bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A lexical approach for identifying behavioral action sequences
Authors: Reddy Gautam , Desban Laura , Tanaka Hidenori , Roussel Julian , Mirat Olivier , Wyart Claire
Published: August 2020

Animals display characteristic behavioral patterns when performing a task, such as the spiraling of a soaring bird or the surge-and-cast of a male moth searching for a female. Identifying such recurring sequences occurring rarely in noisy behavioral data is key to understanding the behavioral response to a distributed stimulus in unrestrained animals. Existing models seek to describe the dynamics of behavior or segment individual locomotor episodes rather than to identify the rare and transient sequences of locomotor episodes that make up the behavioral response. To fill this gap, we develop a lexical, hierarchical model of behavior. We designed an unsupervised algorithm called “BASS” to efficiently identify and segment recurring behavioral action sequences transiently occurring in long behavioral recordings. When applied to navigating larval zebrafish, BASS extracts a dictionary of remarkably long, non-Markovian sequences consisting of repeats and mixtures of slow forward and turn bouts. Applied to a novel chemotaxis assay, BASS uncovers chemotactic strategies deployed by zebrafish to avoid aversive cues consisting of sequences of fast large-angle turns and burst swims. In a simulated dataset of soaring gliders climbing thermals, BASS finds the spiraling patterns characteristic of soaring behavior. In both cases, BASS succeeds in identifying rare action sequences in the behavior deployed by freely moving animals. BASS can be easily incorporated into the pipelines of existing behavioral analyses across diverse species, and even more broadly used as a generic algorithm for pattern recognition in low-dimensional sequential data.
Divergent influenza-like viruses of amphibians and fish support an ancient evolutionary association
Authors: Parry Rhys , Wille Michelle , Turnbull Olivia M. H. , Geoghegan Jemma L. , Holmes Edward C.
Published: August 2020

Influenza viruses (family Orthomyxoviridae) infect a variety of vertebrates, including birds, humans, and other mammals. Recent metatranscriptomic studies have uncovered divergent influenza viruses in amphibians, fish and jawless vertebrates, suggesting that these viruses may be widely distributed. We sought to identify additional vertebrate influenza-like viruses through the analysis of publicly available RNA sequencing data. Accordingly, by data mining, we identified the complete coding segments of five divergent vertebrate influenza-like viruses. Three fell as sister lineages to influenza B virus: salamander influenza-like virus in Mexican walking fish (Ambystoma mexicanum) and plateau tiger salamander (Ambystoma velasci), siamese algae-eater influenza-like virus in siamese algae-eater fish (Gyrinocheilus aymonieri) and chum salmon influenza-like virus in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). Similarly, we identified two influenza-like viruses of amphibians that fell as sister lineages to influenza D virus: cane toad influenza-like virus and the ornate chorus frog influenza-like virus, in the cane toad (Rhinella marina) and ornate chorus frog (Microhyla fissipes), respectively. Despite their divergent phylogenetic positions, these viruses retained segment conservation and splicing consistent with transcriptional regulation in influenza B and influenza D viruses, and were detected in respiratory tissues. These data suggest that influenza viruses have been associated with vertebrates for their entire evolutionary history.
Cellular and behavioral characterization ofPcdh19mutant mice: subtle molecular changes, increased exploratory behavior and an impact of social environment
Authors: Galindo-Riera Natalia , Newbold Sylvia Adriana , Sledziowska Monika , Griffiths Jessica , Mire Erik , Martinez-Garay Isabel
Published: August 2020

Mutations in the X-linked cell adhesion protein PCDH19 lead to seizures, cognitive impairment and other behavioral comorbidities when present in a mosaic pattern. Neither the molecular mechanisms underpinning this disorder, nor the function of PCDH19 itself are well understood. By combining RNAin situhybridization with immunohistochemistry and analyzing single cell RNAseq datasets, we provide a first account of the subtypes of neurons expressingPcdh19/PCDH19, both in the mouse and the human cortex. Our quantitative analysis of thePcdh19mutant mouse reveals subtle changes in cortical layer composition, with no major alterations of the main axonal tracts. However,Pcdh19mutant animals, particularly females, display preweaning behavioral changes, including reduced anxiety and increased exploratory behavior. Our experiments also reveal an effect of the social environment on the behavior of wild-type littermates ofPcdh19mutant mice when compared with wild-type animals not housed with mutants. This is a second case of a mutated X-linked gene encoding a membrane protein expressed in the developing cortex impacting the behavior of co-housed wild-type littermates.
The X-ray constrained wavefunction of the [Mn(CO)4{(C6H5)2P-S-C(Br2)-P(C6H5)2}]Br complex: a theoretical and experimental study of dihalogen bonds and other noncovalent interactions
Authors: Van der Maelen Juan F. , Ceroni Mario , Ruiz Javier
Published: August 2020

The synthesis and X-ray structure determination of the [Mn(CO)4{(C6H5)2P-S-C(Br2)-P(C6H5)2}]Br complex (1) are described. The C—Br...Br dihalogen bond present in1has been characterized by means of topological studies of the electron density. Both the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and the electron localization function approaches have been applied to several theoretically calculated wavefunctions as well as to an X-ray constrained wavefunction. In addition, a number of theoretical techniques, such as the source function, the reduced density gradient method and the interacting quantum atoms approach, among others, have been used to analyse the dihalogen bond as well as several intramolecular interactions of the type C—H...Br—C which have also been detected in1. The results show clearly that while bonding in the latter interactions are dominated by electrostatic components, the former has a high degree of covalency.
C60in a peptidic cage: a case of symmetry mismatch studied by crystallography and solid-state NMR
Authors: Gilski Miroslaw , Bernatowicz Piotr , Sakowicz Arkadiusz , Szymański Marek P. , Zalewska Aldona , Szumna Agnieszka , Jaskólski Mariusz
Published: August 2020

A supramolecular complex, formed by encapsulation of C60fullerene in a molecular container built from two resorcin[4]arene rims zipped together by peptidic arms hydrogen bonded into a cylindrical β-sheet, was studied by X-ray crystallography, solid-state and solution NMR, EPR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystal structure, determined at 100 K, reveals that the complex occupies 422 site symmetry, which is compatible with the molecular symmetry of the container but not of the fullerene molecule, which has only 222 symmetry. The additional crystallographic symmetry leads to a complicated but discrete disorder, which could be resolved and modelled using advanced features of the existing refinement software. Solid-state NMR measurements at 184–333 K indicate that the thermal motion of C60in this temperature range is fast but has different activation energies at different temperatures, which was attributed to a phase transition, which was confirmed by DSC. Intriguingly, the activation energy for reorientations of C60in the solid state is very similar for the free and encaged molecules. Also, the rotational diffusion coefficients seem to be very similar or even slightly higher for the encaged fullerene compared to the free molecule. We also found that chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) is not the main relaxation mechanism for the13C spins of C60in the studied complex.
Revisiting the absolute chirality and polymorphism of (–)-Istanbulin A
Authors: Arancibia Luz , Naspi Mariana , Pucci Graciela , Rodriguez Maricel , Di Salvo Florencia
Published: August 2020

The terpenoid (−)-Istanbulin A is a natural product isolated from Senecio filaginoides DC, one of the 270 species of Senecio (Asteraceae) which occurs in Argentina. The structure and absolute configuration of this compound [9a-hydroxy-3,4a,5-trimethyl-4a,6,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-4H,5H-naphtho[2,3-b]-furan-2,8-dione or (4S,5R,8R,10S)-1-oxo-8β-hydroxy-10βH-eremophil-7(11)-en-12,8β-olide, C15H20O4] were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. It proved to be a sesquiterpene lactone showing an eremophilanolide skeleton whose chirality is described as 4S,5R,8R,10S. Structural results were also in agreement with the one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) NMR and HR–ESI–MS data, and other complementary spectroscopic information. In addition, (−)-Istanbulin A is a polymorph of the previously reported form of (−)-Istanbulin A, form I; thus, the title compound is denoted form II or polymorph II. Structural data and a literature search allowed the chirality of Istanbulin A to be revisited. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of (−)-Istanbulin A, form II, were evaluated in order to establish a reference for future comparisons and applications related to specific crystal forms of Istanbulins.
Conformational polymorphism in a cobalt(II) dithiocarbamate complex
Authors: Songkerdthong Jetnipat , Harding Phimphaka , Harding David J.
Published: August 2020

Two conformational polymorphs of (N,N-dibutyldithiocarbamato-κ2
S,S′)[tris(3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-yl-κN
2)hydroborato]cobalt(II), [Co(C45H34BN6)(C9H18NS2)] or [TpPh2Co(S2CNBu2)], 1, are accessible by recrystallization from dichloromethane–methanol to give orthorhombic polymorph 1a, while slow evaporation from acetonitrile produces triclinic polymorph 1b. The two polymorphs have been characterized by IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray crystallography at 150 K. Polymorphs 1a and 1b crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pbca and the triclinic space group P-1, respectively. The polymorphs have a trans (1a) and cis (1b) orientation of the butyl groups with respect to the S2CN plane of the dithiocarbamate ligand, which results in an intermediate five-coordinate geometry for 1a and a square-pyramidal geometry for 1b. Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals minor differences between the two polymorphs, with 1a exhibiting stronger C—H...S interactions and 1b favouring C—H...π interactions.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-aminopyridinium thiocyanate–4-aminopyridine (1/1)
Authors: Renugadevi M. , Sinthiya A. , Poomani Kumaradhas , Suresh Suganya
Published: August 2020

In the crystals of the title compound, C5H7N2
+·CNS−·C5H6N2, the components are linked by three N—H...N and two N—H...S hydrogen bonds, resulting in two interpenetrating three-dimensional networks. Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (36.6%), C...H/H...C (20.4%), S...H/H...S (19.7%) and N...H/H...N (13.4%) interactions.
N-(4-Ethoxy-2,5-dinitrophenyl)acetamide
Authors: Uppu Sannihith N. , Agu Ogad A. , Deere Curtistine J. , Fronczek Frank R.
Published: August 2020

In the title compound, C10H11N3O6, the torsion angles about the bonds to the benzene ring are less than 4°, except for the nitro groups, which are twisted out of the ring plane by 25.27 (3) and 43.63 (2)°. The N—H group forms a bifurcated hydrogen bond, with an intramolecular component to a nitro group O atom and an intermolecular component to the other nitro group, thereby forming chains propagating in the [010] direction. Several weak C—H...O interactions are also present.
Aligning firm's value system and open innovation: a new framework of business process management beyond the business model innovation
Authors: Abdulkader Bisan , Magni Domitilla , Cillo Valentina , Papa Armando , Micera Roberto
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Business process management (BPM) supports the creation and capture of firm value. In a dynamic context, the current approach to BPM appears to be limited and static in the face of the challenges posed by the firm's open innovation (OI) ecosystem. The main purpose of this paper is to shed light on the value co-creation through the integration of OI principles and mechanisms of value system.

Design/methodology/approach

To this aim, the paper suggested a conceptual integration of strategy and operations literature on OI and the firm's value creation system. This analysis adopted BPM lenses with specific attention to the alignment between value creation and value capture. Applying BPM lenses to the process of creating shared value sought the attainment of a comprehensive system of decisions articulated between strategy and operations.

Findings

The paper pinpoints key links between strategy models and operational planning, thus proposing a new framework that integrates the characteristics of value system and OI. The paper elaborates a new theoretical framework rooted in the extant literature conducted in BPM, business strategy and business model innovation (BMI) fields.

Originality/value

This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature in which strategy models are separately treated from the operational ones. This conceptual effort contributes to the extant literature by drawing upon a comprehensive frameworkand mapping the complex set of interactions between the firm's value chain and its innovation ecosystem.
One finance: dealing with Nigeria’s highly-skilled talent constraints
Authors: Magau Mpho Dennis , Maritz Jaco
Published: August 2020

Learning outcomes

This case study aims to provide students with: an understanding of the unique challenges companies in Africa face in attracting and retaining highly-skilled human resources. The ability to critically evaluate various talent recruitment, development and retention options available to companies in Africa.

Case overview/synopsis

This case study examines the talent management challenges faced by Chijioke Dozie, CEO of Nigeria-based financial services company One Finance (OneFi). Under the brand name Carbon, OneFi operated a digital financial services app that offered loans, bill payments, an investment platform and an electronic wallet. However, Nigeria did not have many professionals with experience in consumer lending and certain technical skills, particularly data scientists and software engineers, was hard to find. Data scientists, for instance, were not only in short supply in Nigeria but also they were in high demand globally. OneFi, therefore, competed against top employers throughout the world, but with a start-up budget. OneFi’s talent management dilemma is a common challenge faced by companies operating within under-developed African economies. The insights and learnings from this case are, therefore, also applicable to other businesses on the continent.

Complexity academic level

MBA Post Grad.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
Connecting the past with the present: the development of research on pedagogy in entrepreneurial education
Authors: Gabrielsson Jonas , Hägg Gustav , Landström Hans , Politis Diamanto
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to explore knowledge accumulation in research on pedagogy in entrepreneurship education, with particular attention to how core journal outlets, core topics and core scholarly works have developed over time.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors combine a systematic literature review technique and bibliometric analysis to depict the development of this stream of research in the period 1995–2018.

Findings

Findings from the analyses suggests that research addressing pedagogy in entrepreneurship education has developed into a coherent research theme over the past decade, with a noticeable cognitive structure in core research topics and core works, as well as a number of core journal outlets for debates and dissemination of findings.

Research limitations/implications

The study is anchored in a bibliometric research tradition and influenced by the strengths and weaknesses of this approach.

Originality/value

The paper provided contributes to the understanding of knowledge accumulation in research addressing pedagogy in entrepreneurial education.
Assessment of food heritage to improve virtuous cycles
Authors: Khatami Fahimeh , Sorano Enrico , Bechis Marco
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute the advancement of knowledge on food heritage and indigenous entrepreneurship in a non-Western country, specifically in the Persian gardens as the touristic destination for increasing the tourism and food businesses in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological approach adopted is based on qualitative and quantitative approaches to compare two representative gardens named as Bagh-Chehel-Sotoun and Bagh-Fin, as famous examples of a Persian garden in Iran. The methods supported the research to explain the lack of strategies for improving virtuous cycles in Persian gardens despite their potentials as the main places to attract many tourists.

Findings

Regarding local food and the quality of servicing, most of the visitors and tourists (85–90%) had interest to test local and traditional foods around both gardens, but they had no sufficient awareness of Iranian traditional foods. According to the tourists’ interests, the authors concluded the lack of servicing and facilities to present and introduce local and traditional food for tourists.

Research limitations/implications

Despite the limitation of local food services and lack of awareness of tourists about local foods, the implication of the study offers possible avenues to promote local food business.

Practical implications

The results could be useful for cultural heritage and tourism organizations and for investors in the economic sector due to more exploitation of the tourism industry.

Originality/value

The paper is the first work evaluating the Persian garden with a new perspective of local foods in Iran.
The effects of tourist experiential quality on perceived value and satisfaction with bed and breakfast stays in southwestern China
Authors: Feng Yan , Chen Xiaolian , Lai Ivan
Published: August 2020

Purpose

B&B stays have enjoyed popularity in China over recent decades. This study examines the impacts of the three dimensions of tourist experiential quality on the perceived functional and emotional value and customer satisfaction with B&B stays in Southwestern China.

Design/methodology/approach

Questionnaires were collected from 433 Chinese visitors in Southwestern China. Partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the significance of the relationship that exists among experiential quality, perceived value and tourist satisfaction.

Findings

The research results proved that experiential quality predicts customer satisfaction with B&B stays as mediated by perceived functional and emotional values. The specific experiential quality - fun – has the strongest effect on both perceived functional value and emotional value between the three dimensions of experiential quality.

Research limitations/implications

Since fun is viewed as the most significant element, B&B providers should consider creating a more joyful encounter for tourists. They should enrich the activities and improve service to strengthen the experiential quality perceived by the tourists. Both relational experiences and authentic local experiences should be incorporated into the activities and services provided.

Originality/value

This is likely to be the first study to investigate the influence of three dimensions of experiential quality on perceived functional and emotional value and satisfaction from the B&B industry in China. The findings provide value through actionable insights into experiential qualities, functional and emotional values that drive tourist satisfaction.
Investment review in sports leagues: financial evidence from Pakistan Super League
Authors: Aftab Rehan , Naveed Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The study invites seminal investigation on potential of investment returns in professional sports leagues. In line with scope of research, the analysis of this study brings into focus the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) and franchises pertinent to Pakistan Super League (PSL) for investment appraisal and returns analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodical aspect of research deals with financial ratios and sensitivity analysis capturing the potential of returns on investment for target sample of study.

Findings

The investment appraisal substantiates the significance of potential returns on sports projects. The returns of investment reports sluggish seasonal returns during initial phase of PSL; however, return on investment (ROI) optimized with the maturity and further capitalization of Pakistan Supper League in more concentrated competitive environment. Sensitivity analysis proves variability of returns with changes in growth prospect of franchises.

Research limitations/implications

The study provides important working knowledge for existing and potential new investors and sports boards to consider the financial investment feasibility through customized investment models and relative orientations of promotion of sports, new talent hunting and re-fabricating the structure of sports in line with new age.

Originality/value

The efficacy of research is ensured through empirical verification of data obtained from reliable sources, and the novelty of research comes from investment appraisal and analysis of growing sports league familiarized as Pakistan Super League. The research approach and target sample are quite unique in context of sports leagues literature.
Accuracy of SCORTEN and ABCD‐10 to predict mortality and the influence of renal function in Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Torres‐Navarro Ignacio , Briz‐Redón Álvaro , Botella‐Casas Gonzalo , Sahuquillo‐Torralba Antonio , Calle‐Andrino Anaid , de Unamuno‐Bustos Blanca , Piqueras‐García Jennifer , Roca Ginés Juncal , Magdaleno Tapial Jorge , Alegre de Miquel Víctor , Botella‐Estrada Rafael
Published: August 2020

Epidermal necrolysis (EN) compromises a spectrum of life‐threatening dermatoses (Stevens–Johnson Syndrome [SJS], overlap syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis [TEN]). Currently, no active therapeutic regimen with unequivocal benefit exists for SJS/TEN. SCORTEN is the widely‐used prognostic scale specific for SJS/TEN. Nevertheless, a new prognostic scale, the ABCD‐10, has been recently proposed. In this context, acute renal failure (ARF) seems to be an important comorbidity that could influence prognosis in SJS/TEN patients more than it is assumed by these two scales. Our objectives were to compare the accuracy of the SCORTEN and ABCD‐10 scales in predicting the mortality in SJS/TEN, and to investigate the influence of renal failure on prognosis. The prognostic results of 18 patients with EN treated in two referral centers between 2013 and 2018 are presented. SCORTEN, ABCD‐10 and renal function values were retrospectively collected for all patients. Out of the 18 patients who were analyzed, nine (50%) received only supportive therapy, four were treated with etanercept 50 mg in a single dose (22.2%) and five with corticosteroids (27.8%). Five patients developed ARF. Predicted mortality was 3.48 for SCORTEN and 2.33 for ABCD‐10. Eventually, four patients died (22.2%), all had ARF and none of them received active treatment. Despite study limitations and in the absence of active treatment of choice, SCORTEN behaved as a reliable predictor of mortality in patients with EN, outperforming the newer ABCD‐10. ARF was an early event associated with a poor prognosis, which could represent a prognostic marker to consider in the future.
Three cases of COVID‐19 patients presenting with erythema
Authors: Tamai Masakazu , Maekawa Aya , Goto Noriko , Ge Lindun , Nishida Tsutomu , Iwahashi Hiromi , Yokomi Akinori
Published: August 2020

Individuals infected with the novel coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2]) who develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) experience many symptoms; however, cutaneous manifestations are relatively rare. The authors encountered three patients with COVID‐19 who presented with erythema and suspected viral rash. In all cases, erythema appeared after the onset of the initial symptoms of COVID‐19. Erythema was considered to be caused by COVID‐19 and not a drug‐induced eruption because, in all cases, erythema was relieved merely by external medicine and oral antihistamines, without discontinuing the original medication. The authors’ hospital accepted 69 COVID‐19 patients between 22 February 2020 and 31 May 2020 and, of these, three (4.3%) exhibited eruptions, and all cases presented erythema. Except for seven patients who exhibited positive nasopharyngeal swab tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA but no symptoms, three (4.8%) of the remaining 62 patients exhibited erythema. Although various types of eruptions have been reported in patients with COVID‐19, erythema was the only type in our patients. Erythema in the three patients exhibited many similarities to that previously reported in COVID‐19 patients, particularly in the manner it appeared and disappeared. For these reasons, these three cases were considered typical examples of erythema in patients with COVID‐19. Considering previous studies and the three cases reported here, there is a high probability that SARS‐CoV‐2 can cause erythema.
Adalimumab in Japanese patients with active ulcers of pyoderma gangrenosum: Twenty‐six‐week phase 3 open‐label study
Authors: Yamasaki Kenshi , Yamanaka Keiichi , Zhao Yiwei , Iwano Shunsuke , Takei Keiko , Suzuki Koji , Yamamoto Toshiyuki
Published: August 2020

This phase 3 multicenter study, including 26‐week treatment and extension periods, evaluated the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in Japanese patients with active ulcers due to pyoderma gangrenosum. Patients received adalimumab 160 mg at week 0, 80 mg at week 2, and then 40 mg every week starting at week 4. Of the 22 enrolled patients, 12 (54.5%, P < 0.001) achieved the primary efficacy end‐point of pyoderma gangrenosum area reduction 100 (PGAR 100, defined as complete skin re‐epithelialization) for the target ulcer at week 26 assessed by digital planimetry. PGAR 100 response was observed as early as week 6 (13.6%) and continued to increase over time. The mean percent change from baseline in target ulcer area was −31.8% at week 6 and −63.8% at week 26. A Physician’s Global Assessment score of 0 (PGA 0, all ulcers completely clear) was achieved by two patients (9.1%) at week 6 and eight (36.4%) at week 26, while PGA 0/1 (completely/almost clear) was achieved by five (22.7%) and 12 patients (54.5%) at week 6 and 26, respectively. Mean changes from baseline in pain numeric rating scale (−1.8 at week 6 and −2.5 at week 26) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (−3.1 at week 6 and −3.6 at week 26) improved over time. Adverse events were reported by 18 patients, most commonly infections (n = 11), and serious adverse events by four. These results suggest that adalimumab is effective and generally well tolerated in Japanese patients with active ulcers of pyoderma gangrenosum.
Time‐domain sparsity promoting least‐squares reverse time migration with source estimation
Authors: Yang Mengmeng , Fang Zhilong , Witte Philipp , Herrmann Felix J.
Published: August 2020

Least‐squares reverse‐time migration is well known for its capability to generate artefact‐free true‐amplitude subsurface images through fitting observed data in the least‐squares sense. However, when applied to realistic imaging problems, this approach is faced with issues related to overfitting and excessive computational costs induced by many wave‐equation solves. The fact that the source function is unknown complicates this situation even further. Motivated by recent results in stochastic optimization and transform‐domain sparsity promotion, we demonstrate that the computational costs of inversion can be reduced significantly while avoiding imaging artefacts and restoring amplitudes. While powerful, these new approaches do require accurate information on the source‐time function, which is often lacking. Without this information, the imaging quality deteriorates rapidly. We address this issue by presenting an approach where the source‐time function is estimated on the fly through a technique known as variable projection. Aside from introducing negligible computational overhead, the proposed method is shown to perform well on imaging problems with noisy data and problems that involve complex settings such as salt. In either case, the presented method produces high‐resolution high‐amplitude fidelity images including an estimate for the source‐time function. In addition, due to its use of stochastic optimization, we arrive at these images at roughly one to two times the cost of conventional reverse‐time migration involving all data.
2D and 3D amplitude‐preserving elastic reverse time migration based on the vector‐decomposed P‐ and S‐wave records
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gao Jinghuai , Gao Zhaoqi , Shi Ying
Published: August 2020

The elastic reverse time migration approach based on the vector‐wavefield decomposition generally uses the scalar product imaging condition to image the multicomponent seismic data. However, the resulting images contain the crosstalk artefacts and the polarity reversal problems, which are caused by the nonphysical wave modes and the angle‐dependent reduction of image amplitudes, respectively. To overcome these two problems, we develop an amplitude‐preserving elastic reverse time migration approach based on the vector‐decomposed P‐ and S‐wave seismic records. This approach includes two key points. The first is that we employ the vector‐decomposed P‐ and S‐wave multicomponent records to independently reconstruct the PP and PS reflection images to mitigate the crosstalk artefacts. The second is that we propose two schemes in addressing the issue of polarity reversal problem in the conventional PP image. One solution is to adopt the angle‐dependent equation. Another one is to reconstruct an amplitude‐preserving PP image with a separated scalar P‐wave particle velocity, which has a clear physical meaning. Numerical examples using two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional models demonstrate that the proposed elastic reverse time migration approach can provide the images with better amplitude‐preserving performance and fewer crosstalk artefacts, compared with the conventional elastic reverse time migration approach based on the scalar product imaging condition.
An ecosystem ecology perspective on artificial reef production
Authors: Layman Craig A. , Allgeier Jacob E.
Published: August 2020

Artificial reefs are used around the world for many purposes, including widespread deployment to increase fishery yields. These reefs are well‐studied from a direct fisheries‐based perspective, drawing largely on traditional theory and methodological approaches from population and community ecology.

Here we provide an alternative perspective using basic tenets of ecosystem ecology. We focus largely on primary production, as this ecosystem process necessarily constrains the secondary production of fish and invertebrates.

We use this ecosystem ecology viewpoint to examine the long‐standing attraction/production question—do artificial reefs support ‘new’ fish production or simply attract individuals from other habitats? Central to this discussion is identifying ecological thresholds and self‐reinforcing feedbacks. For example, biological or physical processes may facilitate reaching nutrient supply thresholds where fundamental ecological dynamics are shifted, such as enhanced seagrass allocation of resources to above‐ground plant structures following aggregation of fish around reefs.

Synthesis and applications. We propose that the scope for enhanced primary productivity (or other accelerated ecosystem processes) is an under‐utilized guideline that can be used to prioritize artificial reef deployment as part of broader coastal management programmes. Such an ecosystem ecology perspective may provide new insights into the ecological role of artificial reefs and guide the optimization of their deployment and management.
Asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on India's cross‐border trade: Evidence from global financial crisis and multiple threshold nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model
Authors: Hashmi Shabir Mohsin , Chang Bisharat Hussain , Shahbaz Muhammad
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on India's cross‐border trade with its major trading partners: Japan, Germany, the United States, and China. We extend previous studies in two ways. First, we examine whether global financial crisis changes the asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on India's cross‐border trade. Next, we divide exchange rate volatility into quintiles and examine the effect of each quintile on cross‐border trade by using the multiple threshold nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (MTNARDL) model. Our findings from standard nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) indicate that the asymmetric relationship between exchange rate volatility and cross‐border trade changes as a result of global financial crisis. In addition, findings from MTNARDL indicate that in short‐run, exchange rate volatility symmetrically affects India's cross‐border trade with all sample countries whereas in long‐run it asymmetrically affects cross‐border trade. Overall, these findings are very important for policy implications and open a new dimension to exchange rate volatility and trade flows.
Aid for Trade and services export diversification in recipient countries
Authors: Gnangnon Sèna K.
Published: August 2020

This article examines the effect of Aid for Trade (AfT) flows on services export diversification in recipient countries. The empirical analysis has relied on a sample of 100 recipient countries (of which 31 least developed countries [LDCs]) over the period 2002–2014, and used the two‐step system generalised methods of moments (GMM) approach. It shows that total AfT as well as its components—AfT for services sectors and AfT for non‐services sectors—exert a positive effect on services export diversification over the full sample. Additionally, over the full sample, there is a positive effect of the cumulative AfT flows over time (for both total AfT flows and its components) on services export diversification. However, findings are different for LDCs and NonLDCs. Specifically, AfT for services sectors exerts a positive effect on services export diversification in both LDCs and NonLDCs, although the magnitude of this positive effect is higher for NonLDCs than for LDCs. Furthermore, the effect of the cumulative AfT flows for services sectors and that of the cumulative AfT flows for services sectors are positively associated with services export diversification in both LDCs, and NonLDCs, with the magnitude of the positive effects being higher in LDCs than in NonLDCs.
The effects of glossing on incidental vocabulary learning during second language reading: based on an eye‐tracking study
Authors: Ouyang Jinghui , Huang Lingshan , Jiang Jingyang
Published: August 2020

Providing glosses that explain the meanings of unknown words is a common method of promoting learners' learning of new words. Numerous studies have shown that compared with no‐gloss condition, glosses benefit the learning of the meaning of new words. This study combines both online (i.e., eye‐tracking) and offline (i.e., immediate vocabulary tests) measures to investigate the influences of glosses on incidental vocabulary learning and evaluating the degree to which glossing influences reading behaviour during second language (L2) reading. The eye movements of 45 high‐intermediate adult learners of English were recorded when they read a text presented on‐screen. Two different text versions (both with 17 new words) were presented to two different groups of participants: first language (L1) textual glossed and no‐glossed. After reading, unannounced vocabulary tests were administered to gauge learners' recall and recognition of vocabulary meaning. Learners performed better in meaning recall and meaning recognition tests under L1‐glossed condition. Eye‐tracking measures of the target words were significantly different in two conditions. Eye‐tracking measures of new words and their glosses in L1‐glossed condition were significantly correlated with learners' scores of vocabulary tests. L1 glosses promote the learning of the meaning of new words in an incidental condition. The attention allocated to the new words is different in L1‐glossed and no‐glossed conditions. More importantly, there is a relationship between the online reading behaviour and the vocabulary test performance in gloss condition.
Resilience to Food Insecurity: Theory and Empirical Evidence from International Food Assistance in Malawi
Authors: Lascano Galarza Monserrath Ximena
Published: August 2020

This research investigates the impacts of food assistance on resilience to food insecurity of the beneficiary households under the World Food Programme and Oxfam America’s project “The R4 Rural Resilience Initiative” implemented in rural and vulnerable areas of Malawi during the period 2015‐2016. The empirical analysis uses three main techniques: the Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis II methodology of the Food and Agriculture Organization to measure resilience and food security; a reflexive method for a descriptive performance assessment; matching techniques for impact evaluation. The performance analysis and the impact evaluation reveal positive and significant relationships between programme interventions and resilience to food insecurity, showing also improved household access to loans insurance and savings.
Molecular basis and regulation of pathogenicity and patulin biosynthesis in Penicillium expansum
Authors: Li Boqiang , Chen Yong , Zhang Zhanquan , Qin Guozheng , Chen Tong , Tian Shiping
Published: August 2020

Penicillium expansum is a necrotrophic plant pathogen with a wide range of fruit hosts. It causes blue mold rot during fruit storage, transport, and sale, resulting in huge economic losses to the fruit industry. Moreover, this pathogen is also the main producer of patulin, a toxic secondary metabolite that contaminates fruit and fruit‐derived products and impairs human health. Therefore, understanding molecular basis of the pathogenicity and patulin biosynthesis of the fungal pathogen has important scientific significance and also plays an important guiding role in the research and development of new control technologies. Here, we comprehensively summarize the recent research progress, particularly regarding the molecular aspects of pathogenicity, patulin biosynthesis, and the related regulatory mechanisms, as well as control technologies for blue mold rot in the fruit industry.
Disconnected human resource? Proximity and the (mis)management of workplace conflict
Authors: Saundry Richard , Fisher Virginia , Kinsey Sue
Published: August 2020

The development of more remote sources of advice has been a notable feature of the contemporary human resource (HR) function. However, the consequences for the management of workplace conflict are largely ignored within the academic literature. This study draws on data from two qualitative studies, which examine the experiences of HR practitioners (HRPs), line managers and trade union representatives in handling and resolving conflict. It explores how different dimensions of organisational proximity shape the relationships between HRPs and other key stakeholders, and the impact of this on conflict management. The findings suggest that formal, risk averse approaches to conflict are not simply a result of geographical distance. Instead, functional specialisation has not only eroded cognitive and social proximity between HRPs, line managers and employee representatives but also within the HR function itself. This has triggered the reinforcement of bureaucratic control and embedded responses that emphasise compliance rather than resolution.
Analytical strategy coupled to chemometrics to differentiate Camellia sinensis tea types based on phenolic composition, alkaloids, and amino acids
Authors: Jiang Hao , Zhang Mengting , Wang Dongxu , Yu Feng , Zhang Na , Song Chuankui , Granato Daniel
Published: August 2020

Catechins, amino acids, and alkaloids are primary chemical components of tea and play a crucial role in determining tea quality. Their composition and content largely vary among different types of tea. In this study, a convenient chemical classification method was developed for six Camellia sinensis tea types (white, green, oolong, black, dark, and yellow) based on the quantification of their major components. Twenty‐one free amino acids, 6 catechins, 2 alkaloids, and gallic acid in 24 teas were quantified using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The total catechin contents in these tea samples ranged from 10.96 to 95.67 mg/g, while total free amino acid content ranged from 2.63 to 25.89 mg/g. Theanine (Thea) was the most abundant amino acid in all tea varieties. Catechin and amino acid levels in tea were markedly reduced upon fermentation of tea. Furthermore, high‐temperature processing (roasting) during tea production induced degradation and epimerization of catechins, yielding epimerized catechins, simple catechins, and gallic acid. Principal component analysis revealed that major ester‐catechins (EGCG and ECG), major amino acids (Thea), and major alkaloids (caffeine) are potential factors for distinguishing different types of tea. Linear discriminant analysis showed that 100% of teas were correctly classified in which (+)‐catechin, ECG, EGC, gallic acid, GABA, cysteine, lysine, and threonine were the most discriminating compounds. This study shows that quantification of the major tea components combined with chemometric analysis, can serve as a simple, convenient, and reliable approach for classifying tea according to fermentation level.

Practical Application

Different Camellia sinensis tea types can be produced worldwide but it is still challenging to know which chemical markers can be used to trace their production. in this paper we used a targeted methodology to classify six tea types (white, green, oolong, black, dark, and yellow) based on phenolic composition, alkaloids, and amino acids. The main chemical markers responsible for the discrimination were pinpointed with the use of chemometric tools.
The Influence of Climate Variability on the Accuracy of NHD Perennial and Nonperennial Stream Classifications
Authors: Hafen Konrad C. , Blasch Kyle W. , Rea Alan , Sando Roy , Gessler Paul E.
Published: August 2020

National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) stream permanence classifications (SPC; perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral) are widely used for data visualization and applied science, and have implications for resource policy and management. NHD SPC were assigned using a combination of topographic field surveys and interviews with local residents. However, previous studies indicate that non‐NHD, in situ streamflow observations (NNO) frequently disagree with NHD SPC. We hypothesized that differences in annual climate conditions between map creation years and the years NNO were collected contributed to disagreement between NNO and NHD SPC. We compared NHD SPC to 10,055 NNO (classified as “wet” or “dry”) collected in the Pacific Northwest between 1977 and 2015. Annual climate conditions were described with the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Stream order was added as a covariate to account for different effects along the stream network. NHD SPC agreed with 80.5% of NNO. “Dry” NNO were five times more likely to disagree with NHD than “wet” NNO (p < 0.0001). Disagreement was greatest on first‐order streams. When NHD SPC were collected during a wetter period than NNO the probability of disagreement increased by a factor of 1.17 (p < 0.0001) per unit difference in PDSI. The influence of climate on disagreements between NNO and NHD SPC provides support for the continued development of dynamic models representing SPC as opposed to static NHD classifications.
Financial Advice Seeking: A Review of the Barriers and Benefits
Authors: Westermann Steffen , Niblock Scott J. , Harrison Jennifer L. , Kortt Michael A.
Published: August 2020

This paper reviews the literature on the perceived individual‐level demand‐side barriers to and benefits from seeking and following financial advice. Our review reveals that poor financial literacy, lack of trust and financial adviser anxiety have all been found to dissuade individuals from pursuing professional financial advice. The limited literature on the effectiveness of financial advice in terms of financial well‐being suggests a positive link. However, no study has collectively examined the influence of financial literacy, trust and financial adviser anxiety on financial advice seeking and well‐being in Australia. We conclude by discussing further gaps, policy recommendations, the recently introduced amendments to the Australian Corporations Act and several directions for future research, which may provide theoretical and practical benefits to policy‐makers, industry professionals, academics and individuals.
Effects of avitinib on the pharmacokinetics of osimertinib in vitro and in vivo in rats
Authors: Wu Qingjun , Jiang Hui , Wang Shuanghu , Dai Dapeng , Chen Feifei , Meng Deru , Geng Peiwu , Tong Hongfeng , Zhou Yunfang , Pan Debiao , Zhou Quan , Wang Chunjie
Published: August 2020

Background

Avitinib is one type of the third‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of avitinib on the pharmacokinetics of osimertinib, one FDA approved third‐generation TIKI, both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

The in vitro metabolic stability and inhibitory effect of avitinib on osimertinib were assessed with rat liver microsomes (RLM) to determine its IC50 values. For the in vivo study, 18 Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the avitinib multiple dose group (30 mg/kg avitinib once daily for seven days), the avitinib single dose group (PEG200 once daily for six days and a dose of 30 mg/kg avitinib in PEG200 on day 7) and the control group (equal amounts of PEG200 once daily for seven days). Next, all rats were given osimertinib at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. UPLC/MS‐MS was used for the determination of the concentration of osimertinib in plasma.

Results

In vitro analysis revealed that the IC50 value of osimertinib in rat liver microsomes was 27.6 μM. When rats were pretreated with avitinib, the values of AUC and MRT of the osimertinib were increased, and its Cmax and Tmax were significantly extended, whereas the values of CLz/F were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that a drug‐drug interaction between avitinib and osimertinib occurred and more attention should be paid when avitinib and osimertinib are synchronously administered in clinic.

Key points

Significant findings of the study

Osimertinib is the only market available third‐generation EGFR‐TKI and it has been reported that some drugs could have drug‐drug interactions with it.

What this study adds

For the first time, we systematically investigated the effect of avitinib, one newly developed third‐generation EGFR‐TKI, on the pharmacokinetics of osimertinib both in vitro and in vivo using a rat model.