bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation of topologically enhanced third harmonic generation in doubly resonant nonlinear topolectrical circuits
Authors: Hu Weipeng , Ruan Banxian , Lin Wei , Liu Chao , Dai Xiaoyu , Wen Shuangchun , Xiang Yuanjiang
Published: June 2024

The ability to confine and guide wave makes topological physics a promising platform for large local field enhancement and strong scattering immunity, which enables efficient nonlinear processes. In this research, we employ a mirror-stacking approach to achieve resonance through two distinct frequency localized states (LSs) in one-dimensional topological circuits, introducing a novel method for validating topological states to facilitate harmonic enhancement. Experimental results reveal that the harmonic wave power increases significantly, by two orders of magnitude, when both the fundamental and harmonic waves are in LSs, in contrast to cases where only one wave is localized. The conversion efficiency is 15.7 times that when the fundamental wave is in a localized state and the harmonic is in a transmission mode. This method, leveraging double-resonance in topological LSs, not only advances harmonic generation in topolectrical circuits but also opens up possibilities for innovative applications in the broader field of photonic technology.
Controlling lithium cobalt oxide phase transition using molten fluoride salt for improved lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Mikami Mayumi , Saito Jo , Ochiai Teruaki , Takahashi Masahiro , Takahashi Tatsuyoshi , Momma Yohei , Kuriki Kazutaka , Wada Rihito , Yokomizo Kazune , Kobayashi Genki , Komaba Shinichi , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2024

LiCoO2 is a historic lithium-ion battery cathode that continues to be used today because of its high energy density. However, the practical capacity of LiCoO2 is limited owing to the harmful phase transition at high voltages, which prevents the realization of its theoretical capacity. Here, we treat LiCoO2 particles with a molten salt of MgF2–LiF as a reaction accelerator to facilitate the diffusion and doping of magnesium into bulk LiCoO2 and to form a stable coating layer on the particle surface. Ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the inhibition of the harmful phase transition and the emergence of a different phase as the modified LiCoO2 was charged up to 4.7 V. The modified LiCoO2 shows high electrochemical performance during high-voltage operation. This technology provides a guideline for the suppressing fundamental degradation associated with phase transition and achieving ultra-high energy density LiCoO2 cathodes.
Specific quantification of inducible HIV-1 reservoir by RT-LAMP
Authors: Hossain Tanvir , Lungu Cynthia , de Schrijver Sten , Kuali Mamokoena , Crespo Raquel , Reddy Nicole , Ngubane Ayanda , Kan Tsung Wai , Reddy Kavidha , Rao Shringar , Palstra Robert-Jan , Madlala Paradise , Ndung’u Thumbi , Mahmoudi Tokameh
Published: June 2024

Background

Strategies toward HIV-1 cure aim to clear, inactivate, reduce, or immunologically control the virus from a pool of latently infected cells such that combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can be safely interrupted. In order to assess the impact of any putative curative interventions on the size and inducibility of the latent HIV-1 reservoir, robust and scalable assays are needed to precisely quantify the frequency of infected cells containing inducible HIV-1.

Methods

We developed Specific Quantification of Inducible HIV−1 by RT-LAMP (SQuHIVLa), leveraging the high sensitivity and specificity of RT-LAMP, performed in a single reaction, to detect and quantify cells expressing tat/rev HIV-1 multiply spliced RNA (msRNA) upon activation. The LAMP primer/probe used in SQuHIVLa was designed to exclusively detect HIV-1 tat/rev msRNA and adapted for different HIV-1 subtypes.

Results

Using SQuHIVLa, we successfully quantify the inducible viral reservoir in CD4+ T cells from people living with HIV-1 subtypes B and C on cART. The assay demonstrates high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility.

Conclusions

SQuHIVLa offers a high throughput, scalable, and specific HIV-1 reservoir quantification tool that is amenable to resource-limited settings. This assay poses remarkable potential in facilitating the evaluation of potential interventional strategies toward achieving HIV-1 cure.
Compressive confocal microscopy imaging at the single-photon level with ultra-low sampling ratios
Authors: Liu Shuai , Chen Bin , Zou Wenzhen , Sha Hao , Feng Xiaochen , Han Sanyang , Li Xiu , Yao Xuri , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yongbing
Published: June 2024

Laser-scanning confocal microscopy serves as a critical instrument for microscopic research in biology. However, it suffers from low imaging speed and high phototoxicity. Here we build a novel deep compressive confocal microscope, which employs a digital micromirror device as a coding mask for single-pixel imaging and a pinhole for confocal microscopic imaging respectively. Combined with a deep learning reconstruction algorithm, our system is able to achieve high-quality confocal microscopic imaging with low phototoxicity. Our imaging experiments with fluorescent microspheres demonstrate its capability of achieving single-pixel confocal imaging with a sampling ratio of only approximately 0.03% in specific sparse scenarios. Moreover, the deep compressive confocal microscope allows single-pixel imaging at the single-photon level, thus reducing the excitation light power requirement for confocal imaging and suppressing the phototoxicity. We believe that our system has great potential for long-duration and high-speed microscopic imaging of living cells.
Probing the metalloproteome: an 8-mercaptoquinoline motif enriches minichromosome maintenance complex components as significant metalloprotein targets in live cells
Authors: McKenna Sean M. , Florea Bogdan I. , Zisterer Daniela M. , van Kasteren Sander I. , McGouran Joanna F.
Published: June 2024

A mercaptoquinoline based photo affinity probe for profiling metalloproteins was developed and applied in live cell assays, identifying several novel, therapeutically significant protein targets.
Uncertainty quantification for molecular property predictions with graph neural architecture search
Authors: Jiang Shengli , Qin Shiyi , Van Lehn Reid C. , Balaprakash Prasanna , Zavala Victor M.
Published: June 2024

AutoGNNUQ employs neural architecture search to enhance uncertainty quantification for molecular property prediction via graph neural networks.
Porous aluminum decorated with rhodium nanoparticles: preparation and use as a platform for UV SERS
Authors: Banerjee Shrobona , Mattarozzi Luca , Maccaferri Nicolò , Cattarin Sandro , Weng Shukun , Douaki Ali , Lanzavecchia German , Sapunova Anastasiia , D'Amico Francesco , Ma Qifei , Zou Yanqiu , Krahne Roman , Kneipp Janina , Garoli Denis
Published: June 2024

Non-porous aluminium decorated with rhodium nanoparticles show potential as plasmonic substrates for UV SERS. Adenine (absorption maxima ∼250 nm) makes for an ideal resonant analyte for probing using a 266 nm laser.
Serum metabolomics reveals the metabolic profile and potential biomarkers of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Li Liuyan , Ding Shuqin , Wang Weibiao , Yang Lingling , Wilson Gidion , Sa Yuping , Zhang Yue , Chen Jianyu , Ma Xueqin
Published: June 2024

The current LCMS-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics analysis identified a total of 170 distinct metabolites associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), with 3 of these metabolites being considered potential biomarkers for AS.
Beyond Newton's law of cooling in evaluating magnetic hyperthermia performance: a device-independent procedure
Authors: Ruta Sergiu , Fernández-Afonso Yilian , Rannala Samuel E. , Morales M. Puerto , Veintemillas-Verdaguer Sabino , Jones Carlton , Gutiérrez Lucía , Chantrell Roy W. , Serantes David
Published: June 2024

Accurate knowledge of the heating performance of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) under AC magnetic fields is critical for the development of hyperthermia-mediated applications.
PIFA-mediated intramolecular N-arylation of 2-aminoquinoxalines to afford indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives
Authors: Subramaniam Subhashini V. , Singh Badal , Pradeep Natarajan , Peruncheralathan Saravanan
Published: June 2024

N-Arylation of aminoheteroarenes: room-temperature C–N bond formation in 2-amino-3-arylquinoxalines using a hypervalent iodine reagent unlocks a versatile pathway to indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines.
Tuning the water intrinsic permeability of PEGDA hydrogel membranes by adding free PEG chains of varying molar masses
Authors: Eddine Malak Alaa , Carvalho Alain , Schmutz Marc , Salez Thomas , de Chateauneuf-Randon Sixtine , Bresson Bruno , Pantoustier Nadège , Monteux Cécile , Belbekhouche Sabrina
Published: June 2024

Controlling water permeability by trapping PEG chains inside PEGDA walls.
A solid xantphos macroligand based on porous organic polymers for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2
Authors: Nisters Arne , Gutmann Torsten , Kim Sun-Myung , Hofmann Jan Philipp , Rose Marcus
Published: June 2024

A xanthphos-based porous organic polymer enables the support of a molecular ruthenium complex as solid catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid as renewable platform chemical.
In situ imprinted cavity fabrication within BiOBr@porphyrin composites for selective and efficient degradation of trace norfloxacin
Authors: Tian Xuemeng , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Yue , Shi Xiaoyu , Zhang Long , Liu Jinfeng , Wang Yangyang , Gao Ruixia
Published: June 2024

Imprinted cavities were in situ fabricated within BiOBr@porphyrin composites, affording a powerful method of designing diverse imprinted photocatalyst/composites for selectively removing pollutants.
Nanomolar level electrochemical detection of glycine on a miniaturized modified screen-printed carbon-based electrode: a comparison of performance with glassy carbon electrode system
Authors: S. Saisree , Shamili Chandradas , K. Y. Sandhya , Peethambharan Surendran Kuzhichalil , Chandran Achu
Published: June 2024

In this work, we demonstrate the electrochemical (EC) sensing of glycine (GLY) on a gold–copper nanocluster on nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot-modified (indigenously fabricated) screen-printed electrode (AuCuNC@N-GQD/SPE).
Effect of tert-butyl substitution on controlling the orientation of TADF emitters in guest–host systems
Authors: Sahay Prakhar , Crovini Ettore , Stavrou Kleitos , Zhang Zhen , Nguyên Bình Minh , Wagner Daniel , Strohriegl Peter , Bräse Stefan , Monkman Andrew , Zysman-Colman Eli , Brütting Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

We compare how changes in the structure of an acceptor–donor–acceptor TADF emitter decorated with tert-butyl groups affect alignment. The “champion” material is ICzTRZ with tBu-substitution at the distal phenyl rings of the triazine acceptors.
UAV cluster geometric information fusion cooperative positioning algorithm with LEO satellite system
Authors: Tang Chengkai , Wang Wenbo , Zhang Lingling , Wang Chen
Published: June 2024

With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) clusters, they will become the main means in urban transportation, traffic monitoring and other fields. The positioning accuracy of UAV clusters is the core basis of the application, this paper proposes a UAV cluster information geometry fusion positioning method based on low‐orbit satellite system, which uses the geometric relationship between UAV clusters to transform the low‐orbit constellation navigation information of each UAV into an information geometry probability model, reducing the influence of the low‐orbit satellite system time asynchrony, and through Kullback–Leibler average fusion to achieve UAV cluster real‐time high‐precision positioning. The method effectively solves the problem caused by the easy loss of GNSS signals in the obscured environment, and significantly improves the reliability and stability of UAV cluster positioning in urban environments. Comparing the method of this paper with the existing UAV fusion navigation methods in terms of positioning accuracy stability, positioning real‐time and error mutation under the occlusion scenario, the experimental results show that the method of this paper has obvious superiority in the above indexes.
Conjugate gradient‐based active noise cancellation
Authors: de Souza Jose Victor Goncalez , de Alcantara Andrade Fabio Augusto , Pinto Milena Faria , Kar Asutosh , de Barros Ana Lucia Ferreira , Haddad Diego Barreto
Published: June 2024

Active noise cancellation schemes should synthesize proper secondary perturbations without relevant prior information. Their performance depends strongly on their adaptive mechanisms, which, sometimes, do not fulfill the severe requirements of practical setups. This research demonstrates for the first time that the adaptive conjugate gradient optimization method can be used for active noise cancellation tasks. Additionally, a stochastic model is devised for estimating its steady‐state solution, even when the secondary path is not correctly estimated. Such a theoretical analysis demonstrates the asymptotic unbiasedness of the proposed scheme when the secondary plant is perfectly estimated. Simulations reveal that the devised method can attain better asymptotic performance and a higher convergence rate than the traditional FX‐LMS algorithm, at the expense of an increased computational burden. Furthermore, simulations show that the method outperforms the standard ones for nonstationary inputs (such as speech signals).
Dual internal model control with improved load current feedback for enhanced dynamic performance in aircraft high‐voltage direct current brushless generator
Authors: Shi Heng , Zhang Zhuoran
Published: June 2024

In order to enhance the dynamic performance of aircraft high‐voltage direct current wound rotor synchronous generator (WRSG) system under load variations, a dual internal model control (DIMC) method utilising improved load current feedback (ILCF) is proposed. It employs internal model controllers in both voltage and current loops, thereby significantly augmenting the system's disturbance rejection capabilities. Improved load current feedback is incorporated between the DC voltage loop and the field current loop. Additionally, a method for designing a feedback fitting function is established, enhancing the system's adaptability to changes in operational speed and load. The authors outline parameter design methods for voltage and current loops in DIMC, based on the internal model control principle. Adjustments to these parameters can further enhance the system's disturbance rejection capabilities. Finally, comparative experiments between the PI method with ILCF and the DIMC method with ILCF are conducted on a 15 kW WRSG experimental platform. These experiments demonstrate that the proposed DIMC method with ILCF optimises dynamic performance across the entire speed range, enhancing the competitiveness of WRSG systems in aircraft applications.
On the practical aspects of machine learning based active power loss forecasting in transmission networks
Authors: Pandžić Franko , Sudić Ivan , Capuder Tomislav , Pavičić Ivan
Published: June 2024

The cost for covering active power losses makes a significant item in transmission system operators (TSO) annual budgets, and still it received limited attention in the existing literature. The focus of accurate power loss forecasting and procurement is of high increase during the past 2 years due to spikes in electricity prices, making the cost of covering the active power losses a dominant factor of TSO operational costs. This paper presents practical aspects of the highly accurate models for transmission loss forecast in the day ahead time frame for the Croatian transmission system. The contributions are two‐fold: 1) Practical insights into usable TSO data are provided, filling a critical research gap and a foundational literature review is established on transmission loss forecasting. 2) A novel method utilizing only electricity transit data as input which outperforms existing practices is presented. For this, several algorithms such as gradient boosted decision tree model (XGB), support vector regressors, multiple linear regression and fully connected feedforward artificial neural networks are developed, and implemented and validated on data obtained from the Croatian TSO. The results show that the XGB model outperforms current TSO model by 32% for 4 months of comparison and TSCNET's commercial solution by 25% during a year‐long testing period. The developed XGB model is also implemented as a software tool and put into everyday operation with the Croatian TSO.
A multi‐agent deep reinforcement learning approach for traffic signal coordination
Authors: Hu Ta‐Yin , Li Zhuo‐Yu
Published: June 2024

The purpose of signal control is to allocate time for competing traffic flows to ensure safety. Artificial intelligence has made transportation researchers more interested in adaptive traffic signal control, and recent literature confirms that deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be effectively applied to adaptive traffic signal control. Deep neural networks enhance the learning potential of reinforcement learning. This study applies the DRL method, Double Deep Q‐Network, to train local agents. Each local agent learns independently to accommodate the regional traffic flows and dynamics. After completing the learning, a global agent is created to integrate and unify the action policies selected by each local agent to achieve the purpose of traffic signal coordination. Traffic flow conditions are simulated through the simulation of urban mobility. The benefits of the proposed approach include improving the efficiency of intersections and minimizing the overall average waiting time of vehicles. The proposed multi‐agent reinforcement learning model significantly improves the average vehicle waiting time and queue length compared with the results from PASSER‐V and pre‐timed signal setting strategies.
Study on gate‐source voltage oscillation suppression in SiC MOSFETs based on LCR parallel branch
Authors: Yu Changzhou , Li Jiajia , Gu Yukun , Liu Huixian , Xu Feng , Wang Yifei , Yu Shaolin
Published: June 2024

Silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs are garnering widespread attention due to their superior performance in high‐temperature, high‐frequency, and high‐voltage applications, emerging as the preferred power semiconductor devices in converters for photovoltaic power generation and new energy vehicles. However, SiC MOSFETs are prone to gate drive and drain‐source voltage oscillations during high‐speed switching events, resulting in diminished system efficiency, increased electromagnetic interference, reduced device safety, and even compromising the overall reliability of the converter. This paper introduces an oscillation suppression method based on a gate LCR parallel branch, aimed at optimizing the switching performance of SiC MOSFETs. A half‐bridge circuit model based on SiC MOSFET is established, and the mechanism of gate and drain‐source oscillation is meticulously analysed using the transfer function expression. Building upon this, the LCR parallel branch parameters are meticulously designed to introduce appropriate damping in the gate drive path, effectively mitigating oscillations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design not only significantly reduces the amplitude of oscillations but also shortens the switch‐transition time. This enhancement effectively increases the switching frequency and reduces switching losses.
Primary and secondary source of energy in the superluminous supernova 2018ibb
Authors: Kozyreva Alexandra , Shingles Luke , Baklanov Petr , Mironov Alexey , Schneider Fabian R. N.
Published: June 2024

We examined a possible pair-instability origin for the superluminous supernova 2018ibb. As the base model, we used a non-rotating stellar model with an initial mass of 250 M⊙ at about 1/15 solar metallicity. We considered three versions of the model as input for radiative transfer simulations done with the STELLA and ARTIS codes: with 25 M⊙ of 56Ni, with 34 M⊙ of 56Ni, and a chemically mixed case with 34 M⊙ of 56Ni. We present light curves and spectra in comparison to the observed data of SN 2018ibb, and conclude that the pair-instability supernova model with 34 M⊙ of 56Ni explains the broadband light curves reasonably well between −100 and 250 days around the peak. Our synthetic spectra have many similarities with the observed spectra. The luminosity excess in the light curves and the blue-flux excess in the spectra can be explained by an additional energy source, which may be an interaction of the supernova ejecta with circumstellar matter. We discuss possible mechanisms that could have caused the circumstellar matter to be ejected in the decades before the pair-instability explosion.
Understanding salinity evolution in the Moroccan Ghiss-Nekor aquifer using differential mapping technique
Authors: Bourjila Abdelhak , Dimane Fouad , Benaabidate Lahcen , Ghalit Mohammad , Taher Morad , Kamari Salim , El Hammoudani Yahya , Achoukhi Iliass , Haboubi Khadija
Published: June 2024

Assessing spatiotemporal groundwater hydrochemistry evolution is crucial for sustainable aquifer management. The Ghiss-Nekor aquifer, located in a semi-arid coastal region, requires a comprehensive grasp of hydrochemical shifts for proactive degradation mitigation. Accordingly, the differential mapping technique (DMT) has been employed to assess the salinity evolution in the study area. In 2015 and 2022, 48 and 52 groundwater samples were respectively analyzed. As a result, an overall increase in salinity was observed within the Ghiss-Nekor aquifer, particularly near the shoreline, where in some areas the TDS variations (ΔTDS) exceeded +7000 mg/L. ΔCl- reached up to +129 meq/L near the coast. Similarly, ΔNa+, ΔSO42-, ΔMg2+, ΔCa2+, ΔK+, and ΔHCO3-, showed values up to +94 meq/L, +22 meq/L, +17 meq/L, +10 meq/L, +1 meq/L, and +5 meq/L, respectively, along the coast. In contrast, a decline in the levels of these ions was noted across most of the plain, especially in the southern portion. Positive major ions levels near the sea indicate ongoing freshwater degradation due to seawater intrusion. DMT approach showed its effectiveness in assessing the spatiotemporal changes occurring within aquifers. These findings advocate for broader DMT application in safeguarding aquifers impacted by salinization, promoting sustainable development.
Nitrogenous Compound Exposure in Unsanitary Rural Environments: A Case Study from Al Hoceima Province, Northern Morocco
Authors: Kamari Salim , Bourjila Abdelhak , Ghalit Mohammad , Makan Abdelhadi , El Ouarghi Hossain
Published: June 2024

Groundwater is a crucial drinking water resource for rural communities; however, the absence of adequate monitoring programs in these regions often results in uncertainties about groundwater quality. This study focuses on assessing the impact of nitrogen compounds from domestic wastewater on groundwater in rural communities within the province of Al Hoceima. The hydrochemistry of 33 groundwater samples was analyzed using various methods, including descriptive statistics, the Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), the Chronic Health Risk Index (CHR), and a GIS-based spatial analysis. The investigation revealed significant contamination by nitrogen compounds in regions characterized by high population density. In these areas, nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations exceeded 50 mg/l and 0.2 mg/l, respectively, surpassing the WHO recommended limits. Notably, NO3- levels ranged from 0 to 89.63 mg/l, with 84.84% of groundwater samples contained more than 10 mg/l. The NPI values ranged from -1 to 3.48, with 33.33% of the samples were categorized as significantly and very significantly polluted. Additionally, CHR values ranged from 0 to 2.43 for adults, 0 to 2.03 for children, and 0 to 2.51 for infants. The CHR values exceeded 1 suggests that the contamination observed in the samples can be attributed to the widespread use of septic tanks in densely populated regions. Thus, to ensure the safety of rural communities, further assessments of health risks are mandatory.
The interest of informative ancestry markers (AIM) and their fields of application
Authors: Mekhfi Lamiaa , El Khalfi Bouchra , Saile Rachid , Yahia Hakima , Soukri Abdelaziz
Published: June 2024

This review focuses on the study of biogeographic ancestry using the Accurate Ancestry Identification Panel. Autosomal markers may provide little information about the nature of an individual's admixture due to ongoing human recombination and migration. Biogeographic ancestry assessment (BGA) is a term used to describe ancestry through DNA testing. This is usually accomplished by testing specific regions of DNA called ancestry information markers (AIMs). AIMs are chosen because they expose significantly different frequencies between different populations in different parts of the world. The panels of these AIMs can be assessed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to predict the geographical origins of a person of interest's ancestors, usually in terms of continent of origin, and sometimes by smaller geographic regions. The use of ancestry informative markers (AIM) to identify genomic ancestry can be useful for a variety of studies in evolutionary genetics, biomedical research, and forensic analyses. However, there remains a major challenge in determining AIMs for populations with complex and highly mixed ancestry.
Effect of Convergent Angle on different Flow Parameters of a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle
Authors: Malik Nawaf Mehmood , Zaheer Mansoor Ali , Farooq Muhammad Ali
Published: June 2024

Nozzle is defined as a device which is being used to convert the pressure energy into the kinetic energy. It basically controls the mass flow rate, pressure and velocity of the fluid stream. Consisting of three sections convergent, throat and divergent section, this device basically converts subsonic flow into supersonic flow. An extensive study have been conducted by the authors in the past about the divergent angle effect on flow parameters of a C-D (Convergent-Divergent) nozzle. In this paper, detailed study have been done to find the most optimum value of convergent angle of a C-D nozzle for the best flow parameters. Convergent angles under consideration are 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° and 35°.
Modeling and Control of Two Degree of Freedom Bionic Foot
Authors: Shah Syed Salman , Akif Muhammad , Arsalan Muhammad , Shah Syed Humayoon , Hassan Taimoor , Imran Abid
Published: June 2024

Many people are affected by conditions like stroke, spinal cord diseases, cerebral palsy, and nerve injuries, leading to impaired leg function. Bionic foot assist in maintaining stability and posture, offering vital aid to those with mobility issues for improved quality of life and rehabilitation. Consequently, the use of bionic foot has increased. Bionic foot comprising electrical and mechanical components, provide comfort and support for individuals with mobility problems. An encouraging solution is to introduce bionic foot robots to help patients having mobility problems during their recovery journey. Designed to mimic the human skeletal system, these robots offer valuable assistance in restoring the natural gait cycle of patients having mobility problems. The proposed approach introduces a bionic foot designed to support movement of human ankle joint, marking a significant advancement in rehabilitation technology. Although human ankle joint actually exhibits 3 DOF motion, we consider 2 DOF motion of human ankle joint i.e., plantarflexion and dorsiflexion and, inversion and eversion as they are dominant during normal motion of human body. We designed two systems to control the motion of human ankle joint. Firstly, we have used two actuators, one for each degree of freedom to control the motion of ankle joint. Secondly, we have used an actuator to control the plantarflexion and dorsiflexion motion and Spring-Damper system to control the inversion and eversion motion of the human ankle joint. For both systems, we derive the mathematical model and then we design the PD controller using MATLAB/Simulink. For plantarflexion and dorsiflexion motion, we give standard pattern of human ankle gait as input and for inversion and eversion motion, we provide pulsating signal as our input for both the systems. After implementation, the response of the human ankle motion was precise, accurate and smooth. The torque applied by the actuators was also in the acceptable range.
Design and Fabrication of PVC Pipe Cutting Machine with Hot Wire Mechanism
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Arbab , Nadeem Azka , Ali M. Usman , Khan Muhammad Bilal , Ashfaq Babar
Published: June 2024

The utilization of cutting tools presents inherent limitations, encompassing sluggish production rates, inconsistent cutting precision, and elevated manufacturing expenses in the cutting of PVC (Poly-Vinyl Chloride) pipes. Addressing these challenges requires a systematic design approach to engineers to build sustainable new mechanism for PVC pipe cutting apparatus capable of streamlined operation. This study endeavours to conceptualize and develop a unique mechanism comprised of Ni-Chrome heated wire as a replacement of traditional cutter. The design focus is aimed at enhancing the cutting operation within low cost and enhanced sustainability. The methodology for machine design encompasses a complete machine design approach for each single component if a machine utilizing Solidworks 2023, complemented by rigorous mathematical design calculations. The outcomes of this study manifest in the creation of a prototype of Ni-Chrome heated wire machine capable of cutting the pipes within thickness range from 20-35mm and more based on the heated capability of wire. Noteworthy advantages of this machine design include expedited manufacturing processes, reduced energy consumption, and enhanced labour efficiency, thereby augmenting overall productivity. Future research avenues are suggested to encompass an analysis of operator safety considerations, establishment of periodic maintenance protocols, automation, and optimization of spare parts accessibility to further refine the efficacy and longevity of the proposed system.
Artificial Neural Network-Based Color Contrast Recommendation System
Authors: Bukhari Syeda Sana , Ahmad Waqar , Jadoon Khurram Khan , Ansari Shahab U.
Published: June 2024

Color contrast pertains to graphics and the field of design. Visual objects can be described nicely with the best contrast combinations used in their representation. Color contrast suggestion is usually done with color theory, which defines two colors exactly opposite or adjacent in color hue are good contrast with each other. Herein, this paper presents a Color Contrast Recommendation System (CCRS) as an innovative solution based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The main aim of the paper is to facilitate different users to find suitable contrast for any base color. We used a simple neural network model with two hidden layers for a regression task. The proposed model suggests three contrast layers for the base color given by the user. We prepare a data set of 420 color combinations for training our Neural Network model that looks appealing together and enhances the visuals. The proposed color contrast recommendation application based on Neural Networks represents a significant advancement in leveraging AI technology to streamline the design process, improve accessibility, and enhance user experiences across digital platforms.
Axial Strength Model for FRP Confined Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns
Authors: Abdullah  , Ali Hasnain , Aslam Fahad , Ali Mehar , Raza Ali
Published: June 2024

Numerous studies have delved into anticipating the loadcarrying capacity (LC) of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) compression members (SFC) using limited and noisy data. However, none have undertaken a comparative assessment of the accuracy among various modeling techniques based on an extensive and refined database. This study aims to introduce an analytical model for forecasting the LC of SFC compression members. The model is developed utilizing a database comprising 712 samples, considering the mechanism of confinement of both tubes of steel and FRP wraps. By incorporating the lateral confinement mechanism of SFC columns, the analytical model yields precise predictions. As per the experimental database, the analytical model demonstrates statistics such as MAE = 427, MAPE = 283, R2 = 0.815, RMSE = 275, and an a20-index = 0.73, indicating its effectiveness in providing accurate predictions.
Parametric Modeling for Activated Carbon Synthesis
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Hussain Azhar , Hassan Muhammad Najam UL , Nasir Ali , Karim Ramzan Abdul , Yasir Muhammad , Wakeel Aneela , Rao Abdul Moiz , Ahmed Muhammad , Ullah Muhib , Imran Khurram
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the synthesis of activated carbon from waste tires, focusing on how heating rates influence activation energy and product quality. Through controlled experiments, the research evaluates the impact of varying thermal treatments on the activation energy and the resultant activated carbon’s surface area, pore size, and volume. The objective is to establish the optimal conditions that enhance adsorptive properties while maximizing energy efficiency in the production process. Findings indicate that slower heating rates are conducive to producing activated carbon with higher surface areas and smaller, more uniform pore sizes, traits desirable for effective adsorption. Specifically, activated carbon produced under slow heating exhibited a surface area of 621 m²/g and a pore size of 292 Å, compared to 570 m²/g and 308 Å under faster heating conditions. This demonstrates a direct correlation between the heating rate and the material’s structural characteristics that affect its adsorption capacity.

Incorporated within this study parametric model that forecasts the qualities of activated carbon for various heating regimens, facilitating the precise adjustment of the synthesis process. The study reveals a nuanced understanding of energy consumption in the synthesis process. Lower heating rates, while beneficial for product quality, necessitate a reevaluation of energy expenditure to ensure economic viability. Conversely, the slight reduction in quality observed with rapid heating suggests a potential for time and energy savings, offering a trade-off between efficiency and product performance. The research bridges the gap between process parameters and activated carbon quality, providing valuable insights for the development of more sustainable, cost-effective production methods. By identifying ideal heating rates, the study paves the way for advancements in activated carbon manufacturing, promising significant improvements in environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. This contributes to a broader application of activated carbon in pollution control and resource recovery, underscoring the importance of optimized manufacturing processes.
Le magnétisme et l’optique au carrefour de l’électronique de spin ultrarapide
Authors: Gorchon Jon
Published: June 2024

Le magnétisme est omniprésent dans notre vie : boussoles, moteurs électriques, transformateurs, stockage magnétique pour le “cloud”… Comprendre comment l’aimantation d’un aimant se comporte face à des forces magnétiques extérieures est donc primordial.

Le domaine de l’électronique de spin ultra-rapide s’intéresse à la dynamique des systèmes magnétiques aux échelles temporelles de la pico et de la femtoseconde, en essayant de les manipuler à l’aide de plusieurs leviers tels que la lumière, la chaleur ou les courants électriques.
Le Congrès général 2023 de la SFP Le congrès de tous les records
Authors: Houver Sarah , Cirelli Marco
Published: June 2024

Le 26e Congrès général de la Société Française de Physique, congrès exceptionnel pour fêter ses 150 ans, s’est déroulé du lundi 3 au vendredi 7 juillet 2023 au Centre des Congrès de la Cité des sciences et de l’industrie à Paris (fig. 1).
Nierenersatztherapie auf Intensivstation
Authors: Herrmann Julian-Wolfram , Reshetnik Alexander
Published: June 2024

Bei intensivstationär behandelten Patient*innen kommt es regelmäßig zu akuten Nierenfunktionseinschränkungen (AKI), die oft auch den Einsatz apparativer Nierenersatzverfahren nötig machen. Der vorliegende Artikel soll ein verständliches und umfassendes Kompendium des aktuellen Therapiestandards für Nierenersatzverfahren im intensivstationären Kontext mit der Erläuterung der jeweiligen Evidenz darstellen: So werden die verschiedenen verfügbaren Modalitäten (kontinuierliche versus intermittierende Hämodialyseverfahren sowie Peritonealdialyse) vorgestellt und ihre jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile diskutiert. Dabei wird auch auf die richtigen Bedingungen für eine etwaige Umstellung von kontinuierlichen auf diskontinuierliche Verfahren eingegangen und der damit in Zusammenhang stehenden Problematik der hämodynamischen Instabilität unter einer Nierenersatztherapie. Weiterhin wird die viel diskutierte Frage nach dem richtigen Zeitpunkt des Beginns von Nierenersatzverfahren im Licht der vorhandenen Evidenz kritisch beleuchtet, genauso wie die Frage nach den Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Beendigung der Nierenersatztherapie. Verschiedene Antikoagulationsstrategien werden vorgestellt, mit besonderem Augenmerk auf die regionale Antikoagulation mit Zitrat, die mittlerweile die bevorzugte Option insbesondere für kontinuierliche Verfahren darstellt. Ebenso wird auf die Bestimmung der adäquaten Dosen je nach Modalität für den/die einzelne/n Patient*in eingegangen. Auch den spezifischen Aspekten von chronischen Dialysepatient*innen auf Intensivstation wird Rechnung getragen.
Validierte deutschsprachige PROMs für Menschen mit Majoramputation
der unteren Extremität – Ein narrativer Review anhand des Abschlussreports der
LEAD- und COMPASS-Initiative der ISPO
Authors: Ranker Alexander , Greitemann Bernhard , Kohler Friedbert , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Sturm Christian , Tegtbur Uwe , Egen Christoph
Published: June 2024

Patientenzentrierte Erhebungsinstrumente (sogenannte PROMs, Patient-Related
Outcome Measures), spielen in der Rehabilitation bei Menschen mit
Majoramputation eine wesentliche Rolle. Die von den Betroffenen selbst
auszufüllenden Fragebogen erheben dabei für dieses Patientenkollektiv
spezifische Konstrukte. Die durch die Internationale Gesellschaft für Prothetik
und Orthetik (ISPO) durchgeführten Initiativen COMPASS und LEAD unterstreichen
die Wichtigkeit der regelhaften Erhebung hochqualitativer Patientenfragebogen.
Diese sind sowohl für die Bewertung des Rehabilitationsbedarfs, des
Rehabilitationsfortschritts als auch des Rehabilitationserfolgs sowie in der
Rehabilitationsforschung unabdingbar. Im Abschlussbericht der großen
internationalen Initiative der ISPO werden PROMs-Empfehlungen des
Expertengremiums tabellarisch aufgezeigt In Tabelle 3.2 des Berichts führt die
ISPO n=12 PROMs auf, die in den engeren Konsensusprozess aufgenommen wurden, als
ausreichend qualitativ gelten und daher empfohlen werden. Ziel dieser
systematischen Übersichtsarbeit war es, die Verfügbarkeit validierter deutscher
Versionen dieser PROMs zu ermitteln. Dadurch sollten eventuelle Lücken im
Vorhandensein einzelner Scores in deutscher Sprache aufgezeigt werden. Alle
PROMs, die in einer deutschen und validierten Version vorliegen, wurden
anschließend mittels Checklist der COnsensus-based Standards for the selection
of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) hinsichtlich der Qualität der
Validierungsstudie untersucht. Durch die systematische Literatursuche konnten
n=6 validierte deutschsprachige Versionen gefunden werden. Dabei konnten nur n=4
eine ausreichende Qualität der Überprüfung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften
gemäß COSMIN-Checklist aufweisen. Insgesamt zeigt diese Übersichtsarbeit
gravierende Lücken in der Verfügbarkeit deutscher validierter Versionen von
international genutzten und durch die ISPO als Standard empfohlenen PROMs. Es
wird dringend empfohlen durch leitliniengerechte Übersetzung und anschließender
Validierungsstudien diese Lücke zu schließen, um die von der ISPO empfohlenen
PROMS auch für ein deutschsprachiges Patientenkollektiv anbieten und erheben zu
können.
Maternal Preconception Omega-6, Omega-3, and Omega-6:Omega-3 Intake and Uterine Artery Indices in Mid-Gestation
Authors: Finch Amara , Joss-Moore Lisa , Allshouse Amanda A. , Blue Nathan , Haas David M. , Grobman William , Parry Samuel , Saade George , Silver Robert M.
Published: June 2024

Objective Maternal preconception diet influences pregnancy health and fetal outcomes. We examined the relationship between preconception fatty acid (FA) intake and uterine artery indices in mid-gestation in a large, heterogeneous cohort of nulliparous individuals.

Study Design This is a secondary analysis of the nuMom2b (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be) study. Dietary ω-6 and ω-3 FA intake was assessed with food frequency questionnaires and uterine artery indices were obtained via Doppler studies in the second trimester. For our primary outcome of pulsatility index (PI) > 1.6, we compared proportions by each dichotomous FA exposure and tested differences with chi-square test.

Results For PI > 1.6, odds ratio for the unfavorable FA quartile compared with remaining quartiles for the exposures were 0.96 to 1.25, p = 0.157 (ω-6 FA); 0.97 to 1.26, p = 0.124 (ω-3 FA); 0.87 to 1.14, p = 1.00 (ω-6:ω-3 FA ratio).

Conclusion No significant associations between self-reported maternal preconception ω-6 and ω-3 FA intake and uterine artery Doppler indices measured during the second trimester were observed.

Key Points
Spinal Arachnoid Cysts—Our Experience
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Purandare Anup , Devani Kavin , Palave Prakash , Dhall Gagan , Gawali Sagar
Published: June 2024

Introduction Spinal arachnoid cysts are rare. Most of these lesions are located in the thoracic and thoracolumbar regions. Magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable tool for understanding their location and provides important information regarding their origin and expansion. The aim of our study was to evaluate the demographics, presentations, surgical management, and outcome of a spinal arachnoid cyst.

Materials and Methods All the patients from January 2003 to December 2021 who were symptomatic for spinal arachnoid cysts were taken for study. A retrospective analysis was performed. Radiological investigations were performed, and patients were graded according to the Nabors classification. Operative results were graded according to surgical technique.

Results The study included 22 patients, 11 female and 11 male patients, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 1:1. The mean age of presentation was 34.7 years (4–60 years). Of 22 patients, 15 have intradural arachnoid cysts, 7 have an intradural extramedullary arachnoid cyst, and 8 have an intramedullary arachnoid cyst. Symptoms varied from weakness in the lower limbs (50%), quadriparesis and spasticity (32%), bladder/bowel incontinence (14%), and pain (10%). Out of 22 patients, complete cyst excision was performed in 17 patients, marsupialization in 4 patients, and cystic-subarachnoid shunt in one patient. Weakness and spasticity gradually recovered over a period of time. At 1-year follow-up, all the patients had complete improvement in their weakness, spasticity, and bladder functions. No recurrence of the cyst was seen at 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion Spinal arachnoid cysts are very rare in the spinal cord. Most of the lesions are located in the thoracic and thoracolumbar regions. Asymptomatic cyst requires counseling and conservative management, whereas symptomatic cyst, if operated on with surgical expertise, recurrence and complications are very low. The best surgical technique for operating these spinal arachnoid cysts is still under question, but symptom improvement is seen in all operative procedures.
The Forgotten Flap: The Pedicled Trapezius Flap's Utility in Pediatric Head and Neck Reconstruction—A Systematic Review
Authors: Moshal Tayla , Lasky Sasha , Roohani Idean , Jolibois Marah I. , Manasyan Artur , Munabi Naikhoba C.O. , Fahradyan Artur , Lee Jessica A. , Hammoudeh Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2024

Background When free tissue transfer is precluded or undesired, the pedicled trapezius flap is a viable alternative for adults requiring complex head and neck (H&N) defect reconstruction. However, the application of this flap in pediatric reconstruction is underexplored. This systematic review aimed to describe the use of the pedicled trapezius flap and investigate its efficacy in pediatric H&N reconstruction.

Methods A systematic review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles describing the trapezius flap for H&N reconstruction in pediatric patients were included. Patient demographics, surgical indications, wound characteristics, flap characteristics, complications, and functional outcomes were abstracted.

Results A systematic review identified 22 articles for inclusion. Studies mainly consisted of case reports (n = 11) and case series (n = 8). In total, 67 pedicled trapezius flaps were successfully performed for H&N reconstruction in 63 patients. The most common surgical indications included burn scar contractures (n = 46, 73.0%) and chronic wounds secondary to H&N masses (n = 9, 14.3%). Defects were most commonly located in the neck (n = 28, 41.8%). The mean flap area and arc of rotation were 326.4 ± 241.7 cm2 and 157.6 ± 33.2 degrees, respectively. Most flaps were myocutaneous (n = 48, 71.6%) and based on the dorsal scapular artery (n = 32, 47.8%). Complications occurred in 10 (14.9%) flaps. The flap's survival rate was 100% (n = 67). No instances of functional donor site morbidity were reported. The mean follow-up was 2.2 ± 1.8 years.

Conclusion This systematic review demonstrated the reliability of the pedicled trapezius flap in pediatric H&N reconstruction, with a low complication rate, no reports of functional donor site morbidity, and a 100% flap survival rate. The flap's substantial surface area, bulk, and arc of rotation contribute to its efficacy in covering soft tissue defects ranging from the proximal neck to the vertex of the scalp. The pedicled trapezius flap is a viable option for pediatric H&N reconstruction.