bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE METHOD OF MARKING ITS CHAINS OF OCCURRENCES WITH A MORPHISM NUMDER IN THE N-SCHEME OF THE MARKOV ALGORITHM
Authors: Konovalov V. A.
Published: September 2024

To detect and classify λ-voids, we study a way of marking own chains of occurrences of words in each other by the morphism number determined in the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm. In the framework of the category-theoretic approach, the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm is considered as a topos form of the Markov algorithm. The topos explores additional properties of classifiers. The idea of introducing the Markov control flow algorithm into the N-schema is subjected to a comprehensive theoretical analysis. The control flows in the Turing algorithm and the topos form of the Markov algorithm are subjected to a comparative analysis. From the standpoint of the theoretical provisions of the constructivist approach of the Soviet (Leningrad) school, the conditions for equivalence and non-equivalence of the Markov and Turing algorithms are considered. The form of the Markov algorithm equivalent and non-equivalent to the Turing algorithm is synthesized, substantiated and analyzed. To detect the final occurrences in its chain of occurrences, necessary for the detection and classification of λ-voids, the composition of the elements of the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm, which is responsible for this, is specified. For some unknown algorithm for numbering its chains of occurrences of words in each other using the database of the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm, the method of its implementation by the imitating Turing algorithm is considered. The idea of Turing's algorithm imitating some of the algorithms used for the synthesis of artificial intelligence is analyzed. In the context of this study, it is shown that the imitation of the Turing algorithm is due to the need for a second pass through the data, organized by accessing the database in the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm. A description is given for the method of marking own chains of occurrences with the morphism number in the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm. It is concluded that it is necessary to decompose the instruction for checking whether the chain of occurrences belongs to its own chain into fragments, the length of which will be relatively small, for which we consider the method of marking the chains of occurrences with a word, as well as convolution.
USING A DICTIONARY OF PARONYMS FOR PERSONAL NAMES COMPONENTS TO IDENTIFY PERSONAL DATA
Authors: Beketova I. V. , Gerasimenko A. A. , Goremychkin V. I. , Khudyakov A. M. , Bogush N. B.
Published: September 2024

The use of fuzzy search methods when identifying input messages inevitably leads to the appearance of quite a lot of information noise in the output data. It is proposed to solve the current problem of cutting off information noise in the output data by analyzing the results of a fuzzy search using a dictionary of paronyms for nominal components. In relation to nominal components, paronyms are those nominal components that, on the one hand, satisfy the criteria of similarity of an information retrieval system, but, in fact, differ in meaning (they relate to completely different individuals). For the first time, the problem of reducing information noise in the output message of information retrieval systems was solved using an information filter, the structure-forming element of which is a dictionary of paronyms of nominal components. When compiling a dictionary of paronyms, a mechanism was used to categorize paronyms of nominal components depending on the number of distorted characters. The proposed approach to reducing information entropy depending on the category and number of paronyms of nominal components in family-name groups can be applied not only for information search by family-name groups, but also in a broad sense – for text data frequently used in queries, which are subject to various distortions.
AN METHOD FOR CREATING GEOINFORMATION 3D-MODEL OF AN AERODROME USING A DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL
Authors: Shustov V. V.
Published: September 2024

The creation of a three-dimensional geoinformation model of aerodrome is considered. An approach is proposed, consisting in supplementing a two-dimensional vector map with the values of the third coordinate, which are calculated using data from a digital terrain model. To implement this approach, the problem of interpolation of a function of two variables with a large number of nodal points is solved. The number of nodes where elevation values are set in a digital terrain model can be several thousand for each dimension. In this case, the use of global interpolation methods, for example, splines, in which function values at all nodal points are used to determine the values of a function at a given point falling into a grid cell, is computationally inefficient, since it requires a lot of machine time. It seems more promising to use a local approach to the interpolation problem. In this approach, the value of the function at an arbitrary point is determined by the values of the function at the nodal points of the grid closest to the specified point. Finite formulas are obtained that do not require solving equations, and allow interpolating functions for cases of linear and smooth approximation. An algorithm and a calculation program have been developed for a regular two-dimensional grid of nodes of a digital terrain model using the publicly available SRTM database. The results of numerical calculations of test cases with a comparison of linear and smooth approximations are presented. Using the proposed approach, a three-dimensional model of the Sochi aerodrome was created to simulate the movement of aircraft on its surface. The proposed approach and the interpolation method can be used to calculate the elevation of given points and to create three-dimensional cartographic models of the earth's surface.
THE METHOD OF MARKING ITS CHAINS OF OCCURRENCES OF A WORD IN THE N-SCHEME OF THE MARKOV ALGORITHM
Authors: Konovalov V. A.
Published: September 2024

In order to detect and classify -voids in these sources, a method of labeling its chains of occurrences with a word is investigated using the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm. The keys of the database used by the N-schema of the Markov algorithm to record the classified objects and morphisms in the topos are considered as input data for the algorithm that performs the second pass through the data for classifying -voids. The idea of a second pass through the data, using the database, is subjected to critical analysis, in terms of the cost of its implementation and the search for ways to build an algorithm that does not require a second pass through the data. Marking your chains of occurrences in the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm can be done in two main ways, based on the morphism number and the first word in the chain. Marking your chains of occurrences in the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm can be done in two main ways, based on the morphism number and the first word in the chain. This property distinguishes the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm from other algorithms. The control implementation mechanism in the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm is considered for the case of organizing a repeated pass through the data in the database. The method proposed in the study for marking one’s chains of occurrences with a word is considered, in which, during the first pass through the data, the first word in the chain is entered into the database as its unique marker. The mechanism of “stitching” of chains of occurrences in a topos is studied with a different composition of words in chains, a case is highlighted in which the first words in the “stitched” chains are combined into a tuple and form compositions that are unique for each such chain and can be used to mark them. In the course of the study, it was found that in order to detect -voids, it is necessary to process the entire set of such tuples, so they will either have to be placed in memory, or in a file, or in a database, thus, one way or another, implement the algorithm for processing these tuples second pass through the data. Some negative aspects of this approach have been established, for example, the length of markers formed by words can be significant, so it is advisable to collapse them with respect to some function, for example, a hash, synthesizing topos hashes for all given data. It is concluded that it is expedient to study the properties of the hash topos using the alphabet of the M N-scheme of the Markov algorithm for encoding occurrences relative to the previous ones and to synthesize a method for marking own chains of occurrences in the hash topos.
AUTOMATED SYNTHESIS OF OPTIMAL SCHEMES LOCATION OF PRODUCTION FACILITIES ON RUGGED TERRAIN
Authors: Zuga I. M. , Khomchenko V. G.
Published: September 2024

An automated method has been developed to synthesize layouts of industrial facilities on rugged terrains, aimed at minimizing costs associated with utilities routes development (construction and operation). Additional conditions of optimization synthesis include constraints on the regulatory minimum permissible clear distances between facilities and requirements that prevent facilities from being placed in restricted zones. Three characteristic types of terrain surface relief sufficient to solve the optimization problem presented under automated design conditions have been identified. The terrain allocated for enterprise placement is specified in the conditions of the optimization problem being solved by a regular grid created based on Delaunay triangulation. To calculate the elevation (applicate) of the center of the geometric image of the facility’s base at any position, a secondary approximation of a local small area is applied using a second-order Lagrange interpolation polynomial. Due to the multimodal nature of the objective function, partly caused by the complexity of the topography of the territory designated for facility location, the use of one of the stochastic population methods, specifically the modified method of differential evolution, is proposed to ensure a search for the global minimum of the objective function. A numerical example of synthesizing facilities layouts is provided, assuming their location on different slopes of a depression. The results of the numerical experiment confirmed the possibility of using the method presented in the paper for automated search of optimal (close to optimal) layouts for facilities on rugged terrains.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPTIMAL TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL PROGRAMS USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Panasenko S. S. , Starkov K. N. , Skorobogatchenko D. A.
Published: September 2024

One of the key directions in the development of intelligent transport networks is the introduction of automated traffic management systems. In the context of these systems, special attention is paid to the effective management of traffic lights, which are an important element of automated traffic management systems. The development of an automated system aimed at compiling an optimal program of traffic light signals on a certain section of the road network is presented. The development of an application that includes modules for modeling traffic flows, machine learning, and optimization of traffic light parameters is described. The Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) traffic simulation package was chosen as a modeling tool, the BFGS (Broyden – Fletcher – Goldfarb – Shanno) optimization algorithm was used, and gradient boosting was used as a machine learning method. The results of practical research show that the developed system is capable of quickly and effectively optimizing the parameters of phases and duration of traffic light cycles, which significantly improves traffic management on the corresponding section of the road network. The proposed approach allows solving the problems of traffic flow management in conditions of limited availability of data on the road situation, which makes it promising for practical application, since currently for adaptive traffic light control systems the presence of expensive sensors and equipment is required, which is often impossible in real urban conditions.
STRATEGIES FOR OPTIMIZING THE PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Marinin A. K.
Published: September 2024

The performance of mobile applications has a critical impact on the user experience and, as a result, on the rating of the application in online stores, which directly correlates with its commercial success. According to Google, 53 % of users delete an app if it takes more than 3 seconds to download. The primary task of optimizing the performance of mobile applications is to minimize the loading time. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of existing methods and technologies for optimizing the performance of mobile applications based on multidimensional analysis. The experiments suggest the following solution: the integration of asynchronous algorithms and multithreading in order to increase the level of performance by at least an order of magnitude 30 %. The evaluation of algorithms for accelerating the loading and initialization of resources in mobile applications was carried out using the decomposition method, which allows us to identify a correlation between the initialization time and the overall performance of the application. According to the experiments conducted, the integration of asynchronous algorithms and multithreading can increase performance by an order of 30-40 %. The article provides not only a quantitative, but also a qualitative assessment of how effective certain strategies are that can optimize applications, influence their architectural solution and the specifics of the user experience. Empirical data and analytical models are supported by the results, which indicate that the most optimal strategy in this case is an integrated approach, which will optimize from the technical and economic side.
A METHOD FOR SYNTHESIZING TOPOS OF HASHES IN THE CATEGORICAL cN-SCHEME OF THE MARKOV ALGORITHM. Part 1
Authors: Konovalov V. A.
Published: September 2024

In organizational systems, economic interactions are studied. The purpose of this study is to synthesize a problem-oriented management subsystem for combating money laundering and terrorist financing. To achieve this goal, the problem of synthesizing a constructive way of processing such interactions is solved. The method is based on the development of the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm with an output that cannot be considered normal according to Markov. This algorithm scheme allows us to consider a quadruple consisting of words in the ordered and extended Markov alphabet A2, morphism numbers N, source numbers i, and the alphabet M. From the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm, its categorical version is synthesized. The need for this scheme of the Markov algorithm is due to the solution of the problem of folding Markov occurrences of words into each other of large length for their more compact representation. The idea of organizing a convolution for the entire topos is tested separately. The term “topos of hashes” is introduced into scientific circulation. This topos is considered as an alternative way to represent blocks of chains of Markov occurrences. The hash topos is formed from hash trees known in blockchain technology. This idea follows from previous studies of classifiers in topos, as well as the possibility of splitting chains of Markov occurrences into blocks. The convolution is considered using gamma and hash functions. In the course of the study, it was possible to theoretically show the connection between Markov algorithms and blockchain technology, taking into account the fact that each chain of occurrences of words in each other is considered as a category, and these chains are formed in different sources, otherwise worlds, and the way they are synthesized may have signs of a creative process, then a connection was found between the theories of categories, algorithms, blockchain technology and intuitionistic models by S. Kripke and L. E. Ya. Brouwer.
The Effect of Thermal Values on The Deformation of Energy Pile Foundations using Numerical Methods.
Authors: Pratiwi Desti Santi , Naufal Shidqi Gary Muhammad
Published: September 2024

A thermal energy foundation is an innovative combination of a foundation structure with thermal pipes that can absorb geothermal heat. This allows it to serve as an alternative source of electricity for the building above it. The goal of this technology is to help achieve sustainable infrastructure targets by minimizing the use of fossil fuels from a geotechnical perspective. This study aims to analyze the thermal effect on foundation deformation using the Finite Element Method approach. The modelling is done using PLAXIS software with element meshes to provide comprehensive deformation results. Additionally, the model is used to vary the thermal parameters of the soil and the quality of the foundation concrete. The analysis results indicate that variations in thermal conductivity values lead to a 34.112% decrease in deformation due to reduced thermal conductivity, while variations in the quality of concrete used in the foundation show a relatively small or insignificant effect on the deformation.
Multimodal reading in reading-only versus reading-while-listening modes: evidence from Chinese language learners
Authors: Zhang Peng , Peng Yue
Published: September 2024

Language educators and researchers have shown keen interest in enhancing second language (L2) learners’ reading skills, and recently, more emphasis has been placed on multimodal learning. Multimodal learning theories posit that the confluence of auditory and visual stimuli facilitates learners to establish robust referential connections, and thus integrating audio cues has emerged as a strategy to enhance reading performance. While prior research has affirmed the advantages of incorporating audio cues for fostering reading fluency and comprehension in general, the findings are inconsistent. These investigations have predominantly focused on learners of English as a second language. Considering the differences between English and Chinese, especially their relationship between written scripts and oral language, investigating the reading experiences of Chinese language learners can contribute to a fuller understanding of the effect of audio inclusion on L2 learners. This study compared reading comprehension and reading experiences in reading-only and reading-while-listening modes for intermediate-low and intermediate-high-level Chinese language learners. After learners read in two different modes, a T-test was conducted on their comprehension performance followed by a qualitative analysis of their perspectives on their reading experiences. The findings showed a significant influence of audio integration on enhancing reading comprehension among intermediate-low-level Chinese language learners engaged in multimodal Chinese reading, and these learners displayed a preference for audio inclusion. On the other hand, a lack of significance in the effects of supplementary audio cues on reading comprehension was identified for intermediate-high-level learners, who manifested a mixed attitude towards audio integration with reading. This study complements the existing understanding of multimodal reading based on alphabetic language, particularly in English. Moreover, the findings carry pertinent implications for Chinese language reading pedagogy.
The So-Called Ansbert, his ‘Historia de expeditione’ and Related Sources as a Research Problem *
Authors: Netík Mikuláš
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The article dealing with the so-called Ansbert, his ‘Historia de expeditione Friderici imperatoris’ and related sources offers a research overview and analysis of the topic as it has evolved over the past 200 years and presents a new and more productive way to approach the narrative – the most important source documenting Frederick Barbarossa’s crusade ( 1188–1190 ). Firstly, the circumstances of the source’s reappearance in 1826 are explained, showing the troubled fate of the Strahov manuscript, where the narrative is extant in its fullest form. Secondly, the course of the academic discussion is traced, the main protagonist being Anton Chroust, the author of an edition used to this day. The main characteristics of the source are explained and the historiographical debate on the ‘Tageno-Ansbert-Frage’ is analysed, demonstrating that in almost desperate attempts to solve the question of authorship, the interconnectedness of sources and the exact manner of composition, research has gone up a blind alley, hindering more result-yielding questions from even being asked, which has not been remedied even by crusading studies that have bloomed in the past 100 years. Finally, a fresh approach to the topic is introduced: the narrative may be researched more viably through the lens of the functions and aims the source may have followed and the role the crusading idea may have played in it.

Rediscovery of the ‘Historia’, p. 362. – The ‘Tageno-Ansbert-Frage’, p. 363. – Anton Chroust Enters the Scene, p. 365. – Karl Zimmert Disagrees, p. 367. – Towards the Modern Edition, p. 368. – The Edition, p. 371. – Reactions and Aftermath, p. 375. – The So-Called Ansbert in Crusading Studies and Barbarossa’s Biographies?, p. 377. – ‘Historia de Expeditione’ and its Modern Translations, p. 380. – New Horizons?, p. 385.
Königliche Friedensstiftung und Konsens
Authors: Kamp Hermann
Published: September 2024

The paper deals with the instruments the king of the Holy Roman Empire used to settle disputes between the princes and to create a consensus between the parties involved, as well as the king’s efforts to integrate the other princes into the solution. The focus lies on the period between 1150 and 1300, when the rulers were not only concerned with individual conflicts, but by means of the so called ‘Landfrieden’ fundamentally started to limit and sanction the use of violence and to develop court proceedings as the norm in settling disputes. If these proceedings based on consensus gained or lost significance, is the central question of the paper, which is explored by using two case studies. These are Frederick Barbarossa’s efforts to settle the conflict between Henry the Lion and Henry Jasomirgott and Rudolf of Habsburg’s endeavours to resolve the conflicts between the Landgrave of Thuringia and his relatives. On the one hand, the investigation of these case studies shows that the ‘Landfrieden’ moved from the end of the conflict settlement to its beginning and that the kings hardly sought the consensus of the other princes in their search for agreement between the parties involved in the dispute.
Antizipation von Zukunft?
Authors: Dartmann Christoph
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Current research in medieval studies focuses on how the future was dealt with in medieval culture. While Reinhart Koselleck has denied the Middle Ages any interest in an inner-worldly future, recent contributions show a variety of diverse endeavours to know and influence the future. By examining naval campaigns of the city commune of Genoa from the 12th–14th centuries, this article argues in favour of examining the social practice of medieval societies more intensively in terms of how people tried to influence what would happen in the future. The study of three military campaigns – the attacks on the Spanish harbour cities of Almería and Tortosa in 1147 and 1148, the conquest of Chios and Phocaea in 1346 and a failed expedition to Cyprus in 1383 – shows that in all cases the exercise of military force was at best planned in outline. As a rule, it was assumed that the available contingents and experience would be sufficient for success. Concrete tactics, but in the case of Chios and Phokaia also the targets of the attacks, were only agreed upon during the campaigns. A record of one such negotiation has even been preserved from Cyprus. On the other hand, there were diplomatic and, above all, economic planning horizons that stipulated long-term agreements even before the attack, in which precise deadlines and dates for payments were fixed as well as alliance obligations. The interference between these futures, which were planned and plannable to varying degrees, resulted in the inherent dynamics of non-synchronised temporalities.
›Less Voice, more Viewpoint‹ – Towards a Cognitive Reconceptualization of the Centres of Orientation in Poetry
Authors: Wenzel Peter
Published: September 2024

Analysing the centres of orientation in a literary text, narratologists since Genette have always worked with the distinction between voice (who speaks?) and viewpoint (who sees?). In contrast, nearly all lyricologists have remained entirely focussed on the category of voice, trying to identify, apart from the speaking voice, at best further speech instances in the poems under discussion.

The present article challenges this voice-restricted tradition. It criticizes the deficiencies of various traditional one-voice-models (such as the identification of the speaking voice with the poet, a persona or the ›lyric I‹) as well as those of more recent voice-oriented approaches (by Hempfer and by Culler). It also discusses the blind spots of the multi-voice models developed in the course of lyricology’s ›narrative turn‹ (by Hühn and by Burdorf) and rejects Zymner’s recent suggestion to replace the notion of ›voice‹ by the purely textual concept of an ›addresser‹ as a ›structure of signs‹.

Subsequently, the framework of an alternative, viewpoint-oriented lyricology is sketched by adopting from Cognitive Linguistics such key-concepts as viewpoint-multiplicity, mental spaces and deictic markers as well as from Cognitive Grammar the notions of ›viewing arrangement‹ and ›split conceptualiser‹. Further instruments that can help to account for those poems in which the centre of perception seems to unite in itself the viewpoints of different ›voices‹ are such concepts as ›viewpoint-blends‹ and ›viewpoint-zooms‹. More akin to cognition, in which there are no strict boundaries, but only transitions, they can help to overcome long-lasting, hardly successful attempts to establish rigid divisions in the lyric (e. g. between personal and impersonal, monologic and dialogic, biographical and non-biographical or lyric and narrative poems). Instead, the viewpoint-framework does justice to the fact that such binaries constitute no polar oppositions but mere scales of difference. Moreover, a viewpoint-approach makes possible a much more fine-grained analysis of poetry – in a way better even than an earlier attempt by Petzold (2012) to extend lyricology’s voice-centred methodology by integrating into it a Genette-inspired distinction of three types of focalization.

The last section of this article is devoted to the complex problem of viewpoint-taking by the readers, which is aggravated by the underdetermined deixis and situational generality of many poems. As is finally illustrated by drawing on a poem with a particularly complicated deictic set-up (Eichendorff’s »Lockung« [»Lure«]), readers will admittedly not always be able to process all viewpoints contained in a text. Nevertheless, it can be shown with the help of this example that viewpoint-perception is often an indispensable prerequisite for a full understanding of a poem’s meaning.
A computational approach to detecting the envelope of variation
Authors: Bleaman Isaac L. , Kommerell Rhea
Published: September 2024

Variationist sociolinguistic methodology is grounded in the principle of accountability, which requires researchers to identify all of the contexts in which a given variable occurs or fails to occur. For morphosyntactic, lexical, and discourse variables, this process is notoriously time- and labor-intensive, as researchers manually sift through raw data in search of tokens to analyze. In this article, we demonstrate the usability of pretrained computational language models to automatically identify tokens of sociolinguistic variables in raw text. We focus on two English-language variables from different linguistic domains: intensifier choice (lexical; e.g., she is {very, really, so} smart) and complementizer selection (morphosyntactic; e.g., they thought {that, Ø} I understood). Text classifiers built with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) achieve high precision and recall metrics for both variables, even with relatively little hand-annotated training data. Our findings suggest that computational language models can dramatically reduce the burden of preparing data for variationist analysis. Furthermore, by inspecting the classifiers’ scores for individual sentences, researchers can observe patterns that should be written into the description of the variable context for further study.
Characterization and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) using microwave-assisted hydro distillation
Authors: Adhikary Krishnendu , Barman Saurav , Banerjee Pradipta , Mondal Pallav , Dam Bomba , Misra Arijit , Chandra Mandal Narayan , Mukherjee Debosmita , Bandyopadhyay Bidyut , Maiti Rajkumar
Published: September 2024

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil (LGEO) contains α-citral, β-citral and other phytochemicals extracted using various methods. This research extracted essential oils using steam distillation (SD) and microwave-assisted hydro distillation (MAHD) to maximize quantity and purity. LGEO was tested for antibacterial properties. LGEO was extracted using SD and compared to MAHD output based on oil production and chemical composition. We performed GCMS to characterize LGEO. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) used for quantum chemical analysis. Spectroscopic analysis showed that SD extracted secondary metabolites (ethyl-linalool, isogeranial, β-citral, α-citral, geranyl acetate, and caryophyllene) yielded 9.7 %, 11.5 %, 35.4 %, 13.4 %, 6.4 %, and 6.4 %, respectively, while MAHD yielded 10.2 %, 13.4 %, 43.2 %, 17.3 %, 6.9 %, and 7.3 %. MAHD extracted α and β citral content was better than SD extraction technique. FTIR spectroscopy and quantum chemistry analysis showed extracted oil chemical composition, electronic structure of α and β citral isomers. In the disc-diffusion experiment, both extracts were effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and harmful fungi. LGEO from SD and MAHD extraction (30 mg/mL) demonstrated disc diffusion assay antibacterial efficacy against microorganisms. The two extracts effectively inhibited microorganisms with MIC values of 3.75 and 7.5 μg/mL. It can be concluded that, LGEO have greater antimicrobial activity in MAHD extraction.
Does Cathodal Preconditioning Enhance the Effects of Subsequent Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability and Grip Strength?
Authors: Lewis Aidan , Rattray Ben , Flood Andrew
Published: September 2024

Lewis, A, Rattray, B, and Flood, A. Does cathodal preconditioning enhance the effects of subsequent anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on corticospinal excitability and grip strength? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Inconsistent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on corticospinal excitability (CSE) and exercise performance are commonly reported. Cathodal preconditioning, involving cathodal tDCS delivered before anodal tDCS over the same region, may enhance changes in CSE and exercise beyond that resulting from anodal tDCS alone. This study aimed to investigate whether the effects of anodal tDCS on CSE and isometric grip strength can be enhanced by cathodal preconditioning. Thirty-five healthy subjects aged 19–37 years completed a familiarization session followed by 4 stimulation conditions presented in a randomized cross-over design across 4 separate sessions. tDCS doses were applied at 2 mA over the primary motor cortex for 10 minutes. Corticospinal excitability was assessed using 120% of resting motor threshold and an input/output curve of motor evoked potentials of the first dorsal interosseous. Grip strength was evaluated as time to exhaustion (TTE) in a sustained isometric contraction. Relative to conventional sham stimulation, TTE was significantly increased by 15% after conventional anodal tDCS. Corticospinal excitability increased in response to tDCS, but this effect did not differ across conditions. Cathodal preconditioning before anodal stimulation did not increase CSE or grip strength beyond that seen in the other stimulation conditions. Our findings did not reveal any significant impact of stimulation type on CSE. Notably, anodal tDCS led to a significant improvement in grip strength endurance. However, cathodal preconditioning did not seem to increase the effect of subsequent anodal stimulation on CSE nor grip strength.
The Hippocampus Preorders Movements for Skilled Action Sequences
Authors: Yewbrey Rhys , Kornysheva Katja
Published: September 2024

Plasticity in the subcortical motor basal ganglia–thalamo–cerebellar network plays a key role in the acquisition and control of long-term memory for new procedural skills, from the formation of population trajectories controlling trained motor skills in the striatum to the adaptation of sensorimotor maps in the cerebellum. However, recent findings demonstrate the involvement of a wider cortical and subcortical brain network in the consolidation and control of well-trained actions, including a brain region traditionally associated with declarative memory—the hippocampus. Here, we probe which role these subcortical areas play in skilled motor sequence control, from sequence feature selection during planning to their integration during sequence execution. An fMRI dataset (
N
 = 24; 14 females) collected after participants learnt to produce four finger press sequences entirely from memory with high movement and timing accuracy over several days was examined for both changes in BOLD activity and their informational content in subcortical regions of interest. Although there was a widespread activity increase in effector-related striatal, thalamic, and cerebellar regions, in particular during sequence execution, the associated activity did not contain information on the motor sequence identity. In contrast, hippocampal activity increased during planning and predicted the order of the upcoming sequence of movements. Our findings suggest that the hippocampus preorders movements for skilled action sequences, thus contributing to the higher-order control of skilled movements that require flexible retrieval. These findings challenge the traditional taxonomy of episodic and procedural memory and carry implications for the rehabilitation of individuals with neurodegenerative disorders.
Freski w cerkwi św. Gabriela Monasteru Narodzenia NMP w Zwierkach: próba systematyki
Authors:   Wydział Architektury, Politechnika Białostocka, Polska, Musiuk Tomasz
Published: September 2024

Frescoes in Orthodox churches are indispensable element that has accompanied the Orthodox for many years. The first iconographic representations appeared in the early centuries of Christianity. Over time, after the legalization of the religion, Byzantine iconography began to gradually develop. It was from these regions, thanks to the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius, and ultimately after the baptism of Rus', that it reached the Slavic lands and today's Podlasie region. Near Białystok, there is the Monastery of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Zwierki, which is one of the relatively young monastic communities in Poland. This place serves as a pilgrimage destination as well as a sanctuary for the relics of St. Martyr Gabriel of Zabłudów. The main church of the monastery, dedicated to the local saint, has a unique and incredibly rich iconographic scheme of frescoes. These frescoes refer to the life of the saint and depict many contemporary saints, as well as scenes from the life of the Patroness of the monastery. The style itself refers to the old-Russian style, allowing us to feel the spirit of ancient temples. This work describes and systematizes the frescoes of the temple in detail to deepen their understanding and examination, as well as to catalog them for future use in scientific research.
IMPORTANCE OF CHARACTERISTICS IN WHITE AÇAÍ (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) PROGENIES BY MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Authors: Yokomizo Gilberto Ken Iti , Matos Ana Késsia Freitas de , Hongyu Kuang , Oliveira Maria do Socorro Padilha de , Santos Eneas Correa dos
Published: September 2024

The açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has an ethno-variety white characterized by the absence of anthocyanin in its epicarp, differing from violet açai. White ethno-variety is under strong anthropic pressure, which can lead to genetic erosion. Studies with white açaí that allow the selection of possible cultivars to stimulate their cultivation are scarce. Therefore, this work aimed to verify which characteristics best discriminate selected progenies of white açaí. The experiment contains 52 progenies installed, in a completely randomized design, with ten replications of one plant per plot in a lowland area belonging to Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. The characteristics evaluated were total bunch eight (PTC) in kilogram; fruit weight per bunch (PFC) in kilogram; fruit yield per bunch (RFC) in %; one hundred fruit weight (PCF) in grams; rachillas number per bunch (NRC); and rachilla length in the bunch (CRC), in centimeter. The conclusions are that there exists a correlation between the characteristics in different intensities through multivariate analysis; the Box Plot indicates that the plants respond to the annual water quantity specifically in the characteristics PTC, CRC, and PFC; for the ADC, the characteristics with the greatest contribution to the variance are PTC, CRC and PFC, being similar for the ACP mainly in the PTC and PFC characteristics; by the canonical Biplot the characteristics PTC, PFC, CRC and NRC are preferentially evaluated, discarding RFC and PCF, reducing the effort to be effective.
EL ENSAMBLE ZOOPLANCTÓNICO DE UN EMBALSE ALTOANDINO TROPICAL. EMBALSE LA GARCÍA (ANTIOQUIA-COLOMBIA)
Authors: Jaramillo-Londoño Juan Carlos
Published: September 2024

Este es el primer estudio relacionado con el ensamble zooplanctónico en el embalse La García, un embalse altoandino ecuatorial localizado en la región central del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). El objetivo principal del trabajo fue conocer la composición y abundancia del ensamble zooplanctónico en el embalse y establecer si existe alguna relación entre éstas, y las variables físicas y químicas medidas. Mensualmente, entre junio y septiembre de 2014, en tres localidades se tomaron muestras a cinco profundidades con la ayuda de una botella muestreadora (10 L de capacidad). El material recogido fue filtrado a través de una red de plancton de 30 micras de ojo de malla, identificado y contado bajo microscopio invertido empleando una celda de recuento de Sedgwick-Rafter. De todas las variables fisicoquímicas las que más influencia ejercieron en el ensamble zooplanctónico fueron la profundidad y la pluviosidad, alcanzando la mayor densidad durante la época más seca, en la estación más somera y con la menor transparencia.
NEW RECORDS OF WATERMITES (HYDRACHNIDIA) COLLECTED FROM MACROPHYTE AND Cladophora sp. IN SOUTH AMERICA
Authors: Fernández Hugo Rafael , González Achem Ana Lucia
Published: September 2024

Aquatic mites show a great morphological variability and inhabit a great diversity of freshwater habitats, especially taking advantage of the complexity of resources provided by South American aquatic plants. The relevance of aquatic mites in a microhabitat not studied so far about Amazonian macrophyte plants and Andean filamentous algae is analyzed. A new species of aquatic mite is described, and with it, the genus Piona and Arrenurus amazonicus are recorded for the first time in Colombian rivers; new records of Sperchon neotropicus associated with Cladophora sp. in the Andean subtropical zone of Argentina and Bolivia are reported. The functional classification proposed by Fernández and Fossati-Gaschignard for aquatic mites with their lifestyle and habitat preferences is contrasted and geographically expanded. Contributions such as this one to the knowledge of new species, biological data, and new localities of aquatic organisms are the basis of the urgent agenda of world biodiversity.
PREVALENCIA E INTENSIDAD DE PARÁSITOS INTESTINALES EN AVES PSITACIFORMES EN CONDICIONES DE CAUTIVERIO DE YUCATÁN, MÉXICO
Authors: Rodríguez-Vivas Roger Iván , Mukul-Yerves José Manuel , Castillo-Tujillo Omar Orlando , Flota-Burgos Gabriela Janett
Published: September 2024

El estudio tuvo como objetivos identificar las especies de aves psitaciformes mantenidas en cautiverio como animales de compañía y ornato en Yucatán, México, así como estimar la prevalencia e intensidad de los parásitos intestinales que las afectan. Se estudiaron 16 especies de psitaciformes pertenecientes a 11 géneros, de las cuales tres especies se distribuyen localmente (Amazona albifrons, Amazona xantholora y Eupsittula nana astec), dos son introducidas (Amazona autumnalis y Amazona oratrix) y 11 son exóticas (Agapornis sp., Amazona auropalliata, Amazona farinosa, Aratinga solstitialis, Barnardius zonaris, Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae, Melopsittacus undulatus, Neophema bourkii, Nymphicus hollandicus, Psephotus sp. y Psittacula krameri) para el estado de Yucatán, México. Se obtuvieron 84 muestras de heces y se procesaron mediante flotación centrifugada y McMaster. Se estimó una prevalencia de 14,28 % de aves con parásitos intestinales, reportando la presencia de los nematodos Ascaridia spp. (33,3 %), Capillaria spp. (16,6 %) y Heterakis spp. (16,6 %), cestodos Hymenolepis spp. (16,6 %) y Raillietina spp. (8,3 %) y el protozoo Eimeria spp. (16,6 %). La intensidad de huevos y ooquistes por gramo de heces (h/gh y ooq/gh) fue de <50 a 600, observándose intensidades altas sólo en especies exóticas como B. zonaris y C. novaezelandiae. Se concluye que seis géneros de parásitos intestinales están presentes en psitaciformes de Yucatán, siendo los nematodos los de mayor frecuencia. Las mayores intensidades se presentaron en especies de aves exóticas, siendo necesarios protocolos de desparasitación y cuarentena para prevenir infecciones parasitarias en las aves.
SOIL CORRECTION AND Azospirillum brasilense: STRATEGIES IN THE CULTIVATION OF MAIZE GENOTYPES IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS
Authors: Meneses Francisco Mário Nascimento , Aragão Márcio Facundo , Pompeu Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco , Fernandes Júnior Paulo Ivan , Andrade Hosana Aguiar Freitas de , Souza Henrique Antunes de
Published: September 2024

The replacement of Caatinga by extensive agriculture has led to soil degradation in maize (Zea mays L.) growing areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil correction in association with Azospirillum brasiliense to replace nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the vegetative growth of two maize genotypes cultivated on degraded soil. The soil was collected in an area undergoing desertification in Irauçuba, Ceará state, Brazil. A 2x2x5 factorial experiment was carried out in blocks: two soil fertility levels (corrected and uncorrected soil in terms of fertility), two maize genotypes (BRS Caimbé and BRS Gorutuba), and five nitrogen sources (control, inoculation with A. brasilense, inoculation with A. brasilense + 50 kg ha-1 of N, 50 kg ha-1 of N, and 100 kg ha-1 of N). BRS Gorutuba genotype showed greater adaptability to the growing conditions evaluated. However, macronutrient concentration did not affect maize dry matter yield. The response of maize inoculated with A. brasiliense suggests the inoculation efficacy, supported by the N accumulation and the effect on plant growth. The dry matter yield in A. brasilense inoculated plants was equivalent to using N fertilizer. Therefore, the inoculation of BRS Gorutuba maize grown on degraded soil with A. brasilense is a promising alternative for farmers in semi-arid regions.
NEW GEOGRAPHIC RANGE AND FIRST RECORD OF Seira tinguira (COLLEMBOLA: ENTOMOBRYIDAE) IN A COLONY OF Polistes ferreri (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE)
Authors: Maciel Tatiane Tagliatti , Barbosa Bruno Corrêa , Cipola Nikolas Gioia , Prezoto Fábio
Published: September 2024

The springtail Seira tinguira was observed for the first time in the state of Minas Gerais in a colony of the social wasp Polistes ferreri. The colony was collected in the Botanical Garden of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, a fragment of Montane Seasonal Semideciduous Tropical Forest, located in the urban perimeter of the municipality of Juiz de Fora, southeast of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. These springtails were recorded walking on the inner base of the cells of the nest close to the meconium, which served as the substrate for the Aspergillus sp. hyphomycete fungus. There was no removal or defense behavior against the springtail, however, the wasps occasionally showed alarm behavior, characterized by opening the wings, contracting the abdomen, and actively patrolling the nest.
Termografía infrarroja para medir índice de estrés hídrico en cultivares de palto (Persea americana M.)
Authors: Ramos-Fernández Lia , Galindo-Sánchez Malú Massiel , Núñez-Alfaro Herbert , Espinoza-Núñez Erick , Pino-Vargas Edwin , Del Águila-Ríos Sandra
Published: September 2024

Introducción. El cultivo de palto es susceptible al estrés hídrico, durante la etapa de floración y el crecimiento inicial de los frutos. Este estrés puede ocasionar la caída prematura de los frutos y acentuar la alternancia en la producción. Objetivo. Determinar el índice de estrés hídrico del cultivo (IEHC) en tres cultivares de palto (Hass, Fuerte y Zutano) bajo diferentes condiciones de riego, mediante el empleo de termografía infrarroja. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en la temporada de otoño del 2023, en la Estación Experimental Agraria Canaán, Ayacucho, Perú. Se seleccionaron 170 árboles de palto de cuatro años en fase reproductiva. Se llevaron a cabo cinco evaluaciones bajo diferentes condiciones de riego, donde se recopiló información después de 14 y 7 días sin riego (SR-14d y SR-7d) y 12, 2 y 1 hora posterior al riego (DR-12h, DR-2h y DR-1h, respectivamente). Se registró la temperatura de las hojas (Th), la conductancia estomática (gs), la humedad del suelo (θ) y IEHC. Resultados. Los tres cultivares evaluados en este estudio presentaron diferencias significativas de la Th según manejo del riego. Estas variaciones, influenciadas por la temperatura y humedad ambiental, establecieron umbrales de estrés que definieron el IEHC en un rango de 0,34 a 0,96. Al relacionar el IEHC con la gs y θ se obtuvieron un R de 0,51 y 0,61, respectivamente. El cultivar Zutano mostró el valor más alto de IEHC en períodos prolongados de restricción de riego, pero tuvo una baja capacidad para reducir estos valores tras la rehidratación, a diferencia de los otros cultivares. Conclusiones. La termografía infrarroja es una herramienta crucial para evaluar el estado hídrico y las respuestas de los cultivares de palto a diferentes condiciones de riego y ambiente, con la Th y el IEHC como indicadores que responden a las condiciones ambientales.