bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using an artificial brain to interpret Adriatic surface currents
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: November 2011

Lying between the Italian peninsula and the northwestern Balkan nations, and separated from the Mediterranean Sea by the Strait of Otranto, the Adriatic Sea is largely cut off from global‐scale ocean circulation patterns. As a whole, the Adriatic has a permanent counterclockwise circulation, but in the shallow northern reaches, surface currents vary dramatically over short spans of time, with potentially dangerous consequences for maritime activity. To understand the primary drivers of the fluctuating surface currents, Mihanović et al. perform self‐organizing map (SOM) analysis—an emergent computational technique in oceanographic research—on data provided by three high‐frequency radar stations operating in the region. As a neural network technique, SOM analysis uses complex mathematical algorithms to train computers to pull patterns from jumbles of data, reducing complex multidimensional observations into simple visual maps. The approach is meant to emulate the learning abilities of biological brains.
New detail on auroral processes
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: November 2011

High‐resolution imaging from spacecraft is revealing new detail on structures in bright, dynamic auroras. In the auroral regions where particles are accelerated to high energies, dynamic structures evolve on time scales of seconds or less, although the processes that drive particle acceleration and transfer of energy to small scales are not fully understood. Chaston et al. show how new spaceborne auroral imagery combined with simultaneous particle measurements can help improve understanding of the physical processes involved in the aurora. In particular, they show how magnetic reconnection (in which magnetic field lines break and reconnect, releasing energy), tearing, and sheared flows can transfer energy from larger to smaller scales and help form the auroral structures observed. (Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2011GL049185, 2011)
Was ocean acidification responsible for history's greatest extinction?
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: November 2011

Two hundred fifty million years ago, the world suffered the greatest recorded extinction of all time. More than 90% of marine animals and a majority of terrestrial species disappeared, yet the cause of the Permian‐Triassic boundary (PTB) dieoff remains unknown. Various theories abound, with most focusing on rampant Siberian volcanism and its potential consequences: global warming, carbon dioxide poisoning, ocean acidification, or the severe drawdown of oceanic dissolved oxygen levels, also known as anoxia. To narrow the range of possible causes, Montenegro et al. ran climate simulations for PTB using the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model, a carbon cycle‐climate coupled general circulation model.
Using regional wind‐inducing circulation patterns to estimate future rainfall
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: November 2011

The complex connections that drive Earth's changing climate are most easily understood on a broad scale, where rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and shifting greenhouse gas concentrations can be examined through changes in the statistical average. Zooming in on the predictions of general circulation models (GCMs) to understand the consequences at local scales, however, is far more difficult, as regional anomalies drive the local climate away from the global norm. Modeling future precipitation at the watershed scale is a pressing challenge, hindered by the fact that regional interpretations tend to incorporate the biases of the larger GCMs on which they base their data. To improve understanding of regional precipitation in a changing climate,Bárdossy and Pegram developed a technique to translate GCM predictions into local forecasts while also correcting for some of the inherent bias.
Effects of Repeated Listening Experiences on the Recognition of Synthetic Speech by Individuals With Severe Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Koul Rajinder , Hester Kasey
Published: November 2011

Purpose

To examine the perception of synthetic speech by individuals with severe intellectual disabilities using a closed-response format task.

Method

Participants were 14 individuals with severe intellectual disabilities and a group of 14 typical individuals. A between-groups design was used to compare the performance of the 2 groups on word identification accuracy and word latency tasks. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures design.

Results

The results indicated that the performance of a group of individuals with severe intellectual disabilities was significantly poorer (
p
< .05) than that of typical individuals on the word identification task. Data analyzed for practice effects indicated that individuals with severe intellectual disabilities demonstrated a significant reduction (
p
< .01) in their word latency scores across sessions. Furthermore, there was an absence of significant effect (
p
> .01) of stimulus type (i.e., repeated vs. novel), indicating that individuals with intellectual disabilities are able to generalize their knowledge of the acoustic–phonetic properties of synthetic speech to novel stimuli.

Conclusions

This study indicates that persons with severe intellectual impairments become more proficient at recognizing synthetic speech as a result of repeated exposure to it. These results have significant clinical implications for people who use speech-generating devices.
Touching My Face with My Supernumerary Hand: A Cheeky Illusion
Authors: Davies Anne M Aimola , White Rebekah C
Published: November 2011

A self-touch paradigm elicits a surprising illusion. With the participant's eyes closed, the examiner guides the participant's right index finger to administer strokes and taps to the right side of the participant's face. At the same time, the examiner strokes and taps the corresponding location on the left side of the participant's face. Although the participant administered touch to only the right side of the face, this paradigm elicited the illusion of self-touch to both sides of the face, and the illusion often implicated a third, disconnected or disembodied, hand. We propose an explanation, and draw parallels with the phenomenon of supernumerary phantom limb.
Preference for Symmetry: Only on Mars?
Authors: Shepherd Kathrine , Bar Moshe
Published: November 2011

Preference for symmetry is a robust bias found throughout the animal kingdom. In humans, the bias for symmetry has been documented in numerous domains, including faces and visual patterns. The function of this potent aesthetic bias still eludes us, but prominent accounts focus on its role in mate selection and perceptual fluency. Previous studies have shown that both males and females find symmetrical faces to be more attractive, but here we show that the preference for symmetry in neutral stimuli (ie everyday and meaningless visual objects) is, on the other hand, unique to male participants. Our findings indicate that symmetry preference cannot be explained exclusively by perceptual or computational efficiency, because such an account is domain-independent yet females did not show any bias for the objects tested here. Further studies are needed to elucidate the utility of the male preference for visual object symmetry.
Visual Search in the Real World: Evidence for the Formation of Distractor Representations
Authors: Howard Christina J , Pharaon Raad G , Körner Christof , Smith Alastair D , Gilchrist Iain D
Published: November 2011

Visual search in the real world often requires that we search the same environment a number of times for different targets. What is the fate of information about fixated distractor objects during these searches? Here, participants searched the same array of real objects on a tabletop twice for two different targets successively whilst wearing a head-mounted eye-tracker. We found that fixating an object when it was a distractor in the first search facilitated search for that same object when it became the target in the second search. The results suggest that the location and identity of fixated distractor objects are represented to a level that guides subsequent searches, even when this information is not required at the time of fixation.
Energy management in sensor networks
Authors: Stankovic John A. , He Tian
Published: November 2011

This paper presents a holistic view of energy management in sensor networks. We first discuss hardware designs that support the life cycle of energy, namely: (i) energy harvesting, (ii) energy storage and (iii) energy consumption and control. Then, we discuss individual software designs that manage energy consumption in sensor networks. These energy-aware designs include media access control, routing, localization and time-synchronization. At the end of this paper, we present a case study of the VigilNet system to explain how to integrate various types of energy management techniques to achieve collaborative energy savings in a large-scale deployed military surveillance system.
FtsH proteases located in the plant chloroplast
Authors: Wagner Raik , Aigner Harald , Funk Christiane
Published: November 2011

FtsHs are a well‐characterized family of membrane bound proteases containing an AAA (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) and a Zn2+ metalloprotease domain. FtsH proteases are found in eubacteria, animals and plants and are known to have a crucial role in housekeeping proteolysis of membrane proteins. In Arabidopsis thaliana, 12 FtsH family members are present (FtsH 1–12) and their subcellular localization is restricted to mitochondria and chloroplasts. In addition, five genes coding for proteins homologous to FtsH (FtsHi 1–5) have been detected in the genome, lacking the conserved zinc‐binding motif HEXXH, which presumably renders them inactive for proteolysis. These inactive FtsHs as well as nine of the active FtsHs are thought to be localized in the chloroplast. In this article, we shortly summarize the recent findings on plastidic FtsH proteases in text and figures. We will mainly focus on FtsH 1, 2, 5 and 8 localized in the thylakoid membrane and known for their importance in photosynthesis.
Aerobic biotransformation of alkyl branched aromatic alkanoic naphthenic acids via two different pathways by a new isolate of Mycobacterium
Authors: Johnson Richard J. , West Charles E. , Swaih Aisha M. , Folwell Ben D. , Smith Ben E. , Rowland Steven J. , Whitby Corinne
Published: November 2011

Naphthenic acids (NAs) are complex mixtures of carboxylic acids found in weathered crude oils and oil sands, and are toxic, corrosive and persistent. However, little is known about the microorganisms and mechanisms involved in NA degradation. We isolated a sediment bacterium (designated strain IS2.3), with 100% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to Mycobacterium aurum, which degraded synthetic NAs (4′‐n‐butylphenyl)‐4‐butanoic acid (n‐BPBA) and (4′‐t‐butylphenyl)‐4‐butanoic acid (t‐BPBA). n‐BPBA was readily oxidized with almost complete degradation (96.8% ± 0.3) compared with t‐BPBA (77.8% ± 3.7 degraded) by day 49. Cell counts increased fourfold by day 14 but decreased after day 14 for both n‐ and t‐BPBA. At day 14, (4′‐butylphenyl)ethanoic acid (BPEA) metabolites were detected. Additional metabolites produced during t‐BPBA degradation were identified by mass spectrometry of derivatives as (4′‐carboxy‐t‐butylphenyl)‐4‐butanoic acid and (4′‐carboxy‐t‐butylphenyl)ethanoic acid; suggesting that strain IS2.3 used omega oxidation of t‐BPEA to oxidize the tert‐butyl side‐chain to produce (4′‐carboxy‐t‐butylphenyl)ethanoic acid, as the primary route for biodegradation. However, strain IS2.3 also produced this metabolite through initial omega oxidation of the tert‐butyl side‐chain of t‐BPBA, followed by beta‐oxidation of the alkanoic acid side‐chain. In conclusion, an isolate belonging to the genus Mycobacterium degraded highly branched aromatic NAs via two different pathways.
Fatigue rate of the external anal sphincter
Authors: Nockolds C. L. , Hosker G. L. , Kiff E. S.
Published: November 2011

Aim  Studies of skeletal muscle show that fatigue rate corresponds to the proportion of fast‐twitch and slow‐twitch fibres that are present in the muscle. Limited work has been done on the fatigue rate of the external anal sphincter. We have prospectively studied fatigability of the external anal sphincter in women with faecal incontinence and women with normal bowel control.

Method  Anorectal manometry was measured by a station‐pull technique using a water‐filled microballoon. Fatigue rate was calculated from anal pressure measurements taken every 0.1 s over a 20‐s squeeze.

Results  Women with faecal incontinence (n = 88, median −12 cmH2O/min) were less susceptible to fatigue than women with normal bowel control (n = 36, median −43 cmH2O/min) (P < 0.01). The external anal sphincter was less susceptible to fatigue with increasing age (P < 0.01, r = 0.499). In women with normal bowel control and in women with faecal incontinence fatigue rate was negatively correlated with maximum squeeze pressure (P < 0.01, r = −0.287; P < 0.01, r = −0.579).

Conclusion  The external anal sphincter was less susceptible to fatigue with increasing age. Women with faecal incontinence have a weaker but more fatigue‐resistant external anal sphincter. This might correspond to a higher proportion of slow‐twitch muscle fibres. Histological studies are needed to examine this hypothesis.
The self‐enhancing function of Chinese modesty: From a perspective of social script
Authors: Han Kuei‐Hsiang
Published: November 2011

The concept of modesty formerly seemed to efface one's own success which is opposed to self‐enhancement. Taking the perspective of social script, this study proposes that Chinese modesty regarding one's success would result in others' more intensive compliments, which also has the function of enhancing oneself. Study 1 reconstructed the contents of the Chinese modesty script by asking participants to write down dialogues between achievers and admirers and found that when an achiever received an admirer's compliments, the former's dominant response was to deny his/her success modestly. On the contrary, when an admirer was confronted by an achiever's modest reaction, the dominant response for the admirer was to deny the achiever's modesty and to express compliments more intensively. Study 2 examined if people in Chinese societies would choose and judge people's proper behaviours in complimentary situations according to the modesty script. The results supported this speculation. Study 3 examined the effects of the admirer's compliments on the achiever's self‐esteem and found that the admirer's compliments following the achiever's modesty did have the function of enhancing the achiever's self‐esteem.
Friend or Foe? New Managerialism and Technical, Administrative and Clerical Support Staff in Australian Universities
Authors: Pick David , Teo Stephen , Yeung Melissa
Published: November 2011

The aim of this paper is to assess and conceptualise the effects of new managerialism‐related organisational reforms in three Australian public universities on technical, administrative and clerical support staff job stressors and job satisfaction. Using a mixed method approach consisting of a quantitative core component and qualitative supplementary component it was found that six different types of stressors were evident: time, information; supervisory; work environment; staffing and pay; and career. Path analysis showed that these stressors were closely connected to reduced job satisfaction, which could be ameliorated by employee participation, improved communication and work‐related social support. However, the qualitative analysis suggested that the prevailing climate of managerialism was not conducive to such improvements. It is concluded that while appropriate human‐resource management strategies have the potential to prevent the worst consequences of change, there is some doubt about the ability of university managers, captured by new managerialism, to create and implement such an approach.
Assembly of the presenilin γ‐/ε‐secretase complex
Authors: St George‐Hyslop P. , Fraser P. E.
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120 (Suppl. 1), 84–88.

The presenilin complex is composed of four core proteins (presenilin 1 or presenilin 2, APH1, nicastrin, and PEN2). Several endogenous proteins have been reported to selectively modulate the function of the presenilin complexes; these include transmembrane trafficking protein, 21‐KD (TMP21), CD147 antigen (basigin), the γ‐secretase‐activating protein (gSAP), and the orphan G‐protein‐coupled receptor 3. Because the structure and assembly of these complexes underlies their activity, this review will discuss current work on the assembly of the complex and on presenilin‐interacting proteins that regulate secretase activity.
Immigration prevents inbreeding in a growing colony of a long‐lived and philopatric seabird
Authors: LUDWIG SONJA C. , BECKER PETER H.
Published: November 2011

Mating between close relatives can have deleterious effects on reproductive success or offspring fitness, which should favour the evolution of active or passive inbreeding avoidance mechanisms. In birds, evidence for active inbreeding avoidance by kin‐discriminative mate choice is scarce; many studies describe random mating in relation to kinship and thus support passive inbreeding avoidance by natal dispersal. However, most studies were conducted in island populations of short‐lived passerines with fast alternation of generations. In this study, we present inbreeding estimates based on pedigree data from a 16‐year study in a coastal colony of Common Terns Sterna hirundo, a long‐lived seabird with delayed sexual maturation and low rates of extra‐pair paternity. Incestuous mating was rare (four of 2387 pairs), even if partially accounting for incomplete pedigrees. Although the average relatedness of observed pairs was lower than would be expected from random pairing, the inbreeding coefficient did not differ from random mating. Hence, we found no clear evidence for active inbreeding avoidance by kin‐discriminative mate choice, and the low level of inbreeding seems to be related to the high immigration rate in the colony and thus to be maintained passively by dispersal.
A royal encounter: space, spectacle and the Queen's visit to Ireland 2011
Authors: JOHNSON NUALA C
Published: November 2011

This commentary reflects on the first official visit made by a British monarch to Ireland since its independence. Focusing on three key moments of Queen Elizabeth's itinerary – the Garden of Remembrance, the Irish National War Memorial, Islandbridge, and the state banquet, Dublin Castle – I suggest that efforts to simultaneously honour rebels/soldiers in acts of public remembrance sought to re‐position the past between these two islands in ways which recognised conflict but also aspired towards reconciled understandings of how that past could be more peacefully calibrated.
Hereditary Mucoepithelial Dysplasia: Report of Two Sporadic Cases
Authors: Hernández‐Martín Angela , Colmenero Isabel , Torrelo Antonio
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia (HMD) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by nonscarring alopecia, fiery red gums, perineal erythema, and visual impairment. Histologically, dyskeratotic keratinocytes and a small number of desmosomes are the hallmark of the disease. We report on two unrelated patients who presented with typical clinical and histologic features of HMD along with other unreported clinical findings.
Specificity of Discrimination: Does It Matter From Whence It Comes?1
Authors: VON HIPPEL COURTNEY , BRENER LOREN
Published: November 2011

The negative effects of discrimination on those who are stigmatized are well documented. What is less clear, however, is whether the source of the discrimination has differential outcomes on the person being discriminated against. Survey results from 685 injecting drug users (IDUs) revealed that IDUs who experienced discrimination from healthcare workers had poorer physical health, whereas physical health was unrelated to experiences of discrimination by those outside the healthcare system (family, friends, and partners). In contrast, IDUs' mental health status was less sensitive to the source of discrimination. Discrimination by healthcare workers and by others outside the healthcare industry were both related to IDUs' mental health. Implications and limitations of this research are discussed.
Chloroethene Biotransformation in the Presence of Different Sulfate Concentrations
Authors: Pantazidou Marina , Panagiotakis Iraklis , Mamais Daniel , Zikidi Vasiliana
Published: November 2011

This paper aims to reconcile discrepancies among reports of dechlorination performance in the presence of sulfate, by analyzing data from the literature, presenting results from laboratory experiments performed with mixed anaerobic microbial cultures, and synthesizing respective findings. A complete set of metrics for dechlorination progress was developed and used in the analysis of selected field and laboratory studies. When differences in site and experimental conditions are accounted for and definitions of dechlorination completeness are harmonized, the inverse relationship between dechlorination performance and sulfate concentration becomes clearer. This relationship was investigated in detail with laboratory experiments on mixed anaerobic microbial cultures enriched with the same concentration of trichloroethylene (TCE) and different sulfate concentrations, equal to near zero (considered as the baseline culture), 30, 400, and 1100 mg/L. In all experiments, sulfate reduction proceeded concurrently with dechlorination. The observed behavior was bimodal, indicating a transition in dechlorination performance between 30 and 400 mg/L. Under low donor to acceptor stoichiometry conditions, TCE dechlorination was incomplete in all experiments after 14 days, while the percentage of TCE moles reduced to vinyl chloride was lower by about 50% in the experiments with high sulfate concentrations. When donor was added in excess to stoichiometry needs for TCE reduction, TCE dechlorination was complete in the baseline culture, while only little ethene was detected in the high sulfate concentration cultures. When all studies are considered together, it appears that the presence of sulfate does not preclude complete dechlorination but rather delays it. Data analysis also suggests that the proposed upper limit of 500 mg/L for the range of initial sulfate concentration that is not problematic for dechlorination should be revised to a lower value.
Cholesterol granuloma as long‐term complication of total ear canal ablation in a dog
Authors: Riedinger B. , Albaric O. , Gauthier O.
Published: November 2011

A 13‐year‐old cocker spaniel presented with pain on opening the mouth. History of a previous left total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy, left intermittent facial palsy and left intermittent head tilt suggested progression of a total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy complication. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large mass arising from the tympanic bulla. Cytology of aspirates revealed a chronic suppurative inflammatory reaction and numerous cholesterol crystals. The mass was removed by surgical excision and an active drainage system was placed for a few days. The head tilt, facial palsy and apparent pain were resolved by the surgery. Physical examination was unremarkable nine months postoperatively. Bacterial cultures of the collected fluid were negative and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a cholesterol granuloma.
Effects of Medium‐Voltage Electrical Stimulation on Postmortem Changes in Fat‐Tailed Sheep
Authors: Abbasvali Maryam , Shahram Shekarforoush Seyed , Aminlari Mahmoud , Ebrahimnejad Hadi
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Effects of different medium‐voltage electrical stimulation (ES) and ageing on postmortem changes in longissimus dorsi muscle of the fat‐tailed sheep were studied. Fifteen male animals were divided into 5 equal groups (n= 3) including: T1 (control, without ES), T2 (100 V/30 s), T3 (100 V/60 s), T4 (150 V/30 s), and T5 (150 V/60 s) with fixed frequency of 50 Hz. Five minutes after sticking, the carcasses were stimulated in order of the treatments. After normal processing, they were kept at 6 °C for 14 d. ES accelerated the glycolytic rate resulting in a significant fast fall in pH (P < 0.05) during the 1st 6‐h postmortem (PM) with a gradual decline until 24‐h PM, and a simultaneous significant reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content (P < 0.05). There was a significant (P < 0.05) decline in the total calpain activity during the 1st 6‐h PM. The muscles from ES carcasses had significantly (P < 0.05) lower water holding capacity (WHC) than those from nonstimulated ones. Ageing revealed a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the reduction of  WHC. No significant difference was found for the mean value of the muscle color (L*, a*, and b*) in all treatment groups during ageing (P > 0.05). The results of free amino acid (FAA) content and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) revealed a significant improvement of proteolysis and tenderness by ES and ageing (P < 0.05). In the present study, higher voltage/duration (150 V/60 s) showed greater effects and significantly accelerated glycolysis, pH decline, and ATP depletion and thus decreased the time for rigor completion and improved the tenderness.
The Effect of Nesiritide on Renal Function and Other Clinical Parameters in Patients With Decompensated Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Kelesidis Iosif , Mazurek Jeremy , Khullar Pankaj , Saeed Wajeeha , Vittorio Timothy , Zolty Ronald
Published: November 2011

The role of nesiritide in patients with decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (dHFpEF) has not been previously studied. In this investigation, the authors retrospectively analyzed the effect of nesiritide on renal function and clinical outcomes in patients admitted with dHFpEF. Of the 658 patients included, 328 were treated with nesiritide while 330 patients were treated with standard diuretic therapy. In both the nesiritide and no nesiritide groups, there was a significant change in mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine at 72 hours as well as at day of discharge (P<.001). This trend did not progress at 1 month in the nesiritide group, although it did in the no nesiritide group. At 1 month after therapy, however, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the mean change of GFR and creatinine (P<.001). There was no significant difference in >25% decrease of GFR anytime through day 30 (25% vs 29.69%, P=.236) between the two groups. On multivariate analysis, nesiritide was an important predictor of renal function at 1 month (P<.05). Thus, nesiritide can be administered safely without negatively impacting long‐term renal function in patients admitted with dHFpEF. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conflicted Principals, Uncertain Agency: The International Monetary Fund and the Great Recession
Authors: Kaya Ayse
Published: November 2011

The G20’s renewal of faith in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) during the 2008 financial crisis appears to have reversed the IMF’s declining relevance evident in the years preceding the crisis. This article examines this putative revival of the IMF, arguing that the G20’s actions contained a paradox of delegation. On the one hand, the nature of the G20’s replenishment of the IMF’s resources during the crisis (mostly through credit lines available to the IMF) as well as the independence the major G20 economies can afford to have from the IMF (given that they are not beholden to its resources) has meant that the G20 countries faced low sovereignty costs in reviving the IMF. On the other hand, truly re‐establishing the IMF’s relevance would impose higher sovereignty costs, specifically in the form of strengthened IMF surveillance over G20 economies. This paradox of delegation suggests that the G20’s action toward the IMF does not inform properly whether the G20 states have contemplated the trade‐off between suffering sovereignty costs and achieving gains from delegation. In this regard, the proper role of the IMF in the governance of the global economy remains uncertain.

Policy Implications

 The G20’s resuscitation of the IMF cannot be simply interpreted as indicating certainty regarding the future of the institution.

 In order for the IMF to fulfill its key tasks, particularly surveillance of global economic conditions, as envisioned by key members of the G20, these states need to permit the IMF to play the role of a mediator and technical expert in close coordination of their policies.

 The G20 states should resist the temptation to forum shop, namely charge other institutions with tasks similar to those of the IMF with a view to dispersing/avoiding sovereignty costs.

 It is no longer viable to hold on to prior assumptions and frameworks regarding the distribution of influence among states vis‐à‐vis the IMF – scholarly and policy works need to recognize large emerging economies as key principals of the Fund.

 At the same time, the IMF needs to enhance the evenhandedness of its analysis and advice in order to increase key member states’ perceptions of its effectiveness and fairness.
Measurement and Analysis of Brushing Tool Performance Characteristics, Part 2: Contact Zone Geometry
Authors: Cariapa V. , Stango R. J. , Liang S.-K. , Prasad A.
Published: November 2011

This paper outlines a strategy for evaluating the planar contact zone geometry generated by circular brush contact with a flat workpiece. Parameters which characterize the contact zone are identified and obtained for a range of brush operating conditions. Special attention is given to examining the effect of brush width distortion on contact zone geometry for orthogonal brushing operations. Shape functions are identified as an appropriate means for evaluating filament tip motion within the contact zone and, subsequently, are used for illustrating the growth of brush width distortion associated with quasi-static brush-workpiece contact.
Genome Sequence of Halobiforma lacisalsi AJ5, an Extremely Halophilic Archaeon Which Harbors a
bop
Gene
Authors: Jiang Xiawei , Wang Shuang , Cheng Hong , Huo Yingyi , Zhang Xinqi , Zhu Xufen , Han Xifang , Ni Peixiang , Wu Min
Published: November 2011

The draft genome sequence (4,398,155 bp, with 65.35% G+C content) of
Halobiforma lacisalsi
AJ5, an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a salt lake, is reported here. This is the first genome report for a species of the
Halobiforma
genus.
RATIONALLY-EXTENDED RADIAL OSCILLATORS AND LAGUERRE EXCEPTIONAL ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS IN kTH-ORDER SUSYQM
Authors: QUESNE C.
Published: November 2011

A previous study of exactly solvable rationally-extended radial oscillator potentials and corresponding Laguerre exceptional orthogonal polynomials carried out in second-order supersymmetric quantum mechanics is extended to kth-order one. The polynomial appearing in the potential denominator and its degree are determined. The first-order differential relations allowing one to obtain the associated exceptional orthogonal polynomials from those arising in a (k-1)th-order analysis are established. Some nontrivial identities connecting products of Laguerre polynomials are derived from shape invariance.
Essential Norm of Composition Operators on Banach Spaces of Hölder Functions
Authors: Jiménez-Vargas A. , Lacruz Miguel , Villegas-Vallecillos Moisés
Published: November 2011

Let (X, d) be a pointed compact metric space, let 0 < α < 1, and let φ : X → X be a base point preserving Lipschitz map. We prove that the essential norm of the composition operator Cφ induced by the symbol φ on the spaces lip0(X, dα) and Lip0(X, dα) is given by the formula whenever the dual space has the approximation property. This happens in particular when X is an infinite compact subset of a finite‐dimensional normed linear space.
Paronomasia, Ambiguities and Shifts in Hos 5:1-2
Authors: Kwakkel Gert
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Building on Elliger’s and Mazor’s analyses of the structure of Hos 5:1-2, this study discusses several problematic aspects of Hos 5:1-2, such as the meaning of בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל and מִשְׁפָּט in 1a and מוּסָר in 2b. It accepts the emended reading שַׁחַת הַשִּׁטִּים “the pit of Shittim” in verse 2a, but also puts this into perspective. With the benefit of data from the context, it demonstrates that the text makes use of paronomasia, deliberate ambiguities and shifts of meaning as parts of its rhetorical strategy.
Ruling Ideology and Marginal Subjects: Ming Loyalism and Foreign Lineages in Late Chosŏn Korea
Authors: Bohnet Adam
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Numerous Ming Chinese took refuge in Chosŏn Korea during the early seventeenth century. Despite the supposed sinocentrism of Chosŏ’s elites, refugees from China were treated as belonging to the category of submitting-foreigner (hyanghwain), a protected but distinctly humble social status that had been used primarily as a tool for settling Japanese and Jurchen from Chosŏn’s frontiers. Beginning in the mid-eighteenth century, however, the Chosŏn court considered it incongruous to include Ming Chinese descendants in that category. Chinese lineages were thus distinguished from other submitting-foreigners and reclassified according to the considerably more prestigious category of imperial subjects. This paper explores this change, seeing it as part of a trend in the Qing Empire and indeed in Eurasia as a whole in which identity and subjecthood became increasingly bureaucratized, and loyalties treated as absolute.
The Right of Irregular Immigrants to Outstanding Remuneration under the EU Sanctions Directive: Rethinking Domestic Labour Policy in a Globalised World
Authors: Dewhurst Elaine
Published: November 2011

Abstract

This article will analyse the provisions of, and the rationale for, the EU Sanctions Directive and the significant divergence in treatment of irregular immigrants in EU Member States, in particular, in relation to the provision of outstanding remuneration, which the EU Sanctions Directive has highlighted. Ireland, a state that has chosen to opt-out of the Directive, has been selected as a case study to analyse some of the issues that states encounter in bringing domestic labour policy in line with globalisation. In particular, this article will address the phenomenon of irregular immigration to Ireland, the current approach to the provision of outstanding remuneration and the rationale behind this current approach. Finally, the article will conclude that the reasoning behind the Irish opt-out was based upon misinformed assumptions about the purpose of the provision of outstanding remuneration arising out of a ‘disconnect’ between immigration and labour policy at a domestic level.
Vive la Clause de Standstill: The Issue of First Admission of Turkish Nationals into the Territory of a Member State within the Context of Economic Freedoms
Authors: Karayigit Mustafa T.
Published: November 2011

Abstract

The article scrutinises the issue of first admission of Turkish nationals into the territory of a Member State within the context of freedom of establishment, freedom to provide services and freedom of movement for workers under association law. The article emphasises the prospective potential rights of Turkish nationals to arise from the standstill clause and the principle of non-discrimination, in addition to their present accumulated rights under case law. Moreover, negative legal consequences of the relevant case law for the European integration are expressed, and solutions are offered to circumvent them for the sake of the coherence of EU law.
Power, Plenty and Pressure Groups: A Comparative Study of British and Danish Colonialism in the West Indies and the Role of the State, 1768–1772
Authors: Rönnbäck Klas
Published: November 2011

Why was the British crown unable to generate direct net revenue from its West Indian possessions during the early modern era, while a country such as Denmark was able to do just that? is paper undertakes a comparison between Great Britain and Denmark, which might yield important insights into what yielded revenue and drove the costs of colonialism. The British West Indian lobby, this paper proposes, was comparatively successful in shifting the burden of taxation to other areas, for example import tariffs, thus keeping direct taxation on colonial subjects low. In the Danish West Indies, direct taxation was on the other hand comparatively high. Danish neutrality during the period also contributed to reducing military costs for the state. The findings emphasize the importance of political power for the profitability of colonialism.
A Novel Approach to Branched Polymers via Latent Thiol Chain-transfer Polymerization
Authors: Jiang Jinqiang , Jia Xiuli , Chen Xin , Zong Yiwu , Zhang Hongwu , Lin Ling , Liu Xiaoya , Chen Mingqing
Published: November 2011

A novel sodium 4-vinylbenzyl thiosulfate (VBTS) monomer was designed and can be prepared effectively via the Bunte salt reaction in room temperature, which can be conveniently used as the latent chain-transfer monomer in the radical polymerization to prepare branched polymers.
Temperature-swing Microfluidic Separation of Uranyl Ions Using Thermoresponsive Copolymer Brushes
Authors: Tsukahara Takehiko , Idota Naokazu
Published: November 2011

This paper reports a novel temperature-swing microfluidic separation method. The selective adsorption–desorption of uranyl (UO22+) ions could be realized by swelling–shrinking of a thermoresponsive copolymer brush, which was constructed with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAAm) and vinylpyrrolidone (VP) ligand, onto a microchannel surface. We clarified that the hydrophilic–hydrophobic transition temperature of the copolymer brush was about 35 °C and that the selectively for UO22+ ions was 92%.
Fast Preparation of High-performance Zeolite T Membranes in Fluoride Media
Authors: Zhou Rongfei , Zhang Fei , Hu Na , Chen Xiangshu , Kita Hidetoshi
Published: November 2011

A high-quality zeolite T membrane was prepared in only 6 h using a fluoride-mediated gel with NaF/SiO2 ratio of 0.5 on mullite tubes seeded with nanosized zeolite T. The 19F MAS NMR evidence shows that fluorine anion presents in channels as counter ion of cations. Zeolite T membranes synthesized in fluoride media displayed the high flux values of 4.43 and 3.64 kg m−2 h−1with high separation factors of 8200 and 2900 toward 10 wt % water/isopropanol and 10 wt % water/ethanol mixtures at 348 K, respectively.
Fire-shielding Properties of Flexible, Transparent Laponite–PEG Hybrid Film
Authors: Shikinaka Kazuhiro , Aizawa Kazuto , Osada Yoshihito , Shigehara Kiyotaka
Published: November 2011

Flexible and transparent hybrid film consisting of Laponite and poly(ethylene glycol) has flame-resistant and fire-shielding properties regardless of the absence of halogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms. The film adhered to plastics with polar surface and inhibited the deformation of plastics upon exposing to fire.
From ‘London’s Burning’ to ‘Sten Guns in Sunderland’
Authors: BESTLEY RUSS
Published: November 2011

The punk movement between 1976 and 1984 represented a distinct period in the development of youth culture in Britain. Whilst certain principles paralleled earlier generations and youth movements, they were married to an outspoken ideology that declared ‘anyone can do it’
and an overtly nihilistic attitude toward the music industry itself. This led to a situation where ‘anyone’ did, in fact, ‘do it’, and the resulting deluge of independent, do-it-yourself records, concerts and networks of activity threatened to seriously disrupt the
commercial stability of the popular music business, albeit temporarily. This period also saw a shift in power from traditional centres of production to smaller, independent hubs of operation with often clear local agendas. The relationship between popular music, geographical location and notions
of authenticity is long-standing though discourse on the subject has been largely overlooked in favour of a style and authenticity debate centred on youth cultures and subcultural groups (Hebdige 1979; 1988; Marcus 1989; Home 1995; Muggleton 2000). Although Jon Savage (1991) does make a case
for the punk Diaspora from 1978 onwards, the process is still described as one-way in that authentic punk styles originating in London filtered out to the provinces. Much the same case was made by Dick Hebdige, who attempted to validate his own position regarding what he describes as ‘originals’
and ‘hangers-on’, while Dave Muggleton adopted a more pluralistic attitude towards individual modes of ‘authentic’ participation. However, these models are all based on the perceptions of those involved in subcultural groups, and the physical geography of their locations
relative to a perceived ‘centre’ is not discussed in any detail. This article explores the relationship between punk aesthetics and graphic identities across the wider regions of the United Kingdom. UK punk has often been portrayed as London-centric, with an occasional ‘nod’
to a small number of other major metropolitan centres, such as Manchester or Leeds; but little attention has been paid to more local interpretations of punk and post-punk styles, or of the groups and clusters of individuals from further afield who responded to punk’s initial call to
arms to ‘do it themselves’. Examples of punk output reflecting a connection to geographical localities and regional cultural histories are highlighted; and the sense that often small-scale local agendas operated alongside and in parallel to both national and international punk
development is explored. This sense of local identity played out in record sleeves, lyrics, song titles, band names and graphic identities of groups and labels across the UK.
La productividad de los autores en la ciencia de la información colombiana
Authors: Restrepo Arango Cristina , Urbizagástegui Alvarado Rubén
Published: November 2011

Este trabajo analiza la productividad científica de los autores que han publicado documentos en cuatro revistas de ciencia de la información editadas en Colombia desde 1978 a 2009. Se encontraron 555 autores, de los cuales 422 (76%) publicaron un único artículo y 78 (24%) publicaron 2 o más artículos. También se identificaron 11 autores como los más productivos con 21 y 7 artículos cada uno. El número de autores observados fueron estinados con los modelos del poder inverso generalizado, Gauss Poisson inversa generalizada y Poisson lognormal por el método de la máxima probabilidad. Las pruebas de ajuste estadístico chi-cuadrado y K-S mostraron que los tres modelos se ajustan a los datos observados en este trabajo.
Abordagem espacial dos partos prematuros em Taubaté, SP
Authors: Paulucci Ruth Sampaio , Nascimento Luiz Fernando C , Schulze Carolina Amorim
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: Identificar o padrão espacial para a taxa de prematuridade em Taubaté, SP. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico exploratório com dados de nascidos vivos com idade gestacional entre 22 e 36 semanas do município de Taubaté, SP, no ano de 2003. A análise espacial utilizou o programa TerraView, com abordagem pelo índice de Moran global (IM) para os nascimentos prematuros, de acordo com idade da mãe (menores de 20 e maiores de 34 anos) e escolaridade materna (ensino médio incompleto). Os casos de partos prematuros foram tratados sob a forma de contagem para cada setor censitário; construíram-se mapas temáticos para cada situação, além do BoxMap, que identifica as regiões que necessitam de intervenção na assistência à saúde. RESULTADOS: Foram 3.914 nascidos vivos no ano de 2003, sendo 281 prematuros (7,2%). O IM para partos prematuros foi de 0,07, (p=0,02), mostrando uma correlação espacial em determinadas regiões do município. Para a idade materna, obteve-se IM=0,03 (p=0,20); para a escolaridade da mãe, IM=0,13 (p=0,01). O BoxMap mostrou 32 setores censitários que necessitam de intervenção. CONCLUSÕES: A abordagem espacial identificou o padrão geográfico para o parto prematuro no município de Taubaté, tratando-se de ferramenta que permite o planejamento da assistência neonatal.
Key Articles and Guidelines for the Emergency Medicine Pharmacist
Authors: Thomas Michael C. , Acquisto Nicole M. , Patanwala Asad E. , Weant Kyle A. , Baker Stephanie N.
Published: November 2011

Compilations of articles important to the pharmacist practicing in the emergency department have not been published. Consistent with other specialty areas of practice, a collection of important literature is valuable for both the new and experienced clinician. A diverse breadth of medical problems are represented that were felt to be the most pertinent issues facing the emergency medicine pharmacist; however, it is not intended to be a complete representation of available literature.
Evolution of Botswana planning education in light of local and international requirements
Authors: Cavric Branko
Published: November 2011

Planning problems have been with us ever since human beings realized that
their wellbeing is very closely linked to the quality of their settlements
and the environment. Over the last century this has led to the worldwide
emergence of built environment education in general, and planning in
particular. In many African universities planning education is a rapidly
growing phenomenon reaching its maturity in terms of structure and number of
programs. This development has been most significant in those countries that
underwent rapid urbanization and environmental changes similar to those
occurring in Botswana. The first Urban and Regional Planning Programme at the
University of Botswana was established in 1993 as part of the Department of
Environmental Science at the Faculty of Science. The continued growth and
expansion of the planning profession world-wide as well as in Botswana, and
its interdisciplinary ties with allied built-environment disciplines, have
reached the point at which the University of Botswana is ready to continue
with a new internationally recognized planning school. There is a belief that
a combined (spatial and specialist) accredited planning programme should
support local and regional interests, focusing on the Southern African
Region, while acknowledging global standards and innovation in teaching,
research, and technology.