bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma contribuição ao estudo da liderança sob a ótica weberiana de dominação carismática
Authors: Silva Antonio dos Santos , Carvalho Neto Antonio
Published: January 2013

O presente trabalho pretende discutir o fenômeno liderança sob a perspectiva da teoria weberiana de dominação carismática. Trata-se a liderança como relação de poder, no sentido weberiano de autoridade. Segundo Whimster (2009) o poder constitui um tema recorrente, identificado em toda a obra de Max Weber. Dois questionamentos específicos norteiam este artigo: 1. a forma como dirigentes e fundadores de Organizações Sociais (OS) descrevem suas atuações pode ser caracterizada como um processo de liderança carismática sob a perspectiva de poder de Weber (2004)? 2. existe algo na atuação de dirigentes de organizações sociais que a caracterize como um processo de dominação carismática? O presente estudo possui abordagem qualitativa, e, quanto aos fins, por sua natureza e estrutura, se caracteriza como descritivo, e foi viabilizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas a nove sujeitos em sete OS. Como objeto de pesquisa, tomaram-se sete OS da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, dentre as maiores do setor, e, como sujeitos, os seus gestores principais. O resultado da pesquisa sugere que, dos entrevistados, todos com longa trajetória de fundadores e condutores de OS, apenas dois representam um tipo característico de liderança carismática descrita por Weber. Ainda assim, estão sofrendo limites da estrutura da OS, que, em virtude da interface natural com o meio ambiente organizacional, teve de se transformar, teve de burocratizar, para oferecer prestação de contas pelos recursos captados. Os demais situam o discurso numa escala progressiva entre carisma e burocratização, num processo já previsto por Weber (2004). Constatou-se, também, que o modelo de autoridade em OS obedece a um processo de transição. Outrora especificamente carismática, essa autoridade hoje se manifesta de forma mais burocrática que anteriormente, limitada por artifícios da legalidade, menos voluntária e mais assalariada. O trabalho social, até há pouco tempo realizado com boa vontade e heroísmo, está cedendo espaço à profissionalização dos gestores. Todavia, a santidade e o heroísmo weberiano ainda resistem no século XXI e podem ser base de questionamentos para muitos processos de humanização nas organizações.
Avaliação de necessidades de TD&E: proposição de um novo modelo
Authors: Abbad Gardênia Da Silva , Mourão Luciana
Published: January 2013

Análises de necessidades de treinamento (ANTs), apesar de importantes, têm sido realizadas de modo pouco sistemático em ambientes organizacionais. A análise da literatura mostra que a produção intelectual nessa área está restrita a análises nos níveis do indivíduo e das tarefas, com poucas pesquisas enfocando necessidades em níveis mais abrangentes como grupos, equipes ou macroprocessos organizacionais. De modo geral, as abordagens de análise de necessidades ainda estão focadas em cargos ou nas estruturas organizacionais rígidas, estáticas, burocráticas (departamentos, divisões etc.). Essa característica torna a ANT anacrônica e pouco útil, pois não capta novos arranjos organizacionais como arquiteturas matriciais, organização em rede, organizações virtuais ou novas configurações dos trabalhos humanos. Esse caráter dinâmico implica uma mudança no caráter da ANT, para uma abordagem mais prospectiva, voltada à aprendizagem de habilidades complexas e de alta volatilidade. Este ensaio teórico objetiva rever a literatura da área e propor um modelo de diagnóstico de necessidades de treinamento baseado em taxonomia de resultados de aprendizagem e com foco em diversos níveis de análise. O modelo de ANT proposto deriva de um conjunto de resultados de pesquisas empíricas e vai além da análise de tarefas e de pessoas, incluindo também o nível organizacional e de grupo. A aplicação deste modelo permite fornecer as informações necessárias ao desenho de situações de aprendizagem e de treinamento que possam promover o desenvolvimento de complexas competências valorizadas pelo mundo do trabalho, cujo desenvolvimento requer ações educacionais variadas, currículos e programas de aprendizagem contínua e de educação permanente (ao longo de toda a vida). Nesse sentido, o modelo proposto permite que seja feito um elo entre os estudos empíricos sobre o tema e a sua aplicação prática em organizações de trabalho.
Abusos metafóricos em manuais de introdução à Administração
Authors: Moura Guilherme Lima
Published: January 2013

Este artigo analisa fragilidades conceituais presentes nos manuais de Teorias Administrativas, usados como referência primária nas construções dos significados básicos da Administração, com os alunos dos cursos de graduação das maiores e mais importantes Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) brasileiras. Em sentido amplo, sua discussão situa-se no debate internacional sobre a crise do atual modelo de ensino de Administração, surgido nos anos 1990, e que põe em dúvida o sentido e a finalidade da chamada management education. Em sentido estrito, seu interesse analítico essencial são os problemas oriundos do uso (e abuso) de metáforas no discurso científico como apresentado em manuais didáticos introdutórios das teorias administrativas. Sua perspectiva teórica, contrapondo-se a uma concepção de significado na qual o discurso científico seria o espaço de uma literalidade plena, apoia-se em discussões no âmbito da construção discursiva das ciências para reconhecer a presença inevitável e não necessariamente danosa das metáforas no discurso científico. Neste sentido, ele assume a metáfora como um fenômeno linguístico-cognitivo de natureza semântico-pragmática. Ao analisar os manuais de teorias administrativas, esta pesquisa confirmou sua hipótese de que a literatura de formação profissional em Administração, usada na educação dos futuros administradores por todo o País, é marcada por uma série de fragilidades conceituais básicas que, ao simplicizarem a complexidade dos fenômenos organizacionais, resultam em um empobrecimento conceitual pelo uso (ou abuso) metafórico. E conclui que tais manuais, pretendendo facilitar o entendimento dos conceitos e tornar sua leitura acessível e agradável, abrem mão da complexidade e da riqueza explicativa dos conceitos originalmente elaborados em pesquisas científicas no próprio campo da Administração, terminando por traduzirem-se no que aqui poderíamos chamar de uma Pop Science.
Ctenocephalides felis felis vs. Ctenocephalides canis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae): some issues in correctly identify these species
Authors: Linardi Pedro Marcos , Santos Juliana Lúcia Costa
Published: January 2013

Ctenocephalides felis felis is one of the most important ectoparasites of dogs and cats throughout the world, because of its geographical distribution, dual parasitological action as an infesting agent and a vector of diseases, the economic losses and the acquired resistance against common insecticides. In Brazil, it surpasses Ctenocephalides canis in distribution, number of host species infested, prevalence and epidemiological importance. However, in some studies the species have been misidentified on the basis of their morphological characters included in taxonomic keys. The morphological variations of chaetotaxy, especially those on the dorsal margin of the hind tibia and lateral metanotal area (LMA), found in certain specimens, have sometimes been erroneously treated as hybrids, in spite of the nonexistence of the two species of Ctenocephalides in the same municipality or region. This review focuses on the characteristics used for interspecific diagnosis and intraspecific variations found between the species. Data on distribution, hosts, prevalence and parasitological action are also presented as an auxiliary means for recognizing the species.
Water quality in the lotic area of the Antas river before and after the construction of the Monte Claro hydroelectric plant, south Brazil
Authors: Pimenta Adriane Marques , Furlanetto Leonardo Marques , Albertoni Edélti Faria , Palma-Silva Cleber
Published: January 2013

AIM: This study characterized the water quality of the lotic areas of the Rio das Antas (Antas River)influenced by the construction of the Monte Claro hydroelectric plant (South Brazil), a run-of-the-river reservoir. METHODS: To assess the water quality, we selected four sampling points based on the results obtained in the water-quality monitoring program performed by CERAN (the Rio das Antas Energetic Company) in the pre-filling (2002-2004) and post-filling (2005-2008) periods. The river flow was monitored during both of the periods. Seasonal samplings were conducted, and alkalinity, chlorophyll a, total and fecal coliforms, conductivity, color, BOD, COD, total phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammoniacal nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids, suspended solids, sulfates, temperature and turbidity were evaluated. The results were interpreted according to the Brazilian Environmental Council's Water Quality Index, Trophic State Index and CONAMA Resolution 357/05. To verify the occurrence of alterations before and after the plant operation, t-tests were performed. RESULTS: Significant changes in water quality were not observed after the impoundment. The permanence of the characteristics of the natural hydrography was important for maintaining the water quality. The decline of the water quality in a stretch with reduced flow was caused by Burati stream, a tributary containing high concentrations of nutrients and fecal coliforms. CONCLUSIONS:The Monte Claro hydroelectric plant did not alter the water quality of the Antas River. The small reservoir resulting from the plant project favors the maintenance of the water quality of the river and does not favor eutrophication. Attention should be given to Burati stream, a tributary of the Antas River, regarding its high nutrient and coliform content.
Relative Effectiveness and Safety of Chemotherapy in Elderly and Nonelderly Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hung Anna , Mullins C. Daniel
Published: January 2013

CME Learning Objectives

Describe evidence of differential treatment response of chemotherapy in elderly versus nonelderly stage III colon cancer patients. Synthesize differences in evidence of effectiveness and safety of chemotherapy between elderly and nonelderly stage III colon cancer patients to inform patient decision making and physician prescribing practices.

Background.

Chemotherapy effectiveness in clinical practice may differ from the efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials, particularly among populations underrepresented in clinical trials, such as elderly patients with cancer. This review aims to examine the relative effectiveness of chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer in elderly versus nonelderly patients.

Methods.

A systematic literature review was conducted using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality approach. Literature searches were performed in Medline and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews databases. Chemotherapy regimens approved for stage III colon cancer were reviewed. Four effectiveness and 15 safety outcomes were extracted.

Results.

From 708 identified articles, 25 articles provided data on the relative effectiveness and safety of chemotherapy among elderly versus nonelderly patients. Four of 14 studies showed lower overall survival treatment effects, whereas one of five and one of four studies indicated more favorable treatment effects for time to progression and overall response rate. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were higher among elderly patients for cardiac disorder (2/5 studies), leukopenia (1/5), neutropenia (4/16), thrombocytopenia (2/13), febrile neutropenia (1/4), infection (2/10), dehydration (2/6), diarrhea (6/20), and fatigue (6/13). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were lower for neutropenia (2/16 studies), nausea/vomiting (1/16), and neuropathy (1/9).

Conclusion.

The majority of the evidence suggests that chemotherapy has similar relative effectiveness and safety for patients >65 years of age versus younger patients with stage III colon cancer. When differences are reported, treatment effects are more often worse among the elderly. This review suggests that without other reasons for withholding treatment, elderly patients should receive chemotherapy as often as nonelderly patients.
Efficient Allocation of Novel Agents in Multiple Myeloma: A Work in Progress
Authors: Gaultney Jennifer G. , Uyl-de Groot Carin A.
Published: January 2013

This commentary examines key questions regarding the use of novel agents in multiple myeloma, addressed by two articles in this month's issue.
Ontogenetic and stratigraphic influence on observed phenotypic integration in the limb skeleton of a fossil tetrapod
Authors: Maxwell Erin E. , Dececchi T. Alexander
Published: January 2013

Understanding morphological integration is one of the central goals of evolutionary developmental biology. Despite its applicability to questions of paleontological interest, there are few studies on integration in fossil vertebrates. In this study, we examine limb integration in the Lower Jurassic ichthyosaurStenopterygius quadriscissus, with the aim of examining the effect of ontogeny and anagenetic changes over short geological time spans on metrics of limb integration. Both ontogenetic and stratigraphic effects had a significant influence on measured values of integration, the identity of strongly integrated elements, and some common ratio values such as the relative integration of the forelimb to the hind limb, or within-limb to between-limb integration. Ontogenetic effects were relatively greater, although this could be linked to sample size. Although adults showed the lowest levels of overall integration, they possessed high levels of integration between serially homologous elements, something that was unexpected due to strong divergence in limb size and perhaps functional differences in derived ichthyosaurs. Ontogenetic differences in the relative integration of the forelimb to the hind limb are probably related to early locomotor demands on the forelimb. We conclude that if samples are pooled, the resulting pattern of integration may not reflect any one subsample but will be a composite created through the superposition of several variables. Pooling data in paleontological studies of integration has a non-trivial effect on the results obtained.
Greenhouse biogeography: the relationship of geographic range to invasion and extinction in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway
Authors: Myers Corinne E. , MacKenzie Richard A. , Lieberman Bruce S.
Published: January 2013

Significant warming of Earth's climate in the near term seems increasingly likely. If significant enough, this climatic regime could, in the long term, come to resemble previous greenhouse intervals in earth history. Consequently, analysis of the fossil record during periods of extreme warmth may provide important lessons for species biology, including biogeography, in a much warmer world. To explore this issue, we analyzed the biogeographic response of 63 molluscan species to the long-term global warmth in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (WIS) of North America, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to quantitatively measure changes in range size and distribution throughout this interval. We specifically considered the role that geographic range size played in mediating extinction resistance and invasion potential of these WIS species. We found no relationship between geographic range size and survivorship. However, endemic species with small range sizes were more likely to become invasive. Finally, mollusks did not experience a poleward shift in range out of the tropics during this warm regime. To the extent that these patterns are representative, and the WIS and taxa considered constitute a reasonable ancient analogue to a warmer future world, these results suggest that some biogeographic “rules” may not prevail under greenhouse conditions of long-term, equable warmth. They also suggest that other factors beyond geographic range size, including distinctive niche characteristics, may play quite important roles in species survival and invasion potential. This potentially complicates predictions regarding the future responses of extant species to long-term warming.
Periodontitis as a Novel Contributor of Adipose Tissue Inflammation Promotes Insulin Resistance in a Rat Model
Authors: Su Yuan , Wang Dan , Xuan Dongying , Ni Jia , Luo Shigao , Xie Baoyi , Zhang Jincai
Published: January 2013

Background: Recent studies have indicated that the chronic low‐grade inflammation induced by periodontitis is related to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of periodontitis on obesity‐related adipose tissue inflammation and subsequent systemic insulin resistance in a rat model.

Methods: Thirty‐two rats were divided into four groups of eight: 1) obese rats with periodontitis (combination group); 2) obese rats without periodontitis (obesity group); 3) normal rats with periodontitis (periodontitis group); and 4) normal rats without periodontitis (control group). Monosodium glutamate was used to induce obesity during the early postnatal period. Periodontitis was induced by ligatures for 8 weeks. Morphologic features of white adipose tissue (WAT) and islets were observed, and fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and homeostasis model assessment for insulin (HOMA‐IR) were measured at 5 months. Differences among groups were compared with the Fisher post hoc least significant difference test.

Results: A slight increase of stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) and macrophage infiltration in the WAT of the periodontitis group was observed. Significant proliferation of SVFs and macrophage infiltration were induced in the combination group. HOMA‐IR scores in the combination and periodontitis groups were higher than in the obesity and control groups, respectively. The disturbance of islet architecture was consistent with a high HOMA‐IR score in the combination group.

Conclusions: Periodontitis induced initial stages of WAT inflammation and acted as a contributing factor to exacerbate proinflammatory phenotype of WAT and promote the development of insulin resistance in the obese rat model.
Effects of Tacrolimus and Nifedipine, Alone or in Combination, on Gingival Tissues
Authors: Pamuk Ferda , Cetinkaya Burcu Ozkan , Gulbahar Mustafa Yavuz , Gacar Ayhan , Cayır Keles Gonca , Erisgin Zuleyha , Arik Nurol
Published: January 2013

Background: The aim of this study is to compare gingival changes induced by short‐ and long‐term tacrolimus and nifedipine administration, alone or in combination, and evaluate the expression levels of tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in drug‐induced gingival overgrowth.

Methods: Eighty rats were equally divided into eight groups: 1) tacrolimus for 8 weeks; 2) nifedipine for 8 weeks; 3) tacrolimus and nifedipine for 8 weeks; 4) 8‐week control; 5) tacrolimus for 24 weeks; 6) nifedipine for 24 weeks; 7) tacrolimus and nifedipine for 24 weeks; and 8) 24‐week control. Histomorphometric analyses included measurements of epithelial thickness, connective tissue thickness, and height. Stereologic analyses included measurements of volumetric densities of fibroblasts (Vf), collagen fibers (Vcf), and blood vessels (Vbv). In addition, PTEN expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry.

Results: Epithelial thickness and connective tissue thickness were significantly increased in groups 5, 6, and 7 compared to group 8 (P <0.05), whereas connective tissue height was significantly increased in groups 5 and 7 (P <0.001). Vf and Vcf were significantly increased in group 7 compared to group 8 (P <0.001). PTEN immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in all experimental groups compared to the control groups (P <0.05).

Conclusions: Results suggest that duration of drug administration is a more important risk factor than drug combination. The results include a potentially new insight about PTEN's role in the etiology of drug‐induced gingival overgrowth.
An Autologous Platelet‐Rich Plasma Stimulates Periodontal Ligament Regeneration
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Troya María , Orive Gorka
Published: January 2013

Background: Regeneration of periodontal tissues is one of the most important goals for the treatment of periodontal disease. The technology of plasma rich in growth factors provides a biologic approach for the stimulation and acceleration of tissue healing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biologic effects of this technology on primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

Methods: The authors studied the response of periodontal ligament cells to this pool of growth factors on cell proliferation, cell migration, secretion of several biomolecules, cell adhesion, and expression of α2 integrin. Cell proliferation and adhesion were evaluated by means of a fluorescence‐based method. Cell migration was performed on culture inserts. The release of different biomolecules by periodontal ligament fibroblasts was quantified through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The α2 integrin expression was assessed through Western blot.

Results: This autologous technology significantly stimulated cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and synthesis of many growth factors from cells including vascular endothelial growth factor, thrombospondin 1, connective tissue growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and procollagen type I. The α2 integrin expression was lower in plasma rich in growth factor–treated cells compared to non‐stimulated cells, although no statistically significant differences were observed.

Conclusion: This plasma rich in growth factors exerts positive effects on periodontal ligament fibroblasts, which could be positive for periodontal regeneration.
A new lizard skull from the Purbeck Limestone Group (Lower Cretaceous) of England
Authors: Evans Susan E. , Jones Marc E. H. , Matsumoto Ryoko
Published: January 2013

The Purbeck Limestone Group of England has yielded a rich assemblage of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) vertebrate fossils, including one of the most diverse Early Cretaceous lizard assemblages on record. Here we describe the first articulated lizard skull from Purbeck. The specimen was rediscovered in the collections of the British Geological Survey, having been excavated at least a century ago. Although originally assigned to the Purbeck genus Paramacellodus, with which it shares maxillary and some dental characters, the new Purbeck skull differs from other Purbeck genera, including Paramacellodus, in frontal, pterygoid and maxillary morphology. It is here assigned to a new genus and species. Cladistic analysis groups it with Lacertoidea, unlike Paramacellodus, Becklesius and Parasaurillus which group with scincids and cordyliforms.
Addition to the Late Cretaceous Laño mammal faunule (Spain) and to the knowledge of European “Zhelestidae” (Lainodontinae nov.)
Authors: Gheerbrant Emmanuel , Astibia Humberto
Published: January 2013

New mammal material from the Campano-Maastrichtian locality of Laño, Spanish Basque Country documents two new zhelestid eutherian species referred to the genus Lainodon. This material enlightens the upper molar pattern of the European zhelestids and confirms their originality and homogeneity. The European zhelestids are included in the new subfamily Lainodontinae, which is distinct and characterized by a mosaic of primitive and specialized features. The Lainodontinae clade adds to other endemic vertebrate taxa (among multituberculates, flightless birds, dinosaurs, and turtles) that typify the Late Cretaceous fauna of the European Archipelago. The material from Laño provides further evidence of a modest but significant lainodontine radiation known by five or six species belonging to two or three genera (Lainodon, Labes, ? Valentinella), which is currently restricted to western Europe, i.e. to the Ibero-Armorican Island. The plesiomorph features of the Lainodontinae (lower molar trigonid poorly compressed, upper molar without lingual cingulum) recall the earliest known zhelestids, and suggest an Asian origin from a Sheikhdzheilia-like stem lineage at the beginning of the Late Cretaceous. This dispersal event from Asia probably involved other vertebrate taxa, such as the multituberculate stem group of the kogaionid mammals and the hadrosaurid dinosaurs. The zhelestid subfamily Lainodontinae represents the most diverse and dominant taxon in the western European Late Cretaceous mammal fauna, which is eutherian-dominated, by contrast to the eastern European Late Cretaceous mammal fauna which is dominated by an original and at that time exclusive radiation of kogaionid multituberculates.
Organic Management Practices on Athletic Fields. Part 2: The Effects on Playing Surface Characteristics and Soil Physical Properties
Authors: Miller Nathaniel A. , Henderson Jason J.
Published: January 2013

Many organic products have been used effectively in turfgrass management programs, but their exclusive use in athletic field maintenance and effect on playing surface characteristics and soil physical properties have not been extensively researched. The objectives were to determine the effects of management regimes and overseeding perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) into an existing Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) stand during simulated traffic on (i) rotational traction and surface hardness and (ii) soil physical properties. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 6 factorial in a randomized complete block design with two overseeding levels (overseeded and not overseeded) of a perennial ryegrass blend during traffic and six management regimes (fertility and pest management): (i) conventional, (ii) organic manure (OMan), (iii) organic protein (OPro), (iv) organic manure plus compost tea (OMan+CT), (v) organic protein plus compost tea (OPro+CT), and (vi) a control. This research was conducted over 2 yr on a mature stand of ‘Langara’ Kentucky bluegrass on a Paxton fine sandy loam. Fall traffic was simulated with a Cady Traffic Simulator. There were no consistent effects on rotational traction or surface hardness as a result of management regimes or overseeding. Management regimes did not affect soil physical properties, but overseeding increased total porosity by 2.2% and increased aeration porosity by 12.4% in 2008. In 2009, overseeding increased capillary porosity by 2.2% but had no affect on total and aeration porosity values. Overseeding minimally decreased particle and bulk density values during both years. Overseeding also increased soil organic matter by 5.7% in 2009 when accompanied by organic fertilizers but not with compost tea applications. Using organic fertilizers or compost tea showed no enhancement or deterioration of soil physical properties over this two year study.
Diallel Analysis of Diverse Maize Germplasm Lines for Resistance to Aflatoxin Accumulation
Authors: Henry W. Brien , Windham Gary L. , Rowe Dennis E. , Blanco Michael H. , Murray Seth C. , Williams W. Paul
Published: January 2013

In this study, diverse, novel maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) Project was screened to determine the combining ability and inheritance of ear rot resistance and resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in hybrid combinations. Nine GEM germplasm lines and six known resistant and susceptible inbred lines were selected as parents of a diallel cross that was evaluated over 2 yr at Mississippi State, MS, and 1 yr at College Station, TX. Resistant lines Mp717 and Mp494 each had negative and significant general combining ability effects, and were frequently present as parents in the hybrid combinations with the lowest aflatoxin accumulation. Of the GEM germplasm lines evaluated, GEMN‐0130 was the best source of aflatoxin resistance, with significant and negative GCA values at all three site years. The GEM lines exhibiting significant and negative GCA effects for aflatoxin accumulation in at least one site year include two GEM germplasm lines, GEMS‐0030 (2 yr) and GEMS‐0074 (1 yr), and a nonreleased GEM source derived from the tropical Cuban accession, CUBA117 (1 yr). The GEM germplasm lines significantly contributing to reduced ear rot in at least two out of three environments included CUBA117, GEMS‐0030, GEMS‐0002, and GEMN‐0130. These results demonstrate the GEM Project is a useful and untapped source of diverse germplasm for resistance to Aspergillus flavus ear rot and aflatoxin accumulation.
Seed Set in Prairie Cordgrass
Authors: Boe Arvid , Owens Vance , Gonzalez‐Hernandez Jose , Lee D. K.
Published: January 2013

Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link) has potential for biofuel production in soils too wet for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). However, poor seed set is a major impediment to seed production in this species. Our objectives were to (i) estimate frequency of seed set (i.e., normal caryopsis in spikelet) and seed predation by insects and (ii) partition variance for seed set into environmental and morphological sources for a population of prairie cordgrass selected for biofuel production. During 2005 through 2011, panicles were collected from nurseries of the selected population in South Dakota and Illinois. Seed set was 79% for 1‐ and 2‐yr‐old stands indicating neither poor seed set or seed predation, which ranged from 0 to 15%, by Aethes spartinana (Barnes & McDunnough) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) seriously limited seed production. Most of the variation in seed set could be accounted for by variation among and within panicles within nurseries. Spikes in the distal two‐thirds of the panicle had higher seed set and lower seed predation than those in the proximal one‐third. However, variance between spikes from similar panicle positions accounted for more of the variation in seed set than any other spatial or morphological source. Therefore, increased understanding of seed set, which is subject to environmental vagaries from heading through seed development, will require sampling emphasis at the spikes within panicles and spikelets within spikes levels.
Low-Dose γ-Irradiation Affects the Survival of Exposed Daphnia and their Offspring
Authors: Sarapultseva Elena I. , Gorski Anton I.
Published: January 2013

Purpose: To analyze the long-term effects of exposure to low-dose γ-irradiation on survival and life span in directly irradiated Daphnia magna and their offspring. Materials and methods: One-day-old Daphnia magna were exposed to 10, 100 and 1000 mGy of acute γ-rays. The life-span of irradiated and control animals, as well as their non-exposed progeny was analyzed. Results: Irradiation at dose of 100 and 1000 mGy resulted in a significant decrease in the life span of irradiated Daphnia. The data presented here also show that the survival of non-exposed first-generation offspring of irradiated parents is significantly compromised, thus implying the presence of transgenerational effects. Conclusion: The results of our study show that low-dose irradiation significantly reduces the life-span of directly exposed Daphnia and their first-generation offspring. The observed compromised viability is most likely attributed to non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation.
Decreased CD5+ B Cells in Active ANCA Vasculitis and Relapse after Rituximab
Authors: Bunch Donna O’Dell , McGregor JulieAnne G. , Khandoobhai Nirmal B. , Aybar Lydia T. , Burkart Madelyn E. , Hu Yichun , Hogan Susan L. , Poulton Caroline J. , Berg Elisabeth A. , Falk Ronald J. , Nachman Patrick H.
Published: January 2013

Background and objectives

B cell significance in ANCA disease pathogenesis is underscored by the finding that ANCA alone can cause disease in mouse models and by the effectiveness of rituximab as therapy in ANCA-small vessel vasculitis (ANCA-SVV). To avoid infections and adverse events from therapy, clinicians require improved markers of disease activity and impending relapse to guide immunosuppression strategies after rituximab treatment.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The B cell phenotype was investigated in patients with active ANCA-SVV and in remission. From 2003 to 2009, 54 patients were followed longitudinally for 4–99 months and compared with 68 healthy controls. In a subset of 19 patients, the B cell immunophenotype was examined in samples after rituximab therapy.

Results

Patients with active ANCA-SVV had lower %CD5+ B cells, whereas %CD5+ B cells from patients in remission were indistinguishable from healthy controls. After rituximab, median time to relapse was 31 months in patients maintaining normalized %CD5+ B cells, with or without maintenance immunosuppression. Among patients whose B cells repopulated with low %CD5+ B cells or had a sharply declining %CD5+ B cells, those who were on low or no maintenance immunosuppression relapsed sooner (median 17 months) than patients who were maintained on high levels of oral maintenance immunosuppression (29 months; P=0.002).

Conclusions

The %CD5+ B cells, as a component of the human B regulatory cell phenotype, is a useful indicator of disease activity, remission, and future relapse, and thus may guide remission maintenance therapy after rituximab treatment.
1,25-(OH)2D-24 Hydroxylase (CYP24A1) Deficiency as a Cause of Nephrolithiasis
Authors: Nesterova Galina , Malicdan May Christine , Yasuda Kaori , Sakaki Toshiyuki , Vilboux Thierry , Ciccone Carla , Horst Ronald , Huang Yan , Golas Gretchen , Introne Wendy , Huizing Marjan , Adams David , Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Collins Michael T. , Gahl William A.
Published: January 2013

Background and objectives

Elevated serum vitamin D with hypercalciuria can result in nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. This study evaluated the cause of excess 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1α,25(OH)2D3) in the development of those disorders in two individuals.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Two patients with elevated vitamin D levels and nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis were investigated at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center and the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, by measuring calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D metabolites, and by performing CYP24A1 mutation analysis.

Results

Both patients exhibited hypercalciuria, hypercalcemia, low parathyroid hormone, elevated vitamin D (1α,25(OH)2D3), normal 25-OHD3, decreased 24,25(OH)2D, and undetectable activity of 1,25(OH)2D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), the enzyme that inactivates 1α,25(OH)2D3. Both patients had bi-allelic mutations in CYP24A1 leading to loss of function of this enzyme. On the basis of dbSNP data, the frequency of predicted deleterious bi-allelic CYP24A1 variants in the general population is estimated to be as high as 4%–20%.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that 1,25(OH)2D-24-hydroxylase deficiency due to bi-allelic mutations in CYP24A1 causes elevated serum vitamin D, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal stones.
The Influence of Obesity-Related Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on BMI Across the Life Course
Authors: Graff Mariaelisa , Gordon-Larsen Penny , Lim Unhee , Fowke Jay H. , Love Shelly-Ann , Fesinmeyer Megan , Wilkens Lynne R. , Vertilus Shawyntee , Ritchie Marilyn D. , Prentice Ross L. , Pankow Jim , Monroe Kristine , Manson JoAnn E. , Le Marchand Loïc , Kuller Lewis H. , Kolonel Laurence N. , Hong Ching P. , Henderson Brian E. , Haessler Jeff , Gross Myron D. , Goodloe Robert , Franceschini Nora , Carlson Christopher S. , Buyske Steven , Bůžková Petra , Hindorff Lucia A. , Matise Tara C. , Crawford Dana C. , Haiman Christopher A. , Peters Ulrike , North Kari E.
Published: January 2013

Evidence is limited as to whether heritable risk of obesity varies throughout adulthood. Among >34,000 European Americans, aged 18–100 years, from multiple U.S. studies in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Consortium, we examined evidence for heterogeneity in the associations of five established obesity risk variants (near FTO, GNPDA2, MTCH2, TMEM18, and NEGR1) with BMI across four distinct epochs of adulthood: 1) young adulthood (ages 18–25 years), adulthood (ages 26–49 years), middle-age adulthood (ages 50–69 years), and older adulthood (ages ≥70 years); or 2) by menopausal status in women and stratification by age 50 years in men. Summary-effect estimates from each meta-analysis were compared for heterogeneity across the life epochs. We found heterogeneity in the association of the FTO (rs8050136) variant with BMI across the four adulthood epochs (P = 0.0006), with larger effects in young adults relative to older adults (β [SE] = 1.17 [0.45] vs. 0.09 [0.09] kg/m2, respectively, per A allele) and smaller intermediate effects. We found no evidence for heterogeneity in the association of GNPDA2, MTCH2, TMEM18, and NEGR1 with BMI across adulthood. Genetic predisposition to obesity may have greater effects on body weight in young compared with older adulthood for FTO, suggesting changes by age, generation, or secular trends. Future research should compare and contrast our findings with results using longitudinal data.
Lower Adiponectin Levels at First Trimester of Pregnancy Are Associated With Increased Insulin Resistance and Higher Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lacroix Marilyn , Battista Marie-Claude , Doyon Myriam , Ménard Julie , Ardilouze Jean-Luc , Perron Patrice , Hivert Marie-France
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the associations between adiponectin levels and 1) the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and 2) insulin resistance/sensitivity, β-cell function, and compensation indices in a prospective cohort representative of the general population of pregnant women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed anthropometric measurements and collected blood samples at 1st (6–13 weeks) and 2nd (24–28 weeks) trimesters. Diagnosis of GDM was made at 2nd trimester based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria). Insulin was measured (ELISA; Luminex) to estimate homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-B), insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), insulin secretion (AUCinsulin/glucose), and β-cell compensation (insulin secretion sensitivity index-2). Adiponectin was measured by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTS

Among the 445 participants included in this study, 38 women developed GDM. Women who developed GDM had lower 1st-trimester adiponectin levels (9.67 ± 3.84 vs. 11.92 ± 4.59 µg/mL in women with normal glucose tolerance). Lower adiponectin levels were associated with higher risk of developing GDM (OR, 1.12 per 1 µg/mL decrease of adiponectin levels; P = 0.02, adjusted for BMI and HbA1c at 1st trimester). Adiponectin levels at 1st and 2nd trimesters were associated with HOMA-IR (both: r = −0.22, P < 0.0001) and Matsuda index (r = 0.28, P < 0.0001, and r = 0.29, P < 0.0001). After adjustment for confounding factors, we found no significant association with HOMA-B and AUCinsulin/glucose.

CONCLUSIONS

Pregnant women with lower adiponectin levels at 1st trimester have higher levels of insulin resistance and are more likely to develop GDM independently of adiposity or glycemic measurements.
Extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy and intracorporeal laser lithotripsy for distal ureteric calculi - a comparative study of efficacy and safety
Authors: Rahman MM , Chowdhury MSA , Rahman MM , Islam N , Saha PK , Islam MN , Hossain AZMZ
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13231 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 8-11
Effect of intravesical mitomycin-C in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer after complete transurethral resection of tumour mass
Authors: Mia ZI , Rahman MM , Chowdhury MSA , Rahman MM , Amin ATMN , Barua U , Karmakar U , Kibria SGMG
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13245 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 88-96
Association between prolonged maternal smokeless tobacco use and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Rahman ME , Hossain MM , Rahman AKMM , Das SR
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13247 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 109-115
Conformal Gravity: Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Authors: Nesbet Robert
Published: January 2013

This short review examines recent progress in understanding dark matter, dark energy, and galactic halos using theory that departs minimally from standard particle physics and cosmology. Strict conformal symmetry (local Weyl scaling covariance), postulated for all elementary massless fields, retains standard fermion and gauge boson theory but modifies Einstein–Hilbert general relativity and the Higgs scalar field model, with no new physical fields. Subgalactic phenomenology is retained. Without invoking dark matter, conformal gravity and a conformal Higgs model fit empirical data on galactic rotational velocities, galactic halos, and Hubble expansion including dark energy.
Numerical Simulation on Head-On Binary Collision of Gel Propellant Droplets
Authors: Liu Zejun , Wu Jianjun , Zhen He , Hu Xiaoping
Published: January 2013

Binary collision of droplets is a fundamental form of droplet interaction in the spraying flow field. In order to reveal the central collision mechanism of two gel droplets with equal diameters, an axi-symmetric form of the Navier-Stokes equations are firstly solved and the method of VOF (volume of fluid) is utilized to track the evolution of the gas-liquid free interface. Then, the numerical computation model is validated with Qian’s experimental results on Newtonian liquids. Phenomena of rebound, coalescence and reflexive separation of droplets after collision are investigated, and structures of the complicated flow fields during the collision process are also analyzed in detail. Results show that the maximum shear rate will appear at the point where the flow is redirected and accelerated. Rebound of droplets is determined by the Weber number and viscosity of the fluid together. It can be concluded that the gel droplets are easier to rebound in comparison with the base fluid droplets. The results also show that the alternant appearance along with the deformation of droplets in the radial and axial direction is the main characteristic of the droplet coalescence process, and the deformation amplitude attenuates gradually. Moreover, the reflexive separation process of droplets can be divided into three distinctive stages including the radial expansion, the recovery of the spherical shape, and the axial extension and reflexive separation. The variation trend of the kinetic energy is opposite to that of the surface energy. The maximum deformation of droplets appears in the radial expansion stage; in the case of a low Weber number, the minimum central thickness of a droplet appears later than its maximum deformation, however, this result is on the contrary in the case of a high Weber number.
The Role of Altered Nucleotide Excision Repair and UVB-Induced DNA Damage in Melanomagenesis
Authors: Budden Timothy , Bowden Nikola
Published: January 2013

UVB radiation is the most mutagenic component of the UV spectrum that reaches the earth’s surface and causes the development of DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts. UV radiation usually results in cellular death, but if left unchecked, it can affect DNA integrity, cell and tissue homeostasis and cause mutations in oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes. These mutations, if unrepaired, can lead to abnormal cell growth, increasing the risk of cancer development. Epidemiological data strongly associates UV exposure as a major factor in melanoma development, but the exact biological mechanisms involved in this process are yet to be fully elucidated. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is responsible for the repair of UV-induced lesions. Patients with the genetic disorder Xeroderma Pigmentosum have a mutation in one of eight NER genes associated with the XP complementation groups XP-A to XP-G and XP variant (XP-V). XP is characterized by diminished repair capacity, as well as a 1000-fold increase in the incidence of skin cancers, including melanoma. This has suggested a significant role for NER in melanoma development as a result of UVB exposure. This review discusses the current research surrounding UVB radiation and NER capacity and how further investigation of NER could elucidate the role of NER in avoiding UV-induced cellular death resulting in melanomagenesis.
Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis of Rhodobacter capsulatus NifF: Uncovering General Features of Nitrogen-fixation (nif)-Flavodoxins
Authors: Pérez-Dorado Inmaculada , Bortolotti Ana , Cortez Néstor , Hermoso Juan
Published: January 2013

Analysis of the crystal structure of NifF from Rhodobacter capsulatus and its homologues reported so far reflects the existence of unique structural features in nif flavodoxins: a leucine at the re face of the isoalloxazine, an eight-residue insertion at the C-terminus of the 50’s loop and a remarkable difference in the electrostatic potential surface with respect to non-nif flavodoxins. A phylogenetic study on 64 sequences from 52 bacterial species revealed four clusters, including different functional prototypes, correlating the previously defined as “short-chain” with the firmicutes flavodoxins and the “long-chain” with gram-negative species. The comparison of Rhodobacter NifF structure with other bacterial flavodoxin prototypes discloses the concurrence of specific features of these functional electron donors to nitrogenase.
Curcumin Induces Cell Death and Restores Tamoxifen Sensitivity in the Antiestrogen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7/LCC2 and MCF-7/LCC9
Authors: Jiang Min , Huang Ou , Zhang Xi , Xie Zuoquan , Shen Aijun , Liu Hongchun , Geng Meiyu , Shen Kunwei
Published: January 2013

Curcumin, a principal component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), has potential therapeutic activities against breast cancer through multiple signaling pathways. Increasing evidence indicates that curcumin reverses chemo-resistance and sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy and targeted therapy in breast cancer. To date, few studies have explored its potential antiproliferation effects and resistance reversal in antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer. In this study, we therefore investigated the efficacy of curcumin alone and in combination with tamoxifen in the established antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer cell lines MCF-7/LCC2 and MCF-7/LCC9. We discovered that curcumin treatment displayed anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities and induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Of note, the combination of curcumin and tamoxifen resulted in a synergistic survival inhibition in MCF-7/LCC2 and MCF-7/LCC9 cells. Moreover, we found that curcumin targeted multiple signals involved in growth maintenance and resistance acquisition in endocrine resistant cells. In our cell models, curcumin could suppress expression of pro-growth and anti-apoptosis molecules, induce inactivation of NF-κB, Src and Akt/mTOR pathways and downregulate the key epigenetic modifier EZH2. The above findings suggested that curcumin alone and combinations of curcumin with endocrine therapy may be of therapeutic benefit for endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
Synthesis and in Vitro Antiproliferative Activity of New Phenylaminoisoquinolinequinones against Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Delgado Virginia , Ibacache Andrea , Arancibia Verónica , Theoduloz Cristina , Valderrama Jaime
Published: January 2013

A variety of phenylaminoisoquinolinequinones were synthesized and tested for their antiproliferative activity against three human-tumor derived cancer cell lines. The new aminoquinones were prepared from 4-methoxycarbonyl-3-methylisoquinoline-5,8-quinone (1) via acid-induced amination and bromination reactions. Remarkable differences in antiproliferative activity were observed depending upon the location and donor capacity of the substituted phenylamino group at the quinone nucleus. The effect of the substituents on the biological activity is discussed in terms of the donor-acceptor interactions which were evaluated through the redox properties of the aminoquinones.