bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling structured population dynamics using data from unmarked individuals
Authors: Zipkin Elise F. , Thorson James T. , See Kevin , Lynch Heather J. , Grant Evan H. Campbell , Kanno Yoichiro , Chandler Richard B. , Letcher Benjamin H. , Royle J. Andrew
Published: October 2013

The study of population dynamics requires unbiased, precise estimates of abundance and vital rates that account for the demographic structure inherent in all wildlife and plant populations. Traditionally, these estimates have only been available through approaches that rely on intensive mark–recapture data. We extended recently developed N‐mixture models to demonstrate how demographic parameters and abundance can be estimated for structured populations using only stage‐structured count data. Our modeling framework can be used to make reliable inferences on abundance as well as recruitment, immigration, stage‐specific survival, and detection rates during sampling. We present a range of simulations to illustrate the data requirements, including the number of years and locations necessary for accurate and precise parameter estimates. We apply our modeling framework to a population of northern dusky salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus) in the mid‐Atlantic region (USA) and find that the population is unexpectedly declining. Our approach represents a valuable advance in the estimation of population dynamics using multistate data from unmarked individuals and should additionally be useful in the development of integrated models that combine data from intensive (e.g., mark–recapture) and extensive (e.g., counts) data sources.
Water operator partnerships and institutional capacity development for urban water supply
Authors: Breeveld Richenel , Hermans Leon , Veenstra Siemen
Published: October 2013

One way in which international water operator partnerships can contribute to capacity development is through the exchange of experiences with water institutions in different countries. This paper looks at a partnership between water operators in the Netherlands and Malawi to see to what extent institutional experiences in the Netherlands can contribute to capacity development of the Lilongwe Water Board in Malawi. For this, it combines insights from policy transfer, with a conceptual framework based on the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. Stylized game theoretic models are used to analyze in-depth the institutional (dis)incentives that contribute to improved performance for customers. Experiences in the Netherlands are analyzed by studying four specific action situations, such as asset management at drinking water company Vitens NV. Potential lessons are derived from this, which are evaluated for potential transfer to Malawi. The analysis suggests ways in which improved information gathering and data management can support allocation of investment and budgets for operation and maintenance. Furthermore, it suggests ways to increase the frequency of encounters between government and financing institutions and water utilities, as well as the use of a system of benchmarking to provide a platform for sharing best practices and to create competition.
What counts as ‘results’ in capacity development partnerships between water operators? A multi-path approach toward accountability, adaptation and learning
Authors: Pascual Sanz Maria , Veenstra Siemen , Wehn de Montalvo Uta , van Tulder Rob , Alaerts Guy
Published: October 2013

The on-going debate on aid effectiveness highlights that in order for capacity development interventions to remain relevant and their results sustainable, their planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation need to be flexible and case-specific. It is not only important to account for end results, but also to adjust interventions during their implementation. Capacity development partnerships (CDP) between water operators are portrayed as a promising approach for sustained performance. However, it has been observed that these interventions require significant time to lead to the targeted water operator performance gains. Hence, managing the partnership solely through the use of key performance indicators offers the partners little insight into both the progress achieved and the effectiveness of the partnership activities in contributing to such progress. This incomplete picture is likely to limit the ability of partners to manage the project efficiently. This paper proposes a multi-path approach to monitoring and evaluating the performance of CDPs (this being understood as different from the performance of the targeted water operator) that enables well-informed management of the partnership. The designed approach is applied to compare the progress of two partnership projects, namely those of the Lilongwe and Blantyre Water Boards in Malawi, with Vitens Evides International.
Local solutions in Non-Revenue Water management through North–South Water Operator Partnerships: the case of Nakuru
Authors: Ndirangu Nancy , Ng'ang'a James , Chege Anthony , de Blois Reint-Jan , Mels Adriaan
Published: October 2013

Improving access to water (and sanitation) services in Kenya (estimated at 59 and 32%, respectively), is one of the country's commitments. However, although efforts to address the situation through a rigorous water sector reform have shown some improvements, challenges still persist. One key challenge is inadequate capacity of sector institutions to deliver on their mandates. In particular, high Non-Revenue Water (NRW) levels (averaging 45%) negatively affect financial viability of water utilities. Key stakeholders are currently collaborating to improve NRW levels. Through capacity development support, underlying issues have been addressed and service delivery improved. The case of Nakuru Water, Sewerage and Sanitation Company (NAWASSCO), where local and international partners are implementing an innovative NRW model has resulted in commendable gains, is described. The NRW pilot adopted an action research approach to implement the International Water Association methodology of reducing NRW to the local situation through a pilot (NAKA). Emerging best practices will be up-scaled to other areas within and beyond Nakuru. Geographic information system (GIS) and management information system (MIS) tools were developed to facilitate decision-making. The pilot resulted in marked reduction in NRW levels and increased revenue. It demonstrates that capacity, when properly developed and locally owned, can result in commendable development gains.
Monitoring for learning and developing capacities in the WASH sector
Authors: da Silva Wells Carmen , van Lieshout René , Uytewaal Erma
Published: October 2013

The water sector faces immense challenges, which are characterized by complex interactions between the social and ecological systems. Improving the linkages between sector-wide monitoring, learning and capacity development is of pivotal importance for coping with this complexity. For deciding where to invest, how to sustain and improve water and sanitation services and for understanding which policies and strategies work, both reliable data and critical joint reflection are crucial. In the water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector, two developments have the potential to contribute to increased sector capacities to reflect, analyse and act upon lessons learnt. First, the interest of national governments and donors in monitoring and evaluation, which is gradually shifting from counting infrastructure built, towards sustainable development and sector performance reviews. Second, participatory monitoring methods and multi-stakeholder processes are being used to increase transparency and accountability and to facilitate dialogue, learning and joint action. The demand for continuous learning and adaptive management based on sound monitoring data can be stimulated by incentives and supportive institutional settings. The supply – the mechanisms, tools and capacities for monitoring – must also be strengthened, especially the capacity to use monitoring data to take action. Learning-oriented monitoring processes can help identify capacity gaps, while the process of joint analysis, reflection and sharing lessons has the potential to build capacities. Commitment of stakeholders throughout the sector to do things better and differently is a critical element towards building a learning and adaptive sector.
Capacity development for urban development: the evolution of the integrated urban management Masters course at the Ethiopian Civil Service University
Authors: van Dijk Meine Pieter , Pennink Carley , Ruisink Saskia
Published: October 2013

This paper reviews the experiences with an integrated urban management Masters course, which saw an increase from 20 participants to 400 students in a period of 5 years. After a few years it became clear that it was difficult to absorb this number of Masters students in the government sector and that their skills did not match all the requirements. The paper looks at the external factors determining the success of the integrated urban management Masters course, and the desire of the Ethiopian government to make decentralization a reality. It also analyses the internal factors leading to positive outcomes of the interventions over time. The increasing complexity of urban problems cannot be managed by general urban managers; therefore specialized Masters programmes were launched. The programme evolved over time, reflecting the priorities of the Ethiopian government. Starting as a unified programme, the course was split into a series of specializations, focusing on water-related and environmental issues. The cooperation evolved over the period of the relationship into a partnership with leadership on the Ethiopian side. This contributed to the success in terms of the capacity built, the number of people trained, and their contribution to dealing with water and environmental problems in an urban context.
Dynamic Provisioning and Resource Management for Multi-Tier Cloud Based Applications
Authors: Goswami Veena , Patra S. S. , Mund G. B.
Published: October 2013

Dynamic capacity provisioning is a useful technique for handling the workload variations seen in cloud environment. In this paper, we propose a dynamic provisioning technique for multi-tier applications to allocate resources efficiently using queueing model. It dynamically increases the mean service rate of the virtual machines to avoid congestion in the multi-tier environments. An optimization model to minimize the total number of virtual machines for computing resources in each tier has been presented. Using the supplementary variable and the recursive techniques, we obtain the system-length distributions at pre-arrival and arbitrary epochs. Some important performance indicators such as blocking probability, request waiting time and number of tasks in the system and in the queue have also been investigated. Finally, computational results showing the effect of model parameters on key performance indicators are presented.
Management of Speeding Comparing Two Applied Engineering Measures
Authors: Ebrahim Zuhair , Nikraz Hamid
Published: October 2013

The importance of safety comes from the responsibility towards protecting the vulnerable road users, who seem to be the victims in most road crashes. Thus, authorities tend to focus on reducing the travelling speed of the vehicles, whereas some road users may consider the move to interfere with mobility. In this study, a case study in Perth’s two roads was conducted to compare two engineering treatments of speed reductions on these two busy shopping strips. The study aim is to illustrate the effect of using the electronic flashing signs rather than the standard signs in terms of speeding reduction and harm minimisation. Crash data were analysed and supported the safety benefits of the electronic flashing signs. Authorities have measured the reduction of the travelling speeds of vehicles and found it to be encouraging. There are clear, positive safety benefits from the study in terms of engineering and enforcement measures
Validating Knowledge and Technology Effects to Operative Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Authors: Takala Josu , Koskinen Jari , Liu Yang , Tas Mehmet Serif , Muhos Matti
Published: October 2013

Purpose: This paper aims to present a fresh idea on how to model and examine the level of sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) with and without knowledge and /technology (K/T) effects in a case company’s operation by taking the manufacturing strategy’s development directions and the efficiency of resource allocation among its attributes into consideration.

Design/Methodology/approach: In this paper, questionnaires are filled by two different managerial groups, company’s management team (G1) and company’s global directors (G2). The analyses based on G1, G2 and G1-G2 (mixed results) are performed and examined as well as the effect of knowledge and /technology rankings to observe the differences on how they effect on company’s operations strategy and what kind of strategy type that decision makers might follow. Besides, the effects of knowledge/technology rankings on SCA risk levels are examined on different case companies to perceive the similarities and differences with our case company. In this case study, the objectives are achieved based on several methodologies: manufacturing strategy index (MSI) [1] and sense and respond (S&R) methodology [2].

Findings: The achieved results through the model are found to be promising corresponding to the feedback from the respondents.

Research limitations/implications: The model is applied only in a big sized B2B global company that produces power electronics products. Therefore, further tests need to be applied to the model in case of multiple companies from different sizes and areas to figure out the best formula in case of validation of strategic direction (MAPE, RSME or MAD).

Practical implications: As a result of its wide applicability and its ease in arrangement the model has an enormous potential for strategic decision-making process and strategic analysis.

Originality/Value:The model can provide a more dependable possibility of sustainable improvement to the corporate operational excellence and strategy
Implementing Sustainable Competitive Advantage to the Public Sector’s Management System – By Sense and Respond Methodology in Facilities Services Unit’s Preparedness
Authors: Vornanen Vesa-Jukka , Takala Josu , Liu Yang
Published: October 2013

How to ensure that the various levels of the organization are operating in accordance with a common strategy? According to the Hallberg committee’s Preparedness and comprehensive security report [1] the key challenges the public sector organization faces lies in finding new ways of operating horizontally across various levels of administration. This paper aims to develop the preparedness in the target organization by strategy’s resource-based identification for implementing sustainable competitive advantages to the public sector’s management system. The research methods used are a case study and surveys, which were connected by the analytical hierarchy process based form and two sense and respond (S&R) based forms. The longitudinal data for the surveys were collected in two phases and analyzed with the balanced critical factor index method [2] and transformational leadership indexes (TLI) with technology levels [3]. The BCFI & TLI method identifies and clarifies the unit’s development and risk factors. According to [4] during the process of sense and respond, it is important to develop an operational strategy adjustment system by utilizing critical factor evaluation. As [5] describes in her dissertation if there were clear goals defined for the quality of the (public) services the natural choice of the approach in the purpose of evaluation for accountability would be the goal-attainment evaluation. The innovative findings lay the groundwork for the decision makers to focus efforts and readjust the operations of the target organization in order to achieve operational sustainable competitive advantage (OSCA).
Perceived Workplace Stress and Co-Occurrence of Health Problems and Burnout in Different Occupational Groups
Authors: Novak Tatjana , Sedlar Nataša , Šprah Lilijana
Published: October 2013

Izvleček

Izhodišča: Nekatere poklicne skupine so zaradi narave dela ranljivejše za razvoj poklicnega stresa, izgorelosti in psihofizičnih zdravstvenih težav. Cilj raziskave je bil opredeliti razlike v doživljanju poklicnega stresa ter proučiti sovpadanje zdravstvenih težav in izgorevanja pri zaposlenih v petih različnih poklicnih skupinah.

Metode: V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 258 udeležencev, zaposlenih v gradbeni, zdravstveni in v predelovalni dejavnosti, razvrščenih v poklicne skupine: delavci v proizvodnji (N=56 (20%), 56% moških), administrativno osebje (N=58 (20%), 18% moških), zdravstveni (N=65 (23%), 16% moških), tehnični (N=51(18%), 87% moških) in vodstveni kadri (N=55 (19%), 68% moških). Udeleženci so izpolnili vprašalnike o sociodemografskih značilnostih, zdravstvenih težavah, stresu na delovnem mestu (OSI) in o izgorelosti (OLBI).

Rezultati: V primerjavi z drugimi poklicnimi profili so delavci v proizvodnji in zdravstveni kadri izražali največjo stopnjo stresa na delovnem mestu. Pri zdravstvenih delavcih so prevladovali viri stresa, povezani z visokimi delovnimi zahtevami in omejeno avtonomnostjo, pri zaposlenih v proizvodnji pa izpostavljenost škodljivim okoljskim dejavnikom. Najpogostejše zdravstvene težave so bile utrujenost pri 56,9% zdravstvenih in 50% proizvodnih delavcev, glavoboli in težave z vidom pri 51,8% proizvodnih delavcih ter bolečine v kostno-mišičnem sistemu pri 48,2% proizvodnih delavcih. Pri zdravstvenih in administrativnih delavcih je bilo največ statistično pomembnih povezav med psihofizičnimi zdravstvenimi težavami in izgorelostjo. Približno desetina zaposlenih v vseh poklicnih skupinah je kazala znake visoke izgorelosti.

Zaključki: Zdravstveni kadri in delavci v proizvodnji so se v primerjavi s preostalimi poklicnimi skupinami izkazali kot ranljivejši za razvoj prekomernega stresa na delovnem mestu. Sopojavljanje zdravstvenih težav in izgorelosti je bilo najizrazitejše pri tehničnih in zdravstvenih kadrih.
Taking stock of the first 133 MERS coronavirus cases globally – Is the epidemic changing?
Authors: Penttinen P M , Kaasik-Aaslav K , Friaux A , Donachie A , Sudre B , Amato-Gauci A J , Memish Z A , Coulombier D
Published: October 2013

Since June 2012, 133 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases have been identified in nine countries. Two time periods in 2013 were compared to identify changes in the epidemiology. The case-fatality risk (CFR) is 45% and is decreasing. Men have a higher CFR (52%) and are over-represented among cases. Thirteen out of 14 known primary cases died. The sex-ratio is more balanced in the latter period. Nosocomial transmission was implied in 26% of the cases.
‘Disappointed romantics’: Troubled Heritage in the BBC's John le Carré Adaptations
Authors: Oldham Joseph
Published: October 2013

This article analyses three serialised adaptations of John le Carré novels produced by the BBC: Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1979), Smiley's People (1982) and A Perfect Spy (1987). It aims firstly to position them in the context of developments and trends during the period of the serials' production. It explores how, on the one hand, they were produced as variants on the classic serial model which aimed for a more contemporary focus and aesthetic in response to concurrent developments in British television drama, and on the other, how they have a complex and ambivalent relationship with the genre of television spy fiction. Secondly, this article builds upon this positioning of the serials to explore how the themes of le Carré’s novels are interpreted specifically for the television medium. Central to this is the issue of temporal displacement, as television's process of ‘working through’, often considered as characteristic of the medium's immediacy and ‘liveness’, is in this case delayed over many years by a cycle of continual adaptation. Here a particular narrative – the defection of Kim Philby in 1963 – resonates across three decades and is worked through in a variety of approaches, initially in the novels and subsequently reworked on television. It then examines how this manifests in the television adaptations in a contemporary heritage aesthetic which is complex and highly troubled.
Choosing Death: Working-Class Coming of Age in Contemporary British Cinema
Authors: Dave Paul
Published: October 2013

Starting with Franco Moretti's hypothesis of a relationship between the experience of modernity and the coming of age narrative in the European novel, this article explores representations of the working-class Bildung in contemporary British films that can be seen as responding to social and economic changes generally associated with neoliberalism. Contrasting the emphasis on the individual negotiation of social space in the films of Danny Boyle with work from a range of directors, including Ken Loach, Penny Woolcock, Shane Meadows and Anton Corbijn, along with recent production cycles such as the football film, the article seeks to identify representations of working-class experiences, both limiting and liberating, which mark the inherently problematic attempt to imagine a successful working-class coming of age. In doing so, the article considers the usefulness of Raymond Williams’ class-inflected account of traditions of the social bond, in particular his notion of a ‘common culture’. At the same time, it examines how such representations of working-class life often emphasise the experience of class conflict, distinguished here from class struggle, and how, formally, this emphasis can result in narratives which are marked less by what Moretti describes as the ‘novelistic’, temporising structures of the classical Bildungsroman and more by the sense of crisis and trauma found in the late Bildungsroman and modern tragedy. Ultimately, the article argues for the relevance of the long view of the social history of Britain, as a pioneer culture of capitalism, in understanding these aspects of the representation of class cultures in contemporary British film.
Masculinity, Nostalgia and Polishness in Somers Town
Authors: Rydzewska Joanna
Published: October 2013

The Office for National Statistics estimates that between December 2003 and June 2009 the Polish-born population of the United Kingdom increased from 75,000 to 503,000. These statistics provide a contextual background for Shane Meadows’ Somers Town (2008) , a film which portrays a British teenager, Tomo (Thomas Turgoose) who befriends a young Polish photographer, Marek (Piotr Jagiełło), and his father, who is a guest-worker at the King's Cross reconstruction site. This article explores the ways in which Somers Town responds to increased transnationalism and mobility (be it migration or tourism) both in its thematics and through its context of production, and explores the effects of globalisation on British working-class masculinity. In particular, this article looks at how the film offers Polish migrant working-class masculinity as a nostalgic pre-modern foil, which embodies many characteristics of the old British working class. While Meadows' films consistently suggest that British working-class fathers have been harmed irretrievably by the Thatcherite years and post-industrial decline, the working-class community of migrant workers (defined primarily by its strong work ethic) seems to offer a (mythologised) model of good fatherhood and stable masculine identity. In so doing, the film explores what Anthony Giddens calls the move from modern to late modern society, and confirms the preoccupation of Meadows' oeuvre with nostalgia.
Radical Roles for RAGE in the Pathogenesis of Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases and Beyond
Authors: Daffu Gurdip , Del Pozo Carmen , O'Shea Karen , Ananthakrishnan Radha , Ramasamy Ravichandran , Schmidt Ann
Published: October 2013

Oxidative stress is a central mechanism by which the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) mediates its pathological effects. Multiple experimental inquiries in RAGE-expressing cultured cells have demonstrated that ligand-RAGE interaction mediates generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent downstream signal transduction and regulation of gene expression. The primary mechanism by which RAGE generates oxidative stress is via activation of NADPH oxidase; amplification mechanisms in the mitochondria may further drive ROS production. Recent studies indicating that the cytoplasmic domain of RAGE binds to the formin mDia1 provide further support for the critical roles of this pathway in oxidative stress; mDia1 was required for activation of rac1 and NADPH oxidase in primary murine aortic smooth muscle cells treated with RAGE ligand S100B. In vivo, in multiple distinct disease models in animals, RAGE action generates oxidative stress and modulates cellular/tissue fate in range of disorders, such as in myocardial ischemia, atherosclerosis, and aneurysm formation. Blockade or genetic deletion of RAGE was shown to be protective in these settings. Indeed, beyond cardiovascular disease, evidence is accruing in human subjects linking levels of RAGE ligands and soluble RAGE to oxidative stress in disorders such as doxorubicin toxicity, acetaminophen toxicity, neurodegeneration, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, preeclampsia, rheumatoid arthritis and pulmonary fibrosis. Blockade of RAGE signal transduction may be a key strategy for the prevention of the deleterious consequences of oxidative stress, particularly in chronic disease.
A Visual Servoing-Based Method for ProCam Systems Calibration
Authors: Berry Francois , Aider Omar , Mosnier Jeremie
Published: October 2013

Projector-camera systems are currently used in a wide field of applications, such as 3D reconstruction and augmented reality, and can provide accurate measurements, depending on the configuration and calibration. Frequently, the calibration task is divided into two steps: camera calibration followed by projector calibration. The latter still poses certain problems that are not easy to solve, such as the difficulty in obtaining a set of 2D–3D points to compute the projection matrix between the projector and the world. Existing methods are either not sufficiently accurate or not flexible. We propose an easy and automatic method to calibrate such systems that consists in projecting a calibration pattern and superimposing it automatically on a known printed pattern. The projected pattern is provided by a virtual camera observing a virtual pattern in an OpenGL model. The projector displays what the virtual camera visualizes. Thus, the projected pattern can be controlled and superimposed on the printed one with the aid of visual servoing. Our experimental results compare favorably with those of other methods considering both usability and accuracy.
Digital Sequences and a Time Reversal-Based Impact Region Imaging and Localization Method
Authors: Qiu Lei , Yuan Shenfang , Mei Hanfei , Qian Weifeng
Published: October 2013

To reduce time and cost of damage inspection, on-line impact monitoring of aircraft composite structures is needed. A digital monitor based on an array of piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) is developed to record the impact region of impacts on-line. It is small in size, lightweight and has low power consumption, but there are two problems with the impact alarm region localization method of the digital monitor at the current stage. The first one is that the accuracy rate of the impact alarm region localization is low, especially on complex composite structures. The second problem is that the area of impact alarm region is large when a large scale structure is monitored and the number of PZTs is limited which increases the time and cost of damage inspections. To solve the two problems, an impact alarm region imaging and localization method based on digital sequences and time reversal is proposed. In this method, the frequency band of impact response signals is estimated based on the digital sequences first. Then, characteristic signals of impact response signals are constructed by sinusoidal modulation signals. Finally, the phase synthesis time reversal impact imaging method is adopted to obtain the impact region image. Depending on the image, an error ellipse is generated to give out the final impact alarm region. A validation experiment is implemented on a complex composite wing box of a real aircraft. The validation results show that the accuracy rate of impact alarm region localization is approximately 100%. The area of impact alarm region can be reduced and the number of PZTs needed to cover the same impact monitoring region is reduced by more than a half.
The comparative biomechanics of the reinforced interdental crossover and the Stout loop composite splints for mandibular fracture repair in dogs
Authors: Kitshoff A. M. , de Rooster H. , Ferreira S. M. , Burger D. , Steenkamp G.
Published: October 2013

Objectives: To describe a new technique, the reinforced interdental crossover composite splint (RIC), for transverse mandibular fracture repair in dogs. This technique was compared biomechanically with the established reinforced interdental Stout loop composite splint (RIS) technique.

Methods: Six pairs of mandibles from young adult small breed dogs were used for the study. Osteotomies were created in a standardized fashion and fixed with either RIC or RIS. All composite splint constructs were tested biomechanically with a cantilever bending force, using a single column testing machine at a rate of 2 mm/min. The time of application, amount of composite used, ultimate force, stiffness, total displacement, and total energy absorbed during displacement of the rostral mandibular segment were calculated and compared between the two groups.

Results: No significant difference was found when comparing the time of application of the RIC and the RIS techniques. All implants failed by either composite resin fracture over the region of the osteotomy or by fracture between the first and second molar followed by detachment of the resin from the lingual enamel surface of the first molar. Differences between the RIC and RIS in force (80.5 N ± 40.3 and 51.8 N ± 27.4. respectively) and stiffness (16.2 N/mm ± 4.4 and 10.1 N/mm ± 4.1 respectively) were significant (p = 0.03). However differences between the two techniques in displacement and total energy absorbed were not significant.

Clinical significance: In experimentally fractured mandibles of young adult dogs there is evidence that RIC is biomechanically similar to RIS.
Development of microsatellite markers for Isodon longitubus (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Yamashiro Tadashi , Yamashiro Asuka , Dohzono Ikumi , Maki Masayuki
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Isodon longitubus to study the natural hybridization of the species and its congeners.

• Methods and Results: A total of 10 primer sets were developed for I. longitubus. From the initial screening, all of 10 loci were polymorphic with five to 19 alleles per locus in the Mt. Ishizuchi population, whereas nine loci were polymorphic with two to 12 alleles per loci in the Toon population. Although one locus was monomorphic at one population, the observed and expected heterozygosity values estimated from 34 I. longitubus samples ranged from 0.273 to 1.000 and from 0.483 to 0.918, respectively. Six primer sets could amplify all three species examined in this study (I. inflexus, I. japonicus, and I. shikokianus).

• Conclusions: The 10 microsatellite markers developed here will be useful in analyzing the population genetic structure of I. longitubus and in studying the natural hybridization between Isodon species.
The chemistry of amine radical cations produced by visible light photoredox catalysis
Authors: Hu Jie , Wang Jiang , Nguyen Theresa H , Zheng Nan
Published: October 2013

Amine radical cations are highly useful reactive intermediates in amine synthesis. They have displayed several modes of reactivity leading to some highly sought-after synthetic intermediates including iminium ions, α-amino radicals, and distonic ions. One appealing method to access amine radical cations is through one-electron oxidation of the corresponding amines under visible light photoredox conditions. This approach and subsequent chemistries are emerging as a powerful tool in amine synthesis. This article reviews synthetic applications of amine radical cations produced by visible light photocatalysis.
REVISITING AND RETHINKING CONTEMPORARY URBAN DESIGN
Authors: Samalavicius Almantas
Published: October 2013

Urban and architectural theorist Nikos Salingaros, a professor of mathematics at Texas University, San Antonio is affiliated with departments of urbanism in several countries and has made a significant contribution to the understanding of urban planning on a human scale. His important books on various issues in urban and architectural theory are well-known to all members of the profession and academy, especially those seeking for the application of scientific principles in urbanism. Nikos Salingaros has contributed significantly to the New Athens Charter (2003) – an important yet largely neglected document providing timely guidelines for reshaping present mainstream urbanism that still remains under the spell of urban ideology coined by Le Corbusier, Giedion and legions of their followers. A critic of Corbusian doctrines as well as more recent tendencies of urbanism based on stale legacy of Modernism, Nikos Salingaros offers a different approach to the interpretation of contemporary cities and complexity of their functions. He is among those scholars and practitioners who firmly support the principles of urban design promoted by members of the movement known as New Urbanism. Our talk with Nikos Salingaros revolved around the issues of the need to reconsider and reshape our present attitudes prevailing in urbanism.
Archives
Authors: Chabin Marie-Anne
Published: October 2013

Une fâcheuse confusion affecte les règles et les exceptions qui gouvernent la publication des archives. Et l’on peut craindre que les évolutions législatives récentes n’aggravent plutôt ce défaut de transparence. Pourquoi ne pas faire enfin confiance aux gens du métier, les archivistes ?
L'Agent secret , de Joseph Conrad
Authors: Dumas Robert
Published: October 2013

Dans un Londres ténébreux à la fin du xix e siècle, un secrétaire d’ambassade incite un agent secret minable à accomplir un attentat symbolique (contre le mètre-étalon) pour pousser le gouvernement à réprimer les anarchistes réfugiés en Angleterre.
Mobile Phone Usage in Organizational Communication and Decision-Making
Authors: Xia Yun , Mao Yuping
Published: October 2013

Through individual in-depth interviews, the authors examine employees’ use of mobile phones for decision-making and internal/external communication in the China branch of a multinational company. The study shows that mobile phones are a key communication tool in the company. Voice calls are the most preferable way of mobile phone use due to their synchronous nature for instant communication and the rich verbal cues they carry. Text messaging is an unobtrusive way of business communication and it can be used as the formal documentation of business decision-making. Group text messaging turns the mobile phone into a mass communication platform for customer relationship maintenance. Contingency theory is applied to further discuss the findings, and practical recommendations are also provided.
Physics and Creative Thinking Connected by “Bit”
Authors: Pavani Silva
Published: October 2013

In this work, innovative methodologies to teach scientific matters have been put to test, aimed at recovering the those human attitudes that lies at the foundation of physics, including curiosity, ability to observe nature, and the search of explanations. Observations made during the experimentations can then be discussed together by the students and finally organized according to a layout to highlight logical connections. Through the new didactical path, personal motivations and inward reflection on one’s own ability to learn are encouraged, and the student is lead to gain skills for more effective study and to master memorization techniques. The mythology has been here put into practice in the first level at high school, also exploiting internet and multimedia facilities.
Developing a Web Application for the Integration of Real-World, Scientific, Problem-Solving into the Secondary Classroom
Authors: Gill Susan E. , Marcum-Dietrich Nanette I. , Fraser John
Published: October 2013

In the 21st century, digital natives, born into a world of omnipresent technology, spend much of their lives online. However, many teachers still see the use of educational technologies as a challenge (e.g., Ertmer, 2005; Li, 2007). The authors propose that the familiarity and ubiquity of these media offer a valuable way to engage students in meaningful learning. In the last decade, the National Science Foundation has invested heavily in bringing technology into the K-12 classroom by funding an array of cyberlearning applications to investigate how they can transform student learning. Model My Watershed is one of those experimental platforms that integrates online learning with an understanding of the physical world within an interdisciplinary framework. This case study documents the development of this application from concept through implementation and beyond. It provides insights into the challenges of application design and deployment for those entering the world of cyberlearning design.
Service-Oriented Reference Architecture for Digital Library Systems
Authors: Palanivel K. , Kuppuswami S.
Published: October 2013

Developing and maintaining Digital Libraries requires substantial investments that are not simply a matter of technological decisions but also organizational issues. While digital libraries hold plenty of promise both now and for the future, they have been slow in taking off. Some digital libraries have either been completely abandoned or they have been put on hold indefinitely. One of the reasons for this predicament is that developers of digital libraries have approached their implementation the same traditional way of building applications, which is also akin to how structures of physical information organizations are built. Digital Libraries with their universal functionality may be even more flexible and reusable, if designed in a service-oriented manner. Such design should allow decreasing the effort of the creation of new digital libraries and the maintenance and scaling of currently existing large installations. Service-oriented architecture offers a better approach to building digital libraries, including streamlining business components, employing reusable services and connecting existing applications to communicate efficiently. The SOA is still a fairly new concept in DL systems. This chapter investigates the applicability of SOA as a fundamental architecture within the system. Its objective is to design a Service-Oriented Architecture for Digital Library System (DLS) using Web Service technology. SORADLS includes different layers which provide primitive services to the library applications built on top of the DLS. DLS techniques of personalization, alert, and caching build SORADLS as services. This architecture provides a fast, safe, convenient, and efficient service to users connected through the Internet.
Evidential Reasoning-Based Evaluation of Services
Authors: Huynh Van Nam , Doan Minh Chau , Kosaka Michitaka , Nakamori Yoshiteru
Published: October 2013

Evaluation of services plays an important role in the pre-negotiation process for negotiations over services between autonomous agents. Typically, the service evaluation problem can be regarded as multi-attribute decision making, possibly with uncertainty. This chapter first presents an overview on some decision models, which have been used for evaluating service offers in negotiations, and then discusses the issue of handling uncertainty and imprecision in the service evaluation process by a combined approach for evaluation in order to provide decision support in the pre-negotiation process. Finally, the chapter introduces an evidential reasoning-based model for evaluation of services illustrated by a numerical example.
Medical Practical Knowledge Circulation Based on Purpose-Oriented Service Modeling
Authors: Ogawa Taisuke , Ikeda Mitsuru , Suzuki Muneou , Araki Kenji
Published: October 2013

This chapter presents a method of obtaining practical medical knowledge toward supporting on-the-job training that is related to the quality of medical service implementations or service-providing activities from medical experts in clinical-pathway design activities. First, an interview methodology for the acquisition of practical knowledge is presented based on goal-oriented service task modeling. Next, a method of externalizing the intentions of medical service designers is described.
Foundations of Open Semantic Service Networks
Authors: Cardoso Jorge , Pedrinaci Carlos , Leidig Torsten , Rupino Paulo , De Leenheer Pieter
Published: October 2013

This article provides the foundations for the new field of research coined Service Networks research. Understanding what factors explain the structure and dynamics of global service networks may lead to a more efficient and balanced society and economy. The concept of service network is formally represented as a business structure made up of services systems which are nodes connected by one or more specific types of relationships. They can be used to represent the global economy, i.e. a complex network composed of national economies, which are themselves networks of markets, and markets are also networks of providers, brokers, intermediaries, and consumers. The authors’ key challenge consists in developing a novel perspective on socio-economic dynamics by connecting service models representing service systems (e.g. consulting, governmental, and educational services). Theories to be developed will enable to understand, describe, explain, analyze, predict, and control the evolution of global service networks..
Enhanced Atherosclerosis in TIPE2-Deficient Mice Is Associated with Increased Macrophage Responses to Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein
Authors: Lou Yunwei , Liu Suxia , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Guizhong , Li Jingjing , Ni Mei , An Guipeng , Dong Mei , Liu Xiaoling , Zhu Faliang , Zhang Wenqian , Gao Fei , Chen Youhai H. , Zhang Yun
Published: October 2013

Atherosclerosis has been widely recognized as an inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which macrophages play a major role. Yet, how macrophage-mediated pathology is regulated during atherosclerosis is poorly understood. TNF-α–induced protein 8–like 2 (TIPE2, also known as TNFAIP8L2) is highly expressed in resting macrophages and can negatively regulate inflammation through inhibiting immune receptor signaling. We report in this article that TIPE2 plays a crucial atheroprotective role likely by regulating macrophage responses to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). TIPE2-deficient macrophages treated with ox-LDL produced more oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, and exhibited heightened activation of the JNK, NF-κB, and p38 signaling pathways. As a consequence, TIPE2 deficiency in bone marrow–derived cells exacerbated atherosclerosis development in Ldlr−/− mice fed a high-fat diet. Importantly, ox-LDL markedly downregulated TIPE2 mRNA and protein levels in macrophages, suggesting that ox-LDL mediates atherosclerosis by TIPE2 inhibition. These results indicate that TIPE2 is a new inhibitor of atherosclerosis and a potential drug target for treating the disease.
A magnetotelluric survey and preliminary geophysical inversion and visualization of the NICO IOCG deposit, Northwest Territories
Authors: Craven J A , Roberts B J , Hayward N , Stefanescu M , Corriveau L
Published: October 2013

To improve our understanding of the NICO deposit and Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold (IOCG) deposits in general we conducted both a regional-scale (10's km) and mine-scale (a few km) magnetotelluric (MT) study at the NICO deposit in the summer of 2010. An MT study
involves the measurement, along a profile or on a grid, of variations in the natural magnetic field and correlated changes in voltages in the ground due to so-called "telluric" currents. The data collected enable a view of the electrical resistivity structure from the surface to the depth of the
mantle. The survey itself is relatively easy to conduct, requiring a crew of only 2 or 3 persons due to the simplicity of installing the receiver equipment and the fact that no artificial or man-made energy source needs to be installed. The purpose of the MT survey is twofold. The first is to test
the IOCG exploration model proposed by Corriveau et al (2010). The Corriveau et al alteration vector-to-mineralisation model enables effective exploration in a geologically complex region by providing a framework to understand the spatial and temporal relationships amongst the alteration products
associated with the mineralization event (Corriveau et al., 2010). The model can be treated as a scientific hypothesis and tested. For example, Potter et al. (2013) have successfully tested the validity of the model to vector towards ore at the Fab lake showing. A fundamental result of Potter et al.
(2012) is their demonstration that the model provides sufficient detail and tools that can be used by others to explore for ore. In this paper we test the spatial associations predicted by the model using geophysical methods due to the unique geophysical signatures alteration products in the model
suggests. For example, sulphides should be conductive, but not magnetic. Magnetite should be magnetic, but not conductive. The second purpose of the MT work is more regional in nature. Regional MT studies (Heinson et al, 2006) and isotope studies at the Olympic Dam deposit (Johnson and McCulloch,
1995) have suggested a mantle source for mineralizing fluids. Seismic surveys (Drummond et al., 2006) support this notion by suggesting that deep faults or conduits beneath Olympic Dam permit mantle fluids access to the uppermost portions of the lithosphere. In addition, at Olympic Dam, the
lithospheric architecture includes tapering out of an Archean lithospheric root, the extremity of which is directly under Olympic Dam (cf. Drummond et al., 2006; Cook et al., 1998; Snyder, 2008; Spratt et al., 2009). Whether similar roots and deep-seated conduits exist beneath the NICO deposit, and
if there is evidence for large-scale fluid movement along them are key questions a regional MT survey can address.
Glyphosate-resistant Canada fleabane [Conyza canadensis (L). Cronq.]: Dose response to glyphosate and control with postemergence herbicides in soybean in Ontario
Authors: Byker Holly P. , Soltani Nader , Robinson Darren E. , Tardif François J. , Lawton Mark B. , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: October 2013

Byker, H. P., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Tardif, F. J., Lawton, M. B. and Sikkema, P. H. 2013. Glyphosate-resistant Canada fleabane [ Conyza canadensis (L). Cronq.]: Dose response to glyphosate and control with postemergence herbicides in soybean in Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1187–1193. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Canada fleabane was first reported in Ontario in 2010. Twelve field studies were conducted over a 2-yr period (2011, 2012) to determine the biologically effective dose of glyphosate in the field and to determine the efficacy of postemergence herbicides for control of GR Canada fleabane. A dose between 1271 and 5652 g a.e. ha−1 was required for a 50% reduction in Canada fleabane biomass depending on site and year. To achieve acceptable (>95%) control with glyphosate, 18 840 to 43 200 g a.e. ha−1 of glyphosate was required across all sites. Therefore application of glyphosate at these doses for acceptable (>95%) control is not economical. None of the postemergence herbicides labeled for use in soybean provided acceptable (>95%) control, with cloransulam providing the greatest control (67%) 4 wk after application. Therefore, GR Canada fleabane must be controlled prior to soybean emergence as current herbicides registered in soybean for postemergence use do not provide sufficient control to prevent soybean yield loss.