bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Logistic Models Using an Asymmetric Link: Modelling the Away Victories in Football
Authors: Pérez–Sánchez José María , Gómez–Déniz Emilio , Dávila–Cárdenes Nancy
Published: June 2018

The target of this paper is to study the relevant factors affecting the victories away from home of football teams in order to fit the probability of winning an away match. The paper addressed the following research issues: (a) Is the identification of the significant variables underlying the results plausible? (b) Can information of these factors increase the probability of winning away from home and assist coaches in their decisions? Empirically, it is shown that there are more home victories and draws than away victories in the professional football leagues in Europe and this fact has to be taken into account. Thus, the classical logistic and Bayesian regression models do not seem to be adequate in this case and an asymmetric logistic regression model is therefore considered. This paper analyses 380 games played in the First Division of the Spanish Football League during the 2013–2014 season. Asymmetric logistic regression from a Bayesian point of view is chosen as the best model. This model detects new relevant factors undetected by standard logistic regressions. In view of the paper’s findings, various practical recommendations were made in order to improve decision-making in this field. The Asymmetric logit link is a helpful device that can assist coaches in their game strategies.
Harmonic Principles of Elemental Crystals—From Atomic Interaction to Fundamental Symmetry
Authors: Zschornak Matthias , Leisegang Tilmann , Meutzner Falk , Stöcker Hartmut , Lemser Theresa , Tauscher Tobias , Funke Claudia , Cherkouk Charaf , Meyer Dirk C.
Published: June 2018

The formation of crystals and symmetry on the atomic scale has persistently attracted scientists through the ages. The structure itself and its subtle dependence on boundary conditions is a reflection of three principles: atomic attraction, repulsion, and the limitations in 3D space. This involves a competition between simplicity and high symmetry on the one hand and necessary structural complexity on the other. This work presents a simple atomistic crystal growth model derived for equivalent atoms and a pair potential. It highlights fundamental concepts, most prominently provided by a maximum number of equilibrium distances in the atom’s local vicinity, to obtain high symmetric structural motifs, among them the Platonic Solids. In this respect, the harmonically balanced interaction during the atomistic nucleation process may be regarded as origin of symmetry. The minimization of total energy is generalized for 3D periodic structures constituting these motifs. In dependence on the pair potential’s short- and long-range characteristics the, by symmetry, rigid lattices relax isotropically within the potential well. The first few coordination shells with lattice-specific fixed distances do not necessarily determine which equilibrium symmetry prevails. A phase diagram calculated on the basis of these few assumptions summarizes stable regions of close-packed fcc and hcp, next to bcc symmetry for predominantly soft short-range and hard long-range interaction. This lattice symmetry, which is evident for alkali metals as well as transition metals of the vanadium and chromium group, cannot be obtained from classical Morse or Lennard-Jones type potentials, but needs the range flexibility within the pair potential.
The Diversity of Bacterial Lifestyles Hampers Bacteriophage Tenacity
Authors: Lourenço Marta , De Sordi Luisa , Debarbieux Laurent
Published: June 2018

Phage therapy is based on a simple concept: the use of a virus (bacteriophage) that is capable of killing specific pathogenic bacteria to treat bacterial infections. Since the pioneering work of Félix d’Herelle, bacteriophages (phages) isolated in vitro have been shown to be of therapeutic value. Over decades of study, a large number of rather complex mechanisms that are used by phages to hijack bacterial resources and to produce their progeny have been deciphered. While these mechanisms have been identified and have been studied under optimal conditions in vitro, much less is known about the requirements for successful viral infections in relevant natural conditions. This is particularly true in the context of phage therapy. Here, we highlight the parameters affecting phage replication in both in vitro and in vivo environments, focusing, in particular, on the mammalian digestive tract. We propose avenues for increasing the knowledge-guided implementation of phages as therapeutic tools.
Study of the Scale Effect on Permeability in the Interlayer Shear Weakness Zone Using Sequential Indicator Simulation and Sequential Gaussian Simulation
Authors: Chen Meng , Zhou Zhifang , Zhao Lei , Lin Mu , Guo Qiaona , Li Mingwei
Published: June 2018

The interlayer shear weakness zone (ISWZ) is a deformation zone in stratified rock masses, with different width and spacing, due to tectonic stresses. It represents the main flow path in rocks due to higher permeability compared with massive rocks. The permeability values of an ISWZ can vary significantly depending on the scale. This study focuses on the correlations between the permeability properties of ISWZs and their geometry properties. A range of realistic 3-D numerical models of ISWZs is developed using geostatistical modeling, with fine-scale geometry and permeability information taken into consideration. These ISWZs represent a set of mud content and width distributions that are typical for ISWZs. Horizontal and vertical permeability values for all ISWZs are found to change in small-scale samples, whereas these fluctuations decrease with increasing sample size. For different types of ISWZs, the results show that ISWZs with variable width will show a significantly larger scale effect on the permeability than that of ISWZs with constant width. Furthermore, ISWZs with a higher mud content display greater variation in horizontal permeability, while the opposite is true for vertical permeability. Based on the coefficient of permeability variation, a criterion is proposed to identify the calculated permeability of a sample is locally homogeneous. The size for this sample relies on the properties estimated (horizontal and vertical permeability) and geometry features. These findings could provide a basis for the selection of permeability values of an ISWZ in hydraulic engineering. Additionally, the procedures used in this article can be applied to any type of ISWZs.
Light Curves of Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory
Authors: De Cia Annalisa , Gal-Yam A. , Rubin A. , Leloudas G. , Vreeswijk P. , Perley D. A. , Quimby R. , Yan Lin , Sullivan M. , Flörs A. , Sollerman J. , Bersier D. , Cenko S. B. , Gal-Yam M. , Maguire K. , Ofek E. O. , Prentice S. , Schulze S. , Spyromilio J. , Valenti S. , Arcavi I. , Corsi A. , Howell D. A. , Mazzali P. , Kasliwal M. M. , Taddia F. , Yaron O.
Published: June 2018

We investigate the light-curve properties of a sample of 26 spectroscopically confirmed hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) in the Palomar Transient Factory survey. These events are brighter than SNe Ib/c and SNe Ic-BL, on average, by about 4 and 2 mag, respectively. The peak absolute magnitudes of SLSNe-I in rest-frame g band span −22 ≲ M

g
 ≲ −20 mag, and these peaks are not powered by radioactive 56Ni, unless strong asymmetries are at play. The rise timescales are longer for SLSNe than for normal SNe Ib/c, by roughly 10 days, for events with similar decay times. Thus, SLSNe-I can be considered as a separate population based on photometric properties. After peak, SLSNe-I decay with a wide range of slopes, with no obvious gap between rapidly declining and slowly declining events. The latter events show more irregularities (bumps) in the light curves at all times. At late times, the SLSN-I light curves slow down and cluster around the 56Co radioactive decay rate. Powering the late-time light curves with radioactive decay would require between 1 and 10 M
⊙ of Ni masses. Alternatively, a simple magnetar model can reasonably fit the majority of SLSNe-I light curves, with four exceptions, and can mimic the radioactive decay of 56Co, up to ∼400 days from explosion. The resulting spin values do not correlate with the host-galaxy metallicities. Finally, the analysis of our sample cannot strengthen the case for using SLSNe-I for cosmology.
On the Use of the Main-sequence Knee (Saddle) to Measure Globular Cluster Ages
Authors: Saracino S. , Dalessandro E. , Ferraro F. R. , Lanzoni B. , Origlia L. , Salaris M. , Pietrinferni A. , Geisler D. , Kalirai J. S. , Correnti M. , Cohen R. E. , Mauro F. , Villanova S. , Bidin C. Moni
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we review the operational definition of the so-called main-sequence knee (MS-knee), a feature in the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) occurring at the low-mass end of the MS. The magnitude of this feature is predicted to be independent of age at fixed chemical composition. For this reason, its difference in magnitude with respect to the MS turn-off (MS-TO) point has been suggested as a possible diagnostic to estimate absolute globular cluster (GC) ages. We first demonstrate that the operational definition of the MS-knee currently adopted in the literature refers to the inflection point of the MS (which we here more appropriately named MS-saddle), a feature that is well distinct from the knee and which cannot be used as its proxy. The MS-knee is only visible in near-infrared CMDs, while the MS-saddle can be also detected in optical–NIR CMDs. By using different sets of isochrones, we then demonstrate that the absolute magnitude of the MS-knee varies by a few tenths of a dex from one model to another, thus showing that at the moment stellar models may not capture the full systematic error in the method. We also demonstrate that while the absolute magnitude of the MS-saddle is almost coincident in different models, it has a systematic dependence on the adopted color combinations which is not predicted by stellar models. Hence, it cannot be used as a reliable reference for absolute age determination. Moreover, when statistical and systematic uncertainties are properly taken into account, the difference in magnitude between the MS-TO and the MS-saddle does not provide absolute ages with better accuracy than other methods like the MS-fitting.
SN 2017ein and the Possible First Identification of a Type Ic Supernova Progenitor
Authors: Van Dyk Schuyler D. , Zheng WeiKang , Brink Thomas G. , Filippenko Alexei V. , Milisavljevic Dan , Andrews Jennifer E. , Smith Nathan , Cignoni Michele , Fox Ori D. , Kelly Patrick L. , Adamo Angela , Yunus Sameen , Zhang Keto , Kumar Sahana
Published: June 2018

We have identified a progenitor candidate in archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images for the Type Ic supernova (SN Ic) SN 2017ein in NGC 3938, pinpointing the candidate’s location via HST Target of Opportunity imaging of the SN itself. This would be the first identification of a stellar-like object as a progenitor candidate for any SN Ic to date. We also present observations of SN 2017ein during the first ∼49 days since explosion. We find that SN 2017ein most resembles the well-studied SN Ic SN 2007gr. We infer that SN 2017ein experienced a total visual extinction of A

V
 ≈ 1.0–1.9 mag, predominantly because of dust within the host galaxy. Although the distance is not well known, if this object is the progenitor, it was likely of high initial mass, ∼47–48 M
⊙ if a single star, or ∼60–80 M
⊙ if in a binary system. However, we also find that the progenitor candidate could be a very blue and young compact cluster, further implying a very massive (>65 M
⊙) progenitor. Furthermore, the actual progenitor might not be associated with the candidate at all and could be far less massive. From the immediate stellar environment, we find possible evidence for three different populations; if the SN progenitor was a member of the youngest population, this would be consistent with an initial mass of ∼57 M
⊙. After it has faded, the SN should be reobserved at high spatial resolution and sensitivity, to determine whether the candidate is indeed the progenitor.
Feasibility of Measurement and Adherence to System Performance Measures for Rheumatoid Arthritis in 5 Models of Care
Authors: Barber Claire E.H. , Thorne J. Carter , Ahluwalia Vandana , Burt Jennifer , Lacaille Diane , Marshall Deborah A. , Hazlewood Glen S. , Mosher Dianne , Denning Lisa , Szamko Ildiko , Chin Ricky , Hamilton Sean , Benseler Susanne , Twilt Marinka , Shiff Natalie J. , Bykerk Vivian , Homik Joanne , Barnabe Cheryl
Published: June 2018

Objective.

To test the feasibility of reporting on 4 national performance measures for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 5 different models of care.

Methods.

The following performance measures were evaluated in 5 models of care: waiting time (WT) to rheumatologist consultation, percentage of patients seen in yearly followup (FU), percentage taking disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD), and time to starting DMARD. All models aimed to improve early access and care for patients with RA.

Results.

A number of feasibility issues were encountered in performance measure evaluation because of differences in site data collection and/or the duration of the model of care. For example, while 4/5 programs maintained clinical or research databases, chart reviews were still required to report on WT. Median WT for care in 2015 varied by site between 21 and 75 days. Yearly FU rates could only be calculated in 2 sites (combined owing to small numbers) and varied between 83% and 100%. Percentage of patients taking a DMARD and time to DMARD could be calculated in 3 models, and rates of DMARD use were between 90% and 100%, with median time to DMARD of 0 days in each.

Conclusion.

Our review has shown that even in models of care designed to improve access to care and early treatment, data to document improvements are often lacking. Where data were available for measuring, deficits in WT performance were noted for some centers. Our results highlight a need to improve reporting processes to drive quality improvement.
Analfabetismo espartano, críticas atenienses y cultura oral
Authors: Rodríguez Alcocer María del Mar
Published: June 2018

Résumé On s’attachera dans la présente étude à l’analyse des critiques athéniennes, et plus spécialement celles émises par Isocrate, sur le supposé analphabétisme des Lacédémoniens, en s’appuyant sur les formes rhétoriques et les raisons idéologiques utilisées.
Ubi tantae splendidissimae civitates ? : de la cité classique à la cité chrétienne, le cas de l’Afrique tardo-antique
Authors: Nsiri Mohamed-Arbi
Published: June 2018

Depuis la fin des années 1970, les historiens s’interrogent sur les liens qu’entretient la ville classique avec la ville chrétienne. Certains considèrent cette dernière comme une création de l’époque romaine tardive. D’autres, au contraire, défendent la thèse de la permanence du fait urbain mais tiennent pour originale la nature et les fonctions de la ville tardo-antique. S’il ne fait aucun doute que la vie urbaine après le iv e  siècle est très différente de celle du Haut Empire romain, en raison de la place dominante occupée par l’Église, de la nature nouvelle des institutions et de la composition sociale de la population, il reste néanmoins que, souvent, la ville de l’époque paléochrétienne occupe le même site que la ville de l’époque classique. L’exemple africain montre que la ville tardo-antique reste en grande partie tributaire d’une trame urbaine mise en place à l’époque classique, malgré les multiples changements qui ont marqué l’Afrique à partir du v e  siècle.
La blockchain et l'intermédiation financière
Authors: Verdier Marianne
Published: June 2018

La blockchain est une technologie permettant d'effectuer et d'enregistrer des transactions ordonnées sous format numérique dans un réseau décentralisé sans avoir recours à un tiers de confiance. Les échanges sont sécurisés par l'usage d'algorithmes de cryptographie. Dans cet article, nous étudions l'impact de cette innovation sur l'activité des intermédiaires financiers. Nous montrons que la blockchain est susceptible de réduire les coûts associés à l'intermédiation financière, entraînant une évolution du rôle du tiers de confiance pour les transactions financières. Cependant la réglementation doit encadrer son développement afin de sécuriser les échanges et de favoriser son adoption. Classification JEL : D40, G01, G21, G23, O33.
Des titres papiers aux titres digitaux
Authors: de Vauplane Hubert
Published: June 2018

Les actifs financiers constituent une part de plus en plus importante du patrimoine et de la richesse des agents économiques. De la même manière que l'économie a suivi l'évolution technologique, passant d'une économie industrielle à une économie de services, la forme sous laquelle les titres financiers sont représentés a profondément évolué au cours des cinquante dernières années, passant de titres papiers aux titres digitaux. Or les enjeux juridiques liés à cette transformation ne sont pas neutres puisqu'il ne s'agit pas moins que de déterminer la nature des droits que les titulaires de ces actifs disposent sur ceux-ci. Alors que dans leur forme papier l'analyse juridique traditionnelle considérait que les titulaires de ces titres disposaient d'un droit de propriété, dans quelle mesure leur transformation en titres dématérialisés et plus tard en titres digitaux remet-elle en cause cette qualification ? Classification JEL : G28, K22.
Régulation judiciaire et/ou administrative de la finance ?
Authors: Drummond France
Published: June 2018

Dix ans après la crise financière, le design legal de la régulation financière a évolué. Pour un œil extérieur, le changement est difficilement perceptible ; les acteurs sont les mêmes : autorité administrative indépendante et autorité judiciaire contribuent, ensemble, à la préservation de la stabilité des marchés. Mais, à bien y regarder, le prisme macroprudentiel et international qui est aujourd'hui promu modifie significativement la nature des missions de l'autorité publique, et la montée en puissance du volet répressif réhabilite le juge. Les modèles nationaux de « régulation » sont abandonnés au profit de modèles régionaux de « supervision ». En Europe, le mouvement est avéré, mais inachevé : les choix de dévolution et les modalités d'articulation des compétences entre autorités publiques et juges, entre instances locales et régionales, sont incertains. Ils doivent être redéfinis aux fins de permettre la conjugaison fluide des pouvoirs, condition de l'efficacité du dispositif. L'enjeu n'est pas seulement celui de la stabilité des marchés. Face à la menace que représente, pour les entreprises européennes, le bras armé de la supervision américaine constitué par le couple formé par la SEC et le DOJ, l'enjeu est aussi de doter l'Europe des moyens de peser et de protéger les valeurs qui la fondent. Classification JEL : K22, K23, G18, G28.
La longue marche vers l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur chinois
Authors: Vergnaud Jean-François , Palisse Alain-James
Published: June 2018

Alors que le XIX e  congrès du Parti communiste chinois (PCC) vient de consacrer la suprématie de la doctrine politique, économique et morale du président Xi Jinping, l’ordre du jour semble être plus que jamais celui d’une « ouverture contrôlée » sur l’extérieur. Dans ce cadre intellectuel et idéologique, l’université chinoise semble avoir un rôle central à jouer, et par ses origines extrinsèques et par son rôle avant-gardiste dans les rapports que la Chine contemporaine a entretenus avec l’étranger. Après avoir fait passer l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche par de nombreux stades, de l’ouverture totale à l’autarcie la plus stricte, le pouvoir chinois a confié à ses universités de nouvelles missions qu’il nous semble pertinent de replacer dans leur contexte historique. Comment la doctrine de Xi Jinping s’inscrit-elle dans l’histoire des universités chinoises et de leur internationalisation, et quelles en seront les conséquences pour leurs partenaires étrangers ?
Les évolutions de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche dans le monde
Authors: Mandon Thierry
Published: June 2018

Dans la mondialisation universitaire, la massification universitaire chinoise est une opportunité pour le développement de partenariats entre la France et l’étranger. Mais les résultats en matière de recherches franco-étrangères restent très limités. De plus, l’offre chinoise risque de faire de l’ombre à l’offre française. En effet, cette dernière est mal connue à l’étranger, à cause de l’absence d’une vision stratégique du côté de l’État qui assure la tutelle des universités et des organismes de recherche. Ceci est d’autant plus dommageable que la science est de plus en plus un enjeu essentiel des relations internationales. Ainsi, les Américains ont pleinement conscience du fait que la science est devenue une composante à la fois de l’économie et de la diplomatie. Quant à la politique européenne en matière de recherche, qui a le mérite d’exister, elle sous-estime l’apport des sciences humaines et sociales (SHS) à la compréhension du monde contemporain. La France est le quatrième pays d’accueil des étudiants étrangers dans le monde, car les études y sont encore peu onéreuses. Mais son attractivité stagne. En effet, les classements des universités ont incité les gouvernements français à investir dans les sciences « dures » au détriment des SHS. Or ces dernières sont la marque de fabrique de la France et un élément essentiel de son attractivité.
The JohnLock Conspiracy, fandom eschatology, and longing to belong
Authors: Allesøe Christensen Bo , Jensen Thessa
Published: June 2018

Using The JohnLock Conspiracy (TJLC), developed by the fandom of the BBC television series Sherlock (2010–17), as an exemplar, we analyze how the functionality of Tumblr supported the development of a fandom eschatology. In this instance, eschatology is not religious but secular: fans claimed to know what the final end of the Sherlock series was to be, and they interpreted various signs as indicating that this would happen. The infrastructure and interactive design of Tumblr as a platform creates a foundation permitting fan group radicalization. Because of Tumblr's infrastructure and gratification system, forming a tight-knit group is difficult. By developing and using eschatology as a belief system, fans create boundaries, decide membership and proper behavior, and enable the policing of other fans.
A "Glee"-ful collaboration: Academic networking in the Tumblr world
Authors: Downey Elizabeth M. , Bundy Sheryl Lyn , Shih Connie K. , Hamilton-Honey Emily
Published: June 2018

Four authors representing disparate disciplines recount their experiences meeting each other through Glee (2009–15) fandom via Tumblr, with an exploration of the popular microblogging site's utility as a platform for fan scholarship. This aspect of the site has been understudied; we thus explore the ways that Tumblr's particular culture and features support professional networking, facilitate the researching of fandom practices, and provide support mechanisms for scholars. In discussing the pleasures and challenges that Tumblr provides the acafan researcher, we weigh whether academia needs to rethink its own paradigms for audience engagement and professional development.
Tumblr and fandom
Authors: Morimoto Lori , Stein Louisa
Published: June 2018

Editorial for special issue, "Tumblr and Fandom," guest edited by Lori Morimoto and Louisa Stein.
Los micromamíferos (Eulipotyphla, Chiroptera, Rodentia y Lagomorpha) del yacimiento del Pleistoceno Superior de la cueva de El Sidrón (Asturias)
Authors: Sesé C. , De la Rasilla M. , Duarte Matías E.
Published: June 2018

En el yacimiento del Pleistoceno Superior de la cueva de El Sidrón, con una datación de ~49.000 ka, conocido por sus numerosos restos fósiles de neandertales, se han recuperado restos de micromamíferos cuyo estudio detallado se realiza en este trabajo. La asociación determinada es la siguiente: Sorex araneus–Sorex coronatus, Neomys cf. fodiens, Talpa sp., Rhinolophus euryale-Rhinolophus mehelyi, Marmota cf. marmota, Eliomys quercinus, Glis glis, Arvicola terrestris, Chionomys nivalis, Microtus arvalis-Microtus agrestis, Microtus lusitanicus, Microtus oeconomus, Clethrionomys glareolus, Apodemus sylvaticus-Apodemus flavicollis y Oryctolagus cuniculus. Estos taxones están presentes en la fauna actual de Asturias y de la región cantábrica excepto Microtus oeconomus que desapareció de la península ibérica en tiempos históricos y actualmente está en regiones euroasiáticas más septentrionales. La fauna de micromamíferos en conjunto parece indicar un medio predominantemente de espacios abiertos, generalmente de praderas de cierta humedad y desarrollo de la vegetación a nivel del suelo, aunque también habría zonas boscosas o arboladas de cierta entidad y algún curso de agua. La presencia, aunque con pocos restos, de algunas especies termófilas, y la ausencia de especies indicadores de clima frío, parecen indicar que el clima durante la formación de los depósitos fosilíferos del yacimiento sería relativamente templado y húmedo, probablemente similar al actual de la zona.
Le logis du Grand Sacristain  de l’abbaye Saint-Michel de Cuxa, Codalet (Pyrénées-Orientales)
Authors: Alessandri Patrice , Huser Astrid , Molinier Aline
Published: June 2018

Édifiée aux pieds du massif pyrénéen du Canigou, l’abbaye Saint-Michel de Cuxa constitue l’un des rares témoignages du passage de l’art préroman au roman méridional. La transformation de la fondation monastique primitive au cours du xie siècle se traduit par l’originalité des solutions architecturales mises en œuvre dans ce monument majeur du christianisme occidental.Un demi-siècle après l’arrêt des dernières fouilles, une opération archéologique portant sur le logis du Grand Sacristain a permis d’asseoir une vision nouvelle des transformations du bâti entre le xe et le xviiie siècle à partir d’une lecture pluridisciplinaire associant topographie, sondages au sol, étude du bâti et recherches documentaires. Quatre grandes phases de l’histoire de l’abbaye peuvent ainsi être dégagées.
Widespread Effects of Chemokine 3′ Untranslated Regions on mRNA Degradation and Protein Production in Human Cells
Authors: Zhao Wenxue , Erle David J.
Published: June 2018

Chemokines are a large family of chemotactic cytokines that play critical roles in inflammation, development, and diseases. Chemokine expression is highly regulated during development and in response to environmental stimuli. The 3′ untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) of mRNA are believed to be important in the control of chemokine gene expression. However, the regulatory effects of most chemokine 3′-UTRs have not been characterized previously. In this work, we systematically studied the effects of 43 CC and CXC chemokine 3′-UTRs on gene expression in eight human cell lines and two types of human primary cells. We found that chemokine 3′-UTRs had a wide spectrum of regulatory effects on mRNA abundance and protein production that were tightly correlated with the effects on mRNA stability. In general, 3′-UTRs had remarkably similar effects across all cell types studied. The presence of AU-rich elements, microRNA targets, and Pumilio binding sites were associated with chemokine 3′-UTR activity but did not fully account for all 3′-UTR activity detected using the reporter assay. Mutational analysis illustrated how specific cis-regulatory elements contributed to the regulatory effect of chemokine 3′-UTRs. These findings bring new insights into the mechanisms by which chemokine expression is regulated by 3′-UTRs.
A Patient with Persistent Consolidation and a Pulmonary Mass
Authors: Capps J , Nwosu N , Baksi S , Khalid S
Published: June 2018

Community-acquired pneumonia is a common condition and 6–24% of patients will fail to improve as expected. We present a patient who was initially treated for community-acquired pneumonia but did not make the anticipated recovery. We explore potential differentials, and the investigation and management of the rare condition we subsequently diagnosed.
Paper versus Electronic Feedback in High Stakes Assessment
Authors: Munro AJ , Cumming K , Cleland J , Denison AR , Currie GP
Published: June 2018

Tablet computers have emerged as increasingly useful tools in medical education, particularly for assessment. However, it is not fully established whether tablet computers influence the quality and/or quantity of feedback provided in high stakes assessments. It is also unclear how electronically-recorded feedback relates to student performance. Our primary aim was to determine whether differences existed in feedback depending on the tool used to record it.

Methods

We compared quantitative and qualitative feedback between paper-scoring sheets versus iPads™ across two consecutive years of a final year MBChB (UK medical degree) Objective Structured Clinical Examination. Quality of comments (using a validated five-point rating scale), number of examiner comments and number of words were compared across both methods of recording assessment performance using chi-squared analysis and independent t-test. We also explored relationships between student performance (checklist and global scoring) and feedback.

Results

Data from 190 students (2850 paper scored interactions) in 2015 and 193 (2895 iPad™ scored interactions) in 2016 were analysed. Overall, a greater number of comments were given with iPad™ compared to written (42% versus 20%; p < 0.001) but the quality of feedback did not differ significantly. For both written and electronic feedback, students with low global scores were more likely to receive comments (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The use of iPads™ in high stakes assessment increases the quantity of feedback compared to traditional paper scoring sheets. The quantity and quality of feedback for poorer performing candidates (by global score) were also better with iPad™ feedback.
Influence of the wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation on European tropospheric composition: an observational and modelling study
Authors: Pope Richard J. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Arnold Stephen R. , Glatthor Norbert , Feng Wuhu , Dhomse Sandip S. , Kerridge Brian J. , Latter Barry G. , Siddans Richard
Published: June 2018

Abstract. We have used satellite observations and a simulation from the TOMCAT chemistry transport model (CTM) to investigate the influence of the well-known wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on European tropospheric composition. Under the positive phase of the NAO (NAO-high), strong westerlies tend to enhance transport of European pollution (e.g. nitrogen oxides, NOx; carbon monoxide, CO) away from anthropogenic source regions. In contrast, during the negative phase of the NAO (NAO-low), more stable meteorological conditions lead to a build-up of pollutants over these regions relative to the wintertime average pollution levels. However, the secondary pollutant ozone shows the opposite signal of larger values during NAO-high. NAO-high introduces Atlantic ozone-enriched air into Europe, while under NAO-low westerly transport of ozone is reduced, yielding lower values over Europe. Furthermore, ozone concentrations are also decreased by chemical loss through the reaction with accumulated primary pollutants such as nitric oxide (NO) in NAO-low. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) peaks over Iceland and southern Greenland in NAO-low, between 200 and 100 hPa, consistent with the trapping by an anticyclone at this altitude. Model simulations show that enhanced PAN over Iceland and southern Greenland in NAO-low is associated with vertical transport of polluted air from the mid-troposphere into the UTLS. Overall, this work shows that NAO circulation patterns are an important governing factor for European wintertime composition and air pollution.
Effect of wind speed on the size distribution of gel particles in the sea surface microlayer: insights from a wind–wave channel experiment
Authors: Sun Cui-Ci , Sperling Martin , Engel Anja
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Gel particles, such as transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and Coomassie
stainable particles (CSP), are important organic components in the
sea surface microlayer (SML). Here, we present results on the effect of
different wind speeds on the accumulation and size distribution of TEP and
CSP during a wind wave channel experiment in the Aeolotron. Total areas of
TEP (TEPSML) and CSP (CSPSML) in the surface microlayer were
exponentially related to wind speed. At wind speeds < 6 m s−1,
accumulation of TEPSML and CSPSML occurred, decreasing at wind
speeds of > 8 m s−1. Wind speeds > 8 m s−1 also significantly altered
the size distribution of TEPSML in the 2–16 µm size range towards
smaller sizes. The response of the CSPSML size distribution to wind
speed varied through time depending on the biogenic source of gels. Wind
speeds > 8 m s−1 decreased the slope of CSPSML size distribution
significantly in the absence of autotrophic growth. For the slopes of TEP and
CSP size distribution in the bulk water, no significant difference was
observed between high and low wind speeds. Changes in spectral slopes between
high and low wind speed were higher for TEPSML than for CSPSML,
indicating that the impact of wind speed on size distribution of gel
particles in the SML may be more pronounced for TEP than for CSP, and that
CSPSML are less prone to aggregation during the low wind speeds.
Addition of an E. huxleyi culture resulted in a higher contribution
of submicron gels (0.4–1 µm) in the SML at higher wind speed
(> 6 m s−1), indicating that phytoplankton growth may potentially support
the emission of submicron gels with sea spray aerosol.
Diapycnal dissolved organic matter supply into the upper
Peruvian
oxycline
Authors: Loginova Alexandra N. , Thomsen Sören , Dengler Marcus , Lüdke Jan , Engel Anja
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) hosts the Peruvian upwelling system, which represents one of the most productive areas in the world ocean. High primary production followed by rapid heterotrophic utilization of organic matter supports the formation of one of the most intense oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) in the world ocean where dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations reach well below 1 µmol kg−1. The high productivity leads to an accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the surface layers that may serve as a substrate for heterotrophic respiration. However, the importance of DOM utilization for O2 respiration within the Peruvian OMZ remains unclear so far. Here, we evaluate the diapycnal fluxes of O2, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen, dissolved hydrolysable amino acids (DHAA) and dissolved combined carbohydrates (DCCHO) and the composition of DOM in the ETSP off Peru to learn, whether labile DOM is reaching into the core of the OMZ and how important DOM utilization might be for O2 attenuation. The observed diapycnal 2 flux (50 mmol O2 m−2 day−1 at max) was limited to the upper 80 m of the water column, the flux attenuation of ~1 µmol L−1day−1, was comparable to previously published O2 consumption rates for the North and South Pacific OMZs. The diapycnal DOM flux (31 mmol C m−2 day−1 at max) was limited to ~30 m water depth, suggesting that the labile DOM is already utilized within the upper part of the shallow oxycline off Peru. The analyses of DCCHO and DHAA composition support this finding, suggesting that DOM undergoes comprehensive remineralization already within the upper part of the oxycline, as the DOM within the core of the OMZ was found to be largely altered. Estimated by a simple equation for carbon combustion, aerobic respiration of DCCHO and DHAA, supplied by diapycnal mixing (0.46 µmol L−1 day−1 at max), could account for up to 38 % of the diapycnal O2 supply in the upper oxycline, which suggests that DOM utilization may play a significant role for shape of the upper Peruvian oxycline.
Long-range dependence in coastal framework geology: Asymmetries
and implications for barrier island resiliency
Authors: Wernette Phillipe , Houser Chris , Weymer Bradley , Everett Mark , Bishop Michael , Reece Bobby
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Barrier island transgression is influenced by the alongshore variation in beach and dune morphology, which determines the amount of sediment moved landward through washover. While several studies have demonstrated how variations in dune morphology affect island response to storms, the reasons for that variation and the implications for island management remain unclear. This paper builds on previous research by demonstrating that the framework geology can influence beach and dune morphology asymmetrically alongshore. The influence of relict paleo-channels on beach and dune morphology on Padre Island National Seashore, Texas was quantified by isolating the long-range dependence (LRD) parameter in autoregressive fractionally-integrated moving average (ARFIMA) models. ARFIMA models were fit across all scales and a moving window approach was used to examine how LRD varied with computational scale and location along the island. The resulting LRD matrices were plotted by latitude to place the results in context of previously identified variations in the framework geology. Results indicate that the LRD is not constant alongshore for all surface morphometrics. Many flares in the LRD plots correlate to relict infilled paleo-channels in the framework geology, indicating that the framework geology has a significant influence on the morphology of PAIS. Barrier island surface morphology LRD is strongest at large paleo-channels and decreases to the north. The spatial patterns in LRD surface morphometrics and framework geology variations demonstrate that the influence of paleo-channels in the framework geology can be asymmetric where the alongshore sediment transport gradient was unidirectional during island development. The asymmetric influence of framework geology on coastal morphology has long-term implications for coastal management activities because it dictates the long-term behavior of a barrier island. Coastal management projects should first seek to understand how the framework geology influences coastal processes in order to more effectively balance long-term natural variability with short-term societal pressure.
A new tracking algorithm for sea ice age distribution estimation
Authors: Korosov Anton Andreevich , Rampal Pierre , Pedersen Leif Toudal , Saldo Roberto , Ye Yufang , Heygster Georg , Lavergne Thomas , Aaboe Signe , Girard-Ardhuin Fanny
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A new algorithm for estimating sea ice age (SIA) distribution based on the
Eulerian advection scheme is presented. The advection scheme accounts for the
observed divergence or convergence and freezing or melting of sea ice and predicts
consequent generation or loss of new ice. The algorithm uses daily gridded sea
ice drift and sea ice concentration products from the Ocean and Sea Ice
Satellite Application Facility. The major advantage of the new algorithm is
the ability to generate individual ice age fractions in each pixel of the
output product or, in other words, to provide a frequency distribution of the
ice age allowing to apply mean, median, weighted average or other statistical
measures. Comparison with the National Snow and Ice Data Center SIA product
revealed several improvements of the new SIA maps and time series. First, the
application of the Eulerian scheme provides smooth distribution of the ice
age parameters and prevents product undersampling which may occur when a
Lagrangian tracking approach is used. Second, utilization of the new sea ice drift product void of
artifacts from EUMETSAT OSI SAF resulted in more
accurate and reliable spatial distribution of ice age fractions. Third,
constraining SIA computations by the observed sea ice concentration
expectedly led to considerable reduction of multi-year ice (MYI) fractions.
MYI concentration is computed as a sum of all MYI
fractions and compares well to the MYI products based on passive and active
microwave and SAR products.
“Another Victory for the Forces of Democracy”: The 1949 New Jersey Civil Rights Act
Authors: Alnutt Brian
Published: June 2018

In the middle decades of the twentieth century, African Americans in New Jersey, like those in neighboring northeastern states, suffered pervasive discrimination in public accommodations, employment, housing, and education. This was true despite the fact that New Jersey lacked the state-mandated segregation common south of the Mason-Dixon line, and also that state civil rights laws in force since the 1870s ostensibly barred most such discrimination. Beginning in the late 1930s, activists in the NAACP and allied organizations began a concerted effort to overturn segregation throughout the state. Inspired by the nation's battle against tyranny abroad during World War II and prompted by fair employment measures enacted by New York and the federal government, these advocates pressed for truly effective civil rights legislation. Supportive state officials (notably Governor Alfred Driscoll), after desegregating public schools via the new state constitution of 1947, enacted a sweeping civil rights bill in 1949 banning discrimination in public accommodations and gave enforcement power to a potent state agency. This opened hotels, restaurants, and other amenities to minorities so effectively that New Jersey's actions provided a model later followed by Pennsylvania, New York, and other neighboring states.
CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZER IN THE GROWTH OF Moringa oleifera LAM. SEEDLINGS
Authors: Rosa Thuanny Lins Monteiro , Jordaim Renan Baptista , Alexandre Rodrigo Sobreira , Araujo Caroline Palacio de , Gonçalves Fabrício Gomes , Lopes José Carlos
Published: June 2018

Moringa oleifera presents important medicinal properties, and its seeds are used to treat water for human consumption and wastewater. The aim of the present study was to analyze the initial growth of M. oleifera seedlings in enriched commercial substrate with differing doses of controlled release fertilizer. The experimental was designed in randomized blocks, with four repetitions of 16 seedlings each. The treatment used doses of controlled release fertilizer, with 0; 2; 4; 6; and 8 kg m-3 of commercial substrate. A hundred days after installing the experiment, the following characteristics were analyzed: height of the aerial part; diameter of the root collar; length; volume; and dry mass of the roots and aerial part. Additionally, the relation between the height of the aerial part and the diameter of the root collar and the Dickson quality index (DQI) were determined. The data was submitted to analysis of variance and to the Shapiro-Wilk test to verify the normality and regression. Controlled release fertilizer at a dose of 5.37 kg m-3 of substrate is recommended for M. oleifera seedling production.
INCORPORATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A FELLER-BUNCHER
Authors: Simões Danilo , Miyajima Ricardo Hideaki , Tonin Rodrigo Petrongari , Fenner Paulo Torres , Batistela Gislaine Cristina
Published: June 2018

The constant technical and economic analysis of timber harvesting operations is essential and determining, due to the monetary magnitude. Traditionally, these analyses are conducted deterministically, which does not allow obtaining values with probabilities of occurrence. Considering this issue, stochastic models were built in order to analyze the behavior of probabilistic production cost in felling operations with feller-buncher, through the Monte Carlo method. The study was conducted in the Central-West region of the state of São Paulo in a forest of Eucalyptus sp., with six years of age, planted in 3 x 2 m spacing. Technical analysis was based on the study of time and movements, which determined the effective productivity and economy in the hourly operating cost of the feller-buncher and in the production costs of the operation. Due to uncertainties, probability distributions were assigned to these results, which identified the most relevant variables and quantified the probabilities of the production cost. The results demonstrated that the fuel cost had a statistically significant strong positive correlation coefficient ( = 0.91) (p-value < 0.01). The hourly cost, consequently, was directly proportional to the production cost of the operation. The production cost of the operation in flat relief was 18% lower than the production cost of the operation in undulating relief.
Loslaten in achterdocht
Authors: van Kapel Daniël
Published: June 2018

A suspicious government

Much has been written about the decline of trust in societies: trust in governments and political systems is a popular field of research. Trust of governments in citizens however, is a relatively unknown field. This article presents a research into the trust the Dutch government has in its citizens. By conducting a discourse analysis on policy documents regarding the participation society, the degree of trust was examined. The results show that the government has trust in the capabilities of citizens, but does not trust the intentions of citizens. This results in many control measures, high transaction costs, a fragile base for public cooperation and a disturbed relationship between the government and citizens. In order to gain more trust in citizens the government has to change the way it uses language regarding citizens.
De retoriek van gun-jumping
Authors: de Jong Stijn
Published: June 2018

De retoriek van gun-jumping

In dit artikel beschrijft de auteur het fenomeen ‘gun-jumping’ (het zonder goedkeuring van de mededingingsautoriteit implementeren van meldingsplichtige concentraties) aan de hand van recente Nederlandse en Europese zaken.
Witlofkartelzaak: mededingingsregels niet van toepassing op inherente beperkingen van de taakuitoefening door erkende (unies van) producentenorganisaties
Authors: van Heezik Greetje
Published: June 2018

Witlofkartelzaak: mededingingsregels niet van toepassing op inherente beperkingen van de taakuitoefening door erkende (unies van) producentenorganisaties

Het arrest van het Hof van Justitie in de Franse witlofkartelzaak geeft de lang verwachte duidelijkheid over de mededingingsrechtelijke status van de uitoefening van de taken die het gemeenschappelijk landbouwbeleid (GLB) aan zogenoemde (unies van) producentenorganisaties (U)PO’s) opdraagt. Gelet op de pijlerfunctie die (U)PO’s in het GLB vervullen, heeft de taakuitoefening volgens het Hof van Justitie voorrang op de mededingingsregels voor zover de activiteiten van de (U)PO strikt noodzakelijk zijn voor het realiseren van de opgedragen taken. De taakuitoefening van de organisaties betrokken bij het witlofkartel voldoet volgens het Hof van Justitie niet aan deze voorwaarde en profiteert derhalve niet van de voorrangsregel.
Misleidende informatie als strekkingsbeding: ontwikkelingen in de nieuwste Hoffmann-La Roche-zaak
Authors: Hoogenboom Alexander
Published: June 2018

Misleidende informatie als strekkingsbeding: ontwikkelingen in de nieuwste Hoffmann-La Roche-zaak

In de nieuwste Hoffmann-La Roche-zaak staat de vraag centraal of een overeenkomst om misleidende informatie te verspreiden naar zijn strekking de mededinging beperkt. Bij de beantwoording van deze vraag lijkt het Hof van Justitie een nieuwe definitie van het strekkingsbeding te introduceren: er moet sprake zijn van een concurrentievervalsing die zo evident is dat er geen redelijke twijfel bestaat dat de partijen beoogden de mededinging te vervalsen. Op bepaalde punten stelt de zaak echter teleur: de redenering inzake nevenrestricties is twijfelachtig in het licht van eerdere rechtspraak, en de overwegingen inzake de relevante markt lijken niet aan te sluiten bij de economische realiteit van de (geneesmiddelen)markt.