bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of acute coronary syndrome within 3 years using radiomics signature of pericoronary adipose tissue based on coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Shang Jin , Ma Shaowei , Guo Yan , Yang Linlin , Zhang Qian , Xie Fuchun , Ma Yue , Ma Quanmei , Dang Yuxue , Zhou Ke , Liu Ting , Yang Jinzhu , Hou Yang
Published: August 2021

Objectives

To evaluate whether radiomics signature of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) based on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) could improve the prediction of future acute coronary syndrome (ACS) within 3 years.

Methods

We designed a retrospective case-control study that patients with ACS (n= 90) were well matched to patients with no cardiac events (n= 1496) during 3 years follow-up, then which were randomly divided into training and test datasets with a ratio of 3:1. A total of 107 radiomics features were extracted from PCAT surrounding lesions and 14 conventional plaque characteristics were analyzed. Radiomics score, plaque score, and integrated score were respectively calculated via a linear combination of the selected features, and their performance was evaluated with discrimination, calibration, and clinical application.

Results

Radiomics score achieved superior performance in identifying patients with future ACS within 3 years in both training and test datasets (AUC = 0.826, 0.811) compared with plaque score (AUC = 0.699, 0.640), with a significant difference of AUC between two scores in the training dataset (p= 0.009); while the improvement of integrated score discriminating capability (AUC = 0.838, 0.826) was non-significant. The calibration curves of three predictive models demonstrated a good fitness respectively (allp> 0.05). Decision curve analysis suggested that integrated score added more clinical benefit than plaque score. Stratified analysis revealed that the performance of three predictive models was not affected by tube voltage, CT version, different sites of hospital.

Conclusion

CCTA-based radiomics signature of PCAT could have the potential to predict the occurrence of subsequent ACS. Radiomics-based integrated score significantly outperformed plaque score in identifying future ACS within 3 years.

Key Points

• Plaque score based on conventional plaque characteristics had certain limitations in the prediction of ACS.

• Radiomics signature of PCAT surrounding plaques could have the potential to improve the predictive ability of subsequent ACS.

• Radiomics-based integrated score significantly outperformed plaque score in the identification of future ACS within 3 years.
Intuition and exponential growth: bias and the roles of parameterization and complexity
Authors: Schonger Martin , Sele Daniela
Published: August 2021

Exponential growth bias is the phenomenon that humans intuitively underestimate exponential growth. This article reports on an experiment where treatments differ in the parameterization of growth: Exponential growth is communicated to one group in terms of growth rates, and in terms of doubling times to the other. Exponential growth bias is much smaller when doubling times are employed. Considering that in many applications, individuals face a choice between different growth rates, rather than between exponential growth and zero growth, we ask a question where growth is reduced from high to low. Subjects vastly underestimate the effect of this reduction, though less so in the parameterization using doubling times. The answers to this question are more severely biased than one would expect from the answers to the exponential growth questions. These biases emerge despite the sample being highly educated and exhibiting awareness of exponential growth bias. Implications for teaching, the usefulness of heuristics, and policy are discussed.
Development of a systematic approach to conversion of the ileoanal pouch into continent ileostomy
Authors: Ecker K.-W. , Dinh C. , Ecker N. K. J.
Published: August 2021

Based on practical experience, a systematic approach to conversion of ileal J-pouches into continent ileostomies is developed by defining three types of conversion surgery, each with two subtypes. Type 1 refers to conversion without pouch reconstruction, type 2 to partial pouch reconstruction, and type 3 to complete pouch reconstruction. The subdivisions (a and b) take into account whether the afferent loop of the former pelvic pouch (a) or a higher ileal/jejunal segment of the small intestine (b) is used in conversion and/or reconstruction. The six resulting surgical variants are shown in schematic illustrations with accompanying descriptions of technical details to provide the specialized surgeon with comprehensive technical guidance.
Science and policy in extremis: the UK’s initial response to COVID-19
Authors: Birch Jonathan
Published: August 2021

Drawing on the SAGE minutes and other documents, I consider the wider lessons for norms of scientific advising that can be learned from the UK’s initial response to coronavirus in the period January–March 2020, when an initial strategy that planned to avoid total suppression of transmission was abruptly replaced by an aggressive suppression strategy. I introduce a distinction between “normatively light advice”, in which no specific policy option is recommended, and “normatively heavy advice” that does make an explicit recommendation. I argue that, although scientific advisers should avoid normatively heavy advice in normal times in order to facilitate democratic accountability, this norm can be permissibly overridden in situations of grave emergency. SAGE’s major mistake in early 2020 was not that of endorsing a particular strategy, nor that of being insufficiently precautionary, but that of relying too heavily on a specific set of “reasonable worst-case” planning assumptions. I formulate some proposals that assign a more circumscribed role to “worst-case” thinking in emergency planning. In an epilogue, I consider what the implications of my proposals would have been for the UK’s response to the “second wave” of late 2020.
An edge based hybrid intrusion detection framework for mobile edge computing
Authors: Singh Ashish , Chatterjee Kakali , Satapathy Suresh Chandra
Published: August 2021

The Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) model attracts more users to its services due to its characteristics and rapid delivery approach. This network architecture capability enables users to access the information from the edge of the network. But, the security of this edge network architecture is a big challenge. All the MEC services are available in a shared manner and accessed by users via the Internet. Attacks like the user to root, remote login, Denial of Service (DoS), snooping, port scanning, etc., can be possible in this computing environment due to Internet-based remote service. Intrusion detection is an approach to protect the network by detecting attacks. Existing detection models can detect only the known attacks and the efficiency for monitoring the real-time network traffic is low. The existing intrusion detection solutions cannot identify new unknown attacks. Hence, there is a need of an Edge-based Hybrid Intrusion Detection Framework (EHIDF) that not only detects known attacks but also capable of detecting unknown attacks in real time with low False Alarm Rate (FAR). This paper aims to propose an EHIDF which is mainly considered the Machine Learning (ML) approach for detecting intrusive traffics in the MEC environment. The proposed framework consists of three intrusion detection modules with three different classifiers. The Signature Detection Module (SDM) uses a C4.5 classifier, Anomaly Detection Module (ADM) uses Naive-based classifier, and Hybrid Detection Module (HDM) uses the Meta-AdaboostM1 algorithm. The developed EHIDF can solve the present detection problems by detecting new unknown attacks with low FAR. The implementation results illustrate that EHIDF accuracy is 90.25% and FAR is 1.1%. These results are compared with previous works and found improved performance. The accuracy is improved up to 10.78% and FAR is reduced up to 93%. A game-theoretical approach is also discussed to analyze the security strength of the proposed framework.
Unexpected sudden intraoperative cardiac arrest during a gynecologic surgery: A case report
Authors: Sisay Amanuel , Jemal Sulaiman , Horsa Bayisa
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Unexpected cardiac arrest during the intraoperative period contributes to higher morbidity and mortality. All patients undergoing surgery and anesthesia have a risk of having a cardiorespiratory event perioperatively.

Presentation of case:

A 70 years old female (Gravida 7, Para 7) patient having an elective transvaginal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia. After 1 hour and 25 minute, the patient had sudden intraoperative cardiac arrest noted with loss of carotid pulse, undetectable blood pressure, and chaotic irregular deflection with decrement of amplitude on ECG. Immediate resuscitation was done with chest compression, endotracheal intubation, and epinephrine administration. The patient extubated in the operation room and wean after a day from vasopressor support in the intensive care unit then patient discharged safely after a week.

Discussion:

Intraoperative cardiac arrest is a very infrequent and unanticipated adverse event following noncardiac surgery. Urgent surgeries, lower American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, and trauma are major contributors to this unwanted event. 4 ''H'' and 4 ''T'' mnemonics are well-known reversible causes of cardiac arrest. Deterioration in hemodynamic status during surgery is an indicator of an upcoming cardiac arrest.

Conclusion:

Patients with low risk score for perioperative cardiac event might develop a sudden intraoperative cardiac arrest. Preparation for resuscitation at any time of surgery is very important in the management of sudden and unexpected cardiopulmonary arrest during surgery.

Highlights
MANUFACTURE OF THE WELL-KNOWN CENTRAL AND NORTHEASTERN EUROPEAN EYE FIBULAE: PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN TRICKS OF THE TRADE
Authors: Bliujienė Audronė , Peseckas Kęstutis , Šapolaitė Justina , Ežerinskis Žilvinas , Bagdzevičienė Jurga , Babenskas Evaldas , Taraškevičius Ričardas , Suzdalev Sergej , Vybernaitė-Lubienė Irma , Pabedinskas Algirdas , Butkus Laurynas , Petrauskas Gediminas
Published: August 2021

The emergence and widespread distribution of eye fibulae as adornment objects, from the northern provinces of the Roman Empire to northeastern Europe and Scandinavia, as well as their typology have been widely explored. Currently in Lithuania, a total of 209 eye fibulae dating to the 1st and 2nd centuries are known. The geographical distribution, typology and chronology of these Early Roman Period jewelry artifacts do not present any problem. However, the technology of manufacture of these fibulae has been much less studied. The present article analyzes the technology of manufacture of Prussian series eye fibulae, including the previously unknown specific manufacturing techniques, such as the use of wooden axes to modify the construction of the fibula and make it more durable and long lasting. Radiocarbon (14C) dating has unambiguously confirmed that the wooden axes are contemporaneous with the time of the use of the fibulae, while observation under the scanning electron microscope has identified wood species used for making the wooden axes. The X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) analysis was used to determine the copper alloys, of which eye fibulae were made. The manufacturing technologies of eye fibulae (forging and casting) are discussed in the context of analytical and experimental studies.
Missionaries of the Party: Work-team Participation and Intellectual Incorporation
Authors: Perry Elizabeth J.
Published: August 2021

Among the most distinctive features of Chinese Communist Party governance is the frequent deployment of work teams to conduct campaigns, implement policies and troubleshoot crises. An underappreciated aspect of work-team operations from Land Reform to the present has been the active participation of educated intellectuals as key intermediaries between central leaders and grassroots society. Serving in effect as “missionaries” of the Party, intellectual work-team members function as trained “ritual specialists” in carrying out their appointed mission. Although work teams are often not the most efficient or effective means of governance, the impact of work-team experience on team members themselves is consequential. Employing quasi-religious practices designed to promote the ideological incorporation of intellectuals, work teams have helped to forestall the emergence in China of an alienated class of dissidents like those whose criticisms eroded the legitimacy of Communist regimes elsewhere in the world.
Molecular epidemiology of a familial cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infection during lockdown period in Sant Kabir Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Zaman Kamran , Shankar Prem , Yadav Pragya D. , Nyayanit Dimpal A. , Behera Sthita Pragnya , Bhardwaj Pooja , Shete Anita , Majumdar Triparna , Yadav Rajaram , Patil Savita , Deval Hirawati , Dwivedi Gaurav Raj , Pandey Ashok K. , Singh Rajeev , Misra Brij R. , Kumar Niraj , Kumar Kaushik , Yadav Priyanka , Yadav Girijesh Kumar , Kumar Manoj , Sah Kamlesh Kumar , Singh Ravi Shankar , Kumar Sanjeev , Kavathekar Asif , Kumar Vijay , Kant Rajni
Published: August 2021

We report a familial cluster of 24 individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The index case had a travel history and spent 24 days in the house before being tested and was asymptomatic. Physical overcrowding in the house provided a favourable environment for intra-cluster infection transmission. Restriction of movement of family members due to countrywide lockdown limited the spread in community. Among the infected, only four individuals developed symptoms. The complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 was retrieved using next-generation sequencing from eight clinical samples which demonstrated a 99.99% similarity with reference to Wuhan strain and the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a distinct cluster, lying in the B.6.6 pangolin lineage.
Heaven, Hell or Somewhere in Between: Sergei Prokofiev's The Fiery Angel and the Search for Spiritual Truth
Authors: Frainier Margaret
Published: August 2021

Sergei Prokofiev's The Fiery Angel (Ognennyi angel) has remained comparatively little studied among his operatic works, interpreted primarily as a parody of Russian symbolist beliefs and practice. In the last few years, however, new biographical information has emerged about the period during which Prokofiev wrote The Fiery Angel that points to ways of reconsidering the opera's compositional history and legacy. Furthermore, recent scholarship on the application of narrative theory to opera studies presents new methods for examining how opera might incorporate a narrative point of view. Combining these lines of inquiry, this article scrutinises Prokofiev's two complete versions of Angel (1923 and 1927) in the context of the composer's conversion to Christian Science during the intervening period. It argues that the 1927 version privileges its central character's point of view, as he experiences a process of spiritual awakening similar to the composer's own.
Risk factors for prolonged ventilation after the modified Fontan procedure
Authors: Tsubura Masahiro , Osaki Masaki , Motono Kensaku , Hamamoto Nao
Published: August 2021

Objective:

To investigate the risk factors associated with prolonged ventilation after Fontan surgery.

Design:

Retrospective case series.

Setting:

Tertiary childrens hospital.

Patients:

We included 123 children who underwent Fontan surgery without delayed sternal closure or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation between 2011 and 2017.

Intervention:

Fontan surgery.

Measurements and main results:

Prolonged ventilation was defined as intubation for more than 24 hours after surgery. Preoperative, intraoperative, and perioperative data were collected retrospectively from medical records. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for prolonged ventilation. The median age and weight of patients were 2.2 years and 10.0 kg, respectively. Seventeen per cent of the patients (n = 21) received prolonged mechanical ventilation, and the median intubation period was 2.9 days. There were no 90-day or in-hospital deaths. The independent predictors of prolonged ventilation identified were fenestration (p < 0.01), low pulmonary artery index (p = 0.02), and advanced atrioventricular regurgitation (p < 0.01). The duration of ICU stay was significantly longer in the prolonged ventilation group than in the early extubation group (10 days versus 6 days, p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Fenestration, low pulmonary artery index, and significant atrioventricular regurgitation are risk factors for prolonged ventilation after Fontan surgery. Careful preoperative and perioperative management that considers the risk factors for prolonged ventilation in each individual is important.
Test-Retest Reliability of Event-Related Potentials Across Three Tasks
Authors: Morand-Beaulieu Simon , Perrault Marie-Ange , Lavoie Marc E.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Event-related potentials (ERPs) constitute a useful and cost-effective method to assess the neural underpinnings of multiple cognitive processes. ERPs have been used to track changes in cognitive processes in longitudinal and clinical studies. However, few studies have assessed their test-retest reliability (i.e., their consistency across time). Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to assess the test-retest reliability of ERPs (P100, N100, P200, N200, P3b, lateralized readiness potentials) across three tasks. In two assessments separated by approximately 4 months, ERPs were recorded in 26 healthy participants, during two oddball tasks (motor and counting) and a stimulus-response compatibility paradigm. Pearson’s correlations and intraclass correlations were used to assess the test-retest reliability of ERPs. Correlations between ERPs elicited by the three tasks were assessed with Pearson’s correlations. Our analyses revealed moderate to very strong test-retest reliability for most ERP components across the three tasks. Test-retest reliability did not differ between the motor and counting oddball tasks. Most ERPs were also correlated across paradigms. Therefore, these results confirm that ERPs have the potential to be reliable markers to serve as robust assessment tools in longitudinal or clinical studies.
Asthenospheric Flow Channel From Northeastern Tibet Imaged by Seismic Tomography Between Ordos Block and Yangtze Craton
Authors: Yu Yong , Chen Yongshun John , Feng Yongge , An Meijian , Liang Xiaofeng , Guo Zhen , Qu Wulin , Li Shilin , Dong Shuwen
Published: August 2021

The collision between India and Eurasia forming the Tibetan Plateau since the early Cenozoic had led to the crustal and upper‐mantle (asthenospheric) extrusion from the plateau to the east. However, the Ordos and Yangtze cratonic keels next to the northeastern and eastern Tibetan Plateau obstruct this eastward asthenospheric extrusion. With a dense seismic array, for the first time, we imaged a narrow low P‐wave and S‐wave velocity anomaly characterized with higher Vp/Vs between these two Archean cratons at depths ranging from 150 to 300 km using finite‐frequency tomography. We interpret this low‐velocity anomaly as a channel of the eastward asthenospheric flow from the Tibetan Plateau. We provide solid seismic observations for a pathway of the Tibetan asthenospheric extrusion due to the ongoing collision of the Indian and Eurasian continents. This asthenospheric extrusion from the Tibetan Plateau could influence the lithospheric reworking in the central and eastern North China Craton.
Space‐Based Observational Constraints on NO2 Air Pollution Inequality From Diesel Traffic in Major US Cities
Authors: Demetillo Mary Angelique G. , Harkins Colin , McDonald Brian C. , Chodrow Philip S. , Sun Kang , Pusede Sally E.
Published: August 2021

Air pollution disproportionately burdens communities of color and lower‐income communities in US cities. We have generally lacked city‐wide concentration measurements that resolve the steep spatiotemporal gradients of primary pollutants required to describe intra‐urban air pollution inequality. Here, we use observations from the recently launched TROPospheric Ozone Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite sensor and physics‐based oversampling to describe nitrogen dioxide (NO2) disparities with race, ethnicity, and income in 52 US cities (June 2018–February 2020). We report average US‐urban census tract‐level NO2 inequalities of 28 ± 2% (race‐ethnicity and income combined), with many populous cities experiencing even greater inequalities. Using observations and inventories, we find diesel traffic is the dominant source of NO2 disparities, and that a 62% reduction in diesel emissions would decrease race‐ethnicity and income inequalities by 37%. We add evidence that TROPOMI resolves tract‐scale NO2 differences using relationships with urban segregation patterns and spatial variability in column‐to‐surface correlations.
Tectonic Activity Near the Rio Grande Rise Increases Fluid Flux in Old Oceanic Crust
Authors: Kardell Dominik A. , Zhao Zeyu , Ramos Evan J. , Estep Justin , Christeson Gail L. , Reece Robert S.
Published: August 2021

Oceanic plateau crust is thicker and hotter than the surrounding “normal” oceanic crust, causing differential subsidence and subsequent strain between the two domains. Here, we show that recently active sedimentary faults that have been imaged adjacent to the Rio Grande Rise, an oceanic plateau in the western South Atlantic, have extensions that can penetrate at least ∼1.5 km into the upper oceanic crust. Our high‐resolution seismic velocity model indicates that these fault zones significantly reduce seismic velocities and increase inferred porosity and permeability. We also present physical property‐constrained fluid flow models that predict substantially increased fluxes along these pathways compared to crust not affected by faulting. As these phenomena are effectively enabled by the proximity of an oceanic plateau, we suggest that similar geologic settings globally may also exhibit elevated levels of tectonic and hydrothermal activity, with implications for the hydration of mature oceanic crust and the oceanic crustal biosphere.
Seasonal Freeze‐Thaw Cycles and Permafrost Degradation on Mt. Zugspitze (German/Austrian Alps) Revealed by Single‐Station Seismic Monitoring
Authors: Lindner Fabian , Wassermann Joachim , Igel Heiner
Published: August 2021

Thawing of mountain permafrost in response to rising temperatures degrades the stability of rock walls and thereby affects infrastructure integrity in Alpine terrain. In this study, we use 15 yr of passive seismic data from a single station deployed near a known permafrost body on Mt. Zugspitze (Germany), to monitor freeze‐thaw processes. The recordings reveal a persistent cultural seismic noise source, which we utilize to compute single‐station cross‐correlations and extract relative seismic velocity changes. We find that parts of the cross‐correlations show seasonal velocity variations (≈3% peak‐to‐peak amplitude) and a long‐term velocity decrease (≈0.1%/yr). Comparison with meteorological data and a previous electrical resistivity tomography study suggests that these velocity changes are caused by freeze‐thaw cycles and by permafrost degradation, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential of passive seismology for permafrost monitoring and suggest that denser instrumentation will provide detailed spatio‐temporal insights on permafrost dynamics in future studies.
Comprehensive mapping of SARS-CoV-2 interactions in vivo reveals functional virus-host interactions
Authors: Yang Siwy Ling , DeFalco Louis , Anderson Danielle E. , Zhang Yu , Aw Jong Ghut Ashley , Lim Su Ying , Lim Xin Ni , Tan Kiat Yee , Zhang Tong , Chawla Tanu , Su Yan , Lezhava Alexander , Merits Andres , Wang Lin-Fa , Huber Roland G. , Wan Yue
Published: August 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is a major threat to global health. Here, we investigate the RNA structure and RNA-RNA interactions of wildtype (WT) and a mutant (Δ382) SARS-CoV-2 in cells using Illumina and Nanopore platforms. We identify twelve potentially functional structural elements within the SARS-CoV-2 genome, observe that subgenomic RNAs can form different structures, and that WT and Δ382 virus genomes fold differently. Proximity ligation sequencing identify hundreds of RNA-RNA interactions within the virus genome and between the virus and host RNAs. SARS-CoV-2 genome binds strongly to mitochondrial and small nucleolar RNAs and is extensively 2’-O-methylated. 2’-O-methylation sites are enriched in viral untranslated regions, associated with increased virus pair-wise interactions, and are decreased in host mRNAs upon virus infection, suggesting that the virus sequesters methylation machinery from host RNAs towards its genome. These studies deepen our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity and provide a platform for targeted therapy.
The retinal ipRGC-preoptic circuit mediates the acute effect of light on sleep
Authors: Zhang Ze , Beier Corinne , Weil Tenley , Hattar Samer
Published: August 2021

Light regulates daily sleep rhythms by a neural circuit that connects intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) to the circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Light, however, also acutely affects sleep in a circadian-independent manner. The neural circuits involving the acute effect of light on sleep remain unknown. Here we uncovered a neural circuit that drives this acute light response, independent of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, but still through ipRGCs. We show that ipRGCs substantially innervate the preoptic area (POA) to mediate the acute light effect on sleep in mice. Consistently, activation of either the POA projecting ipRGCs or the light-responsive POA neurons increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep without influencing REM sleep. In addition, inhibition of the light-responsive POA neurons blocked the acute light effects on NREM sleep. The predominant light-responsive POA neurons that receive ipRGC input belong to the corticotropin-releasing hormone subpopulation. Remarkably, the light-responsive POA neurons are inhibitory and project to well-known wakefulness-promoting brain regions, such as the tuberomammillary nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus. Therefore, activation of the ipRGC-POA circuit inhibits arousal brain regions to drive light-induced NREM sleep. Our findings reveal a functional retina-brain circuit that is both necessary and sufficient for the acute effect of light on sleep.
Evidence for opposing selective forces operating on human-specific duplicated TCAF genes in Neanderthals and humans
Authors: Hsieh PingHsun , Dang Vy , Vollger Mitchell R. , Mao Yafei , Huang Tzu-Hsueh , Dishuck Philip C. , Baker Carl , Cantsilieris Stuart , Lewis Alexandra P. , Munson Katherine M. , Sorensen Melanie , Welch AnneMarie E. , Underwood Jason G. , Eichler Evan E.
Published: August 2021

TRP channel-associated factor 1/2 (TCAF1/TCAF2) proteins antagonistically regulate the cold-sensor protein TRPM8 in multiple human tissues. Understanding their significance has been complicated given the locus spans a gap-ridden region with complex segmental duplications in GRCh38. Using long-read sequencing, we sequence-resolve the locus, annotate full-lengthTCAFmodels in primate genomes, and show substantial human-specificTCAFcopy number variation. We identify two human super haplogroups, H4 and H5, and establish thatTCAFduplications originated ~1.7 million years ago but diversified only inHomo sapiensby recurrent structural mutations. Conversely, in all archaic-hominin samples the fixation for a specific H4 haplotype without duplication is likely due to positive selection. Here, our results ofTCAFcopy number expansion, selection signals in hominins, and differentialTCAF2expression between haplogroups and highTCAF2andTRPM8expression in liver and prostate in modern-day humans implyTCAFdiversification among hominins potentially in response to cold or dietary adaptations.
Nivolumab in combination with cabozantinib for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a phase II and biomarker study
Authors: Barroso-Sousa Romualdo , Keenan Tanya E. , Li Tianyu , Tayob Nabihah , Trippa Lorenzo , Pastorello Ricardo G. , Richardson III Edward T. , Dillon Deborah , Amoozgar Zohreh , Overmoyer Beth , Schnitt Stuart J. , Winer Eric P. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Van Allen Eliezer , Duda Dan G. , Tolaney Sara M.
Published: August 2021

This single-arm phase II study investigated the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib combined with nivolumab in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST 1.1. Biopsies at baseline and after cycle 1 were analyzed for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), PD-L1, and whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing. Only 1/18 patients achieved a partial response (ORR 6%), and the trial was stopped early. Toxicity led to cabozantinib dose reduction in 50% of patients. One patient had a PD-L1-positive tumor, and three patients had TILs > 10%. The responding patient had a PD-L1-negative tumor with low tumor mutational burden but high TILs and enriched immune gene expression. High pretreatment levels of plasma immunosuppressive cytokines, chemokines, and immune checkpoint molecules were associated with rapid progression. Although this study did not meet its primary endpoint, immunostaining, genomic, and proteomic studies indicated a high degree of tumor immunosuppression in this mTNBC cohort.
Automated stopping criterion for spectral measurements with active learning
Authors: Ueno Tetsuro , Ishibashi Hideaki , Hino Hideitsu , Ono Kanta
Published: August 2021

The automated stopping of a spectral measurement with active learning is proposed. The optimal stopping of the measurement is realised with a stopping criterion based on the upper bound of the posterior average of the generalisation error of the Gaussian process regression. It is revealed that the automated stopping criterion of the spectral measurement gives an approximated X-ray absorption spectrum with sufficient accuracy and reduced data size. The proposed method is not only a proof-of-concept of the optimal stopping problem in active learning but also the key to enhancing the efficiency of spectral measurements for high-throughput experiments in the era of materials informatics.
Proteomic profiling dataset of chemical perturbations in multiple biological backgrounds
Authors: Dele-Oni Deborah O. , Christianson Karen E. , Egri Shawn B. , Vaca Jacome Alvaro Sebastian , DeRuff Katherine C. , Mullahoo James , Sharma Vagisha , Davison Desiree , Ko Tak , Bula Michael , Blanchard Joel , Young Jennie Z. , Litichevskiy Lev , Lu Xiaodong , Lam Daniel , Asiedu Jacob K. , Toder Caidin , Officer Adam , Peckner Ryan , MacCoss Michael J. , Tsai Li-Huei , Carr Steven A. , Papanastasiou Malvina , Jaffe Jacob D.
Published: August 2021

While gene expression profiling has traditionally been the method of choice for large-scale perturbational profiling studies, proteomics has emerged as an effective tool in this context for directly monitoring cellular responses to perturbations. We previously reported a pilot library containing 3400 profiles of multiple perturbations across diverse cellular backgrounds in the reduced-representation phosphoproteome (P100) and chromatin space (Global Chromatin Profiling, GCP). Here, we expand our original dataset to include profiles from a new set of cardiotoxic compounds and from astrocytes, an additional neural cell model, totaling 5300 proteomic signatures. We describe filtering criteria and quality control metrics used to assess and validate the technical quality and reproducibility of our data. To demonstrate the power of the library, we present two case studies where data is queried using the concept of “connectivity” to obtain biological insight. All data presented in this study have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with identifiers PXD017458 (P100) and PXD017459 (GCP) and can be queried at https://clue.io/proteomics.
Characterizing right-angled vessel in macular telangiectasia type 2 with structural optical coherence tomography
Authors: Chung Yoo-Ri , Kim Young Ho , Oh Jaeryung , Kim Seong-Woo , Lee Christopher Seungkyu , Yun Cheolmin , Lee Boram , Ahn So Min , Choi Eun Young , Jang Sungmin , Lee Kihwang
Published: August 2021

We investigated the structural findings on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) related to the presence of right-angled vessels (RAV) in patients with macular telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2 with severity 3 in Korea. A retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in six tertiary hospitals in Korea; the study included 116 MacTel type 2 eyes with severity 3. The SD-OCT findings were compared between eyes with RAV on fundus photography or fluorescein angiography and those without RAV. Logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with the presence of RAV. Fifty eyes presented with RAV and 61 eyes without RAV. More eyes presented with only inner retinal (IR) cavities on SD-OCT among eyes without RAV than among those with RAV (P < 0.001). However, eyes with RAV presented with IR disorganization, outer retinal (OR) cavity, and ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption more frequently than eyes without RAV did (all P < 0.001). These SD-OCT findings were significantly associated with the presence of RAV. The presence of RAV was closely related to IR disorganization, OR cavities, and EZ disruption on SD-OCT. These findings suggest an advanced phase of MacTel type 2.
Association of the low-carbohydrate dietary pattern with postpartum weight retention in women
Authors: Chen Ying , Qin Yuting , Zhang Zhiwei , Huang Shaoming , Jiao Changya , Zhang Zheqing , Bao Wei , Mao Limei
Published: August 2021

The low-carbohydrate dietary pattern, particularly with low intake of glycemic load and high intake of fish and poultry from animal-source foods, is associated with a decreased risk of weight retention at 1 year postpartum.
Reliability and validity of a new colour-changing test food with an acid–base reaction for the clinical assessment of masticatory performance
Authors: Carneiro Dominique Ellen , Wendling Marianna Mafuzo , Martinello Poliana Alexandra , Costa Carla Andrejeski , Farago Paulo Vitor , Leifeld Vanessa , Sánchez-Ayala Alfonso
Published: August 2021

The acid–base reaction test food measures masticatory function by means of its colour change from green to pink, pairing to the number of masticatory cycles and comminuted median particle size.
Ultrahigh-energy sodium ion capacitors enabled by the enhanced intercalation pseudocapacitance of self-standing Ti2Nb2O9/CNF anodes
Authors: She Liaona , Zhang Feng , Jia Congying , Kang Liping , Li Qi , He Xuexia , Sun Jie , Lei Zhibin , Liu Zong-Huai
Published: August 2021

Ti2Nb2O9/CNF anode with excellent sodium storage performance is fabricated by electrospinning and carbonization treatment. The assembled Ti2Nb2O9/CNF//AC SIC exhibits a high energy density of 129 W h kg-1 at 75 W kg-1.
Asymmetric synthesis of oxazolines bearing α-stereocenters through radical addition–enantioselective protonation enabled by cooperative catalysis
Authors: Chen Yunrong , Ye Xueqian , He Faqian , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: August 2021

An efficient radical conjugate addition/enantioselective protonation process was developed for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral oxazolines bearing an α-stereocenter through cooperative photoredox catalysis and asymmetric organocatalysis.
Synthesis of naphthodihydrofurans via an iron(iii)-catalyzed reduction radical cascade reaction
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wang Bei , Xu Hong , Li Fu-Yu , Wang Ji-Yu
Published: August 2021

A convenient method for the synthesis of naphthodihydrofurans has been developed by iron(iii)-catalyzed cascade reaction of reducing radicals.
Modelling local structural and electronic consequences of proton and hydrogen-atom uptake in VO2 with polyoxovanadate clusters
Authors: Chakraborty Sourav , Schreiber Eric , Sanchez-Lievanos Karla R. , Tariq Mehrin , Brennessel William W. , Knowles Kathryn E. , Matson Ellen M.
Published: August 2021

We report the synthesis and characterisation of a series of siloxide-functionalised polyoxovanadate–alkoxide clusters, [V6O6(OSiMe3)(OMe)12]n (n = 1−, 2−), that serve as molecular models for proton and hydrogen-atom uptake in vanadium dioxide.
Audiologist-Supported Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tinnitus in the United States: A Pilot Trial
Authors: Beukes Eldré W. , Andersson Gerhard , Fagelson Marc , Manchaiah Vinaya
Published: August 2021

Background

Patients often report that living with a condition such as tinnitus can be debilitating, worrying, and frustrating. Efficient ways to foster management strategies for individuals with tinnitus and promoting tinnitus self-efficacy are needed. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) for tinnitus shows promise as an evidence-based intervention in Europe, but is not available in the United States. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of an ICBT intervention for tinnitus in the United States.

Method

This study reports the Phase 1 trial intended to support implementation of a larger randomized clinical trial (RCT) comparing ICBT to a weekly monitoring group. As a pilot study, a single-group pretest–posttest design was used to determine outcome potential, recruitment strategy, retention, and adherence rates of ICBT for tinnitus. The primary outcome was a change in tinnitus distress. Secondary outcome measures included measures of anxiety, depression, insomnia, tinnitus cognitions, hearing-related difficulties, and quality of life.

Results

Of the 42 screened participants, nine did not meet the inclusion criteria and six withdrew. There were 27 participants who completed the intervention, with a mean age of 55.48 (± 9.9) years.

Feasibility was established, as a large pretest–posttest effect size ofd = 1.6 was found for tinnitus severity. Large pretest–posttest effect sizes were also found for tinnitus cognitions and hearing-related effects, and a medium effect was found for insomnia and quality of life. Treatment adherence varied with a retention rate of 85% (n = 23) at post-intervention assessment and 67% (n = 18) for the follow-up assessment.

Conclusions

This pilot study supported the feasibility of ICBT for tinnitus in the United States. Ways of improving intervention retention and recruitment rates need to be explored in future ICBT studies. Protocol refinements that were identified will be implemented prior to further RCTs to investigate the efficacy of ICBT for tinnitus in the United States.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15501135
Long‐term generation scheduling for renewable‐dominant systems concerning limited energy supporting capability of hydrogeneration
Authors: Lin Yisha , Qiao Ying , Lu Zongxiang
Published: August 2021

Renewable‐dominant mixtures with hydrogeneration and variable renewable energies (VREs) have been the focus for decarbonization of power systems. Hydrogeneration with large reservoir becomes the main regulating source. The long‐term generation scheduling (LTGS) on monthly reservoir regulation for the approaching year becomes more significant because reserving adequate water storage is related to intramonth balance, considering that hydrogeneration has to supplement deficit energy of VRE generation. However, conventional LTGS method that is based on monthly averages overestimates the hydrogeneration's intramonth energy supporting capability, whereas rolling short‐term generation scheduling method cannot account the long‐term effect of reservoir regulation decisions. This paper proposes a new LTGS method accounting intramonth imbalance risk that the energy deficit of VRE generation exceeds the maximum supporting energy of hydrogeneration. Since intramonth imbalance risk is coupled with LTGS in an uncertain and implicit way, intramonth extreme scenarios are introduced based on distribution quantiles of natural inflow of reservoirs and VRE generation, and the probabilistic intramonth imbalance risk constraints can be transformed as the hydrogeneration must supplement energy deficit of VRE generation during the extreme scenarios. A case study is conducted on a Wind‐PV‐Hydro energy base of southwestern China. The proposed method is found able to improve the feasibility and reliability of LTGS compared to other LTGS methods. Moreover, the high calculation efficiency of conventional LTGS method is inherited.
Globules and pillars in Cygnus X
Authors: Schneider N. , Röllig M. , Polehampton E. T. , Comerón F. , Djupvik A. A. , Makai Z. , Buchbender C. , Simon R. , Bontemps S. , Güsten R. , White G. , Okada Y. , Parikka A. , Rothbart N.
Published: August 2021

IRAS 20319+3958 in Cygnus X South is a rare example of a free-floating globule (mass ~240M⊙, length ~1.5 pc) with an internal H IIregion created by the stellar feedback of embedded intermediate-mass stars, in particular, one Herbig Be star. In Schneider et al. 2012, (A&A, 542, L18) and Djupvik et al. 2017, (A&A, 599, A37), we proposed that the emission of the far-infrared (FIR) lines of [C II] at 158 μm and [O I] at 145 μm in the globule head are mostly due to an internal photodissociation region (PDR). Here, we present aHerschel/HIFI [C II] 158 μm map of the whole globule and a large set of other FIR lines (mid-to high-JCO lines observed withHerschel/PACS and SPIRE, the [O I] 63 μm line and the12CO 16→15 line observed with upGREAT on SOFIA), covering the globule head and partly a position in the tail. The [C II] map revealed that the whole globule is probably rotating. Highly collimated, high-velocity [C II] emission is detected close to the Herbig Be star. We performed a PDR analysis using the KOSMA-τPDR code for one position in the head and one in the tail. The observed FIR lines in the head can be reproduced with a two-component model: an extended, non-clumpy outer PDR shell and a clumpy, dense, and thin inner PDR layer, representing the interface between the H IIregion cavity and the external PDR. The modelled internal UV field of ~2500G°is similar to what we obtained from theHerschelFIR fluxes, but lower than what we estimated from the census of the embedded stars. External illumination from the ~30 pc distant Cyg OB2 cluster, producing an UV field of ~150–600G°as an upper limit, is responsible for most of the [C II] emission. For the tail, we modelled the emission with a non-clumpy component, exposed to a UV-field of around 140G°.
Geometry of radio pulsar signals: The origin of pulsation modes and nulling
Authors: Dyks J.
Published: August 2021

Radio pulsars exhibit an enormous diversity of single pulse behaviour that involves sudden changes in pulsation mode and nulling occurring on timescales of tens or hundreds of spin periods. The pulsations appear both chaotic and quasi-regular, which has hampered their interpretation for decades. Here I show that the pseudo-chaotic complexity of single pulses is caused by the viewing of a relatively simple radio beam that has a sector structure traceable to the magnetospheric charge distribution. The slow E × B drift of the sector beam, when sampled by the line of sight, produces the classical drift-period-folded patterns known from observations. The drifting azimuthal zones of the beam produce the changes in pulsation modes and both the intermodal and sporadic nulling at timescales of beating between the drift and the star spin. The axially symmetric conal beams are thus a superficial geometric illusion, and the standard carousel model of pulsar radio beams does not apply. The beam suggests a particle flow structure that involves inward motions with possible inward emission.
Focal cartilage defects of the lateral compartment do influence the outcome after high tibial valgus osteotomy
Authors: Heinz Tizian , Reppenhagen Stephan , Wagenbrenner Mike , Horas Konstantin , Ohlmeier Malte , Schäfer Thomas , Rudert Maximilian , Barthel Thomas , Weißenberger Manuel
Published: August 2021

Introduction: High tibial medial open-wedge valgus osteotomy (HTO) is a well-established procedure for unicompartimental medial osteoarthritis of the young and active patient. However, the influence of cartilage defects of the lateral compartment on the total outcome remains obscure.Methods: From 2005 to 2012, a total of 63 patients underwent HTO for medial osteoarthritis of the knee at a single university orthopaedic center. Baseline data as well as intraoperative findings, including the grade and location of cartilage lesions, were evaluated retrospectively. Two groups were formed regarding the integrity of the lateral tibiofemoral compartment as measured by the Outerbridge score (group A: no lateral cartilage defects, group B: mild to moderate lateral cartilage defects). Functional outcome was assessed using the Knee and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), including its five subscores.Results: Comparing pre- and postoperative data, we identified an overall benefit of the HTO procedure as measured by the KOOS. Group A (no lateral cartilage defects) showed an increase in all five KOOS subscores (p = 0.00–0.01), whereas for group B (mild to moderate lateral cartilage defects), only two KOOS subscores revealed a significant increase (p = 0.03–0.04). There was also a statistically significant difference in the total KOOS score with higher values for group A at the postoperative visit. Cartilage defects with a higher Outerbridge score were associated with lower postoperative KOOS subscores.Discussion: Mild to moderate cartilage defects of the lateral compartment humble the total outcome after HTO procedure. Thus, indication for HTO should be made very carefully if any degree of lateral cartilage degeneration is present.
Does Age Affect the Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Coronary Bypass Grafting?
Authors: Anand Pavan Ashwini , Keshavamurthy Suresh , Shelley Ellis M. , Saha Sibu
Published: August 2021

The etiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial, stemming from both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors such as age. Several studies have reported the effects of age on various outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This article reviews age-related outcomes of CABG and offers direction for further studies in the field to create comprehensive, evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of CAD. Ninety-two primary sources were analyzed for relevance to the subject matter, of which 17 were selected for further analysis: 14 retrospective cohort studies, 2 randomized clinical trials, and 1 meta-analysis. Our review revealed four broad age ranges into which patients can be grouped: those with CAD (1) below the age of 40 years, (2) between the ages of 40 and 60 years, (3) between the ages of 60 and 80 years, and (4) at or above 80 years. Patients below the age of 40 years fare best overall with total arterial revascularization (TAR). Patients between the ages of 40 and 60 years also fare well with the use of multiarterial grafts (MAGs) whereas either MAGs or single-arterial grafts may be of significant benefit to patients at or above the age of 60 years, with younger and diabetic patients benefitting the most. Arterial grafting is superior to vein grafting until the age of 80 years, at which point there is promising evidence supporting the continued use of the saphenous vein as the favored graft substrate. Age is a factor affecting the outcomes of CABG but should not serve as a barrier to offering patients CABG at any age from either a cost or a health perspective. Operative intervention starts to show significant mortality consequences at the age of 80 years, but the increased risk is countered by maintenance or improvement to patients' quality of life.