bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«Когда сидишь просто перед компьютером, он от тебя ничего не требует»: трудности и стратегии студентов при прохождении МООК в вузах
Authors: Семенова Татьяна Вадимовна
Published: May 2022

Онлайн-обучение активно встраивается в учебный процесс университетов, позволяя решать вопросы с масштабированием, гибкостью и стоимостью образовательных программ. Помимо своей экономической выгодности, оно оказывает в среднем нейтральный эффект на образовательные результаты студентов, подтверждая возможность использования онлайн-компонент в смешанном и онлайн-форматах. Однако те, кто учится онлайн, в среднем оценивают свой уровень удовлетворенности ниже, чем студенты других форм обучения. Недавнее экспериментальное исследование с оценкой эффективности массовых открытых онлайн-курсов (МООК) показало схожие результаты: отсутствие значимых различий в образовательных результатах учащихся очного, смешанного и онлайн форматов, а также более низкий уровень удовлетворенности курсом среди студентов, прошедших МООК. Почему при обучении онлайн студены немного ниже оценили свой уровень удовлетворенности, с какими проблемами столкнулись при прохождении МООК и какие стратегии использовали, чтобы их преодолеть? Настоящее исследование отвечает на эти вопросы, используя данные опросов, пяти фокус-групп и одного интервью, проведенных после завершения эксперимента среди студентов STEM-направлений второго курса бакалавриата трех вузов России. Результаты исследования показали, что учащиеся, прошедшие МООК вместо очного курса, столкнулись с трудностями самоорганизации, отсутствием помощи со стороны преподавателя, ригидностью онлайн-среды и необходимостью учить самих себя, что больше подходит для прохождения «легких» и «неважных» курсов. Форум не позволяет компенсировать отсутствие взаимодействия с преподавателем из-за непредоставления содержательных ответов и мгновенного фидбека. Также были выделены две стратегии адаптации к онлайн-образованию, обращение к которым отличается верой в собственные способности, мотивацией к обучению и наличием обходных путей для получения положительной оценки. Результаты исследования будут особенно полезны администраторам университетов, внедряющих МООК в учебный процесс своих вузов.
Качество медицинской помощи глазами пациентов: итоги независимого онлайн-опроса. Часть I
Authors: Забелина Оксана Викторовна
Published: May 2022

Вопросы оценки качества медицинской помощи выходят за рамки только технической функции медицинских организаций и регулирующих органов государственной власти. Они касаются всех, кто обращается за помощью к врачам. Тем не менее на сегодняшний день пациенты практически не имеют возможности высказаться о качестве услуг и быть услышанными. Оценки пациентов считаются субъективными, неэкспертными и непригодными для оценки качества, поскольку пациенты не обладают медицинским образованием. Существующие способы выявления мнений ограничены личными обращениями и опросами на тему оценки сервисных параметров медицинской помощи. Собираемые подобным образом оценки, как правило, имеют форму односторонних сообщений, когда информация уходит по закрытым ведомственным каналам, и дальнейшая ее судьба неизвестна. В лучшем случае пациенту удается «точечно» решить собственную проблему, но системно его мнение не меняет ничего.
Такой подход в корне противоречит тенденциям развития высококачественных систем здравоохранения, которые не только ставят во главу угла доверие со стороны населения, но и определяют в качестве приоритета возможность системы меняться в ответ на нужды людей. Пациенты хотят и могут объективно оценивать качество медицинской помощи, результативность, безопасность и другие параметры, которые считают важными. Исходя из этого в рамках онлайн-форума пациентской группы «В движении» был разработан опрос о качестве медицинской помощи в том виде, в каком его хотели бы видеть пациенты. В данной статье представлена первая часть результатов исследования, в которой приводится теоретическое обоснование возможности участия пациентов в оценке качества медицинской помощи. Во второй части статьи будут проанализированы итоги опроса о качестве медицинской помощи, разработанного и осуществленного силами пациентов.
Благодарность. Я благодарна всем пациентам и их семьям, принявшим участие в опросе и связанных с ним обсуждениях. Выражаю глубокую признательность модератору пациентской группы «В движении» Резеде Идрисовой за помощь в создании и распространении опросной анкеты, а также продуктивные предложения в ходе анализа данных. За содействие хочу поблагодарить администраторов пациентских групп, которые помогли репостами и рекомендациями по продвижению опроса в социальных сетях, в особенности участников «Клуба пациентских админов».
Альтернативный медиадискурс об РПЦ: православные Telegram-каналы
Authors: Островская Елена Александровна
Published: May 2022

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблемы неоднородности внутрицерковного медиадискурса о современном российском православии. Автор знакомит читателя с результатами своего исследования узкого сегмента либеральных Telegram-каналов. Методологической рамкой стали концепция коммуникативных фигураций Андреаса Хеппа, стратегия case-study, методы биографического и экспертного интервью. Такая композиция методологии и методов позволила автору выявить и описать социокультурные, поколенческие, профессиональные и мировоззренческие характеристики среды либеральных православных Telegram-каналов. В Telegram существуют православные каналы, посвященные непосредственно проблематике либерализации РПЦ, а также каналы, высказывающиеся по этой тематике опосредованно — через комментарии текущей новостной повестки в либеральном ключе или участие в межканальных дискуссиях. Каналы, нацеленные узко на либеральный паттерн дискуса об РПЦ, имеют отчетливый фрейм релевантности. Селекция тематик для обсуждения производится здесь в соответствии с тремя критериями: ориентированность на определенных богословов, религиозные убеждения, социальные идеи и практики. Сообразно этим критериям дискурс каналов нацелен на обсуждение таких тем, как восстановление института права в церкви, создание правовой системы с независимым судебным производством, расширение прав различных групп на участие в церковном управлении, выборность клира, финансовая отчетность, защита интересов рядового духовенства и мирян. Выборочный case-study либеральных каналов показал, что их практики разворачиваются либо в логике нишевого СМИ, либо в логике блога.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, в рамках проекта № 19-011-00871 «Социальные медиа как фактор трансформации православия в современной России».
Факторы удовлетворенности эпизодических волонтеров
Authors: Краснопольская Ирина Игоревна , Гусева Полина Дмитриевна , Мейс Лукас , Кнаан Рам
Published: May 2022

Статья опирается на тезис о значимости удовлетворенности эпизодических волонтеров для их будущего участия в добровольческой деятельности. Речь идет о тех, кто ситуативно, время от времени присоединяется к работе на разных волонтерских мероприятиях и уходит после их завершения. Такая форма волонтерского участия получила достаточно широкое распространение и приходит на смену регулярному волонтерству в некоммерческих организациях, что указывает на трансформацию парадигмы взаимодействия «некоммерческая организация — волонтер». По результатам опроса эпизодических волонтеров в нашей стране (n = 2 494, 2018) впервые дана их характеристика, а также ответы на вопросы, (1) как удовлетворенность на фоне других возможных факторов влияет на намерение будущего участия эпизодических волонтеров и (2) от чего зависит ее уровень. Выявлено, что для исследуемых волонтеров удовлетворенность более значима, чем другие переменные. При этом организация мероприятия и то, как к волонтеру относились другие члены команды, оказывают наиболее сильное влияние на удовлетворенность. Воспринимаемая принадлежность к НКО также важна для эпизодических волонтеров, и по этому критерию они не сильно отличаются от волонтеров регулярных. Ошибочно редуцировать роль и менеджмент эпизодических волонтеров до простой функции по выполнению несложных рабочих задач.
 
Благодарность. Исследование осуществлено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ.
«Эмоциональный утилитаризм» и пределы развития искусственного интеллекта
Authors: Резаев Андрей Владимирович , Трегубова Наталья Дамировна
Published: May 2022

Вхождение технологий искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в повседневную жизнь общества ставит перед исследователями новые и нетривиальные задачи, которые могут быть решены только при объединении усилий специалистов из разных областей знания. Авторы статьи предпринимают попытку объединить перспективы социологической теории, философской антропологии и компьютерных наук для ответа на вопросы о том, существует ли альтернатива утилитаризму при разработке ИИ и какие свойства человеческой социальности и эмоциональности могут быть воспроизведены в ИИ, а какие — нет. Основной тезис статьи состоит в том, что концепция индивида, которую предполагает утилитаризм, — весьма спорная в качестве характеристики человека, но неизбежная при описании функционирования искусственного интеллекта. Для обоснования данного тезиса авторы проводят сравнения между базовыми принципами социальной и эмоциональной жизни людей и животных, с одной стороны, и агентов ИИ — с другой. Авторы вводят понятие «эмоциональный утилитаризм», которое характеризует эмоциональную динамику индивида, ориентированного на максимизацию эмоциональной энергии. Делается вывод, что «эмоциональный утилитаризм» может быть воспроизведен в искусственном интеллекте — в отличие от собственно человеческих характеристик эмоций и общения. Аргументация статьи базируется на критическом обсуждении и сопоставлении идей ключевых фигур в современной теоретической социологии и философской антропологии: Рэндалла Коллинза, Энн Ролз, Аласдера Макинтайра, Марты Нуссбаум, Мэри Мидгли.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Министерства по науке и технологиям Тайваня в рамках научного проекта № 21-511-52002.
Проблематика гендерных исследований в условиях современных общественно-политических трансформаций. По материалам международной научно-практической конференции «Гендерные ресурсы устойчивого развития: международный и российский опыт»
Authors: Ирсетская Елена Александровна , Милованова Марина Юрьевна
Published: May 2022

4 марта 2022 г. в РГГУ состоялась международная научно-практическая конференция «Гендерные ресурсы устойчивого развития: международный и российский опыт», во второй раз ставшая междисциплинарной площадкой для специалистов по гендерным исследованиям. В центре внимания участников конференции были следующие вопросы: женская историческая память как ресурс устойчивого общественного развития; гендерные особенности политического восприятия власти в различные исторические эпохи; представленность женской дипломатии; социальное неравенство и политика гендерного равенства в современном мире;  проблема насилия в контексте пандемии COVID-19. Конференция представляет интерес для широкого круга специалистов, занимающихся гендерными исследованиями. Материалы обсуждений могут послужить основой принятия нормативных документов, направленных на решение важных вопросов, касающихся регулирования и защиты положения женщин в современном обществе.
Dental Tourism in Bali Province, Indonesia
Authors: Akbar Fuad Husain , Krishnan Vijayaletchumy , Yusoh Mohamad Pirdaus , Senin M.S. , Ismail Albert Feisal , Abbas Mohd Saleh
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Dental tourism is a type of medical tourism, the number of dental medical tourists traveling to get health services has increased due to various factors such as socio-economic, access and quality. Objective: To determine the relationship between access information, service quality and saving cost with service satisfaction. Method: This study used a cross sectional study design. The used convenience sampling method, Subjects of this study were foreign tourists who received dental care, conducted in 10 private dental clinics in Bali Province, Indonesia on September - October 2019. This questionnaire contained 16 question was designed to obtain information about dental tourism (access information 4 questions, service quality 7 questions, saving cost 5 questions). The data were analyzed using the chi square test with a significance level set at 5% (p <0.05). Results: Access information (p=0.009), service quality (p=0.002) and saving cost (p=0.013) have a significant relationship with patient satisfaction dental tourism. Conclusion: Relationship between access to information, service quality and saving cost significant with patient satisfaction of dental patient satisfaction in Bali Province, Indonesia.
The Dichotomy between the Sexual Autonomy of the Child and Indian Laws in the Light of Evolving Capacities of the Child
Authors: Sayyed Hifajatali , Paul Dr. Sanu Rani
Published: May 2022

‘Adolescence’ is referred as a transition from childhood to adulthood and at the adolescent stage the child began to encounter biological, mental, and emotional changes and embark on thinking independently and critically. Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) recognizes the ‘evolving capacities’ of the adolescent and their capability to take decisions with respect to matters affecting their life. Article 16 of the CRC also guarantees adolescent right to privacy and confidentiality over medical advice, counselling etc. But despite this, over the world, only a very few countries recognize the mental capacity of the adolescent in decision making. Under the Indian Law barring very few exceptions, the concept of ‘adolescence’ has not been legally recognized in the laws. In this background, this paper analyses the legal liability and capacity of adolescent under various Indian enactments, brings out the rights of adolescent under the Child Rights Convention (CRC), analyses Gillick competency prevailing in UK to put forth the claim that the evolving capacities of the child cannot be undermined in the laws pertaining to sexual autonomy and privacy of the adolescent. Besides bringing forth the inconsistencies in the existing enactments with respect to sexual autonomy of the adolescent, the paper critically analyses the provisions of POCSO and other enactments which treats even consensual sexual relations as a punishable offence.
Enhancing employability skills and supporting transition to the year
abroad: a case study
Authors: Zaher Aziza , Kassem Niveen
Published: May 2022

The year abroad is one of the most exciting yet challenging aspects of
studying modern languages. In addition to the difficulties that all students
face in transitioning to the year abroad, students of Arabic face the
challenge of Arabic diglossia, given the existence of different written and
spoken language varieties. To help with the transition to the Arabic year
abroad, Durham University provided funding to recruit a team of staff and
final-year students who had completed their year abroad to produce videos to
help prepare students for their year abroad in Jordan, Lebanon, and Morocco.
This project provided students with a unique experience that equipped them
with crucial employability-related skills such as creativity,
problem-solving, and teamwork, among others. This paper presents a case
study of the project, its outcomes, and some feedback received from students
who worked on the project and those who have used the videos.
Protective effect of Vitex altissima L.f. bark extract on cisplatin-induced renal injury in Wistar rats
Authors: Vedula Girija Sastry , Isukapatla Tejaswi , Ketha Alekhya
Published: May 2022

Cisplatin (CP) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug. The major limiting factor in the use of CP is the side effects in normal tissues, including the kidney. Since ancient times, medicinal plants are rich sources of various bioactive constituents used to treat multiple ailments, including drug toxicities. The present work is a preliminary study to explore the renoprotective actions of methanolic extract of Vitex altissima L.f. bark (Va) against CP-induced renal damage in Wistar rats. Va was found to have potent radical scavenging activity than metal ion reducing power properties, compared with ascorbic acid. Further, Va was evaluated for nephroprotective activity in rats induced by CP (8 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) on the 7th day. The animals were grouped (n = 6) and treated with Va (100 and 200 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. The outcomes of the study found that CP significantly (P < 0.001) altered the oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD and CAT), serum urea and creatinine levels. The administration of Va significantly halted the toxic condition and maintained it towards normal levels. The higher dose of Va significantly (P < 0.001) raised the SOD and CAT levels and halted the MDA levels than the low dose. Also, a higher dose of Va maintained the normal integrity of the histopathological studies of kidneys than a low dose. The present study demonstrates that V. altissima can attenuate the oxidative stress induced by CP by enhancing the endogenous antioxidant levels and depleting the lipid peroxidation levels.
Ultrafast charge transfer enhanced nonlinear optical properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite quantum dots grown from graphene
Authors: Yuan Ye , Cao Fenglin , Li Peng , Wu Jiawen , Zhu Baohua , Gu Yuzong
Published: May 2022

Halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have exhibited significantly superior nonlinear optical properties compared to traditional semiconductor materials thanks to their peculiar physical and electronic structures. By further improving the nonlinear optical properties of PQDs, it is expected to adapt to ultrafast photonics applications. This work reported the nonlinear optical properties of methylammonium lead bromide-graphene (CH3NH3PbBr3-G) composites synthesized by growing CH3NH3PbBr3 quantum dots directly from a graphene oxide lattice. Our experiments indicate that the combined advantages of the ultrafast charge transport properties from graphene and the strong charge generation efficiency of perovskite can be integrated together. The CH3NH3PbBr3-G composite exhibited enhanced saturable absorption properties with large modulation depth and very low saturation intensity. The transient absorption spectra and carrier dynamics analysis revealed that the enhancement of the saturated absorption properties of the composites mainly arose from the ultrafast charge transfer between G and CH3NH3PbBr3 which promoted the coupling between different states. The results pave the way for the design of optical switches or mode lockers based on saturable absorbers with good performance.
A Phenomenological Look at the Orgasm Gap
Authors: Niineste Rita
Published: May 2022

The orgasm gap is the marked difference in the frequency of orgasm between cisgender men and women in heterosexual intercourse that has been documented in research for decades. However, orgasm as a state of intense sexual excitement and gratification is physiologically uncomplicated and readily available for most people regardless of gender. This article undertakes a philosophical study of the processes by which the individual experience of orgasm is invested with meaning and embedded in social and cultural practices that collectively both produce and sustain the orgasm gap. By looking at the experience of orgasm as horizonal, I draw a distinction between the social and the cultural horizons of sexual experiences. I argue that social standards of sexual modesty make sexuality a field where the process through which we make sense of our individual experiences is especially dependent on how these experiences are depicted in cultural representation. The current socially normalised male perspective in cultural representation continues to conflict with the ways orgasm is experienced in female bodies. This is probably one reason why the orgasm gap persists even in countries where sex education and gender equality are highly advanced.
Recepción del pensamiento moderno europeo y enseñanza de la filosofía en el siglo XVIII en el Río de la Plata. El caso de Baruch Spinoza
Authors: Sabater Natalia
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo se propone abordar la recepción de la filosofía moderna europea que se desplegó en el siglo XVIII en dos instituciones fundamentales del territorio del Río de la Plata: la Universidad de Córdoba y el Colegio de San Carlos de Buenos Aires. Nuestro objetivo es analizar dicha recepción a pensando su vínculo con una manera específica de practicar la enseñanza de la filosofía en estas instituciones, entendiéndola como parte esencial del quehacer filosófico, como una búsqueda genuina de conocimiento. Nos concentraremos en el caso de Baruch Spinoza —pensador perseguido y condenado a la censura— para ilustrar las diversas formas en las que nuevos autores modernos eran incorporados paulatinamente a la enseñanza de la filosofía en las aulas rioplatenses.
Enseñanza de la filosofía en Norte de Santander, Colombia: caso provincia de Pamplona
Authors: Flórez-Pabón Campo Elías , Gelves Ordoñez José Jacinto , Cabeza Herrera Óscar Javier , Plazas Lara Carlos Arturo
Published: May 2022

El artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la caracterización de la educación en el área de la filosofía en el departamento de Norte de Santander, en Colombia, a través de la respuesta a la pregunta ¿cómo los profesores los colegios de la zona Pamplona enseñan filosofía en el Norte de Santander?, desde un método de investigación mixto. Estos resultados parciales de investigación en la zona Pamplona solo se enfocan en las generalidades del quehacer filosófico dentro del aparato investigativo desarrollado en 33 colegios de la región nortesantandereana. Con ellos se pretende abarcar el diseño del perfil docente de filosofía actual en la región, el cual sigue el orden de edad, género, título obtenido en pregrado, cuáles estudios de posgrado ha cursado, el estatuto docente al que pertenece, si es un docente nombrado o provisional, si ha hecho el ejercicio de publicación de textos, y la motivación para la escritura y publicación. La principal conclusión de esta investigación es que se debe fortalecer la enseñanza de la filosofía en los colegios del Norte de Santander, a través de diferentes estrategias que parten de la academia como la formación en un perfil profesional en filosofía, la creación de posgrados en esta temática, además de alimentar la importancia de la cultura investigativa como proceso de mejora de la enseñanza filosófica.
Family Safety Reporting in Medically Complex Children: Parent, Staff, and Leader Perspectives
Authors: Khan Alisa , Baird Jennifer , Kelly Michelle M. , Blaine Kevin , Chieco Deanna , Haskell Helen , Lopez Kelleen , Ngo Tiffany , Mercer Alexandra , Quiñones-Pérez Bianca , Schuster Mark A. , Singer Sara J. , Viswanath K. , Landrigan Christopher P. , Williams David , Luff Donna
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Despite compelling evidence that patients and families report valid and unique safety information, particularly for children with medical complexity (CMC), hospitals typically do not proactively solicit patient or family concerns about patient safety. We sought to understand parent, staff, and hospital leader perspectives about family safety reporting in CMC to inform future interventions.

METHODS

This qualitative study was conducted at 2 tertiary care children’s hospitals with dedicated inpatient complex care services. A research team conducted approximately 60-minute semistructured, individual interviews with English and Spanish-speaking parents of CMC, physicians, nurses, and hospital leaders. Audio-recorded interviews were translated, transcribed, and verified. Two researchers coded data inductively and deductively developed and iteratively refined the codebook with validation by a third researcher. Thematic analysis allowed for identification of emerging themes.

RESULTS

We interviewed 80 participants (34 parents, 19 nurses and allied health professionals, 11 physicians, and 16 hospital leaders). Four themes related to family safety reporting were identified: (1) unclear, nontransparent, and variable existing processes, (2) a continuum of staff and leadership buy-in, (3) a family decision-making calculus about whether to report, and (4) misaligned staff and parent priorities and expectations. We also identified potential strategies for engaging families and staff in family reporting.

CONCLUSIONS

Although parents were deemed experts about their children, buy-in about the value of family safety reporting among staff and leaders varied, staff and parent priorities and expectations were misaligned, and family decision-making around reporting was complex. Strategies to address these areas can inform design of family safety reporting interventions attuned to all stakeholder groups.
The finite element modeling of rigid inclusion-supported embankment
Authors: Alsirawan Rashad , Koch Edina
Published: May 2022

The design of supported embankments on soft soil is a common challenge for civil engineers. This article aims to evaluate the performance of three advanced constitutive models for predicting the behavior of soft soils, i.e., hardening soil, hardening soil model with small-strain stiffness, and soft soil creep. A case study of a rigid inclusion-supported embankment is used for this purpose. Plaxis 3D program was adopted to predict the settlements in subsoil layers and vertical stresses in the load transfer platform. Comparison between field measurements and result of Plaxis 3D modeling was performed. Results demonstrate that soft soil creep model yields predictions in a good agreement with the field measurements, while hardening soil small strain model gives slightly worst predictions.
On Becoming Language Education Professionals: Reframing Doctoral Students’ Perceptions of Language Teacher Identity Negotiations
Authors: Mannion Patrick , Liontas John
Published: May 2022

This study describes doctoral students’ identity work within a Community of Practice, which developed in a course on educational technology use in L2 education. Course activities (collaborative digital storytelling, asynchronous discussions) positioned them as developing professionals and enabled them to provide mutual support and delineate ideal practices of language educators.
The Short Chain Free Fatty Acids and Their Receptors in the Microbiotic Concept for Asthma Development
Authors: Kytikovа Oksana Y. , Denisenko Yuliya K. , Novgorodtseva Tatyana P. , Antonyuk Marina V. , Gvozdenko Tatyana A.
Published: May 2022

Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous inflammatory disease with a high variability of the flow caused by the trigger influence of genetic and environmental factors. The heterogeneity of asthma indicates the involvement of many components in the mechanism of the inflammation of the respiratory tract. Currently, the microbiotic concept of the pathogenesis of respiratory system diseases is studied, based on the existence of a bilateral relationship between the microflora lungs and the intestines. The key mechanism of these relationships is free fatty acids performing signal and regulatory functions in the body. The medium-chain and long-chain free fatty acids are synthesized by de novo or enter the body as a result of consumption of fats, while the short-chain free fatty acids are formed in the intestine as a result of partial digestion of soluble fibre. The mechanism connecting the free fatty acids and inflammatory reactions includes activation of their receptors (Free Fatty Acid Receptor, FFAR) expressed on the cells of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract, as well as on immune cells. If the role of the medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids receptors (FFAR1, FFAR4) and their ligands in the pathogenesis of asthma is actively studied, the value of the short-chain receptors (FFAR2, FFAR3) only begins to attract the attention of researchers in connection with the emergence of numerous data on the interconnection of the respiratory microbiome paths and intestines and its possible role in the induction of broncho-pulmonary complications. This review includes modern knowledge of the microbiotic concept of asthma, the basic information about the nomenclature, metabolism and transport of the free fatty acids, the value of the individual classes of the free fatty acids in the regulation of immune processes is normal and at bronchopulmonary pathology. The latest data of the FFAR receptors are systematized, features of their activation and expression, the intended role of FFAR2 and FFAR3 in the development and asthma therapy. It is discussed that gastrointestinal microbiota correction can reduce the activity of chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract at asthma.
Possible Persons: Dickensian Character, Violent Play
Authors: Smith Vanessa
Published: May 2022

This essay proposes a new way of thinking about Dickens's “little” characters in The Old Curiosity Shop and Our Mutual Friend, referencing Melanie Klein's “play-technique.” Klein was the first to theorize the anxious aggressive child and to posit a complex object relating in which the damage and repair of toys mediated and modulated the unmanageability of infantile emotion. Dickensian characterization, often criticized as object-like and lacking complex interiority, can be understood to intuit the developmental dynamics that Klein would locate in interactions between the child and the thing. Dickens's increasingly interiorized protagonists are surrounded and mirrored by toylike figures that problematize the thesis of novelistic maturation, proving as essential to the depiction of a complex psychology as internal monologue or achieved Bildung.
Reading Late Modern Wartime in the Anthropocene: Elizabeth Bowen'sThe Little Girls
Authors: Pong Beryl
Published: May 2022

This article considers the way Elizabeth Bowen'sThe Little Girls(1963) continually gestures beyond its narrative present, and the consequences this has for the text's interpretation in its future—our present moment of environmental crisis. Bowen's late work is concerned with “late modern wartime”: a period when global conflicts seemed recursive, repetitious, or continuous. But this was also a wartime whose environmental impacts, by the 1960s, became enmeshed with deep geological timescales, when radionuclides were discovered to remain toxic into the far future. Tracing how Bowen grappled with anxiety about the future, from interwar culture to the Cold War, the article answers the critical injunction that we need new modes of reading in the Anthropocene by returning to the mid-century—now considered to be a key “beginning” of the Anthropogenic age. It argues that the posthuman imagination lies at the intersection between the nuclear uncanny and the anthropogenic uncanny.
The Use of Controlled Atmosphere Box in Sweet Cherry Storage
Authors: GÜNEYLİ Atakan , ONURSAL Cemile Ebru , SEÇMEN Tuba , SEVİNÇ ÜZÜMCÜ Seda , KOYUNCU Mehmet Ali , ERBAŞ Derya
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study was to examine the use of controlled atmosphere (CA) box, a new technology, for sweet cherry storage. In addition, this technology was compared to normal (NA) and modified atmosphere (MAP) storages commonly used in sweet cherry preservation. The ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry variety, the most popular in Turkey, was used as the material. Fruit harvested at optimum stage were transported to the laboratory immediately, and pre-cooled at 1°C. After pre-cooling, fruit were stored at 0°C and 90±5% relative humidity (RH) for 5 weeks in NA, MAP conditions, and in CA box at 2°C. During the storage period, weight loss, fruit skin color, stem color, respiration rate, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), gas composition of box and MAP were determined at weekly intervals. Fruit were also evaluated for sensory attributes during cold storage. Samples taken from cold storage in each week were stored for 2 days at 20°C for shelf life and then fruit were re-evaluated. According to evaluation criteria, the CA boxes gave better results than the other storage conditions at the end of the storage period of 35 days. Sweet cherry cv. ‘0900 Ziraat’ could be stored for 5 weeks in CA box and 4 weeks in MAP, with marketable quality.
Genotype Effect as One of the Affecting Factors on The Success of Anther Culture in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: BAT Hayati , ALTINDAĞ Fatma Nur , YİĞİT Merve Arefe , ELLİALTIOĞLU Şeküre Şebnem , ÇMLEKÇİOĞLU Nuray
Published: May 2022

Anther culture technique is one of the commonly used method in order to obtain haploid plants in eggplant. It is known that androgenic response in eggplant is variable and one of the most important factors determining success is the genotype effect. Low or insufficient embryogenic response limits the use of double haploid technology in breeding programs. Therefore, determining the embryogenic responses of genotypes is a step for the use of this technology in breeding studies. In this study, 61 eggplant genotypes at various breeding stages (F1, F2, and F3) in the gene pool of United Genetics Vegetable Seeds Company (Mustafakemalpaşa, Bursa, Turkey) were evaluated in terms of androgenic responses. Significant differences were determined among eggplant genotypes in terms about embryo induction and conversion rates of embryos to full plantlets. In the study, responsiveness to anther culture based on genotype ranged from 0.0%-21.58%. The conversion rate of induced embryos to plants varied between 0.0% and 100%.
Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Myrtle Fruits and Leaves Grown in Antalya (Türkiye)
Authors: BAYIR YEĞİN Arzu , ÇINAR Ahu , TOKGÖZ Haluk , GÖLÜKÇÜ Muharrem , TUĞRUL AY Saadet
Published: May 2022

Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) is an evergreen shrub belonging to the family of Myrtaceae that grows spontaneously throughout the Mediterranean area. In Turkey, myrtle tree is grown in pine forests and riversides, particularly in the Taurus mountains, from sea level to 500–600 m. Their antioxidant activity has been attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds and essential oils. The purpose of this work is to characterize myrtle plants through its physical and chemical characteristics such as phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity for selecting the promising genotypes in Antalya coastal region of Turkey. Phenolic compounds were extracted from leaves and berries. Phenolic composition was determined by LC-MS-MS. Antioxidant activity was measured with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Phenolic substance was higher in the leaf samples collected from Kumluca (BM15 and BM16) and in the fruit samples collected from Kemer (BM13) and Kaş (BM19) when compared to other regions. High antioxidant activity was detected in the leaf sample BM16 collected from Kumluca (0.13 µl) and the fruit sample (BM19) collected from Kaş (0.45 µl). It was determined that significantly differences in the phenolic compositions and antioxidant activities of myrtle leaves and fruits were to be found among genotypes grown in different locations.
New record of parasitic isopod (Isopoda: Bopyridae) infecting the branchial chamber of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda: Portunidae) in the Philippines
Authors: Dela Cruz Marwin B. , Quiazon Karl Marx A. , Vera Cruz Emmanuel M.
Published: May 2022

A parasitic disease causing swollen carapace in commercially important blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus L.) has not received considerable attention; neither its causative agent is identified nor its seasonality is recorded. This study aimed to identify the parasite in P. pelagicus inhabiting the Manila Bay. Parasite found in the branchial chamber were isolated, preserved in ethanol and examined. A total of 292 crab specimens were examined and ten were found to be infected (3.42% prevalence with 0–2 parasites per host). Infections were only observed in November 2014 and between January and June 2015. The highest prevalence of infection (10.34%) was recorded in January 2015 whereas the greatest intensity of infection (up to two parasites per infected crab individual) was recorded from February to April 2015. The parasite, based on morphology, was identified as Allokepon monodi. This study presents the third record of female and second record of male A. monodi infecting a crab species. It also represents the first record of male A. monodi in P. pelagicus and in the Philippines. We recommend further studies on the impacts and economic implications of the disease.
First records of sponge-dwelling shrimp Synalpheus coutierei Banner, 1953 (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the west coast of India
Authors: Purohit Barkha , Vachhrajani Kauresh D.
Published: May 2022

The occurrence of the two pairs of mature sponge dwelling shrimp Synalpheus coutierei Banner, 1953 is reported first time from the west coast in Gujarat, India. This species is previously reported from the east coast of India. The detailed morphological characteristic and distribution of the species are given in the paper.
Fish stock demographics of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) from Kavaratti in Lakshadweep, Southern Arabian Sea
Authors: Muhsin Aliyyathumada Ishyyapura , Shahul Hameed Pentam Veli Pura , Pookoya Pathummathada , Harikrishnan Mahadevan , Ranjeet Kutty
Published: May 2022

Marine fish stocks are depleting at an alarming rate. Skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis has been exploited in Lakshadweep Island area in the Indian Ocean mainly by pole and line fishery which constituted one-third of its production in the country. Age, growth, demographics and stock assessment of this species were investigated from the Lakshadweep waters. The von Bertalanffy growth factors were estimated as asymptotic length 72.5 cm, growth constant 0.480 and the theoretical age at zero-length as –0.1097. This study showed that skipjack grows from 30 to 68.26 cm from first to sixth year. The natural mortality, fishing mortality and total mortality were 0.82, 1.51 and 2.33 respectively. The exploitation ratio was 0.65, while the exploitation which maximises relative yield per recruit (Emax) was 1.0.  Recruitment pattern showed that young recruits entered the fishing grounds in most months, with peaks during June–July. Length based Virtual Population Analysis indicated that the major loss in its stock up to 22 cm was due to natural causes. At the same time, higher fishing mortality was registered in 40–60 cm length group. The present study provides knowledge on the demographics of K. pelamis, pertinent for formulating an effective fisheries management in the region.
Fisheries education in Sri Lanka: current status, constraints and future outlook
Authors: Bandara Tharindu , Radampola Kumudu
Published: May 2022

Sustainable utilization of the fishery resources along with manpower is one of the most important aspects of fisheries science. Although a huge manpower is available in the fisheries sector, lapses in knowledge also prevalent in various subsections of fishery related occupations. In this scenario, this paper attempts to evaluate the various levels of fisheries education in Sri Lanka. It has been observed that clear demarcation of the level of fisheries education such as undergraduate, postgraduate, and basic level exists in Sri Lanka. Although a low level of student enrolment, university education of fisheries and aquaculture is at satisfactory level. Expansion of fisheries education for basic levels such as education of fisherwomen needs to be improved. Scientific dissemination of knowledge by published works such as journals should further be expanded and indexing of those journals in reputable and reliable databases is needed. Several constraints in Sri Lankan fisheries education such as inadequate funding, low level of student enrolment, quality of the students and less cooperation with industries etc. were also identified. Therefore, finding possible solutions to these issues is necessary to ensure the quality of the education in Sri Lanka.
Feasibility of using sailfin catfish meal as an alternative to commercial fishmeal in the diets of juvenile guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: De Fonseka Raneesha , Radampola Kumudu
Published: May 2022

A six weeks feeding trial was conducted to elucidate the effect of fishmeal produced from sailfin catfish (SCM) by replacing imported commercial fishmeal (FM) in the diet of Poecilia reticulata to reduce the cost of feed. Twenty one days old guppy fry (1.99±0.09 cm; 0.07±0.02 g) were fed four diets using different levels of SCM; control diet (CD; 0% SCM), 10SCM (10% SCM), 20SCM (20% SCM) and 30SCM (30% SCM). SCM contained higher protein content (69.5%) compared to FM (61%). Final body weight, %ADG, %SGR or FCR (1.77±0.16 – 2.21±0.26) and food consumption (9.3±0.1 – 9.45±0.5) did not influence by inclusion of SCM.  Survival (>80%) did not influence by the type and quantity of fishmeal inclusion. Moreover, significantly higher profit index for 30SCM (8.94±1.43) and 20SCM (7.88±4.23) was recorded than CD (5.17±4.43) which contained imported, expensive FM.  Overall, the present study revealed that commercial fishmeal can be fully replaced by SCM in the diets of juvenile guppy without any adverse effects on their growth. Therefore, producing fishmeal using sailfin catfish, which is an invasive species in reservoirs in Sri Lanka and an underutilized source, will be a feasible method to overcome the invasive problem.
Efficacy of oral oxytetracycline therapy against Aeromonas caviae infection in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) juveniles
Authors: Roy Anwesha , Abraham Thangapalam Jawahar , Singha Jasmine , Julinta Roy Beryl , Boda Satyanarayana
Published: May 2022

The present study evaluated the effects of Aeromonas caviae infection and oral oxytetracycline (OTC) therapy based on the histopathological alterations, serum creatinine, and antibiotic resistance in the gut-bacteria of Oreochromis niloticus. Ten days of OTC therapy at 2 g kg feed–1 at 3% body weight reduced the mortalities to 30% compared to 50% in the abrasion-immersion (AI) challenged and untreated group. The feed intake was reduced in challenged fish, which consumed about 42 mg OTC against the recommended minimum therapeutic dose of 55 mg kg biomass–1 day–1. The OTC-resistant gut bacteria increased by 5.84 folds in 10 days of OTC feeding. The fish kidney exhibited glomerulopathy, nephropathy including nephritis, and lost its structural integrity within 5 days post-injection. An improved structural organization of glomerulus and renal tubules was noted with OTC therapy. Despite the improved kidney functions, as confirmed by the serum creatinine levels, the fish could not recuperate fully on day 21 post-OTC therapy. The initial high mortalities in A. caviae challenged fish suggested that the dose and feed ration used in this study was only partially effective. The findings of the present study may be useful while planning the mitigation strategies for disease management.
Impact of hydropower project (RoR) on the ichthyofaunal diversity of river Birahiganga in Central Himalaya (India)
Authors: Singh Gurnam , Agarwal Naresh Kumar
Published: May 2022

We examined the present status of ichthyofaunal diversity of river Birahiganga in compliance to the construction of one hydropower project (HPP). The river is diverted through tunnel, leaving very less water in its fragmented course (~2.5 km). Sometime river gets almost dried in summer season. Altogether 20 fish species belonging to two orders, three families and eight genera were reported from fragmented and continuous flowing stretches of the river. Snow trout (Schizothorax and Schizothoraichthys spp.) have shown major share in total fish catch composition whereas the typical hill stream fishes (Garra and Pseudecheneis spp.) were the least contributor. Installation of HPP has effect on the fish population structure. Maximum species richness (20 species) was recorded from mainstream whereas 16 species were procured from the fragmented stretch. Relative abundance of most of the species was considerably high in the mainstream than the fragmented stretch, except Glyptothorax pectinopterus which has shown equal abundance at both the sites. Low water discharge in the fragmented stretch supports only small sized fishes. The degradation of habitat ecology and variation in physico-chemical features seems distressing the fish population structure.
Nutritional evaluation of soybean meal after fermentation with two fish gut bacterial strains, Bacillus cereus LRF5 and Staphylococcus caprae CCF2 in formulated diets for Labeo rohita fingerlings
Authors: Dan Suhas Kumar , Banerjee Goutam , Nandi Ankita , Ray Arun Kumar
Published: May 2022

Twelve isonitrogenous (35 % crude protein) and isocaloric (18.0 kJ/g) diets were formulated incorporating raw and fermented soybean meal (SBM) at 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% levels by weight. Two phytase-producing bacterial strains, Bacillus cereus LRF5 and Staphylococcus caprae CCF2 isolated from the gut of adult Labeo rohita and Catla catla, respectively were used for fermentation of SBM. Fermentation of SBM was effective in reducing the anti-nutritional factors, trypsin inhibitor and phytic acid and enhancing protein, lipid and mineral concentration. The response of L. rohita, fingerlings (initial weight 3.33±0.07 g) fed the experimental diets for 100 days was compared with fish fed a fish meal based diet. In terms of growth, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio, diet S7 containing 45% SBM fermented with B. cereus LRF5 resulted in a significantly (P<0.05) better performance of fish. The overall performance of L. rohita fed fermented SBM incorporated diets was better in comparison to those fed raw SBM incorporated diets. The apparent digestibility of nutrients and minerals was significantly (P<0.05) higher in fish fed diet S7. The maximum deposition of protein in the carcass was recorded in fish fed diet S7. Diets containing fermented SBM reduced fecal P levels.
Threatened fishes of the world: Anoxypristis cuspidata (Latham, 1794) (Pristidae)
Authors: Radkhah Ali Reza , Eagderi Soheil
Published: May 2022

The knifetooth sawfish Anoxypristis cuspidata (Latham, 1794) is a species of sawfish belonging to the family Pristidae. It is an Indo-West Pacific species occurring from the northern Persian Gulf to Australia and north to Japan. The species is assessed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Main threats to the species are fishing, coastal development and habitat degradation. This sawfish species has considerable ecological importance for the regions, but there are little data of its populations. Hence, a detailed study of population status, ecological and biological characteristics of A. cuspidata is required. This study will provide basic information on distribution, biological characteristics and conservation of this species.
Effect of dietary administration of the herbal additive siamweed (Chromolaena odorata) on growth performance and haematological changes in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings
Authors: Dada Adekunle Ayokanmi , Sonibare Oladoye Francis
Published: May 2022

This work was conducted to study the effect of diets supplemented with different levels of aqueous extract of siamweed (Chromolaena odorata) leaf powder on growth performance, feed utilization and some blood parameters of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings in 2014 at the Federal University of Technology, Nigeria. Fingerlings of about 6.84-6.86 g were fed diets supplemented with four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g) of C. odorata leaf extract powder for eight weeks. The highest specific growth rate (0.96±1.16 % day–1) and best food conversion ratio (2.87±0.26) were obtained in fish fed 0.5 g 100 g−1 C. odorata leaf extract powder diet treatment. There were significant differences in fish carcass protein, lipid or ash content among the treatments (p<0.05). No differences occurred in white blood cells among the treatments (p>0.05) but there were greater improvement in the white blood cells of fish fed on dietary C. odorata leaf extract powder compared to the fish fed the control diet. The results suggest that dietary supplementation with C. odorata leaf extract powder improved growth rate, feed utilization, white blood cells and survival of C. gariepinus fingerlings.