bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural Care Practices Provided at Home by the Zenú Indigenous Mothers to their Premature Children and to Those with Low Birth Weight
Authors: Ortiz Anaya Yalena , Guillermo Rojas Juan Guillermo Rojas
Published: July 2022

Objective. The work’s aim was to comprehend the cultural practices of the care by Zenú indigenous mothers to their newborn premature children and those of low birth weight by implementing the Kangaroo-Mother method at home.

Methods. Qualitative study of particularistic ethnographic approach, with participation from eight mothers and two key informants trained in the Kangaroo-Mother method, who were interviewed and observed in their homes, in the municipalities of San Andrés de Sotavento, Tuchín, Sampués, and San Antonio de Palmitos from the Departments of Córdoba and Sucre (Colombia), respectivelyEthnographic analysis was performed. The criteria of data saturation and methodological rigor, typical of qualitative research, were applied.

Results. Eight Zenú indigenous mothers and two key informants from the family participated in the study. The themes emerging were the context, a different experience, adaptations of the Kangaroo-Mother method at home and care practices, protection and healing based on customs and cultural tradition.

Conclusion. The indigenous mothers provide holistic care to their newborn premature children and those with low birth weight, by integrating the knowledge and practices of the Kangaroo-Mother method and with the ancestral practices of care, protection, and healing characteristic of the context and culture; thus, transcending the use of resources available in the environment.
Depressive disorders and quality of live in patients with acute coronary syndrome in real clinical practice
Authors: Konstantinova E. V. , Koroleva E. A. , Popova A. G. , Popov E. E. , Anichkov D. A. , Svet A. V. , Nesterov A. P. , Gilyarov M. Yu.
Published: July 2022

Objective. To study the prevalence of depressive disorders using Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the daily work of the Regional Vascular Center in various gender and social subgroups and to compare their severity with the life quality level.

Materials and Methods. The survey included 116 (57 female and 59 male) patients, admitted to Regional Vascular Center with ACS from March to November 2020 (Group 1), and 49 patients hospitalized with other cardiological pathology (Group 2), who made up a comparison group comparable in gender, age, presence of diabetes mellitus, heart attack and stroke in anamnesis.

Results. In Group I the score on SDS was higher or equal to 50 (depression) in 18 % of cases: 15 % female and 3 % male patients (p <0.05). The average score on SDS was notably higher in women than in men (p <0.05). In Group 2 depression was detected in 27 % of cases, without gender differences. The average level of depression was higher in older age groups, both in men and women, in patients with ACS and without ACS. A negative correlation was established for the indicators of SDS and SF-36: in Group 1 r = –0.62, p <0.05, in Group 2 r = –0.76, p <0.05. In Group 1 indicators of health physical component (SF-36) among women were: physical functioning 50, role functioning 34, general health 51, in men: 80, 58 and 63 respectively (p <0.05). In Group 2 these indicators significantly differed only in physical functioning: 60 female and 72 male. In Group 1 depression was observed in 2 % of working and in 30 % of non-working patients (p <0.05); in Group 2: 0 and 34 % respectively. In Groups 1 and 2 depression was found in 10 and 5 % among married, in 31 and 43 % among unmarried patients (p <0.05). In Group 1 depression was detected in 31 % among patients with diabetes, in 12 % – without diabetes (p <0.05). The other analyzed diseases did not have a significant effect on the de pression score.

Conclusions. The presence of ACS was associated with depressive disorders in women. At the same time, the severity of depressive disorders was inversely correlated with the quality of life. In women with ACS, the physical component and the psychological component of health on the quality of life scale are significantly lower in comparison with men. In addition, the absence of work and marriage negatively affected the prevalence of depressive disorders among all examined patients. And the presence of diabetes mellitus was associated with a higher level of depression among patients with ACS. It is necessary to develop and implement specialized rehabilitation programs for the following subgroups of patients with ACS and depression – unemployed and unmarried women, with a low level of quality of life, elderly patients, patients with diabetes mellitus.
The frequency of sarcopenia and factors affecting appendicular muscle mass in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Sorokina A.  O. , Demin N. V. , Dobrovolskaya O. V. , Toroptsova N. V.
Published: July 2022

Aim. To determine the frequency of sarcopenia (SP) and to identify factors associated with the muscle mass in women with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Materials and methods. The study included 64 women with SSc aged 40–70 years. Questionnaires, clinical, instrumental, laboratory examinations and absorptiometry. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associat ed with appendicular muscle mass (AMM).

Results. Probable SP was detected in 35 (54.7 %), and confirmed SP – 17 (26.5 %) women with SSc. The frequency of SP did not differ depending on the form of the disease. Univariate linear analysis revealed the relationship between the AMM and BMI, nutritional status; mid-upper arm, waist, hip and calf circumferences, skin Rodnan score, cumulative dose of glucocorticoids (GC) and BMD of the proximal hip. Multivariate linear analysis confirmed the presence of associations between the AMM index and BMI (b = 0.65; p <0.001), the Rodnan skin score (b = –0.19; p = 0.047), the cumulative dose of GC (b = –0.22; p = 0.021).

Conclusion. The study demonstrated that more than a quarter of patients with SSc had a confirmed SP. Although age is the main risk factor for SP in the general population, in our study it did not differ between patients with low and normal AMM. The cumulative dose of GC and the Rodnan skin score were negatively, and BMI was positively associated with the value of AMМ.
Efficient Clustering Protocol Based on Stochastic Matrix & MCL and Data Routing for Mobile Wireless Sensors Network
Authors: Mezghani Omnia , Abdellaoui Mahmoud
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we have already presented a new approach for data routing dedicated to mobile Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) based on clustering. The proposed method is based on stochastic matrix and on the Markov Chain Cluster (MCL) algorithm to organize a large number of mobile sensors into clusters without defining the required clusters number in advance. It is based on mobile sensors connectivity to determinethe optimal number of clusters and to form compact and well separated clusters. Our proposed approach is a distributed method using nodes locations, degrees and theirs residual energies during the cluster head election. Simulation results showed that the proposed approach reduced the loss packets rate by 80%, the energy consumption by 30% and improved the data delivery rate by 70% compared to LEACH-M protocol. Moreover, it outperforms the E-MBC protocol and reduced the average energy consumption and loss packets rate by 60%; as well as it improved the success packets delivery rate by 40%.
Diurnal dynamics of rat blood electrolytes at constant lighting and chronic alcohol intoxication
Authors: Kirillov Yuri A. , Makartseva Lyudmila A. , Kozlova Maria A. , Muratova Marina V. , Chernov Igor A. , Areshidze David A.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Violation of the lighting regime, as well as alcohol abuse, is significant factors in the disorganization of biorhythms in the modern world. Violation of rhythm leads to a mismatch of body functions, as a result to disadaptation, the occurrence of desynchronosis and the development of a number of socially significant diseases.
AIM: Study of influence of constant lighting, chronic alcohol intoxication and joint action of these factors on diurnal dynamics of several electrolytes in blood of rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 160 male of Wistar outbred stock at age of 6 months, with body weight of 300 20 g, which were divided into 4 groups. Control group animals, which were kept under conditions of fixed light regime (light:darkness = 10:14 hours), I group animals, which were kept under conditions of fixed light regime, but received a 15% water solution of ethanol as a drink, II group animals, which were kept under conditions of constant light regime, III group animals, which were kept under conditions of constant light regime and received a 15% water solution of ethanol as a drink. In blood samples, taken at 9:00, 15:00, 21:00 and 3:00 oclock, the concentration of total calcium, potassium, sodium, chlorine and phosphorus was measured. The reliability of circadian rhythmicity was determined through cosinor analysis.
RESULTS: The increase in the concentration of phosphorus in the blood plasma of animals of II and III experimental groups was found with the decrease in the concentration of total calcium in animals of I and III experimental groups. Constant lighting and chronic alcohol intoxication affect the amplitude-phase characteristics of the circadian rhythms of all studied ions, and the combined action of these factors causes the destruction of the circadian rhythms of the studied electrolytes.
CONCLUSIONS: It is established that the three-weeks-long influence of the studied chronodestructors leads to disruptions in metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, which are the most pronounced at joint action of darkness deprivation and chronic alcohol intoxication, and also to the significant disruptions in the structure of CRs of all of studied substances.
Multiple functions of tumor supressor p53
Authors: Gudkova Alexandra Ya. , Antimonova Olga I. , Shavlovsky Mikhail M.
Published: July 2022

One of the most investigated and inscrutable eukaryotic proteins is a factor positioned as tumor suppressor which structural changes are observed in 50% of malignant cells. In the literature this protein is referred to as p53. The generalized function of p53 resolves to maintaining of cell genetic stability and preventing cell automatization. Therefore, p53 was called the keeper, or guardian, of the genome. Suppressive activity of p53 in regard to appearance of malignant cells seems to be side function of this protein. The present review prоvides data on the role of p53 in various vital processes in eukaryotic cells. p53 is a complex protein in its domain structure, and the semi-autonomous role of individual domains is clearly discernible. Normally, p53 is not a crucial factor in ontogenesis. At the same time p53 modulates the activity of about 500 different genes and also maintains homeostasis in cells and organism directly via protein-protein interactions. In response to exogenous and endogenous impacts p53 provides a balance of cellular metabolism and either promotes elimination of abnormalities, or triggers an apoptotic cascade. The review summarizes current considerations of p53 multiple functions as well as discusses already established and not yet disclosed mechanisms concerning involvement of said factor in cellular metabolism.
The impact of nebivolol, carvedilol and propranolol on pulmonary microhemodynamics in case of experimental pulmonary thromboembolism in rabbits
Authors: Evlakhov Vadim I. , Poyassov Ilya Z. , Berezina Tatiana P.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Beta-adrenoblockers nebivolol, carvedilol and propranolol are used in clinical cardiology for the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease. Pulmonary thromboembolism can develop in such patients. However, its unknown, what will be the pulmonary microcirculatory changes in case of pulmonary thromboembolism after pretreatment with beta-blockers.
AIM: The comparative analysis of the pulmonary microhemodynamics changes following experimental pulmonary thromboembolism in rabbits after pretreatment with nebovolol, carvedilol and propranolol.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 35 isolated perfused rabbit lungs we investigated the changes of pulmonary microcirculation in case of experimental pulmonary thromboembolism after pretreatment with 1-blocker nebivolol, combined blocker of 1- and 1, 2-adrenoceptors carvedilol, and blocker of 1, 2-adrenoceptors propranolol.
RESULTS: After administration of 1, 2-adrenoceptors blocker propranolol and 1-blocker nebivolol the most of the pulmonary microcirculatory parameters increased. Combined 1-, 1, 2-blocker carvedilol caused mainly vasodilatory effects of the pulmonary arterial vessels, however, the pulmonary venous resistance increased. Pulmonary thromboembolism after pretreatment with beta-blockers caused pronounced increase of pulmonary artery pressure, precapillary and pulmonary vascular resistance. In that case after pretreatment with carvedilol capillary filtration coefficient was increased two times more than after propranolol administration; after pretreatment with nebivolol capillary filtration coefficient increased less, than after propranolol administration.
CONCLUSIONS: Acute pulmonary embolism caused less pronounced increasing of capillary filtration coefficient in case of nebivolol administration, than after pretreatment with carvedilol and propranolol.
Cognitive dysfunction, pain and affective disorders in patients with Chiari malformation type 1 in the context of reciprocal relationships
Authors: Kokurkina Radmila G. , Mendelevich Elena G.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND. Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) is a multicomponent pathology. The CM1 symptom complex has a variable structure within the limits of cerebrospinal fluid, cerebellar, brainstem and spinal disorders. A new component is cognitive dysfunction. Various hypotheses of its formation are discussed. Along with the independent role of CM1 in the development of cognitive dysfunction, great importance is attached to pain and affective disorders.
AIM. To identify the features of cognitive status in patients with CM1 and to assess the relationship with pain and affective disorders.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 110 adult patients with CM1 aged 25.616.9 years. The control group consisted of 50 people aged 26.365.0 years. The assessment of neuroimaging parameters was carried out on an MR tomograph with an induction of a magnetic field of 1.5 T. MMSE, MoCA, and the Trail Making Test were used to assess cognitive status. The pain syndrome was assessed using the SF-MPQ-2-RU questionnaire and the visual analogue scale, assessment of affective disorders HADS and DASS-21.
RESULTS. Patients with CM1 had significantly lower cognitive indicators. Deficits are found in the domains of executive functioning, visual-spatial skills, attention, delayed recall and speech. The association of cognitive decline and pathognomonic headache for CM1 may indicate the presence of common pathogenic mechanisms. The decisive importance probably belongs to cerebellar dysregulation dysfunction of the universal process of cerebellar transformation. It is assumed that emotional disorders collectively affect the structure of cognitive status, not being the main link in pathogenesis.
CONCLUSIONS. Patients with CM1 show significant cognitive decline. Cerebellar dysregulation may be a common mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction and pathognomonic for CM1 headache. Emotional disorders collectively affect the structure of cognitive status, not being the main link in pathogenesis.
Efficacy of hypnotherapy in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Markin Kirill V. , Temniy Alexandr V. , Dnov Konstantin V.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND. Hypnotherapy is one of the treatments for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
AIM. Meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of its use and to identify the most optimal conditions for its implementation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. We analyzed Scientific medical databases PubMed, EMBASE, eLibrary for the period from 2005 to 2022. Studies performed on adult samples of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IBS on the basis of Rome IIIV with a control group were selected. Included studies were analyzed for risks of bias and publication bias. Clinical efficacy was assessed by comparing data on gastrointestinal symptoms reduction and psychological condition. A subgroup analysis was used to compare the effectiveness of group and individual hypnotherapy, as well as the number of sessions conducted.
RESULTS. Nine studies (867 patients) were included in the final meta-analysis. Hypnotherapy was significantly more effective in reducing gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with IBS compared to controls (SMD=0.25 [95% CI 0.020.49], I2=53%, p=0.03), with positive effects persisting up to one year (SMD=0.34 [95% CI 0.070.60], p=0.01). Hypnotherapy resulted in an equalization of the psychological distress (MD=1.09 [95% CI from 1.27 to 3.44], p=0.37), but the results were not significant. Group hypnotherapy (SMD=0.35 [95% CI 0.010.70], p=0.05) and higher amount of hypnotherapy sessions during treatment (SMD=0.35 [95% CI 0.140.57], p=0.001) were more effective.
CONCLUSION. Based on the results of this systematic review, it is fair to assume that the most effective use of hypnotherapy in patients with IBS, including those with therapy-resistant forms, is more than 7 sessions of group hypnotherapy more than once a week with a minimum session time of 45 minutes.
Was it a malingering of a mental disorder? Clinical case of self-disclosure of the patient and its interpretation
Authors: Mendelevich Vladimir D. , Mitrofanov Ivan A.
Published: July 2022

A clinical case of Stanislav G., 18 years old, an IT-specialist, who underwent therapy in a psychiatric hospital in connection with a schizotypal disorder diagnosed in him, is described. After a month, the patient admitted that he was feigning a mental disorder, because he could not receive effective treatment for the vegetative symptoms of hypothyroidism diagnosed in him, and began an intensive search for the psychopathological causes of his own illness. He believed that he had some signs of schizotypal disorder, but they were not enough to make an official diagnosis and receive the desired psychopharmacotherapy. For persuasiveness, he studied on the Internet the anamnesis of patients and decided to simulate elements of reasoning, emasculation of associations and a distorted perception of the interlocutors words, flattening of affect. On re-examination after claiming the sham, it was concluded that he did not have the listed symptoms and that there was no scientific evidence to support any psychiatric diagnosis. Doubts in the analysis were only caused by the patients motivation to simulate psychopathology in the absence of traditional grounds for malingering (criminal prosecution, military service), and excessive intellectualization of health problems and a specific style of thinking that did not go beyond the norm. The article discusses the question of whether the patient had symptoms of schizotypal disorder and, if so, whether they could completely stop in a short period of time. The article provides substantiations for the conclusion about the detection of feigning behavior in the patient, and provides data on the differential diagnosis between the malingering of a healthy person and pseudo-simulation in schizotypal disorder, as well as observations on the specifics of the mental activity of persons with schizoid personality disorder and Aspergers syndrome diagnoses assumed in the examined.
Impact Investing
Authors:   , Pearce Olivia , Fithian Justin
Published: July 2022

This research aimed to explore the subjective nature of social impact and how the varying motivations and language of stakeholders influenced the type of social impact metric that should be at the forefront, whether that be continuing a separate impact assessment or a blended value approach. Research was conducted by analyzing qualitative data derived from interview transcripts of individuals in the field: Alice Antonelli of Nonprofit Finance Fund, Angelo Drei and Subject X of JP Morgan, Kelly Edwards of Arts and Crafts Holdings, Melinda Tuan of REDF, Shira Walinsky of Mural Arts, and Subject Y of Hancock-French Woods Arts Alliance. The population of interest included institutional investors, intermediaries, and cultural organizations that receive impact investing. Interview data was analyzed using a stakeholder analysis; this framework assesses the different opinions of players in the impact investment field. The study was also a comparative analysis of two types of valuation methodologies for impact investing: blended value and supplemental social value. The results show that a uniform metric across stakeholders for valuing social return would be difficult to devise because stakeholders want to see different outcomes. It is favorable that measuring social return remains mostly qualitative due to the subjective nature and to an extent bound to storytelling. The findings also include a desire expressed by stakeholders for diversity, equity, and inclusion that can be promoted by impact investing and an understanding of the importance of community. The ultimate purpose of this research was to broaden the understanding of social impact investing in the cultural field. This paper does not serve as investing advice.
Creative Flow States and Subjective Time Progression
Authors:   , Torno Jiménez Francesca S. , Chrysikou Evangelia
Published: July 2022

There has yet to be a formal understanding of the differences between types of flow tasks and their relationships with time distortion. Anecdotal accounts of time distortions have been reported by individuals, however, the research in this area is limited. Similarly, the differences between types of tasks regarding flow states have been alluded to, but not formally studied. Moreover, flow states themselves have been difficult to measure objectively since currently, such measurements rely on self-report scales. Thus, this research aimed to contribute to the body of knowledge concerning flow states by measuring them in an objective manner. We hypothesized that the experience of a flow state would predict the experience of a significant time distortion. Further, we expected participants who experienced a flow state during a creative task would experience a higher degree of time distortion relative to participants who experienced a flow state during a non-creative task. We hypothesized that the presence of a time distortion during flow tasks would predict higher scores on these flow tasks. To examine these hypotheses, we recruited 77 undergraduate Drexel University students, half of whom were randomly assigned to complete a creative task, the Uncommon Uses Task (UUT), or a non-creative counterpart task, the Common Uses Task (CUT). All participants answered questions pertaining to their mood (PANAS) and a Flow questionnaire (Flow Short Scale) for baseline and post-task recording of flow. Post-task, their estimation of time passed was recorded, which was compared to the actual amount of time they spent on their respective tasks. There were no significant differences between types of task on time subjective progression. Similarly, time distortion was not predictive of flow scores. However, flow scores during the non-creative tasks were significantly higher than those during the creative tasks. Mood was predictive of time subjective progression. Lastly, the flow score did not predict either of the tasks' scores. These findings contribute to our understanding of flow states. No evidence was found to support anecdotal accounts of time distortions or better task performance during flow states. On the other hand, such time distortions may be related to mood rather than flow states, a finding that holds promise for future research directions on flow.
Design of Actively-Cooled Microvascular Composites
Authors:   , Dugan Marykate R. , Najafi Ahmad Raeisi
Published: July 2022

Microvascular networks in composite panels contain channels to circulate fluid allowing the composites to be used for thermal management, electrical applications, and self-healing. Microvascular networks are a useful design for actively-cooled heat transfer applications. Microvascular composites have been simulated to look at the impact of cooling channels under a variety of thermal conditions. For active-cooling applications, optimization frameworks have been developed using shape optimization, Hybrid Shape/Topology optimization, and topology optimization. Although many developments have been made to the physical modeling and optimization of microvascular composites, no studies set out to analyze the impact of thermophysical properties on the optimized design on microchannel locations in microvascular composites for active-cooling applications. To address this gap, this work performs a series of parametric studies on different properties to see the effect they have on optimized designs. The parametric studies utilize a gradient based topology optimization based on a geometrical reduced order model. The parametric studies include varying the composite host material, coolant mass flow rate, inlet temperature, and coolant type. The optimized designs from the parametric studies provide a groundwork for scientists designing microvascular networks for cooling applications, with the results deviating from much of the commonly used geometry of microvascular networks.
Development of Social Infrastructure: Experience of Zemstvo Administration
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Medvedeva Natalia V.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the study of domestic experience in the development of social infrastructure in the 19th–early 20th century. A retrospective analysis made it possible to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the zemstvo system of self-government. With the help of a comparative method, trends in the financial and economic support of zemstvo bodies at various stages of the zemstvo reform were identified, and an analysis of key indicators of the development of social infrastructure in the 19th–early 20th century was carried out. The work shows that it was thanks to the zemstvo reform that the necessary conditions were created for the infrastructural development of cities and villages. Zemstvo institutions took responsibility for ensuring most of the spheres of life, which were not a priority for state authorities; contributed to the spread of education and culture in cities and villages. That is why the successful practices of zemstvo administration require new understanding during the development of modern social policy and the reform of local self-government in Russia.
Teaching of Classical Chinese Prose under Bilingual Environment in Singapore
Authors: Jia Li
Published: July 2022

The teaching of classical Chinese prose in Singapore involves challenges peculiar to the bilingual environment, which suggest a need for new strategies based on a crucial recognition of the difference between teaching literature and teaching language. The paper argues for a key pedagogical approach based on the teaching of literary aspects in ancient prose with the help of problem-based learning. This would also involve systematic classification in order to consolidate different strategies suited for different types of Classical Chinese Prose. These strategies include mind mapping, five thinking hats and so on. Through an approach of problem-based learning,one may motivate students to explore ancient articlesmore enthusiastically, foster their criticalthinking and creative ability, thereby enhancingcognitive ability, and increasing their interest inlearning ancient articles. Through the reading,understanding and analysis of subtle words, onemay improve on students’ ability in literary appreciation,and prompt them to explore moresophisticated interpretation, thereby enhancingtheir cultivation in the humanities.
Heterogeneous Isomorphism Principles in Cultural Linguistic Methodology
Authors: Wu Ping
Published: July 2022

Isomorphism can refer to the same or similar structure between different systems or subject systems, or to the similarity between the internal components of the system and the whole system in a certain way, that is, the corresponding relationship between the parts and the whole. The isomorphism indicates that complex system itself has its universal characteristics and universal rules. The principles of heterogeneous isomorphism apply to the study of language ontology, language and culture, language teaching and other aspects by means of set, analogy and simplification.
Performance improvement methods for quartz tube solid particle fluidized bed solar receiver
Authors: BÖLÜK Mehmet , ŞENTÜRK LÜLE Senem
Published: July 2022

The conditions to improve performance of quartz tube silicon carbide (SiC) solid particle fluidized bed solar receiver was investigated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The difficulty of experimenting all possible operating conditions was overcome by preparing CFD base input with appropriate models and parameters. The amount of SiC in the bed, the size of particles, and the air inlet velocity were considered as variables. After model verification, in order to evaluate the effect of particle addition, bed without solid particles were simulated first. Outlet temperature of single-phase receiver was calculated as 421 K. Outlet temperatures of 913 K, 895 K, and 881 K were obtained for 400 μm diameter particles in 0.3 m bed height for air inlet velocities of 0.25, 0.3, and 0.35 m/s. Air outlet temperature decreases as air inlet velocity increases. On the other hand, too much reduction at inlet velocity retards the system performance since it affects fluidization. For 400 μm particle diameter and bed height of 0.2 m, outlet temperatures of 994 K, 974 K, and 955 K were found for the same air inlet velocities above. As bed height decreases, air outlet temperature increases. For particle diameters of 300 and 500 μm for bed height of 0.3 m, outlet temperatures of 980 K and 878 K were calculated for appropriate minimum fluidization velocities. Outlet temperature increased with decreasing particle size.
Expanded Orientation of Urban Public Health Policy in the Climate Change Era: Response to and Prevention of Heat Wave in Paris and Seoul: A Brief Review
Authors: Hong Yong-Jin , Min You-Ki , Lee Sangduk , Choi Sungmin
Published: July 2022

The policies of response to and prevention of heat waves in France in 2003 and in South Korea in 2018 were compared and reviewed to see how public health policy orientation was being expanded in connection with urban and social policies. The statistics of the patients with heat illness and resulted death in France in 2003 and South Korea in 2018 were analyzed. The results and limitations of the French and Korean responses to heat waves were compared and discussed. The heat wave in France in 2003 caused an excess death of 14,802. The 2018 heat wave in South Korea resulted in 4,526 cases of heat illness and 48 deaths. France’s National Heat wave Plan established in 2004 introduced the warning system and strengthened support for the vulnerable. The heat wave in South Korea in 2018 revealed the success and limitations of the national measures that have been gradually implemented since the mid-2000s. Both France and South Korea are making efforts in preventing heat illness and managing health risk through the warning systems, providing public and social support for the vulnerable, and expanding urban infrastructure. Paris puts priority on the long-term prevention of heat wave, in the wider context of climate change response, while Seoul shows a relatively strong point in immediate infrastructural expansion. In order to respond to the climate crisis and the following health risk, public health policies need to be contrived with deeper connection with urban social policies for sustainable development.
Application of Y-STR, DIP-STR and SNP-STR Markers in Interpretation of Forensic Genetic Profiling: A Narrative Review
Authors: Forouzesh Mehdi , Irani Shiva , Soleimani Azam , Monabati Seyed Jalil
Published: July 2022

Y-STR, DIP-STR, and SNP-STR are useful alternatives for testing the low quantity of DNA in solving the challenges in interpreting forensic genetic profiling. In an unbalanced mixed DNA, partial DNA is often not detected due to the effect of masking by the dominant DNA. Therefore, in such cases interpretation of the results is limited. Furthermore, profiling of these specimens cannot be performed using conventional forensic genetic methods. Biomarkers including Y-STR, DIP-STR and SNP-STR perform well in detecting DNA contributes in the mixed sample. In the present research, the performance of each is evaluated separately.
Expression Patterns of miR181a and miR30d in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Tavakolpournegari Alireza , Hashemi Mehrdad , Zare Karizi Shohreh , Ahmadi Arash Matin , Bidooki Seyed Hesamoddin , Banaei Gooya
Published: July 2022

Background: One of the important molecular pathways in breast cancer is the PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway. Any change in the activity of the PTEN gene can alter the PI3K-AKT pathway. Moreover, there are subsets of genes and pathways their expression changes by post-transcriptional regulations. For instance, gene regulation alters by non-coding RNAs such as micro-RNAs as post-transcriptional regulators that prevent the expression of the target transcript. Therefore, it is essential to assess the related alterations in micro-RNA expression patterns to find out the possible causes of conversions in related transcripts and pathways such as the PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway in breast cancer.
Methods: To determine the expression level of miR-181a and miR-30d in 30 breast tumor samples and 30 adjacent normal samples, the RNA extraction, and cDNA synthesis was performed by RiboEx (GeneAll, Korea). Finally, the Real-Time PCR method was used for quantitative analysis of the expression levels of these miRNAs. all the experimental part of the project in done at Islamic Azad University in 2017.
Results: After analyzing comparisons in the expression level of miR-181a and miR-30d in tumor and normal tissues, there was a significant increase in the expression level of miR-181a in tumor samples compared with normal samples. Moreover, the expression level of miR-30d in tumor samples reported a significant decrease in comparison with normal samples (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Upregulation of miR-181a may affect the transcription of the PTEN gene resulting in the cell progress to cancer. The Downregulation of miR-30d may also lead to cancer cell growth, due to a reduction in the affecting on the CREB gene transcript.
Investigation and Analysis of 49343 Case Women’s Vaginal Microecology
Authors: Jia Qiuhua , Yu Fei , Ding Yong , Cao Qi , Wei Hua , Ma Chunling
Published: July 2022

Background: We aimed to investigate the pathogen infection in vaginal secretions of women in Linyi area.
Methods: From October 2016 to September 2018, a total of 49,343 vaginal secretion specimens from women who attended Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi District, Shandong Province, China were used to detect the cleanliness, Candida, clue cells, Trichomonas, etc. with Ultra-high power microscopy.
Results: Among the 49343 patients, 6377 had vaginal cleanliness of degree Ⅰ～Ⅱ, the detection rate was 37.89%; 10455 cases of Ⅲ～Ⅳ degree, the detection rate was 62.11%; 13193 cases of simple vaginal pathogen infection, the detection rate was 26.74%. Among them, 9256 cases of vaginal Candida (VVC) had a detection rate of 18.76%; 3176 cases of Bacterial vaginosis (BV) had a detection rate of 6.44%; and 761 cases of Trichomonas infection (TV) had a detection rate 1.54%; 899 cases of mixed infection. The detection rate was 1.82% and the detection rate of each pathogen in the 18-30 year old group was the highest. The detection rates of VVC, BV, TV and MVI were 10.80%, 3.25%, 0.65%, 1.00%, repsectively.
Conclusion: The incidence of VVC women with vaginitis in Linyi was the highest, and the incidence was mainly between 18 and 40 years old. The infection rate of VVC, BV and MVI pathogens was the highest in summer, and the infection rate of TV was the highest in autumn.
MiR-205 Regulates LRRK2 Expression in Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson's Disease through Methylation Modification
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Li Jie , Tao Liang , Lv Luting , Sun Jinghui , Zhang Tengteng , Wang Huimin , Wang Jiandong
Published: July 2022

Background: We explored the methylation modification in miR-205 promoter during the pathological changes of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its regulation on Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2), clarified the important role of methylation in miR-205 promoter region in PD, explained the role of miR-205 methylation in the pathological changes of PD, and looked for new targets for PD.
Methods: Methylation of miR-205 promoter regions was determined by cell genomic DNA, with model bisulfite treatment, and the transcription of miR-205 and LRRK2 in PD model cells was determined by qPCR, and LRRK2 expression was determined by Western blot. The binding sites of miRNAs in the non-coding region of LRRK2 were analyzed by the targetscan database, and miR-205 expression in 293T cells was controlled. The correlation between miR-205 expression and LRRK2 was determined to clarify the regulation mode of miR-205 on LRRK2.
Results: The level of miR-205 were reduced in the SH-SY5Y Parkinson model cells, and its promoter region was highly methylated, while LRRK2 expression decreased in the model cells after 5-Azacytidine inhibition of methylation in miR-205 promoter region. According to the target scan database analysis, LRRK2 non-coding region is a miR-205-specific binding site. After further miR-205 overexpression in 293T cells, the transcription and translation of LRRK2 decreased in cells, which increased after the treatment of miR-205 inhibitor on LRRK2.
Conclusion: The methylation modification of miR-205 promoter region could regulate the transcription and translation of LRRK2 in dopaminergic neurons, so miR-205 methylation regulation can serve as a new potential target for the treatment of PD.
Augmented Expression of NOGO-A and Its Receptors in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Following Treatment with Human Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Safdari Bahar , Rezaei-Kanavi Mozhgan , Mishan Mohammad Amir , Ahmadieh Hamid , Soheili Zahra-Soheila , Salahshourifar Iman , Suri Fatemeh
Published: July 2022

Background: Nogo-A, a myelin-associated inhibitor for neurite outgrowth, has important role in visual system development. Trans-differentiation ability of human amniotic fluid (HAF) on human retinal pigment epithelial cells (hRPEs) towards neural progenitor cells has been observed in several studies. We aimed to investigate the expression of NOGO-A gene and its receptors as a marker of neural differentiation in HAF-treated hRPE cells.
Methods: hRPE cells were cultivated and immune characterized via RPE65 and cytokeratin 8/18 protein markers. Also, the cytotoxicity effect of 30% HAF on hRPE cells was evaluated using ELISA cell death assay. Finally, expression of NOGO-A and its receptors, RTN4R and LINGO1 was evaluated in the cells treated with HAF in comparison with FBS-treated cells using quantitative real-time PCR.
Results: Harvested cells showed immunoreactivity for cytokeratin 8/18 and RPE65, confirming the hRPE cell identity. Besides, HAF had no cytotoxic effect on hRPE cells compared with FBS-treated cells. Results showed that NOGO-A and its receptors were expressed in cultured hRPE cells. Besides, comparative gene expression analysis revealed significant increased expression of the investigated genes in HAF-treated hRPE cells compared to FBS-treated cells.
Conclusion: Augmented expression of NOGO-A and its receptors can support neural differentiation of hRPE when the cells are treated with HAF. Our outcomes provide more evidences on the trans-differentiation ability of HAF on hRPE cells into neural progenitors and retinal neural cells, but further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism.
Barriers to Uptake Pneumonia Vaccines among Chinese Elderly
Authors: Qu Shujuan , Zhou Min , Zhao Lindu , Campy Kathryn S , Zhao Mingyi
Published: July 2022

The Article Abstract is not available.
Association between cloacal exstrophy and two limited dorsal myeloschisis lesions: A case report and literature review
Authors: Jafar Sabbagh Abdulrahman , Moshref Rana , Asiri Faisal , Basurrah Abdulaziz , Arafah Abdulrahman , Kamal Jamal
Published: July 2022

Background: The term limited dorsal myeloschisis (LDM) was coined by Pang in 1993. It involves incomplete obliteration of the dorsal neural fold in primary neurulation. On the other hand, Cloacal Exstrophy is one of the most complex endodermal anomalies and is usually associated with spinal anomalies; hence, the term OEIS complex was coined (Omphalocele, Exstrophy of the cloaca, Imperforate anus, and Spinal deformities complex).
Case Description: We report the coexistence of two LDM lesions in tandem (originating at L2 and S2 levels) in a child diagnosed with cloacal exstrophy. Initially, prenatal ultrasound detected the lumbar but not the sacral lesion. The patient was surgically untethered under intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IOM) at four years of age, and this paper reports his one-year follow-up.
Conclusion: Cases of cloacal exstrophy must always be investigated for spinal cord malformations. LDM is rare and requires careful diagnosis. MRI should be done for the whole neuroaxis to rule out associated conditions, including multiplicity. Surgery should be done under IOM to avoid long-term complications.
We are back to life, Are you? The 16th annual meeting of the Saudi Association of Neurological Surgery (SANS), Riyadh, March 25th–27th, 2022
Authors: Alkhani Ahmed , Aloraidi Ahmed
Published: July 2022

This is a Conference Report and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Editorial – Scientific Life Post-COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Baeesa Saleh
Published: July 2022

This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HMTL.
Occupational therapy treatment time during inpatient traumatic spinal cord injury rehabilitation: A retrospective study from a tertiary center in Riyadh
Authors: Konbaz Faisal , Alsheik Khalid , Timraz Yazeed , Alsharif Aishah , Almohimeed Teif , Othman Fatimah
Published: July 2022

Background: Occupational therapy (OT) is a part of the rehabilitation process which facilitates and enables individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) to be as independent as possible in their activities of daily living (ADLs). Little is known about the OT treatment plan and the duration of the selected treatment intervention during SCI rehabilitation. This study aims to describe the duration of OT treatment that patients with SCI Received during their inpatient rehabilitation stay.
Materials and Methods: A chart review of patients with SCI who attended inpatient rehabilitation at King Abdulaziz Medical City between 2016 and 2020 was conducted. The documented rehabilitation session, including the treatment duration and the type of therapeutic intervention, were extracted from each patient’s electronic medical file.
Results: A total of 50 eligible patients have been included in this analysis. The median age of the study population was 28, and the majority were male patients (82%). The most common reason for the SCI was a motor vehicle accident (94%), in which 56% required ICU admission. The median total time spent over the patient’s stay was 1785 min, approximately 43.7 hr of OT rehabilitation.
Conclusion: Differentiation between and within traumatic SCI patient level in the length of stay (LOS). Differentiation in time intensity was explained by patient and injury characteristics. Also, we identified a significant variation in time spent among traumatic SCI for all OT interventions when examining the median of the total number of hours. Specifically, we found that lower body dressing training was the most time-consuming ADL.
The Experience of Spouse Selection in Divorce-seeking Individuals
Authors: Hatamikia Behnaz , Shariatmadar Asie , Naeimi Ebrahim
Published: July 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of the experiences of spouse selection in divorce-seeking individuals.
Methods: The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and phenomenological design. The participants consisted of 10 divorce-seeking individuals, whom were referred with their spouse to the family court of Dezful to file for divorce. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using the seven-step Colaizzi method.
Results: The results showed that the process of dating in divorce-seeking individuas lies in the two ends of the dating continuum: unconventional and deconstructive or completely traditional and without gradually getting to know each other. Also in divorce-seeking individuals, ignorance, forced marriage or marriage based on emotional criteria, benefits and materialities, caused the criteria to be disregarded, or the criteria did not match the potential future spouse. As a result, the process of determining the criteria was taken lightly.
Conclusion: If the process of dating and determining the criteria is taken lightly or without awareness and self-determination (freedom), marriage, whether traditional or non-traditional, is more likely to lead to a decision to separate.
Comparison of Cognitive-Social, Cognitive Information Processing, Constructivism and Acceptance and Commitment Methods on Students' Affective Capital Dimensions
Authors: Khabazshiraz Aram , Golparvar Mohsen , Yousefi Zahra
Published: July 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three methods of career counseling (cognitive-social, cognitive information processing, constructivism) and acceptance and commitment counseling on students' affective capital on ninth grade students.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design for five groups. The study population was all ninth-grade female students in one of the education districts of Isfahan in the 2020-2021 academic year. The sample consisted of 100 female students who were selected through available and multi-stage sampling based on entry and exit criteria. They were assigned to four experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group). The research tool was the Emotional Capital Questionnaire (Golparvar, 2016). While the control group did not receive any training, and none of the eight experimental groups received any of the above trainings. All groups were evaluated by research tools before and after the trainings.
Results: The collected data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of covariance). The results showed that in comparison with control group, there were no effects on feeling of energy and positive affect. Constructivism and acceptance and commitment had significant effects on happiness (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two methods.
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be said that the constructivism and acceptance and commitment are appropriate methods to increase the happiness of female students.