bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of precursor infiltration into polymer thin films via atomic layer deposition and sequential vapor infiltration using in-situ quartz crystal microgravimetry
Authors: Padbury Richard P. , Jur Jesse S.
Published: June 2014

Previous research exploring inorganic materials nucleation behavior on polymers via atomic layer deposition indicates the formation of hybrid organic–inorganic materials that form within the subsurface of the polymer. This has inspired adaptations to the process, such as sequential vapor infiltration, which enhances the diffusion of organometallic precursors into the subsurface of the polymer to promote the formation of a hybrid organic–inorganic coating. This work highlights the fundamental difference in mass uptake behavior between atomic layer deposition and sequential vapor infiltration using in-situ methods. In particular, in-situ quartz crystal microgravimetry is used to compare the mass uptake behavior of trimethyl aluminum in poly(butylene terephthalate) and polyamide-6 polymer thin films. The importance of trimethyl aluminum diffusion into the polymer subsurface and the subsequent chemical reactions with polymer functional groups are discussed.
Transport band gap opening at metal–organic interfaces
Authors: Haidu Francisc , Salvan Georgeta , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Smykalla Lars , Hietschold Michael , Knupfer Martin
Published: June 2014

The interface formation between copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and two representative metal substrates, i.e., Au and Co, was investigated by the combination of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and inverse photoelectron spectroscopy. The occupied and unoccupied molecular orbitals and thus the transport band gap of CuPc are highly influenced by film thickness, i.e., molecule substrate distance. Due to the image charge potential given by the metallic substrates the transport band gap of CuPc “opens” from (1.4 ± 0.3) eV for 1 nm thickness to (2.2 ± 0.3) eV, and saturates at this value above 10 nm CuPc thickness. The interface dipoles with values of 1.2 eV and 1.0 eV for Au and Co substrates, respectively, predominantly depend on the metal substrate work functions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements using synchrotron radiation provide detailed information on the interaction between CuPc and the two metal substrates. While charge transfer from the Au or Co substrate to the Cu metal center is present only at sub-monolayer coverages, the authors observe a net charge transfer from the molecule to the Co substrate for films in the nm range. Consequently, the Fermi level is shifted as in the case of a p-type doping of the molecule. This is, however, a competing phenomenon to the energy band shifts due to the image charge potential.
Feedback control of chromosome separation by a midzone Aurora B gradient
Authors: Afonso Olga , Matos Irina , Pereira António J. , Aguiar Paulo , Lampson Michael A. , Maiato Helder
Published: June 2014

Taking a check on chromosome spacing

Animal cells divide by mitosis. Chromosomes become condensed and congregate on the mitotic spindle in the center of the cell—the midzone. The spindle then separates sister chromosomes, pulling them to opposite ends of the cell, ready to form new daughter nuclei. Afonso
et al.
now show that chromosome separation is monitored by the level of midzone-associated Aurora B kinase activity (see the Perspective by Hadders and Lens). This process ensures that daughter nuclei only reassemble after sister chromosomes have successfully separated.

Science
, this issue p.
332
; see also p.
265
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus cereus
Sensu Lato
Bacteriophage Bcp1
Authors: Schuch Raymond , Pelzek Adam J. , Fazzini Monica M. , Nelson Daniel C. , Fischetti Vincent A.
Published: June 2014

Bacillus cereus
sensu lato
organisms are an ecologically diverse group that includes etiologic agents of food poisoning, periodontal disease, and anthrax. The recently identified Bcp1 bacteriophage infects
B. cereus
sensu lato
and is being developed as a therapeutic decontamination agent and diagnostic countermeasure. We announce the complete genome sequence of Bcp1.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Rare Smut Relative,
Tilletiaria anomala
UBC 951
Authors: Toome Merje , Kuo Alan , Henrissat Bernard , Lipzen Anna , Tritt Andrew , Yoshinaga Yuko , Zane Matthew , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V. , Spatafora Joseph W. , Aime M. Catherine
Published: June 2014

The draft genome sequence of the smut fungus
Tilletiaria anomala
UBC 951 (Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina) is presented. The sequenced genome size is 18.7 Mb, consisting of 289 scaffolds and a total of 6,810 predicted genes. This is the first genome sequence published for a fungus in the order Georgefisheriales (Exobasidiomycetes).
Draft Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strain M30, Isolated from a Chronic Pressure Ulcer in an Elderly Patient
Authors: Huedo Pol , Conchillo-Solé Óscar , Yero Daniel , Martínez-Servat Sònia , Daura Xavier , Gibert Isidre
Published: June 2014

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
is an emerging opportunistic pathogen with an increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
S. maltophilia
strain M30, isolated from a pressure ulcer in an elderly patient.
Genome Sequences of Strain ATCC 29281 and Pin and Northern Red Oak Isolates of Lonsdalea quercina subsp.
quercina
Authors: Ibarra Caballero Jorge , Zerillo Marcelo M. , Snelling Jacob , Cranshaw Whitney , Boucher Christina , Tisserat Ned
Published: June 2014

Two bacteria identified as
Lonsdalea quercina
subsp.
quercina
were isolated from oak trees showing symptoms of drippy blight. Here, we present their draft genome assemblies, as well as that of the type strain of this species. To our knowledge, these are the first published genome sequences of this subspecies of
Lonsdalea quercina
.
Presurgical nasal moulding in a neonate with cleft lip
Authors: Deshpande Anshula , Shah Dixit , Macwan Chirag S
Published: June 2014

The concept of presurgical nasoalveolar moulding (PNM) was developed to improve the aesthetic result of surgically corrected cleft lip. This paper presents the method of fabrication of PNM appliance and the case of a 30-day-old neonate with unilateral cleft lip in whom nasal moulding was performed. Treatment was initiated at 30 days and continued for 60 days after which the surgical correction of cleft lip was performed. Significant improvement in aesthetics and symmetry of the nose was achieved at the end of the treatment.
Ground-state masses and magnetic moments of heavy baryons
Authors: Ghalenovi Zahra , Rajabi Ali Akbar , Qin Si-xue , Rischke Dirk H.
Published: June 2014

In this work, we study single, double and triple heavy-flavor baryons using the hypercentral approach in the framework of the non-relativistic quark model. Considering two different confining potentials and an improved form of the hyperfine interaction, we calculate the ground-state masses of heavy baryons and also the ground-state magnetic moments of single charm and beauty baryons with JP = 3/2+. The obtained results are in good agreement with experimental data and those of other works.
Mathematics that has intrigued me
Authors: Olver F. W. J.
Published: June 2014

I trace the main steps of the first fifty-five years of my career as an applied mathematician, pausing from time to time to describe problems that arose in asymptotics and numerical analysis and had far-reaching effects on this career.

Lecture delivered at Asymptotics and Applied Analysis, Conference in Honor of Frank W. J. Olver's 75th Birthday, January 10–14, 2000, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.

Editors' Note: Frank W. J. Olver died on April 23, 2013. The following text was typed by his son, Peter J. Olver, from handwritten notes found among his papers. At times the writing is unpolished, including incomplete sentences, but the editors have decided to leave it essentially the way it was written. However, for clarity, some abbreviations have been written out in full. A couple of handwritten words could not be deciphered, and a guess for what was intended is enclosed in brackets: […]. Endnotes have been made into footnotes within the body of the article. References were mostly not included in the handwritten text, but rather listed in order at the end. Citations to references have been included at the appropriate point in the text.
TD-DFT calculations of the excited states of metalloporphyrins relevant to organic solar photovoltaic cells
Authors: Agnihotri Neha , Steer Ronald P.
Published: June 2014

The molecular orbital energies and symmetries, electronic state energies and symmetries, and orbital compositions and oscillator strengths for one-photon radiative transitions up to an energy of 4 eV have been calculated by DFT and TD-DFT methods for 15 d0 and d10 metalloporphyrins. Data for both singlet and triplet excited states are reported and used to identify potential candidates for use as photon upconverters by homomolecular triplet–triplet annihilation.
Electroreductive dechlorination of α-hexachlorocyclohexane catalyzed by iron porphyrins in nonaqueous media
Authors: Zhu Weihua , Ni Cui , Liang Lili , Li Junwen , Li Minzhi , Ou Zhongping , Kadish Karl M.
Published: June 2014

Two iron porphyrins, ( TPP ) FeCl and ( OEP ) FeCl , where TPP and OEP are the dianions of tetraphenylporphyrin and octaethylporphyrin, respectively, were utilized as catalysts for the electroreductive dechlorination of α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α- HCH ) which was monitored by electrochemistry, in situ UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry and controlled potential electrolysis in N , N ′-dimethylformamide. GC-MS analysis of the α- HCH degradation products revealed the stepwise formation of pentachlorocyclohexene and tetrachlorocyclohexadiene as intermediates, prior to generation of the final dechlorination products which consisted of an isomeric mixture of trichlorobenzenes. Based on identification of the intermediates and final products in the reaction, an overall dechlorination mechanism of α-hexachlorocyclohexane is proposed.
Did
Dactylioceras
eat fish?
Authors: Paul Christopher R. C.
Published: June 2014

Ammonites that preserve evidence of their soft anatomy or gut contents are exceedingly rare. An example of the Toarcian ammonite,
Dactylioceras
, with tightly packed fish scales in the supposed position of the stomach, plus further scales and three articulated fish vertebrae in the approximate position of the crop, is described. The body-chamber is largely filled with fine sedimentary rock, but shows several thin areas now lined with diagenetic calcite where the sediment was unable to penetrate. These are interpreted as the positions of ammonite soft tissue because they line parts of the body-chamber, which is consistent with the idea that the stomach and crop remained intact long enough for their contents to be preserved in place. Inquilinism is thought unlikely as an explanation because the fish remains are largely disarticulated and packed together in the rear of the body-chamber, but the fish debris could represent food of an animal that sheltered within the dead ammonite shell. Equally, passive fill of the body-chamber with sediment containing fish scales seems unlikely due to the local concentration at the rear of the body-chamber. Possibly this
Dactylioceras
ate fish either as a predator or scavenger.
Lung region and racing affect mechanical properties of equine pulmonary microvasculature
Authors: Stack Alice , Derksen Frederik J. , Williams Kurt J. , Robinson N. Edward , Jackson William F.
Published: June 2014

Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage is a performance-limiting condition of racehorses associated with severe pathology, including small pulmonary vein remodeling. Pathology is limited to caudodorsal (CD) lung. Mechanical properties of equine pulmonary microvasculature have not been studied. We hypothesized that regional differences in pulmonary artery and vein mechanical characteristics do not exist in control animals, and that racing and venous remodeling impact pulmonary vein mechanical properties in CD lung. Pulmonary arteries and veins [range of internal diameters 207–386 ± 67 μm (mean ± SD)] were harvested from eight control and seven raced horses. With the use of wire myography, CD and cranioventral (CV) vessels were stretched in 10-μm increments. Peak wall tension was plotted against changes in diameter (length). Length-tension data were compared between vessel type, lung region, and horse status (control and raced). Pulmonary veins are stiffer walled than arteries. CD pulmonary arteries are stiffer than CV arteries, whereas CV veins are stiffer than CD veins. Racing is associated with increased stiffness of CD pulmonary veins and, to a lesser extent, CV arteries. For example, at 305 μm, tension in raced and control CD veins is 27.74 ± 2.91 and 19.67 ± 2.63 mN/mm (means ± SE; P < 0.05, Bonferroni's multiple-comparisons test after two-way ANOVA), and 16.12 ± 2.04 and 15.07 ± 2.47 mN/mm in raced and control CV arteries, respectively. This is the first report of an effect of region and/or exercise on mechanical characteristics of small pulmonary vessels. These findings may implicate pulmonary vein remodeling in exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage pathogenesis.
Changing the paradigm for myoglobin: a novel link between lipids and myoglobin
Authors: Schlater Amber E. , De Miranda Michael A. , Frye Melinda A. , Trumble Stephen J. , Kanatous Shane B.
Published: June 2014

Myoglobin (Mb) is an oxygen-binding muscular hemeprotein regulated via Ca2+-signaling pathways involving calcineurin (CN), with Mb increases attributed to hypoxia, exercise, and nitric oxide. Here, we show a link between lipid supplementation and increased Mb in skeletal muscle. C2C12cells were cultured in normoxia or hypoxia with glucose or 5% lipid. Mb assays revealed that lipid cohorts had higher Mb than control cohorts in both normoxia and hypoxia, whereas Mb Western blots showed lipid cohorts having higher Mb than control cohorts exclusively under hypoxia. Normoxic cells were compared with soleus tissue from normoxic rats fed high-fat diets; whereas tissue sample cohorts showed no difference in CO-binding Mb, fat-fed rats showed increases in total Mb protein (similar to hypoxic cells), suggesting increases in modified Mb. Moreover, Mb increases did not parallel CN increases but did, however, parallel oxidative stress marker augmentation. Addition of antioxidant prevented Mb increases in lipid-supplemented normoxic cells and mitigated Mb increases in lipid-supplemented hypoxic cells, suggesting a pathway for Mb regulation through redox signaling independent of CN.
Make Your Own Cigarettes: Toxicant Exposure, Smoking Topography, and Subjective Effects
Authors: Koszowski Bartosz , Rosenberry Zachary R. , Viray Lauren C. , Potts Jennifer L. , Pickworth Wallace B.
Published: June 2014

Background: Despite considerable use of make your own (MYO) cigarettes worldwide and increasing use in the United States, relatively little is known about how these cigarettes are smoked and the resultant toxicant exposure.

Methods: In a laboratory study, we compared two types of MYO cigarettes—roll your own (RYO) and personal machine made (PMM)—with factory-made (FM) cigarettes in three groups of smokers who exclusively used RYO (n = 34), PMM (n = 23), or FM (n = 20). Within each group, cigarettes were smoked in three conditions: (i) after confirmed overnight tobacco abstinence; (ii) in an intense smoking paradigm; and (iii) without restrictions. All cigarettes were smoked ad lib through a smoking topography unit.

Results: Plasma nicotine significantly increased after cigarettes in all conditions except PMM in the intense smoking paradigm. Puff volume, puff duration, total puff volume, and puff velocity did not differ between cigarette types but the puffs per cigarette and time to smoke were significantly smaller for RYO compared with PMM and FM. Regardless of the cigarette, participants consumed the first three puffs more vigorously than the last three puffs.

Conclusions: Despite the belief of many of their consumers, smoking MYO cigarettes is not a safe alternative to FM cigarettes. Like FM, MYO cigarettes expose their users to harmful constituents of tobacco smoke. Despite differences in size and design their puffing profiles are remarkably similar.

Impact: These data are relevant to health and regulatory considerations on the MYO cigarettes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(9); 1793–803. ©2014 AACR.
CHFR Promoter Methylation Indicates Poor Prognosis in Stage II Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cleven Arjen H.G. , Derks Sarah , Draht Muriel X.G. , Smits Kim M. , Melotte Veerle , Van Neste Leander , Tournier Benjamin , Jooste Valerie , Chapusot Caroline , Weijenberg Matty P. , Herman James G. , de Bruïne Adriaan P. , van Engeland Manon
Published: June 2014

Purpose: Data on the prognostic significance of promoter CpG island methylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) are conflicting, possibly due to associations between methylation and other factors affecting survival such as genetic alterations and use of adjuvant therapy. Here, we examine the prognostic impact of promoter methylation in patients with CRC treated with surgery alone in the context of microsatellite instability (MSI), BRAF and KRAS mutations.

Experimental Methods: One hundred and seventy-three CRCs were analyzed for promoter methylation of 19 tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes, the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), MSI, the exon 15 V600E BRAF mutation and KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations.

Results: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on methylation status of 19 genes revealed three subgroups: cluster 1 [CL1, 57% (98/173) of CRCs], cluster 2 [CL2, 25% (43/173) of CRCs], and cluster 3 [CL3, 18% (32/173) of CRCs]. CL3 had the highest methylation index (0.25, 0.49, and 0.69, respectively, P = <0.01) and was strongly associated with CIMP (P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis for tumor stage, MSI, and BRAF status showed no statistically significant differences in survival between CL1, CL2, and CL3 nor between CIMP and non-CIMP CRCs. Analyzing genes separately revealed that CHFR promoter methylation was associated with a poor prognosis in stage II, microsatellite stability (MSS), BRAF wild-type (WT) CRCs: multivariate Cox proportional HR = 3.89 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.58–9.60, P < 0.01; n = 66] and HR = 2.11 (95% CI, 0.95–4.69, P = 0.068, n = 136) in a second independent population-based study.

Conclusions: CHFR promoter CpG island methylation, which is associated with MSI, also occurs frequently in MSS CRCs and is a promising prognostic marker in stage II, MSS, BRAF WT CRCs. Clin Cancer Res; 20(12); 3261–71. ©2014 AACR.
Impact of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score on the Success of Endovascular Reperfusion Therapy
Authors: Inoue Manabu , Olivot Jean-Marc , Labreuche Julien , Mlynash Michael , Tai Waimea , Albucher Jean-François , Meseguer Elena , Amarenco Pierre , Mazighi Mikael
Published: June 2014

Background and Purpose—

In acute ischemic stroke patients treated by intravenous thrombolysis, a diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) is an independent factor of functional outcomes. Our aim was to assess the impact of pretreatment DWI-ASPECTS on outcomes after endovascular therapy, with a specific emphasis on recanalization.

Methods—

We analyzed data collected between April 2007 and March 2013 in a prospective clinical registry of acute ischemic stroke patients treated by endovascular approach. Every patient with a documented internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion who underwent an acute DWI-MRI before treatment was eligible for this study. The primary outcome was a favorable outcome defined by modified Rankin Scale of 0 to 2 at 90 days.

Results—

Two hundred ten patients were included and median DWI-ASPECTS was 7 (interquartile range, 4–8). DWI-ASPECTS ≥5 was the optimal threshold to predict a favorable outcome (area under the curve=0.69; sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 38%). In a multivariate analysis including confounding variables, the adjusted odds ratio for favorable outcomes associated with a DWI-ASPECTS of ≥5 was 5.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.86–13.77;
P
=0.002). Nonetheless, the occurrence of a complete recanalization was associated with an increased rate of favorable outcomes in patients with DWI-ASPECTS under 5 (50% versus 3%,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

DWI-ASPECTS ≥5 seems to be the optimal threshold to predict favorable outcomes among patients undergoing endovascular reperfusion within 6 hours. Selected patients with a DWI-ASPECTS of <5 may still benefit when a complete reperfusion is achieved.
Features Predictive of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Hemorrhage
Authors: Sahlein Daniel H. , Mora Paloma , Becske Tibor , Huang Paul , Jafar Jafar J. , Connolly E. Sander , Nelson Peter K.
Published: June 2014

Background and Purpose—

Although there is generally thought to be a 2% to 4% per annum rupture risk for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs), there is no way to estimate risk for an individual patient.

Methods—

In this retrospective study, patients were eligible who had nidiform bAVMs and underwent detailed pretreatment diagnostic cerebral angiography at our medical center from 1996 to 2006. All patients had superselective microcatheter angiography, and films were reviewed for the purpose of this project. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, and angioarchitectural characteristics were analyzed. A univariate analysis was performed, and angioarchitectural features with potential physiological significance that showed at least a trend toward significance were added to a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results—

One hundred twenty-two bAVMs met criteria for study entry. bAVMs with single venous drainage anatomy were more likely to present with hemorrhage. In addition, patients with multiple draining veins and a venous stenosis reverted to a risk similar to those with 1 draining vein, whereas those with multiple draining veins and without stenosis had diminished association with hemorrhage presentation. Those bAVMs with associated aneurysms were more likely to present with hemorrhage. These findings were robust in both univariate and multivariate models.

Conclusions—

The results of this article lead to the first physiological, internally consistent model of individual bAVM hemorrhage risk, where 1 draining vein, venous stenosis, and associated aneurysms increase risk.
Exploring the lived information-seeking experiences of mature students
Authors: Clark Sarah
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this exploratory qualitative study is to gain a clearer understanding of the lived information-seeking experiences of mature students. Such a study is relevant to researchers seeking detailed examinations of mature students’ information search experiences, as well as to reference librarians and information literacy instructors who may wish to refine pedagogy or curriculum in order to help mature students more effectively. This study employed a narrative inquiry design to deeply explore the semester-long information search journeys of two mature students at a regional public university in the state of Oklahoma. Narrative analysis utilizing Carol Kuhlthau's (1991; 1993; 2004; Kuhlthau et al 2008) information search process model uncovered key themes of passion for a topic, time management, the influence of other academic and personal factors on students’ search experiences, and willingness to ask formal or informal search mediators for help. These themes have implications for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand and positively transform the information-seeking process of mature students.
The creation of a university library outreach programme to develop the information literacy of further education students:
Authors: Anderson Lisa , Bull Stephen
Published: June 2014

This paper reports on a library outreach programme offered at a UK research-led university which aims to develop the information literacy (IL) of further education students. It details the programme that is offered and how it has evolved and developed. Some interesting traits and perceptions of pre-higher education students in regard to their IL are discussed. There has been increased demand from schools over the years and the programme has been adapted accordingly. While the programme is intended to benefit students and staff in schools, benefits to the university are also realised. A recommendation is made that this type of activity is rolled out on a larger scale with the participation of other university libraries.
Assessing information literacy programmes using information search tasks
Authors: Leichner Nikolas , Peter Johannes , Mayer Anne-Kathrin , Krampen Günter
Published: June 2014

The aim of this article is to present information search tasks as an alternative to standardized tests for the assessment of scholarly information literacy (IL). The article describes how a task taxonomy and scoring rubrics were developed as a basis for the construction of standardized search tasks. Based on this taxonomy, sample tasks were created and used in an evaluation study in which an IL instruction programme was scrutinised. In this study, the tasks were applied alongside with a standardized IL test to determine their convergent validity. The results show that IL can be assessed using information search tasks in a reliable and conceptually as well as ecologically valid way. To our knowledge, this is the first publication using information search tasks for the assessment of IL with this degree of standardisation. The task taxonomy, sample tasks, and scoring rubrics are included and can be used by practitioners to create information search tasks tailored to their needs.
Musa ruiliensis (Musaceae, Section Musa), a new species from Yunnan, China
Authors: Chen Wenna , Häkkinen Markku , Ge Xuejun
Published: June 2014

A new species Musa ruiliensis, which occurs in Yunnan, China, is described based on morphological characters and molecular phylogeny. It belongs to Musa sect. Musa (former Rhodochlamys) and has close relationship with Musa chunii Häkkinen and Musa rubinea Häkkinen & C.H.Teo. A detailed description, chromosome cytology (2n = 2x = 22) and phylogenetic position are provided.
Taxonomic notes on some Brazilian species of Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888, with new records and description of a new species (Decapoda, Alpheidae)
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR , PACHELLE PAULO P.G.
Published: June 2014

The present report deals with several western Atlantic species of the snapping shrimp genus Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888 occurring in Brazilian territorial waters. Two species, Synalpheus cf. ruetzleri Macdonald & Duffy, 2006 and Synalpheus yano (Ríos & Duffy, 2007), are recorded from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean and Brazil (Ceará) for the first time; S. yano is also newly reported from the eastern Gulf of Mexico and USA (Florida). Synalpheus androsi Coutière, 1909, a distinctive species previously known in Brazil only from a single unconfirmed record, is confirmed to be present in Brazilian waters based on material from Bahia and Espírito Santo. Synalpheus tenuispina Coutière, 1909, a poorly known species from southern Brazil, is redescribed. Synalpheus ul (Ríos & Duffy, 2007), previously known from Bahia and Alagoas, is reported from Pernambuco based on older “Calypso” material misidentified as Synalpheus longicarpus (Herrick, 1891). A new species from the Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutière, 1909 complex is described as Synalpheus maxillispinus sp. nov. based on three specimens dredged from moderate depths (15–55 m) off southern Bahia and Espírito Santo, eastern Brazil. Finally, an incomplete specimen that appears to belong to a species presently unknown in Brazil is preliminarily reported as Synalpheus sp. gambarelloides group. Illustrations are provided for all reported taxa except for S. ul.
Mucha Ozerov and Ortalischema Frey newly recorded from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera, Sepsidae)
Authors: LI XUANKUN , YANG DING
Published: June 2014

Eleven genera and 55 species of Sepsidae were known to occur in China. Here two genera, Mucha Ozerov and Ortalischema Frey, are newly reported from China with the following two new species: Mucha liangi sp. nov. and M. yunnanensis sp. nov. Two species, Mucha tzokotucha and Ortalischema maritima, are newly recorded from China. Thus, there are a total of 13 genera of Sepsidae distributed in China. A key to the species of Mucha and a key to the Chinese genera of Sepsidae are provided.
A redefinition of the genus Hemichaeta Steyskal, new status
(Diptera; Micropezidae; Taeniapterinae)
Authors: MARSHALL STEPHEN A. , JACKSON MORGAN D.
Published: June 2014

We here reconsider the status of subgenus Hemichaeta Steyskal, concluding that there is no justification to keep it in the genus Poecilotylus Hennig. Hemichaeta is thus removed from Poecilotylus and elevated to generic status with Hemichaeta scutellata (Cresson) as the type and only included species. Hemichaeta scutellata is fully redescribed, including the previously undescribed male and female terminalia.
Sources of Atmospheric Moisture for the La Plata River Basin*
Authors: Martinez J. Alejandro , Dominguez Francina
Published: June 2014

The La Plata River basin (LPRB) is the second largest basin of South America and extends over a highly populated and socioeconomically active region. In this study, the spatiotemporal variability of sources of moisture for the LPRB are quantified using an extended version of the Dynamic Recycling Model. Approximately 63% of mean annual precipitation over the LPRB comes from South America, including 23% from local LPRB sources and 20% from the southern Amazon. The remaining 37% comes mostly from the southern Pacific and tropical Atlantic Oceans. The LPRB depends largely on external sources during the dry winter season, when local evaporation reaches a minimum and moisture outflow increases. Variations in the transport of moisture from the Amazon to the LPRB depend more on variations of the atmospheric circulation than on evaporation, at both the monthly and daily time scale. In particular, weak atmospheric flow allows the accumulation of moisture over the Amazon basin, followed by an above-normal release of moisture downwind when the atmospheric flow strengthens again. Water vapor transport with these characteristics was observed for 20% of the days of the summer season during the 1980–2012 period, leading to higher-than-average convergence of moisture of terrestrial origin over the LPRB. During the positive (negative) phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), more (less) moisture from Amazonian evaporation reaches the LPRB. The Amazonian contribution to the LPRB is reduced (increased) during the positive (negative) phase of the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), when surface pressure over southern South America is above (below) normal.
Tropical Cyclone–Induced Thermocline Warming and Its Regional and Global Impacts
Authors: Bueti Michael R. , Ginis Isaac , Rothstein Lewis M. , Griffies Stephen M.
Published: June 2014

Strong surface winds of a hurricane locally cool the surface and warm the subsurface waters via turbulent mixing processes. While the surface cool anomalies generally decay in roughly a month, the warm subsurface anomalies can persist over a seasonal cycle. The authors examine questions related to the magnitude and cumulative footprint of subsurface warm anomalies forced by tropical cyclones during the combined global tropical cyclone seasons, making use of a global ocean model forced by tropical cyclones.

Simulations of the 2004/05 tropical cyclone season are conducted with and without tropical cyclone wind forcing, blended with the daily Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiments (COREs) atmospheric state. Physical characteristics of cyclone-forced surface and subsurface anomalies are elucidated. In particular, the spatial extent and magnitude of tropical cyclone–forced subsurface warm anomalies over the course of an entire season are examined. This analysis permits the estimation of the contribution of cyclone-induced anomalies to the ocean heat content and sea surface temperature, aiding in understanding anomalous meridional heat transport.

Globally, there is a maximum accumulated heat uptake 4.1 × 1021 J, with the greatest regional contributions in the North Atlantic (1.7 × 1021 J), west Pacific (1.5 × 1021 J), and east Pacific (1.7 × 1021 J). An export of heat from the subtropics to the tropics via rapid advective pathways is found, most notably in the west Pacific. These warm anomalies tend to remain in the equatorial band, with potential implications for the tropical climate system.
Autonomous Surface Vehicle Measurements of the Ocean’s Response to Tropical Cyclone Freda
Authors: Lenain Luc , Melville W. Kendall
Published: June 2014

On 31 December 2012, an instrumented autonomous surface vehicle (ASV; Wave Glider) transiting across the Pacific from Hawaii to Australia as part of the Pacific Crossing (PacX) project came very close (46 km) to the center of a category 3 Tropical Cyclone (TC), Freda, experiencing winds of up to 37 and significant wave heights close to 10 m. The Wave Glider was instrumented for surface ocean–lower atmosphere (SOLA) measurements, including atmospheric pressure, surface winds and temperature, sea surface temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence (chlorophyll-a and turbidity), and surface-wave directional spectra. Such measurements in close proximity to a tropical cyclone are rare. This study presents novel observations of the ocean’s response in three quadrants of TC Freda, collected from the instrumented glider. Evolution of the wind, the directional wave field, the sea surface temperature, and the Stokes drift profile (calculated from the wave directional spectrum) as Freda passed near the vehicle are examined. Results are discussed in the context of the recent coupled wind-wave modeling and large eddy simulation (LES) modeling of the marine boundary layer in Hurricane Frances (Sullivan et al. 2012). Processes by which cold nutrient-rich waters are entrained and mixed from below into the mixed layer as the TC passes near the Wave Glider are presented and discussed. The results of this encounter of an autonomous surface vehicle with TC Freda supports the use of ASVs for regular TC (hurricane) monitoring to complement remote sensing and “hurricane hunter” aircraft missions.
Hybridity and Governance Changes in Continuing Education
Authors: Schiersmann Christiane
Published: June 2014

The structure of organizations offering adult education in Germany is extremely heterogeneous concerning factors such as the legal structure, the financial basis, the internal organizational structure, the situation of the staff, the understanding of education or training, the provisions and the target groups, or the position in the field of further training. After giving a brief insight in this situation, this contribution will focus on changes of governance strategies in this field of education. On the macro level, a decreasing influence of the federal government and the Länder level can be shown. Instead of legal regulations, accreditation procedures gain importance. Besides this, publicly funded projects, including European funding, become an important actor instead of continuous public support. On the organizational level, this situation results in frequent reorganization processes and a higher commitment to economic processes. Networking can be identified also as a new governance strategy, which is supported by public financiers.
The Role of Bridging Cultural Practices in Racially and Socioeconomically Diverse Civic Organizations
Authors: Braunstein Ruth , Fulton Brad R. , Wood Richard L.
Published: June 2014

Organizations can benefit from being internally diverse, but they may also face significant challenges arising from such diversity. Potential benefits include increased organizational innovation, legitimacy, and strategic capacity; challenges include threats to organizational stability, efficacy, and survival. In this article, we analyze the dynamics of internal diversity within a field of politically oriented civic organizations. We find that “bridging cultural practices” serve as a key mechanism through which racially and socioeconomically diverse organizations navigate challenges generated by internal differences. Drawing on data from extended ethnographic fieldwork within one local faith-based community organizing coalition, we describe how particular prayer practices are used to bridge differences within group settings marked by diversity. Furthermore, using data from a national study of all faith-based community organizing coalitions in the United States, we find that a coalition’s prayer practices are associated with its objective level of racial and socioeconomic diversity and its subjective perception of challenges arising from such diversity. Our multi-method analysis supports the argument that diverse coalitions use bridging prayer practices to navigate organizational challenges arising from racial and socioeconomic diversity, and we argue that bridging cultural practices may play a similar role within other kinds of diverse organizations.
Serum total bilirubin concentrations are inversely associated with total white blood cell counts in an adult population
Authors: Tsai Wan-Ni , Wang Ya-Yu , Liang Jiin-Tsae , Lin Shih-Yi , Sheu Wayne Huey-Herng , Chang Wen-Dau
Published: June 2014

Background

Several studies have shown that serum bilirubin has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease and that inflammation plays an important role in its pathogenesis. This cross-sectional study investigated whether there was an association between blood total white blood cell count, a simple indicator of inflammation, and serum total bilirubin concentration in a cohort of an adult population in Taiwan.

Methods

A total of 2458 apparently healthy adults (1246 men and 1212 women) who attended health examination at a medical centre in central Taiwan were enrolled. We collected anthropometric measurements, fasting blood test results, lifestyle habits and medical history.

Results

Total white blood cell counts decreased progressively when the concentrations of total bilirubin increased as demonstrated in the total bilirubin quartiles. Both total bilirubin concentrations and total white blood cell counts showed significant correlations with the components of metabolic syndrome, including triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that, for both genders, total bilirubin showed an independent negative correlation with total white blood cell count after adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions

Higher serum total bilirubin concentrations within the reference range were associated with lower blood total white blood cell counts, regardless of other classical cardiovascular risk factors.
The Impact of a Locally Applied Vibrating Device on Outpatient Venipuncture in Children
Authors: Whelan Hilary M. , Kunselman Allen R. , Thomas Neal J. , Moore Jeffrey , Tamburro Robert F.
Published: June 2014

Objective. To assess the impact of a locally applied vibrating device on outpatient venipuncture in children. Method. A retrospective review of survey data collected prospectively as part of a quality improvement project. Both patients and phlebotomists were surveyed. The sample consisted of 64 children aged 4 to 18 years (29 prior to the implementation of the vibrating device and 35 afterward) and 7 phlebotomists. Results. Prior to the use of the vibrating device, 17 children (59%) indicated that they wished something had been done to decrease venipuncture pain. Eighty percent of the cohort that used the vibrating device indicated that they would like it used for future procedures. Children with previous venipuncture experiences appeared to benefit most from use of the vibrating technique. The phlebotomists reported that vibration made the procedure easier in 81% of the cases; none reported that it complicated the procedure. Conclusions. Locally applied vibration appears to be a well-accepted technique to minimize pediatric venipuncture discomfort that may facilitate completion of the procedure.
The dilemmas of a hybrid peace: Negative or positive?
Authors: Richmond Oliver P
Published: June 2014

Hybrid forms of peace represent a juxtaposition between international norms and interests and local forms of agency and identity. A first stage may be tense forms of hybrid politics that maintain structural violence, fail to resolve the contradictions between local and international norms, and reflect the outsourcing of colonial style rule. This could be characterised as, or lead to, a negative form of hybrid peace. A positive form of hybrid peace would have the advantage of having resolved such contradictions through active rather than passive everyday agency. This article examines this range of dilemmas surrounding debates about hybrid peace.
The nature of tolerance and the social circumstances in which it emerges
Authors: van Doorn Marjoka
Published: June 2014

Tolerance entails acceptance of the very things one disagrees with, disapproves of or dislikes. Tolerance can be seen as ‘a flawed virtue’ because it concerns acceptance of the differences between others and ourselves that we would rather fight, ignore, or overcome. However ‘flawed’ a virtue it may be, tolerance may be the only thing that stands between peaceful coexistence and violent intergroup conflict. This makes tolerance a topic of great scientific as well as practical importance. While scholars have systematically studied political (in)tolerance and the closely related subject of prejudice for over half a century now, many conceptual and empirical puzzles remain unsolved. This may well reflect the complex nature of tolerance and the dilemmas which are intrinsic to the idea of toleration. In this article an examination of the paradoxical nature of tolerance is followed by a review of the academic literature and empirical findings on (political) tolerance and its primary sources. To conclude, future challenges for tolerance research are outlined. It is argued that tolerance research would benefit from a stronger interdisciplinary approach: an intergroup relations perspective on tolerance would enhance our understanding of the nature of tolerance and the social circumstances in which it emerges.
Using Noninvasive Brain Stimulation to Accelerate Learning and Enhance Human Performance
Authors: Parasuraman Raja , McKinley Richard A.
Published: June 2014

Objective:

The authors evaluate the effectiveness of noninvasive brain stimulation, in particular, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), for accelerating learning and enhancing human performance on complex tasks.

Background:

Developing expertise in complex tasks typically requires extended training and practice. Neuroergonomics research has suggested new methods that can accelerate learning and boost human performance. TDCS is one such method. It involves the application of a weak DC current to the scalp and has the potential to modulate brain networks underlying the performance of a perceptual, cognitive, or motor task.

Method:

Examples of tDCS studies of declarative and procedural learning are discussed. This mini-review focuses on studies employing complex simulations representative of surveillance and security operations, intelligence analysis, and procedural learning in complex monitoring.

Results:

The evidence supports the view that tDCS can accelerate learning and enhance performance in a range of complex cognitive tasks. Initial findings also suggest that such benefits can be retained over time, but additional research is needed on training schedules and transfer of training.

Conclusion:

Noninvasive brain stimulation can accelerate skill acquisition in complex tasks and may provide an alternative or addition to other training methods.
Uncertainty in Flow Totals
Authors: Dearden Harvey T
Published: June 2014

An approach for estimating uncertainty in a flow total is presented; this is discussed in the context of flow measurement as typically employed in the process industries, but the technique could be used with any integrated measurement.
Must Out of Sight Mean Out of Mind? Levinas, Language, and the Schizophrenic Other
Authors: Fetters Ada
Published: June 2014

Levinas reminds therapists that the loss of words suffered by schizophrenic patients is not mere silence. It is also isolation. If a patient lives in a world for which there are no words, then it is difficult to relate across distance that separates human beings. Sometimes the best a schizophrenic patient can do is present amorphous fragments to a therapist. Instead of concentrating solely on the forms of the words themselves, a therapist should also explore expressed meaning. All words reveal and conceal this meaning, but some words conceal more than others, especially if they are very general. Even now, mainstream psychology holds Karl Jaspers’s view that diagnoses and terms are a necessary template; that we must label schizophrenia and its symptoms in terms of form rather than content because such individual characteristics of the content mean there is no truth in such experiences for a therapist to understand (1913/1997). I contend that Levinas offers an ethical alternative to this rather dehumanizing point of view by reminding therapists that only the Other human being knows the truth of his own individual experience, and this holds true for schizophrenics just as much as for therapists.
Reentering Women
Authors: Barrick Kelle , Lattimore Pamela K. , Visher Christy A.
Published: June 2014

Criminological theories have long suggested that family relationships influence criminal behavior. Yet, little recidivism research focuses on in-prison social ties. Despite evidence that social ties are more important for women, most research has focused on men. Furthermore, little is known about the effect that in-prison contact has on post-release support and what role this plays in the social ties–recidivism relationship. This study seeks to build on existing research by examining the relationship between female in-prison contact, post-release support, and recidivism. Results suggest that in-prison family contact and post-release family support are protective whereas in-prison non-family contact is a risk factor.
Counseling Self-Efficacy
Authors: Meyer Jill M.
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to examine the relationship between counseling skills techniques training and self-perception of counseling skills for graduate level rehabilitation counselors, over a semester course; and (b) to examine whether class platform (on-campus vs. distance) has a significant relationship with students’ self-perception of skills acquisition. The Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE), developed through Bandura’s theory on self-efficacy, was used to evaluate students’ perception of counseling skills. The participants were 39 master’s level students in an accredited rehabilitation counseling program. All participants received counseling skills training and completed the COSE pretest during the first class of the semester and the posttest during the last week of the semester. The results demonstrated significant change during the semester, showing an increase in reported counseling skills over the 16-week time period. There were no differences detected between on-campus and distance education students, demonstrating that the platform of the educational program did not influence outcomes in reported counseling skills in this sample of rehabilitation counseling students.