bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RENi9In2 (RE = Rare‐Earth Metal): Crystal Chemistry, Hydrogen Absorption, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Bigun Inna , Dzevenko Mariya , Havela Ladislav , Kalychak Yaroslav
Published: May 2014

A series of RENi9In2 compounds (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er) and their hydrides, RENi9In2Hx (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Eu), have been synthesized and characterized using X‐ray powder diffraction and magnetization measurements. All studied compounds adopt the YNi9In2 structure type [space group (SG) P4/mbm]. The lattice parameters decrease from La to Er in accordance with the lanthanide contraction. Their structure can be visualized as a packing of rare‐earth 20‐vertices polyhedra and Ni‐centred icosahedra in an AuCu‐like arrangement. The hydrogenation results in the formation of RENi9In2Hx with slightly expanded unit cells within the YNi9In2 structure type. Possible hydrogen positions in EuNi9In2H3.4 are proposed. Most of the compounds and their hydrides (with Pr and Nd) exhibit Curie–Weiss behaviour. No magnetic ordering could be detected down to T = 2 K. EuNi9In2 reveals ferromagnetism below approximately 40 K, which might be due to a secondary phase. Its hydride is Pauli paramagnetic, thus indicating the Eu3+ state. YNi9In2 and LaNi9In2 are Pauli paramagnets. The studied phases are typical metallic conductors.
[(1,3‐Bis{2,6‐bis(diphenylmethyl)‐4‐methylphenyl}imidazole‐2‐ylidene)PdCl2(NEt3)]: “Throwing Away” a Different Ancillary Ligand to Enhance the Catalytic Activity at Room Temperature
Authors: Guest Daniel , Chen Ming‐Tsz , Tizzard Graham J. , Coles Simon J. , Turner Michael Lewis , Navarro Oscar
Published: May 2014

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Oscar Navarro at the University of Sussex, UK. The cover image shows the stage in catalyst design when the choice of ancillary ligands to accompany the main “working” ligand is made. The use of triethylamine (TEA) as “throw‐away” ligand, unveiling the catalytically active LnPd(0) species, leads to decreased catalyst loadings, and no inert atmosphere is required in Buchwald–Hartwig amination reactions.
The Size‐Dependent Phase Transition of LiFePO4 Particles during Charging and Discharging in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li De , Liu Xizheng , Zhou Haoshen
Published: May 2014

In this work, LiFePO4 nanoparticles are investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the tilt angle in the linear Warburg region is analyzed to give a particle‐by‐particle phase‐transition model. In this model, the nanoparticles are converted between the two phases quickly, leading to only two kinds of single‐phase nanoparticles. This model is quite different from the hybrid model for microparticles in our previous work, which could be interpreted within the size‐dependent solubility limit that was determined by using in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD). For LiFePO4 nanoparticles, the high solubility limit will facilitate the phase transition, whereas the small particles for LiFePO4 microparticles will retard the phase transition and the relaxation process.
A Low Cost Large‐Area Solid Oxide Cells Fabrication Technology based on Aqueous Co‐Tape Casting and Co‐Sintering
Authors: Zhou J. , Liu Q. , Sun Q. , Hwa Chan S.
Published: May 2014

Aqueous‐based tape casting is a low‐cost and environment friendly technology. In this paper, large‐area fuel electrode‐supported solid oxide cells (SOCs) were fabricated by this technology in conjunction with co‐sintering process. A 10 cm × 10 cm single cell with NiO/Zr0.92Y0.08O2–δ fuel electrode, Zr0.92Y0.08O2–δ electrolyte and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3+δ/Ce0.9Gd0.1O2+δ air electrode has been successfully developed with improved electrode microstructure and hence the cell performance with the maximum power density of 534 mW cm–2 at 850 °C with humidified H2 as the fuel and air as the oxidant has been achieved. The optimal slurry formulations used in the fabrication of SOC were summarized for future reference purpose.
Enhancement of the Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Performance by Modification of the Cathode Microporous Layer Using Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Abdelkareem M. A. , Kasem E. T. , Nakagawa N. , Abdelghani E. A. M. , Elzatahry A. A. , Khalil K. A. , Barakat N. A. M.
Published: May 2014

Mass transfer is a key parameter affecting the performance of the passive direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), which work under natural convection. In this study, effect of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) addition to the cathode microporous layer (MPL) on the performance of the passive DMFCs was investigated. The results indicated that CNFs content has a significant influence on both of the mass transport and the electrochemical surface area (ECSA). Interestingly, addition of the CNFs (20 wt.%) leads to increase the power density of the passive DMFC to 160% compared to pristine carbon black MPL. At low current density, the CNFs content has no influence on the performance, while at high current density the maximum performance can be obtained at 20 wt.% CNFs then the performance decreases with further increase in the CNFs content. Although the highest catalyst utilization is observed at 40 wt.% CNFs, a maximum power density of 36 mW cm–2 can be obtained at 20 wt.% CNFs and this is related to the significant effect of the mass transfer resistance under the passive operation conditions. Overall, addition of CNFs to the MPL can be considered an effective strategy to modify the passive DMFCs performance.
Self and carer perspectives of quality of life in dementia using the QoL‐AD
Authors: Orgeta Vasiliki , Orrell Martin , Hounsome Barry , Woods Bob ,   in collaboration with the REMCARE team
Published: May 2014

Objective

Quality of life (QoL) is one of the most important outcomes in improving well‐being in people with dementia (PwD). The primary aim of the present study was to compare self and carer ratings of QoL in PwD and to identify the most important factors influencing self and carer ratings.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional analytic study of 488 dyads using the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease scale, demographics, data on self‐rated health, and clinical characteristics.

Results

Higher levels of self‐rated health in PwD were associated with higher self‐rated QoL after controlling for depression and activities of daily living. When the carer experienced less stress related to caregiving, the PwD reported better QoL. Higher carer‐rated QoL was associated with less carer stress, better health for the family carer, and the PwD being of younger age. When carers lived with the PwD, and reported lower levels of depression and better functional ability for their relative, carer‐rated QoL was higher.

Conclusions

The self‐rated health of PwD and carers influences the ratings they make of the QoL of the PwD indicating that it is an important influence on QoL in this population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying fibrosis in head and neck cancer treatment: An overview
Authors: Moloney Emma C. , Brunner Markus , Alexander Ashlin J. , Clark Jonathan
Published: May 2014

Background

Fibrosis is a common late complication of radiotherapy and/or surgical treatment for head and neck cancers. Fibrosis is difficult to quantify and formal methods of measure are not well recognized. The purpose of this review was to summarize the methods available to quantify neck fibrosis.

Methods

A PubMed search of articles was carried out using key words “neck” and “fibrosis.”

Results

Many methods have been used to assess fibrosis, however, there is no preferred methodology. Specific to neck fibrosis, most studies have relied upon hand palpation rating scales. Indentation and suction techniques have been used to mechanically quantify neck fibrosis. There is scope to develop applications of ultrasound, dielectric, bioimpedance, and MRI techniques for use in the neck region.

Conclusion

Quantitative assessment of neck fibrosis is sought after in order to compare treatment regimens and improve quality of life outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1225–1231, 2015
Endonasal endoscopic surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal cavities and skull base: Oncologic outcomes based on treatment strategy and tumor etiology
Authors: de Almeida John R. , Su Shirley Y. , Koutourousiou Maria , Vaz Guimaraes Filho Francisco , Fernandez Miranda Juan C. , Wang Eric W. , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H.
Published: May 2014

Background

Oncologic outcomes for sinonasal and skull base squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) needs investigation.

Methods

Patients with SCC treated with EEA were stratified by treatment strategy and tumor etiology and reviewed.

Results

Thirty‐four patients were treated with EEA, or which 27 had definitive resection and 7 had debulking surgery. In the definitive group, 17 had de novo tumors and 10 had tumors arising from inverted papilloma. Definitive resection was associated with better 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than debulking (62% vs 17%; p = .02; and 78% vs 30%; p = .03). Patients with de novo tumors had similar 5‐year DFS and OS to those arising from inverted papilloma (62% vs 62%; p = .75; and 75% vs 86%; p = .24).

Conclusion

Definitive resection of sinonasal SCC with EEA provides sound oncologic outcomes. SCC arising from inverted papilloma does not have prognostic significance. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1163–1169, 2015
Do I Really Want to Work Here? Testing a Model of Job Pursuit for MBA Interns
Authors: Beenen Gerard , Pichler Shaun
Published: May 2014

Job pursuit refers to the intentions, decisions, or behaviors indicative of a candidate's interest in a particular employer. This study develops and tests a process model of job pursuit for MBA interns with data collected before, during, and after their internships. Our model integrates theory from the person‐environment fit and organizational socialization literature. Results show pre‐entry person‐organization (P‐O) fit and social aspects tactics jointly motivate proactive information seeking about the employer (from those inside and outside the assigned department) during the internship, and interactively motivate information seeking outside the assigned department. Yet, only information seeking inside the assigned department is related to learning about the employer. Learning about the employer also predicts job‐acceptance intentions, which in turn predicts job‐acceptance decisions. The model developed in this study should serve as a guide to help human resource managers understand job pursuit and acceptance in internships and other similar employment relationships. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Personalised cancer medicine
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. , Chester John D.
Published: May 2014

The evolving field of personalised medicine is playing an increasingly important role in cancer prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics. Its importance in clinical management is demonstrated by the recent introduction into routine clinical practice of various individualised, molecularly targeted therapies with increased efficacy and/or reduced toxicity. The identification of cancer predisposition genes, such as the BRCA genes in breast cancer, permits screening programmes to identify patients “at‐risk” of developing cancer and helps them make decisions on individual risk‐modification behaviours. Personalised medicine also plays an increasingly important role in cancer treatment. It is increasingly clear that there are molecularly distinct subtypes of various common cancers, with different therapeutic approaches required for each subtype, for example, the use of the monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab and cetuximab) in HER2‐positive breast cancer and wild‐type KRAS colorectal cancer; tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib and crizotinib) in chronic myeloid leukaemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumours and non‐small‐cell lung cancer and intracellular agents (vemurafenib and olaparib) in metastatic malignant melanoma and ovarian, breast and prostate cancer. The efficacy of various targeted therapies in such disparate tumours suggests that we are entering an era in which treatment decisions will be based on tumour molecular abnormality profile or “signature,” rather than tumour tissue type or anatomical site of origin, improving patient prognosis and quality of life. This mini review focuses on the role of personalised medicine in cancer prevention and treatment as well as its future direction in oncology.
Preliminary investigation on hemocompatibility of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane grafted with acryloylmorpholine via ATRP
Authors: Shen Xiang , Liu Jie , Feng Xia , Zhao Yiping , Chen Li
Published: May 2014

This work provides a promising way to improve the hemocompatibility of PVDF membrane. An amphiphilic copolymer (PVDF‐g‐PACMO) having PVDF backbones and poly(N‐acryloylmorpholine) (PACMO) side chains was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). It is found that the grafting degree of the PACMO increases linearly with the increase of ACMO concentration in the reaction solution. The PVDF‐g‐PACMO membrane was prepared via immersed phase inversion method. The structure and performances were evaluated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle, and filtration experiment. The hemocompatibility of the membranes were preliminarily investigated by protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, anticoagulant evaluation and hemolysis test. The results indicate that the PVDF membrane functionalized by PACMO can suppress the protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, and shows an improved hemocompatibility. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 683–692, 2015.
Compositions and their application to the analysis of choice
Authors: Jensen Greg
Published: May 2014

Descriptions of steady‐state patterns of choice allocation under concurrent schedules of reinforcement have long relied on the “generalized matching law” (Baum, 1974), a log‐odds power function. Although a powerful model in some contexts, a series of conflicting empirical results have cast its generality in doubt. The relevance and analytic relevance of matching models can be greatly expanded by considering them in terms of compositions (Aitchison, 1986). A composition encodes a set of ratios (e.g., 5:3:2) as a vector with a constant sum, and this constraint (called closure) restricts the data to a nonstandard sample space. By exploiting this sample space, unbiased estimates of model parameters can be obtained to predict behavior given any number of choice alternatives. Additionally, the compositional analysis of choice provides tools that can accommodate both violations of scale invariance and unequal discriminability of stimuli signaling schedules of reinforcement. In order to demonstrate how choice data can be analyzed using the compositional approach, data from three previously published studies are reanalyzed. Additionally, new data is reported comparing matching behavior given four, six, and eight response alternatives.
Electrospun polyamide–polyethylene glycol nanofibers for headspace solid‐phase microextration
Authors: Bagheri Habib , Najarzadekan Hamid , Roostaie Ali
Published: May 2014

A solution of polyamide (PA) containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a side low‐molecular‐weight polymer was electrospun. After synthesizing the PA–PEG nanofibers, the constituent was subsequently removed (modified PA) and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy images showed an average diameter of 640 and 148 nm for PA and PA–PEG coatings, respectively, while the latter coating structure was more homogeneous and porous. The extraction efficiencies of PA, PA–PEG, and the modified PA fiber coatings were assayed by headspace solid‐phase microextraction of a number of chlorophenols from real water samples followed by their determination by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. To prepare the most appropriate coatings, the amounts and the flow rate of the electrospinning solution were investigated. Various extraction parameters, such as the salt content, desorption condition, extraction temperature, and time were optimized. The limits of detection of the method were in the range of 0.8–25 ng/L, while the RSDs at two concentration levels of 200 and 80 ng/L were between 2.1 and 12.2%. The analysis of real water samples led to relative recoveries between 85 and 98% with a linearity of 8–1500 ng/L.
Characteristics of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale in a Clinically Referred Dutch Sample
Authors: Verlinden Eva , van Meijel Els P. M. , Opmeer Brent C. , Beer Renée , de Roos Carlijn , Bicanic Iva A. E. , Lamers‐Winkelman Francien , Olff Miranda , Boer Frits , Lindauer Ramón J. L.
Published: May 2014

Early identification of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children is important to offer them appropriate and timely treatment. The Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES) is a brief self‐report measure designed to screen children for PTSD. Research regarding the diagnostic validity of the CRIES is still insufficient, has been restricted to specific populations, and sample sizes have often been small. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the 8‐item (CRIES‐8) and 13‐item (CRIES‐13) versions of the CRIES in a large clinically referred sample. The measure was completed by 395 Dutch children (7–18 years) who had experienced a wide variety of traumatic events. PTSD was assessed using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM‐IV: Child and Parent version. A cutoff score of 17 on the CRIES‐8 and 30 on the CRIES‐13 emerged as the best balance between sensitivity and specificity, and correctly classified 78%–81% of all children. The CRIES‐13 outperformed the CRIES‐8, in that the overall efficiency of the CRIES‐13 was slightly superior (.81 and .78, respectively). The CRIES appears to be a reliable and valid measure, which gives clinicians a brief and user‐friendly instrument to identify children who may have PTSD and offer them appropriate and timely treatment.
Broadband spin‐controlled surface plasmon polariton launching and radiation via L‐shaped optical slot nanoantennas
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhou Shuxiang , Hu Chuang , Zhang Weiwei , Xiao Xiao , Zhang Jiasen
Published: May 2014

Broadband spin‐controlled surface plasmon polariton (SPP) launching and radiation via L‐shaped optical slot nanoantennas are proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The phase retardation and spectra overlapping between two resonant plasmon modes in the L‐shaped optical slot nanoantenna lie at the origin of this effect. SPP launching in two perpendicular directions are controlled by the spin of the incident light. Broadband directional launching of SPPs is achieved and the extinction ratio keeps larger than 7 dB within a wavelength range of 150 nm. Furthermore, the photon spin of SPP radiation via the L‐shaped optical slot nanoantennas is controlled by SPP propagation directions. These investigations provide a route for spin‐controlled nanophotonic applications.
Chitosan‐coated Gold Nanorods for Cancer Therapy Combining Chemical and Photothermal Effects
Authors: Duan Ruiping , Zhou Zhimin , Su Guanghao , Liu Lingrong , Guan Man , Du Bo , Zhang Qiqing
Published: May 2014

To develop a novel type of nanoparticle for cancer therapy, gold nanorods (GNRs) are coated with chitosan (CS) derivatives to combine chemical and photothermal effects. Thiol‐modified chitosan derivatives chemically conjugated to doxorubicin (DOX) are successfully synthesized and their in vitro effect is evaluated. Functional nanocarriers (DOX‐CS‐GNR) with good biocompatibility and optical properties are prepared by conjugating chitosan derivatives to GNRs. Two types of structures with different molar ratios of chitosan derivatives and GNRs are successfully obtained. In in vitro studies, GNR‐loaded nanoparticles show low cytotoxicity and high potential for anti‐cancer effects. Under conditions of short exposure time and low light intensity, DOX‐CS‐GNR nanocarriers with a side‐by‐side structure exhibit cytoxicity against tumor cells based on a combination of chemical and photothermal therapeutic effects.
Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Cell Response on Integrin‐Specific Artificial Extracellular Matrix Proteins
Authors: Tjin Monica Suryana , Chua Alvin Wen Choong , Ma Dong Rui , Lee Seng Teik , Fong Eileen
Published: May 2014

Cell‐matrix interactions play critical roles in regulating cellular behavior in wound repair and regeneration of the human skin. In particular, human skin keratinocytes express several key integrins such as alpha5beta1, alpha3beta1, and alpha2beta1 for binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM) present in the basement membrane in uninjured skin. To mimic these key integrin‐ECM interactions, artificial ECM (aECM) proteins containing functional domains derived from laminin 5, type IV collagen, fibronectin, and elastin are prepared. Human skin keratinocyte cell responses on the aECM proteins are specific to the cell‐binding domain present in each construct. Keratinocyte attachment to the aECM protein substrates is also mediated by specific integrin‐material interactions. In addition, the aECM proteins are able to support the proliferation of keratinocyte stem cells, demonstrating their promise for use in skin tissue engineering.
Determining of laser surface treatment parameters used for light metal alloying with ceramic powders
Authors: Tański T.
Published: May 2014

There are presented in this paper the investigation results of microstructure as well hardness investigation of the surface layer of cast aluminium alloys in as‐cast state and after laser surface treatment using a high power diode laser (HPDL) with Al2O3 ceramic powder. The purpose of this work was to determine the proper laser treatment conditions for surface treatment of the investigated alloys and to describe the structural changes occurred in the surface layer after laser treatment. For investigation of the obtained structure there was used light as well scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The morphology and size of the ceramic powder particles as well the structure of the remelted aluminium surface layer was possible to determine. After the laser surface treatment carried out on the aluminium cast alloys there are visible structural changes concerning the microstructure as well as distribution and morphology of the fed particles occurred in the sample surface. Concerning the laser treatment conditions for surface hardening also the laser power and ceramic powder feed rate was studied. The structure of the surface laser tray changes in a way, that there are zones detected like the remelting zone and the heat influence zone. This investigation with appliance of a high power diode laser for Al alloys makes it possible to obtain or develop an interesting technology very attractive for different industry branches.
Reversible fixation and release of carbon dioxide with a binary system consisting of polyethylene glycol and polystyrene‐bearing cyclic amidine pendant group
Authors: Sakuragi Mina , Aoyagi Naoto , Furusho Yoshio , Endo Takeshi
Published: May 2014

In this study, we investigated the CO2‐capture/release behavior of the polystyrene‐bearing cyclic amidine pendant groups, which was synthesized via free radical polymerization of HCl salt of the corresponding styrene monomer followed by neutralization. For comparison, we also prepared the polystyrene bearing N‐formyl‐1,3‐propanediamine pendant groups through the hydrolysis of the cyclic amidine group by treatment with an alkaline solution. First, we examined the CO2‐capture/release behaviors of the amidine and amine monomers in aqueous solution in terms of conductivity. The conductivity of a wet DMSO solution of the amidine monomer increased upon CO2 bubbling at 25 °C and reached a stationary value of about 11 mS/m, which indicated the formation of the bicarbonate salt. Conversely, the conductivity decreased to its original value upon N2 bubbling at 50 °C, reflecting the complete release of the trapped CO2 molecules. Both solutions showed the changes in the conductivity with quick responses, and no appreciable difference was observed between them. We then investigated the CO2‐capture/release behaviors of the amidine and amine polymers, by taking advantage of the binary system with polyethylene glycol, and found that the binary system with the amidine polymer captured and released CO2 more efficiently than that with the amine polymer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2025–2031
The study of large semiconducting boron doped single crystal diamond sectorial structure
Authors: Chepugov A. , Ivakhnenko S. , Garashchenko V.
Published: May 2014

The sectorial structure of semiconductor single‐crystal diamond grown at high pressure and temperature was considered. Influence of crystal structure on shape of IR‐absorption maps and photoluminescence glow were studied. The distribution of boron impurity and its concentration in the areas which belonging to different growth sectors were measured. The analysis of the effect of the conditions of type IIb crystal growth at HPHT on their structure was performed, conditions for getting the most homogeneous samples were defined. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Implementing a variational data assimilation system in an operational 1/4 degree global ocean model
Authors: Waters Jennifer , Lea Daniel J. , Martin Matthew J. , Mirouze Isabelle , Weaver Anthony , While James
Published: May 2014

This article describes the implementation of an incremental first guess at an appropriate time three‐dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation scheme, NEMOVAR, in the Met Office's operational 1/4 degree global ocean model. NEMOVAR assimilates observations of sea‐surface temperature (SST), sea‐surface height (SSH), in situ temperature and salinity profiles and sea ice concentration. The Met Office is the first centre to implement NEMOVAR at 1/4 degree and the required developments are discussed, with particular focus on the specification of the background‐error covariances.

Background‐error correlations in NEMOVAR are modelled using a diffusion operator. The horizontal background‐error correlations for temperature, salinity and sea ice concentration are parametrized using the Rossby radius, which produces relatively short correlation length‐scales at mid to high latitudes, while a flow‐dependent mixed‐layer depth parametrization is used to define the vertical length‐scales for the 3D variables.

Results from a one‐year reanalysis with NEMOVAR are presented and compared with the preceding operational data assimilation scheme at the Met Office. NEMOVAR is shown to provide significant improvements to SST, SSH and sea ice concentration fields, with the largest improvements seen in regions of high variability such as eddy shedding and frontal regions and the marginal ice zone. This improvement is associated with shorter correlation length‐scales in the extratropics and an improved fit to observations in NEMOVAR. Some degradation to subsurface temperature and salinity fields where data are sparse is identified and this will be the focus of future improvements to the system.
Quality management system and accreditation of measurements in a surface science laboratory: the case study of MiNALab
Authors: Iacob Erica , Vanzetti Lia , Gennaro Salvatore , Pecoraro Federico , Giubertoni Damiano , Barozzi Mario , Bortolotti Mauro , Pepponi Giancarlo , Fedrizzi Michele , Bersani Massimo
Published: May 2014

With the continuously increasing demand for traceable and often accredited measurements in the scientific community, the quality management of laboratory activity according to international ISO standards can be a valuable and proficient solution. In this paper, we describe a decade of work in this direction. The implementation of quality management according to the ISO/IEC 17025 ‘General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories’ in a surface science research‐oriented analytical laboratory is presented. We analyze difficulties and drawbacks as well as benefits and permanent improvements that followed the accreditation, its maintenance, and extension to new methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced Dielectric Performance in Polymer Composite Films with Carbon Nanotube‐Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Filler
Authors: Kim Jin‐Young , Kim TaeYoung , Suk Ji Won , Chou Harry , Jang Ji‐Hoon , Lee Jong Ho , Kholmanov Iskandar N. , Akinwande Deji , Ruoff Rodney S.
Published: May 2014

The electrical conductivity and the specific surface area of conductive fillers in conductor‐insulator composite films can drastically improve the dielectric performance of those films through changing their polarization density by interfacial polarization. We have made a polymer composite film with a hybrid conductive filler material made of carbon nanotubes grown onto reduced graphene oxide platelets (rG‐O/CNT). We report the effect of the rG‐O/CNT hybrid filler on the dielectric performance of the composite film. The composite film had a dielectric constant of 32 with a dielectric loss of 0.051 at 0.062 wt% rG‐O/CNT filler and 100 Hz, while the neat polymer film gave a dielectric constant of 15 with a dielectric loss of 0.036. This is attributed to the increased electrical conductivity and specific surface area of the rG‐O/CNT hybrid filler, which results in an increase in interfacial polarization density between the hybrid filler and the polymer.
Eigenschaften von Stabbogenbrücken bei dynamischer Anregung und abgestimmte Ermüdungslastmodelle
Authors: Bransch Martin , Haß Sebastian , Priebe Jürgen , Starossek Uwe
Published: May 2014

Bei vorhandenen stählernen Stabbogenbrücken mit freistehenden Bögen treten häufig seitliche Bogenschwingungen auf, welche aus überfahrenden Fahrzeugen resultieren. Das lange Nachschwingen erzeugt eine große Ermüdungsbeanspruchung für den Bogen und angrenzende Bauteile. Es wird außerdem von Personen auf der Brücke als unangenehm empfunden. Die Problematik tritt immer bei dem gleichen, häufig vorkommenden Stabbogenbrückentyp auf.

Deshalb wird hier die seitliche Bogenschwingung bei dynamischer Anregung analysiert. Dafür wird ein aus dem Gesamtsystem herausgelöster Stabbogen mit seiner Differentialgleichung untersucht. Außerdem wird die Energiewanderung im Gesamtsystem betrachtet, die besonders zwischen den beiden Stabbögen auftritt.

Im Weiteren werden zwei abgestimmte Ermüdungslastmodelle für den schwingungsanfälligen Stabbogen vorgeschlagen. Bei diesen werden Achsabstand und Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs angepasst, um den Bogen zu Resonanzschwingungen anzuregen.

Characteristics of steel bowstring bridges under dynamic excitation and tuned fatigue load models. Lateral arch vibrations, resulting from crossing vehicles, are frequently observed at existing steel bowstring bridges. The long post oscillation induces a large fatigue load for the arch and the adjacent construction components. Also, it feels uncomfortable to persons on the bridge. This problem always occurs at the same, widespread steel bowstring bridge type.

Hence, the dynamic behavior of the lateral arch vibration is analyzed here. Therefore, the arch is extracted from the bridge system and its differential equation is examined. Moreover, the energy flow is considered, which arises especially between the two arches.

Also, two tuned fatigue load models are proposed for the vibration susceptible arch. Adjustable distance between axles and adjustable speed of vehicles are introduced for these to excite lateral arch vibrations.
Verstärkung und Instandsetzung der Hängebrücke über die Saar in Mettlach
Authors: Stihl Thomas , Heiland Uwe , Seidel Martin , Heinzel Uwe
Published: May 2014

Die Instandsetzung der Hängebrücke über die Saar in Mettlach sollte nach der bereits 2013 erfolgten Fahrbahntafelerneuerung mit dem Ersatz der seitlich angebauten Gehwege und der Ergänzung um einen Radweg sowie einem Korrosionsschutz für die Brückentafel in 2013/14 abgeschlossen werden. Diese Arbeiten wurden, wie die erste Maßnahme, mit der Vorgabe, den öffentlichen Verkehr im Brückenbereich aufrechtzuerhalten, ausgeführt. Während der Instandsetzungsarbeiten wurden jedoch gravierende Schäden an den Hauptträgern festgestellt. Der Bericht beschreibt die damit verbundenen Umstände und die Lösungsansätze, die bei der Brückeninstandsetzung just in time entwickelt werden mussten. Dabei stand alles unter der Prämisse, den Verkehr auf und unter der innerstädtischen Brücke ohne größere Beeinträchtigungen aufrecht zu erhalten.

Strengthening and restoration of the suspension bridge in Mettlach, Germany – Bridge renovation under continuous traffic. It was planned to finish the 2013/14 renovation of the suspension bridge Mettlach after the installation of lateral mounted pedestrian walkways, extended by a bicycle path and after the completion of painting works of the bridge deck. These works had to be executed while public traffic was still on the bridge, same as the first measure in 2013. While processing the renovation serious damages at the main beams were detected. This report describes the circumstances of the handling and the solutions that have been developed to solve the task of repair. All this had to be done just in time under the premise to maintain the traffic of the urban bridge without major impairments.
Näherungsverfahren zur Beurteilung der Ermüdungsgefährdung von Hängern
Authors: Schmidmeier Michael , Schütz Karl G. , Ehmann Rainer
Published: May 2014

Eine detaillierte Untersuchung der Ermüdungssicherheit von stählernen Hängern in bestehenden Stabbogenbrücken erfordert in der Regel umfangreiche Nachrechnungen an räumlichen Gesamttragwerken und an Hänger‐Teilmodellen. Zur einheitlichen und kostengünstigen Beurteilung dieser Problematik wurde für die betroffenen Bauwerke der Wasser‐ und Schifffahrtsverwaltung als alternative Vorgehensweise ein ingenieurmäßiges Bewertungsverfahren erarbeitet. Dieses basiert auf Näherungslösungen, die eine Abschätzung der in Rundstahlhängern und ihren Anschlussbereichen auftretenden Beanspruchungen durch Winderregung und Verkehr erlauben. Zwei der hierzu entwickelten Näherungsverfahren – zur Eigenfrequenzermittlung sowie zur Bestimmung von relevanten Biegebeanspruchungen in Hängern – werden nachfolgend beschrieben.

Approximation method to evaluate the fatigue design of hangers. A detailed investigation of the fatigue design of steel hangers in existing arch bridges usually requires extensive recalculations using 3D models of the complete structure and partial submodels of the hangers. As an alternative approach, an engineering assessment procedure has been developed to evaluate the affected bridges of the German waterways and shipping administration, to ensure standardised and economic treatment of this issue. It is based on approximate methods that make it possible to estimate the loads in round steel hangers and their connection areas under the influence of wind and traffic. Two of the approximation methods developed for this purpose – the determination of the natural frequency and of relevant bending stresses in hangers – are described below.
DIN EN 1993‐1‐1‐konforme integrierte Stabilitätsanalysen für 2D/3D‐Stahlkonstruktionen (Teil 3)
Authors: Papp Ferenc , Rubert Achim , Szalai József
Published: May 2014

Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt – im dritten und letzten Teil – die Anwendung der “Allgemeinen Methode“ nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐1, Abschnitt 6.3.4 auf komplexe 3D‐Konstruktionen. Es wird gezeigt, dass diese verblüffend einfache Nachweismethode gegen räumliches Stabilitätsversagen von Stahlkonstruktionen (vor allem mit dünnwandigen offenen torsionsweichen) Profilen zu gleichwertigen Ergebnissen führt wie die alternative, aber aufwendigere so genannte “Äquivalente Imperfektionsmethode“ nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐1, Abschnitt 5.3.2 (11). Die “Allgemeine Methode“ wird in Abschnitt 15 modifiziert und damit auch für Profile anwendbar, die unter reiner Normalkraftbeanspruchung mit Biegedrillknickversagen antworten.

DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 based integrated stability analysis of 2D/3D steel structures (part 3). This paper – as the third and last part of a series of three parts – presents the use of the “General Method” of DIN EN 1993‐1‐1, chapter 6.3.4 for complex 3D steel structures. It shows that this surprising easy to handle method for global stability checks of spatial buckling behavior of steel constructions with thin‐walled cross sections leads to the same results as the more complicate “Equivalent Imperfection Method” of DIN EN 1993‐1‐1, chapter 5.3.2(11), which uses the elastic global eigenshapes. In chapter 15 the “General Method” is modified in order to use it for structures with cross sections, which fail with flexural torsional buckling shapes.
Re: Uterine artery Doppler and sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio: prognostic value in early‐onset pre‐eclampsia. P. I. Gómez‐Arriaga, I. Herraiz, E. A. López‐Jiménez, D. Escribano, B. Denk and A. Galindo. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 43: 525–532
Authors: Prefumo F.
Published: May 2014

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 43: 525–532
Re: Amnioinfusion in very early preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (AMIPROM): pregnancy, neonatal and maternal outcomes in a randomized controlled pilot study. D. Roberts, S. Vause, W. Martin, P. Green, S. Walkinshaw, L. Bricker, C. Beardsmore, N. Shaw, A. McKay, G. Skotny, P. Williamson and Z. Alfirevic. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 43: 490–499
Authors: Makrydimas G.
Published: May 2014

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 43: 490–499
Construction Of Two New 6‐connected Manganese(II) Metal Organic Frameworks via Isomeric Biphenyldicarboxylates Based on the Dinuclear Secondary Building Unit
Authors: Zou Guanglong , Wang Xuelin , Li Tingting , Fang Zhiqing , Xie Bing
Published: May 2014

Two coordination polymers, namely {[Mn(2,4′‐bpdc)(bimb)(H2O)0.5]·0.5H2O}n (1) and [Mn(4,4′‐bpdc)(bimb)]n·2.5H2O (2) [2,4′‐bpdc = biphenyl‐2,4′‐dicarboxylate, 4,4′‐bpdc = biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate, and bimb = 1,4‐bis(1‐imidazol‐yl)‐2,5‐dimethyl benzene], were hydrothermally synthesized by reactions of manganese(II) salt with the rigid ligand 1,4‐bis(1‐imidazol‐yl)‐2,5‐dimethyl benzene and isomeric biphenyl dicarboxylate ligands. Complex 1 has an unusual 6‐connected three‐dimensional (3D) architecture with point symbol (44.611). Complex 2 has also a 3D structure with two‐interpenetrated pcu topology with point symbol (412.63). Structural comparisons show that the positions of the carboxylate groups in the ligand backbone play an important role in governing the structural topologies of these complexes.
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: An Over‐Treated Malignancy?
Authors: Wang Tracy S. , Goffredo Paolo , Sosa Julie Ann , Roman Sanziana A.
Published: May 2014

Background

The clinical importance of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) remains controversial, with current guidelines suggesting that thyroid lobectomy alone is sufficient. The purpose of this study was to identify population‐level treatment patterns in the USA for PTMC.

Methods

Patients with PTMC in SEER (1998–2010) were included; demographic, clinical (extent of surgery, administration of post‐operative radioactive iodine [RAI]), and pathologic characteristics were examined. Outcomes of interest were 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).

Results

The cohort consisted of 29,512 patients. Mean age at diagnosis was 48.5 years; mean tumor size was 0.53 cm. Overall, 73.4 % of patients underwent total thyroidectomy, and RAI was administered to 31.3 %. In multivariate analysis, total thyroidectomy was more frequently performed in patients with multifocal (odds ratio [OR] 2.55), ‘regional’, or ‘distant’ PTMC (OR 2.90 and 2.59). Non‐operative management was associated with male patients (OR 4.24) and those aged ≥65 years (OR 6.31). Post‐operative RAI was associated with multifocal PTMC (OR 2.57). Overall, 5‐ and 10‐year DSS was 99.6 and 99.3 %, respectively, with no difference in DSS between patients who underwent partial versus total thyroidectomy. OS of patients with PTMC who underwent any thyroid operation was similar to that of the general population of the USA.

Conclusions

An increasing number of patients are undergoing total thyroidectomy and RAI for PTMC. While there may be a subset of patients for whom more aggressive therapy is indicated, many patients with PTMC may be over‐treated, with no demonstrable benefit to survival.
SACE_3986, a TetR family transcriptional regulator, negatively controls erythromycin biosynthesis in Saccharopolyspora erythraea
Authors: Wu Panpan , Pan Hui , Zhang Congming , Wu Hang , Yuan Li , Huang Xunduan , Zhou Ying , Ye Bang-ce , Weaver David T , Zhang Lixin , Zhang Buchang
Published: May 2014

Erythromycin, a medically important antibiotic, is produced by Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Unusually, the erythromycin biosynthetic gene cluster lacks a regulatory gene, and the regulation of its biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In this study, through gene deletion, complementation and overexpression experiments, we identified a novel TetR family transcriptional regulator SACE_3986 negatively regulating erythromycin biosynthesis in S. erythraea A226. When SACE_3986 was further inactivated in an industrial strain WB, erythromycin A yield of the mutant was increased by 54.2 % in average compared with that of its parent strain, displaying the universality of SACE_3986 as a repressor for erythromycin production in S. erythraea. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that SACE_3986 repressed the transcription of its adjacent gene SACE_3985 (which encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase), erythromycin biosynthetic gene eryAI and the resistance gene ermE. As determined by EMSA analysis, purified SACE_3986 protein specifically bound to the intergenic region between SACE_3985 and SACE_3986, whereas it did not bind to the promoter regions of eryAI and ermE. Furthermore, overexpression of SACE_3985 in A226 led to enhanced erythromycin A yield by at least 32.6 %. These findings indicate that SACE_3986 is a negative regulator of erythromycin biosynthesis, and the adjacent gene SACE_3985 is one of its target genes. The present study provides a basis to increase erythromycin production by engineering of SACE_3986 and SACE_3985 in S. erythraea.
Deposition and decomposition of cattle dung and its impact on soil properties and plant growth in a cool‐temperate pasture
Authors: Yoshitake Shinpei , Soutome Hiromi , Koizumi Hiroshi
Published: May 2014

Livestock dung provides an important direct pathway by which carbon and nutrients enter soils in pasture ecosystems and affects carbon and nitrogen cycling indirectly through changes in soil and plant properties. Here, we quantify dung deposition, decomposition, and the effects of dung on soil and plants in a Zoysia japonica grassland in Japan. We determined (1) the distribution of dung, (2) the mass loss rate of dung and the amount of carbon respired as CO2, and (3) changes in soil properties and aboveground biomass of Z. japonica. Dung deposition was 4.0–9.7 g C and 0.4–1.0 g N m−2 year−1 and distributed patchily (Morishita's Iδ > 1). Most (71 %) of the carbon in dung deposited in June was lost within a single grazing period by aerobic decomposition, more than mass loss rate of Z. japonica litter in the first year (about 50 %), suggesting that grazing and defecation can accelerate carbon cycling compared with the typical litterfall–decomposition regime. Nitrogen in dung mass entered the soil as ammonium nitrogen and was nitrified. The spatiotemporal distribution of these processes corresponded to that of stimulated Z. japonica growth. These results suggested that dung deposition significantly affected the inorganic nitrogen status of soil and, therefore, the growth of Z. japonica. However, these effects were very restricted temporally (July–August) and spatially (within 10 cm from dung edge). Thus, such spatiotemporally restricted effects combined with the patchy distribution of dung may contribute to the heterogeneous structure of pasture ecosystems.
Establishing the Surgical Nurse Liaison Role to Improve Patient and Family Member Communication
Authors: Herd Hope A. , Rieben Melissa A.
Published: May 2014

Having clear personal communication with a surgical patient's family members decreases the anxiety and increases patient and family member satisfaction. Perioperative team members at one East Coast community hospital implemented a new approach to communication in the perioperative area to address patient satisfaction after patient survey scores declined in the areas of communication and calming fears. An additional consideration was the facility's plan to move to a new facility in which the surgical department would be split across two floors. A literature review revealed that adding a surgical nurse liaison can increase patient, family member, and staff member satisfaction. The administration approved creation of the position, with duties that included managing the waiting area, facilitating interaction between physicians and patients' family members, and assisting with family visits to the perianesthesia unit. After implementation of this position, results of surveys showed increases in patient satisfaction. One year after the position was established, staff members reported they were happy with the position as well.
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for Environmental Cleaning
Authors: Allen George
Published: May 2014

In recent years, researchers have developed an increasing awareness of the role of the environment in the development of health care–associated infections. AORN's “Recommended practices for environmental cleaning” is an evidence‐based document that provides specific guidance for cleaning processes, for the selection of appropriate cleaning equipment and supplies, and for ongoing education and quality improvement. This updated recommended practices document has an expanded focus on the need for health care personnel to work collaboratively to accomplish adequately thorough cleanliness in a culture of safety and mutual support. Perioperative nurses, as the primary advocates for patients while they are being cared for in the perioperative setting, should help ensure that a safe, clean environment is reestablished after each surgical procedure.
Human S100A9 potentiates IL‐8 production in response to GM‐CSF or fMLP via activation of a different set of transcription factors in neutrophils
Authors: Simard Jean-Christophe , Noël Claudie , Tessier Philippe A. , Girard Denis
Published: May 2014

Inflammation is highly regulated by various agents. Unexpectedly, we report here that the damage‐associated molecular pattern S100A9 protein, a potent neutrophil activator and inducer of cytokine production in monocytes, is not a direct activator of cytokine production in human neutrophils. However, S100A9 primed IL‐8 production in fMLP‐ and GM‐CSF‐stimulated neutrophiles via NF‐κB and CREB‐1, and NF‐κB, STAT3 and STAT5, respectively. Pharmacological inhibition confirmed the importance of these transcription factors by significantly decreasing IL‐8 production. This is the first time that a different set of transcription factors are shown to be involved in S100A9‐primed neutrophils in response to proinflammatory agonist.