bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The earliest centres of pottery origin in the Russian Far East and Siberia: review of chronology for the oldest Neolithic cultures
Authors: Kuzmin Yaroslav V.
Published: July 2016

The earliest pottery from the Russian Far East, Osipovka and Gromatukha cultural complexes, was radiocarbon-dated to c. 13 300–12 300 BP. In Siberia, the earliest pottery is known from the Ust-Karenga complex, dated to c. 11 200–10 800 BP. The Osipovka and Gromatukha complexes belong to the Initial Neolithic, and they are contemporaneous with the earliest Neolithic cultures in southern China and Japan. In spite of the very early emergence of pottery in the Russian Far East, there is no evidence of agriculture at the beginning of the Neolithic, and subsistence remains based on hunting and fishing, including anadromous salmonids in the Amur River and its tributaries.
Book reviews
Authors: Budja Mihael , Mlekuž Dimitrij
Published: July 2016

Book reviews
Public health incident management: Logistical and operational aspects of the 2009 initial outbreak of H1N1 influenza in Mexico
Authors: Cruz, PhD Miguel A. , Hawk, MPA Nicole M. , Poulet, MS Christopher , Rovira, MS Jose , Rouse, MPA Edward N.
Published: July 2016

Hosting an international outbreak response team can pose a challenge to jurisdictions not familiar with incident management frameworks. Basic principles of team forming, organizing, and executing mission critical activities require simple and flexible communication that can be easily understood by the host country’s public health leadership and international support agencies. Familiarity with incident command system principles before a public health emergency could save time and effort during the initial phases of the response and aid in operationalizing and sustaining complex field activities throughout the response. The 2009 initial outbreak of H1N1 in Mexico highlighted the importance of adequately organizing and managing limited resources and expertise using incident management principles. This case study describes logistical and operational aspects of the response and highlights challenges faced during this response that may be relevant to the organization of public health responses and incidents requiring international assistance and cooperation.
Wireless communication and spectrum sharing for public safety in the United States
Authors: Kapucu, PhD Naim , Haupt, MEd Brittany , Yuksel, PhD Murat
Published: July 2016

With the vast number of fragmented, independent public safety wireless communication systems, the United States is encountering major challenges with enhancing interoperability and effectively managing costs while sharing limited availability of critical spectrum. The traditional hierarchical approach of emergency management does not always allow for needed flexibility and is not a mandate. A national system would reduce equipment needs, increase effectiveness, and enrich quality and coordination of response; however, it is dependent on integrating the commercial market. This article discusses components of an ideal national wireless public safety system consists along with key policies in regulating wireless communication and spectrum sharing for public safety and challenges for implementation.
The psychological impact of mass casualty incidents on first responders: A systematic review
Authors: Morgan, BA, MPS Paula M.
Published: July 2016

First responders are exposed to various types of disasters throughout their career. Because of their roles, they are often regarded as stronger people than individuals from other occupations. A systematic review of literature was conducted to determine if distinct characteristics exist that make first responders more susceptible to psychological trauma. Five categories of traits were found to put first responders at risk for psychological problems: personal, predisposing, peridisposing, postdisposing, and protective. To counteract the impact of psychological trauma, first responders need additional preincident psychological and resiliency training. Preparedness and awareness will help combat psychological impact from disasters and compassion fatigue.
The Dynamical Impact of Rossby Wave Breaking upon UK PM10 Concentration
Authors: Webber C. P. , Dacre H. F. , Collins W. J. , Masato G.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Coarse particulate matter (PM10) has long been understood to be hazardous to human health with mortality rates increasing as a result of raised ground level concentrations. We explore the influence of synoptic scale meteorology on observed PM10 concentration ([PM10]) using Rossby Wave Breaking (RWB). Meteorological re-analysis data for the winter months (DJF) between January 1999 and December 2008 and observed PM10 data for three urban background UK (Midland) sites, were analysed. Three RWB diagnostics were used to identify RWB that had significant influence on UK Midland PM10. RWB events were classified according to whether the RWB was cyclonic or anticyclonic in its direction of breaking and whether the RWB event was influenced more by poleward or equatorial air masses. We find that there is a strong link between RWB events and UK [PM10]. Significant increases (p
Introduction to the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) and overview of the reanalysis systems
Authors: Fujiwara Masatomo , Wright Jonathon S. , Manney Gloria L. , Gray Lesley J. , Anstey James , Birner Thomas , Davis Sean , Gerber Edwin P. , Harvey V. Lynn , Hegglin Michaela I. , Homeyer Cameron R. , Knox John A. , Krüger Kirstin , Lambert Alyn , Long Craig S. , Martineau Patrick , Monge-Sanz Beatriz M. , Santee Michelle L. , Tegtmeier Susann , Chabrillat Simon , Tan David G. H. , Jackson David R. , Polavarapu Saroja , Compo Gilbert P. , Dragani Rossana , Ebisuzaki Wesley , Harada Yayoi , Kobayashi Chiaki , McCarty Will , Onogi Kazutoshi , Pawson Steven , Simmons Adrian , Wargan Krzysztof , Whitaker Jeffrey S. , Zou Cheng-Zhi
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The climate research community uses atmospheric reanalysis data sets to understand a wide range of processes and variability in the atmosphere, yet different reanalyses may give very different results for the same diagnostics. The Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) is a coordinated activity to compare reanalysis data sets using a variety of key diagnostics. The objectives of this project are to identify differences among reanalyses and understand their underlying causes, to provide guidance on appropriate usage of various reanalysis products in scientific studies, particularly those of relevance to SPARC, and to contribute to future improvements in the reanalysis products by establishing collaborative links between reanalysis centres and data users. The project focuses predominantly on differences among reanalyses, although studies that include operational analyses and studies comparing reanalyses with observations are also included when appropriate. The emphasis is on diagnostics of the upper troposphere, stratosphere, and lower mesosphere. This overview paper for the S-RIP special issue summarizes the motivation and goals of the S-RIP activity, and reviews key technical aspects of the reanalysis data sets that are the focus of the S-RIP report.
Tropical tropospheric ozone columns from nadir retrievals of GOME-1/ERS-2, SCIAMACHY/Envisat, and GOME-2/MetOp-A (1996–2012)
Authors: Leventidou Elpida , Eichmann Kai-Uwe , Weber Mark , Burrows John P.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Tropical tropospheric ozone columns are retrieved with the convective cloud differential (CCD) technique using total ozone columns and cloud parameters from different European satellite instruments. Monthly-mean tropospheric column amounts [DU] are calculated by subtracting the above-cloud ozone column from the total column. A CCD algorithm (CCD_IUP) has been developed as part of the verification algorithm developed for TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on Sentinel 5-precursor (S5p) mission, which was applied to GOME/ERS-2 (1995–2003), SCIAMACHY/Envisat (2002–2012), and GOME-2/MetOp-A (2007–2012) measurements. Thus a unique long-term record of monthly-mean tropical tropospheric ozone columns (20° S–20° N) from 1996 to 2012 is now available. An uncertainty estimation has been performed, resulting in a tropospheric ozone column uncertainty less than 2 DU ( < 10 %) for all instruments. The dataset has not been yet harmonised into one consistent; however, comparison between the three separate datasets (GOME/SCIAMACHY/GOME-2) shows that GOME-2 overestimates the tropical tropospheric ozone columns by about 8 DU, while SCIAMACHY and GOME are in good agreement. Validation with Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) data shows that tropospheric ozone columns from the CCD_IUP technique and collocated integrated ozonesonde profiles from the surface up to 200 hPa are in good agreement with respect to range, interannual variations, and variances. Biases within ±5 DU and root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of less than 10 DU are found for all instruments. CCD comparisons using SCIAMACHY data with tropospheric ozone columns derived from limb/nadir matching have shown that the bias and RMS deviation are within the range of the CCD_IUP comparison with the ozonesondes. The 17-year dataset can be helpful for evaluating chemistry models and performing climate change studies.
Vegetative impacts upon bedload transport capacity and channel stability for differing alluvial planforms in the Yellow River source zone
Authors: Li Zhi Wei , Yu Guo An , Brierley Gary , Wang Zhao Yin
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The influence of vegetation upon bedload transport and channel morphodynamics is examined along a channel stability gradient ranging from meandering to anabranching to anabranching–braided to fully braided planform conditions along trunk and tributary reaches of the Upper Yellow River in western China. Although the regional geology and climate are relatively consistent across the study area, there is a distinct gradient in the presence and abundance of riparian vegetation for these reaches atop the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (elevations in the study area range from 2800 to 3400 m a.s.l.). To date, the influence of vegetative impacts upon channel planform and bedload transport capacity of alluvial reaches of the Upper Yellow River remains unclear because of a lack of hydrological and field data. In this region, the types and pattern of riparian vegetation vary with planform type as follows: trees exert the strongest influence in the anabranching reach, the meandering reach flows through meadow vegetation, the anabranching–braided reach has a grass, herb, and sparse shrub cover, and the braided reach has no riparian vegetation. A non-linear relation between vegetative cover on the valley floor and bedload transport capacity is evident, wherein bedload transport capacity is the highest for the anabranching reach, roughly followed by the anabranching–braided, braided, and meandering reaches. The relationship between the bedload transport capacity of a reach and sediment supply from upstream exerts a significant influence upon channel stability. Bedload transport capacity during the flood season (June–September) in the braided reach is much less than the rate of sediment supply, inducing bed aggradation and dynamic channel adjustments. Rates of channel adjustment are less pronounced for the anabranching–braided and anabranching reaches, while the meandering reach is relatively stable (i.e., this is a passive meandering reach).
Covert partial wh-movement and the nature of derivations
Authors: Kotek Hadas
Published: July 2016

Wh-movement is commonly thought to be caused by a syntactic probing operation, initiated by an interrogative probe on C, which triggers subsequent movement to the specifier of C. In this paper I argue that at least English covert wh-movement cannot be described in these terms. I argue instead that covert movement can target positions other than interrogative C, and that this movement is triggered by the interpretational needs of the wh-phrase itself, rather than the formal needs of interrogative C. Evidence will come from the interaction of English multiple wh-questions with intervention effects: I document a pattern of intervention effects that is explained only if English in-situ wh-phrases can be interpreted at LF in non-interrogative intermediate positions.
Examination of Turkish Junior High-School Students’ Perceptions of the General Problem-Solving Process
Authors: Ekici Didem Inel
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to determine Turkish junior high-school students’ perceptions of the general problem-solving process. The Turkish junior high-school students’ perceptions of the general problem-solving process were examined in relation to their gender, grade level, age and their grade point with regards to the science course identified in the study. The study included 604 junior high-school students who study at eight different schools. A perception scale about problem solving was used as the data collection tool. The study’s method was the survey model. The results from the data analysis revealed that Turkish junior high-school students had a positive perception of the general problem-solving process. It was seen that the perception of the students regarding their problem-solving skills was at a high level but that their willingness and determination regarding the problem-solving process was at a medium level. The results revealed that perceptions of the general problem-solving process of female students, students with a lower grade level, younger students and students who were more successful in the science course were significantly more positive than those of other students.
A Study on Tourists Perceived Authenticity towards Experience Quality and Behavior Intention of Cultural Heritage in Macao
Authors: Li Xi , Shen Huawen , Wen Huijun
Published: July 2016

This study is basically an explorative and explanatory research, with the overall purpose to identify, explore and analyze the tourists’ perceived authenticity of culture heritage. This study proposes to identify and evaluate the impact of authenticity by tourists’ perceptions of culture heritage on their experience quality and behavioral intention, from which implications for the sustainable development of culture heritage tourism can be derived. The results showed that perceived authenticity has a positive effect on experience quality. Furthermore, experience quality performed a significance function in behavioral intention, while the effect of perceived authenticity on behavioral intention is insignificant. These results imply that the importance of perceived authenticity on behavioral intentions is recognized via the mediating effects of experience quality.
Effects of Marketing Theories and Customer Relationship Management on Small Colleges
Authors: Martirano Melissa
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of marketing options on college selection, and of CRM tools on marketing efficiency. Five theories of marketing options and efficiency, including Customer Relationship Management, will undergird this study. The problem herein is that small colleges in particular must determine ways to market themselves, optimize use of technology, and increase enrollment in order to compete with other post-high school options. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of marketing options on college selection, and CRM tools on marketing efficiency, using selected theories of marketing options and efficiency as theoretical framework. This study will be conducted utilizing qualitative methodology; information-gathering tools used will be interviews and questionnaires. Data interpretation will be through thematic analysis influenced by elements of transcendental phenomenology. The participants will be approximately 20 currents and former administrators/faculty from small colleges (fewer than 1000 students) from schools in the Mid-Atlantic region, and approximately 400 students enrolled in those schools. The administrators will be interviewed; the students will answer questionnaires. All inquiries are drawn from research questions that reflect the problem, purpose and theoretical framework of this study.
Family Planning Program (KB) Implementation Policies on Regional Autonomy Era in Indonesia Case Study in Ngawi Regency of East Java-Indonesia
Authors: Aisyah Rr Herini Siti , Amartani Dewi , Djatmiati Tatiek Sri
Published: July 2016

Singer study conducted in Indonesia, the research carried out for 9 months by method qualitative approach and involve a variety of disciplines. Population problem not only problems but also a problem world. a population if not controlled also gatra will impact the state-gatra an lying for example issue of Food, Health and natural carrying capacity. Indonesia's population ranks fourth in the World, with KB Subscription Program during the last Authoritarian Government planning policy on the basis of power and strength, although considered successful. Results of research shows that hearts Its democratic political system (decentralization) are currently required prior to the review of community education pattern participatory with take advantage of all goodness government agencies, organizations and private and non-government. The political changes in Indonesia from authoritarianism Into democratic government formed a system of regional autonomy implementation of policies impacting on the issues population. on when democracy population policy implementation is not again mobilization but participation. With regional autonomy in Indonesia, central government policy is not necessarily carried out by the local government direct becaause become priority not necessarily in daerah.so role of community leaders and NGOs to review very improve society participation hearts Family Planning Program. In addition is the volunteers have the role of highly positioned mainly to review that-majority region is the rural social and economic on underclass.
Mejora del aprendizaje discriminativo en niños: consecuencias diferenciales y administración manual de diferentes formas de refuerzo
Authors: Estévez Angeles F. , Carmona Isabel , Esteban Laura , Plaza Victoria
Published: July 2016

In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that discriminative learning is facilitated when each association to be learned is always followed by a unique outcome. This way of providing outcomes was called the differential outcomes procedure (DOP). The aim of the study reported here was to assess  whether the DOP could improve learning of symbolic conditional discriminations in 5- and 7-year-old children when performing a paper-and-pencil task using different types of training in which: 1) reinforcers were given after correct choices (+), 2) reinforcers were withdrawn when errors were made (-), or 3) a combination of both (+/-). In Experiments 1a and 1b secondary reinforcers were used along with primary reinforcers, while in Experiments 2a and 2b only primary reinforcers were used. Participants showed better performance when differential outcomes were arranged regardless of the type of reinforcers (secondary plus primary or only primary) and the different strategies of reinforcement (+, -, or +/-). These results add to those found by Martínez et al. (2009, 2013) and demonstrate that the beneficial effect of the DOP on discriminative learning is also independent of the way in which the stimuli and the outcomes are presented, facilitating its use in applied contexts.
Eficacia de una intervención en psicología positiva combinada con terapia cognitivo conductual en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Marrero Rosario Josefa , Carballeira Mónica , Martín Sabrina , Mejías Miriam , Hernández Juan Andrés
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to design and implement a positive intervention combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy to enhance subjective and psychological well-being and other positive functioning constructs in a convenience sample. Participants analysed were 48 university students (mean age 22.25),25 assigned nonrandomized to intervention condition and 23 to no-treatment waiting-list control condition. All participants were assessed pre- and post-intervention to test the treatment program effectiveness. Repeated-measures ANCOVAs, controlling baseline differences between the two groups, indicated that the intervention group reported greater social support after the intervention period than the waiting-list control group. Within-group differences were found for happiness, self-acceptance, positive relations with others, optimism, and self-esteem in the intervention group; these differences did not appear in the waiting-list control group. These findings suggest the limited capacity of this intervention program for improving well-being through positive activities combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Future research should analyse what kind of activities could be more effective in promoting well-beingdepending on the characteristics of participants.
Modelo Integrador de Mindfulness (MIM): El cultivo de los estados mentales positivos hacia uno mismo y los demás a través del Mindfulness y la autocompasión
Authors: Rodríguez-Carvajal Raquel , García-Rubio Carlos , Paniagua David , García-Diex Gustavo , De Rivas Sara
Published: July 2016

There are more and more studies showing the effectiveness of Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) in well-being. However, there are few studies that explore the mechanisms underlying this effect. The aim of this study is to present and validate the Integrative Model of Mindfulness (MIM). MIM main hypothesis is that mindfulness practice leads to an increment in mindfulness trait, which leads to an increase of self-compassion, and these in turn, lead to increase positive mental states towards others and oneself. A MBI intensive three-week with non-randomized controlled group was designed. Participants (N = 87) were differentiated by meditation experience as well. The results show large effect sizes regarding the effect of MBI on mindfulness trait, self-compassion and positive mental states to oneself and to others. The data support the MIM, indicating that the practice of mindfulness meditation leads in a sequentially way to the cultivation of mindfulness and self-compassion, which subsequently appears to lead to the development of positive mental states towards others and oneself.
Hydrogeological map of Italy: the preliminary Sheet N. 348 Antrodoco (Central Italy)
Authors: Amanti Marco , Conte Giovanni , Martarelli Lucio , Monti Gennaro Maria , Motteran Guido , Scalise Anna Rosa , Serafini Roberto , Silvi Angelantonio
Published: July 2016

The Geological Survey of Italy, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research is realizing the Sheet N.348 Antrodoco (Central Italy) of the Hydrogeological map of Italy as a cartographical test of the Italian hydrogeological survey and mapping guidelines, in the frame of the Italian Geological Cartography Project. The study area is characterized by structural units deeply involved in the Apennine Orogeny (Latium and Abruzzi region territory, Rieti and L’Aquila provinces) and including deposits of marine carbonate shelf, slope, basin and foredeep environments hosting relatively large amounts of groundwater resources. The map was realized to obtain the best possible representation of all hydrogeological elements deriving from field surveys, in order to characterize the hydrogeological asset. A control network for monthly measurement of surface and groundwater flow rates and hydrogeochemical parameters was performed. Data were uploaded in a geographic information system to perform the present preliminary hydrogeological cartography consisting in a main map showing the following hydrogeological complexes based on relative permeability degree (from bottom to top): i) calcareous (Jurassic-Cretaceous; high permeability); ii) calcareous-marly (Upper Cretaceous-Middle Eocene; intermediate permeability); iii) marly-calcareous and marly (Upper Eocene- Upper Miocene; low permeability); iv) flysch (Upper Miocene; low permeability); v) conglomeratic-sandy and detritic (Upper Pliocene- Pleistocene; intermediate permeability); vi) alluvial (Quaternary; low permeability). Among other elements shown in the main map there are hydrographical basin and sub-basin boundaries, stream gauging stations, meteo-climatic stations, streamwater-groundwater exchange processes, hydrostructure boundaries, point and linear spring flow rates, groundwater flow directions. Furthermore, complementary smaller-scale sketches at the margin of the main map were realized (e.g., hydrogeological structure map, hydrogeological complex map based on effective infiltration information, hydrogeological crosssections).
Una lettura ‘bachtiniana’ dell’opera critica di Gao Xingjian 高行健
Authors: Gallo Simona
Published: July 2016

The polymorphous oeuvre of the artist Gao Xingjian 高行健 – born in China (1940), French citizen since 1998, now fully bilingual and bicultural – witnesses the devoted longing for a broader expressive richness in language, resulting from the elaboration of his primary linguistic and cultural awareness, and of another linguistic and cultural heritage, that has been consciously chosen and assimilated. This article examines one aspect of literary creation, that is the Sinophone critical oeuvre, through the essay Ziyou yu wenxue 〈自由與文學〉(2014). By observing the thematic and linguistic profiles we will discover that: firstly, there is a complementary plurality of languages, a tension towards a stratification of discourses and codes drawing from different – diatopically and diachronically speaking – linguistic and cultural systems, revealed by an intertextual and transcultural reading; secondly, in this essay characterized by heteroglossia – as a Bakhtinian concept (Bakhtin 1979) – the ontological clash arising from a plural linguistic and cultural awareness can often be solved by an intra-textual dialogic dimension.
Arguing the case: Committing pregnant substance abusers to compulsory care
Authors: Reitan Therese
Published: July 2016

Reitan, T. (2016). Arguing the case: Committing pregnant substance abusers to compulsory care. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 131-139. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.219Aims: To analyse how social services relate to compulsory care legislation in applications for compulsory care for substance abuse in cases involving pregnant women, given that such commitments cannot be made solely for the sake of the fetus/unborn child.Design: Applications for compulsory care to administrative courts involving pregnant women categorized according to how the pregnancy was presented or emphasized.Setting: Compulsory care for substance abuse in Sweden.Participants: 116 cases involving 107 individuals who were pregnant at the time of application for commitment to compulsory care between 2000 and 2009.Findings: In 43% of the cases the risks for both the woman and the fetus’/child’s health was emphasized. In 28% of the cases the applications were primarily for the sake of the fetus/child. In 17% of the cases the pregnancy was mentioned in a neutral manner, while in 8% of the cases the fact that the woman was abusing substances during pregnancy was presented as an indication of the severity of the problem.Conclusions: References were commonly made to the interests of the woman and the fetus/child as an entity, but social services also openly claimed the need for commitment primarily for the sake of the child. Arguments also mirrored the debate when legislation was first introduced; for example, that substance abuse during pregnancy is a clear indication of how serious the problem is, and how this situation may be hazardous to the woman’s mental health should she become the cause of severe and irrevocable harm to her child.
Halfway there – The evolution of local alcohol control in California. Part I: The system as it has developed
Authors: Wittman Friedner D.
Published: July 2016

Wittman, F. (2016). Halfway there – The evolution of local alcohol control in California. Part I: The system as it has developed. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 101-107. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.228Local control over retail alcohol sales in California cities provides substantial capacity to reduce and prevent alcohol-related harm. This paper shows how local control works in California to prevent harm at retail alcohol outlets. Prior to issuing a retail license to an outlet operator, the state Alcoholic Beverage Control Department (ABC) waits until the local jurisdiction (city or county) issues a land-use permit (also called a zoning permit or use permit). Localities have discretionary authority to impose preventive “conditions” on the use permit to protect public health and safety by imposing restrictions on setting design, operation, and hours of operation for the retail alcohol outlet. Within the state/local control system, city options include Level 1 permissive zoning (no restrictions), Level 2 problem-solving zoning (restrictions on new/expanded outlets), and Level 3 community oversight (restrictions on existing and new outlets). Since 1980 the scope of local control has progressed from nil (Level 1 permissive zoning) to Level 3 preventive surveillance for all outlets. Higher-level zoning requires local politics in which the ABC is not involved. A companion article (Wittman, 2016) describes the evolution of local control for retail alcohol availability in California’s local jurisdictions from 1980 to 2015.
Halfway there – The evolution of local alcohol control in California. Part II: Stages and factors in development, 1980-2015
Authors: Wittman Friedner D.
Published: July 2016

Wittman, F. (2016). Halfway there – The evolution of local alcohol control in California. Part II: Stages and factors in development, 1980-2015. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 109-116. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.235From 1980 to 2015 California cities have been increasing their capacity for preventive local control to reduce harms attributable to retail alcohol outlets. We describe a four-stage process that has evolved from reactive zoning to preventive zoning. Starting about 1980, communities turned to local zoning following the California Alcohol Beverage Control (ABC) Department’s struggles to stem growing problems with new types of rapidly proliferating outlets in rapidly-changing cities. (See Wittman [2016] for the function of local zoning in the California Alcoholic Beverage Control Department (ABC) system for licensing retail alcohol outlets). Community coalitions teamed with local public officials to reduce problems through “local control” ordinances based on conditional-use permits for retail alcohol outlets. Working in coordination with ABC licensing procedures, cities learned to use their zoning ordinances to draw effective boundaries for outlet location and type of setting, to limit outlet density, and to impose preventive restrictions on outlet design and operation. The California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs and the California alcohol policy advocacy community helped develop local control into a statewide movement. This paper reviews local control’s statewide progress to date and considers its prospects for future development to prevent harm in California cities. We conclude cities are about halfway to achieving harm-reduction benefits available from self-sustaining regulatory infrastructures grounded in participatory administration of local land-use law.
IgG4-Related Hashimoto's Thyroiditis of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Kang Sang Yull , Kim Yo Na , Kim Seon Kwang , Youn Hyun Jo , Jung Sung Hoo
Published: July 2016

Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a newly discovered subtype of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and characterized by thyroid inflammation and marked fibrosis. IgG4-related Hashimoto's thyroiditis is very rare and there has been relatively little information available to date. A 46-year-old woman with a past history of thyroid dysfunction visited our outpatient clinic for severe anterior neck swelling. She complained of swallowing discomfort and pain due to severe goiter and was successfully treated with total thyroidectomy. Immunohistochemistry showed thyroid invasion by IgG4-positive cells and an IgG4/IgG ratio over 40%. The patient was diagnosed with IgG4-related Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We report a very rare case of IgG4-related Hashimoto's thyroiditis with severe goiter. A more comprehensive understanding of the IgG4-related Hashimoto's thyroiditis may help physicians to allow proper diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe goiter.
Southernization of the Nation and Nationalization of the South: Racial Conservatism, Social Welfare and White Partisans in the United States, 1956–92
Authors: COWDEN JONATHAN A.
Published: July 2002

Many scholars and pundits believe that the 1964 presidential election between Barry Goldwater and Lyndon Johnson disrupted the New Deal order and ushered in a sixth party system anchored in part by race issues. But, curiously, the conventional wisdom has not fared well empirically. In this article, I employ disaggregated survey data and novel methodological tools to identify temporal patterns in the relationships between partisanship, New Deal issues and race issues. My conclusions are as follows: (1) the association between race issues and partisanship has switched signs in the South; (2) a racial axis of cleavage has opened up outside the South; (3) the New Deal issue axis has grown in the South; and (4) New Deal issues continue to cleave partisans outside the South.
Kuria Cattle Raiding: Capitalist Transformation, Commoditization, and Crime Formation Among an East African Agro-Pastoral People
Authors: Fleisher Michael L.
Published: July 2002

Among the agro-pastoral Kuria people, whose population straddles the border between Tanzania and Kenya, many young men are actively engaged in an illicit livestock trade in which cattle stolen in Tanzania—from other Kuria, as well as from neighboring peoples such as the Luo, Ngoreme, and Maasai—are sold to buyers, mainly butchers, inside Tanzania or else are run across the border for cash sale in neighboring Kenya. Kenya is a more affluent country than Tanzania—consequently, the demand for beef is greater there and beef prices are considerably higher. The beef and hides from these stolen Tanzanian cattle also fuel Kenya's meat-packing and tanning industries, and live animals as well as canned beef are reportedly also shipped to buyers in Scandinavian countries and the Persian Gulf.
ON NEAR-RING IDEMPOTENTS AND POLYNOMIALS ON DIRECT PRODUCTS OF Ω-GROUPS
Authors: Aichinger Erhard
Published: July 2002

Let $N$ be a zero-symmetric near-ring with identity, and let $\sGa$ be a faithful tame $N$-group. We characterize those ideals of $\sGa$ that are the range of some idempotent element of $N$. Using these idempotents, we show that the polynomials on the direct product of the finite $\sOm$-groups $V_1,V_2,\dots,V_n$ can be studied componentwise if and only if $\prod_{i=1}^nV_i$ has no skew congruences.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 16Y30. Secondary 08A40
COMPARISON OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN BARLEY-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN NORTHERN SYRIA
Authors: JONES M. J.
Published: July 2002

Yields of rainfed barley (Hordeum vulgare) for feed and forage in small-ruminant production systems in low-rainfall areas of North Africa and West Asia are limited by low and erratic water availability. Therefore, the testing of conservation farming techniques, effective in dryland systems elsewhere, is often suggested. Seven-year results from a typical site in northern Syria showed that zero-till (direct-drill) systems with cereal residue retention may marginally enhance soil moisture status, but the yield effect on barley, either monocropped or rotated with vetch (Vicia sativa), was small and non-significant. In the vetch–barley rotation, a small and fairly consistent benefit to vetch was observed, amounting to a 20% yield increase in vetch hay. Given smallholders' strong preference for barley and reluctance to grow vetch as an alternate crop, there is little in this result to encourage the promotion of zero-till conservation techniques in these farming systems.
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF ANIMAL-DRAWN IMPLEMENTS FOR MINIMUM TILLAGE: EXPERIENCE ON VERTISOLS IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Astatke A. , Jabbar M. , Mohamed Saleem M. A. , Erkossa T.
Published: July 2002

Land degradation is one of the major problems related to low productivity in Ethiopia. Vertisols are potential agricultural lands but are underutilized due to waterlogging during the rainy season and are prone to soil erosion due to the traditional practices of planting crops at the end of the rainy season exposing bare land to heavy rains. An animal-drawn implement, the broadbed maker (BBM), was tested to facilitate drainage of the Vertisols. Improved drainage enables earlier planting of crops to use the resultant prolonged growing period for attaining higher yields. In order to further improve the BBM package, the frame of the BBM was used for attachment of other implements to minimize tillage practices and reduce seed and fertilizer rates, labour and animal power requirements and soil erosion. The attachments were tested both on-station and on-farm with positive results.
STIMULATION OF TOP AND ROOT GROWTH OF LEUCAENA WITH FARM MANURE IN THE MID-ALTITUDE AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONE OF NORTH-WEST CAMEROON
Authors: YAMOAH C. F. , NGUEGUIM M. , NGONG C.
Published: July 2002

Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) is most preferred by development workers for agroforestry in the mid-altitude (600–1600 m) agro-ecological zone of North-West Cameroon because its seeds are common and inexpensive. This study was prompted by farmers' reluctance to accept leucaena for agroforestry because its early growth is poor on acid infertile soils prevalent in the area. Leucaena was planted using four-month-old potted plants and, from four months after planting, the shrub was cut five times in 20 months at 120 day intervals. Manuring improved leucaena's growth and biomass at sites with acid and non-acid soil alike. Total biomass responded linearly (R2=0.97) to manure rates at the acid and infertile site and curvilinearly (R2=0.95) at the non-acid site. Total leafy biomass from the first cut and subsequent prunings was highest at 12 months after planting. Manuring increased rooting depth and this contributed to the plant's observed ability to cope with moisture stress during the dry season. The economics of manure use for tree establishment on acid infertile soils for agroforestry systems needs further study.
Periodic polymorphisms with density-dependent selection
Authors: van COLLER LYNN , NAMKOONG GENE
Published: July 2002

It is known that genetic polymorphisms can be maintained in

populations without superiority of

the heterozygote subject to constant but non-linear selection through periodic

and higher-order

behaviour. In this paper we explore evolutionary paths from single equilibria

to higher-order

attractors and the existence of polymorphisms that do not arise from

equilibria. We explore

whether there is a continuous range of allelic types that can create such

polymorphisms. We use a

single-locus genetic model with exponential density-dependent fitness

functions and show that there

are large parameter ranges in regions of both overdominance and partial
dominance

where polymorphic attractors exist.
Fault-fin landscape
Authors: DAVIS GEORGE H.
Published: July 2002

The expression ‘fault-fin landscape’ is proposed for
topography
marked by sets of blade-like fins and walls of rock, controlled
by deformation band shear zones, which project metres above
upland surfaces of porous sandstone. Dramatic examples occur
along monoclines of Navajo Sandstone in the Colorado Plateau
region of southern Utah, USA. The fins express differential rates
of erosion of porous (20–25%) host sandstone relative to deformation

band shear zones (<1% to 5% porosity), which are
made highly resistant by collapse of porosity, cataclasis of
quartz grains, and silica precipitation.
VISIONS AND REVISIONS: HISTORIES OF THE MARGINS
Authors: PENN HILDEN PATRICIA
Published: July 2002

Negotiators of change. Historical perspectives on native

American women. By Nancy Shoemaker.

New York: Routledge, 1995. Pp. 1 + 236. £13.99

Deadly medicine. Indians and alcohol in early America.

By P. C. Mancall. Ithaca: Cornell

University Press, 1995. Pp. viii + 268. $29.95

The American Revolution in Indian country. By C. G. Calloway.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. vii + 327. £40.00

Women's work, men's work. The informal slave economies

of lowcountry Georgia. By Betty

Wood. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1995. Pp. ix + 247.
$45.00

Power and everyday life. The lives of working women in nineteenth-century

Brazil. By Maria O.

Silva Dias. Oxford: Polity Press, 1995. Pp. v + 221. £12.95
THE BLACK CHAMBER IN THE DUTCH
REPUBLIC DURING THE WAR OF THE
SPANISH SUCCESSION AND ITS
AFTERMATH, 1707–1715
Authors: DE LEEUW KARL
Published: July 2002

This article reveals the existence of a hitherto unknown Black
Chamber in the Dutch
Republic and the identity of its principal codebreaker, Abel Tasien d'Alonne
(1646–1723), acting also
as private secretary to Grand Pensionary Heinsius. On the basis of an analysis
of a number of
previously unidentified worksheets, three cases are put together that merited
d'Alonne's attention, one
related to a French diplomat at the court of the Bavarian Elector during
the years 1707–9, one related
to an undercover agent of the Bavarian Elector in the Dutch Republic during
the years 1711–12 and
one related to a French emissary to the state council in Brussels during
the period 1714–15. The
emergence of a Black Chamber in The Hague is remarkable because the Dutch
could always call upon
the Black Chamber of Hanover for the solution of any intercepted, coded
documents. This indicates
that the development of inter-allied relations during the war played a
more important role in the rise
of the Dutch Black Chamber than one would expect.
THE MAKING OF THE PENITENTIARY
ACT, 1775–1779
Authors: DEVEREAUX SIMON
Published: July 2002

This article examines the series of legislative measures, beginning in 1776, which
culminated in the passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779. It argues that, although the Penitentiary
Act is of considerable long-term significance in the history of English criminal justice and penal
practices, the act passed in 1779 was in fact a somewhat modest affair by comparison with the scheme
originally envisioned by its principal architects. The act embodied a decisive retreat from an original
ambition to replace transportation with imprisonment at hard labour as the principal punishment next
to death in late eighteenth-century England. This modification arose from a pragmatic appreciation
of the limitations imposed, first, by a persistent preference amongst most legislators for transportation
of the worst classes of offenders not actually put to death and, secondly, by the reluctance of local
authorities to have such a preference imposed upon them to the detriment of local control of punishment
and of the finances which paid for it. Attention is also drawn to how the course of events was shaped
by the interaction of the act's main architects, William Eden and Sir William Blackstone, with both
government and non-ministerial MPs such as Sir Charles Bunbury.
DUBLIN FENIANISM IN THE 1880s: ‘THE IRISH CULTURE OF THE FUTURE’?
Authors: KELLY MATTHEW
Published: July 2002

This article examines the activities of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) in
Dublin during the 1880s. It explores the organization's weakness and the attempts of elements within
the IRB to rejuvenate the tradition through the nurturing of a Fenian-inspired cultural nationalism.
Much of the focus falls upon the Young Ireland Society (YIS), which came under IRB control in
1883, prior to the Fenian takeover of the Gaelic Athletic Association. With the growing prominence
of the YIS, the home rule establishment attempted to bring the organization within its sphere of
influence. For Parnellite MPs, especially those with latent Fenian sympathies, such as William
O'Brien, the public meetings of the YIS provided a substantial Dublin forum. After 1885 the YIS
increasingly came under the control of the Fenians and fellow-travellers led by John O'Leary who
favoured coexistence with the constitutionalists. This split the society between those loyal to the
traditional precepts of an oath-bound revolutionary organization and those who recognized that Fenian
ideals, reconceived, retained much potency.
THE ‘NORTHERN GENTLEMEN’, THE
PARLIAMENTARY INDEPENDENTS,
AND ANGLO-SCOTTISH RELATIONS IN
THE LONG PARLIAMENT
Authors: SCOTT DAVID
Published: July 2002

Although sometimes seen as a bastion of royalism, the northern counties supplied some
of the most militant members of the Long Parliament. Northern MPs and peers figured prominently
in the war party, played a key role in negotiating the Solemn League and Covenant, and comprised an
important element within the anti-Scots, pro-New Model Army faction at Westminster. Anglo-
Scottish relations in the Civil War period were intimately linked with the parliamentary history of the
northern counties during the 1640s. This article examines the development and structure of the
northern interest in the Long Parliament, and in particular its collaboration with the parliamentary
Independents. Analysis of the drafting of the Newcastle peace propositions and of the Commons' efforts
to reduce the size of the Covenanting forces indicates that the Independents relied heavily on evidence
of abuses committed by the Scottish army in the northern counties to advance their own programme for
settlement and to frustrate that of the Scots and their English allies. It is also argued that the
Independents' exploitation of the northern reaction against the Scots had a profound impact upon the
relations between all three Stuart monarchies.
DOMESTIC STATE VIOLENCE: REPRESSION FROM THE CROQUANTS
TO THE COMMUNE
Authors: BROWN HOWARD G.
Published: July 2002

Putting down a revolt always risks seeing the legitimate use of force degenerate into an
excessive and discredited repression, here called domestic state violence. Sergio Cotta's analytical model
of the difference between force and violence helps to reveal the significance of various cycles of revolt
and repression over three centuries of French history. Oscillations between measured coercive force and
domestic state violence divide these three centuries into six stages: early absolutist (1594–1639),
Louisquatorzian (1640–75), themistocratic (1675–1789), revolutionary (1792–5), late republican
(1797–1802), and liberal authoritarian (1802–71). Continuities existed across all of these stages,
such as the recourse to regular troops and summary justice; however, periods of rapid socio-political
realignment caused the use of force to become domestic state violence. In order to overcome the alienation
this produced, the state created new means of restricting its use of force while still protecting the new
social order. The years 1797–1802 constituted the pivotal phase of this process because this was when
so many methods of repression developed during the era between early absolutism and the Terror were
revived, only now wrapped in the restraints of legal-rational authority. The resulting ‘liberal
authoritarianism’ persisted until the 1880s without substantial changes other than growth in the sheer
magnitude of repression.