bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Potassium Measurements with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Low-Energy Lasers: Application to In Situ K–Ar Geochronology for Planetary Exploration
Authors: Cho Yuichiro , Horiuchi Misa , Shibasaki Kazuo , Kameda Shingo , Sugita Seiji
Published: April 2017

In situ radiogenic isotope measurements to obtain the absolute age of geologic events on planets are of great scientific value. In particular, K–Ar isochrons are useful because of their relatively high technical readiness and high accuracy. Because this isochron method involves spot-by-spot K measurements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and simultaneous Ar measurements with mass spectrometry, LIBS measurements are conducted under a high vacuum condition in which emission intensity decreases significantly. Furthermore, using a laser power used in previous planetary missions is preferable to examine the technical feasibility of this approach. However, there have been few LIBS measurements for K under such conditions. In this study, we measured K contents in rock samples using 30 mJ and 15 mJ energy lasers under a vacuum condition (10–3 Pa) to assess the feasibility of in situ K–Ar dating with lasers comparable to those used in NASA’s Curiosity and Mars 2020 missions. We obtained various calibration curves for K using internal normalization with the oxygen line at 777 nm and continuum emission from the laser-induced plasma. Experimental results indicate that when K2O < 1.1 wt%, a calibration curve using the intensity of the K emission line at 769 nm normalized with that of the oxygen line yields the best results for the 30 mJ laser energy, with a detection limit of 88 ppm and 20% of error at 2400 ppm of K2O. Futhermore, the calibration curve based on the K 769 nm line intensity normalized with continuum emission yielded the best result for the 15 mJ laser, giving a detection limit of 140 ppm and 20% error at 3400 ppm K2O. Error assessments using obtained calibration models indicate that a 4 Ga rock with 3000 ppm K2O would be measured with 8% (30 mJ) and 10% (15 mJ) of precision in age when combined with mass spectrometry of 40Ar with 10% of uncertainty. These results strongly suggest that high precision in situ isochron K–Ar dating is feasible with a laser used in previous and upcoming Mars rover missions.
A Correction Method for Attenuated Total Reflection–Far Ultraviolet Spectra Via the Use of Charge Transfer to Solvent Band Intensities of Iodide in the Ultraviolet Region
Authors: Ikehata Akifumi , Goto Takeyoshi , Morisawa Yusuke
Published: April 2017

Attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectra, which are often used in IR analysis, can be transformed into extinction and refraction spectra by Kramers–Kronig transformation (KKT) with Fresnel equations. However, it is often difficult to obtain correct optical indices due to the inherent instrumental functions. This paper proposes a simple practical method for correction of KKT with two parameters, which include all the effects of the instrumental function. In order to obtain the parameters of the instrumental function, absorption ratios of charge transfer to solvent (CTTS) transitions of aqueous iodide ions observed at 195 nm and 230 nm were used as a standard. The absorption indices calculated from the ATR spectra with the parameters correspond reasonably well to those given by the transmittance spectra not only in the UV region but also in the far-ultraviolet (FUV, 120–200 nm) region. By applying the corrected KKT to the ATR-FUV spectra of aqueous potassium halide solutions in the range of 0–2 M, correct features of the absorption spectra of KCl and KBr, whose CTTS bands are thought to be observed in FUV region, were confirmed. It is possible to use the parameters representing the instrument function as long as the instrument is not changed.
The Hero’s Journey: A Mudmap for Change
Authors: Williams Clive
Published: April 2017

This article proposes that the Hero’s Journey provides a comprehensive mudmap for those either seeking or forced to change. Clients present to therapy when significant life problems occur. The Hero’s Journey is a detailed map of change with its three phases which inform the client of where they are in the change process, what to expect, and what is required of them to progress their story and resolve their life problem. The Hero’s Journey is emphatic in that addressing significant problems, personal change is a necessity. This article details Campbell’s three phases of the Hero’s Journey and identifies how a client can use this mudmap to navigate the trials and challenges of the change process. The Hero’s Journey informs clients that in addressing their significant life problem, new polar-opposite skills will be required. Such polar-opposite skills can only be learned through facing a series of increasingly more difficult trails. The Hero’s Journey also informs client-heroes that with trials, they will also experience rewards, such as increased connection and more their authentic self. As Campbell noted, the essential nature of the Hero’s Journey is the adventure of problem solving but only through personal transformation.
Estimating Moderated Causal Effects with Time-varying Treatments and Time-varying Moderators: Structural Nested Mean Models and Regression with Residuals
Authors: Wodtke Geoffrey T. , Almirall Daniel
Published: April 2017

Individuals differ in how they respond to a particular treatment or exposure, and social scientists are often interested in understanding how treatment effects are moderated by observed characteristics of individuals. Effect moderation occurs when individual covariates dampen or amplify the effect of some exposure. This article focuses on estimating moderated causal effects in longitudinal settings in which both the treatment and effect moderator vary over time. Effect moderation is typically examined using covariate by treatment interactions in regression analyses, but in the longitudinal setting, this approach may be problematic because time-varying moderators of future treatment may be affected by prior treatment—for example, moderators may also be mediators—and naively conditioning on an outcome of treatment in a conventional regression model can lead to bias. This article introduces to sociology moderated intermediate causal effects and the structural nested mean model for analyzing effect moderation in the longitudinal setting. It discusses problems with conventional regression and presents a new approach to estimation (regression with residuals) that avoids these problems. The method is illustrated using longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine whether the effects of time-varying exposures to poor neighborhoods on the risk for adolescent childbearing are moderated by time-varying family income.
Students’ possible selves and achievement goals: Examining personal and situational influences in Thailand
Authors: Koul Ravinder , Sosik John J. , Lerdpornkulrat Thanita
Published: April 2017

This survey study conducted in vocational and academic secondary schools investigated the association of 1,060 Thai students’ self-reports of mastery, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goal orientations with the salience and content of their hoped-for possible selves reflecting existence, relatedness, and growth needs. Results of mixed-design MANCOVA indicated mastery orientation to be higher for students identifying possible selves reflecting growth or relatedness needs than existence needs as most salient, and performance-approach orientation to be higher for students identifying possible selves reflecting existence rather than growth needs as most salient. Also, school type interacted with students’ most salient possible selves reflecting existence, relatedness, or growth needs to relate to their achievement goal orientations. The results are discussed in terms of the classic person versus situation approach to the study of achievement goals in schools, and their implications for classroom and school administration.
Stronger Together? The USW-Mondragon Union Co-op Model
Authors: Schlachter Laura Hanson
Published: April 2017

In 2009, United Steelworkers (USW) and Mondragon signed an agreement to promote union co-ops: firms that combine democratic worker ownership and union membership. Eleven U.S. initiatives now seek to implement the USW-Mondragon union co-op model, prompting a debate about whether unions and worker cooperatives are stronger together. This article draws on a case study of the first such initiative in Cincinnati, Ohio, to put claims about the model in dialogue with aspirations and experiences of people on the ground. I synthesize six possibilities and dilemmas of union involvement in worker cooperative formation and argue that these considerations should structure the future debate.
Caste Hierarchies and Social Tensions in Cuttack: 1920–30
Authors: Rout Subrat K.
Published: April 2017

The emergence of caste as a key category of classification, enumeration and control under colonial rule has created a refectory taxonomy of administrative categories through officially enforced labelling activities. The census categories made an opportunity to occupy institutional space and promoted identification with caste and stimulated lower caste people, such as the Bauri community, for their rights and representations. The stigma associated with the native agencies, such as Chamars, Pig Herds (Ghusuria) and others in the Hindu stratification, was challenged by the anti-colonial nationalist, who re-signified them as sites of cultural authenticity and collective sovereignty. The government’s passion for labels and pigeonhole, which led to crystallisation of caste system, could hardly tame intractability or ‘vagueness’ of social category in the middle rung and spurred a series of negotiations and contestations among the caste groups across the Hindu hierarchical spectrum. As against, it transfigured in the colonial modernity’s endeavour to grapple with tensions between the universal and particular, normative and stigmatised subjects leading to caste radicalism’s re-exegesis of Hindu religious tradition to produce an original ( Adidharma) view of social stratification and the post-colonial state reinforcing it by a rational legal regime opposed to the idea of civic inequality.
Patient Safety and Quality Improvement in Otolaryngology Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gettelfinger John D. , Paulk P. Barrett , Schmalbach Cecelia E.
Published: April 2017

Objective

The breadth and depth of patient safety/quality improvement (PS/QI) research dedicated to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) education remains unknown. This systematic review aims to define this scope and to identify knowledge gaps as well as potential areas of future study to improved PS/QI education and training in OHNS.

Data Sources

A computerized Ovid/Medline database search was conducted (January 1, 1965, to May 15, 2015). Similar computerized searches were conducted using Cochrane Database, PubMed, and Google Scholar.

Review Methods

The study protocol was developed a priori using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). Articles were classified by year, subspecialty, Institute of Medicine (IOM) Crossing the Chasm categories, and World Health Organization (WHO) subclass.

Results

Computerized searches yielded 8743 eligible articles, 267 (3.4%) of which met otolaryngology PS/QI inclusion criteria; 51 (19%) were dedicated to resident/fellow education and training. Simulation studies (39%) and performance/competency evaluation (23.5%) were the most common focus. Most projects involved general otolaryngology (47%), rhinology (18%), and otology (16%). Classification by the IOM included effective care (45%), safety/effective care (41%), and effective and efficient care (7.8%). Most research fell into the WHO category of “identifying solutions” (61%).

Conclusion

Nineteen percent of OHNS PS/QI articles are dedicated to education, the majority of which are simulation and focus on effective care. Knowledges gaps for future research include facial plastics PS/QI and the WHO category of “studies translating evidence into safer care.”
Individual Differences in Irony Use Depend on Context
Authors: Akimoto Yoritaka , Miyazawa Shiho
Published: April 2017

We investigated individual differences in irony use depending on context. In Study 1, we manipulated contextual factors, including the speaker’s emotion and the listener’s emotion, and assessed the likelihood of irony use. In Study 2, we manipulated the relationship between the speaker and the listener and assessed the rate of irony use with free description. Correlations between participants’ responses to various measures of personality traits and differences in irony use between conditions and mean irony use across conditions were examined. Regulation of interpersonal relationships and preference for supportive humor predicted the differences in irony use between conditions, whereas expressive suppression, self-control, and preference for playful humor predicted irony use regardless of condition. These results confirmed our hypothesis that the speaker’s social abilities about management of interpersonal relationship and tendency toward emotion regulation were associated with individual differences in irony use depending on context and in general, respectively.
Some problems of characterization of a solid surface via the surface free energy changes
Authors: Chibowski Emil
Published: April 2017

During the processes occurring at a solid surface, the changes in the surface free energy take place. The knowledge about surface free energy is very helpful for understanding the processes taking place on the surface. However, experimental determination of solid surface free energy is still not a fully solved problem. In this paper, some problems dealing with calculation of solid surface free energy from contact angle are discussed based on literature values of advancing and receding contact angles measured on four different fluoropolymers surface. The four approaches most often used for the calculation are described and especial focus on the approach in which both the advancing and receding contact angles is paid. It is concluded that using probing liquids the absolute value of solid surface free energy cannot be determined. However, the determined apparent values of the energy are very helpful to understand the conditions necessary for a given process to occur.
Solid phase extraction of explosives on Ni-doped carbosils prepared by mechanochemistry
Authors: Tomaszewski W , Charmas B , Skubiszewska-Zięba J
Published: April 2017

The article presents the application of two sets of Ni-doped carbosils in the solid phase extraction of explosives. The adsorbents were prepared by two different methods. The first set of carbosils was obtained by mechanochemical deposition of potato starch and nickel salt on the surface of silica gel, and subsequent carbonization. The second set of carbosils was obtained from the same precursors and under quite similar conditions, i.e. with the exception of mechanochemical deposition of potato starch replaced by the gelation step. The prepared adsorbents were applied in solid phase extraction of explosive nitrate esters, and nitroaromatics from aqueous solutions. The adsorption and desorption steps were evaluated separately. It was found that textural properties, influenced by carbon deposit and nickel content, have a large impact on the solid phase extraction results. The recovery rates obtained onto carbosils prepared by mechanochemical method are approximately thrice as high as those observed for carbosils prepared by gelation method. It was shown that the composites with moderate nickel content can be used as effective materials for extraction both of aliphatic and aromatic explosives.
Smoking addiction: the shift from head to hands: Approach bias towards smoking-related cues in low-dependent versus dependent smokers
Authors: Detandt Sandrine , Bazan Ariane , Quertemont Etienne , Verbanck Paul
Published: April 2017

The dual process theory is central to several models of addiction, implying both an increase of stimulus salience and deficits in inhibitory control. Our major aim is to provide behavioral evidence for an approach bias tendency in smokers and more specifically during smoking cue exposure. The second aim is to examine whether this bias differs in low-dependent versus dependent smokers.

Thirty-two smokers (17 low dependent and 15 dependent; cut-off FTND of 4) and 28 non-smokers performed a modified Go/NoGo task using tobacco-related words and neutral words as stimuli.

Smokers generally made more mistakes and tended to be faster for smoking-related cues specifically. Low dependents acknowledged more their dependency in declarative questionnaires while making more errors and being slower specifically on smoking cues; dependent smokers were less prone to indicate their addiction, but were faster and accurate when it came to picking the smoking cues.

These results suggest that a shift has operated from a mental preoccupation with smoking in the low-dependent group, to smoking as a motor habit in our dependent group. This finding invites experts to rethink smoking addiction in the light of this crucial moment, namely, the shift “from head to hands”.
Subtotal resection of vestibular schwannoma: Evaluation with Ki-67 measurement, magnetic resonance imaging, and long-term observation
Authors: Iannella Giannicola , de Vincentiis Marco , Di Gioia Cira , Carletti Raffaella , Pasquariello Benedetta , Manno Alessandra , Angeletti Diletta , Savastano Ersilia , Magliulo Giuseppe
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative clinical and radiological data of patients with vestibular schwannomas who were initially managed by near total resection (NTR) or subtotal resection (STR). The Ki-67 analysis results were compared with tumor regrowth to determine the presence of a correlation between this proliferative index and postoperative tumor regrowth.

Study Design

Seventeen adult patients (7 male, 10 female) were retrospectively reviewed. Nine (52.9%) and eight (47.1%) patients underwent NTR and STR, respectively. Postoperative clinical and radiological data associated with vestibular schwannoma growth were compared with the Ki-67 immunohistochemical analysis results.

Results

Evidence of clinically significant regrowth was observed in four (23.5%) patients. Patients who underwent NTR had a lower rate/incidence of tumor regrowth than did patients who underwent STR. Patients with a higher Ki-67 index had the highest tumor regrowth rates.

Conclusions

Our study indicates that assessment of the Ki-67 index may be useful for determining the probability of regrowth of vestibular schwannomas when only partial removal is accomplished.
H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus Infection in a Dog
Authors: Watson C. E. , Bell C. , Toohey-Kurth K.
Published: April 2017

In 2015, H3N2 canine influenza emerged in dogs in the greater Chicago area. During this time, a 10-year-old German Shepherd dog presented to the referring veterinarian with lethargy and coughing that quickly progressed to death. This report describes the macroscopic and microscopic lesions and the molecular testing performed to identify the novel North American H3N2 strain of canine influenza. The larynx, pharynx, and trachea were covered by a fibrinonecrotic membrane. Bilaterally, the lungs had multifocal subpleural necrosis of the caudal lung lobes with hemorrhage, congestion, and pulmonary edema. Staphylococcus pseudointermedius was isolated from the lung. Mycoplasma cynos was identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction from nasal passages, oropharynx, larynx, trachea, and cranial lung lobes. The neuraminidase gene sequence from the influenza virus isolated obtained from this dog had ≥98% homology to the strain circulating in the Chicago area.
Glomerular Lesions in Proteinuric Miniature Schnauzer Dogs
Authors: Furrow E. , Lees G. E. , Brown C. A. , Cianciolo R. E.
Published: April 2017

Miniature Schnauzer dogs are predisposed to idiopathic hypertriglyerceridemia, which increases risk for diseases such as pancreatitis and gallbladder mucocele. Recently, elevated triglyceride concentrations have been associated with proteinuria in this breed, although it is difficult to determine which abnormality is primary. Retrospective review of renal tissue from 27 proteinuric Miniature Schnauzers revealed that 20 dogs had ultrastructural evidence of osmophilic globules consistent with lipid in glomerular tufts. Seven of these dogs had lipid thromboemboli in glomerular capillary loops that distorted their shape and compressed circulating erythrocytes. Triglyceride concentrations were reported in 6 of these 7 dogs, and all were hypertriglyceridemic. In addition, glomerular lipidosis (defined as accumulation of foam cells within peripheral capillary loops) was identified in a single dog. The remaining 12 dogs had smaller amounts of lipid that could only be identified ultrastructurally. Neither signalment data nor clinicopathologic parameters (serum albumin, serum creatinine, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, and blood pressure) differed among the various types of lipid lesions. During the time course of this study, all dogs diagnosed with glomerular lipid thromboemboli were Miniature Schnauzers, underscoring the importance of recognizing these clear spaces within capillary loops as lipid.
Beating time: How ensemble musicians’ cueing gestures communicate beat position and tempo
Authors: Bishop Laura , Goebl Werner
Published: April 2017

Ensemble musicians typically exchange visual cues to coordinate piece entrances. “Cueing-in” gestures indicate when to begin playing and at what tempo. This study investigated how timing information is encoded in musicians’ cueing-in gestures. Gesture acceleration patterns were expected to indicate beat position, while gesture periodicity, duration, and peak gesture velocity were expected to indicate tempo. Same-instrument ensembles (e.g., piano–piano) were expected to synchronize more successfully than mixed-instrument ensembles (e.g., piano–violin). Duos performed short passages as their head and (for violinists) bowing hand movements were tracked with accelerometers and Kinect sensors. Performers alternated between leader/follower roles; leaders heard a tempo via headphones and cued their partner in nonverbally. Violin duos synchronized more successfully than either piano duos or piano–violin duos, possibly because violinists were more experienced in ensemble playing than pianists. Peak acceleration indicated beat position in leaders’ head-nodding gestures. Gesture duration and periodicity in leaders’ head and bowing hand gestures indicated tempo. The results show that the spatio-temporal characteristics of cueing-in gestures guide beat perception, enabling synchronization with visual gestures that follow a range of spatial trajectories.
On establishing equations of motion of mechanical vibration systems placed on moving bases
Authors: Gürgöze M , Terzioğlu F
Published: April 2017

The first author has been teaching the postgraduate course, “The Dynamics of Mechanical Systems” in The ITU Faculty of Mechanical Engineering for nearly 20 years. He has observed that students frequently have problems in obtaining the equations of motion of the vibrating systems which were placed on moving bases. Starting from this observation, he has found that the homework stated below, which was given to the students occasionally, was very helpful in learning the subject. The main idea of the homework is the derivation of the equations of motion, with the help of formulating the Lagrange’s equations with respect to a moving set of axis for a vibration system with two degrees of freedom which consists of a horizontal table rotating with a constant angular velocity around a vertical axis. The students were also asked to solve the same problem with a different method of their choice and to determine the reaction forces as well. We want to share this problem with the reader, which we have assessed as very instructive and appropriate from the viewpoint of applicability of different methods.
The business of care
Authors: Gallagher Aisling
Published: April 2017

The aim of this article is to outline a geographical research agenda for studying the marketization of childcare in Western neoliberal contexts. While childcare has been a key site of interrogation for feminist geographers, highlighting the profound inequities of marketized care for many who work in and use childcare, the contours of the childcare market as a situated and constructed economic entity has remained under-examined. I suggest that at a time when more families than ever rely on extra-familial childcare, an appreciation of how childcare markets function is urgently needed.
Preseason Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Prospective Injury Risk in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Li Hongmei , Moreland Jennifer J. , Peek-Asa Corinne , Yang Jingzhen
Published: April 2017

Background:

Psychological risk factors are increasingly recognized as important in sport-related injury prevention. Understanding how these psychological factors may affect the risk of injuries could help design effective prevention programs.

Purpose:

To determine the effect of reported preseason anxiety and depressive symptoms on the risk of injuries during a prospective season in a cohort of collegiate athletes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Collegiate athletes participating in 4 men’s sports and 5 women’s sports from 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I universities were enrolled and prospectively followed during the 2007-2011 seasons. Preseason anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured at enrollment. Injuries occurring during the season were reported by certified athletic trainers. The injury incidence rate was calculated as the total number of injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures (ie, games and practices).

Results:

Of 958 enrolled athletes (response rate of 90.3%), 389 (40.6%) athletes sustained a total of 597 injuries. At preseason, 276 (28.8%) athletes reported anxiety symptoms, and 208 (21.7%) reported depressive symptoms. Among athletes reporting any of these symptoms, 48.5% (n = 158) reported having both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Athletes with preseason anxiety symptoms had a significantly higher injury incidence rate compared with athletes without anxiety symptoms (rate ratio [RR], 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0-2.6), adjusting for age, race, body mass index, history of injuries 12 months before baseline, and university attended, and this was observed for both male and female athletes. Only male athletes who reported co-occurring preseason depressive and anxiety symptoms had a significantly increased injury risk (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.6) compared with male athletes who reported no co-occurring symptoms. However, no such increase in the injury risk was observed among female athletes or male athletes who reported preseason depressive symptoms but no anxiety symptoms.

Conclusion:

Athletes with anxiety symptoms at preseason were at an increased risk of injuries during the prospective season. Targeted programs could focus on psychological health and injury prevention for athletes, especially for those exhibiting symptoms at preseason.
From class society to the individualized society? A critical reassessment of individualization and class
Authors: Rasborg Klaus
Published: April 2017

The concept of “individualization” plays a central role in both classic and modern sociology. In modern sociology writers such as Beck, Giddens, and Bauman made the concept of individualization a key one in their theories of “late”, “reflexive”, and “liquid modernity”. However, the emphasis which the sociology of individualization puts on “liberation”, choice and social change is challenged by the sociology of stratification and power (Bourdieu, Dean, and others) with its greater emphasis on class, power and social reproduction. This paper seeks to “overcome” this schism between social change and social reproduction in the form of an attempt to think the differentiated (stratified) forms of individualization in reflexive modernity. The assumption is that there is a differentiation in reflexive modern people’s ability to deal with the requirements of individualization, depending on their possession of economic, social and cultural capital. This is argued by means of a theoretical “reconstruction” of the insights and deficiencies of the sociology of individualization, and demonstrated—with a focus on young people—by a number of empirical examples. In conclusion, the paper discusses the possibility of a theoretical integration of the fundamental insights of both the sociology of individualization and the sociology of stratification.
Women’s Mobility and the Situational Conditions of Rape: Cases Reported to Hospitals
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Wiebe Douglas J. , Eshraghi Bita , Vrotsou Katerina
Published: April 2017

A third of all rapes in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, take place in public outdoor places. Yet, little is known about the events that precede this type of sexual offence and less about the situational context of rape. This study aims to improve the understanding of the nature of situational conditions that immediately precede events of rape. Using medical records of 147 rape victims during 2012 and 2013, we constructed time- and place-specific records of the places women traveled through or spent time at, the activities they engaged in, and the people they interacted with sequentially over the course of the day when they were raped. The analysis uses visualization tools (VISUAL-TimePAcTS), Geographical Information Systems, and conditional logistic regression to identify place-, context-, and social interaction–related factors associated with the onset of rape. Results for this sample of cases reported to hospitals show that being outdoors was not necessarily riskier for women when compared with indoor public settings; some outdoor environments were actually protective, such as streets. Being in a risky social context and engaging in a risky activity before the event was associated with an increased risk of rape, and the risk escalated over the day. Among those women who never drank alcohol, the results were similar to what was observed in the overall sample, which suggests that risky social interaction and risky activity made independent contributions to the risk of rape. The article finishes with suggestions for rape prevention.
Results of a Randomized Trial on an Intervention Promoting Adoption of Occupational Sun Protection Policies
Authors: Buller David B. , Walkosz Barbara J. , Buller Mary Klein , Wallis Allan , Andersen Peter A. , Scott Michael D. , Eye Rachel , Liu Xia , Cutter Gary
Published: April 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate an intervention promoting adoption of occupational sun protection policies by employers in a randomized trial.

Design:

A randomized pretest–posttest controlled design with 2-year follow-up was conducted in 2010 to 2013.

Setting:

Local government organizations in Colorado who had outdoor workers in public works, public safety, and/or parks and recreation.

Participants:

Ninety-eight local government organizations (n = 51 municipalities, 10 counties, and 37 special districts).

Intervention:

Organizations were randomly assigned to receive a policy and education intervention comprised of personal contacts and theory-based training and materials or to an attention control group.

Measures:

Occupational policy documents were coded for sun safety content by a trained research assistant blind to condition.

Analysis:

Policy scores were analyzed with logistic and Poisson regression models using imputation.

Results:

At posttest, more organizations in the intervention group had a sun protection policy than in the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 4.91, P < .05; intent to treat: OR = 5.95, P < .05) and policies were more extensive (χ2 = 31.29, P < .01; intent to treat: χ2 =73.79, P < .01) and stronger (χ2 = 24.50, P < .01; intent to treat: χ2 = 51.95, P < .01). Policy adoption was higher when the number of contacts and trainings increased ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

The intervention had a large effect on adoption of formal sun protection policies, perhaps because of its fit with legal requirements to maintain safe workplaces. Personal contacts with managers were influential on adoption of occupational policy even in this age of communication technology and social media.
Concomitant Presence of EGFR and ALK Fusion Gene Mutation in Adenocarcinoma of Lung: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Thumallapally Nishitha , Yu Hana , Farhan Mohammad , Ibrahim Uroosa , Odiami Maricel
Published: April 2017

Empirical evidence has long suggested that oncogenic driver mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer are mutually independent. However, recent studies reported in pertinent literature reveal that concomitant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement can occur in a subset of patients with NSCLC. In order to shed further light on this issue, we report a case of adenocarcinoma of lung harboring both EGFR mutation in exon 21 (L861Q) and ALK rearrangement. This allows us to speculate on likely molecular mechanisms underlying this uncommon phenomenon, while also offering some practical guidelines on the therapeutic options that could benefit patients diagnosed with this dual-positive tumor.
Investigation of the unsteady-flow characteristics in the control valve of a diesel engine unit pump fuel system
Authors: Qiu Tao , Dai Hefei , Lei Yan , Song Xin , Cao Chunlei
Published: April 2017

The control valve determines the fuel offloading process of the high-pressure fuel system in diesel engines. During the fuel offloading process, when the control valve instantaneously opens, the inlet pressures and the outlet pressures of the valve change quickly, and the inner flow of the control valve is transient and unsteady. This study presents an investigation into the flow characteristics in the control valve region during the fuel-offloaded process of a diesel unit pump fuel system, studies the reasons for unsteady-flow conditions and further analyses the effects on the flow capacity of the valve based on the computational fluid dynamics method. The results reveal that the key reason for unsteady flow in the control valve is the dynamic movement of the valve needle, which induces changes in the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure so that the fluid in the conical region accelerates. In comparison with steady flow, unsteady flow in the control valve has different pressures in the conical region and at the conical outlet, different cavitation intensities and different locations of the bubbles. Moreover, the differences between unsteady flow and steady flow become greater, particularly for small valve needle openings. Unsteady flow in the control valve greatly influences the fuel offloading process of the unit pump fuel system.
Optimisation of the vehicle transmission and the gear-shifting strategy for the minimum fuel consumption and the minimum nitrogen oxide emissions
Authors: Oglieve Callum J , Mohammadpour Mahdi , Rahnejat Homer
Published: April 2017

The paper outlines a computationally efficient analytical method for evaluating the fuel consumption and the nitrogen oxide emissions during manoeuvres pertaining to the New European Driving Cycle. An integrated optimisation procedure is also included in the analyses with minimisation of the brake specific fuel consumption and minimisation of the nitrogen oxide emissions as objective functions. A set of optimum gear ratios are determined for a four-speed transmission, a five-speed transmission and six-speed transmission as the governing parameters in the optimisation process. The analysis highlights the determination of gear-shifting objective-driven strategies based on the minimisation of either of the declared objective functions. A reduction of 7.5% in the brake specific fuel consumption and a reduction of 6.75% in nitrogen oxide emissions are attainable in the best-case scenario for a six-speed transmission and a gear-shifting strategy based on the lowest brake specific fuel consumption for the case of an engine. The novel integrated analytical simulations and multi-objective optimisation have not been hitherto reported in literature. It provides the opportunity for an objective intelligent-based approach to the use of gear shift indicator technology. The results of this study also show that transmission optimisation can act as an effective and inexpensive mean to enhance the fuel efficiency and to reduce the emissions.
When Novel Rituals Lead to Intergroup Bias: Evidence From Economic Games and Neurophysiology
Authors: Hobson Nicholas M. , Gino Francesca , Norton Michael I. , Inzlicht Michael
Published: April 2017

Long-established rituals in preexisting cultural groups have been linked to the cultural evolution of group cooperation. We tested the prediction that novel rituals—arbitrary hand and body gestures enacted in a stereotypical and repeated fashion—can inculcate intergroup bias in newly formed groups. In four experiments, participants practiced novel rituals at home for 1 week (Experiments 1, 2, and 4) or once in the lab (Experiment 3) and were divided into minimal in-groups and out-groups. Our results offer mixed support for the hypothesis that novel rituals promote intergroup bias. Specifically, we found a modest effect for daily repeated rituals but a null effect for rituals enacted only once. These results suggest that novel rituals can inculcate bias, but only when certain features are present: Rituals must be sufficiently elaborate and repeated to lead to bias. Taken together, our results offer modest support that novel rituals can promote intergroup bias.
Anti-disturbance proportional integral attitude control and stabilization of rolling hydraulic position system
Authors: Gong Lishuang , Jin Baoquan , Zhang Hongjuan , Gao Yan , Wang Dong , Wang Yu
Published: April 2017

Disturbance rejection performance for rolling hydraulic position control system has always been a knotty issue. To guarantee the transient performance and improve disturbance rejection performance of the rolling hydraulic position control system, a compound controller, composed of a feedforward controller part based on proportional integral laws and a compensation part based on disturbance observer, is designed and investigated. In this article, a detailed analysis and design principles of the composite controller are provided. Additionally, stability analysis of the controller is proved using Lyapunov function adapted to the system. Finally, a rigorous analysis of the disturbance rejection performance is given with consideration of both instantaneous disturbances and low-frequency disturbances. For single pulse disturbance, the maximum error is reduced from 3.5% to 0.6%. Furthermore, for more complicated disturbance, sinusoidal disturbance is lower than 50 Hz, disturbance rejection performance decreases with increasing frequency and maximum error is reduced from 5.4% to 1.6%. The test results demonstrate that for single pulse disturbance, the maximum error is reduced from 4.12% to 0.64%. Furthermore, for more complicated disturbance, sinusoidal disturbance is lower than 50 Hz, disturbance rejection performance decreases with increasing frequency and maximum error is reduced from 2.71% to 0.70%. Both simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method possesses a better disturbance rejection performance than the proportional integral method.
Perinatal and infant mental health in Australia: moving forward towards REAL prevention and early intervention – can we do it?
Authors: Sved Williams Anne E
Published: April 2017

Objectives:

Australia has been at the forefront of appropriate early intervention. Prevention of mental illness in infants by early identification and intervention in the mental health of their mothers has stalled since the cessation of funding through the National Perinatal Depression Initiative (NPDI, 2009–2015). Whilst screening for maternal mental illness has been widely implemented throughout Australia during the last two decades, services are now diminishing and great opportunities to ride the crest of a wave for appropriate mental illness intervention are receding. Reviews of history and interventions internationally may help guide future directions.

Conclusions:

Advocacy through across-agency and across-political-party support has been markedly successful for perinatal and infant mental health in the United Kingdom. A solid foundation exists in Australia. Australian psychiatrists have the ability to continue to change the face of prevention and early intervention.
Ethics in Autoethnography and Collaborative Autoethnography
Authors: Lapadat Judith C.
Published: April 2017

Autoethnography as an approach to inquiry has gained a widespread following in part because it addresses the ethical issue of representing, speaking for, or appropriating the voice of others. In this article, I place the emergence of autoethnography within its historical context and discuss the contributions and limitations of autoethnography as an approach to inquiry. I examine ethical aspects of autoethnography, showing how the method is rooted in ethical intent, yet autoethnographers nevertheless face ethical challenges. I suggest that collaborative autoethnography, a multivocal approach in which two or more researchers work together to share personal stories and interpret the pooled autoethnographic data, builds upon and extends the reach of autoethnography and addresses some of its methodological and ethical issues. In particular, collaborative autoethnography supports a shift from individual to collective agency, thereby offering a path toward personally engaging, nonexploitative, accessible research that makes a difference.
Once again, the PACE authors respond to concerns with empty answers
Authors: Tuller David
Published: April 2017

In their response to Geraghty, the PACE investigators state that they have “repeatedly addressed” the various methodological concerns raised about the trial. While this is true, these responses have repeatedly failed to provide satisfactory explanations for the trial’s very serious flaws. This commentary examines how the current response once again demonstrates the ways in which the investigators avoid acknowledging the obvious problems with PACE and offer non-answers instead—arguments that fall apart quickly under scrutiny.
Teacher’s computer self-efficacy and its relationship with cognitive style and TPACK
Authors: López-Vargas Omar , Duarte-Suárez Leydy , Ibáñez-Ibáñez Jaime
Published: April 2017

The research reviews the existing relationship between teachers’ computer self-efficacy, cognitive style in the field dependence–independence (FDI) dimension, and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). It also inquired into the influence of teachers’ performance area on self-efficacy and TPACK. In total, 208 teachers from a public education institution in Valle de Tenza, Boyacá, Colombia, participated in the study. The Embedded Figures Test (EFT), self-efficacy, and TPACK tests were applied. A correlations analysis and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed. The results showed significant associations between cognitive style, self-efficacy, technological knowledge, and TPACK. In addition, they evidenced the existence of significant differences in self-efficacy, technological knowledge, and TPACK, according to the performance area and cognitive style.
Property TV: Financialized femininity and new forms of domestic labour
Authors: Druick Zoë
Published: April 2017

This article argues that melodrama plays an important role in shaping the ambivalent narratives of property TV. Using the HGTV Canada show Buy Herself as a case study, the article considers the rise of what amounts to a new women’s genre as an attempt to frame and contain gendered experiences of the financialization of the domestic sphere. Positioning the show within neoliberalism’s faux feminism and superficial discourse of diversity, the article posits that the focus on the melodramatic struggles of real estate buyers in the reality genre of property TV brings to the fore anxieties and contradictions incited by the neoliberal imperatives to reframe the domestic sphere as real estate investment and normalize debt.
Interprofessional education and social interaction: The use of automated external defibrillators in team-based basic life support
Authors: Onan Arif , Simsek Nurettin
Published: April 2017

Automated external defibrillators are pervasive computing devices designed for the treatment and management of acute sudden cardiac arrest. This study aims to explain users’ actual use behavior in teams formed by different professions taken after a short time span of interaction with automated external defibrillator. Before the intervention, all the participants were certified with the American Heart Association Basic Life Support for healthcare providers. A statistically significant difference was revealed in mean individual automated external defibrillator technical skills between uniprofessional and interprofessional groups. The technical automated external defibrillator team scores were greater for groups with interprofessional than for those with uniprofessional education. The nontechnical automated external defibrillator skills of interprofessional and uniprofessional teams revealed differences in advantage of interprofessional teams. Students positively accept automated external defibrillators if well-defined and validated training opportunities to use them expertly are available. Uniprofessional teams were successfully supported by their members and, thereby, used automated external defibrillator effectively. Furthermore, the interprofessional approach resulted in as much effective teamwork as the uniprofessional approach.
Youth and ecotourism: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Cini Francesca , Passafaro Paola
Published: April 2017

Young people’s beliefs concerning ecotourism were investigated in a qualitative study based on the focus group technique. Findings confirmed results of previous research work conducted with both adults and the young populations that had recorded a general lack of knowledge of the nature, aims and characteristics of ecotourism, as well as a lack of awareness of some of its potentialities like, for example, the benefits it could provide to local inhabitants. In addition, new insights were added to the existing literature concerning the characteristics and contents of the image of this tourism phenomenon which appeared to be affected by preconceptions and stereotypes.
Individual Voices and the Immigrant Italian Family: Disrupting the Master Narrative With Poetic Inquiry
Authors: Reale Michelle
Published: April 2017

The Nigerian novelist, Chimamanda Ngozie Adiche in her insightful TED talk, expounds on “the danger of the single story.” I have always had a tacit knowing about this, that one story is just that: one story. If a story is told long and often enough, it becomes the truth, going possibly unquestioned through generations. I continue to explore my father’s nuclear family and the narratives of his siblings regarding their lives with their Sicilian father. Disrupting the “Master Narrative” using poetic inquiry and respondents’ own words help to redress the lack of their voice(s) in their own experience(s).
The Silenced Students: Student Resistance in a Corporatized University
Authors: Suoranta Juha , FitzSimmons Robert
Published: April 2017

A silenced student merely receives pedagogical messages, consumes educational goods, and is supposed to obey taken-for-granted orders of the university. In this article, we illustrate how silencing happens as a consequence of a structural change in the balance of power between the Finnish government and the universities. The universities try to play safe due to the increased directive power of the government. This has had effects on how universities define the roles of students: In the changed conditions, the universities see students as clients whose purpose is to study and graduate, but not to revolt or act as political beings.