bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Science of Graphene-Based Monoliths and Their Electrical, Mechanical, and Energy Applications
Authors: Ikram Mujtaba , Arbab Sana , Tariq Bilal , Khan Rayha , Ahmad Husnain , Khan Durran Abdullah , Ikram Muhammad , Aamir Iqbal Muhammad , Maqsood Asghari
Published: September 2020

Ceramic monoliths are applied in many insulating and high resistive engineering applications, but the energy application of ceramics monoliths is still vacant due to less conductivity of monolithic ceramics (for example, in silica- and alumina-based hybrids). This book chapter is a significant contribution in the graphene industry as it explains some novel and modified fabrication techniques for ceramics-graphene hybrids. The improved physical properties may be used to set ceramics-graphene hybrids as a standard for electrical, mechanical, thermal, and energy applications. Further, silica-rGO hybrids may be used as dielectric materials for high-temperature applications due to improved dielectric properties. The fabricated nano-assembly is important for a technological point of view, which may be further applied as electrolytes, catalysts, and conductive, electrochemically active, and dielectric materials for the high-temperature applications. In the end, this chapter discussed porous carbon as a massive source of electrochemical energy for supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. Carbon materials which are future of energy storage devices because of their ability to store energy in great capacity, so sustainability through smart materials got a huge potential, so hereby keeping in view all the technological aspects, this chapters sums up important contribution of graphene and porous carbon for applied applications.
Impact of ICT to Improve of the Manufacturing in a SME Biomedical of Mexicali, Mexico
Authors: Carlos Valdés Hernández Roberto , Gabriel Lopez Hernandez Juan , Figueroa Villanueva Adelaida , Amaro Ortega Vidblain
Published: September 2020

This work presents a way to optimize the manufacturing processes in a small biomedical industry considered in the micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (SME) group and located in the Mexicali city, using a specialized software that act as design and test of a new model, being the COSIMIR (Cell Oriented Simulation of Industrial Robots) software. With this software was designed a new industrial process in a workstation separated of the main step of a manufacturing line, where are fabricated biomechanical knees pads. The process was made as a manual activity in a work station and had to be separated from the conveyor belt of the main activities, because where previously made by an automatized device that was failing continually and was delaying the delivery to the next steps of the manufacturing processes and to the customers as a final product fabricated in this industry. In this place of the company, an operation was made to organize the biomechanical knee in a plastic container with divisions and to be transported safe and quickly to other area by a conveyor belt with linear process flow. The investigation was conducted from 2018 to 2019.
Evaluation Of Patients With Previous C/S + Plasenta Previa Totalis İn 2017
Authors: FİNDİK Fatih Mehmet , IÇEN Mehmet Sait , YAMAN TUNÇ Senem , AĞAÇAYAK Elif , EVSEN Mehmet Siddik , YALİNKAYA Ahmet
Published: September 2020

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to transfer different aspects from the literature in the management of patients who applied to our hospital with the diagnosis of placenta previa in 2017.

Metods: Patients who were admitted to our hospital in 2017 with a diagnosis of PP and who had undergone at least one previous cesarean section were included in the study.

Results: A total of 110 patients with the diagnosis of PP underwent surgery. The mean age of the patients was 33.02 ± 5.1 years. Spinal anesthesia was applied to 94 (85.5%) patients. An abdominal Pfannenstiel incision was performed in 107 (97.3%) patients. A total of four (3.6%) patients underwent hysterectomy. A total of 95 (86.4%) patients had accrete.

Conclusion: In conclusion, caesarean hysterectomy is recommended in patients with PP, especially those with accreta, however, the number of conservative treatment options has increased in recent years. Conservative surgery, which is frequently used in our clinic, is a comfortable option for the patient, and uterine-preserving surgery is very important for the preservation of fertility.
Treatment management of giant retroperitoneal localized liposarcoma
Authors: BİLGE Hüseyin , BAŞOL Ömer , RENÇBER Mehmet , YAMAN Gizem , OĞUZ Abdullah
Published: September 2020

Liposarcoma is a tumor that reaches large diameters inside soft tissue tumors. It is rare. It is more common in people between the ages of 40-60. Liposacoma patients are mostly asymptomatic, so their diagnosis may be delayed.

A 65-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic. She had complaints of mass and pain in her abdomen. Abdominal examination revealed a mass extending to the pelvic area. The patient was evaluated by examination and radiology. Retroperitoneal liposarcoma diagnosed. Since the mass captured the left colon and kidney, the patient underwent left nephrectomy and left hemicolectomy. After histological and immunohistochemical examination, the patient was diagnosed with well-differentiated liposarcoma. The patient was evaluated with abdominal and pelvic computed tomography at the postoperative 4th month. No recurrence was observed in computed tomography scans. With the review of the literature, we found that the giant well-differentiated liposarcoma case extending into the pelvic region was scarce.

In this study, a rare case with giant well-differentiated liposarcoma that fills the abdomen almost completely is presented and the clinical features and surgical management of these tumors are discussed.
Models of the macroseismic field earthquakes and their influence on seismic hazard assessment values for Central Asia
Authors: Artikov T. U. , Ibragimov R. S. , Ibragimova T. L. , Mirzaev M. A.
Published: September 2020

Seismic intensity assessment in points of a macroseismic scale plays an important role for researching the seismic history of areas characterized by active seismicity, as well as for construction (and updating) of seismic zoning maps in various scales. Macroseismic scale points are generally referred to in construction standards applied in the majority of post-Soviet states. In our study aimed to model the macroseismic field of earthquakes, a large volume of macroseismic data on Central Asia was analyzed, and coefficients used in Blake–Shebalin and Covesligeti equations were aligned. This article presents a generalized dependence model of macroseismic intensity attenuation with distance. The model takes into account seismic load features determined by various depths of earthquakes. The ratios of small and big axes of the ellipse, that approximates real isoseists, are estimated with respect to seismic scale points, earthquake depths and magnitudes. The East Uzbekistan area is studied as an example to investigate whether seismic hazard assessment values may differ depending on a chosen law of seismic influence intensity attenuation with distance.
Hedgehog signaling is required for endomesodermal patterning and germ cell development in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Chen Cheng-Yi , McKinney Sean A , Ellington Lacey R , Gibson Matthew C
Published: September 2020

Two distinct mechanisms for primordial germ cell (PGC) specification are observed within Bilatera: early determination by maternal factors or late induction by zygotic cues. Here we investigate the molecular basis for PGC specification inNematostella, a representative pre-bilaterian animal where PGCs arise as paired endomesodermal cell clusters during early development. We first present evidence that the putative PGCs delaminate from the endomesoderm upon feeding, migrate into the gonad primordia, and mature into germ cells. We then show that the PGC clusters arise at the interface betweenhedgehog1andpatcheddomains in the developing mesenteries and use gene knockdown, knockout and inhibitor experiments to demonstrate that Hh signaling is required for both PGC specification and general endomesodermal patterning. These results provide evidence that theNematostellagermline is specified by inductive signals rather than maternal factors, and support the existence of zygotically-induced PGCs in the eumetazoan common ancestor.
MondoA regulates gene expression in cholesterol biosynthesis-associated pathways required for zebrafish epiboly
Authors: Weger Meltem , Weger Benjamin D , Schink Andrea , Takamiya Masanari , Stegmaier Johannes , Gobet Cédric , Parisi Alice , Kobitski Andrei Yu , Mertes Jonas , Krone Nils , Strähle Uwe , Nienhaus Gerd Ulrich , Mikut Ralf , Gachon Frédéric , Gut Philipp , Dickmeis Thomas
Published: September 2020

The glucose-sensing Mondo pathway regulates expression of metabolic genes in mammals. Here, we characterized its function in the zebrafish and revealed an unexpected role of this pathway in vertebrate embryonic development. We showed that knockdown ofmondoaimpaired the early morphogenetic movement of epiboly in zebrafish embryos and caused microtubule defects. Expression of genes in the terpenoid backbone and sterol biosynthesis pathways upstream of pregnenolone synthesis was coordinately downregulated in these embryos, including the most downregulated genensdhl. Loss of Nsdhl function likewise impaired epiboly, similar to MondoA loss of function. Both epiboly and microtubule defects were partially restored by pregnenolone treatment. Maternal-zygotic mutants ofmondoashowed perturbed epiboly with low penetrance and compensatory changes in the expression of terpenoid/sterol/steroid metabolism genes. Collectively, our results show a novel role for MondoA in the regulation of early vertebrate development, connecting glucose, cholesterol and steroid hormone metabolism with early embryonic cell movements.
National curriculum policy in Norway and Brazil
Authors: Lennert da Silva Ana Lucia , Parish Karen
Published: September 2020

This paper addressed in what ways national curriculum policy in Norway and Brazil adopted the global accountability logic of which OECD and other international organizations are proponents. It borrowed from an institutional logics perspective to explain the complexity found within the accountability logic across these two nation-states. The method used was thematic analysis of the national curriculum policy. The findings revealed that national curriculum policy is informed by the international context, but translated within national contexts. Norway elaborated the accountability logic to encompass multiple aspects of this logic that reinforced each other to create a cohesive policy. In Brazil, tensions between different social groups resulted in a curriculum policy with contradictory aspects of the accountability logic. The translations of the global accountability logic reflected the context-specific features of each country and illustrated both homogeneity and heterogeneity that still exists in different educational contexts.
The lemur baseline: how lemurs compare to monkeys and apes in the Primate Cognition Test Battery
Authors: Fichtel Claudia , Dinter Klara , Kappeler Peter M.
Published: September 2020

Primates have relatively larger brains than other mammals even though brain tissue is energetically costly. Comparative studies of variation in cognitive skills allow testing of evolutionary hypotheses addressing socioecological factors driving the evolution of primate brain size. However, data on cognitive abilities for meaningful interspecific comparisons are only available for haplorhine primates (great apes, Old- and New World monkeys) although strepsirrhine primates (lemurs and lorises) serve as the best living models of ancestral primate cognitive skills, linking primates to other mammals. To begin filling this gap, we tested members of three lemur species (Microcebus murinus, Varecia variegata, Lemur catta) with the Primate Cognition Test Battery, a comprehensive set of experiments addressing physical and social cognitive skills that has previously been used in studies of haplorhines. We found no significant differences in cognitive performance among lemur species and, surprisingly, their average performance was not different from that of haplorhines in many aspects. Specifically, lemurs’ overall performance was inferior in the physical domain but matched that of haplorhines in the social domain. These results question a clear-cut link between brain size and cognitive skills, suggesting a more domain-specific distribution of cognitive abilities in primates, and indicate more continuity in cognitive abilities across primate lineages than previously thought.
Characterization of a high-resolution breath acetone meter for ketosis monitoring
Authors: Suntrup III Donald J. , Ratto Timothy V. , Ratto Matt , McCarter James P.
Published: September 2020

Background

The ketone bodies beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetone are endogenous products of fatty acid metabolism. Although ketone levels can be monitored by measuring either blood BHB or breath acetone, determining the precise correlation between these two measurement methods has been challenging. The purpose of this study is to characterize the performance of a novel portable breath acetone meter (PBAM) developed by Readout, Inc., to compare single versus multiple daily ketone measurements, and to compare breath acetone (BrAce) and blood BHB measurements.

Methods

We conducted a 14-day prospective observational cohort study of 21 subjects attempting to follow either a low-carbohydrate/ketogenic or a standard diet. Subjects were asked to concurrently measure both blood BHB and BrAce five times per day and report the results using an online data entry system. We evaluated the utility of multiple daily measurements by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV) for each daily group of measurements. We calculated the correlation between coincident BrAce and blood BHB measurements using linear ordinary least squares regression analysis. We assessed the ability of the BrAce measurement to accurately predict blood BHB states using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Finally, we calculated a daily ketone exposure (DKE) using the area under the curve (AUC) of a ketone concentration versus time graph and compared the DKE of BrAce and blood BHB using linear ordinary least squares regression.

Results

BrAce and blood BHB varied throughout the day by an average of 44% and 46%, respectively. The BrAce measurement accurately predicted whether blood BHB was greater than or less than the following thresholds: 0.3 mM (AUC = 0.898), 0.5 mM (AUC = 0.854), 1.0 mM (AUC = 0.887), and 1.5 mM (AUC = 0.935). Coincident BrAce and blood BHB measurements were moderately correlated with R2 = 0.57 (P < 0.0001), similar to literature reported values. However, daily ketone exposures, or areas under the curve, for BrAce and blood BHB were highly correlated with R2 = 0.80 (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The results validated the performance of the PBAM. The BrAce/BHB correlation was similar to literature values where BrAce was measured using highly accurate lab instruments. Additionally, BrAce measurements using the PBAM can be used to predict blood BHB states. The relatively high daily variability of ketone levels indicate that single blood or breath ketone measurements are often not sufficient to assess daily ketone exposure for most users. Finally, although single coincident blood and breath ketone measurements show only a moderate correlation, possibly due to the temporal lag between BrAce and blood BHB, daily ketone exposures for blood and breath are highly correlated.
Analysis of the infant gut microbiome reveals metabolic functional roles associated with healthy infants and infants with atopic dermatitis using metaproteomics
Authors: Kingkaw Amornthep , Nakphaichit Massalin , Suratannon Narissara , Nitisinprasert Sunee , Wongoutong Chantha , Chatchatee Pantipa , Krobthong Sucheewin , Charoenlappanit Sawanya , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Vongsangnak Wanwipa
Published: September 2020

The infant gut microbiome consists of a complex and diverse microbial community. Comprehensive taxonomic and metabolic functional knowledge about microbial communities supports medical and biological applications, such as fecal diagnostics. Among the omics approaches available for the investigation of microbial communities, metaproteomics-based analysis is a very powerful approach; under this method, the activity of microbial communities is explored by investigating protein expression within a sample. Through use of metaproteomics, this study aimed to investigate the microbial community composition of the infant gut to identify different key proteins playing metabolic functional roles in the microbiome of healthy infants and infants with atopic dermatitis in a Thai population-based birth cohort. Here, 18 fecal samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to conduct taxonomic, functional, and pathway-based protein annotation. Accordingly, 49,973 annotated proteins out of 68,232 total proteins were investigated in gut microbiome samples and compared between the healthy and atopic dermatitis groups. Through differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) analysis, 130 significant DEPs were identified between the healthy and atopic dermatitis groups. Among these DEPs, eight significant proteins were uniquely expressed in the atopic dermatitis group. For instance, triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) inBifidobacteriaceaein the genusAlloscardoviaand demethylmenaquinone methyltransferase (DMM) inBacteroideswere shown to potentially play metabolic functional roles related to disease. PPI network analysis revealed seven reporter proteins showing metabolic alterations between the healthy and disease groups associated with the biosynthesis of ubiquinone and other quinones as well as the energy supply. This study serves as a scaffold for microbial community-wide metabolic functional studies of the infant gut microbiome in relation to allergic disease.
Influence of Date of Sowing on Growth and Yield Performance of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes
Authors: Ahmed Bulbul , Hasan Ahmed Khairul , Karmakar Biswajit , Hasan Md. Sahed , Akter Fahamida , Saha Parth Sarothi , Haq Md. Ehsanul
Published: September 2020

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during October 2014 to March 2015 to study the growth and yield performance of field pea varieties as influenced by date of sowing. The experiment comprised of two factors namely, date of sowing and variety. Date of sowing comprised of 29 October, 13 November and 28 November and the variety comprised of BARI motor-1, BADC motor-1, Natore local and Narail local. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The results indicate that all the growth characters were varied significantly at different days after. Those growth characters except leaf area index were highest for the crop sown on 28 November. The growth characters were highest in variety Natore local and lowest in Narail local except dry matter it was lowest in BADC motor-1. The interaction effect of 28 November sowing, Natore local was highest for all of the growth parameters except leaf area index it was highest on 13 November sowing and the interaction on 29 October sowing BARI motor-1 gave the lowest value. Most of the yield contributing parameters significantly affected by sowing date. The highest seed yield (827.7 kg ha-1) and other yield contributing characters were found on early sowing (13 November) and the lowest seed yield (534 kg ha-1) and other yield contributing characters was at 28 November sowing. Variety had significant effect on yield and yield contributing parameters. The highest seed yield (1032.2 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (3221.35 kg ha-1) was obtained from Natore local while Narail local gave lowest (469.1 kg ha-1) seed yield and lowest Stover yield. The interaction of 13 November with Natore local gave the highest seed yield (1319.3 kg ha-1) and lowest seed yield was produced by Narail local (330.35 kg ha-1) by late sowing (28 November). It can be concluded that, vegetative growth were highest at 28 November sowing and yield components gave highest value on 13 November sowing. Highest yield was produced by Natore local at 13 November sowing but yield was reduced drastically when the crop sown on 28 November. So, it is clear that the optimum date of sowing for field pea is at 13 November.
Financial Distress Prediciton on Property, Construction, and Real Estate Companies Listed in BEI
Authors: Ongkowidjojo Alberto Orson , Njo Anastasia , Budiman Januar
Published: September 2020

The slowing of economic growth in Indonesia could cause financial distress for companies in property, construction and real estate sectors as these companies has enormous amount of GDP contributions in Indonesia. These difficulties are related to companies being able to accomplish all its responsibilities in short nor long terms. In assessing financial status of a company, discriminant analysis could be of use to see financial ratio such as liquidity ratio, profitability, activity and solvability. This research consists of comparative and sample pulling technique towards 81 population in multiple sectors such as property, construction and real estate. Data collection method by documentation.  Discriminant analysis results depicts that liquidity ratio(CA/CL), profitability (EBIT/TA and NI/SALES), activity (SALES/TA), and solvability (BV/TL and TL/EQUITY) could be used to distinguish which company are experiencing financial distress and which are not.
Design process of Yonago Public Hall by T. Murano–Mori Architect Office: Reconstruction of formal manipulations through morphological analysis of design sketches and drawings
Authors: Tomioka Yoshito , Furuta Kaho , Tabata Chikako
Published: September 2020

The objectives of this study are to reconstruct the design process of the Yonago Public Hall (1958) by T. Murano–Mori Architect Office and to reveal the architects' formal manipulations conducted under strategic design thinking. The study materials are the original design sketches that are in the possession of the Museum and Archives, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Japan. Initially, the chronological order of the design sketches was established by inspecting their dates and analyzing their formal similarities. Furthermore, the transformability (variations or changes of architectural form presented in a certain state of design) of each “study” (subdivided partial process in design) was analyzed and interpreted. Finally, the architects' formal manipulations were reconstructed and presented, and relevant design intentions were revealed.
Deep neural network for detecting earthquake damage to brace members installed in a steel frame
Authors: Yamashita Takuzo , Kohiyama Masayuki , Watanabe Kenta
Published: September 2020

We are developing an artificial intelligence system for structural health monitoring that can detect local damage in a building structure by using the E‐Simulator numerical simulation system that is being developed by the Japanese National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience. In this study, we confirmed the applicability of a multiclass classifier using a deep neural network to address the problem of identifying damage patterns in braces installed in a steel frame. Experimental data obtained from shaking table tests were used for training and testing. Cross‐validation tests were conducted for several cases with different numbers of sensors, sensor degrees of freedom, and nodes in the hidden layers of the network. The results demonstrated that the accuracy of the damage pattern detection from the constructed classifier exceeded 77% when the appropriate hidden layers were selected and reached 87.9% for the best case.
Syntrophobacteraceae
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: September 2020

Syn.tro.pho.bac.te.ra.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Syntrophobacter
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Syntrophobacteraceae
, the family of
Syntrophobacter
.

Desulfobacterota / Syntrophobacteria / Syntrophobacterales / Syntrophobacteraceae

Cells are oval to slightly curved and rod shaped and occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motility varies depending on the strain. Strict anaerobes with respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic. The electron donors and carbon sources used depend on the genus. Most genera (except
Syntrophobacter
and
Syntrophobacterium
) completely oxidize carbon sources to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Chemolithoautotrophic growth occurs. Sulfate, thiosulfate, and sometimes sulfite can serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Some species can grow in coculture with H
2
‐scavenging partners (
Desulfoglaeba, Syntrophobacter
, and
Syntrophobacterium
). Mesophilic and some members thermophilic. Neutrophilic, with optimal pH range of 6.8–7.6. The major menaquinone and the cellular fatty acids have rarely been measured. The family currently accommodates seven genera
Desulfacinum
,
Desulfoglaeba
,
Desulforhabdus
,
Desulfosoma
,
Desulfovirga
,
Syntrophobacter
, and
Syntrophobacterium
. The type genus
Syntrophobacter
was isolated from an anaerobic sludge reactor fed with propionate. Members of this family can be found in various anoxic habitats.

DNA G + C content (mol%):
52.5–62.0 (genome, LC,
T
m
).

Type genus:
Syntrophobacter
Boone and Bryant 1980, VL15.
Desulfosalsimonadaceae fam. nov.
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan , Whitman William B.
Published: September 2020

De.sul.fo.sal.si.mo.na.da.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Desulfosalsimonas
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfosalsimonadaceae
, the family of
Desulfosalsimonas
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfosalsimonadaceae fam. nov.

Cells are rod shaped and occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motility might occur depending on the species. Strict anaerobes with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic. Propionate and butyrate (used by all members) or other short‐chain fatty acids or simple organic compounds are used as electron donors and carbon sources and are oxidized to CO
2
(most likely via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Some members are obligately alkaliphilic with a pH optimum for growth between 9.0 and 10.0 (
Desulfonatronobacter
); others are neutrophilic with an optimal pH of 7.0 (
Desulfosalsimonas
). Moderately halophilic (
Desulfonatronobacter
) or obligately halophilic (
Desulfosalsimonas
). Mesophilic; the optimal temperature range for growth is between 35 and 40°C. The major menaquinone and the cellular fatty acids are only known for the genus
Desulfonatronobacter
. The family currently accommodates the genera
Desulfosalsimonas
and
Desulfonatronobacter
. Occurs in anoxic sediments of hypersaline lakes.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 53.5–54.1 (
T
m
, LC).

Type genus
:
Desulfosalsimonas
Kjeldsen et al. 2010
VP
.
Cobetia
Authors: Ventosa Antonio , Arahal David R.
Published: September 2020

Co.be′ti.a. N.L. fem. n.
Cobetia
named after A. B. Cobet, who originally described the type species as “
Arthrobacter marinus
.”

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Halomonadaceae / Cobetia

The genus
Cobetia
is classified within the family
Halomonadaceae
and the order
Oceanospirillales
, in the class
Gammaproteobacteria
. The cells stain Gram‐negative and are motile and non‐endospore‐forming rods. Colonies are cream, white, or light yellow pigmented. Chemoorganotrophic. Strictly aerobic. Catalase‐positive and oxidase‐negative. Optimal growth at 5–6.5% (w/v) NaCl, at pH 6.5–8.5 and 25–38°C. The predominant cellular fatty acids are C
16:1
ω7
c
, C
16:0
, C
12:0
3‐OH, C
18:1
ω7
c
, and C
17:0
cyclo. The DNA G + C content is 61.4–64.6 mol%. Currently, the genus includes five species:
Cobetia marina
(type species of the genus),
Cobetia amphilecti
,
Cobetia crustatorum
,
Cobetia litoralis,
and
Cobetia pacifica
. The strains of these species were isolated from marine environments, marine sediments, marine invertebrates, and fermented seafood.

DNA G + C content (mol%):
61.4–64.6 according to wet‐lab methods, 57.3–63.2 in genomic sequences.

Type species:
Cobetia marina
(Cobet et al. 1970) Arahal et al. 2002a VL88, emend. Romanenko et al. 2013.
Thermodesulfatator
Authors: L'Haridon Stéphane , Reysenbach Anna‐Louise
Published: September 2020

Ther.mo.de.sul.fa.ta'tor. Gr. masc. adj.
thermos
, hot; N.L. masc. n.
desulfatator
, sulfate reducer; N.L. masc. n.
Thermodesulfatator
, thermophilic sulfate reducer.

Thermodesulfobacteria / Thermodesulfobacteria / Thermodesulfobacteriales / Thermodesulfobacteriaceae / Thermodesulfatator

Members of the genus
Thermodesulfatator
are anaerobic, thermophilic, and sulfate‐reducing chemolithoautotrophic bacteria. Gram‐negative rods with one polar flagellum. Known habitats are deep‐sea hydrothermal vents. The genus
Thermodesulfatator
consists of three species with validly published names,
T. indicus, T. atlanticus
,
and T. autotrophicus
. Genome sizes are in the range 2.27–2.32 Mb, and DNA G + C content varies between 42.4 and 45 mol%.
Thermodesulfatator
spp. are members of the phylum/class
Thermodesulfobacteria
, order
Thermodesulfobacteriales
, and family
Thermodesulfobacteriaceae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 42.4–45 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Thermodesulfatator indicus
Moussard et al. 2004.
Halegenticoccus
Authors: Rao Manik Prabhu Narsing , Liu Bing‐Bing , Li Wen‐Jun
Published: September 2020

Hal.e.gen.ti.coc'cus. Gr. masc. n.
hals
, salt; L. part. adj.
egens
, needy; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
from Gr. masc. n.
kokkos
, a berry a coccus; N.L. masc. n.
Halegenticoccus
the salt‐needy coccus; referring to the high level of salt requirement.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Haloferacaceae / Halegenticoccus

The genus
Halegenticoccus
is classified within the family
Haloferacaceae
. Phylogenetically, it is closely related to the genus
Haloprofundus
. Cells are Gram‐negative, coccoid, and nonmotile. Grow aerobically at 25–50°C, in the presence of 10–35% (w/v) NaCl, and pH 6.0–8.0. The polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methylester, sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether, mannosyl glucosyldiether, and four unidentified glycolipids.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 66.9 (WGS).

Type species
:
Halegenticoccus soli
Liu et al. 2019
VP
.
Association of genetic variants in migraineurs with and without restless legs syndrome
Authors: Lin Guan‐Yu , Lin Yu‐Kai , Liang Chih‐Sung , Lee Jiunn‐Tay , Tsai Chia‐Lin , Hung Kuo‐Sheng , Luo Wen‐Jie , Tsai Chia‐Kuang , Hsu Yu‐Wei , Ho Tsung‐Han , Yang Fu‐Chi
Published: September 2020

Objective

Several single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS). This study investigated whether or not additional SNP variants increase the risk of RLS in migraineurs and in migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MoA) subgroups.

Methods

Migraineurs with and without RLS were genotyped using an Affymetrix array. We performed association analyses for the entire cohort and the MA and MoA subgroups, which were divided further into episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM). Potential correlations between SNPs and clinical indices in migraineurs with RLS were examined by multivariate regression analysis.

Results

The rs77234324 and rs79004933 SNPs were found in migraineurs with (P = 2.57E‐07) and without (P = 3.03E‐07) RLS. The A allele frequency for rs77234324 (on LGR6) was 0.1321 in migraineurs with RLS and 0.0166 in those without RLS (odds ratio, 8.978). The T allele frequency for rs79004933 (in the intergenic region) was 0.1981 in migraineurs with RLS and 0.0446 in those without (odds ratio, 5.281). rs2858654, rs76770509, rs4243475 in UTRN, rs150762626, and rs2668375 were identified in migraine with and without RLS in the MoA subgroup (P = 7.56E‐09, P = 2.30E‐08, P = 1.19E‐07, P = 6.86E‐07, and P = 8.05E‐07, respectively). There was a suggestion of an association between rs10510331 (P = 1.50E‐06) and CM and EM in patients with MoA and RLS. Multivariate regression showed a significant relationship between rs79004933 and the Beck Depression Inventory score.

Interpretation

rs77234324 in LGR6 and rs79004933 in the intergenic region were associated with RLS in migraineurs. Five SNPs increased the risk of RLS in patients with MoA.
Stand‐Alone Intrinsically Stretchable Electronic Device Platform Powered by Stretchable Rechargeable Battery
Authors: Song Woo‐Jin , Kong Minsik , Cho Sunghwan , Lee Sangyeop , Kwon Jimin , Son Hye Bin , Song Jun Hyuk , Lee Dong‐Gue , Song Gyujin , Lee Sang‐Young , Jung Sungjune , Park Soojin , Jeong Unyong
Published: September 2020

Stretchable electronics have been considered a key technology in wearable and implantable medical devices. Although substantial advances have been made in key stretchable components, a stretchable electronic platform that integrates a stretchable power source and a stretchable printed circuit board (SPCB) has been a great challenge. Here, an intrinsically stretchable electronic device platform powered by a stretchable film battery is proposed so that the platform can be used as a stand‐alone. The stretchable battery is used as a substrate for manufacturing device platforms where SPCB is printed and directly connected through via holes, thereby enabling an increase in integrated devices density. To achieve an intrinsically stretchable battery and high‐performance circuit board, a novel concept of stretchable, self‐healable, and pressure‐sensitive polymer composite is designed. The platform is water‐proof and maintains its stable electrical performance under extreme physical deformations. As a proof of concept, the integration of light‐emitting diodes on the platform that can operate at large biaxial strain (125%) underwater is demonstrated.
Form‐Factor Free 3D Copper Circuits by Surface‐Conformal Direct Printing and Laser Writing
Authors: Jo Yejin , Park Hye Jin , Kim Young‐Bin , Lee Sun Sook , Lee Su Yeon , Kim Sun‐Kyung , Choi Youngmin , Jeong Sunho
Published: September 2020

Recently, the fabrication of 3D circuits has attracted significant attention in the context of the realization of a new‐generation of printed electronics. In particular, form‐factor free Cu conductors have been recognized as the key to a constituent layer that can interconnect on demand a variety of active/passive components on arbitrarily designable platforms. However, even with their characteristic advantages of cost‐effectiveness and high electrical conductivity, 3D printed Cu circuits have been not suggested, owing to the difficulty of suppressing undesirable oxidation reactions and the absence of appropriate strategies for transforming the 3D particulate layers into device‐quality conductive ones. In this study, multidimensional particles are proposed that allow for deep penetration of incident photons in the surface‐conformal laser writing process, mechanisms of which are fully clarified based on an optical simulation‐based physical interpretation. The critical factors determining the electrical properties are elucidated through a spectroscopy‐based investigation for 3D structured Cu conductors. It is demonstrated that 16.5 µm thick Cu features (with values of resistivity and resistance of 15 µΩ cm and 0.91 Ω cm−1, respectively) can be created simply by successive 3D printing and laser writing processes, facilitating a user‐friendly design of low‐cost, high performance, form‐factor free electrical circuits.
Highly Crystalline PEDOT Nanofiber Templated by Highly Crystalline Nanocellulose
Authors: Zhou Shengyang , Qiu Zhen , Strømme Maria , Wang Zhaohui
Published: September 2020

Packing conjugated conducting polymer chains into long‐range order can significantly boost their carrier‐transport properties, allowing the design and enhancing the performance of applications in next‐generation flexible electronics, energy storage, etc. However, strategies for organizing molecular chains have hitherto been challenging and have been associated with poor reprocessability. This paper discusses the development and application of highly crystalline poly(3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanofibers. These highly conductive PEDOT nanofibers possess well‐defined quasi‐one‐dimensional topology combined with highly ordered molecular chain arrangements as a result of interface‐induced morphological shaping followed by recrystallization induced by Cladophora cellulose. The nanofibers are also easily dispersible and able to be reprocessed in aqueous solution. The multiple functionalities of these PEDOT nanofibers are demonstrated by using them as building blocks for applications such as 1D assembled microfibers in an ultra‐sensitive strain sensor, 2D papers for electrochemical energy storage, and 3D aerogels for simultaneous solar‐thermal distillation and thermoelectricity generation. The methods discussed here can be the basis of a new avenue for regulating the molecular structure of, processing, and discovering applications for conjugated conducting polymers.
A Tailorable Spray‐Assembly Strategy of Silver Nanowires‐Bundle Mesh for Transferable High‐Performance Transparent Conductor
Authors: Xiong Jiaqing , Li Shaohui , Ciou Jing‐Hao , Chen Jingwei , Gao Dace , Wang Jiangxin , Lee Pooi See
Published: September 2020

Achieving a well tradeoff between electrical and optical performances remains challenging for conventional silver nanowires (AgNWs) random network conductors. An innovative AgNW‐bundle mesh (AgBM) composed of exquisite knots and abundant open area is realized by one‐step spray‐assembly at room temperature, showing high optoelectronic performance. A dynamic assembly mechanism based on the spray assembly of isopropanol‐based AgNWs ink is revealed, ensuring a favorable coffee‐ring effect dominated by the capillary flow rather than Marangoni reflux, driving the AgNWs to deposit at the edges of droplets. The initially formed AgNW‐bundle rings serve as template to constrain the movement of AgNWs from the subsequent droplets, rendering scalable and continuous accumulation of nanowires to produce a connective AgBM. The controlling factors of surface tension of substrates and ink, wettability, spreading and pinning effect of the ink droplets, as well as tunable assembly driving force determined by spraying rate are revealed, realizing an universal spray‐assembly strategy for tailorable fabrication of AgBMs using AgNWs with different sizes in diameter (20–120 nm) and length (20–200 µm). Thicker AgBMs could reduce the sheet resistance without severe sacrifice of transparency. Thinner AgNW‐bundles/knots with better electrical connection can be realized from the finer and longer AgNWs, delivering higher optoelectronic performance.
A Review on Micro/Nanoforming to Fabricate 3D Metallic Structures
Authors: Xu Jie , Wang Xinwei , Wang Chuanjie , Yuan Lin , Chen Wanji , Bao Jianxing , Su Qian , Xu Zhenhai , Wang Chunju , Wang Zhenlong , Shan Debin , Guo Bin
Published: September 2020

With the rapid development of micro‐electromechanical systems (MEMS), micro/nanoscale fabrication of 3D metallic structures with complex structures and multifunctions is becoming more and more important due to the recent trend of product miniaturization. As a promising micromanufacturing approach based on plastic deformation, micro/nanoforming shows the attractive advantages of high productivity, low cost, near‐net‐shape, and excellent mechanical properties, compared with other non‐silicon‐based micromanufacturing technologies. However, micro/nanoforming is far less established due to the so‐called size effects in terms of materials models, process laws, tooling design, etc. The understanding of basic issues on micro/nanoforming is not yet mature, and it is currently a topic of rigorous investigation. Here, a systematic review on the micro/nanoforming processes of 3D structures with multifunctional properties is presented, wherein also a critical examination of the interplay between relevant length scales and size effects affecting the structural integrity of micro/mesoscale metallic systems is also provided. Finally, the challenges of micro/nanoscale fabrication are proposed, including the development trends of new micro/nanoforming processes, multiple field coupling effects, and theoretical modeling at the trans‐scale.
Synthesis of Azulenopyridinones through Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative [4+2] Cyclization Reactions of N‐Methoxyazulene‐1‐ and 2‐carboxamides with Alkynes
Authors: Han Gi Uk , Son Jeong‐Yu , Park Dahee , Eom Hyeonsik , Lee Kyungsup , Noh Hee Chan , Lee Kooyeon , Lee Phil Ho
Published: September 2020

Palladium‐catalyzed oxidative [4+2] cyclization reactions were developed from the C−H activation reaction of N‐methoxyazulene‐1‐ and 2‐carboxamides with symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes under a molecular oxygen atmosphere, producing azulenopyridinone derivatives with novel azulene skeletons in good to excellent yields with a wide substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance.

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Construction of Boronated γ‐Lactams via Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Boryldifluoroalkylation of Alkenes
Authors: Lin Wu‐Jie , Wang Yu‐Zhao , Zou Jian‐Yu , Zhao Yi‐Chuan , Wang Jin‐Lin , Liu Xue‐Yuan
Published: September 2020

An approach for the preparation of boronated γ‐lactams via palladium‐catalyzed boryldifluoroalkylation of alkenes with α‐bromodifluoroacetamides was developed. This method exhibits good functional group tolerance. Various boronated products were obtained in moderate to good yields for 1 h. Mechanistic studies indicated that this reaction may involve an intramolecular radical cascade cyclization process.

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Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Poly‐p‐Phenylene Terephthalamide Fibers for Toughness Improvement: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Mao Zebei , Li Tong , Zhang Ke , Li Dongyu , Zhou Caihua , Ren Mingfa , Gu Yuantong , Wang Bo
Published: September 2020

Poly‐p‐phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) fibers, such as DuPont's Kevlar fiber, are widely used in various fiber‐reinforced composites due to their outstanding tensile stiffness, strength, and energy absorption capacity. To further improve the strength of PPTA‐based fibers, it is necessary to investigate the molecular deformation mechanisms of these fibers while being coupled with nanoreinforcements. In this work, molecular dynamics method is used to predict the mechanical performance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced Kevlar fibers, based on the molecular modeling of crystal interfaces in the microstructure of Kevlar fiber with the help of surface‐modified CNTs, the tensile strength of Kevlar fibers can be increased by 27.8–39.7%. Furthermore, the mechanism of binding stability of CNTs is investigated by modifying the functional groups of CNTs, in which the hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) interaction plays an important role.
Multiscale Characterization of Embryonic Long Bone Mineralization in Mice
Authors: Silva Barreto Isabella , Le Cann Sophie , Ahmed Saima , Sotiriou Vivien , Turunen Mikael J. , Johansson Ulf , Rodriguez‐Fernandez Angel , Grünewald Tilman A. , Liebi Marianne , Nowlan Niamh C. , Isaksson Hanna
Published: September 2020

Long bone mineralization occurs through endochondral ossification, where a cartilage template mineralizes into bone‐like tissue with a hierarchical organization from the whole bone‐scale down to sub‐nano scale. Whereas this process has been extensively studied at the larger length scales, it remains unexplored at some of the smaller length scales. In this study, the changes in morphology, composition, and structure during embryonic mineralization of murine humeri are investigated using a range of high‐resolution synchrotron‐based imaging techniques at several length scales. With micro‐ and nanometer spatial resolution, the deposition of elements and the shaping of mineral platelets are followed. Rapid mineralization of the humeri occurs over approximately four days, where mineral to matrix ratio and calcium content in the most mineralized zone reach adult values shortly before birth. Interestingly, zinc is consistently found to be localized at the sites of ongoing new mineralization. The mineral platelets in the most recently mineralized regions are thicker, longer, narrower, and less aligned compared to those further into the mineralized region. In summary, this study demonstrates a specific spatial distribution of zinc, with highest concentration where new mineral is being deposited and that the newly formed mineral platelets undergo slight reshaping and reorganization during embryonic development.
Tractor path overlap is influenced by field shape and terrain attributes
Authors: Kharel Tulsi P. , Owens Phillip R. , Ashworth Amanda J.
Published: September 2020

Tractor overlaps and gaps during field operations reduce production efficiencies; however, studies evaluating linkages between overlaps and field terrain attributes are limited. Our objective is to explore relationships between tractor guidance (TG) systems and field shape and terrain attributes on tractor path overlap. Fields with varying attributes were used for fertilizer (six fields) and herbicide (four fields) applications (with and without TG). Overlap polygon and terrain attributes were overlaid and sampled per 50‐ × 50‐m grid cell. Overlap increased with increasing field irregularities (6 to 11% field area), shorter pass lengths (2 to 19 m2), greater slope (17 to 53 m2), and roughness index (13 to 38 m2) per grid cell. Averaged across slope classes, overlap area decreased 41 to 17 m2 (58% reduction) per grid cell with TG. These results are important for future design of machinery, sensors, and improved TG efficiencies for automated field operations.
Retention of Critical Procedural Skills After Simulation Training: A Systematic Review
Authors: Legoux Camille , Gerein Richard , Boutis Kathy , Barrowman Nicholas , Plint Amy
Published: September 2020

Objective

While short‐term gains in performance of critical emergency procedures are demonstrated after simulation, long‐term retention is relatively uncertain. Our objective was to determine whether simulation of critical emergency procedures promotes long‐term retention of skills in nonsurgical physicians.

Methods

We searched multiple electronic databases using a peer‐reviewed strategy. Eligible studies 1) were observational cohorts, quasi‐experimental or randomized controlled trials; 2) assessed intubation, cricothyrotomy, pericardiocentesis, tube thoracostomy, or central line placement performance by nonsurgical physicians; 3) utilized any form of simulation; and 4) assessed skill performance immediately after and at ≥ 3 months after simulation. The primary outcome was skill performance at or above a preset performance benchmark at ≥ 3 months after simulation. Secondary outcomes included procedural skill performance at 3, 6, and ≥ 12 months after simulation.

Results

We identified 1,712 citations, with 10 being eligible for inclusion. Methodologic quality was moderate with undefined primary outcomes; inadequate sample sizes; and use of nonstandardized, unvalidated tools. Three studies assessed performance to a specific performance benchmark. Two demonstrated maintenance of the minimum performance benchmark while two demonstrated significant skill decay. A significant decline in the mean performance scores from immediately after simulation to 3, 6, and ≥ 12 months after simulation was observed in four of four, three of four, and two of five studies, respectively. Scores remained significantly above baseline at 3, 6, and ≥ 12 months after simulation in three of four, three of four, and four of four studies, respectively.

Conclusion

There were a limited number of studies examining the retention of critical skills after simulation training. While there was some evidence of skill retention after simulation, overall most studies demonstrated skill decline over time.