bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of nutrition risk screening using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool across a large metropolitan health service
Authors: Cooper P. L. , Raja R. , Golder J. , Stewart A. J. , Shaikh R. F. , Apostolides M. , Savva J. , Sequeira J. L. , Silvers M. A.
Published: May 2016

Background

A standardised nutrition risk screening (NRS) programme with ongoing education is recommended for the successful implementation of NRS. This project aimed to develop and implement a standardised NRS and education process across the adult bed‐based services of a large metropolitan health service and to achieve a 75% NRS compliance at 12 months post‐implementation.

Methods

A working party of Monash Health (MH) dietitians and a nutrition technician revised an existing NRS medical record form consisting of the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and nutrition management guidelines. Nursing staff across six MH hospital sites were educated in the use of this revised form and there was a formalised implementation process. Support from Executive Management, nurse educators and the Nutrition Risk Committee ensured the incorporation of NRS into nursing practice. Compliance audits were conducted pre‐ and post‐implementation.

Results

At 12 months post‐implementation, organisation‐wide NRS compliance reached 34.3%. For those wards that had pre‐implementation NRS performed by nursing staff, compliance increased from 7.1% to 37.9% at 12 months (P < 0.001). The improved NRS form is now incorporated into standard nursing practice and NRS is embedded in the organisation's ‘Point of Care Audit’, which is reported 6‐monthly to the Nutrition Risk Committee and site Quality and Safety Committees.

Conclusions

NRS compliance improved at MH with strong governance support and formalised implementation; however, the overall compliance achieved appears to have been affected by the complexity and diversity of multiple healthcare sites. Ongoing education, regular auditing and establishment of NRS routines and ward practices is recommended to further improve compliance.
HLA‐B*40:329, a novel HLA‐B*40 variant, identified in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Yang K. L. , Chen S.‐P. , Lin P. Y.
Published: May 2016

One nucleotide substitution at codon 254 of HLA‐B*40:01:01 results in a new allele, HLA‐B*40:329.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Campylobacter jejuni Strain Isolated from Retail Chicken Meat Reveals the Presence of a Megaplasmid with Mu-Like Prophage and Multidrug Resistance Genes
Authors: Marasini Daya , Fakhr Mohamed K.
Published: May 2016

Genome sequencing of
Campylobacter jejuni
strain T1-21 isolated from retail chicken meat revealed the presence of a chromosome of 1,565,978 bp and a megaplasmid of 82,732 bp that contains Mu-like prophage and multidrug resistance genes. This is the first reported sequence of a
Campylobacter
megaplasmid >55 kb.
Ordovician shallow-marine tidal sandwaves in Algeria – the application of coeval outcrops to constrain the geometry and facies of a discontinuous, high-quality gas reservoir
Authors: Hirst J. Philip P.
Published: May 2016

The Tiguentourine field in the Illizi Basin, Algeria, is a multi trillion cubic feet (TCF) gas accumulation, with production primarily from Late Ordovician proglacial density flow deposits with permeabilities typically in the range 100–0.1 mD. The proglacial succession is truncated by an erosive surface, above which a thin interval of shallow-marine sandstones with higher permeabilites is present in a few wells. These well-sorted, high-energy sandstones were, in turn, succeeded by Silurian-age graptolitic shales that form both the seal and the source rock. Although the shallow-marine sandstone is a high-quality reservoir interval, it is thin (<12 m), discontinuous and not resolvable on seismic; it therefore represents a challenging target to predict.

Coeval equivalents of the reservoir interval are exposed in the Tassili N'Ajjer, over 200 km south of the field. An erosive surface at the top of the proglacial sequence is succeeded by sandwaves with wavelengths of >100 m. The geometries and facies relationships have been documented from Landsat and outcrops; they were then compared to modern marine settings. The varied facies and the localized absence of the shallow-marine unit at outcrop serve to explain why the better quality sandstone is variably developed in the subsurface and remains a high risk target.
Brazilian actions to promote physiology learning and teaching in secondary and high schools
Authors: Mello-Carpes Pâmela B. , Granjeiro Érica Maria , Montrezor Luís Henrique , Rocha Maria José Alves
Published: May 2016

Members of the Education Committee of the Brazilian Society of Physiology have developed multiple outreach models to improve the appreciation of science and physiology at the precollege level. The members of this committee act in concert with important Brazilian governmental strategies to promote training of undergraduate students in the teaching environment of secondary and high schools. One of these governmental strategies, the Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência, a Brazilian public policy of teaching enhancement implemented by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) since 2007, represents a well-articulated public policy that can promote the partnership between University and Schools (7). Furthermore, the Program “Novos Talentos” (New Talents)/CAPES/Ministry of Education is another government initiative to bring together university and high-level technical training with the reality of Brazilian schools. Linked to the New Talents Program, in partnership with the British Council/Newton Fund, CAPES recently promoted the visit of some university professors that coordinate New Talents projects to formal and informal educational science spaces in the United Kingdom (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Brazil-United Kingdom International Cooperation Program) to qualify the actions developed in this area in Brazil, and one of us had the opportunity to participate with this.
ДИНАМІКА ПОРУШЕНЬ ПРОЦЕСІВ ЛІПІДНОЇ ПЕРОКСИДАЦІЇ В ПЕРІОД ПІЗНІХ ПРОЯВІВ ТРАВМАТИЧНОЇ ХВОРОБИ ПІСЛЯ КРАНІОСКЕЛЕТНОЇ ТРАВМИ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЇЇ КОРЕКЦІЇ ФІТОЗБОРОМ
Authors: Серватович А. М.
Published: May 2016

У відповідь на краніоскелетну травму в період пізніх проявів травматичної хвороби в організмі піддослідних тварин відмічається підвищена активність процесів ліпідної пероксидації, яка проявляється статистично вірогідно більшим,
порівняно із контролем, вмістом первинних і вторинних продуктів ПОЛ у тканині печінки, з максимумом через 14 діб експерименту і поступовим зниженням до 35 доби, яке не досягає рівня контролю. Застосування розробленого фітозбору, починаючи з 14 доби експерименту, зумовлює менше накопичення дієнових кон’югатів і ТбК-активних продуктів ПОл у травмованих тварин через 21–28
діб експерименту та їх зниження до рівня контрольної групи через 35 діб, що вказує на виражену антиоксидантну дію біологічно активних речовин, наявних у досліджуваному зборі.
Philosophy in Religious Polemics: The Case of Jacob ben Reuben (Provence, 1170)
Authors: Freudenthal Gad
Published: May 2016

Jacob ben Reuben’s Sefer Milḥamot ha-Shem (Wars of the Lord) of 1170 is the earliest Hebrew work of Christian-Jewish religious polemics that draws heavily on philosophy. Its geographical and intellectual contexts have been much debated, with significant implications for our understanding of the dynamics of Jewish intellectual life in Provence in the second half of the twelfth century, specifically the rapid acceptance there of rationalist philosophy and science and the associated rise of the Arabic-into-Hebrew translation movement. This paper offers new perspectives on the old questions. I lay to rest the claim that Jacob hailed from al-Andalus or sojourned in Huesca and submit that his place of “exile,” where he studied with a priest, should be identified as the locality Mourède, in Gascony (110 km west of Toulouse). I further demonstrate that Jacob had access to Hebrew sources only, as all Provençal Jewish intellectuals. Analyzing the genesis and development of the Wars of the Lord, I show that the discussions with his Christian mentor created in Jacob a need for the study of philosophy, needed to buttress his positions. I suggest that this pattern was recurrent, and that philosophically grounded religious polemics contributed to the Provençal interest in absorbing religious philosophy from the Andalusian immigrants who arrived in Provence in the 1150s. Jacob’s intellectual itinerary thus sheds light on the rapid acceptance of Greco-Arabic rationalist philosophy by Jews in Provence and on the resultant profound change of spiritual mentalité. The proposed account also identifies a causal relationship between the cultural change within Judaism and the Twelfth-Century Renaissance in gentile society and explains why they were contemporaneous. I lastly offer the hypothesis that Jacob ben Reuben, who composed his account of the exchanges with the priest after the event, may then have had contacts to the circle around Joseph Qimḥi in Narbonne. Last but not least, I insist that Jacob ben Reuben’s relatively slim Milḥamot ha-Shem is a rich multi-dimensional text that still calls for much research.
Historicizing Christianity and Profiat Duran’s Kelimat ha-Goyim (1397)
Authors: Wilke Carsten L.
Published: May 2016

This study of the Hebrew treatise Kelimat ha-Goyim (“Shame of the Gentiles,” 1397) by Profiat Duran exemplifies the stimulating impact medieval religious polemics exerted on the scholarly construction of Christian religious history. Besides explaining Jesus in his Jewish context, this Catalan author outlined in detail the emergence of the fundamental Christian dogmas during the apostolic, patristic, and medieval age and searched for the driving forces behind long-term religious transformation. While a common view holds that Duran’s method of New Testament study mirrored thirteenth-century Christian Talmudism, I underscore his originality as a historian of religion, whose clandestinely transmitted text still inspired early modern and nineteenth century attempts at critical scholarship. Duran’s proper context is the contemporary converso problem. A comparison with a Spanish Renaissance text, the Diálogos en Marruecos, strongly suggests that his historical representation of ex-Jews turned into Christian leaders not only addressed conversos, but actually meant to caricature them.
The Judeo–Christian Polemic and the Intelligence of Emotions
Authors: Gutwirth Eleazar
Published: May 2016

This essay examines the place of emotions and emotional discourse—love, friendship, human kindness, etc.—in selected polemical and literary texts from late medieval Iberia. It suggests that a view of the non-polemical or extra-polemical elements of the texts—especially expressions of emotion, exclamations, interjections, and other examples of passion—provide a novel approach to such material apart from traditional studies of polemical content. A reading that takes into account the multiple themes and traditions beyond polemics that are contained within such texts shows that apparently individual, anecdotic texts are highly dependent on the literary expectations of a public informed by certain cultural conventions. This suggests that polemics and polemical material can be read for much more than their formulaic polemical content, and that literary texts can be read in some cases according to polemical codes.
A radiological analysis of the difference between MRI- and CT-based patient-specific matched guides for total knee arthroplasty from the same manufacturer
Authors: Schotanus M. G. M. , Sollie R. , van Haaren E. H. , Hendrickx R. P. M. , Jansen E. J. P. , Kort N. P.
Published: May 2016

Aims

This prospective randomised controlled trial was designed to evaluate the outcome of both the MRI- and CT-based patient-specific matched guides (PSG) from the same manufacturer.

Patients and Methods

A total of 137 knees in 137 patients (50 men, 87 women) were included, 67 in the MRI- and 70 in the CT-based PSG group. Their mean age was 68.4 years (47.0 to 88.9). Outcome was expressed as the biomechanical limb alignment (centre hip-knee-ankle: HKA-axis) achieved post-operatively, the position of the individual components within 3° of the pre-operatively planned alignment, correct planned implant size and operative data (e.g. operating time and blood loss).

Results

The patient demographics (e.g. age, body mass index), correct planned implant size and operative data were not significantly different between the two groups. The proportion of outliers in the coronal and sagittal plane ranged from 0% to 21% in both groups. Only the number of outliers for the posterior slope of the tibial component showed a significant difference (p = 0.004) with more outliers in the CT group (n = 9, 13%) than in the MRI group (0%).

Conclusion

The post-operative HKA-axis was comparable in the MRI- and CT-based PSGs, but there were significantly more outliers for the posterior slope in the CT-based PSGs. Take home message: Alignment with MRI-based PSG is at least as good as, if not better, than that of the CT-based PSG, and is the preferred imaging modality when performing TKA with use of PSG. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:786–92.
Information geometry, simulation and complexity in Gaussian random fields
Authors: Levada Alexandre L.
Published: May 2016

Random fields are useful mathematical objects in the characterization of non-deterministic complex systems. A fundamental issue in the evolution of dynamical systems is how intrinsic properties of such structures change in time. In this paper, we propose to quantify how changes in the spatial dependence structure affect the Riemannian metric tensor that equips the model's parametric space. Defining Fisher curves, we measure the variations in each component of the metric tensor when visiting different entropic states of the system. Simulations show that the geometric deformations induced by the metric tensor in case of a decrease in the inverse temperature are not reversible for an increase of the same amount, provided there is significant variation in the system's entropy: the process of taking a system from a lower entropy state A to a higher entropy state B and then bringing it back to A, induces a natural intrinsic one-way direction of evolution. In this context, Fisher curves resemble mathematical models of hysteresis in which the natural orientation is pointed by an arrow of time.
Ist sportlicher Erfolg käuflich? Eine diskriminanzanalytische Untersuchung der zentralen Erfolgsfaktoren in der Fußball-Bundesliga / Unlimited Venality of Sporting Success? A Differentiating Analysis of Success Related Factors Concerning the First German Soccer League
Authors: Ziebs Alexander
Published: May 2016

Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags soll der Versuch unternommen werden, eine Antwort auf die Frage zu geben, welche Faktoren für den sportlichen Erfolg im modernen Berufsfußball verantwortlich sind bzw. hinsichtlich welcher Faktoren sich die sportlich erfolgreichen Vereine von den weniger erfolgreichen Vereinen unterscheiden. In diesem Zusammenhang ist insbesondere von Interesse, ob der sportliche Erfolg, wie vielfach behauptet wird, ausschließlich von monetären Faktoren determiniert wird und damit sprichwörtlich käuflich ist. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine diskriminanzanalytische Untersuchung möglicher Erfolgsfaktoren durchgeführt, wobei es das umfangreich verfügbare Datenmaterial erlaubt, insgesamt 18 erfolgsrelevante Merkmalsvariablen in die Analysen einzubeziehen.
Beiträge / Contributions. Sportaktivität, Substanzkonsum und Ernährungsverhalten im Jugendalter / Sports Activity, Substance Consumption, and Nutrional Behavior During Adolescence
Authors: Raithel Jürgen
Published: May 2016

Der Sportbeteiligung werden vielfach gesundheitsförderliche Potenziale zugesprochen. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags steht die Analyse des Substanzkonsums und des Ernährungsverhaltens. Vor dem Hintergrund eines stresstheoretischen Sozialisationsmodells werden gleichfalls personale und soziale Ressourcen berücksichtigt. Datengrundlage bilden Aussagen von 602 Jugendlichen zwischen 15 und 18 Jahren, die anhand eines standardisierten Erhebungsinstruments schriftlich befragt wurden. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte über Mittelwert-Vergleiche, multiple Regressionsanalysen und ein Strukturgleichungsmodell. Die Befunde spiegeln ein insgesamt eher ernüchterndes Ergebnis bezüglich der vermeintlichen Potenzialität des Sports wider. Lediglich für den Zigarettenkonsum und eine hochwertige Ernährung lassen sich positive Zusammenhänge mit der Sportbeteiligung bestätigen.
Organizational Structures of Swedish Elite Ice Hockey Clubs / Organisationsstrukturen von Schwedischen Spitzenclubs im Eishockey
Authors: Fahlén Josef
Published: May 2016

This paper reports on an analysis of organizational structures in Swedish elite ice hockey and is concerned with the organization at club level, its similarities and differences with regard to the clubs’ structural dimensions: specialization, standardization and centralization. Findings are based on structured interviews with the general managers of 11 clubs represented in the Swedish elite league (the first division) and on official and unofficial documents. The results, categorizing the clubs for each of these three structural dimensions into Law, Medium, and High, reveal some smaller variations in structural features, but mainly similarities, explained using the concept of adaptive isomorphism.
Sport und EG/EU – Ein horizontales oder vertikales Thema? Eine Zwischenbilanz der ersten dreißig Jahre (1974–2004) / Sport and EC/EU – A Horizontal or a Vertical Topic? Revisiting Developments in the First Three Decades (1974–2004)
Authors: Kornbeck Jacob
Published: May 2016

Der Aufsatz untersucht die „Horizontalität“ bzw. „Vertikalität“ des Themas „Sport“ im EG/EU-Prozess der letzten dreißig Jahre (1974-2004). Die Unterscheidung Horizontalität/Vertikalität bezieht sich hierbei auf interne Strukturen der Union und nicht auf das Verhältnis Union/Mitgliedstaaten. Anhand genereller Entwicklungslinien wird gefragt, ob Sport ein horizontales Thema darstellt, das in andere Themenfelder eingreift, oder aber ein eigenständiges, vertikales Thema ist. Der Beitrag kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die Realität nach wie vor eine Mischung aus Horizontalität und Vertikalität ist, dass aber das Prinzip der Vertikalität verstärkt wurde. Es wird auch klar, dass die Rechtsprechung als Motor der Entwicklung eine herausragende Rolle spielte.
Erratum. Sport Im Inklusionsprofil der Bevölkerung Deutschlands - Ergebnisse einer differenzierungstheoretisch angelegten empirischen Untersuchung / Sports as an Inclusion Profile of the German Population - Results of a Differential-Theoretical Designed Empirical Study
Authors: Schimank Uwe , Schöneck Nadine M.
Published: May 2016

Der Beitrag stellt eine differenzierungstheoretische Perspektive auf Sportbeteiligung und Sportinteresse der Erwachsenenbevölkerung vor. Zugrunde liegen empirische Daten aus einer eigenen repräsentativen Bevölkerungsumfrage in Deutschland vom Herbst 2003, in der die Inklusion der Erwachsenen in sämtliche gesellschaftlichen Teilsysteme ermittelt wurde. Die Inklusion in den Sport wird mit Bezug auf die sekundäre Leistungsrolle des Breitensportlers und die Publikumsrolle des Sportzuschauers betrachtet; sodann wird möglichen Zusammenhängen zwischen der Ausprägung der Inklusion in den Sport mit ungleichheitstheoretisch geläufigen Merkmalen sozialer Lage, darüber hinaus dann auch mit der Ausprägung anderer Inklusionsverhältnisse nachgegangen.
Money talks – A qualitative analysis of the organizational change connected with the corporation formation of a voluntary sport club / Money talks – Eine qualitative Analyse des organisationalen Wandels und der Korporationsbildung in einem freiwilligen Sportverein
Authors: Fahlén Josef , Stenling Cecilia , Vestin Ludvig
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to illustrate and analyze the organizational change the Swedish voluntary sports club IF Björklöven went through in connection with the corporation formation of its representative team. The study was made with institutional theory as a theoretical frame of reference. Particularly important for the shaping of the study was a theoretical model by Greenwood and Hinings (1996). The data was collected using semi-structured interviews with seven respondents representing different parts of the organization. The results show that the change process was driven and enabled for the most part by the offer of SEK 22.5 million from an external financier. The restructuring has brought about a change in the way Björklöven thinks about the outcome, purpose, structure and goals of the organization, now that the organization is moving towards a more market-oriented way of organizing.
Effects of traditional and light pruning on viticultural and oenological performance of Bobal and Tempranillo vineyards
Authors: Pérez-Bermúdez Pedro , Olmo Manuel , Gil Jaime , García-Ferriz Lorenzo , Olmo Carmen , Boluda Rafael , Gavidia Isabel
Published: May 2016

Aim: Light pruning may improve vine yield and quality although vineyard responses are variable. We assessed the effects of traditional manual pruning and mechanical light pruning on the viticultural and oenological performance of Vitis vinifera cv. Bobal and cv. Tempranillo.

Methods and results: During 2008-2011, Bobal and Tempranillo vineyards underwent traditional pruning or light pruning. The effects of both pruning techniques were determined in vine vigour and yield, and grape and wine characteristics. Both cultivars responded similarly to the pruning techniques assayed: i) light-pruned plants tended to overcrop, ii) grape yield significantly increased with light pruning and produced more clusters with smaller berries, and iii) the oenological characteristics of grapes were slightly affected since fruit ripeness was delayed in mechanically light-pruned vineyards.

Conclusion: Mechanical light pruning vs. traditional manual pruning offers potential benefits: 30% higher yields; lower cluster and berry weights; a 40% reduction in pruning costs; and production of wines with lower alcohol while maintaining colour and phenolics.

Significance and impact of the study: No detrimental effect of light pruning on grape characteristics was found, and the wines deriving from these grapevines offered good oenological characteristics. Mechanical light pruning may prove a suitable tool to prolong the vine vegetative cycle, which is reduced by the climate change in the Utiel-Requena region.
UAS-based multi-angular remote sensing of the effects of soil management strategies on grapevine
Authors: Retzlaff Rebecca , Molitor Daniel , Behr Marc , Bossung Christian , Rock Gilles , Hoffmann Lucien , Evers Danièle , Udelhoven Thomas
Published: May 2016

Aims: The present investigation in a Luxembourgish vineyard aimed at evaluating the potential of multispectral, multi-angular UAS (unmanned aerial system) imagery to separate four soil management strategies, to predict physiological variables (chlorophyll, nitrogen, yield etc.) and to follow seasonal changes in grapevine physiology in relation to soil management.

Methods and results: Multi-angular (nadir and 45° off-nadir) multispectral imageries (530-900 nm) were taken in the years 2011 and 2012. Image grey values and reflectance-derived vegetation indices were computed and canopy and vigour properties were monitored in the field. All four soil management strategies could be significantly discriminated (box-plots, linear discriminant analysis) and vegetation properties estimated (linear regression) in 2011. For 2012, global models predicted chlorophyll contents and nitrogen balance index values with a R²cv of 0.65 and 0.76, respectively.

Conclusions: Soil management strategies strongly affect plant vigour and reflectance. Differences were best detectable by oblique visible/near-infrared (Vis/nIR) UAS data of illuminated canopies.

Significance and impact of the study: UAS imaging is a flexible tool for applications in precision viticulture.
Effectiveness of chitosan preparations against Brettanomyces bruxellensis grown in culture media and red wines
Authors: Petrova Biljana , Cartwright Zachary M. , Edwards Charles G.
Published: May 2016

Aim: The antimicrobial properties of chitosan from different sources (fungal, crab shell, and lactate-forms) against Brettanomyces bruxellensis in culture media and red wines were investigated.

Methods and results: While concentrations of 4 to 8 g/hL were needed for crab shell or lactate-forms of chitosan to reduce yeast viability in liquid media, fungal chitosan did not exhibit antimicrobial activities no matter the concentration. B. bruxellensis E1 and I1a were inoculated into Cabernet Sauvignon wine at 106 cfu/mL and treated with 0, 4, 8 and 12 g/hL fungal chitosan. In contrast to previous results with media, addition of fungal chitosan to a red wine resulted in a three-log reduction of culturability. Addition of fungal chitosan also reduced the viability of B. bruxellensis growing in oak barrels containing Merlot wine from 105 cfu/mL down to ≈102 cfu/mL.

Conclusion: Depending on concentration, all preparations of chitosan added to red wines greatly reduced populations of B. bruxellensis. However, wines were not completely stable after treatment as populations eventually increased.

Significance and impact of the study: As B. bruxellensis is considered to be a worldwide threat to wine quality, it is crucial to improve knowledge of alternative control methods and strategies such as chitosan that winemakers can apply.
Leaf-to-fruit ratio affects the impact of foliar-applied nitrogen on N accumulation in the grape must
Authors: Verdenal Thibaut , Spangenberg Jorge E. , Zufferey Vivian , Lorenzini Fabrice , Dienes-Nagy Agnes , Gindro Katia , Spring Jean-Laurent , Viret Olivier
Published: May 2016

Aims: Agroscope investigated the impact of the leaf-to-fruit ratio on nitrogen (N) partitioning in grapevine following a foliar urea application with the aim of increasing the yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentration in the must.

Methods and results: Foliar urea was applied to field-grown Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chasselas grapevines as part of a split-plot trial with two variable parameters: canopy height (90 or 150 cm) and fruit load (5 or 10 clusters per vine). Foliar application of 20 kg/ha of 15N-labelled urea (10 atom% 15N) was performed at veraison. The isotope labelling method allowed to observe foliar-N partitioning in the plant at harvest. The leaf-to-fruit ratio varied between 0.4 and 1.6 m2/kg, and strongly impacted the N partitioning in the grapevines. Total N and foliar-N partitioning was mainly affected by the variation of canopy height. The YAN concentration varied from 143 to 230 mg/L (+60 %) depending on the leaf area. An oversized canopy (+31 %DW) induced a decrease in the total N concentration of all organs (-17 %), and a decrease in YAN quantity in the must in particular (-53 %). A negative correlation between the N concentration and the carbon isotope discrimination (CID) could be pointed out in a condition of no water restriction (e.g., R2 = 0.65 in the must).

Conclusion: An excessive leaf area can induce YAN deficiency in the must. Thus, a balanced leaf-to-fruit ratio – between 1 and 1.2 m2/kg – should be maintained to guarantee grape maturity, YAN accumulation in the must and N recovery in the reserve organs.

Significance and impact of the study: The results of this study encourage further research to understand the role of other physiological parameters that affect N partitioning in the grapevine – YAN accumulation in the must in particular – and add new perspectives for N management practices in the vineyard.
Maize Stalk Lodging: Flexural Stiffness Predicts Strength
Authors: Robertson Daniel J. , Lee Shien Yang , Julias Margaret , Cook Douglas D.
Published: May 2016

Late‐season stalk lodging in maize (Zea mays L.) is a major agronomic problem that has far‐reaching economic ramifications. More rapid advances in lodging resistance could be achieved through development of selective breeding tools that are not confounded by environmental factors. It was hypothesized that measurements of stalk flexural stiffness (a mechanical measurement inspired by engineering beam theory) would be a stronger predictor of stalk strength than current technologies. Stalk flexural stiffness, rind penetration resistance and stalk bending strength measurements were acquired for five commercial varieties of dent corn grown at five planting densities and two locations. Correlation analyses revealed that stalk flexural stiffness predicted 81% of the variation in stalk strength, whereas rind penetration resistance only accounted for 18% of the variation in stalk strength. Strength predictions based on measurements of stalk flexural stiffness were not confounded by hybrid type, planting density, or planting location. Strength predictions based on rind penetration resistance were moderately to severely confounded by such factors. Results indicate that stalk flexural stiffness is a good predictor of stalk strength and that it may outperform rind penetration resistance as a selective breeding tool to improve lodging resistance of future varieties of maize.
Patterns of Kidney Function Decline Associated with APOL1 Genotypes: Results from AASK
Authors: Tin Adrienne , Grams Morgan E. , Estrella Michelle , Lipkowitz Michael , Greene Tom H. , Kao Wen Hong Linda , Li Liang , Appel Lawrence J.
Published: May 2016

Background and objectives

Trajectories of eGFR in patients with CKD are highly variable. Only a subset of patients with CKD experiences a steady decline in eGFR. The objective of our study was to investigate whether eGFR trajectory patterns differ by APOL1 risk status.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Our study was a longitudinal observational study of 622 participants in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension with APOL1 genotyping and sufficient follow-up for estimating GFR trajectories. The predictor was APOL1 high–risk status (having two copies of the G1 or G2 risk alleles) versus low-risk status (zero or one copy of the risk alleles), and the outcome was four eGFR trajectory patterns on the basis of the joint probabilities of linearity and progression: steady decline, unsteady decline, steady stable, and unsteady stable.

Results

Over a median follow-up of 9 years, 24.0% of participants experienced steady eGFR decline, 25.9% had an unsteady decline, 25.6% were steady and stable, and 24.6% were unsteady but stable. Those experiencing steady decline had lower eGFR and higher urine protein-to-creatinine ratio at baseline than participants with the other eGFR trajectory patterns. The APOL1 high–risk group was associated with a greater odds for the steady decline pattern than the APOL1 low–risk group (unadjusted odds ratio, 2.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.62 to 3.69). This association remained significant after adjusting for demographic factors, baseline eGFR, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, treatment assignment, and follow-up time (adjusted odds ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 2.52).

Conclusions

Among patients with CKD attributed to hypertension, those with the APOL1 high–risk genotype were more likely to experience a steady decline trajectory in eGFR than those without the APOL1 high–risk genotype. These findings suggest a persistent underlying pathophysiologic process in those patients with the APOL1 high–risk genotype.
Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Tillering‐Related Traits in Two Switchgrass Populations
Authors: Chang Dan , Wu Yanqi , Liu Linglong , Lu‐Thames Shuiyi , Dong Hongxu , Goad Carla , Bai Shiqie , Makaju Shiva , Fang Tilin
Published: May 2016

Plant tillering and related traits are morphologically important components contributing to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) biomass yield. The objectives of this study were to estimate broad‐sense heritabilities for tillering‐related traits, to analyze correlations between biomass yield and the traits, and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for them. A first‐generation selfed population of NL94 plant and a hybrid population between NL94 and SL93 plants were field established in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Stillwater and Perkins, OK. Phenotypic data were collected in 2 yr and genotypic data were obtained by genotyping simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the two populations on the basis of two preexisting genetic maps. Plant base size (PBS), plant girth (PG), tillering ability (TA), tiller diameter (TD), and tiller dry weight (TDW) were positively correlated with biomass yield in both populations. Consistently, PBS had the largest correlation coefficients for biomass yield, suggesting its value as an indirect selection criterion for biomass yield. Twenty and 26 QTL for six tillering‐related traits were detected in the hybrid and selfed population, respectively. Among the QTL, one on linkage group (LG) 5a between sww‐2387/PVCAG‐2197/2198 and PVGA‐1649/1650 for PBS, PG, and TA and another on LG 2a between sww‐2640/sww‐2545 and PVCA‐765/766 for TD and TDW were stably detected in multiple environments in the two populations. The findings add to the knowledge base regarding the genetics of tillering‐related traits that could be used in accelerating the development of high‐yielding cultivars through marker‐assisted selection.
La réforme des rythmes à l’école : une appropriation socialement différenciée des activités culturelles
Authors: Netter Julien
Published: May 2016

Un des objectifs de la réforme des rythmes scolaires en France est de permettre à tous les écoliers d’accéder à des activités culturelles favorables aux apprentissages. Avec l’importance nouvelle dévolue aux animateurs et intervenants, l’école est désormais un espace qui réunit enjeux scolaires et éducatifs, échelon national et local. Cette unité de lieu masque cependant des fractures entre des logiques hétérogènes difficiles à concilier. Certains élèves parviennent à passer outre ces fractures et à s’approprier les différents contenus dans le sens des attentes de l’école. Pour d’autres, plus fragiles scolairement et plus nombreux dans les écoles de quartiers populaires périphériques, ils constituent au contraire un assemblage hétéroclite. Les acteurs de terrains mus par des finalités divergentes peinent alors à les aider à lier ces contenus pour les rendre scolairement profitables, hypothéquant ainsi la réussite de cette nouvelle tentative de démocratisation scolaire et culturelle.
Les « nouvelles formes de famille » en Italie
Authors: Viazzo Pier Paolo , González Díez Javier , Martinez Odile
Published: May 2016

En Italie, depuis le milieu du xx e   siècle, la famille a connu dans un premier temps un processus de « nucléarisation », suivi de multiples métamorphoses liées au déclin progressif du mariage. D’aucuns interprètent ces tendances comme la preuve d’une convergence vers des valeurs Nord-Européennes ; pour d’autres chercheurs, des différences culturelles persistent, dont témoigne la force bien plus contraignante des liens de parenté. L’article offre une perspective anthropologique sur ces questions et s’interroge sur le rôle que la « parenté élective » pourrait jouer pour affronter les effets cumulés de la crise économique, du vieillissement de la population et de la diminution des formes d’assistance sociale.
« D’autres familles »
Authors: Grilli Simonetta , Martinez Odile
Published: May 2016

L’article analyse l’expérience de la parentalité gay et lesbienne en Italie à partir du rôle joué par l’association Famiglie Arcobaleno (Familles arc-en-ciel) dans la définition de l’homoparentalité et de sa légitimation sociale. Le questionnement porte en particulier sur la façon dont ceux qui sont directement engagés dans l’action militante se montrent sur la scène publique pour obtenir le consensus social sur eux-mêmes et sur leurs propres choix. La transparence et la visibilité totale de leur intimité familiale sont à la base de la stratégie adoptée par les parents homosexuels pour se légitimer en tant que parentalité « normale ».
Les autorités de la Pologne en exil et l’état clandestin polonais
Authors: Salmonowicz Stanisław
Published: May 2016

Contrairement aux affirmations nazies et soviétiques, la débâcle de septembre 1939 ne signifiait pas la fin de l’État polonais. Son existence se maintenait sur le plan juridique, y compris international avec les autorités suprêmes résidant en exil : d’abord en France, ensuite en Grande Bretagne, et par le biais de la résistance civique multiforme, ayant surtout un caractère non militaire. L’ampleur de celle-ci et la reconnaissance naturelle de l’autorité du gouvernement en exil a formé le phénomène dit de l’État clandestin polonais (Polskie Państwo Podziemne – PPP). L’article présente exhaustivement les différentes formes de l’action de PPP, qui évoluèrent avec le temps, de même que la position internationale de la Pologne au cours de la guerre.
La Pologne dans la Guerre froide
Authors: Holzer Jerzy
Published: May 2016

L’issue de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale a placé la Pologne dans la zone d’influence soviétique. En conséquence, elle fut impliquée, pendant quelques décennies, au conflit connu sous le nom de guerre froide. Bien que ses possibilités d’action fussent quasi nulles, le regard de plus près qu’offre cet article permet de révéler certaines spécificités de la position polonaise dans cette conflagration à l’échelle mondiale. Un autre aspect fut la résistance polonaise contre la mainmise soviétique et le régime communiste, culminant dans les années 1980-1981 et ensuite en 1989.
Le plébiscite de Klagenfurt : des militaires français hostiles aux Yougoslaves ?
Authors: Le Moal Frédéric
Published: May 2016

Le plébiscite de Klagenfurt attribue en octobre 1920 à l’Autriche la province disputée entre Yougoslaves et Autrichiens. La France, alliée du jeune Etat SHS qu’elle veut le plus étendu possible, subit une défaite géopolitique, malgré l’investissement des diplomates français. Au contraire, les militaires français présents sur le terrain, même s’ils sont très liés à leurs frères d’armes serbes, ont veillé à garder une réserve scrupuleuse. Cela ne les a pas empêchés de critiquer les brutalités yougoslaves sans que ces réserves puissent être interprétées comme une marque d’hostilité.
Le cardinal Dubois et la fonction de Principal ministre. Recherches et réflexions sur le ministériat au début du xviii e siècle
Authors: Dupilet Alexandre
Published: May 2016

Lorsque Guillaume Dubois fut nommé Principal ministre par le Régent Philippe d’Orléans en août 1722, le dernier à avoir occupé cette fonction était le cardinal Mazarin. Afin de mieux cerner l’étendue de ses prérogatives, Dubois réunit autour de lui des jurisconsultes et des historiographes qui eurent pour mission d’entamer des recherches sur la manière dont ses prédécesseurs avaient accompli leur tâche. À l’issue de cette enquête furent rédigés des mémoires de nature différente. Les premiers insistaient sur les ministériats de Richelieu et Mazarin, rappelant leurs relations avec les institutions de la monarchie ou les honneurs auxquels leur fonction leur donna droit. Les seconds traçaient une ébauche de programme politique à destination du nouveau Premier ministre. En filigrane, ces deux types de mémoires mettaient en lumière la conception que le cardinal Dubois se faisait de sa fonction. Dans la lignée de Richelieu, le Premier ministre devait détenir des pouvoirs étendus reléguant le Régent ou le souverain dans un rôle secondaire.
Les pensions sous la Régence (1715-1723)
Authors: Carré Benoît
Published: May 2016

À la mort de Louis XIV, l’état des finances contraint le nouveau pouvoir à mener une ambitieuse politique d’économies auxquelles les pensions royales, dont la plupart ne sont plus payées depuis plusieurs années, n’échappent pas. Après la réforme politique que constitue la mise en place de la polysynodie, et des mesures d’urgence sur la dette, la Régence entreprend la réduction des pensions accordées sous le précédent règne. Cette réforme s’opère en deux temps avec la Déclaration royale du 30 janvier 1717 sur les pensions, puis un édit d’août 1717. Alors que le droit lui permet de considérer ces pensions comme éteintes par la mort du roi qui les a accordées, Philippe d’Orléans fait le choix – très politique – de maintenir toutes les pensions et de régler celles qui sont arriérées. En réduisant leur montant, le pouvoir veut croire qu’il sera en mesure de les payer. La réforme de 1717 permet paradoxalement de concilier une réactivation modérée des libéralités princières avec une politique de diminution des dépenses. Néanmoins, cette application des principes de proportion des dépenses aux recettes ne parvient pas à s’inscrire dans la durée. Elle ne survit pas à l’apparent rétablissement des finances qui suit les opérations de Law. Dès février 1720, les réductions prévues par la réforme de 1717 sont révoquées... pour être rétablie cinq ans plus tard.
Continuing Education for Mentors and a Mentoring Program for RN-to-BSN Students
Authors: Cheek Rita E. , Walsh Dotson Jo Ann , Ogilvie LeAnn A.
Published: May 2016

Mentoring programs have been used effectively with graduate and undergraduate nursing students and newly licensed nurses. There are few publications about mentoring for the RN enrolled in a bachelor of science in nursing (RN-to-BSN) program. To address low graduation rates in the public RN-to-BSN nursing programs, the Montana Center to Advance Health Through Nursing designed a mentoring program to help these nurses achieve their BSN. This voluntary program was initiated at an RN-to-BSN program in a 4-year college with six RN students who were paired with a mentor. An interactive, continuing education workshop on mentoring also was developed to prepare experienced nurses for their role as a mentor. This workshop was held nine times across Montana, with a total of 156 attendees. Workshop evaluations were consistently positive. Participants identified time and personality issues as barriers to successful mentoring and recommended expansion of the workshop to a distance-learning format so more nurses could attend.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2016;47(6):272–277.
Angiomyolipoma With Epithelial Cysts
Authors: LeRoy Michael A. , Rao Priya
Published: May 2016

Angiomyolipoma with epithelial cysts is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the kidney that enters in the differential diagnosis of adult cystic renal neoplasms. These tumors demonstrate a slight female predominance and can present either incidentally or with symptoms, commonly flank pain and hematuria. Unlike conventional angiomyolipoma, this variant is characterized grossly by both solid and cystic areas, and histologically by the presence of single or multiple cysts lined by epithelial cells, a subepithelial “cambium-like” layer of small stromal cells with a prominent capillary vasculature, and a thick exterior wall composed of poorly formed fascicles of smooth muscle and thick-walled dysplastic blood vessels. Tumors show a distinct immunohistochemical profile and are often reactive for melanocytic markers (HMB-45 and Melan-A), as well as estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. These tumors have an indolent clinical course, with no reports of progression or metastasis in reported cases thus far.
eHealth literacy: a marker for "digital divide" in health information
Authors: Neter Efrat , Brainin Esther
Published: May 2016

eHealth literacy is defined as the use of emerging information and communications technology to improve or enable health and health care. The study examined whether literacy disparities are diminished or enhanced in the search for health information on the Internet.We used a countrywide representative random-digital-dial telephone household survey of the Israeli adult population (18 years and older, N = 4286).Respondents who were highly eHealth literate tended to be younger and more educated than their less eHealth-literate counterparts. They were also more active consumers of all types of information on the Internet, used more search strategies, and scrutinized information more carefully than did the less eHealth-literate respondents. Finally, respondents who were highly eHealth literate gained more positive outcomes from the information search in terms of cognitive, instrumental (self-management of health care needs, health behaviors, and better use of health insurance), and interpersonal (interacting with their physician) gains.The association of eHealth literacy with background attributes indicates that the Internet reinforces existing social differences. The more comprehensive and sophisticated use of the Internet and the subsequent increased gains among the high eHealth literate create new inequalities in the domain of digital health information.
Three-dimensional finite element modeling for post-buckling analysis of cracked columns
Authors: Bouboulas Athanasios , Anifantis Nikolaos
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of crack surfaces contact on the post-buckling behavior of a slender column with a non-propagating crack.

Design/methodology/approach

– In this paper a 3D finite element model has been implemented to study the post-buckling behavior of a slender column with a non-propagating crack. According to this model, the column is discretized into three-dimensional solid elements. Contact conditions are considered between the crack surfaces. The non-linear equations for this model are solved using an incremental-iterative procedure, and the equilibrium path of the cracked column is extracted.

Findings

– Load-displacement curves are presented for a cantilever column with a transverse surface crack of either uniform or non-uniform depth across the column cross-section. For both crack shapes, the load-displacement curves are presented for various values of crack depth and position. The results of this study are in good agreement with the results available in the literature. Comparisons with the results of the always-open crack were performed. The post-buckling behavior of a column with a uniform depth crack is more sensitive to variations in crack depth and position than the post-buckling behavior of a column with a non-uniform depth crack.

Originality/value

– A 3D finite element approach for the post-buckling behavior of a transversely cracked column including contact between crack surfaces.
Tidal disruption of Phobos as the cause of surface fractures
Authors: Hurford T. A. , Asphaug E. , Spitale J. N. , Hemingway D. , Rhoden A. R. , Henning W. G. , Bills B. G. , Kattenhorn S. A. , Walker M.
Published: May 2016

Phobos, the innermost satellite of Mars, displays an extensive system of grooves that are mostly symmetric about its sub‐Mars point. Phobos is steadily spiraling inward due to the tides it raises on Mars lagging behind Phobos' orbital position and will suffer tidal disruption before colliding with Mars in a few tens of millions of years. We calculate the surface stress field of the deorbiting satellite and show that the first signs of tidal disruption are already present on its surface. Most of Phobos' prominent grooves have an excellent correlation with computed stress orientations. The model requires a weak interior that has very low rigidity on the tidal evolution time scale, overlain by an ~10–100 m exterior shell that has elastic properties similar to lunar regolith as described by Horvath et al. (1980).