bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite element analysis of the effect of tibial osteotomy on the stress of polyethylene liner in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sun Lihui , Han Yu , Jing Zheng , Li Dongbo , Liu Jianguo , Li Dongsong
Published: May 2024

Aim

To explore the effects of tibial osteotomy varus angle combined with posterior tibial slope (PTS) on the stress of polyethylene liner in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by building finite element model (FEM).

Methods

Established the FEM of standard TKA with tibial osteotomy varus angle 0° to 9° were established and divided into 10 groups. Next, each group was created 10 FEMs with 0° to 9° PTS separately. Calculated the stress on polyethylene liner in each group in Abaqus. Finally, the relevancy between tibial osteotomy angle and polyethylene liner stress was statistically analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

Results

As the varus angle increased, the area of maximum stress gradually shifted medially on the polyethylene liner. As the PTS increases, the percentage of surface contact forces on the medial and lateral compartmental of the polyethylene liner gradually converge to the same. When the varus angle is between 0° and 3°, the maximum stress of the medial compartmental surfaces of polyethylene liner rises smoothly with the increase of the PTS. When the varus angle is between 4° and 9°, as the increase of the PTS, the maximum stress of polyethylene liner rises first and then falls, forming a trough at PTS 5° and then rises again. Compared to the PTS, the varus angle has a large effect on the maximum stress of the polyethylene liner ( p < .001).

Conclusion

When the varus angle is 0° to 3°, PTS 0° is recommended, which will result in a more equalized stress distribution of the polyethylene liner in TKA.
The European Participation Index (EPI) and inequality: a multi-dimensional cross-national comparative measure of worker participation
Authors: De Spiegelaere Stan , Vitols Sigurt
Published: May 2024

Is worker participation becoming more prominent or less? Furthermore, what is the impact of worker participation on economic performance? This article introduces a tool designed by researchers at the ETUI to help answer these questions: the European Participation Index (EPI), a country-level summary measure of the strength of workers’ voice in companies. The EPI is based on (i) union density and collective bargaining coverage, (ii) workplace representation and (iii) board-level representation. This multi-level index provides an alternative to existing cross-national measures by taking into consideration two levels at which worker participation can take place: the workplace and the board. The article shows first that worker participation has become less prevalent in the EU over the past decade; and second that the EPI is robust and has superior explanatory power in relation to income inequality compared with traditional measures of collective bargaining.
DENV-2 Outbreak Associated With Cosmopolitan Genotype Emergence in Western Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Ribeiro Jessiane Rodrigues , Roca Tárcio Peixoto , Cartonilho Gleense dos Santos , Passos-Silva Ana Maísa , Moreira Hillquias Monteiro , Teixeira Karolaine Santos , da Silva André Luiz Ferreira , Lugtenburg Celina Aparecida Bertoni , dos Santos Alcione Oliveira , Villalobos Salcedo Juan Miguel , do Nascimento Valdinete Alves , de Souza Victor Costa , Roque Rosemary Aparecida , Krieger Marco Aurélio , Naveca Felipe Gomes , Rampazzo Rita de Cássia Pontello , Vieira Deusilene Souza
Published: May 2024

Background:

Dengue virus (DENV) causes an important disease and directly affects public health, being the arbovirus that presents the highest number of infections and deaths in the Western Brazilian Amazon. This virus is divided into 4 serotypes that have already circulated in the region.

Methodology:

Molecular characterization of a cohort containing 841 samples collected from febrile patients between 2021 and 2023 was analyzed using a commercial kit to detect the main arboviruses circulating in Brazil: Zika, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4 and, Chikungunya. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing was performed for positive samples.

Results:

The cohort detected 162 positive samples, 12 for DENV-1 and 150 identified as DENV-2, indicating co-circulation of serotypes. The samples were subjected to sequencing and the analysis of the sequences that obtained good quality revealed that 5 samples belonged to the V genotype of DENV-1 and 46 were characterized as DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype—lineage 5.

Conclusion:

The results allowed us to identify for the first time the Cosmopolitan genotype in Rondônia, Brazilian Western Amazon, and its fast spread dispersion.
Choosing legislative candidates via primaries: The pivotal role of executive incumbency
Authors: Vallejo Agustín
Published: May 2024

How much influence does incumbency have on the way parties nominate candidates? I address this question in the context of Argentina, examining how political parties decide on candidate nomination methods for National Deputies. I argue that holding the governorship creates an imbalanced distribution of resources within a party, leading party factions to lean toward consensus in candidate selection and reducing the likelihood of choosing a primary election. Conversely, when a party lacks the governorship, its provincial party leader may have a weaker influence in deterring primary elections. I also theorize the various situations and resources governors can employ to discourage primary elections, including potential coattail effects, the option of seeking reelection, control over the primaries’ selectorate, and control of the electoral calendar. To test my expectations, I employ a regression discontinuity design, focusing on governors and those who finished as runners-up in lower chamber elections from 1985 to 2023. My findings reveal that governor incumbency decreases the probability of holding a primary election. I conduct further analyses by examining subgroups, considering the governor’s circumstances and the resources I previously theorized as factors influencing primary deterrence. I find that incumbency only deters primaries when the governor and National Deputies elections are concurrent, when the governor is not term-limited, and when they have control over the electorate and the electoral calendar.
The economic impacts of information and communication technologies in the tourism and hospitality industry: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Lin Michael S , Shin Hyejo Hailey , Shin Seunghun
Published: May 2024

Recognizing the pivotal role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in generating economic benefits within the tourism and hospitality industry, this research aimed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the economic impacts of ICTs through a systematic review of the literature published on this topic since 2000. Synthesizing the information shared in 60 articles, this research presents the methodological approaches and identifies that the economic impacts of ICTs can be categorized into performance (financial and operational), operational efficiency (e.g., cost reduction and operation time saving), and market (e.g., popularity and reputation). Furthermore, this research discusses potential directions for future studies examining the economic impacts of ICTs. The present research contributes to the literature by synthesizing knowledge on the economic impacts of ICTs in the tourism and hospitality industry. The findings also serve as a valuable reference for industry practitioners seeking to navigate the extensive body of knowledge in this field.
Anxiety sensitivity moderates the relationship between internet addiction and cyberchondria among nurses
Authors: Mrayyan Majd T , Abu Khait Abdallah , Al-Mrayat Yazan , Alkhawaldeh Ja’far M , Alfayoumi Imad , Algunmeeyn Abdullah , Kutah Ola A , Abunab Hamzeh Yousef , Hamdan Mouna S , Alhabashneh Hala
Published: May 2024

Internet addiction and cyberchondria have a bidirectional relationship. However, no known studies have evaluated the moderating role of anxiety sensitivity in that relationship. The study aimed to determine whether anxiety sensitivity moderates the relationship between internet addiction and cyberchondria among Jordanian nurses. Data were collected from 303 nurses using a web-based survey and convenience snowballing sampling methods using a cross-sectional research design. The Internet Addiction Test and the short version of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale were used to assess internet addiction and cyberchondria. Nurses reported mild internet addiction, low anxiety sensitivity, and moderate cyberchondria. Also, these findings suggested that sensitivity to anxious feelings moderates the relationship between internet addiction and cyberchondria. These findings would help nurses use psychosocial interventions for people with internet addiction and cyberchondria by understanding how their anxiety sensitivity promotes their internet addiction and cyberchondria.
Association Between Institution ZIP Code Characteristics and NIH Funding
Authors: Huebinger Ryan , Coute Ryan A. , Hill Mandy J. , Blewer Audrey L. , Del Rios Marina
Published: May 2024

Introduction. While racial NIH funding disparities have been identified, little is known about the link between community demographics of institutions and NIH funding. We sought to evaluate the association between institution zip code characteristics and NIH funding. Methods. We linked the 2011-2021 NIH RePORTER database to Census data. We calculated the funding to each institution and stratified institutions into funding quartiles. We defined out independent variables as institution ZIP code level race/ethnicity (White, Black, and Hispanic), and socioeconomic status (household income, high school graduation rate, and unemployment rate). We used ordinal regression models to evaluate the association between institution ZIP code characteristics and grant funding quartile. Results. We included 731,548 grants (US$271,495,839,744) from 3,971 ZIP codes. The funding amounts in millions of U.S. dollars for the funding quartiles were fourth – 0.25, third – 1.1, second – 3.8, first – 43.5. Using ordinal regression, we found an association between increasing unemployment rate (OR = 1.03 [1.02, 1.05]), increasing high school graduation rate (OR = 3.6 [1.6, 8.4]), decreasing proportion of White people (OR = 0.4 [0.3, 0.5]), increasing proportion of Black people (OR = 1.3 [0.9, 1.8]), and increasing proportion of Hispanic/Latine people (OR = 2.5 [1.7, 3.5]) and higher grant funding quartiles. We found no association between household income and grant funding quartile. Conclusion. We found ZIP code demographics to be inadequate for evaluating NIH funding disparities, and the association between institution ZIP code demographics and investigator demographics is unclear. To evaluate and improve grant funding disparities, better grant recipient data accessibility and transparency are needed.
Serious Failure Modes After EVAR Are Device Specific
Authors: Abdul-Malak O. M. , Cherfan P. , Liang N. , Eslami M. , Singh M. , Mohapatra A. , Zaghloul M. , Madigan M. , Al-Khoury G. , Makaroun M. , Chaer R. A.
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

Type I and III endoleaks following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) can lead to catastrophic events that require major re-interventions. We reviewed our experience with aortic endograft re-interventions for type I and III endoleaks and other serious failures among different devices.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed patients with a prior EVAR who underwent open conversion (OC) or major endovascular intervention (MEI) (re-lining, cuff/limb extension, parallel graft) for type I/III endoleaks at our institution from 2002 to 2019. Baseline characteristics, procedural details, re-interventions, and outcomes were collected.

Results:

A total of 229 patients (194 men) underwent re-interventions for type I and III endoleaks after EVAR (90 OC, 139 MEI) for devices implanted between 1997 and 2019. Average age at re-intervention was 78±8.5 years. A total of 135 (59%) were implanted at our institution, whereas 93 (41%) were referred. Median time to re-intervention was 4 years with 25% to 75% interquartile range (IQR) of 2.2–6.6 years. There was no significant difference in baseline demographics or type of re-interventions (OC/MEI) between device types. 42/229 (18%) presented with ruptured aneurysms, 20/229 (9%) were symptomatic, whereas the rest presented with asymptomatic radiographic findings. Type 1A endoleak was present in 146/229 (63.8%—72 with proximal migration), type IB in 46/229 (20.1%), type IIIA in 37/229 (16.6%), type IIIB in 15/229 (6.5%), and persistent aneurysm sac growth with no radiographic evidence of an endoleak in 6/229 (2.6%). Devices included most commercial products: AFX, Excluder, AneuRx, Ancure, Endurant, and Zenith. A smaller number of investigational devices accounted for the rest. Type 1A endoleak was the most common indication for re-intervention among all devices except for AFX and ancure devices, proximal migration was a frequent presentation with AneuRx. AFX devices more frequently presented with a type III and ancure devices more frequently presented with a type IB endoleak.

Conclusions:

Serious failure modes after EVAR differ between endografts and occur throughout the follow-up period. This is important to guide targeted interrogation of surveillance studies and follow-up schedules, even for discontinued devices, as well as comparisons between various series and estimation of EVAR failure rates.

Clinical Impact

Surveillance after EVAR is critical for long term success of the repair, understanding of the differential modes of failure of every graft available is important in the longitudinal evaluation of these endografts. Equally important is the understanding of the modes of failure of legacy endografts that are no longer on the market but still being followed, in order to be able to tailor a surveillance regiemn and the evntual repair if needed.
The Effects of Carotid Revascularization on 1-Year Cognitive Performance in Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Ning Yachan , Guo Julong , Pan Dikang , Wu Sensen , Song Lipo , Wang Chunmei , Guo Jianming , Gao Xixiang , Zhang Jian , Guo Lianrui , Gu Yongquan
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The impact of carotid revascularization on cognitive function for patients with severe carotid artery stenosis remains uncertain. This study is aimed to investigate the 1-year neurocognitive outcomes of patients who accept carotid revascularization and identify the risk factors associated with postoperative cognitive decline.

Methods:

From April 2019 to April 2021, patients with ≥70% carotid artery stenosis who were treated with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) were recruited for this study. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) instrument was used to evaluate cognitive function preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Logistic regression analysis was built to identify potential risk factors for postoperative long-term cognitive decline.

Results:

A total of 89 patients who met the criteria were enrolled and completed 1-year follow-up. At 3, 6, and 12 months after carotid revascularization, the total MoCA score, attention, language fluency, and delayed recall score were significantly improved compared with the baseline scores (p<0.05). At 12 months, there was also a significant improvement in cube copying compared with baseline (p=0.034). Logistic regression analysis showed that the advancing age, left side, and symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were independent risk factors for cognitive deterioration at 12 months after surgery.

Conclusions:

Overall, carotid revascularization has a beneficial effect on cognition function in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis, while advancing age, left side, and symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were significantly related to a decreased cognitive score after carotid revascularization.

Clinical Impact

This study focused on the changes in cognitive function within 1 year after carotid revascularization in patients with severe carotid stenosis. Of course, carotid revascularization can improve the cognition function in these patients. On the other hand, we found the advancing age, left side and symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were significantly associated with decreased cognitive scores at 1 year after carotid revascularization, which suggests that clinicians may need to be aware of patients with these characteristics.
Uterine Artery Embolization Versus Hysterectomy in Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fernandez Miguel Godeiro , Coutinho de Carvalho Sarah Fernandez , Martins Bruna Almeida , Santos Felipe da Silva Mota , Neto Fernando Antonio Falcão Paixão , Medeiros Malu Oliveira de Araujo , Bastos Metzger Patrick
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The objective of this study is to perform a meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of uterine artery embolization (UAE) versus peripartum hysterectomy for acute refractory postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) control.

Materials and Methods:

We systematically searched 6 medical databases for studies comparing UAE and hysterectomy in PPH. Outcomes examined were mortality, hospitalization duration (HD) in days, and red blood cells (RBC) units utilization. Statistical analysis used RevMan 5.1.7 and random-effects models. Odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively.

Results:

We included 833 patients from 4 cohort studies, with 583 (70%) undergoing UAE. The UAE population required fewer RBC units (MD: −7.39; 95% CI: −14.73 to −0.04; p=0.05) and had shorter HD (MD: −3.22; 95% CI: −5.42 to −1.02; p=0.004). Lower mortality rates were noted for UAE in the pooled analysis, but no statistical significance. Uterine artery embolization demonstrated lower procedural complications (16.45% vs. 28.8%), in which UAE had less ureter and bladder lesions (OR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01-0.38; p=0.004 and OR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00-0.15; p<0.001, respectively). Only 35 (6%) required conversion to hysterectomy, while 27 (4.6%) underwent re-embolization with 100% bleeding control. Uterine artery embolization did not hinder fertility, with normal menstruation restored in 19 patients with postoligomenorrhea.

Conclusion:

Uterine artery embolization for the control of PPH is associated with lower use of RBC units and HD, but similar rates of mortality are noted when compared to hysterectomy. These results associated with uterine preservation could support its importance for refractory PPH management.

Clinical Impact

Uterine Artery Embolization is associated with a shorter hospitalization duration and reduced use of red blood cell units when compared with hysterectomy in refractory postpartum hemorrhage. Although demonstrating similar mortality rates, these findings, together with fertility preservation, support the method incorporation as a valuable option in obstetric services.
Transarterial Embolisation of Abdominal Aortic Type II Endoleaks Accessed via the Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Anning Naomi , Weeratunga Senali , Wang Yunyi , De Boo Diederick Willem , Puttaswamy Vikram
Published: May 2024

We report our technique and experience treating 3 patients with native abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) sac expansion following EVAR, who were managed with transarterial embolisation via the deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA). In this case series, we demonstrate that transarterial embolisation via the DCIA is a feasible and safe treatment option. The DCIA should be routinely interrogated with angiography as not only a cause of possible Type II endoleak, but also to identify a potential access route to the abdominal aortic sac for interventional treatment.
Health-Related Benefits and Adherence for Multiple Short Bouts of Aerobic Physical Activity Among Adults
Authors: Brown Nashira I. , Henderson Jazmin , Stern Marilyn , Carson Tiffany L.
Published: May 2024

Most adults do not adhere to established aerobic physical activity (PA) guidelines due in part to various barriers. PA snacks, or periodic short bouts of activity (<10 minutes) offer a potential strategy to overcoming such barriers and increasing PA. Previous efforts have been focused on eliciting the health benefits of PA and exercise snacks, yet adherence to this concept has not been examined. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature assessing adherence to PA snacks and health-related outcomes associated with PA snacks. PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched for literature published between January 2018-September 2023. Studies investigating adherence and/or the health-related outcomes of PA snacks were included. Of 4201 articles identified, 12 studies were included in the review. Most of the studies were randomized (n = 10), focused on adults with a chronic disease/life-long condition or exhibited a sedentary lifestyle (n = 8), and reported positive health outcomes (n = 12; e.g., improvements in cardiometabolic markers and body composition). Five studies reported adherence to supervised and unsupervised PA snack interventions, with high rates ≥92%. This review supports and extends the previously reported health-related benefits of PA snacks. It also shows promise for increasing overall PA and adherence to the PA guidelines.
Physical Activity in Natural Settings: An Opportunity for Lifestyle Medicine
Authors: Maddock Jay E. , Frumkin Howard
Published: May 2024

Physical activity is a well-known behavior for promoting health and preventing a variety of chronic diseases. Despite widespread knowledge of the benefits of physical activity, most Americans do not engage in sufficient physical activity. Over the past decade, there has been increasing recognition of the health benefits of spending time in nature, mediated in part through physical activity. This has led to new partnerships across health, parks and recreation, public lands, and environmental organizations to increase time spent, and physical activity, in natural settings. This review assesses the current evidence around physical activity in natural settings (PANS), strategies for promoting PANS including health professional engagement, and current gaps in the research literature.
Spontaneous healing of hypertrophic pseudoarthrosis of pediatric mid shaft ulna with elastic stable intramedullary nailing in situ: A case report
Authors: Bhattarai Ashbin , Subedi Dipendra , Bhandari Jyotsna , Homagain Sushan , Paudel Suruchi , Ghimire Jeevan
Published: May 2024

Forearm fractures are the most common type of fractures in pediatric age. As children have excellent healing potential, fracture nonunion is a very uncommon complication. Elastic intramedullary nailing, a minimally invasive technique, is an excellent treatment modality for the unstable forearm shaft fractures in children, which can seldom lead to nonunion. Here, we present a case of hypertrophic pseudoarthrosis of mid shaft of ulna in a 13-year-old male, which healed spontaneously with elastic stable intramedullary nailing in situ.
First presentation of Graves’ thyroid storm complicated by catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: A case report
Authors: Abbas Aymen , Almarzooqi Noura , Harhara Thana
Published: May 2024

Catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is a rare and severe subtype of antiphospholipid syndrome with multisystemic organ failure due to thromboembolic events, resulting in high mortality rates. The association between catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and autoimmune thyroid diseases is rarely reported in the literature. We report a case of a 35-year-old previously healthy female with Graves’ thyroid storm, positive lupus antibodies, and probable catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Her hospital course was complicated by extensive venous thromboembolism, superior vena cava syndrome, thromboembolic strokes, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Eventually, this led to an unfortunate death secondary to profound shock after 8 days despite emergent treatment. Our case report discusses the link between autoimmune thyroid disorders and catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. We emphasize the difficulty in diagnosing catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in extremely ill patients and stress the significance of considering it as a possible cause in thyrotoxicosis patients with multiple organ failure and hypercoagulability. Early recognition and prompt management are crucial in improving outcomes in these patients.
The Effects of Learning Style-Based Differentiated Instructional Activities on Academic Achievement and Learning Retention in the Social Studies Course
Authors: Taş Halil , Minaz Muhammet Baki
Published: May 2024

Today, individuals should adapt themselves to the rapidly changing and developing information age and have learning skills. It is only possible by adopting new approaches and strategies instead of traditional teaching methods and techniques. Different learning and teaching approaches are characterized by various methods and designs, such as differentiated instruction. The primary purpose of differentiated instruction is to employ teaching activities depending on students’ learning styles and interests. This study aimed to determine the effect of learning style-based differentiated instructional activities on 4th-grade students’ academic achievement and learning retention in the social studies course. This study draws attention to the differences between differentiated teaching activities based on learning style and traditional teaching practices and proposes practical solutions for effective social studies teaching. In this study used a quasi-experimental model with pretest-posttest control group designs. The study group consisted of 62 4th-grade primary school students. The experimental group completed learning style-based differentiated instructional activities in the study, while traditional teaching methods were used in the control group. The data were collected with an academic achievement test and interview forms developed by the researchers. The quantitative data were analyzed using arithmetic means, frequency, independent group t-test, and dependent group t-test, and the qualitative data obtained from interviews were examined using descriptive and content analysis approaches. A significant difference was found in the experimental group students’ academic achievement in the social studies course, in which learning style-based differentiated instructional activities were applied. There was a significant difference in the retention scores between the experimental group, in which learning style-based differentiated instructional activities were applied, and the control group, in which the traditional teaching methods were preferred. The difference was in favor of the experimental group. Learning style-based differentiated instructional activities allowed students to participate in the activities actively, facilitated classroom management, and offered an entertaining and well-prepared learning atmosphere where individual differences and learning paces are welcomed. The teacher-centered teaching approach based on traditional methods and the direct transfer of information to students should be replaced with student-centered approaches responsive to learning styles, individual differences, interests, and potentials. Social Studies Course Curriculum and educational materials should be enriched with differentiated instructional activities. Social Studies Course Curriculum and materials (e.g., textbooks, lesson plans, and printed materials) should be enriched with differentiated instructional activities.
Differences Among Korean Women Attending Women’s Schools and Coed Schools: Gender Identity and Perception of Workplace Culture for Women
Authors: Park Hee Sun , Ulusoy Ezgi , Lee Hye Eun , Kim Mikyoung
Published: May 2024

By looking at the relationship between workplace culture and gender identity, this research examines ways to potentially improve women’s satisfaction and perceptions of female workers in this presently disadvantageous work environment in Korea. Drawing from previous criticism for having prioritized inter-group processes over particular social identities, this research uses Social Identity Theory as the main theoretical framework in two studies to structure the factors affecting workplace environment, specifically workplace culture for women and working women’s satisfaction with communication. The first study applies intra-group analysis to examine the impact that the gender composition of a school has on gender identity, and it examines the relationship between organizational gender composition and women’s perceptions of workplace culture by employing an experiment within a survey, which contains scenarios of an imaginary workplace, to Korean female college students ( n = 439). The results demonstrate women attending women’s colleges displayed stronger gender identity than those attending co-ed colleges on two dimensions of gender identity: in-group ties and centrality. The second study surveys Korean female workers ( n = 171) to examine the same relationships while more deeply looking into the effects of gender composition of the workplace on women’s satisfaction with communication. The main finding shows that for a sex-integrated organization, women who attended women’s colleges denoted higher communication satisfaction with supervisors and same-sex coworkers than women who attended coed colleges. Implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed.
Alliance or Association? Exploring the Effect of Work–Family Balance on Workplace Well-being, and the Mediating Effect of Work Attitudes
Authors: Momin Mujtaba , Rolla Krishna Priya
Published: May 2024

Organizations have come to realize the significance of workplace well-being (WWB) for their existence and progression. This article substantiates the association of work–family balance (WFB) with WWB, while job satisfaction (JS), work engagement (WE) and turnover intent (TI) were studied as mediators to this primal association. The data was obtained in two phases, wherein at the end of the second phase, the authors gathered responses from 346 full-time employees, using a structured research tool. The study adopted a mediated structural equation model to examine the theoretical construct and its hypothesised relationships. The findings supported the hypothesized positive association between WFB and WWB, and a direct relationship of these focal variables was more magnified and pronounced than when mediated. The study revealed a significant mediation effect of work attitudes that is, JS and WE on the outcome variable: WWB; though, counterintuitively, turnover intent remained passive. Our research emphasizes the need to foster work– family culture for creating workplace happiness. The study further accentuates the body of knowledge that the association between these two focal variables also aids in making an immersive and engaged employee.
Dalit Women’s Subsistence: Covert and Overt Marginalization in the COVID-19 Pandemic Times of India
Authors: Aarthimeena S  , Subbulakshmi M.
Published: May 2024

People in the marginalized category struggle to establish a standard subsistence and maintain a quality of living. The relentless waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns were met by their vulnerabilities and insecurities. Dalit women from the most underprivileged groups often have less access to essential services such as healthcare and sanitation and are exposed to health hazards and diseases. The marginalization experienced by Dalit women during the pandemic has serious implications for their well-being and livelihoods. However, this is influenced by societal and political pressures from multiple dimensions and Dalit women face this because of their caste. Dalits, who have long suffered from social exclusion due to untouchability practices, suffer from a second form of social isolation and alienation due to COVID-19, making them the victims of double exclusion. Dalit women experienced a loss of means of subsistence and more sexual and physical harassment during the COVID-19 outbreak. In these challenging times, it is critical to observe and examine both the surface-level concerns and profound problems that Dalit women experience. By doing this, we can seek to achieve sustainable solutions that prioritize the well-being of minority communities.
Concurrent Craniosynostosis and Positional Plagiocephaly: A Scoping Review
Authors: Daly Gwendolyn E. , Ferrin Peter , Carboy Jourdan A. , Howell Lori K. , Selden Nathan R. , Wolfswinkel Erik M.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Craniosynostosis and positional plagiocephaly (PP) both lead to deformities of the infant skull. In some cases, patients may present with concurrent craniosynostosis and PP. The forces exerted on the skull by both conditions can complicate and delay correct diagnosis and require adjustments to surgical planning.

Objective:

The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and analyze the existing peer-reviewed literature covering the diagnosis and treatment of concurrent craniosynostosis and PP.

Design:

In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched for articles discussing concurrent diagnoses of craniosynostosis and PP.

Results:

Out of 633 articles discovered, 7 met inclusion criteria and discussed a cumulative total of 10 patients. The average age of referral to a craniofacial team was 17 ± 22.2 months. The most common reason for referral was craniofacial asymmetry (90%, n = 9). 40% presented with unilateral coronal synostosis (n = 4), 40% with lambdoid synostosis (n = 4), 10% with sagittal synostosis (n = 1), and 10% with metopic synostosis (n = 1). The most commonly reported clinical features were occipital flattening (90%, n = 9), ear displacement (80%, n = 8), and frontal bossing (30%, n = 3). Delayed or incorrect initial diagnosis was noted in 70% (n = 7) of patients. CT scan was the most commonly employed diagnostic tool, utilized in 100% of patients. 70% of patients (n = 7) underwent surgery at an average age of 6.75 ± 3 months. Two studies, accounting for 2 patients reported, noted altering their surgical technique to account for PP in addition to the synostotic suture.

Conclusions:

Coincident craniosynostosis and PP can pose a complicated diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. An in-depth understanding of the most reliable physical exam findings associated with each type of craniosynostosis combined with PP will facilitate accurate diagnosis. Consideration of the concurrent forces on the skull created by craniosynostosis and PP aid in the design of a tailored surgical plan.
Isolated Finding of Acalvaria in a Newborn Infant
Authors: Killingsworth Jordan , Abdullah Evan , Rostane Ikram , Patel Shreeya , Jenkins Colin , Graham Brittany , Pandey Rajesh , Greives Matthew
Published: May 2024

Acalvaria is a rare congenital malformation of unknown etiopathogenesis that affects the development of the skull and surrounding muscular structures. There is scant literature regarding the pathophysiology, and no standardized guidelines exist for patient management. Herein, we present a case of acalvaria in a newborn and our multidisciplinary approach from diagnosis to 1 year of age.
Stepping into the Future of Project Studies: Establishing the PMJ College for Early Career Researchers in Project Studies
Authors: Geraldi Joana , Locatelli Giorgio , Söderlund Jonas
Published: May 2024

With the support of the Project Management Institute (PMI), we are excited to launch the PMJ College, a global, cross-journal initiative to nurture future leading academics in project studies. The initiative is important now, as academia struggles to attract and retain talent, yet really needs academics. Society requires good projects and project management to survive and hence also a vibrant academic project ecology to extend knowledge and help project practice. The PMJ College aims to attract, retain, and help early career academics through a series of workshops and mentorship, fostering passionate and engaged scholarship. Applications are open, and its process is described in this editorial.
Biological response to Przewalski’s horse reintroduction in native desert grasslands: a case study on the spatial analysis of ticks
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Jiawei , Zhang Ke , Wang Anqi , Sailikebieke Duishan , Zhang Zexin , Ao Tegen , Yan Liping , Zhang Dong , Li Kai , Huang Heqing
Published: May 2024

Background

Reintroduction represents an effective strategy for the conservation of endangered wildlife, yet it might inadvertently impact the native ecosystems. This investigation assesses the impact of reintroducing endangered Przewalski's horses into the desert grassland ecosystem of the Kalamaili Nature Reserve (KNR), particularly its effect on the spatial distribution of ticks. In a 25 km2 core area of Przewalski's horse distribution, we set up 441 tick sampling sites across diverse habitats, including water sources, donkey trails, and grasslands, recording horse feces and characteristics to analyze the occurrence rate of ticks. Additionally, we gathered the data of 669 fresh feces of horses. To evaluate the spatial dynamics between these feces and ticks, we used methods such as Fixed Kernel Estimation (FKE), Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation index, and Generalized Linear Models (GLM).

Results

The dominant species of ticks collected in the core area were adult Hyalomma asiaticum (91.36%). Their occurrence rate was higher near donkey trails (65.99%) and water sources (55.81%), particularly in areas with the fresh feces of Przewalski's horses. The ticks’ three risk areas, as defined by FKE, showed significant overlap and positive correlation with the distribution of Przewalski's horses, with respective overlap rates being 90.25% in high risk, 33.79% in medium risk, and 23.09% in low risk areas. Moran's I analysis revealed a clustering trend of the fresh feces of Przewalski's horses in these areas. The GLM confirmed a positive correlation between the distribution of H. asiaticum and the presence of horse fresh feces, alongside a negative correlation with the proximity to water sources and donkey trails.

Conclusions

This study reveals the strong spatial correlation between Przewalski's horses and H. asiaticum in desert grasslands, underlining the need to consider interspecific interactions in wildlife reintroductions. The findings are crucial for shaping effective strategies of wildlife conservation and maintaining ecological balance.
Comparative genomic analyses provide insight into the pathogenicity of three Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains from Anhui Province, China
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhang Yiju , Chen Rui , Zhang Lei , Fu Min , Zhang Lixin
Published: May 2024

Background

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is an important bacterial plant pathogen that causes severe damage to the kiwifruit industry worldwide. Three Psa strains were recently obtained from different kiwifruit orchards in Anhui Province, China. The present study mainly focused on the variations in virulence and genome characteristics of these strains based on the pathogenicity assays and comparative genomic analyses.

Results

Three strains were identified as biovar 3 (Psa3), along with strain QSY6 showing higher virulence than JZY2 and YXH1 in pathogenicity assays. The whole genome assembly revealed that each of the three strains had a circular chromosome and a complete plasmid. The chromosome sizes ranged from 6.5 to 6.6 Mb with a GC content of approximately 58.39 to 58.46%, and a predicted number of protein-coding sequences ranging from 5,884 to 6,019. The three strains clustered tightly with 8 Psa3 reference strains in terms of average nucleotide identity (ANI), whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis, and pangenome analysis, while they were evolutionarily distinct from other biovars (Psa1 and Psa5). Variations were observed in the repertoire of effectors of the type III secretion system among all 15 strains. Moreover, synteny analysis of the three sequenced strains revealed eight genomic regions containing 308 genes exclusively present in the highly virulent strain QSY6. Further investigation of these genes showed that 16 virulence-related genes highlight several key factors, such as effector delivery systems (type III secretion systems) and adherence (type IV pilus), which might be crucial for the virulence of QSY6.

Conclusion

Three Psa strains were identified and showed variant virulence in kiwifruit plant. Complete genome sequences and comparative genomic analyses further provided a theoretical basis for the potential pathogenic factors responsible for kiwifruit bacterial canker.
GNUV201, a novel human/mouse cross-reactive and low pH-selective anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Kim Hae-Mi , Kim Kyoung-Jin , Lee Kwanghyun , Yoon Myeong Jin , Choih Jenny , Hong Tae-Joon , Cho Eun Ji , Jung Hak-Jun , Kim Jayoung , Park Ji Soo , Na Hye Young , Heo Yong-Seok , Park Chae Gyu , Park Heungrok , Han Sungho , Bae Donggoo
Published: May 2024

Background

Several PD-1 antibodies approved as anti-cancer therapies work by blocking the interaction of PD-1 with its ligand PD-L1, thus restoring anti-cancer T cell activities. These PD-1 antibodies lack inter-species cross-reactivity, necessitating surrogate antibodies for preclinical studies, which may limit the predictability and translatability of the studies.

Results

To overcome this limitation, we have developed an inter-species cross-reactive PD-1 antibody, GNUV201, by utilizing an enhanced diversity mouse platform (SHINE MOUSE™). GNUV201 equally binds to human PD-1 and mouse PD-1, equally inhibits the binding of human PD-1/PD-L1 and mouse PD-1/PD-L1, and effectively suppresses tumor growth in syngeneic mouse models. The epitope of GNUV201 mapped to the “FG loop” of hPD-1, distinct from those of Keytruda® (“C’D loop”) and Opdivo® (N-term). Notably, the structural feature where the protruding epitope loop fits into GNUV201’s binding pocket supports the enhanced binding affinity due to slower dissociation (8.7 times slower than Keytruda®). Furthermore, GNUV201 shows a stronger binding affinity at pH 6.0 (5.6 times strong than at pH 7.4), which mimics the hypoxic and acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). This phenomenon is not observed with marketed antibodies (Keytruda®, Opdivo®), implying that GNUV201 achieves more selective binding to and better occupancy on PD-1 in the TME.

Conclusions

In summary, GNUV201 exhibited enhanced affinity for PD-1 with slow dissociation and preferential binding in TME-mimicking low pH. Human/monkey/mouse inter-species cross-reactivity of GNUV201 could enable more predictable and translatable efficacy and toxicity preclinical studies. These results suggest that GNUV201 could be an ideal antibody candidate for anti-cancer drug development.
A multilevel investigation to reveal the regulatory mechanism of lignin accumulation in juice sac granulation of pomelo
Authors: Liu Luning , Chen Yiran , Wu Weilin , Chen Qiuyou , Tian Zhijiao , Huang Jiakang , Ren Huaqing , Zhang Jiacheng , Du Xi , Zhuang Mulai , Wang Ping
Published: May 2024

Granulation of juice sacs is a physiological disorder, which affects pomelo fruit quality. Here, the transcriptome and ubiquitinome of the granulated juice sacs were analyzed in Guanxi pomelo. We found that lignin accumulation in the granulated juice sacs was regulated at transcription and protein modification levels. In transcriptome data, we found that the genes in lignin biosynthesis pathway and antioxidant enzyme system of the granulated juice sacs were significantly upregulated. However, in ubiquitinome data, we found that ubiquitinated antioxidant enzymes increased in abundance but the enzyme activities decreased after the modification, which gave rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents in granulated juice sacs. This finding suggests that ubiquitination level of the antioxidant enzymes is negatively correlated with the enzyme activities. Increased H2O2 is considered to be a signaling molecule to activate the key gene expressions in lignin biosynthesis pathway, which leads to the lignification in granulated juice sacs of pomelo. This regulatory mechanism in juice sac granulation of pomelo was further confirmed through the verification experiment using tissue culture by adding H2O2 or dimethylthiourea (DMTU). Our findings suggest that scavenging H2O2 and other ROS are important for reducing lignin accumulation, alleviating juice sac granulation and improving pomelo fruit quality.
Differences in provider approach to initiating and titrating guideline directed medical therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Cordwin David J. , Guidi Jessica , Alhashimi Lana , Hummel Scott L. , Koelling Todd M. , Dorsch Michael P.
Published: May 2024

Background

Despite the strong evidence supporting guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), prescription rates in clinical practice are still lacking.

Methods

A survey containing 20 clinical vignettes of patients with HFrEF was answered by a national sample of 127 cardiologists and 68 internal/family medicine physicians. Each vignette had 4–5 options for adjusting GDMT and the option to make no medication changes. Survey respondents could only select one option. For analysis, responses were dichotomized to the answer of interest.

Results

Cardiologists were more likely to make GDMT changes than general medicine physicians (91.8% vs. 82.0%; OR 1.84 [1.07–3.19]; p = 0.020). Cardiologists were more likely to initiate beta-blockers (46.3% vs. 32.0%; OR 2.38 [1.18–4.81], p = 0.016), angiotensin receptor blocker/neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) (63.8% vs. 48.1%; OR 1.76 [1.01–3.09], p = 0.047), and hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate (HYD/ISDN) (38.2% vs. 23.7%; OR 2.47 [1.48–4.12], p < 0.001) compared to general medicine physicians. No differences were found in initiating angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEi/ARBs), initiating mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA), sodium-glucose transporter protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, digoxin, or ivabradine.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate cardiologists were more likely to adjust GDMT than general medicine physicians. Future focus on improving GDMT prescribing should target providers other than cardiologists to improve care in patients with HFrEF.
Association between pulse pressure and carotid plaques in old adults with uncontrolled hypertension: results from a community-based screening in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Yu Zhecong , Yang Haifeng , Shou Biqi , Cheng Zongxue , Jiang Caixia , Xu Jue
Published: May 2024

Background

There is a broad pulse pressure (PP) and a high prevalence of carotid plaques in old adults. Previous studies have indicated that PP is strongly associated with carotid plaque formation. This study aimed to explore this association in old adults with uncontrolled hypertension.

Methods

1371 hypertensive patients aged ≥ 60 years with uncontrolled hypertension were enrolled in a community-based screening in Hangzhou, China. Carotid plaques were assessed using ultrasonography. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between PP and carotid plaques by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Carotid plaques were detected in 639 (46.6%) of subjects. Multiple plaques were found in 408 (63.8%) and soft plaques in 218 (34.1%). Elevated PP was associated with a high prevalence of carotid plaques. After adjusting for traditional risk factors, compared to patients within the lowest tertile of PP, those within the highest tertiles had an increased risk of carotid plaques (OR 2.061, CI 1.547–2.745). For each 1-SD increase, the risk increased by 40.1% (OR 1.401, CI 1.237–1.587). There was a nonlinear association between PP and carotid plaques (P nonlinearity = 0.039). The risk increased rapidly after the predicted PP level reached around 60 mmHg. The associations were stronger among participants with multiple and soft plaques.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that PP was independently associated with carotid plaques in old adults with uncontrolled hypertension who have an increased risk of atherosclerosis.