bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity breakpoints along stress gradients in estuaries and associated shifts in ecosystem interactions
Authors: Douglas Emily J. , Lohrer Andrew M. , Pilditch Conrad A.
Published: November 2019

Denitrification in coastal sediments can provide resilience to eutrophication in estuarine ecosystems, but this key ecosystem function is impacted directly and indirectly by increasing stressors. The erosion and loading of fine sediments from land, resulting in sedimentation and elevated sediment muddiness, presents a significant threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide. Impacts on biodiversity with increasing sediment mud content are relatively well understood, but corresponding impacts on denitrification are uncharacterised. Soft sediment ecosystems have a network of interrelated biotic and abiotic ecosystem components that contribute to microbial nitrogen cycling, but these components (especially biodiversity measures) and their relationships with ecosystem functions are sensitive to stress. With a large dataset spanning broad environmental gradients this study uses interaction network analysis to present a mechanistic view of the ecological interactions that contribute to microbial nitrogen cycling, showing significant changes above and below a stressor (mud) threshold. Our models demonstrate that positive biodiversity effects become more critical with a higher level of sedimentation stress, and show that effective ecosystem management for resilience requires different action under different scenarios.
Increased heart fibrosis and acute infection in a murine Chagas disease model associated with organophosphorus pesticide metabolite exposure
Authors: Medina-Buelvas Dunia Margarita , Estrada-Muñiz Elizabet , Rodríguez-Sosa Miriam , Shibayama Mineko , Vega Libia
Published: November 2019

Some reports suggest that exposure to organophosphorus (OP) pesticides increases the incidence of infections. Ethylated dialkylphosphates (EtDAPs) are metabolites of OP pesticides widely distributed with immunomodulatory potential. Chagas disease is produced byTrypanosoma cruziparasites, and resolution of this infection requires the activation of inflammatory macrophages (MΦ), which results in cardiac fibrosis. Some reports indicate that EtDAPs increase the amount of the anti-inflammatory alternatively activated MΦ (M2; CD206+F4/80+). Therefore, we analyzed the course ofT. cruziinfection, MΦ profiles from peritoneal exudate cells (PECs), inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the heart of BALB/c mice exposed to diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP) or diethylphosphate (DEP, 0.01 g/kg), common DAPs produced by OP pesticides, 24 h before infection withT. cruzi. We found that DEDTP increased the parasite burden in blood by 99% at the peak of the infection and enhanced the myocardial damage due to an increase in infiltrated inflammatory cells (induced by DEDTP or DETP) and fibrosis (induced by EtDAPs). In the PECs, exposure to EtDAPs increased the proportion of the MΦ subpopulations of M2a, M2b and M2d, which are associated with tissue repair. These results indicate that exposure to EtDAPs can exacerbate the acute phase of a parasitic infection and increase the long-term damage to the heart.
Author Correction: FMNL2 and -3 regulate Golgi architecture and anterograde transport downstream of Cdc42
Authors: Kage Frieda , Steffen Anika , Ellinger Adolf , Ranftler Carmen , Gehre Christian , Brakebusch Cord , Pavelka Margit , Stradal Theresia , Rottner Klemens
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Fluxomic Analysis Reveals Central Carbon Metabolism Adaptation for Diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii Ammonium Excretion
Authors: Wu Chao , Herold Ryan A. , Knoshaug Eric P. , Wang Bo , Xiong Wei , Laurens Lieve M. L.
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Egyptian metallic inks on textiles from the 15th century BCE unravelled by non-invasive techniques and chemometric analysis
Authors: Festa G. , Christiansen T. , Turina V. , Borla M. , Kelleher J. , Arcidiacono L. , Cartechini L. , Ponterio R. C. , Scatigno C. , Senesi R. , Andreani C.
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Emulating optical cycling centers in polyatomic molecules
Authors: Li Ming , Kłos Jacek , Petrov Alexander , Kotochigova Svetlana
Published: November 2019

An optical cycling center (OCC) is a recently coined term to indicate two electronic states within a complex quantum object that can repeatedly experience optical laser excitation and spontaneous decay, while being well isolated from its environment. Here we present a quantitative understanding of electronic, vibrational, and rotational excitations of the polyatomic SrOH molecule, which possesses a localized OCC near its Sr atom. In particular, we describe the vibrationally dependent trends in the Franck–Condon factors of the bending and stretching modes of the molecular electronic states coupled in the optical transition. These simulations required us to perform electronic structure calculations of the multi-dimensional potential energy surfaces of both ground and excited states, the determination of vibrational and bending modes, and corresponding Franck–Condon factors. We also discuss the extent to which the optical cycling center has diagonal Franck–Condon factors.
Colorimetric assay for the rapid determination of free-base nicotine in e-liquid
Authors: Huang Yan-Jun , Deng Qi-Xin , Lan Hong-Qiao , Fang Zheng-Zhong , Chen Hui , Lin Yan , Xu Han-Chun , James Tony D. , Xie Wei
Published: November 2019

Nicotine exists in e-liquids primarily as the monoprotonated form and free-base form. The free-base form could be evaluated by use of a water-soluble indicator.
Kinetic study and effect of water on methane oxidation to methanol over copper-exchanged mordenite
Authors: Sushkevich Vitaly L. , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: November 2019

Kinetic experiments show that both methoxy species and carbon monoxide are primary products. Adsorption of one water molecule reversibly blocks at least two copper atoms in active species.
Effects of ornithine α-ketoglutarate on growth performance and gut microbiota in a chronic oxidative stress pig model induced byd-galactose
Authors: Li Yuying , Wang Peng , Yin Jie , Jin Shunshun , Su Wenxuan , Tian Junquan , Li Tiejun , Yao Kang
Published: November 2019

d-Galactose induced chronic oxidative stress and also proved the positive effects of 0.5% ornithine α-ketoglutarate on altering the pig gut microbe, restoring serum amino acid and alleviating the growth-suppression induced byd-galactose chronic oxidative stress.
Stereoselective synthesis of hydrazinodihydrofuransviacascade Michael addition–substitution involving the reaction of curcumin and other β-dicarbonyls with α-hydrazinonitroalkenes
Authors: Bera Kalisankar , Ayyagari Narasimham , Satam Nishikant , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: November 2019

Reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyls with α-hydrazinonitroalkenes leads to 2-hydrazino-2,3-dihydrofurans with high stereoselectivity in the presence of atert-leucine derived squaramide and K2CO3in aqueous THF.
Influence of oxygen exposure on fermentation process and sensory qualities of Sichuan pickle (paocai)
Authors: Rao Yu , Qian Yang , Tao Yufei , She Xiao , Li Yalin , Che Zhenming , Li Hehe , Liu Lei
Published: November 2019

The physicochemical and microbial changes, volatile profile, texture and appearance were investigated in three groups of Sichuan pickles differing in oxygen exposure during a 64 day fermentation process.
The electrical properties and modulation of g-C3N4/β-As and g-C3N4/β-Sb heterostructures: a first principles study
Authors: Liang Bo , Rao Yongchao , Duan Xiangmei
Published: November 2019

The electronic properties of the g-C3N4/β-As and g-C3N4/β-Sb heterojunctions are investigated via density functional theory.
Kinetically-controlled mechanism-based isolation of metabolic serine hydrolases in active form from complex proteomes: butyrylcholinesterase as a case study
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhou Huimin , Du Huaqiao , Xiao Qiaoling , Pistolozzi Marco
Published: November 2019

The modulation of the equilibrium between carbamylation and decarbamylation kinetics is used to isolate a model metabolic serine hydrolase.
Reduced graphene oxide–metal nanoparticle composite membranes for environmental separation and chloro-organic remediation
Authors: Aher Ashish , Thompson Samuel , Nickerson Trisha , Ormsbee Lindell , Bhattacharyya Dibakar
Published: November 2019

This study explores the integration of separation performance was achieved in a loose nanofiltration regime with heterogeneous oxidation reactions for remediation of organic contaminants from water.
Construction of a self-directed replication system for label-free and real-time sensing of repair glycosylases with zero background
Authors: Wang Li-juan , Lu Ying-ying , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: November 2019

We construct a self-directed replication system for label-free and real-time sensing of repair glycosylases with zero background.
A photo-regulated aptamer sensor for spatiotemporally controlled monitoring of ATP in the mitochondria of living cells
Authors: Hong Shanni , Zhang Xiaoting , Lake Ryan J. , Pawel Gregory T. , Guo Zijian , Pei Renjun , Lu Yi
Published: November 2019

A photo-regulated ATP sensor coupled with cationic DQAsomes is developed for spatiotemporally controlled imaging of ATP in the mitochondria of living cells.
Crystallization kinetics of rapid spray plasma processed multiple cation perovskites in open air
Authors: Hovish Michael Q. , Rolston Nicholas , Brüning Karsten , Hilt Florian , Tassone Christopher , Dauskardt Reinhold H.
Published: November 2019

Wide angle X-ray scattering of perovskite conversion in ∼100 ms using rapid spray plasma process.
Solar evaporation for simultaneous steam and power generation
Authors: Liu Guohua , Chen Ting , Xu Jinliang , Li Gang , Wang Kaiying
Published: November 2019

In this report, we summarized recent advances in solar evaporation for both steam and power generation. This emerging technology would be valuable to build the solar hybrid systems for both clean water and renewable energy supply.
Proanthocyanidin-crosslinked collagen/konjac glucomannan hydrogel with improved mechanical properties and MRI trackable biodegradation for potential tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: Chen Jinlin , Cai Zhongyuan , Wei Qingrong , Wang Dan , Wu Jun , Tan Yanfei , Lu Jian , Ai Hua
Published: November 2019

Integration of various qualities of excellent biocompatibility, improved mechanical properties, tailored biodegradation and functional bioactivities into a collagen-based hydrogel scaffold with all natural components, monitored by non-invasive MRI.
Patients' Perspectives About the Acceptability and Effectiveness of Audiologist-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tinnitus and/or Hyperacusis Rehabilitation
Authors: Aazh Hashir , Bryant Christina , Moore Brian C. J.
Published: November 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the views of patients who completed audiologist-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) about (a) the effectiveness of the treatment, (b) the acceptability of receiving CBT from audiologists, and (c) the most effective treatment components.

Design

This was a service evaluation survey with a cross-sectional design.

Study Sample

The study population comprised 40 consecutive adult patients who received a full course of audiologist-delivered CBT for tinnitus and/or hyperacusis management at a Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Therapy Specialist Clinic in the United Kingdom over a 1-year period. Thirty-one of 40 patients who attended their final session as planned completed the survey questionnaire.

Data Collection and Analysis

As a part of their routine care, all patients completed a wide range of questionnaires before and after receiving audiologist-delivered CBT. These comprised Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (
Newman, Sandridge, & Bolek, 2008
); Hyperacusis Questionnaire (
Khalfa et al., 2002
); Insomnia Severity Index (
Bastien, Vallieres, & Morin, 2001
); Visual Analogue Scale (
Maxwell, 1978
) for tinnitus loudness, tinnitus annoyance, and effect of tinnitus on life; Generalized Anxiety Disorder (
Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, & Lowe, 2006
) questionnaire; and Patient Health Questionnaire (
Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001
). In addition, patients were asked to complete the survey questionnaire at their final session to provide feedback with regard to their therapy.

Results

The majority of patients reported that it was very acceptable to them to receive CBT focused on tinnitus and hyperacusis from a specialist audiologist; the median response was 10/10. The majority of patients felt that the CBT was very effective (median response 8/10) and that they were able to manage their tinnitus and/or hyperacusis well (median response 9/10). The effect sizes of treatment based on pre- and postintervention comparison of scores for the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale of tinnitus annoyance and effect on life, Hyperacusis Questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Patient Health Questionnaire were large.

Conclusions

Audiologist-delivered CBT is acceptable to patients and is effective in the management of tinnitus and/or hyperacusis from the patients' perspectives.
Ovine Vocal Fold Tissue Fatigue Response to Accumulated, Large-Amplitude Vibration Exposure at Phonatory Frequencies
Authors: Chan Roger W.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The contribution of tissue mechanical response to vocal fatigue is poorly understood. This study investigated the fatigue response of vocal fold tissues to large-amplitude vibration exposure at phonatory frequencies, using an ex vivo ovine model.

Method

Twelve sheep vocal fold mucosal specimens were subjected to sinusoidal, simple-shear deformation for prolonged cycles, under a large but physiological shear strain (46%) in a frequency range of 100–230 Hz. The duration of shear varied from a critical vibration exposure limit of 1,040 s to 4 times the limit (4,160 s). Tissue viscoelastic response was quantified by the elastic shear modulus (G′), viscous shear modulus (G″), and damping ratio (G″/G′).

Results

Distinct response patterns were observed at different frequencies.G′andG″generally decreased with vibration exposure at 100 Hz, whereas they generally increased with vibration exposure at 200 and 230 Hz. Statistically significant differences were found forG″increasing with vibration exposure at 200 Hz and damping ratio decreasing with vibration exposure at 200 Hz. Significant increases with frequency were also found for all viscoelastic functions. Results suggested that the contribution of tissue viscoelastic response to vocal fatigue could be highly frequency dependent. In particular, increases inG″with vibration exposure could lead to high phonation threshold pressures and difficulty sustaining phonation at higher frequencies following prolonged vocalization.

Conclusion

These preliminary findings may help us better understand vocal fatigue and recovery and should be corroborated by studies with human vocal fold tissues.
Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission
Authors: Bordé P. , Díaz R. F. , Creevey O. , Damiani C. , Deeg H. , Klagyivik P. , Wuchterl G. , Gandolfi D. , Fridlund M. , Bouchy F. , Aigrain S. , Alonso R. , Almenara J.-M. , Baglin A. , Barros S. C. C. , Bonomo A. S. , Cabrera J. , Csizmadia Sz. , Deleuil M. , Erikson A. , Ferraz-Mello S. , Guenther E. W. , Guillot T. , Grziwa S. , Hatzes A. , Hébrard G. , Mazeh T. , Ollivier M. , Parviainen H. , Pätzold M. , Rauer H. , Rouan D. , Santerne A. , Schneider J.
Published: November 2019

Aims. We report the discovery as well as the orbital and physical characterizations of two new transiting giant exoplanets, CoRoT-30 b and CoRoT-31 b, with the CoRoT space telescope.

Methods. We analyzed two complementary data sets: photometric transit light curves measured by CoRoT, and radial velocity curves measured by the HARPS spectrometer. To derive the absolute masses and radii of the planets, we modeled the stars from available magnitudes and spectra.

Results. We find that CoRoT-30 b is a warm Jupiter on a close-to-circular 9.06-day orbit around a G3V star with a semi-major axis of about 0.08 AU. It has a radius of 1.01 ± 0.08 RJ, a mass of 2.90 ± 0.22 MJ, and therefore a mean density of 3.45 ± 0.65 g cm−3. The hot Jupiter CoRoT-31 b is on a close-to-circular 4.63-day orbit around a G2 IV star with a semi-major axis of about 0.05 AU. It has a radius of 1.46 ± 0.30 RJ, a mass of 0.84 ± 0.34 MJ, and therefore a mean density of 0.33 ± 0.18 g cm−3.

Conclusions. Neither system seems to support the claim that stars hosting planets are more depleted in lithium. The radii of both planets are close to that of Jupiter, but they differ in mass; CoRoT-30 b is ten times denser than CoRoT-31 b. The core of CoRoT-30 b would weigh between 15 and 75 Earth masses, whereas relatively weak constraints favor no core for CoRoT-31 b. In terms of evolution, the characteristics of CoRoT-31 b appear to be compatible with the high-eccentricity migration scenario, which is not the case for CoRoT-30 b. The angular momentum of CoRoT-31 b is currently too low for the planet to evolve toward synchronization of its orbital revolution with stellar rotation, and the planet will slowly spiral-in while its host star becomes a red giant. CoRoT-30 b is not synchronized either: it looses angular momentum owing to stellar winds and is expected reach steady state in about 2 Gyr. CoRoT-30 and 31, as a pair, are a truly remarkable example of diversity in systems with hot Jupiters.
Research on the relationship between transmission efficiency and input torque of manual transmission
Authors: Yan Shu , Li Geng , Tian Shaopeng , Zheng Qingxing
Published: November 2019

Based on the manual transmission of a micro car, this paper would present the analysis of the factors affecting the transmission efficiency (TE) and the calculation formula of TE. Accordingly, the calculation model of Matlab/Simulink TE would be built to figure out how TE varies with input torque. Meanwhile, a set of manual transmission test bench would be designed and used to verify the theoretical simulation results. It adopts a common DC bus energy feedback closed system which can feedback the power generated by the load motor to the grid through the DC bus so as to save the electricity and produce less pollution. Therefore, while the test bench can reflect the variation trend of TE about the manual transmission truly, it is comparatively reliable. Apart from being energy-saving, its unique versatility could definitely predict its exceptional potential. The data of TE obtained from the test bench are compared with the simulation result. It showed that the TE of bench test and simulation result are similar, though companied by less than 2% error difference which is within the allowable range. Most importantly, the bench test results proved the validity of the theoretical analysis statistically, which is of great necessity and significance to the research of TE.
A contribution to laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy
Authors: Al-Sayed Ali Samar Reda , Hussein Abdel Hamid Ahmed , Nofal Adel , Hassab Elnaby Salah Ibrahim , Elgazzar Haytham
Published: November 2019

A wear resistant coating was successfully made on an annealed Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy by laser surface cladding using 60 wt.% WC + wt.% 40 NiCrBSi powder blends. Coaxial laser cladding was performed by means of Yb:YAG disk laser with a 3-KW continuous wave. Different laser interaction times were attempted to get the optimal conditions for promising mechanical properties. The new contribution was to accomplish larger clad layer thickness with applying the shortest possible laser interaction time that can achieve superior clad layer properties. This will decrease energy consumption with an expected money saving which is an essential factor for successful engineering solutions. A high powder flow rate of 20 g.min−1 was intended in order to obtain a thick, nonporous and crack free clad layer. The clad samples were subjected to thorough microstructure investigations, in addition to microhardness and wear evaluation. The coating so produced exhibits multiple hardness values and exceptional wear resistance under adhesive/sliding wear conditions. The obtained results expose clad layer with superior quality that was achieved at a laser interaction time of 0.3 s. An enhancement in the microhardness values of the clad layers by more than fourfold was attained and the wear resistance was thus significantly improved.
Unbewusste Vorurteile – Sind Sie voreingenommen?
Authors: Moers Themenscout Stephanie
Published: November 2019

Vorurteile haben wir alle, sie sind uns nur oft nicht bewusst. Physiotherapeuten hegen solche unbewussten Vorannahmen beispielsweise häufig gegen Übergewichtige, wie Studien zeigen. Themenscout Stephanie Moers nahm auf dem Weltkongress der Physiotherapie in Genf an einem Seminar teil, in dem jeder sich selbst unter die Lupe nehmen musste.
Im Kampf gegen die Schwerkraft – Als Sportphysiotherapeut der Nationalmannschaft im Bouldern
Authors: Hügler Stephanie
Published: November 2019

An einer Felswand ohne jegliche Sicherung zu klettern, kann das Herz ganz schön höherschlagen lassen. Genau das tut es auch bei Martin Schlageter. Seit über 20 Jahren betreut er als Sportphysiotherapeut begeistert die deutsche Nationalmannschaft im Bouldern. So sah man ihn vor einiger Zeit zum Beispiel beim Worldcup im Münchner Olympiastadion.
Nichtgebrauch vermeiden – Physiotherapie nach Ablatio mammae
Authors: Herz Mona
Published: November 2019

Die Brust gilt als Symbol der Weiblichkeit. Nach einer Krebserkrankung müssen sich Frauen oft gezwungenermaßen von einer oder beiden Brüsten trennen. Ein Trauma, das auch Physiotherapeuten neben ihren klassischen Maßnahmen wie der Behandlung des Arms und der Lymphdrainage berücksichtigen sollten.
Wann weniger genug ist – Krafttraining im geriatrischen Setting
Authors: Camerlynck Jérôme , Grünewald Anton , Braun Tobias , Thiel Christian
Published: November 2019

Krafttraining ist bei älteren Menschen fester Bestandteil der Physiotherapie. Neben der Sarkopenie gibt es zahlreiche Krankheitsbilder, die als Indikation dafür gelten. Für Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen muss der Therapeut das Krafttraining spezifisch anpassen – wieso und wie, zeigt dieses Evidenz-Update.
Auf der schiefen Bahn – Gleichgewichtstraining auf dem Therapiekeil
Authors: Huber Martin
Published: November 2019

Übungen auf und mit dem Therapiekeil verbessern nicht nur das Gleichgewicht im Stehen – sie beeinflussen auch das Gehen. Gerade für Patienten mit neurologischen Erkrankungen können diese Übungen die posturale Kontrolle verbessern und für mehr Gangsicherheit sorgen.
Seldinger-Technik
Authors: Hartmann Karsten
Published: November 2019

Die endovenöse Venenpunktion mittels Punktionskanüle unter Ultraschalldiagnostik ist einer der wichtigsten Schritte bei der endovenösen Operation, da der geübte Operateur damit jeden noch so ausgefallenen Befund der endovenösen Technik zugänglich machen kann. Eine Venenpunktion im Längsschnitt im Ultraschall hat dabei wesentliche Vorteile. Eine genaue Beschreibung und Bebilderung der Vorgehensweise bei der Punktion und der Seldinger-Technik wird dargelegt.
An Iodide-Mediated Transition-Metal-Free Strategy towards Unsymmetrical Diaryl Sulfides via Arylhydrazines and Thiols
Authors: Jafarpour Farnaz , Asadpour Mohammad , Azizzade Meysam , Ghasemi Mehran , Rajai-Daryasarei Saideh
Published: November 2019

A mild, scalable iodine-mediated oxidative cross-coupling reaction of arylhydrazines and thiols for construction of thioethers (sulfides) in the absence of any transition metals or photocatalysts is disclosed. A variety of unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides with broad substrate scope both on thiols and hydrazines were synthesized in high yields in water at room temperature. Furthermore, to demonstrate the utility of the protocol, the above C–S bond formation was applied in the synthesis of the key structure of vortioxetine as an antidepressant drug. The gram-scale outcome also added to the potential utility of this protocol.
Patient-Reported Outcomes following Arthroscopic Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Repair
Authors: Selles Caroline A. , d'Ailly Philip N. , Schep Niels W.L.
Published: November 2019

Background Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury is a common cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain, which may lead to serious physical impairments. Arthroscopic repair has benefits such as less soft tissue damage, greater surgical accuracy, and may lead to faster recovery than open repair.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the functional outcome of patients with symptomatic TFCC injuries treated with arthroscopic debridement or repair.

Patients and Methods A retrospective study of all consecutive patients with a TFCC injury treated arthroscopically was conducted. The primary outcome was the patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) score. Secondary outcomes were, pain, operative findings, complications, and additional treatment.

Results A total of 51 patients with a median follow-up of 16.5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 13–25) were included. Injuries were treated with TFCC debridement (n = 25), TFCC ligament to capsule suturing (n = 10), TFCC debridement and ligament to capsule suturing (n = 7), TFCC debridement and synovectomy (n = 5), and TFCC foveal reinsertion with a suture anchor (n = 4). The median PRWE was 19.5 (IQR: 6–49). Complications occurred in three patients and in nine patients additional surgery was performed.

Conclusion Arthroscopic treatment of TFCC lesions leads to satisfactory functional outcomes.

Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.
Does Anticoagulation Improve Flap Outcomes in Hypercoagulable Patients? A Systematic Review
Authors: Kotamarti Vasanth S. , Shiah Eric , Rezak Kristen M. , Patel Ashit , Ricci Joseph A.
Published: November 2019

Background Despite improvements in microsurgical techniques, hypercoagulable patients remain a reconstructive challenge. Thrombophilias are a relatively common problem with potentially catastrophic results including free flap loss. The aim of this study was to assess the available literature on free tissue transfer in patients with known hypercoagulability to develop recommendations for management.

Methods A systematic review of the PubMed, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases was performed in June 2018. Inclusion criteria were assessment of outcomes of free tissue transfer in patients with established hypercoagulability. Exclusion criteria were review articles, case reports, and studies lacking detailed discussion of anticoagulation regimens and surgical outcomes. Data collected included the number of hypercoagulable patients, anticoagulation regimens, thrombotic complications, flap success, and bleeding complications. Statistical analysis was performed using independent samples t-tests.

Results Of 147 total results, four articles were included for analysis. One relevant article published after search completion was included. In total, 185 free tissue transfers were performed in 155 thrombophilic patients. Anticoagulation regimens varied widely but often included intraoperative continuous heparin, with or without additional bolus, followed by postoperative and outpatient anticoagulation. Hypercoagulable patients often developed late postoperative thromboses. Of the intraoperative thromboses, 36.4% were successfully salvaged. No flaps with postoperative thrombosis were salvaged. Preemptive therapeutic anticoagulation improved outcomes but increased the bleeding risk.

Conclusion Free tissue transfer may be successful in hypercoagulable patients. High-risk patients identified preoperatively should receive therapeutic anticoagulation initiated intraoperatively unless contraindicated. Salvage after postoperative thrombosis is poor. Ultimately, the benefits of free tissue transfer must be considered with the potential morbidity of bleeding complications on a case-by-case basis when developing a reconstructive plan. Initiating anticoagulation based on the presence of intraoperative risk factors may prevent unnecessary intervention.
Producing wind energy at the cost of biodiversity: A stakeholder view on a green-green dilemma
Authors: Voigt Christian C. , Straka Tanja M. , Fritze Marcus
Published: November 2019

Although renewable energy production is widely accepted as clean, it is not necessarily environmental neutral since, for example, wind turbines kill large numbers of airborne animals such as bats. Consequently, stakeholders involved in the planning and operation of wind turbines are often in conflict when trying to reconcile both goals, namely, promoting wind energy production and protecting bats. We report the responses to an online questionnaire sent out to stakeholders to assess this conflict. More than 80% of stakeholders acknowledged the conflict between bat conservation and wind energy production; yet, the majority was confident about solutions and all desired an ecologically sustainable energy transition. All groups, except members of the wind energy sector, disagreed with the statements that wind energy production is of higher priority than biodiversity protection and that global warming is more critical than the biodiversity crisis. All groups agreed that more measures have to be taken to make wind energy production ecologically sustainable and that the society should be included to pay for the implementation of these measures. All stakeholders except for members of the wind energy sector agreed on that revenue losses from wind energy production and delays in the transition process should be acceptable to resolve the green–green dilemma. Among offered choices, most stakeholders suggested engaging in more research, improving the efficiency of energy use and implementing context dependent cut-in speed during wind turbine operation. The suggestion to weaken the legal protection of wildlife species was dismissed by all, underlining the consensus to protect biodiversity.
Resistance of nanoclay reinforced epoxy composites to hyperthermal atomic oxygen attack
Authors: Wang Hei-long , Murray Vanessa J. , Qian Min , Minton Donna J. , Dong Ai-yi , Lau Kin-tak , Wu Bo-han , Che Li , Minton Timothy K.
Published: November 2019

Due to outstanding mechanical properties, heat resistance, and relatively facile production, nanoclay reinforced epoxy composites (NCRE composites) have been suggested as candidate materials for use on external surfaces of spacecraft residing in the low Earth orbit (LEO) environment. The resistance of the NCRE composites to bombardment by atomic oxygen (AO), a dominant component of the LEO environment, has been investigated. Four types of samples were used in this study. They were pure epoxy (0 wt% nanoclay content), and NCRE composites with different loadings of nanoclay—1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 4 wt%. Etch depths decreased with increasing nanoclay content, and for the 4 wt% samples it ranged from 28% to 37% compared to that of pure epoxy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates that after AO bombardment, relative area of C–C/C–H peak decreased, while the area of the C–O, ketones peaks increased, and the oxidation degree of surfaces increased. New carbon-related component carbonates were detected on nanoclay containing composite surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy indicates that aggregates formed on nanoclay-containing surfaces after AO bombardment. The sizes and densities of aggregates increased with nanoclay content. The combined erosion depths, XPS and SEM results indicate that although all the studied surfaces got eroded and oxidized after AO bombardment, the nanoclay containing composites showed better AO resistance compared to pure epoxy, because the produced aggregates on surface potentially act as a physical “shield”, effectively retarding parts of the surface from further AO etching.
Predicting deer–vehicle collision risk across Victoria, Australia
Authors: Davies Christopher , Wright Wendy , Hogan Fiona , Visintin Casey
Published: November 2019

The risk of deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) is increasing in south-east Australia as populations of introduced deer expand rapidly. There are no investigations of the spatial and temporal patterns of DVC or predictions of where such collisions are most likely to occur. Here, we use an analytical framework to model deer distribution and vehicle movements in order to predict DVC risk across the State of Victoria. We modelled the occurrence of deer using existing occurrence records and geographic climatic variables. We estimated patterns of vehicular movements from records of average annual daily traffic and speeds. Given the low number of DVCs reported in Victoria, we used a generalised linear regression model fitted to DVCs in California, USA. The fitted model coefficients suggested high collision risk on road segments with high predicted deer occurrence, moderate traffic volume and high traffic speed. We used the California deer model to predict collision risk on Victorian roads and validated the predictions with two independent datasets of DVC records from Victoria. The California deer model performed well when comparing predictions of collision risk to the independent DVC datasets and generated plausible DVC risk predictions across the State of Victoria.
Long-term decline in intergenerational mobility in the United States since the 1850s
Authors: Song Xi , Massey Catherine G. , Rolf Karen A. , Ferrie Joseph P. , Rothbaum Jonathan L. , Xie Yu
Published: November 2019

We make use of newly available data that include roughly 5 million linked household and population records from 1850 to 2015 to document long-term trends in intergenerational social mobility in the United States. Intergenerational mobility declined substantially over the past 150 y, but more slowly than previously thought. Intergenerational occupational rank–rank correlations increased from less than 0.17 to as high as 0.32, but most of this change occurred to Americans born before 1900. After controlling for the relatively high mobility of persons from farm origins, we find that intergenerational social mobility has been remarkably stable. In contrast with relative stability in rank-based measures of mobility, absolute mobility for the nonfarm population—the fraction of offspring whose occupational ranks are higher than those of their parents—increased for birth cohorts born prior to 1900 and has fallen for those born after 1940.
Solenodon genome reveals convergent evolution of venom in eulipotyphlan mammals
Authors: Casewell Nicholas R. , Petras Daniel , Card Daren C. , Suranse Vivek , Mychajliw Alexis M. , Richards David , Koludarov Ivan , Albulescu Laura-Oana , Slagboom Julien , Hempel Benjamin-Florian , Ngum Neville M. , Kennerley Rosalind J. , Brocca Jorge L. , Whiteley Gareth , Harrison Robert A. , Bolton Fiona M. S. , Debono Jordan , Vonk Freek J. , Alföldi Jessica , Johnson Jeremy , Karlsson Elinor K. , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin , Mellor Ian R. , Süssmuth Roderich D. , Fry Bryan G. , Kuruppu Sanjaya , Hodgson Wayne C. , Kool Jeroen , Castoe Todd A. , Barnes Ian , Sunagar Kartik , Undheim Eivind A. B. , Turvey Samuel T.
Published: November 2019

Venom systems are key adaptations that have evolved throughout the tree of life and typically facilitate predation or defense. Despite venoms being model systems for studying a variety of evolutionary and physiological processes, many taxonomic groups remain understudied, including venomous mammals. Within the order Eulipotyphla, multiple shrew species and solenodons have oral venom systems. Despite morphological variation of their delivery systems, it remains unclear whether venom represents the ancestral state in this group or is the result of multiple independent origins. We investigated the origin and evolution of venom in eulipotyphlans by characterizing the venom system of the endangered Hispaniolan solenodon (
Solenodon paradoxus
). We constructed a genome to underpin proteomic identifications of solenodon venom toxins, before undertaking evolutionary analyses of those constituents, and functional assessments of the secreted venom. Our findings show that solenodon venom consists of multiple paralogous kallikrein 1 (
KLK1
) serine proteases, which cause hypotensive effects in vivo, and seem likely to have evolved to facilitate vertebrate prey capture. Comparative analyses provide convincing evidence that the oral venom systems of solenodons and shrews have evolved convergently, with the 4 independent origins of venom in eulipotyphlans outnumbering all other venom origins in mammals. We find that
KLK1
s have been independently coopted into the venom of shrews and solenodons following their divergence during the late Cretaceous, suggesting that evolutionary constraints may be acting on these genes. Consequently, our findings represent a striking example of convergent molecular evolution and demonstrate that distinct structural backgrounds can yield equivalent functions.
Parliamentary impoliteness and the interpreter’s gender
Authors: Bartłomiejczyk Magdalena
Published: November 2019

Impoliteness is a common phenomenon across various democratically elected parliaments. However, in multilingual legislative bodies such as the European Parliament speakers have to rely on interpreters to transfer pragmatic meaning, including face-threatening acts and impoliteness. The existing research in the field of Interpreting Studies offers much evidence of the filtering effect that interpreting may have on impoliteness, through facework strategies introduced by interpreters. The main question here is whether female interpreters tend to mitigate grave, intentional impoliteness to a greater degree than male interpreters. My analysis of a large corpus composed of English-Polish interpretations of speeches by Eurosceptic MEPs shows that mitigation of impoliteness by interpreters is a widespread phenomenon. The illocutionary force of original statements is often modified by means of diverse interpreting strategies. However, the quantitative analysis of interpreter facework does not reveal a statistically significant gender-based difference in the distribution of approaches towards impoliteness.
Long-haul few mode fiber optic link with differential mode delay compensation
Authors: Burdin V A , Eremchuk E Y
Published: November 2019

This paper present results of simulation of the few mode fiber optic link with the differential mode delay compensation. There were considered some variants of compensation of differential mode delay including differential mode delay compensation together chromatic dispersion compensation on line optical amplifiers and differential mode dispersion compensation on more density maps.
Calculation of the vortex eigenfunctions of the finite propagation operator in the near-field diffraction
Authors: Kirilenko M S , Volotovskiy S G
Published: November 2019

The propagation of vortex laser beams in the near diffraction (at a distance in the order of the wavelength) can be described by means of an expansion in plane waves, which after considering vortices reduces to an vortex propagation operator involving Fourier-Hankel transforms. The eigenfunctions of the operator, when eigenvalues are close to one, determine the characteristics of the signals (information) transmitted lossless (without distortion). The beam propagation distance, vortex order and the region of spatial frequency limitation are parameters of the operator and they essentially change the set of eigenvalues and functions. We calculate the vortex eigenfunctions of the finite propagation operator in the near diffraction zone and investigate their qualitative and quantitative characteristics depending on the propagation distance, the order of vortex and the constraints imposed in the object and spectral domains.
Simulation of fiber optic sensors of electrical quantities based on Bragg gratings with instrumental errors correction
Authors: Zakharov V N , Leonovich G I , Krutov A F , Lobakh A E
Published: November 2019

The principle and an example of simulating a network high-sensitivity sensor of electrical quantities based on fiber Bragg gratings interlinked with a sensor-actuator structure, and a method for instrumental errors correction are described.
Bessel beam converter based on c-cut lithium niobate crystal
Authors: Karpeev S V , Paranin V D
Published: November 2019

The transformation of the 0th order Bessel beam into the 2nd order Bessel vortex beam is experimentally investigated. A c-cut lithium niobate crystal with a thickness of 514μm was used to convert the beams. It is shown that for a diffractive axicon with a period of 3.5μm illuminated by semiconductor laser (λ=639 nm), the output beam is a 2nd order Bessel vortex beam. It is shown that for a diffractive axicon with a period of 4μm illuminated by heliumneon laser (λ=632.8 nm), the output beam is a superposition of Bessel beams of the 0th and 2nd orders. The experimental results are in good accordance with mathematical modeling.
Combined technique based on light scattering for investigation of the colloid’s parameters
Authors: Savchenko E A , Nepomnyashchaya E K
Published: November 2019

The determination of colloid’s parameters is important issue in different fields of science and industry. The purpose of this work is investigation of the physical and dynamical parameters of colloid’s parameters. This paper offers new experimental setup of combined method based on light scattering techniques (dynamic light scattering and electrophoretic light scattering). Distinctive features of these methods are simplicity, informativeness, non-destructiveness and high accuracy of obtained results. Light scattering techniques are based on the correlation function of fluctuations of the intensity of scattered light calculation. The analysis of correlation function allows one to obtain the size distribution, translational diffusion coefficients and the molecular weight of biomolecules. In addition when an electric field is applied, we can determine electrophoretic mobility, zeta potential and the degree of intermolecular interaction directly in the liquid. In this paper, results of different types of colloid’s parameters are presented. The obtained results can be used, for example, in medical application for investigation of aggregation processes of proteins with nanoparticles (gold, magnetic, carbon and others), which may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.
Formation of microstructures on the surface of a carbaseole-containing azopolymer by the action of laser beams
Authors: Podlipnov V V , Ivliev N A , Khonina S N , Nesterenko D V , Meshalkin A Yu , Achimova E A
Published: November 2019

The formation of microstructures on the surface of a carbazole azopolymer occurred with a Gaussian beam of a linearly polarized laser with wavelengths of 405, 485, and 532 nm. Power density was changing. Images of the formed microprotrusions and their parameters were obtained depending on the power density and wavelength. The effect of the wavelength and susceptibility of the azopolymer to laser radiation at various wavelengths is shown.
Application of the electrooptical method for the analysis of surface nanoroughness of raceways of instrument bearings
Authors: Abramov A D , Goryainov D S , Grishin R G , Nosov N V
Published: November 2019

The control of the microrelief of surfaces of small-size details is a relevant objective for the mechanical engineering. We consider the issue of control by reference surface fragment with the radius of curvature comparable to the size of the fragment. We offer an optical method that uses the binary images of the target and the reference surfaces to control the nanoroughness of raceways of instrument bearings. A quasi-optimal correlation algorithm is used to compare two surface images. The value of the autocorrelation function allows to evaluate whether the roughness of the ring raceway of the instrument bearing corresponds to the norm. The results of the tests of the developed method showed its statistical stability. This allows us to use the method in serial production conditions. The results of nanoroughness analysis of surface with the roughness up to 0.02 microns after grinding with abrasive circles are provided.
Radiation model for spectral channels of Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 radiometers
Authors: Firsov K M , Razmolov A A , Klitochenko I I
Published: November 2019

A description of a radiation model used for calculations of radiation transfer in a cloudless and cloudy atmosphere of the Earth is given. To parameterize functions of atmospheric transmission due to molecular absorption, exponential series are applied, with parameters determined on the basis of line-by-line calculations using modern spectroscopic databases. For effective parametrization, a simple and accurate method of taking into account the spectral dependence of the response function of recording devices has been developed. Examples are given for sensors installed on Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 satellites.
Using probabilistic statistics to determine the parameters of doubly stochastic models based on autoregression with multiple roots
Authors: Vasiliev K K , Dementyiev V E , Andriyanov N A
Published: November 2019

An important task when describing images using mathematical models is the identification of parameters from an real image. Such a task is of particular difficulty for combined mathematical models, which, among other things, make it possible to describe multidimensional spatially inhomogeneous signals. An example of such a model is a doubly stochastic model based on autoregression with multiple roots of characteristic equations, which has an important property of quasi-isotropy and allows describing a smooth change in the statistical and correlation properties of simulated images. This work is aimed at developing algorithms for identifying the parameters of this model based on the estimated probabilistic properties of the available image.
Target identification for photon-counting image sensors, inspired by mechanisms of human visual perception
Authors: Antsiperov V E
Published: November 2019

Paper presents the new objects identification/recognition method, designed for modern image sensors. One of the main features of the method proposed is that it is initially focused on presenting the input data as a discrete set of photocounts of image sensors. The developing of the method was based on the machine learning approaches, so the synthesized identification algorithms are principally focused on the modern embedded computations. The results of numerical simulation are given at the end of the paper.
The problem of quality assessing for the methods of coherence maps calculation in InSAR remote sensing of the Earth data processing
Authors: Sosnovsky A V , Kobernichenko V G , Vinogradova N S
Published: November 2019

Interferometric coherence is an important indicator of the quality of interferograms obtained by synthetic aperture interferometric radars (InSAR), because the areas with low coherence are not suitable for interferometric data processing. The coherence value is used as a parameter for adaptive phase noise suppression algorithms. It can also be used for surface classification tasks. The paper investigates the problem of the coherence estimate reducing under the influence of the topographic phase slope and considers ways to reduce the impact of the slope on the estimate value. The paper presents a comparative efficiency analysis of four methods for coherence maps calculation used for the phase noise suppression on the interferograms by a spectral adaptive filter in interferometric data processing for the Earth’s remote sensing space radar ALOS PALSAR
Method of classification of technogenic objects on the basis of construction of multilayer thermal tomograms
Authors: Ischuk I N , Dolgov A A
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the problem of classification of man-made objects on the background of the earth’s surface, under the conditions of natural heat exchange with the environment based on the construction of multilayer thermal tomograms. The results of experimental testing of the proposed method of classification are presented.