bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remarks on mixed-integer formulations for hyper-reduction schemes in nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Phalippou Pierre , Breitkopf Piotr , Bouabdallah Salim , Zarroug Malek , Villon Pierre
Published: August 2020

The hyper-reduction problem for reduced-order internal forces evaluation in transient, nonlinear, explicit dynamics is reformulated, employing Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP), taking into account consistency constraints. Constraint reduction is introduced. Resulting quadratures, as well as reduced runs, are compared against the standard Energy Conserving Sampling and Weighting (ECSW) scheme, on a reference example. Rather than searching for optimal performance, the goal is to provide a benchmark solution, for evaluation of heuristic hyper-reduction formulations along with a non-greedy approach.
A lockdown index to assess the economic impact of the coronavirus
Authors: Faber Marius , Ghisletta Andrea , Schmidheiny Kurt
Published: August 2020

Like most countries, the Swiss government adopted drastic measures to stop the spread of the coronavirus. These measures were aimed at avoiding close physical proximity between people. The adverse economic consequences of this lockdown policy became immediately apparent, with almost two million workers, or more than every third worker in Switzerland, being put on short-time work within only 6 weeks after the policy’s implementation. In an attempt to promptly assess the heterogeneous consequences of this lockdown policy, we computed alockdown index. This index is based on an occupation’s dependence on physical proximity to other people and corrected for certain essential sectors being exempt from this policy. We find that on average, 31% of jobs in Switzerland have been potentially restricted by the lockdown policy. This average masks considerable heterogeneity along many dimensions, with the strongest effects for the large industries hospitality, construction, and arts and entertainment. With respect to the regional variation, we find the strongest effects for the cantons of Obwalden, Uri, Appenzell Innerrhoden, and Valais. Moreover, low- and middle-income individuals are considerably more restricted than high-income ones. We do not find meaningful differences between men and women or urban and rural areas. Finally, we test the explanatory power of the lockdown index for short-time work and unemployment increases by canton and industry until the end of April 2020 and find that it can explain up to 58% of these short-term employment outcomes.
Practical approach to COVID-19: an Egyptian pediatric consensus
Authors: Mostafa Abla S. , Abdalbaky Ashraf , Fouda E. M. , Shaaban Hala H. , Elnady Hala G. , Hassab-Allah Magda , Rashad Mohamed M. , El Attar Mona M. , Alfishawy Mostafa , Hussien Shahenaz M. , Hamed Tarek , Hamed Dina H. , Sarhan Dina T.
Published: August 2020

Background

Outbreak of a novel corona virus was reported in China on December 2019. Sooner, a global spread was reported and WHO announced a public health emergency of international concern and then declared it as a pandemic. Egypt announced the first case on February 14, 2020, and since that time, cases are increasing.

Main body

There is increasing need to simplify the practical approach for pediatricians and other health care workers in a step wise manner; how to deal with COVID-19 cases, how to care for the newborn babies as regards to breastfeeding, and how to ensure safety of health care workers assess their risk of infection and management accordingly. A national practical approach guideline was prepared including case definition, diagnosis, and management of pediatric COVID-19 suspected and confirmed cases in an algorithmic pattern.

Conclusion

Up to the current knowledge, this is a simple and practical guidance for clinical management of children during the current pandemic.
COVID-19 variant radiological findings with high lightening other coronavirus family (SARS and MERS) findings: radiological impact and findings spectrum of corona virus (COVID-19) with comparison to SARS and MERS
Authors: Kolta Marian Fayek , Ghonimy Mai Bahgat Ibrahim
Published: August 2020

Background

Chest CT is remarkably considered as an imminent diagnostic tool and follow-up study in pulmonary changes in COVID-19 patients; being familiar to other coronavirus family CT findings, this improve our diagnostic experience and hence enhance our ability to early diagnose and combat the outbreak of COVID-19. The purpose is to investigate the wide spectrum of radiological pulmonary changes in COVID-19 patients and compare them to the variable CT findings reported in MERS and SARS.

Results

From March 15 to May 12, 2020, 50 patients in Cairo, Egypt, who have positive RT-PCR tests, were included in our study. MSCT of the chest was performed to all patients and processed in a separate work station. Two experienced radiologists assessed each study for the type and location of different pulmonary affection.

The most imminent radiological finding was patchy peripheral subpleural ground glass opacity found in 42 patients (84% of cases), followed by consolidation found in 30 patients (60% of cases) and ground glass and consolidation together found in 22 patients (44% of cases).

Unlike SARS, where initial chest imaging abnormalities are more frequently unilateral, COVID-19 is more likely to involve both lungs on initial imaging presented as bilateral peripheral subpleural scattered ground-glass opacities.

Pleural effusion is absent in COVID-19 patients while it is not rare in MERS and might be observed in 20–33% of affected individuals.

Conclusion

The imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia are highly sensitive mainly in the outbreak pandemic.

The imaging features of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 overlap, but differences still exist especially early in disease course.
Intraspecific mitochondrial gene variation can be as low as that of nuclear rRNA
Authors: Matumba Tshifhiwa G. , Oliver Jody , Barker Nigel P. , McQuaid Christopher D. , Teske Peter R.
Published: August 2020

Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has long been used to date historical demographic events. The idea that it is useful for molecular dating rests on the premise that its evolution is neutral. Even though this idea has long been challenged, the evidence against clock-like evolution of mtDNA is often ignored. Here, we present a particularly clear and simple example to illustrate the implications of violations of the assumption of selective neutrality.

Methods: DNA sequences were generated for the mtDNA COI gene and the nuclear 28S rRNA of two closely related rocky shore snails, and species-level variation was compared. Nuclear rRNA is not usually used to study intraspecific variation in species that are not spatially structured, presumably because this marker is assumed to evolve so slowly that it is more suitable for phylogenetics. 

Results: Even though high inter-specific divergence reflected the faster evolutionary rate of COI, intraspecific genetic variation was similar for both markers. As a result, estimates of population expansion times based on mismatch distributions differed between the two markers by millions of years.

Conclusions: Assuming that 28S evolution is more clock-like, these findings can be explained by variation-reducing purifying selection in mtDNA at the species level, and an elevated divergence rate caused by diversifying selection between the two species. Although these two selective forces together make mtDNA suitable as a marker for species identifications by means of DNA barcoding because they create a ‘barcoding gap’, estimates of demographic change based on this marker can be expected to be highly unreliable. Our study contributes to the growing evidence that the utility of mtDNA sequence data beyond DNA barcoding is limited.
Predictors of presumptive treatment of uncomplicated malaria among children in private retail outlets in Kenya: mixed effects logistic regression modelling
Authors: Omache Diana , Owuor Nelson , Machini Beatrice
Published: August 2020

Background: The health seeking behavior in Kenya raises concerns in malaria case management at the private sector. Adherence to the national guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of malaria is key in management of the disease. Presumptive treatment remains a major challenge in Kenya, especially in the private sector, with major gaps in literature identified on predictors of this treatment. Mixed-effects regression modelling considers county clustering, is more accurate in prediction and is more efficient and flexible.

Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional, nationally representative, retail outlet survey secondary data analysis. The study populations included the health care providers in the retail outlets sampled randomly in both the rural and urban settings in Kenya. The primary outcome of interest was the proportion of health care providers who treated patients presumptively. Multivariable analysis was conducted for the significant variables, adjusting for clustering at the county level to determine the predictors of presumptive treatment. The best fitting model was examined using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC).

Results: Out of the 333 health care providers who treated patients, 190 (57%) treated patients presumptively. From the mixed effects logistic regression model, the predictors of presumptive treatment of uncomplicated malaria were case management training (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI = (0.18 – 1.09)), asked signs or symptoms (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI = (0.10 - 0.37)) and results presented (AOR = 0.08 95% CI = (0.03 - 0.19)).

Conclusions: Presumptive treatment of uncomplicated malaria remains a challenge in the private retail sector. Malaria case management training and health care providers asking of signs and symptoms and results presented predicts presumptive treatment. To address the issue of presumptive treatment of Malaria, strengthening of malaria case management training is key for health care providers in the private sector.
ANÁLISE DA MOBILIDADE COTIDIANA EM FLORIANÓPOLIS
Authors: Costa Emannuel Dos Santos , Bosco Elizângela Ribeiro , Farias Zelindro Ismael , Mello Erick De Santana , Simões Mauro De Bonis Almeida , Rebollo-Squera Jorge , Rocha Isa De Oliveira
Published: August 2020

O conceito de mobilidade é polissêmico e pode ser adjetivado para dar providência a diferentes explicações, dentre as quais destaca-se a mobilidade cotidiana, compreendida como aquela do trajeto de casa ao trabalho e vice-versa, cujas implicações forjam hábitos e práticas espaciais. Partindo desta acepção e com base na formação sócio-espacial, este artigo analisa como os Planos Diretores de Florianópolis constituíram a mobilidade cotidiana da cidade sob um paradigma desenvolvimentista e modernista que privilegia o automóvel individual. Por fim, verifica-se como a política de mobilidade atual de Florianópolis ainda obedece a esse paradigma, em que pese nacionalmente o estado da arte da literatura e das políticas públicas estar mais próximo dos conceitos de sustentabilidade e do direito à cidade.
PERFIL DOS MORADORES E ASPECTOS ETNOPEDOLÓGICOS DE UM ASSENTAMENTO RURAL NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Costa Barros Kamila Lemos , Da Silva Eliane Maria Ribeiro , De Mendonça Bruno Araujo Furtado , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , De Queiroz Camila Kelly
Published: August 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi definir o perfil dos assentados e dos lotes onde os mesmos residem, bem como analisar aspectos etnopedológicos no assentamento rural Fazenda do Salto, localizado no município de Barra Mansa – RJ. A definição do perfil do assentado foi estabelecida por meio da realização de entrevistas com base no Roteiro de Entrevista Semi Estruturada para avaliar o perfil dos moradores do assentamento, da propriedade, a percepção ambiental e agrícola dos assentados, bem como aspectos etnopedológicos. A amostragem se caracterizou por ser dependente dos sujeitos disponíveis, sendo realizadas 10 entrevistas com os moradores do assentamento. O perfil dos assentados e de seus lotes aponta para pessoas com idade superior a 50 anos, baixo nível de escolaridade, carentes de assistência técnica para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de suas atividades, baixo nível tecnológico aplicado em seus lotes, seja para a produção agrícola, seja para a pecuária, pouca ou nenhuma especialização e predominância de mão de obra familiar. Quanto à percepção dos aspectos etnopedológicos dos assentados ressalta-se a semelhança na descrição dos solos presentes no lote avaliado, em uma linguagem simplista e popular com aquela definida pela literatura científica e acadêmica.
OLHARES DO SUL DE MOÇAMBIQUE POR UM GEÓGRAFO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Ribeiro Angelo Franco do N.
Published: August 2020

Este artigo foi produzido com informações coletadas no período de março a abril de 2014 em que estivemos participando do estágio referente ao Projeto: Práticas sociais e saberes de mulheres e homens e a produção do território rural no Distrito de Marracuene em Moçambique: viabilidade das alternativas produtivas no mundo da sustentabilidade com aprovação do edital CAPES/AULP. A cartografia do trabalho de campo evidenciou a riqueza cultura do povo moçambicano e os contrastes existentes na parte sul do país. Complementando apresentamos alguns dados demográficos das províncias entendendo que estas informações sirvam de base para professores utilizarem em sala de aula, visto que o material didático existente sobre o país no Brasil é muito incipiente. Por fim fica evidente o papel que a ciência/pesquisa proporciona na vida das pessoas, pois foram experiências fantásticas de trocas entre pesquisadores brasileiros e moçambicanos durante o período do projeto e os frutos gerados permanecerá na academia por muito tempo.
APLICAÇÕES DE NANOCARREADORES BASEADOS EM CÉLULAS ANIMAIS NA TERAPIA FOTODINÂMICA EM ONCOLOGIA
Authors: Miranda Kelly Winny Rodrigues , Martins Camila De Assunção , Gomes Bárbara De Magalhães Souza , Leão-Cordeiro Jacqueline Andréia Bernardes , Passos Xisto Sena , Silva Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro
Published: August 2020

A terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) é uma técnica bastante promissora, por apresentar alta seletividade, ser minimamente invasiva, com poucos efeitos colaterais. A técnica se baseia em uma reação química ativada por luz, que, para acontecer, conta com três componentes básicos: fonte de luz, oxigênio e um fármaco fotossensibilizante. Apesar de todas as vantagens oferecidas pela TFD, ainda existem alguns aspectos que impedem o uso isolado da TFD no tratamento oncológico, por existir um ambiente de hipóxia no tumor. Além disso, melhorar o direcionamento da entrega do fármaco tem sido um desafio. Este estudo objetivou analisar novas tecnologias empregadas nos nanocarreadores baseados em células animais aplicadas na terapia fotodinâmica. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, em que o levantamento de dados foi feito selecionando artigos publicados entre os anos de 2015 e 2018, utilizando os bancos de dados PubMed, BVS e SciELO. Ao final desse levantamento, 16 artigos foram selecionados, sendo que 10 tratam do uso de hemácias, 4 de células tumorais, 1 de células NK (Natural Killer) e 1 de células endoteliais para o revestimento e transporte de nanopartículas. As tecnologias mostraram-se bastante promissoras para a administração de drogas na terapia fotodinâmica, acrescentando ainda características próprias de cada célula e promovendo a possibilidade de combinação com outras terapias. Conclui-se, portanto, que a utilização de nanocarreadores baseados em células animais, no contexto da terapia fotodinâmica em oncológica, melhora o transporte dos fármacos, o tempo de circulação sanguínea e o aumento da ação fotodinâmica. Neste contexto, o uso de lipossomas se mostrou mais eficaz, com potencial de, juntamente com outras técnicas terapêutica, aumentar a capacidade de supressão tumoral.
A "Bahia de Todos os Santos" de Jorge Amado e Maurice Capovilla: na encruzilhada entre guia e documentário
Authors: Costa Amanda Danelli
Published: August 2020

Em 1945 Jorge Amado publicou o guia “Bahia de Todos os Santos: guia de ruas e mistérios de Salvador”. Em 1974, à luz do guia, Maurice Capovilla realiza o documentário “Bahia de Todos os Santos”, exibido no mesmo ano no programa Globo Repórter da Rede Globo. O presente artigo visa primeiramente expor os caminhos, em paralelo, de formação e engajamento crítico com a realidade brasileira do romancista e do diretor; e depois cruzar as duas obras, a fim de analisar como as percepções sobre a cultura e o povo baianos, bem como suas tensões expressas no território de Salvador, resultam simultaneamente em particularidades da cultura urbana situadas na cidade e em matéria apropriada pela cultura brasileira.
Cinema e território na História Audiovisual da América Latina, África e Diásporas
Authors: Transversos Revista
Published: August 2020

Apresentação
Visual learning and creative study
Authors: Joseph Rebecca
Published: August 2020

Rebecca Joseph reveals the secrets of her study success…
Staying connected
Authors: Sonsoy Gurjit
Published: August 2020

During this pandemic, it's been especially challenging for the older and vulnerable patients, says practice manager Gurjit Sonsoy
You've got this
Authors: Forsythe Gemma
Published: August 2020

Newly qualified dental nurse and mum of one, Gemma Forsythe, works for MyDentist in their Stunning Smiles practice in Portadown, a small town in Northern Ireland. Here, she shares her passion for oral health education
Short Communication: Lugol’s iodine test on Rafflesia patma–Tetrastigma leucostaphylum intersection tissue for preliminary starch visualization
Authors: Wicaksono Adhityo , Mursidawati Sofi
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Wicaksono A, Mursidawati S. 2020. Short Communication: Lugol’s iodine test on Rafflesia patma-Tetrastigma leucostaphylum intersection tissue for preliminary starch visualization. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 91-96. As holoparasitic plant, Rafflesia has no recognizable plastid genome, but it has plastid-like organelle. Despite the fact that it obtains nutrients from host plant, it is unknown if Rafflesia stores primary metabolites, such as carbohydrates, from its host. A study was performed to visualize the starch in Rafflesia patma Blume proximal tissue which was intersected to its host root, Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston, using modified Sachs’ test with Lugol’s iodine. The result revealed the absence of blackening in the R. patma tissue caused by starch reaction with the iodine, but occurred in the root cortical tissue of T. leucostaphylum. The absence of starch in R. patma tissue indicated that possibly the plastid-like organ has no similar function to amyloplast, and starch is not used for storage in the flower. It is likely that R. patma relies completely on the host’s photosynthate to maintain the flower metabolism during anthesis period. However, detailed histochemical analysis for starch or carbohydrate is needed for confirmation whether the starch is existing even in small quantity, and molecular genetic observation on sucrose intake and flowering (anthesis) regulatory genes will also be required to confirm if Rafflesia takes the photosynthate directly from its host and possibility if Rafflesia coordinates the formation of flower bud and anthesis between the endophytic tissues to prevent overexploitation of nutrients from its host.
Spectrometric methods of grating constants for different holographic samples
Authors: Huang Min , Xi Yonghui , Pan Jie , Li Xiu
Published: August 2020

In order to measure the grating constants of different types of holographic samples efficiently and conveniently, we use spectrophotometers and the macro angle-resolved spectrum system to measure spectral information from six different holographic samples with three types, including rainbow holographic samples with light pillars, plain rainbow holographic samples, and matte holographic samples with light pillars. The information obtained from the instruments was used to investigate their grating constants by the grating equation. It was found that for the grating constant calculation, compared with the values measured using a light optical microscope, the angle-resolved spectrum system and the 45/0 spectrophotometers were applicable to the samples with rainbow effects. For the matte holographic samples, the angle-resolved spectrum system, which was mainly used to distinguish the differences between different matte samples, was necessary. The results from the spectrometric methods were similar to those from the light optical microscope.
Cassegrain-based concentrator with tailored mirrors
Authors: Huang Chi-Lun , Hong Hwen-Fen , Chen Chun-Yi , Pan Jui-Wen
Published: August 2020

In this study, we design a Cassegrain-based concentrator with tailored mirrors. The proposed concentrator comprises a primary optical element (POE) and a secondary optical element (SOE). The POE is a parabolic concave mirror and the SOE is a hyperbolic convex mirror. In order to achieve uniform irradiance distribution without a homogenizer, the POE is tailored and tilted to generate a uniform distribution by overlapping the energy well. The Cassegrain-based concentrator with tailored mirrors can achieve a geometric concentration ratio of

1236

×

, a concentration ratio of

1034

×

, an optical efficiency of 83.66%, an acceptance angle of

±

0.38
∘

, a uniformity of 7.87, and an aspect ratio of 0.254.
Freestanding metal nanohole array for high-performance applications
Authors: Du Bobo , Ruan Yinlan , Yang Dexing , Jia Peipei , Gao Shoufei , Wang Yingying , Wang Pu , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike
Published: August 2020

Plasmonic devices using periodic metallic nanostructures have recently gained tremendous interest for color filters, sensing, surface enhanced spectroscopy, and enhanced photoluminescence, etc. However, the performance of such plasmonic devices is severely hampered by the solid substrates supporting the metallic nanostructures. Here, a strategy for freestanding metallic nanomembranes is introduced by taking advantages of hollow substrate structures. Large-area and highly uniform gold nanomembranes with nanohole array are fabricated via a flexible and simple replication-releasing method. The hollow structures include a hollow core fiber with 30 μm core diameter and two ferrules with their hole diameter as 125 and 500 μm, respectively. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, 2 times higher sensitivity of the bulk refractive index is obtained with this platform compared to that of a counterpart on a solid silica substrate. Such a portable and compact configuration provides unique opportunities to explore the intrinsic properties of the metal nanomembranes and paves a new way to fabricate high-performance plasmonic devices for biomolecule sensing and color filter.
Reduced levels of circulating natural killer cells in children with celiac disease
Authors: Agin Mehmet , Sevinc Eylem , Dogan Erkan , Sevinc Nergiz
Published: August 2020

Background Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by malabsorption. Serologic testing for CD consists of Ig A type of antitissue transglutaminase (tTG), antiendomysium (EMA). These tests are helpful in monitoring adherence to the gluten-free diet (GFD). Natural killer (NK) cell count alterations have been reported in various diseases, such as cancer, Crohn’s disease, malnutrition, and autoimmune disorders.

Objective To compare peripheral blood NK cell counts in children with celiac disease (CD) to healthy controls. The second aim was to analyze for possible correlations between NK cells (CD3-/CD16+, CD56+) and tissue transglutaminase (tTG)-IgA and tTG-IgG, as well as endomysial antibody EMA-IgA indicating gluten sensitivity.

Methods Fifty children with CD were compared to 48 healthy children as controls, with similar age and sex distribution. Peripheral blood NK cell counts were measured by flow cytometry.

Results The median (P25-P75) ages of the 50 celiac patients (23 male; 46%) and 48 controls (21 male; 44%) were 10 (2-17) years and 9 (3-17) years, respectively. Mean follow-up duration was 3 years, ranging from 1-10 years. All CD patients had positive tTG-IgA and EMA-IgA tests while it was negative in all (100 %) control patients. The absolute number of circulating CD16+ NK cells (259.52 vs. 1404.36 μ/L) and CD56+ NK cells (366.24 vs. 2440.46 μ/L) were significantly lower in the celiac group than the control group (P<0.05 for both). The absolute numbers of circulating white blood cells (7785 vs. 8165 μ/L) and lymphocytes (3106 vs. 3173 μ/L) were not significantly different between the celiac and control groups (P>0.05 for both). Correlation analysis between the absolute number of circulating NK cells and tTG-IgA, tTG-IgG, and EMA-IgA levels in CD patients revealed no significant relationships (P>0.05 for all).

Conclusions Peripheral blood NK cell count were significantly lower in celiac patients than controls, hence, decreased NK cell counts may be an abnormal feature seen in autoimmune diseases. NK cell count in celiac patients had no significant correlations to tTG-IgA, tTG-IgG, or EMA-IgA levels. Therefore,  NK cell count  may be inappropriate marker for monitoring compliance to a gluten free diet.
Ouvrier’s Modified Mini Mental State Examination as a screening test for cognitive impairment in school-aged children with epilepsy
Authors: Saputra Hariadi Edi , Handryastuti Setyo , Mangunatmadja Irawan , Widodo Dwi Putro , Pardede Sudung O.
Published: August 2020

Background Epilepsy may affect children's development, including their cognitive function. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients is quite high. Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) takes a long time to administer and is expensive, so a simpler screening tool for cognitive evaluation is needed in pediatric epilepsy patients.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of Ouvrier’s Modified Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) for detecting cognitive impairment in children aged 8-11 years with epilepsy.

Methods This diagnostic study was conducted in December 2018 to February 2019 at Cipto Mangunkusumo and Fatmawati Hospitals in Jakarta. Data were collected with purposive sampling of children with epilepsy aged 8 to 11 years. Cognitive function was assessed by Ouvrier’s Modified MMSE and WISC. Ouvrier’s Modified MMSE was compared to WISC as and the gold standard. Results were analyzed using a 2x2 table.

Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment in 8-11-year-old epilepsy patients was 72.9%. Ouvrier’s Modified MMSE had 83% sensitivity, 85% specificity, 94% positive predictive value, 65% negative predictive value, and 83% accuracy.

Conclusions Ouvrier’s Modified MMSE has good diagnostic value, thus it may be useful for early detection of cognitive impairment in pediatric epilepsy.
Impact of albumin levels on clinical outcomes in children underwent abdominal surgery
Authors: Dewi Rismala , Silitonga Freddy Guntur Mangapul , Mangunatmadja Irawan
Published: August 2020

Background Patients underwent abdominal surgery and had hypoalbuminemia were at risk of post-operative complications. The prognostic role of albumin levels in children with abdominal surgery remains unclear.

Objective To investigate the impact of albumin levels on clinical outcomes related to the complications in children with abdominal surgery.

Methods This was a retrospective cohort study on children aged 29 days to 18 years, who underwent abdominal surgery, had serum albumin levels measured at pre-operative and within 48 hours post-operatively, and hospitalized in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia. The primary outcomes were post-operative complications (sepsis, surgical site infection, shock), length of stay in PICU, dehiscence, relaparotomy, and postoperative mortality.

Results This study recruited a total of 201 children. Pre- and post-operative serum albumin levels of ≤ 3.00 g/dL were found in 15.4% and 51.2%, respectively. Pre- and post-operative serum albumin levels of ≤ 3.00 g/dL were associated with higher risk of post-operative sepsis (RR 3.4; 95%CI 1.54 to 7.51) and relaparotomy (RR 3.84; 95%CI 1.28 to 1.49). The median of length of PICU stay was 4 days longer in children with pre-operative serum albumin levels ≤ 3.00 g/dL (P<0.001).

Conclusions Hypoalbuminemia condition in children undergo abdominal surgery is associated with increased risk of post-operative sepsis, longer length of stay in PICU, and risk of relaparotomy.
Efeitos da periferização nos níveis de acessibilidade aos empregos da população de baixa renda em Fortaleza
Authors: Andrade Beatriz Rodrigues , Loureiro Carlos Felipe Grangeiro , Sousa Francelino Franco Leite de Matos , Lopes André Soares
Published: August 2020

A expansão urbana por meio da segregação socioespacial involuntária, quando concomitante a um processo de concentração de empregos, afeta negativamente a acessibilidade ao trabalho de certos grupos populacionais. O segmento mais impactado é a população de baixa renda, pois está sujeita a restrições socioeconômicas que a impedem de residir nas regiões mais acessíveis aos empregos. Fortaleza é exemplo dessa problemática, com a maioria da população de baixa renda residindo nas regiões a oeste da cidade, distantes da maior oferta de postos de trabalho na região Central. Para uma melhor compreensão dessa problemática, este trabalho propõe um método de caracterização e diagnóstico para avaliar a magnitude dos problemas e suas mútuas dependências. Para isto, fez-se uso da modelagem integrada na obtenção de indicadores, aplicando-se então ferramentas de análise espacial exploratória em áreas que permitiram a verificação de evidências das intra e inter-relações nos subsistemas de uso do solo e transportes, corroborando a hipótese de causalidade dos efeitos da periferização da população de baixa renda sobre seus baixos níveis de acessibilidade aos empregos ofertados em Fortaleza.
Desenvolvimento de função de transferência para previsão de área trincada em pavimentos asfálticos por meio da simulação do dano por fadiga utilizando modelo S-VECD e análises elásticas
Authors: Santiago Lucimar Da Silva , Babadopulos Lucas Feitosa de A. L. , Soares Jorge Barbosa
Published: August 2020

A evolução dos métodos de caracterização e da quantidade de materiais testados em âmbito nacional nas últimas décadas possibilitou a organização de um banco de dados de pavimentos rodoviários. São informações essenciais para métodos de dimensionamento, cujas funções de transferência possibilitam a previsão do desempenho a partir de modelagem computacional. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho é desenvolver uma função de transferência que associa dados de caracterização de dano por fadiga em laboratório à área trincada observada em campo. As ferramentas usadas foram a rigidez da mistura, caracterizada pelo módulo complexo, e a vida de fadiga, pelas curvas de integridade (C vs S) e de envoltória de falha (GR vs Nf), associados à análise elástica multicamadas e a uma variável de dano “reduzida”. Os resultados de evolução de dano calculada foram usados para prever observações da evolução do percentual de área trincada em campo. Numa etapa de calibração envolvendo 27 trechos experimentais, foi possível se obter uma função de transferência única entre as previsões de laboratório e as observações de campo. A validação da função foi realizada com dados de 17 outros trechos. Através de 2 exemplos de dimensionamento, observou-se uma questão importante relativa à definição convencional da variável de dano médio reduzido, sobretudo na previsão de comportamento de pavimentos com espessura de revestimento maior que 15cm.
Procedimento para avaliação da resiliência de sistemas de transportes
Authors: Leobons Camila Maestrelli , Campos Vânia Barcellos Gouvêa , Bandeira Renata Albergaria de Mello
Published: August 2020

Neste trabalho, propõe-se uma medida de resiliência de sistemas de transportes, que está relacionada à capacidade destes em reduzir o impacto na movimentação de pessoas em uma cidade após um evento, climático ou causado pelo homem, que gere perturbações em partes destes sistemas. Uma interrupção dos serviços, em um determinado modo de transportes, sobrecarrega outros modos que, não tendo capacidade de absorver, impactam a mobilidade na cidade, gerando grandes inconvenientes para a população. Nesse contexto, indicadores e índices representam um importante instrumento de monitoramento do nível de resiliência. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo consiste no desenvolvimento de um procedimento para caracterização do nível de resiliência da rede de transportes de uma cidade, que contempla os diferentes modos de transporte oferecidos na cidade e compara as resiliências das zonas da cidade. Para confirmar a aplicabilidade do procedimento desenvolvido, a cidade do Rio de Janeiro é selecionada para estudo de caso.
Analysis of accident duration on urban arterials roads
Authors: De Souza Vandeyberg Nogueira , De Oliveira Neto Francisco Moraes
Published: August 2020

Acidentes de trânsito são o principal fator para a formação de congestionamentos não recorrentes em vias urbanas e responsáveis por gerar atrasos inesperados aos usuários do sistema. Entender o comportamento da duração desses acidentes e identificar os seus fatores explicativos pode conduzir para um gerenciamento mais eficiente do tráfego urbano. Buscando contribuir com essa problemática, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a duração de acidentes de trânsito ocorridos em vias urbanas da cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Inicialmente, um método para detectar a duração dos acidentes a partir de dados de tráfego de equipamentos de fiscalização eletrônica foi proposto, dada a indisponibilidade dessa informação no banco de dados de acidentes de trânsito. Como resultados, a duração dos 324 acidentes detectados teve uma média de 72 minutos e uma dispersão de 48 minutos. A função densidade de probabilidade Gamma apresentou o melhor ajuste à duração dos acidentes, indicando que essa variável é influenciada por eventos que ocorrem ao longo do tempo, aumentando a probabilidade de o acidente ser resolvido. A análise mostrou que fatores relacionados ao atendimento dos acidentes, ao comportamento dos indivíduos, ao número de veículos envolvidos e ao local de ocorrência (meio de quadra ou interseção) podem estar influenciando a duração dos acidentes. Entretanto, não foram encontrados indícios de que a duração dos acidentes é influenciada pela sua gravidade (acidentes com ou sem vítimas) ou pela sua natureza.
Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Menggunakan Keterangan Ahli Kedokteran Forensik Sebagai Alat Bukti Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan
Authors: Muksin Muchlas Rastra Samara , Rochaeti Nur
Published: August 2020

Pemeriksaan suatu perkara pidana menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan didalam suatu proses peradilan yang bertujuan untuk mencari kebenaran materiil (materiile waarheid) salah satu usaha yakni dengan menggunakan ilmu bantu kedokteran forensik, Namun sayangnya dilapangan banyak sekali Aparat Penegak Hukum Termasuk Hakim yang tidak memanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin metode yang diperbolehkan oleh Hukum Acara Indonesia untuk menghadirkan kebenaran dan keadilan dalam suatu perkara Pidana Khususnya Pembunuhan. Artikel ini memberikan kejelasan kedudukan dan pengaruh Alat Bukti Kedokteran Forensik terhadap Pertimbangan Hakim. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Normatif. Bahwa Kedudukan keterangan ahli forensik berdiri pada sifat dualisme alat bukti keterangan ahli, Pada suatu sisi alat bukti keterangan ahli yang berbentuk laporan atau Visum et Repertum tetap dapat dinilai sebagai alat bukti keterangan ahli pada sisi yang lain alat bukti keterangan ahli yang berbentuk laporan juga menyentuh alat bukti surat, namun pengambilan keputusan akan sifat dualisme alat bukti keterangan ahli Forensik terletak pada keyakinan hakim dalam membuat putusan. Ilmu kedokteran forensik berperan dalam hal menentukan hubungan kausalitas antara sesuatu perbuatan dengan akibat yang akan menimbulkan akibat luka pada tubuh atau yang menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan atau yang menimbulkan matinya seseorang (causal verbend).
Membumikan Instrumen Hukum Administrasi Negara Sebagai Alat Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Sosial dalam Perspektif Negara Demokrasi
Authors: Lismanto Lismanto , Utama Yos Johan
Published: August 2020

Proses demokratisasi dalam masyarakat Indonesia memberikan konsekuensi logis bahwa negara semestinya tidak mengutamakan perannya dari sisi kekuasaan dan kewenangan, tetapi lebih mengutamakan perannya dari aspek pelayanan dan kewiraswastaan. Pemerintah dalam sebuah negara kesejahteraan memiliki tugas menyelenggarakan kesejahteraan umum di segala kehidupan bermasyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membumikan hukum administrasi negara sebagai alat untuk menyejahterakan masyarakat dalam sebuah negara kesejahteraan di era demokrasi-modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa negara membutuhkan hukum administrasi sebagai alat penyejahtera rakyat yang seharusnya membumi, dengan trust dengan tidak mengutamakan aspek penal dan prejudice suspicion dan bukan sebagai alat kekuasaan atau kewenangan. Negara juga membutuhkan norma-norma dalam hukum administrasi yang dapat memberikan ruang gerak bagi administrator, sehingga negara dapat mewujudkan konsep negara kesejahteraan dengan baik.
On the growth analysis of meromorphic solutions of finite ϕ-order of linear difference equations
Authors: Datta Sanjib Kumar , Biswas Nityagopal
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we investigate some growth properties of meromorphic
solutions of higher-order linear difference equation

A
n

⁢

(
z
)

⁢
f
⁢

(

z
+
n

)

+
…
+

A
1

⁢

(
z
)

⁢
f
⁢

(

z
+
1

)

+

A
0

⁢

(
z
)

⁢
f
⁢

(
z
)

=
0

,

A_{n}(z)f(z+n)+\dots+A_{1}(z)f(z+1)+A_{0}(z)f(z)=0,

where

A
n

⁢

(
z
)

,
…
,

A
0

⁢

(
z
)

{A_{n}(z),\dots,A_{0}(z)}

are meromorphic
coefficients of finite φ-order in the complex plane where φ
is a non-decreasing unbounded function. We extend some earlier results of
Latreuch and Belaidi [Z. Latreuch and B. Belaïdi,
Growth and oscillation of meromorphic solutions of linear difference equations,
Mat. Vesnik 66 2014, 2, 213–222].
Sea Raiders in the Amarna Letters?
Authors: Emanuel Jeffrey P.
Published: August 2020

The Amarna corpus contains several references to maritime conflict and related activities in the 14th century BCE, including blockades, the movement of troops, the capturing of ships at sea, and seaborne evacuation. While most of these are encountered in the context of conflicts between Levantine polities, there are clear references to what might on the one hand be called piracy, but on the other hand either acts of naval warfare or naval elements of a larger war effort, on both land and sea. This paper considers the martial maritime activities discussed in the Amarna letters, with particular emphasis on two uniquely controversial groups mentioned in this corpus in the context of maritime violence: the ‘ships of the men of the city of Arwad’ and the ‘miši-men.’ While the men of Arwad are identified with a polity on the Phoenician coast, they are referred to only by this collective term, even when mentioned in lists that otherwise contain only rulers. The miši, on the other hand, are not associated with any specific name or toponym. The purpose of this study is to identify just what can be determined about the roles and affiliations of these two groups in their Amarna context in this period.
Zum hurritischen Wort immarde
Authors: Fischer Sebastian
Published: August 2020

This article suggests that the hitherto uninterpreted Hurrian word immarde is a term connected with extispicy performed on sacrificed sheep. This interpretation is supported by textual evidence from both the Hurrian texts from Emar and Hattusa.
Influences of advanced glycosylation end products on the inner blood–retinal barrier in a co-culture cell model in vitro
Authors: Yuan Chen , Mo Ya , Yang Jie , Zhang Mei , Xie Xuejun
Published: August 2020

Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) are harmful factors that can damage the inner blood–retinal barrier (iBRB). Rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) were isolated and cultured, and identified by anti-CD31 and von Willebrand factor polyclonal antibodies. Similarly, rat retinal Müller glial cells (RMGCs) were identified by H&E staining and with antibodies of glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value was measured with a Millicell electrical resistance system to observe the leakage of the barrier. Transwell cell plates for co-culturing RMECs with RMGCs were used to construct an iBRB model, which was then tested with the addition of AGEs at final concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L for 24, 48, and 72 h. AGEs in the in vitro iBRB model constructed by RMEC and RMGC co-culture led to the imbalance of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelial derivative factor (PEDF), and the permeability of the RMEC layer increased because the TEER decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AGEs increased VEGF but lowered PEDF in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The intervention with AGEs led to the change of the transendothelial resistance of the RMEC layer likely caused by the increased ratio of VEGF/PEDF.
Biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of metallic biomaterials
Authors: Ali Sadaqat , Abdul Rani Ahmad Majdi , Baig Zeeshan , Ahmed Syed Waqar , Hussain Ghulam , Subramaniam Krishnan , Hastuty Sri , Rao Tadamilla V.V.L.N.
Published: August 2020

Biomaterials play a significant role in revolutionizing human life in terms of implants and medical devices. These materials essentially need to be highly biocompatible and inert to the human physiological conditions. This paper provides an in-depth, critical and analytical review on the previous research work and studies conducted in the field of metals and alloys used as implant materials including stainless steel, titanium and its alloys, cobalt chromium and others. Since the manufacturing of medical implants relies on selected grades of biomaterials, metals play a significant role in biomaterials market. This paper focuses on highlighting some basic principles of manufacturing implant materials underlying composition, structure and properties of these materials. Finally, attention is also given to the role of these implant materials on the betterment of human life in terms of their failures by critically analysing these materials.
Agnathia-otocephaly complex: a case report and a literature review on recurrence risk
Authors: Vanhees Lievelijn , Denayer Ellen , Thaens Anke , Fransis Sabine , Van Hoestenberghe Marie-Rose
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Agnathia-otocephaly complex (AOC) is an extremely rare, lethal disorder causing obstruction of the upper airway at birth due to absence of the mandible and hypoplasia of the oral cavity. Implications for future pregnancies need to be elucidated by parental counselling, as recurrence of AOC or associated comorbidities are possible. Very little is known on this subject, because of the rarity of the disorder and scarce data on genetic causes of this complex. The objectives of this study were to determine the recurrence risk and mode of inheritance for AOC based on current literature.

Contents

Recurrence of AOC or associated comorbidities within the family of an index case was reported in eight articles, describing 7 and 27 relatives, respectively. There were eight AOC cases in which the genetic cause was known. Mutations in 2 genes, orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) and paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1), have been described. Due to its mainly sporadic appearance, recurrence risk is low. Counselling on recurrence risk is difficult, because of a broad heterogeneity with complex inheritance patterns and variability in phenotypic expression.

Outlook

Chromosomal analysis and exome sequencing in children with AOC will help unravel current aetiological uncertainties and could help in further reproductive decisions. We emphasize the need for timely diagnosis through ultrasound, providing parents with the opportunity to receive multidisciplinary counselling, giving them the chance to contemplate their management decisions.
Ein Bett gestalten
Authors: Dorschel Andreas
Published: August 2020

In the process of making bedsteads, Plato claimed, makers look towards the ‘idea’ of the bed. But what is that idea? Two candidates come to mind: shape and purpose. The fact that we identify objects of very different shape, not even involving a bedstead, as beds seems to render purpose conceptually superior. But, then, what is a bed’s purpose? An obvious response appears tobe: lying down and sleeping. Yet, first, beds are not needed for that. Secondly, precisely when a bed is slept on, it is not perceived as a design object. Thirdly, beds constitute a kind of existential furniture, associated with giving birth, making love, suffering illness and dying. All such issues humans really care about, however, are strikingly indifferent towards the design of beds. As elsewhere, the maxim that form follows function fails. Design thinking might rather make headway when beds are conceived of as peculiar spaces within spaces.
Wesensform und Funktionswert
Authors: Schweppenhäuser Gerhard
Published: August 2020

The essay begins with some historical considerations on design, philosophy and science. The subsequent reflections focus on the quasi-metaphysical prerequisites of the conditions under which design objects and design processes are produced and received. It is a question of the relationships that can be reconstructed – in the context of nature’s subjugation, work, and social interaction – between purposes of use and external and internal determination of form. Under the social conditions of the capitalist economy, design casts things, nature and people into commodity form. This makes it possible to communicate them and to communicate with them. And by doing this in an aesthetic way, design produces at the same time images or representations of things, nature and people beyond their commodity form. In the sphere of the aesthetic appearance of objects and processes, their functionalisation is exceeded. The aesthetic paradigm shift from the primacy of the form of the design object to the primacy of the social function of aesthetic practice – introduced by Walter Benjamin’s media aesthetics – is actualised in a contradictory fashion in contemporary high-tech communication.
Fmoc-diphenylalanine-based hydrogels as a potential carrier for drug delivery
Authors: Choe Ranjoo , Il Yun Seok
Published: August 2020

Self-assembled hydrogels from 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-modified diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) peptides were evaluated as potential vehicles for drug delivery. During self-assembly of Fmoc-FF, high concentrations of indomethacin (IDM) drugs were shown to be incorporated into the hydrogels. The β-sheet arrangement of peptides was found to be predominant in Fmoc-FF–IDM hydrogels regardless of the IDM content. The release mechanism for IDM displayed a biphasic profile comprising an initial hydrogel erosion-dominated stage followed by the diffusion-controlled stage. Small amounts of polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) added to the hydrogel (Fmoc-FF 0.5%–IDM 0.5%–PAMAM 0.03%) resulted in a more prolonged IDM release compared with Fmoc-FF 0.5%–IDM 0.5% hydrogel. Furthermore, these IDM-loaded hydrogels demonstrated excellent thixotropic response and injectability, which make them suitable candidates for use as injectable self-healing matrices for drug delivery.