bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of Digital Solutions and Dealer Availability: A Case Study of Connected App Using TOPSIS Method
Authors: Meduri Vedaswaroop
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the availability of preferred dealers and presents a comprehensive analysis using the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of
Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method to evaluate and rank dealers based on multiple criteria. The research focuses on five dealers,
analyzing their performance across four key parameters: availability (slots per day), customer satisfaction (rating out of 10), dealer reputation
(rating out of 5), and service speed (average time in hours). The study particularly examines BMW’s dealer network and its integration with digital
solutions, specifically the BMW Connected App, which aims to enhance customer experience through intelligent, context-aware services. The
research employs TOPSIS methodology to normalize and weight the evaluation criteria equally (0.25 each), ensuring an unbiased comparison of
dealer performance. The analysis reveals that Dealer C ranks highest with a closeness coefficient (Ci) of 0.8193, followed by Dealer D (Ci = 0.8089),
demonstrating superior overall performance in balancing availability with service quality. While Dealer E shows exceptional customer satisfaction
(9.20/10) and reputation (4.90/5), its limited availability (12 slots/day) results in the lowest ranking (Ci = 0.1658). The study introduces the
concept of “Nearest Available Dealers,” an innovative service that prioritizes dealer availability over mere proximity, addressing a critical challenge
in service delivery. This solution integrates real-time data collection and analysis to optimize customer-dealer matching, potentially improving
service efficiency and customer satisfaction. The findings suggest that while high availability is crucial, it must be balanced with other service quality
parameters for optimal dealer performance. This research provides valuable insights for automotive service networks seeking to enhance their
dealer selection and customer service strategies, particularly in the context of digital transformation and evolving customer expectations.
Pengaruh Dukungan Orang Tua dan Hubungan Saudara Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Memilih Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi di Universitas Negeri Semarang Dengan Prospek Kerja Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Hartanto Dadi , Nurkhin Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Pengambilan keputusan untuk memilih program studi merupakan pilihan sulit bagi lulusan SMA/SMK yang melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang perkuliahan. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh dukungan orang tua serta hubungan saudara terhadap pengambilan keputusan memilih program studi terutama program studi pendidikan akuntansi dengan prospek kerja sebagai moderasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 344 mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi UNNES tahun angkatan 2022 dan 2023. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah sampling jenuh sehingga seluruh anggota populasi dipakai sebagai sampel tetapi karena pembatasan waktu yang diterapkan penulis, hanya 300 anggota populasi yang dijadikan sampel. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) PLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial dukungan orang tua dan hubungan saudara berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengambilan keputusan memilih program studi. Prospek kerja tidak mampu memperkuat pengaruh dukungan orang tua terhadap pengambilan keputusan memilih program studi. Namun, prospek kerja mampu memperkuat pengaruh hubungan saudara terhadap pengambilan keputusan memilih program studi.
COMPARISON OF THE ANIES AND GEMOY URGENT CAMPAIGN MODELS IN THE 2024 PRESIDENTIAL AND VICE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
Authors: Malindir Gaston , Jamaludin Hamzah , Prayitno Adi
Published: February 2025

Entering the campaign period on January 21, each pair of candidates used various unique campaign models which were considered effective in attracting the hearts of the Indonesian people. Since the start, the public has been excited about Gemoy, which is the trending campaign model of candidate pair number 02 Prabowo-Gibran, while pair 01 Anies-Muhaimin has also attracted attention with the latest campaign model introduced by Desak Anies. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in this research include literature study and field study. The research results show that there are significant similarities and differences between the Desak Anies and Gemoy campaign models. The similarity between the two lies in the target of the campaign model used, namely the young generation in the age range of 17-40 years with a percentage of 53% of the number of voters in Indonesia. On the other hand, the fundamental difference between the two lies in the ideas put forward in Desak Anies and Gimik which are put forward through the Gemoy campaign model. Specifically, the differences between these two campaign models can be seen using eight comparative variables referring to Nowak and Warneryd's Campaign Model theory which includes; Intended effect, Competing communication, Communication object, Target population & receiving group, Channel, The message, The communicator/sender, and The obtained effect. Despite this, the results in the field show that the majority of people tend to be interested in the Gemoy campaign model compared to the Desak Anies campaign model which tends to be intellectual, characterized by a debate of ideas.
Performance Analysis of Support Vector Classification and Random Forest in Phishing Email Classification
Authors: Umam Chaerul , Handoko Lekso Budi , Isinkaye Folasade Olubusola
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aims to conduct a performance analysis of phishing email classification system using machine learning algorithms, specifically Random Forest and Support Vector Classification (SVC).
Methods/Study design/approach: The study employed a systematic approach to develop a phishing email classification system utilizing machine learning algorithms. Implementation of the system was conducted within the Jupyter Notebook IDE using the Python programming language. The dataset, sourced from kaggle.com, comprised 18,650 email samples categorized into secure and phishing emails. Prior to model training, the dataset was divided into training and testing sets using three distinct split percentages: 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20. Subsequently, parameters for both the Random Forest and Support Vector Classification models were carefully selected to optimize performance. The TF-IDF Vectorizer method was employed to convert text data into vector form, facilitating structured data processing.
Result/Findings: The study's findings reveal notable performance accuracies for both the Random Forest model and Support Vector Classification across varying data split percentages. Specifically, the Support Vector Classification consistently outperforms the Random Forest model, achieving higher accuracy rates. At a 70:30 split percentage, the Support Vector Classification attains the highest accuracy of 97.52%, followed closely by 97.37% at a 60:40 split percentage.
Novelty/Originality/Value: Comparisons with previous studies underscored the superiority of the Support Vector Classification model. Therefore, this research contributes novel insights into the effectiveness of this machine learning algorithms in phishing email classification, emphasizing its potential in enhancing cybersecurity measures.
OffensiveRezzer: A Novel Black-Box Fuzzing Tool for Web API
Authors: Putera Danar Gumilang , Harwahyu Ruki
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to introduce OffensiveRezzer, a novel tool designed for black-box fuzzing on Web APIs, and to evaluate its effectiveness in detecting errors, particularly focusing on errors related to input validation implementation.
Methods: We introduced OffensiveRezzer and conducted a comparative analysis against existing fuzzing tools such as EvoMaster, Schemathesis, RestTestGen, Restler, and Tcases to assess its performance. Fuzzing experiments were carried out on a custom Web API application with different input validation levels, namely no input validation, partial input validation, and full input validation.
Result: OffensiveRezzer demonstrated superior performance compared to other fuzzing tools in identifying errors in Web APIs. It outperformed competitors by detecting the highest number of unique errors. The total number of errors found by OffensiveRezzer in the application without validation, the application with partial validation, and the application with full validation was 416, followed by Restler (240), RestTestGen (145), EvoMaster (138), Tcases (78), and Schemathesis (42).
Novelty: The study has presented OffensiveRezzer as a novel tool specifically designed for black-box fuzzing on Web APIs, with a primary focus on testing input validation implementation. This tool fills a gap in existing fuzzing tools and offers improved capabilities for detecting errors in Web APIs.
Sign Language Detection System Using YOLOv5 Algorithm to Promote Communication Equality People with Disabilities
Authors: Ningsih Maylinna Rahayu , Nurriski Yopi Julia , Sanjani Fathimah Az Zahra , Hakim M. Faris Al , Unjung Jumanto , Muslim Much Aziz
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Communication is an important asset in human interaction, but not everyone has equal access to this key asset. Some of us have limitations such as hearing or speech impairments, which require a different communicative approach, namely sign language. These limitations often present accessibility gaps in various sectors, including education and employment, in line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) numbers 4, 8, and 10. This research responds to these challenges by proposing a BISINDO sign language detection system using YOLOv5-NAS-S. The research aims to develop a sign language detection model that is accurate and fast, meets the communicative needs of people with disabilities, and supports the SDGs in reducing the accessibility gap.
Methods: The research adopted a transfer learning approach with YOLOv5-NAS-S using BISINDO sign language data against a background of data diversity. Data pre-processing involved Super-Gradients and Roboflow augmentation, while model training was conducted with the Trainer of SuperGradients.
Result: The results show that the model achieves a mAP of 97,2% and Recall of 99.6% which indicates a solid ability in separating sign language image classes. This model not only identifies sign language classes but can also predict complex conditions consistently.
Novelty: The YOLOv5-NAS-S algorithm shows significant advantages compared to previous studies. The success of this performance is expected to make a positive contribution to efforts to create a more inclusive society, in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Further development related to predictive and real-time integration, as well as investigation of possible practical applications in various industries, are some suggestions for further research.
Prediction-based Stock Portfolio Optimization Using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) and LSTM
Authors: Putra Raditya Amanta , Nurmawati Erna
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Investment is the allocation of funds with the aim of obtaining profits in the future. An example of the investment instruments with high returns and high risks are stocks. The risks associated with the investment can be reduced by forming a portfolio of quality stocks optimized through mean-variance (MV). This is necessary because successful selection of high-quality stocks depends on the future performance which can be determined through accurate price prediction.
Methods: Stock price can be predicted through the adoption of different forms of deep learning methods. Therefore, BiLSTM and LSTM models were applied in this research using the stocks listed on the LQ45 index as case study.
Result: The utilization of LSTM and BiLSTM models for stock price prediction produced favorable outcomes. It was observed that BiLSTM outperformed LSTM by achieving an average MAPE value of 2.1765, MAE of 104.05, and RMSE of 139.04. The model was subsequently applied to predict a set of stocks with the most promising returns which were later incorporated into the portfolio and further optimized using the Mean-Variance (MV). The results from the optimization and evaluation of the portfolio showed that the BiLSTM+MV strategy proposed had the highest Sharpe Ratio value at k=4 compared to the other models. The stocks found in the optimal portfolio were BRPT with a weight of 19.7%, ACES had 16.9%, MAPI 11.8%, and BMRI at 51.6%.
Novelty: This research conducted a novel comparison of LSTM and BiLSTM models for the prediction of stock prices of companies listed in the LQ45 index which were further used to construct a portfolio. Past research showed that the development of portfolios based on predictions was not popular.
ЛЮДВИГ ВИТГЕНШТЕЙН И ГРЭМ ПРИСТ НА ПРЕДЕЛАХ МЫСЛИ
Authors: РОДИН К.А.
Published: February 2025

В статье сформулированы предварительные критические замечания к предложенному Г. Пристом в контексте пределов выразимости на пределах мысли прочтению «Логико-философского трактата» Л. Витгенштейна и пониманию проблемы следования правилу. Во вводном и первом разделах кратко эксплицируется позиция Приста и приводятся предложенные Пристом и наши собственные примеры пределов выразимости. Во втором разделе сформулирована «доктрина» невыразимого в «Трактате» в контексте решительного и традиционного прочтения этого труда Витгенштейна. В последнем разделе высказаны критические замечания относительно релевантности прочтения Пристом Трактата и его понимания проблемы следования правилу.

The article formulates preliminary critical remarks on the reading of L. Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and understanding of the rule-following problem proposed by G. Priest in the context of the limits of expressibility at the limits of thought. In the introductory and first sections, we briefly explicate Priest’s position and provide examples of the limits of expressibility both proposed by Priest and our own. The second section formulates the “doctrine” of the inexpressible in the Tractatus in the context of a determined and traditional reading of this Wittgenstein’s work. In the last section, we offer criticism of the relevance of Priest’s reading of the Tractatus and his understanding of the rule-following problem.
About stability of equilibria of one system of stochastic delay differential equations with exponential nonlinearity
Authors: Shaikhet Leonid
Published: February 2025

A system of two nonlinear delay differential equations under stochastic perturbations is considered. Nonlinearity of the exponential type in each equation of the system under consideration depends on the both variables of the system. The stability in probability of the zero and nonzero equilibria of the system is studied via the general method of Lyapunov functionals construction and the method of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The obtained results are illustrated via examples and figures with numerical simulations of solutions of a considered system of stochastic differential equations. The proposed way of investigation can be applied to nonlinear systems of higher dimension and with other types of nonlinearity, both for delay differential equations and for difference equations.
Evaluating Alternative Dispute Resolution in Resolving Land Conflicts in Ifakara, Tanzania
Authors: Kamoleka Theresia Nicholaus , Lucian Charles A.
Published: February 2025

Inter-village land disputes confronted by the Ifakara Town Council – a local governing authority in Tanzania – arise from socio-economic complexities, poor boundary demarcation, and weak institutional frameworks, making litigation ineffective. Despite the prevalence of these conflicts, there is limited understanding of how Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms, particularly mediation, can address such issues in rural Tanzania. This study evaluates the applicability and effectiveness of ADR, with a focus on mediation, in resolving these disputes. Given the limitations of litigation, culturally appropriate ADR methods are essential for achieving sustainable conflict resolution. This research used a mixed-methods approach, collecting qualitative and quantitative data through interviews, document reviews, and questionnaires from stakeholders in four villages. The findings show that while ADR, especially mediation, is valued for its flexibility and cultural relevance, its effectiveness is limited by challenges such as poor boundary demarcation, bureaucratic delays, weak institutional capacity, and resistance from disputing parties. The study concludes that to enhance ADR effectiveness, structural issues like boundary demarcation and institutional weaknesses must be addressed.
Studying How a Motivational System Based on Intrinsic Motivations Favors Exploration in Unstructured Environments
Authors: Müller Jakub , Romero Alejandro , Duro Richard J.
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the implementation of a motivational system based on intrinsic motivation in robots to enhance their adaptability in learning new processes within unstructured environments. Our goal is to explore how intrinsic motivation can lead to more adaptive and effective learning. The proposed methods focus on goal discovery and perceptual state space exploration, for which we use a novelty measure with some added noise to prevent learning stagnation. The results show that the proposed discovery methods achieve similar effectiveness in identifying novel features in the perceptual state as the algorithms tested from the literature but with lower computational times. This study contributes to the development of robotic systems with a higher degree of autonomy.
Dataset-Driven Voice Biomarker Validation: Advancing Clinical Standards with the Enhanced V3 Framework
Authors: Ramírez José Manuel , Docío-Fernández Laura , García-Mateo Carmen
Published: February 2025

Advancements in information technologies are reshaping the medical field, highlighting the need for effective frameworks to translate research into clinical practice. Voice is a promising biomarker for disease detection, but its use is limited by the lack of rigorous clinical validation methods. Our research aims to bridge this gap by improving the validation process for voice-based health assessments. Building on our clinical trial experience and the V3 framework, we are enhancing it to address the specific challenges of voice biomarkers, focusing on the data life-cycle in trials. Our proposal involves refining the V3 framework and developing an open-source toolkit for evaluating voice-based health datasets, bridging the gap between research and clinical practice through robust validation.
Interaction Devices for Multi-Sensory Exploration in Immersive Environments
Authors: Donga João , Veloso Gomes Paulo , Sá Vitor , Marques António , Pereira Javier
Published: February 2025

Immersive environments, such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), provide users with experiences that blend digital and physical worlds. Interaction devices play a critical role in facilitating these experiences by engaging multiple human senses—sight, sound, touch, smell, taste and vestibular. This paper explores the various interaction devices designed for multi-sensory exploration, their applications, and the challenges associated with creating a fully immersive multi-sensory experience. We analyze input and output devices, hybrid systems, and emerging technologies while addressing the challenges in synchronization, user comfort, and accessibility.
Effect of Instructional Guides (Ig) on The Academic Performance of Grade 9 TLE Food Technology Students
Authors: Banguis Chinibeth F. , Calipayan, Jr. Jose P.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to determine the effect of instructional guides on the academic achievement of Grade 9 students in Food Technology. Specifically, it compared students’ mean scores when taught with and without instructional guides and examined the significance of differences in achievement when grouped by Technical Competence Level. A quasi-experimental design was utilized, where one group received instruction using a structured guide, while another received traditional methods. Findings showed that students taught with instructional guides performed significantly better than those without, particularly among students with varying levels of technical competence. The study concluded that instructional guides are effective in enhancing students’ learning outcomes in Food Technology, as they provide structured, accessible content that supports varied learning abilities. Recommendations include implementing instructional guides broadly for technical subjects, encouraging teachers to incorporate similar structured tools, and further research into other subjects to assess potential benefits of instructional guides in different educational contexts.
Rythmes de croissance de quelques essences de Guyane Française
Authors: Détienne Pierre , Barbier Claude
Published: February 2025

Les vitesses de croissance de 10 espèces de la forêt dense guyanaise ont été étudiées de 1979 à 1984 avec deux méthodes simultanées : les blessures annuelles faites dans l’écorce jusqu’au cambium et l'utilisation de rubans dendromètres.La lecture des rubans dendromètres a été effectuée toutes les deux semaines. Une relation globale notable entre les taux de croissance et la pluviométrie a été observée, avec des caractéristiques significatives pour certaines espèces et certains arbres. Les valeurs moyennes annuelles pour les espèces de bois tendre léger (Simarouba, Copaia) diffèrent nettement de celles des espèces de bois dur lourd (Goupi, Saint-Martin rouge), les augmentations sur le rayon étant respectivement de 4,3 mm et de 2,6 mm par an.La plupart des données concernant la croissance obtenue dans cette étude sont en accord avec celles obtenues ailleurs, tant en Guyane française qu'au Suriname.La méthode des blessures annuelles a été utilisée pour détecter la présence et la périodicité des cernes de croissance dans le bois. La datation des arbres avec des cernes annuels a été relativement facile et précise pour Angelica, Copaia, Saint-Martin rouge et Yayamadou ; parfois difficile et approximative pour Chawari, Manil et Simarouba ; très incertaine pour Goupi et impossible pour Grignon Franc.Le faible échantillonnage et la variabilité inter et intraspécifique ont conduit à la mise en place de nouveaux essais beaucoup plus importants dans le cadre d'une opération pilote d'aménagement forestier.
Features of Collective Securitization in the European Union (The example of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy dynamics)
Authors: Guseinov K.
Published: February 2025

The European Union Common Security and Defence Policy (EU CSDP) is currently undergoing the institutional transformation. The CSDP is the crucial component of the EU’s organizational structure, designed for the promotion of European integration in the spheres of security and defence. The EU security and defence is often regarded as an inalienable part of NATO security and defence. However, the current trends, such as the evolving of the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), implementation of the Strategic Compass, or the plan for achieving strategic autonomy, promote the position of the European Union as one of hard power centers on the international stage. The shift from normative to military power in the EU’s foreign policy signifies a completely new era in the regional security complex. The article explores the dynamic of the CSDP marked by the adoption of “Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe” – the global strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy, – and of the Strategic Compass for Security and Defence. The author examines the current trends in the EU CSDP, such as the creation and evolution of the Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) and a possibility of its turn into a fully operated EU military headquarter, the development of the PESCO as a contribution to the European military-industrial complex, and the recent adoption of the Civilian CSDP Compact. The trends are regarded through the methodology of “collective securitization”. The author provides the analysis of its applicability for the examination of the CSDP, highlighting the key steps and factors influencing the process, such as effective security governance and common identity in the sphere of security and defence.
Revised metal-silicate partitioning does not require the Late Veneer
Authors: Kondo Nozomi , Asanuma Hisashi , Yoshino Takashi
Published: February 2025

Highly siderophile elements (HSEs) are critical tracers for deciphering planetary formation and evolution. The widely accepted Late Veneer hypothesis, which proposes the accretion of chondritic materials after core formation, was developed to explain the discrepancy between metal-silicate partitioning behavior and the HSE composition of the Earth's primitive upper mantle (PUM). However, prior partitioning experiments relied on systems with unrealistically high bulk HSE concentrations, introducing significant uncertainty. Here, we present high-pressure and high-temperature experiments on HSE partitioning across a wide range of bulk HSE concentrations, including conditions relevant to terrestrial planets. Our results demonstrate that HSEs are more soluble in silicate melts at low concentrations and converge to chondritic relative abundances under these conditions, resolving the previous mismatch between mantle HSE composition and PUM. Furthermore, the revised partition coefficients not only reduce the discrepancy for Earth's mantle but also explain the HSE composition of the lunar mantle through core-mantle differentiation processes. These findings challenge the necessity of the Late Veneer for both Earth and Moon, aligning with recent discussions on the volatile element origins of terrestrial planets. This study offers a transformative perspective on the early differentiation and formation of Earth and other rocky planets in the solar system.
Polymer Matrix Drives Dual Phosphorescence in Dispersed Chromophores
Authors: Thilagar Pakkirisamy , Ghosh Subhajit Ghosh , Nandi Rajendra , Geremia Silvano , Hickey Neal , Sirohiwal Abhishek
Published: February 2025

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix has been extensively explored for decades to achieve efficient room-temperature phosphorescence in blue-to-red regions from dispersed chromophores. Isolated chromophores at low-weight concentrations in the polymer matrix eliminate the inter-chromophore interactions. However, the impact of the polymer matrix on the optical characteristics of chromophores remains elusive. Herein, we analyze the dual phosphorescence behavior of three chromophores molecularly dispersed (1 wt.% concentration) in the PMMA matrix. We employ second-order Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction (ADC2) excited state calculations to show that the dual phosphorescence observed in BANHPh and BANMePh does not stem from the T1 and T2 electronic states. Instead, this phenomenon arises from matrix-assisted, room-temperature accessible conformers within the T1 state (T1H and T1L). The PMMA matrix creates an asymmetric environment around the chromophores, inducing structural and electronic modulations that result in spectral tuning of the singlet and triplet manifolds. In conclusion, conformation-dependent dual phosphorescence is unlikely to occur without the PMMA matrix. These matrix-induced dual phosphorescent emitters have been demonstrated to be highly competent in the application of fingerprint recognition, information encryption, and afterglow display.
Exploring the Anticancer Potential of Epigallocatechin Gallate Loaded Sodium Alginate Nanoparticles: Impact of Size Variation on Head and Neck Cancer Cells
Authors: Rajabzadeh Faezeh , Arabhalvaei Mohadeseh , Arab Samaneh , Afraz Elham Sadat , Bahraminasab Marjan
Published: February 2025

Head and neck cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinomas, are challenging to treat due to recurrence, drug resistance, and side effects. The present study explores using epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an anti-cancer compound from green tea, encapsulated in sodium alginate nanoparticles (SA NPs) of varying sizes. Five different sizes of SA NPs were synthesized, and EGCG was loaded into the selected particles. Characterizations of SA NPs with and without EGCG were conducted using dynamic light scattering (DLS), FE-SEM, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, the loading capacity, entrapment efficiency and release profile of the EGCG-loaded NPs were evaluated. The cytotoxicity and cell viability were assessed using MTT and LDH assays on TSCC-1 cancer cells. Moreover, cellular uptake, wound healing, colony formation and apoptosis were also tested. The results of characterizations confirmed the successful synthesis of SA NPs. Two NP sizes (type 1 and type 4) were selected for EGCG loading, for which the drug release was around 39% for type 1 and 51% for type 4 nanoparticles after 14 days. The optimal cytotoxicity on cancer cells was observed at a concentration of 80 µg/mL of NPs (type 1). The colony formation analysis displayed a significant reduction in colony numbers after treatment with EGCG-loaded NPs compared to controls. Furthermore, wound healing assays showed the ability of EGCG-loaded NPs to prevent cancer cell migration, and the evaluation of apoptosis demonstrated an obvious increase in apoptosis levels in TSCC-1 cells treated with type 1 NPs (80 µg/mL). It was demonstrated that EGCG-loaded SA NPs effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration, and induce apoptosis in head and neck cancer cells.
Shock Reformation Induced by Ion-scale Whistler Waves in Quasi-perpendicular Bow Shock
Authors: Xu Sibo , Sun Jia-Ji , Wang Shan , Li Jing-Huan , Zhou Xu-Zhi , Graham Daniel B. , Hao Yu-Fei , Zong Qiu-Gang , Yue Chao , Omura Yoshiharu , Khotyaintsev Yuri V.
Published: February 2025

Studies have long suggested that shocks can undergo cyclical self-reformation as a type of shock nonstationarity. Until now, providing solid evidence for shock reformation in spacecraft observation and identifying its generating mechanisms remain challenging. In this work, by analyzing Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft observations, we unambiguously identified shock reformation occurring in a quasi-perpendicular shock. A 2-D particle-in-cell simulation reproduces and explains the observed shock reformation. The simulation reveals that shock dynamics in the foot and ramp region generate two types of ion-scale whistler waves, respectively, each of which can drive shock reformation. Within one single wave period, the wave induces the magnetic field pile-up, ion accumulation and reflection, and upstream-pointing electric field, finally evolving into a new shock front. An interesting finding is that different shock dynamics compete and dominate the reformation at different stages. Our results not only provide evidence that the shock reformation in the present regime can be driven by ion-scale whistler waves, but also demonstrate the detailed kinetic processes how it happens, offering valuable insights into shock dynamics.
The valence states of Nb and Ta in magmatic-hydrothermal systems: Insights from combined SXAS and XPS analyses of titanite and ilmenite in two Chinese anorogenic suites
Authors: Zhu Yu-Xiang , Pan Yuanming , Wang Lian-Xun , She Zhenbing , Feng Renfei , Chen Ning , Purdy Sarah , Cao Kenan
Published: February 2025

Niobium and tantalum are the so-called “geochemical twins” with similar properties and have long been used to constrain magmatic sources and trace geological and planetary processes. Significant fractionations of Nb and Ta have recently been documented in diverse magmatic-hydrothermal and metamorphic systems, but their origin remains unclear. Niobium and Ta are preferentially incorporated in Ti-rich minerals such as ilmenite, rutile, and titanite. In this study, representative samples of Nb-rich titanite and ilmenite exhibiting large Nb/Ta variations (5 to 65) from two anorogenic alkaline suites in the Fangcheng and Ziyang regions of China and associated hydrothermal alteration have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (SXAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Raman spectra of Nb-rich titanite and ilmenite show only minor degrees of metamictization. The Nb K-edge SXAS spectra of Nb-rich ilmenite with Nb/Ta > 30 are similar to that of Nb2O5, indicative of a dominant presence of Nb5+ with minor Nb4+, and an Nb5+/ΣNb ratio range from 0.59 to 1. In contrast, the Nb K-edge SXAS spectra of titanite and ilmenite with Nb/Ta < 30 indicate mixed valences of Nb5+ and Nb4+, with Nb5+/ΣNb in the range of 0.22 to 0.55. Similarly, XPS measurements of titanite and ilmenite further support the presence of mixed valences of Nb, with Nb5+/ΣNb in the range of 0.49 to 0.85. In addition, Ta L3-edge SXAS spectra of titanite suggest the occupancy of Ta5+ at the octahedral site. Fitting results from Nb K-edge and Ta L3-edge extended X-ray adsorption fine structure (EXAFS) data further suggest that both Nb and Ta replace Ti via coupled substitutions of the type 2Ti4+ ↔ (Nb5+, Ta5+) + (Al, Fe)3+) and an isovalent substitution (Ti4+ ↔ Nb4+). A positive correlation between the oxidation states of Nb and the Nb/Ta values has been observed in titanite and ilmenite, but not for Ta. These results suggest that the extreme enrichment and large variations in Nb contents as well as significant fractionation of Nb from Ta in titanite and ilmenite are controlled by the prevailing oxygen fugacity in magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Given these complexities involving variable valence states, circumspection is required to use Nb and Ta anomalies to interpret geotectonic settings and apply Nb/Ta systematics to constrain magmatic-hydrothermal sources.
Critical behavior of a phase transition in the dynamics of interacting populations
Authors: Arnoulx de Pirey Thibaut , Bunin Guy
Published: February 2025

Many-variable differential equations with random coefficients provide powerful models for the dynamics of many interacting species in ecology. These models are known to exhibit a dynamical phase transition from a phase where population sizes reach a fixed point, to a phase where they fluctuate indefinitely. Here we provide a theory for the critical behavior close to the phase transition. We show that timescales diverge at the transition and that temporal fluctuations grow continuously upon crossing it. We further show the existence of three different universality classes, with different sets of critical exponents, highlighting the importance of the migration rate coupling the system to its surroundings.
Exploring Scandinavian approaches to defense budget transparency in Ukraine: A theoretical review of opportunities and challenges
Authors: Petlenko Yuliia , Kharlamova Ganna , Rolandas Giedraitis Vincentas , Stavytskyy Andriy , Ulvidienė Erstida
Published: February 2025

The paper examines the transparency of public finances, with a specific focus on the transparency of Ukraine’s defense budget. The relevance of this study arises from the ongoing war and the increasing public demand for accountability. The study aims to identify concrete measures to address existing gaps in defense budget transparency. The paper applies a comparative methodology, analyzing the feasibility of implementing Scandinavian transparency practices, particularly from Sweden and Norway, which are known for their advanced budgetary oversight mechanisms.The study identifies key challenges, including bureaucratic inertia, limited technical capacity, political constraints, and national security concerns. To address these issues, the paper evaluates strategies such as developing digital budget platforms for real-time access to defense expenditures, participatory budgeting, and enhanced institutional accountability. The results indicate that Ukraine could benefit from secure digital platforms for real-time access to defense budget data, targeted legislative amendments to improve oversight, strengthened institutional capacity for in-depth budget reviews, and public consultations on non-sensitive areas of defense spending to foster public trust.The findings suggest that gradual and context-sensitive improvements in defense budget transparency are both feasible and essential for optimizing resource allocation and strengthening public confidence. By providing a structured approach, this study contributes to the broader discourse on public finance transparency, offering practical recommendations tailored to Ukraine’s specific challenges.
El discurso contemporáneo y su relación con los afectos y los objetos: una reflexión psicoanalítica
Authors: Dasuky Quiceno Samir Ahmed , Tamayo Lopera Daniela , Castillejo Rendón Ana María
Published: February 2025

Desde diversos ámbitos sociales, incluidas algunas posturas psicológicas y psiquiátricas, se ofrecen ideales de felicidad y bienestar, con el fin de garantizar la fidelidad de los sujetos a los objetos de consumo. El psicoanálisis considera que estas ofertas son inalcanzables debido a la condición estructural que como seres hablantes nos marca: la falta. Esta falta es vivenciada por los sujetos como frustración, culpa, ansiedad y depresión, afectos que muestran lo paradójico del mundo actual, dado que, ante el imperativo de gozar sin límites con los objetos de consumo, el sujeto se encuentra constantemente con la imposibilidad. En el presente texto se expone una reflexión que pretende reconocer la nueva subjetividad producida por los discursos del capitalismo y de la ciencia, y su incidencia en los afectos, así como su relación con lo estructural del sujeto. Estos discursos imperantes que perpetúan la relación unilateral del sujeto con los objetos y no promueven formas de lazo social, conllevan a la formación de nuevos síntomas; por lo cual se concluye que es necesario diferenciar los efectos del discurso de la ciencia y del capitalismo sobre la subjetividad y los efectos venidos del inconsciente sobre el sujeto.
Impaired Striatum Dopamine Release in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Adam Hussaini , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Adam Tijjani , Salim Evan T. , Fakhri Makram A.
Published: February 2025

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Investigation of LncRNA Expression Profiles and Analysis of Immune-Related lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Networks in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Qin Liying , Gao Xiang , Lu Xiuhai , Liu Wencai , Tian Jingyi , Yuan Gongqiang
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a predominant cause of
blindness in the elderly. The present study is the first to investigate the alteration of lncRNAs
and mRNAs in neovascular AMD.

Methods:

Nine patients with neovascular AMD were included in the study. The control group
comprised seven patients with epiretinal membranes. RNA sequencing was performed to obtain
the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs). Then, the
DElncRNA-DEmRNA co-expression network, ceRNA network, and immune-related ceRNA
subnetwork were constructed. Functional annotation of DEmRNAs between the two groups and
DEmRNAs in networks was conducted. The immune cell distribution in neovascular AMD was
also evaluated. Real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) was used to validate the expression levels of key
markers.

Results:

A total of 342 DEmRNAs and 157 DElncRNAs were obtained in neovascular AMD.
Functional annotation indicated that these DEmRNAs significantly enriched immune systemrelated
processes, such as positive regulation of B cell activation, immunoglobulin receptor binding,
complement activation, and classical pathway. The DElncRNA-DEmRNA co-expression
network, including 185 DElncRNA-DEmRNA co-expression pairs, and the ceRNA
(DElncRNA-miRNA-DEmRNA) network, containing 45 lncRNA-miRNA pairs and 73 miRNAmRNA
pairs, were constructed. The immune-related ceRNA subnetwork, including 2 lncRNAs,
5 miRNAs, and 3 mRNAs, was constructed. In addition, the distribution of immune cells was
slightly different between the neovascular AMD group and the control group. RT-qPCR validation
indicated the consistency between the RT-qPCR results and RNA sequencing results.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, STC1, S100A1, MEG3, MEG3-hsa-miR-608-S100A1, and MEG3-
hsa-miR-130b-3p/hsa-miR-149-3p-STC1 may be related to the occurrence and development of
neovascular AMD.
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Novozhilova Polina O. , Bakina Olga V. , Spirina Liudmila V. , Tarasenko Natalya V.
Published: February 2025

Antibiotic resistance remains a major challenge in the use of antimicrobial
agents and poses a threat to public health worldwide. This review discusses the
epigenetic mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance. Significant attention is also
given to gene expression patterns that promote microbial adaptability and survival in
the context of antibiotic therapy, as well as epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to
modifying the activity of resistance genes. The authors argue that epigenetics plays a
key role in the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. By offering new
perspectives on the complex interaction between genetic and epigenetic regulations in
microbial populations using metal nanoparticles, the authors shed light on potential
therapeutic targets and strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.

Exploring the disclosure of epigenetic mechanisms when interacting with metal
nanoparticles on resistant cultures is insufficiently covered in the literature. This review
not only presents the latest scientific findings in this field but also opens up avenues
for further research that will help address the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Hyaluronic Acid Coated Albumin Nanoparticles for Delivery of Gemcitabine
Authors: Paroha Shweta , Dubey Ravindra Dhar , Verma Juhi , Jain Vikas , Akbar Saleem , Mishra Ashwini Kumar , Neha S.L. , Rani Laxmi , Mahto Aman Kumar , Sahoo Parvat Kumar , Dewangan Rikeshwer Prasad
Published: February 2025

Gemcitabine (Gem) is a well-known antineoplastic drug used for several solid tumors.
The clinical application of gem is hampered owing to non-selectivity, short half-life, and drug resistance,
which necessitate the development of a suitable novel formulation that can selectively target
cancer sites. In the present work, Gem-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (Gem-BSANPs)
have been prepared and coated with hyaluronic acid (HA-Gem-BSANPs). Particle size,
zeta potential, TEM, and DSC analysis characterized the developed NPs. The mean particle size,
PDI, and zeta potentials were observed to be 120.9 ± 5.87 vs 144.7 ± 5.67 and 28.66 ± 1.10 vs
-45.72 ± 3.24, for Gem-BSANPs and HA-Gem-BSANPs, respectively. Interestingly, HA-coated
Gem-BSANPs were found higher cytotoxic against A549 cell lines with better killing kinetics and
mitochondrial membrane loss due to overexpression of CD44. The present work demonstrated
that HA-Gem-BSANPs could be a potential strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gem
by selectively targeting to the tumor site.
Unveiling the Potential Neuroprotective Effect of Bioactive Compounds from Plants with Sedative and Mood-Modulating Properties: Innovative Approaches for the Prevention of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases
Authors: Silvia Piccirillo , Preziuso Alessandra , Tiziano Serfilippi , Cerqueni Giorgia , Terenzi Valentina , Lariccia Vincenzo , Magi Simona
Published: February 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are severe
disorders characterized by progressive neuron degeneration, leading to cognitive decline, motor dysfunction,
and other neurological issues, significantly impairing daily life and the quality of life. Despite
advancements in understanding these mechanisms, many aspects remain unclear, and current
treatments primarily manage symptoms without halting disease progression. Multiple biological
pathways are implicated in neurodegeneration, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial
dysfunction, and aberrant protein folding. Given the multifactorial nature of neurodegenerative
diseases, a neuroprotective approach targeting various mechanisms holds significant promise
for prevention. Natural products derived from plants, animals, and fungi, known for their antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory properties, show substantial potential in the prevention of neurodegeneration.
Unlike synthetic compounds, bioactive compounds from these natural sources offer diverse targets
due to their varied structures and biological activities. This review focuses on the potential of bioactive
compounds from plants with sedative and mood-modulating effects in preventing and/or slowing
down neurodegeneration.
The Combined Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Hypertension: Implications for Clinical Management
Authors: Aragiannis Dimitrios , Kasiakogias Alexandros , Iliakis Panagiotis , Sagris Marios , Tatakis Fotios Panagiotis , Manta Eleni , Andrikou Ioannis , Konstantinidis Dimitrios , Tsioufis Konstantinos
Published: February 2025

A significant proportion of hypertensive patients are both smokers and obese. Several pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in the combined effect of smoking and obesity on hypertension onset and maintenance. These include increased sympathetic nervous system activity, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. The presence of these major cardiovascular risk factors may lead to difficult-to-control hypertension as well as substantially increase the risk for an adverse cardiovascular outcome. It is, therefore, imperative that healthcare providers embrace a comprehensive, multifaceted approach in the management of obese hypertensive patients with smoking habits. This review delves into the complex interplay of these risk factors, providing a comprehensive overview of the current literature to aid the deployment of effective clinical management strategies toward reducing the risk profile of affected individuals.