bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da influência da suinocultura na qualidade da água subterrânea – São Gabriel do Oeste – MS
Authors: Goehr Ana Paula Lazarin de , Barros Sharon Anne Nogueira , Cavalheri Priscila Sabioni , Cavazzana Guilherme Henrique , Paiva Luiz Antônio
Published: October 2018

Devido à crescente demanda por água potável, os recursos subterrâneos vem assumindo um destaque significativo na gestão de recursos hídricos, principalmente por serem fontes naturais mais resistentes a poluição. No entanto, em áreas rurais essa contaminação pode ocorrer devido as práticas impróprias de manejo de solo e despejo inadequado dos dejetos de animais. Uma das atividades agropecuárias que pode causar sérios danos ambientais é a suinocultura. Sendo assim, este trabalho objetivou verificar se as atividades suinícolas instaladas no município de São Gabriel do Oeste, vêm influenciando na qualidade da água subterrânea da região. Essa verificação foi possível por meio de estudos hidrogeológicos da região e pela realização das análises físico-químicas e microbiológica em nove pontos de amostragem durante o período de um ano hidrológico. Com base nos levantamentos hidrogeológicos, verificou-se que as águas explotadas nos locais amostrados são derivadas dos Aquíferos Cenozoicos, Serra Geral e Guarani. Em relação as análises laboratoriais, a maioria dos parâmetros analisados não sofreram variações temporais e mantiveram-se dentro dos limites de potabilidade estabelecido pelas legislações. Desta forma, evidenciou-se que apesar da suinocultura ser uma atividade com elevado potencial poluidor, não vem interferindo na qualidade das águas subterrâneas da região.
The Good-Directedness of Τέχνη and the Status of Rhetoric in the Platonic Dialogues
Authors: Hulme Kozey Emily
Published: October 2018

Does a τέχνη, qua τέχνη, need to be good-directed? On the basis of theGorgias, many scholars have thought the answer is yes; I argue here to the contrary. There are, of course, many beneficial τέχναι, such as medicine and weaving; and there are even unconditionally good τέχναι, like the πολιτικὴ τέχνη; but Plato also happily construes piracy as a τέχνη in theSophist, and, more normally, all sorts of neutral practices as τέχναι (e.g., drama). In order to make this argument, I provide a taxonomy of the different kinds of τέχναι and demonstrate that, across the corpus, there does not seem to be a good-directedness requirement. I then address the evidence of theGorgias, where most commentators find a connection between τέχνη and good-directedness. I argue that this interpretation is incorrect, and that rhetoric in fact fails to be a τέχνη in theGorgiassolely because it is unable to give a rational account. A close reading of theGorgiasshows that this is a plausible interpretation, and comparison with thePhaedrusreinforces the point: in both dialogues, whether rhetoric will be a τέχνη or not hinges only on the question of rationality, not a good-directedness condition.
The Physiology of Phantasmata in Aristotle: between Sensation and Digestion
Authors: Bubb Claire
Published: October 2018

In this article, I foreground the physiology ofphantasiain Aristotle, which has been comparatively understudied. In the first section, I offer a new interpretation of the relationship betweenaisthēmata(sense perceptions) andphantasmata, based on passages in theDe Animaand theParva Naturalia, and for a nuanced understanding of their respective substrates in the body, which I argue to be connate pneuma and blood. In the second section, I draw out the ramifications of this physiological presence ofphantasmatain the blood and compare the integration ofphantasmatainto a person or animal’s experiential history with the process of digestion. Both processes, I contend, require internalization of foreign elements as well as their optimal organization; more strikingly, both processes occur in the same substance, in the same location, and, perhaps, at the same time.
Was Eudaimonism Ancient Greek Common Sense?
Authors: Schuh Guy
Published: October 2018

I argue that Eudaimonism was not Ancient Greek common sense. After dividing Eudaimonism into Psychological and Normative varieties, I present evidence from Greek literature that the Ancient Greeks did not commonsensically accept Eudaimonism. I then review, and critique, evidence that has been offered for the opposite claim that Eudaimonism was Ancient Greek common sense. This claim is often called on to explain why Ancient Greek philosophers embraced Eudaimonism; the idea is that they did so because it was the ethical common sense of their day. But, according to the case I make in this paper, this explanation cannot stand. Those looking to explain the Eudaimonistic character of Ancient Greek ethical thought must turn to other explanations.
Hydraulic Study of Bubble Migration in Liquid Titanium Alloy Melt during Vertical Centrifugal Casting Process
Authors: Xu Qin , Wang Xing , Wu Shiping
Published: October 2018

The bubble migration in liquid titanium melt during vertical centrifugal casting process has been investigated by hydraulic experiments. Results show that the gas bubble in the simple cavity ultimately migrates like a line parallel to the wall in the opposite direction to the rotational casting mould. The deviation distance of the bubble in the simple geometry cavity tends to increase with the increment of the mould rotational speed during the migration process. And the gas bubble is much easier to migrate like a line when its initial position is nearer to the casting mould wall which is opposite to the mould rotational direction. The migration trajectories of bubbles located at different position in the complex cavity are more complicated than that in the simple cavity. The casting mould in the complex cavity can hamper both the radial movement and the circular movement of the bubble. And gas bubbles will gather, re-nucleate and form new bigger bubbles beside the casting mould wall. The re-formed gas bubbles in the complex cavity become bigger than which escape from bubble generation chamber.
“As Your Name Indicates”: Philological Arguments in Akkadian Disputations
Authors: Jiménez Enrique
Published: October 2018

Contenders in Akkadian disputation poems make use of a large array of arguments to build their cases. The most common ones are material arguments, which rely on the benefits that they offer to humans. A second type of argument, termed here philological, is predicated on the alleged superiority of a litigant’s name or title over its rival’s. This superiority is demonstrated by means of the same set of hermeneutical techniques that are found in Mesopotamian exegesis and Mesopotamian literature at large. The present paper collects the philological arguments that can be found in debate poetry, discusses their discursive role and studies their parallels in Sumerian and Akkadian literature. Particular attention is given to the phrase mu-ni|bi-gin₇ ||kīma šumīšū-ma, “like its name,” which is argued to be a technical term for introducing such philological discussions. Akkadian debate poems are lighthearted texts, but elucubrations of this type are common in serious texts as well. This fact suggests we should take these arguments seriously, however unpalatable from a modern etymological point of view they might be, just like the fanciful etymologies of Plato’sCratylus.
Isolation of homoisoflavonoids from the fibrous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus by recycling high-speed counter-current chromatography and online antioxidant activity assay
Authors: Zhou Yifeng , Wang Liling , Liu Tiebing , Mao Zedong , Ge Qing , Mao Jianwei
Published: October 2018

Two pairs of homoisoflavonoid analogues, 6-aldehydo-isoophiopogonanone A (1) / 6-aldehydo-isoophiopogonanone B (2) and methylophiopogonanone A (3) / methylophiopogonanone B (4), were obtained from the fibrous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl. (FROJ) by silica gel column chromatography (SGCC) and recycling high-speed counter-current chromatography (rHSCCC). First, the ethyl acetate fraction from the 70% ethanol extract was pre-separated by SGCC with a petroleum ether–ethyl acetate gradient (50:1–2:1, v/v). Then, the two sub-fractions containing homoisoflavonoid analogues were further separated by rHSCCC with n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–acetonitrile–water (3:2:3.5:1:0.5, v/v) and n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–acetonitrile–water (3:2:2.5:1:1.5, v/v). Finally, 6-aldehydo-isoophiopogonone A (16 mg), 6-aldehydo-isoophiopogonanone B (26 mg), methylophiopogonanone A (46 mg), and methylophiopogonanone B (148 mg) were obtained with purities of 97.82%, 96.70%, 97.76%, and 94.62%. Their structures were identified by high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HR-QTOF-MS), ultraviolet (UV), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). These results demonstrated that rHSCCC could be used for the large scale preparation of homoisoflavonoid analogues from FROJ, which provides scientific support for utilization of untraditional medicinal part of O. japonicus and also for reduction in waste of plant resources. Additionally, an online antioxidant activity assay was investigated with hyphenated HSCCC-DPPH (1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging detection.
Enhancing Management Accounting Practices in Manufacturing Companies: A Special Reference to Top-level Management
Authors: Khan Imran
Published: October 2018

Management accounting facilitates efficient business operation deploying different techniques that deal with the competitive edge. Organizations are facing new challenges regularly. To survive and expand business management always focus on different traditional and contemporary managerial techniques including. The management accounting techniques incorporate standard costing and variance analysis, traditional budgeting and cost volume profit analysis are commonly applied by managers which are now considered to be less useful in the competitive manufacturing environment. In order to achieve organizational goal and succeed in this present dynamic business environment, new techniques or strategies such as Just-In-Time (JIT), Activity Based Costing (ABC), Total Quality Management (TQM), process re-engineering, life cycle assessment and target costing would accelerate the capability of organizations by overcoming the acute global competition. This paper is an empirical study on manufacturing companies. Overall, the evidence reveals that most of the top-level management rely on so-called traditional techniques in their day to day activities than that of contemporary management accounting tools. However, new tools could accelerate business operations faster. Therefore, it is vivid that application of traditional management accounting techniques holds a strong position in the manufacturing arena. However, there is a good sign that some third generation businesses are trying to utilize new techniques slowly. Moreover, there exists some areas where proper attention is required to ensure best practice and utilization of management accounting mechanism. According to the findings, this paper provides some recommendations that might be useful to enhance the effectiveness and competitiveness of the top-level management and thus helpful in ensuring the practice of more sophisticated techniques in regular business operation.
Investigation of CO2 Geologic Sequestration and the Density-driven Convection Process
Authors: Li Q , Cai W H
Published: October 2018

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Sistema De Refrigeração Com Velocidade Variável E Estágio De Entrada De Elevado Fator De Potência
Authors: Canesin Carlos A. , Gonçalves Flávio A. S. , Leandro Eduardo , Pinto João O. P.
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho propõe a análise e implementação de um novo sistema de acionamento eletrônico aplicado à sistemas de refrigeração. A proposta consiste em substituir no sistema de refrigeração convencional o motor monofásico de indução por um motor trifásico de indução, e o estágio de entrada convencional por um estágio apresentando correção ativa do fator de potência. O protótipo do sistema de refrigeração proposto é composto por um motor trifásico de 0,5HP, um compressor do tipo Bitzer IY (Belt-Drive) aberto, um inversor em ponte convencional e um préregulador boost monofásico. O novo sistema opera em conformidade com as restrições impostas pelas normas internacionais IECs (Harmônicas / Flicker / Interferências Eletromagnéticas) propiciando elevado rendimento, alto fator de potência e reduzidos níveis de interferências eletromagnéticas (IEM). Com o objetivo de verificar a viabilidade e performance da regulação da temperatura no sistema de refrigeração proposto o inversor de tensão do estágio de saída foi acionado por uma estratégia de controle convencional escalar tensãofreqüência (V/f), e por uma estratégia de controle vetorial simplificada com orientação pelo estator.
Analytical Model Of Hvdc Converters In Direct Connection
Authors: Jr José Daldegan , Watanabe Edson H.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents an original analytical model for the direct connection of a HVDC converter to a synchronous generator, without AC filters and AC bus, usually referred to as Unit Connection. All the operation modes and its transition regions are precisely determined, which simplifies the usual analysis of this arrangement. Digital simulations of an equivalent traditional model, based on an electromagnetic transient program for DCAC systems, were used to validate the results.
Proposta De Uma Topologia De Reator Eletrônico Utilizado Para Acionar Uma Ou Mais Lâmpadas Hps Com Forma De Onda De Tensão Sintetizada
Authors: Rodovalho Diógenes , Silva Fábio Vincenzi Romualdo da , Coelho Ernane Antônio Alves , Freitas Luis Carlos de , Júnior João Batista Vieira
Published: October 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma nova topologia de reator eletrônico utilizado no acionamento de uma ou mais lâmpadas de vapor de sódio de alta pressão, ideal para luminárias com uma ou mais lâmpadas, geralmente, utilizadas em iluminação pública e privada. Neste trabalho, as lâmpadas HID (High Intensity Discharge) são alimentadas com formas de onda de tensão sintetizadas com frequência da fundamental inferior a 1 kHz de modo a evitar a ressonância acústica e ao mesmo tempo proporcionar reduzida variação do fluxo luminoso. Estratégia de controle e resultados experimentais também são apresentados.
Multicriteria Analysis Of Impacts Of Distributed Generation Sources On Operational Network Characteristics For Distribution System Planning Concerning Steady-state And Transient Operations
Authors: Barin Alexandre , Pozzatti Luis F. , Machado Ricardo Q. , Canha Luciane N. , Farret Felix A. , Abaide Alzenira da R.
Published: October 2018

Recent advances in power generation technology and new directions in the Brazilian electricity regulation allowed wide spreading of the distributed generation (DG), with some consequent impacts on operational characteristics of the distribution networks. So, new methods for identifying such impacts become necessary in research and development of new tools and resources to maintain and ease the continued expansion towards DG deployment. Initially, this paper presents a study aiming at determination of the appropriate DG locations within distribution systems. This analysis presents a multicriteria analysis to define some qualitative and quantitative parameters using fuzzy logic to determine the appropriate DG sites. In this direction, the paper analyzes transient effects on the feeder power flow from which it is possible to determine the minimal conditions for guaranteeing DG reliability and high power quality. The considerations and results described in this paper make part of the Research & Development Program developed by the State Company for Electric Energy (CEEE) and the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
Eficiência Energética Na Indústria Têxtil De Felpudos
Authors: Silva Cesar Ricardo Câmara da , Deschamps Eduardo , Péres Adriano
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para auxílio ao estudo de substituição de equipamentos tidos como menos eficientes na indústria têxtil de felpudos. A ferramenta auxilia na melhor compreensão da instalação industrial e permite simular novas situações de carga, configurações de ligações, substituição de equipamentos e alteração de tarifas de energia. A aplicação da metodologia permite maior confiabilidade nas tomadas de decisão. O trabalho fornece contribuição técnica, social e ambiental, pois pode estimular investimentos na redução de consumo, evitando a necessidade de geração de energia nova e seu consequente impacto ambiental. Apresenta-se o estudo de um caso real de substituição de equipamento provando a eficiência da metodologia e o aplicativo computacional desenvolvido, reduzindo-se o consumo da indústria.
Proposta De Um Conversor Cc-cc Utilizado Em Sistemas Fotovoltaicos E Rede De Energia Elétrica Para Faixa De Tensão Universal
Authors: Britto Jonas Reginaldo de , Silva Fábio Vincenzi Romualdo da , Coelho Ernane Antônio Alves , Freitas Luiz Carlos de , Farias Valdeir José , Jr João Batista Vieira
Published: October 2018

Este artigo apresenta o projeto e implementação de um conversor Boost-Buck Quadrático (Boost-Buck2), com uma única chave ativa, utilizado no acionamento de um vetor de LEDs empregado em iluminação. O conversor proposto possui uma faixa larga de conversão de tensão o que torna possível ser alimentado de 12 VCC a 340 VCC (240 VCA). Esta característica permite que o conversor proposto seja aplicado em instalações elétricas híbridas alimentadas por sistemas fotovoltaicos e pela rede de energia elétrica de 110 V ou 220 V. Resultados experimentais extraídos de um protótipo de 11 W também são apresentados.
The Complex Controller Applied To The Induction Motor Control
Authors: Filho Alfeu J. Sguarezi , Ruppert Ernesto
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a design and tuning method of the complex gain controller, based on the three-phase induction motormathematicalmodel complex transfer function to be used in induction motor control when the machine operates at low speed which is a problem so far. The complex gain controller was applied in the direct rotor field orientation controlmethod and also on the direct torque control method. It was designed and tuned using the frequency-response function of the closed loop system. The complex gain controller presents low complexity in the inductionmotor control implementation. Experimental results were carried out for the controller validation.
Gerador De Transientes Rápidos Para Testes De Interferência Eletromagnética
Authors: Mezaroba Marcello , Giacomini Neomar , Santos Raphael Jorge Millnitz dos
Published: October 2018

Esse trabalho apresenta a implementação de um Gerador de Transientes Rápidos para Testes de Interferência Eletromagnética. O gerador apresentado foi desenvolvido com base nas necessidades da norma IEC61000-4-4, que solicita a geração de pulsos de até 4kV em frequências de até 100kHz. O artigo trata de todos os subsistemas necessários para a construção de tal gerador, no entanto sua ênfase está nos dois subsistemas mais importantes que são a fonte de alta tensão e a unidade geradora de pulsos. Resultados experimentais e fotos do protótipo desenvolvido também são apresentados.
Analysis of yellow sugar coloring substances from sugar beet production
Authors: Kulneva N. G. , Bolotov V. M. , Biraro G. E.
Published: October 2018

Coloring substances (colorants) adsorbing on the surface of growing sugar crystals or incorporating into the crystal lattice, reduce the speed of sucrose crystallization, increase the color and hygroscopicity of sugar, tend to clod during storage. Most of the colored nonsugars are found on the surface of yellow sugar crystals so it is possible to reduce the color of yellow sugar by 50-80% with the help of affinity. The distribution of coloring substances in the crystals of yellow sugar and their composition have not been studied sufficiently. The purpose of this research was to study the coloring substances of yellow sugar obtained during the sugar beet processing. As a result of the research it was found that up to 90% of yellow sugar coloring substances is in the film located on the crystals surface and can be easily removed by affinity. It was experimentally learnt that the main products in the coloring matter are the products of alkaline decomposition of reducing substances: their content is 10 times higher than that of caramel and melanoidins, which is in good agreement with the conditions for carrying out the technological processes of sugar beet production. The content of all groups of coloring substances correlates well with the crystals size: the least fraction of the colorants contains a fraction of 0.5 mm in size; in crystals of a larger and smaller size, the content of all groups of coloring substances increases. Yellow sugar coloring substances are extracted with acetic acid most effectively, because it is a weakly polar proton solvent. The noted absorption maxima for aqueous, acetate and ethyl acetate extracts do not coincide, which indicates the presence of various coloring agents in them..
Comparative analysis of the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of different types of tea as a raw material for the production of tea extracts
Authors: Valiulina D. F. , Makarova N. V. , Budylin D. V.
Published: October 2018

One of the most frequently consumed sources of natural antioxidants is tea. High content of phenolic substances in it, makes it an excellent functional drink. At present, interest in tea is great not only as an independent drink, but also as a raw material for the production of tea extracts. The study was conducted on extracts obtained from samples of leaf tea of foreign and Russian origin in the following parameters: the content of soluble solids in tea extracts; total content of phenolic substances; total content of flavonoids; total content of tannins; antiradical activity by the DPPH method; restoring force by the method of FRAP. During the study of tea species, different in the way of processing and in the region of origin, it was determined that the leader among the presented teas is the white tea of Chinese origin, which has the highest antiradical activity and the highest content of tannins. Comparing green tea from China and Russia, it can be concluded that the content of individual groups of substances varies slightly against the background of slightly higher anti-radical activity of Chinese tea. In the group of black teas, the Indian "Harmutti" tea is in the lead by the results of the test, significantly exceeding tea from the Krasnodar Territory by anti-radical activity and the total content of phenolic substances. Thus, promising types of tea for the prevention of diseases (diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease), arising as a consequence of oxidative stress, are tea white Chinese and green tea Krasnodar.
The study of the structure and properties of nanostructured biodegradable thermoplastic composite
Authors: Shcherbina N. A. , Taganova V. A. , Bychkova E. V. , Pichkidze S. Ya.
Published: October 2018

Increased requirements for polymer materials and the expansion of their application fields create the prerequisites for the creation of new composite materials. The most promising matrix for the biocomposite material is 2-hydroxypropionic (lactic) acid, the unique capabilities of which are manifested as a result of modification by inorganic mineral fillers of nanometric size. The combination of such properties as Biodegradability and biocompatibility is particularly valuable in this polymer. Nanostructured composite materials, consisting of polylactic acid and mineral fillers, acquire a significant improvement in properties compared to the properties of a pure polymer. Biodegradable films containing a layered natural mineral from the class of metasilicates were obtained by the method of irrigation of molding solutions. Trichloromethane was used as a solvent for the preparation of molding solution. The structure and properties of a nanostructured thermoplastic composite are studied. It is shown that the filler is evenly distributed in the polymer structure, affects the size of the crystal formations, the size of the crystallites increases. The introduction of a nanostructuring mineral into a biopolymer increases the thermal stability of the composite, which is due to the high resistance to high temperatures of the initial micro-reinforcing mineral filler, which does not decompose to a temperature of 1000-1100 0C. The influence of layered natural mineral from the class of metasilicates on the deformation and strength properties of biocompositeis established: the strength is maintained and the relative elongation at material rupture is slightly reduced. The ability to biodegradation and very low toxicity allow the use of nanostructured composite material based on 2-hydroxypropionic (lactic) acid in biomedical, pharmaceutical, environmental and industrial fields. The development of biodegradable composite material will solve the current domestic problems of polymers for medical purposes.
Analysis of the factors forming the observed inequality in the income of population in Russia
Authors: Sabetova T. V. , Egorova G. N.
Published: October 2018

The article considers the problem of population’s income inequality in the Russian Federation and detection of the factors affecting it. Population’s income differences demonstrate both intrinsic and unavoidable differences among individuals and their groups in terms of their participation in the social processes, and the governmental efforts aimed at reasonable and fair distribution of the national wealth among the citizens. The research objective was to identify the dynamics of the Gini index as acknowledged indicator for population inequality in terms of income and to analyze the factors defining such dynamics. The research was carried out based on the national statistical data. The authors detect close connection between the downturns in economy, especially decrease of the dynamics of average income per capita, and the level of population inequality in terms of income. However, contrary to expectation, the correlation is direct which means that during the periods of slowing of the income growth the values of Gini index being the avowed income inequality indicator also reduced. On the other hand, the authors point out that such connection exists only for time series. While studying the static populations’ income differences in various regions no correlation between the income size and difference values was found. Based on the research results the authors draw the conclusion about undesirability of violent fluctuations in the dynamics of the population’s effective earnings, as well as about justifiability of the efforts of national and regional authorities aimed at the improvements of the income policy.
LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE BRICS COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Vinnichenko O. , Gladun E.
Published: October 2018

Legal education in the contemporary world is changing. The main influences are linked to developments in transportation and communication and the enmeshing of diverse economies embraced by globalization. Law schools confront more mobile and more ambitious students who wish to experience different jurisdictional practices, to serve the increasingly global business community and to be more competitive. This research examines the modifications required in legal education as a result of globalization with specific reference to law schools in the BRICS countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China.

Research on higher education, and legal education in particular, has been growing in recent years, yet there is still a gap in the study and comparison of the specifics of legal education within the BRICS countries. This research makes an attempt to analyze and contrast the current goals, objectives, structure and quality of higher legal education in Brazil, Russia, India and China. The specifics of law schools have been studied over the past twenty years in correlation with economic, cultural and education trends in BRICS and globally.

Based on research literature, practitioner literature and legislative sources, this paper outlines common and special features of lawyer training in BRICS. The prime similarity of the legal education systems in BRICS are global education trends and the influence of the U.S. and UK education systems. Each BRICS country experienced an “explosion” in the popularity of legal education and, consequently, the urgent need to reform the education process in order to attain better quality and affordability. The result of these reforms, taking place in each country from 1950 to today, has become the growing differentiator of the educational institutions, turning them into “elite” and “mass” law schools.

The facets of legal education in Brazil, Russia, India and China are attributed to their national policies as well as the historical development of the educational institutions and their perception of what specific lawyer skills and competencies are demanded by the legal market and national population. We conclude that the structure and quality of legal education as well as the requirements and monitoring tools vary in each country. These are dependent on several factors: the specific country’s ideology, its economic development, its proximity to an “Eastern” or “Western” model, its ability to learn from foreign education systems and its attempts at self-identification in the global educational space.
GAMBARAN MIKROBIOLOGI ISPA (INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN ATAS) DI SEKELOMPOK JAMAAH HAJI SURABAYA TAHUN 2004
Authors: Prihatini Prihatini
Published: October 2018

Upper respiratory tract infection usually has been presence on hajj pilgrims after they spent at the holy Mecca. They are known by long duration cough until they were come home. The pilgrims have been given health education how to live in Mecca and Medina before they go to Saudi Arabia and had meningitis vaccination as well. The purpose of this study is to know what the cause of the upper respiratory tract infection. If the pathogens have been found, before departure the infected pilgrims have been given antibiotics to prevent the pilgrimage ceremony to be disturbed.. Regarding the infection problems this study will be done, to give information whether the pathogenic that cause URI is from Indonesia or Saudi Arabia. About 118 people partially from Surabaya's pilgrims were divided into 1st and 2nd groups (53 and 65 persons). Each group have been examined their pharyngeal swab before the departure to Mecca and after arrival in Surabaya. The samples were kept in transport media, than sent to the Clinical Pathologic Laboratory at Dr Soetomo Hospital. The swab samples were isolated and identificated after the cultivation in the incubator at the laboratory. From the118 pilgrims, only 95 persons completed the laboratory examination before the departure to Mekah and after they arrived in Surabaya. It is found before departure 5 person (5%) contaminated by pathogenic microorganism, four from K. pneumoniae and one A betahemolytic Streptococcus group. After their arrival about 97% have normal flora, but two of them contaminated by Gamma Streptococcus regarding to these results it is concluded that URI may cause by the environment, difference of weather or viral infection origin Because in the town at Saudi Arabia the pilgrim lived together with other peoples which came from various countries of the world.
SINDROMA CUSHING PADA KEHAMILAN
Authors: Hernaningsih Yetti , Soehita Sidarti
Published: October 2018

A 32 years old woman, pregnant 24-25 weeks, was admitted to the hospital with complaints of weakness, 6 years amenorrhoe, bruises on the skin and hair loss. Physical examination showed full moon face, buffalo hump, striae lividae, and echymosis. She was diagnosed as Cushing Syndrome with possible etiology adrenal tumor based on laboratory results: glucose intolerance, hypokalemia, increament of plasma cortisol before and after dexamethason supression tests (1352 and 1297 nmol/l), also decreement of plasma ACTH (5 pg/ml). During 22 days hospitalization, the patient's condition became worse (heart failure, sepsis and shock).
PENGUMPULAN DAN BATAS PEMAKAIAN SAMPEL POPOK PADA PERBENIHAN URIN
Authors: Riyanti Rini , Prihatini Prihatini , Probohoesodo M.Y
Published: October 2018

Urinary tract infection diagnosis is based on urine culture, taken from a midstream collection in the morning. Obtaining samplesin this manner is difficult in children less than 3 years. In children less than 3 years, urine is obtained by urine collectors. Using urinecollectors may cause discomfort, and the possibility that the urine collectors may not adhere resulting in contamination. (1) Developinga practical method for urine sample collection. (2) Comparing culture from diapers and urine collectors samples. (3) Knowing the limittime for using diapers acceptable for urine culture. Urine samples were obtained from 20 children less than 3 years, using urine collectorsand diapers used for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours and then cultured. Majority of the urine culture from diapers used for 1 hour and 2hours showed the same result with the urine culture from urine collectors. Contamination was found in the urine culture result fromdiapers used for 3 hours. Urine samples from diapers used for 1 hour and 2 hours can be used as samples for urine culture. The techniqueis easy and can be done in children less than 3 years.
DIAGNOSIS LABORATORIK FLU BURUNG (H5N1)
Authors: Mulyadi B. , Prihatini Prihatini
Published: October 2018

Pandemic of Avian influenzae (AI) cause outbreak in Asia including in Indonesia. Transmission of virus are caused by direct contactwith avian animals, swine poultry, horses or dogs to human, maybe could also happened between human being. Some victims of AIshowed signs and symptoms of repiratoric failure, such as:progresive respiratoric failure difuse, bilateral, infiltration and like ARDS(=acute respiratoric distress syndrome ). Beside those multiorgan failure which showed signs of renal disfunction, including cardiacdilatation and supraventricular tachyarrythmias.Other complications that may happened including ventilator- associated pneumoniae,pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax, pancytopenia, Reye's syndrome and sepsis syndrome without documented bacteremia.The illnessbegins abruptly acute, worse and manifested with high fever, myalgias, and non-productive cough frequently present in AI (H5N1)infections. This biblography study, consist of reviewing the screening examination such as serologic assay, exactly assay of viral cultureand RT-PCR. The results of this study may get the information which is sensitive and spesific for diagnosing the disease. In this caseshould be known the neccesity of some assays phases to assist the exact diagnosis of AI. AI disease spreading in poultry or migrationendemic area must be monitored.
POLA BAKTERI DAN TES KEPEKAAN ANTIBIOTIKA WANITA HAMIL DENGAN BAKTERIURIA ASIMTOMATIS
Authors: Kalalo L. P. , Aryati Aryati , Subagjo B.
Published: October 2018

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is defined as bacteriuria consisting of one type of bacteria ³ 105 CFU/mL in clean-voided midstreamculture of a person without any symptoms of urinary tract infection. Untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria is dangerous for pregnancybecause complications such as pyelonephritis, maternal sepsis, premature birth, and premature rupture of the membrane, low birthweight baby, hypertension and or preeclampsia, anaemia in pregnancy, amnionitis and post delivery endometriosis can arise. Someasymptomatic cases could threaten the pregnant woman and her foetus without prior pyelonephritis symptoms. The purpose of this studywas to determine the pattern of bacteria in asymptomatic bacteriuria pregnant women and their antibiotic sensitivity. This study hasbeen carried out between October 2003 and April 2004 on 376 pregnant women without symptoms of urinary tract infection. Screeningwas performed using urine culture, followed by antibiotic susceptibility test. The study showed that the prevalence of asymptomaticbacteriuria among pregnant women in RSU Dr. Soetomo was 9.85% (37 out of 376 pregnant women without urinary tract infection).Thirteen bacterial types were found in those 37 positive samples. The most common bacteria found was Escherichia coli (37.83%). Thisbacterium was sensitive to ceftriaxone (85.71%), nitrofurantoin (64.28%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (57.14%). Based on the datagained in this study, it is concluded that the prevalence of pregnancy cases with asymptomatic bacteriuria in the Dr. Soetomo Hospitalis significantly high (9.85%). The most recommended drugs are ceftriaxone, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and nitrofurantoin.
GAMBARAN KADAR KOLESTEROL, ALBUMIN DAN SEDIMEN URIN PENDERITA ANAK SINDROMA NEFROTIK
Authors: Handayani Irda , Rusli B. , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia accompanied by oedema and hypercholesterolemia.Nephrotic syndrome is an often relapsing disease (75%) and often the diagnosis is too late. This disease is 15 times greater in childrenthan in adult and the male to female ratio is 2:1. Laboratory examination is needed to rapidly detect and evaluate the progress of thedisease for treatment. To know the distribution of NS based on aged, gender, cholesterol, and albumin concentration and the urinesediment profile. The data in this retrospective descriptive study were collected from 56 patients with NS at the Wahidin SudirohusodoHospital, Makassar, in the period of January 2004 – June 2006. NS were found in 36 male patients (64.3%) and 20 female patients(35.7%). Cholesterol concentrations were 250 mg/dl in 50 patients (89.3%) and 250 mg/dl in 6 patients (10.7%). Albuminconcentration was 2.5 g/dl in 21 patients (37.5%) and < 2.5 gr/dl in 35 patients (62.5%). In urine sediments, there were found in 23patients (41.1%) with positive proteinuria (+++), 51 patients (91.1%) with positive erythrocytes, 54 patients (96.4%) with positiveleucocytes, and 33 patients (58.9%) with positive cylinders such as rugged granular and fatty cost. More NS were found in male patientsin comparison to female, and many were aged + 6 years. Hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, hematuria, leucocyturia,and positive cylinder (rugged granular and fatty cast) were found in the urine of most of the NS patients.
PENENTUAN STRATEGIK PRIORITAS PELAYANAN LABORATORIUM KLINIK MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK SFAS (STR ATEGIC FACT ORS ANALYSIS SUMMARY) BERSARANA ACUAN SWOT
Authors: Mulyono B.
Published: October 2018

To face the global competition of clinical laboratory services, some techniques are needed for strategic formulation. SWOT, external,and internal analysis have been known as techniques for those purposes. SFAS technique was introduced recently as a simple procedureto be used as complementary tool. To evaluate an program prioritization using SFAS technique. Qualitative descriptive case analysis.Observation was done into Clinical Pathology Department of Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta during its activities in the year of 2006.IFA and EFA matrices showed the total scores > 2.5 and SWOT analysis revealed that the position was in 1st quadrant of the matrix.SFAS technique showed the total score > 3.0 that mean the prioritization was appropiate. SFAS technique is valuable in supportingthe formulation of strategy.
NILAI UREUM, KREATININ, DAN PENYINGKIRAN KREATININ DI PENDERITA PENYAKIT GINJAL MENAHUN (KRONIK)
Authors: Ismail I. , . Mutmainnah , . Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Chronically Kidney Disease (CKD) is still a health problem with a high incidence, complex aetiology, and often without complaintsor clinical symptoms except in the terminal stadium. To know the distribution of CKD according to age, sex group, aetiology, determiningstage of CKD based on creatinine clearance value, a retrospective study was conducted on 88 patients of CKD at Wahidin SudirohusodoPublic Hospital of Makassar from January to December 2004. The diagnosis of CKD was based on serum ureum value (ModifiedBarthelot), serum creatinine value (Jaffe) and creatinine clearance value (Cockroft Gault). Chronically Kidney Disease was found morefrequent in men 59.09% (52 of 88). The peak age prevalence was between 50 to less than < 60 years 29.55%. The eldest patient was 83years while the youngest was 16 years. The most fragment aetiology of CKD was hypertension 18.18% (16 of 88). Based on creatinineclearance values the medium group, severe group, and renal failure group were the age group respectively 3.41%, 19.32% and 77.27%.The prevalence of CKD is found more frequent in 50 less than 60 years of age. Hypertension seems to be the more predominant aetiology,and staging based on creatinine clearance value showed that most patients were in the renal failure group.
PENGARUH RESTRIKSI KALORI TERHADAP KADAR HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA DAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA TIKUS TUA
Authors: Harianja E. , Widijanti Anik , Arsana Putu Moda , Handono K.
Published: October 2018

Aging is a syndrome of progressive, universal and irreversible alterations. Endocrinology alterations in aging consist of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, increase of hydrogen peroxide and glucose blood level. At the beginning of aging process the Pancreaticcellsproducemoreinsulininorderiskeepbloodglucosewithinnormallevel.Butthepersistentofhyperglycemiaconditioncausedthepancreatic-cellsunabletoproduceadequateinsulinduetointernalfactorsorexternalfactors.Asthisconditionprogress,wouldbedisturbedfastingandpost-prandialbloodglucose(hyperglicemia).Besidesinsulinresistance,freeradicalsalsoincreasedasaconsequenceoffailurecompensationofcellsinthebody.TheaimofthisstudyistodeterminethatintermittentanddailycalorierestrictioninoldmaleWistarratscanreduceserumhydrogenperoxide,andbloodglucoselevel.Themethodofthisstudywasanexperimentalstudywithpost-testcontrolgroupdesign.TwentyfourmaleWistarratsabout12monthsold,weredividedintofourequalgroupsandeachgroupcontainsixrats:(i)adlibitumfed(control),(ii)2-1intermittentwith2daysfedand1dayfast,(iii)1-1intermittentwith1dayfedand1dayfast,and(iv)40%continuouscalorierestrictioneveryday.Independentvariableinthisstudywascalorieintakeandbodyweight.Dependentvariableswerehydrogenperoxideleveland.Bloodglucoselevel.Thedifferenceofeachgroupwasanalyzedwithone way ANOVA and the least significant difference was analyzed by the use post hoc tests, using p < 0.05. The result of this study for hydrogen peroxide and blood glucose level in control group with experimental groups were p 0.000 and p 0.001. There was positivecorrelation between hydrogen peroxide level and blood glucose level r 0.791. We conclude that calorie restriction decrease hydrogenperoxide level and as well as regulating of blood glucose level. The best one of this method is 40% calorie restriction.
IMUNOSUPRESI UNTUK PENCANGKOKAN GINJAL (Bagian I)
Authors: Ma'at Suprapto
Published: October 2018

Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for most patients with end stage renal disease. Most of the time, transplantationrejection is immunological mediated. Both T cells and circulating antibodies are induced against allograft. Successful organtransplantation requires the use of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent the host's immune system from rejecting the transplanted organ.The development of immunosuppressive drugs is the key to successful allograft function Immunosuppressive agents are used for induction(intense immunosuppressant in the initial days after transplantation), maintenance and reversal of established rejection. This reviewfocuses on agents that are either approved or in phase 2 or phase 3 trials in kidney transplantation.
PEMERIKSAAN CD4 HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN STADIUM PENYAKIT HIV PENDERITA
Authors: Aman Adi K. , . Tonny , . Rachmad
Published: October 2018

The accurate measuring CD4 are important for knowing immune system from HIV infected person. Because there are increasing clinical complication with decreasing of CD4. Measuring of CD4 also useful for the decisions when therapy of ART started and monitoringefficacy of the medication. Also it is necessary to know CD4 and its relations to HIV stadium in HIV positive patients at Adam MalikGeneral Hospital Medan. The CD4 examination used in EDTA blood. Immunophenotyping examination carried out by Flow CytometryBD FACS CaliburTM used TritestTM BD reagent CD3/CD4/CD45 without true count tube. From 515 HIV patients, 80.5% are men, 86%from all patients between 20-40 years old with biggest risk factor are heterosexual. From 250 patients that examination of CD4, 81%patients are stadium I had amount CD4 > 350/mm. Examination of CD4 arethe important parameter to follow up condition of HIV patient for prevented not become worse, also knowing diseases progressivismand therapy progress.3 and patients stadium III had amount CD4 < 200/mm3
PETANDA KEBAHAYAAN (RISIKO) PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER TERKAIT LDL
Authors: . Adi Priyana
Published: October 2018

Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of coronary heart disease (CHD), and it is still the primary cause of death in Indonesia and most industrialized countries. The conventional risk factor for atherosclerosis and CHD are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemiaand smoking. On the other hand, Lp (a), homocystein and small dense LDL (sd-LDL) have been considered as novel risk factors for CHDLow of high density lipoprotein (HDL), high of low density cholesterol (LDL-c) and high homocystein as part of dyslipidemia, has beenconsidered as independent risk factor for CHD.The principal objective of the present study was to compare between HDL-c, Lp (a), andsd-LDL and homocystein as a risk marker of CHD. The study subject were divided into two groups, risk group consist of 94 subjects whohad > 2 CHD risk factors and control group recruited 49 subject who had no CHD risk factors. Both groups had fasted for 10-12 hourbefore their sera were collected. The sera were examined for HDL-c, Lp (a), sd-LDL and homocystein. Four alternative multivariate modelwere compared: sd-LDL, sd-LDL + HDL-c, sd-LDL, HDL-c + Lp (a) and sd-LDL, HDL-c + sd-LDL + Lp (a) + homocystein. Result of thistudy showed that the sd-LDL had the most significant and accurate as risk marker for CHD. Lp (a), HDL-c and homocystein were lessaccurate if used as risk marker for CHD compare with sd-LDL. Small dense LDL is an accurate risk marker for CHD. Further study musbe done using larger sample size of CHD subjects with similar age between risk and control groups.
SEL PLASMA LEUKEMIA HUBUNGAN DENGAN MIELOFIBROSIS
Authors: Sulistiandari Sri , . Budiman
Published: October 2018

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a variant form of myeloma which contain more than >20% plasma cells and an absolute plasmacell content â‰¥ 2.000/mm3 in peripheral blood. PCL is a rare disorder, whole PCL with myelofibrosis is even more rare disorder. Thecorrelation between plasma cell leukemia and myelofibrosis is unclear. A 59-years-old woman referred to our hospital with generalweakness and severe anemia. Physical examination: looks pale, anaemic of conjunctiva, hepatosplenomegaly. The laboratory findingsare Hb 4.1 gr/dL, MCV 81 fL, MCH 26.7 pg, leucocytes 22.500/mm3, thrombocytes 26.000/mm3, reticulocytes 1.8%. The peripheralblood showed leucoerythroblastic morphology with teardrop cells and 32% plasma cells. Bone marrow aspiration revealed massiveplasma cell infiltrations (90%). Protein electrophoresis showed hypogammaglobulinemia. There is no evidence of osteolitic bone lesionon radiological examination. Clinical and laboratory finding above support the diagnosis of Primary Plasma Cell Leukaemia that maylead to myelofibrosis as a complication. Bone marrow biopsy is required to confirm diagnosis of myelofibrosis.