bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of surfactant concentration on nanoparticles surface wettability during wettability alteration of oil-wet carbonate rock
Authors: Mat Latif Wan Mohd Shaharizuan , Musa M. S. M. , Balakirisnan A.S.M. , Sulaiman W. R. W.
Published: June 2021

Previous studies reported that the presence of surfactant increases nanoparticles surface wettability by in-situ surface activation. On the other hand, the excess of surfactant concentration has an inverse effect on particle hydrophobicity by altering it to be hydrophilic back. Hence, this study presents an experimental investigation of wettability alteration by using a surfactant-nanoparticles system by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant, and hydrophilic silicon dioxide (SiO2) and partially hydrophobic silicon dioxide (PH SiO2) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles surface wettability and the wettability alteration of oil-wet carbonate rock were measured by using the contact angle method. The result shows that the contact angle of the oil-wet carbonate rock was most reduced by using CTAB-hydrophilic SiO2, from 112.00o to 28.35o. The excess of surfactant concentration (beyond CMC) shows an inverse effect on particle surface wettability, however, induces the water-wetness of the carbonate rock. Besides, the hydrophilic SiO2 shows a more effective effect as a wettability modifier than the PH SiO2, in the absence and presence of CTAB or SDS surfactant.
Brain Morphological Changes in COVID-19
Authors: Babkina Anastasia S. , Golubev Arkady M. , Ostrova Irina V. , Volkov Alexei V. , Kuzovlev Artem N.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to identify the pathomorphology of brain damage in patients who died of COVID-19.

Material and methods. Autopsy reports and autopsy brain material of 17 deceased patients with pre-mortem confirmed COVID-19 infection were analyzed. Fatal cases in which COVID19 was the major cause of death were included in the study. Five people were diagnosed with cerebral infarction. Organ samples were taken for histological examination during autopsy. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by Nissl to assess brain histopathology. To study the vascular basal membranes the PAS reaction was used, to detect fibrin in vessels phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) staining was used, to determine DNA in nuclei sections were stained according to Feulgen, to detect RNA in neuronal nuclei and cytoplasm sections were stained with methyl green-pyronin. Immunohistochemical study of a neuronal marker, nuclear protein NeuN, was performed to assess neuronal damage.

Results. The signs of neuronal damage found in patients who died of COVID-19 included nonspecific changes of nerve cells (acute swelling, retrograde degeneration, karyolysis and cytolysis, ‘ghost' cells, neuronophagia and satellitosis) and signs of circulatory disorders (perivascular and pericellular edema, diapedesis, congested and engorged microvasculature).

Conclusion. Brain histopathological data indicate damage to the central nervous system in COVID-19 patients. Ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 is mostly caused by a combination of hypoxia resulting from respiratory failure and individual risk factors, including cerebrovascular atherosclerosis and hypertension.
Biomarkers of Air-Blood Barrier Damage In COVID-19
Authors: Khadzhieva M. B. , Gracheva A. S. , Ershov A. V. , Chursinova Yu. V. , Stepanov V. A. , Avdeikina L. S. , Grebenchikov O. A. , Babkina A. S. , Shabanov A. K. , Tutelyan A. V. , Petrikov S. S. , Kuzovlev A. N.
Published: June 2021

The search for sensitive and specific markers enabling timely identification of patients with a life-threatening novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is important for a successful treatment.

The aim of the study was to examine the association of molecular biomarkers of air-blood barrier damage, surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D and Club cell protein CC16, with the outcome of patients with COVID-19.

Materials and methods. A cohort of 109 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 was retrospectively divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised survivor patients discharged from the ICU (w=90). Group 2 included the patients who did not survive (w=19). Association of disease outcome and SP-A, SP-D, and CC16 levels in blood serum, clinical, and laboratory data were examined taking into account the day of illness at the time of biomaterial collection.

Results. The non-survivors had higher SP-A (from days 1 to 10 of symptoms onset) and lower CC16 (from days 11 to 20 of symptoms onset) levels vs survivors discharged from ICU. No significant differences in SP-D levels between the groups were found.

Conclusion. According to the study results, the surfactant protein SP-A and Club cell protein CC16 are associated with increased COVID-19 mortality.
Municipal solid waste management: A review of waste to energy (WtE) approaches
Authors: Ram Chhotu , Kumar Amit , Rani Pushpa
Published: June 2021

Global municipal solid waste (MSW) generation will increase to 2.2 billion tons per year by 2025 as per the World Bank projection. Improper waste management often leads to environmental degradation (i.e. water, air and soil pollution), transmission of diseases, and the release of greenhouse gases emissions, which contributes to climate change. To combat these problems, several countries are following the waste to energy (WtE) approach, which significantly reduces the volume of waste and generates renewable energy. Thus, the present study focuses on the municipal solid waste generation, composition, and waste to energy conversion technologies. Thermal conversion processes including incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification for heat, bio-oil, and syngas generation are already well established and are being employed in several countries. Currently, researchers are trying to improve the efficiency of biochemical methods such as anaerobic digestion, microbial fermentation, and microbial fuel cells for biogas, biohydrogen, and bioelectricity generation from MSW. This review explains the recent focus on microbial fermentation and microbial fuel cells for biofuels and bioelectricity production. Development of these technologies can lead to suitable eco-friendly approaches for the future. WtE technologies are important components of circular economy that will assist to achieve the demand of clean energy in future.
Inherently Distinctive Potentialities and Uses of Nanocellulose Based on its Nanoarchitecture
Authors: Uetani Kojiro , Ranaivoarimanana Naliharifetra Jessica , Hatakeyama Mayumi , Kitaoka Takuya
Published: June 2021

Native cellulose is mainly found in phytomass, such as trees and other plants. It has a regular hierarchical nanoarchitecture, in which the extended macromolecular chains are aligned and closely packed in parallel to form the crystalline nanofibrils of cell walls. In the context of material utilization, nanocellulose is a collective term for nano-ordered assemblies of cellulose chains. In recent times, it has been produced in large quantities from woody bioresources. In addition, nanocellulose has some fascinating physicochemical properties, such as high strength, light weight, transparency, birefringence, and low thermal expansion. These properties have enabled broad functional design of nanocellulose-based materials; but most of them are facing serious competition from various products that already exist. However, nanocellulose is not just a green alternative to existing materials. Rather, it is expected to make a profound difference in terms of pioneering novel functions. The present review focuses on the unexpected features of nanocellulose materials, triggered by details of the inherent nanoarchitecture of native cellulose.
Estudio de la subdimensión de igualdad: la equidad de género dentro de la Calidad de la Democracia, el caso del Perú
Authors: González Luz Anamar , Sánchez Luis Javier
Published: June 2021

Con el objetivo de evaluar la equidad de género dentro del estudio de la calidad de la democra ia, se realiza un análisis  del nivel de igualdad para las mujeres y hombres en materia de educación y trabajo en el Perú. Mediante el Análisis de Compon ntes Principales, la comparación de valores medios y la elaboración de modelos mixtos de efectos aleatorios se ha comprobado y cuantificado si ser mujer tiene una influencia significativa sobre los valores de cada una de las variables seleccionadas en los años 2008 y 2018. Se concluye que la desigualdad de género es uno de los principales problemas de la democracia en el Perú, es decir, el género es determinante para medir la calidad de la democracia.
Bakunin y la política como exaltación del autogobierno: potencialidades y limitaciones
Authors: Quiñones Julio
Published: June 2021

La contribución bakuniniana en teoría política remite a una postura autogubernativa centrada en la autonomía de los individuos y las agrupaciones pequeñas para definir sus fines colectivos y para articularse federativamente, postura justificada en lo filosófico a partir de un materialismo objetivista que concibe un instinto libertario natural en el ser humano. De manera sorprendente, sin embargo, a la hora de la praxis Bakunin se sitúa en las antípodas de su propio presupuesto, abrazando un elitismo condensado en una “plana mayor revolucionaria” que se designa a sí misma, actúa desde arriba y no rinde cuentas. Así, Bakunin fracasa en resolver la antinomia entre autogobierno y jerarquía debido a sus fundamentos filosóficos intuicionistas, que lo llevan a sentirse en posesión de la verdad acerca de la naturaleza humana y lo enceguecen respecto de la única mediación posible: la que ofrece la tradición del republicanismo popular y democrático.
FARC-CSIVI, Centro de Pensamiento y Diálogo Político. (2019). La implementación del Acuerdo de paz durante el gobierno de Iván Duque: Tendencia a la perfidia y simulación. Bogotá D.C.: Impresol, 106 pp.
Authors: Otálvaro Bairon , Klinger Estefanía
Published: June 2021

El Centro de Pensamiento y Diálogo Político (CSIVI-FARC) ofrece un análisis sobre el estado de avance del proceso de “implementación temprana” del acuerdo de paz durante el periodo del expresidente de Colombia Juan Manuel Santos y lo corrido del periodo presidencial de Iván Duque Márquez. La primera parte del libro centra el análisis en el Plan de Desarrollo presentado para el periodo 2018-2022: “pacto por Colombia, pacto por la equidad”, específicamente en el componente de “paz con legalidad”.
Evaluando la legitimidad democrática de la inteligencia nacional colombiana
Authors: Venegas Álvaro José , Swenson Russell G.
Published: June 2021

El concepto de legitimidad democrática, tal como se aplica a los servicios de inteligencia de un país, aún no se ha definido ni sus factores contribuyentes están sistemáticamente aislados y operacionalizados. Los acontecimientos recientes en Colombia son la oportunidad para intentar hacer esas dos cosas. Los servicios de inteligencia legítimamente democráticos satisfacen la necesidad de información y análisis de un país, de acuerdo con la aplicación de principios internacionales de derechos humanos, para preservar y proteger un sistema de gobierno de soporte constitucional. El concepto de legitimidad combina el respeto mutuo y la rendición de cuentas de legalidad existente entre la administración política de un país y sus ciudadanos, y las acciones y reputación a largo plazo de sus servicios de inteligencia. Tres elementos contribuyen a la evaluación de la legitimidad de la inteligencia colombiana: primero, a medida que los profesionales reflexionan sobre su entorno laboral, las memorias publicadas ilustran los aspectos sociales y culturales de la vida en los servicios de inteligencia. Segundo, el marco legal legitimante –la Ley de Inteligencia de Colombia 1621 del 2013 y las medidas del país para llevar a cabo y monitorear las actividades de inteligencia– indican un nivel de buena disposición institucional. Tercero, los artículos en línea de tres años antes y después de la promulgación de la ley de 2013, publicados por tres importantes medios de comunicación impresa, proporcionan datos empíricos. La legitimidad de los servicios de inteligencia colombianos ha aumentado desde la promulgación de la ley de inteligencia. El logro de una mayor libertad de expresión entre periodistas ha conducido a un aumento convincente en la cobertura de asuntos de inteligencia en Colombia.
GLOBAL DYNAMICS OF A COMPUTER VIRUS PROPAGATION MODEL WITH FEEDBACK CONTROLS
Authors: Dang Quang A , Hoang Manh Tuan , Tran Dinh Hung
Published: June 2021

A computer virus propagation model with feedback controls is first proposed and investigated. We show that the control variables do not influence on the global stability of the original differential model, they only alter the position of the unique viral equilibrium. The mathematical analyses and numerical simulations show that this equilibrium can be completely eliminated, namely, moved to the origin of coordinates if suitable values of the control variables are chosen. In the other words, the control variables are effective in the prevention of viruses in computer systems. Some numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the validity of the obtained theoretical results.
PESQUISA DO ESTADO DA ARTE SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE LEITORES SURDOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Molina Karina Soledad Maldonado , Vieira Claudia Regina , Mendonça Eliane
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa de estado da arte sobre letramento e leitura para estudantes surdos e esforços centrados na problematização do processo de escolarização de estudantes surdos, reavaliando a partir de um ponto de vista que permite a quebra de práticas educacionais ainda baseada numa perspectiva clínica que impede o avanço de formação de leitores surdos. Esta pesquisa de natureza documental de caráter qualitativo - descritivo, se utiliza do estado da arte, apresentando um panorama amplo a respeito da produção científica e acadêmica sobre o tema e a partir dos dados levantados problematiza como o processo educativo ao qual os estudantes surdos estão submetidos ainda reproduzem práticas que precisam ser superadas para que metodologias baseadas nas possibilidades desses estudantes possam ser pensadas nos espaços escolares, além de colaborar para que futuras pesquisas, por meio dos dados apresentados neste estudo que tem como recorte temporal os anos de 2005 a 2015, por conta da legislação da área, a saber a promulgação do Decreto nº 5626/05 que dá diretrizes para que a Libras seja disseminada nos espaços sociais e principalmente nos espaços escolares. A formação de leitores surdos no Brasil ainda é uma área silenciada que demanda ampla investigação que buscaria favorecer os processos de ensino e aprendizagem destes estudantes.
L’adaptation interculturelle des étudiants chinois en France
Authors: LUAN Ting
Published: June 2021

Cette étude vise à analyser l’adaptation interculturelle de trois étudiants chinois spécialisés en anglais et en français. Grâce à un échange universitaire, ces trois étudiants ont séjourné à Paris du mois de janvier au mois de mai 2019. Nous avons choisi d’utiliser à la fois la méthode quantitative (un questionnaire par mois) et la méthode qualitative (une interview par mois) pour discerner les principales difficultés rencontrées par les étudiants dans les domaines de l’adaptation générale, de l’adaptation au travail et de l’adaptation sociale. L’étude montre l’influence du système éducatif chinois sur les études et les comportements des étudiants chinois en France. Elle permet aussi de voir l’importance de la motivation et de l’objectif du séjour dans le choix des activités à l’étranger. Enfin, cette étude pourrait inspirer les enseignants de FLE à l’égard de la formation en compétences interculturelles des étudiants, notamment de nationalité chinoise.
Pédagogies innovantes
Authors: BORGE Nathalie
Published: June 2021

Il s’agira dans cet article de s’interroger sur la pertinence d’une didactique performative pour aborder le texte littéraire en classe de langue. Je présenterai un corpus recueilli dans un dispositif universitaire plurilingue et pluriculturel d’apprentissage du français langue étrangère de niveau intermédiaire dans lequel a lieu la mise en œuvre de performances à partir d’un extrait du roman d’Albert Camus L’Étranger. J’examinerai les bénéfices et les limites de cette approche en termes langagiers et culturels. Dans quelle mesure une pédagogie innovante peut-elle amener les apprenants à mieux comprendre une œuvre littéraire ?
Innovation pédagogique et hospitalité en action
Authors: ROSEN REINHARDT Evelyne
Published: June 2021

La chanson, objet culturel complexe et genre composite, est un support méthodologique très utilisé en classe de langues, qu’elle soit traitée sous un angle linguistique ou socioculturel, pour ses composantes textuelle, musicale ou bien encore vocale. Le projet « Chansons francophones arrangées-dérangées » exploite l’ensemble de ces possibilités : il s’agit de proposer un accompagnement linguistique et culturel fondé sur la pratique chantée, en complément des cours dispensés dans un centre universitaire de FLE et en collaboration avec le Centre de Formation de Musiciens Intervenants, aboutissant à un spectacle ouvert au public. Après deux ans de mise en pratique, un bilan est ici réalisé autour de la question suivante : Dans quelle mesure un tel travail sur la langue et la culture, en musique et en chanson, représente-il un levier pour le développement des compétences langagières et socioculturelles des apprenants allophones ?
A Case Study of Family Language Policy (FLP) in Diasporic Chinese Families in the Paris Region
Authors: SHEN Xialing
Published: June 2021

Minority language maintenance and childhood bilingualism have attracted attention and generated a significant number of publications over several decades. As an emerging and increasingly critical domain which provides a microscopic view of daily interactions, family language policy (FLP) is still a relatively new field of study in Sociolinguistics in France. Very little research, in which field studies are included, has been carried out since 2000. This short article attempts to analyse first-hand data collected in 2019 from ten Chinese families living in the Île-de-France region. A mixed approach, including quantitative, qualitative and sociolinguistic ethnography, was adopted. Four of the ten families were selected for study in greater detail. Surveys, interviews, recordings and onsite observations are the main methods used to collect data for this paper. This FLP case study tries to gain an insight on how Sinitic languages are maintained and handed down in the Parisian Chinese diaspora; the results of this study are also compared to FLP studies carried out in other Chinese diasporas.
Designing digital educational resources to facilitate learning for second language students
Authors: GEOFFRE Thierry , DHERBEY CHAPUIS Nathalie
Published: June 2021

The number of students who struggle to execute reading comprehension tasks raises in Europe, questioning the relevance and effectiveness of the teaching methods implemented in regular classrooms. In Switzerland, students of French as a second language appear to be particularly at risk of encountering such difficulties. This motivates studies to investigate the specific difficulties in manipulating the language of schooling they may face. This study presents a discussion about teaching tools based on research findings in didactics, psycholinguistics and applied linguistics. This interdisciplinary approach leads us to propose a theoretical framework for 1) considering the specific needs of second language students and 2) developing digital tools to promote the literacy of these students in an inclusive teaching environment which may be in fact suitable for all students. We aim to develop a didactic ontology that will allow us to create customisable and automatically adaptable teaching-learning pathways.
La historia de la educación preescolar desde la perspectiva de la larga duración
Authors: Sanchidrián Blanco Carmen
Published: June 2021

Este artículo de  reflexión presenta un marco para facilitar los estudios de historia comparada de educación preescolar y de larga duración, centrados en un país o región a partir de la revisión sistemática de investigaciones sobre la historia de la educación infantil. Este proceso de revisión se desarrolló teniendo en cuenta las etapas de los diferentes modelos de educación preescolar que pueden ser comunes entre países con duraciones diferentes, señalando tres etapas que abarcan desde la creación de las primeras instituciones hasta su generalización. Se revisan esas tres etapas en el caso español, sin intentar presentar la historia de la educación preescolar en España durante casi doscientos años, sino indicando algunos hitos, debates, contribuciones o normas legales significativas que permitan entender mejor esa historia y establecer puentes para una historia comparada. Tanto la teoría de dependencia de paso como la utilización de modelos permiten obtener una visión global de los procesos estudiados y percibir las decisiones que, tomadas en un momento dado, condicionan gran parte de esa historia. La utilización de este marco en estudios de larga duración en otros países permitirá ajustar las fases descritas y demostrar su eficacia.
Provisórios em prótese fixa: revisão integrativa da literatura e técnicas para confecção
Authors: Queiroz Andressa Cristina da Silva , Gomes Robson de Lima , Rodrigues Gregorio Marcio de Figueiredo , Figueiredo Viviane
Published: June 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: A prótese fixa provisória é uma parte importante do tratamento reabilitador, sendo uma fase intermediária necessária para a confecção das próteses definitivas. OBJETIVO: Apresentar materiais e suas propriedades; como também as técnicas para confecção de provisórios em Prótese Fixa, através de uma revisão de literatura integrativa. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Busca dos artigos ocorreu na BVS e PubMed, publicados em português e inglês, entre 2000 a 2020. A estratégia de busca utilizada foi utilizando as palavras chave: (Denture, Partial, Temporary) AND (Polymers) AND (Denture, Partial, Fixed) AND ("Dental Prosthesis" OR "Flexural Strength" OR "Dental Polishing"). Foram incluídos estudos completos disponíveis; abordando o tema provisórios em Prótese Parcial Fixa sobre dente. Os critérios de exclusão foram estudos de provisórios em prótese sobre implante, revisões de literatura e relatos de caso. Os dados completos dos textos selecionados foram extraídos pelos revisores. Técnicas foram apresentadas quanto as etapas de confecção. RESULTADOS: Os estudos abordaram a aplicação de diferentes materiais e técnicas, além das pesquisas laboratoriais serem prevalentes. Observou-se uma heterogeneidade entre objetos de estudos e variáveis, destacando-se o uso de distintos polímeros, técnicas e adição do reforço. CONCLUSÃO: Há diversos materiais para a confecção de provisórios. As técnicas relatadas foram o uso do molde em silicone, matriz em acetato e CAD/CAM, e as mais comuns de serem executadas na clínica diária foram adaptação da faceta de estoque (sobre o preparo e dente tratado endodonticamente), resina adaptada ou bolinha e molde ou matriz em silicone.
Disciplinary Responsibility of Civil Servants of the Russian Empire
Authors: Leshchina E. L.
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to examining legal, factual and procedural grounds of disciplinary responsibility of civil servants in the Russian Empire on the basis of the Statutes of Civil Service, Regulations on Punishments in Criminal and Correctional Proceedings, the Statute of Criminal Proceedings. The author defines the concept of official misconduct (malfeasance in office), the legislatively established list of disciplinary offences and relevant measures of influence, their substantive characteristics, the peculiarities of simple (extrajudicial) and judicial procedure of proceedings in disciplinary cases initiated against civil servants of administrative departments. The analysis made it possible to draw a conclusion about the existence in the second half of the 18th century in the system of the Russian public service of a disciplinary process that has all the features of the legal process and a procedural form of criminal proceedings. The use of disciplinary sanctions was subject to certain rules that protected subordinates from arbitrary use of disciplinary power by their principals. The most stringent forms of disciplinary sanctions involving dismissal from service could only be applied by the court. A number of provisions existing at the time can be used to improve the legal basis of the proceedings in disciplinary cases of civil servants of the Russian Federation.
Abuse in the Distribution of Property of a Liquidated Corporation: Judicial and Legal Aspect
Authors: Lyanguzova E. M.
Published: June 2021

Given the rapid development of corporate legislation, it is necessary to determine the boundaries of acceptable behavior when carrying out the procedure for distributing discovered property of a liquidated legal entity. The relevance of the topic is supported by both the increase in the number of applications for the appointment of the procedure received by commercial courts, especially during the economic downturn, and the increase in the number of abuses aimed at taking possession of the property of the corporation. There are gaps in the legal regulation of certain issues of the procedure: the circle of persons, the right to submit an application, the conditions of appointment, and control over the procedure. Stakeholders find opportunities to circumvent the law, leading to new types of abuse. In the absence of detailed legislative regulation, review of practice and clarifications of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, courts have to form judicial practice based on the circumstances of specific cases, which leads to contradictions in judicial practice. The stated problem is considered from the standpoint of its corporate component, while the author departs from the traditional circle of subjects of corporate law and examines abuses that can be committed by both participants and management, creditors and even an arbitrazh receiver. The paper lists the main types of abuse of rights, the definition of abuse of rights is proposed. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of judicial practice related to the consideration of cases by commercial courts on applications for the appointment of a procedure.
On Typical Violations of Legislation in the Field of Use and Protection of Specially Protected Natural Areas
Authors: Berdinskikh S. V.
Published: June 2021

Given the provisions of the theory of law, the author provides her own classification and systematization of typical violations in the field of use and protection of specially protected natural areas. A classification of violations by the form of behavior, form of guilt, behavior of subjects in the legal sphere, type of responsibility, subjects, consequences, subject of legal regulation is proposed. For the rational use of the potential of the prosecutor’s office, it possible to systematize typical violations according to the principle of exclusivity of the judicial procedure for protecting public interest as the only possible response. Typical violations require special attention of the prosecutor’s office, predetermine the ways to protect the violated or contested public interest, including in court, and the measures of the prosecutor’s response should correlate with them. The proposed classification and systematization of typical violations according to the criterion of the subject of legal regulation and according to the principle of the exclusivity of the judicial order of protection will serve as the basis for improving the organization of activities (supervisory and non-supervising) of the prosecutor to protect public interests in the use and protection of specially protected natural areas, and the development of methods for this activity.
Comprehensive assessment of certain trace elements, hormones and enzymes in patients with exogenous-constitutional obesity in predicting transition to metabolic syndrome
Authors: Nikishova T V , Kurnikova I A
Published: June 2021

Aim. To study the relationship between the trace element status (chromium, zinc and copper) and hormonal activity (insulin, leptin) in women with metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes, depending on the type and severity of obesity.

Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare 288 women with exogenous-constitutional obesity aged 2545 years and healthy women of similar age (n=38). The comparative analysis was carried out in groups of patients with android and gynoid ECO types and varying degrees of obesity. The study was conducted in the NUZ Department Clinical Hospital of the Kazan station of JSC Russian Railways between 2016 and 2020. Along with clinical laboratory tests, the indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (including the determination of hormones), the activity of enzyme systems and trace element content were determined. The statistical significance of the differences was assessed by using the non-parametric Spearman's rank correlation test.

Results. It was revealed that the type of obesity associated with the indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the activities of catalase and peroxidase, and trace element content. In patients with abdominal obesity, the concentration of copper was higher than in the comparison group, and chromium and zinc lower than in patients with gynoid obesity and in the control group. In patients with android obesity, a high correlation was found between the serum copper level (r=0.98) and body fat percentage (r=0.74) compared with patients with gynoid type obesity. The correlation of chromium level with the level of blood glucose (r=0.58), triglycerides (r=0.66), cholesterol (r=0.60) and catalase enzyme activity (r=0.54) as well as correlation of zinc level with the level of blood glucose (r=0.74), cholesterol (r=0.77), triglycerides (r=0.90), catalase (r=0.57), and peroxidase (r=0.59) were revealed. Also, significant differences in the level of trace elements in patients with varying degrees of obesity were found.

Conclusion. An increase in copper concentration and a decrease in the concentration of chromium and zinc are unfavorable signs in obese patients associated with the activation of oxidative stress, hyperplastic processes and a high risk of developing a metabolic syndrome.
The role of Kazan therapists in the development of the direction of Botkin's scientific research and clinical practice in the first half of the twentieth century
Authors: Borodulin V I , Albitsky V Yu
Published: June 2021

The article highlights the formation of scientific therapeutic schools in Kazan using the comparative-historical method from the position of the modern concept of scientific school. Founded by the first of Botkin's student N.A. Vinogradov, the affiliate Botkin's scientific school initiated the creation of therapeutic schools at Kazan University in the first half of the XX century, originating in the second or third generation directly from S.P. Botkin. The activities of prominent Kazan therapists and their role in the formation of scientific schools are considered based on the approach of the social history of medicine the impact of the social changes in Russia in 1917 and the beginning of the Civil War. Having established a center for the development of the scientific heritage of the great Russian clinician in Kazan, the clinical schools of A.N. Kazem-Bek, S.S. Zimnitsky, M.N. Cheboksarov, and N.K. Goryaev played a huge role in the development of Botkins direction of domestic internal medicine.
Unsur Elemen tak Tereduksi (Irreducible Element) Realisme Magis Dalam Novel Bumi Karya Tere Liye
Authors: Salsabila Ananda Farah , Karkono
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Magical realism is a theory by Wendy B. Faris that tells about a narrative that combines the elements of fantasy and reality. The term magical realism was created in 1925 throughout the world of painting and was introduced by Franz Roh, a German art critic. The novel Bumi by Tere Liye that was published in 2014 has the concept of magical realism in it. The writing in this novel contains an imaginary adventure where the main characters are trying to find their true self until they reach the parallel universe. This qualitative research uses a library research method. The data collected were verbal and linguistic data that contains an irreducible element in the data source that is the novel Bumi by Tere Liye. Irreducible element contained in the narrative includes the magical abilities of the main characters, such as Raib who can turn invisible, Seli who can radiate blue lightning, and Ali who can transform into a giant bear. There are also magical objects in this novel, such as the moving alley, The Book of Life, The Sun gloves, and others. The existence of a parallel universe is also a factor that strengthens the irreducible element in this novel.

Keywords: magical realism, irreducible element, Bumi novel

Abstrak: Realisme magis adalah sebuah teori yang dirumuskan oleh Wendy B. Faris mengenai narasi yang memadukan unsur fantasi dan realita. Istilah realisme magis lahir pada 1925 melalui dunia lukis dan diperkenalkan oleh Franz Roh, seorang kritikus seni Jerman. Novel Bumi karya Tere Liye yang terbit pada tahun 2014 mengangkat konsep realisme magis. Penulisan dalam novel ini mengandung petualangan imajinasi dimana para tokoh-tokoh utamanya dikisahkan bahwa mereka sedang berada dalam petualangan mencari jati diri mereka dan pencarian itu mereka lakukan hingga ke dunia paralel. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data verbal dan kebahasaan yang mengandung unsur Irreducible Element dalam sumber data berupa novel Bumi karya Tere Liye. Unsur Irreducible Element yang terdapat dalam narasi meliputi kemampuan magis tokoh-tokoh utama, seperti Raib yang dapat berubah menjadi tak kasat mata, Seli yang dapat memancarkan petir biru, dan Ali yang dapat berubah menjadi beruang raksasa. Dalam novel ini juga terdapat objek-objek magis seperti lorong berpindah, Buku Kehidupan, sarung tangan Klan Matahari, dan lain sebagainya. Keberadaan Dunia Paralel juga merupakan faktor yang memperkuat unsur Irreducible Element dalam novel ini.

Kata kunci: realisme magis, irreducible element, novel Bumi
Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Arab pada Siswa MA dengan Metode SQ3R
Authors: Tichlova Marissa , Irhamni  , Nasih Ahmad Munjin
Published: June 2021

Abstract: The objective of this research is to identify the implementation and the result of SQ3R method in Arabic learning to improve the reading skill of XI 2 students of MA Mambaul Ulum. This research applies Classroom Action Research (CAR) that uses qualitative descriptive approaches. Based on cycle I, it appears that students’ reading skill improves to 44% with the average of 60.05 from 38.8% with the average of 49.00 in the early observation stage. In cycle II, students’ reading skill improves significantly at 27.8% from cycle I. The result of the research shows that the implementation of SQ3R Method in learning Arabic has improved students’ reading skill.

Keywords: Arabic, reading, SQ3R method

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan serta hasil belajar metode SQ3R pada pembelajaran bahasa Arab untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa Kelas XI 2 MA Mambaul Ulum. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan siklus I, diketahui bahwa kemampuan membaca siswa meningkat menjadi 44% dengan rata-rata 60,05 dari data nilai observasi awal yang hanya 38,8% dengan rata-rata 49,00. Pada siklus II, kemampuan membaca siswa mengalami peningkatan signifikan, yakni 27,8% siklus I. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa penerapan metode SQ3R dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa.

Kata kunci: bahasa Arab, membaca, metode SQ3R
Enhancing EFL Learners’ Reading Vocabulary Acquisition through Task-Based Instruction
Authors: Ramadhan Guntur Rahmat , Saukah Ali , Andreani Sri
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This study is intended to enhance students’ reading vocabulary through task-based instruction. It was also devised not only to answer how the strategy can enhance students’ reading vocabulary but also to get data about students’ vocabulary retention two weeks after the implementation and students’ responses towards the strategy. The participantS of this study were 30 ninth graders in SMPN 11 Malang in the second semester of 2019/2020 academic year. Classroom Action Research (CAR) was used as the research design. Vocabulary test, questionnaire, observation sheet, and interview session were the instruments of this study. There were three vocabulary tests, namely vocabulary test one, vocabulary test two, and delayed test. The result showed that there was an improvement in students' scores. 90% of students achieved at least 25 improvement points for the vocabulary test two, 61% of students passed the delayed vocabulary test, and 97.5% of students responded positively toward the strategy. TBI could enhance vocabulary acquisition from the context and task’s characteristics. The context of the text helped students to give a clue about some forgotten vocabularies, so they felt less burdened to remember the vocabulary in the whole text because they generally understand the context of the text.

Keywords: task-based instruction, reading vocabulary, vocabulary retention

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kosakata membaca siswa melalui instruksi berbasis tugas. Penelitian ini juga dirancang tidak hanya untuk menjawab bagaimana strategi yang diterapkan dapat meningkatkan kosakata membaca siswa tetapi juga untuk mendapatkan data tentang retensi kosakata siswa dua minggu setelah penerapan dan tanggapan siswa terhadap strategi yang diberikan. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 30 siswa kelas 9B di SMPN 11 Malang semester genap tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) digunakan sebagai desain penelitian. Tes kosakata, angket, lembar observasi, dan sesi wawancara menjadi instrumen dalam penelitian ini. Ada tiga tes kosakata yang diberikan, yaitu tes kosakata satu, tes kosakata dua, dan tes tertunda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan pada nilai siswa: 90% dari keseluruhan siswa mencapai setidaknya 25 peningkatan poin untuk tes kosakata dua, 61% dari keseluruhan siswa mampu melalui tes kosakata tertunda, dan 97.5% dari keseluruhan siswa menanggapi strategi secara positif. TBI dapat meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata dari suatu konteks dan karakteristik tugas. Konteks dari suatu teks membantu siswa mendapatkan petunjuk tentang beberapa kosakata yang telah terlupakan, sehingga mereka merasa tidak terlalu terbebani untuk mengingat kembali kosakata keseluruhan teks karena mereka pada umumnya memahami konteks teks tersebut.

Kata kunci: instruksi berbasis tugas, kosakata bacaan, retensi kosakata
Syntactic Analysis of Surah Qaf English Translation by Muhammad Taqiudin Al Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan
Authors: Azizah Nur , Basthomi Yazid , Subianto Arif
Published: June 2021

Abstract: The present research is an analytical study referring to the Quranic English translation. It specifically aims at analyzing the constituent structure of sentence types in Surah Qaf English translation by Muhammad Taqiudin Al Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan. More particularly, this research sets out to identify the sentence types found in the translation and analyze them at the syntactic level. The data for this research are taken from al-quran.info.com, the trusted site for Qur’an online translation and commentary. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Based on the analysis, the findings indicate that four sentence types (declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative) appear in the Surah Qaf English translation with different number of occurrences. This research is also conducted to find out the constituent structure of each sentence type. The results also show that each sentence type has a distinctive pattern of constituent and grammatical structure.

Keywords: syntactic analysis, sentence types, quranic translation

Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi analitik yang merujuk pada terjemahan Al Quran dalam Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur konstituen tipe-tipe kalimat yang ada pada terjemahan Surah Qaf dalam Bahasa Inggris oleh Muhammad Taqiudin Al Hilali dan Muhammad Muhsin Khan. Singkatnya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis secara sintaksis tipe-tipe kalimat yang ditemukan di hasil terjemahan tersebut. Data penelitian ini diambil dari al-quran.info.com, sebuah situs terpercaya khusus terjemahan dan tafsir online Al Quran. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat empat tipe kalimat dengan frekuensi yang berbeda-beda yang ditemukan dalam hasil terjemahan Surah Qaf, antara lain deklaratif, imperatif, seruan, dan interogatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiap tipe kalimat memiliki tipe konstituen dan struktur tata bahasa tersendiri.

 Kata kunci: Analisis sintaksis, tipe kalimat, terjemahan Alquran
Kepribadian dan Aktualisasi Diri Unyil dalam Petualangan Si Unyil
Authors: Purna Prayoga Adi , Pusposari Dewi
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This present study aims at describing the personality and self-actualization of Unyil in the animation video of The Adventures of Si Unyil. This is a descriptive qualitative study in which the personality of Unyil was analyzed using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis theory with the theory specifying id, ego, and superego. Meanwhile, the self-actualization of Unyil was explored using Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of need with the needs consisting of physiological, safety, social, self-conception, and self-actualization. The data were elicited via a number of methods, including observation, transcription, and note-taking. The collected data were then analyzed using the chosen theories. The key findings of this study indicate that Unyil embraces a good personality by helping others, conforming to the acceptable norms, competitive, and selfless. However, at some point, he is also selfish and likes to tease his friends. With respect to self-actualization, it can be said that Unyil can generally fulfill his needs. The needs he cannot fulfill were not all due to his mistakes.

Kata kunci: Unyil, personality, self-actualization

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kepribadian dan aktualisasi diri Unyil dalam animasi Petualangan Si Unyil. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Peneliti dalam penelitian ini berusaha mendeskripsikan kepribadian dan aktualisasi diri Unyil dalam Petualangan Si Unyil. Kepribadian Unyil dianalisis menggunakan teori psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Teori psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud, yaitu id, ego, dan superego. Teori hierarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow digunakan untuk menganalisis pemenuhan aktualisasi diri Unyil. Teori hierarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow terdiri dari kebutuhan fisiologis, kebutuhan akan keamanan, kebutuhan sosial, kebutuhan harga diri, dan aktualisasi diri. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan metode menonton, mentranskripsi, dan mencatat. Kemudian data-data dalam penelitian ini dikaitkan dengan teori psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud dan hierarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow. Teori hierarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow Hasil penelitian ini adalah Unyil memiliki kepribadian yang baik dengan mau menolong orang, berkelakuan baik sesuai norma-norma, kompetitif, dan tidak mementingkan dirinya sendiri. Namun, di waktu tertentu Unyil terkadang egois dan mengejek temannya. Unyil dapat memenuhi sebagian besar kebutuhannya sehingga dapat memenuhi aktualisasi dirinya. Kebutuhan yang tidak dapat dipenuhi Unyil tidak semua karena faktor kesalahannya.

Kata kunci: Unyil, kepribadian, aktualisasi diri
Relationships between reference lines altered during leg shape correction as requested by the patient
Authors:   City Hospital of St. George the Great Martyr, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kulesh P.N. , Solomin L.N. ,   Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Introduction Patients who want their leg shape changed often identify the O- or X-shaped legs with varus or valgus deformity striving for ideally shaped legs as classified by A. A. Artemiev. The purpose of the study was to compare changes in the relationship between reference lines as mechanical axis deviation (MAD), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), mechanical lateral distal tibial angle (mLDTA) and the associated duration of the correction (CP), fixation (FP) and frame-on periods (FoP) in patients who underwent correction to have the legs shape as requested and those who underwent tibial deformity correction. Material and methods There were 43 patients (84 segments operated on) in the cosmesis group and 15 participants (28 segments operated on) in orthopedic group. Preperative MAD, mMPTA, mLDTA measured 17.48 ± 1.14 mm medially, 84.90 ± 0.35° and 90.61 ± 0.39° in the cosmesis patients; 19.18 ± 2.86 mm medially, 84.04 ± 0.35°, 89.09 ± 0.37° in orthopaedic patients with no statistically significant differences observed between the groups. Results CP, FP and FoP lasted for 41.93 ± 3.96, 97.67 ± 7.78 and 139.60 ± 5.15 days in the cosmesis group, and 18.22 ± 3.05, 134.89 ± 9.42 and 153.00 ± 8.49 in controls. FP/CP, CP/FoP, FP/FoP measured 0.57 ≈ 1/2, 0.31 ≈ 1/3, 0.69 ≈ 2/3 in the cosmesis group and 0.15 ≈ 1/7; 0.12 ≈ 1/8; 0.88 ≈ 7/8 in controls. MAD, mMPTA, mLDTA measured 6.08 ± 0.87 mm laterally, 90.80 ± 0.31°, 88.62 ± 0.35° in the cosmesis participants, and 0.61 ± 0.82 mm laterally, 89.46 ± 0.54°, 87.68 ± 0. 63° in controls. Discussion There were no statistically significant differences in FoP with different duration of CP (≈ 1/3 FoP for the cosmesis group and ≈ 1/8 FoP for controls). The means of MAD, mMPTA of measured up to tibial valgus in cosmesis patients and were well within acceptable limits of normal in controls.Tibial valgus was caused by too much overcorrection (by ¼ on average).
Prevalence of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (data from a single-center registry)
Authors: Loginova I. Yu. , Kamenskaya O. V. , Klinkova A. S. , Lomivorotov V. V. , Chernyavsky A. M.
Published: June 2021

Aim. To assess the prevalence and clinical and functional features of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in patients who underwent pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) using data from a single-center registry. Methods. This study included 127 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who underwent PTE from January 2016 to March 2020 and were included in a follow-up group. The follow-up after surgery was 6 or more months. The prevalence of COVID-19 and clinical and functional properties of the cardiorespiratory system were assessed in the study group. Results. The average follow-up period after PTE in the study group was 2.5 ± 0.9 years. 14 (11%) deaths not associated with COVID-19 were reported during this period. 5 cases of COVID-19 were detected among the remaining 113 patients. In one case, the infection was asymptomatic, while other patients had the typical clinical symptoms and developed bilateral polysegmental pneumonia. No patients required mechanical ventilation or died of COVID-19. All patients who underwent PTE were compliant with anticoagulation therapy and PAH-specific therapy for residual pulmonary hypertension. No adjustment of PAH-specific and anticoagulation therapy was required during COVID-19. Conclusion. The prevalence of COVID-19 in patients who underwent PTE was 4.4%, no deaths were recorded. Outpatient follow-up and timely informing of patients undergoing PTE allow keeping the COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in the studied group at the general population level. Evaluation of the impact of chronic anticoagulants and PAH-specific therapy on the outcome of COVID-19 deserves further research.