bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in the management of pediatric cholestatic liver diseases
Authors: Mysore Krupa R. , Cheng Katherine , Suri Lakshmi Anandini , Fawaz Rima , Mavis Alisha M. , Kogan‐Liberman Debora , Mohammad Saeed , Taylor Sarah A.
Published: January 2025

Pediatric cholestatic liver diseases are rare conditions that can result from multiple specific underlying etiologies. Among the most common etiologies of pediatric cholestatic liver diseases are biliary atresia, Alagille syndrome (ALGS), and inherited disorders of bile acid transport. These diseases are characterized by episodic or chronic unremitting cholestasis. Due to the chronicity of these conditions, it is imperative to optimize medical management to improve patient quality of life, provide nutritional support, and reduce bile acid toxicity in efforts to slow disease progression. Cholestatic liver diseases remain the leading cause of pediatric liver transplantation, as many underlying disease etiologies have no curative medical therapies. In the present review, we provide an update on the nutritional, medical, and surgical management of pediatric cholestatic liver diseases. As recent advances have occurred in the field with the addition of ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitors, we also review the results from prospective clinical trials, including their strengths and limitations. While recent clinical trials have demonstrated improved pruritus using IBAT inhibitors in ALGS and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, establishing medical therapies proven to slow disease progression remains an area of unmet need.
Dynamic high‐pressure microfluidization for the extraction and processing of polysaccharides: a focus on some foods and by‐products
Authors: Zhang Yang , Yang Jingchun , Ling Yuchun , Liu Yaqi , Chen Kun , Shen Yingchao , Zhou Yuan , Luo Bing
Published: January 2025

Dynamic high‐pressure microfluidization (DHPM) is an emerging treatment technology and has been widely used for the recovery of natural polysaccharides. The aim of the present contribution is to discuss the DHPM‐assisted extraction and processing of polysaccharides from some foods and by‐products by reviewing the instrument and working principle, procedures, key parameters, and effects of DHPM on the structures, food properties, and bioactivities of resulting polysaccharides. It was found that a DHPM instrument with Z‐type chamber is preferable for extracting polysaccharides, and a DHPM with Y‐type chamber is applicable for processing polysaccharides. The solid‐to‐liquid ratio (or concentration), pressure, and number of passes are the key parameters influencing the outcome of DHPM extraction and processing. The DHPM under suitable conditions is conducive to boosting the extraction yields of polysaccharides, enriching the carbohydrates and uronic acids in polysaccharides, lowering the protein impurities, and transforming insoluble dietary fibers into soluble ones. In most cases, DHPM treatment improved the food properties of polysaccharides via decreasing viscosity, molecular weight, and particle size, as well as losing the surface morphology. More importantly, DHPM is a mild treatment technique that barely affects the chain backbones of polysaccharides. DHPM‐assisted extraction and processing endowed polysaccharides with enhanced antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic activities, exhibiting potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In addition, DHPM‐treated polysaccharides exerted certain potential in whitening cosmetics via inhibiting tyrosinase. In conclusion, DHPM is a mild, efficient, and green technology to recover and modify polysaccharides from natural resources, especially foods and by‐products. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Over 1500 PPI quantum dot color conversion array by lift‐off
Authors: Song Qi , Ma Jingrui , Li Depeng , Li Chengcheng , Liu Pai , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: January 2025

This study explores the application of lift‐off process for the patterning of quantum dot (QD) pixels using CdSe/ZnS core‐shell colloidal QDs. The evaluation of the influence of different solvent and binder systems on the effectiveness of the pixelation is detaily discussed. By optimizing the solvent and binder combination, the fabrication of multi‐color QD patterns with pixel sizes ranging from 5 to 200 μm were demonstrated, achieving blue light conversion efficiencies exceeding 18% and 25% for red and green pixels. It is also improved pixel uniformity, stability, and resolution, lying the foundation for the development of ultra‐high‐resolution, QD Micro‐LED display. However, challenges remain in maximizing the utilization of blue light and packaging of QD layers. Future research will aim to develop high‐quality QD inks suitable for photoresist lift‐off and optimize the QD Micro‐LED system to further enhance the performance and stability of QD‐based displays.
Colorectal Cancer Surgery at a Regional Cold Site Centre During the SARS‐CoV‐2 Pandemic: A Comparison With Prepandemic Practices
Authors: Soop Mattias , Anderin Kajsa , Syk Erik , Nygren Jonas , Segelman Josefin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Stockholm, Sweden had among the highest excess mortality rates during the first wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. In March 2020, an entire hospital implemented an infection‐free cold site infrastructure and scaled up imperative mainly colorectal cancer surgery, for the Stockholm health care region. The study evaluated the efficacy of the concept.

Methods

Strict preadmission screening and prophylactic interventions were implemented. The outcomes of the cold site cohort (30th March–21st June 2020) were compared to a prepandemic control. Population‐based data on colorectal cancer patients were collected from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry.

Results

There were 107 patients in the cold site cohort and 109 in the control cohort. None developed COVID‐19 within 30 days postoperatively. The proportions of pelvic and laparoscopic surgery were similar. The cold site cohort had more potentially avoidable stomas (32/94 (34%) vs 19/91 (21%), p = 0.0442). In the region, the proportion of colorectal cancer resections at the cold site increased from prepandemic 12.9% (58 of 448) to 43.3% (94 of 217) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

A SARS‐CoV‐2‐cold site can be kept infection‐free by screening, allowing increased volumes of colorectal cancer surgery with outcomes comparable to prepandemic practice. The cold site model should be more widely adopted in future similar scenarios.

This study reports on the implementation of an entire cold site hospital for imperative colorectal surgery, in particular colorectal cancer, during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. By comparing outcomes to prepandemic practices, we demonstrated that the cold site hospital was effective in preventing infection and safely increasing surgical volume many‐fold.
Effects of Forest Types on Soil Particulate Organic Carbon Contents and Distribution Along a Subtropical Climate Transect in China
Authors: Zheng Zhiheng , Xu Qinqin , Hu Yalin
Published: January 2025

The influence of various types of forests on the storage of C in forest soil is significantly more concerned in recent decades, as these ecosystems are crucial for mitigation of the effects of global climate change. Nevertheless, uncertainties remain surrounding the impact of different forest types on the stability and distribution of SOC. The influence of forest types on the content and distribution characteristics in CPOC, FPOC, MAOC fractions. Importantly, we found that the forest types significantly affect the content of SOC (p = 0.020), POC (p < 0.001), and MAOC (p < 0.001), there was a significant forest type × region interaction effect (SOC: p = 0.019, POC: p = 0.025, and MAOC: p = 0.003). The random forest analysis showed that FPOC and MAOC were the main factors affecting SOC which indicated FPOC and MAOC have higher relative importance to SOC. The subtropical forests POC and MAOC storage and distribution are driven by separate environmental factors. POC storage in subtropical forests is mainly controlled by exogenous C inputs and soil transformation processes, while subtropical forests’ MAOC storage is primarily controlled by constraints on C inputs and C stabilization mechanisms. Different environmental factors result in forest types with faster decomposition rates having more C stored in the total soil C pool in the MAOC. Altogether, this research emphasizes the importance of different forest types to SOC pools and provides valuable information for the distribution and stability of SOC fractions in different forest types.
Investigating How All‐Trans Retinoic Acid Polycaprolactone (atRA‐PCL) Microparticles Alter the Material Properties of 3D Printed Fibrin Constructs
Authors: Hangad Maria V. , Forigua Alejandro , Scheck Kali , Willerth Stephanie M. , Elvira Katherine S.
Published: January 2025

The 3D printing of human tissue constructs requires carefully designed bioinks to support the growth and function of cells. Here it is shown that an additional parameter is how drug‐releasing microparticles affect the material properties of the scaffold. A microfluidic platform is used to create all‐trans retinoic acid (atRA) polycaprolactone (PCL) microparticles with a high encapsulation efficiency (85.9 ± 5.0%), and incorporate them into fibrin constructs to investigate their effect on the material properties. An encapsulation that is around 25–35% higher than the current state of the art batch methods is achieved. It is also found that the drug loading concentration affects the microparticle size, which can be controlled using the microfluidic platform. It is shown that the release of atRA is slower in fibrin constructs than in buffer, and that the presence of atRA in the microparticles modulates both the degradation and the rheological properties of the constructs. Finally, it is shown that the fibrin material exhibits a stronger solid‐like state in the presence of atRA‐PCL microparticles. These findings establish a basis for understanding the interplay between drug‐releasing microparticles and scaffold materials, paving the way for bioinks that achieve tailored degradation and mechanical properties, together with sustained drug delivery for tissue engineering applications.
Artificial Cephalopod Skins with Switchable Appearance Color
Authors: Zhou Jie , Teng Ziqi , Han Zongchen , Wang Kaiyuan , Hu Jianfeng , Li Yiran , Wang Shengjie , Xia Yongqing
Published: January 2025

Cephalopods such as squids, octopuses, and cuttlefishes can change their bodies’ color to match the surrounding environments by contracting or expanding the sac just below the surface of the skin. Inspired by this mechanism, artificial cephalopod chromatophores which are prepared by thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide)‐based hydrogel films embedded with black, red, and yellow pigments are presented, they can swell and shrink under temperature stimuli, like the natural chromatophores. The artificial chromatophores embedded with cuttlefish ink are further used to fabricate artificial J.heathi octopus skin by sandwiched between a transparent outer layer and a transparency‐switchable substrate, thus camouflage skin can be achieved by controlling temperature or NIR irradiation. The artificial chromatophores with red and yellow pigments are further incorporated with the colloidal photonic crystals patches which are embedded in a white substrate, and the iridescence patches keep disappearing‐reappearing with the expanding‐contracting behavior of the pigment‐containing chromatophores, like the skin of squids. These bioinspired artificial skins with the excellent capability of dynamic camouflage have potential applications for color displaying, camouflage, and smart wearable devices.
Electrochromic Fabric Device Based on Lamellar Polyaniline through Inkjet Printing
Authors: Xie Hongjie , Peng Shuanghong , Huang Xiangyu , Fan Suna , Zhang Yaopeng
Published: January 2025

Flexible electrochromic devices (FECD) have been widely applied in smart displays, wearable devices, and other fields, however, the synchronous improvement of electrochromic performance and flexibility is still a challenge. In this paper, a fabric‐based FECD with “side‐by‐side” structure is designed and constructed through inkjet printing. The polyaniline nanosheets with good dispersion are used as ink and electrochromic material, and the self‐developed semi‐solid electrolyte based on polyvinyl alcohol serves as gel electrolyte. Benefiting from the improved structure and excellent performance of individual components, the obtained FECD achieves a reflectivity change of 22.9%, and maintains the electrochromic ability after bending for 1000 times. This shows the potential in the field of wearable smart clothing and other flexible textile displays.
Essential Tremor Suppression with a Novel Anti‐Tremor Orthosis: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Mugge Winfred , Elstgeest Liset E.M. , van Ginkel Milan , Pol Lucas , de Lange IJsbrand , Pambakian Nicola , Assis de Souza Alvaro , Helmich Rick C. , Kamphuis Daan J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Essential tremor (ET) is characterized by action tremor of the arms, which can interfere substantially with daily activities. Pharmacotherapy may be ineffective or associated with side effects, and stereotactic surgery is invasive. Hence, new accessible treatment options are urgently needed. An easy‐to‐use and lightweight orthotic device that exerts joint damping may provide an alternative solution for reducing tremor in daily activities.

Objective

Our goal was to assess the efficacy of a novel anti‐tremor orthosis (STIL) in reducing clinical and accelerometry measures of distal arm tremor in ET.

Methods

In a randomized crossover single‐blinded trial in 24 ET patients in a hospital setting, we compared three conditions: no orthosis (baseline), a sham device, and the anti‐tremor orthosis (order randomized). The orthosis, but not the sham device, passively damped joints in the forearm. Participants performed seven tasks from the Tremor Research Group Essential Tremor Rating Scale (TETRAS). The two co‐primary outcome measures were: clinical tremor severity (video‐scored TETRAS) and tremor power (accelerometry). Patient satisfaction was self‐assessed using the Dutch Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology. Conditions were compared using Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.

Results

The anti‐tremor orthosis significantly reduced TETRAS scores compared to sham and baseline (baseline: 19.0 ± 3.2, sham: 13.7 ± 3.9, orthosis: 9.9 ± 3.6; mean ± standard deviation). Similar effects were observed for tremor power, which was reduced by 87.4% (orthosis vs. baseline) and 59.5% (orthosis vs. sham) across all tasks. A total of 71% of participants were (very) satisfied and 12.5% reported minor adverse events (discomfort/redness of skin).

Conclusion

The anti‐tremor orthosis had a clinically relevant tremor‐reducing effect in ET in a controlled setting, offering potential for a new treatment to manage ET in daily activities. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Gait Video–Based Prediction of Severity of Cerebellar Ataxia Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Eguchi Katsuki , Yaguchi Hiroaki , Uwatoko Hisashi , Iida Yuki , Hamada Shinsuke , Honma Sanae , Takei Asako , Moriwaka Fumio , Yabe Ichiro
Published: January 2025

Background

Pose estimation algorithms applied to two‐dimensional videos evaluate gait disturbances; however, a few studies have used this method to evaluate ataxic gait.

Objective

The aim was to assess whether a pose estimation algorithm can predict the severity of cerebellar ataxia by applying it to gait videos.

Methods

We video‐recorded 66 patients with degenerative cerebellar diseases performing the timed up‐and‐go test. Key points from the gait videos extracted by a pose estimation algorithm were input into a deep learning model to predict the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score. We also evaluated video segments that the model focused on to predict ataxia severity.

Results

The model achieved a root‐mean‐square error of 2.30 and a coefficient of determination of 0.79 in predicting the SARA score. It primarily focused on standing, turning, and body sway to assess severity.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the model may capture gait characteristics from key‐point data and has the potential to predict SARA scores. © 2025 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Optimizing Entanglement in Two‐Qubit Systems
Authors: Luna‐Hernández Salvio , Quintana Claudia , Rosas‐Ortiz Oscar
Published: January 2025

We investigate entanglement in two‐qubit systems using a geometric representation based on the minimum of essential parameters. The latter is achieved by requiring subsystems with the same entropy, regardless of whether the state of the entire system is pure or mixed. The geometric framework is provided by a convex set that forms a right‐triangle, whose points are linked to the absolute value of just two of the coherences of the system under study. As a result, we find that optimized states of two qubits host pairs of identical populations while reducing the number of coherences involved, so they are X‐shaped. A geometric ‐measure of entanglement is introduced as the distance between the points in that represent entangled states and the closest point that defines separable states. It is shown that reproduces the results of the Hill‐Wootters concurrence , so that can be interpreted as a distance‐like entanglement measure. However, unlike , the measure also distinguishes the rank of states. The universality of the two‐qubit X‐states ensures the utility of our geometric model for studying entanglement of two‐qubit states in any configuration. To show the applicability of our approach far beyond time‐independent cases, we construct a time‐dependent two‐qubit state, traced out over the complementary components of a pure tetra‐partite system, and find that its one‐qubit states share the same entropy. The entanglement measure results bounded from above by the envelope of the minima of such entropy.
A Portable LIFT Printer to Enable the Fast On‐Site Optimization of Inks Toward Special Customer Needs
Authors: Lux Stefan , Wu Chaoyu , Salazar Christina , Crespo Julian , Pérez Angélica , Acevedo Claudio Fernández , Mager Dario , Stahlberger Mareen , Mattes Daniela , Weber Laura , Schlindwein Jannik , Gedigk Clarine , Rosa Maria B. A. , Amir Momina , Kuznetsova Nadezda , Kraft Michael , Breitling Frank , Korvink Jan G.
Published: January 2025

Laser‐induced forward transfer (LIFT) printing uniquely enables localized deposition of nanoparticle pastes onto target substrates. The extent of its versatility hinges upon the availability of nanoparticle inks that align with the capabilities of the printing device. Given the inherent distinctions among various devices attributed to differences in laser types (continuous‐wave or pulsed), laser energy profiles, and adaptable wavelengths, ink formulation and the LIFT printing processes are frequently disjointed, which results in a lengthy optimization cycle. Significantly expedited optimization cycles could be achieved if LIFT performance of an ink could be tested on‐site of the ink developer. This localization empowers ink developers to tailor inks precisely to specific usage scenarios by promptly adjusting parameters such as particle size, viscosity, and surface properties. This paper presents a dedicated LIFT device that focuses on fine‐tuning ink characteristics and provides insights into the construction to allow other interested researchers to build similar low‐cost, user‐friendly setups.
The Association Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Dietary Intake of Carbohydrates in School‐Aged Children in Iran: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Tajadod Shirin , Roumi Zahra , Abbas Torki Saheb , Mousavi Shalmani Seyedeh Hayedeh , Moradi Mahdi , Saeedirad Zahra , Abbasi Mobarakeh Khadijeh , Mohammadi Saeideh , Shekari Soheila , Mirzaee Pouya , Bahmani Parsa , Houshyar‐Rad Anahita , Doaei Saeid
Published: January 2025

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Imbalanced dietary Intake has recently been proposed as a possible environmental risk factor for ASD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible connection between ASD and intake of various carbohydrate types.

Methods

110 patients with autism from 5 to 15 years of age have been included as the case group and 110 neurotypical children who are part of a similar age category have been chosen as controls for this case–control study. To estimate the dietary intake of carbohydrates, a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used.

Results

Positive connections were found between ASD and the intake of sugar (OR = 1.03, CI 95%: 1.02–1.06, p = 0.001), and maltose (OR = 2.09, CI 95%: 1.37–3.20, p = 0.001). A reverse correlation was found between ASD and dietary intake of carbohydrates (OR = 0.97, CI 95%: 0.96–0.98, p = 0.001), fructose (OR = 0.85, CI 95%: 0.77–0.94, p = 0.002), and lactose (OR = 0.89, CI 95%: 0.83–0.96, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

This study showed a direct link between autism and the intake of sugar and maltose and an inverse connection between autism and the dietary intake of total carbohydrate, fructose, and lactose. There is a need to carry out additional long‐term studies.
Thiamine deficiency in US veterans with obesity
Authors: Costello Elizabeth , Kerns Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Thiamine deficiency is common after bariatric surgery, but patients with obesity may be deficient in thiamine even before surgery. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of thiamine deficiency in patients with obesity at a medical weight‐management clinic and assess the relationship between recent weight loss and thiamine deficiency.

Methods

For this observational study, medical records were reviewed for patients (n = 146) at the nonsurgical obesity medicine and preoperative bariatric surgery clinic at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center between January 1, 2012, and January 31, 2019. Thiamine deficiency was defined as a value less than the test reference range. χ2 tests were used to assess differences in thiamine deficiency by race, gender, and type 2 diabetes status. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between weight loss and thiamine deficiency.

Results

Thiamine deficiency was found in 32.2% of patients. There were no differences in the prevalence of deficiency by gender, race, or type 2 diabetes status. Weight loss was associated with increased risk for deficiency, although this was not statistically significant (odds ratio = 2.04, 95% CI: 0.79–5.27).

Conclusions

Approximately one‐third of patients evaluated had a test result indicating thiamine deficiency. All people with obesity may benefit from additional nutritional screening.
Progress in degradable polyurethane scaffolds with variable degradation rates for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Naureen Bushra , Ang Bee Chin , Muhamad Farina , Haseeb A. S. M. A. , Basirun W. J.
Published: January 2025

Global catastrophic consequences associated with wars, natural disasters, and accidents are increasing day by day. Tissue engineering (TE) regenerate damaged tissues by using growth factors, cells, or three‐dimensional support biomaterials, that is, scaffolds. Scaffolds should degrade into resorbable, noncytotoxic, and excretable products in the physiological environment, along with successfully regenerating the damaged tissues. However, the requirement for scaffold degradation rate varies from patient to patient, depending on the nature, size, and cause of injuries. Thus, the synthesis and development of degradable scaffolds with focus toward variable degradation rates has become an engrossed research area. In this regard, multifunctional polymers such as polyurethane (PU) are suitable candidates. The degradation rate of PUs can be changed with the variations in the PU scaffold composition, such as the selection of the isocyanate, polyol, or the chain extender. This review will fill the research gap by analyzing the state‐of‐the‐art expansions of the degradable PU scaffolds with variable degradation rates based primarily on the selection and composition of polyol, isocyanate, and CE. It aims to guide the development of patient‐specific/customized scaffolds with appropriate scaffold degradation and tissue regeneration rates, along with the recommendations for future work.

Highlights

The requirement for scaffold degradation rate varies from patient to patient.

There is a need to synthesize scaffolds with variable/tunable degradation rates.

Multifunctional polymers such as polyurethanes (PUs) are suitable candidates.

PUs degradation rate can be tuned via isocyanates, polyols and chain extenders.
Social Media Use Disorder in High School Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study Examining the Relationship Between Cyber Human Values, Cyberbullying, and Cybervictimization
Authors: Evgin Derya , Kılıç Kızbes Meral , Sümen Adem
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of social media use disorder among adolescents and to investigate the relationship between social media use, level of cyber human values, cyberbullying, or cybervictimization. This study employed a cross‐sectional design, with 1571 adolescents enrolled in high school participating in the investigation. Data collection was conducted utilizing the “Social Media Disorder Scale,” “Cyber Bullying Scale,” “Cyber Victimization Scale,” and “Cyber Human Values Scale.” Upon examination of the results of the study, it was observed that there was an increase in the prevalence of cyberbullying with age, social media use disorder, and cyber human values being more common in girls (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between adolescents' scores on the cyberbullying scale and their scores on the cyber human values and cybervictimization scales. In our study, negative correlations were observed between social media use disorder scores and cybervictimization scores, while positive correlations were found between cyberbullying scores (p < 0.001). The results demonstrated that social media use disorder was positively correlated with cyberbullying and negatively correlated with cybervictimization (p < 0.001). It is imperative that social media use disorder, cyberbullying, and cybervictimization are given due consideration among adolescents.
Kinetically Controlled Seeded Living Supramolecular Polymerization of Tb(III) Complex
Authors: Hwang Minkyeong , Lim Seol‐A , Park Yumi , Jung Sung Ho , Jung Jong Hwa
Published: January 2025

We describe the synthesis of metallosupramolecular polymers using a Tb3+ complex as a primary building block. This synthesis is facilitated through the strategic manipulation of non‐equilibrium self‐assemblies, employing a living supramolecular polymerization method. Our extensive investigation into the metallosupramolecular polymerizations, which are both thermodynamically and kinetically regulated and centered around the Tb3+ complex with bisterpyridine‐modified ligand (R‐L1) incorporating R‐alanine units, revealed noteworthy properties. These complexes initially form kinetically metastable aggregates, characterized by a coordination number of nine. This structure involves one Tb3+ cation and three NO3− anions at one terpyridine moiety, while the opposite terpyridine moiety remains unoccupied. Intriguingly, these aggregates can transition into a thermodynamically more stable state, also characterized by a nine‐coordination number. In this state, each of the two terpyridine units is coordinated with one Tb3+ cation and three NO3− anions, respectively. This transformative process is expedited by seed‐induced living polymerization. Therefore, we have successfully executed the seeded living supramolecular polymerization of the monomeric building unit under kinetically controlled conditions. This process yielded a metallosupramolecular polymer with a precisely regulated length and minimal polydispersity, demonstrating the potential of this approach in the design of advanced functional materials.
A Comparative Study on Centella Asiatica‐Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Implications for Wound Healing
Authors: Agarwal Aeshna , Ramachandran Swetha , Kumar Sunil , Swaminathan Subhashini , Ramalingam Raghavendra
Published: January 2025

Conventional wound dressings often lack efficient antimicrobial properties and may exhibit limited bio‐compatibility, necessitating the development of advanced solutions for effective wound healing. Green synthesis of nanoparticles opens the door to a strategy that is efficient in terms of pharmaceutical biotechnology, besides being nontoxic and eco‐friendly. In the present study, Centella asiatica leaf extract conjugated with silver nanoparticles and copper oxide nanoparticles are synthesized and their bioactivity is compared. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) results show 4‐butoxy‐1‐Butanol, Phthalic acid, and 2‐propyldecan‐1‐ol as major phytochemicals in Centella asiatica. The green‐synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO‐NPs) are characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TEM results confirm the circular morphology for Ag‐NPs and elliptical structures for CuO‐NPs, whereas energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX) spectrum confirms the presence of Cu and Ag in their respective samples. XRD spectrum confirms that both the nanoparticles exhibit high crystallinity. Both nanoparticles demonstrate satisfactory radical scavenging activity as confirmed by the 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. CuO‐NPs exhibit greater antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in comparison to the Ag‐NPs evident from the clear zone of inhibition obtained. In conclusion, green synthesized CuO‐NPs prove to have enhanced wound healing activity in the NIH3T3 fibroblast cells than Ag‐NPs.
The Landscape of Research on Contextualized Science Learning: A Bibliometric Network Review
Authors: Giamellaro Michael , Buxton Cory , Taylor Joseph , Ayotte‐Beaudet Jean‐Philippe , L'Heureux Kassandra , Beaudry Marie‐Claude
Published: January 2025

The vast and rapidly growing amount of science education research makes it challenging for researchers to navigate and synthesize developments across the field, particularly concerning broad concepts evolving along divergent paths. To address this issue, a novel review methodology employing bibliometrics and network analysis was tested to identify and characterize clusters of research focused on the relationship between school‐based science learning and contexts where that science is applied, experienced, observable, or otherwise relevant (e.g., socio‐scientific inquiry, place‐based learning, culturally‐responsive pedagogy). Using a sample of 935 academic papers, the bibliometric network analysis revealed the landscape of contextualized science learning research, identifying 13 distinct clusters of scholarship. Bibliometric and qualitative data were used to describe the research trends within clusters and confirm they were conceptually meaningful and distinct. This methodology facilitated greater understanding of how research can become clustered into “invisible colleges” over time, offering a synthesis approach to grasp interrelated lines of research within an evolving landscape. The methodology has potential to identify other schools of thought or overarching themes in science education, enhancing researchers’ ability to perceive the field as a coherent landscape of interconnected ideas or to identify specific research trajectories within a broad concept.
Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of RhB in Water via Co3O4 and F‐Doped Carbon Nitride Heterojunction
Authors: Chen Linbo , Zhu Yingying , Wang Di , Zhu Jinyuan , Ren Yumeng , Chen Geng
Published: January 2025

Photocatalysis is an effective solution to degrade organic dye discharge in wastewater treatment due to its efficiency, environmental friendliness and cost‐effectiveness. However, issues such as limited visible light absorption and rapid charge carrier recombination hinder its practical use. In this research, the heterojunction (Co─FCN) composed of carbon fluoride nitride and cobalt tetroxide (Co3O4) was successfully prepared by a simple one‐pot pyrolysis method. The obtained nanocomposites showed their efficiency as photocatalyst in the photodecomposition of Rhodamine B (RhB). The relationship between microstructure and properties of photocatalyst was studied in detail by means of characterization techniques. The results showed that the RhB degradation efficiency of Co3─FCN was 92.91% within 60 min irradiation time. The results of free radical scavenging experiments show that superoxide anion (·O2−) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) are the main active species in Co─FCN composite catalysts. In addition, the potential degradation pathway of RhB was inferred based on the intermediates detected by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), and the preliminary photocatalytic reaction mechanism of Co─FCN heterogeneous catalyst was constructed accordingly. Therefore, this research provides new insights into the preparation and modification of CN photocatalysts, thereby promoting the application potential of efficient photocatalysts in the degradation of organic pollutants.
Novel Self‐Powered Sensitive X‐Ray Detection Crystal Bi2Mo0.36W1.64O9 with Effective Functional Motif Coupling in a Quasi‐2D Perovskite Structure
Authors: Liu Lishan , Zhou Hanyue , Liu Jingquan , Tian Xiangxin , Gao Zeliang
Published: January 2025

The demand for medical imaging with reduced patient dosage and higher resolution is growing, driving the need for advanced X‐ray detection technologies. This paper proposes a design paradigm for X‐ray detection semiconductors by coupling constituent motifs through crystal structure engineering. The study introduces a strongly anisotropic Aurivillius‐type quasi‐2D perovskite structure, combining [Bi2O2]2+ groups with stereochemically active lone pair electrons (SCALPEs) and [W/Mo2O7]2− anionic groups, enabling enhanced X‐ray Compton scattering and self‐powered capabilities through local electric field ordering. This results in the first self‐powered Bi‐based tungstate Bi2Mo0.36W1.64O9 (BMWO) X‐ray detector, achieving a record self‐powered sensitivity of 381 µC Gy−1 cm−2. Additionally, the study demonstrates the imaging capability of a Bi‐based perovskite X‐ray detector operating in self‐driven mode. The work highlights BMWO as a promising candidate for stable direct detection imaging and validates the material design strategy that leverages the large anisotropy of quasi‐2D structures for sensitive and self‐powered detection.
2D Van der Waals Sliding Ferroelectrics Toward Novel Electronic Devices
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Zhang Yaxue , Zhang Dachuan , Sun Yu , Zhang Tao , Li Jing
Published: January 2025

Ferroelectric materials, celebrated for their switchable polarization, have undergone significant evolution since their early discovery in Rochelle salt. Initial challenges, including water solubility and brittleness, are overcome with the development of perovskite ferroelectrics, which enable the creation of stable, high‐quality thin films suitable for semiconductor applications. As the demand for miniaturization in nanoelectronics has increased, research has shifted toward low‐dimensional materials. Traditional ferroelectrics often lose their properties at the nanoscale; however, 2D van der Waals (vdW) ferroelectrics, including CuInP2S6 and α‐In2Se3, have emerged as promising alternatives. The recent discovery of sliding ferroelectricity, where polarization is linked to the polar stacking configuration of originally non‐polar monolayers, has significantly broadened the scope of 2D ferroelectrics. This review offers a comprehensive examination of stacking orders in 2D vdW materials, stacking‐order‐linked ferroelectric polarization structures, and their manifestations in metallic, insulating and semiconducting 2D vdW materials. Additionally, it explores the applications of 2D vdW sliding ferroelectrics, and discusses the future prospects in nanotechnology.
Defect‐Engineered Luminescent Nanozyme with Enhanced Phosphohydrolase Activity for Degradation and Dual‐Mode Detection of Paraoxon
Authors: Liao Xiaochen , Li Bai , Wang Li , Chen Yang
Published: January 2025

The excessive use of organophosphorus pesticides poses a substantial threat to both human health and the environment. Consequently, there is an urgent need for new methods that can quickly degrade and sensitively detect these compounds. A versatile nanozyme based on the biomimetic principle is an effective strategy to solve this problem. In this study, a multifunctional luminescent nanozyme Eu@Ce/UiO‐67 composed of Eu3+ and a bimetallic organic framework Ce/UiO‐67 is developed for the degradation and dual‐mode detection of paraoxon. The doping of Ce4+ results in the formation of more defective structures in Eu@Ce/UiO‐67, which significantly enhances the phosphatase activity of Eu@Ce/UiO‐67 and the degradation efficiency of paraoxon. The hydrolysis product 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) shows a distinct UV‐vis absorption in the visible light region and can quench the fluorescence of Eu@Ce/UiO‐67 by the effect of photo‐induced electron transfer (PET), thus achieving dual‐mode detection of paraoxon by colorimetric and fluorescent methods. This study provides a new idea for the simultaneous monitoring and degradation of organophosphorus pesticides, expanding the boundaries of “integration of diagnosis and treatment” for environmental pollutants.
Tuning Fluorination of Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes with Enhanced Reverse‐Selective Hydrogen Separation From Helium
Authors: Gao Zeyuan , Sun Yongchao , Bai Lu , Li Tianyou , Guan Jianyu , Sun Fake , Fan Fangxu , He Gaohong , Ma Canghai
Published: January 2025

Membrane technology has been explored for separating helium from hydrogen in natural gas reservoirs, a process that remains extremely challenging due to the sub‐Ångstrom size difference between H2 and He molecules. Reverse‐selective H2/He separation membranes offer multiple advantages over conventional helium‐selective membranes, which, however, suffer from low H2/He selectivity. To address this hurdle, a novel approach is proposed to tune the ultra‐micropores of carbon molecular sieves (CMS) membranes through fluorination of the polymer precursor. By incorporating ‐CF3 units into the backbone of Tröger's base polymers, the microporosity of CMS is tailored and reverse‐selective H2/He CMS membranes are deployed with remarkable separation performance, surpassing most reported membranes. These CMS membranes exhibit a H2 permeability of 1505.2 Barrer with a notable H2/He selectivity of 3.8. Barometric sorption tests reveal preferential sorption of H2 over He in the fluorinated CMS membranes, which also demonstrate a significantly higher H2/He diffusion selectivity compared to unfluorinated samples. Material studio calculations indicate that the “slim” hydrogen molecule penetrates ultra‐micropores more readily than the spherical He molecule, thus achieving reverse H2/He selectivity. This design approach offers a promising pathway for developing molecularly sieving membranes to tackle the challenging helium separation from natural gas.
Circular Single‐Stranded DNA‐Based Artificial Nanoviruses Mitigate Colorectal Cancer Development
Authors: Wang Jinghao , Zhang Pengfei , Huang Yonglian , Hu Guang , Zou Kexuan , Zhou Songtao , Shao Dandan , Wang Jianming , Song Jie
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge, underscoring the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) play a significant biological role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. Inspired by the cooperative mechanisms of plant nanovirus, which employ multiple circular single‐stranded DNA (CssDNA) genomes, it is hypothesized that the development and delivery of CssDNA to target oncomiRs would achieve therapeutic benefits in CRC. In this study, a multi‐omics approach is utilized to identify key tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and their related oncomiRs implicated in CRC, followed by the development of CssDNA, each of which is loaded with multiple miRNA binding sites targeting one oncomiR. When transfected into the cells, these CssDNA can effectively target and sequester the corresponding oncomiRs to restore the expression of TSGs, leading to a marked reduction in CRC development both in vitro and in vivo. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of nanovirus‐inspired CssDNA in modulating the miRNA‐mediated regulatory network in CRC. This study lays the groundwork for the development of non‐coding DNA‐based therapies with broad implications for the treatment of colorectal cancer and potentially other malignancies.
Numerical analysis of the corrosion impact on the punching shear capacity of flat slabs with openings
Authors: Ramos Vinícius D' Almeida R. , Liberati Elyson A. P. , Trautwein Leandro M.
Published: January 2025

The effects generated by punching shear failure in flat slabs are catastrophic, as the failure of the slab‐column joint can cause a progressive collapse of the building. Furthermore, when exposed to aggressive environments, reinforced concrete structures can be degraded due to the penalization of the mechanical and geometric properties of the reinforcement and concrete. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the behavior of corroded reinforced concrete flat slabs with adjacent openings to the column. Three nonlinear finite element models of flat slabs based on experimental results were constructed and validated in the ABAQUS software and subsequently subjected to a parametric analysis to investigate the effects of different corrosion degrees on their punching shear capacity. The results demonstrated that corrosion of the reinforcement significantly affected the load capacity of the numerical models, reducing the ultimate load by up to 30%. Furthermore, the increase in corrosion caused an intensification of the cracking of the slabs, indicating that the cracking patterns increased as the degree of corrosion increased. The results obtained by experimental tests and numerical simulations were compared with predictions by the codes Eurocode, fib Model Code, American Concrete Institute 318, FprEN 1992 1‐1, and The Brazilian Association of Technical Standards Brazilian Regulatory Standard 6118. The results showed that most codes generate very conservative results.
Experimental study of stress increase of unbonded tendons in continuous post‐tensioned concrete beams
Authors: Nakari Tarja , Tulonen Joonas , Laaksonen Anssi
Published: January 2025

The prediction of the stress increase Δσp,ULS of an unbonded tendon in a post‐tensioned continuous concrete beam at ultimate capacity is more challenging than when bonded tendons are used. Four continuous two‐span concrete beams, prestressed with unbonded tendons, were constructed and loaded up to failure in a four‐point loading arrangement at the laboratory of Civil Engineering in Tampere University. The test results from the point of moment redistribution were partially published earlier in 2024. This article presents the results of the stress increase in the unbonded tendons of the test beams. Moreover, this article presents a novel nonlinear analysis model, which was employed to examine the influence of the dilatation of the beam's axis of gravity on the magnitude of the additional tendon elongation. The comparison calculations have also been made with a simple beam model from the literature. In all test beams, the stress in the prestressing steel exhibited a significant increase at failure. The effect of beam expansion on the tendon elongation at high loading levels was approximately half of the total additional elongation of the tendon.
Synthesis of methylene crosslinked 25,26,27,28‐tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene resin loading metallic palladium {MC‐[4]H‐Pd(0)}—A candidate of solid‐state hydrogen storage material
Authors: Priastomo Yoga , Higo Rui , Morisada Shintaro , Kawakita Hidetaka , Ohto Keisuke , Jumina Jumina , Arianingrum Retno
Published: January 2025

There has been renewed interest in the development of hydrogen storage technologies. While existing research in this field primarily concentrates on solid‐state hydrogen storage materials utilizing metal‐based inorganic compounds, this particular study sought to synthesize and conduct molecular analyses of a metal‐based organic molecule for solid‐state hydrogen storage. The synthesized metal‐based organic molecule, methylene crosslinked 25,26,27,28‐tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene resin loading metallic palladium (MC‐[4]H‐Pd(0)), exhibited the presence of several significant functional groups, including phenyl rings and hydroxyl groups, as indicated by the results of FT‐IR spectra. The total mass of palladium metals loaded in MC‐[4]H‐Pd(0) was determined to be 7.61%. These outcomes provide compelling support for the continued exploration of metal‐based organic molecules as potential solid‐state hydrogen storage materials.
Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Reference Evapotranspiration: A Comparative Study Using Ground and Gridded Climate Data in Fes Region
Authors: Mustapha Musa , Zineddine Mhamed , Gmira Maha , El Mouhtadi Meryam , Alaoui Ahmed El Hilali
Published: January 2025

Climate data are essential for agricultural planning and water resource management; however, their availability is limited in numerous regions of Africa. Gridded climate data present a potential solution, yet, their accuracy in estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo) remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the performance of gridded climate data in comparison to ground‐based observations for predicting ETo in the Fes region of Morocco. Two machine learning (ML) models, random forest (RF) and long short‐term memory (LSTM), were trained and tested on 10 years of data from both gridded (AgERA5) and ground (in situ) observation sources to assess their predictive capabilities. The results demonstrated that RF outperformed LSTM under fewer input parameter configurations, achieving R2 > 0.70, while LSTM exhibited superior performance across all input configurations achieving R2 > 0.95. However, AgERA5 data consistently underestimated ETo compared to ground observations. This underestimation highlights the need for bias correction to improve gridded data reliability. Addressing these limitations would allow gridded datasets to support better irrigation scheduling, enhance water use efficiency, and reduce crop stress in regions with limited access to localized climate data. This study demonstrates the potential of combining gridded climate data with ML to bridge data gaps, while emphasizing the importance of improving gridded dataset accuracy for practical applications in water management.