bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unaccompanied Migrant Children in Chile: State of the Art
Authors: Pavez Soto Iskra
Published: January 2024

This article aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the situation regarding unaccompanied migrant children and adolescents in the Latin American region, focusing on Chile. This intricate and evolving phenomenon encompasses adolescents who have experienced precarious circumstances and rights violations, resulting in a diverse and complex group. Previously documented primarily at the borders of the Global North, this study examines the case of Chile, where, between 2018 and 2021, there was a notable increase in the entry of unaccompanied children and adolescents through unauthorized crossings. These individuals migrate either alone or in unconventional groups, such as migrant caravans, youth collectives, or even with pets. The article presents data regarding the context of their arrival, explores relevant theoretical and conceptual foundations concerning unaccompanied migrant children and adolescents and their agency, and concludes with a critical analysis of the actions taken by the state in response to this situation.
A Single-Centre, Observational Study to Evaluate Immune ReSponse to Covid-19 Vaccines in Immunocompromised Patients with Haematological Disorders (COVAC-IC)
Authors: D* Chandra
Published: January 2024

To evaluate immunological response to Covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised haematology patients we compared total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody and T cell response in45 immunocompromised haematology patients with 30 healthy adults following 2 doses of Covid-19 vaccine for 3 -5 months at 30-day intervals. We found, non - significant difference in T celland total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody response between study and control group patients. Conclusions: Though there was a non - significant difference in T cell and total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S anti body response between immunocompromised patients and healthy controls this did not result in any severe infection or Covid-19 related mortality in our study cohort. We did not identify any patient-specific factor (age, gender), specific haematological condition or treatment as determinant of response. Covid-19 vaccination was well tolerated without major side effects in both groups.
A Review on Application of Bioinformatics in Medicinal Plant Research
Authors: A* Harishchander
Published: January 2024

Plants serve as a source of medicine from historic times and more commercially important drugs are of based on the origin of plants. The traditional approach in discovering plant-based drugs involves a significant amount of expenditure and time. In labor-intensive approach, more struggles were involved and hence there was a rapid development of high-throughput technologies. In the era of post genomics, generation of data was high-throughput and hence, bioinformatics plays a crucial role. In general, rational analysis is vital for drug designing and discovery. However, more attention is required to address the potential application of bioinformatics with respect to plantbased knowledge. In this chapter, a review bioinformatics studies were focused to identify the contribution in medicinal plants research. In particular, specific areas were highlighted in medicinal plant research where the potential application of methodologies in bioinformatics may result in a rapid and cost-effective lead generation towards finding remedies from plants.
Draft Genome of Mycobacterium Leprae Strain 7935681
Authors: Ghosh Arpita
Published: January 2024

We report the assembled draft genome of Mycobacterium leprae strain 7935681 using HiSeq 2000. The genome size obtained was 3.27 Mb. Based on the gene prediction, total genes identified were 5,128, which includes CDS, tRNA and rRNA.
Exhaust Emissions Characterization of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel-Ethanol-Diesel Blends
Authors: RI Yahuza
Published: January 2024

Energy is one of the most important resources to mankind for his sustainable development. The decline of available oil reserves and more stringent environmental regulations have motivated the global interest in renewable energy sources. Due to exponential growth in industrialization, the demand for conventional automotive fuels is also increased sharply which adversely affects not only the economy but also the environment. This makes the search for an alternative fuel more important today. In this research, the blends of ethanol and biodiesel with diesel in varying proportions were used to access the emission levels of the blends. The emission levels were investigated under various operating conditions of the engine. Emission levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of sulfur (SOx) emissions and exhaust gas temperature were investigated. The results showed that the BED30 fuel gave the best exhaust emission. The tests were carried out on a horizontal single-cylinder, 4-stroke, air-cooled, 3.68 kW engine, TecQuipment TD115 MK-II model. The engine was coupled to a manometer (model: Z30EBIX25) and DG eddy current dynamometer (model: WB2.7 PB43) with rated power of 3.68 kW at 2600 rpm and was operated at a constant load of 1000 g. The test results showed that, there was a considerable increase in exhaust temperature with the blends compared to the diesel. The exhaust gas temperature of BED30 appeared to be similar to that of the diesel at all speed conditions. The results also showed that the blends gave less CO compared to diesel. The minimum and maximum reduction of CO was 9.5 and 49.1% respectively of the blends, as compared to diesel. The emissions of NOx, SOx and CO2 increased with increase in ethanol in the blends. All the findings compared favorably with the results of other researchers.
An Insight towards the Role of Micro-Biota in Vaccine Development for COVID-19
Authors: Dubey Anubha
Published: January 2024

The whole world is moving around to fight against corona virus (Covid19). In this present scenario, the study of gut-microbiota with vaccine development is studied. And it is tried to understand the role of gut microbiota in the immune response to the host. It is found that the diet is taken by the person of age, sex; patients will play a significant role in gut microbiota and show immune response towards vaccines. Many modern technologies of bioinformatics are applied to understand the diversity among gut microbiota with respect to age, sex, patients to immunity. It is recommended that these analyses will help to improve vaccine development against COVID19.
Carcass Characteristics of Yankasa Ewes Fed Varying Levels of Dietary Premix
Authors: SM Ramalan
Published: January 2024

Twenty five Yankasa ewes with average live weight of 10-15kg and aged 6-7 months were used for the trial and they were randomly allocated to five (5) treatment groups comprising of five animals per treatment and with each animal as replicate. All animals were placed on 5 dietary treatments consisting of 5inclusions levels in a Complete Randomized Design .The experimental dietary premix formulated were 0% as a control, 25% LPP, 50% LPP, 75% LPP and 10% LPP were used to determine which dietary premix will give the best or highest dietary needs and the inclusion levels. Dietary premix was administered to the animals with clean water ad-libitum in the morning, in a confined environment. The results revealed that live weight was significantly (P<0.05) different between T1, T3 and T4 and as well as between T2 and T5. However, T5 had the highest value. Significant (P<0.05) difference was observed between T1, T4 and T5 of the slaughter weight with T5 recording the highest value 31.31kg the dressed weight also significantly (P<0.05) differ between T1 and T5, with T5 maintaining the highest value. T1 and T3 of the Hot Dressed weight significantly (P>0.05) differ from T5. However, T5 had the highest value. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference observed in the dressing per cent, head, skin, feet, full stomach, empty stomach, empty small intestine, large intestine, heart and kidney. Significant (P<0.05) difference was observed between T1, T2 and T4, T5 and also between T2 and T3 of the Liver. However, T5 had the highest value of 0.41kg. Significant (P<0.05) difference was observed across treatment groups. The Lung was significantly (P<0.05) different across treatment groups. T1 was significantly (P<0.05) different from T2, T3, T4, and T5. T5 was however higher in value. Significant (P<0.05) difference was also observed in the Trachea across treatment groups. T2 was significantly different from T1, T3, T4 and T5. Significant (P<0.05) difference was observed in the Spleen with T1 having the highest value. T1, T2, T3 were significantly (P<0.05) different T4 and T5. The Tail was significantly (P<0.05) different across the treatments with T4 having the highest value of 0.29kg. The Bladder was however, not significantly (P>0.05) different across treatment groups but has T2 recording the highest value of 0.02kg. Carcass yield was increased with increasing level of supplementation while integrity of the relative organs characteristics was maintained. The best result was obtained when Yankasa ewes fed dietary premix at 50-100 % levels of inclusion. It is therefore recommended that more feeding trials be conducted to ascertain the nutritive value and its suitability as feedstuff for small ruminants particularly during feed scarcity for improved performance and productivity
Measurment Heavy Metals of Three Cultivars of Date (Phoenixdactylifera L.) from Sudan
Authors: Y Hamadnalla Hatim M
Published: January 2024

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. A date palm fruit is an important component of the diet in most of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The Present study aimed at investigating two heavy metals (lead, Pb) and (cadmium, Cd) as mg/kg in three date palm cultivars cultivated in Sudan (Gondalia, Barakawi and Kulma). The results showed insignificant (p ≥ 0.05) concentration of the two heavy metals (cadmium and lead) between the various cultivars in the four local market (sites) (Libya, Bahri, Soug Sitta and workshop). Cadmium concentration was ranged from (0.006-0.043mg/kg) and lead (0.02-0.029mg/kg) for all cultivars at the four locations. Although most of the cultivars had comparable concentration of cadmium, workshop showed the highest (0.043mg/kg) cadmium. Soug Sitta showed the highest levels of lead (0.029mg/kg) among the other four locations. Results revealed that that cadmium concentrations of the study at low concentrations if compared with limit of Codex Alimentarius Commission (2011) inverse to lead concentration. Finally, new ways of exhibition and packaging of date should introduce for safety and protection from any contaminant and heavy metals, which was set as a recommendation.
Loud Noises Lead to Dementia
Authors: Skopec Robert
Published: January 2024

Dementia is an umbrella term for a collection of symptoms that are caused by disorders affecting the brain and impact on memory, thinking, behaviour and emotion. The most common is Alzheimer’s disease, which affects 50-60% of people with dementia. Other types of dementia include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and fronto-temporal dementia. Dementia can also sometimes affect people who are under the age of 65. This is known as young onset dementia. Our brains are made up of over 86 billion nerve cells more than the stars in the Milky Way. Dementia damages nerve cells so they are no longer able to communicate effectively and this impacts on how our body functions.
Black Plum Fruit Extract as a Substitute for Haematoxylin in Haematoxylin and Eosin Staining Technique
Authors: RR Ashi
Published: January 2024

Natural dyes are employed for staining various histological tissues, which serve as a significant alternative source for synthetic dye, thereby reducing the burden of buying synthetic dyes and its impact on the environment. This study aimed to extract the black plum plant (syzigium cumin) using an aqueous solvent and investigate its staining properties in the albino rat kidney tissue section. The Extract was allowed to evaporate at 55⸰ C. The proportion of black plum is 3:1(black plum extract: solvent v/v) in two places, and a mordant was added to the first part. The rat kidney tissue was processed for paraffin-embedded at a thickness of 5 micron. The black plum dye was used to stain the section for 10 minutes with potassium alum as mordant and without potassium alum. The result revealed that the Extract of black plum stained the nuclei purple and the cytoplasm pink by the eosin when compared with the control hematoxylin and eosin staining technique. The optimal stain was from the mordant black plum dye. The findings suggest that Extract from black plum has dye properties that can serve as an alternative for Haematoxylin in Haematoxylin and eosin staining techniques.
Improvement of Soil Biology and Rice Yield in Peat Land Ecology Using Aqueous Extract of Costus Afer: Soil Regenerative Agriculture under Rice Cropping
Authors: B Kone
Published: January 2024

Conventional chemical fertilizer is harmfulness for the ecology and agriculture sustainability especially, in marginal agroecosystem of peat land (Histosol) which requires safeguarding for its’ potential of carbon sequestration however. Aqueous extract of Costus Afer was proposed as alternative input for rice production on peat land in South Côte d’Ivoire: a first trial was laid out with five (5) rates incrementing by 166.66liters/ha up to 666.66 applied in three splits (T4) and once (T5). Rice variety named VA6 was transplanted (20 cm × 20 cm) for three cropping cycles. A second trial was conducted during single cropping cycle adding the conventional fertilizer practice (T6) for the profitability assessment. Treatment induced high variability of rice grain yield (9.36 – 2.21 tha-1) during the Trial 1 and across both while, the yield was almost stable by treatment across cropping seasons (1-3) with significant effect for T4 and T5. Grand mean of rice yield recorded for both trials revealed lowest value for T6 (2.32 tha-1) while Costus solutions have induced more than 3.00 tha-1 and highest profit (293500 FCFA/ha) accounted for T5 with a net gain of 130 000 FCFA/ha/cycle according to Trial 2. There was a significant effect of the treatment on soil structural stability index recording a slight increase under Costus practice while soil pH (6.3 – 6.4) was favorable to bacteria, fungi, spore and endogenic cast of lumbric. Hence, the study supported the use of aqueous extract of Costus Afer as alternative input for regenerative agriculture especially, for rice cropping on peat land. However, the optimum rate should be more explored by further study
Predation of wolves on feral horses in Apennines Areas of Southern Italy: A Case Study Report
Authors: Miraglia Nicoletta
Published: January 2024

Although wolf predation on horses is generally low, it can be significant where horses are grazed extensively and there are low densities of wild prey, such as in Southern Europe. The economic damage of wolf predation on horses can have a major impact in certain situations involving free-ranging horse populations and the topic needs more attention. This is the case of Spain, Portugal and Italy where it is possible to find many examples of wolf predations on feral horses. The main factor predisposing horses to wolf pre¬dation worldwide is the free-ranging management system. In Italy special attention is given to the horses bred in a particular area of the Southern Apennines: the Pentro horses; they represent a rare endangered equine population of Molise Region with its owns genetic characterisation. The losses of horses caused by wolves predations increase exponentially from year to year. Considering the very low number of Pentro Horses, any prey represents a considerable loss from a morphological and genetical point of view. Consequently, the predation phenomena represent a considerable limit to the selection and maintenance of these horses. This is why it was decided to create a special database with the aim of monitoring, analyzing and preventing predatory phenomena and consequently to keep under control the number of predatory events by the wolf. The database was processed by collection of data concerning: when the predation take place, the age of the preyed equines, the type of injury and the parts of the body injured or removed by the wolf, the body location of the damage and the recognition and value of money compensation. The data collected evidenced how there is a need for innovative approaches to prop¬erly mitigate predation and support the traditional free-ranging husbandry system with its high ecologi¬cal and cultural value.
Population Growth and Natural Resources Exploitation in Rural Uganda: A Case Study of Lobule Sub-County, Koboko District
Authors: Caroline Esaburu
Published: January 2024

There are global arguments on how population growth has been the main cause of natural resources exploitation. These differences in opinion have led to the need to establish whether this is true in all situations or not. Uganda, for example, has had a very fast population growth and hence would lead to an increased exploitation of natural resources. In the above respect this study was conducted to ascertain the relationship between population growth and natural resource exploitation using Lobule Sub County in Koboko District of Uganda as a sample. Specifically, the objectives were to establish the level of population growth and the state of natural resource exploitation in Lobule Sub-county; and finally determine the relationship between the above two factors. Using a questionnaire data was collected and analyzed from a sample of 89 respondents including key informants from local leaders, local non-government organizations and relevant experts at the district level. The results show that with r=0.277 and p=0.078 being greater than 0.05 there was an insignificant impact of rising human population growth on natural resources exploitation in this sub county. The effect of human population on natural resources exploitation was found to be only 7.7%. This indicates that there are other factors not studied here which were more significant in natural resources exploitation than rising human population in Lobule subcounty, Kotido District in Uganda.
Critical Evaluation of Water Purifying Methods in Ancient India WSR to Ayurveda
Authors: S Waghe
Published: January 2024

Water is essential component of the human body. Impure water contains many impurities. Safe and palatable water drinking is essential for maintaining the health. Ancient Indian medical science, Ayurveda emphasizes on safe water drinking practices. Ayurveda had described different types of water sources like well, river, ocean, waterfall, pond etc. Ayurveda had mentioned the hazards of drinking unclean and unpalatable water. Ayurvedic acharya Sushruta had not only mentioned about the water purifying process but also about disinfecting the water to avoid the water borne diseases. As per Ayurveda, drinking unsafe and impure water may lead to diseases like edema, anemia, indigestion, skin diseases, cough, rhinorrhoea, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, fever, anorexia, conjunctivitis and goitre. Ayurveda had advocated the use of Nirmali seeds, Lotus root, Spirogyra root, cloth, pearl, Hessonite stone water and alum for purifying the water. Similarly, the ancient methods to disinfect the water include keeping the water in sunlight, boiling the water under heat, immersing the hot iron ball in the water etc. For making the water palatable and removing the bad odour from the water, Ayurveda had suggested to make it scented with lotus, pandamus (Ketaki), Mesua ferrea (Nagakeshar), Michelia (Champa), Stereospermum suuaveolens (Patala). In ancient water purifying process, water was used to stirred with Alum primarily. Alum is well known for settling the dust to the bottom. Cloth was used to arrest the impurities in water by straining. Later water was used to get treated with Strychnus potatorum seeds to make it clean. Later water was heated to boiling point to make it germ free. It is observed that drinking impurified water leads to water borne diseases. It is concluded that water purifying and disinfecting methods are very well described in ancient Indian medical science, Ayurveda.
Umbilical Cord Care by Topical Application of Kushta Tail
Authors: B Sethi
Published: January 2024

Newborn health & survival depends on the care given to the newborn, although care is a very essential element in reducing child mortality, it often receives less than the optimum attention. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that ~ 4 million children die during the neonatal period each year, with most deaths occurring in developing countries. About 25% of global neonatal death / year occur in India alone & amongst them bacterial infections count for about 36%, of which umbilical cord infections are an important precursor. Application of topical antimicrobials having ample of side effects like local irritation, allergic & contact dermatitis and local tissue destruction. Topical medications being one amongst the routes of drug administration have also been appreciated in our ayurvedic classics also. The importance and necessity of nabhinalparicharaya are very clearly understood by Acharyas and are vividly stated in the samhitas. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of our classical method to cut the cord at 4 angul (7.5cm) and medication kustha taila local application in protecting umbilical sepsis in healthy new born. This study provide nil discharges, no swelling& redness and minimal microbial growth percentage from the sample of umblical stump culture, till the day 15 of new born.
Clinical Efficacy of Katutrikadya Churna in the Management of PostOperative Care in Bhagandara w.s.r to Fistula in Ano: A Comparative Study
Authors: AP Thaware
Published: January 2024

In Ayurveda, there are eight branches. Ayurveda has eight branches. Because of its rapid action, use of surgical instruments (Yantra & shastra), Kshar & Agni, and inclusion of characteristics common to other branches, Shalyatantra is regarded as a notable branch. anushastra treats a wide range of illnesses (Para-surgical measures). The treatment of Bhagandara serves as the most significant, practical illustration of how anushastra, or ksharsutra, is used (Fistula-in-ano). Ayurveda classifies several disorders as “Mahagada” based on their severity and problematic behaviors. One of these is called Bhagandara (Fistula-inano). Many surgeons employ ksharsutra, with some somewhat successful outcomes. A lot of discomfort is experienced by the patient both during and after ksharsutra treatment. They are therefore afraid to change the kshar sutra later. In this study, katutrikadya churna with anupana of kulattha kwath, medications in compound formulation (30 patients), and Control group (30 Patients) were chosen. This group was given tab. diclofenac sodium as treatment. After meals, each group receives their particular medication twice daily. When the applied kshar-sutra has been changed with new kshar-sutra, follow-up is done every seventh day (weekly) for twenty days in a row. Aim: To Study the clinical efficacy of katutrikadya churna in the management of postoperative care W.S.R to bhagandara. Objectives • To assess the effect of compound formulation of katutrikadya churna after kshara-sutra application w.s.r to bhagandara. • To assess the agnidipan, vatanulomana property of katutrikadya churna. • Comparison in between the effect of katutrikadya churna and diclofenac sodium after kshar-sutra application w.s.r to bhagandara. • This clinical investigation was comparative, open, randomized, and study. The study's findings demonstrated that katutrikadya churna is a potent vedanasthapan aushadhi (analgesic) in the pain experienced over the anal region during the administration of kshar-sutra for the treatment of bhagandara. Not only does katutrikadya churna heal the symptoms of ailments, but it also addresses their root causes.
Light Vision beyond the Body
Authors: K Harinath
Published: January 2024

Light vision beyond the body in this research paper it is given how the ten nadis work in the body through the activities of the five senses. The ratio of the Agni, Solar and moon regions and unbalanced times prescribed foods details. It is recorded that one should gain light vision with the senses and keep the body safe for that. Practitioners follow the various training methods for Suksuma, causal body experiences. Darshan by gazing between the eyebrows two practices of Kapalapati Pranayamam are suggested to be helpful for this.
Case Series of Peritoneal Tuberculosis with Three Different Presentations
Authors: S Walawe Nayaka
Published: January 2024

Tuberculosis is an emerging medical challenge in each and every part of the world which affects all most all parts of the body even though the commonest presentation is pulmonary tuberculosis. Peritoneal tuberculosis will lead to fibrosis and scarring of the intra-peritoneal organs while producing ascites. This is a case series of peritoneal tuberculosis which presented in three different ways.
UPLC–MS/MS-Based Targeted Proteomics Assay to Evaluate the Relationship between CYP3A2 Expression and Enzymatic Activity
Authors: F Mengd
Published: January 2024

Traditional analytical methods such as western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction only allow semiquantitative assessments and cannot accurately quantify the expression of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme. Therefore, the relationship between excess CYP enzyme and enzymatic activity is not been systematically studied yet. In the present study, we developed a new method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) mass spectroscopy (MS)/MS and determined the accurate quantification of CYP3A2 in rat liver. The linear range was 0.1329–8.508 ng/mL. The intra- and interday precisions and accuracies data fulfilled the acceptance criteria of food and drug association guidelines for bio analytical method validation. We compared the quantitative results with CYP3A2 activity obtained by the cocktail assay. The developed method was successfully used for the quantitative analysis of CYP3A2. It provided a good background for determining the differences in drug metabolism caused by different CYP expression. Keywords: UPLC-MS/MS; CYP3A2; Accurate Quantitation; Enzyme Activity
A Review on Liquisolid: A Novel Technique for Enhancement of Solubility and Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Insoluble Drugs
Authors: EC Andrew
Published: January 2024

Liquisolid technique is a novel approach that is used for the enhancement of bioavailability and solubility of poorly water insoluble drugs. According to Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), drugs are classified based on their solubility and permeability. Class II and IV drugs have low solubility-high permeability, and low-solubility-low permeability respectively. This issue of solubility has been a major challenge over the years especially for water-insoluble drugs. Liquisolid system involves the formulation of drugs by conversion of liquid drugs, drug suspension or drug solution in non-volatile solvents, to form non-adherent, free flowing and compressible powder mixtures by blending the solution with appropriate carriers and coating materials. The method is most efficient and novel approach for solubility and bioavailability enhancement.
Impact of Adaptive Educational Game Applications on Improving Student Learning: Efforts to Introduce Nusantara Culture in Indonesia
Authors: Sulistyanto Hernawan , Djumadi Djumadi , Sumardjoko Bambang , Haq Muhammad Izzul , Zakaria Gamal Abdul Nasir , Narimo Sabar , Astuti Dyah , Adhantoro Muhammad Syahriandi , Setyabudi Devary Pradana , Sidiq Yasir , Ishartono Naufal
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to introduce Nusantara culture based on educational games by adjusting students' learning styles. Culture as an ancestral heritage tradition needs to be preserved by introducing it to the younger gen-eration from an early age. However, the survey results found that less than 26% of student respondents un-derstood Nusantara culture well. Compared to previous research, the model of cultural introduction through adaptive educational games is more fun because it is adapted to the way students learn. This research was carried out using the Design-Based Research (DBR) method through 4 stages of the procedure. The feasibil-ity test and application effectiveness test were carried out on a group of students from several elementary schools in Indonesia, who were taken using a cluster random sampling technique. The results of media design and content validation obtained an average value of 0.76 and 0.82, which means that the media is declared valid. The feasibility test used the System Usability Scale (SUS) with an average value of 80% in the acceptable category. The results of the research obtained a description of the comparison of the final scores of the control class and the experimental class, which was 55 compared to 75. This study concluded that learning media for introducing Indonesian culture based on adaptive educational games had a positive impact by effectively increasing learning outcomes on students' understanding of Indonesian culture. Further development of this game application can be expanded in the application of animation in more depth.
Associação entre índice prognóstico nutricional, estado nutricional e desfechos clínicos em pacientes cirúrgicos cardíacos
Authors: Queiroz Barbara Giovanna Souza Silva , Silva Fabiana Nogueira Benedito da , Arruda Andressa Maranhão de , Cavalcante Taisy Cinthia Ferro , Santos Ana Célia Oliveira dos , Silva Amanda Alves Marcelino da
Published: January 2024

Introdução: O índice prognóstico nutricional (IPN) é um marcador prognóstico utilizado para cirurgias oncológicas e atualmente vem sendo disseminado para as cirurgias cardíacas. O estado nutricional é um fator agravante significativo nesse público, desta forma destaca-se a importância de estudar a associação destes parâmetros. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o estado nutricional, o IPN e os desfechos clínicos em pacientes cirúrgicos cardíacos. Metodologia: Coorte prospectiva realizado com adultos e idosos, de ambos os sexos, internados em um hospital universitário referência em cardiologia, com indicação cirúrgica. As avaliações foram realizadas no pré-operatório. Foram feitas medidas antropométricas, e calculado o IPN. Os resultados foram avaliados conforme as metas estabelecidas e foram associados com o desfecho clínico e complicações pós-operatórias (PO). Resultados: Um total de 75 pacientes com mediana de idade de 60,00 (52,00-69,00) anos, 37 (49,34%) pacientes apresentaram complicações PO. No pré-operatório, 52 (69,34%) pacientes apresentaram mau prognóstico segundo o IPN. O IPN e o estado nutricional não diferiram significativamente entre os pacientes que apresentaram complicações PO e aqueles que não. Conclusão: Nosso estudo demonstrou que o IPN e o estado nutricional não apresentam associação com os desfechos clínicos estudados.
The university clinic as a factor in ensuring the quality of medical education: administrative aspect
Authors:   Lviv regional state administration, Hukova-Kushnir Hretta
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the functioning of the university clinic as a factor in ensuring the quality of medical education. It was found that the university clique ensures high quality of medical care and creates conditions for quality education of medical workers. It is proposed to create and/or improve established university clinics in order to improve the quality of medical education in Ukraine. The functioning of the network of university clinics as structural subdivisions of institutions of higher medical education significantly increases the quality of training of medical students, interns, clinical training, retraining and advanced training of specialist doctors; increases the efficiency of research works and ensures the implementation of their results in practical medicine, as a result of which the quality of providing medical care to the population increases. In such clinics, appropriate conditions are created for the clinical training and retraining of students, medical and scientific-pedagogical workers within the framework of training programs of the system of continuous professional development, improvement and implementation of training programs in internship, master's degree, clinical residency, participation in the development and implementation of programs for improving medical qualifications employees The training of scientific and pedagogical staff of a clinical profile in post-graduate and doctoral studies and improvement of their qualifications is also provided.
International experience in regulating land relations and its adaptation in Ukraine
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Pavliv Oksana
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The article reveals ways of adapting the international experience of regulating land relations in Ukraine. The experience of France, Great Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Germany was analyzed. It was found that Ukraine should search for its vectors of development of land relations, answering a large number of complex questions that will arise during this process. Areas of regulation of land relations in foreign countries worthy of implementation in Ukraine are highlighted: to ensure prioritization of the agrarian and ecological system; to develop a risk management system that determines the relevance, modernity and effectiveness of preventive means of public management of land relations; to activate the further development of the cadastral system; to involve the public in management in the field of land relations, which will include the following areas: integrated village development projects, production of agricultural products; stability of agricultural production volumes, which is determined by a powerful subsidy system, etc.; to ensure the distribution of land according to the "effective owner" rule, which provides for the provision of land plots to owners who manage the land independently, live in the given territory and contribute to the development of local infrastructure and filling of the local budget; to ensure that agricultural lands are under state control in order to eliminate speculative transactions with land resources and to prevent fragmentation of peasant farms and the lands included in them when the owner changes; create companies like the French SAFER with the aim of establishing fixed prices for agricultural land, creating a single national base of agricultural land, protecting small and medium-sized businesses, preventing the spread of unemployment in territorial communities; organize small businesses and create jobs on the territory of small administrative units with large intensive highly specialized farms and small specialized farms; to regulate the agricultural land market using such levers as: prices, taxes, quantitative restrictions on sales, acquisition and use of land, state ordering of agricultural products, etc.
Experimental Study of Cooling Performance and Electrical Parameters in a Microcontroller-Driven Inverter AC System
Authors: Negara I Gede Artha , Anakottapary Daud Simon , Midiani Luh Putu Ike , Temaja I Wayan , Santosa I Dewa Made Cipta
Published: January 2024

Recent advancements in air conditioning (AC) technologies, such as inverters, enable the compressor to remain activated despite reaching the setpoint temperature. This study investigates the cooling performance and electrical parameters of a split inverter AC system controlled by a microcontroller in order to determine the operational performance characteristics of the air conditioning system. An ATmega 2560 microcontroller integrated with PZEM, DS18B20, and LCD I2C sensors monitors was 8,525 Btu/h capacity split inverter AC. During a 1-hour experimental run, the temperature differential between supply air (Tsupply) and return air (Treturn) stabilized at approximately 17 °C, with Tsupply reaching a minimum of 8.5 °C. Treturn remained relatively constant after 500 s with no fluctuations. Moreover, power draw maintained an average of 750 W (1 PK) with no variations, exhibiting an inverse relationship with Tsupply. The maximum energy consumption recorded during the experiment was 1,373 kWh. As expected based on fundamental thermodynamic principles, the energy usage showed a direct proportional relationship with the total runtime of the system. That is, the longer the AC system was engaged, the higher the total energy required to maintain the cooling effect. Overall, microcontroller-based split inverter AC enables real-time performance monitoring and efficient operation, representing a promising technology.
Immunomodulatory Phytocompounds from Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) Against COVID-19
Authors: Singha Partha Sarathi , Ghosh Ramkrishna , Ghosh Debosree
Published: January 2024

Withania somnifera is a famous medicinal plant. It is popularly known as Aswagandha. This plant has been in use in Ayurveda and Unani medicine for ages. The medicinal plant has immense medicinal properties. The plant is rich in potent medicinal phytocompounds. These phytocompounds are known to have potent antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulatory efficacies. Our immune system is the key player in n fighting back any kind of pathogeni attack on us. Withania somnifera extract and certain isolated phytocompounds from the plant are known to boost our immune system. Studies show that the mechanisms of immunomodulatory actions of the bioactive phytocompounds from Withania somnifera are by affecting the various cellular signaling pathways. These primarily involve the signaling pathways associated with the receptors present on the vital immune cells like the dendritic cells, T-cells and B-cells. Thus, some of the compounds of Withania suppress or activate certain components of the innate and adaptive immune system. Unlike synthetic adjuvants, the natural plant derived phytocompounds and their derivatives, as those from the Withania sp. are free from such risk factors. A strong immune system is the best possession to fight back invasions by microbes like bacteria and viruses like the SARS-CoV-2. Detailed and compact knowledge of the compounds from Withania sp. and their mechanism of modulating and impacting our immune system may make the ways for development of new supportive therapies against almost all different types of diseases including COVID 19.
EFL INSTRUCTORS’ KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, AND CLASSROOM PRACTICES REGARDING PRONUNCIATION IN TÜRKİYE*
Authors: ÇAM Esra
Published: January 2024

The present study investigated EFL instructors’ perspectives and practices regarding pronunciation. Ninety-five EFL instructors from 25 different universities in Türkiye participated in the online survey study. The results showed that most instructors lacked proper training in teaching pronunciation. While many of the participants believed in the importance of teaching pronunciation in SLA, they allocated limited class time to it. They relied heavily on textbooks for teaching pronunciation. In teaching pronunciation, instructors aimed at making learners intelligible rather than eliminating their accents, and therefore they tended to correct pronunciation errors that negatively affect intelligibility. However, pronunciation was frequently ignored in the assessment by most instructors. Considering the findings, the study has implications for the inclusion of pronunciation in textbooks and curricula more intensively and effectively. The findings also reveal that there is a need for improved training programs for EFL instructors on pronunciation.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ KURULAN MATEMATİK PROBLEMLERİNİ DEĞERLENDİRME KRİTERLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYDOĞDU Mustafa Zeki
Published: January 2024

Öğretmen adaylarının kurulan problemleri nasıl değerlendirdiği; öğretmenlik mesleğini anlamalarına ve içselleştirmelerine katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu bağlamda yapılan bu çalışmada matematik öğretmen adaylarının matematik problemlerini değerlendirme yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Araştırma Türkiye’nin bir ilindeki bir devlet üniversitesinde ilköğretim matematik öğretmenliği dördüncü sınıfta öğrenim gören 20 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışmanın veri toplama sürecinde öğrenci yanıtlarını içeren form öğretmen adaylarına dağıtılmış ve öğretmen adaylarının öğrencilerinin problem kurma etkinliklerine verdikleri yanıtları değerlendirmeleri istenmiştir. Katılımcılara alanyazındaki değerlendirme kriterleri konusunda herhangi bir bilgi verilmeyip öğrenci yanıtlarını değerlendirmede serbest bırakılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde içerik analizden yararlanılmıştır. Katılımcılardan elde edilen bulgular öğrencilerin problem kurma etkinliklerine verdikleri yanıtları değerlendirirken 6 ana kriterden yararlandıkları görülmüştür. Bu ana kriterler; problem mi?, problem kurma durumuna uygunluk, çözülebilirlik, bağlamsallık, dil kullanımı ve karmaşıklıktır. Problem kurma durumuna uygunluk ve çözülebilirlik kriterleri tüm öğretmen adayları tarafından kullanılan kriterler iken diğer kriterlerin öğretmen adayları tarafından kullanılma sıklıkları farklılık göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda öğretmen adaylarının zihinlerinde bir değerlendirme şeması olmadığı düşünülmüştür. Bu nedenle de öğretmen adaylarına kurulan matematik problemlerini değerlendirmeye yönelik eğitimler verilmesi önerilmiştir.
Atrial fibrillation in halothane- and isoflurane-anesthetized dogs
Authors: Freeman Lisa C. , Ack James A. , Fligner Michael A. , Muir William W.
Published: January 2024

Programmed electrical stimulation techniques were used to evaluate the effects of halothane and isoflurane on induction of atrial fibrillation in anesthetized dogs. Experiments were performed in 16 dogs anesthetized with α-chloralose. Critically timed premature stimuli were applied to the right atrial appendage and Bachmann bundle to determine the atrial fibrillation threshold, defined as the minimal current required to induce rapid, irregular atrial electrical activity of at least 8 seconds' duration, Atrial fibrillation thresholds were determined at baseline (0.0% inhalational anesthetic), 0.5 minimal alveolar concentration (mac), and 1.0 mac of halothane (n = 8) and isoflurane (n = 8).

In the absence of inhalation anesthetic, it was significantly (P < 0.01) easier to induce atrial fibrillation at the Bachmann bundle vs the right atrial appendage. Atrial fibrillation threshold at the Bachmann bundle was not affected by increasing concentrations of halothane, but was increased by 1.0 mac of isoflurane (P < 0.05). It was concluded that at 1.0 mac isoflurane, but not halothane, has antifibrillatory effects in atrial tissue.
Protection of cattle and swine against foot-and-mouth disease, using biosynthetic peptide vaccines
Authors: Morgan Donald O. , Moore Douglas M.
Published: January 2024

A single dose of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus protein 1 (vp1) peptide, expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with 190 amino acids (aa) of the LE' protein of the tryptophan operon of E coli, elicited an immune response in steers sufficient to withstand the challenge of exposure to animals with acute fmd. The 58-μg dose of viral peptide, composed of a segment of the vp1 from the A12 strain (A12) of FMD virus (fmdv; A1232dimer) in a tandem repeat configuration of aa137 through 168 and emulsified with oil adjuvant, elicited a serologic response in cattle equivalent to that obtained using conventional whole virus vaccines. Two groups of swine were vaccinated, 1 with the A12-32dimer as used in cattle and 1 with aa131 through 157 from vp1 of the A24 strain (A24) of fmdv (A24-peptide), expressed in the same system as A12-32dimer, but as a single copy per molecule. In swine, the 58-μg dose of the A12-32dimer repeated at 28 days was an effective immunogen; all swine were protected against A12 and, in addition, the vaccine protected 50% of the swine against A24. The 29-μg dose of A24-peptide, administered according to the same schedule, elicited protection against A24 in 50% of the vaccinates and, in addition, protected 25% of those vaccinates against A12. The serologic response elicited by A12-32dimer against A24 virus was considerably greater than the response elicited by A24-peptide against A12 virus. The evidence of multiple immunogenic epitopes between aa131 and aa168 was evaluated.
Adherence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to cell monolayers
Authors: Zielinski Gustavo C. , Young Theresa , Ross Richard F. , Rosenbusch Ricardo F.
Published: January 2024

This work was an attempt to develop an in vitro adherence model for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, using monolayers of human and porcine lung fibroblasts and porcine kidney cells. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae grown in Friis mycoplasma broth was radiolabeled with 35[S]-methionine, washed, concentrated, and inoculated on the monolayers. After 15 minutes of centrifugation to facilitate adherence, monolayers were washed 3 times, dissolved with 0.1N NaOH, and suspended in scintillation liquid, and the radioactivity was determined in a liquid scintillation counter. Adherence, measured as a percentage of counts added, varied according to the mycoplasma strain and the cell line used. Comparison of strains J, 144L, and 232 of M hyopneumoniae revealed 7.5 ± 5.9, 31.9 ± 13, and 9.6 ± 5% adherence to porcine kidney cells, respectively. Slightly different, but proportionally the same relationships were obtained with swine or human fibroblasts. Adherence was decreased slightly by repeated washings of the mycoplasma-treated cell monolayers; however, a plateau was reached, indicating irreversibility of the adherence process. Pretreatment of cell monolayers with nonlabeled organisms substantially blocked adherence by labeled organisms. Dilution of labeled organisms resulted in an increased proportion adhering. Therefore, it appears that the adherence was a receptor-dependent event. Treatment of the mycoplasmas with trypsin prior to the inoculation of monolayers resulted in a marked reduction in adherence. Treatment of the mycoplasmas with hyperimmune swine serum against M hyopneumoniae or normal swine serum resulted in 80 to 90% reduction of adherence; however, no inhibition occurred when mycoplasmas were treated with purified IgG from the hyperimmune serum.