bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hacia una caracterización de una disciplina lingüística (casi) olvidada: la etnolingüística
Authors: Martín Camacho José Carlos
Published: December 2016

La etnolingüística es una disciplina casi olvidada, tanto en los manuales de lingüística como en la docencia y en la investigación sobre el lenguaje. En este estudio se combina la reflexión teórica sobre varias fuentes bibliográficas con el análisis de diversos hechos lingüísticos para intentar mostrar una propuesta de caracterización de esta disciplina, a la que se define como la encargada de estudiar el influjo que la cultura ejerce sobre el lenguaje, sea a nivel del sistema o sea en su uso efectivo en la comunicación. Esta definición se completa por dos vías. Primera, ubicando la etnolingüística dentro del panorama de la lingüística general, para lo cual se la distingue de la sociolingüística y, sobre todo, de la antropología lingüística. Segunda, mostrando los ámbitos en que se manifiesta la relación de la cultura con el lenguaje y haciendo un repaso, no exhaustivo, de los diversos temas que puede estudiar esta disciplina.
«Entonces usted niega ¿no? ¿O que no se acuerda?»: estudio cuantitativo de los tipos de preguntas utilizadas en interrogatorios judiciales españoles
Authors: Ruano Laparra Yolanda , Ridao Rodrigo Susana
Published: December 2016

Esta investigación se centra en analizar los tipos de preguntas utilizadas en interrogatorios judiciales españoles. Para ello, se han analizado dos corpus de juicios orales celebrados en dos zonas geográficamente dispares de España: Almería y Barcelona. En el presente artículo se argumenta, con datos estadísticos, el frecuente uso de enunciados con fines interrogativos cuya entonación responde a patrones prototípicos aseverativos; esta tipología presenta mayores índices de frecuencia en el corpus recogido en Almería (43.9%) que en el de Barcelona (23.7%).
ENOTURISMO E TERRITÓRIO: O CASO DO VALE DOS VINHEDOS (RS/BRASIL)
Authors: Mattia Adilene Alvares , Macke Janaina , Sarate João Alberto Rubim
Published: December 2016

Três elementos do desenvolvimento local se destacam a partir do turismo: a sociedade, o ambiente e a economia. Estes elementos são integrados e se reforçam mutuamente, em contextos nos quais a diversidade social e cultural e a diferenciação produtiva são utilizadas como recursos potenciadores de transformações e de desenvolvimento local. A região do Vale dos Vinhedos (Brasil) transformou-se no mais importante parque vitícola e enológico do País, além de produtora de vinhos destaca-se como destino enoturístico. Este estudo caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso exploratório-descritivo, de caráter qualitativo, constitui-se em uma análise exploratória feita à luz do conceito de desenvolvimento territorial. Desta análise, foram formuladas novas questões de pesquisa que visam ao atendimento das novas demandas que vêm desafiando a região. Buscou-se analisar o desenvolvimento territorial do Vale dos Vinhedos, vinculando os conceitos de território e de recursos territoriais ao modelo de ciclo de vida do turismo. Podemos verificar a partir da análise do ciclo de vida, que o Vale dos Vinhedos está no estágio de “Desenvolvimento”, o que inicia uma tendência de diminuição da participação da comunidade local no planejamento e tomada de decisão em relação ao processo de desenvolvimento turístico.
Intermedialer Style
Authors: Wurzenberger Gerda
Published: December 2016

In der globalisierten digitalisierten Medienwelt nehmen gerade bildungsferne Jugendliche einen privilegierten Platz ein. Anhand umfangreicher Texte aus einem Schreibprojekt zeigt Gerda Wurzenberger, wie das Medienwissen sowie die alltagssprachlichen Ressourcen der Jugendlichen genutzt werden können, um literarisches Schreiben aus der Lebenswelt der Jugendlichen heraus zu entwickeln und zugleich auch darin zu verorten. Der Style, den die Jugendlichen beim gemeinsamen Schreiben kreieren, macht das innovative Potenzial erkennbar, welches die (Inter-)Medialisierung des Alltags sowie die Migrationsbewegungen für die Sprache und das Erzählen bereithalten.
Evaluation of wind potential for an optimum choice of wind turbine generator on the sites of Lomé, Accra, and Cotonou located in the gulf of Guinea
Authors: Salami Akim Adekunlé , Ajavon Ayité Sénah Akoda , Kodjo Mawugno Koffi , Bedja Koffi-Sa
Published: December 2016

This work presents the characterization and assessment of wind energy potential in annual and monthly levels of the sites of Lomé, Accra and Cotonou located in the Gulf of Guinea, and the optimal characteristics of wind turbines to be installed on these sites. Studies of characterization and the wind potential of these sites from the wind speed data collected over a period of thirteen years at a height of 10 meters above the ground, show an annual average speed of 3.52 m/s for Lomé, 3.99 m/s for Cotonou and 4.16 m/s for Accra. These studies also showed that a monthly average speed exceeding 4 m/s was observed on the sites of Cotonou and Accra during the months of February, March, April, July, August and September and during the months of July, August and September on the site of Lomé. After a series of simulation conducted using the software named PotEol that we have developed in Scilab, we have retained that the wind turbines rated speeds of ~8 to 9 m/s at the sites of Lomé and Cotonou and ~ 9 to 10 m/s on the site of Accra would be the most appropriate speeds for optimal exploitation of electric energy from wind farms at a height of 50 m above the ground.Article History: Received May 26th 2016; Received in revised form August 24th 2016; Accepted August 30th 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Salami, A.A., Ajavon, A.S.A , Kodjo, M.K. and Bédja, K. (2016) Evaluation of Wind Potential for an Optimum Choice of Wind Turbine Generator on the Sites of Lomé, Accra, and Cotonou Located in the Gulf of Guinea. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(3), 211-223.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.211-223
The Temperature Profile for The Innovative Design of the Perforated Fin
Authors: Al-Saddy Hisham , Soylemez Mehmet
Published: December 2016

The development of the perforated fin had proposed in many studies to enhance the heat transfer from electronic pieces. This paper presents a novel derivative method to find the temperature distribution of the new design (inclined perforated) of the pin fin. Perforated with rectangular section and different angles of inclination was considered. Signum Function is used for modeling the variable heat transfer area. Set of parameters to handle the conduction and convection area were calculated. Degenerate Hypergeometric Equation (DHE) was used for modeling the Complex energy differential equation and then solved by Kummer’s series. In the validation process, Ansys 16.0-Steady State Thermal was used. Two geometric models were considered. The big reliability of the presented model comes from the high agreement of the validation results about (0.25%). The results show the increase of the inclination leads to the enhancement of the temperature difference and heat transfer ratio. Improved of Heat transfer ratio is ranging from 13% to 50%.Article History: Received June 12th 2016; Received in revised form August 6th 2016; Accepted August 24th 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Jasim, H.H and Soylemez, M.S. (2016). The temperature profile for the innovative design of the perforated fin. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(3), 259-266http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.259-266
Socio-economic and demographic correlates of stunting among adolescents of Assam, North-east India
Authors: Rengma Melody Seb , Bose Kaushik , Mondal Nitish
Published: December 2016

The prevalence of stunting (low height-for-age) is a key indicator of long-term chronic undernutrition which reflects an anthropometric failure to reach linear growth potentials due to prolonged food deprivation and/or disease or illness during the early stage of life. The present study assesses the prevalence and socio-economic and demographic correlates of stunting among adolescents of the North-east India. This cross-sectional study was undertaken among 1,818 (830 boys; 988 girls) adolescents (aged 10-18 years) belonging to ethnically heterogeneous populations of Karbi Anglong district of Assam, using stratified random sampling method. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight were recorded using standard procedures. Socio-economic and demographic variables were obtained using pre-structured schedule. The age-sex specific L, M and S reference values were used to calculate height-for-age Z-score (HAZ). According to WHO, HAZ found to be <−2SD was classified as stunting. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, chi-square analyses, binary and step-wise multiple logistic regression analysis in SPSS (version, 17.0). The prevalence of stunting was observed to be significantly higher among boys (48.4%) than girls (37.8%) (p<0.01). Age-sex specific prevalence was found to be higher among boys than girls aged 14-18 years and contrary were observed among girls aged 10-14 years (p>0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that several socio-economic and demographic variables were significantly associated with stunting (p<0.05). The step-wise multiple logistic regression analysis showed that sex (boys), age groups (13-15 years and 16-18 years), father’s occupation (cultivator) and Rupees ≤5000 household income was significantly associated with stunting (p<0.05). Appropriate nutritional intervention programmes and dissemination of knowledge at population level related to undernutrition are necessary to ameliorate their nutritional status.
A case of Avar period trepanation from Croatia
Authors: Premužić Zrinka , Šikanjić Petra Rajić , Rapan Papeša Anita
Published: December 2016

The Avar period cemetery of Nuštar, situated in continental Croatia, is dated to the 8th and the beginning of the 9th century. Rescue archaeological excavation yielded 196 burials. During analysis of human skeletal remains, an individual with a large cranial lesion caused by trepanation was found. Trepanation is a surgical procedure performed on the skull in order to remove a fragment of the bone using a sharp instrument or drill. It has been practiced in various regions since the prehistoric period for both medical and ritual reasons. The aim of this paper is to provide a description of the observed lesion based on macroscopic appearance accompanied by radiography, computed tomography scanning and 3D optical scanning. Furthermore, possible cause and employed technique are taken into consideration, as well as cultural and historical implications of the case.
Community Participiation in Village Development: the Scale of Latvia
Authors: Pudzis Edgars , Geipele Sanda , Geipele Ineta
Published: December 2016

The research provides an insight into village development planning, as well as considers village planning from the perspective of the national planning framework. Local settings of village development have also been taken into account. The research provides information about possible approaches for local community involvement in development decision-making.

The article aims at considering the current situation of the involvement of local communities in the advancement of local territories and at presenting the proposals for public involvement models.

Analysis, logical and historical data access methods, induction and deduction have been used in the present research.
Capacity of Professional Specialists in Residential Housing Management in Latvia
Authors: Puķīte Iveta , Stāmure Iveta , Geipele Ineta
Published: December 2016

The issue of residential housing management, depending on the chosen form of the residential housing administration, is topical both from the perspective of residential building apartment owners, if apartment owners have chosen to manage the building themselves, and from the residential house manager’s point of view, if the management of the residential building has been entrusted to a professional manager. This is justified by the fact that the process of residential housing maintenance and management is based on knowledge, experience and financial resources; besides, it should be carried out by meeting the existing legislative requirements of the European Union and the Republic of Latvia, as well as the interests of the apartment owners.

In Latvia, in order to manage a residential building, the administrator is required to have appropriate professional education, which, according to the Law of Residential Housing Management, should be at least the 4thlevel of Professional Qualification accepted in Latvia (the 5thlevel of European Qualifications Framework, EQK, and Latvian Qualifications Framework, LQK).

The topicality of the study is related to the fact that in Latvia the law stipulates that a residential housing manager should have vocational education, which can be obtained at a number of public educational institutions. In the management process owners can choose their preferred management model, but right now the Register of the Ministry of Economics does not provide full information about the professionalism of an administrator. The goal of the study is determined by the topicality of the theme - to explore the existing models of residential housing management in the Latvian market and professional capacity of specialists involved in management. Within the framework of the study, statistical, qualitative and analytical methods have been used.

As at present in Latvia there is no unified system for the accounting of housing management education in the market, the research results will contribute to its development and creation.
Honey Bee Infection Caused by Nosema spp. in Lithuania
Authors: Blažytė-Čereškienė Laima , Skrodenytė-Arbačiauskienė Vesta , Radžiutė Sandra , Nedveckytė Irena , Būda Vincas
Published: December 2016

The infection of Lithuanian honey bee colonies by Nosema apis and N. ceranae and the consequences were analysed over a four-year (2011 - 2014) period. Both mono-infection either by N. apis or N. ceranae, and co-infection by both Nosema species, were found. There was a decrease in the percentage of Nosema infected colonies during the four-year study period. There were fewer colonies infected by N. ceranae, whereas the number of colonies with N. apis remained approximately at the same level during the study. The prevalence of both types of Nosema in honey bee colonies varied seasonally, i.e. there was a higher percentage of colonies infected in spring and summer but very rarely was Nosema detected in autumn. Mono-infection by N. apis, and co-infection by both Nosema species, were significantly more often recorded in weak and moderate colonies than in strong colonies. Mono-infection by N. ceranae was more often detected in weak colonies than in moderate and strong colonies, but more often detected in strong than in moderate colonies. A moderate link between a high prevalence of N. ceranae infection and an increased risk for winter colony mortality was observed.
The Wild Bees Andrena gallica Schmiedeknecht, 1883 and Andrena assimilis Radoszkowski, 1876 (Apoidea: Andrenidae) in Poland
Authors: Motyka Ewelina , Wiśniowski Bogdan , Szczepko Katarzyna
Published: December 2016

The wild bees Andrena assimilis Radoszkowski, 1876, and Andrena gallica Schmiedeknecht, 1883, are morphologically very similar species and by some authors they are treated as one taxon – A. assimilis. Some other authors treat A. gallica as a subspecies of A. assimilis, others assert that both A. gallica and A. assimilis are valid species. After analysing the morphological features, we confirm that they should be treated as two distinct species. The following characters help to separate A. gallica from A. assimilis: in the case of females – the colouration of the stigma and veins in the forewing, in the case of males – the microsculpture of the surface of the metasomal terga, the punctation of terga II–III, and the width of the edeagus. Andrena gallica was reported in Poland in the first half of the twentieth century from the following regions: Baltic Coast, Kraków-Wieluń Upland, Małopolska Upland, and Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland. Due to the synonymy, these records were included in the distribution of A. assimilis. After more than 50 years, the occurrence of A. gallica in Poland has been confirmed. The new record of the species is reported based on the specimen collected in Kampinos National Park (Mazovian Lowland). In 2004, one male was collected on fallow land. Water pan-traps (Moericke traps) were used to do the collecting. Diagnoses of both species, data on their biology, as well as distribution, are provided.
Pesticide Poisoning of Honeybees: A Review of Symptoms, Incident Classification, and Causes of Poisoning
Authors: Kiljanek Tomasz , Niewiadowska Alicja , Posyniak Andrzej
Published: December 2016

During the 2000s, the problem of pesticide poisoning of honeybees seemed to be almost solved. The number of cases has decreased in comparison to the 1970s. The problem of acute honeybee poisoning, however, has not disappeared, but instead has transformed into a problem of poisoning from ‘traditional’ pesticides like organophosphorus pesticides or pyrethroids, to poisoning from additional sources of ‘modern’ systemic neonicotinoids and fipronil. In this article, the biological activity of pesticides was reviewed. The poisoning symptoms, incident definitions, and monitoring systems, as well as the interpretation of the analytical results, were also reviewed. The range of pesticides, and the detected concentrations of pesticides in poisoned honeybee samples, were reviewed. And, for the first time, cases of poisoning related to neonicotinoids were reviewed. The latter especially is of practical importance and could be helpful to analysts and investigators of honeybee poisoning incidents. It is assumed that secondary poisoning induced by plant collected materials contaminated with systemic pesticides occurs. Food stored in a hive and contaminated with systemic pesticides consumed continuously by the same generation of winter bees, may result in sub-lethal intoxication. This leads to abnormal behaviour identified during acute intoxication. The final result is that the bees discontinue their social role in the honeybee colony super organism, and colony collapse disorder (CCD) takes place. The process described above refers primarily to robust and strong colonies that were able to collect plenty of food due to effective plant protection.
Flowering Phenology of Selected Linden (TiliaL.) Taxa in Relation to Pollen Seasons
Authors: Dąbrowska Agnieszka , Piotrowska-Weryszko Krystyna , Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Sawicki Ryszard
Published: December 2016

All lindens provide Apidae insects with nectar, pollen, and honeydew. Lindens are important melliferous trees in Poland. The first purpose of the study was to carry out phenological observations of the flowering in ten linden taxa. The second aim was to analyse the content of linden pollen grains in the air of Lublin. A correlation between the parameters of the pollen season and meteorological factors was also determined. This study was conducted in the city of Lublin located in the central-eastern part of Poland. The flowering phenophases were analysed, using the method developed by Łukasiewicz, during the growing seasons of 2012-2015. Aerobiological monitoring, which was based on the volumetric method, was carried out over the 2001-2014 time period. As shown in the study, the flowering period of all the analysed linden taxa lasted 7 weeks, on average, from June 7 to July 24. The average length of the flowering period of the investigated taxa and hybrids was in the range of 12-17 days. Their flowering periods overlapped. The atmospheric pollen season lasted, on average, from mid-June to the second 10-day period of July. The highest concentration of airborne pollen was noted at the end of June. The pollen season pattern was significantly affected by temperature and relative air humidity as well as by rainfall in May and June. The investigations indicate a 9-day acceleration of the pollen season, which may be associated with global warming.
An Algorithm for Improving the Accuracy of Systems Measuring Parameters of Moving Objects
Authors: Dichev Dimitar , Koev Hristofor , Bakalova Totka , Louda Petr
Published: December 2016

The paper considers an algorithm for increasing the accuracy of measuring systems operating on moving objects. The algorithm is based on the Kalman filter. It aims to provide a high measurement accuracy for the whole range of change of the measured quantity and the interference effects, as well as to eliminate the influence of a number of interference sources, each of which is of secondary importance but their total impact can cause a considerable distortion of the measuring signal. The algorithm is intended for gyro-free measuring systems. It is based on a model of the moving object dynamics. The mathematical model is developed in such a way that it enables to automatically adjust the algorithm parameters depending on the current state of measurement conditions. This makes possible to develop low-cost measuring systems with a high dynamic accuracy. The presented experimental results prove effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of the dynamic accuracy of measuring systems of that type.
Current Fluctuation Measurements of Amperometric Gas Sensors Constructed with Three Different Technology Procedures
Authors: Sedlak Petr , Kubersky Petr , Skarvada Pavel , Hamacek Ales , Sedlakova Vlasta , Majzner Jiri , Nespurek Stanislav , Sikula Josef
Published: December 2016

Electrochemical amperometric gas sensors represent a well-established and versatile type of devices with unique features: good sensitivity and stability, short response/recovery times, and low power consumption. These sensors operate at room temperature, and therefore have been applied in monitoring air pollutants and detection of toxic and hazardous gases in a number of areas. Some drawbacks of classical electrochemical sensors are overcome by the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on ionic liquids. This work presents evaluation of an SPE-based amperometric sensor from the point of view of current fluctuations. The sensor is based on a novel three-electrode sensor platform with solid polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquid for detection of nitrogen dioxide − a highly toxic gas that is harmful to the environment and presenting a possible threat to human health even at low concentrations. The paper focuses on using noise measurement (electric current fluctuation measurement) for evaluation of electrochemical sensors which were constructed by different fabrication processes: (i) lift-off and drop-casting technology, (ii) screen printing technology on a ceramic substrate and (iii) screen printing on a flexible substrate.
Measurement of Short-Circuit Effects on Transformer Winding with SFRA Method and Impact Test
Authors: Gutten Miroslav , Janura Richard , Šebök Milan , Korenčiak Daniel , Kučera Matej
Published: December 2016

The paper presents theoretical and experimental analyses of a possible effect of the short-circuit forces on the transformer winding. The first part of the paper is focused on creation and activity of the radial and axial forces during a short circuit. It shows dimensions, direction and − of course − the resulting mechanical stress. The presented equation shows basic dependencies of these mechanical forces created in the transformer winding. Finally, the paper presents experimental methods of diagnosing and analysing the effects of short-circuit forces on the transformer winding.
Problems in Modelling Charge Output Accelerometers
Authors: Tomczyk Krzysztof
Published: December 2016

The paper presents major issues associated with the problem of modelling change output accelerometers. The presented solutions are based on the weighted least squares (WLS) method using transformation of the complex frequency response of the sensors. The main assumptions of the WLS method and a mathematical model of charge output accelerometers are presented in first two sections of this paper. In the next sections applying the WLS method to estimation of the accelerometer model parameters is discussed and the associated uncertainties are determined. Finally, the results of modelling a PCB357B73 charge output accelerometer are analysed in the last section of this paper. All calculations were executed using the MathCad software program. The main stages of these calculations are presented in Appendices A−E.
Distinguishing the Plateau and Valley Components of Profiles From Various Types of Two-Process Textures
Authors: Graboń Wiesław , Pawlus Paweł
Published: December 2016

This paper presents methods of separating the plateau part for various types of two-process profiles, having the traces of two processes. The traditional method based on the plateau-valley threshold, according to the ISO 13565-3 standard, is not always sufficient, since the valley portion can include plateau roughness. Starting and finishing points of each plateau in the measured profiles should be determined. The procedure found in the technical literature depends on setting not only the plateau-valley threshold but also a lower threshold. This approach was a little modified for profiles that contain both random and deterministic topography components. A new procedure of determination of the lower threshold was proposed for stratified profiles containing two deterministic parts. The valleys can be characterized by their widths and the distance between them. In addition, a description of the material probability curve is proposed.
Evaluation of Uncertainty of Phase Difference Determination in Presence of Bias
Authors: Saranovac Lazar V. , Vučijak Nada M.
Published: December 2016

Determination of the phase difference between two sinusoidal signals with noise components using samples of these signals is of interest in many measurement systems. The samples of signals are processed by one of many algorithms, such as 7PSF, UQDE and MSAL, to determine the phase difference. The phase difference result must be accompanied with estimation of the measurement uncertainty. The following issues are covered in this paper: the MSAL algorithm background, the ways of treating the bias influence on the phase difference result, comparison of results obtained by applying MSAL and the other mentioned algorithms to the same real signal samples, and evaluation of the uncertainty of the phase difference.
Distant Measurement of Plethysmographic Signal in Various Lighting Conditions Using Configurable Frame-Rate Camera
Authors: Przybyło Jaromir , Kańtoch Eliasz , Jabłoński Mirosław , Augustyniak Piotr
Published: December 2016

Videoplethysmography is currently recognized as a promising noninvasive heart rate measurement method advantageous for ubiquitous monitoring of humans in natural living conditions. Although the method is considered for application in several areas including telemedicine, sports and assisted living, its dependence on lighting conditions and camera performance is still not investigated enough. In this paper we report on research of various image acquisition aspects including the lighting spectrum, frame rate and compression. In the experimental part, we recorded five video sequences in various lighting conditions (fluorescent artificial light, dim daylight, infrared light, incandescent light bulb) using a programmable frame rate camera and a pulse oximeter as the reference. For a video sequence-based heart rate measurement we implemented a pulse detection algorithm based on the power spectral density, estimated using Welch’s technique. The results showed that lighting conditions and selected video camera settings including compression and the sampling frequency influence the heart rate detection accuracy. The average heart rate error also varies from 0.35 beats per minute (bpm) for fluorescent light to 6.6 bpm for dim daylight.
Survey of Energy Harvesting Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks in Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Dziadak Bogdan , Makowski Łukasz , Michalski Andrzej
Published: December 2016

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have existed for many years and had assimilated many interesting innovations. Advances in electronics, radio transceivers, processes of IC manufacturing and development of algorithms for operation of such networks now enable creating energy-efficient devices that provide practical levels of performance and a sufficient number of features. Environmental monitoring is one of the areas in which WSNs can be successfully used. At the same time this is a field where devices must either bring their own power reservoir, such as a battery, or scavenge energy locally from some natural phenomena. Improving the efficiency of energy harvesting methods reduces complexity of WSN structures. This survey is based on practical examples from the real world and provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods and techniques that are used to create energyefficient WSNs with energy harvesting.
A Novel Structure and Design Optimization of Compact Spline-Parameterized UWB Slot Antenna
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Bekasiewicz Adrian
Published: December 2016

In this paper, a novel structure of a compact UWB slot antenna and its design optimization procedure has been presented. In order to achieve a sufficient number of degrees of freedom necessary to obtain a considerable size reduction rate, the slot is parameterized using spline curves. All antenna dimensions are simultaneously adjusted using numerical optimization procedures. The fundamental bottleneck here is a high cost of the electromagnetic (EM) simulation model of the structure that includes (for reliability) an SMA connector. Another problem is a large number of geometry parameters (nineteen). For the sake of computational efficiency, the optimization process is therefore performed using variable-fidelity EM simulations and surrogate-assisted algorithms. The optimization process is oriented towards explicit reduction of the antenna size and leads to a compact footprint of 199 mm2 as well as acceptable matching within the entire UWB band. The simulation results are validated using physical measurements of the fabricated antenna prototype.
Fir Filters Compliant with the IEEE Standard for M Class PMU
Authors: Duda Krzysztof , Zieliński Tomasz P.
Published: December 2016

In this paper it is shown that M class PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) reference model for phasor estimation recommended by the IEEE Standard C37.118.1 with the Amendment 1 is not compliant with the Standard. The reference filter preserves only the limits for TVE (total vector error), and exceeds FE (frequency error) and RFE (rate of frequency error) limits. As a remedy we propose new filters for phasor estimation for M class PMU that are fully compliant with the Standard requirements. The proposed filters are designed: 1) by the window method; 2) as flat-top windows; or as 3) optimal min-max filters. The results for all Standard compliance tests are presented, confirming good performance of the proposed filters. The proposed filters are fixed at the nominal frequency, i.e. frequency tracking and adaptive filter tuning are not required, therefore they are well suited for application in lowcost popular PMUs.
Thyroid nodules and cancer management guidelines: comparisons and controversies
Authors: Nabhan Fadi , Ringel Matthew D
Published: December 2016

Thyroid cancer is an increasingly prevalent malignancy throughout the world. Management guidelines for both thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer have been published and updated by a number of societies internationally. All of these guidelines recognize this increasing incidence, particularly of small papillary thyroid cancers, due in part to improved technology enabling early or even ‘over’ diagnosis. Recent advances in molecular imaging and molecular methods have been developed to better characterize thyroid nodules, and a number of studies that have clarified risk stratification systems that can be modified over time allow for individualization of diagnosis, initial treatment, and subsequent follow-up strategies. Advances in surgical approaches and new treatments for patients with the most aggressive forms of thyroid cancer have all influenced management guidelines. Despite substantial similarities, there also are important differences between recent guidelines for some of the common clinical scenarios encountered by physicians in clinical practice. In the present manuscript, we will highlight similarities and differences between several of the most recently published guidelines focused on key areas of importance to clinical care and controversy. These are key areas for future research to strengthen the data to support future guideline recommendations.
Trends in Weight-for-Length Among Infants in WIC From 2000 to 2014
Authors: Freedman David S. , Sharma Andrea J. , Hamner Heather C. , Pan Liping , Panzera Anthony , Smith Ray B. , Blanck Heidi M.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES:

To describe the prevalence and secular trends of high weight-for-length among infants (ages, 3–23 months) in the biennial US Department of Agriculture Women, Infants, and Children Program and Participants Characteristic (WIC-PC) Survey from 2000 through 2014 (n = 16 927 120).

METHODS:

Weight-for-length was considered to be “high” if it was ≥2 SDs above the sex- and age-specific median in the World Health Organization growth standards. Poisson regression was used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios.

RESULTS:

The overall prevalence of high weight-for-length increased from 13.4% in 2000 to 14.5% in 2004, remained constant until 2010, and then decreased by >2 percentage points (to 12.3%) through 2014. The prevalence of high weight-for-length was associated with sex (higher among boys), race-ethnicity (highest among American Indians/Alaskan Natives), and with both age (positive) and family income (inverse). The secular trends, however, were fairly similar within categories of these variables. From 2010 to 2014, the prevalence of high weight-for-length decreased in 40 states and 3 (of 5) US territories, with the largest decreases seen in Puerto Rico (−9 percentage points) and Kentucky (−7 percentage points), and the largest increase (+2 percentage points) seen in West Virginia.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although the current results cannot be considered representative of infants in the populations, the prevalence of a high weight-for-length has decreased among infants in WIC-PC since 2010. These decreases were similar across categories of most characteristics, but there were substantial differences across jurisdictions, possibly reflecting differences in policy and local programs that target maternal and infant health.
La microhistoria en la historiografía general
Authors: Ocampo López Javier
Published: December 2016

El texto ofrece una revisión de los estudios locales en el ámbito colombiano. El autor contextualiza el balance con los antecedentes de la historiografía mundial. Dialoga a partir de las distintas secuencias y matices historiográficos y esclarece la tipología de los estudios microhistóricos que clasifica o relaciona con la historia local, la mentalidad colectiva, la historia regional, la vida cotidiana, las historias conectas y la prosopografía.Palabras clave: historia local, historiografía colombiana, microhistoria, historiografía mundial, identidad, región. Microhistory in general historiography AbstractThe text offers a review of local studies in the Colombian environment. The author contextualizes the balance with the antecedents of world historiography. He dialogues from distinct historiographical sequences and nuances and clarifies the typology of the micro-history studies which classifies or relates to local history, collective mentality, regional history, everyday life, connected histories, and prosopography. Keywords: local history, Colombian historiography, microhistory, world historiography, identity, region.
De lo local a lo regional en el Pacifico Sur Colombiano, 1780 â€“ 1930
Authors: Almario García Oscar
Published: December 2016

El artículo analiza las estrategias, los dispositivos y las instituciones creadas por los colectivos humanos asentados en la región Pacifico Sur Colombiano entre 1780 y 1930. El texto ofrece una explicación sobre el porqué de su adaptación, transformación y flujo de intercambios, y cómo lograron una dinámica propia que en la actualidad ofrece una identidad subregional en el ámbito nacional. El autor toma como núcleo y perspectiva de análisis lo regional, cuya contextualización inicial se da a partir de la dinámica histórico-demográfico-social de sus habitantes, en su mayoría población esclava, seguida de hombres libres y aborígenes. Finalmente, analiza en gruesas líneas procesales y generales la relación región-economía, región-Estado, región-mercado y región-ciudad del objeto de estudio a partir del marco cronológico propuesto. Palabras Clave: Pacifico Sur Colombiano, diáspora africana, región, población.From the regional to the local in the Colombian South Pacific, 1780-1930  AbstractThe article analyzes the strategies, the mechanisms and the institutions created by the human groups settled in the Colombian Pacific South between 1780 and 1930. The text offers an explanation of the why of its adaptation, transformation, and interchange flow, and how they achieved their own dynamic which currently constitutes a sub-regional identity in the national sphere. The author takes regional matters as his nucleus and analytical perspective. The initial contextualization of these matters is given from the historical-demographic-social dynamic of its inhabitants, of which a majority was slaves, followed by free men, and aborigines. Finally, the author analyzes with broad procedural and general strokes, the region-economy, region-state, region-markets, and region-city relationships of the object of the study from the chronological framework proposed. Keywords: Colombian South Pacific, African diaspora, region, settlement.
El cuerpo tambien es historia local: un enfoque interdisciplinario
Authors: Arias Calero Alexander
Published: December 2016

¿Cuerpo separado o cuerpo formado? Disciplina somática en la empresa Ma-nuelita S.A. 1927 – 1965 es el titulo de la tesis escrita por el autor, y a partir de la cual en este artículo ventila sus herramientas conceptúales y los contenidos sucintos de su experiencia investigativa interdisciplinar. El hilo conductor desde una perspectiva analítica y temática es el tema del cuerpo, el concepto de Disci-plina Somática y la historia local; ejes centrales para explorar los cambios que produjeron la agroindustrialización y los cambios administrativos en la empresa Manuelita S. A., localizada en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca durante el periodo 1927-1965. El propósito del autor es mostrar cómo a pesar de la im-plementación de modelos administrativos, políticos, sociales y culturales mo-dernos propios de la industrialización agrícola, éstos son combinados con mo-delos coloniales, si se quiere, premodernos para construir y fortalecer la empresa en términos de mano de obra permanente, sentidos de pertenencia, niveles de confianza, familiaridad y una ética laboral que permiten resultados en la pro-ducción agrícola.Palabras Clave: Cuerpo, relacional, vínculos emocionales y disciplina somática.The body is also local history. An interdisciplinary focus AbstractA separate or a formed body? Somatic discipline in the Manuelita, Inc. 1927–1965 Company is the title of the thesis written by the author, and from which this article circulates its conceptual tools and the succinct contents of its investigative interdisciplinary experience. The guiding thread, from an analytical and thematic perspective, is the topic of the body, the concept of somatic discipline, and local history; central axes for exploring the changes which agro-industrialization the administrative changes in the Manuelita, Inc. Company produced, located in the Valle del Cauca department during the period of 1927-1965. The purpose of the author is to show how, in spite of the implementation of the modern administrative, political, social, and cultural models which were owned by agricultural industrialization, these are combined with colonial models, if you will, pre-modern, to construct and strengthen the company in terms of permanent work force, feelings of belonging, levels of confidence, familiarity, and a work ethic which would allow for results in agricultural production. Keywords: body, relational, emotional ties and somatic discipline.
El Club Sporting. Organización social en San Vicente de Chucurí, 1962-1966
Authors: Parra Jaimes Rene
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo analiza y describe la dinámica y forma organizacional del Club Sporting, asociación cívica de carácter deportivo, en el municipio de San Vicente de Chucuri (Santander, Colombia) entre 1962 y 1966. El objetivo es explicar su incidencia en la vida cultural y cotidiana de los miembros y habitantes del municipio, y cómo el proyecto logra motivar la participación social y política de la ciudadanía. El texto describe cómo la actividad principal que aglutina todas las actividades es el quehacer deportivo y en particular el futbol y atletismo, permite a sus habitantes crear lazos de afecto, solidaridad social, espacios de entretenimiento, recreación y la consecución de cierta infraestructura deportiva inexistente hasta ese momento. El acerbo documental se apoya en un trabajo de campo cuya información es recogida con la técnica de entrevistas, la consulta de archivos locales públicos y privados, y fuentes secundarias que motivaron al autor centrarse en actores sociales locales  y líderes naturales de la comunidad. Palabras clave: asociación cívica,  acción social colectiva, solidaridad electiva, organización Social, Club Sporting, San Vicente de Chucurí (Santander).The Club Sporting. Social organization in San Vicente de Chucurí AbstractThe article at hand analyzes and describes the dynamic and organizational shape of the Club Sporting, a civic association of a sporting character, in the municipality of San Vicente de Chucurí (Santander, Colombia) between 1962 and 1966. The objective is to explain its impact on the cultural and everyday life of the members and inhabitants of the municipality, and how the project is able to motivate the social and political participation of citizens. The text describes how the main activity which brought all of the activities together is the sporting routine and how, in particular, soccer and field and track allowed for its inhabitants to create emotional bonds, social solidarity, spaces for entertainment, recreation, and the achievement of a particular sport infrastructure that was inexistent until that moment. The rigorous documentary is backed by field work whose information is collected with the techniques of interviewing, consultations of local public and private archives, and secondary sources which motivate the author to center on the local social actors and natural leaders of the community. Keywords: civic association, collective social action, elective solidarity, social organization, Club Sporting, San Vicente de Chucurí (Santander).
Primera industria textil de algodón en Colombia, 1884-1905. Compañia industrial de Samacá "Fabrica de hilados y tejidos de algodón"
Authors: Pineda de Cuadros Nubia Elena
Published: December 2016

Es texto interpreta la fundación de la Compañía Industrial de Samacá “Fábrica de Hilados y Tejidos de Algodón” en el municipio de Samacá (Boyacá-Colombia). El artículo rinde cuenta del proceso fundacional, considerado uno de los primeros antecedentes de la industria textil contemporánea en Colombia; analiza la dinámica interna de la empresa desde una perspectiva jurídica y administrativa, así como ofrece un enfoque sobre las posibles causales de su cierre. Finalmente, responde a la pregunta: ¿por qué el gobierno departamental boyacense no apoyó el proceso de industrialización de Boyacá a través de los textiles de Samacá? El estudio se apoyo en materiales primarios y fuentes secundarias para su interpretación.Palabras clave: Industria Textil, Samacá, Estado Soberano de Boyacá, Sociedad Mixta, Capital Limitado.The first cotton textile industry in Colombia, 1884-1905. Samacá Industrial Company “Factory of spun cotton and cotton fabrics” Abstract This text interprets the founding of the Samacá Industrial Company “Factory of spun cotton and cotton fabrics” in the municipality of Samacá (Boyacá, Colombia). The article gives an account of the founding process, considered to be one of the first cases of the contemporary textile industry in Colombia; it analyzes the internal dynamic of the company from a jurisprudence and administrative perspective, in that way it offers a focus on the possible reasons related to its closing. Finally, the author responds to the question: Why did the departmental Boyacá government not support the process of industrialization of Boyacá through the textiles of Samacá? The study bases itself on primary materials and secondary sources for its interpretation. Keywords: textile industry, Samacá, Sovereign State of Boyacá, mixed society, limited capital.
La historiografía económica sobre el Valle del Cauca, siglos XIX y XX. Temas, espacios y tiempos: una aproximación cuantitativa
Authors: Zuluaga Jiménez Julio Cesar
Published: December 2016

El artículo aborda, desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, la historiografía econó-mica del Valle del Cauca para los siglos XIX y XX. El objetivo es ofrecer una aproximación sectorial a partir de la selección de una serie de variables como: temas, siglos y periodos, y espacios. La intención es rendir cuenta de modo crí-tico del nivel de desarrollo logrado por esta historiografía sobre la economía regional. Title: The economic historiography of Valle del Cauca, 19th and 20th centuries. Topics, spaces, and times: A quantitative approximation Summary: From a quantitative perspective, the article deals with the economic historiography of the Valle del Cauca for the 19th and 20th centuries. The aim is to offer a sectorial approximation from the selection of a series of variables such as: topics, centuries and periods, and spaces. The intention is, in a critical style, to give an account of the level of development achieved by this historiography on the regional economy. Keywords: economic history, 19th century, 20th century, historiography, regional history, Valle de Cauca
Guerras y expropiaciones de la época federal caucana
Authors: Valencia Llano Alonso
Published: December 2016

En el presente artículo se enuncian los factores explicativos de la crisis económica que afectó al Cauca durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX, y se les muestra como un efecto de los procesos económicos desarrollados durante el período colonial. Veremos cómo los caucanos debieron construir empresas en las cuales vincularon políticos y extranjeros para desarrollar la infraestructura necesaria, para sacar así a la región de la crisis en que la sumieron las guerras de Independencia y el rosario de guerras civiles que caracterizaron los primeros años del período republicano. Finalmente, se ofrece una visión de los efectos de las guerras sobre el desarrollo económico, evidenciando con ejemplos, como funcionarios públicos, empresarios, militares y políticos aprovecharon las guerras civiles para beneficiarse económicamente. Palabras clave: guerras, expropiaciones, Valle del Cauca, Siglo XIX.Wars and expropriations from the federal Cauca era AbstractIn the article at hand, the explicit factors of the economic crisis which affected Cauca during the first half of the 19th century, and it shows them as an effect of the economic processes developed during the colonial period. We see how the people of Cauca must have built companies in which they connected politicians and foreigners to develop the necessary infrastructure, to this way get the region out of the crisis in which it was plunged by the wars of independence and the string of civil wars that characterized the first years of the Republican Period. Finally, a vision of the effect of the wars on economic development is offered, proving through examples, how government workers, businessmen, military men, and politicians took advantage of the civil wars to benefit economically. Keywords: wars, expropriations, Valle del Cauca, 19th century