bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma patients with impaired renal function
Authors: Dimopoulos Meletios , Alegre Adrian , Stadtmauer Edward A. , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Zonder Jeffrey A. , de Castro Carlos M. , Masliak Zvenyslava , Reece Donna , Olesnyckyj Marta , Yu Zhinuan , Weber Donna M.
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:

In patients with multiple myeloma, renal impairment (RI) at the time of diagnosis is associated with poor survival. To the authors' knowledge, the current retrospective analysis presented is the first to assess the impact of various degrees of renal dysfunction on safety and efficacy outcomes in a large cohort of patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma who received treatment with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone.

METHODS:

Three hundred fifty‐three patients from 2 large phase 3 trials were randomized to receive lenalidomide (25 mg) plus dexamethasone (40 mg). For the purpose of this analysis, RI was defined according to the calculated creatinine clearance (CLCr) level as follows: mild or no RI (CLCr ≥ 60 mL/minute), moderate RI (CLCr from ≥ 30 mL/minute to <60 mL/minute), and severe RI (CLCr <30 mL/minute).

RESULTS:

The RI subgroups did not differ significantly in terms of the overall response rate (range, 50%‐64%) or response quality (very good partial response or better, 27%‐37%). In all RI subgroups, the time to progression and progression‐free survival did not differ significantly compared with the mild or no RI group. Patients with RI experienced an increased incidence of thrombocytopenia, required more frequent lenalidomide dose reduction or interruption, and had shorter overall survival than patients with mild or no RI (P = .006). Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone led to improvement in renal function in the majority of patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results from this study indicated that, with careful monitoring of the CLCr level and adverse events as well as appropriate dose adjustments, lenalidomide plus dexamethasone is an effective and well tolerated treatment option for patients with multiple myeloma who have RI. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Publication and consumption of caBIG data services using .NET
Authors: Humphrey Marty , Li Jie , Beekwilder Norm
Published: May 2010

The cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid (caBIG) is revolutionizing the way medical researchers share information and collaborate. A key to caBIG's continued success will be interoperability. However, to date, only a single code base (in Java) has been used to create a set of tools and run‐time services for caBIG. This paper presents the first significant exploration into the use of Microsoft's .NET Framework and Visual Studio for caBIG. Given its substantial existing community, a .NET‐based set of tools for caBIG can significantly increase the pool of qualified software designers and developers for caBIG. Arguably more importantly, a second development foundation could facilitate revisiting a broad set of design decisions made to date in caBIG that have perhaps been unduly based directly or indirectly on a single underlying software technology. We begin by describing issues we have encountered in building relatively simple .NET‐based clients to existing caBIG services. Next, we describe how we leverage Microsoft ADO.NET Data Services as the foundation for caBIG Data Services, in particular for the caBIO data set. We find that ADO.NET Data Services has a uniquely strong potential to facilitate rapid development and deployment. We conclude with a discussion of the roadmap of our project's future activities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Group cognitive behaviour therapy for adults with Asperger syndrome and anxiety or mood disorder: a case series
Authors: Weiss Jonathan A. , Lunsky Yona
Published: May 2010

Individuals with Asperger syndrome are at increased risk for mental health problems compared with the general population, especially with regard to mood and anxiety disorders. Generic mental health services are often ill‐equipped to offer psychotherapeutic treatments to this population, and specialized supports are difficult to find. This case series used a manualized cognitive behaviour therapy group programme (Mind Over Mood) with three adults diagnosed with Asperger syndrome, who were each unable to access psychotherapy through mainstream mental health services. This review highlights the benefits of a cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) group approach for adults with Asperger syndrome and suggests some potential modifications to traditional CBT provision. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

• As a group, adults with Asperger syndrome are at high risk for anxiety disorders and depression.

• Cognitive behaviour therapy can be adapted to help adults with Asperger syndrome cope with anxiety or depression.

• Group cognitive behaviour therapy for adults with Asperger syndrome may hold a number of advantages to individual therapy.
Adult attachment insecurity and narrative processes in psychotherapy: an exploratory study
Authors: Daniel Sarah I. F.
Published: May 2010

Different types of client attachment insecurity may affect the psychotherapeutic process in distinct ways. This exploratory study compared the in‐session discourse of clients with dismissing and preoccupied attachment states of mind on Adult Attachment Interviews conducted prior to therapy in the context of a randomized clinical trial of psychoanalytic and cognitive–behavioural psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa. In a subsample of six sessions from each of eight therapy dyads, preoccupied clients were found to talk more and have longer speaking turns than dismissing clients, who in turn generated more pauses. Using the Narrative Processes Coding System, preoccupied clients were found to show more narrative initiative; whereas, differences in terms of narrative process modes were not as clearly interpretable. Contrary to expectations, the two insecure states of mind were equally different in the relationship‐focused psychoanalytic therapy and in the symptom‐focused cognitive–behavioural therapy. Suggestions for further investigations of the in‐session discourse of clients with different attachment states of mind are given. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

• Client adult attachment patterns are likely to affect psychotherapeutic processes.

• Client insecure dismissing and insecure preoccupied attachment may be detectable in distinct in‐session discourse styles.

• More research is needed on in‐session manifestations of client attachment patterns and their relation to therapeutic outcome.
Amplifications and applications of Pennebaker's analogic to digital model in health promotion, prevention, and psychotherapy
Authors: De Giacomo Piero , L'Abate Luciano , Pennebaker James W. , Rumbaugh Duane
Published: May 2010

This article expands on James Pennebaker's original model in expressive writing, going from an Analogically unclear and unspecified experiential mass (A) to a Digital specification in words (D). Amplifications of this model are found in philosophy, psychodynamic theory and in Salience learning theory. Applications of this model involve expressive writing, going from ambiguous experiences (A) to using the Dictionary (D), and responding to Sentences with strong psychological impact (S). The undefined and ill‐defined analogical mass is constituted by traumas in Pennebaker's work and hurt feelings in L'Abate's and Vangelisti's works. Implications of these approaches for the practice of health promotion, prevention and psychotherapy are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

• This article points to the presence of internal feelings that are produced by abusive, painful, hurtful or of negatively perceived events in a person's life at various levels of awareness, from deeply unconscious, semi‐conscious, conscious but not spoken, and conscious and spoken.

• Consequently, there are at least four different techniques that can be used by practitioners to elicit and facilitate the emergence of these feelings through.

 • Traditional talk‐based face‐to‐face psychotherapy focused mostly on those feelings rather than other distracting or tangential topics.

 • Expressive writing, the Pennebaker's paradigm about past traumas for 15 to 20 minutes a day for 4 consecutive days.

 • Programmed distance writing with interactive practice exercises or work‐books specifically focused on hurt feelings using a matching Informed Consent Form to be signed by participants before introducing any therapeutic approach to elicit hurt feelings.

 • Administration of sentences with strong psychological impact that may be related to hurt feelings.
Development of a novel, cell‐based chemical screen to identify inhibitors of intraphagosomal lipolysis in macrophages
Authors: VanderVen Brian C. , Hermetter Albin , Huang Amy , Maxfield Fredrick R. , Russell David G. , Yates Robin M.
Published: May 2010

Macrophages play a central role in tissue homeostasis and the immune system. Their primary function is to internalize cellular debris and microorganisms for degradation within their phagosomes. In this context, their capacity to process and sequester lipids such as triacylglycerides and cholesteryl esters makes them key players in circulatory diseases, such as atheroclerosis. To discover new inhibitors of lipolytic processing within the phagosomal system of the macrophage, we have developed a novel, cell‐based assay suitable for high‐throughput screening. We employed particles carrying a fluorogenic triglyceride substrate and a calibration fluor to screen for inhibitors of phagosomal lipolysis. A panel of secondary assays were employed to discriminate between lipase inhibitors and compounds that perturbed general phagosomal trafficking events. This process enabled us to identify a new structural class of pyrazole‐methanone compounds that directly inhibit lysosomal and lipoprotein lipase activity. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Tubulolobular carcinoma of the breast with grooved and cerebriform nuclei: Failure to identify this specific subtype in a case during routine fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological diagnosis
Authors: Das Dilip K. , Haji Bahia I. , Abdeen Suad M. , John Bency , Sheikh Mehraj , Al‐Bader Ibtisam , Behbehani Abdulla I. F.
Published: May 2010

Tubulolobular carcinoma (TLC) is a rare tumor of the breast in which histologic features of both tubular and lobular carcinoma are combined. We report a case of TLC, in which the specific subtype was missed at routine cytologic and histopathological examination. A 69‐year‐old woman presented with a right breast lump. Imaging studies indicated a malignant lesion in right upper quadrant. Routine fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology diagnosis was a duct cell carcinoma (small cell type). In a setting of cystic thyroid lesions, presence of excessive nuclear grooves, and rare intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusion, metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma was also considered. However, both these possibilities were not supported by immunocytochemical findings (estrogen receptor+, thyroglobulin−, and chromogranin−). The histopathology diagnosis was invasive duct cell carcinoma. Review of FNA smears and paraffin sections led to the diagnosis of TLC, which was supported by positive immunohistochemical stainings for markers like e‐cadherin and β‐catein. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:54–59. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usefulness of Claudin 4 in the cytological diagnosis of serosal effusions
Authors: Lonardi Silvia , Manera Calogero , Marucci Raffaella , Santoro Amerigo , Lorenzi Luisa , Facchetti Fabio
Published: May 2010

The identification of metastatic cells in serous effusions has prognostic and therapeutic implications, thus leading to a continuous search for improvement of the existing diagnostic procedures, including immunocytochemistry. To evaluate the usefulness of an antibody recognizing the tight junction‐associated protein Claudin 4 in detecting metastatic tumor cells and in the differential with reactive and neoplastic mesothelium, we stained 345 cases of benign and neoplastic serous effusions obtained from pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium. Two‐hundred and twenty‐eight of 230 cases (99.1%) of epithelial metastasis of different origin were strongly stained by anti‐Claudin 4, whereas all cases of reactive mesothelitis (78) and malignant mesothelioma (37) were negative. With the exception of a single case of ovarian carcinoma hypercalcemic‐type, all tumors originating from the anatomical sites that most frequently metastasize to the serosae, including lung (61), breast (23), female genital tract (67), gastrointestinal tract (27), and peritoneum (6), were found to be positive. Claudin 4 was also extremely useful in detecting single‐tumor cells dispersed among heavy inflammatory reaction. Because of its high sensitivity (99.1%) and specificity (100%), Claudin 4 might be used as an ideal “single‐shot” marker for the identification of metastatic epithelial cells in serous effusions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:313–317. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conjunctival metastasis from Kaposi's sarcoma: A case report
Authors: Cano Roberto Gabriel Albìn , Cardenas Juan Carlos Perez
Published: May 2010

We present one case of Kaposi's sarcoma with conjunctive metastasis. The case describes a 71‐years‐old white male, who was admitted at hospital by malaise, slight pain on the left eyelid, nodular lesion of the left leg, and enlarge lymph nodes in inguinal regions. The conjunctive neoplasms are rare, and we most frequently can see the pigment ones fallowed by squamous epithelials and lymphomas. The primary Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) from conjunctiva is a rare tumor and it has increased by AIDS emergence and immunosuppresion. The appearance of conjunctival metastasis from KS is a stand out event. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:128–131. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Ki‐67 and p27Kip1 in fine‐needle aspirates from breast carcinoma and benign breast diseases
Authors: Ramljak Vesna , Sučić Mirna , Vrdoljak Danko Velemir , Borojević Nikola
Published: May 2010

Cell atypia in breast fine needle aspiration (FNA) can introduce some diagnostic difficulties. Molecules reflecting proliferative cell potential, such as Ki‐67 and p27Kip1, can help in recognizing the true biological nature of a cell. Thus, the objective of the study was to analyze the difference in Ki‐67 and p27Kip1 cell immunoexpression in breast FNA specimens between fibroadenomas, fibrocystic changes (FCC) with atypia, and breast carcinoma. Microscopic analyses of cell cytomorphology and Ki‐67 and p27Kip1 breast cell immunoexpression were done after standard Pappenheim and immunocytochemical staining (labeled streptavidin‐biotin, LSAB) method in autostainer DakoCytomation TechMate™. The study included 50 patients with breast carcinoma, 20 patients with fibroadenoma, and 20 patients with FCC with atypia. High Ki‐67 and low or absent p27Kip1 were found in most patients with breast carcinoma, while majority of FCC with atypia were characterized by low Ki‐67 and moderate to high p27Kip1 cell immunoexpression. Majority of fibroadenomas were associated with low Ki‐67 and low to moderate p27Kip1 cell immunoexpression indicating progressive decrease in cell cycle inhibition, but still not so high proliferative activity as in carcinoma. However, although statistically significant difference for Ki‐67 and p27Kip1 was found between breast lesions in our study, the large ranges observed for each marker make them essentially useless for better cytological diagnosis in a single case. Regarding their opposite role in cell cycle, inverse correlation of Ki‐67 and p27Kip1 was noticed. Poorly differentiated carcinoma cells had mostly high Ki‐67 andlow p27Kip1 cell immunoexpression. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:333–340. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic usefulness of EMA, IMP3, and GLUT‐1 for the immunocytochemical distinction of malignant cells from reactive mesothelial cells in effusion cytology using cytospin preparations
Authors: Ikeda Katsuhide , Tate Genshu , Suzuki Takao , Kitamura Takashi , Mitsuya Toshiyuki
Published: May 2010

To differentiate reactive mesothelial cells (RMs) from metastatic carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma (MM) in effusion cytology is crucial for the cytologic diagnosis and the management of the patients. In the present study, the immunocytochemical staining profile of the epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), the insulin‐like growth factor‐II mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IMP3), and the glucose transporter‐1 (GLUT‐1) was examined to distinguish RMs from malignant cells. A total of 171 pleural (n = 87) and peritoneal (n = 84) effusion specimens, including 50 benign effusions with RMs, 11 MM effusions, and 110 metastatic malignant effusions, were evaluated for immunocytochemistry. EMA, IMP3, monoclonal GLUT‐1, and polyclonal GLUT‐1 immunoreactivity were observed in 26.0%, 6.0%, 20.0%, and 18.0% of RMs, respectively. In contrast to RMs, the immunoreactivity in MM was 100%, 36.4%, 100%, and 90.9%; adenocarcinoma (AC) was 100%, 80.8%, 81.7%, and 72.1%; squamous‐cell carcinoma was 83.3%, 83.3%, 83.3%, and 66.7%. EMA, IMP3, mGLUT‐1, and pGLUT‐1 expressions were observed in 98.4%, 65.6%, 88.5%, and 75.4% in the pleural effusion with malignant cells, and 100%, 88.3%, 78.3%, and 71.7% in ascites containing malignant cells, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate that the immunocytochemical staining for EMA, IMP3, and GLUT‐1 is a useful diagnostic tool for distinguishing effusions containing malignant cells from those that contain benign cells, and in particular, we suggest that the combination of mGLUT‐1 and EMA, and IMP3 and EMA are extremely useful in pleural effusion and in ascites, respectively. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:395–401. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combining cytomorphology and serology for the diagnosis of cat scratch disease
Authors: Youssef Dima , Shams Wael E. , El Abbassi Adel , Moorman Jonathan P. , Al‐Abbadi Mousa A.
Published: May 2010

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a self limited zoonotic disease that presents most commonly as a regional lymphadenopathy. We are reporting a case of a 25‐year‐old male patient who presented with fever and large right inguinal lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of cat scratch disease was confirmed based on the characteristic cytopathological features on aspirate smears from the lymph node and the serological titers for Bartonella henselae. This case report emphasizes the importance of combining Bartonella serology, and cytopathology in the diagnostic work‐up of febrile lymphadenopathy and suspected CSD since the culture of this organism is arduous. Diagn. Cytopathol.2011;39:210–213. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of low‐grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma of the salivary gland
Authors: Nakazawa Tadao , Kondo Tetsuo , Yuminomochi Tsutomu , Nakazawa Kumiko , Ishii Yoshio , Mochizuki Kunio , Kawasaki Tomonori , Yamane Tetsu , Miyata Masanori , Motosugi Utaroh , Katoh, Ryohei
Published: May 2010

Low‐grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma (LGCCC) is a rare tumor, defined in the 2005 WHO classification as a primary salivary duct tumor. Previously, the neoplasm had been recognized as a variant of salivary duct carcinomas. A 56‐year‐old Japanese woman noticed a mass in the left subaural region. On radiological examinations, a multicystic tumor was seen in the left parotid gland. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy was performed. The smears revealed several characteristic cytologic features. The tumor cells were arranged in irregular overlapping and showed inconspicuous nuclear atypia with variable‐sized and irregularly shaped cytoplasmic vacuoles. Based on these findings, a cystic tumor with uncertain malignancy was diagnosed. A parotidectomy was performed, because the tumor was slowly growing and contained solid components on the radiological images. Based on the histologic findings, along with immunohistochemistry, LGCCC was diagnosed based on resemblance to breast low‐grade ductal carcinoma in situ and intraductal proliferation of tumor cells. This is the first report of the cytomorphological findings of LGCCC. Diagn. Cytopathol.2011;39:218–222. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved sensitivity over time with rapid prescreening in gynecologic cytology
Authors: Dudding Nick , Renshaw Andrew A. , Ellis Kay
Published: May 2010

Rapid prescreening (RPS) is a powerful tool to measure and improve performance in the cytology laboratory. Long‐term use of RPS has been shown to result in improved sensitivity and precision in routine screening. The effect of long‐term RPS on RPS itself is not known. We compared the sensitivity of 100% RPS of Surepath™ liquid‐based cytology over a 4‐year period in a laboratory of 11 cytotechnologists (CTs). In comparison with the first 2 years, RPS for the laboratory showed a significant increase in sensitivity for all abnormalities (72.2% vs. 67.3%, P < 0.001) and ASCUS + LSIL (68.5% vs. 62.1%, P < 0.001). For individual CTs s, the lowest sensitivity for all abnormalities increased from 59.0 to 63.2%, whereas, for HSIL, it increased from 71.4% to 75.0%. We conclude that long‐term use of RPS leads to significant increase in the sensitivity of RPS. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:428–430. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of etamiphylline and metabolites in equine plasma and urine by accurate mass and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wieder M. E. , Brown P.R. , Grainger L. , Teale P.
Published: May 2010

Etamiphylline camsylate (Millophylline V) was administered intravenously to two horses at a dose of 2.8 mg/kg. Urine and blood samples were taken up to 32 h post administration. Unhydrolyzed plasma and urine was extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE). The identity of the parent drug and metabolites was confirmed using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer and accurate mass analysis on an orbitrap mass spectrometer. Desethyletamiphylline (molecular weight 251) was the main metabolite observed in the urine and plasma samples and resulted from the N‐deethylation of etamiphylline. The second metabolite detected in urine and plasma resulted from the demethylation of etamiphylline (molecular weight 265). The third minor metabolite detected in urine was proposed to have resulted from a simultaneous N‐deethylation and demethylation of etamiphylline (molecular weight 238). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability‐indicating chemometric methods for the determination of tazarotene
Authors: Saad Ahmed S. , Darwish Hany W. , Badawy Amr M. , Abd El‐Aleem Abd El‐Aziz B.
Published: May 2010

Two multivariate calibration methods—principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS)—have been used to determine tazarotene in the presence of its degradation products. Both methods are useful in spectral analysis because of the simultaneous inclusion of many spectral wavelengths instead of the single wavelength used in derivative spectrophotometry. A great improvement in the precision and predictive abilities of these multivariate calibrations was observed. A calibration set was constructed for the mixture and the best model was used to predict the concentration of the selected drug. The proposed methods were applied successfully in the determination of tazarotene in laboratory‐prepared mixtures and in commercial preparations. Tazarotene was analyzed with mean accuracies of 100.006 ± 0.695 and 100.007 ± 0.690 using the PCR and PLS methods, respectively. The validity of the proposed methods was assessed using the standard addition technique. The proposed methods were found to be rapid, simple and required no preliminary separation. They can therefore be used for the routine analysis of tazarotene in quality‐control laboratories. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A tale of two crises: what the global financial crisis means for the global environmental crisis
Authors: Tienhaara Kyla
Published: May 2010

Humanity is currently faced with two global crises, one financial and one environmental. Although ostensibly distinct, these crises are in fact interlinked. Unsustainable consumption, at the heart of the environmental crisis, is driven to a large extent by unsustainable debt, which creates financial instability. If these underlying issues are tackled, and investment is directed into environmental initiatives through a ‘green new deal’, then the ultimate outcome of the financial crisis could be the mitigation of the environmental crisis. If, conversely, economic hardship is used as a justification for delaying action on critical environmental issues and economic growth remains at the centre of government policy, then the ultimate outcome of the financial crisis could be the deepening of the environmental crisis. The relationship between the two crises therefore provides both opportunities and threats to achieving long‐term economic and ecological sustainability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, DNA Binding, and Hydrolytic Cleavage Activity of a Manganese(II) Complex
Authors: Qian Jing , Ma Xiao‐Fang , Xu Hai‐Zhen , Tian Jin‐Lei , Shang Jing , Zhang Yuan , Yan Shi‐Ping
Published: May 2010

A new trinuclear manganese(II) complex {[MnCl(bpma)]2[Mn(μ‐Cl)4(H2O)2]}·CH3CN (1) [bpma = N,N‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)methylamine] has been synthesized and structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The variable temperature‐dependent susceptibility measurement (2–300 K) of 1 reveals a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the manganese ions through the dichlorido bridging ligands, with J = –0.46 cm–1, g = 1.99. The electrospray ionization mass spectrum of 1 in solution indicates that the dinuclear [Mn2(bpma)2Cl2(H2O)(OH)]+ ion is the active species. In the absence of a reducing agent, supercoiled plasmid DNA cleavage by the active species was performed and its hydrolytic mechanism was demonstrated with radical scavengers, anaerobic reaction, and T4 ligase. The pseudo‐Michaelis–Menten kinetic parameters (kcat., KM) were calculated to be 1.11 h–1 and 6.65 × 10–4 M for the dinuclear species.
Dinuclear Complexes of the N2O2 Oxime Chelate Ligand with Zinc(II)–Lanthanide(III) as a Selective Sensitization System for Sm3+
Authors: Akine Shigehisa , Utsuno Fumihiko , Taniguchi Takanori , Nabeshima Tatsuya
Published: May 2010

A series of zinc(II)–lanthanide(III) dimetallic complexes have been synthesized by the one‐pot reaction of the oxime‐based N2O2 chelate ligand H2L with zinc(II) acetate and lanthanide(III) salts. The heavier lanthanides (Sm–Lu) producedheterodinuclear complexes [LZnLn]3+ (Ln = Sm–Lu) in which the zinc(II) ion occupies the N2O2 chelate site of H2L and the lanthanide(III) ion is located in the semicircular O4 site. In contrast, the trinuclear complex [(LZn)2La]3+ was obtained by the reaction of H2L with zinc(II) and lanthanum(III) salts. The heterometallic complexes [LZnLn]3+ and [(LZn)2La]3+ were also formed by the reaction of [L2Zn3]2+ with the heavier lanthanides (Sm3+–Lu3+) and La3+, respectively. The dinuclear complex [LZnSm(OAc)3] exhibited a relatively intense red emission due to Sm3+, whereas [LZnEu(OAc)3] gave no detectable emission. The corresponding complexes containing other lanthanides showed only a weak blue emission due to the ligand moiety. Therefore the ligand L2– can selectively sensitize Sm3+ from among Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, and Dy3+, although these complexes would often exhibit f–f luminescence. The deep‐red luminescence from samarium(III) at around 650 nm is potentially useful for a full‐color display. In addition, [LZnYb(OAc)3] exhibited near‐infrared luminescence.
A New Cobalt(II)‐Layered Network Based on Phenyl(carboxymethyl) Phosphinate
Authors: Costantino Ferdinando , Ienco Andrea , Midollini Stefano , Orlandini Annabella , Rossin Andrea , Sorace Lorenzo
Published: May 2010

In the presence of 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bipy) and CoII metal ions, a bifunctional phosphinate‐carboxylate ligand, phenyl(carboxymethyl) phosphinate (pcc), forms a new polymeric metal‐organic framework (MOF), [[Co(pcc)(4,4′‐bipy)(H2O)](H2O)1.5]n (1). The structure consists of 2D slabs connected by solvent water molecules with cobalt metal atoms in two different coordination environments. The temperature‐dependent X‐ray powder diffraction analysis of 1 shows the formation of dehydrated phases in the range 120–180 °C. The dehydration–rehydration process is reversible. The overall magnetic behaviour of complex 1 is dominated by single ion effects with only weak exchange coupling interactions, due to the syn/anti conformation of the Co–O–C–O–Co path.
Syntheses at Elevated Temperature and Structures of Lanthanoid/Alkaline Earth Heterobimetallic Derivatives of 2‐Methyl‐8‐hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Forsyth Craig M. , Junk Peter C. , Urbatsch Aron
Published: May 2010

Rearrangement reactions between Ln(MQ)3 and AE(MQ)2 (MQ = 8‐quinaldinolate) at 200–300 °C in a 1,2,4,5‐tetramethylbenzene (TMB) flux afforded the homoleptic heterobimetallic complexes [Ln2AE(MQ)8] (Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb, Er with AE = Mg; Ln = La, Eu with AE = Ca) and [Eu3Ba(MQ)11]·2TMB. From an attempt to prepare [La2Mg(MQ)8], [Mg4(MQ)8] was isolated, and it was also obtained with the heterobimetallics from syntheses in which Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb. Surprisingly, [Er3(MQ)7CO3] was isolated from an attempted synthesis of [Er2Ca(MQ)8], and the Eu analogue was prepared from Eu(MQ)3 and CaCO3 in TMB at 210 °C. The [Ln2AE(MQ)8] complexes have a trinuclear structure with a linear or nearly linear Ln–AE–Ln array. Octacoordinate Ln atoms have one terminal chelating (N, O) MQ ligand and three chelating‐bridging MQ ligands that link to AE through the phenolic oxygen atoms, leading to hexacoordination of AE. In [Eu3Ba(MQ)11]·2TMB, an Eu atom is positioned above the Ba–Eu vector of a somewhat bent Eu–Ba–Eu unit. All atoms are octacoordinate, and the structure features μ3‐η2(N,O):η1(O):η1(O) MQ ligands in addition to terminal chelating and chelating‐bridging μ‐η2(N,O):η1(O) MQ groups observed in [Ln2AE(MQ)8] complexes. The three modes of ligation are also observed in [Mg4(MQ)8] where Mg is hexacoordinate but with two different arrays. [Ln3(MQ)7CO3] complexes have a perpendicular Ln–Ln–Ln arrangement with two octacoordinate metal atoms flanking a heptacoordinate one. Carbonate binding features the new η1(O)‐μ3‐η1(O′):η1(O′):η1(O′)‐η1(O″) ligation mode. The carbonate ligand chelates to each of the outer Ln atoms, which are also linked to one chelating and two chelating‐bridging MQ ligands. Attached to the central Ln atom is a carbonate oxygen atom, four oxygen atoms from chelating‐bridging MQ ligands and a terminal MQ chelate.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 4‐Arylcoumarins Using Triarylbismuth Compounds as Atom‐Efficient Multicoupling Organometallic Nucleophiles
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Venkatesh Varadhachari , Jadhav Deepak N.
Published: May 2010

Triarylbismuth compounds have been cross‐coupled as atom‐efficient multicoupling organometallic nucleophiles with 4‐bromo‐ and 4‐(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)coumarins under palladium catalysis conditions. These reactions afforded an array of 4‐arylcoumarins in high yields. The general palladium protocol has been demonstrated to be efficient for the coupling of both bromide and triflate derivatives of coumarins with triarylbismuth reagents.
A Cyclic Porphyrin Tetramer Linked by Azo and Butadiyne Bridges
Authors: Bašić Bruno , McMurtrie John C. , Arnold Dennis P.
Published: May 2010

A soluble cyclic porphyrin oligomer (CPO) consisting of four 5,10‐diarylporphyrins linked by alternating azo and butadiyne bridges has been synthesised via an aminated dinickel(II) butadiyne dimer. This is the first cyclic tetramer that combines both azo and butadiyne bridges and extends the azoporphyrin family, which comprises only a very few examples. The electronic absorption spectrum of the tetramer is more similar to spectra of azoporphyrins than to those of butadiyne‐linked dimers or tetramer, exhibiting a two‐component Soret band with a splitting of 4190 cm–1 and a strongly red‐shifted Q band maximum at 735 nm.
Synthesis of New Sulfoxide‐Containing Diselenides and Unexpected Cyclization Reactions to 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4‐benzoselenothiine 1‐Oxides
Authors: Freudendahl Diana M. , Iwaoka Michio , Wirth Thomas
Published: May 2010

New chiral sulfoxide‐containing diselenides were prepared and their corresponding selenium electrophiles were used for the stereoselective functionalization of alkenes. The influence of solvents and different nucleophiles on the outcome of the selenenylation reaction was studied. Besides the successful selenenylation reactions, one selenium electrophile showed an unexpected reactivity in forming a six‐membered heterocyclic system upon reaction with alkenes. A mechanism for the formation of these 2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzoselenothiine 1‐oxides is proposed.
Behavioral rebound following stereotype suppression
Authors: Follenfant Alice , Ric François
Published: May 2010

Attempts to suppress stereotypes have often been found to result in an increased accessibility of these stereotypes. According to thought suppression literature together with research on prime‐to‐behavior effects, we hypothesized that suppression of stereotype can lead people to subsequently behave in accordance with its content and that these effects are stronger after suppression (rebound) than after a classical priming condition (i.e., no‐suppression condition). Experiment 1 showed that suppression of the stereotype of sportsmen (associated with poor math performance) but not of Italian men (not related to math performance) led participants to subsequently perform worse on a calculus task in comparison to non‐suppressors. These effects were replicated in a second experiment with another stereotype (elderly) and another behavior that does not require self‐regulation (walking speed): Suppressors walked slower than non‐suppressors. These findings are considered in the context of mental control and social stereotyping. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terminal‐vinyl liquid crystal crown ether‐modified, vinyl‐functionalized hybrid silica monolith for capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Feng Rui , Tian Yun , Chen Hao , Huang Zaifu , Zeng Zhaorui
Published: May 2010

A novel terminal‐vinyl liquid crystal crown ether (2‐[4‐(3‐undeceny‐1‐yloxy)‐phenyl]‐2‐[4′‐(4′‐carboxybenzo‐15‐crown‐5)‐phenyl] propane) (LCCE) was synthesized and used to modify hybrid silica‐based monolithic column possessing vinyl ligands for CEC. The monolithic silica matrix containing vinyl functionalities was prepared by in situ co‐condensation of tetramethoxysilane and vinyl‐trimethoxysilane via sol–gel process and chemically modified with LCCE by free radical polymerization procedure using α,α'‐azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. Morphology of the monolithic column was examined by SEM and mercury porosimetry and the successful incorporation of terminal‐vinyl LCCE to the vinyl‐hybrid monolith was characterized by infrared spectra. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzenediols, carbamate pesticides and steroids, were successfully separated on the column. The separations were dominated hydrogen bonding supplied by crown ether and hydrophobic interaction offered by the liquid crystal. The effect of ACN concentration on separation performance was studied and the result indicated that RP retention mechanism played an important role. Reproducibilities of migration times for the six selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were reasonable, with relative standard deviation less than 3.50% for five consecutive within‐column runs and were 8.38–9.11% for column‐to‐column measurements of three columns.
Pressure generation at the junction of two microchannels with different depths
Authors: Yanagisawa Naoki , Dutta Debashis
Published: May 2010

In this study, we report the design of a microchip‐based hydraulic pump that comprises three glass conduits arranged in a T‐geometry, one of which has a 2 mm long segment shallower (0.5–3 μm in depth) than the remaining 15 μm deep microfluidic network. Upon application of an electric field across this microchannel junction, a mismatch in EOF rate is introduced due to a differential in the fluid conductivity across the deep and shallow segments. Using the reported micropump, pressure‐driven velocities up to 3.2 mm/s have been generated in a 15 μm deep separation channel for an applied voltage of 1.75 kV allowing us to operate under separation conditions that yield the minimum plate height. Moreover, we have shown that this flow velocity can be maximized by optimizing the depth in the shallow region of the T‐geometry. Interestingly however, a simple theory accounting for fluid conductivity differences across microchannels of different depths significantly underestimates the pressure‐driven velocities observed in our experiments. The Taylor dispersion coefficient in our system on the other hand compares well with the theoretical predictions reported in the literature. Finally, the functionality of our device has been demonstrated by implementing a reverse‐phase chromatographic separation that was driven by the pressure‐driven flow generated on‐chip.
Interactions of metal cations with anionic groups on the cell wall of the macroalga Vaucheria sp.
Authors: Michalak Izabela , Chojnacka Katarzyna
Published: May 2010

The aim of this article was to investigate the interactions of metal cations in aqueous solutions with the biomass of the freshwater macroalga Vaucheria sp. This problem is important when elaborating new applications of biosorption, e.g. the production of mineral feed additives for livestock from the biomass of algae enriched with microelement ions. Potentiometric titration was applied as a quick and cheap screening test to search for new efficient biosorbents. It revealed a variety of functional groups capable of cation exchange on the macroalgal surface, including carboxyl, phosphate, hydroxyl or amino groups. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on natural and chromium‐loaded Vaucheria sp. confirmed that carboxyl groups played a dominant role in the biosorption. The study also showed that Ca(II), Na(I), K(I), and Mg(II) ions were released from the biomass after biosorption of Cu(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), and Co(II) ions, indicating that ion exchange was a key mechanism in the biosorption of metal ions by Vaucheria sp. biomass. It was noticed that the mass of the microelement cations bound by the macroalga was proportional to the total mass of light metal ions [Na(I), K(I), Ca(II), and Mg(II)] released from the biomass.
Convenient, multi‐well plate‐based DNA damage response analysis using DT40 mutants is applicable to a high‐throughput genotoxicity assay with characterization of modes of action
Authors: Ridpath John R. , Takeda Shunichi , Swenberg James A. , Nakamura Jun
Published: May 2010

Chemists continually synthesize myriad new chemicals (∼2,000/year), some of which make their way into the environment or otherwise pose possible threats to humans who potentially become exposed to the compounds. Regulators must determine whether these, along with the glut (∼80,000) of existing, chemicals are toxic and at what exposure levels. An important component of this determination is to ascertain the mode of action (MOA) of each compound as it relates to the pathway the compound uses to induce genotoxicity. Several assays have traditionally been used to reveal these effects to the genome: the Ames test, tests with yeast and mammalian cell lines, and animal studies. Previously, we described a new multi‐well plate‐based method which makes use of the DT40 isogenic cell line and its dozens of available mutants knocked out in DNA repair and cell cycle pathways and we now provide a detailed protocol of the further improvement of the assay. Although the DT40 line has existed for some time and has been used in numerous studies of DNA repair pathways, little use has been made of this valuable resource for toxicological investigations. Our method introduces the 2,3‐bis (2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)−5‐[(phenylamino) carbonyl]−2H‐tetrazolium hydroxide dye scheme determination of cell survival in a manner that greatly increases throughput and reduces cost while maintaining reasonable sensitivity. Although this new genotoxicity assay requires validation with many more mutagens before becoming an established, regulatory decision‐making analysis tool, we believe that this method will be very advantageous if eventually added to the repertoire of those investigating MOAs of potentially genotoxic substances. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 52:153–160, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of electro‐Fenton application on azo dyes biodegradability
Authors: Elias B. , Guihard L. , Nicolas S. , Fourcade F. , Amrane A.
Published: May 2010

The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of combining an electro‐Fenton pre‐treatment and a biological treatment to remove azo dyes from aqueous effluents. The electro‐Fenton reaction was performed in a two‐compartment system involving a reference (saturated calomel electrode), a platinum anode and a graphite felt cathode. For the three considered dyes, high discoloration (in the range 77.1–97.8%) and low mineralization (in the range 7.7–18.8%) after 4‐h reaction were in favor of the hybrid process, which was confirmed during subsequent experiments with methyl red sodium salt (MRSS) as a model dye. When potential‐controlled electrolysis at −0.5 V/SCE was performed with a carbon‐felt cathode surface of 378 cm2 and a catalytic amount of ferric iron of 1 mmol L−1, less than 1‐h reaction was needed for an almost total discoloration (90.5%); while mineralization and oxidation remained low even after 48‐h reaction, 11.1 and 57.2%, respectively. High discoloration level concomitantly to low mineralization and oxidation for MRSS removal which were in favor of a hybrid process, confirmed by the decrease of the COD on DOC ratio (45.1%) and the increase of the average oxidation state AOS (2.1). Final BOD5 on COD ratio of 0.24 and an absence of toxicity of the treated solution (EC50 = 165%) also showed the positive impact of an electro‐Fenton pretreatment. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
A strategy for ranking environmentally occurring chemicals. Part III: Multivariate quantitative structure-activity relationships for halogenated aliphatics
Authors: Eriksson Lennart , Jonsson Jörgen , Hellberg Sven , Lindgren Fredrik , Skagerberg Bert , Sjöström Michael , Wold Svante , Berglind Rune
Published: May 2010

A strategy for systematic analysis and priority ranking of chemical compounds was applied to a class of 58 saturated halogenated aliphatics. By means of a fractional factorial design, a training set consisting of 10 compounds was selected. The training set compounds were subjected to biological testing and their acute oral toxicity to rat and highest nonlethal dose to mouse were determined. Based on the selected training set, two multivariate quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were developed. It was concluded that both end points needed a multivariate structural description to be modelled. The derived QSARs were used to predict the potential hazards of the remaining compounds in the class.
Effects of lead and pesticides on δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase of ring doves(Streptopelia risoria)
Authors: Scheuhammer A. M. , Wilson L. K.
Published: May 2010

The effects of lead (Pb2+) and various pesticides on δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-d) in avian blood, liver and kidney were studied. In blood, virtually all of the ALA-d activity was localized in the cellular fraction. Complete inhibition of RBC ALA-d occurred at an in vitro Pb2+ concentration of ∼10 μmol/g protein, with an IC50 of ∼0.9 μmol/g protein. Pesticides (carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dieldrin, fenitrothion, hexachlorobenzene) added to blood samples up to 10 mM in vitro had no inhibitory effect on ALA-d, nor did the presence of pesticides greatly modify the response of ALA-d to inhibition by increasing concentrations of Pb2+. Recovery of Pb-inactivated RBC ALA-d activity was accomplished by treatment of blood hemolysates with Zn2+ and an SH-reducing agent such as dithiothreitol (DTT). A combination of Zn2+ (4 mM) and DTT (120 mM) was required to achieve complete recovery of Pb-inhibited enzyme activity. Normal avian ALA-d activity was greatest in blood, followed by liver, then kidney. Unlike blood hemolysates, liver and kidney homogenates contained a fraction of ALA-d activity which was very resistant to inhibition by in vitro Pb2+. In vivo, hepatic ALA-d was unaffected by Pb exposure (2.5 μg Pb2+/g body weight injected intraperitoneally), but renal ALA-d was decreased as a result of greater deposition of Pb in kidney than in liver. Inhibition of ALA-d in avian blood, particularly when expressed as a ratio of fully restored:nonrestored activity (activity ratio), is a highly specific, sensitive indicator of Pb exposure, deposition and corresponding enzyme inhibition in other target organs (kidney).
Biotransformation activities of feral fish in waters receiving bleached pulp mill effluents
Authors: Lindström-Seppä Pirjo , Oikari Aimo
Published: May 2010

Perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) and bream (Abramis brama L.) were collected from an area in the southern part of Lake Saimaa (Finland), which is polluted by effluents from the pulp and paper industry, and compared to fish caught at several upstream locations in the same lake system. Livers were sampled in the field, and polysubstrate monooxygenase (PSMO) activities and other parameters of the microsomal cytochrome P-450 system, as well as conjugation enzymes, were later analyzed in the laboratory. The enzymes assayed included 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase, benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase, UDP-glucuronosyltrans-ferase and glutathione S-transferase. The influence of effluents discharged from the mill, which produces chlorine-bleached kraft pulp, was seen in each fish species as elevations of liver PSMO activities. The content of total glutathione was increased in fish collected from the most polluted areas, but the changes in conjugation enzymes were not as clearly related to the pollution gradient. These results were compared to analyses from several control areas located at various distances upstream from the industry investigated. To assess the possible influence of another pulp mill, Baikalsk Cellulose Combine, hepatic PSMO activities of Cottus kessleri and Paracottus kneri, two sculpins endemic to Lake Baikal (USSR), were also measured. In this case no effects were observed. In conclusion PSMO enzymes analyzed from stationary feral fish can serve as a tool for assessing and monitoring chemical contamination caused by pulp and paper mill effluents.
Performance analysis of best‐path selection scheme for multi‐hop amplify‐and‐forward relaying
Authors: Ikki Salama Said , Ahmed Mohammed Houssm
Published: May 2010

This letter derives closed‐form expressions for the error probability, capacity outage and channel capacity for the best‐path selection amplify‐and‐forward technique over non‐identical Rayleigh fading channels. In particular, this letter derives closed‐form expressions for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the probability density function (PDF) of the output signal‐to‐noise (SNR) at the destination. We use these statistics to obtain the expressions of the error probability, capacity outage and channel capacity. Furthermore, closed‐form expressions for some of the statistics of the output SNR such as the SNR moments and the amount of fading have been determined. Simulation results are used to verify the analytical results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.