bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-loss liquid metal interconnects for superconducting quantum circuits
Authors: Yao Zhancheng , Sandberg Martin , Abraham David W. , Bishop David J.
Published: June 2024

Building a modular architecture with superconducting quantum computing chips is one of the means to achieve qubit scalability, allowing the screening, selection, replacement, and integration of individual qubit modules into large quantum systems. However, the nondestructive replacement of modules within a compact architecture remains a challenge. Liquid metals, specifically gallium alloys, can be alternatives to solid-state galvanic interconnects. This is motivated by their self-healing, self-aligning, and other desirable fluidic properties, potentially enabling the nondestructive replacement of modules at room temperatures, even after operating the entire system at millikelvin regimes. In this study, we present coplanar waveguide resonators (CPWRs) interconnected by gallium alloy droplets, achieving high internal quality factors up to nearly one million and demonstrating performance on par with the continuous solid-state CPWRs. Leveraging the desirable fluidic properties of gallium alloys at room temperature and their compact design, we envision a modular quantum system enabled by liquid metals.
Observation of a non-trivial in-plane field-like torque due to out-of-plane spin polarization in Al/Ni80Fe20/AlOx heterostructures
Authors: Mudgal Richa , Gupta Pankhuri , Das Samaresh , Muduli P. K.
Published: June 2024

We performed spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance studies on the Al/NiFe/AlOx heterostructure. We observed a large non-trivial field-like torque, τFLz, due to the out-of-plane spin polarization, despite the lack of heavy metal in our multilayer. The torque conductivity is found to be significant with a value equal to σFLz=(21±2)ℏ2e×103 Ω−1m−1. From a detailed Al thickness dependence, we show that τFLz arises from the interface between Al and NiFe. We demonstrate that the observed τFLz arises from the spin-swapping mechanism at the Al/NiFe interface rather than the orbital Hall effect of Al. This observation of a non-trivial spin–orbit torque in the low-cost light element, Al, is highly significant for the energy-efficient control of spintronic devices.
Chaos and extinction risks of sexually reproductive generalist top predator in a seasonally forced food chain system with Allee effect
Authors: Mandal Sayan , Sk Nazmul , Kumar Tiwari Pankaj , Kumar Upadhyay Ranjit
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the dynamics of a tritrophic food chain model incorporating an Allee effect, sexually reproductive generalist top predators, and Holling type IV and Beddington–DeAngelis functional responses for interactions across different trophic levels. Analytically, we explore the feasible equilibria, their local stability, and various bifurcations, including Hopf, saddle-node, transcritical, and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations. Numerical findings suggest that higher Allee intensity in prey growth leads to the inability of species coexistence, resulting in a decline in species density. Likewise, a lower reproduction rate and a higher strength of intraspecific competition among top predators also prevent the coexistence of species. Conversely, a rapid increase in the reproduction rate and a decrease in the strength of intraspecific competition among top predators enhance the densities of prey and top predators while decreasing intermediate predator density. We also reveal the presence of bistability and tristability phenomena within the system. Furthermore, we extend our autonomous model to its nonautonomous counterpart by introducing seasonally perturbed parameters. Numerical analysis of the nonautonomous model reveals that higher seasonal strength in the reproduction rate and intraspecific competition of top predators induce chaotic behavior, which is also confirmed by the maximum Lyapunov exponent. Additionally, we observe that seasonality may lead to the extinction of species from the ecosystem. Factors such as the Allee effect and growth rate of prey can cause periodicity in population densities. Understanding these trends is critical for controlling changes in population density within the ecosystem. Ecologists, environmentalists, and policymakers stand to benefit significantly from the invaluable insights garnered from this study. Specifically, our findings offer pivotal guidance for shaping future strategies aimed at safeguarding biodiversity and maintaining ecological stability amidst changing environmental conditions. By contributing to the existing body of knowledge, our study advances the field of ecological science, enhancing the comprehension of predator–prey dynamics across diverse ecological conditions.
Controlled ion transport in the subsurface: A coupled advection–diffusion–electromigration system
Authors: Tang Kunning , Bo Zhenkai , Li Zhe , Da Wang Ying , McClure James , Su Hongli , Mostaghimi Peyman , Armstrong Ryan T.
Published: June 2024

Ion transport within saturated porous media is an intricate process in which efficient ion delivery is desired in many engineering problems. However, controlling the behavior of ion transport proves challenging, as ion transport is influenced by a variety of driving mechanisms, which requires a systematic understanding. Herein, we study a coupled advection–diffusion–electromigration system for controlled ion transport within porous media using the scaling analysis. Using the Lattice–Boltzmann–Poisson method, we establish a transport regime classification based on an Advection Diffusion Index (ADI) and a novel Electrodiffusivity Index (EDI) for a two-dimensional (2D) microchannel model under various electric potentials, pressure gradients, and concentration conditions. The resulting transport regimes can be well controlled by changing the applied electric potential, the pressure field, and the injected ions concentration. Furthermore, we conduct numerical simulations in a synthetic 2D porous media and an x-ray microcomputed tomography sandstone image to validate the prevailing transport regime. The simulation results highlight that the defined transport regime observed in our simple micromodel domain is also observed in the synthetic two- and three-dimensional domains, but the boundary between each transport regime differs depending on the variation of the pore size within a given domain. Consequently, the proposed ADI and EDI emerge as dimensionless indicators for controlled ion transport. Overall, our proof-of-concept for ion transport control in porous media is demonstrated under advection–diffusion–electromigration transport, demonstrating the richness of transport regimes that can develop and provide future research directions for subsurface engineering applications.
Floating wind turbine response in uni- and multi-directional nonlinear waves by numerical and experimental investigations
Authors: Ning Dezhi , Deng Sijia , Liu Yingyi , Zhou Yu , Chen Lifen
Published: June 2024

Natural sea waves are typically multi-directional. However, the existing studies on the interaction of waves and structures mostly concentrate on uni-directional waves. In this study, using a higher-order boundary element method based on the nonlinear potential flow theory and the perturbation expansion technique, a numerical model is developed to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of a semi-submersible wind turbine foundation in uni- and multi-directional waves. Comprehensive validations with the wave-tank experiment are conducted. It is found that the significant platform response increases with the peak wave period in uni-directional irregular waves, while the high-frequency “energy” ratio changes little. The significant wave height hardly influences motion responses from either the time- or the frequency-domain perspective. In multi-directional irregular waves, the translational motions exhibit monotonicity with wave directionality. The energy concentration around the primary direction leads to a dominant wave-frequency motion and an increase in the high-frequency “energy” ratio. Although the individual modal motion responses are variable functions of wave nonlinearity, their averaged translational and rotational motions are nearly constant, indicating an energy transition or a trade-off relationship among the modal motions. In addition, unlike the uni-directional wave case, the low- and high-frequency “energy” ratios increase quadratically and decrease linearly with the significant wave height in multi-directional waves, respectively. All these findings demonstrate that wave directionality can change the wave–structure interaction properties and therefore needs to be adequately considered in engineering applications.
Tunable spike-timing-dependent plasticity in magnetic skyrmion manipulation chambers
Authors: Khodzhaev Zulfidin , Incorvia Jean Anne C.
Published: June 2024

Magnetic skyrmions, as scalable and nonvolatile spin textures, can dynamically interact with fields and currents, making them promising for unconventional computing. This paper presents a neuromorphic device based on skyrmion manipulation chambers to implement spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), a mechanism for unsupervised learning in brain-inspired computing. STDP adjusts synaptic weights based on the timing of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic spikes. The proposed three-chamber design encodes synaptic weight in the number of skyrmions in the center chamber, with left and right chambers for pre- and post-synaptic spikes, respectively. Micromagnetic simulations demonstrate that the timing between applied currents across the chambers controls the final skyrmion count (weight). The device exhibits adaptability and learning capabilities by manipulating chamber parameters, mimicking Hebbian and dendritic location-based plasticity. The device's ability to maintain state post-write highlights its potential for advancing adaptable neuromorphic devices.
Frequency-domain multiplexing of SNSPDs with tunable superconducting resonators
Authors: Sypkens Sasha , Minutolo Lorenzo , Patel Sahil , Knehr Emanuel , Walter Alexander B. , Leduc Henry G. , Narváez Lautaro , Chamberlin Ralph , Jamison-Hooks Tracee , Shaw Matthew D. , Day Peter K. , Korzh Boris
Published: June 2024

This work culminates in a demonstration of an alternative frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) scheme for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) using the kinetic inductance parametric up-converter (KPUP) made out of NbTiN. There are multiple multiplexing architectures for SNSPDs that are already in use, but FDM could prove superior in applications where the operational bias currents are very low, especially for mid-infrared and far-infrared SNSPDs. Previous FDM schemes integrated the SNSPD within the resonator, while, in this work, we use an external resonator, which gives more flexibility to optimize the SNSPD architecture. The KPUP is a DC-biased superconducting λ/2 resonator that is sensitive to current perturbations. When coupled to an SNSPD, the KPUP can be used to read out current pulses on a few μA scale. The KPUP is made out of NbTiN, which has a large kinetic inductance and a high operating temperature. Meanwhile, the SNSPD is made from WSi, which is a popular material for broadband SNSPDs. A software-defined radio platform and a graphics processing unit are used to read out the KPUP and SNSPD array. Frequency-domain multiplexed SNSPDs have applications in astronomy, remote sensing, exoplanet science, dark matter detection, and quantum sensing.
Superior sodiophilicity and molecule crowding of crown ether boost the electrochemical performance of all-climate sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Yao Qian , Zheng Cheng , Ji Deluo , Du Yingzhe , Su Jie , Wang Nana , Yang Jian , Dou Shixue , Qian Yitai
Published: June 2024

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as one of the promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries have achieved remarkable progress in the past. However, the all-climate performance is still very challenging for SIBs. Herein, 15-Crown-5 (15-C-5) is screened as an electrolyte additive from a number of ether molecules theoretically. The good sodiophilicity, high molecule rigidity, and bulky size enable it to reshape the solvation sheath and promote the anion engagement in the solvated structures by molecule crowding. This change also enhances Na-ion transfer, inhibits side reactions, and leads to a thin and robust solid–electrolyte interphase. Furthermore, the electrochemical stability and operating temperature windows of the electrolyte are extended. These profits improve the electrochemical performance of SIBs in all climates, much better than the case without 15-C-5. This improvement is also adopted to μ-Sn, μ-Bi, hard carbon, and MoS
2
. This work opens a door to prioritize the potential molecules in theory for advanced electrolytes.
An interstrand DNA crosslink glycosylase aids
Acinetobacter baumannii
pathogenesis
Authors: Kunkle Dillon E. , Cai Yujuan , Eichman Brandt F. , Skaar Eric P.
Published: June 2024

Maintenance of DNA integrity is essential to all forms of life. DNA damage generated by reaction with genotoxic chemicals results in deleterious mutations, genome instability, and cell death. Pathogenic bacteria encounter several genotoxic agents during infection. In keeping with this, the loss of DNA repair networks results in virulence attenuation in several bacterial species. Interstrand DNA crosslinks (ICLs) are a type of DNA lesion formed by covalent linkage of opposing DNA strands and are particularly toxic as they interfere with replication and transcription. Bacteria have evolved specialized DNA glycosylases that unhook ICLs, thereby initiating their repair. In this study, we describe AlkX, a DNA glycosylase encoded by the multidrug resistant pathogen
Acinetobacter baumannii
. AlkX exhibits ICL unhooking activity similar to that of its
Escherichia coli
homolog YcaQ. Interrogation of the in vivo role of AlkX revealed that its loss sensitizes cells to DNA crosslinking and impairs
A. baumannii
colonization of the lungs and dissemination to distal tissues during pneumonia. These results suggest that AlkX participates in
A. baumannii
pathogenesis and protects the bacterium from stress conditions encountered in vivo. Consistent with this, we found that acidic pH, an environment encountered during host colonization, results in
A. baumannii
DNA damage and that a
lkX
is induced by, and contributes to, defense against acidic conditions. Collectively, these studies reveal functions for a recently described class of proteins encoded in a broad range of pathogenic bacterial species.
Voice and transitivity in Äiwoo and Engdewu
Authors: Næss Åshild
Published: June 2024

This paper examines the structural and functional links between symmetrical voice systems, typologically unusual and characteristic of western Austronesian languages, and systems of accusative alignment. It compares the clausal patterns of two closely related languages, Äiwoo and Engdewu, where one is analysed as having symmetrical voice and the other as having accusative alignment. It argues that the usage patterns in Äiwoo point towards a possible path of reanalysis from one type of system to another, and that this involves two key factors: increased importance of referentiality of the patient argument as a condition for the choice between two alternative constructions, and loss of the distinction between subject and nonsubject actors in two domains of grammar. Referentiality in particular, being a key factor in the concept of transitivity as it is understood in the typological literature, provides a promising avenue for better understanding the relationships between the two types of system.
Hexadecapole at the heart of nonlinear electromagnetic fields
Authors: Bokulić Ana , Jurić Tajron , Smolić Ivica
Published: June 2024

In classical Maxwell’s electromagnetism, the monopole term of the electric field is proportional to r
−2, while higher order multipole terms, sourced by anisotropic sources, fall-off faster. However, in nonlinear electromagnetism even a spherically symmetric field has multipole-like contributions. We prove that the leading subdominant term of the electric field, defined by nonlinear electromagnetic Lagrangian obeying Maxwellian weak field limit, in a static, spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat spacetime, is of the order

O
(

r

−
6

)

as

r
→
∞

. Moreover, using Lagrange inversion theorem and Faà di Bruno’s formula, we derive the series expansion of the electric field from the Taylor series of an analytic electromagnetic Lagrangian.
Characterizing fabric crease recovery through sequential image analysis
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Wang Lei , Li Zhongjian , Pan Ruru , Zhou Jian , Gao Weidong
Published: June 2024

Crease recovery is the ability of a fabric to revert to its original condition after deformation or folding. This recovery process is intricately linked to several fabric properties, including fiber content, yarn structure, weave, fabric finish, and mechanical treatments. Based on the dynamic nature of crease recovery, this paper employs sequential image analysis to track the velocity of fabric crease recovery at different positions and extract simple metrics for measuring fabric shape retention. In each image, the contour of the creased sample is detected, and the contour is modeled by a Gaussian function to calculate its barycenter. The barycenter of a crease is the point in space where the mass of the crease is concentrated, reflecting the shape and position of the crease. During the recovery process, the translation of the barycenter of the creased sample can be determined from the sequential images, leading to the calculation of crease’s recovery velocity. Experimental results demonstrate a linear relationship between the barycentric velocity and logarithmic time. The slope of the resulting fit line, designated as the crease coefficient k, serves as a singular metric for assessing the fabric’s shape retention following the release of the crease. This methodology is benchmarked against traditional fabric crease behavior tests, including the draping coefficient, bending length, and crease recovery angle. It demonstrates that the crease coefficient k offers greater reliability and accuracy across tests on 10 diverse fabric samples, which varied in terms of fiber content, weave, yarn size, and density.
Integrable operators,

∂
―

-problems, KP and NLS hierarchy
Authors: Bertola M , Grava T , Orsatti G
Published: June 2024

We develop the theory of integrable operators

K

acting on a domain of the complex plane with smooth boundary in analogy with the theory of integrable operators acting on contours of the complex plane. We show how the resolvent operator is obtained from the solution of a

∂
―

-problem in the complex plane. When such a

∂
―

-problem depends on auxiliary parameters we define its Malgrange one form in analogy with the theory of isomonodromic problems. We show that the Malgrange one form is closed and coincides with the exterior logarithmic differential of the Hilbert–Carleman determinant of the operator

K

. With suitable choices of the setup we show that the Hilbert–Carleman determinant is a τ-function of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) or nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchies.
Mechanical metastructure with embedded phononic crystal for flexural wave attenuation
Authors: Liu Long , Wan Kim Ji , Yoon Gil Ho , Yi Bing
Published: June 2024

Destructive interference-based metamaterials have shown excellent characteristics in elastic wave manipulation and vibration attenuation. Nevertheless, challenges persist in the application due to limited space and lightweight design, as current metastructures require additional beam structure. To simplify the design of metamaterials for flexural wave manipulation, this paper presents a new class of embedded phononic crystal for manipulating flexural wave propagation in both one and two-dimensional space by taking advantage of destructive interference, which can effectively suppress the mechanical vibration of a beam structure with a broad band gap. The flexural wave dispersion characteristic in a non-uniform beam structure is derived based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, and an embedded phononic structure with the mechanism of destructive interference is presented to demonstrate its effectiveness in mitigating mechanical vibration. Subsequently, four typical units of embedded phononic structures are designed for attenuating flexural wave propagation in a beam structure. Finally, both numerical simulations, including one and two-dimensional phononic crystals, and physical experiments are implemented to evaluate the performance of the presented metastructure for flexural wave manipulation, which indicates that the proposed embedded phononic structures can effectively mitigate structural vibration in the low-frequency domain. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to design the metabeam with embedded phononic structures by taking advantage of destructive interference.
A platform to study defect-induced behavior in high-temperature superconductor cables
Authors: Ibekwe Richard T , Riva Nicolò , Whyte Dennis G , Sanchez Vanessa J , Hartwig Zachary S
Published: June 2024

High-temperature superconductor (HTS) cables and magnets are enabling a range of high-current and high-field applications, including compact fusion devices aiming to achieve net energy. Defects in HTS pose manufacturing, cost, and operational challenges. A rigorous understanding and predictive capability for defect-induced behavior at relevant scale has not been established. To address this shortcoming, we have developed a cable-level defect characterization experimental platform coupled to high-fidelity computational modeling. The cable (

I
c

∼

438 A at 77.4 K, self-field) comprises a non-twisted 70 cm-long copper former containing a soldered stack of five rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes (each with

I
c

= 115.7 A/4 mm-w at 77.4 K, self-field), which can contain a variety of induced defects. Spatially-resolved electric fields are measured with a high-density voltage tap array and absolute current distribution with six custom-wound embedded Rogowski coils. 3D circuit modeling uses nodal analysis and self-consistently accounts for the magnetic field dependence of critical current. The model successfully predicts the experimentally measured spatial and operating current dependencies of electric field and current distribution with no defects, one defect, and two defects, validating the defect characterization platform as a tool for improving the design, cost, fabrication, and operation of REBCO cables.
Primordial black holes and induced gravitational waves in non-singular matter bouncing cosmology
Authors: Papanikolaou Theodoros , Banerjee Shreya , Cai Yi-Fu , Capozziello Salvatore , Saridakis Emmanuel N.
Published: June 2024

We present a novel model-independent generic mechanism for primordial black hole formation within the context of non-singular matter bouncing cosmology. In particular, considering a short transition from the matter contracting phase to the Hot Big Bang expanding Universe, we find naturally enhanced curvature perturbations on very small scales which can collapse and form primordial black holes. Interestingly, the primordial black hole masses that we find can lie within the observationally unconstrained asteroid-mass window, potentially explaining the totality of dark matter. Remarkably, the enhanced curvature perturbations, collapsing to primordial black holes, can induce as well a stochastic gravitational-wave background, being potentially detectable by future experiments, in particular by SKA, PTAs, LISA and ET, hence serving as a new portal to probe the bouncing nature of the initial conditions prevailing in the early Universe.
Towards cosmology with void lensing: how to find voids sensitive to weak-lensing and numerically interpret them
Authors: Boschetti Renan , Vielzeuf Pauline , Cousinou Marie-Claude , Escoffier Stephanie , Jullo Eric
Published: June 2024

In this work, we present a study of the void lensing signal or the excess surface mass
density (ESMD) around cosmic voids. First, we propose a new void-finder algorithm that is designed
to capture the ESMD around voids. We compare our algorithm applied to projected slices with the
ZOBOV void finder and find significantly deeper weak-lensing profiles for voids defined
by our algorithm in the context of a realistic galaxy mock. Then we test the consistency between
the measurements of the ESMD as measured through the shear of background galaxies and directly
calculated through the dark matter density profiles of the same voids. We found inconsistencies
for voids with diameter ≥ 100h
-1Mpc along the line-of-sight, but the consistency
holds for smaller voids, meaning that we are indeed probing the underlying dark matter field by
measuring the shear around these voids. Moreover, we show that voids found in the projected
slices, which are highly sensitive to lensing, are correlated to 3D voids exhibiting intrinsic
alignments between them.
Evaluation of Performance of Cotton Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Wankhede Bipin , Dakre Vinayak Sanjay , Bodhankar Dinesh , Kamble Ashish
Published: June 2024

This experimental study explored the impact of varying weight proportions (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of cotton fiber reinforcement in epoxy composites on compressive strength, Charpy impact strength, and water absorption characteristics. Concurrently, the interfacial properties were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The inclusion of 15 wt.% cotton fiber notably enhanced compressive strength, displaying consistent improvement as cotton content increased until reaching 15 wt.%. Beyond this point, further increases yielded diminishing enhancements in compressive properties. EC20 demonstrated superior impact strength and energy absorption. Increased cotton concentrations improved impact properties due to the fibrous nature of cotton, enhancing energy dissipation and crack resistance within the epoxy matrix. Higher cotton content correlated with increased water absorption, aligning with cotton’s hydrophilic properties. The EC20 composite exhibited heightened water uptake and permeability, indicating the influence of elevated cotton concentrations. SEM analysis of fracture surfaces identified crucial features such as fiber pull-out, matrix cracking, interfacial debonding, and surface irregularities. These findings contribute significantly to understanding the inherent failure mechanisms in these composite materials.
Optimizing Factors affecting gas porosity in GDC of Al-Si (A356) Alloy using Taguchi’s DOE
Authors: Meshram Atul N. , Raut D. N.
Published: June 2024

Aluminium alloys find extensive use in various applications because of its advantage of strength-to-weight ratio,. However, the casting process introduces susceptibility to defects, and managing all parameters proves to be a complex task. Casting rejections often stem from one or more defects, with mold parameters, filling, and solidification processes being key contributors. When the molten metal of the Al-Si (A356) alloy is exposed to the atmosphere in a holding furnace, it develops an oxide layer on its surface. Turbulence in the molten metal leads to the formation of a double oxide layer, also known as bifilms. Gas entrainment occurs due to the turbulent movement of metal, resulting in the entrapment of gas in the molten metal and ultimately causing gas porosity in the final casting. Gas entrapment during the filling process leads to gas porosities during the solidification phase.

This study aims to comprehend the factors influencing the formation of gas entrapment during the casting of the aluminium alloy Al-Si (A356). The experimental investigation utilizes Taguchi’s Design of Experiments (DOE) to explore the impacts of parameters such as pouring temperature (PoT), degassing time (DgT), and volume in the holding furnace (VoH) on the formation of gas porosity in casting [8].

An experimental setup was created to produce tensile test rods and reduced pressure test (RPT) samples. The results were validated using the mechanical properties of the tensile test samples and the density of the Reduced Pressure Test (RPT) samples. Better the mechanical properties, fewer will be the defects in castings. Taguchi’s DOE is applied to analyse the results. The experimental findings indicate that a pouring temperature at level 1 (710°C), degassing time at level 1 (10 minutes), and volume in the holding furnace at level 1 (>450 kg) yield favourable castings. Confirmatory tests were conducted to validate the results, and they aligned with the experimental data.
Non-invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring System
Authors: Bhajane Karan , Thengane Pratik , Mahale Rohan , rajurkar Sahil , Patil Swati , Patil Wani
Published: June 2024

The project presents a novel approach to blood glucose monitoring, offering a non-invasive and pain-free method for individuals with diabetes to track their glucose levels. The system utilizes advanced sensor technology coupled with signal processing techniques to detect glucose levels in the body without the need for traditional needle pricking. The key components of the system include a power supply, voltage regulator, ESP32 microcontroller, LCD display, photo sensor, amplifier circuit, and linearization circuit, all seamlessly integrated to provide accurate and real-time glucose readings. This breakthrough technology holds great promise in revolutionizing diabetes management, enhancing the quality of life for millions of affected individuals.

By placing the sensor on the individual’s hand, the Glucometer system employs a combination of photonic and electronic principles to non-invasively measure glucose levels. The photo sensor captures specific wavelengths of light that interact with glucose molecules within the tissue, generating a signal proportional to the glucose concentration. This signal is then amplified and processed through the integrated circuits, ensuring accurate linearization and calibration. The ESP32 microcontroller orchestrates these operations, facilitating seamless communication with the LCD display to present the glucose reading in a clear and user-friendly format.

The Glucometer’s innovative design eliminates the discomfort associated with traditional blood sampling methods, making it a highly accessible and convenient tool for diabetes management. The system’s efficiency in providing accurate glucose readings without the need for invasive procedures represents a significant advancement in healthcare technology. With further development and refinement, the Glucometer holds the potential to significantly enhance the daily lives of individuals living with diabetes, offering a reliable and painless means of monitoring blood glucose levels.
Review of Rotating System for Closing Die of Steel Wires Stranding Machine
Authors: Salunkhe Himmat , Shelke Rupesh , Khalatkar Abhay
Published: June 2024

The stranding machine utilized for armouring of all electric cables, electric wiring, mechanical motion control cables, clutch wire, wire ropes and structural components or communication cable. It uses for shielding on a cable, tube or liner. This machine is used in industrial apparatus in producing of electric wire and electric cable. It’s a device to manufacturing of mechanical motion control cables, clutch wire and wire ropes. In this paper, we review the development of rotating system for closing die of the stranding machine. We have investigated the problems solutions like undesired tube is rotation so inner jam problem, tube twist problem, poor surface finish and poor stranding quality so the methods of the current machine to be adopted to resolve the problem. The study result into elimination of inner jamming and twisting of tube which Improve the in quality and surface finish of cable and reduce wastages orlosses.
Discussions on application of differential quadrature method for structural free vibration problems
Authors: Vanjari Y P , Patil R B , Saraf S P , Patil M A
Published: June 2024

A thorough examination of the use of the differential quadrature method has been presented, including an analysis of the weighting coefficient, several methods for implementing the boundary conditions, and the ultimate advantages it offers compared to other numerical techniques. The authors have detailed the technical techniques involved in this study, including the discretization of the computational domain, the generation of mass, damping, and stiffness matrices, and the subsequent partitioning of these matrices into submatrices. Exemplifications have been given for the differential quadrature (DQ) approaches that meet the clamped-spring support boundary requirement. This study on the principles of the differential quadrature technique will provide valuable insights for a research scholar, novice researcher, and academician in the field of computation.
Size optimization design of the driving shaft of the track robot
Authors: Wang Jinghua , Huang Jiangnan , Wang Chen
Published: June 2024

In the traditional mechanical design, the design of the drive shaft of the tracked robot requires a certain amount of engineering and practical experience, rather than based on scientific analysis and calculation, resulting in conservative design, long design cycle, and poor reusability. A response surface optimization design method was proposed, and the influence of multiple design variables on the performance of the drive shaft was investigated by a central composite experiment. The least square method was used to fit the approximate points, and the response surface model of the design variables and the performance of the drive shaft was established. The optimal size of the shaft diameter of each drive shaft was solved by a multi-objective genetic algorithm, and finally, three groups of optimization schemes were obtained. After optimization, the maximum equivalent stress, the maximum deformation, and the weight of the drive shaft are improved.
Investigation of the profile of the blade considering machining vibration based on finite element analysis
Authors: Hou Junming , Wang Baosheng , Lv Dongsheng
Published: June 2024

Vibration is a problem that is easy to occur in the manufacturing process of thin-walled parts such as blades. Through the analysis of modal test results, the role of tool response and blade response in machining vibration is analyzed. With the aid of finite element simulation, the effects of damping ratio, cutting force peak, and force exciting position on the amplitude of response displacement are studied. The profile error caused by the machining vibration is simulated and the peak value of the response displacement amplitude is experimentally verified.
Research on the combustion organization mechanism of synchronized injection in the upstream and downstream of the cavity in scramjet
Authors: Li Chang , Li Qing , Jin Yuxiang , Yin Tianhao
Published: June 2024

This investigation presents experimental study on the synchronized fuel injection scheme of the upstream and downstream in cavity under the supersonic inflow condition of Mach 2.92, revealing the combustion organization mechanism of the synchronized injection in the scramjet. The results show that under the same global equivalence ratio, synchronized injection in the upstream and downstream of the cavity plays an important role in reducing ignition delay, combustion oscillation, and improving flame stability. The combustion of the downstream jet can promote the combustion inside the cavity, especially at the rear edge of the cavity, while the upstream jet can provide a large amount of high-temperature products and free radicals for the downstream jet, greatly promoting the combustion process of the downstream jet.
Fault-tolerant control of bullet train based on fuzzy adaptive control
Authors: Wei Xiaochun , Li Maoqing , Wang Zhongsen
Published: June 2024

For the trajectory tracking problem of a single-particle train dynamics model under the condition of partial loss of power in the train power unit due to actuator failure during the operation of the EMU, considering the situation where the system exists with uncertain dynamics from the model and unknown external disturbers, a control method based on fuzzy adaptive fault-tolerant control method for EMU is proposed. Under the framework of the backstepping method, the fuzzy system is used to approach the system function, and a fuzzy adaptive controller is designed. It is proved that the designed control law can enable the train system to track the given speed and displacement trajectory under partial power loss. Using the CRH3 train as the research object, the results show that the designed controller can complete the trajectory tracking control task.
Aircraft type recognition based on YOLOv8
Authors: Lei Chunyue , Zeng Jingsheng , Xia Yuming , Pang Fengqian
Published: June 2024

The field of aircraft type recognition has a broad range of applications. This technology serves as a valuable tool for airlines and airports in the scheduling and maintenance of aircraft. Furthermore, it provides crucial support to aviation regulatory authorities in their efforts to ensure safety in aviation. However, the task of recognizing aircraft types in real-world scenarios presents a significant challenge due to the subtle differences between various aircraft. Moreover, practical applications need real-time detection of aircraft type. To address these issues, this paper introduces the YOLOv8 object detector and investigates the performance of five different versions of YOLOv8 in the context of aircraft type recognition, to identify the most suitable model for this task. Experimental results on the Military Aircraft Detection Dataset demonstrate that the YOLOv8l model outperforms the others, achieving the highest performance with a COCO AP score of 84.2.
Depth control of bionic robotic fish based on fuzzy PID algorithm
Authors: Chen Kun , Wang Yang , Fu Yong , Wang Huitan
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a staged depth control method based on fuzzy PID control to improve the execution of various underwater tasks by robotic fish in pectoral and caudal fin co-propulsion modes in complex underwater environments. The method obtains appropriate PID parameters and regulates the corresponding CPG models by introducing a fuzzy controller into the PID control framework. The method follows the fuzzification, fuzzy rule setting, and defuzzification steps. During the approach phase, the robotic fish adjusts the amplitude and offset of its pectoral fin. In the cruise phase, it adjusts the angle of attack of the pectoral fin to achieve staged depth control. Simulation and analysis results indicate that the staged fuzzy PID control is more effective than pure fuzzy control and PID control. It reduces delay time by 38.5% and 59.4%, optimizes rise time by 31.1% and 44.1%, reduces peak time by 49.7% and 44.6%, and reduces steady-state error by 42.4% and 76.6%. Therefore, the staged fuzzy PID control provides a faster response and greater stability, making it an effective method for depth control of underwater robots.
Research on the temperature measurement point selection technology for multi-degree-of-freedom thermal error compensation of lathe spindle
Authors: Chen Cheng , Yin Ling , Huang Yubing , Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Fei
Published: June 2024

In order to solve the problem of difficulty in selecting temperature measurement points caused by the inconsistent axial and radial thermal deformation trends of CNC lathes, a multi-degree-of-freedom joint point selection method is proposed. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is employed to identify a combination of temperature measurement points. Based on this combination, thermal errors in both directions are modeled, with modeling accuracy serving as the condition for updating ant pheromones. The process iterates until the optimal temperature measurement point combination is determined. Experimental results demonstrate that the temperature measurement points selected using this method exhibit significantly improved fitting accuracy and stability for various operating conditions compared to traditional point selection methods.
Process hyper-relation knowledge graph construction and application
Authors: Lv Yang , Wang Peiyan , Ji Guiyang , Wang Libang
Published: June 2024

A knowledge graph enables the structured representation of process knowledge. Traditional knowledge graphs typically represent process fact knowledge by depicting relations between entities. However, higher-order knowledge, such as causality, coupling, and rationale among process facts, should be addressed. The Process Hyper-relational knowledge graph (PHKG) was proposed to address these shortcomings. It comprises three layers: a concept layer representing process concept knowledge, an instance layer representing process fact knowledge, and a hyper-relationship layer representing higher-order knowledge linking process facts. Employing a semi-automatic construction method, a hyper-relation knowledge graph was created with 1, 602 entities, 2, 509 entity relationships, and 231 pairs of hyper-relationships. A process knowledge reasoning algorithm has also been developed to enable applications to reason about process knowledge.
A speed decoupling control method for multi-channel pressure-flow coupling system
Authors: Zhang Junhua , Wang Wei , Fu Ling , Liu Yanbin , Yin Li , Wu Bin
Published: June 2024

The main engine of construction machinery often involves the compound action of multi-action, such as excavator bucket rod, shovel bucket, and moving arm. Due to the matching relationship between the constant pressure differential valve and main valve, constant power limitation of a pump, load change, and other factors, it will cause the load with low pressure to move first and the load with high pressure to move later. To solve this problem, the existing speed control (or flow control) in the industry generally adopts pre-valve or post-valve compensation load-sensitive systems, positive flow control, negative flow control, constant power control, and so on. The speed control method can solve the coarse flow distribution under multi-load conditions, but is not suitable for working conditions with high precision of flow control or flow distribution, such as speed tracking, trajectory control, etc., and cannot meet the accurate control of flow or speed. In this paper, a speed decoupling control method based on hydraulic factors (such as pressure drop, flow rate, oil temperature, hydraulic pump speed, system pressure, etc.) is proposed. Through accurate modeling and simulation technology, the accuracy of compound action flow control is improved, and the anti-interference energy of the compound action system is enhanced, which lays a foundation for hydraulic speed tracking, displacement tracking, and so on.
A thermoelectric material suitable for early warning of thermal runaway for energy storage batteries: monolayer GeP3
Authors: Li Bowen , Zhao Guangjin , Li Yamin , Dong Ruifeng , Wang Yachen , Du Xueping
Published: June 2024

Early warning of thermal runaway is one of the most important means to improve the safety performance of energy storage batteries. This paper proposes a new scheme for thermal runaway safety early warning of energy storage batteries by thermoelectric sensing device with the monolayer GeP3 (ML_GeP3) severing as the thermoelectric materials. The results indicate that ML_GeP3 shows great stability in different ambient temperatures and an outstanding sensitivity to ∆T. In addition, experimental studies show that stress variation (transverse stretching, longitudinal stretching, and bending) weakens the thermoelectric properties of thermoelectric materials. In conclusion, ML_GeP3 is a thermoelectric material for use in early warning of thermal runaway for energy storage batteries, and it can significantly improve the safety of energy storage stations.
Real-time energy management strategy of the hydrogen-coupled microgrid based on Informer model prediction results and deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Weng Hongda , Li Jianwei
Published: June 2024

Microgrids (MG) powered by emerging distributed energy resources (DERs) are increasingly pivotal in driving the decarbonization of the power system. Due to the uncertainty of renewable energy sources, electricity generated from wind and solar is typically stored, either in batteries or in the form of high-pressure hydrogen gas within hydrogen storage tanks to meet the refuelling requirements of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). For FCVs, the substantial operational expenses associated with hydrogen refuelling stations pose a significant barrier to their widespread adoption, with a notable portion of these costs attributed to hydrogen transportation. To address this challenge, this paper employs the Informer model based on a transformer for day-ahead prediction of photovoltaic power generation, as well as load demand forecasting. Subsequently, the Twin-delayed deep deterministic (TD3) policy gradient algorithm is used for real-time energy management of the microgrid. While ensuring that the State of Charge (SOC) remains above 45% daily to meet future hydrogen demands, the MG pursues an optimal strategy to minimize the total daily cost, including electricity procurement, carbon emissions and equipment degradation. Compared to outcomes derived from rule-based approaches, the algorithm introduced in this paper minimizes solar waste and equipment degradation, facilitating hydrogen production during low-cost electricity periods and enhancing economic feasibility.
Research on optimization and improvement method of new energy access grid stability based on transient stability margin index
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhao Tianzhi , Zhang Guangjun , Zhang Yu , Liu Jingchun , Zheng Hui , Wang Yuhang
Published: June 2024

This paper focuses on the potential local voltage stability risks and transient stability margin decline in the power grid after the large-scale integration of new energy. Based on the transient stability margin index of the power grid, a method for evaluating and optimizing the transient stability margin after the integration of wind power into the power grid is proposed. This paper provides guidance for the grid connection points and voltage level determination of the wind power access system during the planning phase, as well as the configuration of reactive power compensation devices such as SVGs.
Real-time multi-risk assessment of large scale power system with high-penetration renewable energy
Authors: Zhang Tingxiang , Xu Ying , Yi Zhongkai , Xu Jianing , Cai Xinlei , Wang Naixiao
Published: June 2024

To accurately assess the impact of real-time uncertainty of high penetration renewable energy sources on the real-time operation of large-scale power systems, this study proposes an innovative method for real-time multi-risk assessment in power systems. Firstly, by utilizing an improved spectral clustering algorithm and mixture density network to analyze historical operational data, effective clustering of different renewable energy generation curves and accurate fitting of prediction errors were achieved. Next, random sampling was performed from the probability density curves of prediction errors to obtain real-time renewable energy outputs. At the same time, a non-sequential Monte Carlo method was used to incorporate interruptions for each component into the scenario simulation. Subsequently, a state assessment was conducted for each sampled scenario by minimizing load shedding and energy curtailment. On this basis, risk indices that comprehensively consider the real-time flexibility of the system and power supply-demand imbalances were established. Finally, validation in a test system verified the accuracy and speed of the proposed multi-risk assessment method.