bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Acyl Hydrazides and Triazoles as Novel Inhibitors of Mammalian Cathepsin B and Cathepsin H.
Authors: Raghav Neera , Singh Mamta
Published: September 2014

The maximum inhibitory effect on the activity of cathepsin B and cathepsin H is exerted by acyl hydrazine (IIa) and N4‐1,2,4‐triazoles (IVc), (IVe), and (IVf).
ChemInform Abstract: CuFe2O4 Nanoparticle Mediated Method for the Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles from (E)‐Aldoximes.
Authors: Akula Ravi Kumar , Adimulam Chandra S. , Gangaram Sathaiah , Kengiri Raju , Banda Narsaiah , Pamulaparthy Shanthan R.
Published: September 2014

The new method is applicable to a wide range of (hetero)aromatic oximes whereas aliphatic oxime (Ii) gives only poor yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Isonitriles with Dibenzoylacetylene Leading to Furan and Difuropyran Derivatives.
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Feizi Shahzad , Shahzad Shirazi Maryam , Zhu Long‐Guan , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza
Published: September 2014

The reaction of isocyanides (II) with dibenzoylacetylene (I) leads to the 1:2 adduct (III) and 2:2 adduct (IV) under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine‐Promoted One‐Pot, Multicomponent Route to Spiro‐Fused‐Pyran Derivatives in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Rezvanian Atieh , Bayat Fahimeh
Published: September 2014

The primary amine promoted three‐component condensation of ninhydrin (I), malononitrile (II), and various cyclic 1,3‐diketo compounds (III) leads to spiro‐fused pyran derivatives (IV) in high yield.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Fluorotetrahydropyran‐4‐one Derivatives from Homopropargyl Acetal.
Authors: Aaseng Jon Erik , Iqbal Naseem , Sperger Christian A. , Fiksdahl Anne
Published: September 2014

Title compound (V) is synthesized from homopropargyl acetal (III) via Petasis—Ferrier rearrangement/cyclization and subsequent regioselective 3‐fluoro incorporation.
ChemInform Abstract: An Intramolecular Pyranone Diels—Alder Cycloaddition Approach to Cannabinol.
Authors: Fan Fangfang , Dong Jingjing , Wang Jinqian , Song Lina , Song Chuanjun , Chang Junbiao
Published: September 2014

The key step in the synthesis of cannabinol (V) is the intramolecular pyranone Diels—Alder cycloaddition to construct the benzo[c]chromene framework.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidation of C(sp3)—H Bonds Induced by a Radical Cation Salt: Construction of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines Using a Fragment‐Reassembly Strategy.
Authors: Jia Xiaodong , Wang Yaxin , Peng Fangfang , Huo Congde , Yu Liangling , Liu Jing , Wang Xicun
Published: September 2014

The formation of 1,4‐dihydropyridines from glycine ester and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds proceeds under mild conditions via radical cation salt promoted C(sp3)‐H oxidation/C‐N bond cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Aerobic C—H Olefination of Cyclic Enaminones at Room Temperature: Development Toward the Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Benzenes.
Authors: Yu Yi‐Yun , Georg Gunda I.
Published: September 2014

This new and mild protocol for the dehydrogenative olefination of cyclic enaminones uses molecular oxygen as terminal oxidant and is compatible to a wide range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐(Dicyanomethylene)‐1,2‐dihydropyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Bardasov Ivan N. , Alekseeva Anastasiya U. , Mihailov Denis L. , Ershov Oleg V. , Nasakin Oleg E. , Tafeenko Viktor A.
Published: September 2014

A simple protocol for the synthesis of the title species by a domino process between 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and malononitrile dimers in the presence of NaNO2 as base is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines by Iron(III)‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling Reaction of Aldehydes, Amines, and Styrenes.
Authors: Gandeepan Parthasarathy , Rajamalli P. , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: September 2014

The target compounds can be obtained from the premade imines or imines, generated in situ from anilines and aldehydes, with arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Biphenyl‐Substituted Quinoline Derivatives, Preliminary Screening and Docking Studies.
Authors: Shashikumar Nellisara D. , Krishnamurthy Ganganaika , Bhojyanaik Halehatti S. , Lokesh Mayasandra R. , Jithendrakumara Kaginalli S.
Published: September 2014

All new compounds exhibit good antimicrobial, antioxidant as well as anthelmintic activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinoline‐ and 1,8‐Naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylic Acids Using a Self‐Catalyzed Friedlaender Approach.
Authors: Nammalwar Baskar , Murie Maeghan , Fortenberry Chelsea , Bunce Richard A.
Published: September 2014

This approach gives access to the title compounds by simple heating of the starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of N‐Substituted 3‐Arylisoquinolone Derivatives as Antitumor Agents Originating from O‐Substituted 3‐Arylisoquinolines via [2,3] or [3,3] Rearrangement.
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Gaihong , Xu Zhijian , Zhang Yong , Huang Xiangui , Zeng Bubing , Chen Kaixian , Shi Jiye , Wang Heyao , Zhu Weiliang
Published: September 2014

A variety of N‐substituted 3‐arylisoquinolone derivatives are synthesized via [2,3] or [3,3] rearrangement reactions of corresponding O‐substituted 3‐arylisoquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2‐Aryl‐4‐cyano‐1,3‐oxazole‐5‐sulfonyl Chlorides with 5‐Amino‐1H‐pyrazoles and 5‐Amino‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole.
Authors: Kornienko A. N. , Pil'o S. G. , Kozachenko A. P. , Prokopenko V. M. , Rusanov E. B. , Brovarets V. S.
Published: September 2014

The reaction of oxazoles (I) with pyrazoles (II) and triazoles (V) proceeds with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Triazoloquinazolinones via Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Click and Intramolecular C—H Amidation.
Authors: Selvaraju Manikandan , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: September 2014

Optimized reaction conditions are elaborated for the synthesis of triazoloquinazolinones from azides (I) and alkynes via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition followed by intramolecular amidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Expanding Rearrangement of 2‐Acyl‐5‐arylidene‐3,5‐dihydro‐4H‐imidazol‐4‐ones in Synthesis of Flutimide Analogues.
Authors: Baranov Mikhail S. , Fedyakina Irina T. , Shchelkanov Mikhail Yu. , Yampolsky Ilia V.
Published: September 2014

A novel approach to substituted 2,6‐diketopiperazines by a ring‐expanding rearrangement reaction is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: LaCl3·7H2O: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Phosphinates (Michaelis—Arbuzov Reaction) under Neat Conditions and Their Potential Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Golla Madhava , Syed Rasheed , Katla Venkata Ramana , Devineni Subba Rao , Kondapalli Naresh , Chamarthi Naga Raju
Published: September 2014

The catalyst does not loose its significant activity up to three cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Solventless Mechanosynthesis of N‐Protected Amino Esters.
Authors: Konnert Laure , Lamaty Frederic , Martinez Jean , Colacino Evelina
Published: September 2014

Mechanochemical derivatizations of either N‐ or C‐unprotected amino acids are performed in a vibrational or planetary ball mill under neat conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpenoid Saponins from Stauntonia chinensis.
Authors: Chen Yu , Yang Fang , Wang Sha , Wang De‐Bin , Xu Jing , Yang Guang‐Zhong
Published: September 2014

The triterpenoid saponins (I), named as yemuoside YM36 and YM37, are isolated along with eight known triterpene glycosides from the stem of S.
ChemInform Abstract: Lycopodium Alkaloids from Lycopodium obscurum L
Authors: Chen Yu , He Hong‐Wu , Mei Zhi‐Nan , Yang Guang‐Zhong
Published: September 2014

isolation and structure elucidation of two new lycopodium alkaloids, obscurumines F (I) and G (II), along with eleven known alkaloids
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydrothiophene‐Condensed Chromones from a Marine‐Derived Fungus Penicillium oxalicum and Their Structure—Bioactivity Relationship.
Authors: Bao Jie , Luo Jin‐Feng , Qin Xiao‐Chu , Xu Xin‐Ya , Zhang Xiao‐Yong , Tu Zheng‐Chao , Qi Shu‐Hua
Published: September 2014

Oxalicumones D (I) and E (II) are isolated along with the known oxalicumones A‐B and five other known chromones from a culture broth of marine gorgonian‐associated fungus Penicillium oxalicum SCSGAF 0023.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhydroxylated Macrolide Isolated from the Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis mangiferae.
Authors: Ortega Humberto E. , Shen Young Yongchun , TenDyke Karen , Rios Nivia , Cubilla‐Rios Luis
Published: September 2014

The compound shows a minimum inhibitory concentration against listeria monocytogenes and bacillus cereus.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Almorexant.
Authors: Reddy N. Siva Senkar , Reddy B. V. Subba
Published: September 2014

The synthesis of almorexant is realized in 11 steps in 9.7% overall yield, starting from an easily accessible chiral tert‐butanesulfinamide.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Copper‐Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Unactivated Carbon—Carbon Multiple Bonds
Authors: Shimizu Yohei , Kanai Motomu
Published: September 2014

Review: [47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Naturally Occurring Phenolic Sources: Monomers and Polymers
Authors: Lochab Bimlesh , Shukla Swapnil , Varma Indra K.
Published: September 2014

Review: extraction of natural phenolic compounds and their utilization as green polymer feedstock; 619 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Synthesis of Functional Naphthalene Diimides
Authors: Suraru Sabin‐Lucian , Wuerthner Frank
Published: September 2014

Review: [96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Reactions of Organic Halides with Carbonyl‐Type Compounds
Authors: Moragas Toni , Correa Arkaitz , Martin Ruben
Published: September 2014

Review: [recent findings with particular emphasis on the mechanistic interpretation of the results and future aspects of this area of expertise; 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric α‐Hydroxyamination of Carbonyls with N‐Hydroxycarbamates Becomes Greener
Authors: Yu Chenguang , Song Aiguo , Zhang Fang , Wang Wei
Published: September 2014

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Organization of Polar Porphyrinoids
Authors: Babu Sukumaran Santhosh , Bonifazi Davide
Published: September 2014

Review: [recent developments in self‐assembled nanomaterials formed by porphyrin macrocycles bearing amphiphilic and ionic functionalities, 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry with Graphene and Graphene Oxide — Challenges for Synthetic Chemists
Authors: Eigler Siegfried , Hirsch Andreas
Published: September 2014

Review: [149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acid Chirons: A Tool for Asymmetric Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Samanta Krishnananda , Das Sanjit Kumar , Panda Gautam
Published: September 2014

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Well‐Defined Transition Metal Hydrides in Catalytic Isomerizations
Authors: Larionov Evgeny , Li Houhua , Mazet Clement
Published: September 2014

Review: [59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Growing Impact of Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry on the Development of Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Zeng Dexing , Zeglis Brian M. , Lewis Jason S. , Anderson Carolyn J.
Published: September 2014

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Double C—H Activation in Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Non‐preactivated Arenes
Authors: Su Weiping , Zhang Min , Wu Ge
Published: September 2014

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Spirocyclic Scaffolds in Drug Discovery
Authors: Zheng Yajun , Tice Colin M. , Singh Suresh B.
Published: September 2014

Review: [88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavones: An Important Scaffold for Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Singh Manjinder , Kaur Maninder , Silakari Om
Published: September 2014

Review: 304 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence and Removal of Capping Ligands on Catalytic Colloidal Nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Weixin , Hua Qing , Cao Tian
Published: September 2014

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructure‐Controlled Materials for Electrochemical Charging—Discharging
Authors: Moriguchi Isamu
Published: September 2014

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence as a Tool to Study Lanthanide‐Catalyzed Formation of Carbon—Carbon Bonds
Authors: Lin Zhijin , Allen Matthew J.
Published: September 2014

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of MOFs. Part 1. Combined Vibrational and Electronic Spectroscopies
Authors: Bonino Francesca , Lamberti Carlo , Chavan Sachin , Vitillo Jenny G. , Bordiga Silvia
Published: September 2014

Review: use of vibrational and electronic spectroscopies in the characterization of meallorganic materials, such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs); 194 refs.
The molecular background of mucinous carcinoma beyond MUC2
Authors: Hugen Niek , Simons Michiel , Halilović Altuna , van der Post Rachel S , Bogers Anna J , Marijnissen‐van Zanten Monica AJ , de Wilt Johannes HW , Nagtegaal Iris D
Published: September 2014

The increasing interest of the oncology community in tumour classification and prediction of outcome to targeted therapies has put emphasis on an improved identification of tumour types. Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC) is a subtype that is characterized by the presence of abundant extracellular mucin that comprises at least 50% of the tumour volume and is found in 10–15% of colorectal cancer patients. MC development is poorly understood, however, the distinct clinical and pathological presentation of MC suggests a deviant development and molecular background. In this review we identify common molecular and genetic alterations in colorectal MC. MC is characterized by a high rate of MUC2 expression. Mutation rates in the therapeutically important RAS/RAF/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways are significantly higher in MC compared with non‐mucinous adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, mucinous adenocarcinoma shows higher rates of microsatellite instability and is more frequently of the CpG island methylator phenotype. Although the majority of MCs arise from the large intestine, this subtype also develops in other organs, such as the stomach, pancreas, biliary tract, ovary, breast and lung. We compared findings from colorectal MC with tumour characteristics of MCs from other organs. In these organs, MCs show different mutation rates in the RAS/RAF/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways as well, but a common mucinous pathway cannot be identified. Identification of conditions and molecular aberrations that are associated with MC generates insight into the aetiology of this subtype and improves understanding of resistance to therapies.
Quasi‐Periodic Almost‐Collision Orbits in the Spatial Three‐Body Problem
Authors: Zhao Lei
Published: September 2014

In a system of particles, quasi‐periodic almost‐collision orbits are collisionless orbits along which two bodies become arbitrarily close to each other—the lower limit of their distance is zero but the upper limit is strictly positive—and are quasi‐periodic in a regularized system up to a change of time. Their existence was shown in the restricted planar circular three‐body problem by A.~Chenciner and J. Llibre, and in the planar three‐body problem by J. Féjoz. In the spatial three‐body problem, the existence of a set of positive measure of such orbits was predicted by C. Marchal. In this article, we present a proof of this fact.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Tuning of High‐Resolution NMR Probes
Authors: Pöschko Maria Theresia , Schlagnitweit Judith , Huber Gaspard , Nausner Martin , Horničáková Michaela , Desvaux Hervé , Müller Norbert
Published: September 2014

Three optimum conditions for the tuning of NMR probes are compared: the conventional tuning optimum, which is based on radio‐frequency pulse efficiency, the spin noise tuning optimum based on the line shape of the spin noise signal, and the newly introduced frequency shift tuning optimum, which minimizes the frequency pushing effect on strong signals. The latter results if the radiation damping feedback field is not in perfect quadrature to the precessing magnetization. According to the conventional RLC (resistor–inductor–capacitor) resonant circuit model, the optima should be identical, but significant deviations are found experimentally at low temperatures, in particular on cryogenically cooled probes. The existence of different optima with respect to frequency pushing and spin noise line shape has important consequences on the nonlinearity of spin dynamics at high polarization levels and the implementation of experiments on cold probes.
Observation of Unusual Molecular Diffusion Behaviour below the Lower Critical Solution Temperature of Water/2‐Butoxyethanol Mixtures by using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Toyouchi Shuichi , Kajimoto Shinji , Barzan Daniel , Kiel Alexander , Enderlein Jörg , Fukumura Hiroshi , Herten Dirk‐Peter
Published: September 2014

The effect of solute affinity on solute diffusion in binary liquids well below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was studied by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We measured the hydrodynamic radii of a hydrophobic and an amphiphilic fluorescent dye under systematic variation of the relative molar fractions of water/2‐butoxyethanol and, for comparison, of water/methanol mixtures, which do not show phase separation. We found that the apparent hydrodynamic radius of the hydrophobic dye almost doubled in water/2‐butoxyethanol, whereas it remained largely unchanged for the amphiphilic dye and in water/methanol mixtures. Our results indicate that the translational diffusion of solutes is influenced by transient local solution structures, even at temperatures well below the LCST. We conclude that, even far below LCST, different solutes can experience different environments in binary liquid mixtures depending on both the solute and solvent properties, all of which impact their reactivity.
Assessment of DNA Binding to Human Rad51 Protein by using Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Atomic Force Microscopy: Effects of ADP and BRC4‐28 Peptide Inhibitor
Authors: Esnault Charles , Renodon‐Cornière Axelle , Takahashi Masayuki , Casse Nathalie , Delorme Nicolas , Louarn Guy , Fleury Fabrice , Pilard Jean‐François , Chénais Benoît
Published: September 2014

The interaction of human Rad51 protein (HsRad51) with single‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) was investigated by using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) monitoring and atomic force microscopy (AFM) visualization. Gold surfaces for QCM and AFM were modified by electrografting of the in situ generated aryldiazonium salt from the sulfanilic acid to obtain the organic layer Au–ArSO3H. The Au–ArSO3H layer was activated by using a solution of PCl5 in CH2Cl2 to give a Au–ArSO2Cl layer. The modified surface was then used to immobilize long ssDNA molecules. The results obtained showed that the presence of adenosine diphosphate promotes the protein autoassociation rather than nucleation around DNA. In addition, when the BRC4‐28 peptide inhibitor was used, both QCM and AFM confirmed the inhibitory effect of BRC4‐28 toward HsRad51 autoassociation. Altogether these results show the suitability of this modified surface to investigate the kinetics and structure of DNA–protein interactions and for the screening of inhibitors.
What Difference Does a Methyl Group Make: Pentamethylbenzene?
Authors: Mudge Matthew , Ng Boon K. , Onie Catherine Jessica , Bhadbhade Mohan , Mole Richard A. , Rule Kirrily C. , Stampfl Anton P. J. , Stride John A.
Published: September 2014

The crystal structure of pentamethylbenzene has been obtained for the first time with the use of synchrotron radiation, whilst the low‐energy spectrum of lattice dynamics, dominated by the methyl group torsions, was obtained using inelastic neutron scattering. The effect of symmetry lowering by the removal of a single methyl group relative to hexamethylbenzene has been investigated, including the role that this plays in the charge‐transfer characteristics of complexes formed with tetracyanoethylene.
Flexible Coaxial Nanofibers: A Strategy to Realize Tunable and Enhanced Magnetic‐Luminescent Bifunctionality
Authors: Bi Fei , Dong Xiangting , Wang Jinxian , Liu Guixia
Published: September 2014

A new flexible nanostructure of [CoFe2O4/PVP]@[YAG:7 %Tb3+/PVP] magnetic‐luminescent bifunctional coaxial nanofibers is fabricated successfully by electrospinning technology using a homemade coaxial spinneret. The morphologies, structures, and magnetic and luminescent properties of the final products are investigated by modern determination techniques. The results show that the coaxial nanofibers simultaneously provide better magnetic and luminescent properties than CoFe2O4/YAG:7 %Tb3+/PVP composite nanofibers owing to the isolation of the YAG:7 %Tb3+ luminescent nanofibers from the CoFe2O4 magnetic nanofibers. Furthermore, the luminescent characteristics and saturation magnetizations of the coaxial nanofibers can be tuned by adjusting the contents of luminescent and magnetic compounds. The formation mechanism of coaxial nanofibers is also presented. More importantly, the design concept and construction technology are of universal significance for the fabrication of other bifunctional coaxial nanofibers.
Oxygen Permeation Improvement under CO2‐Rich Environments through Catalytic Activation of Hierarchically Structured Perovskite Membranes
Authors: Gaudillere Cyril , Garcia‐Fayos Julio , Serra José M.
Published: September 2014

Catalytic activation of a highly porous La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) freeze‐cast asymmetric membrane has been realized by screen‐printing a 30 μm thick LSCF porous layer over the dense top layer of the asymmetric membrane. Membrane activation leads to a noticeable improvement of the oxygen permeation flux (JO2) in the low‐temperature region (<700 °C), at which catalytic gas exchange is the most limiting process. An enhancement of 54 % in JO2 is obtained (JO2=0.17 mL min−1 cm−2) in air at 600 °C thanks to the addition of the LSCF catalytic porous layer, whereas the maximum oxygen permeation is reached when pure oxygen is fed to the membrane at 1000 °C with a high value of 16.3 mL min−1 cm−2. The most appealing effect of the catalytic layer is its protective feature under oxycombustion conditions, that is, under a CO2‐rich atmosphere at high temperature. Indeed, the oxygen permeation drop in the presence of CO2 is significantly lower in the presence of a catalytic porous layer. Interestingly, the full recovery of JO2 flux after CO2 removal in the sweep flux evidences the absence of a carbonation process. Finally, the stability of the functionalized membrane was evaluated at 850 °C and under a 50 % CO2‐containing atmosphere; this revealed a linear degradation rate for oxygen permeation of 4.27×10−2 mL min−1 cm−2 per day.
Symmetries of migration‐related segments of all [001] coincidence site lattice tilt boundaries in (001) projection for all holohedral cubic materials
Authors: Moeck Peter , York Bryant W. , Browning Nigel D.
Published: September 2014

Utilizing bicrystallography in two dimensions (2D), the symmetries of migration related segments of Coincidence Site Lattice (CSL) boundaries are predicted for projections along their [001] tilt axis in grain boundaries of crystalline materials that possess the holohedral point symmetry of the cubic system (i.e. ). These kinds of “edge‐on” projections are typical for atomic resolution imaging of such tilt boundaries with Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM). Such images from a recently published aberration‐corrected Z‐contrast scanning TEM investigation [H. Yang et al., Phil. Mag. 93 (2013) 1219] and other studies facilitate the direct visual confirmation of our frieze symmetry predictions with experimental results.
Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Secondary Amines: On the Way to Green Reductive Aminations
Authors: Stemmler Tobias , Surkus Annette‐Enrika , Pohl Marga‐Martina , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: September 2014

Amines represent important intermediates in chemical and biological processes. Herein, we describe the use of a nanostructured iron‐based catalyst for the tandem reductive amination between nitroarenes and aldehydes using hydrogen as reductant. The nanostructured iron‐catalyst is prepared by immobilization of an iron–phenanthroline complex onto a commercially available carbon support. In the reaction sequence a primary amine is formed in situ from the corresponding nitro compound. Reversible condensation with aldehydes forms the respective imines, which are finally reduced to the desired secondary amine. This synthesis of secondary amines is atom‐economical and environmentally attractive using cheap and readily available organic compounds as starting materials.
Lead Methylammonium Triiodide Perovskite‐Based Solar Cells: An Interfacial Charge‐Transfer Investigation
Authors: Xu Xiaobao , Zhang Hua , Cao Kun , Cui Jin , Lu Jianfeng , Zeng Xianwei , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: September 2014

This work reports on an investigation into interfacial charge transfer in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells by using anatase TiO2 nanocuboids enclosed by active {100} and {001} facets. The devices show 6.0 and 8.0 % power conversion efficiency with and without hole‐transport material. Transient photovoltage/photocurrent decay and charge extraction, as well as impedance spectroscopy measurements, reveal that carbon materials are effective counter electrodes in perovskite solar cells. The photogenerated charges are observed to be stored in mesoporous TiO2 film under illumination and in the CH3NH3PbI3 layer in the dark. The use of 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐MeOTAD) as a hole‐transport material accelerates interfacial charge recombination between the photogenerated electrons and holes.
Redox‐Initiated Hydrogel System for Detection and Real‐Time Imaging of Cellulolytic Enzyme Activity
Authors: Malinowska Klara H. , Verdorfer Tobias , Meinhold Aylin , Milles Lukas F. , Funk Victor , Gaub Hermann E. , Nash Michael A.
Published: September 2014

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Michael Nash at the University of Munich. The image shows cellulase enzymes digesting cellulose fibers and converting the signal into fluorescent hydrogel, as described in their article. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201402428
Design of novel efficient adder and subtractor for quantum‐dot cellular automata
Authors: Hayati Mohsen , Rezaei Abbas
Published: September 2014

Quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) is one of the new emerging technologies being investigated as an alternative to complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. This paper proposes optimized one‐bit full adder (FA) for implementation in QCA. The fault effects at the proposed FA outputs due to the missing cell defects are analyzed, and the test vectors for detection of all faults are identified. Also, the efficient designs of one‐bit full subtractor (FS), one‐bit FA/FS and four‐bit carry flow adder (CFA) are presented using the proposed FA. These structures are designed and simulated using QCADesigner software. The proposed designs are compared with other previous works. In comparison with the best previous design, the proposed FA has 25% and 26% improvement in cells count and area, respectively, and it is faster. For the proposed FS, FA/FS and CFA, the obtained results confirm that these designs are more efficient in terms of area, cell count and delay. Therefore, the implementation of these designs may lead to the efficient use of the calculative unit in various applications, which may be used as a basic building block of a general purpose nanoprocessor. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BODIPY®FL histamine as a new modality for quantitative detection of histamine receptor upregulation upon IgE sensitization in murine bone marrow‐derived mast cells
Authors: Mirzahosseini Arash , Kovács Marianna , Kánai Károly , Csutora Péter , Dalmadi Balázs
Published: September 2014

Flow cytometry is one of the most widely used methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cell surface expressed proteins by making use of fluorescent specific antibodies. Lacking an antibody validated for flow cytometry, an alternative approach for labeling cell surface receptors is the use of fluorescently tagged ligands. In this study, histamine H4 receptor transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells and murine bone marrow‐derived mast cells (mBMMCs) were selected for studying the possibility of staining individual histamine receptors using BODIPY® FL histamine and selective antagonists. Flow cytometric measurements and supporting calculations showed that BODIPY FL histamine is suitable tool for quantitating cell surface histamine receptors. The binding, and competitive inhibition of this fluorescent ligand were characterized, which were in good agreement with a semi‐empirical model constructed from fundamental protein‐binding relationships. Using this method it was shown for the first time that even though mature mBMMCs express H2R and H4R to the same extent, immunoglobulin E sensitization results in H4R upregulation only, while the surface expression of H2R remains unchanged. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Rapid determination of memantine in human plasma by using nanoring carboxyl‐functionalized paramagnetic molecularly imprinted polymer d‐μ‐SPE and UFLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Qiu Hai‐Wen , Xia Lei , Gong Li‐Min , Ruan Lie‐Min , Zhao Yong‐Gang
Published: September 2014

A novel, simple, and sensitive method based on the use of dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction (d‐μ‐SPE) procedure combined with ultra‐fast liquid chromatography‐tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC‐MS/MS) for the determination of memantine (ME) was developed and validated over the linearity range 0.05–10.0 µg/L with 100 μL of human plasma using memantine‐D6 (ME‐D6) as the internal standard. The novel nanoring carboxyl‐functionalized paramagnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (NR‐CF‐Mag‐MIP) was synthesized by ultrasound‐assisted suspension polymerization, using ME as a template molecule, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, and divinylbenzene as a cross‐linking agent. The NR‐CF‐Mag‐MIP was used as the d‐μ‐SPE sorbent to extract ME from human plasma samples. The obtained results demonstrated the higher extraction capacity of NR‐CF‐Mag‐MIP with recoveries between 97.6 and 101%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for ME was 0.015 µg/L. Validation results on linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, and stability, as well as on application to the analysis of samples taken up to 480 h after oral administration of 20 mg (two 10 mg capsules) of ME in healthy volunteers demonstrated the applicability to bioequivalence studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604
Authors: Cox Holly D. , Smeal Stacy J. , Hughes Cole M. , Cox James E. , Eichner Daniel
Published: September 2014

AOD9604 is a peptide consisting of the C‐terminal fragment of human growth hormone from amino acids 177–191 with an additional tyrosine residue at the N‐terminus of the peptide. It is reported to mimic the lipolytic properties of growth hormone without the diabetogenic side effects. Therefore, AOD9604 may be used as a performance enhancing drug and is banned by the World Anti‐doping Agency (WADA). The peptide is available on several Internet websites and was recently identified in confiscated vials in the USA. To detect abuse of the peptide in athletes, a solid‐phase extraction method was validated in urine with a limit of detection of 50 pg/mL. The method has good linearity, precision (<20%), specificity and recovery (62%). Six potential metabolites of the peptide were identified after incubation of AOD9604 in serum and urine. Quantification of the metabolites in serum identified a single metabolite, consisting of amino acids CRSVEGSCG, which is significantly more stable than the other metabolites or the parent compound. Screening for AOD9604 and the stable metabolite may potentially allow an increased window of detection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and prognostic value of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction by global longitudinal strain in a community‐based cohort
Authors: Russo Cesare , Jin Zhezhen , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Rundek Tatjana , Homma Shunichi , Sacco Ralph L. , Di Tullio Marco R.
Published: September 2014

Aims

Global longitudinal strain (GLS) assessed by speckle‐tracking echocardiography has been proposed as a parameter able to reflect early changes in left ventricular systolic function at a stage when left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is still normal. This study aimed at assessing prevalence and prognostic value of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) assessed by echocardiographic speckle‐tracking GLS in a community‐based cohort.

Methods and Results

Participants from the community‐based prospective Northern Manhattan Study underwent two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography as part of the Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesions study. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed by LVEF and speckle‐tracking GLS. Subjects were followed annually (mean = 4.8 ± 1.5 years) and incident vascular events (ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death) were reviewed and adjudicated. Of the 708 study participants, 114 (16.1%) had abnormal GLS but normal LVEF (GLS‐LVSD), 30 (4.2%) had abnormal LVEF (LVEF‐LVSD), and 564 (79.7%) had normal GLS and LVEF (no‐LVSD). In multivariate analysis, risk of events was significantly greater in GLS‐LVSD [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–4.77] and in LVEF‐LVSD (adjusted HR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.25–9.88) compared with no‐LVSD. Among participants with normal LVEF, lower GLS was significantly associated with events (adjusted HR/unit decrease = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03–1.28) whereas LVEF was not (adjusted HR/unit decrease = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.94–1.07). The GLS prognostic value was incremental to risk factors and LVEF both in the overall population (chi‐square change = 7.406, P = 0.006) and in participants with normal LVEF (chi‐square change = 6.357, P = 0.012).

Conclusion

In a community‐based cohort, GLS‐LVSD was four times more frequent than LVEF‐LVSD. GLS‐LVSD was a powerful and independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Left ventricular function assessment by GLS may improve cardiovascular risk stratification in subjects with normal LVEF.
Concurrent interaction of DCs with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells improves secondary CTL expansion: It takes three to tango
Authors: Hoyer Stefanie , Prommersberger Sabrina , Pfeiffer Isabell A. , Schuler‐Thurner Beatrice , Schuler Gerold , Dörrie Jan , Schaft Niels
Published: September 2014

T‐cell help is essential for CTL‐memory formation. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether the continuous presence of CD4+ T‐helper (Th) cells is required during dendritic cell (DC)/CD8+ T‐cell encounters, or whether a DC will remember the helper signal after the Th cell has departed. This question is relevant for the design of therapeutic cancer vaccines. Therefore, we investigated how human DCs need to interact with CD4+ T cells to mediate efficient repetitive CTL expansion in vitro. We established an autologous antigen‐specific in vitro system with monocyte‐derived DCs, as these are primarily used for cancer vaccination. Contrary to common belief, a sequential interaction of licensed DCs with CD8+ T cells barely improved CTL expansion. In sharp contrast, simultaneous encounter of Th cells and CTLs with the same DC during the first in vitro encounter is a prerequisite for optimal subsequent CTL expansion in our in vitro system. These data suggest that, in contrast to DC maturation, the activation of DCs by Th cells, which is necessary for optimal CTL stimulation, is transient. This knowledge has significant implications for the design of new and more effective DC‐based vaccination strategies. Furthermore, our in vitro system could be a valuable tool for preclinical immunotherapeutical studies.
UPR decreases CD226 ligand CD155 expression and sensitivity to NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in hepatoma cells
Authors: Gong Jiuyu , Fang Liang , Liu Rongrong , Wang Ying , Xing Jinliang , Chen Yibing , Zhuang Ran , Zhang Yun , Zhang Chunmei , Yang Angang , Zhang Xudong , Jin Boquan , Chen Lihua
Published: September 2014

NK cells play important roles in anti‐tumor immunity. CD226 is a major NK‐cell activating receptor, which transduces activating signals after binding ligands CD155 and CD112. Here, we demonstrated that activated unfolded protein response (UPR) attenuated the sensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) to NK‐cell cytotoxicity by decreasing the expression level of CD226 ligand CD155 in HCC. The decreased expression level of CD155 was due to the involvement of the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) pathways. In addition, the IRE1α pathway contributed to the increased expression level of the ER‐associated degradation (ERAD)‐related molecule HRD1 and facilitated the degradation of CD155. Moreover, we found that low levels of CD155 expression were significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Thus, our results provide molecular, cellular, and clinical evidence demonstrating a novel NK cell‐associated immune evasion mechanism, and indicate that targeting this immune evasion pathway may be meaningful in treating patients with HCC.
Electrochemical Activity Studies of Glucose Oxidase (GOx)‐Based and Pyranose Oxidase (POx)‐Based Electrodes in Mesoporous Carbon: Toward Biosensor and Biofuel Cell Applications
Authors: Kwon Ki Young , Kim Jae Hyun , Youn Jongkyu , Jeon Chulmin , Lee Jinwoo , Hyeon Taeghwan , Park Hyun Gyu , Chang Ho Nam , Kwon Yongchai , Ha Su , Jung Hee‐Tae , Kim Jungbae
Published: September 2014

A simple study using a fixed amount of mesoporous carbon (MSU‐F‐C) was performed for the comparison of pyranose oxidase (POx) and glucose oxidase (GOx) in their electrochemical performance under biosensor and biofuel cell operating modes. Even though the ratio of POx to GOx in the glucose oxidation activity per unit weight of MSU‐F‐C was 0.35, the ratios of POx to GOx in sensitivity and power density were reversed to be 6.2 and 1.4, respectively. POx with broad substrate specificity and an option of large scale production using recombinant E. coli has a great potential for various electrochemical applications, including biofuel cells.
A Natural Gas Severance Tax—An Economic Analysis
Authors: Kinnaman Thomas C.
Published: September 2014

This study estimates the economic effects of a severance tax on the market for natural gas produced from shale sources using non‐conventional extraction methods, such as horizontal drilling and fracking. Results suggest that a severance tax of 5 % would increase the price of natural gas by as much as 3.82 % and decrease gas extraction by an estimated 1.16 % to a value of 9.52 %. If applied to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, a 5 % severance tax is estimated to raise between US $443 and $486 million per year in public revenue. The marginal deadweight loss associated with a 5 % severance tax is estimated between 1.27 % and 12.85 % of the last dollar earned. The burden of this tax falls on both producers and consumers and depends upon the underlying assumptions made regarding the price responsiveness of consumers and producers. Under plausible assumptions, a family consuming 1000 MMcfs (≈2.8×104 m3) per year of natural gas is estimated to pay an additional $100 per year after the implementation of a 5 % severance tax.
Impacts of wastewater irrigation on soil andAlfalfa crop: Case study fromGaza strip
Authors: Abunada Ziyad , Nassar Abdelmajid
Published: September 2014

This study was conducted between 2008 and 2009 to investigate the impacts of treated wastewater irrigation on soil and alfalfa crop after 7 years of wastewater irrigation. Beit‐Lahia Pilot Project (BLPP) was initiated in 2003 where alfalfa crop was irrigated with partially treated wastewater form Beit‐Lahia wastewater treatment plant. A control unit irrigated with well water was initiated in parallel for comparison. Soil and alfalfa samples were collected and analyzed for the main physiochemical, fecal coliform (FC), and heavy metals level through the field trial and the applied wastewater quality was also tested. These results were compared with the available data from 2003 to 2007. Results revealed that there is a concern in using treated wastewater under current quality as it negatively impacted the soil physico‐chemical properties. Sodium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity increased significantly by about 160% and 130%, respectively, due to wastewater irrigation (WWI) in both soil layers compared with well water irrigation. WWI caused slight decrease in soil pH in both surface and subsurface soil layers while it increased the soil organic matter content which varied seasonally due to climatic conditions and alfalfa uptake. Slight metal built up was noticed due to wastewater irrigation while metals level remained in the allowable range for soil by the time of this study. Alfalfa metals uptake was within the permissible range. Occasional high FC (900 and 2100 CFU/ml) level was noticed in the applied wastewater did not cause soil biological contamination as the FC level in the soil at BLPP due to wastewater irrigation was almost 260 CFU/g. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 648–654, 2015
Assessment of building energy certification in Spain
Authors: José Gutiérrez‐Trashorras Antonio , González‐Caballín Juan Manuel , Álvarez Eduardo Álvarez , Paredes‐Sánchez Jose Pablo
Published: September 2014

Buildings in Spain represent up to 26.1% of the final energy consumption, making them an important factor in any study of the energy sustainability of the country. This figure indicates that energy savings are possible by taking efficient measures in the insulation of buildings, as well as the systems that provide the energy needed to obtain comfort conditions. The recently approved basic procedure for certification of energy efficiency in buildings makes it compulsory to qualify new buildings as well as second‐hand constructions to be sold or leased. The energy qualification is obtained by quantifying the demand and the final energy consumption of a building.

In this study, we perform a series of simulations using the software CERMA, with a typical domestic building, placing it in different climatic zones of the Spanish territory and analyzing the results. The most significant results are the similarity in the energy qualification obtained in all scenarios with high differences in the energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This analysis is used to determine the most influential parameters to improve the energy qualification of the building. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 784–788, 2015
Adsorption of ammonium from aqueous solutions on environmentally friendly barbecue bamboo charcoal: Characteristics and kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Zhou ZaoHong , Yuan Juhong , Hu Mianhao
Published: September 2014

Environmentally friendly barbecue bamboo charcoal (EFBBC), an inexpensive biosorbent, was successfully used to remove ammonium (NH4+) from aqueous solutions. The effects of contact time, pH, initial concentration, average particle size, biosorbent dosage, and temperature on NH4+ removal were investigated. Biosorption conditions were as follows: contact time, 80 min; pH, 6.0–10; initial concentration, 60 mg/L; optimum particle size, 0.075–0.180 mm; biosorbent dosage, 4.0 g/L; temperature, 30°C. To investigate adsorption mechanisms, pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models were fit to experimental results. Results indicated that kinetic data for NH4+ adsorption were better described by the pseudo‐second‐order model. Also, the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models were employed to analyze equilibrium data. Results indicated that the Freundlich isotherm best represented the data for NH4+ adsorption. Changes in the standard free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were also evaluated: the reaction was spontaneous and endothermic. The EFBBC surface was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray energy dispersive spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. From the results, it was proposed that the adsorption behavior of NH4+ on the EFBBC surface depends on the internal structure and chemical composition, and the results highlight the need to understand specific surface characteristics. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 655–662, 2015
Capillary Filling of Nanoscale Channels and Surface Structure
Authors: Kriel Frederik H. , Sedev Rossen , Priest Craig
Published: September 2014

Nanoscale surface structures and channels are of intense interest for the very high surface‐to‐volume ratios involved. For extremely small systems, it may become difficult to distinguish between bulk and interface as well as their respective effects on the fluid volume. We review capillary filling of nanochannels and wicking in nanoscale surface structures. Both processes are of fundamental importance for the initial filling and successful operation of nanofluidic devices. We conclude that, despite the small scales involved, Washburn’s description of the spontaneous capillary filling of nanochannels is reliable. Similarly, nanowicking follows conventional capillarity theory closely. Nonetheless, open questions remain about the role and significance of line tension, precursor films and contact line pinning. The exact consequences of a diffuse interface or contact line are yet to be fully understood.
The Effect of Saline Irrigation Water on the Yield of Pepper: Experimental and Modelling Study
Authors: Rameshwaran Ponnambalam , Tepe Akin , Yazar Attila , Ragab Ragab
Published: September 2014

The present study investigates the impact of using saline water on pepper crop yield and the application of a numerical model in predicting soil moisture and relative yield under saline irrigation conditions. In the greenhouse experimental study conducted in Antalya, Turkey, the effects of different irrigation regimes with salinity treatments using a drip irrigation system were investigated for two pepper varieties. The irrigation regimes consisted of four irrigation treatments with four salinity levels in two cropping seasons—spring 2011 and autumn 2011. The numerical model SALTMED was used and calibrated using measured soil moisture of a control experiment run during spring 2011. After the calibration, the model was validated using other experimental treatments during spring 2011 and all the experimental treatments in autumn 2011, with appropriate salinity stress parameter π50 values which are calibrated versus the highest salinity treatments in the spring 2011 and autumn 2011 experiments. The predicted results show the ability of the model to reproduce the measured soil moisture at three soil layers 0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm. The predicted relative yield results are in good agreement with measured data. Although the numerical model SALTMED has been used in several studies in the past, this is the first study that illustrates the potential capacity of the model for use in managing greenhouse production. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.