bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of particle–bubble collision dynamics in turbulence via clustering algorithms and microscale vortex enrichment analysis
Authors: Yang Xuesong , Liu Qinshan , Wang Yunlin , Zhou Bobo , Li Zhe , Wang Lei , Xing Yaowen , Gui Xiahui
Published: October 2024

The interaction dynamics between particles and bubbles in turbulent flow fields are crucial for optimizing multiphase flow systems. In this work, direct numerical simulation is combined with advanced K-means++ clustering algorithms to quantify the spatial distribution and enrichment effects of particle–bubble clusters under different turbulence conditions. The results indicate that the Stokes number increases with particle and bubble size, demonstrating stronger inertial effects, but decreases with higher turbulence intensity. Radial relative velocity and collision frequency also exhibit a positive correlation with size and turbulence intensity. Clustering analysis reveals that larger particles and bubbles form more pronounced clusters, particularly in high turbulence conditions, leading to higher local densities and interaction frequencies. Overlap ratios suggest increased interactions with growing size and turbulence intensity. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing particle and bubble sizes to match specific turbulence conditions, enhancing interaction dynamics in multiphase flow systems. This research provides valuable insights for improving various industrial processes involving particle–bubble interactions.
Numerical study on aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of sinusoidal wavy square cylinders
Authors: Bao Hongyin , Gan Lian , Liu Yu
Published: October 2024

This paper numerically investigates the influences of amplitude and wavelength of sinusoidal wavy square cylinders on aerodynamic performance and noise reduction by large eddy simulation along with the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings equation. The results show that the mean drag, lift fluctuation, and far-field noise of wavy cylinders are all reduced compared to the straight counterpart. The far-field noise of wavy cylinders varies monotonically with amplitude in a specific range but not with wavelength. The case with the largest amplitude demonstrates a significant tonal noise reduction of 47 dB/Hz, while a tonal noise reduction of 23 dB/Hz is observed for the case with the largest wavelength. To explore the mechanisms of noise reduction, the characteristics of a flow field are analyzed. It is found that wavy cylinders attenuate the transverse oscillation of a shear layer and produce more three-dimensional coherent structures in the wake. The wake region is significantly extended due to the delayed vortex shedding, and the mutual interaction between shear layers is remarkably weakened along the entire span. The spanwise coherence is attenuated in a similar way. These lead to the suppression of wall pressure fluctuations and turbulence fluctuations in the wake, which are closely related to far-field noise radiation.
GaN-on-sapphire JTE-anode lateral field-effect rectifier for improved breakdown voltage (>2.5 kV) and dynamic RON
Authors: Cui Jiawei , Yang Junjie , Yu Jingjing , Li Teng , Yang Han , Liu Xiaosen , Wang Jinyan , Wang Maojun , Shen Bo , Wei Jin
Published: October 2024

In high-power switching applications such as electric grids, transportation, and industrial electronics, power devices are supposed to have kilo-voltage (kV) level blocking capability. In this work, 1200-V gallium nitride (GaN) lateral field-effect rectifiers (LFERs) are demonstrated. The GaN-on-sapphire epitaxial structure is adopted to prevent vertical breakdown. To address electric field crowding, a p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN junction termination extension (JTE) is embedded in the anode region of the LFER. Comparing to the conventional LFER (Conv-LFER) fabricated on the same wafer, the JTE-anode LFER (JTE-LFER) achieves an improved breakdown voltage (>2.5 kV) and a lower dynamic ON-resistance (RON). The proposed p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN JTE offers a semiconductor-based solution (contrasted to the dielectric-based solution, i.e., field plate) to mitigate the high electric field, which is highly desirable for wide bandgap semiconductor power devices as it enhances the dielectric reliability.
An optimal transport approach for 3D electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Bao Gang , Zhang Yixuan
Published: October 2024

This work solves the three-dimensional inverse boundary value problem with the quadratic Wasserstein distance (W
2), which originates from the optimal transportation (OT) theory. The computation of the W
2 distance on the manifold surface is boiled down to solving the generalized Monge–Ampère equation, whose solution is directly related to the gradient of the W
2 distance. An efficient first-order method based on iteratively solving Poisson’s equation is introduced to solve the fully nonlinear elliptic equation. Combining with the adjoint-state technique, the optimization framework based on the W
2 distance is developed to solve the three-dimensional electrical impedance tomography problem. The proposed method is especially suitable for severely ill-posed and highly nonlinear inverse problems. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our method improves the stability and outperforms the traditional regularization methods.
Analytical expression for continuum–continuum transition amplitude of hydrogen-like atoms with angular-momentum dependence
Authors: Ji J B , Ueda K , Han M , Wörner H J
Published: October 2024

Attosecond chronoscopy typically utilises interfering two-photon transitions to access the phase information. Simulating these two-photon transitions is challenging due to the continuum–continuum transition term. The hydrogenic approximation within second-order perturbation theory has been widely used due to the existence of analytical expressions of the wave functions. So far, only (partially) asymptotic results have been derived, which fail to correctly describe the low-kinetic-energy behaviour, especially for high angular-momentum states. Here, we report an analytical expression that overcomes these limitations. It is based on the Appell’s F
1 function and uses the confluent hypergeometric function of the second kind as the intermediate state. We show that the derived formula quantitatively agrees with the numerical simulations using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for various angular-momentum states, which improves the accuracy compared to the other analytical approaches that were previously reported. Furthermore, we give an angular-momentum-dependent asymptotic form of the outgoing wavefunction and the corresponding continuum–continuum dipole transition amplitudes.
Quantum effect in a hybrid bose-einstein condensate opto-magnomechanical system
Authors: Imara Ziyad , El Anouz Khadija , Saif Farhan , El Allati Abderrahim
Published: October 2024

We present a hybrid opto-magno-mechanical cavity system consisting of an optical cavity that creates an opto-mechanical cavity with a fixed mirror, a magnon mode in a ferrimagnetic crystal linked to the movable mirror and an intracavity Bose–Einstein condensate. The mechanical displacement is coupled to the magnon by the magnetostriction force and to the optical cavity by the radiation pressure, and the latter is also weakly coupled to a Bose–Einstein condensate. We provide a strategy to measure and quantify entanglement using logarithmic negativity. In addition, we study the quantum or EPR steering in order to present the stationary quantum steering. We consider that all composite modes in our model are given in a Gaussian state described by a covariance matrix. In these studies, we focus on the interaction between the Bose–Einstein condensate and the magnonic modes in a ferrimagnetic crystal. It is important to note that we use experimentally controllable realizable parameters to observe the interaction of modes at temperatures in the microkelvin range.
XFEL SASE pulses can enhance time-dependent observables
Authors: Liane Eirik M , Simmermacher Mats , Weber Peter M , Kirrander Adam
Published: October 2024

X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) have emerged as powerful sources of short and intense x-ray pulses. We propose a simple and robust procedure which takes advantage of the inherent stochasticity of self-amplified stimulated emission (SASE) pulses to enhance the time-resolution and signal strength of the recorded data. Notably, the proposed method is able to enhance the average signal without knowledge of the signal strength of individual shots. Simple metrics for the probe pulses are introduced, such as an effective pulse duration applicable to SASE pulses characterised in the time domain using e.g. an X-band transverse cavity. The approach is evaluated using simulated and real pulse data in the context of ultrafast electron dynamics in a molecule. Utilising H2 as a model system, we demonstrate the efficacy of the method theoretically, successfully enhancing the predicted nonresonant ultrafast x-ray scattering signal associated with electron dynamics. The method presented is broadly applicable and offers a general strategy for enhancing time-dependent observables at XFELs.
Broadband spectral analysis of chiral nanophotonic structures at circularly polarized incidence using DGTD solver
Authors: Bao Huaguang , Peng Yan , Li Chunyu , Zhang Tiancheng , Ding Dazhi , Werner Douglas H
Published: October 2024

A transient circularly polarized excitation and its implementation in a generalized dispersive material model based discontinuous Galerkin time-domain solver are proposed for spectral analysis of chiral nanophotonic structures. The expression of a circularly polarized pulse with a certain bandwidth, which is real-valued and enables multi-physics and nonlinearity, is derived comprehensively. Numerical examples of nanophotonic structures are given in this paper. Such as reflection from metallic mirrors, transmission from S-shaped dielectric metasurfaces, and the spin response of C4 symmetrically arranged right-handed enantiomers. These examples demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the proposed method.
A position-based method for detecting orbital angular momentum modes
Authors: Zu Yue , Du Yongxing , Qin Ling , Li Minchao , Li Baoshan
Published: October 2024

Due to the inherent limitations of current orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode detection methods and constraints posed by the physical size of receiving antennas, accurately identifying higher-order OAM modes represents a significant challenge. Therefore, there is a pressing necessity to overcome these hurdles. This paper introduces a new approach to OAM mode detection that exploits positional information. Our methodology ascertains the OAM mode by examining the phase and position data of the electric field at any two randomly chosen points within the energy’s spatial distribution radiated by vortex electromagnetic waves. This innovation promises not only to precisely detect higher-order OAM modes but also grants greater versatility in the placement of receiving antennas. Moreover, the study delves into the correlation between the electric field phase of vortex electromagnetic waves, the azimuth angle, and the receiving distance. The validity of our approach is confirmed through both simulation outcomes and experimental data derived from physical tests.
Ultrafast thermal modulation dynamics during ripple formation induced by a femtosecond laser multi-pulse vortex beam
Authors: Du Guangqing , Ahmad Waqas , Yang Qing , Chen Feng
Published: October 2024

This work theoretically investigated the ultrafast thermal modulation dynamics during early formation of ripples on an Au film induced by femtosecond laser multi-pulse vortex beam irradiation. An extended two-temperature dynamics model that comprehensively considers optical interference modulation for the formation of seed ripples, transient reflectivity and non-equilibrium thermal transfer was self-consistently built to predict high-contrast ripple formation. The two-dimensional evolution of electron and phonon temperature modulations during ripple formation in a high non-equilibrium state of Au film were obtained via femtosecond laser multi-pulse vortex beam irradiation. It was revealed that ripple contrast can be significantly amplified by shortening the laser wavelength, increasing the pulse number, or enlarging the laser fluence of the vortex beam. Moreover, the electron–phonon coupling time during ripple formation is fully explored in detail. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing laser parameters for controlled high-contrast ripple formation on Au films.
Reconstruction of flame permittivity distribution based on ECT and Lp regularized D-bar method
Authors: Wang Chao , Jin Shuo , Guo Qi , Zhang Kexin
Published: October 2024

The measurement of flame permittivity is significant in obtaining the combustion state. A method of Lp
regularized D-bar is proposed in this article, which is used to reconstruct flame permittivity distribution by electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). Firstly, the distribution characteristic of flame permittivity is analyzed using the electric probe method. The simulation model of ECT flame measurement is set up based on the result of flame permittivity distribution. Then, the relationship model between the truncation radius of the D-bar algorithm and noise level is fitted based on the simulation reconstruction results of flame permittivity. The truncation radius of the D-bar algorithm for flame permittivity reconstruction is obtained by the relationship model. The Lp
regularization is introduced into the scattering transformation solving of the D-bar algorithm, and the simulation results of flame permittivity reconstruction under different p-values are compared. In the experiment, the reconstruction of flame permittivity by the D-bar algorithm with different truncation radii is compared. The experimental results verify the truncation radius strategy based on noise level. Moreover, compared with L
1 and L
2 regularization methods, Lp
regularization combined with the D-bar algorithm is more accurate in the experiment results of flame permittivity reconstruction.
Bayesian optimization of 7-component (AlVCrFeCoNiMo) single crystal alloy’s compositional space to optimize elasto-plastic properties from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Kurunczi-Papp David , Laurson Lasse
Published: October 2024

Exploring the vast compositional space of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) promises materials with superior mechanical properties much needed in industrial applications. We demonstrate on the 7-component alloy AlVCrFeCoNiMo system with randomly ordered atoms that this exploration of the compositional space can be accelerated by combining molecular dynamics simulations with Bayesian optimization. Our algorithm is tested on maximizing the shear modulus, resulting in pure Mo, an unsurprising result based on Mo’s large density. Maximizing the yield stress results in Co-, Cr- and Ni-based alloys with the optimal composition varying depending on the presence of defects within the crystal. Finally, we optimize the plastic behaviour by aiming for high stresses while minimizing the deformation fluctuations, and find that a predominantly NiMo alloy’s high lattice distortions ensure a smooth stress response. The results suggest that mechanical properties of 2- to 4-component alloys with optimized composition may be superior to those of equiatomic HEAs without short-range order.
Which shapes can appear in a curve shortening flow singularity?*
Authors: Angenent Sigurd B , Davis Evan Patrick , DeCleene Ellie , Ellingson Paige , Feng Ziheng , Gevorgyan Edgar , Lemmenes Aris , Moon Alex , Tommasi Tyler Joseph , Zhou Yamin
Published: October 2024

We study possible tangles that can occur in singularities of solutions to plane curve shortening flow. We exhibit solutions in which more complicated tangles with more than one self-intersection disappear into a singular point. It seems that there are many examples of this kind and that a complete classification presents a problem similar to the problem of classifying all knots in

R

3

. As a particular example, we introduce the so-called n-loop curves, which generalize Matt Grayson’s figure-eight curve, and we conjecture a generalization of the Coiculescu–Schwartz asymptotic bow-tie result, namely, a vanishing n-loop, when re-scaled anisotropically to fit a square bounding box, converges to a ‘squeezed bow-tie,’ i.e. the curve

{
(
x
,
y
)
:

|

x

|

⩽
1
,
y
=
±

x

n
−
1

}
∪
{
(
±
1
,
y
)
:

|

y

|

⩽
1
}

. As evidence in support of the conjecture, we provide a formal asymptotic analysis on one hand, and a numerical simulation for the cases n = 3 and n = 4 on the other.
Force-extension and longitudinal response of wormlike chains with single cross-link
Authors: Cui Mingyuan , Zhou Jianping , Li Kai , Xu Yan
Published: October 2024

Certain important biopolymers, such as actin filaments, are known to have cross-links at their interfaces, which significantly influence their mechanical properties. To explore these effects, the force-extension and longitudinal response of wormlike chains (WLCs) with a single cross-link under tension in two-dimension are examined using both analytical methods and Brownian dynamics simulations. The cross-link is modeled as a spring in the analytical method, and mode analysis is used to calculate the path integrals associated with the partition function. These theoretical results are then validated through Brownian dynamics simulations. Final results indicate that the simulation results are consistent with the theoretical predictions, particularly for situations involving large tensile force and short chain, which are prerequisites for the application of the weak bending approximation.
Analysis of degradation mechanism in polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors under dynamic off-state stress with fast transition time
Authors: Wang Yunyang , Jiang Zhendong , Zou Lanrong , Zhang Meng
Published: October 2024

This study represents the investigation into the degradation of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs) under dynamic off-state stress, with a focus on transition times as rapid as 1 nanosecond (ns). The study found that dynamic off-state stress with larger amplitude leads to more severe device degradation. Unlike previous studies, both the rising time (t

r
) and falling time (t

f
) of the pulse significantly influence the hot carrier (HC) degradation in the poly-Si TFTs. The on-state current degradation rate (ΔI

on
) after 104 s stress dramatically increases from 11.8% to 80.8% when t

r
decreases from 500 ns to 1 ns. When t

f
decreases from 500 ns to 1 ns, ΔI

on
also dramatically increases from 22.9% to 69.2%. Combined with transient simulations, the source of the carrier for HC degradation is clarified and consequently, a non-equilibrium PN junction degradation model modulated by accumulated electrons is developed.
Heat and mass flux dynamics of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow with unsteady rotatory stretching disk over Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium
Authors: Bayou Gizachew , Haile Eshetu , Awgichew Gurju
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the research is to examine a tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flowing in three dimensions (3D) axisymmetrically on an unsteady rotatory stretching disk over a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. First order initial value problems (IVPs) are generated from the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) through the use of similarity transformation and linearization. The Runge-Kutta sixth order (RK6) is utilized to solve the IVP system using the shooting technique and the built-in Python program ‘fsolve model10’. Articles that have already been published are used to validate the implemented approach. Graphs are used to examine how various parameters affect velocity, temperature, and concentration. Additionally, the behavior of heat, mass flux, and skin friction in response to different parameters is investigated. The study’s findings showed that as the Forchheimer number and velocity slip parameter increased, the nanofluid’s radial and tangential velocities decreased as well. As temperature and concentration slip parameters increase, correspondingly, thicker and thinner boundary layer structures are seen. The drag force in the tangential and radial direction behaves in the same manner. Both the rates of heat and mass transfers are initiated for an increase Eckert and Prandtl numbers and demotivated for power-law index number. The dissipation effect with radiation and chemical reaction plays a major role in heat and mass fluxes, respectively. The study can be used in various computer storage, coatings, lubricants, and coolants.
Non-intrusive identification of building loads using EDCA-ShuffleNetV2 with fused feature visualization
Authors: Yahui Wang , Zhehao Huang , Jie Chen , Jiangyong Liu , Yuhang Gao , Bote Luo , Lingzhi Yi
Published: October 2024

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) enables monitoring of appliance operation status and energy consumption without additional meters, providing innovative data support for energy management. However, current NILM systems still face challenges such as insufficient load feature information and low load identification accuracy. To utilize the load feature information and improve the accuracy of load identification more effectively, this paper first selects loads with high energy consumption and high usage frequency as the research object, makes full use of the load feature information through feature fusion, and converts the fused typical load data into an image through the Gramian summation angular field, and further carries out the identification of loads that still have similarity after feature fusion. Secondly, this paper improves the ShuffleNetV2 model structure by embedding an efficient dual-channel attention (EDCA) module in the basic feature extraction module of ShuffleNetV2 to enhance it to extract adequate load feature information. A residual structure is also introduced to mitigate the information loss and gradient disappearance issues of the model. Finally, simulations are carried out in iAWE and AMPDS datasets, and the load identification accuracy of this method reaches 99.35%, while the model parameters and floating-point operations (FLOPs) are only 3.28 M and 1.5 G, respectively. In addition, the improved EDCA-ShuffleNetV2 model has obvious advantages in terms of comprehensive model performance compared with other models.
Sky localization of space-based detectors with time-delay interferometry
Authors: Jiang Tong , Gong Yungui , Lu Xuchen
Published: October 2024

The accurate sky localization of gravitational wave (GW) sources is an important
scientific goal for space-based GW detectors. The main differences between future space-based GW
detectors, such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), Taiji, and TianQin, include the
time-changing orientation of the detector plane, the arm length, the orbital period of the
spacecraft and the noise curve. Because of the effects of gravity on three spacecraft, it is
impossible to maintain the equality of the arm length, so the time-delay interferometry (TDI)
method is needed to cancel out the laser frequency noise for space-based GW detectors. Extending
previous work based on equal-arm Michelson interferometer, we explore the impacts of different
first-generation TDI combinations and detector's constellations on the sky localization for
monochromatic sources. We find that the sky localization power is almost unaffected by the
inclusion of the TDI Michelson (X, Y, Z) combination in the analysis. We also find that the
variation in the sky localization power for different TDI combinations is entirely driven by the
variation in the sensitivities of these combinations. For the six particular TDI combinations
studied, the Michelson (X, Y, Z) combination is the best for source localization.
Cutting corners: hypersphere sampling as a new standard for cosmological emulators
Authors: Nygaard Andreas , Holm Emil Brinch , Hannestad Steen , Tram Thomas
Published: October 2024

Cosmological emulators of observables such as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) spectra and matter power spectra commonly use training data sampled from a Latin hypercube. This method often incurs high computational costs by covering less relevant parts of the parameter space, especially in high dimensions where only a small fraction of the parameter space yields a significant likelihood.

In this paper, we make use of hypersphere sampling, which instead concentrates sample points in regions with higher likelihoods, significantly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of emulators. A novel algorithm for sampling within a high-dimensional hyperellipsoid aligned with axes of correlation in the cosmological parameters is presented. This method focuses the distribution of training data points on areas of the parameter space that are most relevant to the models being tested, thereby avoiding the computational redundancies common in Latin hypercube approaches.

Comparative analysis using the connect emulation tool demonstrates that hypersphere sampling can achieve similar or improved emulation precision with more than an order of magnitude fewer data points and thus less computational effort than traditional methods. This was tested for both the ΛCDM model and a 5-parameter extension including Early Dark Energy, massive neutrinos, and additional ultra-relativistic degrees of freedom. Our results suggest that hypersphere sampling holds potential as a more efficient approach for cosmological emulation, particularly suitable for complex, high-dimensional models.
Variational quantum algorithm for designing quantum information maskers*
Authors: Li Jin-Ze , Wang Ming-Hao , Zhou Bin
Published: October 2024

Since the concept of quantum information masking was proposed by Modi et al (2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 230 501), many interesting and significant results have been reported, both theoretically and experimentally. However, designing a quantum information masker is not an easy task, especially for larger systems. In this paper, we propose a variational quantum algorithm to resolve this problem. Specifically, our algorithm is a hybrid quantum–classical model, where the quantum device with adjustable parameters tries to mask quantum information and the classical device evaluates the performance of the quantum device and optimizes its parameters. After optimization, the quantum device behaves as an optimal masker. The loss value during optimization can be used to characterize the performance of the masker. In particular, if the loss value converges to zero, we obtain a perfect masker that completely masks the quantum information generated by the quantum information source, otherwise, the perfect masker does not exist and the subsystems always contain the original information. Nevertheless, these resulting maskers are still optimal. Quantum parallelism is utilized to reduce quantum state preparations and measurements. Our study paves the way for wide application of quantum information masking, and some of the techniques used in this study may have potential applications in quantum information processing.
Optimizing circular rotations in confined systems via enhanced self-driven speed of active nematics
Authors: Tang Tian , Ren Chun-lai , Ma Yu-qiang
Published: October 2024

Active matter exhibits collective motions at various scales. Geometric confinement has been identified as an effective way to control and manipulate active fluids, with much attention given to external factors. However, the impact of the inherent properties of active particles on collective motion under confined conditions remains elusive. Here, we use a highly tunable active nematics model to study active systems under confinement, focusing on the effect of the self-driven speed of active particles. We identify three distinct states characterized by unique particle and flow fields within confined active nematic systems, among which circular rotation emerges as a collective motion involving rotational movement in both particle and flow fields. The theoretical phase diagram shows that increasing the self-driven speed of active particles significantly enhances the region of the circular rotation state and improves its stability. Our results provide insights into the formation of high quality vortices in confined active nematic systems.
Compensation of isotope ratio mismatch in double isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP/MS)
Authors: Tegegn Gizachew Betru , Yim Yong-Hyeon , Lee Kyoung-Seok
Published: October 2024

Exact-matching double isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP/MS) is widely used to characterize reference materials (RMs) in elemental analysis. In this technique, achieving exactly matching isotope ratios for the sample and calibration blends is regarded as an important prerequisite for obtaining accurate measurement results. However, meeting this condition requires multiple time-consuming iterative measurements. In the current study, an alternative approach that can avoid lengthy iterative procedures while maintaining the accuracy of the ID-ICP/MS results was successfully investigated. We examined the effects of an extensively wide range of inexact-matching isotope ratios (approximately 75%–130%) in double ID-ICP/MS for elements with a wide mass range. Our experimental study, using gravimetrically prepared samples of Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, demonstrated that, despite deliberately introducing mismatching of isotope ratios, the accuracy of the ID-ICP/MS results remained consistent with relative measurement bias of typically less than 0.5%. The absence of a systematic bias due to deviations in the sample blend isotope ratios from the target ratios of the calibration blends revealed that the variability due to an isotope ratio mismatch was sufficiently compensated for. Furthermore, the expanded measurement uncertainties were sufficiently small with negligible variations observed across the different matching ratios. Typically, they were less than 1%, except for Fe, Hg, Pb, and Zn which were less than 2%. This assertion is also supported by theoretically calculated error magnification factors. Consequently, it is feasible to directly utilize the marginally estimated mass fraction of the analyte of interest without extensive iterative measurements. The findings of this study provide robust data for ID-ICP/MS, allowing to circumvent lengthy iterative procedures while maintaining the accuracy and precision of the measurement results, particularly in the characterization of RMs for elemental analysis.
Spectral methods of identification of structural transformations in particles of polymineral complexes
Authors: Chetverikova A G , Kanygina O N , Sadykov A R , Makarov V N
Published: October 2024

In recent years, new deposits of polymineral complexes have been actively discovered and are beginning to be developed in the Orenburg region of Russia. Knowledge of the structural features of such heterogeneous systems will help provide a controlled structural evolution. Such studies will help shorten the time needed for the introduction of raw materials into production processes of functional ceramics. A selection of physical and chemical methods has been chosen to analyze natural polymineral complexes in order to understand the temperature evolution of their phase composition and structural transformations. The polymineral complexes from deposits in the Orenburg region of Russia are known to be fusible. Infrared spectroscopy and diffractometry methods have been used to identify six to ten crystalline phases in the studied objects. The main phases have been identified as follows: quartz, calcite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, clinochlore, and magnetite. Structural changes were induced by heating the sample to 1200 K at a rate of 10 K/min while recording derivatograms. EPR spectroscopy established that impurity centers have an ambiguous role in the evolution of natural mineral structures. They can both stabilize crystal lattices and cause distortions due to the Jahn-Teller effect. This is particularly true for layered lattices that contain octahedral motifs with a central impurity ion. It has been demonstrated that impurity centers Fe3+and Mn2+act as spin labels for structural transformations. As a result of the destruction of crystal components, these impurity centers form clusters with each other and become undetectable by other methods of analysis.
Exponential growth rate of lattice comb polymers
Authors: Janse van Rensburg E J , Whittington S G
Published: October 2024

We investigate a lattice model of comb polymers and derive bounds on the exponential growth rate of the number of embeddings of the comb. A comb is composed of a backbone that is a self-avoiding walk and a set of t teeth, also modelled as mutually and self-avoiding walks, attached to the backbone at vertices or nodes of degree 3. Each tooth of the comb has ma
edges and there are mb
edges in the backbone between adjacent degree 3 vertices and between the first and last nodes of degree 3 and the end vertices of degree 1 of the backbone. We are interested in the exponential growth rate as

t
→
∞

with ma
and mb
fixed. We prove upper bounds on this growth rate and show that for small values of ma
the growth rate is strictly less than that of self-avoiding walks.
Partial stochastic resetting with refractory periods
Authors: Olsen Kristian Stølevik , Löwen Hartmut
Published: October 2024

The effect of refractory periods in partial resetting processes is studied. Under Poissonian partial resets, a state variable jumps to a value closer to the origin by a fixed fraction at constant rate,

x
→
a
x

. Following each reset, a stationary refractory period of arbitrary duration takes place. We derive an exact closed-form expression for the propagator in Fourier–Laplace space, which shows rich dynamical features such as connections not only to other resetting schemes but also to intermittent motion. For diffusive processes, we use the propagator to derive exact expressions for time dependent moments of x at all orders. At late times the system reaches a non-equilibrium steady state which takes the form of a mixture distribution that splits the system into two subpopulations; trajectories that at any given time in the stationary regime find themselves in the freely evolving phase, and those that are in the refractory phase. In contrast to conventional resetting, partial resets give rise to non-trivial steady states even for the refractory subpopulation. Moments and cumulants associated with the steady state density are studied, and we show that a universal optimum for the kurtosis can be found as a function of mean refractory time, determined solely by the strength of the resetting and the mean inter-reset time. The presented results could be of relevance to growth-collapse processes with periods of inactivity following a collapse.
Synthesis and application of WO3/PVA nano composite for antibacterial and thermal insulation
Authors: Amir Muhammad , Asghar Muhammad Sajid Ali
Published: October 2024

Insulation of glass material is very important for sustainable environment in this real world without compromising its primary function. The aim of this research is to provide robust solution by synthesis the Nano Tungsten trioxide particles via the chemical precipitation method. Developed WO3 NPs Characterized by using x-ray diffraction for; crystal structure, compound composition, and average crystalline size. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) employed to analyze the shape and dimensions of the WO3 NPs. Explored the potential thermal insulation and antibacterial attributes by coating 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% concentration of synthesized WO3 NPs in polyvinyl alcohol onto a sodium silicate glass substrate (4 × 4 inches; 2 mm thickness) by using 50 μm doctor blade. WO3/PVA solution showed the antibacterial properties measure by agar disc diffusion method on gram positive and negative bacterial culture S. coli and E. bacterial culture and the obtained results after incubation were showing very minor zone of incubation as compare to previous studies. Thermal insulation of coated glass samples were increased with % of WO3 NPs concentration in PVA and validate by significant coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.985).
XCI
Authors: Olaya Aramo
Published: October 2024

XCI (‘X’ Contact Improvisation) is proposed as an ongoing practice as research process in the interstices of contact improvisation and queer sexuality practices. This article narrates the author's practice as research process with XCI, explaining why they are committed to this approach to CI, reporting some results, and offering a theoretical background. XCI researches how sexual intimacy is embedded in CI practice. It can offer some practices to acknowledge the occurrence of the sexual in CI spaces, making it present and accountable. XCI is proposed as a practice of non-violent queer sexuality that can foster sexual cosensing and somatic communication and relationality, and that could eventually destabilize performative, symbolic practices. XCI intends to help articulate a politically transformative language of flesh.
Something We Touch or That Touches Us
Authors: Greene Lisa Claire
Published: October 2024

Using a framework of neuroplasticity and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, this chapter explores a beginner’s experience of Contact Improvisation (CI) and how it affects the mind and body over time. It makes use of personal anecdotes, data around perceptual systems, and an intersectional history of CI to hash out how this dance form affects dancers and how an informed use of these trends can contribute to an overall practice. The chapter includes the experience of writing the chapter in real time and how the process was complicated by a myopic exposure to the history of CI, participation in residency at Oberlin College, as well as attending the CI @ 50 festival in 2022.
Pulse Pressure and Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes by Age in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC)
Authors: Fischman Clara J , Townsend Raymond R , Cohen Debbie L , Rahman Mahboob , Weir Matthew R , Juraschek Stephen P , South Andrew M , Appel Lawrence J , Drawz Paul , Cohen Jordana B ,   the CRIC Study Investigators, Anderson Amanda H , Chen Jing , Dember Laura M , Go Alan S , Lash James P , Rao Panduranga S , Shah Vallabh O , Unruh Mark L
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Wide pulse pressure (PP) is associated with cardiovascular events and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to kidney failure. PP naturally widens with age, but it is unclear whether the risks associated with greater PP are the same across all ages.

METHODS

We used Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the association of PP with (i) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events or death and (ii) a 50% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate or kidney failure in the chronic renal insufficiency cohort (CRIC). We evaluated the association of time-updated PP with these outcomes, accounting for time-updated confounders using inverse probability weighting.

RESULTS

Among 5,621 participants with CKD, every 10-mmHg greater PP was associated with a 6% higher risk of an ASCVD event or death (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.06, 95% CI 1.04, 1.08) and 17% higher risk of the composite kidney outcome (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.16, 1.18). Greater PP was associated with a higher risk of ASCVD events or death among participants in the lowest age tertile (21–61 years), but a higher risk of the composite kidney outcome in the oldest age tertile (71–79 years). While wide PP in participants that experienced the primary outcomes was predominantly driven by elevated SBP, PP remained significantly associated with the composite kidney outcome across all ages and with ASCVD events or death in the first age tertile when SBP was added to the Cox regression model.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that the mechanism by which PP is associated with adverse outcomes may differ by age.
Single-cell mosaic integration and cell state transfer with auto-scaling self-attention mechanism
Authors: Rong Zhiwei , Song Jiali , Yu Yipei , Mi Lan , Qiu ManTang , Song Yuqin , Hou Yan
Published: October 2024

The integration of data from multiple modalities generated by single-cell omics technologies is crucial for accurately identifying cell states. One challenge in comprehending multi-omics data resides in mosaic integration, in which different data modalities are profiled in different subsets of cells, as it requires simultaneous batch effect removal and modality alignment. Here, we develop Multi-omics Mosaic Auto-scaling Attention Variational Inference (mmAAVI), a scalable deep generative model for single-cell mosaic integration. Leveraging auto-scaling self-attention mechanisms, mmAAVI can map arbitrary combinations of omics to the common embedding space. If existing well-annotated cell states, the model can perform semisupervised learning to utilize existing these annotations. We validated the performance of mmAAVI and five other commonly used methods on four benchmark datasets, which vary in cell numbers, omics types, and missing patterns. mmAAVI consistently demonstrated its superiority. We also validated mmAAVI's ability for cell state knowledge transfer, achieving balanced accuracies of 0.82 and 0.97 with less 1% labeled cells between batches with completely different omics. The full package is available at https://github.com/luyiyun/mmAAVI.
Association of childhood obesity or weight change with early-onset follicular occlusion triad in children
Authors: Kim Seong Rae , Koh Seong-Joon , Park Hyunsun
Published: October 2024

Background

The effects of childhood obesity or weight gain on the development of early-onset follicular occlusion triad (FOT), which includes hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), acne conglobata (AC) and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS) in children, remain unknown.

Objectives

To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and changes in BMI and the development of early-onset FOT in children.

Methods

This nationwide population-based longitudinal cohort study included a cohort of 2 012 928 Korean children who underwent two consecutive health examinations at 30–36 months and 42–48 months of age, respectively, between 2009 and 2020. BMI and changes in BMI were derived during these health screenings. We performed multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to estimate the risk of early-onset FOT, including HS, AC and DCS.

Results

During follow-up, 1283 FOT events, including 143 cases of HS, 1068 cases of AC and 72 cases of DCS, were identified. Children with obesity had an elevated risk of early-onset FOT than those with a normal weight [FOT: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.84; HS: aHR 2.30, 95% CI 1.39–3.82; AC: aHR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07–1.73]. BMI gain was correlated with an elevated risk of early-onset FOT, particularly HS, whereas BMI loss was linked to a decreased risk of early-onset FOT, especially HS. Children who developed obesity had an increased risk of early-onset FOT (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.07–2.14) vs. those who maintained a normal weight. Children with obesity who reduced to a normal weight exhibited a decreased risk of early-onset FOT [FOT: aHR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17–0.96 (Ptrend = 0.02); HS: Ptrend = 0.05] than children with obesity who retained their weight.

Conclusions

Childhood obesity is associated with an elevated risk of early-onset FOT, including HS and AC. Weight gain is correlated with an increased risk of early-onset FOT, especially HS, while weight loss is associated with a decreased risk of early-onset FOT, particularly HS. Implementing purposeful weight-reduction strategies may be helpful in preventing the development of early-onset FOT.
Optimization operation strategy of wind–pumped storage integrated system participation in spot market considering dual uncertainties
Authors: Zhai Huijuan , Sun Yang , Tian Liang , Wang Yueping , Fan Yijun , Li Fanqi
Published: October 2024

With the gradual increase in the penetration rate of renewable energy, the multifunctional role of pumped storage is becoming increasingly prominent, and the joint operation of “renewable energy + pumped storage” is a current research hotspot. However, during the joint system operation, there are dual risks from internal (renewable energy output) and external (market prices) factors, which significantly impact the system’s overall revenue. Therefore, an analysis is conducted around the operational mechanism of the “wind power–pumped storage” joint operation, and the uncertain factors faced during the system’s operation are identified. Second, an optimization model for wind power–pumped storage under deterministic scenarios is constructed, employing robust optimization theory and information gap decision theory to describe the uncertainty of electricity prices and wind power, thus forming a hybrid of the information gap decision theory and the robust optimization model for wind power–pumped storage. Finally, the results show that: (1) The total revenue of the model proposed in the paper has increased by 2.36% compared to the robust optimization model and by 9.04% compared to the deterministic model, significantly enhancing the model’s robustness and risk resistance capabilities. (2) From the perspective of the economic feasibility of different energy storage system configurations, the wind plant equipped with pumped storage has the highest economic feasibility, with an internal rate of return of 9.8% and net present value of 872 million Chinese Yuan, which is higher than that of compressed air energy storage and electrochemical energy storage systems. (3) Decision makers can set the risk deviation coefficient and the uncertainty budget according to their risk preferences, thereby changing the robustness of the model for differentiated decision making. However, an increase in the uncertainty budget coefficient will cause the total revenue of the joint operation system first to increase and then decrease, with the maximum revenue achievable within the range of 500–625; the total revenue reaches its maximum when the risk deviation coefficient is between 0.1 and 0.125.
Rapid improvement in refractory acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau with spesolimab injection
Authors: He Yong , Xiong Jingshu , Zhang Mengli , Xu Haoxiang , Chen Hao
Published: October 2024

We present the case of a patient with acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH) who was resistant to traditional therapies such as acitretin, ciclosporin and methotrexate, as well as secukinumab and ustekinumab, who was successfully treated with subcutaneous spesolimab, resulting in rapid resolution of skin lesions.
SNAr hexafluoroisopropoxylation of electron-rich aryl fluoride with a catalytic electrical input
Authors: Sato Eisuke , Nakahama Tomohiro , Mitsudo Koichi , Suga Seiji
Published: October 2024

Anodic oxidation–promoted SNAr reactions of electron-rich aryl fluoride were developed. The anodic oxidation of 4-fluoroanisole in hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol (HFIP) with K2CO3 led to SNAr-type hexafluoroisopropoxylation, and the reaction was completed with a catalytic electrical input. The results of cyclic voltammetry suggest that the radical cation of 4-fluoroanisole, which would react with the alkoxide of HFIP, is generated. Electron transfer between the intermediate and the starting material constructs the catalytic cycle, and the elimination of fluoride from the Meisenheimer complex produces the desired compound.