bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Multiquadric Functions for Multivariable Representation of the Aerodynamic Coefficients of Airfoils
Authors: Ribeiro Filipe , Albuquerque Pedro , Gamboa Pedro , Bousson Kouamana
Published: April 2021

Given an array (or matrix) of values for a function of one or more variables, it is often desired to find a value between two given points. Multivariable interpolation and approximation by radial basis functions are important subjects in approximation theory that have many applications in Science and Engineering fields. During the last decades, radial basis functions (RBFs) have found increasingly widespread use for functional approximation of scattered data. This research work aims at benchmarking two different approaches: an approximation by radial basis functions and a piecewise linear multivariable interpolation in terms of their effectiveness and efficiency in order to conclude about the advantages and disadvantages of each approach in approximating the aerodynamic coefficients of airfoils. The main focus of this article is to study the main factors that affect the accuracy of the multiquadric functions, including the location and quantity of centers and the choice of the form factor. It also benchmarks them against piecewise linear multivariable interpolation regarding their precision throughout the selected domain and the computational cost required to accomplish a given amount of solutions associated with the aerodynamic coefficients of lift, drag and pitching moment. The approximation functions are applied to two different multidimensional cases: two independent variables, where the aerodynamic coefficients depend on the Reynolds number (Re) and the angle-of-attack (α), and four independent variables, where the aerodynamic coefficients depend on Re, α, flap chord ratio (cflap), and flap deflection (δflap).
Experimental Study of the Effect of the Expansion Segment Geometry on the Atomization of a Plain-Jet Airblast Atomizer
Authors: Jin Yi , Yao Kanghong , He Xiaomin , Zhang Kai , Wang Yunbiao
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the idea of adding an expansion segment over traditional airblast atomizer is proposed to improve the spray performance. According to the systematic experiments, the Sauter mean diameter, the droplet size distribution, and the droplet axial mean velocity were obtained to evaluate the spray performance. The correlations between spray performance and four geometrical parameters of the expansion segment which include the length, the angle, the throat area, and position of liquid jet are considered. The atomizer operates at atmospheric pressure and temperature, and the air liquid ratio range is from 0.48 to 2.85. The data of the results were measured by Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer. The results show that more uniform droplet size distribution can be achieved with the addition of expansion segment, and the droplet size distribution factor

q

of the case adding the expansion segment is 52.8% bigger than that of the case with no expansion segment.

q

increases as the length and angle of expansion segment increase. The Sauter mean diameter can be reduced by either reducing the length or angle of expansion segment. As for droplet velocity, it is determined that the droplet velocity increases along the radial direction, which is noteworthy because opposite trend is reported for traditional plain-jet atomizers. With an increase of the length, angle, and throat area of the expansion segment, the droplet axial velocity decays.
A Two-Stage Path Planning Method for the Rearrangement Problem in Modular Puzzle-Based Storage System
Authors: Guo Penghui , Xiao Fei , Rui Wanzhi , Jia Zhengrong , Xu Jin
Published: April 2021

The modular puzzle-based storage system consists of multiple storage modules. The system has multiple input/output (IO) points which can simultaneously deal with multiple orders in one batch. When a batch of orders comes in advance, it is necessary to rearrange the items near each IO point to reduce the picking time of customers. To complete the rearrangement quickly, this paper proposes a two-stage path planning method considering the simultaneous movement of multiple items. This method includes two stages: planning single moves and merging single moves. In the first stage, the sequence of single moves of each module needs to be obtained so as to convert the system from an initial state to a target state. In the second stage, the single moves in the sequence are merged into block moves and parallel moves to reduce the steps of movement. The simulation results show that the single move planning method can be used to solve the rearrangement problem stably and effectively and that the single move merging method can greatly optimize the experimental results with the optimization rate more than 50% in different configurations.
Identifying the Thermal Storage Stability of Polymer‐Modified Asphalt with Carbon Nanotubes Based on Its Macroperformance and Micromorphology
Authors: Liu Xi-yin , Wang Peng , Lu Yu , Zhang Tian-tao , Wang Li-zhi , Wang Tong-fu
Published: April 2021

The thermal storage stability of polymer‐modified asphalt (PMA) is the key to avoid performance attenuation during storage and transportation in pavement engineering. However, phase separation of PMA continuously occurs after long‐term thermal storage due to the overlooked influence of the phase interface. Two kinds of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and styrene‐butadiene‐styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) were selected in this paper to address the aforementioned issue. The segregation test was used to simulate the long‐term storage process from 0 to 10 days. Macroperformance included the softening point difference (△SP), irrecoverable compliance (Jnr), recovery rate (R%), and complex modulus (G∗) measured by the softening point test, multistress creep recovery (MSCR) test, and small strain oscillatory rheological test. Microcharacteristics were obtained by the SBS characteristic peak index, SBS‐rich phase distribution, polymer swelling degree, and particle characteristics of the SBS‐rich phase. They were measured by Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), fluorescence microscopy (FM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Results showed that the optimum CNT amount necessary to obtain an improved thermal storage stability of PMA was 0.5 wt.%. After 10 days of storage, the largest R% of SBS modified asphalt (SBSMA) decreased to 2.24% and the smallest Jnr increased to 0.069 1/kPa, while R% of SBSMA with CNTs was 62.15% and its Jnr was 0.013 1/kPa. R% and Jnr of SBSMA with CNTs showed almost no change after 6 days of storage, implying an effective antirutting performance. The results from the microperformance investigation showed that phase separation of SBS mainly occurred on day 4, while SBS degradation and base asphalt aging led to the worse macroperformance after 10 days of storage. Additional CNTs restrained the SBS‐rich phase from floating upward. Meanwhile, a small size of polymer‐rich phase and dense network of SBSMA with CNTs were observed in fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy images, thereby exhibiting improved thermal storage stability. Adding CNTs would retard the segregation due to CNT entanglement with SBS.
Transverse Momentum and Pseudorapidity Spectrum of the Top Quark, Lepton, and
b
Jet in Proton-Proton Collisions at LHC
Authors: Gao Li-Na , Wang Er-Qin
Published: April 2021

We study the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity spectrum of the top quark and their decay products, the

t

t
¯

system, and the total number of jets in proton-proton (pp) collisions at 13 TeV by using the Tsallis-Pareto-type function and the three-source Landau hydrodynamic model, respectively. The related parameters, such as the effective temperature of the interacting system (

T

), the nonextensivity of the process (

n

), and the width (

σ

) of pseudorapidity distribution, are extracted.
Freezing Pressurized Water into a Standard Cylindrical Ice Sample in a Triaxial Cell
Authors: Wang Baosheng , Sun Peixin , Luo Tingting , Zhang Tao , Yang Weihao
Published: April 2021

The mechanical characteristics of high-pressure frozen ice are a basis for the design of deep underground frozen walls, the drilling of thick permafrost and ice sheets, and the probing of extraterrestrial ice. The continuous control of the sample stress state from freezing to testing is essential for the experimental study of in situ mechanical response of high-pressure frozen ice. In the context, we developed a preparation technique for freezing pressurized water into a standard cylindrical ice sample in a triaxial cell. Through theoretical analysis, a cylindrical water sample with precise dimensions and strong sealing was fabricated using heat shrinkable tubing, sectional end caps, and an assembly cylinder. A mounting device was designed to insert the water sample into the triaxial cell without deformation. In order to deal with the lateral surface irregular of the resulting ice sample caused by freezing expansion, we proposed a pressurization method in which the volume of the confining medium is controlled to restrict the radial deformation of the sample, and the axial pressure on the sample is kept constant; thus, the freezing expansion will develop along the height direction through releasing the expansion pressure. Based on the analysis of sample deformation and finite element numerical simulations, the control method of the temperature fields of the sample and the confining medium was obtained, and the standard cylindrical ice sample which satisfies the geometric accuracy requirements was produced. The comparison of ice samples frozen by different freezing methods showed that the control of the confining medium mean temperature and the sample unidirectional freezing is necessary to improve the dimensional precision of the ice sample.
Intestinal Microbiota and Liver Diseases: Insights into Therapeutic Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Wang Tingshuai , Huang Shaodong , Wu Cong , Wang Na , Zhang Rongzhen , Wang Minggang , Mao Dewen
Published: April 2021

Liver disease is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, for which inflammation, alcohol use, lipid metabolic disorders, disturbance to bile acid metabolism, and endotoxins are common risk factors. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with its “holistic approach” is widely used throughout the world as a complementary, alternative therapy, due to its clinical efficacy and reduced side effects compared with conventional medicines. However, due to a lack of reliable scientific evidence, the role of TCM in the prevention and treatment of liver disease remains unclear. Over recent years, with the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing, 16S rRNA detection, and bioinformatics methodology, it has been gradually recognized that the regulation of intestinal microbiota by TCM can play a substantial role in the treatment of liver disease. To better understand how TCM regulates the intestinal microbiota and suppresses liver disease, we have reviewed and analyzed the results of existing studies and summarized the relationship and risk factors between intestinal microbiota and liver disease. The present review summarizes the related mechanisms by which TCM affects the composition and metabolites of the intestinal microbiome.
Emodin‐Induced Oxidative Inhibition of Mitochondrial Function Assists BiP/IRE1α/CHOP Signaling‐Mediated ER‐Related Apoptosis
Authors: Qiu Li-zhen , Yue Lan-xin , Ni Yu-hao , Zhou Wei , Huang Cong-shu , Deng Hui-fang , Wang Ning-ning , Liu Hong , Liu Xian , Zhou Yong-qiang , Xiao Cheng-rong , Wang Yu-guang , Gao Yue
Published: April 2021

Cassiae Semen is a widely used herbal medicine and a popular edible variety in many dietary or health beverage. Emerging evidence disclosed that improper administration of Cassiae Semen could induce obvious liver injury, which is possibly attributed to emodin, one of the bioactive anthraquinone compounds in Cassiae Semen, which caused hepatotoxicity, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Hence, the present study firstly explored the possible role of oxidative stress‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in emodin‐cause apoptosis of L02 cells, aiming to elaborate possible toxic mechanisms involved in emodin‐induced hepatotoxicity. Our results showed that emodin‐induced ROS activated ER stress and the UPR via the BiP/IRE1α/CHOP signaling pathway, followed by ER Ca2+ release and cytoplasmic Ca2+ overloading. At the same time, emodin‐caused redox imbalance increased mtROS while decreased MMP and mitochondrial function, resulting in the leaks of mitochondrial‐related proapoptotic factors. Interestingly, blocking Ca2+ release from ER by 2‐APB could inhibit emodin‐induced apoptosis of L02, but the restored mitochondrial function did not reduce the apoptosis rates of emodin‐treated cells. Besides, tunicamycin (TM) and doxorubicin (DOX) were used to activate ER stress and mitochondrial injury at a dosage where obvious apoptosis was not observed, respectively. We found that cotreatment with TM and DOX significantly induced apoptosis of L02 cells. Thus, all the results indicated that emodin‐induced excessive ROS generation and redox imbalance promoted apoptosis, which was mainly associated with BiP/IRE1α/CHOP signaling‐mediated ER stress and would be enhanced by oxidative stress‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Altogether, this finding has implicated that redox imbalance‐mediated ER stress could be an alternative target for the treatment of Cassiae Semen or other medicine‐food homologous varieties containing emodin‐induced liver injury.
Deciphering Pharmacological Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction for Spinal Cord Injury by Network Pharmacology Approach
Authors: Xiong Zhencheng , Yang Feng , Li Wenhao , Tang Xiangsheng , Ma Haoni , Yi Ping
Published: April 2021

Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of the Chinese herbal formula Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD), which is commonly used to treat nerve injuries, in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) using a network pharmacology method. Methods. BYHWD-related targets were obtained by mining the TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases, and SCI-related targets were obtained by mining the DisGeNET, TTD, CTD, GeneCards, and MalaCards databases. The overlapping targets of the abovementioned targets may be potential therapeutic targets for BYHWD anti-SCI. Subsequently, we performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, screened the hub genes using Cytoscape software, performed Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and finally achieved molecular docking between the hub proteins and key active compounds. Results. The 189 potential therapeutic targets for BYHWD anti-SCI were overlapping targets of 744 BYHWD-related targets and 923 SCI-related targets. The top 10 genes obtained subsequently included AKT1, IL6, MAPK1, TNF, TP53, VEGFA, CASP3, ALB, MAPK8, and JUN. Fifteen signaling pathways were also screened out after enrichment analysis and literature search. The results of molecular docking of key active compounds and hub target proteins showed a good binding affinity for both. Conclusion. This study shows that BYHWD anti-SCI is characterized by a multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway synergy and provides new insights to explore the specific mechanisms of BYHWD against SCI.
Application of Internet of Things Compressed Sensing and Information Interaction Technology in Intelligent Transportation Layout
Authors: Li Na , Wu Ze , Zhao Zhongbiao
Published: April 2021

With the continuous development of economy, the number of motor vehicles has increased sharply, and urban traffic congestion has become more and more frequent. Urban traffic congestion has become one of the important reasons that hinder the continuous development of major cities. In order to better solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, it is more urgent to build urban intelligent transportation system. The technology related to Internet of things is becoming more and more mature, which has become a new idea of collecting traffic information, providing convenience for traffic, and injecting vitality into the study of intelligent transportation layout. The traffic system in the city or the main traffic intersection, through the traffic guidance layout road, provides the traffic instruction for the passenger on the highway network, enables the driver to choose the suitable driving road, can provide the travel guidance service for the driver, adjusts the flow distribution, and improves the traffic condition. This paper describes the research status of intelligent transportation layout and uses the basic theory of compressed sensing and information interaction technology to carry out data fusion and reconstruction algorithm in intelligent transportation. Finally, the application of compressed sensing in intelligent transportation layout is summarized to realize data collection in intelligent transportation network. In this paper, compressed sensing theory is applied to the data acquisition of intelligent transportation network to reduce the amount of data and improve the effective data acquisition. The reconstruction algorithm is used to realize the data reconstruction to ensure the accuracy and stability of signal reconstruction and the accuracy of network transmission information.
MR Virtual Endoscopy of the Fetal Limb Anomalies Using Three-Dimensional Fast Imaging Employing Steady-State Acquisition Sequence
Authors: Bao Yuwei , Wan Weijia , Li Qian , Hu Qiongjie , Pang Ying , Wang Juan , Tang Dazhong , Xia Liming , Sun Ziyan
Published: April 2021

Objective: To retrospectively investigate the feasibility of magnetic resonance virtual endoscopy (MRVE) to visualize the normal limbs and limb deformities Methods: MR sequences included two-dimensional (2D) single fast spin-echo sequence and 2D and 3D steady-state procession fast imaging sequences. MRVE reconstruction was retrospectively performed by 2 radiologists in 32 fetuses in 30 pregnant women. The correlation between the radiologists for the virtual endoscopy threshold of MRVE was determined. Image quality and limb segment visibility were independently rated. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 2D MRI and MRVE was calculated. Results: The mean virtual endoscopy threshold required for the visualization of the limb was 991.93 ± 12.13 and 991.83 ± 12.26 for 2 radiologists, respectively. The correlation between the radiologists for virtual endoscopy threshold was excellent (r = 0.933). The weighted kappa statistic was 0.96 for the evaluation of image quality of limb segments, indicating excellent interobserver agreement. Compared to that of 2D MRI alone, a higher AUC of 2D MRI with MRVE was achieved in detection of both upper and lower limb deformities (0.91 vs. 0.69 and 0.83 vs. 0.71, respectively). Conclusion: MRVE may display normal and abnormal fetal limb orientation and structures from multiple perspectives and provide incremental information for obstetrics.
Small Airway Dysfunction in Asthma Is Associated with Perceived Respiratory Symptoms, Non-Type 2 Airway Inflammation, and Poor Responses to Therapy
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Li , Li Hong Lin , Liang Bin Miao , Wang Ji , Zhang Xin , Chen Zhi Hong , Zhang Hong Ping , Xie Min , Wang Lei , Wang Gang , Oliver Brian G.
Published: April 2021

Background: Emerging evidence has indicated that small airway dysfunction (SAD) contributes to the clinical expression of asthma. Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the relationships of SAD assessed by forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% (FEF25–75%), with clinical and inflammatory profile and treatment responsiveness in asthma. Method: In study I, dyspnea intensity (Borg scale), chest tightness, wheezing and cough (visual analog scales, VASs), and pre- and post-methacholine challenge testing (MCT) were analyzed in asthma patients with SAD and non-SAD. In study II, asthma subjects with SAD and non-SAD underwent sputum induction, and inflammatory mediators in sputum were detected. Asthma patients with SAD and non-SAD receiving fixed treatments were prospectively followed up for 4 weeks in study III. Spirometry, Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), and Asthma Control Test (ACT) were carried out to define treatment responsiveness. Results: SAD subjects had more elevated ΔVAS for dyspnea (p = 0.027) and chest tightness (p = 0.032) after MCT. Asthma patients with SAD had significantly elevated interferon (IFN)-γ in sputum (p < 0.05), and Spearman partial correlation found FEF25–75% significantly related to IFN-γ and interleukin-8 (both having p < 0.05). Furthermore, multivariable regression analysis indicated SAD was significantly associated with worse treatment responses (decrease in ACQ ≥0.5 and increase in ACT ≥3) (p = 0.022 and p = 0.032). Conclusions: This study indicates that SAD in asthma predisposes patients to greater dyspnea intensity and chest tightness during bronchoconstriction. SAD patients with asthma are characterized by non-type 2 inflammation that may account for poor responsiveness to therapy.
Bone Quality in CKD Patients: Current Concepts and Future Directions – Part I
Authors: Asadipooya Kamyar , Abdalbary Mohamed , Ahmad Yahya , Kakani Elijah , Monier-Faugere Marie-Claude , El-Husseini Amr
Published: April 2021

Background: There is ample evidence that patients with CKD have an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. Bone fragility is not only influenced by low bone volume and mass but also by poor microarchitecture and tissue quality. More emphasis has been given to the quantitative rather than qualitative assessment of bone health, both in general population and CKD patients. Although bone mineral density (BMD) is a very useful clinical tool in assessing bone strength, it may underestimate the fracture risk in CKD patients. Serum and urinary bone biomarkers have been found to be reflective of bone activities and predictive of fractures independently of BMD in CKD patients. Bone quality and fracture risk in CKD patients can be better assessed by utilizing new technologies such as trabecular bone score and high-resolution imaging studies. Additionally, invasive assessments such as bone histology and micro-indentation are useful counterparts in the evaluation of bone quality. Summary: A precise diagnosis of the underlying skeletal abnormalities in CKD patients is crucial to prevent further bone loss and fractures. We must consider bone quantity and quality abnormalities for management of CKD patients. Here in this part I, we are focusing on advances in bone quality diagnostics that are expected to help in proper understanding of the bone health in CKD patients. Key Messages: Assessment of bone quality and quantity in CKD patients is essential. Both noninvasive and invasive techniques for the assessment of bone quality are available.
Immunometabolic Endothelial Phenotypes: Integrating Inflammation and Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Xiao Wusheng , Oldham William M. , Priolo Carmen , Pandey Arvind K. , Loscalzo Joseph
Published: April 2021

Rationale:

Specific mechanisms linking inflammation and metabolic reprogramming—two hallmarks of many pathobiological processes—remain incompletely defined.

Objective:

To delineate the integrative regulatory actions governing inflammation and metabolism in endothelial cells.

Methods and Results:

Metabolomic profiling, glucose labeling and tracing, and Seahorse extracellular flux analyses revealed that the inflammatory mediators, TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and lipopolysaccharide, extensively reprogram cellular metabolism and particularly enhance glycolysis, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and the pentose phosphate pathway in primary human arterial endothelial cells. Mechanistically, the enhancement in glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway is mediated by activation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B)–PFKFB3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase 3) axis and upregulation of G6PD (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase), respectively, while enhanced OXPHOS was attributed to suppression of the FOXO1 (forkhead box O1)-PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4) axis. Restoration of the FOXO1-PDK4 axis attenuated the TNFα- or lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in OXPHOS but worsened inflammation in vitro, whereas enhancement of OXPHOS by pharmacological blockade of PDKs attenuated inflammation in mesenteric vessels of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. Notably, suppression of
G6PD
expression or its activity potentiated the metabolic shift to glycolysis or endothelial inflammation, while inhibition of the NF-κB–PFKFB3 signaling, conversely, blunted the increased glycolysis or inflammation in in vitro and in vivo sepsis models.

Conclusions:

These results indicate that inflammatory mediators modulate the metabolic fates of glucose and that stimulation of glycolysis promotes inflammation, whereas enhancement of OXPHOS and the pentose phosphate pathway suppresses inflammation in the endothelium. Characterization of these immunometabolic phenotypes may have implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of many cardiovascular diseases.
Some Proposed Connections between the Visions of Amram and the Four Kingdoms in View of the Aramaic Literature from Qumran
Authors: Machiela Daniel A.
Published: April 2021

The Visions of Amram (4Q543–549) and Four Kingdoms (4Q552–553) are two Aramaic compositions from Qumran that have been recognized to contain apocalyptic dream-visions. In this article I propose some special connections between the dream-visions in these two works, centered on similar dialogues that take place between the seers in each text and characters seen in the dreams. These connections suggest that the Visions of Amram and Four Kingdoms emerged from a shared or closely related authorial setting. I also suggest that the connections discussed in this article are indicative of other literary affinities exhibited more generally among the Qumran Aramaic corpus, affinities that point toward a broader literary movement of which the Visions of Amram and Four Kingdoms were part.
Born of Woman, Fashioned from Clay
Authors: Meyer Nicholas A.
Published: April 2021

This essay traces the features of a symbolic construct which seldom garners much attention among scholars of biblical and Second Temple texts, including the Dead Sea Scrolls, namely, the likening of earth and womb. It contends that understanding this symbolism brings clarity to several texts whose interpretation is disputed and illuminates important aspects of sectarian thought, including a perspective on human sexuality which has escaped some current scholarship. The representation of the sexed body in the Thanksgiving Psalms (or “Hodayot”) receives extended attention. These psalms, it is shown, have been influenced by the negative rhetorical application of the phrase “born of woman” as found in the book of Job and by a tradition reflected in Jubilees and 4Q265 which employs the creation of Adam and Eve as a paradigm for the purification of new mothers (as described in Lev 12). The argument will show how a homology of earth and womb lies behind or can be derived from each of these traditions and how it comes to shape a profoundly negative, if highly contextualized, view of sexuality in the Psalms of Thanksgiving.
Ajax behind the skēnē
Authors: Catrambone Marco
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses problems of staging, address and word order in Greek tragedy to shed light on a controversial passage in Sophocles: Aj. 339-343. Ajax’s cry within, ἰὼ παῖ παῖ (339), has been alternatively taken to refer to Eurysaces (as suggested by Tecmessa) or to Teucer (whom Ajax mentions at 342-343). The paper argues for Teucer and responds to three arguments against this view: (1) παῖ is not only acceptable, but also effective to address one’s sibling; (2) the word order of 342, Τεῦκρον καλῶ, strictly implies ‘It’s Teucer I’m calling’ (not just: ‘I call on Teucer’), hence it cannot mark the move to a new addressee; (3) it is hardly possible for Ajax not to hear Tecmessa’s 340-341: short interactions across the skēnē door may occur, and the parallel scene at Euripides, Medea 1270a-1278 suggests that Ajax most likely hears Tecmessa’s words and corrects her wrong guess.
Aesthetic Experience and Creativity in Interactive Art
Authors: Savaş Esma Betül , Verwijmeren Thijs , van Lier Rob
Published: April 2021

Interactive art, which is art that relies on the participation of a spectator and in which the spectators enter the creative process, has changed the way people relate with artworks. An experiment was conducted in a laboratory with an interactive artwork (Temporal Perspectives by Doruk Kumkuoğlu and Sadettin Bilal Savaş, 2016) to investigate whether interactivity is a factor that plays a role in the aesthetic emotions and creativity of the spectator. The results indicated a significant increase in beauty, in response to interactive art. Partial correlational network analyses were conducted to further investigate the emotional experience of the artworks in both conditions. These analyses showed differences between the conditions in the emotional response to interactive art. However, cognitive flexibility of participants did not differ between conditions. The results indicate that interactivity should be taken into account as an element that affects the perception of art.
Plantation as Mission: American Indians, Enslaved Africans, and Jesuit Missionaries in Maryland
Authors: Masur Laura E.
Published: April 2021

Jesuit endeavors in Maryland are difficult to categorize as either missions or plantations. Archaeological sites associated with the Maryland Mission/ Province bear similarities to Jesuit mission sites in New France as well as plantations in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is clear that in Maryland, the Jesuits did not enforce a distinction between missions as places of conversion and plantations as sites of capitalist production. Moreover, people of American Indian, African, and European ancestry have been connected with Maryland’s Jesuit plantations throughout their history. Archaeological evidence of Indian missions in Maryland—however fragmented—contributes to a narrative of the Maryland mission that is at odds with prevailing nineteenth- and twentieth-century histories. Archaeology demonstrates the importance of critically reflecting on available historical evidence, including a historiographic focus on either mission or plantation, on the written history of Jesuits in the Americas. Furthermore, historical archaeologists must reconceptualize missions as both places and practices.
“The Grace of God and Virtue of Obedience”: The Archaeology of Slavery and the Jesuit Hacienda Systems of Nasca, Peru, 1619–1767
Authors: Weaver Brendan J. M.
Published: April 2021

Multi-scalar archaeological exploration offers new insights for understanding Jesuit estate systems and the slavery they depended on for agroindustrial production. Since 2009, ethnohistorical and archaeological research on two haciendas, San Joseph and San Francisco Xavier de la Nasca, in south coastal Peru’s Ingenio Valley, has illuminated the Jesuit institutions of slavery and the hacienda in colonial Peru. Belonging to two distinct Jesuit institutions, the estates supported schools in Cuzco and Lima, respectively. Since acquiring their first properties in Nasca in 1619, both colleges grew their haciendas by absorbing neighboring fields and noncontiguous lands throughout the region, becoming the largest, most profitable vineyards in the viceroyalty by the time of the expulsion of the Society of Jesus from the Spanish empire in 1767. Both hacienda administrations took similar approaches to property management and the large enslaved population that worked them, negotiating the cosmopolitanism of the communities and balancing obligations for evangelization and Christian discipline with the demands for agroindustrial production.
What it Means to be an Evangelical Today – An Antipodean Perspective Part One – Mapping our Movement
Authors: Hitchen John M.
Published: April 2021

In the first part of this article the author attempts an analysis of the current state of evangelicalism, outlining the different groups that can be found within it, and charting some of its distinctive features – its character as a protest and renewal movement, its custodial and combative mentality, its striving for contextualisation, its dynamic centres, and its new heartlands in the Two-Thirds World. He identifies two challenges: the need for self-definition and the identification of boundaries, and the need to maintain ecumenism and avoid fragmentation.
Geographical distribution of Emesis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) in Mexico: Updated checklist and temporal patterns
Authors: TRUJANO-ORTEGA MARYSOL , CALLAGHAN CURTIS J. , ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS ARTURO , LUIS-MARTÍNEZ ARMANDO , ÁVALOS-HERNÁNDEZ OMAR , LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS JORGE
Published: April 2021

We present a synthesis of the existing information on the genus Emesis Fabricius in Mexico concerning biogeographical patterns and taxonomical aspects. Emesis is the most diverse genus of Emesidini with 57 species and subspecies, with Mexico as the northern limit of this Neotropical genus. We analyzed 5434 specimens of the Lepidoptera Collection of the MZFC, UNAM and compared them with specimens from collections of Mexico, Central and South America. Taxonomic determination and corroboration were made by analysis of wing patterns and genitalia. Geographic distribution and phenology were obtained from the database MARIPOSA. We present an updated list of Emesis of Mexico, with 17 species and subspecies. For each species, we provide information on phenology, geographic, altitudinal, and vegetation distributions. We discuss taxonomic and undersampling concerns for some species, as well as spatial and temporal patterns with special reference to vegetation types and biogeographic provinces in Mexico.
Strengthening influence of El Niño on the following spring precipitation over the Indo-China Peninsula
Authors: Li Gen , Gao Chujie , Xu Bei , Lu Bo , Chen Haishan , Ma Hedi , Li Xing
Published: April 2021

El Niño is a dominant source of interannual climate variability around the world. Based on the observed and reanalyzed datasets for the period of 1958-2019, this study explores the influence of El Niño on the spring precipitation over the Indo-China Peninsula (ICP). The results show that El Niño has a significant negative correlation with the following spring precipitation over the ICP. However, this climatic teleconnection of El Niño was unstable, with an obvious interdecadal strengthening since the early 1990s. During the decaying spring, the El Niño-related sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies would induce an abnormal downward motion along with an anomalous low-level anticyclone over the western North Pacific. Before the early 1990s, such El Niño-induced atmospheric circulation anomalies were located to the east of the ICP, exerting little influence on the spring ICP precipitation. In contrast, since the early 1990s, the abnormal downward motion and anomalous low-level anticyclone extended westwards covering the whole ICP, hampering local spring precipitation. This interdecadal change is owing to a relatively stronger intensity and longer duration of the El Niño-related warm SST anomalies over the tropical central Pacific in the epoch after the early 1990s (1992-2019) than in the previous decades (1958-1991). Our findings highlight a strengthening effect of El Niño on the following spring climate over the ICP since the early 1990s, which has great implications for the regional climate prediction.
Exhibitions as Public Health Interventions: The University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society
Authors: Riter Robert B. , Bailey Kevin , Hirschy Jeff
Published: April 2021

Can exhibitions of artifacts from the tobacco industry, its allies and critics, act as a public health intervention? The University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society is a curatorial and research center dedicated to the creation of exhibitions on the tobacco industry and its allies, the marketing of cigarettes and other tobacco products, and the efforts to counteract the use and promotion of cigarettes throughout the 20th century to the present day (Blum, 1994, p. 8). Physical and digital exhibitions provide social and historical context to increase public understanding of a deadly product which, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, kills 1,300 Americans a day. University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society collects “communication artifacts” of the tobacco industry, from ubiquitous advertisements to subtler promotional efforts such as financial support for museums and other cultural institutions. This summary of the center’s work spotlights archives, curated and made public through exhibitions.
Otolaryngologists’ Attitudes toward In-Office Pediatric Tympanostomy Tube Placement without General Anesthesia
Authors: Schild Sam D. , Rosenfeld Richard M.
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

Our objectives were to assess attitudes regarding office-based insertion of tympanostomy tubes without general anesthesia, to identify barriers that would discourage in-office procedures, and to highlight opportunities that would potentially facilitate this approach in the future.

Methods:

Cross-sectional survey administered to members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) from March to April 2020 using the Research Electronic Data Capture (Redcap), internet-based data capture platform. The brief, 10-item survey required 3 minutes to complete and used a 5-point Likert scale for primary questions.

Results:

Respondents included 172 fellowship trained, pediatric otolaryngologists with 14 median years of clinical practice and 25 median tympanostomy tube insertions per month (75% >40 per month). Although tubes, in any setting, were most often inserted in children under age 2 years (95% “often” or “very often”) and in those aged 3 to 5 years (93%), the likelihoods of doing this in-office for these age groups were only 8% and 6% respectively. For children aged 6 to 12 years, likelihood of in-office insertion was only 15%. Frequent barriers noted were safety concerns, emotional trauma, physical pain, and inability to suction. Opportunities to facilitate this approach include improved topical anesthesia, availability of conscious sedation, conclusive research on adverse effects of general anesthesia, and availability of an automated tube insertion device.

Conclusion:

Office-based insertion of tympanostomy tubes in children without general anesthesia is performed by a small minority of respondents, but there are discernible barriers and opportunities to promote future uptake. Our results should facilitate ongoing discussion and innovation to better accommodate the preferences of families whose children are candidates for tympanostomy tubes.
Predicting Gag, Discomfort, and Laryngeal Visualization in Patients Undergoing Flexible Laryngoscopy with Stroboscopy
Authors: Kiessling Patrick , Bayan Semirra , Lohse Christine , Orbelo Diana
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To investigate potential associations between the Predictive Gagging Survey (PGS) with patient experience of gag and discomfort as well as provider perception of patient gag and level of laryngeal visualization during flexible laryngoscopy with stroboscopy (FL-S).

Methods:

A total of 53 adult patients undergoing FL-S were recruited for this prospective non-controlled study. PGS was completed before FL-S. Patients rated perceived level of gag and discomfort on a 10-point severity scale after FL-S. Additionally, providers completed a Gagging Severity Index (GSI) reflecting their impression of patient gag and level of laryngeal visualization following FL-S. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to assess associations.

Results:

There was a positive association with PGS score and patient perception of gagging (0.34; P = .013) and patient perception of discomfort (0.38; P = .005). No significant association was found between PGS score and provider GSI (−0.12; P = .39) or level of laryngeal visualization (0.15; P = .29). A negative association was found between level of laryngeal visualization and patient perception of gagging (−0.34; P = .012) and discomfort (−0.44; P = .001). No significant differences were found between current and former smokers compared to never smokers for GSI or patient-perceived gag or discomfort.

Conclusions:

While not predictive of GSI or level of laryngeal visualization, the PGS was found to be a useful tool in predicting patient experience of gagging and discomfort during FL-S, further reinforcing the subjective experience of this procedure. Use of the PGS may be helpful in identifying specific candidates who may struggle with subjective discomfort or gagging during FL-S for future studies considering interventions to manage and meaningfully decrease discomfort. Having such an instrument is important given the low number of individuals who struggle with discomfort during the exam.
Money justice
Authors: Daly Kathleen , Davis Juliet
Published: April 2021

Money justice—defined as money offered and paid to victims in the aftermath of wrongs—permeates society and everyday life. Current mechanisms of money justice are civil justice awards or out-of-court settlements for personal or cultural injury; redress programs or schemes for mass atrocities, political repression, historical injustice, and institutional abuse; and payments for war-related wrongs, terrorism, violent common crime, and contaminated blood products, among many others. In this article, we elucidate the concept of money justice, sketch the relationship of revenge and recompense in human history, distil relevant research, and put forward the money justice matrix, which provides a systematic way to analyse money payments (or lack of payments) in varied contexts of victimisation and with different justice mechanisms. Money justice is a new concept that analyses diverse wrongs studied in criminology, socio-legal studies, other social sciences, transitional justice, and historical injustice. Its contribution to new knowledge is two-fold. First, it will map and compare payments to survivors for diverse wrongs, investigate why payments differ, and assess inequalities in payments. Second, it will critically examine the money justice paradox. If, as victims say, money cannot recompense a wrong, why is money sought by victims and offered as justice? More generally, what does money achieve (or not achieve) as justice and for victims?
Peak bodies: Indigenous representation in the Australian higher education sector
Authors: Trudgett Michelle , Page Susan , Coates Stacey K
Published: April 2021

The number of Indigenous Australians engaged in the higher education has risen steadily in recent years. Since the 1970s, several groups have been established to represent issues impacting Indigenous staff and students across the Australian higher education sector. Despite the deep passion and commitment by Indigenous leaders to advance Indigenous education in general, no single group currently provides adequate representation and advocacy on these issues. This article reports on findings from an Australian Research Council-funded study on Indigenous leadership in higher education. In doing so, it shares the perspectives of senior Indigenous leaders, university executive such as Vice-Chancellors and Indigenous academics. Ultimately, this article purports that it is necessary for the Federal Government and Universities Australia to work collaboratively with Indigenous People if we are going to see collective advancement across the sector and that this needs to occur in a more meaningful way than currently exercised.
Both a curse and a blessing? A social cognitive approach to the paradoxical effects of leader narcissism
Authors: Liu Xin , Zheng Xiaoming , Li Ning , Yu Yu , Harms Peter D , Yang Jun
Published: April 2021

Narcissism is widely considered to be a trait that is commonly found in leaders, but also a characteristic that is frequently a source of problems for their organizations. However, there is accumulating consensus in the organizational literature that, rather than a necessary evil, narcissism can potentially be a mixed blessing for leaders. The present study sets out to reconcile the paradoxical effects of leader narcissism by exploring when and how leader narcissism hampers or helps follower job performance. Utilizing a social cognitive approach to leadership and drawing upon the inferential model of leadership perceptions, we propose that leader effectiveness can shape followers’ dual collective leadership perceptions in response to leader narcissism and that these shared perceptions in turn influence follower job performance in opposing manners. The results of multi-wave, multi-source, and multilevel data showed that when leader narcissism was accompanied by low levels of leader effectiveness, followers collectively tended to perceive their leaders as being more narcissistic. However, when leader narcissism was accompanied by high levels of leader effectiveness, followers collectively tended to perceive their leaders as more charismatic. Followers’ dual collective leadership perceptions then mediated the joint effects of leader narcissism and leader effectiveness on follower job performance.
Once bitten, twice shy: A French traveller and go-between in Mughal India, 1648–67
Authors: Subrahmanyam Sanjay
Published: April 2021

This article examines the materials around François le Gouz de la Boullaye, a French gentilhomme (gentleman or minor aristocrat) from the Anjou Province of western France, who visited India twice, once in the late 1640s, and again in the mid-1660s. The result of his first visit, in which he mostly spent time in Surat and Goa, was an extended travel-narrative, the Voyages et Observations, of which two editions appeared in 1653 and 1657. On this basis, Boullaye became a fairly well-known ‘expert’ on Islamic and Indian affairs in Louis XIV’s France. Because of his reputation, he was then chosen as a member of an embassy sent to open trading relations with Safavid Iran and Mughal India in 1664 on behalf of the French Compagnie des Indes. This second visit was not a great success on account of misconceptions regarding diplomatic protocols and because of deep rivalries and divisions amongst rival French actors, including celebrated travellers like Bernier and Tavernier.