bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ill-Fated Quest for Fame in Psychological Research
Authors: Freund Alexandra M.
Published: November 2017

The question “Am I famous yet?” directs our attention to the outcome of the journey of being a psychological scientist. There is nothing inherently wrong with wanting to achieve the highest possible outcomes when pursuing a goal. However, for a researcher, fame is an outcome that is very vague, abstract, distal, and unlikely to be attained. Focusing on this outcome might undermine motivation and persistence in the difficult endeavor of doing excellent research and contributing to psychological knowledge. To become an excellent psychological scientist might be a better outcome to which to aspire. However, focusing on the outcome seems generally less adaptive than focusing on the process of goal pursuit. A focus on the process of research is more likely to lead to higher motivation and persistence, and it might increase performance. In sum, the question “Am I famous yet?” might be ill conceived and might be better replaced by the question “How do I make a contribution to psychological science?”
How to do a systematic review
Authors: Pollock Alex , Berge Eivind
Published: November 2017

High quality up-to-date systematic reviews are essential in order to help healthcare practitioners and researchers keep up-to-date with a large and rapidly growing body of evidence. Systematic reviews answer pre-defined research questions using explicit, reproducible methods to identify, critically appraise and combine results of primary research studies. Key stages in the production of systematic reviews include clarification of aims and methods in a protocol, finding relevant research, collecting data, assessing study quality, synthesizing evidence, and interpreting findings. Systematic reviews may address different types of questions, such as questions about effectiveness of interventions, diagnostic test accuracy, prognosis, prevalence or incidence of disease, accuracy of measurement instruments, or qualitative data. For all reviews, it is important to define criteria such as the population, intervention, comparison and outcomes, and to identify potential risks of bias. Reviews of the effect of rehabilitation interventions or reviews of data from observational studies, diagnostic test accuracy, or qualitative data may be more methodologically challenging than reviews of effectiveness of drugs for the prevention or treatment of stroke. Challenges in reviews of stroke rehabilitation can include poor definition of complex interventions, use of outcome measures that have not been validated, and poor generalizability of results. There may also be challenges with bias because the effects are dependent on the persons delivering the intervention, and because masking of participants and investigators may not be possible. There are a wide range of resources which can support the planning and completion of systematic reviews, and these should be considered when planning a systematic review relating to stroke.
Design and implementation of observational studies to measure disease burden with a focus on stroke
Authors: Howard George , Howard Virginia J
Published: November 2017

Observational epidemiological studies have the dual goals of measuring disease burden and assessing the association between exposures and outcomes. This report focuses on the first of these goals and provides an overview of design considerations of commonly used approaches, specifically community surveillance studies, cross-sectional studies, and longitudinal cohort studies. Each of these designs has strengths and weaknesses, with no study design being superior in all cases. Rather, these designs are complementary to achieve a better understanding of the burden of stroke.
Helicobacter pylori controls NLRP3 expression by regulating hsa-miR-223-3p and IL-10 in cultured and primary human immune cells
Authors: Pachathundikandi Suneesh Kumar , Backert Steffen
Published: November 2017

Inflammasome-mediated production of mature IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines represents an important innate immune response against infecting pathogens. Helicobacter pylori, one of the most successful and persistent human pathogens, induces severe inflammation leading to gastritis and more serious gastric diseases. H. pylori modulates different immune responses for its survival and inflammasome signaling is manipulated by the cag pathogenicity island ( cagPAI), urease and VacA cytotoxin. Here we report that H. pylori regulates NLRP3 expression, an inflammasome forming regulator, in infected THP-1 monocytes. This response was independent of the major H. pylori pathogenicity-associated factors CagA, VacA, Cgt, FlaA and cagPAI. Two NLRP3 expression controlling factors, the NLRP3 mRNA targeting microRNA hsa-miR-223-3p and cytokine IL-10, were found to work in tandem for its regulation. H. pylori infection also induced copious amount of pro-IL-1β in THP-1 monocytes/macrophages but secreted a very low amount of mature IL-1β. Moreover, secreted IL-10 correlated with the down-regulation of nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation of LPS-primed THP-1 monocytes and human PBMCs from volunteers. However, H. pylori-treated PBMCs secreted significantly more mature IL-1β throughout the infection period, which suggests a different mode of activation. Taken together, this study demonstrates targeting of inflammasome-forming NLRP3, an important innate immunity component, and crucial manipulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in H. pylori infection.
Impact of novel N-aryl piperamide NO donors on NF-κB translocation in neuroinflammation: rational drug-designing synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Shahbazi Sajad , Kaur Jagdeep , Singh Shikha , Achary K Gopinath , Wani Sameena , Jema Sobhagyalaxmi , Akhtar Jabed , Sobti Ranbir Chander
Published: November 2017

NO donor drugs showed a significant therapeutic effect in the treatment of many diseases, such as arteriopathies, various acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, and several degenerative diseases. NO-releasing anti-inflammatory drugs are the prototypes of a novel class of compounds, combining the pharmacological activities of anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive of drugs with those of NO, thus possessing potential therapeutic applications in a great variety of diseases. In this study, we designed and predicted biological activity by targeting cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) and NF-κB subunits and pharmacological profiling along with toxicity predictions of various N-aryl piperamides linked via an ester bond to a spacer that is bound to a NO-releasing moiety (-ONO2). The result of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion and Docking studies indicated that among 51 designed molecules PA-3′K showed the best binding potential in both the substrate and inhibitory binding pocket of the COX-2 enzyme with affinity values of –9.33 and –5.12 for PDB ID 1CVU and 3LN1, respectively, thereby having the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent. The results of cell viabilities indicated that PA-3′k possesses the best cell viability property with respect to its dose (17.33 ng/ml), with 67.76% and 67.93% viable cells for CHME3 and SVG cell lines, respectively.
Evaluation of Performance of Laboratories and Manufacturers Within the Framework of the IFCC model for Quality Targets of HbA1c
Authors: Weykamp Cas , Siebelder Carla
Published: November 2017

HbA1c is a key parameter in diabetes management. For years the test has been used exclusively for monitoring of long-term diabetic control. However, due to improvement of the performance, HbA1c is considered more and more for diagnosis and screening. With this new application, quality demands further increase. A task force of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine developed a model to set and evaluate quality targets for HbA1c. The model is based on the concept of total error and takes into account the major sources of analytical errors in the medical laboratory: bias and imprecision. Performance criteria are derived from sigma-metrics and biological variation. This review shows 2 examples of the application of the model: at the level of single laboratories, and at the level of a group of laboratories. In the first example data of 125 individual laboratories of a recent external quality assessment program in the Netherlands are evaluated. Differences between laboratories as well as their relation to method principles are shown. The second example uses recent and 3-year-old data of the proficiency test of the College of American Pathologists. The differences in performance between 26 manufacturer-related groups of laboratories are shown. Over time these differences are quite consistent although some manufacturers improved substantially either by better standardization or by replacing a test. The IFCC model serves all who are involved in HbA1c testing in the ongoing process of better performance and better patient care.
Social Factors in Aesthetics: Social Conformity Pressure and a Sense of Being Watched Affect Aesthetic Judgments
Authors: Hesslinger Vera M. , Carbon Claus-Christian , Hecht Heiko
Published: November 2017

The present study is a first attempt to experimentally test the impact of two specific social factors, namely social conformity pressure and a sense of being watched, on participants’ judgments of the artistic quality of aesthetic objects. We manipulated conformity pressure with a test form in which a photograph of each stimulus was presented together with unanimously low (downward pressure) or high quality ratings (upward pressure) of three would-be previous raters. Participants’ sense of being watched was manipulated by testing each of them in two settings, one of which contained an eyespots stimulus. Both social factors significantly affected the participants’ judgments—unexpectedly, however, with conformity pressure only working in the downward direction and eyespots leading to an overall downward shift in participants’ judgments. Our findings indicate the relevance of including explicit and implicit social factors in aesthetics research, thus also reminding us of the limitations of overly reductionist approaches to investigating aesthetic perception and experience.
Moving Backgrounds Massively Change the Apparent Size, Shape and Orientation of Flashed Test Squares
Authors: Anstis Stuart , Cavanagh Patrick
Published: November 2017

A random-dot background was expanded and contracted, and rotated, or expanded in one dimension while contracting on the other, or skewed back and forth horizontally. Squares that were flashed at the reversal points of these affine pattern distortions, aligned to edges in the texture, showed massive changes in size and shape.
An effective hangover treatment: Friend or foe?
Authors: Mackus Marlou , Lantman Marith van Schrojenstein , JAE van de Loo Aurora , Nutt David , Verster Joris C
Published: November 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine whether drinkers would change their alcohol consumption behavior if an effective hangover treatment became available.

Methods

An online survey was held among Dutch students, aged 18–30 years, who recently had a hangover. Participants were asked (1) whether they would buy an effective hangover treatment if it became available and (2) whether using such a product would increase their alcohol consumption. In a follow-up survey, the same participants could clarify their answers in detail.

Results

A total of 1837 subjects completed the survey: 69.9% of the participants indicated they would buy an effective hangover treatment if available, 8.1% answered “no”, and 22.1% did not know. Only 13.4% stated that using such a treatment would increase their alcohol consumption. The majority of 71.6% stated it would not increase their alcohol consumption and 15.1% did not know. The follow-up survey was completed by N = 471 participants, of which 11.9% stated consuming more alcohol, 70.3% reported not to drink more alcohol, and 17.8% did not know. Motives for not consuming more alcohol were “The risk of having a hangover does not influence my drinking behavior” (24.2%), and “alcohol is a harmful substance” (20.3%).

Discussion

Social drinkers second the need for an effective hangover treatment. However, according to the vast majority of them, the availability of an effective hangover treatment would not result in an increase of alcohol consumption.
Neoliberalism and the Communicative Labor of CrossFit
Authors: James Eric P. , Gill Rebecca
Published: November 2017

This article examines the “Xtreme” fitness zeitgeist and its implications for agency beyond the gym. Specifically, we explore CrossFit, a particularly prominent fitness program, in light of the ways that neoliberal discourses and the exigencies of being self-made pointedly inform contemporary understandings of gender and the body. Drawing on data from an ethnographically inspired study, we suggest that CrossFit constructs its ideal participant through the three discursive mechanisms of (1) reclamation, (2) self-making, and (3) exceptionalism. Ultimately, we argue that the ideal Xtreme fitness participant, made possible in part by personal branding, reproduces neoliberal self-made discourse by physically wearing one’s moral choices. Moreover, although these discourses complicate gender possibilities, they ultimately reproduce hegemonic ordering that appeals to neoliberal embodiment.
Final analysis of survival outcomes in the phase 3 FIRST trial of up-front treatment for multiple myeloma
Authors: Facon Thierry , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Dispenzieri Angela , Catalano John V. , Belch Andrew , Cavo Michele , Pinto Antonello , Weisel Katja , Ludwig Heinz , Bahlis Nizar J. , Banos Anne , Tiab Mourad , Delforge Michel , Cavenagh Jamie D. , Geraldes Catarina , Lee Je-Jung , Chen Christine , Oriol Albert , De La Rubia Javier , White Darrell , Binder Daniel , Lu Jin , Anderson Kenneth C. , Moreau Philippe , Attal Michel , Perrot Aurore , Arnulf Bertrand , Qiu Lugui , Roussel Murielle , Boyle Eileen , Manier Salomon , Mohty Mohamad , Avet-Loiseau Herve , Leleu Xavier , Ervin-Haynes Annette , Chen Guang , Houck Vanessa , Benboubker Lotfi , Hulin Cyrille
Published: November 2017

Key Points

Rd continuous significantly extended OS compared with MPT and resulted in comparable OS to that with Rd18 in patients with multiple myeloma. Patients achieving complete or very good partial response with Rd benefited greatly from continuous vs fixed treatment in terms of PFS.
Donor-specific and -nonspecific HLA antibodies and outcome post lung transplantation
Authors: Verleden Stijn E. , Vanaudenaerde Bart M. , Emonds Marie-Paul , Van Raemdonck Dirk E. , Neyrinck Arne P. , Verleden Geert M. , Vos Robin
Published: November 2017

Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) are associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and mortality post lung transplantation, but data concerning prevalence, time of onset, persistence and effects on long-term outcome remain scarce.

We assessed the association between HLA antibodies and CLAD-free and graft survival in a cohort of 362 patients. We stratified our analysis according to DSA status, persistence of antibodies and timing of antibodies (pre-transplant, early or late post-transplant).

Within our cohort, 61 (17%) patients developed DSAs (mostly against HLA-DQ), which was associated with worse CLAD-free and graft survival (p<0.0001 and p=0.059, respectively). Persistent (hazard ratio (HR) 3.386, 95% CI 1.928–5.948; p<0.0001) as well as transient (HR 2.998, 95% CI 1.406–6.393; p=0.0045) DSAs were associated with shorter CLAD-free survival compared with patients without DSAs. Persistent DSAs (HR 3.071, 95% CI 1.632–5.778; p=0.0005) but not transient DSAs were negatively associated with graft survival compared with patients without DSAs, likely due to the higher incidence of restrictive CLAD. HLA non-DSAs and pre-transplant HLA antibodies had no effect on post-transplant outcome.

We demonstrated an important difference in prognosis between persistent and transient DSAs. Moreover, the observed association between DSAs and restrictive CLAD suggests an overlap between antibody-mediated rejection and restrictive CLAD that needs further investigation.
The effect of treatment for sleep apnoea on determinants of blood pressure control
Authors: Casitas Raquel , Martínez-Cerón Elisabet , Galera Raúl , Cubillos-Zapata Carolina , González-Villalba María Jesús , Fernández-Navarro Isabel , Sánchez Begoña , García-Sánchez Aldara , Zamarrón Ester , García-Río Francisco
Published: November 2017

Our aim was to assess the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the nocturnal evolution of peripheral chemosensitivity, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activity, sympathetic tone and endothelial biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients with isolated nocturnal hypertension (INH) or day–night sustained hypertension (D-NSH).

In a crossover randomised trial, 32 OSA patients newly diagnosed with hypertension and without antihypertensive treatment were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of CPAP or sham CPAP. Peripheral chemosensitivity was evaluated before and after sleep using the hypoxic withdrawal test (%ΔVI).

At baseline, D-NSH patients showed higher %ΔVIbefore sleep and higher levels of aldosterone and diurnal catecholamines. CPAP only reduced the nocturnal increase of %ΔVIin INH patients (6.9%, 95% CI 1.0–12.8%; p=0.026). CPAP-induced change from baseline in %ΔVIafter sleep was 7.5% (95% CI 2.6–12.2%, p=0.005) in the INH group and 5.7% (95% CI 2.2–9.3%, p=0.004) in the D-NSH group. In contrast, %ΔVIbefore sleep only decreased with CPAP in the D-NSH patients (3.0%, 95% CI 0.5–5.6%; p=0.023).

In conclusion, CPAP reduces the nocturnal increase of peripheral chemosensitivity experienced by INH patients and corrects the high daytime sensitivity of patients with D-NSH. Differences in response to CPAP between these patients can help better understand the mechanisms of perpetuation of hypertension in sleep apnoea.
MATERIALS HANDLING MANAGEMENT:A CASE STUDY
Authors: Borges Vieira Guilherme Bergmann , Pasa Giovana Savitri , Borsa Maria Beatriz Nunes do Oliveira , Milan Gabriel Sperandio , Pandolfo Alberto
Published: November 2017

The highly competitive environment, linked to the globalization phenomena, demands from companies more agility, better performance and the constant search for cost reduction. The present study focused on improvements in internal materials handling management, approaching the case of a large company in the automotive industry. Materials handling is intrinsically associated with production flow. Because of this, it has direct influence on transit time, resources usage, and service levels. The objective was to evaluate, in a systematic way, the impact of implemented changes in materials handling management on the internal customers' perceptions of cost, safety in service, service reliability, agility and overall satisfaction. A literature review preceded a case study in the company's manufacturing unit and the questionnaires were completed by 26 employees directly involved in the process. Analyzing the answers, it was possible to suggest that internal customers understood that the new materials handling management system enlarged service agility and reliability and reduced costs, which caused an improvement in overall satisfaction.
WORK ALLOCATION IN COMPLEX PRODUCTION PROCESSES: A METHODOLOGY FOR DECISION SUPPORT
Authors: De Mello Adriana Marotti , Marx Roberto , Zilbovicius Mauro
Published: November 2017

This article presents the development of a Methodology of Decision Support for Work Allocation in complex production processes. It is known that this decision is frequently taken empirically and that the methodologies available to support it are few and restricted in terms of its conceptual basis. The study of Times and Motion is one of these methodologies, but its applicability is restricted in cases of more complex production processes. The method presented here was developed as a result of a project coordinated by the authors, on demand by a large Brazilian petrochemical company. An Action Research based approach was used to develop the method, based on the generation of alternative scenarios offering different possibilities for work allocation. This paper aims to contribute to the literature on the theme, starting from a premise that it is necessary to develop a method that organizes information and, as much as possible, makes explicit the premises and the consequences that decisions on work allocation might cause.
Vaccination to improve pig health and performance
Authors: Gale Christina , Velazquez Eduardo , Holder Loretta
Published: November 2017

Vaccination is key for management and health plans on farm, so it is vital that it is completed correctly. Various types of vaccine are available, including live and killed, which ensure the correct protocol can be applied, resulting in effective cover being provided to all animals and thereby preventing disease. Vaccine storage is an important part of achieving this which is often overlooked, leading to vaccination failures. Recent developments in technology such as smart vaccinators will help to reduce errors made on farms and improve vaccination accuracy across the swine industry.
Porcine respiratory disease: investigation and prevention
Authors: Carr John , Howells Mark
Published: November 2017

Practising pig vets may well spend 70% of their clinical time investigating respiratory diseases in growing and finishing pigs. This short review attempts to cover the various pathogens that can affect the pig's respiratory tract. It explores methods of examination to help unravel the underlying causes of respiratory disease on farms. Biosecurity routines, which should be employed to protect a farm from novel pathogens entering pig units, are not considered.
‘Can't catch me’!
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: November 2017

Inspire children with the traditional story of The Gingerbread Man to make an annotated map, which plots his adventurous journey. You can also link to a baking session using a fail-safe recipe.
Art of glass
Authors: Williams Kate
Published: November 2017

Gather together a range of translucent materials and scraps for children to create their very own stained glass windows. Explore their colour, light and design potential as part of a festive celebration.
The unsuspected prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Jacobs A. M. E. , Bénard M. , Meis J. F. , van Hellemondt G. , Goosen J. H. M.
Published: November 2017

Aims

Positive cultures are not uncommon in cases of revision total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA and THA) for presumed aseptic causes. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of positive intra-operative cultures in presumed aseptic revision of TKA and THA, and to determine whether the presence of intra-operative positive cultures results in inferior survival in such cases.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective cohort study was assembled with 679 patients undergoing revision knee (340 cases) or hip arthroplasty (339 cases) for presumed aseptic causes. For all patients three or more separate intra-operative cultures were obtained. Patients were diagnosed with a previously unsuspected prosthetic joint infection (PJI) if two or more cultures were positive with the same organism. Records were reviewed for demographic details, pre-operative laboratory results and culture results. The primary outcome measure was infection-free implant survival at two years.

Results

The incidence of unsuspected PJI was 27 out of 340 (7.9%) in TKA and 41 out of 339 (12.1%) in THA. Following revision TKA, the rate of infection-free implant survival in patients with an unsuspected PJI was 88% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 60 to 97) at two years compared with 98% (95% CI 94 to 99) in patients without PJI (p = 0.001). After THA, the rate of survival was similar in those with unsuspected PJI (92% (95% CI 73 to 98) at two years) and those without (94% (95% CI 89 to 97), p = 0.31).

Conclusion

Following revision of TKA and THA for aseptic diagnoses, around 10% of cases were found to have positive cultures. In the knee, such cases had inferior infection-free survival at two years compared with those with negative cultures; there was no difference between the groups following THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1482–9.
Fixation and clinical outcome of uncemented peri-apatite-coatedversuscemented total knee arthroplasty
Authors: van Hamersveld K. T. , Marang-van de Mheen P. J. , Tsonaka R. , Valstar† E. R. , Toksvig-Larsen S.
Published: November 2017

Aims

The optimal method of tibial component fixation remains uncertain in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Hydroxyapatite coatings have been applied to improve bone ingrowth in uncemented designs, but may only coat the directly accessible surface. As peri-apatite (PA) is solution deposited, this may increase the coverage of the implant surface and thereby fixation. We assessed the tibial component fixation of uncemented PA-coated TKAs versus cemented TKAs.

Patients and Methods

Patients were randomised to PA-coated or cemented TKAs. In 60 patients (30 in each group), radiostereometric analysis of tibial component migration was evaluated as the primary outcome at baseline, three months post-operatively and at one, two and five years. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyse the repeated measurements.

Results

After five years of follow-up, one (cemented) component was revised due to ligament instability. Overall, uncemented PA-coated tibial components migrated significantly more (p = 0.003), with the mean maximum total point motion (MTPM) at five years being 0.62 mm (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.49 to 0.76) for cemented tibial components and 0.97 mm (95% CI 0.81 to 1.15) for PA-coated tibial components in TKA. However, between three months and five years the cemented TKAs migrated significantly more (p = 0.02), displaying a MTPM of 0.27 mm (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.36) versus 0.13 mm (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.25) for PA-coated tibial components. One implant in each group was considered at risk for aseptic loosening due to continuous migration after five years of follow-up, albeit with different migration patterns for each group (i.e. higher initial migration but diminishing over time for the PA-coated component versus gradually increasing migration for the cemented component).

Conclusion

The tibial components of PA-coated TKAs showed more overall migration compared with the tibial components of cemented TKAs. However, post hoc analysis showed that this difference was caused by higher migration of PA-coated components in the first three months, after which a stable migration pattern was observed. Clinically, there was no significant difference in outcome between the groups. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1467–76.
The Rim Cutter does not show an advantage over modern cementing techniques
Authors: vanWinterswijk P. J. T. S. , Whitehouse S. L. , Timperley A. J. , Hubble M. J. W. , Howell J. R. , Wilson M. J.
Published: November 2017

Aims

We report the incidence of radiolucent lines (RLLs) using two flanged acetabular components at total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the effect of the Rim Cutter.

Patients and Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 300 hips in 292 patients who underwent primary cemented THA. A contemporary flanged acetabular component was used with (group 1) and without (group 2) the use of the Rim Cutter and the Rimfit acetabular component was used with the Rim Cutter (group 3). RLLs and clinical outcomes were evaluated immediately post-operatively and at five years post-operatively.

Results

There was no significant difference in the incidence of RLLs on the immediate post-operative radiographs (p = 0.241) or at five years post-operatively (p = 0.463). RLLs were seen on the immediate post-operative radiograph in 2% of hips in group 1, in 5% in group 2 and in 7% in group 3. Five years post-operatively, there were RLLs in 42% of hips in group 1, 41% in group 2 and in 49% in group 3. In the vast majority of hips, in each group, the RLL was present in DeLee and Charnley zone 1 only (86%, 83%, 67% respectively). Oxford and Harris Hip scores improved significantly in all groups. There was no significant difference in these scores or in the change in scores between the groups, with follow-up.

Conclusion

Despite the Rim Cutter showing promising results in early laboratory and clinical studies, this analysis of the radiological and clinical outcome five years post-operatively does not show any advantage over and above modern cementing techniques in combination with a well performing cemented acetabular component. For this reason, we no longer use the Rim Cutter in routine primary THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1450–7.
Metaphyseal debonding of the Corail collarless cementless stem
Authors: Buttaro M. A. , Oñativia J. I. , Slullitel P. A. , Andreoli M. , Comba F. , Zanotti G. , Piccaluga F.
Published: November 2017

Aims

The Corail stem has good long-term results. After four years of using this stem, we have detected a small group of patients who have presented with symptomatic metaphyseal debonding. The aim of this study was to quantify the incidence of this complication, to delineate the characteristics of patients presenting with this complication and to compare these patients with asymptomatic controls to determine any important predisposing factors.

Patients and Methods

Of 855 Corail collarless cementless stems implanted for osteoarthritis, 18 presented with symptomatic metaphyseal debonding. A control group of 74 randomly selected patients was assembled. Clinical and radiological parameters were measured and a logistic regression model was created to evaluate factors associated with metaphyseal debonding.

Results

The prevalence of this complication was 2.1% in our series. In the multivariable model, the presence of a Dorr B-type proximal femur was associated with metaphyseal debonding (odds ratio (OR) 10.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.31 to 49.97, p = 0.002), as was a body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (OR 6.85, 95% CI 1.06 to 44.28, p = 0.04). Smaller stems and the use of a polyethylene acetabular liner appeared to be protective when compared with metal and ceramic setting hard-on-hard bearings.

Conclusion

We have described an uncommon but important mode of failure of the Corail stem. Surgeons should be aware of this phenomenon; overweight patients with Dorr B-type femurs and in whom hard bearings are used appear to be particularly at risk. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1435–41.
Evaluation of fever in the immediate post-operative period following shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Saltzman B. M. , Mayo B. C. , Bohl D. D. , Frank R. M. , Cole B. J. , Verma N. N. , Nicholson G. P. , Romeo A. A.
Published: November 2017

Aims

To determine the incidence and timing of post-operative fevers following shoulder arthroplasty and the resulting investigations performed.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of all patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty over a nine-year period. The charts of all patients with a post-operative fever (≥ 38.6°C) were reviewed and the results of all investigations were analysed.

Results

A total of 2167 cases (in 1911 patients) were included of whom 92 (4.2%) had a documented fever. Obese cases had a significantly greater risk for fever (relative risk 1.53; 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 2.32; p = 0.041). Investigations were performed in 43/92 cases (46.7%), with a diagnosis being made in six cases (6.6% of the total, two of whom had their diagnosis made post-discharge).

Conclusion

Around one in 25 cases develop a fever following shoulder arthroplasty; most have no infective aetiology. These patients may be being over-investigated; investigations should be performed in patients with persistent fever or on those with an identifiable source of infection on clinical examination. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1515–19.
Population-based contracting (population health)
Authors: Jacofsky D. J.
Published: November 2017

Modern healthcare contracting is shifting the responsibility for improving quality, enhancing community health and controlling the total cost of care for patient populations from payers to providers. Population-based contracting involves capitated risk taken across an entire population, such that any included services within the contract are paid for by the risk-bearing entity throughout the term of the agreement. Under such contracts, a risk-bearing entity, which may be a provider group, a hospital or another payer, administers the contract and assumes risk for contractually defined services. These contracts can be structured in various ways, from professional fee capitation to full global per member per month diagnosis-based risk. The entity contracting with the payer must have downstream network contracts to provide the care and facilities that it has agreed to provide. Population health is a very powerful model to reduce waste and costs. It requires a deep understanding of the nuances of such contracting and the appropriate infrastructure to manage both networks and risk.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1431–4.
Posterior malleolus fractures
Authors: Solan M. C. , Sakellariou A.
Published: November 2017

The posterior malleolus component of a fracture of the ankle is important, yet often overlooked. Pre-operative CT scans to identify and classify the pattern of the fracture are not used enough. Posterior malleolus fractures are not difficult to fix. After reduction and fixation of the posterior malleolus, the articular surface of the tibia is restored; the fibula is out to length; the syndesmosis is more stable and the patient can rehabilitate faster. There is therefore considerable merit in fixing most posterior malleolus fractures. An early post-operative CT scan to ensure that accurate reduction has been achieved should also be considered.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1413–19.
Vital Gluten for Particleboard Production: Effect of Wood-Particle Moisture on Board Properties
Authors: Trischler Johann , Dorn Michael , Sandberg Dick
Published: November 2017

Growing environmental awareness is leading to an increased interest in the use of biobased adhesives and proteins such as vital gluten. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the wood-particle moisture content, water application, and press time on the internal bond strength, thickness expansion, and thickness swelling of particleboards glued with vital gluten. Green and dried wood particles with similar moisture content were achieved through drying or water addition and were blended with vital gluten powder and pressed for 1 to 3 minutes. The results show that not only the pressing time and moisture content, but also the way of achieving the moisture content, has a strong impact on the performance of the boards. At comparable moisture content, never-dried (green) particles with high moisture content in combination with a dry adhesive application produced boards that performed better than boards made of dry particles with water addition to simulate liquid adhesive application.
Influence of Glue Line Thickness on the Strength of Joints Bonded with PVAc Adhesives
Authors: Bomba Jan , Šedivka Přemysl , Hýsek Štěpán , Fáber Jiří , Oberhofnerová Eliška
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of glue line thickness on joint strength properties while using two types of PVAc adhesive (i.e., one-component Rhenocell 3W, 4B Plus, resistivity class D3, and two-component Protovil VP244/2C, resistivity class D4) belonging to the group of thermoplastic adhesives intended for nonconstruction joints. Joint strength testing was carried out using the transverse tensile test for estimation of the joint strength method. It was proven that if specimens were conditioned for 7 days at 20°C ± 2°C and a relative air humidity of 65 ± 5 percent, when testing one-component Rhenocell 3W, 4B Plus (D3) adhesive, increasing thickness of the glue line results in falling strength of the bonded joint. When testing the two-component Protovil VP244/2C (D4) adhesive, increasing thickness of the glue line always results in increasing joint strength, even under conditions when water is directly affecting the joint or under increased temperatures.
Gender and sex differences in carers’ health, burden and work outcomes: Canadian carers of community-dwelling older people with multiple chronic conditions
Authors: Williams Allison , Wang Li , Duggleby Wendy , Markle-Reid Maureen , Ploeg Jenny
Published: November 2017

Using two waves of survey data on family carers caring for older adults with multiple chronic conditions in Ontario and Alberta, this article provides a sex and gender analysis of 194 carers’ health outcomes. Gender and sex differences were examined on the following health outcomes: general self-efficacy; physical and mental health composite scores; overall quality of life; and the Zarit Burden Inventory – as well as experiences with work interference for carer-employees. Multivariate ordinary least squares linear regressions were used to estimate the effects of sex and gender, controlling for the carer’s socio-demographic and geographic characteristics, as well as for the characteristics of the care recipients. Sex and gender were found to have differentiated effects on each health outcome examined, providing evidence for specifically targeting health interventions by sex and gender. First, sex matters, as illustrated by the fact that female carers were found to be experiencing more negative health impacts than male carers (shown in the physical composite score and the quality of life score). This suggests that health-related interventions need to be targeted at female carers. Further, male carers are more likely to experience less carer burden, and more work interference, than female carers. Second, gender matters, as illustrated by the fact that masculine and androgynous genders showed significantly positive associations with general self-efficacy. This suggests that carers with feminine and undifferentiated gender roles experience more challenges with general-self-efficacy and could benefit from training and educational interventions to enhance their confidence in the caring role.
Diversidade e serviço público de televisão no contexto regulatório português
Authors: Cádima Francisco Rui
Published: November 2017

Diversidade e pluralismo são hoje conceitos e práticas que devem ser particularmente protegidos no atual ecossistema mediático e digital, sob pena de, com a sua diluição, se estar a liquefazer a própria experiência democrática, abrindo-se assim mais facilmente o caminho aos populismos e totalitarismos. Estas ameaças estão agora a espreitar as fragilidades da experiência democrática europeia do pós-guerra, numa Europa profundamente debilitada num contexto de globalização perversa e de ausência de coesão e de mediação de solidariedades a que chegámos na União Europeia. Este texto procura fazer um ponto de situação relativamente à regulação dos conteúdos de media no caso português, procurando sistematizar em particular o modo como a questão da diversidade, no contexto do Serviço Público de Televisão (SPT), tem sido monitorizada em Portugal.
Serviço público e regiões: reflexões em torno da informação de âmbito regional
Authors: Ascensão Patrícia
Published: November 2017

A reflexão sobre o serviço público de rádio e de televisão insere-se num campo de discussão muito mais extenso e que se inter-relaciona com outros domínios e contextos da sociedade contemporânea. São vários os autores que consideram que o serviço público está em crise e que é crucial encontrar soluções que possam contrariar este cenário, fortemente influenciado pelas leis do mercado bem como pelas políticas definidas para o setor dos media, quer a nível nacional quer a nível europeu. Daí que seja de crucial importância continuar a investigar e a aprofundar o conhecimento sobre esta temática. O serviço público encerra em si responsabilidades sociais, assentes em princípios e valores que lhe são exigidos e que são o fundamento da sua essência e a sustentação da sua existência. A cobertura das diferentes regiões nacionais é uma das suas obrigações, especialmente num país que se caracteriza por acentuadas assimetrias regionais de ordem diversa e evidentes em quase todos os domínios da vida pública. Este artigo, que integra uma investigação mais abrangente e cujo principal objetivo é a caracterização da informação diária de âmbito regional difundida nos principais canais da televisão e rádio públicas nacionais, procura refletir sobre a relação que existe entre regiões e serviço público, bem como o papel deste último em matérias de diversidade, pluralismo e proximidade.
Diversidade cultural e media no contexto europeu: regulação, economia e discurso
Authors: Fernandes Joana , Lourenço Raquel
Published: November 2017

Como premissa para uma reflexão sobre os tópicos da diversidade e do pluralismo nos media, deve procurar entender-se, desde logo, que os sistemas culturais e mediáticos são veículos estruturantes das identidades sociais. Num segundo momento importa que este conhecimento assegure uma consciência pública destes fenómenos de forma a viabilizar as promessas reguladoras de uma cultura globalmente diversificada. O facto é que, devido às diferenças culturais, políticas e mediáticas de cada país, verifica-se ainda uma falta de regulamentação e estruturação de orientações que conduzam à diversidade cultural nos media. Neste texto procuramos estabelecer um estado da arte genérico neste âmbito, e identificar quadros regulatórios e conceptuais que possam contribuir para uma maior presença da diversidade e do pluralismo nos media.
Methods to Describe Referral Patterns in a Canadian Primary Care Electronic Medical Record Database: Modelling Multilevel Count Data
Authors: Ryan Bridget L , Shadd Joshua , Maddocks Heather , Stewart Moira , Thind Amardeep , Terry Amanda L
Published: November 2017

Background:  A referral from a family physician (FP) to a specialist is an inflection point in the patient journey, with potential implications for clinical outcomes and health policy. Primary care electronic medical record (EMR) databases offer opportunities to examine referral patterns. Until recently, software techniques were not available to model these kinds of multi-level count data. Objective:  To establish methodology for determining referral rates from FPs to medical specialists using the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) EMR database. Method: Retrospective cohort study, mixed effects and multi-level negative binomial regression modelling with 87,258 eligible patients between 2007 and 2012. Mean referrals compared by patient sex, age, chronic conditions, FP visits, and urban/rural practice location.  Proportion of variance in referral rates attributable to the patient and practice levels. Results:  On average, males had 0.26, and females 0.31 referrals in a 12-month period.  Referrals were significantly higher for females, increased with age, FP visits, and number of chronic conditions (p<.0001). Overall, 14% of the variance in referrals could be attributed to the practice level, and 86% to patient level characteristics. Conclusions:  Both patient and practice characteristics influenced referral patterns. The methodologic insights gained from this study have relevance to future studies on many research questions that utilize count data, both within primary care and broader health services research. The utility of the CPCSSN database will continue to increase in tandem with data quality improvements, providing a valuable resource to study Canadian referral patterns over time.
Aristotle and Augustine
Authors: Daylight Russell
Published: November 2017

The unification of the theory of semiotics has been an ambition of the IASS-AIS since the First World Congress in 1974. In his Preface to the Proceedings, Umberto Eco set the participants with certain fundamental tasks, including “providing the discipline with a unified methodology and a unified objective.” At the Second Congress, however, the multitude of topics and approaches led to the prevailing question of the Closing Session: “Can Semiotics Be Unified?” By the Fifth Congress the organizers would claim that theoretical differences “served to strengthen rather than to divide.” This paper traces the origin of this disunity to the writings of Aristotle and their interpretation by late classical and medieval theologians. Received wisdom tells us that linguistic semiology forms a part of general semiotics – the part dealing with either linguistic or conventional signs. This paper overturns that view, demonstrating that (linguistic) relations of equivalence and (semiotic) relations of implication operate in perpendicular planes of semiosis, intersecting at the point of the thing itself. These two planes of semiosis exist as unconnected theories in Aristotle, but become conflated in Augustine. This paper resolves the relationship between semiotics and semiology and in doing so, provides a unified methodology and objective.
Numerals in Lokono-Wayuunaiki: Reconstruction and implications for internal classification
Authors: de Carvalho Fernando O.
Published: November 2017

The goal of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the diachronic development of the Lokono-Wayuunaiki subgroup of the Arawak language family by focusing on a structured set of lexemes of recurrent interest for historical linguists. In this paper, I reconstruct the cardinal numerals from ‘one’ to ‘four’ in Proto-Lokono-Wayuunaiki (PLW). For each reconstructed etymon, I will discuss how regular sound change and attested morphological patterns support the reconstructed forms and the implied diachronic developments in the two daughter languages, Lokono and Wayuunaiki. On the basis of these reconstructions, I argue that the form for ‘three’ and the construction involved in the derivation of the form for ‘four’ constitute innovations shared only by Lokono and Wayuunaiki among Arawak languages, thus supporting the recognition of Lokono-Wayuunaiki as a legitimate subgroup of the Arawak family.
Linguistic homoplasy and phylogeny reconstruction. The cases of Lezgian and Tsezic languages (North Caucasus)
Authors: Kassian Alexei S.
Published: November 2017

This paper deals with the problem of linguistic homoplasy (parallel or backward development), how it can be detected, what kinds of linguistic homoplasy can be distinguished and which varieties of the phenomenon are the most deleterious for the reconstruction of language phylogeny. It is proposed that language phylogeny reconstruction should consist of two main stages. Firstly, a strict consensus tree should be built on the basis of high-quality input data elaborated with the help of the main phylogenetic methods (such as Neighbor-joining, Bayesian MCMC, and Maximum parsimony), and ancestral character states, allowing us to reveal a certain number of homoplastic characters. Secondly, after the detected instances of homoplasy are eliminated from the input matrix, the consensus tree is to be compiled again. It is expected that after homoplastic optimization it will be possible to better resolve individual “problem clades”, and generally the homoplasy-optimized phylogeny should be more robust than the tree constructed initially. The proposed procedure is tested on the 110-item Swadesh wordlists of the Lezgian and Tsezic groups. The Lezgian and Tsezic results generally support theoretical expectations. The MLN (minimal lateral network) method, currently implemented in the LingPy software, is a helpful tool for the detection of linguistic homoplasy.
Inheritance of Rounded Seed Shape in Sunflower
Authors: Soroka A. I. , Totsky I. V. , Lyakh V. A.
Published: November 2017

Two mutant inbred lines of sunflower, F