bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaction of NO molecule at 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface: an ab initio study for the effect of NO annealing after dry oxidation
Authors: Shimizu Tsunashi , Akiyama Toru , Nakamura Kohji , Ito Tomonori , Kageshima Hiroyuki , Uematsu Masashi , Shiraishi Kenji
Published: January 2021

The reaction of the NO molecule at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface after dry oxidation is theoretically investigated on the basis of ab initio calculations. On the Si-face, the reaction of the NO molecule results in the dissociation of the C–C single bond and the formation of Si4–N bonds with the CO2 molecule. In contrast, the C=C double bond changes into the C–C bond with the formation of Si3–N bonds and CO2 desorption on the C-face. This C–C bond on the C-face can be removed by the incorporation of an additional NO molecule. For the resultant interface structures, no localized electronic states are generated around the energy gap of 4H-SiC, suggesting that the NO annealing process is crucial to reduce the carbon-related defects at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface. Furthermore, the reaction on the NO molecule at the interface with CO desorption after dry oxidation is discussed in order to clarify the behavior of the NO molecule during the annealing process at 4H-SiC/SiO2 interfaces.
Breakdown phenomenon dependences on the number and positions of threading dislocations in vertical p-n junction GaN diodes
Authors: Ohta Hiroshi , Asai Naomi , Horikiri Fumimasa , Narita Yoshinobu , Yoshida Takehiro , Mishima Tomoyoshi
Published: January 2021

The correlation between current-voltage (I–V) characteristics and threading dislocations was evaluated using p-n junction diodes on a high-quality GaN substrate with an average threading dislocation density (TDD) ≤ 4 × 105 cm−2 using the newly developed maskless 3D (M-3D) method. For the forward I–V characteristics, it was found that the “on” resistance (R
on) increased as the number of dislocations in the diode increased. This result indicates that reducing the number of dislocations is effective in improving the forward I–V characteristics. On the other hand, for the reverse I–V characteristics, it was found that there was no clear correlation between the breakdown voltage (V
B) and the number of dislocations. Also, the p-n diode’s destruction point and dislocation position did not match in almost all of the measured p-n diodes. These results suggest that dislocation has very little effect on V
B and the p-n diode destruction.
Tunnel nitride passivated contacts for silicon solar cells formed by catalytic CVD
Authors: Wen Yuli , Thi Cam Tu Huynh , Ohdaira Keisuke
Published: January 2021

An ultra-thin silicon nitride (SiN
x
) layer formed by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD) is used to replace the Si dioxide (SiO2) layer of a tunnel oxide passivated contact solar cell. The passivation quality of crystalline Si (c-Si) with a stack of the ultra-thin SiN
x
and n-type hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H) or microcrystalline Si (μc-Si:H), also formed by Cat-CVD, is significantly improved by annealing at 850 °C, probably due to the formation of a back surface field layer. Cat-CVD SiN
x
with thicknesses of up to 2.5 nm can have sufficient tunneling conduction. The ultra-thin SiN
x
having functions of surface passivation and carrier tunneling, and the unification of the formation method for the tunnel SiN
x
and conductive layers will lead to the realization of tunnel nitride passivated contact solar cells.
On Trends in Infrastructure Development Using the Public-Private Partnership Mechanism in the G20 Countries
Authors: Shiyan A. A.
Published: January 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to examine project initiatives and proposals for improving funding mechanisms for infrastructure projects based on public-private partnership in the Russian Federation.

Tasks. The authors consider approaches and project initiatives of the G20 countries pertaining to the implementation of public-private partnership projects in the context of the adaptation of infrastructure projects to the Russian market (for the purpose of improving the quality and efficiency of the implementation of infrastructure projects in the Russian market).

Methods. The methodological basis of this study includes works of Russian and foreign researchers in the field of public-private partnership and project financing. The authors use methods of scientific research (expert and comparative analysis, grouping and generalization) selected in accordance with the goals and objectives of the study as well as information publicly available on the official websites of the ROSINFRA platform and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation.

Results. Comparative analysis of foreign and national practices in the public-private partnership market makes it possible to identify a number of potential initiatives, including a new approach to the examination of infrastructure projects and proposals for attracting additional investment resources to the public-private partnership market. Adaptation of foreign competencies to the Russian public private partnership market will drive the transformation of the current PPP project model in Russia.

Conclusions. Analysis of methods used by the G20 to assess and implement infrastructure projects based on public-private partnership makes it possible to formulate potential initiatives and proposals for improving approaches to the implementation of infrastructure projects based on public-private partnership in the Russian market and to determine the development vector for the national infrastructure project model.
The language in language and thinking
Authors: Cook Vivian
Published: January 2021

The relationship of language and thinking is starting to receive considerable attention in the field of SLA research under the name of Bilingual Cognition. This paper argues that it needs to be underpinned by a proper foundation in the language side of the relationship: it is dangerous to take language for granted. First it argues for researchers to clearly spell out what they mean by language, whether as the general property of human beings, in an abstract sense, as an external reality, as mental knowledge, as social community or as action, each of which has different implications for the relationship of language and cognition. Then it argues for the Language Commitment to an adequate theory and description of language as a basis for research, claiming that current emphasis is too much on isolate semantic categories rather than syntactic categories and on word-referent mapping rather than the full complexity of lexical meaning.
“When being specific is not enough”: Discrepancies between L2 learners’ perception of definiteness and its linguistic definition
Authors: Kim Sugene
Published: January 2021

This paper explores the sources of difficulties that second language (L2) learners encounter when using English articles. Eighty-four Korean college students completed a forced-choice elicitation task before and after receiving instruction on article use and provided written accounts of article choices. The analysis of the task performance and written accounts indicated the participants’ noticeable tendency to prioritize specificity over definiteness, resulting in the overuse of the with specific indefinites. Not infrequently, the participants estimated a “nonspecificity hierarchy” for nonspecific definites, often leading to the infelicitous use of a(n). The overuse of the with modified noun phrases suggests that L2 learners attempt to construe semantic context (i.e., ±definite) on the basis of the syntactic structure. Furthermore, the participants’ correct use of a(n) for singular count indefinites sometimes stemmed from assuming the number of a target noun to be single rather than considering its multiple existence and, thus, its indefinite nature. These findings underline the necessity of teaching the specificity feature to indicate to learners that (1) English articles are prototypical realizations of encoding definiteness, which requires the mutual identifiability of a unique referent, and (2) specificity, which presupposes identifiability assumed by the writer/speaker alone, is not marked by articles in English.
Leggere Istanbul
Authors: Maraucci Tina
Published: January 2021

Using the metaphor of the city-text, the volume investigates in a comparative perspective the representations of Istanbul in the works of two pairs of authors: Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar/Orhan Pamuk and Yaşar Kemal/Latife Tekin. The notions of memory and language provide the main hermeneutical cyphers in the analysis of each urban poetics, considered respectively as attempts of (re)writing and translation of mnesic and cultural text of the city in the literary space of high national culture. Moving from the centre to periphery, such an itinerary aims to highlight the intimate relationship between forms of aesthetical appropriation of urban space-time and (de)construction processes of Turkish national canon.
CORRELATION OF CREATINE KINASE AND MYOGLOBIN CONCENTRATIONS IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM DEBILITATED CONDITIONS RELATED TO MYOPATHIES
Authors: Mahmood Alam Junaid , Imran Farooqui Sumaira , Hussain Amna
Published: January 2021

The present study describes the determination of a possible correlation
between CK and myoglobin levels, in addition to the hypothesis that increase in
myoglobin concentrations may precede changes in CK levels in patients
suffering from myopathies.
The inclusion period for this cohort study was from December 2005 to December
2007. Patients who met the laid down and referred criteria were eligible for the
study, which includes patients aged > 20 years to < 75 years (both gender) and
had a diagnosis of myopathies as per description. Standard protocols were
followed for blood samples collection and estimation of aldolase, CK AST, ALT,
CK and myoglobin levels. Regression correlations were determined and results
were compared as per R2 and significance level P < 0.05.
A total of 48 patients were included in the study, males = 32 (66.66%) and
females = 16 (33.33%). Except for both CK and myoglobin, the rest of the
enzymatic components were not found to be linearly correlated showing R2
factor less than 0.0012. Notably CK and myoglobin levels, when plotted through
regression, were leading with exceptional correlation, with R2 0.491 for total
patients, R2 0.512 for males and 0.532 for females.
It was suggested that by combining both CK and myoglobin estimation in
patients with myopathies especially dermatomyositis or polymyositis, it provides
better overall impression of muscle damage and related conditions.
Correlation of CK and Mb levels in myopathies.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Mehdi Kazmi Syed Abid
Published: January 2021

In 1995, Ziauddin University was established with a vision to promote the advancement of knowledge in health sciences
through excellence in teaching, research, and public service. The institution focuses on developing competence, personal
fulfillment and leadership in the students towards their professions. The purpose behind the establishment of this university is
also to provide Community-Based-Education (CBE) in order to enhance health education and the promotion of healthy
lifestyles in populations from all socio-economic stratums of Pakistan. The university encourages research based projects and
practices relevant to national and community needs. Alongside Medicine, Dentistry and others, Rehabilitation Sciences has
emerged as an essential component in the field of health sciences.
THE FREQUENCY OF ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Rafi Dr. Mohammad Sohail , Ahmed Siddiqui Iqbal , Hamidi Khurram , Mujahid Faruq Nabiha
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
To find out adhesive capsulitis patients in diabetes mellitus patients.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
STUDY SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS
Patients with diabetes mellitus from Ziauddin university hospital Clifton Karachi were included. 325 diabetic patients in which 81 patients were diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis.
SAMPLE SIZE
A Sample size of 325 patients was selected.
SUBJECTS
170 men and 155 women aged between 40 to 79 years were selected.
RESULT
Frequency of shoulder adhesive capsulitis was 24.9% among diabetic subjects.
CONCLUSION
Adhesive capsulitis are under recognized in adult diabetic patients occurring in 18% of the cases. Physicians should consider examining the periarticular region of the joints in the hands and shoulders whenever a diabetic patient presents with musculoskeletal symptoms.
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING DECISION OF YOUNG ADULTS TO STUDY ABROAD
Authors: Karim Ali Nisha , Ali Amrita
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of the study is to identify and describe the most persistent psychosocial factors that influence young adults of Karachi to take up the decision of studying abroad.

STUDY DESIGN

It was a cross sectional study. Respondents of the study were young adults currently abroad or planning to go abroad for higher studies from Karachi, ages ranging between 18 to 30 years. In this regard, a closed ended questionnaire was made on Likert scale. Non probability convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data with the sampling size of 170 students.

RESULTS

Out of 170 participants, the majority were male which counted to 117, whereas female participants were only 53. From the mean of all the independent variables, it was found that factors affecting quality of life is the most persistent, having M=3.36 with ±0.718 SD among all that encourage young adults to take decision to study abroad. For future research, comparative analysis can be done to find the reasoning behind young adults those who are applying and those who are not for higher education abroad.

CONCLUSION

The three highlighted issues, which became focus of this study includes quality of education, social & personal factors, and quality of life. In this study it is also concluded that quality of life is the focal point for most of the young adults of Karachi.
المتكلمون في المهد – دراسة في ضوء التعبير النبوي
Authors: ضاحي الجنابي د. عبد الكريم محمد خلف
Published: January 2021

يتحدث هذا البحث عن ستة من الأطفال تكلموا في مهدهم ذكرهم التعبير النبوي على صاحبه أفضل الصلاة والسلام ، فتم رصد هذه الأحاديث التي ذكرتهم واستخراج الرابط الموضوعي الذي يربطها بشبكة من العلاقات الجمالية ، وكذلك التطرق للحديث عن الجوانب التركيبية والتعبيرية ، والتي أضفت على هذه الأحاديث مجتمعة أداءً فنياً متميزا جاء بأسلوب بديع اُختير بعناية فائقة ، ثم ختم البحث بالحديث عن التصوير الفني في قصص هؤلاء الأطفال ، والذي أسهم بدوره في رسم لوحة متكاملة نابضة بالحياة جعلت المتلقي يستشعر أحداث هؤلاء الأطفال وكأنه عاش أدق تفاصيلها ، وهذه هي الميزات الربانية التي حباها الله نبيه الكريم صلى الله عليه وسلم .
A Survey of Internet of Things
Authors:   School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Dhoot Anshita
Published: January 2021

The growing era of technology through the internet, Internet of Things (i.e. IoT) has a powerful and strong industrial system that provides an opportunity to grow and applications to use ubiquitously. Its applications use sensor, wireless, mobile and RFID technology devices. In recent years IoT applications are enhancing to being deployed as well as developed. The IoT promises to have a great future era of the Internet uses that involves machine-to-machine communication. It helps to enable the sensor network as well as technologies, even IoT got involved in our day-to-day routine such that it supports to control and to monitor a human being's mundane by providing mobile access, remotely. Undoubtedly, remote access is the incredible feature of the IoT which has been given to this world. The main objective of IoT is to provide remotely accessible at low-cost that too by often visits through electronic devices. This paper presents the maximum possibilities of challenges, applications, security issues and techniques of IoT.
Modified Methods of Circuit Simulation of Radio Engineering Devices in The Time Domain
Authors:   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Dolin Georgy A. , Kudryashova Anastasiya Y. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics
Published: January 2021

Today, different modeling methods are used for computer analysis of circuits of radio engineering devices (RED) in the time and frequency domains. The article provides a comparison and highlights the features of using the methods of nodal potentials and variable states. Developed methods of optimization of electrical circuits and discusses the possibility of calculating the margin of stability when changing the parameters of the circuit elements and the search of critical parameter values; theoretically and experimentally confirmed the advantages of using MEAs in the analysis of RED; proposed and implemented ways to eliminate the major disadvantages of the IPU; expanded and improved methods for obtaining the mathematical model of the circuit; the mathematical method allows to obtain the characteristic polynomial of a circuit without calculating its transfer function; the developed block for processing parameters of electrical circuit elements using scaling coefficients can significantly improve the accuracy of calculations; the use of speed-optimized algorithms makes it possible to analyze fairly complex circuits on a medium-performance PC. Developed software allows to analyze a wide class of linear, linearized, and nonlinear circuits for the RED, containing the active elements. The analysis of real electrical circuits proves the validity of all the proposed methods.
Physical modeling of metamatereals on the basis of the flat spiral coil
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev - KAI, Idiatullov Z.R. ,   German-Russian Institute of Advanced Technologies (GRIAT), Ahmetov I.I. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev - KAI,   German-Russian Institute of Advanced Technologies (GRIAT), Fatyhov M.M. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev - KAI,   German-Russian Institute of Advanced Technologies (GRIAT), Spiridonov S.V. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev - KAI,   German-Russian Institute of Advanced Technologies (GRIAT), Lerner I.M. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev - KAI,   German-Russian Institute of Advanced Technologies (GRIAT)
Published: January 2021

In this work, the problems of physical modeling of metamaterials based on flat spiral coils with different geometric shapes were considered. The main parameters of the structures metamaterial modeling, methods of creation, as well as their unique properties are considered. As a result of physical modeling, structures were obtained that model the metamaterial with different values of dimensions and parameters. On the basis of the experimental data, the best variant of the geometric shape of the structure element was determined, based on the highest transmission coefficient.
ANALYSIS OF THE BRAIN COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY RESULTS USING THE CONVENTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors:   University of Xinjiang, Wang Ji , Voronov V.I. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics
Published: January 2021

Advances in technology are making health research increasingly complex. Artificial intelligence is widely used in this research. Convolutional neural networks are one of the most common and optimal algorithms for working with images. Image recognition results are used to analyze the results of medical examinations of patients. The subject of the research – analysis of the human brain computed tomography results using a convolutional neural network based on the Keras library.
THE CHOICE OF OBJECTIVES AND EVALUATION CRITERIA WHEN CONDUCTING THE AUDIT OF EFFICIENCY OF USE OF PUBLIC FUNDS
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Audit and Corporate Reporting, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, DVORETSKAYA V. V. , PROKOPOVICH A. A. ,   Student, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2021

New guidelines of social and economic development of Russia determine specific goals and specific expected results, the achievement of which requires a significant increase in the efficiency of economic management in the country. This has influenced on the further development of the activities of the Accounts Chamber of Russia, which along with a financial audit aimed at verifying the legitimacy of budget funds expenditures, began additionally examining the results of the activities of executive authorities through an audit of the effectiveness usage of the budget funds. The article assesses the quality of the goals set and the selected criteria for assessing the effectiveness in conducting an audit of the effectiveness usage of the budget funds of the Accounts Chamber of Russia.
Memory Politics in the Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Pavlaković Vjeran
Published: January 2021

This article provides an overview of some of the most prevalent topics in post-Yugoslav memory politics as well as on some of the scholars working on these issues, focusing on the commemorative practices of the Second World War and the wars of the 1990s. Thirty years after the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia’s disintegration, the discourse of post-war memory politics continues to dominate nearly all of the successor states, even though two of them have seemingly left the past behind to join the European Union. While the wars of the 1990s created an entirely new memoryscape in the region, they also radically transformed the way in which each country commemorated the Second World War. Although the article examines in-depth the collective remembrance of sites of memory, such as Jasenovac, Bleiburg, and Knin, trends across the broader region are also addressed. The work of young scholars, as well as experienced researchers, who have introduced innovative approaches in memory studies in the former Yugoslavia, is highlighted to show how new studies focus on the cultural reproduction of dominant narratives in addition to top-down political discourse.
Study of the Influence of Education and Literation of Entrepreneurship in Vocational High Schools: Indonesian Case
Authors: Yohana Corry , Dania Rizki Firdausi Rachma , Prihandono Dorojatun
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to explain the factors that influence of entrepreneurship education and entrepeneurship literacy of vocational students (SMK). A paper based on research on 1,440 vocational grade XI students in 12 provinces in Indonesia obtained through random techniques, in the sense that each student has the same opportunity. Primary data collection is done through the distribution of questionnaires to students and analyzed by SEM techniques through the help of the Lisrel program version 8.70. The study found that the variables of school management, the role of teachers, teaching factories, and community participation had a positive influence on supporting facilities variables and entrepreneurship education variables. Facility support itself has a positive effect on entrepreneurship education, furthermore it has a positive effect on students' entrepreneurial literacy. On the other hand, external cooperation indicators contribute the strongest value for the school management variable, competent educator indicators of the teacher role variable, production training in the factory teaching variable, production marketing assistance in the community participation variable, and capital assistance information in the supporting facilities variable. In the entrepreneurship education variable, the indicator that contributes the strongest value is the identification of business prospects, while the entrepeneurship literacy variable is an indicator of business creativity. The implication is that entrepreneurship education efforts need to pay more attention to the above influence variables as well as indicators that have the effect strength of each variable.

 

Received: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020/ Published: 17 January 2021
Eradicating Gender-Based Violence against Female-Intimate Partner in Pakistan: A Theoretical Framework from Islamic Philosophy
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Rafiq Aayesha , Yousufi Musab , Sheikh Muhammad Kashif
Published: January 2021

Gender-based violence has been an enormous family and social issue in human history. Not a single country or nation is free from domestic violence and abuse against women. In particular, violence against female-intimate partner has become an endemic social issue at an alarming rate in Pakistan. Generally, it is regarded as a personal family matter and has become widely spread in the urban and rural areas of the country. Traditionally, women have to bear discrimination, subjugation, and violence in the daily routine that is grounded in the misuse of tribal traditions, social customs, and cultural norms. However, there is little focus on its assessment, intervention, prevention, and strategic solutions in the country. The present research tends to discuss violence issues relating to female-intimate partner in the Pakistani context. The findings identify that certain factors promote violence while Islamic philosophy suggests preventative measures and eradication strategies for violation and brutality against female-intimate partner. The study employs an analytical methodology using content analysis to review textual data of the Qur’an, Hadith, reports, and articles. The study approaches the issue differently from an Islamic theoretical framework and would be imperative for practical application in the protection and care of female-intimate partner in Pakistani society.

 

Received: 15 October 2020 / Accepted: 23 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2020
Employees Retention Strategy and its Impact on Organizational Memory: An Exploratory Research for the opinion of Faculty Members at Private Colleges on Baghdad
Authors: Hussein Abbas Mohammed , Taher Majeed Hameed , Hameed Luma Majid
Published: January 2021

The research aims to determine the impact of employees’ retention strategy on organizational memory. This research is historical, descriptive, and analytical. The sample consists of 158 faculty members in five private colleges in Baghdad. The technique used to analyze the data is SEM (Structural Equation Modeling), and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The research concludes that the employees retaining strategy plays a vital role in retaining employees and hence maintains organizational memory. The findings and recommendations of this research assure the administrations of private colleges that employees retention strategy play a vital role in retaining its employee and hence maintains organizational memory. This research differs from the previous researches in that it has not examined the reasons for leaving employees or the turnover, but looking for the reasons that inspire employees to remain in the organization. This research suggests that employees’ retention strategy helps the organization retain its employees, and as a consequence, maintaining organizational memory.

 

Received: 21 September 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
Principles of Social Integration in the Constitution of Medina
Authors: Embong Zaleha , Muslim Nazri , Musa Nik Yusri , Mohamed Amaal Fadhlini , Jusoh Lina Mastura
Published: January 2021

A diverse community often faces social conflicts. This can lead to issues such as discrimination, fights, wars, oppression, and so on. Social integration plays an important role in achieving harmony in a society. The Constitution of Medina enacted by the Prophet SAW succeeded in managing a plural society until Medina became a country with social cohesion. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyse the principles of social cohesion that exist in the Constitution of Medina. This study uses data collection methods through library research and in-depth interviews. Meanwhile, the content analysis method is then used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that the Prophet SAW succeeded in forming social cohesion in a plural society through the Clauses contained in the Constitution of Medina. A plural society is recognized as an ummah and has a cooperative relationship and a spirit of belonging in defending Medina from external threats.

 

Received: 22 October 2020 / Accepted: 12 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
Estado responsable y participacion en la seguridad ciudadana en América Latina
Authors: Guerrero Aray Kleber Gabriel , Balseca Macías Paola Estefanía , Guerrero Aray Gabriela Rosana
Published: January 2021

América Latina es considera como una de regiones más violentas e inseguras en el planeta, y ello obedece a falta de acceso a servicios básicos y pobreza extrema sobre todo en países, como: Brasil, Colombia, México y Venezuela; esto se debe a la deficiencia del sistema penal, lo cual coarta las posibilidades de desarrollo en esos países. Ante esto, los Estados en la región han recurrido a nuevos enfoques de seguridad basados en las personas, eficacia de procesos policiales en materia de seguridad ciudadana. De allí que se describe al Estado responsable y la participación ciudadana en la seguridad ciudadana, desde las perspectivas de Muggah (2017, 2018), Mockus (2005) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (2012), entre otros. Para ello se acudió a la revisión bibliográfica y documental sobre los elementos de la gobernanza, retos estatales, así como los actores sociales y políticos intervinientes. Se concluye que América Latina requiere de la intervención mancomunada del Estado responsable y la participación ciudadana, para la ejecución de programas de seguridad ciudadana y empoderamiento social e institucionalmente de prevención y control de la delincuencia desde el ámbito local y en la región.
Representações sociais de adolescentes e jovens acerca da relação sexual e do uso do preservativo
Authors: Dala Bruno A. P.
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo visa conhecer as Representações Sociais sobre relação sexual e uso de preservativo em adolescentes e jovens. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico a Teoria dimensional ou processual de Denise Jodelet (2001) e Moscovici (2007), a Teoria do Núcleo Central de Jean-Claude Abric (2001) e a Teoria Societal de Willem Doise (2002). Utilizou-se a pesquisa quali-quantitativa de carácter exploratória. A amostra foi não-probabilística por conveniência constituída por 79 estudantes de duas escolas públicas. Os participantes responderam a um questionário e a um Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras com três estímulos indutores: sexo, sexo sem camisinha e sexo com camisinha. O dados foram tratados com auxílio do software IBM SPSS Statistic e openEvoc 0.84. A análise dos resultados mostrou que os adolescentes e jovens relacionam sexo com prazer, intimidade e amor e o não uso do preservativo com perigo, gravidez, doença, HIV. Concluíu-se que os adolescentes e jovens possuem informações sobre os perigos do não uso do preservativo, porém, para eles o uso de preservativo diminui o prazer sexual.
Par dažām verba formām Ērģemes izloksnē un tās apkaimē
Authors: Daina Anete
Published: January 2021

This article pays attention to the supine forms and future tense of the verb with a vowel -ī- between the root and future suffix, and to those 1st conjugation verbs that don’t have s, z, t, d at the end of the root (e.g., nākt, mirt, dzimt). These forms of sub-dialect of Ērģeme and its close area – Turna and Strenči – have been registered as sporadic, but recent observations of the usage of these forms make to review the materials once more, question informants, and focus more on these forms’ usage and distribution in a wider area, also comparing new findings with the materials from the Atlas of the Latvian Dialects. In the result, it was concluded that these verb forms are spread throughout the sub-dialects studied, especially the future tense of the verb with a vowel -ī- between the root and future suffix, and to those 1st conjugation verbs that don’t have s, z, t, d at the end of the root. Less often, the use of supine forms was registered, although speakers of the Ērģeme sub-dialect recognize that this form is not unusual and it is used.
Лексическая неоднозначность в экспериментальных исследованиях: метаанализ
Authors: Дубасова Анжелика
Published: January 2021

The article analyses experimental studies of lexical ambiguity (polysemy and homonymy). In total, 42 papers published between 1981 and 2017 were selected for analysis.
Selected works were analyzed from the point of view of a) interaction of the main factors of lexical ambiguity resolution (meaning dominance and context), b) modularity/interactivity of language systems. The choice of these issues was caused by the fact that, despite a significant number of papers addressing them, a common theoretical model of lexical ambiguity resolution is still missing.
The analysis concluded that none of the existing models could be chosen as the only true one. I believe that it is more promising to combine all models into one; in this case, we should not talk about “models” but about “algorithms” or “strategies”. This merge is compatible with the results of studies of hemispheric asymmetry, which showed that the right and left hemispheres differently process ambiguous words. This difference is projected on the difference between the two main points of view on language processing, interactive and modular.
Also, as a result of the analysis, the properties of meaning dominance and context as the main factors influencing the perception of ambiguity are summarized, and the ways and possibilities of their interaction are determined. These factors can participate in the process of resolving ambiguity autonomously or together, with different functions, speed, and levels of perception.
Lietvārdi latviešu metālmūzikas tekstos
Authors: Gusāns Ingars
Published: January 2021

Traditionally, metal music is characterised by quality, but in recent years different computer programmes and tools have increasingly been used to help one to analyze texts from a quantitative perspective. The aim of this research is to identify and describe the most common nouns in the Latvian metal music lyrics from a lexico-semantic point of view. The subject of the study – band lyrics in Latvian. Main source: Encyclopaedia Metallum (www.metal-archives.com), which is the largest metal music web resource. The subject of the study is metal band lyrics in Latvian from January 2008 to December 2019, which can be found in full-length CD or digital albums.
Since many albums have come out in English or other languages, only 136 songs with Latvian lyrics were found. The AntConc programme identified the presence of 4761 words and word forms and a total of 14231 units.
Overall, it can be concluded that the most common words, both in metal music lyrics and in the referential corpora (LVK2018), are auxiliary words and pronouns that do not show a specific notion of the character of this music style. The author of this research found and analysed nouns with the highest frequency appearing in the lyrics of at least three songs, which could also become keywords.
Among the 12 commonly used nouns, seven lexemes – death, blood, spirit, night, end, earth and sky – reflect the lyrical sounds of metal music and these word forms are not common in the reference corpora, thus allowing them to be identified as keywords in the metal music lyrics. A contextual view allows us to see the characteristics of metal music in the applications of the rest of the word forms – land, time, world, eyes, sun and heart.
Latvijas reģionu nosaukumi lietuviešu valodā
Authors: Kvašīte Regīna
Published: January 2021

The aim of the research is to find out the rendering and usage of Latvian names of regions, singled out according to various criteria, in the Lithuanian language. Dictionaries, encyclopaedias, press issues, and information for tourists published in Latvia and other non-artistic texts, both written in Lithuanian or Latvian and translated into Lithuanian, were chosen as sources for the investigation.
The names of the five regions of Latvia, Kurzeme, Latgale, Sēlija, Vidzeme, Zemgale, are characteristic of a quite diverse rendering and usage in the Lithuanian language. Systematically (and synchronically) assessing, the priority in giving a Latvian name of the region of Kurzeme the equivalent in Lithuanian Kuržemė as having a particular tradition of usage would be emphasised. However, recently, the growing popularity of the place name Kuršas in both historical and contemporary contexts is observed. Traditional and wide-spread equivalents are used in the following cases: the place name Vidzeme is rendered as Vidžemė and Latgale as Latgala; moreover, the usage of a Lithuanian equivalent Sėla being close to the name of the Latvian territory is suitable. A region of Southern Latvia, Zemgale, is most often named Žiemgala in Lithuanian. Nevertheless, in rare cases, other instances of the usage of these names, not always correct, were observed.
The comparison of the names of regions demonstrates that the rendering of Latvian place names in Lithuanian is changing in both dictionaries and texts. Moreover, it is observed that it is difficult to render a Latvian word novads in Lithuanian since it is used as both a synonym of a borrowing reģions and a name of a territorial administrative division (in a colloquial meaning, the Lithuanian equivalent nuovadas would be suitable).
Lukas Schlogl and Andy Sumner, Disrupted Development and the Future of Inequality in the Age of Automation.
Authors: Mahsud Mehrbano Mahsud , Hussain Wahid Hussain , Khayyam Dr. Umer Khayyam*
Published: January 2021

Disrupted Development and the Future of Inequality in the Age of Automation scrutinise the impact of automation in both the developed and developing countries. This emerging trend of automation has taken over the globe terming it as ‘robot reserve army’ affecting the economy with premature de-industrialisation. This book, unlike other books in the domain, notably by Girasa (2020), Goldfarb et. al., (2019), and Bernhardt and Thomason (2018), focuses on the most recent trend in mushroom growth of automation that result in national inequality, besides proposing the ways how to tackle this social strain in terms of public policy. The authors have introduced the book quoting a World Bank report (2016) that automation has contrived almost two-thirds of the developing countries' current labour force. Likewise, they have also quoted several international agencies global reports on employment prospects towards weakening the labour force. The majority of the reports focus on high-income growth countries, neglecting the developing countries whose progress remains understudied. The book sets in motion with contemporary economic development in the developing world, discussing the three economic theories: (neo-)Classical and neoSchumpeterian school. According to the first two (classical and neo-classical) schools; market equilibrium is determined through supply and demand where manufacturing sectors are portrayed as inconsequential. In contrast to this, neoSchumpeterian school of thought explains; how the market is self-regulating, where manufacturing sectors do matter. These thoughts, according to Rodrik (2016), could be the turning points for developing countries, provided technological capacity as of developed nations. Further, the book presents that the absorptive capacity of labour in poor countries is low that hinders the transfer of labour towards high productivity sectors. Likewise, excess natural resources’ export is also portrayed as negatively impacting the structural transformation, limiting the labour force. These issues, are found to be factors limiting the economic growth rate in the underdeveloped regions like, Latin America, studies like McMillan and Rodrick (2011).
Contribution Rates of Psychological Skills in Learning Some Basic Handball Skills in Secondary School Students
Authors: Fadhiltailb Sabbar Aljanabi
Published: January 2021

The research aims to identify ;the contribution rates of psychological skills (the ability to visualize, theability to relax, the ability to focus attention, the ability to face anxiety, self-confidence, motivation of sportsachievement) in learning the basic skills of handball (passing and receiving skill, skill jumping, skill Themain sample size was ( 65 secondary school students in the Republic of Iraq.The researcher connected thatthere is a relationship and contribution rates for psychological skills (ability to visualize, relaxation ability,ability to focus attention, ability).On the face of anxiety, th Self-Ge, sports achievement motivation) to learnsome basic handball skills (skill Altmrerwalastelam, Harrah's Altntit, skill correction).
Morphological and Histological Study on Thyroid Gland Toxicity in Male Rats Exposed to Mercury
Authors: Sawsan A. Ali
Published: January 2021

The present study investigated the effect of heavy metals (Mercury chloride) on the morphological andhistological feature of the thyroid gland. Rattus norvegicus male rats were selected for experimental use.the rats given doses of Hg salts (3mg/kg, Ip.3times weekly for 4 week) admin is tration alteredthe body weight, thyroid weight, length and width of thyroid gland. Morphologically, the thyroid glandwas consisted of two labs of reddish brown in color, the lobes were located on ventral Lateral side oftrachea connected caudally with isthmus. While the thyroid gland treated rats recorded changes in color(pale), swollen and enlarged. histologically, the architectural cellular structure gland of the thyroid glandof exposed rats recorded variations in the follicular thyroid, congested blood vessels and depletion of parafollicular cells in the rats treated to Hg in a comparison to that of the control rats. This signify that animalsexposed to Hg could at a risk of thyroid gland.
Knowledge of Nurses Concerning Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Prevention in Mosul Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Ahmed Ali Hussein
Published: January 2021

Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is one of the popular Intensive Care Units (ICUs)nosocomial infections with a prevalence rate of ten to seventy percent. The frequency of VAP is abouttwenty percent. Lack of awareness of VAP standards and the low quality of nursing practice can become abarrier to preventing VAP.Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge of nurses concerning VAP prevention inMosul teaching Hospitals.Material and Method: A descriptive design study was used to assess knowledge and sources of knowledgeamong nurses about VAP prevention. From Mosul Teaching Hospitals picked 200 respondents workingin different intensive care areas (ICU, CCU, NICU, and PICU) as a sample for the current study usingthe accidental sampling approach. Aquestionnaire developed for nurses have been updated and revised forthe purpose of the study. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability and passed for use in thepresent study. Using Microsoft Excel, data coding, entry, cleaning, and analysis were done, and results werepresented using standard frequency distribution tables.Results: In relation to Sociodemographic data of the studied sample is shown in Table 1. The average ageof nurses was founded (26.13 ± 4.25) years, and (62.7 %) had a diploma in nursing (secondary schools).Also, the mean experience period was (7.31 ± 3.81) years. The study found that (67%) of Nurses had poorknowledge about pneumonia and VAP. The highest (86%) of nurse’s little knowledge was gained throughtheir practice of nursing in Mosul hospital.Conclusion: Multieducational and training courses and programs need for nurses to improve their knowledgeabout prevention of VAP and may decrease Pneumonia associated with Ventilator among patients wereconcluded in current study.
Integration and Synchronization of Population Policies Through Grand Design Population Development in Indonesia
Authors: Lutfi Agus Salim
Published: January 2021

The problem of population in Indonesia is complex. Population policy in the era of decentralization is still notintegrated and sustainable. Grand Design of Population Development is a guideline for population-orientedpolicies, strategies and development programs, which contains important current population issues, desiredpopulation conditions, population development programs, population development roadmaps coveringpopulation quantity control, quality development population, family development, spatial planning andpopulation regulation and population administration development. Approach Grand Design of PopulationDevelopment can influencing policy and responsive policy towards population dynamics. With the GrandDesign of Population Development, a region can prepare itself to welcome the demographic bonus that canbe done through improving human quality. Human development as an effort to develop capability the abilityof human self, which contains four elements, namely productivity, equity, sustainability and empowerment.The roadmap set out in Grand Design of Population Development will be implemented on an ongoing basisto improve human quality, reflected in the increasing Human Development Index.
Performance and Perception of First MBBS Students Towards Simultaneous One Sitting Web Based Assessment for Introductory Topics in Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry
Authors: Sudakshina Chakrabarti
Published: January 2021

Web-based formative assessment tools have become widely recognized education as valuable resourcesfor self-directed learning. Introducing Google forms for simultaneous assessment of first year subjects inMBBS students is a time saving acceptable approach.Objectives: To introduce a simultaneous online web based assessment tool (Google forms) for first yearMBBS students.To evaluate the perception and attitude of the first MBBS students towards the assessment tool (Googleforms).Method: 122 first year medical students were informed about an simultaneous one sitting test 4 days priorfor the introductory topics in Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry. A web page link was shared with thestudents in their google account and student were asked to reply to the 45 questions asked in the googleform. The performance of the students were analyzed in the spread sheet. After completion of the test studentwere asked to fill 20 questions feedback form each questions were based on Likert scale to evaluate theirattitude and perception towards the online assessment of Anatomy, Physiology and biochemistry at a singlesitting. The feedback questionnaire was analyzed.Results: On analyzing the feedback questionnaire it was shown 75 % of students felt answering in googleforms are fairer and 65% felt its better than pen and paper assessment. 79% of the students had trust ingoogle forms as they felt cheating cannot be easily done in this tool. 68% of the students felt marking is moreaccurate in this tool. On analyzing the performance of the students it is seen, 61.4 % of the students wereabove 50% of the total score out of which 27.04% of the students scored more than 75% . Only 16% of thestudents were below the 25% of total score.This study thus showed, students were interested in using the new tool in assessing their knowledge and theytoo wanted to use the link for revising their subject in future..