bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Winter brown carbon over six of China's megacities: light absorption, molecular characterization, and improved source apportionment revealed by multilayer perceptron neural network
Authors: Wang Diwei , Shen Zhenxing , Zhang Qian , Lei Yali , Zhang Tian , Huang Shasha , Sun Jian , Xu Hongmei , Cao Junji
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Brown carbon (BrC) constitutes a large fraction of organic carbon
and exhibits strong light absorption properties, thus affecting the global
radiation budget. In this study, we investigated the light absorption
properties, chemical functional bonds, and sources of BrC in six megacities
in China, namely Beijing, Harbin, Xi'an, Chengdu, Guangzhou, and Wuhan. The
average values of the BrC light absorption coefficient and the mass
absorption efficiency at 365 nm in northern cities were higher than those in
southern cities by 2.5 and 1.8 times, respectively, demonstrating the abundance of BrC present in northern China's megacities. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed sharp and intense peaks at
1640, 1458–1385, and 1090–1030 cm−1, which were ascribed to aromatic
phenols, confirming the contribution of primary emission sources (e.g.,
biomass burning and coal combustion) to BrC. In addition, we noted peaks at
860, 1280–1260, and 1640 cm−1, which were attributed to organonitrate
and oxygenated phenolic groups, indicating that secondary BrC also existed
in the six megacities. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) coupled with
multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network analysis was used to apportion
the sources of BrC light absorption. The results showed that primary
emissions (e.g., biomass burning, tailpipe emissions, and coal combustion)
made a major contribution to BrC in the six megacities. However, secondary
formation processes made a greater contribution to light absorption in the
southern cities (17.9 %–21.2 %) than in the northern cities
(2.1 %–10.2 %). These results can provide a basis for the more
effective control of BrC to reduce its impacts on regional climates and
human health.
The DataHawk2 uncrewed aircraft system for atmospheric research
Authors: Hamilton Jonathan , de Boer Gijs , Doddi Abhiram , Lawrence Dale A.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The DataHawk2 (DH2) is a small, fixed-wing, uncrewed aircraft system, or UAS,
developed at the University of Colorado (CU) primarily for taking detailed
thermodynamic measurements of the atmospheric boundary layer. The DH2 weighs
1.7 kg and has a wingspan of 1.3 m, with a flight endurance of approximately
60 min, depending on configuration. In the DH2's most modern form, the
aircraft carries a Vaisala RSS-421 sensor for pressure, temperature, and
relative humidity measurements, two CU-developed infrared temperature
sensors, and a CU-developed fine-wire array, in addition to sensors required
to support autopilot function (pitot tube with pressure sensor, GPS
receiver, inertial measurement unit), from which wind speed and direction
can also be estimated. This paper presents a description of the DH2,
including information on its design and development work, and puts the DH2 into
context with respect to other contemporary UASs. Data from recent field work
(MOSAiC, the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic
Climate) is presented and compared with radiosondes deployed during that
campaign to provide an overview of sensor and system performance. These data
show good agreement across pressure, temperature, and relative humidity as
well as across wind speed and direction. Additional examples of measurements
provided by the DH2 are given from a variety of previous campaigns in
locations ranging from the continental United States to Japan and northern
Alaska. Finally, a look toward future system improvements and upcoming
research campaign participation is given.
New method to determine black carbon mass size distribution
Authors: Zhao Weilun , Zhao Gang , Li Ying , Guo Song , Ma Nan , Tang Lizi , Zhang Zirui , Zhao Chunsheng
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is an important atmospheric component with strong light absorption. Many attempts have been made to measure BC mass size distribution (BCMSD) for its significant impact on climate and public health. Larger-coverage BCMSD, ranging from upper submicron particles sizes to larger than 1 µm, contributes to a substantial proportion of total BC mass and absorption. However, the current time resolution of larger-coverage BCMSD
measurement was limited to 1 d, which was insufficient to characterize
variation of larger-coverage BCMSD. In this study, a new method to determine equivalent BCMSD (eBCMSD) was proposed from size-resolved absorption coefficient measured by an aerodynamic aerosol classifier in tandem with an aethalometer. The proposed method could measure larger-coverage eBCMSD with a time resolution as high as 1 h and was validated by comparing the measurement results with refractory BCMSD (rBCMSD) measured by a differential mobility analyzer in tandem with a single-particle soot photometer (DMA–SP2) for particle sizes larger than 300 nm during a field measurement in the Yangtze River Delta. Bulk refractory BC mass concentration (mrBC,bulk) by DMA–SP2 was underestimated by 33 % compared to bulk equivalent BC mass concentration (meBC,bulk) by this method because of the limited size range of measurement for DMA–SP2. Uncertainty analysis of this method was performed with respect to mass absorption cross-section (MAC), transfer function inversion, number fraction of BC-containing particle and instrumental noise. The results indicated that MAC was the main uncertainty source, leading to meBC,bulk values that varied from −20 % to 28 %. With the advantage of a wide size coverage up to 1.5 µm, high time resolution, easy operation and low cost, this method is expected to have wide applications in field measurement for better estimating the radiative properties and climate effects of BC.
Quantification of In-situ Remediation of Deep Unsaturated Zone and Groundwater
Authors: Levakov Ilil , Ronen Zeev , Turkeltaub Tuvia , Dahan Ofer
Published: November 2022

Abstract. In-situ bioremediation techniques are cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable. This study examined a large-scale in-situ treatment of an unsaturated zone and a local groundwater system that were heavily contaminated with perchlorate and other co-contaminants, including nitrate, chlorate, and RDX. Principally, the upper section of the unsaturated zone was used as a bioreactor for treating the deep unsaturated zone and groundwater. The treatment was based on a cyclic process that included pumping contaminated groundwater, adding an essential electron donor, and injecting the amended water back into the top-soil, which was used as a bioreactor in the treatment process. In the shallow soil, the local bacteria reduced the perchlorate to chloride and water, and the treated water continued to displace the major pollutants from the deep part of the vadose zone, where the biological potential for contaminant degradation is low, towards the water table. The contaminated leachates were pumped back to the surface with polluted groundwater as part of the cyclic treatment process. Results show that the other co-contaminants, including nitrate, chlorate, and RDX, were removed. Water flow and reactive transport models were calibrated and validated against a time series of the water contents and bromide and perchlorate concentrations that were obtained across the unsaturated zone using the VMS. The calibrated models enabled quantifying the clean-up process and estimating the required time for full perchlorate removal. According to the model's predictions, after 700 days of continuous operation, all the perchlorate, in a total amount of 7754 kg, would be removed from the unsaturated zone. To obtain full removal, the modelling simulations suggest that the in-situ bioremediation should be implemented for an additional 200 days. Ultimately, we present a low-cost, efficient method for treating perchlorate contamination and potentially that of other pollutants in the subsurface.
Emit now, mitigate later? Earth system reversibility under overshoots of different magnitudes and durations
Authors: Schwinger Jörg , Asaadi Ali , Steinert Norman Julius , Lee Hanna
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Anthropogenic CO2 emissions cause irreversible climate change
on centennial to millennial timescales, yet current mitigation efforts are
insufficient to limit global warming to a level that is considered safe.
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) has been suggested as an option to partially
reverse climate change and to return the Earth system to a less dangerous
state after a period of temperature overshoot. Whether or to what extent
such partial reversal of climate change under CDR would happen is, next to
socio-economic feasibility and sustainability, key to assessing CDR as a
mitigation option. Here, we use a state-of-the-art Earth system model that
includes a representation of permafrost carbon to investigate the
reversibility of the Earth system after overshoots of different durations and
magnitudes in idealized simulations. We find that atmospheric CO2
concentrations are slightly lower after an overshoot, compared to a
reference simulation without overshoot, due to a near-perfect compensation
of carbon losses from land by increased ocean carbon uptake during the
overshoot periods. The legacy of an overshoot is, on a centennial timescale, indiscernible (within natural variability) from a reference case
without overshoot for many aspects of the Earth system including global
average surface temperature, marine and terrestrial productivity, strength
of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, surface ocean pH,
surface O2 concentration, and permafrost extent, except in the most extreme overshoot scenario considered in this study. Consistent with
previous studies, we find irreversibility in permafrost carbon and deep
ocean properties like seawater temperature, pH, and O2 concentrations. We do not find any indication of tipping points or self-reinforcing feedbacks that would put the Earth system on a significantly different trajectory after an overshoot. Hence, the effectiveness of CDR in partially reversing large-scale patterns of climate change might not be the main issue of CDR but rather the impacts and risks that would occur during the period of elevated temperatures during the overshoot.
Historical nitrogen fertilizer use in China from 1952 to 2018
Authors: Yu Zhen , Liu Jing , Kattel Giri
Published: November 2022

Abstract. China ranks in the highest position for nitrogen (N)
fertilizer consumption in the world. Although N fertilizer use has greatly contributed to the China's food production, this has also caused an unprecedented alteration in the biogeochemical cycles and endangered
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Existing use of N fertilizers in China,
as shown by digital maps, is usually coarse in resolution and intermittently covered with a biased gridded dataset. Here, we have reconstructed a historical, annual N fertilizer use dataset in China and
resampled it to 5 km×5 km resolution, covering the period from 1952 to 2018 by integrating improved cropland maps. Results showed that most of the N input was directly applied as N-only fertilizer, while the contribution from compound fertilizers has ranged between 16 % and 24 % since 1980. The national total N fertilizer input increased from 0.06 Tg N yr−1 (0.05 g N m−2 yr−1) in 1952 to 31.15 Tg N yr−1 (18.83 g N m−2 yr−1) in 2014 and then decreased to 28.31 Tg N yr−1 (17.06 g N m−2 yr−1) in 2018. Despite the total N input decreasing by 9.1 % (2.84 Tg N yr−1) from 2014 to 2018, the N input from compound fertilizers has increased by 6 % (0.43 Tg N yr−1) during the corresponding period. The previous Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) data-based N fertilizer products in China overestimated N use in low cropland coverage areas but underestimated N use in high cropland coverage areas. However, our newly reconstructed data have not only corrected the existing biases and improved the spatial distribution but have also shown that vegetable and other crops (e.g., orchards), but not grain crops, are the most intensively fertilized crops in China, implying the importance of quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from these croplands. We argue that the reconstructed, spatially explicit N fertilizer use data in this study are expected to contribute to better understanding of biogeochemical cycles, including the simulations of GHG emissions and food production in China. The spatially explicit N fertilizer use and the crop-specific N fertilizer use datasets are available via an open data repository (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21371469.v1; Yu, 2022).
Short communication: Potential of Sentinel 1 InSAR and offset tracking in monitoring post-cyclonic landslides activities in Reunion Island
Authors: de Michele Marcello , Raucoules Daniel , Rault Claire , Aunay Bertrand , Foumelis Michael
Published: November 2022

Abstract. This study examined the results of an interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and SAR Offset Tracking (OT) study on Cirque de Salazie (CdS), Reunion Island, France, within the context of the RENOVRISK project, a multidisciplinary programme to study the cyclonic risks in the South-West Indian Ocean. CdS is one of the denser populated areas in Reunion Island. One of the aims of the project was to assess whether Sentinel 1 SAR methods could be used to measure landslide motion and/or accelerations due to post cyclonic activity on CdS. We concentrated on the post 2017 cyclonic event. We used the Copernicus Sentinel 1 data, acquired between 30/10/2017 and 06/11 2018. Sentinel 1 is a C-band SAR, and its signal can be severely affected by the presence of changing vegetation between two SAR acquisitions, particularly in CdS, where the vegetation canopy is well developed. This is why C-band radars such as the ones onboard Radarsat or Envisat, characterized by low acquisition frequency (24 and 36 days, respectively), could not be routinely used on CdS to measure landslide motion with InSAR in the past. In this study, we used InSAR and OT techniques applied to Sentinel 1 SAR. We find that C-band SAR onboard Sentinel 1 can be used to monitor landslide motion in densely vegetated areas, thanks to its high acquisition frequency (12 days). OT stacking reveals a useful complement to InSAR, especially in mapping fast moving areas. In particular, we can highlight ground motion in the Hell-Bourg, Ile à Vidot, Grand Ilet, Camp Pierrot, and Bellier landslides.
A Base Nacional Comum Curricular do Ensino Fundamental: suas implicações para o trabalho docente
Authors: Camara Mírian Aguiar Oliveira , Evangelista Graziela Martins , Silva Maria Abádia da
Published: November 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a política curricular decorrente da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e as implicações para o trabalho docente na educação básica pública brasileira. Parte-se dos documentos da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), do Banco Mundial, de referências bibliográficas e da legislação para examinar, no processo histórico-dialético, como governos, partidos políticos e empresários do ensino atuam para recompor a política curricular e o trabalho docente nos patamares neoliberais. Algumas implicações dessa política curricular no trabalho docente são a intensificação, a precarização e a desvalorização, todas em um contexto de controle, vigilância e responsabilização. Se a BNCC pode limitar e padronizar o currículo, as práticas pedagógicas e o trabalho docente, no movimento real, pode transformar e elevar a formação escolar e humana aos pilares da epistemologia da práxis.
Study of Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser in Treatment of Onychomycosis (100 Cases)
Authors: Mehta Prachi , Vora Deval , Patel Nidhi
Published: November 2022

Background: Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of nail unit. Tinea unguium is dermatophytic nail infection. common dermatophytes causing onychomycosis is Trichophyton rubrum. Onychomycosis increase in frequency with age, amongst them adult males are more frequently affected than females. There are various topical and systemic antifungal agents available for onychomycosis. Despite this it is difficult to treat onychomycosis as higher local concentration of drug is required for clearing the infection and it is difficult to achieve.
Aim and objectives: To ascertain efficacy of fractional carbon dioxide laser in onychomycosis. To evaluate fractional carbon dioxide laser's effectiveness in total clearance of onychomycosis from nails.
Materials and methods:

Methods: 100 patients of clinically diagnosed onychomycosis were selected. All patient’s KOH smear examination was done by collecting samples from scrapings of nail material. All patients were given systemic antifungals along with topical antifungals. Laser sittings had been done at an interval of 1 month. Total 6 monthly sittings were done. Topical lignocaine hydrochloride 2% w/v gel were applied for 20-30minutes before giving laser therapy. Standard digital photographs were taken before initiating the therapy and then repeated monthly. After completion of 6 months all patients were followed up for 9 months with an interval of 3 and 6 months.
Results: At 6 months after completion of 6 sittings of CO2 laser 68 patients had complete response, 16 patients had significant response, 8 patients had moderate response, 8 patients had no response at 6 months of therapy.
Limitations: Small population size, absence of control group, mycological culture was not performed were the main limitations of our study.
Conclusion: Fractional carbon dioxide laser is effective in treating onychomycosis along with topical and systemic antifungals and it has minimal side effects.

Keywords: Onychomycosis, fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser.
WAR AND PEACE IN SOUTH ASIA: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF PAK-INDIA RELATIONS (2008-2018)
Authors:   Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Nawaz Uzma , Hussain Mazher ,   Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan., Nawaz Muhammad Bilal ,   Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore Pakistan
Published: November 2022

This research aimed to investigate the War and Peace in South Asia: A Historical Analysis of Pak-India Relations (2008-2018). The aim was to analyze the relationships of both countries with regard to war and peace in connections with mutual disputes and negotiations efforts for peace process. Because of India and Pakistan's history of poor ties going back to 1947, discussions of collaboration have often occurred in the midst of threats of war and military confrontation. They have deployed their soldiers on several times as a consequence of a major threat of conflict. Diplomatic relations between India and Pakistan have been strained since the early 1990s as a result of turmoil in Kashmir and terrorist actions in other Indian states. After a series of high-profile terrorist strikes that took many lives, India's hostile spirit based on hatred against Pakistan has faded. Those opposed to the peace effort between India and Pakistan have established a pattern. Terrorist attacks have thwarted almost every Indo-Pakistani peace endeavor in recent years. As a consequence, belligerent minds dominate dialogues between India and Pakistan, constantly spreading negative narratives that condemn the adversary while creating virtue-based self-images in their own countries. Such negative narratives have been reinforced during a period of conflict, when there are numerous acts of violence, leading to an ongoing cycle of distrust, anxious to fight and violence that is difficult to escape. As a result, a positive cycle of trust and confidence growing between the two countries was never able to acquire traction or establish itself. Keywords: Pak-India Relations, Kashmir Issue, Kargil Conflict, Water Dispute.
CHILDREN MIGRATION AND THE EMPTY NEST PARENTS: INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND THE ECONOMIC WELL-BEING OF THE ELDERLY LEFT BEHIND IN RAWALPINDI PAKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Sociology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan, Ahmad Muhammad Farooq
Published: November 2022

Pakistan is encountering a massive adult migration that is affecting its social fabric in various aspects. The present study has been carved out in context of the adult migration impacts on the elderly left behind in Pakistan. Particularly, the study examines the social, psychological, and economic reciprocity of the elderly left behind owing to their adult (children) outmigration. It has focused to explore the prevalence of social, psychological, and economic well-being of the elderly left behind, to find out the dynamics of the social, psychological, and economic well-being of elderly left behind by demographic variables e.g., gender, residence, etc. To identify the interrelation of the social, economic, and psychological well-being of the elderly left behind in District Rawalpindi, and considering this, to propose a Tridimensional Model of the well-being of elderly left behind and to suggest some measures to improve the social, psychological and economic wellbeing of elderly left behind. The tri-dimensional model of well-being employed the quantitative research design in order to map out the adult migration impact on parents. The study has been conducted in the Rawalpindi district of Punjab Pakistan. The researcher used the self-administered questionnaire and collected the data from the targeted elderly left behind through the multistage sampling technique. The sample size of the study was 400 elderly left behind from the different areas of Rawalpindi. The study concludes through its findings that its findings there is higher reciprocity between social well-being and psychological well-being, economic and social well-being has a strong association, but economic and psychological well-being has not been found significant. The study suggests there is a dire need to devise policies for the well-being of the increasing elderly population. Keywords: Social well-being, psychological well-being, Economic Well Being. Migration.
Oil Price Fluctuations and its Impact on Current Account in Nigeria
Authors: N. Fotshak , A.M. Bello
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the relationship between oil price fluctuations and Nigeria’s current account balances from 1987 to 2021. Current account is a pivotal macroeconomic variable that is used to measure the economic performance of a country. This current account is itself a record of all of a country’s national and international transactions and oil price is one of the major factors that determines the value and volume of transactional movements in a country. This is largely the case with Nigeria, which is a country that is heavily reliant on oil. This study adopted a time series analysis by investigating time series data and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was used to estimate the correlation between oil price variations and current account in the short and long runs. The findings showed that oil price had a positive but insignificant effect on current account in the short run while it had a negative but significant impact on the current account in the long run. In terms of the other determinants of current account which were examined in this study, it was discovered that population growth rate and trade had an insignificant correlation with current account balances in the short run while GDP and oil prices had significant impacts on current account balances in the long run. These findings inform the conclusion of this study that current account is a viable metric for measuring Nigeria’s economic performance as well as policy making. To gain greater economic stability, this study recommended that there is a need to strategically position Nigeria’s economy towards other forms of revenue rather than oil so as to reduce the impact of oil price fluctuations on the country’s current account balances and the economy at large.
A unifying framework and a mathematical model for the Slab Stack Shuffling Problem
Authors: Bruno Giuseppe , Cavola Manuel , Diglio Antonio , Piccolo Carmela
Published: November 2022

The Slab Stack Shuffling Problem (SSSP) consists of retrieving slabs, stored in stacks in a warehouse, to efficiently satisfy a processing order. The problem is relevant in the steel industry as the slab yard serves as a storage buffer between the continuous casting stage and the rolling mill. Notably, the SSSP also arises in cutting/assembly centres within the shipbuilding supply chain, where already rolled slabs must undergo further production stages. The different slabs managed in these facilities confer the problem novel practical features, such as the existence of slabs' typologies and deadlines, i.e., a maximum time beyond which their quality certifications expire and are no longer usable. In such a context, the goals of the present paper are twofold: (i) providing a comprehensive taxonomy of the main aspects involved in the problem; (ii) proposing an original mathematical formulation for the SSSP. Specifically, the model is cast as a bi-objective multi-period program, seeking to minimise the number of shuffles and expired slabs. Computational tests on randomly generated instances prove the relevance of the trade-off between the above-mentioned objectives and the impact of the yard's configuration on the retrieval process, suggesting the most suitable storage strategy to adopt under different operational settings.
A matheuristic based solution approach for the general lot sizing and scheduling problem with sequence dependent changeovers and back ordering
Authors: Özbel Burcu Kubur , Baykasoğlu Adil
Published: November 2022

This paper considers the general lot sizing and scheduling problem (GLSP) in single level capacitated environments with sequence dependent item changeovers. The proposed model simultaneously determines the production sequence of multiple items with capacity-constrained dynamic demand and lot size to minimize overall costs. First, a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model for the GLSP is developed in order to solve smaller size problems. Afterwards, a matheuristic algorithm that integrates Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm and the proposed MIP model is devised for solving larger size problems. The proposed matheuristic approach decomposes the GLSP into sub-problems. The proposed SA algorithm plays the controller role. It guides the search process by determining values for some of the decision variables and calls the MIP model to identify the optimal values for the remaining decision variables at each iteration. Extensive numerical experiments on randomly generated test instances are performed in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed matheuristic method. It is observed that the proposed matheuristic based solution method outperforms the MIP and SA, if they are used alone for solving the present GLSP.
The impact of pH value in the Phenolic content and Antioxidant potential of Medicinal plant extract
Authors: Djamila Berra , Ouahida Dia , Salah Eddine Laouini , Souheila Menaceur
Published: November 2022

In this research, the aim was to investigate the influence of pH value in the extraction medium on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Artemisia herba-alba species used in traditional medicine. For this reason, two analytical methods were used (UV-visible spectroscopy, HPLC). Antioxidant properties of the extracts at different pH were estimated by two tests: total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity. The results of the evaluation of phenolic compounds showed that the aqueous extracts in a weak acid medium had a high percentage of phenol content, and the highest value for total phenol content was 90.759±1.267mg GAE/g. Whereas, the HPLC analysis indicated the presence of most of the standard phenolic compounds in the majority of the extracts. For antioxidant activity, the best antioxidants reported in extract at pH=6, with a semi-maximal inhibitory concentration (0.151±0,032mg/ml) and a total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of 66.840±0.241mg EAA/g, which indicates that it is effective antioxidant for therapeutic applications.
Cleaning Validation in Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Khalate Poonam , Chaudhari Bharati , Redasani Vivekkumar
Published: November 2022

In pharmaceutical industries there is possibilities of contamination, cross contamination, microbial contamination, adulteration of drug with other active ingredient or contamination with other material like raw material, dust, lubricant, intermediates and air born particle.1 Cleaning validation validate the effectiveness of cleaning procedure for removal of excipient, product residue, degradation product and cleaning agent. Cleaning validation improves the potency and reliability of cleaning in given pharmaceutical production and equipment. The cleaning validation is essential part of the quality assurance. As a result, validating cleaning procedures is critical in the pharmaceutical sector to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of drug batches. The purpose of this review is to provide information about cleaning validation in pharmaceutical industry to provide better customer care and quality of product. This article will discuss the relevance of cleaning validation in the pharmaceutical sector, and it will do so in accordance with regulatory guidelines.2,3
STRETCHING EXERCISE ANTAR WAKTU DIALISA TERHADAP SKOR FATIGUE PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK DI RSUD KABUPATEN CIAMIS
Authors: Taufiq Firdaus Asep Novi , Waluyo Agung , Jumaiyah Wati
Published: November 2022

Terapi penggantian ginjal (renal replacement therapy) merupakan salah satu terapi yang dipertimbangkan pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik tahap akhir. Terapi penggantian ginjal dapat berupa dialisis dan transplantasi ginjal. Salah satu manifestasi klinik yang timbul akibat penyakit gagal ginjal kronik ini adalah fatigue. Fatigue adalah perasaan subyektif yang tidak menyenangkan berupa kelelahan, kelemahan, dan penurunan energi. Salah satu intervensi nonfarmakologis yang sering direkomendasikan sebagai alternatif untuk mengurangi fatigue pasien hemodialisa  adalah latihan fisik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh latihan fisik stretching excercise antar waktu dialisa terhadap skor fatigue. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-experimental design dengan pendekatan pretest-posttest group design. Sebanyak 34 pasien dengan gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisa terdaftar dalam penelitian ini, dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol  (n=17) dan perlakuan (n=17). Hasil uji T menunjukan skor fatigue pada kelompok intervensi setelah diberikan intervensi latihan fisik stretching exercise dengan (p value = 0,001), sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol terjadi peningkatan rata-rata skor fatigue dengan (p value = 0,059). Terbukti adanya perbedaan yang signifikan rata-rata skor fatigue pada pengukuran pertama dan terakhir (nilai p=0,001). Disarankan untuk institusi pelayanan kesehatan perlu memfasilitasi diterbitkannya prosedur tetap tentang latihan fisik dan mengembangkan latihan fisik sebagai salah satu bagian dari program terapi dan rehabilitasi yang terintegrasi dalam asuhan keperawatan bagi pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis.
Yam Cultivation as an Obstacle to Forest Recolonisation in the Subprefecture of Dimbokro
Authors: Bazoumana DIARRASSOUBA , Joel N'GUESSAN Patrick , Jonathan KOFFI Brice
Published: November 2022

As the first cocoa loop, the Dimbokro region was an area of heavy logging. After the collapse of this first cocoa loop around 1980, the population of the Dimbokro subprefecture invested in yam cultivation. However, it has been observed that despite the cessation of intensive cocoa and coffee production in favour of yam cultivation, the forest that had disappeared has still not been able to recover. It is therefore necessary to know what is causing this situation. The study aims to show the causes of the difficult forest recolonisation in the subprefecture of Dimbokro. Through field investigations, the use of various documents consulted, the contribution of remote sensing and the analysis of statistical data, the negative impact of yam cultivation on the forest of the Dimbokro sub-prefecture, which is unable to recover, has been demonstrated. The importance of yam cultivation for the population of Dimbokro and the harmful effects of the cultivation system used by local farmers are explanatory factors. Thus, forest recolonisation remains difficult, if not impossible.
Analysis of Antibiotic Resistant Gene from Microbial Isolates of Chlorinated Water
Authors: Essa Ramsha , Abbas Naaz , Mazhar Sania , Riaz Sana , Ashfaq Saira , Nadeem Abad Ali , Perveen Ishrat , Syed Quratulain , Saleem Yasar , Abidi Syed Hussain , Javed Tariq
Published: November 2022

Background: Chlorination is commonly used to disinfect water as it efficiently kills the microbe by destroying its membrane enzyme. Although some gram positive bacteria that are antibiotic resistant also show resistance against chlorine. This resistance may be due to some unique protein or maybe confer by the antibiotic resistant genes. Aim: To analyze the relationship between antibiotic and chlorine resistance to verify the role of antibiotic resistant genes in chlorine resistance. Methodology: VAN-A and TET-O genes were amplified from a chlorinated water sample and computation analysis was carried out to analyze these proteins. Docking was performed to quantify binding affinity between resistant genes and hypochlorite ligand. Results: Low binding energy confirmed the incompetency of chlorine and antibiotics against resistant genes. Expression analysis of PET-28 GFP recombinant plasmid under antibiotic and chlorine stress indicated successful expression by J express. Conclusion: Computational study proves that antibiotic resistant gene has a role in conferring resistance against chlorine. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, chlorine resistance, molecular modeling, recombinant plasmid, hypochlorite
Total White blood count, absolute neutrophil count and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and heart failure in patients with STEMI
Authors: Khan Ahmed Raza , Akhter Naseem , Sarfraz Ali , Maqbool Shazia , Asif Maliha , Ejaz Asma
Published: November 2022

Background: In Pakistan risk factors for coronary Artery disease are highly prevalent. The cause of 30-40% death in Pakistan is coronary artery disease. Inflammatory markers have a significant role in cardiovascular events: These markers are C - reactive protein, interlukin-6 and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Few parameters are proposed to pedicel the outcome in coronary artery disease that includes WBC count neutrophil count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Methodology: It was a prospective descriptive study conducted in the Cardiac unit, Ibn-e-Siena Hospital, Multan. Data of 159 patients who met the inclusion criteria was collected. Patient’s demographic details were noted. All patients having any of these, cardiogenic shock, pump failure (ejection ≤30%) and acute pulmonary edema were taken as having heart failure. Results: In this study main population was from age group 61-70 and 51-60 years age group. White blood count, absolute neutrophil count and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was compared in patients with heart failure and without heart failure and significant difference was noted among groups. Conclusion: So white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio are good predictor of heart failure in patients with STEMI. So these parameters can be used to stratify high risk patients and can help in early identification and management of high risk patients Keywords: heart failure, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, white cell count, ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.
Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of pregnant women in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Maqbool Saadia , Manzoor Iram , Farman Tayyaba , Arshad Tayyaba , Fatima Zaib , Arshad Usama
Published: November 2022

Background: Maternal depression and anxiety can predispose the women to higher risk of complications. The COVID-19 pandemic is a unique stressor which may affect the mental and psychological well-being of pregnant women. Aim: To determine prevalence of depression and anxiety and related factors in pregnant women during COVID-19. Methods: This multicenter analytical cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2021 to December 2021 in six cities of Pakistan. Two stage sampling technique was used to include sample of 400 pregnant women. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Corona virus Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used to measure depression and anxiety level along with self-constructed questionnaire to record socio-demographic profile. Data entry and analysis was done in SPSS version 23. Association between variables was assessed by applying Chi square test and strength of association was measured by binary logistic regression. p-value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Mean age of participants was 27.25±5.22 years. The mean gestational age was 23.5±9.6 weeks. About 37.1% had mild depression. Moderate depression was found in 7.8% and moderately severe depression in 0.5% participants. Significant association was found between depression and no physical activity (p value=0.02), not having spouse support (p value=0.03), perceived vulnerability to get COVID (p value=0.004) and fear of infection to baby (p value=0.05). Only 3.25% participants had dysfunctional anxiety. Conclusion: Findings of the study would be helpful for policy makers to launch health awareness campaigns about regular physical activity, role of social support and seeking medical advice for mental well-being during pregnancy. Keywords: COVID-19, Anxiety, Depression, Mental health, Pregnancy
Frequency of Various Etiological Causes of Intestinal Obstruction in Children
Authors: Farooq Aamir , Malik Maria , Hayat Azhar , Abbas Misbah
Published: November 2022

Aim: To determine the frequency of causes of intestinal obstruction among children. Study design: This is a cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted in Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital Sialkot. Study was completed in six months duration from January 2022 to June 2022. Methodology: Children with age <12 years admitted in the department of pediatrics and undergoing exploratory laparotomy for intestinal obstruction and fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in this study. On exploratory laparotomy causes of intestinal obstruction were noted like adhesions, intussusceptions, round worms and obstructed hernia. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Percentages, means and standard deviations were determined. Results: Total 170 cases were studied including 107(62.9%) males and 63(37.1%) females. Range of the ages was one month to 12 years with mean age of 4.37±2.6 years. Most common cause of intestinal; obstruction was adhesions followed by intussusception found in 71(41.7%) and 55(32.3%) cases respectively. Conclusion: Frequency of etiological causes of intestinal obstruction varies in different age groups in children, however adhesions are most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children, while intussusception is second most common cause. Key words: Intestinal obstruction, Adhesion, Intussusception, Etiological causes, Children
Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasound in Predicting the Extension of Disease in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mudassir Asma Qamar , Qaisar Abdul Matin , Ali Sehrish Ahmad , Mehwish Wajiha , Saifee Humaira Zulfiqar
Published: November 2022

Aim: To assess the diagnostic performance of ultrasound in predicting the extension of disease in advanced ovarian cancer. Study design: Prospective observational study. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Islam Teaching Hospital, Sialkot from 1st July 2020 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: Fifty-nine patients were enrolled and each patient underwent ultrasonography preoperatively and was assigned a six Fagotti-score. Surgical removal of ovarian mass was done through laparotomy. Midline incision was given. Peritoneal washings were taken for cytology. Omental biopsies were taken from various sites. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed with bilateral oophorectomy. The ultrasound results and intraoperative extent of the ovarian malignancy spread were compared. The Cohen’s Kappa results were interpreted. Results: The mean age was 51.5±5.2 years. The range of Cohens Kappa was 0.7 in cases of carcinomatosis presented on the smaller/larger bowel. The predictive agreement value between the ultrasound and surgical cases for Cohens Kappa was 0.75 and 0.73 with mean as 0.74. Conclusion: The ultrasonography can be used as an important tool in identifying the advancement extent of ovarian cancer. Keywords: Ovarian cancer, Ultrasound, Cohen’s Kappa
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) in Pakistani Women during Pregnancy
Authors: . Sania , Parveen Shagufta , Zia Uzma , Unar Fouzia , Ahmed Masood
Published: November 2022

Aim: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of restless leg syndrome (RLS) in Pakistani women during pregnancy. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Gambat from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients information were collected by interviewing them to assess and document data related to factors associated with their RLS. Four criteria were used for diagnosis RLS based on related literature reference. The severity condition was assessed with the ten items with rating as five points starting from none to v. severe. Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to analyses day time sleep while quality of sleep was analyzed by using Pittsburgh-Sleep Quality-Index. Results: Obesity was presented as highest comorbidity with 56.6% of prevalence in RLS pregnant women followed by hypertension. Within the RLS pregnant women it was observed that majority were taking tea with a prevalence of 61% while 36% were consuming coffee as well. The univariant analysis showed that third trimester, depression and parity were significant factors associated with the RLS during pregnancy. Conclusion: Restless leg syndrome is associated with factors as third trimester, poor quality of sleep, depression and parity while depression and hypertension were also seemed to carry a substantial role in development of RLS. Keywords: Third trimester, inactivity, pregnancy, prevalence, serotonin
Urology Residents’ Perspectives on the In-House On-Call Systems: A Study in an Accredited Academic Center
Authors: Khalil Ibrahim A. , Ibrahim Tarek , Aldeeb Maya , Mohamed Ahmed , Ben Salah Rym , Aboumarzouk Omar M. , Al-Naimi Abdulla
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Medical education and training are crucial in maintaining patients’ safety and improving patient care quality. Multiple studies have evaluated the effects of restrictive policies on the resident's quality of life and education. Due to the compiling data and the fact that these trials evaluated programs with a substantial number of residents, it remains uncertain whether these conclusions can be extended to urology programs with a small number of residents. Multiple on-call systems have been adopted in residency programs across the world. This study evaluated the residents’ quality of life, clinical experience, and education upon transitioning from 24-hour to 12-hour in-house on-call systems.

Methods and materials: In this observational and questionnaire-based study, the effect of the transition from 24-hour to 12-hour in-house on-call systems was compared in terms of the resident's quality of life and education, surgical case volume, and working hours’ rules compliance.

Quality of life and education: We adopted a validated survey based on a 5-point Likert scale to assess the residents’ perception of the transition to a 12-hour on-call system on their quality of life and education.

Surgical case volume: We extracted the number of cases the residents operated on from the operating theater database at our institution.

Working hours: compliance and violations: The weekly working hours, compliance, and violations per ACGME-I rules were collected from the MedHub platform.

Results: Quality of life and education: Residents rated the 12-hour on-call system superior in terms of quality of life, education, and surgical case volume.

Surgical case volume: There was a 45% increment in the surgical case volume (p = 0.04) with the 12-hour on-call system.

Working hours: compliance and violations

There was no significant difference in the mean weekly working hours (p = 0.1). However, the total number of duty hours violations decreased in the 12-hour on-call system.

Conclusion: The 12-hour system is a better alternative to the 24-hour system in terms of the resident's quality of life, education, surgical case volume, and compliance with duty hour rules.
La vivienda social de desarrollo progresivo en una perspectiva regionalizada
Authors: Sepúlveda Mellado Orlando , Carrasco Pérez Gustavo
Published: November 2022

[Sin resumen]
Vivienda social: tecnologías apropiadas y proceso de cambio residencial
Authors: Sepúlveda Ocampo Rubén , Toro Blanco Alejandro , Arditi Karlik Clara
Published: November 2022

Esta ponencia se nutre del desa­rrollo del primer año de la investigación "Tecnologías Apropiadas para la produc­ción, habilitación y funcionamiento de la vivienda social en las Regiones Centrales de Chile"(Financiamiento D.T.I. U.Ch. P. 2798 -8923) yde la participación del equipo de trabajo en el Subprograma CYTED- D XIV: "Tecnologías para viviendas de in­terés social", específicamente en el Proyecto XIV -1 : "Autoconstrucción : Cons trucción Progresiva y Participativa", ob­jetivo XIV -1-1 "Catalogación Evaluada de Sistemas Constructivos Consolidados en Latinoamérica adecuados a la Autocons­trucción y Ayuda Mutua". El propósito central es llegar a definir la incidencia de las tecnologías ca­racterizadas como apropiadas en el proceso de cambio residencial, llevado a cabo por el habitante en la transformación y construcción de su hábitat. La metodología empleada, en el nivel teórico-conceptual, clarifica concep­tos básicos y f ija las bases teóricas, en que se sustentan los instrumentos de registro y evaluación. En el nivel práctico-operativo, se da inicio á un inventario sistematizado de casos en el Area Metropolitana de Santiago, para su posterior evaluación y propuesta de Recomendaciones de Diseño. Los resultados de este primer año, apuntan a la clarificación de concep­tos, bases teóricas de los instrumentos e inicio de un inventario de casos.
La vivienda para el adulto mayor
Authors: Letelier Parga Sofía
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo fue extraído de una clase dictada en el Curso de Post-grado «Gerontología Social» en la Facultad de Medicina de la U.de Chile, Programa Vejez y Envejecimiento, Asignatura Enfoques Multidisciplinarios. Analiza los diversos aspectos a considerar en la creación y/o adaptación de recintos para personas de edad avanzada. Propone normas relativas a los servicios públicos ubicados en tomo al recinto; al diseño de viviendas, su iluminación; prevención de accidentes, de robos, de plagas, de incendios y sismos. Recomienda además, consideraciones respecto al sentido de pertenencia, de privacidad, disfrute y autonomía que deben tener quienes habitarán dichos alojamientos, así como también, la manera en que se costearía tal servicio.
¿Visión integral o acción integrada? Reflexiones para arquitectos que abordan la vivienda social
Authors: Letelier Parga Sofía
Published: November 2022

Se refiere a la definición que debería tener el concepto de integralidad desde un punto de vista conceptual y operativo, a objeto de alcanzarlo en la solución de problemáticas en el tema de la vivienda social. Define por ello, que un enfoque integral debe asociarse al concepto de integración, esto es, la convergencia de diferentes profesionales que desde ópticas diversas puedan abocarse a un objetivo de manera integral.