bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generation of Spatiotemporal optical vortices with arbitrary orbital angular momentum orientation
Authors: Zang Yimin , Mirando Amal , Chong Andy
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate a convenient method to generate spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) with arbitrary orbital angular momentum orientation (OAM). The OAM direction is tuned by using a cylindrical lens system.
Location resolved internal structure identification and defect detection in PIC chips with optical coherence domain reflectometer
Authors: Wu Shengbao , Hao Jinxin , Chen Xiaojun , Yao X. Steve
Published: September 2022

We explore using a coherence domain reflectometry (OCDR) we developed to probe the inside of PIC chips. With clean and sharp reflection peaks having a spatial resolution down to 3 μm in Si, OCDR has the potential to detect and locate defects or anomalies inside PIC chips.
Low-loss dispersion-engineered silicon nitride waveguides coated with a thin blanket layer
Authors: Sun Yi , Ye Zhichao , Van Laer Raphaël , Larsson Anders , Torres-Company Victor
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate that coating with a thin blanket layer reduces the propagation loss of silicon nitride dispersion-engineered waveguides featuring strong optical field confinement.
Highly linear integrated lithium niobate modulator based on ring-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Feng Hanke , Zhang Ke , Sun Wenzhao , Ren Yangming , Zhang Yiwen , Zhang Wenfu , Wang Cheng
Published: September 2022

We report an ultra-high-linearity modulator on thin-film lithium niobate platform based on the ring-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer (RAMZI) structure, with measured spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) up to 120.04 dB·Hz4/5 at 1GHz.
Programmable On-chip Photonic Machine Learning System Based on Joint Transform Correlator
Authors: Yang Hangbo , Li Shurui , Ma Xiaoxuan , George Jonathan K. , Gupta Puneet , Sorger Volker J. , Wong Chee Wei
Published: September 2022

We present a programmable on-chip photonic machine learning system based on the joint transform correlator. Testing the system on MNIST dataset shows 96.9% accuracy with even 10% signal delay.
A Point-of-care Biosensor with Subwavelength Grating Waveguide-based Micro-ring Resonator for Detection of COVID-19
Authors: Ning Shupeng , Wang Chao , Chang Hao-Chen , Yoo Kyoung Min , Fan James , Shoemaker Devan , Nakos Maxwell , Hlaing May H , Lu Yen-Wen , Tian Huiping , Chen Ray T.
Published: September 2022

We present an on-chip optical biosensor for the detection of COVID-19. The subwavelength grating waveguide-based micro-ring resonator with high sensitivity and low limit of detection integrates with microfludic channel, which promises clinical utility in point-of-care diagnostic.
Observation of Interorbital Coupling
Authors: Guzmán-Silva Diego , Cáceres-Aravena Gabriel , Vicencio Rodrigo A.
Published: September 2022

We theoretically and experimentally show the coupling between different orthogonal modes by tuning their propagation constant in a photonic chip platform. This element is completely passive and effectively converts single modes to higher modes.
Normal-Incidence Infrared Silicon Photodetectors Based on Surface-State Absorption and Their Applications
Authors: Wang Zhao , Liu Haiyi , Zhang Ziyu , Zou Kai , Hu Xiaolong
Published: September 2022

We fabricated and tested a normal-incidence infrared silicon photodetector based on surface-state absorption for free-space optical applications. It featured -46-dBm sensitivity and near transparency at 1560-nm wavelength as well as broad spectral photoresponse.
Broadband Photodetectors through Tunable Tunneling Heterointerfaces
Authors: Yoon Hoon Hahn , Fernandez Henry A. , Nigmatulin Fedor , Dai Yunyun , Ahmed Faisal , Cui Xiaoqi , Bai Xueyin , Li Diao , Du Mingde , Lipsanen Harri , Sun Zhipei
Published: September 2022

We report tunable tunneling van der Waals heterointerfaces with two strategies (oxidation layer and bandgap engineering) for broadband photodetection covering from the ultra-violet to the mid-infrared ranges.
Electrically-tuned coupling of lithium niobate racetrack resonator
Authors: Jia Di , Zhang Ru , Yang Chen , Hao Zhenzhong , Gao Feng , Bo Fang , Zhang Guoquan , Xu Jingjun
Published: September 2022

The coupling between a racetrack resonator and an integrated waveguide on an x-cut lithium niobate film was electrically tuned in a broad range while keeping the resonance wavelength relatively stable.
Optimization of the Far-field Pattern in an Apodized Optical Phased Array by Refractive Index Liquids
Authors: Li Binghui , Sun Caiming , Zhang Aidong
Published: September 2022

We investigate the far-field pattern broadening of an apodized optical phased array when changing the waveguide cladding indices. Results indicate the beam broadening can be optimized and circumvented by tuning liquid claddings.
The Carrier Dynamics in the GaN-nanowire Based Photoelectrochemical Photodetector
Authors: Fang Shi , Wang Danhao , Kang Yang , Liu Xin , Luo Yuanmin , Sun Haiding
Published: September 2022

Two competing charge transfer processes co-determine the photo-responsive behaviour in the GaN nanowires. Furthermore, Platinum decoration tuned the charge-transfer dynamics and contributed to a 20-fold increase of photocurrent. Theoretical calculations finally revealed the underlying mechanism.
Birefringence Effects in Fibre-Based Polarisation-Insensitive FWM Systems
Authors: Liu Hao , Bottrill Kyle R. H. , Vitali Valerio , Taranta Austin , Petropoulos Periklis
Published: September 2022

We present a quantitative study of the effects of birefringence in polarisation-insensitive orthogonal-pump four-wave mixing (FWM) systems, that ultimately advises on appropriate fibre length selection for minimised polarisation dependent gain.
Geometric Modes Generated from a Pr:YLF laser
Authors: Rao A. Srinivasa , Morohashi Takuya , Miike Taku , Miyamoto Katsuhiko , Omatsu Takashige
Published: September 2022

We report on, for the first time, the generation of visible (640 nm) and ultraviolet (320 nm) geometric modes (GMs) from a frequency-doubled, diode-pumped Pr3+:YLF laser.
Four-wave Mixing Interaction in a Topological Resonator
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Xi Chaoxiang , He Guangqiang , Jiang Chun
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate a topological resonator implementing the four-wave mixing interaction based on valley photonic crystals. The topologically protected spontaneous four-wave mixing process in the topological resonator is numerically manipulated.
Exciton complexes and quantum electrodynamics of highly-symmetric single-site-controlled InGaAS quantum dot nanocavities
Authors: Huang Jiahui , Liu Wei , Miranda Alessio , Dwir Benjamin , Rudra Alok , Kapon Eli , Wong Chee Wei
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate high-resolution cryogenic photoluminescence measurements on exciton complexes emitting ≈ 1 µm of a single-site-controlled highly-symmetric quantum dot-nanocavity system. Observed fine spectral features uncover the C3
v
QD symmetry and cavity quantum electrodynamics.
Spiral phase modulation based deep learning for autofocusing
Authors: Zhang Zezheng , Chan Ryan K. Y. , Wong Kenneth K. Y.
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate the use of spiral phase modulation in preprocessing defocused image before feeding into deep learning model for autofocusing. Average predict error is shown to outperform previously published works on an open dataset.
Spatial distributions of amplitude and phase of electromagnetic wave in 1-dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Galinsky Michael K. , Rumyantsev Vladimir V. , Fedorov Stanislav A.
Published: September 2022

In order to construct photonic crystal with necessary optical properties to define relation of wave and material structures is necessary without using average value of wave vector. Presented work is aimed to get this relation.
Demonstration of High-Power DFB Lasers with High Single Mode Yield and Low RIN
Authors: Zhang Yuanhao , Xiang Minwen , Li Guojiong , Liu Can , Lu Qiaoyin , Lu MingZhi , Guo WeiHua
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate a novel three-section DFB lasers with high output power and good single-mode yield. The fabricated laser exhibited a stable single-mode operation with the output power ~90mW, SMSR over 55dB, and RIN ~-155 dB/Hz.
Vertical cavity using a heterostructure dual-period high-contrast grating
Authors: Zhang Jing , Hao Chenxi , Zheng Wanhua , Liu Anjin
Published: September 2022

A vertical cavity using a heterostructure dual-period high-contrast grating with a feature size of about 15 nm is demonstrated for the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser application. The reflectivity spectra of the vertical cavity are measured.
Temporal coherence of an optical field in the presence of entanglement
Authors: Zhang Yunxiao , Huo Nan , Cui Liang , Zhao Wen , Guo Xueshi , Li Xiaoying , Ou Z. Y.
Published: September 2022

Using an unbalanced SU(1,1) interferometer, we study the dependence of interference upon filter bandwidth. We find that under some conditions depending on entanglement, the coherence time does not change when optical filtering is applied.
Deep learning of polarization transfer in liquid crystals with application to quantum state preparation
Authors: Vašinka Dominik , Bielak Martin , Neset Michal , Ježek Miroslav
Published: September 2022

We present deep learning of light polarization in liquid crystals. Our model maps the transfer function at the unprecedented fidelity level of 0.999. The approach is used for accurate remote preparation of polarization quantum bits.
Topologically Protected Entangled Photon Pairs in Honeycomb Photonic Crystals
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Xi Chaoxiang , He Guangqiang , Jiang Chun
Published: September 2022

We propose a topological insulator supporting topologically protected entangled photon pairs. The continuous frequency entanglement between photon pairs generated from the four-wave mixing process is theoretically clarified.
Polarization Speckle Generation & Control of Angular Memory Effect in Optically Anisotropic Media
Authors: Gupta Nitish Kumar , Tiwari Anjani Kumar , Wanare Harshawardhan , Ramakrishna S. Anantha
Published: September 2022

We present an experimental investigation into correlations of polarized speckle patterns generated from optically anisotropic liquid crystal elastomer films. The anisotropic scattering provides a prolific template to control the angular memory effect in these films.
Dye-doped polymer based optical fiber transducer for PA-US dual-modality imaging
Authors: Xu Dongchen , Yang Liuyang , Chen Geng , Wang Anqi , Dai Chenhao , Yan Zhijun , Sun Qizhen
Published: September 2022

A dye-doped polymer based optical fiber transducer is demonstrated for PA-US dual-modality imaging, which an ultrasound generation efficiency of 0.064MPa mJ-1cm2 with a bandwidth of 33.5MHz as well as an optical transmittance of 83.1%.
Dual asynchronous undersampling of fast spectral variations with triple optical frequency combs
Authors: Yang Jianjun , Liu Jiansheng , Li Ting , Hu Jingyuan , Wang Jingyi , Xie Shuguo , Zhao Xin , Zheng Zheng
Published: September 2022

A dynamic demodulation scheme for high-frequency spectral modulations based on triple optical frequency combs is proposed here. This scheme could further extend the capability of dual-comb measurement techniques, and it also illustrates the potential of simple multi-comb laser source for novel yet practical applications.
Quasi-real-time dual-comb spectroscopy based on 750-MHz Yb:fiber combs unfolding aliasing down-sampled spectra
Authors: Tian Haochen , Li Runmin , Sterczewski Lukasz A. , Kato Takashi , Asahara Akifumi , Minoshima Kaoru
Published: September 2022

Quasi-real-time computational coherent averaging is proposed and applied in the 750-MHz Yb:fiber laser dual comb spectroscopy system. More than three aliasing down-sampled spectra can be distinguished and unfolded due to the well-corrected phase noise.
Fabrication tolerant and broadband polarization splitter-rotator based on adiabatic mode evolution on thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Gan Ranfeng , Qi Lu , Ruan Ziliang , Liu Jie , Guo Changjian , Chen Kaixuan , Liu Liu
Published: September 2022

A polarization splitter-rotator device can facilitate on-chip polarization-division multiplexing to enhance the transmission data rate. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a polarization splitter-rotator based on adiabatic mode evolution on the thin-film lithium niobate platform. The measured results for a fabricated device show low insertion losses of <−0.5 dB and large extinction ratios of >20 dB over the 110-nm band. Large fabrication tolerance is also demonstrated with extinction ratios of >15 dB in the wavelength range of 1465–1630 nm for a waveguide width variation of 80 nm.
A retrospective clinical, multi-center cross-sectional study to assess the severity and sequela of Noma/Cancrum oris in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebretsadik Heron Gezahegn , de Kiev Laurent Cleenewerck
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Noma is a disfiguring gangrenous disease of the orofacial tissue and predominantly affects malnourished children. The tissue gangrene or necrosis starts in the mouth and eventually spreads intra-orally with the destruction of soft and hard tissues. If not controlled, the natural course of the condition leads to a perforation through the skin of the face, creating a severe cosmetic and functional defect, which often affects the mid-facial structures. Furthermore, the course of the disease is fulminating, and without timely intervention, it is fatal.

Materials and methods

A retrospective clinical cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the sequela and severity of Noma in Ethiopia. Medical records of patients diagnosed with Noma were reviewed. The medical files were obtained from Yekatik 12 Hospital, Facing Africa, and the Harar project,—the three major Noma treatment centers in Ethiopia. The severity of facial tissue damage and the extent of mouth trismus (ankylosis) were examined based on the NOIPTUS score.

Results

A total of 163 medical records were reviewed. Of those, 52% (n = 85) and 48% (n = 78) have reported left-sided and right-sided facial defects, respectively. The facial defects ranged from minor to severe tissue damage. In other words, 42.3% (n = 69), 30.7% (n = 50), 19% (n = 31), and 8% (n = 13) have reported Grade-2 (25–50%), Grade-3 (50–75%), Grade-1 (0–25%), and Grade-4 (75–100%) tissue damages respectively. Cheek, upper lip, lower lip, nose, hard palate, maxilla, oral commissure, zygoma, infra-orbital region, mandible, and chin are oftentimes the major facial anatomic regions affected by the disease in the individuals identified in our review. Complete loss of upper lip, lower lip, and nose were also identified as a sequela of Noma.

Discussion

The mortality rate of Noma is reported to vary between 85% and 90%. The few survivors suffer from disfigurement and functional impairment affecting speech, breathing, mastication, and/or even leading to changes in vision. Often, the aesthetic damage becomes a source of stigma, leading to isolation from society, as well as one’s family. Similarly, our review found a high level of facial tissue damage and psychiatric morbidity.
A data-driven eXtreme gradient boosting machine learning model to predict COVID-19 transmission with meteorological drivers
Authors: Rahman Md. Siddikur , Chowdhury Arman Hossain
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 pandemic has become a global major public health concern. Examining the meteorological risk factors and accurately predicting the incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic is an extremely important challenge. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the relationship between meteorological factors and COVID-19 transmission in SAARC countries. We also compared the predictive accuracy of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMAX) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) methods for precise modelling of COVID-19 incidence. We compiled a daily dataset including confirmed COVID-19 case counts, minimum and maximum temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), surface pressure (kPa), precipitation (mm/day) and maximum wind speed (m/s) from the onset of the disease to January 29, 2022, in each country. The data were divided into training and test sets. The training data were used to fit ARIMAX model for examining significant meteorological risk factors. All significant factors were then used as covariates in ARIMAX and XGBoost models to predict the COVID-19 confirmed cases. We found that maximum temperature had a positive impact on the COVID-19 transmission in Afghanistan (β = 11.91, 95% CI: 4.77, 19.05) and India (β = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.35). Surface pressure had a positive influence in Pakistan (β = 25.77, 95% CI: 7.85, 43.69) and Sri Lanka (β = 411.63, 95% CI: 49.04, 774.23). We also found that the XGBoost model can help improve prediction of COVID-19 cases in SAARC countries over the ARIMAX model. The study findings will help the scientific communities and policymakers to establish a more accurate early warning system to control the spread of the pandemic.
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, COVID-19 related hospitalizations and deaths, among individuals aged ≥65 years in Portugal: A cohort study based on data-linkage of national registries February-September 2021
Authors: Machado Ausenda , Kislaya Irina , Rodrigues Ana Paula , Sequeira Duarte , Lima João , Cruz Camila , Leite Pedro Pinto , Matias Dias Carlos , Nunes Baltazar
Published: September 2022

Background

Using data from electronic health registries, this study intended to estimate the COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the population aged 65 years and more, against symptomatic infection, COVID-19-related hospitalizations, and deaths, overall and by time since complete vaccination for the period February to September 2021

Methods

We established a cohort of individuals aged 65 and more years old, resident in Portugal mainland, using the National Health Service User number to link eight electronic health registries. Outcomes included were symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, COVID-19-related hospitalizations or deaths. The exposures of interest were the mRNA vaccines (Comirnaty or Spikevax) and the viral vector (Vaxzevria) vaccine. Complete schedule VE was estimated as one minus the confounder adjusted hazard ratio, for each outcome, estimated by time-dependent Cox regression with time-dependent vaccine exposure.

Results

For the cohort of individuals aged 65–79 years, complete scheme VE against symptomatic infection varied 43 (95%CI: 37–49) (Vaxzevria) and 65 (95%CI: 62–68) (mRNA vaccines). This estimate was slightly lower in the ≥80 years cohort (53, 95%CI: 45–60) for mRNA vaccines). VE against COVID-19 hospitalization varied between 89% (95%CI: 52–94) for Vaxzevria and 95% (95%CI: 93–97) for mRNA vaccines for the cohort aged 65–79 years and was 76% (95%CI: 67–83) for mRNA vaccines in the ≥80 years cohort. High VE against COVID-19-related deaths was estimated, for both vaccine types, 95% and 81 (95%CI:76–86) for the 65–79 years and the ≥80 years cohort, respectively. We observed a significant waning of VE against symptomatic infection, with VE estimates reaching approximately 34% for both vaccine types and cohorts. Significant waning was observed for the COVID-19 hospitalizations in the ≥80 years cohort (decay from 83% (95%CI:68 to 91) 14–41 days to 63% (95%CI:37 to 78) 124 days after mRNA second dose). No significant waning effect was observed for COVID-19-related deaths in the period of follow-up of either cohort.

Conclusions

In a population with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 complications, we observed higher overall VE estimates against more severe outcomes for both age cohorts when compared to symptomatic infections. Considering the analysis of VE according to time since complete vaccination, the results showed a waning effect for both age cohorts in symptomatic infection and COVID-19 hospitalization for the 80 and more years cohort.
Evaluating profitability of beef cattle farming and its determinants among smallholder beef cattle farmers in the Baljovan District of Khatlon region, Tajikistan
Authors: Jobirov Farrukh , Yuejie Zhang , Kibona Cornel Anyisile
Published: September 2022

In Tajikistan, owning beef cattle is an important survival mechanism for smallholder farmers to alleviate poverty. Therefore, beef cattle farming enterprises should indeed strive to maximize profit to excel and flourish in a free economy. Nevertheless, smallholder beef cattle farmers are known for making little profit. Thus, this study was set to evaluate the profitability of beef cattle farming and its determinants to enhance profit maximization among smallholder beef cattle farmers in the Baljovan District of Khatlon region, Tajikistan. A total of 388 farming households were chosen at random and purposive for the study. The cross-sectional data collected using questionnaires was analyzed by using descriptive, gross margin (GM), and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models. Based on the descriptive analyses, the mean age of beef cattle farmers was 52.73 years, with a household size of 7.07 members. The beef cattle farmers had an average of 18.23 cattle herd size with 8.54 years of farming experience. The average land area possessed by farmers was 10.59 hectares. Among farmers, men (98.2%) dominated beef cattle farming activities. Around 83.8% of farmers had a college grade (higher literacy). Besides, around 89.4% of farmers had access to farm credits. However, only 71.4% of farmers used farm credit points to produce beef cattle. Most of the farmers (89.7%) had access to accurate market information. Such market information enabled 75.8% of farmers to sell their beef cattle to open market (profitable) outlets rather than middlemen. About 89.4% had access to veterinary services. Additionally, about 82.7% of farmers acknowledged the availability of pasture for grazing, which motivated 87.6% of farmers to be involved in selling contracts. Furthermore, economic investigation results revealed that on average, farmers had a gross margin (GM-profit) of 353.77 US$ per cattle, with feed costs (58.6%) and medications costs (26.1%) accounting for the largest share of total variable costs. Meanwhile, the profitability of beef cattle farming among farmers was significantly influenced by education level, family size, farming experience, pasture availability, land size owned, selling contract, feed costs, medications expenses, access to credits, and sales costs (P < 0.05). This study concluded that beef cattle production is a feasible business. However, the potential for increased profitability is significant if existing resources are efficiently coordinated and production expenses, notably feed and healthcare costs, are minimized. Thus, the government should develop additional measures for addressing concerns such as capacity building, suitable and freely available pasture as well as health management, to boost beef cattle profitability among farmers in Tajikistan.
Exploring pain interference with motor skill learning in humans: A systematic review
Authors: Matthews David , Cancino Edith Elgueta , Falla Deborah , Khatibi Ali
Published: September 2022

Motor learning underpins successful motor skill acquisition. Although it is well known that pain changes the way we move, it’s impact on motor learning is less clear. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize evidence on the impact of experimental and clinical pain on task performance and activity-dependent plasticity measures across learning and explore these findings in relation to different pain and motor learning paradigms. Five databases were searched: Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane ROB2 and ROBIN-I. The overall strength of evidence was rated using the GRADE guidelines. Due to the heterogeneity of study methodologies a narrative synthesis was employed. Twenty studies were included in the review: fifteen experimental pain and five clinical pain studies, covering multiple motor paradigms. GRADE scores for all outcome measures suggested limited confidence in the reported effect for experimental pain and clinical pain, on motor learning. There was no impact of pain on any of the task performance measures following acquisition except for ‘accuracy’ during a tongue protrusion visuomotor task and ‘timing of errors’ during a motor adaptation locomotion task. Task performance measures at retention, and activity dependent measures at both acquisition and retention showed conflicting results. This review delivers a detailed synthesis of research studies exploring the impact of pain on motor learning. This is despite the challenges provided by the heterogeneity of motor learning paradigms, outcome measures and pain paradigms employed in these studies. The results highlight important questions for further research with the goal of strengthening the confidence of findings in this area.
Selección de las formas matemáticas en la naturaleza y su emergencia en la arquitectura
Authors: Torrens Bermejo Mercedes
Published: September 2022

Alentados por el estímulo de tratar de comprender la realidad y las formas organizadas que proliferan en ella emergiendo de forma inteligible y bella en la arquitectura, emprenderemos con la elaboración de esta tesis, la búsqueda de una teoría de la forma que justifique su origen y progreso. Partiendo de la lógica ontológica, de que lo que existe, existe porque ha superado alguna clase de selección. Y superar una selección equivale a superar una prueba de compatibilidad con el resto de la realidad. Puesto que, sólo se puede permanecer si primero se emerge. Y, en otras palabras, de lo que accede a la realidad se (re) selecciona continuamente aquello que puede permanecer, con el fin de proyectar este esquema conceptual, comenzaremos eligiendo la definición de conceptos idóneos como el de función, que en el sentido amplio de ganancia, nos ayuden a justificar la emergencia y perseverancia de las formas ordenadas en la naturaleza, para así poder afirmar que, como seres cultos que formamos parte de la cadena evolutiva emergemos como individuos complejos dotados de pensamiento abstracto observando y creando la realidad. Nos autoorganizamos anticipando la incertidumbre del entorno del que formamos parte seleccionando perceptivamente formas frecuentes que adoptan configuraciones ordenadas geométricamente por su idoneidad funcional, y aplicándolas en evocadoras e improbables formas arquitectónicas, disipamos, en un flujo no-lineal, eficazmente entropía. De modo que, siguiendo este patrón hologramático que ordena el mundo, logramos eficazmente permanecer y perseverar.
O acesso, avaliação e compartilhamento de fontes da informação sobre a covid-19 na periferia de São Carlos - SP
Authors: Silva Neto José Marcos Amorim da , Furnival Ariadne
Published: September 2022

Desde que o primeiro caso de Covid-19 foi registrado no final de 2019, toda a população do mundo foi obrigada a ficar em casa, e consequentemente, a usar a Internet e os meios de comunicação ativamente. O vírus causou não apenas uma crise de saúde, mas também uma “infodemia”. Porém a informação é vista como essencial para prevenir a proliferação do vírus, para a qual é necessário conseguir identificar e avaliar fontes de informação de boa qualidade. O estudo aqui descrito, que foi realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário, objetivou identificar facetas das práticas de acesso, avaliação e compartilhamento da informação sobre a Covid-19 pelos moradores de um bairro periférico da cidade de São Carlos, no interior do estado de São Paulo. Mesmo que os participantes da pesquisa tenham uma percepção majoritariamente otimista das suas próprias habilidades informacionais, foi identificada a necessidade de prover conteúdo de letramento midiático e informacional para estes moradores.
Monitoramento do interesse dos internautas brasileiros em assuntos relacionados a atividade física durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Silva Bezerra Sonny Állan , Gomes de Carvalho Wellington Roberto , Salvador Emanuel Péricles
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e descrever padrões de busca por termos relacionados ao exercício físico na internet durante o ano 2020, no Brasil, em meio a pandemia de COVID-19, quando medidas restritivas de circulação de pessoas foram implementadas em diferentes escalas por todo o território nacional. Utilizou-se o Google Trends como ferramenta de coleta de dados, obtidos no formato de volume relativo de buscas (VRB) e dividido em 3 momentos distintos referentes a 36 semanas do ano de 2020: pré-pandemia (anterior ao decreto oficial), fase um (fase inicial da pandemia entre março e junho) e fase dois (junho até fim de agosto, com escalada no número de casos). Foram coletados o VRB dos termos “caminhada”, “musculação”, “corrida”, “CrossFit” e “Ciclismo”. Duas categorias foram utilizadas como filtro de buscas: “hobbies e lazer”, “condicionamento físico”. Para comparar as mudanças no VRB nesses períodos, conduzimos análise de medidas repetidas e o Teste de Friedman, dependendo da normalidade dos dados. Adotamos índice de confiança de 95% e p ≤ 0,05 em todos os testes. Os termos “caminhada”, “ciclismo” e “corrida” apresentaram alta significativa no VRB durante a pandemia, em ambas as categorias, mas principalmente na “hobbies e lazer”. O termo “musculação” se manteve estável, com alto VRB na categoria “condicionamento físico”. O interesse por atividades ao ar livre, em especial o ciclismo, foi a que despertou maior interesse entre os internautas brasileiros durante o ano de 2020, principalmente no contexto de lazer. A musculação dominou o interesse do público no contexto do condicionamento físico, mesmo em um contexto de pandemia e medidas restritivas. Esse tipo de análise permite inferir sobre os interesses do público e pode orientar a tomada de decisão em relação a políticas públicas ou um direcionamento mercadológico profissional.
Atividade física e uso abusivo de smartphone associado a sintomas depressivos em universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Morozini Milena , Bitencort Leonardo S. , Paludo Ana Carolina , Mattes Veronica V. , Bastos Murilo , Stein Angelica M. , Tartaruga Marcus P. , Silva Michael P.
Published: September 2022

Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, evidenciou-se uma mudança nos comportamentos relacionados a saúde em universitários, tais como depreciações da saúde mental e aumento da inatividade física, concomitantes com o uso abusivo de smartphone. O presente estudo objetivou verificar os efeitos da atividade física e do uso de smartphone nos níveis de depressão em universitários durante a pandemia. Participaram do estudo 128 estudantes (18 anos) de ambos os sexos, pertencentes a uma universidade estadual do Paraná. A atividade física de moderada a vigorosa intensidade (AFMV) foi avaliada adotando-se o questionário IPAQ, versão curta. A frequência de uso de smartphone foi mensurado pelo Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV). Já a ocorrência de sintomas depressivos foi medido através do Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). A AFMV e a frequência de uso do smartphone apresentaram associações significativas (p<0,05) com os indicadores depressivos avaliados. Especificamente, 41,4 % dos participantes apresentaram uso abusivo de smartphone e 89,8% apresentaram algum nível de ocorrência de sintomas depressivos (PHQ-9>9). Os participantes dos maiores tercis de AFMV apresentaram menores escores do PHQ-9 (B= -2,05, EP= 0,66, p<0,01). Também, os participantes com maiores escores de uso abusivo de smartphones demonstraram maiores escores de PHQ-9 (B=0,21, EP= 0,05, p<0,01). Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, a maioria dos universitários apresentaram algum sintoma depressivo, entretanto para os aqueles que se mantiveram ativos, esses sintomas foram atenuados. Por outro lado, o uso abusivo de smartphone parece potencializar os sintomas de depressão entre os universitários.
Dehydration tolerance and storage sensitivity of Campomanesia adamantium seeds
Authors: Fernandes Leão-Araújo Érica , Aparecida Silveira Ferreira Eliane , Aguiar Silva Mariana , Lúcia Costa Lilian , Peixoto Nei , Regina Barboza de Souza Eli
Published: September 2022

Cultivating native fruit species depends on the existence of technical and scientific information. In this context, studies on propagation are the basis for other investigations. Campomanesia adamantium is propagated by seeds, and quality seeds guarantee the formation of high-performance plants in the field. This study aimed to analyze the dehydration tolerance and storage sensitivity of Campomanesia adamantium seeds. Experiment 1 evaluated the physiological quality of seeds with moisture contents of 43, 30, 26, 23, 18, 15, and 5%. Experiment 2 determined the seed moisture content, germination, and vigor of seeds depulped and immediately stored at 16 and 25°C, for 25 and 50 days. Seed viability was not affected by dehydration up to 15% of moisture content but decreased at 5%. Drying was accompanied by reduced seed vigor and seedling mass. The germination of unstored seeds was superior to stored ones. Storage at 16°C for 25 days was promising to maintain seed viability. The seeds showed intermediate recalcitrant behavior. Dehydration below 30% reduced vigor, while 5% affected viability. Campomanesia adamantium seeds can be stored for 25 days at 16°C in permeable packaging that maintains approximately 10% of moisture, with germination higher than 60%.
Influence of non-carious cervical lesions, bone attachment level, and occlusal load on the stress distribution pattern in maxillary premolars: finite element analysis
Authors: Peres Thiago Silva , Teixeira Daniela Navarro Ribeiro , Soares Paulo Vinicius , Zeola Lívia Favaro , Machado Alexandre Coelho
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different bone attachment levels and occlusal loads on the stress distribution pattern of maxillary premolars with or without non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL), before and after restoration with composite resin by three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. From the healthy model, NCCL models were produced and the cavity was restored with composite resin. Models with vertical and horizontal bone loss were also made. For each model, three types of occlusal loads were simulated (100 N): vertical load (VL), buccal load (BL), and palatal load (PL). After processing the models, the data were obtained in MPa for the criteria of Maximum Principal Stress (for all structures) and Minimum Principal Stress (for cortical and medullary bones). Stress values were collected for a node on the cervical buccal surface (Maximum Principal Stress) and the buccal crestal bone (Minimum Principal Stress). As a result, the different bone attachment levels did not affect stress distribution at the amelodentinal junction. The buccal load promoted a higher concentration of compressive stress on the buccal bone surface and the palatal load resulted in greater tensile stress in the buccal cervical third of the tooth. The concentration of tensile stress in the buccal cervical third was exacerbated by the presence of NCCL and it was similar to the healthy and restored models. It can be concluded that stress concentration at the bone level does not depend on the presence or absence of NCCL and the restoration procedure but it is related to the type of occlusal load. However, the presence of NCCL promoted a higher stress concentration in the cervical region, especially when combined with oblique occlusal loads.
In vitro establishment and multiplication of Echynochloa polystachya
Authors: Silveira Emanuel Orestes da , Lopes Ricardo , Rodrigues Filipe Almendagna , Raizer Marcelo Domingues Martins , Dias Fabio Jacobs , Harada Pamela Keiko , Araújo Daniele Simões , Pasqual Moacir , Luz José Magno Queiroz , Lopes Maria Teresa Gomes
Published: September 2022

The objective of this work was to carry out the in vitro establishment of Echynochloa polystachya aiming at obtaining a micropropagation protocol for works involving the selection of superior genotypes and the cultivation of the species. E. polystachya stems were collected in the municipality of Manaus-AM. Explants were inoculated in test tubes containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Thirty days after in vitro establishment, the rate of sprouting and contamination were evaluated. Experiments were also carried out to assess the effects of sucrose and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations on the tillering rate of explants. It was found that during the successive subcultures there was a decrease in internodes and the consequent loss of vigor. There were responses in the multiplication rate at concentrations starting from 45 g L-1 sucrose. In addition, BAP and sucrose interfered the development and in vitro multiplication. Sucrose in conjunction with BAP was harmful and shortened internodes. The physiological state of the explants for the species under study was intrinsically linked to the concentrations of sucrose used for the culture medium and the concentrations of BAP. However, the sucrose and BAP concentrations suggested for in vitro cultivation of E. Polystachya must be adjusted during successive subcultures. Absence of contamination in the in vitro establishment occurred at concentrations 15, 30 and 60 g L-1 sucrose. The combination of 1.5 mg L-1 BAP and 30 g L-1 sucrose promoted greater induction of sprouts. In addition, the in vitro rooting of E. polystachya was 45%.
Doing exposed correction in the language class-room: A conversation analysis perspective
Authors: Tůma František , Fořtová Nicola
Published: September 2022

Exposed correction can be seen as a tool whose use on the one hand temporarily stops the progressivity of the talk, but at the same time makes it possible for the speakers in interaction to clarify problems that have occurred, both in mundane conversation and institutional talk. Using conversation analysis, a dataset of 18 teaching hours (1585 minutes of video-recordings of whole-class work in total) was examined to identify and describe the practices used by learners and teachers in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms when conducting exposed correction. The analysis shows that in exposed correction sequences there seems to be a requirement for the learners to produce a reaction to teacher correction. While learners typically repeat the correct form after the teacher has corrected them in a correction sequence that the learners initiated by displaying trouble producing the target language form, teacher-initiated sequences tend to generate minimal post-expansion on the part of the learners. When no student response comes, the teacher may expand the correction sequence.
Blends: an intermediate category at the crossroads of morphology and phonology
Authors: Hamans Camiel
Published: September 2022

Blends are traditionally seen as irregular and unsystematic. In this paper it is shown that one must make a distinction between stub compounds or clipped compounds (sitcom, misper) and real blends (brunch, advertorial). In much of the literature on blends, however, stub compounds are classified as blends.

Stub compounds appear to be compounds and follow the Compound Stress Rule, whereas blends turn out to form a category of its own. Blends exhibit a right-hand head and insofar they can be compared to compounds. However, their prosodic structure is a copy of the second source word, the word where the final part of the word comes from. The analysis presented here demonstrates that blends consist of one prosodic word, whereas compounds consist of two. This proves that blends are an intermediate category of their own at the intersection of phonology and morphology. The examples discussed mainly come from English. Data from Dutch and German is also presented.
On converse lability and its decline from Vedic to Epic Sanskrit: The verb juṣ- ‘to enjoy’ and ‘to please’
Authors: Pooth Roland A.
Published: September 2022

In the Early Vedic language, we encounter two different systems of active vs. middle voice and valency oppositions. The emergence of many thematic Vedic transitive active forms (e.g. īráya-ti ‘to raise sth. or so.’) is obviously innovative and secondary when compared to labile, and formally more archaic athematic active forms (e.g. íyar-ti ~ iyár-ti ‘to rise, to raise sth. or so.’). On this basis, it has been claimed that the original voice distinction was mainly driven by agency (i.e., volition, control, responsibility and animacy), whereas the secondary voice opposition was driven by transitivity distinctions and direct and indirect reflexive middle semantics (Pooth 2012, 2014). In this article, another verb in question, namely the psych verb juṣ- ‘to enjoy, to please’, will be examined as a parallel case to further discuss the general developments in the Vedic verb system, which are part of the general decline of lability and the increase of verb forms specified for transitive vs. intransitive behavior within Vedic (Kulikov 2014, 2012, 2006). This article will show that the Sanskrit psych verb juṣ- ‘to enjoy’ and ‘to please’ exhibits converse lability in Early Vedic Sanskrit, whereas it does not behave like this in Epic Sanskrit. The syntactic and semantic behavior of forms of juṣ- in both periods of Sanskrit will thus be compared.
Fen Bilimleri Dersi “Kuvvet ve Enerji” Ünitesine Yönelik Başarı Testinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: ERMİŞ Ferhat , KARAMAN İbrahim
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada, fen bilimleri dersi 2018 yılı öğretim programı çerçevesinde 7. sınıf “Kuvvet ve Enerji” ünitesine yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir başarı testinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, öğretim programındaki kuvvet ve enerji ünitesinde yer alan kazanımlardaki bilgilerin çoğunlukla üst düzey bilişsel süreçlerle ölçüleceği 34 çoktan seçmeli madde hazırlanmıştır. Testin uygulama çalışması, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında öğrenim gören 144 öğrenci ile yapılmıştır. Oluşturulan test maddelerinin anlaşılırlığı, zaman yeterliği, maddelerdeki bilgilerin bilimsel doğruluğu için alanında uzman kişilerin görüşleri alınarak gerekli düzeltmeler yapılmıştır. Testin uygulanmasından sonra toplanan cevaplara göre her bir maddeye ilişkin madde ayırt edicilik ve madde güçlük indeksleri hesaplanmıştır. Madde analizinden sonra 12 madde testten çıkartılmış ve 22 sorudan oluşan Kuvvet ve Enerji Başarı Testi elde edilmiştir. Kuvvet ve Enerji Başarı Testinin ortalama madde güçlüğü 0.41, ortalama madde ayırt ediciliği 0.39 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Fen Okuryazarlığını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Tek ve Çok Düzeyli Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile İncelenmesi: PISA 2015 Örneği
Authors: AKDOĞDU YILDIZ Eda , DEMİR Mehmet Can , GELBAL Selahattin
Published: September 2022

Hiyerarşik veriler üzerinde tek düzeyli analizlerin kullanımı ile tek ve çok düzeyli yapısal eşitlik modelinin uygulanmasında karşılaşılan sorunlara ilişkin literatürde ampirik bir kanıt bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de PISA 2015 uygulamasına katılmış bireylerin fen başarısını yordadığı düşünülen fen öğrenmekten zevk alma, fen öğreniminde araçsal güdülenme, fen öz yeterliği, eğitim sürecindeki engeller, öğrenme engeli değişkenlerinin etkisi tek düzeyli ve çok düzeyli yapısal eşitlik ile modellenmiştir. Yordayıcı değişkenlerin etkileri, verilerin toplanması ve ayrıştırılması ile oluşturulan iki tek düzeyli model ile kestirilmiş ve model uyumu ile standartlaştırılmış parametreler açısından iki düzeyli model ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak grup düzeyi göz ardı edilen modelde regresyon katsayılarına ait standart hataların azalmasından, birey düzeyi göz ardı edilen modelde ise grup içi varyans analize dâhil edilmediğinden ve veri kaybı yaşanmasından dolayı yanlı sonuçlar elde edilmiş ve istatiksel testin gücünü azaltmıştır. Bu sonuçların, gelecekte hiyerarşik verilerde yapılacak çalışmalarda kullanılacak analizler için araştırmacılara fikir sunması beklenmektedir.
Bilgi İşlemsel Düşünme Becerisi Üzerine Bir İçerik Analizi
Authors: ARSLAN NAMLI Nihan , AYBEK Birsel
Published: September 2022

Üniversitelerin temel işlevlerinden birisi araştırmalar yaparak yeni teknolojiler üretmektir. Bu bağlamda bu işlevleri gerçekleştirmek için lisansüstü eğitim ve öğretim sürecinde yapılan araştırmalar yol gösterici olmaktadır. Ülkemizde bilgi işlemsel düşünme kavramı ile yürütülen lisansüstü tezlere yönelik bir meta sentez çalışmasının olmadığı belirlendiğinden ve lisansüstü boyutta Türkiye’de, belirlenen ölçütlerde 2018 yılından beri bilgi işlemsel düşünme alanında tezlerin yükselişi gözlemlendiğinden, bu tezlerin detaylı bir biçimde incelenmesinin ve önerilerin sunulmasının eğitim ve bilişim teknolojileri alanına önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, lisansüstü tezlerin incelenmesi, yapılan çalışmaların yapıldığı yıl, üniversite, yöntem, örneklem, veri toplama araçları, analiz teknikleri ve araştırma sonuçlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme yöntemi ele alınarak gercekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan araştırma doğrultusunda Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK) ulusal tez merkezi veri tabanı incelenmiş “Bilgi işlemsel düşünme” tez adı ve özet filtresi ile belirlenmiş 47 tez incelenmiştir. Her bir tez, geliştirilen “Tez Sınıflama Formu” ile tümdengelimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Bu araştırmada yer alan lisansüstü tezlerin sonuçları ve çeşitli boyutlarda etkileri incelenerek sentezlenmiştir.
The Girls Are Alright: Examining Protective Factors of US Black Culture and Its Impact on the Resilience of Black Girls and Women
Authors: Zinobia Bennefield , Taylor Jackson
Published: September 2022

An overarching narrative exists that the self-concept of Black girls is adversely impacted by the negative portrayals of Black Americans in the mainstream media. We assert that this mainstream narrative presents a deficit model account in which Black girls are perpetual victims of white racism. A more complete narrative, one that we offer in this essay, is that while the white patriarchal society has tried, through various means, to undermine the self-esteem of Black Americans, Black girls are healthy, confident, and full of belief in themselves, their beauty, and their power. We argue that much of the power exhibited by Black girls can be attributed to three crucial supports. First, the Black childhood facilitated by the Black family, Black spirituality or “Black girl magic” as it has come to be known in the mainstream, and sisterhood with peers and elders. We offer this counter narrative in order to challenge the predominate account but also to enable critical thought about the resilience Black girls possess, a magic wherein they engage in self-definition and see their worth despite society’s attempts to crush their souls.