bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Acute and Chronic Wounds Using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy With Instillation and Dwell Time: A Retrospective
Authors: Bassetto Franco , de Antoni Eleonora , Rizzato Sandro , Scarpa Carlotta
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The presence of debris covering a wound surface significantly impedes progression toward closure. Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d) of topical wound solutions is a versatile tool that can be applied to various wound types to promote wound healing. At the University Hospital of Padova in Padova, Italy, NPWTi-d has been incorporated into wound management plans that include debridement and antibiotic therapy, as necessary, for a diverse population of patients with open wounds, including acute, chronic, and infected wounds. Objective: A retrospective analysis of 100 patients (53 male, 47 female; age range, 22-95 years) who underwent NPWTi-d was performed, and key healing outcomes observed in subgroups differentiated by sex, wound etiology, initial wound size, and topical instillation solution were reported. Materials and methods: Wound types included vascular ulcers, surgical wounds, dehiscences, and trauma; anatomic location of the wounds varied. Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation (0.05% sodium hypochlorite, normal saline, or 0.25% acetic acid) was implemented with a dwell time of 3 minutes to 10 minutes, followed by a negative pressure cycle length of 2 hours to 3.5 hours at -75 mm Hg to -125 mm Hg. Dressings were changed approximately every 3 days. Results: After a median of 11 days (range, 1-35 days), the wound surface area significantly decreased (P <.0001), percentage of infected wounds declined from 72% to 46%, and wound closure was attained in 91% of cases. A significant reduction in wound surface area was detected in both sexes, small- and medium-sized wounds, vascular ulcers, surgical wounds, dehiscences, trauma wounds, and pressure ulcers (P <.05). This effect was detected in wounds regardless of topical instillation solution (P <.0001). Conclusions: This study showed that NPWTi-d is a valuable treatment option in a variety of circumstances and can help the clinician achieve a range of therapy goals based on individual patient needs.
El importante rol de las empresas en situaciones de crisis sanitaria: ¿un Plan de Prevención Corporativo?
Authors: Fuchs Marie-Christine , Barboza López Miguel
Published: October 2021

Covid-19 has challenged various actors in our society, including companies. The role of businesses during the pandemic, within the framework of due diligence, is essential not only to ensure the human rights of its workers and those close to them, but also for the common welfare of society. Faced with this situation, this article advances the need to come up with a Corporate Prevention Plan for health emergencies under seven key fronts, so that companies can anticipate the effects that a pandemic or other emergency may have on their activities.
El derecho humano a la salud y sus implicancias en el acceso a estupefacientes para el tratamiento paliativo en América Latina
Authors: González Guzmán Alicia Magaly
Published: October 2021

Palliative treatment has been the subject of constant discussions, mainly about the fact that opioid drugs are narcotics controlled by international agreements and organizations, which regulate their access and distribution. Latin America has different levels of narcotics distribution, which are determined by economic, social, and cultural factors. Illicit trade and excessive consumption have generated barriers that limit their availability for palliative treatment. In this sense, this article analyzes domestic and international regulations governing access to narcotics within palliative treatment and proposes that the guarantee of pain relief be expressly enshrined as part of the human right to health.
Editor-in-chief's opening remarks
Authors: Kryshtanovskaya O. V.
Published: October 2021

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ڕه‌نگڤه‌دانا سۆزێ د هۆزانێن (به‌درخان سندى) دا
Authors: Ahmed Dawlat , Taher Nizar
Published: October 2021

ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ هه‌ولدانه‌كه‌ ژبۆ دیاركرنا چه‌وانى ڕادێ به‌رجه‌سته‌بوونا سۆزێ دناڤ ده‌قێن هۆزانێدا. هه‌روه‌كو ئاشكرایه‌ (سۆز) ڕه‌گه‌زه‌كێ سه‌ره‌كییه‌ دناڤ پێكهاتا ده‌قێ ئه‌ده‌بى ب گشتى و ده‌قێ هۆزانێ ب تایبه‌تى دا، ئه‌ڤ (سۆز) ه‌ دبیته‌ هه‌لگرێ واتایه‌كا مه‌زنا ده‌قى. ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ بناڤونیشانێ (ڕه‌نگڤه‌دانا سۆزێ د هۆزانێن (به‌درخان سندى)دا) یه‌، هاتیه‌ دابه‌شكرن بۆسه‌ر دوو به‌شان. به‌شێ ئێكێ بۆ لایه‌نێ تیۆرییێ ڤه‌كۆلینێ هاتیه‌ ته‌رخانكرن و دناڤدا ئاماژه‌ بۆ په‌یوه‌ندییێ دناڤبه‌را ده‌روونناسى و ئه‌ده‌بیاتێدا هاتیه‌كرن و تێگه‌ه و پێكهاتا سۆزێ هاتیه‌ باسكرن. به‌شێ دووێ بۆ ته‌وه‌رێ پڕاكتیكییێ ڤه‌كۆلینێ هاتیه‌ ته‌رخانكرن و دناڤدا هۆزانێن هۆزانڤانێن ناڤبری ژلایێ دیاركرنا سۆزێ هاتیه‌ شرۆڤه‌كرن. ل دوماهیكێ بۆمه‌ دیاربوو كو (فره‌سۆزى) دناڤ ئه‌ڤان هۆزاناندا هه‌یه‌ و دوو جۆرێن سه‌ره‌كییێن سۆزێ دناڤدا هاتینه‌ به‌رجه‌سته‌كرن دگه‌ل هه‌بوونا هێزه‌كا مه‌زنا سۆزدارى دناڤ هۆزاناندا.
مصادر الطبري في تأريخه لعهد الخليفة معاوية بن ابي سفيان (41هـ/ 661م – 60هـ/ 679م)
Authors: Yousif Al-Mirani Falah
Published: October 2021

قدم الطبري في حديثه عن عهد اول خلفاء الدولة الاموية معاوية بن ابي سفيان العديد من الاخبار، وتطرق لذكر العديد من الحوادث التاريخية المهمة التي شهدها تاريخ تلك الحقبة، وذلك ابتداءً من سنة (41هـ/661م)، والمعروفة عند المسلمين بعام الجماعة الذي شهد الصلح بين الامام الحسن بن علي (u ت49هـ/ 669م) ومعاوية بن ابي سفيان، مروراً بذكر غيرها من الحوادث المهمة من الناحية السياسية مثل اخبار الولاة في ولاياتهم، واخبار الخوارج وغيرهم من المعارضين لحكم الامويين، فضلاً عن ذكر اخبار الحروب والغزوات التي خاضها المسلمون في الداخل والخارج، وانتهاءً بالحديث عن وفاة معاوية بن ابي سفيان في سنة (60هـ/ 679م) والحديث عن بعض صفاته وسجاياه، واتبع الطبري اسلوب التاريخ الحولي في ذكره لحوادث تلك الحقبة، وهو اسلوبه المعتاد في تاريخه بصورة عامة، وكانت اخبار الحوادث السياسية ذات الاغلبية، وذلك امر طبيعي نظراً لانها شهدت نهاية عهد وبداية عهد جديد في حياة المسلمين، وفيما يخص مصادر الطبري عن تاريخ تلك الحقبة فقد تنوعت بين المصادر الشخصية، وهم الاشخاص الذين روى عنهم الطبري وذكرهم في سلاسل اسناده لكل رواية، وبين الوثائق من امثال الرسائل المتبادلة بين الشخصيات البارزة في تلك الحقبةة، حيث ذكر الطبري العديد منها بنصوصها الكاملة، واكتفى بذكر غيرها بالاشارة فقط، ومن امثال الخطب التي ألقاها بعض المشاركين في الحوادث السياسية والدينية، والتي ذكر العديد منها بنصوصها الكاملة، واكتفى بذكر غيرها باختصار او بالاشارة، بالاضافة الى الوصايا، فضلاً عن قوائم ببعض الاسماء لبعض المشاركين في الحوادث السياسية لتلك الحقبة، كما اعتمد الطبري في مصادره على العديد من القصائد والابيات الشعرية، بالاضافة الى معطياته الشخصية من خلال معرفته المسبقة بتاريخ تلك الحقبة المهمة من تاريخ المسلمين.
أثر الإستثمار السياحي في تنويع مصادر الدخل في إقليم كوردستان العراق للسنوات 2003-2018
Authors: Salih Bahram , Yasin Al-safar Ahmed
Published: October 2021

يحظى إقليم كوردستان العراق بثروة سياحية متنوعة وفريدة فهو مهد البشرية والمعبر الذي إستوطن فيه الجنس البشري قادماً من أفريقيا ومنه إرتحل إلى بقية العالم، وترك هذا المهد آثاراً على الإنسانية جمعاء، إذ يتميز بجغرافيا غنية وبتنوع حيوي و مناخي، والذي يشكل عامل جذب للسياحة، أن وجود العديد من آثار التواجد الإنساني القديم وأنماط أولى المستوطنات البشرية تشكل عاملاً لكل أنواع السياحة تقريباً، لكن بسبب الظروف التي مرت بها المنطقة بعامة والعراق وإقليم كوردستان بخاصة من حروب ومعاناة طيلة العقود الخمسة الماضية، حد من توجه الحكومة للقيام بالإهتمام بهذا القطاع، وإعتمدت الإيرادات الكمركية، والهبات والمساعدات الدولية، وأخيراً الإعتماد على الإيرادات النفطية. لكن رغم كل شيء بقيت السياحة رائجة خلال مدة الدراسة وتبنت الدراسة وجود أثر إيجابي بين الإستثمار السياحي والناتج المحلي الإجمالي، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن هناك علاقة طردية بين الإستثمار السياحي والناتج المحلي الإجمالي لذا يجب إعطاء دور بارز وأهمية  كبيرة للسياحة في توليد الدخل من خلال تسهيلات التأشيرة ودعم ودفع القطاع الخاص فيها أكثر. وكذلك العمل على ربط الإقليم بالعالم العربي بخطوط نقل حديثة وسريعة والمجال الجوي وفتج أكبر عدد ممكن من الموانيء الجوية وتنمية البنى التحتية في الإقليم.
Principles of Resistance in Gharbi Mustafa’s What Comes with the Dust, Goes with the Wind
Authors: Ahmed Khorsheed , Ameen Hishryar , Ahmed Kawyar
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the principles of resistance in Gharbi M. Mustafa’s novel titled What Comes with the Dust, Goes with the Wind (2017). It is mainly an attempt to focus on the inner and outer enegertic power to a person in the hard times and shows the major principles of resistance along with its significance for survival This study primarily provides an introduction to the research statement and problem of the study. Concerning the methodology, close reaidng is used as an approach to conduct the study, besides, it further deals with an introduction to the origins of the Yazidi people and religion. The second section of the paper introduces the critical overview, which summarizes the findings of a number of studies related to the sufferings of the Yazidis’ females during their captivity by several researchers. The central section provides the various forms of violence used against the Yazidis’ females and the impact of their wills and power, and their resistance to survive. In addition, the conclusion of the study concludes the findings of the research.
HERVH-derived lncRNAs negatively regulate chromatin targeting and remodeling mediated by CHD7
Authors: Hsieh Fu-Kai , Ji Fei , Damle Manashree , Sadreyev Ruslan I , Kingston Robert E
Published: October 2021

Chd7 encodes an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler which has been shown to target specific genomic loci and alter local transcription potentially by remodeling chromatin structure. De novo mutations in CHD7 are the major cause of CHARGE syndrome which features multiple developmental defects. We examined whether nuclear RNAs might contribute to its targeting and function and identified a preferential interaction between CHD7 and lncRNAs derived from HERVH loci in pluripotent stem cells. Knockdown of HERVH family lncRNAs using LNAs or knockout of an individual copy of HERVH by CRISPR-Cas9 both resulted in increased binding of CHD7 and increased levels of H3K27ac at a subset of enhancers. Depletion of HERVH family RNAs led to the activation of multiple genes. CHD7 bound HERVH RNA with high affinity but low specificity and this interaction decreased the ability of CHD7 to bind and remodel nucleosomes. We present a model in which HERVH lncRNAs act as a decoy to modulate the dynamics of CHD7 binding to enhancers in pluripotent cells and the activation of numerous genes that might impact the differentiation process.
On the Nomadic Influence on the Artistic Culture of the Cities of Semirechye and South Kazakhstan in the 6th – Early 13th Centuries
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Markova C. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The study, the results of which form the basis of this article, is aimed at determining the role of nomadic Turkic peoples in the formation of the urban culture of Semirechye and South Kazakhstan during the Middle Ages. Semirechye from 6th to 8th century, in political terms, was under the rule of the nomadic Turks, who formed their state here (Khaganate). The main role in the emergence of the first urban centers belongs, to a greater extent, to the Sogdians who came from the south. At the same time, the significance of the nomadic peoples in the development of urban culture of the region remains unclear. Some researchers are ambiguous about the influence of the policy of Turkic rulers on the urbanization of Semirechye, and also note the difficulty of identifying the nomadic artistic tradition in the material and spiritual culture of the peoples of southeastern and southern parts of Kazakhstan. All this makes research in this area relevant. The article is based on the results of comparing the pictorial monuments left by the inhabitants of the medieval cities of Semirechye and South Kazakhstan (6th – early 13th centuries), with the epic works of nomadic Turks. The methodological basis of the study is a comparative typological analysis, with the help of which the presence of commonly used motives and plots in different types of art is determined. Methods of description and analogy were used in the analysis of archaeological material. The comparative historical method is necessary to confirm the existence of an epic motive or plot in a certain period using written data. In the course of the work, samples of figured ceramics and fragments of a carved stucco (carving on raw unbaked clay) are considered. General pictorial motives, images, and plots in both types of decorative and applied art, as well as their correspondence in ancient Turkic folklore and written sources are identified. On the basis of a comparative analysis, an interpretation of some images is given, which, in turn, define the ancient Turkic artistic tradition. It is concluded that many motives and images in both types of arts indicate the special role of the nomadic Turks in the formation of a peculiar artistic style in the urban culture of Semirechye and South Kazakhstan during the Middle Ages.
Ongotson Khamnigans in the 19th Century: Ethnic Composition and Allocation
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Nanzatov B. Z. , Sodnompilova M. M. ,   East-Siberian State Institute of Culture
Published: October 2021

This article continues the series of the works devoted to the study of ethnic composition of the Buryat and Khamnigan departments in 19th century. One of the self-government bodies of indigenous of the Transbaikalia in the 19th century was the Urulginskaya Steppe Duma, the main population of which was the “Tungus of Manchu tribe”, as the Russian administration called them. The Ongotson indigenous council was the southwestern outskirts of the Urulga Steppe duma. In the 19th century, in the literature, the population of this council, like most of the population of Urulga Steppe Duma, was called “Horse Tungus”. The basis of the ethnic composition of the Ongotson Khamnigans was represented by Sartuls, Sarduls, Bakhashils, Lunikers and Chimchagits. The largest unit was the Sartuls – immigrants from Central Asia, who settled in Mongolia, mainly in the west of Khalkha. A part of the Sartuls in the east (in the Setsen-khan aimag, on the borderlands of Mongolia and Manchuria, in Jarut, Yekhe and Khada), became involved in the ethnic composition of both the Mongols and Manchus. From here, probably, take roots of both the Sartuls and Sarduls of Onon region. It was the Sartuls who had a key influence on the linguistic and confessional affiliation of all Ongotson Khamnigans. The ethnonym Bakhashil < Vakasil < Vakaroi indicates the participation of “Reindeer Tungus” (Evenks) in the formation of groups of “Horse Tungus” (Solon). The spread of the ethnonym Vakarai and its other phonetic variants indicates a wide area of its distribution in the Evenks environment. However, the existing hypotheses admit its origin in the Manchu-Tungusic, Yukaghir and Turkic environment, of which the first two are preferable. The ethnonym Chimchigit< Chimchagir may have Tungus-Manchurian and Mongolian roots. Lunikir is found in Transbaikalia, Mongolia and Barga, which reflects the long-term contacts of its carriers in this region. The origin of this ethnonym is unclear, although it has a form close to the Tungus languages. The discovered connections with Mongolia, Manchuria and vast expanses of Eastern Siberia and Amgun region reflect the crossroads of the migration routes of Mongols and Manchu-Tungusic both in Transbaikalia, and specifically in the Onon region. This significantly expands the research area into ethnic history not only of the Khamnigans, but also wider than the Mongolian and Manchu-Tungusic linguistic groups. A detailed map of the settlement of Ongotson Khamnigans, based on the census tables, was compiled.
New Data on the Economic Activity of Ancient Population on the Little Sea of Lake Baikal (Based on Fauna Materials from the Shrakshura 3 Site)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Novikov A. G. , Goriunova O. I. ,   Irkutsk State University, Malikov D. G. ,   V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS,   Irkutsk State University, Mamontov A. M. ,   Limnological Institute SB RAS
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the results of fauna materials' analysis from the complexes of the Shrakshura 3 site, situated on the northwestern coast of Mukhor Bay (Little Sea of Lake Baikal). The analysis of 5862 animals’ bones and teeth obtained from three cultural layers of this site was carried out. The methodology is based on the taxonomic diversity study among identifiable animal species, the number of species and their quantitative indicators. Most of the fauna remains (5137 pieces) is recorded in the cultural layer 2, dating back to the early Neolithic in the chronological range of 7420–7290 cal BP. The fauna remains of the Early Neolithic cultural layer 1 (7170–6970 cal BP) are similar in species composition to the fauna from the layer 2. Judging by both the faunal remains and a set of tools (sinkers for fishing nets made of flat pebbles, composite fish hooks, fragments of bait fish and a horn tool for knitting nets), the Early Neolithic population of the e site was mainly engaged in fishing. The fish is represented by coastal species: perch, pike, roach, crucian carp. Fishing gear made it possible to reconstruct the methods of fish catching: with a net (as better productive method) and with the help of individual use tools (fishing rods). Hunting was a secondary activity. The objects of hunting were ungulates, carnivorous mammals, and birds. In general, the population led a complex appropriating economy, combining fishing (as the main activity) and hunting. The absence of traces of dwellings, long-term fireplaces and production area in the layers characterizes these complexes as short-term seasonal campsites. The large number of fish bones suggests a specialized (aimed at catching fish) nature of the campsites. In the complex of cultural layer 0 of the Shrakshura 3 site, dated back to the Late Bronze and Iron Ages, the bones of domestic animals were recorded. In general, the clear stratigraphic situation of the Shrakshura 3 site and the presence of radiocarbon dates helps to identify and characterize the Early Neolithic fauna remains in the range of the 7420–6970 cal BP, as well as to reconstruct the economic activities of the ancient population of this chronological period, living on the coast of Little Sea of Lake Baikal. Previously, all reconstructions were based only on materials of Ityrkhei site, where layers of the Early Neolithic were recorded.
Vietnamese Reception Of Soft Masculinities In Korean Television Dramas: Desires, Identifications, And Gender
Authors:   , Gammon Thi
Published: October 2021

This doctoral thesis explores Vietnamese audience reception of soft masculinities, defined by the aestheticisation and romantic idealisation of male characters, in South Korean television dramas (K-dramas). Based on interview data collected in 2019, the thesis focuses on patterns of gendered desire, identification, and negotiation in viewers in their 20s and 30s. It highlights the popularity of K-dramas in Vietnam, which have established an enduring presence there since the late 1990s, overlapping with ongoing changes in gender relations following the introduction of the 1986 Đổi Mới (reform) policy, marked by Vietnam’s transition to a market economy and gradual integration into global trade. The thesis demonstrates how the spread of this “Korean Wave” is correlated with a changing local mediascape, the rise of a consumer culture, and a growing interest in exploring the self.

 In this thesis, I adopt the Free Association Narrative Interview (FANI) method, which draws on the solicitation of free talk and storytelling and psychosocial attention to case studies in order to connect interview participants’ biographical details with their viewing experiences. The study is influenced by Judith Butler’s theoretical work on gender and performativity, as well as related material by scholars such as Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu. I highlight how a nuanced understanding of the viewing experience treats it as a complex process linked to an individual’s biographical details and explore how this process intertwines with larger sociocultural contexts, including local norms, Confucian values, feminism, Western gender images, notions of modernity, and globalised aesthetic ideals. The study reveals that although gendered desires and identifications are shaped by norms, they can also subvert them, and thus provides empirical evidence for Butler’s theories from a Vietnamese context. It also shows that desires and identifications that result from engagement with fantasy on screen may follow viewers’ personalised logics and open up multiple avenues for interpretations. Prominent themes of viewing experiences in relation to soft masculinities analysed in this thesis include escapism, parasocial interactions with characters, romantic imaginations, melancholic identification with romantic relationships on screen, desires for upward mobility, queer pleasures, ambivalence, and disidentification. The thesis thus contributes to contemporary Vietnamese studies, gender studies, psychosocial studies, media audience studies, and research on the Korean Wave.
Kendali Robot Spray Disinfektan Otomatis
Authors: APRIANI YOSI , ANWAR WIWIN ARMOLDO OKTAVIANI , SUARNI ERTATI
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAKPenyebaran Covid-19 dapat diminimalisir dengan bebeberapa cara diantaranya penyemprotan antiseptik. Tujuan penelitian ini menghasilkan robot yang berguna meminimalisir penyebaran Covid-19 dengan sistem kontrol otomatis menggunakan Arduino Uno R3 serta panel surya yang dikoneksikan dengan sistem IoT (Internet Of Things). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yang terdiri dari empat tahapan: 1). Mendesain (merancang) alat, 2). Tahapan pembuatan alat, 3). Tahapan ujicoba alat, 4) Tahapan analisis alat. Ketika ada benda yang berada pada titik atau jarak tertentu maka sensor ultrasonik akan mendeteksinya dan akan mengirimkan sinyal ke mikrokontroler selanjutnya robot akan bekerja kembali seuai perintah dari android. Hasil pengujian saat ada obstacle dengan nilai v= 11,40 Volt di dapat nilai acuan pengukuran dan nilai hasil pengkuruan memiliki nilai rentang error tertinggi pada saat nilai acuan 55 cm dan nilai hasil pengukuran 52 cm. Pengujian RPM pada roda kiri posisi (maju) nilai tertinggi sebesar 40,0 RPM dan roda kanan 39,7 RPM.Kata kunci: Arduino, robot, android, IoT, Covid-19, panel surya ABSTRACTThe spread of Covid-19 can be minimized in several ways, including spraying antiseptics. The purpose of this research is to produce a robot that is useful for minimizing the spread of Covid-19 with an automatic control system using Arduino Uno R3 and solar panels that are connected to the IoT (Internet Of Things) system. This study uses a research method consisting of four stages: 1). Designing (designing) tools, 2). Stages of making tools, 3). Stages of testing tools, 4) Stages of tool analysis. When there is an object that is at a certain point or distance, the ultrasonic sensor will detect it and will send a signal to the microcontroller then the robot will work again according to the command from the android. The test results when there is an obstacle with a value of v = 11.40 Volts the measurement reference value is obtained and the measurement result value has the highest error range value when the reference value is 55 cm and the measurement value is 52 cm. RPM testing on the left wheel position (forward) the highest value of 40.0 RPM and the right wheel 39.7 RPM.Keywords: Arduino, robot, android, IoT, Covid-19, solar panels
Pengadukan Pupuk Cair Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler pada Sistem Fertigasi Pintar
Authors: ROSMA ISWADI HASYIM , SUKMA DIAN YAYAN , SARE SATRIA
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAKPengadukan pupuk cair secara manual memiliki kekurangan, yaitu rendahnya akurasi campuran hanya sekitar 50% sehinggga dibutuhkannya pengadukan pupuk otomatis untuk meningkatkan akurasi campuran pupuk dan air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan perancangan, pembuatan, serta analisis sistem pengadukan pupuk otomatis berbasis mikrokontroler. Bagian dari sistem pengaduk pupuk dibagi menjadi dua bagian utama. Bagian pertama adalah komponen mekanik yang terdiri dari tangki air, tangki pupuk cair, dan motor pengaduk. Sedangkan bagian kedua adalah sistem kendali berupa mikrokontroler arduino untuk mengatur volume air, volume pupuk cair, dan lama pengadukan. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan bahwa keberhasilan pencampuran pupuk cair EM4 adalah sebesar 99,561%, sedangkan untuk pupuk hijau sebesar 98,551%. Sebagai kesimpulan, sistem fertigasi pintar yang dibangun dapat beroperasi dengan baik dan akurasi diatas 90%.Kata kunci: Sistem Fertigasi, Arduino, Pengadukan, Pupuk cair, Air ABSTRACTManual mixing of liquid fertilizers has drawbacks, namely the low accuracy of the mixture, only about 50%, so that automatic fertilizer mixing is needed to increase the accuracy of the fertilizer and water mixture. The purpose of this study was to design, manufacture, and analyze a microcontroller-based automatic fertilizer mixing system. The part of the fertilizer mixing system is divided into two main parts. The first part is a mechanical component consisting of a water tank, a liquid fertilizer tank, and a stirrer motor. While the second part is a control system in the form of an Arduino microcontroller to regulate the volume of water, the volume of liquid fertilizer, and the stirring time. From the test results, it was found that the success of mixing EM4 liquid fertilizer was 99.561%, while for green manure it was 98.551%. In conclusion, the smart fertigation system built can operate well and the accuracy is above 90%.Keywords: Fertigation System, Arduino, Stirring, Liquid Fertilizer, Water
Evaluasi Optimizer pada Residual Network untuk Klasifikasi Klon Teh Seri GMB Berbasis Citra Daun
Authors: USMAN KOREDIANTO , PRATIWI NOR KUMALASARI CAECAR , IBRAHIM NUR , SYAHRIAN HERI , RAHADI VITRIA PUSPITASARI
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAKKomoditas teh berperan strategis terhadap pertumbuhan perekonomian Indonesia, salah satunya dari teh klon Gambung (GMB). Klon GMB memiliki beberapa karakter khas, dengan tingkat kemiripan morfologi yang sangat tinggi. Hal ini berdampak pada proses pengenalan klon GMB dilakukan melalui pengamatan visual oleh tenaga ahli sangat rentan terhadap kesalahan identifikasi. Sehingga, dalam penelitian ini dirancang suatu sistem identifikasi terhadap 11 klon teh seri GMB (GMB-1 hingga GMB-11) dengan menggunakan arsitektur ResNet101. Evaluasi sistem akan dilakukan dengan membandingkan tujuh algoritma optimizer yang berbeda, yaitu; Adam, SGD, RMSProp, AdaGrad, AdaMax, AdaDelta dan Nadam. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa Adam dan SGD memberikan nilai rata-rata presisi, recall dan F1-score terbaik. Selain itu, Adam memberikan nilai akurasi yang cenderung stabil sejak iterasi pertama. Metode yang diusulkan memberikan tingkat presisi, recall, F1-score sebesar 96% dan akurasi terbaik sebesar 97%.Kata kunci: klasifikasi daun teh, seri Gambung (GMB), CNN, ResNet101 ABSTRACTGambung (GMB) tea is one of the tea commodities that plays a key role in Indonesia's economic development. GMB clones have a number of distinguishing characteristics, including a high degree of morphological similarities. This has an impact on the process of identifying GMB clones through visual observation by experts who are subject to mistakes. In this study, ResNet101 architecture was used to create an identification scheme for 11 tea clones from the GMB series (GMB-1 to GMB-11). System evaluation will be carried out by comparing seven different optimizer; Adam, SGD, RMSProp, AdaGrad, AdaMax, AdaDelta, and Nadam. The test results indicate that Adam and SGD have the highest average accuracy, recall, and f1-score values. Adam also has an accuracy value that has remained consistent since the first iteration. The proposed method provides highest precision, recall, F1-score of 96% and accuracy of 97%.Keywords: tea leaves classification, GMB series, CNN, ResNet101
Model Kanal 5G dengan Pengaruh Kelembapan pada Frekuensi 3,3 GHz dan Bandwidth 99 MHz Berbasis Convolutional Codes
Authors: WAHYUNINGRUM RENI DYAH , NI’AMAH KHOIRUN , LARASATI SOLICHAH
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAKGenerasi telekomunikasi kelima (5G) diterapkan pada 2021 dengan frekuensi tinggi yang menyebabkan redaman yang besar dibandingkan pita sub-1 GHz. Penelitian ini mengkaji sistem 5G dengan frekuensi operasi 3,3 GHz dan bandwidth 99 MHz berdasarkan spesifikasi 5G dari Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) numerologi μ = 1 menggunakan parameter lingkungan yang diukur secara langsung di kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa model kanal 5G dengan pengaruh kelembapan maksimum memiliki power delay profile (PDP) 9 path dengan nilai daya yang lebih kecil dan outage performances (𝑅>𝐶) yang lebih buruk dengan gap sebesar 0,3 dB dibandingkan dengan pengaruh kelembapan minimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan convolutional codes dapat membantu menghemat Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) dengan gap sebesar 3 dB. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi perkembangan komunikasi nirkabel 5G di Indonesia.Kata kunci: 5G, model kanal, convolutional codes, PDP, FER, BER. ABSTRACTThe fifth generation of telecommunications (5G) implemented in 2021, where high frequency which causes a large attenuation compared to the sub-1 GHz band. This research examines a 5G system with an operating frequency of 3.3 GHz and a bandwidth of 99 MHz based on the 5G specification of the Cyclic Prefix - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) numerology μ = 1 using environmental parameters measured directly in Bandung, Indonesia. This research shows that the 5G channel model under maximum humidity has a 9 power delay profile (PDP) with a smaller power value and worse outage performances (𝑅>𝐶) with a gap of 0.3 dB compared to the effect of minimum humidity. The results showed that the use of convolutional codes can save the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) with gap of 3 dB. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the development of 5G wireless communications in Indonesia.Keywords: 5G, channel model, convolutional codes, PDP, FER, BER.
Perencanaan PLTS Rooftop untuk Kawasan Pabrik Teh PT Pagilaran Batang
Authors: REGA MUHAMMAD SULTHON NOVERA , SINAGA NAZARUDDIN , WINDARTA JAKA
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAKKawasan perkebunan teh PT Pagilaran Batang, Jawa Tengah memiliki nilai radiasi rata-rata 5,30 kWh/m2/hari sepanjang tahun 2019 dan rata-rata 4,66 kWh/m2/hari dalam rentang 1997-2019. Konsumsi beban listrik PT Pagilaran secara keseluruhan adalah sebesar 2.853.919,89 kWh/tahun. Khusus untuk konsumsi beban listrik pabrik produksi dan pengolahan adalah sebesar 657.104,90 kWh/tahun dengan sumber listrik konvensional PLN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain dan mengetahui unjuk kerja potensi energi listrik yang dapat dihasilkan PLTS rooftop menggunakan simulasi HelioScope sebagai rekomendasi penggunaan energi terbarukan. Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh potensi energi listrik yang dapat dihasilkan oleh PLTS rooftop adalah 629.840,80 kWh/tahun yang dapat memenuhi 95,85% kebutuhan beban listrik untuk pabrik produksi dan pengolahan teh dengan rasio kinerja sebesar 77,5%.Kata kunci: HelioScope, Photovoltaic, PLTS Rooftop, Rasio Kinerja, Tenaga Surya ABSTRACTThe tea plantation area of PT Pagilaran Batang, Central Java has an average radiation value of 5.30 kWh/m2/day throughout 2019 and an average of 4.66 kWh/m2/day in the span of 1997-2019. The electrical load consumption of PT Pagilaran is 2,853,919.89 kWh/year. Specifically for the electrical load consumption in the tea production and processing plants is 657,104.90 kWh/year with conventional electricity source from PLN. This study aims to design and determine the potential solar rooftop performance assessment of electrical energy that could be generated using the HelioScope simulation as the recommendation for applying renewable energy. Based on the simulation result, the potential of electrical energy that can be generated by PLTS rooftop is 629,840.80 kWh/year which could meet 95.85% of the electrical load consumption for the tea production and processing plants with performance ratio of 77.5%.Keywords: HelioScope, Photovoltaic, Solar Rooftop, Performance Ratio, Solar Power
Alat Pencetak Edible Straw berbasis Mikrokontroler
Authors: EKAYANA ANAK AGUNG GDE , SANTIKA I GEDE AGUS ARI
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAKPenggunaan plastik saat ini banyak digunakan diberbagai kegiatan masyarakat, dampak dari penggunaan plastik terlalu banyak menyebabkan polusi pada lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membangun alat yang menghasilkan sedotan minuman dengan bahan yang ramah lingkungan, bahan yang digunakan menggunakan agar-agar rumput laut nutrijell yang aman untuk dikonsumsi. Alat pencetak sedotan dirancang menggunakan komponen elektronika, diantaranya sensor suhu DS18B20, mikrokontroler, elemen pemanas dan kipas. Tahapan dalam proses rancang bangun meliputi perancangan mekanik, material cetakan menggunakan stainless steel, perancangan sistem elektronika dan perancangan perangkat lunak. Hasil pengujian dari alat pencetak edible straw mendapatkan hasil sedotan yang bervariasi dari segi bentuk dan tekstur, pada proses kerjanya alat pencetak sedotan dapat mengatur waktu pemanas dari kisaran waktu 5 – 30 menit, sedotan tersebut dipanaskan selama 30 menit dari suhu awal dengan suhu terukur pada menit ke-30 adalah 62oC. Kata kunci: edible, sedotan, pemanas, mikrokontroler, agar-agar nutrijell  ABSTRACTThe use of plastic is currently widely used in various community activities, the impact of using too much plastic causes pollution to the environment. This study aims to design and build a device that produces drinking straws with environmentally friendly materials, the materials used are using nutrijell seaweed jelly which is safe for consumption. The straw printer is designed using electronic components, including the DS18B20 temperature sensor, microcontroller, heating element and fan. The stages in the design process include mechanical design, mold material using stainless steel, electronic system design and software design. The test results from the edible straw printer get straws that vary in terms of shape and texture, in the working process the straw printer can set the heating time from a time range of 5 - 30 minutes, the straws are heated for 30 minutes from the initial temperature with a measured temperature in minutes 30th is 62oC.Keywords: edible, straw, heater, microcontroller, nutrijell jelly
Perancangan Alat Pembuangan Abu Pada Gasifier Sistem Kontinu Berbahan Bakar Tongkol Jagung
Authors: Nugraha Noviyanti , Sirodz Muhammad Pramuda , Hadiwijaya Benardino
Published: October 2021

Abstrak   Indonesia membutuhkan energi alternatif yang berpeluang besar untuk dikembangkan pemanfaatannya, salah satunya adalah energi biomassa yang berasal dari jagung. Pada penelitian sebelumnya sudah dirancang dan dibuat sistem gasifikasi kontinu, tetapi masih terdapat kekurangan pada pemisahan abu setelah pembakaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang sistem pemisah abu pada sistem gasifikasi kontinu sehingga didapatkan spesifikasi dari sistem pemisah abu tersebut. Sistem pemisah abu yang dirancang adalah screw conveyor untuk memisahkan bottom ash dan siklon untuk memisahkan fly ash. Hasil perancangan diperoleh spesifikasi yang dibutuhkan yaitu diameter screw sebesar 6 inci, motor listrik yang digunakan memiliki daya 1 HP, putaran screw sebesar 0,31 rpm dan poros screw conveyor sebesar 2 inci. Dengan standar yang sudah diberikan, dengan mengasumsikan diameter body siklon sebesar 0,1 m maka diperoleh seluruh dimensi siklon. Dengan diameter sebesar 0,1 m secara perhitungan didapat efisiensi siklon sebesar 78% dan secara simulasi menggunakan software ANSYS didapat efisiensi sebesar 80%. Kata kunci: tongkol jagung, gasifikasi, screw conveyor, siklon, ANSYS Abstract   Indonesia needs alternative energy that has a great opportunity to be developed its utilization, one of which is biomass energy derived from corn. In previous studies, a continuous gasification system has been designed and built, but there are still deficiencies in the separation of ash after combustion. The purpose of this research is to design an ash separator system in a continuous gasification system so that the specifications of the ash separator system can be obtained. The ash separator system designed is a screw conveyor for separating bottom ash and cyclones for separating fly ash. The design results obtained the required specifications,  the screw diameter is 6 inches, the electric motor used has a power of 1 HP, the screw rotation is 0.31 rpm and the screw conveyor shaft is 2 inches. With the standards that have been given, assuming the diameter of the cyclone body is 0.1 m, all the dimensions of the cyclone are obtained. With a diameter of 0.1 m, the calculation is that the cyclone efficiency is 78% and by simulation using the ANSYS software, the efficiency is 80%. Key words: corn cobs, gasification, screw conveyor, cyclone, ANSYS
Penggunaan Bioetanol Sebagai Alternatif Campuran Bahan Bakar Pada Mesin Otto
Authors: Hariono Agus , Hertomo Bambang , Kasijanto Kasijanto
Published: October 2021

Abstrak Ketersediaan bahan bakar fosil untuk penggerak kendaaran bermotor semakin menipis, akibat bertambah kendaraan yang beroperasi di jalan raya, sehingga perlu pemikiran energy terbarukan lai sebagai alternatif penggantinya,  Alternatif tumbuhan yaitu singkong sebagai sumber energi sebagai penggantinya perlu pemikiran lanjut. Bioethanol dari singkong ini dilakukan dengan proses fermentasu selama 5 hari dengan dicampu ragi, Tujuan menentukan daya dan torsi terbesar serta sfc terkecil saat menggunakan campuran bioetanol E10, E15 dan E20 dengan pertalite. Metode pengujian daya dan torsi sesuai standar ISO 1585 untuk mendapatkann data, selanjutnya diolah menggunakan statistik. Variabel tetapnya bioetanol (E10, E15 dan E20). Variabel berubahnya daya, torsi, konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik (sfc) dan putaran mesin. Hasil daya terbesar saat menggunakan E10 sebesar 6,67hP dan torsinya 6,58hP sedang untuk E15 dayanya sebesar 6,10hP torsinya 6,22Nm serta untuk E-20 dayanya 6,18hP torisnya 6,36Nm. Sfc terkecil untuk E10 sebesar 0,0120kg/hP,jam dan untuk E15 sebesar 0,0232kg/hP.jam serta untuk E20 sebesar 0,202kg/hp.jam. Kata kunci: bioetanol, daya, konsumsi bahan bakar Abstract The availability of traditional fuels for driving motorized vehicles is running low, due to the increasing number of vehicles operating on the highway, so it is necessary to think about other renewable energy as an alternative replacement. Namely cassava plants as an alternative energy sources as a replacement needs to be thought further. This bioethanol from cassava is obtained through a fermentation process for 5 days mixed with yeast. The aim is to determine the biggest power and torque as well as the smallest SFC when pertalite is mixed with bioethanol E10, E15 and E20. The power and torque testing method is according to ISO 1585 standard to obtain data, then it is processed statistically. The fixed variable is bioethanol (E10, E15 and E20). Free variable is changes in power, torque, specific fuel consumption (SFC) and engine speed. The biggest power is 6.67hP reached when using the E10 while the torque is 6.58hP, when using the E15 the power is 6.10hP and the torque is 6.22Nm then for the E-20 the power is 6.18hP the torque is 6.36Nm. The smallest SFC is 0.0120kg / Hp.hour for E10 and 0.0232kg / hP.hours for E15 then 0.202kg / hp.h for E20. Keywords : bioethanol,  power,  fuel consumption
An analysis on the corrosion of a cultural heritage
Authors: BOZDOĞAN Ömer , YAMAN Aydan , YILMAZ Hacı Murat
Published: October 2021

Many historical landmarks and cultural heritage are being constantly destroyed through natural events and human actions. It is important to conduct corrosion analysis and two and three-dimension documentation studies to restore and transfer these landmarks to the new generations. It is particularly important to record, keep these historical heritages digitally and take precautions against the potential corrosion due to the wars, natural disasters and climatic factors that continue to the present. In this study, the corrosion in Çanlı Church (ÇanlıKilise) located in Akhisar village of the province of Aksaray in Turkey was determined and the reasons were examined. By using close-range photogrammetry method, three-dimension models and facade charts of three facades (North, West, South) of Çanlı Church have been acquired, as a result of measurements performed in four different times (2006, 2010, 2016, 2019). Overlapping all these charts in the same scale, the corrosions occurred on the facades of Çanlı Church have been examined. The meteorological data within the period when the measurements were performed were reviewed. As a result, corrosion on the North, West and South facades of Çanlı Church have been found at the level of 8%, 3%, 13% respectively. It was concluded that the storm has greater effect on the corrosion.
PKM DESA SEHAT DAN REKREATIF DESA KATONSARI KECAMATAN DEMAK KABUPATEN DEMAK
Authors: Kusumawardhana Buyung , Wibisana Muh. Isna Nurdin , Kresnapati Pandu , Setiyawan Danang Aji , Pratama Dani Slamet
Published: October 2021

Desa Katonsari di Kabupaten Demak merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak desa yang terletak di pinggiran Kota Demak dengan tingkat aktivitas fisik yang rendah sehingga berpotensi menurunkan indeks kesehatan masyarakat. Sehingga diperlukan adanya pendampingan untuk mengatasi masala tersebut. Pendampingan dari Tim PKM UPGRIS berupa cek kesehatan, peningkatan kesehatan, aktivitas fisik, kamandirian masyakat akan kesehatan berupa penggunaan alat-alat kesehatan. Cek kesehatan berupa tes BMI, Gula darah, Tensi. Penampingan Kesehatan berupa monitor & evaluasi sedangkan aktivitas fisik berupa pendampingan senam aerobik & permainan tradisional. Solusi tersebut menggunakan metode ceramah, demonstrasi dan drill, di samping itu juga ada cek kesehatan serta pendampingan berkala. Hasil dari program ini adalah peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat, peningkatan kebugaran jasmani dan peningkatan kemandirian.
KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT KALURAHAN REJOMULYO
Authors: Zahnnisa Utvi Hinda , Herlambang Tubagus , Wiyanto Agus
Published: October 2021

Kesehatan gigi dan mulut mempengaruhi kesehatan gigi dan mulut, gigi dan mulut yang sehat akan berdampak pada kesehatan tubuh yang semakin membaik, kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang baik diperlukan dalam kegiatan sehari-hari terutama dalam berbicara dan mengkonsumsi makanan serta minuman. Namun, kesehatan gigi dan mulut masih kurang mendapatkan perhatian terutama pada anak usia sekolah yang dalam proses tumuh kembang, dan masih bergantung pada orang tua dalam hal kesehatan dan kebersihan gigi serta mulut.        Perawatan gigi, mulut yang terabaikan menjadi permasalahan dari mitra, hal ini tentunya akan berdampak pada kesehatan anggota keluarga. Hal ini akan berdampak pada kesehatan anak, kurang pedulinya terhadap perawatan gigi dan mulut dikarenakan orang tua dalam keluarga tidak mengetahui pentingnya merawat kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Sehingga, dari pendampingan tersebut mampu memberikan minat kepada masyarakat bahwa kesehatan perlu di lakukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
SOSIALISASI DAN BIMBINGAN BEROLAHRAGA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 BAGI GENERASI-Z DI KOTA PALANGKARAYA
Authors: Harvianto Yudo -
Published: October 2021

Exercise is an important as well as recommended activity during the current pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Exercise is also a way to improve human’s body fitness and stamina, so that it will boost the immune system. Good immune system will fight the Covid-19 better, but the problem now is how to start new habits in order to avoid transmission of this deadly virus. Inevitably, people need to change to do the new habits in all aspects of life, such as in social, in economic, in education and in health. The habits should be adapted to the public health protocols including in doing daily exercises. In some places, there are still many z-generations who are doing exercise while avoiding to comply those health protocols required by the government.  This means that the exercise they are doing is not safe for their health and can even harm themselves.  Some examples are (1) using a mask when doing an intense exercise, (2) not maintaining the suggested distance when doing group exercise, and (3) not bringing drinks from home. The aim of this activity is for the millennial generation to do exercisr properly during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used was a regular socialization and guidance in carrying out exercises during a pandemic in accordance with good and right health protocols. The result showed that participants have properly and correctly understood and applied the required health protocols while doing exercises during the pandemic.Keywords: Excersice, Health Protocols, Z-Generations
Screening Suhu Tubuh untuk Pencegahan Penyebaran Virus Covid-19 pada Posko Kewaspadaan Pandemi
Authors: Yusuf Jamaludin
Published: October 2021

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengukuran suhu tubuh guna deteksi awal gejala covid-19 dan melakukan sosialisasi tentang penularan gejala, bahaya dan pencegahan penyebaran covid-19 bagi pendatang/pemudik dari luar kota. Target luaran kegiatan ini adalah Deteksi dini penularan covid-19 melalui pengecekan suhu tubuh kepada pendatang dari luar kota, terutama yang berasal dari zona merah dan Peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pencegahan, penularan, gejala dan bahaya penyebaran covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dibedakan menjadi dua tahap, pada tahap pertama dilakukan observasi langsung, yaitu: tim datang ke lokasi untuk mengukur suhu tubuh pemudik. Tahap kedua penyuluhan, yaitu tim menerangkan secara langsung mengenai pencegahan, penularan, gejala dan bahaya penyebaran covid-19. Kegiatan dilakukan selama 1 hari di posko Kewaspadaan Covid-19 Kecamatan Kedungwuni Kabupaten Pekalongan.
Kesehatan dan Kebugaran Jasmani Melalui Senam Sehat di Desa Kebondowo
Authors: Hadi Husnul , Kusumawardhana Buyung
Published: October 2021

Health is one of the important factors in life so that one's good and unfavorable health will have an impact on other activities that will be undertaken. For the public, the best step that can be taken is to prevent various diseases that can arise at any time. Preventive action that can be done is to carry out physical activities and regular and systematic exercise so as to increase one's physical fitness level. PKM Gymnastics participants are Kebondowo Village community ranging from elementary school students, teenagers, adults and the community in general. Through PKM Gymnastics is given knowledge and understanding of the basics of the gymnastics movement. Gymnastic movements start from learning footsteps, hand swing movements, combination movements and alignment with the rhythm of music in accordance with the type of movement. The public is given education related to how to maintain a healthy body to stay healthy and fit. The public is recommended to always do sports activities at least 3 times a week, and in one activity a minimum of 30 minutes of activity.Keyword: Gymnastics, Healthy, Fitness.Abstrak: Kesehatan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam kehidupan sehingga baik dan kurang baiknya kesehatan seseorang akan berdampak pada aktivitas lain yang akan dijalani. Bagi masyarakat langkah terbaik yang dapat dilakukan adalah tindakan pencegahan terhadap berbagai penyakit yang dapat muncul kapanpun. Tindakan pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah melakukan aktivitas jasmani dan olahraga yang teratur dan sistematis sehingga dapat meningkatkan tingkat kebugaran jasmani seseorang. Peserta PKM Senam merupakan masyarakat Desa Kebondowo mulai dari pelajar SD, usia remaja, dewasa dan masyarakat secara umum. Melalui PKM Senam ini diberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman dasar-dasar gerakan senam. Gerakan senam dimulai dari mempelajari gerakan langkah kaki, gerakan ayunan tangan, gerakan kombinasi serta penyelarasan dengan irama musik yang sesuai dengan jenis gerakan. Masyarakat diberikan edukasi terkait bagaimana menjaga kesehatan tubuh agar tetap selalu sehat dan bugar. Masyarakat dianjurkan untuk selalu melakukan aktivitas olahraga minimal 3 kali dalam seminggu, dan dalam satu aktivitas minimal melakukan aktivitas 30 menit.Kata Kunci: Senam, Sehat, Kebugaran.