bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of Toxic Malachite Green Dye Using Miscellaneous Agro-waste Derived GO: Isotherm and Kinetic Modelling
Authors: Negi Priyanka , Bhushan Brij , Nayak Arunima
Published: November 2024

Graphene oxide (GO) is an advanced material with copious applications in electronics, energy, storage and environmental remediation. Traditional approach of making GO from graphite can be resource intensive and ecologically challenging. GO is fabricated in the present study from agricultural wastes and subsequently used in removing the malachite green (MG) dye out from water. The fabrication method involves two steps of carbonization and a modified Hummer’s method. FTIR, BET, FESEM, HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy were conducted on the GO. The outcomes of these characterization analysis revealed the mesoporous nature of obtained GO with flaky morphology containing multiple oxygen functionalities on its surface. Batch studies revealed the high efficiency of the fabricated GO for the elimination of MG. The sensitivity of the adsorption process towards initial dye concentration, time of contact, amount of adsorbent and pH were also investigated. Under optimized conditions of 2g/L GO, 20 ppm of MG and at contact time of 60 mins, adsorptivity reached a maximum of 18.98 mg/g. Best fitting models were the Langmuir and pseudo second order. The high removal efficiency along with favorable prospects reveal the agro-waste derived GO as a potential material for the eradication of dyes from the wastewater.
NiO as a promising photocatalyst for wastewater purification: A review
Authors: Bhattu Monika , Acevedo Roberto , Alhadrawi Merwa
Published: November 2024

Water scarcity and contamination represent critical challenges in the twenty-first century, with only a fraction of the Earth’s water being suitable for human use. Various pollutants, including heavy metals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals, compromise water quality, leading to serious environmental and health issues. Traditional wastewater treatment methods often fall short in effectively removing these contaminants. Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising solution, particularly with the use of nickel oxide (NiO) as a photocatalyst. This review explores the fundamentals of photocatalysis, the unique properties of NiO, and its applications in wastewater treatment. NiO is a great option for degrading the organic contaminants because it has a suitable band gap for light absorption and effective charge carrier separation. The synergistic effects of NiO composites with other semiconductors, such as TiO2 and ZnO, further enhance photocatalytic efficiency. Recent advancements in NiO photocatalysis indicate its potential for large-scale applications, addressing the urgent need for sustainable water purification technologies.
Transforming Treacherous Terrains: Enhancing Black Cotton Soil Stability with Calcium Lignosulfonate and Marble Dust
Authors: Ramanjaneyulu Batchu , Manoj Tangudu , Kumar M. Ashok , Bommisetty Jagadeesh , Rao B. Naga Malleswara , Lavanya C.
Published: November 2024

Black cotton soil poses significant challenges in development projects due to its high compressibility, swelling, and low bearing capacity. To address these issues, an innovative stabilizing agent known as calcium lignosulfonate has been introduced into the construction industry. This agent aims to enhance the strength and reliability of soils, thus facilitating the construction of buildings and roads. Consequently, a laboratory study is proposed to evaluate the effects of calcium lignosulfonate on various soil properties including Atterberg’s limit, standard proctor compaction test, unconfined compressive test. The study involves testing different proportions of calcium lignosulfonate, ranging from 2% to 8%, along with the incorporation of 15% marble dust. This investigation aims to determine the optimal combination of stabilizing agents for effectively improving soil characteristics and it was observed that the stabilization method using calcium lignosulfonate and marble dust offers a promising alternative that is efficient and cost-effective.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and Graphene/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Composites via Vapor Phase Polymerization
Authors: Linkov Nikolay , Krishna PVVSSR , Chary Mudigonda Rathna , Deorari Rajesh , Pandey Sakshi , Kaur Namita , Aneja Aseem , Katoch Gaurav
Published: November 2024

Organic thermoelectric (TE) materials are interesting candidates for wearable energy harvesting systems because they are flexible and convert thermoelectric energy. Thermally conductive flexible thermoelectric generators (TEGs) built of these materials produce power from body and environmental temperature differences, enabling devices to run without recharging. The exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and environmental robustness of organic transition metal (TE) materials like PEDOT and graphene composites are becoming more known. Due to their synergistic link, PEDOT and graphene layers are appealing thermoelectric possibilities because they increase See beck coefficient and electrical conductivity. Vapor phase polymerization (VPP) may replace chemical or electrochemical polymerization for PEDOT manufacture. This method allows one to accurately regulate PEDOT layer electrical characteristics by altering thickness and structure. These PEDOT and graphene/PEDOT composites were made using iron (III) to sylate as the VPP oxidizing agent. VPP technique produces homogeneous films with better electrical conductivity than existing approaches. We tested the electrical resistance and Linseis LSR-3/800 Seebeck coefficient of PEDOT and graphene/PEDOT composites to determine their thermoelectric characteristics. VPP’s graphene/PEDOT composites have better electrical conductivity and See beck coefficient than conventional PEDOT, improving their thermoelectric power factor. These results show that VPP may be utilized to develop organic thermoelectric materials for lightweight energy collectors.
Diffusion and Interaction Studies of Dye in Agarose Hydrogel Enriched with TiO₂ Nanoparticles: A Temperature-Dependent Analysis
Authors: Venkatcharyulu S. , Haranatti Jagadish Shrisaila , Nautiyal Rishi Dev , Parashar Komal , Verma Vikas , Rathour Abhinav , Singh Jitender
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The objective of this work is to examine the interactions and diffusion properties of a conventional dye inside an agarose hydrogel that has been enhanced with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. The experiment is carried out at three specific temperatures (30°C, 40°C, and 50°C) and three varying values of concentration (0.2, 0.5, and 1 mg/g). Utilizing Fick’s equations of diffusion, we successfully calculated the surface concentrations (Cs) and effective diffusion coefficients (D) based on the experimental results. The influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on dye diffusion rates was shown by the observed drop in diffusion coefficients with proportional rise in the number of nanoparticles. Both the diffusion coefficient and the surface concentration have a propensity to enhance with an elevation in temperature. The results indicate that the distribution of pigments in hydrogels improved with TiO2 is controlled by temperature variability. The aforementioned discovery implies that the results might be used in controlled release systems, wastewater treatment, and materials research.
Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Kotov Evgeny Vladimirovich , Venkatraman Akila , Ballabh Jayanti , Sharma Dikshit , Dutt Amit , Bhatnagar Sanjay , Gautam Hemendra
Published: November 2024

The effect of different amounts of supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs) on the physical and mechanical characteristics of lightweight concrete is examined in this study. SCMs include Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS), and Silica Fume. Cube crushing strength, flexural strength, density and water absorption tests were performed on eight mix proportions. The current study also established that, when 20% Fly Ash was incorporated in the concrete as a replacement, the compressive strength was 30 MPa and the flexural strength was 4 MPa, the highest compressive strength of 32 MPa and the flexural strength of 4.2 MPa were however obtained when 20% Silica Fume was incorporated in the concrete as a replacement. In the present study only small increment in water absorption was recorded for mixtures containing GGBS and RHA while Fly Ash and Silica Fume shown relatively less water absorption than the control specimen. So, according to the results obtained Fly Ash and Silica Fume are good additives to lightweight concrete since the material becomes more stronger and durable and at the same time has low density.
Incorporation of Titanium Carbide Nanoparticles into Epoxy Resin Composites to Enhance Mechanical and Thermal Properties
Authors: KrishnaBhargavi Y. , Nautiyal Mansi , Sharma Pratibha , Singh Balpreet , Bhatnagar Sanjay , Puri Pooja
Published: November 2024

Titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles were included into epoxy resin composites to enhance their mechanical and thermal properties. Epoxy-TiC nanocomposites were produced using a solution mixing method, including different concentrations of TiC (0.5 weight percent, 1 weight percent, 2 weight percent, and 5 weight percent). The nanocomposites were then submitted to mechanical and thermal assessment. The results indicate that the addition of TiC nanoparticles enhanced the tensile strength from 50 MPa to 75 MPa, the flexural strength from 80 MPa to 110 MPa, and the impact strength from 10 kJ/m² to 15 kJ/m² at a TiC content of 2 weight percent. The initial deterioration temperature rose from 350 degrees Celsius to 375 degrees Celsius, while the glass transition temperature went from 120 degrees Celsius to 130 degrees Celsius. This led to enhanced thermal stability. A little reduction in features occurred due to the agglomeration of TiC nanoparticles when the concentration was raised to five weight percent. This study demonstrated that the optimal concentration of titanium carbide (TiC) for enhancing mechanical and thermal performance in epoxy composites is 2 weight percent. This suggests that these composites possess the capability for use in sophisticated engineering applications.
A Study on the effect of C3H8O3 and C8O7 electrolytes for electro chemical machine performance of titanium alloys
Authors: P Karthi , L Girisha , Rahul V. , Kannan L. Vadivel , Subbu LSP. , Aggarwal Saurabh , Bhamri Kamaljeet
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical Machining is a non-traditional machining process that uses electro- chemical reactions to remove materials from the workpiece. In this work , micro hole are produced on the titanium alloys with combination of C3H8O3 and C8O7 electrolytes and the machining parameters such as voltage , Duty Cycle , Feed rate and Electrolyte Concentration with different levels for measuring Material removal rate and overcut.Taguchi-designed L16 orthogonal array was used to conduct the experiments. The results revelated that highest MRR is achieved at a voltage of 14V, electrolyte concentration of 65g/L, feed rate of 0.3mm/min and a duty cycle of 65- 75%. the Higher voltage provides more energy for the electrochemical process, which enhances the electrolytic dissolution of the workpiece material. This increased energy results in a more vigorous dissolution process and a faster material removal rate, leading to a higher MRR. additionally, the observations show that the highest electrolyte concentration of 65g/L resulted in less overcut. This is because higher electrolyte concentration improves conductivity, ensures uniform current distribution, and provides better control over the electrochemical reactions.
The kinetics of tungsten adsorption from acid leaching solution of scheelite by anion resin
Authors: Yuan Wenwu , Gong Dandan , Yan Shuo , Zhou Hongli , Qian Hanlin , Zeng Bin , Ren Sili
Published: November 2024

The adsorption kinetics of tungsten from acid leaching solution of scheelite was investigated. The effects of solution pH value (3.0–9.0), anion resin dosage (1–6 g), contact time (20–180 min) and reaction temperature (20–60 °C) on the tungsten adsorption were studied. The results showed that the tungsten adsorption was practically independent of reaction temperature at the investigated range, while increasing with the increases of resin dosage and contact time, and the decreases of solution pH value. The experimental data agreed quite well with the Langmuir model, with the maximum adsorption capacities of tungsten is 347.34 mg/g at 20 °C. In addition, SEM-EDS analysis further revealed that tungsten was well adsorbed by the anion resin.
Cashless in Yogyakarta: A Study on the Intention of Cashless QRIS Mosque Donation
Authors: Utama Satria , Sofiana Ratna , Suwarsi Aqidah Asri
Published: November 2024

In the digital era, people are increasingly demanding digital financial services, including in the field of philanthropy, such as Mosque Donation. Purpose – The paper aims to investigate the Technology Acceptance Model towards the adoption of QRIS digital Payment in Mosque Donation among Muslim society in Yogyakarta. Methodology– The hypothetical model was tested quantitatively by collecting data from 225 respondents in Yogyakarta throughout surveys, and structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was carried out. Findings – This research found that 1) Perceived Ease of Use has a positive effect on the intention to use QRIS, 2) Perceived Usefulness has a positive effect on the intention to use QRIS, 3) Perceived Security has a positive effect on the intention to use QRIS digital payment. Originality/ Value/ Implication – Previous philanthropy literature only focused on Indonesian Muslims in General. However, this study observes the adoption of QRIS digital payment in philanthropy, specifically in Mosque Donation among Muslim society in Yogyakarta.
Fintech, Financial Knowledge and Performance: Factors That Support The Sustainability of MSMEs
Authors: Nugraheni Peni , Salpiah Neng Sri Yayu , Hamzah Noradiva
Published: November 2024

The use of technology in business can affect the company’s performance to survive in the long term. This study aims to determine the influence of Financial Technology and Financial Knowledge on the performance of MSMEs. Financial technology is measured using two proxies, namely automatization and alternative payment methods (APMs). This study uses primary data based on questionnaires distributed to MSME managers and owners in Kebumen District, Central Java, Indonesia using the purposive sampling method. Hypothesis testing uses SEM-PLS analysis with the SmartPLS application version 4.0. The statistical results show that APMs and financial knowledge have a positive effect on the performance, while automation have no effect on the performance of MSMEs. The results of this study are expected to encourage MSME management to improve their capabilities related to financial technology and financial knowledge to support business sustainability.
The Influence of Taxpayer Knowledge, Tax Sanctions, and Taxpayer Awareness on Taxpayer Compliance: Service Quality as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Roudlotul Janah Anisa , Dewi Wulaningrum Puspita , Parwoto Parwoto , Najma Adzikry Meuthya
Published: November 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of taxpayer knowledge, motor vehicle tax sanctions, and taxpayer awareness on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance, which is moderated by service quality. The primary data were obtained using a random sampling method. The population of this research is all taxpayers who use motor vehicle SAMSAT in Kebumen Regency. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires, which were distributed directly to residents in Kebumen City and people whom the researchers met directly who were required to pay motor vehicle tax at SAMSAT Kebumen Regency. The results of the questionnaire were processed using SPSS version 23 software. The research results showed that taxpayer knowledge and taxpayer awareness had a positive effect on taxpayer compliance, while tax sanctions had a positive but not significant effect on taxpayer compliance. Service quality significantly negatively moderates the influence of taxpayer knowledge on taxpayer compliance. Service quality positively moderates the influence of tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance. Also, service quality positively moderates the influence of taxpayer awareness on taxpayer compliance.
Business Sustainability, Internal Control and Accounting Information System: Evidence from Culinary Sector’s MSME in Indonesia
Authors: Fitria Nisrina Aqila , Jatiningsih Dyah Ekaari Sekar , Putri Caesar Marga
Published: November 2024

This research aims to determine the effect of internal control on business sustainability through accounting information systems as mediation variable. The research sample used was MSME managers in the culinary sector in Yogyakarta using a purposive sampling method. This type of research is quantitative research that uses primary data based on questionnaires distributed to respondents via print media and g-form links. Respondents in the research were 100 MSME actors in the culinary sector. Hypothesis testing uses SEM-PLS analysis via the SmartPLS 4.0 application. The research results show that internal control directly has a positive effect on business sustainability through its influence on the accounting information system.
The Effect of Village Accounting Implementation, Leadership, and Government Innovation on The Economic Empowerment of Village Communities
Authors: Rahmah A. Difa Nadiah , Yaya Rizal
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of village accounting implementation, leadership, and village government innovation on the economic uplift of villages in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi. This research was carried out on the village governmental structures in the province of South Sulawesi, specifically, Bulukumba Regency. The data were obtained through the administration of a questionnaire survey through purposive sampling and analyzed through multiple regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The study also established that leadership and village government innovation has a strong positive influence on the economic benefits of the village communities. However, the implementation of village accounting does not substantially impact on economic enfranchisement of village communities. Therefore, by examining the impact of village accounting implementation, leadership, and village government innovation on the economic empowerment of village communities, it is believed that the village government can use this research as a reference or measurement regarding the factors influencing the economic empower of village communities toward the village government.
Achieving SDGs: The Role of Independent Commissioners, Managerial Ownership, Audit Committees, and Profitability in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Wahyuni Fitri , Nurmalasari  , Ainy Rintan Nuzul , Rifandi Muhamad
Published: November 2024

This research examines the influence of Independent Commissioners, Managerial Ownership, Audit Committees, and Profitability on the disclosure of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. This secondary research uses quantitative data on 84 manufacturing companies that report sustainability reports from 2020 to 2022, with a total sample of 252. Independent commissioners are proxied by the ratio of the number of independent commissioners to total commissioners, managerial ownership is measured using the managerial ownership ratio, audit committees are measured using the number of audit committees, profitability is measured using return on assets, and SDGs disclosure is measured using the number of SDGs objectives. SPSS was used for hypothesis testing in this research. The results show that independent commissioners, managerial ownership, audit committees, and profitability have an impact on SDG disclosure.
Prognostic factors for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
Authors: Masunaga Tomoya , Tsukamoto Shinji , Honoki Kanya , Fujii Hiromasa , Kido Akira , Akahane Manabu , Tanaka Yasuhito , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Errani Costantino , Kawai Akira
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is a malignant, biphasic, high-grade, primitive mesenchymal tumor that has a well-differentiated, organized hyaline component. MCS has a poor prognosis, and treatment recommended for localized MCS is based on wide resection while controversy remains regarding the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic factors of MCS, especially the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for localized MCS. Methods: Eighty patients with MCS pathologically diagnosed between 2006 and 2022 from the Japanese National Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry database were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Patients with distant metastases at presentation (n = 23) had significantly shorter survival than those without (n = 57) (5-year disease-specific survival 19.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.6–50.7] vs. 79.8% [95% CI: 62.4–90.4]; p < 0.0001). In the group without distant metastasis at presentation (n = 57), R1 or R2 surgical margin was a risk factor for unfavorable local recurrence (hazard ratio (HR): 17.44 [95% CI: 2.17–139.98]; p = 0.007). There was no correlation between adjuvant radiotherapy and local recurrence rate (HR 5.18 [95% CI: 0.99–27.12]; p = 0.051). R1 or R2 surgical margin was a risk factor for unfavorable disease-specific survival (HR 17.42 [95% CI: 2.18–138.90]; p = 0.007). There was no correlation between adjuvant chemotherapy and disease-specific survival (HR 0.99 [95% CI: 0.28–3.47]; p = 0.990). Discussion: Patients with MCS and distant metastases at presentation have a poor prognosis, and wide resection is important for the treatment of localized MCS. The efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy could not be determined because of the small number of patients.
Traumatischer vollständiger Verlust des Kniestreckapparats und dessen Rekonstruktion mittels eines Fresh Frozen Allografts mit anheftender Patella- und Quadrizepssehne
Authors: Weber Johannes , Kerschbaum Maximilian , Klein Silvan , Hitzenbichler Florian , Rupp Markus , Alt Volker
Published: November 2024

Der vorliegende Case Report handelt von einer 18-jährigen Patientin, die infolge eines Motorradunfalls mit schwerem ventralen Weichteilschaden über dem linken Knie und anschließender Infektion einen kompletten Verlust des Streckapparats (Patella, Quadrizeps- und Patellarsehne) des linken Kniegelenks erlitt. Nach Infektsanierung und erfolgreicher Einheilung eines freien Latissimus-dorsi-Lappens erfolgte die Rekonstruktion des Streckapparats mittels eines Fresh Frozen Streckapparat-Allografts mit Patella, Quadrizeps- und Patellarsehne mit integriertem knöchernem Tuberositas-tibia-Fragment. Nach einer Beobachtungszeit von 24 Monaten zeigt sich eine infektfreie Einheilung des Transplantates bei einer aktiven Beweglichkeit von Extension/Flexion von 0–0–90° und schmerzfreiem, nahezu normalem Gangbild.
Differences in 5-km running pace between female and male
triathletes
Authors: dos Anjos Vinicius Ribeiro , Vivan Lavínia , Engelke Paulo , de Lira Claudio André Barbosa , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Weiss Katja , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat , Andrade Marília dos Santos
Published: November 2024

During an IRONMAN, the pacing strategy in the running
segment differs significantly between sexes. However, it is unknown if sex
affects the running pace in shorter triathlon events. This study compared the
pacing strategy between sexes during a 5-km running test performed following a
20-km cycle (sprint triathlon distances). Participants included 16 men (34.7±7.5
years) and 16 women (39.5±7.7 years). A cardiopulmonary exercise test to measure
maximal oxygen uptake (˙VO2max) and a functional threshold power
(FTP) were performed. Body composition was measured using a dual-emission X-ray
absorptiometry system. Participants cycled at 90% FTP for 20 km and ran as fast
as possible for 5 km. The total time spent cycling 20 km was shorter (~11%) in
male than in female athletes (p<0.001). Similarly, the time spent to run 5 km
was shorter in male (~11%) than in female athletes (p=0.006). Male athletes
performed the last 600 m of the 5km race significantly faster than the initial
meters (p<0.05). Female athletes performed the 5-km race without pace
variation (p>0.05). In conclusion, apart from the sex differences associated
with performance in short-term triathlon events, the pacing strategy was also
different.
Dural Closure Method Using Dural Suture and Polyglycolic Acid Nonwoven Fabric in the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach
Authors: Tanioka Daisuke , Natori Ikuya , Kobayashi Yusuke , Shimizu Katsuyoshi , Mizutani Tohru
Published: November 2024

Introduction The indications for surgery using the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for tumors in the sella turcica and parasellar region are expanding. However, the risk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is also increasing. Therefore, to prevent postoperative CSF leakage, it is essential to use safe reconstruction methods for the sella turcica. A polyglycolic acid (PGA) nonwoven fabric is applied during dural reconstruction in neurosurgery. Nevertheless, its suitability for sella turcica reconstruction has not been validated.

Methods This study enrolled patients who underwent lesion resection using EEA, followed by sella turcica reconstruction using the dural closure method and the simple and robust suture and PGA (S-PGA) method. The outcomes of the surgery were compared with those of fat-based reconstructive procedures performed prior to the introduction of the S-PGA method.

Results In total, 325 patients underwent dural closure using the S-PGA method. The incidence rates of postoperative CSF leakage were 0.8% for the S-PGA method and 5.2% for the fat-filling method. This finding indicated significant improvement in the incidence rates of postoperative CSF leakage (P < 0.01). The S-PGA method did not affect radiogram interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging performed at 3 months after surgery due to the absence of intrasellar fat filling.

Conclusion The S-PGA method in EEA is a simple and reliable technique for decreasing the risk of postoperative CSF leakage to the greatest extent possible. Hence, it can be an excellent option for skull base reconstruction.
A Resilient and Reusable Ion-Tagged Cu(II) Catalyst for the Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 2-(N-Arylamino)benzothiazoles
Authors: Balamurali M M , Chanda Kaushik , Ahmad Md Gulzar
Published: November 2024

A simple, quick, and cost-effective protocol is presented herein for the sustainable synthesis of 2-(N-arylamino)benzothiazoles from 2-haloanilines and arylisothiocyanates by using an ionic liquid supported heterogeneous Cu(II) catalyst derived from N-methylimidazole. Compared to the use of homogeneous catalysts and additives, which require long reaction times and high reaction temperatures, this methodology has a broad substrate scope and proceeds in short reaction times to afford compounds in excellent yields under microwave irradiation. In addition, the catalyst can be extracted easily and is recyclable up to five times with no significant loss in catalytic activity.
Ocular Motor Mononeuropathies in Diabetes Mellitus: A Brief
Review
Authors: Pantazopoulos Dimitrios , Gouveri Evanthia , Papazoglou Dimitrios , Papanas Nikolaos
Published: November 2024

Ocular motor mononeuropathies affect cranial nerves III, IV and VI and are more
frequent in diabetes mellitus, with oculomotor nerve involvement being
predominant. This narrative brief review discusses the clinical manifestations,
diagnosis and management of ocular motor mononeuropathies in subjects with
diabetes. Clinical manifestations often include ptosis, diplopia, and
periorbital pain. Pupillary sparing is a characteristic of third nerve palsy.
Differential diagnosis may be challenging due to overlapping symptoms with nerve
palsies of other aetiologies. Treatment includes optimised glycaemic control and
management of vascular risk factors. Neuroprotective agents, mainly alpha-lipoic
acid and botulinum toxin A have been occasionally used, as well. Spontaneous
recovery is seen in many cases.
Comparison of Postorthodontic Occlusal Force Distributions between Nonextraction and Extraction Treatment Approaches of Premolars for Orthodontic Treatment by Using T-Scan III System
Authors: Tansalarak Ratchawan , Khamnuengsitthi Nattapat , Pipatphatsakorn Mayurach
Published: November 2024

Objective To compare bite force distributions in corresponding mouth regions between postorthodontic patients who underwent nonextraction and extraction approaches using the T-Scan III system (Tekscan, Inc, Massachusetts, United States).

Materials and Methods Thirty-six postorthodontic patients were divided into two groups: (1) 18 subjects with the nonextraction treatment and (2) 18 subjects with the extraction of four first-premolar treatments. The measurements were performed using the T-Scan to collect the occlusal bite force at the maximal intercuspal position to generate the bite force in the anterior region (incisors and canines) and posterior region (premolars and molars), the bite force in individual teeth, and the anteroposterior bite force ratio (A-P ratio).

Statistical Analysis The mean bite force in each region, individual teeth, and the A-P ratio were compared between the two groups by the Mann–Whitney's U-tests. Within-group comparisons of the mean bite force in each region were performed using Wilcoxon's signed rank tests.

Results The bite force in anterior and posterior regions, and the A-P ratio of the nonextraction group show no significant difference compared with the extraction group (p > 0.05). For individual teeth (central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, second premolars, first molars, and second molars), each tooth exhibited nonsignificantly different bite forces (p > 0.05) except for the second molars. The second molars in the nonextraction group had significantly less bite force than in the extraction group (p = 0.001). The comparison of occlusal bite force between the right and left sides showed that in the nonextraction group, the right side had significantly greater force (p < 0.05). In the extraction group, there was no significant difference between the sides (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Both nonextraction and extraction orthodontic treated patients exhibited the similar bite force distribution patterns in regions and individual teeth except for the higher occlusal force on the second molars in the extractions compared with the nonextractions.
Evaluation of Two Mini-implant Lengths in the Infrazygomatic Crest Region: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Alsaeedi Abbas F. , Alrubayee Mehdi Abdul-hadi , Sivamurthy Gautham
Published: November 2024

Objective  Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have revolutionized fixed orthodontic appliance treatment through anchorage controlling in the clinic and play an essential role in resolving many complex cases. Due to the limited space, there is a risk of injury to the roots while using interradicular microimplants. Therefore, the infrazygomatic crest (IZC) area can be an alternative mini-implant insertion site in the maxillary arch. The aim of the study was to evaluate the primary stability, pain perception, sinus penetration, late stability, and failure rate with two mini-implant lengths in the IZC area.

Materials and Methods Forty-eight mini-implants (Tusk Dental Co., Ltd., Canada) with two different lengths (length/diameter: 12/2 and 14/2 mm) were grouped by length (24 per group) and inserted bilaterally into the IZC area of 24 patients. The data were statistically analyzed, considering a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results Sinus penetration prevalence did not differ significantly between 12-mm (54.2%) and 14-mm (62.5%) mini-implants (p > 0.05). Primary stability was significantly higher with the 14-mm mini-implants (p < 0.05). The failure rate did not differ significantly between the 12-mm (20.8%) and 14-mm (16.7%) mini-implants (p > 0.05).

Conclusion While the failure rate was similar between 12- and 14-mm mini-implants, the 14-mm mini-implants were more likely to damage adjacent structures. Therefore, shorter mini-implants should be preferred over longer mini-implants for most cases requiring IZC TADs.

Trial Registration ID ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06293872.
Effect of Cryotherapy and Occlusal Reduction on Postoperative Endodontic Pain in Mandibular First Molars with Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis: A Prospective, Parallel, Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Almasoud Lana , Elsewify Tarek , Elemam Ranya , Eid Bassem
Published: November 2024

Objectives This study aimed to compare the intensity of postoperative pain following the final rinse using cold saline compared with room temperature saline and occlusal reduction.

Materials and Methods A prospective, parallel, double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted on 69 first mandibular molars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. Single-visit root canal treatment was performed; access cavity preparations and chemomechanical preparations were carried out using the ProTaper Gold rotary system under copious irrigation using 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. The patients were divided into three groups (n = 23): control group: room temperature saline (25°C) final rinse without occlusal reduction; cryotherapy group: cold saline (2.5–4°C) final rinse without occlusal reduction; and occlusal reduction group: room temperature saline with occlusal reduction. Pain scores were recorded using the visual analog scale preoperatively and postoperatively via telephone at 6, 24, 48, 72 hours, and 7 days intervals. Age data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Pain score data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis' test followed by Dunn's post hoc test for intergroup comparisons and Friedman's test followed by Nemenyi's post hoc test for intragroup comparisons. Correlations were analyzed using Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at p < 0.05 within all tests.

Results Cryotherapy reduced postoperative pain compared with the control group with a statistically significant difference at 24 hours only (p = 0.016). At other intervals, no statistically significant difference in pain score was measured between all three groups (p > 0.05). After 7 days, all patients recorded a zero pain score.

Conclusion Cryotherapy was as effective as the occlusal reduction in reducing postoperative pain in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis, significantly more than the control group.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Calcium Hydroxide Combined with Ellagic Acid as Pulp Capping Material: In Vivo Study
Authors: Sari Annisa Fitria , Nirwana Intan , Yuliati Anita , Meizarini Asti , Rahayu Retno Pudji , Palupi Retno , Alexandra Michelle Fidelia , Nuraida Tarissa Balqis , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Shariff Khairul Anuar
Published: November 2024

Objectives Pulp capping is a pivotal treatment in dentistry aimed at preserving pulp vitality. While calcium hydroxide has long been considered the gold standard in pulp capping materials, its long-term use can induce chronic inflammation, ultimately leading to pulp necrosis and affecting human health. In this context, ellagic acid, a natural compound with potent anti-inflammatory properties, emerged as a promising adjunct to mitigate inflammation associated with calcium hydroxide application, thereby sustaining pulp vitality. This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory response by alterations in neutrophil, macrophage, lymphocyte, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression following the treatment with a combination of calcium hydroxide and ellagic acid.

Materials and Methods Dental pulp perforation was made on 27 male Wistar rats on the upper first molar and then pulp capped with calcium hydroxide and ellagic acid. The pulp of the control positive group was capped with calcium hydroxide, and the control group was not capped. The teeth were then extracted after 1, 3, and 7 days posttreatment. The differences in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and TNF-α expression were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test.

Results The treatment combination of calcium hydroxide and ellagic acid showed the lowest neutrophil number and TNF-α expression compared with the other groups (p < 0.05), while the macrophage and lymphocyte numbers were the highest compared with the other groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The combination of calcium hydroxide and ellagic acid as a pulp capping material exhibited a dual effect on the inflammatory response in dental pulp. These findings suggest that calcium hydroxide and ellagic acid modulate the inflammatory response in a complex manner, promoting a more controlled and potentially beneficial healing process.
E-cadherin Single Nucleotide Variants Are Associated with Increasing Susceptibility to Periodontitis
Authors: Kazem Nadia M. , Abdulkareem Ali A. , Cooper Paul R. , Milward Michael R.
Published: November 2024

Objectives To investigate the association of E-cadherin single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with periodontitis and the potential of these SNPs for identifying susceptibility to periodontitis.

Materials and Methods Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded followed by collecting venous blood for DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify target segments of the E-cadherin gene. Determination of the genotype and allele frequencies was performed using Sanger sequencing. All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism (version 9) using a statistically significant difference of p < 0.05.

Results A total of 207 participants were recruited into two groups of healthy controls (n = 105) and cases diagnosed with periodontitis stage 2 or 3, grade B or C (n = 102). Analyses indicated that the genotypes and alleles of rs3743674 and rs5030625 E-cadherin SNPs were significantly associated with periodontitis. Results from a binary regression model suggested that the presence of these SNPs may indicate susceptibility to periodontitis and increase the rate of progression. Linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated that E-cadherin variants rs3743674 and rs5030625, and rs10272115 and rs16260 were correlated in a nonrandom manner (r
2 = 0.638 and 0.495, respectively).

Conclusion E-cadherin gene variants, rs3743674 and rs5030625, were associated with the periodontitis phenotype. These biomarkers may identify individuals susceptible to periodontitis and the rate of disease progression.
Pearls in the Pool: A Rare Case of Primary Mucinous Carcinoma of Eyelid
Authors: Khumanthem Sharjubala , Doddagowda Shilpa Manigatta , Kulkarni Sneha
Published: November 2024

Primary mucinous carcinoma of the eyelid is a low-grade neoplasm and a rare pathologic entity arising from the eccrine glands. We present here the case of 64-year-old man with a swelling in the eyelid, which was clinically diagnosed as a sebaceous cyst. However, histopathological examination later confirmed it as primary mucinous carcinoma.
Migration behaviors leaving metropolitan areas: assessing the impacts of health risks and teleworking in the COVID-19 context
Authors: Peng Xue
Published: November 2024

An increase in the number of people leaving metropolitan areas (MAs) was observed in various countries in the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic. While considerable attention has been paid to the impacts of health risks and teleworking, two prominent topics related to health-crisis-led migration, empirical evidence remains inadequate. This study aims to empirically investigate the impacts and temporal changes of these two factors on migration leaving MAs (LMA migration). It utilizes survey data from the Japanese government and employs fixed effects logit models. (1) By using infection rates in a more accurate measurement than previous studies, this study confirms the health-risk-aversion motives in LMA migration. (2) Teleworking’s influence on LMA migration is found to be insignificant over the long term. Nevertheless, it increases the likelihood of formal employees staying in MAs and strengthens the tendency of the self-employed to leave for local areas. (3) Temporally, the significant impact of lower COVID-19 infection rates attracting metropolitan residents persisted beyond the pandemic stringency and continued for several months afterward, though it eventually reversed. Teleworking shows a positive influence on LMA migration only in the later stage of COVID-19. These findings suggest a tendency of ‘deferred decisions’ in LMA migration due to people’s unfamiliarity with an unprecedented health crisis. However, the negative impact of infection risks emerges sooner than the significant effect of teleworking, indicating that safety is a pressing priority for LMA migration in the early stages of a major health crisis. (4) Self-employed individuals, homeworkers, and the unemployed are more likely to engage in LMA migration, while employees (whether formal or informal) are less likely, highlighting the role of opportunity costs. Policy implications suggest that local governments should focus on attracting the self-employed from MAs during health crises and on enhancing the teleworking environment for the long term.
Scaling and merging time-resolved pink-beam diffraction with variational inference
Authors: Zielinski Kara A. , Dolamore Cole , Wang Harrison K. , Henning Robert W. , Wilson Mark A. , Pollack Lois , Srajer Vukica , Hekstra Doeke R. , Dalton Kevin M.
Published: November 2024

Time-resolved x-ray crystallography (TR-X) at synchrotrons and free electron lasers is a promising technique for recording dynamics of molecules at atomic resolution. While experimental methods for TR-X have proliferated and matured, data analysis is often difficult. Extracting small, time-dependent changes in signal is frequently a bottleneck for practitioners. Recent work demonstrated this challenge can be addressed when merging redundant observations by a statistical technique known as variational inference (VI). However, the variational approach to time-resolved data analysis requires identification of successful hyperparameters in order to optimally extract signal. In this case study, we present a successful application of VI to time-resolved changes in an enzyme, DJ-1, upon mixing with a substrate molecule, methylglyoxal. We present a strategy to extract high signal-to-noise changes in electron density from these data. Furthermore, we conduct an ablation study, in which we systematically remove one hyperparameter at a time to demonstrate the impact of each hyperparameter choice on the success of our model. We expect this case study will serve as a practical example for how others may deploy VI in order to analyze their time-resolved diffraction data.
Room temperature single-photon terahertz detection with thermal Rydberg atoms
Authors: Li Danyang , Bai Zhengyang , Zuo Xiaoliang , Wu Yuelong , Sheng Jiteng , Wu Haibin
Published: November 2024

Single-photon terahertz (THz) detection is one of the most demanding technologies for a variety of fields and could lead to many breakthroughs. Although significant progress has been made in the past two decades, operating it at room temperature still remains a great challenge. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, a room temperature THz detector at single-photon levels based on nonlinear wave mixing in thermal Rydberg atomic vapor. The low-energy THz photons are coherently upconverted to high-energy optical photons via a nondegenerate Rydberg state involved in a six-wave mixing process, and therefore, single-photon THz detection is achieved by a conventional optical single-photon counting module. The noise equivalent power of such a detector reaches 9.5 × 10−19 W/Hz1/2, which is more than four orders of magnitude lower than the state-of-the-art room temperature THz detectors. The optimum quantum efficiency of the whole-wave mixing process is about 4.3%, with 40.6 dB dynamic range, and the maximum conversion bandwidth is 172 MHz, which is all-optically controllable. The developed fast and continuous-wave single-photon THz detector at room temperature operation has a great potential for portability and chip-scale integration, and could be revolutionary for a wide range of applications in remote sensing, wireless communication, biomedical diagnostics, and quantum optics.
Injection locking in DC-driven spintronic vortex oscillators via surface acoustic wave modulation
Authors: Moukhader R. , Rodrigues D. R. , Riveros A. , Koujok A. , Finocchio G. , Pirro P. , Hamadeh A.
Published: November 2024

Control of the microwave signal generated by spin-transfer torque oscillators (STOs) is crucial for their applications in spin wave generation and neuromorphic computing. This study investigates injection locking of a DC-driven vortex STO using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to enhance the STO’s signal and allow for its synchronization with external inputs. We employ a simplified model based on Thiele’s formalism and highlight the role of vortex deformations in achieving injection locking. Micromagnetic simulations are conducted to validate our theoretical predictions, revealing how the locking bandwidth depends on SAW amplitude, as well as on the amplitude and direction of an applied external field. Our findings are pivotal for advancing experimental research and developing efficient low-power synchronization methods for large-scale STO networks.
Broadband metamaterial polarizers with high extinction ratio for high-precision terahertz spectroscopic polarimetry
Authors: Park H. , Park H. , Lee J. , Shim J. , Son H. , Park J. , Baek S. , Kim T.-T.
Published: November 2024

The demand for precise polarizers is increasing to investigate the polarization characteristics of materials non-invasively in the terahertz region. Recently, to address the low extinction ratio and fragile nature of conventional wire-grid polarizers, plasmonic structures and metasurfaces have been proposed. However, the challenge of achieving low transmittance compared to a high extinction ratio, along with the bulky structure due to a thick substrate, remains to be addressed. Here, we present high-efficiency broadband metamaterial polarizers consisting of cross-aligned double-layers of subwavelength metallic slit arrays, leveraging the extraordinary optical transmission and funneling effects. We obtained extinction ratios exceeding 70 dB over a broad frequency range, from 0.2 to 2.5 THz, reaching a maximum extinction ratio of ∼90 dB at 0.7 THz. To investigate the influence of high extinction ratio polarizers on actual measurement results, we measured a non-Hermitian metasurface with asymmetric polarization conversion and analyzed them using the Jones matrix formalism. The results confirmed that the extinction ratio of the polarizer has a significant impact on precise polarization-dependent measurements, especially on cross-polarization measurements. The enhanced performance of our polarizers offers significant potential for sensitive THz systems, paving the way for advancements in polarization analysis of emerging materials and chiral sensing.