bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐62: Adaptive Pixel‐Based Local Color Uniformity Compensation for AMOLED Displays
Authors: Tsung Wan-Nung , Yang Jun-Yu , Su Shang-Yu , Pai Feng-Ting , Lin Ching-Chun
Published: June 2022

The uniformity of color is an important specification for evaluating the quality of commercial displays. The nonuniform phenomenon of AMOLED is complex comparing to conventional displays, e.g. LCD, and is more easily to be observed under high brightness mode and large size displays. In this paper, an effective compensation algorithm is proposed to enhance the color uniformity of displays in a variety of situations including different gray level, brightness, and IR drop effects. With applying the localized adaptive compensation table on input data, displays which seem to be nonuniform at first can be calibrated correctly. The compensation table mentioned in this paper is generated by capturing optical information of displays under certain patterns and operating conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that the color uniformity of displays have significant improvement with the proposed method.
P‐70: Student Poster: Force Variation During Tactile Exploration Provides Crucial Information in Virtual Tactile Experience
Authors: Qi Dexing , Chen Youru , Li Yanzhao
Published: June 2022

Haptic is one of the most important and extensive ways for human to recognize physical world, by which we can perceive the shape, surface texture and vibration information of the things. With the development of Internet of Things technology, screen has become one of the most important windows for us to obtain information and interact with the outside word. Display integrated haptic feedback technology has become one of the main directions for future development. BOE�s virtual tactile technique makes people feel virtual edge on display, which is the state‐of‐the‐art. The reason why people can feel the texture of the surface when finger slide over surface of things is that the rapid variation of friction and contact force between the finger and surface. In this paper, a dynamic model of finger slide over the edge of object is constructed and the dynamic response, including the variation of contact area, contact and friction force between finger and object surface, of finger sliding over the object edge is investigated by numerical simulation. Finally, the numerical results is encoded into voltage signal and the haptic feedback of virtual edge is reproduced experimentally. The result shows that the friction and contact force provide crucial information to enhance virtual tactile experience and the dynamic model constructed in this paper can simulate the sensation of virtual edge, which can provide support for further research on tactile feedback of texture.
P‐82: Prediction Methodology for the Optical Properties of QDs with Arbitrary 3D Shape
Authors: Cho Hyung Uk , Kim Bowoon , Cho Jintaek , James Richard , Kim Tae-Gon , Jun Shinae , Baek Seungin , Kim Yongjo , Lee Changhee
Published: June 2022

Recently, researchers have strived to enhance the optical characteristics of Quantum Dots (QDs) by carefully tailoring the QD material composition, shape and size. In this endeavor, simulation proves an invaluable tool to assess and optimize the QD structure. In this paper, the optical properties of QD structures are explored, taking into account the complex band structure of the QD and its geometric structure, as well as the probability of quantum state transitions. In order to perform this analysis the In‐house Simulator (DaVinci_QD), based on 3D FEM, was developed and applied. We demonstrate that the DaVinci_QD simulator exhibits good agreement with experiment, providing confidence that the tool be applied to predict optical characteristics with accuracy. The simulator is applied to state‐of�the‐art QDs that are currently under development, offering additional insight to aid in the analysis of optical measurements and revealing paths to further performance enhancement. In this way, simulation can replace experiment and QD structures can be optimized rapidly.
P‐83: Oxygen Ratio's Effect on the Photoluminescence Property of Zinc‐Oxide Thin‐Film Phosphor
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Htet Su Wai , Ueda Tetsuya
Published: June 2022

ZnO thin films phosphor was fabricated using reducing annealing of deposited thin films. The effect of oxygen ratios on the structural and optical properties of ZnO films as well as nanostructures were investigated. The crystallinity of ZnO nanostructures was significantly improved depending on the oxygen ratios increasing during the radio frequency magnetron sputtering process. The photoluminescence property was enhanced with increasing the density of ZnO nanostructures which obtained from high oxygen ratio deposited thin film.
P‐92: Effects of Self‐Absorption and Photon Recycling in Metal‐Halide Perovskite LEDs Assessed by Full Opto‐Electronic Device Simulation
Authors: Aeberhard Urs , Zeder Simon , Blülle Balthasar , Ruhstaller Beat
Published: June 2022

The effects of photon self‐absorption and recycling on the efficiency of light generation and out‐coupling in perovskite light emitting diodes are assessed using a novel detailed‐balance compatible dipole emission model coupled to a full‐fledged drift‐diffusion simulation of charge transport in complex device stacks. This enables an in‐depth analysis of the impact on device performance of both, the optical modes and the electrical stack configuration.
P‐95: Comparative Effectiveness Study on Foldable Display Module Application of Thin Metal Sheet
Authors: Park JungKyu , Kim MinKyung , Lee SangJun , Kim TaeWoo , Nam JiGeun , Han SeungJun
Published: June 2022

A patterned metal plate fabricated by etching process is generally employed on the bottom of a foldable display to meet mechanical properties such as rigidity and foldability. Although polyimide film has been largely applied on the top of the patterned metal plate, there have been several limitations in terms of crease and pattern protrusion as well as pattern borderline perception, impact resistance, and finger touch heterogeneity. The purpose of this study is to substitute polyimide film with a thin metal plate and assess comparative effectiveness. The result shows that it is effective in reducing crease and pattern protrusion in particular.
P‐97: Activegrid Advanced Materials Enabling Next‐Generation Designs
Authors: Chen X.
Published: June 2022

C3Nano has developed the highest performing (solution coated) flexible conductor (Activegrid™); Activegrid™, a patented technology, employs “Nanoglue™” a proprietary chemical sintering agent that fuses nanowires (NWs) into a nanoscale metallic grid upon coating and drying. The fusing is achieved by the selective nucleation of the conductive Nanoglue™ at the junctions between NWs. Due to their concavity and nanoscale roughness, junctions promote the deposition the Nanoglue™. Nucleation at the junctions are both kinetically and thermodynamically favorable. The junctions lower the overall barrier to nucleation (kinetics) and deposition leads to a reduced overall free energy (thermodynamics). The ability to deliver the minimal amount of metal (due to fusing at the high resistance junctions) and still achieve low resistances engenders ultra‐low haze transparent conductors which are being integrated into a variety of touch sensors and displays. The nanoscale nature of the Activegrid™ material allows for outstanding flexibility and robustness. Novel other technologies being developed at C3Nano including manipulating the color of transparent conductors will also be described.
P‐138: High Torque Hinge for Large Size Foldable Device
Authors: Lee Seoung Jun , Park Hyun Min , Hwang Insun
Published: June 2022

In order to expand the mobile foldable technology to large size IT device, we have developed a folding hinge having high torque value. It has stress‐free folding characteristics by virtual axis structure and compact dimension by the parallel arrangement of a folding part and a torque part. Therefore, we can make a large size foldable device which is slim and narrow bezel. It has the torque value of 14 kgf·cm on device and free‐stop function. By the enlargement of friction area by the change of CAM concept and the structural optimization we can reduce abrasion of hinge CAM surface, and the torque reduction by 70k folding lifetime test is less than 20% of its initial value. It is very important progress in the foldable technology.
P‐108: Study of Trace Mura in ADS LCD
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , LEE Yun Bok , Wang Chun , Wang Hui , Wang Sheng , Lee SeungKyu
Published: June 2022

When the picture of L255 is pressed or slid, the cell gap is changed and the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules(LC) is disordered, resulting in the decrease of the brightness of the corresponding position, which cannot be recovered within the specified time (≤5s), it is called trace Mura. In this paper, the principle of trace Mura is introduced in detail, and a new simulation model is proposed. Using TechWiz software, the risk of trace Mura can be accurately simulated and quantified, and the simulation results are consistent with the actual phenomena. It is confirmed that the square angle of LC at the end of the electrode is changed suddenly (i.e. the opposite direction of the normal deflection direction of LC), and the mutation angle is −20°, which prone to trace Mura. In addition, four groups of influence factors (total 12 splits) are proposed for physical and simulation verification, and the optimized design scheme of pixel electrode is obtained. The following conclusions are obtained: the inner corner is cancelled, the length of the outer corner is ≥ 3um, and the angle of the outer corner on the right side (which has been referred to in Figure 4, and other pixel directions can be adjusted accordingly) is ≥ 45°, and the turning direction of the left side is in the same direction as the slit or at an acute angle with the slit direction; This scheme can reduce the dark area of the opening area and maximize the transmittance without risk of trace Mura.
P‐116: Student Poster: Transparent Displays Using Vertically Aligned Polyimide‐Free Liquid Crystal‐Polymer Composite
Authors: Lee DaYeon , Kang Minji , Kim Eunji , Lim Young Jin , Kim MinSu , Lee Seung Hee
Published: June 2022

In this work, we propose a normally transparent polymer‐networked liquid crystal (PNLC) mode to use as a transparent display with energy saving, high contrast ratio, easy manufacturing process (Polyimide‐free). In this system, we adopt a homeotropic alignment material (HAM), which serves as both vertical alignment inducer and photopolymerizable reactive mesogen (RM). With no polarizers, the ground state shows clear transparency, and applying voltage induces an opaque scattering state successfully. By using double‐sided UV irradiation strategy, we can minimize hysteresis on voltage‐dependent transmittance. we believe the proposed concept will open a way to reach a novel transparent display with high transparency.
P‐117: AI Analysis of HOP Circuit Failure and Improvement
Authors: Park Kyongtea , Lee Jaebok , Lee Keunsoo
Published: June 2022

AMOLED's HOP(hybrid of Oxide semiconductor and Polysilicon TFT) technology was born to meet the market's demand for low power consumption. Also, the IGZO oxide process was introduced with new driving technology to support the low driving frequency operation. However, this new GC circuit of oxide TFT driving caused new and randomly appearing horizontal defects which do not exist in LTPS circuits. To solve this issue, we studied to find the design parameters using pipelined deep learning models composed of CGAN(Conditional Generative Adversarial Network), VGM(Variational Gaussian Mixture), and XAI(eXplainable Artificial intelligence) technologies to figure out what causes these defects. We collected HOP panel design information to achieve the given goal and confirmed the degree of defect per HOP model. Since the number of HOP models is limited, XAI analysis might also be negligible. We solve this issue by generating data using CGAN and VGM in sequence. After, ALE(Accumulated Local Effects), a popular XAI technique, is applied to find affected design parameters and change‐related circuit designs to help verify the proposed algorithm's performance. As a result of this design change, we identified that the related defect rate decreases from 15000ppm to less than 500 ppm, in which XAI plays a significant role in solving a newly introduced defect issue. That was believed for a long time a challenging problem to analyze using the legacy SPICE tool in the OLED circuit field. Our result also suggests that even predicting the defect rate of future HOP models becomes feasible with our proposed deep learning architecture.
P‐120: The Solution for Imbalanced Image Data of Mass Production
Authors: JUNG SUKBIN
Published: June 2022

AMOLED is the core technology in display industry which is made through the glass substrate process. As the AMOLED's resolution becomes higher, the glass becomes thinner, and the inspection system for securing the glass process reliability becomes an issue in the manufacturing process. Currently, the inspection is conducted manually on random samples, thus it is impossible to inspect all the defects. For full inspection, therefore, there is a need for a high‐performance AI model which has been trained by a balanced training set. However, imbalanced data has been raised as a big issue in the mass production field. In this study, the solution for the imbalanced image data training model has been developed to automatically classify and determine the crack defects, thereby enhancing the detection consistency of the defects. This paper applies redesigned DeepSMOTE [1] based on deep learning for an inspection system Glass‐Edge‐Crack‐Detection (GECD) process. This enhanced DeepSMOTE is capable of generating high‐quality, artificial images that can enhance minority classes and balance the training set. The effect of this technology is to solve the imbalanced data and improve the performance of the GECD based on deep learning. Through this paper, the imbalanced image data is solved and the foundation of the solution for imbalanced image data technology applicable to mass production is established. In the test, finally we got the results that ‘zero leakage' (0/411) and ‘NG recall 100%' performance of the model. We propose the enhanced DeepSMOTE in the OLED mass production
3‐2: Analyzing the Degradation Process of Quantum‐Dot LEDs (QLEDs) by Mass Spectometry
Authors: Mo Hin-Wai , Shirakura Daichi , Harada Kentaro , Ishibashi Kiyoshi , Shibamori Takahiro , Miyamoto Takashi , Adachi Chihaya
Published: June 2022

By utilizing time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF SIMS), the degradation processes of quantum dot core components and the surface ligands were studied. Intentionally degraded QLED samples were prepared, and the TOF SIMS mass composition signals of each layer within the QLEDs are estimated. The result of the analysis gives possible structural information of the degraded species induced in the device, providing useful insights for further developments of highly efficient R/G/B quantum dot materials.
Enhancing decision knowledge by developing a quantitative framework for holistic exploratory acquisition policy analysis
Authors: Kwon Kybeom , Kim Heungseob , Min Seungin , Kim Cheonyoung , Jee Cheolkyu , Seol Hyeonju
Published: June 2022

An acquisition policy's diverse stakeholders may have heterogeneous needs. Furthermore, stakeholders may be unsure of their preferences due to a highly qualitative analysis of alternatives in the early stages of the acquisition policy development process. Lacking system knowledge and evidence, stakeholders may push back policy priorities or delay decisions. In such cases, it is necessary to increase stakeholders’ knowledge about the acquisition policy options’ impacts. This study proposes a systematic and quantitative framework development process and outlines a holistic exploratory policy analysis. Stakeholders’ needs are systematically identified and measurement areas and elements are derived from those needs. Evaluation methods are then created through a sensible quantification process to measure the impact of introducing each alternative. The framework provides information on the effects of various policy options, an analysis of each alternative's most crucial policy option, and other valuable analysis results. Finally, we present a case study to illustrate the development process and application of the framework when introducing a new military training system such as Live, Virtual, and Constructive synthetic training systems.
Research and Use of Nuclear Energy—Its Ambivalence(s) in Historical Context
Authors: Kant Horst
Published: June 2022

The discovery of a scientific fact is initially not ambivalent; only in its possibilities of use does its ambivalence become apparent. But the socially evaluated positive uses and negative misuses of scientific knowledge cannot be clearly distinguished, and both can also appear ambivalent in turn. In this sense, consequently, scientists already bear responsibility for their discoveries. Moreover, in the case of experimental research, the question must be asked, to what extent its realization already interferes with what is happening and thus acquires an ambivalent character (which, however, must be distinguished from the ambivalence of its use). With those issues in mind, the article discusses the questions raised by the discovery and early use of nuclear energy.
The Sustainable Development Goals as Epistemic Infrastructures
Authors: Bandola-Gill Justyna , Grek Sotiria , Tichenor Marlee
Published: June 2022

Over the last three decades, quantification has emerged as the predominant governing logic in global public policy. In this introductory chapter, we explore how this paradigm has evolved from one of governing by numbers to governing numbers in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This chapter presents an overview of the emergence of sustainability politics and contextualises it in the broader literature on quantification and global public policy. Drawing on these debates, we propose a new theoretical lens, conceptualising the SDGs as epistemic infrastructures connecting data and numbers, networks and new governing paradigms. As such, this chapter approaches quantification not merely as a tool for governing but rather as a broader epistemic system through which sustainable development problems become knowable and actionable.
SDGs and the Politics of Reconciling the Dual Logic of Democracy and Technocracy
Authors: Bandola-Gill Justyna , Grek Sotiria , Tichenor Marlee
Published: June 2022

The SDGs and their ambition of ‘leaving no one behind’ are grounded on the ideals of country-led monitoring (and reforms). As such, the notion of ‘democratisation’ of the production of data and indicators is central to achieving both the legitimacy of the process and the effectiveness of the policy reforms aimed at the specific goals. This chapter explores the ways in which International Organisations mediate this process of securing ‘buy-in’ from countries whilst maintaining the robustness of the monitoring exercise. In particular, this chapter explores the role of IOs in terms of the practices (meetings, advisory activities) and epistemic qualities (flexibility and mobility of produced knowledge, the adaptation of the global standards to the local context) of quantification. Thus, this chapter offers a theorisation of quantification processes of the SDGs through the lens of participatory practices and democratisation of knowledge.
SDGs and the Rise of an Epistemic Infrastructure: Actors’ Networks, Partnerships and Conflicts in the Education SDG
Authors: Bandola-Gill Justyna , Grek Sotiria , Tichenor Marlee
Published: June 2022

One of the key goals of the SDG agenda is increasing the collaboration between global institutions. This chapter explores the emerging interdependence between IOs by exploring the networks of actors working towards operationalising and governing the SDGs. Focusing on the production of the education indicator (SDG4), this chapter explores the roles of organisations and individual actors within them in creating the connections, shaping numbers and outlining the directions of the new education/sustainability agenda.
MLatom 2: An Integrative Platform for Atomistic Machine Learning
Authors: Dral Pavlo O , Ge Fuchun , Xue Bao Xin , Hou Yi-Fan , Pinheiro Max , Huang Jianxing , Barbatti Mario
Published: June 2022

Atomistic machine learning (AML) simulations are used in chemistry at an everincreasing pace. A large number of AML models has been developed, but their implementations are scattered among different packages, each with its own conventions for input and output. Thus, here we give an overview of our MLatom 2 software package, which provides an integrative platform for a wide variety of AML simulations by implementing from scratch and interfacing existing software for a range of state-of-the-art models. These include kernel method-based model types such as KREG (native implementation), sGDML, and GAP-SOAP as well as neuralnetwork- based model types such as ANI, DeepPot-SE, and PhysNet. The theoretical foundations behind these methods are overviewed too. The modular structure of MLatom allows for easy extension to more AML model types. MLatom 2 also has many other capabilities useful for AML simulations, such as the support of custom descriptors, farthest-point and structure-based sampling, hyperparameter optimization, model evaluation, and automatic learning curve generation. It can also be used for such multi-step tasks as Δ-learning, self-correction approaches, and absorption spectrum simulation within the machine-learning nuclear-ensemble approach. Several of these MLatom 2 capabilities are showcased in application examples.
Genetic architecture and QTL selection response for Kernza perennial grain domestication traits
Authors: Crain Jared , Larson Steve , Dorn Kevin , DeHaan Lee , Poland Jesse
Published: June 2022

Key message

Analysis of multi-year breeding program data revealed that the genetic architecture of an intermediate wheatgrass population was highly polygenic for both domestication and agronomic traits, supporting the use of genomic selection for new crop domestication.

Perennial grains have the potential to provide food for humans and decrease the negative impacts of annual agriculture. Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG, Thinopyrum intermedium, Kernza®) is a promising perennial grain candidate that The Land Institute has been breeding since 2003. We evaluated four consecutive breeding cycles of IWG from 2016 to 2020 with each cycle containing approximately 1100 unique genets. Using genotyping-by-sequencing markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for 34 different traits using genome-wide association analysis. Combining data across cycles and years, we found 93 marker-trait associations for 16 different traits, with each association explaining 0.8–5.2% of the observed phenotypic variance. Across the four cycles, only three QTL showed an FST differentiation > 0.15 with two corresponding to a decrease in floret shattering. Additionally, one marker associated with brittle rachis was 216 bp from an ortholog of the btr2 gene. Power analysis and quantitative genetic theory were used to estimate the effective number of QTL, which ranged from a minimum of 33 up to 558 QTL for individual traits. This study suggests that key agronomic and domestication traits are under polygenic control and that molecular methods like genomic selection are needed to accelerate domestication and improvement of this new crop.
Data-driven models for crashworthiness optimisation: intrusive and non-intrusive model order reduction techniques
Authors: Czech Catharina , Lesjak Mathias , Bach Christopher , Duddeck Fabian
Published: June 2022

To enable multi-query analyses, such as optimisations of large-scale crashworthiness problems, a numerically efficient model is crucial for the development process. Therefore, data-driven Model Order Reduction (MOR) aims at generating low-fidelity models that approximate the solution while strongly reducing the computational cost. MOR methods for crashworthiness became only available in recent years; a detailed and comparative assessment of their potential is still lacking. Hence, this work evaluates the advantages and drawbacks of intrusive and non-intrusive projection based MOR methods in the framework of non-linear structural transient analysis. Both schemes rely on the collection of full-order training simulations and a subsequent subspace construction via Singular Value Decomposition. The intrusive MOR is based on a Galerkin projection and a consecutive hyper-reduction step. In this work, its inter-and extrapolation abilities are compared to the non-intrusive technique, which combines the subspace approach with machine learning methods. Moreover, an optimisation analysis incorporating the MOR methods is proposed and discussed for a crashworthiness example.
Robust RFID tag design for reliable communication within the Internet of Things
Authors: Tribe James , Hayward Steven , van Lopik Katherine , Whittow William G. , West Andrew A.
Published: June 2022

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a cost-effective method to support the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and is an enabling technology for Industry 5.0. The use of RFID is particularly suited to IIoT as it does not require a line of sight for communication and can be retroactively affixed to non-smart items. However, RFID communication is affected by the properties of the material the tag is affixed to, specifically the material permittivity. Metal is commonly present in smart factory environments and supply chains and impedes RFID communication. A suitable tag design is required to accommodate these challenges and ensure resilience for Industry 5.0 applications. The research presented in this paper has assessed the communication performance of RFID antenna designs with and without metal present beneath the tag. The RFID tag designs that performed reliably in the simulation were manufactured, and their read range was tested on materials of varying relative permittivity and thickness to represent MP and NMP scenarios. The results have verified the robustness of “Cyber” to “Physical” designs and provide recommendations to support practitioner IIoT tag selection.
Inhibitory framing in hypersexual patients with Parkinson’s disease. An fMRI pilot study
Authors: Theis Hendrik , Probst Catharina , Campabadal Anna , Goerlich Katharina S. , Granert Oliver , Wolff Stephan , Witt Karsten , Deuschl Günther , van Eimeren Thilo
Published: June 2022

Hypersexuality in medicated patients with PD is caused by an increased influence of motivational drive areas and a decreased influence of inhibitory control areas due to dopaminergic medication. In this pilot study, we test a newly developed paradigm investigating the influence of dopaminergic medication on brain activation elicited by sexual pictures with and without inhibitory contextual framing. Twenty PD patients with and without hypersexuality were examined with fMRI either OFF or ON standardized dopaminergic medication. The paradigm consisted of a priming phase where either a neutral context or an inhibitory context was presented. This priming phase was either followed by a sexual or a neutral target. Sexual, compared to neutral pictures resulted in a BOLD activation of various brain regions implicated in sexual processing. Hypersexual PD patients showed increased activity compared to PD controls in these regions. There was no relevant effect of medication between the two groups. The inhibitory context elicited less activation in inhibition-related areas in hypersexual PD, but had no influence on the perception of sexual cues. The paradigm partially worked: reactivity of motivational brain areas to sexual cues was increased in hypersexual PD and inhibitory contextual framing lead to decreased activation of inhibitory control areas in PD. We could not find a medication effect and the length of the inhibitory stimulus was not optimal to suppress reactivity to sexual cues. Our data provide new insights into the mechanisms of hypersexuality and warrant a replication with a greater cohort and an optimized stimulus length in the future.
Interobserver agreement between eight observers using IOTA simple rules and O-RADS lexicon descriptors for adnexal masses
Authors: Antil Neha , Raghu Preethi R. , Shen Luyao , Tiyarattanachai Thodsawit , Chang Edwina M. , Ferguson Craig W. K. , Ho Amanzo A. , Lutz Amelie M. , Mariano Aladin J. , Morimoto L. Nayeli , Kamaya Aya
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To evaluate interobserver agreement in assigning imaging features and classifying adnexal masses using the IOTA simple rules versus O-RADS lexicon and identify causes of discrepancy.

Methods

Pelvic ultrasound (US) examinations in 114 women with 118 adnexal masses were evaluated by eight radiologists blinded to the final diagnosis (4 attendings and 4 fellows) using IOTA simple rules and O-RADS lexicon. Each feature category was analyzed for interobserver agreement using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for ordinal variables and free marginal kappa for nominal variables. The two-tailed significance level (a) was set at 0.05.

Results

For IOTA simple rules, interobserver agreement was almost perfect for three malignant lesion categories (M2-4) and substantial for the remaining two (M1, M5) with k-values of 0.80–0.82 and 0.68–0.69, respectively. Interobserver agreement was almost perfect for two benign feature categories (B2, B3), substantial for two (B4, B5) and moderate for one (B1) with k-values of 0.81–0.90, 0.69–0.70 and 0.60, respectively. For O-RADS, interobserver agreement was almost perfect for two out of ten feature categories (ascites and peritoneal nodules) with k-values of 0.89 and 0.97. Interobserver agreement ranged from fair to substantial for the remaining eight feature categories with k-values of 0.39–0.61. Fellows and attendings had ICC values of 0.725 and 0.517, respectively.

Conclusion

O-RADS had variable interobserver agreement with overall good agreement. IOTA simple rules had more uniform interobserver agreement with overall excellent agreement. Greater reader experience did not improve interobserver agreement with O-RADS.

Graphical abstract
The Use of the FACE-Q Aesthetic: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ottenhof Maarten J. , Veldhuizen Inge J. , Hensbergen Lusanne J. v. , Blankensteijn Louise L. , Bramer Wichor , Lei Berend vd , Hoogbergen Maarten M. , Hulst René R. W. J. , Sidey-Gibbons Chris J.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

In the past decade there has been an increasing interest in the field of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) which are now commonly used alongside traditional outcome measures, such as morbidity and mortality. Since the FACE-Q Aesthetic development in 2010, it has been widely used in clinical practice and research, measuring the quality of life and patient satisfaction. It quantifies the impact and change across different aspects of cosmetic facial surgery and minimally invasive treatments.

We review how researchers have utilized the FACE-Q Aesthetic module to date, and aim to understand better whether and how it has enhanced our understanding and practice of aesthetic facial procedures.

Methods

We performed a systematic search of the literature. Publications that used the FACE-Q Aesthetic module to evaluate patient outcomes were included. Publications about the development of PROMs or modifications of the FACE-Q Aesthetic, translation or validation studies of the FACE-Q Aesthetic scales, papers not published in English, reviews, comments/discussions, or letters to the editor were excluded.

Results

Our search produced 1189 different articles; 70 remained after applying in- and exclusion criteria. Significant findings and associations were further explored. The need for evidence-based patient-reported outcome caused a growing uptake of the FACE-Q Aesthetic in cosmetic surgery and dermatology an increasing amount of evidence concerning facelift surgery, botulinum toxin, rhinoplasty, soft tissue fillers, scar treatments, and experimental areas.

Discussion

The FACE-Q Aesthetic has been used to contribute substantial evidence about the outcome from the patient perspective in cosmetic facial surgery and minimally invasive treatments. The FACE-Q Aesthetic holds great potential to improve quality of care and may fundamentally change the way we measure success in plastic surgery and dermatology.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Live shopping promotions: which categories should a retailer discount to shoppers already in the store?
Authors: Wamsler Julia , Vuckovac Denis , Natter Martin , Ilic Alexander
Published: June 2022

Digitalization allows retailers to target customers with personalized promotions when they enter the store. Although traditional promotional retailer objectives, such as store visit, become obsolete once the shopper is already in the store, retailers still tend to target customers based on indicators that drive store visit, such as recency, frequency, and monetary value (RFM). In order to improve promotional efficiency, the authors propose targeting shoppers based on information derived from regularity patterns in individual interpurchase times at the point of sale. When compared to RFM-based targeting, the proposed live targeting approach translates into higher redemption rates (+ 10.5 percentage points), revenues (+ 42.3 percentage points), and purchase frequencies (+ 44.2 percentage points). The findings emphasize the importance of promotional timing and of considering customers’ outside potential for dynamic in-store targeting.
Comparison of the mid-term outcomes of banded and non-banded sleeve gastrectomy: safety, food tolerance, and weight regain
Authors: Hany Mohamed , Sabry Ahmed , Torensma Bart , Ahmed Khaled , Refaie Mostafa , Zidan Ahmed , Agayby Ann Samy Shafiq , Ibrahim Mohamed , Mourad Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Background

Long-term weight regain (WR) after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a major challenge. Laparoscopic banded SG (BSG) was introduced to overcome pouch dilation and, consequently, WR; however, its mid-and long-term outcomes have not been sufficiently demonstrated.

Objective

This study retrospectively evaluated the mid-term weight loss efficacy and morbidity over at least a 4-year follow-up after laparoscopic banded SG using a MiniMizer Gastric Ring® and laparoscopic non-banded SG.

Method

The data of 1586 bariatric surgeries were retrospectively evaluated. To ensure homogeneity in our study cohort, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed.

Results

The final cohort comprised 1392 patients: the non-banded SG (n = 1260) and BSG (n = 132) groups. In our matched cohort (SG, n = 655 and BSG, n = 132), WR was noted in 4 (3.0%) and 71 (10.8%) patients in the BSG and SG groups, respectively. Gastric band erosion or slippage was not noted in the BSG cohort. The levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were similar in the two groups. Postoperative glycemic control was significantly reduced in the BSG group.

Conclusion

Although the percentage of weight loss achieved in the BSG group was low in the first year postoperatively, the mid-term (sustained) weight loss associated with BSG was superior to that associated with non-banded SG. BSG is a safe procedure with no significant mid-term band-related morbidity; its impact on the resolution of comorbidities is equivalent and perhaps superior to SG.
A convergence analysis of the price of anarchy in atomic congestion games
Authors: Wu Zijun , Möhring Rolf H. , Ren Chunying , Xu Dachuan
Published: June 2022

We analyze the convergence of the price of anarchy (PoA) of Nash equilibria in atomic congestion games with growing total demand T.
When the cost functions are polynomials of the same degree, we obtain explicit rates for a rapid convergence of the PoAs of pure and mixed Nash equilibria to 1 in terms of 1/T and $$d_{max}/T$$

d

max

/
T

, where $$d_{max}$$

d

max

is the maximum demand controlled by an individual. Similar convergence results carry over to the random inefficiency of the random flow induced by an arbitrary mixed Nash equilibrium. For arbitrary polynomial cost functions, we derive a related convergence rate for the PoA of pure Nash equilibria (if they exist) when the demands fulfill certain regularity conditions and $$d_{max}$$

d

max

is bounded as $$T\rightarrow \infty .$$

T
→
∞
.

In this general case, also the PoA of mixed Nash equilibria converges to 1 as $$T\rightarrow \infty $$

T
→
∞

when $$d_{max}$$

d

max

is bounded. Our results constitute the first convergence analysis for the PoA in atomic congestion games and show that selfish behavior is well justified when the total demand is large.
Risk of fractures in individuals with eosinophilic esophagitis: nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Garber John J. , Roelstraete Bjorn , Lochhead Paul J. , Uchida Amiko M. , Michaëlsson Karl , Olén Ola , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: June 2022

Background and aims

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging, chronic immune-mediated disease for which swallowed topical steroids and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) represent first-line treatments. Immune-mediated diseases, steroids, and PPI use have been linked to osteoporosis. We assessed the risk of fractures in patients with EoE and determined whether the most commonly used treatments for EoE were associated with increased fracture risk.

Methods

We followed a nationwide cohort of 1263 individuals in Sweden with biopsy-verified EoE diagnosed between 2005 and 2016 for first-time fracture of any type. Age- and sex-matched reference individuals were retrieved from the Total Population Register (n = 5164). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for fracture in relation to EoE diagnosis, steroid exposure, and PPI use. In a separate analysis, we compared fracture risk among individuals with EoE to their siblings (n = 1394).

Results

During 4521 person-years of follow-up, 69 individuals with EoE experienced a first-time fracture (15.3/1000 person-years) compared with 234 reference individuals (12.6/1000 person-years). After adjusting for age, sex, birth year, and county of residence, EoE was not associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of fractures (HR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.9–1.6). Among EoE individuals, exposure to PPIs and swallowed steroids did not modify the risk of fracture (p for heterogeneity 0.20 and 0.07 respectively). There was no increased risk of fractures in EoE compared to EoE-free siblings.

Conclusion

The risk of fracture in EoE was not statistically significantly elevated compared to non-EoE reference individuals. Fracture risk in EoE was not modified by PPIs or steroid use.
Enhanced activity of hyperthermostable Pyrococcus horikoshii endoglucanase in superbase ionic liquids
Authors: Hebal Hakim , Hämäläinen Joonas , Makkonen Laura , King Alistair W. T. , Kilpeläinen Ilkka , Bankar Sandip , Boucherba Nawel , Turunen Ossi
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Ionic liquids (ILs) that dissolve biomass are harmful to the enzymes that degrade lignocellulose. Enzyme hyperthermostability promotes a tolerance to ILs. Therefore, the limits of hyperthemophilic Pyrococcus horikoschii endoglucanase (PhEG) to tolerate 11 superbase ILs were explored.

Results

PhEG was found to be most tolerant to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]OAc) in soluble 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and insoluble 1% Avicel substrates. At 35% concentration, this IL caused an increase in enzyme activity (up to 1.5-fold) with CMC. Several ILs were more enzyme inhibiting with insoluble Avicel than with soluble CMC. Km increased greatly in the presence ILs, indicating significant competitive inhibition. Increased hydrophobicity of the IL cation or anion was associated with the strongest enzyme inhibition and activation. Surprisingly, PhEG activity was increased 2.0–2.5-fold by several ILs in 4% substrate. Cations exerted the main role in competitive inhibition of the enzyme as revealed by their greater binding energy to the active site.

Conclusions

These results reveal new ways to design a beneficial combination of ILs and enzymes for the hydrolysis of lignocellulose, and the strong potential of PhEG in industrial, high substrate concentrations in aqueous IL solutions.
Allografts: expanding the surgeon’s armamentarium
Authors: Ahmed Norus , Eras Volker , Pruß Axel , Perka Carsten , Brune Jan , Vu-Han Tu-Lan
Published: June 2022

In Germany, bone allografts are widely used and their application in clinics has increased over the years. Successful use of allografts depends on many factors such as the procurement, processing, sterilization and the surgeon’s surgical experience. Tissue banks have provided safe and sterile allografts for decades ranging from hard to soft tissue. Allografts are obtained from various tissues such as bone, tendon, amniotic membrane, meniscus and skin. An advantage of allografts is their wide applicability that has never been limited by indication restrictions thus providing a huge benefit for surgeon’s. The use of the correct allograft in different indications is extremely important. Thereby surgeons have access to various allograft forms such as mineralized, demineralized, freeze-dried, paste, powder, chips strips and putty. The vast options of allografts allow surgeon’s to use allografts in indications they deem fit. Currently, the application of allografts is at the discretion of the expert surgeon. However, regulations are often changed locally or internationally and may impact/limit allograft use to certain indications. Here, we report the different indications where our peracetic acid (PAA) sterilised bone allografts were used as well as general literature on bone allograft use in other indications.
Evaluating the potential of ozone in creating functional groups on cellulose
Authors: Valls Cristina , Cusola Oriol , Roncero M. Blanca
Published: June 2022

Several eucalyptus pulps (85% of cellulose) with different lignin and HexA content (unbleached, TCF and ECF) as well as cotton linters (97% of cellulose) were treated with ozone (at different pH and ozone doses) in order to modify its fibre-components. Special interest was given in the introduction of functional groups in carbohydrates. The presence of these groups was mainly identified by the chain scissions due to carbonyl groups (CSC=O) produced in cellulose during viscosity measurement. At a dose of 0.5% odp of ozone, the greatest amount of CSC=O (0.5) was created at acidic pH and with the ECF pulp, followed by the TCF (0.3) and by the unbleached (0.2). The same CSC=O (0.2) was obtained in cotton pulp. In this pulp, the ozone concentration had to be increased for the treatment to be effective. A further increase in the accessibility in both pulps was achieved by applying a washing stage between two ozone stages at 0.5% (0.5 + 0.5). With this treatment, the CSC=O was increased to 5.3 in the ECF, to 0.8 in the TCF and only to 0.3 in cotton. Brightness reversion and the amount of DNPH consumed were also used to verify the presence of functional groups. At 0.5 + 0.5, brightness reversion was increased from 16 to 55% in ECF, from 27 to 46% in TCF and from 7 to 31% in cotton. Therefore, it is shown that functional groups can be introduced by ozone in carbohydrates, but this effect strongly depends on the lignin, HexA and hemicellulose content.

Graphical abstract
Barriers and Facilitators to Engaging Mothers and Fathers in Family-Based Interventions: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Jukes Laura M. , Di Folco Simona , Kearney Lisa , Sawrikar Vilas
Published: June 2022

The current systematic review examined the similarities and differences between mothers’ and fathers’ reported barriers and facilitators to engaging in family-based interventions for child and adolescent behavioural problems (aged 2–17 years). Systematic searches of six electronic databases and grey literature alongside a two-way screening process identified twenty eligible qualitative studies from 2004 to 2019. A thematic meta-synthesis identified similarities in major themes of psychological, situational, knowledge/awareness, programme/intervention, co-parenting, practitioner, and beliefs/attitudes factors, alongside group experiences and stages of engagement. However, differences emerged in subthemes related to parental, treatment, and service delivery factors that included individual ideologies of parenting, parental roles, and treatment participation; the role of mothers in facilitating engagement; and individual preferences for treatment content and delivery. Overall, findings suggest that while mothers and fathers experience similar challenges to engagement, they can also experience distinct challenges which need to be addressed at the treatment outset to maximise engagement.
Image-based morphometric analysis reveals moderate to highly heritable nut shape traits in pecan
Authors: Bhattarai Gaurab , Bonhomme Vincent , Conner Patrick
Published: June 2022

Nut shape is an important trait in determining the value of a pecan (Carya illinoensis) nut crop. Nut shape influences attractiveness to consumers, nut filling, ease of mechanical cracking, and is distinctive enough that it is the primary means of cultivar identification. Narrow sense heritability (h2) of a trait is the fraction of phenotypic variance attributed to variation in genes with additive effect. Estimation of h2is key to breeding programs as it determines the method of selection and amount of genetic gain in each breeding cycle. In the present study, we estimated the heritability of pecan nut shape characters following two different approaches. First, image-based phenotypes of pecan nuts from 34 full-sib families generated from random crosses between 31 different parents were generated and analyzed for 10 different morphometric traits using the computer program Tomato Analyzer. The narrow-sense heritability for each trait was estimated using the mid-parent offspring regression method. Second, a separate set of 19 pecan genotypes were phenotyped for the same shape traits for two years and heritabilities were estimated by variance component analysis. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.41 to 0.83 for the mid-parent offspring regression method and from 0.26 to 0.78 for variance component method. Additionally, elliptical Fourier transform was performed to study the overall variation in nut shape. The first three principal components obtained from Elliptical Fourier transform explained 65.9% of the total variation in shape attributed to the nut’s roundness and angularity of proximal and distal ends. The use of the image-based high-throughput method of phenotyping and the heritability estimates obtained in this study directly benefit pecan breeding programs focusing on nut shape traits.