bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a 1-year dietary and physical activity intervention of childhood obesity—study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Martikainen A. , Eloranta AM , Schwab U. , Örmälä T.
Published: July 2024

Background

We investigate and try to find out the optimal duration and intensity for the treatment and content useful for clinical work. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of lifestyle intervention on the management of childhood overweight and to explore the factors that contribute to the outcome, as well as the costs for the health care system. The hypotheses of the study are that lifestyle intervention is efficient in reducing BMI-SDS and thus effective in preventing overweight from progressing to obesity, and it is also cost-effective.

Methods and analyses

We aim to recruit 80 children and they randomize either to an intervention group or a control group with standard care. The intervention group receives intensive, family-based diet, and physical activity counseling, delivered by a multidisciplinary team of a pediatrician, a nurse, and a clinical nutritionist. The control group does not receive any lifestyle intervention during the study. The inclusion criteria are age of 6–12 years, weight-for-height ≥  + 40% or ≥  + 30%, and increasing curve. All participants fill out the study questionnaires and plasma samples are taken at baseline and at 12 months. Outcome variables will be compared between intervention and control groups.

Discussion

If the effects of this lifestyle intervention are positive and it is also cost-effective, the implication of our study will be of great importance to the treatment of childhood obesity and to improve the health care system.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06126679. Registered on 25 October 2028 in Finland.

ORCID: 0009-0009-6659-5290.
The effect of prognostic nutritional index on diabetic patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Peng Yanchun , Lin Aijie , Luo Baolin , Chen Liangwan , Lin Yanjuan
Published: July 2024

Background

The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), a simple and comprehensive predictor of nutritional and immunological health, is connected to cancer and cardiovascular disease. The effects of PNI on myocardial infarction (MI) in individuals with diabetes remain unclear. Thus, we aim to investigate the correlation of PNI with predictive outcomes in this specific population group to inform therapeutic decision-making.

Methods

This prospective observational study included 417 diabetic patients with MI who underwent coronary angiography intervention at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from May 2017 to May 2020. We collected follow-up and prognostic data from these patients at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-procedure via outpatient visits or phone interviews. The main focus of the study was on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the two years after surgery. Based on the median PNI, patients were categorized into two groups: high PNI (H-PNI) and low PNI (L-PNI). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25.0. Kalpan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were utilized to examine the associations between preoperative PNI and the prognosis of diabetic patients with MI.

Results

In the study, 417 participants were observed for two years. Of these patients, 159 (38.1%) had MACE. According to the Kaplan–Meier curves, patients in the L-PNI group had more MACE than those in the H-PNI group (log-rank p < 0.001) and had a heightened susceptibility to all categories of MACE. After adjusting for confounding variables, the corrected hazard ratio for developing unstable angina in the L-PNI group was 2.55 (95% CI 1.57–4.14, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Low PNI levels are associated with MACE after coronary angiography intervention in diabetic patients with myocardial infarction. This highlights the prognostic value of PNI and broadens its potential use in larger populations.

Trial registration: Not applicable.
Sex-specific associations of kynurenic acid with neopterin in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Knapskog Anne-Brita , Edwin Trine Holt , Ueland Per Magne , Ulvik Arve , Fang Evandro Fei , Eldholm Rannveig Sakshaug , Halaas Nathalie Bodd , Giil Lasse M. , Saltvedt Ingvild , Watne Leiv Otto , Aksnes Mari
Published: July 2024

Background

Sex differences in neuroinflammation could contribute to women’s increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), providing rationale for exploring sex-specific AD biomarkers. In AD, dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) contributes to neuroinflammation and there is some evidence of sex differences in KP metabolism. However, the sex-specific associations between KP metabolism and biomarkers of AD and neuroinflammation need to be explored further.

Methods

Here we investigate sex differences in cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of seven KP metabolites and sex-specific associations with established AD biomarkers and neopterin, an indicator of neuroinflammation. This study included 311 patients with symptomatic AD and 105 age-matched cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls, followed for up to 5 years.

Results

We found sex differences in KP metabolites in the AD group, with higher levels of most metabolites in men, while there were no sex differences in the CU group. In line with this, more KP metabolites were significantly altered in AD men compared to CU men, and there was a trend in the same direction in AD women. Furthermore, we found sex-specific associations between kynurenic acid and the kynurenic acid/quinolinic acid ratio with neopterin, but no sex differences in the associations between KP metabolites and clinical progression.

Discussion

In our cohort, sex differences in KP metabolites were restricted to AD patients. Our results suggest that dysregulation of the KP due to increased inflammation could contribute to higher AD risk in women.
Scrub typhus with hemorrhagic stroke: a case report
Authors: Bhatta Om Prakash , Chand Sabita , Chand Hemant , Bhetwal Prashant , Awasthi Sachin , Acharya Aruna , Poudel Ram Chandra
Published: July 2024

Background

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, rarely leads to central nervous system involvement. Although intracerebral bleeding is rare due to endemicity and a significant proportion of underdiagnoses, it should be considered a noteworthy differential diagnosis in endemic regions in patients with relevant history and clinical findings.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 40-year-old Nepali woman who visited the emergency department with complaints of left-sided weakness for 6 hours and an acute febrile illness with an eschar for 7 days and was diagnosed with scrub typhus by immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the serum. Imaging revealed a right-sided frontotemporal hematoma, and further examination revealed pulmonary edema with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The patient was mechanically ventilated and was treated with antibiotics, steroids, vasopressors, and antipyretics. However, the hematoma was treated conservatively, with ongoing neurological recovery at the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion

Although neurological complications and intracranial hemorrhage are uncommon, physicians must be cautious when making differential diagnoses and initiating appropriate therapies to avoid serious or fatal complications.
The impact of sex on gene expression in the brain of schizophrenic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies
Authors: Carceller Hector , Hidalgo Marta R. , Escartí María José , Nacher Juan , de la Iglesia-Vayá Maria , García-García Francisco
Published: July 2024

Background

Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by altered perception, mood, and behavior that profoundly impacts patients and society despite its relatively low prevalence. Sex-based differences have been described in schizophrenia epidemiology, symptomatology and outcomes. Different studies explored the impact of schizophrenia in the brain transcriptome, however we lack a consensus transcriptomic profile that considers sex and differentiates specific cerebral regions.

Methods

We performed a systematic review on bulk RNA-sequencing studies of post-mortem brain samples. Then, we fulfilled differential expression analysis on each study and summarized their results with regions-specific meta-analyses (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) and a global all-studies meta-analysis. Finally, we used the consensus transcriptomic profiles to functionally characterize the impact of schizophrenia in males and females by protein-protein interaction networks, enriched biological processes and dysregulated transcription factors.

Results

We discovered the sex-based dysregulation of 265 genes in the prefrontal cortex, 1.414 genes in the hippocampus and 66 genes in the all-studies meta-analyses. The functional characterization of these gene sets unveiled increased processes related to immune response functions in the prefrontal cortex in male and the hippocampus in female schizophrenia patients and the overexpression of genes related to neurotransmission and synapses in the prefrontal cortex of female schizophrenia patients. Considering a meta-analysis of all brain regions available, we encountered the relative overexpression of genes related to synaptic plasticity and transmission in females and the overexpression of genes involved in organizing genetic information and protein folding in male schizophrenia patients. The protein-protein interaction networks and transcription factors activity analyses supported these sex-based profiles.

Conclusions

Our results report multiple sex-based transcriptomic alterations in specific brain regions of schizophrenia patients, which provides new insight into the role of sex in schizophrenia. Moreover, we unveil a partial overlapping of inflammatory processes in the prefrontal cortex of males and the hippocampus of females.
The impact of mobile health interventions on service users’ health outcomes and the role of health professions: a systematic review of systematic reviews—protocol
Authors: Alkhuzaimi Fathiya , Rainey Deborah , Wilson Christine Brown , Bloomfield Jacqueline
Published: July 2024

Background

Mobile health tools have gained prominence in global health care in recent years. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have demonstrated their impact on managing healthcare service users’ health. A pilot search revealed many systematic reviews on the effectiveness of mobile health tools on service users’ health outcomes. However, how the role of healthcare professionals in promoting the adoption of mobile health may lead to improved outcomes needs to be clarified. Therefore, this systematic review aims to synthesise existing systematic reviews that examine both the impact of mobile health interventions on service users’ outcomes and the role of healthcare professionals in facilitating the adoption of mobile health solutions.

Methods

Five electronic databases will be searched: EMBASE, CINHAL Plus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for systematic reviews exploring the impact of mobile health interventions on service users’ outcomes and the role of healthcare professionals in facilitating the adoption of mobile health solutions. Systematic reviews published in English dated from January 2015 to June 2024 will be included. Screening and selection of the reviews against inclusion and exclusion criteria will be performed by three independent reviewers, as well as data extraction and quality assessment.

Discussion

Current systematic reviews in mHealth have primarily focused on assessing the effectiveness of mHealth interventions for managing a range of conditions. While these reviews provide valuable input into the outcomes for mHealth, more is needed to know about the impact of the involvement of health professions on service users’ outcomes when adopting mHealth. This systematic review of systematic reviews aims to bridge this critical gap in the literature by critically appraising and synthesising the evidence of mHealth interventions’ impact on service user outcomes and the level of involvement of health professionals.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD 42023414435.
Ecological momentary assessment and cue-elicited drug craving as primary endpoints: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial testing the efficacy of a GLP-1 receptor agonist in opioid use disorder
Authors: Freet Christopher S. , Evans Brianna , Brick Timothy R. , Deneke Erin , Wasserman Emily J. , Ballard Sarah M. , Stankoski Dean M. , Kong Lan , Raja-Khan Nazia , Nyland Jennifer E. , Arnold Amy C. , Krishnamurthy Venkatesh Basappa , Fernandez-Mendoza Julio , Cleveland H. Harrington , Scioli Adam D. , Molchanow Amanda , Messner Amy E. , Ayaz Hasan , Grigson Patricia S. , Bunce Scott C.
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite continuing advancements in treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD), continued high rates of relapse indicate the need for more effective approaches, including novel pharmacological interventions. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) provide a promising avenue as a non-opioid medication for the treatment of OUD. Whereas GLP-1RAs have shown promise as a treatment for alcohol and nicotine use disorders, to date, no controlled clinical trials have been conducted to determine if a GLP-1RA can reduce craving in individuals with OUD. The purpose of the current protocol was to evaluate the potential for a GLP-1RA, liraglutide, to safely and effectively reduce craving in an OUD population in residential treatment.

Method

This preliminary study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to test the safety and efficacy of the GLP-1RA, liraglutide, in 40 participants in residential treatment for OUD. Along with taking a range of safety measures, efficacy for cue-induced craving was evaluated prior to (Day 1) and following (Day 19) treatment using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in response to a cue reactivity task during functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and for craving. Efficacy of treatment for ambient craving was assessed using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) prior to (Study Day 1), across (Study Days 2–19), and following (Study Days 20–21) residential treatment.

Discussion

This manuscript describes a protocol to collect clinical data on the safety and efficacy of a GLP-1RA, liraglutide, during residential treatment of persons with OUD, laying the groundwork for further evaluation in a larger, outpatient OUD population. Improved understanding of innovative, non-opioid based treatments for OUD will have the potential to inform community-based interventions and health policy, assist physicians and health care professionals in the treatment of persons with OUD, and to support individuals with OUD in their effort to live a healthy life. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04199728. Registered 16 December 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04199728?term=NCT04199728.

Protocol Version

10 May 2023
Decoding single-cell molecular mechanisms in astrocyte-to-iN reprogramming via Ngn2- and Pax6-mediated direct lineage switching
Authors: Qin Rongxing , Zhang Yingdan , Yang Yue , Chen Jiafeng , Huang Lijuan , Xu Wei , Qin Qingchun , Liang Xiaojun , Lai Xinyu , Huang Xiaoying , Xie Minshan , Chen Li
Published: July 2024

Background

The limited regenerative capacity of damaged neurons in adult mammals severely restricts neural repair. Although stem cell transplantation is promising, its clinical application remains challenging. Direct reprogramming, which utilizes cell plasticity to regenerate neurons, is an emerging alternative approach.

Methods

We utilized primary postnatal cortical astrocytes for reprogramming induced neurons (iNs) through the viral-mediated overexpression of the transcription factors Ngn2 and Pax6 (NP). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to enrich successfully transfected cells, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) using the 10 × Genomics platform for comprehensive transcriptomic analysis.

Results

The scRNA-seq revealed that NP overexpression led to the differentiation of astrocytes into iNs, with percentages of 36% and 39.3% on days 4 and 7 posttransduction, respectively. CytoTRACE predicted the developmental sequence, identifying astrocytes as the reprogramming starting point. Trajectory analysis depicted the dynamic changes in gene expression during the astrocyte-to-iN transition.

Conclusions

This study elucidates the molecular dynamics underlying astrocyte reprogramming into iNs, revealing key genes and pathways involved in this process. Our research contributes novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of NP-mediated reprogramming, suggesting avenues for optimizing the efficiency of the reprogramming process.
Comprehensive analysis of root canal morphology in maxillary premolars among the Pakistani subpopulation: a CBCT-based study
Authors: Algarni Hmoud Ali , Alonazi Meshal Aber , Arshad Hamza , Zahra Fatima , Umer Fahad , Maqbool Irfan , Iqbal Azhar , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali
Published: July 2024

Background

Understanding the root canal morphology is essential for the success of root canal treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and analyze the root canal configuration of maxillary premolars using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the Pakistani subpopulation.

Method

This cross-sectional study utilized CBCT scans from two distinct centres: Aga Khan University in Karachi and Jinnah MRI and Body Scans in Lahore. The CBCT images were visualized using GALAXIS version 1.9 (SICAT GmbH and Co. KG, Bonn, Germany), integrated within the Sirona Dental System (D-64625 Bensheim, Germany). The scanning parameters were standardized at 85 kV, 7 mA, with a 15-s exposure time and a voxel size of 0.16 mm. A total of 707 CBCT scans were collected, encompassing 2180 maxillary premolars. Root canal configurations were classified based on (Ahmed et al. Int Endod J. 2017;50(8):761–70). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, employing the Chi-square test with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

Results

The distribution of root canal morphologies varied significantly with age and gender. Among maxillary premolars, 50% exhibited the typical configuration of 2MPMB1 L1 (two roots, single canal in each buccal and lingual root), while 26% of maxillary right second premolars displayed 1MPM1 (one root, one canal). Overall, 1MPM1 accounted for 27.4% of the total cases in the second premolars. There was no statistically significant relationship between age and root canal distribution in either first premolars (p = 0.338) or second premolars (p = 0.833). Regarding gender, a significant difference was observed in the distribution of right maxillary 1st premolars (p = 0.022*), with a higher prevalence among females.

Conclusion

This study offers significant insights into the anatomical variations of root canals in maxillary premolars across diverse regional subpopulations in Pakistan. While specific root canal configurations were prevalent, the findings indicate no statistically significant correlation between age and root canal morphology in maxillary premolars. However, a notable gender disparity was observed in the distribution of the right maxillary first premolars.
The perceived social support of parents having bipolar disorder impacts their children’s mental health: a 10-year longitudinal study
Authors: Trespalacios Florencia , Boyle Ariel , Serravalle Lisa , Hodgins Sheilagh , Ellenbogen Mark A.
Published: July 2024

Background

The offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OBD) are at higher risk of developing psychopathology than the offspring of parents with no affective disorder (control). In addition to genetic predisposition, childhood adversity and a stressful family environment are important risk factors for the OBD. Protective factors in parents, such as social support and coping strategies, may buffer the effects of stress on at-risk children. This study tested whether parents’ social support and coping style attenuated the link between risk status (OBD vs. control) and psychopathology in offspring.

Methods

During offspring’s middle childhood, parents underwent a diagnostic interview and completed social support and coping style questionnaires. Sixty-nine OBD (39 female) and 69 control (29 female) offspring between ages 13 and 29 completed a diagnostic interview approximately 10 years later.

Results

Parents’ social support satisfaction moderated the link between offspring risk status and their development of substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms (F(1,131) = 5.90, p = .017). Parents’ social network size moderated the link between offspring risk status and their development of anxiety and depression symptoms in an unexpected direction (F(1,131) = 5.07, p = .026). No effects of parents’ coping style were found.

Conclusions

Among the OBD, having parents with greater social support satisfaction and, unexpectedly, a smaller social network buffered their development of SUD and depression and anxiety symptoms by early adulthood. Parents’ social support may thus have a protective function for children in these high-risk families.
A fungus-based soil improvement using Rhizopus oryzae inoculum
Authors: Jerez Lazo Cristian , Lee Nathan , Tripathi Priya , Joykutty Leya , Jayachandran Krishnaswamy , Lee Seung Jae
Published: July 2024

This study demonstrates the efficacy of employing Rhizopus oryzae fungus inoculum as a potential solution to improve soil erodibility in coastal environments. A set of unconfined compression tests is conducted on Miami Beach sand treated with a R. oryzae inoculum. Our findings suggest that the R. oryzae fungus inoculum effectively improves the stability of sand by acting as a natural binding agent. This finding aligns with previous studies that utilized different Rhizopus species, such as Rhizopus oligosporus, to improve sand properties. However, a notable difference is observed; the R. oryzae-treated sand exhibits remarkable durability, maintaining significant strength over an extended period without water or dietary supply. The durability is likely attributable to the morphological characteristics of R. oryzae that extensively branches its mycelial network. This paper shares the new discovery to the bio-geotechnics research community, potentially allowing for the customization of soil improvement process by choosing between the fast-acting R. oligosporus and the longer-lasting R. oryzae.
Distinct changes in tomato-associated multi-kingdom microbiomes during Meloidogyne incognita parasitism
Authors: Kudjordjie Enoch Narh , Santos Susana S , Topalović Olivera , Vestergård Mette
Published: July 2024

Background

The interplay between root-knot nematode (RKN) parasitism and the complex web of host-associated microbiota has been recognized as pivotal for effective management of the pest. However, studies assessing this relationship have focussed on the bacterial and fungal communities, neglecting the unicellular eukaryotic members. Here, we employed amplicon sequencing analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA, fungal ITS and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes, and comprehensively examined how the microbiome composition, diversity and networking developed with time in the rhizospheres and roots of RKN-inoculated and non-inoculated tomato plants.

Results

As expected, infection with the RKN Meloidogyne incognita decreased plant growth. At individual timepoints, we found distinct bacterial, fungal and eukaryote community structures in the RKN-inoculated and non-inoculated rhizospheres and roots, and RKN inoculation affected several taxa in the root-associated microbiome differentially. Correlation analysis revealed several bacterial and fungal and few protist taxa that correlated negatively or positively with M. incognita. Moreover, network analysis using bacterial, fungal and eukaryotic data revealed more dynamic networks with higher robustness to disturbances in the RKN-inoculated than in the non-inoculated rhizospheres/roots. Hub taxa displayed a noticeable successional pattern that coincided with different phases of M. incognita parasitism. We found that fungal hubs had strong negative correlations with bacteria and eukaryotes, while positive correlations characterized hub members within individual kingdoms.

Conclusion

Our results reveal dynamic tomato-associated microbiomes that develop along different trajectories in plants suffering M. incognita infestation and non-infested plants. Overall, the results identify stronger associations between RKN and bacterial and fungal taxa than between eukaryotic taxa and RKN, suggesting that fungal and bacterial communities could play a larger role in the regulation of RKN. The study identifies several putative RKN-antagonistic bacterial and fungal taxa and confirms the antagonistic potential previously identified in other taxa.
Evaluating the value of individualized 3D printed models for examination, diagnosis and treatment planning of cervical cancer
Authors: Scherer-Quenzer Anne Cathrine , Beyers Inga , Kalisz Adam , Sauer Stephanie Tina , Zimmermann Marcus , Wöckel Achim , Polat Bülent , Schlaiss Tanja , Schelbert Selina , Kiesel Matthias
Published: July 2024

Background

3D printing holds great potential of improving examination, diagnosis and treatment planning as well as interprofessional communication in the field of gynecological oncology. In the current manuscript we evaluated five individualized, patient-specific models of cervical cancer FIGO Stage I-III, created with 3D printing, concerning their value for translational oncology.

Methods

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis was performed on a 3.0 Tesla MRI, including a T2-weighted isotropic 3D sequence. The MRI images were segmented and transferred to virtual 3D models via a custom-built 3D-model generation pipeline and printed by material extrusion. The 3D models were evaluated by all medical specialties involved in patient care of cervical cancer, namely surgeons, radiologists, pathologists and radiation oncologists. Information was obtained from evaluated profession-specific questionnaires which were filled out after inspecting all five models. The questionnaires included multiple-select questions, questions based on Likert scales (1 = „strongly disagree “ or „not at all useful “ up to 5 = „strongly agree “ or „extremely useful “) and dichotomous questions (“Yes” or “No”).

Results

Surgeons rated the models as useful during surgery (4.0 out of 5) and for patient communication (4.7 out of 5). Furthermore, they believed that the models had the potential to revise the patients’ treatment plan (3.7 out of 5). Pathologists evaluated with mean ratings of 3.0 out of 5 for the usefulness of the models in diagnostic reporting and macroscopic evaluation. Radiologist acknowledged the possibility of providing additional information compared to imaging alone (3.7 out of 5). Radiation oncologists strongly supported the concept by rating the models highly for understanding patient-specific pathological characteristics (4.3 out of 5), assisting interprofessional communication (mean 4.3 out of 5) and communication with patients (4.7 out of 5). They also found the models useful for improving radiotherapy treatment planning (4.3 out of 5).

Conclusion

The study revealed that the 3D printed models were generally well-received by all medical disciplines, with radiation oncologists showing particularly strong support. Addressing the concerns and tailoring the use of 3D models to the specific needs of each medical speciality will be essential for realizing their full potential in clinical practice.
Computational analysis of the divergent neurotranscriptomic signatures of major depression and suicidality
Authors: Nishanth M. J. , Karthick S. Sai , Jha Shanker
Published: July 2024

Background

Suicide is a leading cause of death globally. Identifying individuals at higher suicidal risk is a key to suicide prevention. Patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders, especially major depressive disorder (MDD), are known to be highly prone to suicidality. However, the behavioural manifestations of MDD and suicidality are distinct, indicating potentially unique molecular underpinnings, of which our current understanding is limited. Delineating the unique and shared molecular etiologies of MDD and suicidality would be imperative to devise effective treatment strategies for suicidal behaviour. To this end, we analysed the existing literature pertaining to transcriptomic alterations in brain samples of individuals who died from MDD or by suicide. Subsequently, biological processes associated with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. In addition, we also examined the transcriptional regulators (TRs) potentially driving cortical gene expression changes in MDD and suicidality.

Results

A set of immunological genes was found to be commonly upregulated in MDD but downregulated in suicide. Actin and cytoskeleton organization genes also had a similar trend. In addition, MDD-upregulated and suicide-downregulated genes were found to have overrepresented target sites for 40 TRs associated with epigenetic as well as polymerase-mediated regulation. Any variations in the levels of these TRs could be of behavioural consequence in MDD and suicidality.

Conclusions

A clear understanding of the condition-specific neurotranscriptomic differences in MDD and suicidality would be valuable in order to delineate the biological mechanisms underlying these conditions. Importantly, it would provide insights into more effective treatment strategies for suicidality among individuals with or without MDD. However, we have yet to determine the molecular basis of suicidality in the context of MDD and as a standalone mental condition. In this regard, the present findings would be of scientific and clinical relevance and could stimulate further research.
Novel single nucleotide polymorphism G216A of hormone-sensitive lipase gene associated with Awassi sheep reproduction
Authors: Mohammed Suroor H. , Al-Thuwaini Tahreer M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Litter size plays a crucial role in determining profitability in the sheep industry. Breeding sheep with high litter sizes could be enhanced by selecting candidate genes. One gene affecting sheep's reproductive performance is the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) gene. As a result, this study investigated whether the HSL gene variation influenced the fertility of Awassi ewes. The genomic DNA was extracted from 52 singleton ewes and 48 twin ewes. The HSL gene exon 9 (278 bp) was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results

Study results revealed two genotypes identified in the 278-bp amplicons: GG and GA. Molecular sequence analysis identified a novel mutation in the GA genotype 216G > A. The statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 216A > G and reproductive performance. Ewes with the SNP 216G > A genotype exhibited significantly increased litter sizes, twinning rates, lambing rates, and fewer days to lambing compared to ewes with GG genotypes (P ≤ 0.05). The logistic regression analysis results provided strong evidence that the 216G > A mutation significantly increased litter sizes.

Conclusions

This study concluded that variant 216G > A SNP positively impacts Awassi sheep reproduction. There is a higher litter size and more prolificacy in ewes with the 216G > A SNP than in those without the SNP.
How HR analytics evolved over time: a bibliometric analysis on Scopus database
Authors: Sakib Md. Nazmus , Chowdhury Shah Ridwan , Younus Mohammad , Sanju Nehad Laila , Satata Farhana Foysal , Islam Mahafuza
Published: July 2024

Over the last decade, human resource (HR) analytics has been widely discussed in the landscape of human resource management due to its dynamic capacity to transform into a data-driven decision-making system for optimizing workforce management. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive summary of the emerging trends and themes of HR analytics drawn from previous literature and offer valuable insight into academia, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. This paper employs a bibliometric methodology while using RStudio, Biblioshiny, and VOSviewer tools to collect and analyze 102 articles from the Scopus database from January 2008 to September 2023. The findings of the paper reveal current state-of-the-art research in the HR analytics domain while exploring key themes and areas for further study. This study offers practical guidelines for policymakers and contributes to the existing knowledge domain of HR analytics.
Enhancing crop productivity and its economic farm profitabilty of smallholder farmer through the use of green manures from
Alnus acuminata
Authors: Musana Bernard Segatagara , Nabahungu Nsharwasi Léon , Bucagu Charles , Mukuralinda Athanase , Barrios Edmundo , Rutebuka Jules , Nyaga John , Muthuri Catherine Wangari
Published: July 2024

Decline in soil fertility is a major threat to land productivity and food security in the East African highlands. This calls for the application of nutrient inputs to improve crop productivity. A study was conducted in Nyabihu District of Rwanda from 2013 to 2016 to assess the effect of
Alnus acuminata
green manure (AGM)─applied in situ, through biomass alone, or combined with inorganic fertilizer─on the productivity and profitability of maize (
Zea mays
), beans (
Phaseolus vulgaris
), and potato (
Solanum tuberosum
). The treatments included application of AGM, inorganic fertilizer, combination of AGM and inorganic fertilizer, and unfertilized plot as a control (except for potato). These treatments were compared in two seasons and on two local soil fertility levels (medium and high) as defined by the farmer’s knowledge and experience. There was a convergence between farmers’ criteria and soil analysis in the soil fertility evaluation. Crops yields were analyzed using a linear mixed model while for other parameters, descriptive statistics were applied. The combination of AGM and inorganic fertilizer recorded the highest increment in maize (44%) and bean (46%) yields compared with inorganic fertilizer while it increased up to 87% compared with the unfertilized control. The financial analysis showed that AGM + inorganic fertilizer recorded the highest value-to-cost ratio (VCR) of 24.6 for potato and a significantly lower VCR (2.9) for maize and beans. The high VCR highlights a significant potential contribution of AGM + inorganic fertilizer to increase incomes of resource-constrained potato farmers in the Rwandan highlands. However, low crop prices possibly make this practice less attractive for those cultivating maize and beans.
Reclaiming urban lost spaces around elevated urban linkages: the case of El Sawy Cultural Wheel, Egypt
Authors: Nasr Ahmed , El Temsahi Ola , Sarhan Alaa El Din
Published: July 2024

In recent times, elevated urban linkages (EULs) have emerged as crucial components of urban development, cutting through the cities’ urban fabric to accommodate the rapid expansion of urban cores and to facilitate traffic flow. However, these massive infrastructures have inadvertently given rise to urban lost spaces—vacant, inefficient areas within the urban fabric. Recognizing these lost spaces as untapped public assets, the paper explores sustainable development strategies to reclaim them into the urban fabric, transforming them into vibrant, multi-functional public spaces. The paper aims to achieve a set of urban design guidelines for rehabilitation design interventions which will be deduced into a comprehensive framework. This framework encompasses criteria for selecting appropriate approaches and types of rehabilitation design interventions, as well as design principles ensuring the desirability of the reclaimed space. The paper applies this framework to assess the El Sawy Cultural Wheel in Egypt, revealing it as a successful example of a reclaimed space. While positive aspects of rehabilitation design interventions are evident in terms of the approach and type of intervention in this case study, there are identified areas with shortcomings in fully implementing the design principles, if enhanced, could elevate the overall quality of the reclaimed space.
High-throughput Screening for Cushing Disease: Therapeutic Potential of Thiostrepton via Cell Cycle Regulation
Authors: Hakata Takuro , Yamauchi Ichiro , Kosugi Daisuke , Sugawa Taku , Fujita Haruka , Okamoto Kentaro , Ueda Yohei , Fujii Toshihito , Taura Daisuke , Inagaki Nobuya
Published: July 2024

Cushing disease is a life-threatening disorder caused by autonomous secretion of ACTH from pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). Few drugs are indicated for inoperative Cushing disease, in particular that due to aggressive PitNETs. To explore agents that regulate ACTH-secreting PitNETs, we conducted high-throughput screening (HTS) using AtT-20, a murine pituitary tumor cell line characterized by ACTH secretion. For the HTS, we constructed a live cell–based ACTH reporter assay for high-throughput evaluation of ACTH changes. This assay was based on HEK293T cells overexpressing components of the ACTH receptor and a fluorescent cAMP biosensor, with high-throughput acquisition of fluorescence images. We treated AtT-20 cells with compounds and assessed ACTH concentrations in the conditioned media using the reporter assay. Of 2480 screened bioactive compounds, over 50% inhibition of ACTH secreted from AtT-20 cells was seen with 84 compounds at 10 μM and 20 compounds at 1 μM. Among these hit compounds, we focused on thiostrepton (TS) and determined its antitumor effects in both in vitro and in vivo xenograft models of Cushing disease. Transcriptome and flow cytometry analyses revealed that TS administration induced AtT-20 cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, which was mediated by FOXM1-independent mechanisms including downregulation of cyclins. Simultaneous TS administration with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor that affected the cell cycle at the G0/1 phase showed cooperative antitumor effects. Thus, TS is a promising therapeutic agent for Cushing disease. Our list of hit compounds and new mechanistic insights into TS effects serve as a valuable foundation for future research.
Distinct Indications for Adjuvant Therapy in Resected Invasive Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas Compared with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wong Paul , Pollini Tommaso , Adam Mohamed A. , Alseidi Adnan , Corvera Carlos U. , Hirose Kenzo , Kirkwood Kimberly S. , Nakakura Eric K. , Thornblade Lucas , Maker Ajay V.
Published: July 2024

Background

Surgical and adjuvant management of mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) lacks formal guidelines and data is limited to institutional studies. Factors associated with receipt of adjuvant therapy and any associated impact on survival remain to be clarified. In the absence of other data, guidelines that recommend adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma have been extrapolated to MCN.

Patients and Methods

The National Cancer Database (2004–2019) was utilized to identify all patients that underwent pancreatic resection for invasive MCNs. Patients that received neoadjuvant therapy or did not undergo lymphadenectomy were excluded. Patient, tumor, and treatment factors associated with survival were assessed.

Results

For 161 patients with invasive MCN, median overall survival (OS) was 133 months and 45% of patients received adjuvant therapy. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that poorly differentiated tumors [odds ratio (OR) 4.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47–11.98; p = 0.008] and positive lymph node status (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.02–6.98; p = 0.042) were independent predictors of receiving adjuvant therapy. Lymph node positivity [hazard ratio (HR) 2.90, 95% CI 1.47–5.73; p = 0.002], positive margins (HR 5.28, 95% CI 2.28–12.27; p < 0.001), and stage III disease (HR 12.46, 95% CI 1.40–111.05; p = 0.024) were associated with worse OS. Receipt of adjuvant systemic therapy was independently associated with decreased risk of mortality in node positive patients (HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10–0.69; p = 0.002). Survival was not associated with adjuvant therapy in patients with negative lymph nodes or margin negative status.

Conclusion

In contrast to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), where adjuvant therapy improves OS for every tumor stage, surgery alone for invasive MCN is not associated with improved OS compared with surgery plus adjuvant therapy in node-negative patients. Surgery alone is likely sufficient for a subset of invasive MCN.
COVID-19 and the need for special care for women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Alrubasy Warda A. , Sameer Shams Khalid , Taha Mohammad J. J. , Abuawwad Mohammad T. , Abu-Zeinh Abdalla , Mahmood Marwa , Humeidan Hebatullah , Taha Ahmad J. , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: July 2024

Objective The study investigates the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and assess whether women with PCOS are at a higher susceptibility and risk for COVID-19 complications. Methods This review analyzes articles indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library, focusing on the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 1, 2019, until November 1, 2022. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the NIH quality assessment tool. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023371956) on January 12, 2023. Results A total of 11 observational studies were identified, totaling 22,155 PCOS patients. Despite the heterogeneity of the included studies, the findings of most of the studies were similar in terms of increased susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection in PCOS patients. PCOS patients were reported to have a 51% higher risk of COVID-19 infection than non-PCOS women (HR =1.51). Many causes have been identified to play a role, most notably the overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and elevated levels of RAS-associated proteins, decreased serum levels of neuropilin-1 (sNRP1), elevated serum biomarkers such as platelet degranulation and coagulation cascade markers increased acute phase response, and lower levels of vitamin D could render PCOS patients susceptible to a chronic inflammatory state, which can also lead to difficulties and severe consequences, when impacted by COVID-19. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic also influenced psychological well-being, with an increase in the incidence and severity of depression and anxiety among PCOS patients in the COVID-19 pandemic era compared to healthy individuals. Conclusions Patients with PCOS are more likely to get infected with COVID-19 and display a higher affinity to severe infections and complications due to overlapping and confounding factors. These findings suggest that PCOS patients may need more medical attention when infected with COVID-19.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE STRATEGY OF GLOBAL AIR FILTER MANUFACTURERS
Authors: Rudenko Maksim V.
Published: July 2024

The production of air filters is strategically important not only for the health and safety of consumers, but also for the efficient operation of industrial equipment. Based on the experience of global manufacturers, the article examines the main directions of the image strategy of leading companies in this field. Successful practices in marketing, branding and customer relations are identified that help strengthen companies' position in the air filter market. The findings may be useful for developing strategies to gain competitive advantage and improve customer relationships in the industry.
Purpose: analysis of successful image strategies of global air filter manufacturers.
Methodology: compiled a set of research methods, in particular such as: data collection, literature review and market analysis, formal logical, statistical, etc.
Results. The main directions of the image strategy of the world's leading manufacturers of air filters related to product quality, innovative technologies, and service were considered. Attention is focused on the importance of these elements in a highly competitive market.
Scope of application of the results. The results of this work can be applied in organizing the image strategy of a domestic manufacturer of air filters.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CORPORATE REVENUE MANAGEMENT: PROBLEMS OF MUTUAL INFLUENCE
Authors: Chernyakova Maria M. , Guslyakov Matvey S.
Published: July 2024

Corporate social responsibility is becoming increasingly important to the modern organization as customers, employees and other stakeholders demand greater flexibility, transparency and accountability from companies. However, companies have as their main goal an increase in the capital of their owners. Under these conditions, measures to ensure corporate social responsibility are appropriate only if they contribute to the solution of this main task.
Purpose of the work: to conduct a study of the influence of corporate social responsibility on revenue management in an organization, and also to identify whether they are interdependent.
Research method: analytical methods were used in the research process.
Results. The results indicate that companies with high corporate social responsibility scores are more likely to have effective earnings management practices. This is due to the fact that corporate social responsibility helps companies create long-term relationships with customers, improve brand reputation, and attract and retain talented employees. All of these factors can positively impact revenue management.
Scope of results: The article offers a number of recommendations for company managers who want to improve corporate social responsibility and revenue management in their organizations. This includes investing in sustainable initiatives, establishing clear ethical standards and disclosing corporate social responsibility practices.
MODERN TRANSPORTATION MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS: IMPACT ON CULTURAL CAPITAL, ECONOMY AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Makarov Oleg N. , Abduryakhimova Elvira B.
Published: July 2024

Multi-agent transport systems represent a convergence of diverse technologies, with the Internet of Things (IoT) serving as a foundational enabler for data orchestration. IoT facilitates seamless integration across networks, devices, and infrastructure, heralding an era where connectivity transcends human-human interactions to encompass interactions between objects and systems. Within IoT-enabled transport ecosystems, physical components become sentient through embedded sensors, perpetually generating vast data streams capturing real-world dynamics. This data deluge holds profound potential for optimizing operations, enhancing efficiencies, and augmenting societal convenience. Harnessing these data insights is imperative for catalyzing economic and policy shifts towards sustainable mobility paradigms that harmonize growth and societal benefit. IoT integration presents opportunities for innovative business models and technological advancements reshaping the transportation landscape.
The purpose is to formulate comprehensive proposals for improving the traffic flow management model of a modern agglomeration based on "live" data.
The method and methodology of the work. The article used methods of induction, analysis, synthesis and abstraction; scientific and theoretical method; method of research and comparison.
Results. The findings prove that sustainable development processes directly correlate with implementing transportation projects, exerting a multiplicative effect across related industries through optimized accessibility and logistics. Consequently, transport infrastructure quality improves from reduced operational costs, making adopting new sustainable transportation modes economically viable for the broader economy.
Scope of application of the results. It is advisable to apply the results obtained in the field of public administration, economic entities of transport and logistics activities.
Editorial
Authors: Dudek Dominika , Sobański Jerzy A. , Klasa Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

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