bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of Indigenous Adaptation Practices in Ecosystem-based Adaptation at Medir Haor, Bangladesh using DPSIR framework
Authors:   Senior Programme Manager, Climate Change Programme, BRAC Centre,, Chakraborty Tapas Ranjan , Rahman Syed   Hafizur ,   Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh
Published: February 2025

Indigenous Adaptation Practices in the wetland basin have proven evidence of coping with climate extremes. Since the 80s the intensity of the hydro-meteorological hazards has increased. The community of the Medir Haor under Nasirnagar upazila of Brahmanbaria district, Bangladesh. Primarily farmers and fishermen are practicing indigenous adaptation practices since the structured adaptation projects are yet to be implemented in this area. The study was conducted from January 2017 to September 2022 in the villages of the Medir Haor having community consultations, Focus Group Discussions, and Key Informant Interviews. The DPSIR (Driver-ForcesPressures-State-Impacts-Responses) framework has been used to identify the responses toward the betterment of the ecosystem and the Ecosystem-based Adaptation options. The community has identified (1) Protection of fisheries resources and diversification of fisheries-based livelihoods; (2) Crop diversification and introduction of winter crops in the crop fields of Haor; (3) Strengthen the communication system including the road networks; (4) Make available the extreme weather information for community preparedness; (5) Improve the health supports as Ecosystem-based Adaptation options where tradition practices like dry sowing of paddy; Seedbed sowing for the second time; Bhura, a roundish water hyacinth floating bed; Early harvesting for diga dhan; Cultivating Dhaincha, Sesbania bispinosa; Khola; Bathan, the grazing land; Peritana, taking out the mud from the deep pools; Mana, traditional fishing is forbidden side; Changari and Airbandh may have potential uses. The study has identified the contribution of indigenous knowledge toward Ecosystem-based Adaptation.
Desempeño Profesional en Cuba del Licenciado en Optometría y Óptica en el Manejo del Glaucoma
Authors: Suárez Cuza Inalvis , Pérez Fernández Aniuska , Lominchar Agüero Ilena Laine , Martínez Palmer Idalmis , Cuba Poll Adisleidys , Muñoz Alonso Letisia , León Vázquez Taimy
Published: February 2025

Relevancia: La importancia del mejoramiento del desempeño profesional en Cuba del licenciado en Optometría y Óptica en la atención del paciente con Glaucoma.Resumen: En este trabajo se identifican los principales elementos del mejoramiento del desempeño profesional del licenciado en Optometría y Óptica en la atención del pacientes con Glaucoma desde la superación. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, consistente en una revisión y análisis documental, sobre todo de revisiones sistemáticas publicadas en revistas indexadas en las bases de datos: SciELO y Medline. Los elementos esenciales en la formación permanente y continuada del licenciado en Optometría y Óptica van a propiciar el mejoramiento del desempeño profesional desde la superación en la atención del paciente con Glaucoma. Por las características propias de la enfermedad, este licenciado debe tener presente que adquiriendo habilidades en la realización de acciones de promoción y prevención de la progresión del Glaucoma, así como logrando un correcto manejo de los procederes tecnológicos ópticos y optométricos dirigidos al diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad, puede evitar la discapacidad visual en conjunto al médico Especialista en Oftalmología. Identificados los principales elementos del mejoramiento del desempeño profesional del licenciado en Optometría y Óptica en la atención del pacientes con Glaucoma desde la superación, se impone tener en cuenta estos elementos para la planificación de una Estrategia como alternativa de superación para el mejoramiento del desempeño profesional de este profesional en esta área del saber.
A cultural-historical shift in Denmarkin views on childhood sexualityand practices in childcare institutions,influenced by fears of child sexual abuse
Authors:   , Buch Leander Else-Marie
Published: February 2025

Since the 1980s, the fear of child sexual abuse (CSA) has become a major cultural feature of the West. Internationally, the unintended consequences of this fear are rarely investigated, and doing so is often controversial. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate these consequences. The dissertation has two key focuses: 1) the influence of the fear of CSA on staff practices, male childcare-staff working conditions, and teacher–child relationships at childcare institutions; 2) the influence of the fear of CSA on the view of childhood sexuality and childcare institutions’ practices surrounding children’s sexual behavior. The dissertation is based on two major empirical studies. One was a mixed methods survey regarding guidelines for protecting children against CSA, and staff against wrongful allegations of this, in which approximately one-quarter of Danish childcare facilities participated. This study also addressed these institutions’ rules regarding children’s nudity and sexual games. The other study investigated the changes in the view of childhood sexuality and nudity in the Danish education and care journal, Børn&Unge (Children&Youth), over 50 years: 1970–2019, in particular the emergence of the “child perpetrator of sexual abuse” in the late 1990s. The main method used in the dissertation is discourse analysis. The conceptual framework includes discourse theory, Foucault’s theory of discipline, and literature on fear. This dissertation, which presents one of the most substantial empirical research projects conducted to investigate the multiple effects and unintended consequences of the widespread fear of CSA, documents an important cultural shift at Danish childcare facilities. It shows that the fear of CSA has had a significant impact on practices and relationships at Danish childcare institutions, enforcing self-defense strategies among staff and resulting in a general disciplining of bodies, and the behavior of both staff and children, which has reduced trust, care, intimacy, learning opportunities, and children’s sexual play. In particular, this dissertation reveals how this development has created social outcasts, even among the children it aimed to protect; it has stigmatized male childcare professionals and influenced the panic surrounding childhood sexuality that identifies some children as perpetrators of sexual abuse.
”Det handler om at gøre paletten større – i Danmark og ude i verden”
Authors: Rasmussen Annegrethe
Published: February 2025

”Diversitet eller mangfoldighed er simpelthen et gode. Du får flere aspekter og erfaringer med ind i beslutningsprocessen,” siger Danmarks første kvindelige regeringsleder, Helle Thorning-Schmidt. Selv var hun aldrig i tvivl om, at hun blev vejet og målt på sit køn, og det gav både fordele og ulemper.
Kurdiske kvinder kæmper mange kampe
Authors: Topal Mustafa Kemal
Published: February 2025

Politiske debatter om muslimske lande føres tit uden øje for køn som et væsentligt aspekt og uden øje for kvinderne som involverede aktører i en bestemt historisk og geografisk kontekst. Et nuanceret billede af den kurdiske kvindebevægelse i Nordsyrien viser, at en ny udvikling af kønnede positioner i Mellemøsten kan være mulig.
Kampen for abortretten i Latinamerika
Authors: Sørensen Anne M.
Published: February 2025

Mens kvinder i Vesten tager retten til abort for givet, er den en sjæl- denhed i det katolske Latinamerika. I visse lande kan selv en spontan og ufrivillig abort medføre lange fæng- selsstraffe. Men det er ved at ændre sig – se bare på Argentina.
Alle vinder, når vi investerer i piger og kvinder
Authors: Tørnæs Ulla
Published: February 2025

Vi når ikke verdensmålene i 2030, hvis vi ikke får pigerne og kvinder-ne med ombord. Hvis ikke vi styrker kvinders og pigers rettigheder og sikrer dem bedre muligheder for livsudfoldelse, så har resten af FN’s verdensmål trange kår. Retten til at bestemme over egen krop er fuldstændig afgørende.
Macrons udenrigspolitiske og europæiske visioner
Authors: Malling Biering Kirsten
Published: February 2025

Få europæiske ledere har talt og skrevet mere om deres udenrigspolitiske og europæiske visioner end Emmanuel Macron. Her tegner DIIS-forsker og Danmarks tidligere ambassadør i Paris Kirsten Biering et øjebliksbillede af verdenssituationen set fra Élysée-paladset.
Polen: Fra EU’s nye håb til et demokrati i forfald
Authors: Kold-Hansen Nathalie
Published: February 2025

Demokratiet er under pres, retten til abort er fjernet, LGBT-personer er jaget vildt og klimakampen droppet. Hvad gik galt i Polen?
Fra redaktionen: En verden i forandring
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: February 2025

Læs og bliv klogere. Verden er i rivende udvikling, men husk at trække vejret, tage et skridt tilbage og tænke selv. Rigtig god fornøjelse!
Københavnerskolen
Authors: Wæver Ole
Published: February 2025

Et land kan vinde meget ved at have sin egen ’skole’ indenfor et videnskabeligt felt. I denne artikel beretter professor Ole Wæver om sine erfaringer med at skabe en skole, der brød med den daværende tradition for amerikansk dominans i international politik og satte Danmark på landkortet.
Niels Bohr Institutet: Før og nu
Authors: D. Jackson Andrew
Published: February 2025

Siden dets start har Niels Bohr Institutet været en international videns hub i København. Et sted, hvor forskere fra hele verden ogpå tværs af kulturelle skel har dyrket fysikvidenskaben på højeste niveau. I dag kan visionen dog være truet af fondspolitik og eksterne midler. Andrew D. Jackson tegner et portræt af et af Danmarks mest berømte universitetsinstitutter.
Anmeldelse: Anatomi af den syriske tragedie
Authors: Seeberg Peter
Published: February 2025

Man bliver meget klogere og meget mere deprimeret af at læse Leila Vignals analyse af den syriske borgerkrig War-Torn. Kynisk brug af byødelæggelser og etnisk udrensning har bidraget til, at Assad har magten i det ødelagte land.
Vil Tunesien vise vejen for et arabisk forår?
Authors: Barfod Mikael
Published: February 2025

I de fleste arabiske lande er Foråret blevet undertrykt og har ført til krig og konflikt. Men i Tunesien er det stadig håb. Men slaget er ikke slut.
Hanseforbundet viser vejen for fremtidens verdensorden
Authors: Kortunov Andrej
Published: February 2025

Hanseforbundets tilblivelse, udvikling, opblomstring og forfald er ikke kun af interesse for historikere. Principper og elementer fra ’Hanse-modellen’ kan meget vel blive bærende i opbygningen af det 21. århundredes nye verdensorden.
Fælles om den digitale fremtid
Authors: Engtoft Larsen Anne Marie
Published: February 2025

Danmark er et af verdens mest digitaliserede lande. Den platform bruger vi til at præge den internationale teknologiudvikling. For det kræver samarbejde, partnerskaber og nytænkning, hvis teknologiens skyggesider skal håndteres, imens dens positive  potentiale sættes fri.
Regulering af Big Tech er uundgåelig
Authors: Villarreal Villumsen Katrine
Published: February 2025

Sytten år efter Facebooks opfindelse er Republikanerne og Demokraterne nu enige om, at Big Tech skal reguleres. Spørgsmålet er bare hvordan.
Da menneskerettighederne blev digitale
Authors: Flindt Pedersen Charlotte
Published: February 2025

Fra internettets start til i dag er der sket meget indenfor menneskerettigheder  i det digitale rum. Det Udenrigspolitiske Selskabs direktør, Charlotte Flindt Pedersen, har talt med Rikke Frank Jørgensen, der er seniorforsker ved Institut for Menneskerettigheder om udviklingen.
Risici og muligheder for Afghanistan
Authors: Ghani Ashraf
Published: February 2025

En vej til fred for landet og regionen.
En rejse på tværs af grænser og begreber
Authors: Chemlali Ahlam
Published: February 2025

Rent juridisk er der enorm forskel på at være migrant og flygtning. Men i praksis kan de, der starter som migranter, hurtigt blive flygtninge, og flygtninge kan med tiden blive migranter. I fremtiden vil det sandsynligvis blive endnu vanskeligere at skelne klart.
Rejsen til Europa
Authors: Sparre-Ulrich Ida
Published: February 2025

32-årige Yacob Ghebrehewit rejste i 2014 fra Eritrea til Danmark over Middelhavet. Ligesom mange andre eritreere søgte han væk fra et af verdens mest militariserede og undertrykkende lande, fordi han ikke kunne skifte job eller forsørge sin familie.
Krig i Ukraine – hvorfor er EU ikke til stede i Polen?
Authors: Ingemann Johansen Anne
Published: February 2025

Efter krigen i Ukraine står EU i den største flygtningekrise siden Anden Verdenskrig. Polen har modtaget over tre gange så mange flygtninge, som der ankom til hele EU under ’flygtningekrisen’ i 2015. Hverken EU’s grænse- eller asylagentur er dog til stede i landet. Den polske selvhjulpenhed vidner om, at EU endnu ikke er nået til enighed om et fælles værdisæt, der kan danne grundlag for en bevogtning af de ydre grænser og håndtering af asylansøgere.
EU’s brutale og forfejlede kamp mod migranter
Authors: Bjarnesen Jesper
Published: February 2025

EU kæmper med brutale midler for at holde afrikanske migranter fra døren. Men meget af debatten og politikken er baseret på fordomme og myter uden ret meget grund i virkeligheden. Imens har EU faktisk brug for arbejdskraften.
Den grønne omstillings beskidte bagside
Authors: Jespersgaard Jakobsen Line
Published: February 2025

Det kræver umådeligt mange råstoffer og mineraler at bygge vindmøller, batterier og solceller. Passer vi ikke på, bliver den grønne omstilling til en rovdrift på klodens andre ressourcer. Vi må væk fra vækstmantraet.
Sociale medier er blevet et propagandavåben
Authors: Lehmann-Jacobsen Emilie
Published: February 2025

Det er ikke gået magthavernes næse forbi, at verdens befolkning i stigende grad får deres informationer fra sociale medier. Ligesom klassiske medier gennem tiden er blevet brugt til kampagneførelse og propaganda, er sociale medier i dag blevet en ny favorit. Ikke mindst i autoritære regimer.
Leder: Post-pandemi mellem autokrati og oprør
Authors: Brøgger Suzanne
Published: February 2025

Kloden har feber, men krisen har vist, at vi kan leve på andre måder.
’Vores’ globale øjeblik: Fra pandemi til global identitetskamp
Authors: Malmvig Helle
Published: February 2025

Midt i en pandemi fik George Floyds voldelige død racedebatten til at eksplodere. Samtidigt er cancel-culture krigene i fuld gang. Hvordan får vi skabt et offentligt rum, hvor der er reel ytringsfrihed og folk lytter til og lærer af hinanden? Det er vor tids store udfordring.
Corona har presset Sydafrika i bund
Authors: Stjerneklar Jørgen
Published: February 2025

Afrikas næststørste økonomi bløder. Landet er det hårdest ramte på kontinentet. På trods af en massiv og hurtig reaktion på epidemien, er virus langt fra under kontrol i det meste af landet. Sundhedsvæsenet er presset i bund i otte ud af ni provinser.
Kinas nye kejser
Authors: Brødsgaard Kjeld Erik
Published: February 2025

Kinas præsident Xi Jinping har samlet magten hos sig selv mere end no- gen leder siden Mao og kan blive siddende på livstid. Indtil videre er det gået godt, og Kina er kommet godt gennem første fase af coronakrisen. Men den ekstreme centralisering rummer også store farer.
Anmeldelse: Et USA uden klar retning
Authors: Federspiel Ulrik
Published: February 2025

Anmeldelse af bogen 'The Room Where It Happened'
Der har altid været behov for diplomatiet
Authors: Østergaard Uffe
Published: February 2025

Lige fra de første store riger opstod, har der været diplomater. Oprindeligt kunne herskerne slet ikke mødes fysisk, fordi det gik ud over deres selvbillede som enestående guder. Sådan er det ikke længere, men diplomatiets kunst er under konstant udvikling.
Arktisk diplomati i en pandemi
Authors: Winkler Thomas
Published: February 2025

De geopolitiske spændinger i Arktis er stigende, men det betyder ikke, at samarbejdet er i krise. Faktisk er det vigtigere end nogensinde. Og det går godt. Men den fælles ambition om lavspænding er under pres på grund af den geopolitiske udvikling.
Vi tabte
Authors: Sheikh Jacob
Published: February 2025

Siden angrebet på World Trade Center i 2001 har jihadisme og krigen mod terror været nøgleord i Danmarks udenrigspolitik i Mellemøsten. Men vores midler og metoder har vist sig at være helt forkerte. Udenrigs bringer et uddrag af Jakob Sheiks bog Vi tabte om Afghanistan.
Bognoter
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: February 2025

I denne omgang af Udenrigs’ bognoter vender vi blikket mod terrorangrebet 9. september 2001. Bliv i dette bogudvalg klogere på, hvordan angrebet førte til krigen i Afghanistan, og hvordan 9/11 har påvirket amerikansk politik siden.
Tre nedslag i Zilmer-rapporten
Authors: Brun Pedersen Rasmus , Howard Grøn Caroline
Published: February 2025

Den nye Zilmer-rapport om Danmarks forsvars- og sikkerhedspolitik frem mod 2035 forudsætter en markant ændring af den danske forsvars- og sikkerhedspolitik. Det kommer til at påvirke særligt tre områder ifølge to lektorer fra Aarhus Universitet.
Kampen om FN’s sjæl
Authors: Riis Andersen Louise
Published: February 2025

FN er under pres, men den øgede stormagtrivalisering og coronakrisen skaber også muligheder for verdensorganisationen. Den realisme, der har båret den gennem de første 75 år, er stadig vejen frem.
FN’s generalsekretær gennem tiderne
Authors: Larsen Kirsten
Published: February 2025

Den sekulære pave, verdens moralske kompas, diplomaten over alle diplomater. Der er blevet hæftet mange fine ord og titler på FN’s generalsekretær gennem tiderne. Men alle, der har fået posten, er blevet valgt ud fra forventningen om, at de ikke generer nogle af de store lande. Den nuværende generalsekretær fik en sværere start end de fleste.
Bureaukratiets bogstavsuppe
Authors: Jonasson Torleif , Wium-Andersen Anne Marie
Published: February 2025

Selv eksperter kan hurtigt fare vild i FN-systemets alfabetsupper af forkortelser for alverdens organer, underorganisationer, udvalg og arbejdsgrupper.
USA må ikke opgive FN
Authors: Lee Kristine , Dalegaard Hansen Ane
Published: February 2025

Når Amerika trækker sig, vinder Kina.
Canadas lange kamp for multilateralismen
Authors: Top Christensen Jan
Published: February 2025

I årtier var Canada duksen i det multilaterale arbejde i en lang periode. I de senere er det gået voldsomt tilbage. Kan landet vende tilbage til den rolle?
Er en krig i Middelhavet under opsejling?
Authors: Pelt Mogens
Published: February 2025

Krisen mellem Tyrkiet og Grækenland er spidset til i den senere tid. Kampen står om retten til havet og havbundens ressourcer, og det kan blive blodigt, selv om ingen af parterne søger en krig.
Intervention en matière d’interlégalité dans l’affaire Bissonnette de la Cour suprême
du Canada : la relation entre le droit pénal international et le droit pénal
canadien
Authors: Vincent-Wright Sarah-Michèle , Cohen Miriam , Beaulac Stéphane
Published: February 2025

Faisant suite au mémoire d’intervention des auteur.e.s dans l’affaire
Bissonnette de la Cour suprême du Canada, le présent article vise à éclairer le
contexte jurisprudentiel entourant la grille d’analyse à laquelle les juges sont invités à
souscrire en cas de recours à la normativité de droit international pour interpréter et
appliquer le droit interne canadien, en l’occurrence le régime des peines en vertu des
articles 7 et 12 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés. En plus de
clarifier la juste valeur persuasive des normes de droit pénal international dans
l’interprétation de la Charte canadienne à la lumière des enseignements devant être
tirés de la jurisprudence du plus haut tribunal du pays en matière d’interlégalité, il est
question de nuancer et de mettre en contexte les principes entourant le réexamen des peines
en droit pénal international, s’agissant d’un régime distinct de celui prévu en droit
interne canadien. Essentiellement, cet exercice de consolidation des acquis en matière
d’interlégalité contribue à corriger l’ambiguïté laissée par la Cour d’appel du Québec,
susceptible de mener à l’instabilité et à l’imprévisibilité du droit jurisprudentiel dans
notre pays, n’eut été le redressement apporté par la Cour suprême du Canada.
Intervention in the Supreme Court of Canada's Bissonnette case: Assessing the
relationship between international and Canadian criminal law
Authors: Vincent-Wright Sarah-Michèle , Cohen Miriam , Beaulac Stéphane
Published: February 2025

This article, which follows the authors' intervention in the Bissonnette
case before the Supreme Court of Canada, highlights the jurisprudential context
surrounding the analytical framework upon which judges are called to base their
interpretation and application of Canadian domestic law - in this case, the sentencing
regime under sections 7 and 12 of the Canadian Charter - when resorting to the normativity
of international law. In addition to clarifying the persuasive value of international
criminal law norms in the interpretation of the Canadian Charter, this paper seeks to nuance
the principles of sentencing review under international criminal law, which differ from
those under Canadian domestic law. Essentially, this consolidation of existing interlegal
principles serves to correct the ambiguity left by the Quebec Court of Appeal, which, had it
not been for the Supreme Court decision, could have led to the instability and
unpredictability of the case law on the application of international law in Canadian
law.
Jueces constitucionales comisarios: la operatividad del límite al poder estatal puesta en duda
Authors: Gálvez Galisteo Juan
Published: February 2025

Existe una tendencia en la dinámica políticoconstitucional de intentar designar magistrados constitucionales afines al partido que los nombra, esto son los jueces constitucionales comisarios. Diversas fórmulas han sido propuestas para frenar esta “colonización” institucional en aras de no pervertir la razón de ser de una institución fundamental para la democracia constitucional. La deriva populistaautoritaria también agrava la preocupación, pudiendo ser un Tribunal Constitucional un instrumento que impulse o frene esas inercias. La judicialización de la política nos coloca en un contexto en el que los jueces constitucionales pueden tener la última palabra del debate político, por esta razón, los partidos políticos luchan por verse representados en el seno del Tribunal, como si éste fuese una 3ª Cámara. La funcionalidad de la justicia constitucional debe ser salvada con un fuerte compromiso institucional en favor de aquella y de la democracia.
Los anclajes del art. 23.1 CE: el referéndum consultivo autonómico como vía de profundización democrática
Authors: Silva Ardanuy Francisco Manuel
Published: February 2025

La ciudadanía tiene derecho a participar en asuntos públicos, directa o indirectamente (art. 23 CE), y el art. 92 CE permite someter decisiones trascendentes a referéndum consultivo. Sin embargo, ni este artículo ni su normativa definen claramente su alcance, plazos o requisitos, dejando margen para consultas autonómicas o locales respaldadas por el art. 149.1.32ª CE.
Estatutos de Autonomía de “segunda generación” han asumido competencias en consultas populares, como la Ley 9/2008 del Parlamento Vasco y el art. 122 de la Ley Orgánica 6/2006 en Cataluña, abriendo espacio para fortalecer la democracia directa.
El artículo analiza las capacidades autonómicas en referéndums, la evolución constitucional de estas consultas y el papel del Tribunal Constitucional en su consolidación democrática.
Entre la historia y la historiografía. Del primer constitucionalismo hispánico a la construcción del Estado nación
Authors: Lorente Sariñena Marta , García Benito Gabriel Ángel
Published: February 2025

La historia del constitucionalismo de España y del mundo hispánico se ha abordado desde la historiografía constitucional con una perspectiva centrada en lo nacional, las comparaciones o la politización del constitucionalismo del siglo XIX. Estas aproximaciones han impedido dar cuenta de la complejidad de los procesos constituyentes y de todo un aparato que se relacionaba con los textos constitucionales y del sentido de esas interacciones. Este estudio busca superar estos marcos reduccionistas y ofrece una visión que no se limita a los textos y sus características, sino que sitúa la constitución en su contexto jurídico-cultural y presta atención a otros cambios "constitucionales", como la formación del Estado-nación.
Aerobic Exercise Training and Depressive Symptoms in People With Multiple Sclerosis: Brief Report on Default-Mode Network Resting-State Functional Connectivity
Authors: Iosipchuk Olesya , Wylie Glenn R. , Motl Robert W. , Sandroff Brian M.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

We sought to examine a potential neural mechanism of reduced depressive symptoms in response to aerobic treadmill walking exercise training in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). This includes a secondary analysis of depressive symptom and MRI data from an original randomized controlled trial (RCT) on exercise effects on learning and memory impairment in people with MS.

METHODS:

Ten fully ambulatory people with MS were randomly assigned into either a 12-week aerobic treadmill walking condition or active control condition (ie, stretching and range-of-motion activities). All participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for measurement of depressive symptoms as well as a resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) before and after the 12-week study period.

RESULTS:

There were no between-condition differences in depressive symptoms at baseline. Participants who were randomly assigned to the intervention condition demonstrated reductions in depressive symptoms compared with minimal changes for those who underwent the control condition. This corresponded with significant changes in resting-state functional connectivity within the default-mode network (DMN).

CONCLUSIONS:

The overall pattern of results suggests that resting-state functional connectivity within the DMN may represent a potential neural mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on depressive symptoms in people with MS. Such results warrant future consideration in the design and conduct of future RCTs that aim to treat MS-related depression with aerobic exercise training in people with MS who have been prescreened for clinical depression.
The role of scientific and technical achievements in the formation of fire fighting in Russia in the XVIII - early XX centuries.
Authors: Vasil'ev Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2025

The subject of the research is the process of development of the national scientific and technical thought of fire fighting in Russia in the XVIII – early XX centuries.The scientific article highlights in detail the issue of the development of both theoretical and scientific and practical aspects of the research activities of Russian and foreign scientists and inventors who aimed to develop fire extinguishing technologies and rescue people in extinguishing fires and eliminating both natural and man-made disasters. The issue of historical experience in the practical application and approbation of the received samples of fire equipment in practical conditions and the introduction of these samples into the activities of fire brigades is considered. The issue of studying the experience of foreign colleagues by domestic inventors in the study, design and production of samples of fire equipment is considered. The research methodology includes a concrete historical approach (M.V. Astakhov, I.D. Kovalchenko, V.F. Kolomiytsev, A.P. Pronstein, etc.), as well as generalization, comparison, synthesis, classification, concretization; analysis of scientific literature; retrospective analysis; method of historical analogies. During the scientific research, the factors that influenced the formation and development of Russian scientific and technical thought were identified and analyzed. The issues of historical and technological evolution in the technologies of fire fighting in Russia in the XVIII – early XX centuries are considered. This aspect entirely became the basis for the formation of technological independence of the young Soviet state, in matters of invention and production of domestic fire equipment, during its formation and development, as well as in later periods of the 1930s – 1940s. The conducted research is of interest to a wide range of readers, since the development of scientific and technical thought of fire fighting in Russia was the basis for the development of not only fire fighting in general, but also was the basis for the development of departmental education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation in the modern period.
Sensitivity to visual features in inattentional blindness
Authors: Nartker Makaela , Firestone Chaz , Egeth Howard , Phillips Ian
Published: February 2025

The relation between attention, perception and awareness is among the most fundamental problems in the science of the mind. One of the most striking and well-known phenomena bearing on this question is
inattentional blindness
(IB; Neisser & Becklen, 1975; Mack & Rock, 1998; Most et al., 2001, 2005). In IB, naïve observers fail to report clearly visible stimuli when their attention is otherwise engaged—famously even missing a gorilla parading before their eyes (Simons & Chabris, 1999). This phenomenon and the research programs it has motivated carry tremendous theoretical significance, both as crucial evidence that awareness requires attention (Cohen et al., 2012; Prinz, 2012; Noah & Mangun, 2020) and as a key tool in seeking the neural correlates of consciousness (Rees et al., 1999; Pitts et al., 2014; Hutchinson, 2019). However, these and other implications critically rest on a notoriously biased measure: asking participants whether they noticed anything unusual (and interpreting negative answers as reflecting a complete lack of perception). Here, in the largest ever set of IB studies, we show that, as a group, inattentionally blind participants can successfully report the location, color and shape of the stimuli they deny noticing. This residual visual sensitivity shows that perceptual information remains accessible in IB. We further show that subjective reports in IB are conservative, by introducing absent trials where no IB stimulus is presented; this approach allows us to show for the first time that observers collectively show a systematic bias to report not noticing in IB—essentially ‘playing it safe’ in reporting their sensitivity. This pair of results is consistent with an alternative hypothesis about IB, namely that inattentionally blind subjects retain some degree of awareness of the stimuli they fail to report. Overall, these data provide the strongest evidence to date of significant residual visual sensitivity in IB. They also challenge the use of inattentional blindness to argue that awareness requires attention.
Unraveling the impact of congenital deafness on individual brain organization
Authors: Amaral Lénia , Xiaosha Wang , Yanchao Bi , Ella Striem-Amit
Published: February 2025

Research on brain plasticity, particularly in the context of deafness, consistently emphasizes the reorganization of the auditory cortex. However, a critical question arises: to what extent do all individuals with deafness show the same level of reorganization? To address this question, we examined the individual differences in deafness functional connectivity (FC), specifically from the deprived auditory cortex. Our findings demonstrate a remarkable differentiation between individuals deriving from the absence of shared auditory experiences, resulting in heightened FC variability among deaf individuals, compared to more consistent FC in the hearing group. Notably, connectivity to language regions becomes more diverse across individuals in deafness. This does not stem from delayed language acquisition, as it is found in deaf native signers, who are exposed to rich natural language since birth. However, comparing FC diversity between deaf native signers and deaf delayed signers who were deprived of language in early development, we show that language experience also impacts individual differences, although to a more moderate extent. Overall, our research points out the intricate interplay between brain plasticity and individual differences, shedding light on the diverse ways reorganization manifests among individuals. It further joins findings in blindness, showing that individual differences are affected by sensory experience. Finally, these findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in personalized rehabilitation for hearing loss.
Studentmobilitet for kvalitet i høyere utdanning
Authors: Bergersen Ane , Massao Prisca Bruno
Published: February 2025

Student mobility has long been a desired form of internationalization in higher Education in Norway. Previous research shows increased personal, professional and intercultural competencies after their stay in Zambia and Tanzania. In this paper, we shed light on how cooperation partners in Zambia and Tanzania, through equal knowledge exchange and positions, can contribute to strengthening the quality of student mobility from Norway. We conducted qualitative interviews with six coordinators in Zambia and Tanzania to learn from their reflections regarding student mobility from Norway. The themes discussed in the interviews are student mobility, global justice and de-colonial awareness. The theoretical framework is critical pedagogy and de-colonialization, which analyses power, positions, and pluriversity in international cooperation. Our findings indicate the reproduction of colonial structures and more academic responsibility to colleagues in Zambia and Tanzania, and they suggest adequate preparations with particular learning outcomes to increase the quality of student mobility.
Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays var. rugosa) in Response to Bio-fertilizer Application
Authors: C. Celerinos Maria Teresa , Manigo Bryl I.
Published: February 2025

Bio-N® fertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Bio-N® and different levels of inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield and postharvest quality of sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa). The experiment was conducted using a 5m x 4m plot size and arranged as a 2x3 factorial experiment within a Randomized Complete Block Design. Bio-N application (with and without) was designated as Factor A, while the varying levels of inorganic NPK fertilizer (100%, 75%, 50%) were assigned as Factor B. This resulted in six treatment combinations, with each plot containing 108 sweetcorn plants, replicated three times.
Sweetcorn plants applied with Bio-N® fertilizer gave a significant growth and yield compared to those plants without fertilizer (Bio-N®) applied. The highest net income and return of investment were obtained from plants applied with Bio-N® with 100% RR of inorganic fertilizer at 284,866.00 and 316.05% respectively.
The Relationship between Learning Motivation and Academic Performance among Student Parents
Authors: Tabigne Paul Niño S.
Published: February 2025

This study highlights the multifaceted nature of learning motivation among student parents and underscores the critical role of tailored institutional support in addressing their unique challenges, particularly for separated individuals who face compounded stressors. The respondents of the study included 101 student parents. It used descriptive-correlational design utilizing proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were treated using frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation, T-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test for post hoc comparison and Pearson correlation. Findings revealed that majority of the student parents belonged to 18-24 age group, predominantly female, mostly lived with a partner, had a first child aged 0-4, belonged to poor families, and mostly with parents attended college without completing a degree. The respondents exhibited exceptionally high learning motivation, with a majority achieving superior academic performance. There were no significant differences observed in learning motivation based on sex, age of the first child, parents’ monthly income, and education level of both the father and the mother, however, only the marital status was found to have significant difference. Moreover, this study showed learning motivation may not strongly impact academic performance. Hence, it is recommended that collaborative efforts from policymakers, school administrators, and instructors are encouraged to adopt inclusive support among these student parents.
Advances in Copper Extraction: Sustainable Approaches and Bioleaching Techniques
Authors: Rahmani Abdul Halim , Joya Muhammad Babur , Haidari Abdul Jamil
Published: February 2025

The environmental impacts of mining and mineral processing, particularly in developing countries, have been increasingly significant. Mining activities, especially in open-pit mines and the extraction of copper from sulfide ores, generate pollution and acid leakage that harm ecosystems. Given the abundant presence of copper in nature, particularly in sulfide minerals, developing environmentally friendly extraction methods is paramount. This study evaluates modern and sustainable methods for copper extraction from the Aynak copper mine, one of the largest copper mines in Afghanistan. Specifically, it compares and assesses bioleaching and hydrometallurgical methods as environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional pyrometallurgical (smelting) processes in copper extraction. Compared to pyrometallurgical methods, the study investigates the environmental impacts and economic efficiency of bioleaching and hydrometallurgical methods. The results indicate that biotechnological methods, such as bioleaching, significantly reduce environmental impacts, improve production efficiency, and lower operational costs. In contrast, pyrometallurgical methods are associated with higher environmental and economic costs. Given the advantages of biotechnological methods, it is recommended that these methods be adopted as sustainable alternatives for copper extraction from low-grade ores at the Aynak copper mine, especially from sulfide ores, to promote environmentally and economically sustainable development in the sector.
Optical and Structural Properties of Rutile Nanoparticles Prepared Via Ball Milling
Authors: Onwuteaka Ifeanyi Daniel , Ekpunobi Azubuike Josiah , Onu Chiamaka Peace
Published: February 2025

This study centered on determining the optical characteristics of Rutile nanoparticles and synthesizing them using a ball milling process. A top-down approach was utilized to obtain nanoparticles from the bulk materials utilizing high intensity ball milling technique. The crystalline size of the nanoparticle was ascertained using the Debye-Scherer formula. The Energy Band gap, optical conductivity, extinction coefficient, transmittance, and refractive index were among the optical characteristics that were identified. The average crystalline size obtained, was 87.440 nm. The computed dislocation density varied between (0.109x10-3 to 0.0359x10-3 ) nm-2. As the wavelength range shifted from the ultraviolet to the visible and near-infrared regions, the absorbance value was observed to decrease simultaneously. The refractive index of the particle showed a uniform result from 1eV to 4eV but sharply increased at 4.1eV and also dropped sharply at 4.3eV and then maintained a uniform outcome as the photon energy increased. The transmittance value was also observed to gradually increase from the ultraviolet region, to the visible region, hence reaching 99.9% in the near-infrared region. Furthermore, the band energy gap was obtained to be 3.88 eV. The unique properties of the Rutile nanoparticles revealed potential uses in photovoltaic and optoelectronic systems.
Analysis of Copper Corrosion by Biogas: Impact of Purification with Activated Carbon and Biochar Derived from Cocoa POSD Waste
Authors: KOUAKOU Adjoumani Rodrigue , KOUADIO Marc Cyril , OUATTARA Sheiddu , SANGARE Salimata , EHOUMAN Ahissan Donatien , NIAMIEN Paulin Marius
Published: February 2025

In the context of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, this study evaluates copper corrosion in contact with biogas before and after purification using different carbons (biochar and activated carbon). Biogas, a renewable energy source, contains impurities such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), which accelerate the corrosion of metals, particularly copper. The materials used include carbons derived from cocoa pod waste, subjected to carbonization and chemical activation treatments. The results indicate that biogas purification significantly reduces copper corrosion, with mass loss decreasing from an average of 0.19 g to 0.03 g after 720 hours of exposure. Factorial designs were employed to assess the influence of various factors on the corrosion rate. Activated carbon was found to be 85% effective in removing H₂S, outperforming biochar, which achieved a 72% removal efficiency. In conclusion, using carbons derived from agricultural waste to purify biogas emerges as a promising solution for extending the lifespan of metallic infrastructures, with positive economic and environmental implications.
Effect of Different Management Practices on Yield Attributes and Productivity of Wheat + Mustard Intercropping System
Authors: Kumbhare Rahul , Mishra P.K. , Sahu R. P. , Gupta Vikas , Patel Raghav , Singh Kirti
Published: February 2025

The present investigation entitled “Effect of natural farming, organic farming, integrated crop management and conventional management practices on yield attributes and productivity of Wheat + Mustard intercropping system” was conducted under All India Network Programme on Organic Farming (AI-NPOF) during rabi season of 2022-23 and 2023-24 at Instructional Research farm, Krishi Nagar Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P). The soil of experiment was sandy clay loam, neutral in reaction (pH 6.7), low in organic carbon (0.62 %), medium in available nitrogen (281.43 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (20.35 kg ha-1) and high in available potassium (272.12 kg ha-1). The experiment was carried out in a Randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The treatment comprises of T1- Control (No addition of any input except labour for operations including weeding), T2- Complete Natural Farming Practices (1. Beejamrit + Ghanjeevamrit + Jeevamrit 2. Crop residue mulching 3. Intercropping 4. Whapasa), T3- Organic Management Practices (AI-NPOF package) (75 % RDN through organic sources + two foliar spray of 10 % cow urine and vermiwash at 30 and 50 DAS), T4-ICM (50 % nutrient through organic and 50 % nutrient through inorganic sources + natural/organic pesticides for pest management), T5-ICM (50 % nutrient through organic and 50 % nutrient through inorganic + need based pesticides) and T6-Conventional Management Practices (RDN 120:60:40 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O ha-1). The result of the experiment revealed that conventional management practices i.e. RDN @120:60:40 Kg ha-1 of N: P2O5: K2O proved to be best for wheat + mustard intercropping system in terms of yield attributes and yield and this was followed by integrated crop management i.e. 50 % RDN through organic and 50 % RDN through inorganic sources and pest management with need based pesticides. Higher wheat equivalent yield was recorded under conventional management practices.
Enhancing Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Performance with Optimized Nitrogen and Sulphur Levels
Authors: Qurat-ul-ain-Aga  , Singh Lal , Kanth Raihana Habib , Aga Farooq Ahmad , Mir Aamir Hassan , Wani Faheem Jeelani , Makdoomi Mohd Iqbal
Published: February 2025

An experiment was conducted to study the impact of nitrogen and sulphur levels on the performance of mungbean. The experiment consisted of two factors viz. nitrogen levels and sulphur levels. The nitrogen application included four levels viz., N1: RDN @ 30 kg N ha-1; N2: Foliar application of Nano-urea @ 2 ml/L of water at 20-25 DAS; N3: Foliar application of Nano-urea @ 2 ml/L of water at 40-45 DAS and N4: Foliar application Nano-Urea @ 2 ml/L of water at 60-65 DAS whereas Sulphur application included three levels viz., S0: 0 kg ha-1; S1:15 kg ha-1 and S2: 30 kg ha-1 which was applied through Gypsum. The results showed that application of N3 resulted in higher performance of Mungbean in terms of growth parameters viz., plant height, DMA and LAI, yield attributes and yield. This indicates the importance of applying nano urea at the optimal growth stage to meet the crop's nutrient demands during critical periods of development. Likewise, increasing sulphur levels from S0 to S2 showed a positive effect on crop performance, with the highest results observed at 30 kg sulphur ha-1 S2.
Comparative Efficacy of Deuterium and Alum as Adjuvants to Enhance the Shelf Life of Hemorrhagic Septicemia Vaccines
Authors: Jogi Joycee , Nayak Anju , Rai Ajay , Dubey Amita , Shakya Poonam , Upadhyay Shagun
Published: February 2025

One of the difficult problems in preserving the quality of the products from manufacture till it reaches the end consumers is the preservation of the products. Serum immunoglobulins, plasma fractions, clinical samples, including tissues and bodily fluids, live attenuated virus vaccines, and clinical samples are among the materials that typically need to be maintained in a cold chain to maintain their quality. In the present study the thermostable quality of the generated subunit vaccine was assessed by keeping the recombinant vaccine for 180 days at 4ºC to 37ºC. It was contrasted with an HS alum precipitated vaccine under the same conditions. The present study in comparison of overall humoral immune response against recombinant OmpH deuterium vaccine and HS alum precipitated vaccine at 37ºC. The antibody titres of deuterium with OmpH and HS alum were at par with each other.
Evaluation of Soil Physical Properties in Natural and Conventional Farming in the Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India
Authors: Radder Varsha Somaraddi , Yadahalli Vidyavathi G , Yadahalli G S , K N Jakir Hussain , Doni Savita P , M V Parvathi , Channavar Vijayakumari Raveendra
Published: February 2025

This study examines variations in soil properties resulting from natural and conventional farming (Farmer Practices) methods across three distinct duration categories (less than 5 years, 5 to 10 years and 10 to 15 years) in the Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka. The results revealed that natural farming consistently produced lower soil bulk density, higher soil porosity, greater water-holding capacity and improved aggregate stability when compared to conventional farming practices. Over time, natural farming led to a decrease in bulk density; however, conventional practices showed an increase. Soil porosity, water-holding capacity and aggregate stability also saw improvement with natural farming because of the incorporation of organic matter, no-tillage methods and minimal disturbance. Conventional farming practices, which involved intensive tillage and the application of chemical inputs, resulted in soil compaction and structural degradation. Additionally, soil color became darker over time under natural farming, indicating a higher organic matter content; whereas, conventional practices contributed to lighter soil hues.