bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economy of the USSR during the Initial Period of the Great Patriotic War. Part 2
Authors:   Siberian Institute of Management – the Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Novosibirsk, Khanin Grigory
Published: June 2024

This article is the final one, the second part of the study devoted to the analysis of the economic history of the USSR in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War (1941–1942). The author considers the aspects of economic development not discussed in the first part of the article. The greatest place is occupied by the analysis of the standard of living of the population in its various aspects. Numerous sources are used, including statistical collections of the war years, survey guides and memoirs of contemporaries. In addition to the current consumption of goods, the consumption of services and living conditions of the population are also considered. The author analyzes the role of Lend-Lease economy in the USSR in detail. Supplies under the Lend-Lease program are considered not only for this period, but throughout the war. The analysis is carried out for individual product groups. It is shown that, contrary to the prevailing ideas in literature about the insignificance of the share of supplies under the Lend-Lease program, based on their estimates in value terms, especially in many key areas, the role of these supplies in the economy of the USSR during the war was enormous. The state of science and higher education during the turning point of the war is examined. It is shown that they were preserved and played an important role in improving the qualifications of personnel and the quality of military equipment. Particular attention is paid to the initial stage of research on atomic weapons. It is shown that despite limited resources, already in the most difficult period of the war in the USSR, research on the creation of nuclear weapons began.
Algorithms for constructing discrete approximate Q-optimal experimental designs with active identification of regression models of multifactor systems
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Popov Alexander A.
Published: June 2024

In the theory of optimal experiment, there is a group of optimality criteria, for example, such as D-, A-, E-criteria, reflecting the accuracy of estimating model parameters. There is also a group of criteria related to the accuracy of the forecast based on the model, which can be characterized by the variance of estimates of mathematical expectations of responses. For example, using the G-optimality criterion allows you to obtain designs on which the constructed models will minimize the maximum variance of the forecast. Among these is the Q-optimality criterion, which assumes minimizing the average variance of the forecast for the regression model over the planning area. Most of the theoretical and applied research is related to the use of the D-optimality criterion. This is also explained by the fact that the criteria of D- and G-optimality are interconnected. At the same time, it should be noted that minimizing the maximum variance in the general case may not lead to a decrease in the average variance of the forecast area. In this regard, the use of Q-optimal designs in practical regression modeling tasks is relevant. For the widespread introduction into practice of the active identification of regression models of the concept of Q-optimality of experimental designs, an arsenal of effective algorithms for their construction is needed. The paper proposes and describes algorithms for constructing discrete approximate Q-optimal designs. The proposed algorithms are based on the developed approach of consistently increasing the number of points in the designs, as well as procedures for replacing points in the design. The designs obtained by such algorithms are recommended for use in practice when, on average, good prediction accuracy is required for the model over the entire range of input factors.
Morphological Aspects and Quality of Urban Life
Authors: Castro Alexandre Augusto Bezerra da Cunha , Silveira José Augusto Ribeiro da , Barros Filho Mauro Normando Macêdo , Negrão Ana Gomes
Published: June 2024

In most parts of the world, cities have undergone an accelerated process of territorial and population dispersion over the last 50 years. The demand for new quality open spaces, as a result of the urbanization model, and the environmental changes it has caused, has also contributed to the search for a better quality of life in cities. Studies on urban quality of life focus more intensely on variables linked to aspects of human development, socio-economic aspects, and sustainability, but little has been studied on the influence of urban form on quality of life. This work aims to propose a reflection on the relationship between urban form and quality of life in the city, based on a current theoretical framework. The research method focused on a qualitative analysis of the selected theoretical framework. The research findings show that based on the concepts and studies carried out, it was observed that the spatial configuration of cities and their neighborhoods contributes directly contributes to the population, by allowing more sustainable urban spaces and practices. Thus, it has been observed that urban form is not sufficiently explored in quality of life indices and indicators, being presented superficially and on a broader scale. In the same vein, some studies that relate urban form and quality of life, even at the local scale, do not detail how these relate to other urban and human aspects, which may hinder a better understanding of the impact of the built environment on urban sustainability.
Participación, convivencia y bienestar: claves para una educación de calidad
Authors: Parra Martínez Joaquín , Gomáriz María Ángeles , Hernández-Prados María Ángeles , Martínez Segura María José
Published: June 2024

En este artículo se vinculan dos temáticas relevantes para la calidad educativa, a saber, la participación familiar y la convivencia escolar. En concreto, los objetivos planteados parten del conocimiento del clima de convivencia en unos centros de educación primaria, exploran el sentimiento de pertenencia y la implicación en el hogar de las familias, y tratan de establecer relaciones entre el clima de convivencia y la participación de las familias en la educación escolar. Estamos ante un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, exploratorio y evaluativo. Los participantes han sido 1326 familias y 844 estudiantes, que pertenecen a un contexto agrícola, en un municipio de la Región de Murcia, España, en el que la población migrante está sobre el 30 %. La recogida de información se llevó a cabo con dos instrumentos: un cuestionario ad hoc dirigido a las familias y el cuestionario CRAE-P de Bueno et al. (2017) a los estudiantes. Los resultados nos indican que las familias manifiestan un adecuado sentimiento de pertenencia hacia los centros y la implicación que muestran en la educación de sus hijos e hijas en el hogar es alta. Por la parte de los estudiantes, en su mayoría manifiestan un estado de bienestar positivo.
Mutant generation in Streptococcus oralis strain S.mitis/oralis 351 v1
Authors: King Samantha
Published: June 2024

This protocol is the methodology that we have successfully employed to generate and confirm insertion deletion mutants in Streptococcus oralis strain S.mitis/oralis 351. Attached to the protocol is a file that includes primers for the srtA mutation
Protocol for Nuclei/ Cell Isolation and 10X Genomics Fixed RNA profiling for Human Ovary v2
Authors: Martin Nicolas
Published: June 2024

This is the 10X Genomics protocol to fix, dissociate, and profile RNA from human ovary tissue.
Menyelusuri Filem Melayu dengan Subjek Sastera Melayu (Tracing Malay Films with Malay Literary Subject)
Authors: Abdullah Nur Afifah Vanitha , Abd Halim Siti Nur Izra Safra’ , Muhd Shukri Fatimah
Published: June 2024

Malay literary materials had been transformed into narratives of Malay films since 1956. Nevertheless, there is an obvious knowledge gap that needs to be addressed immediately in the context of the emergence and development of Malay literary works as narratives of Malay films. Thus, this article aims to provide answers to the question of “what are the Malay literary genres and when was it made into Malay film narrative? This article is based on data gained from a fundamental research type with a qualitative research design, employing a historical approach as its framework. Content analysis was carried out on printed and digital research materials. The main research materials are Malay films to extract data on Malay literary narrative subjects, besides website of FINAS, newspapers and previous academic documentations. This article documents that various Malay literary genres such as oral literature, prolific and popular novels have been made subject of Malay films since 1956. The first Malay film to have Malay literature as its narrative is Hikayat Hang Tuah2 . Malay films with Malay literature as its narrative have been made my Indian and Malay film directors during the early development of Malay films in Singapore. The Malay directors made five other movies that was based on Malay hikayat, while Malay novels were only made film since the 1980a. The findings also proofs that many Malay films with Malay literature narratives had won numerous acknowledgements through film festivals local and internationally, as well as made box office sales.
Laporan Woodhead dalam Memperkasakan Pendidikan di Sarawak (Woodhead Report On Impowering Sarawak Education)
Authors: Ottot Julina , Mohd Rus Ahmad Kamal Ariffin , Nordin Mardiana
Published: June 2024

The Woodhead Report from 1955 is one of the education reports that helped to improve Sarawak’s educational system. The investigation that led to this report was carried out by Woodhead towards the conclusion of 1954. The results of this study demonstrate that Sarawak’s efforts to strengthen its educational system have flaws. This article examines Woodhead’s report on developing education in Sarawak. The effectiveness of the report in advancing the education of the Sarawak’s people was also highlighted. Primary and secondary sources for this study were obtained through the library method. The main primary source to be examined is the Woodhead Report. Other sources are also used, such as the Sarawak Gazette, annual reports from Sarawak, and reports from the education department. Based on the analysis of the Woodhead report, the report touched on several aspects such as school curriculum, financial allocation, education infrastructure and teacher personnel. The study’s conclusions demonstrate that this research made some recommendations for enhancing education in Sarawak. Through the Department of Education, Woodhead contended, the federal government must be in charge of creating and upholding standards for all forms of education. The responsibility for school management will, however, fall to the school management organisation. Additionally, Woodhead recognised the necessity of a balanced budget allocation to make sure that education development could be carried out effectively. The necessity for capital grants for the advancement of education in Sarawak is also included in the plan, along with recurrent expenditure grants for school administration. For the funding, any Sarawakian school may apply. Grants are used to improve educational possibilities in rural schools serving the Bumiputera ethnic community. The British Government seriously considered the recommendations made to enhance education in Sarawak through the Woodhead Report. Even the Sarawak community acquired education that improved their life.
USING SWARA METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING PEDESTRIAN SAFETY AT INTERSECTIONS
Authors: Kabakuş Nuriye , Eyüboğlu Merve
Published: June 2024

Intersections are considered among the most hazardous points in traffic and can pose significant dangers, especially for pedestrians. The primary aim of this study is to investigate factors affecting pedestrian safety at intersections and to develop effective strategies to enhance pedestrian safety. In this context, various factors influencing pedestrian safety at intersections need to be considered. Within the scope of the research, factors such as pedestrian speed, vehicle speed, traffic signs and signals, intersection geometry, signaling systems, road surface, traffic volume, illegal parking, weather and lighting conditions, pedestrians' ages, and clothing choices have been identified as key elements affecting pedestrian safety at intersections. These criteria have a wide range of impacts on traffic safety. The SWARA method was used to determine the priority order of these criteria. As a result of this analysis, vehicle speed was identified as the most significant factor, while pedestrian clothing choice was determined to be the least important factor. Based on the analysis of these criteria, appropriate measures can be taken to ensure safe pedestrian crossings. In conclusion, a holistic approach must be adopted to enhance pedestrian safety. This entails considering all factors affecting pedestrian safety at intersections and developing appropriate strategies. This approach can lead to more effective solutions to intersection safety issues and ensure pedestrian safety.
Revisiting the Correlation Between the Valdivia and San-Pedro Ceramic Complexes (Based on Technological Characteristics)
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Popov A. N. , Marcos J. G. ,   Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Zhushchikhovskaya I. S. ,   Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lazina A. A. ,   Far Eastern Federal University, Lazin B. V. ,   Far Eastern Federal University, Kanomata Y. ,   Tohoku University, Fedorets A. N. ,   Far Eastern Federal University, Emelyanova T. A. ,   Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

В статье представлены результаты изучения керамики культуры вальдивия и комплекса Сан-Педро с археологического памятника Реаль-Альто (Юго-Западный Эквадор). Исследованная в 2022 г. тестовая коллекция включает фрагменты сосудов двух морфолого-функциональных групп, относящихся к первым двум фазам культуры вальдивия (чаши и горшковидные сосуды), и керамики Сан-Педро (сосуды с горловиной и чаша). Сравнительный анализ проводился на основе выявленных технико-технологических признаков, соответствующих определенным стадиям производства посуды. Некоторые различия прослежены в составе пластичного сырья для формовочных масс и в технологии формовки изделий. Существенная разница выявлена в технологии обработки поверхности и орнаментации керамических сосудов. Это проявляется в использовании окрашенных или неокрашенных покрытий, применении качественного сплошного либо матового полосчатого лощения, нанесении разного по уровню сложности орнамента. Определены как отличительные особенности обжига посуды (вероятное применение разных теплотехнических устройств, различия в атмосферных режимах), так и черты сходства (приблизительно одинаковые температурные режимы). Выявлены различия технологического характера между двумя морфолого-функциональными группами керамики вальдивии: представленная чашами демонстрирует признаки использования более сложных и трудоемких приемов; группа горшковидных сосудов по технологическому уровню имеет определенное сходство с керамикой Сан-Педро. Полученные радиоуглеродные даты (4 640-4 450 л.н.) позволяют говорить об одновременности существования двух гончарных традиций. Различия технико-технологических характеристик керамики, вероятно, отражают культурную специфику носителей этих традиций.
The Geochemistry of Unalloyed Copper Metallurgical Group Indicates Copper Ore Sources in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of the Urals
Authors:   South Ural Federal Scientific Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Artemyev D. A. , Ankushev M. N. ,   South Ural Federal Scientific Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Stepanov I. S. ,   South Ural Federal Scientific Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vinogradov N. B. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Alaeva I. P. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Ankusheva P. S. ,   South Ural Federal Scientific Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Koryakova L. N. ,   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Naumov A. M. ,   MPI Ozersk City District “City Museum”
Published: June 2024

Представлены результаты исследования элементов-примесей в артефактах, относящихся к металлургической группе «чистой» меди, с памятников позднего бронзового и раннего железного веков Урала с использованием метода масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой и лазерным пробоотбором. Состав металла артефактов имеет геохимические маркеры, позволяющие разделить «чистую» медь на несколько подгрупп. По результатам анализа главных компонент элементов-примесей в «чистой» меди выделены 11 кластеров, характеризующих различные источники медной руды, а также их смеси. Выявлено как минимум семь основных ассоциаций, отражающих геолого-генетические типы медных месторождений — источников руды в древности (Au-Te-Bi, Au-Se-Te-Sb, Fe-Co-Ni-As-Sb, Fe-Co-Ni-Zn, Se-Co-Fe, Ag-Pb-Ni, Sb-Pb-Zn-As), а также несколько смешанных, показывающих сплавление медных изделий и лома, металл которых получен из руд разных месторождений (Sn-Pb, Fe-Co-Ni-Zn + Sn, Fe-Co-Ni + Au-Te-Bi-Ag, Fe-Co-Ni + Au-Te-Bi + Sn). Отдельную группу составляют предметы с очень низким содержанием элементов-примесей (суммарно < 0,01 мас. %). Для них источник руды установить сложно. В позднем бронзовом веке самую большую выборку в группе «чистой» меди составляет кластер Sn-Pb, указывающий на смешение местной меди и импортированного оловосодержащего медного лома. Судя по элементам-примесям, основными источниками руды для «чистой» меди иткульской и сарматской культур были Гумёшевский рудник и еще один неустановленный. Они могли использоваться уже в финале эпохи бронзы.
SİVAS İLİNİN ORTALAMA SICAKLIK İLE TOPLAM YAĞIŞ VERİLERİNİN TREND ANALİZİ VE SSP İLE 2100 YILI MODELLEMESİ
Authors: Kartal Fatih
Published: June 2024

Araştırma alanı Sivas ili olup, araştırmanın konusu ortalama sıcaklık ve toplam yağış parametrelerinin trend analizi ve SSP senaryolarıdır. Çalışmanın amacı ise sıcaklık değerlerinin ortalaması ile yağış toplamlarının mevsimsel ve yıllık değişkenliklerinin analiz edilmesi ve gelecek yıllarda (2041-2060-2100) bölgede yaşanması muhtemel sıcaklık ve yağış durumlarının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada Mann-Kendall ve Spearman's Rho testi gibi iki önemli trend yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İklim senaryolarında ise SSP 2,6 ve 8,5 tercih edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre il genelinde yıllık ve mevsimlik düzeyde ortalama sıcaklıklarda artışlar gözlenmiştir. Bu artışlar bazı istasyonlarda istatistiki açıdan anlamlılık gösterirken bazı istasyonlarda anlamlılık ifade etmemektedir. Sivas ilinde yaz mevsimi, pozitif yönde anlamlı bir sıcaklık artış eğilimi gösteren mevsim olduğu görülmektedir. İl genelinde yaz, sonbahar, kış mevsimlerinde ve yıllık yağışlarda artış ve azalışların olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak trend analizleri küresel iklim değişimleri açısından Sivas ilinde de uzun vadede sıcaklık artışlarını ve yağış azalmalarını işaret etmektedir.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Articles on “Scientific Inquiry”: Sample of WoS Database
Authors: Özden Barış
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to examine the articles published on scientific inquiry in the Web of Science (WoS) database in terms of bibliometric indicators. The sample of the research using the
bibliometric analysis technique consists of 926 studies in the type of article searched with the word “Scientific inquiry”. MS Excel and VOSviewer programs were used to analyze the data. The data
obtained from this analysis are presented with tables and bibliometric maps. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that most articles on scientific inquiry were published in 2020. It has
been determined that the most frequently used keyword in scientific inquiry is “scientific inquiry”. It has been concluded that the most effective journal in scientific inquiry is “Science Education”.
In addition, it has been determined that “English” comes to the fore as a language in studies conducted on scientific inquiry and that the “USA” as a country works actively in scientific inquiry.
Okuma Yazma Öğretim Sürecinde Uygulanan Gelenekler (Malatya İli Örneği)
Authors: Kırnık Dilek
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı ilkokula başlama ve okuma yazma sürecinde uygulanan gelenekleri incelemektir. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından fenemonoloji yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Malatya ili Pütürge, Akçadağ, Battalgazi, Yeşilyurt, Arguvan, Darende ve Hekimhan ilçelerindeki köy okulları ziyaret edilerek en az bir çocuğu/yakını ilkokula başlayan ve geleneksel uygulamalar yapan velilerle görüşülmüştür. Veriler, betimsel ve içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrenciler okula başladığında okulun ilk günü evdeki büyüklerin duasını alması, okula başlayacak öğrencinin okula başlamadan önce yakın olan büyüklerinin mezarını ziyaret etmesi, okula başladığı ilk hafta cuma namazı sonrası öğrencinin evinde yemek verilmesi, okuma yazma sürecinin başında ailede okumuş birinin öğrencinin el parmaklarını (on parmağı ayrı ayrı) öperek ilk deneyimi birlikte yaşamaları, okula başlayacak öğrenciye yeni elbiseler alınması, okula başlayacak öğrenci için ağaç dikilmesi gibi gelenekler uygulanmaktadır. İlkokul öğrencisi okuma yazmaya geçtiğinde uygulanan geleneklere bakıldığında; tüm sınıfa öğrencinin ailesinin yemek götürmesi, tüm sınıfa şekerleme dağıtılması, köyde uygun görülen yakın akrabalara muştu dağıtılması olarak sıralanmaktadır.
Yapay Sinir Ağları ve Derin Öğrenme Modeli Kullanılarak USD/TRY Döviz Kurunun Tahmin Edilmesi
Authors: Gümüş Ersin
Published: June 2024

Döviz kuru; hammadde, enerji, teknolojik ürünler gibi girdilerin maliyetlerini etkilemesi, dış borçların çevrilebilirliği, kurdaki oynaklıkların ekonomi üzerinde yaratacağı riskler gibi birçok nedenle en önemli ekonomik göstergelerden biridir. Çalışmada yapay sinir ağları ve derin öğrenme metoduyla USD/TRY döviz kurunun ay sonu değerlerinin, mevcut ay içerisinde veri açıklama takvimi doğrultusunda yayınlanan makroekonomik veriler üzerinden tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. 05:2006 – 08:2022 dönemini kapsayan aylık formatta hazırlanmış verilerin kullanıldığı çalışmanın ilk aşamasında veriler eğitim, doğrulama ve test setleri olarak ayrıştırılarak farklı katman ve nöron sayıları ile farklı derin öğrenme mimarileri denenmiş ve en uygun model tespit edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada Çapraz Doğrulama Yöntemi kullanılarak tespit edilen modelin tutarlılığı incelenmiş ve elde edilen bulgular sonucunda modelin tutarlılığına yönelik olumlu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Son aşamada Eylül 2022 ve Ekim 2022 ay sonu USD/TRY döviz kurları, oluşturulan derin öğrenme modeli ile tahmin edilmiştir. Derin öğrenme modelinin belli hata sınırları içerisinde gerçek değerlere oldukça yakın tahmin değerleri üretebildiği, ayrıca kullanılan bağımsız değişkenlerin USD/TRY döviz kurunun ay sonu seviyesini tahmin etme gücüne sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
Alman Yönetim Bilimini Yeniden Kurma Çabaları: Walter Norden ve Yönetim Alanının Sınırlarını Çizmek
Authors: Turan İsmail Bahadır
Published: June 2024

Alman yönetim bilimi, Kameral-Polizey Bilim ile doğan ve Devlet Bilimi üzerinden gelişen önemli bir gelenektir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında ise ABD kamu yönetiminin etkisine girmesiyle tamamen farklı bir yöne kaymıştır. Ancak öncesinde de idare hukuku, iktisat vb. disiplinlere nesnesini yitirmiş, gözden düşmüştür. Alman yönetim bilimi geleneğini canlandırmak için çeşitli başarısız çabalara rastlanmaktadır. Bu geleneği canlandırmak isteyenler arasında ayrıksı bir örnek de vardır: Walter Carl Norden. Çalışmanın temel tezi, Norden’ın Alman yönetim bilimi geleneğini canlandırmak istediği, ancak döneminin güncel sorunları bağlamında pratiğe dönük bir yönetim bilimi oluşturmaya çalışarak başarısız olduğudur. Alman yönetim biliminin geçtiği süreçler, Türk alan yazınında son dönemdeki bazı çalışmalar dışında yeterince incelenmemiştir. Dolayısıyla aksini iddia etse de Norden’ın yeniden kurmak istediği Alman yönetim bilimi geleneğinin devleti nesnesi yapan yaklaşımından uzaklaşmıştır. Almanya’da ve döneminin ana akımının dışında dikkat çekici biçimde piyasa / işletme tekniklerinin devlette de kullanılmasını önermesi, yönetim bilimi geleneğini canlandırma çabalarının bir diğer yolu olarak üniversitelerde ayrı bir bilim dalı olarak öğretilmesi, devlette görev yapacakların bu eğitimden geçmelerinin sağlanmasına dair çabaları ilgi çekicidir ve çalışmada ele alınacaktır. Bir diğer amaç Norden’ın Alman yönetim bilimi geleneği bağlamında Türk alan yazına tanıtılmasıdır. Amacı açısından kuramsal olan çalışmanın, Alman yönetim biliminin tarihsel süreç içerisinde doğuşu ve gelişimine ilişkin Türk alan yazındaki son dönem verilen eserleri tamamlayıcı olacağı, Norden ve yönetim bilimi anlayışını açıklayarak farklı bir yaklaşımı tartışmaya açacağı değerlendirilmektedir. Öte yandan inceleme yaklaşımı açısından açıklayıcı olan çalışmada öncelikle araştırma tekniği açısından birincil kaynaklardan, Norden’ın yönetim bilimi bağlamında yazdığı eserlerden, ilgisi ölçüsünde diğer Alman bilim insanlarının çalışmalarından yararlanılmıştır.
Ham Petrol Fiyatları ve Gıda Dış Ticaretinin Reel Döviz Kuru Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Köprücü Yılmaz
Published: June 2024

Bu makalenin amacı, petrol fiyatları, gıda dış ticareti ve döviz kurları arasındaki ilişkiyi otoregresif dağıtılmış gecikme modeliyle (ARDL) incelemektir. Çalışmada 1960-2021 dönemi için Türkiye ekonomisinde döviz kuru, petrol fiyatları, satın alma gücü paritesi ve gıda ticaretine ilişkin yıllık veriler kullanılmıştır. Tahmin sonuçlarına göre, petrol fiyatları ve gıda dış ticareti ile döviz kurları arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi söz konusudur. Uzun dönemde petrol fiyatlarının yükselmesi ve gıda ithalatının artması, ulusal paranın değer kaybetmesine neden olmaktadır.
Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu (Kitap incelemesi)
Authors: Çalışkan Sümeyra
Published: June 2024

Berlin İhtisas Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Rektörlüğünü yapmakta olan Barbara Stollberg-Rılınger’ın kısa sürede beş baskı yapan 2001 yılında yayımladığı “Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu” adlı eser Vakıfbank Kültür Yayınları tarafından Mete Tunçay çevirisiyle 2020’de Türkiye’de yayımlandı. Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu, söz konusu İmparatorluğun tarihsel olarak ne olduğunu, nasıl anlaşılması gerektiğini anakronizme düşmeden, geçmişi yargılama peşinde olmadan kısaca ve temel hatlarıyla ele alan bir çalışmadır. Bu kitap değerlendirme çalışmasında; yazarın kitabı nasıl ele aldığı, nasıl dönemlere ayırdığı, tarih yazımı veçhesiyle nelere dikkat ettiği ele alınmaktadır. Tartışma ve Sonuç kısmında bu kitap vesilesiyle Osmanlı Tarihi bağlamında bir değerlendirmede bulunulmaktadır.
Tekstil ve Moda Tasarımı Öğrencilerinin Staj Uygulamasına İlişkin Tutumlarının İncelenmesi: Eskişehir Örneği
Authors: Tekin Akbulut A. Seçil
Published: June 2024

Staj sürecinin öğrenme deneyimlerine yansımalarına ilişkin çalışmalarda stajın amacına hizmet etme derecesi bağlamındaki aksaklıklara da vurgu yapılmaktadır. Eğitim, turizm ve sağlık alanlarında staj süreçlerinin yoğun biçimde irdelendiği örneklere rastlanmakla birlikte tekstil ve moda tasarımı alanı özelindeki değerlendirmeler oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu bağlamda bu araştırmada Tekstil ve Moda Tasarımı Bölümü öğrencilerinin zorunlu yaz stajlarına ilişkin görüşlerinin geçerli ve güvenilir biçimde irdelenmesi, söz konusu görüşlerin alanyazında vurgulanan bağımsız değişkenler bağlamında nasıl bir değişim sergilediğinin ortaya konması hedeflenmiştir. Bir devlet üniversitesinde zorunlu yaz stajını gerçekleştirmiş olan ikinci, üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin büyük bir bölümüne ulaşılarak toplam 201 katılımcıdan veri toplanmış, staja ilişkin görüşleri açıklayabilecek potansiyel değişkenler uygun parametrik testler ile irdelenmiştir. Genel olarak olumlu tutumlar gözlemlenirken bu tutumların cinsiyete, sınıfa, staj gerçekleştirilen kurumdan ücret ya da yemek hizmeti almaya göre değişmediği; öte yandan lisans programında alınan eğitimlere ilişkin yeterlik algısının staja ilişkin olumlu tutumları anlamlı derecede açıklayabildiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Robot Turist Rehberi ile Gezmek Nasıl Bir Şey? RoBoHoN’a İlişkin Kullanıcı Deneyimi Üzerine Bir Söylem Analizi
Authors: Düz Burak
Published: June 2024

Teknolojideki gelişmeler turist rehberliği hizmetlerini de dönüştürmektedir. Dönüşümün boyutlarından biri de robot rehberlerdir. Turizm rehberliği alanındaki çalışmalar daha çok robot rehberlerin insan rehberlerin yerine ikame edilmesine ilişkin tartışmalara odaklanmıştır. Ancak, robot rehberlerin geleceğine yönelik projeksiyonların sunulması için kullanıcı deneyimlerinin anlaşılması önem taşımaktadır. Buna rağmen, robot rehber hizmetlerinin hitap ettiği turistlerin deneyimlerini konu alan araştırmaların sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışma araştırma eksikliğinin giderilmesine katkı sağlamak için robot rehberlerden hizmet alan kullanıcıların deneyimlerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, YouTube’da yer alan bir video veri kaynağı olarak seçilmiş; Japonya’da hizmet sunan robot rehber RoBoHoN ile Kyoto şehrinde tura katılan sunucu Roger Ditter’in deneyimlerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla söylem analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre RoBoHoN yüksek fiyat, ergonomik olmayan tasarım, kullanıcıyla zayıf iletişim, sınırlı içeriklerle bilgi aktarma ve farklı koşullarda düşük performans gibi kullanıcı deneyimini olumsuz etkileyen özelliklere sahiptir. Dolayısıyla, Roger Ditter bir destinasyonu ilk kez ziyaret edecek kişilere robot rehber RoBoHoN’u önermemektedir ve kullanıcının deneyimine ilişkin söylemi büyük ölçüde olumsuz bileşenlerle inşa edilmektedir. Sonuçta bir tur aracıyla seyahati ve açık alanlarda turistlere eşlik eden bir rehberi içeren konvansiyonel tur konseptinde robot rehberlerin hizmet sunması için zamana ihtiyaç olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda paydaşlar için öneriler yer almaktadır.
The Challenges of AI-Decision-Making in Government and Administrative Law: A Proposal for Regulatory Design
Authors: Sheehy Benedict , Ng Yee-Fui
Published: June 2024

Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) decision-making is rapidly becoming a key technology in government. AI decision-making has a number of significant benefits. These include reduced costs, consistency in decision-making, and the potential for reduced bias. It is not, however, an unalloyed good. There are a number of risks associated with the technology. For example, it may have inherent biases or be prone to developing certain biases. These issues are most evident when AI is used to deal with vulnerable populations, populations unaware of or less able to deal with advanced technologies and sophisticated systems in general. With these populations, AI has the potential to do significant harm. Governments have struggled to understand and address AI decision-making appropriately. And nowhere is this clearer than in dealing with vulnerable populations. This Article addresses these issues using theories of effective regulation and two case studies of AI decision-making in Australia. It proposes two regulatory innovations: a default advocate for negative decisions “Golden Rule”, and a monitoring body that, among other things, implements Professor Aziz Huq’s proposed “right to a well-calibrated decision.”
Activating Law and Human Rights to End Tuberculosis: An Empirical Assessment of Ten Countries' Fulfillment of United Nations Commitments
Authors: Citro Brian
Published: June 2024

The United Nations General Assembly held the first-ever High-Level Meeting on Tuberculosis in 2018 (the TB UNLHM). In the Political Declaration that followed, Heads of State made ambitious pledges to end TB and drug resistant TB by 2030. Among these were pioneering legal and human rights commitments on the right to health, non-discrimination, and access to medicines. In 2020 and 2023, the UN Secretary-General and World Health Organization released reports examining countries’ progress toward the UN pledges. The reports discuss some human rights initiatives and contain data for key targets, such as reductions in TB incidence and deaths, but they do not empirically evaluate progress toward the legal and human rights commitments. This paper fills this gap by reviewing law and policy in ten countries with high burdens of drug-resistant TB. It develops the TB UNHLM Legal Rights Index modeled on the Human Development Index, comprising quantitative indicators for the legal and human rights pledges. Using this empirical framework, this paper evaluates over 150 legal instruments from the ten countries and finds that each has failed to meet all three commitments. The results nonetheless demonstrate significant variation among the countries and highlight challenges and opportunities as they work to fulfill their pledges in the new Political Declaration from the second TB UNHLM held in September 2023.
Exploring Teachers’ Perceived Competence in STEM Education in a National Pilot Middle School of STEM Education in Mainland China
Authors: Liao Chunyang , Tse Alex Wing Cheung
Published: June 2024

There is growing attention to STEM education in Mainland China, especially because of the global advancement of technology. The need for more skilled and highly capable teachers of STEM Education therefore increases. However, there is not enough research to investigate the level of in-service teachers’ STEM competence in Mainland China. Therefore, this study employed a survey method to examine the perceived competency of 66 in-service teachers in implementing STEM education in a nationwide middle school STEM education pilot in Mainland China. The adopted questionnaire is based on the four-dimensional Technological Pedagogical STEM Knowledge Survey (TP-STEMK). Descriptive analysis and T-tests were used for quantitative data. The results of the study indicated that the science-related dimension score was higher. However, engineering-related dimensions and the ability to integrate the former 3 factors were relatively lower. These teachers have a relatively higher self-perceived STEM competence than the median but lower than the whole average competence of STEM teachers in Mainland China according to the previous study, and besides that, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores according to gender.
Human and Technology Mediation for Effective Blended Learning in Digital Higher Education
Authors: Koné El Hadji Yaya
Published: June 2024

Blended learning is a popular approach in higher education, but effective design and implementation by faculty remains a challenge that can impact the student experience. This research study explored how faculty can balance e-learning with face-to-face instruction to improve learning in a digital higher education environment. The conceptual framework articulated the constructs of blended learning and student support. Using an exploratory qualitative research method, the study examined two faculty members’ course design and implementation for affective and cognitive student support in the context of digital technology at a business school in Montreal, Canada. Findings reveal strategies for innovative and situated technology-based instruction in blended learning to enhance the student experience. Limitations of the study and implications for future research in post-pandemic higher education are highlighted.
Challenges in Implementing Online Learning in Philippine Higher Education: Business Students’ Perspective
Authors: Sabio Ralph A. , Sabio Cecilia J.
Published: June 2024

When COVID-19 happened, Philippine higher education was affected because education in most of the universities in the country is mostly delivered in a conventional way. The transition to virtual learning environment became a challenge for most students and teachers. With this, it is necessary to determine the problems encountered by the students during the implementation of online remote learning. This research is a descriptive exploratory small-scale pilot study. The objective is to gain insights and analyze the Filipino college business students perspectives of challenges in online remote during the pandemic. Using qualitative research method, a thematic content analysis was employed to discover patterns, themes, and codes. Based on the findings there are seven (7) themes emerged: internet connection problem, too much workload and problem with meeting the deadlines, difficulty in coping with online pedagogy, limited space at home and issues on environment, doing household chores while studying, health concerns and financial issues. Of the seven (7) themes that were determined, the internet connection problem was the most dominant. Given this finding, it is necessary for policy makers and leaders to address the challenges and consider the findings as inputs to faculty development and other interventions.
Research on the Construction and Application of a Blended Learning Model Based on Junior High School Information Technology Skills Curriculum
Authors: Liang Churan
Published: June 2024

In the trend of information technology in China, the combination of education and information technology has become an inevitable trend. In order to further promote education and teaching reform, improve teacher teaching quality, and promote student learning effectiveness, a new blended teaching model based on junior high school information technology skills courses has been proposed and applied research has been conducted. This teaching model is prepared for skills courses in information technology, mainly adopting the design concept of “three stages and six steps”, fully leveraging the advantages of mixed online and offline teaching models. At the same time, based on questionnaire surveys and mathematical statistics, the effectiveness of the new teaching model is verified from the perspectives of teaching effect satisfaction and student creativity level results. Research has shown that the application of this teaching model plays a positive role in promoting students’ mastery of knowledge and skills, increasing their interest in learning, meeting the personalized learning needs of students at different levels, and cultivating their teamwork spirit.
The Effect of Online Learning on Motivation to Learn Abstract Algebra and Analysis of Learning Difficulties during Online Learning
Authors: Saragih Melda J. , Listiani Tanti
Published: June 2024

After the pandemic, lectures can be held fully face-to-face and need to develop by mixing online and face-to-face learning by considering various aspects such as the nature of the course, student conditions, and so on. It is necessary to evaluate online learning by looking at the obstacles faced by students during online learning and comparing student’s learning motivation in online and face-to-face learning. The research’s purpose is to see the differences in students’ learning motivation to learn Abstract Algebra during face-to-face and online lectures and the obstacles students face during online lectures using Microsoft Teams and Moodle. Research methods by quantitative methods. Data was collected from 31 mathematics education students by questionnaires and closed interviews. Student motivation data is processed using non-parametric tests with Wilcoxon test and closed interviews on the difficulties and obstacles faced by students during online learning analyzed descriptively. The results showed that there was no difference in students’ motivation to learn Abstract Algebra online and face-to-face, despite many obstacles faced by students and students preferred face-to-face lectures. Students realize these courses are important because are their foundation in teaching school mathematics and they are also concerned with their learning outcomes. The obstacles experienced by students during online lectures are limited communication with lecturers and classmates, not easy to understand the material because limited to ask questions, limited devices, and internet connection. In future learning, students’ needs are to provide students with space to grow in their knowledge and attitudes which can help them to be able to interact with lecturers and other students.
Songdo: A Case Study of Underutilized Public Spaces
Authors: Ayral Idil , Cha Seung Won
Published: June 2024

As a newly developed city in South Korea, Songdo’s urban planning, rooted in sustainability and smart city initiatives, differs significantly from common urban development strategies in the country. This research explores public spaces in Songdo as an important case study of a shift towards user-friendly urban models. Despite the abundance of green areas, public spaces in the city face the challenges of underuse. The study focuses on five key parks, employing observation, on-site surveys, and public feedback to analyze usage patterns, design elements, and user preferences. The article outlines the development of Songdo’s public spaces, including Central Park, Sunrise Park Global Park, Haenuri Park, and Haetmuri Park. A comprehensive examination of these spaces reveals variations in usage and satisfaction levels. Recommendations and conclusions emphasize enhancing accessibility, amenities, and activities to activate underused spaces, highlighting Songdo’s role as a prototype for future urban development in South Korea, and the need for a people-centric approach to address challenges in public space utilization.
Emergency Feminine-Hygiene Accessible Stations: Action Research to Advance Gender Equality in a Chinese University
Authors: Zhu Nan
Published: June 2024

Many individuals presume that gender equality will naturally improve in tandem with technological advancements and economic progress. However, despite significant economic disparities between the United States and China over the past three decades, the Gender Inequality Index (GII) for both countries (Fig. 3) has exhibited a striking similarity. This data suggests that policy intervention is imperative to advance gender equality despite the economic situation. This project started as the author was surprised by the lack of sanitary napkins despite the state-of-the-art facilities at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou). Although the economic development in China has enabled advanced technological innovations on campus such as unmanned autonomous driving vehicles, she could not convince the logistics department to provide sanitary napkins even for purchase. What puzzles her more is the widespread availability of personal electronic charging stations and free family planning products in public areas in Guangzhou. This contrast underscores the potential to use technology and social innovation to improve Chinese women’s living conditions. This report records a social enterprise project of Emergency Feminine-Hygiene Accessible Stations and demonstrates a preliminary implementation result of increased awareness level about menstruation and 3 male allies to advance gender equality. The study not only outlines the current project progress in a Chinese university but also compares it to international norms. In conclusion, the report synthesizes these findings and lists multiple policy recommendations to diminish menstrual poverty, and menstrual stigma, as well as enhance gender equality in public areas using this Chinese school as an example.
The Compatibility of Determinism and Moral Responsibility
Authors: Yang Kaiwen
Published: June 2024

Compatibilism arises as a potential bridge between determinism and moral responsibility, suggesting that causal determinism doesn’t necessarily negate free will or moral culpability. Proponents of compatibilism redefine free will, focusing on the alignment of actions with internal desires and values rather than the existence of alternative options. Thus, individuals can be morally responsible even within a deterministic framework if their actions reflect their genuine motivations and are not externally coerced. This nuanced understanding emphasizes the authenticity of an agent’s intentions rather than the availability of choices. This perspective extends beyond philosophical discourse, impacting ethical frameworks and decision-making processes. Accepting determinism challenges traditional notions of blame, shifting focus towards systemic factors and fostering a more compassionate approach. By acknowledging the complex interplay of internal motivations and external influences, society may evolve towards a more empathetic understanding of moral responsibility and decision-making.
Orman yangınları sonrasında ağaçların canlılık durumlarının tahmin edilmesi
Authors: Güney Coşkun Okan , Güney Aylin
Published: June 2024

Bir orman yangınından sonra, farklı derecelerde yanmış alanlardan oluşan mozaik bir yapı meydana gelmektedir. Kısmen yanmış ve yaşama ihtimali olan ağaçların ölüp ölmeyeceğinin tahmin edilmesi, yangın sonrası odun üretimi ve silvikültürel planlamalar için önemlidir. Yangın sonrası ağaçların canlılık durumlarının doğru şekilde tahmin edilebilmesi ise yangının meydana gelme süreçlerinin ve sonrasında ağaçlara nasıl zarar verdiğinin iyi bilinmesine bağlıdır. Tahminler yapılırken ağacın farklı kısımlarındaki zarar derecesi, morfolojik özellikler, yangın davranışı özellikleri ve ikinci dereceden ölüm etkenleri dikkate alınabilir. Genellikle lojistik regresyon yöntemi kullanılarak modellenmektedir. Bu modeller belirli doğruluk düzeyinde canlılık durumu tahminleri sağlamaktadır ve bireysel ağaçlar için oluşturulabileceği gibi meşcere düzeyinde de değerlendirilebilir. Bu derlemenin amacı, yangın sonrası canlılık durumu modelleme çalışmaları için kılavuz nitelinde bilgiler sunmaktır. Bu amaçla, orman yangınları sonrasındaki ağaç ölüm mekanizmaları, canlılık durumu modellemelerinde kullanılan değişkenler ve ölçme yöntemleri, modellerin oluşturulması ve oluşturulan modellerin nasıl kullanılabileceği hakkında bilgiler verilmiş, bundan sonra yapılacak çalışmalar için literatür özetlenerek konunun iyi ve eksik yönleri tartışılmıştır.
Optimization of dissolved oxygen in the removal of wastewater generated in a sawmill using response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Özkan Uğur , Kardeş Serkan , Cambazoglu Merve , Şahin Halil Turgut
Published: June 2024

This study aims to optimize dissolved oxygen levels in treating wastewater generated during the sawmill drying process, using response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental approach, employing three independent variables centrifuge time, centrifuge RPM, and microwave power, evaluates their impact on the effectiveness of wastewater treatment based on dissolved oxygen levels. Parameter ranges are set at 5-20 minutes for centrifuge time, 15-35 for centrifuge RPM, and 100-250 Watts for microwave power. Optimization results reveal the highest dissolved oxygen value with a centrifuge time of 20.00 minutes, centrifuge RPM of 35.00, and microwave power of 100.00 Watts, yielding a maximum value of 9.85 mg/L. ANOVA analysis of the obtained data confirms the compatibility of the proposed model with experimental results (p<0.05), with R2 and R2 (adj) values calculated at 98.53% and 95.90%, respectively. These findings authenticate the reliability of the proposed model and its alignment with experimental data. In addition, the Lack of fit value obtained as a result of ANOVA analysis was found to be 0.075. Ultimately, response surface methodology (RSM) demonstrates potential contributions to optimizing dissolved oxygen in wastewater treatment experiments.