bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frecuencia de tratamientos con prótesis convencional y sobre implantes en pacientes atendidos en el centro dental de una universidad privada en Lima, Perú, por un período de cuatro años
Authors: Solano Angeldonis Kimberly Janet , Orejuela-Ramírez Francisco José , Castillo Andamayo Diana Esmeralda
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de los tipos de tratamientos de prótesis convencional y prótesis sobre implantes de pacientes que acudieron al Centro Dental Docente de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (CDD-UPCH), Lima-Perú, entre los años 2016 y 2019. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal. Se empleó la base de datos del sistema del CDD, de donde se obtuvieron 56 347 historias clínicas digitalizadas, de las cuales se calculó un tamaño de muestra de 382. Las variables fueron las siguientes: tipo de tratamiento protésico (convencional o sobre implantes), sexo, edad, grado de instrucción y lugar de residencia. Se realizó un análisis bivariado empleando el programa STATA 16.0. Resultados: El 60,21 % (n = 230) de los tratamientos protésicos fueron convencionales, siendo la prótesis parcial removible la de mayor frecuencia con 53,47 % (n = 123) y la sobredentadura la de menor frecuencia con 5,21 % (n = 12). El 39,79 % (n = 152) de los tratamientos protésicos fueron sobre implantes, siendo la prótesis sobre implante unitaria la de mayor frecuencia con 40,13 % (n = 61) y la prótesis sobre implantes múltiple la de menor frecuencia con 10,53 % (n = 16). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de las prótesis convencionales fue mayor a la de las prótesis sobre implantes. La prótesis parcial removible y la prótesis sobre implante unitaria fueron los tratamientos más solicitados en sus respectivos grupos.
Eficacia de la fibrina rica en plaquetas en su forma membranosa para la cobertura radicular
Authors: Sarduy Bermúdez Lázaro , Véliz Concepción Olga Lidia , Veitia Cabarrocas Felisa , Arce González Manuel Antonio , Barreto Fiu Eligio Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la fibrina rica en plaquetas en su forma membranosa asociada al colgajo avanzado coronalmente en pacientes atendidos por consulta en periodoncia de la Facultad de Estomatología de Villa Clara. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal en la Facultad de Estomatología de Villa Clara, Santa Clara, Cuba, de enero de 2016 a marzo de 2017. Se trabajó con una muestra de 17 personas seleccionadas de forma no probabilística intencional. A estas se les realizó el procedimiento tradicional de colgajo avanzado coronalmente en los dientes con recesión periodontal. Debajo de dicho colgajo, se colocó una membrana de fibrina rica en plaquetas, confeccionada a partir de sangre autóloga y elaborada en el Servicio de Medicina Regenerativa de la misma institución. Se analizaron las variables edad, sexo, largo de la recesión, clasificación de Miller, cobertura radicular, ancho y ganancia de encía insertada, categorías de evaluación y eficacia de la terapéutica. Resultados: El porcentaje de cobertura radicular fue superior en la clase I y se incrementó a lo largo del tiempo en todas las clases de Miller. El ancho y la ganancia de la encía insertada aumentaron del mes hasta el año. El porcentaje de eficacia fue de 93,18 %. Conclusiones: La terapéutica de la recesión periodontal, con la forma membranosa de fibrina rica en plaquetas asociada al colgajo avanzado coronalmente, se consideró eficaz en los pacientes atendidos en la consulta de periodoncia de la Facultad de Estomatología de Villa Clara.
Evaluación de un proyecto de intervención en salud oral en un centro educativo en la selva central del Perú
Authors: Muñoz Osbén Álvaro Rodrigo , Uribe Seguel Luis Felipe
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Evaluar el resultado de un proyecto de intervención en salud oral en Oxapampa, Perú, durante el período abril-julio de 2023. Materiales y métodos: La presente investigación fue de diseño longitudinal y se contó con 135 estudiantes pertenecientes a educación primaria del I. E. Bardo Bayerle. Las variables estudiadas fueron experiencia de caries dental (índice CPOD y ceo-d) e higiene oral (índice de higiene oral simplificado, IHO-S). El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo y bivariado. Resultados: En el diagnóstico, el IHO-S fue de 1,42 (DE = 0,68) y al final fue de 0,45 (DE = 0,29), siendo esta reducción estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Conclusión: Se lograron resultados positivos en el proyecto de intervención en salud oral «Sonriamos Juntos», en la ciudad de Oxapampa, Perú, en el período abril-julio de 2023.
Hubungan antara Peran Teman Sebaya dan Paparan Media Sosial dengan Tingkat Konsumsi Minuman Berpemanis pada Remaja
Authors: Fawziya Vyanadia Rizka , Adi Mateus Sakundarno , Wurjanto Moh. Arie , Yuliawati Sri
Published: October 2024

Latar Belakang: Konsumsi minuman berpemanis adalah salah satu faktor yang berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko obesitas dan diabetes melitus. Minuman berpemanis digemari berbagai kalangan, khususnya remaja. Studi pendahuluan yang dilaksanakan pada siswa SMAN 1 Kota Serang menunjukkan sekitar 60% siswa memiliki tingkat konsumsi minuman berpemanis yang tinggi. Peran teman sebaya dan paparan media sosial dinilai memiliki keterkaitan dengan tingkat konsumsi minuman berpemanis pada remaja.
Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara peran teman sebaya dan paparan media sosial dengan tingkat konsumsi minuman berpemanis pada remaja di SMAN 1 Serang.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain studi potong lintang. Populasi studi berjumlah 1.085 siswa yang terdiri atas siswa kelas X dan XI. Besar sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 300 orang yang diambil menggunakan stratified random sampling. Variabel bebas diukur dengan kuesioner yang berisi 13 pertanyaan tertutup, sedangkan variabel terikat diukur dengan Food Frequency Questionnaire. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square.
Hasil: Sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat konsumsi minuman berpemanis yang tinggi (54,3%), peran teman sebaya buruk (55,7%), dan terpapar media sosial (74,0%). Selain itu, penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara peran teman sebaya (p=0,0001) dan paparan media sosial (p=0,037) dengan tingkat konsumsi minuman berpemanis.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara peran teman sebaya dan paparan media sosial dengan tingkat konsumsi minuman berpemanis pada remaja. Oleh karena itu, pembentukan kelompok teman sebaya dan pemanfaatan media sosial diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran siswa untuk mengurangi konsumsi minuman manis.
Pemberian ASI terhadap Komposisi Tubuh pada Bayi Prematur: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dzulkifli Achmad , Nadhiroh Siti Rahayu , Syahdana Achidah Nur
Published: October 2024

Latar Belakang: Bayi prematur lebih rentan terhadap sindrom metabolik dan gangguan kognitif daripada bayi yang cukup bulan. Pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) telah direkomendasikan sebagai makanan alami untuk bayi prematur dan sebagai strategi ekonomi untuk mengurangi penyakit dan beban ekonomi. Mempertimbangkan pertumbuhan bayi prematur dan komposisi tubuh saat keluar dari rumah sakit merupakan hal yang sangat sensitif dan penting untuk dilakukan perawatan selanjutnya
Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan komposisi tubuh bayi prematur dengan pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) dan susu formula.
Metode: Strategi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei yang teratur termasuk lima belas buku harian eksplorasi yang berlangsung dari tahun 2013-2023. Kata kunci yang digunakan yakni “breastfeeding” OR “body composition” OR “preterm infants”. Seleksi judul dan abstrak digunakan untuk memilih artikel, kemudian kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi digunakan untuk memilihnya lagi.  
Diskusi: Pemberian ASI pada bayi prematur berhubungan positif dengan deposisi massa bebas lemak tubuh sehingga berkontribusi terhadap komposisi tubuh, mencegah obesitas, menghambat kerugian pada perkembangan sel saraf, dan mendukung pertumbuhan yang optimal dibandingkan pemberian susu formula. Komposisi tubuh bayi prematur berubah selama pemberian ASI pada usia yang dikoreksi cukup bulan sehingga dapat membantu mengurangi faktor risiko sindrom metabolik.
Kesimpulan: Pemberian ASI pada bayi prematur lebih lambat dalam menaikkan berat badan dibandingkan susu formula dan lebih baik dalam pemulihan komposisi tubuh melalui deposisi massa bebas lemak tubuh sehingga dapat menyebabkan peningkatan hasil metabolisme dan perkembangan saraf. Promosi ASI dan dukungan pemberian ASI menjadi prioritas dalam perawatan bayi prematur.
INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO ENSURING THE QUALITY OF GAS TURBINE ENGINE PARTS PRODUCED BY SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING FOR UAV
Authors: VYSHNEPOLSKYI Yevhen , PAVLENKO Dmytro , TUMARCHENKO Larysa
Published: October 2024

The research objects are gas turbine engines parts, manufactured using an innovative method of additive manufacturing – selective laser sintering. The main problem solved in this work is the low quality of the surface layer and the residual porosity of the parts obtained by this method, which significantly limits their operational characteristics and durability. As a result of the experimental studies, rational operating parameters of diamond smoothing were established. This allowed to significantly improve the surface quality and increase the operational characteristics of parts made of heat-resistant alloys INCONEL 718 and an intermetallic alloy based on titanium aluminide OX45-3ODS. The effectiveness of diamond smoothing is explained by local plastic deformation and compaction of the surface layer of parts under the influence of high contact pressures and temperatures. This leads to a significant reduction in surface roughness, an increase in the surface hardness due to strain hardening and a significant reduction in the size and number of residual pores. A characteristic feature of the obtained results is the ability to control the quality parameters of the surface layer by varying the diamond smoothing operating parameters – smoothing force, feed, radius, and geometry of the smoother's working part. The established regularities of the smoothing operating parameters have an impact on the quality characteristics of the surface. This information can be utilized in the development of highly efficient technological processes for the production and restoration of gas turbine engines, critical components of unmanned aerial vehicles, obtained through selective laser sintering. Implementing the elaborated technological recommendations will permit broadening the range of goods produced by additive manufacturing and enhancing their capacity and dependability during operation under conditions of cyclical loads and extreme temperatures.
PREVENTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION IN THE COASTAL AREA OF ALBANIA
Authors: BEQAJ Blerina , GJIPALAJ Joana , ÇOBANI Entela , MARKOLA Adjola
Published: October 2024

Water space on the globe occupies a total area of about 360 million km2, which constitutes 70% of the Earth's surface, becoming the most important mode of transportation in the field of import and export trade. Our daily lives are closely linked to the sea, where water surfaces have become an important part of people's lives around the world. However, the current situation of the marine environment is not optimistic, marine pollution has become a significant topic in today's society. All marine pollution incidents such as oil spills or leaks, chemical incidents, plastic pollution, air pollution from ships, etc., have caused significant and difficult recovery of the marine environment. Today, a special attention is being given to the prevention and control of the appearance of these marine pollutions, as well as the management of polluted waters. The MARPOL Convention is the main international convention covering the prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes. The aim of this study is to give an overview of the existing marine pollution in the coastal part of Albania and develop solutions to existing problems. The Republic of Albania has acceded to this convention, has drafted national legislation as well as management plans for the prevention of marine pollution.
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF URBAN METRO TRANSIT SYSTEM POST-COVID-19
Authors: KHURSHEED Salman , YASMIN Shagufta
Published: October 2024

Public transportation usage in Delhi has declined, with the Delhi Metro having a significant share. However, due to fare hikes and COVID-19 restrictions, the DM's share has been decreasing further. To improve ridership, a study is being conducted to evaluate the DM's performance and identify areas for improvement in passenger convenience and comfort. The Magenta line is investigated through an on-board survey to collect primary data. The survey covers commuter perceptions of safety & security, financial & economic factors, infrastructure & comfort and functional & operational features. The Relative Importance Index approach is used to analyse the data and evaluate DM performance. An ANN model is also presented to determine the factors influencing the choice to travel on the DM, with the “metro fare per trip” factor being a key consideration. Based on the analysis results, recommendations are made to improve the DM's performance. The study found that safety and security had the highest RII, followed by efficiency and viability, functional and operational features, infrastructure and comfort, and financial and economic factors. The subway fare had the lowest RII. The ANN model is adapted to understand the reasons behind low metro ridership.
Fishery and stock dynamics of ribbonfish Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone
Authors: Shubhadeep Ghosh  , Prathiba Rohit  , A. Margaret Muthurathinam  , K. M. Rajesh  , Mohammed Koya  , C. Anulekshmi  , Ajay D. Nakhwa  , S. Surya  , H. M. Manas  , Subal K. Roul  , P. Abdul Azeez  , R. Vinoth Kumar
Published: October 2024

The fishery and stock dynamics of Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) were studied in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) for the period 2014-2019. The average annual landing was 2,09,285 t and varied from 1,77,259 to 2,39,355 t. Trawl nets were the majorgear, contributing more than 85% with an average annual catch rate of 4.56 kg h-1. The annual catch rate decreased over the years from 5.40 to 3.85 kg h-1. Landings (23,155-40,354 t) and catch rates (4.24-8.67 kg h-1) were highest during the post-monsoon months (September-December). Around 63% of the landings (1,32,072 t) were from the north-west coast, with Gujarat alone contributing three-fourth (98,296 t) of it, followed by the south-west coast (17%, 36,017 t), the south-east coast (12%, 25,322 t) and the north-east coast (8%, 15,875 t). The von Bertalanffy’s growth equation was Lt = 143.8 [1-e–0.48 (t + 0.03285)]. Natural mortality, Exploitation ratio and Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) were 0.76; 0.65 and 1,59,504 t respectively. Recruitment was substantial throughout the year with a single modal peak during June-October. With lower lengths at first capture and recruitment and with exploitation above the maximum permissible level and landings higher than MSY; the species appears to be overexploited along the Indian coasts. The present study is the first holistic report on the population parameters and stock status of T. lepturus from the Indian EEZ.
 
Keywords: Cutlass fishes, Management, Recruitment, Stock dynamics
Impact of mangrove defoliation by Hyblaea puera on diversity of associated crustaceans in the Dharamtar Estuary, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Chennuri Sathish  , B. Sivaiah  , K. Srinivas  , Vidya Shree Bharti  , A. K. Jaiswar  , Sudheer Joseph  , Geetanjali Deshmukhe
Published: October 2024

Mangrove defoliation, caused by teak defoliator moth (Hyblaea puera), has been reported in India and other countries. However, research on its impact on the associated fauna remains limited. We observed extensive mangrove defoliation from August to October 2019 in the Dharamtar Estuary, Maharashtra, India. Consequently, a study was conducted to assess the impact of this defoliation on the diversity of crustaceans within the mangroves and the surrounding estuarine waters. A total of 27 crustacean species were recorded in the mangrove region exhibiting reduced species richness and abundance during the mangrove defoliation period. Whereas, a total of 32 species of crustaceans were recorded from the estuarine region, where both species richness and abundance were higher during the defoliation period. These findings indicate that the crustaceans on the mangrove floor and in the estuarine waters responded differently to the changing environmental conditions caused by defoliation.
 
Keywords: Crustaceans, Diversity, Estuary, Mangrove defoliation, Moth infestation
Wells for Geothermal Power and Energy Storage, Too
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: October 2024

One of geothermal energy’s key advantages is that it’s always on.

But making money selling power increasingly requires being able to react to shifts in electric prices by adjusting production up and down.

The fact this is a concern now is an indication of the ambition of a new generation of companies that have shown it is possible to use horizontal drilling and fracturing to build subsurface

heat exchangers to harvest large amounts of geothermal energy.

The geologic potential is huge—there are a lot of places with hot rock at a drillable depth.

But monetizing that potential will require grabbing a sizeable share of the market in big states such as California and Texas where the price of electricity can sink toward zero when sunny conditions allow maximum solar power production, and then rebound as the sun sets.

This is a pressing concern for Houston-based Fervo Energy because it is one of the first firms in a small pack of innovators to reach the point where it is building a large scale power plant using this emerging technology.

Unlike wind and solar, it can deliver power on demand, similar to coal, gas, and nuclear-powered plants that supply baseload power to the electric market.

Fervo’s founders play up its ability to deliver power on demand, but they resist the label baseload power provider because, as Jack Norbeck, chief technology officer and cofounder of Fervo, said, “In the future, baseload power will be a thing of the past.”

Baseload power plants are not yet an endangered species. There are still large, mostly old fossil-fueled plants providing baseload power that are still around because they were paid for long ago. However, their numbers are declining as they wear out and are hit with demands for costly emission reductions.

The initial sales by Fervo’s Cape Station project in Utah will provide baseload power to southern California power suppliers, complying with a unique California rule that requires them to source low-carbon power supplies that are available 24/7.

But for new geothermal companies to sell enough power to become significant players in US power markets, they will need to provide what the electricity business describes as “more flexible, dispatchable power.”

Big baseload plants ruled the power universe back when regulators set rates high enough to maintain a sizable surplus of generating capacity—ensuring the lights stayed on.

Now, in markets such as Texas and California, power pricing rises and falls based on supply and demand, with selling at all times sometimes resulting in very low payments during peak production periods for solar and wind.

This is particularly true during seasons where days tend to be sunny and windy with moderate temperatures.

“If you are consuming electricity, particularly in the spring and fall, it is an extremely clean grid you are pulling from,” said Christian Gradl, vice president of operations for Fervo during a panel at this year’s Offshore Technology Conference.
How does innovation promote female economic inclusion in Africa: Assessing the moderating role of economic freedom
Authors: Ofori Pamela E. , Ofori Isaac K. , Castelnovo Paolo
Published: October 2024

The Sustainable Development Goal 5 emphasises the need to achieve gender parity in economic participation. Perusing the extant scholarship on female economic inclusion in Africa, we identify two pressing gaps. First, we find that previous studies have not explored how innovation affects female economic inclusion (FEI). Second, we note that prior studies have not examined the interactive effect of innovation and economic freedom on FEI. This study addresses these gaps by using macro data from 1995–2022 for a sample of 51 African countries. Findings from the two-step system GMM estimator reveal the following: (1) innovation reduces FEI, whereas economic freedom increases it, and (2) economic freedom moderates innovation to promote FEI. Further, we find that this positive total effect of innovation on FEI is remarkable at higher thresholds of economic freedom. We conclude that for innovation to promote FEI in Africa, investments in promoting economic freedom are critical.
JEL Code: O31; O55; E24; J16; J21
Genetic variation and assessment of seven salt tolerance genes in an Indica/Xian rice population
Authors: Cheng Yuanhang , Wang Tao , Wen Yeying , Zheng Xingfei , Liu Haifeng , Chen Xiangsong , Diao Ying , Hu Zhongli , Chu Zhaohui
Published: October 2024

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stressor that influences rice during the entire growth period. Breeding and planting salt-tolerant (ST) rice is an efficient strategy for sustainable agriculture. However, only a few elite natural variations conferring rice salt tolerance have been identified, and the distribution and genetic effects of those ST genes remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the distribution of seven genes with nine ST-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a sequenced Indica/Xian rice population comprising 550 accessions. On the basis of the genotyping of nine SNPs, all the rice accessions were categorized into 21 haplotypes, each of which contained at least four ST genes. Among the nine SNPs, only SKC1184H and OsHKT1;194K were relatively rarely distributed in this population. Comparative analysis of ST for grouped haplotypes with different target genotypes was performed, and we validated the effects of ST on SKC1, OsHKT2;3, OsHKT1;1, RST1 and OsWRKY53 in multiple rice accessions. Interestingly, we found that SKC1184H plays synergistic roles in ST with SKC1140A and that SKC1184H may originate from rice carrying SKC1140A. RST1530A was previously reported to be associated with salt sensitivity, but it should be corrected to be associated with ST and concurrently with RST1611G in this study. Moreover, we found that OsHKT1;194K may participate in ST after extended salt treatment, and the expression of OsWRKY53173G was positively correlated with that of SKC1 and conditionally participated in ST dependent on either SKC1140A or SKC1184H. Overall, our results provide further insight into the mechanism and marker-assisted selection improvement of ST in Indica/Xian rice.
Research on multi-scale vector road matching model based on ISOD descriptor
Authors: Lu Yuefeng , Sun Ying , Yan Yu , Lu Miao
Published: October 2024

In the data processing of geographic information, the matching of road data at different scales is crucial. Due to scale differences, road features can change, posing a challenge to multi-scale matching,.Spatial relationships are essential for multi-scale matching because they remain stable at different scales. In this paper, we propose an improved the summation product of orientation and distance (ISOD) descriptor, which combines features such as pinch chain code and curvature variance with similarity metrics, such as length, direction, and Hausdorff distance, to construct an integrated similarity metric model for multi-scale road matching. The experiments proved that the model achieved 94.75% and 93.34% check accuracy and completeness in road data matching at scales of 1:50,000 and 1:10,000. The model also achieved 86.39% and 94.06% check accuracy and completeness in road data matching at scales of 1:250,000 and 1:50,000, respectively. This proves the effectiveness and practicality of the method. The ISOD descriptor and the integrated similarity metric model in this paper provide an effective method for multi-scale road data matching, which aids the integration and fusion of geographic information data and is significantly valuable when applied in the fields of intelligent transport and urban planning.
Object-based Feedback Attention in Convolutional Neural Networks Improves Tumour Detection in Digital Pathology
Authors: de Kamps Marc , Broad Andrew , Wright Alexander , McGenity Clare , Treanor Darren
Published: October 2024

Human visual attention allows prior knowledge or expectations to influence visual processing, allocating limited computational resources to only that part of the image that are likely to behaviourally important. Here, we present an image recognition system based on biological vision that guides attention to more informative locations within a larger parent image, using a sequence of saccade-like motions. We demonstrate that at the end of the saccade sequence the system has an improved classification ability compared to the convolutional neural network (CNN) that represents the feedforward part of the model.

Feedback activations highlight salient image features supporting the explainability of the classification. Our attention model deviates substantially from more common feedforward attention mechanisms, which linearly reweight part of the input. This model uses several passes of feedforward and backward activation, which interact non-linearly. We apply our feedback architecture to histopathology patch images, demonstrating a 3.5% improvement in accuracy (p<0.001) when retrospectively processing 59,057 9-class patches from 689 colorectal cancer WSIs.

In the saccade implementation, overall agreement between expert-labelled patches and model prediction reached 93.23% for tumour tissue, surpassing inter-pathologist agreement. Our method is adaptable to other areas of science which rely on the analysis of extremely large-scale images.
Ineffectiveness of Formamidine in Suppressing Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Cubic Hybrid Perovskite FAPbI3
Authors: Hautier Geoffory , Zheng Jiongzhi , Chang Zheng , Lin Changpeng , Lin Chongjia , Zhou Yanguang , Huang Baoling , Guo Ruiqiang
Published: October 2024

Fundamentally understanding the lattice dynamics and microscopic mechanisms of thermal transport in cubic hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites remains elusive, primarily due to their strong anharmonicity and frequent phase transitions. In this work, we comprehensively investigate the thermal transport behavior in cubic hybrid perovskite FAPbI3, integrating first principles-based anharmonic lattice dynamics with a linearized Wigner transport formula. The Temperature-Dependent Effective Potential (TDEP) technique allows us to stabilize the negative soft modes, primarily dominated by organic FA+ cations, at finite temperatures in cubic FAPbI3. We then predict an ultra-low thermal conductivity of ~0.63 Wm^(-1) K^(-1) in cubic FAPbI3 at 300 K, with a temperature dependence of T^(-0.740), suggesting a good crystalline nature of phonon transport. Notably, the ultra-low thermal conductivity in cubic FAPbI3 is primarily attributed to the [PbI3]1- units, challenging the conventionally assumed preponderant role of the organic FA+ cations. This behavior can be explained by the presence of Pb(s)-I(p) anti-bonding states within the [PbI3]1- units. Furthermore, thermal transport in cubic FAPbI3 is predominantly governed by the particle-like phonon propagation channel across the entire temperature range of 300-500 K, resulting from diminished suppression of low-frequency phonons by FA+ cations and large inter-branch spacings. Finally, our findings underscore that the anharmonic force constants are highly sensitive to temperature effect, featured by the underestimation of thermal conductivity when utilizing 0-K anharmonic force constants. Our study not only elucidates the microscopic mechanisms of thermal transport in cubic FAPbI3 but also provides a crucial framework for the discovery, design, and understanding of hybrid organic-inorganic compounds with ultra-low thermal conductivity.
High frequency chest wall oscillation vs. oscillation and lung expansion on lung recruitment in hypersecretive mechanically ventilated patients: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Yi , Niu Guangyu , Xi Jianing , Jiang Hongying
Published: October 2024

Oscillation and lung expansion (OLE) is a pneumatic noninvasive physiotherapy technique that delivers aerosolized medication with continuous positive expiratory pressure and continuous high-frequency oscillation in a cyclic manner. A recent report showed the use of OLE in an acute care setting in patients with severe atelectasis, its effectiveness in reducing postoperative pulmonary complication and the length of mechanical ventilation[1].
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and its Association with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Vascular Disorder among Security Personnel in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Anas , Kiriyath Saheema Moila , Sheikh Huda Mohamed Saddik , Panattuparambil Anjela Davis , Ansari Shahwar Fatima , Kandakurti Praveen , Kumaraguruparan Gopal , Hazari Animesh
Published: October 2024

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and associated complications such as Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), and Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) among security personnel in the United Arab Emirates.
Methods: Data was gathered from a sample of 166 security professionals, aged 25–65, with a minimum of 8 hours of daily work hours, and at least 2 years of experience, using an observational, cross-sectional study design. The 10 g Semmes Weinstein monofilament testing, The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, and Vibration Pressure Threshold were used for DPN screening followed by the DN4 questionnaire, and the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) was used for PVD assessment. An ethical clearance has been received from the Institutional Research Board (IRB) and informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
Results: The study found a prevalence of 9.6% of DM among security personnel in the UAE. It also found a statistically significant and strong association between DM and DPN (r=0.83, p < 0.001). On the other hand, a moderate correlation was found with PVD (r= 0.56). SPSS version 29 was used for data analysis and the statistical significance was set at p-value ≤0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of DM among securities in UAE is 9.6%, which is significant as the total DM prevalence in UAE according to the 2021 report is 12.3%. There is a strong correlation between DM and DPN suggesting that security personnel could be at higher risk of developing “Diabetic Foot Syndrome” due to the nature and demand of the job. In addition, neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease could increase the risk and cause associated foot complications.
Preparation of Homogeneous Regenerated Cellulose Nanofiber based Membrane Adsorber for Membrane Chromatography Applications
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Asad , Shah Atif Ali , Lee Hong-Tae , Seo Jeong-Hyeon , Kim Tae-Kyung , Kwon Sei , Cho Young Hoon , Park Hosik
Published: October 2024

Herein, electrospun regenerated cellulose (RC) nanofibers were fabricated for membrane chromatography applications. A cellulose acetate (CA) nanofiber membrane was prepared using a solvent mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide and acetone, and glycerol was used to enhance the spin ability of CA, followed by alkaline treatment to obtain the RC nanofiber membrane. Glycerol addition enabled the electrospinning of CA nanofibers at lower concentrations, ensuring uniform nanofiber production and overcoming the limitations of bead formation or electrospraying at low CA concentrations during electrospinning. This study revealed that the compositions of glycerol and CA affect the pore size and fiber diameter of RC nanofiber membranes. To evaluate the practicality of RC nanofiber membranes for membrane chromatography, their binding capacity for bovine serum albumin was examined after grafting anion exchange ligands (3-(methacryloylamino)propyl-trimethylammonium chloride). The nanofiber membrane fabricated using 25 wt.% CA and 10 wt.% glycerol exhibited a superior static binding capacity of 230.9 mg/mL and a dynamic binding capacity of 112.1 mg/mL for bovine serum albumin. These findings indicated that the RC nanofiber–based membrane adsorber has potential applications in various separation and purification processes including adsorption, filtration, and membrane chromatography.
Conservation value and ecosystem service provision of Nothofagus antarctica forests based on phenocluster categories
Authors: Pastur Guillermo José Martínez , Rodríguez-Souilla Julián , Rosas Yamina Micaela , Politi Natalia , Rivera Luis , Silveira Eduarda M. O. , Olah Ashley M. , Pidgeon Anna M. , Lencinas María Vanessa , Peri Pablo Luis
Published: October 2024

Remote sensing and landscape modelling improve forest classification. One approach combines variables based on forest phenology and climate to characterisefunctional rather than structural or compositional characteristics of ecosystems (phenoclusters). However, there are few studies about the correlation between these new modelling approaches and forest classifications based on ground surveys. Our objective was to define the conservation value of different functional forests, based on phenocluster categories, for Nothofagus antarctica forests in Tierra del Fuego. We used different available features model outputs standardised and homogenised at 90-m spatial resolution (phenoclusters, ecosystem services, potential biodiversity), and ground truthdata from 145 stands (soil characteristics, forest structure, animal stocking rate, understory biodiversity). The phenocluster categories were compared using uni- and multivariate analyses. The use of phenocluster categories allowed sorting of the N. antarctica forest type into contrasting subtypes with different characteristics, including (i) cultural, regulating, and provisioning ecosystem services and potential biodiversity at landscape level (F = 1.8-87.6), (ii) soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous properties (F = 4.2-5.2), (iii) tree dominant height, overstory crown cover, basal area, and bark volume forest structure (F = 0.1-6.3), animal stock (F = 1.0-1.9), and (iv) understory plant richness (F = 1.0-9.4) at stand level. Significant differences were detected in the multivariate analyses (classifications and ordinations) supporting the split of this forest type into four functional forest subtypes: (i) coastal forests near the Atlantic Ocean, (ii) highland forests close to the steppe, (iii) ecotone areas associated with N. pumilioforests, and (iv) degraded and secondary forests. The cyclic and seasonal greenness information provided by the phenoclusters were directly related to plant understory diversity, where functional rather than structural or compositional characteristics of forest ecosystems were the main explanatory variable. Our findings can support better management and conservation proposals, e.g. different management strategies for each phenocluster category, or selection of representative forests into a reserve network design based on phenoclusters rather than forest types defined by tree canopy-cover composition.
ChatGPT and The Suspicion of Skin Cancer, a Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Shahla William Abou , Haddad Firas , Hawa Mariana El , Saade Dana
Published: October 2024

Background:
While ChatGPT is user-friendly and widely accessible, concerns arise regarding potential delays in diagnosis and false reassurances for patients with suspected skin malignancies.
Objective:
Our study aims to assess the accuracy of AI, specifically ChatGPT, in diagnosing skin malignancies and expressing the urgency to seek medical advice.
Methods
This diagnostic accuracy study assesses the agreement between dermatologists' final diagnoses and those provided by ChatGPT when patients describe their lesions. Thirty-five patients, suspected of skin cancer (SCC/BCC), provided demographic details and lesion descriptions. Diagnoses were recorded in ChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT4.0 for analysis.
Results:
Out of 35 lesions suspected by the dermatologist, all were malignant, indicating 100% accuracy. ChatGPT3.5 flagged malignancy in 7 cases (20%), while ChatGPT4.0 did so in 6 cases (17.14%). Consistency was lacking, as only 7 lesions received the same diagnosis from both models. However, both ChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT4.0 referred patients to dermatologists in all cases.
Conclusion:
The limitations of these two models include poor accuracy, lack of concordance among each other’s, and reproducibility issues with their answers. Both GPT models performed comparably to each other but were significantly inferior to dermatologists. However, both did not cause delays in referral to a dermatologist.
Development and Validation of the Academic Hope Scale (AcHS) for Students
Authors: Khormaei Farhad , Songhorabadi Saman Kamari , Khanna Maya Michelle
Published: October 2024

Since the majority of hope-related instruments constructed so far assessed the general concept of hope in life, developing the academic hope scale can provide valuable information in academic fields. The present study aimed at developing and validating of academic hope scale in student samples at schools and universities. This scale consisted of 27 items which extracted from the results of interviews with high school and university students and based on the theoretical foundations of Snyder’s (1994) and Pekrun’s theories (2006). The psychometric properties of this scale were examined in two studies. 241 high school students and 566 bachelor’s students are selected through the multi-stage random cluster sampling method in the first and second studies, respectively. The results of the exploratory factor analysis in the first study in which principal component analysis (PC) was used, showed that there were 4 components of academic hope, namely hope to gain opportunities, hope to gain life skills, hope in school’s usefulness, and hope to gain competency. In the second study, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the existence of the 4 components of academic hope. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients in the first and second studies showed high levels of scale reliability. In general, the results indicated that the AcHS had appropriate reliability and validity in both school and university populations and could be used as a useful tool for measuring academic hope in various academic groups.
Channel screw and W-shaped angular plate fixation of complexposterior acetabular fractures based on x-ray diagnostics
Authors: Lin Jiajie , Fan Shicai , Ban Jindong , Li Hang , Li Jiaming , Ruan Wenwu , Yang Chengliang
Published: October 2024

To investigate the surgical technique and clinical effect of cylindrical channel screw and AW-shaped Angle plate in the treatment of complex posterior acetabular fractures. This paper retrospectively analyzed the data of 36 patients with complex posterior acetabular fractures treated with column channel screws and W-shaped Angle plates from January 2016 to December 2020. Acetabular fractures are reduced and then fixed with percutaneous channel screws and W-shaped corner plates, or ordinary reconstruction plates. X-ray imaging technology was used to determine the location and type of fractures. During the operation, slot screws and W-shaped plates were applied to the fixation accurately, and X-ray fluoroscopy was used to ensure the correct position of the fasteners. Postoperatively, X-ray imaging was performed to evaluate the position, stability, and fracture healing of the internal fixator. At the last follow-up, no complications such as hip infection, failure of internal fixation, or hip dislocation occurred in both groups. There was 1 case of femoral head necrosis in each group. Ectopic ossification occurred in 2 patients in the control group. Traumatic arthritis was found in 3 cases in experimental group and 4 cases in control group. Therefore, percutaneous channel screws and W-shaped Angle plates can improve the fracture reduction rate, promote the improvement of hip functional rehabilitation, and reduce postoperative complications.
Expression and Application Research of Novel Endolysin Ply6A3 and Holin Hol6A3 in Bacteriophage PD6A3 from Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Wu Minle , Yang Yang , Wang Hanqing , Wang Beili , Pan Baishen , Xie Youhua , Guo Wei
Published: October 2024

Background
Currently, the excessive use of antibiotics makes the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections difficult. Phages have recently emerged as potential alternatives to antibiotics. However, their high specificity and constrained host range limit their clinical application.
Methods
The entire genome of bacteriophage PD6A3 was sequenced. Bioinformatic tools were used to predict genes and delineate the protein structures. A prokaryotic expression system for Ply6A3 and Hol6A3 was established. The antibacterial efficacy, thermal and pH stability, and cytotoxicity of Ply6A3 and Hol6A3 were investigated thoroughly. Additionally, bacterial resistance to these recombinant proteins was explored.
Results
This study achieved high-purity expression of Hol6A3 holin and Ply6A3 endolysin from the A. baumannii phage PD-6A3. Biochemical properties revealed Ply6A3 and Hol6A3 retained stable activity under different conditions.. These proteins exhibit broad-spectrum and potent bactericidal effects against various pathogens, indicating their potential clinical applications.
Conclusion
These enzymes represent a novel category with potent bactericidal effects and are effective against clinically resistant bacteria. These enzymes have a lot of antibacterial potential; they break down a wide range of bacteria, do not produce endotoxins, maintain their antibacterial functions, and do not easily develop drug resistance. Additionally, they exhibit synergistic effects in combating bacterial infections.
Adverse effects of Dichlofluanid on neotropical marine organisms
Authors: Cruz Ana Carolina Feitosa , Pauly Guacira de Figueiredo Eufrasio , Campos Bruno Galvão , Castro Ítalo Braga , Abessa Denis Moledo de Souza , Kamikawachi Renan Canute
Published: October 2024

This study aimed at evaluating the chronic and acute toxicity of dichlofluanid, an antifouling biocide, on marine invertebrates. Chronic toxicity tests with waterborne dichlofluanid were conducted with embryos of the sea-urchin Echinometra lucunter and ovigerous females of the copepod Nitocra sp. Chronic and acute toxicity tests with sediments spiked with dichlofluanid were performed with Nitocra sp. and the amphipod Tiburonella viscana, respectively, considering sediments with low and high quantities of organic matter. Toxicity was above the environmental concentrations reported in the literature for water. Toxicity to embryos of E. lucunter occurred from 1 µg/L, with effective concentrations to 50% organisms (EC50-40h) estimated as 198.5 (84.6-466.1) µg/L. For the copepod, toxicity started at 100 µg/L, and EC50-7d was 566.4 (304.0-738.4) µg/L. No sediment toxicity was observed to Nitocra sp., while significant effects on the amphipods occurred from 1000 ng/g. Sediments with high organic matter were more toxic. Dichlofluanid may be toxic to marine invertebrates; however, in sediments, its toxicity may be influenced by the amount of OM, since organically enriched sediments exhibited higher toxicity.
ZIF-L coated cotton fabric for antibacterial and self-cleaning applications
Authors: Qiu Qiaohua , Lan Liying
Published: October 2024

Textiles that possess antibacterial and self-cleaning properties play a crucial role in preventing the growth and spread of microbes. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-L (ZIF-L) nanostructures have gained significant attention in research due to their ability to sustainably release Zn2+ ions, coupled with the physical destruction of bacteria by their blade tips. Integrating natural fabrics with ZIF-L represents an effective approach to enhancing the value-added features of textiles with unique functionalities. In this study, we reported a facile technology for the in-situ growth of ZIF-L on cotton fabrics. A uniform and dense coating of leaf-shaped nanostructures by doping Cu2+ ions on ZIF-L was formed on the cotton fiber surface (Cu@ZIF-L@Cotton), followed by treatment with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) to obtain water-repellent MTMS/Cu@ZIF-L@Cotton fabric. The resulting fabrics exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, effectively killing 5 log CFU (>99.999%) of E. coli and S. aureus. Furthermore, the prepared cotton fabric not only showed hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 132° ± 0.58 but also displayed good self-cleaning properties. Additionally, these fabricated fabrics showed good functional stability after washing. It is therefore believed these valuable functions could significantly enhance the practical feasibility of the fabric in various application scenarios.
Analysis of genetic parameters, heritability, and path analysis in chickpeas under irrigated and rainfed conditions
Authors: Kakaei Mehdi , Farshadfar Mohsen
Published: October 2024

Chickpea is a crop containing high protein and has a vital role in the diet of food security in the world, especially in developing countries. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity, heritability, and path analysis in chickpea cultivars, based on the Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in 2023. The geographical coordinates are north latitude 34°58′ longitude 18°48′ and altitude was 1607. Calculation of genetic correlation in both environmental conditions showed that traits of plant height, number of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant, single plant biomass, seed yield of single plant without pods, the total number of main branches of the plant, grain yield of single plant with pods, grain yield (m2), biomass (m2), the stubble weight and harvest index, had high genetic correlation with each other. The highest percentage of heritability in irrigated conditions was related to biomass (m2) (0.96), number of pods per plant, and SPAD chlorophyll index at the fruiting stage (0.98). The highest percentage of heritability of grain yield (m2) under irrigated was (0.97), biomass, and SPAD chlorophyll index (0.99). The grain yield, biomass, and SPAD chlorophyll index at the fruiting time had the highest amount of heritability under rainfed conditions and also had the highest level of genetic gain. In normal conditions, traits the total number of main branches of the plant (0.06) and grain yield (0.09), had the lowest heritability and genetic gain. Under drought stress, trait the total number of main branches of the plant (0.16) had the lowest heritability and also had the lowest genetic gain (1.07). These results can be used in breeding programs to select for drought tolerance. The first four principal components accounted for 90.966% of the variance under irrigated and 95.362% of variance under rainfed conditions.