bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studying signal compartmentation in adult cardiomyocytes
Authors: Judina Aleksandra , Gorelik Julia , Wright Peter T.
Published: February 2020

Multiple intra-cellular signalling pathways rely on calcium and 3′–5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to act as secondary messengers. This is especially true in cardiomyocytes which act as the force-producing units of the cardiac muscle and are required to react rapidly to environmental stimuli. The specificity of functional responses within cardiomyocytes and other cell types is produced by the organellar compartmentation of both calcium and cAMP. In this review, we assess the role of molecular localisation and relative contribution of active and passive processes in producing compartmentation. Active processes comprise the creation and destruction of signals, whereas passive processes comprise the release or sequestration of signals. Cardiomyocytes display a highly articulated membrane structure which displays significant cell-to-cell variability. Special attention is paid to the way in which cell membrane caveolae and the transverse-axial tubule system allow molecular localisation. We explore the effects of cell maturation, pathology and regional differences in the organisation of these processes. The subject of signal compartmentation has had a significant amount of attention within the cardiovascular field and has undergone a revolution over the past two decades. Advances in the area have been driven by molecular imaging using fluorescent dyes and genetically encoded constructs based upon fluorescent proteins. We also explore the use of scanning probe microscopy in the area. These techniques allow the analysis of molecular compartmentation within specific organellar compartments which gives researchers an entirely new perspective.
Parents' Perspectives on Tele-AAC Support for Families with a New Speech Generating Device: Results from an Australian Pilot Study
Authors: Anderson Kate , Balandin Susan , Stancliffe Roger J. , Layfield Claire
Published: February 2020

Telepractice is rapidly gaining popularity as a cost-effective and convenient alternative to in-person services for a range of speech-language pathology (SLP) applications. To date, there has been little research investigating the use of telepractice to support families with a new speech generating device (SGD). This paper reports on the outcomes of a novel online training and support program, trialed with 4 underserviced Australian families of children with a new SGD. The program consisted of 6 video-narrated lessons on SGD use, along with an online supervision and practice component conducted via videoconference. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with parents following their completion of the program. Parents noted the telepractice support model offered a range of benefits, including convenient service access and flexible learning options. Challenges included technology limitations and increased pressure on parents to coordinate home practice. Overall, parents reported that the telepractice program was a positive experience for them and their children. Findings indicated that telepractice is a promising mode of service delivery for those learning to use a new SGD. Further research in this area is warranted.
Digital background calibration technique for pipelined SAR ADCs with detect‐and‐switching algorithm
Authors: Zhang Lizhen , Han Shanshan , Huang Linlin , Wu Jianhui
Published: February 2020

A digital background calibration technique for pipelined successive approximation register (SAR) analogue‐to‐digital converters (ADCs) with detect‐and‐switching (DAS) algorithm is proposed. The DAS algorithm exploits basic combinational logic to detect the first‐stage conversion results, thereby determining whether to inject a random dithering signal. So as to reduce the amplifier's output swing and avoid the saturation of the second stage, the amplitude of the injected dithering signal is reduced by only injecting the capacitor mismatch into first‐stage residue voltage. By executing the DAS‐based calibration in the background, capacitor mismatch and inter‐stage gain are obtained. Simulation results show that the signal to noise and distortion ratio is improved from 42.4 to 59.3 dB and spurious‐free dynamic range is increased from 50.6 to 79.1 dB with calibration.
Cyber–physical attacks on power distribution systems
Authors: Ayad Abdelrahman , Farag Hany , Youssef Amr , El‐Saadany Ehab
Published: February 2020

This study investigates the impacts of stealthy false data injection (FDI) attacks that corrupt the state estimation operation of power distribution systems (PDS). In particular, the authors analyse FDI attacks that target the integrity of distribution systems optimal power flow (DSOPF) in order to maximise the system operator losses. The branch current state estimation method is implemented to accurately model the PDS, and convex relaxations are applied to the DSOPF model. The effects of the FDI attacks are analysed on the IEEE 34‐bus unbalanced radial distribution system, with distributed energy resources (DERs) along the feeder. A 24 h DSPOF is performed, and the results depict the changes in the voltage profile and the additional power injection from the DERs, which consequently lead to the increase of the DSOPF cost.
Insulation failures prognosis in electric machines: preventive detection and time to failure forecast
Authors: Guedes Armando S. , Silva Sidelmo Magalhaes
Published: February 2020

This work presents a new approach to the on‐line evaluation of the insulation of electric machines. Through the proposed system, it is possible to identify the stress agents causing the degradation of the insulation of low‐ and medium‐voltage machines. In addition, the estimation of the time‐to‐failure (TF) of the insulation is developed based on linear stochastic models autoregressive moving average and artificial neural networks. The identification of the stress agent and the estimation of the TF give a complete prognosis for the predictive monitoring of the machine insulation.
Prevention of maloperation of distance relay under severe stressed conditions for series compensated transmission line considering optimal placement of phasor measurement units
Authors: Tejeswara Rao Juttu , Bhalja Bhavesh R.
Published: February 2020

This study presents a new protection scheme for a series compensated transmission line, which prevents maloperation of distance relay during severe stressed conditions. The proposed method depends on the calculation of the net angular difference of positive sequence phasors of voltage and current signals acquired from phasor measurement units (PMUs). For fully observable power system network, the minimum number of PMUs required with a maximum number of system observability redundancy index has been identified by the suggested method using binary chemical reaction optimisation technique. The validity of the suggested technique has been confirmed by generating different severe stressed conditions along with faulty situations by modelling IEEE‐39 bus system using RTDS/RSCAD software. The proposed technique offers effective discrimination between severe stressed conditions (symmetrical/asymmetrical power swing, load encroachment, voltage instability) and faulty situation even against wide variation in fault type, fault resistance, fault inception angle, degree of compensation and location of the series capacitor (middle or both ends). The accomplished results disclose higher discriminating capability between severe stressed conditions and faulty situation of the proposed technique in comparison with those of the several existing techniques.
Switch count reduced structure for symmetric bi‐directional multilevel inverter based on switch‐diode‐source cells
Authors: Hosseinpour Majid , Seifi Ali , Dejamkhooy Abdomajid , Sedaghati Farzad
Published: February 2020

Inverters as one of the most important elements of power systems have been profoundly developed in recent decades and their performance has attracted researches in control and structure point of view. In this study, a novel structure based on the switch‐diode‐source cell is proposed for a multilevel converter that is capable of bidirectional feeding. The proposed structure is presented for symmetrical mode and the number of power electronic devices is decreased in comparison with similar works. Considering recent proposed symmetrical structures, the proposed structure has the superior condition in terms of semiconductor switches and drivers count as well as switching loss. Also, total blocked voltage (TBV) of the proposed converter is compared with conventional and novel symmetrical converters. Then, switch costs of the proposed converter are compared with the structure that its TBV is the lowest. The performance of the proposed symmetrical seven‐level converter is analysed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink for both PWM and selective harmonic elimination switching methods. Not only the results are desirable, but also the experimental results of laboratory prototype validate the simulation results.
Drug delivery system and in vitro release of luteolin based on magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@ZIF‐67)
Authors: Shi Yuqiong , Qiu Beibei , Wu Xiangrong , Wang Yuxuan , Zhu Jinhua , Liu Xiuhua , Zhao Dongbao
Published: February 2020

To extend the wide application range of luteolin (LUT), a slow‐release drug delivery system is urgently needed. In this work, Fe3O4@ZIF‐67 was reported as the carrier of LUT. A facile synthesis method of Fe3O4@ZIF‐67 was established with simply continuous stirring. The structure and function of the nanocomposites were characterised by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, VEM and TGA. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the maximum drug loading capacity of the carrier was obtained to be 308.07 µg/mg. And LUT was released about 55% from Fe3O4@ZIF‐67 after 72 h. The adsorption kinetics and release kinetics of LUT were also investigated. The results showed that the relationship between time and drug loading fitted well with the quasi‐second‐order kinetic equation (R 2 = 0.99) and the release mechanism followed the Sigmoidal model (R 2 = 0.98). In short, Fe3O4@ZIF‐67 could be developed as a carrier of the LUT delivery system for slow release.
The effect of internal gravity waves on cloud evolution in sub-stellar atmospheres
Authors: Parent A. , Falconer R. E. , Lee E. K. H. , Meyer K. A. , Stark C. R.
Published: February 2020

Context. Sub-stellar objects exhibit photometric variability, which is believed to be caused by a number of processes, such as magnetically-driven spots or inhomogeneous cloud coverage. Recent sub-stellar models have shown that turbulent flows and waves, including internal gravity waves, may play an important role in cloud evolution.

Aims. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of internal gravity waves on dust nucleation and dust growth, and whether observations of the resulting cloud structures could be used to recover atmospheric density information.

Methods. For a simplified atmosphere in two dimensions, we numerically solved the governing fluid equations to simulate the effect on dust nucleation and mantle growth as a result of the passage of an internal gravity wave. Furthermore, we derived an expression that relates the properties of the wave-induced cloud structures to observable parameters in order to deduce the atmospheric density.

Results. Numerical simulations show that the density, pressure, and temperature variations caused by gravity waves lead to an increase of the dust nucleation rate by up to a factor 20, and an increase of the dust mantle growth rate by up to a factor 1.6, compared to their equilibrium values. Through an exploration of the wider sub-stellar parameter space, we show that in absolute terms, the increase in dust nucleation due to internal gravity waves is stronger in cooler (T dwarfs) and TiO2-rich sub-stellar atmospheres. The relative increase, however, is greater in warm (L dwarf) and TiO2-poor atmospheres due to conditions that are less suited for efficient nucleation at equilibrium. These variations lead to banded areas in which dust formation is much more pronounced, similar to the cloud structures observed on Earth.

Conclusions. We show that internal gravity waves propagating in the atmosphere of sub-stellar objects can produce banded clouds structures similar to that observed on Earth. We propose a method with which potential observations of banded clouds could be used to estimate the atmospheric density of sub-stellar objects.
Novel approach to distinguish between vacuum UV-induced ice photodesorption and photoconversion
Authors: Bulak M. , Paardekooper D. M. , Fedoseev G. , Linnartz H.
Published: February 2020

Context. In cold regions of the interstellar medium with intense ultraviolet radiation fields, photodesorption has been suggested as a nonthermal desorption mechanism promoting the transition of molecules from the solid state to the gas phase. Laboratory experiments measuring photodesorption rates are crucial in attempting to explain high molecular gas phase abundances of species that are expected to form in the solid state, such as methane, methanol, and acetonitrile, and to aid astrochemical modeling. Due to the convoluted competition between photodesorption and photoconversion, it is far from trivial to derive accurate photodesorption rates.

Aims. The aim of this study is to apply a new methodology to discriminate between the two processes. The method has been validated using the well-studied case of CO and extended to CH4, CH3OH, and CH3CN.

Methods. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV; photon energy of 7–10.2 eV) irradiated ices at 20 K are studied, first as a pure CH4, CH3OH, or CH3CN ice and subsequently with an Ar coating on top. The latter is transparent to the VUV photons (wavelength below 200 nm), but it quenches the photodesorption process. Comparing the laser desorption post ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the ices with and without the Ar coating provides information on the different interactions of the VUV photons with the ice.

Results. The newly developed experimental technique allowed for a derivation of photodesorption rates for ices at 20 K of: CO (3.1 ± 0.3)×10−3 mol. photon−1, CH4 (3.1 ± 0.5)×10−2 mol. photon−1, and upper limits for CH3OH (< 6 × 10−5 mol. photon−1) and CH3CN (< 7.4 × 10−4 mol. photon−1); in the latter case, no literature values have been reported yet. The newly introduced approach provides more insight into the photodesorption process, in particular, for commonly observed complex organic molecules (COMs). Photoconversion cross sections are presented in the 7–10.2 eV range. The possible role of photodesorption and photoconversion in the formation of interstellar COMs is discussed.
Perfectionism and Burnout in Sport and Dance
Authors: Skwiot Marlena , Śliwiński Zbigniew , Śliwiński Grzegorz Eugeniusz
Published: February 2020

Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interaction
between perfectionism and symptoms of burnout in athletes and dancers and
examine the influence of chronic musculoskeletal pain on burnout levels.

Design Two structured questionnaires were used.

Methods We studied a group of 207 athletes and dancers (75 females and
132 males) aged 18-25 years (mean=21.4, SD=2.3). The study group
comprised of 82 dancers, 72 football (soccer) players and 53 Kyokushin Karate
fighters. The level of perfectionism was evaluated utilising the
Sport-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2, and the level of burnout was
evaluated with the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire.

Results No significant differences between total burnout levels were
noted between the dancers (M=2.88, SD=0.45), Kyokushin Karate
fighters (M=2.81, SD=0.41) and football players (M=2.93,
SD=0.44) (p=0.318). Athletes with a high level of perfectionism
who experienced chronic pain had the highest levels of burnout (M=2.37,
SD=0.68) compared to those characterised by a low level of perfectionism
and experiencing pain and those not in pain.

Conclusions The athletes and dancers participating in the study set great
store by meeting personal standards, which suggests that their coaches should
ensure a high level of efficiency in order to prevent perfectionism contributing
to burnout.
Serum Fetuin-A and Insulin Levels in Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Kurnaz Erdal , Çetinkaya Semra , Özalkak Şervan , Bayramoğlu Elvan , Demirci Gülşah , Öztürk Hasan Serdar , Erdeve Şenay Savaş , Aycan Zehra
Published: February 2020

Androgens play a pivotal role in non-reproductive organs such as the kidney, heart, liver, and pancreas. As androgen receptors are expressed in pancreatic and liver cells, excess testosterone can result in hypersecretion of insulin and fetuin-A, a protein produced in the liver. The expression of fetuin-A, a natural inhibitor of tyrosine kinase activity in muscle and liver, leads to insulin resistance. In addition, insulin and fetuin-A levels are thought to be affected by drugs such as glucocorticoids (GCs) and fludrocortisone. However, whether fetuin-A and insulin levels are affected by androgens and GCs in patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is unknown. This cross-sectional study included 56 CAH patients and 70 controls. Analyses were stratified by sex and prepubertal/pubertal status to control for potential changes in serum metabolic/inflammatory markers associated with the production of sex steroids. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, fetuin-A, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured in blood samples. In addition, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, total testosterone, free testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels were measured before medication was administered. Insulin and fetuin-A levels were significantly higher in CAH patients than in controls. The unfavourably high levels of these substances exhibited a positive correlation with total and free testosterone. Regression analysis revealed that fetuin-A and free testosterone were the only independent predictors of the insulin level, while insulin and free testosterone levels significantly predicted the fetuin-A level (R2=42.7% and 59.8%). Differences were also observed in triglyceride and hs-CRP levels between the pubertal and prepubertal groups. We conclude that serum fetuin-A and insulin levels may be associated with androgens in CAH patients.
Acurácia do teste de força muscular da cinesiologia aplicada para disfunção sacroilíaca
Authors: Estrázulas Jaisson Agne , Bueno Lauro Sinval , Lombardi Luana Rocha de Oliveira , Estrázulas Jansen Atier , Fernandes Tiótrefis Gomes , Baltar Juliana Albuquerque
Published: February 2020

Objetivo Investigar a acurácia do teste de força muscular da cinesiologia aplicada para disfunção sacroilíaca, comparando-o com quatro testes ortopédicos validados.

Métodos Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal de acurácia desenvolvida em uma clínica particular da cidade de Manaus no mês de fevereiro de 2017. A amostra teve 20 indivíduos, com mediana de idade 33,5 anos. Foram aplicados quatro testes: distração, thigh thrust, compressão e thrust sacral, e o diagnóstico foi confirmado quando três destes testes deram positivo. Logo após, foi aplicado o teste da cinesiologia aplicada para o músculo piriforme.

Resultados A prevalência de disfunção da articulação sacroilíaca observada foi de 45%, tendo o teste thigh thrust alta especificidade, e o teste thrust sacral, alta sensibilidade. O teste da cinesiologia aplicada obteve bons resultados (sensibilidade: 0,89; especificidade: 0,82; valor preditivo positivo: 0,80; valor preditivo negativo: 0,82; acurácia: 0,85; área abaixo da curva de característica de operação do receptor [COR]: 0,85).

Conclusão O teste de força muscular da cinesiologia aplicada, de grande viabilidade clínica, mostrou ter boa acurácia no diagnóstico da disfunção da articulação sacroilíaca, e maior poder discriminatório da disfunção existente, em comparação aos demais testes.
Reversible Endoscopic Medial Maxillectomy: Endonasal Approach to Diseases of the Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Tepedino Miguel Soares , Ferrão Ana Clara Miotello , Higa Hana Caroline Morais , Balsalobre Filho Leonardo Lopes , Iturriaga Enrique , Pereira Marcelo Charles , Pinheiro Neto Carlos Diogenes
Published: February 2020

Introduction The endoscopic access has reduced the morbidity associated with external approaches in diseases of the maxillary sinus. A reversible endoscopic medial maxillectomy (REMM) is presented as an alternative for treatment of benign maxillary diseases.

Objective To describe the REMM technique and report four cases of patients with benign maxillary sinus conditions treated through this approach.

Methods The present study was divided into two parts: anatomical and case series. Two cadaveric dissections confirmed the feasibility of the REMM approach. The same technique was performed on four consecutive patients with benign maxillary sinus disease.

Results The cadaveric dissections confirmed wide exposure to the maxillary cavity, preserving the anatomy of the maxillary sinus. In the patient series, one patient presented with an antrochoanal polyp, one had a silent sinus syndrome, one had a chronic maxillary sinusitis secondary to a gunshot, and the last one had an inverted papilloma in the maxillary sinus. In all of the cases, the REMM approach provided excellent access and adequate resection, as well as preservation of the inferior turbinate, nasolacrimal duct, and lateral wall of the nose (including its osteomucosal component). Finally, all of the patients had an uneventful postoperative course.

Conclusion The REMM technique is an excellent surgical approach to benign conditions of the maxillary sinus. It has few limitations and appears to be associated with less morbidity than conventional techniques.
The Impact of Olfactory Dysfunction on the Psychological Status and Quality of Life of Patients with Nasal Obstruction and Septal Deviation
Authors: Valsamidis Konstantinos , Printza Athanasia , Constantinidis Jannis , Triaridis Stefanos
Published: February 2020

Introduction Olfactory dysfunction may be present in patients with nasal obstruction and septal deviation. The impact of olfactory dysfunction on the psychological profile and quality of life (QoL) of these patients remains unexplored.

Objective The present study aimed to investigate the emotional status and QoL of patients with olfactory dysfunction and septal deviation and to identify predictors associated with clinically significant improvement of psychological status and QoL, focusing mainly on the role of olfactory recovery after septoplasty.

Methods The olfactory function was quantitatively assessed using the ‘‘Sniffin’ sticks'' test (Burghart Messtechnik GmbH, Wedel, Germany) in 60 patients and 25 controls enrolled in this prospective study. The participants completed validated questionnaires specific for general health (Short Form-36), nasal-symptom related QoL (SinoNasal Outcome Test-22), olfaction-associated QoL (Questionnaire of Olfactory Deficits) and for assessing their psychological state (Short Anxiety Screening Test and Beck Depression Inventory) preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. The patients used the Glasgow Benefit Inventory to evaluate their personal benefit after septoplasty with.

Results Septoplasty led to significantly improved olfactory function. Patients with olfactory impairment had significantly lower nasal-symptom related QoL, higher stress levels, and more depressive mood compared with normosmics and controls before and after septoplasty. Postoperatively, personal benefit from surgery was higher in normosmic patients. Improvement of nasal-symptom related QoL was significantly associated with higher likelihood of clinically significant improvement of patients' psychological profile and more personal benefit from surgery. Olfactory dysfunction was negatively correlated with the emotional status of the patients.

Conclusion Olfactory dysfunction appears to significantly affect the psychological status of patients with nasal obstruction, and olfactory recovery improves the patients' perception of personal benefit from septoplasty.
Radiographic Measurement of Cochlear Duct Length in an Indian Cadaveric Population - Importance of Custom Fit Cochlear Implant Electrodes
Authors: Singh Anup , Kumar Rajeev , Manchanda Smita , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Sagar Prem , Irugu David Victor Kumar
Published: February 2020

Introduction Successful cochlear implantation requires an appropriate insertion depth of the electrode, which depends on cochlear duct length CDL). The CDL can vary due to ethnic factors.

Objective The objective of the current study was to determine the CDL in an Indian adult cadaveric population.

Methods The present was a cadaveric study using the temporal bones obtained after permission of the Institutional Review Board. The temporal bones were subjected to high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and the double oblique reformatted CT images were reconstructed through the basal turn of the cochlea. The reformatted images were then viewed in the minimum-intensity projection (minIP) mode, and the ‘A’ value (the diameter of the basal turn of the cochlea) was calculated. The CDL was then measured using the formula CDL = 4.16A - 4 (Alexiades et al). The data analysis was performed using the Microsoft Excel software, version 2016.

Results A total of 51 temporal bones were included for imaging analysis. The CDL varied from 27.6 mm to 33.4 mm, with a mean length of 30.7 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the two sides.

Conclusion The CDL can be calculated with preoperative high-resolution CT, and can provide a roadmap for effective cochlear implant electrode insertion. The population-based anatomical variability needs to be taken into account to offer the most efficient and least traumatic insertion of the electrode.
Construct and Criterion Validity of the Postmenopause Sexuality Questionnaire – PMSQ
Authors: Lima Maria José Ferreira , Valim Marília Duarte , de Medeiros Sebastião Freitas
Published: February 2020

Objective To assess the construct and criterion validity of the Postmenopause Sexuality Questionnaire (PMSQ).

Methods The present methodological questionnaire validation study included postmenopausal women. The construct validity was tested by factor analysis and the criterion validity was performed using the correlation between the PMSQ and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The ROC curve was used to verify sensitivity, specificity and to determine the cutoff point of the PMSQ.

Results A total of 181 women with a mean age of 56.4 ± 5.7 years old were evaluated. The exploratory factor analysis showed that the PMSQ presented Kaiser test = 0.88 and χ2 = 3293.7 (p < 0.001), commonalities ≥ 0.5, and extraction of 9 factors with eigenvalue ≥ 1; explaining 66.3% of the total variance. The PMSQ presented factor loadings between 0.4 and 0.8. A strong correlation between the 2 questionnaires (r = 0.79; p = 0.000) was shown. The cutoff point of the PMSQ was ≤ 55.5, assuming 87.9% sensitivity and 78.9% specificity (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Since the PMSQ showed a strong correlation with the FSFI questionnaire, it presented good psychometric properties to assess the sexuality in postmenopausal women. Based on these results, the PMSQ could be widely tested as a specific instrument to examine the sexual function in postmenopausal women. Future studies, designed to examine the PMSQ instrument in different populations, are needed.
A Comprehensive Integrative Review of the Factors Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Birth, Its Prevention and Prediction, Including Metabolomic Markers
Authors: Souza Renato Teixeira , Cecatti José Guilherme
Published: February 2020

Preterm birth is a major maternal complication that has a great impact on perinatal and neonatal health, with consequences suffered during childhood and adulthood. Little is known about its etiology and development, resulting in poor screening, prediction and preventive methods. The present integrative review discusses the current knowledge regarding some risk factors for preterm birth, the differences between screening and prediction methods, the limitations of some current preventive interventions, the importance of applying standardized concepts for exposures and outcomes, and why it is important to develop more accurate and reproducible methods to predict preterm birth. In addition, the authors introduce the concept of metabolomics and the technology involved in this technique, and discuss about how it has become a promising approach to identify biomarkers for spontaneous preterm birth.
Adolescent Kienböck's Disease: A Comparison between Lunate Offloading and Revascularization Procedures
Authors: Gillis Joshua A. , Khouri Joseph S. , Moran Steven L.
Published: February 2020

Objective To evaluate the outcomes and complication rate of surgical management in adolescent patients with Kienböck's disease and compare lunate offloading and revascularization procedures.

Methods We performed a retrospective chart review to evaluate adolescent patients with Kienböck's disease between 1990 and 2016 who were surgically managed. Charts were reviewed for demographic information, presence of trauma, range of motion, grip strength, and radiographic parameters pre- and postoperative.

Results We assessed 21 wrists in 20 patients. All had failed conservative management and required surgery. Seven patients underwent lunate offloading procedures, most commonly radial-shortening osteotomy, whereas 13 patients had an attempt at revascularization. All patients had either minimal or no pain at a clinical mean clinical follow-up of 63.4 months. Postoperatively, grip strength and radial deviation improved, with no difference between the two groups. Those that underwent joint offloading procedures had less ulnar variance. Eight of 11 patients with a postoperative MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) had evidence of lunate revascularization after a revascularization procedure.

Conclusion Surgical management of Kienböck's disease in adolescent patients can yield satisfactory outcomes in those that fail conservative management.

Level of Evidence/Type of study This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
Review on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Qubty William , Irwin Samantha Lee , Fox Christine K.
Published: February 2020

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical–radiologic diagnosis that affects children and adolescents, but it is much more frequently reported in adults. Clinically, patients present with severe and commonly recurrent thunderclap headaches. Typical precipitating triggers include vasoactive substances, serotonergic agents, and the postpartum period. There may be associated neurologic complications at presentation or in the weeks following, such as convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, cerebral edema, cervical artery dissection (CeAD), and seizures. Angiographically, the cerebral arteries demonstrate segmental vasoconstriction and dilation, although imaging early in the clinical course may be normal. Work-up is performed to exclude intracranial disorders such as vasculitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm, meningitis, and intracranial venous sinus thrombosis. Within 1 month of initial symptom onset, clinical symptoms such as severe headache have ceased, and within 3 months, the cerebral vasoconstriction is much improved or resolved. Management involves avoidance of precipitating triggers and potentially short-term pharmacotherapy with calcium channel blockers for patients with associated neurologic complications. Steroids are not recommended and may worsen the clinical outcome. Prognosis is excellent in the large majority of patients, and only 5% of patients experience a recurrence of RCVS.
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED STATUS A CAUSE OF OPPORTUNISTIC INTESTINAL INFECTION LEADING TO GRAM NEGATIVE SEPSIS
Authors: Rai Rekha , Karnaker Vimal Kumar , S. Krishnaprasad M. , R. Ganesh H.
Published: February 2020

Gram negative sepsis and intestinal opportunistic infections including Cryptosporidium, Isospora, Cyclospora, Microsporidia, S.stercoralis and Candida albicans are increasingly becoming prevalent in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. These infections are clinically important primarily because many of these have the potential for serious and even lethal complications in immunosuppressed patients. Here, we are reporting a patient with Gram-negative sepsis, who was found to be co-infected with three of these opportunistic pathogens. She was also found to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies. To our knowledge, this has been reported once previously, and serves as a reminder to actively exclude S.stercoralis infection in immunocompromised individuals presenting with bacteraemia.
PRIMARY ANORECTAL MELANOMA- A RARE CASE REPORT WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Permi Harish S. , Mathias Michelle , Prasad Kishan , Y. Sunilkumar , K. Jayaprakash Shetty , Makannavar J. H.
Published: February 2020

Malignant melanoma is very rare accounting for 1% of all anorectal malignancies. Long term survival is rare, as most patients die of disseminated disease. A 64-year old female presented with the history of bleeding per rectum and constipation since 2 months with recto-sigmoidoscopy showing an exophytic growth measuring 4x3 cms obstructing the lumen of the rectum. Biopsy showed malignant spindle cell tumor, with possibilities of spindle cell variant of squamous cell carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma and malignant melanoma. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for S-100 and HMB-45, confirming malignant melanoma. MRI showed a tumor just behind the anal verge, without evidence of invasion in the sphincter or enlarged lymph nodes. An abdominal perineal resection was performed with colostomy. On four years of follow up, the patient is doing well without recurrence or metastasis. We report this case because of its rarity, diagnostic dilemmas, early diagnosis and treatment of this aggressive malignancy for better outcome and long term survival. Keywords : primary, anorectal melanoma, HMB-45.
The u-series: A separable decomposition for electrostatics computation with improved accuracy
Authors: Predescu Cristian , Lerer Adam K. , Lippert Ross A. , Towles Brian , Grossman J.P. , Dirks Robert M. , Shaw David E.
Published: February 2020

The evaluation of electrostatic energy for a set of point charges in a periodic lattice is a computationally expensive part of molecular dynamics simulations (and other applications) because of the long-range nature of the Coulomb interaction. A standard approach is to decompose the Coulomb potential into a near part, typically evaluated by direct summation up to a cutoff radius, and a far part, typically evaluated in Fourier space. In practice, all decomposition approaches involve approximations—such as cutting off the near-part direct sum—but it may be possible to find new decompositions with improved trade-offs between accuracy and performance. Here, we present the u-series, a new decomposition of the Coulomb potential that is more accurate than the standard (Ewald) decomposition for a given amount of computational effort and achieves the same accuracy as the Ewald decomposition with approximately half the computational effort. These improvements, which we demonstrate numerically using a lipid membrane system, arise because the u-series is smooth on the entire real axis and exact up to the cutoff radius. Additional performance improvements over the Ewald decomposition may be possible in certain situations because the far part of the u-series is a sum of Gaussians and can thus be evaluated using algorithms that require a separable convolution kernel; we describe one such algorithm that reduces communication latency at the expense of communication bandwidth and computation, a trade-off that may be advantageous on modern massively parallel supercomputers.
Emission spectroscopy of He lines in high-density plasmas in Magnum-PSI
Authors: Kajita Shin , Akkermans Gijs , Fujii Keisuke , van der Meiden Hennie , van de Sanden M. C. M.
Published: February 2020

Helium (He) line emissions have been utilized to measure the electron density (ne) and temperature (Te), and validity checks have been conducted in various linear devices. In this study, we performed optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of He line emissions in the linear plasma device Magnum-PSI, where the used density range was 1–8 × 1020 m−3, which was much higher than those used until now. We observed nine line emissions in the wavelength range of 388–728 nm and deduced ne and Te based on comparisons with a collisional radiative model. From the variation of the difference between the experiments and calculations, the joint probability distribution of ne and Te was deduced. We will discuss the effect of radiation trapping, in particular, based on comparisons between OES measurement results and Thomson scattering measurements.
Plant Names
Authors: Spencer Roger , Cross Rob
Published: February 2020

Plant Names is an invaluable guide to the use of scientific, commercial and common names for plants and the conventions for writing them. Written by horticultural botanists at the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, this book covers the naming of wild plants, plants modified by humans, why plant names change, their pronunciation and hints to help remember them, along with updated sections on trademarks and plant breeder's rights. The final section provides a detailed guide to resources useful to people using plant names.
This fourth edition is based on the recently updated International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants and the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. It makes this technical information readily understandable to a range of readers, including botanists, publishers, professional horticulturists, nursery workers, hobby gardeners and anyone interested in plant names.
Field Guide to the Frogs of Australia
Authors: Tyler Michael , Knight Frank
Published: February 2020

Throughout much of the world, frog populations are declining, with the survival of many species under threat. In Australia, several species have become extinct in the past 35 years.
This second edition of Field Guide to the Frogs of Australia provides fully updated accounts of all the known frogs of Australia. There are 248 species within the five native frog families: Hylidae, Limnodynastidae, Microhylidae, Myobatrachidae and Ranidae. Also included are the introduced Cane Toad and nine ‘stowaway’ species that have arrived in Australia.
Each species account includes details of size, status, distribution, habitat, behaviour and advertisement call. Species are beautifully illustrated with full-colour paintings and distribution maps are also included. Closely related frogs are shown in identical poses so that comparisons can be made readily. The introductory section of the book covers frog biology and habitats and includes notes on families and genera.
Culture-driven emotional profiles and online discourse extremism
Authors: Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk Barbara
Published: February 2020

Discourse practices are investigated in English and Polish online comments which display different degrees of linguistic extremism. The present contribution identifies the contexts and targets of such practices and argues that hate speech is conditioned by culture-driven emotional experience and emotion expression profiles prevailing in particular societies. The discussion focuses on Polish and UK English emotionality and on relevant cultural models of the negative emotion clusters identified in Polish and English online political and social comments in posts collected between 2013 and 2018 on topics connected mainly, though not exclusively, with migration and the perception of the Other. First, the article shows that there are differences in the display and expression of emotions between English and Polish discourses, the latter being more negatively explicit and more often addressing the current online interactant. Second, in both groups, two opposing camps are identified. Finally, the rise in meaning and expressiveness of radicalization is observed in both English and Polish across the investigated period.
Incitement to discriminatory hatred, illocution and perlocution
Authors: Assimakopoulos Stavros
Published: February 2020

Even though there seem to be no objectively defined criteria about what constitutes hate speech, a lot of legislation and policy making currently aims at combating it. This paper sets out to define hate speech under its standard legal understanding of ‘incitement to discriminatory hatred’, by adopting a speech-act theoretic perspective. My main proposal is that the Austinian distinction between illocution and perlocution can be pivotal in this process, since hate speech may be an illocutionary act that is typically tied to the recognition of a speaker’s intention to incite discriminatory hatred, but one which can only be defined if one takes into account its speaker’s intended perlocutionary effects; that is, the intention of the speaker to trigger a particular kind of response from some audience. Against this backdrop, I turn to show how a reworked Searlean notion of felicity conditions can be usefully applied in the delineation of hate speech under this legal conception.
The Multi-Component Model for the semantic analysis of slurs
Authors: Technau Björn
Published: February 2020

The semantics of slur terms has provoked some debate within the philosophy of language, and different analysis models have been proposed to account for the complex meaning of these terms. The present paper acknowledges the complexity of the matter and presents an analysis model that is inspired by multiple-component approaches to slurs, such as those by Camp (2018) and Jeshion (2018). The Multi-Component Model for the semantic analysis of slurs (MCM) tracks down altogether four meaning components in group-based slur terms: a referential and a pejorative meaning component (being xy and despicable because of it), as well as a scalar component capturing the term’s individual degree of offensiveness, and an expressive component indexing heightened emotions in all contexts of use. The notion of individual offensiveness degrees (that are fed by a multitude of semantic, pragmatic, and/or extralinguistic sources) allows us to account for the differences between slurs for the same ethnic group (such as nigger, negro, coon, darkie for Blacks); and the separation of the expressive component from the pejorative component can (1) explain the high frequency of non-pejorative uses, and (2) correctly describe these uses as expressive.
High‐level athletes’ motivation for sport and susceptibility to doping: The mediating role of eating behaviours
Authors: Scoffier‐Mériaux Stéphanie , d'Arripe‐Longueville Fabienne , Woodman Tim , Lentillon‐Kaestner Vanessa , Corrion Karine
Published: February 2020

Both doping (e.g. Hodge, K., Hargreaves, E. A., Gerrard, D. F., & Lonsdale, C. (2013). Psychological mechanisms underlying doping attitudes in sport: Motivation and moral disengagement. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35, 419–432.) and eating behaviours (e.g. Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Harris, J. (2006). From psychological need satisfaction to intentional behaviour: Testing a motivational sequence in two behavioural contexts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 131–148.) have been studied independently within the SDT framework, but no research has examined these variables concomitantly to better understand the relationships between motivation for sport and doping variables. We therefore examined the mediating role of eating behaviour in the relationship between SDT constructs for sport motivation and athletes’ susceptibility to doping. Bootstrapped mediation analyses were performed for 171 male and female athletes with competitive experience in various sports. The analyses revealed that healthy eating behaviours significantly mediated the relationship between SDT motivational constructs and susceptibility to doping. The findings enrich our theoretical understanding of how the SDT approach to motivation for sport might provide insight into the susceptibility to doping; that is, through the potential mediating role of healthy eating behaviours. Finally, the potential central position of eating behaviours in the motivation‐doping relationship opens up a potential swathe of novel research, with investigations into eating behaviours at the forefront of future research on the psychology of doping.
Preliminary study of iodine analysis in food using epithermal method of neutron activation analysis in TRIGA 2000 reactor pneumatic system facility
Authors: Syahfitri W Y N , Lestiani D D , Adventini N , Atmodjo D P D , Kusmartini I , Sari D K , Kurniawati S , Damastuti E , Santoso M
Published: February 2020

Iodine in food usually presents in low-level concentration, so it is not easy for measurement by thermal NAA related to the high background of the Compton. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop the iodine analysis method in a food matrix, so that the iodine analysis method is obtained, which is guaranteed the validity. In this activity, a number of 50 mg of SRM NIST 1548a Typical Diet, IPE sample and standard were irradiated in a pneumatic system facility at TRIGA 2000 reactor with the power of 700 KW by covering sample using cadmium plates to absorb thermal neutrons. The results of the iodine-128 spectrum analysis at 442.3 Kev in the GENIE 2000 software showed a good prospect for iodine detection, with a limit of detection (LOD) is 0.19 mg/kg. The results of the validation method by accuracy and precision testing stated with % Recovery and RSDr each ranged between 93.6-103.1% and 16.33-16.60, respectively. This data have good agreement with accuracy and precision. Criteria the preliminary study, it can be concluded that iodine at food matrices could be determined using epithermal NAA.
Hot deformation behavior and processing map of ultrafine-grained pure zirconium refined by compounding
Authors: Han Peisheng , Ma Weijie , Zhu XiaoYu , Li Yanwei , Yang XiRong , Wang Xiaogang
Published: February 2020

An ultrafine-grained (UFG) pure zirconium(Zr) refined by compounding with a size of Φ4 × 6 mm was subjected to a unidirectional compression test using a Gellble-3800 thermal simulation tester at the temperature of 300 °C–450 °C and a strain rate range of 0.001–0.05 s−1. Experimental results showed that the flow stress of UFG pure Zr refined by compounding is highly sensitive to temperature and strain rate, and the peak stress decreases with increase in deformation temperature and increases with increase in strain rate. The Arrhenius constitutive equation based on the experimental data can effectively predict peak stress in actual thermal deformation, The correlation coefficient between the actual value and the predicted value can reach as high as 0.99722. With the increase in deformation temperature and the decrease in strain rate, the UFG pure Zr refined by compounding otably undergoes dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. These findings are based on the hot processing map and microstructure characteristics of UFG pure Zr refined by compounding. The optimal hot-working windows are determined to be in the deformation temperature of 320 °C–360 °C with strain rate of 0.005–0.01 s−1 and the deformation temperature of 410–450 °C with strain rate of 0.003–0.01 s−1.