bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint Analysis of Functional and Structural Connectomes Between Preterm and Term Infant Brains via Canonical Correlation Analysis With Locality Preserving Projection
Authors: Zhang Shu , He Zhibin , Du Lei , Zhang Yin , Yu Sigang , Wang Ruoyang , Hu Xintao , Jiang Xi , Zhang Tuo
Published: October 2021

Preterm is a worldwide problem that affects infants’ lives significantly. Moreover, the early impairment is more than limited to isolated brain regions but also to global and profound negative outcomes later, such as cognitive disorder. Therefore, seeking the differences of brain connectome between preterm and term infant brains is a vital step for understanding the developmental impairment caused by preterm. Existing studies revealed that studying the relationship between brain function and structure, and further investigating their differentiable connectomes between preterm and term infant brains is a way to comprehend and unveil the differences that occur in the preterm infant brains. Therefore, in this article, we proposed a novel canonical correlation analysis (CCA) with locality preserving projection (LPP) approach to investigate the relationship between brain functional and structural connectomes and how such a relationship differs between preterm and term infant brains. CCA is proposed to study the relationship between functional and structural connections, while LPP is adopted to identify the distinguishing features from the connections which can differentiate the preterm and term brains. After investigating the whole brain connections on a fine-scale connectome approach, we successfully identified 89 functional and 97 structural connections, which mostly contributed to differentiate preterm and term infant brains from the functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion MRI (dMRI) of the public developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) dataset. By further exploring those identified connections, the results innovatively revealed that the identified functional connections are short-range and within the functional network. On the contrary, the identified structural connections are usually remote connections across different functional networks. In addition, these connectome-level results show the new insights that longitudinal functional changes could deviate from longitudinal structural changes in the preterm infant brains, which help us better understand the brain-behavior changes in preterm infant brains.
LGR5-Positive Supporting Cells Survive Ototoxic Trauma in the Adult Mouse Cochlea
Authors: Smith-Cortinez Natalia , Yadak Rana , Hendriksen Ferry G. J. , Sanders Eefje , Ramekers Dyan , Stokroos Robert J. , Versnel Huib , Straatman Louise V.
Published: October 2021

Sensorineural hearing loss is mainly caused by irreversible damage to sensory hair cells (HCs). A subgroup of supporting cells (SCs) in the cochlea express leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a marker for tissue-resident stem cells. LGR5+ SCs could be used as an endogenous source of stem cells for regeneration of HCs to treat hearing loss. Here, we report long-term presence of LGR5+ SCs in the mature adult cochlea and survival of LGR5+ SCs after severe ototoxic trauma characterized by partial loss of inner HCs and complete loss of outer HCs. Surviving LGR5+ SCs (confirmed by GFP expression) were located in the third row of Deiters’ cells. We observed a change in the intracellular localization of GFP, from the nucleus in normal-hearing to cytoplasm and membrane in deafened mice. These data suggests that the adult mammalian cochlea possesses properties essential for regeneration even after severe ototoxic trauma.
Neuroligin-3: A Circuit-Specific Synapse Organizer That Shapes Normal Function and Autism Spectrum Disorder-Associated Dysfunction
Authors: Uchigashima Motokazu , Cheung Amy , Futai Kensuke
Published: October 2021

Chemical synapses provide a vital foundation for neuron-neuron communication and overall brain function. By tethering closely apposed molecular machinery for presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic signal transduction, circuit- and context- specific synaptic properties can drive neuronal computations for animal behavior. Trans-synaptic signaling via synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) serves as a promising mechanism to generate the molecular diversity of chemical synapses. Neuroligins (Nlgns) were discovered as postsynaptic CAMs that can bind to presynaptic CAMs like Neurexins (Nrxns) at the synaptic cleft. Among the four (Nlgn1-4) or five (Nlgn1-3, Nlgn4X, and Nlgn4Y) isoforms in rodents or humans, respectively, Nlgn3 has a heterogeneous expression and function at particular subsets of chemical synapses and strong association with non-syndromic autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several lines of evidence have suggested that the unique expression and function of Nlgn3 protein underlie circuit-specific dysfunction characteristic of non-syndromic ASD caused by the disruption of Nlgn3 gene. Furthermore, recent studies have uncovered the molecular mechanism underlying input cell-dependent expression of Nlgn3 protein at hippocampal inhibitory synapses, in which trans-synaptic signaling of specific alternatively spliced isoforms of Nlgn3 and Nrxn plays a critical role. In this review article, we overview the molecular, anatomical, and physiological knowledge about Nlgn3, focusing on the circuit-specific function of mammalian Nlgn3 and its underlying molecular mechanism. This will provide not only new insight into specific Nlgn3-mediated trans-synaptic interactions as molecular codes for synapse specification but also a better understanding of the pathophysiological basis for non-syndromic ASD associated with functional impairment in Nlgn3 gene.
Neuropoly: An Educational Board Game to Facilitate Neurology Learning
Authors: Raskurazhev Anton , Kuznetsova Polina , Khizhnikova Anastasia Evgenievna , Klochkov Anton , Bakulin Ilya , Annushkin Vladislav , Tanashyan Marine , Suponeva Natalya , Gnedovskaya Elena
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Neurology is arguably one of the most difficult subjects to teach and study in the medical curriculum. Educational games (EG) may be a valid option to enhance motivation in neurology residents.

Methods: We developed an educational board game (Neuropoly) to assist in teaching neurology. We present here an overview of the game, as well as the results of a pilot study aimed at determining: (a) the efficacy of the game in teaching certain neurological concepts; and (b) student compliance and satisfaction with the EG.

Results: The pre- and post-play questionnaire scores differed significantly (3.2 ± 1.7 vs. 7.8 ± 1.6, p < 0.001). Our group of residents, showing an overwhelmingly positive response, very well received the game. The questions were rated as above average regarding difficulty.

Conclusion: The “Neuropoly” educational board game has been shown to be interesting, efficient, and motivational among first- and second-year neurology residents. Novel educational methods for complex medical disciplines should be developed, with board games being a viable and inexpensive approach.
Development of Models to Predict Postoperative Complications for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bao Mingyang , Zhu Qiuyu , Aji Tuerganaili , Wei Shuyao , Tuergan Talaiti , Ha Xiaoqin , Tulahong Alimu , Hu Xiaoyi , Hu Yueqing
Published: October 2021

Background

Surgical treatment remains the best option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, there is no optimal tool based on readily accessible clinical parameters to predict postoperative complications. Herein, our study aimed to develop models that permitted risk of severe complications to be assessed before and after liver resection based on conventional variables.

Methods

A total of 1,047 patients treated by hepatectomy for HCC with HBV infection at three different centers were recruited retrospectively between July 1, 2014, and July 1, 2018. All surgical complications were recorded and scored by the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI). A CCI ≥26.2 was used as a threshold to define patients with severe complications. We built two models for the CCI, one using preoperative and one using preoperative and postoperative data. Besides, CCI and other potentially relevant factors were evaluated for their ability to predict early recurrence and metastasis. All the findings were internally validated in the Hangzhou cohort and then externally validated in the Lanzhou and Urumqi cohorts.

Results

Multivariable analysis identified National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) index, tumor number, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), potassium, and thrombin time as the key preoperative parameters related to perioperative complications. The nomogram based on the preoperative model [preoperative CCI After Surgery for Liver tumor (CCIASL-pre)] showed good discriminatory performance internally and externally. A more accurate model [postoperative CCI After Surgery for Liver tumor (CCIASL-post)] was established, combined with the other four postoperative predictors including leukocyte count, basophil count, erythrocyte count, and total bilirubin level. No significant association was observed between CCI and long-term complications.

Conclusion

Based on the widely available clinical data, statistical models were established to predict the complications after hepatectomy in patients with HBV infection. All the findings were extensively validated and shown to be applicable nationwide. Such models could be used as guidelines for surveillance follow-up and the design of post-resection adjuvant therapy.
Utilization Pattern for Eculizumab Among Children With Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Ranabothu Saritha , Brown Clare C. , Blaszak Richard , Millner Rachel , Moore Kristen Rice , Prodhan Parthak
Published: October 2021

Background: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a complex disease with multi-organ involvement. Eculizumab therapy is recommended for treatment of complement mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (cHUS). However, there are few studies evaluating eculizumab therapy among children with HUS. The primary objectives of the study were to describe and identify factors associated with eculizumab therapy in children with HUS.

Design/Methods: This large, retrospective, multi-center, cohort study used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify the index HUS-related hospitalization among patients ≤18 years of age from September 23, 2011 (Food and Drug Administration approval date of eculizumab) through December 31, 2018. Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with eculizumab therapy during or after the index hospitalization.

Results: Among 1,885 children included in the study, eculizumab therapy was noted in 167 children with a median age of 3.99 years (SD ± 4.7 years). Eculizumab therapy was administered early (within the first 7 days of hospitalization) among 65% of children who received the drug. Mortality during the index hospitalization among children with eculizumab therapy was 4.2 vs. 3.0% without eculizumab therapy (p = 0.309). Clinical factors independently associated with eculizumab therapy were encephalopathy [odds ratio (OR) = 3.09; p ≤ 0.001], seizure disorder (OR = 2.37; p = 0.006), and cardiac involvement (OR = 6.36, p < 0.001).

Conclusion(s): Only 8.9% of children received eculizumab therapy. Children who presented with neurological and cardiac involvement with severe disease were more likely to receive eculizumab therapy, and children who received therapy received it early during their index hospitalization. Further prospective studies are suggested to confirm these findings.
Case Report: The Association of Wilson Disease in a Patient With Ataxia and GLUT-1 Deficiency
Authors: Diaz Jenna , Fonseca Ashley G. , Arboleda Richard , Frade Alejandro , Gennaro Maria Pilar , Jayakar Parul , Schleifer Paula , Hernandez Erick
Published: October 2021

Background: Wilson disease (WD) and glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency syndrome are two syndromes with different modes of inheritance but share certain similarities on neurological presentation. To date we have not found previous reports of an association between these two disorders.

Case Presentation: Here we describe a 9-year-old male with global developmental delay that presented with intermittent and sudden onset weakness that first occurred at age 3. He was diagnosed with a mutation in the SLC2A1 (Solute Carrier Family 2 Member 1) gene, which results in GLUT1 deficiency. A ketogenic diet could not be started because of unexplained elevated liver enzymes. Due to his liver enzymes' persistent elevation, further investigations demonstrated mildly decreased ceruloplasmin levels, high basal 24-h urinary copper excretion, and an elevated hepatic parenchymal copper concentration on liver biopsy, consistent with WD. Genetic testing revealed two separate mutations in the ATP7B (ATPase Copper Transporting Beta) gene, consistent with WD. The patient was treated with a low copper diet, zinc acetate, and trientine hydrochloride. When liver enzymes normalized, he was subsequently started on a ketogenic diet with improvement in neurological symptoms. His neurological symptoms were most likely secondary to GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, as WD's neurological symptoms are primarily observed in the second decade of life.

Conclusion: Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of genetic testing upon unexplained persistent elevation of liver enzymes. This case highlights the importance of carefully evaluating a patient with an unexplained liver disorder, even in the presence of primary neurological disease, as it can have significant therapeutic implications.
Extracellular Vesicle Proteins and MicroRNAs Are Linked to Chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Service Members and Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Guedes Vivian A. , Lai Chen , Devoto Christina , Edwards Katie A. , Mithani Sara , Sass Dilorom , Vorn Rany , Qu Bao-Xi , Rusch Heather L. , Martin Carina A. , Walker William C. , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Diaz-Arrastia Ramon , Gill Jessica M. , Kenney Kimbra
Published: October 2021

Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common in military populations, and frequently associated with a history of combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). In this study, we examined relationships between severity of PTSD symptoms and levels of extracellular vesicle (EV) proteins and miRNAs measured in the peripheral blood in a cohort of military service members and Veterans (SMs/Vs) with chronic mTBI(s). Participants (n = 144) were divided into groups according to mTBI history and severity of PTSD symptoms on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). We analyzed EV levels of 798 miRNAs (miRNAs) as well as EV and plasma levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), Tau, Amyloid beta (Aβ) 42, Aβ40, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We observed that EV levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) were elevated in participants with more severe PTSD symptoms (PCL-5 ≥ 38) and positive mTBI history, when compared to TBI negative controls (p = 0.024) and mTBI participants with less severe PTSD symptoms (p = 0.006). Levels of EV NfL, plasma NfL, and hsa-miR-139–5p were linked to PCL-5 scores in regression models. Our results suggest that levels of NfL, a marker of axonal damage, are associated with PTSD symptom severity in participants with remote mTBI. Specific miRNAs previously linked to neurodegenerative and inflammatory processes, and glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathways, among others, were also associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms. Our findings provide insights into possible signaling pathways linked to the development of persistent PTSD symptoms after TBI and biological mechanisms underlying susceptibility to PTSD.
A Lightweight One-Stage Defect Detection Network for Small Object Based on Dual Attention Mechanism and PAFPN
Authors: Zhang Yue , Xie Fei , Huang Lei , Shi Jianjun , Yang Jiale , Li Zongan
Published: October 2021

Normally functioning and complete printed circuit board (PCB) can ensure the safety and reliability of electronic equipment. PCB defect detection is extremely important in the field of industrial inspection. For traditional methods of PCB inspection, such as contact detection, are likely to damage the PCB surface and have high rate of erroneous detection. In recent years, methods of detection through image processing and machine learning have gradually been put into use. However, PCB inspection is still an extremely challenging task due to the small defects and the complex background. To solve this problem, a lightweight one-stage defect detection network based on dual attention mechanism and Path Aggregation Feature Pyramid Network (PAFPN) has been proposed. At present, some methods of defect detection in industrial applications are often based on object detection algorithms in the field of deep learning. Through comparative experiments, compared with the Faster R-CNN and YOLO v3 which are usually used in the current industrial detection, the inference time of our method are reduced by 17.46 milliseconds (ms) and 4.75 ms, and the amount of model parameters is greatly reduced. It is only 4.42 M, which is more suitable for industrial fields and embedded development systems. Compared with the common one-stage object detection algorithm Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detection (FCOS), mean Average Precision (mAP) is increased by 9.1%, and the amount of model parameters has been reduced by 86.12%.
Neck Chamber Technique Revisited: Low-Noise Device Delivering Negative and Positive Pressure and Enabling Concomitant Carotid Artery Imaging With Ultrasonography
Authors: Seredyński Rafał , Okupnik Tymoteusz , Musz Przemysław , Tubek Stanisław , Ponikowska Beata , Paleczny Bartłomiej
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Recently, novel noiseless device for the assessment of baroreceptor function with the neck suction (NS) has been presented. In this study, we present another in-house approach to the variable-pressure neck chamber method. Our device offers further critical improvements. First, it enables delivery of negative (NS) as well as positive pressure (neck pressurizing, NP) in a noiseless manner. Second, we used small, 3D-printed cups positioned over the carotid sinuses instead of cumbersome neck collar to improve subject comfort and to test feasibility of tracking the pressure-induced changes in carotid artery with ultrasonography.

Methods: Five healthy, non-smoking, normal-weight subjects aged 29 ± 3 years (mean ± SD) volunteered for the study. Heart rate (HR, bpm) and mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg) responses to short, 7-s long episodes of NS and NP were recorded. Each trial consisted of 12 episodes of variable-pressure: six episodes of NS (suction ranging between -10 and -80 mmHg) and six episodes of NP (pressure ranging between + 10 and + 80 mmHg). Carotid artery sonography was performed during the NS and NP in four subjects, on another occasion.

Results: The variable-pressure episodes resulted consistently in the expected pattern of hemodynamic alterations: HR and MAP increases or decreases following the NP and NS, respectively, as evidenced by the coefficient of determination (R2) of ≥0.78 for the carotid-HR response curve (for all five participants) and the carotid-MAP response curve (for four out of five participants; the curve cannot be calculated for one subject). We found a linear, dose-dependent relation between the applied pressure and the systolic-diastolic difference in carotid artery diameter.

Conclusion: The novel device enables noiseless stimulation and unloading of the carotid baroreceptors with the negative and positive pressure, respectively, applied on the subject’s neck via small, asymmetric and one-side flattened, 3D-printed cups. The unique design of the cups enables concomitant visualizing of the carotid artery during the NS or NP administration, and thereby direct monitoring of the intensity of mechanical stimulus targeting the carotid baroreceptors.
Acute Effects of Foam Rolling on Hamstrings After Half-Marathon: A Muscle Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Shu Dingbo , Zhang Chuan , Dai Siyu , Wang Shubo , Liu Jie , Ding Jianping
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Foam rolling (FR) is widely used for post-exercise muscle recovery; yet, the effects of FR on skeletal muscle inflammation and microvascular perfusion following prolonged exercise are poorly understood. We aim to address the gap in knowledge by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) sequences to study the acute effects of FR on hamstrings following half-marathon running in recreational runners.

Methods: Sixteen healthy recreational marathon runners were recruited. After half-marathon running, FR was performed on the hamstrings on the dominant side, while the other limb served as a control. MRI T2 and IVIM scans were performed bilaterally at baseline (pre-run), 2–3 h after running (post-run), immediately after FR (post-FR0), 30 min after FR (post-FR30) and 60 min after FR (post-FR60). T2, a marker for inflammatory edema, as well as IVIM microvascular perfusion fraction index f for biceps femoris long head (BFL), semitendinosus (ST) and semimembranosus (SM) were determined. Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale score was also collected.

Results: Both T2 and f were higher at post-run compared to pre-run in all hamstrings on both sides (all p < 0.05; all d > 1.0). For the FR side, T2 decreased, and f increased significantly at post-FR0 and post-FR30 compared to post-run in all muscles (p < 0.05; all d > 0.4) except for f at BFL and SM at post-FR30 (both p > 0.05), though f at BFL was still marginally elevated at post-FR30 (p = 0.074, d = 0.91). Both parameters for all muscles returned to post-run level at post-FR60 (all p > 0.05; all d < 0.4) except for T2 at SM (p = 0.037). In contrast, most MRI parameters were not changed at post-FR0, post-FR30 and post-FR60 compared to post-run for the control side (p < 0.05; d < 0.2). TQR scores were elevated at post-FR0 and post-FR30 compared to post-run (both p < 0.05; both d > 1.0), and returned to the post-run level at post-FR60 (p > 0.99; d = 0.09). Changes in TQR scores compared to post-run at any time points after FR were correlated to T2 for ST at post-FR30 (r = 0.50, p = 0.047) but not T2 for other muscles and any changes in f values.

Conclusions: Hamstrings inflammatory edema and microvascular perfusion were elevated following half-marathon running, which were detectable with MRI T2 mapping and IVIM sequences. FR resulted in acute alleviation in inflammation and greater microvascular perfusion; however, the effects seemed to last only for a short period of time (30–60 min). FR can provide short-term benefits to skeletal muscle after prolonged running.
Cells at the Edge: The Dentin–Bone Interface in Zebrafish Teeth
Authors: Rosa Joana T. , Witten Paul Eckhard , Huysseune Ann
Published: October 2021

Bone-producing osteoblasts and dentin-producing odontoblasts are closely related cell types, a result from their shared evolutionary history in the ancient dermal skeleton. In mammals, the two cell types can be distinguished based on histological characters and the cells’ position in the pulp cavity or in the tripartite periodontal complex. Different from mammals, teleost fish feature a broad diversity in tooth attachment modes, ranging from fibrous attachment to firm ankylosis to the underlying bone. The connection between dentin and jaw bone is often mediated by a collar of mineralized tissue, a part of the dental unit that has been termed “bone of attachment”. Its nature (bone, dentin, or an intermediate tissue type) is still debated. Likewise, there is a debate about the nature of the cells secreting this tissue: osteoblasts, odontoblasts, or yet another (intermediate) type of scleroblast. Here, we use expression of the P/Q rich secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein 5 (scpp5) to characterize the cells lining the so-called bone of attachment in the zebrafish dentition.scpp5is expressed in late cytodifferentiation stage odontoblasts but not in the cells depositing the “bone of attachment”. nor inbona fideosteoblasts lining the supporting pharyngeal jaw bone. Together with the presence of the osteoblast marker Zns-5, and the absence of covering epithelium, this links the cells depositing the “bone of attachment” to osteoblasts rather than to odontoblasts. The presence of dentinal tubule-like cell extensions and the near absence of osteocytes, nevertheless distinguishes the “bone of attachment” from true bone. These results suggest that the “bone of attachment” in zebrafish has characters intermediate between bone and dentin, and, as a tissue, is better termed “dentinous bone”. In other teleosts, the tissue may adopt different properties. The data furthermore support the view that these two tissues are part of a continuum of mineralized tissues. Expression ofscpp5can be a valuable tool to investigate how differentiation pathways diverge between osteoblasts and odontoblasts in teleost models and help resolving the evolutionary history of tooth attachment structures in actinopterygians.
Cold Exposure Affects Lipid Metabolism, Fatty Acids Composition and Transcription in Pig Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Xu Ziye , Chen Wentao , Wang Liyi , Zhou Yanbing , Nong Qiuyun , Valencak Teresa G. , Wang Yizhen , Xie Jintang , Shan Tizhong
Published: October 2021

Cold exposure promotes glucose oxidation and modulates the lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, but it is still not fully clear whether cold exposure could affect meat quality and fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle of pig in vivo. Here, we kept finishing pigs under cold or room temperature overnight and determined the effects of cold exposure on meat quality, fatty acids composition and transcriptional changes in skeletal muscle of pigs. We found that cold exposure significantly reduced the meat colour24 h and pH24 h, without affecting carcass characteristics and other meat quality traits. Considerable changes were found in the proportions of individual fatty acids and the total content of saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acid and n3-fatty acids. RNA-seq results showed upregulated fatty acid biosynthesis genes and downregulated mitochondrial beta-oxidation genes. The lipid metabolism in cold-treated longissimus dorsi muscle might be regulated by functions of the lipoprotein particle, the extracellular matrix, and the PPAR signaling pathways. Our study revealed the potential of cold exposure to regulate the lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition in skeletal muscle of farmed animals.
Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life Depression: A Comparative Study of Healthy Older People, Late-Life Depression, and Mild Alzheimer's Disease Using Multivariate Base Rates of Low Scores
Authors: Masse Caroline , Vandel Pierre , Sylvestre Géraldine , Noiret Nicolas , Bennabi Djamila , Mauny Frédéric , Puyraveau Marc , Barsznica Yoan , Dartevelle Jonathan , Meyer Agatha , Binetruy Mickaël , Lavaux Marie , Ryff Ilham , Giustiniani Julie , Magnin Eloi , Galmiche Jean , Haffen Emmanuel , Chopard Gilles
Published: October 2021

Late-Life Depression (LLD) is often associated with cognitive impairment. However, distinction between cognitive impairment due to LLD and those due to normal aging or mild Alzheimer's Disease (AD) remain difficult. The aim of this study was to present and compare the multivariate base rates of low scores in LLD, mild AD, and healthy control groups on a battery of neuropsychological tests. Participants (ages 60–89) were 352 older healthy adults, 390 patients with LLD, and 234 patients with mild AD (i.e., MMSE ≥ 20). Multivariate base rates of low scores (i.e., ≤ 5th percentile) were calculated for each participant group within different cognitive domains (verbal episodic memory, executive skills, mental processing speed, constructional praxis, and language/semantic memory). Obtaining at least one low score was relatively common in healthy older people controls (from 9.4 to 17.6%), and may thus result in a large number of false positives. By contrast, having at least two low scores was unusual (from 0.3 to 4.6%) and seems to be a more reliable criterion for identifying cognitive impairment in LLD. Having at least three low memory scores was poorly associated with LLD (5.9%) compared to mild AD (76.1%) and may provide a useful way to differentiate between these two conditions [χ(1)2 = 329.8, p < 0.001; Odds Ratio = 50.7, 95% CI = 38.2–77.5]. The multivariate base rate information about low scores in healthy older people and mild AD may help clinicians to identify cognitive impairments in LLD patients, improve the clinical decision-making, and target those who require regular cognitive and clinical follow-up.
Jinx, Control, and the Necessity of Adjustment: Superstitions Among Football Fans
Authors: Levental Orr , Carmi Udi , Lev Assaf
Published: October 2021

Superstitions are behaviors human beings use to gain a sense of control over certain events in their lives. Thus, sport and its inherent uncertainty provide fertile ground for superstitious behavior. Research on this subject has focused mainly on athletes while examining the behavioral expressions, motivations, and characteristics of fans’ superstitions that have remained marginal; therefore, the present paper aims to address this lacuna by analyzing these behaviors as part of sports fandom and fans’ daily routines. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 24 Israeli football fans of local teams. Key findings illustrate two themes: time dependent acts of superstition; and place. It is argued that superstitious behavior serves fans in two ways. First, making them feel their actions influence the match outcomes and helping their favorite team beyond simply cheering in the stands. Second, reducing the level of uncertainty and subsequent stress level characteristic of being a sports fan. Furthermore, following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic when fans’ access to stadiums was restricted, the results show that the fans’ absence from the stadiums led to a reduction in the quantity and frequency of their superstitious behaviors, pointing to the significance of sporting venues in fan behavior.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Korean Version of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills for Young Adults (PEERS®-YA-K) With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Oh Miae , Laugeson Elizabeth , Kim Joo-Hyun , Lee Kyungah , Kim Jeeyun , Lee SeungHa , Lim Bora , Cha Seyoung , Bong Guiyoung , Yoon Nan-He , Bahn Geon Ho , Yoo Hee Jeong
Published: October 2021

Evidence-based social skills interventions for young adults are limited, despite social difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) persisting after transition to adulthood. The Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills for Young Adults (PEERS®-YA) is an evidence-based intervention found to be effective in improving relational skills in young adults with ASD. To translate the original American version of the PEERS®-YA treatment manual into Korean, intensive interviews were performed. Based on results from interviews, several rules of dating etiquette and social activities were modified to be culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate. Next, young adults diagnosed with ASD (18–35 years of age; IQ > 70) and their social coaches were recruited for the randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants were randomly assigned either to a treatment group (TG; n = 19) or a delayed treatment group (DTG; n = 18). In the analysis of group differences in the TG and DTG, social skills knowledge was improved. The within group analyses showed positive effects of improving social skills knowledge on reducing depression and anxiety symptoms. After modest cultural adaptations focusing on dating and social activities, the implementation of the PEERS®-YA-K was found feasible for the Korean community. This is one of only a few cross-cultural validation trials establishing evidence-based treatment in young adults with ASD.

Clinical Trial Registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03310775.
“Lock and Protect”: Development of a Digital Decision Aid to Support Lethal Means Counseling in Parents of Suicidal Youth
Authors: Asarnow Joan R. , Zullo Lucas , Ernestus Stephanie M. , Venables Chase W. , Goldston David B. , Tunno Angela M. , Betz Marian E.
Published: October 2021

Objective: Reducing access to lethal methods is an effective suicide prevention strategy that is often neglected in routine care. Digital interventions have shown promise for addressing such gaps in care; and decision aids have proven useful for supporting complicated health-related decisions, like those involving lethal means restriction. This article describes a parent/caregiver-facing web-based decision aid, the development process, and user testing.

Method: A user-centered, participatory, mixed methods development design was employed. Beginning with an adult-focused decision aid developed by members of our team, we assessed ten iterations of the parent/caregiver decision aid with stakeholders (N = 85) using qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys. Stakeholders included: parents/caregivers whose children had histories of suicidal episodes before age 25, young adults with histories of suicidal thoughts/behaviors, firearm owners/representatives from firearm stores/ranges/groups, mental and medical health care providers, and emergency responders.

Results: The final “Lock and Protect” decision aid was viewed as “useful for changing access to lethal means” by 100% of participants. Ninety-four percent of participants rated the information on reducing access to lethal means as good to excellent, and 91% rated the information on storage options as good to excellent. Qualitative feedback underscored a preference for offering this digital tool with a “human touch,” as part of safety and discharge planning.

Conclusions: “Lock and Protect” is a user-friendly web-based tool with potential for improving rates of lethal means counseling for parents/caregivers of suicidal youth and ultimately reducing pre-mature deaths by suicide.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Mental Health in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yao Lei , Fang Hanliu , Leng Wanchun , Li Junfeng , Chang Jindong
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The recommendation of exercise programs in the senior population may benefit inactive and sedentary individuals and improve and help to treat specific health conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the published evidence from RCT studies of aerobic exercise interventions for mental health in older adults over the last 20 years.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and ProQuest.

Results: A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The subjects of these studies were aged 60 years or older and had various physical health statuses. In 15 studies, the mean effect size for the experimental outcome was 0.56 ± 0.39 (95%CI: 0.36–0.76). One-way ANOVA indicated no significant differences in the intervention duration [F(2,15) = 0.919, p = 0.420], subject category [F(2,15) = 0.046, p = 0.955], or measurement category [F(3,14) = 0.967, p = 0.436]. However, there were significant differences in exercise frequencies [F(2,15) = 6.03, p = 0.012].

Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that aerobic exercise is beneficial for improving the mental health of adults aged 60 years and older. The intervention effect can be achieved regardless of the type of subject and the duration of the intervention. Further, the present study indicates that low-frequency, long-term and regular aerobic exercise is more effective for older adults. Therefore, we recommend that older adults to exercise at a low frequency depending on their physical condition.
Plastics and Plankton in Our Seas
Authors: Lindeque Penelope K. , Botterell Zara L. R. , Coppock Rachel L. , Cole Matthew
Published: October 2021

Plastic litter is found everywhere. Walk onto any beach around the world and you will almost certainly find plastic. The harm that large plastic litter can cause to marine animals is well-known; for example, you may have seen sad pictures of turtles eating plastic bags or seals tangled in discarded fishing nets. However, scientists are also concerned about microscopic-sized plastic that we do not normally see, and the problems these tiny plastic particles can cause to small marine animals called zooplankton. We focus on a group of zooplankton called copepods. These small-but-mighty crustaceans are amongst the most abundant animals on our planet, and they play a vital role in regulating Earth’s climate. In this article, we will explain what happens when copepods encounter this microscopic plastic, why they eat plastic, and the impacts it has on their health and on the wider ecosystem.
Growing Up Under COVID-19: Young People’s Agency in Family Dynamics
Authors: Shah Malika , Rizzo Sara , Percy-Smith Barry , Monchuk Leanne , Lorusso Enrica , Tay Chermaine , Day Laurie
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic transformed the nature of family life in countries across the world. School, and workplace closures meant that families spent more time at home and had to confront new economic, social, and psychological challenges as a result of lockdowns and the greater proximity of family members. Policy, research and media coverage of the pandemic’s impact on family life has focused primarily on the economic costs borne by households. This article draws on the findings from an empirical research project funded by the UK Nuffield Foundation on “Politics, Participation and Pandemics: Growing up under COVID-19”, which worked with young people as co-researchers, to present an innovative perspective on the impact of lockdown on family relationships. The research team adopted a longitudinal ethnographic action research approach to document and make sense of the experiences of young people (aged 14–18) in four countries: Italy, Lebanon Singapore and the United Kingdom. The project used digital ethnography and participatory methods to track the responses of 70 young people to the challenges created by the pandemic. The study used the family as a prism for understanding how the lives of children and young people in different family circumstances and relationships were affected by the crisis. This article analyses, firstly, the complex shifting dynamics within households to identify the transformative effects of the pandemic on family life in various socio-cultural contexts. Secondly, it examines how young people’s agency shaped family dynamics. In conclusion, the authors recommend how the findings from the study can be used to inform government interventions designed to minimise the impacts of the pandemic on the social well-being and rights of children and young people, and to recognise them as active participants in family and civic life both during and after the pandemic
Selective Simulated Annealing for Large Scale Airspace Congestion Mitigation
Authors: Lavandier Julien , Islami Arianit , Delahaye Daniel , Chaimatanan Supatcha , Abecassis Amir
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a methodology to minimize the airspace congestion of aircraft trajectories based on slot allocation techniques. The traffic assignment problem is modeled as a combinatorial optimization problem for which a selective simulated annealing has been developed. Based on the congestion encountered by each aircraft in the airspace, this metaheuristic selects and changes the time of departure of the most critical flights in order to target the most relevant aircraft. The main objective of this approach is to minimize the aircraft speed vector disorder. The proposed algorithm was implemented and tested on simulated trajectories generated with real flight plans on a day of traffic over French airspace with 8800 flights.
Effects of Different Water Table Depth and Salinity Levels on Quality Traits of Bread Wheat
Authors: Sezer İsmail , Akay Hasan , Mut Zeki , Arslan Hakan , Öztürk Elif , Erbaş Köse Özge Doğanay , Kiremit Mehmet Sait
Published: October 2021

Abiotic stress factors encountered in production lands influence both the yield and the quality traits of bread wheat. This study investigated the effects of three different water table depths (30, 55, and 80 cm) and four different groundwater salinity levels (0.38, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 dSm−1) on some quality traits of bread wheat under irrigated and unirrigated conditions. The experiments were conducted in the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons in randomized blocks—factorial (three factors) experimental design with three replications under controlled conditions. The hectoliter weight, fat ratio, starch ratio, protein content, Zeleny sedimentation, wet gluten content, ash ratio, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) values were investigated. The hectoliter weights varied between 66.1% and 77.8 kg, fat ratios between 1.49% and 1.70%, starch ratios between 61.9% and 67.8%, protein contents between 11.9% and 13.8%, Zeleny sedimentation values between 23.5 and 28.0 mL, wet gluten contents between 25.0% and 28.8%, ash ratios between 1.43% and 1.75%, and ADF values between 2.85% and 4.12%. The quality traits were positively influenced by increasing the water table depths. With increasing the groundwater salinity levels, the hectoliter weight, fat ratio, starch ratio, and NDF values decreased, while the protein ratio, sedimentation value, wet gluten content, ash ratio, and ADF values increased.
The Effects of Stocking Density and Distances on Electroencephalographic Changes and Cortisol as Welfare Indicators in Brahman Crossbred Cattle
Authors: Abubakar Ahmed A. , Zulkifli Idrus , Goh Yong M. , Kaka Ubedullah , Sabow Azad B. , Awad Elmutaz A. , Imlan Jurhamid C. , Othman Azalea H. , Raghazli Razlina , Mitin Helen , Sazili Awis Q.
Published: October 2021

The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of stocking density and distances on electroencephalographic changes and cortisol as welfare indicators in Brahman crossbred cattle. Sixty Brahman crossbred heifers were subjected to road transport from a cattle feedlot farm located in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang to a commercial ruminant abattoir in Shah Alam, Selangor. Animals were assigned to long (850 km) and short (450 km) distances and high (600 sqm), medium (400 sqm), and low (200 sqm) stocking densities. Results revealed that the intensity of cortisol responses and EEG parameters (such as alpha <0.001, beta < 0.001, delta < 0.001, theta < 0.001, MF < 0.001 and Ptot < 0.001) increased significantly. Long-distance transport also resulted in significantly more intense (<0.001) responses to nociception during slaughter than animals that had been transported over a shorter distance, as indicated by EEG and cortisol.
The Influence of Dehulling on the Nutritional Quality of Lupine Seeds (Lupinus albus L.) and the Effect of Their Use in the Feed of Laying Quails on the Live Performance and Quality of Eggs
Authors: Struţi Dănuţ Ioan , Bunea Andrea , Pop Ioan Mircea , Păpuc Tudor Andrei , Mierliţă Daniel Pantea
Published: October 2021

Lupinus albus seeds from low-alkaloid varieties are a valuable alternative source of protein for reducing the dependence on soybean meal for the feeding of monogastric animals. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the dehulling influence of lupine seeds (L. albus, cv. Amiga) and the effect of their use in the laying quails feed on live performance and egg quality. A total of 200 laying quails (Coturnix japonica), with an age of 10 weeks, were randomly assigned to five experimental groups (five replicates/group). Each group was randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments: the control group (C) diet was based on soybean meal, while the experimental groups received either 200 g/kg (WLS20) or 250 g/kg (WLS25) of whole lupine seeds in their diets, or 200 g/kg (DLS20) or 250 g/kg (DLS25) of dehulled lupine seeds in their diets. The results show that by dehulling the lupine seeds, the nutritional value of the seeds increased. The use of dehulled lupine seeds in the diet of laying quails did not affect the live performance (egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio), yolk cholesterol content, and physico-chemical quality indices of the eggs, compared with control. The presence of dehulled lupine seeds in the diet improved the nutritional quality of the yolk lipids because of the increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, the lipid quality indices of the yolk became more favorable to consumer health because of an increase in the h/H ratio (hypocholesterolemic/Hypercholesterolemic FA) and a decrease in the atherogenic index and thrombogenic index values. The higher content in carotenoids also contributed to the higher nutritional quality of the eggs obtained by lupine utilization. In conclusion, dehulling of lupine seeds had a positive influence on the nutritional quality of the seeds, the live performance of quails, and the quality of eggs.
Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity of Analogs of Wasp Venom EMP Peptides. Potential Influence of Oxidized Methionine
Authors: de la Salud Bea Roberto , North Lily J. , Horiuchi Sakura , Frawley Elaine R. , Shen Qian
Published: October 2021

The antibiotic and toxic properties for four synthetic analogs of eumenine mastoparan peptides (EMP) have been tested. These properties were compared to two natural peptides found in the venom of solitary wasps Anterhynchium flavomarginatum micado (natural peptide EMP-AF) and Eumenes rubrofemoratus (natural peptide EMP-ER), respectively. Only EMP-AF-OR showed concentration-dependent growth inhibition against all bacterial species tested. Gram positive species had MIC values of 10 μg/mL for B. subtilis and 25 μg/mL for S. aureus. Gram negative species had MIC values of 25 μg/mL for E. coli and 200 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa. Of the other tested peptides, EMP-ER-D2K2 also showed activity and inhibited growth of Bacillus subtilis in a concentration-dependent manner at 200 μg/mL. Peptide EMP-ER-OR reduced the final density of Escherichia coli and B. subtilis cultures but did not impact their growth kinetics. Peptides EMP-AF-OR, EMP-ER-OR, and EMP-ER-D2K2 showed limited antifungal activity against Candida albicans or Histoplasma capsulatum. The hemolytic activity of the analogs were moderated though reports of the natural peptides, especially EMP-AF-OR, already showed low toxicity against erythrocytes. These results are discussed in the context of the potential influence of oxidized methionine on EMP activity.