bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Kiwi Fruit Detection Algorithm Based on an Improved Lightweight Network
Authors: Yang Yi , Su Lijun , Zong Aying , Tao Wanghai , Xu Xiaoping , Chai Yixin , Mu Weiyi
Published: October 2024

To address the challenges associated with kiwi fruit detection methods, such as low average accuracy, inaccurate recognition of fruits, and long recognition time, this study proposes a novel kiwi fruit recognition method based on an improved lightweight network S-YOLOv4-tiny detection algorithm. Firstly, the YOLOv4-tiny algorithm utilizes the CSPdarknet53-tiny network as a backbone feature extraction network, replacing the CSPdarknet53 network in the YOLOv4 algorithm to enhance the speed of kiwi fruit recognition. Additionally, a squeeze-and-excitation network has been incorporated into the S-YOLOv4-tiny detection algorithm to improve accurate image extraction of kiwi fruit characteristics. Finally, enhancing dataset pictures using mosaic methods has improved precision in the characteristic recognition of kiwi fruits. The experimental results demonstrate that the recognition and positioning of kiwi fruits have yielded improved outcomes. The mean average precision (mAP) stands at 89.75%, with a detection precision of 93.96% and a single-picture detection time of 8.50 ms. Compared to the YOLOv4-tiny detection algorithm network, the network in this study exhibits a 7.07% increase in mean average precision and a 1.16% acceleration in detection time. Furthermore, an enhancement method based on the Squeeze-and-Excitation Network (SENet) is proposed, as opposed to the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and efficient channel attention (ECA). This approach effectively addresses issues related to slow training speed and low recognition accuracy of kiwi fruit, offering valuable technical insights for efficient mechanical picking methods.
Study on a Novel Reseeding Device of a Precision Potato Planter
Authors: Wang Jiarui , Liao Min , Xia Hailong , Chen Rui , Li Junju , Li Junmin , Yang Jie
Published: October 2024

In order to address the problem of a high miss-seeding rate in mechanized potato planting work, a novel reseeding device is designed and analyzed. Based on dynamic and kinematic principles, the seed potato’s motion analysis model in the seed preparation process was constructed. The analysis results indicate that the seed preparation performance is positively related to the seed preparation opening length l1 and inclination angle of the seed-returning pipe θ. Then, the potato’s motion analysis model in the reseeding process was constructed. The analysis showed that the displacement of seeding potatoes in the horizontal direction ds is influenced by the initial seeding potato’s speed v0t, dropping height hs, and the angle between the seeding pipe and the horizontal ground βs. The horizontal moving distance xr of the reseeding potatoes is influenced by the angle between the bottom of the reseeding pipe and horizontal ground βs2, the distance from its centroid to the reseeding door d, and the dropping height of the potato hr. The analysis results indicated that the reseeding potato can be effectively discharged into the furrow. Then, a prototype of a reseeding control system was constructed based on the STM32 microcontroller, electric pushers, and through-beam laser sensors. The simulation analysis was conducted to verify the theoretical analysis by using EDEM2020 software. The simulation results indicated that with the increase in the seeding chain speed, the seed preparation success rate initially increased slowly and then decreased gradually. The seed preparation performance can be increased by increasing the seed preparation opening length or decreasing the seed-returning pipe inclination angle. The impact on the successful seed preparation rate is ranked by significance as follows: seed preparation opening length > seed-returning pipe inclination angle > chain speed. Then, the prototype reseeding device and the corresponding seed metering device were manufactured and a series of bench tests and field tests were conducted. The bench test results showed an average successful seed preparation rate of 93.6%. The average qualified-seeding rate, miss-seeding rate, and multi-seeding rate in the field test were 89.6%, 2.46%, and 7.94%, respectively. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the design of potato reseeding devices.
Advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fourier Transform–Infrared, Visible-NearInfrared and X-ray Diffraction Methods Used for Characterization of Organo-Mineral Fertilizers Based on Biosolids
Authors: Crainic Ramona , Nagy Elena Mihaela , Fodorean Gabriel , Vasilescu Mihai , Pascuta Petru , Popa Florin , Fechete Radu
Published: October 2024

Biosolids from stabilized sludge present a high fertilization potential, due to their rich content of nutrients and organic matter. The intrinsic and subtle properties of such fertilizers may greatly influence the fertilization efficiency. In this sense, the utility, advantages and limitations of advanced characterization methods, for the investigation of structural and dynamic properties at the microscopic scale of slightly different formulations of fertilizers were assessed. For that, three formulas of organo-mineral fertilizers based on biosolids (V1, V2 and V3), having at least 2% N, 2% P2O5, and 2% K2O, were characterized by advanced methods, such as 1H NMR relaxometry, 1H MAS and 13C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy, 1H double-quantum NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Advanced structural characterization was performed using SEM, EDX and X-ray diffraction. Four dynamical components were identified in the NMR T2 distribution showing that the rigid component has a percentage larger than 90%, which explains the broad band of NMR spectra confirmed by the distributions of many components in residual dipolar coupling as were revealed by 1H DQ-NMR measurements. SEM and EDX measurements helped the identification of components from crystalline-like X-ray diffraction patterns. To evaluate the release properties of organo-mineral fertilizers, dynamic measurements of classical electric conductivity and pH were performed by placing 0.25 g of the formulas (V1, V2 and V3) in 200 mL of distilled water. The content of N and P were quantified using specific reactants, combined with VIS-nearIR spectroscopy. Two release mechanisms were observed and characterized. It was found that V3 presents the smallest release velocity but releases the largest number of fertilizers.
Effects of Different Additives on the Chemical Composition, Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community and Gene Function Prediction of Caragana korshinskii Kom. Silage
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Wei Manlin , Yang Fuyu , Zheng Haiying , Gao Junjie , Peng Wen , Xiao Ming , Zhang Runze , Zheng Yongjie
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lentilactobacillus plantarum (LP), cellulase (CE), and xylanase (XE) supplementation on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, and bacterial community of Caragana korshinskii Kom. silage. Four groups were designed for the study. No additives were used in the control group (CK), and LP (1 × 106 cfu/g), CE (1 × 104 IU/g) and XE (2 × 105 IU/g) were added to the experimental groups on a fresh matter basis, with three replicates per group. To promote fermentation, 5% molasses was added to all of the groups. On days 15 and 60, fermentation quality, chemical composition and the bacterial community were analysed. The pH of groups CE and XE was lower than that of the CK group at 60 days. During ensiling, the lactic acid (LA) content in the experimental groups and the acetic acid (AA) content in the CK and LP groups increased. At 60 days, the dominant genera in the CK and LP groups was Weissella and the dominant genera in the CE and XE groups was Lentilactobacillus. At different times during silage, nucleotide metabolism was enhanced, whereas the metabolism of carbohydrate, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins was inhibited in the LP group. However, the metabolism of amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins in the CE and XE groups was increased, whereas the metabolism of nucleotides was inhibited. In conclusion, LP, CE and XE could exert a positive effect on the fermentation quality of C. korshinskii Kom. silage by shifting the bacterial community composition.
Long-Term Storage Stability of Neutral Electrolyzed Water by Two-Stage Electrolysis: Optimal Storage Conditions for Intraoral Use
Authors: Nagamatsu Yuki , Ikeda Hiroshi , Nagamatsu Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

Electrolyzed water mainly containing hypochlorous acid is widely used because of its strong microbicidal effects, biosafety, and eco-friendliness. For frequent use in intraoral treatments, we focused on neutral electrolyzed water (NW) produced using two-stage electrolysis and investigated its storage stability. For standard-concentration NW preparations with a free available chlorine concentration (ACC) of 25, 35, and 50 mg/L and high-concentration NW preparations (100, 200, 300, 500, and 1000 mg/L), the changes in the pH, oxidation reduction potential, and ACC during a 126-day storage period and the bactericidal efficacies after storage were examined. Storage under non-shaded conditions at room temperature (LRT) and a higher ACC substantially altered the properties of the NW. NW (≤300 mg/L) had a pH of 5.9–7.3 even after storage under LRT; however, NW with a higher ACC (500 and 1000 mg/L) had a pH ˂ 5.5, critical for human enamel, even under shaded and refrigerated conditions (SLW). Only NW (25 mg/L) stored under LRT decreased the bactericidal effect (removal rate: 99.8%). When stored for use in intraoral treatments, NW should be prepared with an ACC of 25–300 mg/L and stored in SLW. It is suggested that stored NW, especially when diluting it, should be checked to ensure it maintains the properties appropriate for every intended purpose.
The Single-Scattering Albedo of Black Carbon Aerosols in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Wu Yuanyuan
Published: October 2024

Black carbon (BC) aerosols have attracted wide attention over the world due to their significant climate effects on local and global scales. BC extinction aerosol optical thickness (AOT), scattering AOT, and single scattering albedo (SSA) over China are systematically studied based on the MERRA-2 satellite reanalysis data from 1983 to 2022 in terms of the spatial, yearly, seasonal, and monthly variations. The extinction and scattering AOTs of BC show similar spatial distribution, with high values in eastern and southern China, generally as opposed to BC SSA. A decrease in BC extinction and scattering AOTs has been documented over the last decade. The mean BC extinction AOT, scattering AOT, and SSA over China are 0.0054, 0.0014, and 0.26, respectively. The BC SSA showed small variations during 1983–2022, although a high BC extinction AOT and scattering AOT have been seen in the last two decades. During different decades, the seasonal patterns of BC extinction and scattering AOTs may differ, whereas the BC SSA shows seasonal consistency. Significant monthly variations in the BC SSA are seen over four decades, which are in agreement with their seasonal patterns. The mean BC extinction AOTs are 0.037, 0.033, 0.023, and 0.0054, whereas the average BC scattering AOTs are 0.0088, 0.0082, 0.0060, and 0.0014 in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, and Tarim Basin (TB), respectively. It is interesting to see that BC SSA values in the TB region are generally higher than those over the PRD, YRD and BTH areas, whereas the reverse is true for BC extinction and scattering AOTs. This study provides references for further research on black carbon aerosols and air pollution in China.
Modified F(R,T2)-Gravity Coupled with Perfect Fluid Admitting Hyperbolic Ricci Soliton Type Symmetry
Authors: Siddiqi Mohd Danish , Mofarreh Fatemah
Published: October 2024

In the present research note, we discuss the energy–momentum squared gravity model F(R,T2) coupled with perfect fluid. We obtain the equation of state for the perfect fluid in the F(R,T2)-gravity model. Furthermore, we deal with the energy–momentum squared gravity model F(R,T2) coupled with perfect fluid, which admits the hyperbolic Ricci solitons with a conformal vector field. We provide a clue in this series to determine the density and pressure in the radiation and phantom barrier periods, respectively. Also, we investigate the rate of change in hyperbolic Ricci solitons within the same vector field. In addition, we determine the different energy conditions, black holes and singularity conditions for perfect fluid attached to F(R,T2)-gravity in terms of hyperbolic Ricci solitons. Lastly, we deduce the Schrödinger equation for the potential Un with hyperbolic Ricci solitons in the F(R,T2)-gravity model coupled with perfect fluid and a phantom barrier.
Blow Up of Solutions to Wave Equations with Combined Logarithmic and Power-Type Nonlinearities
Authors: Dimova Milena , Kolkovska Natalia , Kutev Nikolai
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the initial boundary value problem for wave equations with combined logarithmic and power-type nonlinearities. For arbitrary initial energy, we prove a necessary and sufficient condition for blow up at infinity of the global weak solutions. In addition, we derive a growth estimate for the blowing up global solutions.
Strong Stability for a Viscoelastic Transmission Problem Under a Nonlocal Boundary Control
Authors: Touati Brahim Noureddine , Beniani Abderrahmane , Chaoui Abderrazak , Hajjej Zayd , Papadopoulos Perikles , Zennir Khaled
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper is to consider a transmission problem of a viscoelastic wave with nonlocal boundary control. It should be noted that the present paper is based on the previous C. G. Gal and M. Warma works, together with H. Atoui and A. Benaissa. Namely, they focused on a transmission problem consisting of a semilinear parabolic equation in a general non-smooth setting with an emphasis on rough interfaces and nonlinear dynamic (possibly, nonlocal) boundary conditions along the interface, where a transmission problem in the presence of a boundary control condition of a nonlocal type was investigated in these papers. Owing to the semigroup theory, we prove the question of well-posedness. For the very rare cases, we combined between the frequency domain approach and the Borichev–Tomilov theorem to establish strong stability results.
The Orthogonal Riesz Fractional Derivative
Authors: Bouzeffour Fethi
Published: October 2024

The aim of this paper is to extend the concept of the orthogonal derivative to provide a new integral representation of the fractional Riesz derivative. Specifically, we investigate the orthogonal derivative associated with Gegenbauer polynomials Cn(ν)(x), where ν>−12. Building on the work of Diekema and Koornwinder, the n-th derivative is obtained as the limit of an integral involving Gegenbauer polynomials as the kernel. When this limit is omitted, it results in the approximate Gegenbauer orthogonal derivative, which serves as an effective approximation of the n-th order derivative. Using this operator, we introduce a novel extension of the fractional Riesz derivative, denoted as Dαx, providing an alternative framework for fractional calculus.
Multi-Omics Profiling Unveils the Complexity and Dynamics of Immune Infiltrates in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xuan , Wang Yan , Guan Renchu , Sheng Nan , Zhang Shuangquan
Published: October 2024

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy. The reasons behind the global rise in the incidence of ICC remain unclear, and there exists limited knowledge regarding the immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, a more comprehensive analysis of multi-omics data was performed using machine learning methods. The study found that the immunoactivity of B cells, macrophages, and T cells in the infiltrating immune cells of ICC exhibits a significantly higher level of immunoactivity in comparison to other immune cells. During the immune sensing and response, the effect of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as B cells and macrophages on activating NK cells was weakened, while the effect of activating T cells became stronger. Simultaneously, four distinct subpopulations, namely BLp, MacrophagesLp, BHn, and THn, have been identified from the infiltrating immune cells, and their corresponding immune-related marker genes have been identified. The immune sensing and response model of ICC has been revised and constructed based on our current comprehension. This study not only helps to deepen the understanding the heterogeneity of infiltrating immune cells in ICC, but also may provide valuable insights into the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of ICC.
Effects of New Btk-Based Formulations BLB1 and Lip on Aquatic Non-Target Organisms
Authors: Dhaouadi Sayda , Jeni Rim El , Kraiem Hazar , Ayyildiz Gul , Filik-Iscen Cansu , Yurtkuran-Ceterez Zeynep , Bouhaouala-Zahar Balkiss
Published: October 2024

Integrated pest management based on the use of biopesticides is largely applied. Experimental bioassays are critical to assess biopesticide biosafety at the ecotoxicological level. In this study, we investigated the effects of the new Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk)-formulated-based biopesticides BLB1 and Lip, efficiently tested in field assays (IPM-4-CITRUS EC project no. 734921) on two aquatic non-target organisms, precisely the water flea Daphnia magna and the bioluminescent bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri. Acute toxicity studies, carried out in a comparative manner with Delfin® as the reference bioproduct and the lactose-based Blank formulation, show that no significant toxicity was observed up to 1 g/L. Our results indicated that BLB1- and Lip-formulated new bioproducts are far less toxic than the Delfin® reference bioproduct.
Enhancing Cellular Homeostasis: Targeted Botanical Compounds Boost Cellular Health Functions in Normal and Premature Aging Fibroblasts
Authors: Hartinger Ramona , Singh Khushboo , Leverett Jesse , Djabali Karima
Published: October 2024

The human skin, the body’s largest organ, undergoes continuous renewal but is significantly impacted by aging, which impairs its function and leads to visible changes. This study aimed to identify botanical compounds that mimic the anti-aging effects of baricitinib, a known JAK1/2 inhibitor. Through in silico screening of a botanical compound library, 14 potential candidates were identified, and 7 were further analyzed for their effects on cellular aging. The compounds were tested on both normal aged fibroblasts and premature aging fibroblasts derived from patients with Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). Results showed that these botanical compounds effectively inhibited the JAK/STAT pathway, reduced the levels of phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT3, and ameliorated phenotypic changes associated with cellular aging. Treatments improved cell proliferation, reduced senescence markers, and enhanced autophagy without inducing cytotoxicity. Compounds, such as Resveratrol, Bisdemethoxycurcumin, Pinosylvin, Methyl P-Hydroxycinnamate, cis-Pterostilbene, and (+)-Gallocatechin, demonstrated significant improvements in both control and HGPS fibroblasts. These findings suggest that these botanical compounds have the potential to mitigate age-related cellular alterations, offering promising strategies for anti-aging therapies, particularly for skin health. Further in vivo studies are warranted to validate these results and explore their therapeutic applications.
Caution for Multidrug Therapy: Significant Baroreflex Afferent Neuroexcitation Coordinated by Multi-Channels/Pumps Under the Threshold Concentration of Yoda1 and Dobutamine Combination
Authors: Xu Yin-zhi , Xu Zhao-yuan , Fu Hui-xiao , Yue Mao , Li Jia-qun , Cui Chang-peng , Wu Di , Li Bai-yan
Published: October 2024

Multi-drug therapies are common in cardiovascular disease intervention; however, io channel/pump coordination has not been tested electrophysiologically. Apparently, inward currents were not elicited by Yoda1/10 nM or Dobutamine/100 nM alone in Ah-type baroreceptor neurons, but were by their combination. To verify this, electroneurography and the whole-cell patch-clamp technique were performed. The results showed that Ah- and C-volley were dramatically increased by the combination at 0.5 V and 5 V, in contrast to A-volley, as consistent with repetitive discharge elicited by step and ramp with markedly reduced current injection/stimulus intensity. Notably, a frequency-dependent action potential (AP) duration was increased with Iberiotoxin-sensitive K+ component. Furthermore, an increased peak in AP measured in phase plots suggested enhanced Na+ influx, cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation through reverse mode of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, and, consequently, functional KCa1.1 up-regulation. Strikingly, the Yoda1- or Dbtm-mediated small/transient Na+/K+-pump currents were robustly increased by their combination, implying a quick ion equilibration that may also be synchronized by hyperpolarization-induced voltage-sag, enabling faster repetitive firing. These novel findings demonstrate multi-channel/pump collaboration together to integrate neurotransmission at the cellular level for baroreflex, providing an afferent explanation in sexual dimorphic blood pressure regulation, and raising the caution regarding the individual drug concentration in multi-drug therapies to optimize efficacy and minimize toxicity.
Improved Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Zhao Guojun , Tao Bo , Jiang Du , Yun Juntong , Fan Hanwen
Published: October 2024

The inverse kinematics of robotic manipulators involves determining an appropriate joint configuration to achieve a specified end-effector position. This problem is challenging because the inverse kinematics of manipulators are highly nonlinear and complexly coupled. To address this challenge, the bald eagle search optimization algorithm is introduced. This algorithm combines the advantages of evolutionary and swarm techniques, making it more effective at solving nonlinear problems and improving search efficiency. Due to the tendency of the algorithm to fall into local optima, the Lévy flight strategy is introduced to enhance its performance. This strategy adopts a heavy-tailed distribution to generate long-distance jumps, thereby preventing the algorithm from becoming trapped in local optima and enhancing its global search efficiency. The experiments first evaluated the accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm based on the inverse kinematics problem of manipulators, achieving a solution accuracy of up to 10−18 m. Subsequently, the proposed algorithm was compared with other algorithms using the CEC2017 test functions. The results showed that the improved algorithm significantly outperformed the original in accuracy, convergence speed, and stability. Specifically, it achieved over 70% improvement in both standard deviation and mean for several test functions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Lévy flight strategy in enhancing global search capabilities. Furthermore, the practicality of the proposed algorithm was verified through two real engineering optimization problems.
Metabolic Pathophysiology of Cortical Spreading Depression: A Review
Authors: Hill Arren , Amendolara Alfred B. , Small Christina , Guzman Steve Cochancela , Pfister Devin , McFarland Kaitlyn , Settelmayer Marina , Baker Scott , Donnelly Sean , Payne Andrew , Sant David , Kriak John , Bills Kyle B.
Published: October 2024

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is an electrophysiologic pathological state in which a wave of depolarization in the cerebral cortex is followed by the suppression of spontaneous neuronal activity. This transient spread of neuronal depolarization on the surface of the cortex is the hallmark of CSD. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that transmembrane ion transport, astrocytic ion clearing and fatigue, glucose metabolism, the presence of certain genetic markers, point mutations, and the expression of the enzyme responsible for the production of various arachidonic acid derivatives that participate in the inflammatory response, namely, cyclooxygenase (COX), all influence CSD. Here, we explore the associations between CSD occurrence in the cortex and various factors, including how CSD is related to migraines, how the glucose state affects CSD, the effect of TBI and its relationship with CSD and glucose metabolism, how different markers can be measured to determine the severity of CSD, and possible connections to oligemia, orexin, and leptin.
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Wireless Technologies in WPANs for IoT-Enabled Smart Buildings in Tourism
Authors: Bašić Ana , Viduka Dejan , Kraguljac Vladimir , Lavrnić Igor , Jevremović Milica , Balaban Petra , Sajfert Dragana , Gligorijević Milan , Barzut Srđan
Published: October 2024

The increasing demand for energy-efficient and interconnected smart buildings, particularly in the tourism sector, has driven the adoption of advanced wireless technologies. IoT technologies are crucial in this evolution, improving modern buildings’ functionality and operational efficiency. This study investigates the utilization of various wireless technologies within Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), including Bluetooth BLE 4.2, Bluetooth BLE 5.0, ZigBee, and Z-Wave, in smart buildings. A multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, specifically the PIPRECIA-S model, was applied to evaluate these technologies based on criteria such as device connectivity, mobility, low energy consumption, scalability, flexibility, and interoperability. Simulations using the PIPRECIA-S model were conducted to assess technology performance across various real-world scenarios. The results indicate that ZigBee (0.2942) and Bluetooth BLE 5.0 (0.2602) provide superior performance in terms of energy efficiency and scalability, followed by Z-Wave (0.2550) and Bluetooth BLE 4.2 (0.1906). These findings provide decision-makers with data-driven recommendations for selecting the most suitable wireless technologies for smart buildings.
Fatigue Life Prediction for Stud Shear Connectors Based on a Machine Learning Model
Authors: Kang Dong-Hyun , Roh Gi-Tae , Shim Chang-Su , Lee Kyoung-Chan
Published: October 2024

The shear connector of a steel composite bridge is designed by predicting fatigue life using the fatigue strength curves (S-N curve) based on push-out test results. The fatigue strength curves of the current design codes present only a linear relationship between the stress range and fatigue life on a log scale based on push-out experiment results. However, an alternative to the current empirical formula is necessary for the fatigue design of shear connections involving many detailed variations or high strength steel materials. This study collected and reanalyzed data from push-out fatigue tests to determine the factors influencing fatigue life and propose a machine learning-based fatigue life prediction model. The proposed machine learning model demonstrated an improvement in predictive performance of approximately 2 to 8 times compared to the existing design codes when evaluated against experimental data. Feature importance analysis based on the proposed model revealed that the stress range most significantly influenced fatigue life prediction. Model validation results indicated that the proposed model provided reliable predictions with accuracy and generalization performance. Moreover, it effectively accounted for uncertainty by incorporating features previously overlooked in existing design codes. Plans for fine-tuning pretrained models were also discussed.
Study on the Acidic Modification of Mesoporous HZSM-5 Zeolite and Its Catalytic Cracking Performance
Authors: Tong Yanbing , Ke Ming
Published: October 2024

Mesoporous HZSM-5 zeolites with nanocrystal stacking morphology were directly synthesized via hydrothermal methods without mesoporous templates. The synthesized mesoporous HZSM-5 was subjected to hydrothermal–citric acid washing treatment. The structural and acidic properties of the samples before and after modification were characterized using various techniques. The catalytic performance for butene conversion to propylene was investigated under atmospheric pressure, 500 °C, and a butene weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 10 h−1 in a continuous-flow micro-fixed bed reactor. The results show that propylene selectivity increased significantly from 24.7% before modification to 44%, and propylene yield increased from 22% to 38%. After 2 h of hydrothermal–citric acid washing modification, the catalyst maintained a butene conversion rate of 76% and a selectivity of 47% at 525 °C and a WHSV of 10 h−1 after 130 h of continuous reaction, with a propylene yield of 37%. The results indicate that moderate hydrothermal–citric acid washing modification leads to the removal of aluminum from the zeolite framework, reducing the amount and strength of acid but increasing the mesopore quantity. This helps control the reaction pathways and diffusion of intermediate products, suppresses some side reactions, and improves the selectivity and yield of the desired product, propylene, while significantly enhancing catalytic stability.
Electrochemical DNA Sensor Based on Poly(proflavine) Deposited from Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for DNA Damage Detection and Antioxidant Influence Assessment
Authors: Porfireva Anna , Goida Anastasia , Evtugyn Vladimir , Mozgovaya Milena , Krasnova Tatiana , Evtugyn Gennady
Published: October 2024

Electrochemical DNA sensors for DNA damage detection based on electroactive polymer poly(proflavine) (PPFL) that was synthesized at screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) from phosphate buffer (PB) and two natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) consisting of citric or malonic acids, D-glucose, and a certain amount of water (NADES1 and NADES2) were developed. Poly(proflavine) coatings obtained from the presented media (PPFLPB, PPFLNADES1, and PPFLNADES2) were electrochemically polymerized via the multiple cycling of the potential or potentiostatic accumulation and used for the discrimination of thermal and oxidative DNA damage. The electrochemical characteristics of the poly(proflavine) coatings and their morphology were assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The working conditions for calf thymus DNA implementation and DNA damage detection were estimated for all types of poly(proflavine) coatings. The voltammetric approach made it possible to distinguish native and chemically oxidized DNA while the impedimetric approach allowed for the successful recognition of native, thermally denatured, and chemically oxidized DNA through changes in the charge transfer resistance. The influence of different concentrations of conventional antioxidants and pharmaceutical preparations on oxidative DNA damage was characterized.
Prediction of Whole Liver Graft Weight Based on Biometric Variables in Paediatric and Adult Liver Donors
Authors: Kuksin Maria , Bidault Jourdainne Valeska , Rossignol Guillaume , Aegerter Philippe , Hery Géraldine , Teglas Jean-Paul , Fouquet Virginie , Branchereau Sophie , Guérin Florent
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: In paediatric liver transplantation, donor–recipient compatibility depends on graft size. We explored whether the graft weight can be predicted using the donor’s biometric parameters. Methods: We used seven easily available biometric variables in 142 anonymised paediatric and adult donors, with data collected between 2016 and 2022. The whole or partial liver was transplanted in our hospital from these donors. We identified the variables that had the strongest correlation to our response variable: whole liver graft weight. Results: In child donors, we determined two linear models: using donor weight and height on the one hand and using donor weight and right liver span on the other hand. Both models had a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.86 and p-value < 10−5. We also determined two models in adult donors using donor weight and height (R2 = 0.33, p < 10−4) and donor weight and sternal height (R2 = 0.38, p < 10−4). The models proved valid based on our external dataset of 245 patients from two institutions. Conclusions: In clinical practise, our models could provide rapidly accessible estimates to determine whole graft dimension compatibility in liver transplantation in children and adults. Determining similar models predicting the left lobe and lateral segment weight could prove invaluable in paediatric transplantation.
Insights into Crystallization of Neuronal Nicotinic α4β2 Receptor in Polarized Lipid Matrices
Authors: Villalobos-Santos Juan C. , Carrasquillo-Rivera Mallerie , Rodríguez-Cordero Josué A. , Quesada Orestes , Lasalde-Dominicci José Antonio
Published: October 2024

Obtaining high-resolution 3D structures of membrane proteins through X-ray crystallography remains a longstanding bottleneck in the field of structural biology. This challenge has led to the optimization of purification methods to acquire high-yielding, pure proteins suitable for crystallization. In this study, we performed crystallization screenings of purified human α4β2 nAChR using a polarized in meso method. After reconstituting the detergent-solubilized α4β2 nAChR into the LCP matrix, the samples were incubated in a polarized lipid matrix using the RMP@LMx device developed in our laboratory. The results showed that under these conditions, the α4β2-nAChR-LFC 16 complex gave a mobile fraction >0.8, suggesting that its diffusion in the polarized lipid matrix is favorable for crystal nucleation. Voltages above 70 mV restricted crystal formation due to sample dehydration. Furthermore, a lipid analysis using UPLC-ESI MS/MS revealed a profile necessary for preserving protein integrity and promoting diffusion across the LCP. We harvested a single crystal and subjected it to X-ray diffraction, resulting in reflections comparable to previous studies of the muscle-type nAChR from Torpedo californica. X-ray diffraction of a single crystal gave distinct low-resolution diffractions of protein nature. These findings lay the groundwork for further optimization of membrane protein crystallization in polarized in meso phases.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of ZnO Nanoflowers: Exploring the Relationship between Morphology, Defects, and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Abdel-Fattah Essam M. , Alshehri Salman M. , Alotibi Satam , Alyami Mohammed , Abdelhameed Doaa
Published: October 2024

Two forms of flower-like ZnO nanostructures were synthesized using hydrothermal methods at various growth times/temperatures and zinc precursors. The morphology, structure, chemical composition, and optical properties of these ZnO nanoflowers were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The SEM images revealed two forms of flower-like nanostructures, namely lotus- and tulip-like flower ZnO nanostructures. The XPS analysis revealed the oxidation state of the Zn and O elements, as well as the presence of OH groups on the surface of the lotus-like flower ZnO nanostructure. The XRD results revealed less crystallinity of the lotus-like ZnO nanoflowers (NFs) compared with the tulip-like ZnO NFs. The XRD results revealed the presence of Zn (OH)2 in the ZnO NFs. The Raman results confirmed less crystallinity of the lotus-like ZnO NFs. The estimated optical bandgap was 2.92 and 3.0 eV for the tulip- and lotus-like ZnO NFs, respectively. The tulip-like ZnO NFs showed superior photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye, verified via UV–Vis radiation, compared with the lotus-like ZnO NFs, which show the impact of the structure defects and OH- impurities on the photocatalytic performance of ZnO nanoflowers.
The Effects of Montmorillonite–Humic Acid Composite Particles on the Photolysis of Tetracycline in Water
Authors: Zhou Wenfang , Wang Zirui , Wu Qingfeng , Nie Qinping , Wang Yi
Published: October 2024

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is an important component of natural water bodies and can significantly influence the photolytic behavior of water pollutants. A comprehensive understanding of the photochemical behavior of water pollutants in natural waters requires consideration of the presence of SPM. In this study, montmorillonite–humic acid (MMT-HA) composite particles were synthesized to simulate SPM in natural waters and their effects on the photolysis of tetracycline (TC) were investigated. The results demonstrated that the presence of MMT-HA composite particles in water significantly enhanced the photolysis of TC, with the photolytic kinetics following a pseudo-first-order model. Electron spin resonance spectra and free radical quenching experiments indicated that the photoactive components (MMT and humic acids) in the composite particles induced the generation of reactive oxygen species under light exposure, further contributing to the enhanced photolysis of TC. Comparative analysis of the free radical signals and adsorption experiments revealed that the accelerated photolysis of TC was also related to the interfacial interaction between the MMT in the composite particles and the TC molecules. The formation of surface complexes between TC molecules and the negatively charged sites on the MMT surface facilitated light absorption and electron transfer, thereby accelerating the photolysis of TC. Photoproduct analysis indicated that the primary degradation pathways of TC in the composite particle systems included the addition of hydroxyl radicals to the aromatic ring, as well as demethylation, deamination and dehydration in the side chains. This study shows that SPM in water bodies can affect the photochemical behavior of pollutants and should be taken into account when assessing the phototransformation of pollutants in natural waters.
Mission-Based Design and Retrofit for Energy/Propulsion Systems of Solar-Powered UAVs: Integrating Propeller Slipstream Effects
Authors: Yang Xiaopeng , Ma Dongli , Zhang Liang , Li Feng , Guan Hao , Yu Yayun
Published: October 2024

Over twenty Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (SPUAV) designs exist worldwide, yet few have successfully achieved uninterrupted high-altitude flight. This shortfall is attributed to several factors that cause the actual performance of SPUAV to fall short of expectations. Existing studies identify the propeller slipstream as one of these adverse factors, which leads to a decrease in the lift–drag ratio and an increase in energy consumption. However, traditional design methods for SPUAVs tend to ignore the potential adverse effects of slipstream at the top-level design phase. We find that this oversight results in a reduction in the feasible mission region of SPUAVs from 109 days to only 46 days. To address this issue, this paper presents a high-fidelity multidisciplinary design framework for the energy/propulsion systems of SPUAVs that integrates the effects of a propeller slipstream. Specifically, deep neural networks are employed to predict the lift–drag characteristics of SPUAVs under various slipstream conditions, and the energy performance is further analyzed by evaluating the time-varying state parameters throughout a day. Subsequently, the optimal solutions for the energy/propulsion systems specific to certain latitudes and dates are obtained through optimization design. The effectiveness of the proposed design framework was demonstrated on a 30-m wingspan SPUAV. The results indicated that, compared to the traditional design method, the proposed approach led to designs that more effectively accomplished closed-loop flight in designated regions and prevented the reduction of the feasible mission region. Additionally, through the targeted retrofit of the energy/propulsion systems, SPUAVs exhibited enhanced adaptability to the solar radiation characteristics of different mission points, resulting in a further expansion of the feasible mission region. Furthermore, this research also explored the variation trends in optimal solutions across different latitudes and dates and investigated the reasons and physical mechanisms behind these variations.
Enhancing Real-Time Visual SLAM with Distant Landmarks in Large-Scale Environments
Authors: Dou Hexuan , Zhao Xinyang , Liu Bo , Jia Yinghao , Wang Guoqing , Wang Changhong
Published: October 2024

The efficacy of visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) diminishes in large-scale environments due to challenges in identifying distant landmarks, leading to a limited perception range and trajectory drift. This paper presents a practical method to enhance the accuracy of feature-based real-time visual SLAM for compact unmanned vehicles by constructing distant map points. By tracking consecutive image features across multiple frames, remote map points are generated with sufficient parallax angles, extending the mapping scope to the theoretical maximum range. Observations of these landmarks from preceding keyframes are supplemented accordingly, improving back-end optimization and, consequently, localization accuracy. The effectiveness of this approach is ensured by the introduction of the virtual map point, a proposed data structure that links relational features to an imaginary map point, thereby maintaining the constrained size of local optimization during triangulation. Based on the ORB-SLAM3 code, a SLAM system incorporating the proposed method is implemented and tested. Experimental results on drone and vehicle datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms ORB-SLAM3 in both accuracy and perception range with negligible additional processing time, thus preserving real-time performance. Field tests using a UGV further validate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Meshed Context-Aware Beam Search for Image Captioning
Authors: Zhao Fengzhi , Yu Zhezhou , Wang Tao , Zhao He
Published: October 2024

Beam search is a commonly used algorithm in image captioning to improve the accuracy and robustness of generated captions by finding the optimal word sequence. However, it mainly focuses on the highest-scoring sequence at each step, often overlooking the broader image context, which can lead to suboptimal results. Additionally, beam search tends to select similar words across sequences, causing repetitive and less diverse output. These limitations suggest that, while effective, beam search can be further improved to better capture the richness and variety needed for high-quality captions. To address these issues, this paper presents meshed context-aware beam search (MCBS). In MCBS for image captioning, the generated caption context is dynamically used to influence the image attention mechanism at each decoding step, ensuring that the model focuses on different regions of the image to produce more coherent and contextually appropriate captions. Furthermore, a penalty coefficient is introduced to discourage the generation of repeated words. Through extensive testing and ablation studies across various models, our results show that MCBS significantly enhances overall model performance.
Systematic Review of Instruments to Assess Computational Thinking in Early Years of Schooling
Authors: Ocampo Lina Marcela , Corrales-Álvarez Milena , Cardona-Torres Sergio Augusto , Zapata-Cáceres María
Published: October 2024

Computational thinking (CT) is considered a key competence in today’s digital era. It is an emerging construct that relates to critical thinking and creativity. Research on its assessment is in the process of consolidation. This systematic review aims to analyze studies that have used CT assessment instruments for children and adolescents aged 4 to 16 years in order to identify which variables, they assess and their psychometric properties. The search and analysis were carried out following the PRISMA statement protocol, analyzing 50 articles published between 2006 and March 2023. An increase in the publication of CT measurement instruments is observed, with 54% of them supported by evidence of validity and 88% by reliability, highlighting construct validity, followed by content and criteria validity. China leads in the number of publications, while Asia and Europe concentrate most of the research. There is a noticeable contribution from South America, evidencing the lack of participation from Central and South American countries in this field of study.
Are Short-Term Study Abroad Experiences Effective in Developing Global Citizenship in University Students Studying Health Degrees?
Authors: Sofija Ernesta , Moselen Tenille , Reyes Bernard Natalie , Larmar Stephen , Rands Hazel , Harris Neil
Published: October 2024

Short-term study abroad (STSA) experiences are an increasingly popular strategy used by universities to develop global citizenship in students. Global citizenship is particularly important for emerging health professionals with many health challenges of the 21st century being of global importance. Yet, evidence on the effectiveness of STSA is inconclusive, predominantly due to methodological issues limiting research to date. This quasi-experimental study draws on a recognized global citizenship framework encompassing dimensions of social responsibility, global competence, and global civic engagement to examine the changes in global citizenship pre- and post-STSA experience in health students. The sample consisted of health students (n = 75) who participated in an STSA experience (study tour or practicum) from 16 to 22 days in a less industrialized country and a control group (n = 66) who did not partake in any intervention. The data analysis found that students in the intervention group had significant improvements in their overall global citizenship score and its dimensions separately, except for social responsibility, while no significant changes were seen in the control group. The findings provide evidence to support STSA experiences as an accessible option for universities to promote global citizenship development among health students.
Improving Recognition of Road Users via Doppler Radar Data and Deep Learning Convolutional Networks
Authors: Ślesicki Błażej , Ślesicka Anna , Kawalec Adam , Walenczykowska Marta
Published: October 2024

This research presents findings from laboratory experiments on a novel method for identifying and differentiating objects using radar signatures and a specialized convolutional neural network architecture. Previously introduced by the authors, this method has been validated through real-world measurements in an urban environment with a 24 GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar. This study describes how radar signatures, generated in the MATLAB (R2023b) environment from I and Q signals captured by the uRAD USB v1.2 radar, were processed. A database of radar signatures for pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicles was created, and a tailored convolutional neural network was trained. The developed solution achieves an accuracy of over 95% in distinguishing between various objects. The simulation results and successful tests support the application of this system across various sectors. The key innovations include distinguishing multiple objects from a single radar signature, a custom architecture for the convolutional neural network, and an application that processes radar data to produce near-real-time recognition results.