bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Pelvic Floor Ultrasonography Evaluation in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tas Inci Sema , Yasa Cenk , Ugurlucan Funda Gungor , Yildirim Alkan
Published: September 2022

Background: Pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFDs) are commonly encountered in pregnancy, which may include urinary and fecal incontinence, pelvic pain, sexual dysfunction and pelvic organ prolapse. Identifying these problems and their risk factors in pregnancy is crucial for prevention and management. The primary outcome of this study is to investigate the relationship between the PFD symptoms in pregnant women and perineal ultrasonography measurements. Secondary outcomes are to figure out the risk factors for PFDs in pregnancy and also to identify the relationship between these risk factors with transperineal ultrasonography measurements and pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS). Methods: 49 pregnant women recruited in the study, were asked to fill questionnaires, underwent transperineal ultrasonography and pelvic floor muscle strength examination. Results: The hiatal area at rest, pelvic contraction and Valsalva are positively correlated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) (p = 0.018, p = 0.003 and p = 0.006 respectively), pelvic organ prolapse (POP) (p = 0.015, p = 0.022 and p = 0.011 respectively) and sexual dysfunction (SD) (p = 0.033, p = 0.041 and p = 0.023 respectively). Hiatal area at Valsalva and detrusor muscle thickness are positively correlated with urge urinary incontinence (UUI) (p = 0.021 and p = 0.012). The hiatal area value at pelvic contraction and Valsalva are positively correlated with feacal/flatal incontinence (FFI) (p = 0.024 and p = 0.037). Hiatal areas at rest, pelvic contraction, Valsalva and detrussor muscle thickness are correleated with age (r = 0.287, r = 0.335, r = 0.315 and r = 0.421 respectively), body mass index (r = 0.380, r = 0.420, r = 0.415 and r = 0.447 respectively) and pelvic floor muscle strength (r = –0.539, r = –0.583, r = –0.550 and r = –0.545 respectively). Bladder neck descent is correlated with body mass index (r = 0.284). Conclusions: Transperineal ultrasound measurements of Detrusor muscle thickness, hiatal area (HA) at rest, pelvic contraction and Valsalva Manoeuvre are found to be associated with PFDs in pregnant women. Risk factors for PFDs in pregnancy are body mass index, age, gestational week, parity, birth weight and delivery method.
The Role of Epigenetic Regulator SIRT1 in Balancing the Homeostasis and Preventing the Formation of Specific “Soil” of Metabolic Disorders and Related Cancers
Authors: Nemeth Zsuzsanna , Kiss Eva , Takacs Istvan
Published: September 2022

SIRT1 was discovered in 1979 but growing interest in this protein occurred only 20 years later when its overexpression was reported to prolong the lifespan of yeast. Since then, several studies have shown the benefits of its increased expression in preventing or delaying of many diseases. SIRT1, as a histone deacetylase, is an epigenetic regulator but it has wide range of non-histone targets which are involved in metabolism, energy sensing pathways, circadian machinery and in inflammatory regulation. Disturbances in these interconnected processes cause different diseases, however it seems they have common roots in unbalanced inflammatory processes and lower level or inactivation of SIRT1. SIRT1 inactivation was implicated in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) severity as well and its low level counted as a predictor of uncontrolled COVID-19. Several other diseases such as metabolic disease, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease or depression are related to chronic inflammation and similarly show decreased SIRT1 level. It has recently been known that SIRT1 is inducible by calorie restriction/proper diet, physical activity and appropriate emotional state. Indeed, a healthier metabolic state belongs to higher level of SIRT1 expression. These suggest that appropriate lifestyle as non-pharmacological treatment may be a beneficial tool in the prevention of inflammation or metabolic disturbance-related diseases as well as could be a part of the complementary therapy in medical practice to reach better therapeutic response and quality of life. We aimed in this review to link the beneficial effect of SIRT1 with those diseases, where its level decreased. Moreover, we aimed to collect evidences of interventions or treatments, which increase SIRT1 expression and thus, open the possibility to use them as preventive or complementary therapies in medical practice.
The Orthodox Church : Ecclesiastical Battle Of Montenegrins With The Serbian Orthodox Church
Authors: Tulun Teoman Ertuğrul
Published: September 2022

Between 1879 and 1920, the Serbian Orthodox community was governed by at least six ecclesiastical jurisdictions (Carlowitz, Montenegro, Dalmatia and Cattaro, Belgrade, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Southern Serbia, the latter two dependent on Patriarchate in İstanbul). Serbia participated in the First World War on the side of the victors, which prepared the ground for the advent of the Yugoslav Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. The need for ecclesiastical integration led to another appeal in 1919 to Patriarchate in İstanbul, whereby consent was requested to integrate the six jurisdictions into one united patriarchate of all Serbs. This summary of the period until the foundation of modern Montenegro also briefly reflects the history of the Montenegrin Orthodox Church (MOC). Montenegro was an independent state until the end of the First World War, and Orthodoxy was a state religion. The historical development of the Orthodox Church in the Balkans, its strong role in the internal/international politics of the countries and formation of the national identity, and its dominance in the state structures are unique examples of explaining the concept of theopolitics. Parallel to the formation of national identity, the fact that religious identity dominates and directs the rulers and leaders of the state comes to light as one of the main features of orthodoxy.
Acculturation
Authors: Cranier Louis
Published: September 2022

Acculturation is a process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems from the balancing of two cultures while adapting to the prevailing culture of the society. Acculturation is a process in which an individual adopts, acquires and adjusts to a new cultural environment as a result of being placed into a new culture, or when another culture is brought to you. Individuals of a differing culture try to incorporate themselves into the new more prevalent culture by participating in aspects of the more prevalent culture, such as their traditions, but still hold onto their original cultural values and traditions. The effects of acculturation can be seen at multiple levels in both the devotee of the prevailing culture and those who are assimilating into the culture.
Why tic severity changes from then to now and from here to there
Authors: Iverson Ann , Black Kevin J.
Published: September 2022

Much of the research regarding Tourette’s syndrome (TS) has focused on why certain individuals develop tics while others do not. However, a separate line of research focuses on the momentary influences that cause tics to increase or decrease in patients with a who are already known to have TS or another chronic tic disorder (CTD). Environmental and internal variables such as fatigue, anxiety, and certain types of thoughts all have been shown to worsen tic severity and may even overcome positive effects of treatment. Other influences such as stress, distraction, and being observed have had mixed effects in the various studies that have examined them. Still other variables such as social media exposure and dietary habits have had only minimal research attention, and would benefit from additional study. In understanding the impact of these environmental and internal influences, there is opportunity to improve behavioral treatments for TS/CTD and improve the lives of those living with these conditions. This review will examine the current literature on how these moment-to-moment influences impact tic expression in those with TS/CTD.
Taste It! 7-Day Exposure to a Protein-Enriched Milk Drink Increases Its Smell, Taste, and Flavor Familiarity and Facilitates Acquisition of Taste Familiarity of a Novel Protein Drink
Authors: Schicker Doris , Rramani Qëndresa , Lim Shirley , Saruco Elodie , Pleger Burkhard , Weber Brend , Schultz Johannes , Freiherr Jessica , Ohla Kathrin
Published: September 2022

Novel and reformulated food, in particular protein-enhanced drinks, provide an important strategy to promote healthy eating. Despite their availability, protein-enriched foods are not widely accepted, likely owing to their unexpected “taste”. Those expectations change with experience and exposure may improve product acceptance. However, the sensory drivers of this phenomenon are unknown. In this randomised, controlled, multi-center trial with pre and post intervention measurements, 100 healthy adult participants consumed either a novel protein-enriched milk drink (PD) or a conventional milk drink (CD) for seven days. Participants evaluated familiarity and hedonic value of the taste, smell, and flavor of different milk drinks including the intervention drinks in the laboratory before and after a seven day exposure. A novel protein-enhanced drink was evaluated after intervention only. Exposure to PD increased familiarity of its smell, taste, and especially flavor. The perception of the other non-exposed drinks was unchanged. PD exposure also led to increased taste familiarity of a novel protein drink suggesting that the “acquired taste” transfers to other protein drinks. While PD hedonic ratings were unaffected by exposure, increased familiarity was positively associated with hedonic ratings for all three sensory modalities smell, taste, and flavor. No changes in the perception of any drink were observed in the group consuming the CD. The transfer of the acquired taste familiarity to a novel drink after 7-days of exposure to an unfamiliar protein-enriched drink indicates that exposure may increase acceptance of similar drinks.
Reduce by how much? Calibrating meat reduction appeals to maximize their effectiveness
Authors: Cameron Sophie , Wilks Matti , Jaeger Bastian
Published: September 2022

Meat-rich diets have a negative impact on animal welfare, consumer health, and the environment. In recent years, research has begun to explore which approaches are most effective at reducing consumption. A question that has been the subject of extensive debate is whether appeals are more effective when they ask people to reduce vs. eliminate meat from their diets. On the one hand, the negative externalities resulting from meat consumption are reduced more if a person fully abstains from eating meat. On the other hand, stronger requests likely lead to lower compliance rates. Thus, to identify which appeal leads to the overall greatest reduction in meat consumption, one has to balance (a) how many individuals comply with the request and (b) by how much individuals reduce their consumption if they comply. In two studies, with participants from the US, UK, Australia, and the Netherlands (N = 705), we explored participants’ reported meat consumption and willingness to comply with different week-long meat reduction appeals (10-100%) to identify which would lead to the greatest overall reduction in intended meat consumption. As expected, stronger requests lead to lower compliance rates. Mid-range requests (40-70%) were more effective than small requests (10%) or elimination requests (100%). Although we find some differences across countries, mid-range requests were most effective in each sample. Our findings provide first insights into how to calibrate appeals to achieve the greatest reduction in overall meat consumption.
Memory Reconsolidation: Making Predictions Better
Authors: Nadel Lynn , Sederberg Per Benjamin
Published: September 2022

Memory reconsolidation refers to the phenomenon whereby a previously consolidated memory, i.e., one that is resistant to interference or disruption, becomes labile due to reactivation, initiating a short window during which that memory can be modified. With a wide range of potential clinical and educational applications, reconsolidation has been demonstrated across multiple domains and timescales, including fear, motor, and episodic memory. This chapter seeks to clarify the psychological processes involved in reconsolidation, making connections to underlying physiological mechanisms, with the goal of providing a framework for understanding why and when reconsolidation takes place. Drawing on reviews of both human and relevant animal studies, this chapter highlights the importance of both context and predictions for determining whether new experiences give rise to new learning or the updating of previously-learned associations.
COVID-19: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among the Scholarly Cohorts of Nepal
Authors: Sharma Mohan Kumar , Khanal Shanti Prasad , Acharya Jib , Adhikari Ramesh , Budhathoki Chitra Bahadur
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered microorganism called corona virus, a pandemic. Knowledge, attitudes and practices are prime components that play a crucial role in spreading the disease. These elements would support focusing on the people with underlying medical problems, and old-aged people, including children, are more likely to be susceptible. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices amongst the students, teachers, and health workers, including staff members of the NGOs/INGOs. This cross-sectional study was done, including 224 respondents. A self-administered-structured questionnaire comprised of nineteen structured questions exploring the pandemic’s knowledge, attitudes and practices was done. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25.0. Of the total, 67.4% were males, and 32.6% were females. Nearly 50% of the respondents were with M-Phil/PhD degrees, while 4.9% had a secondary level. The study revealed that 28.0% of the participants knew about the pandemic, 41.0% had positive attitudes, and 54.0% experienced good practices. The knowledge level on the pandemic was statistically significant where attitudes and practices were poor. This study suggests that public health approaches such as awareness, masseducation campaigns, etc., are urgently required to control the outbreaks strongly associated with the community’s knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours.
Licensing Challenges Associated With Text and Data Mining: How Do We Get Our Patrons What They Need?
Authors: McCracken Peter , Raub Emma
Published: September 2022

Today’s researchers expect to be able to complete text and data mining (TDM) work on many types of textual data. But they are often blocked more by contractual limitations on what data they can use, and how they can use it, than they are by what data may be available to them. This article lays out the different types of TDM processes currently in use, the issues that may block researchers from being able to do the work they would like, and some possible solutions.
Classification of Damaged Road Images Using the Convolutional Neural Network Method
Authors: Riyandi Arif , Widodo Tony , Uyun Shofwatul
Published: September 2022

Objective: Automatic identification is carried out with the help of a tool that can take an image of road conditions and automatically distinguish the types of road damage, the location of road damage in the image and calculate the level of road damage according to the type of road damage.Design/method/approach: Identification of damaged roads usually uses manual RCI system which requires high cost. In this study, a comparison framework is proposed to determine the performance of the image pre-processing model on the image classification algorithm.Results: Based on 733 image data classified using the CNN method from 4 models of pre-processing stages, it can be concluded that training from grayscale images produces the best level of accuracy with a training accuracy value of 88% and validation accuracy reaching 99%.Authenticity/state of the art: Testing of 4 pre-processing models against the classification algorithm used as a comparison resulted in the best algorithm/method for managing road images.
Knowledge Management In Instiki E-Learning To Increase Student Learning Satisfaction
Authors: Kusuma Aniek Suryanti , Agustini Ketut , Sudatha I Gde Wawan , Warpala I Wayan Sukra
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The use of the concept of knowledge management can manage the knowledge of the teacher or lecturer and then it can be conveyed to the studentsDesign/methodology/approach: Knowledge Management SystemFindings/result: The application of the Knowledge Management System at the INSTIKI LMS was able to increase student learning satisfaction. The results of the questionnaire assessment show that student learning satisfaction increases after implementing INSTIKI e-learning, the average value of studentOriginality/value/state of the art: Implementation of Knowledge Management System on INSTIKI campus
Detection of Student Drowsiness Using Ensemble Regression Trees in Online Learning During a COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Udayana I Putu Agus Eka Darma , Kherismawati Ni Putu Eka , Sudipa I Gede Iwan
Published: September 2022

Online lectures are mandatory to deal with the implementation of education during the COVID-19 pandemic. This significant change certainly creates a different experience for students. Regarding online learning, several public health experts and ophthalmologists say that residual radiation from electronic screens is causing an epidemic of eye fatigue. Research on smart classrooms actually appeared several years ago, but in reality it has not been implemented according to the planned concept. The current smart classroom research environment only uses outdated methods, which make the computer system incongruent (such as decision trees in video feeds) or only to the level of empirical studies or blueprints, which are not much help for other academic footing or reference materials. to students. This study aims to build an intelligent system that can evaluate students' attention during online classes, use teaching videos as learning feeds and input for predictions and also use advanced algorithms in several computational domains, namely face segmentation, landmarking, PERCLOS observations, Yawning and decision analysis using Ensemble Regression Trees to detect students' sleepiness, which is expected to patch up the shortcomings of the PERCLOS algorithm and the problems found in the single regression tree-based implementation. Based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, the system developed has been able to observe sleepy objects in learning videos with an accuracy of 80% so that later it can be a lesson for teachers why there are students who are sleepy during online classes either because of uninteresting material or other reasons.
Implementation Of Mobile-Based OOAD Interactive Learning Media
Authors: Putra I Nyoman Tri Anindia , Kartini Ketut Sepdyana , Winatha Komang Redy
Published: September 2022

The lack of interest in student learning is due to the learning media used are less attractive and effective to understand the material. This study aims to implement mobile-based interactive learning media regarding OOAD material. The media feasibility test uses a blackbox testing scenario and the analysis uses the Gutman scale technique. From the test results, it was found that the percentage of blackbox testing was 100% and the functional requirements test by the resource persons obtained a percentage of 100%. Based on the results of these studies, it can be explained that this learning media is very good and has been feasible to be implemented.
Analysis of Sentiments and Emotions about Sinovac Vaccine Using Naive Bayes
Authors: Akbar Bagus Muhammad , Akbar Ahmad Taufiq , Husaini Rochmat
Published: September 2022

Tujuan:Banyak negara di dunia telah berusaha mengendalikan dampak pandemi COVID-19 melalui penggunaan vaksin. vaksin sinovac merupakan salah satu vaksin populer yang telah digunakan di beberapa negara termasuk Indonesia. Sejak hadirnya vaksin sinovac, persepsi masyarakat baik di lapangan maupun di media sosial semakin muncul antara setuju dan tidak setuju dengan vaksin tersebut. Persepsi masyarakat dunia di media sosial dapat dianalisis untuk mengetahui kategori sentimen dan tingkat emosional masyarakat terhadap penerimaan vaksin Sinovac.Perancangan/metode/pendekatan:Analisis dapat dilakukan melalui data mining yang menggunakan algoritma Naive Bayes untuk menghitung probabilitas dan statistik sehingga setiap opini dapat diklasifikasikan dalam kategori sentimen positif, negatif, atau netral. Dalam penelitian ini, sumber analisis data adalah persepsi publik yang mengandung kata kunci “sinovac” dari twitter. Pengujian menggunakan sentimen, sentimen, dan library syuzhet menunjukkan bahwa sentimen positif lebih tinggi daripada negatif dan netral. Sentimen negatif paling dipengaruhi oleh tingkat emosional kesedihan dan kemarahan. Sedangkan sentimen positif sangat dipengaruhi oleh kategori senang dan emosi campur aduk. Kategori emosi campuran lebih sesuai dengan sentimen positif.Hasil:Klasifikasi emosi terhadap data tweet dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kategori emosi kegembiraan, dan campuran memiliki persentase tertinggi yang mengandung polaritas sentimen positif. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, kata kunci sinovac cenderung memunculkan sentimen positif. Polaritas mempengaruhi emosi, namun tidak sebaliknya. Karena terlihat bahwa nilai akurasi pada klasifikasi polaritas (dengan kedua library) telah meningkat ketika fitur emosi tidak diikutkan. Sedangkan nilai akurasi pada klasifikasi emosi justru meningkat ketika fitur polaritas diikutkan.Keaslian/ state of the art:Metode Naive Bayes (library setiment) dan metode Valence Shifter (library sentimentr) yang digunakan dalam analisis sentimen pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sentimen positif lebih tinggi daripada netral dan negatif. Hasil persentase sentimen positif oleh metode Valence Shifter lebih rendah daripada metode Naive Bayes. Pada metode Valence Shifter cenderung menghasilkan agregat yang lebih kecil antara hasil persentase sentimen positif dibanding netral dan negatif.
Objection or Obstacle: Applying Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach to the Conscientious Refusal of Emergency Contraception
Authors: Moore Claire M.
Published: September 2022

The conscientious refusal to dispense emergency contraception (EC) is legally protected in fourteen states. While the ethical dimensions of these objections have been explored within moral and feminist philosophy, conscientious refusal to the over-the-counter sale of EC has not been significantly studied through an egalitarian lens, especially with attention to the existing reproductive healthcare landscape in which these refusals occur. This article argues, through Amartya Sen’s capability approach, that conscientious refusal to EC creates a burdensome inequality for people wishing to prevent pregnancy that manifests within a background of historical injustices, elevating its importance in our weighing of capabilities.
Cranioplasty in the deployed environment: experience for host-country nationals
Authors: Porensky Paul N. , Maloney Patrick R. , Kim Jeeho D. , Dye Justin A. , Liacouras Peter C.
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is the definitive neurosurgical treatment for managing refractory malignant cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension due to combat-related severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). To date, the long-term outcomes and sequelae of this procedure on host-country national (HCN) populations during Operation Iraqi Freedom (Iraq, 2003–2011), Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan, 2001–2014), and Operation Freedom’s Sentinel (Afghanistan, 2015–2021) have not been described, specifically the process and results of delayed custom synthetic cranioplasty. The Joint Trauma System’s Clinical Practice Guidelines (JTS-CPG) for severe head injury counsels surgeons to discard the cranial osseous explant when treating coalition service members. Ongoing political and healthcare system instabilities often preclude opportunities for delayed cranioplasty by host-country assets. Various surgical options (such as hinge craniectomy) are inadequate in the setting of complicated cranial comminution from blast or missile injuries, severe cerebral edema, grossly contaminated wounds, complex polytrauma, and tissue devitalization. Delayed cranioplasty with a custom synthetic implant is a viable but logistically challenging alternative. In this retrospective review, the authors present the first patient series describing delayed custom synthetic cranioplasty in an HCN population performed during active military conflict.

METHODS

Patients were identified through the Joint Trauma System/Theater Medical Data Store, and subgroup analyses were performed to include mechanisms of injury, surgical complications, and clinical outcomes.

RESULTS

Twenty-five patients underwent DC between 2012 and 2020 to treat penetrating, blast, and high-energy closed head injuries per JTS-CPG criteria. The average time from injury to surgery was 1.4 days, although 6 patients received delayed care (3–6 days) due to protracted evacuation from local hospitals. Delayed care correlated with an increased rate of intracranial abscess and empyema. The average time to cranioplasty was 134 days due to a lack of robust mechanisms for patient follow-up, tracking, and access to NATO hospitals. HCN patients who recovered from DC demonstrated overall benefit from custom synthetic cranioplasty, although formal statistical analysis was impeded by a lack of long-term follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

This review demonstrates that cranioplasty with a custom synthetic implant is a safe and feasible treatment for vulnerable HCN patients who survive their index DC surgery. This unique paradigm of care highlights the capabilities of deployed neurosurgical healthcare teams working in partnership with the prosthetics laboratory at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.
Impact of a cell cycle and an extracellular matrix remodeling transcriptional signature on tumor progression and correlation with EZH2 expression in meningioma
Authors: Pereira Benedito Jamilson Araújo , Marcondes Lerario Antonio , Sola Paula Rodrigues , Laurentino Talita de Sousa , Mohan Dipika R. , de Almeida Antonio Nogueira , Pires de Aguiar Paulo Henrique , da Silva Paiva Wellingson , Wakamatsu Alda , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Oba-Shinjo Sueli Mieko , Marie Suely Kazue Nagahashi
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

The authors searched for genetic and transcriptional signatures associated with tumor progression and recurrence in their cohort of patients with meningiomas, combining the analysis of targeted exome, NF2-LOH, transcriptome, and protein expressions.

METHODS

The authors included 91 patients who underwent resection of intracranial meningioma at their institution between June 2000 and November 2007. The search of somatic mutations was performed by Next Generation Sequencing through a customized panel and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for NF2 loss of heterozygosity. The transcriptomic profile was analyzed by QuantSeq 3′ mRNA-Seq. The differentially expressed genes of interest were validated at the protein level analysis by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

The transcriptomic analysis identified an upregulated set of genes related to metabolism and cell cycle and downregulated genes related to immune response and extracellular matrix remodeling in grade 2 (atypical) meningiomas, with a significant difference in recurrent compared with nonrecurrent cases. EZH2 nuclear positivity associated with grade 2, particularly with recurrent tumors and EZH2 gene expression level, correlated positively with the expression of genes related to cell cycle and negatively to genes related to immune response and regulation of cell motility.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors identified modules of dysregulated genes in grade 2 meningiomas related to the activation of oxidative metabolism, cell division, cell motility due to extracellular remodeling, and immune evasion that were predictive of survival and exhibited significant correlations with EZH2 expression.
Neurotrauma: a burgeoning, yet understudied disease of rural areas in developing countries
Authors: Oyemolade Toyin A. , Adeleye Amos O. , Ehinola Busayo A. , Olusola Ayodele J. , Ekanem Inwonoabasi N. , Adesola Damilola J.
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

There is a paucity of data-driven reports on neurotrauma from the rural areas of developing countries, despite a disproportionally higher and burgeoning disease burden from those areas. This study aims to define the burden of neurotrauma in a new rural neurosurgical practice of a developing sub-Saharan country in Africa (Nigeria).

METHODS

The authors conducted a prospective observational study of all neurotrauma patients managed at their center over a 36-month period beginning in August 2018.

RESULTS

There were 1067 patients, 816 (76.5%) of them male, accounting for 79% of all the neurosurgical patients seen at the authors’ center during the study period. The peak incidence of neurotrauma was in the 20- to 29-year age group. The median trauma duration was 9 hours before presentation. The neurotrauma involved only head injury (HI) in 78% of the patients and only the spine in 4%. HIs were predominantly mild in severity (79%). Spinal cord injuries were largely incomplete (86%) and cervical in location (72%). Road traffic accidents caused approximately 79% (845/1067) of this neurotrauma burden, mostly from motorcycle crashes (69%, 581/845). Fifty-three patients (5%) were managed surgically. The median time from trauma to surgery for the operated patients was 82 hours. Treatment outcome was good in 81.2% of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Neurotrauma, mostly caused by motorcycle crashes and other road accidents, accounts for the bulk of the neurosurgical workload in this rural neurosurgical center. Although late presentation and delayed surgical interventions were prominent features of this level of care, the in-hospital outcome was fortuitously good in the majority of patients.
Role of Conservative Management in Stump Appendicitis: A Case Series
Authors: Paudyal Nabin , Saeed Fathmath Asra , Shrestha Bijaya
Published: September 2022

Stump appendicitis is a rare, delayed complication of appendectomy. It is seen following both open and laparoscopic appendectomy and may occur weeks to years following the initial appendectomy. We report two cases of stump appendicitis seen at our hospital. Both cases were diagnosed based on radiological findings and successfully managed conservatively with antibiotics. Although the usually recommended treatment for stump appendicitis is completion appendectomy, conservative management may be suitable for some patients. This report highlights the possibility of utilizing a conservative approach in the management of stump appendicitis compared to the recommended operative intervention. Awareness of the possibility of stump appendicitis is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment, to prevent potentially catastrophic complications.
Admitted Dengue Cases among the Adult Dengue Positive Cases in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dhungana Durga , Banstola Bidhya , Banjara Mahesh
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Dengue is an infectious disease. This disease is prevalent mainly in the terai belts of Nepal. But in the last few years, the cases are in increasing trend in the hilly areas of Nepal. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of admitted dengue cases among adult dengue-positive cases in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done at a tertiary teaching hospital after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 063/2077/2078). Convenience sampling was used. The data of serologically confirmed dengue cases, during the period of 1 August 2019 to 1 December 2019, of ages above 15 years, were collected from the hospital records. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Out of 922 adult dengue-positive patients, 347 (37.63%) (36.04-39.22, 95% Confidence Interval) were admitted. Among them, 154 (44.38%) cases were seen during the month of September. A total of 264 (76.08%) were the inhabitants of the Kaski district. A total of one hundred seventy eight (51.29%) cases were males. The most common symptoms seen were fever among 335 (96.54%) patients and headache among 141 (40.63%) patients. Leukopenia was seen in 192 (55.33%) patients and thrombocytopenia was seen in 165 (47.55%) of the admitted cases.
Conclusions: The prevalence of admitted dengue cases was higher as compared to other studies done in similar settings.
Left Accessory Mental Foramen in Dry Mandibles in Department of Anatomy in a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tiwari Nripendra
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The presence of accessory mental foramen is one of the anatomical variations in the mandible. The occurrence of accessory mental foramen can differ in terms of number, shape, and size or there can even be an absence of it. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of left accessory mental foramen in dry mandibles in the Department of Anatomy of a medical college.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical college among dry mandibles from 10 January 2021 to 10 June 2021. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 207202005). Intact dry mandibles were studied for the prevalence of left accessory mental foramen. A convenience sampling technique was used. Point estimate and 90% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 47 dry mandibles, the prevalence of left accessory mental foramen was found to be 4 (8.51%) (1.81-15.21, 90% Confidence Interval). The mean diameter of the left accessory foramen was found to be 1.02±0.03 mm.
Conclusions: The prevalence of left accessory mental foramen in mandibles was similar to the studies done in similar settings.
ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI PADA DIALOG FILM ANIMASI NUSSA EPISODE NUSSA: BELAJAR JUALAN
Authors: Putri Nurul Kamila Putri , Sinta Rosalina
Published: September 2022

Tindak tutur ilokusi merupakan salah satu bagian dari jenis tindak tutur. Tindak tutur ilokusi  berfungsi untuk mengungkapkan suatu hal yang hendak dicapai dengan cara mengkomunikasikan maksud/keinginan kepada lawan tutur untuk mencapai sesuatu. Tuturan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi sehingga lawan tutur melakukan sesuatu atau mengubah keadaan. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mengetahui (1) bentuk-bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi dalam dialog film serial animasi “Nussa episode Nussa” Belajar Jualan”. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data berupa dialog tuturan para tokoh film serial animasi “Nussa episode Nussa: Belajar Jualan”. Dalam setiap adegan terdapat kegiatan komunikasi antara karakter satu dengan karakter lainnya. Tuturan-tuturan yang terdapat pada setiap dialog didominasi oleh ajaran pendidikan islam. Maka, dalam setiap dialog yang dituturkan akan mengalami peristiwa tindak tutur pada setiap karakternya. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, yaitu simak-catat dengan instrumen penelitian yakni peneliti sendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menjabarkan hasil analisis data yang telah dilaksanakan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada dialog film serial animasi Nussa : Belajar Jualan terdapat tiga bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi meliputi, tindak tutur asertif yaitu, tuturan mengeluh dan menyarankan, tindak tutur direktif yakni tuturan permintaan, ajakan, nasihat dan larangan, terakhir yaitu ekspresif yakni tuturan ucapan terima kasih.
EKRANISASI NOVEL LAYANGAN PUTUS KARYA MOMY ASF KE DALAM FILM LAYANGAN PUTUS SUTRADARA BENNI SETIAWAN
Authors: Saepputra  , Ade Khusnul Mawadah  , Firman Hadiansyah
Published: September 2022

Ekranisasi merupakan pelayar putihan atau pemindahan sebuah karya sastra novel ke dalam sebuah film. dalam sebuah ekranisasi akan ada beberapa perubahan. Tujuan penelitian ini akan membahas tentang penciutan, penambhan dan perubhan variasi.  Maka dari itu peneliti melakukan penelitian ekranisasi dengan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan cara membaca novel yang di teliti dengan kselurahn dan mencatat hal – apa saja yang di teliti. Selanjutnya peneliti juga menonton kembali film yang di angkat dari novel terseut dengan memahami dan mencatat bagian – bagian yang di anggapa penting. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah adanya perubahan – perubahan dalam proses ekranisasi di temukan adanya pencitan dua latar yang ada dalam film, adanya penciutan narator dan pencitan tokoh dan penokohan. Dalam perubahan penambahan juga di temukan tambahan latar, dimana dalam novel tidak di ceritakan saat kinan sykuran 7 bulan anak keduanya, namun dalam film di tanyang adengan tersebut. Penambahan narator yang ada pada akhir film. sedangankan penambahan berupa tokoh juga terjadi dalam film seperti lola, andre dan nita. Perubahan variasi terjadi pada latar dimana kinan menjemput anaknya, perubahan variasi pada narotor tidak ditemukan, sedangkan pada tokoh dan penokohan kinan sebagai dokter hewan dalam novel namun dalam film kinan seorang dokter umum. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini dalah perubahan yang terjadi pada proses ekranisasi ini akan terjadi, karena stradara melakukan penciutan, panambahan dan perubahan variasi hanya untuk memberikan klimaks terhadap penonton dan jalan cerita yang lebih menarik.
KEPERCAYAAN MASYARAKAT JAWA DALAM NOVEL KKN DI DESA PENARI KARYA SIMPLEMAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN SIMBOLIK CLIFFORD GEERTZ
Authors: Fanisia Like , Fathurrozi Moh Alex , Yudistian Putri Aulia , Damariswara Rian
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kepercayaan masyarakat jawa bagian timur yang dikhususkan pada kepercayaan terhadap makhluk halus dan makna simbolik dari budaya jawa yang telah dilakukan. Data dalam penelitian ini berwujud frase, kalimat, dan ungkapan yang terdapat dalam novel KKN di Desa Penari karya Simpleman. Sedangkan, sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu novel KKN di Desa Penari karya Simpleman. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif analisis. Teknik deskriptif analisis dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan data-data yang ada kemudian disusul dengan analisis menggunakan Interpretatif simbolik Clifford Geertz. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu sebagai berikut. (1) Kepercayaan terhadap makhluk halus jenis gendruwo, (2) makna simbolik budaya Jawa  yang terepresentasi dalam novel KKN di desa penari karya Simplemen ditunjukan 7 macam hal yaitu, (a) tapak tilas, (b) pemakaman, (c) sendang, (d) sesajen, (e) tempat wingit, (f) tumbal, (g) gamelan.
ANALISIS PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA PERTAMA PADA ANAK USIA 43 BULAN MELALUI TATARAN FONOLOGI (KAJIAN MEAN LENGTH OF UTTERANCE)
Authors: Indriyani Oktavia , Setiawan Hendra
Published: September 2022

Pemerolehan bahasa pertama merupakan proses pertama kalinya otak manusia memperoleh pengetahuan mengenai bahasa secara tanpa disadari. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini akan terfokus pada pemerolehan bahasa pertama pada anak melalui kajian MLU dan aspek fonologi. Maka, tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk memaparkan berbagai panjang tuturan pada anak usia 43 bulan dan perubahan bunyi bahasa yang diujarkannya. Hasil dari penelitian ini, jumlah tuturan pada anak usia 43 bulan yang paling tinggi adalah berjumlah tuturan 8 kata, kemudian setelah melakukan perhitungan MLU dapat diketahui bahwa anak yang dijadikan sebagai subjek penelitian telah memiliki kemampuan pemerolehan bahasa pertama yang sesuai dengan rata-rata tahapan seusianya, yaitu tahapan IX (3,44). Selain itu, anak tersebut sudah menguasai seluruh huruf vokal, tetapi memiliki penguasaan huruf konsonan /r/, /l/, /s/, dan /m/ yang rendah, karena seringkali mengalami perubahan bunyi pada tuturannya
Deep reinforcement learning for multi-agent interaction
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim H. , Brewitt Cillian , Carlucho Ignacio , Christianos Filippos , Dunion Mhairi , Fosong Elliot , Garcin Samuel , Guo Shangmin , Gyevnar Balint , McInroe Trevor , Papoudakis Georgios , Rahman Arrasy , Schäfer Lukas , Tamborski Massimiliano , Vecchio Giuseppe , Wang Cheng , Albrecht Stefano V.
Published: September 2022

The development of autonomous agents which can interact with other agents to accomplish a given task is a core area of research in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Towards this goal, the Autonomous Agents Research Group develops novel machine learning algorithms for autonomous systems control, with a specific focus on deep reinforcement learning and multi-agent reinforcement learning. Research problems include scalable learning of coordinated agent policies and inter-agent communication; reasoning about the behaviours, goals, and composition of other agents from limited observations; and sample-efficient learning based on intrinsic motivation, curriculum learning, causal inference, and representation learning. This article provides a broad overview of the ongoing research portfolio of the group and discusses open problems for future directions.
Culture knowledge graph construction techniques
Authors: Chansanam Wirapong , Jaroenruen Yuttana , Kaewboonma Nattapong , Tuamsuk Kulthida
Published: September 2022

This article describes the development process of the Thai cultural knowledge graph, which facilitates a more precise and rapid comprehension of the culture and customs of Thailand. The construction process is as follows: First, data collection technologies and techniques were used to obtain text data from the Wikipedia encyclopedia about cultural traditions in Thailand. Second, entity recognition and relationship extraction were performed on the structured text set. A natural language processing (NLP) technique was used to characterize and extract better textual resources from Wikipedia to support a deeper understanding of user-generated content by using automatic tools. Regarding entity recognition, a BiLSTM model was used to extract relationships between entities. After the entities and their relationships were obtained, triple data were generated from the semistructured data in the existing knowledge base. Then, a knowledge graph was created, knowledge bases were stored in the Neo4j Desktop, and the quality and performance of the created knowledge graph were assessed. According to the experimental findings, the precision value is 84.73%, the recall value is 82.26%, and the F1-score value is 83.47%; therefore, BiLSTM-CNN-CRF can successfully extract entities from the structured text.
Impaired Facial Emotion Recognition and Gaze Direction Detection in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease: Results from the PACO Study
Authors: Comon Martin , Rouch Isabelle , Edjolo Arlette , Padovan Catherine , Krolak-Salmon Pierre , Dorey Jean-Michel
Published: September 2022

Background: Facial emotion recognition (FER) and gaze direction (GD) identification are core components of social cognition, possibly impaired in many psychiatric or neurological conditions. Regarding Alzheimer’s disease (AD), current knowledge is controversial. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore FER and GD identification in mild AD compared to healthy controls. Methods: 180 participants with mild AD drawn from the PACO study and 74 healthy elderly controls were enrolled. Participants were asked to complete three socio-cognitive tasks: face sex identification, recognition of facial emotions (fear, happiness, anger, disgust) expressed at different intensities, and GD discrimination. Multivariate analyses were conducted to compare AD participants and healthy controls. Results: Sex recognition was preserved. GD determination for subtle deviations was impaired in AD. Recognition of prototypically expressed facial emotions was preserved while recognition of degraded facial emotions was impacted in AD participants compared to controls. Use of multivariate analysis suggested significant alteration of low-expressed fear and disgust recognition in the AD group. Conclusion: Our results showed emotion recognition and GD identification in patients with early-stage AD compared to elderly controls. These impairments could be the object of specific therapeutic interventions such as social cognition remediation or raising awareness of primary caregivers to improve the quality of life of patients with early AD.
Monitoring Alzheimer’s Disease Progression in Mild Cognitive Impairment Stage Using Machine Learning-Based FDG-PET Classification Methods
Authors: Beheshti Iman ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Geddert Natasha , Perron Jarrad , Gupta Vinay , Albensi Benedict C. , Ko Ji Hyun
Published: September 2022

Background: We previously introduced a machine learning-based Alzheimer’s Disease Designation (MAD) framework for identifying AD-related metabolic patterns among neurodegenerative subjects. Objective: We sought to assess the efficiency of our MAD framework for tracing the longitudinal brain metabolic changes in the prodromal stage of AD. Methods: MAD produces subject scores using five different machine-learning algorithms, which include a general linear model (GLM), two different approaches of scaled subprofile modeling, and two different approaches of a support vector machine. We used our pre-trained MAD framework, which was trained based on metabolic brain features of 94 patients with AD and 111 age-matched cognitively healthy (CH) individuals. The MAD framework was applied on longitudinal independent test sets including 54 CHs, 51 stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI), and 39 prodromal AD (pAD) patients at the time of the clinical diagnosis of AD, and two years prior. Results: The GLM showed excellent performance with area under curve (AUC) of 0.96 in distinguishing sMCI from pAD patients at two years prior to the time of the clinical diagnosis of AD while other methods showed moderate performance (AUC: 0.7–0.8). Significant annual increment of MAD scores were identified using all five algorithms in pAD especially when it got closer to the time of diagnosis (p < 0.001), but not in sMCI. The increased MAD scores were also significantly associated with cognitive decline measured by Mini-Mental State Examination in pAD (q < 0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that MAD may be a relevant tool for monitoring disease progression in the prodromal stage of AD.