bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-Rater Test-Retest Reliability of a Modified Child Functioning Module, Self-Report Version
Authors: Ng Kwok , Asunta Piritta , Leppä Niko , Rintala Pauli
Published: September 2020

Determining disability prevalence is a growing area for population statistics, especially among young adolescents. The Washington Group on Disability Statistics is one source of reporting disabilities through functional difficulties. Yet, young adolescents self-reporting through this measure is in its infancy. The purpose of this study was to carry out an intra-rater test-retest reliability study on a modified set of items for self-reporting functional difficulties. Young adolescents (N = 74; boys = 64%; age M = 13.7, SD = 1.8) with special educational needs in Finland completed a self-reported version of the Child Functioning Module in a supervised classroom. The second administration took place two weeks later. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kappa (k) statistics were used to test the reliability of the items, and interpretation took place through Landis and Koch, and Cohen, respectively. The majority of items had substantial or moderate agreement, although there was only fair agreement for self-care (ICC = 0.59), concentration (ICC = 0.50), and routine changes (ICC = 0.54). Kappa statistics of behavior control were interpreted to be large (k = 0.65), and seeing (k = 0.49), walking (k = 0.49), and speaking (k = 0.49) difficulties were moderate. The majority of the items in the self-reported version of the Child Functioning Module can be used in a scale format, although some caution may be required on items of self-care and concentration when used as a dichotomous variable.
Pseudomonas fluorescens: A Bioaugmentation Strategy for Oil-Contaminated and Nutrient-Poor Soil
Authors: Gutiérrez Eduardo Jahir , Abraham María del Rosario , Baltazar Juan Carlos , Vázquez Guadalupe , Delgadillo Eladio , Tirado David
Published: September 2020

Bioremediation technology is one of the most profitable and sustainable strategies for remediating soils contaminated with hydrocarbons. This study focuses on assessing the influence of biostimulation and bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas fluorescens to contribute to the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) of a soil. Laboratory studies were carried out (measurements of emitted CO2, surface tension, and residual TPH) to select the best bioaugmentation and biostimulation treatment. The sources of C, N, and P were glucose–yeast extract, NH4Cl–NaNO3, and K2HPO4–K3PO4, respectively. The effect of culture conditions on the reduction of TPH and respiratory activity was evaluated through a factorial design, 23, in a solid culture system. After 80 days of incubation, it was observed that treatments of yeast extract–NH4Cl–K2HPO4 (Y4) and glucose–NaNO3–K3PO4 (Y5) presented a higher level of TPH removal (20.91% and 20.00% degradation of TPH, respectively). Biostimulation favors the production of biosurfactants, indirectly measured by the change in surface tension in the soil extracts. The treatments Y4 and Y5 showed a lower change value of the surface tension (23.15 and 23.30 mN·m−1 at 25 °C). A positive correlation was determined between the change in surface tension and the removal of TPH; hence there was a contribution of the biosurfactants produced to the removal of hydrocarbons.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Confinement on the Habits of PA Practice According to Gender (Male/Female): Spanish Case
Authors: García-Tascón Marta , Sahelices-Pinto César , Mendaña-Cuervo Cristina , Magaz-González Ana María
Published: September 2020

The declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in drastic changes to life worldwide. In Spain, the state of alarm caused the confinement of 47 million inhabitants, affecting every aspect of life. This study analyzes the impact of such confinement on the health of men and women, as well as the effect on the practice of physical activity (PA) of both genders. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered. A total of 1046 people (48.57% men and 51.43% women) with an average age of 40 years (SD ± 13.35) participated in this study. For both genders, there was a significant decrease in quantity and intensity (p = 0.000). There was also an alteration in the type of PA practiced, shifting from cardiorespiratory exercise and muscular fitness to flexibility and neuromotor exercise (especially in women). The most popular way of practicing PA during the confinement was “autonomously” (statistically higher in men (M = 3.58) compared to women (M = 3.18)) and the most frequent format was “virtual” (statistically higher in women (M = 2.81) compared to men (M = 1.94)). Confinement modifies the habits of PA practice, especially in men. Both genders put their health and quality of life at risk by not following the PA guidelines of the health authorities World Health Organization (WHO) and American College of Sports Medicine ACSM). These conclusions highlight the importance of considering gender when designing programs and PA formats for the promotion of physical activity to reduce the existing gender divide.
Differences in Driving Intention Transitions Caused by Driver’s Emotion Evolutions
Authors: Liu Yaqi , Wang Xiaoyuan
Published: September 2020

Joining worldwide efforts to understand the relationship between driving emotion and behavior, the current study aimed at examining the influence of emotions on driving intention transition. In Study 1, taking a car-following scene as an example, we designed the driving experiments to obtain the driving data in drivers’ natural states, and a driving intention prediction model was constructed based on the HMM. Then, we analyzed the probability distribution and transition probability of driving intentions. In Study 2, we designed a series of emotion-induction experiments for eight typical driving emotions, and the drivers with induced emotion participated in the driving experiments similar to Study 1. Then, we obtained the driving data of the drivers in eight typical emotional states, and the driving intention prediction models adapted to the driver’s different emotional states were constructed based on the HMM severally. Finally, we analyzed the probabilistic differences of driving intention in divers’ natural states and different emotional states, and the findings showed the changing law of driving intention probability distribution and transfer probability caused by emotion evolution. The findings of this study can promote the development of driving behavior prediction technology and an active safety early warning system.
Sedentary Behaviors of a School Population in Brazil and Related Factors
Authors: Ponce-Blandón José Antonio , Deitos-Vasquez María Eduarda , Romero-Castillo Rocío , da Rosa-Viana Diogo , Robles-Romero José Miguel , Mendes-Lipinski Jussara
Published: September 2020

Background. Overweight and obesity arise from a complex range of genetic, environmental, behavioral, educational, and socioeconomic factors. The present study explored the sedentary practices and some life habits related to health among children from the school population of Uruguaiana (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to characterize the life habits of the school boys and girls from fourth grade (9–10 years old). Results: A total of 470 fourth-grade boys and girls (9–10 years old) participated in the study. As regards the variables linked to habits, 24% of the boys and girls answered they had not had breakfast the day they completed the questionnaire and 51.8% stated they did not have breakfast any given day of the week. Regarding sedentary habits, 25.3% of children watched TV or played video games five or more hours a day and 9% rarely played sports with their parents or caregivers. Statistical significance was recorded between “number of hours watching TV and playing video games” and “playing sports with parents or caregivers” (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Association between the times spent watching TV or playing video games and the practice of physical exercise in the family proves once again the importance of the family in education for the health of children. The school provides direct access to schoolchildren and their parents to launch numerous health education programs.
How Kinesin-1 Utilize the Energy of Nucleotide: The Conformational Changes and Mechanochemical Coupling in the Unidirectional Motion of Kinesin-1
Authors: Qin Jingyu , Zhang Hui , Geng Yizhao , Ji Qing
Published: September 2020

Kinesin-1 is a typical motile molecular motor and the founding member of the kinesin family. The most significant feature in the unidirectional motion of kinesin-1 is its processivity. To realize the fast and processive movement on the microtubule lattice, kinesin-1 efficiently transforms the chemical energy of nucleotide binding and hydrolysis to the energy of mechanical movement. The chemical and mechanical cycle of kinesin-1 are coupled to avoid futile nucleotide hydrolysis. In this paper, the research on the mechanical pathway of energy transition and the regulating mechanism of the mechanochemical cycle of kinesin-1 is reviewed.
Cognitive Training as a Potential Activator of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Burnyasheva Alena O. , Kozlova Tatiana A. , Stefanova Natalia A. , Kolosova Nataliya G. , Rudnitskaya Ekaterina A.
Published: September 2020

There is a growing body of evidence that interventions like cognitive training or exercises prior to the manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) symptoms may decelerate cognitive decline. Nonetheless, evidence of prevention or a delay of dementia is still insufficient. Using OXYS rats as a suitable model of sporadic AD and Wistar rats as a control, we examined effects of cognitive training in the Morris water maze on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in presymptomatic (young rats) and symptomatic (adult rats) periods of development of AD signs. Four weeks after the cognitive training, we immunohistochemically estimated densities of quiescent and amplifying neuronal progenitors, neuronal-lineage cells (neuroblasts and immature and mature neurons), and astrocytes in young and adult rats, and the amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-β in adult rats. Reference memory was defective in OXYS rats. The cognitive training did not affect neuronal-lineage cells’ density in either rat strain either at the young or adult age, but activated neuronal progenitors in young rats and increased astrocyte density and downregulated amyloid-β in adult OXYS rats. Thus, to activate adult neurogenesis, cognitive training should be started before first neurodegenerative changes, whereas cognitive training accompanying amyloid-β accumulation affects only astrocytic support.
The Effects of Asbestos Fibers on Human T Cells
Authors: Kumagai-Takei Naoko , Lee Suni , Srinivas Bandaru , Shimizu Yurika , Sada Nagisa , Yoshitome Kei , Ito Tatsuo , Nishimura Yasumitsu , Otsuki Takemi
Published: September 2020

Asbestos exposure causes malignant tumors such as lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. The effects of asbestos fibers on immunocompetent cells, however, have not been well studied. Asbestos physically comprises a fibrous substance, which differs from silica particles which are a particulate substance, although chemically it is a mineral silicate. Since silicosis patients previously exposed to silica particles often suffer from lung and autoimmune diseases, it is clear that silica exposure impairs immune tolerance. Similarly, asbestos may alter the immune system in asbestos-exposed individuals. Given that malignant tumors can result following exposure to asbestos, the attenuation of anti-tumor immunity in cases of asbestos exposure is an important area of investigation. We observed the effect of asbestos fibers on T lymphocytes, such as CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), CD4+ helper T (Th), and regulatory T (Treg) cells, and showed that anti-tumor immunity was attenuated, as demonstrated in a system that stimulates fresh cells isolated from peripheral blood in vitro and a system that is continuously exposed to a cell line. In this manuscript, we introduce the experiments and results of studies on CTLs, as well as Th and Treg cells, and discuss how future changes in immunocompetent cells induced by asbestos fibers can be clinically linked.
Proteomics Analysis of Plasma Membrane Fractions of the Root, Leaf, and Flower of Rice
Authors: Iwasaki Yukimoto , Itoh Takafumi , Hagi Yusuke , Matsuta Sakura , Nishiyama Aki , Chaya Genki , Kobayashi Yuki , Miura Kotaro , Komatsu Setsuko
Published: September 2020

The plasma membrane regulates biological processes such as ion transport, signal transduction, endocytosis, and cell differentiation/proliferation. To understand the functional characteristics and organ specificity of plasma membranes, plasma membrane protein fractions from rice root, etiolated leaf, green leaf, developing leaf sheath, and flower were analyzed by proteomics. Among the proteins identified, 511 were commonly accumulated in the five organs, whereas 270, 132, 359, 146, and 149 proteins were specifically accumulated in the root, etiolated leaf, green leaf, developing leaf sheath, and developing flower, respectively. The principle component analysis revealed that the functions of the plasma membrane in the root was different from those of green and etiolated leaves and that the plasma membrane protein composition of the leaf sheath was similar to that of the flower, but not that of the green leaf. Functional classification revealed that the root plasma membrane has more transport-related proteins than the leaf plasma membrane. Furthermore, the leaf sheath and flower plasma membranes were found to be richer in proteins involved in signaling and cell function than the green leaf plasma membrane. To validate the proteomics data, immunoblot analysis was carried out, focusing on four heterotrimeric G protein subunits, Gα, Gβ, Gγ1, and Gγ2. All subunits could be detected by both methods and, in particular, Gγ1 and Gγ2 required concentration by immunoprecipitation for mass spectrometry detection.
Cardioprotective Effect of Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
Authors: Gömöri Kamilla , Szabados Tamara , Kenyeres Éva , Pipis Judit , Földesi Imre , Siska Andrea , Dormán György , Ferdinandy Péter , Görbe Anikó , Bencsik Péter
Published: September 2020

Background: We recently developed novel matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibitor small molecules for cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury and validated their efficacy in ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiac myocytes. The aim of the present study was to test our lead compounds for cardioprotection in vivo in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the presence or absence of hypercholesterolemia, one of the major comorbidities affecting cardioprotection. Methods: Normocholesterolemic adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 30 min of coronary occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion to induce AMI. MMP inhibitors (MMPI)-1154 and -1260 at 0.3, 1, and 3 µmol/kg, MMPI-1248 at 1, 3, and 10 µmol/kg were administered at the 25th min of ischemia intravenously. In separate groups, hypercholesterolemia was induced by a 12-week diet (2% cholesterol, 0.25% cholic acid), then the rats were subjected to the same AMI protocol and single doses of the MMPIs that showed the most efficacy in normocholesterolemic animals were tested in the hypercholesterolemic animals. Infarct size/area at risk was assessed at the end of reperfusion in all groups by standard Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and myocardial microvascular obstruction (MVO) was determined by thioflavine-S staining. Results: MMPI-1154 at 1 µmol/kg, MMPI-1260 at 3 µmol/kg and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) as the positive control reduced infarct size significantly; however, this effect was not seen in hypercholesterolemic animals. MVO in hypercholesterolemic animals decreased by IPC only. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration that MMPI-1154 and MMPI-1260 showed a dose-dependent infarct size reduction in an in vivo rat AMI model; however, single doses that showed the most efficacy in normocholesterolemic animals were abolished by hypercholesterolemia. The further development of these promising cardioprotective MMPIs should be continued with different dose ranges in the study of hypercholesterolemia and other comorbidities.
“Betwixt Mine Eye and Heart a League Is Took”: The Progress of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Based Models of Dystrophin-Associated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rovina Davide , Castiglioni Elisa , Niro Francesco , Mallia Sara , Pompilio Giulio , Gowran Aoife
Published: September 2020

The ultimate goal of precision disease modeling is to artificially recreate the disease of affected people in a highly controllable and adaptable external environment. This field has rapidly advanced which is evident from the application of patient-specific pluripotent stem-cell-derived precision therapies in numerous clinical trials aimed at a diverse set of diseases such as macular degeneration, heart disease, spinal cord injury, graft-versus-host disease, and muscular dystrophy. Despite the existence of semi-adequate treatments for tempering skeletal muscle degeneration in dystrophic patients, nonischemic cardiomyopathy remains one of the primary causes of death. Therefore, cardiovascular cells derived from muscular dystrophy patients’ induced pluripotent stem cells are well suited to mimic dystrophin-associated cardiomyopathy and hold great promise for the development of future fully effective therapies. The purpose of this article is to convey the realities of employing precision disease models of dystrophin-associated cardiomyopathy. This is achieved by discussing, as suggested in the title echoing William Shakespeare’s words, the settlements (or “leagues”) made by researchers to manage the constraints (“betwixt mine eye and heart”) distancing them from achieving a perfect precision disease model.
Structure-Based Discovery of Novel Chemical Classes of Autotaxin Inhibitors
Authors: Magkrioti Christiana , Kaffe Eleanna , Stylianaki Elli-Anna , Sidahmet Camelia , Melagraki Georgia , Afantitis Antreas , Matralis Alexios N. , Aidinis Vassilis
Published: September 2020

Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted glycoprotein, widely present in biological fluids, largely responsible for extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production. LPA is a bioactive growth-factor-like lysophospholipid that exerts pleiotropic effects in almost all cell types, exerted through at least six G-protein-coupled receptors (LPAR1-6). Increased ATX expression has been detected in different chronic inflammatory diseases, while genetic or pharmacological studies have established ATX as a promising therapeutic target, exemplified by the ongoing phase III clinical trial for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this report, we employed an in silico drug discovery workflow, aiming at the identification of structurally novel series of ATX inhibitors that would be amenable to further optimization. Towards this end, a virtual screening protocol was applied involving the search into molecular databases for new small molecules potentially binding to ATX. The crystal structure of ATX in complex with a known inhibitor (HA-155) was used as a molecular model docking reference, yielding a priority list of 30 small molecule ATX inhibitors, validated by a well-established enzymatic assay of ATX activity. The two most potent, novel and structurally different compounds were further structurally optimized by deploying further in silico tools, resulting to the overall identification of six new ATX inhibitors that belong to distinct chemical classes than existing inhibitors, expanding the arsenal of chemical scaffolds and allowing further rational design.
Temperature Regulation of Primary and Secondary Seed Dormancy in Rosa canina L.: Findings from Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Pawłowski Tomasz A. , Bujarska-Borkowska Barbara , Suszka Jan , Tylkowski Tadeusz , Chmielarz Paweł , Klupczyńska Ewelina A. , Staszak Aleksandra M.
Published: September 2020

Temperature is a key environmental factor restricting seed germination. Rose (Rosa canina L.) seeds are characterized by physical/physiological dormancy, which is broken during warm, followed by cold stratification. Exposing pretreated seeds to 20 °C resulted in the induction of secondary dormancy. The aim of this study was to identify and functionally characterize the proteins associated with dormancy control of rose seeds. Proteins from primary dormant, after warm and cold stratification (nondormant), and secondary dormant seeds were analyzed using 2-D electrophoresis. Proteins that varied in abundance were identified by mass spectrometry. Results showed that cold stratifications affected the variability of the highest number of spots, and there were more common spots with secondary dormancy than with warm stratification. The increase of mitochondrial proteins and actin during dormancy breaking suggests changes in cell functioning and seed preparation to germination. Secondary dormant seeds were characterized by low levels of legumin, metabolic enzymes, and actin, suggesting the consumption of storage materials, a decrease in metabolic activity, and cell elongation. Breaking the dormancy of rose seeds increased the abundance of cellular and metabolic proteins that promote germination. Induction of secondary dormancy caused a decrease in these proteins and germination arrest.
The Biology of Casmara subagronoma (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), a Stem-Boring Moth of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae): Descriptions of the Previously Unknown Adult Female and Immature Stages, and Its Potential as a Biological Control Candidate
Authors: Wineriter-Wright Susan A. , Smith Melissa C. , Metz Mark A. , Makinson Jeffrey R. , Brown Bradley T. , Purcell Matthew F. , Barr Kane L. , Pratt Paul D.
Published: September 2020

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a perennial shrub native to Southeast Asia and is invasive in South Florida and Hawai’i, USA. During surveys of R. tomentosa in Hong Kong from 2013–2018 for potential biological control agents, we collected larvae of the stem borer, Casmara subagronoma. Larvae were shipped in stems to a USDA-ARS quarantine facility where they were reared and subjected to biology studies and preliminary host range examinations. Casmara subagronoma is the most recent Casmara species to be described from males collected in Vietnam and Indonesia. Because the original species description was based on only two male specimens, we also provide a detailed description of the female, egg, larva, and pupa. Finally, we conducted preliminary host range trials utilizing Myrtus communis, Myrcianthes fragrans, and Camellia sinensis. Casmara subagronoma emerged from M. fragrans, a Florida-native shrub, and larvae were able to survive in non-target stems for over a year (>400 days). Based on these findings and difficulty in rearing, we do not believe C. subagronoma is a suitable insect for biological control of R. tomentosa at this time, but may warrant further study. This investigation also illustrates the importance of host surveys for conservation and taxonomic purposes.
Simultaneous Synthesis and Nitrogen Doping of Free-Standing Graphene Applying Microwave Plasma
Authors: Tsyganov D. , Bundaleska N. , Henriques J. , Felizardo E. , Dias A. , Abrashev M. , Kissovski J. , Botelho do Rego A. M. , Ferraria A. M. , Tatarova E.
Published: September 2020

An experimental and theoretical investigation on microwave plasma-based synthesis of free-standing N-graphene, i.e., nitrogen-doped graphene, was further extended using ethanol and nitrogen gas as precursors. The in situ assembly of N-graphene is a single-step method, based on the introduction of N-containing precursor together with carbon precursor in the reactive microwave plasma environment at atmospheric pressure conditions. A previously developed theoretical model was updated to account for the new reactor geometry and the nitrogen precursor employed. The theoretical predictions of the model are in good agreement with all experimental data and assist in deeper understanding of the complicated physical and chemical process in microwave plasma. Optical Emission Spectroscopy was used to detect the emission of plasma-generated ‘‘building units’’ and to determine the gas temperature. The outlet gas was analyzed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to detect the generated gaseous by-products. The synthesized N-graphene was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies.
Collagen Based Materials in Cosmetic Applications: A Review
Authors: Sionkowska Alina , Adamiak Katarzyna , Musiał Katarzyna , Gadomska Magdalena
Published: September 2020

This review provides a report on properties and recent advances in the application of collagen in cosmetics. Collagen is a structural protein found in animal organisms where it provides for the fundamental structural support. Most commonly it is extracted from mammalian and fish skin. Collagen has attracted significant academic interest as well as the attention of the cosmetic industry due to its interesting properties that include being a natural humectant and moisturizer for the skin. This review paper covers the biosynthesis of collagen, the sources of collagen used in the cosmetic industry, and the role played by this protein in cosmetics. Future aspects regarding applications of collagen-based materials in cosmetics have also been mentioned.
Bond Strength and Flexural Capacity of Normal Concrete Beams Strengthened with No-Slump High-Strength, High-Ductility Concrete
Authors: Yuan Tian-Feng , Hong Se-Hee , Shin Hyun-Oh , Yoon Young-Soo
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the flexural behavior of normal-strength concrete (NSC) beams that were strengthened with no-slump, high-strength, high-ductility concrete (NSHSDC). A set of slant shear tests was performed to investigate the initial performance of the NSC substrate strengthened with NSHSDC. Slant shear tests considered two types of roughness of interface and five angles of the interface between NSC and NSHSDC. The test results showed that except for specimens with a 75° interface angle, the specimens with high roughness were conformed to the properties (14–21 MPa for 28 days) of the ACI Committee 546 recommendation. For flexural strength tests, NSC beams strengthened with an NSHSDC jacket on the top and bottom sides, three sides, and four sides resulted in strength increments of about 8%, 29%, and 40%, respectively, compared to the beams without NSHSDC jacket. Therefore, the use of NSHSDC is an effective method to improve the performance of NSC beams and is recommended for strengthening reinforced concrete members.
Ultraviolet Lithography-Based Ceramic Manufacturing (UV-LCM) of the Aluminum Nitride (AlN)-Based Photocurable Dispersions
Authors: Ożóg Paulina , Rutkowski Paweł , Kata Dariusz , Graule Thomas
Published: September 2020

In this work, three-dimensional (3D) shaping of aluminum nitride (AlN) UV-curable dispersions using CeraFab 7500 device equipped with the light engine emitting 365 nm wavelength (a UV-LCM device) is presented. The purpose of this study was the shaping of AlN pieces with microchannels for the future potential use as microchannel heat exchangers. The dispersions were characterized by the means of the particle size distribution, rheological measurements, and the cure depth evaluation. In shaping via UV-LCM, we applied dispersions containing 40 vol % solid load and different types of photoinitiators and their concentrations, as well as different settings of the printing parameters. Cuboidal plates with channels and cylindrical 3D structures were fabricated, debound, and sintered. For comparing ceramics properties, reference samples were prepared via uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing, using the same powder mixture as in the dispersions, and later sintered. The thermal conductivity of the sintered specimens was calculated, based on density and thermal diffusivity measurements.
Vibration Analysis of Carbon Fiber-Graphene-Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composites Using Finite Element Techniques
Authors: Georgantzinos Stelios K. , Giannopoulos Georgios I. , Markolefas Stylianos I.
Published: September 2020

In this study, a computational procedure for the investigation of the vibration behavior of laminated composite structures, including graphene inclusions in the matrix, is developed. Concerning the size-dependent behavior of graphene, its mechanical properties are derived using nanoscopic empiric equations. Using the appropriate Halpin-Tsai models, the equivalent elastic constants of the graphene reinforced matrix are obtained. Then, the orthotropic mechanical properties of a composite lamina of carbon fibers and hybrid matrix can be evaluated. Considering a specific stacking sequence and various geometric configurations, carbon fiber-graphene-reinforced hybrid composite plates are modeled using conventional finite element techniques. Applying simply support or clamped boundary conditions, the vibrational behavior of the composite structures are finally extracted. Specifically, the modes of vibration for every configuration are derived, as well as the effect of graphene inclusions in the natural frequencies, is calculated. The higher the volume fraction of graphene in the matrix, the higher the natural frequency for every mode. Comparisons with other methods, where it is possible, are performed for the validation of the proposed method.
On the Development of a Technical Specification for the Use of Fine Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste in Concrete Production
Authors: Bravo Miguel , Duarte António P. C. , de Brito Jorge , Evangelista Luis , Pedro Diogo
Published: September 2020

The possibility of using recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste (CDW) in concrete is rather widely agreed upon when it comes to the use of coarse recycled aggregates. However, this is not the case when fine recycled aggregates (FRA) are considered, as it is deemed that these seriously impair the behaviour of concrete. Hence, this work presents a technical specification proposal for the use of FRA from CDW in concrete, to attempt to fill this gap in legislation. The specification is based on a wide collection of experimental results, from which it is shown that for low incorporation ratios (up to 25%), the properties of concrete with FRA from CDW are comparable to those of a reference concrete. The intended international scope of the specification is ensured by the fact that FRA from CDW are typified by composition (percentage of concrete, masonry, glass, etc.) rather than by geographical origin or construction type. It is shown that, after typifying the FRA and assuming, as per design, the acceptable percentage losses (relative to a reference concrete) of mechanical, durability-related and long-term physical properties, if the maximum incorporation ratios proposed of each type of FRA are used, the variation of properties remains within the limits established.
Joint- or Crack-Opening Resistance Evaluation of Waterproofing Material and System for Structural Sustainability in Railroad Bridge Deck
Authors: Oh Kyu-Hwan , Kim Soo-Yeon , Park Yong-Gul
Published: September 2020

A joint- or crack-opening resistance evaluation method for the selection of optimal waterproofing material for a railroad bridge deck is proposed. The joint opening range (mm) for the evaluation, and a typical load case of a high-speed double-track railroad bridge structure deck, is analyzed through the finite element method (FEM) and the results of analysis are used to calculate the minimum opening range. The evaluation method is then demonstrated with 4 commonly used waterproofing types of cementitious membrane system: a polyurethane coating system, self-adhesive asphalt sheet system and synthetic polymerized rubber gel composite asphalt sheet system. Five specimens of each type are subjected to continuous joint opening under 4 different joint width range conditions (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 mm), and the joint-opening resistance performance is compared. The proposal for the evaluation criteria and the specimen test results demonstrate how the evaluation method is pertinent for future selection of waterproofing membranes for the sustainability of high-speed railroad bridge deck structures.
Generating Input Data for Microstructure Modelling: A Deep Learning Approach Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Pütz Felix , Henrich Manuel , Fehlemann Niklas , Roth Andreas , Münstermann Sebastian
Published: September 2020

For the generation of representative volume elements a statistical description of the relevant parameters is necessary. These parameters usually describe the geometric structure of a single grain. Commonly, parameters like area, aspect ratio, and slope of the grain axis relative to the rolling direction are applied. However, usually simple distribution functions like log normal or gamma distribution are used. Yet, these do not take the interdependencies between the microstructural parameters into account. To fully describe any metallic microstructure though, these interdependencies between the singular parameters need to be accounted for. To accomplish this representation, a machine learning approach was applied in this study. By implementing a Wasserstein generative adversarial network, the distribution, as well as the interdependencies could accurately be described. A validation scheme was applied to verify the excellent match between microstructure input data and synthetically generated output data.
An Integration of a Peristaltic Pump-Based Extruder into a 3D Bioprinter Dedicated to Hydrogels
Authors: Bociaga Dorota , Bartniak Mateusz , Sobczak Krzysztof , Rosinska Karolina
Published: September 2020

The 3D printing technologies used for medical applications are mostly based on paste extruders. These are designed for high capacity, and thus often feature large material reservoirs and large diameter nozzles. A major challenge for most 3D printing platforms is a compromise between speed, accuracy, and/or volume/mass of moving elements. To address these issues, we integrated a peristaltic pump into a bioprinter. That allowed for combining the most important requirements: high precision, a large material reservoir, and safety of biological material. The system of a fully heated nozzle and a cooled print bed were developed to maintain the optimal hydrogel temperature and crosslinking speed. Our modifications of the bioprinter design improved the mechanical properties of the printouts and their accuracy while maintaining the maximal survival rate of cells and increasing the capacity of the bioink reservoir.
Strength Characteristics of Controlled Low-Strength Materials with Waste Paper Sludge Ash (WPSA) for Prevention of Sewage Pipe Damage
Authors: Park Jeongjun , Hong Gigwon
Published: September 2020

In this study, the effects of the mixing conditions of waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) on the strength and bearing capacity of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) were evaluated, and the optimal mixing conditions were used to evaluate the strength characteristics of CLSM with recyclable WPSA. The strength and bearing capacity of CLSM with WPSA were evaluated using unconfined compressive strength tests and plate bearing tests, respectively. The unconfined compressive strength test results show that the optimal mixing conditions for securing 0.8–1.2 MPa of target strength under 5% of cement content conditions can be obtained when both WPSA and fly ash are used. This is because WPSA and fly ash, which act as binders, have a significant impact on overall strength when the cement content is low. The bearing capacity of weathered soil increased from 550 to 575 kPa over time, and CLSM with WPSA increased significantly, from 560 to 730 kPa. This means that the bearing capacity of CLSM with WPSA was 2.0% higher than that of weathered soil immediately after construction; furthermore, it was 27% higher at 60 days of age. In addition, the allowable bearing capacity of CLSM corresponding to the optimal mixing conditions was evaluated, and it was found that this value increased by 30.4% until 60 days of age. This increase rate was 6.7 times larger than that of weathered soil (4.5%). Therefore, based on the allowable bearing capacity calculation results, CLSM with WPSA was applied as a sewage pipe backfill material. It was found that CLSM with WPSA performed better as backfill and was more stable than soil immediately after construction. The results of this study confirm that CLSM with WPSA can be utilized as sewage pipe backfill material.
Green Wastes Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Okpara Enyioma C. , Fayemi Omolola E. , Sherif El-Sayed M. , Junaedi Harri , Ebenso Eno E.
Published: September 2020

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared using a simple green synthesis approach in an alkaline medium, from three different extracts of citrus peels waste. The synthesized nano-crystalline materials were characterized by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-vis analysis of the nanoparticles showed broad peaks around 360 nm for the ZnO NPs (Zinc oxide nanoparticles) from three citrus peels’ extracts. ZnO NPs exhibited Zn–O band close to 553 cm−1, which further verified the formation of the ZnO NPs. A bandgap of 3.26 eV, 3.20 eV and 3.30 eV was calculated for the ZnO NPs from grape (ZnO NPs/GPE), lemon (ZnO NPs/LPE), and orange (ZnO NPs/OPE) peels extract, respectively. The average grain sizes of the ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated to be 30.28 nm, 21.98 nm, and 18.49 nm for grape (ZnO NPs/GPE), lemon (ZnO NPs/LPE), and orange (ZnO NPs/OPE) peel extract, respectively. The surface morphology and sizes of the nanoparticle were confirmed by ESEM and TEM analysis, respectively. Furthermore, the zeta potential of the as-prepared ZnO NPs from OPE, LPE, and GPE was −34.2 mV, −38.8 mV, and −42.9 mV, respectively, indicating the high stability of the nanoparticles. Cyclic voltammetric properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated across extracts, and the results showed that the citrus peels extracts (CPE) mediated ZnO NPs modified screen plate carbon (SPC/ ZnO NPs/CPE) electrodes exhibited enhanced catalytic properties when compared with the bare SPCE. The electroactive areas computed from the enhancement of the bare SPCE was approximately three times for SPCE/ ZnO NPs/LPE, and SPCE/ZnO NPs/GPE, and two times for SPCE/ZnO NPs/OPE, higher than that of the bare SPCE. Comparison across the extracts suggested that the catalytic properties of the nanoparticles were unique in ZnO NPs from GPE.
Editorial for the Special Issue on Optofluidic Devices and Applications
Authors: Yubero Francisco , Lahoz Fernando
Published: September 2020

Optofluidic devices are of high scientific and industrial interest in chemistry, biology, material science, pharmacy, and medicine [...]
Influence of Culture Conditions and Medium Compositions on the Production of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances by Lactococcus lactis Gh1
Authors: Jawan Roslina , Abbasiliasi Sahar , Tan Joo Shun , Mustafa Shuhaimi , Halim Murni , Ariff Arbakariya B.
Published: September 2020

Antibacterial peptides or bacteriocins produced by many strains of lactic acid bacteria have been used as food preservatives for many years without any known adverse effects. Bacteriocin titres can be modified by altering the physiological and nutritional factors of the producing bacterium to improve the production in terms of yield and productivity. The effects of culture conditions (initial pH, inoculum age and inoculum size) and medium compositions (organic and inorganic nitrogen sources; carbon sources) were assessed for the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) by Lactococcus lactis Gh1 in shake flask cultures. An inoculum of the mid-exponential phase culture at 1% (v/v) was the optimal age and size, while initial pH of culture media at alkaline and acidic state did not show a significant impact on BLIS secretion. Organic nitrogen sources were more favourable for BLIS production compared to inorganic sources. Production of BLIS by L. lactis Gh1 in soytone was 1.28-times higher as compared to that of organic nitrogen sources ((NH4)2SO4). The highest cell concentration (XmX = 0.69 ± 0.026 g·L−1) and specific growth rate (μmax = 0.14 h−1) were also observed in cultivation using soytone. By replacing carbon sources with fructose, BLIS production was increased up to 34.94% compared to BHI medium, which gave the biomass cell concentration and specific growth rate of 0.66 ± 0.002 g·L−1 and 0.11 h−1, respectively. It can be concluded that the fermentation factors have pronounced influences on the growth of L. lactis Gh1 and BLIS production. Results from this study could be used for subsequent application in process design and optimisation for improving BLIS production by L. lactis Gh1 at larger scale.
Association of Serum Fatty Acids at Admission with the Age of Onset of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Mori Takahisa , Yoshioka Kazuhiro , Tanno Yuhei , Kasakura Shigen
Published: September 2020

Dietary triglycerides influence the serum concentrations of fatty acids (FA) and their weight percentages (wt%), which might be associated with the age of onset of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated the correlation between serum FA levels and proportions at admission, and the age at onset of ICH. We included patients admitted between 2016 and 2019 within 24 h of the onset of ICH, and calculated the correlation coefficients between their age, serum FA concentration, and FA wt%. We performed multiple linear regression analysis to identify individual FAs related to the age at onset of ICH. Furthermore, we estimated the threshold values of FAs that were independently associated with the age at onset of ICH <65 years, using receiver operating characteristic curves by logistic regression. Our inclusion criteria were met by 141 patients (mean age, 67 years). The concentration of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and the wt% of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were significant independent variables for the age at onset of ICH. The ROC curves for the age of onset <65 years were ≥108.6 µmol/L for DGLA and ≤1.7% for EPA. Increased DGLA concentration and decreased EPA wt% were significantly associated with young-onset ICH.
Dietary Fibres and the Management of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: The RESOLVE Study
Authors: Tremblay Angelo , Clinchamps Maëlys , Pereira Bruno , Courteix Daniel , Lesourd Bruno , Chapier Robert , Obert Philippe , Vinet Agnes , Walther Guillaume , Chaplais Elodie , Bagheri Reza , Baker Julien S. , Thivel David , Drapeau Vicky , Dutheil Frédéric
Published: September 2020

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the long-term maintenance of nutritional changes promoted during an intensive initial intervention to induce body weight loss. The ability of these changes to predict long-term health outcomes was also examined. Methods: Nutritional variables, body composition, and metabolic markers collected in the RESOLVE project were analyzed before and after a 3-week intensive diet–exercise intervention (Phase 1), and during a subsequent supervision under free living conditions, of 12 months (Phase 2). Results: As expected, the macronutrient composition of the diet was modified to promote a negative energy balance during Phase 1. The decrease in carbohydrates imposed during this phase was maintained during Phase 2 whereas the increase in protein intake returned to baseline values at the end of the program. Dietary fiber intake was almost doubled during Phase 1 and remained significantly greater than baseline values throughout Phase 2. Moreover, fiber intake was the only nutritional variable that systematically and significantly predicted variations of health outcomes in the study. Conclusion: The adequacy of dietary fiber intake should be a matter of primary consideration in diet-based weight reduction programs.
Histological Effects of Intravitreal Injection of Antifungal Agents in New Zealand White Rabbits: An Electron Microscopic and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Karachrysafi Sofia , Sioga Antonia , Komnenou Anastasia , Karamitsos Athanasios , Xioteli Maria , Dori Ioanna , Delis Georgios , Kofidou Evangelia , Anastasiadou Penelope , Sotiriou Sotiris , Karampatakis Vasileios , Papamitsou Theodora
Published: September 2020

Fungal endophthalmitis is a serious and vision-threatening infection which requires an immediate and effective treatment approach. Our research aims to elucidate the histological effects of the intravitreal injection of the maximum safe dosage of voriconazole and micafungin on retina. Six albino New Zealand White Rabbits were used. In experimental animals, a solution of voriconazole (Group V) or micafungin (Group M) was intravitreally injected in the right eye, while in control animals, balanced salt solution was intravitreally injected in the left eye (Group C). Euthanasia was performed ten days post injection and the retina was removed and prepared for histological examination with a light and electron microscope. Eosin-hematoxylin staining did not reveal any pathological changes in any of the samples examined. The immunohistochemical staining for Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-a) marker was detected as negative in all samples, while Interleukin 6 (IL-6) marker was detected as mild only in the group injected with voriconazole. Electron microscopy revealed several ultrastructural alterations in retinal layers in both groups of experimental animals. Histological retinal lesions, revealed with electron microscopy in the present investigation, raises the question of the safe usage of these antifungal agents in the treatment of fungal intraocular infections in the future.
Albertus Magnus and Rational Astrology
Authors: Hendrix Scott E.
Published: September 2020

All too commonly scholars take a piecemeal approach toward the work of medieval intellectuals such as Albert the Great (d. 1280), with a view to understanding singly his contributions to the history of science, various philosophical approaches, or theology, as if his mind was somehow compartmentalized. Furthermore, in spite of great advances in studying the history of occult subjects, modern writers sometimes still lapse into writing about medieval astrology as a superstition. This study suggests that we should consider medieval intellectual thought holistically, as a product of a different rationality than that which is dominant today. In order to illustrate this approach, I examine astrological belief within Albert’s thought as rational and consider some of the theological reasons why Albert was fascinated with this topic.