bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wintertime Spatial Distribution of Ammonia and its Emission Sources in the Great Salt Lake Region
Authors: Moravek Alexander , Murphy Jennifer G. , Hrdina Amy , Lin John C. , Pennell Christopher , Franchin Alessandro , Middlebrook Ann M. , Fibiger Dorothy L. , Womack Caroline C. , McDuffie Erin E. , Martin Randal , Moore Kori , Baasandorj Munkhbayar , Brown Steven S.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Ammonium-containing aerosols are a major component of winter time air pollution in many densely populated regions around the world. Especially in mountain basins, the formation of persistent cold air pool (PCAP) periods can enhance particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) to levels above air quality standards. Under these conditions, PM2.5 in the Great Salt Lake Region of northern Utah has been shown to be primarily composed of ammonium nitrate, however, its formation processes and sources of its precursors are not fully understood. Hence, it is key to understand the emission sources of its gas-phase precursor, ammonia (NH3). To investigate the formation of ammonium nitrate, a suite of trace gases and aerosol composition were sampled from the NOAA Twin Otter aircraft during the Utah Winter Fine Particulate Study (UWFPS) in January and February 2017. NH3 was measured using a Quantum Cascade Tunable Infrared Laser Differential Absorption Spectrometer (QC-TILDAS), while aerosol composition, including particulate ammonium (pNH4), was measured with an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). The origin of the sampled air masses was investigated using the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model and combined with an NH3 emission inventory to obtain model-predicted NHx (= NH3 + pNH4) enhancements. Comparison of these NHx enhancements with measured NHx from the Twin Otter shows that modelled values are a factor of 1.6 to 4.4 lower for the three major valleys in the region. Among these, the underestimation is largest for Cache Valley, an area with intensive agricultural activities. We find that one explanation for the underestimation of wintertime emissions may be the seasonality factors applied to NH3 emissions from livestock. An investigation of inter-valley exchange revealed that transport of NH3 between major valleys was limited and PM2.5 in Salt Lake Valley (the most densely populated area in Utah) was not significantly impacted by NH3 from the agricultural areas in Cache Valley. We found that in Salt Lake Valley around two thirds of NHx originated within the valley, while about 30 % originated from mobile source and 60 % from area source emissions in the region. For Cache Valley, a large fraction of NOx potentially leading to PM2.5 formation may not be locally emitted but mixed in from other counties.
Continuous atmospheric CO2, CH4 and CO measurements at the OPE station in France from 2011 to 2018
Authors: Conil Sébastien , Helle Julie , Langrene Laurent , Laurent Olivier , Ramonet Michel
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Located in the North East of France, the Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement (OPE) station was built during the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) Demonstration Experiment to monitor the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. Its continental rural background setting allows to fill the gaps between oceanic or mountain background stations and urban stations within the ICOS network. Continuous measurements of several greenhouse gases using high precision spectrometers started in 2011 on a tall tower with three sampling inlets at 10 m, 50 m and 120 m above the ground. The measurements quality are regularly assessed using several complementary approaches based on reference high pressure cylinders, traveling instruments audit and sets of travelling cylinders (so-called cucumber intercomparison). Thanks to the quality assurance strategy recommended by ICOS, the measurements precision are within the WMO compatibility goals for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). The mixing ratios time series from 2011 to end of 2018 allow analyses of trends and diurnal and seasonal cycles. The CO2 and CH4 annual growth rates are respectively 2.4 ppm/year and 8.8 ppb/year for the 120 m above ground measurements over the investigated period. No significant trend has however been recorded for the CO mixing ratios. The afternoon mean residuals of these three compounds are significantly stronger during the cold period when inter-species correlations are high, compared to the warm period. The residuals variabilities show a close link with the air masses back-trajectories.
Characterising low-cost sensors in highly portable platforms to quantify personal exposure in diverse environments
Authors: Chatzidiakou Lia , Krause Anika , Popoola Olalekan A. M. , Di Antonio Andrea , Kellaway Mike , Han Yiqun , Squires Freya A. , Wang Teng , Zhang Hanbin , Wang Qi , Fan Yunfei , Chen Shiyi , Hu Min , Quint Jennifer K. , Barratt Benjamin , Kelly Frank J. , Zhu Tong , Jones Roderic L.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The inaccurate quantification of personal exposure to air pollution introduces error and bias in health estimations, severely limiting causal inference in epidemiological research worldwide. Rapid advancements in affordable, miniaturised air pollution sensor technologies offer the potential to address this limitation by capturing the high variability of personal exposure during daily life in large-scale studies with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. However, concerns remain regarding the suitability of novel sensing technologies for scientific and policy purposes. In this paper we characterise the performance of a portable personal air quality monitor (PAM) that integrates multiple miniaturised sensors for nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) measurements along with temperature, relative humidity, acceleration, noise and GPS sensors. Overall, the air pollution sensors showed excellent agreement with standard instrumentation in outdoor, indoor and commuting microenvironments across seasons and different geographical settings. An important outcome of this study is that the error of the PAM is significantly smaller than the error introduced when estimating personal exposure based on sparsely distributed outdoor fixed monitoring stations. Hence, novel sensing technologies as the ones demonstrated here can revolutionise health studies by providing highly resolved reliable exposure metrics at large scale to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of air pollution on health.
Calcification and distribution of extant coccolithophores across the Drake Passage during late austral summer 2016
Authors: Saavedra-Pellitero Mariem , Baumann Karl-Heinz , Fuertes Miguel Ángel , Schulz Hartmut , Marcon Yann , Vollmar Nele Manon , Flores José-Abel , Lamy Frank
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Coccolithophores are globally distributed microscopic marine algae that exert a major influence on the global carbon cycle through calcification and primary productivity. There is recent interest in coccolithophore polar communities, however field observations regarding their biogeographic distribution are scarce for the Southern Ocean. This study documents the latitudinal variability in the coccolithophore assemblage composition and the coccolith mass variation of the ecologically dominant Emiliania huxleyi across the Drake Passage. Ninety-six water samples were taken between 10 and 150 m water depth from 18 stations during POLARSTERN Expedition PS97 (February–April, 2016). A minimum of 200 coccospheres per sample were classified in scanning electron microscope and coccolith mass was estimated with light microscopy, using the C-Calcita software. We find that coccolithophore abundance and diversity decrease southwards marking different oceanographic fronts as ecological boundaries. We characterize three zones: (1) the Chilean margin, where E. huxleyi type A (normal and overcalcified) and type R are present; (2) the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), where E. huxleyi reaches maximum values of 212.5×103cells/L and types B/C, C, O are dominant. (3) The Polar Front Zone (PFZ), where E. huxleyi types B/C and C dominate. We link the decreasing trend in E. huxleyi coccolith mass to the poleward latitudinal succesion from type A to type B group. Remarkably, we find that coccolith mass is strongly anticorrelated to total alkalinity, total CO2, bicarbonate ion and pH. We speculate that low temperatures are a greater limiting factor than carbonate chemistry in the Southern Ocean. However, further in situ oceanographical data is needed to verify the proposed relationships. We hypothesize that assemblage composition and calcification modes of E. huxleyi in the Drake Passage will be strongly influenced by the ongoing climate change.
Lability classification of soil organic matter in the northern permafrost region
Authors: Kuhry Peter , Bárta Jiři , Blok Daan , Elberling Bo , Faucherre Samuel , Hugelius Gustaf , Richter Andreas , Šantrůčková Hana , Weiss Niels
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) in soils and deposits of the northern permafrost region are sensitive to global warming and permafrost thawing. The potential release of this carbon (C) as greenhouse gases to the atmosphere does not only depend on the total quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) affected by warming and thawing, but also on its lability (i.e. the rate at which it will decay). In this study we develop a simple and robust classification scheme of SOM lability for the main types of soils and deposits of the northern permafrost region. The classification is based on widely available soil geochemical parameters and landscape unit classes, which makes it useful for upscaling to the entire northern permafrost region. We have analyzed the relationship between C content and C-CO2 production rates of soil samples in two different types of laboratory incubation experiment. In one experiment, c. 240 soil samples from four study areas were incubated using the same protocol (at 5 °C, aerobically) over a period of one year. Here we present C release rates measured on day 343 of incubation. These long-term results are compared to those obtained from short-term incubations of c. 1000 samples (at 12 °C, aerobically) from an additional three study areas. In these experiments, C-CO2 production rates were measured over the first four days of incubation. We have focused our analyses on the relationship between C-CO2 production per gram dry weight per day (µgC-CO2 gdw−1 d−1) and C content (%C of dry weight) in the samples, but show that relationships are consistent when using C / N ratios or different production units such as µgC per gram soil C per day (µgC-CO2 gC−1 d−1) or per cm alluvial deposits and mineral upland soils (including peaty wetlands) > Pleistocene Yedoma deposits > C-enriched pockets in cryoturbated soils > peat deposits. Thus, three of the most important SOC storage classes in the northern permafrost region (Yedoma, cryoturbated soils and peatlands) show low relative SOM lability. Previous research has suggested that SOM in these pools is relatively undecomposed and the reasons for the observed resistance to decomposition in our experiments needs urgent attention if we want to better constrain the magnitude of the thawing permafrost carbon feedback on global warming.
Testing a failure surface prediction and deposit reconstruction method for a landslide cluster that occurred during Typhoon Talas (Japan)
Authors: Jaboyedoff Michel , Chigira Masahiro , Arai Noriyuki , Derron Marc-Henri , Rudaz Benjamin , Tsou Ching-Ying
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Reconstructions of failure surfaces (prior to
potential landslides or after their release), landslide deposits, or other
palaeotopographic features are important for hazard and erosion assessment.
The volumes involved in landslide and failure surfaces constrain the
propagation of a landslide, and knowledge of the past topography helps
us to understand these hazards. Some methods exist to characterise landslide geometry, but these methods
usually require monitoring information. This study tries to assess the
validity of the sloping local base level (SLBL) method for this purpose. Two
sets of airborne lidar digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Kii Peninsula
(Japan) are used: the first one was acquired before Typhoon Talas, and the
second one was acquired after. A total of 70 deep-seated landslides occurred
during this event between 2 and 5 September 2011. This study shows that the SLBL method is efficient using either the slope
deformations identifiable on the DEM before the release of the landslide or
a reliable 2.5-D failure surface created by using both DEMs (the 2.5-D
corresponds to a surface which has only one z value for each
x–y coordinate; in other words, no true vertical topography or overhang can be
represented perfectly). In addition, this method allows for the reconstruction
of eroded deposits and buried valleys. Most of the volumes estimated are
within ±35 % of the estimation made by Chigira et al. (2013), and
the coefficients of expansion range from 10 % to 25 %. These results show
considerable sensitivity to the parameters used for the reconstruction
of the landslide volume estimations and demonstrate the need for an
efficient and fast tool to reconstruct potential landslide geometries or
histories.
Future shift in winter streamflow modulated by internal variability of climate in southern Ontario
Authors: Champagne Olivier , Arain Altaf , Leduc Martin , Coulibaly Paulin , McKenzie Shawn
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Fluvial systems in southern Ontario are regularly affected by widespread early-spring flood events primarily caused by rain-on-snow events. Recent studies have shown an increase in winter floods in this region due to increasing winter temperature and precipitation. Streamflow simulations are associated with uncertainties tied to the internal variability of climate. These uncertainties can be assessed using hydrological models fed by downscaled Global Climate Model Large Ensemble (GCM-LE) data. The Canadian Regional Climate Model Large Ensemble (CRCM5-LE), a dynamically downscaled version of a GCM-LE, was developed to simulate climate variability over northeastern North America under different future climate scenarios. In this study, CRCM5-LE temperature and precipitation projections under RCP 8.5 scenario were used as input in the Precipitation Runoff Modelling System (PRMS) to simulate near future (2040s) streamflow for four watersheds in southern Ontario. Model simulations show that 14 % of the ensemble project a high (low) increase of streamflow volume in January-February. Streamflow increases may be driven by rain and snowmelt modulation caused by the development of high (low) pressure anomalies in North America’s East Coast. Additionally, the streamflow may be enhanced by high pressure circulation patterns directly over the Great Lakes creating warm conditions and increasing snowmelt and rainfall/snowfall ratio (16 %). These results are important to assess the internal variability of the hydrological projections and to inform society of increased winter streamflow.
Atmospheric circulation changes and their impact on extreme sea levels around Australia
Authors: Colberg Frank , McInnes Kathleen L. , O'Grady Julian , Hoeke Ron
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Projections of sea level rise (SLR) will lead to increasing coastal impacts
during extreme sea level events globally; however, there is significant
uncertainty around short-term coastal sea level variability and the attendant
frequency and severity of extreme sea level events. In this study, we
investigate drivers of coastal sea level variability (including extremes)
around Australia by means of historical conditions as well as future changes
under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP 8.5). To do this, a
multi-decade hindcast simulation is validated against tide gauge data. The
role of tide–surge interaction is assessed and found to have negligible
effects on storm surge characteristic heights over most of the coastline. For
future projections, 20-year-long simulations are carried out over the
time periods 1981–1999 and 2081–2099 using atmospheric forcing from four
CMIP5 climate models. Changes in extreme sea levels are apparent, but there
are large inter-model differences. On the southern mainland coast all models
simulated a southward movement of the subtropical ridge which led to a small
reduction in sea level extremes in the hydrodynamic simulations. Sea level
changes over the Gulf of Carpentaria in the north are largest and positive
during austral summer in two out of the four models. In these models, changes to
the northwest monsoon appear to be the cause of the sea level response. These
simulations highlight a sensitivity of this semi-enclosed gulf to changes in
large-scale dynamics in this region and indicate that further assessment of
the potential changes to the northwest monsoon in a larger multi-model
ensemble should be investigated, together with the northwest monsoon's effect on extreme sea levels.
Burckhardt among Basel, Berlin and Athens
Authors: Moerbeck Guilherme
Published: May 2019

This article is divided in two parts: in the first one, the focus will be young Jacob Burckhardt’s environment, his studies in Berlin under the supervision of Leopold von Ranke and some of his theoretic concerns around the Cultural History. The second part is to better understand how and why Burckhardt incorporated some of the main discussions of political theory from his own time, especially those of A. Tocqueville, J. Stuart Mill and Edmund Burke.  We also aim to comprehend how the Swiss historian fashioned what I’m calling here: “the game of the mirror – from modernity to Ancient History”, i.e., the author’s reading of the Ancient World with a sort of disenchantment which came along with the process of modernization of Europe in the XIX’s.
Coutos e Exílios em Portugal e Brasil
Authors: Pieroni Geraldo Magela
Published: May 2019

Degredar criminosos para locais distantes do âmbito de sua convivência comunitária consistia em uma prática jurídica amplamente utilizada desde a Antiguidade. A história do degredo em Portugal remonta à criação de lugares específicos nos quais os criminosos eram enviados: os Coutos de Homizios e Honras.  O degredo em Portugal tomou novos rumos com a expansão colonizadora além-mar. Entre os portugueses que pisaram pela primeira vez em território inimigo conquistado ou em alguma região antes desconhecida, havia sempre lugar reservado aos deportados. As Ordenações Filipinas, 1603, explícita que as terras do Brasil sejam lugares de degredo. Durante todo o período colonial, os desterrados continuaram a chegar no território brasileiro. Eles foram muitos, no entanto, neste artigo, tratarei principalmente do ilustre degredado português cujo nome era D. Francisco Manuel de Melo.
POLÍTICA DE COTAS NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: LUTAS E DESAFIOS NO COMBATE À POBREZA E DESIGUALDADE DE ESTUDANTES NEGROS
Authors: EVANGELISTA JOELMA INÊS , Maciel Carina Elisabeth
Published: May 2019

Este artigo possui como objetivo estabelecer uma discussão sobre a situação de vulnerabilidade de estudantes negros/as e enfatizar a importância da política de cotas como uma forma de democratizar o acesso desses jovens à educação superior, a metodologia utilizada para a produção será por meio de análise bibliográfica e dados públicos que permitam relacionar o contexto da educação e pobreza com as discussões sobre o acesso à educação superior de pessoas negras. A partir da discussão foi possível constatar que o acesso de estudantes negros é prejudicado por fatores socioeconômicos e históricos que os colocam em comparação com os estudantes brancos em condições inferiores de acesso e a política de cotas representa um meio para que esses estudantes possam competir pelas vagas na educação superior com aqueles que tiveram as mesmas condições tornando, portanto o processo seletivo mais digno.
DESAFIOS PARA A GARANTIA DO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO DOS ALUNOS EM SITUAÇÃO DE POBREZA: QUEM SÃO OS POBRES NO PLANO ESTADUAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DO TOCANTINS?
Authors: Freire Juciley Silva Evangelista , Freire José Carlos Da Silveira
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo é parte da pesquisa realizada na Iniciativa Educação, Pobreza e Desigualdade Social na Universidade Federal do Tocantins que objetivou conhecer como as políticas educacionais pensam os sujeitos em situação de pobreza e extrema pobreza. Tem por objetivo apreender quem são os pobres no planejamento da educação que se materializa no Plano Estadual de Educação (2015-2025) do Tocantins. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise documental, fundamentada no referencial teórico que estabelece a relação entre educação, pobreza e desigualdade social e aquele que reafirma os Planos Educacionais como o eixo norteador das políticas educacionais. Os resultados demonstram que os sujeitos pobres a quem são direcionadas metas e estratégias de equiparação das desigualdades educacionais são os alunos beneficiários de programas de transferência de renda, os quilombolas, indígenas, os do campo e alunos com deficiências, ou seja, aqueles que historicamente vêm sendo alijados de seus direitos mais fundamentais, entre eles a educação.
PROJETOS DE VIDA E EDUCAÇÃO: NARRATIVAS DE JOVENS DAS CAMADAS POPULARES SOBRE SUAS EXPERIÊNCIAS
Authors: Silva Ivone Maria Mendes , Leme Maria Isabel Silva
Published: May 2019

Este artigo analisa reflexões produzidas em situação de entrevista por jovens estudantes de escolas públicas, moradores de uma favela de Belo Horizonte, sobre o papel da escola em seus projetos de futuro. Discute também os sentidos atribuídos por esses sujeitos às suas experiências educativas e como estas se relacionam com os contextos escolares e sociais empobrecidos nos quais se inserem. Os resultados apontam que, para a maioria deles, a valorização da educação escolar e dos projetos a ela relacionados mostrou-se possível quando encontraram na escola uma fonte de apoio e incentivo, personificada sobretudo na figura de determinados professores, mas também em ações promovidas pela comunidade escolar para fortalecer as escolas em questão como espaços de resistência, cidadania inclusiva e enfrentamento das desigualdades.
QUALIFICAÇÃO SOCIAL E PROFISSIONAL A PARTIR DA LÓGICA DOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS DO CAMPO
Authors: De Oliveira Edna Castro , Ferreira Maria Geovana Melim
Published: May 2019

O texto aborda resultados de pesquisa de mestrado realizada a partir da implementação do Programa ProJovem Campo Saberes da Terra (PJC-ST) no ES, voltado para a escolarização de camponeses com Qualificação Social e Profissional (QSP) na modalidade EJA. Tem como objetivo explicitar os desafios postos aos processos formativos no contexto do campo nas práticas de Educação Profissional. Toma como aportes teóricos a educação popular, os fundamentos e princípios da agroecologia e o trabalho como princípio educativo para o exercício da integração curricular. A metodologia da sistematização é assumida como forma de revisitar a prática e analisá-la criticamente. Os resultados indicam contribuições para o campo da política pública de EJA, tendo o diálogo de saberes, a alternância pedagógica e as práticas de QSP como elementos integradores do currículo.
Qualidade de vida de estudantes de mestrado e doutorado em enfermagem
Authors: Quina Galdino Maria José , Trevisan Martins Júlia , Perfeito Ribeiro Renata , Rolim Scholze Alessandro , Scarpin Tsukamoto Sirlene Aparecida , Fernandez Lourenço Haddad Maria do Carmo
Published: May 2019

Este estudo objetivou analisar a qualidade de vida eseus preditores entre estudantes de mestrado e doutorado em enfermagem. Pesquisa transversal com 129 pós-graduandos de três universidades públicas da Região Sul do Brasil. Para coleta utilizou-se um questionário para caracterização e o WHOQOL–Bref. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e múltipla. Qualidade de vida física obteve o maior valor mediano e as relações sociais, o menor. Sedentarismo, insatisfação com o tema de pesquisa, dificuldade de conciliar estudos e vida pessoal, tabagismo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, preocupação com o prazo para conclusão do curso e relacionamento insatisfatório com os docentes estiveram associados significativamente às menores percepções de qualidade de vida. Houve indícios que a formação stricto sensuimpactou negativamente a qualidade de vida dos pesquisados, visto que a maioria dos fatores associados que a influenciaram desfavoravelmente foram variáveis relacionadas ao contexto acadêmico.
Efetividade de intervenções educativas sobre contracepção na adolescência: revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Praxedes Marcela Lima Silveira , Queiroz Maria Veraci Oliveira
Published: May 2019

O objetivo foi investigar a efetividade das intervenções educativas sobre contracepção na adolescência. Realizou-se busca nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe (LILACS), Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature(CINAHL), Web of Science e no portalNational Library of Medicine (PubMed/Medline), obedecendo aos critérios de inclusão: estudos que avaliem a efetividade de intervenções educativas sobre contracepção na adolescência, disponíveis na íntegra, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Observando os critérios de elegibilidade, obteve-se uma amostra de oito artigos. Observaram-se diferentes estratégias educativas sobre contracepção na adolescência utilizadas em diversos contextos e cenários, cujas intervenções mostraram-se efetivas, promovendo mudanças no conhecimento e/ou nas atitudes, evidenciando autoeficácia na prevenção de gravidez e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Conclui-se, portanto, que as intervenções educativas se mostraram efetivas na promoção da saúde sexual e reprodutiva dos adolescentes.
“Horror More Horrible From Being Vague, and Terror More Terrible From Ambiguity”
Authors: Conner Staci Poston
Published: May 2019

Edgar Allan Poe famously depicts the emergence of confined bodies in excessive or grotesque ways, as both living and dead bodies physically come out of graves, walls, and other forms of entombment in a variety of his tales. These failed confinements that do not successfully contain the entombed continue in later Gothic literature. Poe's “Berenice” (1835) and Charlotte Perkins Gilman's “The Giant Wistaria” (1891) both depict buried bodies reemerging from graves. In these works, the line between dead and alive becomes skewed as the grave, the appropriate space for a dead body, is occupied by something still living or otherwise unsettled. Manipulating the Gothic trope of confinement, Poe and Gilman place undead characters in liminal spaces where they exist between two clear, defined states. In these confined spaces, characters hover between sanity and insanity, reality and fantasy, childhood innocence and adulthood sexuality, or life and death while attempting to navigate their own changing identities. Examining the liminal nature of characters in these two works provides a framework for better understanding how ambiguity and uncertainty serve a crucial role in the Gothic genre. Additionally, exploring connections between these two authors contributes to understandings of Poe's and Gilman's relationship and connections between their Gothic works.
Agreement with conjoined singular noun phrases in Icelandic
Authors: Thorvaldsdóttir Thorbjorg
Published: May 2019

This article presents results from a study on agreement with conjoined singular noun phrases in Icelandic. A survey was conducted to elicit agreement choices on two agreement targets (predicate adjectives and personal pronouns) with agreement controllers from four individuation levels (human, animal, countable object, uncountable abstract). The aim was to provide an overview of the strategies for determining agreement with conjoined noun phrases in Icelandic, and examine whether two typological hierarchies – the Agreement Hierarchy and the Individuation Hierarchy – can predict the distribution of agreement options. This research identifies and examines five different agreement strategies with conjoined singular noun phrases in Icelandic. The distribution of these patterns in relation to the two hierarchies is evaluated with the aim of discerning what influences agreement choices. Both typological hierarchies are shown to affect the choice of agreement strategies. In addition to discussing semantic resolution, syntactic resolution, and partial agreement in Icelandic – this paper identifies and argues for two types of neuter default agreement. The first is neuter plural, a fixed value for agreement with conjoined noun phrases, and the second is neuter singular: semantic default agreement triggered by referents that are low on the Individuation Hierarchy. This research presents new data that has implications for the understanding of agreement with conjoined noun phrases and the function of neuter in Icelandic and related languages.
Grammatical Equivalence of Animal Science Terms Translation
Authors: Istri Aryani I Gusti Agung , Sudipa I Nengah , Putra Yadnya Ida Bagus , Dhanawaty Ni Made
Published: May 2019

Translating specific language for a special subject such as animal science terms should have an understanding of the knowledge. The results of translation in their forms also give effect to their meaning in order to obtain the equivalence and adaptation from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL). This study aims at finding equivalence in the form of translation including their effect of meaning translated from English (SL) into Indonesian (TL). Qualitative method is used to analyze the translation of languages with a descriptive explanation. Both languages have their own grammatical rules which have varieties of translation, especially for the result of findings in TL. The grammatical equivalence found in numbers of nouns and noun phrases. Majorly, they were found with the suffix –s for the plural form in SL and translated without reduplication in TL to show their adaptation as a scientific language. In some cases, the terms in SL were translated into collective words and conjunction. It showed in scientific languages, both languages have their own rules to give equivalence of forms in SL and TL including their meaning.
Parenting Styles, Sex Education Locality and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Teenagers’ Experiment with Sex
Authors: Olubunmi Mokuolu Bolade , Oluyemi Ilori Stephen , Samuel Ajiboye Adedotun
Published: May 2019

The issue of sexuality among teenagers was investigated in this study to assess factors that could predispose them to it. Factors such as parenting style, sex education, locality and self-efficacy were assessed to know the extent of their influence on teenagers’ experiment with sex. Three hundred and Sixty four students (220 males, 67 Females In Agege and Ipaja Local government, Lagos State and 44 males, 33 Females in Esure, Ekiti State) participated in the study. Result showed that permissive and authoritarian parenting styles influence teenagers’ experiment with sex, while authoritative parenting does not. Also sex education and self-efficacy significantly predict sex experimentation. There is also relationship between experimenting with sex and self-efficacy, permissive parenting, authoritarian parenting and sex education, but not significantly related to authoritative parenting. The study found a significant main effect of sex and locality on experimenting with sex, while teenagers in rural setting are significantly higher in experimenting with sex and authoritarian parenting than their counterparts in urban setting,  those in urban setting are significantly higher in self-efficacy, authoritative parenting and comprehensive sex education.
A Mathematical Model for Simulating Meteor Showers
Authors: Cardinot Marcos , Namen Anderson
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a mathematical model to simulate the trajectory of a meteor as seen by a single observer located anywhere on Earth. Our strategy is to define a new coordinate system, called Radiant Coordinate System, which is centered on the observer and has its z-axis aligned with the radiant. This new coordinate system allows us to describe the meteors’ path by applying a reduced number of equations in a simple solution. We also present a computational implementation of this model, which is developed as a new plug-in of Stellarium, a free and open-source planetarium software. Moreover, we show that our model can be used to simulate both meteor showers and sporadic meteors. In particular, meteor showers are simulated using data provided by real catalogs.
Mathematical Modeling and Parameter Estimation of Battery Lifetime using a Combined Electrical Model and a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Binelo Marcia De Fatima Brondani , Sausen Airam Teresa Zago Romcy , Sausen Paulo Sérgio , Binelo Manuel Osório
Published: May 2019

In this paper, a parametrization methodology based on the Genetic Algorithm meta-heuristic is proposed for the Chen and Rincón-Mora model parameter estimation, this model is used for the mathematical modeling of the Lithium-ion Polymer batteries lifetime. The model is also parametrized using the conventional procedures, which is based on the visual analysis of pulsed discharge curves, as presented in the literature. For both parametrization procedures, and for the model validation, experimental data obtained from a platform test are used. The results show that the proposed Genetic Algorithm is able to parametrize the model with better efficacy, presenting lower mean error, and also is a more agile process than the conventional one, been less subject to subjective aspects.
2019/3 It was not sexual orientation discrimination for a baker to refuse to provide a cake with a slogan supporting gay marriage (UK)
Authors: Kristophersen Soren
Published: May 2019

2019/3 It was not sexual orientation discrimination for a baker to refuse to provide a cake with a slogan supporting gay marriage (UK)

The Supreme Court has ruled that a baker’s refusal to provide a cake with a slogan supporting gay marriage was not sexual orientation discrimination, nor discrimination on grounds of political belief. The Northern Ireland bakery was owned by Christians who had religious objections to gay marriage (they thought Christian doctrine holds that marriage can only take place between a man and a woman). Gay marriage is not legal in Northern Ireland, although it is in the rest of the United Kingdom. Gay couples can enter into a ‘civil partnership’ in Northern Ireland, which formalises the relationship and provides it with legal recognition in a similar way to marriage.
2019/5 For how long may data of a job applicant be stored? (AT)
Authors: Mantler Sophie , Tinhofer Andreas
Published: May 2019

2019/5 For how long may data of a job applicant be stored? (AT)

A provision of Dutch law, according to which employees who lose their jobs upon retirement are excluded from the right to statutory severance compensation, is not in breach of the Framework Directive.
2019/7 Municipalities’ repatriation of home care services did not constitute a transfer of undertaking (DK)
Authors: Clasen Christiaan K.
Published: May 2019

2019/7 Municipalities’ repatriation of home care services did not constitute a transfer of undertaking (DK)

The Danish Western High Court recently ruled that the Danish Act on Employees’ Rights on Transfers of Undertakings did not apply to two municipalities’ repatriation of home care services after a private-sector service provider went bankrupt.
2019/8 Supreme Court rules on transfer of undertaking (FI)
Authors: Nurminen Janne
Published: May 2019

2019/8 Supreme Court rules on transfer of undertaking (FI)

The Finnish Supreme Court held that a transfer of undertaking had taken place in a situation where no contract of transfer was concluded.
2019/11 Resignation or constructive dismissal? (RO)
Authors: Suciu Andreea
Published: May 2019

2019/11 Resignation or constructive dismissal? (RO)

The Iasi Court of Appeal has held that a request for resignation completed and signed after various forms of pressure from the employee’s superiors does not represent a termination of an individual labour agreement on the initiative of the employee, but a constructive dismissal.
Some inequalities of Ostrowski and Grüss type for triple integrals on time scales
Authors: Mir Nazir Ahmad , Ullah Roman
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we establish some inequalities of Ostrowski and Grüss type for triple integrals on arbitrary time scales involving three functions and their partial derivatives. We also discuss the discrete Ostrowski and Grüss type inequalities for triple sumon time scale.
Classification of $h$-homogeneous production functions with constant elasticity of substitution
Authors: Chen Bang-Yen
Published: May 2019

Almost all economic theories presuppose a production function, either on the firm level or the aggregate level. In this sense the production function is one of the key concepts of mainstream neoclassical theories. There is a very important class of production functions that are often analyzed in both microeconomics and macroeonomics; namely, $h$-homogeneous production functions. This class of production functions includes two important production functions; namely, the generalized Cobb-Douglas production functions and ACMS production functions. It was proved in 2010 by L. Losonczi \cite{L} that twice differentiable two-inputs $h$-homogeneous production functions with constant elasticity of substitution (CES) property are Cobb-Douglas' and ACMS production functions. Lozonczi also pointed out in \cite{L} that his proof does not work for production functions of $n$-inputs with $n>2$
Neighborhood connected edge domination in graphs
Authors: M.P. Kulandaivel , Sivagnanam C. , Selvaraju P.
Published: May 2019

Let G = (V,E) be a connected graph. An edge dominating set X of G is called a neighborhood connected edge dominating set (nced-set) if the edge induced subgraph < N(X) > is connected. The minimum cardinality of a nced-set of G is called the neighborhood connected edge domination number of G and is denoted by. In this paper we initiate a study of this parameter.
Die Verfolgungen wegen der sexuellen Orientierung und der Geschlechtsidentität als Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit
Authors: Kappler Katrin
Published: May 2019

From an interdisciplinary perspective, this book analyses the definition of gender in the Rome Statute with regard to the question of whether sexual orientation and gender identity are included in it. On the basis of this analysis, its author shows that although sexual orientation and gender identity are human rights, both elements are not included in the definition. Moreover, she shows that this lack of protection needs to be redressed because persecution based on sexual orientation and gender identity is comparable in its gravity with the grounds for prosecution already codified in the Statute, and subsequently proposes some ways in which this failing could be rectified.
Educational Ethical Challenges in the Viewpoint of Students in Medical Sciences: A Qualitative Study with Content Analysis Approach
Authors: Abedini Samireh , Imani Elham , Fazli Abbas
Published: May 2019

Background: Ethical behaviors of students can result from moral decisions based on moral knowledge and dispositions of them. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the students’ perception of educational ethical challenges. Methods: This qualitative study used a content analysis approach. Purposeful sampling was used to select participants. In order to collect data, in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. Each interview lasted approximately 60 to 100 minutes. The analysis of data was performed simultaneously with data collection using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Results: Data saturation reached after interviewing with 40 students. The students were studying in the fields of medicine, nursing, midwifery, paramedicine, allied health, dentistry, and pharmacy. There were 45% were men and 55% were women in the sample. The average age of men and women was 22 ± 1 and 22 ± 1.04 years, respectively. After the analysis of interviews, three themes including scientific challenges, communication challenges, and professional challenges and eight categories were achieved. Conclusions: The study indicate that students are facing scientific, communication, and professional challenges in education. Therefore, the factors influencing ethics in education must identify to increase the effectiveness of education and strength moral values in medical education.
Dermoscopy Use in Primary Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fee Jonathan A. , McGrady Finbar P. , Rosendahl Cliff , Hart Nigel D.
Published: May 2019

Background: Patients in many countries with new or changing skin lesions will first consult a primary care physician, often called a general practitioner (GP). With the dramatic rise in melanoma incidence over recent decades, dermoscopy offers a tool with an evidence base supporting its use in skin lesion assessment. How GPs use dermoscopy is unclear.

Objectives: A scoping literature review was carried out to examine the current state of published evidence about dermoscopy use in primary care.

Methods: The methodological steps taken in this review followed those developed by Arksey and O’Malley, as revised by Levac and colleagues. Four electronic databases were searched for evidence published up to January 2018 describing the use of dermoscopy in a generalist primary care setting. Seven articles were identified for analysis.

Results: All included articles have been published since 2007. Most were questionnaire studies and revealed that generally a small minority of GPs use dermoscopy, although some jurisdictions such as Australia report greater use. Dermoscopy is generally used only for the assessment of pigmented skin lesions, but is not used consistently. Several perceived barriers to dermoscopy use, including the need for training, have been reported.

Conclusions: There is a paucity of data on dermoscopy use among GPs, and diversity in questionnaire items prevents comparison between jurisdictions. Perceived barriers to dermoscopy use require more in-depth exploration, potentially including qualitative data, to evaluate them more fully. Understanding these factors, including how GPs train in dermoscopy, will be crucial in widening dermoscopy use in primary care.
Dermoscopy in the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Serarslan Gamze , Ekiz Özlem , Özer Cahit , Sarıkaya Gökhan
Published: May 2019

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a protozoan infectious disease. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that has been applied to several skin diseases, including infestations.

Objectives: To determine the dermoscopic patterns of CL lesions and to investigate whether a relationship exists between dermoscopic characteristics and the disease duration, localization, and type of CL lesions.

Methods: Seventy-nine patients (48 male, 31 female) from Hatay, Turkey, were enrolled in the study and a dermoscopic evaluation was performed on 139 lesions. Images of CL lesions were taken via polarized light contact dermoscopy. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used for statistical analyses and P values <0.05 were considered significant.

Results: Generalized erythema was seen in all CL lesions. Vascular structures (94.2%), yellow tears (75.5%), and a white starburst-like pattern (58.3%) were the other most common dermoscopic features. Hyperkeratosis (P = 0.001) and white starburst-like pattern (P < 0.001) were more prevalent in the extremities than elsewhere. Among vascular structures, linear irregular (45.8%), hairpin (43.5%), and comma-shaped (25.9%) patterns were the most common dermoscopic findings. Linear irregular (P = 0.023) and arborizing vessels (P = 0.001) were observed in the head-neck region. Dotted (P = 0.009), hairpin (P < 0.001), and glomerular-like (P = 0.016) morphological findings were more prevalent in the extremities. Statistical significances in disease duration were detected in microarborizing (P = 0.027) and arborizing (P = 0.004) vessels and were most prevalent with a disease duration of >6 months. Hairpin vessels were prevalent in the plaque and nodulo-ulcerative type of lesions. Dotted vessels were most commonly seen in the plaque type (47.4%) of lesions.

Conclusions: Generalized erythema, yellow tears, and starburst-like patterns, as well as linear irregular, hairpin, comma-shaped, and arborizing vessels, were the most commonly detected dermoscopic features of CL lesions. We suggest that the presence of these features can be helpful when diagnosing CL lesions by dermoscopy.
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid-Associated Malignancies. Case Series and a Brief Overview of the Literature
Authors: La Placa Michelangelo , Balestri Riccardo , Tartari Federico , Sechi Andrea , Ferrara Francesca , Loi Camilla , Patrizi Annalisa , Bardazzi Federico
Published: May 2019

Background: Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a heterogeneous group of blistering disorders affecting the mucosae with or without skin involvement, characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to components of the basement membrane zone, including the bullous pemphigoid antigen BP180 and β4 integrin. Current literature has shown that a minority of patients present circulating antibodies to laminin-332 and this population seems to be associated with a relatively high risk of malignancy.

Objective: To present our personal case series of patients with MMP-associated malignancy from a dermatology university hospital.

Methods: Twenty-two patients affected by MMP were seen in the period between 2001 and 2016; in 4 patients (18%) an associated cancer was detected.

Results: These patients were 2 men and 2 women, with a mean age of 69.7 years (range, 48-83). The associated malignancies included a breast cancer, a pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a metastatic laryngeal carcinoma, and a hepatic carcinoma. All patients had negative results for both BP180 and laminin-332 autoantibodies.

Conclusion: We confirm that MMP patients have a relatively high possibility of developing a solid cancer, but the autoantibody detection is not mandatory and is probably correlated with the severity of the disease.
Total Body Skin Examination Practices: A Survey Study Amongst Dermatologists at High-Risk Skin Cancer Clinics
Authors: Bajaj Shirin , Wolner Zachary J. , Dusza Stephen W. , Braun Ralph P. , Marghoob Ashfaq A. , DeFazio Jennifer
Published: May 2019

Background/Objectives: Although total body skin examination (TBSE) is the primary screening mechanism for melanoma, there is no consensus on which anatomic sites a screening TBSE should include. We sought to establish which anatomic sites are examined during routine (>90%) TBSEs of patients at high risk for skin cancer.

Methods: A Google survey was emailed to 173 international dermatologist skin cancer specialists.

Results: More than 75% of participants reported routinely examining the scalp, ears, face and neck, trunk, breasts, inframammary areas, axillae, extremities, palms and soles, nails, interdigital spaces, and buttocks. The least frequently inspected anatomic sites included genitalia, with male genitalia more frequently examined than female (penis n = 39; 52%; labia majora n = 21; 28%; P = 0.003), the perianal region (n = 26; 34.7%), and the ocular conjunctiva and oral mucosa (n = 35; 46.7%). Participants cited not screening these areas because of perceived patient discomfort, low prevalence of malignancy, and the expectation that other specialists examine the area.

Conclusions: The role of routine surveillance of neglected anatomic sites is unclear and warrants further discussion weighing potential mortality benefit against the incidence of melanoma in obscure sites, morbidity of intervention in sensitive sites, cost-effectiveness, and potential for patient discomfort.