Allium Sativum-Boon to the Herbal World
Authors:   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India-140401, Dhankhar Sanchit , Sharma Himanshu ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India-140401, Chauhan Samrat ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India-140401, Mittal Pooja ,   GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Rudraram, Patanchery, Sangareddy District, Hyderabad-502329., Mittal Vishnu ,   Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151101., Fidan Ozkan ,   Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Abdullah Gül University, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey., El Fadili Mohamed ,   LIMAS Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box  1796, Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco.
Published: January 2025

Background: For many years, people have utilized Allium Sativum as a spice, culinary addition, and natural cure for several common illnesses, such as earaches, burns, wounds, baldness, migraines, chest colds, dog bites, and insect stings. It is believed that minerals, protein, fixed oil, thiamine, ascorbic acid, and allin are responsible for the therapeutic benefits of Allium Sativum.

Purpose: This review covers the pharmacology, pharmacognosy, pharma chemistry, and other therapeutic aspects of this plant. Aside from its antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer qualities, allicin is a helpful treatment for cardiovascular disorders. To lessen reactive oxygen species (ROS), the antioxidant allicin inhibits the enzymes that oxidise NADPH. By engaging with various peroxidases, it can also directly lower the concentrations of various ROS within cells. As an inhibitor of cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it treats these disorders. Furthermore, it aids in the preservation of neurotransmitter balance in individuals with ADHD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Methods: Recent literature has been surveyed from PUBMED, Google Scholar, etc. like search engines, for summarizing detailed on-going on the phytochemical properties, biological activities, marketed formulations, patents and therapeutic potential of Allium Sativum (garlic). The search strategy included keywords such as “Allium Sativum,” “allicin,” “garlic therapeutic properties,” “neuroinflammation,” “antioxidant activity,” “phytochemicals,” “marketed formulations, ” “patents, ” and “drug delivery systems.”

Results: Allium Sativum offers broad therapeutic benefits, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and cardiovascular protection, making it a valuable natural remedy for various health conditions.

Conclusion: Allicin therapy can lessen the effects of metal-induced neurotoxicity in addition to enhancing cognitive function in neurologically ill individuals. Moreover, it may pass across cell membranes with ease. This molecule can oxidise the links that keep cysteine residues in proteins together and the thiol groups in glutathione. It is physiologically active. Aside from its antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer qualities, allicin is a helpful treatment for cardiovascular disorders. To lessen reactive oxygen species (ROS), the antioxidant allicin inhibits the enzymes that oxidize NADPH. By engaging with various peroxidases, it can also directly lower the concentrations of various ROS within cells. As an inhibitor of cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it treats these disorders.