bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rigidity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A unified (evolutionary) account of linguistic and non-linguistic symptoms
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio , Progovac Ljiljana
Published: August 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibits not only behavioral symptoms of rigidity, but also, as we argue, linguistic symptoms of rigidity, which include rigid application of morpho-syntactic rules (over-regularization), as well as a tendency to interpret metaphorical, non-literal language literally, i.e. rigidly. In addition, it exhibits higher levels of reactive aggression. In this paper we propose a common evolutionary cause for these symptoms of ASD, connecting them to an enhanced striatal function and to a reduced control of the striatum by cortical structures, considering that the striatum is associated not only with reactivity and impulsiveness, but also with rigid, ritual, automated responses. Our framework sees the evolution of human species, and of human language more specifically, as a result of an intense feedback loop between the emergence of (early) language and human self-domestication forces (in essence, a reduction in reactive aggression responses and an increase of prosocial behavior), the feedback loop which was responsible for the relatively recent evolution of a denser connectivity in these brain circuits, gradually enhancing the mechanism for the cortical structures to better control the striatum. In addition to gaining a clearer view of how our cognitive distinctiveness evolved, this view promises to achieve a better understanding of the ASD etiology and symptomatology.
LGBTIQ+ Youth in Switzerland - Overview of Organisations, Key Actors, Policies, and Projects
Authors: Panel Swiss LGBTIQ+ , Lanfranconi Debra , Eisner Léïla , Theissing Leo , Hässler Tabea
Published: August 2023

Despite recent legal changes toward greater LGBTIQ+ (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex, queer) inclusion, LGBTIQ+ youth in Switzerland still face inequalities, rejection, and discrimination in several domains. LGBTIQ+ youth frequently report feeling "safe nowhere", especially when the usual protective factors – in the school, family, and friendship spheres – are deficient. Adolescents whose sexual and affective orientation is not exclusively heterosexual, who do not identify with their gender assigned at birth, or who are intersex are frequently the target of harassment-bullying and violence in the educational and recreational contexts. To identify existing services as well as gaps and needs of LGBTIQ+ youth on behalf of the LGBTI Youth Fund, the Swiss LGBTIQ+ Panel team conducted a mapping process of the organizations, key actors, policies, and projects that aim to support LGBTIQ+ youth in Switzerland. The findings that emerged from this mapping process provide an overview of the range of available supports and services while highlighting the disparities between cantons. We conclude with general recommendations regarding particularly marked gaps or challenges to be addressed in the coming years to promote social change toward an inclusive, equitable, and safe society for all youth in Switzerland.
Assessment of Fit of the Time-Varying Dynamic Partial Credit Model Using the Posterior Predictive Model Checking Method
Authors: Castro-Alvarez Sebastian , Sinharay Sandip , Bringmann Laura Francina , Meijer Rob , Tendeiro Jorge
Published: August 2023

Several new models based on item response theory have recently been suggested to analyze intensive longitudinal data. One of these new models is the time-varying dynamic partial credit model (TV-DPCM; Castro-Alvarez et al., 2023), which is a combination of the partial credit model and the time-varying autoregressive model. The model allows the study of the psychometric properties of the items and the modeling of nonlinear trends at the latent state level. However, there is a severe lack of tools to assess the fit of the TV-DPCM. In this paper, we propose and develop several test statistics and discrepancy measures based on the posterior predictive model checking method (PPMC; Rubin, 1984) to assess the fit of the TV-DPCM. Simulated and empirical data are used to study the performance of and illustrate the effectiveness of the PPMC method.
Parent attitudes towards data sharing in developmental science
Authors: Begum Ali Jannath , Holman Rebecca , Goodwin Amy , Heraty Siofra , Jones Emily J.H.
Published: August 2023

Data sharing in developmental science is increasingly encouraged, supported by funder and publisher mandates for open data access. Data sharing can accelerate the pace of discovery, link researchers with high quality analytic expertise to researchers with large datasets and democratise the research landscape to enable researchers with limited funding to access large sample sizes. However, there are also significant privacy and security concerns, in addition to conceptual and ethical considerations. These are particularly acute for developmental science, where child participants cannot consent for themselves. As we move forward into a new era of data openness, it is essential that we adequately represent the views of stakeholder communities in designing data sharing efforts. Here, we conducted a comprehensive survey of the opinions of 195 parents on data sharing in developmental science. Results showed that parents were generally supportive of curated, but not open, data sharing. In addition to individual privacy and security concerns, more altruistic considerations around the purpose of research were important. Parents overwhelmingly supported nuanced consenting models in which preferences for particular types of data sharing could be changed over time. This model is different to that implemented in the vast majority of developmental science research and is contrary to many funder or publisher mandates. The field should look to create shared repositories that implement features such as dynamic consent and mechanisms for curated sharing that allow consideration of the scientific questions addressed. Better communication and outreach are required to build trust in data sharing, and advanced analytic methods will be required to understand the impact of selective sharing on reproducibility and representativeness of research datasets.
Older adults exhibit enhanced multisensory gain: Evidence from a speech-in-noise and a discrimination task
Authors: Schneeberger Laura , Scarcelli Vanessa , Lynn Alyssa , Stevenson Ryan A
Published: August 2023

When individuals perceive sensory inputs through multiple sensory modalities, they incur perceptual and behavioural benefits. Older adults have been found to benefit more from such multisensory integration than younger adults. However, such findings have been inconsistent in the context of speech processing. In the current study, we examined age-related differences in multisensory gain using two tasks: a speech-in-noise task and a semantic discrimination task. In the first task, participants identified a single noun embedded in multi-talker babble. Stimuli were presented in auditory-only, visual-only, or audiovisual conditions, and perceptual accuracies were recorded. In the second task, participants identified whether they perceived a red or blue stimulus in either auditory-only (spoken word), visual-only (a red or blue circle), and audiovisual conditions, with response times recorded. Older adults exhibited more multisensory gain relative to younger adults in both speech perception and semantic processing tasks, even when accounting for unisensory declines associated with aging.
Two faces of holistic face processing: Facilitation and interference underlying part-whole and composite effects
Authors: Jin Haiyang , Hayward William , Cheung Olivia S.
Published: August 2023

Holistic processing, a strong tendency to process multiple features together, is regarded as a hallmark of face perception. Holistic effects can be revealed by several tasks, including the part-whole task (PW), standard composite task (SC), and complete composite task (CC). Although holistic effects are readily observed using these tasks, the lack of correlations among these effects and the mixed findings across these tasks when examining the effects among various populations or manipulations pose questions about how these effects should be understood. We distinguished facilitation and interference effects within the holistic effects in CC, and found that the holistic effect in PW appeared to be correlated with facilitation but not interference in CC, whereas the holistic effect in SC was correlated with interference but not facilitation in CC. These findings suggest that clarifying the roles of facilitation and interference is critical for understanding holistic face processing.
Moving On Gracefully: Navigating a New Relationship After Romantic Rejection
Authors: Qin Dongming , Wang Xin , Qin Jingmin , Zou Zhiling
Published: August 2023

Previous research has shown inconsistent findings on individuals’ behavior towards new others after rejection. The present study aimed to examine individuals’ behavior toward a new dating partner following romantic rejection. Participants were randomly assigned to either romantic rejection or control condition. Then they completed a Tangram Help/Hurt Task with a new dating partner with high or low possibility of acceptance (PA). Results revealed that individuals expressed significant prosocial behavior toward their new dating partner following romantic rejection, rather than displaying aggressive behavior. Furthermore, rejectees displayed more prosocial behavior toward a new dating partner with high PA than those with low PA. These findings support the social reconnection hypothesis in a romantic context and provide insight into initiating new romantic relationships.
Reexamining the Construct Validity of the First L2 Grit Test: A Conceptual Replication of the Scale-Construction Processes within Teimouri, Plonsky, and Tabandeh (2022)
Authors: Etchart Martiniano , Winke Paula
Published: August 2023

Teimouri et al. (2022) created an influential L2 grit scale that L2 researchers are using to investigate grit in second language acquisition (SLA) research. They first drafted 20 L2 grit items based on Duckworth et al.’s (2007) domain-general grit scale. They piloted the 20 items on 35 L1-Persian English learners and used the data to reduce the items to 12. They then presented 191 new L1-Persian English learners with the 12 items: After analyses, they reduced the items to 9 comprising two components, perseverance of effort and consistency of interest. Because of the importance of the scale on SLA research, we investigated whether we could reproduce the scale’s item-reduction from 20 to 9: That is, would the 20 original items reduce to the same 9 after similar analyses, but with data from a different learner sample? We had 582 L1-English learners of Spanish take the 20-item, L2 grit survey. The analyses did not lead us to the same 9 items; rather, 17 were retained with three factors. Post-hoc, we explored whether Teimouri et al.’s final 9-item, L2 grit model with two constructs would fit our new data using structural equation modeling. It fit, but with significant parameter-estimate differences that further question the composition of the effort and interest constructs. L2 grit may certainly be important for L2 learning, as researchers are finding by using the 9-item scale, but researchers should be aware that the field may not have a definitive way to measure L2 grit: in particular, we found “consistency of interest” to be uninformative with our sample. Researchers should continue to investigate how to best measure L2 grit and publish their data and data-analysis code with their L2 grit research, so that the scales can be better examined, and scores from them can be better interpreted.
Auditory free classification of gender diverse speakers
Authors: Merritt Brandon , Bent Tessa , Kilgore Rowan , Eads Cameron
Published: August 2023

Auditory perception of speaker gender has historically been assumed to operate within a binary framework of male or female. The prevalence of gender diversity and its associated sociophonetic variability motivates an examination of how listeners perceptually represent these diverse voices. Utterances from 30 transgender (1 agender individual, 15 non-binary individuals, 7 transgender men, and 7 transgender women) and 30 cisgender (15 men and 15 women) speakers were used in an auditory free classification paradigm, in which cisgender listeners categorized the speakers on perceived general similarity and gender identity. Multidimensional scaling of listeners’ categorizations revealed two-dimensional solutions as the best fit for general similarity categorizations. The first dimension was interpreted as masculinity/femininity, where listeners organized speakers from high to low fundamental frequency and first formant frequency. The second was interpreted as gender prototypicality, where listeners separated speakers with fundamental frequency and first formant frequency at upper and lower extreme values from more intermediate values. Listeners’ categorizations for gender identity collapsed into a one-dimensional space interpreted as masculinity/femininity. Results suggest that listeners engage in fine-grained analysis of speaker gender that cannot be adequately captured by a male versus female dichotomy. Further, varying terminology used in instructions may bias listeners’ gender judgements.
EL DISCURSO DE LA OTREDAD. TENSIÓN Y DISTENSIÓN EN LAS RELACIONES SOCIO-POLÍTICAS DE INTERDEPENDENCIA
Authors: Miranda David G.
Published: August 2023

El presente artículo busca realizar una reflexión sobrela problemática de la integración versus la alteridad en nuestro país, concretamente con el pueblo mapuche, como una relación sintomática de la construcción sociopolítica del Estado-Nación latinoamericano, en relación a ciertas constataciones extraídas de la experiencia histórica, transformadas en premisas para un análisis que exploreposibilidades de acción en un ámbito políticamente acotado por las limitantes propias de nuestra construcción social.
A QGIS pugin for GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: An application of developing alternative future land-use scenarios in Ghana
Authors: Chen Changjie , Guo Ziyi , Judge Jasmeet
Published: August 2023

In many West African countries, ongoing rapid urbanization urges reliable and proactive land use plans for sustainability purposes, which hinges on a complete assessment of land suitability. GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis (GIS-MCDA) is one of the most widely applied techniques in land use suitability analysis. It is pivotal that planners and analysts in the developing world have adequate support in conducting such analysis. To lower the financial and technological barriers, a new free and open-source software (FOSS) for GIS-MCDA is developed, called PyLUSATQ. It is designed as a QGIS plugin following a tight-coupling integration strategy, where analytic tools for GIS-based suitability analysis and MCDA are interconnected and seamlessly integrated into QGIS’s processing framework. With this implementation, users can create customized models with the PyLUSATQ tools using QGIS’s Graphical Modeler to automate the workflow for suitability analysis. PyLUSATQ is the first of its kind amongst all plugins published on the QGIS Python Plugin Repository, offering a range of tools for GIS-MCDA within the context of land use planning. To demonstrate its practical application, we created two 2050 future land-use scenarios in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The first scenario depicts a "business-as-usual" model, whereas the second shows an "alternative" scenario if a higher development density was adopted. Comparisons of such scenarios provide evidential support for making informed decisions on land use policies. Additionally, the methodology introduced here is easily replicable for developing new QGIS plugins based on third-party Python libraries.
Brief Reviews of Books and Products: “Breaking Ranks – How the Rankings Industry Rules Higher Education and What to Do About It”
Authors: Kingsley Danny
Published: August 2023

A review of Breaking Ranks—How the Rankings Industry Rules Higher Education and What to Do About It.
Confirmatory factor analysis of cognitive ability and its psychosocial correlates
Authors: Saha Bani , Pandey Neera , Sharma Pushpalata , . Yanjana , Kumar Mahendra
Published: August 2023

The present study was designed to find out the role of gender and age on cognitive abilities and confirmatory factor analysis of cognitive ability test (CAT)among school students. While employing descriptive survey method, the present study was conducted on a sample of 118 school students. The sample was selected by using random sampling techniques. Cognitive abilities test developed by Gupta and Lakhani, was used for data collection. ANOVA was used to find out the role of gender and age on cognitive abilities with the help of SPSS. Model fit was excellent in the sample for CAT (Chi-square test=4.871, df=5, p=0.511; Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.109; Standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)=0.073; Goodness of fit index (GFI)=0.947, McDonald fit index (MFI)=0.946). There was significant difference among the 13th, 14th and 15th age in mean score of memory. There were significant differences between male and female in mean score of awareness, memory and understanding. The CAT is suitable to measure the cognitive abilities in children of India. This study also contributes to the better understanding of the predictors like gender and age of cognitive abilities in a well-defined group of children.
Translanguaging in EFL Writing: Examining Student Exam Papers in an EMI Setting
Authors: AKKUŞ Mehmet , ATAŞ Ufuk
Published: August 2023

Translanguaging has recently emerged as a topic of interest in English Medium Instruction (EMI) contexts, where students are expected to demonstrate proficiency in English, particularly in academic writing. This paper explores the potential benefits of incorporating translanguaging practices in exam papers to support multilingual students' understanding and performance. Drawing on constructionist grammar as its theoretical framework, this study discusses the complexities of translanguaging in exam papers and provides practical examples of how it can be implemented in English literature classrooms, especially in EMI contexts. Embracing a mixed-methods design to comprehensively understand translanguaging practices in exam papers and their effects on student performances and using a sample of English literature students in Türkiye, the study analyses exam papers to explore translanguaging and its potential impact on students' written work. The findings suggest that translanguaging practices in exam papers facilitate students' comprehension and promote their confidence and engagement in learning. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of research on translanguaging in education and provides insights into how translanguaging practices can be effectively implemented in English medium instruction.
Caso atípico de ruptura diafragmática canina: Relato de caso
Authors: Amaral Catharina Meira , Miranda Emanuelle Dos Santos , Mota Gustavo Ferreira , Da Silva Ilana Sara Santos , Dos Anjos Jéssica Miranda , De Souza José Hermes , Carneiro Rodrigo Lima
Published: August 2023

Diaphragmatic rupture is a condition in which the diaphragm ruptures, resulting in displacement of the abdominal viscera into the chest cavity. It can be of congenital or traumatic origin and its diagnosis is usually made through radiography, where surgical intervention is the most appropriate treatment. This report describes a dog, mixed-breed, male, taken to the veterinary clinic after an automobile accident. The animal was hospitalized and released with a medication prescription, since the imaging exams did not show alterations. After the manifestation of several symptoms and a new X-ray, diaphragmatic rupture was diagnosed. After being submitted to surgery, excellent recovery made the prognosis favorable.
Pengembangan E-Modul Interaktif Menggunakan Adobe Animate CC Pada Materi Ikatan Kimia dan Bentuk Molekul SMA/MA Sederajat
Authors: Jamal hasibuan Lusiana
Published: August 2023

This research aims to develop an interactive e-module using the Adobe Animate Creative Cloud (CC) application on chemical bonds and molecular shapes that are valid and suitable for use in the learning process. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using the research design and development of the ADDIE model. Data collection techniques were carried out through library research and field studies, with data collection instruments using validation sheets and user response questionnaires. The research subjects consisted of 3 chemistry teachers and 26 students of class X SMA Negeri 2 Tambang and MAN 2 Pekanbaru City. The results and conclusions of this study are that the e-module developed is valid and feasible to use according to material validators and media validators with percentages of 98.83% and 97.20%, respectively. The results of the teacher response assessment get a score of 91.70% and the assessment by students gets a score of 96.01% with very good assessment criteria and can be used in the learning process. The conclusions of this study provide recommendations for further research related to the effectiveness of the use of e-modules when used in the learning process so that the developed e-modules prove to be effective for use during learning.
METAL BEARING AND SEALING STRUCTURES FOR UNDERGROUND AND PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES
Authors: Doroshenko Volodymyr , Yanchenko Olexander
Published: August 2023

The development of new technologies for the construction of multi-purpose protective structures reflects the current need to improve measures to protect civilian human and material resources (and dual purpose) and increase defense capability with the help of structures, buildings, storage and shelters. For a thorough assessment of known developments on this topic, a review of the history and achievements in the field of production and use of metal materials and structures in the construction of underground and protective structures was carried out, achievements and shortcomings were analyzed. The main attention was paid to the experience of large-tonnage production of cast iron tubing at the enterprises of the former USSR, as the closest to modern times of large-scale production with significant results, useful for study and improvement in design and technological directions. Since the sixties of the last century, 25,000 to 40,000 tons of cast iron tubing were produced annually in the former USSR for fastening underground structures of various purposes, including for protective and special facilities. Almost all the trunks of Metrobud, many trunks of the Ministry of Defense and other ministries of the former USSR constantly used cast iron tubing at their facilities. For the present time, the necessity and possibility of intensification of the construction of protective structures through the use of metal materials, in particular high-strength casting alloys, especially high-strength cast irons, as well as resource-efficient casting methods for the production of construction and protective segments or tubing, have been identified. The most suitable technology for such production of thin-walled lightweight metal products at the present time is the Lost Foam casting process, which, after improvements over the past decades, including thanks to 3D technologies and adaptation to the use of the latest alloys, has the potential to ensure the growth of both stationary and mobile construction protective structures.
The Contradictory Emotions of Gendered Labor
Authors: Zou Xiang
Published: August 2023

This article examines family care for sick older people in a rural hospital in Guangdong Province. Drawing on six months of fieldwork, I show how local families divide the duty of care for the elderly, and how care is perceived in local discourse. Specific attention is paid to competing notions of care and how their meanings are negotiated: neighbors and even family members often show themselves to be indifferent to elder care, and care work is feminized and devalued. At the same time, family members and daughters in particular have to shoulder duties of care. The contradictory emotions of gendered care work offer a vantage point to understand the changing dynamics of patriarchy, marketization, and state paternalism in China today.
Evil, Cosmological Capture, and Magical Disorder in Cyprus
Authors: Kyriakides Theodoros
Published: August 2023

The magical idiom of evil occupies an important position in numerous Christian societies. Cosmological capture refers to a historicized process through which Christian narratives and institutions attempt to integrate evil into dualist and oppositional cosmological schemas. This article begins by addressing the way that biblical stories of defeated magicians contribute to modern dynamics of cosmological capture. It then proceeds to address the role of evil in Cypriot society through narratives and descriptions of everyday rituals and events. As these narratives and rituals show, capture remains incomplete, and as evil extends beyond the limits of dualist categorization, the result is a situation of ‘magical disorder’: a cosmological arrangement in which evil manifests as an indifferent and inhuman force, which nevertheless conditions everyday experience and social relations.
Hatred Is Not Stronger Than Bonds
Authors: Belleau Jean-Philippe
Published: August 2023

One of the most disturbing phenomena during episodes of mass violence concerns individuals who hated a specific group and harmed some of its members while making exceptions for people they had a relationship with. A preexisting social tie, not moral consciousness, produces this aversion to harming a party to the relationship, even if rescuing vulnerable individuals contradicts personal beliefs, orders, or group loyalty. Hatred is stronger than bonds only when the latter are weak, fraught, or missing in the first place. I call this phenomenon relational exceptionalism. Bringing the anthropological literature on interpersonal relationships to bear on studies of mass violence, this article illustrates that to trigger relational exceptionalism, a relationship requires not reciprocity, trust, obligations, affinities, or nearness, but a degree of autonomy.
Determinants of epileptogenic zone identification and seizure outcome in children with refractory epilepsy undergoing stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Hsieh Jason K. , Sundar Swetha J. , Lu Elaine , Desai Ansh , Gupta Ajay , Moosa Ahsan N. , Bingaman William , Jehi Lara , Bulacio Juan
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this paper was to investigate the factors associated with successful epileptogenic zone (EZ) identification and postsurgical seizure freedom in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent first-time stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG).

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients younger than 18 years of age at the time of recommendation for invasive evaluation with SEEG who were treated from July 2009 to June 2020. The authors excluded patients who had undergone failed prior resective epilepsy surgery or prior intracranial electrode evaluation for seizure localization. For their primary outcome, the authors evaluated the relationship between clinical and radiographic factors and successful identification of a putative EZ. For their secondary outcome, the authors investigated whether these factors had a significant relationship with seizure freedom (according to the Engel classification) at last follow-up.

RESULTS

The authors included 101 patients in this study. SEEG was safe, with no major morbidity or mortality experienced. The population was complex, with an MRI lesion present in less than 40% of patients and patients as young as 2.9 years included. A proposed EZ was identified in 88 (87%) patients. Patients with an older onset of epilepsy (OR 1.20/year, p = 0.04) or epilepsy etiology suspected to be due to a developmental lesion (OR 8.38, p = 0.02) were more likely to have proposed EZ identification. Patients with a preimplantation bilateral seizure-onset hypothesis (OR 0.29, p = 0.047) and those who underwent longer periods of monitoring (OR 0.86/day, p = 0.006) were somewhat less likely to have proposed EZ identification. The presence of an MRI lesion was a positive factor on secondary analyses (OR 4.18, p = 0.049; 1-tailed test). Fifty percent of patients who underwent surgical treatment with resection or laser ablation achieved Engel class I outcomes, in contrast to 0% of patients who underwent neuromodulation. Patients with a preimplantation hypothesis in the frontal/parietal lobes had increased odds of seizure freedom compared with patients with a hypothesis in other locations (OR 3.64, p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatric SEEG is safe and often identifies a proposed resectable EZ. These results suggest that SEEG is effective in patients with frontal/parietal preimplantation hypothesis, with or without identified lesions on MRI.
Socioeconomic differences between medically and surgically treated prolactinomas: a retrospective review of 598 patients
Authors: Osorio Robert C. , Haddad Alexander F. , Hart Danielle M. , Goldrich Nathaniel , Badani Aarav , Kabir Aymen S. , Juncker Ryan , Oh Jun Y. , Carrete Luis , Peeran Zain , Chalif Eric J. , Zheng Allison C. , Braunstein Steve , Theodosopoulos Philip V. , El-Sayed Ivan H. , Gurrola José , Kunwar Sandeep , Blevins Lewis S. , Aghi Manish K.
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

Socioeconomic status (SES) is known to affect presentations and outcomes in pituitary neuroendocrine tumor resections, but there is a paucity of literature examining its impact specifically on patients with prolactinomas, who may be treated medically or surgically. The authors sought to determine whether SES was associated with differences in treatment choice or outcomes for prolactinoma patients.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed patient records at a high-volume academic pituitary center for prolactinoma diagnoses. Patients were split into medically and surgically treated cohorts. Race, ethnicity, insurance status, primary care physician (PCP) status, and zip code–based income data were collected and examined as socioeconomic covariates. Outcomes of interest included pretreatment likelihood of surgical cure, medical versus surgical treatment allocation, and posttreatment remission rates.

RESULTS

The authors analyzed 568 prolactinoma patients (351 medically treated and 217 surgically treated). Patients receiving surgery were more likely to have Medicaid or private insurance (p < 0.001) and have lower incomes (p < 0.001) than medically treated patients. Lower-income surgical patients were more likely to require surgical intervention for an indication such as tumor decompression than higher-income patients (p = 0.023). Surgical patients with a PCP had a higher estimated likelihood of surgical cure (p = 0.008), while no SES-based differences in surgical remission likelihood existed in the medical cohort. After surgery, surgical patients who achieved remission had significantly higher income than those who did not (p < 0.001). Other SES factors were not associated with surgical remission, and among medically treated patients, remission rates were not affected by any SES factor. Income was inversely related to prolactinoma size in both cohorts (surgical, p < 0.001; medical, p = 0.005) but was associated more prominently in surgical patients (surgical, −0.65 mm per $10,000; medical, −0.37 mm per $10,000).

CONCLUSIONS

While surgical prolactinoma patients were prone to income and PCP-related disparities, no SES disparities were found among medically treated patients. Income had a more pronounced association with tumor size in the surgical cohort and likely contributed to the increased need for surgical intervention seen in low-income surgical patients. Addressing socioeconomic healthcare disparities is needed among surgical prolactinoma patients to increase rates of early presentation and improve the outcomes of low-SES populations.
Perioperative complications and secondary retethering after pediatric tethered cord release surgery
Authors: Pan James , Boop Scott H. , Barber Jason K. , Susarla Srinivas M. , Durfy Sharon , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Goldstein Hannah E. , Lee Amy , Browd Samuel , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Hauptman Jason S.
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

Tethered cord syndrome refers to a constellation of symptoms characterized by neurological, musculoskeletal, and urinary symptoms, caused by traction on the spinal cord, which can be secondary to various etiologies. Surgical management of simple tethered cord etiologies (e.g., fatty filum) typically consists of a single-level lumbar laminectomy, intradural exploration, and coagulation and sectioning of the filum. More complex etiologies such as lipomyelomeningoceles or scar formation after myelomeningocele repair involve complex dissection and dural reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate operative complications and long-term outcomes of secondary retethering related to pediatric tethered cord release (TCR) at a tertiary children’s hospital.

METHODS

Medical records of children who underwent surgery for TCR from July 2014 to March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included demographics, perioperative characteristics, surgical technique, and follow-up duration. Primary outcomes were 60-day postoperative complications and secondary retethering requiring repeat TCR surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with complications and secondary retethering.

RESULTS

A total of 363 TCR surgeries (146 simple, 217 complex) in 340 patients were identified. The mean follow-up was 442.8 ± 662.2 days for simple TCRs and 733.9 ± 750.3 days for complex TCRs. The adjusted 60-day complication-free survival rate was 96.3% (95% CI 91.3%–98.4%) for simple TCRs and 88.7% (95% CI 82.3%–91.4%) for complex TCRs. Lower weight, shorter surgical times, and intensive care unit admission were associated with complications for simple TCRs. Soft-tissue drains increased complications for complex TCRs. The secondary retethering rates were 1.4% for simple TCRs and 11.9% for complex TCRs. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year progression-free survival rates in complex cases were 94.7% (95% CI 89.1%–97.4%), 77.7% (95% CI 67.3%–85.3%), and 62.6% (95% CI 46.5%–75.1%), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that prior detethering (OR 8.15, 95% CI 2.33–28.50; p = 0.001) and use of the operative laser (OR 10.43, 95% CI 1.36–80.26; p = 0.024) were independently associated with secondary retethering in complex cases.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the largest series to date examining postoperative complications and long-term secondary retethering in TCR surgery. Simple TCR surgeries demonstrated safety, rare complications, and low secondary retethering rates. Complex TCR surgeries presented higher risks of complications and secondary retethering. Modifiable risk factors such as operative laser use influenced secondary retethering in complex cases.
Transformasi Rezim Internasional: Kasus International Whaling Commission dalam Menghentikan Perburuan Ikan Paus
Authors: Rahmarilla Mawaddah Dhuha , Rijal Najamuddin Khairur , Rosyida Hamdan Nafiatur
Published: August 2023

This study analyzes why international regimes are undergoing transformation, with a study on the transformation of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in stopping whaling. There has been a development of the focus and objectives of the IWC which has caused the IWC to transform from a whaling regulatory regime to a whale conservation regime. The theoretical foundation of Oran R. Young is used to identify the factors that lead to regime transformation, which include Internal Contradiction, Underlying Structure of Power, and Exogenous Forces. The research method used is qualitative-descriptive. Data collection techniques used literature studies obtained through organizational documents, journal articles, research results, and information from the media. The results show that the transformation of the IWC from a regime that regulates whaling to a regime of whale conservation is influenced by several things that are constantly running such as the implementation of a moratorium on commercial whaling, the dominance and influence of anti-poaching states in IWC policies, polarization of IWC membership, and pressure from environmental-based organizations.

 

 
 
Penelitian ini menganalisis mengapa rezim internasional mengalami transformasi, dengan studi pada transformasi International Whaling Commission (IWC) dalam menghentikan perburuan paus. Dalam perjalanannya, telah terjadi perkembangan fokus dan tujuan IWC yang menyebabkan IWC bertransformasi dari rezim pengatur perburuan paus menjadi rezim konservasi paus. Landasan teori dari Oran R. Young digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan transformasi rezim, yang meliputi kontradiksi internal, pergeseran struktur kekuasaan, dan kekuatan eksternal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan yang diperoleh melalui dokumen organisasi, artikel jurnal, hasil penelitian, maupun informasi dari media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi IWC dari rezim yang mengatur perburuan paus menjadi rezim konservasi paus dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal yang berjalan konstan seperti implementasi moratorium perburuan paus komersial, dominasi dan pengaruh negara anti perburuan dalam kebijakan IWC, polarisasi keanggotaan IWC, serta tekanan dari organisasi berbasis lingkungan.
PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR ENTERPRISE PADA PT. BEBS TREND INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK TOGAF
Authors: Pratama Stevanus , Mujahiddin Ilham , Lorenza Selya , Heriyanto
Published: August 2023

Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah mengubah cara berbisnis secara signifikan, mendorong perusahaan untuk memperhatikan arsitektur perusahaan sebagai pendekatan strategis untuk mengelola kerumitan sistem informasi dan teknologi. PT. Bebs Trend Indonesia, sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang produksi dan distribusi makanan ringan. Seiring dengan perkembangan bisnis dan peningkatan jumlah cabang. Perusahaan menghadapi tantangan dalam pengelolaan data dan informasi yang ada. Beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah ketidakakuratan data, tidak adanya sistem yang menjadi penghubung antara proses bisnis divisi finance , warehouse , marketing, dan distribusi, permasalahan dalam pengolahan data dan kontrol dari masing-masing divisi, kesulitan mencari riwayat transaksi data yang sudah lewat serta pengarsipan yang berantakan, informasi yang didapatkan kurang sesuai, proses pembuatan laporan dan persetujuan yang membutuhkan waktu lama, dan sistem keamanan yang kurang baik karena belum terintegrasi. Oleh karena itu, skripsi ini membahas perancangan arsitektur enterprise untuk divisi marketing , warehouse , finance , dan distribusi pada PT. Bebs Trend Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang arsitektur enterprise untuk divisi marketing , warehouse , finance, dan distribusikan pada PT Bebs Trend Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) dengan menggunakan TOGAF Architecture Development Method . Hasilnya adalah perancangan arsitektur enterprise yang terintegrasi, terdiri dari lapisan bisnis, aplikasi, data, dan teknologi, dengan harapan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas proses bisnis di keempat divisi tersebut.
Симуляційні технології у навчанні інтернів та безперервній професійній освіті дипломованих лікарів-анестезіологів
Authors: Bielka Kateryna , Smirnova Мariya , Fomina Hanna
Published: August 2023

відповідальність за роботу життєво важливих функцій, яка лягає на анестезіолога під час виконання маніпуляцій, вимагає високого рівня навичок, особливо у критичних ситуаціях, тому впровадження та розширення сучасних інноваційних методів навчання – запорука постійного зростання якості підготовки лікарів-спеціалістів. У галузі анестезіології симуляційні тренінги, як інструмент навчання та оцінки набутих знань і вмінь, використовується як для лікарів, абітурієнтів післядипломної освіти, так і для студентів медичних університетів. Включення новітніх методик навчання, розширення бази технічних можливостей для курсантів забезпечує якісну та ефективну підготовки медичного персоналу перед початком його клінічної практики, що є запорукою безпеки для пацієнтів й зменшення навантаження на систему охорони здоров’я через зниження відсотка ускладнень, які виникають внаслідок людського фактора. Зменшення кількості ускладнень, які можуть виникати внаслідок недостатнього рівня підготовки фахівців, сприятливо впливає на систему охорони здоров’я в цілому. Покращення форми контролю придбаних навичок та компетенції дозволяють якісно й швидко виявляти помилки та виправляти їх. На кафедрі хірургії, анестезіології та інтенсивної терапії університету ім. О.О. Богомольця широко використовуються різноманітні освітні програми, що містять семінари, моделювання ситуацій та відпрацювання технічних навичок за допомогою манекенів та анестезіологічного обладнання, телесимуляційних тренінгів за допомогою відеообладнання (телевізорів, камер, проєкторів, планшетів). Вивчення й покращення методик проведення моделювання, збільшення матеріально-технічної бази для навчання, розширює можливості для впровадження новітніх методик лікування у клінічну практику. Успішність розвитку спеціалістів-анестезіологів потребує постійного удосконалення методів, що існують і опрацювання новітніх технологій і методів навчання за перспективними опрацьованими алгоритмами. Впровадження симуляційних технологій та технологій віртуальної реальності, а також їх адаптація до вимог сучасності та доопрацювання вже наявних тренажерів має великий перспективний потенціал для розвитку технологій навчання лікарів-анестезіологів у всьому світі. Розширення мережі навчальних центрів сприятиме збільшенню кількості спеціалістів анестезіологів в цілому. У майбутньому оптимізація симуляційних програм буде залежати від чіткого розуміння того, що можна і чого не можливо досягти за допомогою різних симуляційних моделей і обладнання.
Асоціація поліморфізмів генів GSTP1(A313G), MTHFR (С677T) та IL-10 (C819T) із ризиком виникнення гліобластоми
Authors: Gorbach Oleksandr , Skachkova Oksana , Shymon Daria , Khranovska Natalia , Glavatskyi Oleksandr , Zemskova Oksana
Published: August 2023

гліобластома одна з найбільш поширених злоякісних пухлин головного мозку з вкрай низькою виживаністю. Незважаючи на досягнення у вивченні молекулярного патогенезу та біології пухлин мозку, причини виникнення гліобластоми залишаються нез’ясованими. Дослідження останніх років вказують, що зміни у генах, які беруть участь у проліферації, диференціації та апоптозі клітин, можуть впливати на ризик виникнення онкологічних захворювань. Тож метою роботи було дослідити поліморфізми генів GSTP1(A313G), MTHFR (С677Т) та IL-10 (C819T) у хворих на гліобластому та проаналізувати їх зв’язок із ризиком розвитку цієї патології. Біологічним матеріалом для аналізу поліморфізмів генів GSTP1, MTHFR та IL-10 слугувала периферична кров хворих на гліобластому та практично здорових людей. Дослідження поліморфізмів генів проводилось за допомогою методу алель-специфічної ПЛР із використанням власних пар детекторів TaqMan MGB на основі флуоресцентних барвників, що призначені для виявлення однонуклеотидних замін. Встановлено, що частота мутантного алеля G гена GSTP1 у хворих становила 53,6% проти 32% у групі практично здорових людей. Розподіл генотипів гена GSTP1 у групі хворих відповідав закону генетичної рівноваги Харді-Вайнберга та статистично відрізнялась від показника у групі практично здорових людей і становив 0,538 проти 0,320 (χ2 = 13,10, р = 0,003). Визначено, що ризик виникнення гліобластоми є в 4,88 разів вищим у осіб, що є гомозиготними носіями мутантного алелю гена GSTP1 (генотип G313G) у порівнянні з іншими поліморфними варіантами. В результаті наших досліджень, було встановлено, що частота мутантного алеля С гена IL-10 у хворих становила 48,8%, що значно перевищує відповідний показник у групі практично здорових людей – 25%. Встановлено, що розподіл генотипів гена IL-10 у групі хворих відповідав закону генетичної рівноваги Харді-Вайнберга, частота мутантного алеля С гена IL-10 статистично відрізнялась від показника у групі практично здорових людей та становила 0,488 проти 0,250 (χ2 = 18,32, р = 0,00002). Встановлено, що існує асоціація між поліморфізмом гена IL-10 (C819T) та ризиком виникнення гліобластоми, у гомозиготних носіїв із генотипом Т819Т, ризик захворіти збільшується у 6,40 рази. Також нами було встановлено, що частота мутантного алелю Т гена MTHFR у хворих становила 35,0% проти 28,1% у групі практично здорових людей. Розподіл генотипів гена MTHFR у групі хворих відповідав закону генетичної рівноваги Харді-Вайнберга, а розподіл частот поліморфних варіантів ген показав відсутність статистично достовірних відмінностей між групою хворих та групою практично здорових людей (χ2 = 1,43 р = 0,23). Не було встановлено асоціації між поліморфізмом гена MTHFR (С677Т) і ризиком виникнення гліобластоми.
Взаємозв’язок різних триместрів вагітності і ризику COVID-19
Authors: Shumilina Tetiana , Tsmur Olga
Published: August 2023

у статті узагальнено питання в рамках наукової дискусії щодо взаємозв’язку різних триместрів вагітності і ризику COVID-19. Основна мета цього дослідження це оцінка впливу ризику  COVID-19 від часу зараження, а саме від різних триместрів, зрозуміти ризики ускладнень на різних термінах вагітності, оцінити вплив триместру інфікування COVID-19 на прогресування захворювання, визначити чи збільшується частота прогресування захворювання COVID-19 зі збільшенням терміну вагітності. Завдяки детальному вивченню літературних джерел, їхній систематизації та підходів до вирішення проблеми, було виявлено, що спалах пандемії COVID-19 у США призвів до понад 97 мільйонів заражень і понад 1,06 мільйона смертей. Зареєстровано приблизно 182 000 випадків захворювання серед вагітних жінок, і 285 випадків материнської смерті. Нормальна вагітність в основному пов'язана зі зниженням функціональної залишкової ємності легень на 20-30 % і збільшенням споживання кисню на 20 %. В результаті інфекції нижніх дихальних шляхів погано переносяться, особливо в третьому триместрі. Актуальність дослідження даної патології полягає в тому, що вагітні мають вищий ризик інфікування коронавірусом 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) у важкій або критичній формі порівняно з жінками того ж віку. Крім того, ця невідповідність посилилася під час сплеску варіанту Дельта. Підвищений ризик несприятливих наслідків для новонароджених і матерів пов’язаний із тяжким перебігом COVID-19 під час вагітності. Однак мало відомо про вплив часу зараження під час вагітності на такі ризики, тому це може призвести до помилок у лікуванні таких вагітних, що перешкоджає своєчасному, правильному лікуванню і профілактиці. У дослідженні використано методи бібліографічного та контент-аналізу літератури, порівняльного підходу та синтезу, а також семантичного групування відносно особливостей взаємозв’язку різних триместрів вагітності і ризику COVID-19. Усі документи, знайдені на різноманітних офіційних веб-сайтах були проаналізовані, а зібрану інформацію порівняли і згрупували. В статті наведено результати досліджень, які показали, що частота прогресування захворювання COVID-19 не відрізняється від триместру діагностики. Захворювання середнього, важкого або критичного ступеня розвивається майже у 10% вагітних, інфікованих вірусом SARS-CoV-2. Ці результати підкреслюють важливість профілактичних заходів, включаючи вакцинацію проти COVID-19 до або якомога раніше під час вагітності. Оскільки рівень вакцинації серед вагітних зростає, необхідні подальші дослідження, щоб зрозуміти прогресування захворювання. Подібним чином тяжкість захворювання та прогресування слід вивчати далі в умовах розвитку медичної терапії та еволюції нових варіантів SARS-CoV-2 і рецидивуючої інфекції. Тому необхідно й надалі досліджувати це питання, щоб отримати дані, орієнтовані на пацієнта та економічну ефективність. Результати даного дослідження можуть бути цікавими для лікарів первинної ланки, гінекологів та терапевтів