international research projects. In the article, the author highlights the mission of the scientific research in the Academy to generate knowledge and to transmit, disseminate and capitalize on the knowledge gained through scientific research in the administrative activity
Theoretical approach of the international business environment
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Țău Nicolae , Mohammedelkhatim Ibrahim Mustafa Sharfeldin ,   Free International Univesity of Moldova
Published: March 2021

The definition of international business is related to commercial transactions that occur across country borders. The exchange of goods and services among peoples and businesses is organized between multiple countries. The term is composed of two words; International has many meanings, among them external and global. The word Business has also various senses such as trade, transaction and commercial relations. This huge number of words and concepts describes the large field of affairs. International business means the exchange of goods, services, resources, knowledge and skills among other things between two or more firms and/ or countries. It can also denote the trade conducted across national boundaries for the profit of all parties connected on an industry. It refers to negotiated commerce and investment performed by firms across boarders functioning together at several levels.
Post Maidan 2014 Russian-American Relations
Authors:   State University of Moldova, Cebotari Svetlana
Published: March 2021

The relations between Moscow and Washington have reached their lowest point since the early 1980s. The Ukrainian crisis has acted as a catalyst for a sharp and deep deterioration in the relations between Russia and the United States. Currently, Russian-American relations are in an unprecedented decline since the Cold War. The Russian-Ukrainian crisis, which resulted in the occupation of the Crimean peninsula, conditioned the cooling of Russian-American relations. This article highlights the specifics of Russian-American relations in the post-Maidan 2014 period.
European social model - instrument of cohesion between the states of the European Union
Authors:   State University of Moldova, Sacara Ana
Published: March 2021

The European Union is currently a real catalyst for change regarding the state governance, policy-making and the imposition of social models in the European space. The member States of the European Community have their own ways of developing social policies, which regulate social assistance, social insurance, the organization and functioning of the social services system, etc., yet the European institutions coordinate the adopted regulations and establish common principles, values, and objectives. Nowadays, more and more often, politicians, decision makers, doctrinaire people question the concept of “European social model” and prerogatives for its development. In this context, we set out to analyze the concept and features of the European social model and to identify existing social models at EU level.
Professional Culture of Civil Servants - a Premise for a Modern Public Administration
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Dulschi Ion
Published: March 2021

In this article, we address the issue of professional culture of civil servants and the role of universities in their training and professional development. The contradictions underlying the issue, the essence and content of professional culture are addressed; proposals are made on the tools for training the professional culture of future civil servants in university study programs.
Strengthening the Legal Framework Regarding the Delimitation of State and Administrative-Territorial Units Public Property
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Guțu Gheorghe
Published: March 2021

In the Republic of Moldova, there is currently a lack of a unitary, complex and appropriate to existing legal realities, legislative act that will take into account the trends, the experience and current scientific-practical achievements in the field of patrimonial relations of public entities, which will regulate in detail, clear and appropriately the main aspects of public administration activity in the field of public domain property management and private property. In the absence of adequate and unitary normative regulations that will regulate in detail the legal regime of public property, local public authorities in particular, face serious problems in their property management activity being very vulnerable in their relations with central authorities and control bodies. Moreover, the confusing and contradictory normative framework generates favorable conditions for systematic infringement of the patrimonial rights and interests of the local communities, as well as conflicts of competence between public authorities at different levels in the field of public property management, especially related to the delimitation of property by owners and categories. In this regard, several decisions of the Constitutional Court are relevant. They have repeatedly canceled several normative and legislative acts in the given domain and also alerted central public authorities on the need to improve the respective legal framework and bringing it into line with the constitutional principles of ownership, decentralization and local self-government
Îmbunătățirea calității învățământului superior prin implicarea studenților utilizând experiența cursului ca variabilă de mediere
Authors:   Universitatea Southwest, Ropot Traian , Wang Muhua ,   Universitatea Southwest, Stonier Francis ,   Universitatea Southwest
Published: March 2021

Scopul acestei lucrări este de a analiza corelația dintre implicarea studenților și experiența cursului ca mecanism de îmbunătățire a calității studiilor superioare. În mod tradițional, cercetările se concentrau separat asupra implicării studenților sau experienței cursului, dar rămâne de discutat posibilitatea că cea ulterioară să fie percepută ca o variabilă de mediere a evaluării implicării studenților în calitate de instrument de măsurare și îmbunătățire a învățământului universitar. În plus, trebuie argumentat faptul că critica asupra conceptelor implicării studenților și experienței cursului contribuie la dezvoltarea lor ulterioară.
Tinea nigra – uma rara lesão dermatológica
Authors: Amorim Maria Goretti
Published: March 2021

A Tinea nigra é uma micose benigna, relativamente rara, e é mais encontrada em países tropicaise subtropicais.
Electromyographic analysis of transversus abdominis/internal oblique muscles during the execution of pelvic patterns of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
Authors: Ferro Josepha Karinne de Oliveira , Martins José Vicente Pereira , Ribeiro Bruna Rhayane da Cunha Melo , Manta Thaís de Siqueira , Lemos Andrea , Amorim Keytte Camilla Souza de , Barboza Paulo José Moté , Moura Filho Alberto Galvão de , Oliveira Daniella Araújo de
Published: March 2021

Objective: To evaluate the electromyographic response of the transversus abdominis/internal oblique muscles (TrA/IO) during the execution of the four pelvic patterns of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF).
Methods: Cross-sectional study. Were evaluated 21 women aged 18-38 years. The right TrA/IO complex, ipsilateral to the execution of a PNF combination of isotonics technique was monitored by surface electromyography. Three repetitions were performed with two-minute intervals between them in the four PNF pelvic patterns: anterior elevation, posterior depression, anterior depression, and posterior elevation. For the analysis of the electromyographic signal, a period of 500ms adjusted to the central value was extracted and the Root Mean Square amplitude was analyzed. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA test was used with a 95% confidence interval.
Results: There was a higher TrA/IO activity in the concentric phase in the anterior elevation pattern (36.2 ± 32.3%) when compared to previous depression (19.5 μV ± 12.9), posterior elevation (16.1 μV ± 8.7), posterior depression 14.6μV ± 5.9). In addition, in the antero-elevation there is greater activation of the TrA/IO muscle complex when compared to the other patterns (p <0.01).
Conclusion: The higher EMG response of the TrA/IO found in the anterior elevation pattern reveals its usefulness for clinical use.
THE MOUTH GATE SOFT TISSUE SCAR DEFORMITY CORRECTION BY VESTIBULOPLASTIC ORIGINAL METHOD
Authors: აწყვერელი ლ. Atskvereli L. , სეხნიაშვილი ნ. Sekhniashvili N. , ბიბიჩაძე მ. Bibichadze M. , კეპულაძე მ. Kepuladze M.
Published: March 2021

The methods of the present vestibuloplastics basically ensure satisfactory functional and cosmetic effects, in cases of typical correction of the low arch of the mouth gate.  The work sets out vestibuloplastic original method, which allows us to model the arch of the gate, when there is a significant tissue deficit, by using the tissue scrap taken from the vestibular surface of the lip. The method provides good functional and aesthetic effect and can be used on both jaws.
Trabalhar os animais, trabalhar com os animais
Authors: Froehlich Graciela
Published: March 2021

A industrialização da pecuária – que intensifica a pressão produtiva sobre humanos e animais (Porcher 2004) – motivou, nos últimos anos, exigências em prol de práticas de bem-estar animal em frigoríficos, granjas e fazendas de criação de bois, porcos e galinhas. Através de cursos e capacitações, vaqueiros e demais trabalhadores da cadeia produtiva da carne são treinados a manejar racional e humanitariamente os animais com os quais se relacionam cotidianamente. Busco desenvolver neste artigo alguns desdobramentos de meu trabalho de campo em fazendas de criação de gado de corte que invocam o bem-estar animal como um sinal distintivo do trabalho e dos animais nelas criados. Interessada nas conexões e engajamentos entre humanos e animais a partir da ideia de bem- estar animal, trago à reflexão algumas experiências para se pensar o trabalho de humanos e animais neste contexto.
Demarcação e Equivocação
Authors: Miras Júlia Trujillo
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo trata do processo de demarcação da Terra Indígena Krῖkati, que se localiza no sul do estado do Maranhão. A partir de discussão sobre os conceitos de terra, território, territorialidade e (des)territorialização, propõe-se refletir sobre os sentidos e consequências da demarcação de uma Terra Indígena, entendida como um movimento que esquadrinha a T/terra segundo a lógica proprietária característica da perspectiva moderno-ocidental. Por meio de uma etnografia de laudos de identificação presentes no processo realizado pela Funai, pode-se acompanhar as ações engendradas pelos documentos para estabilizar as fronteiras e eclipsar a multiplicidade presente na(s) terra(s) indígena(s). Na análise ganha evidência e importância as ações dos índios (sua política) e seus impactos na constituição dessa(s) T/terra(s). Procura-se compreender o que os processos revelam e, portanto, o que eles ocultam sobre a constituição de uma TI, provocando uma reflexão sobre o papel dos antropólogos nos processos de regularização fundiária.
Contradiscursos Afroindígenas sobre Mistura, Sincretismo e Mestiçagem Estudos Etnográficos
Authors: Goldman Marcio
Published: March 2021

Em certo sentido, o que este dossiê pretende é elaborar em chave acadêmica aquilo que os militantes afroindígenas de Caravelas — e de tantos outros lugares dos quais apenas uns poucos são aqui apresentados — nos ensinam em chave existencial. Para fazê-lo, o primeiro passo consiste, como já demonstrava o trabalho de Mello, em aplicar à questão afroindígena o que Bruno Latour (1984) denominou princípio de irredução: não reduzi-la de antemão a uma pura questão identitária e, ao mesmo tempo, não negar a priori que a identidade possa ser uma dimensão importante do fenômeno. Em outras palavras, pensar essa questão de um modo em que nada seja reduzido de antemão a simples reação à dominação branca, nem à mera oposição entre duas identidades, não importando se estas são tidas como “primordiais” ou como constituídas por “contraste”.
irritante duplicidade
Authors: Souza Marcela Stockler Coelho de
Published: March 2021

Essa nota toma um conjunto de enunciados kisêdjê (povo jê do Xingu) sobre a “mistura” de sangues e culturas como atalho para contornar os dilemas da mensuração da continuidade e da mudança que não raro assombram as descrições e os debates sobre sobre as experiências indígenas contemporâneas. As noções de contramestiçagem e antimestiçagem permitem evitar vários desses dilemas – contanto que não sejam elas mesmas recapturadas pela lógica da mestiçagem, não só por sua alternância infernal entre fusão e segregação, mas por sua denegação da luta (evidentemente política) de que depende o insistente re-existir dos povos indígenas no Brasil.
Poetic “being-with”: A Case for Relational Poetics
Authors: Ogle Nat
Published: March 2021

This article repurposes the conceptual ingredients of participatory art, from 1960s Environment-Happenings to 1990s and contemporary relational aesthetics, to postulate an analogous poetics. While both epochs of interactive art exercise the same premise—that is, taking “the sphere of human relations as site for the artwork” to “induce models of sociability,” as Nicolas Bourriaud claims—the conditions of relationality entailed in each concern distinct modes of production, consumption, and governance. I trace this distinction in relation to the Foucauldian notion of “technologies of power,” arguing that, while Allan Kaprow's practice engages with the biopolitical, “disciplinary” power of liberalist regimes, the work of Félix González-Torres and Rirkrit Tiravanija engage with what Byung-Chul Han terms that “psychopolitics” of neoliberal debt relations. This examination serves as the ground from which I devise a new kind of relation poetics, a heteroglot and immersive literary bricolage that critically reflects neoliberal modes of atomised individualism. Juliana Spahr's Fuck-You-Aloha-I-Love-You serves as a means by which I distinguish poetry about relationality from relational poetry, which in turn gives rise to my own attempt at, and critical analysis of, a relational poem: a vexed interstice of what Jean-Luc Nancy calls “being-with.
Secular Decolonial Woes
Authors: Vizcaíno Rafael
Published: March 2021

This essay builds on a recent intervention made by Mariana Ortega, who has called on philosophers committed to decolonization to avoid reproducing “colonial impulses and erasures” in the very attempt to advance epistemic decolonization. When connected to “practices of un-knowing,” these tendencies become an “affliction,” which Ortega labels with the notion of “decolonial woes.” The author focuses on the reception of the spiritual elements in Anzaldúa's work to identify a specifically secular form of a decolonial woe: the disregard for the potential that spirituality comprises for advancing the project of decolonization. To counter such secularist erasure, this essay offers an interpretation of Anzaldúa's well-known concept of la facultad as a postsecular methodology that can help advance the project of epistemic decolonization.
La pedagogía del oprimido: una relectura pedagógica
Authors: Ramírez Carlos Ernesto Noguera-
Published: March 2021

Teniendo en cuenta la amplísima literatura sobre la pedagogía del oprimido, el presente texto se propone realizar una lectura desde una dimensión poco abordada o, por lo menos, aminorada en las lecturas más frecuentemente disponibles: justamente su dimensión pedagógica. Un intento como el propuesto aquí significa releer el libro de Freire desde el horizonte conceptual de la pedagogía y ello implica desplazar (no negar) el carácter eminentemente político otorgado a la pedagogía del oprimido y recuperar sus vínculos estrechos con el pensamiento y la tradición pedagógica occidental. En particular, la relectura de la obra cumbre de Freire enclave pedagógica implica un triple trabajo: primero, localizarla dentro de una antigua tradición según la cual la politeia se entiende, en lo fundamental, como paideia; segundo, resaltar que el proceso de liberación a través de la educación solo puede realizarse mediante un proceso de concientización que lo coloca en un horizonte gnoseológico o epistémico: tránsito que el oprimido debe llevar a cabo desde la doxa hacia el logos; tercero, reconocer que el fin de la educación liberadora es la humanización de los hombres (oprimidos y opresores) y, en esa medida, se trata de una cuestión claramente “antropotécnica”.
Pedagogia do Oprimido – 50 anos – mais Freire, nunca menos
Authors: Barcelos Valdo Hermes , Azzolin Maria Aparecida
Published: March 2021

A proposta de um dossiê tendo como temática a obra fundamental de Paulo Freire (1921-1997), intitulada Pedagogia do Oprimido, não só se faz oportuna como necessária. Passados 50 anos da publicação dessa obra, um marco na produção freireana, vivemos no Brasil, atualmente, um período de estranhos ressurgimentos. Ressurgimentos de discursos e de práticas autoritárias, de incentivo à intolerância, ao ódio, de manifestações populistas e, em muitos casos, de orientação fascistizantes. Nossa intenção com este texto é fazer uma reflexão de caráter teórico-epistemológica sobre o legado freireano, em geral, e, em particular, sobre a atualidade da Pedagogia do Oprimido (1970). Em contraponto aos brados obscurantistas que chegam a propor a “expulsão” das proposições freireanas da educação brasileira, propomos vida longa à Pedagogia do Oprimido, entre educadores(as) desse tão mal tratado país, onde a “Malvadeza” das elites reacionárias – como dizia Freire – insiste em produzir injustiças.Com este texto, não queremos muito, queremos um pouco, de diálogo, mais tolerância, um pouco de esperança, um pouco de alegria no fazer docente e generosidade entre as pessoas. Como na última frase do Pedagogia do Oprimido, um pouco de “fé nos homens e na criação de um mundo em que seja menos difícil amar”.
“Tem gente caminhando pra lá e para cá”: caminhar com as crianças – a pesquisa em contexto campesino
Authors: Rocha Jeruza Da Rosa da , Nörnberg Marta
Published: March 2021

Este artigo discute o caminhar com crianças em contexto campesino como possibilidade metodológica para a pesquisa com crianças. A partir de alguns pressupostos da abordagem etnográfica, as caminhadas com as crianças são descritas como uma ferramenta metodológica capaz de oferecer elementos para interagir com elas em suas dinâmicas sociais. A ação de caminhar com as crianças permite desenvolver uma postura atenta às brechas e às pistas oferecidas por elas sobre a (re)interpretação que fazem da cultura comunitária e da cultura das famílias, em especial, das práticas da pesca e da lida no campo. Os processos interpretativos realizados pelas crianças, em suas relações intergeracionais e intrageracionais, são abordados com base nos conceitos de reprodução interpretativa e cultura de pares. O estudo sustenta metodologias que valorizam a agência das crianças como intérpretes de suas culturas comunitárias e familiares, e como participantes ativas no desenvolvimento e na organização dos processos investigativos. Mostra como o caminhar com as crianças favorece uma maior aproximação às culturas infantis e oferece condições para a escuta sensível de suas vozes.
Reviewer acknowledgements for Environment and Pollution, Vol. 10, No. 1
Authors: John Albert
Published: March 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for Environment and Pollution, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2021.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 14, No. 2
Authors: Sun Sherry
Published: March 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2021
Assessing “Results-Based” Payment Determinants in Forest Carbon Emission Reduction Initiatives: Case of Forest Carbon Projects in Cameroon
Authors: Chia Eugene L , Bitchick Augustin Corin B Bi , Hubert Didier , Azai Mirrande M , Nguemadji Maxime M
Published: March 2021

The international community has acknowledged the critical role of results-based avoided deforestation and forest degradation, sustainable management of forest, conservation and enhancement of carbon stocks (REDD+) activities in curbing climate change. However, ensuring that REDD+ programs and projects deliver carbon and non-carbon results, remains a challenge. This paper analyses results-based determinants in REDD+ projects in Cameroon. Experiences from these projects are expected to inform the design and implementation of sustainable and effective REDD+ projects. It draws on data collected from feasibility study reports, project design documents, project evaluation reports and the opinions and perspectives of 86 REDD+ stakeholders. Findings indicate that projects employed a combination of incentives, disincentives and enabling measures towards achieving the intended REDD+ results. However, none of the projects proposed conditional incentives (direct payments) to land owners and users, the key innovation brought by REDD+. Despite the fact that these projects are branded REDD+ projects, they offer little or no experiences on the relationship between REDD+ payments and carbon and non-carbon outcomes. Achieving results from REDD+ projects depend on how effective choices are made by stakeholders in relation to the type of instruments/interventions and the location of projects, and the ability to make choices further depends on the technical capacity of stakeholders. Thus, the capacity of stakeholders to be involve in REDD+ project design and implementation should be strengthened, in order for them to better appraise the results-based requirements of REDD+.
Division of real estate upon request and the return obligation under Article 136(1) of the Act on the Real Property Management: a few remarks in the context of counteracting the so-called “land freezing” versus the principle of loyalty
Authors: Pawłowski Sławomir
Published: March 2021

Division of real estate by application is still not properly recognised in the jurisprudence of administrative courts. On the one hand, this is manifested in the fact that, although it results in the takeover of private land for the benefit of a public entity for the purpose of building or extending public roads, this decision is not recognised as being expropriation. One of the most important consequences of denying to recognise this division as one of the forms of expropriation is that it is not subject to the return obligation, even if the public-purpose investment project, i.e. the construction of a public road, was not completed within 10 years of the takeover. It should be added that the lack of actions on the part of the commune to acquire such land leads to an adverse phenomenon which is referred to as “freezing the land”. On the other hand, it is argued that the division decision has no features of authoritative and compulsory acquisition of the title to real property by the commune. The above views are subject to criticism given inter alia that they fail to take into account that the spatial planning acts, in particular the local spatial development plan, play a prognostic role in relation to expropriation acts. The study presents the thesis that, were the premise of the public purpose be rejected, then regardless of the form of takeover of the title to real property by a public entity, the obligation to return this property to the former owner or its legal successors arises.
Wpływ uruchomienia e-Urzędu Skarbowego na
zwiększenie nadzoru nad podatnikami
Authors: Szymanek Paweł
Published: March 2021

W dniu 1 lutego 2021 r. uruchomiono portal internetowy e-Urząd Skarbowy1. W artykule omówiono wszystkie
usługi, z których mogą korzystać podatnicy za jego pośrednictwem: Twój e-PIT, aplikację e-mikrofirma, zakładkę
o otrzymanych mandatach, mikrorachunek podatkowy, płatności online oraz możliwość wysyłania w formie elektronicznej
niektórych pism. Ponadto przedstawiono usługi, które mają zostać dodane do e-Urzędu Skarbowego
do 2022 r. Konkluzją artykułu jest stwierdzenie, że uruchomienie tego portalu nie spowodowało zwiększenia nadzoru
nad podatnikami, ponieważ równocześnie nie wprowadzono nowych istotnych kompetencji dla organów
Krajowej Administracji Skarbowej (KAS).
Opodatkowanie zysków z reklam na tle regulacji
dotyczących opodatkowania gospodarki cyfrowej
Authors: Uściński Paweł
Published: March 2021

W artykule przedstawiono genezę proponowanych rozwiązań dotyczących oskładkowania i opodatkowania usług
reklamowych. Porównano koncepcje prawne oraz regulacje kształtujące normy prawnopodatkowe w zakresie
opodatkowania usług reklamy konwencjonalnej (tradycyjnej) i usług reklamy cyfrowej (internetowej). Zaprezentowano
prace nad międzynarodowymi rozwiązaniami dotyczącymi opodatkowania gospodarki cyfrowej. Omówiono
także rolę, jaką odgrywają zyski z poszczególnych rodzajów usług reklamowych. Ponadto porównano propozycje
polskiej opłaty reklamowej z wybranymi równoważnymi daninami w Austrii oraz we Francji.
Prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej w formie spółki
jawnej – aspekty prawne i podatkowe
Authors: Sobiech Agnieszka , Sobiech Maciej
Published: March 2021

Z dniem 1 stycznia 2021 r. na mocy ustawy z dnia 28 listopada 2020 r. o zmianie ustawy o podatku dochodowym
od osób fizycznych, ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych, ustawy o zryczałtowanym podatku dochodowym
od niektórych przychodów osiąganych przez osoby fizyczne oraz niektórych innych ustaw1 rozszerzono
krąg podatników podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych. Od tej daty zgodnie z art. 1 ust. 3 ustawy z dnia
15 lutego 1992 r. o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych2 przepisy tej ustawy mają zastosowanie również do
spółek komandytowych oraz niektórych spółek jawnych. Nowelizacja doprowadziła do zrównania na gruncie podatkowym
sytuacji spółek komandytowych oraz niektórych spółek jawnych objętych zakresem powyższej ustawy
z innymi spółkami objętymi podatkiem dochodowym od osób prawnych. W konsekwencji spółki jawne nie będą
już de iure transparentne dla podatku dochodowego. W tych przypadkach, kiedy ustawa z dnia 15 lutego 1992 r.
czyni spółkę podatnikiem, od osiągniętego dochodu spółka będzie płacić podatek dochodowy od osób prawnych
– w zależności od dokonanego przez nią wyboru – od dnia 1 stycznia 2021 r. albo od dnia 1 maja 2021 r. Podstawowa
wysokość stawki podatku dochodowego to 19% od osiągniętego dochodu. Jeżeli spółka jawna będzie
mogła zostać uznana za tzw. małego podatnika, stawka ta wyniesie 9%. W rezultacie dochód osiągany z działalności
spółek jawnych objętych zakresem ustawy z dnia 15 lutego 1992 r. będzie podwójnie opodatkowany – raz
na poziomie spółki, a raz na poziomie wspólników.
Powyższe zmiany podatkowe są dobrą okazją do refleksji, czy spółka jawna, w jej dotychczasowym kształcie, z
uwzględnieniem celów i uwarunkowań poszczególnych wspólników, jest optymalną formą prowadzenia działalności
gospodarczej. Kluczowe mogą się okazać przepisy ustawy z dnia 15 września 2000 r. – Kodeks spółek
handlowych3 i wynikające z nich cechy konkretnej spółki handlowej w kontekście indywidualnych oczekiwań
wspólników bądź spółki. Wśród nich wyróżnić można np.: problem odpowiedzialności wspólników za zobowiązania
spółki, skalę i rodzaj prowadzonej działalności, wkłady wniesione do spółki, istniejące powiązania między
wspólnikami, ich udział w zysku i potrzeby w zakresie bieżących wypłat ze spółki, wolę reinwestowania zysków
spółki i inne aspekty prawne funkcjonowania spółki. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie ww. zagadnień i
przedstawienie statusu wspólników spółki jawnej na gruncie Kodeksu spółek handlowych.
A Novel Density-based Technique for Outlier Detection of High Dimensional Data Utilizing Full Feature Space
Authors: Ur Rehman Mujeeb , Muhammad Khan Dost
Published: March 2021

Recently, anomaly detection has acquired a realistic response from data mining scientists as a graph of its reputation has increased smoothly in various practical domains like product marketing, fraud detection, medical diagnosis, fault detection and so many other fields. High dimensional data subjected to outlier detection poses exceptional challenges for data mining experts and it is because of natural problems of the curse of dimensionality and resemblance of distant and adjoining points. Traditional algorithms and techniques were experimented on full feature space regarding outlier detection. Customary methodologies concentrate largely on low dimensional data and hence show ineffectiveness while discovering anomalies in a data set comprised of a high number of dimensions. It becomes a very difficult and tiresome job to dig out anomalies present in high dimensional data set when all subsets of projections need to be explored. All data points in high dimensional data behave like similar observations because of its intrinsic feature i.e., the distance between observations approaches to zero as the number of dimensions extends towards infinity. This research work proposes a novel technique that explores deviation among all data points and embeds its findings inside well established density-based techniques. This is a state of art technique as it gives a new breadth of research towards resolving inherent problems of high dimensional data where outliers reside within clusters having different densities. A high dimensional dataset from UCI Machine Learning Repository is chosen to test the proposed technique and then its results are compared with that of density-based techniques to evaluate its efficiency.
Effect of Concrete Admixtures on Structural Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Steel Reinforcements
Authors: CHANDIO Ali Dad , ABRO Shahid Hussain , SHAIKH Asif Ahmed , AHMED Haseeb , FAROOQI Baber , MAHMOOD Faraz , KHAN Yousra , SOHAIL Areeba
Published: March 2021

Concrete structural properties are compromised largely due to corrosion susceptibility of steel reinforcements. This results in weakening and eventual failure of structures. Several strategies have been employed in past to control corrosion and increase mechanical strength of concretes, in particular for structural applications. In this study, fly ash and polypropylene fibers were utilized as the admixtures for preparation of concrete blocks with variable water-cement (w/c) ratios i.e. 0.45, 0.5 and 0.65. Three different grades of cements were selected in this study namely OPC 43, OPC 53 and sulfate resistant one. Also, two different steel alloys were used i.e. ASTM-615 and ASTM-706, since both of them are very common reinforcement materials (rebars). The curing time of 56 consecutive days was employed before testing and characterization. The results suggest remarkable improvement in the mechanical properties of blocks upon the incorporation of admixtures. However, rebars exhibited highest corrosion rate in the presence of OPC 43 cement at w/c ratio of 0.65.
Effect of Rotational Speed, and Dwell Time on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar AA5754 and AA7075-T651 Aluminum Sheet Alloys by Friction Stir Spot Welding
Authors: NASIR Tauqir , KALAF Omer , ASMAEL Mohammed
Published: March 2021

In the current study, the effects of dwell time and rotation speed on the mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir spot welded joints of dissimilar aluminum sheet alloys were investigated. Aluminum AA5754 and AA7075-T651 alloys were selected as the work piece. The joint quality, microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of the welded regions were considerably affected by the welding parameters. The results obtained that rotation speed and dwell time play an important role on welding quality of aluminum sheet. The microstructure images showed the dwell time and rotation speed has great effects on pin penetration and hook deformation. Maximum tensile shear load 806.3 N was produced at 1000 rpm and 2 s dwell time, while the tensile shear load reduced around 25 % with longer dwell time 5 s and high rotation speed 1400 rpm. Moreover, the welding joint microhardness was improved by the decrease of dwell time and increase of rotation speed.
Extragonadal Yolk Sac Tumor with Spinal Cord Compression in a Little Boy, with Complete Response to the Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Carboplatin: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Karami Hossein , Ghasemi Maryam , Mousavi Seyed Abdollah , Saffar Homina , Mahmoudi Molaei Pegah , Naderisorki Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Germ cell tumors account for 3.5 % of pediatric tumors and yolk sac tumors are the most common pure malignant germ cell tumors in children. Testis and ovary are the most common sites of involvement in children older than 2 years. Case Presentation: A 20-month-old boy with a complaint of limping was described in this case report. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a 52 × 50 mm solid abdominal mass. Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scans showed a left paraspinal heterogeneous mass. The tumor was extended into the spinal column with spinal cord compression. Four months later, at the end of chemotherapy, the tumor was completely resolved. Conclusions: Spinal cord compression is a rare presentation of yolk sac tumor (YST) and although this tumor is an uncommon malignancy, it can be cured completely.