bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cigarette Smoking and Endometrial Cancer Risk: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses
Authors: Dimou Niki , Omiyale Wemimo , Biessy Carine , Viallon Vivian , Kaaks Rudolf , O'Mara Tracy A. , Aglago Elom K. , Ardanaz Eva , Bergmann Manuela M. , Bondonno Nicola P. , Braaten Tonje , Colorado-Yohar Sandra M. , Crous-Bou Marta , Dahm Christina C. , Fortner Renée T. , Gram Inger T. , Harlid Sophia , Heath Alicia K. , Idahl Annika , Kvaskoff Marina , Nøst Therese H. , Overvad Kim , Palli Domenico , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Sacerdote Carlotta , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Schulze Matthias B. , Severi Gianluca , Simeon Vittorio , Tagliabue Giovanna , Tjønneland Anne , Truong Thérèse , Tumino Rosario , Johansson Mattias , Weiderpass Elisabete , Murphy Neil , Gunter Marc J. , Lacey Ben , Allen Naomi E. , Dossus Laure
Published: July 2022

Background:

Current epidemiologic evidence indicates that smoking is associated with a lower endometrial cancer risk. However, it is unknown if this association is causal or confounded. To further elucidate the role of smoking in endometrial cancer risk, we conducted complementary observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.

Methods:

The observational analyses included 286,415 participants enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and 179,271 participants in the UK Biobank, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used. In two-sample MR analyses, genetic variants robustly associated with lifetime amount of smoking (n = 126 variants) and ever having smoked regularly (n = 112 variants) were selected and their association with endometrial cancer risk (12,906 cancer/108,979 controls from the Endometrial Cancer Association Consortium) was examined.

Results:

In the observational analysis, lifetime amount of smoking and ever having smoked regularly were associated with a lower endometrial cancer risk. In the MR analysis accounting for body mass index, a genetic predisposition to a higher lifetime amount of smoking was not associated with endometrial cancer risk (OR per 1-SD increment: 1.15; 95% confidence interval: 0.91–1.44). Genetic predisposition to ever having smoked regularly was not associated with risk of endometrial cancer.

Conclusions:

Smoking was inversely associated with endometrial cancer in the observational analyses, although unsupported by the MR. Additional studies are required to better understand the possible confounders and mechanisms underlying the observed associations between smoking and endometrial cancer.

Impact:

The results from this analysis indicate that smoking is unlikely to be causally linked with endometrial cancer risk.
Uso de substâncias psicoativas pelos pais e relações com os filhos: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Rodrigues Samuel Barroso , Santos Gabriele Milena Aparecida dos , Oliveira Juliana Alves , Otoni Thaís Caroline Santos Ferreira , Almeida Camila Souza de
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: descrever o impacto da parentalidade de usuários de substâncias psicoativas na saúde mental e no desenvolvimento dos filhos. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura cuja busca ocorreu entre os meses de agosto e outubro de 2020. Foram selecionados estudos cuja temática investigou a influência da parentalidade no desenvolvimento e na saúde mental dos filhos. Os critérios de exclusão foram artigos que abordaram o tema de forma tangencial, como o comportamento dos pais frente ao uso de substâncias pelos filhos. Resultados: foram selecionados cinco artigos que abordaram elementos da parentalidade que influenciam o desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais em crianças. O estilo parental negligente esteve relacionado a consequências negativas na vida dos filhos, sobretudo por estar associado, na maioria das vezes, com o uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas. Conclusão: constatou-se que o estilo parental pode influenciar diretamente a vida dos filhos, acarretando um problema na saúde mental e no desenvolvimento, sobretudo pela falta de cuidado, abandono pelos pais e diminuição do rendimento escolar.
Atuação da equipe de Enfermagem no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas
Authors: Metello Ingrid Gomes , Santos Tatiana Marques dos , Silva Thuany Cristine Santos da , Ferreira Rosa Gomes dos Santos , Queirós Paulo Joaquim Pina , Peres Maria Angélica de Almeida
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: descrever a inserção da equipe de Enfermagem em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas III. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e delineada como estudo de caso. A coleta de dados utilizou entrevista  semiestruturada com enfermeiros e técnicos de Enfermagem. A análise de dados foi subsidiada pela obra de Bardin. Resultados: a necessidade de emprego é um fator de inserção dos profissionais de Enfermagem no serviço estudado. O cuidado de Enfermagem tem planejamento individualizado e contextualizado na realidade dos sujeitos, contemplando e articulando o trabalho de Enfermagem com os serviços do território. Conclusão: o papel da equipe de Enfermagem torna-se fundamental para consolidar a Reforma Psiquiátrica e a expansão do serviço de saúde mental no país, promovendo e contribuindo para a reinserção e manutenção das pessoas atendidas no território, superando sua antiga atribuição de vigilância e controle.
Situações geradoras de distresse moral em enfermeiros de saúde mental
Authors: Bruggmann Mario Sergio , Schneider Dulcineia Ghizoni , Ramos Flávia Regina Souza
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: identificar as situações geradoras de distresse moral em enfermeiros de saúde mental na literatura científica nacional e internacional. Metodologia: revisão integrativa de literatura realizada em agosto de 2020, sem recorte temporal, nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e Scopus. Como estratégia de busca, foram utilizados os seguintes descritores “Sofrimento Moral”, “Saúde Mental”, “Enfermagem” e “Ética em Enfermagem” em diferentes combinações, com uso dos operadores booleanos “and” e “or”. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão seguindo a recomendação PRISMA, foram selecionados 15 artigos para análise. Resultados: identificou-se que os problemas ético/ morais e problemas/impedimentos institucionais englobam as maiores situações geradoras de distresse moral em enfermeiros de saúde mental no cenário mundial, sendo que a estratégia de enfrentamento mais apontada pelos artigos é a deliberação moral. Conclusão: estudos sobre distresse moral em enfermeiros de saúde mental ainda são incipientes, considerando-se a relevância da temática e suas implicações sobre a prática assistencial e vida pessoal destes profissionais. Neste sentido, considera-se necessária a realização de mais estudos originais nesta área, explorando também o método de deliberação moral.
Estudio de la presencia de la inmundicia en el arte contemporáneo
Authors: Medina Fernando Contreras , Marín Alba
Published: July 2022

Este artículo aborda la exhibición de inmundicias o bascosidades en el arte. Semen, orina, sangre, heces y otros fluidos humanos son materiales que se incorporan a la obra moderna. El interés de este estudio no estriba en la interpretación de obras en particular, sino en el conjunto de imágenes que afectan a los contemporáneos de estos artistas. Estas obras se entienden como representaciones visuales de la complejidad del arte contemporáneo y reflejo del estado de una cultura, de su sistema de valores, así como sus vicisitudes y sus momentos de pesimismo
Accountability as Constructive Dialogue: Can NGOs Persuade States to Conserve Biodiversity?
Authors: Ulloa Ana Maria
Published: July 2022

State-to-state accountability has greatly failed to improve compliance with multilateral environmental agreements. As this is also the case in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), this article explores how and with what effect nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) persuade states to fulfill their commitments to conserve biodiversity. The article conceptualizes accountability as learning-enabling dialogue with the potential to influence state behavior through the provision of constructive criticism. The underlying argument is that NGOs can contribute to overcoming implementation challenges by engaging in constructive dialogue with states. The triangulation of interviews with NGOs, CBD documents, and gray literature suggests that NGOs can challenge or even prevent states’ inertia by establishing critical but cooperative multilevel partnerships with states to advance implementation. Reconceptualizing accountability as constructive dialogue may contribute to realizing the transformative potential of accountability. However, more evidence is needed to understand the roles of NGOs in fostering learning and the impact of learning on improving implementation, compliance, and environmental outcomes.
Neuropsychological Evidence for a Motor Working Memory Subsystem Related to Apraxia
Authors: Bardakan Michella M. , Schmidt Claudia C. , Hesse Maike D. , Fink Gereon R. , Weiss Peter H.
Published: July 2022

Recent evidence in healthy participants suggests that a motor subcomponent of working memory (mWM) may exist. We investigated whether this mWM is impaired in patients with a motor-dominant left hemisphere (LH) stroke and apraxia. Furthermore, we hypothesized that a deficient mWM contributes to deficits in motor cognition, that is, apraxia, in LH stroke. The study included 52 patients with LH stroke and 25 age-matched controls. Patients were classified into LH stroke patients with and without apraxia based on deficits in gesture imitation and object use. All participants were examined using the block span test (visuospatial WM), the digit span test (verbal WM), and a novel mWM task. In the latter, participants were presented with static pictures depicting three different actions: actions with objects, meaningless actions, and meaningful actions. In the mWM task, LH stroke patients with apraxia performed worse than age-matched controls. Notably, LH stroke patients with apraxia showed more pronounced mWM deficits than those without apraxia. These results remained significant even after controlling for visuospatial and verbal WM deficits. Regression analyses revealed that LH stroke patients' mWM deficits predicted deficits in imitation. Data provide neuropsychological evidence for a motor subsystem of WM and suggest that deficits in mWM contribute to the severity of apraxia in LH stroke patients.
Neural Dynamics Underlying Cognitive Control Modulated by Reinforcement Learning of Irrelevant Stimulus–Response Associations
Authors: Zhang Daohua , Liu Lu , Huang Bingfang , Wang Ling
Published: July 2022

Human behavioral studies have shown that reward has multifaceted (motivational, learning, and emotional) effects on cognitive control. Past studies have extensively explored the neural underpinning of the motivational effect of reward on cognitive control, but less is known on the other components. The present study investigates the learning effect of reward on cognitive control with a novel paradigm reinforcing task-irrelevant stimulus–response (S-R) associations. We manipulated the contingency of irrelevant spatial stimulus–response–reward between participants (n = 54) in an orthogonal Simon task during EEG recording. The behavioral results showed that the orthogonal Simon effect in RTs and error rates increased or reversed when performance-contingent reward always followed spatially compatible or incompatible trials. The EEG results showed that the initial incorrect activation of the lateralized readiness potential, reflecting response preparation based on irrelevant spatial S-R associations, was present in the incompatible or compatible condition when reward always followed compatible or incompatible trials. Meanwhile, the P3b amplitude also showed a similar pattern of increase or reversal depending on the contingency of irrelevant stimulus–response–reward. These findings suggest that the brain used reward-strengthened irrelevant spatially compatible or incompatible S-R associations to predict responses. Moreover, the frontocentral N2 amplitude and theta band (4–8 Hz) power showed similar reward-related increase or reversal in the conflict effect, suggesting that there was conflict when the response predicted by the reward-strengthened irrelevant S-R associations was different from the correct response. Taken together, these results suggest that reinforcement learning of irrelevant spatial S-R associations can modulate cognitive control.
Canary in a Coal Mine: Infant Mortality and Tradeoffs Associated with Mid-20th Century Air Pollution
Authors: Clay Karen , Lewis Joshua , Severnini Edson
Published: July 2022

This paper examines the health tradeoffs associated with the historical expansion in coal-fired electricity generation in the United States. We combine newly digitized data on all major coal-fired power plants for the period 1938–1962 with two complementary difference-in-differences strategies. Coal-fired plants imposed large negative health externalities that were partially offset by the benefits of local electricity generation. The health impacts varied widely according to initial electricity access and evolved as the stock of generating capacity expanded over the sample period. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for both current and future payoffs when designing environmental regulation.
Skeptical Employers: Experimental Evidence on Biased Beliefs Constraining Firm Growth
Authors: Caria Stefano A. , Falco Paolo
Published: July 2022

Does low trust in workers discourage firms from hiring? We conduct an experiment in Ghana with real entrepreneurs who have the option to hire anonymous workers for a trivial but tedious task. Shirking attracts no penalty and completion of the task is an indicator of trustworthiness. We elicit employers’ expectations and study how they change with random signals of workers’ previous behavior. We find that employers underestimate workers’ trustworthiness, which reduces hiring and profits. Negative signals lower employers’ expectations, while positive signals do not affect them. This asymmetry can help to sustain an equilibrium with limited experimentation and biased beliefs.
The Effect of Incarceration on Mortality
Authors: Norris Samuel , Pecenco Matthew , Weaver Jeffrey
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes the effect of incarceration on mortality using administrative data from Ohio between 1992 and 2017. We first document that long-run survival is higher among the incarcerated than similar nonincarcerated defendants. Using event study designs centered around the time of release, we show why: mortality risk halves during the period of incarceration, with large reductions in murders, overdoses, and natural causes of death. However, incarceration does not increase postrelease mortality, and so the overall effect is increased longevity. These estimates reflect the high-risk environment faced by defendants when not incarcerated and suggest noncarceral policies to reduce these risks.
Trade, Gravity, and Aggregation
Authors: Breinlich Holger , Novy Dennis , Santos Silva J. M. C.
Published: July 2022

Gravity equations are an important tool in empirical international trade research. We study to what extent sector-level parameters can be recovered from aggregate gravity equations estimated via Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood. We show that in the leading case where trade cost regressors do not vary at the sector level, estimates obtained with aggregate data have a clear interpretation as a weighted average of sectoral elasticities. Otherwise the estimates are biased, but researchers may possibly infer the direction of the bias. We illustrate our results by revisiting Baier and Bergstrand’s (2007) influential study of the effects of free trade agreements.
La mystification autobiographique : un problème et une ressource. Le cas de Claude Lévi-Strauss
Authors: Stoczkowski Wiktor
Published: July 2022

Claude Lévi-Strauss a souvent souligné l’importance que revêtait pour lui la découverte précoce du marxisme dont l’inspiration l’aurait ensuite constamment accompagné dans son travail d’anthropologue. Cette affirmation est devenue un leitmotiv des travaux consacrés à Lévi-Strauss, sans que personne ne se soit soucié d’en vérifier le bien-fondé. De nombreux indices attestent pourtant que Lévi-Strauss s’est livré à une mystification autobiographique. Afin d’en saisir la signification, l’article se propose de reconstituer le contexte du milieu intellectuel parisien des années 1950, lorsque cette mystification a vu le jour, et d’expliquer les raisons qui ont poussé Lévi-Strauss à entretenir cette fiction encore une trentaine d’années plus tard. Le but de cet argument est de montrer que la ruse autobiographique habilement mise en scène, loin de n’être qu’un obstacle herméneutique, peut également devenir une ressource qui aide à lever le voile sur des pans oubliés de l’histoire.
Studies on chevron crickets: Morphological redescription of Chilean red cricket Cratomelus armatus Blanchard, 1851 (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae)
Authors: CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J. , M. DIDIER CASTAÑEDA , GARAY ANDREA , RINCÓN WILLIAM FERNANDO
Published: July 2022

An updated diagnosis for Cratomelus is provided, accompanied by a key to the identification of species. Cratomelus armatus is redescribed, including the genital structures, which were unknown until now, being a significant contribution to the morphological differentiation of this taxon of “chevron” crickets, giving additional data that will allow the future to differentiate them from the other anostostomatids of the world.
The Relationship Between Lateral Nasal Wall Collapse and Nasal Obstruction
Authors: Bae Mi Rye , Choi Woo Ri , Jang Yong Ju
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

In clinical practice, lateral nasal wall collapse during forced inspiration is widely regarded as a sign of nasal obstruction or criterion indicating nasal valve surgery. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the degree of lateral nasal wall collapse and subjective nasal obstruction. In addition, factors related to lateral nasal wall collapse were also investigated.

Methods:

In this study, lateral nasal wall collapse is determined by the degree of lateral nasal wall triangle (LNWT) area reduction on frontal view during forced inspiration compared to quiet inspiration. LNWT area ratio of the patient and control groups was compared. The relationship between the lateral nasal wall collapse and clinical factors including symptom scores, nasal valve angles, skin thickness were evaluated.

Results:

The average LNWT area ratio of the patient (n = 24) and control groups (n = 27) was 0.96 and 0.83 respectively ( P = .001). Symptom score (NOSE and VAS) is not related to the degree of lateral nasal wall collapse. Moreover, nasal valve angle and skin thickness were also not related to the degree of lateral nasal wall collapse. In 14 of the 19 patients, the more obstructed side corresponded to the side of narrower nasal valve angle, and 5 were not.

Conclusion:

Lateral nasal wall collapse is not related to a patients’ nasal obstruction.
Enacting a Grand Challenge for Business and Society: Theorizing Issue Maturation in the Media-Based Public Discourse on COVID-19 in Three National Contexts
Authors: Schwoon Bennet , Schoeneborn Dennis , Scherer Andreas Georg
Published: July 2022

While today it is universally acknowledged that COVID-19 has generated immense challenges for businesses and societies worldwide, public perceptions varied significantly at the time of the pandemic’s initial appearance, even among democratic societies with comparable media systems. The growing scholarship on grand societal challenges in management and organization studies, however, tends to neglect the initial social construction of issues as complex, uncertain, evaluative, and widespread. We address this shortcoming by exploring the initial communicative enactment of COVID-19 in the media-based public discourse in Switzerland, Germany, and the United Kingdom. By applying a social problem work lens, we identify three mechanisms that explain the maturation of COVID-19 into a grand challenge, further showing how these are contextually dependent on differences in discourse quality. We add to research on grand challenges, issue maturation, and framing dynamics by theorizing how issues become constructed and acknowledged as grand challenges in the first place.
Honor the Quiet Listeners: Foundations and Approaches for Supporting Introverted Music Students
Authors: Hanson Josef , Ross Cameron
Published: July 2022

Music educators are responsible for teaching students with an array of personality types and must be able to reach them all. Introverted or quieter students may constitute up to 50 percent of participants in a given music class or ensemble. In this article, we discuss differences between extroverted and introverted music learners and synthesize research findings into commonsense teaching strategies that support a variety of student personalities. Music educators can make small adjustments to their existing practices to ensure all students grow and thrive, even the quieter ones.
Temporal profile of angiogenesis and expression of extracellular matrix-related genes in rat brains following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Yang A-Li , Zhou Hua-Jun , Tang Tao , Luo Jie-Kun , Cui Han-Jin
Published: July 2022

Background:

Angiogenesis is essential for the repair process after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods:

Given the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in angiogenesis, we analysed the temporal profile of angiogenesis in rat brains on days 4, 7, and 21 after ICH. To this end, we compared the expression of ECM-related genes between ICH-induced and sham-operated groups using a complementary DNA (cDNA) array. We further measured protein expression using western blot and immunohistochemistry assays. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran was injected into the tail vein to examine the angioarchitecture in the perihematomal region.

Results:

Among the 88 ECM-related genes, we identified 42, 50, and 38 genes that were significantly upregulated on days 4, 7, and 21 after ICH, respectively ( P < 0.05). Particularly, collagens, integrins, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were significantly increased on day 4 post-ICH and continued to increase at the other time points. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses showed a comparable trend in the upregulation of MMPs. Compared to the sham group, FITC-dextran labelling demonstrated decreased perfusion and increased vascular permeability in the perihematomal region in the ICH group. Doxycycline, an MMP inhibitor, significantly reduced angiogenesis ( P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The results of this study indicate that MMPs are involved in modulating angiogenesis following ICH.
Inclusive Supports and Strategies to Increase Opportunities to Respond for All Learners
Authors: Johnson Holly N. , Wakeman Shawnee Y. , Clausen Amy M.
Published: July 2022

Many general education teachers have indicated they do not feel well prepared to meet the academic and behavioral needs of students with extensive support needs (ESN). Although teachers cite limited training, preparation, and experience as notable barriers to general education placements for students with ESN, the opportunity and success of the inclusion of students with ESN in general education, should never be dependent on the previous preparation of teachers. To address and reduce some of the identified barriers, this article proposes ways in which many strategies commonly used for instruction with students without disabilities can readily be adapted to allow not only access for students with disabilities but to also promote active engagement and progress towards learning the general education content standards.
Automatic coloration of pattern based on color parsing of Sung porcelain
Authors: Jing Jia , Pinghua Xu , Xiaowan Sun , Jingwen Cao , Ruibing Lin
Published: July 2022

In order to improve the coloration efficiency of fashion design, an automatic color matching mechanism based on adaptive color clustering of image scenes is proposed for clothing patterns. Taking images of Sung porcelain as an example, 300 porcelain images from six different kilns were collected as testing samples. The porcelain area of each sample image was detected by image segmentation and denoising. The bipartite K-means clustering algorithm was utilized to adaptively extract the main colors of each sample. Also, the secondary clustering was carried out to obtain the main color values, proportions and co-occurrence ratios of each kiln’s image. A dynamic color matching mechanism integrating the number of color clusters, co-occurrence ratio, and structure characteristics of the target pattern, was designed and automatic color parsing and matching software was developed. The experiment results show that the color matching control parameters, source images, pattern shape, and other factors affect the main color selection sequence and the final matching effect. The time consumed for single sample color extraction and pattern automatic color matching are all less than 1 s, which can quickly realize the pattern color migration based on image scenes and further provide auxiliary decision-making for clothing pattern color design.
Engaged Learning as a Pathway Towards Supporting Hispanic Students at Urban Universities
Authors: Gómez Soler Inmaculada
Published: July 2022

Supporting nontraditional students within the student lifecycle is one of the major challenges faced by urban universities. This study presents a pedagogical intervention in which a group of Hispanic students participated in an engaged learning project with a bilingual newspaper. Findings indicate that this project motivated students to complete their degree, helped them develop transferrable skills, led to higher academic engagement, and increased their sense of belonging to the local Hispanic community. These results highlight the importance of engaged learning as one of the tangible tools teachers can use to support nontraditional and minority students in urban tertiary institutions.
How Does Globalization Influence the Impact of Tourism on Carbon Emissions and Ecological Footprint? Evidence from African Countries
Authors: Ehigiamusoe Kizito Uyi , Shahbaz Muhammad , Vo Xuan Vinh
Published: July 2022

Tourism and globalization are considered as drivers of economic growth since they boost income, job opportunities, infrastructural development, international trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, and technological diffusion. However, the economic benefits of tourism and globalization could occur at the expense of increased energy consumption (from fossil fuels) and other pollution-intensive activities that worsen environmental degradation, especially in countries with lax institutions and environmental standards. The roles of tourism, globalization, and their interaction term on environmental degradation have not been thoroughly investigated. Hence, this study analyzes the moderating role of globalization on the impact of tourism on environmental degradation (carbon emissions and ecological footprint) in 31 African countries using different dimensions of tourism and globalization. It uncovers the marginal effect of tourism on environmental degradation at different levels of globalization. It utilizes strategies that account for cointegration, dynamism, endogeneity, heterogeneity, cross sectional dependency, and causality. Evidence from this study shows that globalization and its dimensions play favorable moderating roles on the impact of tourism on carbon emissions. The marginal effect of tourism on carbon emissions decreases as globalization increases, suggesting that a simultaneous increase in tourism and globalization can mitigate carbon emissions. However, no evidence to show that globalization can mitigate the environmental impact of tourism on ecological footprint. The findings differ probably because carbon emissions and ecological footprint measure different aspects of environmental degradation. This analysis emphasizes the need for countries to consider the interaction between tourism and globalization in their quest to ensure environmental sustainability.

JEL Classification: F64, Q53, Z32
There is No Place Like Home for the Holidays: Who Travels in the Midst of a Deadly Pandemic?
Authors: Litvin Stephen W. , Guttentag Daniel
Published: July 2022

The 2020 year-end holidays were a time of much apprehension regarding COVID-19, with U.S. health officials concerned that travel would result in a post-holiday surge of the disease. As such, much effort was expended encouraging people to forego their normal travel. Many Americans, however, ignored this advice and a strong uptick of travel within the U.S. was soon followed by an alarming increase in COVID cases. A U.S. online survey was conducted to better understand those individuals who made the risky decision to travel despite being encouraged by their government not to do so. Those who traveled for the holidays were compared with those who stayed home, based on their attitudes toward COVID, various psychographic characteristics associated with risk, political attitudes, and demographics. The between-group differences, shared herein, were startlingly clear. The findings are of theoretical value and will prove useful when setting policy and messaging during future crises.
Observational Learning in Networks of Competition: How structures of attention among rivals can bring interpretive advantage
Authors: Prato Matteo , Stark David
Published: July 2022

Much of social network analysis has focused on learning in communication networks among collaborators in which actors can make direct inquiries to seek clarification about alters’ behavior or views. But such inquiries are typically not possible among rivals. Learning among rivals occurs primarily in observational networks in which actors must make inferences of the logics guiding their competitors’ behavior in markets. What promotes interpretive advantage in these networks of observation? We combine multimarket competition theory and structural hole theory to highlight the benefits of multiple exposure to disconnected competitors. In network-analytic terms we suggest that competitors’ interpretive advantage lies in non-redundant dyadic closure, especially when dealing with uncertain market niches. Dyadic closure, measuring ego’s exposure to her direct competitors in multiple markets, increases the ability to interpret competitors’ observed behavior. Redundancy, measuring the extent to which ego’s competitors are exposed to each other, reduces the diversity of views to which ego is exposed and hence the capacity to cope with uncertainty. We test our hypothesis by analyzing the network of competition created by securities analysts and the stocks they cover. We find that estimates issued by an analyst with multiple exposures to disconnected competitors are more accurate when confronted by more challenging, high risk, high reward, volatile stocks. Shifting the focus from direct social ties to the cognitive ties that link actors based on the objects, problems, or issues to which they pay attention, we develop a new approach to network analysis. Observation networks, we argue, operate neither as pipes nor as prisms but can be better conceived as scopes.
Does It Pay Off? Understanding Subjective Employment Mobility of European Physicians in Germany
Authors: Becker Regina
Published: July 2022

This article investigates the subjective employment mobility, defined as migrants’ evaluation of their employment situation before and after migration, of European physicians in Germany. Analyzing different dimensions of occupation (e.g., income, working conditions, use of skills, career opportunities) of physicians who migrated to Germany from within the European Union (i.e., EU physicians), it examines which factors influence physicians’ perception of whether migration worsened or improved their employment situation. I argue that the original reasons to migrate (e.g., economic, career-related, or family reasons) and other migration-related factors (e.g., language skills), as well as characteristics of the occupation (e.g., the hierarchical structure), must be considered to understand subjective employment mobility. The analyses are based on original survey data collected among EU physicians in Germany ( N = 1,058). Results from OLS regressions show that physicians’ original reasons for migration largely matched their subjective employment mobility, suggesting that migration for career reasons and a perceived improvement of use of skills and career opportunities are positively linked while migration for economic reasons positively affected physicians’ perception of income and working conditions. Physicians aiming for the highest position perceived their overall employment situation as worse compared to before migration, and the origin region mattered, particularly for physicians from EU Eastern member-states, who were more likely to perceive an improvement in their employment situation. Results further inform understandings of labor-related migration of high-skilled professionals by identifying obstacles and conducive conditions at migration for a group that is often assumed not to face barriers in using migration for professional advancement.
Pleuropulmonary blastoma masquerading as pneumothorax in a patient with a ventricular septal defect
Authors: Bagaria Vivek , Siddharth Bharat , Hote Milind P
Published: July 2022

Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare pediatric primary lung tumor. We report a case of a child with Down syndrome and a large ventricular septal defect presenting with pleuropulmonary blastoma initially misdiagnosed as spontaneous pneumothorax. Following tube thoracostomy drainage of the pneumothorax, the child underwent surgical closure of the ventricular septal defect. However, the postoperative period was complicated by recurrent left pleural collection requiring prolonged intercostal tube drainage and two thoracotomies to evacuate the necrotic pleural material. The biopsy of the necrotic material was suggestive of type III pleuropulmonary blastoma. In view of the high propensity of metastasis associated with this variant of a tumor, the patient was started on chemotherapy. This case report highlights the possibility of pleuropulmonary blastoma presenting as pneumothorax and emphasizes the need to consider the etiology, before intervening in a child presenting with spontaneous pneumothorax.
Effectiveness of early cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart valve surgery: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Xue Wei , Xinlan Zhang , Xiaoyan Zheng
Published: July 2022

Objective

Complications of heart valve surgery lead to physical inactivity and produce harmful effects. This study aimed to investigate the role of a cardiac rehabilitation program and its long-term effect in patients after heart valve surgery.

Methods

We performed a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Patients with heart valve surgery were randomly assigned to receive early cardiac rehabilitation (intervention group, 44 patients) or the usual care (control group, 43 patients). The intervention group performed sitting, standing, and walking exercises, followed by endurance training. The control group received usual care and did not engage in any physical activity. Physical function was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and other measurement tools.

Results

The intervention group showed a significant beneficial effect regarding physical capacity as shown by the SPPB and the 6-minute walking test at hospital discharge, and a better long-term effect was achieved at 6 months compared with the control group. An improvement in physical function (e.g., the SPPB) after hospital discharge predicted follow-up mortality (odds ratio = 0.416, 95% confidence interval: 0.218–0.792).

Conclusion

Early cardiac rehabilitation appears to be an effective approach to improve the physical function and survival of patients with heart valve surgery.
Optic neuropathy, a warning for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and underlying dural arteriovenous fistulae
Authors: Xiao Minjia , Huang Xiang
Published: July 2022

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) typically presents as headache, papilledema, and seizures. A dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a rare intracranial vascular malformation, and common symptoms include headache, pulsatile tinnitus, and stroke. The occurrence of CVST as a complication of DAVF is infrequent. Moreover, optic neuropathy presenting as the initial symptom of CVST and secondary DAVF is also unusual. We present a case of a patient with optic neuropathy and persistent intracranial hypertension who underwent head magnetic resonance imaging, which indicated CVST. She received normative anticoagulant and dehydration therapy; however, a repeated lumbar puncture showed dramatically increased intracranial pressure. Further digital subtraction angiography revealed an intracranial DAVF. The patient was finally diagnosed with a DAVF and secondary CVST. This case indicates that intractable optic neuropathy could be an uncommon indicator for CVST and secondary DAVF. Early diagnosis and early treatment are essential for visual rehabilitation and prognosis improvement.
Biomechanical evaluation of the reconstruction of the calcar femorale in femoral neck fractures: a comparative finite element analysis
Authors: Gao Zhihao , Ma Jianxiong , Wang Ying , Lu Bin , Bai Haohao , Sun Lei , Jin Hongzhen , Zhang Zijian , Ma Xinlong
Published: July 2022

Objective

Femoral neck fractures are common. We evaluated the biomechanical performance of an internal fixation method based on traditional three cannulated screws (3CS) inserted from below the fracture in the direction of the calcar femorale in the treatment of Pauwels III femoral neck fracture.

Methods

We constructed and evaluated a three-dimensional model of a Pauwels III femoral neck fracture with four models of internal fixation (3CS, and 150°, 155°, and 160° nailing angles) for reconstruction of the calcar femorale, by finite element analysis (FEA).

Results

The peak stress values at the fracture ends in the 3CS, 150°, 155°, and 160° nailing angle models were 30.052 MPa, 33.382 MPa, 34.012 MPa, and 29.858 MPa; peak stress values for internal fixed stress were 315.121 MPa, 228.819 MPa, 198.173 MPa, and 208.798 MPa; and the maximum displacement of the femoral head was 13.190 mm, 13.183 mm, 12.443 mm, and 12.896 mm, respectively.

Conclusion

FEA showed that the new nailing methods and the 160° nailing angle for reconstruction of the calcar femorale showed better performance in resisting shearing force for Pauwels III femoral neck fracture, with better mechanical properties, than those with the other three models. These findings can provide a clinical reference.
Magnetic resonance imaging features of a solitary fibrous tumor of the vulva: a case report
Authors: Lin Chuxin , Yu Xiangrong
Published: July 2022

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are commonly seen in the pleura. SFT involvement of the vulva is rare, and clinical diagnosis is mainly based on histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. We herein describe the imaging features of a 69-year-old woman with an SFT of the vulva. The SFT was hypointense on T1-weighted images, similar to muscle; however, it showed inhomogeneous hyperintensity predominantly on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images. An area of low signal intensity was evident on T2-weighted images, and the tumor showed progressive enhancement in delayed phases. The tumor also displayed heterogeneous and prolonged, persistent enhancement, and serpentine vessels were present in the peritumoral area as signal voids. Pathological examination confirmed that the lesion was an atypical SFT originating from the vulva, and it was composed of spindle cells and perivascular and stromal hyalinization. This case reveals the characteristic imaging findings of vulvar SFT and their association with the relevant pathological findings, thus contributing to the primary diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of this potentially aggressive tumor.
Nomogram predicts the prognosis of patients with thymic carcinoma: A population-based study using SEER data
Authors: Huang Yang-Yu , Liu Xuan , Liang Shen-Hua , Wu Lei-Lei , Ma Guo-Wei
Published: July 2022

Background:

Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a rare malignant tumor that can have a poor prognosis, and accurate prognostication prediction remains difficult. We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) based on a large cohort of patients.

Methods:

The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was searched to identify TC patients (1975–2016). Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to identify predictors of OS and CSS, which were used to construct nomograms. The nomograms were evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Subgroup analysis was performed to identify high-risk patients.

Results:

The analysis identified six predictors of OS (Masaoka stage, surgical method, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, bone metastasis, and radiotherapy) and five predictors of CSS (Masaoka stage, surgical method, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, and brain metastasis), which were used to create nomograms for predicting three-year and five-year OS and CSS. The nomograms had reasonable C-index values (OS: 0.687 [training] and 0.674 [validation], CSS: 0.712 [training] and 0.739 [validation]). The DCA curve revealed that the nomograms were better for predicting OS and CSS, relative to the Masaoka staging system.

Conclusion:

We developed nomograms using eight clinicopathological factors that predicted OS and CSS among TC patients. The nomograms performed better than the traditional Masaoka staging system and could identify high-risk patients. Based on the nomograms’ performance, we believe they will be useful prognostication tools for TC patients.
Unbuilding the city: Deconstruction and the circular economy in Vancouver
Authors: Lynch Nicholas
Published: July 2022

Globally, the construction, renovation, and demolition sectors are increasingly responsible for growing resource demand and structural waste, even given progress in energy efficient technologies, ‘green’ building design, and local planning regulations. In response, the Circular Economy has become a popular agenda in the construction, renovation, and demolition sector as it offers a new model that not only maximizes materials reuse and recovery but also reframes urban systems and the built environment in a closed-loop (cradle-to-cradle) paradigm. In particular, popular visions of the Circular Economy promote, among other actions, ‘optimizing’ the end-of-the-life of buildings and their materials. Deconstruction (i.e. piece-by-piece demolition) is one key optimization strategy that has received increasing, yet limited, attention by researchers. This paper traces the development of an incipient deconstruction sector in Vancouver, focusing on the possibilities and challenges of deconstruction and material recovery practices as viable strategies for a transformative Circular Economy. I investigate two related aspects: first, the emerging policy landscape surrounding green demolition, and second, the development of ‘unbuilding’ practices and more formal ‘Deconstruction Hubs’. Overall, the paper finds that while these developments represent fundamental steps towards a more sustainable built environment, there remain a number of significant social, political and economic limitations that must be confronted if we are to meet the growing demands for more radical sustainability and ‘circularity’ not only in Canadian construction, renovation, and demolition sectors, but across Canadian cities and beyond.
Demystifying the role of anaesthetists in clinical coding in the Australian healthcare system
Authors: Smith Samuel L , Mockeridge Brydie R , van Zundert André AJ
Published: July 2022

Despite the self-evident importance of hospital funding, many anaesthetists remain unsure of exactly how their daily work relates to hospital reimbursement. A lack of awareness of the nuances of the Australian hospital activity–based funding system has the potential to affect anaesthetic department reimbursement and thus resourcing. Activity-based funding relies on clinical coders reviewing clinical documentation and quantifying the care given to a patient during an admission. Errors in funding allocation may arise when there is a disconnect between the work performed and the information coded. In anaesthesia, there are several factors impeding this process, including clinical understanding of coding, system setup and coders’ understanding of anaesthesia. This article explores these factors from the clinical anaesthetist’s point of view and suggests solutions, such as awareness and education, clinician–coder cooperation and redesign of documentation systems at a systems level that anaesthetic departments can incorporate.
Headache at the chronic stage of cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Bossoni Alexandre Souza , Peres Mario Fernando Prieto , Leite Claudia da Costa , Fortini Ida , Conforto Adriana Bastos
Published: July 2022

Background

Headache is the most frequent symptom of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) but there is limited information about the frequency and phenotype of headache, weeks to months after cerebral venous thrombosis (post-cerebral venous thrombosis headache, PCH).

Objective

To assess the frequency, characteristics and predictors of PCH.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, the frequency and characteristics of PCH were assessed in cerebral venous thrombosis survivors. Patients were interviewed between six months and five years after the cerebral venous thrombosis diagnosis. Clinical and imaging characteristics at the time of cerebral venous thrombosis diagnosis, as well as history of headache prior to cerebral venous thrombosis were compared in subjects with (GroupPCH) and without PCH (Groupcontrol).

Results

Subjects (n = 100; 82% women) were assessed, on average, at 1.1 ± 1.6 years of follow-up. PCH was present in 59% of the patients, phenotypes of tension-type-like headache were present in 31/59 (52.6%) and of migraine-like headache in 16/59 (27.1%). History of primary headache prior to cerebral venous thrombosis was significantly more common (OR: 6.4; 95% CI: 1.7–36.3) in GroupPCH (33.9%) than in Groupcontrol (7.3%).

Conclusion

PCH was present in more than half of the patients. History of prior headache may be a risk factor for PCH. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings and determine mechanisms, as well as interventions for prevention and treatment of PCH.
Multi-Criteria Assessment of Bridge Sites for Conducting PSTD/ISTD: Case Histories
Authors: Osouli Abdolreza , Ebrahimi Mostafa , Alzamora Daniel , Shoup Heather Z. , Pagenkopf James
Published: July 2022

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has recently developed the Portable Scour Testing Device (PSTD) to improve scour analysis around bridge piers in cohesive soils as part of the NextScour project. The PSTD is a compact field erosion testing device that, apart from a drill rig and larger water pump, has a lot of similarity with the In-situ Scour Testing Device (ISTD) in mechanism and data acquisition. The purpose of this paper is to provide recommendations on the suitability of using PSTD and ISTD at sites that have cohesive subsurface soils. An overview of the capabilities and limitations of the PSTD/ISTD in relation to hydraulic considerations, soil types, depth coverages, and erodibility potential is given. A multi-criteria assessment methodology to evaluate site suitability for conducting PSTD/ISTD is presented. The assessment methodology was utilized to detect suitable sites among 30 Illinois bridge sites using soil layer information, boring locations, groundwater level readings, in-situ testing results, geospatial analysis, site accessibility, and aerial photos.