bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROMANIAN IMPERATIVE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PRAGMATIC PRINCIPLE OF (IM)POLITENESS
Authors: KELEMEN Emilia
Published: October 2020

Romanian imperative from the perspective of pragmatic principle of (im)Politeness. Following a short presentation of the principle of politeness, the article approaches the Romanian imperative identifying negative and positive strategies of (im)politeness, which the imperative is part of. There were identified conventional forms of impoliteness of imperative. The exemplification of (im)polite strategies is based on a corpus elaborated by us. The imperative is present in the most diverse strategies of (im)politeness, however the occurrence of imperative does not mean the interlocutor’s threatening act toward the public image (face threatening act). The interpretation depends on several factors, among which the situation of the communication, the relationship between the interlocutors, the presence of intensifiers or attenuators etc.
REZUMAT. Imperativul românesc din perspectiva principiului pragmatic al (im)politeții. După o scurtă prezentare a principiului politeții, articolul abordează imperativul românesc, identificând strategii ale (im)politeții negative și pozitive din care face parte imperativul. Au fost identificate formule convenționalizate de impolitețe cu imperativul. Exemplificarea strategiilor se face pe baza corpusului întocmit de noi. Imperativul ia parte la strategii ale (im)politeții dintre cele mai diverse, însă apariția imperativului nu înseamnă neapărat un act amenințător la adresa imaginii publice a interlocutorului. Interpretarea sa depinde de mai mulți factori, printre care situația de comunicare, relația dintre interlocutori, prezența intensificatorilor sau a atenuatorilor etc.
Cuvinte cheie: imperativ, politețe, imagine individuală, strategii de politețe, impolitețe.
El impacto de propuestas educativas mediadas por TIC en la retención estudiantil. Un estudio de caso de los estudiantes de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: Castro Maria Florencia
Published: October 2020

La deserción en los primeros años en los sistemas universitarios de Latinoamérica y, en particular, de Argentina es una problemática que requiere diversas estrategias de abordaje. Si bien existe una mejora en la cobertura de este nivel, la deserción es un tema central que conduce a pensar en la implementación de nuevas estrategias en nuestras universidades.

La disponibilidad de nuevas tecnologías y su incorporación en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje nos permite el análisis de una nueva modalidad en el impacto de esta realidad. La presente investigación tiene por objeto analizar el impacto de la tecnología como estrategia sobre el problema de la deserción desde la perspectiva del rendimiento académico a través de un estudio de caso.

El objetivo de la tesis fue determinar si las propuestas educativas mediadas por TIC impactan en la retención y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del primer año de las carreras de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Aportes de la tesis

Esta tesis deja como producto tangible el material didactico web la Aventura del Saber y Explorar el Español que sirve como material suplementario a un programa de enseñanza bilingüe en los Estados Unidos. De igual forma, la creación de dicho material multimedia personalizado para la escuela ayudó a la sistematización y a la estandarización del proceso de enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera. Si bien, el público que utilizará este material a futuro cambiará en ciertos aspectos, los objetivos de aprendizaje continuarán siendo similares, por lo que se espera que el material siga adaptándose a la mayor parte de necesidades de los nuevos usuarios.
Tecnologias vestíveis e suas possibilidades nos ambientes educacionais formais e não formais
Authors: Mendes Luiz Otavio Rodrigues Mendes , Gonzales Jolandek Emilly , Lucia Pereira Ana
Published: October 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo evidenciar as potencialidades e fragilidades da utilização de tecnologias vestíveis ao serem empregadas em ambientes formais e não formais de ensino no Brasil. Como procedimentos metodológicos adotamos uma revisão sistemática seguindo os parâmetros PRISMA (Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-Análises). A análise dos dados caracteriza-se de natureza qualitativa. Como potencialidades, nossos resultados apontam que existe uma liberdade maior em relação ao uso desses dispositivos, já que a maioria deles não necessita estar ligada a cabos; motivação no seu uso como aparato para melhorar a aprendizagem e possibilidade de inclusão de pessoas com necessidades especiais. Com relação às fragilidades, nossos resultados apontam que os componentes da tecnologia vestíveis são frágeis, sensíveis, necessitando de um cuidado maior e possuem alto custo do material, dificultando o acesso. Nossos resultados obtidos revelam ainda que as potencialidades tangenciam a possibilidade de trabalhar as tecnologias vestíveis de forma inclusiva, possibilitando liberdade e autonomia aos alunos na utilização do material e possibilidades de colaborar na motivação dos alunos em sala de aula, visto que é uma tecnologia condizente com o perfil dos nativos digitais.
Characterization of Dissimilar Al-Cu BFSW Welds; Interfacial Microstructure, Flow Mechanism and Intermetallics Formation
Authors: Tamadon A. , Abdali M. , Pons D. J. , Clucas D.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the flow features of the dissimilar Al-Cu welded plates. The welding method used is Bobbin Friction Stir Welding (BFSW), and the joint is between two dissimilar materials, aluminium alloy (AA6082-T6) and pure copper. Weld samples were cut from along the weld line, and the cross-sections were polished and observed under an optical microscope (OM). Particular regions of interest were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analysed with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) using the AZtec software from Oxford Instruments. The results and images attained were compared to other similar studies. The reason for fracture was mainly attributed to the welding parameters used; a higher rotational speed may be required to achieve a successful BFSW between these two materials. The impact of welding parameters on the Al-Cu flow bonding and evolution of the intermetallic compounds were identified by studying the interfacial microstructure at the location of the tool action. The work makes an original contribution to identifying the solid-phase hybrid bonding in Al-Cu joints to improve the understanding of the flow behaviours during the BFSW welding process. The microstructural evolution of the dissimilar weld has made it possible to develop a physical model proposed for the flow failure mechanism.
Maternal health situation in Empowered Action Group of states of India: A comparative analysis of state reports from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3 and 4
Authors: Roy Shreyasi , Sen Jaydip
Published: October 2020

Motherhood is often claimed as the most positive and fulfilling experience. Nevertheless, there exist several women whose motherhood was associated with suffering, ill-health and even death. The condition is graver in few states of India which are socioeconomically backward (also called Empowered Action Group of states). The present study adopted a narrative description of various key indicators of maternal health as outlined in the NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 state reports. The prime focus was to examine whether the performance of those states has got better or worse in these two survey reports. The study has also discussed various factors related to the performance of each key indicator of maternal health. The overall limiting success of maternal health status in these states calls for improvement in execution of various maternal health related activities.
Investigating human diversity in the twenty-first century
Authors: Delhez Julien
Published: October 2020

In recent years, there has been renewed academic and public debate on the topic of race. The present essay compares two books dealing with this subject. Charles Murray’s Human Diversity states that the social sciences are permeated by a rigid orthodoxy that puts unnecessary strain on researchers working on sex differences, race differences, and individual differences. Far from being scary, Murray argues, these differences are interesting and can be lived with. Adam Rutherford’s How to Argue With a Racist examines various claims with respect to race. It includes four sections dedicated, respectively, to skin color, ancestry, sport, and intelligence. The essay assesses the authors’ factual claims as well as their tone, their general mindset, and their personal attitude toward science.
Replacement of fish meal with defatted and fermented soybean meals in pompano Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801) diets
Authors: Nguyen Hung Phuc , Van Do Thinh , Tran Hau Duc , Nguyen Trung Thanh
Published: October 2020

This study was conducted to examine the effects of the replacement of fish meal with defatted and fermented soybean meals on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, bile acid levels, and digestive enzyme activity of pompano Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801). Four diets were formulated to replace 40% of fish meal with defatted soybean meal (SBM), SBM fermented by Bacillus subtilis TH2 (FSBM1) or SBM fermented by B. subtilis B3 (FSBM2). The diets are denoted as follows: FMD (fish meal-based diet, used as a Control), SBMD (fish meal replaced by SBM diet), FSBM1D (fish meal replaced by FSBM1 diet), and FSBM2D (fish meal replaced by FSBM2 diet). Thirty fingerling pompanos with an initial body weight of 15.3 ± 0.3 g were allocated to each of eight indoor polyvinyl chloride tanks (500 L capacity), with two replicate tanks per dietary treatment. For 8 weeks, fish were hand-fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation twice daily. The final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio of fish fed SBMD and FSBM1D were significantly inferior to those in fish fed FMD (P<0.05). These parameters were not significantly different between the FSBM2D and FMD experimental groups (P>0.05). Fish fed SBMD showed significantly lower plasma total cholesterol, whole body lipids, intestinal total bile acids and lipase activity than those fed FMD, whereas no significant differences were observed among fish fed FSBM1D, FSBM2D, and FMD. Trypsin activity and protein apparent digestibility coefficient were not significantly affected by the experimental diets. However, lipid apparent digestibility coefficient was significantly lower in fish fed SBMD and FSBM1D rather than FMD. There was no significant difference in lipid apparent digestibility coefficient between the FMD and FSBM2D experimental groups. The results indicated that SBM decreased bile acid levels, lipase activity, lipid digestibility, and growth performance in pompano fish. These parameters were increased by the inclusion of B. subtilis B3 fermented SBM in the diet, thus suggesting that fermentation of SBM with B. subtilis B3 may be an effective way to improve bile acid levels, lipase activity, lipid digestibility, and growth performance of pompano fed an SBM-based diet.
Assessment of parametric and non-parametric methods for prediction of quantitative traits with non-additive genetic architecture
Authors: Salehi Abdolreza , Bazrafshan Maryam , Abdollahi-Arpanahi Rostam
Published: October 2020

Whole genome evaluation of quantitative traits using suitable statistical methods enables researchers to predict genomic breeding values (GEBVs) more accurately. Recent studies suggested that the ability of methods in terms of predictive performance may depend on the genetic architecture of traits. Therefore, when choosing a statistical method, it is essential to consider the genetic architecture of the target traits. Herein, the performance of parametric methods i.e. GBLUP and BayesB and non-parametric methods i.e. Bagging GBLUP and Random Forest (RF) were compared for traits with different genetic architecture. Three scenarios of genetic architecture, including purely Additive (Add), purely Epistasis (Epis) and Additive-Dominance-Epistasis (ADE) were considered. To this end, an animal genome composed of five chromosomes, each chromosome harboring 1000 SNPs and four QTL was simulated. Predictive accuracies in the first generation of testing set under Additive genetic architectures for GBLUP, BayesB, Baging GBLUP and RF were 0.639, 0.731, 0.633 and 0.548, respectively, and were 0.278, 0.330, 0.275 and 0.444 under purely Epistatic genetic architectures. Corresponding values for the Additive-Dominance-Epistatic structure also were 0.375, 0.448, 0.369 and 0.458, respectively. The results showed that genetic architecture has a great impact on prediction accuracy of genomic evaluation methods. When genetic architecture was purely Additive, parametric methods and Bagging GBLUP were better than RF, whereas under Epistatic and Additive-Dominance-Epistatic genetic architectures, RF delivered better predictive performance than the other statistical methods.
The effects and mechanisms of acids on the health of piglets and weaners – a review
Authors: Nowak Piotr , Zaworska-Zakrzewska Anita , Frankiewicz Andrzej , Kasprowicz-Potocka Małgorzata
Published: October 2020

The rearing of piglets is the most difficult period in the pigs’ production because of their poorly developed digestive system and the low activity of digestive enzymes. Problems in nutrition and stress cause some disorders in the functioning of the digestive system leading to diarrhea and the mortality of piglets. Starting in 2006 in the EU, a total ban on antibiotics in their use as growth promoters was introduced. Since then, new and safe feed additives have been sought in order to replace antibiotics. Organic and inorganic acids as well as their salts were recognized as effective and safe additives. Due to their properties, they can improve feed palatability and digestibility, reduce the buffer capacity of feed, impact the development and functioning of the pig’s digestive system and improve the health and growth parameters. However, the effectiveness of acids is related to their qualitative and quantitative share in the feed additive. In this review, some strategies for using organic acids, their mixtures and also some new multi-component products will be discussed.
Reproduction of the Roman snail (Helix pomatia L.) from a local natural population in farm conditions and in a natural habitat
Authors: Ligaszewski Maciej , Pol Przemysław
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of clutches and reproduction results of two groups of Roman snails (Helix pomatia) from the same local population, laying eggs simultaneously in semi-natural farm conditions and in a natural habitat. The study material were Roman snails aged 2 or more years which had entered the third phenological season of their life and thus the first season of sexual maturity. Observations were conducted at an earthen enclosure in a greenhouse belonging to the experimental farm for edible snails at the National Research Institute of Animal Reproduction in Balice near Kraków (Poland) as well as at a site where a local population naturally occurs in the uncultivated park surrounding the Radziwiłł Palace. In the June-July season, differences among such parameters as weight of clutch, number of eggs in clutch, mean egg weight, and hatchling percentage when compared to the total number of eggs in the clutch were compared. It was determined that clutches of eggs from the natural population laid in the greenhouse were of lesser weight (P<0.01), contained fewer eggs (P<0.05), and the mean weight of individual eggs was less (P<0.05) than in clutches laid simultaneously in a natural habitat. Both in the greenhouse and the natural habitat, in the first phase of laying eggs (June) the weight of the clutch and number of eggs its contained were greater than in the second phase (July). However, only for snails laying eggs in the greenhouse were these differences statistically significant (P<0.05) and highly significant (P<0.01), respectively. Statistically significant differences were not observed in hatchling percentage between eggs laid in the greenhouse and the natural habitat. The lower number of eggs laid in the farmed conditions of the greenhouse was successfully compensated for by the absence of mass destruction by rodents which occurred in the natural habitat.
Accuracy Analysis of Gravity Field Changes from Grace RL06 and RL05 Data Compared to in Situ Gravimetric Measurements in the Context of Choosing Optimal Filtering Type
Authors: Szabó Viktor , Marjańska Dorota
Published: October 2020

Global satellite gravity measurements provide unique information regarding gravity field distribution and its variability on the Earth. The main cause of gravity changes is the mass transportation within the Earth, appearing as, e.g. dynamic fluctuations in hydrology, glaciology, oceanology, meteorology and the lithosphere. This phenomenon has become more comprehensible thanks to the dedicated gravimetric missions such as Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE). From among these missions, GRACE seems to be the most dominating source of gravity data, sharing a unique set of observations from over 15 years. The results of this experiment are often of interest to geodesists and geophysicists due to its high compatibility with the other methods of gravity measurements, especially absolute gravimetry. Direct validation of gravity field solutions is crucial as it can provide conclusions concerning forecasts of subsurface water changes. The aim of this work is to present the issue of selection of filtration parameters for monthly gravity field solutions in RL06 and RL05 releases and then to compare them to a time series of absolute gravimetric data conducted in quasi-monthly measurements in Astro-Geodetic Observatory in Józefosław (Poland). The other purpose of this study is to estimate the accuracy of GRACE temporal solutions in comparison with absolute terrestrial gravimetry data and making an attempt to indicate the significance of differences between solutions using various types of filtration (DDK, Gaussian) from selected research centres.
Assessment of inland valley soils for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) production in some floodplains in central Nigeria
Authors: Orimoloye Julius Romiluyi , Nkwocha Harrison Ugochukwu , Adamu Ibrahim
Published: October 2020

Sugarcane is an energy crop with great economic potentials. Information on soil evaluation for sugarcane in central Nigeria is very scanty. This study was carried out to evaluate the suitability of some soils of the floodplains in central Nigeria for sugarcane cultivation. A semi-detailed soil survey was carried out on 18,500 hectares of land straddling the floodplains of Rivers Niger and Benue in Korton-Karfe Local Government Area of Kogi State. Land resource survey was carried out using a 500 m×500 m grid pattern. Identified soil types were further examined with standard soil profiles. Samples were collected from the soil genetic horizons as well as surface (0–30 cm) soils at selected sampling points for fertility analysis. Parametric and non-parametric suitability evaluation methods were used to relate land qualities with land use requirements for commercial sugarcane cultivation. Relationships between evaluation methods were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Nine soil mapping units were identified in the study areas which were mainly Inceptisols (55.4%) and Alfisols (22.5%) which correlates with Fluvisols (40.4%), Cambisols (15.1%) and Lixisols (22.5%) in the World Reference Base (WRB) classification system. The evaluation methods used revealed that 0%, 4.95%, 49.48%, 23.55% of the soils were highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3) and not suitable (N) for sugarcane cultivation, respectively. Potentially, 0%, 9.52%, 44.91% and 23.55% of the soils were found to be highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3) and not suitable (N) for sugarcane cultivation, respectively. The soils were strongly limited by low soil nutrient availability, soil acidity and flood hazard. Soil management practices such as application of organic manures, fertiliser and liming could be adopted to ameliorate the soil acidity and supply deficient nutrients while land development strategies such as drainage, flood control and possibly sub-soiling would mitigate other major limitations to sugarcane cultivation.
Climate-induced conflicts and livelihoods of farming households in Nigeria: lessons from farmers-herdsmen conflict-ridden communities in Benue State
Authors: Soomiyol Mnguashima Valentina , Fadairo Olushola
Published: October 2020

Helping conflict-affected persons requires an understanding of conflict impacts on their livelihoods. Hence, effects of farmers-herdsmen land-use conflict on livelihoods of farming households in Benue State were investigated. Data were collected from 110 farming households in Guma and Logo Local Government Areas (LGA) using interview schedule and focus group discussion. Most (56.4%) respondents were male, aged 51.6 ± 1.6 years, cultivated 9.14 ± 5.75 acres of farm size and had been involved in farming for 27.7 ± 14.16 years. The majority (>90%) experienced high degree of exposure to conflict incidences such as destruction of properties, homelessness and poor access to market. The respondents indicated a high effect of land-use conflict on farming households’ livelihoods (81.8%) and land availability/use (>50%) following conflict regime induced by climate change. All respondents perceived the anti-open grazing prohibition law as a right step to reducing conflict occurrence. There was no significant difference in the effects of farmers-herdsmen land-use conflict on livelihood of farming households in Guma and Logo LGA (t = 0.051). Farming households were highly vulnerable to the effects of farmers-herders conflict and are supportive of the current local authority’s prohibition of open grazing. A concerted effort involving religious institutions, government and non-governmental organisations including persuasion of herders to consider other options of livestock production such as ranching or settlement scheme would add impetus to the on-going efforts to resolve the conflict.
Semen characteristics and testosterone profiles of Yankasa rams fed graded levels of dietary protein using cotton seed and palm kernel cakes
Authors: Bello Taiwo Kamar-deen , Rekwot Peter Ibrahim , Ayo Joseph Olusegun , Oyelowo Balkisu Banke , Khumran Armiyau Mada , Hassan Raheelah , Oke Brenda Engo , Yusuf Sheriff Idris
Published: October 2020

The increasing demand of the feed market for protein has necessitated the need to look for and use other sources of this nutrient. Cottonseed cake and palm kernel cakes are used extensively for supplementing ruminant rations to increase their productivity. The efficiency of sperm production, libido and quality of spermatozoa tend to remain uniform throughout the reproductive life of an animal but may be significantly altered by nutrition. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of graded levels of protein on semen characteristics, and serum testosterone profile in Yankasa rams. Fifteen rams aged between 18–24 months and weighing 15–25 kg with good body condition scores (3.5) were used in this study. They were divided into three treatment groups (A, B and C) according to the dietary protein level. Group A (n = 5) received 10 %, group B (n = 5) received 15 % while group C (n = 5) received 20 % combined crude protein of cotton seed and palm kernel cakes, respectively. Semen samples were collected weekly using battery-controlled electro ejaculator. Serum samples were harvested using a Pasteur pipette into serum vials and stored at −20 °C for analysis. These samples were from a representative animal in each group for determination of testosterone profiles using ELISA technique at weeks 1, 6 and 12. Data collected were expressed as means and standard error of the mean (± SEM). Significance of differences between treatments means were estimated at P ≤ 0.05 with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). From this study, it was concluded that rams fed concentrate of 15 % crude protein using cotton seed and palm kernel cakes combined had improved semen characteristics in terms of semen concentration, motility, live sperm cells and morphology, but the crude protein levels had no effects on testosterone concentrations.
Adoption of community-based agricultural development project technologies among smallholder farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Adesoji Solomon Adedapo , Fabiyi Esther Oluwatosin , Famakinwa Michael
Published: October 2020

The study described socio-economic characteristics of the beneficiaries of the Community Based Agricultural and Rural Development Project (CBARDP), profiled the agricultural technologies disseminated and adopted. The study was carried out in Kwara State, Nigeria among smallholder farmers. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select respondents who participated in CBARDP in Local Government Areas (LGAs). At the first stage, one participating LGA was purposively selected from each of the agricultural zones, making a total of nine LGAs. At the second stage, three rural communities were randomly selected from each of the selected LGAs while the final stage involved a simple random selection of ten participating farmers from the selected rural communities making a total of 270 respondents. Data collected were described with the frequency counts, percentages, means and standard deviations whereas Chi-square and correlation analyses were used for inferential purposes. The results showed that the mean age of farmers was 52.1 ± 6 years, majority (92.2 % and 74.1 %) were married and male, respectively. The overall results indicated a moderate level of adoption of CBARDP technologies but high adoption in orchard, fishery, poultry and cattle packages while the respondents had low adoption in livestock, processing, crop production and agro-processing packages. The results showed that significant associations existed between sex (χ2 = 23.934), marital status (χ2 = 34.66), membership of social organisation (χ2 = 23.43), compatibility (χ2 = 362.88, relative advantage (χ2 = 211.69) and adoption of CBARDP technologies whereas there were significant relationship between household size (r = 0.201), farm size (r = 0.537), years of experience (r = −0.375) and farmers’ adoption of CBARDP technologies. The study concluded that adoption of CBARDP technologies was moderate among beneficiaries in the study area. It is therefore recommended that more awareness should be created by relevant stakeholders to encourage especially more women to actively participate in similar projects in the future.
Determinants of lack of credit access among indigenous vegetable producers in Nigeria: Implications for policy interventions
Authors: Tanimonure Victoria Adeyemi , Omodara Olabisi Damilola , Fayemi Oreoluwa Grace , Osifo Joy Amaka
Published: October 2020

In this study we assessed the determinants of lack of credit access among the Indigenous Vegetables (IVs) farmers based on primary data collected in a cross-sectional survey. Using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis, the results revealed that more females were involved in the indigenous vegetable production with average age of 40 years, seven household members, eight years of formal education and cultivating 0.76 acre of land. Only 8 % had access to credit and 76 % did not have contact with extension agents. The mean monthly income from indigenous vegetables production, off-farm income and savings were about ₦35,000 (US$96.83), ₦15,000 (US$42.12) and ₦13,000 (US$38.57), respectively. Further, lack of credit access significantly depended on gender (β = 0.15, P < 0.05), educational level (β = 0.11; P < 0.05), farming experience (β = 0.73; P < 0.05), off-farm income (β = 0.23, P < 0.05), saving habits (β = 0. 25; P < 0.01) and annual numbers of extension contact (β = 0.94, P < 0.01) of indigenous vegetable farmers. Therefore, improved access to formal education, extension supports, creation of gender-specific credit scheme and farm-based organisation (FBO) for indigenous vegetables farmers to sustain credit accessibility were advocated.
Soviet Serial Apartment Buildings in Riga Historical Centre Streetscape. 1945–1990
Authors: Garkāje Līva
Published: October 2020

Today’s European historical city centre streetscapes, many of which are designated cultural heritage sites, consist of a mix of urban and architectural housing heritage of different periods, including post World War II period buildings. Nevertheless, knowledge of history of historical centre post-war housing and their artistic and cultural-historical values of this recent past is still insufficient, to a certain degree contradictory, and in some cases even incorrect. This is particularly accurate regarding Modern Movement serial or type Soviet housing in former Soviet republics. This paper presents an ongoing research intended to identify valuable housing streetscape architecture and urban layout traits of post-war period in Latvia (1945–1990) in the environment of historic centre. The goal is to provide specialists in planning and heritage fields with appropriate evaluation criteria and correct know-how material on the theme, as well as general public with cultural historical information considering post-war housing heritage. In this study an example of post-war Modern Movement serial Soviet housing in the historical centre of Riga, the capital city of Latvia, and its protection zone is drawn. The research is based on mapping and auditing streetscapes using Maryland Inventory with this housing typology in historical built environment to identify most common characteristics and qualities of these buildings. The main conclusions are that historical street-scapes do not have significant qualitative differences from historical mixed with post-war housing streetscapes, whereas the quality of streetscapes with dominating post-war modern housing tends to differ from historical streetscapes, as well as has similar shortcomings to those of the large-scale housing block streetscapes.
Characteristics of Laminates for Car Seats
Authors: Batič Eva , Gorjanc Dunja Šajn
Published: October 2020

In the presented research, 11 different laminates were compared, 8 of them were two-layered 3 of them were three-layered laminates. The laminates that were analyzed vary by the type of face-side textile material (knitted and nonwoven textiles), density and thickness of the foam, and specific properties (higher air permeability and low-emission foam). Depending on the different types of laminates, different laminating processes are used: hot-melt, flame, and powder laminations. The purpose of the presented research is to analyze the basic characteristics of the different laminate structures. Properties that are important for these types of laminates are the number of layers, areal density, thickness, resistance to rubbing, fire resistance, water vapor permeability, air permeability, breaking force and extension, thermal conductivity, and stratification. We found that the properties of laminates were not affected by the density and thickness of the foam. Nonwovens and other laminate components do not perform because they have lower abrasion resistance and lower tensile strength than knitted fabrics as the face layer. Knit laminates have good abrasion resistance, high air permeability, and water vapor permeability. Both are self-extinguishing to the first or second mark. Three-layered laminates have lower thermal conductivity and air permeability than two-layered laminates.
Influence of the complex drug Cocarnit on the sciatic nerve in the development of diabetic polyneuropathy in rats
Authors: Nikitina Nataliia , Berehoviy Serhii , Stepanova Ludmila , Savchuk Olexiy , Kuryk Olena , Ostapchenko Ludmila , Beregova Tetyana
Published: October 2020

Ulcers and slow wound healing are common in diabetic polyneuropathy (DP), as well as shooting or burning pain, sensitivity to touch or lack of sensitivity, low oxygenation of nerve tissue, conductivity disorders and various vascular disorders. The mechanisms of DP development are complex and have not been completely studied. To take into account the role of B group vitamins, we investigated histological structure of nerve tissue, the level of different growth factors and the qualitative composition of active proteolytic enzymes in rats with DP and after the use of the metabolic drug Cocarnit for 9 days. This drug composition include nicotinamide, cocarboxylase, cyanocobalamin, adenosine triphosphate disodium trihydrate. We used an histological study of sciatic nerve; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme electrophoresis methods. In rats with DP, fragmentation of nerve tissue and their necrosis was established. Moreover, degraded forms of plasmin that has a fully functional serine proteinase domain are evident, and, therefore, it exhibits proteolytic properties. DP led to a decrease of neuron growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). After treatment, the histological structure of nerve tissue was significantly improved, and the expression of growth factors NGF and bFGF was increased. Our study demonstrated that administration of Corcarnit brought about the complete restoration of the activation potential of plasmin and the almost disappearance of all degraded forms which were evident in the group with DP.
Parametric Study and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Multiple Slit Positions
Authors: Sankar Ponnapalli V. A. , Reddy Kaithi Deepthi , Aqeel Shaik
Published: October 2020

Parametric study and analysis of microstrip patch antenna with multiple slit positions is presented in this research contribution. This work is aimed to design a microstrip patch antenna, which can able resonate dual-band frequencies (i.e. 3.5 GHz and 5.3 GHz) with a trade-off between the geometrical parameters. The proposed antenna designed using the multiple slits on the patch, RT Duroid 5880 as substrate material, and with a defected ground structure. Owing to the geometrical miniaturization this antenna will be capable to work at sophisticated communication systems where size of the communication system is a desired parameter.
A Review of Processing Methods and Classification Algorithm for EEG Signal
Authors: Xie Yu , Oniga Stefan
Published: October 2020

The analysis technique of EEG signals is developing promptly with the evolution of Brain Computer- Interfaces science. The processing and classification algorithm of EEG signals includes three states: pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. The article discusses both conventional and recent processing techniques of EEG signals at the phases of preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. Finally, analyze popular research directions in the future.
Variations of TSNA Levels in Tobaccos Upon Heating at Moderate Temperatures
Authors: Moldoveanu Serban C. , Adams Marlene , St.Charles Frank K.
Published: October 2020

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) including nitrosoanabasine (NAB), nitrosoanatabine (NAT), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are naturally present at trace levels in tobacco. During tobacco processing, preparation of expanded tobacco, and when tobacco is used in heat-not-burn type cigarettes, the tobacco is exposed to different degrees of heat. Heating of tobacco has been reported in the literature to increase the level of TSNAs. Since the increase of TSNAs in heated tobacco is still not well understood, the present study evaluated TSNA levels in six types of tobacco as a function of moderate heat exposure. These tobaccos included: flue-cured lower stalk, flue-cured upper stalk (US), Burley lower stalk, Burley upper stalk (US), and two Oriental blends (Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Northern Republic Macedonia). Heating was performed in sealed glass tubes at oven temperatures of 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C for time intervals of 2 min and 5 min. The temperatures inside the glass tubes were lower than the targets and were monitored separately as a function of glass tube heating. The study showed no meaningful differences within tobacco type (by stalk position) but showed considerable differences in the levels of TSNAs between different tobaccos, with the Burley tobaccos having the highest levels, and the Orientals the lowest. For all tobacco types, TSNAs increase to some extent when temperature increases. For 2-min heating, the increase in TSNAs is relatively small up to about 200 °C, but the levels almost double when the oven temperature increases to 250 °C. For 5-min heating, the increase in TSNAs starts at about 150 °C with a maximum at 200 °C which can reach more than double the initial TSNA level. Longer heating at 250 °C (5 min) starts to cause TSNAs decomposition and the levels are reduced.
Influence of Landscape Diversity on Temporal Variability of Ecosystem Functioning in the South of Western Siberia
Authors: Pershin Dmitry , Chernykh Dmitry , Biryukov Roman , Zolotov Dmitry
Published: October 2020

Biodiversity increases the stability of ecosystem functioning. This is the most frequent pattern in the field of ecosystem functioning, which has been evaluated generally at the community scale. However, most management decisions are made at the landscape scale, which requires the need to confirm these relationships at this level. In the study, we analyzed the relationship between temporal variability of ecosystem functioning and two landscape diversity indices (Shannon and Pielou). We used snow water equivalent and soil moisture content as the indicators of functioning, which are closely related to the runoff formation function. The field data were collected in a small plain basin of the Kasmala river during the period from 2011 to 2017. Within four spatial scales, we have not identified significant linear relationships between the indicators of functioning and diversity indices. These results indicated the strong influence on the total variability by variation in the most widespread ecosystem types (also called idiosyncratic response). It is one of the consequences of landscape structure homogenization within the study area.
Cross-Border Ukrainian–Polish Cooperation in the Sphere of Tourism
Authors: Buchko Zhanna
Published: October 2020

Subject and purpose of work: Investigation and statistical analysis of tourism flows and of trends observed in Ukrainian-Polish cross-border tourism. The purpose of the study is aiding further cross-border tourism-related cooperation between Ukraine and Poland.

Materials and methods: Government and commercial statistics sources. Data analysis methods included literary, analytical, comparative, and quantitative methods.

Results: The processes and dynamics of cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in the field of tourism during 12 years (from 2006 to 2017) have been investigated. The authors analysed data related to tourism flows and determined the primary source-countries of visitors based on the inbound and outbound indicators and the current tourism market trends within this cross-border cooperation.

Conclusions: The main trend in the Ukraine-Poland tourism flow over the last decade is the stabilisation ECONOMIC AND REGIONAL STUDIES STUDIA EKONOMICZNE I REGIONALNE ISSN 2083-3725 to Poland. In the last few years, it has been driven by Ukraine’s focus on Euro-integration.
Labour Migration of Poles
Authors: Czapski Grzegorz
Published: October 2020

Subject and purpose of work: The contemporary labour market in Poland is characterised by a large scale of migration of people, caused by the desire to find a good job. This situation is facilitated by the possibility of free movement within the European Union. The purpose of this study is to present the concept of migration, its types, causes and effects. Statistics related to the labour migration of Poles are also presented. The subject of the study is the migration activity of Poles abroad. The obtained data are presented using the descriptive method and graphical methods.

Materials and methods: National literature and statistical data were used during the work on the research problem.

Results: Statistics showing the scale of the migration phenomenon in Poland are presented. The research period covered the years 2013-2018.

Conclusions: Over the period under consideration, the number of Poles travelling abroad for work purposes decreased. This may be due to the decreasing number of unemployed people and the lower unemployment rate in Poland. At the same time, an increasing number of job offers in the national labour market can be observed.
Antioxidant potential and iodine accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings as the effect of the application of three different iodobenzoates
Authors: Halka Mariya , Smoleń Sylwester , Ledwożyw-Smoleń Iwona
Published: October 2020

Iodine (I) has a beneficial effect on plant growth, development and antioxidant activity. The study aimed to compare iodine uptake after the application of iodobenzoates (2-iodobenzoic acid (2-IBeA), 4-iodobenzoic acid (4-IBeA) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (2,3,5-triIBeA)) as well as potassium iodide (KI) to tomato seedlings. One of the main tasks was to evaluate how the tested compounds applied in different concentrations (5, 10, 25 and 50 μM) affect the growth and antioxidative potential of tomato seedlings. Negative effect on growth and development of tomato seedlings was noted for 4-IBeA applied in 10–50 μM I concentrations. The 2,3,5-triIBeA application affected shoot deformation. All tested iodine compounds increased iodine level in leaves and roots of tomato seedlings. Iodine after KI application was accumulated mainly in leaves, while after iodobenzoates treatment in roots of tomato seedlings, which is probably related to their weaker transport to the upper parts of the plant. Tested compounds variously modified the content of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids in tomato leaves depending on applied concentration. KI treatment improved ascorbate peroxidase activity, but all iodobenzoates decreased APX and catalase activity in leaves. 4-IBeA (5 μM I) and 2,3,5-triIBeA (25 and 50 μM I) increased guaiacol peroxidase activity in leaves. It can be concluded that mechanisms responsible for plant oxidative metabolism were variously affected by the iodine compounds and its concentration in the nutrient solution.
Kaug-Ida päritoluga puittaimede kasvatamisest Järvseljal
Authors: Kasesalu Heino
Published: October 2020

This paper is based on a data set of more than 90 years of experience in cultivation of tree and shrub species of Far-Eastern origin at Järvselja Training and Experimental Forest District. The aim of the paper was to estimate the growth and yield of different tree and shrub species in Eastern Estonia. For this purpose, the height and breast height diameter of trees were measured and their cold hardiness estimated in summer 2019. Our study showed that many tree and shrub species of Far-Eastern origin grow quite well in the conditions prevalent in Eastern Estonia. These introduced species have importance mainly in park management.
The use of woody plants in Estonian and Livonian manor ensembles during the second half of the 17th century
Authors: Nurme Sulev
Published: October 2020

Not much is known about the 17th-century Estonian and Livonian landscape architecture. Most of the information is based on the descriptions found in historical archival and literary sources and on some of the well-known engravings. According to these, a common idea of that era's landscape architecture is that it was humble in scale and design, and was similar to the practice of late-medieval times when there was no space or ambition to grow woody plants in small gardens of castles. But when diving into the Swedish manor plans dating back to the last decades of the 17th century, it can be noted that the layouts of manorial hearts are inherent to the spatial design of early baroque, which is characterized by a landscape that has strongly been redesigned and includes a decorative garden, kitchen garden and a park. This article focuses on the spatial composition of Estonian and Livonian manor parks of the second half of the 17th century and observes the role of trees and their use in these landscapes. This article is based on the results of a study about the planning of baroque manor hearts Understanding the Role of 18th Century Estonian Manor Ensembles in Contemporary Planning and Conservation (Eesti 18. sajandi mõisaansamblid 21. sajandi maastikuplaneerimises: avastamine, mõistmine, tõlgendamine) which was carried out by the author of this article. The map analysis results deal with the spatial structure of manor ensembles and the observations made during the analysis. The article examines the possible ways of using woody plants in 17th-century Estonian manors while looking at the manor ensemble as an architectonic of early baroque. Based on the research results it can be said that by the last decades of the 17th century the wealthiest manors had already built manor hearts with a modest but a clearly baroque style layout which is characterized by a regular and symmetrical ensemble core, a garden axially connected to the main building and avenues heading into the landscape. This type of approach enables to broaden the common conception of the era's garden and park architecture in the manor hearts of Estonia and Livonia. Based on what is highlighted in the article it can be said that the tradition and practice of garden art that has shaped the image of Estonian landscape had already been developed by the end of the 17th century.
On Spatiality of Emotions
Authors: Landweer Hilge
Published: October 2020

The paper argues that all emotions possess a spatial and objective, social character. We can gain access to them only insofar as we are affected by them in a felt-bodily way. Therefore, we need a conception of felt embodiment if we are to achieve a philosophical understanding of the spatial character of emotions. Different phenomena, ranging from the atmospheres of landscapes to shared and individual emotions, illustrate the theses concerning the spatiality of emotions and atmospheres, exemplified by the social contrast of emotions, among other things. The next step clarifies why we should distinguish between the emotion itself and the felt-bodily affection by the emotion. By means of distinctions between two types of felt-bodily or corporeal interaction, a unipolar and a bipolar form, we can gain a better understanding of the spatial character of emotions but also how resonances of emotions work. One result of our examination is that we can explain why positive collective emotions become more intense through shared bodily experience.