bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interannual Variability in Dry Mixed-Grass Prairie Yield: A Comparison of MODIS, SPOT, and Field Measurements
Authors: Wehlage Donald , Gamon John , Thayer Donnette , Hildebrand David
Published: October 2016

Remote sensing is often used to assess rangeland condition and biophysical parameters across large areas. In particular, the relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and above-ground biomass can be used to assess rangeland primary productivity (seasonal carbon gain or above-ground biomass “yield”). We evaluated the NDVI–yield relationship for a southern Alberta prairie rangeland, using seasonal trends in NDVI and biomass during the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons, two years with contrasting rainfall regimes. The study compared harvested biomass and NDVI from field spectrometry to NDVI from three satellite platforms: the Aqua and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Système Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT 4 and 5). Correlations between ground spectrometry and harvested biomass were also examined for each growing season. The contrasting precipitation patterns were easily captured with satellite NDVI, field NDVI and green biomass measurements. NDVI provided a proxy measure for green plant biomass, and was linearly related to the log of standing green biomass. NDVI phenology clearly detected the green biomass increase at the beginning of each growing season and the subsequent decrease in green biomass at the end of each growing season due to senescence. NDVI–biomass regressions evolved over each growing season due to end-of-season senescence and carryover of dead biomass to the following year. Consequently, mid-summer measurements yielded the strongest correlation (R2 = 0.97) between NDVI and green biomass, particularly when the data were spatially aggregated to better match the satellite sampling scale. Of the three satellite platforms (MODIS Aqua, MODIS Terra, and SPOT), Terra yielded the best agreement with ground-measured NDVI, and SPOT yielded the weakest relationship. When used properly, NDVI from satellite remote sensing can accurately estimate peak-season productivity and detect interannual variation in standing green biomass, and field spectrometry can provide useful validation for satellite data in a biomass monitoring program in this prairie ecosystem. Together, these methods can be used to identify the effects of year-to-year precipitation variability on above-ground biomass in a dry mixed-grass prairie. These findings have clear applications in monitoring yield and productivity, and could be used to support a rangeland carbon monitoring program.
Integration of Aerial Thermal Imagery, LiDAR Data and Ground Surveys for Surface Temperature Mapping in Urban Environments
Authors: Mandanici Emanuele , Conte Paolo , Girelli Valentina
Published: October 2016

A single-band surface temperature retrieval method is proposed, aiming at achieving a better accuracy by exploiting the integration of aerial thermal images with LiDAR data and ground surveys. LiDAR data allow the generation of a high resolution digital surface model and a detailed modeling of the Sky-View Factor (SVF). Ground surveys of surface temperature and emissivity, instead, are used to estimate the atmospheric parameters involved in the model (through a bounded least square adjustment) and for a first assessment of the accuracy of the results. The RMS of the difference between the surface temperatures computed from the model and measured on the check sites ranges between 0.8 °C and 1.0 °C, depending on the algorithm used to calculate the SVF. Results are in general better than the ones obtained without considering SVF and prove the effectiveness of the integration of different data sources. The proposed approach has the advantage of avoiding the modeling of the atmosphere conditions, which is often difficult to achieve with the desired accuracy; on the other hand, it is highly dependent on the accuracy of the data measured on the ground.
Optical Fiber Temperature and Torsion Sensor Based on Lyot-Sagnac Interferometer
Authors: Shao Li-Yang , Zhang Xinpu , He Haijun , Zhang Zhiyong , Zou Xihua , Luo Bin , Pan Wei , Yan Lianshan
Published: October 2016

An optical fiber temperature and torsion sensor has been proposed by employing the Lyot-Sagnac interferometer, which was composed by inserting two sections of high-birefringence (HiBi) fiber into the Sagnac loop. The two inserted sections of HiBi fiber have different functions; while one section acts as the temperature sensitive region, the other can be used as reference fiber. The temperature and twist sensor based on the proposed interferometer structure have been experimentally demonstrated. The experimental results show that the envelope of the output spectrum will shift with the temperature evolution. The temperature sensitivity is calculated to be −17.99 nm/°C, which is enlarged over 12 times compared to that of the single Sagnac interferometer. Additionally, the fringe visibility of the spectrum will change due to the fiber twist, and the test results reveal that the fringe visibility and twist angle perfectly conform to a Sine relationship over a 360° twist angle. Consequently, simultaneous torsion and temperature measurement could be realized by detecting the envelope shift and fringe visibility of the spectrum.
A Mapping of Marine Biodiversity Research Trends and Collaboration in the East Asia Region from 1996–2015
Authors: Kim Jungjoon , Lee Sangpil , Shim We , Kang Jongseok
Published: October 2016

Many countries define policies to manage oceans and coastal areas in order to utilize marine ecosystems strategically. When we reviewed the strategies and policies of various countries in relation to ocean sustainability, we found that biodiversity preservation is a key issue for policies related to sustainable marine development. We investigated the research trends and collaboration status of China, Japan and South Korea regarding marine biodiversity through the analysis of scientific articles using bibliometric analysis. The results showed that Japan collaborated the most with other countries compared to China and South Korea. All three countries collaborated with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries frequently. South Korea showed the strongest inter-collaboration amongst China, Japan and South Korea. Microorganism research is a common research topic in China, Japan and South Korea. Each country demonstrated its own prominent research area, such as local region research in China, deep-sea research in Japan and aquaculture research in South Korea.
A Comprehensive View of the Structural and Functional Alterations of Extracellular Matrix by Snake Venom Metalloproteinases (SVMPs): Novel Perspectives on the Pathophysiology of Envenoming
Authors: Gutiérrez José , Escalante Teresa , Rucavado Alexandra , Herrera Cristina , Fox Jay
Published: October 2016

Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) affect the extracellular matrix (ECM) in multiple and complex ways. Previously, the combination of various methodological platforms, including electron microscopy, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot, has allowed a partial understanding of such complex pathology. In recent years, the proteomics analysis of exudates collected in the vicinity of tissues affected by SVMPs has provided novel and exciting information on SVMP-induced ECM alterations. The presence of fragments of an array of ECM proteins, including those of the basement membrane, has revealed a complex pathological scenario caused by the direct action of SVMPs. In addition, the time-course analysis of these changes has underscored that degradation of some fibrillar collagens is likely to depend on the action of endogenous proteinases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), synthesized as a consequence of the inflammatory process. The action of SVMPs on the ECM also results in the release of ECM-derived biologically-active peptides that exert diverse actions in the tissue, some of which might be associated with reparative events or with further tissue damage. The study of the effects of SVMP on the ECM is an open field of research which may bring a renewed understanding of snake venom-induced pathology.
Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Application of Toxin–Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Lee Ki-Young , Lee Bong-Jin
Published: October 2016

Bacterial toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems have received increasing attention for their diverse identities, structures, and functional implications in cell cycle arrest and survival against environmental stresses such as nutrient deficiency, antibiotic treatments, and immune system attacks. In this review, we describe the biological functions and the auto-regulatory mechanisms of six different types of TA systems, among which the type II TA system has been most extensively studied. The functions of type II toxins include mRNA/tRNA cleavage, gyrase/ribosome poison, and protein phosphorylation, which can be neutralized by their cognate antitoxins. We mainly explore the similar but divergent structures of type II TA proteins from 12 important pathogenic bacteria, including various aspects of protein–protein interactions. Accumulating knowledge about the structure–function correlation of TA systems from pathogenic bacteria has facilitated a novel strategy to develop antibiotic drugs that target specific pathogens. These molecules could increase the intrinsic activity of the toxin by artificially interfering with the intermolecular network of the TA systems.
In Vitro and In Vivo Models for the Study of Human Polyomavirus Infection
Authors: Barth Heidi , Solis Morgane , Kack-Kack Wallys , Soulier Eric , Velay Aurélie , Fafi-Kremer Samira
Published: October 2016

Developments of genome amplification techniques have rapidly expanded the family of human polyomaviruses (PyV). Following infection early in life, PyV persist in their hosts and are generally of no clinical consequence. High-level replication of PyV can occur in patients under immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapy and causes severe clinical entities, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, polyomavirus-associated nephropathy or Merkel cell carcinoma. The characterization of known and newly-discovered human PyV, their relationship to human health, and the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis remain to be elucidated. Here, we summarize the most widely-used in vitro and in vivo models to study the PyV-host interaction, pathogenesis and anti-viral drug screening. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the different models and the lessons learned.
Estimating Water Footprints of Vegetable Crops: Influence of Growing Season, Solar Radiation Data and Functional Unit
Authors: Roux Betsie , Van der Laan Michael , Vahrmeijer Teunis , Annandale John , Bristow Keith
Published: October 2016

Water footprint (WF) accounting as proposed by the Water Footprint Network (WFN) can potentially provide important information for water resource management, especially in water scarce countries relying on irrigation to help meet their food requirements. However, calculating accurate WFs of short-season vegetable crops such as carrots, cabbage, beetroot, broccoli and lettuce presented some challenges. Planting dates and inter-annual weather conditions impact WF results. Joining weather datasets of just rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature with ones that include solar radiation and wind-speed affected crop model estimates and WF results. The functional unit selected can also have a major impact on results. For example, WFs according to the WFN approach do not account for crop residues used for other purposes, like composting and animal feed. Using yields in dry matter rather than fresh mass also impacts WF metrics, making comparisons difficult. To overcome this, using the nutritional value of crops as a functional unit can connect water use more directly to potential benefits derived from different crops and allow more straightforward comparisons. Grey WFs based on nitrogen only disregards water pollution caused by phosphates, pesticides and salinization. Poor understanding of the fate of nitrogen complicates estimation of nitrogen loads into the aquifer.
Soil Water Storage Changes within Deep Profiles under Introduced Shrubs during the Growing Season: Evidence from Semiarid Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Liu Yuanxin , Zhao Wenwu , Zhang Xiao , Fang Xuening
Published: October 2016

Water stored deep in the soil profile is the primary bio-available reservoir for regional vegetation in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. However, the planting of introduced shrubs over many years as part of the “Grain to Green Program (GGP)” has consistently lead to dried soil in areas with severe water scarcity. Knowledge of soil water storage (SWS) changes within deep profiles in water-deficient regions is critical for the sustainable development of vegetation restoration. Caragana korshinskii K. (CK) and Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HR) are widely planted in the Loess Plateau to control soil erosion. We selected these two shrubs for a study on variations in deep soil water (100–500 cm) and identified the main factors affecting deep soil water storage replenishment (SWSR) during their growing seasons. The results indicated that the mean SWS at 100–500 cm depth under HR was significantly higher than that under CK at both the beginning (352.74 mm for CK and 644.79 mm for HR) and end of the growing season (311.95 mm for CK and 529.05 mm for HR) (p < 0.01). In these ecosystems, SWS was only recharged below 340 cm under CK, which was due to vegetation characteristics. Under HR, however, soil water consumption exceeded recharge throughout the whole 100–500 cm profile. The SWSR at the 100–340 cm depth was mainly affected by sand content, which explained 28% of the variability of SWSR. At the 340–500 cm depth, the variability in SWSR was due to vegetation type. Therefore, expansion of the GGP should pay more attention to both soil water conditions and influencing factors, including appropriate vegetation selection and the altering of the microtopography.
An effective one-pot access to polynuclear dispiroheterocyclic structures comprising pyrrolidinyloxindole and imidazothiazolotriazine moieties via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition strategy
Authors: Izmest’ev Alexei N , Gazieva Galina A , Sigay Natalya V , Serkov Sergei A , Karnoukhova Valentina A , Kachala Vadim V , Shashkov Alexander S , Zanin Igor E , Kravchenko Angelina N , Makhova Nina N
Published: October 2016

An effective and highly regio- and diastereoselective one-pot method for the synthesis of new polynuclear dispiroheterocyclic systems with five stereogenic centers (dispiro[imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazine-6,3′-pyrrolidine-2′,3′′-indoles]) comprising pyrrolidinyloxindole and imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazine moieties has been developed. The method relies on a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from isatin derivatives and sarcosine to 6-benzylideneimidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazine-2,7-diones.
Six newPhytophthoraspecies from ITS Clade 7a including two sexually functional heterothallic hybrid species detected in natural ecosystems in Taiwan
Authors: Jung T. , Jung M.H. , Scanu B. , Seress D. , Kovács G.M. , Maia C. , Pérez-Sierra A. , Chang T.-T. , Chandelier A. , Heungens K. , Van Poucke K. , Abad-Campos P. , Léon M. , Cacciola S.O. , Bakonyi J.
Published: October 2016

During a survey ofPhytophthoradiversity in natural ecosystems in Taiwan six new species were detected. Multigene phylogeny based on the nuclear ITS, ß-tubulin andHSP90and the mitochondrialcox1andNADH1gene sequences demonstrated that they belong to ITS Clade 7a withP. europaea,P. uniformis,P. rubiandP. cambivorabeing their closest relatives. All six new species differed from each other and from related species by a unique combination of morphological characters, the breeding system, cardinal temperatures and growth rates. Four homothallic species,P. attenuata,P. flexuosa,P. formosaandP. intricata, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of healthy forests ofFagus hayatae,Quercus glandulifera,Q. tarokoensis,Castanopsis carlesii,Chamaecyparis formosensisandAraucaria cunninghamii. Two heterothallic species,P.xheterohybridaandP.xincrassata, were exclusively detected in three forest streams. AllP.xincrassataisolates belonged to the A2 mating type while isolates ofP.xheterohybridarepresented both mating types with oospore abortion rates according to Mendelian ratios (4–33 %). Multiple heterozygous positions in their ITS, ß-tubulin andHSP90gene sequences indicate thatP.xheterohybrida,P.xincrassataandP. cambivoraare interspecific hybrids. Consequently,P. cambivorais redescribed asP.xcambivorawithout nomenclatural act. Pathogenicity trials on seedlings ofCastanea sativa,Fagus sylvaticaandQ. suberindicate that all six new species might pose a potential threat to European forests.
An RFID model for improving workers’ safety at the seaport in transitional environment
Authors: Bauk Sanja , Schmeink Anke , Colomer Joan
Published: October 2016

The paper proposes a Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) model for enhancing port workers’ safety with reference to the Port of Bar (Montenegro) as a developing seaport operating in a transitional environment. The paper also highlights the lack of appropriate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solutions in some developing seaports, including safety-related ones. It emphasizes the importance of safety measures through the prism of reducing the number of accidents, and gives a review of some RFID safety solutions in the harsh environments. The main part of the paper deals with the RFID worker’s safety model proposed according to the Port of Bar’s individual needs. The model has been presented at a logic level, while some of the physical and link layers performances between the set of an active and several passive RFID devices embedded to the port workers’ Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID readers located at the port perimeter, are simulated in Matlab and OMNeT++. The obtained results followed by discussions can be used as landmarks to the ports’ management in adapting this or a similar model for enhancing safety measures in the port and its promoting as a safety one at the maritime market.
THE PRE-PENUMBRAL MAGNETIC CANOPY IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE
Authors: MacTaggart David , Guglielmino Salvo L. , Zuccarello Francesca
Published: October 2016

Penumbrae are the manifestation of magnetoconvection in highly inclined (to the vertical direction) magnetic field. The penumbra of a sunspot tends to form, initially, along the arc of the umbra antipodal to the main region of flux emergence. The question of how highly inclined magnetic field can concentrate along the antipodal curves of umbrae, at least initially, remains to be answered. Previous observational studies have suggested the existence of some form of overlying magnetic canopy that acts as the progenitor for penumbrae. We propose that such overlying magnetic canopies are a consequence of how the magnetic field emerges into the atmosphere and are, therefore, part of the emerging region. We show, through simulations of twisted flux tube emergence, that canopies of highly inclined magnetic field form preferentially at the required locations above the photosphere.
Les théories économiques
Authors: L’Horty Yannick
Published: October 2016

La persistance du chômage est une question économique majeure qui a été à l’origine de décennies de travaux, en macroéconomie comme en microéconomie du travail. Cet article passe en revue l’ensemble des théories économiques du chômage qui se sont construites progressivement en réponse à la montée puis au maintien du chômage à des niveaux élevés, jusqu’aux évolutions les plus récentes dans le nouveau contexte de la crise. L’enjeu de ces théories est de définir le contenu de l’intervention publique permettant de lutter efficacement contre le chômage.
L’emploi face au changement technologique
Authors: Askenazy Philippe
Published: October 2016

L’impact du changement technologique sur l’emploi est au cœur de débats scientifiques renouvelés. Le questionnement porte fondamentalement sur la nature même du changement aujourd’hui. Est-il encore porteur de progrès et de croissance ? Se trouve-t-on à un moment de basculement signant la fin du travail ou a minima du salariat ? Condamne-t-il à une polarisation des emplois et à la disparation d’une classe moyenne ? Les réponses à ces questions essentielles sont loin d’être tranchées.
Rohingyas, réfugiés et apatrides
Authors: Bazin Judith
Published: October 2016

Minorité ethnique et religieuse, les Rohingyas subissent depuis l’indépendance de la Birmanie (Myanmar), de graves persécutions qui ont abouti à leur exclusion de la communauté nationale. Désignés comme « immigrés illégaux », errants et refoulés par les États voisins, aucune solution ne se dessine pour ces éternels réfugiés et apatrides qui n’en ont même pas le statut.
Quand la lutte des sans-papiers se met au numérique
Authors: Abdallah Mogniss H. , Fromentin Marc , Rivière Philippe , Saint-Saëns Isabelle , Spoladore Hélène
Published: October 2016

Dans les années 1990, le grand public découvre internet... et les sans-papiers. Au moment où ces étrangers en attente de régularisation en France occupent les églises de Saint-Ambroise et de Saint-Bernard, des informaticiens, militants de l’internet libre, développent des outils qui permettent d’accroître les mobilisations et facilitent la convergence des luttes.
Élever un bébé à hauteur d’homme
Authors: Ben Soussan Patrick
Published: October 2016

Les enfants sont une promesse, rapporte la Bible. Promesses d’avenir. Des cadeaux célestes. Que du bonheur. Mais bon, il faut le mériter ! Et quand ils sont là, il en faut du mérite pour les élever. D’aucuns pensent qu’il faut alors les corriger, les façonner, « mater leur nature » ; d’autres qu’il faut les comprendre, communiquer positivement avec eux et les laisser éclore, d’autres encore que la parentalité est l’art du bricolage... ou de la créativité. Pour élever bébé à hauteur d’homme, il faut lui apprendre à être heureux. Et apprendre, avant, à l’être soi-même. Élever un bébé à hauteur d’homme, c’est travailler à se rendre heureux.
Élever un bébé, « entre sourire et souci »
Authors: Delion Pierre
Published: October 2016

Comment accueillir l’enfant dans notre monde et développer son sentiment d’apparentement à l’humain ? Comment aider les parents à aider leurs enfants ? Quelles attitudes « adéquates sans plus » illustrent l’art et la manière d’élever les bébés ?
Trois conceptions philosophiques de l’enfance
Authors: Bachler Laurent
Published: October 2016

L’enfance n’est pas un objet de réflexion comme les autres pour les philosophes. En effet, la conception de l’enfance que proposent certains d’entre eux leur permet de définir et de cerner la nature même de la pensée philosophique. Socrate comparait la pensée à un nouveau-né dont il faut à la fois prendre soin et mettre à l’épreuve la viabilité. Descartes voulait que le doute inaugural de la philosophie soit une rupture décisive avec l’enfance. Et Nietzsche faisait de l’enfant la figure de l’esprit libre, capable de créer le monde et ses valeurs.
« Vraiment si... »
Authors: Végis Graziella
Published: October 2016

Est-ce vraiment si difficile d’élever les bébés ? La question renferme un postulat : il est difficile aujourd’hui d’élever les bébés. Postulat remis en question par « vraiment si », qui sous-entend que la tâche peut être rendue plus aisée. Le théâtre, cet art à la fois inutile et nécessaire, peut-il avoir la prétention de rendre la tâche plus aisée ? Le théâtre multiplie les rencontres et les partages d’expérience entre adultes et enfants. Il donne l’occasion de voir la vie autrement en entrant dans des histoires étrangères, en regardant le monde avec les yeux des autres. Il permet de s’inscrire dans une histoire collective. Y consacrer du temps, c’est faire acte de résistance à ce que nous impose le monde néolibéral, et c’est pouvoir se projeter dans l’avenir avec la vision d’une société meilleure, essentielle à tout acte d’éducation. Mais pour combien de temps encore ?
L’accompagnement d’équipes d’accueil de jeunes enfants : entre plaintes et satisfactions, comment garder le cap sur l’enfant ?
Authors: Sztark Véronique , Appell Jean-Robert
Published: October 2016

« On garde des vaches mais pas les enfants »..., ou comment une psychologue clinicienne accompagne les professionnels dans leur propre travail d’accompagnement des enfants dans leur quotidien. L’analyse des pratiques est au cœur de ce texte, qui nous parle aussi de soutien, d’écoute, de mouvements psychiques à l’œuvre. Comment l’attention active d’un accompagnant soutenu par un cadre précis et contenant permet l’émergence de la pensée et de l’élaboration chez les professionnels. Plaintes et satisfactions sont les aliments de cette réflexion, elles concernent tantôt les enfants, tantôt les parents mais aussi les collègues et le cadre institutionnel. Entre questionnements, reformulations et subtiles préconisations, la pratique s’analyse, se construit dans le temps.
Recette pour un accueil de qualité
Authors: Latuillière Marion
Published: October 2016

L’accueil du jeune enfant en milieu collectif est une sacrée tambouille. Vous en trouverez ici une recette – magique ? – pour que qualité, sécurité, autonomie, bien-traitance et créativité soient au rendez-vous.
Vers un accompagnement plus humain de la grossesse et de l’accouchement
Authors: Briex Michel
Published: October 2016

La venue au monde d’un bébé est dans la majorité des cas une situation normale et physiologique. Pourtant, malgré toutes les avancées médicales récentes, le cours d’une grossesse ou d’un accouchement peut dévier en un instant vers une situation non attendue ou menaçante pour le bébé comme pour sa maman. Quelle information donner ? Comment accompagner sereinement et dans la confiance en soi une grossesse normale, sans effrayer ou trop médicaliser ? Comment préparer à l’inattendu pour que, en cas de complication, le vécu et la prise en charge médicale ne laissent pas trop de rancœur, de ressentiment et de séquelles psychologiques ? Quelques pistes restent encore à approfondir.
Le quatrième trimestre de la grossesse
Authors: Prieur Régine
Published: October 2016

L’immaturité du bébé au premier trimestre est telle que l’on pourrait dire qu’il correspond au quatrième trimestre de la grossesse. Elle génère des besoins très intenses qui sont déstabilisants pour les parents dans notre société contemporaine. L’auteur essaie à travers son expérience clinique de partager et de comprendre pourquoi tant de difficultés, et quels sont les comportements dans ce moment développemental du bébé.
Migrants : violences policières quotidiennes
Authors: Suel Nan
Published: October 2016

Résumé Sur la banalisation de la brutalité policière
Points noirs sur fond rouge
Authors: Alexakis Dimitris
Published: October 2016

Résumé Qu’est-ce que veut dire émigrer ?
De la calle a las instituciones a través de las apps: consecuencias políticas de las prácticas digitales en el 15M
Authors: Romanos Eduardo , Sádaba Igor
Published: October 2016

Este artículo analiza las innovaciones democráticas provenientes del campo de los movimientos sociales y su relación con los partidos políticos a partir de un caso de estudio centrado en la participación de activistas del 15M en la creación y el desarrollo de nuevos partidos políticos en España. Nuestra intención es evaluar la aportación de los activistas a la transformación de la política formal y la profundización de la democracia a través del análisis del impacto de determinados grupos en la implementación de las demandas del movimiento en forma de mecanismos digitales de participación y deliberación en los nuevos partidos. En este sentido, el artículo explora el papel de los llamados ‘activistas tecnológicos’ como mediadores de la participación política y el repertorio digital de acción empleado por ellos. Las fuentes analizadas incluyen diversos documentos y páginas web, entrevistas a informantes clave y la observación participante de reuniones y asambleas.
How scientific is theology really? A matter of credibility
Authors: Beyers Jaco
Published: October 2016

The criteria for what is considered as science have been debated for a very long time. This article assumes the scientific nature of Theology as a given. This article discusses in three concentric circles the scientific nature of Theology and the type of contribution Theology can make. The first circle addresses the nature of science. This broader look at what is considered to be science sets the context for the ensuing discussion. Secondly, Theology as science is investigated. The criteria which make Theology an indispensable part of the scientific project is identified as the ability to collaborate with other sciences based on a shared interest in reality and creation. Further, Theology as science has the ability to contextualise the products of scientific efforts to be relevant not only to the faith community but to society at large. Theology as science requires a critical self-reflection which does not only include a self-understanding but also a self-renewal. The third concentric circle focusses on the scientific nature of Theology as practised at the Faculty of Theology at the University of Pretoria. The Faculty of Theology endeavours to produce life-giving Theology. To prove itself to be scientific Theology needs to act credible by contributing to the wellness of society.
Virtually compact special hyperbolic groups are conjugacy separable
Authors: Minasyan Ashot , Zalesskiĭ Pavel A.
Published: October 2016

We prove that any word hyperbolic group which is virtually compact special (in the sense of Haglund and Wise) is conjugacy separable. As a consequence we deduce that all word hyperbolic Coxeter groups and many classical small cancellation groups are conjugacy separable. To get the main result we establish a new criterion for showing that elements of prime order are conjugacy distinguished. This criterion is of independent interest; its proof is based on a combination of discrete and profinite (co)homology theories.
Dynamics on supersingular K3 surfaces
Authors: Schütt Matthias
Published: October 2016

For any odd characteristic

p\equiv 2

mod

3

, we exhibit an explicit automorphism on the supersingular K3 surface of Artin invariant one which does not lift to any characteristic zero model. Our construction builds on elliptic fibrations to produce a closed formula for the automorphism's characteristic polynomial on second cohomology, which turns out to be an irreducible Salem polynomial of degree 22 with coefficients varying with

p

.
Impact of spatial proxies on the representation of bottom-up
emission inventories: A satellite-based analysis
Authors: Geng Guannan , Zhang Qiang , Martin Randall , Lin Jintai , Huo Hong , Zheng Bo , Wang Siwen , He Kebin
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Spatial proxies used in bottom-up emission inventories to derive the spatial distributions of emissions are usually empirical and involve additional levels of uncertainty. Although uncertainties in current emission inventories have been discussed extensively, uncertainties resulting from improper spatial proxies have rarely been evaluated. In this work, we investigate the impact of spatial proxies on the representation of gridded emissions by comparing five gridded NOx emission datasets over China developed from the same magnitude of emissions and different spatial proxies. GEOS-Chem modeled tropospheric NO2 columns simulated from different gridded emission inventories are compared with satellite-based columns. The results show that differences between modeled and satellite-based NO2 columns are sensitive to the spatial proxies used in the gridded emission inventories. The total population density is less suitable for allocating NOx emissions than nighttime light data because population density tends to allocate more emissions to rural areas. Determining the exact locations of large emission sources could significantly strengthen the correlation between modeled and observed NO2 columns. When applying industrial gross domestic product (GDP) values and an updated road network map as proxies for the industrial and on-road transport sectors respectively, modeled NO2 columns could better capture pollution hotspots in urban areas and exhibit best performance of the five cases comparing to satellite-based NO2 columns (slope = 1.01 and R2 = 0.85). This analysis provides a framework for information from satellite observations to inform bottom-up inventory development. In the future, more effort should be devoted to the representation of spatial proxies to improve spatial patterns in bottom-up emission inventories.
Basin-scale water-balance dataset (BSWB): an update
Authors: Hirschi Martin , Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This paper presents an update of a basin-scale diagnostic dataset of monthly variations in terrestrial water storage for large river basins worldwide (BSWB v2016, doi:10.5905/ethz-1007-58). Terrestrial water storage comprises all forms of water storage on land surfaces, and its seasonal and inter-annual variations are mostly determined by soil moisture, groundwater, snow cover, and surface water. The presented dataset is derived using a combined atmospheric and terrestrial water-balance approach with conventional streamflow measurements and re-analysis data of atmospheric moisture flux convergence. It extends a previous existing version of the dataset (Mueller et al., 2011) temporally and spatially.
The Finite-volumE Sea ice–Ocean Model (FESOM2)
Authors: Danilov Sergey , Sidorenko Dmitry , Wang Qiang , Jung Thomas
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Version 2 of the unstructured-mesh sea ice – ocean circulation model FESOM is presented. It builds upon FESOM1.4 (Wang et al., 2014, Geosci. Mod. Dev., 7, 663–693) but differs by its dynamical core (finite volumes instead of finite elements) and is formulated using the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) vertical coordinate, which increases model flexibility. The model inherits the framework and sea ice model from the previous version, which minimizes the efforts needed from a user to switch from one version to the other. The ocean states simulated with FESOM1.4 and FESOM2.0 driven by CORE-II forcing are compared on a mesh used for CORE-II intercomparison project. Additionally the performance on an eddy-permitting mesh with uniform resolution is discussed. The new version improves numerical efficiency of FESOM in terms of CPU time by at least three times while retaining its fidelity in simulating sea ice and ocean. From this it is argued that FESOM2.0 provides a major step forward in establishing unstructured-mesh models as valuable tools in climate research.
Water yield following forest–grass–forest transitions
Authors: Elliott Katherine J. , Caldwell Peter V. , Brantley Steven T. , Miniat Chelcy F. , Vose James M. , Swank Wayne T.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Many currently forested areas in the southern Appalachians were harvested in the early 1900s and cleared for agriculture or pasture, but have since been abandoned and reverted to forest (old-field succession). Land use and land cover changes such as these may have altered the timing and quantity of water yield (Q). We examined 80 years of streamflow and vegetation data in an experimental watershed that underwent forest-grass-forest conversion (i.e., old-field succession treatment). We hypothesized that changes in forest species composition and water use would largely explain long-term changes in Q. Aboveground biomass was comparable among watersheds before the treatment (208.3 Mg ha−1), and again after 45 years of forest regeneration (217.9 Mg ha−1). However, management practices in the treatment watershed altered resulting species composition compared to the reference watershed. Evapotranspiration (ET) and Q in the treatment watershed recovered to pretreatment levels after nine years of abandonment, then Q became less (averaging 5.4 % less) and ET more (averaging 3.4 % more) than expected after the 10th year up through present day. We demonstrate that the decline in Q and corresponding increase in ET could be explained by the shift in major forest species from predominantly Quercus and Carya before treatment to predominantly Liriodendron and Acer through old-field succession. The annual change in Q can be attributed to changes in seasonal Q. The greatest management effect on monthly Q occurred during the wettest (i.e., above median Q) growing season months when Q was significantly lower than expected. In the dormant season, monthly Q was higher than expected during the wettest months.
A KERNEL-BASED SIMILARITY MEASURING FOR CHANGE DETECTION IN REMOTE SENSING IMAGES
Authors: Shi Xiaodan , Ma Guorui , Chen Fenge , Ma Yanli
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a kernel-based approach for the change detection of remote sensing images. It detects change by comparing the probability density (PD), expressed as kernel functions, of the feature vector extracted from bi- temporal images. PD is compared by defined kernel functions without immediate PD estimation. This algorithm is model-free and it can process multidimensional data, and is fit for the images with rich texture in particular. Experimental results show that overall accuracy of the algorithm is 98.9 %, a little bit better than that of the change vector analysis and classification comparison method, which is 96.7 % and 95.9 % respectively.
Towards an increase of flash flood geomorphic effects due to gravel mining
and ground subsidence in Nogalte stream (Murcia, SE Spain)
Authors: Ortega-Becerril Jose Antonio , Garzón Guillermina , Béjar-Pizarro Marta , Martínez-Díaz Jose Jesús
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Transition from endorheic alluvial fan environments to well-channelized fluvial systems in natural conditions may occur in response to base-level fluctuations. However, human-induced changes in semi-arid regions can also be responsible for similar unforeseen modifications. Our results confirm that in-channel gravel mining and aquifer overexploitation over the last 50 years in the case study area have changed the natural stability of the Nogalte stream and, as a result, its geomorphic parameters including channel depth and longitudinal profile have begun to adapt to the new situation. Using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data we obtain maximum values for ground subsidence in the Upper Guadalentín Basin of  ∼ 10 cm yr−1 for the period 2003–2010. In this context of a lowered base level, the river is changing its natural flood model to a more powerful one. A comparison of the 1973 flood event, the most dramatic flood event ever recorded in the area, with the 2012 event, where there was a similar discharge but a sediment load deficit, reveals greater changes and a new flooding pattern and extension. In-channel gravel mining may be responsible for significant local changes in channel incision and profile. This, together with the collateral effects of aquifer overexploitation, can favour increased river velocity and stream power, which intensify the consequences of the flooding. The results obtained here clearly demonstrate an existing transition from the former alluvial pattern to a confined fluvial trend, which may become more pronounced in the future due to the time lag between the drop in aquifer level and ground subsidence, and introduce a new scenario to be taken into consideration in future natural hazard planning in this area.
Modeling of the in situ state of stress in elastic layered rock subject to
stress and strain-driven tectonic forces
Authors: Roche Vincent , van der Baan Mirko
Published: October 2016

Abstract. In this study we describe and compare eight different strategies to predict the depth variation of stress within a layered rock formation. This reveals the inherent uncertainties in stress prediction from elastic properties and stress measurements, as well as the geologic implications of the different models. The predictive strategies are based on well log data and in some cases on in situ stress measurements, combined with the weight of the overburden rock, the pore pressure, the depth variation in rock properties, and tectonic effects. We contrast and compare stresses predicted purely using theoretical models with those constrained by in situ measurements. We also explore the role of the applied boundary conditions mimicking two fundamental models of tectonic effects, namely the stress or strain-driven models. In both models layer to layer tectonic stress variations are added to initial predictions due to vertical variation in rock elasticity, consistent with natural observations, yet describing very different controlling mechanisms. Layer to layer stress variations are caused by either local elastic strain accommodation for the strain-driven model, or stress transfers for the stress-driven model. As a consequence, stress predictions can depend strongly on the implemented prediction philosophy and the underlying implicit and explicit assumptions, even for media with identical elastic parameters and stress measurements. This implies that stress predictions have large uncertainties, even if local measurements and boundary conditions are honored.
Caminhos do pensamento subjetivo para o tornar-se (inter)subjetivo: uma abordagem filosófica da linguagem . Maria Cristina Hennes Sampaio
Authors: SAMPAIO MARIA CRISTINA HENNES
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo examinar, no âmbito de uma abordagem filosófica da linguagem, os caminhos do pensamento subjetivo para o tornar-se (inter)subjetivo. Para esse fim, colocamos em diálogo as ideias filosóficas de E.Husserl, M.Bajtin, M.Heidegger e S.Kierkegaard. As questões levantadas são sugestivas da existência de projetos de conhecimento bastante distintos daquele que conhecemos nas ciências positivas os quais modificam radicalmente a nossa visão sobre as formas de conhecimento, dos fenômenos de linguagem, da alteridade, os quais incluem as noções de sujeito, da subjetividade e da (inter)subjetividade; da noção da própria história/historicidade; da forma de se pensar a noção de linguagem como aquela que detém a guarda tanto do ser das coisas como também do modo de acontecer do evento; da noção de sentido, o qual só pode ser encontrado no dever-ser do ato responsavelmente vivido e no ser-aí (Dasein), no acontecimento do ser e do ser-com-o-outro(s).
Práticas identitárias de constituição dos sujeitos via processos discursivos: a relação entre subjetividades e alteridades
Authors: Pires Vera Lúcia , Brisolara Valéria
Published: October 2016

A construção de identidades e de subjetividades passa, inevitavelmente, por práticas de significação. Por serem construções discursivas, exemplos ligados aos gêneros midiáticos, tais como peças publicitárias, carregam indicadores de identidade, bem como de alteridade, em um permanente movimento dialético de tensão. O objetivo deste texto é discutir o conceito de construções identitárias, em sua relação entre subjetividades e alteridades e aplicá-lo à análise de comunicações midiáticas. Assim, verificaremos tanto os índices de subjetividade como os de alteridade, expressos nessas comunicações. Para tanto, seguimos a proposta metodológica de análise dialógica bakhtiniana, que abrange as duas esferas da enunciação, a dimensão social e a verbal. Na dimensão social, consideramos o sujeito como histórico e social, levando em conta os participantes do gênero discursivo, e o contexto no qual ele se desenvolve. Com relação à esfera verbal, entendemos a análise discursiva propriamente dita.
Memória e subjetividade: de um tempo para lembrar
Authors: Petri Verli , Scherer Amanda Eloína
Published: October 2016

Queremos trazer neste artigo algumas reflexões, que consideramos fundamentais, sobre a subjetividade e a sua relação com a memória através da discursivização do lembrar. Nosso propósito é render uma homenagem à nossa colega Carme Regina Schons que partiu precocemente. A partir de nossas lembranças-homenagem, lembranças-vividas, lembranças-experimentadas em parcerias e afetos teóricos, queremos entender melhor o eixo da composição eu + tu na constituição da subjetividade. Para nós, tal composição tem em sua constituição discursiva uma relação de nunca acabar, pois, ao lembrar, nos constituímos como sujeitos em uma relação que ultrapassa o jogo enunciativo da reversibilidade do eu e do tu e podemos, dessa maneira, entender melhor o nosso objeto de pesquisa que é o funcionamento da língua pela memória discursiva. Nossa referência de sustentação, no plano da interpretação, está tomada pelo campo teórico da Análise de Discurso empreendida por Michel Pêcheux na França e interpretada, no Brasil, por Eni Orlandi.
Reabilitação oral do desgaste dentário severo com resina composta
Authors: Mesko Mauro Elias , Cenci Maximiliano Sérgio , Loomans Bas , Opdam Niek , Pereira-Cenci Tatiana
Published: October 2016

Introdução: a utilização de resinas compostas diretas
tem sido ampliada devido a melhoras tanto nas propriedades
adesivas quanto nas propriedades físicas dos materiais.
Aprimoramentos técnicos também fizeram com
que os compósitos passassem a ser utilizados inclusive
na reabilitação de casos de extensas perdas de tecidos
dentários, mostrando um bom desempenho clínico em
estudos longitudinais. As reabilitações das lesões não
cariosas tendem a aumentar na clínica odontológica,
em função de uma maior longevidade de indivíduos
que mantiveram a sua dentição natural, especialmente
naqueles casos em que um desgaste dentário severo
(DDS) tenha ocorrido em função de atrição, erosão,
abrasão ou por combinações dessas. Objetivos: apresentar
um apanhado das técnicas disponíveis para o
uso de resinas compostas diretas (RCDs) aplicáveis na
reabilitação de pacientes que tenham DDS, bem como
descrever essas técnicas, discutindo suas vantagens e
desvantagens. Revisão de literatura: uma busca na literatura
previamente realizada apontou que as RCDs
têm indicação para tratamentos conservadores em casos
com DDS. Considerações finais: as técnicas diretas
estão indicadas como uma alternativa para esse tipo de
reabilitação porque apresentam longevidade aceitável,
com um bom nível de satisfação por pa
Tratamento de superfície em implantes dentários: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Silva Fabrizio Lorenzoni e , Rodrigues Franciely , Pamato Saulo , Pereira Jefferson Ricardo
Published: October 2016

Introdução: desde a descoberta e o desenvolvimento do
estudo da osseointegração, forma, topografia, textura e
tratamento da superfície dos implantes têm emergido
como uma nova maneira de melhorar a qualidade desses
materiais bem como a osseointegração. Objetivo: o
objetivo deste estudo foi, por meio de uma revisão da
literatura, expor os tipos de tratamento de superfície de
implantes dentários, bem como as interações celulares
relacionadas a esses materiais e como isso afeta a velocidade
e a qualidade da osseointegração. Métodos: o
estudo foi desenvolvido mediante levantamento bibliográfico
nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline, SciELO e
Bireme, utilizando como palavras-chave tratamentos de
superfície, osseointegração, implantes dentários e superfície
do implante. Revisão de literatura: a rugosidade
superficial e o alto grau de hidrofilicidade são capazes
de melhorar os resultados da osseointegração. Ainda,
superfícies submetidas a ataque ácido e jateamento,
assim como modificadas quimicamente, apresentam
resultados clínicos satisfatórios em carregamentos precoces,
baixa qualidade óssea e pacientes sistemicamente
comprometidos. Considerações finais: embora os
estudos demonstrem que os implantes com superfície
rugosa apresentam maior área de contato entre o tecido
ósseo e a porção externa dos implantes, a literatura não
apresenta um consenso quanto ao melhor tipo de tratamento
de superfície.