bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REMİNERALİZASYON AJANLARINDA GÜNCEL YAKLAŞIMLAR
Authors: AKAL Nese , USTAOĞLU Seren
Published: April 2023

ÖZ

Minimal invaziv diş hekimliğinin bir ilkesi olarak başlangıç mine çürük lezyonlarını remineralize etmek için klinik olarak çürük önleme stratejilerine olan ihtiyaç çok belirgindir. Florür içeren materyallerle yapılan remineralizasyon uygulamaları, mevcut çürük yönetimi felsefelerinin temel taşı iken; başlangıç lezyonlarının daha derin remineralizasyonunu teşvik ettiğini, yüksek florür içerikli ürünlerle ilişkili potansiyel riskleri azalttığını ve ömür boyu çürük kontrolünü kolaylaştırdığını iddia eden bir dizi yeni remineralizasyon stratejileri geliştirilmektedir. Bu sistemler, genel olarak florürün etkinliğinin artmasını teşvik ederek çürük lezyonlarını onaran biyomimetik mine rejenerasyon teknolojileri ve yaklaşımları olarak kategorize edilebilir.
Investigation of the Efficiency of Occupational Health and Safety Education of Agriculture Department Students in Vocational High Schools
Authors: Sarıcan Sena Yaren , Fırlarer Arzu , Eyidoğan Füsun
Published: April 2023

The basis of occupational hazards and risks in agriculture, which is a high-risk sector, is due to the behavior of farmers based on a lack of knowledge. In this sense, farmers are required to have knowledge of occupational health and safety (OHS) in agriculture and to carry out their work with the following health and safety measures. The easiest way to achieve this is to implement these measures by making a habit of them together with technical experts working with the farmers in the field. In this context, it is important that agricultural, food, and laboratory technicians, who play an important role in ensuring soil and animal health and safety, acquire this information during their training. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of occupational health and safety training prepared for students studying in the relevant departments of vocational high schools. Occupational health and safety training in agriculture was given to students from the agriculture and laboratory department of İstanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School, which was determined as a pilot school in Ankara, and the awareness of high school students in the field of occupational health and safety was measured and especially on OHS in pesticide use. The tests applied at the beginning and end of the training were analyzed at the end of the study and it was concluded that they gained the awareness to a large extent. While the awareness score was 55 in the test performed at the beginning of the training, the awareness score increased to 95 after the training.
Determination And Comparison of Soil Deformation Areas, Stubble Burial Rates and Stubble Quantities of Single-Acting Disc Harrow Driven by The Tail Shaft and Single-Acting Disc Harrow That Takes Its Movement from The Soil
Authors: Çıtıl Ergün , Marakoğlu Tamer
Published: April 2023

In this study; soil-driven single-acting disc harrow and PTO-driven single-acting disc harrow machines were used. The single-acting disc harrow, which moves from the soil, was tested with two different disc diameters (610 mm and 660 mm) and three different direction angles (16o- 23o and 30o), while the single-acting disc harrow, which moves from the tail shaft, was tested with two different disc diameters (610 mm and 660 mm), three different direction angles (160- 230 and 300) and three different disc speeds (104.97-119.97 and 143.96 min-1). As a result of the treatments, the effects on soil moisture retention, deformation area, stubble burial rate and stubble amount were compared for both machines.

It was determined that the cutting width and working depth increased with the increase in disk diameter and direction angle, and the deformation area increased accordingly. The lowest amount of stubble was obtained from D1N3Y3, D1N3Y2 and D2N3Y3 treatments as 20.67 g m-2, 22.67 g m-2 and 25.33 g m-2, respectively. The highest stubble burial rate was 87.30%, 86.07% and 84.02% in D1N3Y3, D1N3Y2 and D1N2Y3 treatments. While the lowest u/v ratio was obtained from D1N1Y1 with 3.03, the highest u/v ratio was obtained from D2N3Y3 with 4.63, the lowest skidding rate was obtained from D1N3Y1 with 3.17% and the highest skidding rate was obtained from D2Y3 with 11.99
In Vitro Micropropagation of Fruit Species Using Next Generation Bioreactors
Authors: karakoyun merve , EROĞLU ALİ , Arıkan Şeyma , ipek muzaffer
Published: April 2023

This review provides a summary of the most recent advancements in bioreactor systems, which have become more popular over the past few decades due to the outstanding qualities they offer for the creation of plant tissue and organ cultures in the laboratory as well as on a large scale. It provides a comprehensive discussion on the application of bioreactor systems in fruit cultivation as well as current research. This review presents a solution for researchers who are interested in the cultivation of diverse fruit species, as well as describes the methods that are used in the bioreactor system to propagate various fruit species.
Caracterización física, demográfica y socioeconómica de los cantones de Costa Rica a partir de las tasas de usuarios lesionados o fallecidos en carretera en el año 2018
Authors: Sanabria-Barboza Diana Carolina , Hernández-Vega Henry
Published: April 2023

This work presents the application of techniques related to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to characterize the 81 cantons of Costa Rica in limited dimensions, based on indicators of road users’ exposure to minor, serious injuries, or death (on-site) in traffic accidents, to analyze possible variables that could be related to their incidence. Through the analysis of hierarchical groupings, three groups of cantons were found with differentiated conditions in two constructed components, and in terms of the incidence rates in analysis. With the association of physical and sociodemographic variables, it was found that the cantons with the lowest development indices, the greatest deficiencies, and the highest proportion of young population have a higher risk of road victimization in occupants of cars with four or more wheels.
Reflexiones teóricas sobre la movilidad y la planificación urbano sostenible aplicadas a la Gran Área Metropolitana, Costa Rica
Authors: Quesada-Thompson Greyty
Published: April 2023

In Costa Rica and in particular in the Greater Metropolitan Area (GAM), most of the studies on the subject of inter-modality and transportation raise proposals related to the right to mobility and the implementation of inter-modality, however, they do not establish the feasibility to execute it. Also, the analysis of the theoretical issues and the approach under which they are oriented are left aside. This article proposes a series of theoretical reflections on important concepts and principles of urban mobility, based on the methodology of strategic city planning and under the sustainable urban planning approach. From the principles of continuity and connectivity that seek to promote the movement and displacement of people, goods and services, this article considered the approach of the concept of urban corridor as a strategy for mobility. It's included, a brief study of urban morphology and a circulation model (in a sector of the Greater Metropolitan Area). The results evidenced the GAM's limited capacity to promote interconnections between different places.
The transcriptome and metabolic pathways of Persea americana under drought and low-temperature stress
Authors: Zhang Yi , Luo Maniya , Yuan Xiaolong , Yang Zhijuan , Wang Yi , Zheng Yuan
Published: April 2023

Persea americana Mill. is an important cash crop that contains effective ingredients to reduce cholesterol and protect the cardiovascular system. Presently, the gene regulation mechanism and signal pathway of stress response in P. americana are unclear. To explore the gene expression changes of P. americana under drought and low-temperature stress, the transcripts of P. americana were sequenced under these conditions. The results produced 42,815,960 bp raw reads. Analysis of the related metabolic pathways and differentially expressed genes showed that under drought stress, the gene expression of beta-amylase 3, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and hexokinase were upregulated, while the gene expression of UDP-glycosyltransferase superfamily protein isoform, glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, and glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase were downregulated. Under low-temperature stress, the expression of beta-amylase and shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase genes was downregulated. In addition, WRKY, MYB, bHLH, and NAC transcription factors were expressed under drought and low-temperature stress. Finally, the RNA-Seq data were validated using real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis to identify the key genes of P. americana regulated at the transcriptional level under drought and low-temperature stress. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of drought-resistant and low-temperature tolerant P. americana varieties.
Artificial Intelligence and Fake News
Authors: Hussein Fadia , Hejase Hussin J.
Published: April 2023

Artificial intelligence depends on digital devices’ performance to perform tasks regularly, requiring human intelligence, using special software to accomplish work easier and faster, carrying out data-packed tasks, and providing useful analytics or solutions. It also requires a specialized laboratory that provides high-performance computing capabilities and a technical platform for deep machine learning. These resources will enable the artificial intelligence platform to master the machine learning techniques of using, developing, simulating, predicting models, and building ready-to-use technological solutions such as analytics platforms.

In general, the artificial intelligence system manipulates and manages large amounts of training data to form correlations and patterns used in building future predictions . A limited-memory artificial intelligence system can store a limited amount of information based on the data that have been processed and dealt with previously to build knowledge by memory when combined with pre-programmed data. Consequently, one may ask how artificial intelligence applications contribute to verifying the truthfulness of the media through digital media. How do they contribute to preventing the spread of misleading and false news?

This study tries to answer the following question: What methods and tools are adopted by artificial intelligence to detect fake news, especially on social media platforms and depending on artificial intelligence laboratories?

This paper is framed within automation control theory and by defining the needed control tools and programs to detect fake news and verify media facts.
CONDITIONS FOR RECHARGING THE CAPACITORS OF THE COMMUTATING DEVICE OF A THREE-PHASE BRIDGE COMPENSATION CONVERTER
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», 37, Peremohy Ave., Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Boiko V.S. , Shkardun O.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», 37, Peremohy Ave., Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The development of the authors is aimed at creating a modern power electronics device with high energy characteristics. In the scheme of a three-phase bridge compensation converter, the role of the commutator is a performed by a three-phase group of fully controlled devices. This technical solution allows for controlled recharging of the commutating link capacitors. In this case, the ultimate goal is to create such conditions for the formation of a commutating voltage, which, in shape and magnitude, is capable of providing a compensation mode of operation of power electric diodes. The conditions for recharging the capacitors of the commutating link were studied in three modes: the adjustment is carried out within the limits of the operation of the diodes of its phase, the next and the previous one. The conditions under which a three-phase bridge converter is able to operate effectively in a compensation mode are proved. To do this, when recharging the capacitor bank, a group of fully controlled devices of the commutated link must be regulated within the operation of the power electric diode of its own or subsequent phase. Comparison of the characteristics of the commutating voltage for different modes of its formation is carried out by the method of harmonic analysis. References 8, figures 5, tables 2.
ELECTRODYNAMICS OF HIGH-PRECISION ITERATIVE FEED ELECTRIC DRIVE OF MACHINING CENTER WITH INERTIAL LOAD
Authors:   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute»,  Kirpichova str., 2, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine, Khudiayev O.A. , Pshenychnykov D.O. ,   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute»,  Kirpichova str., 2, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine, Klepikov V.B. ,   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute»,  Kirpichova str., 2, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine, Vorobiov B.V. ,   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute»,  Kirpichova str., 2, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The kinematical diagram and refined mathematical model of steady motion in machining mode of high-precision itera-tive multichannel differential-geared electric feed drive of machining center with substantially inertial working tool are presented. The structural-algorithmic diagram of a three-channel control system of an electric drive, represented by various options for implementing an iterative algorithm for the interaction of control channels is given. Concretization of computer model is completed to simulation of movements of iterative two- and three-channel electric drive with sub-ordinated adjustment of control channels, destined for displacement of working tool feed mechanism in face milling mode. Comparative assessment in time and frequency areas of quality indicators to improve the feed accuracy using the proposed multichannel electromechanical system is completed. Comparison is made with similar on purpose, but dif-ferent on speed of operation, modern single-channel gearless feed electric drives, which traditionally used on heavy metal cutting machines and machining centers. It is shown that in compensated two- and three-channel electric drive compared to even broadband single-channel asynchronous feed electric drive with frequency-current vector control a significant increase not only in speed of operation, but also in the dynamic accuracy of feed control practically in the entire range of working tool movements can be achieved. It is determined that iterative three-channel electric drive potentially provides a level of quality control of the working tool, unattainable not only in the corresponding traditional single-channel electric feed drives of various types, but in a similar construction two-channel differential-reducer feed electric drive. References 10, figures 5, table 1.
Variation in the Management of Hospitalized Children With Orbital Cellulitis Over 10 Years
Authors: Nguyen Emily Lan-Vy , Hersi Leo , Mahant Sanjay , Cichon Jessica , Drouin Olivier , Pound Catherine , Quet Julie , Wahi Gita , Bayliss Ann , Vomiero Gemma , Foulds Jessica L. , Kanani Ronik , Sakran Mahmoud , Sehgal Anupam , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Widjaja Elysa , Reginald Arun , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Oni Semipe , Anwar Rashid , Louriachi Hossam , Ge Yipeng , Kirolos Nardin , Patel Ashaka , Jasani Hardika , Kornelsen Emily , Chugh Ashton , Gouda Sandra , Akbaroghli Susan , McKerlie Morgyn , Parkin Patricia C. , Gill Peter J.
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVES

No previous study has examined the management of hospitalized children with orbital cellulitis at both children’s and community hospitals across multiple sites in Canada. We describe variation and trends over time in diagnostic testing and imaging, adjunctive agents, empiric antibiotics, and surgical intervention in children hospitalized with orbital cellulitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Multicenter cohort study of 1579 children aged 2 months to 18 years with orbital cellulitis infections admitted to 10 hospitals from 2009 to 2018. We assessed hospital-level variation in the use of diagnostic tests, imaging, antibiotics, adjunctive agents, surgical intervention, and clinical outcomes using X2, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The association between clinical management and length of stay was evaluated with median regression analysis with hospital as a fixed effect.

RESULTS

There were significant differences between children’s hospitals in usage of C-reactive protein tests (P < .001), computed tomography scans (P = .004), MRI scans (P = .003), intranasal decongestants (P < .001), intranasal corticosteroids (P < .001), intranasal saline spray (P < .001), and systemic corticosteroids (P < .001). Children’s hospital patients had significantly longer length of hospital stay compared with community hospitals (P = .001). After adjustment, diagnostic testing, imaging, and subspecialty consults were associated with longer median length of hospital stay at children’s hospitals. From 2009 to 2018, C-reactive protein test usage increased from 28.8% to 73.5% (P < .001), whereas erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased from 31.5% to 14.1% (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

There was significant variation in diagnostic test usage and treatments, and increases in test usage and medical intervention rates over time despite minimal changes in surgical interventions and length of stay.
The APPD Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network’s First Decade
Authors: Schwartz Alan , King Beth , Mink Richard , Turner Teri , Abramson Erika , Blankenburg Rebecca , Degnon Laura
Published: April 2023

In 2009, the Association of Pediatric Program Directors (APPD) Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network (LEARN), a national educational research network, was formed. We report on evaluation of the network after 10 years of operation by reviewing program context, input, processes, and products to measure its progress in performing educational research that advances training of future pediatricians. Historical changes in medical education shaped the initial development of the network. APPD LEARN now includes 74% (148 of 201) of US Pediatric residency programs and has recently incorporated a network of Pediatric subspecialty fellowship programs. At the time of this evaluation, APPD LEARN had approved 19 member-initiated studies and 14 interorganizational studies, resulting in 23 peer-reviewed publications, numerous presentations, and 7 archived sharable data sets. Most publications focused on how and when interventions work rather than whether they work, had high scores for reporting rigor, and included organizational and objective performance outcomes. Member program representatives had positive perceptions of APPD LEARN’s success, with most highly valuing participation in research that impacts training, access to expertise, and the ability to make authorship contributions for presentations and publication. Areas for development and improvement identified in the evaluation include adopting a formal research prioritization process, infrastructure changes to support educational research that includes patient data, and expanding educational outreach within and outside the network. APPD LEARN and similar networks contribute to high-rigor research in pediatric education that can lead to improvements in training and thereby the health care of children.
Narratives in Mixe of Oaxaca
Authors: Kondic Ana
Published: April 2023

This book is a unique collection of narratives in Mixe, a language of the Mixe-Zoquean group spoken in the Sierra Norte, state of Oaxaca, Mexico. This collection of texts, never before published, is a testimony to this language and culture and arose from the field work undertaken by the author in Mixe communities of the Sierra Norte in 2018 and 2019. The book contains introductory materials, texts in Mixe, Spanish, and English, and vocabularies of three Mixe varieties. Two of these varieties were completely undescribed and the third only moderately documented. The narratives presented here are authentic, and with their colourful and diverse descriptions of everyday life and villagers’ experiences, folktales, beliefs and songs, offer ethnographic information and portray Mixe culture. The narratives found in this book provide attractive and reliable literary materials for children and adults of the Mixe communities, and can be used for the development of literacy in this language. This is genuine narrative material, unadulterated, received from the speakers themselves and prepared in close partnership between the Mixe speakers and the author, the scholar leading the project. The narratives range from simple texts about everyday life to complex tales and legends. The Mixe are an indigenous people of Mexico who live in the Sierra Norte, the north-eastern highlands of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Their endonym is “Ayuujk jä'äy”, which means “the Ayuujk people”. They speak Mixe languages (Mixe-Zoquean family), which have not been thoroughly researched. Never conquered or dominated, the Mixe are culturally conservative and maintain their language to the present day.
Regeneration measures in time and space: Site preparation, planting and digital tools
Authors:   ,   Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Nordin Per
Published: April 2023

Regeneration success depends on decisions made based on factors on aregional, site, and microenvironmental level. Therefore, understanding andmapping of such factors between and within sites can guide decisions forbetter seedling establishment. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to findcombinations of regeneration measures that result in low seedling mortalityand high growth. Additionally, to explore the potential of digital tools inregeneration planning. Aims were handled using field experiments and asurvey, by integrating digital tools in the analysis and experimental set-up. Increased precipitation and decreased air temperatures between April andOctober during the planting year lowered seedling mortality. Planting inmineral soil also lowered the mortality rate, which emphasized theimportance of planting and site preparation quality (Paper I). Selection ofsite preparation method was found to be of minor importance. The sitepreparation’s ability to create suitable planting spots was most important forseedling survival and growth. Selection of site preparation affected soildisturbance, and natural regeneration was promoted with all methods usedin the experiments (Paper II). Adapting planting position choice, followingsite preparation, to within-site variation was valuable to decrease mortalityrates and promote growth (Paper II-III). In wet conditions, elevatedplanting positions were advantageous compared to lower ones, but moreflexibility could be applied in drier conditions. Norway spruce, Scots pine,and silver birch reacted differently to planting position choice (Paper III).Paper I-III indicated that digital tools could be used in regenerationplanning. A depth-to-water-raster successfully explained seedling mortalityand growth in the extreme ends of the soil moisture spectrum. Using remotesensing derived variables can be valuable for further mapping andunderstanding of between and within-site variation in future regenerationplanning. There were no long-term negative effects on stand productivityafter 30 years following site preparation. The standing volume was largestafter ploughing but disc trenching and mounding also had higher standingvolume than the unscarified control (Paper IV). I conclude that regenerationdecisions made today, regarding species selection and regeneration method,should strive for increased precision for the benefit of the forests oftomorrow.
Geneza prawnej ochrony polskich symboli narodowych i państwowych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Grabowski Radosław
Published: April 2023

There is no protection in national and state symbols in Poland, there is no long tradition, because the first statutory regulations on this issue come from the first half of the 18th century, and comprehensive statutory protection has been in effect since 1919. The practice of using the eagle symbol as a sign of the Polish state and its authorities is much longer, because in the case of the emblem it dates back to 1005, and in the case of the coat of arms to 1295. The specificity of the status of state symbols in the monarchy and the lack of legal protection of the signs of rulers and states until the 19th century, it is impossible to carry out a legal analysis and examine the scope of protection. A change in this respect took place in the 19th century, i.e. at the beginning of constitutionalism and detailed statutory regulations, including codes. In the case of Poland, issuing such regulations was impossible or possible only for short periods of time, due to the fact that Polish lands remained under partition from the late 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century. Legal acts issued in the period 1807–1832 are of particular interest. However, the tendencies to isolate and protect state symbols in the regulations of the then European countries could only be implemented in Poland after 1918.
Konstytucja RP a egzorcyzmy
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Zieliński Jędrzej
Published: April 2023

This article examines the determinants and consequences of the rite of exorcism from the constitutional law perspective. The study was limited to exorcism in the Roman Catholic Church due to its dominance in the religious composition of population in Poland. Exorcism is clearly a manifestation of religion, and it is argued that its performance should be subject to constraints justified by the need to protect the health and the right to humane treatment of the exorcised. Therefore, it is necessary to call for the establishment of legal restrictions, both preventive (mandatory medical consultation before performing the rite, mandatory medical examination for exorcists) and ex-post (ban on performing the rite on a given category of people). On the other hand, an absolute ban on exorcisms would violate the essence of the freedom to manifest religion and would not satisfy the requirements of proportionality.
Pozycja ustrojowa Lidera Opozycji w maltańskim systemie konstytucyjnym
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Łukaszewski Marcin
Published: April 2023

The subject of the article is the institution of the Maltese Leader of the Opposition. Using the institutional and legal method, the Author analyzes constitutional solutions (and, to a limited extent, their evolution since 1921), the practical use of provisions with reference to the political crisis of 2020 and recommendations for changing provisions that would enable the empowerment of the Opposition Leader and making the nominations to the most important organs of the Maltese state less partisan. As part of the summary, the Author points out: the relatively high level of detail in the solutions regarding the appointment of the Opposition Leader by the President, which, however, did not protect the Maltese system from the 2020 crisis; a very ineffective mechanism for appointing persons specified in the constitution with the participation of the Opposition Leader; a very limited catalog of matters in which the Opposition Leader participates in decision-making mechanisms.
Ewolucja pozycji ustrojowej Wielkiego Zgromadzenia Narodowego Turcji
Authors:   Politechnika Koszalińska, Liszkowska Dominika
Published: April 2023

The aim of article is to show the evolution of parliament’s role in Turkey and the changes taking place within the tripartite division of power from the time of the establishment of the Republic of Turkey (1920’s) to 2018. The article attempts to answer the following questions: how have the scope of competences and the position of the Turkish parliament changed? What are the competences of the parliament following the last reform of the Basic Law (1982)? The research hypothesis assumes that in the case of Turkey, we are dealing with a process of gradual deparliamentarization and replacement of parliament’s supremacy in the tripartite division of powers with a strong monocratic executive power. The changes taking place, characterized in successive basic laws and their amendments, can be described as a gradual weakening of the legislative power and the reduction of its powers in the structure of governmental bodies.
Miejsce prawa do Internetu w krajowych porządkach prawnych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Milczarek Ewa
Published: April 2023

The information revolution, and the associated rapid development of technology, led to significant social changes. Currently every aspect of our life depends on access to the Internet. The conceptualization of the right to the Internet is a consequence of these changes and is an important element of the contemporary concept of the status of the individual. Many countries have started to implement it into their legal systems. The paper separates and assesses individual strategies of adopting this law. The research aim of the article is to answer the question: does the right to the Internet require direct introduction to the constitutional order of the state. The effect of the considerations is to define the desired place of the Internet right in the national legal order.
O dowodach nielegalnych z perspektywy artykułu 51 ustęp 4 Konstytucji RP
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Dąbrowski Kamil
Published: April 2023

Understanding the Constitution as the essential act of a legal system prompts us to seek answers to even the most difficult questions in it. One of them is the problem of the status of illegal evidence, the use of which, although facilitating court proceedings, raises doubts from the perspective of constitutional principles. Therefore, this study’s task is to establish the status of such evidence from the perspective of Art. 51.4 of the Constitution, taking into account the theoretical and legal distinction between norms shaping the rules of formalization and conventionalization of evidence activities.
Ekonomiczne uwarunkowania wykładni prawa do ochrony zdrowia w Konstytucji RP
Authors:   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach, Zachorowski Rafał , Zachorowska Joanna ,   Sąd Rejonowy w Gliwicach
Published: April 2023

The article presents considerations on the impact of the interpretation of the constitutional right to health protection on the functioning of the public health care system. The issues include the discrepancy between the literal interpretation of the constitutional norm and the interpretation of the Constitutional Tribunal. The inconsistency of the application of a constitutional norm in legislation leads to inequality in accessing health services for some groups of citizens and affects to some extent the financial stability of health providers. To ensure higher efficiency of constitutional norms, it is necessary to analyse their socio-economic preconditions and to reflect on the effects of their introduction into the legal system. Otherwise, a dead law is created, which is interpreted in accordance with the currently applicable lower-level legal acts.
Wolność nauczania a autonomia edukacji akademickiej zgodnie z ustawą 2.0
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Chorążewska Anna
Published: April 2023

The issue of work is the autonomy of academic education. Analyzing the factual and legal conditions for adopting the so-called Constitution for Science and applying Act 2.0. in the field of conducting studies leads to considering the presented issue. In this way, the work aims to determine whether legal rules of creating studies curricula, in force since the 2019/2020 academic year, provide universities with the necessary institutional autonomy and guarantee freedom of teaching. The work concludes that the adopted regulation adequately realizes the autonomy of academic education. The analyses show that the adopted solutions enough balance the requirement to protect the public interest and the need to respond to the needs of the socio-economic partners of higher education institutions. In this way, the quality of education is balanced with the need to introduce new curricular content into the programs of study, responding to the challenges of today’s university graduates.
Regulacje konstytucyjne i ustawowe edukacji zdalnej. Teoria a praktyka. Casus Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Tuczyński Krystian , Walat Wojciech ,   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Published: April 2023

The article compares the provisions of the legal regulations on the remote form of education with the actual scope of their application in the academic environment. The research method used was an analysis of documents such as the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, the Act ‘Law on Higher Education and Science’, regulations of the Ministry of Education and Science and internal legal regulations (Orders of UR). The aim of the research was to compare the provisions found in the aforementioned legal regulations with their practical application in the realities of higher education, while the case study of this analysis was the University of Rzeszów. The conclusions obtained may be used to verify solutions both in the course of the standard implementation of the educational process and the introduction of remote education in crisis periods. These include the need for blended learning or the establishment of distance learning centres.
Kodeks Etyki Prawników Europejskich (CCBE) w polskim systemie prawa
Authors:   Politechnika Warszawska, Jaroszyński Tomasz
Published: April 2023

The Code of Conduct for European Lawyers, adopted by the Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe (CCBE), purports to be adopted as enforceable rules in relation to the cross-border activities of the lawyers. The object of this article is to examine whether the Code is a binding act for attorneys at law and attorneys. The professional self-governments have recognised the Code as a binding act for their members, but the analysis leads to the conclusion that there is no basis for this in Polish law. Furthermore, the Code is not an internal act within the meaning of Article 93 of the Polish Constitution. This means that neither attorneys at law nor attorneys can be held disciplinarily liable for breaches of the Code. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the provisions of the Code, they should be included in the professional codes of ethics of these professional self-governments.
Constitutional Guarantees Protecting Professional Secrecy in the Practice of an Attorney under US Law
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Białkowska Paula
Published: April 2023

The subject of the article is the types and characteristics of guarantees created to protect legal professional secrecy in the USA. It is inseparable from its character and role in the performance of the legal profession. The right to privacy is not without significance for the subject of the article, which is the fundamental value and the core of the relationship between the lawyer and the client. These guarantees are one of the most important factors in the legal protection of professional secrecy – crucial not only for the client, the lawyer himself, but also for the entire legal protection system. In particular, attention was paid to the main issues concerning legal secrecy in the Amendments to the US Constitution, which indirectly create a protective system for it.
Solidão, apoio social e reserva cognitiva em idosos na pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Santos Luisa Teixeira dos , Hamdan Amer Cavalheiro
Published: April 2023

A pandemia da COVID-19 afetou significativamente a qualidade de vida dos idosos brasileiros. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o nível de apoio social e de solidão de idosos durante a pandemia do COVID-19 e a sua relação com a reserva cognitiva. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal, a partir de um questionário online com os instrumentos CRIq, UCLA Loneliness Scale Revised e MOS-SSS. A amostra foi composta por 116 idosos brasileiros. Os resultados mostram correlação entre a solidão e o apoio social, mas essas variáveis não foram correlacionadas com a reserva cognitiva. Os modelos de regressão encontrados demonstram a influência da percepção do estado de saúde, e de diferentes meios de comunicação social na predição do apoio social e da solidão. Os resultados apresentados demonstram a importância de avaliar fatores relacionados a qualidade de vida dos idosos brasileiros durante e após a pandemia de COVID-19, de modo a propor estratégias efetivas para o cuidado e bem-estar dessa população.
Sterols Content of Fruiting Bodies of Medicinal Artist's Bracket Mushroom Ganoderma applanatum (Agaricomycetes) Collected in Armenia
Authors: Badalyan Susanna M. , Hayrapetyan Sergey S.
Published: April 2023

The qualitative analysis of hexane extracts obtained from different trama layers (WT, T1-T4) of dried fruiting bodies of medicinal bracket fungus Ganoderma applanatum collected in the Tavoush region of North-East Armenia was performed by GC-MS analysis. Three sterols [(7.22-ergostadienon, ergosterol and ergosta-14.22-diene-3-ol (3β, 5α, 22E)] have been identified. The results have shown that the content and ratio of sterols differ in analyzed trama samples. The highest amount of sterols was detected in middle parts of T2 and T3 layers, while content of sterols gradually decreased to the upper cortical (T4) and lower hymenial (T1) layers. The chromatographic profiles of identified compounds indicate that different sterols dominated in each layer: 7.22-ergostadienon in T4, ergosterol in T3, T2, and T1. The average weight loss of analyzed trama samples during six days of drying was about 40 wt.% (37.0-43.49 wt.%) of the total weight of basidiome, which decreased up to 5 wt.% in the next two days. The complete extraction of sterols lasted six days. Its further prolongation leads to stationary phase without an increase in the amount of extracted sterols.
Analysis of the slurry and ceramic properties for investment casting obtained with domestic colloidal silica binders
Authors: Bazhenov V. E. , Kovyshkina E. P. , Sannikov A. V. , Koltygin A. V. , Ten D. V. , Rizhsky А. A. , Belov V. D. , Lazarev Е. A.
Published: April 2023

The quality of cast parts produced by investment casting is largely determined by the quality of the ceramic molds. Currently, aircraft and engine building enterprises are switching to an environmentally friendly colloidal silica binders for the manufacture of ceramic molds. In this work, the dynamic and relative viscosity of slurries prepared using fused silica powder and colloidal silica binders of the VT13-02U (Vakuumteh LLC), Stavroform VS (Polymet LLC), UltraCast One + and UltraCast Prime (both Technopark LLC) manufacturers were determined. It is shown that the slurries prepared on the considered binders have similar viscosity values, and in their rheological properties they are close to Newtonian liquids. The values of dynamic and relative viscosity at a binder content of 400 mL per 1 kg of fused silica powder were ~732 mPa·s and ~380 s, respectively. With an increase in the binder content to 600 mL per 1 kg of fused silica powder, the dynamic and relative viscosity decreased to ~70 mPa·s and ~16 s, respectively. An equation was also found that relates the dynamic viscosity determined using a rotational viscometer and the relative viscosity determined using the VZ-4 viscosimeter. The mechanical properties were determined during three-point bending tests on ceramic samples obtained using slurries on the above-mentioned colloidal silica binders and fused silica stucco. Samples obtained on binders VT13-02U, Stavroform VS and UltraCast One+ showed very similar bending strength values, namely 3.5–4.3 MPa after drying and 5.8–6.1 MPa after firing. Due to the presence of a polymer addition in the binder, the ceramic samples obtained on the UltraCast Prime binder had higher values of bending strength after drying and after firing – 6.4 and 7.2 MPa, respectively. It was also shown that with an increase in the viscosity of the slurry and a decrease in the fraction of fused silica stucco, the strength of the samples increases. The lowest surface roughness was observed for samples obtained with UltraCast grade binders.
Titanium alloy fatigue strength and eigenfrequency stability
Authors: Shetulov D. I. , Mylnikov V. V. , Dmitriev E. A.
Published: April 2023

We conducted a study on fatigue in flat samples of the VT3-1 titanium alloy using “soft” cyclic beam bending tests. For this purpose, we developed an innovative electromagnetic test bench. The test bench's electromechanical system induces mechanical vibrations at a frequency that matches the eigenfrequency of the sample, ensuring that the cyclic load frequency remains constant. The electromagnetic force bends the sample while the elastic force unbends it, producing a quasi-sinusoidal cyclic load. Through our investigation, we determined the impact of this cyclic loading on both cyclic strength and durability. Our findings indicate that the VT3-1 titanium alloy possesses high resistance to fatigue and an endurance limit. Furthermore, we observed a low variability of the experimental fatigue resistance in relation to the approximating fatigue curve, suggesting the alloy has high structural stability. This finding indicates that the VT3-1 titanium alloy possesses high structural stability. To assess eigenfrequency stability, we subjected the alloy samples to cyclic tests, interrupting them at a reference number of 50 million cycles to evaluate changes in eigenfrequencies and stability under loads close to the fatigue limit. The results showed that the titanium alloy has a high level of eigenfrequency stability. Interruptions in cyclic tests resulted in jump-like increases in eigenfrequencies, which was not observed in continuous tests. Nevertheless, the total eigenfrequency deviations from the initial value at the end of the tests were similar in both cases
Городское планирование и городская самоорганизация: трансформация пространственных ориентиров развития Москвы
Authors: Вендина Ольга
Published: April 2023

Статья посвящена постсоветскому периоду развития Москвы, когда на смену принципам советского градостроительства пришла идеология предпринимательского города, а затем нового урбанизма. Автор задается вопросом о механизмах упорядочивания пространственного развития российской столицы на фоне интенсивного потока слабо контролируемых изменений и нарушения многих градостроительных норм и правил. Высказывается предположение о взаимодействии двух относительно независимых источников пространственного порядка — городского планирования и спонтанной самоорганизации. Основное внимание уделено анализу сдвигов, произошедших в системе приоритетов разных субъектов городского развития: власти, бизнес-структур и жителей. Выделяется роль населения как одного из ключевых агентов изменений. В заключении автор обращает внимание на глубинное противоречие, связанное с автономностью и одновременно взаимозависимостью городского планирования и спонтанной самоорганизации. Пример российской столицы показывает, что доминирование отдельных групп интересов не обеспечивает устойчивого развития города независимо от того, кто будет определять городскую повестку — институты власти, опирающиеся на городское планирование и нормативные регламенты, бизнес-структуры, навязывающие свою логику развития, или «активные москвичи». Несмотря на действие адаптационных механизмов саморегуляции, которые сглаживают как негативные последствия планировочных решений, так и спонтанной самоорганизации, необходимы постоянные интеллектуальные усилия для выявления побочных эффектов происходящих в городе изменений, переформатирующих его физическое и воображаемое пространство
La Lucha Continua: A Presentist Lens on Social Protest in Ecuador
Authors: Schwab Julia
Published: April 2023

Ecuador has one of the most progressive constitutions in Latin America. It defines the state as plurinational and guarantees collective rights to Indigenous people and even to Nature itself. At the same time, the oil sector has been of strategic importance and “national interest” to both right‐ and left‐wing governments for the last decades, contributing with its rents and revenues to around one‐third of the state coffers. Therefore, the extractivist model remains unchallenged and still promises development—while reproducing systemic inequalities and a “continuum of violence.” In June 2022, the Indigenous movement called for a nationwide strike to draw attention to the socio‐economic crisis following the pandemic. The authorities harshly repressed the mobilization and a racializing media discourse demarcated the “Indigenous” agenda from the needs of “all Ecuadorians,” classifying the protesters as “terrorists” and thus, a threat to the nation. Drawing on ethnographic research, this article discusses the role of extractivism in social mobilization. Exploring the future of social protest in Ecuador in the face of new pressures like climate change and the energy transition, it argues that extractivist patterns will change globally and amplify social discontent and mobilization.
OTTOMAN-BRAZILIAN RELATIONS 1858–1919
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Naulko Dmytro
Published: April 2023

The article examines the complex of Ottoman-Brazilian relations in the period 1858–1919 based on a comprehensive analysis of available published sources and the scientific studies of scientists. The development, dynamics, and evolution of bilateral relations between the Ottoman Empire and Brazil during the above period are examined. The major task of this study is to provide an analysis of the prerequisites, reasons, motivation and main course of countries to establish connection and official diplomatic relations, highlighting the general features and major achievements of the activities of Brazilian diplomatic institutions in the territory of the Ottoman Empire and Ottoman diplomatic institutions in the territory of Brazil. The methodological basis of the article is the principles of historicism, pluralism, comprehensiveness, integrity and objectivity of knowledge. Methods of analysis and synthesis were also used. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the fact that for the first time the evolution of relations between the Ottoman Empire and Brazil is highlighted, theoretical assessments of the interests of the Ottoman Empire in Brazil and Brazil in the Ottoman Empire are formulated. In the conclusions of the work, it is noted that due to various and multiple legal conflicts, misunderstandings and the lack of political will, even taking into account the existence of a bilateral agreement on the establishment of diplomatic relations, the activity of diplomatic institutions was extremely complicated by the above-mentioned facts, which did not contribute to the intensification of bilateral relations and its further development. A theoretical assessment of the interests of the Ottoman Empire in Brazil and Brazil in the Ottoman Empire is formulated. The negative influence of the migration factor on bilateral relations has been revealed.