bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC DEBT ON MOROCCAN ECONOMIC GROWTH: ARDL APPROACH
Authors: FAKIH Mohamed AIT EL
Published: July 2021

In this study, we investigate the impact of public debt (External-domestic debts) on Moroccan economic growth in both the short and long run during the period time of 1998-2018 drawing on The ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound
test) model. The ARDL approach aims to test the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables included in a model. The results show that external debt has a negative and statistically significant effect on economic growth
in both the long and short run. In addition, domestic debt has a negative and statistically significant impact on economic growth in the short run. Nonetheless, it has a negative and insignificant influence on economic growth in
the long run. Moreover, it can be perceived from the Granger causality test that there is only one unidirectional causality running from GDP per capita to External debt. Based on the findings, we concluded that the government should
minimize public debt in order to improve economic growth. To put it another way, the Moroccan government should seek techniques or strategies for reducing debt, or the debt borrowed by the government should be utilized properly,
such as using debt to encourage and stimulate investments and therefore accelerate economic growth.
EXAMINING THE SOCIAL COHESION OF DEAF WOMEN
Authors: Nevin ÇELİK Şaziye , VAR Esra ÇALIK
Published: July 2021

İşitme engeli olan bireyler konuşulanları anlama ve düşündüklerini ifade edebilme becerilerinden belirli ölçüde yoksun kaldığı için temel erişilebilirlik sorunlarına sahiptir. Araştırma, özel gereksinimi ve toplumsal cinsiyet etkileri
nedeniyle sosyal uyum sorunları yaşayan işitme engeli olan kadınlarla yapılmıştır. Araştırma nicel ve nitel araştırma yönteminin birlikte kullanıldığı karma model ile tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 30 işitme engeli olan kadın katılmış,
15 kadın ile ayrıca derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel kısmında Craig Engellilik Değerlendirme ve Bildirme Tekniği Kısa Formu ve araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan anket veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmış,
nitel görüşmelerde ise yarı yapılandırılmış sorular kullanılmıştır. Kadınlarla iletişim kurmak için işaret dili kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre; ölçekten alınan puanların katılımcıların yaşı, medeni durumu,
özel eğitim alma durumu ve kültürel etkinliklere katılım sıklığına göre farklılaşmadığı, öğrenim düzeyi, sosyal etkinliklerine katılım sıklığı, işitme derecesi, bir kulübe üye olma durumlarının ölçeğin alt boyutlarına göre farklılık
gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Nitel bulgularda ise iletişim, eğitim, istihdam ve sağlıkta yaşanan sosyal uyumu etkileyen güçlükler belirlenmiştir.
PAINTING ART AT THE POINT OF CONSUMPTION
Authors: ŞEN Emre
Published: July 2021

Hepimizin bildiği üzere devir artık tüketim devridir. Yiyeceği/giyeceği nasıl ki ihtiyaç dahilinde almıyor, adeta tüketmek için yarışıyorsak kültür ve sanatta da bu aşamaya ne yazık ki geldik. Uzun yıllardır kültür adamlarının “kültür
endüstrisi, kültür tüketimi” gibi isimlerle adlandırdığı bu süreç artık hızla yayılıyor. Çağdaş sanat fuarları, bienal ve galerilerin geldiği noktaya bakınca bu süreç ve sanatı tüketme hızımız da açıkça görülmektedir. Uzun yıllar
görmezden gelinen sanat, şimdi özellikle gençlerin olmazsa olmazı durumuna gelmiştir. Sanatın, aslında en genel anlamda özünde yer alan karşı koymak ve muhalefet duygusu sanatseverlere de sirayet etmiştir. Dolayısıyla da “sanatsever”
yerine “sanat tüketicisi” tabirini kullanmak yanlış bir terim olmayacaktır. Estetik algısı, haz alma duyusu olmadan tanımlayamadıkları bir heyecan ile ilerliyorlar. Tam manasıyla “serbest bölge” olan sanat alanında sanatçı istediği
malzemeden, istediği eseri üretir, istediği mesajı da verir. Sanat izleyicisinin o mesajı nasıl yorumladığı, eserde ne görmek, eserden ne almak istediği kendisine kalmıştır. Sanatçı eserini üretirken sanat izleyicisi ile bağ kurmak
isterse bunu zaten yapıyor, eğer istemezse kimsenin eleştirme şansı yoktur. Bununla birlikte, sanatsal ürünlerin tüketiminin belirli bir yönü daha fazla ilgiyi hak ediyor. Sanat tüketiminde insan sermayesi girdisinin ağır
etkisidir. Sanat alanında edinilen kültürel yeterlilik, sanat davranışının hem sıklığını hem de kalitesini etkiler. Yeterlilik gerekliliği, sanatın işlevi ve bir sosyal ayrım aracı olarak sanat tüketimi ile de ilgilidir.
Hongos en semillas de Pinus montezumae Lamb. y Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl. almacenadas bajo dos humedades relativas
Authors: Vazquez Lopez Merari Sujey , Vazquez Badillo Mario Ernesto , Bautista Adriana Antonio , Rico Arturo Mancera
Published: July 2021

Las semillas de pinos durante su almacenamiento pueden presentar hongos que deterioran su calidad. El objetivo de la presente investigación consistió en identificar los géneros fúngicos que se asocian a las semillas de Pinus montezumae y P. greggii en dos humedades relativas (HR). Se les almacenó a 60 y 80 % de HR a 5 °C. Los muestreos se hicieron durante 180 días. Se evaluó el contenido de humedad de semilla (HS), las semillas libres de hongos (SLH); y se identificaron los géneros de los hongos (GH) por la morfología de sus colonias. En HS y SLH se aplicó un diseño experimental completamente al azar y se hizo una comparación de medias. Todas las fuentes de variación fueron significativas. La HS media por especie fue de 9.59 y de 12.37 %; la SLH de 64.52 y 69.28 % para P. greggii y P. montezumae, respectivamente. En la semilla de P. greggii almacenada a 60 HR, la HS fue de 7.97 %, con 66.19 % en SLH y a 80 HR, de 11.21 % y 62.85 % en SLH. Para P. montezumae a 60 HR, la HS fue de 10.21 % y de 71.42 % en SLH; a 80 HR, la HS fue de 14.53 % y 67.14 % en SLH. Los GH identificados que promueven el deterioro de las semillas fueron: Alternaria sp, que en P. greggii a 60 HR no se observó; Penicillium sp incrementó y predominó a partir de los 120 días; Fusarium sp. fue constante; de forma esporádica se presentaron Aspergillus sp y Rizhopus sp.
Occurrence, Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Phytoplasma Infecting Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) from Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, T. K. S Latha , S Rajamanickam ,   Department of Plant Pathology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, G Karthikeyan ,   Department of Plant Pathology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Prabakar ,   Department of Plant Pathology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: July 2021

Phytoplasma is an obligate prokaryote infecting a wide array of crops such as urdbean, sesame, brinjal and many other vegetable crops in India. Several workers have noticed the recent outbreak of phytoplasma disease in several pulse crops. A study was conducted to identify the phytoplasma infection in chickpea from Tamil Nadu. The average disease incidence due to phytoplasma was recorded with a range of 5-20% under field condition. The infected plants produced symptoms including stunting of plants, bushy appearance, reduced leaf size, chlorosis and reddening of infected leaves. The association of phytoplasma with these symptoms was confirmed by nested PCR assay using the universal primers P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2. The infected samples were amplified with an amplicon size of 1.2 kb and sequence analysis showed more than 99% similarity with phytoplasma belongs to Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences confirmed the chickpea phyllody phytoplasma forms a single subgroup with other Indian isolates of various crops.
Strategic Approaches for Outdoor Cultivation of Paddy Straw Mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) as Intercrop Under different Cropping Systems
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, G Thiribhuvanamala , A. S Krishnamoorthy ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, C Kavitha ,   Department of Fruit Crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Kamal Shwet ,   Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan, Chambaghat, Himachal Pradesh, Kumar Anil ,   Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan, Chambaghat, Himachal Pradesh, V.P Sharma ,   Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan, Chambaghat, Himachal Pradesh
Published: July 2021

The present study aimed to selectpotential strainof Volvariella volvacea suitable for outdoor cultivation in different cropping systems like Banana, Maize, Coconut, Coconut+Banana where such suitable microclimate prevails. Among the different strains of V.volvaceatested, the strain Vv-19-06 obtained from Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan,performed considerably superior with higher bioefficiency of 17.44 and sturdy sporophores at egg stage and storage life of 1.1 days under refrigerated condition.Moreover, the morphogenesis of button stage to matured mushrooms were extended up to 1.8 days and the opened mushroom were retained on the bed for another 1.6 days, which is an added advantage.Cultivation of paddy straw mushroom as intercrop in Banana, Maize, Banana+coconut and Coconut cropping systems proved successful with spawn running completion ranging from 8 to 10.3 days, pinhead formation ranging from 9.3 to 11.6 days and harvestable button/egg stage appeared ranging from 11 to 12.6 days. The bioefficiency was comparatively better in all the cropping systems, which ranged from 19.4 to 20.6 %, with a total cropping cycle of 20.5 to 22 days.The indoor cropping system, which requires additional cost for infrastructure, also recorded bioefficiecy of 21.3 in a cropping cycle of 17 days. In all the cropping systems tested, the B:C ratio worked out to be 1:2.3 to 1:2.5 as in indoor cropping system proving that paddy straw mushroomcould be promoted for the outdoor systemin Maize, Banana, Banana +coconut , Coconut cropping systems as intercrop as it fetches additional income to rice-growing farmers.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Zainab  , Saeed Khalid , Ammara  , Ahmad Shujaat , Ahmad Hanif , Ullah Farhat , Sadiq Abdul , Uddin Ala , Khan Idrees , Ahmad Manzoor
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from their precursor was carried out using Delphinium uncinatum and Erythrophyleum guineense plants extracts. The Au NPs obtained were characterized by various instrumental techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV/Visible (UV/VIS) spectrophotometer. The SEM study presented that E. guineense (GE) and D. uncinatum (GN) synthesized gold nanoparticles was below 100 and 300 nm, respectively.  The micrographs also presented that E. guineense (GE) synthesized gold particles had irregular round shaped while the D. uncinatum (GN) synthesized nanoparticles had cylindrical shaped. The XRD spectra presented peaks at about 38.1°, 44.43°, 64.6° and 77.64° can be indexed to (111), (200), (220) and (311) orientation, respectively, which confirmed the presence of gold nanoparticles. It means that both E. guineense (GE) and D. uncinatum (GN) synthesized gold nanoparticles are highly crystalline.  The UV/VIS analysis presented that both plant extracts significantly reduced the gold slat and as a result high quantity of gold nanoparticles were formed. The E. guanense gold NP and D. uncinatum gold NPs were investigated for their in-vitro cholinesterases inhibitory potentials in 62.5-1000 µg/mL concentrations range. The bioactivity results presented that the loading of the test samples in gold NPs enhanced their AChE and BChE inhibitory potentials.
 
Resumen. La síntesis verde de nanopartículas de oro (NP de Au) se llevó a cabo mediante extractos de plantas de Delphinium uncinatum y Erythrophyleum guineense. Las NP de Au obtenidas se caracterizaron mediante diversas técnicas instrumentales como microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), dispersión de energía de rayos X (EDX), difracción de rayos X (XRD) y espectrofotómetro UV / Visible (UV / Vis). El estudio SEM reveló tamaños de las nanopartículas de oro sintetizadas por E. guineense (GE) y D. uncinatum (GN) por debajo de 100 y 300 nm, respectivamente. Las micrografías también mostraron que las partículas de oro sintetizadas por E. guineense (GE) tenían una forma redonda irregular, mientras que las nanopartículas sintetizadas por D. uncinatum (GN) tenían una forma cilíndrica. Los patrones XRD presentaron picos a aproximadamente 38.1 °, 44.43 °, 64.6 ° y 77.64 ° pueden indexarse ​​a la orientación (111), (200), (220) y (311), respectivamente, lo que confirmó la presencia de nanopartículas de oro cristalinas. El análisis UV / Vis mostró que ambos extractos de plantas formaron nanopartículas de oro. Se investigaron las NP de oro como inhibidores de colinesterasas in vitro en un intervalo de concentraciones de 62.5 a 1000 µg / ml. Los resultados de la bioactividad mostraron que la carga de las muestras de prueba en NP de oro mejoró sus potenciales inhibidores de AChE y BChE.
Extraction and Characterization of Oil from Pistachio Nutshell
Authors: Haque SK Manirul
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The soxhlet extractor was applied to extract the oil from a pistachio nutshell. The proposed technique was accurate and straightforward for extraction, and the percentage yield was quite acceptable. Solubility and density of the extracted oil were also determined. The acid and saponification value indicated the amount of free fatty acid available and can be used to prepare soap in the industry. The saponification value was found to be 270.4 to 274.5 mg KOH/g of the extracted oil. The other vital parameters like % ash content, % crude fibre, peroxide value, and iodine value were determined and indicated the oil stability for consumption and oxidation. Phenolic compounds and alcohol present in the oil are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All results were reproducible and easily adapted to extract oil from different waste materials as routine extraction and valuable technique.
 
Resumen. Se utilizó un extractor soxhlet para extraer el aceite de las cáscaras de pistacho. La técnica propuesta es precisa y sencilla para la extracción, y el porcentaje de rendimiento fue bastante bueno. También se determinaron la solubilidad y la densidad del aceite extraído. El valor de acidez y saponificación muestra la cantidad de ácidos grasos libres disponible y se puede utilizar para preparar jabón en la industria. Se determinó que el valor de saponificación fue de 270.4 a 274.5 mg de KOH g-1 del aceite extraído. También se determinaron los parámetros vitales como los porcentajes de contenido de cenizas, de fibra cruda, índice de peróxido e índice de yodo e indicaron la estabilidad del aceite para el consumo y su oxidación. Los compuestos fenólicos y el alcohol presentes en el aceite se confirmaron mediante espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier. Todos los resultados fueron reproducibles y se adaptaron fácilmente para extraer aceite de diferentes materiales de desecho como extracción de rutina y es una técnica valiosa.
COMPETENCIAS DIGITALES EN EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Authors: Sánchez Olavarría César , Carrasco Lozano María Elza Eugenia
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el nivel de desarrollo de las competencias digitales en estudiantes de comunicación e innovación educativa de una universidad pública. La investigación se ha llevado a cabo a través de un estudio de corte cuantitativo descriptivo-expostfacto Se trabajó con estudiantes de comunicación e innovación educativa de una universidad pública. Se elaboró un cuestionario “adhoc” que incluyó cuatro aspectos: datos sociodemográficos, acceso a las TIC, competencias digitales genéricas y académicas. Los resultados muestran que el 90% de los estudiantes cuentan con algún dispositivo con acceso a internet. El 30% de las competencias digitales genéricas muestra un mejor nivel de desarrollo en los varones con respecto a las mujeres, pero en las competencias restantes no se observó diferencias significativas entre ellos. Se concluye que la mayoría de los estudiantes utiliza el tiempo de navegación para el entretenimiento y esparcimiento, por lo que el tiempo para la realización de actividades académicas es reducido. Los estudiantes muestran un nivel aceptable en la mayor parte de las competencias digitales.
LA TECNOLOGÍA Y LA EDUCACIÓN EN DANZA: UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA EN WOS (2011-2021)
Authors: De las Heras Fernández Rosa , Cisneros-Álvarez Pablo
Published: July 2021

La danza se ha utilizado de forma transversal en la escuela para el aprendizaje de contenidos de otras áreas, usando herramientas como robots. Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios sobre los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje que incluyan la incorporación de las tecnologías digitales. Así pues, el presente trabajo expone una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva de la literatura científica más relevante en los últimos diez años sobre la educación en danza y la presencia de la tecnología. Se ahonda en diferentes etapas y contextos educativos, tanto formales como no formales. Se hace referencia a Educación Infantil, reflexionando sobre la escasa presencia de la danza, así como en Primaria, aunque en esta etapa predomina el uso de los videojuegos y aplicaciones. En Enseñanzas Superiores se incide en herramientas como el vídeo, las plataformas web, sensores y la docencia online. Las conclusiones ponen de manifiesto que las tecnologías digitales son herramientas para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la danza que suponen una manera diferente de abordar los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales y que ayudan a la motivación del alumnado, así como al desarrollo integral del alumnado.
Análisis de cuatro novelas juveniles para la coeducación
Authors: Ramos Cambero María del Mar , Saneleuterio Elia
Published: July 2021

Las iniciativas orientadas a cuestionar los llamados estereotipos de género van en aumento, en la medida en que se han relacionado con la progresiva erradicación de ideas sexistas y conductas violentas machistas. Entre dichas iniciativas, este estudio se inscribe en aquellas enmarcadas en contextos educativos, dado el arraigo que encuentran entre jóvenes y adolescentes. Concretamente, nos centramos en la formación literaria, por el importante papel que desempeña en la educación integral. Teniendo en cuenta que la narrativa realista y la amorosa son subgéneros privilegiados para adentrarnos en el imaginario colectivo, el objetivo principal es analizar cuatro novelas juveniles de éxito en nuestro país, desde la perspectiva de género, para identificar estereotipos en los que deberíamos hacer hincapié en la formación docente. El método utilizado se divide en tres fases: preanálisis, diseño del instrumento 8D_EG (tabla de análisis ad hoc basada en una validación previa que obtuvo un CVI 0,709) y aplicación al corpus, formado por obras de autoría femenina y masculina publicadas entre 1997 y 2017. Los resultados identifican los estereotipos más recurrentes: ellos suelen recurrir a la fuerza, en tanto que ellas lloran y son representadas como objeto sexual. Tras la discusión a la luz de investigaciones previas se concluye que dichos estereotipos se detectan especialmente en las novelas de finales del siglo XX —sin diferencias significativas según el sexo de quien las escribió—, mientras que en las obras más actuales se evidencia una gradual disminución, pero no extinción, menos acusada en la novela de autoría masculina.
Conceptualización de las competencias: Revisión sistemática de su investigación en Educación Primaria
Authors: Ortiz-Revilla Jairo , Greca Ileana María , Adúriz-Bravo Agustín
Published: July 2021

El estudio de las competencias registra una amplia trayectoria investigadora. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, tanto este concepto como su andamiaje teórico han suscitado algunas cuestiones relevantes que deben ser reconsideradas. El propósito de esta investigación es revelar información existente en la literatura para ayudar a elucidar la conceptualización de competencia y a comprender su significatividad en el sistema educativo actual, fundamentalmente en la etapa de Educación Primaria. Se presenta una síntesis del surgimiento y evolución del constructo y una revisión sistemática sobre su investigación en Educación Primaria. Los resultados apuntan a la década de 2010 como el periodo con más producción científica, con una tendencia al alza. En cuanto al perfil general de publicaciones, tres cuartos de la muestra corresponden a artículos de corte empírico y la mayoría se ubican en el continente europeo, siendo España el país que encabeza la lista. El análisis en profundidad revela que casi el total de los estudios aborda las dimensiones competenciales más tradicionales; es pequeño el subconjunto que trata una mayor variedad de dimensiones. La vertiente conceptual que asume las competencias desde una mirada técnica/profesionalizante supone una mayoría, frente a una visión más humanista/formadora. Solo un cuarto muestral presenta definiciones propias del término, versus tres cuartas partes que adoptan marcos teóricos ya consolidados. A la luz de estos resultados, se considera que en la literatura todavía se encuentra una visión poco meditada del constructo. Todos estos hallazgos podrían ayudar a desarrollar propuestas didácticas más coherentes con las necesidades educativas actuales.
The educational potential of video games in the deconstruction of hegemonic masculinity through the VIGLIAM method (Video Games Literacy From Alternative Masculinities)
Authors: Triviño Cabrera Laura , Muñoz-Guerado Alejandro , Bernárdez-Rodal Asunción
Published: July 2021

Generally, male video game characters represent a hegemonic masculinity based on a patriarchal system that shows as a protagonist and dominant a white, western, heterosexual, wealthy male, disabled man and anti-ecologist.  Videogames are one of the most consumed entertainment industry products worldwide. For students, video games are spaces where to find their masculine identity. Therefore, education must include video games. Video games are used as an educational resource for the improvement of the teaching-learning process of students. However, the aim of this study is to propose a didactic method untitled VIGLIAM (acronym for Video Games Literacy from Alternative Masculinities). From this method, firstly, students deconstruct critically the hegemonic masculinity of the characters in video games. Secondly, students build critically and creatively alternative masculinities that promote a fairer and more equal society. From this way, students develop empowering and empathetic skills from categories as gender, race, class, sexual orientation, body and nature. In short, this research is part of masculinities studies in the area of education and it is fundamental in the light of the emergence of posmachism that arises given the possibility of the loss of male privilege.
THE ANALYSIS OF EFFECT SIZE AND THE EFFECT OF TEACHING MATERIALS BASED ON PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) ON STUDENTS’ COMPETENCE
Authors: Syamina Syamina , Asrizal Asrizal , Festiyed Festiyed
Published: July 2021

Science in the 21st century continues to develop. With these developments, Indonesia must prepare young people who are ready for change and able to face the challenges that exist in the 21st century. The 21st century has more complex challenges. Various efforts have been made by the government to meet the demands of the 21st century, including reforming educational standards. The 2013 curriculum requires students to be active in the learning process. Learning methods and models that are expected to be able to develop students' abilities, and in accordance with the implementation of the 2013 curriculum, are problem-based learning. Therefore, researchers are interested in finding the effect of PBL-based teaching on student learning outcomes through meta-analysis with effect size. Based on the analysis conducted on 20 journals related to PBL-based teaching materials, there are three conclusions in this study. First, PBL-based teaching materials are effectively used at the junior and senior high school levels with a high effect size category. Second, PBL-based teaching materials have the highest category of effectiveness in improving science process skills. Third, based on the teaching materials used, teaching materials in the form of electronic media (IT) based on PBL are effective in improving student learning outcomes.
Drug Safety Monitoring Information
Authors: Shubnikova E. V. , Zhuravleva E. O. , Velts N. Yu. , Giulakhmedova P. M. , Druzhinina A. A.
Published: July 2021

Analysis of administrative decisions of foreign regulatory authorities on the recall of medicines and/or the need for changes in the instructions for their medical use due to changes in the safety proﬁle, conducted by experts of the Scientiﬁc Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products revealed 19 administrative decisions. These decisions contained information on the following medicines registered in Russia: amikacin, tobramycin, gentamicin, neomycin, ciproﬂoxacin, delaﬂoxacin, levoﬂoxacin, lomeﬂoxacin, moxiﬂoxacin, norﬂoxacin, oﬂoxacin, peﬂoxacin, pruliﬂoxacin, ruﬂoxacin, сeftriaxone, ceftaroline, rifapentine, tigecycline, bacitracin, ertapenem, daptomycin, erythromycin, fosfomycin, ampicillin+sulbactam, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine.
Limits for the Content of Heavy Metals and Arsenic as a Means of Ensuring Safe Use of Herbal Medicinal Products
Authors: Galenko M. S. , Gravel I. V. , Velts N. Yu. , Alyautdin R. N.
Published: July 2021

Herbal medicinal products (HMPs) are widely used in medical practice due to their availability, ease of use, and relatively safe pharmacological proﬁle. However, medicinal plants are capable of accumulating heavy metals and arsenic which can have toxic eﬀect on the human body when found in HMPs. The aim of the study was to summarise and analyse requirements of the Russian and foreign pharmacopoeias for the limits of heavy metals and arsenic in HMPs. National and regional pharmacopoeias have limits for the content of the major toxic elements (lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and arsenic) in HMPs. The study showed that the Indian and Japanese pharmacopoeias include only semi-quantitative methods for determination of heavy metals and arsenic, while the Russian and Chinese pharmacopoeias allow for the use of both quantitative and semi-quantitative methods. It was demonstrated that the limits for heavy metals and arsenic are the same for herbal substances and HMPs. The development of consistent approaches to determination of heavy metals and arsenic content, a systematic transition to quantitative methods of analysis, and establishment of individual limits for toxic elements in diﬀerent HMP dosage forms, will make it possible to achieve the so-called consistent harmonisation, ensure reliable assessment of the content of heavy metals and arsenic, and minimize the risk of their entering human body with HMPs.
Study of Safety of Medicinal Products in Pregnant Women in Crimea
Authors: Matveev A. V. , Egorova E. A. , Krasheninnikov A. E. , Konyaeva E. I.
Published: July 2021

According to international epidemiological studies, about 80% of women have to use medicinal products during pregnancy, mainly during the ﬁrst weeks of organogenesis in the case of an unplanned pregnancy, and for the treatment of chronic diseases or acute conditions developing during pregnancy. Speciﬁcity of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in pregnant women contributes to the development of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), many of which are serious and pose a threat to the life of the patient. The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the frequency and development of ADRs in pregnant women living in the Republic of Crimea, based on the data in the regional safety database ARCADe (Adverse Reactions in Crimea, Autonomic Database). Materials and methods: the authors analysed spontaneous ADR reports registered in the ARCADe database from 1 January 2009 until 31 December 2018 for the category of patients described as “Pregnant women/childbirth”. Results: during the speciﬁed period, 268 ADR cases in pregnant women were added to the database. The most common reasons of ADRs in this category of patients were antibacterials for systemic use (130 cases, 48.5%), agents that have an eﬀect on haematopoiesis and blood (54 cases, 20.15%), and agents that have an eﬀect on the functions of the gastrointestinal tract (29 cases, 10.82%). The study of ADR clinical manifestations revealed a high incidence of local allergic reactions (140 cases, 52.2%), inhibition of haematopoiesis (60 cases, 22.4%), and dyspepsia (36 cases, 13.4%). The analysis of the severity of the registered ADRs demonstrated that in 15 cases (5.6%) the use of the prescribed medicinal product posed a threat to the patient’s life and required urgent pharmacotherapy and discontinuation of the suspected medicine, in 8 cases (3%) it resulted in hospitalisation or prolongation of hospital treatment, and in 3 cases (1.12%) it resulted in the temporary inability to work. Conclusions: the results of the study indicate the need for further retrospective and prospective studies aimed at analysing the safety of medicine use in pregnant women and assessing the risks of toxic eﬀects on the foetus.
Numerical simulation of the ground distribution of the field strength of an on-board low-frequency transmitter located in the ionosphere.
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mokhovaya str., 11-7, Moscow 125009, Russia, Moshkov A.V.
Published: July 2021

Projects of active experiments in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere of the Earth and planets often include powerful low-frequency transmitters installed on-board of a spacecraft. Such sources are very effective, but their radiation is extremely heterogeneous in space because of the anisotropy of the ionospheric plasma due to the presence of the magnetic field of the Earth. This paper is devoted to numerical modeling of a distribution of the wave field strength near the Earth surface. The work examines a specific active wave experiment with a 20 m loop as a transmitting antenna. The satellite is assumed to orbit with an inclination of 82.5 degrees at an average altitude of 1000 km. All calculations are performed in linear approximation using the cold magneto-active plasma model. The computation model uses ray approximation everywhere except for the highly heterogeneous lower ionosphere, where a full wave equations set is applied. It is shown that the maximum magnetic field value is decreased with increasing of the geomagnetic latitude value and the strength range is 1… 2 nA/m for frequency 10 kHz and loop current 100 A. The magnitude of the vertical component of the electric field lies in the range of 0.4 ... 0.8 μV/m. An average Doppler frequency shift is equal to ~0.4 Hz. A comparison is made between the data of the numerical experiment and the results of simple estimations of the values of the magnetic field strength at the maximum of the ground distribution.
Modeling and analysis of wavering redistribution of energy in the presence of its own electromagnetic radiation in key electronic circuits on MOS transistors.
Authors:   MIREA - Russian Technological University, Vernadskogo prosp., 78, Moscow 119454, Russia, Boikov K.A.
Published: July 2021

For the first time, a simplified model of the redistribution of vibrational energy in a MOS transistor has been developed and analyzed. The transistor is turned on in open drain mode and in inverter mode. After calculating the parameters, the numerical radio profiles of the signals of the electrical component of electromagnetic radiation, created by the key unit itself, were obtained. An experiment was carried out to register the vibrational redistribution of energy in a MOS transistor using a specially designed sample. The results of registration of a series of radio profiles of signals with the configuration of the universal ports of the sample of a digital device are presented, and a correlation assessment of the reproducibility of the experiment is carried out. The correlation of the radio profiles of the signals obtained as a result of modeling and as a result of the experiment is not lower than 0.93. This testifies to the correctness of the developed models. On the basis of the presented development, a correlation assessment of the radiation of a reference sample and a sample with a slight deviation of parameters has been carried out. Even with a slight change in the parameters of the key node associated with degradation of the gate dielectric, the cross-correlation in the normal state and with a defect r < 0.7, which indicates a significant difference in the signal radio profile of normal functioning and with deterioration of parameters. The proposed models can be used in passive radio-wave technical diagnostics based on the registration of the electrical component of electromagnetic radiation generated by the radio-electronic devices themselves and opens up new possibilities for diagnosing malfunctions at the early stages of their occurrence.
‘Tobolyak’: an oat cultivar for universal use
Authors: Fomina M. N. , Ivanova Yu. S. , Pay O. A. , Bragin N. A.
Published: July 2021

Background.An urgent problem is the development and introduction of cultivars for universal use that can meet the demand of animal husbandry for various types of feed and that of food industry for raw materials. Of great interest in this regard is ‘Tobolyak’, a new spring oat cultivar characterized by a high yield of grain and green biomass.Materials and methods.The cultivar was developed at the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern TransUrals, a branch of the Tyumen Scientific Centre, Siberian Branch of the RAS, using hybridization techniques with subsequent selection. The cultivars used as source material for hybridization were ‘Tayoznik’ (Narym Agricultural Station, Tomsk Province) and ‘Orion’ (Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture, Omsk Province).Results.It is a mid-ripening cultivar, with the growing season of 71 to 83 days from sprouting to wax ripeness; its plants are medium-tall (89.6 to 120.2 cm), and resistant to lodging. The average grain yield for the years of study (2014–2019) under the environmental conditions of the northern forest-steppe (Tyumen Province) was 5.88 t/ha (+0.41 t/ha to the reference). The maximum grain yield (7.97 t/ha) was obtained in 2019 at the Lower Tavda Variety Testing Plot, Tyumen Province. The cultivar formed a grain with the test weight of 459.5–527.0 g/l and a low hull content of 22.1–25.1%. The yield of green biomass varied from 31.4 to 47.3 t/ha, depending on the growing conditions, and averaged 37.7 t/ha in 2014–2019 (+7.3 t/ha to the reference). Dry matter harvest averaged 11.76 t/ha (+1.54 t/ha to the reference), ranging from 8.62 to 14.56 t/ha.Conclusion.The new spring oat cultivar ‘Tobolyak’ for universal use has been listed the State Register for Selection Achievements since 2020 and recommended for cultivation in regions 10, 11 and 12 of the Russian Federation.
The effect of temperature regimes on laboratory germination rates and germination energy of Astragalus L.
Authors: Kornievskaya T. V.
Published: July 2021

Background. The temperature regime has a significant effect on the enzymatic activity of seeds. Optimum temperatures trigger physical and chemical reactions in the seed and initiate its germination. The optimum temperature depends on the environmental and geographical conditions in the area of a taxon’s origin and is determined experimentally.Materials and methods. The target material of the study were seeds of three Astragalus L. species (A. cicer L., A. onobrychis L., and A. sulcatus L.) collected from young generative plants introduced in the dry-steppe zone of Kulunda. The effect of temperature conditions (+4…+8°C, +10…+20°C, +20…+32°C) and species-specific attribution of Astragalus plants on laboratory seed germination percentage and energy was studied using the two-factor analysis of variance. The assessment of laboratory seed germination was carried out according to the guidelines by M. M. Ishmuratova and K. G. Tkachenko.Results. The analysis of variance showed a significant effect of the temperature regime (51–54%) and species specificity (23–24%) on the germination percentage rate and germination energy of Astragalus seeds. The seeds of A. onobrychis germinated under a wide range of positive temperatures (from +4…+8°C to +20…+32°C). The temperature range of +10…+20°C was optimal for A. onobrychis and A. sulcatus, with 100% germination. The optimum temperature that determined the maximum laboratory germination of A. cicer seeds was in the range of +20…+32°C. Low positive temperatures (+4…+8°C) were not effective for germination of A. cicer seeds.Conclusion. The optimum temperature conditions for germination of Astragalus seeds were identified: +10…+20°C for A. onobrychis and A. sulcatus, and +20…+32°C for A. cicer.
The effect of responses to vernalization, photoperiodism, and earliness per se of barley accessions from Dagestan on the duration of the period from shooting to heading
Authors: Zveinek I. A. , Abdullaev R. A. , Batasheva B. A. , Radchenko E. E.
Published: July 2021

Background. Paratypic variability of the development rates of barley accessions from the Republic of Dagestan was analyzed for five years in the Northwe st of Russia (Pushkin, St. Petersburg) and in the North Caucasus (Derbent, Dagestan). Responses to vernalization, photoperiodism and earliness per se were tested in contrasting environments to assess their effect on barley development. Such studies make it possible to identify valuable adaptable plant forms in the barley germplasm collection for further use in breeding practice.Materials and methods. In Dagestan, the duration of the period from shooting to heading was measured for 12 samples of barley accessions in winter and spring sowing trials. Twenty samples sown in spring in both regions were compared. An empirical indicator of plant development rate was used for barley: the criterion “the number of days by which the period from shooting to heading of an accession exceeds the minimum across a sample” (DPSH).Results and conclusions. Early barley accessions with a low norm of responsiveness were identified: k-3772, k-15013, k-15034, k-15036, k-15186, k-15192, k-21803 and k-23785 – they combined weak sensitivity to a short photoperiod and vernalizing temperatures, so they are promising for breeding in regions where the length of the growing season is a limiting factor. The effect of the responses of barley accessions from Dagestan to vernalization and a short photoperiod on the duration of the period from shooting to heading was on average 8 (5.1–10.6) days and on their earliness per se 6 (4.8–8.2) days. Paratypic variability reflects the range of variation for these indicators. In Dagestan, vernalization temperatures and insensitivity to a short day are the main factors determining the earliness of local barleys in their native environment.
Valuable agronomic traits of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) accessions from the VIR collection: methods of preparing nodules for long-term storage
Authors: Kon’kova N. G. , Safina G. F.
Published: July 2021

Background. Chufa is one of the most promising rare oilseed crops. The issues of preserving and obtaining highquality seed material are very important. The development of long-term genebank storage techniques for chufa nodules is a pressing task.

Materials and methods. We studied 18 chufa germplasm accessions of various origin. The field study was conducted in 2010–2012 under the environmental conditions of Krasnodar Territory, Russia. Protein and oil content was analyzed according to the guidelines on the methods of quality control and safety of bioactive food additives (R 4.1.1672-03…, 2004); vitamin E according to the guidelines on the methods of analyzing the quality and safety of food products (Skurikhin, Tutelyan, 1987); fatty acid composition in line with IUPAC (1979) and GOST R 512677-2006, using an IIRGCS chromatograph.

Results and conclusions. The study of valuable agronomic characters in chufa accessions showed that the height of plants varied from 49 to 69 cm; the number of nodules per plant from 80 to 110 pcs; the weight of nodules per plant from 18 to 49 g; the weight of nodules per plot (1 m2 ) from 101 to 393 g. Their oil content varied from 13.1 to 21.06 g/100 g, and protein content from 6 to 10%. Chufa accessions contained large amount of vitamin E: 19.23 to 35.23 mg/100 g. The content of saturated fatty acids in chufa oil was 17.75 to 20.99%, monounsaturated fatty acids from 68.21 to 71.55%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids from 9.94 to 12.17%. A technique of preparing chufa nodules for long-term storage was developed. The optimal time to assess germination energy is four days, with 11 days for germination percentage. Storage of chufa nodules for three years at a temperature of +20°C causes a decrease in their germination by 15–16%. When stored under low positive (+4°C) or negative temperatures (–18°C and –196°C), their germination percentage remained unchanged.
Moribundas habladoras: contestaciones al ideario patriarcal en El Conspirador (1892), Incurables (1905) y La rosa muerta (1914)
Authors: Morales Pino Luz Ainai
Published: July 2021

Desde un marco de estudios literarios feministas, este trabajo analiza tres textos de distintos momentos del entre siglos latinoamericano: El Conspirador (Autobiografía de un hombre público) (1892), de la escritora peruana Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera; Incurables, de la venezolana Virginia Gil de Hermoso (1905) y La rosa muerta (1914), de la peruana Aurora Cáceres. El objetivo es ahondar en las maneras en que las mujeres de letras del periodo, en medio de sus distancias éticas, estéticas e ideológicas, confrontaron las  construcciones hegemónicas de lo femenino, tanto desde el ideario burgués-liberal que privilegió elmodelo de la madre republicana y el ángel del hogar paradigmático de la virtud doméstica; como desdeel ideario modernista-decadentista masculino, con la idealización del arquetipo de la bella enferma, labella muerta o la femme fatale. Las protagonistas de estas novelas emprenden proyectos de subjetivación que las desmarcan de la condición genérica impuesta al sujeto/objeto femenino con el descarte de la maternidad y el extrañamiento de la domesticidad; al tiempo que convergen en devenir, en su lecho de muerte, variantes de moribundas habladoras cuya elocuencia y agencia las torna en arquetipos contradiscursivos respecto a la silente, inmóvil, pasiva bella enferma celebrada desde el modernismo decadentista.
Kant: Lo sublime teológico
Authors: Tillería Aqueveque Leopoldo
Published: July 2021

Se sugiere la recepción de lo sublime kantiano como un sentimiento inopinadamente religioso, en otras palabras, como una estética teológica. De cara a la tercera Crítica, y con la precisión de un relojero, el viejo Kant parece equilibrar las nuevas condiciones cosmológicas, religiosas y metafísicas a las que se enfrenta el hombre barroco con la necesidad propiamente teológica de no excluir a Dios de su proyecto filosófico. De este modo, la estética kantiana se revela como fuente de lo religioso, precisamente, a partir del contacto práctico del sujeto con la idea de la divinidad. En esta región, el sujeto pensante encuentra un más allá indeterminado en el que alcanza a tocar, o, si se quiere, sentir la omnipotencia e inmensidad de Dios. Mediante la labor propedéutica de la Analítica de lo sublime, la Crítica de la facultad de juzgar vendría a completar el camino teológico trazado en la segunda Crítica por la razón pura práctica. De manera subrepticia, lo sublime teológico expondría, por un lado, la insistencia de Kant en no abjurar de su férreo puritanismo, y, por otro, su decisión de no ceder ni a la desesperación intelectual ni al terror metafísicoque supone la expulsión de Dios del ámbito de la razón.
Literatura de la levedad. La prosa inicial de Felisberto Hernández
Authors: Rubio Rubio Cecilia Verónica
Published: July 2021

En este artículo, cuyo objeto de estudio es la prosa inicial del escritor uruguayo Felisberto Hernández,que va de 1925 a 1931, y su vinculación con el concepto de levedad propuesto por Ítalo Calvino en su Seis propuestas para el próximo milenio, comenzaré por revisar el estado de la cuestión, empezando por los comentarios admirativos que el propio Calvino prodigó a la obra de Felisberto Hernández, para luego comentar la crítica felisbertiana. En un segundo y tercer lugar, me centraré en la levedad en tanto valor literario y en el análisis de su presencia en la obra felisberteana. Arriesgo aquí una definición y una caracterización del valor de la levedad, que Calvino presentó de manera fluida. Al articular y sistematizar la ocurrencia de la levedad en esta obra temprana, mi objetivo es demostrar que ella hace de la levedad uno de sus rasgos característicos, con lo cual –sin dejar de ser singular– se puede insertar en una tradición literaria que está formada tanto por narradores y obras asociadas a la vanguardia latinoamericana, como por  escritores de tradición europea de siglos pasados. Con esto pretendo contribuir a ir señalando una serie, unatrayectoria y, en definitiva, una tradición literaria común que ocupa un espacio teórico aún poco estudiadoy en la cual una obra como la de Felisberto Hernández encuentra un lugar donde hermanarse.
New locality records and additional information on the Bombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) fauna of Turkey
Authors:   Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, Tezcan S. , Skyrpan I. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine
Published: July 2021

Background. The article presents the results of the research on bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) housed in the Lodos Entomological Museum (Ege University, Izmir, Turkey). Bumblebees play a key role in ecosystems as pollinators. However, these insects are under threat due to changes in land use and agricultural practices, habitat fragmentation and the effects of pesticides. There are 47 Bombus species occuring on the territory of Turkey. The aim of this study is to present new locality records of the material on the Bombus fauna of Turkey preserved in the Lodos Entomological Museum, Turkey. Materials and Methods. The objects of our research were bumblebees collected from different localities of Turkey between 1975 and 2016 and housed in the Lodos Entomological Museum. Insects were collected by researchers, students and amateurs. We used stereoscopic microscope MBS-2 and specialized keys for bumblebee identification. The classification of bumblebees follows P. H. Williams. Results. We analyzed 121 specimens of bumblebees that belong to six species (Bombus terrestris, B. argillaceus, B. hortorum, B. campestris, B. fragrans, B. ruderarius) and Bombus lucorum-complex (including two very similar species Bombus cryptarum and B. lucorum). The information on the specimens’ location and brief notes on the plants on which they were foraging is provided. Five of the analyzed species and Bombus lucorum-complex are listed in the category “Least Concern” of the IUCN Red List. Bombus fragrans is listed as “Endangered” and is under threat from the intensification of agriculture, habitat shifting and alteration, climate change (droughts, temperature extremes), besides this species is also subject to commercial collection. Conclusions. We found new locality records for three Bombus species: B. campestris recorded from Izmir for the first time, B. terrestris – from Kocaeli and B. hortorum from Antalya, Aydın, Eskişehir and Izmir provinces. Further studies aiming to improve the knowledge on Bombus fauna should focus on collecting in little-known areas and some specific habitats of Turkey.