bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soins aux nouveau-nés : les recommandations internationales face aux enjeux sociaux de la naissance
Authors: Kane Hélène
Published: February 2020

Introduction : Sous l’impulsion de larges programmes internationaux ciblant spécifiquement la survie néonatale, un ensemble de pratiques de soins recommandées sont promues en Afrique de l’Ouest. À partir des données d’une étude anthropologique multicentrique, nous proposons d’interroger comment les pratiques locales intègrent les recommandations diffusées par ces programmes. Méthode : Les enquêtes ont été réalisées dans des localités rurales de cinq pays : Bénin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritanie, Togo. Sur chaque site, les investigations ont combiné une ethnographie des soins aux nouveau-nés et des entretiens approfondis dans les maternités et aux domiciles. Résultats : Les soins aux nouveau-nés s’accordent à un ensemble de représentations et de logiques sociales locales, les recommandations médicales étant intégrées de manière hétérogène. Dans les maternités, les professionnels de santé rencontrent des difficultés à mettre en œuvre les pratiques recommandées, et opèrent diverses conciliations face aux contraintes matérielles et sociales locales. Du côté des familles, les « messages » promouvant les soins favorables à la survie des nouveau-nés ponctuent les propos, mais donnent lieu à diverses interprétations et à de variables modifications des soins. Discussion : L’irrégulière intégration des recommandations médicales dans les soins aux nouveau-nés est analysée autour de trois axes : les divergences d’intentionnalités autour de la naissance et de l’accueil du nouveau-né, les dissonances entre les soins préconisés et les conceptions locales du nouveau-né, l’influence des relations de pouvoir intrafamiliales. Considérant la complexité des changements en matière de soins néonataux, nous plaidons en faveur d’une mise en œuvre des programmes respectueuse à la fois des cultures d’accueil du nouveau-né, et des compétences des professionnels de santé à concilier des contraintes contradictoires.
Les formes d’implication plurielles des hommes et des femmes dans la santé du nouveau-né en milieu rural au Mali
Authors: Coulibaly Abdourahmane
Published: February 2020

Objectif : Ce travail ethnographique cherche à comprendre la construction des rapports sociaux de genre et de génération autour de la santé du nouveau-né en milieu de soin, d’une part, et en milieu familial, d’autre part. Méthode : Une immersion de plusieurs semaines a permis de recueillir les données sur les perceptions et les pratiques les plus courantes qui construisent le quotidien des différents acteurs impliqués dans la santé du nouveau-né. Les données ont été collectées à l’aide de l’observation participante et les entretiens semi-directifs. Beaucoup de données complémentaires ont été recueillies grâce aux entretiens informels. Résultats : Dans les institutions sanitaires, les personnes qui jouent le rôle d’accompagnant sont généralement des femmes. Elles sont issues, le plus souvent, de la famille du mari et sont engagées dans un rôle pouvant être assimilé au «  care  ». Dans la plupart de cas, l’implication des maris concerne le transport de la parturiente au centre de santé, le transport de la nourriture, les démarches administratives, le payement des ordonnances. En milieu familial, le « prendre soin » du nouveau-né obéit également à des logiques sexuelles ainsi qu’à des logiques générationnelles qui montrent une meilleure intégration des consignes de la biomédecine par les jeunes femmes. Toutefois, les données de l’enquête ont montré que l’implication des hommes et l’implication des femmes ne peuvent pas se définir selon une séparation duale entre des rôles relevant du masculin et des rôles relevant du féminin, car les rapports sociaux se construisent selon beaucoup d’autres variables. Conclusion : La santé du nouveau-né est au centre de plusieurs registres normatifs qui essaient de l’influencer chacun à sa façon. Cette réalité, forcément plurielle, échappe souvent aux programmes de santé publique.
« Si tu ne pousses pas, tu vas tuer ton enfant ! » Sages-femmes et mères face aux morts périnatales au Togo
Authors: Douti Pack
Published: February 2020

Introduction : Les derniers rapports mondiaux montrent qu’en 2016, 2,6 millions d’enfants sont morts dans le monde durant leur premier mois de naissance. Aussi, la proportion des décès néonatals parmi les décès des enfants de moins de cinq ans a augmenté entre 1990 et 2015 : passant de 26 %, en 1990, à 35 % en 2015 [1]. Méthode : Une étude anthropologique dans les structures de santé publique et à domicile dans la région des savanes (Togo) nous a permis d’observer et de réaliser une ethnographie clinique de différentes situations de décès périnataux. Résultats : Pour le personnel soignant, dans la majorité des cas la responsabilité incombe à la mère : soit elle est arrivée trop tard à l’hôpital, soit elle n’a pas bien suivi les instructions données par le corps médical. Il est rare de constater une remise en question du personnel soignant face à de telles situations. Outre cette culpabilisation des mères éplorées, on constate un désinvestissement autant par le personnel soignant que par la famille : des silences et beaucoup de non-dits entourent ces décès d’enfants. Conclusion : Cette étude met en évidence la nécessité d’instaurer des audits de décès dans les maternités afin d’améliorer la prise en charge des nouveau-nés et des mères.
Development and Analysis of a Frame for Formula Student Competition
Authors: Pasa Mihai , Dumitru Ilie , Matei Lucian , Racila Laurentiu
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this paper is to design and develop a formula student frame, according to the SAE regulation. The content of the paper contains a series of results obtained from frame loads at torsion and bending, using FEA (Finite Element Analysis). It should be mentioned that this design is a preliminary one, a prototype. After its construction, we will perform laboratory tests and begin the optimization processes. The ultimate goal is to get a frame that meets all the technical-economic requirements and to obtain competiton frame.
Developments of Audi Space Frame Technology for Automotive Body Aluminum Construction
Authors: Pană Gabriela Monica
Published: February 2020

With ASF (Audi Space Frame) technology, Audi has completely reinvented the body construction using aluminum as a material and a concept adapted to light metal. ASF technology has undergone developments that efficiently exploit the knowledge accumulated from the efficient use of aluminum alloys, the optimization of casting and profiling processes, to the most appropriate techniques for joining components. The paper analyzes the main technical and technological developments adopted by Audi in designing and manufacturing the aluminum space frame for the car body.
Determining Mechanical Causes that Produce Dental Wear Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Vatu Mihaela , Vintilă Daniela , Popa Dragos Laurentiu , Mercuţ Rodica , Popescu Sanda Mihaela , Vintila Georgiana
Published: February 2020

Dental wear has accompanied human evolution, being strictly related to its way of life. Dental wear is a lesion of dental hard tissue commonly found in dental practice. Starting from the virtual skull model, the virtual models of the two upper premolars on the left hemisphere were generated, then the finite element method evaluated the stresses, displacements and strains generated by the resistance forces from the dental tissues of the two premolars during mandibular movements with occlusal contact. It is found that the value of these results increases as dental wear increases. This phenomenon is more visible in the teeth where the value almost doubles. Two explanations could be given for this situation: mechanically, these stresses are inversely proportional to the volume of the dental structures and, as they reduce, through dental wear, increase the stress, also, the sharp edges resulting from dental wear are mechanical stress concentrators.
Study on the Energy Parameters of a Vehicle while Driving Using DEWESOFT-101 Minitaur
Authors: Oprica Alexandru , Dima Alexandru , Florescu Bogdan Stefan , Dumitru Ilie
Published: February 2020

The aim of the paper is to study the opportunities offered by an on-board data acquisition system (DAQ) in collecting, monitoring and controlling vehicle operating parameters. The testing system is able to obtain information concerning the energetic and dynamic parameters. It also has a built-in GPS system that allows the correlation between the information acquired with the route traveled. The data is collected from the vehicle in real-driving conditions and is processed with the aim of analyze it.
Titanium-Based Sintered Alloy with Improved Wear Resistance
Authors: Gheorghe Stefan , Pascu Cristina Ileana , Nicolicescu Claudiu
Published: February 2020

Titanium sintered alloys have a special use in the technique because they have multiple advantages. Titanium and its alloys are characterized by remarkable physic-chemical, mechanical and technological properties. However, there are several such properties that have a lower value, such as friction behavior. Titanium and its alloys are recognized as having low wear resistance. Titanium alloyed with certain elements, such as tin or graphite, can lead to alloys with improved wear properties, with the specification that graphite does not exceed 1%. The technology of manufacturing titanium-based alloys is specific to powder metallurgy, but it also has some originality by choosing special sintering cycles. The paper aims to present a tribological characterization of the sintered TiAl alloy; the method uses the disc of the alloy that has been researched in contact with an alumina ball. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the wear tests carried out for four types of specimens obtained by different methods.
Considerations on Single and Multiple Nests Molding Injection
Authors: Rosca Adrian Sorin , Craciunoiu Nicolae , Geonea Ionuţ Daniel
Published: February 2020

The paper presents an analysis at a molding process for a twin button mouse. There are analyzed few variants for a single nest and for a four nests mold, using different gate positions. There are emphasized the quality parameters for the molding processes, and finally a cost estimation is done, which allow to select the most convenient solution.
A Study on the Optimization of the Cutting Parameters in Turning of Pure Titanium
Authors: Panduru Dumitru , Patru Emil Nicusor , Craciunoiu Nicolae , Bica Marin
Published: February 2020

Pure titanium and its alloys are widely used in automotive industry, due to their high specific strength (strength/density) and excellent corrosion resistance, despite of their high cost. From point of view of machining, turning experiments of the pure titanium involve few input parameters (cutting speed, feed rate or depth of cut) and investigation of their influence on the response parameters of the cutting process (temperature in this case). Objectives of this study are to find the optimal combination of the input parameters, so that the temperature in turning of pure titanium to be minimum. In order to use a small number of experiments, two major tools, signal-to-noise (one of the three characteristic: nominal is the best, smaller the better or larger is better) and orthogonal array as statistical method can be used. For this study, a L9 (34) orthogonal array was considered adequate, so nine experiments was conducted using each factor (speed, feed and depth of cut) at three different levels.
Experimental Analysis of the Movement of the Human Ankle Joint on Three Categories of Subjects with the Monitoring of the Critical States
Authors: Colici Florin , Dumitru Nicolae , Copiluși Cristian
Published: February 2020

This research is pointed to the experimental development of the laws of motion generated by the trajectories of the joints of the lower limb of the human locomotion system, for the activity of stepping. Ankle rehabilitation is a very complicated problem considering both the complexity of the biomechanical system and the pathologies that generate its incapacity. In order to determine the laws of motion necessary to perform the experimental analysis, an advanced image acquisition and analysis equipment was used, named CONTEMPLAS. By analyzing the human biomechanical system with this equipment, it was possible to determine the trajectories of the points attached to it, both in a single plane and in space using one or two ultra-fast video cameras. The experimental data gathered in this research allows us to create a database in order to design future special orthotic devices for people locomotion rehabilitation.
Contributions Regarding the Implementation Nzeb Concept in Existing Public Buildings
Authors: Călbureanu Mădălina Xenia , Malciu Raluca , Calbureanu Diana Mara , Barbu Anca Mihaela
Published: February 2020

This paper purpose is to provide recommendations for a public buildings – hospital - x in order to increase energy efficiency, saving primary resources, to ensure a healthy indoor climate for users, and last but not least to ensure a reduction of CO2 emissions in order to ensure an external environment with low pollutant emissions. After the thermal expertise of this building, the carried out analysis has as main objective to consider all the parameters involved (installations, insulations, indoor environment, comfort). Along with rehabilitation of a public building (envelope and installations), especially it is necessary to save energy but not to endanger the indoor climate. Non-invasive methods were used to inspect the building by using thermo-vision both for the building envelope and for inspection of existing installations. All the entering parameters such as utilities bills were analyzed for a period of one year to highlight current energy performance. The given recommendations achieve the proposed goal and highlight the active role of building management, continuous monitoring of energy and utilities to assess and improve energy efficiency, and ultimately to minimize specific energy costs. The results of this study can be used successfully on a wide range of hospital buildings in Romania.
Urban Evolution of the Streets and Parcels of the Craiova City
Authors: Trif Andreea Gabriela
Published: February 2020

The present article presents a brief analysis of the evolution of the streets and the plots of the city of Craiova, as main urban development elements. The study is carried out on the historical plans of the city and is approached on several directions of analysis - functions, urban landmarks, routes, connections. Thus, the study captures the physical characteristics of the urban texture as well as its main development stages.
Considerations on Computational Accuracy of the Solution for a Partial Differential Equation
Authors: Valeriu Ionica , Miriţoiu Cosmin Mihai , Bolcu Alexandru , Bagnaru Dan Gheorghe , Bolcu Dumitru , Stănescu Marius Marinel
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we will compare the methods of solving with explicit or implicit finite difference of the partial differential equations that define the mechanical models of hydrodynamics movements, thermodynamics or those that define the vibration movements with the ones that use integral transforms. By applying the Laplace and Fourier transforms, finite in sine or cosine, depending on the boundary conditions of the real physical problem, it leads to the algebraic approach of the problem, which reduces the difficulty of solving partial differential equations. The errors obtained for the solution of partial differential equations using different methods are within the standard norms. However, in terms of calculus precision, the use of integral transforms is more advantageous.
Circular-Arc Radial Cams with One Connection Arc
Authors: Cretu Simona Mariana , Geonea Ionuţ Daniel
Published: February 2020

This paper deals with the geometric and kinematic analysis of the circular-arc profile cams with one connection arc. If the maximum lift of the follower is required, it is shown that it is possible to connect two circular-arcs – that are defined by center of curvature and radius – through a single circular-arc, and the connection points result. But, if the connection points of two given circular-arcs of the cam profile are required, at least two circular-arcs are needed to connect them. The specific equations for the geometric analysis for one circular-arc profile are described. Also, for two mechanisms, one with straight-line profile and another with one circular-arc connection profile, the geometric and kinematic analysis and simulations of the movements using SolidWorks and ADAMS programs are presented
Punishment as Misdirected Discipline: A Psychological Study of “The Lumber Room” by H. H. Munro alias Saki
Authors: Fonseka E. A. Gamini
Published: February 2020

“The Lumber Room” by Hector Hugh Munro(1870-1916),who wrote under the penname “Saki”, is a short story that covers the survival struggle of the juvenile Nicholas growing in the care of some authoritarian adults. The conditions Nicholas suffers in the story parallel with some details of Munro’s childhood that he spent in the custody of his aunts after the death of his mother. Based on what transpires in the life of Nicholas as a child, this paper attempts to carry out a psychological study of punishment as misdirected discipline, in order to establish that the intelligent independently develop their own stance about the good and the bad, however much they are suppressed in society. From this general stance on Munro’s short stories, this paper investigates the psychological effects of punishment on the Aunt and Nicholas in their respective roles as the prosecutor and the offender in “The Lumber Room” in a situation of misdirected discipline.
Community Perception and Response to Drought Risks in the Hambantota District in Sri Lanka
Authors: Amaraweera P. H. , De Silva Jayanthi , Ali S. K. M.
Published: February 2020

The drought has been identified as the most frequent natural disaster in Sri Lanka. The effects of a drought can last for a long period of time resulting in various environmental and socio-economic losses. The current study aims to explore how the community perceive drought in Hambantota district which is one of the main drought-prone districts in Sri Lanka. It also examines in what ways the affected people respond to a drought incident. The study adopted a mixed methodology incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. First, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was computed using rainfall data of seventeen meteorological stations covering Hambantota district for the period from 1961 to 2015. The results indicate a higher drought intensity within several areas of the district. Based on the higher intensity, Lunugamvehera Divisional Secretariat Division was selected as the study area for the community survey to examine perception and response to drought. The community survey was conducted with a sample of 160 households which were selected using simple random sampling technique. An interviewer-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from the selected respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Respondents have reported that they were affected by annual drought incidences while experiencing a severe drought once in every five years. The duration of an annual drought extended at least 5 months (from May to September) and severe drought extended 10 to 12 months (May to March). Therefore, the vast majority of affected people were perceived to be living in a drought risk area. 76.3 percent of respondents facing annual drought and 80.0 percent of respondents facing severe drought have perceived that the frequency of droughts has increased over time.
Iron deficiency in non-anemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a predominantly male population: an ignored entity
Authors: Rathi Vidushi , Ish Pranav , Singh Gulvir , Tiwari Mani , Goel Nitin , Gaur Shailendra Nath
Published: February 2020

Non-anemic iron deficiency has been studied in heart failure, but studies are lacking in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The potential clinical implications of association of iron deficiency with the severity of COPD warrant research in this direction. This was an observational, cross-sectional study on patients with COPD to compare disease severity, functional status and quality of life in non-anemic patients with COPD between two groups - iron deficient and non-iron deficient. Stable non-anemic COPD with no cause of bleeding were evaluated for serum iron levels, ferritin levels, TIBC, 6MWD, SGRQ, spirometry, and CAT questionnaire. The study patients were divided into iron replete (IR) and iron deficient (ID) groups. A total of 79 patients were studied, out of which 72 were men and seven were women. The mean age was 61.5±8.42 years. Of these, 36 (45.5%; 95% CI, 34.3-56.8%) had iron deficiency. Mean 6-minute-walk distance was significantly shorter in ID (354.28±82.4 meters vs 432.5±47.21 meters; p=0.001). A number of exacerbations in a year were more in ID group (p=0.003), and more patients in ID had at least two exacerbations of COPD within a year (p=0.001). However, the resting pO2, SaO2, and SpO2 levels did not differ significantly between the two groups (p=0.15 and p=0.52, respectively). Also, there was no significant difference in the distribution of patients of a different class of airflow limitations between the two groups. Non-anemic iron deficiency (NAID) is an ignored, yet easily correctable comorbidity in COPD. Patients with iron deficiency have a more severe grade of COPD, had lesser exercise capacity and more exacerbations in a year as compared to non-iron deficient patients. So, foraying into the avenue of iron supplementation, which has shown promising results in improving functional capacity in heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, may well lead to revolutionary changes in the treatment of COPD.
A feather cyst causing vertebral bone lysis and spinal cord compression in a Lohmann Brown layer
Authors: Samkange Alaster , Mushonga Borden , Kandiwa Erick , Bishi Alec S. , Segwagwe Basiamisi V.E. , Muradzikwa Erdwin
Published: February 2020

A feather cyst in the cervical region which, through complications of inward growth, resulted in compression of the cervical spinal cord of a Lohmann Brown layer is described. It is postulated that expansion of the cyst exerted pressure on the adjacent cervical vertebra and through bone lysis created an opening through which the cyst protruded, thereby exerting pressure on the spinal cord. The affected spinal cord segment was reduced to a fifth of its normal diameter. The bird most likely died of starvation because of limb and neck paralysis and disorientation. Although the cause of the feather cyst was not conclusively identified, moulting and trauma could have triggered its formation and subsequent growth.
Variation between pragmatic and standardised blood pressure measurements in a Nigerian primary care clinic
Authors: Ojo Oluwaseun S. , Egunjobi Ademola O. , Fatusin Akinfemi J. , Fatusin Bolatito B. , Ojo Odunola O. , Taiwo Babajide A. , Ghazali Ibrahim B. , Gbadamosi Nurudeen A.
Published: February 2020

Background: A significant difference in the blood pressure (BP) value of a patient taken by different health workers has been a subject of discussion among health workers. This study investigated the variations between usual-care and guideline-concordant BP measurement protocols and evaluated the implications of the disparities on diagnosis and treatment decision.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 206 participants. The usual-care and guideline-concordant BP readings taken from each participant by the regular clinic nurses and research-trained nurses, respectively, were obtained.Results: Majority of the regular clinic nurses following the usual-care protocol used the left arm for BP measurement (59.7%). The systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) readings were higher on the right arm in 55.3% and 39.2% of the participants, respectively. The mean guideline-concordant BP was 7.67 mmHg higher than the mean usual-care for SBP (p ≤ 0.05) and 7.14 mmHg higher for DBP (p ≤ 0.05). The proportion of participants classified as having hypertension and uncontrolled BP was 11.8% and 15.0% lower when using usual-care BP compared to guideline-concordant BP, respectively. Fifty-one (24.8%) respondents were advised incorrect treatment based on usual-care BP measurement. The Bland-Altman plot showed that limits of agreement were wider than within the 10 mmHg clinical reference range and unacceptable for clinical purposes.Conclusion: The usual-care and guideline-concordant BP measurement protocols were significantly different, and the disparity had significant consequences on the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Health workers should strictly adhere to the guidelines on BP measurement to avoid mismanagement of patients.
Diet Effects on Growth, Mortality, RNA: DNA Ratio and Gene Expression of Zebrafish Danio rerio
Authors: Rabbane Md. Golam , Ali Md. Yousuf , Zahid Md. Al , Hossain Jakir
Published: February 2020

This study evaluated the effects of different combination of commercial and natural diets (T1: egg yolk, T2: egg yolk+ Artemia, T3: Horlicks, T4: Horlicks+ Artemia, T5: TetraBits, T6: TetraBits+ Artemia, T7: NovoTom, T8: NovoTom+ Artemia) on growth, mortality, RNA: DNA ratio and gene expression of zebrafish for a period of 45 days. Significantly highest length (2.75±0.04 cm) and weight (0.25±0.10 g) gain were recorded in T2 treatment. Lowest length gain (2.00±0.08 cm) and weight gain (0.14±0.12 g) were calculated in T3. Significant highest mortality (65.00±8.66%) was observed in treatment T7 followed by T5 and T8 and significant lowest mortality (20.00±7.64%) was recorded in T2. By molecular analysis, Highest RNA: DNA ratio was found (1.01) in T5 followed by T4 (0.95) and lowest was found in T1 (0.77). Interestingly, a similar result was observed for gh1 (Growth hormone 1) gene expression. Highest gene expression was found in T5 followed by T4 and lowest in T2. Significant down regulation was observed in T2 for gh1 gene. Finally, the study would suggest that zebrafish can be fed with egg yolk+Artemia for better growth performance. The findings could provide a significant contribution to the field of global zebrafish as well as aquaculture research.
Service Specific Permissions and Security Guidelines for Connected Vehicle Applications
Authors:   V2X Security Technical Committee
Published: February 2020

SAE is developing a number of standards, including the SAE J2945/x and SAE J3161/x series, that specify a set of applications using message sets from the SAE J2735 data dictionary. (“Application” is used here to mean “a collection of activities including interactions between different entities in the service of a collection of related goals and associated with a given IEEE Provider Service Identifier (PSID)”). Authenticity and integrity of the communications for these applications are ensured using digital signatures and IEEE 1609.2 digital certificates, which also indicate the permissions of the senders using Provider Service Identifiers (PSIDs) and Service Specific Permissions (SSPs). The PSID is a globally unique identifier associated with an application specification that unambiguously describes how to build interoperable instances of that application. If the application features multiple activities such that different activities have different security impacts, correspond to different roles, or require different capabilities, then the application specifier should define an SSP data structure such that the contents of the SSP in a given certificate indicate which activities the certificate holder is entitled to carry out.

This document establishes a security systems engineering process that can be used by future application specifiers to (1) determine which fields and activities should be subject to SSP constraints, and (2) specify a syntax and semantics for the SSPs for that application. It also addresses the development of SSPs for scenarios not addressed in the original application specification; for example, arising from regional extensions, changes in application functionality, or future expansions of the base SAE J2735 standard.
Transparency in Public Administrations: The Italian FOIA Case
Authors: Bisio Luca
Published: February 2020

In a society where information is acquiring ever greater value, stakeholders - be they citizens or complex organisations - increasingly emphasise their need to access knowledge. Public administrations, characterised by their close proximity to the public, are even more duty-bound to manage and communicate information to the local community they serve. Emerging as key in this domain is the role of transparency, intended as an instrument able to bridge the gap between the information that public administrations hold and that of the community in which they operate. In a context where information itself is the asset that is the object of stakeholder interest, the FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) regulations become a useful framework to regulate the right and means of accessing information.
Corruption, Performance and Participation
Authors: Pollina Chiara
Published: February 2020

Fighting corruption is not a goal; it is a mean to reach the real goal that is devolving all public resources to create public value. In Italy, ANAC (the Authority in charge of fighting corruption) define corruption as “maladministration due to private use of public functions”. This is the first reason why counteract corruption means talking about performance. Literature suggests that we should consider two other reasons: many researches show that low levels of performance can incentive corruption and more recently some findings demonstrate that corruption can also be a form of resistance
Transparency and Business Management Systems
Authors: Colombo Dario A.
Published: February 2020

Co.De.Bri. is one of the most important and well-established social and vocational training services enterprises in the Lombardy region. The high degree of transparency and accountability towards stakeholders that characterizes Co.De.Bri. is the result of substantial investments in the programming, management, monitoring, and evaluation systems, which are all integrated in a structural and time management perspective.
An Evolutionary Transparency Approach to Public Accountability
Authors: Anselmi Luca , Zarone Vincenzo , Brunelli Sandro
Published: February 2020

The concept of accountability reflects the growing importance that transparency has assumed in Italy and elsewhere. The evolutionary path of transparency in the Italian public sector from the post-war period to the present day emerges as in increasingly pervasive transparency, both in form and substance. The general, specific, and prospective guidelines are aimed at: strengthening the constitutional principles of impartiality and the good performance of public administrations; increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of public administration activities, safeguarding public finances and preserving public management legitimacy; measuring and externally communicating the value created; producing and organising meaningful data in support of open government policies to increase the welfare of the economy.
Ouverture de ‘Special Issue on Global Tourism Management’
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. , Rizzi Paolo
Published: February 2020

Tourism is showing how the globalisation is changing the industry’s competition dynamics, with a growing complexity of rules and companies structures. Actually, the traditional tourism system based on the hotels is increasingly threatened by modern and innovative forms of hospitality, which cause a continuous growth of the quantity and a variety of tourist flows. Tourism has shifted from a phenomenon addressed to a limited elite and focused on natural environment to a global and mass phenomenon such as we are now experiencing the Era of Tourism. So the Destination Management becomes the strategic process in which private e public actors manage attractiveness factors and tourist services to affect the global and national market demand.
Regional Perspectives on Global Tourism Trends
Authors: Rizzi Paolo , Graziano Paola
Published: February 2020

In a context of high growth and rising tourism flows, the pursuit of new experience-oriented services and symbolic values has led to demand segmentation. The leading regions in Europe in terms of inbound tourism tend to be smaller areas with strong seaside or mountain destination appeal and marked natural, historical or cultural vocations, but also specific industrial structures and managerial strategies able to qualify the tourism offer in terms of services, infrastructure, and entrepreneurial capacity. It is possible to assess the relation between the performance of this sector and local development creating a map of tourism demand in European regions.
Sustainability in the Tourism Business
Authors: Battaglia Massimo
Published: February 2020

Sustainable tourism is a multi-stakeholder issue, whose aim is to stimulate the balanced exploitation of natural resources at the local level and to limit the social and environmental impacts. The businesses operating in the tourism sector mainly consist of SMEs. Their impact, although less significant if considered individually, are significant at the local level, particularly considering the cumulative effects produced by tourism businesses in a specific area and the role such businesses can play in influencing the behavior of tourists/guests. Focusing on the positive impacts and limiting the negative effects at social and environmental levels, represent the key to sustainable tourism for businesses.
Tourism Products Distribution and Large-Scale Retailers
Authors: Riboldazzi Sabina
Published: February 2020

In recent years, tourism retailing has undergone profound changes due, in part, to the emergence of new actors seeking to collaborate with traditional tourism operators while trying to one-up each other’s roles and functions. This article aims to analyze the assortment extension of tourism offerings by those large-scale retailers that during the past two decades have succeeded in strengthening their competitive position among tourism supply chain operators. Specifically, this study highlights some of the most important features currently characterizing the distribution phase of the tourism supply chain while focusing on the main forms of tourism products retailing adopted by large-scale grocery retailers.
Ouverture de ‘Integrated CSR Management’
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. , Bosetti Luisa
Published: February 2020

Globalisation has drastically changed the competitive dynamics worldwide. Companies have continuously expanded their size, also through merger agreements. However, companies should maintain a positive interaction with all their stakeholders, which is favoured by the integration of financial, social and environmental concerns in business strategies and operations. Transparency on corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays a key role in a company’s long-term success.
Planned Obsolescence, Total Quality, Zero Defects and Global Competition
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M.
Published: February 2020

A global firm's success is conditioned by its ability to manage the system of intangible corporate assets (corporate culture, corporate identity, and information system) and intangible product assets (product design, brand equity and pre/after-sales services). Corporate imitation and innovation processes are a primary condition to compete in global markets and entail identifying and proposing design management products with 'new' features that change over time and space. Product design defines the functions that qualify a product or service to identify and organise the distinctive specifications of the firm’s offer, and develop goods and services based on the analysis of competition and demand needs (customer satisfaction). Competitive design management can be oriented towards different forms of flexible production (The Fourth Industrial Revolution), specifically related to products based on planned obsolescence, total quality, or a rigid competitive philosophy of zero defects.
Virtual Cultural Experiences: the Drivers of Satisfaction
Authors: Bellini Nicola , Bergamasco Massimo , Brehonnet Rémi , Carrozzino Marcello , Lagier Joëlle
Published: February 2020

This article presents the results of an interdisciplinary research work on the emergence and impact of virtual technologies on the valorization of cultural experience. After reviewing the literature on immersive museography and the concepts of immersion, interaction and social interaction within a cultural experience, we focus our analysis on the drivers of the users’ satisfaction through a three-step research path. Firstly, we realized a preliminary qualitative overview of users’ reactions to virtual environments in a series of selected cultural experiences. Secondly, we designed a model focusing on immersion and social interaction as the two potentially critical drivers of satisfaction. Thirdly, we realized a quantitative study of a project concerning an intangible cultural asset. The results of this study give evidence to the link between immersion and emotion and emphasize the essential mediating role of social interaction. These conclusions are consistent with present technological and market trends, concerning the integration of virtual reality and social networks.
Impacto da internacionalização na visibilidade da produção científica do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: BIOQUÍMICA/UFRGS (2007-2016)
Authors: Gheno Ediane Maria , Vanz Samile Andréa de Souza , Martins Leo Anderson Meira , Duarte Lucimara Figueira , Souza Diogo Onofre , Calabró Luciana
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da colaboração internacional na visibilidade da produção científica indexada na Web of Science do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, de 2007 a 2016.Método: A partir de técnicas bibliométricas (produção, coautoria e visibilidade), avaliaram-se duas questões centrais na política de internacionalização do Sistema de Avaliação da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES): 1) o conjunto de docentes atende aos atributos qualitativos de internacionalização quanto à publicação com pesquisadores estrangeiros? 2) as publicações com coautoria internacional estão relacionadas com os estratos mais elevados do Qualis Periódicos?Resultado: O aumento da rede de cooperação com diversos países demostra que foi atingida a dimensão internacional da produção científica dos docentes do Programa, seguindo a atual tendência da ciência brasileira. Em 20,8% da produção com coautoria internacional, foram identificadas assimetrias internas: a maioria dos docentes apresentou de uma a cinco ou nenhuma publicação com cooperação de pesquisadores estrangeiros, enquanto que poucos docentes produziram mais de seis publicações individuais. A política de internacionalização é uma estratégia eficaz de difusão científica: as publicações em periódicos classificados nos estratos mais elevados do Qualis têm coautoria internacional.Conclusões: Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de estratégias institucionais e governamentais para minimizar as assimetrias existentes de produção científica entre os docentes com o fomento e estímulo à internacionalização
Marcas de procedência: contribuições para o estudo do livro raro
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigues Marcia , Esperon Vian Alissa , Diniz Teixeira Heytor
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados parciais da pesquisa intitulada “Contexto, situação e perspectivas dos acervos bibliográficos raros pertencentes às universidades gaúchas”, que teve início no ano de 2017, especialmente no que se refere às marcas de procedência.Método: De abordagem quanti-qualitativa, a presente pesquisa fez uso de revisão bibliográfica para a construção do aporte teórico. A partir de levantamento realizado na Internet, identificou-se 19 universidades no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul; destas, 12 possuem acervo raro e constituíram a amostra do estudo. Um questionário contendo 16 questões semifechadas foi enviado às referidas universidades. Para este trabalho, foram selecionadas três questões cujo teor tem relação com o tema “marcas de procedência”.Resultado: Os resultados evidenciam a existência de acervos de obras raras heterogêneos, cuja formação se deu, predominantemente, por doação e negociação direta com o proprietário e/ou familiares do mesmo. Em relação aos aspectos bibliológicos e culturais das obras, observa-se que os apontados com maior frequência pelos respondentes foram “Obras que pertenceram a uma personalidade de destaque” e “Obras contendo dedicatórias ou autógrafos”.Conclusões: Diante das diferentes e possíveis circunstâncias apresentadas, ressalta-se a importância dos estudos sobre a procedência das obras, tanto para o conhecimento de sua história, quanto para a valorização e o fortalecimento da imagem das bibliotecas e das instituições, bem como para a disseminação desses acervos.
Kenya
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Published: February 2020

This report updates the Fiscal Transparency Evaluation (FTE) of Kenya that was prepared in 2014 and published in 2016. The report is the first full update to be carried out in any country, a recent update of the Russian FTE having a more selective focus. Kenya has experienced a lot of structural and economic changes since 2014. At that time, the 2010 Constitution and the associated Public Financial Management (PFM) Act of 2012 were relatively new, and a radical reform of local government was in the process of transition. The Constitution and the PFM Act placed a strong emphasis on economic and fiscal transparency and accountability, for example, through the establishment of the National Treasury (NT), fiscal responsibility principles, the Parliamentary Budget Office, and enhanced powers of the Auditor General. The present report, like the 2014 assessment, focuses on the first three pillars of the Code. The authorities did not request the Fund to make an evaluation of Pillar IV (Resource Revenue Management) since the development of the oil sector in Kenya is at an early stage, with the volume of reserves uncertain and first oil not expected before 2022 at the earliest.
Peru
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: February 2020

Peru’s economic performance continues to be strong, but external and
domestic headwinds, including the fallout from Lava Jato corruption investigations,
have reduced growth momentum and raised concerns about long-term growth
prospects. Policy responses have been appropriate, but further reforms have been
delayed by a political stalemate between the executive and legislative powers. After
President Vizcarra dissolved Congress in September 2019, new parliamentary elections
will be held in January 2020.
Prevalence of periodontitis in high school children in Saudi Arabia: a national study
Authors: AlGhamdi Ali , Almarghlani Ammar , Alyafi Rusha , Ibraheem Wael , Assaggaf Mohammad , Howait Mohammed , Alsofi Loai , Banjar Arwa , Al-Zahrani Mohammad , Kayal Rayyan
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:

The occurrence of periodontitis is rather infrequent in children and adolescence and increases with age. We conducted this study because there have been few epidemiological studies on prevalence of periodontitis in children in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE:

Determine the prevalence of periodontitis in high school children in Saudi Arabia.

DESIGN:

Cross-sectional, using cluster and multistage sampling.

SETTING:

High school children in Saudi Arabia.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:

Periodontal examinations were conducted on a randomized sample of high school children between the ages 15 to 19 in Saudi Arabia. The study spanned from September 2012 to January 2016. Clinical examinations included measurements of the probing depth (PD) percentage of PD ≥4 mm per patient.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

The prevalence of periodontitis (PD ≥4 mm and CAL ≥1 mm), the mean percentage PD ≥4 mm, the mean percentage CAL ≥1 mm, plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI).

SAMPLE SIZE:

2435 high school students.

RESULTS:

Of 2435 high school children in the sample, 209 students (8.6%) had periodontitis. The mean (standard deviation) for the PD was 0.59 (0.17) mm. Differences in percentage PD ≥4 mm and CAL ≥1 mm were greater in students with periodontitis (P<.001). The prevalence of periodontitis was higher among non-Saudis, students who did not brush their teeth and did not visit their dentist regularly. In the bivariate analysis, periodontitis was positively associated with GI, PI, number of teeth extracted, mean percentage PD ≥4 mm, and mean PD. However, in the multivariate analysis, tooth brushing was the main factor protective against periodontitis (odds ratio: 0.62, 95% CI 0.42-0.92,P=.017).

CONCLUSION:

Periodontitis prevalence was high compared with Western countries in a nationally representative sample of high school students in Saudi Arabia.

LIMITATIONS:

Partial mouth study design, which may underestimate the disease prevalence.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Determination of relationships between placental characteristics and birth weight in Morkaraman sheep
Authors: Özyürek Selçuk , Türkyilmaz Doğan
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The aim at this study was to determine the relationships among the
lamb birth weight, the average cotyledon surface area (ACSA) and cotyledon size.
Data were collected from 101 ewes. The general linear model and Pearson
correlation coefficient were used for statistical comparison and
determination of relationships between variables. Average birth weight (BW),
placental weight (PW), cotyledon number (CN), placental efficiency (PE),
cotyledon density (CD), cotyledon efficiency (CE) and ACSA were
4.175±.09, 448.8±13.4, 53.34±1.9, 9.65±.3,
0.125±.00, 10.66±.34 and 7.81±.19 cm2, respectively. There
was no difference between BW and PE for parity; however, PW, CN, CD, CE and
ACSA were affected (p<0.05) by parity. ACSA was found to be the
lowest (7.33±.99) with a parity of 2 and the highest (8.61±1.5)
with a parity of 4. Birth type affected significantly BW, CN, CD (p<0.05), PW (p<0.001) and ACSA (p<0.01). As the parity
progressed, cotyledon depth (CDe) (0.74±.30) and cotyledon width
(CWi) (2.64±.46) increased. ACSA, which is a new parameter for uterine
capacity, had positive correlations with BW (0.498; p<0.01), PW
(0.415; p<0.01), large cotyledon number (CNl) (0.685; p<0.01), cotyledon length (CL) (0.932; p<0.01), CWi (0.920; p<0.01) and
cotyledon depth (0.388; p<0.01). The most important finding of this
study was the positive correlation between the birth weight and the average
cotyledon surface area. This study indicates that average cotyledon surface
area and cotyledon size traits (CL and CWi) may be more effective parameters
to produce heavier lambs. In conclusion, it is thought that lamb deaths will
decrease as a result of triggering placental development with proper feeding
during pregnancy. For this purpose, it is recommended to conduct new studies
examining the relationship between pregnancy feeding and ACSA.
Highlights.
Cotyledon number and cotyledon density decrease with parity, while CE
increases. The birth type has a significant effect on BW, PW, CN and CD. There are positive correlations between the placental weight and large
cotyledon number, cotyledon length and cotyledon width. ACSA can be used as an important parameter to increase the weight of lambs. Especially in multiple birthing, ACSA has been found to be a more
determinant index to express uterine capacity instead of PE or CE.