bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cines en Lima: del apogeo al presente. Presencia e imagen de la sala única en la ciudad
Authors: Mejía Ticona Víctor
Published: December 2019

El texto aborda la arquitectura de los cines en Lima en su formato de sala única entre dos momentos. El primero, el apogeo de la tipología arquitectónica a mediados del siglo XX, cuando los cines construidos en la ciudad alcanzaron su mayor trascendencia urbana, social y constructiva. Tras la debacle de las décadas de los años 1970 y 1980, el segundo momento revisado se sitúa en el pasado reciente y el panorama actual. En las últimas décadas esas antiguas salas han seguido destinos disímiles: el abandono, el cambio de uso o la demolición. Para conectar ambos momentos se presenta el trabajo fotográfico de Antar Giacomotti, quien hacia finales de los años 1950 elaboró un completo registro de fachadas de salas de cine en Lima, material exhibido en una muestra en 2008, donde sus fotos se complementaron con tomas recientes con encuadres similares. Aquellos dípticos evidenciaron el paso del tiempo, la transformación de la ciudad y el preocupante estado de estos edificios en la actualidad. Revalorizar aquel archivo fotográfico permite repensar la importancia de la imagen en la construcción de la historia, así como analizar el presente y el futuro de la tipología.
Everywhere at Once
Authors: Abrams Michael
Published: December 2019

Some commuters discovered lightweight electric scooters were the perfect solution for commuting. For others, the things were an unasked-for nuisance, blocking sidewalks when parked and barreling down on pedestrians when in motion. To better serve the customers and disarm the naysayers, the shared scooter will have to change. How companies deploy scooters, how cities incorporate them, and how manufacturers make them, all need better engineering. This article delves deeper into what needs to be done to make electric scooters viable.
Day-Ahead Wind Power Forecast Through High-Resolution Mesoscale Model: Local Computational Fluid Dynamics Versus Artificial Neural Network Downscaling
Authors: Mana Matteo , Astolfi Davide , Castellani Francesco , Meißner Cathérine
Published: December 2019

The importance of accurately forecasting the power production of wind farms is boosting the development of meteorological models and their processing. This work is a discussion of different forecast configurations for predicting the day ahead production of a wind farm sited in a moderately complex terrain. The numerical weather prediction (NWP) model MetCoOp Ensemble Prediction System with 2.5 km resolution focusing on the wind farm area is dynamically downscaled by the computational fluid model (CFD) model WindSim. The transfer of the NWP model to the CFD model can be done using NWP results from various heights above ground and using all or parts of the nodes of the NWP model within the wind farm area. In this work, many different forecasting configurations are validated and the impact on the forecast performance is discussed. The NWP-CFD downscaling results are compared to a day ahead forecast obtained through ANN methods and to the observed production. The main result of this work is that a deterministic downscaling method like CFD simulations can perform as good or better than statistical approaches when using high-resolution NWP models and more NWP model data.
Calibration and Validation Framework for Selective Laser Melting Process Based on Multi-Fidelity Models and Limited Experiment Data
Authors: Olleak Alaa , Xi Zhimin
Published: December 2019

There are significant quality and reliability problems for components/products made by additive manufacturing (AM) due to various reasons. Selective laser melting (SLM) process is one of the popular AM techniques and it suffers from low quality and reliability issue as well. Among many reasons, the lack of accurate and efficient models to simulate the SLM process could be the most important one because reliability and quality quantification rely on accurate models; otherwise, a large number of experiments should be conducted for reliability and quality assurance. To date, modeling techniques for the SLM process are either computationally expensive based on finite element (FE) modeling or economically expensive requiring a significant amount of experiment data for data-driven modeling. This paper proposes the integration of FE and data-driven modeling with systematic calibration and validation framework for the SLM process based on limited experiment data. Multi-fidelity models are the FE model for the SLM process and a machine learning model constructed based on the FE model instead of real experiment data. The machine learning model, after incorporation of the learned physics from the FE model, is then further improved based on limited real experiment data through the calibration and validation framework. The proposed work enables the development of highly efficient and accurate models for melt pool prediction of the SLM process under various configurations. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated by real experiment data under 14 different printing configurations.
A Vision-Based Referencing Procedure for Cable-Driven Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Zavatta Michele , Chianura Mattia , Pott Andreas , Carricato Marco
Published: December 2019

In the last three decades, cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) have captured a growing attention in the robotics field. Indeed, they promise to bring automation in fields where it is not affirmed yet, granting ease of scaling and reconfigurability. For large-workspace cable robots, accuracy is an important issue. In this paper, a look-and-move procedure is proposed, based on a wireless camera, to refer the coordinate frame of the CDPR platform to another known coordinate frame. Two sample cases are studied and presented. In the first, the proposed vision-based system is employed to let the platform precisely attain its home position. In the second, the platform is referenced to an external coordinate frame, in order to accurately accomplish an assigned task. For both cases, experiments are successfully carried out.
Optical function of atomic layer deposited alumina (0.5–41.0 nm) from 191 to 1688 nm by spectroscopic ellipsometry with brief literature review
Authors: Shah Dhruv , Patel Dhananjay I. , Roychowdhury Tuhin , Jacobsen Dylan , Erickson Jacob , Linford Matthew R.
Published: December 2019

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is widely used in the semiconductor industry to provide atomic level control over film thicknesses and layer conformality. Here, the authors report the thermal (332 °C) ALD of thin amorphous alumina films (0.5–41.0 nm) deposited using water and trimethylaluminum precursors. Alumina deposition was optimized by varying the dose and purge times for both precursors with an eye toward obtaining uniform film thicknesses and constant growth per cycle. Films were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry (from 191 to 1688 nm). The subsequent workup of the SE data was based on a multisample analysis. It considered Cauchy and Sellmeier functions and accounted for surface roughness. This modeling yielded an optical function for ALD alumina over the measured wavelength range. The authors recommend the optical function determined from the Sellmeier model.
Multidrug Adaptive Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Swarming Cells
Authors: Coleman Shannon R. , Blimkie Travis , Falsafi Reza , Hancock Robert E. W.
Published: December 2019

Swarming surface motility is a complex adaptation leading to multidrug antibiotic resistance and virulence factor production in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Here, we expanded previous studies to demonstrate that under swarming conditions,
P. aeruginosa
PA14 is more resistant to multiple antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, β-lactams, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and macrolides, than swimming cells, but is not more resistant to polymyxin B.
Multiscale petrographic heterogeneity and their implications for the nanoporous system of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales in Jiaoshiba area, Southeast China: Response to depositional-diagenetic process
Authors: Wang Yuxuan , Xu Shang , Hao Fang , Zhang Baiqiao , Shu Zhiguo , Gou Qiyang , Lu Yangbo , Cong Fuyun
Published: December 2019

The organic matter-rich shales in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Jiaoshiba area, Southeast China, are showing a notable petrographic heterogeneity characteristic within the isochronous stratigraphic framework, which lead to vast differences in the mineral composition and organic matter abundance in the adjacent sections of the shale reservoir. The studied shale has been divided into three systems tracts: a transgressive systems tract (TST), an early highstand systems tract (EHST), and a late highstand systems tract (LHST). Multiple-scale petrographic observation and detailed mineralogical and geochemical analyses were combined to investigate the manifestation, origin, and the ways by which the shale heterogeneity is affected. The results indicate that polytropic depositional environments lead to different components in sediment. Subsequently, these differences among shale sections become more apparent through different diagenetic pathways. During the deposition of the section TST, the Hirnantian glaciation and regional volcanism played a crucial role, contributing to the abundant accumulation of fine-grained intrabasinal silica and organic matter. In diagenesis stage, authigenic quartz aggregates derived from siliceous organisms are formed. They filled in primary interparticle pores, forming a rigid particle-bracing structure that provide effective resistivity against the compaction and spaces for organic matter migration and occlusion. Finally, the migrated organic matter left plenty of newly created pore spaces that constituted a great portion of the total porosity of shale reservoir. The depositional process of section EHST is strongly influenced by contour current, which brings about more extrabasinal influx and impoverishes organic matter. In diagenesis stage, the rigid particle-bracing structure could only be preserved in limited areas, since insufficient siliceous supply could not produce enough authigenic quartz. Primary interparticle pores are significantly reduced owing to compaction, leaving less space for later organic matter migration and occlusion. As a result, the total porosity of shale reservoir declines in this section. In a rapid tectonic-uplifting background, the deposition of section LHST is associated with a rapid increase in terrigenous clay minerals, which further dilutes organic matter. Ductile clay experienced strong compaction and then occupies most of the primary interparticle space. Rigid particles are wrapped by a large number of clays, which has destroyed the particle-bracing structure. As a result, the nanoporous system in the shale could not be well preserved.
Redistribution of germanium during dynamic recrystallization of sphalerite
Authors: Cugerone Alexandre , Cenki-Tok Bénédicte , Oliot Emilien , Muñoz Manuel , Barou Fabrice , Motto-Ros Vincent , Le Goff Elisabeth
Published: December 2019

Rare metals are essential to the development of the “green” technologies that are at the core of low-carbon societies. In nature, these metals are frequently present in trace amounts scattered in base metal ore deposits, but the physico-chemical processes that are responsible for their concentration into strategic minerals are still poorly understood. Based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), coupled with electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, this study shows that plastic deformation and subsequent syntectonic recrystallization of sphalerite (zinc sulfide, ZnS) led to the spatial redistribution of germanium (Ge): from a background level of a few hundreds of parts per million in undeformed primary sphalerite to tens of weight-percent in neocrystallized Ge minerals. During dynamic recrystallization, Ge is likely released from the crystal lattice of parent sphalerite and subsequently concentrated in Ge minerals, leaving behind a Ge-depleted, recrystallized sphalerite matrix. Identifying how rare metals concentrate through deformation and syntectonic recrystallization at the mineral scale is essential to understand the spatial redistribution and localization at the deposit scale. This study highlights the importance of coupling in situ chemical mapping analysis with macro- and microstructural characterization when targeting rare metals in deformed ore.
Effects of feeding strategy and duration of the dry period on the rumen microbiota of dairy cows
Authors: Khazanehei H. , Li S. , Khafipour E. , Plaizier J.C.
Published: December 2019

The composition of rumen microbiota during late gestation and early lactation was compared between cows receiving a close-up diet (1.43 Mcal net energy of lactation (NEl) kg−1 dry matter (DM)) throughout a 40 d dry period (SHORT) and cows receiving a far-off diet (1.28 Mcal NEl kg−1 DM) as well as the close-up diet (as above) for 39 and 21 d, respectively, during a conventional 60 d dry period (CONV). Rumen fluid was collected at weeks −2, −1, +1, +2, and +7 relative to calving. Extracted DNA was analyzed for taxonomic composition of the rumen microbiome using MiSeq Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. At week +1, this composition differed (P < 0.05) between treatments. In cows under the CONV treatment, this composition only differed (P < 0.05) between weeks −1 and +1. For SHORT cows, this composition tended to differ between weeks +1 and +2 (P = 0.09) as well as between weeks +2 and +7 (P < 0.03). The change of the taxonomic composition of the rumen microbiota after calving, mainly consisting of increases in the abundance of Firmicutes and decreases in that of Bacteroidites, was comparatively slower and less favourable under the SHORT treatment. This may have been due to more excessive grain intake before calving of cows on the latter treatment.
High Quality InAs Grown on Silicon Substrate
Authors: jinan liu
Published: December 2019

We have investigated growth of InAs on Si substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The main investigation is the effect of incorporating more nucleation layers into the growth process. The addition of more nucleation layers clearly correlates with the surface morphology and quality of the InAs layer. Morphological and structural characterizations prove that a perfect quality InAs layer is achieved by incorporating five nucleation layers.
High-Fat Diet Aggravates the Intestinal Barrier Injury via TLR4-RIP3 Pathway in a Rat Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Su Ying-ru , Hong Yu-pu , Mei Fang-chao , Wang Chen-yang , Li Man , Zhou Yu , Zhao Kai-liang , Yu Jia , Wang Wei-xing
Published: December 2019

Objective. For patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), a high body mass index (BMI) increases the possibility of infection derived from the intestine. In this study, we evaluate whether TAK242 can alleviate severe acute pancreatitis-associated injury of intestinal barrier in high-fat diet-fed rats. Methods. A SAP model was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct. Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) adult rats were randomly divided into five groups: standard rat chow (SRC) normal (SN), SRC SAP (SAP), high-fat diet normal (HN), HFD SAP (HSAP), and TLR4 inhibitor pretreatment HFD SAP (HAPT) groups. Intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg/kg TAK242 was administered 30 minutes before SAP model establishment in the HAPT group. Rats were sacrificed 12 hours after SAP modeling, followed by blood and pancreatic and distal ileum tissue collection for further analyses. Changes in the pathology responses of the rats in each group were assessed. Result. Analyses of serum amylase, lipase, cholesterol, triglyceride, IL-1β, IL-6, DAO, and serum endotoxin as well as tight junction protein expression including zonula occluden-1 and occludin indicated that high-fat diet aggravated SAP-induced intestinal barrier injury via increasing inflammatory response. In addition, the level of necroptosis was significantly higher in the SAP group compared with the SN group while the HSAP group exhibited more necroptosis compared with the SAP group, indicating the important role of necroptosis in pancreatitis-associated gut injury and illustrating that high-fat diet aggravated necroptosis of the ileum. Pretreatment with TLR4 inhibitor significantly alleviated inflammatory response and reduced necroptosis and level of oxidative stress while improving intestinal barrier function. Conclusion. High-fat diet aggravated SAP-induced intestinal barrier injury via inflammatory reactions, necroptosis, and oxidative stress. Inhibition of TLR4 by TAK242 reduced inflammation, alleviated necroptosis, and lowered the level of oxidative stress and then protected the intestinal barrier dysfunction from SAP in high-fat diet-fed rats.
Riedel’s Thyroiditis: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Blanco Victor Manuel , Páez Camilo Andrés , Victoria Angela María , Arango Luis Guillermo , Arrunategui Ana María , Escobar Juliana , Martínez Veline , Guzmán Guillermo Edinson
Published: December 2019

Riedel’s thyroiditis is a rare entity consisting of a fibrotic process of the thyroid which can generate gland destruction, infiltration of cervical structures and even airway obstruction. It has been associated with systemic fibrotic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and more recently with spectrum of diseases related to excess of Immunoglobulin G type 4 (IgG4). Two cases of Riedel’s thyroiditis by IgG4, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and was managed surgically with favorable results during the follow-up time, are presented. These case descriptions highlight the diagnostic challenge of this disease, describe the response with surgical management, and make a brief update on the subject.
Comparison of Short-Term Oral Impacts Experienced by Patients Treated with Invisalign or Conventional Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
Authors: Alajmi Saitah , Shaban Arwa , Al-Azemi Rashed
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Our objective was to test the hypothesis that thermoplastic clear aligners (Invisalign®; Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA) are more pleasant for patients than conventional fixed orthodontic appliances. Subjects and Methods: This was an observational retrospective study in which subjects were matched for age, treatment modality, and the treating orthodontist. A total of 60 adult patients (30 in the Invisalign group and 30 in the conventional buccal fixed appliance group) who met the inclusion criteria completed a validated self-reporting questionnaire, rating their experience after appliance activation in regard to oral impact experience and satisfaction of both treatment modalities. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and the Z test. Continuous variables such as pain level and age were analyzed using the 2-sample t test. Results: Patients on clear aligner therapy reported significantly more difficulty in speech (p = 0.035) necessitating change in speech delivery (p = 0.003). In addition, they reported better chewing ability (p < 0.001), no restrictions on amounts or types of food (p = 0.02), and less mucosal ulcerations (p = 0.01). Effects on daily routine, use of analgesics, and overall treatment satisfaction were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Clear aligner therapy is not necessarily more pleasant, but it is more tolerable as it satisfies patient needs over food consumption and absence of mucosal ulcerations. However, clear aligners affect pronunciation and speech delivery in the short term.
Preferences for Return of Genetic Results Among Participants in the Jackson Heart Study and Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Joffe Steven , Sellers Deborah E. , Ekunwe Lynette , Antoine-Lavigne Donna , McGraw Sarah , Levy Daniel , Splansky Greta Lee
Published: December 2019

Background:

Surveys suggest that most research participants desire access to secondary (incidental) genomic findings. However, few studies clarify whether preferences vary by the nature of the finding.

Methods:

We surveyed members of the JHS (Jackson Heart Study, n=960), the FHS (Framingham Heart Study; n=955), and African American members of the FHS Omni cohort (n=160) who had consented to genomic studies. Each factorial survey included 3 vignettes, randomly selected from a set of 64, that described a secondary genomic result. Vignettes varied systematically by 5 factors identified by expert panels as salient: phenotype severity, actionability (preventability), reproductive significance, and relative and absolute risk of the phenotype. Respondents indicated whether they would want to receive the result. Data were analyzed separately by cohort using generalized linear mixed models.

Results:

Response rates ranged from 67% to 73%. Across vignettes, 88% to 92% of respondents would definitely or probably want to learn the result. In multivariate analyses among JHS respondents, desire for results was associated with positive attitudes towards genetic testing, lower education, higher subjective numeracy, and younger age, but not with any of the 5 factors. Among FHS respondents, desire for results was associated with higher absolute risk, preventability, reproductive risk, and positive attitudes towards genetic testing. Among FHS Omni respondents, desire for results was associated with positive attitudes towards genetic testing and younger age.

Conclusions:

Most genetic research participants desire return of secondary genetic results. Several factors identified by expert panels as salient are associated with preferences among FHS, but not JHS or FHS Omni, participants.
Élite Folktales: Munes-nāma, Ketāb-e dāstān, and Their Audiences
Authors: Askari Nasrin
Published: December 2019

Drawing on evidence from the texts, illustrations, and contexts of production of two Persian manuscripts, the present paper points to the role of female élites as both audiences and protagonists of the two works, and argues that both works functioned as advisory literature for the female élites of medieval Persian royal courts. It also draws attention to the strong connection of both works to the two realms of élite and folk literature and calls for a designation and defining criteria for a body of works that occupies the zone between the high and low ends of the wide spectrum of Persian literature.
The Donation of the Extremely Wealthy in China
Authors: Zhang (张丛丛) Congcong , Huang (黄建忠) Chien-Chung
Published: December 2019

As trends in increasing private wealth around the world continue, understanding the charitable contributions of the extremely wealthy is important. Using the Forbes China Rich Lists and the Forbes China Charity Lists from 2013 to 2017, this study examines the social and economic factors present in the donations of the extremely wealthy whose net worth equals at least 649 million (all amounts expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted) in China. The results indicate that net worth, social status, political connection, and source of wealth are important factors in these donations. Specifically, extremely wealthy individuals with high net worth, social status, and political connections are more likely to be and more frequently on the Charity Lists than extremely wealthy individuals without above characteristics, particularly those in the real estate industry. However, the real estate industry’s effect on the dollar amount of donations is not significant. In contrast, the extremely wealthy individuals in professional, scientific, and technical areas donated significantly more money than their counterparts in other areas.
Leptolejeunea nigra (Lejeuneaceae), a new species with brownish black ocelli based upon morphology and DNA sequences

Authors: SHU LEI , ZHU RUI-LIANG
Published: December 2019

Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters, a new species from Bangladesh, northern Vietnam, and southwestern China, Leptolejeunea nigra, is described. It is mostly similar to L. balansae but remarkable for having brownish black ocelli in its leaf lobes. In the molecular phylogeny, the samples of L. nigra are not nested within any clade and form an independent lineage. In particular, the molecular dating suggested that the divergence of L. nigra happened in time span of the formation of the Himalayas.
Talorchestia qeshm sp. nov., a new talitrid amphipod from the Persian Gulf (Amphipoda, Talitridae)
Authors: LOWRY IM , MOMTAZI Farzaneh
Published: December 2019

A new talitrid amphipod species, Talorchestia qeshm sp. nov., is described from Qeshm Island in the south-eastern Persian Gulf. This is the westernmost confirmed record for Talorchestia and places the genus firmly in the western Indian Ocean.
Microdon dentigiganteum sp. nov. and other Microdontinae species (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Northeast China
Authors: TIAN JING , HUO KE-KE , ZHANG CHUN-TIAN , REN BING-ZHONG
Published: December 2019

Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the subfamily Microdontinae were surveyed in Northeast China. A total of six species were identified, including one new to science, Microdon dentigiganteum sp. nov. from Liaoning. This new species has a pair of very large-size posterior calcars on the scutellum and very wide flat tarsi. New records of Metadon spuribifasciatus (Huo, Ren et Zheng, 2007), Microdon analis (Macquart, 1842) and Microdon auricomus Coquillett, 1898 from Jilin province, and Microdon ignotus Violovitsh, 1976 and Microdon oitanus Shiraki, 1930 from Liaoning province are provided. A key to the six studied species and diagnostic figures are presented.
A temporal visualization of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progression using deep learning and unstructured clinical notes
Authors: Tang Chunlei , Plasek Joseph M. , Zhang Haohan , Kang Min-Jeoung , Sheng Haokai , Xiong Yun , Bates David W. , Zhou Li
Published: December 2019

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease that is classified into stages based on disease severity. We aimed to characterize the time to progression prior to death in patients with COPD and to generate a temporal visualization that describes signs and symptoms during different stages of COPD progression.

Methods

We present a two-step approach for visualizing COPD progression at the level of unstructured clinical notes. We included 15,500 COPD patients who both received care within Partners Healthcare’s network and died between 2011 and 2017. We first propose a four-layer deep learning model that utilizes a specially configured recurrent neural network to capture irregular time lapse segments. Using those irregular time lapse segments, we created a temporal visualization (the COPD atlas) to demonstrate COPD progression, which consisted of representative sentences at each time window prior to death based on a fraction of theme words produced by a latent Dirichlet allocation model. We evaluated our approach on an annotated corpus of COPD patients’ unstructured pulmonary, radiology, and cardiology notes.

Results

Experiments compared to the baselines showed that our proposed approach improved interpretability as well as the accuracy of estimating COPD progression.

Conclusions

Our experiments demonstrated that the proposed deep-learning approach to handling temporal variation in COPD progression is feasible and can be used to generate a graphical representation of disease progression using information extracted from clinical notes.
Evolving trends in infective endocarditis in a developing country: a consequence of medical progress?
Authors: Sunil Mohamed , Hieu Huynh Quoc , Arjan Singh Ramesh Singh , Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Siew Kelvin S. W. , Loch Alexander
Published: December 2019

Background

Staphylococcus has replaced streptococcus as the most common cause of infective endocarditis (IE) in developed health care systems. The trend in developing countries is less clear.

Aim

To examine the epidemiological trends of infective endocarditis in a developing nation.

Methods

Single-centre, retrospective study of patients admitted with IE to a tertiary hospital in Malaysia over a 12-year period.

Results

The analysis included 182 patients (n = 153 Duke’s definite IE, n = 29 possible IE). The mean age was 51 years. Rheumatic heart disease was present in 42%, while 7.6% were immunocompromised. IE affected native valves in 171 (94%) cases. Health-care associated IE (HCAIE) was recorded in 68 (37.4%). IE admission rates increased from 25/100,000 admissions (2012) to 59/100,000 admissions (2017). At least one major complication on admission was detected in 59 (32.4%) patients. Left-sided IE was more common than right-sided IE [n = 159 (87.4%) vs. n = 18 (9.9%)]. Pathogens identified by blood culture were staphylococcus group [n = 58 (40.8%)], streptococcus group [n = 51 (35.9%)] andEnterococcusspecies [n = 13 (9.2%)]. staphylococcus infection was highest in the HCAIE group. In-hospital death occurred in 65 (35.7%) patients. In-hospital surgery was performed for 36 (19.8%) patients. At least one complication was documented in 163 (85.7%).

Conclusion

Staphylococcus is the new etiologic champion, reflecting the transition of the healthcare system. Streptococcus is still an important culprit organism. The incidence rate of IE appears to be increasing. The rate of patients with underlying rheumatic heart disease is still high.
Correction to: An efficient and reproducible Agrobacterium- mediated transformation method for hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Hayta Sadiye , Smedley Mark A. , Demir Selcen U. , Blundell Robert , Hinchliffe Alison , Atkinson Nicola , Harwood Wendy A.
Published: December 2019

In the original publication of the article [1], a few errors were identified.
A review on strategies to optimize metabolic stages of anaerobic digestion of municipal solid wastes towards enhanced resources recovery
Authors: Richard Edwin N. , Hilonga Askwar , Machunda Revocatus L. , Njau Karoli N.
Published: December 2019

Recently, there are increased efforts by municipals and researchers to investigate the potential of utilizing municipal solid wastes (MSW) for resources recovery. In many parts of developing countries, MSW is mostly collected for disposal with little emphasis on resources recovery. However, the MSW has high organic and moisture contents, and are suitable substrates for anaerobic digestion (AD) process to recover biogas for energy and digestate which can be used as fertilizers or for soil amendments. Resources recovery from the AD process consists of four metabolic stages; hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. These metabolic stages can be affected by several factors such as the nature of substrates, accumulation of volatile fatty acids, and ammonia inhibition. In this review, different optimization strategies towards resources recoveries such as pre-treatment, co-digestion, trace elements supplementation, optimization of key parameters and the use of granular activated carbon are discussed. The review reveals that the currently employed optimization strategies fall short in several ways and proposes the need for improvements.
The Aesthetics of Migration in an Age of Anxiety
Authors: Kerman Monique
Published: December 2019

Propelled by the sometimes opportunistic, sometimes desperate desire for better living conditions, migrants leave one land to occupy another. This act is inherently transgressive; whether this transgression is justified as “progress” or used as fodder for persecution depends on who controls the historical narrative. In recent work, artists Zineb Sedira, Allan deSouza, and Mary Evans express both the instability of the migrant as a cipher and the anxieties that the migratory experience creates. The current global refugee crisis has fanned the flames of xenophobia and virulent nationalism in Europe and the United States, and these works offer a rebuttal to degrading rhetoric and imagery that stigmatizes the migrant. Sedira’s 2008 photographs and 2009 videos of a Mauritanian ship graveyard evoke desperate emigration as well as economic stagnation and environmental degradation. DeSouza’s World Series (2011), inspired by Jacob Lawrence’s Migration Series (1941), suggests bodily movement within a matrix of geopolitical, state-controlled, and natural environments, while referencing historical precedents such as Columbus. Evans’s series Please Do Not Bend (2015–16) is a touching tribute to the resilience of Africans and their descendants who have migrated, voluntarily or by force, over the centuries. In Evans’s Thousands Are Sailing (2016), anonymous silhouettes of brown bodies are in a liminal space, unmoored from one nation and locked out of another. Migration is an unstable experience, and an equally unstable subject. These works reclaim the imagery associated with the “abject immigrant” to restore their agency as well as their humanity.
Preface to the special issue of ESUKA – JEFUL “Aspects of Speech Studies II”
Authors: Pajupuu Hille , Altrov Rene , Mihkla Meelis
Published: December 2019

Preface to the special issue of ESUKA – JEFUL “Aspects of Speech Studies II”
Production of Estonian vowels by Finnish speakers
Authors: Meister Einar , Meister Lya
Published: December 2019

In the study, we examined the production of Estonian vowel categories by second language (L2) speakers of Estonian (native language Finnish) and compared them to those of native Estonian (L1) speakers. The vowel systems of the two languages are very similar: all eight Finnish vowels have close counterparts in Estonian, though Estonian has one more vowel category. The vowels for acoustic analysis were extracted from the target words embedded in sentences read by both L1 and L2 informants. The results showed that using the native Finnish vowel patterns for the Estonian counterparts has been a successful strategy – due to phonetic similarity of the shared vowels in the two languages, the L2 vowels assimilate well to Finnish L1 vowel categories. The L2 learners have acquired proper tongue position for the new vowel category /õ/ in tongue height and in front-back dimension, but deviate from the L1 speakers in use of the lip rounding gesture.

Kokkuvõte. Einar Meister ja Lya Meister: Eesti vokaalid soome emakeelega keelejuhtide häälduses. Artiklis uuriti soome emakeelega keelejuhtide eesti vokaalide hääldust ja võrreldi seda eesti emakeelega keelejuhtide hääldusega. Eesti ja soome vokaalisüsteemid on väga sarnased – kõigil soome vokaalidel on eesti keeles foneetiliselt lähedane vaste. Eesti keeles on lisaks veel üks vokaalikategooria, s.o ümardamata keskkõrge tagavokaal /õ/. Uuringus kasutati eesti ja soome emakeelega keelejuhtide loetud samu lauseid, vokaalide akustiliseks analüüsiks eraldati neist rõhulised vokaalid. Kõigi vokaalide puhul leiti kolme formandi sagedused, millest esimene (F1) on seotud keele kõrgusega, teine (F2) keele ees-tagapoolsusega ja kolmas (F3) huulte ümardatusega. Tulemused näitasid, et (1) tänu soome vokaalide foneetilisele sarnasusele vastavate eesti vokaalidega oli soome emakeelega kõnelejate eesti vokaalide hääldus lähedane eesti emakeelega keelejuhtidele; (2) on omandatud küll /õ/-vokaali hääldusasend nii keele kõrguse (F1) kui ka ees-tagapoolsuse (F2) teljel, kuid F3 väärtuste põhjal paigutub soomlaste hääldatud /õ/ ümarate vokaalide rühma.

Märksõnad: eesti keel, soome keel, L2, vokaalide hääldus, akustiline analüüs
The perception of prominence: a Rapid Prosody Transcription study with Estonian listeners
Authors: Ots Nele , Asu Eva Liina
Published: December 2019

This study investigates the effect of different prosodic variables (e.g., pitch, syllable duration, presence of pitch accent and intonation boundary) and non-prosodic variables (e.g., type of verbal argument, presence of clause boundary, part-of-speech and number of syllables) on the perception of prominence in spontaneous Estonian. Following the methodology of Rapid Prosody Transcription, 396 randomly selected speech fragments from ten speakers were presented over the internet to 51 prosodically untrained listeners, whose task was to highlight the words they heard as prominent. The same dataset was annotated for intonational pitch accents and boundary tones by two experts. The results demonstrate that the strongest predictors of prominence perception are the pitch and duration of stressed syllables together with the presence of a pitch accent while the non-prosodic variables are somewhat weaker. The study corroborates earlier findings in that the perceptual salience in spoken language processing depends largely on the acoustic signal-based cues.

Kokkuvõte. Nele Ots ja Eva Liina Asu: Prominentsuse taju eesti keeles: prosoodia kiirtranskribeerimise uurimus eesti keele kõnelejatega. Artikkel uurib eri prosoodiliste tunnuste (põhitoon, rõhulise silbi kestus, tooni aktsendi ja intonatsioonipiiri olemasolu) ning mitteprosoodiliste tunnuste (verbi argument, klausipiiri olemasolu, sõnaliik ja silpide arv) mõju prominentsuse tajule spontaanses eesti keeles. Lähtudes prosoodia kiirtranskriptsiooni (Rapid Prosody Transcription, RPT) metodoloogiast, esitati 396 juhuslikult valitud spontaanse kõne lõiku interneti teel 51-le prosoodia valdkonnas koolitamata kuulajale, kelle ülesandeks oli tekstis esile tõsta sõnad, mis kuuldusid neile rõhulisena. Kaks kõneprosoodia uurijat transkribeerisid samades kõne lõikudes tooniaktsendid ja intonatsioonipiirid. Tulemused näitavad, et prominentsuse taju tähtsaimad ennustajad on tooniaktsent, põhitoon ning silbi kestus. Mitteprosoodilised tunnused mõjutavad prominentsuse taju mõnevõrra vähem. Katse tulemused kinnitavad varasemate uurimuste järeldust, et tajutud prominentsus sõltub eelkõige akustilistest signaalipõhistest tunnustest.

Märksõnad: prominentsus, taju, intonatsioon, tooniaktsent, sõnaliik, argumendistruktuur, prosoodia kiirtranskriptsioon (RPT), eesti keel
O Rentismo na América Latina: a Economia Política da Dívida Pública em Brasil e Equador no Século XXI
Authors: Maia Eduardo
Published: December 2019

Na década de 1970, a necessidade de circular o capital ocioso motivou ondas de empréstimos em massa para regiões acostumadas à escassez de crédito, como a América Latina, tendo como consequência o endividamento do subcontinente em moeda estrangeira e a “crise da dívida”. No entanto, questiona-se que parte da dívida seja ilegal ou ilegítima, representando um mecanismo de transferência de renda das sociedades para o rentismo internacional. Diante deste cenário, o presente trabalho visa preencher lacunas existentes na temática da dívida pública. Inexistem, ao alcance dos esforços aqui empreendidos, pesquisas que trabalhem o assunto de forma comparada a partir de uma perspectiva internacional. Nesse sentido, tem-se por objetivo analisar comparativamente as posições de Brasil e Equador em relação ao pagamento de suas dívidas públicas no presente século. Para tanto, a pesquisa se utiliza de uma análise histórico-comparativa. Os resultados preliminares sugerem que a auditoria equatoriana possibilitou avanços sociais de caráter duradouro; enquanto no Brasil a opção pela continuidade no pagamento da dívida restringiu os caminhos disponíveis. Observa-se, assim, que embora de caráter predominantemente financeiro, a questão da dívida pública toca também em aspectos econômicos, políticos e sociais e é um dos elementos constritores do desenvolvimento e projeção dos países da América Latina.
FLUXOS TURÍSTICOS NA SOCIEDADE CAPITALISTA: MOTIVAÇÕES PARA A VIAGEM E CONSEQUÊNCIAS ESPACIAIS
Authors: Nunes Nathan Da Silva , Gouvêa Daiana Novaes
Published: December 2019

O turismo se apresenta como importante atividade para a economia contemporânea, atuando na geração de riqueza para grupos capitalistas e modificando espaços urbanos e rurais, paisagens, territórios e lugares, o que o torna objeto de estudo da Geografia. Entretanto, o ato de viajar é anterior ao turismo, relacionando-se incialmente com motivações como o comércio, as guerras e a busca por conhecimento. O acréscimo do turismo às atividades que ocasionam fluxos populacionais ocorre com a ascensão capitalista e as transformações de condições no mundo do trabalho a partir do século XIX. O maior tempo livre conferido ao trabalhador é apropriado por essa nova atividade, que baseia suas práticas no consumo e no espetáculo. Nesse contexto, emergem motivações diversas para o ato de deslocar-se, como a  busca por diversão e uma reconexão com o eu interior. A partir disto, o artigo objetiva analisar a construção do fenômeno turístico enquanto bem de consumo na sociedade contemporânea, evidenciando motivações que levam as pessoas a viajar e consequências espaciais desta prática. Para tanto, são utilizados referenciais que tratam da temática empírica e teoricamente, proporcionando o estabelecimento de um debate acerca da mesma.
POR ENTRE MEMÓRIAS DA VIDA ESCOLAR E ACADÊMICA: A FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM GEOGRAFIA EM QUESTÃO
Authors: Menezes Victória Sabbado , Costella Roselane Zordan
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho versa sobre a relação entre as memórias de ensino da vida escolar e acadêmica de licenciandos e professores formadores da licenciatura em Geografia. O distanciamento entre as memórias destes sujeitos (os primeiros atreladas às memórias de escola e os últimos, às memórias de academia) acarreta em uma formação fragilizada no tocante ao “ensinar a ensinar” e/ou “aprender a ensinar”. Assim, geram-se repercussões sobre o ensino de Geografia escolar, o qual tende a manter-se de forma tradicional e reprodutivista, assentado no saber da tradição pedagógica. Ao considerar a formação docente como um processo contínuo e permanente ao longo de uma vida, entende-se que as memórias de ensino escolar atuam na construção de representações sobre a docência e orientam as práticas pedagógicas dos sujeitos. O caminho metodológico adotado consiste em revisão bibliográfica voltada ao ensino de Geografia e à formação docente, além de referenciais do campo da pesquisa (auto)biográfica. Logo, propõe-se que dispositivos formativos como narrativas (auto)biográficas e memoriais sejam inseridos na licenciatura visando provocar a reflexão coletiva entre professores formadores e licenciandos sobre seus percursos formativos e suas memórias de escola com o intento de ressignificar a formação inicial e o ensino de Geografia nas instituições escolares.
Risk, uncertainty and medical practice: changes in the medical professions following disaster
Authors: Abeysinghe Sudeepa , Leppold Claire , Ozaki Akihiko , Morita Mariko
Published: December 2019

Risk and uncertainty can destabilise and reconstruct the relationships between medicine, policy and publics. Through semi-structured interviews with medical staff following the Fukushima 3.11 Disaster, this paper demonstrates the way in which disruption (caused by disaster), coupled with uncertainty (in this case, around radiation risk) can serve to transform medical practices. After Fukushima, a deficit in publicly-trusted approaches to disaster management meant that the role and status of key medical professionals was transformed. This reorganisation of medical work included the development of new forms of expertise, the stretching of expertise beyond previously well-defined professional boundaries, and shifts in the way in which medical professionals understand and interact with publics. These changes signified the rise of new relationships between the medical workers and their community, as well as adjustments in what were regarded as the boundaries of medical work. Given both the ubiquitous threat of disasters and calls for increased engagement between the medicine and the public, this case study provides insight into the forms which such engagements can take, especially when bound by conditions of uncertainty. The paper draws upon the theoretical literature around the impact of uncertainty on policy, and combines this with medical sociological literature on the nature of medical expertise. The paper examines the shifting of medical expertise towards mode 2 forms, and evidences the impact of a democratised science of risk on the roles and functions of medical practice.
En defensa del Estado constitucional de Derecho
Authors: Aguiló Regla Josep
Published: December 2019

Tras caracterizar el Estado constitucional de Derecho y el proceso de constitucionalización de los órdenes jurídicos en el ámbito iberoamericano, el autor se centra en tres objeciones (la objeción contramayoritaria, la objeción a los derechos como principios y la objeción al judicialismo) que, en su opinión, ponen de manifiesto la incapacidad de parte de la cultura jurídica interna para adaptarse al Estado constitucional de Derecho. En consecuencia, considera urgente construir (y extender) el constitucionalismo jurídico: una teoría del Derecho adaptada al nuevo marco institucional.
Venta de órganos y desigualdad social
Authors: García Manrique Ricardo
Published: December 2019

La necesidad de disponer de más órganos humanos para trasplante ha llevado a proponer la legalización de su venta, con el fin de aumentar su oferta. Cuando lo que se propone es un mercado regulado que trata de evitar los efectos más injustos del comercio de órganos, parece haber una presunción a favor de su legitimidad. Contra esta presunción, cabe formular dos tipos de argumentos: los basados en la desigualdad social y los basados en la degradación del valor del cuerpo humano. Se analizan aquí los primeros y se concluye que no parecen suficientes para refutar la presunción. Por tanto, solo un argumento del segundo tipo podría justificar la prohibición de mercantilización de los órganos humanos.
Entrevista a Michel Troper
Authors: Atienza Rodríguez Manuel
Published: December 2019

Entrevista a Michel Troper
Ética jornalística, desenvolvimento moral e phrônesis: aproximações teóricas
Authors: Paul Dairan , Christofoletti Rogério
Published: December 2019

O artigo discute quais são os processos cognitivos e morais implicados nos julgamentos realizados por jornalistas. Considera a contribuição de estudos baseados na psicologia para discutir a formação de esquemas e modelos mentais que auxiliam no processamento de informação por parte dos profissionais. Em seguida, apresenta dados sobre pesquisas de desenvolvimento moral que mensuram graus de raciocínio ético. O texto finaliza aprofundando o conceito de phrônesis, considerado como elemento central nos julgamentos de jornalistas. Entende que a empatia, uma das virtudes vinculadas à doutrina aristotélica, permite complexificar a tomada de decisões perante dilemas morais, pois parte de uma perspectiva intersubjetiva e relacional.
Memória: um dado criado? Uma leitura das histórias em quadrinhos do Superman
Authors: Sotana Edvaldo Correa , Santos Natalia Aparecida Tiezzi Martins dos
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem por objeto de estudo a relação entre memória e história, a partir de alguns excertos de bandas desenhadas entre 1958 a 1981 do personagem Superman. Assim objetiva tratar das características que constituem o personagem octagenário, concebendo as histórias em quadrinhos como fontes históricas. E, desta forma, explicitar o surgimento das historietas do personagem, bem como o contexto histórico que as engloba. Por fim, apresentar e analisar os excertos supracitados, estabelecendo relações pontuais entre o material pesquisado e o conceito de memória.
Teatro do mar: arte para conservação da biodiversidade
Authors: Campos Priscilla Teixeira , Figueira Etelvina
Published: December 2019

Os recifes coralíneos na Baía de Todos os Santos, BTS, Brasil estão sofrendo com a crise mundial dos recifes de coral cuja maior consequência é a perda da biodiversidade local e consequente diminuição do estoque pesqueiro que afeta diretamente a comunidade de pescadores artesanais. Tal desequilíbrio ecológico causou o surto populacional do zoantário Palythoa cf. variabilis que mata as principais espécies construtoras de recifes. Nosso objetivo foi estreitar o diálogo com a comunidade acerca dessa problemática através da Educação Ambiental Estética e da Arte, principalmente do Teatro para um diálogo mais efetivo com a comunidade. O resultado foi o festival de arte educação ambiental – Festival Maré Arte, tendo a sustentabilidade marinha como tema.