bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CT fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous gastrostomy with loop gastropexy and peel-away sheath trocar technique in 31 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients
Authors: de Bucourt Maximilian , Collettini Federico , Althoff Christian E , Streitparth Florian , Greupner Johannes , Hamm Bernd , Teichgräber UK
Published: February 2012

Background

In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with respiratory impairment and/or advanced disease, performing even mild sedation – as is usually necessary for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placements – is fraught with risk. These patients are often referred to Interventional Radiology for alternative percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement options.

Purpose

To report our experience with CT fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous gastrostomy with a novel loop gastropexy and peel-away sheath trocar technique in ALS patients as an alternative to endoscopic techniques.

Material and Methods

A consecutive series of 31 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients in whom endoscopic gastrostomy was considered too dangerous or impossible to perform underwent CT-guided percutaneous gastropexy and gastrostomy and prospective follow-up. All procedures were performed with a 15 FR Freka® Pexact gastrostomy kit, a 16-row CT scanner (Aquilion 16) and single shot CT fluoroscopy mode.

Results

The procedure was performed successfully in 30 of 31 patients (20 men, 11 women; median age 60 years, range 38–80 years). In the remaining case the stomach was punctured under CT fluoroscopy and CO2 insufflation was initiated thereafter, leading to successful gastrostomy without prior gastropexy and without further adverse events during follow-up. Two patients reported unproblematic exchange of a balloon tube due to skin irritations with no further adverse events. One patient reported accidental displacement of an exchanged new balloon tube in domestic environment due to balloon leakage: A new balloon tube was easily re-inserted in a hospital the same day. No serious adverse events such as peritonitis, persistent local bleeding, systemic blood loss, or any local infection requiring surgical intervention were observed. Until August 11, 2011 follow-up resulted in 7473 cumulative gastrostomy-days from the date of first placement.

Conclusion

Initial results suggest that the described technique under CT guidance is feasible and safe and may especially be advantageous in cases where endoscopic gastrostomy and sedation are contraindicated.
MR angiography in tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Kalita Jayantee , Prasad Sreeram , Maurya Pradeep K , Kumar Sunil , Misra Usha K
Published: February 2012

Background

Infarctions in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are common but there is a paucity of studies on MR angiography (MRA).

Purpose

To evaluate the pattern and predictors of MRA abnormality in patients with TBM.

Material and Methods

Sixty-seven patients with TBM were subjected to clinical, laboratory, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MRA evaluation. The severity of meningitis, focal deficit, CSF findings, and stroke co-morbidities were recorded. Presence of exudates, infarction, hydrocephalous, and tuberculoma on MRI were noted. On intracranial MRA, occlusion or more than 50% narrowing of proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and basilar artery were considered abnormal. The MRA abnormality was correlated with clinical, laboratory, and MRI findings.

Results

Sixty-seven patients, aged 3–75 years (median 34 years) were included. MRI was abnormal in 61 (91%) patients; basal exudates in 24, hydrocephalous in 23, tuberculoma in 33, and infarction in 40. MRA was abnormal in 34 (50.7%); MCA was most commonly involved ( n = 21), followed by PCA ( n = 14), ICA ( n = 8), ACA ( n = 5), basilar artery ( n = 5), and vertebral and superior cerebellar artery (1 each). One-fourth of the patients had abnormality in both anterior and posterior circulations. MRA abnormality was related to hydrocephalous and infarction; corresponding infarct was present in 61.8% patients; 41.7% patients with abnormal MRA developed infarct at 3 months but none with normal MRA.

Conclusion

Half the patients with TBM had MRA abnormality involving both anterior and posterior circulations and 61.8% of them had corresponding infarcts.
Branch Reconfiguration Practice Through Operations Research in Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
Authors: Wang Xiquan , Zhang Xingdong , Liu Xiaohu , Guo Lijie , Li Thomas , Dong Jin , Yin Wenjun , Xie Ming , Zhang Bin
Published: February 2012

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), the world's largest publicly traded bank as measured by market capitalization, deposit volume, and profitability, has a network of over 16,000 branches. This network is an important core competency and is fundamental to ICBC business development. To keep its leading position in the fast-changing and competitive China market, ICBC needed to reconfigure its branch locations and service capabilities to match the regional economy and customer distribution; therefore, it had to quickly identify new high-potential market areas in which to open branches. ICBC partnered with IBM to customize an operations research-based branch network optimization system, Branch Reconfiguration (BR), which it has implemented in over 40 major cities in China. In a typical major city (e.g., Suzhou), ICBC attributes US $1.04 billion in increased deposits to BR. The BR project is an example of successfully using operations research and management sciences to transform the service channels of a large bank in a manner that will continue to improve the bank's business development and decision making.
Introduction: 2011 Franz Edelman Award for Achievement in Operations Research and the Management Sciences
Authors: Graves Stephen C. , Sodhi ManMohan S.
Published: February 2012

This special issue of Interfaces is devoted to the finalists of the 40th annual competition for the Franz Edelman Award for Achievement in Operations Research and the Management Sciences, the profession's prestigious award for the practice of operations research. As in previous years, the six finalists for 2011 cover a wide range of industries, functions, and countries around the globe.
Stem Cell-Based Therapies: Promises, Obstacles, Discordance, and the Agora
Authors: Eggleson Kathleen K.
Published: March 2012

Stem cell research has entered the public consciousness through the media. Proponents and opponents of all such research, or of human embryonic stem cell research specifically, engage in heated exchanges in the modern public forum where stakeholders negotiate, the agora. One common claim that emerges from the fray is that a particular type of stem cell research should be pursued as the most promising path toward the reduction of suffering and untimely death for all of humanity. Upon evaluation, experimental data regarding the potential role of stem cells in regenerative therapies for three conditions—spinal cord injury, type 1 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease—tell distinct, complex, and inconclusive stories. Further analyses in this article incorporate realistic considerations of a broad range of relevant factors: limited funding for biomedical research, media motives, the discordance hypothesis of evolutionary medicine, the relationship between religion and science, medical care in developing nations, and culture wars over abortion. Holistic investigation inspired by the current agora conversation supports the need to drastically change interactions regarding stem cell research so that its potential to benefit humanity may be more fully realized.
Group-Based and Personalized Care in an Age of Genomic and Evidence-Based Medicine: A Reappraisal
Authors: Maglo Koffi N.
Published: March 2012

This article addresses the philosophical and moral foundations of group-based and individualized therapy in connection with population care equality. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently modified its public health policy by seeking to enhance the efficacy and equality of care through the approval of group-specific prescriptions and doses for some drugs. In the age of genomics, when individualization of care increasingly has become a major concern, investigating the relationship between population health, stratified medicine, and personalized therapy can improve our understanding of the ethical and biomedical implications of genomic medicine. I suggest that the need to optimize population health through population substructure-sensitive research and the need to individualize care through genetically targeted therapies are not necessarily incompatible. Accordingly, the article reconceptualizes a unified goal for modern scientific medicine in terms of individualized equal care.
In Search of Lost Opportunities: Marcel Proyce and James Joust Discuss Doctors, Diseases, Life and Death (a Hypothetical Conversation between Marcel Proust and James Joyce)
Authors: Shanahan Fergus , Quigley Eamonn M. M.
Published: March 2012

Two of the most influential thinkers of the last century, Marcel Proust (1871-1922) and James Joyce (1882-1941), met in 1922 but had little to say to each other. Had circumstances been different, what might they have said? They had much in common, including an interest in doctors and diseases, but from different perspectives. Although the meeting was a lost opportunity to explore the insights of two great analysts of the human condition, their lives and works provide a record rich in detail and timeless in relevance. From this, we construct what might have been overheard during a conversation between Marcel Proyce and James Joust almost a century ago.
Philosophy's Loss, Neurology's Gain: The Endeavor of John Hughlings-Jackson
Authors: Smith C. U. M.
Published: March 2012

The year 2011 marked the centenary of the death of one of the founders of British neurology, John Hughlings-Jackson (1835-1911). By common consent he was a great clinician. But he was more. He endeavored to use clinical observations to throw light on one of the great problems of the modern world, the problem of mind. Hughlings-Jackson's daily contact with mentalities warped by neurological disease caused him to ponder deeply the nature of the mind-brain relationship, nowadays often known simply as the "hard problem." In particular, he saw the danger of conflating mind and brain, a danger that has grown greater with the spectacular growth of neu-roscientific knowledge during the last century. Although Hughlings-Jackson's neurosci-entific thought is long outdated, his philosophic endeavors remain highly instructive.
Through a Glass Darkly: Schizophrenia and Functional Brain Imaging
Authors: Lloyd Dan
Published: March 2012

Abstract: Functional neuroimaging frequently assumes anatomically and functionally specific "modules" in the brain. Schizophrenia, which is challenging in many ways, also challenges modularity. A prominent example of a modular hypothesis links working memory (WM) deficits in schizophrenia with decreased function in the prefrontal cortex, a result confirmed in several studies. Nonetheless, these studies are systematically blind to the alternative possibility that schizophrenia reflects dysfunction in broader, more distributed systems of the brain. However, to establish hypotheses about distributed cognition in health and illness requires new interpretations of functional neuroimaging. Modularity can be assessed by large-scale meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies, illustrated here through the on-line database, Brainmap (www.brainmap.org). The apparent association of WM and prefrontal cortex fades when one considers all areas engaged in WM, and all tasks associated with prefrontal cortex. In addition, several global measures of connectivity based in functional neuroimaging may provide measures of distributed dysfunction. For example, Independent Component Analysis reveals unusual oscillations in distributed networks in patients with schizophrenia.
Mental Incapacity Doctrines in Criminal Law
Authors: Loughnan Arlie
Published: February 2012

The way in which mental incapacity in criminal law has been approached to date has not produced a thorough understanding of it. The idea that mental incapacity's chief relevance in criminal law is as a basis for exculpation dominates the scholarship—both doctrinal and philosophical—on mental incapacity. In an effort to advance scholarly understanding of this area of criminal law, this article provides a reconstruction of the legal terrain concerned with mental incapacity—organized as mental incapacity doctrines, a subset of which is exculpatory. In my reconstruction, what unites the relevant aspects of the law is that each doctrine imagines an abnormal subject of the law, and where the doctrines are exculpatory, the evaluative inquiry is not indexed to the reasonable person. This reconstruction of mental incapacity in criminal law—as mental incapacity doctrines—cuts across existing categorizations of this terrain and, as such, offers a rethinking of this area of the criminal law. This reconstruction permits a reconceptualization of the role of mental incapacity in criminal law: it becomes clear that mental incapacity is the basis for doctrines which perform a multiplicity of roles—inculpation, imputation, and a procedural role—beyond exculpation.
Children of the Abyss
Authors: Maguire James
Published: February 2012

This article critically examines recent legislation in South Africa intended to systematically overhaul the country's juvenile justice system. Developed and heatedly debated over the course of a decade, the Child Justice Act implements novel procedural protections and large-scale restorative justice programs. By analyzing the political history, social context, and evolving text of the Child Justice Act, I call into question prevailing assumptions about post-apartheid South Africa's socio-legal history. Close examination of the Act's major drafts (in 2002, 2007, and 2008) reveals a set of tensions in the political and rhetorical status of youths as alternately victims of circumstance and threats to society. Rather than confronting and resolving this tension, which subverts the linear logic of post-apartheid “transition,” the act reinscribes that tension in a new vocabulary and logic of governance and social management. Contemporary South African history thus demonstrates a pattern not of transition but of problematic permutations.
HPV Vaccine Recommendations
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Brady Michael T. , Byington Carrie L. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Glode Mary P. , Jackson Mary Anne , Keyserling Harry L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Murray Dennis L. , Orenstein Walter A. , Schutze Gordon E. , Willoughby Rodney E. , Zaoutis Theoklis E.
Published: February 2012

This Policy Statement was retired June 2015.

On October 25, 2011, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil; Merck & Co, Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ) be used routinely in males. The American Academy of Pediatrics has reviewed updated data provided by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices on vaccine efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness as well as programmatic considerations and supports this recommendation. This revised statement updates recommendations for human papillomavirus immunization of both males and females.
Allelic types of long polar fimbriae in bovine and human Escherichia coli O157 strains
Authors: Sváb Domonkos , Tóth István
Published: February 2012

Long polar fimbriae (Lpf) are recently discovered adhesins and increasingly important genetic markers of pathogenicEscherichia colistrains. The presence and genotype diversity of Lpf operons was screened in a collection of 97Escherichia coliO157 strains representing different pathotypes, isolated from healthy cattle (n = 43) and human patients (n = 54) in several countries. Individual structural genes of Lpf were scanned by PCR, and allelic variants were detected with a recently developed typing scheme. Ninety-five strains carried at least one whole Lpf operon (geneslpfABCDand/orlpfABCDE). The 64 enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) and 24 enteropathogenic (EPEC) strains all carried two Lpf operons, allele 3 oflpfA1and allele 2 oflpfA2, a combination characteristic of the O157:H7/NM serotype. Out of the 9 bovine atypical (AT;stx-, eae-) strains, 7 carried one complete Lpf operon, allele 1 oflpfA2. The atypical strains belonged to main phylogenetic groups A and B1, while the EHEC and EPEC strains were from group D. Lpf variants carried by the 72 strains of theEscherichia coliReference Collection (ECOR) were determined with the same typing scheme. Alleles were detected in 25 strains, of which 6 were found negative for the respective Lpf operons in earlier studies. The marker value of the Lpf allelic combination for the O157:H7/NM serotype was confirmed, and further evidence was given for the presence of at least two different genetic lineages of atypical bovineE. coliO157 strains.
Remarks on the seasonal occurrence and identification of young plasmodial stages of Myxobolus spp. Infecting cyprinid fishes in Hungary
Authors: Molnár Kálmán , Cech Gábor , Székely Csaba
Published: February 2012

During a survey on the Myxobolus infection of two cyprinid fishes, the ide (Leuciscus idus) and the roach (Rutilus rutilus), myxosporean developmental stages were found around the arteries of the gill filaments and in the gill lamellae. An analysis of the 18S rDNA sequences of these stages revealed that plasmodia developing in the ide belonged to Myxobolus elegans, those developing in the gill lamellae of the roach corresponded to M. intimus, while plasmodia developing in close contact with the cartilaginous gill rays proved to be developmental stages of M. feisti. A strict seasonal cycle with a very long intrapiscine development was recorded for M. elegans and M. intimus. Developing plasmodia of the latter Myxobolus spp. occurred from early summer to next spring, and spore formation took place only in April. No seasonality associated with M. feisti infections was found. Developing plasmodia and mature spores of this species occurred simultaneously in different seasons of the year. Myxobolus feisti spore formation always occurred in close contact with the cartilaginous tissue of the gill filaments but spores were rarely encapsulated in the cartilaginous gill rays.
Genetic diversity analysis of the ORF5 gene in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus samples from South China
Authors: Cao Zong-Xi , Jiao Pei-Rong , Huang Yu-Mao , Qin Hong-Yang , Kong Liu-Wu , Pan Quan-Hui , He Yi-Min , Zhang Gui-Hong
Published: February 2012

To understand the genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in South China, we collected 231 clinical samples from pigs with suspected PRRSV infection in Guangdong between 2007 and 2009. We found that 74 of 231 samples were positive by RT-PCR. The PCR products of the ORF5 gene of 35 isolates from different farms were sequenced and their DNA sequences were compared to 23 other PRRSV isolates in the GenBank. We found that the nucleotide similarity among all South China isolates ranged from 87.6% to 100%, and all belonged to the North American genotype. Most of them were classified into subgenotype I, but the rest mapped to subgenotypes III, V or VI. Those in subgenotypes I and III were found to be highly variable in the primary neutralising epitope (PNE) with a specific amino acid mutation (F39/L39→I39), and a few isolates in subgenotypes I and III isolates also had a mutation at L41 (L41→S41). PRRSV isolates in subgenotypes III, V and VI had less potential glycosylation sites than those in subgenotype I. Our data contribute to the understanding of molecular variation of PRRSV in South China.
Elaboration of nanostructured and highly proton conductive membranes for PEMFC by ion track grafting technique
Authors: Gallino Enrico , Clochard Marie-Claude , Balanzat Emmanuel , Gebel Gerard , Morin Arnaud
Published: February 2012

In order to develop a novel proton conductive membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a poly(vinyl di-fluoride) (PVDF) matrix was irradiated with swift heavy ions (SHI) to obtain radically active cylindrical latent tracks in the polymer film. Styrene was then radiografted and further sulfonated into these irradiated cylindrical regions, leading to sulfonated polystyrene (PVDF-g-PSSA) domains within PVDF. The role of the grafting degree and fluence of irradiation of the PVDF matrix on PVDF-g-PSSA membranes properties (chemical composition, ion exchange capacity) was investigated. Then, a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) was prepared and fuel cell tests have been performed. Our results clearly show that PVDF-g-PSSA membranes with a grafting degree of about 140%, obtained after irradiation at a fluence of 1010 ions/cm2, exhibit good conductivity values but their durability is limited to about 70 h. Decreasing the fluence leads to membranes with lower grafting yield but with fuel cell performances closer to those of 140% grafted PVDF-g-PSSA membrane and improved mechanical properties. Then, ion track grafting technique is a promising technique to obtain PEM with a good trade-off between proton conductivity and mechanical properties.
Multilayer Graphene-Based Carbon Interconnect
Authors: Yu Tianhua , Kim Edwin , Jain Nikhil , Yu Bin
Published: February 2012

3D stacked (or uncorrelated) multilayer graphene (s-MLG) is investigated as a potential material platform for carbon-based on-chip interconnects. S-MLG samples are prepared by repeatedly transferring and stacking the large-area CVD-grown graphene monolayers, followed by wire patterning and oxygen plasma etching of graphene. We observed superior wire conduction of s-MLG over that of monolayer graphene or ABAB-stacked multilayer graphene. Further reduction of s-MLG resistivity is anticipated with increasing number of stacked layers. Electrical stress-induced doping technique is used to engineer the Dirac point, as well as to reduce graphene-to-metal contact resistance, improving the overall performance metrics of the s-MLG system. Breakdown experiments show that the current-carrying capacity of s-MLG is significantly enhanced as compared with that of monolayer graphene.
Automated Electron Microscopy for Mineralogical Characterization
Authors: Lastra Rolando
Published: February 2012

Full automation of electron microscopy is now a mature technology that is being applied internationally mainly for mineralogical characterization. This technology has increased the speed and reliability of the characterization of ores and mineral processing products. It allows developing the most appropriate beneficiation technology for a new ore body. It helps to determine the potential, the optimization and the limitations of mineral concentrator plants. It can also be applied to the betterment of the environmental management of the metallurgical residues. This presentation will discuss the main approaches for fully automated electron microscopy. Additionally, an application case is presented, focusing on the characterization of complex ore of rare earth minerals.
Supplication in the Greco-Roman Religious Field
Authors: Gottesman Alex
Published: March 2012

This essay attempts to apply Bourdieu's notion of the field to the study of Greco-Roman religion (a move that Bourdieu himself seemingly ruled out). It traces some changes in the Greco-Roman religious field by tracking the meaning and fortunes of the practice of supplication, first in the context of the struggle between Roman administration and Greek autonomy and then in the context of the struggle between pagans and Christians to define charity to the poor as a strategy of legitimation.
On The Politics of Spirit
Authors: Martin Craig
Published: March 2012

An interview with Tim Murphy regarding The Politics of Spirit (SUNY Press, 2010).
An in vitro analysis of the total phenolic content, antioxidant power, physical, physicochemical, and chemical composition of Terminalia Catappa Linn fruits
Authors: Marques Marcelo Rodrigues , Paz Diego Damasceno , Batista Lívia Patrícia Rodrigues , Barbosa Celma de Oliveira , Araújo Marcos Antônio Mota , Moreira-Araújo Regilda Saraiva dos Reis
Published: March 2012

This study assessed the antioxidant, total phenolic, and physicochemical properties of in vitro Terminalia Catappa Linn (locally called castanhola) using the DPPH assay. The castanhola fruits had an average weight of 19.60 ± 0.00 g, combining shell, pulp, and seed weight, and a soluble solids content of 8 °Brix. The chemical composition was determined with predominance of carbohydrates (76,88 ± 0,58%).The titration method was used to determine Vitamin C content using 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCFI), known as reactive Tillmans resulting in no significant levels. Aqueous extracts of castanhola pulp showed a higher concentration of phenolics, 244.33 ± 18.86 GAE.g-1 of fruit, and alcoholic extracts, 142.84 ± 2.09 GAE.g-1 of fruit. EC50 values of the aqueous extract showed a greater ability to scavenge free radicals than the alcoholic extracts. The fruit had a significant content of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant capacity.
Método para classificação de tipos de erros humanos: estudo de caso em acidentes em canteiros de obras
Authors: Saurin Tarcisio Abreu , Grando Mara Lucia , Costella Marcelo Fabiano
Published: March 2012

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal desenvolver melhorias em um método de classificação de tipos de erros humanos de operadores de linha de frente. Tais melhorias foram desenvolvidas com base no teste do método em canteiros de obras, um ambiente no qual ele ainda não havia sido aplicado. Assim, foram investigados 19 acidentes de trabalho ocorridos em uma construtora de pequeno porte, sendo classificados os tipos de erros dos trabalhadores lesionados e de colegas de equipe que se encontravam no cenário do acidente. Os resultados indicaram que não houve nenhum erro em 70,5% das 34 vezes em que o método foi aplicado, evidenciando que as causas dos acidentes estavam fortemente associadas a fatores organizacionais. O estudo apresenta ainda recomendações para a interpretação das perguntas que constituem o método, bem como modificações em algumas dessas perguntas em comparação às versões anteriores.
Análise das relações entre estratégia de produção, práticas e desempenho operacional
Authors: Silva Eliciane Maria da , Santos Fernando César Almada , Castro Mário de
Published: March 2012

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar quais são as melhores práticas de produção para o setor moveleiro no Brasil, mediante a análise das relações entre as práticas de produção implantadas e prioridades competitivas e, também, entre indicadores de desempenho. A revisão teórica centrou em definir o pressuposto para o estudo das melhores práticas e realizar uma sistematização da literatura. Posteriormente, foi desenvolvida a pesquisa prática mediante uma survey em 99 empresas. Para a análise dos dados, foi empregada a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais com o método de estimação dos mínimos quadrados ponderados. Os resultados revelaram que as práticas nas áreas de desenvolvimento de novos produtos, recursos humanos e planejamento e controle de produção estavam alinhadas à estratégia de produção e contribuíram para a melhoria de indicadores de desempenho operacional, sendo assim consideradas melhores práticas para o contexto estudado. Foram feitas discussões e sugestões para pesquisas futuras.
Análise fotoelástica da região inferior do corpo vertebral L4
Authors: Fakhouri Sarah Fakher , Zamarioli Ariane , Shimano Marcos Massao , Defino Helton Luiz Aparecido , Araujo Cleudmar Amaral , Shimano Antonio Carlos
Published: March 2012

OBJETIVO: Analisar as tensões geradas no corpo vertebral L4 quando submetida à força de compressão, utilizando a técnica da fotoelasticidade de transmissão. MÉTODOS: Doze modelos fotoelásticos foram utilizados e divididos em três grupos, sendo cada grupo formado por quatro modelos, de acordo com a localização do corte sagital nas vértebras L4-L5 (cortes A, B e C). A simulação foi realizada utilizando uma força compressão de 15 N e as ordens de franjas foram avaliadas no corpo vertebral L4 utilizando o método de compensação de Tardy. RESULTADOS: A análise fotoelástica mostrou que em geral, as tensões se distribuíram de forma homogênea nos corpos vertebrais. As tensões no corte C foram maiores que no B, que por sua vez foram maiores que no corte A. CONCLUSÃO: A região posterior do corpo vertebral L4, principalmente no corte C, apresentou maiores concentrações de tensões, sendo assim, é a área mais susceptível à fratura vertebral e à espondilolistese. Análises econômicas e de decisão. Desenvolvimento de modelo econômico ou de decisão, Nível de evidência I.
Sublimação e clínica psicanalítica
Authors: Castiel Sissi Vigil
Published: March 2012

A participação da sublimação na clínica analítica foi vista de diferentes formas por Freud. A técnica analítica tem sido, desde seus primórdios, a possibilidade da emergência da palavra e do simbólico. No entanto, esse processo passa por muitas rupturas, nas quais as estratégias da clínica vão se remodelando. Pretendo indicar essas transformações e os impasses pelos quais passa a técnica analítica em Freud até sua forma final. Dentro desse contexto, pretendo destacar o papel da sublimação na técnica analítica e a sua relação com a direção da cura, no sentido de que as criações de um sujeito são parte importante da dimensão terapêutica da análise.
Análise de teses e dissertações em avaliação psicológica disponíveis na BVS-PSI Brasil
Authors: Joly Maria Cristina Rodrigues Azevedo , Berberian Arthur de Almeida , Andrade Regina Gioconda de , Teixeira Tatiana Cristina
Published: March 2012

O presente estudo objetivou verificar a produção científica de teses e dissertações em avaliação psicológica no Brasil, disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde do Brasil (Bvs-Psi Brasil). Foram analisados 141 resumos de teses e dissertações em avaliação psicológica referentes a estudos que tinham avaliação psicológica, psicometria, validade, precisão e testes psicológicos como palavras-chave. Os resultados revelaram que 54,6% dos resumos eram de dissertações de mestrado, 43,3%, de teses de doutorado, e 2,1% eram de teses de pós-doutorado. Destes, 19,15% foram defendidos em Universidades estabelecidas na Região Sul do País, 80,14%, no Sudeste, e 0,71%, no Nordeste. Pode-se constatar que maior concentração da produção científica de avaliação psicológica fica na Região Sudeste. Verificou-se que 60,3% tinham por objetivo buscar parâmetros psicométricos, e 27,7% tinham a finalidade de utilizar os testes para validar protocolos de intervenção, descrever habilidades específicas e estudar relações entre variáveis, e constituem a maioria dos estudos transversais. Os construtos mais estudados são a personalidade e a inteligência, e as áreas de aplicação em que se utiliza mais avaliação psicológica são a clínica e a escolar, de acordo com os resultados do presente estudo.
Como crianças e adolescentes com Distúrbio Específico de Linguagem compreendem a linguagem oral?
Authors: Befi-Lopes Debora Maria , Toba Joyce Raquel
Published: March 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar estudos relevantes sobre as alterações de compreensão em crianças e adolescentes com Distúrbio Específico de Linguagem (DEL). Para tanto, realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico em bases de dados científicas. A literatura revela que essa população pode apresentar dificuldade importante de compreensão oral, atribuída ou à falta de conhecimento linguístico ou a falhas de processamento. Conforme se desenvolvem, as crianças com DEL apresentam evolução das habilidades de compreensão. No entanto, dificuldades persistem mesmo em faixas etárias mais avançadas, como a adolescência. Dessa forma, é importante diagnosticar precocemente tais alterações e intervir devidamente. Pesquisas científicas comprovam a efetividade da terapia fonoaudiológica por meio de técnicas variadas.
Recidiva do apinhamento anterossuperior nas más oclusões de Classe I e Classe II tratadas ortodonticamente sem extrações
Authors: Guirro Willian J. G. , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore de , Freitas Marcos Roberto de , Henriques José Fernando Castanha , Janson Guilherme , Canuto Luiz Filiphe Gonçalves
Published: February 2012

OBJETIVO: o presente estudo objetivou comparar retrospectivamente a estabilidade pós-contenção do alinhamento dos incisivos anterossuperiores em pacientes com Classe I e Classe II. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 38 pacientes de ambos os sexos, tratados sem extrações e com mecânica Edgewise, divididos em dois grupos - Grupo 1, constituído por 19 pacientes, com idade inicial média de 13,06 anos, portadores da má oclusão de Classe I com apinhamento anterossuperior inicial maior que 3mm; Grupo 2, constituído por 19 pacientes, com idade inicial de 12,54 anos, portadores da má oclusão de Classe II e, também, com apinhamento anterossuperior inicial maior que 3mm. Foram medidos nos modelos de estudo, das fases pré- e pós-tratamento e pós-contenção, o índice de irregularidade de Little, as distâncias intercaninos e entre os primeiros e segundos pré-molares, a distância intermolares e o comprimento da arcada superior. Para a comparação intragrupo nos 3 tempos de avaliação, utilizou-se os testes ANOVA e Tukey. A comparação intergrupos foi realizada pelo teste t independente. Para verificação da presença de correlação, utilizou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: os resultados evidenciaram maior estabilidade do tratamento no Grupo 2 (Classe II), pois, durante o período pós-contenção, foi observada recidiva do apinhamento dos dentes anterossuperiores menor no Grupo 2 (0,80mm) do que no Grupo 1 (1,67mm). CONCLUSÃO: concluiu-se que o tratamento do apinhamento dos dentes anterossuperiores é mais estável na má oclusão de Classe II do que na má oclusão de Classe I.
Comprehensive analysis of flooding in unmanaged catchments
Authors: Akbari Gholam H. , Barati Reza
Published: March 2012

Environmental models are intended to represent or simulate natural environmental processes, often in mathematical or statistical terms. Sensitivity analysis is a modelling tool that is essential in proper use of a model because it enables the model user to understand the importance of variables and the effects of errors in inputs on computed outputs. A few studies have reported sensitivity analyses of flood routing parameters. In this study, sensitivity analysis of the parameters of flood routing with the implicit numerical method is investigated through mathematical, statistical and field measurement procedures in three unmanaged catchments of the Persian Gulf region. The results indicate that the importance rankings of various parameters on output results are peak inflow, roughness coefficient, bed slope, bed width, river length, side slope, weighting factor and base flow. The results also show that the effects of input parameter errors on the output results are significant in some cases, such as the peak inflow on the peak outflow and volume of flooding, the river length on the time to peak, the roughness coefficient on the velocity, and the peak inflow, roughness coefficient and bed width on depth.l sweep and ejection events at the edge of floodplain for d/b equal to 0·1. Furthermore, the transition probability of internal, external sweep and external ejection events for d/b = 0·1 decreased at the intersection of the floodplain and main channel. Although scaling of the experimental results requires further study for application to wide rivers, these findings may be useful in practical applications for narrow rivers.
Radiation Model for Row Crops: I. Geometric View Factors and Parameter Optimization
Authors: Colaizzi P. D. , Evett S. R. , Howell T. A. , Li F. , Kustas W. P. , Anderson M. C.
Published: March 2012

Row crops with partial cover result in different radiation partitioning to the soil and canopy compared with full cover; however, methods to account for partial cover have not been adequately investigated. The objectives of this study were to: (i) develop geometric view factors to account for the spatial distribution of row crop vegetation; (ii) combine view factors with a widely used vegetation radiation balance model; and (iii) optimize three parameters required by the model that describe leaf angle, visible leaf absorption, and near‐infrared leaf absorption. Measurements of transmitted and reflected shortwave irradiance for corn (Zea mays L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were used to optimize parameters and evaluate the model. View factors were derived by modeling the crop rows as elliptical hedgerows. The optimized ellipsoid leaf angle parameter, visible leaf absorption, and near‐infrared leaf absorption were 1.0, 0.85, and 0.20 for corn; 1.5, 0.82, and 0.20 for grain sorghum; and 3.0, 0.83, and 0.14 for cotton, respectively. Visible leaf absorption was similar for all crops. Near‐infrared leaf absorption was the same for corn and grain sorghum but less for cotton. The only parameter that changed for each crop species was leaf angle. The optimized parameters for corn and grain sorghum were within the range of values recommended in previous studies, and the leaf angle parameter for cotton agreed with a previous study of cotton leaf angles. All parameters were distinctly identifiable, and no parameter correlation was observed.
Dryland and Irrigated Corn Yield with Climate, Management, and Hybrid Changes from 1939 through 2009
Authors: Assefa Yared , Roozeboom Kraig L. , Staggenborg Scott A. , Du Juan
Published: March 2012

Corn (Zea mays L.) yield has increased from about 1.5 Mg ha−1 in the early 1900s to 8.5 Mg ha−1 in the beginning of the 2000s in the United States. Information about yield and management changes in irrigated and dryland corn yields for the hybrid era is scarce. The objective of the present study was to determine the magnitude of yield and management changes in irrigated and dryland corn from 1939 through 2009. Data from selected irrigated and dryland corn performance trials conducted in Kansas from 1939 through 2009 were analyzed. On average, corn yields have increased at rate of 90 kg ha−1 yr−1 in dryland and 120 kg ha−1 yr−1 in irrigated trials. Corn yield changes from one decade to another were not similar for the seven decades considered. Both irrigated and dryland yields increased significantly at least every two decades until the last three, during which dryland yields stagnated. Changes in hybrid technology and changes in crop management factors, such as a decrease in planting and harvesting date by about a quarter of a day yr−1, increased planting density at the rate of 597 plants ha−1 yr−1, and increased N and P fertilizer rates by 2.6 and 0.40 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, were found for the same time period in dryland corn. In addition, climate changes contributed to yield increases in the past through increased total rainfall, average monthly minimum and maximum temperature in March, and decreased maximum temperature from July through September.
Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rainfed Maize Response to Splitting and Nitrogen Rates in Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Abbasi M. Kaleem , Tahir Majid Mahmood , Sadiq Andlib , Iqbal Mussawar , Zafar Mohsin
Published: March 2012

Efficient use of N for maize (Zea mays L.) production is an important management strategy for increasing crop yield and improving N use efficiency (NUE). A 2‐yr (2007 and 2008) field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of timing and rate of N application on growth and yield, N uptake, and NUE of rainfed maize. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with split‐plot arrangement using three replications. Treatments consisted two application timings—full dose of N at planting or a split application, with half at sowing and half at V6 stage—and seven N rates of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 kg N ha−1 and a control. Results indicated that N fertilization increased straw yield by 34 and 27% and grain yield by 88 and 80% in 2007 and 2008, respectively, over the control. The maximum grain was recorded for 180 kg N ha−1. Splitting N did not show a significant effect in 2007 but displayed a significant increase in both straw and grain yield (6%) over full N application in 2008. The maximum N uptake ranged between 122 and 139 kg N ha−1 and required 180 kg N ha−1 (except split application in 2007). Splitting of N significantly increased N uptake by 6 and 13% (2007 and 2008, respectively). The maximum NUE was observed between 68 and 70% at 90 kg N ha−1 and there was a general trend of decreasing NUE with increasing N rates. Splitting N increased NUE by 14% (2008). Results of this experiment showed that application of 180 kg N ha−1 in split applications is a successful and sustainable management strategy for maize production in rainfed mountainous ecosystems.
Biosolids from Treated Swine Manure and Papermill Residues Affect Corn Fertilizer Value
Authors: Gagnon Bernard , Ziadi Noura , Chantigny Martin H. , Bélanger Gilles , Massé Daniel I.
Published: March 2012

Biosolids derived from treatment of animal manure or industrial effluents can be used on farms, but their fertilizer value must be assessed. A 3‐yr field study was conducted on a clay soil in Quebec, Canada, to evaluate the effect of several biosolids on silage corn dry matter (DM) yield; N‐use efficiency; and soil N, P, Cu, and Zn availability. Raw liquid swine (Sus scrofa) manure (LSM), biosolids from four swine manure treatments (aerobic digestion [AER], anaerobic digestion [DIG], filtration [FIL], anaerobic digestion followed by chemical flocculation [DIG+FLO]), combined papermill biosolids (CPB), de‐inking paper biosolids (DPB), and mineral N fertilizer (MIN) were applied before corn planting at a targeted rate of 150 kg total N ha−1. The DIG and DIG+FLO biosolids resulted in silage corn DM yield, N accumulation, and early season soil N availability comparable to LSM with an N‐use efficiency about 70% of that for MIN. The AER biosolid resulted in low DM yield with an N‐use efficiency only 10% of that for MIN; FIL and CPB had an N‐use efficiency almost 40% of that for MIN, whereas DPB caused a decline in DM yield compared to a no‐N control. The LSM‐derived biosolids increased availability of soil P (0.34 kg kg−1 excess P) and, to some extent, Cu and Zn. The CPB and DPB biosolids had little impact on soil P, but DPB markedly increased Zn availability. Manure‐derived biosolids and CPB were satisfactory N sources for silage corn while manure‐derived biosolids caused soil P enrichment when applied based on crop N requirement.
CASE REPORT - -Combined General and Spinal Anesthesia for Lumbar decompression in an
Opioid-intolerant Patient: Intra-operative Administration of Intrathecal
Bupivacaine via the Surgical Incision
Authors: D. Wilkins Stephen , A. Alston Theodore , Wang Jingping
Published: February 2012

We illustrate repeat dosing of spinal anesthesia as a means to avoid opioids during lumbar surgery for a patient
intolerant of opioids.

A patient required redo lumbar surgery but had a marked history of nausea, vomiting and retching in response to opioids.
A propofol-based anesthetic was supplemented with intravenous ketamine and intrathecal bupivacaine. The first dose of
bupivacaine receded during the lengthy surgical procedure but was supplemented by means of a 25-gauge pencil-point
needle passed through the exposed dura. Postoperatively, there was no spinal fluid leak, no headache, and no nausea.

Supplementation of intrathecal anesthesia under direct dural vision during lengthy lumbar surgery is facile, can help to
obviate a need for opioids, and can aid in avoidance of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Mobile Phones and Head Tumours: A Critical Analysis of Case-Control Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Gino Levis Angelo , Minicuci Nadia , Ricci Paolo , Gennaro Valerio , Garbisa Spiridione
Published: February 2012

Protocols and results of case-control studies, pooled- and meta-analyses on the relationship between mobile
phone use and risk of head tumours are critically analysed, and for each study strict elements necessary for evaluating its
reliability are identified and applied (see Methods). In studies funded by public bodies, blind protocols give positive
results revealing cause-effect relationships between long-term latency or use of mobile phones (cellulars and cordless) and
statistically significant increases of ipsilateral risk of brain gliomas and acoustic neuromas, with biological plausibility. In
studies funded or co-funded by the cellphone companies non-blind protocols give overall negative results with systematic
underestimation of risk; however, also in these studies a statistically significant increase in risk of ipsilateral brain
gliomas, acoustic neuromas, and parotid gland tumours is quite common when only subjects with at least 10 years of
latency or exposure to mobile phones (only cellulars) are considered. Informed precautionary measures are therefore
recommended as a step towards reducing risk of head tumours, especially for young people and those making intense use
of cellular and cordless phones.
The Relationship of Students' Personality Traits and Psychosocial Characteristics with Academic Retention
Authors: Munt Jane A. , Merydith Scott P.
Published: March 2012

This study investigated whether academic non-achievers differed from academic achievers in terms of their personal characteristics. A sample of 216 undergraduate students that were either enrolled in a college restoration program or part of a control group were administered the 16PF-5 Personality Questionnaire (Cattell, Cattell, & Cattell, 1993) and the College Student Questionnaire measuring five psychosocial factors. MANOVAs and independent t-tests revealed significant group differences for six of the primary personality traits, two global personality factors, and three psychosocial factors. Multiple regression analyses showed that time management served as a mediator of GPA with personality traits and psychosocial factors having direct and indirect moderating affects on time management.
Comparative effectiveness of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors in hypertension
Authors: White C Michael
Published: March 2012

Evaluation of: Powers BJ, Coeytaux RR, Dolor RJ
et al.
Updated report on comparative effectiveness of ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and direct renin inhibitors for patients with essential hypertension: much more data, little new information.
J. Gen. Intern. Med.
doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1938-8 (2012) (Epub ahead of print).

Hypertension is a chronic problem in the USA and there are three main ways to block the renin–angiotensin system: direct renin inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). This article is a summary of a direct comparative effectiveness review of direct comparative trials in patients with hypertension. In patients with hypertension, ACEIs and ARBs provide similar blood pressure effects and no differences were seen in final health outcomes. ARBs have less ACE-induced cough and fewer withdrawals due to adverse events. Direct renin inhibitors versus ACE inhibitors or ARBs have not been extensively studied and their role is less clear.