bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quercetin: Molecular Insights into Its Biological Roles
Authors: Boo Hye Joon , Yoon Danbi , Choi Yujeong , Kim Younghyun , Cha Jeong Seok , Yoo Jiho
Published: February 2025

Quercetin, a prevalent plant flavonoid, demonstrates many biological functions through its interaction with distinct protein targets. Recent structural investigations of protein–quercetin complexes have elucidated the molecular mechanism behind these actions. This paper presents a thorough structural analysis of experimentally established protein–quercetin complex structures published to date. The structure of the protein–quercetin complex elucidates the molecular mechanism by which quercetin influences protein function. These structures illustrate how quercetin’s chemical characteristics facilitate diverse modes of action by enabling particular interactions with the target protein. This structural knowledge provides the molecular foundation for comprehending quercetin’s biological roles and indicates avenues for future structural investigations of flavonoid–protein complexes, especially those with ambiguous molecular processes.
Piezo1 Regulates Odontogenesis via a FAM83G-Mediated Mechanism in Dental Papilla Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Sheng Xinyue , Li Jingzhou , Ma Haozhen , He Hongwen , Liu Qin , Jia Shilin , Zhang Fuping , Huang Fang
Published: February 2025

This study explored the role of Piezo1 in the odontogenic differentiation of dental papilla cells (DPCs) and tissue, focusing on a mechanism involving family with sequence similarity 83, member G (FAM83G). Here, we found Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, was upregulated during odontogenesis in DPCs and dental papilla tissues. Knockdown of Piezo1 impaired odontogenic differentiation, while its activation by Yoda1 enhanced the process. Using a 3D culture model and an ectopic transplantation model, we confirmed Piezo1’s role in vivo. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that FAM83G was upregulated in Piezo1-knockdown cells, and FAM83G silencing enhanced odontogenesis in DPCs. These findings indicate that Piezo1 positively regulates odontogenesis by inhibiting FAM83G in DPCs both in vitro and in vivo, with Piezo1 representing a potential target for dental tissue regeneration.
The Role of qSOFA, Derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, MEWS, and PIRO Scores in Predicting the Severity of Odontogenic Infections in Young and Adult Patients
Authors: Niculescu Serban Talpos , Avramut Robert , Hajaj Tareq , Maracineanu Raluca , Perdiou Antonis , Niculescu Roxana Talpos , Pricop Marius , Urechescu Horatiu , Urtila Florin , Radu Roxana , Stoican Nicoleta Nikolajevic , Popa Malina
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Odontogenic infections (OIs) can lead to severe complications if not promptly diagnosed and treated. The Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (dNLR); Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS); and Predisposition, Infection, Response, and Organ Dysfunction (PIRO) scores are clinical tools used to predict the severity and outcomes in various infections. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of these scores in predicting the severity of OIs in adult patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 120 patients hospitalized for OIs, divided into two groups based on infection severity, using the Symptom Severity (SS) scale. The qSOFA, dNLR, MEWS, and PIRO scores were calculated upon admission. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the predictive value of these scores for severe OIs. Results: Patients with severe OIs (Group B) had significantly higher qSOFA, dNLR, MEWS, and PIRO scores compared to those with lower severity (Group A). The median qSOFA score was 2.00 in Group B versus 0.85 in Group A. No significant difference was observed between young patients and adults in terms of severity. ROC curve analysis showed that the PIRO score had the highest predictive value for severe OI (AUC = 0.912), followed by MEWS (AUC = 0.878), qSOFA (AUC = 0.845), and dNLR (AUC = 0.812). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the PIRO score was an independent predictor of severe OI (OR = 8.45, 95% CI: 4.12–12.78). Conclusions: The qSOFA, dNLR, MEWS, and PIRO scores are valuable tools for predicting the severity of OIs. Among them, the PIRO score demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy and may be incorporated into clinical practice for early identification of high-risk patients.
Downregulation of Parahippocampal Copper Chaperone for Superoxide Dismutase in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sanchez Nicholas , Boskovic Danilo S. , Diamond Charles W. , Lyons Timothy W. , Soriano Salvador , Kirsch Wolff M.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Proper regulation of copper is essential for maintaining neuronal stability and is facilitated by several chaperone proteins, protecting cells from oxidative damage that would otherwise be caused by improperly regulated copper ions. Oxidative stress, resulting from such dysregulation, is hypothesized to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: In this study, we evaluated the concentrations of the copper chaperones CCS, DCTN4, and ATOX1 in control and AD cases via Western blotting and ELISA, and quantified the copper concentrations in fractionated neurons using ICP-MS. Results: Our findings reveal a significant reduction in CCS levels in AD cases (p = 0.0085), with a progressive decline observed with advancing age. This decline was more pronounced in women, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.0768). No significant differences were observed in copper concentrations within synaptosomal (p = 0.3869) or cytosolic fractions (p = 0.4461) between the AD and control cases. Additionally, comprehensive analyses of the effects of sex and age showed no significant impact on the levels of copper chaperones or copper distribution across cellular compartments. Conclusions: These results suggest a strong association between reduced CCS levels and AD pathology, highlighting a potential role for CCS in the redistribution of copper ions within neurons. This redistribution may contribute to oxidative stress and neuronal dysfunction, offering new insights into the mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis.
From Neural Networks to Emotional Networks: A Systematic Review of EEG-Based Emotion Recognition in Cognitive Neuroscience and Real-World Applications
Authors: Gkintoni Evgenia , Aroutzidis Anthimos , Antonopoulou Hera , Halkiopoulos Constantinos
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This systematic review presents how neural and emotional networks are integrated into EEG-based emotion recognition, bridging the gap between cognitive neuroscience and practical applications. Methods: Following PRISMA, 64 studies were reviewed that outlined the latest feature extraction and classification developments using deep learning models such as CNNs and RNNs. Results: Indeed, the findings showed that the multimodal approaches were practical, especially the combinations involving EEG with physiological signals, thus improving the accuracy of classification, even surpassing 90% in some studies. Key signal processing techniques used during this process include spectral features, connectivity analysis, and frontal asymmetry detection, which helped enhance the performance of recognition. Despite these advances, challenges remain more significant in real-time EEG processing, where a trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency limits practical implementation. High computational cost is prohibitive to the use of deep learning models in real-world applications, therefore indicating a need for the development and application of optimization techniques. Aside from this, the significant obstacles are inconsistency in labeling emotions, variation in experimental protocols, and the use of non-standardized datasets regarding the generalizability of EEG-based emotion recognition systems. Discussion: These challenges include developing adaptive, real-time processing algorithms, integrating EEG with other inputs like facial expressions and physiological sensors, and a need for standardized protocols for emotion elicitation and classification. Further, related ethical issues with respect to privacy, data security, and machine learning model biases need to be much more proclaimed to responsibly apply research on emotions to areas such as healthcare, human–computer interaction, and marketing. Conclusions: This review provides critical insight into and suggestions for further development in the field of EEG-based emotion recognition toward more robust, scalable, and ethical applications by consolidating current methodologies and identifying their key limitations.
Sustainable Historic Districts: Vitality Analysis and Optimization Based on Space Syntax
Authors: Fu Jian-Ming , Tang Yi-Fan , Zeng Yu-Kai , Feng Li-Yi , Wu Zhi-Gang
Published: February 2025

As modern society increasingly emphasizes quality of life, historic districts face the challenge of balancing the preservation of traditional culture with the integration of urban development. Many historic districts today struggle with low vitality and limited visitor engagement. By adopting sustainable development strategies, such as promoting tourism, these districts have the potential to enhance economic vitality. This study explores the spatial morphological characteristics of the ShuiXiLin Historic District (SHD) in Fuzhou, using spatial syntax theory and tools within the framework of sustainable urban renewal. The study proposes three strategies for the district: (1) enhancing connectivity positively influences the public experience within the SHD; (2) strengthening the district’s primary axis amplifies its influence across the area; (3) implementing protective reuse of historical buildings and improving service facilities can significantly enhance the district’s vitality. Through theoretical analysis and a review of existing research, this study proposes revitalization strategies aimed at formulating sustainable development plans for the district. These recommendations are intended to offer valuable insights for urban renewal projects and provide theoretical support for planning decisions related to the vitality of historic districts. This research illustrates the effective use of spatial syntax in historic districts, offering a robust method to evaluate and enhance the spatial structure and vitality of heritage areas. It supports sustainable development by integrating preservation with modern needs, ensuring a balance between conservation and urban growth.
The Enhancer–Promoter-Mediated Wnt8a Transcription During Neurite Regrowth of Injured Cortical Neurons
Authors: Weng Shr-Han , Liao Wen-Ling , Chen Linyi
Published: February 2025

Brain injuries can result from accidents, warfare, sports injuries, or brain diseases. Identifying regeneration-associated genes (RAGs) during epigenome remodeling upon brain injury could have a significant impact on reducing neuronal death and subsequent neurodegeneration for patients with brain injury. We previously identified several WNT genes as RAGs involved in the neurite regrowth of injured cortical neurons. Among them, the expression of the Wnt8a gene increased most significantly during neurite regrowth, indicating its potential to promote neuronal regeneration. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of Wnt8a transcription. An algorithm was developed to predict the novel enhancer regions of candidate genes. By combining active enhancer marks, histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), and histone H3 lysine 4 mono-methylation (H3K4me1), we identified a candidate enhancer region for Wnt8a located 1.7 Mb upstream and 0.1 Mb downstream of the Wnt8a gene. This region was organized into enhancers (Ens) 1–15. Enhancer RNA expression from the predicted En1–15 regions, DNA topological dynamics, and the activity of predicted enhancers were analyzed to validate the candidate active enhancers. Our findings showed that the En8, 9, 10, 14, and 15 regions expressed higher eRNAs during neurite regrowth. Notably, the En8-2 and En14-2 subregions showed significantly up-regulated H3K4me1 modification during neurite regrowth. Using chromatin conformation capture assays and enhancer–reporter assays, we delineated that the molecular regulation of Wnt8a transcription during neurite regrowth occurs through looped En8-promoter interplay.
Fabrication and Characterization of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices with Decaphenylcyclopentasilane Hole Transport Layers
Authors: Kuroyanagi Keisuke , Oku Takeo , Ono Iori , Shimada Haruto , Suzuki Atsushi , Tachikawa Tomoharu , Fukunishi Sakiko
Published: February 2025

Decaphenylcyclopentasilane (DPPS) was applied as a hole transport layer for CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells, and the photovoltaic properties were investigated. The insertion of the double DPPS layers between the perovskite crystal and the gold electrodes increased short-circuit current densities and open-circuit voltages, and the conversion efficiencies were improved. The external quantum efficiencies increased in the visible light region, and the maximum power point tracking tests under air mass 1.5 light irradiation indicated the effectiveness of the DPPS layer. Microstructural analysis showed that no PbI2 compound was formed for the DPPS-inserted perovskite, which indicates the suppression of methylammonium desorption from the perovskite crystal. The double DPPS-induced devices were also stable in air for more than 1 year, which indicates that stable DPPS can reliably transport holes and has great potential for the future solar cell materials.
CONNECT: An AI-Powered Solution for Student Authentication and Engagement in Cross-Cultural Digital Learning Environments
Authors: Hassan Bilal , Raza Muhammad Omer , Siddiqi Yusra , Wasiq Muhammad Farooq , Siddiqui Rabiya Ayesha
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift to digital education as universities across the world rapidly adopted virtual classrooms for remote learning. Ensuring continuous student engagement in virtual environments remains one of the key challenges. This paper discusses how AI and data analytics are being applied to education, particularly the ways in which technologies such as biometrics and facial recognition can be used to improve student engagement in online and hybrid learning environments. This paper tries to revisit the dynamics of engagement across virtual platforms by comparing traditional learning models and digital learning models and showing the gaps that exist. This study reviewed six widely used video conferencing tools and their effectiveness in fostering engagement in virtual classrooms. The research goes on to investigate cross-cultural tech adoption in education—how regions and educational systems respond to these emerging technologies. Against this background of the challenges identified, a new application, “CONNECT”, is proposed in this paper that can integrate AI-driven features on face recognition and speech-to-text and attendance monitoring to enable real-time authentication and tracking of engagement. This study also provides an overview of the theoretical models of digital, hybrid, and blended learning and provides actionable recommendations for future research and innovation in cross-cultural online education.
A Directory of Datasets for Mining Software Repositories
Authors: Diamantopoulos Themistoklis , Symeonidis Andreas L.
Published: February 2025

The amount of software engineering data is constantly growing, as more and more developers employ online services to store their code, keep track of bugs, or even discuss issues. The data residing in these services can be mined to address different research challenges; therefore, certain initiatives have been established to encourage sharing research datasets collecting them. In this work, we investigate the effect of such an initiative; we create a directory that includes the papers and the corresponding datasets of the data track of the Mining Software Engineering (MSR) conference. Specifically, our directory includes metadata and citation information for the papers of all data tracks, throughout the last twelve years. We also annotate the datasets according to the data source and further assess their compliance to the FAIR principles. Using our directory, researchers can find useful datasets for their research, or even design methodologies for assessing their quality, especially in the software engineering domain. Moreover, the directory can be used for analyzing the citations of data papers, especially with regard to different data categories, as well as for examining their FAIRness score throughout the years, along with its effect on the usage/citation of the datasets.
The Effects of Foreign Direct Investments on Wage Trends in the Dutch Labor Market
Authors: Ioan Gina , Carmen Sirbu Gabriela , Marinescu Emanuel Stefan , Pirju Ionel Sergiu
Published: February 2025

In this study, we analyze the relationship between economic variables influencing wages in the Dutch economy during the period 1995–2023 using the ARIMAX method. The analysis reveals that lagged wages and salaries for male workers have a strong and significant effect on current wages, while lagged wages and salaries for female workers exhibit a strong negative influence, indicating a potential gender wage gap. The current level of foreign direct investment (FDI) has a negative impact on wages, suggesting that foreign capital may not contribute to wage growth, and we noted that lagged FDI does not significantly affect current wages. These findings highlight the crucial role of past wages in shaping current wage levels and accentuate that gender disparities remain a significant factor in wage determination. Policymakers should consider addressing these gender wage differences and reassess the role of FDIs in wage growth.
Vocabulary Instruction for English Learners: A Systematic Review Connecting Theories, Research, and Practices
Authors: Zeng Yanfang , Kuo Li-Jen , Chen Lu , Lin Jr-An , Shen Haoran
Published: February 2025

Vocabulary instruction is pivotal to literacy development. While extensive research has been conducted, few studies have examined how research translates into practice and how theory informs it. This study addresses this gap by identifying theories guiding vocabulary instruction in leading practitioner-oriented journals in the field, assessing trends and practices, and examining shifts over the past decade. The systematic review critically extends the scope of existing research in two directions. First, it focuses on English learners (ELs), a growing K-12 population globally. Second, literacy theories were utilized to identify the frameworks that guided vocabulary instruction for ELs. The results reveal the predominance of instructional practices guided by schema and psycholinguistic theories, followed by social constructivism and sociocultural theories. Furthermore, the findings underscore the importance of adapting vocabulary instructional practices to meet the developmental needs of ELs at different grade levels.
Assessment-Focused Pedagogical Methods for Improving Student Learning Process and Academic Outcomes in Accounting Disciplines
Authors: Dumitru Mădălina , Dragomir Voicu D.
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study is to present and validate a pedagogical method based on practice testing and student-generated questions, delivered in a blended learning environment. The research is founded on assessment-based approaches for two consecutive management accounting disciplines (management accounting and performance measurement and control) at the most prestigious economics university in Romania. Our study is motivated by the desire to improve the student learning process, as students, in general, find management accounting difficult. The moment is especially significant given the large-scale adoption of blended learning after the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected for a period of two semesters, starting with the moment that marked the return to traditional learning after lockdown. A new variable labeled “consistent learning” was developed to account for student participation in these learning strategies throughout the semester. The sample comprised 107 students. Hypotheses were formulated to identify and test learning patterns within and between these disciplines using the self-determination theory. The results show that the learning outcomes are positively correlated with consistent learning, for both disciplines. Two clusters were identified: involved learners versus a voluntary non-involvement group. For all learning outcomes, the group that adopted the learning strategy had significantly better results at the end of the semester than the rest of the sample. This study provides an opportunity for professors, showing that the implementation of assessment-based learning strategies in a blended environment leads to significant improvements in student learning outcomes in related disciplines.
Stability of Adsorbent Sheets Under Accelerated-Aging Tests for Open-Cycle Adsorption Processes
Authors: Mastronardo Emanuela , De Antonellis Stefano , Freni Angelo , Milone Candida , Calabrese Luigi
Published: February 2025

This study aims to assess the stability of silica gel/polymer composites designed for open-cycle air dehumidification, humidification, and heat storage by employing a comprehensive set of characterization methods. To evaluate their resistance to various environmental factors, the materials were subjected to a series of aging treatments: (i) repeated adsorption/desorption cycles under representative operational conditions; (ii) post-drying at 30 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C; (iii) immersion in water for 30 days; (iv) exposure to a salt–fog environment for 30 days; and (v) accelerated aging by alternation between wet and dry cycles. Prolonged exposure to liquid water significantly reduced the material’s stability, resulting in an 83% reduction in tensile strength after 30 days of immersion. However, discontinuous exposure to liquid water at low drying temperatures did not critically affect the material’s mechanical properties during wet/dry cycles. Furthermore, post-drying (performed at 22 °C and 50% RH) allows the recovery of mechanical performance, with a tensile strength reached comparable to those of the unaged composites. Similarly, adsorption/desorption cycles in water vapor did not trigger degradation in the material, with its water vapor adsorption capacity remaining comparable to the unaged material after 100 cycles. The results confirm the reliability of these composite materials as to their potential uses in open-cycle dehumidification, humidification, and heat-storage applications.
Evaluation of Simulations for Short-Term Voltage Stability Assessment with Respect to Model Uncertainties
Authors: Nitsch Dorothee , Vennegeerts Hendrik
Published: February 2025

In order to evaluate the short-term voltage stability of an electrical power grid, it is necessary to employ not only systematic and well-targeted fault simulations, but also an evaluation method that assesses the criticality of the individual scenarios. A binary decision between stable or unstable, or whether a threshold value is exceeded or not, is inadequate, particularly in instances where the modeling of the system is subject to a certain degree of uncertainty. Since systematic deviations are subject to natural principles and an intervention limit can thus be determined deterministically, an evaluation method is therefore required that allows a statement to be made about the proximity to instability or to a threshold value. It is common practice to employ indices for the evaluation of voltage recovery following a fault event in simulations or from real measurements. However, depending on the specific question being analyzed, the requirements for an index may vary. A review of the literature revealed the existence of several indices that have been developed and applied in the context of various problems and analyses. These indices have been shown to be effective in the respective contexts. However, none of them fully satisfy the requisite criteria for addressing the aforementioned issue. This paper presents and discusses a new index that was developed explicitly for the problem at hand in dealing with model uncertainties, derived requirements from it, and compared it with existing indices from the literature. The benefits of this novel index in comparison with the established ones were visualized based on a number of indicative simulations. Subsequently, the uncertainties inherent in the load parameterization and their implications on the voltage recovery were presented via Monte Carlo simulations. The evaluations of these effects in terms of the distance from the permissible threshold value were then analyzed using the various indices. All simulations were executed within the framework of the IEEE 39 bus New England system.
Effects of Replacing Rice Straw with Corn Straw Silage Treated with Different Additives on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, and Rumen Microorganisms of Fattening Cattle
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Zou Huawei , Hu Rui , Peng Quanhui , Xue Bai , Wang Lizhi , Wu Fali , Tang Yiping , Wang Zhisheng , Xiao Jianxin
Published: February 2025

This experiment aimed to evaluate the impact of various feed additive-treated silage corn straw on the growth performance, blood parameters, nutrient apparent digestibility, and rumen fermentation in Simmental cattle. Eighteen healthy Simmental bulls (275.64 ± 15.27 kg) were randomly assigned to three groups, each consisting of six bulls: a control group (CON) receiving a basal diet, an experimental group, (OS) wherein 20% of the rice straw in the control group’s diet was substituted with silage corn straw treated with organic acid, and another experimental group (MS) wherein 20% of the rice straw was replaced with silage corn straw mixed with corn flour, lactic acid bacteria, and organic acid. All cattle were fed at 08:30 and 16:30, twice each day, with unrestricted access to water throughout the study. The results indicated that silage had no effect on the growth and serum biochemical indexes of beef cattle among all groups. However, other parameters, mainly rumen fermentation parameters, nutrient digestibility, and rumen microorganisms, were affected by the silage. The MS group significantly increased the concentration of microbial protein (MCP) in the rumen of cattle compared to the CON group. The OS and MS groups had a similar apparent digestibility of ether extract and acid detergent fiber (ADF), but a higher digestibility of dry matter (DM) (p = 0.001) and crude protein (CP) (p < 0.001) compared to the CON group. The rumen bacterial community of the MS group had a lower abundance of Proteobacteria than the CON group (p = 0.016). The abundance of Firmicutes in the MS group was not significantly different from the CON group, but there was an increasing trend compared with the OS group (p = 0.054). A Spearman correlation analysis showed that the apparent digestibility of NDF and CP was negatively correlated with Succinivibrionaceae UCG-002 (r = −0.552, p = 0.018; r = −0.668, p = 0.002), Succinimonas (r = −0.774, p < 0.001; r = −0.513, p = 0.029), and Ruminobacter (r = −0.583, p = 0.011; r = −0.618, p = 0.006). The apparent digestibility of DM exhibited a negative correlation with Succinivibrionaceae UCG-002 (r = −0.538, p = 0.021) and Succinimonas (r = −0.642, p = 0.004). Overall, corn straw silage with mixed additives has more feeding value, which can improve rumen fermentation and regulate the rumen bacterial community. Straw silage can change the rumen microbial community structure to improve the apparent digestibility of nutrients.
A Validation of the Junction Riemann Problem in Networks of Channels Under Transitory Flow Conditions
Authors: Mairal Juan , Murillo Javier , Garcia-Navarro Pilar
Published: February 2025

Transitory states and supercritical regimes in channel junctions have been challenging to model using 1D models, and it has been common to resort to 2D models to locally solve networks of channels. In this paper, we present a methodology based on the Junction Riemann Problem that manages to include supercritical solutions by making use of suitable limiting coefficients. The method is compared against a pure 2D model in a series of test cases with challenging geometries that include transitory flow conditions. The results show that the method hereby presented is robust across all regimes and is able to capture the main features of wave propagation along a network of channels.
Flavor, Lipid, and Transcriptomic Profiles of Chinese Wagyu Beef Cuts: Insights into Meat Quality Differences
Authors: Zhang Tianliu , Wang Tingting , Gao Yanhao , Sheng Jiashun , Rushdi Hossam E. , Li Wentao , Sun Yu , Fu Tong , Lin Feng , Gao Tengyun , Liu Shenhe
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the flavor formation and meat quality differences among different beef cuts in Chinese Wagyu cattle. The metabolites and gene expression profiles of chuck, neck, rump, tenderloin, and longissimus lumborum cuts were analyzed. The results revealed that a total of 240 volatile organic compounds and 779 lipid molecules were detected among the beef cuts, with hydrocarbons (accounting for 29.71%) and triglycerides (representing 41.21%) emerging as the most prominent compounds, respectively. The sensory-directed analysis highlighted the significance of sweet and fruity aroma compounds, which contributed to the distinct aroma profiles among different beef cuts. Additionally, a total of 60 key lipid molecular markers, including FA(18:1), PC(40:5), TG(18:0_16:1_18:1), and TG(36:0_18:1), etc., were identified as playing crucial roles in the generation of essential lipid compounds across five different beef cuts. Integrative analysis of multi-omics data pinpointed a cluster of differentially expressed genes (e.g., DLD, ACADM, PCCA, SCD), which were involved in the regulation of valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation pathways and lipid metabolism. Taken together, this study has identified key metabolites and candidate genes influencing meat quality across different beef cuts, providing a valuable resource for the molecular breeding of high-quality traits in beef cattle.
Algae Biomass Hydrogels for Enhanced Removal of Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Zhao Mingjie , Wang Dadong , Fan Zhen , Lu Jian , Li Yibo , Zhang Yongwei , Lv Mingchen , Sun Min , Wang Wenji
Published: February 2025

Heavy metal ion pollution in aquatic environments is a critical global issue, damaging ecosystems and threatening human health via bioaccumulation in the food chain. Despite promising progress with biosorbents, the development of environmentally friendly and stable heavy metal adsorbents requires further exploration. In this study, we present an algae-loaded alginate hydrogel as a composite adsorbent for heavy metals. The incorporation of algae enhanced the hydrogel’s adsorption capacity by 38.0%, 20.6%, and 27.1% for Cu2+, Cr3+, and Co2+, respectively. Additionally, the composite hydrogel demonstrated excellent stability and recyclability after adsorption, reducing the ecological risks associated with algae biomass usage. This algae-loaded alginate hydrogel offers an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for removing heavy metal ions from aquatic systems, highlighting its potential for environmental remediation applications.
Effect of Temperature, Salinity, and pH on Nanocellulose-Improved Polymer Gel for Oilfield Water Control
Authors: Loganathan Previnah , Sukhbir Singh Harjeet Kaur , Amir Zulhelmi
Published: February 2025

Excessive water produced in oil reservoirs reduces oil recovery and increases the cost of water treatment. Conventional water control methods use synthetic polymer gels like PAM-PEI, which are sensitive to harsh reservoir conditions. This study investigates the use of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) to enhance polymer gels for oilfield water control under various temperatures, salinities, and pH conditions. Polymer gels were prepared by combining PAM and PEI with CNF concentrations of 1–4 wt% in deionized water. Salinity effects were studied by adding NaCl (1.5–2.5 g), while pH effects were assessed under acidic (pH 2–3), neutral, and alkaline (pH 13–14) conditions. The mixtures were stirred, homogenized, and subjected to thermal treatment in a water bath oven at temperatures ranging from 70 °C to 90 °C for gel formation. Gelation time was determined by the Sydansk gel code, and gel strength was assessed through storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) from oscillatory rheometry tests. Results show that lower temperatures increase gelation time, with higher CNF concentrations needed to elongate gelation at higher temperatures. At 30,000 ppm NaCl, gelation time decreases with increasing CNF, while at 50,000 ppm NaCl, it increases. Extreme pH conditions (pH 2–3 and pH 13–14) lead to longer gelation times with decreasing CNF concentration. While high salinity and extreme pH reduce gel strength, the addition of CNF enhances it, though this effect is minimal beyond 2–3 wt%. These findings suggest that CNF can improve the performance of polymer gels under challenging reservoir conditions.
MicroRNA Expression Profile Analysis in Blood During Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Growth and Development
Authors: Ling Shanshan , Deng Die , Yang Fuxing , Wang Pingfeng , He Ming , Wang Qian , Deng Linhua , Wang Xun , Zhao Ling , Ye Gang , Huang Xiaoyu
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Blood is an essential component of the immune system. As post-transcriptional regulators, miRNAs, abundant in blood, are necessary aspects in blood’s immune and physiological functions. However, there is limited knowledge about the expression and function of miRNAs in the blood of giant pandas. Methods: We comparatively analyzed miRNA expression profiles in the blood of giant pandas of different ages using small-RNA sequencing technology. Results: We identified 393 known miRNAs, 219 conserved miRNAs, and 71 novel miRNAs in the blood of giant pandas, and functional enrichment analysis showed that the genes regulated by DE (differentially expressed) miRNAs were mainly enriched in the regulation of enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathways and the signaling pathways of MAPK, Hippo, and FoXO. Conclusions: Our study clarified giant pandas’ blood miRNA expression profiles at different developmental stages, which will help elucidate the blood immunity and regulation of blood cell physiological functions in giant pandas.
Analysis of the European Union’s National Cancer Control Programs: Meeting the Needs of People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Kowalczyk Oliwia , Ambrocio Rainer Pier Paolo M. , Vuković Vladimir , Denieffe Suzanne , Denny Margaret
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: People with intellectual disabilities (IDs), representing approximately 200 million individuals globally (3% of the world’s population), face significant disparities in cancer prevention and care. While cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, the intersection of cancer care and intellectual disability presents unique challenges that demand specialized attention within healthcare systems. This study evaluates the current status and effectiveness of National Cancer Control Programs (NCCPs) for individuals with intellectual disabilities across the European Union. Methods: A systematic analysis was conducted of 27 European Union member states’ National Cancer Control Programs between August 2023 and August 2024. The study utilized the International Cancer Control Partnership (ICCP) framework, examining English-language documents and official translations to ensure analytical consistency. Results: Our analysis reveals that while all 27 EU member states have established NCCPs, significant variations exist in their approach to ID-specific provisions, with implementation scores ranging from 1 (basic) to 3 (comprehensive). Key findings indicate that only 15% of programs have comprehensive ID-specific provisions, while 60% maintain moderate adaptations and 25% offer basic provisions. Specific gaps identified include limited specialized healthcare provider training (present in only 7.5% of programs) and inadequate screening program adaptations. Conclusions: Based on a quantitative assessment of implementation status and program components, we propose evidence-based recommendations emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced ID-specific provisions in NCCPs.
Cytological, Phytohormone, and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Key Genes and Pathways Involved in Melon Fruit Cracking
Authors: Fan Rong , Liu Bin , Duan Xiaoyu , Li Meihua , Zhang Yongbing , Zhang Xuejun , Hu Guozhi , Yang Yong
Published: February 2025

Melon fruit cracking reduces yield, increases transportation costs, and shortens shelf life, which makes the development of cracking-resistant varieties crucial for the industry’s advancement. This study investigated the pathways and genes related to melon fruit cracking through cell morphology observation, endogenous hormone analyses, and transcriptome analysis of two contrasting advanced inbred lines, the extremely crack-resistant line R2 and the crack-susceptible line R6. R2 has small, tightly packed epidermal cells with a thick cuticle, while R6 has larger, more loosely arranged epidermal cells and a significantly thinner cuticle. Hormonal analysis revealed significant differences in abscisic acid, cytokinin, gibberellin, auxin, and salicylic acid contents between R2 and R6 at various fruit developmental stages. The abscisic acid and salicylic acid content in R2 were 1.9–5.2 times and 1.5–3.6 times higher than those in R6, respectively, whereas the gibberellin content in R6 was 1.5–2.3 times higher than that in R2. Pericarp transcriptome analysis identified 4281, 6242, and 6879 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 20, 30, and 40 days after anthesis, respectively. Among these, 47 DEGs related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (ko00940) and 79 DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction (ko04075) were differentially expressed at two or more stages. WGCNA analysis identified six core hub genes that potentially play a role in regulating melon fruit cracking. These findings lay a foundation for further studies on the functional roles of crack-resistant genes and the breeding of crack-tolerant varieties.
Real-Time PCR-Based Test as a Research Tool for the Retrospective Detection and Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in a Sample
Authors: Makarova Valeria O. , Shelkov Artem , Iliukhina Anna , Azizyan Valentin , Dolzhikova Inna V. , Vasilieva Elena , Komissarov Alexey A.
Published: February 2025

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a causative agent of the COVID-19 disease, has been constantly evolving since its first identification. Mutations that are embedded in the viral genomic RNA affect the properties of the virus and lead to the emergence of new variants. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization has identified more than ten variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Five of these—Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron—were classified as variants of concern (VOCs), as they caused significant outbreaks of the disease. Additionally, two progeny variants of Omicron, designated JN.1 and KS.1, are still causing new waves of infections. Due to the emergence of various SARS-CoV-2 variants, in some cases, it has become important to identify a particular variant in a sample. Here, we have developed a multiplexed probe-based real-time PCR system for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron B.1.1.529/BA.1, and Omicron BA.2), as well as modern Omicron variants JN.1 and KS.1. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR system have been tested using isolated viral genomes and RNA preparations from human nasopharyngeal swabs. The system allows for rapid identification of coronavirus variants in the cryopreserved and fresh samples.
Changes in Concentration of Selected Biomarkers of Exposure in Users of Classic Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products—A Narrative Review
Authors: Śniadach Justyna , Kicman Aleksandra , Michalska-Falkowska Anna , Jończyk Kamila , Waszkiewicz Napoleon
Published: February 2025

Currently, the number of e-cigarette and heated tobacco product (HTP) users are steadily increasing, while the number of classic cigarette users are decreasing. The effects of smoking classic cigarettes on human health have been thoroughly described in the literature, but the negative health effects of e-cigarettes and HTPs on the human body are not clearly defined. Among users of different forms of tobacco, those at a particularly high risk of developing particular disease entities should be identified, allowing for the faster implementation of potential treatments, including psychotherapeutic ones. Biomarkers are used for this purpose. This paper summarizes the potential of these compounds from the different exposure groups of classic cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and HTPs, and presents changes in their concentrations in the body fluids of different tobacco users. This review discusses the impact of tobacco use in relation to levels of the following biomarkers: TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4, Il-13, TGF-β, VEGF EGF, HGF, BDNF, MMP-9, CRP, microplastics, and selected parameters of oxidative stress. This review also includes suggested forms of treatment, including Tobacco Product Use Reduction Programs, to minimize the potential negative effects of the above-mentioned products.
Overexpression of TCP5 or Its Dominant Repressor Form, TCP5-SRDX, Causes Male Infertility in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Tingting , Tian Ping , Wang Xinxin , Li Mengyao , Xing Shuping
Published: February 2025

TCP transcription factors have long been known to play a crucial role in leaf development, but their significance in reproduction has recently been revealed. TCP5 is a member of class II of the TCP family, which predominantly regulates cell differentiation. This study used overexpression and SRDX fusion to evaluate the role of TCP5 in anther development. TCP5 overexpression resulted in lower fertility, primarily due to anther non-dehiscence. We also observed reduced lignin accumulation in the anther endothecium. In addition, TCP5 overexpression resulted in smaller anthers with fewer pollen sacs and pollen due to early-anther defects before meiosis. TCP5 showed expression in early anthers, including the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, tapetum, sporogenous cells (pollen mother cells), and vascular bundles. Conversely, during meiosis, the TCP5 signal was only detected in the tapetum, PMCs, and vascular bundles. The TCP5 signal disappeared after meiosis, and no signal was observed in mature anthers. Interestingly, the TCP5-SRDX transgenic plants were also sterile, at least for the early-arising flowers, if not all of them. TCP5-SRDX expression also resulted in undersized anthers with fewer pollen sacs and pollen. However, the lignin accumulation in most of these anthers was comparable to that of the wild type, allowing these anthers to open. The qRT-PCR results revealed that several genes associated with secondary cell wall thickening had altered expression profiles in TCP5 overexpression transgenics, which supported the non-dehiscent anther phenotype. Furthermore, the expression levels of numerous critical anther genes were down-regulated in both TCP5 overexpression and TCP5-SRDX plants, indicating a comparable anther phenotype in these transgenic plants. These findings not only suggest that an appropriate TCP5 expression level is essential for anther development and plant fertility, but also improve our understanding of TCP transcription factor functioning in plant male reproduction and contribute information that may allow us to manipulate fertility and breeding in crops.
Sensitivity and Resistance of Parasitic Mites (Varroa destructor, Tropilaelaps spp. and Acarapis woodi) Against Amitraz and Amitraz-Based Product Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bertola Michela , Mutinelli Franco
Published: February 2025

Resistance to amitraz in Varroa destructor mites poses a significant challenge to global beekeeping, leading to the declining efficacy of treatments and increased colony losses. This study aims to comprehensively map, characterize, and analyze the status of amitraz efficacy and resistance in Varroa and other parasitic mites such as Tropilaelaps spp. and Acarapis woodi. A systematic review, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, examined 74 studies, revealing substantial variability in experimental protocols, mite origins, and environmental factors, all of which impacted toxicity assessments. These findings highlight the urgent need for standardized methodologies to ensure consistency and reliability. Resistance ratios (RR) and indices (RI) showed significant geographical variation, reflecting localized resistance development. Laboratory studies highlighted inconsistencies in detecting resistance, underscoring the importance of combining bioassays, molecular diagnostics, and field efficacy tests. Understanding the genetic and physiological mechanisms driving amitraz resistance, as well as their prevalence, is vital to devising sustainable management strategies. Establishing national monitoring programs and revising testing protocols are pivotal steps toward ensuring the continued effectiveness of acaricides. These measures, combined with coordinated efforts by researchers, beekeepers, and policymakers, are essential to safeguarding global honey bee populations and supporting the long-term sustainability of apiculture.
Does Colpocleisis Still Hold Value? The Evolution of Apical Prolapse Surgery: A Comparative National Database Study
Authors: Degirmenci Yaman , Shehaj Ina , Alexa Matthias , Klamminger Gilbert Georg , Schmidt Mona Wanda , Hofmann Konstantin , Hasenburg Annette , Schwab Roxana
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition that significantly affects quality of life. Obliterative surgery, such as colpocleisis, represents an alternative to reconstructive surgery with a historically established background. The trends in apical prolapse surgery have undergone substantial changes following FDA warnings. This study aims to analyze the trend of obliterative surgery within the context of apical POP surgery in the German healthcare system, considering global shifts, particularly following FDA warnings. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of in-patient data from the German Federal Statistical Office was carried out for the period between 2005 and 2021. The study included a total of 530,107 procedures, each classified by specific codes. Linear regression analysis was applied to identify and characterize trends in surgical patterns. Results: The trends in obliterative surgery showed a significant decline over the years (p < 0.001), particularly notable in older women. In contrast, a significant increasing trend was observed in the proportion of abdominal surgeries relative to the total number of procedures over time (p < 0.001), especially in the younger age group. Conclusions: Surgical trends over the specified timeframe highlight the notable evolution of POP management. Despite observed global fluctuations, obliterative surgery in Germany appeared to follow a declining trend in the changing mesh era, shaped by varying perspectives on the matter. The shifting global trend should be closely monitored and considered in urogynecological training.