bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Imaging Resolution and Knudsen Effect on the Mass Transport of Shale Gas Assisted by Multi-length Scale X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Iacoviello Francesco , Lu Xuekun , Mitchell Thomas M. , Brett Daniel J. L. , Shearing Paul R.
Published: December 2019

The spatial resolution of 3D imaging techniques is often balanced by the achievable field of view. Since pore size in shales spans more than two orders of magnitude, a compromise between representativeness and accuracy of the 3D reconstructed shale microstructure is needed. In this study, we characterise the effect of imaging resolution on the microstructural and mass transport characteristics of shales using micro and nano-computed tomography. 3D mass transport simulation using continuum and numerical physics respectively is also compared to highlight the significance of the Knudsen effect on the reconstructed solid surface. The result shows that porosity measured by micro-CT is 25% lower than nano-CT, resulting in an overestimated pore size distribution and underestimated pore connectivity. This leads to a higher simulated intrinsic permeability. An overestimated diffusive flux and underestimated permeability are obtained from the continuum mass transport simulation compared to the numerical ones when the molecular-wall collision is accounted, evidenced by the large deviation of the measured Knudsen tortuosity factor and permeability correction factor. This study is believed to provide new knowledge in understanding the importance of imaging resolution and gas flow physics on mass transport in porous media.
Long-term outcomes of HBsAg/anti-HBs double-positive versus HBsAg single-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kwak Min-Sun , Chung Goh-Eun , Yang Jong In , Yim Jeong Yoon
Published: December 2019

The coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs has been reported in some chronic hepatitis B patients; however, the long-term outcomes of this serological profile have not been elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of HBsAg/anti-HBs double-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Chronic hepatitis B patients who underwent baseline abdominal ultrasonography and follow-up (HBsAg/anti-HBs assessment and abdominal ultrasonography) at our healthcare center were included. The “coexistence group” included patients positive for both HBsAg and anti-HBs and the “control group” included patients positive for only HBsAg during follow-up. The outcomes were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence, HBsAg seroclearance and overall mortality. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed. Of the 2,341 eligible patients, 166 (7.1%) were in the coexistence group. The total follow-up duration was 5.4 years. The coexistence group had a 3.08-fold higher risk of HCC than the control group [hazard ratio (HR) 3.08, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.26–7.55, P = 0.014] in multivariate analysis. The coexistence group had more HBsAg seroclearance than the control group (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.01–2.03, P = 0.046). However, overall mortality did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. The coexistence group is heterogeneous and includes subjects with unfavorable outcomes (incidence of HCC) and favorable outcomes (more HBsAg seroclearance).
Linking flow-stream variability to grain size distribution of suspended sediment from a satellite-based analysis of the Tiber River plume (Tyrrhenian Sea)
Authors: Pitarch J. , Falcini F. , Nardin W. , Brando V. E. , Di Cicco A. , Marullo S.
Published: December 2019

Several coastal regions on Earth have been increasingly affected by intense, often catastrophic, flash floods that deliver significant amounts of sediment along shorelines. One of the critical questions related to the impact of these impulsive runoffs is “are flash floods more efficient in delivering non-cohesive sandy sediment along the coasts?” Here we relate flow stages (i.e., from erratic to persistent) to the grain size distribution of the suspended load, by performing a synergic analysis of in-situ river discharge and satellite-retrieved grain size distribution, from 2002 to 2014, covering the 2012 Tiber River (Italy) exceptional flood event. Our analysis shows novel and promising results regarding the capability of remote sensing in characterizing suspended sediment in terms of grain size distribution and reveals that erratic stages favour delivering of non-cohesive sandy sediment more than the persistent stages. This conclusion is supported by numerical simulations and is consistent with previous studies on suspended sediment rating curves.
Rapid and complete paraffin removal from human tissue sections delivers enhanced Raman spectroscopic and histopathological analysis
Authors: Gaifulina Riana , Caruana Daren J. , Oukrif Dahmane , Guppy Naomi J. , Culley Siân , Brown Robert , Bell Ian , Rodriguez-Justo Manuel , Lau Katherine , Thomas Geraint M. H.
Published: December 2019

A simple method completely removes contaminating paraffin from samples for clinical Raman and enhanced immunohistological analysis.
Correction: A bio-inspired photonic nitrocellulose array for ultrasensitive assays of single nucleic acids
Authors: Chi Junjie , Ma Biao , Dong Xing , Gao Bingbing , Elbaz Abdelrahman , Liu Hong , Gu Zhongze
Published: December 2019

Correction for ‘A bio-inspired photonic nitrocellulose array for ultrasensitive assays of single nucleic acids’ by Junjie Chi, et al., Analyst, 2018, 143, 4559–4565.
Construction of small-sized superparamagnetic Janus nanoparticles and their application in cancer combined chemotherapy and magnetic hyperthermia
Authors: Xie Liqin , Jin Wanwan , Zuo Xirui , Ji Shenglu , Nan Wenbin , Chen Hongli , Gao Songtai , Zhang Qiqing
Published: December 2019

PMMA/Fe3O4/PAA J-NPs was not only a drug carrier and T2 contrast agent, but also a magnetic hyperthermia medium, effectively combining chemotherapy with magnetic hyperthermia to achieve a higher anti-tumor effect.
AIE-active micelles formed by self-assembly of an amphiphilic platinum complex possessing isoxazole moieties
Authors: Hirao Takehiro , Tsukamoto Hidemi , Ikeda Toshiaki , Haino Takeharu
Published: December 2019

We report a luminescent micelle that is prepared through the self-assembly of an amphiphilic, neutral Pt(ii) complex with isoxazole moieties in THF/water on account of its aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property.
Transition metal-free cyclobutene rearrangement in fused naphthalen-1-ones: controlled access to functionalized quinones
Authors: Herrera Fernando , Luna Amparo , Fernández Israel , Almendros Pedro
Published: December 2019

The divergent preparation of 1,4-naphthoquinones and tetraphene-7,12-diones, which bear the ABCD-ring of landomycins, has been accomplished directly through oxidative reorganization of previously non-isolable cyclobuta[a]naphthalen-4(2H)-ones.
Achieving the ratiometric imaging of steroid sulfatase in living cells and tissues with a two-photon fluorescent probe
Authors: Li Wei , Yin Shulu , Gong Xiangyang , Xu Wang , Yang Ronghua , Wan Yichao , Yuan Lin , Zhang XiaoBing
Published: December 2019

A novel two-photon ratiometric fluorescence assay was proposed for monitoring endogenous steroid sulfatase (STS) activity, which achieved the ratiometric imaging of STS activity in the endoplasmic reticulum of living cells and tissues.
Targeting the heme protein hemoglobin by (−)-epigallocatechin gallate and the study of polyphenol–protein association using multi-spectroscopic and computational methods
Authors: Das Sourav , Sarmah Sharat , Hazarika Zaved , Rohman Mostofa Ataur , Sarkhel Pallavi , Jha Anupam Nath , Singha Roy Atanu
Published: December 2019

(−)-Epigallocatechin gallate binds to BHb and exhibits anti-glycating as well as antioxidant behaviors towards glycation and photo-oxidation of BHb.
An effective structural descriptor to quantify the reactivity of lattice oxygen in CeO2subnano-clusters
Authors: Zhou Chuan , Zhang Binghu , Hu P. , Wang Haifeng
Published: December 2019

Subnano-clusters are commonly the important active components on many catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis and finding an effective structural descriptor is key to designing new catalysts.
Quantifying the hydration structure of sodium and potassium ions: taking additional steps on Jacob's Ladder
Authors: Duignan Timothy T. , Schenter Gregory K. , Fulton John L. , Huthwelker Thomas , Balasubramanian Mahalingam , Galib Mirza , Baer Marcel D. , Wilhelm Jan , Hutter Jürg , Del Ben Mauro , Zhao X. S. , Mundy Christopher J.
Published: December 2019

The ability to reproduce the experimental structure of water around the sodium and potassium ions is a key test of the quality of interaction potentials due to the central importance of these ions in a wide range of important phenomena.
Temperature effects on the ionic conductivity in concentrated alkaline electrolyte solutions
Authors: Shao Yunqi , Hellström Matti , Yllö Are , Mindemark Jonas , Hermansson Kersti , Behler Jörg , Zhang Chao
Published: December 2019

Reactive molecular dynamics simulations show how ion-paring, cross-correlated ion motions and proton transfer contribute to the ionic conductivity in concentrated NaOH solutions at elevated temperatures.
Open-framework ammonium transition metal fluorophosphates with a Kagomé lattice network: synthesis, structure and magnetic properties
Authors: Jiang Jianhua , Zhu Bei , Zhu Tianyu , Yang Haoming , Jin Yong , Lü Minfeng
Published: December 2019

Two open-framework fluorophosphates (NH4)M3(PO3F)2(PO2F2)F2 (M = Mn and Co) featured transition metal layers with a staircase Kagomé network exhibiting canted anti-ferromagnetism.
Modulation of defects and electrical behaviors of Cu-doped KNN ceramics by fluorine–oxygen substitution
Authors: Liao You , Wang Dongmei , Wang Hua , Zhou Lingxi , Zheng Qiaoji , Lin Dunmin
Published: December 2019

F–O substitution in Cu-doped KNN ceramics decreases oxygen vacancies and defect complexes, leading to the hardening-softening evolution of electrical behaviors.
Mechanism of molecular interaction of acrylate-polyethylene glycol acrylate copolymers with calcium silicate hydrate surfaces
Authors: Jamil Tariq , Javadi Ali , Heinz Hendrik
Published: December 2019

Simulations of a series of single comb copolymers on C-S-H model surfaces of different composition reveal adsorption mechanisms and conformations in atomic detail to better understand the role in cement hydration and design interfacial properties.
N,S co-doped hierarchically porous carbon materials for efficient metal-free catalysis
Authors: Hu Xiwei , Sun Xun , Song Qiang , Zhu Yangyang , Long Yu , Dong Zhengping
Published: December 2019

Polymer-derived N,S co-doped carbon materials (PDNSC-X) with a hierarchically porous structure were facilely prepared by a cost-effective and convenient strategy and were subsequently used as efficient metal-free catalysts.
Efficient separation and high-precision analyses of tin and cadmium isotopes in geological materials
Authors: Friebel Matthias , Toth Eniko R. , Fehr Manuela A. , Schönbächler Maria
Published: December 2019

A novel analytical procedure using chromatographic separation and MC-ICP-MS for high precision Sn and Cd analyses on the same sample aliquot.
The tooth on-a-chip: a microphysiologic model system mimicking the biologic interface of the tooth with biomaterials
Authors: França Cristiane Miranda , Tahayeri Anthony , Rodrigues Nara Sousa , Ferdosian Shirin , Puppin Rontani Regina Maria , Sereda Grigoriy , Ferracane Jack L. , Bertassoni Luiz E.
Published: December 2019

The tooth-on-chip is a novel platform that emulates the interface between dental materials, tooth and the underlying dental pulp.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel 2,4-disubstituted arylthiazoles against T. brucei
Authors: Georgiadis Markos-Orestis , Kourbeli Violeta , Papanastasiou Ioannis P. , Tsotinis Andrew , Taylor Martin C. , Kelly John M.
Published: December 2019

2-{2-[3-(1-Adamantyl)-4-fluorophenyl]thiazol-4-yl}ethan-1-amine (1a) and 2-{2-[4-(1-adamantyl)phenyl]thiazol-4-yl}ethan-1-amine (2a) exhibit activity against T. brucei in the range of IC50 = 0.42 μM and IC50 = 0.80 μM, respectively.
Excellent prospects in methyl methoxyacetate synthesis with a highly active and reusable sulfonic acid resin catalyst
Authors: Chen Fei , Shi Lei , Bello SuleimanSabo , Fan Jiaqi , Wang Yan , Zhang Dongxi , Yao Jie
Published: December 2019

A highly active and reusable sulfonic acid resin catalyst was used for DMM carbonylation to MMAc.
Synergistic modification of commercial TiO2 by combined carbon sources of citric acid and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
Authors: Bai Rui-Lin , Bai Yu-Jun
Published: December 2019

The performance of a commercial TiO2 anode was optimized by adjusting the ratio of citric acid and CMC-Na to modulate the carbon and Na+-doping content.
Solvent- and concentration-induced self-assembly of an amphiphilic perylene dye
Authors: Boccia Antonella Caterina , Lukeš Vladimir , Eckstein-Andicsová Anita , Kozma Erika
Published: December 2019

PDA-CA self-assembly behavior depends on temperature, concentration, and solvent.
Spin-layer locked gapless states in gated bilayer graphene
Authors: Jaskólski W. , Ayuela A.
Published: December 2019

Spin-degenerate gapless states with a topological character are spin-polarized and locked in a single layer when bilayer graphene contains stacking domain walls decorated with magnetic defects.
Manipulating the confinement of electromagnetic field in size-specific gold nanoparticles dimers and trimers
Authors: Pal Sudip Kumar , Chatterjee Hirak , Ghosh Sujit Kumar
Published: December 2019

Confinement of the electromagnetic field in gold nanoparticle dimers and trimers with variations in the interparticle distances and angles has been calculated.
The intriguing biology and chemistry of fosfomycin: the only marketed phosphonate antibiotic
Authors: Cao Yingying , Peng Qingyao , Li Shanni , Deng Zixin , Gao Jiangtao
Published: December 2019

Recently infectious diseases caused by the increased emergence and rapid spread of drug-resistant bacterial isolates have been one of the main threats to global public health because of a marked surge in both morbidity and mortality.
Tunable and convenient synthesis of highly dispersed Fe–Nx catalysts from graphene-supported Zn–Fe-ZIF for efficient oxygen reduction in acidic media
Authors: Yang Limeng , Shao Zhigang
Published: December 2019

A tunable and convenient synthesis approach of highly dispersed Fe–Nx catalysts for ORR in acidic media was reported.
Intrahepatic fatty acids composition as a biomarker of NAFLD progression from steatosis to NASH by using1H-MRS
Authors: Xavier Aline , Zacconi Flavia , Gainza Constanza , Cabrera Daniel , Arrese Marco , Uribe Sergio , Sing-Long Carlos , Andia Marcelo E.
Published: December 2019

Our results suggest that it would be possible to detect the progression of simple steatosis to NASH using1H-MRS.
Three-dimensional phase evolution and stress-induced non-uniform Li intercalation behavior in lithium iron phosphate
Authors: Yang Kaiqi , Tang Ming
Published: December 2019

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) olivine cathode displays non-uniform delithiation front induced by coherency stress between LiFePO4 and FePO4 phases.
Hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells and a simple approach for determining the performance limiting factors
Authors: Abudulimu Abasi , Sandoval-Torrientes Rafael , Zimmermann Iwan , Santos José , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Martín Nazario
Published: December 2019

Three new HTMs are tested in perovskite solar cells, their performance analysed by combination of simple TPC/TPV measurements and simulation.
Formamidine-assisted fast crystallization to fabricate formamidinium-based perovskite films for high-efficiency and stable solar cells
Authors: Zhang Shasha , Wu Shaohang , Chen Rui , Chen Weitao , Huang Yuqian , Yang Zhichun , Chen Wei
Published: December 2019

A FA-assisted fast crystallization (FAAFC) method involving adding FA into an antisolvent to achieve homogeneous nucleation and a high-quality crystalline film.
CoBr2-doping-induced efficiency improvement of CsPbBr3 planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Deng , Li Wenjing , Du Zhenbo , Li Guodong , Sun Weihai , Wu Jihuai , Lan Zhang
Published: December 2019

Although perovskite solar cells have achieved the highest 25.2% efficiency, they suffer from poor stability because the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites are easily decomposed under the attacks of oxygen, moisture, heat and ultraviolet light.
Comparative study on atomic layer deposition of HfO2via substitution of ligand structure with cyclopentadiene
Authors: Park Sungmin , Park Bo-Eun , Yoon Hwi , Lee Sanghun , Nam Taewook , Cheon Taehoon , Kim Soo-Hyun , Cheon Hwansung , Im Sangkyun , Seong Taegeun , Kim Hyungjun
Published: December 2019

Theoretical and experimental studies were investigated on the growth characteristics and electrical properties of HfO2 films using Hf(N(CH3)2)4 and CpHf(N(CH3)2)3.
Subnaphthalocyanine triimides: potential three-dimensional solution processable acceptors for organic solar cells
Authors: Cai Chunsheng , Chen Shanshan , Li Li , Yuan Zhongyi , Zhao Xiaohong , Zhang Youdi , Hu Yu , Yang Changduk , Hu Ming , Huang Xiaoshuai , Chen Xuanwen , Chen Yiwang
Published: December 2019

Three-dimensional SubNcTIs are excellent chromophores of solution processable electron acceptors towards high performance organic solar cells.
FOXM1/LINC00152 feedback loop regulates proliferation and apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Wenlong , Guo Piaopiao , Chen Mengjie , Chen Die , Cheng Yongjun , He Long
Published: December 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic systemic disease, is featured with inflammatory synovitis, which can lead to destruction on bone and cartilage and even cause disability. Emerging studies demonstrated that Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) is a vital cellular participant in RA progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are also reported to participate in the pathogenesis of RA. In our present study, lncRNA microarray analysis was applied to screen out lncRNAs differentially expressed in RA FLS. Among which, cytoskeleton regulator RNA (LINC00152) presented biggest fold change. Gain- or loss-of function assays were further carried out in RA FLS, and the results revealed that LINC00152 promoted proliferation but induced apoptosis in RA FLS. Furthermore, up-regulation of LINC00152 may induce promotion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in RA FLS. Mechanistically, we found that forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcriptionally activated LINC00152 in RA FLS. Additionally, LINC00152 positively regulated FOXM1 via sponging miR-1270. In conclusion, the present study focused on elucidating the function of FOXM1/LINC00152 positive feedback loop in RA FLS and its association with Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Circulating endocan and preeclampsia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lan Xia , Liu Zhaoming
Published: December 2019

Background: Endocan, a novel protein involved in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, has been suggested to be related to preeclampsia, although the results of previous studies were not consistent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential difference of circulating endocan in women with preeclampsia and those with normal pregnancy.

Methods: Matched case–control studies evaluating the difference of circulating endocan between women with preeclampsia and those with normal pregnancy were identified via systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases. A random-effect model or a fixed-effect model was used to pool the results according to the heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate whether the timing of preeclampsia onset affected the outcome.

Results: Overall, eight matched case–control studies, including 451 women with preeclampsia and 442 women with normal pregnancy were included. Significant heterogeneity was detected among the included studies (P for Cochrane’s Q test = 0.006, I2 = 65%). Meta-analysis with a random-effect model showed that women with preeclampsia had significantly higher circulating level of endocan compared with women with normal pregnancy (standardized mean difference = 0.37, 95% confidence interval: 0.13–0.62, P = 0.003). Subsequent subgroup analyses showed that the difference of circulating endocan between women with early onset preeclampsia and those with normal pregnancy was not statistically different from that between women with late-onset preeclampsia and those with normal pregnancy (P for subgroup difference = 0.81).

Conclusions: Women with preeclampsia have higher circulating endocan than those with normal pregnancy.
Individual Differences in Lexical Access Among Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Nagels Leanne , Bastiaanse Roelien , Başkent Deniz , Wagner Anita
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The current study investigates how individual differences in cochlear implant (CI) users' sensitivity to word–nonword differences, reflecting lexical uncertainty, relate to their reliance on sentential context for lexical access in processing continuous speech.

Method

Fifteen CI users and 14 normal-hearing (NH) controls participated in an auditory lexical decision task (Experiment 1) and a visual-world paradigm task (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 tested participants' reliance on lexical statistics, and Experiment 2 studied how sentential context affects the time course and patterns of lexical competition leading to lexical access.

Results

In Experiment 1, CI users had lower accuracy scores and longer reaction times than NH listeners, particularly for nonwords. In Experiment 2, CI users' lexical competition patterns were, on average, similar to those of NH listeners, but the patterns of individual CI users varied greatly. Individual CI users' word–nonword sensitivity (Experiment 1) explained differences in the reliance on sentential context to resolve lexical competition, whereas clinical speech perception scores explained competition with phonologically related words.

Conclusions

The general analysis of CI users' lexical competition patterns showed merely quantitative differences with NH listeners in the time course of lexical competition, but our additional analysis revealed more qualitative differences in CI users' strategies to process speech. Individuals' word–nonword sensitivity explained different parts of individual variability than clinical speech perception scores. These results stress, particularly for heterogeneous clinical populations such as CI users, the importance of investigating individual differences in addition to group averages, as they can be informative for clinical rehabilitation.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11368106
Sync Pending: Characterizing Conversational Entrainment in Dysarthria Using a Multidimensional, Clinically Informed Approach
Authors: Borrie Stephanie A. , Barrett Tyson S. , Liss Julie M. , Berisha Visar
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Despite the import of conversational entrainment to successful spoken dialogue, the systematic characterization of this behavioral syncing phenomenon represents a critical gap in the field of speech pathology. The goal of this study was to acoustically characterize conversational entrainment in the context of dysarthria using a multidimensional approach previously validated in healthy populations (healthy conversations;Borrie, Barrett, Willi, & Berisha, 2019).

Method

A large corpus of goal-oriented conversations between participants with dysarthria and healthy participants (disordered conversations) was elicited using a “spot the difference” task. Expert clinical assessment of entrainment and a measure of conversational success (communicative efficiency) was obtained for each of the audio-recorded conversations. Conversational entrainment of acoustic features representing rhythmic, articulatory, and phonatory dimensions of speech was identified using cross-recurrence quantification analysis with clinically informed model parameters and validated with a sham condition involving conversational participants who did not converse with one another. The relationship between conversational entrainment and communicative efficiency was examined.

Results

Acoustic evidence of entrainment was observed in phonatory, but not rhythmic and articulatory, behavior, a finding that differs from healthy conversations in which entrainment was observed in all speech signal dimensions. This result, that disordered conversations showed less acoustic entrainment than healthy conversations, is corroborated by clinical assessment of entrainment in which the disordered conversations were rated, overall, as being less in sync than healthy conversations. Furthermore, acoustic entrainment was predictive of communicative efficiency, corroborated by a relationship between clinical assessment and the same outcome measure.

Conclusions

The findings confirm our hypothesis that the pathological speech production parameters of dysarthria disrupt the seemingly ubiquitous phenomenon of conversational entrainment, thus advancing entrainment deficits as an important variable in dysarthria, one that may have causative effects on the success of everyday communication. Results further reveal that while this approach provides a broad overview, methodologies for characterizing conversational entrainment in dysarthria must continue to be developed and refined, with a focus on clinical utility.

Supplemental Material

https://osf.io/ktg5q
Tongue Part Movement Trajectories for /r/ Using Ultrasound
Authors: Dugan Sarah , Li Sarah R. , Masterson Jack , Woeste Hannah , Mahalingam Neeraja , Spencer Caroline , Mast T. Douglas , Riley Michael A. , Boyce Suzanne E.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Because it shows the movement of different parts of the tongue in real time, ultrasound biofeedback therapy is a promising technology for speech research and remediation. One limitation is the difficulty of interpreting real-time ultrasound images of tongue motion. Our image processing system, TonguePART, tracks the tongue surface and allows for the acquisition of quantitative tongue part trajectories.

Method

TonguePART automatically identifies the tongue contour based on ultrasound image brightness and tracks motion of the tongue root, dorsum, and blade in real time. We present tongue part trajectory data from 2 children with residual sound errors on /r/ and 2 children with typical speech, focusing on /r/ (International Phonetic Alphabet ɹ) in the phonetic context /ɑr/. We compared the tongue trajectories to magnetic resonance images of sustained vowel /ɑ/ and /r/.

Results

Measured trajectories show larger overall displacement and greater differentiation of tongue part movements for children with typical speech during the production of /ɑr/, compared to children with residual speech sound disorders.

Conclusion

TonguePART is a fast, reliable method of tracking articulatory movement of tongue parts for syllables such as /ɑr/. It is extensible to other sounds and phonetic contexts. By tracking tongue parts, clinical researchers can investigate lingual coordination. TonguePART is suitable for real-time data collection and biofeedback. Ultrasound biofeedback therapy users may make more progress using simplified biofeedback of tongue movement.
Generalised formulations for minimum distance trajectory in patrolling problems
Authors: Ghadiry Walaaeldin , Habibi Jalal , Aghdam Amir G. , Zhang Youmin
Published: December 2019

In this study, three general formulations are presented for trajectory optimisation in patrolling problems. In the traditional patrolling problem, some basic assumptions are made (often implicitly). For example, it is known how many robots and how many starting depots exist. Furthermore, the starting depots are assumed to be pre‐specified. Each of the three formulations provided here relaxes some (or all) of these assumptions, hence generalising the patrolling problem. A group of robots are supposed to travel through a number of nodes (viewpoints) in such an order so that the total travel distance is minimised. This problem is, in fact, a variant of the Travelling Salesman Problem and is called Multidepot multiple Travelling Salesman Problem. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by comparing the results with those in the literature.
Finite‐time asynchronous resilient observer design of a class of non‐linear switched systems with time‐delays and uncertainties
Authors: Lyu Xiaoxiao , Ai Qilong , Yan Zhiguo , He Shuping , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei
Published: December 2019

The asynchronous resilient observer design problem for a class of non‐linear switched systems with time‐delays and uncertainties in a given finite‐time interval is studied here. By constructing appropriate multiple Lyapunov–Krasovskii functions and applying the average dwell‐time method, the switching law and the asynchronous resilient observer are designed to guarantee the finite‐time boundedness of the augment system with a specified performance. The resilient observer design problems can be derived to solve a set of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical simulation is employed to demonstrate the availability of the proposed methods.
SVEEEETIES: singular vector expansion to estimate Earth-like exoplanet temperatures from infrared emission spectra
Authors: Schreier F. , Städt S. , Wunderlich F. , Godolt M. , Grenfell J. L.
Published: December 2019

Context.Detailed characterizations of exoplanets are clearly moving to the forefront of planetary science. Temperature is a key marker for understanding atmospheric physics and chemistry.

Aims.We aim to retrieve temperatures of N2-O2dominated atmospheres from secondary eclipse spectroscopic observations of the thermal emission of Earth-like exoplanets orbiting G-, K-, and M-stars, using large-aperture future space telescopes.

Methods.A line-by-line radiative transfer code was used to generate synthetic thermal infrared (TIR) observations. The atmospheric temperature is approximated by an expansion with the base vectors defined by a singular value decomposition of a matrix comprising representative profiles. A nonlinear least squares fitting was used to estimate the unknown expansion coefficients.

Results.Analysis of the 4.3 and 15μm CO2bands in the TIR spectra permits the inference of temperatures even for low signal-to-noise ratios of 5 at medium resolution. Deviations from the true temperature in the upper troposphere and lower-to-mid stratosphere are usually in the range of a few Kelvin, with larger deviations in the upper atmosphere and, less often, in the lower troposphere. Although the performance of the two bands is equivalent in most cases, the longwave TIR is more favorable than the shortwave due to increased star-planet contrast. A high spectral resolution, as provided by theJames WebbSpace Telescope (JWST) instruments, is important for retaining sensitivity to the upper atmosphere. Furthermore, the selection of an appropriate set of base functions is also key.

Conclusions.Temperature in the mid-atmosphere, relevant for understanding habitability, can be suitably characterized by infrared emission spectroscopy with a resolution of at least 1000 (ideally ≈2500). Obtaining the necessary signal-to-noise ratio will be challenging even for JWST, however, it could be feasible with future space missions, such as the Origins Space Telescope or the Large Interferometer for Exoplanets. In the meantime, a least squares fitting with an appropriate set of base functions is also applicable for other classes of planets.
Formation of COMs through CO hydrogenation on interstellar grains
Authors: Simons M. A. J. , Lamberts T. , Cuppen H. M.
Published: December 2019

Context. Glycoaldehyde, ethylene glycol, and methyl formate are complex organic molecules that have been observed in dark molecular clouds. Because there is no efficient gas-phase route to produce these species, it is expected that a low-temperature surface route existst that does not require energetic processing. CO hydrogenation experiments at low temperatures showed that this is indeed the case. Glyoxal can form through recombination of two HCO radicals and is then further hydrogenated.

Aims. Here we aim to constrain the methyl formate, glycolaldehyde, and ethylene glycol formation on the surface of interstellar dust grains through this cold and dark formation route. We also probe the dependence of the grain mantle composition on the initial gas-phase composition and the dust temperature.

Methods. A full CO hydrogenation reaction network was built based on quantum chemical calculations for the rate constants and branching ratios. This network was used in combination with a microscopic kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to simulate ice chemistry, taking into account all positional information. After benchmarking the model against CO-hydrogenation experiments, simulations under molecular cloud conditions were performed.

Results. Glycoaldehyde, ethylene glycol, and methyl formate are formed in all interstellar conditions we studied, even at temperatures as low as 8 K. This is because the HCO + HCO reaction can occur when HCO radicals are formed close to each other and do not require to diffuse. Relatively low abundances of methyl formate are formed. The final COM abundances depend more on the H-to-CO ratio and less on temperature. Only above 16 K, where CO build-up is less efficient, does temperature start to play a role. Molecular hydrogen is predominantly formed through abstraction reactions on the surface. The most important reaction leading to methanol is H2CO + CH3O → HCO + CH3OH. Our simulations are in agreement with observed COM ratios for mantles that have been formed at low temperatures.
New chemical scheme for giant planet thermochemistry
Authors: Venot O. , Cavalié T. , Bounaceur R. , Tremblin P. , Brouillard L. , Lhoussaine Ben Brahim R.
Published: December 2019

Context.Several chemical networks have been developed to study warm (exo)planetary atmospheres. The kinetics of the reactions related to the methanol chemistry included in these schemes have been questioned.

Aims.The goal of this paper is to update the methanol chemistry for such chemical networks based on recent publications in the combustion literature. We also aim to study the consequences of this update on the atmospheric compositions of (exo)planetary atmospheres and brown dwarfs.

Methods.We performed an extensive review of combustion experimental studies and revisited the sub-mechanism describing methanol combustion in a scheme published in 2012. The updated scheme involves 108 species linked by a total of 1906 reactions. We then applied our 1D kinetic model with this new scheme to the case studies HD 209458b, HD 189733b, GJ 436b, GJ 1214b, ULAS J1335+11, Uranus, and Neptune; we compared these results with those obtained with the former scheme.

Results.The update of the scheme has a negligible impact on the atmospheres of hot Jupiters. However, the atmospheric composition of warm Neptunes and brown dwarfs is modified sufficiently to impact observational spectra in the wavelength range in whichJames WebbSpace Telescope will operate. Concerning Uranus and Neptune, the update of the chemical scheme modifies the abundance of CO and thus impacts the deep oxygen abundance required to reproduce the observational data. For future 3D kinetics models, we also derived a reduced scheme containing 44 species and 582 reactions.

Conclusions.Chemical schemes should be regularly updated to maintain a high level of reliability on the results of kinetic models and be able to improve our knowledge of planetary formation.
Microstructure and mechanical properties relationship of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel by selective laser melting
Authors: Puichaud Anne-Helene , Flament Camille , Chniouel Aziz , Lomello Fernando , Rouesne Elodie , Giroux Pierre-François , Maskrot Hicham , Schuster Frederic , Béchade Jean-Luc
Published: December 2019

Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly expanding in many industrial applications because of the versatile possibilities of fast and complex fabrication of added value products. This manufacturing process would significantly reduce manufacturing time and development cost for nuclear components. However, the process leads to materials with complex microstructures, and their structural stability for nuclear application is still uncertain. This study focuses on 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) in the context of nuclear application, and compares with a cold-rolled solution annealed 316L sample. The effect of heat treatment (HT) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the microstructure and mechanical properties is discussed. It was found that after HT, the material microstructure remains mostly unchanged, while the HIP treatment removes the materials porosity, and partially re-crystallises the microstructure. Finally, the tensile tests showed excellent results, satisfying RCC-MR code requirements for all AM materials.
The European Energy Policy for 2020–2030
RED II: what future for vegetable oil as a source of bioenergy?
Authors: Dusser Philippe
Published: December 2019

The support for vegetable oils biodiesel is defined by the Renewable Energy Directive (RED). After three years of negotiations, RED II (recast of the 2010–2020 RED I) has been adopted and published in December 2018. RED II sets the framework for the EU renewable energy policy for 2021–2030. Although RED II gives a priority to advanced biofuels and electricity in transport with specific targets and multipliers. For crop-based biofuels as vegetable oil biodiesel, RED II offers the possibility to preserve the current investments by giving the Member States the possibility to cap their consumption at the national 2020 consumption level (plus 1%) with maximum of 7%. With the idea to cut the link of crop-based biofuels with deforestation, a change of approach on the ILUC issue is introduced by RED II with the definition of “high ILUC-risk feedstocks with a significant expansion on land with high carbon stocks”. The high ILUC-risk feedstocks will be capped in each Member State at the 2019 level until 2023, and then progressively eliminated by 2030. An exemption from these constraints is provided for to low ILUC-risk feedstocks not linked to deforestation – direct or indirect – and identified by a certification granted to additional feedstocks produced either through productivity improvements or from cultivation on abandoned or degraded land. An Implementing Act will further detail by 2021 the conditions of the low ILUC-risk certification. In a Delegated Act published in March 2019, the EU Commission classified the palm oil as the sole high ILUC-risk feedstock with more than 40% expansion on high carbon stock land (vs. 8% for soybean) on the base of the current available data. Nevertheless, there is a certain uncertainty on the final use of palm oil in bioenergy, as the details of the certification of low ILUC-risk feedstocks are unknown before the publication of the Implementing Act (2021), and as the Delegated Act himself will be reviewed in 2021 and 2023.
Herzinsuffizienznetzwerke (HF-NETs) und Herzinsuffizienzeinheiten (HFUs) – ein Überblick
Authors: Güder Gülmisal , Störk Stefan
Published: December 2019

Die Herzinsuffizienz zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Hospitalisations- und Letalitätsrate aus. Ambulante und stationäre Herzinsuffizienzeinheiten (HFUs) zielen darauf ab, in einem gemeinsam strukturierten regionalen Netzwerk (HF-NET) jede Versorgungsstufe der Herzinsuffizienz auf hohem Niveau zu behandeln, die Prognose der Herzinsuffizienz zu verbessern und die Hospitalisationsrate zu senken. Als zusätzliche, für den reibungslosen Ablauf zwingend erforderliche Akteure sind in allen HFUs nichtärztliche spezialisierte Fachkräfte vorzusehen. Jede stationäre HFU benötigt zusätzlich zur Akutversorgung ein standardisiertes Entlassmanagement sowie SOPs zur Überleitung von Patienten in die poststationäre, ambulante Versorgung. Das poststationäre Versorgungsprogramm wird im Kern von Hausarzt und niedergelassenem Kardiologen ausgestaltet (regionale SOPs) und bezieht weitere medizinische Akteure, z. B. Rehabilitationskliniken, mit ein.
Innovative interventionelle Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Oehler Daniel , Horn Patrick
Published: December 2019

Herzinsuffizienz ist ein klinisches Syndrom, das durch eine diastolische und/oder systolische Dysfunktion des Herzens gekennzeichnet ist. Weltweit stellt diese zunehmend ein pandemisches Problem dar, das neuer, innovativer Therapieprinzipien bedarf, um die bestehende medikamentöse Therapie zu unterstützen. Neben etablierten Methoden gibt es dabei vielversprechende neue Ansätze, die entweder bereits bestehende chirurgische Prinzipien aufgreifen oder neue mechanistische Prinzipien bedienen, um die Symptomkontrolle und das Outcome der Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz weiter zu verbessern.
Hypoperfusionssyndrom und kardiogener Schock
Authors: Hennersdorf Marcus , Scharpf Dominik
Published: December 2019

Der kardiogene Schock stellt nach wie vor ein Krankheitsbild mit hoher Mortalität dar. In dieser Situation entwickelt sich nahezu regelhaft eine Laktatazidose durch Gewebsischämie. Diese wiederum unterstützt den klinischen Gesamteindruck eines Schockzustandes. Das erhöhte Laktat bzw. mehr noch die verzögerte oder fehlende Laktatclearance sind harte Prädiktoren der schlechten Prognose. In dieser Situation ist die hämodynamische Stabilisierung neben der Ursachentherapie oberstes Gebot. Eine balancierte Volumen-/Katecholamintherapie stellt die Basis dar. Früh muss aber eine Entscheidung für oder gegen den Einsatz eines mechanischen Unterstützungssystems fallen. Entscheidungshilfen sind klinische, aber auch laborchemische und interventionelle Faktoren. Das fallende Laktat (die Laktatclearance) ist auch unter extrakorporalem System der wichtigste Ausdruck einer funktionierenden Therapie. Randomisierte Studien, die eine Prognoseverbesserung dieser schwer kranken Patienten beweisen, existieren derzeit nicht. Umso wichtiger ist der rationale, aber frühe Einsatz dieser Systeme nach in Positionspapieren definierten Kriterien.
Hindernisse und Risiken bei der Implementierung einer
Kurzintervention nach Screening alkoholbezogener Störungen mittels AUDIT
in der Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Stuppe Markus , Bischof Gallus
Published: December 2019

Auf einer unfallchirurgischen Station wurde über 3 Monate ein
modifizierter AUDIT eingesetzt, um alle neu aufgenommenen Patienten mit
alkoholbezogenen Störungen zu identifizieren und nach einer
Kurzintervention dem suchtspezifischen Behandlungssystem zuführen zu
können. 361 Patienten bekamen den Fragebogen in den ersten
Behandlungstagen ausgehändigt und erhielten bei einem
auffälligen Screeningergebnis das Angebot zu einem Gespräch. Mit
diesem Verfahren wurde in einem naturalistischen Setting jedoch kein Patient mit
einer schweren alkoholbezogenen Störung erreicht. Eine reduzierte
Inanspruchnahme des zuvor üblichen Konsilverfahrens und die
möglicherweise gesenkte Diagnosestellung durch die behandelnden
Ärzte deuteten sogar auf das potentielle Risiko einer Verschlechterung
der Versorgung hin. Implementierungskräfte müssen beachtet
werden.
Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Poly(propylene oxide): Preparation and Perspectives
Authors: Walther Patrick , Vogler Charlotte , Naumann Stefan
Published: December 2019

Conventional approaches for polymerizing substituted epoxides, especially propylene oxide, suffer from side reactions, severely limiting molar masses and control over the end groups of the resulting poly(propylene oxide) (PPO). This has not only complicated the incorporation of PPO moieties into complex defined polymer architectures, but has also hampered consideration of PPO as an interesting material in its own right. In this context, a concise summary of strategies for creating truly high-molecular-mass polyethers is provided, with a focus on a recently developed dual catalytic setup that permits access to PPO molar masses of 106 g/mol and beyond. Based on these advances in the catalytic preparation of polyethers, future perspectives for ultrahigh-molecular-weight (UHMW) PPO as a performance material are identified.
The Impact of Systematic Laparoscopic Skills and Suture Training on Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Outcomes in a Brazilian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Lobão Gonçalves Anna Luiza , Ayroza-Ribeiro Helizabet Abdala , Lima Raquel Ferreira , Yonamine Aline Estefane Eras , Ohara Fabio , Ayroza-Ribeiro Paulo Augusto Galvão
Published: December 2019

Objective To evaluate the impact of systematic laparoscopic skills and suture training (SLSST) on the total laparoscopic hysterectomy intra- and postoperative outcomes in a Brazilian teaching hospital.

Methods A cross-sectional observational study in which 244 charts of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) patients operated from 2008 to 2014 were reviewed. Patient-specific (age, parity, previous cesarean sections, abdominal surgeries and endometriosis) and surgery-related variables (hospital stay, operative time, uterine volume and operative complications) were analyzed in three different time-frame groups: 2008-09 (I-1) – TLHs performed by senior attending physicians; 2010-11 (I-2) – TLHs performed by residents before the implementation of the SLSST program; and 2012-14 (I-3) – TLHs performed by residents after the implementation of the SLSST program.

Results A total of 244 TLH patients (mean age: 45.93 years) were included: 24 (I-1), 55 (I-2), and 165 (I-3). The main indication for TLH was uterine myoma (66.4%). Group I-3 presented a decrease in surgical time compared to group I-2 (p = 0.010). Hospital stay longer than 2 days decreased in group I-3 compared to group I-2 (p = 0.010). Although we observed decreased uterine volume (154.2 cm3) in group I-2 compared to group I-1 (217.8 cm3) (p = 0.030), logistic regression did not find any association between uterine volume and surgical time (p = 0.103).

Conclusion The total operative time for laparoscopic hysterectomy was significantly shorter in the group of patients (I-3) operated after the systematic laparoscopic skills and suture training was introduced in our hospital.
Idade – Deve ser levada em conta? Estudo da morbidade perioperatória e a evolução no longo prazo dos pacientes acima de 70 anos submetidos à cirurgia da coluna vertebral, devido a doenças degenerativas lombares
Authors: Palliyil Nigil Sadanandan , Shah Siddharth , Rai Ravi Ranjan , Dalvie Samir , Monteiro Joseph
Published: December 2019

Objetivos Avaliar o resultado no longo prazo e a morbidade perioperatória em cirurgias da coluna vertebral, devido a doenças lombares degenerativas e, assim, avaliar a segurança da cirurgia na população idosa.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com idade superior a 70 anos, submetidos à cirurgia em virtude de distúrbios lombares degenerativos, entre 2011 e 2015. Foram avaliados os dados demográficos, clínicos e cirúrgicos dos pacientes; comorbidades; complicações perioperatórias; escores de dor no pré e no pós-operatório; índice de incapacidade de Oswestry (ODI, na sigla em inglês); satisfação do paciente e a mortalidade geral.

Resultados Foram estudados 103 pacientes (homens:mulheres, 55:48) com idade média de 74,6 anos (70 a 85 anos). 60 pacientes (58,2%) apresentaram somente descompressão, enquanto 43 (41,8%) apresentaram descompressão e fusão. O tempo médio de internação foi de 5,7 dias. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 47,6 meses (24-73 meses). Os pacientes relataram melhora significativa da dor nas costas (pontuação numérica da dor 7,7 versus 1,6; p < 0,001), dor nas pernas (pontuação numérica da dor 7,4 versus 1,7; p < 0,001), incapacidade (ODI 82,3 versus 19,1; p < 0,001) e distância percorrida a pé (p < 0,001). Um total de 76% dos pacientes estavam satisfeitos com os resultados no momento do acompanhamento final. 26 pacientes (25,24%) apresentaram complicações perioperatórias, todas sem relevância e sem mortalidade. As complicações intra e pós-operatórias mais comuns foram ruptura dural (6,79%) e infecção do trato urinário (6,79%), respectivamente.

Conclusões Com meticulosos cuidados perioperatórios, a cirurgia da coluna lombar é segura e eficaz na população idosa. Os pacientes tiveram um maior tempo médio de internação hospitalar, em virtude do programa de reabilitação gradual e abrangente. A presença de comorbidades ou complicações perioperatórias sem relevância, não aumentou a morbidade geral, nem afetou os resultados clínicos da cirurgia em nosso estudo.