bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blue First and Foremost: Female Descriptive Representation, Rape, and the Justice Gap
Authors: Gunderson Anna , Huber Laura
Published: May 2022

The degree to which female political actors influence policy is hotly debated in political science. However, relatively little research considers how women’s representation in the police influences policing outcomes. We argue that increasing women’s representation should be associated with increases in rape report rates but should not be associated with changes in rape arrest rates. We expect public perceptions of female police to affect victims’ willingness to report and cooperate with the police, but the masculine, hierarchical, and complex nature of police investigations of rape will make it difficult for those increases in reporting to translate into increases in arrests for those crimes. We leverage unique police administrative data from 1987 to 2016 and find that although women’s representation is associated with increased rape report rates, there is no relationship with rape arrest rates, highlighting an important justice gap. Our article has implications not only for the study of female representation and representative bureaucracy but also provides insights into how descriptive representation may be limited by institutional culture, norms, practices, and procedures.
Lower prevalence of stump reflux after endovenous laser flush	ablation of the great saphenous vein
Authors: Rits Juris , Maurins Uldis , Rabe Eberhard , Kadiss Arnolds , Prave Sandra , Vigants Rets , Brunenieks Ints , Pannier Felicitas
Published: May 2022

Summary: Background: This single center prospective randomized study was performed to compare the effect of endovenous laser flush ablation (EVLAf) of the great saphenous vein (GSV) close to the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) with a standard ablation (EVLAs) up to two cm distally of the SFJ on reflux in the GSV stump. Patients and methods: Between April 2013 and January 2016, 146 legs in 146 consecutive patients, meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were treated by EVLA. All patients were randomized into 2 groups. In group 1 EVLAf started from the SFJ level, and in group 2 EVLAs started two cm below the SFJ. The primary endpoint was reflux in the GSV stump after 900 days. Secondary endpoints were reflux in the anterior accessory saphenous vein (AASV), proximal clinically recurrent varicose veins related to reflux in the stump and/or the AASV. Results: At day 900, 27 patients were lost to follow-up. Reflux in the stump was detected in 3.6% in group 1 and in 22.2% in group 2 (p<0.05). Reflux in the AASV was present in 7.1% in group 1 and in 17.46% in group 2 (p=0.09). Proximal clinically recurrent varicose veins were observed in 8.9% in group 1 and in 19.1% in group 2 (p=0.12). The greatest diameter of the stump was significantly larger in group 2 (group 1: 0.41 cm, group 2: 0.6 cm, p<0.001). Conclusions: EVLAf is associated with a significantly lower incidence of reflux in the GSV stump, with a trend to a lower incidence of reflux in the AASV and with a lower incidence of proximal recurrent varicose veins after 900 days follow-up compared to EVLAs. EVLAf may improve the clinical recurrence rate after EVLA of the GSV.
A Multilevel Approach for Assessing Needs and Supporting School Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hatzichristou Chryse , Lampropoulou Aikaterini , Georgakakou-Koutsonikou Niki , Yfanti Theodora
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic poses significant challenges to the psychological resilience and well-being of school communities, while a disproportionate impact on vulnerable groups has been recognized. Adopting social justice principles in the implementation of school psychological services is needed to facilitate suitable support for all, in line with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of quality education, reduced inequality, and good health and well-being. In this article, a multilevel approach developed by the Laboratory of School Psychology, Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, to support schools during the pandemic is presented. This approach benefits from a holistic understanding of school community needs, necessary to provide tailored support, in line with SDGs within school communities. This approach could act as a paradigm of how University-based laboratories could support school communities during crises.
Biophysical Controls of Ecosystem‐Scale Methane Fluxes From a Subtropical Estuarine Mangrove: Multiscale, Nonlinearity, Asynchrony and Causality
Authors: Liu Jiangong , Valach Alex , Baldocchi Dennis , Lai Derrick Y. F.
Published: May 2022

Mangroves are complex ecosystems subject to periodic and irregular changes in meteorology, tides, water quality and biological factors. Methane dynamics in mangroves and their dependence on biogeochemical controls across scales are poorly characterized using traditional parametric statistics. We measured the ecosystem‐scale methane flux (FCH4) using an eddy covariance system in a subtropical estuarine mangrove for two years. A combination of nonparametric statistical approaches, including singular spectrum analysis and information theory, was used to isolate multiscale FCH4 variations and explore their variability and dominant controls at different time scales. FCH4 exhibited the largest variability at the diel scale (57%), followed by seasonal (25%) and multiday (18%) scales. Mutual information metrics suggested that variation in FCH4 was dominantly coupled to plant activities through synchronous processes at the diel scale. Moreover, fluctuations in atmospheric turbulence and soil temperature dominated multiday variation in FCH4 through asynchronous processes. Seasonally, soil temperature and water salinity were dominant variables leading to changes in FCH4 with a time lag of 12 and 17 days, respectively. Weak links between FCH4 and tidal heights were found across all the studied time scales. Transfer entropy metrics indicated that a super typhoon event substantially weakened causal links between biophysical variables and FCH4 by causing severe defoliation and disturbing the soil microbial community. The typhoon also temporarily decoupled the causal link between FCH4 and temperature. These findings call for the inclusion of the properties of scale emergence, nonlinearity, asynchrony and causality for comprehensively understanding and accurately predicting the interactions between mangrove FCH4 and its biophysical controls.
Detrital Carbonate Minerals in Earth's Element Cycles
Authors: Müller Gerrit , Börker Janine , Sluijs Appy , Middelburg Jack J.
Published: May 2022

We investigate if the commonly neglected riverine detrital carbonate fluxes might reconciliate several chemical mass balances of the global ocean. Particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) concentrations in riverine suspended sediments, that is, carbon contained by these detrital carbonate minerals, were quantified at the basin and global scale. Our approach is based on globally representative data sets of riverine suspended sediment composition, catchment properties, and a two‐step regression procedure. The present‐day global riverine PIC flux is estimated at 3.1 ± 0.3 Tmol C/y (13% of total inorganic carbon export and 4% of total carbon export) with a flux‐weighted mean concentration of 0.26 ± 0.03 wt%. The flux prior to damming was 4.1 ± 0.5 Tmol C/y. PIC fluxes are concentrated in limestone‐rich, rather dry and mountainous catchments of large rivers near Arabia, South East Asia, and Europe with 2.2 Tmol C/y (67.6%) discharged between 15°N and 45°N. Greenlandic and Antarctic meltwater discharge and ice‐rafting additionally contribute 0.8 ± 0.3 Tmol C/y. This amount of detrital carbonate minerals annually discharged into the ocean implies a significant contribution of calcium (∼4.75 Tmol Ca/y) and alkalinity fluxes (∼10 Tmol (eq)/y) to marine mass balances and moderate inputs of strontium (∼5 Gmol Sr/y) based on undisturbed riverine and cryospheric inputs and a dolomite/calcite ratio of 0.1. Magnesium fluxes (∼0.25 Tmol Mg/y), mostly hosted by less‐soluble dolomite, are rather negligible. These unaccounted fluxes help in elucidating respective marine mass balances and potentially alter conclusions based on these budgets.
Differences in Ozone and Particulate Matter Between Ground Level and 20 m Aloft are Frequent During Wintertime Surface‐Based Temperature Inversions in Fairbanks, Alaska
Authors: Cesler‐Maloney Meeta , Simpson William R. , Miles Tate , Mao Jingqiu , Law Kathy S. , Roberts Tjarda J.
Published: May 2022

During winter in Fairbanks, Alaska, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) accumulates to large concentrations at breathing level; yet little is known about atmospheric composition aloft. To investigate vertical differences of pollutants, we measured PM2.5 and ozone (O3) at 3 and 20 m above ground level (AGL) in Fairbanks during winter (November 2019–March 2020). We measured temperature and PM2.5 at 3, 6, 9, and 11 m AGL on a tower to quantify surface‐based temperature inversions (SBIs) and near‐surface PM2.5 gradients. We defined SBIs as data with an 11 m minus 3 m temperature difference greater than 0.5°C. We observed the largest differences in PM2.5 and O3 when SBIs were present. During SBIs, PM2.5 accumulated to large concentrations at 3 m but to a lesser extent at 20 m, demonstrating reduced vertical mixing. During SBIs, the median PM2.5 concentration was 4.8 μg m−3 lower at 20 m than at 3 m. When PM2.5 concentrations were large at 3 m, O3 was often completely chemically removed (titrated) but was still present at 20 m. During SBIs, the O3 mixing ratio was more than 2 nmol mol−1 larger at 20 m than at 3 m in 48% of the data. Results show that during SBIs, pollution in Fairbanks is mixed to altitudes below 20 m AGL and that the oxidation regime of the atmosphere changes from 3 to 20 m AGL as large differences in O3 mixing ratios were measured during SBIs.
Stratosphere‐Troposphere Exchanges of Air Mass and Ozone Concentration in the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Wang Mingcheng , Fu Qiang , Solomon Susan , Alexander Becky , White Rachel H.
Published: May 2022

Stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone represents a significant source term in the tropospheric ozone budget and can impact surface ozone concentrations, tropospheric oxidation capacity, and methane lifetime. Using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model 6, changes in the air mass and ozone STEs in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) as compared with preindustrial (PI) climate are investigated. We use dynamic isentropic surfaces that are determined by fitting to the tropical tropopauses as the upper boundary of the lowermost stratosphere in a mass budget approach, a method particularly suitable for estimating air mass and ozone STEs across different climates. Relative to the PI, the magnitude of ozone STE in the LGM is decreased by 14%–19%, 18%–24%, 18%–23%, 16%–21%, and 15%–21% over the Northern hemisphere extratropics, Southern hemisphere extratropics, the tropics, the extratropics, and the globe, respectively. The extratropical and global decreases are mainly caused by decreased ozone in the extratropical lower stratosphere associated with a weakening of Brewer‐Dobson circulation, while changes in air mass fluxes play a minor role because the effects of weakening Brewer‐Dobson circulation and increased isentropic density partly cancel each other. Analysis of the modeled tropospheric ozone budget indicates that the ozone STE in the LGM is 28% of the tropospheric ozone production rate, as compared to about 9% in the modern climate (year 2000) and 19% in the PI.
Challenges in Scaling Up Greenhouse Gas Fluxes: Experience From the UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Feedbacks Program
Authors: Levy Peter , Clement Robert , Cowan Nick , Keane Ben , Myrgiotis Vasilis , van Oijen Marcel , Smallman T. Luke , Toet Sylvia , Williams Mathew
Published: May 2022

The role of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in global climate change is now well recognized and there is a clear need to measure emissions and verify the efficacy of mitigation measures. To this end, reliable estimates are needed of the GHG balance at the national scale and over long time periods, but these estimates are difficult to make accurately. Because measurement techniques are generally restricted to relatively small spatial and temporal scales, there is a fundamental problem in translating these into long‐term estimates on a regional scale. The key challenge lies in spatial and temporal upscaling of short‐term, point observations to estimate large‐scale annual totals, and quantify the uncertainty associated with this upscaling. Here, we review some approaches to this problem and synthesize the work in the recent UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Feedbacks Program, which was designed to identify and address these challenges. Approaches to the scaling problem included: instrumentation developments which mean that near‐continuous data sets can be produced with larger spatial coverage; geostatistical methods which address the problem of extrapolating to larger domains, using spatial information in the data; more rigorous statistical methods which characterize the uncertainty in extrapolating to longer time scales; analytical approaches to estimating model aggregation error; enhanced estimates of C flux measurement error; and novel uses of remote sensing data to calibrate process models for generating probabilistic regional C flux estimates.
Reconstructing Daily Discharge in a Megadelta Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Thanh Hung Vo , Binh Doan Van , Kantoush Sameh A. , Nourani Vahid , Saber Mohamed , Lee Kang‐Kun , Sumi Tetsuya
Published: May 2022

In this study, six machine learning (ML) models, namely, random forest (RF), Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector regression (SVR), decision tree (DT), least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), and multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) models, were employed to reconstruct the missing daily‐averaged discharge in a mega‐delta from 1980 to 2015 using upstream‐downstream multi‐station data. The performance and accuracy of each ML model were assessed and compared with the stage‐discharge rating curves (RCs) using four statistical indicators, Taylor diagrams, violin plots, scatter plots, time‐series plots, and heatmaps. Model input selection was performed using mutual information and correlation coefficient methods after three data pre‐processing steps: normalization, Fourier series fitting, and first‐order differencing. The results showed that the ML models are superior to their RC counterparts, and MARS and RF are the most reliable algorithms, although MARS achieves marginally better performance than RF. Compared to RC, MARS and RF reduced the root mean square error (RMSE) by 135% and 141% and the mean absolute error by 194% and 179%, respectively, using year‐round data. However, the performance of MARS and RF developed for the climbing (wet season) and recession (dry season) limbs separately worsened slightly compared to that developed using the year‐round data. Specifically, the RMSE of MARS and RF in the falling limb was 856 and 1,040 m3/s, respectively, while that obtained using the year‐round data was 768 and 789 m3/s, respectively. In this study, the DT model is not recommended, while the GPR and SVR models provide acceptable results.
Identification of Unstable Glacier Flow in the Western Tibetan Plateau and Karakoram Using Machine Learning
Authors: Zhu Q. H. , Ke C. Q. , Li H. L. , Yu X. N.
Published: May 2022

A novel method was developed for rapidly and accurately identifying unstable glacier flows, including pulse and surge events. The identification method was based on machine learning and high‐frequency glacier velocities derived from short time interval Sentinel‐1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The method was built and tested using 32 glaciers in the eastern Pamir Plateau and applied it to 13 glaciers in western Karakoram. The test results showed that the success rate of identifying speedup events was more than 90% compared to manual interpretation results derived using velocity change maps and DEM differencing. The application results showed that there were some neglected pulse events, including two pulses on the Kukuar Glacier in 2017 and 2019, one pulse on the Karambar Glacier in 2017, and one pulse on the Ghulkin Glacier in 2016. Moreover, a complete surge event with multiple scattered pulses on the Shispare Glacier in 2018–2019 was also detected. The speedup events of the Shispare Glacier indicated the possibility of mutual transformation between pulse and surge events due to the influence of glacier basal roughness. In all unstable flows occurring within the test and application areas, pulse events could be observed on the nonsurging glaciers during the active phase and quiescent phase of the surge‐type glaciers, which might suggest the randomness of pulse events. Machine learning method made it possible to identify glacier speedup events in large areas with high efficiency and low manpower.
RUNX2 recruits the NuRD(MTA1)/CRL4B complex to promote breast cancer progression and bone metastasis
Authors: Yin Xin , Teng Xu , Ma Tianyu , Yang Tianshu , Zhang Jingyao , Huo Miaomiao , Liu Wei , Yang Yunkai , Yuan Baowen , Yu Hefen , Huang Wei , Wang Yan
Published: May 2022

Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is an osteogenesis-related transcription factor that has emerged as a prominent transcription repressing factor in carcinogenesis. However, the role of RUNX2 in breast cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that RUNX2 recruits the metastasis-associated 1 (MTA1)/NuRD and the Cullin 4B (CUL4B)-Ring E3 ligase (CRL4B) complex to form a transcriptional-repressive complex, which catalyzes the histone deacetylation and ubiquitylation. Genome-wide analysis of the RUNX2/NuRD(MTA1)/CRL4B complex targets identified a cohort of genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), which are critically involved in cell growth, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. We demonstrate that the RUNX2/NuRD(MTA1)/CRL4B complex promotes the proliferation, invasion, tumorigenesis, bone metastasis, cancer stemness of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, RUNX2 expression is upregulated in multiple human carcinomas, including breast cancer. Our study suggests that RUNX2 is a promising potential target for the future treatment strategies of breast cancer.
Spatiotemporal bio-shielding of bacteria through consolidated geometrical structuring
Authors: Rajasekharan Satish Kumar , Shemesh Moshe
Published: May 2022

The probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum is often reckoned as a ‘generalist’ for its ability to adapt and survive in diverse ecological niches. The genomic signatures of L. plantarum have shown its intricate evolutionary ancestry and dynamic lifestyles. Here, we report on a unique geometrical arrangement of the multicellular population of L. plantarum cells. Prominently, a phenomenon of the cone-shaped colony formation and V-shaped cell chaining are discovered in response to the acidic-pH environment. Moreover, subsequent cold stress response triggers an unusual cellular arrangement of consolidated bundles, which appeared to be independently governed by a small heat shock protein (HSP 1). We further report that the V-shaped L. plantarum chaining demonstrates potent antagonistic activity against Candida albicans, a pathogenic yeast, both in vitro and in a Caenorhabditis elegans co-infection model. Finally, we deduce that the multifaceted traits manifested by this probiotic bacterium is an outcome of its dynamic flexibility and cellular heterogeneity.
PAM50 subtyping and ROR score add long-term prognostic information in premenopausal breast cancer patients
Authors: Lundgren Christine , Bendahl Pär-Ola , Church Sarah E. , Ekholm Maria , Fernö Mårten , Forsare Carina , Krüger Ute , Nordenskjöld Bo , Stål Olle , Rydén Lisa
Published: May 2022

PAM50 intrinsic subtyping and risk of recurrence (ROR) score are approved for risk profiling in postmenopausal women. We aimed to examine their long-term prognostic value in terms of breast cancer-free interval (BCFi) and overall survival (OS) (n = 437) in premenopausal women randomised to 2 years of tamoxifen versus no systemic treatment irrespective of hormone-receptor status. Intrinsic subtyping added independent prognostic information in patients with oestrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor 2-negative tumours for BCFi and OS after maximum follow-up (overall P-value 0.02 and 0.006, respectively) and those with high versus low ROR had worse prognosis (maximum follow-up: hazard ratio (HR)BCFi: 1.70, P = 0.04). The prognostic information by ROR was similar regarding OS and in multivariable analysis. These results support that PAM50 subtyping and ROR score provide long-term prognostic information in premenopausal women. Moreover, tamoxifen reduced the incidence of breast cancer events only in patients with Luminal APAM50 tumours (0–10 years: HRBCFi(Luminal A): 0.41, HRBCFi(Luminal B): 1.19, Pinteraction = 0.02).

Trial registration: This trial is registered in the ISRCTN database, trial ID: ISRCTN12474687.
Claudin18.2-specific CAR T cells in gastrointestinal cancers: phase 1 trial interim results
Authors: Qi Changsong , Gong Jifang , Li Jian , Liu Dan , Qin Yanru , Ge Sai , Zhang Miao , Peng Zhi , Zhou Jun , Cao Yanshuo , Zhang Xiaotian , Lu Zhihao , Lu Ming , Yuan Jiajia , Wang Zhenghang , Wang Yakun , Peng Xiaohui , Gao Huiping , Liu Zhen , Wang Huamao , Yuan Daijing , Xiao Jun , Ma Hong , Wang Wei , Li Zonghai , Shen Lin
Published: May 2022

Despite success in hematologic malignancies, the treatment landscape of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for solid tumors remains limited. Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2)-redirected CAR T cells showed promising efficacy against gastric cancer (GC) in a preclinical study. Here we report the interim analysis results of an ongoing, open-label, single-arm, phase 1 clinical trial of CLDN18.2-targeted CAR T cells (CT041) in patients with previously treated, CLDN18.2-positive digestive system cancers (NCT03874897). The primary objective was safety after CT041 infusion; secondary objectives included CT041 efficacy, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity. We treated 37 patients with one of three CT041 doses: 2.5 × 108, 3.75 × 108 or 5.0 × 108 cells. All patients experienced a grade 3 or higher hematologic toxicity. Grade 1 or 2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred in 94.6% of patients. No grade 3 or higher CRS or neurotoxicities, treatment-related deaths or dose-limiting toxicities were reported. The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) reached 48.6% and 73.0%, respectively. The 6-month duration of response rate was 44.8%. In patients with GC, the ORR and DCR reached 57.1% and 75.0%, respectively, and the 6-month overall survival rate was 81.2%. These initial results suggest that CT041 has promising efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in patients with heavily pretreated, CLDN18.2-positive digestive system cancers, particularly in those with GC.
Precision size and refractive index analysis of weakly scattering nanoparticles in polydispersions
Authors: Kashkanova Anna D. , Blessing Martin , Gemeinhardt André , Soulat Didier , Sandoghdar Vahid
Published: May 2022

Characterization of the size and material properties of particles in liquid suspensions is in very high demand, for example, in the analysis of colloidal samples or of bodily fluids such as urine or blood plasma. However, existing methods are limited in their ability to decipher the constituents of realistic samples. Here we introduce iNTA as a new method that combines interferometric detection of scattering with nanoparticle tracking analysis to reach unprecedented sensitivity and precision in determining the size and refractive index distributions of nanoparticles in suspensions. After benchmarking iNTA with samples of colloidal gold, we present its remarkable ability to resolve the constituents of various multicomponent and polydisperse samples of known origin. Furthermore, we showcase the method by elucidating the refractive index and size distributions of extracellular vesicles from Leishmania parasites and human urine. The current performance of iNTA already enables advances in several important applications, but we also discuss possible improvements.
Comparative proteome analysis of the tegument of male and female adult Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Winkelmann Franziska , Gesell Salazar Manuela , Hentschker Christian , Michalik Stephan , Macháček Tomáš , Scharf Christian , Reisinger Emil C. , Völker Uwe , Sombetzki Martina
Published: May 2022

The tegument, as the surface layer of adult male and female Schistosoma spp. represents the protective barrier of the worms to the hostile environment of the host bloodstream. Here we present the first comparative analysis of sex-specific tegument proteins of paired or virgin Schistosoma mansoni. We applied a new and highly sensitive workflow, allowing detection of even low abundance proteins. Therefore, a streptavidin–biotin affinity purification technique in combination with single pot solid-phase enhanced sample preparation was established for subsequent LC–MS/MS analysis. We were able to identify 1519 tegument proteins for male and female virgin and paired worms and categorized them by sex. Bioinformatic analysis revealed an involvement of female-specific tegument proteins in signaling pathways of cellular processes and antioxidant mechanisms. Male-specific proteins were found to be enriched in processes linked to phosphorylation and signal transduction. This suggests a task sharing between the sexes that might be necessary for survival in the host. Our datasets provide a basis for further studies to understand and ultimately decipher the strategies of the two worm sexes to evade the immune system.
Experimental validation of a voxel-based finite element model simulating femoroplasty of lytic lesions in the proximal femur
Authors: Sas Amelie , Sermon An , van Lenthe G. Harry
Published: May 2022

Femoroplasty is a procedure where bone cement is injected percutaneously into a weakened proximal femur. Uncertainty exists whether femoroplasty provides sufficient mechanical strengthening to prevent fractures in patients with femoral bone metastases. Finite element models are promising tools to evaluate the mechanical effectiveness of femoroplasty, but a thorough validation is required. This study validated a voxel-based finite element model against experimental data from eight pairs of human cadaver femurs with artificial metastatic lesions. One femur from each pair was left untreated, while the contralateral femur was augmented with bone cement. Finite element models accurately predicted the femoral strength in the defect (R2 = 0.96) and augmented (R2 = 0.93) femurs. The modelled surface strain distributions showed a good qualitative match with results from digital image correlation; yet, quantitatively, only moderate correlation coefficients were found for the defect (mean R2 = 0.78) and augmented (mean R2 = 0.76) femurs. This was attributed to the presence of vessel holes in the femurs and the jagged surface representation of our voxel-based models. Despite some inaccuracies in the surface measurements, the FE models accurately predicted the global bone strength and qualitative deformation behavior, both before and after femoroplasty. Hence, they can offer a useful biomechanical tool to assist clinicians in assessing the need for prophylactic augmentation in patients with metastatic bone disease, as well as in identifying suitable patients for femoroplasty.
Cognitive impairment and associated factors among mature and older adults living in the community of Gondar town, Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Gela Yibeltal Yismaw , Fekadu Sofonias Addis , Belsti Yitayeh , Akalu Yonas , Dagnew Baye , Getnet Mihret , Seid Mohammed Abdu , Diress Mengistie
Published: May 2022

Cognitive impairment and dementia are age-related major public health concerns in the elderly population. It is a major cause of disability, dependency, and poor quality of life. However, in Ethiopia, the magnitude of this cognitive impairment among the elderly community was not investigated. Hence, this study sought to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated factors among mature and older adults living in the community of Gondar town, Ethiopia, in 2020. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Gondar town, from February 20 to April 30, 2020. Using a single-stage cluster sampling technique, 403 study participants were recruited. Data was collected by a pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire which consisting of sociodemographic variables, the Oslo Social Support Scale, and a Standardized Mini-mental State Examination (SMMSE) tool. Epi data version 3.0 was used to enter coded data and then exported into STATA 14 for analysis. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in the bi-variable logistic regression were included in the multivariable regression. From multivariable logistic regression, variables having a p-value ≤ 0.05 were declared as statistically significant variables. In this study, a total of 403 study participants were involved, and 393 (97.5%) of them completed the survey. Among older participants screened for cognitive impairment, 43.8% was positive for cognitive impairment with a 95% CI (38.8–48.7%). The majority of the participants were (57.5%) male and (44.8%) aged over 60 years. After adjustment, the variables associated with cognitive impairment were age ≥ 75 years [odds ratio (OR) = 7.03, 95% CI 2.78–17.77] and between 61 and 74 years [OR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.81–5.59], and unable to read and write [OR = 5.05, 95% CI 2.04–12.50], low income level [OR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.26–5.20], being female [OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.50–4.26], poor social support [OR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.30–4.81], and rural residence [OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.26–4.51]. The prevalence of older participants who screened positively for cognitive impairment was high at Gondar town. The independent predictors of cognitive impairment among older individuals were older age, being unable to read and write, being female, low income, poor social support, and rural dwelling. Therefore, routine screening and social support, as well as free healthcare services for the mature and older community, are needed. Moreover, we strongly recommend the next researcher to use a diagnosis tool to estimate the actual prevalence of the problems among older people.
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) as Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Goyal Madhusudan , Sanyukta  , Kumar Sudershan
Published: May 2022

Corrosion, being a spontaneous process, is a substantial protagonist in the degradation of metal and industrial parts, and consequently affects the global economy. Studies that incorporate the techniques of corrosion and economical cost have attracted the attention of researchers and these areas are being greatly investigated. New methods and materials are being developed which are capable of enhancing corrosion inhibition efficiency tremendously. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) signify an immensely fascinating solution for anticorrosive effects owing to their remarkable mechanical, thermal, electrical, and morphological features. CNTs have been touted as having the potential to kick-start a technological revolution in corrosion mitigation in a short period of time. The wide-ranging utilization of CNTs and their derivatives is due to high surface-to-volume relation and dispersibility, as well as their exceptional ability to engage with metallic surfaces. CNTs and their compounds have proven to be effective catalysts for chemical reactions, on surfaces for removing various hazardous metal ions, for metal-based and polymer-based composites, and anticorrosive applications. To pave the way for future developments in such novel coatings, this chapter reviews groundbreaking scientific studies on the exploitation of carbon nanotubes as a solution to enrich the performance of anticorrosion coatings, with a focus on conducting polymer–CNT composite coatings and development of metal–CNTs.
Accurate band gaps from exchange potentials designed from a cuspless hydrogen density-based exchange hole model
Authors: Patra Abhilash , Patra Bikash , Samal Prasanjit
Published: May 2022

It shows the construction of exchange-only potentials using the cuspless hydrogen density model and their behavior in the Ne atom. The mean absolute error in predicting the band gaps of the SBG31 data set.
Research progress on the role of common metal catalysts in biomass pyrolysis: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Tian Xiaojie , Wang Yunpu , Zeng Zihong , Dai Leilei , Xu Jiamin , Cobb Kirk , Ke Linyao , Zou Rongge , Liu Yuhuan , Ruan Roger
Published: May 2022

This review is dedicated to investigating the catalytic properties and mechanism of single and multi-metals in biomass pyrolysis.
A universal biocompatible coating for enhanced lubrication and bacterial inhibition
Authors: Suo Di , Rao Jingdong , Wang Haimang , Zhang Ziheng , Leung Polly Hang-Mei , Zhang Hongyu , Tao Xiaoming , Zhao Xin
Published: May 2022

In this study, we fabricate an enhanced lubrication and anti-bacterial coating for bacterial inhibition, and platelet/cell repelling.
A responsive fluorescent probe for detecting and imaging pyruvate kinase M2 in live cells
Authors: Zhang Ya , Li Huishan , Mai Hailing , Luo Dong , Ji Xinpei , Liu Zhengting , Peng Shiyong , Xu Xuetao , Zhang Yinghui , Lan Rongfeng , Li Hongguang
Published: May 2022

A responsive fluorescent probe zy-2 was designed and synthesized for the detection and imaging of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in live cells.
Atom- and step-economic 1,3-thiosulfonylation of activated allenes with thiosulfonates to access vinyl sulfones/sulfides
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Tian Hong-Yu , Huang Yin-Qiu , Lu Yin-Jie , Fang Jing-Jie , Zhou Gao-Jie , Chen Fen-Er
Published: May 2022

A new type of organocatalyzed 1,3-difunctionalized thiosulfonylation has been developed to straightforwardly access highly functionalized vinyl sulfones. These products can also be transformed to vinyl sulfides via a base-promoted isomerization.
Nucleation kinetics of lithium phosphate precipitation
Authors: Emmanuel Michael , Papp Paszkál , Schuszter Gábor , Deák Ágota , Janovák László , Tóth Ágota , Horváth Dezső
Published: May 2022

Fourth-order kinetics arises from the consecutive complexation leading to precipitation.
Manipulating upconversion luminescence intensity in a single crystal particle with a waveguide structure
Authors: Han Qingyan , Zhao Bochao , Gao Wei , Li Yunxiang , Sun Zeyu , Wang Chen , Chen Ye , Wang Yongkai , Yan Xuewen , Dong Jun
Published: May 2022

A high UCL efficiency of a single β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ MT was obtained by modulating the angle between the wedge-shaped end plane of the MT and the microscope slide.
Improved electrochemical properties of polypyrrole with cucurbit[6]uril via supramolecular interactions
Authors: Jin Xian-Yi , Dai Xin , Zhao Jie , Ge Qingmei , Liu Mao , Tao Zhu , Cong Hang
Published: May 2022

A supramolecular polymer was developed through the encapsulation of polypyrrole by cucurbit[6]uril (PPy@Q[6]), which was employed as the electrode material to improve the capacitor ability of conductive polypyrrole.
Spectroscopic signatures of nonpolarons: the case of diamond
Authors: de Abreu Joao C. , Nery Jean Paul , Giantomassi Matteo , Gonze Xavier , Verstraete Matthieu J.
Published: May 2022

First-principles calculations of spectroscopy images showing polaronic signatures in intrinsic diamond produced by many-body electron–phonon interactions.
Full-dimensional quantum studies of vibrational energy transfer dynamics between H2O and Ar: theory assessing experiment
Authors: Yang Dongzheng , Liu Lu , Xie Daiqian , Guo Hua
Published: May 2022

We report the first full-dimensional quantum mechanical calculations of the ro-vibrational inelastic scattering dynamics between water molecules and argon atoms on an accurate potential energy surface, using a recently developed time-independent quantum method based on the close-coupling approach.
Characterization of buried interfaces using Ga Kα hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES)
Authors: Spencer B. F. , Church S. A. , Thompson P. , Cant D. J. H. , Maniyarasu S. , Theodosiou A. , Jones A. N. , Kappers M. J. , Binks D. J. , Oliver R. A. , Higgins J. , Thomas A. G. , Thomson T. , Shard A. G. , Flavell W. R.
Published: May 2022

HAXPES enables the detection of buried interfaces with an increased photo electron sampling depth.
Cobalt-catalysed CH-alkylation of indoles with alcohols by borrowing hydrogen methodology
Authors: Zhou Bei , Ma Zhuang , Alenad Asma M. , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Bartling Stephan , Beller Matthias , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V.
Published: May 2022

A general heterogeneous cobalt-catalysed CH-alkylation of indoles with alcohols is reported.
If sustainability is the goal, green chemistry will show the way! – happy birthday to Paul Anastas
Authors: Leitner Walter
Published: May 2022

In celebration of the 60th birthday of Professor Paul Anastas.
Preparation of mesoporous nitrogen-doped titania comprising large crystallites with low thermal conductivity
Authors: Shimasaki Yuta , Matsuno Takamichi , Guo Quansheng , Shimojima Atsushi , Wada Hiroaki , Mori Takao , Kuroda Kazuyuki
Published: May 2022

Highly ordered mesoporous N-doped TiO2 with large crystallites was prepared by hard-templating method, followed by calcination with urea. The thermal conductivity was lowered by the nanosized pore walls and the ordered pore wall surfaces.
MnMoO4-S nanosheets with rich oxygen vacancies for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Fu Hao , Wang Meixin , Ma Qing , Wang Mingwen , Ma Xiping , Ye Yaping
Published: May 2022

The specific capacitance of MnMoO4 electrode material grown on nickel foam method was greatly improved after secondary hydrothermal treatment in thiourea solution. While the structure of MnMoO4 didn't change obviously so the stable was kept.
Design and construction of polyaromatic group containing Cd(ii)-based coordination polymers for solvent-free Strecker-type cyanation of acetals
Authors: Karmakar Anirban , Paul Anup , Santos Pedro M. R. , Santos Inês R. M. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: May 2022

Solvent-free Strecker-type cyanation reactions of different acetals, with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN), are achieved under heterogeneous conditions by using Cd(ii) coordination polymers as catalysts.
A promising discovery of an anti-aging chemical conjugate derived from lipoic acid and sesamol established inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Jayaraj Premkumar , Sarkar Priyanka , Routh Sreyoshi , Sarathe Chaitanya , Desikan Rajagopal , Thirumurugan Kavitha
Published: May 2022

Phytonutrients, lipoic acid and sesamol, were chemically combined to yield the medically important lipoic acid–sesamol conjugate (LSC). The results from these investigations offer a perspective on the utilization of LSC as anti-aging agents.
Design, synthesis andin vitroevaluation of the hybrids of oxindolylidene and imidazothiazolotriazine as efficient antiproliferative agents
Authors: Izmest’ev Alexei N. , Anikina Lada V. , Zanin Igor E. , Kolotyrkina Natalya G. , Izmalkova Ekaterina S. , Kravchenko Angelina N. , Gazieva Galina A.
Published: May 2022

The new seventeen oxindolylideneimidazothiazolotriazines synthesized by aldol condensation of imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazine-2,7-diones with isatins followed by skeletal rearrangement exhibited high antiproliferative activity.
Viscous coalescence of unequally sized spherical and cylindrical doublets
Authors: Polychronopoulos Nickolas D. , Benos Lefteris Th. , Stergiou Constantinos I. , Sarris Ioannis E. , Vlachopoulos John
Published: May 2022

Balance of surface tension and viscous forces results in a simple model which predicts neck growth of unequal size coalescing particles, including a particle with a semi-infinite wall of the same material.
Correction: The nanocaterpillar's random walk: diffusion with ligand–receptor contacts
Authors: Marbach Sophie , Zheng Jeana Aojie , Holmes-Cerfon Miranda
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘The nanocaterpillar's random walk: diffusion with ligand–receptor contacts’ by Sophie Marbach et al., Soft Matter, 2022, 18, 3130–3146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SM01544C.
Towards higher electrochemical stability of electrolytes: lithium salt design through in silico screening
Authors: Osborne Dale A. , Breedon Michael , Rüther Thomas , Spencer Michelle J. S.
Published: May 2022

Systematic structural changes to the functional groups of sulfonimide anions can be used to improve the calculated oxidation potential, reductive stability, lithium binding energy and lithium-anion coordination for application in lithium-metal batteries.
A single-atom vanadium-doped 2D semiconductor platform for attomolar-level molecular sensing
Authors: Seo Jihyung , Kim Yongchul , Lee Junghyun , Son Eunbin , Jung Min-Hyoung , Kim Young-Min , Jeong Hu Young , Lee Geunsik , Park Hyesung
Published: May 2022

Single-atom vanadium doping into 1T′ ReSe2boosted diverse features of a 2D semiconductor-based SERS substrate developed as a practical LSPR-free SERS platform.
Heterostructuring cobalt sulfide with highly oxophilic 1T-tungsten sulfide for durable and efficient oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Yang Shengxiong , Li Bin , Lan Minqiu , Liu Liangsheng , Sun Yimin , Xiao Fei , Xiao Junwu
Published: May 2022

A CoS/1T-WS2heterostructure enhances the affinity of oxygen molecules through modulating the electronic structure and effectively retards the phase transformation during catalysis, thereby delivering an impressive electrocatalytic performance.
Construction of high-temperature electronic conduction paths for the scale-up of solid oxide fuel cell technology
Authors: Park Mi Young , Park Sun-Young , Seo Haewon , Jung Jin-Mook , Hwang Hyo Ki , Hong Jongsup , Park Jun-Young , Lee Insung , Yoon Kyung Joong
Published: May 2022

Cu–Mn foam provides reliable high-temperature electronic conduction paths via in situ phase transformation for large-scale solid oxide fuel cell stacks.
Rational design of porous CexNb1−x oxide hollow nanospheres as a novel NH3-SCR catalyst
Authors: Zhu Hongjian , Wang Rui
Published: May 2022

Porous CexNb1−x oxide hollow nanospheres with a double-shell structure were designed by a modified seed-mediated growth approach and exhibited high NOx conversion with a renewable resistance to H2O and SO2.
Cryopreservation of human erythrocytes through high intracellular trehalose with membrane stabilization of maltotriose-grafted ε-poly(l-lysine)
Authors: Gao Shuhui , Niu Qingjing , Liu Xingwen , Zhu Chenhui , Chong Jinghui , Ren Lixia , Zhu Kongying , Yuan Xiaoyan
Published: May 2022

The combination of enhanced intracellular trehalose at 4 °C and membrane stabilization by the functional glycopeptide provides a novel alternative way for cryopreservation of human erythrocytes in biocompatible conditions.
Improved emission cross-section of erbium and demonstration of energy transfer in As2Se3 thin films
Authors: Colmenares Y. N. , Bell Maria José , Messaddeq Sandra Helena , Messaddeq Younès
Published: May 2022

Er-doped chalcogenide thin films are produced by co-evaporation without using co-dopants or structural mediators. The glassy films presented the highest emission cross-sections reported to date and an extended energy transfer from the host.
Extraction of Refined Crop Type Over Agriculture Region of Heilongjiang
Authors: Shuai Yanmin , Wu Hao , Shao Congying , Ning Kexin
Published: May 2022

The spatial distribution of fine crop types at regional scale is required by numerous research communities. The traditional approach with limited time-phases is hard to capture the signatures presented within different growth period of various crop types. With the improvement of understanding on the phenology feature of major crops and the accumulation of satellite-based observations, there is a chance to distinguish detailed crop clusters with elevated accuracy. In this work, we investigated the phenological feature of four dominant crops (soybean, wheat, maize, and paddy) in multi-spectrum space through ~800 representative crop samples within typical agriculture regions of Heilongjiang using MODIS daily surface reflectance product covering related growth period of 2005-2018. Features with the high degree of separation among land cover clusters are screened out to construct the model in identifying typical crop types in terms of weighted temporal features and classification scheme, which is applied to extract the crop map of Heilongjiang province in 2019. The results show higher accuracy achieved over main agriculture region of soybean, wheat, maize, and paddy, and reduced accuracy over field of wheat or other mixed crops at MODIS pixel scale. Our validation shows the overall accuracy of 0.9816 and kappa coefficient of 0.9702 through the comparison with ~3000 random selected ground sites. The preliminary application of the presented approach performs well via the capture on valid phenology features of major crops within dominant agriculture region of Heilongjiang, with the potential to serve the extraction of fine crop types over wide agriculture regions.
Study on Bibliometric Visualization of Sustainable City Based on VOSviewer (2008-2021)
Authors: Feng Yang , Gu Xinyuan , Ye Jianqing , Jia Xiaolin , Zhang Hongchen , Wang Sirong , Yang Jianfeng
Published: May 2022

In order to clarify the co-research, research hotspots and knowledge evolution in the field of sustainable city, a visualization analysis of 1816 articles about sustainable city in the Web of Science was conducted by using bibliometrics method based on VOSviewer. The conclusions are listed as follows. (1) The citable documents of sustainable city have shown a rapid upward trend, with increasing attention and rising research hot spot, year by year, since 2015. (2) Scholars should strengthen the construction of global academic community, and China should be more extensive and in-depth cooperation with and scientific research institutions in European and American countries or regions. (3) The research dimension of sustainable city has been greatly expanding under the continuous development of complex algorithm, data science and artificial intelligence, Hence, the interdisciplinary characteristics of this research field, such as intersections, comprehensiveness and systematicness, are becoming increasingly prominent.
Near Real-time Fine-resolution Land Surface Phenological Prediction Using Convolutional Neural Network and Data Fusion
Authors: Xiao Kun , Wang Yidan , Wu Wei , Xin Qinchuan
Published: May 2022

Near real-time fine-resolution land surface phenology (LSP) prediction is essential for understanding surface attributes and ecosystem functions, and solving important ecological processes related to phenology at the landscape scale. In this paper, we applied the Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (ESTARFM) to fuse image pairs of Landsat 8 and Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) as train data, and then applied the first derivative method to retrieve phenophase transition dates from fused time series of satellite data as label data. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model was trained using fusion images as inputs and the label data as targets. The trained model was further used to predict LSP dates from individual Landsat images. As evaluated using the reference data, the predict land surface phenological dates and could match the reference well with the coefficient of determination of 0.77 and root mean squared errors of 3.535, and our study provides an alternative method to predict land surface phenological dates using individual Landsat images.