Insight on the results of three different correlation analyses between satellite TIR anomalies and earthquake occurrence
Authors: Filizzola Carolina , Colonna Roberto , Eleftheriou Alexander , Genzano Nicola , Hattori Katsumi , Lisi Mariano , Pergola Nicola , Vallianatos Filippos , Satriano Valeria , Tramutoli Valerio 
Published: March 2021

&lt;p&gt;In order to evaluate the potentiality of the parameter &amp;#8220;RST-based satellite TIR anomalies&amp;#8221; in relation with earthquake (M&amp;#8805;4) occurrence, in recent years we performed three long-term statistical correlation analyses on different seismically active areas, such as Greece (Eleftheriou et al., 2016), Italy (Genzano et al., 2020), and Japan (Genzano et al., 2021).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With this aim, by means of the RST (Robust Satellite Techniques; Tramutoli, 1998, 2007) approach we analysed ten-year time series of satellite images collected by the SEVIRI sensor (on board the MSG platforms) over Greece (2004-2013) and Italy (2004-2014), and by the JAMI and IMAGER sensors (on board the MTSAT satellites) over Japan (2005-2015). &amp;#160;By applying empirical spatial-temporal rules, which are established also taking account of the physical models up to now proposed to explain seismic TIR anomaly appearances, the performed long -term correlation analyses put in relief that a non-casual relation exists between satellite TIR anomalies and the occurrence of earthquakes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, in the carried out studies we introduced and validated refinements and improvements to the RST approach, which are able to minimize the proliferation of the false positives (i.e. TIR anomalies independent from the seismic sources, but due to other causes such as meteorological factors).&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we summarize the achieved results and discuss them from the perspective of a multi-parameter system, which could improve our present knowledge on the earthquake-related processes and increase our capacity to assess the seismic hazard in the medium-short term (months to days).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eleftheriou, A., C. Filizzola, N. Genzano, T. Lacava, M. Lisi, R. Paciello, N. Pergola, F. Vallianatos, and V. Tramutoli (2016), Long-Term RST Analysis of Anomalous TIR Sequences in Relation with Earthquakes Occurred in Greece in the Period 2004&amp;#8211;2013, Pure Appl. Geophys., 173(1), 285&amp;#8211;303, doi:10.1007/s00024-015-1116-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Genzano, N., C. Filizzola, M. Lisi, N. Pergola, and V. Tramutoli (2020), Toward the development of a multi parametric system for a short-term assessment of the seismic hazard in Italy, Ann. Geophys, 63, 5, PA550, doi:10.4401/ag-8227.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Genzano, N., C. Filizzola, K. Hattori, N. Pergola, and V. Tramutoli (2021), Statistical correlation analysis between thermal infrared anomalies observed from MTSATs and large earthquakes occurred in Japan (2005 - 2015), Journal of Geophysics Research &amp;#8211; Solid Earth, doi: 10.1029/2020JB020108 (accepted).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tramutoli, V. (1998), Robust AVHRR Techniques (RAT) for Environmental Monitoring: theory and applications, in Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 3496, edited by E. Zilioli, pp. 101&amp;#8211;113, doi: 10.1117/12.332714&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tramutoli, V. (2007), Robust Satellite Techniques (RST) for Natural and Environmental Hazards Monitoring and Mitigation: Theory and Applications, in 2007 International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Images, pp. 1&amp;#8211;6, IEEE. doi: 10.1109/MULTITEMP.2007.4293057&lt;/p&gt;