bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 3,4‐Di‐O‐acetyl‐6‐amino‐6‐deoxy‐ and 6‐ Acetamido‐3,4‐di‐O‐acetyl‐6‐deoxy‐D‐glucal.
Authors: MATHEWS W. B. , ZAJAC W. W. JUN.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Derivatives of 1‐Deoxynojirimycin. Part 3. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,3,6‐Trideoxy‐3,6‐difluoronojirimycin.
Authors: LEE C.‐K. , JIANG H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure 9‐Azabicyclo(3,3,1)nonene Derivatives. Stereochemical Requirements of Vinyl‐ and Allylsilanes in Iminium Ion Initiated Cyclization.
Authors: VIDAL L. , ROYER J. , HUSSON H.‐P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Castanospermine. Part 3. Castanospermine‐6‐phosphate, an Unusual Route to a Novel Compound.
Authors: FURNEAUX R. H. , MASON J. M. , TYLER P. C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Bronchospasmolytic Activity of 8‐Aryl, Heteroaryl or Arylalkyl Theophyllines.
Authors: BAZIARD‐MOUYSSET G. , RACHED A. , YOUNES S. , TOURNAIRE C. , STIGLIANI J. L. , PAYARD M. , YAVO J. C. , ADVENIER C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of 6‐O‐α‐ and 6‐O‐β‐D‐ Glucopyranosylmorphine and 6‐O‐β‐D‐Glucopyranosylcodeine.
Authors: KOVAC P. , RICE K. C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Leptocarpine, a New Protopine Alkaloids.
Authors: TABORSKA E. , BOCHORAKOVA H. , SEDMERA P. , VALKA I. , SIMANEK V.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simplified Synthesis of 2′‐O‐Alkyl Ribopyrimidines.
Authors: HODGE R. P. , SINHA N. D.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type‐1 (HIV‐1) and anti‐Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Activities of (2,3‐Dideoxy‐2‐fluoro‐β‐L‐threo‐ pentofuranosyl)nucleosides.
Authors: XIANG Y. , CAVALCANTI S. , CHU C. K. , SCHINAZI R. F. , PAI S. B. , ZHU Y.‐L. , CHENG Y.‐C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lignan, Iridoid and Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Pedicularis alaschanica Maxim (Scrophulariaceae).
Authors: GAO J. , JIA Z.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6,7‐Diaza‐19‐norvitamin D Compounds.
Authors: SICINSKI R. R. , DELUCA H. F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Compactin by a Double Michael Protocol.
Authors: HAGIWARA H. , NAKANO T. , KON‐NO M. , UDA H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Heteroaromatic Triflates with Acetylene and Its Application for a Dynemicin A Intermediate.
Authors: OKITA T. , ISOBE M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tricyclic Cephems as Inhibitors of Human Leukocyte Elastase. Thieno(3, 4‐c)cepham Sulfones and Pyrrolo(3,4‐c)cepham Sulfones.
Authors: ALPEGIANI M. , BISSOLINO P. , CORIGLI R. , RIZZO V. , PERRONE E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phomopsichalasin, a Novel Antimicrobial Agent from an Endophytic Phomopsis sp.
Authors: HORN W. S. , SIMMONDS M. S. J. , SCHWARTZ R. E. , BLANEY W. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of (5R,6S)‐6‐Acetoxy‐ hexadecanolide, a Mosquito Oviposition Attractant Pheromone.
Authors: BONINI C. , CHECCONI M. , RIGHI G. , ROSSI L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ab Initio Studies on Molecular Models of Zeolitic Catalysts
Authors: SAUER J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Materials and Models: Faces of Intercalation Chemistry
Authors: SCHOELLHORN R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphite ‐ A Unique Host Lattice
Authors: SCHLOEGL R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum Compounds in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: HABER J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Redox Active Ligand Systems for Recognizing Cationic and Anionic Guest Species
Authors: BEER P. D.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrocene as a Building Block for Supramolecular Chemistry Systems
Authors: KAIFER A. E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Homoleptic Alkyls and Aryls of the Platinum Group Metals
Authors: WILKINSON G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Saturated and Partially Unsaturated Carbocycles
Authors: BODEN C. D. J. , PATTENDEN G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Reactions of Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: FLORJANCZYK Z. , RADUCHA D.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Monohalo Ethers in Organic Synthesis
Authors: BENNECHE T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Epibatidine Competition: Synthetic Work on a Novel Natural Analgetic
Authors: DEHMLOW E. V.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Constructing Cyclics from Simple Olefins
Authors: WAYMOUTH R. M. , KNIGHT K. S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Understanding and Open Questions on Giant Magnetoresistance
Authors: LEVY P. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Model Reactions for Photosynthesis ‐ Photoinduced Charge and Energy Transfer Between Covalently Linked Porphyrin and Quinone Units
Authors: KURRECK H. , HUBER M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anitcoagulatory Substances of Bloodsucking Animals: From Hirudin to Hirudin Mimetics
Authors: DODT J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Biosynthesis ‐ An Approach in the Near Future?
Authors: ROHR J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mandelate Racemase: Structure‐Function Studies of a Pseudosymmetric Enzyme
Authors: KENYON G. L. , GERLT J. A. , PETSKO G. A. , KOZARICH J. W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hyperthermia alters the interaction of proteins of the Mre11 complex in irradiated cells
Authors: Gerashchenko Bogdan I. , Gooding Gerirose , Dynlacht Joseph R.
Published: August 2010

Radiosensitization of mammalian cells by heat is believed to involve the inhibition of repair of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs). The Mre11 complex (composed of Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1) is involved in DSB repair and forms foci at sites of radiation‐induced DSBs. Heat induces the translocation of a significant amount of Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, but little is known about how heat affects the integrity of the proteins still remaining in nuclei, or alters kinetics of formation/disappearance of DNA repair foci in heated, irradiated cells. Here, we show that hyperthermia alters the interaction between proteins of the Mre11 complex in irradiated human melanoma cells and inhibits the formation of repair foci. At various times after X‐irradiation and/or heating (2 h at 41.5 or 42.5°C), the cells were fixed and stained for Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1. Colocalization of proteins and formation and disappearance of nuclear foci in heated and/or irradiated cells, determined using confocal microscopy, were compared. In heated, irradiated cells, focus formation was inhibited for 2–8 h, and colocalization of the proteins of the Mre11 complex was reduced for 12–24 h post‐treatment. Colocalization was recovered in irradiated cells within 24 h after heating at 41.5°C, but was inhibited longer after heating at 42.5°C. The decreased colocalization in heated, irradiated cells suggests that there is a decrease in protein interaction, and Mre11 complexes in nuclei disassemble after heating. Such changes could be involved, at least in part, in heat radiosensitization and inhibition of DSB repair. Also, the kinetics of disassembly and reassembly of Mre11 complexes appears to be dependent upon treatment temperature. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Bioevaluation of a novel [32P]‐CP‐PLLA microparticle for pancreatic cancer treatment
Authors: Yang Min , Xu Yuping , Pan Donghui , Wang Lizhen , Luo Shineng , Shao Guoqiang , Liu Lu , Hunag Peilin
Published: August 2010

A novel [32P]‐CP‐PLLA ([32P]‐chromic phosphate‐poly‐L‐lactic acid) microparticle was designed and evaluated for the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma. The microparticle was prepared from [32P] chromic phosphate and poly‐L‐lactic acid. Bioelimination, biodistribution, SPECT image, and therapeutic effect were studied in mice bearing human pancreatic tumor xenografts. [32P]chromic phosphate ([32P]‐CP) colloid at the same radioactivity dose was compared as the control. High radioactivity (>95%ID) of [32P]‐CP‐PLLA was retained at the tumor, and almost no radioactivity excretion (<1%ID) was observed in urine and feces for 14 days, while radioactivity of [32P]‐CP colloid, was distributed to the liver, spleen, and lung (varied individual), and the excretion increased over 5%ID. Compared with controls, reduced tumor volumes were seen in the [32P]‐CP‐PLLA microparticle treatment group (P<0.01). Dose dependence was seen histologically. [32P]‐CP‐PLLA microparticle retained high activity and long‐term residence in tumor. With minimal distribution to normal organs [32P]‐CP‐PLLA microparticle is superior to [32P]‐CP colloid and is more suitable for brachytherapy in solid tumor. Drug Dev Res 71:364–370, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical efficacy of potassium humate in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Gandy Justin J. , Meeding Johanna P. , Snyman Jacques R. , van Rensburg Constance E. Jansen
Published: August 2010

The anti‐inflammatory properties of products that contain high levels of humic acid, such as peat, sapropeles, and mumie, are well described. The aim of this study was to establish the clinical efficacy of brown coal‐derived potassium humate, as in vivo animal models had suggested similar efficacy of humate to prednisolone. In this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, atopic volunteers were recruited and randomized to placebo or 1.8 g potassium humate/day (three divided dosages) when they presented with hay fever. The efficacy parameters used were skin‐prick tests for wheal and flare reactions, nasal smears for inflammatory cell accumulation, and cytokine levels. Patients also filled out daily symptom score cards to determine efficacy against symptoms of hay fever. Potassium humate resulted in a significant decrease in wheal and flare reactions as well as nasal eosinophil counts. These findings were supported by similar changes (not significant) in cytokine levels. Changes in symptom scores did not reach significance. This proof of concept study clearly demonstrated the potential of potassium humate in the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as hay fever. Drug Dev Res 71:358–363, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and properties of oligo(biradicals) composed of 1,3‐diphosphacyclobutane‐2,4‐diyl units and benzyl‐type linkers
Authors: Ito Shigekazu , Miura Joji , Morita Noboru , Yoshifuji Masaaki , Arduengo Anthony J.
Published: August 2010

We have succeeded in catenating two sterically encumbered 1,3‐di‐t‐butyl‐2,4‐bis(2,4,6‐tri‐t‐butylphenyl)‐1,3‐diphosphacyclobutane‐2,4‐diyl units with a spacer 1,2‐(CH2)2C6H4 to obtain bis(biradicals) as considerably stable compounds. We have discussed physicochemical properties of the dimer, together with DFT calculations of model compounds. Spectroscopic data, redox properties, and X‐ray structures of the oligo(biradicals) derivatives including other spacers like 1,3‐(CH2)2C6H4, 1,4‐(CH2)2C6H4, and 1,3,5‐(CH2)3C6H3, reveal that the P‐heterocyclic biradical moieties interact through nonconjugative pathways. These properties of oligo(biradicals) will facilitate to design novel molecular systems for electronics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:404–411, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20625
Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antimicrobial activities of organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases with ONO‐type donor atoms
Authors: Yenişehirli Gülgün , Öztaş Nurşen Altuntaş , Şahin Ertan , Çelebier Mustafa , Ancın Nilgün , Öztaş Selma Gül
Published: August 2010

A new series of diorganotin complexes of the type R2SnL (L1: N‐(2‐hydroxy‐5‐chlorophenyl)‐ 3‐ethoxysalicylideneimine, R = Me, (Me2SnL1), R = n‐Bu, (n‐Bu2SnL1), R = Ph, (Ph2SnL1), L2: N‐(2‐hydroxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐chlorophenyl)‐3‐ethoxysalicylideneimine, R = Ph, Ph2SnL2, L3: N‐(2‐hydroxy‐4‐nitrophenyl)‐3‐methoxysalicylideneimine, R = Me, (Me2SnL3), R = n‐Bu, (n‐Bu2SnL3), L4: N‐(2‐hydroxy‐4‐nitrophenyl)‐3‐ethoxysalicylideneimine, R = Me, (Me2SnL4), R = n‐Bu, (n‐Bu2SnL4)) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), 1H, and 13C NMR mass spectroscopic techniques, and electrochemical measurements. Ph2SnL1 and Ph2SnL2 were also characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis and were found to show a fivefold C2NO2 coordination geometry nearly halfway between a trigonal bipyramidal and distorted square pyramidal arrangement. The CSnC angles in the complexes were calculated using Lockhart's equations with the 1J(117/119Sn‐13C) and 2J(117/119Sn‐1H) values from the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. Biocidal activity tests against several micro‐organisms and some fungi indicate that all the complexes are mildly active against Gram (+) bacteria and the fungi, A. niger and inactive against Gram (−) bacteria. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:373–385, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20628
Environmental enrichment potentiates thalamocortical transmission and plasticity in the adult rat visual cortex
Authors: Mainardi Marco , Landi Silvia , Gianfranceschi Laura , Baldini Sara , De Pasquale Roberto , Berardi Nicoletta , Maffei Lamberto , Caleo Matteo
Published: August 2010

It has been demonstrated that the complex sensorimotor and social stimulation achieved by rearing animals in an enriched environment (EE) can reinstate juvenile‐like plasticity in the adult cortex. However, it is not known whether EE can affect thalamocortical transmission. Here, we recorded in vivo field potentials from the visual cortex evoked by electrical stimulation of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) in anesthetized rats. We found that a period of EE during adulthood shifted the input–output curves and increased paired‐pulse depression, suggesting an enhanced synaptic strength at thalamocortical terminals. Accordingly, EE animals showed an increased expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT‐2) in geniculocortical afferents to layer IV. Rats reared in EE also showed an enhancement of thalamocortical long‐term potentiation (LTP) triggered by theta‐burst stimulation (TBS) of the dLGN. To monitor the functional consequences of increased LTP in EE rats, we recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) before and after application of TBS to the geniculocortical pathway. We found that responses to visual stimulation were enhanced across a range of contrasts in EE animals. This was accompanied by an up‐regulation of the intracortical excitatory synaptic marker vGluT‐1 and a decrease in the expression of the vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT), indicating a shift in the excitation/inhibition ratio. Thus, in the adult rat, EE enhances synaptic strength and plasticity of the thalamocortical pathway associated with specific changes in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. These data provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which EE shapes the adult brain. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different effects of erythropoietin in cisplatin‐ and docetaxel‐induced neurotoxicity: An in vitro study
Authors: Maggioni Daniele , Nicolini Gabriella , Chiorazzi Alessia , Meregalli Cristina , Cavaletti Guido , Tredici Giovanni
Published: August 2010

Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a side effect limiting cisplatin (CDDP) and docetaxel (DOCE) treatment. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hematopoietic growth factor also displaying neurotrophic properties. Evidence suggests that EPO's neuroprotective action may rely on PI3K/AKT pathway activation; however, data regarding the EPO neuroprotective mechanism are still limited. This study evaluated the effect of EPO on organotypic cultures of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and in primary cultures of DRG‐dissociated sensory neurons exposed to CDDP‐ and DOCE‐induced neurotoxicity, aiming to investigate EPO's neuroprotective mechanism. Subsequently, the levels of AKT expression and activation were analyzed by Western blot in neurons exposed to CDDP or DOCE; AKT's role was further evaluated by using a chemical inhibitor of AKT activation, wortmannin. In these models EPO, was protective against both CDDP‐ and DOCE‐induced cell death and against CDDP‐induced neurite elongation reduction. A modulation of AKT activation was observed in CDDP‐treated neurons, and the presence of wortmannin prevented EPO's neuroprotective action against CDDP toxicity but did not have any effect on EPO's protection against DOCE‐induced toxicity, thus ruling out the PI3K‐AKT pathway as the mechanism of EPO's effect in neuronal death prevention after DOCE exposure. Our results confirm in vitro the effectiveness of EPO as a neuroprotectant against both CDDP‐ and DOCE‐induced neurotoxicity. In addition, a role of PI3K/AKT in EPO's protection against CDDP, but not against DOCE, neurotoxicity was shown, suggesting that alternative pathways could be involved in EPO's neuroprotective activity. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival after secondary cytoreduction for recurrent ovarian cancer: Which are the prognostic factors?
Authors: Biliatis Ioannis , Haidopoulos Dimitrios , Rodolakis Alexandros , Vlachos Georgios , Protopapas Athanasios , Thomakos Nikolaos , Sergentanis Theodoros , Akrivos Nikolaos , Antsaklis Aris
Published: August 2010

Objective

Significant controversy exists concerning the factors affecting survival after secondary cytoreduction (SCR) in recurrent ovarian cancer. This study aims to identify factors independently associated with survival after SCR.

Methods

We retrospectively retrieved 39 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. All patients had been initially treated with primary cytoreduction in our institution and received platinum‐ and paclitaxel‐based chemotherapy postoperatively. Disease‐free interval (DFI) had to be longer than 6 months. A variety of clinicopathological factors were recorded. Multivariable Cox regression was performed to examine the associations of parameters with survival.

Results

Median survival was equal to 24 months, the median DFI was 22 months, and complete SCR had been achieved in 19/39 patients (48.7%, 95% CI: 32.4–65.2%). Higher number of recurrence sites, clear‐cell histological type, and more advanced FIGO stage were independently associated with shorter survival; longer DFI was associated with longer survival. Noticeably, complete SCR lost its significance at the multivariable model, although it was associated with longer survival at the univariable analysis.

Conclusions

Four factors seem capable of independently modifying survival after SCR: number of recurrence sites, DFI, FIGO stage, and clear cell histology. The two latter factors might reflect aggressive clinicopathological features of the tumor with long‐term effect. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:671–675. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paraneoplastic glomerulopathy secondary to retroperitoneal sarcoma: A case report
Authors: Sherman Jingjing L. , Liu Eric Y. , Ozao‐Choy Junko , Winston Jonathan A. , Lee Johnny , Dikman Steven H. , Divino Celia M.
Published: August 2010

Glomerulopathy is a rare form of paraneoplastic disease. We present the second reported case of paraneoplastic glomerulopathy due to a retroperitoneal sarcoma. The patient presented with generalized edema and nephrotic syndrome. CT scan showed two large retroperitoneal masses. One large retroperitoneal mass was resected. Post‐operatively, she developed kidney failure and biopsy showed minimal change disease. With steroid therapy, patient's symptoms went into remission. We hypothesize that minimal change paraneoplastic glomerulopathy developed due to damage from cytokines released from a T‐cell mediated response to the malignancy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:704–705. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase are associated with a high risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a smoking population from southern China
Authors: Cao Yun , Miao Xiao‐Ping , Huang Ma‐Yan , Deng Ling , Liang Xiao‐Man , Lin Dong‐Xin , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Shao Jian‐Yong
Published: August 2010

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a central role in converting folate to a compound which serves as a methyl donor for DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification known to be dysregulated in carcinogenesis. This case–control study assessed the contribution of MTHFR polymorphisms to the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MTHFR genotypes C677T and A1298C in 529 NPC patients and 577 frequency‐matched controls were determined by PCR‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism. We found a 1.57‐fold increased risk of NPC in subjects with the MTHFR 1298AC genotype compared to subjects with the MTHFR 1298AA genotype. In addition, an elevated NPC risk was also found in subjects with both the MTHFR 677CT and 1298AC genotypes [odds ratio (OR) = 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.37–3.39] compared to subjects with the 677CC/1298AA genotypes. Furthermore, we observed an additive interaction between MTHFR polymorphisms and smoking status on the increased risk of NPC. The OR was 6.72 (95% CI = 1.85–24.48) among heavy smokers (pack‐years ≥15) carrying 677TT compared with nonsmokers carrying the 677CC genotype. The OR was 7.23 (95% CI = 4.22–12.38) or 12.75 (95% CI = 2.74–59.3) among subjects carrying the 1298AC or 1298CC genotype in heavy smokers (pack‐years ≥15) compared with 1298AA in nonsmokers. Our results provide the first molecular epidemiological evidence that MTHFR polymorphisms associate with the risk of NPC and this association is especially noteworthy in heavy smokers. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isosilybin A induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells via targeting Akt, NF‐κB, and androgen receptor signaling
Authors: Deep Gagan , Gangar Subhash C. , Oberlies Nicholas H. , Kroll David J. , Agarwal Rajesh
Published: August 2010

Prostate cancer (PCA) is the second most malignancy in American men. Advanced stage PCA cells possess unlimited replication potential as well as resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, targeting survival mechanisms and activating apoptotic machinery in PCA cells using nontoxic phytochemicals is suggested as an attractive strategy against this deadly malignancy. In the present study, we assessed the effect of one such botanical agent, namely isosilybin A, on apoptotic machinery and key members of cell survival signaling [Akt, NF‐κB, and androgen receptor (AR)] in different PCA cells. Results showed that isosilybin A (90–180 µM) treatment significantly induces apoptotic death by activating both extrinsic (increased level of DR5 and cleaved caspase 8) and intrinsic pathways (caspase 9 and 3 activation) of apoptosis in three different human PCA cell lines namely 22Rv1, LAPC4, and LNCaP. Further, isosilybin A treatment decreased the levels of phospho‐Akt (serine‐473), total Akt, and the nuclear levels of NF‐κB constituents (p50 and p65). Isosilybin A treatment also decreased the AR and PSA level in 22Rv1, LAPC4, and LNCaP cells. Employing pan‐caspase inhibitor (Z‐VAD.fmk), we confirmed that isosilybin A‐mediated decreased AR is independent of caspases activation. Temporal kinetics analysis showed that the primary effect of isosilybin A is on AR, as decrease in AR was evident much earlier (4 h) relative to caspase activation and apoptosis induction (12 h). Overall, our results demonstrated that isosilybin A activates apoptotic machinery in PCA cells via targeting Akt–NF‐κB–AR axis; thereby, indicating a promising role for this phytochemical in the management of clinical PCA. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The skinny on slug
Authors: Shirley Stephanie H. , Hudson Laurie G. , He Jing , Kusewitt Donna F.
Published: August 2010

The zinc finger transcription factor Slug (Snai2) serves a wide variety of functions in the epidermis, with roles in skin development, hair growth, wound healing, skin cancer, and sunburn. Slug is expressed in basal keratinocytes and hair follicles where it is important in maintaining epidermal homeostasis. Slug also helps coordinate the skin response to exogenous stimuli. Slug is rapidly induced by a variety of growth factors and injurious agents and Slug controls, directly or indirectly, a variety of keratinocyte responses, including changes in differentiation, adhesion, motility, and production of inflammatory mediators. Slug thus modulates the interactions of the keratinocyte with its environment and with surrounding cells. The function of Slug in the epidermis appears to be distinct from that of the closely related Snail transcription factor. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Substance abuse and movement disorders
Authors: Brust John C.M.
Published: August 2010

An array of movement disorders is associated with ethanol, illicit drugs, and tobacco. Heavy ethanol users experience withdrawal tremor and, less often, withdrawal parkinsonism, chorea, and myoclonus. Asterixis is a feature of hepatic failure. On the other hand, ethanol can ameliorate essential tremor and myoclonus‐dystonia. Among opioid drugs, meperidine can precipitate myoclonus. Severe parkinsonism affected users of a synthetic meperidine analog contaminated with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine. Spongiform leukoencephalopathy, sometimes with chorea and myoclonus, occurred in inhalers of heroin vapor (chasing the dragon). Psychostimulants including cocaine acutely cause stereotypies and dyskinesias. Phencyclidine toxicity causes myoclonus. Tobacco use, on the other hand, protects against Parkinson's disease. Clinicians need to consider substance abuse in patients with unexplained movement disorders. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.
Split‐screen video demonstration of sonography‐guided muscle identification and injection of botulinum toxin
Authors: Fietzek Urban M. , Schroeder A. Sebastian , Wissel Jörg , Heinen Florian , Berweck Steffen
Published: August 2010

A standardization of injection procedures for the various botulinum toxin (BoNT) indications has not been achieved to date. One established option to guide the therapist's needle is sonography guidance. It provides real‐time visualization of the injection process, which is quick, allows perfect precision, and the procedure as such is painless. To demonstrate these qualities, we have recorded six split‐screen video segments that show the handling of the probe and the needle during BoNT injections concurrently with the respective cross‐sectional sonography recordings. The video sequences show differentiation of the pollicis longus muscle and individual finger flexor fascicles, needle tracking, and real‐time sonography‐guided injection of the gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, and iliopsoas muscles. We hope this short presentation will help to encourage a more widespread use of the technique as well as further research on sonography guidance for precise delivery of BoNT injections to various target muscles. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
The pattern of habitual sedentary behavior is different in advanced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chastin Sebastein F.M. , Baker Katherine , Jones Diana , Burn David , Granat Malcolm H. , Rochester Lynn
Published: August 2010

Physical behavior changes in Parkinson's disease (PD), however, objective evidence of this is lacking. This study explored methods to objectively quantify sedentary behavior (SB) in advanced PD with the aim of identifying changes that could impact on the burden of disease. We compared the SB of 17 PD (UPDRS III 29.1 ± 5.5; disease duration 12.5 ± 6.4; H&Y (3 & 4) and 17 aged and gender matched healthy subjects. SB was measured objectively over a 7 day period using the activPAL accelerometer. SB was defined as sitting or lying and described in terms of the volume and pattern of SB. Comparison between PD and controls showed that whilst there was no difference in the volume of sedentary time (P = 0.15), there was a significant difference in distribution (P < 0.01) and pattern of accumulation of sedentary time (P < 0.01). Bouts of SB in people with PD tend to last longer than that of controls, whilst the total time spent inactive is the same for the two groups. These results suggest that PD leads to a change in the pattern of SB but not the volume. This may be interpreted as a strategy to conserve energy to maximize function. Studying the pattern of SB appears promising and has the potential to help us to understand the impact of PD and the consequences of changes in SB on the burden of disease. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Psychometric attributes of the rating scale for gait evaluation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Serrano‐Dueñas Marcos , Calero Belén , Serrano Soledad , Serrano Maite , Coronel Paulina
Published: August 2010

Background:

The RSGE‐PD‐V2.0 is a specific measure for evaluation of gait impairment in PD.

Objective:

To check the RSGE‐PD‐V2.0 metrics attributes.

Methods:

In addition to demographic and historical data of PD, applied assessments were: Hoehn and Yahr staging (H&Y); impact in daily activities with Schwab and England scale (S&E); SCOPA Motor; mental status with Short portable mental status questionnaire (SPMSQ); quality of life with Parkinson's impact scale (PIMS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale‐6 items (HDRS‐6); and, the Clinical Impression of Severity Index‐PD (CISI‐PD).

Results:

151 PD patients were included (n = 102 (67.5%) were male). Most patients were in H&Y stage 3 (n = 78 (51.6%)). Mean of age and duration of disease was 68.4 and 7.6 years respectively. Mean values of L‐Dopa doses was 652.6 mg/day. Mean values of SCOPA Motor were 29.1; SPMSQ: 1.8; HADS‐6: 9.2; PIMS: 18.7;RSGE‐PD‐V2.0: 25.4; and, CISI‐PD were 10.8. Full computable scores were 100%; Guttman's lambda, 0.954; and the item‐total correlation, 0.408‐0.830. Correlation coefficients (Spearman's rho) between RSGE‐PD‐V2.0 and H&Y, S&E, SCOPA Motor, PIMS and CISI‐PD, were: 0.62; ‐0.75; 0.74; 0.46; and, 0.78 respectively. RSGE‐PD‐V2.0 scale significantly discriminated among PD severity levels (based on H&Y staging) Kruskal‐Wallis (p < 0.000).

Conclusions:

Metric attributes of the RSGE‐PD‐V2.0 in this sample of study resulted in has sufficient and suitable satisfactory. We, therefore, believe that RSGE‐PD‐V2.0 is easy and a useful and recommendable specific tool for measuring gait disease in PD patients. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
A comparison of two brief screening measures of cognitive impairment in Huntington's disease
Authors: Mickes Laura , Jacobson Mark , Peavy Guerry , Wixted John T. , Lessig Stephanie , Goldstein Jody L. , Corey‐Bloom Jody
Published: August 2010

The goal of this study was to explore whether the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a new screening instrument, would be more sensitive to mild to moderate cognitive impairment in Huntington's disease (HD) than an established screening measure, the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE). Our reasoning for this query is that the MoCA includes a broader range of test items and an additional assessment of executive functioning and attention compared with the MMSE. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to examine performance of HD and control groups on both tests on overall scores and scores from various subdomains (i.e., visuospatial abilities) revealed that the MoCA achieved higher sensitivity without sacrificing specificity in many domains relative to the MMSE. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Intraoperative local field recording for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor
Authors: Holdefer Robert N. , Cohen Bernard A. , Greene Karl A.
Published: August 2010

Oscillations in the beta frequency range (β‐LFP) are widely distributed throughout the motor system, modulated by dopaminergic medications, and locally generated in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM). We investigated the feasibility of recording intraoperative β‐LFP signals and their descriptive summary statistics during surgeries for deep brain stimulation (DBS). β‐LFP from the microelectrode and stimulating lead were obtained from the STN in Parkinson's patients, and from the stimulating lead in the VIM of patients with Parkinson's disease or essential tremor. β‐LFP power was obtained over 8 second epochs and displayed online as compressed spectral and density arrays and trend plots. In agreement with other studies, β‐LFP power along microelectrode penetrations was greater in the STN as compared to sites dorsal and ventral to the nucleus. Differences in β‐LFP power were also observed across the contacts of stimulating leads in the STN and VIM. The contact with greatest β‐LFP power was either the most effective contact for clinical stimulation or adjacent to it. These results were obtained from conventional power measurements, spectral displays, and trend plots with equipment commonly used for intraoperative neuromonitoring. We conclude that β‐LFP is an accessible and easily recorded signal intraoperatively with potential usefulness for DBS lead localization and clinical programming of the stimulating lead. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
A futility study of minocycline in Huntington's disease
Authors: Cudkowicz Merit ,   The Huntington Study Group DOMINO Investigators
Published: August 2010

This study assessed the futility of proceeding with a Phase 3 clinical trial of minocycline as a disease‐modifying treatment for Huntington's disease (HD). One hundred fourteen research participants with HD were randomized, 87 to minocycline (200 mg/d) and 27 to placebo. The change in Total Functional Capacity (TFC) score from baseline to Mo 18 was prespecified as the primary measure of HD progression. By using a futility design, we tested the null hypothesis that minocycline would reduce the mean decline in TFC score by at least 25% compared to a fixed value obtained from a historical database, with a one‐tailed significance level of 10%. The placebo group was included to facilitate blinding. Rejection of the null hypothesis would discourage a major definitive trial of minocycline in HD. For the primary analysis, missing data were handled by carrying forward the last available observation; a secondary analysis used multiple imputations. The mean TFC decline in the minocycline group was 1.55 (SD 1.85), and futility was not declared (P= 0.12) for the primary analysis. When multiple imputation was used to handle missing data, the mean TFC decline in the minocycline group of 1.71 (SD 1.96,P= 0.07) suggested futility, as was the case for prespecified secondary outcome measures. There were no safety abnormalities attributable to minocycline. Based on the threshold of 25% improvement in TFC, further study of minocycline 200 mg/d in HD was not warranted. Futility designs aid in screening potential therapies for HD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Risk and learning in impulsive and nonimpulsive patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Djamshidian Atbin , Jha Ashwani , O'Sullivan Sean S. , Silveira‐Moriyama Laura , Jacobson Clare , Brown Peter , Lees Andrew , Averbeck Bruno B.
Published: August 2010

Relatively little is known about the interaction between behavioral changes, medication, and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD). We examined working memory, learning and risk aversion in PD patients with and without impulsive or compulsive behavior (ICB) and compared the results with those in a group of age‐matched control subjects. Parkinson patients with PD+ICB had poorer working memory performance than either controls or PD patients without ICB. PD+ICB patients also showed decreased learning from negative feedback and increased learning from positive feedback in off compared with on dopaminergic medication. This interaction between medication status and learning was the opposite of that found in the PD patients without a diagnosis of ICB. Finally, the PD group showed increased risk preference on medication relative to controls, and the subgroup of PD+ICB patients with pathological gambling were overall more risk prone than the PD group. Thus, medication status and an impulsive behavioral diagnosis differentially affect several behaviors in PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Penetrance in Parkinson's disease related to the LRRK2 R1441G mutation in the Basque country (Spain)
Authors: Ruiz‐Martínez Javier , Gorostidi Ana , Ibañez Berta , Alzualde Ainhoa , Otaegui David , Moreno Fermin , de Munain Adolfo López , Bergareche Alberto , Gómez‐Esteban Juan Carlos , Massó José F. Martí
Published: August 2010

The LRRK2 R1441G mutation was first identified in Basque families and it is responsible for 46% of familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and for 2.5% of sporadic PD in the PD population of Basque ascent. The aim of this study was to determine LRRK2 R1441G penetrance in PD in the Basque Country (Spain) to help in a more accurate genetic counseling. A total of 59 sibships containing 244 individuals, with a total of 40 PD‐affected relatives, were studied. Genetic testing for the R1441G mutation in the LRRK2 gene was performed in 133 individuals and was positive in 51% of them. Lifetime penetrance of R1441G mutations turned out to be 12.5% at 65 years to 83.4% at 80 years. No gender differences were found in penetrance. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.