bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicción del comportamiento de marcadores cardíacos por inteligencia artificial en pacientes hipertensos y diabéticos con síndrome coronario agudo
Authors: A Joison
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN: Estudios recientes han demostrado que la sensibilidad de los marcadores cardíacostroponinas y creatina quinasa depende de otras condiciones que presenten pacientes diabéticos e hipertensoscon síndrome coronario agudo.OBJETIVO: Utilizar un modelo predictivo del comportamiento de los marcadores cardíacos.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, aleatorio, retrospectivo y observacional enpacientes con diabetes (n = 76) e hipertensión (n = 22) con síndrome coronario agudo.RESULTADOS: la red de percepton mostró que n = 10, 12 y 10 (100%) de los pacientes con diabetes,Creatina Quinasa (CK-MB) (0,8 y 12 hs) mostró una predicción de valores ≤ 25 UI / L. Troponina (cTnI)n = 7 (77,8%), n = 7 (77,8%) y n = 5 (62,5%) de los pacientes en el grupo de prueba (0, 8 y 12 hs) seobservó una predicción de niveles ≤ 0,01 ng / ml. En los pacientes hipertensos los resultados obtenidos fueque n = 6, 5 y 5 (100%) de los pacientes CK-MB (0, 8 y 12 hs) mostró una predicción de una actividad ≤25 UI / L. cTnI mostró que n = 2 (50.0%), n = 2 (66.7%) y n = 3 (75.0%) de los pacientes (0, 8 y 12 hs)mostró una predicción de niveles ≤ 0,01 ng / ml.CONCLUSIONES: la sensibilidad y los valores plasmáticos de los marcadores cardíacos, se modifican almomento del diagnóstico de la enfermedad cardíaca en pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos.
What future for coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Lemma Massimo
Published: April 2022

The future of CABG can be bright if cardiac surgeons will change the
paradigm followed so far and will return in history, abandoning
the current comfortable life and accepting the burden represented by the
cost of innovation, which has a path already mapped out but not
sufficiently trodden for guilty lack of commitment.
Pulmonary Mucormycosis and Hydatid Cyst; a Case Report
Authors: Akbarieh Samira , Naghili Behrooz , Valizade Hamed , Beheshtirouy Samad , Sajedi Behnam , Haramshahi Morteza
Published: April 2022

The patient was a 52-year-old woman with approximately 6 years’ history
of uncontrolled diabetes mellites and hypothyroidism, who presented with
cough, sputum and dyspnea 2 months ago.
Constructing Single-atom Ni on N-doped Carbon Via Chelation-anchored Strategy for the Hydrogenolysis of Lignin
Authors: Tianjin Li , Bo Chen , Meifang Cao , Xinping Ouyang , Qiu Xueqing , Changzhi Li
Published: April 2022

The utilization of lignin remains a great challenge due to its complex
non-repetitive structure and the lack of efficient catalyst. Herein, a
single-atom catalyst Ni@N-C was designed via a facile chelation-anchored
strategy. Ni atoms were immobilized on the N-doped carbon carrier by a
two-stage pyrolysis of a mixture of D-glucosamine hydrochloride, nickel
acetate and melamine. D-glucosamine hydrochloride as a chelating agent
prevented the aggregation of Ni2+, and melamine provided enough N to
anchor Ni by forming Ni-N4 structure. Ni@N-C gave a 31.2% yield of
aromatic compounds from lignin hydrogenolysis, which was twice higher
than that achieved by Ni cluster catalyst. Based on the experimental and
DFT calculation results, the higher activity of Ni@N-C was attributed to
its lower H2 dissociation energy and the reduced energy barriers of the
transition states. The strategy described opens an efficient green
avenue for preparing single-atom catalyst that possesses outstanding
activity in lignin depolymerization.
Economies of scale and technical efficiency of smallholder pepper (capsicum species) production in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Alabi Olugbenga , Oladele Ayoola , Maharazu Ibrahim
Published: April 2022

This study examined the economies of scale and technical efficiency of
smallholder pepper (Capsicum species) production in Abuja, Nigeria. The
multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to obtain a total sample size of
100 smallholder pepper farmers. The primary sources of data were obtained
from pepper farmers through a well-structured and well-designed
questionnaire. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics,
gross margin model, financial analysis, stochastic production frontier
model, the elasticity of production, return to scale, and principal
component analysis. The results from the study showed that the mean age of
pepper farmers observed was 38.3 years. The average household size was 5
persons. The gross margin was N 167, 741.60 per hectare, the rate of returns
of the investment in pepper production amounted to 0.89, and the operating
ratio was 0.49. The gross margin ratio (GMR) was calculated to be 0.48, and
this implies that for every naira that is invested in smallholder pepper
production, 48 kobos would be used to cover profits, interest, expenses,
taxes, and depreciation. Labour input (P < 0.10), seed input (P < 0.01),
farm size (P < 0.01) were significant factors affecting output of
smallholder pepper production. The mean technical efficiency was 0.79,
leaving a gap of 0.21 for improvement. The returns to scale of 1.2363 imply
increasing returns to scale. The study recommends that measures should be
put in place to address the challenges of inadequate rainfall through proper
irrigation policies.
The nexus between agricultural loan access and farm income of small-scale cassava processors in Oyo state, Nigeria: An endogenous switching regression approach
Authors: Omodara Olabisi , Adetunji Oluwaseun , Oluwasola Oluwemimo
Published: April 2022

An agricultural loan is an essential tool for transforming commercial
agriculture into a profitable venture. In view of this, this study
investigated determinants of access to agricultural loans and the
profitability of small-scale cassava processing. It also tested whether
access to agricultural loans affected the net farm income of cassava
processors in Oyo State using budgetary analysis, endogenous switching
regression model (ESRM) and augmented inverse probability weighted
regression adjustment (AIPWRA) as a robustness check. A multistage random
sampling procedure was employed to gather information from 120 cassava
processors. The results revealed that female processors dominated cassava
processing, and processors had a mean age of 41.1?7.5 years. Only 23% of the
respondents had agricultural loan access, which was primarily sourced
informally. Budgetary analysis showed that processors earned an average net
farm income of N10,449.87 (US$29.03) in a production cycle. Endogenous
switching regression analysis revealed that married and educated cassava
processors that were socially inclusive and that had a large processing unit
and earned meagre off-farm income were more likely to access agricultural
loans. Furthermore, education (?=0.019, p<0.1), number of family members
working (?=0.241, p<0.01), processors? experience (?=0.028, p<0.05) and
enterprise size (?=0.001, p<0.01) influenced the net farm income of
processors that had access to agricultural loans. The treatment effect from
the AIPWRA result revealed that ATT and POM for cassava processing were 4.5%
and 37%, respectively. Business risks, small enterprise size and high
interest rate were the major constraints to agricultural loan access. From
the foregoing, a need for a technical support system among cassava
processors is inevitable. More so, cassava processors should be encouraged
to join trade associations, and young processors should be given priority in
credit initiatives for cassava processing.
Implications of Co-Working Experience Between Audit Partners
Authors: Huang Ting-Chiao , Chen Chen , Kaplan Steven E. , Lin Yi-Hung
Published: April 2022

This article summarizes a study by Huang, Chen, Kaplan, and Lin (2021) which examines whether increases in co-working experience between the lead and concurring audit partners affect engagement audit quality and audit efficiency. The study uses data from Taiwan, where the identities of lead and concurring audit partners are known, and where the role of the concurring partner is different than that of an engagement quality reviewer. This article describes the findings of Huang et al. (2021) and discusses the study's implications to audits in Taiwan and elsewhere which may be of interest to practitioners, regulators, and academics.
Client Acquisition Following an Auditor’s Unethical Behavior: An Examination of Reputational Consequences Following KPMG’s “Steal the Exam” Scandal
Authors: Hale Kevin , Truelson J. Mike
Published: April 2022

SYNOPSIS

We investigate the reputational effects of KPMG’s scandal involving the improper receipt of confidential regulator data by analyzing KPMG’s acquisition of new audit clients in the post-scandal period. While we find no evidence that KPMG had difficulty gaining clients relative to a broad class of other large auditors, we do find that KPMG’s acquisition rate decreased in the post-scandal period in comparison to other Big 4 audit firms but increased relative to large non-Big 4 auditors. This finding indicates a shift in KPMG’s position in the market for new clients. Our results suggest that a more nuanced examination of auditor reputational damages may help detect distinct effects between classes of audit firms. Importantly, our findings may be of interest to practitioners and researchers as they consider the consequences of a high-profile scandal on an audit firm’s reputation, even if the scandal does not appear to directly impact engagement-level audit quality.

Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the document.

JEL Classifications: M42; M48.
Exendin-(9-39) Effects on Glucose and Insulin in Children With Congenital Hyperinsulinism During Fasting and During a Meal and a Protein Challenge
Authors: Stefanovski Darko , Vajravelu Mary E. , Givler Stephanie , De León Diva D.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to assess whether exendin-(9-39) will increase fasting and postprandial plasma glucose and decrease the incidence of hypoglycemia in children with hyperinsulinism (HI).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was an open-label, four-period crossover study. In periods 1 and 2, the effect of three different dosing regimens of exendin-(9-39) (group 1, 0.28 mg/kg; group 2, 0.44 mg/kg; group 3, 0.6 mg/kg) versus vehicle on fasting glucose was assessed in 16 children with HI. In periods 3 and 4, a subset of eight subjects received either vehicle or exendin-(9-39) (0.6 mg/kg) during a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) and an oral protein tolerance test (OPTT).

RESULTS

Treatment group 2 showed 20% (P = 0.037) increase in the area under the curve (AUC) of fasting glucose. A significant increase in AUC of glucose was also observed during the MMTT and OPTT; treatment with exendin-(9-39) resulted in 28% (P ≤ 0.001) and 30% (P = 0.01) increase in AUC of glucose, respectively. Fasting AUC of insulin decreased by 57% (P = 0.009) in group 3. In contrast, AUC of insulin was unchanged during the MMTT and almost twofold higher (P = 0.004) during the OPTT with exendin-(9-39) treatment. In comparison with vehicle, infusion of exendin-(9-39) resulted in significant reduction in likelihood of hypoglycemia in group 2, by 76% (P = 0.009), and in group 3, by 84% (P = 0.014). Administration of exendin-(9-39) during the OPTT resulted in 82% (P = 0.007) reduction in the likelihood of hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS

These results support a therapeutic potential of exendin-(9-39) to prevent fasting and protein-induced hypoglycemia in children with HI.
Minor effect of patient education for alcohol cessation intervention on outcomes after acute fracture surgery: a randomized trial of 70 patients
Authors: Egholm Julie Weber Melchior , Pedersen Bolette , Oppedal Kristian , Madsen Bjørn Lindegård , Lauritzen Jes Bruun , Rasmussen Mette , Helander Anders , Adami Johanna , Tønnesen Hanne
Published: April 2022

Background and purpose: High alcohol intake is associated with increased risk of postoperative complications. Alcohol cessation intervention is recommended prior to elective surgery. We investigated short- and long-term effects of perioperative intensive alcohol intervention in relation to acute ankle fracture surgery.
Patients and methods: 70 patients requiring ankle fracture surgery and consuming ≥ 21 drinks weekly (1 drink = 12 g ethanol) were randomized to a manual-based 6-week intensive standardized alcohol cessation program, the Gold Standard Program (GSP-A), or treatment as usual (TAU), on the day of operation. GSP-A included 5 personal meetings, patient education, and motivational and pharmacological support (alcohol withdrawal prophylaxis, B vitamins, and low-dose disulfiram). Complications requiring treatmentwere measured after 6 weeks and 1 year. Alcohol intake was validated by biomarkers. Quality of life (QoL) was measured by the SF-36. Hospital costs were obtained from the National Hospital Costs Register.
Results: Postoperatively, complete alcohol cessation was higher in the GSP-A than in the TAU group (18/35 vs. 5/35, number needed to treat = 3, p ≤ 0.001), but not lowrisk consumption in the long term (10/35 vs. 7/33, p = 0.5). Number of complications in the short and long term (12/35 vs. 14/33, 16/35 vs. 18/33), the SF-36 score, or hospital costs in the short and long term (€6,294 vs. €8,024, €10,662 vs.€12,198), were similar between the groups.
Interpretation: Despite an effect on alcohol cessation and a positive tendency as regards the other outcomes, the postoperative complications, QoL, and costs were similar. Better perioperative strategies for acute surgical patients with high alcohol intake therefore need to be developed.
Efficacy and safety of rapid intermittent bolus compared with slow continuous infusion in patients with severe hypernatremia (SALSA II trial): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ryu Ji Young , Yoon Songuk , Lee Jeonghwan , Baek Sumin , Jo You Hwan , Ko Kwang-Pil , Sim Jin-ah , Han Junhee , Kim Sejoong , Baek Seon Ha
Published: April 2022

Background: Hypernatremia is a common electrolyte disorder in children and elderly people and has high short-term mortality. However, no high-quality studies have examined the correction rate of hypernatremia and the amount of fluid required for correction. Therefore, in this study, we will compare the efficacy and safety of rapid intermittent bolus (RIB) and slow continuous infusion (SCI) of electrolyte-free solution in hypernatremia treatment. Methods: This is a prospective, investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled study with two experimental groups. A total of 166 participants with severe hypernatremia will be enrolled and divided into two randomized groups; both the RIB and SCI groups will be managed with electrolyte-free water. We plan to infuse the same amount of fluid to both groups, for 1 hour in the RIB group and continuously in the SCI group. The primary outcome is a rapid decrease in serum sodium levels within 24 hours. The secondary outcomes will further compare the efficacy and safety of the two treatment protocols. Conclusion: This is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RIB correction compared with SCI in adult patients with severe hypernatremia.
Review on Reproductive Biology of Caster bean (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: Hussen Kedir Wulchafo
Published: April 2022

Castor belongs to the genus Ricinus, a member of the Euphorbiaceae, which contains a vast number of plants mostly native to the tropics. The genus Ricinus is considered to be monotypic and R. communis is the only species, which includes many polymorphic types. The cultivated types are dwarf annuals. Castor plants have well developed root system with thick horizontal roots. Tap root looks like extension of the stem below the soil. The stem is erect, circular in section, partially hollow, glabrous, and smooth with good branching. Stem is either red or green or with shades of both. The stem is marked by well-defined nodes from each of which a leaf is arises. The lower internodes are shorter and their length increases with height. Leaves are alternate, large, and palmate with 5-11 lobes acuminate margins notched, serrate or indented. They are carried on long stout petioles. The inflorescence is borne terminally on the main and lateral branches. Flowers are large, in terminal sub panicled racemes, monoecious, apetalous, the upper portion of the raceme being occupied by the female flowers and the lower by male flowers the whole inflorescence may reach a length of 90 cm. The flowers are wind and insect pollinated and from 5 to 46 % natural pollination occurred. The fruit is round glucose capsules with three projecting sides covered with tough spines or smooth, 3 loculed and three seeded. Seeds are albuminous, anatropous, broad, oval, compressed with a marked caruncle and longitudinal raphe. The testa is thin, brittle, varying in color and mottling. Below the testa are thin legmen, covering a whitish oily endosperm containing the embryo.
Shifts in Hydro Climatology of U.S. Croplands
Authors: Heidari Hadi
Published: April 2022

Changes in precipitation, temperature and water availability can significantly affect crop yields and hence food security at local and national scales. Despite the significant foreseen changes in hydroclimatology of croplands across the United States over the last decades, there are still lacking consistent information on how future hydroclimatic conditions of U.S. major croplands may change in response to climate change. This study investigates and quantifies shifts in hydroclimatology of five major crops including cotton, corn, soybean, sorghum, and wheat across the conterminous United States (CONUS). The results indicate that the direction and magnitude of hydroclimatic changes are highly variable across the climate projections. However, on average, hydroclimatic changes have a higher impact on sorghum and cotton, respectively. Understanding how croplands can be affected by climate change in the future can help decision-makers and water planners for the implementation and expansion of adaptive paths such as irrigation and conservation plans.
Evaluation of assisted natural regeneration and stored carbon in Prioria balsamifera (Vermoesen) Bretteler plots of the Luki Biosphere Reserve in Central Kongo, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Lubalega Tolerant
Published: April 2022

Extensive programs of enrichment through natural assisted regeneration were implemented between 1946 and 1959 by INEAC (Institute National pour étude Agronomique du Congo belge). He has conducted several studies for the implementation of silvicultural techniques in tropical environments, particularly in the Luki Biosphere Reserve (RBL) in the DRC. The Prioria balsamifera natural assisted regeneration (RNA) plots were part of the various silvicultural treatments implemented between 1956 and 1962 after clear-cutting. Five decades after their establishment, no evaluation has been undertaken. The objective of this study is to evaluate the natural assisted regeneration in the P. balsamifera plots and to account for the carbon sequestered in the P. balsamifera RNA after clear-cutting. The methodological approach to floristic, dendrometric and allometric inventories was used to determine the specific richness and diversity of the different study plots and to account for the carbon of the RNA biomass of the fifteen sampling plots of 0,25 ha each at three sites: Camp1; Camp2 and the RBL Post. The study revealed a higher density per hectare in the Camp1 plot, almost double the last two plots of the sampling. The density / ha varied between 380 to 980 stems / ha. The same trend was observed on the basal area (m2 / ha). This varied between 43 and 68 m2 / ha. The Shannon index used for the analysis of wealth and specific diversity varied between 0.8 and 1.6. The Camp1 plot showed little diversity compared to other plots of sampling. The mean téq CO2 / ha values in our fifteen sample plots (Camp1, amp2, RBL station) are estimated to be 1793.96 téq CO2 / ha, 985.28 teqCO2 / ha and 1305.8 téq CO2 / ha respectively for the three plots.
Talent Bank - An Innovative STEM Intervention to Develop the Next Generation of Life Science Talent in the South-West Region of Wales
Authors:   , Wilson-Smith Beverley
Published: April 2022

The rationale for the qualitative study was initiated from recommendations of the Life Science Skills for Life (2014) regional study, identifying the need for a talent pool to support the region’s life science sector. A literature review identified further research needs of experiential learning design in integrated STEM interventions, particularly in further education contexts. The study explores stakeholder perspectives from employers, educators and student participants aged 16-19 years. The study was conducted over three action cycles between 2014 and 2018 iteratively identifying the talent requirements, intervention design and implementation. The intervention utilised an experiential education pedagogy in the course design with a set of features including masterclasses, industry challenges, mentoring, company visits, work experience and a set of skills strands as the main experiential learning opportunities. The aim of Talent Bank was to increase student interest and awareness of the life science sector and its STEM career opportunities in the south west region of Wales. Five collection instruments were used to collect the data and thematic analysis revealed the following findings: The Talent Bank model raised awareness and understanding of the life science sector and its career opportunities; stakeholders from the life science ecosystem willingly supported the delivery of the programme to ensure a dynamic, relevant and authentic learning experience; most participants indicated they would consider future employment in the life sciences or STEM related sectors having improved their reflexive practice habits, skills and individual profiles; the action research identified the perceptions of three stakeholder groups that could influence curricula development practice. The Talent Bank model represents an approach to developing a pipeline of the next generation of talent to serve the evolving needs of the life science sector. The researcher developed her own professional practice and craft as an action researcher in the development of the Talent Bank model.
REMOTE CONFIRMATION OF IDENTITY TO PERFORM LEGALLY SIGNIFICANT ACTIONS IN PROCEDURAL RELATIONS
Authors: KHISAMOV A.Kh.
Published: April 2022

The article explores current conditions for ensuring the identification of the subjects of procedural relations in their application for judicial protection, participation in the consideration of the case, as well as trends to improve the system of identification confirmation of the persons concerned in order to comply with the procedural form and exclude the abuse of right in exercising the right to judicial protection. It was found that in modern conditions of expanding forms and methods of remote participation in court proceedings, there was a strong need to improve the process of identification of the subjects of civil proceedings by supplementing the existing system of authentication, which ensures the realization of the right to judicial protection and allows to identify remote identification with personal application for judicial protection to establish the real will of the subjects of procedural relations. At the same time, the author points out that the improvement of the system of confirmation of identity of the subjects of procedural relations does not involve the imposition of additional obligations on the court to establish the identity of the participants of the proceedings, but it should be implemented by software and hardware, identifying users of information systems of electronic document management participants of legal proceedings, including through biometric personal data. At the same time, there is a need to develop regulations for the activities of court employees when using information technology in order to implement the objectives of court proceedings in the current conditions of digitalization, excluding the manifestation of contempt of court as a form of abuse of procedural rights.
THE PRINCIPLE OF JUDICIAL PROTECTION AS A VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN RUSSIAN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS (part 1)
Authors: LEBEDEV M.Iu.
Published: April 2022

The present article examines the modern understanding of the principle of judicial protection in the framework of civil proceedings. To reveal the topic, the author offers a consistent study of such legal categories as: “court”, “judicial power”, “function of the court”, “justice”, “reconciliation” and “judicial protection”. The article is the beginning of such a study, where the first three categories are considered. Examining the legal category “court”, the author comes to the conclusion that the main task of the court, as a state body representing one of the branches of its power, is to achieve the maximum smoothing of conflicts that have arisen in society, which have turned into disputes, in order to protect the constitutional system of the country and maintain harmony in society. Further, the author, based on the positions of scientists and modern Russian legislation, comes to the author’s definition of the category “judicial power”, which, in his opinion, being one of the branches of state power, is carried out by a special state body (court) through the implementation of various functions within the framework of emerging procedural relations, having different tasks and, at the same time, aimed at achieving two goals – intermediate and final. Defining the “judicial function” as the activity of the court or other subjects of civil proceedings established within the framework of a particular task, aimed at achieving the goal of civil proceedings, the author identifies two main functions/tasks of the court – reconciliation and consideration and resolution of the case.
Nasionalisme Warga Muda Era Globalisasi: Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Perbatasan
Authors: Nurgiansah T Heru , Rachman Fazli
Published: April 2022

AbstractCitizenship Education as a curricular program was developed to form smart and good citizens. An indication of a good citizen is steadfastness and belief in a nation which can be seen from the attitude of nationalism and patriotism. This research aims to find out the attitude of nationalism of Indonesian citizens, especially the younger generation in the era of globalization. The research was conducted on the Temajuk Moon Camar, West Kalimantan border. The research method uses a qualitative case study design. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature. The research data sources consist of primary and secondary sources. The research data obtained were then analyzed using an interactive model. The results of the study show that young Indonesian citizens living on the border of the Temajuk Moon Camar, West Kalimantan, have a good attitude toward nationalism. This is evident from the behaviour of the people there, one of which is not willing to leave Indonesian citizenship status even though access to Malaysia is easier. Although the community feels various limitations and development gaps, the firmness and belief of the nation from a high attitude of nationalism.----------------AbstrakPendidikan Kewarganegaraan sebagai program kurikuler dikembangkan untuk membentuk warga negara yang cerdas (smart) dan baik (good). Indikasi warga negara yang baik adalah keteguhan dan keyakinan atas sebuah bangsa dan terlihat dari sikap nasionalisme dan patriotisme. Penelitian ditujukan untuk mengetahui sikap nasionalisme warga negara Indonesia, khususnya generasi muda di era globalisasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perbatasan Camar Bulan Temajuk, Kalimantan Barat. Metode penelitian menggunakan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan literatur. Sumber data penelitian terdiri dari, sumber primer dan sekunder. Data penelitian yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa warga negara muda Indonesia yang berada di perbatasan Camar Bulan Temajuk Kalimantan Barat memiliki sikap nasionalisme yang baik. Hal ini terbukti dari perilaku masyarakat disana, salah satunya tidak berkenan meninggalkan status kewarganegaraan Indonesia meskipun akses ke negara Malaysia lebih mudah. Walau masyarakat merasakan berbagai keterbatasan dan kesenjangan pembangunan, tetapi keteguhan dan keyakinan berbangsa dari sikap nasionalisme yang tinggi.
Diagnostic accuracy and reliability of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) provocation tests: a systematic review
Authors: Tuhi Rebecca
Published: April 2022

Provocation tests are routinely used in the diagnosis of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) injuries by medical practitioners including physiotherapists and hand therapists. The accuracy and reliability of these tests are essential to ensure a correct diagnosis of injury. Despite their extensive clinical use, the current evidence on these tests is limited. The purpose of this review was to evaluate studies that examined accuracy and reliability of provocation tests for TFCC injuries. A systematic search was undertaken across six databases. Studies were evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool, and the Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies (QAREL) scale. Reliability and diagnostic accuracy metrics including reliability, sensitivity specificity, likelihood ratios and predictive values were extracted. A total of 13 eligible studies were retrieved. Of this, five studies investigated reliability; this included three different provocation tests assessing both inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Eight studies investigated diagnostic accuracy, which included five different TFCC provocation tests. The majority of the diagnostic accuracy studies showed a lower risk of bias, and the reliability studies were of moderate to high quality. This review indicated that a small number of studies showed high reliability, which indicated consistency of the test both between different raters, and between the same rater at different times. However, reported estimates of accuracy indicated limited diagnostic utility. Only a few studies reached acceptable threshold values to determine its clinical usefulness, and there were large inconsistencies of findings between studies that investigated the same test. In this presentation, I will discuss the findings of this systematic review including the usefulness of individual provocation tests for the TFCC, the recommendations and application for clinical practise, and direction needed for future research.
Parental vaccine hesitancy among former refugees in New Zealand
Authors: Senbeta Debela Mulisa
Published: April 2022

Immunisation is one of the most effective public health measures to prevent and control infectious diseases. But for vaccinations to work, very high vaccine compliance is needed both amongst the general population and subgroups. Vaccine hesitancy (VH) — delay or refusal of vaccines — is an important factor underpinning low vaccination uptake around the world and in New Zealand (NZ). Previous VH studies have focused on the general population and evidence on subgroups, such as refugees, is limited. I have conducted a cross-sectional study among former refugee parents with a child under 16 years old. I used the Parental Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) questionnaire in four languages (English, Arabic, Somali and Oromo). The rate of VH and the association between VH and sociodemographic factors was examined. This presentation will report key findings of the study. Of 178 participants, 29 (16.3%) were vaccine hesitant. The greatest concerns about childhood vaccines were side effects, general safety and efficacy (vaccine might not work well). Three in four parents reported that their child(ren) had up-to-date vaccination status. Parents with lower educational achievement were more hesitant to vaccinate than those with higher educational achievement. Caregivers who used unofficial sources of vaccine information were more hesitant to vaccinate than those who used official sources of vaccine information. The rate of VH among former refugees was less than that of the host population, yet more refugee parents delayed and refused vaccines than the host population, which may be explained by issues with accessibility and understanding of the NZ health system. VH among former refugees is influenced by modifiable factors (education and source of information); therefore, health and vaccine literacy tailored to former refugee parents’ needs in a manner that addresses their concerns is required to reduce VH and improve uptake.
Parents’ and counsellors’ understanding of stress among youth of Indian descent in New Zealand
Authors: Bhatia Anjali
Published: April 2022

In New Zealand, youth of Indian descent are regarded as highly vulnerable to mental health issues and have, for example, reported a high prevalence of depression (Fortune et al., 2010). Experiences of stress/coping can be viewed as intertwined with the social, cultural, and familial contexts which shape them. Parents are one of the most important influences on youth in the Indian culture. Furthermore, there is a high degree of stigma against seeking professional help in Asian communities in New Zealand (Te Pou, 2010). There is little research investigating parents’ and counsellors’ experiences and understanding of stressors faced by youth. This study adopted a social constructionism theoretical framework, narrative methodology, and mediated dialogue method to explore the parents’ and counsellors’ understandings of the stress/coping experienced by the youth of Indian descent. Seven parents (3 pairs and 4 single) and three school-based counsellors were purposefully sampled. Semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted (via face-to-face and/or Zoom), audiotaped, and transcribed verbatim. This presentation will discuss various stressors faced by youth of Indian descent expressed by the participants included navigating cultural differences, identity crisis, peer pressure, social media, parental expectations, academic pressure, and stereotypes. The coping strategies adopted by the youth will be discussed according to the understanding of both parents and counsellors, such as aggression, sharing concerns with peers, and extra-curricular activities. Furthermore, the perspective of parents’ and counsellors’ regarding their role in helping the youth cope with stress will be discussed. Although there is a basic understanding of the stress faced by youth among the participants, more open communication and a collaborative approach are required to enhance the wellbeing of youth of Indian descent.
Making connections: vloggers in the age of social media
Authors: Wang Cindy
Published: April 2022

Social media has significantly changed our life and the increasing number of vlog sharing websites allow people to produce and share content. This research explores the question: ‘How do vloggers use content creation strategies to engage their audiences?’ Its purpose is to address the gap in the literature and explore the content creation strategies used in vlogs by examining PhD vlogs and interviewing PhD vloggers via three Chinese video-sharing platforms: Bilibili, Douyin and Ixigua. The study uses an interpretive framework and qualitative exploration to investigate social media content strategies. The researcher employs a qualitative content analysis to analyse 20 video samples of online PhD vlogs, and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 PhD vloggers about their vlogging experience. With the 20 video samples, the researcher used critical incident technique to select from a large data set, and videos were analysed using multimodal analysis. The subject in the thesis is Chinese PhD vloggers. They are not limited to students who are studying in China, but use their Chinese citizenship and native Mandarin language to express themselves in the platforms. This oral presentation focuses on the how Chinese PhD vloggers make connections through vlogs and build networks in the virtual community. Emotional change and interpersonal communication are important for vloggers. The results will contribute to further understanding of social media content strategies, visual and digital communication, user-generated online content and the relationship between content creators and followers.
Are muscle knots causing my hip tightness and weakness?
Authors: Carroll Marianne
Published: April 2022

In this presentation, I will present the role of trigger points (TrPs) in chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). Travell and Simons define a TrP as “a hyperirritable spot in skeletal muscle that is associated with a hypersensitive palpable nodule in a taut band” (Simons et al., 1999, p. 5). Active and latent TrPs are proposed to cause restricted range of movement (ROM) and muscle weakness. Simons and Travell pioneered TrP research with their publications of “The Trigger Point Manuals” (1983 & 1992); subsequently research into TrPs has informed knowledge of musculoskeletal disorders. The prevalence of TrPs in people with CNSLBP is high; especially in the gluteus medius (GMed) muscles. CNSLBP is a complex and costly condition; with which treatment is not always successful. In this population, decreased hip ROM and hip muscle weakness are common findings. This study investigated if the presence of active TrPs was associated with these deficits in the hips, when compared with participants with latent TrPs and zero TrPs. Forty-two participants with CNSLBP underwent hip passive ROM and hip muscle strength testing; with palpation of their GMed muscles to identify the presence and type of TrPs. Analysis showed varying results regarding hip ROM and TrP status. There was an association between hip strength and TrP status. Participants with zero TrPs were the strongest and those with TrPs were weaker. In general, those with latent TrPs were the weakest. This study adds knowledge to the role that TrPs play in muscle strength and the characteristics of TrPs. This is significant for the treatment of CNSLBP and the development of more effective treatment of this multi-factorial condition.
Relevance of supplementary fair value disclosures under market uncertainty: Effects on audit fees and investors’ pricing
Authors: Mehnaz Laura
Published: April 2022

Fair value (FV) means the market value of an asset, which can be observed directly (Level 1), or indirectly (Level 2). In some cases, the FVs are not observable in the market and managers of companies estimate the valuation internally using statistical models based on the best information available. These are known as Level 3 FV. The measurement uncertainty is the highest for Level 3 FVs as they rely on managerial discretion, creating concerns about their representational faithfulness and relevance among auditors and investors. This concern is likely to be heightened in the wake of market uncertainty during 2020 caused by the COVID pandemic. Regulators (e.g., ASIC) suggested that disclosing supplementary information (i.e., beyond the minimum required by regulation) on FV can help mitigate such concerns. In this study, I examine the relevance of supplementary disclosures intended to improve the representational faithfulness and relevance of Level 3 FV by investigating their impacts on audit fees and investors’ valuation in the uncertain market condition of 2020. My sample comprises Level 3 investment properties held by Australian real estate companies. I find that managers of real estate companies increased supplementary FV disclosures during 2020. I document a negative association between supplementary disclosures and audit fees, implying that disclosures reduce the audit risk effect by signalling higher transparency. However, I find no incremental impact of disclosures on audit fees during the pandemic. Additionally, I find that investors’ pricing of FV increased with the increase in disclosures during the market uncertainty of 2020, while in the pre-uncertainty period, their pricing influence was not significant. The findings of this study inform regulators and other financial reporting stakeholders about the role of supplementary FV disclosures in mitigating the perceived audit risk for auditors and the faithful representation concerns for investors in a distressed market environment.
Distributional issues in well-being: a case study of New Zealand
Authors: Jiang Yi
Published: April 2022

Well-being is now widely accepted as being multidimensional (OECD, 2017). New Zealand (NZ) Treasury mimics this notion and suggests that well-being indicates ‘quality of life’ and ways of facilitating individuals and society achieving a better life (McLeod, 2018). To achieve the goal of a ‘better life for all’, the NZ government has launched the first Well-being Budget worldwide in 2019 (Government of New Zealand, 2019). Still, there are some limitations in their framework. My research aims to address one of them; namely well-being inequality. By constructing a composite well-being index for a country that runs a Well-being Budget, this answers the following questions: i) which domains of well-being are most unequally distributed in NZ? ii) what are the determinants of well-being inequality? and iii) how does well-being inequality compare across gender, ethnicity, age, and geography in NZ? In this presentation, I will explain how Categorial Principal Component Analysis was used to construct NZ’s first multidimensional well-being index. Additionally, I will discuss the current well-being distribution findings. The data used comes from NZ's General Social Survey spanning the period 2014 to 2018 which includes 24,618 individuals across NZ. Both ordinal and nominal variables are included in the well-being index. To measure the inequality in well-being we deconstruct the multidimensional well-being index for various groups to determine the well-being distribution pattern in NZ. The preliminary results indicate that civic engagement and governance, and income explained the most variance; whereas cultural identity and social connection explained the least variance. In addition, females, Māori, immigrants, and those outside of the Auckland region experience greater well-being inequality than their counterparts. These results suggest that policymakers should focus on policies that could increase public trust in the government and institutions, increase employment opportunities, and provide social support for those unable to enter the employment sector as full-time employees.
Combining local and scientific knowledge in ecosystem based DRR in Sri Lanka.
Authors: Lansakara Ul Arachchige Damithri Jayasekara
Published: April 2022

In many countries ‘green’ ecosystem-oriented solutions are preferred for sustainable Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) over ‘grey’ infrastructure protective mechanisms. Sustainably managed ecosystems decrease disaster risks by mitigating the impacts of hazards and reducing community exposure.  The potential of ecosystems in DRR is increasingly recognized but still poorly understood and researched compared to dominant physical scientific and engineering approaches. Furthermore, a significant gap exists in terms of combining local/indigenous and scientific knowledge for ecosystem-based DRR. Local and indigenous knowledge for ecosystem-based DRR evolves from local communities’ experiences, local-based observations and inter-generational knowledge. Scientific knowledge for ecosystem-based DRR is based on scientific methods and principles, the detached deductive, observational, data analytical, and systems approach.  The two knowledge domains should be viewed as two halves of a more holistic approach to contribute towards sustainable ecosystem based-DRR. This research will adopt a case-study design in the Rathnapura District and Kolonnawa Divisional Secretariat Division of Sri Lanka. Primary data will be collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Secondary data will be collected through governmental agencies’ and departments’ databases. Research outcomes are expected to fill significant gaps in ecosystem-based DRR literature and contribute to the advancement of theoretical knowledge in DRR globally. In this presentation, I will talk about how disaster risk reduction has evolved, ecosystem-based approaches for disaster risk reduction, and integrating local knowledge and scientific knowledge for ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction. I will also take examples from disasters all over the world.
Comparative Analysis of Factors Affecting the Decisions of Producers to Have Soil Analysis in Edirne and Tekirdağ Provinces
Authors: AYDIN Başak , ÖZKAN Erol , KAYALI Emel , ATAV Volkan , GÜRBÜZ Mehmet Ali , KURŞUN İlker , KAYHAN İhsan Engin
Published: April 2022

The structural characteristics and the factors affecting the soil analysis decisions of the farmers in Edirne and Tekirdağ provinces were determined in this study. The factors affective on the soil analysis decisions of the farmers were analyzed by using logistic regression analysis and artificial neural networks and the comparison of the methods was done. In each province, 3 laboratories which had the most sample acceptance number for soil analysis were selected. The surveys were conducted with total of 60 farmers who referred to the laboratories and utilized from soil analysis subsidies and 40 farmers who did not utilize from soil analysis subsidies and had the similar characteristics with the farmers who utilized from soil analysis subsidies in each province and total of 200 farmers participated in the survey in 2019. The most significant factors on soil analysis decisions of the farmers were determined as total land size, age, agricultural experience, experience on taking soil sample, family size, education period and the activity type in each two methods. Total accurate classification ratio was found as 77% in logistic regression analysis and 80.67% in artificial neural network analysis. It was determined that the classification percentages obtained by two methods were pretty close to each other. The farmers who had low yield and low qualified crop due to not having soil analysis should be informed and necessary publication studies should be done.
Domateste (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Dışsal IAA Uygulamalarının Tuza Tolerans Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: HAVADAR Serpil , KUŞVURAN Şebnem , DAŞGAN Hayriye Yıldız
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada, domateste tuz stresine toleransın sağlanmasında indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) uygulamalarının etkinliği incelenmiştir. Çalışmada materyal olarak TOM-141 (tolerant) ve TOM-139 (hassas) genotipler ile AG5668 domates çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Stres bitkileri için, 3 gerçek yapraklı aşamada tuz (200 mM NaCl) stresine başlanmıştır. Kontrol bitkileri ise besin çözeltisi ile sulanmıştır. IAA uygulamalarında ise tuz stresi ile birlikte 0.05, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 ve 2.00 mM dozlarına yer verilmiş, haftada bir kez olmak üzere yapraktan spreyleme şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Tuz stresi domates genotiplerinde bitki büyüme parametreleri ile YOSİ, K ve Ca iyon konsantrasyonu, toplam klorofil ve karotenoid ve toplam flavanoid içeriğinde azalmaya neden olmuş; Na ve Cl iyon konsantrasyonu, MDA ve toplam fenolik madde içeriğinde ise artış meydana gelmiştir. Buna karşın, tuz stresi ile birlikte IAA uygulamalarında tuz stresine oranla ortalama olarak yaş ve kuru ağırlıkta %8-93; gövde boyunda ve çapında %7-65; yaprak sayısı ve alanında %22-329, YOSİ değerlerinde %18-30; K içeriğinde %12-34; Ca içeriğinde %9-37; toplam klorofil ve karotenoid içeriğinde %3-125; toplam fenolik madde ve flavanoid içeriğinde %7-107 oranlarında iyileşme sağlanmıştır. Bu değişim AG5668 domates çeşidinde %2-73; TOM-141 genotipinde %2-39 ve TOM-139 genotipinde ise %3-221 düzeyinde tuz stresi koşullarında iyileşme biçiminde kendini göstermiştir. IAA uygulaması ile genotipler düzeyinde Na, Cl ve MDA düzeyinde meydana gelen azalma AG5668’de %11-31, TOM141’de %12-21 ve TOM 139’da %16-35 düzeyinde gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, IAA uygulamalarının tuz stresinden kaynaklanan olumsuzlukları değişen oranlarda iyileştirdiği ve toleransı artırmada etkili olduğu, uygulamalar arasında bu olumlu etki açısından 0.25 mM ve 0.50 mM IAA uygulamalarının ön plan çıktığı belirlenmiştir.