bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manejo da síndrome do olho vermelho: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Jung Vidigal Correa Arthur , Gomes Luana , De Lima Rodrigues Thiago , Fernandes da Silva João Vitor
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma varredura da literatura médica vigente sobre a síndrome do olho vermelho. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa utilizando como base de dados a BVS, a SciELO, o LILACS e o PubMed, nos últimos 5 anos. Foram avaliados 41 artigos sobre o tema com ênfase em uma síntese dos conhecimentos mais recentes e de maior consistência científica. A Síndrome do Olho Vermelho é uma queixa comum na prática ambulatorial. Uma pequena porcentagem de pacientes com olhos vermelhos precisa de encaminhamento e tratamento oftalmológicos urgentes, embora a grande maioria possa ser tratada pelo médico generalista. Conclui-se que o quadro de olho vermelho é uma queixa extremamente comum na prática clínica.  Existem poucos dados epidemiológicos sobre o olho vermelho, mas a conjuntivite é provavelmente a causa mais comum de olho vermelho na comunidade, mas também podem ocorrer várias condições mais graves.
Diagnóstico e tratamento da otite média aguda: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Bernegozzi Bessa Vinicius , De Almeida Andrade Pereira Lucca , Vieira Carneiro Mendonça Ana Laura , Valadares de Oliveira Letícia , De Andrade Lays , Carrijo Cunha Camara João Pedro , Garcia Munhoz Bárbara , Calmon Parreira de Souza Arraes Gabriel , De Tarso Evangelista Vieira Bruno , Rodrigues Cotini Marina , Brandão Malheiros Almeida Lizandra , Pires de Oliveira Santos Maria
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar os aspectos clínicos dos cuidados pré-operatórios realizada nos últimos cinco anos. Revisão integrativa no banco de dados da BVS, LILACS, SciELO, PubMed de trabalhos publicados entre 2020 e 2024, combinando os descritores "otite média aguda", "diagnóstico" e "tratamento" ao descritor booleano "AND". Conclui-se que A otite média aguda é infecção bacteriana ou viral da orelha média, geralmente acompanhando infecção do trato respiratório superior. Os sintomas incluem otalgia, muitas vezes associada aos sintomas sistêmicos, especialmente em pessoas muito jovens. O diagnóstico baseia-se na otoscopia. O tratamento é feito com analgésicos e, às vezes, antibióticos.
Abordagens atuais para o diagnóstico e tratamento da artrite reumatóide
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Ribeiro Victoria Régia , Rolins Costa Luis Fernando , Carvalho Rezende Maria Eduarda , De Oliveira Bessa Felipe , Moreira Queiroz Sarah , Almeida Pinto de Araújo Leila , Frando Bueno Karina , Rufino Nunes José Eduardo , Sales Montenegro Luana , Pimenta Ribeiro Izabelle , Oliveira Macedo Lima Joana Clara , Nogueira de Sousa Anne Mykaelly
Published: August 2024

Este artigo visa revisar as abordagens atuais para o diagnóstico e tratamento da artrite reumatóide, utilizando a base de dados PubMed com os termos "Artrite reumatoide", "Diagnóstico" e "Tratamento farmacológico". Os resultados demonstram que os avanços nas tecnologias de diagnóstico e tratamento têm promovido melhorias substanciais na detecção precoce e no manejo da doença. Novas técnicas de imagem, como ultrassonografia de alta resolução e ressonância magnética, permitem uma visualização detalhada das alterações articulares e inflamações subclínicas. O emprego de biomarcadores, como o fator reumatoide e os anticorpos anti-peptídeos cíclicos, tem aumentado a precisão diagnóstica e possibilitado tratamentos mais personalizados. Adicionalmente, a introdução de novos medicamentos, incluindo agentes biológicos e DMARDs, tem se mostrado eficaz na redução dos sintomas e na prevenção de danos articulares. No entanto, desafios persistem, como a necessidade de monitoramento contínuo da eficácia dos tratamentos e a gestão dos efeitos colaterais a longo prazo. Apesar dos resultados promissores dos novos tratamentos, a variação na resposta dos pacientes e os possíveis efeitos adversos requerem uma abordagem cuidadosa e individualizada. Em resumo, embora os progressos no diagnóstico e tratamento da artrite reumatóide sejam notáveis, é fundamental continuar a pesquisa e a vigilância para assegurar a eficácia e a segurança a longo prazo.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DAS MENINGITES NO BRASIL (2018-2023)
Authors: De Melo Filho Edson Ricardo , Ferreira da Silva Antônio Gabriel , Barretto Teixeira de Freitas Iasmin , Cardoso Oliveira Silva João Alexandre , Fontes Julieinnie , Nunes Ferraz Sheila
Published: August 2024

Introdução: A meningite é uma doença infecciosa que afeta as meninges, podendo ser viral, bacteriana ou não infecciosa. Causada principalmente por enterovírus e bactérias como Neisseria meningitidis, a transmissão ocorre via gotículas respiratórias. Os sintomas incluem febre, cefaleia e rigidez de nuca, com diagnóstico feito por análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano. Complicações como surdez e déficits cognitivos podem ocorrer, especialmente em crianças. A letalidade varia de 3 a 19%. No Brasil, todos os casos são de notificação compulsória devido à sua gravidade e custos em saúde pública. Por isso, estudos epidemiológicos, são essenciais para entender o perfil desta doença. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar e analisar o perfil epidemiológico das meningites no território brasileiro, no período de 2018 a 2023. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo, de caráter descritivo, sobre casos de meningite no Brasil e regiões, com dados obtidos do SINAN, entre 2018 e 2023. As variáveis de interesse foram: ano e mês do 1º sintoma, unidade federativa, faixa etária, sexo, raça/cor, escolaridade, gestante, etiologia, sorogrupo, critério de confirmação e evolução dos casos.  Resultados: No período de 2018 a 2023 foram registrados 63.259 casos de meningites. Durante 2018 a 2021 e 2022 a 2023 houve um decréscimo nos números de casos notificados. Entretanto, de 2021 para 2022 houve um aumento significativo nos casos de meningites. Além disso, verificou-se também muitos casos relatados como ignorados ou branco no que tange o sorogrupo relatado. Conclusão: Constatou-se que os indivíduos mais acometidos por meningite são do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 1 a 4 anos, brancos, por causa viral. Os moradores da região sudeste do Brasil também tiveram uma incidência mais alta. Os meses de Março e Outubro foram os meses de maior prevalência. Em geral, os casos relatados das meningites mostraram cursar com uma boa evolução, evoluindo, em grande maioria, com alta.
BRICS Policy Agenda, Partnership and Cooperation
Authors: Zondi Siphamandla
Published: August 2024

In 2024, the BRICS diplomacy under the chairship of Russia is focused on partnership and cooperation in three key tracks - politics and security, the economy and finance, and cultural and humanitarian ties. Through some 250 events and meetings culminating in the BRICS Summit in Kazan in 22-24 October, the BRICS hopes to expand the range of activities it must undertake to make advances practically in policy areas in these three tracks. This year also marks the full participation of the five new members of BRICS (Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates) in the whole year of discussion leading the summit and the content of the declaration to be adopted about what steps the BRICS countries agree to undertaken to implement their decisions. The developments of the year can be viewed on the website: https://brics-russia2024.ru/en/.
Modern Diplomacy and the Changing Nature of International Politics in the 21st Century
Authors: Oosthuizen Marc E.
Published: August 2024

International politics have become more complex since the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s, and consequently, it confuses traditional diplomats.[i] This intricacy is because the post-Cold War international era requires diplomacy to move from being foremost about high politics such as security, military and geopolitical issues to incorporating a wider and growing scope of issues outside of a state’s national borders like migration, gender, global warming, desertification and diseases. Not only are these novel policy themes an indication of how diplomacy’s agenda is growing, but they also indicate that an increasing number of participating stakeholders must be included in contemporary diplomatic practice.[ii] To further scrutinise the phenomena driving change and influencing modern diplomacy, the research utilises specific and relevant international political issues such as post-Cold War international politics, the hegemonic decline of the US, the rise of China, the problems in the Middle East, nuclear disarmament, climate change, Globalisation, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), the COVID-19 pandemic and diplomatic inflation.
 
1) Haynes 2011, 5-6, 8; Stern 2015; Spies 2019a, 42-43.
[ii]) Haynes 2011, 8; Sharp 1999, 33; Spies 2019a, 42-43.
The Multilateral Integration of Blockchain, Ethical Packet Sniffing and AI for Cybersecurity in BRICS Countries
Authors: Mbalaka Blessing
Published: August 2024

This policy brief proposes that the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa) should plan and coordinate on ways to mitigate cybersecurity risks on a multilateral level. The BRICS countries are ideal for such a meta-governance mechanism which could coordinate toward the circumvention of some cyber risks. This Policy brief proposes that there should be an integration of blockchain technologies, packet sniffing technologies and AI detection tools to help mitigate emerging cybersecurity risks. The policy brief outlines the risks and challenges prevalent in this current climate, whilst also proposing potential remedies sourced from rigorous academic studies. The precise amendments include the synthesised mechanism of blockchain-based internet registries, packet sniffing technologies AI verification tools and capacity building to aid in the mitigation of cybersecurity risks. In 2007, a cyber-attack in Brazil plunged more than 3 million people into darkness. Cyberattacks collectively cost the BRICS countries $50.3bn in 2013. These funds could have been reinvested into the economy. BRICS needs the rapid technological integration of cyber-crime mitigation tools, tools which this policy brief will outline.
El monopolio de la delincuencia en los totalitarismos: un instrumento para el ejercicio del poder
Authors: Favio Osorio Leonardo
Published: August 2024

Desentrañar los mecanismos de funcionamiento de los regímenes totalitarios es muy complejo, debido a que se trata de sistemas altamente eficaces de control y dominación que no hacen uso de medios convencionales. Eso implica diferentes medios para ejercer la violencia y el terror, que opera bajo una lógica de delincuencia organizada e instrumentalizada a través del Estado. Para explicar esas singularidades, se emplea una nueva categoría denominada monopolio de la delincuencia, que expresa una forma de ejercer el poder en el cual es el Estado quien roba, extorsiona, maltrata, secuestra y asesina a una población vulnerada en sus derechos elementales. Para dar contenido y analizar el significado del monopolio de la delincuencia en el totalitarismo, se realiza una discusión sobre la materia con base en la teoría política. Se concluye que el monopolio de la delincuencia va más allá del monopolio legítimo de la violencia en los Estados modernos, es una forma de control totalitario donde el Estado comete diferentes tipos de crímenes contra la población con el fin de lograr la paz totalitaria, y muestra altos niveles de resiliencia y capacidad de fortalecerse en medio de las crisis, esto se evidencia actualmente en el caso del Estado venezolano en el que ha habido una fusión entre la delincuencia organizada con el gobierno para el control de la población.
LETRAMENTO DIGITAL E AS COMPETÊNCIAS DIGITAIS NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Geverson Oliver de Assis Oliveira  , Emanuele Paula Lopes Cavalcanti  , Hellen Matildes Rodrigues Sá Silva  , Osvaldo Luís Barbosa Costa  , Ana Alice de Rezende Fonseca Theobald  , Claison Maldonado das Neves  , Edilson Carvalho de Sousa Junior  , Francisco Rosa da Rocha
Published: August 2024

Este estudo explorou a importância do letramento digital e das competências digitais na educação contemporânea, adotando uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa exploratória com treze professores de uma escola pública brasileira. Os resultados das entrevistas revelaram percepções variadas sobre o impacto da tecnologia no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, destacando sua capacidade de aumentar o engajamento dos alunos através de recursos interativos. Os professores enfatizaram a necessidade de preparar os alunos não apenas para o uso técnico das tecnologias, mas também para avaliar criticamente informações online e participar de forma ética na sociedade digital. Além disso, identificaram desafios significativos, como a disparidade no acesso às tecnologias digitais, sublinhando a urgência de políticas que promovam a inclusão e a equidade no ambiente escolar. Em conclusão, este estudo ressalta a importância de um ensino que não só incorpore tecnologias digitais de maneira eficaz, mas também desenvolva competências essenciais para preparar os alunos para os desafios de um mundo digitalizado e dinâmico.
OVERCOMING OBSTACLES: ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES IN COMBATING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN
Authors: Hanna Nadia B. Amasol
Published: August 2024

Since women and children are often the main victims because of their vulnerability and inability to stand against people in situations of positions of power, violence against women and their children, or VAWC, is a growing concern in communities. In order to protect women's and children's rights, the R.A. No. 9262 or the Violence Against Women and Their Children Act was passed in 2004. educates women about their rights and protects children from abuse in any form in the Philippines.
Using a qualitative method, this study concentrates on in-depth interviews with participants in VAWC programs, such as Philippine National Police (PNP), barangay officials, and civilians. The objective is to evaluate the impact of these programs in preventing and lessening violence against women and children and to make recommendations for how to make them better.
It's important to recognize the challenges facing programs that seek to prevent violence against women and children since it makes it easier to determine the ineffective aspects of the programs. By being aware of these challenges, we can develop strategies to enhance the programs and increase the effectiveness of safeguarding sensitive persons. Additionally, it guarantees more complete satisfaction of the requirements of women and children and a wise utilization of resources.
KEYWORDS: Violence Against Women and Children Act of 2004, Philippine National Police, Violence, Republic Act 9262, Programs
3D-printed variable stiffness tissue scaffolds for potential meniscus repair
Authors: A. Murphy Caroline , Serafin Aleksandra , Fatih Cengiz Ibrahim , L. Reis Rui , Miguel Oliveira Joaquim , N. Collins Maurice
Published: August 2024

The treatment of meniscus injuries has recently shifted toward the field of tissue engineering (TE). In this work, bovine menisci were characterized, and the regionally-dependent mechanical properties were analyzed. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology was employed to produce a scaffold that mimicked the mechanical properties of the meniscus. A polycaprolactone (PCL) meniscus scaffold was 3D printed, allowing for the deposition of fibers mimicking the internal architecture of the native meniscus, while achieving regional and variable mechanical stiffness, varying from 2.74 to 0.88 MPa. The PCL scaffold was infiltrated with extracellular matrix (ECM)-like hydrogels composed of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), and subsequently freeze-dried. Human mesenchymal stem cells were seeded onto the scaffolds, and the infiltrated cells were observed to produce ECM components of the native meniscus. Collagen and GAGs production was successfully established. The synthesis of a new matrix reportedly enhances the mechanical properties of the hydrogel over time. Additionally, the circumferential PCL fibers within the scaffold guided the newly synthesized matrix, facilitating replication of the native tissue structure. These results indicate that the ECM-infiltrated 3D-printed PCL scaffold is a promising solution for meniscus repair.
Bioprinted keratinocyte and stem cell laden constructs for skin tissue engineering
Authors: Bettendorf Eva , Schmid Rafael , E. Horch Raymund , Kengelbach-Weigand Annika , Kulike Yvonne , Schrüfer Stefan , W. Schubert Dirk , Lamberger Zan , Stahlhut Philipp , Lang Gregor , A. Sörgel Celena
Published: August 2024

Treating large-scale skin wounds continues to be a significant therapeutic challenge. Oftentimes, insufficient autologous material is available to achieve full coverage. Since biofabrication offers the chance of reproducible and precise large-scale production, the aim was to develop a customized 3D bioprinted skin construct containing immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes and ADSC to test the principal feasibility of this approach. Keratinocytes in different hydrogels containing varying concentrations of alginate, fibrin, collagen, gelatin, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and hyaluronic acid as well as on a prefabricated collagen-elastin-matrix were cultured for a period of seven days. The metabolic activity of cultured keratinocytes was then evaluated during the co-cultivation of HaCaT and ADSC in a transwell model. The metabolic activity in all groups increased over the test period. The hydrogels containing alginate/hyaluronic acid/gelatin (Alg/HA/Gel) and GelMA demonstrated a good printability and the highest diffusion rates. There was no significant difference in pore size when comparing all hydrogels with each other. On the basis of the performed printability and diffusion assays as well as on the SEM analysis and rheological measurements Alg/HA/Gel and GelMA were chosen as hydrogels for the bioprinted 3D model. Fibrin hydrogel was integrated into the biofabricated constructs due to its excellent metabolic activity in the transwell model. As a second step, hydrogel stability, cell survival and metabolic activity in bioprinted 3D models containing keratinocytes and ADSC were evaluated over a period of 14 days. On day 14 the metabolic activity as well as the live cell count within the bioprinted constructs of the cocultured groups was significantly higher compared with day 1. The biofabricated constructs made of GelMA showed a higher cell viability compared with those made of Alg/HA/Gel. Additionally, to evaluate the cell migration out of the constructs, the metabolic activity and viability of the cells on the well bottom, was examined. After 14 days, an average of 50% of the well bottom was covered by HaCaT, which were initially printed in coculture into the constructs. These findings indicate that constructs made of GelMA containing keratinocytes and ADSC may offer a promising therapeutic option in the treatment of large chronic wounds.
'Sich hingeben' und 'Abholen' - Von der Forschungsmethode zum didaktischen Prinzip
Authors: Füglister Peter
Published: August 2024

Die folgenden Ausführungen stehen unter einer zweifachen Zielsetzung: Am Beispiel des Projekts „Alltagstheorien" sollen das Zusammenspiel von Forschung und Lehre und die Befruchtung des Unterrichts durch eine ausbildungsnahe Forschung aufgezeigt werden. In inhaltlicher Hinsicht erläutert der Aufsatz die forschungsmethodische und didaktische Bedeutung des Prinzips des Abholens und gibt Hinweise für dessen Anwendung in einer Lehrerbildung, die sich an der von den Auszubildenden reflektierten eigenen Unterrichtspraxis orientiert.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE DIFFERENT BIODIESELS’ BLENDS ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Authors:   Egerton University, Faculty of Engineering, Kibiwot V.N. , Nyaanga D.M. , Njue M.R. , Owino G.O.
Published: August 2024

Internal combustion (IC) compression ignition (CI) engines running on diesel, play a dominant role of today’s economies, particularly in the agriculture and transport sectors. However, because of diesel associated concerns greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, coupled with depletion of its reserves together and fluctuations in prices, the biodiesel has gained popularity as a promising alternative fuel. Unfortunately, engines running on biodiesel are associated with decreased power output, poor fuel atomization and increased nitrogen oxides emissions. Biodiesels have been blended with diesel to improve on its properties, however, it has been a difficult to obtain the best blending level, since they are sourced from a variety of vegetable oils whose fuel parameters and interactions differ considerably, causing variation in their combustion processes. Thus, the research aimed to investigate the effects of biodiesels’ blends with diesel on engine performance parameters. Five biodiesels from waste vegetable oil, canola, sunflower, oleander, and coconut oil were characterized and blended with diesel at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% by volume. The blends were tested in a 3.5 kW CI engine at maximum speeds and loads. Experiments indicated the biodiesel blends lead to reduced lower heating value, increased density and kinematic viscosity compared to diesel. The blends resulted into increased fuel consumption and nitrogen oxides, while, reducing on brake thermal efficiency and carbon monoxide emissions.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL SOLAR EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS
Authors:   Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Egerton University, Mugwaneza E , Nyaanga D.M. ,   Department of Agricultural Engineering, Egerton University, Wafula N. W.
Published: August 2024

Evaporative cooling systems have many advantages over refrigeration systems, such as not necessarily requiring connection to the national grid, not using refrigerants that emit ozone-depleting substances into the environment, and can be constructed from locally available materials. However, little information on incorporating desiccant as an air preconditioning component to increase the performance of these coolers is available. In this regard, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of three cooling systems: an evaporative cooler with a silica gel desiccant component (desiccant cooler), an evaporative cooler without desiccant (desiccant-free cooler), and an evaporative charcoal cooler (charcoal cooler). Dry and wet bulb temperatures and relative humidity were recorded during the experiment and used to determine the cooling efficiencies of the systems; temperature drops; and humidity increases, which are used as performance indicators. Results demonstrate a significant (P<0.05) impact of the coolers on all analysed parameters. The desiccant cooler achieved the highest cooling efficiency at 87.2%, followed by the charcoal cooler at 79.3%, and the desiccant-free cooler at 67.2%. Temperature reduction was most pronounced in the desiccant cooler (3.7°C), followed by the charcoal cooler (3.2°C) and the desiccant-free cooler (2.8°C). Relative humidity levels increased by 30.7%, 23%, and 26.1% in the desiccant, desiccant-free, and charcoal coolers, respectively. Importantly, the evaporative cooler with desiccant operated without ozone-depleting refrigerants and utilized solar energy, offering an environmentally friendly solution. Its capacity to provide appropriate storage conditions for a wide range of fruits and vegetables makes it particularly beneficial for farmers lacking access to adequate cooling storage facilities, enabling them to preserve their produce effectively.
RICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND EFFICIENCY DIFFERENTIALS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Obisesan O. O , Ogundele O. O , Akintayo J.O
Published: August 2024

The techniques of rice processing determine output optimization and level of efficiency of processors. This study was carried out to augment the dearth of knowledge of efficiency differentials of rice processing techniques in Nigeria. Analytical approaches include descriptive statistics and Data Envelopment Analysis-(DEA) which were used in analysing information from 410 rice processors in Nigeria. Index of processing techniques was traditional-techniques-(trad=<0.2-0.39); traditional and modern-Techniques-(trad-modern=0.40-0.79) and Purely Modern-Techniques-(purely-modern=>0.79). The results showed overall, 20.4%, 65.7% and 13.9% used Trad, Trad-modern and Purely-modern techniques of processing, respectively. Technical Efficiency (TE) was 0.4±0.3, 0.5±0.6 and 0.8±0.9 for trad, trad-modern and purely-modern techniques, respectively. Allocative Efficiency (AE) was 0.4, 0.6 and 0.9; while Economic Efficiency (EE) was 0.8, 0.3, 0.2. The TE differentials for trad-techniques relative to purely-modern and trad-modern techniques were 0.45 and 0.11, respectively. The AE differentials for trad-techniques relative to purely-modern techniques and trad-modern techniques was 0.01, while EE differentials for trad-techniques relative to the other two techniques was 0.6. The study shows rice processing in Nigeria exhibits a range of outcomes based on techniques used. While traditional methods persist due to their low cost, larger processors are increasingly adopting trad-modern and purely-modern techniques to improve efficiency and product quality. Addressing the efficiency differentials in rice processing requires a comprehensive approach, including investments in technology, infrastructure, and skill development to foster food security in Nigeria. These findings therefore challenge the notion that traditional-modern and purely modern techniques are less technically efficient than traditional techniques in rice processing.
SIMULATION OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF STREAM FLOW TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN NJORO RIVER CATCHMENT, KENYA
Authors:   College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, China, Amisi E. O. , Kundu P. M. , Wambua R. M. ,   World Bank Center of Excellence in Sustainable Agriculture and Agribusiness Management (CESAAM), Egerton University, Nakuru 20100, Kenya,   Department of Agricultural Engineering, Egerton University, Nakuru, County, Kenya,   Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui County, Kenya
Published: August 2024

Climate variability continues to alter hydrological regimes and the response of many catchments globally thus threatening water security. Njoro River Catchment has not been an exception. There is a steady recognition of climate variability and adverse influences like deterioration of ecosystems, surface, and groundwater sources. Therefore, the study focused on modelling the impact of climate variability on the spatial and temporal distribution of stream flow in the Njoro River Catchment, Kenya. Modelling of stream flow response to climate variability using SWAT was carried out based on USGS/NASA downloaded Digital Elevation Model, FAO soil data, Landsat (MSS 1-5) LULC of 1978, and meteorological data for the period (1978 - 2017). Simulation of spatial and temporal impacts of climate variability was then carried out. Based on the analysis, SUFI-2 algorithm results revealed that the most sensitive parameter in Njoro River Catchment is SCS curve number for antecedent moisture condition (II) (CN2), ranked according to the highest sensitivity tested at p < 0.05. The least sensitive parameter is maximum canopy storage (CANMX). Overall uncertainty analysis results showed a good performance value of P-factor (0.72) and R-factor (0.38), which indicated that SWAT reproduced the dynamics of the catchment hydrologic response relatively well. The values of R2, NSE, and PBIAS for calibration and validation of monthly stream flow were 0.88 and 0.77, 0.86 and 0.74, and 5.51 % and -15.42 % respectively. From the spatio-temporal impacts of climate variability on hydrologic variables, actual evapotranspiration increased by about 5.6 %, 3 %, and 6.62 % in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th decades. Surface runoff decreased in the 2nd decade by 34.56 % and increased by 4.55 % and 34.02 % in the 3rd and 4th decades. Annual water yield decreased in the 2nd decade by 29.69 % and increased by 4.25 % and 60.18 % in the 3rd and 4th decades respectively. On average, stream flow reduced by 30.91 % in the 2nd decade and increased by 5.47 % and 63.63 % in the 3rd and 4th decades respectively. These findings provide pertinent insights, which may perhaps enlighten decision-making in designing adaptable mitigation measures, catchment rehabilitation, and strategic initiatives for the integrated management of water resources.
Meat and fat qualities of pigs of different breeds
Authors: Birta Gabriella , Burhu Yuriy , Soloviov Anatoliy , Onyshchuk Anatoliy , Matiushenko Hryhoriy
Published: August 2024

Objective. Study of meat and fat qualities of pigs of different genotypes. The research was conducted on young large white and Poltava meat breeds. Methods. General scientific, interdisciplinary, analytical, zootechnical, physical and chemical. During the fattening period, such indicators as live weight gain and feed consumption per unit of gain, the age of reaching live weight of 100 kg are taken into account. The content of meat, fat and bones in the carcasses, as well as the chemical composition and physical properties of the meat were determined. Results. Observations showed that the average daily increase in the live weight of animals of large white breed during fattening was 690 g, the payment of fodder was 4.22 fodder. unit Young animals reached a live weight of 100 kg in 182 days. Animals of the Poltava meat breed, respectively, 720 g of average daily gain, 3.95 feed. unit and the time to reach a live weight of 100 kg - 170 days. Pigs of the Poltava meat breed surpassed the young of the large white breed in terms of carcass length (by 6.3 cm, or 7.2 %), the weight of the rear third of the half carcass (by 0.75 kg, or 6.6 %) and had thinner (by 5 mm, or 15 %) spigot, evenly distributed along the entire length of the half-carcass. This, in turn, led to a higher yield of the most nutritionally valuable parts ofpork (bone, loin, brisket). The meat of animals of the Poltava meat breed was a little more tender, since it took 35 % less effort to cut its standard sample than the meat of pigs of the large white breed. The meat of pigs of a large white breed was characterized by less boiling and more intensive coloring. The most pronounced were interbreed differences in the chemical composition of pork dishes prepared in different ways. Boiled large white pork contained more moisture (by 3.65 %) and fat (by 4.15 %), but less protein (by 1.1 %). The same pattern was observed in the chemical composition of fried pork. Conclusions. The obtained research results allow us to state that the fleshiness of pig carcasses is a breed, hereditarily determined trait that can be improved by breeding methods. Feeding and housing conditions also affect the productive qualities of pigs, however, their different genotypes react differently and to different degrees to the influence of environmental factors. Keywords: breed, live weight, pork, half carcass length, meat quality, tenderness, chemical composition.
Assimilation of feed nutrients by Pietren breed pigs depending on their sex
Authors: Zinoviev Serhiy , Akimov Oleksandr
Published: August 2024

Each breed and type of pig is characterized by its unique complex of biological properties. In addition, pigs of different sexes realize their genetic potential to a different extent. Therefore, research aimed at optimizing the feeding rations of different sex-age groups in pigs of meat genotypes, namely the Pietren breed, depending on their sex, is relevant. Objective. To determine the efficiency of assimilation offeed nutrients by pigs of the Pietren breed, depending on their gender. Methods. The research was conducted in the conditions of the physiological yard of the Institute of Pig Breeding and AIP of the NAAS on 12 pigs with an average weight of 65 kg, namely 6 boars and 6 gilts, which were divided into two groups. Selected average samples of feed and excrement were studied in the laboratory offeeding, physiology and animal health of Institute of Pig Breeding and AIP NAAS. The biochemical composition of the blood of experimental young pigs was investigated using commercial kits from the company "Filisit Diagnostics" Ukraine. Results. It was established that the coefficients of digestibility of nutrients offeed for Pietren pigs do not significantly depend on their gender. However, there is a tendency for 3.05 % better digestibility of mineral substances in piglets. Piglets have better digestibility o f fiber and crude protein, respectively, by 19.20 % and 2.65 %. The average daily balance of Nitrogen and Magnesium did not differ significantly. As for the average daily balance of Calcium and Phosphorus, the excretion of these elements with feces and urine in boars was somewhat less, and it was retained in the body, accordingly, slightly more, but due to the rather significant variability of the indicators, no probable difference between the groups was detected. It was found that the content of Calcium, probably by 17.87 % (р<0.05), and Phosphorus by 9.7%, was higher in the blood of guinea pigs. The content of total protein in the blood plasma of wild boars was probably (p<0.05) higher by 12.5 %, creatinine was probably (p<0.05) higher by 10.44 %, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase was probably (p<0.05) higher by 10.34 %. Conclusions. It was established that the coefficients of digestibility of nutrients offeedfor Pietren pigs do not significantly depend on their gender. However, the analysis of hematological indicators of blood can indicate a higher level of metabolism in boars. Keywords: guinea pigs, pigs, Pietren breed, digestibility coefficient, nutrients, sex, feed, hematological indicators.
İlkokul Dördüncü Sınıf Matematik Dersi Öğretim Programı’nın Öğretmen Görüşlerine Göre Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Selamet Cumhur Sancaktar , Gürlen Eda
Published: August 2024

Araştırmada, uygulanmakta olan İlkokul 4. Sınıf Matematik Dersi Öğretim Programı’nın değerlendirilmesi ve programın geliştirilmesine ilişkin olarak birtakım öneriler sunmak amacıyla, İlkokul 4. Sınıf Matematik Dersi Öğretim Programı Stufflebeam’in CIPP program değerlendirme modeline göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda sınıf öğretmenlerinin İlkokul 4. Sınıf Matematik Dersi Öğretim Programı’nın bağlam, girdi, süreç ve ürün boyutlarına ilişkin görüşlerini ortaya çıkarmak üzere nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu İstanbul Beylikdüzü’nde devlet okulunda görev yapmakta olan 12 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Görüşme formunda CIPP program değerlendirme modelinin dört alt boyutuna ilişkin toplam 14 açık uçlu soru bulunmaktadır. Görüşme formu ile elde edilen verilerin yorumlanmasında içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, bağlam boyutunda, öğrencilerin problem çözme becerilerini geliştirecek, günlük hayatta kullanılabilir nitelikte olması gerektiği, girdi boyutunda, ders kitaplarının eğlenceli içeriklere sahip olması durumunda öğrenmeleri üzerinde olumlu etki ettiği, süreç boyutunda, programın yoğunluğuna göre ayrılan zamanın yetersiz olduğu ve ürün boyutunda ise programın problem çözme becerilerine katkı sağladığını, zihinsel beceriler ve akıl yürütme becerilerine olumlu fayda sağladığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada, gelecekte ortaya çıkabilecek öğrenci ihtiyaçlarına cevap verebilecek nitelikte bir program hazırlanması, kaynakların öğrencilerin konuya ilişkin günlük hayatta kullanacağı örneklere yer verilecek şekilde yeniden düzenlenmesi, haftalık ders programında matematik dersine ayrılan sürenin arttırılması, farklı ülkelerde uygulanan matematik öğretim programı ile aynı sınıf seviyesinde ülkemizde uygulanan matematik programı karşılaştırılması yapılarak olumlu katkı sağlayabilecek unsurların programa dahil edilmesi için önerilerinde bulunulabilir.
Öğretmenlerin Uyguladıkları İyi Davranış Oyununun Özel Eğitim Okullarındaki Öğrencilerin Sınıf-İçi Davranışlarına Etkisi
Authors: Dayı Eylem , Köselioğlu Dilek
Published: August 2024

Bu araştırmada özel eğitim uygulama okulunun ilkokul kademesinde bulunan zihinsel yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin sınıf içi davranışları üzerinde öğretmenlerin uyguladıkları “İyi Davranış Oyunu”nun (İDO) etkililiği incelenmiştir. Araştırmada tek denekli araştırma modellerinden katılımcılar arası yoklama denemeli çoklu yoklama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına (MEB) bağlı bir özel eğitim uygulama okulunda çalışan altı sınıf öğretmeni ile bu öğretmenlerin zihinsel yetersizliği olan öğrencileridir. Sınıf öğretmenlerine araştırmacılar tarafından “İDO Öğretmen Eğitimi Paketi” uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada başlama düzeyi ve İDO uygulama oturumlarından elde edilen veriler grafiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın etkililik bulguları, sınıfların birinci öğretmenlerinin uyguladıkları İDO’nun zihinsel yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin etkinlik dışı davranışlarının azalmasında ve etkinlik içi davranışlarının artmasında/güçlenmesinde etkili olduğu izlenimini vermektedir. Uygulamayı yapan öğretmenlerden toplanan sosyal geçerlik verileri de İDO’nun etkili ve uygulaması kolay bir sınıf yönetimi stratejisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgular doğrultusunda MEB hizmet içi öğretmen eğitimi konuları arasına İDO’nun alınması ve farklı öğrenci gruplarıyla uzun vadeli ileri araştırmalar yapılması önerilmektedir.
Ruh Sağlığı Çalışanlarının Psikolojik Danışma Kuram Belirleme Sorunlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Güllü Ali
Published: August 2024

Ruh sağlığı alanında eğitsel, mesleki ve kişisel-sosyal alanda hizmet verilmektedir. Özellikle kişisel-sosyal alanda verilen hizmetlerde bir psikolojik danışma kuramını yol gösterici olarak temel alma gerekliliği söz konudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ruh sağlığı alanında çalışma hayatına başlayan alan çalışanlarının terapi sürecinde temel aldıkları psikolojik danışma kuramlarını belirleyerek lisans eğitimleri sürecinde içerik bakımından zenginleştirilmesi veya seçmeli ders olarak açılması gereken psikolojik danışma kuramlarının belirlenmesine katkı sağlayacak çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir. Bu çalışmayla ruh sağlığı alanında çalışanların psikolojik danışma kuram tercihleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmaya ruh sağlığı alanında bir kuruluşta çalışan 370 rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık programı ve psikoloji lisans programı mezunu katılmıştır. Veriler, ruh sağlığı alanı çalışanlarının üye olduğu sosyal medya ve iletişim platformlarında Google dokümanı olarak hazırlanan anket paylaşımı yoluyla ve gönüllülük esasına göre ankete katılanlardan mesleğini hâlihazırda yapanların cevaplarından elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre, bilişsel davranışçı, çözüm odaklı, eklektik ve birey merkezli modellerin en çok tercih edilen psikolojik danışma kuramları olduğu, kuramların sıralamasında küçük değişiklikler olsa da mezun olunan program ve çalışılan kuruma göre bu dört psikolojik danışma modelinin aynı kaldığı bulunmuştur. Bulgular tartışılmış ve araştırmacılara ve program yapıcılara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Diversidad e Inclusión. Una mirada desde la educación
Authors: Porto Castro Ana Mª
Published: August 2024

En la actualidad uno de los grandes retos de la educación es garantizar la inclusión y el acceso igualitario de todas las personas a ella. Este libro tiene como eje central la atención a la diversidad y la inclusión educativa, en cualquiera de los niveles de la educación. En el texto se recogen las contribuciones de diversos autores y autoras que abordan esta temática desde diferentes perspectivas y enfoques, ofreciendo aportaciones tanto teóricas como empíricas fruto del análisis, la reflexión y la investigación.
Desiring Solidarity with Doctoral Students: Ethnographic Fragments from Women Supervisors
Authors: Grant Barbara M.
Published: August 2024

Abstract Doctoral supervising (advising) is an asymmetrical but institutionally mandated power relation in which supervisors’ and students’ interests apparently converge. In fact, those interests often, and necessarily, diverge. Nevertheless, women academics
in an ethnographic study of doctoral supervising, hailed at least in part by feminist critiques of institutional power, talked in many different ways about their desires for solidarity with their students. Engaging with elements of feminist thought about solidarity, in particular María
Puig de la Bellacasa’s formulation of “committed attachments”, this paper closely reads two detailed memory-stories of supervising work. The view of supervisor solidarity that emerges through connecting the theoretical elements and the memory-stories is one of momentary affinities
in the middle of things rather than any kind of purposive trajectory towards institutional transformation. My argument is that, despite its imperfections, this commitment to small acts of solidarity in the present not only makes the daily life of higher education more liveable for self and
others but also thickens possibilities for institutional change going forward.
Death by a Thousand Cuts: A Microsociology of How University Administration Stifles Solidarity
Authors: Dymitrow Mirek , Brauer René
Published: August 2024

Abstract This paper investigates how university administration influences solidarity in collaborative research and impact generation. We understand solidarity as the main stratum that makes higher education institutions function, as not to be swamped by their own complexity.
Through autoethnographic case study on research impact evidencing and generation from an administrative perspective, we analyse bureaucratic dynamics that hinder solidarity formation by using Michael Lipsky's Street-Level Bureaucrats framework. We uncover how procedural issues, language barriers,
and network dynamics hinder solidarity formation. We argue that rigid adherence to bureaucratic protocols and insensitivity to academic realities disconnect administrators from academics, impeding collaboration. We emphasize the importance of personal motivations in fostering collaborative
environments. Our findings underscore the need for a paradigm shift toward balancing community welfare and individual well-being within academic institutions. By acknowledging administrative system biases and fostering mutual respect, we can mitigate solidarity erosion and enhance collaborative
research for societal benefit.
Assessment of the Traditional Processing Methods in the Reduction of Aflatoxin Levels in Maize and Maize Products in Kenya
Authors: Kirui Clara C. , Mewa Eunice A. , Imungi Jaspher K.
Published: August 2024

Aflatoxins are fungal secondary toxic metabolites produced predominantly by certain strains of the Aspergillus molds. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Kenyan traditional processing methods in reduction of aflatoxin in maize. The traditional methods used included; alkaline cooking using Magadi soda and maize cob ash, decortication by pounding wet maize with mortar and pestle, dehulling in mechanical mill and exposure to solar radiation. Standardization of alkali cooking was done before actual treatment of the contaminated samples. Naturally contaminated samples of maize were sampled and used in the experiment. Aflatoxin analysis before and after each of the treatments was done using ELISA method and total aflatoxins expressed in parts per billion (ppb) (dry weight basis). The results were subjected to statistical analysis at 5% significance levels (p≤0.05). The reduction of aflatoxin was found to be highest when maize was boiled in maize cob ash solution which resulted in loss of aflatoxin from 83.1±0.3 ppb to 7.0±3.9 ppb. Dry decortication reduced aflatoxin from 51.3±15.3 to 9.6±0.8 ppb, boiling in Magadi soda led to a drop from 59.5±3.818 ppb to 13.4±0.424 ppb, solar irradiation caused a drop from 60.8±1.8 ppb to 13.7±0.1 ppb and pounding in Magadi soda resulted in least loss of aflatoxin from 81.5±0.3 to 72.7±0.2ppb. Aflatoxin loss in all the treatments was significant except for dry decortication. Only dry decortication and boiling in maize cob ash solution brought down the aflatoxin levels to below the maximum allowable limit as set by the Kenya Bureau of Standards (10ppb)
The ‘Self’ of Hearing-Impaired Learners and their Transition from Primary to Post-Primary Education in Uganda
Authors: Ssebyanzi Bonaventure Wasswa , Ocheng Mary Kagoire
Published: August 2024

In Uganda, post-primary education is one of the milestones in a child’s education. It is characterized by many challenges, particularly faced by learners with hearing impairments attempting to transition from primary to post-primary level. The transition has long been recognized as one of the most challenging issues for learners with hearing impairments, yet it has not been resolved by impeccable empirical scrutiny. This quagmire prompted the researcher to use a phenomenological investigation to explore the significant self-concepts affecting the learners’ transition from primary to post-primary studies. Interviews and group discussions with randomly selected learners who had joined and those who had failed to proceed to post-primary schools were involved. Also, corroborative views and opinions were obtained from preferred teachers and parents in interviews and discussions. It was discovered that the transition of learners with impaired hearing from primary to post-primary level was substantially influenced by family socioeconomic status, gender, age, health, and the learner’s cultural issues – validating the applicability of Schlossberg’s Theory of Transition to provide person-centered answers to transition deterrents, inhibiting the learners from joining and or staying in post-primary schools. It was recommended that self-advocacy training at the primary level be enhanced to help learners develop the skills they need for confidence growth in their abilities before, during and after the transition to post-primary educational institutions
Pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Likuiditas terhadap Opini Audit Going Concern
Authors: Zalikha Zalikha , Ariska Emalia , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Yusuf M
Published: August 2024

This research aims to find out how Profitability and Liquidity influence Going Concern Audit Opinions in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2021–2023 period. The population in this study are manufacturing companies in the Consumer Goods Industry sector listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2021–2023 period. Sampling was carried out using the Purposive Sampling method. The type of data used is secondary data. The results of this research show that the Profitability variable has a significant negative effect on the Going Concern Audit Opinion, while the Liquidity variable does not have a significant effect on the Going Concern Audit Opinion. However, the variables Profitability and Liquidity simultaneously have a significant effect on the Going Concern Audit Opinion.
Pengaruh Pajak, Mekanisme Bonus dan Tunneling Incentive terhadap Transfer Pricing
Authors: Rizanti Della Feby , Karlina Lilis
Published: August 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of taxes, bonus mechanisms and tunneling incentives on transfer pricing in industrial sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2018-2022 period. The total research population was 63 samples taken from 12 industrial sector companies over a 5 year period. industrial companies listed on the IDX using a purposive sampling method. Research data was analyzed using panel data regression analysis. This research obtained using Eviews 12 shows that the simultaneous variables of tax, bonus mechanism, and tunneling incentive have a significant effect on transfer pricing. Partially, taxes have a significant effect on transfer pricing, bonus mechanisms have a significant effect on transfer pricing, and Tunneling Incentive has a significant effect on transfer pricing.