bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
With a Little Help from Your Friends: The Importance of High‐quality Friendships on Early Adolescent Adjustment
Authors: Waldrip Amy M. , Malcolm Kenya T. , Jensen‐Campbell Lauri A.
Published: May 2008

The unique contributions of peer acceptance, friendship, and victimization to adjustment were examined. How these relational systems moderate the influence of one another to influence adjustment was also investigated. Friendship quality, a unique aspect of friendship, was expected to be especially important for adjustment when other relational systems were poor. A total of 238 fifth to eighth graders (boys = 109) participated in the survey‐style paradigm. Youth participants completed measures assessing their friendships and peer relationships. Teachers provided assessments of adjustment. Adolescents who had lower levels of peer acceptance, number of friends, and friendship quality had greater teacher‐reported maladjustment. Friendship quality was also an important buffer against adjustment problems when peer acceptance and number of friends were low. The outcomes of this article suggest that an approach that includes examining the quality of adolescents' friendships, peer interactions, and interactive models of relationship dimensions are informative for understanding adolescents' general adjustment.
Special Needs, Relationship Type and Distributive Justice Norms in Early and Later Years of Middle Childhood
Authors: Frederickson Norah L. , Simmonds Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2008

Sensitivity to relationship type and level of need in distributing rewards for work done was investigated with classmates who were best friends, acquaintances, or children with special educational needs (SEN). Children (N = 142) aged 8–11 years completed measures of reward allocation, monitoring of task inputs and belief in a just world (BJW). An increase in children's sensitivity to relationship type and need was found with age in reward allocation and monitoring of task inputs. Among older children, BJW varied with relationship type and monitoring of task inputs. Findings support the characterization of relationships with acquaintances as exchange relationships, with best friends as symmetrical communal relationships, and with children who have SEN as asymmetrical communal relationships.
Isotropic Spectral Additive Models of the Covariogram
Authors: Powojowski Miro R.
Published: May 2008

A class of additive covariance models of an isotropic random process is proposed, motivated by the spectral representation of the covariance function. Model parameters are estimated by using a special case of the minimum norm quadratic estimation estimator, whose asymptotic moments have convenient expressions in terms of spectral densities. Fitting a model in this class is equivalent to fitting an additive model of the spectral density. The class of spectral additive models proposed is dense in the set of summable covariance functions having a spectral density, allowing approximately unbiased estimation of an arbitrary covariance function and its spectral density. Theoretical results are supported by numerical comparison with commonly used models. A procedure to assist model selection is proposed. The techniques are illustrated with an application to contaminant data.
Semiparametric Inference in Generalized Mixed Effects Models
Authors: Lombardía María José , Sperlich Stefan
Published: May 2008

The paper presents a study of the generalized partially linear model including random effects in its linear part. We propose an estimator that combines likelihood approaches for mixed effects models, with kernel methods. Following the methodology of Härdle and co-workers, we introduce a test for the hypothesis of a parametric mixed effects model against the alternative of a semiparametric mixed effects model. The critical values are estimated by using a bootstrap procedure. The asymptotic theory for the methods is provided, as are the results of a simulation study. These verify the feasibility and the excellent behaviour of the methods for samples of even moderate size. The usefulness of the methodology is illustrated with an application in which the objective is to estimate forest coverage in Galicia, Spain.
Non-Parametric Inference for Clustered Binary and Count Data when Only Summary Information is Available
Authors: Hall Peter , Maiti Tapabrata
Published: May 2008

Data in the form of pairs (X,Y), where the response Y is a count, arise in many applications, including problems involving stratified or two-stage sampling. Such data are often analysed by using random-effects models, where the distribution of Y, conditional on X and on an unobserved random parameter Θ, is taken to be either binomial or Poisson, and the distribution of Θ is connected through a link function to a random effect. The latter is sometimes supposed to be normally distributed, but that assumption can lead to serious biases if it is not satisfied. This difficulty has motivated an extensive literature on non-parametric techniques for cases where the random-effect distribution is unknown, but that methodology requires detailed cluster level data. No non-parametric techniques are available for instances where only summary data are accessible. We show that the random-effect distribution is actually non-parametrically identifiable from crude summary data, and we suggest a sieve method for inference in this case. Non-parametric approaches to both parameter estimation and prediction are introduced, and empirical techniques are developed for choosing tuning parameters. These methods are shown to outperform their parametric counterparts when the model is misspecified, and to perform almost as well as parametric methods when the model is correct.
Do Investors Under‐React to Information in Analysts' Earnings Forecasts?
Authors: Brown, Jr William D. , Pfeiffer, Jr Ray J.
Published: May 2008

Abstract:  In this paper, we highlight important consequences of the choice of deflator for conclusions regarding apparent patterns in stock returns. In particular, we focus on the use of share price as a deflator. Previous research has documented that there are patterns in stock returns related to the magnitude of share price, and consequently this relation has the potential to confound inferences about information variables that are scaled by share price. We show analytically the potentially misleading effects of using share price as a deflator in abnormal returns tests and identify several studies in the literature that have deflated candidate anomaly variables by price. We then select one previous finding—evidence of abnormal returns to a strategy based on share‐price‐scaled analysts' forecasts—as an exemplar of the problem. Taken as a whole, our findings indicate that after controlling for the systematic negative relation between share price and subsequent abnormal return there is no apparent mis‐weighting by investors of the information in analysts' earnings forecasts or abnormal returns to an investment strategy based on analysts' forecasts. These findings suggest that caution is warranted in the selection of deflators in anomaly studies and in the interpretation of findings of abnormal returns to share‐price‐scaled information variables.
State Discourses, Police Violence and Democratisation in Argentina
Authors: BONNER MICHELLE D.
Published: May 2008

Police violence is a persistent problem throughout Latin America despite the return of electoral democracy; it is pervasive and includes torture, murder and disappearances. Certainly institutional reforms aimed at changing police practice are important. However, it is equally important that state actors maintain a clear and relatively consistent discourse in favour of democratic policing. This article argues that, in the case of Argentina, state actors do not maintain a consistent position in favour of democratic policing and instead oscillate between denying the occurrence of police violence, justifying such police action and absolving themselves of responsibility.
Targets for ethanol action and antagonism in Loop 2 of the extracellular domain of glycine receptors
Authors: Perkins Daya I. , Trudell James R. , Crawford Daniel K. , Alkana Ronald L. , Davies Daryl L.
Published: May 2008

The present studies used increased atmospheric pressure in place of a traditional pharmacological antagonist to probe the molecular sites and mechanisms of ethanol action in glycine receptors (GlyRs). Based on previous studies, we tested the hypothesis that physical–chemical properties at position 52 in extracellular domain Loop 2 of α1GlyRs, or the homologous α2GlyR position 59, determine sensitivity to ethanol and pressure antagonism of ethanol. Pressure antagonized ethanol in α1GlyRs that contain a non‐polar residue at position 52, but did not antagonize ethanol in receptors with a polar residue at this position. Ethanol sensitivity in receptors with polar substitutions at position 52 was significantly lower than GlyRs with non‐polar residues at this position. The α2T59A mutation switched sensitivity to ethanol and pressure antagonism in the WTα2GlyR, thereby making it α1‐like. Collectively, these findings indicate that (i) polarity at position 52 plays a key role in determining sensitivity to ethanol and pressure antagonism of ethanol; (ii) the extracellular domain in α1‐ and α2GlyRs is a target for ethanol action and antagonism and (iii) there is structural‐functional homology across subunits in Loop 2 of GlyRs with respect to their roles in determining sensitivity to ethanol and pressure antagonism of ethanol. These findings should help in the development of pharmacological agents that antagonize ethanol.
Obese children show increased intimal wall thickness and decreased pulse wave velocity
Authors: Dangardt Frida , Osika Walter , Volkmann Reinhard , Gan Li‐Ming , Friberg Peter
Published: May 2008

Objective:  Childhood obesity confers an increased risk of vascular changes and adult cardiovascular disease. Using a high‐resolution ultrasound technique that enables separation of intimal and medial layers, we examined the intimal thickness (IT) and intimal–medial thickness (IMT) of radial (RA) and dorsal pedal (DPA) arteries and the pulse wave velocity (PWV) in overweight/obese children and adolescents and in healthy subjects.

Methods and results:  IT and IMT of RA and DPA and PWV were measured in 33 obese children and adolescents (13·9 ± 1·6 years) and in 18 matched lean controls (14·3 ± 2·2). Increased RA IT was found in the obese group, whereas no differences in RA IMT or medial thickness were observed. Obese females accounted for the entire difference in RA IT (P = 0·04). DPA IT was inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol in the obese group (−0·56, P = 0·0089). PWV was lower in the obese group than in the lean group (6·2 ± 0·8 versus 7·0 ± 0·9 m s−1, respectively; P = 0·001).

Conclusions:  Obese children and adolescents, primarily females, present with increased RA IT. The decreased PWV in the obese versus lean subjects might reflect general vasodilatation.
Early Stage Breast Cancer Treatments for Younger Medicare Beneficiaries with Different Disabilities
Authors: Iezzoni Lisa I. , Ngo Long H. , Li Donglin , Roetzheim Richard G. , Drews Reed E. , McCarthy Ellen P.
Published: May 2008

Objective. To explore how underlying disability affects treatments and outcomes of disabled women with breast cancer.

Data Sources. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program data, linked with Medicare files and Social Security Administration disability group.

Study Design. Ninety thousand two hundred and forty‐three incident cases of early‐stage breast cancer under age 65; adjusted relative risks and hazards ratios examined treatments and survival, respectively, for women in four disability groups compared with nondisabled women.

Principal Findings. Demographic characteristics, treatments, and survival varied among four disability groups. Compared with nondisabled women, those with mental disorders and neurological conditions had significantly lower adjusted rates of breast conserving surgery and radiation therapy. Survival outcomes also varied by disability type.

Conclusions. Compared with nondisabled women, certain subgroups of women with disabilities are especially likely to experience disparities in care for breast cancer.
National policies and the sectoral pattern of economic growth
Authors: Headey Derek D.
Published: May 2008

This article presents tests of whether the kinds of “national” policy variables used to explain cross‐country variation in the growth of aggregate GDP per capita can also successfully explain per capita growth in the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors of developing countries. There are four main results of interest. First, relative to nonagriculture, convergence is much slower in agriculture and the burden of population growth is generally much higher. Second, while orthodox economic policies share positive associations with economic growth in the nonagricultural sectors of developing countries, such policies fail to robustly predict variation in agricultural growth. Third, size of government indicators often yield an “unexpected” positive association with agricultural growth. And finally, although there is some evidence that fewer price controls are associated with faster agricultural growth, these associations are statistically quite weak and quantitatively quite small.
Perceived economic pressures and farmer ethics
Authors: James Harvey S. , Hendrickson Mary K.
Published: May 2008

We hypothesize that an increase in the economic pressures a farmer feels could result in that farmer being more tolerant of unethical conduct than farmers not experiencing economic pressures. To test this hypothesis, we use data from a survey of 3,000 Missouri farmers with farm sales in excess of $10,000 in 2005 in which farmers were asked how acceptable they considered various unethical or questionable farming practices. The survey also contained questions designed to measure perceived economic pressures. We find evidence that economic pressures result in a greater willingness of farmers to tolerate unethical conduct, particularly in the case of actions that have the potential of causing harm or that are influenced by law or contract. We also find that the more frequently a farmer reports observing an unethical action, the more accepting he is of it.
Compelling or irrelevant? Using number needed to treat can help decide
Authors: Citrome L.
Published: May 2008

Objective:  The metric of number needed to treat (NNT), defined as the number of patients who need to be treated to achieve one additional favorable outcome, can help clinicians appraise claims that one intervention is meaningfully superior to the other.

Method:  A review of the use of NNT to evaluate the differences between interventions in the treatment of depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Instead of using disparate measures such as point change on a rating scale, kilograms gained over time or relative differences, results can be converted into a common unit of measure –‘patient units’– so that the clinician can anticipate how often actual differences between interventions would be expected to be observed. Calculation of NNT is demonstrated using reports published in the psychiatric literature, together with different graphical techniques to display this.

Results:  Clinical trial results expressed as NNT can be easily summarized and communicated effectively to patients, their families and payers. Limitations include ensuring that the NNT metric is calculated from well‐designed and well‐conducted research that enrolls subjects similar to patients that one treats in actual clinical practice, with doses of medications similar to what is used in the ‘real world’. Direct calculation of NNT is limited to binary or dichotomous outcomes.

Conclusion:  Using NNT can help predict treatment response in terms of both efficacy and tolerability.
Single minimally invasive surgical technique with an enamel matrix derivative to treat multiple adjacent intra‐bony defects: clinical outcomes and patient morbidity
Authors: Cortellini Pierpaolo , Nieri Michele , Pini Prato Giovanpaolo , Tonetti Maurizio S.
Published: May 2008

Aims: This case cohort study was designed to evaluate the clinical performance and the intra‐operative and post‐operative morbidity of the “minimally invasive surgical technique” (MIST) associated with the application of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in the treatment of multiple deep intra‐bony defects in a single surgical procedure.

Material and Methods: Forty‐four deep intra‐bony defects in 20 patients (2 defects/patient) were surgically accessed with the MIST. This technique was designed to limit the mesio‐distal flap extension and the apical flap reflection in order to reduce the surgical trauma and increase flap stability. The incision of the defect‐associated papilla was performed according to the principles of the papilla preservation techniques. EMD was applied on the debrided and dried root surfaces. Stable primary closure of the flaps was obtained with modified internal mattress sutures. Surgery was performed with the aid of an operating microscope and microsurgical instruments. Clinical outcomes were collected at baseline and at 1 year. Intra‐operative and post‐operative morbidity was evaluated with questionnaires.

Results: The 1‐year clinical attachment level (CAL) gain was 4.4±1.4 mm (p<0.0001 compared with baseline). Seventy‐three per cent of defects showed CAL improvements 4 mm. This corresponded to an 83±20% resolution of the defect (15 defects were completely filled). Residual probing pocket depths (PDs) were 2.5±0.6 mm. A minimal increase of 0.2±0.6 mm in gingival recession between baseline and 1 year was recorded. Twelve patients reported a mild perception of the hardship of the surgical procedure. Primary closure was obtained and maintained in all treated sites over time. Only six subjects reported moderate post‐operative pain that lasted for 21±5 h.

Conclusions: These data indicate that a MIST in combination with EMD can be applied successfully for the treatment of multiple deep intra‐bony defects in the same surgical procedure with excellent clinical outcomes and very limited patient morbidity.
Increased T cell immunoglobulin mucin‐3 and its ligand in acquired aplastic anemia
Authors: Zhang Jian , Gu Yan , Xu Conggao , Qu Xun
Published: May 2008

T cell immunoglobulin mucin‐3 (TIM‐3) is recently described as a T helper 1 (Th)1‐specific molecule, participating in the regulation of immune responses and the pathogenesis of Th1‐driven diseases. The TIM‐3 pathway, however, has not been investigated in acquired aplastic anemia (AA). In this study, we examined the expression of TIM‐3 and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) at both transcript and protein levels in 29 acquired AA patients and in 31 controls. Increased mRNA expression of TIM‐3 and IFN‐γ were observed in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow mononuclear cells from AA patients and controls using quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. An increase of TIM‐3 expression on PBMCs was detected increased in AA patients by flow cytometry. An overproduction of IFN‐γ was determined in the sera from AA patients by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. In addition, the expression of TIM‐3 ligand, galectin‐9, increased in PBMCs from AA patients. The results are the first human data to demonstrate the increase of TIM‐3 expression in AA. The enhanced TIM‐3 engagement by its ligand in AA patients may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
A plaidoyer for cutaneous enzymology: our view of some important unanswered questions on the contributions of selected key enzymes to epidermal homeostasis
Authors: Wood John M. , Schallreuter Karin U.
Published: May 2008

Abstract:  This review highlights the importance of enzymology, a field of great neglect in current cutaneous biology research. It was therefore the aim by using selected examples of epidermal enzymes and their action including some open questions to demonstrate the importance of this area. Clearly a thorough understanding of basic knowledge in this field is needed which in turn offers a plethora of innovative research projects for a curious mind. Moreover, in order to gain the closest understanding to the truth instead of generating esoteric results, emphasis is put forward on a holistic view utilizing a combination of modern and sometimes old methods to get the answer. Last but not least the bench work is only useful for the welfare of our patients if we can apply our basic knowledge.
ROCK‐regulated cytoskeletal dynamics participate in the inhibitory effect of melatonin on cancer cell migration
Authors: Ortíz‐López Leonardo , Morales‐Mulia Sandra , Ramírez‐Rodríguez Gerardo , Benítez‐King Gloria
Published: May 2008

Abstract: Cell movement is generated by a driving force provided by dynamic cytoskeletal organization. Two main cytoskeletal‐dependent features, essential for migration, are the highly cell polarized structure and focal adhesion complexes. Cell migration and substrate anchorage are finely regulated by external signaling exerted by growth factors and hormones. In particular, the serine threonine kinase activated by the small GTPase Rho, the Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK), participate in both processes through regulation of actin rearrangements in lamellipodia, filopodia, ruffles, and stress fibers. Melatonin, the main product secreted by the pineal gland has oncostatic properties. In MCF‐7 cells, 1 nmmelatonin reduces migration and invasiveness through increased expression of two cell surface adhesion proteins, E‐cadherin andβ1‐integrin. In this work, we studied the microfilament and microtubule rearrangements elicited by melatonin in migrating leader MCF‐7 cells by a wound‐healing assay. Additionally, cell anchorage was estimated by quantification of focal adhesions in MCF‐7 cells cultured with melatonin. ROCK participation in the indole effects on anchorage and migration was explored by inhibition of the kinase activity with the specific inhibitor of ROCK, the Y‐27632 compound. The results indicate that ROCK participates in the melatonin inhibitory effects on cell migration by changing cytoskeletal organization of leader MCF‐7 cells. Also, they indicated that indole increased the number of focal contacts through ROCK. These results support the notion that melatonin inhibits cancer cell invasion and metastasis formation via ROCK‐regulated microfilament and microtubule organization that converge in a migration/anchorage switch.
A fluorescence energy transfer‐based mechanical stress sensor for specific proteins in situ
Authors: Meng Fanjie , Suchyna Thomas M. , Sachs Frederick
Published: May 2008

To measure mechanical stress in real time, we designed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) cassette, denoted stFRET, which could be inserted into structural protein hosts. The probe was composed of a green fluorescence protein pair, Cerulean and Venus, linked with a stable α‐helix. We measured the FRET efficiency of the free cassette protein as a function of the length of the linker, the angles of the fluorophores, temperature and urea denaturation, and protease treatment. The linking helix was stable to 80 °C, unfolded in 8 m urea, and rapidly digested by proteases, but in all cases the fluorophores were unaffected. We modified the α‐helix linker by adding and subtracting residues to vary the angles and distance between the donor and acceptor, and assuming that the cassette was a rigid body, we calculated its geometry. We tested the strain sensitivity of stFRET by linking both ends to a rubber sheet subjected to equibiaxial stretch. FRET decreased proportionally to the substrate strain. The naked cassette expressed well in human embryonic kidney‐293 cells and, surprisingly, was concentrated in the nucleus. However, when the cassette was located into host proteins such α‐actinin, nonerythrocyte spectrin and filamin A, the labeled hosts expressed well and distributed normally in cell lines such as 3T3, where they were stressed at the leading edge of migrating cells and relaxed at the trailing edge. When collagen‐19 was labeled near its middle with stFRET, it expressed well in Caenorhabditis  elegans, distributing similarly to hosts labeled with a terminal green fluorescent protein, and the worms behaved normally.
AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF POSTTRAINING ON‐THE‐JOB SUPPLEMENTS FOR ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERPERSONAL SKILLS TRAINING
Authors: TEWS MICHAEL J. , TRACEY J. BRUCE
Published: May 2008

This study examined the impact of 2 posttraining on‐the‐job supplements to a training program focused on interpersonal skill development for newly hired managers—self‐coaching and upward feedback. Utilizing a sample of 87 trainees from 75 units of a national restaurant chain, the impact of these supplements was assessed by examining posttraining performance across 4 training conditions in a quasi‐experimental framework: (1) classroom training only, (2) classroom training with self‐coaching, (3) classroom training with upward feedback, and (4) classroom training with self‐coaching and upward feedback. The results demonstrated that both supplements are useful extensions to formal classroom training for enhancing trainees' interpersonal performance. These findings are discussed along with directions for future training effectiveness research.
Non-linear saturation of g-modes in proto-neutron stars: quieting the acoustic engine
Authors: Weinberg Nevin N. , Quataert Eliot
Published: May 2008

According to Burrows et al.'s acoustic mechanism for core-collapse supernova explosions, the primary, l= 1, g-mode in the core of the proto-neutron star is excited to an energy of ∼1050erg and damps by the emission of sound waves. Here we calculate the damping of the primary mode by the parametric instability, i.e. by non-linear, three-mode coupling between the low-order primary mode and pairs of high-order g-modes. We show that the primary mode is strongly coupled to highly resonant, neutrino damped pairs with n≳ 10; such short wavelength interactions cannot be resolved in the simulations. We find that the parametric instability saturates the primary mode energy at ∼1048erg, well below the energy needed to drive an explosion. We therefore conclude that acoustic power is unlikely to be energetically significant in core-collapse supernova explosions.
The Accident Case—I. Police Aspects of the Animal Accident Case
Authors: Brown D. L.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A review is presented of the police aspects of animal accident cases. Hastings is dealt with as a typical town (population 66,000) to show how the problem of accidents involving cats and dogs are dealt with. Number of accidents, local legislation, disposal of injured animals, preventive measures and liability are discussed.

Résumé— Les aspects policiers des cas d'animaux accidenés sont examinés. La ville de Hastings (population 66.000) est présentée comme exemple typique afin de montrer la façon dont le problème de ces accidents est traité. Le nombre d'accidents, la législation communale, le sort des animaux blessés, les mesures préventives et la responsabilité légale sont parmi les problèmes discutés.

Znsammenfassung—Eine Erörterung der polizeilichen Gesichtspunkte bei Tierunfällen. Als typische Stadt, in der die Probleme der Unfälle, in die Katzen und Hunde miteinbezogen wurden, behandelt werden, wird Hastings (Bevölkerungszahl 66.000) beschrieben. Es werden die Anzahl der Unfälle, die Gemeindegesetzgebung, die Verfügung übber verletzte Tiere, Vorbeugungsmassnahmen und die Verantwortung besprochen.
The Accident Case—II. Accident Prevention*
Authors: Haile P. H. W.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The speaker deals first with the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, what it is, and what it does. He then mentions the hazards created by dogs, not only on the road, but also in cars, pointing out the regulations involved. The speaker then emphasizes the part which members of the veterinary profession can play in approaching local authorities; where the need for action is clearly necessary so that not only legislation can be introduced, but that the dog‐owning public, by means of propaganda and education, can be made aware of the dangers created by their disregard of the elementary principles of accident prevention.

Résumé— L'auteur traite d'abord de la Société Royale pour la Prévention des Accidents, sa structure et ses buts. Il énumère ensuite les dangers éventuels créés par les chiens, non seulement sur la route même, mais aussi à l'intérieur de véhicules, et indique les règlements s'y rapportant. L'auteur souligne Pimportance du rôle de la profession vétérinaire qui, en intervenant auprès des autorités communales, peut appuyer l'introduction de nouvelle législation et promouvoir l'éducation et la propagande nécessaires pour que ceux qui ont des chiens deviennent conscients de leurs devoirs en ce qui concerne la prévention des accidents.

Zusammenfassung— Der Verfasser spricht zunächst über die Bedeutung und die Arbeit der “Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents” (Königlicher Unfallverhütungsverein). Er erwähnt dann die gefährlichen Situationen, die von Hunden—und zwar nicht nur von denen, die auf der Strasse herumlaufen, sondern auch von denen im Auto—hervorgerufen werden können, und weist auf die zuständigen Vorschriften hin. Anschliessend beschreibt der Verfasser die Rolle, die die Veterinäre dabei spielen könnten, die Gemeindebehörden von der Notwendigkeit des Handelns zu überzeugen. Sie könnten, so sagt er, den BehorUden erklären, dass sie nicht nur Gesetze erlassen müssten, sondern den Hundebesitzern auf dem Wege der Propaganda und durch allgemeine Aufklärung auch vor Augen führen sollten, welche Gefahren sie hervorriefen, wenn die die Grund‐prinzipien der Unfallverhütung nicht beachteten.
The Accident Case—VI. Action by the Clinician
Authors: Fowler N. G.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The paper reviews the humanitarian, clinical and public relations roles of the practising veterinary surgeon when dealing with an accident case.

Résumé— L'article examine les rôles humanitaire, clinique et de propagande du praticien vétérin‐aire lorsque celui‐ci a affaire à un accident.

Zusammenfassung— Dieser Vortrag handelt von der menschenfreundlichen und klinischen Rolle des praktischen Tierarztes und von seiner Beziehung zur Öffentlichkeit, wenn er ein bei einem Unfall verletztes Tier behandelt.
A Clinical Study of Non‐union Fractures in the Dog*
Authors: Vaughan L. C.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The study includes the examination and treatment of twenty dogs with a non‐union fracture of the shaft of a limb bone. Eighteen dogs were of the small breeds. The fracture had occurred in the distal third of the radius/ulna in twelve, the tibia in five and the femur in three. All the fractures healed satisfactorily following surgical repair in which the bone ends were cleaned of fibrous tissue, realigned, and secured in position with plates and screws.

Résumé— L'étude comprend l'examen et le traitement de vingt chiens avec une fracture non consolidée du corps de 1'0s d'un membre. I1 y avait dix‐huit chiens des races petites. La fracture s'est produit au tiers distal du radiusicubitus en douze des chiens, elle s'est produit au fémur en trois des chiens. Tous les fractures se guérissent de façon satisfaisante après les reparations chirurgic aux quand le tissue conjonctif a enlevé des bouts des os, on les a mis en ligne, et on les a immobilisé avex des planches et des vis.

Zusammenfassung— Die Studie beinhaltet die Untersuchung und Behandlung von zwanzig Fällen von Extremitätenfrakturen bei Hunden, welche Tendenz zur Nicht‐Vereinigung der Bruchenden zeigten. Achtzehn Fällen ereigneten sich bei Hunden, welche kleineren Rassen ange‐hörten. In zwölf Fällen ereignete sich der Bruch im distalen Drittel des Radius und der Ulna, in fünf Fällen war die Tibia betroffen und in drei Fällen der Femur. Alle diese Bruche heilten zufrieden‐stellend nach chirurgischer Behandlung und nachdem die Bruchenden vom fibrösen Gwewebe gereinigt wurden, in korrekte Position gebracht, und mit Platten und Schrauben gesichert wurden.
Metabolic Bone Dystrophies*
Authors: Campbell J. R.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A review is presented of the three main types of bone dystrophy in the dog. Following a discussion on the biochemistry of bone, osteomalacia (rickets), osteoporosis and osteodystrophia fibrosa are reviewed together with the radiographic features of the conditions.

Résumé— –Après une discussion sur la biochimie de l'os, on passe en revue les trois principaux types de dystrophie osseuse chez le chien: l'ostéomalacie (rachitisme), l'ostéoporose et l'ostéofibrose, et on en donne les caractères radiologiques.

Zusammenfassung— Es wird ein kritischer Bericht über die drei Haupttypen von Knochendystrophie beim Hund vorgelegt. Nach einer Diskussion über die Biochemie des Knochens werden Knochenerweichungen (Rachitis), Osteoporose und Ostitis fibrosa mit den röntgenologischen Merkmalen der Zustände erörtert.
Persistent Right Aortic Arch in Two Great Dane Litter Mates
Authors: Coward T. Gordon
Published: May 2008

Abstract— ‐Two cases of oesophageal dilatation occurring in a litter of Great Dane puppies are described. These dilatations were due to a congenital anomaly of the aortic arches causing constriction of the oesophagus. A comparison is made with a previous case.

Résumé— –L'auteur rapporte deux cas de dilatation oesophagienne survenus dans une portée de chiots Dogues allemands. Ces dilatations étaient dues à une anomalie congénitale de la crosse de l'aorte provoquant une constriction de l'oesophage. L'auteur les compare à un cas antérieur.

Zusammenfassung— Zwei Fälle einer Erweiterung der Speiseröhre bei einem Wurf junger Hunde (grosse Doggen) werden beschrieben. Diese Erweiterungen wurden nötig aufgrund einer angeborenen Anomalie der Aortenbögen, die eine Verengung der Speiseröhre verursachten. Ein Vergleich mit einem früheren Fall wird angestellt.
The use of Pulse Monitors in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Campbell J. R. , Lawson D. D. , Sanford J.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A report is presented of a limited study on the possible application of electronic pulse meters in the dog and cat. Three instruments of two different types were examined. Two instruments were found satisfactory when used as pulse monitors, while only one could be used successfully to measure systolic blood pressures. The instruments are most useful for anaesthetized animals applied to either the tail or a limb.

Résumé— –On fait le compte‐rendu d'une courte étude sur l'application possible d'un compteur de pouls électronique chez le chien et le chat. On examina trois instruments de deux types différents. Deus d'entre eux se montrèrent satisfaisants quand on les utilisa pour contrôler le pouls, tandis qu'un seul put être employé avec succès pour mesurer la tension artérielle systolique. Ces instruments sont très utiles chez les animaux anesthésiés où on les applique sur la queue on sur un membre.

Zusammenfassung— Es wird Bericht erstattet über eine begrenzte Untersuchung einer möglichen Verwendung von elektronischen Pulsmessern bei Hunden und Katzen, Es wurden drei Instrumente zweier verschiedener Typen einer Prüfung unterzogen. Zwei Instrumente wurden als brauchbar für die Pulsüberwachung befunden, während nur eines mit Erfolg zur Messung des systolischen Blutdruckes verwendet werden konnte. Die Instrumente werden am besten bei in Narkose befindlichen Tieren entweder am Schwanz oder an einer Extremität angebracht.
Twenty‐First Anniversary of the Animal Health Trust
Authors: Hodgman S. F. J.
Published: May 2008

The twenty‐first anniversary of the A.H.T. also completes fifteen years of work at the Canine Health Centre of the Trust. During this period a considerable amount of valuable investigational and research work has been conducted and completed. We have asked the Director, Mr. S. F. J. Hodgman, to record his thoughts and opinions on the future development of his programme of work in the small animal field.
The Identification of the Aetiological Agent of Canine Oral Papillomatosis
Authors: Ajello Pietro , Gimbo Angelo
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A report on the identification and description of the virus particles which are the aetiological agent of infective canine oral papillomatosis.

Résumé— –Compte‐rendu sur l'identification et la description de particules virales comme agents étiologiques de la papillomatose infectieuse orale du chien.

Zusammenfassung— Ein Bericht über die Feststellung und eine Beschreibung der Viruspartikel, die die ätiologischen Agensen der ansteckenden Oralpapillomatose von Hunden darstellen.
Rabies Symposium—I. Some Epidemiological and Immunological Aspects of Rabies, with Particular Reference to Disease Control in Malaya
Authors: Bowden R. S. T.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A discussion is presented on the problem of rabies control with regard to the complex epidemiological factors which may be involved. The problem is illustrated by reference to the control of rabies in Malaya after World War II with a review of the measures employed for the restraint, elimination, vaccination, licensing and identification of dogs.

Résumé— –Exposé d'une discussion sur le problème du contrôle de la rage, avec attention particu‐liére apportée aux facteurs épidémiologiques complexes qui peuvent intervenir. Illustration du problème par référence au contrôle de la rage à Malacca après la seconde guerre mondiale et revue des mesures employées pour la restriction du nombre des chiens, leur élimination éventuelle, leur vaccination, l'autorisation d'en posséder et leur identification.

Zusammenfassung— Es wird eine Besprechung des Problems der Tollwutbekämpfung in Bezug auf die komplizierten epidemiologischen Faktoren, die damit verbunden sein konnen, gebracht. Das Problem wird an Hand der Bekämpfung der nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg in den Malaiischen Staaten aufgetretenen Tollwut erläutert, und es wird ein Überblock uber die zur Freiheits‐beschrankung, Beseitigung, Impfung, amtlichen Genehmigung und Kennzeichnung von Hunden getroffenen Massnahmen gegeben.
Rabies Symposium—IV. The Veterinary Profession and Rabies Control in Great Britain
Authors: Ritchie Sir John
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A review is presented of the legislative measures introduced to control rabies in animals in the U.K. The range of susceptible animals together with symptoms is discussed. The world distribution and control, treatment and prevention measures are outlined with particular mention of the position in Great Britain.

Résumé— –L'auteur résume les mesures législatives introduites pour le contrôle de la rage chez les animaux dans le Royaume‐Uni et agite la question des races prédisposées. II donne un aperçu de la distribution mondiale et des mesures de contrôle, de traitement et de prévention de la rage, avec référence particulière à la situation en Grande‐Bretagne.

Zusammenfassung— Es wird ein Überblick über die gesetzlichen Massnahmen, die zur Bekämp‐fung von Tollwut bei Tieren in Grossbritannien eingeführt worden sind, gegeben. Die krankheits‐empfänglichen Tiere werden aufgezahlt und besprochen und die Symptome erörtert. Ausserdem werden die Verbreitung und Bekämpfung der Krankheit in der Welt, sowie Behandlungs‐ und Verhütungsmassnahmen beschrieben, wobei besonders auf die Situation in Grossbritannien hinge‐wiesen wird.
Symposium on Diseases of Cats—II Infectious Anaemia of Cats
Authors: Seamer J.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— Present knowledge of infectious anaemia of cats is reviewed and deficiencies in this knowledge are pointed out. Emphasis is placed upon the identity of the causal organism and its appearance in blood smears, the occurrence of the disease in Great Britain, its symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment.

Résumé— –L'auteur passe en revue nos connaissances actuelles sur l'anémie infectieuse des chats et souligne les déficiences qu'on y rencontre. II insiste sur 1'identification de l'agent causal et son aspect dans les frottis de sang ainsi que sur les conditions d'apparition de la maladie en Grande‐Bretagne, sa symptomatologie, son diagnostic et son traitement.

Zusammenfassung— Es wird ein Überblick über die gegenwärtigen Kenntnisse der bei Katzen auftretenden ansteckenden Anämie gegeben und auf die Lucken in diesen Kenntnissen hingewiesen. Besonders ausführlich werden die Identität des erregenden Organismus und dessen Aufreten in Blutausstrichen, das Vorkommen der Krankheit in Grossbritannien, deren Symptomatik, Diagnose und Behandlung besprochen.
Symposium on Diseases of Cats—III. Some Pathogenic Bacteria of Cats with Special Reference to their Public Health Significance
Authors: Smith J. E.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The role of haemolytic staphylococci, streptococci, Mycobacterium species, members of the coli‐typhoid group, Pasteurella multocida and certain other bacteria in cat diseases is discussed in association with the results of a small‐scale survey of some of the bacteria occurring in healthy cats.

Résumé— –Les auteurs discutent le rôle des staphylocoques héiolytiques, des streptocoques, des races de Mycobacterium, des membres du groupe coli‐typhoïde, de la Pasteurella multocida et de certaines autres bactéies dans les maladies du chat, à la lumiére des résultats d'un examen sommaire de quelques‐unes des bactéries trouvées chez Ie chat en bonne santé.

Zusammenfassung— In Verbindung mit den Ergebnissen einer im kleinen Rahmen ausgeführten Untersuchung einiger der Bakterien, die in gesunden Katzen auftreten, wird besprochen, welche Rolle hämolytische Staphylokokken, Streptokokken, Mykobakteriumspecies, Glieder der koli‐typhoiden Gruppe, Pasteurella multocida und bestimmte andere Bakterien bei Katzenkrankheiten spielen.
Symposium on Diseases of Cats—V. Cat Shows
Authors: Sheppard Madeline
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A review is presented of the role played by the examining veterinary surgeon at cat shows. A technique for examination is outlined and the major rules governing acceptance or rejection of cats on health grounds are discussed.

Résumé— L'auteur examine le role joué par le vétérinaire chargé du eontrôle des chats envoyés aux expositions. II expose une technique d'examen et discute les principales ràies gouvernant l'admission ou le refus des chats pour des raisons de santé.

Zusammenfassung— Es wird die Rolle beschrieben, die der untersuchende Tierarzt auf Katzenaus‐stellungen spielt. Eine Untersuchungsmethode wird umrissen, und die vornehmsten Voraussetzungen auf Grund derer die Annahme oder Verweigerung von Katzen aus Gesundheitsgründen bestimmt wird, werden besprochen.

Television and Workshop Sessions

During the 1964 B.S.A.V.A. Congress a major feature of the programme was the practical demonstration of techniques and operative procedures both by closed circuit colour television* and at workshop sessions. A list of the subjects covered is given below together with the contributors' notes on some of these demonstrations.
The Budgerigar and The Veterinary Profession
Authors: BLACKMORE D. K.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— The role of the practising veterinary surgeon in relation to the pet owner and budgerigar breeder is discussed, with particular reference to ethical and economic considerations.

The potential role of the budgerigar as a laboratory or experimental animal is discussed.

Résumé— L'auteur discute le rôle du vétérinaire practicien en face du propriétaire d'animaux de maison et de l'éleveur de perruches inséparables (mélopsittes ondulés), en insistant particuliérement sur les considérations éthiques et économiques.

II discute le rôle possible de la perruche inséparable comme animal de laboratoire ou d'expérience.

Zusammenfassung— Es wird die Rolle, die der Tierarzt in Beziehung zum Haustierbesitzer und zum Züchter von Wellensittichen spielt, besprochen, wobei besonders auf ethische und wirtschaftliche Erwägungen eingegangen wird.

Die potentielle Rolle des Wellensittichs fur laborante und experimentelle Zwecke wird erörtert.
Problems Confronting the Budgerigar Breeder
Authors: WATMOUGH W.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A brief account is given of the history of the budgerigar fancy in Great Britain, together with some comments on wild Australian budgerigars. The changing pattern of budgerigar management and feeding is discussed, together with present problems encountered by the breeder of exhibition budgerigars.

Résumé— L'auteur relate brièvement l'histoire de l'engovement pour les perruches en Grande Bretagne et ajoute quelques commentaires snr les perruches inséparables sauvages d'Australie. II discute les changements survenus dans la façon d'élever et de nourrir ces perruches, ainsi que les problèmes actuels rencontrés par l'éleveur des perruches destinées à figurer dans les expositions.

Zusammenfassung— Es wird ein knapper Überblick über die Geschichte der Beliebtheit der Wellensittiche in Grossbritannien gebracht und kurz über die wilden australischen Wellensittiche gesprochen. Die sich verändernden Methoden der Behandlung und Fütterung der Wellensittiche, sowie die den Züchtern von Ausstellungswellensittichen gengenwärtig begegnenden Probleme werden erörtert.
A Simple Method for the Accurate Oral Administration of Drugs to Budgerigars
Authors: BLACKMORE D. K. , LUCAS J. F.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A technique that can be carried out by one person, to enable a tube to be passed into the crop of a budgerigar is described. The technique is simple, safe and allows an accurate dose of a drug to be given to a budgerigar by the oral route.

Résumé— L'auteur décrit une technique qui peut être exécutée par une seule personne, pour faire passer un tube dans le jabot d'une perruche inséparable. La technique est simple, sûre et perment de donner à une perruche une dose précise de médicament par voie orale.

Zusammenfassung— Es wird eine Methode zur Einführung einer Tube in den Kropf eines Wellensittichs beschrieben, die von einer Person allein ausgeführt werden kann. Diese Methode ist einfach und risikofrei und ermöglicht, dass dem Wellensittich die genaue Medikamentendosis auf oralem Wege verabreicht werden kann.
Conditions of the Beak and Claw in the Budgerigar
Authors: ARNALL LESLIE
Published: May 2008

Abstract— Relevant points of embryology and anatomy are outlined.

Deformity and disease of these structures is discussed from an aetiological standpoint under the headings: congenital and hereditary, mechanical, dietary, parasitic, infectious, neoplastic, metabolic, and psychogenic conditions.

Prophylaxis and treatment of some common conditions are discussed.

Résumé— L'auteur expose à grands traits les aspects de l'embryologie et de l'anatomie ayant rapport aux maladies du bec et du pied chez les perruches inséparables.

Il discute les difformités et les maladies de ces organes d'un point de vue étiologique, sous les, rubriques: maladies congénitales et héréditaires, mécaniques, alimentaires, parasitaires, infectieuses néoplasiques, méaboliques et psychogènes.

Il expose la prophylaxie et le traitement de quelques maladies communes.

Zusammenfassung— Wichtige entwicklungsgeschichtliche und anatomische Tatsachen werden umrissen.

Missbildung und Erkrankung dieser Gebilde werden vom ätiologischen Gesichtspunkt her unter den Überschriften besprochen:—angeborene, vererbte, mechanische, diätetische, parasitäre, infektiöse, neoplastische, stoffwechselbezogene und psychogene Entstehungsbedingungen.

Prophylaxe und Behandlung für einige, häufig vorkommende Bedingungen werden erörtert.
A Comparison of Some Clinical Laboratory Methods of Estimating the Urea Level in the Blood of the Dog
Authors: BOWDEN R. S. T. , McCARTHY M. O. J.
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A comparison has been made of four different methods of estimating the blood urea level. Three of the four methods are suitable for use in a practice laboratory.

Résumé— Comparaison de quatre différentes méthodes pour mesurer le taux de l'urée sanguine. Sur ces quatre méthodes, trois sont utilisables dans un laboratoire de clientèle.

Zusammenfassung— Vier verschiedene Methoden zur Bestimmung des Uratspiegels im Blut wurden verglichen. Drei der vier Methoden eignen sich zur Verwendung im Praxislabor.