bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superior single-atom and single-cluster catalysts towards electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reactions: a theoretical perspective
Authors: Meng Haihong , Zhao Yinghe , Li Fengyu , Chen Zhongfang
Published: January 2025

The traditional Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis is both energy-intensive and capital-demanding. Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has emerged as a promising, sustainable alternative, with recent advantages highlighting its potential. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) and single-cluster catalysts (SCCs) are promising catalysts for NRR due to their atomically dispersed active sites, maximized atom utilization, and distinctive coordination and electronic structures, all of which facilitate mechanism insights at the atomic level. Benefiting from efficient atom utilization, for example, the ammonia yield rate on Au1/C3N4 is roughly 22.5 times as high as that of supported Au nanoparticles, fully demonstrating the significant advantages of SACs over nanoparticles. In this review, we focus on the theoretical progress in SACs and SCCs for electrocatalyzing NRR, including nitrogenase-like bio-inspired catalysts and other metal-based catalysts. We further examine key adsorption energy and electronic descriptors that enhance our understanding of catalytic performance. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and future directions for advancing SACs and SCCs in electrocatalytic NRR applications.
Aplicación del método de los elementos finitos para el análisis del comportamiento sísmico de la mezquita-catedral de Córdoba
Authors: Requena-García-Cruz María-Victoria , Romero-Sánchez Emilio , Morales-Esteban Antonio , Fernández-Pérez Natalia
Published: January 2025

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es aplicar el método de los elementos finitos para el modelado del sector de Abd’ al-Rahman I de la Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba. Este edificio es de un gran valor cultural y patrimonial. Por ello, fue declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO en 1984. El monumento se encuentra al sur de la península ibérica. Este área se caracteriza por una actividad sísmica moderada. Debido a ello, de cara a su preservación y al análisis de su seguridad, es importante analizar su comportamientos estructural y sísmico. En este trabajo, se ha desarrollado un modelo en 3D en el software abierto OpenSees. Para ello, se han realizado ensayos no destructivos sobre el edificio. Para el análisis de su comportamiento, se han realizado análisis estáticos verticales y horizontales (tipo pushover). Como resultado, se ha obtenido que el edificio presenta un peor comportamiento sísmico en la dirección perpendicular a las arcadas
Rediseño del proceso de fabricación de placas para falso techo de escayola. Estudio de su viabilidad técnica, económica y medioambiental
Authors: Ferrández Daniel , Zaragoza-Benzal Alicia , Diaz-Velilla Jorge Pablo , Morón-Barrios Alberto
Published: January 2025

Hoy en día el sector de la construcción se enfrenta a un gran desafío, la creciente conciencia ambiental de un mercado más informado que manifiesta el deseo de que se representen modelos de negocio medioambientalmente más sostenibles. En este trabajo, se aborda el diseño y caracterización de un novedoso panel prefabricado de escayola elaborado bajo criterios de economía circular. Para ello, se han empleado residuos de neumáticos fuera de uso (NFU) de diámetro comprendido entre 2-4 mm, que han servido como sustitución parcial en volumen del material de escayola original. De esta manera, se consigue aligerar el peso de las placas prefabricadas manteniendo un nivel óptimo para las resistencias mecánicas de estos compuestos. Adicionalmente, se ha analizado el proceso de fabricación de estos compuestos, las oportunidades de negocio para estos paneles y se ha realizado un estudio de la cadena de suministro de los mismos. Con ello, se ponen de manifiesto los beneficios tanto económicos, como medioambientales, derivados de la integración de criterios de economía circular en el diseño de los materiales de construcción tradicionales. Así, con este trabajo se contribuye a visualizar la necesidad de explorar nuevas alternativas para avanzar hacia un crecimiento económico responsable en el sector de la construcción.
La estandarización de mediciones de superficies parcelarias en el ámbito inmobiliario
Authors: López-Medina Jose Antonio , Morón-Fernández Carlos
Published: January 2025

En los últimos años, principalmente con la aprobación de la reforma de la Ley Hipotecaria que se articuló con la Ley 13/2015,se ha producido una transformación completa y una evolución arduamente deseada, en relación a la descripción de las fincas y la coordinación de la realidad física y jurídica mediante la incorporación de datos georreferenciados. El presente trabajo se enmarca en la búsqueda de una solución técnica y jurídica para que, de un modo estandarizado, satisfaga a los actores involucrados en la gestión y el tráfico inmobiliario, principalmente el ciudadano, catastro, registro y notariado, e instituciones públicas mediante una correcta coordinación de la realidad física, jurídica y catastral. La solución técnica, por tanto, debe partir de una medición superficial precisa, que sea correcta y adecuada a los medios actuales, completada con una delimitación y descripción de la realidad medida, que sea estandarizada y basada en la adaptación de normativas europeas e internacionales. La solución jurídica debe analizar todos los tipos de realidades que confluyen en la configuración jurídica parcelaria, entroncando con el aspecto técnico de la medición de coordenadas o distancias, pero que puede poseer distintos aspectos de realidades distintas a la situación física, como pueden ser las realidades jurídicas, catastrales, urbanísticas, legales, procesales, históricas, familiares, etc.
On the possibility of Bose condensate formation in ultracold neutron gas
Authors: Lakhno Victor Dmitrievich
Published: January 2025

It is suggested that the anomalous leakage of ultra-cold neutrons from a neutron trap may be associated with the formation of dineutrons in it. It is shown that the gas of ultracold neutrons at temperatures T less than 10-3 K should form a dineutron Bose condensate even in the absence of dineutrons as free stable particles. The consequences arising from the assumption of the stability of dineutrons in neutron stars are considered. The conditions for the formation of a Bose condensate from dineutrons in them and in heavy nuclei are discussed
Social Protection and Clientelistic Politics: A Case Study of Benazir Income Support Program (BISP)
Authors: Ahmad Uroosa
Published: January 2025

Social safety nets programs are not just assistance programs but these are significant elements for building and strengthening social contracts between states and citizens. The safety nets programs are used for the help of deprived segment of the society. Some theorist argues that these safety net schemes are utilize for making vote bank. This study was interested to contribute these debates through an analysis of cash grant scheme of BISP introduced by Pakistan People Party in 2008 BISP has received a tremendous support from the World Bank, USAID, ADB and DFID This study explores how the cash grant of BISP program is used by PPP for making vole bank. Case Study method was adapted to conduct this research study. District Nowshera was taken as a case for the analysis of the BISP scheme.  Data is collected from primary and secondary sources Interview is used as a tool for data collection Numbers of persons of different cadres were interviewed for the sake of data collection in district Nowshera. After interviewing a number of persons randomly in district Nowshera, a lot of issues were found. These issues include technical and political issues. Technical issues include lope holes of BISP Poverty Score Card, fake forms and data steeling, fake call and SMS, ill- behavior and choice commission at Easy Paisa shops, Fake BISP forms selling, Ill -behavior of BISP staff, use of ATM Cards, issues in BVS (Biometric Verification System), and hurdles in getting stipend. While politically it was found that PPP utilized the name of former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto late for making vote bank. They got the sympathies of public by utilizing her name. The beneficiary's selection survey was also biased. All the surveyors were belonged to PPP. The political interference was involved in the survey. All the selection had done on politician's choice. Favoritism and nepotism were the rule of the day. All the key position holders in BISP program were belonged to PPP. Billions of rupees were spent by propagating this scheme for making vote bank. This study has concluded that the BISP program of cash grant has used for clientelistic politics by Pakistan People Party.
A support for the activities of a Clinical Pharmacologist in the HIS
Authors:   Federal Ailamazyan А. К. Program Systems Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Foкht O. A.
Published: January 2025

The article provides an overview of the tools that the integrated Hospital Information System of a medical organization such as able to offer to a Clinical Pharmacologist. The main activities of the Clinical Pharmacologist are considered, including: consultation of a Clinical Pharmacologist,
a Drug Formulary; ABC/VEN analysis; frequency analysis; control of polypharmacy; control of antimicrobial therapy, SCAT.
The use of HIS in the work of Clinical Pharmacologist is illustrated by examples from software products presented on the IT market of the Russian Federation.
Information system for supporting early medical rehabilitation
Authors:   Federal Ailamazyan A. K. Program Systems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciencess, Belyshev D. V. , Butylova E. B. ,   INTERIN group of companies, Elistratova O. S. ,   Federal Ailamazyan A. K. Program Systems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciencess, Klochkov А.S. ,   Early rehabilitation clinic «Three sisters».
Published: January 2025

Medical rehabilitation is an integral part of the process of restoring health and improving the quality of life for patients who have undergone severe illnesses. The success of rehabilitation activities largely depends on a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach, careful
risk assessment, precise goal setting, the implementation of individualized plans, and regular monitoring of patients’ conditions. The specifics of the subject area necessitate specialized methodologies and tools for informational support, which differ from the traditional
implementation of clinical medical and diagnostic processes. This work discusses the development of research in the field of medical rehabilitation conducted collaboratively by the PSI RAS, INTERIN group of companies, and the Early rehabilitation clinic «Three sisters» as part of the project to implement the medical information system Interin PROMIS Alpha PG (INTERIN group of companies).
Factores asociados a trastorno de la deglución en pacientes adultos mayores con demencia en el Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú del 2018 al 2020
Authors:   , Gastelumendi Rivera Ignacio , Jara Diaz Whitney Katherin
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a trastorno de la deglución en pacientes adultos mayores con demencia en el hospital central de la fuerza aérea del Perú del 2018 al 2020. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo de corte transversal que analizó los datos de 111 adultos mayores con trastorno de deglución y demencia del departamento de geriatría del Hospital de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú. Los registros fueron evaluados mediante el Mini-Mental State Examination con validación peruana por Custodio. Se empleó regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para analizar la asociación entre trastornos de deglución y factores asociados, considerando significativo un valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: En el estudio se observó que el grupo mayoritario fueron aquellos de 80 años o más (79.3%). Se observó una asociación significativa entre la edad y los trastornos de deglución (p = 0.05; OR = 2.465, IC 95% = 0.967 – 6.279). Además, el compromiso del estado funcional se relacionó con un mayor riesgo de trastornos de deglución (p = 0.040; OR = 3.709, IC 95% = 1.014 – 13.573). La presencia de trastorno de masticación aumentó significativamente las probabilidades de desarrollar trastornos de deglución (p = 0.000; OR = 19.263, IC 95% = 6.346 – 58.466). Conclusión: Se destaca la complejidad de los trastornos de deglución en pacientes adultos mayores con demencia, evidenciando asociaciones significativas con la edad avanzada, el compromiso del estado funcional y la presencia de trastorno de masticación.
Gestión de ventas y percepción de rentabilidad en un call center (Lima-Perú), 2023
Authors:   , Cristobal Campos Carina Coralin , Ambicho Lopez Alvaro Gonzalo , Basilio Ayala Frank Paul
Published: January 2025

La efectiva gestión de ventas es la clave para incrementar la rentabilidad percibida en las organizaciones modernas que buscan maximizar sus ganancias, tal como lo revela la presente investigación, cuya finalidad principal fue determinar la relación entre la gestión de ventas y la percepción de rentabilidad en un call center ubicado en Lima (Perú) durante el 2023. Para realizar un análisis más detallado, la gestión de ventas fue subdividida en predicción de ventas, plan de ventas y control de ventas; mientras que, la variable percepción de rentabilidad se desglosó en percepción de rentabilidad económica y percepción de rentabilidad financiera. El estudio emprendido adoptó un abordaje cuantitativo, persiguiendo un alcance correlacional y apoyándose en un diseño no experimental transeccional correlacional-causal. Los participantes, 83 asesores pertenecientes al Área de Ventas del ente organizacional bajo escrutinio, completaron un instrumento de recolección de datos tipo Likert, compuesto por 24 reactivos. Posterior al procesamiento y análisis de la información obtenida, se evidenció una relación robusta, directa y estadísticamente significativa entre la gestión de ventas y la percepción de rentabilidad. Esta conclusión se sustenta en el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman de 0.775 calculado, el cual denota una asociación positiva considerable entre las variables examinadas.
Experimental Investigation of Factors Affecting Oil Recovery and Displacement Efficiency of CO2 Injection in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Masalmeh S. K. , Farzaneh S. A. , Sohrabi M. , Alhammadi M.
Published: January 2025

Miscible gas injection is the most widely applied enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method in light oil carbonate reservoirs as a tertiary and secondary method. Miscible gas has high displacement efficiency and usually results in a low residual oil saturation (Sorm) in the parts of the reservoirs that are in contact with the gas. Accurate determination of Sorm and understanding the parameters that affect displacement efficiency are crucial for successful miscible gas EOR projects.

In this paper, we present a comprehensive experimental program designed to investigate the effect of a number of parameters on oil recovery, displacement efficiency, and Sorm of miscible and near-miscible carbon dioxide (CO2) injection. The parameters investigated in this study are the experimental pressure, pore volume (PV) injected, injection rate, rock type, and initial water saturation (Swi). The coreflood experiments were performed using live crude oil at pressures starting below the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) to pressure well above the MMP, using reservoir core samples of up to 1 ft long and 2 in. diameter. All CO2 injection experiments were performed using vertically oriented cores, with gas injection from the top to ensure stable displacement.

The experimental results show that (1) Oil recovery decreases as pressure decreases with Sorm increasing by more than 20 saturation units as the pressure decreases from 4,250 psi to 2,700 psi; (2) CO2 breakthrough was much earlier at lower pressure, which leads to more CO2 recycling and potentially lower CO2 sequestration volume; (3) the recovery factor (RF) is strongly affected by the PV injected, and this effect is much more significant for the experiments performed at lower pressure; (4) the injection rate has an insignificant impact on oil recovery and Sorm for miscible or near-miscible CO2, due to the low interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and CO2; (5) rock heterogeneity has a strong effect on oil recovery and CO2 breakthrough and hence on CO2 recycling and economy of the projects; and (6) the presence of mobile water at the beginning of CO2 injection resulted in lower displacement efficiency and increased Sorm. However, this water blocking effect should be determined experimentally for a given reservoir rock/fluid system. The results of this study cannot be generalized for other reservoirs.

The results of this study have important implications for the design and performance predictions of CO2 injection in the reservoirs under study. Starting CO2 injection at reservoir pressure, which, in some cases, is more than 1,500 psi above MMP, is recommended due to its superior displacement efficiency and less CO2 recycling due to later breakthrough. However, a higher pressure may negatively impact the required CO2 volume, the compression cost, and project economics.
Chemical Solution Mitigates Stuck Inflow Control Devices in Horizontal Completion
Authors: Sayed Mohammed A. , Chang Frank , Luce Tim
Published: January 2025

Horizontal open holes covering long reservoir sections can be benefitted by installing inflow control devices (ICDs) along the lateral to even the production contribution from the entire heterogeneous permeability profile. During the drilling and completion process, the well can be shut in for prolonged periods of time. Though the ICDs are designed to withstand the buildup of debris, they are still subjected to the accumulation of weighting and bridging materials existing in the drilling fluid, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This debris deposits on the internal diameter of the valves or the flow control device, preventing proper shifting against the seats, or blocking the flow path of the devices. Recovering the function of the ICDs requires a chemical treatment. In high-permeability formations, it is undesirable to have acid contact the rock since this may compromise the mechanical integrity of the formation or trigger further solids buildup in the ICDs. Therefore, an acid designed to dissolve the solid deposits on ICDs but not penetrating the formation is required.

In this study, a modified coreflood setup was designed and an acid-based chemical treatment was formulated to remove solid deposition on the ICD. The goal was to dissolve the CaCO3 scale on the ICD with minimal penetration into the formation to avoid formation softening. The core assembly simulates the geometry of the ICD completion system with a core matrix behind the ICD operating space. Calcite marble was used to represent the scale deposited on the ICDs, while Indiana limestone was used to represent the reservoir rock.

Several acid formulations were tested using the custom-designed coreflood setup. One acid blend composed of a strong organic acid [methane sulfonic acid (MSA)] mixed with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a second blend of HCl and mutual solvent (glycol-based solvent) showed the desirable effect of dissolving the scale deposits (calcite marble in this case) with minimum to no penetration into the formation matrix. The success of the two acid systems in dissolving CaCO3 deposits on the ICDs was confirmed by analyzing the pressure data during the coreflooding experiment, as well as from analyzing the post-treated core samples using computed tomography (CT) scan.

Simulation of completion design in the laboratory is a key factor in testing and designing acid treatments to overcome scale problems in the field. Single-phase acid systems containing no gelling or emulsifying agents were tested and proved capable of dissolving the solids deposited on the ICDs with minimum to no formation contact. This will result in an economical and easier one-step treatment in the field, avoiding the complexity encountered with pulling the whole completion string out of the wellbore to be treated with acid on the surface and then reinstalling it back into the well.
Do children laugh like their parents? Conversational laughter mimicry occurrence and acoustic alignment in middle-childhood
Authors: Mazzocconi Chiara , O’Brien Benjamin , Bodur Kübra , Fourtassi Abdellah
Published: January 2025

Laughter is ubiquitous and crucial in social interactions. In addition to conveying meaning, it is a valuable means for monitoring interlocutor mental states and mutual cognitive alignment. Laughter has been shown to be informative about the pragmatic development of preschool children. The current paper investigates laughter mimicry and acoustic alignment in middle childhood in a corpus of parent-child (N=16) and parent-adult (N=8) computer-mediated conversations. We performed both distributional and acoustic analyses. While there were no significant differences in terms of laughter frequency between children and adults, transitional probabilities of laughter mimicry were significantly lower in parent-child than in parent-adult interactions, although balanced at an intra-dyad level. A spectro-temporal modulation (STM) analysis revealed that in children, Mimicking laughter is characterised by higher STMs than Isolated laughter. On the other hand, in adult, Mimicking and Isolated laughter do not differ in terms of STMs. Further, we compared distances from genuine and pseudo-random Initiating-Mimicking laughter pairs. In adults, laughs constituting genuine pairs were acoustically more similar than those constituting pseudo-random pairs, showing, therefore, local acoustic alignment and confirming previous studies. No such local laughter alignment was found in Children. Our results suggest that although laughter production during middle childhood resembles adult-like use in terms of frequency, speech-laughter use, arousal, and balance between interactants, it is still significantly different when considering laughter mimicry, both in terms of transitional probabilities and acoustic alignment between interlocutors. Our study forms a basis for discussion on current theoretical models of alignment, its interplay with interactional dynamics, and the entanglement of laughter use with pragmatic development.
Social Determinants of Health Informed Interventions to Address or Reduce Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infections Among 2SGBTMSM in High-Income Countries Between 2012 – 2024: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Chin-see Robert Ainsley , Henry Grace , Inglis Fiona , Do Anna , Coleman Todd
Published: January 2025

Background
Two-Spirit, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Men who have Sex with Men (2SGBTMSM) still bear a disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted and blood borne infections (STBBI) such as HIV, despite local and national initiatives aiming to improve screening, testing, and treatment measures. In recent years, interventions aimed at mitigating HIV/STBBI risk and acquisition have leveraged principles of the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH), which encompass social, economic, and political factors known to influence behavior and health outcomes. The primary objective of this scoping review is to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that are informed by the SDoH framework in preventing or addressing HIV/STBBI among 2SGBTMSM in high-income countries.
Methods
A scoping review of academic and grey literature between 2012 and 2024 will be conducted to identify the landscape of SDoH-informed interventions targeting HIV/STBBI and associated outcomes. The review will adhere to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines and guidance from Arksey and O’Malley. The search strategy will be supported by a subject matter librarian and involve the use of relevant search terms (e.g., Chlamydia, 2SGBTMSM, HIV, infection) and Boolean operators across several electronic databases (e.g., MEDLINE, CINAHL, APA PsychInfo). Studies will be selected based on a title and abstract review, followed by a full-text review using inclusion and exclusion criteria determined a priori. Data extracted will include study information, intervention descriptions, and outcomes. Findings will be synthesized narratively and descriptively tabulated. If possible, quality appraisal will be conducted.
Discussion
This review will provide evidence on the current landscape on prevention efforts aimed at 2SGBTMSM regarding HIV/STBBI’s. The utilization of the SDoH in these approaches demonstrate significant promise in the field of public health and equity justice as a low-cost alternative, yet to date, no study has systematically summarized and synthesized the available literature. To fill this gap, the present review will systematically identify and summarize the effectiveness underpinning existing SDoH-informed interventions to address future HIV/STBBI’s prevention efforts for 2SGBTMSM.
Scoping review registration:
This scoping review protocol is registered with Open Science Framework (DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/E8D4Z)
Upfront fecal microbiota transplantation for the management of immune checkpoint inhibitor mediated diarrhea and colitis
Authors: Wang Yinghong , Fan Christopher , Varatharajalu Krishnavathana , Shatila Malek , Cruz Carolina , Sun Baohua , Lermi Nejla Ozirmak , Hayase Tomo , Thomas Anusha , Szymonowicz Klaudia , Sanchez-Espiridion Beatriz , Duose Dzifa , Hayase Eiko , Tan Lin , Liu Yiwei , Chang Chia-Chi , Arias Cesar , Junek Kristin , DuPont Herbert , Jiang Zhi-Dong , Kim Sang , Nurieva Roza , Campbell Matthew , Tannir Nizar , Gao Jianjun , Watowich Stephanie , Wang Xin , Chen Ken , Lorenzi Philip , Haymaker Cara , Parra Edwin , Jenq Robert
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy; however, adverse events from an unchecked immune system such as immune checkpoint inhibitor mediated diarrhea and colitis (IMDC) can develop. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) remains an option for patients with refractory colitis, but has not been tested in an upfront setting.
Methods: From an open-label, phase I/II clinical trial (NCT0403861) starting June 2021, we report an analysis of adult patients with IMDC treated with upfront FMT. We performed fecal shotgun metagenomic sequencing, metabolomic, transcriptomic and immunofluorescence profiling pre-FMT and post-FMT and and plasma biomarkers of inflamamtion and immune response pre-FMT to predict response.
Results: 13 patients were treated with FMT, of which 11 (84.6%) achieved clinical response with a median time to clinical improvement of 1(1-5) days. Among responders sequenced with baseline and follow-up (n = 8), 6 patients (75%) had an increase in alpha diversity post-FMT. Notably, in responders Lacrimispora amygdalina and Alistipes shahii increased independently at both 2 and 4 weeks post FMT. Interestingly, aspartic and propionic acid decreased post-FMT (p < 0.05). Using multiplex immunohistochemical immunofluorescence staining of samples obtained at presentation, we determined that total CK+ and CK+Ki67+ cell populations were reduced in non-responder patients. Additionally, there was a trend toward lower pre- and post-FMT CD20+, CD20+Ki67+, CD4+FOXP3+, and CD8+FOXP3+ cell populations in non-responder patients. Immune cell-type abundance scores showed increased plasma cells, neutrophils, (M1 and M2) macrophages, memory activated and resting memory CD4+ T cells , CD8+ T cells,T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), in pre-FMT samples which all decreased dramatically in post-FMT samples, likely related to response to FMT. Non-responders had lower baseline plasma GDF2, TLR3, CCL22, and FGF21 and higher baseline plasma CXCL14, OSM, IL-1β and IFNG.
Conclusion: FMT is a promising front-line therapeutic option for patients who develop IMDC with high efficacy and favorable safety profile. Additional microbiome, blood and tissue analysis provides insights in future directions of potential mechanisms and targets for development of novel therapeutic intervention.
Can physical trauma trigger relapsing polychondritis? The first report from a Chinese cohort and comparison with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yun Shuang , Li Wei , He Yujie , Han Lishuai , Li Ting , Liu Peiling , Liu Xiaojun , Liu Shengyun
Published: January 2025

Objectives
The triggers of relapsing polychondritis (RPC) are not fully characterized. This study was performed to explore the association between physical trauma and RPC.
Methods
The history of physical trauma of 208 patients with RPC from a Chinese cohort was reviewed and compared with that of 1134 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 369 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The characteristics and survival of patients with physical trauma were analyzed.
Results
Eighty patients with RPC (38.5%) ever had physical trauma. This number is considerably higher than that of patients with RA (21.6%, p < 0.0001) and PsA (20.6%, p < 0.0001). A total of 48 patients with RPC (23.1%) had 52 osteochondral injuries, whereas only 58 patients with RA (5.1%, p < 0.0001) and 21 patients with PsA (5.7%, p < 0.0001) ever had osteochondral injuries. We found that more patients with RPC experienced any type of physical trauma, as well as osteochondral trauma, in the preceding one year , and also half a year, before disease onset than patients with RA and PsA. Traumatic events (osteochondral and nonosteochondral) increased in the preceding one year before disease onset, especially in the preceding six months. Patients with osteochondral trauma that occurred at any time before disease onset had a higher rate of airway involvement and lower rates of survival than those without osteochondral trauma.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that physical trauma may be triggers of RPC, and that patients with osteochondral trauma seem to have more severe disease than those without.
Infants display reduced NK cell responses in RSV and increased inflammatory responses in SARS-CoV-2 infections
Authors: Ucar Duygu , Thibodeau Asa , Mejias Asuncion , Nehar-Belaid Djamel , Marches Radu , Xu Zhaohui , Eryilmaz Giray , Josefowicz Steven , Paust Silke , Pascual Virginia , Banchereau Jacques , Ramilo Octavio
Published: January 2025

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations in infants and poses a significantly higher risk of respiratory failure than SARS-CoV-2. The mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. We analyzed blood samples from infants (median age 2.3 months) with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 30), RSV (n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 17) using single-cell transcriptomics and epigenomics, and cytokine profiling. Both viruses triggered comparable interferon responses across PBMC subsets but differed in NK cell and inflammatory responses. Severe RSV cases showed reduced NK cell frequencies, lower IFNG expression, and decreased chromatin accessibility at T-BET and EOMES binding sites. RSV infections were also associated with increased CD4+ TEMRA, memory Treg and transitional B cells. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 was characterized by stronger pro-inflammatory signatures, including increased NFKB pathway activity and higher serum TNF concentrations. These findings highlight distinct immune responses to RSV and SARS-CoV-2, providing insights that may inform clinical decisions.
In-situ Synthesis of g-C 3 N 4 with Nitrogen Vacancy and Cyano Group via One-pot Method for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: BI Xiang , WANG Li-Zhong , ZHAI Dong-Hua , WANG Lei , YANG Hui , DU Gao-Hui
Published: January 2025

In-situ synthesis of g-C3N4 containing nitrogen vacancies and cyano group via one-pot method using urea as the precursor. The structural, morphological or electrochemical properties of synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, BET analysis, TEM, FTIR, UV-DRS, PL, XPS and EPR. It was found that the nitrogen vacancy was successfully introduced into g-C3N4. Compared to pure g-C3N4, the (200) crystal plane in XRD of synthesized g-C3N4 showed slight red-shift, and the BET surface areas had changed from 27.5 to 35.7 m2·g− 1, which could provide more reaction center and active site. TEM confirmed that g-C3N4 and VN-g-C3N4 were porous materials, and FTIR, XPS as well as EPR could prove the presence of nitrogen vacancies and cyano group. The UV-Vis absorption edge of VN-g-C3N4 demonstrated briefly red-shift, PL intensity and lifetime of carriers declined in comparison with pure g-C3N4. Electrochemical test results showed that enhanced charge separation efficiency and low recombination rate of charge carriers of VN-g-C3N4. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was researched by RhB degradation and ACT removal under visible light irradiation, the results showed the rate of RhB degradation on the VN-g-C3N4 was 81%, which was 1.4-fold as high as that of g-C3N4 in visible light. The degradation contribution from the active species were h+ (67.3%) >1O2(63.0%)>•OH (49.4%) >•O2− (20.3%) > e− (20.1%) > H2O2(0.2%), and VN-g-C3N4 exhibited excellent ACT removal rate,which was 1.6-fold higher than that of pure g-C3N4 in visible light. This study provides an efficient photocatalyst for the treatment of toxic wastewater.
Mechanism of Jiangan Jiangzhi Pill NRF2 pathway in the treatment of steatohepatitis in mice
Authors: Jiao Xue , Wang Li , Li Yinglun , Liu Jing , Wei Qian , Mi Yuqiang , Li Ping
Published: January 2025

Objective observe the healthy liver cholesterol-lowering pills for methionine choline lack of feed (Methionine-choline deficient，MCD) diet induced nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis (Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis，NASH) mechanism of lipid metabolism and inflammation in mice.
Methods The mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive drug group, low, medium and high dose groups of Jianganjiangzhi pills, 10 mice in each group.The control group ate normal diet, and the other experimental groups ate MCD diet.The positive drug group was intritoneally injected with 150mg/kg polyene phosphatidylcholine, the low, medium and high dose groups of Jiangan Jiangzhi pills were administrated with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively, once a day, and the control group and model group were given equal volume of normal saline in parallel.Weigh and record every 7 days.It lasts six weeks.The histopathological changes of liver were observed by HE staining.Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected by biochemical kit,The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver homogenate were detected by BCA kit.The mRNA expression levels ofNrf2, Ho1, Gclc and Nqo1 in mouse liver tissues were detected by PCR,The expression level ofNRF2 pathway related protein in mouse liver was detected by Western blot .
Results Compared with the normal group, the model group had serious liver pathological injury, severe destruction of liver cell structure, widening of cell interval, collapse and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells.In the model group, ALT, AST, TG and TC (P<0.01) levels were significantly increased, SOD activity was decreased, MDA level was increased, and GSH-Px activity was decreased. PCR results showed that mRNA expression levels ofNrf2, Ho1, Gclc and
Nqo1 in mouse liver tissues were decreased.Westernblot results showed that the relative expression levels ofNRF2, HO-1,GCLC and NQO1 proteins in mice were significantly decreased. Compared with the model group, the liver cell structure of mice in positive drug group (polyene phosphatidylcholine) and Jianggan Jiangzhiwan low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups was more clear, with a shorter cell interval and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration,ALT, AST,TG and TC levels decreased significantly, SOD activity increased, MDA level decreased, GSH-Px activity increased. The mRNA expression levels ofNrf2, Ho1, Gclc and Nqo1 in liver tissues were increased, and the protein expression levels of NRF2 pathway related proteins were significantly increased.
Conclusion Jiangan Jiangzhi pills(健肝降脂丸) can regulate NRF2 pathway to enhance antioxidant capacity and reduce liver steatosis and inflammation in mice with NASH
Research trends in vascular aging in the last decade: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis
Authors: Shi Dandan , Ning Ziqi , Zhang Yaoyao , Guo Xiaochen , Liu Meixia , Wei Yun
Published: January 2025

Background
In recent years, vascular aging has become an important direction of aging research, but a comprehensive bibliometric analysis has not been conducted.
Methods
The Web of Science database was searched for articles and reviews on vascular aging from January 1, 2014, to August 20, 2024, and the literature was analyzed and knowledge maps were constructed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, pajek and Scimago Graphica software for econometric analysis and knowledge graph construction of the literature.
Result
A total of 38,910 authors from 7,622 institutions in 111 countries published 7,277 papers in 1,344 academic journals, with a significant increase in publication volume. The United States is the country with the highest productivity and citation rates, and Mayo Clinic is the most active institution. Tarantini S published the most papers, while Csiszar A received the most citations. RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES journal published the most papers, and CIRCULATION journal received the most citations. The main research aspects include age-related macular degeneration, arteriosclerosis, and oxidative stress, which are the main keywords in this field. In the last decade, the term c reactive protein has attracted great attention with its strongest citation explosion.
Conclusion
In the past decade, the research focus on vascular aging has been increasing year by year. Age-related macular degeneration, arteriosclerosis, and oxidative stress are the emerging research directions in this field. Vascular endothelial cells will be the focus of future research in this field.
Numerical studies on thermo-hydraulic performance of solar air heater with quarter circle roughness ribs
Authors: Bizuneh Yaregal Eneyew , Kassie Tazebew Dires , Bizuneh Atalay Enyew
Published: January 2025

With their diverse range of applications, solar air heaters transform renewable solar energy into useful heat. The fluid flow and heat transfer properties of a roughened solar air heater with quarter-circle-shaped ribs were examined in-depth using numerical analysis. The k–e RNG turbulence model was used to conduct 2D steady-state numerical simulations, and the findings showed excellent agreement with the smooth duct and related literatures. The impact of rib spacing was explored by changing the rib relative pitch (p/e) from 6.67 to 13.3 for Reynolds numbers (Re) between 4,000 and 20,000. The thermo-hydraulic performance factor was found to be 1.63. Additionally, it was shown that an increase in relative pitch (p/e) of 6.67 to 10 resulted in an increase in the Nusselt number for all Re values examined. At Re of 16,000, an enhancement of 2.42 times the Nu was made for p/e = 6.67. It was also noted that for all Re values taken into consideration, Nu falls with an increase in p/e from 10 to 13.3.
Is strength training an effective physiotherapy-related strategy for injury prevention and performance enhancement in team sports? A scoping review of high-quality randomized controlled trials
Authors: Weerasinghe Kalani , Jayawardena Ranil , Hills Andrew P
Published: January 2025

Background
Muscular strength that can be improved through maximal, explosive, and reactive training, reduces injury risk and enhances sport-specific performance in athletes. In team sports, increased strength boosts physical and neuromuscular function, delays fatigue, speeds recovery and optimizes technical execution and decision-making during competition. Therefore, this scoping review aims to explore existing intervention studies to understand the role of strength training (ST) as an effective strategy for preventing injuries and enhancing performance in team sports.
Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted in five databases (SciVerse Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL) from 2015 to 2024. Keywords related to strength training, injuries, and team sports were used in the search. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of ST in preventing injuries and enhancing performance in team sports. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale.
Results
This review included 15 RCTs involving team sports: soccer (n = 9), volleyball (n = 3), and one each for football, handball, and rugby. Participants had a mean age range of 12.7 to 25.8 years, with sample sizes varying from 20 to 652 athletes. Four studies demonstrated dual benefits, highlighting the ability of ST to simultaneously enhance biomechanical alignment, address muscle imbalances, and optimize both injury prevention and performance outcomes. Three RCTs focused solely on strengthening interventions for injuries reported that ST effectively reduced the incidence of sports injuries, including hamstring strains (n = 2), groin injuries (n = 1), and overall injuries (n = 4). Performance metrics such as sprint speed, jump height, muscle strength, and endurance were significantly improved with ST in eight studies.
Conclusions
ST can be considered an effective physiotherapy-related strategy for injury prevention and performance enhancement in team sports across different age groups and genders, as suggested by high-quality RCTs.
Gut microbiota in young adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and its performance as diagnostic biomarkers
Authors: Wong Sunny H , Ying Jiangbo , Xu Xinran , Zhou Ruwen , Chung Arthur C K , Ng Siu Kin , Fan Xiuyi , Subramaniam Mythily
Published: January 2025

Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) starts in the early developmental period, symptoms may not become fully apparent until adulthood in patients with high-functioning ASD. Diagnosing ASD in adults presents unique challenges and there are currently no specific biomarkers for this condition. Most existing studies on gut microbiota in ASD are conducted in children; however, the composition of the gut microbiota in children differs significantly from that of adults. This study aimed to study young adults with high-functioning ASD on their gut microbiota. Using metagenomic sequencing, we evaluated the gut microbiota in 45 adults with high-functioning ASD and 45 matched healthy controls. Adjusting for sociodemographic information, dietary habits, and clinical data, we observed a distinct microbiota profile between adults with ASD and controls, with their autistic symptom severity strongly correlating to microbial diversity (correlation coefficient = -0.351, p-value <0.001). Despite a similar dietary pattern, the ASD group exhibited more gastrointestinal symptoms than the healthy controls. An internally validated machine-learning predictive model that combines the Autism Spectrum Quotient questionnaire score and microbial features could achieve an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.955 in diagnosing ASD in adults. This study evaluates the gut microbiota in adult ASD and highlights its potential as a non-invasive biomarker to enhance diagnosis of ASD in this population group.
Analyzing Their Contribution to Water Demand, Quality, and Groundwater Sustainability of Private Water Wells in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tura Tulu Tolla , Demeku Sisay
Published: January 2025

This study examines the role of private water wells in meeting the water demand, quality, and sustainability of groundwater resources in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. As the city faces rapid urbanization and a rising population, private wells have emerged as a crucial supplementary water source, particularly in areas where public water supply is inadequate. However, challenges such as insufficient regulation, groundwater over-extraction, and contamination pose significant risks to the long-term viability of these wells. Data were gathered from 449 private wells, with a detailed water quality analysis conducted on 21 of them, focusing on parameters like turbidity, pH, nitrate, and fluoride levels. The findings indicate considerable variability in water quality; some wells exceeded safe limits for turbidity and nitrates, while others met acceptable standards for key indicators. Furthermore, groundwater extraction from private wells addresses only a small portion of the city's overall water demand. Compounding issues such as well interference, inefficient water usage, and declining water tables further complicate the situation. The study underscores the urgent need for enhanced regulation, integrated groundwater management, and active community participation to promote sustainable groundwater use. It also recommends strategies for improved well placement, ongoing water quality monitoring, and necessary infrastructural investments to alleviate the adverse effects associated with private well usage. This research offers important insights into urban water management dynamics and highlights the significance of private wells in supporting water supply in rapidly developing cities like Addis Ababa.
Establishing a Periodic SM Profile Model Based on Fourier Analysis using Hydrologic Soil Groups
Authors: Zhu Jinlong , Wang Shengyi , Li Qingliang
Published: January 2025

Accurately predicting global soil moisture (SM) is crucial for sustainable agriculture and water resource management. Recognizing the challenges posed by the heterogeneity of SM's spatiotemporal variability, this study proposes a novel approach that leverages Fourier analysis to decompose the periodic fluctuations in SM, revealing underlying trends and cycles. This approach is integrated with Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks to enhance the accuracy of global SM prediction. Fourier analysis transforms time series data of SM into frequencies and amplitudes, capturing its intrinsic periodic characteristics. This transformation reveals both variable and invariant features representing changes within and between periods. By fusing these periodic features within the cycle. By integrating these periodic features with sequence data and leveraging the memory and sequence learning capabilities of LSTM neural networks, the accuracy and reliability of global SM prediction can be enhanced. Our experiments on the LandBench1.0 dataset demonstrate that the proposed model reduces the root mean square error by 0.4% to 1.1% compared to the state-of-the-art methods. This study underscores that the LSTM with periodic features of SM can adapt to the inherent complex spatial-temporal patterns in SM dynamics, especially in scenarios characterized by rapid environmental changes and subtle temporal dynamics.
Potential regulatory modules to integrate microgravity signals into flowering pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana grown in space
Authors: Xie Junyan , Zhu Jiachen , Wang Lihua , Jiao Yuwei , Dou Yanhui , Zhao Zhongtian , Luo Boyu , Ha Meifan , Zheng Huiqiong
Published: January 2025

Our previous studies suggested that FLOWERING LOCUS (FT) can integrate microgravity signals into the photoperiodic flowering pathway in Arabidopsis. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we carried out transcriptomic analysis of wild-type (WT), gigantea (gi) mutant, CONSTANS overexpressing plants (35S:CO), and transgenic plants expressing FT with the green fluorescent protein gene controlled by a heat shock-inducible promoter (pHSP:GFP;pHSP:FT, FG) grown on the Chinese space station in comparison with their ground controls. The findings revealed that transcriptional microgravity response signature was not only conserved primarily across the GI-CO-FT module disruption genotypes and WT, but also displayed GI-CO-FT module specific associated responses. Transcription factors belong to ERF, bZIP, bHLH, and BES1 families were significantly overrepresented to the GCC- and CACGTG-elements across GI-CO-FT specific microgravity responsive genes, suggesting the possible role of microgravity in regulating flowering time in space through integration pathways.