bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What are family member experiences of the resuscitation of a relative?
Authors: Nevins Mark
Published: June 2016

This study aimed to gain insight into the feelings and perceptions of family members who witness an adult family member resuscitation. Little is known about family members' experiences and their needs and priorities. Resuscitation is a complex and highly emotive situation but guidance for paramedics to support families either in the decision-making process or to remain present is limited. Policy developments around improved and shared decision making are not evident in any guidance for resuscitation for paramedics. Paramedics have always been involved in resuscitation in the family home, but as they remain on scene for longer periods, it is important that the issue of family participation is addressed and specific guidance produced to enable paramedics to offer more focused and enhanced support to them, and involve the family members in the decision-making process which is a requirement from recent policy developments.
A report on an acute, in-hours, outpatient review clinic with ultrasonography facilities for the early evaluation of general surgical patients
Authors: Pidgeon TE , Shariff U , Devine F , Menon V
Published: June 2016

Introduction

In 2013 our hospital introduced an in-hours, consultant-led, outpatient acute surgical clinic (ASC) for emergency general surgical patients. In 2014 this clinic was equipped with a dedicated ultrasonography service. This prospective cohort study evaluated this service before and after the introduction of ultrasonography facilities.

Methods

Data were recorded prospectively for all patients attending the clinic during 2013 and 2014. The primary outcome was patient destination (whether there was follow-up/admission) after clinic attendance.

Results

The ASC reviewed patients with a wide age range and array of general surgical complaints. In 2013, 186 patients attended the ASC. After the introduction of the ultrasonography service in 2014, 304 patients attended. In 2014, there was a reduction in the proportion of patients admitted to hospital from the clinic (18.3% vs 8.9%, p=0.002). However, the proportion of patients discharged after ASC review remained comparable with 2013 (30.1% in 2013 vs 38.8% in 2014, p=0.051). The proportion of patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) scans also fell (14.0% vs 4.9%, p<0.001).

Conclusions

The ASC assessed a wide array of general surgical complaints. Only a small proportion required hospital admission. The introduction of an ultrasonography service was associated with a further reduction in admission rates and computed tomography.
Surgery in the older person: Training needs for the provision of multidisciplinary care
Authors: Pearce L , Bunni J , McCarthy K , Hewitt J
Published: June 2016

Introduction

Many older surgical patients are exposed to high risks of morbidity and mortality when undergoing both elective and emergency surgery.

Methods

We provide an overview of perioperative care teams and the educational opportunities available to surgeons who undertake surgery in the older person.

Findings

The number of older people undergoing surgery is increasing at a rate faster than the proportion of older people in the overall population. Management of the older surgical patient throughout the surgical pathway forms part of the Specialty Training Curriculum for Geriatric Medicine. While ‘surgery in childhood’ continues to form part of the general surgical higher training syllabus, surgery in the later years of life does not. There are limited postgraduate courses and training opportunities currently available to surgeons in this field. There is clear societal need to address perioperative care for older surgical patients, which has proved successful in some centers. Moreover, surgical trainees support the inclusion of geriatric medicine issues into their training.

Conclusions

The ageing population requires a multidisciplinary perioperative approach, with dedicated and appropriately trained clinicians and allied health care professionals to improve outcomes.
Modular emergency general surgery training: A pilot study of a novel programme
Authors: Egan RJ , Abdelrahman T , Tate S , Ansell J , Harries R , Davies L , Clark GWB , Lewis WG
Published: June 2016

Introduction

Pan-speciality consensus guidance advocates mandatory emergency general surgery (EGS) training modules for specialist registrars (StRs). This pilot study evaluated the impact of EGS modules aimed at StRs over 1 year.

Methods

Eleven StRs were allocated a focused 4-week EGS module, in addition to the standard 1:12 on-call duty rota, in a tertiary surgical centre. Primary outcome measures included the number of indicative emergency operations and validated Procedure Based Assessments (PBAs) performed, both during the EGS module and over the training year.

Results

StRs performed a median of 11 (range 5–15) laparotomies during the EGS module versus 31 (range 9-49) over the whole training year. StRs attended 43.7% of available laparotomies during the module (range 24.1–63.7%). EGS modules provided more than one-third of the total emergency laparotomy experience, and a quarter of the emergency colectomy, appendicectomy and Hartmann’s procedure experience. There were no differences in EGS module-related outcomes between junior and senior StRs. Significantly more PBAs related to laparotomy and segmental colectomy were completed during EGS modules than the on-call duty rota, at 32% versus 14% (p<0.001) and 48% versus 22% (p=0.019), respectively. Performance levels were maintained following module completion.

Conclusions

These findings provide an important baseline when considering future modular EGS training.
Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Among People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Magaña Sandra , Parish Susan , Morales Miguel A. , Li Henan , Fujiura Glenn
Published: June 2016

Racial and ethnic health disparities are a pervasive public health problem. Emerging research finds similar health disparities among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) compared to nondisabled adults. However, few studies have examined racial and ethnic health disparities among adults with IDD. Using national data, we examined racial and ethnic disparities in health status among adults with IDD, and investigated differences in health status between adults with IDD and nondisabled adults within each racial and ethnic group. We found that Latino and Black adults with IDD had worse health outcomes compared to White adults with IDD, and Latino and Black adults with IDD had worse health outcomes than nondisabled adults from the same racial and ethnic group.
Propertymanagement als Professional Service – Implikationen für die Outsourcing-Praxis
Authors: Lüttringhaus Sigrun
Published: June 2016

Assetmanager, die das Wertsteigerungspotenzial ihrer Immobilienportfolios während der Haltephase nutzen wollen, sind auf ein professionelles Propertymanagement ihrer Liegenschaften angewiesen. Letzteres wird häufig an einen Dienstleister outgesourct mit dem Ziel, Kosten einzusparen. Angestrebt werden insbesondere Skaleneffekte durch den Fremdbezug standardisierter Dienstleistungen, die anhand von zuvor festgelegten Service-Levels in Auftrag gegeben und gemessen werden. Dieser Ansatz greift in den meisten Fällen jedoch zu kurz, da das Propertymanagement eine doppelköpfige Dienstleistung ist, die nicht nur generic services umfasst, sondern aufgrund ihrer Management-Bestandteile vielmehr den Professional Services zuzurechnen ist. Die Propertymanagement-Dienstleistung ist wissenschaftlich bislang kaum erforscht. Diese Lücke sucht der vorliegende Beitrag zu schließen. Ziel ist eine theoretisch fundierte Konzeption des Propertymanagements als Professional Service. In einem ersten Schritt erfolgt eine kurze Erläuterung des Dienstleistungsbegriffes und speziell der Professional Services. Sodann wird das Propertymanagement als Teil des Immobilienmanagements verortet. Im Anschluss wird der Leistungskatalog des Propertymanagements dargestellt, und es erfolgt eine Abgrenzung zur Schwesterdisziplin Facilitymanagement. Schließlich wird die komplexe und personalintensive Propertymanagement-Dienstleistung als Professional Service identifiziert. Diese Klassifizierung hat weitreichende Konsequenzen für den gesamten Prozess des Fremdbezugs der Dienstleistung. Am Ende des Beitrags wird beispielhaft auf die Praxis-Implikationen für das Propertymanagement-Outsourcing und speziell die Partnerwahlphase eingegangen.
Haunted by Queer Affect: Geoffrey Farmer’s The Intellection of Lady Spider House and Allyson Mitchell’s Killjoy’s Kastle
Authors: Clintberg Mark , Davies Jon
Published: June 2016

Recent installation projects by Canadian artists Geoffrey Farmer (The Intellection of Lady Spider House, 2013–14) and Allyson Mitchell (Killjoy’s Kastle, 2013) have taken up the architectural, atmospheric and affective structures of the haunted house. These two projects
suggest distinct environments for working curatorially with queer affect, defined here as the fraught or stigmatized feelings that often adhere to queer experience. While Farmer’s quasi-museological project draws on the archive and the uncanny in its juxtapositions of varied objects
(examined here through camp and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s theories of queer shame), Mitchell’s performative and pedagogical work explicitly employs Sara Ahmed’s concept of the feminist killjoy to reckon with undead tropes from feminist herstories. The affective significance
of the distorted domesticity evident in both installations lies in how they animate and explore uneasy queer feelings, which can be traced to the projects’ collaborative origins and the ways that they assemble objects and experiences to highlight difference as much as cohesion.
Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Behavior near Icebreaker Operations in the Chukchi Sea, 1991
Authors: Smultea Mari A. , Brueggeman Jay , Robertson Frances , Fertl Dagmar , Bacon Cathy , Rowlett Richard A. , Green Gregory A.
Published: June 2016

Increasing interactions of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with human activity, combined with impacts of climate change, are of critical concern for the conservation of the species. Our study quantifies and describes initial reactions and behaviors of polar bears observed from an icebreaker during summer 1991 at two exploratory drilling sites (near sites drilled in 2015) located in the Chukchi Sea 175 km and 312 km west of Barrow, Alaska. Polar bear behavior was described using continuous sampling of six predetermined focal group behavior states (walking, running, swimming, resting, feeding or foraging, unknown) and six behavioral reaction events (no reaction, walking away, running away, approaching, vigilance [i.e., watching], unknown). Forty-six bears in 34 groups were monitored from the Robert LeMeur (an Arctic Class 3 icebreaker) for periods of five minutes to 16.1 hours. Significantly more bear groups reacted to icebreaker presence (79%) than not (21%), but no relationship was found between their reactions and distance to or activity of the icebreaker. Reactions were generally brief; vigilance was the most commonly observed reaction, followed by walking or running away for short (< 5 minutes) periods and distances (< 500 m). Eleven percent of bear groups approached the vessel. No significant difference was found between reactions when cubs were present and those when cubs were absent. Despite the limited sample sizes, these findings are relevant to assessing potential impacts of resource development and shipping activities on polar bears, especially given the sparsity of such information in the face of growing human activity in the Arctic offshore areas. Overall, climate change is leading to longer and more extensive open-water seasons in the Arctic and therefore to increasing marine traffic—more vessels (including icebreakers) for a longer time each year over a wider area.
Stratigraphic and Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of a Mid-Pliocene Fossil Site in the High Arctic (Ellesmere Island, Nunavut): Evidence of an Ancient Peatland with Beaver Activity + Online Appendix Figures S1 and S2 (See Article Tools)
Authors: Mitchell William Travis , Rybczynski Natalia , Schröder-Adams Claudia , Hamilton Paul B. , Smith Robin , Douglas Marianne
Published: June 2016

Neogene terrestrial deposits of sand and gravel with preserved wood and peat accumulations occur in many areas of the High Arctic. The Pliocene-aged Beaver Pond fossil site (Ellesmere Island, NU) is one such site that differs from other sites in the great thickness of its peat layer and the presence of a rich vertebrate faunal assemblage, along with numerous beaver-cut sticks. Although the site has been the subject of intense paleontological investigations for over two decades, there has not been a reconstruction of its depositional history. In this study, measured sections within and surrounding the site established the stratigraphy and lateral continuity of the stratigraphic units. Grain size analysis, loss on ignition, and fossil diatom assemblages were examined to reconstruct paleoenvironmental changes in the sequence. The base of the section was interpreted as a floodplain system. Using modern peat accumulation rates, the maximum thickness (240 cm) of the overlying peat layer is estimated to represent 49 000 ± 12 000 years. From this evidence, we suggest that during the peat formation interval, beaver activity may have played a role in creating an open water environment. The peat unit was overlain by sand, rich in organic matter and charcoal, suggesting environmental change and fire occurrence.
Inhalant-Abuse Myocarditis Diagnosed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Dinsfriend William , Rao Krishnasree , Matulevicius Susan
Published: June 2016

Multiple reports of toxic myocarditis from inhalant abuse have been reported. We now report the case of a 23-year-old man found to have toxic myocarditis from inhalation of a hydrocarbon. The diagnosis was made by means of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with delayed enhancement. The use of cardiac magnetic resonance to diagnose myocarditis has become increasingly common in clinical medicine, although there is not a universally accepted criterion for diagnosis. We appear to be the first to document a case of toxic myocarditis diagnosed by cardiac magnetic resonance. In patients with a history of drug abuse who present with clinical findings that suggest myocarditis or pericarditis, cardiac magnetic resonance can be considered to support the diagnosis.
Rothia dentocariosa Endocarditis: An Especially Rare Case in a Previously Healthy Man
Authors: Fridman David , Chaudhry Ali , Makaryus John , Black Karen , Makaryus Amgad N.
Published: June 2016

Rothia dentocariosa is a rare gram-positive bacterial organism, one of the group of microbes that normally resides in the mouth and respiratory tract. R. dentocariosa rarely causes disease. Documented cases occur chiefly in patients with valvular or dental disease, or both. We report the case of a previously healthy 58-year-old man who presented with evidence of bacterial endocarditis caused by this organism—which originated from an elusive source. His endocarditis was successfully treated with mitral valve replacement and the administration of antibiotic agents.
Increased Epicardial Fat Thickness Correlates with Aortic Stiffness and N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Altun Ibrahim , Unal Yasemin , Basaran Ozcan , Akin Fatih , Emir Gulser Karadaban , Kutlu Gulnihal , Biteker Murat
Published: June 2016

Epicardial fat, a metabolically active tissue, has emerged as a risk factor and active player in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated epicardial fat thickness in patients who had sustained an acute ischemic stroke, and we evaluated the relationship of epicardial fat thickness with other prognostic factors.

We enrolled 61 consecutive patients (age, ≥18 yr) who had sustained a first acute ischemic stroke and had been admitted to our hospital within 24 hours of the onset of stroke symptoms. The control group comprised 82 consecutive sex- and age-matched patients free of past or current stroke who had been admitted to our cardiology clinics. Blood samples were taken for measurement of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels at admission. Aortic stiffness indices and epicardial fat thickness were measured by means of transthoracic echocardiography within the first 48 hours.

In comparison with the control group, the patients with acute ischemic stroke had significantly higher epicardial fat thickness (4.8 ± 0.9 vs 3.8 ± 0.7 mm; P <0.001), lower aortic distensibility (2.5 ± 0.8 vs 3.4 ± 0.9 cm2·dyn−1; P <0.001) and lower aortic strain (5.5% ± 1.9% vs 6.4% ± 1.8%; P=0.003).

We found a significant association between epicardial fat thickness, NT-proBNP levels, and arterial dysfunction in patients who had sustained acute ischemic stroke. Increased epicardial fat thickness might be a novel risk factor and might enable evaluation of subclinical target-organ damage in these patients.
Pola Pemanfaatan Ruang pada Usaha Berbasis Rumah (UBR) di Klaster Batik Jenggot Kota Pekalongan
Authors: Arisngatiasih Arisngatiasih , Muktiali Mohammad
Published: June 2016

Housing has an important role in the economic development of the family. Besides has a function as a comfortable dwelling unit, the housing also used as a place to business activity through the Home Based Enterprises (HBE). Pekalongan City is the city where batik industries are growing rapidly. Cluster Batik Jenggot is the top three of batik clusters from 11 batik clusters in Pekalongan City. HBE is enterprises activities that highly contribute to the economic structure of Pekalongan City. However, HBE at Cluster Batik Jenggot is faced with the problems that the house used as a place of enterprises and dwelling has not clearly border. The aim of this research is to examine the pattern of utilization of space at HBE in Cluster Batik Jenggot. The study is conducted by qualitative research methods. Technique sampling is using snowball sampling to 9 respondents. The analysis is done by qualitative descriptive analysis. The results show that the pattern of space utilization at home for batik printing activities is classified into two typologies, i.e. mixture and separate typology. In the mixture typology, the utilization of space in the main building is both for a place to work and residence, which printing activity usually is done on the outside of the house. While in the separate typology, the working space is provided separately, which usually provided in the beside, behind, and in front of the main building. The utilization of spaces at UBR is adjusted to the type and timing of activity.
Kajian Preferensi Masyarakat dan Sikap Pemerintah Terkait Reaktivasi (Penghidupan Kembali) Jalur Kereta Api Semarang - Yogyakarta
Authors: Butar Reinaldo Butar
Published: June 2016

The cross of Semarang – Magelang – Yogyakarta along ± 130 km is now connected to the highway infrastructure. This condition makes the highway based on the road be the only alternative modes of transportation used by people to travel. This condition makes some roads that cross Bawen – Ambarawa – Magelang – Yogyakarta experienced a density that resulted in congestion. The government has a policy to reactive the railroad that once operated as a mode of transport cross Semarang-Yogyakarta. If this policy is implemented, people will have a choice of alternative modes of transportation. The study aims to assess people's preferences and attitudes related to the government policies reactivation of the rail lines cross Semarang – Yogyakarta. This study was conducted using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research. The analysis was performed by descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods, which is after scoring the analysis results obtained community preferences, cross tabulation analysis and continued with qualitative descriptive analysis. This study finding is the variables such as travel costs, travel time, accessibility and qualitative attitude (comfort, security and safety) have relationships with community preferences to switch to using the railway mode. Then, when the public preference is compared with the attitude of the government, the result is there is a match between the preferences of public and the government's attitude for the qualitative attitude and accessibility variables. However, travel costs and travel time variables are the mismatch between what the preferences of the community with what the government's position.
Clinicopathologic Profile and Outcome of Extranodal Diffuse Large B-Cell NHL: Egyptian National Cancer Institute Experience
Authors: Khorshed Ola , Helal Amany , Sallam Yasser A. , Salama Asmaa , Amin Mohammad
Published: June 2016

Background: Primary extranodal diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (PE-DLBCL) accounts for about one-third of all cases of DLBCL. We reviewed the clinical and pathological characteristics of cases with PE-DLBCL presented to NCI, Egypt.

Patients and methods: We retrospectively studied patients with pathologically documented PE-DLBCL presented to the National Cancer Institute between January 2008 and December 2010. Revision of histopathology and sub-classification of patients to germinal centre (GC) DLBCL and non-GC-DLBCL through immunostaining of CD10, BCL-6 and MUM-1 were done. Cases that were CD10+/BCL-6±/ MUM-1- were categorised as GC-DLBCL, while cases that were CD10-/BCL-6±/MUM-1+ were categorised as non-GC-DLBCL. Clinical data regarding baseline characteristics, chemotherapy given and the response to chemotherapy was collected.

Results: A total of 57 patients of PE-DLBCL were included in the study. Mean age was 48.9 years (range 21-78), and 32 patients (56.1%) were females. Most frequent locations were gastrointestinal and liver (29.9% and 22.9 %; respectively). Forty-two patients (73.7%) were sub-classified as non-GC-DLBCL. The patients who were stage III/IV were more common (52.6%). Fifty-two patients received CHOP, 5 received CVP, and 6 patients received radiotherapy after finishing chemotherapy. Complete response rate (CR) was 64.9%, there was no difference in the CR (66.7%, 64.3%) and Overall Survival (53.3%, 52.4%) in GC-DLBCL group in comparison to non-GC-DLBCL group (p = 0.24 and 0.6; respectively). The CR and OS for patients with low international prognostic index (IPI) were significantly better than patients with intermediate or high IPI (p = 0.008 and 0.08, respectively).

Conclusion: Non-GC-DLBCL is more common than GC-DLBCL in PE-DLBCL in Egyptian population. The most affected sites are gastrointestinal and liver reflecting the association between high frequency of hepatitis B and C and hepatic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Stage of the disease and IPI remains the most important prognostic factor for PE-DLBCL.
Sustainable gold catalysis: synthesis of new spiroacetals
Authors: Wagner Bernd , Belger Katrin , Minkler Stefan , Belting Volker , Krause Norbert
Published: June 2016

Various [O,O]- and [N,O]-spiroacetals were synthesized by gold-catalyzed spirocyclization of suitable functionalized alkynes. Whereas simple spiroacetals with two heteroatoms were readily obtained by regioselective cyclization of acetylenic diols or aminoalcohols, hitherto unknown spirocyclic isoxazolidines and pyrazolidines bearing three heteroatoms were formed by three-component coupling of alkynols, aldehydes, and protected hydroxylamine or hydrazine derivatives. The sustainability of these spirocyclizations was improved by using recyclable gold catalysts in water or nanomicelles as reaction medium.
Description of selected diagnostic tools in assessing the risk of venous thromboembolic disease
Authors: Piotrkowska Renata , Jarzynkowski Piotr , Książek Janina
Published: June 2016

Introduction. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its most severe complication, pulmonary embolism (PE) is an interdisciplinary medical problem. Despite a wealth of knowledge, pulmonary embolism is the cause of about 10% of deaths among hospitalized patients and the most common factor which can be prevented. Therefore correct, rapid diagnosis of the patient’s assessment of the risk of sudden death and the quick implementation of treatment are essential to reduce mortality in this disease and prevent its distant complications.

Aim of the study. The aim of this paper is to discuss on the basis of Polish and world literature the selected diagnostic tools in assessing the risk of venous thromboembolic disease.
Child’s problems with Synovial Sarcoma – case study
Authors: Barcik Natalia , Nowak Agnieszka , Krawczyk Bożena
Published: June 2016

Introduction. Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors derived from the embryonic mesenchymal and neuroectodermal tissue. In Poland, they constitute about 7% of all childhood malignant tumors and represent the fifth group of the most common tumorous under the age of 16 after leukemia, central nervous system tumor, lymphoma and neuroblastoma. When starting treatment of a child with cancer, the following points should be taken into account: the type, localization and size of cancer with its dynamics and the stage of disease, the general condition and the age of a patient. The contemporary treatment of patients with malignant tumor is combined and multi-profile. This treatment consists of multidrug chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, rehabilitation and palliative care.

In order to analyze care problems of a child with malignant tumor, we present the case of a girl with Synovial Sarcoma who was diagnosed after a year and a half since the first symptoms have occurred. It had a significant impact on the girl’s health condition, emotional and social development as well as on the functioning of her whole family.

Aim. The aim of the study was to present the problem associated with a care of a child with malignant tumor based on the analysis of a chosen clinical occurrence.

Material and methods. Analysis of medical records of the child was diagnosed thenar tumor of the left hand Synovial Sarcoma and the anamnestic interview with the family.

Results and conclusions. Problems of the child diagnosed with cancer are significantly associated with somatic symptoms of the disease such as pain, or complications of chemotherapy. Equally important are the issues related to child mental sphere. A difficult problem is anxiety and impaired sense of security, particularly in cases when the diagnosis process is very long.
Ortsaufgelöste Impedanzspektroskopie an einer PEM-Brennstoffzelle
Authors: Klambauer Reinhard , Eichberger Bernd
Published: June 2016

Für den Test und
die Entwicklung von „Proton-Exchange-Membrane“-(PEM-)Brennstoffzellen
sind die elektrochemische Impedanzspektroskopie (EIS) und „Total-Harmonic-Distortion“-Analyse
(THDA) essentielle Messmethoden. Diese Forschungsarbeit
beschäftigt sich mit der Erweiterung dieser
Methoden. Durch eine Mehrkanalmessung wird die Impedanz
örtlich aufgelöst bestimmt. Das neue Messsystem
ist in der Lage, den zeitlichen Verlauf von Strom und
Spannung mit einer hohen Abtastrate gleichzeitig an bis zu 100 Kanälen
zu erfassen. Mit zusätzlicher digitaler
Signalverarbeitung ist es ein vielseitiges Messinstrument für
EIS, THDA und die Stromverteilung im Querschnitt der
Brennstoffzelle.
Design of a measurement system for investigating the magnetic characteristics of soft magnetic materials for non-sinusoidal periodic excitations
Authors: Bramerdorfer Gerd , Andessner Dietmar , Amrhein Wolfgang , Bauer Bernhard
Published: June 2016

This article is about the design of a measurement system for measuring the iron losses in soft magnetic materials exerted by periodic flux density characteristics. The losses are due to hysteresis and eddy currents effects. The aim is to predict the iron losses which occur in electric machines. Common loss modeling techniques are derived by considering sinusoidal flux density characteristics. As nowadays highly-utilized machine designs with special winding topologies are employed, the periodic flux density characteristics in a big part of the ferromagnetic components are far off from being sinusoidal. Hence, the here presented measurement system and the associated control are especially developed for analyzing any periodic flux density characteristics. A further part of this article is dedicated to the comparison of state-of-the-art iron loss modeling techniques and measurement results. Several scenarios with different flux density harmonic magnitudes and frequencies are considered. It turns out that currently available loss modeling techniques show significant modeling errors for non-sinusoidal periodic flux density excitations. Thus, future work has to be on deriving more accurate models by considering their applicability for computer-aided engineering software.
Flüssigkeitsanalyse mittels MIR-Laser-Photometer zum Spurennachweis von Isocyanat in Lösungsmitteln
Authors: Nägele Markus , Theuer Michael , Hennig Steffen , Kasten Wolfgang
Published: June 2016

Im mittleren infraroten Spektralbereich (Wellenlänge von 3–12 Mikrometer)
zeigen Flüssigkeiten spektrale Signaturen. Oft sind diese Absorptionsbanden jedoch
breitbandig ausgeprägt und sehr stark im Vergleich zu etwa Strukturen in gasförmigen
Species. Daher verwendet man bei klassischen Transmissionsmessverfahren mit üblichen
FTIR-Spektrometern nur sehr kurze Absorptionswege (optische Pfadlänge OPL von einigen zehn
Mikrometern), damit vom Detektor noch ein vom Rauschen differenzierbares Signal detektiert
werden kann. Je nach Signatur lässt sich gegebenenfalls durch eine Reduktion auf eine
Signal- und Referenzbande ein photometrischer Nachweis führen.

Neuartige spektral schmalbandige Infrarotlaserquellen (Quantenkaskadenlaser) haben im
Vergleich zu den klassischen thermischen Lichtquellen in FTIR-Geräten oder Photometern eine
wesentlich höhere spektrale Leistungsdichte, so dass über größere Absorptionsschichtdicken
eine vergleichsweise höhere Sensitivität erreicht werden kann. Die Auswertung erfolgt dabei
quasi photometrisch: Ein Laser emittiert spektral innerhalb einer Absorptionsstruktur des
Analyten und ein weiterer Laser außerhalb der Analytenabsorption. Die spektrale
Schmalbandigkeit der Laser hilft dabei zur Vermeidung von Querempfindlichkeiten und ersetzt
die farbselektiven Elemente eines Photometers.

Am Beispiel des Spurennachweises von Isocyanat (Hexamethylen Diisocyanat) in verschiedenen
Lösungsmitteln wird die hohe erreichbare Nachweisempfindlichkeit gezeigt, die das Potential
für eine prozesstaugliche Applikation birgt.
Effect of Axisymmetric Aft Wall Angle Cavity in Supersonic Flow Field
Authors: Jeyakumar S. , Assis Shan M. , Jayaraman K.
Published: June 2016

Cavity plays a significant role in scramjet combustors to enhance mixing and flame holding of supersonic streams. In this study, the characteristics of axisymmetric cavity with varying aft wall angles in a non-reacting supersonic flow field are experimentally investigated. The experiments are conducted in a blow-down type supersonic flow facility. The facility consists of a supersonic nozzle followed by a circular cross sectional duct. The axisymmetric cavity is incorporated inside the duct. Cavity aft wall is inclined with two consecutive angles. The performance of the aft wall cavities are compared with rectangular cavity. Decreasing aft wall angle reduces the cavity drag due to the stable flow field which is vital for flame holding in supersonic combustor. Uniform mixing and gradual decrease in stagnation pressure loss can be achieved by decreasing the cavity aft wall angle.
Theoretical Study of the Vibration Suppression on a Mistuned Bladed Disk Using a Bi-periodic Piezoelectric Network
Authors: Li Lin , Deng Pengcheng , Liu Jiuzhou , Li Chao
Published: June 2016

The paper deals with the vibration suppression of a bladed disk with a piezoelectric network. The piezoelectric network has a different period (so called bi-period) from that of the bladed disk and there is no inductor in it. The system is simulated by an electromechanical lumped parameter model with two DOFs per sector. The research focuses on suppressing the amplitude magnification or reducing the vibration localization of the mistuned bladed disk. The dynamic equations of the system are derived. Both mechanical mistuning and electrical mistuning have been taken into account. The Modified Modal Assurance Criterion (MMAC) is used to evaluate the vibration suppression ability of the bi-periodic piezoelectric network. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the MMAC of the system with the random mistuning. As a reference, the forced responses of the bladed disk with and without the piezoelectric network are given. The results show that the piezoelectric network would effectively suppress amplitude magnification induced by mistuning. The vibration amplitude is even smaller than that of the tuned system. The robustness analysis shows that the bi-periodic piezoelectric network can provide a reliable assurance for avoiding the forced response amplification of the mistuned bladed disk. The amplified response induced by the mechanical mistuning with standard deviation 0.2 can be effectively suppressed through the bi-periodic piezoelectric network.
Tools for Predicting the Functional Impact of Nonsynonymous Genetic Variation
Authors: Tang Haiming , Thomas Paul D
Published: June 2016

As personal genome sequencing becomes a reality, understanding the effects of genetic variants on phenotype—particularly the impact of germline variants on disease risk and the impact of somatic variants on cancer development and treatment—continues to increase in importance. Because of their clear potential for affecting phenotype, nonsynonymous genetic variants (variants that cause a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by a gene) have long been the target of efforts to predict the effects of genetic variation. Whole-genome sequencing is identifying large numbers of nonsynonymous variants in each genome, intensifying the need for computational methods that accurately predict which of these are likely to impact disease phenotypes. This review focuses on nonsynonymous variant prediction with two aims in mind: (1) to review the prioritization methods that have been developed to date and the principles on which they are based and (2) to discuss the challenges to further improving these methods.
Eine Frage des Zusammenhangs: Marktbeherrschungsmissbrauch durch rechtswidrige Konditionen
Authors: Franck Jens-Uwe
Published: June 2016

Facebook testet die Grenzen der Sanktionierung deutschen und europäischen Verbraucher- und Datenschutzrechts aus. Vor diesem Hintergrund strebt das Bundeskartellamt danach, etwaige Sanktionslücken über den Tatbestand des Konditionenmissbrauchs zu schließen. Ausgehend vom begrenzten Marktregelungsauftrag an das Kartellrecht begründet der Beitrag das Erfordernis eines Zusammenhangs zwischen der Marktbeherrschung und dem missbrauchsverdächtigen Verhalten und konturiert dieses Kriterium für Fälle, in denen ein Marktbeherrscher rechtswidrige Konditionen am Markt durchsetzen kann. Aufgezeigt werden damit die Grenzen, die einer Instrumentalisierung der Missbrauchsaufsicht zum Ausgleich von Sanktionsdefiziten in anderen Rechtsgebieten gesetzt sind.
EuGH: Kartellkontrolle von Tarifverträgen
Authors: Rieble Volker
Published: June 2016

Der EuGH hat in der Entscheidung „FNV Kunsten Informatie en Media“ v. 4. 12. 2014 – Rs C-413/13, EuZW 2015, 313 die Reichweite des tarifvertraglichen Kartellprivilegs konkretisiert. Die Entscheidung besteht aus zwei Teilen. Unmittelbar beschäftigt sich der EuGH mit der Reichweite des Kartellprivilegs gegenüber an sich selbständigen Aushilfsmusikern, die aber gleichwohl Arbeitnehmer im Sinne des unionsrechtlichen Arbeitnehmerbegriffs sein können – und deren Vergütungen dann durch Tarifvertrag „kartelliert“ werden können. Spannender ist, was der EuGH nicht sagt: Wortlos weist er einen kühnen Vorstoß des Generalanwaltes Wahl zurück, wonach auch die Unterbindung von Sozialdumping durch konkurrierende Unternehmen kartellkontrollfrei sei. Drittens ist nach den kartellrechtlichen Konsequenzen in Deutschland zu fragen: Es gibt deutsche Tarifverträge, die die Grenzen des Tarifrechts überschreiten und die Reichweite des Kartellprivilegs verlassen. Dass Arbeitsgerichte Tarifparteien vieles durchgehen lassen, lässt sich mit intensivem Einfluss der Verbände über ihre ehrenamtlichen Richter auf die Gerichtsbarkeit erklären. Der Wettbewerbsschutz ist dort nicht präsent. Dass aber das Kartellamt wegschaut, ist kaum zu erklären. Dass Unternehmen, die von tarifinduzierten Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen nachteilig betroffen sind, keinen Kartellgerichtsschutz beanspruchen, hat mit der ungeklärten Rechtswegezuständigkeit zu tun – oder mit anwaltlicher Unkenntnis.
Comparative Evaluation of Bioactive Glass (Putty) and Platelet Rich Fibrin in Treating Furcation Defects
Authors: Biswas Shriparna , Sambashivaiah Savita , Kulal Rithesh , Bilichodmath Shivaprasad , Kurtzman Gregori M
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to compare a second-generation bioactive glass putty biomaterial against platelet rich fibrin in treating grade II furcation defects. Subjects were 15 systemically healthy patients (10 males and 5 females, ages 20–50 with a mean age of 38.33) with 20 mandibular molar class II furcation defects according to Glickman's classification. The 20 mandibular molar furcation defects were randomly allocated as follows: Group I, 10 furcation defects were treated using bioactive glass (NovaBone) bone graft putty material; Group II, 10 furcation defects were treated using platelet rich fibrin (PRF). Customized acrylic stents were fabricated on study casts and trimmed to the height contour of the teeth to serve as a fixed reference point for measurements. The following measurements were collected: gingival index, plaque index, vertical probing depth (from gingival margin to base of the pocket), clinical attachment level (CEJ to the base of the pocket), and horizontal probing depth of furcation involvement (using stent). Results showed that both groups had improvement in gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) at the recall intervals. There was an overall reduction in both vertical and horizontal probing depth in both groups; however, the Putty group (Group I) showed consistently more vertical probing depth reduction than the PRF group (Group II) at the end of third month (P-value = 0.0004), sixth month (P-value = 0.00001), and ninth month (P-value = 0.0004). Our conclusion was that use of bioactive glass osteostimulative biomaterial yields superior clinical results, including increased pocket depth reduction of class II furcation defects as compared to an autologous platelet concentrate. The clinical significance of our findings include the ease of use and superior biologic performance of second-generation putty bioglass biomaterials in furcation defects.
The Miniproject: An initial step in scientific research skill development for first-semester medical students
Authors: Protudjer Jennifer LP , Möller Riitta , Nikkola Matti J , Dickman Paul , Plymoth Amelie
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Although medical students involved in research training express greater interest in academic medicine, a paucity of clinician-scientists remains. Herein, we describe a feasible project, titled 'The Miniproject,' which introduces first-semester medical students to basic concepts in scientific research. The Miniproject was introduced in 2007 as part of a major curriculum reform to provide a structured, systematic approach to scientific training to Karolinska Institute's study programme in Medicine. The Miniproject itself was developed in recognition that emphasis is increasingly placed on student-centred study, which involves greater assumption of responsibility by the student for his or her own learning. Over the course of five days during the first weeks of medical school, students participate in a variety of activities designed to align with five intended learning outcomes. These intended learning outcomes include: formulating a scientific hypothesis; discussing, in broad terms, at least one method used to answer a scientific question; giving and receiving feedback from peers and teachers; demonstrating the ability to search, interpret, present and discuss written and oral scientific medical information; and actively engaging in a small group discussion. Teachers facilitate small group discussions, but encourage students to lead these discussions. Via electronic, anonymous evaluations, most students (65.1%) evaluated the Miniproject as good or very good. In conclusion, the Miniproject is a feasible project led by researchers, and which is designed to introduce first-semester medical students to scientific literature and the research process, as initial steps in the scientific development thread.
Should trainees be involved in the direct care of patients with Ebola Virus Disease?
Authors: Safdar Nasia , Ruis Andrew , Shirley Daniel , Fost Norman
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. With the world in the throes of the largest outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in history, many institutions in the United States have developed institutional policies and procedures for the screening, diagnosis and management of patients with EVD. Healthcare workers caring for these seriously ill patients are at high risk of contracting EVD through contact with blood and body fluids. With the exception of experimental therapeutics, treatment is largely supportive, requiring healthcare workers to have regular close contact with patients. Given the proportion of healthcare workers who have contracted EVD from patients and the high mortality rate, a central consideration has been whether healthcare trainees should be exempted from the direct care of patients with EVD. Educational needs and ethical issues are discussed. We provide arguments for and against this approach, and present a multifaceted framework that may be useful to institutions grappling with this issue.
Book review
Authors: Jenkins M.
Published: June 2016

ICOLD Bulletin 156: Integrated Flood Risk Management
Community-responsive adaptation to flooding in Kibera, Kenya
Authors: Mulligan Joe , Harper Jamilla , Kipkemboi Pascal , Ngobi Bukonola , Collins Anna
Published: June 2016

Much of the world’s existing and future population will live in slums, where the twin trajectories of rapid urbanisation and increased flooding driven by climate change collide. Few spatial planning policies currently address this issue in practice. Poorly planned relocation from slum areas has caused conflict and insecurity, while large-scale infrastructural solutions for reducing flood risk are prohibitively expensive. There is a need to consider how local adaptation measures for increasing resilience to flooding can complement other structural and policy measures. This paper describes and evaluates autonomous, market-based and public-policy-driven structural and non-structural adaptation approaches to flooding in Kibera, the largest informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. The analysis employs a novel survey data set from 963 households in Kibera and extensive community and institutional stakeholder consultation. Results of the consultation demonstrate how autonomous adaptation at the household level is disincentivised by insecure housing tenure, while public-policy-driven approaches are constrained by the lack of effective community engagement. Combining the lessons from this analysis with 10 years of experience in developing public space and infrastructure projects in Kibera, the paper builds the case for an approach to ‘community-responsive adaptation’ to urban flooding that negotiates these limitations.
Animal Model Show Physiological Characteristics Can Alter by Feeding of Different Cereal Type and Exogenous Multi-Enzyme
Authors: Kalantar Majid , Yaghobfar Akbar
Published: June 2016

Physiological characteristics of meat-type chicken such as growth traits, serum biochemical metabolites and mineral concentrations, serum enzyme activity, and gut flora were studied by means of 625 day-old chicks which randomly assigned to five treatments with five replicates in a completely randomized design. Four different types of cereal-based diets (wheat, and barley with or without exogenous multi-enzyme supplement) were used as experimental groups and a corn-based diet was also considered to serve as control group. All diets had similar contents of crude protein, energy, and total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). Results indicated that enzyme supplemented diets improved daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio than barley and wheat diets without enzyme significantly (P<0.01). Feeding wheat and barley diets decreased the serum cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose concentrations than control group significantly (P<0.01). Also using of these two type of cereals without enzyme supplementation resulted in reduced serum mineral concentration and undesirable effect on gut flora (P<0.01). Total gram negative bacteria of the ileum was decreased, however lactic acid and bifida bacteria population were increased by supplementation of wheat and barley diets with exogenous multi-enzyme significantly (P<0.01). The serum activities of α-amylase and lipase were increased in chicks fed wheat and barley diets when compared to the control group fed on corn diet, but enzyme supplementation significantly reduced the serum activities of α-amylase and lipase (P<0.01).
Isolation, Chemical Composition, Characterization and Anti-Bacterial Activity of Acridine Diglycoside from Moringa olifera
Authors: Ikpa Chinyere Benardette Chinaka , Ibe Francis Chizoruo , Ikpa Chinomnso Uzoamaka
Published: June 2016

Moringaolifera(drumstick tree) is a medicinal plant commonly used in phytomedicine to cure and prevent diseases in Nigeria. The ethanolic extract of the leave sample showed alkaloid {(9.66 ± 0.20) %}, phenols {(0.75 ± 0.22) %}, flavonoids {(6.86 ± 0.20) %}, saponines {(8.46 ± 0.10) %}, and tannins {(1.10 ± 0.20) %}. The plant also contains nutritional nutrients such as ash {(6.08 ± 0.02) %}, protein {(23.65 ± 0.12)%}, carbohydrates {(57.01 ± 0.01)%}, fats {(2.43 ± 0.01) %}, crude fibre {(6.02 ± 0.13)%}, moisture {(9.50 ± 0.10)%} and energy {(3276 ± 0.14)%}. Antibacterial studies showed that the plant leave successfully inhibited staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Klebisiella pneumonia. Acridine diglycoside was elucidated using Bruker NMR spectroscopy in combination with FT-IR NATRIC and HREIMS (m/z) mass spectral data. This result authenticates the use of the plant leave in the treatment of infections, tumors and as an anti-inflammatory agent
Enteral Nutrition in Surgical Patients
Authors: Syplyviy Vasyliy , Grinchenko Sergiy , Shadrina Valentina
Published: June 2016

In this research work there was studied the problem of syndrome of enteral insufficiency in surgical patients, to determine the degree of enteral insufficiency it was made by assessing the main clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods of examination of patients with the amount of points for each of the criteria. It suggested early enteral nutrition including postoperative differentially, depending on the form of enteric disease. We observed 40 patients who were divided into two groups. In the first group, 21 (52,5%), early enteral nutrition was conducted. The second group - 19 (47,5%), parenteral nutrition was conducted in the postoperative period. As a result of observations in patients who received early enteral nutrition, there was normalization of the gastrointestinal tract for 2-3 hours. In connection with this technique of enteral nutrition designed depending on the form of enteric disease, which promotes more rapid restoration of vital organs and systems.