bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kant and the Forms of Realism (Translated by M. Evstigneev)
Authors: Heidemann Dietmar
Published: September 2021

Realism takes many forms.
The aim of this paper is to show that the “Critique of Pure Reason” is the founding document of realism and that to the present-day Kant’s discussion of realism has shaped the theoretical landscape of the debates over realism. Kant not only invents the now common philosophical term ‘realism’. He also lays out the theoretical topography of the forms of realism that still frames our understanding of philosophical questions concerning reality. The paper explores this by analysis of Kant’s methodological procedure to distinguish between empirical (i.e. nonmetaphysical) and transcendental (metaphysical) realism. This methodological procedure is still of great help in contemporary philosophy, although it has its limits.
‘Coi libri o col mondo?’
Authors: Del Buono Bianca
Published: September 2021

‘With books or with the world?’

Alienation effects without disorientation in Viaggio e maravigliose avventure d’un veneziano by Francesco Contarini

This paper investigates the forms and effects of displacement in Viaggio e maravigliose avventure d’un veneziano ch’esce per la prima volta dalle lagune e si reca a Padova e a Milano, published anonymously in Milan in 1818. According to Luigi Catucci, the author is Francesco Contarini, who translated many travel books for the editor Sonzogno between 1816 and 1817: this would explain the noticeable intertextual dialogue between the Viaggio and other travel writings, both fictional and non-fictional. Some allusions to Vasco de Gama’s and James Cook’s geographical explorations reveal the author’s interest in travel as an anthropological experience, while quotations from Swift and De Maistre suggest a familiarity with the literary conventions and the most recent renewal of the European novel. 

From a theoretical point of view, the essay examines the interaction between travel literature, (anti-)novel, récit excentrique, and parody, in order to show that literary contamination works as an estrangement device. At the same time, this theoretical interpretation is evaluated (from an analytical and interpretative point of view) in relation to the narrative techniques through which Contarini expresses the alienation-effect of the first-person dramatized narrator, prompting a strong sense of disorientation in the reader (but not in the main character).
Tracing Italianness
Authors: Gloudemans Rachelle
Published: September 2021

Review of: Charles Burdett, Loredana Polezzi and Barbara Spadaro (eds.), Transcultural Italies. Mobility, Memory and Translation, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2020, 368 p., ISBN: 9781789622553, £95.00; ebook: 9781789622706, £95.00.
Turkish adaptation of the undergraduate nursing clinical evaluation form: a validity and reliability study
Authors: ARKAN Burcu , PEHLİVAN Seda , YILMAZ Dilek , VATANSEVER Nursel
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The study was conducted for the purpose of determining the validity and reliability of the “Undergraduate Nursing Clinical Evaluation Form (CEF)” in a Turkish sample. Methods: One hundred sixty-seven students enrolled in Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nursing participated in the study. Study data were collected via the Student Description Form and CEF. The Cronbach's α internal consistency coefficient was calculated for the reliability of the total scale. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between items and total scores. Results: In the validity of the scale, CFA was used to investigate the consistency of the scale with the original scale. When the fit indices of the model tested using CFA were examined, it was seen that the chi-square value was significant. When the Cronbach's α reliability coefficients were examined, the reliability of the form was found to be quite good in terms of domains and total score. The correlations between the items and total scale score ranged between 0.42 and 0.77. Cronbach's α coefficient was greater than 0.90 for each item. Conclusions: Undergraduate Nursing Clinical Evaluation Form is a valid and reliable tool that can be used in the Turkish culture.
The Impact of Informatization of Society on the Labor Market
Authors:   Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Yashchyk Oleksandr , Shevchenko Valentyna ,   Alfred Nobel University, Kiptenko Viktoriia ,   Taras Shevchenko Nataional University of Kyiv, Razumova Oleksandra ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Khilchevska Iryna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Yermolaieva Maryna ,   Poltava State Agrarian University
Published: September 2021

This article examines the transformation of the labor market under the influence of informatization of society. It is noted that in the conditions of globalization and informatization of the nowadays a post-industrial society has been formed, in which information is a determining factor of production. New opportunities and challenges of the labor market in the conditions of information society development are analyzed. The informatization of society changes the conditions, nature and forms of work. Extensive digitalization, the use of cloud technologies and artificial intelligence systems are displacing traditional forms of employment towards teleworking, which makes workers more mobile and able to optimize working hours. It is established that the spread of technology increases the efficiency of the recruitment and searching job processes. Informatization of society contributes to the creation of a digital labor market, which forms the demand and supply of information and computer technology workers. In the context of informatization of society, the labor market is characterized by an imbalance between supply and demand of labor due to structural changes in the economy. Among the challenges of the labor market are rising unemployment in the raw materials industries, robotics and automation of routine manual labor. The digitalization of the economy leads to the need to adjust government regulation of business and provide social guarantees for employees. It is noted that the informatization of society provides more benefits to the labor market than obstacles. Solving the problems it raises, promotes progress and economic development.
Region turystyczny — nowa treść w starej formie?
Authors: Bachvarov Marin
Published: September 2021

Artykuł jest próbą wyjaśnienia treści i możliwości aplikacyjnych regionalizacji turystycznej na tle dorobku teoretycznego w tej dziedzinie. Analizowane są w nim zarówno specyficzne cechy regionu turystycznego, jak i wzajemne odniesienia regionu do terytorialnego systemu rekreacyjno-turystycznego. Region turystyczny jest jednocześnie tworem gałęziowym i funkcjonalnym. Podjęte zostały zagadnienia delimitacji regionu turystycznego i krótko przedstawiono problemy regionalizacji w polskiej literaturze specjalistycznej. Autor próbuje też odpowiedzieć na pytanie, dlaczego regionalizacja turystyczna nie cieszy się zainteresowaniem specjalistów?
Region turystyczny
Authors: Liszewski Stanisław
Published: September 2021

Po omówieniu dotychczasowego dorobku naukowego w zakresie pojęcia i delimitacji regionu turystycznego, autor zaproponował własną, oryginalną definicję regionu jako przedmiotu poznania. Podstawą tej definicji uczynił autor koncentrację ruchu turystycznego, a następnie wydzielił siedem typów funkcjonalnego regionu turystycznego.
Analiza atrakcyjności turystycznej powiatów województwa świętokrzyskiego za pomocą metody PROMETHEE
Authors: Lasek Mirosława , Nowak Ewa , Pęczkowski Marek
Published: September 2021

W artykule przedstawiono analizę porównawczą atrakcyjności turystycznej powiatów województwa świętokrzyskiego, przeprowadzoną za pomocą metody PROMETHEE, należącą do metod analiz wielokryterialnych, opartych na teorii grafów oraz teorii relacji preferencji. Kryteria decydujące o atrakcyjności powiatów podzielono umownie na osiem grup: przyrodnicze, zabytki, baza noclegowa, infrastruktura usługowa, dostępność komunikacyjna, infrastruktura techniczna, stosunki ludnościowe, finanse powiatów. Rozpatrywano 17 kryteriów oceny do analizy 14 powiatów, W wyniku jej zastosowania otrzymano uporządkowanie powiatów według atrakcyjności turystycznej, klasy atrakcyjności turystycznej oraz diagnozę „siły atrakcyjności” ze względu na przyjęte kryteria.
Region turystyczny w ujęciu ekonomicznym
Authors: Zmyślony Piotr
Published: September 2021

W artykule zaprezentowano koncepcję regionu turystycznego jako jednostki przestrzennej o ekonomicznym charakterze, opartą na pracach badawczych z tego zakresu z ostatnich 35 lat. Metoda wyróżnienia regionu turystycznego opiera się na analogii do wyróżnienia przestrzeni turystycznej jako rodzaju ogólnej przestrzeni. Wskazano także na możliwości zastosowania wniosków z przedstawionej analizy oraz problemy jej stosowania w przyszłych badaniach nad regionalnymi aspektami turystyki.
Percepcja przestrzeni turystycznej Polski przez studentów geografii
Authors: Podsiedlik Sławomir
Published: September 2021

Artykuł jest próbą określenia turystycznych preferencji przestrzennych studentów 1 i 5 roku geografii z 9 ośrodków akademickich w Polsce. Przedstawiono w nim modele turystycznych preferencji grup studentów zróżnicowanych wiedzą (rokiem studiów) i odległością, aby poznać rolę tych czynników w kształtowaniu wyobrażeń o przestrzeni oraz ukazano „subiektywną”, wyrażoną przez studentów strukturę atrybutów przestrzeni turystycznej (przestrzeni miasta i regionu).
« Chascun qui entre est entaiez ». Le mépris dans le Tristan de Béroul
Authors: Gorecka-Kalita Joanna
Published: September 2021

L’article analyse la place du mépris dans Le Roman de Tristan de Béroul. Dès son apparition dans la littérature, l’amour de Tristan et d’Iseut est l’objet d’une double perception : image valorisée du « martyre d’amour » d’une part, et d’autre part celle, nettement moins positive, d’une passion dégradante, voire méprisable. Il est intéressant de constater que le mépris n’apparaît pas seulement dans les œuvres polémiques, mais qu’il est au contraire bien présent déjà dans le texte-source, surtout dans la version de Béroul. Une étude approfondie des termes utilisés pour qualifier la passion (y compris ceux qu’emploient les protagonistes eux-mêmes), l’analyse du jeu de masques et des épisodes qui mettent en scène les situations particulièrement humiliantes, dans lesquelles se retrouvent tous les personnages sans exception, révèle un regard ironique et narquois de l’auteur, et met en valeur une tonalité parfois brutale, voire cynique, de l’œuvre. L’analyse s’organise autour des grands épisodes du récit : le « rendez-vous épié », le déguisement de Tristan en lépreux et le « serment ambigu » d’Iseut (le passage du marais).
Le mépris dans L’Heptaméron de Marguerite de Navarre
Authors: Krawczyk Dariusz
Published: September 2021

Le tableau des grandeurs et des folies, des exploits et des faiblesses humaines dans L’Heptaméron de Marguerite de Navarre ne saurait être complet sans l’évocation du mépris. Ce sentiment n’est jamais sujet principal des nouvelles, mais il se manifeste dans les actions et les jugements des personnages. Cette lecture du recueil met en relief avant tout le mépris comme une des marques de l’orgueil dans sa dimension nobiliaire, courtoise et évangélique.
Du « socialisme de cœur » zolien, ou comment être considéré en même temps comme « socialiste » et « ennemi du peuple »
Authors: Kaczmarek-Wiśniewska Anna
Published: September 2021

Suite à la publication de Germinal en 1885, la critique a classé Zola comme un écrivain « socialiste ». Le romancier lui-même a utilisé ce qualificatif plusieurs fois en parlant de son œuvre. En même temps, il ignorait la doctrine marxiste et était un adversaire déclaré de la révolution, ainsi que de l’égalité et du gouvernement par le peuple. Le présent article se propose d’expliquer quelques aspects du « socialisme » de Zola compte tenu de ses origines, ses expériences de jeunesse et l’évolution de son œuvre, ce qui permettra de comprendre le sens particulier que l’écrivain donnait à ce terme.
Association of rs266729 and rs16861194 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene with the risk of obesity in residents of the Moscow region
Authors: Pogozheva A. V. , Sorokina E. Yu.
Published: September 2021

Rationale: The contribution of the adiponectin gene polymorphisms (ADIPOQ, located at 3q27) in the residents of Nigeria and China to the risk of overweight and its association with the risk of arterial hypertension in the European population have been demonstrated.

Aim: To identify associations between rs266729 and rs16861194 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene with overweight and obesity in the Moscow region residents.

Materials and methods: Identification of rs266729 and rs16861194 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene was carried out in 222 people (140 women and 82 men, aged 25 to 65 years) living in the Moscow region. Genotyping was performed using allele-specific amplification with real-time detection of the results on the CFX96 Real-Time System amplifier (Bio-Rad, USA) and using TaqMan probes complementary to polymorphic DNA regions. To assess an association between these genetic polymorphisms and overweight/obesity, we performed a case control study, with the cases being subjects with body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2, and the controls those with BMI of < 30 kg/m2.

Results: The mean frequency of the minor allele G rs266729 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene in the subjects from the Moscow region was 26.8% and similar in men and women. Comparison of the CC and GG genotypes carriers of the rs266729 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene in men showed a statistically significant association of the GG genotype to the BMI value (p = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences between anthropometric indicators (BMI, body fat mass) in the carriers of different rs16861194 polymorphism genotypes of the ADIPOQ. No association between the studied polymorphisms and blood glucose levels and lipid spectrum could be found.

Conclusion: The frequency of the minor allele G of the rs266729 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene in the subjects from the Moscow region was similar to their rates in the Russian Federation and European countries. In Moscow residents, the rs266729 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene (G allele) contributes to the risk of obesity in homozygous carriers (genotype GG). No association of the rs16861194 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene with the BMI was found; therefore, this polymorphism cannot be considered as a genetic marker of the obesity risk.
Does turkey tail as an adjuvant therapy improve the quality of life of canine lymphoma patients?
Authors: Tong Jacqueline Oi Ping
Published: September 2021

PICO question

In canine lymphoma, does the supplement of turkey tail (Trametes versicolor) as an adjuvant therapy lead to a better quality of life than those that do not?

 

Clinical bottom line

Category of research question

Treatment

The number and type of study designs reviewed

One prospective case series was critically appraised

Strength of evidence

Very weak

Outcomes reported

The case series assessed appetite and activity level of the canine lymphoma patients. They also measured gastrointestinal toxicity and the incidence of neutropenia

Conclusion

This prospective case series is insufficient to support the use of turkey tail to enhance the quality of life of canine lymphoma patients. A controlled study is required to evaluate whether the use of turkey tail supplement is useful

 

How to apply this evidence in practice

The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.

Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Analysis on Factors Influencing Geography Teachers’ Ability in Constructing High-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Assessment Instrument
Authors: Suhendro Suhendro , Sugandi Dede , Ruhimat Mamat
Published: September 2021

The teacher's ability to construct assessment instruments is a focus that needs to be considered. Furthermore, the demand of the 21st century directs teachers to set questions that are oriented to train students' abilities in higher-order thinking. However, several factors affect the ability to construct HOTS-oriented assessment instruments. This study aims to investigate what factors influence geography teachers’ ability to develop higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) instruments to measure learning outcomes. This study used a survey method with a quantitative approach. The data collection technique was field observation, and multiple linear regression was used for analysis. The results showed the linearity of teacher education regarding the length of teaching geography was 0.904, the tertiary institution was 0.009, and the background of education was 0.019. Also, teachers' certification was 0.007, their training was 0.032, and their experience in making HOTS questions was 0.047. The coefficient value of determination R, namely 0.635 means the relationship between teaching length, the linearity of their education in tertiary institutions, background, certification, training, and experience regarding the ability to develop HOTS-oriented assessment instruments is 63.5%. This means the relationship is strong, and 36.5% is another factor. This study concludes that the factors that significantly affect the ability of geography teachers in developing HOTS-oriented assessment instruments are the linearity factor of teacher education in universities, education background, certification, teacher training and experience in making HOTS questions.

Keywords: Teacher ability factors; Assessment, Higher-order thinking skills

 

Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
Keberlakuan Pengaturan Landas Kontinen Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1973 Tentang Landas Kontinen Indonesia dan United Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982)
Authors: Irfansyah Achmad Indra
Published: September 2021

AbstractIndonesia has taken steps to adjust its laws and regulations regarding maritime law with UNCLOS 1982, with the establishment of Law Number 6 of 1996 On Indonesian Waters however, this step not yet followed by adjustments to the laws regarding continental shelf, namely Law Number. 1 of 1973 On Indonesian Continental Shelf. The purpose of this research is to analize the differences in the substance of the arrangements for continental shelf in UNCLOS 1982 and Law Number 1 of 1973 On Indonesia Continental Shelf to find out the effectiveness of Indonesia's international treaties with other countries regarding the continental shelf using the Statute Approach and Conceptual Approach. Indonesia must make adjustments to national legislation regarding continental shelf with UNCLOS 1982 because of Indonesian legislation regarding continental shelf still refers to United Nations Convention on the Continental Shelf 1958.Keywords: Continental Shelf; Natural Resources;UNCLOS 1982.AbstrakIndonesia telah mengambil langkah untuk menyesuaikan peraturan perundang-undangannya mengenai hukum laut dengan UNCLOS 1982, yaitu disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1996 Tentang Perairan Indonesia namun langkah tersebut belum diikuti dengan penyesuaian peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai landas kontinen yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1973 Tentang Landas Kontinen Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan substansi pengaturan tentang landas kontinen di dalam UNCLOS 1982 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1973 Tentang Landas Kontinen Indonesia sebagai sumber hukum mengenai landas kontinen di Indonesia, serta untuk mengetahui keberlakuan perjanjian-perjanjian internasional Indonesia dengan negara lain mengenai landas kontinen dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang (Statute Approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (Conceptual Approach). Indonesia harus melakukan penyesuaian peraturan perundang-undangan nasional tentang landas kontinen dengan UNCLOS 1982 karena peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia tentang landas kontinen masih mengacu kepada United Nations on the Continental Shelf 1958.Kata Kunci: Landas Kontinen; Sumberdaya Alam; UNCLOS 1982.
Keabsahan Pembentukan Holding Badan Usaha Milik Negara Minyak dan Gas (BUMN MIGAS)
Authors: Nauvaldy Moch. Faizal
Published: September 2021

AbstractA business entity is referred to as a state-owned enterprise due to the State's position as the majority shareholder and as the holder of control over such business entity. Various government efforts in terms of maintaining their position in State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) are carried out through restructuring or by forming new concepts in the form of holding companies. The concept of holding companies is a new concept that has not yet been regulated in Indonesian positive law. One of them is the government's efforts in developing the business of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) in the oil and gas sector. In the formation of oil and gas BUMN holding, this is done through several methods or stages that follow the provisions of positive Indonesian law on limited liability companies. However, not only that, the establishment of the holding of the Oil and Gas State-Owned Enterprises also needs to be reviewed from several other arrangements relating to the fact that there is no specific provision governing the position or process of forming the holding itself. Keywords: Holding; BUMN; Oil and Gas; Participation; Transfer; Transformation.AbstrakSuatu badan usaha disebut sebagai badan usaha milik negara disebabkan adanya kedudukan Negara sebagai pemegang saham mayoritas dan sebagai pemegang kendali atas suatu badan usaha tersebut. Berbagai usaha pemerintah dalam hal mempertahankan kedudukannya pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) dilakukan melalui bentuk restrukturisasi atau dengan membentuk konsep baru berupa holding company. Konsep holding company ini merupakan suatu konsep baru yang hingga saat ini belum terdapat pengaturannya dalam hukum positif Indonesia. Salah satunya yaitu usaha pemerintah dalam pengembangan bisnis Badan Usaha Milik Negara dalam sektor minyak dan gas. Dalam pembentukan holding BUMN Minyak dan Gas ini dilakukan melalui beberapa metode atau tahapan yang mengikuti ketentuan hukum positif Indonesia tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Namun, tidak hanya itu, pembentukan holding BUMN Minyak dan Gas ini juga perlu ditinjau dari beberapa pengaturan lain yang berkaitan dengan mengingat belum adanya ketentuan khusus yang mengatur kedudukan atau proses pembentukan holding itu sendiri. Kata Kunci: Holding; BUMN; Migas; Penyertaan; Pengalihan; Transformasi.
Fungsi Jaminan Sebagai Penentu Credit Scoring Dalam Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi
Authors: Pradipto Nalendra
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe growth of information technology or commonly referred to as Industrial Revolution 4.0 has given birth to a new idea namely Money Lending and Borrowing Services based on Information Technology. Peer to Peer Lending (P2P) Lending is a service that is much in demand by the public. The majority of P2P Lending financial technology providers do not require collateral. With this condition, OJK has issued a special regulation, namely POJK No. 77 / POJK.01 / 2016 concerning Money Lending and Borrowing Services based on Information Technology. Article 21 POJK No.77 / POJK.01/2016 states that the Operator is required to manage credit risk and operational risk. One risk management undertaken by the Provider is to use Credit Scoring to classify Debtors into certain risk grades. However, because the majority of P2P Lending does not require a material guarantee, the Credit Scoring factor other than collateral becomes very important. In practice, the Operator is often less selective about the classification of Debtors in Credit Scoring, resulting in many defaults.Keywords: Peer to Peer Lending; Financial Technology; Credit Scoring; Risk Grade.AbstrakPerkembangan teknologi informasi informasi atau yang biasa disebut dengan Revolusi Industri 4.0 telah melahirkan gagasan baru yaitu Layanan Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi. Peer to Peer Lending (P2P) Lending menjadi layanan yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat. Dari beragam Penyelenggara teknologi finansial P2P Lending mayoritas tidak mensyaratkan adanya jaminan kebendaan. Dengan adanya kondisi tersebut OJK telah mengeluarkan aturan khusus yaitu POJK No. 77/POJK.01/2016 tentang Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi. Pasal 21 POJK No.77/POJK.01/2016 menyatakan Penyelenggara wajib melakukan manajemen risiko kredit dan risiko operasional. Salah satu manajemen risiko yang dilakukan Penyelenggara adalah menggunakan Credit Scoring untuk mengklasifikasi Debitor ke dalam risk grade tertentu. Meskipun demikian karena mayoritas P2P Lending tidak mensyaratkan adanya jaminan kebendaan, maka faktor Credit Scoring selain jaminan menjadi sangat penting. Pada prakteknya Penyelenggara seringkali kurang selektif terhadap klasifikasi Debitor dalam Credit Scoring sehingga banyak terjadi wanprestasi. Kata Kunci: Peer to Peer Lending; Teknologi Finansial; Credit Scoring; Risk Grade.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pekerja Migran Indonesia yang Dipekerjakan Tidak Sesuai dengan Perjanjian Penempatan
Authors: Yulianita Rosalinda Chandra
Published: September 2021

AbstractBecoming an Indonesian Migrant Worker is one solution to reduce unemployment at home. But this has instead become a new problem. This relates to the lack of protection from the government due to the lack of coordination between the government and the private sector as a party that bridges Indonesian Migrant Workers and Employers. This is because of the many problems in the Placement Agreement. This is also because the Laws that have been made by the Central Government do not immediately have new implementation rules in accordance with what was promised. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze what sanctions will be obtained by the Indonesian Migrant Worker Placement Company if the Placement Agreement is not carried out also whether it is permissible if Indonesian Migrant Workers can work if it is not in accordance with their placement. To answer these problems, the authors use legal research with a Conceptual Approach, and Case Approach, and Case Study.Keywords: Indonesian Migrant Worker; Indonesian Migrant Worker Placement Company; Placement Company.AbstrakMenjadi Pekerja Migran Indonesia adalah salah satu solusi untuk mengurangi pengangguran di dalam negeri sendiri. Namun hal ini malah menjadi sebuah masalah baru. Hal ini berkaitan dengan perlindungan yang kurang dari pihak pemerintah karena kurangnya koordinasi antara pemerintah dengan pihak swasta sebagai pihak yang menjembatani Pekerja Migran Indonesia dengan Pemberi Kerja. Hal ini dikarenakan banyaknya masalah dalam Perjanjian Penempatan. Hal ini juga dikarenakan Undang-Undang yang sudah dibuat oleh Pemerintah Pusat tidak segera memiliki aturan pelaksanaan yang baru sesuai dengan yang diperjanjikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis sanksi apa yang akan didapatkan oleh pihak Perusahaan Penempatan Pekerja Migran Indonesia apabila Perjanjian Penempatan tidak dilaksanakan, juga apakah diperbolehkan apabila Pekerja Migran Indonesia dapat bekerja jika tidak sesuai dengan penempatannya. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penulis menggunakan penelitian hukum dengan Pendekatan Konseptual (Conceptual Approach), dan Pendekatan Kasus (Case Approach), dan Studi Kasus (Case Study).Kata Kunci: Pekerja Migran Indonesia; Perusahaan Penempatan Pekerja Migran Indonesia; Perjanjian Penempatan.
Non-governmental organization’s contribution to women small-scale farmers: A case study of Tchenzema ward, Morogoro, Tanzania
Authors: Massay Emmanuel Michael , Mujaya Majio Moshi
Published: September 2021

Tanzanian women play a vital role in the country’s development and industrialization. Tanzania’s agriculture is considered the country’s backbone, but women are the driving force behind small-scale farming. This study aims to identify the types of NGOs that support women, small-scale farmers, to investigate the effects of NGOs, and the challenges that small-scale farmers face in Tchenzema ward. The transition and growth model development theory, and patriarchy theory, were used in the study. The study revealed that poor transportation, crop illnesses and insects, lack of pesticides, price fluctuation, lack of energy, and high agricultural equipment prices are some of the issues faced by women small-scale farmers in Tchenzema ward. This study concludes that the lack of collaboration between the Tanzanian government and farmers causes farmers to only rely on NGOs. The government and non-governmental organizations need to support women small-scale farmers so as to solve the challenges, and raising the output, hence let the agriculture sector achieves its national aim of economic growth.
Evaluating the chemical and metal contamination of commercial Rakı, a grape-based alcoholic beverage from Turkey
Authors: Menevseoglu Ahmed , Cabaroglu Turgut
Published: September 2021

Turkish Rakı is one of the most consumed alcoholic beverages in Turkey. The chemical and metal contamination of alcoholic beverages is a threat to human health and lowers the quality of the product. Ethyl carbamate and furfural are carcinogenic to animals, and have been classified as Group 2A and 3 agents respectively by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Factors, such as raw materials, process time and storage, affect metal concentrations in beverages. Limits for chemicals and metals in Rakı have not yet been established by the Turkish agency. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical and metal contamination of commercial Turkish Rakı. Thirty-seven different types of Turkish Rakı were purchased from local markets in Turkey. Ethyl carbamate (EC) and furfural (FR) levels were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Arsenic, copper, lead, and zinc levels were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). None of the Rakı samples contained EC. Furfural was not detected in commercial Rakı samples but only in illegal Rakı samples. Ethanol and methanol levels complied with Turkish regulation. Our data shows that commercial Rakı from Turkey was contaminated by very low amounts of arsenic (<LOD–0.02 mg/L), copper (0.05–0.41 mg/L), lead (< LOD–0.03 mg/L) and zinc (0.01–0.39 mg/L).
Functional value of a talgan made from sprouted wheat and barley
Authors: Sumina A. V. , Polonskiy V. I. , Shaldaeva T. M.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the total content of antioxidants (TCA) at different stages of production of the Khakass national product talgan, made from sprouted wheat and barley. Grain crops were grown on the territory of the Bey district of the Republic of Khakassia, which is characterized by favorable climatic conditions from the point of view of growing grain with an increased content of antioxidants. To determine the TCA value in the grain, two solvents were used – hot bidistilled water and 70% ethanol. The TCA measurement was performed on the device "Color Yauza-01-AA". Among all the grain samples studied, higher values were recorded when using hot bidistilled water as an eluent. It was found that the germination process did not reduce the taste qualities of the grain product. The value of the TCA in talgan, made on the basis of sprouted barley grain, was higher in comparison with wheat by 34%. The effect of increasing the level of TCA in the product in comparison with the initial raw material after the stage of grain germination in wheat and barley, respectively, by 1.5 and 2 times, and after the stages of roasting and grinding by 2 and 2.5 times. The value of FSA in bran exceeded that in the original grain by 44 and 65% for wheat and barley, respectively. Thus, as a result of the research, it was found that regardless of the studied crop (wheat, barley), the process of germination of grain is one of the effective ways to increase the value of TCA in the talgan product made on its basis.
Optimization of the process of mixing liquid-phase heterogeneous products
Authors: Glagoleva L. E. , Zatsepilina N. P. , Kopylov M. V. , Rodionov S. O.
Published: September 2021

The leading direction in the field of nutrition is the creation of a range of products that contribute to improving health when they are used daily in the diet. The urgency of studying bovine colostrum-colostrum, which is an immune-modeling animal raw material, has been substantiated. Colostrum is a natural source of all the ingredients needed to build immunity. Biologically active substances contained in cow colostrum contribute to: restoration of immunity; restoration of the intestines and stomach; strengthening the nervous system; renewal of brain cells; improving emotional tone and mood; increasing vitality and performance; slowing down the aging process; protection against diseases of the intestines and stomach, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, diabetes, allergies, osteoporosis and a number of other diseases. Colostrum contains a minimum of 37 immune factors and 8 growth factors that help the body fight disease and promote good health and longevity. The classes of immunoglobulins contained in colostrum, which represent the bulk of whey proteins, have been studied. Colostrum is a limited source of raw materials, its production period is short, there are many opportunities for industrial use, but due to the small amount of raw materials, the market remains undeveloped, with the exception of food additives. Taking into account the extensive therapeutic and medicinal properties of colostrum, its unique composition and properties, its composition and physicochemical properties were investigated, the fractionation parameters were determined using various systems. To process the experimental studies, the STATISTICA 12 software package was used. To obtain the regression equation, the matrix data were processed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 software package. The analysis of the data obtained indicates the possibility and prospects of using colostroma in food production technology.
Grain crops extrusion process mathematical model at a non-isothermal flow of their melt up to the temperature of the Maillard reaction start
Authors: Afanasiev V. A. , Frolova L. N. , Sizikov K. A. , Ostrikov A. N. , Zobova S. N.
Published: September 2021

The equations of motion, the equation of continuity, the equation of energy (heat balance), the rheological equation were chosen to describe the non-isothermal flow of the cereals melt in the extruder as the initial equations. The following assumptions were made to solve the model: the flow of a moving viscous medium is assumed to be laminar and steady; the forces of inertia and gravity are so small compared to the forces of friction and pressure that they can be neglected; a viscous medium (melt) is an incompressible liquid characterized by constant thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity; the change in thermal conductivity in the longitudinal direction was neglected due to the fact that convective heat transfer in the flow direction is higher than the heat transfer by thermal conductivity; heat transfer in the direction perpendicular to the flow of the melt occurs only due to thermal conductivity. The numerical finite difference method was used to solve a system of equations taking into account convective heat transfer. Its essence of use lies in the fact that the considered area (extruder channel) is divided into calculated cells using a grid. The grid consisted of rectangular cells with a constant step between nodes, which exactly lie on the boundaries of the integration region. In this case, the differential equations were transformed into difference equations by replacing the derivatives at a point with finite differences along the cell boundaries. The mathematical model of non-isothermal melt flow in the extruder channel was obtained as a result of the solution. To solve a mathematical model of the process of grain crops extrusion with a non-isothermal flow of their melts, a program in the algorithmic language C ++ was compiled. A non-isothermal mathematical model of the process of extrusion of grain crops at temperatures of the beginning of the Maillard reaction, i.e., up to 120–125 ?, was obtained. It allows us to identify the nature of the temperature change along the length of the extruder. Comparative analysis of the results of the numerical solution and experimental data showed good convergence: the standard deviation did not exceed 12.7%.
Optimization of the process of compound feed pelleting for fur animals
Authors: Shentsova E. S. , Lytkina L. I. , Muraviev A. S. , Torshina A. A.
Published: September 2021

Currently, fur farming products are becoming more and more in demand. With the increase in the number of fur-bearing animals, it is necessary to produce compound feeds that provide high quality furs with minimal feed costs. Compound feed recipes with a fat content of 20% and higher were developed for fur animals. Feeding fodder in the form of granules produced by the technology, one of the stages of which is the process of granulating compound fodders with a high fat content with reasonable operating parameters of the granulator press, is expedient. Process studies using the method of statistical planning of a multivariate experiment were carried out to determine the optimal granulation parameters. The following factors influencing the process under consideration were chosen: the amount of added fat, the steam consumption, the gap between the roll and the press die. Specific energy consumption and crumbling served as criteria for assessing the influence of the selected parameters, which make it possible to assess adequately the efficiency of the process. The data obtained showed that the process of pelleting compound feed at optimal parameters makes it possible to obtain pellets, the quality of which meets the requirements of the standard. All the data obtained were within the calculated confidence intervals of the optimization parameters. The change in the quality indicators of the obtained granulated compound feed during storage was also investigated in the work. Changes in the quality of granulated compound feed during storage testified that the values of total acidity and acid number of fat increased significantly after two months of storage due to hydrolysis of fat in conditions of free oxygen access. The value of the peroxide number of fat, which reflects the depth of oxidative changes in the compound feed, increased sharply after two months of storage. The content of vitamins A and E during the storage of compound feed for 45 days in summer was 12.3% and 10.5% of the initial values, respectively. The recommended shelf life of granulated feed with a high fat content in winter-spring period is 60 days, in summer - 45 days.
Endurance product for sprinters
Authors: Shcheglevatyh A. N. , Ovechkin S. A.
Published: September 2021

Endurance in sprint running is determined by the runner's ability to maintain maximum high speed at a distance and resist its decline due to fatigue that occurs during running. At present, recommendations for the development of sprint endurance are mainly intended for athletes using various means and methods of sports training. The development of this quality in athletes with the use of nutritional improvement technology has mainly general recommendations. Thanks to the nitrate contained in beets, the body absorbs more oxygen and fatigue less during exercise, contributing to the aerobic process. The main task of our work was: to determine the indicators of endurance in sprint running (repeated running of 100 m segments 5-6 times with the determination of the average), and to substantiate the methodology for the development of this quality in athletes using the technology of taking probiotics. The experimental data made it possible to reveal the effectiveness of the applied methodology for the development of endurance in sprint running. Moreover, the greatest effect was achieved using the method of circular training, with the inclusion of the means of speed-strength training in combination with running, as well as repeated running of short and long segments (30-200 m), alternating in one lesson, with a gradual decrease in the rest intervals. The experimental group that took beet juice showed a higher endurance increase in an average of 0.5 seconds than the control group, which allows us to draw a conclusion about the importance of taking nitrate in beets and its positive effect on the endurance of sprinters.
Obtaining a combined epoxy-acrylic dispersion
Authors: Domnichenko R. G. , Vostrikova G. Y. , Nikulin S. S.
Published: September 2021

The current state of development of the economy of the Russian Federation causes the appearance of a number of urgent problems related to improving production and increasing the level of environmentally safe products, in particular paints and varnishes combined with high performance properties of coatings based on them. In this regard, the advantages and disadvantages of aqueous dispersions based on polymers in the presence of various modifiers that are widely used in the paint and varnish industry were analyzed. This article discusses the problem of stability conditions for mixed materials of epoxy-acrylic type and the establishment of a relationship between the composition of the film-forming base and the performance properties of coatings. The purpose of this study is to create new water-dispersion paints and varnishes based on mixed epoxy-acrylic film-formers for coatings with increased hardness, wear resistance, elasticity and adhesion. The analysis of the main types of water-based film-forming agents is carried out. It is proposed to use mixed systems of film-formers based on epoxy-acrylic dispersions. It was established by standard methods that by combining dispersions of acrylic and epoxy types it is possible to achieve a significant increase in the wear resistance of the compositions (almost 2 times) in comparison with the wear resistance of materials based on acrylic. The adhesion of coatings to substrates of various nature (except for brick) increases with an increase in the content of the epoxy component. In terms of performance, acrylic epoxy can be more effective than acrylic and can be used in humid environments. An increase in the performance properties of these materials in comparison with acrylate systems has been confirmed. It should be noted that an additional task in the development of any building materials is affordability. It is known that not all dispersions are cheap, for example, in the presence of silicone polymers, dispersions are expensive, so they are used only when necessary. To improve operational properties and reduce the cost of protective coatings, we proposed using composite materials, which included styrene-acrylic and epoxy aqueous dispersions. In the future, it is planned to create “smart” materials whose properties will depend on functional fillers.
Investigation of the properties of the brominated phthalate-containing system and determination of its application areas
Authors: Plotnikova R. N.
Published: September 2021

The structure of a multicomponent system including phthalic acid esters has been studied using the methods of infrared spectroscopy and proton magnetic resonance. The obtained spectrograms are analyzed, indicating the presence of peaks corresponding to certain radicals present in the assumed structure of the main organic compounds of the multicomponent system. The presence of bromine atoms in the radicals of the molecules that make up the phthalate-containing system is established. The structure of the molecules of the basic component of the brominated system is shown. Spectral studies have confirmed the classical model of bromine addition at the site of double carbon-carbon bonds in the phthalate radical. It is established that the brominated multicomponent physico-chemical system is represented to a greater extent by esters of o-phthalic acid. The solubility parameter of the system under study is determined by the calculation method. The solubility parameter 35.3 (kJ/m3)0.5 was experimentally confirmed for a brominated phthalate-containing system. It is shown that the Small formula used to calculate the parameters of individual substances can be used to estimate the parameters of complex multicomponent systems. Polymer materials with the minimum values of deviations in the solubility parameter with the system under study, for which ~±1.5, are determined. It is established that the system under study can be used as an effective plasticizer of polybutyl acrylate, polyisoprene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinyl acetate.
Technology for safe and energy-efficient storage of liquefied petroleum gas at strategic facilities
Authors: Shevtsov S. A. , Fetisov E. V.
Published: September 2021

A technology for safe and energy efficient storage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at strategic facilities has been proposed. A strategy for controlling the technological parameters of the process of condensation of LPG vapors and regasification of the liquid phase has been developed. The peculiarity of the technology lies in the use of a vapor compression heat pump as a source of alternative energy with stabilization of temperature regimes, preventing LPG losses and providing a given regasification performance when supplied to the consumer. The compressor of the heat pump allows to provide the required degree of compression in the operating temperature range in the heat pump condenser, and throttling of the refrigerant through the thermostatic valve ensures the stabilization of the required pressure corresponding to the set range of values of the boiling points of the refrigerant in the evaporator. The regulation of these parameters under conditions of random disturbances caused by external factors creates conditions for the complete condensation of LPG vapors of various compositions formed as a result of its self-evaporation, and also maintains the productivity of the regasification process in the range of specified values, regardless of the climatic zone. The proposed automatic control will ensure the accuracy and reliability of control by reducing the spread of controlled parameters, ensuring their variation in a given range, which is a significant reserve for the intensification of thermal processes while reducing the magnitude of the fire risk and increasing the environmental safety of the environment, including through the use of harmless, non-flammable, non-explosive refrigerant. The use of operational information from the control object to regulate the temperature regimes of condensation of vapors of liquefied hydrocarbon gas in the evaporator and its regasification in the condenser of a vapor compression heat pump within the specified values creates optimal conditions for storing and dispensing gas in large-capacity tanks with minimal energy costs.