bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and feasibility of every‐other‐week maintenance cetuximab after first‐line chemotherapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer
Authors: Bossi Paolo , Kornek Gabriela , Lanzetta Gaetano , Rozzi Antonio , Füreder Thorsten , Locati Laura , Licitra Lisa
Published: October 2012

Background

In patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), there are no data about an every‐other‐week cetuximab maintenance schedule after chemotherapy plus cetuximab as first‐line treatment.

Methods

We reviewed the safety and feasibility of every‐other‐week maintenance cetuximab administered at 3 different European centers.

Results

Thirty‐one patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC were treated from 2006 to 2010. Mean cetuximab dose intensity in the maintenance phase was 93%. The major toxicities reported during every‐other‐week maintenance cetuximab were skin rash (grade 3, 16%; grade 2, 23%), fatigue (grade 3, 3%; grade 2, 16%), diarrhea (grade 3, 7%; grade 2, 13%), hypomagnesemia (grade 4, 3%; grade 3, 3%; grade 2, 19%), and mucositis (grade 3, 3%; grade 2, 23%).

Conclusions

Every‐other‐week maintenance cetuximab schedule was well tolerated and did not worsen toxicity that occurred during chemotherapy. In daily practice, this simplified schedule could improve compliance and possibly improve quality of life in patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC that showed no progression during first‐line chemotherapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1471–1474, 2013
Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activation in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in anaesthetized rats
Authors: Borges G.S. , Berrocoso E. , Ortega‐Alvaro A. , Mico J.A. , Neto F.L.
Published: October 2012

Background

The role of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs) in nociception has been explored in the last years. While in spinal cord their activation is frequently correlated with pain or acute noxious stimuli, supraspinally, this association is not so evident and remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate ERK1/2 activation in the spinal cord and brainstem nuclei upon neuropathy and/or an additional mechanical stimulus.

Methods

Acute noxious mechanical stimulation was applied in the left hindpaw of anaesthetized SHAM‐operated and chronic constriction injured (CCI, neuropathic pain model) rats. Other SHAM or CCI rats did not receive any stimulus. Immunohistochemistry against the phosphorylated isoforms of ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) was performed in lumbar spinal cord and brainstem sections to assess ERK1/2 activation.

Results

In the spinal cord, stimulation promoted an increase in pERK1/2 expression in the superficial dorsal horn of SHAM rats. No significant effects were caused by CCI alone. At supraspinal level, changes in ERK1/2 activation induced by CCI were observed in A5, locus coeruleus (LC), raphe obscurus (ROb), raphe magnus, dorsal raphe (DRN), lateral reticular and paragigantocellularis nucleus. CCI increased pERK1/2 expression in all these nuclei, with exception of LC, where a significant decrease was verified. Mechanical noxious stimulation of CCI rats decreased pERK1/2 expression in ROb and DRN, but no further changes were detected in either SHAM‐ or CCI‐stimulated animals.

Conclusion

ERK1/2 are differentially activated in the spinal cord and in selected brainstem nuclei implicated in nociception, in response to an acute noxious stimulus and/or to a neuropathic pain condition.
Suppression of mammalian bone growth by membrane transport inhibitors
Authors: Loqman Mohamad Y. , Bush Peter G. , Farquharson Colin , Hall Andrew C.
Published: October 2012

Bone lengthening during skeletal growth is driven primarily by the controlled enlargement of growth plate (GP) chondrocytes. The cellular mechanisms are unclear but membrane transporters are probably involved. We investigated the role of the Na+/H+ antiporter (NHE1) and anion exchanger (AE2) in bone lengthening and GP chondrocyte hypertrophy in Sprague–Dawley 7‐day‐old rat (P7) bone rudiments using the inhibitors EIPA (5‐(N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropyl)amiloride) and DIDS (4,4‐diidothiocyano‐2,2‐stilbenedisulphonate), respectively. We have also determined cell‐associated levels of these transporters along the GP using fluorescent immunohistochemistry (FIHC). Culture of bones with EIPA or DIDS inhibited rudiment growth (50% at approx. 250 and 25 µM, respectively). Both decreased the size of the hypertrophic zone (P < 0.05) but had no effect on overall length or cell density of the GP. In situ chondrocyte volume in proliferative and hypertrophic zones was decreased (P < 0.01) with EIPA but not DIDS. FIHC labeling of NHE1 was relatively high and constant along the GP but declined steeply in the late hypertrophic zone. In contrast, AE2 labeling was relatively low in proliferative zone cells but increased (P < 0.05) reaching a maximum in the early hypertrophic zone, before falling rapidly in the late hypertrophic zone suggesting AE2 might regulate the transition phase of chondrocytes between proliferative and hypertrophic zones. The inhibition of bone growth by EIPA may be due to a reduction to chondrocyte volume set‐point. However the effect of DIDS was unclear but could result from inhibition of AE2 and blocking of the transition phase. These results demonstrate that NHE1 and AE2 are important regulators of bone growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 658–668, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Autocrine fibroblast growth factor 2‐mediated interactions between human mesenchymal stem cells and the extracellular matrix under varying oxygen tension
Authors: Kim Junho , Ma Teng
Published: October 2012

Human mesenchymal stromal or stem cells (hMSCs) are being investigated for cell therapy in a wide range of diseases. MSCs are a potent source of trophic factors and actively remodel their immediate microenvironment through the secretion of bioactive factors in response to external stimuli such as oxygen tension. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that hypoxia influences hMSC properties in part through the regulation of extracellular milieu characterized by the extracellular matrix (ECM) matrices and the associated fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2). The decellularized ECM matrices derived from hMSC culture under both hypoxic (e.g., 2% O2) and the standard culture (e.g., 20% O2) conditions have different binding capacities to the cell‐secreted and exogenenous FGF‐2. The reduced hMSC proliferation in the presence of FGF‐2 inhibitor and the differential capacity of the decellularized ECM matrices in regulating hMSC osteogeneic and adipogenic differentiation suggest an important role of the endogenous FGF‐2 in sustaining hMSC proliferation and regulating hMSC fate. Additionally, the combination of the ECM adhesion and hypoxic culture preserved hMSC viability under serum withdrawal. Together, the results suggest the synergistic effect of hypoxia and the ECM matrices in sustaining hMSC ex vivo expansion and preserving their multi‐potentiality and viability under nutrient depletion. The results have important implication in optimizing hMSC expansion and delivery strategies to obtain hMSCs in sufficient quantity with required potency and to enhance survival and function upon transplantation. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 716–727, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sharp threshold for the appearance of certain spanning trees in random graphs
Authors: Hefetz Dan , Krivelevich Michael , Szabó Tibor
Published: October 2012

We prove that a given tree T on n vertices with bounded maximum degree is contained asymptotically almost surely in the binomial random graph
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}G(n,\frac{(1+\varepsilon) \log n}{n})\end{align*}\end{document}
provided that T belongs to one of the following two classes: (1)
T has linearly many leaves; (2) T has a path of linear length all of whose vertices have degree two in T. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012
Docosahexanoic Acid Improves Chemotherapy Efficacy by Inducing CD95 Translocation to Lipid Rafts in ER− Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Ewaschuk Julia B. , Newell Marnie , Field Catherine J.
Published: October 2012

Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) have been shown to possess anti‐carcinogenic properties in mammary cancers, both in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of treating three different breast cancer cell lines with DHA or EPA on cellular growth, chemotherapy efficacy, and CD95 expression and localization in the cell. MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7 and SKBr‐3 cells were incubated with EPA or DHA with or without chemotherapy agents [doxorubicin (dox), Herceptin]. Cell growth was assessed by WST‐1 assay and CD95 expression was investigated using flow cytometry, Western blotting and confocal microscopy. DHA and EPA inhibited the growth of all three breast cancer cell lines in a dose‐dependent fashion (P < 0.05). DHA, and to a lesser extent EPA, induced the movement and raft clustering of CD95 in the cell membrane (via confocal microscopy) and the surface expression (via flow cytometry) in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Neither fatty acid altered the growth/metabolic activity of the non‐transformed MCF‐12A breast cell line. Pre‐treatment with DHA, but not EPA, improved the efficacy of dox in estrogen receptor negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells (P < 0.05), but not in the other two cell lines. Pre‐treating cells with DHA increased CD95 surface expression (threefold) and the plasma membrane raft content of CD95 (2fold) and FADD (>4‐fold) after dox treatment, compared to dox treatment alone (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that pre‐treatment of estrogen receptor negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells with DHA increased the anti‐cancer effects of dox and presents evidence to suggest that this may be mediated in part by CD95‐induced apoptosis.
Characterization of Oxidative Stability of Fish Oil‐ and Plant Oil‐Enriched Skimmed Milk
Authors: Saga Linda C. , Kristinova Vera , Kirkhus Bente , Jacobsen Charlotte , Skaret Josefine , Liland Kristian Hovde , Rukke Elling‐Olav
Published: October 2012

The objective of this research was to determine the oxidative stability of fish oil blended with crude plant oils rich in naturally occurring antioxidants, camelina oil and oat oil, respectively, in bulk and after supplementation of 1 wt% of oil blends to skimmed milk emulsions. Ability of crude oat oil and camelina oil to protect fish oil in bulk and as fish oil‐enriched skimmed milk emulsions was evaluated. Results of oxidative stability of bulk oils and blends assessed by the Schaal oven weight gain test and by the rancimat method showed significant increase in oxidative stability when oat oil was added to fish oil in only 5 and 10 %, whereas no protective effect of camelina oil was observed when evaluated by these methods. Moreover, fish oil blended with oat oil conferred the lowest PV and lower amounts of volatile compounds during the storage period of 14 days at 4 °C. Surprisingly, skimmed milk supplemented with fish‐oat oil blend gave the highest scores for off‐flavors in the sensory evaluation, demonstrating that several methods, including sensory analysis, should be combined to illustrate the complete picture of lipid oxidation in emulsions.
Effects of positively charged redox molecules on disulfide‐coupled protein folding
Authors: Okumura Masaki , Shimamoto Shigeru , Nakanishi Takeyoshi , Yoshida Yu-ichiro , Konogami Tadafumi , Maeda Shogo , Hidaka Yuji
Published: October 2012

In vitro folding of disulfide‐containing proteins is generally regulated by redox molecules, such as glutathione. However, the role of the cross‐disulfide‐linked species formed between the redox molecule and the protein as a folding intermediate in the folding mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the charge on a redox molecule on disulfide‐coupled protein folding. Several types of aliphatic thiol compounds including glutathione were examined for the folding of disulfide‐containing‐proteins, such as lysozyme and prouroguanylin. The results indicate that the positive charge and its dispersion play a critical role in accelerating disulfide‐coupled protein folding.
Evidence for coordination of lysosomal (ASMase) and plasma membrane (NSMase2) forms of sphingomyelinase from mutant mice
Authors: Qin Jingdong , Dawson Glyn
Published: October 2012

NSMase2 is associated to the plasma membrane, whereas ASMase is predominantly lysosomal; both hydrolyze sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide and phosphocholine. Although SM accumulated in both ASMase−/− and fro/fro (NSMase2−/−) fibroblasts, the reduction of ceramides was more dramatic in fro/fro cells. ASMase mRNA, protein and enzyme activity were substantially elevated in fro/fro fibroblasts. In contrast, NSMase2 activity was unaffected in ASMase−/− fibroblasts. ASMase−/− cells showed normal cell cycling whereas fro/fro cells grew slowly and were arrested in G1/G0 and could be corrected by transfection with smpd3 gene. This suggests two distinct subcellular pathways for SM catabolism with distinct functions.
Trials with ‘epigenetic’ drugs: An update
Authors: Nebbioso Angela , Carafa Vincenzo , Benedetti Rosaria , Altucci Lucia
Published: October 2012

Epigenetic inactivation of pivotal genes involved in correct cell growth is a hallmark of human pathologies, in particular cancer. These epigenetic mechanisms, including crosstalk between DNA methylation, histone modifications and non‐coding RNAs, affect gene expression and are associated with disease progression. In contrast to genetic mutations, epigenetic changes are potentially reversible. Re‐expression of genes epigenetically inactivated can result in the suppression of disease state or sensitization to specific therapies. Small molecules that reverse epigenetic inactivation, so‐called epi‐drugs, are now undergoing clinical trials. Accordingly, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for cancer treatment have approved some of these drugs. Here, we focus on the biological features of epigenetic molecules, analyzing the mechanism(s) of action and their current use in clinical practice.
Ichnological evidence of jökulhlaup deposit recolonization from the Touchet Beds, Mabton, WA, USA
Authors: MacEachern James A. , Roberts Michael C.
Published: October 2012

The late Wisconsinan Touchet Beds section at Mabton, Washington reveals at least seven stacked jökulhlaup deposits, five showing evidence of post-flood recolonization by vertebrates. Tracemakers are attributed to voles or pocket mice (1–3 cm diameter burrows) and pocket gophers or ground squirrels (3–6 cm diameter burrows). The Mount St. Helens S tephra deposited between flood beds contains the invertebrate-generated burrows Naktodemasis and Macanopsis. Estimates of times between floods are based on natal dispersal distances of the likely vertebrate tracemakers (30–50 m median distances; 127–525 m maximum distances) from upland areas containing surviving populations to the Mabton area, a distance of about 7.9 km. Tetrapods would have required at least two to three decades to recolonize these flood beds, based on maximum dispersal distances. Invertebrate recolonization was limited by secondary succession and estimated at only a few years to a decade. These ichnological data support multiple floods from failure of the ice dam at glacial Lake Missoula, separated by hiatal surfaces on the order of decades in duration. Ichnological recolonization times are consistent with published estimates of refill times for glacial Lake Missoula, and complement the other field evidence that points to repeated, autogenically induced flood discharge.
Tephrochronology, magnetostratigraphy and mammalian faunas of Middle and Early Pleistocene sediments at two sites on the Old Crow River, northern Yukon Territory, Canada
Authors: Westgate John A. , Pearce G. William , Preece Shari J. , Schweger Charles E. , Morlan Richard E. , Pearce Nicholas J.G. , Perkins T. William
Published: October 2012

Alluvial and lacustrine sediments exposed beneath late Pleistocene glaciolacustrine silt and clay at two sites along the Old Crow River, northern Yukon Territory, are rich in fossils and contain tephra beds. Surprise Creek tephra (SZt) occurs in the lower part of the alluvial sequence at CRH47 and Little Timber tephra (LTt) is present near the base of the exposure at CRH94. Surprise Creek tephra has a glass fission-track age of 0.17 ± 0.07 Ma and Little Timber tephra is 1.37 ± 0.12 Ma. All sediments at CRH47 have a normal remanent magnetic polarity and those near LTt at CRH94 have a reversed polarity — in agreement with the geomagnetic time scale. Small mammal remains from sediments near LTt support an Early Pleistocene age but the chronology is not so clear at CRH47 because of the large error associated with the SZt age determination. Tephrochronological and paleomagnetic considerations point to an MIS 7 age for the interglacial beds just below SZt at CRH47 and at Chester Bluffs in east-central Alaska, but mammalian fossils recovered from sediments close to SZt suggest a late Irvingtonian age, therefore older than MIS 7. Further studies are needed to resolve this problem.
Peasants, Citizens and Soldiers
Authors: de Ligt Luuk
Published: October 2012

Recent years have witnessed an intense debate concerning the size of the population of Roman Italy. This book argues that the combined literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidence supports the theory that early-imperial Italy had about six million inhabitants. At the same time the traditional view that the last century of the Republic witnessed a decline in the free Italian population is shown to be untenable. The main foci of its six chapters are: military participation rates; demographic recovery after the Second Punic War; the spread of slavery and the background to the Gracchan land reforms; the fast expansion of Italian towns after the Social War; emigration from Italy; and the fate of the Italian population during the first 150 years of the Principate.
Introduction to Orthogonal Transforms
Authors: Wang Ruye
Published: October 2012

A systematic, unified treatment of orthogonal transform methods for signal processing, data analysis and communications, this book guides the reader from mathematical theory to problem solving in practice. It examines each transform method in depth, emphasizing the common mathematical principles and essential properties of each method in terms of signal decorrelation and energy compaction. The different forms of Fourier transform, as well as the Laplace, Z-, Walsh–Hadamard, Slant, Haar, Karhunen–Loève and wavelet transforms, are all covered, with discussion of how each transform method can be applied to real-world experimental problems. Numerous practical examples and end-of-chapter problems, supported by online Matlab and C code and an instructor-only solutions manual, make this an ideal resource for students and practitioners alike.
State Immunity in International Law
Authors: Yang Xiaodong
Published: October 2012

The immunity or exemption enjoyed by States from legal proceedings before foreign national courts is a crucial area of international law. On the basis of an exhaustive analysis of judicial decisions, international treaties, national legislation, government statements, deliberations in international organisations as well as scholarly opinion, Xiaodong Yang traces the historical development of the relevant doctrine and practice, critically analyses the rationale for restrictive immunity and closely inspects such important exceptions to immunity as commercial transactions, contracts of employment, tortious liability, separate entities, the enforcement of judgments, waiver of immunity and the interplay between State immunity and human rights. The book draws a full picture of the law of State immunity as it currently stands and endeavours to provide useful information and guidance for practitioners, academics and students alike.
Distribution Modulo One and Diophantine Approximation
Authors: Bugeaud Yann
Published: October 2012

This book presents state-of-the-art research on the distribution modulo one of sequences of integral powers of real numbers and related topics. Most of the results have never before appeared in one book and many of them were proved only during the last decade. Topics covered include the distribution modulo one of the integral powers of 3/2 and the frequency of occurrence of each digit in the decimal expansion of the square root of two. The author takes a point of view from combinatorics on words and introduces a variety of techniques, including explicit constructions of normal numbers, Schmidt's games, Riesz product measures and transcendence results. With numerous exercises, the book is ideal for graduate courses on Diophantine approximation or as an introduction to distribution modulo one for non-experts. Specialists will appreciate the inclusion of over 50 open problems and the rich and comprehensive bibliography of over 700 references.
Choral Fantasies
Authors: Minor Ryan
Published: October 2012

Most histories of nineteenth-century music portray 'the people' merely as an audience, a passive spectator to the music performed around it. Yet, in this reappraisal of choral singing and public culture, Minor shows how a burgeoning German bourgeoisie sang of its own collective aspirations, mediated through the voice of celebrity composers. As both performer and idealized community, the chorus embodied the possibilities and limitations of a participatory, national identity. Starting with the many public festivals at which the chorus was a featured participant, Minor's account of the music written for these occasions breaks new ground not only by taking seriously these often-neglected works, but also by showing how the contested ideals of German nationhood suffused the music itself. In situating both music and festive culture within the milieu of German bourgeois liberals, this study uncovers new connections between music and politics during a century that sought to redefine both spheres.
European Constitutional Law
Authors: Schütze Robert
Published: October 2012

The European Union has existed for over half a century. Having started as the 'Europe of the Six' in a specific industrial sector, the Union today has twenty-seven Member States and acts within almost all areas of social life. The Union's constitutional structures have evolved in parallel with this immense growth. Born as an international organisation, the Union has developed into a constitutional Union of States. This textbook analyses the constitutional law of the European Union after Lisbon in a clear and structured way. Examining the EU through a classic constitutional perspective, it explores all the central themes of the course: from the history and structure of the Union, the powers and procedures of its branches of government, to the rights and remedies of European citizens. A clear three-part structure and numerous illustrations will facilitate understanding. Critical and comprehensive, this is required reading for all students of European constitutional law.
Flanders and the Anglo-Norman World, 1066–1216
Authors: Oksanen Eljas
Published: October 2012

The union of Normandy and England in 1066 recast the political map of western Europe and marked the beginning of a new era in the region's international history. This book is a groundbreaking investigation of the relations and exchanges between the county of Flanders and the Anglo-Norman realm. Among other important themes, it examines Anglo-Flemish diplomatic treaties and fiefs, international aristocratic culture, the growth of overseas commerce, immigration into England and the construction of new social and national identities. The century and a half between the conquest of England by the duke of Normandy and the conquest of Normandy by the king of France witnessed major revolutions in European society, politics and culture. This study explores the history of England, northern France and southern Low Countries in relation to each other during this period, giving fresh perspectives to the historical development of north-western Europe in the Central Middle Ages.
Biblical Blaspheming
Authors: Sherwood Yvonne
Published: October 2012

This book explores the strange persistence of 'blasphemy' in modern secular democracies by examining how accepted and prohibited ways of talking and thinking about the Bible and religion have changed over time. In a series of wide-ranging studies engaging disciplines such as politics, literature and visual theory, Yvonne Sherwood brings the Bible into dialogue with a host of interlocutors including John Locke, John Donne and the 9/11 hijackers, as well as artists such as Sarah Lucas and René Magritte. Questions addressed include: • What is the origin of the common belief that the Bible, as opposed to the Qur'an, underpins liberal democratic values? • What kind of artworks does the biblical God specialise in? • If pre-modern Jewish, Christian and Islamic responses to scripture can be more 'critical' than contemporary speech about religion, how does this affect our understanding of secularity, modernity and critique?
Cultural Development of Mathematical Ideas
Authors: Saxe Geoffrey B.
Published: October 2012

Drawing upon field studies conducted in 1978, 1980 and 2001 with the Oksapmin, a remote Papua New Guinea group, Geoffrey B. Saxe traces the emergence of new forms of numerical representations and ideas in the social history of the community. In traditional life, the Oksapmin used a counting system that makes use of twenty-seven parts of the body; there is no evidence that the group used arithmetic in prehistory. As practices of economic exchange and schooling have shifted, children and adults unwittingly reproduced and altered the system in order to solve new kinds of numerical and arithmetical problems, a process that has led to new forms of collective representations in the community. While Dr Saxe's focus is on the Oksapmin, the insights and general framework he provides are useful for understanding shifting representational forms and emerging cognitive functions in any human community.
Violence and Colonial Order
Authors: Thomas Martin
Published: October 2012

This is a pioneering, multi-empire account of the relationship between the politics of imperial repression and the economic structures of European colonies between the two World Wars. Ranging across colonial Africa, Southeast Asia and the Caribbean, Martin Thomas explores the structure of local police forces, their involvement in colonial labour control and the containment of uprisings and dissent. His work sheds new light on broader trends in the direction and intent of colonial state repression. It shows that the management of colonial economies, particularly in crisis conditions, took precedence over individual imperial powers' particular methods of rule in determining the forms and functions of colonial police actions. The politics of colonial labour thus became central to police work, with the depression years marking a watershed not only in local economic conditions but also in the breakdown of the European colonial order more generally.
Law and Custom in Korea
Authors: Kim Marie Seong-Hak
Published: October 2012

This book sets forth the evolution of Korea's law and legal system from the Chosǒn dynasty through the colonial and postcolonial modern periods. This is the first book in English that comprehensively studies Korean legal history in comparison with European legal history, with particular emphasis on customary law. Korea's passage to Romano-German civil law under Japanese rule marked a drastic departure from its indigenous legal tradition. The transplantation of modern civil law in Korea was facilitated by Japanese colonial jurists who created a Korean customary law; this constructed customary law served as an intermediary regime between tradition and the demands of modern law. The transformation of Korean law by the forces of Westernisation points to new interpretations of colonial history and presents an intriguing case for investigating the spread of law on a global level. In-depth discussions of French customary law and Japanese legal history also provide a solid conceptual framework suitable for comparing European and East Asian legal traditions.
Pay
Authors: Hallock Kevin F.
Published: October 2012

Billions of people throughout the world are paid for their work. This book was written to explain why they earn what they earn and, in doing so, to help readers understand how they can earn more in both the short and long run. It describes wages, wage differences across groups, wage inequality, how organizations set pay and why, executive and 'superstar' pay, the difference between pay and 'total rewards' (including benefits, opportunities for growth, colleagues and working conditions), compensation in nonprofits, and the differences between the cost of compensation to organizations and the value employees place on that compensation. It also offers tips on what an individual can do to earn more.
Secrets of Conjuring and Magic
Authors: Robert-Houdin Jean Eugène
Published: October 2012

Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin (1805–71) is often called the father of modern conjuring. His name was later adopted by magician and escape artist Harry Houdini, whose highly sceptical exposé of Victorian spiritualism is also published in this series. The best-known magician of his time, Robert-Houdin toured France, England and Germany, performed for Queen Victoria, and was sent to French Algeria by Napoleon III to demonstrate the perceived superiority of French magic to the local shamans. This book, originally published in 1868, is devoted primarily to coin and card tricks, but Robert-Houdin also describes many other magical tricks and includes a history of conjuring. In 1877 the book appeared in this English translation by Louis Hoffmann (1839–1919). Hoffmann (real name Angelo John Lewis, a barrister) had published his own guide to magic in 1876, and both books caused controversy for revealing the secrets of stage magicians in such unprecedented detail.
Roughing it in the Bush
Authors: Moodie Susanna
Published: October 2012

First published in 1852, and in its third edition by 1854, this description of pioneer immigrant life in Canada by Susanna Moodie (1803–85) is unsentimental and frank. In contrast to similar works, which often seem to be advertisements aimed at potential immigrants, Moodie's book emphasises not only the triumphs but also the tribulations as she and her family begin their new lives. Initially criticised in Canada for painting an unflattering picture of the country, it was later recognised as a key work of early Canadian literature, and has influenced writers up to the present day. The family left England reluctantly, as Moodie (née Strickland) makes clear in the introduction to Volume 1. She chronicles their early struggles and describes the characters of the people they encounter, particularly their troublesome 'Yankee' neighbours. Writing with honesty, clarity, humour and a journalistic immediacy, she provides a fascinating insight into the country's infancy.
US International Lawyers in the Interwar Years
Authors: Shinohara Hatsue
Published: October 2012

In the interwar years, a group of reform-minded American scholars of international law, such as Quincy Wright and Manley Hudson, challenged traditional international law and strove to establish a 'new' international law in which outlawry of war was institutionalized. They highly valued the Covenant of the League of Nations and the Kellogg–Briand Pact and presented legal arguments in support of them. These scholars were activists in their efforts to promote their views to policy makers and the public. In the US international law community, however, a different group of scholars, notably Edwin Borchard, vehemently opposed the progressive scholars. US International Lawyers in the Interwar Years chronicles those involved in the debate and provides a detailed account of their scholarly works and activities that hitherto have not had the recognition that they deserve.
Recollections of a Long Life
Authors: Hobhouse John Cam , Carleton Charlotte Hobhouse
Published: October 2012

John Cam Hobhouse, Baron Broughton (1786–1869), politician and prolific memoirist, is today best remembered for his close friendship with Lord Byron, and as the inventor of the phrase 'His Majesty's Opposition'. He travelled extensively in Europe with Byron, and acted both as his best man and as his executor after Byron's early death in 1824. He began his political career as a radical, but gradually moved to a much more conservative viewpoint. This six-volume work is a revision of his 1865 privately printed memoir, Some Account of a Long Life, expanded by his daughter from his diaries and letters, and published between 1909 and 1911. Volume 3 covers the period 1822–9, and includes the political battle for Catholic emancipation, achieved in 1829. The appendix includes Hobhouse's account of Byron's death, and the subsequent destruction of Byron's memoirs by publisher John Murray, who considered they would damage Byron's reputation.
The Works of Walter Pater
Authors: Pater Walter
Published: October 2012

Walter Pater (1839–94) was the foremost Victorian writer on art and on aesthetic experience. His ideas still shape modern assumptions about how art plays on our feelings and intellectual responses. This edition of Pater's complete works was published in 1900–1 in a limited edition of 775 copies. It comprises eight volumes with an additional volume of critical essays first published in The Guardian. The Renaissance, first published as Studies in the Renaissance (1873), is Pater's best known work. These essays on Italian art and the wider question of how the Renaissance may be defined had previously been published as articles, but Pater edited and polished them for this collection. They epitomise what Pater's literary executor called his 'literary grace' and the 'depth and seriousness of his studies'. This version includes the notorious conclusion, withdrawn from the second edition because of the negative attention its homoerotic theme attracted.
The Works of Walter Pater
Authors: Pater Walter
Published: October 2012

Walter Pater (1839–94) was the foremost Victorian writer on art and on aesthetic experience. He brought his extensive knowledge of the history of art to bear on the new problem of how to explain the very personal affective response to beauty, and raised this into a central concern of aesthetic and philosophical thought. His ideas still shape modern assumptions about how art plays on our feelings and intellectual responses. This edition of Pater's complete works was published in 1900–1 in a limited edition of 775 copies. It comprises eight volumes with an additional volume of critical essays first published in The Guardian. This is the first of two volumes of Marius the Epicurean (1885), Pater's only full-length fiction. A novel of ideas, combining history and philosophy with a fictional narrative set in the late Roman Empire, the work is a fascinating experiment in the boundaries of genre.
The Works of Walter Pater
Authors: Pater Walter
Published: October 2012

Walter Pater (1839–94) was the foremost Victorian writer on art and on aesthetic experience. He brought his extensive knowledge of the history of art to bear on the new problem of how to explain the very personal affective response to beauty, and raised this into a central concern of aesthetic and philosophical thought. His ideas still shape modern assumptions about how art plays on our feelings and intellectual responses. This edition of Pater's complete works was published in 1900–1 in a limited edition of 775 copies. It comprises eight volumes with an additional volume of critical essays first published in The Guardian. This is the second of two volumes of Marius the Epicurean (1885), Pater's only full-length fiction. A novel of ideas, combining history and philosophy with a fictional narrative set in the late Roman Empire, the work is a fascinating experiment in the boundaries of genre.
The Works of Walter Pater
Authors: Pater Walter
Published: October 2012

Walter Pater (1839–94) was the foremost Victorian writer on art and on aesthetic experience. He brought his extensive knowledge of the history of art to bear on the new problem of how to explain the very personal affective response to beauty, and raised this into a central concern of aesthetic and philosophical thought. His ideas still shape modern assumptions about how art plays on our feelings and intellectual responses. This edition of Pater's complete works was published in 1900–1 in a limited edition of 775 copies. This collection of essays, first published in 1889, was Pater's only literary-critical work until the posthumous publication of his reviews from The Guardian (the ninth volume in this edition). His well-known essay 'Style', written from the perspective of a critic and a novelist, opens the volume. The other essays include his readings of Thomas Browne, Wordsworth and Coleridge, Shakespeare and D. G. Rossetti.
The Works of Walter Pater
Authors: Pater Walter
Published: October 2012

Walter Pater (1839–94) was the foremost Victorian writer on art and on aesthetic experience. He brought his extensive knowledge of the history of art to bear on the new problem of how to explain the very personal affective response to beauty, and raised this into a central concern of aesthetic and philosophical thought. His ideas still shape modern assumptions about how art plays on our feelings and intellectual responses. This edition of Pater's complete works was published in 1900–1 in a limited edition of 775 copies. It comprises eight volumes of his major works with an additional volume of critical essays first published in The Guardian. The collection of Pater's articles on ancient Greek thought, poetry, sculpture and architecture presented in this volume had previously been published in 1895 under the editorship of Pater's friend and literary executor C. L. Shadwell.
Essays from The Guardian
Authors: Pater Walter
Published: October 2012

Walter Pater (1839–94) was the foremost Victorian writer on art and on aesthetic experience. He brought his extensive knowledge of the history of art to bear on the new problem of how to explain the very personal affective response to beauty, and raised this into a central concern of aesthetic and philosophical thought. His ideas still shape modern assumptions about how art plays on our feelings and intellectual responses. Published alongside Pater's collected works of 1900–1, this collection reprints his essays from The Guardian, composed in the late 1880s. Pater turns to literary topics with these reviews of new editions of Wordsworth and anthologies of poetry, academic studies on Browning and on the English theatre, Mrs Humphrey Ward's novel Robert Elsmere and her translation of the philosopher Henri-Frédéric Amiel's private diary, as well as works by Edmund Gosse, Ferdinand Fabre and Augustin Filon.
Bacon
Authors: Church Richard William
Published: October 2012

This introduction to the life and works of Francis Bacon (1561–1626) was published in the first series of English Men of Letters in 1884. The author, R. W. Church (1815–90), who also wrote on Spenser for this series, begins forcefully: 'The life of Francis Bacon is one which it is a pain to write or to read. It is the life of a man endowed with as rare a combination of noble gifts as ever was bestowed on a human intellect … And yet it was not only an unhappy life; it was a poor life.' Church, while paying the highest tribute to Bacon's intellectual achievements in so many different fields, argues that 'there was in Bacon's 'self' a deep and fatal flaw. He was a pleaser of men.' He believed that this work should correct the adulatory stance adopted by earlier biographers, and reveal the whole, imperfect man.
Thomas Carlyle
Authors: Nichol John
Published: October 2012

This biography of Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) was published in the first series of English Men of Letters in 1892. The author, John Nichol (1833–94), who also wrote on Byron for the series, was an author, poet and critic who was for many years professor of English literature at the University of Glasgow, and who moved in the same intellectual circles as Carlyle, though as he states in his prefatory note, he knew him only slightly. Nichol acknowledges his indebtedness in this work to J. A. Froude, Carlyle's friend, disciple and biographer, but his portrait of the 'master spirit of his time' does not attempt to gloss over the notorious difficulties of Carlyle's personality. Several chapters are devoted to the reception of his works, their influence and the likelihood of their continuing importance: Nichol concludes that Carlyle was 'in truth, a prophet, and he has left his gospels'.
Wordsworth
Authors: Myers F. W. H.
Published: October 2012

The publication in 1798 of Lyrical Ballads, written by William Wordsworth (1770–1850) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, is considered to have launched the Romantic movement. Published in 1881 in the first series of 'English Men of Letters', this biography of Wordsworth by classical scholar and psychical researcher F. W. H. Myers (1843–1901) shows how Wordsworth's profound imagination and thought characterised and shaped his literary era. He discusses the influence of Wordsworth's upbringing and love for the natural world on works such as The Excursion, and The Prelude, which are said to have marked the transition from neoclassicism to Romanticism. Showing Wordsworth to be widely respected as 'so much besides a poet', Myers describes the circumstances in which Wordsworth accepted the Laureateship in 1843, an apparent surrender to 'the establishment' which poets such as Robert Browning regarded as a betrayal of his own earlier radical idealism.
Chaucer
Authors: Ward Adolphus William
Published: October 2012

This biography of Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340–1400) was published in the first series of English Men of Letters in 1879. Its author, Sir Adolphus William Ward (1837–1924), a prominent scholar who became President of the British Academy, wrote on English literature from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, translated Curtius' History of Greece, and was a historian of both Britain and Germany. He approached the task of writing Chaucer's life as a historian rather than as a literary critic, emphasising the archival sources from which information on Chaucer the man, the civil servant and the courtier could be drawn, and placing the life very much in the context of the times. An epilogue discusses the legacy of the 'father of English poetry' to the poets and dramatists of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and the renewal of interest in Chaucer's works in the nineteenth century.
Worked Examples in Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics for Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Bonet Javier , Gil Antonio J. , Wood Richard D.
Published: October 2012

Many processes in materials science and engineering, such as the load deformation behaviour of certain structures, exhibit nonlinear characteristics. The computer simulation of such processes therefore requires a deep understanding of both the theoretical aspects of nonlinearity and the associated computational techniques. This book provides a complete set of exercises and solutions in the field of theoretical and computational nonlinear continuum mechanics and is the perfect companion to Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics for Finite Element Analysis, where the authors set out the theoretical foundations of the subject. It employs notation consistent with the theory book and serves as a great resource to students, researchers and those in industry interested in gaining confidence by practising through examples. Instructors of the subject will also find the book indispensable in aiding student learning.
Bitangential Direct and Inverse Problems for Systems of Integral and Differential Equations
Authors: Arov Damir Z. , Dym Harry
Published: October 2012

This largely self-contained treatment surveys, unites and extends some 20 years of research on direct and inverse problems for canonical systems of integral and differential equations and related systems. Five basic inverse problems are studied in which the main part of the given data is either a monodromy matrix; an input scattering matrix; an input impedance matrix; a matrix valued spectral function; or an asymptotic scattering matrix. The corresponding direct problems are also treated. The book incorporates introductions to the theory of matrix valued entire functions, reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of vector valued entire functions (with special attention to two important spaces introduced by L. de Branges), the theory of J-inner matrix valued functions and their application to bitangential interpolation and extension problems, which can be used independently for courses and seminars in analysis or for self-study. A number of examples are presented to illustrate the theory.
The Road to Maxwell's Demon
Authors: Hemmo Meir , Shenker Orly R.
Published: October 2012

Time asymmetric phenomena are successfully predicted by statistical mechanics. Yet the foundations of this theory are surprisingly shaky. Its explanation for the ease of mixing milk with coffee is incomplete, and even implies that un-mixing them should be just as easy. In this book the authors develop a new conceptual foundation for statistical mechanics that addresses this difficulty. Explaining the notions of macrostates, probability, measurement, memory, and the arrow of time in statistical mechanics, they reach the startling conclusion that Maxwell's Demon, the famous perpetuum mobile, is consistent with the fundamental physical laws. Mathematical treatments are avoided where possible, and instead the authors use novel diagrams to illustrate the text. This is a fascinating book for graduate students and researchers interested in the foundations and philosophy of physics.
The Principles of Political Economy
Authors: Sidgwick Henry
Published: October 2012

Henry Sidgwick, (1838–1900), philosopher, classicist, lecturer and fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and supporter of women's university education, is well known for his Method of Ethics (1874), a significant and influential book on moral theory. First published in 1883, this work considers the role the state plays (and ought to play) in economic life, and whether economics should be considered an Art or a Science. Sidgwick applies his utilitarian views to economics, defending John Stuart Mill's 1848 treatise of the same name. The book calls for a return to traditional political economy by eliminating 'needless polemics'. Sidgwick also outlines the need to bridge the gap between his analytical or deductive method and the inductive method employed by Mill's critics, the new generation of economic philosophers including John Elliot Cairnes and William Stanley Jevons. The second edition, reissued here, was published in 1887.
A Ride to Khiva
Authors: Burnaby Fred
Published: October 2012

It is 1875, the time of the 'Great Game', when the British and Russian Empires are vying for power in central Asia. A British officer rides for Khiva, a Russian city closed to European travellers. He is on a dangerous mission, to learn if Russia plans to invade India, the 'jewel in the crown' of the British Empire. It might be the plot of a Rudyard Kipling novel; instead it is the true story of Captain Frederick Burnaby (1842–85). Burnaby joined the British army in 1859, but in periods without active duty he crafted his own adventures. He ballooned across the English Channel, travelled in Spain and Russia, and was wounded, and eventually killed, fighting for Britain's empire. This account of his perilous journey to Khiva, published in 1876 and immediately reprinted, brought him instant fame. The book includes maps of the route he took and an appendix.