bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism of Electroacupuncture at Zusanli Promotes Macrophage Polarization during the Fibrotic Process in Contused Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Yan Mingyang , Wang Rongguo , Liu Shouyao , Chen Ying , Lin Peng , Li Tengqi , Wang Yunting
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Currently, many clinical experiments are being conducted to study the effect of acupuncture on skeletal muscle contusions, and its therapeutic effect has been confirmed to some extent. However, the mechanism of recovery by electroacupuncture (EA) in skeletal muscles after blunt trauma remains unknown. Objective: To determine whether EA at Zusanli can contribute to the regeneration of contused skeletal muscle and the molecular mechanism involved. Methods: Masson’s trichrome staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to measure the area of fibrotic tissue and determine the number of centrally nucleated muscle fibers respectively. The different immune phenotypes of macrophages were determined by flow cytometry. Then, ELISA was used to analyze the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, interferon-α (IFN-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the injured tissue. Finally, the expression of MyoD in the tissue was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: EA at Zusanli helped regenerate contused skeletal muscle by alleviating fibrosis and increasing the size of the regenerating myofibres in the injured skeletal muscle. EA at Zusanli increased the number of M2 macrophages and decreased the number of M1 macrophages in contused skeletal muscle. EA at Zusanli decreased the level of cytokine IFN-γ and increased the levels of IL-4, interleukin-13 (IL-13), and IFN-α, which promoted macrophage polarization during the fibrosis recovery process in the contused skeletal muscle. EA at Zusanli could increase the expression of MyoD in tissues. Conclusions: EA at Zusanli promoted macrophage polarization during the fibrotic process in contused skeletal muscle by decreasing cytokine IFN-γ and increasing IL-4, IL-13, and IFN-α, which contributed to the regeneration of the contused skeletal muscle.
Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Attenuates Vascular Calcification and Secondary Myocardial Remodeling via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wei Ming , Gan Lu , Liu Zheng , Liu Li , Chang Jin-Rui , Yin Da-Chuan , Cao Hui-Ling , Su Xing-Li , Smith Wanli W.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Vascular calcification (VC) is a complex, regulated process involved in many disease entities. So far, there are no treatments to reverse it. Exploring novel strategies to prevent VC is important and necessary for VC-related disease intervention. Objective: In this study, we evaluated whether MOTS-c, a novel mitochondria-related 16-aa peptide, can reduce vitamin D3 and nicotine-induced VC in rats. Methods: Vitamin D3 plus nicotine-treated rats were injected with MOTS-c at a dose of 5 mg/kg once a day for 4 weeks. Blood pressure, heart rate, and body weight were measured, and echocardiography was performed. The expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the angiotensin II type 1 (AT-1) and endothelin B (ET-B) receptors was determined by Western blot analysis. Results: Our results showed that MOTS-c treatment significantly attenuated VC. Furthermore, we found that the level of phosphorylated AMPK was increased and the expression levels of the AT-1 and ET-B receptors were decreased after MOTS-c treatment. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that MOTS-c may act as an inhibitor of VC by activating the AMPK signaling pathway and suppressing the expression of the AT-1 and ET-B receptors.
Exploring Social Dominance in Wild Diademed Sifakas (Propithecus diadema): Females Are Dominant, but It Is Subtle and the Benefits Are Not Clear
Authors: Rasolonjatovo Safidy Malala , Irwin Mitchell T.
Published: November 2019

Rarely observed in mammals, female dominance is documented in several of Madagascar’s lemurs. Although dominance affects many aspects of primates’ lives, studies have largely focused on dyadic agonistic interactions to characterise relationships. We explored the power structure of three diademed sifaka groups (Propithecus diadema) at Tsinjoarivo during the lean season (July-August, 325 h) using social behaviours, group leadership, displacements and feeding outcomes. Two groups had a hierarchy dominated by the breeding female, while the highest rank was held by the breeding male in the third; in dyadic interactions, breeding females dominated males in all groups. Inconsistencies in hierarchies suggest that groups vary, with rank related to kinship ties of breeders. Aggression and grooming were rare; adult females received aggression at lower frequencies than males. Group movements were led more by females and followed more by males, and female feeding priority was evident in displacements during feeding. However, males and females did not differ in feeding outcomes, as expected (particularly in the lean season) if female dominance (and/or male deference) serves to ensure better access for females. This unexpected pattern (female dominance despite rare aggression, clear female leadership and displacement, yet no observable benefit in grooming or feeding outcomes) defies easy explanation, and reinforces the fact that studies examining female power in lemurs should take a multifaceted approach. Further study is needed to understand this pattern, the physiological and reproductive consequences of female dominance (e.g. detecting subtler variation in food quality or intake rates) and exactly how (and when) the benefits of female dominance are manifested.
The Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Deformed 11C-Methionine-Positron Emission Tomography Images in Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Jung Tae-Young , Jung Shin , Ryu Han-Seung , Kim In-Young , Jang Woo-Youl , Moon Kyung-Sub , Lim Sa-Hoe , Kim Dong-Yeon , Kang Sae-Ryung , Min Jung-Joon , Bom Hee-Seung , Kim Seul-Kee , Kwon Seong Young
Published: November 2019

Background: Although 11C-methionine positron emission tomography (MET-PET) images can be fused with magnetic resonance (MR) images using planning software for gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR), the stereotactic information has limited value in patients with recurrent malignant brain tumor due to the difference in imaging protocols between MET-PET and MR images. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of MR imaging (MRI)-deformed MET-PET images in GKR using a deformable registration tool. Methods: We examined the enhanced MR stereotactic images, MET-PET and MRI-deformed MET-PET images without stereotactic information for 12 newly developed metastatic brain tumors. MET-PET and MRI-deformed MET-PET images were co-registered with the MR stereotactic images using radiosurgery planning software. Visual analysis was performed to determine whether the MET-PET and MR images matched better after using the deformable registration tool. In addition, the matching volume between MR and MET-PET images was compared before and after applying this tool. The matching volume was calculated as the metabolic tumor volume on the MET-PET images, including the MR-enhanced volume. The matching percentage was calculated as the matching volume divided by the MR-enhanced volume, multiplied by 100. Results: Visual analysis revealed that the MRI-deformed MET-PET images provided the same axial plane as that of the MR images, with the same window level, enabling easy identification of the tumor with the radiosurgery planning software. The mean matching percentage of the MET-PET/MR fusion images was 61.1% (range 24.7–94.7) and that of the MRI-deformed MET-PET/MR fusion images was 63.4% (range 20.8–94.3). No significant difference was found in the matching percentage between the two types of fusion images (p = 0.754). Conclusions: The MRI-deformed MET-PET images enable utilization of the functional information when planning a treatment in GKR without significant volume change.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome: News from an Old Disorder
Authors: Ferreira Ana Isabel , Garrido Mónica , Castro-Poças Fernando
Published: November 2019

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, which can affect all members of a society, regardless of age, sex, race or socioeconomic status. Because of its high prevalence and chronic nature, it represents a significant economic burden. In fact, these patients have a relevant impairment of their quality of life, which limits their work productivity and daily social activities, especially when it is associated with other disorders, such as anxiety and depression. The diagnosis of IBS relies on symptom-based diagnostic criteria with normal results on a limited number of complementary tests that rule out other possible diagnoses. The aetiology of this condition is incompletely established. However, evidence suggests that it is a multifactorial disorder with several different mechanisms that have been implicated as responsible for the symptoms. Since the treatment strategy is usually based on predominant symptoms and their severity, it is important to recognise the underlying mechanisms in order to successfully relief the visceral pain and altered bowel habits. The aim of this non-systematic review of the literature was to explore the pathophysiology and treatment options of IBS, highlighting the most recent evidence, from the new Rome IV criteria to the new drug armamentarium.
Biomarkers of Cardiac Dysfunction as Risk Factors in Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Tateishi Yohei , Kanamoto Tadashi , Yamashita Kairi , Hirayama Takuro , Yoshimura Shunsuke , Miyazaki Teiichiro , Tsuneto Akira , Maemura Koji , Morofuji Yoichi , Horie Nobutaka , Izumo Tsuyoshi , Shiraishi Hirokazu , Tsujino Akira
Published: November 2019

Background: It is unclear whether biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction are associated with cryptogenic stroke (CS). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated consecutive ischemic stroke patients. Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography to evaluate left atrial diameter and the peak transmitral filling velocity/mean mitral annular velocity during early diastole (E/e’). Patent foramen ovale (PFO) and left atrial appendage flow velocity were evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography. We compared clinical characteristics and biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction (brain natriuretic peptide [BNP], left atrial diameter, E/e’, and left atrial appendage flow velocity) between CS or CS without large PFO and other causative stroke subtypes. Results: Among 1,514 patients with ischemic stroke, 264 patients were classified as having CS. Of these, transesophageal echocardiography revealed 27/158 (17%) large PFOs. In comparison, for the noncardioembolic stroke group, which consisted of large artery and small vessel subtypes, patients with CS without large PFO had higher log10 BNP (adjusted OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.92–3.78; p < 0.001), higher log10 E/e’ (3.41; 1.21–13.15; p = 0.019), and lower left atrial appendage flow velocity (0.98; 0.97–1.00; p = 0.031). Left atrial diameter was similar for noncardioembolic stroke and CS without large PFO (p = 0.380). Cutoff values of BNP, E/e’, and left atrial appendage flow velocity capable of distinguishing CS without large PFO from noncardioembolic stroke were 65.0 pg/mL (sensitivity 55.3%; specificity 70.9%), 13.0 (45.5%; 68.0%), and 46.0 cm/s (37.1%; 87.5%), respectively. Conclusion: Patients with CS without large PFO could have biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction.
Кількісна морфологічна оцінка структурної перебудови артерій яєчка при артеріальній гіпертензії в малому колі кровообігу
Authors: Hnatjuk M. S. , Tatarchuk L. V. , Konovalenko S. O.
Published: November 2019

Мета роботи: вивчити особливості структурної перебудови артерій яєчків при пострезекційній легеневій артеріальній гіпертензії.

Матеріали і методи. Морфологічними методами досліджено структурну перебудову артерій яєчок 45 щурів, які були розділені на 3 групи. 1-ша група включала 15 інтактних тварин, 2-га – 20 щурів з артеріальною гіпертензією у малому колі кровообігу і компенсованим легеневим серцем, 3-тя – 10 експериментальних тварин з легеневою артеріальною гіпертензією і декомпенсованим легеневим серцем. Пострезекційну легеневу артеріальну гіпертензію і легеневе серце моделювали шляхом виконання у щурів правосторонньої пульмонектомії. Через місяць від початку досліду здійснювали евтаназію щурів кровопусканням в умовах тіопенталового наркозу. Проводили окреме зважування камер серця, їх планіметрію. З яєчок вирізали шматочки, які фіксували в 10 % розчині формаліну, проводили через етилові спирти зростаючої концентрації та поміщали у парафін. Мікротомні зрізи після депарафінізації фарбували різними барвниками. У лівому та правому яєчках вимірювали зовнішній і внутрішній діаметри артерій дрібного калібру, товщину медії, індекс Керногана, висоту ендотеліоцитів, діаметр їх ядер, ядерно-цитоплазматичні відношення в ендотеліоцитах, відносний об’єм ушкоджених клітин. Кількісні показники обробляли статистично.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Морфометрично виявлено, що при декомпенсації пострезекційного легеневого серця просвіт артерій дрібного калібру лівого яєчка зменшився на 12,6 %, індекс Керногана – на 11,7 %, а правого – відповідно на 9,5 та 9,9 %. Відносний об’єм ушкоджених ендотеліоцитів досліджуваних судин у лівому яєчку при правошлуночковій недостатності зріс у 11,6 раза, а правому – у 9,3 раза. Встановлено, що в умовах змодельованої патології виражено потовщується стінка, звужується просвіт досліджуваних артерій, пошкоджуються ендотеліоцити, порушується структурний клітинний гомеостаз, що ускладнюється їх дисфункцією, погіршанням кровопостачання органа, гіпоксією, дистрофічними, некробіотичними змінами клітин і тканин, осередками інфільтрації та склерозу. Структурні зміни артерій переважали у лівому яєчку та при декомпенсації легеневого серця.
Monogenic and Polygenic Contributions to Atrial Fibrillation Risk
Authors: Choi Seung Hoan , Jurgens Sean J. , Weng Lu-Chen , Pirruccello James P. , Roselli Carolina , Chaffin Mark , Lee Christina J.-Y. , Hall Amelia W. , Khera Amit V. , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Lubitz Steven A. , Ellinor Patrick T.
Published: November 2019

Rationale:

Genome-wide association studies have identified over 100 genetic loci for atrial fibrillation (AF); recent work described an association between loss-of-function (LOF) variants in
TTN
and early-onset AF.

Objective:

We sought to determine the contribution of rare and common genetic variation to AF risk in the general population.

Methods:

The UK Biobank is a population-based study of 500 000 individuals including a subset with genome-wide genotyping and exome sequencing. In this case-control study, we included AF cases and controls of genetically determined white-European ancestry; analyses were performed using a logistic mixed-effects model adjusting for age, sex, the first 4 principal components of ancestry, empirical relationships, and case-control imbalance. An exome-wide, gene-based burden analysis was performed to examine the relationship between AF and rare, high-confidence LOF variants in genes with ≥10 LOF carriers. A polygenic risk score for AF was estimated using the LDpred algorithm. We then compared the contribution of AF polygenic risk score and LOF variants to AF risk.

Results:

The study included 1546 AF cases and 41 593 controls. In an analysis of 9099 genes with sufficient LOF variant carriers, a significant association between AF and rare LOF variants was observed in a single gene,
TTN
(odds ratio, 2.71,
P
=2.50×10
−8
). The association with AF was more significant (odds ratio, 6.15,
P
=3.26×10
−14
) when restricting to LOF variants located in exons highly expressed in cardiac tissue (
TTN
LOF
). Overall, 0.44% of individuals carried
TTN
LOF
variants, of whom 14% had AF. Among individuals in the highest 0.44% of the AF polygenic risk score only 9.3% had AF. In contrast, the AF polygenic risk score explained 4.7% of the variance in AF susceptibility, while
TTN
LOF
variants only accounted for 0.2%.

Conclusions:

Both monogenic and polygenic factors contribute to AF risk in the general population. While rare
TTN
LOF
variants confer a substantial AF penetrance, the additive effect of many common variants explains a larger proportion of genetic susceptibility to AF.
Circulating Circular RNAs as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prediction of Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zuo Lei , Zhang Lin , Zu Juan , Wang Zan , Han Bing , Chen Biling , Cheng Mengjing , Ju Minzi , Li Mingyue , Shu Guofang , Yuan Mengqin , Jiang Wei , Chen Xufeng , Yan Fuling , Zhang Zhijun , Yao Honghong
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose—

Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) show promise as stroke biomarkers because of their participation in various pathophysiological processes associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and stability in peripheral blood.

Methods—

A circRNA microarray was used to identify differentially expressed circulating circRNAs in a discovery cohort (3 versus 3). Validation (36 versus 36) and replication (200 versus 100) were performed in independent cohorts by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Platelets, lymphocytes, and granulocytes were separated from blood to examine the origins of circRNAs.

Results—

There were 3 upregulated circRNAs in Chinese population–based AIS patients compared with healthy controls. The combination of 3 circRNAs resulted in an area under the curve of 0.875, corresponding to a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 71.5% in AIS diagnosis. Furthermore, the combination of change rate in 3 circRNAs within the first 7 days of treatment showed an area under the curve of 0.960 in predicting stroke outcome. There was significant increase in lymphocytes and granulocytes for circPDS5B (circular RNA PDS5B) and only in granulocytes for circCDC14A (circular RNA CDC14A) in AIS patients compared with healthy controls.

Conclusions—

Three circRNAs could serve as biomarkers for AIS diagnosis and prediction of stroke outcomes. The elevated levels of circPDS5B and circCDC14A after stroke might be because of increased levels in lymphocytes and granulocytes.
Trade and Uncertainty
Authors: Novy Dennis , Taylor Alan M.
Published: November 2019

We offer a new explanation as to why international trade is so volatile in response to economic shocks. Our approach combines the idea of uncertainty shocks with international trade. Firms order inputs from home and foreign suppliers. In response to an uncertainty shock firms disproportionately cut orders of foreign inputs due to higher fixed costs. In the aggregate, this leads to a bigger contraction in international trade flows than in domestic activity, a magnification effect. We confront the model with newly compiled US import and industrial production data. Our results help to explain the Great Trade Collapse of 2008–2009.
Metaphysics, Elemental Transformation, Medicine
Authors: Bertolacci Amos
Published: November 2019

The present article brings to the scholarly attention the Avicennian manuscript San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid), Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, 621, by conveying a basic description of its codicological features and by locating it in the wider context of the connection metaphysics-medicine that the transmission of Avicenna’s magnum opus Kitāb al-Šifāʾ (Book of the Cure/Healing) displays. The manuscript at stake is the only extant, though incomplete, codex of the Ilāhiyyāt (Science of Divine Things) of Avicenna’s Šifāʾ presently known in the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), and one of the few codices of the Šifāʾ housed there. In its present state, it cumulates metaphysics and medicine, since it joins some excerpts of the Ilāhiyyāt with fragments of the commentaries on Avicenna’s Al-Qānūn fī l-ṭibb (Canon of Medicine) by Ibn al-Nafīs al-Qurašī (d. 687 H/1288) and by Quṭb al-Dīn al-Šīrāzī (634–719 H/1236–1311). The part of the commentary on Avicenna’s Canon by Ibn al-Nafīs al-Qurašī preserved in this manuscript contains a revealing critical quotation of a medical tenet which Avicenna discusses in the Šifāʾ; this criticism very likely represents an instance of the ‘rectification’ of Avicenna’s philosophical encyclopedia of which Ibn al-Nafīs is credited in historical sources. The example of the revision of Avicenna’s philosophy by Ibn al-Nafīs analyzed on the basis of this manuscript makes clear that physicians in the XIII century did not limit their familiarity with Avicenna’s works to the Canon of Medicine and the other medical works of Avicenna, but adopted some kind of all-encompassing approach to Avicenna’s oeuvre, which did not eschewed tackling critically also the Šifāʾ on the basis of a profound and extensive knowledge of the Šayḫ al-raʾīs’s philosophical masterpiece.
Two new species of Tetrathylacium (Salicaceae) from Ecuador

Authors: SANTAMARÍA-AGUILAR DANIEL , LIESNER RONALD L. , MONRO ALEXANDRE K.
Published: November 2019

Two new species from Pastaza Province Ecuador, Tetrathylacium longirachis and T. sarayakuorum are described and illustrated, one species name previously placed in synonymy, T. nutans is recognized as a distinct species and illustrated. In doing so we increase the number of accepted species in the genus from two to five and identify the Pastaza region in Ecuador as an area of exceptional species richness for Tetrathylacium. We also lectotypify the generotype, T. macrophyllum and neotipify T. nutans. In addition, we provide a key for the identification of the species.
Taxonomy and phylogenetic position of Phragmidium altaicum, a newly described rust fungus on Rosa, based on molecular and morphological data

Authors: LIU YUN , ONO YOSHITAKA , KAKISHIMA MAKOTO , GAFFOROV YUSUFJON , LIANG YING-MEI
Published: November 2019

Phragmidium altaicum, a new causal fungus of a rose rust disease, is described and illustrated. The species, collected in Xinjiang Province, northwestern China, is well distinguished by its morphology and rDNA LSU and ITS sequences from the other Phragmidium species on Rosa. The new rust species is characterized primarily by 4–7-celled teliospores, bearing robust verrucae on the surface, aeciospore-surface structure of ‘Echinulate type 4,’ and urediniospore surface completely covered with echinulae with inapparent mushroom-shaped base. The sequence analysis showed that this species is closely allied to P. tuberculatum, but they differ in their morphological characteristics.
Contributions to the knowledge of Torrenticolid water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) in Doupengshan, China
Authors: GU XINYAO , JIN DAOCHAO , YI TIANCI , GUO JIANJUN
Published: November 2019

Six species of Torrenticolidae Piersig, 1902 (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from Doupengshan are presented, including four species of the genus Torrenticola Piersig, 1896 (T. trigona Gu & Guo, sp. nov., T. siamis Pešić & Smit, 2009, T. tenuichelicera Gu & Guo, 2018 and T. tetraporella Cook, 1967), and two species of the genus Monatractides K. Viets, 1926 (M. hamatapodemus Gu & Guo, sp. nov. and M. oxystoma (Viets, 1935)), of which T. siamis is recorded for the Chinese fauna for the first time. Detailed descriptions for the new and newly recorded species and a key to all species of Torrenticolidae so far known from China are provided. Furthermore, the first description is given for the female of T. tenuichelicera.
A new species of Neoscelis Schoch from Mexico (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Goliathini) with new distributional records for the genus
Authors: GARCÍA-MORALES LECCINUM JESÚS , RAMÍREZ-PONCE ANDRÉS , CUROE DANIEL J. , GARCÍA-JIMÉNEZ JESUS
Published: November 2019

Neoscelis hexakrotes new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Goliathini) is described from Guerrero, Mexico. Keys to identify male and female Neoscelis Schoch species and new distribution records for Neoscelis dohrni (Westwood) are provided.
A new Pseudopyrochroa Pic, 1906 from Yunnan, China with a key to adult
Pseudopyrochroa males from the Province and correction on type repository for Frontodendroidopsis pennyi Young (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae)
Authors: YOUNG DANIEL K.
Published: November 2019

A new species of the fire-colored beetle genus Pseudopyrochroa Pic, 1906, is described from northwestern Yunnan Province, China. The new species, Pseudopyrochroa grzymalae, is superficially similar to P. cardoni (Fairmaire), known from Kashmir and Sikkim. A complete species diagnosis is presented along with a key to adult males of the five known Yunnan Pseudopyrochroa species. The repository for the holotype of Frontodendroidopsis pennyi Young is corrected from the California Academy of Sciences to the Institute of Zoology, Bejing.
Discovery of the transantarctic distribution of the genus Metanteon Olmi (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), with description of a new species from New Caledonia
Authors: SPERANZA STEFANO , OLMI MASSIMO , GUGLIELMINO ADALGISA , CAPRADOSSI LEONARDO , CONTARINI MARIO
Published: November 2019

Metanteon poirieri sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae: Anteoninae) is described from New Caledonia. The genus Metanteon Olmi, 1984, was known only from the southern region of Argentina and Chile. The unique species attributed previously to this genus is M. aerias (Walker, 1839), collected in Chile by Charles Darwin during his famous trip on the HMS Beagle. M. aerias is associated only with leafhoppers feeding on Southern Beeches (Nothofagus spp.), a genus of Nothofagaceae including species of trees and shrubs native to the southern Hemisphere in southern South America (Argentina, Chile) and Australasia (east and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and New Caledonia). Like Nothofagus, Metanteon is a transantarctic organism.
The Amalgamative Sharp Wireless Sensor Networks Routing and with Enhanced Machine Learning
Authors: Ramisetty Sowjanya , Kavita  , Varma Sahil
Published: November 2019

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are most prominent domain in present networking world. Sensors are the devices used to sense the information transfer, routing, processing time, energy calculation and also to know the physical and environmental conditions. Many researchers worked on WSN
to improve the performance of the sensors. Various algorithms are discussed about routing in WSN, information transfer and many sub domains. Machine Learning is used to control the process without any human interaction. In this paper, the amalgamative sharp WSN algorithm is introduced to show
the performance based on information transfer, routing, processing time, and energy calculation. For the better results the ML algorithms are adopted with proposed algorithm. Results show the performance of the ASWSN algorithm.
Road Accident Data Analysis: Data Preprocessing for Better Model Building
Authors: Seid Salahadin , Pooja
Published: November 2019

In this study we focused on the relationship between preprocessing and model accuracy. The performance of the Machine learning techniques depends on the quality of the data set. Preprocessing is not only advantageous but it is very necessary and a preliminary work in predicting model.
As a result, experiments discovered that preprocessed techniques increased performance for model building. To see the performance preprocessing support vector machine is applied before preprocessing and after preprocessing. Its model accuracy increased from 68.7% to 88.5%.
Examining the Short Channel Characteristic and Performance of Triple Material Double Gate Silicon-on-Nothing Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors with Grading Channel Concentration
Authors: Kumar Ningombam Ajit , Singh Aheibam Dinamani , Singh Nameirakpam Basanta
Published: November 2019

A 2D surface potential analytical model of a channel with graded channel triple material double gate (GCTMDG) Silicon-on-Nothing (SON) MOSFET is proposed by intermixing the benefits of triple material in gate engineering and graded doping in the channel. The surface potential distribution
function of the GCTMDG SON MOSFET is obtained by solving the Poisson's equation, applying suitable boundary conditions, and using a parabolic approximation method. It is seen in the proposed device that the Short Channel Effects (SCEs) are subdued due to the apprehensible step in the surface
potential profile that screen the potential of the drain. The effects of the various device parameters are studied to check the merit of the device. For the validation of the proposed device, it is compared with the simulated results of ATLASTM, a device simulator from SILVACO.
Application of Fiber Bragg Grating Technology in Spacecraft Structural Fault Detection
Authors: Zheng Xingyu
Published: November 2019

With the prolongation of the service life of spacecraft, the structural failure of spacecraft caused by air resistance and aging poses a direct threat to the safe operation of spacecraft. The structural failure of aircraft is concerned by many researchers. Among them, the fiber Bragg
grating (FBG) sensor has become a hotspot of aircraft structural fault research because of its good performance. Facing the difficulties of structural fault location of traditional spacecraft, slow data updating speed and poor transplant ability of positioning device, a structural fault angle
measurement model based on FBG strain flower is constructed by combining FBG sensor with the principle of right-angle strain flower. On the problem of determining the main strain orientation, two groups of FBG strain rosette locations are selected to determine, and different groups of locations
are cross-solved to obtain the original coordinates of impact. At the same time, aiming at the structural problems of four simple thin plates in the aircraft, a method of judging the structural load based on the disturbance trend is proposed. In the process of experiment, it is necessary to
test the positioning accuracy of the structure obtained by the sensor and the size error of the load. In order to better simulate the real scene, a simulation platform of aircraft structure impact is built. During the testing process, it is found that the sensor detection platform proposed
in this study can locate structural faults within 2.8 cm. The average time required for location judgment is about 1.7 ms, and the error of structural impact force is about 2.86 N. Through this study, a new detection method for structural fault detection of spacecraft is proposed, which can
better ensure the safety of spacecraft.
Application and Performance Analysis of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery in Photoelectric Complementary System
Authors: Liu Weiping , Zhang Ximing , Wang Zhaofeng , Wang Ruijian , Chen Chen
Published: November 2019

In order to make the device better capable of power supply, it is necessary to select a corresponding battery, and the lithium iron phosphate battery is favored for its excellent performance. In this study, the requirements of the lithium iron phosphate battery for optoelectronic complementary
power supply system were analyzed at first, then the application of the battery in the supply system was further analyzed. Next, the structure and working principle of the battery were deeply studied, and a large number of experiments were designed to analyze the performance of the battery.
It has been confirmed by a large number of experiments that the charging process of lithium iron phosphate battery is slow; the remaining capacity of lithium iron phosphate battery has a correlation with the voltage it carries. During the charging process, the internal resistance of the lithium
iron phosphate battery will rapidly drop to a stable value, and the conversion of constant current charging to constant voltage charging will further reduce the internal resistance. Adjusting the battery temperature can adjust the internal capacity of the battery, that is, increasing the temperature
can promote the expansion of the battery capacity to a certain extent, and lowering the temperature can impair the overall performance of the battery. In the battery AC (alternating current) impedance spectrum test, the impedance of the battery was affected by factors such as inductance, lithium
ion diffusion, and internal polarization of the battery. Through the above research, the power consumption of lithium iron phosphate battery can be better understood to make better use of solar energy and provide people with stable green energy.
Mechanical Properties of Nano-Crystalline Glaze for Wall Tiles Prepared by Controlling TiO2 Nucleating Agents
Authors: Rho Yoorim , Kang Seunggu , Kim Jinho , Kim Kangduk
Published: November 2019

In this paper, TiO2 is substituted as a nucleating agent in opaque glaze to produce nano-crystalline glaze with high hardness. The crystallization mechanism of glaze was calculated by non-isothermal thermal analysis by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and the glaze was
heat treated at the crystallization temperature (Tp). In the case of glaze (88G20T), in which TiO2 was substituted by 20 wt% showed surface crystallization behaviors because the Avrami constant (n) was 1.18 and the activation energy (E) values were
747.0 kJ/mol at the crystallization temperature (Tp2). The microstructure of the glazes without heat-treatment showed that phase separation transferred from spinodal to nucleation-growth as TiO2 substitution increased. The size of droplets was nano-sized,
below 100 nm. The glazes heated at the crystallization temperature (Tp) and crystal size of several hundred nm to several μm was observed. The surface hardness of the crystalline glaze showed a high hardness of 6.74 GPa and the degree of crystallization was 47.5%
at 80G20T after heat treatment at Tp2 (1207 °C).
A Fundamental Study of a Surface Modification on Silicon Wafer Using Direct Laser Interference Patterning with 355-nm UV Laser
Authors: You Dong-Bin , Park Jun-Han , Kang Bo-Seok , Yun Dan-Hee , Shin Bo Sung
Published: November 2019

The growing need for precision machining, which is difficult to achieve using conventional mechanical machining techniques, has fueled interest in laser patterning. Ultraviolet (UV) pulsed-lasers have been used in various applications, including the micro machining of polymers and metals.
In this study, we investigated direct laser interference patterning of a silicon waver using a third-harmonic diode-pumped solid-state UV laser with a wavelength of 355 nm. Direct laser lithography is much more simple process compare to other submicro processing method. We have studied interference
patterning for silicon wafers as a basic research for direct laser interference patterning on wafer surfaces without mask. And Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed for a 150° biprism using modeling software (COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4) to determine changes in the periodic patterns
according to the focusing distance in the direct interference lithography experiment. In further study, we expect this technique to be applied to direct laser interference lithography on metals.
Improved Light Extraction Efficiency of Light-Emitting Diode Grown on Nanoscale-Silicon-Dioxide-Patterned Sapphire Substrate
Authors: Sung Young Hoon , Park Jaemin , Choi Eun-Seo , Lee Hee Chul , Lee Heon
Published: November 2019

A conical-shaped Si dioxide nano-pattern was employed to sapphire substrate in order to improve the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting diodes. The conical-shaped Si dioxide nano-patterns were fabricated on a 2-inch sapphire wafer using direct imprinting of hydrogen silsesquioxane
material. A blue-LED structure was grown on conical-shaped silicon-dioxide nano-patterned sapphire substrates. Photoluminescence and electroluminescence measurements were used to confirm the effectiveness of the nanoscale Si oxide patterned sapphire. An improvement in the luminescence efficiency
was observed when nanoscale Si oxide patterned sapphire substrate was used. 1.5 times higher PL intensity and 1.6 times higher EL intensity were observed for GaN LED structure grown on nanoscale Si oxide patterned sapphire, compared to LED structure grown on conventional flat sapphire wafer.
Comparison of Statistical and Dynamic Downscaling Techniques in Generating High-Resolution Temperatures in China from CMIP5 GCMs
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xu YinLong , Meng ChunChun , Li XinHua , Liu Huan , Wang ChangGui
Published: November 2019

In aiming for better access to climate change information and for providing climate service, it is important to obtain reliable high-resolution temperature simulations. Systematic comparisons are still deficient between statistical and dynamic downscaling techniques because of their inherent unavoidable uncertainties. In this paper, 20 global climate models (GCMs) and one regional climate model [Providing Regional Climates to Impact Studies (PRECIS)] are employed to evaluate their capabilities in reproducing average trends of mean temperature (Tm), maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), diurnal temperature range (DTR), and extreme events represented by frost days (FD) and heat-wave days (HD) across China. It is shown generally that bias of temperatures from GCMs relative to observations is over ±1°C across more than one-half of mainland China. PRECIS demonstrates better representation of temperatures (except for HD) relative to GCMs. There is relatively better performance in Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan, south Yangzi River, and South China, whereas estimation is not as good in Xinjiang, the eastern part of northwest China, and the Tibetan Plateau. Bias-correction spatial disaggregation is used to downscale GCMs outputs, and bias correction is applied for PRECIS outputs, which demonstrate better improvement to a bias within ±0.2°C for Tm, Tmax, Tmin, and DTR and ±2 days for FD and HD. Furthermore, such improvement is also verified by the evidence of increased spatial correlation coefficient and symmetrical uncertainty, decreased root-mean-square error, and lower standard deviation for reproductions. It is seen from comprehensive ranking metrics that different downscaled models show the most improvement across different climatic regions, implying that optional ensembles of models should be adopted to provide sufficient high-quality climate information.
Impact of Multidecadal Variability in Atlantic SST on Winter Atmospheric Blocking
Authors: Kwon Young-Oh , Seo Hyodae , Ummenhofer Caroline C. , Joyce Terrence M.
Published: November 2019

Recent studies have suggested that coherent multidecadal variability exists between North Atlantic atmospheric blocking frequency and the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV). However, the role of AMV in modulating blocking variability on multidecadal times scales is not fully understood. This study examines this issue primarily using the NOAA Twentieth Century Reanalysis for 1901–2010. The second mode of the empirical orthogonal function for winter (December–March) atmospheric blocking variability in the North Atlantic exhibits oppositely signed anomalies of blocking frequency over Greenland and the Azores. Furthermore, its principal component time series shows a dominant multidecadal variability lagging AMV by several years. Composite analyses show that this lag is due to the slow evolution of the AMV sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, which is likely driven by the ocean circulation. Following the warm phase of AMV, the warm SST anomalies emerge in the western subpolar gyre over 3–7 years. The ocean–atmosphere interaction over these 3–7-yr periods is characterized by the damping of the warm SST anomalies by the surface heat flux anomalies, which in turn reduce the overall meridional gradient of the air temperature and thus weaken the meridional transient eddy heat flux in the lower troposphere. The anomalous transient eddy forcing then shifts the eddy-driven jet equatorward, resulting in enhanced Rossby wave breaking and blocking on the northern flank of the jet over Greenland. The opposite is true with the AMV cold phases but with much shorter lags, as the evolution of SST anomalies differs in the warm and cold phases.
Prevalence of Romantic Experiences and Competencies Among 14 to 17 Year Olds: Implications for the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Beckmeyer Jonathon J. , Herbenick Debby , Fu Tsung-Chieh (Jane) , Dodge Brian , Fortenberry J. Dennis
Published: November 2019

Using data from 600 adolescents (14-17 years old) from the 2015 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, we examined the prevalence and demographic correlates of adolescents’ romantic activities (ie, group dating, dyadic dating, and relationship involvement) and their confidence in avoiding unwanted romantic experiences. Overall, 55.8% of adolescents had engaged in at least one romantic activity. More adolescents reported having gone on dyadic (42.1%) and group (37.3%) dates than had been involved in romantic relationships (32.9%). Age and gender were the most consistent correlates of each romantic activity. Each type of romantic activity becomes more common as adolescents mature. Female adolescents were less likely to report romantic activities. Approximately 25.7% of adolescents were not confident that they could turn down unwanted dates, and 34.3% were not confident that they could end a relationship they no longer wanted to be in. Clinicians can draw on our results when discussing romantic development with their adolescent patients.
Una borghese piccola piccola: Ragazze milanesi in Giorgio Scerbanenco ed Elio Pagliarani
Authors: Santini Federica
Published: November 2019

The project consists of a study of selected works by two authors who have not been connected or compared before, experimental poet Elio Pagliarani and noir writer Giorgio Scerbanenco. Specifically, the study explores several coinciding representations of lower-middle class women in Pagliarani’s poem La ragazza Carla and Scerbanenco’s collection of short stories Milano Calibro 9. Through references to existing scholarship on each author and analytical readings of the texts, the study aims to demonstrate how the two writers, who were active at the same time in Milan, showed much attention to class and gender issues in their work, and thus obtained similar results through very different stylistic approaches. In addition, the study explores the underlying reasons for which Pagliarani and Scerbanenco chose to focus on realistic representations of Milanese women within their distinct narrative scopes. Finally, the article has the secondary goal of breaking the canon by focusing on two genres, experimental poetry and popular literature, which are rarely if ever considered together.
Real-time decoding of automatic dependent surveillance – Broadcast signals by using software-defined radio and MATLAB®
Authors: Poveda Héctor , Ferré Guillaume , Tajan Romain
Published: November 2019

In telecommunications engineering degrees, simulations are used to understand better theoretical concepts. However, in courses related to digital communications or signal processing usually these simulations cannot be easily applied to real data or in real scenarios. This limitation does not allow the students to verify that the learned theoretical hypotheses are valid in practice. Nowadays, software defined radio platforms have been proposed to validate theoretical telecommunications concepts in real situations. Therefore, by combining a software defined radio and simulation tools, students can implement the learned notions over real data in real scenarios. This allows students to work under real applications in order to learn by experience and to see that the theoretical concepts are valid in the real world. This paper presents a project involving real-time decoding of automatic dependent surveillance–broadcast (ADS-B) signals, implemented by using a universal software radio peripheral software defined radio and MATLAB®. The universal software radio peripheral allows to receive real automatic dependent surveillance–broadcast signals sent by the aircraft. Then, by using MATLAB® tools, the automatic dependent surveillance–broadcast baseband signals are decoded. The students are guided through a manual to demodulate the real automatic dependent surveillance–broadcast signals and display in a map the aircraft trajectories. The evaluation is based on a competition between the students, considering execution time of their algorithms, and a final report of the project. This project allows to obtain a game-oriented and novel approach for teaching digital communications and signal processing. The implementation of this project in telecommunications engineering courses motivate the students, allowing them to understand better difficult theoretical concepts, and improve their computer, teamwork, and collaboration skills. The originality of the approach is based on the usage of a prototyping platform, combined with simulation tools, for practical application of telecommunications engineering concepts using real signals.
Where Are We in the Global Poverty Measurement? The Human Minimum Model as a Veritable Option
Authors: Chimakonam Jonathan O.
Published: November 2019

A dominant conception of poverty among many researchers is that it is a form of deprivation. There is, however, more focus on the idea of poverty as physical deprivation than there is on psychological deprivation. I argue that poverty is as much a psychological deprivation as it is a physical deprivation and propose a new index that explicitly takes the psychological into account in poverty measurement. I show that most extant literature tends to focus more on physical deprivations which poverty causes. I discuss some poverty indices which are employed to measure levels of poverty and highlight their inadequacy. Employing the conversational method, I tap into Odera Oruka’s ideas to offer the Human Minimum Measure (HMM) as a model that might also be desirable if the reality of psychological deprivation is taken seriously.
Electrospinning of continuous nanofiber hollow yarns for thermal storage and insulation by a multi-step twisting method
Authors: Chen Weiwang , Fu Ming , Weng Wenguo
Published: November 2019

In this study, phase change nanofiber hollow yarns were designed. The hollow yarn structure is proposed due to its ability to provide insulation for fabrics, while the phase change material is added due to its capacity to store thermal energy. These yarns are developed by utilizing the classical covering–dissolving strategy, which uses a modified multi-step twisting method. The effects of twisting and winding speed on the yarn morphology, structure, mechanical and heat storage properties are discussed. It is observed that the ultrafine fibers for yarn fabrication are about 100–400 nm in diameter. Their yarn products then undergo obvious shape deformation in the process of hollowing, resulting in a nanofiber hollow yarn with yarn diameter of around 250 µm. To obtain target yarns with desirable structure and strength, the recommended twisting and winding speed should be within 200–260 rpm and 1.2–1.6 rpm, respectively. Their tensile strength and elongation at break under these conditions are tested to be about 30–40 MPa and 20%, respectively, which is acceptable for further weaving. As for the heat storage capacity, it is somewhat weakened but still considerable (20–30 kJ·kg–1) within the temperature range of 30–40℃. By coupling air and phase change materials together, the resultant nanofiber hollow yarns and their fabric products proved to have better heat storage and insulation performance, and may have broad prospects for thermal regulation.