bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does aggressive management of solitary pulmonary nodules pay off?
Authors: Elia Stefano , Loprete Serafina , De Stefano Alessandro , Hardavella Georgia
Published: March 2019

Indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), measuring up to 3 cm in diameter, are incidental radiological findings. The ever-growing use of modern imaging has increased their detection. The majority of those nodules are benign; however, the possibility of diagnosing early-stage lung cancer still stands. Guidelines for the management of SPNs have never been validated in prospective comparative studies.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a useful tool to provide functional information on SPNs. However, overall sensitivity and specificity of PET in detecting malignant SPNs of at least 10 mm in diameter are about 90% and false-negative results are reported.

The development of video-assisted thoracic surgery has provided minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of SPNs. In our series, 105 patients underwent surgery based on combined increased18F-labelled 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake on PET computed tomography and radiological features (morphology and density) without prior histological confirmation. We detected 26 false negatives (24.8%) and only nine false positives (8.57%). Therefore, our minimally invasive surgical approach prevented 25% of patients with lung cancer from a delayed treatmentversusonly 9% undergoing “overtreatment”.

In our monocentric cohort, patients with SPNs with large diameter, irregular outline, no calcifications, central location, increased FDG uptake and/or subsolid aspect benefited from a primary surgical resection.
Under- and over-diagnosis of COPD: a global perspective
Authors: Ho Terence , Cusack Ruth P. , Chaudhary Nagendra , Satia Imran , Kurmi Om P.
Published: March 2019

Globally, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth major cause of mortality and morbidity and projected to rise to third within a decade as our efforts to prevent, identify, diagnose and treat patients at a global population level have been insufficient. The European Respiratory Society and American Thoracic Society, along with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) strategy document, have highlighted key pathological risk factors and suggested clinical treatment strategies in order to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with COPD. This review focuses solely on issues related to the under- and over-diagnosis of COPD across the main geographical regions of the world and highlights some of the associated risk factors. Prevalence of COPD obtained mainly from epidemiological studies varies greatly depending on the clinical and spirometric criteria used to diagnose COPD,i.e.forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity ratio <0.7 or 5% below the lower limit of normal, and this subsequently affects the rates of under- and over-diagnosis. Although under-utilisation of spirometry is the major reason, additional factors such as exposure to airborne pollutants, educational level, age of patients and language barriers have been widely identified as other potential risk factors. Co-existent diseases, such as asthma, bronchiectasis, heart failure and previously treated tuberculosis, are reported to be the other determinants of under- and over-diagnosis of COPD.

Key points

Globally, there is large variation in the prevalence of COPD, with 10–95% under-diagnosis and 5–60% over-diagnosis (table 1) due to differences in the definition of diagnosis used, and the unavailability of spirometry in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries where the prevalence of COPD is likely to be high.

In order to be diagnosed with COPD, patients must have a combination of symptoms with irreversible airflow obstruction defined by a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of <0.7 or below the fifth centile of the lower limit of normal (LLN), and with a history of significant exposure to a risk factor. Repeat spirometry is recommended if the ratio is between 0.6 and 0.8.

Not performing spirometry is the strongest predictor for an incorrect diagnosis of COPD; however, additional factors, such as age, gender, ethnicity, self-perception of symptoms, co-existent asthma, and educational awareness of risk factor by patients and their physician, are also important.

COPD can be associated with inhalation of noxious particles other than smoking tobacco.

Educational aims

To summarise the global prevalence of over- and under-diagnosis of COPD.

To highlight the risk factors associated with the under- and over-diagnosis of COPD.

To update readers on the key changes in the recent progress made regarding the correct diagnosis of COPD.
Macrofauna associated with a recently described bryozoan species in the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: ELSAYED RASHA HAMDY , DORGHAM MOHAMED MOUSSA
Published: March 2019

The bryozoan Calyptotheca alexandriensis was recorded for the first time two years ago as a new species from the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. Knowledge about the ecology of this bryozoan and the associated fauna is completely lacking. The present study is the attempt to identify the fauna associated with this bryozoan species, through approximately bimonthly sampling from October 2017 to August 2018. A total of 43 animal species were associated with the colonies of C. alexandriensis, belonging to nine taxonomic groups, including polychaetes (21 species), crustaceans (13 species), molluscs (3 species), ascidians, bryozoans, cnidarians, echinoderms, sipunculids, and sponges (one species each). Juvenile shrimps, fish larvae and eggs of different animals were also found. The numerical abundance of the associated fauna fluctuated between 1279.3 individuals/kg in winter to 3041 individuals/kg in autumn. Crustaceans were the most abundant group, constituting 90.5% of the total associated fauna, mainly due to the amphipod Elasmopus pectenicrus (75.4%), beside other crustaceans like Jassa marmorata (6.2) and Apohyale perieri (3.7%). In contrast, polychaetes were markedly less abundant, forming 7.9% of the associated fauna, with the dominance of Pseudonereis anomala (3.5%). Spring and summer communities were more diverse (30-32 species) than the autumn and winter communities (16 and 25 species, respectively). The Shannon diversity index presented low diversity of the associated fauna, varying seasonally between 0.56 in summer and 1.6 in winter, with evenness fluctuating from 0.16 in summer to 0.50 in winter.
Organization of educational process using distance learning technologies
Authors: Карманова Екатерина , Karmanova Ekaterina
Published: March 2019

The manual addresses issues of the introduction of distance learning technologies, approaches to the design and implementation of distance learning courses. A review of distance learning software is presented. Also within the framework of the laboratory workshop, the possibilities of LMS MOODLE for creating such courses are considered. The manual is intended for university students, and will also be useful to teachers, graduate students and teachers involved in the introduction and use of distance learning technologies.
Financial planning and budgeting
Authors: Незамайкин Валерий , Nezamaykin Valeriy , Платонова Наталья , Platonova Natal'ya , Поморцева Ирина , Pomorceva Irina , Юрзинова Ирина , Yurzinova Irina , Алиева Тамари , Alieva Tamari
Published: March 2019

The manual is intended for bachelors studying in the direction 080100.62 "Economics" profile "Finance and credit" and 080200.62 "Management" profile "Financial management". The textbook contains a brief description of the main theoretical aspects of the discipline, examples of solving problems to be considered in practical classes and for independent decision.
The manual is an auxiliary educational material for the study of this discipline, and contributes to a more complete formation of practical skills in this discipline.
Care Transitions Program for High‐Risk Frail Older Adults is Most Beneficial for Patients with Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Thorsteinsdottir Bjorg , Peterson Stephanie M , Naessens James M , McCoy Rozalina G , Hanson Gregory J , Hickson LaTonya J , Chen Christina YY , Rahman Parvez A , Shah Nilay D , Borkenhagen Lynn , Chandra Anupam , Havyer Rachel , Leppin Aaron , Takahashi Paul Y
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Although posthospitalization care transitions programs (CTP) are highly diverse, their overall program thoroughness is most predictive of their success.

OBJECTIVE

To identify components of a successful homebased CTP and patient characteristics that are most predictive of reduced 30‐day readmissions.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort.

PATIENTS

A total of 315 community‐dwelling, hospitalized, older adults (≥60 years) at high risk for readmission (Elder Risk Assessment score ≥16), discharged home over the period of January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2013.

SETTING

Midwest primary care practice in an integrated health system.

INTERVENTION

Enrollment in a CTP during acute hospitalization.

MEASUREMENTS

The primary outcome was all‐cause readmission within 30 days of the first CTP evaluation. Logistic regression was used to examine independent variables, including patient demographics, comorbidities, number of medications, completion, and timing of program fidelity measures, and prior utilization of healthcare.

RESULTS

The overall 30‐day readmission rate was 17.1%. The intensity of follow‐up varied among patients, with 17.1% and 50.8% of the patients requiring one and ≥3 home visits, respectively, within 30 days. More than half (54.6%) required visits beyond 30 days. Compared with patients who were not readmitted, readmitted patients were less likely to exhibit cognitive impairment (29.6% vs 46.0%; P = .03) and were more likely to have high medication use (59.3% vs 44.4%; P = .047), more emergency department (ED; 0.8 vs 0.4; P = .03) and primary care visits (4.0 vs 3.0; P = .018), and longer cumulative time in the hospital (4.6 vs 2.5 days; P = .03) within 180 days of the index hospitalization. Multivariable analysis indicated that only cognitive impairment and previous ED visits were important predictors of readmission.

CONCLUSIONS

No single CTP component reliably predicted reduced readmission risk. Patients with cognitive impairment and polypharmacy derived the most benefit from the program.
Preventing Hypoglycemia Following Treatment of Hyperkalemia in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Boughton Charlotte K , Dixon Danielle , Goble Emma , Burridge Alice , Cox Alison , Noble‐Bell Georgia , Bell Charlotte , Fidler Ben , Chudley James , Anderson Caroline , Cavell Gillian , Mustafa Omar G
Published: March 2019

Hypoglycemia is a serious complication following treatment of hyperkalemia with intravenous insulin. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of hypoglycemia (≤3.9 mmol/l, 70 mg/dL) and severe hypoglycemia (<3.0 mmol/l, 54 mg/dL) in noncritical care inpatients following treatment of hyperkalemia and to establish the risk factors predisposing to this complication. This was a single‐center observational study reviewing the Electronic Patient Records of hyperkalemia treatment with intravenous insulin on the general wards of a large UK teaching hospital. A total of 662 episodes of hyperkalemia treated with insulin/dextrose were included. Among these episodes, 116 treatments (17.5%) resulted in hypoglycemia and 47 (7.1%) resulted in severe hypoglycemia. Lower pretreatment capillary blood glucose level, older age, and lower bodyweight were associated with a higher risk of posttreatment hypoglycemia. The incidence of hypoglycemia following hyperkalemia treatment in hospitalized patients is unacceptably high. Identifying individuals at high risk of hypoglycemia and adjusting prescriptions may reduce the incidence.
Next Steps in Improving Healthcare Value: AHRQ Evidence‐based Practice Center Program—Applying the Knowledge to Practice to Data Cycle to Strengthen the Value of Patient Care
Authors: Borsky Amanda E , Flores Emilia J , Berliner Elise , Chang Christine , Umscheid Craig A , Chang Stephanie M
Published: March 2019

For more than 20 years, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence‐based Practice Center (EPC) Program has been identifying and synthesizing evidence to inform evidence‐based healthcare. Recognizing that many healthcare settings continue to face challenges in disseminating and implementing evidence into practice, AHRQ's EPC program has also embarked on initiatives to facilitate the translation of evidence into practice and to measure and monitor how practice changes impact health outcomes. e program has structured its efforts around the three phases of the Learning Healthcare System cycle: knowledge, practice, and data. Here, we use a topic relevant to the field of hospital medicine—Clostridium difficile colitis prevention and treatment—as an exemplar of how the EPC program has used this framework to move evidence into practice and develop systems to facilitate continuous learning in healthcare systems.
MOVILIZACIÓN, REPRESIÓN Y VOTO: RASTREANDO LAS CLAVES DEL REFERÉNDUM DE AUTODETERMINACIÓN DEL 1 DE OCTUBRE DE 2017 EN CATALUNYA
Authors: Letamendia Arkaitz
Published: March 2019

Este artículo indaga en los factores que posibilitaron la celebración del referéndum de autodeterminación catalán del 1 de octubre (1-O) de 2017. Mediante la técnica de la «participación observante» y fuentes secundarias periodísticas, planteo que la peculiar combinación de tres elementos –movilización, represión y voto– ayuda a explicar por qué el referéndum del 1-O pudo celebrarse, pese a la acción legal y de las Fuerzas de Seguridad españolas que trataron de impedirlo. El trabajo subraya las consecuencias teóricas y prácticas de este evento histórico, que rompe con los mecanismos consensuales característicos de la postpolítica contemporánea.
EUROPA ANTE EL VELO. UNA APROXIMACIÓN AL DEBATE DESDE LA ÓPTICA DE LOS DERECHOS DE LAS MUJERES
Authors: Roca Farré Núria
Published: March 2019

El presente trabajo propone una aproximación crítica a la polémica creada en torno al hecho de que las mujeres musulmanas lleven el «velo» en Europa. Concretamente, se analiza la lectura occidental que defiende abolir esta costumbre y que sostiene que esta vestimenta es un símbolo de opresión de «la mujer musulmana» y que, por lo tanto, choca frontalmente con el principio de la igualdad de género. Argumentaremos, de manera crítica, que esta postura deriva de la lógica propia del discurso orientalista y que, paradójicamente, se defiende en nombre de la liberación de las mujeres que llevan el velo, pero, sin embargo, no reconoce su capacidad para decidir sobre el tema de forma emancipada y ni siquiera escucha lo que ellas mismas opinan.
Fake advertising? Neutrality in descriptions beside overall hotel scores
Authors: Mellinas Juan Pedro , Reino Sofia
Published: March 2019

Hotel reviews influence travellers’ booking decisions. Research on this topic is focused on the scores or comments given through the reviews. However, no studies have looked into the one-word descriptions associated with the overall scores received by hotels. This study examines this practice by conducting secondary research and identifying the one-word descriptions assigned to the different scores. The results suggest that each website providing average scores and one-word descriptions to summarize the scores uses a different policy to associate one-word descriptions to scores, suggesting lack of consistency. Furthermore, misleading practices have been identified, such as the use of the word ‘average’ to describe establishments with ratings lower than the midpoint of the scale. The findings have important implications both for the industry and for academia, as they highlight the need for transparent strategies and policies.
The importance of personal values and hospitableness in small foodservice businesses’ social responsibility
Authors: Tomasella Barbara , Ali Alisha
Published: March 2019

This article investigates the relationship between personal values, hospitableness and social responsibility in small, independent foodservice businesses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 owner-managers of these businesses located in Sheffield, United Kingdom. The results established that hospitableness is expressed through the way in which these small businesses engage in social responsibility. In lifestyle and family businesses, personal values, such as altruism, friendliness and a passion for food, influence the hospitableness and social responsibility of the small foodservice business. In the long term, social responsibility actions expressing hospitableness add value to the business itself. This research contributes to the hospitality literature by empirically demonstrating how hospitableness can be expressed through small business social responsibility, which can provide, in the long term, a competitive advantage for small, independent foodservice businesses.
Smartphone, menores y vulnerabilidades. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Martínez-Pastor Esther , Catalina-García Beatriz , López-de-Ayala-López María-Cruz
Published: March 2019

En la última década ha proliferado la literatura académica sobre los riesgos y oportunidades de las actividades en red entre los niños y jóvenes. El crecimiento exponencial del uso de los dispositivos digitales y nuevas aplicaciones está cambiando las condiciones de acceso a Internet de los niños, esto implica la aparición de nuevos desafíos en términos de seguridad en la red. Hoy en día los teléfonos inteligentes acompañan a los menores en cualquier momento y lugar más allá de la supervisión de sus padres, y la vida en línea se convierte en una experiencia más privada. En este documento se realiza una revisión de la literatura desde 2011 a 2017, con el fin de identificar nuevos riesgos y amenazas asociados a la propagación de dispositivos móviles, particularmente teléfonos inteligentes. Al mismo tiempo, se discuten las vulnerabilidades potenciales que se han analizado en la investigación empírica y los hallazgos de estos estudios sobre esta relación. Todos estos aspectos se analizarán para descubrir los cambios en los factores de vulnerabilidad emergentes que están asociados con los dispositivos móviles en comparación con el acceso al ciberespacio a través de los ordenadores
Treatment of Acute Urinary Tract Infection in Children with Pipemidic Acid
Authors: Kosnadi Lydia , Widayat Rochmanadji , Wastoro Dwi , Yunanto Ari , Gunawan Ristitiati
Published: March 2019

Urinary tract infection in children is still an important problem in uronephrology. The disease.tends to develop recurrently and results in chronic progressive renal disease in the future.

Pipemidic acid is a bactericidal quinolone derivate, with a wide spectrum against gram positive and negative bacteria. Compared with nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid proves to be more effective against Pseudomonas, E. coli, Alkali genes and Salmonella.

Thirty one cases with acute urinary tract infection had been studied descriptively. The etiology revealed as follows: E. coli (45.2%), Alkaligenes (16.2%), Enterobacter (9.6%), Staphylococcus (9.6%), Pseudomonas (9.6%), Paracolon (6,5%), and Proteus (3.3%).

Pipemidic acid was administered orally to these patients, 15-20 mg/kg/day divided in 2 equal doses for 10 days. Bacteriological examinations was repeated on the 6th day and 11th day treatment. The result revealed that on the 6th day of treatment, in 27 patients (87, 09%) there was no bacteriuria while on the 11th  day the urine of 29 patients (93.54%) were sterile.

In conclusion, a 5 day treatment of acute urinary tract infection in children with pipemidic acid is quite effective.
Pericardial Effusion in Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Pelupessy J. M. CH , Allot Evieta Rante , Jota Santa
Published: March 2019

Acute shock in severe dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) may occur concurrently with accumulation of fluid in serous body spaces such as pleural, peritoneal and pericardia/ cavities.Echocardiography is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure which is sensitive to detect even a small quantity of pericardia/ effusion.The chest radiogram in two reported cases of DHF associated with severe shock revealed that almost half of the pleural cavity was filled with fluid. Although no signs of pericardia/ effusion could be determined on physical examination, ECG and radiological procedures, a small amount of fluid was clearly seen on echocardiogram.
Captopril Treatment in Rheumatic Heart Disease with Congestive Heart Failure A Preliminary Report
Authors: Sastrosubroto Hardiman , Soeroso Santosa , Indrasanto Eriyati
Published: March 2019

A small scale controlled trial of captopril (ACE inhibitor) was conducted in 8 children with congestive heart failure due to rheumatic mitral regurgitation with or without mild mitral stenosis. The age of the patient ranged from 5.5 to 13 years (mean 9,3 years). Four children, served as control group, received digitalis and diuretics as standard treatment; while the other 4 children also received 2 x 12,5 mg of captopril in addition to standard treatment. The effect of both regimens were measured by usingchanges of left ventricular function as seen on the echocardiogram performed before treatment, and then 3, 7 and 14 days thereafter.

Definite conclusion cannot be made because of the small number of patients; but it is apparent that some improvements of left ventricular functions in the captopril group were more evident when compared with that of the control group of standard treatment.Side effects of captopri/ were not found.
MODEL PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM MASYARAKAT JEPANG
Authors: Mulyadi Budi
Published: March 2019

Abstract  This research entitled The Model of Character Education in Japanese society. The main goal of this research is to know how the model of character education in Japanase society is done. This research is combination between field and library research. Main methods are observation, interview, intepretation. There are unique  character in Japanese society in which couldn’t be found in other nations. Spirit of Bushido (discipline, honest, tough, work hard) is foundations of Japanese character. This such a character building is deserve to become an example to Indonesia. Japan shows us, they build character successfully. Japan become a developed modern nation without losing their core values and cultural.  Key word: Charakter Building, Japanese Society and culture, Bushido
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP HUBUNGAN SOSIAL ANAK DALAM NOVEL TOTTO-CHAN KARYA TETSUKO KUROYANAGI
Authors: Hastuti Nur
Published: March 2019

chan by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi.The object research is Novel Madogiwa No Tottochan by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi that is published in 1981. This research has aim to get description of education values and the effects toward children social relationship in the novel of Totto-chan. The approach method to answer both problems is literary sociology approach. Litetature has relation with people in the society, the effort of people to addapt and change society. Sociology is objective and scientific study about human in society, study about institution and social process. The difference between literature and sociology is sociology does scientific and  objective analysis. In other hand, literature infiltrates and penetrates social life and shows human ways to comprehend society with their feeling.The teaching result of education values and the effects for the children social relationship are:1. Want to listen what the students tell. We must respect each other and appreciate to the others. It happens when people is speaking to us, so we must pay attention and listen well. The social relationship with everyone created by communication can run well. 2. Give self confidence.When we give trust to the others to do their tasks, so we must believe that person can responsible for their task, so that that person can be success in their task. When we give believe to the other person to overcome their problem, so we have to be sure that they can do it well. The trust between one and others create harmonious social relationship. 3. Delete unpretentious feeling  in disable children.Whoever our frien, we must love them eventhough they have lack (disable). Teacher Kobayashi also teach that children or students can not underestimate those disable person. This case makes children in Tomoe love each other, so that social relationship like friendship will create well without underestimate each other.
The didactic and intellectual work of Bonipertus, first bishop of Pécs (1009–1036)
Authors: Queret-Podesta Adrien
Published: March 2019

Bardzo niewiele przetrwało informacji na temat życia Boniperta, pierwszego biskupa miasta Pécs, żyjącego we wczesnym średniowieczu. Analiza źródeł węgierskich wskazuje, że został biskupem Pécs w roku 1009, zakończył episkopat w roku 1036 i że zmarł w roku 1042, prawdopodobnie na Węgrzech. Niestety, źródła milczą, jeśli chodzi o życie kapłana przed objęciem stanowiska biskupa w Pécs. Przeprowadzone badania antroponimiczne imienia „Bonipert” sugerują, że biskup był pochodzenia frankońskiego lub północnowłoskiego. Trudno dziś ustalić, która z tych hipotez jest właściwa, gdyż na korzyść każdej z nich przemawiają interesujące argumenty, a jednocześnie każda z hipotez kryje poważne słabości. Należy jednak podkreślić, że jedyny dokument dotyczący Boniperta, który nie jest pochodzenia węgierskiego, pochodzi z obszaru współczesnej północno-zachodniej Francji. Dokument ten to list napisany przez słynnego biskupa Fulberta z Chartres w odpowiedzi na prośbę Boniperta o wypożyczenie manuskryptu Pryscjana. Jeżeli posłużyć się głównie tym tekstem w dyskusji na temat pochodzenia pierwszego biskupa miasta Pécs, to należy zaznaczyć, że w opinii uczonych żądanie Boniperta wynikało z faktu, iż biskup potrzebował tekstu do pracy dydaktycznej. Prośba ta jest dowodem na istnienie szkoły katedralnej w Pécs w okresie działania pierwszego biskupa. Należy również podkreślić, że budynek szkoły katedralnej nie jest jedynym osiągnięciem przypisywanym Bonipertowi przez uczonych. Kilka lat temu profesor László Havas wysunął hipotezę, że istnieje powiązanie między Bonipertem a pochodzeniem Libellus de Instutione Morum, dziełem z gatunku speculum principale, napisanym w pierwszym dwudziestopięcioleciu XI w. przez anonimowego autora na zlecenie Stefana dla jego syna, Emeryka. Pomimo raczej hipotetycznego charakteru ze względu na bardzo małą liczbę zachowanych dokumentów dowodowych, prowadzone badania nad pracą intelektualną biskupa Boniperta dały pewne interesujące wyniki. Można na ich podstawie wnioskować, że Bonipert był prawdopodobnie bardzo dobrze wykształcony i był traktowany jak równy przez jednego z największych intelektualistów swych czasów, Fulberta z Chartres. Jego troska o edukację nie budzi żadnych wątpliwości, gdyż z wszelkim prawdopodobieństwem był założycielem szkoły katedralnej w Pécs. Prezentowała ona zapewne dobry poziom niedługo po jej założeniu. Jak wynika z naszego pobieżnego badania kwestii związku między Bonipertusem a Libellus de Institutione Morum, pytanie dotyczące tego dzieła literackiego jest dużo bardziej złożone. Nie można jednak formalnie wykluczyć hipotezy, że pierwszy biskup miasta Pécs był zaangażowany w tworzenie pierwszego pomnika średniowiecznej literatury węgierskiej.
Karol Wielki – cesarz reformator. W 1200 rocznicę śmierci
Authors: Ratajczak Krzysztof
Published: March 2019

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Wiesława Korzeniowska, Myśl pedagogiczna na przestrzeni wieków. Chronologiczny słownik biograficzny, Oficyna Wydawnicza „Impuls”, Kraków 2011, ss. 254
Authors: Głowacka-Sobiech Edyta
Published: March 2019

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Qualia bona in coniuge sunt quaerenda.... Zalecenia na temat wyboru żony w świetle średniowiecznych traktatów o wychowaniu (na przykładzie De regimine principum Idziego Rzymianina)
Authors: Brzeziński Witold
Published: March 2019

The paper is concerned with the advice regarding choosing a wife presented in the thir-teenthcentury educational treatise De regimine principum by Giles of Rome. It was the most popular “mirror of prince” in the later Middle Ages. In defining the criteria one should pay attention to Giles distinguishes three kinds of “goods” (bona) that an appro-priate wife-to-be should possess. These are the so-called external (exterior) goods and internal (interior) ones, the latter being in turn divided into the bodily goods (bona cor-poris) and the spiritual goods (bona animae). The first kind includes such goods as noble descent (nobilitas generis), multitude of friends (pluralitas amicorum) and abundance of wealth (multitudo divitiarum); the second – beauty (pulchritudo) and size (magnitudo); the third – self control (temperantia) and liking for work (amor operositatis). These three kinds of goods, as well as particular examples of them, are drawn by Giles from Aristotle’s Rhetorica. Yet, when compared to those enumerated by medieval theologians and canon lawyers in their discussons of reasons for marrying, they do not considerably differ from them. What matters is that Giles sees and accepts all of them as relatively equally important as criteria used for choosing a wife. This is because they are all neces-sary for setting up a successful marriage that will bring happiness to a man.
Okoliczności powstania oraz przejawy działalności religijnej i kulturowej jezuitów w Płocku w XVII i XVIII wieku
Authors: Graczyk Waldemar
Published: March 2019

The goal of this article is to present the circumstances accompanying the establishment of the Jesuit collegium in Płock. The author analyses the economic, political and cultural bases of the foundation as well as the role played in this venture by bishops Andrzej Noskowski and Marcin Szyszkowski. Finally, in 1616 the Jesuit foundation in Płock was approved by the Polish Parliament. The article includes a description of the working methods employed by the Jesuit teachers, the curricula, as well as the extra-curricular forms of affecting the local community of the Jesuit Society Collegium – the Sodality of Our Lady and other organized and informal religious societies. What is more, the Jesuits working in Płock were involved in propagating the Catholic faith. The author also discusses the importance of the school theatre in introducing the models of raising children promoted by Jesuits.
Edukacja dziewcząt pod zaborem pruskim na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku
Authors: Łukasiewicz Dariusz
Published: March 2019

At the turn of 18th and 19th century the education of women on Polish territory underwent a gradual enlargement. Already in the period of the reforms of the National Education Commission, more girls received education; after the seizure of Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) by Prussia in 1793, Germany implemented their educational system, that meant the acceleration of development. Compulsory schooling in Prussian was introduced in 1794, however, it was still poorly enforced. In Prussia girls often attended lower school due to the requirement for a Protestant to have the ability to read the Scriptures. More and more often, they also attended secondary schools with syllabuses not extensively devoted to Latin, but to more practical skills, connected with so-called woman’s work, and to religious education. In Wielkopolska, lower education, private schools for girls and schooling by tutors in convents and midwifery schools increased significantly. Nevertheless, girls did not attend ordinary secondary schools, which retained an emphasis on teaching Latin, or colleges.
Mamki – najemne karmicielki w świetle literatury poradnikowej z drugiej połowy XIX i początku XX wieku
Authors: Nawrot-Borowska Monika
Published: March 2019

Wet nurses, i.e. hired breast-feeders of babies, were the subject matter of this research. It aims to systematize the advice that was formulated on the pages of “how-to” books regarding the search for, recruitment, and treatment of wet nurses in the homes of one’s charges. The specific duties of wet nurses that were especially expected of them are determined, as well as the errors most frequently committed in their performance, which the authors of how-to books described at length, in order to warn mothers against the incompetence of paid breast-feeders. A comparison of the views of authors of “how-to” books over nearly 70 years will allow us to determine a possible evolution of views regarding wet nursing. The “how-to” books on health, hygiene, and education from the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century (the period approximately from 1850-1918), published in Polish areas and addressed mainly at families, especially mothers, form the source material for the research. The use of this type of literature will allow us to reconstruct the promulgated image of wet nursing without broader reference to providing help for them, which is worth confronting with the “how-to”  recommendations, attempting to determine whether, and to what extent, they were reflected in everyday life (e.g. using epistolary or archival sources, and memoirs). Nevertheless, the authors of “how-to” books also referred to the practice of tending infants and young children, criticizing inappropriate behaviour of wet nurses, while the recommendations formulated by them were to remedy inappropriate behaviour occurring in reality. The issue of wet nursing has not hitherto been analysed in detail in Polish historiography. In recent years, though, a few texts or papers in which one can find more or less extensive information (the less extensive ones predominate) related to breastfeeding by wet nurses in the Polish areas in the Middle Ages, the period of Old Poland, or the partition period, have been published. Thus, it seems even more reasonable to explore this issue, which will help to fill a gap in the development of the history of breastfeeding, nursing, and tending infants and small children.
Z działalności najstarszej placówki poradnictwa psychologiczno-pedagogicznego w Poznaniu
Authors: Knocińska Anna
Published: March 2019

The oldest institution of psychological and pedagogical counselling in Poznań has been operating for almost sixty years. We are referring to the Psychological and Pedagogical Clinic for Children and Young People with Special Educational Needs, currently located on Ulica 28 Czerwca, 1956, no. 296/298. It’s origins date back to 1957, when the efforts of the school authorities and academic circles in Poznań created the Psychological Clinic in Poznań. Since it started operating to the present day almost everything has changed. The institution has been subject over the years to numerous reforms, be they administrative, educational, or to the system of providing psychological and educational assistance. The name of the institution has changed four times, the range of tasks has been repeatedly redefined, continually expanding, and the supervising authorities and area of operation have changed. Undeniably, though, it has always played an extremely important role for the children and young people under its care, providing vital real life.
Johna Locke’a koncepcja wychowania moralnego
Authors: Raniszewska-Wyrwa Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

John Locke was an English philosopher, doctor and politician who also contributed to the developmen of educational thinking. His school experiences, as well as those acquired in the role of a teacher, were the impulse behind his deliberations on education. The letters to Edward Clarke, forming an answer to Clarke’s request that he guide his children’s upbringing, provided the opportunity for him to present them. The content that Locke included in his letters was, in time, repeated in Some Thoughts Concerning Education. The ideas on descent and the limits of human cognition presented in his philosophical works are closely related with his views on education. In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Locke stated that the human mind at the moment of birth is a blank slate (tabula rasa), which through life is filled by experiences. As a result, he attributed much importance to education – it is an integral part of the process of filling the mind with content, and through this shaping the person. Locke stressed that most people are “good or bad, beneficial or not as a result of their education”. He was convinced that there is an unbreakable connection between three areas of education: the moral, mental and physical. Of those three he considered moral education as the most important. He stressed that the aim of education is to guide a person in such a way that enables them to control their aspirations, desires and affections with the mind – and that such skills are the basis of virtue. According to Locke, without virtue and self-discipline it is difficult to act in a reasonable way. He recognised people’s individualism, so he recommended that the methods of education should be fitted to the abilities of the child. He called for the replacement of orders and prohibitions with explanation, habituation, understanding and experience. A child needs to be taught, among other things, to appreciate truth, honesty, respect for others, kindness and restraint from cruelty towards people and animals. According to Locke, this should lead to correct shaping of moral character.
Determination of the Metastable Zone and Induction Period of Urea Phosphate Solution
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Baoming , Tang Jianwei , Liu Yong , Hua Quanxian , Liu Li
Published: March 2019

Determination of the metastable zone width and induction period of urea phosphate. The effects of saturation temperature, cooling rate, stirring rate, and impurity ions on the width of metastable region of urea phosphate crystals and the effect of supersaturation on its induction period were studied. The results show that the width of the crystallization metastable zone narrows with the increase of the saturation temperature, the stirring rate, and the decrease of the cooling rate. The apparent nucleation series m is calculated to be 1.021. The crystallization induction period becomes shorter as the increasing supersaturation S. Impurity ions increase the width of the metastable zone of phosphoric acid. F- has the most significant effect on the width of the metastable zone, and the effect of SO42- is relatively weakest.
Study of the Correction of Effects Chromatic Dispersion and Attenuation to Evaluate the Optical Transmission
Authors: Kheris Saliha , Bouabdallah Badra
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we have presented a global study of simple bonds, focusing on the main limitations introduced by different optical components as laser source, fiber, optical amplifier, and optical detector. The construction of a long-distance link requires the compensation of attenuation and chromatic dispersion phenomena. Thus, it is well known that the attenuations cause the drop of the signal intensity, whereas the pulse spreading, due to the dispersion, causes the increase of the Bit Error Rate (BER) and consequently the reduction of the signal to noise ratio (SNR). In this purpose, we have calculated the quality factor (Q) issues from the noisy signal’s simulations. We have found a Q of 7.02 to a BER of 0.8 e−12. The founding results match well with fixes norms in telecommunication field.
Preparation of graphene-based compounds with improved dispersion by a two-stage production process
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Adamy Maximilian
Published: March 2019

Graphene can be used as a functional filler in thermoplastics in order to improve the mechanical and electrical properties, among other things. In the case of high exfoliation and dispersion state, disproportionate increases in compound properties can be achieved even with the lowest filler content. Accordingly, dispersion plays a decisive role here. Up to now, it has not been possible to achieve sufficient dispersion under near-industrial conditions on a twin-screw extruder due to the achievable shear energy input and short residence times. Therefore, this study presents a two-stage compounding process with the aim of improving graphene dispersion. First of all, a predispersion step is carried out in a solvent with the aid of ultrasonic treatment. The predispersed graphene solution is then added to the twin-screw extruder for incorporation. The solvent is removed by a multi-stage degassing process. The results show an improved dispersion compared to conventional addition of the graphene in powder form. In particular, the elongation at break of graphene-based composites can be increased from 13.6% to 57.1% by the increased dispersion.
Impact of N-(2-aminoethyl) Glycine Unit on Watson-Crick Base Pairs
Authors: Karunakaran Indumathi , Angamuthu Abiram , Gopalan Praveena
Published: March 2019

We aim to understand the structure and stability of the backbone tailored Watson-Crick base pairs, Guanine-Cytosine (GC), Adenine-Thymine (AT) and Adenine-Uracil (AU) by incorporating N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine units (linked by amide bonds) at the purine and pyrimidine sites of the nucleobases. Density functional theory (DFT) is employed in which B3LYP/6-311++G∗
∗ level of theory has been used to optimize all the structures. The peptide attached base pairs are compared with the natural deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) base pairs and the calculations are carried out in both the gas and solution phases. The structural propensities of the optimized base pairs are analyzed using base pair geometries, hydrogen bond distances and stabilization energies and, compared with the standard reference data. The structural parameters were found to correlate well with the available data. The addition of peptide chain at the back bone of the DNA/RNA base pairs results only with a minimal distortion and hence does not alter the structural configuration of the base pairs. Also enhanced stability of the base pairs is spotted while adding peptidic chain at the purine site rather than the pyrimidine site of the nucleobases. The stability of the complexes is further interpreted by considering the hydrogen bonded N–H stretching frequencies of the respective base pairs. The discrimination in the interaction energies observed in both gas and solution phases are resulted due to the existence of distinct lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) in the solution phase. The reactivity of the base pairs is also analyzed through the in-depth examinations on the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-LUMO orbitals.
DETERMINISTIC IDENTIFICATION METHODS FOR NONLINEAR DYNAMICALSYSTEMS BASED ON THEVOLTERRA MODEL
Authors: Pavlenko Vitaliy D. , Pavlenko Sergey V.
Published: March 2019

The paper solves an important scientific and practical problem, which is to improve the accuracy and computational stability of the methods of deterministic identification of nonlinear dynamic systems in the form of Volterra model based on experimental data of observations ”input-output” taking. On the base of theoretical and experimental studies created effective instrumental algorithmic and software tools for estimating Volterra kernels in the time domain Into account measurement errors. Results of the further development of methods of deterministic identification of nonlinear dynamic systems based on Volterra models using irregular pulse sequences show. The methods are based on the use of the Tikhonov regularization procedure. The amplitude of test impulses is used as a regularization parameter. In the identification, procedure applies wavelet filtering for smooth the estimates of the Volterra kernels apply. This gives increase the accuracy and noise immunity of identification methods. The approximation method of identification of the nonlinear dynamic systems based on Volterra models is improved. Method is consists in the choice of amplitudes of test signals and of coefficients scaling of the partial components of responses a nonlinear system in procedure of processing of signals-responses. The improvement is reduced to minimizing the methodological error in the allocation of partial components from the response of the identification object and allows obtaining more accurate estimates of Volterra nuclei. To improve the computational stability of the developed identification algorithms and for noise reduction in the obtained estimates of multidimensional Volterra kernels the wavelet filtration is used. This allows obtaining smoothed solutions and decreases error of the identification by 1,5-2,5 times. A new robust method of deterministic identification of nonlinear dynamic systems based on Volterra models in the time domain is developed. In contrast to the interpolation method, where finite difference formulas with a predetermined number of experimental studies of the object of identification are used for numerical differentiation. It is proposed to solve the corresponding Volterra integral equations of the first kind, for the numerical implementation of which an unlimited number of experiments can be used. This makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the calculation of derivatives, and consequently, the accuracy of identification. Software tools on the system Matlab platform have been developed to implement the developed computational algorithms for deterministic identification of nonlinear dynamic systems in the form of Volterra kernels.
FEATURES OF USING THE CANVAS-ORIENTED APPROACH TO GAME DESIGN
Authors: Blazhko Oleksanrd A. , Luhova Tatiana A.
Published: March 2019

The article proposes an canvas-oriented approach to game design. It justifies the applying of a dynamic cycle of interconnected canvases into creative game design, for the purpose of documenting the progress and results of the creative process, stimulating it while canvases simultaneously are both clues and guides in game development. The author's definition of game design сanvasation as a process of creation of a visual abstract structure that generalizes the case goal (the task containing the accumulated experience) for achieving it and creating a unique creative product is given. Projects “Canvas of Player Psychotypes & Aethteticts”, “Canvas of Player's needs in Control, Information and Action”, “Canvas of Game Mechanics & Dynamics”, “Canvas of Narrative”, “Canvas of the Game World”, “Canvas of Game Level” are presented. Canvases structure the game development process, reduce the time taken to generate game designer ideas and to contrive game mechanic and dynamics. Canvases are an additional road map toward making creative decisions in game design. They can be a convenient basis for automating the process of latter, a paper prototype of the game and the game design as a quest process provided that each canvas is a location with quest tasks, the variability of which depends on the potential and attitude of the leader and team. The proposed set of interrelated canvas has been tested during the training course “Computer Game Design for Education” for teachers of the humanities of Odessa National Polytechnic University within the framework of European Commission Erasmus+KA2-project GameHub. Subsequently, it is planned to develop “Canvas Balance” and “Canvas Ethical Dilemma” to regulate the game with regard to balance and ethics by detecting deficiencies in the gameplay components, controlling the achievement of the necessary aesthetics and solving ethical conflicts, adjusting feedback between channels so that, ultimately, create socially useful human oriented product. The algorithm for routing the components of the canvases also will be developed, allowing to automate the process of filling out sections of the Game Design Document.