bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zweifelhafte Evaluationen von Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie: Eine kritische Diskussion am Beispiel der Thesen Stefan Homburgs
Authors: Siemering Christian
Published: August 2021

Der Volkswirt Stefan Homburg hat sich öffentlich gegen viele der beschlossenen präventiven Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der COVID-19-Pandemie positioniert. Dieser Artikel fasst ausgewählte Thesen und Äußerungen Stefan Homburgs zu diesem Thema zusammen und hinterfragt sie kritisch. Im Ergebnis stellen sich diese oft als nicht hinreichend belegt oder fehlerhaft heraus. Zudem werden Homburgs Thesen in einer irreführenden und selektiven Art und Weise von ihm in den sozialen Netzwerken verbreitet.
Radon concentration in compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas and its release range in residential houses
Authors: Abbasi Akbar , Zakaly Hesham M.H. , Hessien Mahmoud M.
Published: August 2021

Radon (222Rn) exposure in the environment is an important issue, and many pathways exist for radon exposure to humans. One of these pathways is 222Rn release through the consumption of natural gas. The issues of 222Rn concentration measurement techniques and worldwide concentration distribution were reviewed in natural gas, with emphasis on performing an active method to determine 222Rn concentration in LPG and CNG gases used in Cyprus. The obtained results were compared with 222Rn concentration in natural gas worldwide and UNSCEAR reports. The average 222Rn concentration value in LPG gas was observed higher than CNG gas. Also, the 222Rn concentration in LPG and CNG gases was less than the UNSCEAR reported value.
Influencia del contexto macroeconómico en la mortalidad de empresas en Perú
Authors: León Mendoza Juan Celestino
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en identificar los factores del contexto macroeconómico que coadyuvan al cierre de empresas en Perú. Para lograr este objetivo, se efectuaron regresiones estadísticas utilizando el método de los mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, con datos de panel, correspondientes a veinticuatro departamentos. Los resultados indican que la mortalidad de las empresas tiende a aumentar en la medida en que disminuye la tasa de crecimiento del producto interno bruto, o en tanto que tiendan a incrementarse la tasa de inflación, el grado de apertura al comercio exterior, el crédito financiero y la carga tributaria.
La distribucion conjunta de la renta y riqueza en Uruguay
Authors: Santos Antreassian Guillermo , Sanroman Graciela
Published: August 2021

Este artículo analiza la distribución conjunta del ingreso-riqueza en Uruguay y la compara con Chile, España y Estados Unidos, por medio de encuestas financieras de hogares. Se analizan las distribuciones univariantes de ingreso y riqueza, y se encuentra que la última es más concentrada y asimétrica que la primera. Se estiman cópulas no paramétricas para la distribución conjunta que revelan que los hogares de altos ingresos se encuentran entre los de mayor riqueza y que los de menores ingresos entre los de menor riqueza. Se descubre que, en Uruguay, la educación es la principal fuente de heterogeneidad del ingreso, la riqueza y la distribución conjunta.
El mecanismo de transmisión de política monetaria en una economía dolarizada. El caso de El Salvador
Authors: Cáceres Luis René
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es determinar las respuestas del índice de actividad económica de El Salvador tanto ante cambios en la oferta monetaria, el crédito y la tasa de interés nacionales, como en cuanto a la oferta monetaria y tasa de interés de los restantes países centroamericanos. El carácter distintivo del trabajo es que la economía salvadoreña fue dolarizada en 2001. Los resultados indican que ninguna variable nacional provoca respuestas significativas en las otras variables nacionales, pero el índice de actividad económica salvadoreña responde significativamente a cambios de las ofertas monetarias y las tasas de interés de otros países centroamericanos.
Participación de las mujeres sumapaceñas: aporte a la construcción de paz
Authors: Bueno Ana Marcela , Suárez Puentes Karin Viviana
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo es resultado de una investigación que reconoció los procesos y condiciones de la participación de las mujeres en el marco de los acuerdos de La Habana, firmados entre el gobierno nacional y las fuerzas armadas revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC-EP). La participación en Sumapaz ha contado con la presencia activa de mujeres, fundamentales en la resolución pacífica de los problemas. A pesar de que su participación se ha invisibilizado, el aporte ha incidido en diversos niveles: en ámbitos micro de la cotidianidad hasta el orden macro como partidos políticos que afectan más allá de lo local.
Intervenção Comunitária. Conhecimentos e Práticas da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa
Authors: Bracons Hélia Augusta
Published: August 2021

Resenha do Livro "Intervenção Comunitária. Conhecimentos e Práticas da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa"

Maria Natália Nunes (coord), Ana Maria Viana, Nuno Serra e Rogério Roque Amaro

Lisboa: Edições Santa Casa, 2017, 136 pp.
DINAMIKA PEREKONOMIAN MASYARKAT MINANGKABAU
Authors: Aisyah Siti
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges of trade in the rantau Pariaman area during the XIX century because this area was once known as a successful trading community that cannot be matched by its current society. The method used is historical research methods with data techniques through literature study. The success that was obtained was due to the fact that in the region's position it was an important route for world trade, the people were also able to take advantage of opportunities that could facilitate and facilitate them to achieve success during the colonial period. An elite group consisting of village officials and traditional leaders in the Netherlands as regulators in running the government. In addition, the people were able to make local products such as sea fish, salt, and coconut products that were very popular at that time. If viewed from the conditions at that time there were not a few challenges in the community in carrying out trading activities. The condition of the government was not friendly to the interests of the lower class people which resulted in frequent riots with the Dutch, because the people were not satisfied with the Dutch actions that always interfered in their affairs. In addition, the development of transportation tools such as trains and sailboats has made the Pariaman area market less crowded with outside traders and added to the absence of regeneration that can pass on the trade knowledge so that there is no more professional next generation of traders.
PEREDARAN OPIUM DI MINANGKABAU ABAD KE-19
Authors: Nasir Muhammad
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the history of Minangkabau in the 19th century AD. One of the themes of 19th century Minangkabau history is the Islamic reform movement promoted by religious groups commonly called the Padri movement. One of the central issues of the Padri movement was eradicating the habit of drinking alcoholism that occurred in Minangkabau society. The habit of smoking the drug that comes from boiling opium certainly indicates the existence of the drug on a large scale. Therefore, this article will present a picture of the opium trade in Minangkabau in the 19th century from upstream (providers) to downstream (dealers). It is hoped that this article will be useful as an explanation for the habit of smoking made in the Minangkabau community at that time.
PENERIMAAN DAN PENOLAKAN ISLAM NUSANTARA DI KALANGAN ULAMA KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Harun Muhamad
Published: August 2021

This article takes a focus on the acceptance and rejection of Nusantara Islam among the Ulama of Palembang City. The background of this article is the socio-religious phenomenon seen in the Ulama of Palembang City showing different variants and expressions in addressing the term of Islam in Nusantara. A qualitative descriptive approach is used to answer the two questions raised in this article. First, what is the motive for the rejection of Nusantara Islam among the ulama of Palembang City, and second, what is the motive for the acceptance of Nusantara Islam among the ulama of Palembang City? The author found that knowledge, experience, and interests were motives for the rejection of Nusantara Islam among the old Palembang. Meanwhile, the motives for acceptance of Nusantara Islam among the Palembang Ulama include incentives, group solidarity, learning, and compulsion.
Factors associated to the adherence to the non-pharmachological treatment of hypertension in primary health care
Authors: Nascimento Monique Oliveira do , Belo Rebeka Maria de Oliveira , Araújo Thaís Lorena Lopes de Santana , Silva Klara Gabriella Nascimento Marques da , Barros Marcella Di Fatima Ferreira Noya , Figueirêdo Thaisa Remigio , Bezerra Simone Maria Muniz da Silva
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the factors associated to the adherence to the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension in primary health care. Methods: cross-sectional study with 421 participants. The adherence was evaluated using the components: weight control, abdominal circumference, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. The chi-squared and Mann-Whitney’s tests were used for analysis. Results: the adherence to the control of the abdominal circumference was associated to smoking, sex, and stress. Smoking, age, and profession were associated to weight control. The adherence to a physical activity varied between the sexes and between people who used beta blockers and those who did not. Moderate alcohol consumption was associated to sex, age, profession, income, comorbidities, time using antihypertensive drugs, and using other medication. Conclusions: socioeconomic and clinical factors were associated to the adherence to the anti-hypertensive treatment. Innovative techniques, such as the transtheoretical model of change, motivational interviews, and supported self-care can help in behavioral changes.
DESAFIOS DA PERMANÊNCIA ESTUDANTIL UNIVERSITÁRIA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A TRAJETÓRIA DE ESTUDANTES ATENDIDOS POR PROGRAMAS DE ASSISTÊNCIA ESTUDANTIL
Authors: GANAM ELIANA ALMEIDA SOARES , PINEZI ANA KEILA MOSCA
Published: August 2021

RESUMO: O presente artigo discute a permanência estudantil no ensino superior público brasileiro a partir de um estudo realizado na Universidade Federal de São Paulo. No estudo realizado, buscou-se compreender como um grupo de estudantes universitários atendidos por programas de assistência estudantil constrói sua trajetória acadêmica, considerando a origem socioeconômica assimétrica. Foi analisada, neste artigo, parte dos dados de entrevistas em profundidade realizadas nesta pesquisa. Observa-se que a trajetória de estudantes provenientes de classes sociais diferentes das que tradicionalmente ocuparam a universidade pública convive com contradições que tornam sua permanência na universidade um desafio constante. Elementos do mundo material, ligados à subsistência financeira, e simbólicos, ligados à percepção de pertencimento, indicam que a passagem pela universidade pública não garante, em si, mudanças na forma como esses estudantes são percebidos a partir do “lugar” social, embora essas percepções não impeçam que estudantes ultrapassem as barreiras simbólicas de discriminação e exclusão e busquem formas de equiparação à condição standart do estudante universitário.
Substrate disinfection methods on the production and nutritional composition of a wild oyster mushroom from the Amazon
Authors: Aguiar Lorena Vieira Bentolila de , Sales-Campos Ceci , Gouvêa Paula Romenya dos Santos , Vianez Bazilio Frasco , Dias Eustáquio Souza , Chevreuil Larissa Ramos
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT One of the most expensive steps in mushroom production is the disinfection of the substrate. This study aimed to evaluate different methods of disinfecting various substrates used in the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus from the Amazon. P. ostreatus was grown under uncontrolled temperature conditions in a greenhouse (at approximately 30 °C) on substrates formulated with residues (seeds) of açaí and tucumã palm trees, Brazil nuts shell and pine sawdust. The different substrate disinfection treatments comprised autoclaving, immersion in hot water or immersion in calcium hydroxide (2%). The chemical composition of residues, substrates, and mushrooms was analyzed. During cultivation, it was found that in the treatment with hot water, all the bags were contaminated, and treatment with calcium hydroxide inhibited the colonization and growth of the mushrooms. P. ostreatus grown on the autoclaved açaí substrate supplemented with tucumã had higher production. The highest percentage of fiber content was obtained when the mushrooms were cultivated in the pine substrate supplemented with Brazil nuts (32.68 to 33.65%), and the highest protein content (20.03 to 20.88%) was found in the mushrooms grown on açaí-based substrates. Considering that P. ostreatus showed higher productivity in autoclaved substrates, further studies should be performed to develop alternative methods of disinfecting substrates for the cultivation of mushrooms in the Amazon region, as well as, in other regions with a tropical climate. However, the cultivation of this mushroom is promising using some regional substrates, especially with açaí, which is one of the important natural products of the Amazon.
Nursing practice environment in intensive care unit and professional burnout
Authors: Möller Gisele , de Oliveira João Lucas Campos , Dal Pai Daiane , Azzolin Karina , de Magalhães Ana Maria Müller
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare the nursing practice environments in Intensive Care Units of a public and private hospital and the prevalence of burnout among nursing professionals. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach to the data. The data collection took place between October 2018 and March 2019, and it was carried out through a questionnaire with socio-occupational variables and with metrics of intensity. The practice environment was assessed through the Nursing Work Index Revised (NWI-R); and the burnout was assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (IBM). We included professionals with, at least, six months of employment, and those who were on leave or on a fixed-term employment contract were excluded. Results: The sample consisted of 296 professionals. We found Favorable environments in both institutions, however, low results in the subscales autonomy, control and organizational support in the private hospital. The prevalence of burnout among nurses was 2.5% in the public hospital and 9.1% in the private hospital, and among nursing technicians, it was 9.5% and 8.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The control of the environment, autonomy and support were considered critical points, referring to the importance of assessing institutions factors, that can improve the working conditions for the nursing team.
Work conditions and their repercussions on the quality of life of rural workers
Authors: de Oliveira Jeane Cristina Anschau Xavier , de Paula Corrêa Áurea Christina , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina , Marcon Samira Reschetti , Rosa Isabele Torquato Mozer , Dalprá Luanna Arruda e Silva
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the context of work and analyze their repercussions on the quality of life of rural workers in soybean agribusiness. Method: Cross-sectional study, with an intentional sample of rural workers, conducted between the months of October and December 2019, with the application of the instruments World Health Organization Quality Life-bref and Scales of Assessment of Context and Human Cost of Work. The data were analyzed through bivariate and multivariate descriptive statistics. Results: The participants amounted to 299 rural workers. The scores of Work Conditions and Socioprofessional Relations were satisfactory and Organization of Work was critical. The scores of Physical and Cognitive costs were considered critical and of the Affective Cost was satisfactory. The Socioprofessional Relations have negatively impacted the overall quality of life and the Physical and Psychological, the Social Relations and the Environmental Domains, whereas Cognitive Cost positively impacted the Physical and the Environmental Domain and the Affective Cost positively impacted the Social Relations Domain. Conclusion: Although the Work Context and Human Cost indicated adverse conditions, only the Socioprofessional Relations exerted negative influences on the quality of life of rural workers.
Securitising Covid-19? The Politics of Global Health and the Limits of the Copenhagen School
Authors: Duarte Daniel Edler , Valença Marcelo M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked controversies over health security strategies adopted in different countries. The urge to curb the spread of the virus has supported policies to restrict mobility and to build up state surveillance, which might induce authoritarian forms of government. In this context, the Copenhagen School has offered an analytical repertoire that informs many analyses in the fields of critical security studies and global health. Accordingly, the securitisation of COVID-19 might be necessary to deal with the crisis, but it risks unfolding discriminatory practices and undemocratic regimes, with potentially enduring effects. In this article, we look into controversies over pandemic-control strategies to discuss the political and analytical limitations of securitisation theory. On the one hand, we demonstrate that the focus on moments of rupture and exception conceals security practices that unfold in ongoing institutional disputes and over the construction of legitimate knowledge about public health. On the other hand, we point out that securitisation theory hinders a genealogy of modern apparatuses of control and neglects violent forms of government which are manifested not in major disruptive acts, but in the everyday dynamics of unequal societies. We conclude by suggesting that an analysis of the bureaucratic disputes and scientific controversies that constitute health security knowledges and practices enables critical approaches to engage with the multiple – and, at times, mundane – processes in which (in)security is produced, circulated, and contested.
Entrenching the Problem? International Organizations and Their Engagement in Latin America to Address Violence: The Case of the European Union in the Northern Triangle
Authors: Lehmann Kai
Published: August 2021

Abstract Latin America is the most violent region in the world. Yet, decades of political and financial investment by the international community have not had the desired results. Using the work of the European Union in the Northern Triangle of Central America as a case study, this article asks what explains this failure. Utilizing the conceptual framework of Complexity and Human System Dynamics, it argues that current policies actually entrench the pattern of conditions which lead to, and sustain, violence. It shows how, by reconceptualizing this problem using the concepts of Complexity, policies could be made more effective and sustainable.
Pasture organic management using thermopotassium and thermophosphate in the Cerrado region
Authors: Soares João Paulo Guimarães , Ramos Allan Kardec Braga , Braga Gustavo José , Marchi Giuliano , Oliveira Euclides Reuter de , Gandra Jefferson Rodrigues , Fernandes Francisco Duarte , Oliveira Alexsandra Duarte de , Malaquias Juaci Vitória , Martins Eder de Souza
Published: August 2021

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the thermopotassium and thermophosphate agrominerals, as sources of P and K, in an organic pasture consortium of 'Marandu' Urochloa brizantha + Stylosanthes spp. in the Brazilian Cerrado. The organic management was compared with conventional farming using chemical fertilizers, during three years, in two adjacent experiments, one with and the other without previous growth of green manure (Crotalaria juncea). The management treatments were: conventional, with the application of 200 kg ha-1 potassium chloride, 260 kg ha-1 triple superphosphate, and 217 kg ha-1 urea; organic, with the application of 1.0 Mg ha-1 thermophosphate, 2.0 Mg ha-1 termopotassium, and 7.0 Mg ha-1 chicken manure; and control, without fertilizers. Soil fertility, dry mass production, and legume content in the pasture were evaluated. The experiment with green manure resulted in a significant increase in the soil-extractable contents of P and K and in pasture productivity. In the organic treatment, due to the slow release of agromineral nutrients, long-term effects are observed on the soil-extractable contents of P and K.
Flexural behaviour of prestressed reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon plate
Authors: Jelušič Primož
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the effect of carbon plate length on the deflection and ultimate moment of resistance of a prestressed flexural member. Numerical and experimental results are also included. Three typical failure modes were observed in the experimental programme: bending failure, end shear failure and peeling off of the carbon plate. The geometry of the beam was chosen so that three typical failure modes occurred when different carbon plate lengths were applied. The experimental results show that for the selected geometry of the prestressed concrete beam, the ultimate moment capacity of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthened beams is up to 3.66 times that of beams without CFRP reinforcement. However, the stiffness can be increased by as much as 52% using CFRP. Non-linear analyses of pre-tensioned beams, with and without CFRP strengthening, were compared with respect to the ultimate limit state. The experimental test results and numerical calculations showed very good agreement in terms of the yield load and ultimate load.
Impaired Tubular Secretion of Organic Solutes in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mair Robert D. , Lee Seolhyun , Plummer Natalie S. , Sirich Tammy L. , Meyer Timothy W.
Published: August 2021

Significance Statement

In patients with CKD, the clearance of waste solutes removed by tubular secretion may be altered to an extent that is disproportionate to the reduction in the GFR. However, an average change in the clearance of secreted waste solutes relative to the GFR in CKD has not been reported, possibly because studies performed so far have included few subjects with advanced CKD. The authors found that the secretory clearance of many waste solutes is reduced relative to the GFR in patients with an eGFR<12 ml/min per 1.73 m2. As patients approach dialysis, to the extent that secreted solutes contribute to uremic symptoms, reductions in fractional clearances of secreted solutes might cause such symptoms to increase out of proportion to the reduction in GFR.

Background

The clearance of solutes removed by tubular secretion may be altered out of proportion to the GFR in CKD. Recent studies have described considerable variability in the secretory clearance of waste solutes relative to the GFR in patients with CKD.

Methods

To test the hypothesis that secretory clearance relative to GFR is reduced in patients approaching dialysis, we used metabolomic analysis to identify solutes in simultaneous urine and plasma samples from 16 patients with CKD and an eGFR of 7±2 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and 16 control participants. Fractional clearances were calculated as the ratios of urine to plasma levels of each solute relative to those of creatinine and urea in patients with CKD and to those of creatinine in controls.

Results

Metabolomic analysis identified 39 secreted solutes with fractional clearance >3.0 in control participants. Fractional clearance values in patients with CKD were reduced on average to 65%±27% of those in controls. These values were significantly lower for 18 of 39 individual solutes and significantly higher for only one. Assays of the secreted anions phenylacetyl glutamine, p-cresol sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, and hippurate confirmed variable impairment of secretory clearances in advanced CKD. Fractional clearances were markedly reduced for phenylacetylglutamine (4.2±0.6 for controls versus 2.3±0.6 for patients with CKD; P<0.001), p-cresol sulfate (8.6±2.6 for controls versus 4.1±1.5 for patients with CKD; P<0.001), and indoxyl sulfate (23.0±7.3 versus 7.5±2.8; P<0.001) but not for hippurate (10.2±3.8 versus 8.4±2.6; P=0.13).

Conclusions

Secretory clearances for many solutes are reduced more than the GFR in advanced CKD. Impaired secretion of these solutes might contribute to uremic symptoms as patients approach dialysis.
When pragmatics matters more for truth-value judgments: An investigation of quantifier scope ambiguity
Authors: Scontras Gregory , Pearl Lisa S.
Published: August 2021

Investigations of linguistic meaning rely crucially on truth-value judgments, which assess whether a sentence can truthfully describe a given scenario. In investigations of language acquisition, truth-value judgments are used to assess both the target knowledge adults have and the developing knowledge children have at different ages. On the basis of truth-value judgments, researchers have concluded that differences between how children resolve ambiguous utterances and how adults do so persist until at least age five. Current explanations compatible with the experimental data attribute these differences to both grammatical processing and pragmatic factors. Here, we use computational cognitive modeling to formally articulate one hypothesis about the ambiguity-resolution process that underlies child and adult judgments in a truth-value judgment task; crucially, the model can separate out the individual contributions of specific grammatical processing and pragmatic factors to the resulting judgment behavior. We find that pragmatic factors play a larger role than grammatical processing factors in explaining children’s non-adult-like ambiguity resolution behavior. Interestingly, the model predicts qualitative similarity between child and adult ambiguity resolution. Given this prediction, we then extend our model to show how the same processes may be active in adult ambiguity resolution. This result supports continuity in the development of ambiguity resolution, where children do not qualitatively change how they resolve ambiguity in order to become adult-like. We discuss the implications of our results for acquisition more generally, including both theories of development and methods for assessing that development, as well as the generalizability of this model of ambiguity resolution beyond the specific cases we consider.
URBAN VEGETATION AND MORPHOLOGY PARAMETERS AFFECTING MICROCLIMATE AND OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT IN WARM HUMID CITIES – A REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN THE PAST DECADE
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Dissanayake C. , Weerasinghe UGD ,   University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Wijesundara KWJP ,   University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
Published: August 2021

Urbanization provokes major modifications to the natural landscape. As the urban population reaches 60% of the world's population by 2030, this constant development, neglecting the planning and design of open spaces, negatively affects microclimate. This leads to local climate change, urban heat islands, and outdoor thermal discomfort. This paper is based on the recent studies of urban morphology and vegetation parameters affecting urban microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort in warm, humid cities in the past decade. Results revealed that three factors are of paramount importance and affect the thermal comfort level; urban space morphology, the orientation of elements and spaces, and vegetation. Therefore, Scenario developments for micrometeorological simulations should be processed considering the identified parameters of urban morphology and vegetation which are further categorized as parameters of geometry, density, configuration, and the physical properties of plants. However, the Configuration of urban vegetation that affects the thermal comfort of urban spaces has not received adequate attention in previous research yet. Thus, future research is needed considering the planting patterns, arrangement of various species, and planting orientations with prevailing wind conditions. By the end of this review, a theoretical framework is suggested as an approach to assess the impact of urban vegetation and morphology parameters on outdoor thermal comfort in warm, humid climates. The framework guides further research adopting more specific and comprehensive approaches of urban vegetation configuration with reference to specific urban morphologies to improve the local microclimate of cities, where the space for planting is critical. Keywords: urban vegetation, urban morphology, vegetation configuration, outdoor thermal comfort, warm humid cities, Climate change
ASSESSMENT OF URBAN ECOSYSTEMS: A STRUCTURED APPROACH TOWARDS BUILDING RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDIAN TOWNS AND CITIES
Authors:   Planning and Building, Aga Khan Agency for Habitat, India, Roy S. , Pujari D. ,   Planning and Building, Aga Khan Agency for Habitat, India, Saraswat M. ,   Planning and Building, Aga Khan Agency for Habitat, India
Published: August 2021

The fast-urbanizing Indian cities are grappling with rising ecological challenges. Pollution, water insecurity, urban heat, and flooding have increased the vulnerability of the urban population. There is a need to look at urban settlements as a functioning natural ecosystem delineated by administrative boundaries and to evaluate their health regularly through a comprehensive, easy to adopt, structured approach. This study aims to track and evaluate the ecosystem health of three different categories of urban settlements: a group of metropolitan wards, a growing peripheral city, and an emerging town, through adaption of Pressure- State-Response (PSR) framework developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’. The methodology includes indices-driven change detection of ecosystem components and pressure points on the same, by using spatial and non-spatial data, developing an impact matrix, and prioritized eco plans for action. Increasing built-up surfaces in the peripheral city (11%) and the metropolitan wards (23%) show increased pressure on their ecosystem in the form of reducing pervious surfaces. Increasing water turbidity, land surface temperatures, and aerosol content in the air depict pressure hotspots requiring mitigative, restorative, and preventive action. A significant decrease observed in heavy vegetation in the metropolitan wards (58% in the last 5 years) and an increase in industrial activities and aerosol is observed in conjunction with increasing air temperatures and this points towards an impending change in its livability index due to anthropogenic pressures and climate change. The study concludes that a structured approach can aid in agile and sustainable management of our towns and cities and nature-based solutions provide an opportunity to restore the ecosystem balance. Keywords: Urban Assessment Nature-based solutions, Ecosystem Health, Urban Ecosystem, Urban management
ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT COMMON LAB CONTAMINANT Trichoderma spp IN OYSTER MUSHROOM PRODUCTION USING AGROBASED INDUSTRY’S BY-PRODUCTS
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, Perera TVRC , Pakeerathan K ,   Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, Nirosha A ,   Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Published: August 2021

An abundant supply of low-cost substrate and management of green mold disease-causing fungus Trichoderma are the major hurdles in successful mushroom production. This study aimed to identify the best Agro-based industry’s by-products as a substitute for oyster mushroom production (Pleurotus ostreatus) while managing fungal contaminants eco-friendly. Two sets of In-Vitro [containing 20% extracts, from agro-based industries, such as coffee waste powder, tea dust and Mahua oil cake] and In-Vivo experiments [four substrates such as paddy straw, wood sawdust, paddy husk and banana leaves were incorporated with coffee powder, tea dust and Mahua oil cake] were prepared separately. All the experiments were conducted using a complete randomized design with three replicates. The In-Vitro data [mycelial growth and sporulation of both fungi], In-Vivo data [mycelial mushroom run, pinhead formation and yield] were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT mean separation using SAS 9.1 statistical package at P <0.05. In-Vitro results showed that the Trichoderma mycelial growth was significantly minimum in Mahua (2.5 cM) and coffee (3.6 cM) in comparison to control, whereas, with decreasing concentration of coffee, tea, and Mahua extract P. ostreatus showed enhanced growth. Trichoderma sporulation had significantly affected coffee treatment, and even not sporulate in Mahua treated plants. The In-Vivo experiment proved that spawn run was consistent and significant among the treatments when mixed tea (20 days) and coffee (21 days), respectively, at P <0.05. Treatment wise coffee treated spawn bags took an average of 32.5 days, whereas, in tea-treated substrates, it was more than 36 days to form pinhead. Mahua treated trials showed poor spawn run in all substrates, longer days of pinhead formation, and lower yield. In contrast, the paddy straw + coffee treatment produced a significantly highest yield of 200.67g. When sawdust was the substrate, the addition of tea showed a significantly higher yield of 185.00g than coffee (145.00g). In conclusion, coffee and tea extracts have a significant effect on yield with paddy straw and sawdust while minimizing the growth of Trichoderma. Keywords: Pleurotus ostreatus, eco-friendly, plant extract, substrate, coffee, paddy straw
Zarf Kavramının Öğretiminde Örnek Ayrıntılama Stratejisinin Kavram Öğrenmeye, Kalıcılığa ve Transfere Etkisi
Authors: NERGİZ Dilber , AKBULUT TAŞ Mükerrem
Published: August 2021

Örnekler, kavramın daha somut ve anlaşılır hale gelmesini kolaylaştırdığı için kavramların öğrenilmesini olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkçe dersinde zarf kavramının öğretiminde örnek ayrıntılama stratejisinin kavram öğrenme başarısına, kalıcılığa ve transfere etkisi araştırılmıştır. Öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu deneysel modele göre desenlenen bu çalışma, ortaokul yedinci sınıf öğrencileri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubu, deney grubunda 30, kontrol grubunda 30 öğrenci olmak üzere 60 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veriler, okuduğunu anlama testi (OAT), kavram öğrenme testi (KÖT) ve transfer testi kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, bağımsız gruplar t testi ve kovaryans analizi (ANCOVA) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda deney ve kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerin okuduğunu anlama ve kavram öğrenme öntest toplam başarı puanları kontrol edildiğinde, kavram öğrenme sontest düzeltilmiş ortalamaları arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmıştır. Kalıcılık testi ve transfer testi düzeltilmiş ortalamaları açısından deney ve kontrol grupları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık belirlenmemiştir. Araştırmada ulaşılan bulgulara göre örnek ayrıntılama stratejisinin kavram öğrenmede kısmen etkili bir strateji olduğu belirtilebilir.
COVID-19 Salgınında Ergenlerin Umut, Psikolojik Sağlamlık ve Kişilik Özellikleri
Authors: SÖNER Osman , GÜLTEKİN Filiz
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmada COVID-19 salgın sürecinde sokağa çıkma yasağı olan ergenlerin psikolojik sağlamlık ve umut düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Buna ek olarak, salgın sürecinde sokağa çıkma yasağı olan ergenlerin sıfatlara dayalı kişilik özelliklerinin umut ve psikolojik sağlamlıklarını yordama düzeyinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu İstanbul Arnavutköy ilçesinde bulunan ve farklı liselerde öğrenim gören 2227’si kız (%60,1) ve 1477’si erkek (%39,9) olmak üzere toplam 3704 ergen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmış olup veriler, Sürekli Umut Ölçeği, Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği ve Sıfatlara Dayalı Kişilik Ölçeği ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, salgın sürecinde sokağa çıkma yasağı olan ergenlerin umut ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinde psikolojik desteğe ihtiyaç duyma, maddi desteğe ihtiyaç duyma, COVID-19 hastası yakını olma ve aile bireylerinin işten çıkarılma durumlarına göre anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, sıfatlara dayalı kişilik özelliklerinin ergenlerin umut ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerini anlamlı şekilde yordadığı saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda konuya ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur.
Bir Meydan Okuma: Geleneksel Tuvalet Eğitimine Karşı Yoğun Tuvalet Eğitimi
Authors: ÖNCÜL Nuray , YÜCESOY ÖZKAN Şerife
Published: August 2021

The present study aims to describe the participant and practice characteristics and evaluate the quality of single-subject experimental studies using traditional and intensive toilet training protocols to provide toilet training to children with developmental disabilities. In addition, this study aims to evaluate the evidence-based practices of traditional and intensive toilet training protocols for children with developmental disabilities. A systematic review was used in the study. In order to reach the related studies, a comprehensive electronic and manual search of the last 50 years was conducted and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to all studies accessed. The quality of the studies was evaluated, and then it was revealed whether they had evidence bases. Full texts of 65 out of 3025 studies were reviewed and inclusion criteria were applied to these studies. The design standards were applied to 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Two studies for traditional toilet training met design standards with reservations, and only one study met design standards for intensive toilet training. Based on the evidence base evaluation, both traditional toilet training and intensive toilet training are not yet evidence-based for children with developmental disabilities.
İlkokul Velilerinin Görüşlerine Göre COVID-19 Pandemisi
Authors: OKATAN Özlem , TAGAY Özlem
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmada ilkokul velilerinin COVİD-19’a bağlı pandemi süreci ile ilgili görüşleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada tarama modeli benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz döneminde toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya 31’i erkek 146’sı kadın, 177 ilkokul velisi katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre; ilkokul dönemindeki çocuklar ve veliler pandemi dönemi ile ilgili kaygılıdır. Veliler sırasıyla en çok eğitim, sağlık ve teknoloji bağımlılığı konusunda kaygılıdır. Çocuklar en çok virüsün ne olduğunu ve okula ne zaman döneceklerini sorgulamaktadır. Veliler pandemi ile ilgili olarak çocuklarına en çok virüsten korunma yollarını ve sürecin geçici olduğunu telkin etmektedir. Hem velilerin hem de çocukların pandemi sürecinde teknoloji kullanımı artmıştır. İlkokul çocuklarının büyük çoğunluğu uzaktan eğitim faaliyetlerine aktif katılmaktadır. Velilerin çoğunluğu uzaktan eğitim faaliyetlerini gerekli ama yetersiz bulmaktadır. Çocukların büyük çoğunluğu okula dönmeye isteklidirler. Veliler pandemi döneminin aile ilişkileri açısından olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri olduğunu düşünmektedir.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Bakış Açısından Zaman Yönetimi
Authors: DEMİRBİLEK Nesip
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğrencilerin zaman yönetimine ilişkin sahip oldukları yaklaşımları ve algıları metaforlar aracılığı ile ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomonolojik desen, çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde ise olasılıklı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında bir kamu üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 276 öğrenci yer almıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerine metafor cümlesi online olarak gönderilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde “içerik analizi” tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğrencilerin zaman yönetimi kavramına yönelik oluşturmuş oldukları metaforların, akıp gitme, beceri, çabuk tükenme, değerli olma, durdurulamama, düzen, telafisi olmayan, faydalı olma, zorlu süreç, kontrol, yönlendirici, deneyim, verimli olma, amaçlar, planlama, temel ihtiyaç ve sabır kategorileri altında toplandığı görülmüştür. Zaman yönetimi kavramına yönelik temalar incelendiğinde ise kendini akıntıya bırakma (uyum ve doğal ritimler) yaklaşımı, düzenli yaşam (kendini toparla) yaklaşımı, beceri yaklaşımı, zamana sahip çıkma (savaşçı / hayatta kalma) yaklaşımı ve hedef belirleme yaklaşımı temalarının oluştuğu gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin zaman yönetimi yaklaşımlarından çoğunlukla kendini akıntıya bırakma yaklaşımını, daha sonra düzen ve beceri yaklaşımlarını, çok az sayıda öğrencilerin ise savaşçı ve hedef belirleme yaklaşımlarını benimsedikleri belirlenmiştir.
Müzik Öğretmenlerinin Bakış Açısından Pandemi Döneminde Online Eğitim
Authors: TOPALAK Şefika
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırma, müzik öğretmenlerinin pandemi dönemi online eğitim ortamlarına yönelik görüşlerinin ne yönde olduğunu incelemek ve online eğitim sürecinde yaşadıkları eğitimin görünümünü belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması prensipleri ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubu, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi ile belirlenmiş ve on iki katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları aracılığı ile elde edilmiş ve içerik analizine tabi tutularak sonuçlandırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların teknolojik yönden yürütülen programdan kaynaklanan senkron hataları, cihazlara ulaşma, alt yapı ve internet erişiminde tüm eğitim paydaşlarının sorun yaşadığı, öğrencilerin derslere katılımının çok az olduğu, öğrenmeyi ölçmede eksiklik hissettikleri, uygulamaya yönelik konuları derslerine katamadıkları, ancak teknolojik becerilerinin arttığını, dijital içerikleri öğrenme etkinliklerine katmada gelişme hissettikleri, gelecekte online eğitimin olacağını düşündükleri tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre internet alt yapılarının güçlendirilmesi, ihtiyaç sahibi öğrencilerin ve öğretmenlerin belirlenerek cihaz desteğinin sağlanması, öğretmenlere konu ile ilgili hizmet içi kurslar düzenlenmesi önerilmiştir.
Propuesta metodológica para la gestión del sistema indígena de salud intercultural
Authors: Vélez-Álvarez Consuelo , Arias-Giraldo Viviana Andrea , Orozco-Castillo Liliana , Jaramillo-Ángel Claudia Patricia
Published: August 2021

Dada la lucha de reivindicación de derechos de los pueblos indígenas y sus procesos legislativos, las autoridades sanitarias deben articular la política pública en salud, según necesidades del contexto cultural para garantizar derechos como nutrición, atención con calidad y educación en salud según necesidades. El objetivo de este artículo es aportar es lineamientos metodológicos que contribuyan a adecuar y armonizar un Plan Territorial de Salud Pública con el Sistema Indígena de Salud Propio e Intercultural. Investigación crítico-propositiva, surge de la experiencia del trabajo de campo y análisis documental. Se obtuvo una ruta metodológica con siete etapas, cuya aplicación permite a la autoridad sanitaria un abordaje y gestión de la interculturalidad para el mejoramiento de la política pública en salud y el buen vivir de las comunidades indígenas. La implementación de esta ruta permite asumir las políticas que en materia de inclusión y gestión de interculturalidad en salud se vienen concretando en Colombia en los últimos años.
Você é o que Sente? Predizendo Afetos Positivos com a Personalidade
Authors: Santos Isabella Leandra Silva , Nascimento Amanda Nunes do , Nascimento de Lima Débora Cristina , Araújo Isaac Rodas , Pimentel Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2021

Afetos positivos são um conceito amplo que envolvem uma tendência individual a uma sensação de prazer e bem-estar. O objetivo do presente estudo é observar o papel da personalidade, da idade e do gênero na predição desse construto. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 207 estudantes universitários que responderam os itens referentes aos afetos positivos da PANAS, o Inventário de Personalidade de dez itens e questões sociodemográficas, sendo essas respostas analisadas utilizando análises descritivas, teste-t para amostras independentes, correlação bivariada e regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados indicaram que, apesar das variáveis sociodemográficas não terem um impacto significativo, os traços de personalidade conscienciosidade, abertura à experiência e extroversão formam um modelo de predição válido, que pode ser utilizado na compreensão maior dos afetos positivos e no uso prático desse construto.
Trabalho Noturno e Suporte Organizacional: Entrevistas com Trabalhadores de uma Indústria Gráfica
Authors: Boff Jamila , Gonçalves Júlia , Martins Lara Barros
Published: August 2021

A percepção de suporte organizacional ocorre quando o trabalhador entende que recebe apoio material e psicossocial da empresa a qual possui vínculo empregatício. Essa percepção de suporte pode ser alterada quando os empregados desempenham suas atividades laborais no turno noturno, que possui especificidades como o fato de acontecer em horário inverso ao da gestão da organização. Esta pesquisa objetivou caracterizar o trabalho noturno e a percepção de suporte organizacional para trabalhadores desse turno em uma indústria gráfica. Sete trabalhadores responderam a um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e a uma entrevista individual, submetida à análise de conteúdo. As consequências do trabalho no turno noturno apontadas foram menor rendimento e dificuldade de descanso. Destacou-se a falta de um líder formal nesse turno de trabalho, sendo esse o principal ator responsável por representar a empresa e fornecer suporte organizacional. Poucos benefícios e ações voltadas aos trabalhadores foram identificados por parte da empresa, o que minimiza a percepção de falta de suporte organizacional dos participantes. Este estudo lançou um olhar para trabalhadores que, muitas vezes, não recebem a mesma atenção da gestão de pessoas e precisam adaptar-se às ações desenvolvidas pela empresa.
Representações Sociais da Saúde para Profissionais do Sexo
Authors: Vitali Marieli Mezari , Cavaler Camila Maffioleti , Quadros Luiz Felipe Andrade , Nunes Rafael Zaneripe de Souza , Soratto Jacks , Castro Amanda
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi compreender as representações sociais de mulheres profissionais do sexo sobre saúde. A presente pesquisa é um estudo exploratório descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistadas 12 participantes, em situação de prostituição, moradoras da região Sul de Santa Catarina. Os instrumentos do estudo foram rede associativa e entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram submetidos a Classificação Hierárquica Descendente simples, realizada por meio do software IRAMUTEQ. O corpus foi dividido em 7 classes, denominadas: “Medo do HIV”, “Ameaça”, “Estado de saúde”, “Experiências”, “Médico”, “Preservativo” e “Hábitos”. Os resultados apontaram ambiguidade entre os termos saúde e doença para as profissionais do sexo, com as práticas de saúde adotadas apenas em situações extremas e ancoradas em experiências de cuidado na infância. ISTs e HIV foram amplamente citadas como um rótulo atribuído à profissão, objetificado na figura da prostituta. Identifica-se a necessidade de programas de Educação em saúde para profissionais do sexo destinados à promoção em saúde, conscientização sobre métodos de proteção e conhecimento sobre as ISTs existentes.