bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age dependent contribution of entry via the CSF to the overall brain entry of small and large hydrophilic markers
Authors: Qiu Fiona , Huang Yifan , Saunders Norman R. , Habgood Mark D. , Dziegielewska Katarzyna M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Apparent permeability of the blood brain barrier to hydrophilic markers has been shown to be higher in the developing brain. Apart from synthesis in situ, any substance detected in the brain parenchyma can originate from two sources: directly through blood vessels of brain vasculature and/or indirectly by entry from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after transfer across the choroid plexuses. The relative quantitative contribution of these two routes to the overall brain entry remains unclear.

Methods

In rats at embryonic day 16, 19 and postnatal day 4 and young adults, a small (sucrose, mw. 342 Da) or a large (dextran, mw. 70 kDa) radiolabelled hydrophilic marker was injected intravenously for very short periods of time (30 s to 5 min) before collection of plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain samples. Results are presented as concentration ratios between radioactivity measured in CSF or brain and that in plasma (%).

Results

The dextran brain/plasma ratio five minutes post injection was similar (2–4%) from E16 to adulthood whereas the sucrose brain/plasma ratio was significantly higher in fetal brains, but was comparable to dextran values in the adult. Sucrose CSF/plasma ratios were also significantly higher in fetal animals and decreased with age. In very short experiments involving fetal animals, entry of sucrose into the CSF after only 30 s was similar to that of dextran and both markers showed similar brain/plasma ratios.

Conclusions

In the developing brain the apparent higher brain entry of a small hydrophilic marker such as sucrose can be attributed to its higher entry into the CSF and subsequent diffusion into the brain. By contrast, movement of a larger marker like 70 kDa dextran is restricted firstly by choroid plexus epithelial tight junctions and secondly by specialised junctions in the neuroependymal interface between the CSF and brain. Brain/plasma ratios of 70 kDa dextran were similar in fetal and adult rats. Therefore 70 kDa dextran should be considered an appropriate marker if brain residual vascular space is to be measured, especially in younger animals.
Effects of a 9-weeks arch support intervention on foot morphology in young soccer players: a crossover study
Authors: Hikawa Kohei , Tsutsui Toshiharu , Ueyama Takehiro , Yang Jin , Hara Yukina , Torii Suguru
Published: November 2022

Background

A flat foot is a common cause of chronic sports injuries and therefore many opportunities for arch support interventions exist. However, young athletes change their foot morphology due to developmental influences even without intervention. Therefore, developmental influences need to be considered when examining the effects of arch support, but there have not been sufficient longitudinal studies to date. This study aimed to determine the effect of the arch support intervention by performing a 9-weeks arch support intervention on the foot morphology and cross-sectional area of the foot muscles in flat-footed young athletes. Thirty-one elementary school boys (Age 11.4 ± 0.5 years, Height 145.2 ± 7.4 cm, Weight 38.8 ± 8.3 kg, BMI 18.2 ± 2.2 kg/m2) with a decreased medial longitudinal arch in the foot posture index were selected as participants from a local soccer club and randomly divided into two groups.

Methods

In one group, in the intervention period, an existing arch supporter was used to provide arch support, while in the other group, no special intervention was provided in the observation period. To account for developmental effects, the intervention study was conducted as an 18-weeks crossover study in which the intervention and observational phases were switched at 9 weeks after the intervention. Foot morphology was assessed using a three-dimensional foot measuring machine, and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the internal and external muscles of the foot was assessed using an ultrasound imaging device. We examined the effect of the intervention by comparing the amount of change in the measurement results between the intervention and observation periods using corresponding t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test, analysis of covariance methods.

Results

After adapting the exclusion criteria, 14 patients (28 feet) were included in the final analysis. The CSA of the abductor hallucis muscle (ABH) increased 9.7% during the intervention period and 3.0% during the observation period (p = 0.01). The CSA of the flexor digitorum longus muscle (FDL) increased 7.7% during the intervention period and 4.2% during the observation period (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

A 9-weeks arch supporter intervention may promote the development of the ABH and FDL CSA in young flat-footed soccer players.
Dietary organic acids ameliorate high stocking density stress-induced intestinal inflammation through the restoration of intestinal microbiota in broilers
Authors: Dai Dong , Qi Guanghai , Wang Jing , Zhang Haijun , Qiu Kai , Han Yanming , Wu Yuanyuan , Wu Shugeng
Published: November 2022

Background

High stocking density (HSD) stress has detrimental effects on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and intestinal microbiota in intensive animal production. Organic acids (OA) are widely used as feed additives for their ability to improve growth performance and intestinal health in poultry. However, whether dietary OA can ameliorate HSD stress-induced impaired intestinal barrier in broilers remains elusive. In this study, a total of 528 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 12 replicates per treatment including 10 birds for normal stocking density and 17 birds for HSD. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) Normal stocking density + basal diet; 2) HSD + basal diets; 3) HSD + OA.

Results

HSD stress can induce increased levels of serum corticosterone, lipopolysaccharides, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and down-regulated mRNA expression of ZO-1, resulting in compromised growth performance of broilers (P < 0.05). Dietary OA could significantly reduce levels of serum corticosterone, lipopolysaccharides, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, which were accompanied by up-regulated interleukin-10, mRNA expression of ZO-1, and growth performance (P < 0.05). Moreover, OA could down-regulate the mRNA expression of TLR4 and MyD88 to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Additionally, HSD stress significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and disturbed the balance of microbial ecosystems, whereas OA significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and restored the disordered gut microbiota by reducing competitive and exploitative interactions in microbial communities (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, OA significantly increased the content of acetic and butyric acids, which showed significant correlations with intestinal inflammation indicators (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Dietary OA ameliorated intestinal inflammation and growth performance of broilers through restoring the disordered gut microbial compositions and interactions induced by HSD and elevating short-chain fatty acid production to inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings demonstrated the critical role of intestinal microbiota in mediating the HSD-induced inflammatory responses, contributing to exploring nutritional strategies to alleviate HSD-induced stress in animals.
Eating disorder psychopathology and negative affect in Iranian college students: a network analysis
Authors: Sahlan Reza N. , Sala Margaret
Published: November 2022

Background

ED psychopathology is becoming more prevalent in Iran. Negative affect has been found to be an important risk factor in eating disorder (ED) onset in research conducted in Western countries, and is also emerging as a potential vulnerability factor to ED psychopathology in Iran. Network theory offers a novel framework to understand the association between negative affect and ED psychopathology in Iran. The primary aim of the current study was to use network analysis to identify bridge symptoms (i.e., symptoms that activate or weaken symptoms in another cluster) across a negative affect and ED psychopathology network among Iranian college students. We also aimed to identify core symptoms (i.e., nodes that demonstrate the strongest connections to other nodes).

Method

Participants were Iranian college students (n = 637; 60.3% women) who completed the Farsi-eating disorder examination-questionnaire and Farsi-negative affect. We estimated a network of ED symptoms and negative affective states and identified bridge and central symptoms.

Results

Hostility and shame emerged as central bridge symptoms across the negative affect and ED psychopathology clusters. The most central nodes were strong desire to lose weight, definite fear of losing control over eating, and binge eating episodes.

Conclusion

The negative affective states of hostility and shame may increase vulnerability to ED psychopathology among Iranian college students. Findings have important implications for ED prevention programs that should be examined in future research.
Metabolites, elemental profile and chemical activities of Pinus strobus high temperature-derived pyroligneous acid
Authors: Ofoe Raphael , Gunupuru Lokanadha R. , Abbey Lord
Published: November 2022

Background

Pyroligneous acid (PA) is an aqueous smoky fraction produced during pyrolysis of biomass. The chemical composition of PA from different plant biomass has been studied, but reports on PA metabolites and elemental profiles are rare. In this study, we examined the metabolites, elemental profiles and the associated chemical activities of PA derived from white pine (Pinus strobus) at 1100 °C compared to similar work done elsewhere using different biomass at lower temperatures.

Results

PA fromP. strobusbiomass exhibited a lower electrical conductivity (2.05 mS/cm), salinity (1.03 g/L) and total dissolved solids (1.42 g/L) but higheroBrix content (9.35 ± 0.06) compared to PA from other feedstock. TheP. strobusPA showed a higher antioxidant activity characterized by enhanced radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free-radical (78.52%) and accumulation of higher total phenolic (95.81 ± 1.45 gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/mL) and flavonoid content (49.46 µg quercetin/mL). Metabolite profiling by direct injection mass spectrometry with a reverse-phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (DI/LC–MS/MS) identified a total of 156 metabolites. Four (4) main groups including organic acids (90.87%), hexose (8.60%), carnitine (0.3%) and phospholipids (0.24%) were found in the PA. Mineral element analysis revealed that theP. strobusPA contained high concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn), while the content of sodium (Na) and trace/heavy metals were present at levels below the reported limit.

Conclusion

This study indicates thatP. strobusPA is a valuable product that can be used in agriculture to improve plant growth and productivity under normal and environmentally stressful conditions.

Graphical Abstract
One-step immunoassay based on switching peptides for analyzing ochratoxin A in wines
Authors: Kim Tae-Hun , Bong Ji-Hong , Kim Hong-Rae , Shim Won-Bo , Kang Min-Jung , Pyun Jae-Chul
Published: November 2022

A one-step immunoassay is presented for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) using an antibody complex with switching peptides. Because the switching peptides (fluorescence-labeled) were able to bind the frame region of antibodies (IgGs), they were dissociated from antibodies immediately when target analytes were bound to the binding pockets of antibodies. From the fluorescence signal measurements of switching peptides, a quantitative analysis of target analytes, via a one-step immunoassay without any washing steps, could be performed. As the first step, the binding constant (KD) of OTA to the antibodies was estimated under the continuous flow conditions of a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Then, the optimal switching peptide, among four types of switching peptides, and the reaction condition for complex formation with the switching peptide were determined for the one-step immunoassay for OTA analysis. Additionally, the selectivity test of one-step immunoassay for OTA was carried out in comparison with phenylalanine and zearalenone. For the application to the one-step immunoassay to detect OTA in wines, two types of sample pre-treatment methods were compared: (1) a liquid extraction was carried out using chloroform as a solvent with subsequent resuspension in phosphate-buffered saline (total analysis time < 1 h); (2) direct dilution of the wine sample (total analysis time < 0.5 h). Finally, the direct dilution method was found to be effective for the one-step immunoassay based on the switching peptide assay for OTA in wines with a markedly improved total analysis time (< 0.5 h). Additionally, the assay results were compared with commercial lateral flow immunoassay.
Multi-layer internal limiting membrane plug technique for management of large full-thickness macular holes
Authors: El Rayes Ehab N , Leila Mahmoud , Stavrakas Panagiotis
Published: November 2022

Background

To evaluate the efficacy of the multi-layer internal limiting membrane plug (MIP) technique in promoting the closure of large full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) and improvement of visual function.

Methods

A prospective interventional non-comparative consecutive case series including patients with surgically naïve large FTMH whether primary or secondary. All macular holes were > 400 µm. All patients had 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), MIP technique, and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) 20% gas tamponade. The main outcome measures were the closure of the hole, improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and detection of complications that might develop due to surgery.

Results

The study included 15 eyes of 15 patients. The mean age was 44 years (range 10–68; SD 21.5). Primary FTMH constituted 53% of cases. The mean pre-operative minimum linear diameter (MLD) was 702 µm (range 401–1068 µm; SD 154). The mean duration of the macular hole was 6 months (range 1–24; SD 6). The mean pre-operative BCVA was 0.06 decimal units (range 0.01–0.1; SD 0.03). Post-operatively, the macular hole was closed in all patients. U- and V- type closure developed in 93% and 7% of patients, respectively. None of the patients developed W-type closure. Post-operatively, the mean post-operative BCVA was 0.2 decimal units (range 0.05–0.5; SD 0.1). The mean improvement was 5 lines of vision. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 4 months (range 1–10; SD 2.5). None of the patients developed complications attributed to the surgical technique described.

Conclusion

MIP technique is effective in promoting macular hole closure and improvement of visual function in large FTMH.
Minimally invasive surgical techniques in patients with intractable epilepsy with CT-guided stereotactic cryoablation as a superior alternative: a systematic review
Authors: Patil Arun Angelo , de Joya Jared
Published: November 2022

Background

Stereotactic cryoablation is a minimally invasive surgical technique that has been used to treat disorders of the brain in the past; however, in current practice, it is primarily used for the treatment of liver, kidney, lung, prostate, and breast neoplasms. In this paper, currently used surgical methods to treat medically refractory seizure disorder are reviewed, and a case is made for the use of stereotactic cryoablation.

Main body

Anterior temporal lobectomy is the gold standard for temporal. There are also several variations of this procedure. Since this is a resective surgery, it can result in neurological defects. To obviate this problem, minimally invasive surgical techniques such as radio frequency ablation and laser interstitial thermal therapy are currently being used for intracranial targets. Cryoablation offers certain advantages over thermal ablations. Cryoablation studies in brain, renal, breast, and other neoplasms have shown that cryoablation has superior abilities to monitor the ablation zone in real time via computerized tomography imaging and also has the capability to create lesions of both smaller and larger sizes. This allows for safer and more effective tumor destruction.

Short conclusion

Based on the review, the authors conclude that further investigation of the use of stereotactic cryoablation in patients with medically intractable epilepsy is needed.
Implementing proposed reforms of the Mental Health Act for people with intellectual disability and autism: the perspective of multidisciplinary professionals in intellectual disability teams
Authors: Velani Bharat , Sawhney Indermeet , Alexander Regi T. , Shardlow Sophie , Zia Asif
Published: November 2022

Background

A recent government white paper sets out proposals for reforms to the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA). Some of these proposals affect people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism.

Aims

To explore both positive and unintended negative effects of the proposed reforms by gathering the perspectives of healthcare workers from multiple disciplines, working with intellectual disability and/or autism in community and in-patient settings.

Method

A 14-question electronic questionnaire, comprising free-text, multiple choice and five-point Likert scale responses, was sent out via email between April and July 2021, to all multidisciplinary team professionals working in specialist intellectual disability community and in-patient teams in Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust.

Results

There were 45 responders, of whom 53% worked in in-patient settings and 47% in out-patient teams. Respondents comprised healthcare professionals from multiple disciplines, 80% of which were non-medical. Most responders agreed with the general principles of the proposed reforms. However, 80% felt there would be potentially unintended consequences, and 76% thought that substantial investment in community services was required in advance of the proposed reforms.

Conclusions

The proposed MHA reforms may have unintended consequences for people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism. The findings of this study raised key concerns that need to be explored further and addressed before the MHA reforms are implemented. These include community provision, safeguards and use of the Mental Capacity Act, the potential for under or overdiagnosis of mental illness, and effects associated with the criminal justice system.
Exclusion Tests in Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism (ExcluPA) Study
Authors: Zhu Rui , Shagjaa Tungalagtamir , Rossitto Giacomo , Caroccia Brasilina , Seccia Teresa Maria , Gregori Dario , Rossi Gian Paolo
Published: November 2022

Context

Determining the diagnostic accuracy of “exclusion” tests for primary aldosteronism (PA) compared to the aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) is fundamental to avoid invasive subtyping in false-positive patients at screening.

Objective

To assess the accuracy of exclusion tests for PA using the diagnosis of unilateral PA as reference.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published from January 1, 1970, to December 31, 2021, meeting tight quality criteria. Data were extracted following the PRISMA methodology. We performed a two-stage meta-analysis that entailed an exploratory and a validation phase based on a “golden” or “gold” diagnostic standard, respectively. Pooled specificity, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary area under the ROC curve (sAUROC) were calculated to analyze the accuracy of exclusion tests.

Results

A meta-analysis of 31 datasets comprising a total of 4242 patients fulfilling the predefined inclusion criteria found that pooled accuracy estimates (sAUROC) did not differ between the ARR (0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98), the captopril challenge test (CCT) (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.97), and the saline infusion test (SIT) (0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99). Solid information could not be obtained for the fludrocortisone suppression test and the furosemide upright test, which were assessed in only 1 study each.

Conclusion

The apparently high diagnostic accuracy of the CCT and the SIT was due to the selection of patients with an elevated ARR and thus a high pretest probability of unilateral PA; however, neither test furnished a diagnostic gain over the ARR. Therefore, the systematic use of these exclusion tests in clinical practice is not justified by available evidence.
Causal Associations Between Age at Diagnosis of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Ye Chaojie , Kong Lijie , Wang Yiying , Lin Hong , Wang Shuangyuan , Zhao Zhiyun , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Lu Jieli , Chen Yuhong , Xu Min , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Bi Yufang , Wang Tiange
Published: November 2022

Context

Whether diabetes diagnosed at different age groups is causally associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is unknown.

Objective

We conducted 2-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate the causal associations of diabetes by age at diagnosis with 5 type-specific CVDs and 11 cardiometabolic traits.

Methods

We selected 208 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for diabetes and 3, 21, 57, and 14 SNPs for diabetes diagnosed at <50, 50-60, 60-70, and >70 years, respectively, based on the genome-wide association study (GWASs) (24 986 cases/187 130 controls) in the UK Biobank, and extracted genetic associations with stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and CVD mortality, as well as blood pressures, adiposity measurements, and lipids and apolipoproteins from corresponding European-descent GWASs. The inverse variance-weighted method was used as the main analysis with several sensitivity analyses.

Results

Diabetes diagnosed at all 4 age groups was causally associated with increased risks of stroke (5-8%) and myocardial infarction (8-10%), higher systolic blood pressure (0.56-0.94 mmHg) and waist to hip ratio (0.003-0.004), and lower body mass index (0.31-0.42 kg/m2), waist circumference (0.68-0.99 cm), and hip circumference (0.57-0.80 cm). Diabetes diagnosed at specific age groups was causally associated with increased risks of heart failure (4%) and CVD mortality (8%), higher diastolic blood pressure (0.20 mmHg) and triglycerides (0.06 SD), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.02 mmol/L). The effect sizes of genetically determined diabetes on CVD subtypes and cardiometabolic traits were comparable and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals largely overlapped across the 4 age groups.

Conclusion

Our findings provide novel evidence that genetically determined diabetes subgroups by age at diagnosis have similar causal effects on CVD and cardiometabolic risks.
Circulating Bile Acids as Biomarkers for Disease Diagnosis and Prevention
Authors: Qi Li , Chen Yongsheng
Published: November 2022

Context

Bile acids (BAs) are pivotal signaling molecules that regulate energy metabolism and inflammation. Recent epidemiological studies have reported specific alterations in circulating BA profiles in certain disease states, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and Alzheimer disease (AD). In the past decade, breakthroughs have been made regarding the translation of BA profiling into clinical use for disease prediction. In this review, we summarize and synthesize recent data on variation in circulating BA profiles in patients with various diseases to evaluate the value of these biomarkers in human plasma for early diagnosis.

Evidence Acquisition

This review is based on a collection of primary and review literature gathered from a PubMed search for BAs, obesity, T2DM, insulin resistance (IR), NAFLD, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), colon cancer, and AD, among other keywords.

Evidence Synthesis

Individuals with obesity, T2DM, HCC, CCA, or AD showed specific alterations in circulating BA profiles. These alterations may have existed long before the initial diagnosis of these diseases. The intricate relationship between obesity, IR, and NAFLD complicates the establishment of clear and independent associations between BA profiles and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Alterations in the levels of total BAs and several BA species were seen across the entire spectrum of NAFLD, demonstrating significant increases with the worsening of histological features.

Conclusions

Aberrant circulating BA profiles are an early event in the onset and progression of obesity, T2DM, HCC, and AD. The pleiotropic effects of BAs explain these broad connections. Circulating BA profiles could provide a basis for the development of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prevention of a wide range of diseases.
Afro-Gothic
Authors: Cooksey Sybil Newton , Thomas Tashima
Published: November 2022

The introduction presents Afro-Gothic as an aesthetic and theoretical framework for understanding the various works in the special issue, which includes essays, interviews, a playlist, and a roundtable. Taking up Cauleen Smith's Crow Requiem (2015) as its point of departure, the authors discuss how the experimental video illustrates Afro-Gothic sensibilities in its allegorizing the ambient feeling of precarious and collective vulnerability to gratuitous violence that characterizes our everyday. The introduction considers how theoretical formulations of Afro-Gothic as mood (Leila Taylor) and aesthetic tool (Kobena Mercer) are especially relevant to the present study before moving on to summarize the contents of the issue. Rather than argue for the originality or definitiveness of this work, the authors propose this special issue as a contribution to a growing body of exciting scholarship by authors in the burgeoning field of black Gothic studies.
Age-related decrease in appetitive associative memory in fruit flies
Authors: König Christian , Gerber Bertram
Published: November 2022

Memory scores are dynamic across developmental stages. In particular, memory scores typically decrease from late adolescence into old age, reflecting complex changes in mnemonic and sensory-motor faculties, metabolic and motivational changes, and changes in cognitive strategy as well. In Drosophila melanogaster, such age-related decreases in memory scores have been studied intensely for the association of odours with electric shock punishment. We report that odour–sucrose reward memory scores likewise decrease as the flies age. This was observed after one-trial and after two-trial conditioning, and for both immediate testing and recall tests 1 day later. This decrease was particularly pronounced in relatively young animals, in the first 2–3 weeks after adult hatching, and was more pronounced in female than in male flies.
Low power, less occupying area, and improved speed of a 4-bit router/rerouter circuit for low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoders
Authors: Senthilpari Chinnaiyan , Deena Rosalind , Lini Lee
Published: November 2022

Background: Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are more error-resistant than other forward error-correcting codes. Existing circuits give high power dissipation, less speed, and more occupying area. This work aimed to propose a better design and performance circuit, even in the presence of noise in the channel.

Methods: In this research, the design of the multiplexer and demultiplexer were achieved using pass transistor logic. The target parameters were low power dissipation, improved throughput, and more negligible delay with a minimum area. One of the essential connecting circuits in a decoShder architecture is a multiplexer (MUX) and a demultiplexer (DEMUX) circuit. The design of the MUX and DEMUX contributes significantly to the performance of the decoder. The aim of this paper was the design of a 4 × 1 MUX to route the data bits received from the bit update blocks to the parallel adder circuits and a 1 × 4 DEMUX to receive the input bits from the parallel adder and distribute the output to the bit update blocks in a layered architecture LDPC decoder. The design uses pass transistor logic and achieves the reduction of the number of transistors used. The proposed circuit was designed using the Mentor Graphics CAD tool for 180 nm technology.

Results: The parameters of power dissipation, area, and delay were considered crucial parameters for a low power decoder. The circuits were simulated using computer-aided design (CAD) tools, and the results depicted a significantly low power dissipation of 7.06 nW and 5.16 nW for the multiplexer and demultiplexer, respectively. The delay was found to be 100.5 ns (MUX) and 80 ns (DEMUX).

Conclusion: This decoder’s potential use may be in low-power communication circuits such as handheld devices and Internet of Things (IoT) circuits.
ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHUMYSH RIVER)
Authors: Slazhneva Svetlana S. , Kozyreva Yulia V. , Мaurer Мikhail А.
Published: November 2022

The surface water pollution issue is urgent as it is the most extensive issue. Large-scale pollution of the environment causes damage to rivers, lakes, water reservoirs, and soils. Pollutants and products of their transformations sooner or later come from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth. Issues of clean water and protection of aquatic ecosystems become increasingly acute as the historical development of society develops. Furthermore, the influence of scientific and technological progress on nature rapidly increases. Currently, there is a unified criterion for assessing water quality is the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of substances contained in it in the Russian Federation. The Chumysh River flows in the Kemerovo Region and Altai Krai and is a tributary of the Ob River. The Chumysh River has a length of 644 km and a basin area of 23,900 square km. The assessment of the surface water quality of the Chumysh River is carried out based on data processing of the Roshydromet Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russia, which is located on the studied water object near the city of Zarinsk. The primary research goal is to assess the quality of surface waters of the Chumysh River in Zarinsk and Talmenka urban-type settlement. During the study period (nine years), the authors have identified the elements as the primary substances that have provided the most critical contribution to pollution. A comprehensive assessment has been carried out for these substances, and the substances that provide the most significant contribution to surface water pollution are selected based on the product of the points. This factor is of great importance for developing the measures that aim at their purification and planning the future use of the Chumysh River waters.
Does the distribution of income between labor and capital affect economic growth?
Authors: Basovskaya Elena , Basovskiy Leonid
Published: November 2022

The work is devoted to obtaining quantitative estimates of the impact of the dis-tribution of income between labor and capital on the rate of economic growth in the modern world. We used UN data on a set of European countries, post-Soviet countries, Israel, Canada, the USA and Turkey. To assess the impact of the distribution of income between labor and capital on economic growth rates, linear econometric models of the dependence of economic growth rates on the share of labor force in GDP by years of the period from 2007 to 2019 built. The obtained results showed that the relationship between the rates of economic growth and the share of labor force in GDP in the mod-ern world is not significant, the influence of the share of labor force in GDP on econom-ic growth is negative, but declining obliquely, in recent years it has become insignificant. it can be expected that in the 2020s this influence may become positive. Outpacing wage growth rates can help increase labor productivity and accelerate economic growth in the transition to a post-industrial economy.
The development features of the monoprofiled towns with the chemistry specialty
Authors: Lomovcev D. , Kizimov M. , Vinichenko A. , Lomovceva S.
Published: November 2022

The article is dedicated to the focal problems of the monotowns development, where chemical enterprises are located. The Tula and Tatarstan regional experience of the chemical industry supporting is investigated. The authors explore the domestic in-dustry tendencies and suggest the directions of the state policy improvement in the en-suring of the socio-economic monotowns stability.
Features of Contracting Works for Demolition and Dismantling of Real Estate in the Northern Regions of Russia
Authors: Gudimenko G. , Dorofeeva V.
Published: November 2022

In the northern regions of the Russian Federation, there are many various abandoned civilian and military facilities. In the middle of the last century, in the process of developing the territories of the Far North and the Arctic Circle, facilities were built, which at the end of the 20th century were simply abandoned, military facilities, fishing villages, trading posts were abandoned. Currently, interest in the north is being renewed, a small part of the objects is being restored, but most of the objects have lost their relevance, their restoration is practically meaningless, they are subject to demolition and dismantling. This has led to a significant increase in requests for state contracts for demolition and dismantling of real estate in the northern regions of Russia. However, many of them do not find performers, which is due to the peculiarities of the implementation of contracts in the regions of the North. The authors identified these features and suggested ways to improve the contracting system in the area under study.
Russian Automotive Industry in the Modern Real World — Threats and Opportunities for Sanctions
Authors: Saberi Behzad , Paleev D.
Published: November 2022

The introduction of economic sanctions affected most sectors of the Russian economy. Particularly affected was the automotive industry, where the departure of foreign firms caused an unprecedented drop in production. In an effort to prevent crisis effects in related sectors, the state is forced to take countermeasures, but there are no clear plans for the further development of the automotive industry yet. The current situation is not yet perceived as a final break with the usual foreign partners. The deteriorating economic situation in the world and the interest of European firms in cooperation with Russia leaves hopes for the easing of sanctions and the restoration of the previous conditions of activity. Sanctions are perceived primarily as a threat, although in reality they open up new opportunities for the revival of the national technologically independent auto industry. However, in practice, the realization of such opportunities requires the organization of complex long-term intersectoral planning and the development of industrial international cooperation with friendly countries on new principles.
„Pamiątka z bratania się...” Fotograficzna dokumentacja fenomenu	fraternizacji na froncie wschodnim I wojny światowej w 1917/18 roku
Authors: Mieczkowski Rafał
Published: November 2022

In year 1917 the Russian war effort was heavily affected by the outbreak of the revolution(s) and the events that followed. Having lost faith in their own commanders, the common Russian soldier has become especially vulnerable to anti-war propaganda. Thus the spontaneous cases of ceasefire and peaceful meetings with enemy soldiers on no man's land have become common, Such events were frequently documented by photographers present on site, and their works allows us to take a better, almost first-hand look at these unusual wartime activities. The double perspective of such images (propaganda- and commemorative one) allows us to take an unique view on the last stage of the Great War on East.
Krakowska Legia (Straż) Akademicka i Batalion Akademicki Wojska Polskiego (1918-1919)
Authors: Pięciak Krzysztof Wojciech
Published: November 2022

Tekst poświęcono krakowskiej Legii (Straży) Akademickiej i Batalionowi Akademickiemu Wojska Polskiego, istniejącym od listopada 1918 do marca 1919 r. Artykuł prezentuje powstanie tych formacji, organizację baonu, jego zadania, przebieg służby w Krakowie oraz na froncie wojny polsko-ukraińskiej, umundurowanie, wyposażenie i doświadczenia żołnierskie.
El espejo invertido de la asimilación. Judaísmo, emancipación e identidad negativa
Authors: Fernández López José Antonio
Published: November 2022

Desde finales del siglo XVIII, la progresiva integración de los judíos europeos en el Estado moderno, como resultado de un proceso de emancipación política, social y religiosa, cambiará al judaísmo para siempre. La Ilustración será un momento decisivo en este proceso que, para el judaísmo, implicará no sólo la salida del gueto y la igualdad política, sino una experiencia de dispersión y de pérdida. En el presente artículo vamos a recorrer esta experiencia focalizando nuestro interés en la genética de este proceso y, más en concreto, en cómo se desarrolló en el judaísmo alemán, dada su importancia histórica, su carácter paradigmático y la trascendencia de las transformaciones en él operadas. Asimismo, abordaremos en la segunda parte de nuestro trabajo la idea de identidad negativa, como residuo y consecuencia de la historia del siglo XX, mostrando sus vínculos con los propios orígenes ilustrados de la cuestión.
La autenticidad en el turismo: concepción y dificultades de un ideal
Authors: Vergés-Gifra Joan
Published: November 2022

En este artículo se realizan tres cosas. En primer lugar, se presenta el ideal turístico de la autenticidad. En segundo lugar, uno se pregunta cómo se originó el ideal en cuanto tal –qué fuentes o ideas lo alimentaron. Finalmente, en tercer lugar, se plantea la cuestión de si el ideal turístico de la autenticidad es un ideal viable, verosímil, factible. A este respecto se destacan dos conjuntos de dificultades. Las primeras reciben el nombre de intrínsecas, debido a que afectan a la misma idea de autenticidad. Las segundas son llamadas extrínsecas, debido a que tienen que ver no tanto con el concepto mismo de autenticidad como con las condiciones o circunstancias económicas y sociales en las que el turismo despliega el ideal de autenticidad.
Imprensa brasileira no contexto da independência: da constelação luso-brasileira às redes de comunicação
Authors: Carlos Barbosa Marialva
Published: November 2022

O artigo mostra a importância da expansão de periódicos no Brasil no contexto da independência, formando redes de comunicação, e os significados que a palavra impressa ganhou nesse momento inicial de formação de um espaço público no qual as discussões políticas tomavam as ruas. O foco são as diversas teias narrativas que podem ser vistas nos próprios periódicos e que revelam suas filiações ideológicas e as significações que atribuem aos seus posicionamentos políticos e à palavra impressa. Do ponto de vista metodológico, percorremos os textos dos jornais para também interpretar as razões de proliferação dos impressos, percebendo nos pormenores indiciais dos escritos os múltiplos sentidos atribuídos à ação de fazer circular publicações. Portanto, o foco central do texto são as teias comunicacionais que emergem, procurando interpretar contextos com base na centralidade do comunicacional.
Apuntes para una revisión crítica de la filosofía de la historia en Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio
Authors: Tomás Ferrer Fidel
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo pretende rastrear la concepción de la historia en la obra ensayística de Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio. La hoja de ruta que se sigue para ello consiste en establecer los vínculos que desde la Ilustración acaban derivando en la historia universal de Hegel. La crítica ferlosiana se vertebra mediante la filosofía de la historia primero de Benjamin y luego de Adorno, para concluir en una visión menos idealista de la narración histórica que, ya en el siglo XX se reconoce como narración. El acerado escepticismo de Ferlosio le llevará a rechazar toda mistificación del acontecer histórico, especialmente la que produce la propia razón.
Premature Ventricular Contractions and Cardiomyopathy while on Ofatumumab for Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Odeyinka Oladipo , Collins Mitchell , Sunnaa Michael , Venugopal Parameswaran , Okwuosa Tochukwu
Published: November 2022

Ofatumumab is a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of recurrent and progressive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and was recently approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. We describe the case of a 68-year-old man who presented with complaints of irregular pulse readings while undergoing ofatumumab treatment for recurrent CLL. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) demonstrated premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) which eventually caused cardiomyopathy and failed to resolve despite ablative therapy. Ofatumumab-induced PVCs are confirmed in this case by the existence of documented PVCs on ECGs and the disappearance of these PVCs after the completion of ofatumumab treatment. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previously reported cases of PVCs associated with ofatumumab in the literature.
A non-invasive treatment option in solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome
Authors: Patel Maalini , Ormondroyd Louise
Published: November 2022

Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) syndrome (OMIM #147250) is a disorder characterized by developmental defects of midline structures with variable expressivity. It presents dentally as a single symmetrical central incisor in the midline position. This is a case report of a child with the isolated dental feature of a single maxillary central incisor, with no medical features of SMMCI syndrome. Under the management of a multidisciplinary dental team, a non-invasive approach was undertaken to improve aesthetics. This case report describes the dental options for managing SMMCI including a non-invasive option that has not previously been reported in detail.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentists should be aware of SMMCI and its potential medical sequelae.
Maternal Morbidity During Pregnancy in Bangladesh: Evidence from the 2019 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
Authors: Islam M Mazharul , Marium Uzma
Published: November 2022

Maternal morbidity is a significant public health problem, particularly in developing countries, accounting three-fourth of the maternal deaths. There is dearth of information about maternal morbidity in Bangladesh. This study examined the prevalence and determinants of maternal morbidity during pregnancy in Bangladesh. Data for the study was extracted from the 2019 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), which covered a nationally representative sample of 64,378 ever-married women aged 15-49 years. For analyzing the maternal morbidity during pregnancy, a subsample of 2,722 married women who were pregnant at the time of survey was considered in this study. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including multiple regression technique were used for data analysis. Negative Binomial regression model was used for investigating the determinants of morbidity, considering the number of morbidities (a count variable) as outcome variable. The results indicate that about 13% women experienced at least one of the pregnancy related morbidity, while 14% women reported that they experienced at least two morbid conditions during their last pregnancy. Overall, 1.2% of the women faced life-threating morbidity seizure or convulsion, 4.8% increased blood pressure, and 7.4% eclampsia during pregnancy. Blurred vision (12.8%) and high fever (10.2%) were the two most frequently cited maternal morbidity in Bangladesh. The findings of this study reveals multiparity (IRR=1.52, p=001), urban place of residence (IRR=1.18, p=0.047), administrative division, media exposure (IRR=1.24, p=0.004), unwanted pregnancy, migrants, and ethnic non-Bengali as the significant predictors of maternal morbidity during pregnancy in Bangladesh. The findings of this study have important implications for public health program in Bangladesh for further improvement of maternal and newborn health and survival. It is important to take adequate measure for implementing early and adequate number of antenatal care visits for early identification and treatment of pregnancy related morbidities. A greater understanding of the identified risk factors of maternal morbidity and incorporating them into short and long term health strategies would help improve the coverage and contents and thus quality of antenatal care services in Bangladesh.
Cyclin D1 mediates pain behaviour in a rat model of breast cancer-induced bone pain by a mechanism involving regulation of the proliferation of spinal microglia
Authors: Guan Xuehai , Gong Xiaofang , Jiao Ziyin Y. , Cao Huiyu Y. , Liu Susu , Lin Chengxin , Huang Xiaofang , Lan Hongmeng , Ma Li , Xu Bing
Published: November 2022

Aims

The involvement of cyclin D1 in the proliferation of microglia, and the generation and maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP), have not yet been clarified. We investigated the expression of microglia and cyclin D1, and the influences of cyclin D1 on pain threshold.

Methods

Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish a rat model of BCP, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and cyclin D1 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. The proliferation of spinal microglia was detected by immunohistochemistry. The pain behaviour test was assessed by quantification of spontaneous flinches, limb use, and guarding during forced ambulation, mechanical paw withdrawal threshold, and thermal paw withdrawal latency.

Results

IBA1 and cyclin D1 in the ipsilateral spinal horn increased in a time-dependent fashion. Spinal microglia proliferated in BCP rats. The microglia inhibitor minocycline attenuated the pain behaviour in BCP rats. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol inhibited the proliferation of spinal microglia, and was associated with an improvement in pain behaviour in BCP rats.

Conclusion

Our results revealed that the inhibition of spinal microglial proliferation was associated with a decrease in pain behaviour in a rat model of BCP. Cyclin D1 acts as a key regulator of the proliferation of spinal microglia in a rat model of BCP. Disruption of cyclin D1, the restriction-point control of cell cycle, inhibited the proliferation of microglia and attenuated the pain behaviours in BCP rats. Cyclin D1 and the proliferation of spinal microglia may be potential targets for the clinical treatment of BCP. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(11):803–813.
High-fidelity optical diffraction tomography of live organisms using iodixanol refractive index matching
Authors: Lee Dohyeon , Lee Moosung , Kwak Haechan , Kim Young Seo , Shim Jaehyu , Jung Jik Han , Park Wei-sun , Park Ji-Ho , Lee Sumin , Park YongKeun
Published: November 2022

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) enables the three-dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI) reconstruction. However, when the RI difference between a sample and a medium increases, the effects of light scattering become significant, preventing the acquisition of high-quality and accurate RI reconstructions. Herein, we present a method for high-fidelity ODT by introducing non-toxic RI matching media. Optimally reducing the RI contrast enhances the fidelity and accuracy of 3D RI reconstruction, enabling visualization of the morphology and intra-organization of live biological samples without producing toxic effects. We validate our method using various biological organisms, including C. albicans and C. elegans.