bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Wheat Farms in the Northern Regions of Ahvaz
Authors:   Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran., Mansouri Moghadam Sara , Payandeh Khoshnaz ,   Department of Soil Sciences, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran., Kooshafar Azita ,   Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran., Goosheh Mohieddin ,   Department of Soil Sciences, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.,   Soil & Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: April 2023

Background: Wheat as one of the agricultural products cultivated in many parts of the world is an essential component of our diet in the world. This study aimed to evaluate heavy metals in wheat farms in the north of Ahvaz. Methods: This research was conducted in two areas of Weiss and Arab Assad located in the north of Ahvaz City. Twelve samples of wheat plants in each area were randomly selected from all the farms during harvesting. Chemical digestion was performed by a wet method, and heavy metals were measured by ICP model Varian 710-ES. Results: The highest volume of heavy metals in Weiss and Arab Assad regions were 58.17 and 58.42 mg/Kg, respectively. Among the heavy metals, the lowest concentration was related to chromium which was equal to 1.07 and 1.14 mg/Kg in Weiss and Arab Assad farms, respectively. The highest hazard quotient (HQ) of heavy metals in children was related to manganese metal (13.51). The lowest value of heavy metal’s HQ in the people was obtained in cobalt (0.21). Conclusion: According to the results, because of the manganese metal, it seems that wheat consumption is dangerous for health in different age groups. In general, the results of health risk assessment of heavy metal in wheat showed that the consumption of this product can have an acute adverse impact on human health.
Environmental Analysis of High Temperature Solar Heat Pump, Case Study of Hot Water Production System With Weather Conditions of Ahvaz
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran., Shoeibi Habib , Mehrpooya Mehdi ,   Department of Renewable Energies and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Assaerh Ehsanolah ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran., Izadi Mohsen ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran.,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran., Pourfayaz Fathollah ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran.,   Department of Renewable Energies and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: April 2023

Background: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the energy consumption quality of the hot water production system with weather conditions of Ahvaz. Methods: The related simulation is carried out using Aspen HYSYS software, version 10. Then Aspen HYSYS and Matlab software were used for exergy and environmental exergy and environmental exergy analyzes. Results: According to the study results, the exergy analysis showed that the highest exergy efficiency of the rotating components is related to the K100 compressor with 87.63%. Also, the lowest exergy destruction rate of the rotating components is related to the pump P100 with 0.52 kW. Also, an analysis of the effects of equipment on the environment from the perspective of life cycle assessment (LCA) and the effect of exergy destruction on the environment was conducted on the equipment so that the fb solar collector had the highest value among other equipment, indicating the greatest environmental effect of the inefficiency of this equipment. Compressor K101 should also be reviewed for LCA due to the high percentage of environmental factors. Conclusion: The results show that the environmental exergy analysis of the hot water production system can identify inefficient equipments and their impact rate on the environment.
Effect of Agricultural Inputs on the Water-soil Couple in Cocoa-growing Area in the Department of Soubré, Southwestern of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors:   Unit Training Research of Earth Sciences and Mining Resources, Laboratory of Soil, Water and Geomaterials Sciences, Félix Houphouët Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire., Louan Odile Ble , Tanina Drissa Soro ,   Unit Training and Research of Environment, Laboratory of Sciences and Technologies of Environment, Jean Lorougnon Guédé University, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire., Marie Paule Hien ,   Unit Training Research of Earth Sciences and Mining Resources, Laboratory of Soil, Water and Geomaterials Sciences, Félix Houphouët Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
Published: April 2023

Background: The cocoa crisis in the 1970s decade in Côte d’Ivoire was manifested by the proliferation of crops pests, reduced production and decreased rainfall. To cope with all these constraints, the producers adopted various strategies, including the use of agricultural inputs to improve the production. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the effects of these inputs on water-soil couple. Methods: First, 12 soil and surface water samples were taken for analysis. Second, determination of trace metal content was done using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Also chemical elements were analyzed using a HACH DR 6000 spectrophotometer. Results: Soil concentrations of exchangeable base Ca2+, K+ and Mg2+ are low with average values of 5.71 cmol/kg, 0.35 and 1.66 cmol/kg, respectively. The soils of cocoa orchards are quite rich in assimilable phosphorus (P). The average phosphorus content is 24.31 cmol/kg with a minimum of 3.92 cmol/kg and a maximum of 78.4 cmol/kg. The study of surface water quality showed that the average values of biochemical oxygen demand for 5 days (BOD5) (18.64 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (15.49 mg/L) are lower than the respective standards of 25 and 125 mg/L of the world health organization (WHO) standard. These surface waters have average concentrations of 0.015 mg/L for cadmium (Cd), 0.042 mg/L for zinc (Zn) and 0.062 mg/L for manganese (Mn), below the respective standards of 0.003, 3 and 0.4 mg/L. Conclusion: This study shows that surface waters are not yet very polluted by these inputs.
UGC Guidelines for Establishment of Education Departments in Multidisciplinary Institutions
Authors: Naveen H M
Published: April 2023

The NEP 2020, has suggested several policy directions for offering multidisciplinary education, as well as to establish Department of Education in such institutions. This Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education underlines pulling of courses and resources from a variety of disciplines and helping in the holistic individual development including social and life skills. The purpose of this type of Education according to NEP policy is to link the teaching-learning process with life, community and the world of work including the environment across all disciplines/fields of study as well as STEM education. The ‘Education Departments’ are visualized as instruments towards contributing to multidisciplinary teaching-learning (curriculum, pedagogy, technology-enabled blended learning, assessment and evaluation, etc.) as visualized in the NEP 2020 and develop specialized expert in these areas. The present article has described in detail the entire procedure of establishing the ‘Department of Education’ in Multidisciplinary Institutions in terms of present and proposed Structural Arrangement; Functions and Programmes; Linkage to HEI’s as well as the operationalization of the NEP 2020 policies in this regard. Thus, the Education Departments of universities and colleges need to comprehensively focus on this task of merging. The UGC Guidelines for Transforming HEI’s into Multidisciplinary Institutions concluded with a statement that the micro-details/functions during the process of implementation may be worked out subsequently.
Pengaruh Meal Experience Terhadap Customer Satisfaction di Yoshinoya Japanese Restaurant TSM Bandung
Authors: Daryanto Daryanto , Indrianty Septy , Safari Apay
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine how the effect of meal experience on customer satisfaction at Yoshinoya Japanese Restaurant TSM Bandung. This study uses quantitative methods with data collection techniques using literature study, observation, and distributing questionnaires with a descriptive and verification approach. The independent variable (X) in this study is meal experience which consists of several sub-dimensions, namely food and drink, variety in menu choice, level of service, price value for money, interior design, atmosphere and mood, location and accessibility, and food and beverage. beverage service employees and the dependent variable (Y) is customer satisfaction. Questionnaires were distributed to 112 consumers who visited and dined at Yoshinoya Japanese Restaurant TSM Bandung. The data analysis technique used is simple regression using the IBM SPSS for Mac 26.0 program. The results of the study based on the results of the meal experience variable has a significant influence with the coefficient of determination of 69.8% on customer satisfaction with a strong relationship. While the results of the partial test (t test) show that meal experience has a significant effect on customer satisfaction with a value of 15.963 because it is greater than the t table value of > 1.982. Thus, it is expected to increase the meal experience so that customer satisfaction increases.
Keberhasilan Pelaku Wirausaha dalam Mengembangkan Usahanya di Destinasi Wisata Danau Cipondoh Kota Tangerang, Provinsi Banten
Authors: Ratnaningtyas Heny Ratnaningtyas , Gantina Devita , Swantari Anita , Liza Marie Andhalia , Syaltut Abduh Mohammad
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurship education, family environment and personality on business success. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis using Smart PLS. The location of this research was conducted at the tourist destination of Lake Cipondoh. The sampling technique uses saturated sampling because the total population is the same as the number of samples, namely 63 entrepreneurs in the Lake Cipondoh tourist destination. The results of the study partially show that entrepreneurship education, family environment and personality have a significant effect on business success. Entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on business success, because in entrepreneurship education there is provision of skills in the form of self-development which can be understood as an effort to apply an entrepreneurial spirit and mentality. The family environment has a significant effect on business success, because from the family environment, entrepreneurs are inspired and receive support for entrepreneurship. namely high fighting power, courage and self-confidence, overcoming fear and anxiety, controlling every decision yourself, having an independent nature not depending on others. The value of the coefficient of determination of business success is 69.8%, the variable of business success is influenced by the variables of entrepreneurial education, family environment and personality.
Strategi Promosi untuk Homestay di Desa Wisata Pager Harjo Kecamatan Samigaluh, Kab. Kulon Progo, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Danurdara Ananta Budhi , Siahaan Rudy Parlindungan , Karsuki Lucky , Choirudin Nor Ismawanto , Wanti Wanti Arum
Published: April 2023

Kulon Progo Regency has many tourist destinations spread throughout the Kulon Progo Regency, both natural tourism, educational tourism, and religious tourism. One of them is in the Menoreh Mountains which is located in Samigaluh District, especially in the Pagerharjo Village area. Pagerharjo Village is one of the Tourism Villages which has various tourism potentials, both natural panoramas, arts, culture, customs, culinary and so on. To accommodate tourists who come to enjoy tourism potential, many homestays are developing which are still managed by traditional owners so that the occupancy of these homestays is still small. Therefore a marketing strategy is needed, namely the right promotion to increase the occupancy rate of homestay rooms. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that the promotion strategy that had been carried out was not planned in advance, only aimed at family guests and was still carried out using WOM (words of mouth). Promotions carried out through social media (facebook and Instagram) have not been carried out optimally and are not updated continuously. Expansion of the target market and promotional media through social media can be made more active and targeted to increase homestay occupancy rates. Besides, the role of KOMPEPAR/POKDARWIS is very important in assisting homestays so that they can develop promotional strategies that will be and have been carried out.
O estado da arte da Biofotônica
Authors: Schapochnik Adriana , Freitas Karina Alexandra Batista da Silva , Souza Karina Jullienne de Oliveira , Matta Rosimeire Fernandes da , Costa Sandra Batista da , Lizarelli Rosane de Fátima Zanirato
Published: April 2023

Uma das inovações tecnológicas que têm beneficiado as áreas da saúde é a Biofotônica. Constitui-se no emprego de diferentes fontes de luz para diagnosticar, tratar e preservar sistemas biológicos. Dependendo do mecanismo de interação da luz, com determinado tecido, sob certos parâmetros, diversas reações resultarão em diferentes possibilidades terapêuticas. Muito já evoluímos nessa modalidade, entretanto, a ciência, arte da curiosidade e conhecimento em descobrir, desenvolver e aplicar, pode ainda contribuir para que acadêmicos, pesquisadores e clínicos possam desfrutar das facilidades que a Luz proporciona ao bem-estar e saúde buscados pelos nossos pacientes. Esse capítulo disserta sobre onde estamos na Biofotônica. Trazemos uma síntese atualizada com aplicações mais atuais, empregando sistemas únicos ou híbridos de lasers e/ou LEDs (diodos emissores de luz), para as especialidades mais atuantes e preocupadas em levar ao paciente protocolos mais eficientes.
Maloclusão uma questão de saúde pública
Authors: Araújo Priscila Pinto Brandão de , Pascoal Carlos Eduarde Bezerra , Fernandes Diana Aparecida Athayde , Silva Fabiane Louly Baptista Santos
Published: April 2023

A oclusão dentária é definida como parte morfológica integrante de um sistema fisiológico maior, denominado sistema estomatognático, que desempenha importantes funções. As maloclusões, portanto, são definidas como desvios da normalidade das arcadas dentárias, do esqueleto facial ou de ambos, com reflexos variados nas diversas funções do aparelho estomatognático e na aparência dos indivíduos afetados. Além da influência sobre a aparência, os portadores de maloclusões, atualmente vêm recebendo maior atenção na odontologia em saúde coletiva devido ao declínio da experiência de cárie observado nos últimos anos. A maloclusão sendo um agravo à saúde tem que receber maior atenção, uma vez que ocupa a terceira maior prevalência dentre as doenças bucais, sendo inferior apenas à cárie e à doença periodontal, dados da OMS (SILVA-FILHO; FREITAS e CAVASSAN, 1990). Entretanto, vários estudos têm apontado prevalências estratificando as maloclusões em função de seus graus de severidade e das respectivas necessidades de tratamento ortodôntico (FRANÇA et al., 2002; SADAKYIO et al., 2004). O Índice de Estética Dental (DAI), é proposto para levantamentos epidemiológicos em saúde bucal, na 4ª edição do “Oral Health Surveys – basic methods” da OMS em 1997, incluíram novas seções de avaliação clínica como as anomalias dento-faciais, para determinar a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico e severidade da Maloclusão. O DAI é composto por dez variáveis, entre elas o número de dentes ausentes, apinhamentos e espaçamentos do segmento anterior, presença de diastema, presença de sobressaliência anterior superior e inferior e avaliação da relação ântero-posterior de molares, que recebem ponderações específicas, gerando um escore final, categorizado em quatro situações: sem maloclusão, escore até 25; maloclusão definida, escore entre 26 e 30; maloclusão grave, 28 escore entre 31 e 35; e maloclusão muito grave, escore maior ou igual a 36. Trata-se de um índice bastante utilizado e consolidado na literatura (BARBOSA; PIERINI e GALLO, 2018). A saúde bucal é parte integrante da saúde geral, os programas de saúde bucal deveriam ser vistos como componentes essenciais para os programas de saúde globais e serem os mais completos possíveis. O tratamento de desarmonias esqueléticas e faciais requer a intervenção com a ortodontia corretiva. Quando as maloclusões oferecerem implicações na vida do indivíduo além da estética, como dificuldades de saúde e de inserção social, o problema deve figurar entre as ações de saúde pública. Atualmente, muito negligenciado dentro das políticas de saúde (MOZELLI e NEGRETE, 2015; BARBOSA; PIERINI e GALLO, 2018).
Modulação estrogênica da dor relacionada à endometriose
Authors: Faíco Marina Matos de Moura
Published: April 2023

A endometriose caracteriza-se pela observação do tecido endometrial fora da cavidade uterina, na região pélvica e tecidos adjacentes ao útero, e pode desencadear sintomas que variam de dismenorreia a dores pélvicas intensas e infertilidade. Um sintoma chave na suspeita da doença é o surgimento ou a exacerbação de dismenorreia refratária ao tratamento convencional. Tem sido observada forte associação entre dor pélvica crônica e endometriose. Apesar disso, a etiologia, a fisiopatologia e as vias nociceptivas que desencadeiam os sintomas de dor na endometriose permanecem não compreendidas, o que tem resultado em intervenções terapêuticas não efetivas que comprometem a qualidade de vida e a fertilidade da mulher. A IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain) define a dor como uma experiência emocional, com sensação desagradável, associada à lesão tecidual presente, potencial ou descrita como tal43. Sendo assim, eis que a dor por si só poderia estabelecer uma interação cérebro-corpo através do estresse que provoca. Entretanto, o estresse “inflamatório periférico” – descrito na endometriose – e a potência de sintomas clínicos como a dor crônica podem por sua vez induzir a resposta à doença, a qual pode ser intitulada “inter-relação corpo-cérebro” (Figura 1) (TARIVERDIAN et al., 2007; WANG et al., 2021). Tal relação pode subsequentemente perpetuar a percepção do estresse e disparar a liberação de hormônio liberador de corticotropina (CRH) pelo sistema nervoso central (SNC) e dar início a alterações no comportamento, através da circulação aumentada de citocinas que cruzam a barreira hematoencefálica ou pela estimulação de vias aferentes vagais pelas citocinas pró-inflamatórias peritoneais (TARIVERDIAN et al., 2007; KONINCKX et al., 2021). A percepção do estresse agrava a angiogênese e a inflamação peritoneal, a dor crônica e a infertilidade em pacientes com endometriose via circuitos neurais envolvendo as catecolaminas, CRH, fator de crescimento neural (NGF), substância P (SP), e peptídeo relacionado com o gene da calcitonina (CGRP); isto pode ser referido como “inter-relação cérebro-corpo-cérebro” já que envolve a resposta central ao estresse. Como resultado, observa-se um ciclo vicioso “cérebro-corpo-cérebro” nas pacientes que sofrem com a endometriose (TARIVERDIAN et al., 2007; MARQUARDT et al., 2019; WANG et al., 2021).
Síndrome de Burnout: sintomas, métodos diagnósticos, estratégias de prevenção e tratamentos
Authors: Vanzeler Maria Luzinete Alves , Gonçalves Laís Santana
Published: April 2023

Nos últimos anos, o progresso da tecnologia e as exigências individuais e do mercado de trabalho têm gerado um quadro de tensão, insegurança e estresse nos profissionais, os quais fazem diversos sacrifícios físicos e emocionais de modo a atender a essas exigências, o que afeta diretamente na sua saúde mental, qualidade de vida e rendimento na sua área de atuação. Nesse sentido, a Síndrome de Burnout (SB) é tida como uma resposta ao estresse crônico e, assim, reconhecida pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como um problema de saúde pública por suas consequências não só para a saúde – adoecimento físico e psicológico –, mas também socioeconômicas – ausência do serviço, rotatividade dos profissionais e elevação de custos previdenciários (VIEIRA e RUSSO, 2019). Considera-se a SB como uma condição psicossocial ligada diretamente à situação laboral em que o trabalhador busca a realização pessoal através do trabalho, uma vez que se trata de um conceito formado por três áreas relacionadas, mas independentes: extenuação e esgotamento emocional, despersonalização e diminuição da realização profissional. Tais áreas se apresentam de diferentes formas, como; falta de energia, exaustão, esgotamento mental e físico; insensibilidade emocional; autoavaliação depreciativa, infelicidade e insatisfação profissional, dentre outros sinais e sintomas apresentados pelos trabalhadores (MORENO et al., 2018). Atualmente, qualquer grupo ocupacional pode desenvolver a Síndrome de Burnout, porém, grande parte dos estudos tem foco nas profissões mais vulneráveis a doenças ocupacionais identificadas pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT), como os profissionais de saúde (SILVEIRA et al., 2016; TAWFIK et al., 2019). Além disso, em decorrência da pandemia pelo novo coronavírus, Sars-Cov-2, os profissionais de saúde tiveram suas cargas de trabalho elevadas, com enorme carga de tensão e insegurança devido às incertezas em relação a nova doença, a alta taxa de contaminação e mortalidade pelo vírus, distanciamento familiar, bem como condições de trabalho reduzidas – falta de suprimentos e EPIs. Tal situação, levou-os a quadros de estresse e ansiedade, o que impactou profundamente a saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde que estão na linha de frente no combate ao novo vírus (LAUNER, 2020). Considerando o presente cenário de saúde no Brasil e os momentos vividos nos anos de 2020 e 2021, ápice da pandemia no país, objetiva-se, neste estudo, descrever os principais sintomas, métodos diagnósticos, estratégias de prevenção e tratamentos psicoterápicos e farmacológicos da Síndrome de Burnout.
Molecular and Serological Detection of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and its Relation to ABO Blood Gropus in Thi-Qar Province/South Iraq
Authors: Bushra Jabbar Hamad
Published: April 2023

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections are a significant public health problem all over the world. Among infectious disease, Hepatitis B virus is of great concern because of their prolonged viraemia and carrier or latent state. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of HBV among blood donors of Thi-Qar province and to evaluate the association of ABO blood type to HBV infections. The anti-HBc and HBs Ag technique was implemented to detect the presence of HBV, and the real-time PCR used to determinant HPV DNA in blood samples. The tube method used to detect blood group. This study was conducted on 200 serum samples from different age groups. The results showed that 3.5% of positive anti-HBc individuals, gave positive results for HBsAg by ELISA III technique and 5.5% of cases gave positive results for HBV DNA by real-time PCR. The ABO finding showed that the highest percentage of HBV infections were among patients of blood 97 (48.5%), followed by blood group B 68(34%) and blood group A 42(21%), while the lowest percentage was among patients of blood group AB 3(1.5%). The most important points concluded from the current study, that is the low infection percentage of HBV in Thi-Qar province (5.5%). And the ABO blood type may have an important role in HBV infection.
Synthesis, Characterization of some New 4-Thiazolidinone of Acenaphthoquinone
Authors: Muntaha .Y. Hayal  , Mahmood Shakir Magtoof
Published: April 2023

This work summarized with Synthesis  of schiff's bases 1(a-c) from reaction of parent compound acenaphthoquinon with primary amines . Treating of imines compounds with thioglycolic acid was produced  thiazolidinone derivatives 2 (a-c) .The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by using some spectroscopic analysis such as FT.IR ,  1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral
Effect of Direct Coupling on Electronic Transport and Thermoelectric Properties of Single Pyrene Molecule
Authors: Mohammed. N. Mutier  , Lafy F. Al-Badry
Published: April 2023

Electron transport characteristics through a single pyrene molecule, which connects with two metallic electrodes, are investigated by using of steady-state theoretical formalism. The transmission probability, I-V characteristics and thermoelectric properties are studied according to the influence of direct coupling between donor and acceptor. The new path between the donor and acceptor provides a direct route for the transfer of electrons between the donor and the acceptor, as well as the transfer of electrons across the molecule. We find the electronic transport properties improve by increasing donor-acceptor coupling factor.
Nanomechanics: Aeronautics and Aerospace Prospect
Authors: Tan Bo
Published: April 2023

Nanomechanics are the branch of nanotechnology that studies the behaviour of nanomaterials, nanostructures and nanosystems. The studied subjects includes nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, nanoshells, nanomembranes, nanocoatings, nanocomposites, nanofluids, nanomotors, thin films, thin foils, and NanoEelectroMechanicalSystems (NEMS) etc. In a broader sense, nanomechanics also include nanofabrication, nanometrology and instrumentation for characterization in nanoscale. Without the tools and methods of characterization at nanoscale, it is not possible to gain insight of the properties of nanomaterials, nanostructures and nanosystems and manufacturing processes exert great influence, sometimes, determine the characteristics of the nanoscale materials, structures and systems.  
Non-process elements in the recovery cycle of six Finnish kraft pulp mills
Authors: KARLEMO CAMILLA , ENGLBLOM MARKUS , VAKKILAINEN ESA
Published: April 2023

In this work, the aim was to study the distribution and accumulation of the non-process elements (NPEs) in the recovery cycle of Finnish pulp mills and look at whether the geographical location (North vs. South) correlates with the current Finnish NPE levels. In addition, a comparison to older similar Finnish measurements was made with an attempt to analyze the reasons behind differences in the most typical non-process elements, aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), chlorine (Cl), and potassium (K), taking into account the main elements in the white liquor, sodium (Na) and sulfur (S). The extensive laboratory results gained in this study are from seven sampling points at six pulp mills and present analytical data of metal concentrations.
The data obtained presents an update to previous NPE studies. The levels found did not statistically differ between North and South Finland. The NPE levels, apart from phosphorus, found in Finnish pulp mills today have not changed considerably compared to the levels in earlier investigations in the 1990s. In the newest data, the phosphorus concentration was consistently higher in the as-fired black liquor, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) ash, lime mud, and green liquor than in the previous results. In addition, the levels of Al, Si, Ca, P, and Mg in recovery boiler ESP ash were consistently higher compared to the older results. As the mills start to close their systems more, a stronger accumulation of NPEs can be expected, increasing the likelihood of more operational problems in the process. Further understanding of where the NPEs accumulate and how they can be most effectively removed will be valuable knowledge in the future.
Techno-economic analysis of hydrothermal carbonization of pulp mill biosludge
Authors: SAARI JUSSI , MARTINEZ CLARA MENDOZA , KUPARINEN KATJA , LIPIÄINEN SATU , HAMAGUCHI MARCELO , CARDOSO MARCELO , VAKKILAINEN ESA , HAIDER MARKUS
Published: April 2023

For many mills, the biosludge from wastewater treatment is difficult to recycle or dispose of. This makes it a challenging side stream and an important issue for chemical pulping. It often ends up being burned in the recovery or biomass boiler, although the moisture and non-process element (NPE) contents make it a problematic fuel. Biosludge has proven resistant to attempts to reduce its moisture. When incinerated in the biomass boiler, the heat from dry matter combustion is often insufficient to yield positive net heat. Mixing the sludge with black liquor in the evaporator plant for incineration in the recovery boiler is more energy efficient, but is still an additional load on the evaporator plant, as well as introducing NPEs to the liquor. In this study, treating the biosludge by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), a mild thermochemical conversion technology, is investigated. The HTC process has some notable advantages for biosludge treatment; taking place in water, it is well suited for sludge, and the hydrochar product is much easier to dewater than untreated sludge.
In this study, two HTC plant designs are simulated using IPSEpro process simulation software, followed by economic analysis. Low temperature levels are used to minimize investment costs and steam consumption. The results show that if the sludge is incinerated in a biomass boiler, payback periods could be short at likely electricity prices. The HTC treatment before mixing the sludge with black liquor in the evaporator plant is profitable only if the freed evaporator capacity can be used to increase the firing liquor dry solids content.
The Rule of Law and Jury Trials
Authors: Peters Raymond
Published: April 2023

In The Rule of Law in the Real World, Paul Gowder presents a new account of the rule of law based on three conditions: publicity, regularity, and generality. In this essay, I examine two closely related questions that are prompted by Gowder’s version of the rule of law. First, does the rule of law require citizens to follow the law? Second, what does Gowder’s account mean for jury nullification? I argue that the rule of law does not require citizens to follow the law, but it does prohibit jury nullification. A discussion of some moral implications and objections follow.
On the Governance of Women’s Rights in Taliban Afghanistan
Authors: Graham Molly
Published: April 2023

Since the Taliban resumed political power in Afghanistan in August 2021, their total application of strict Sharia Law has demanded global attention. This paper theorizes that, in pursuit of social order, the Taliban has enacted a civil religion to justify their complete reversion of women’s rights as a public good. I examine Afghanistan's social contact through the political philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau and suggest why the intended social order has not materialized. In conclusion, I depict the erosion of women's rights as a matter of structural injustice and incite critical reflexivity towards our responsibility for global justice.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE IN THE SPHERE OF INFORMAL EDUCATION
Authors:   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Yemanov V. , Trobyuk V. ,   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Bielai S. ,   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine
Published: April 2023

It has been proven that the National Guard of Ukraine is on the path of development following the example of the security and defense forces of the leading countries of the world. It has been determined that the issue of replenishment of full-time units of the National Guard of Ukraine with officers is currently a pressing issue. New challenges naturally lead to a rational solution. It was noted that a key stage in the process of modernization and renewal of the National Guard of Ukraine is the formation of a modern system of military education on the basis of the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to find modern approaches to the innovative development of non-formal education at the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine based on a study of the state of military education reform in Ukraine based on the experience of NATO member countries. It has been proven that well-founded changes in the military education system will allow to control and adjust the training process at the tactical and operational levels, taking into account the experience of performing combat (special) tasks by the National Guard of Ukraine during the repulsion of armed aggression. In addition, the implementation of an optimal combination of formal and informal education systems will ensure the necessary balance of timeliness of training and optimality of time for it, will contribute to the unification in the global network of NATO training and the achievement of significantly higher indicators of professional training of officers compared to the past. It is proposed to start new structural divisions in the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine, which will meet high standards in the field of quality assurance of higher education, as well as the requirements of European and Euro-Atlantic integration of education of the security and defense sector of Ukraine. Such is the Center for retraining and professional development, which will include the department of professional training, the department of language training, the division (subdivision) of instructors, the cyclical commission for training drivers, as well as the management of the course of acquirers. In addition, it is appropriate to create a simulation modeling center consisting of two scientific research departments and a technical support department, which is designed to support all training, training and scientific activities using modern simulation modeling systems. The directions of further scientific research will be aimed at researching innovative approaches to the development of the military education system in higher military educational institutions of Ukraine.
FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF INTERACTION IN ENSURING THE SECURITY OF DIPLOMATIC OBJECTS
Authors:   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Volkov I. , Bielai S. ,   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Tkachenko O. ,   Kyiv Institute of the National Guard of Ukraine
Published: April 2023

One of the priority directions of our state policy is to ensure the national interests of Ukraine in all spheres of activity and interstate cooperation, as well as the appropriate level of external and internal security. They are the key to preserving sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and further sustainable development. Such a goal can be achieved by maintaining peaceful and mutually beneficial cooperation with all international subjects based on established norms and principles of international law. An important role in the implementation of such activities is played by the representatives of the diplomatic corps of the states that take a direct part in it. Therefore, the creation of proper conditions for the functioning of diplomatic missions of foreign states on the territory of our country is included in the list of priority tasks of state administration. One of the elements of this activity is ensuring the security of objects of diplomatic assignment in various conditions of the social and political situation. Taking into account that security measures are usually taken by various structural divisions of the state security sector, there is a constant need to solve and improve organizational issues of their communication in terms of the issues of establishing cooperation to achieve a positive result. The article considers separate issues of the formation of a conceptual and terminological apparatus, as well as ways of organizing interaction between authorized entities that perform the task of ensuring the security of diplomatic objects in Ukraine. At the very beginning, attention is paid to the organization of interaction between military units and units of the National Guard of Ukraine and other structural components of the state security sector, as one of the main prerequisites for quality performance of tasks. Analysis of interaction planning processes is carried out, which is considered in the form of a multi-element system of measures, necessary and sufficient for the performance of service-combat tasks aimed at ensuring the security of diplomatic objects in Ukraine. Formulation of separate recommendations on the organization of interaction using the planning table of interaction and management (synchronization matrix) and the interaction plan for ensuring the security of the object of diplomatic mission is carried out.
METHODS OF DETERMINING THE RATIONAL WAY OF ACTIONS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE AFTER TERMINATION GROUP ILLEGAL ACTIONS OF CONVICTS IN PENALTIES
Authors:   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Petik A. , Trobyuk V. ,   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The article defines and reveals the essence of the following typical features of the process of stopping group illegal actions of convicts in penal institutions by the forces of the National Guard of Ukraine: specificity of the environment, thorough preparation, coordination with other services, ensuring security and minimizing consequences. The main limitations that must be taken into account during research are formulated: legality, proportionality, short duration, preservation of life and health, attentiveness and caution, protection of rights and freedoms. It is shown that a number of assumptions were taken into account during the construction of the methodology for determining the rational course of action of the National Guard of Ukraine to stop group illegal actions of convicts in penal institutions. The essence and main stages of the methodology for determining the rational method of action of the National Guard of Ukraine to stop group illegal actions of convicts in penal institutions are given. The methodology for determining the rational method of action of the National Guard of Ukraine to stop group illegal actions of convicts in penal institutions involves the implementation of five main stages. It is illustrated that the analytical basis of the methodology proposed in the article for determining the rational method of actions of the National Guard of Ukraine to stop group illegal actions of convicts in penal institutions is a discrete-continuous stochastic model of the actions of the National Guard of Ukraine to stop group illegal actions of convicts in penal institutions. This discrete-continuous stochastic model is implemented programmatically on the basis of a standard subroutine for the numerical integration of Kolmogorov-Chapman differential equations written in the ASNA 2000 software environment. The formalization of the methodology proposed in the article for determining the rational method of action of the National Guard of Ukraine to stop group illegal actions of convicts in penal institutions can be implemented on the basis of analytical expressions to determine its effectiveness indicators.
APPROACH TO THE STAFFING OF TRAINING SUPPORT UNITS OF THE STATE DEFENSE FORCES
Authors:   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Sukonko S. , Palka V. ,   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Kozlov V. ,   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The State Defense Forces are understood as the Armed Forces of Ukraine, military formations, law enforcement and other bodies that are entrusted with the functions of ensuring the defense of the state. The main goal of training any military unit is constant combat readiness to perform assigned tasks. In accordance with the State Defense Forces Training Doctrine, training is divided into: combat training and personnel training. Combat training (individual and collective training of military personnel) is carried out in military units, and personnel training is carried out in military educational institutions. For high-quality training, the personnel of combat subunits of military units and cadets of military educational institutions must be constantly present during classes. At the same time, the military personnel should not be distracted by other activities, especially such as being on duty and doing household work. Certain activities must be carried out by training support units. For this purpose, we made an analysis of the activities of military units, military educational institutions and developed an approach to staffing of the training support units of the State Defense Forces. In accordance with the developed approach, training support units should be in each military unit and military educational institutions. These units should consist of at least two structural elements that will provide: ? round-the-clock securing the military units (educational institutions) facilities; ? carrying out the permit regime; ? perform household and other work that is carried out in military units (educational institutions) for the purpose of their functioning. Staffing of the training support units of the State Defense Forces using the developed approach will allow for combat training and training of personnel without their separation from being on duty and housekeeping.
RATIONALE WORKING METHODOLOGY HEAD OF THE FOOD SERVICE IN ORGANIZING CONSERVATION AND DE-CONSERVATION TRAILER KITCHEN KP-125 (KP-125M)
Authors:   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Pavlenko S. , Shevchenko A. ,   The main training center for personnel of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine from the rear
Published: April 2023

At the present stage of development of the use of the Armed Forces and the National Guard, along with the improvement of means of destruction of troops, new methods of conducting operations have been developed and implemented in the leading countries of the world. Unlike in the past, when the most intense combat operations were conducted on the line of combat contact between the parties and in the near tactical depths, the maneuverable nature of combat operations causes intensive movement of vehicles in difficult road conditions with frequent overcoming of obstacles, which leads to increased wear of components and assemblies, which may result in the failure of weapons and military equipment. Obviously, during combat operations, weapons and military equipment will fail both as a result of enemy fire on troops and due to a decrease in the reliability of weapons and military equipment. In peacetime, the failure of weapons and military equipment in the Armed Forces and the National Guard of Ukraine is largely due to the duration of their operation and long-term storage, as the samples show deterioration of the technical condition of elements and materials due to their aging, corrosion, and the appearance of residual deformations in the details of components and assemblies. Storage of machinery and equipment is one of the main elements of operation. Reliability and constant readiness for use of machinery and equipment kept in storage is achieved by high quality of work on preparation of machines for storage, systematic monitoring of their technical condition, timely maintenance and testing during storage, as well as implementation of measures that ensure the removal and preparation of machinery and equipment for use after storage in a short time. Ensuring the serviceable condition and proper operation of technical means of food service intended for cooking and transportation of food in the field (for example, KP-125, KP-125M) is one of the main tasks facing the head of the food service now. Operation is the totality of all phases of a technical asset's existence from the moment it is taken into balance sheet accounting until it is written off, including periods of storage, transportation, intended use, as well as all types of maintenance and repair. Storage is the maintenance of serviceable and specially prepared (mothballed) technical means in a condition that ensures their storage, serviceability and readiness within the established timeframe. There are two types of storage: short-term storage for no more than three months and long-term storage for more than three months.
ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY COMMAND AND CONTROL AND MORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT STRUCTURES TO MAINTAIN AND RESTORE THE COMBAT CAPACITY OF FORMATIONS (MILITARY UNITS) OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE
Authors:   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Lipatov I. , Lavnichenko O. ,   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Hodlevskyi S. ,   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The use of aviation, high-precision weapons, high-explosive and individually guided munitions, reconnaissance strike systems in combat creates the prerequisites for inflicting large losses on combat units in a short period of time, as well as for disrupting control and support systems. The following assessment of combat capability is given in research: full combat capability means that the formation is capable to both attack and defend; partial combat capability (1st stage) means that the formation is capable to defend and attack to a limited extent; partial combat capability (2nd stage) means that the formation is not capable to advance, but is capable to perform defensive actions to a limited extent; complete inability means that the formation is unable to either attack or defend. Recovery could last from a day to several weeks. Maintaining and timely restoring the combat capability includes detection and destruction of the enemy's means of attack; execution of the missions with the least loss of personnel, weapons, and military equipment; reliable air defense; quick restoration of equipment and weapons; ensuring stable command and control; maintaining the morale and psychological state of personnel, their mental stability and psychological readiness at a level that ensures performance of assigned tasks. Restoring the combat capability of units includes restoration of broken control; clarifying the combat tasks of units that have retained combat capability; withdrawal units that suffered significant losses to the areas of restoration of their combat capability; replenishment of units with personnel, weapons, equipment, and material means.