bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Could the Focus on Transcendental Violence Be Violent?
Authors: Barber Michael ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: December 2019

Eddo Evink criticizes Emmanuel Levinas’s supposed view that all acts of intentionality and rationality commit transcendental violence against their objects, including the Other. If this is so, Levinas undermines the possibility of his own philosophy. Evink further argues: that there are non-violent forms of intentionality and so intentionality is only potentially violent; that some non-violent counter-pole is needed to define violence; that there are contradictions in Levinas’s notion of violence; that Levinas, like empiricists, aspires to a metaphysical absolute untainted by language; and that he presupposes the philosophical, ontological, and linguistic frameworks he criticizes. However, to answer these objections, one must understand Levinas as developing two distinct modalities of relationship: Being and Otherwise than Being. These modalities clash in the face-to-face relationship when the phenomenon of the face defects into responsibility for the Other. The epistemology and ontology of Being involve distinctive acts, affects, forms of temporality, and experiences of self that undergo a tectonic shift in confrontation with the ethically obligating Other. Here the focus is not on the violence of concepts ever seeking to subjugate the Other but rather on the Other whose summons both provokes knowledge to retreat and is able to be shown in a philosophy, even if that philosophy betrays the saying in the said, while also having the potential to reduce that betrayal. The focus should not be on transcendental violence tracking down and cornering the Other but on the Other ethically disrupting Being. With that focus, it becomes clear that concentrating on transcendental violence is a kind of violence.
L’experience de la violence subie
Authors: Delhom Pascal ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: December 2019

There are three possible ways of access to phenomena of suffered violence: the first is the experience of those who have suffered violence themselves; the second is the experience of eyewitnesses; the third, which is the most frequent one, is an indirect access through the testimony of people belonging to the first two categories. Each way of access has advantages but also serious difficulties, both in terms of the objectivity of the experience and of the possibility to express it in language. No one is free from an affective and a normative dimension; this implies that there is a certain tension with regard to the phenomenological reduction. The paper offers an analysis of these ways of access.
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: December 2019

Environmental Health NewsMental Health AmericaParliament.uk
Testicular Cancer, Version 2.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Gilligan Timothy , Lin Daniel W. , Aggarwal Rahul , Chism David , Cost Nicholas , Derweesh Ithaar H. , Emamekhoo Hamid , Feldman Darren R. , Geynisman Daniel M. , Hancock Steven L. , LaGrange Chad , Levine Ellis G. , Longo Thomas , Lowrance Will , McGregor Bradley , Monk Paul , Picus Joel , Pierorazio Phillip , Rais-Bahrami Soroush , Saylor Philip , Sircar Kanishka , Smith David C. , Tzou Katherine , Vaena Daniel , Vaughn David , Yamoah Kosj , Yamzon Jonathan , Johnson-Chilla Alyse , Keller Jennifer , Pluchino Lenora A.
Published: December 2019

Testicular cancer is relatively uncommon and accounts for <1% of all male tumors. However, it is the most common solid tumor in men between the ages of 20 and 34 years, and the global incidence has been steadily rising over the past several decades. Several risk factors for testicular cancer have been identified, including personal or family history of testicular cancer and cryptorchidism. Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) comprise 95% of malignant tumors arising in the testes and are categorized into 2 main histologic subtypes: seminoma and nonseminoma. Although nonseminoma is the more clinically aggressive tumor subtype, 5-year survival rates exceed 70% with current treatment options, even in patients with advanced or metastatic disease. Radical inguinal orchiectomy is the primary treatment for most patients with testicular GCTs. Postorchiectomy management is dictated by stage, histology, and risk classification; treatment options for nonseminoma include surveillance, systemic therapy, and nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Although rarely occurring, prognosis for patients with brain metastases remains poor, with >50% of patients dying within 1 year of diagnosis. This selection from the NCCN Guidelines for Testicular Cancer focuses on recommendations for the management of adult patients with nonseminomatous GCTs.
Addressing Knowledge Gaps in Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Improve Referral for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Consultation
Authors: Meyer Christa , Mau Lih-Wen , Murphy Elizabeth A. , Denzen Ellen M. , Hayes Ellyce , Haven Darlene , Moore Heather , Foster Jackie , Preussler Jaime M. , Burns Linda J.
Published: December 2019

Background: Outcomes after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are better when HCT is performed during first complete remission (CR1). This study aimed to identify and address knowledge gaps that affect the timely referral of patients for HCT consultation. Methods: A mixed-methods educational needs assessment included a national survey and focus groups consisting of hematologists/oncologists. An educational intervention of 3 webinars addressed identified knowledge gaps. Results: A total of 150 hematologists/oncologists were recruited for the survey, of whom 20 participated in focus groups. Physicians in practice 0 to 10 years were 4.2 times more likely to refer for HCT consultation in CR1 than those with >10 years in practice (P=.0027). Physicians seeing ≤10 patients with AML in the past year were 3.7 times more likely to refer for HCT consultation in CR1 than those seeing >10 patients (P=.0028). Knowledge gaps included (1) improper classification of molecular/cytogenetic results for risk stratification, (2) lack of understanding that disease stage impacts outcomes, and (3) use of chronologic age alone for referral decision-making. Combined attendance for the webinars was 1,098 clinicians; >74% of participants indicated that they would apply the knowledge they gained in clinical practice. Trends were observed toward improvement in identifying favorable-risk AML, from 48% to 60% (n=85; P=.12); improvement in identifying 2 poor-risk cytogenetic/molecular abnormalities, with the percentage of respondents indicating chromosome 7 deletion increasing from 51% to 70% (n=53; P=.05) and that of respondents indicating TP53 mutation increasing from 42% to 62% (n=62; P=.03); and improvement in identifying which patients with AML aged >60 years were most likely to benefit from HCT based on cytogenetic/molecular features, with the percentage of correct responses increasing from 66% to 81% (n=62; P=.07). Conclusions: The webinars met the educational needs of learners and improved knowledge gaps. This study provided novel insights into the learning needs of clinicians who care for patients with AML and a roadmap for future educational interventions.
Are Surrogate Endpoints Unbiased Metrics in Clinical Benefit Scores of the ASCO Value Framework?
Authors: Cheng Sierra , Cheung Matthew C. , Jiang Di Maria , McDonald Erica , Arciero Vanessa S. , Ezeife Doreen Anuli , Rahmadian Amanda , Chambers Alexandra , Sabarre Kelley-Anne , Parmar Ambika , Chan Kelvin K.W.
Published: December 2019

Background: Clinical benefit scores (CBS) are key elements of the ASCO Value Framework (ASCO-VF) and are weighted based on a hierarchy of efficacy endpoints: hazard ratio for death (HR OS), median overall survival (mOS), HR for disease progression (HR PFS), median progression-free survival (mPFS), and response rate (RR). When HR OS is unavailable, the other endpoints serve as “surrogates” to calculate CBS. CBS are computed from PFS or RR in 39.6% of randomized controlled trials. This study examined whether surrogate-derived CBS offer unbiased scoring compared with HR OS–derived CBS. Methods: Using the ASCO-VF, CBS for advanced disease settings were computed for randomized controlled trials of oncology drug approvals by the FDA, European Medicines Agency, and Health Canada in January 2006 through December 2017. Mean differences of surrogate-derived CBS minus HR OS–derived CBS assessed the tendency of surrogate-derived CBS to overestimate or underestimate clinical benefit. Spearman’s correlation evaluated the association between surrogate- and HR OS–derived CBS. Mean absolute error assessed the average difference between surrogate-derived CBS relative to HR OS–derived CBS. Results: CBS derived from mOS, HR PFS, mPFS, and RR overestimated HR OS–derived CBS in 58%, 68%, 77%, and 55% of pairs and overall by an average of 5.62 (n=90), 6.86 (n=110), 29.81 (n=101), and 3.58 (n=108), respectively. Correlation coefficients were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.70–0.86), 0.38 (0.20–0.53), 0.20 (0.00–0.38), and 0.01 (–0.18 to 0.19) for mOS-, HR PFS–, mPFS-, and RR-derived CBS, respectively, and mean absolute errors were 11.32, 12.34, 40.40, and 18.63, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the ASCO-VF algorithm, HR PFS–, mPFS-, and RR-derived CBS are suboptimal surrogates, because they were shown to be biased and poorly correlated to HR OS–derived CBS. Despite lower weighting than OS in the ASCO-VF algorithm, PFS still overestimated CBS. Simple rescaling of surrogate endpoints may not improve their validity within the ASCO-VF given their poor correlations with HR OS–derived CBS.
Testicular Cancer Survivorship
Authors: Fung Chunkit , Dinh Paul C. , Fossa Sophie D. , Travis Lois B.
Published: December 2019

Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common cancer among men aged 18 to 39 years. It is highly curable, with a 10-year relative survival approaching 95% due to effective cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Given the increasing incidence of TC and improved survival, TC survivors (TCS) now account for approximately 4% of all US male cancer survivors. They have also become a valuable cohort for adult-onset cancer survivorship research, given their prolonged survival. Commensurately, long-term treatment-related complications have emerged as important survivorship issues. These late effects include life-threatening conditions, such as second malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, TCS can also experience hearing loss, tinnitus, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, hypogonadism, infertility, anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment, and chronic cancer-related fatigue. Characterization of the number and severity of long-term adverse health outcomes among TCS remains critical to develop risk-stratified, evidence-based follow-up guidelines and to inform the development of preventive measures and interventions. In addition, an improved understanding of the long-term effects of TC treatment on mortality due to noncancer causes and second malignant neoplasms remains paramount. Future research should focus on the continued development of large, well-characterized clinical cohorts of TCS for lifelong follow-up. These systematic, comprehensive approaches can provide the needed infrastructure for further investigation of long-term latency patterns of various medical and psychosocial morbidities and for more in-depth studies investigating associated etiopathogenetic pathways. Studies examining premature physiologic aging may also serve as new frontiers in TC survivorship research.
The political theory of parties
Authors: Wolkenstein Fabio
Published: December 2019

Political theory has for a long time paid scant attention to the topic of political parties and partisanship. In recent times, however, there has emerged a body of theoretical research that seeks to draw attention to the place of parties and partisanship in a well-functioning polity. This article offers an overview of this research, discussing approaches that focus on partisanship as an associative practice, on the one hand, and approaches that focus on the party as an institution, on the other. The article argues that, while the two approaches no doubt usefully complement each other, concentrating on partisanship at the expense of party risks paying insufficient attention to the institutional structures that ultimately connect partisans to the state and allow them to exercise power. This is problematic insofar as it is especially the party as institution whose virtues are currently called into question. Given this, the article proposes to shift the emphasis in theoretical research from partisanship-centred theories to party-centred theories.
Sociale mediers rolle i politisk kommunikation: et litteraturstudie
Authors: Schwartz Sander Andreas
Published: December 2019

This study is a systematic literature review of research on social media and political communication from political parties or politicians in parliament. The literature review is narrowed down further to focus on European studies. The review sorts studies into three thematic categories: political sender, citizen engagement and public actors. The study finds that papers are mostly pessimistic about the democratic influence of social media. This might be because studies have been looking for a social media revolution rather than slow evolution over time. The paper goes on to divide studies according to digital methods using digital trace data or traditional methods or a combination of both. The literature review presents the advantages of each approach and further highlights the potential of mixed and multiple methods. Finally, the literature review highlights recent issues with collecting data through platform API and argues that the field should be careful about relying too heavily on this collection approach in the future as social media platforms are starting to restrict access to digital trace data.
Introduktion: Politiske partier på tværs af perspektiver
Authors: Husted Emil
Published: December 2019

Introduktion.
Conselho editorial
Authors: Zanotelli Claudio
Published: December 2019

Conselho editorial
Espaço, corpo do tempo. A construção geográfica da sociedade.
Authors: Zanotelli Claudio
Published: December 2019

Ruy Moreira. Espaço, corpo do tempo. A construção geográfica da sociedade. Rio de Janeiro: Consequência, 2019.
Espaço e economia. Geografia econômica e a economia política.
Authors: Zanotelli Claudio
Published: December 2019

Floriano Godinho de Oliveira, Leandro Dias Oliveira, Regina Helena Tunes e Roberto Moraes (Organizadores). Espaço e economia. Geografia econômica e a economia política. Rio de Janeiro: Consequência, 2019.
El video como material didáctico para el desarrollo de la competencia conversacional en E/LE
Authors: Cabanes Pérez Sandra
Published: December 2019

El contenido conversacional que se trabaja en nuestra propuesta son los solapamientos, los elementos para iniciar turno, los elementos de turno de apoyo, las apelaciones al interlocutor y la comunicación no verbal. El alumnado no puede transferir esta competencia de la lengua materna, por ello en esta propuesta didáctica los exponemos a material audiovisual auténtico para que identifiquen los elementos conversacionales, los comprendan y los utilicen de manera que su producción oral se perciba más natural en la conversación. Partimos de una metodología que combina el enfoque directo (sensibilización de los fenómenos conversacionales) y el directo (actividades de práctica) que permitan la adquisición efectiva de la competencia conversacional.
La gestión de la diversidad en el aula de EL/2: la enseñanza a solicitantes de asilo en el programa de protección internacional
Authors: Ruiz Herrero Juan
Published: December 2019

La diversidad en todos los planos constituye el rasgo más destacable de las aulas de español como segunda lengua que se imparten dentro del programa estatal de Protección Internacional, dirigido a solicitantes de asilo. La presente contribución propone una reflexión acerca de cuatro puntos relacionados, a saber, la existencia de diferentes conocimientos del mundo, la importancia de la dimensión intercultural, el trabajo con personas que presentan grados variables de exposición previa a realidades académicas y la disparidad de ritmos y horizontes de desarrollo.
 
Diversity in a whole array of levels appears as the main feature of the classsroom of Spanish as a second language within the framework of the national program of International Protection, which is intended for asylum seekers in Spain. The present article offers a reflexion on four points related to said diversity, namely, the existence of different knowledges of the world, the importance of intercultural dimension, the work with students which present contrasting degrees of previous exposition to academic realities and learning ryhthms and development disparity.
 
diversidad    interculturalidad     asilo    migraciones
Un recorrido turístico en la clase de ELE / A sightseeing tour in the Spanish class
Authors: Barahona Mora Azucena
Published: December 2019

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se plantea una experiencia didáctica desarrollada con alumnos norteamericanos estudiantes de ELE. El objetivo era poner en práctica el léxico del turismo empleando como destreza la expresión oral. En primer lugar, se hace una revisión de los conceptos teóricos asociados con esta habilidad lingüística. Posteriormente, se explica la actividad que se llevó a cabo. Esta consistía en la realización de un recorrido por la ciudad de Miami en el que los discentes aplicaban el material elaborado en clase. Por último, se exponen los resultados de la implementación. Estos muestran la satisfacción tanto académica como personal de los participantes, así como la consecución del objetivo programado.
Palabras clave: Español como lengua extranjera, expresión oral, léxico, turismo.
Abstract: This paper offers a didactic proposal carried out with American pupils who study Spanish as a foreign language. The activity aims to put into practice the lexicon related to tourism using oral skills. Firstly, theoretical concepts involved in this linguistic ability are stated. Then, the practical experience is explained. For the implementation, a sightseeing tour in Miami was designed and the students applied the oral text they worked in class. Finally, the results are presented. They show the academic and personal satisfaction of the participants, as well as the achievement of the programmed objective.
Key words: Spanish as a foreign language, oral skills, lexicon, tourism.
Mejoras en el aprendizaje de la mediación lingüística e intercultural a través de la inclusión de la atenuación / Improvement of Linguistic and Intercultural Mediation thanks to the inclusion of mitigation
Authors: Secchi Daniel
Published: December 2019

Resumen: La fluidez de una lengua y sus matices son algo imprescindible que los estudiantes tienen que aprender y saber reconocer si quieren convertirse en buenos mediadores lingüísticos e interculturales. Se presenta, pues, una actividad didáctica en la que, en primer lugar, y dando por sentado las competencias lingüísticas generales de los estudiantes franceses (con nivel B2-C1 de E/LE según el MCER, 2001), con los que se ha llevado a cabo la actividad, se pretende hacer reflexionar los mismos sobre sus conocimientos pragmáticos atenuantes previos con el fin de mejorar sus destrezas comunicativas que necesitan para desenvolverse en la profesión de mediadores lingüísticos. A partir de ello, en segundo lugar, se pretende que los estudiantes aprendan a reconocer no solamente cuando es necesario emplear elementos atenuantes como estrategia lingüística sino también cuando pueden y deben hacerlo puesto que la situación lo requiere.
Palabras clave: mediación lingüística e intercultural, mediador, atenuación, destrezas comunicativas atenuantes
Abstract: The fluency of a language and its nuances are essential for the students in order to learn and know how to recognize to become good linguistic and intercultural mediators. This paper therefore presents a didactic activity in which, in the first place, and taking for granted the general linguistic competences of the French students (with level B2-C1 of Spanish as a Second Language in accordance with CEFR, 2001) with whom the activity has been carried out, the aim is to make them reflect on their previous attenuating pragmatic knowledge in order to improve their communicative skills that they need to develop in the profession of linguistic mediators. Based on this, it is intended that students learn to recognise not only when it is necessary to use attenuating elements as a linguistic strategy but also when they can and must do so as the situation requires.
Keywords: intercultural and linguistic mediation, mediator, mitigation, communications and mitigation skills
Análisis de necesidades y planificación del curso en un grupo de estudiantes migrantes adultos de ELE
Authors: Gómez-Pavón Durán Ana
Published: December 2019

La escasez de materiales y métodos específicamente diseñados para la enseñanza de ELE a personas migrantes supone un obstáculo en la planificación del curso para los docentes que trabajan con este tipo de estudiantes cuyo principal objetivo en su aprendizaje del español es que esto les facilite la búsqueda de empleo y la integración en la sociedad de acogida. En este estudio se propone el análisis de necesidades como primer paso para decidir los contenidos de un curso de ELE para personas migrantes, y se ofrece la descripción de un cuestionario que se llevó a cabo como método de análisis de las necesidades de un grupo de alumnos de la fundación Cepaim en Valencia. En la descripción de los resultados de dicho análisis se explica también cómo contribuyó la información obtenida a partir del análisis a la planificación del curso.
La enseñanza de marcadores del discurso en el aula de E/LE desde la segmentación en unidades de la sintaxis del habla: el caso de «pues»
Authors: Llibrer Adrià Pardo
Published: December 2019

Este trabajo aplica la segmentación en unidades discursivas del modelo Val.Es.Co. en la enseñanza de marcadores del discurso en el aula de e/le. En concreto, se analizan las diferentes funciones ofrecidas para el marcador discursivo pues, a fin de sistematizarlas en una relación de unidades y posiciones. Ello permite simplificar sus diferentes usos en la lengua oral, constituyendo una herramienta cuya aplicación sea de utilidad para la enseñanza de los marcadores del discurso.
Algunos procedimientos de cohesión textual para mejorar las estrategias comunicativas del discurso oral
Authors: Paulo Selvi Isabel Amparo
Published: December 2019

La dificultad de la destreza de la expresión oral se debe a causas emocionales, cognitivas, didácticas y lingüísticas. Diferentes trabajos se han orientado hacia la oralidad, quizás, porque el estudio del habla funciona como una forma dinámica de comunicación; sin embargo, el prestigio de la lengua escrita y el desconocimiento de la lengua oral han tenido efectos perniciosos  con modelos artificiales para la enseñanza de ELE.
La propuesta se centra en trabajar algunos procedimientos de cohesión textual con la intención de mejorar las estrategias comunicativas del discurso oral. Se trata de elaborar una secuencia pedagógica donde se expone una muestra de lengua contextualizada en la que aparecen los contenidos que se desean que los alumnos aprehendan, se plantean actividades y se reflexiona a través de un discurso modalizado cercano al mundo referencial del discente.
La escritura creativa en la era digital: el foro de rol como herramienta de aprendizaje en E/LE
Authors: Molés Moreno María
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo investiga el potencial de los foros de rol como recurso de aprendizaje y desarrollo de la destreza escrita en E/LE, en especial la expresión escrita, con el objetivo de reemplazar las actividades más tradicionales de composición creativa por herramientas más innovadoras y, por tanto, aproximar las TIC a la realidad de la enseñanza de E/LE. Con este fin, se ha realizado una investigación acerca del objeto de estudio, los foros de rol, y se han estudiado sus características —funcionalidad, mecánicas, comportamientos, motivación, etc.— por medio de un trabajo de campo. A continuación, a partir de las conclusiones de la investigación previa, se han expuesto las ventajas y los posibles inconvenientes de esta herramienta dentro del aula de E/LE.
Outcomes in a Modern Cohort of Treated Patients with Multiple Sclerosis from Diagnosis Up to 15 Years
Authors: Scott Thomas F. , Desai Troy , Hackett Chris , Gettings Edward J. , Hentosz Teresa , Elmalik Wisam , Schramke Carol J.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Before disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) were available, the natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS) regarding attainment of accepted disability milestones was reported with fairly wide variance comparing outcomes across studies. The influence of DMTs on these outcomes is unknown. This study aimed to calculate attainment of disability milestones during the first 15 years after onset of DMT-treated relapsing forms of MS (RMS).

Methods:

As a retrospective study, all available disability data (collected routinely) on all newly diagnosed patients with RMS seen and initially diagnosed in a single clinic between 1989 and 2006 were reviewed. Times from first symptoms and diagnosis until first treatment with DMTs were also reviewed. Time-to-event statistics were applied using disability milestones.

Results:

Mean follow-up of 184 adult patients from symptom onset was 13.7 years. Of patients followed up for 15 years after onset, 16 of 86 (19%) reached an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 6.0. Estimated median time to reach an EDSS score of 3.0 was 10.7 years and to reach an EDSS score of 4.0 was 18.1 years.

Conclusions:

There were striking differences between the present results and older data sets and similar results to the few available modern data sets. This analysis of a modern treated RMS cohort provides outcomes data that may be compared favorably with the natural history of RMS.
WHAT IS HAPPY LIFE?: AN INVESTIGATION ON TURKISH FILM WHICH NAME IS NEŞELİ HAYAT
Authors: KARADAŞ Nergiz
Published: December 2019

It is known that the art of cinema includes organic bonds with the society. It is not possible to think that cinema, which comes from social practices and meets with society, is independent of ideologies. Despite the individual and even social differences, one of the few common points of today's human being is the desire to live a joyful and happy life. Acting on the effect of cinema on the effect of mirroring, influencing and guiding the society, this study starts from the question of how the recipe for a cheerful, happy life is presented in the white screen, and the film Neşeli Hayat (Yılmaz Erdoğan / 2009) has been dealt with the ideological film critique method. As a result of the examination, the film called Neşeli Hayat, which is considered to be similar to many examples in Turkish Cinema history, emphasizes the view that family and family ties are the main determinant of a happy life in the rural urban, traditional-modern conflict. Associated with this message, codes related to the dominant ideology and patriarchal structure are reproduced and legitimized in accordance with social conventions within the film.
Spatiotemporal dynamics and heterogeneity of renal lymphatics in mammalian development and cystic kidney disease
Authors: Jafree Daniyal J , Moulding Dale , Kolatsi-Joannou Maria , Perretta Tejedor Nuria , Price Karen L , Milmoe Natalie J , Walsh Claire L , Correra Rosa Maria , Winyard Paul JD , Harris Peter C , Ruhrberg Christiana , Walker-Samuel Simon , Riley Paul R , Woolf Adrian S , Scambler Peter J , Long David A
Published: December 2019

Heterogeneity of lymphatic vessels during embryogenesis is critical for organ-specific lymphatic function. Little is known about lymphatics in the developing kidney, despite their established roles in pathology of the mature organ. We performed three-dimensional imaging to characterize lymphatic vessel formation in the mammalian embryonic kidney at single-cell resolution. In mouse, we visually and quantitatively assessed the development of kidney lymphatic vessels, remodeling from a ring-like anastomosis under the nascent renal pelvis; a site of VEGF-C expression, to form a patent vascular plexus. We identified a heterogenous population of lymphatic endothelial cell clusters in mouse and human embryonic kidneys. Exogenous VEGF-C expanded the lymphatic population in explanted mouse embryonic kidneys. Finally, we characterized complex kidney lymphatic abnormalities in a genetic mouse model of polycystic kidney disease. Our study provides novel insights into the development of kidney lymphatic vasculature; a system which likely has fundamental roles in renal development, physiology and disease.
TEffectR: an R package for studying the potential effects of transposable elements on gene expression with linear regression model
Authors: Karakülah Gökhan , Arslan Nazmiye , Yandım Cihangir , Suner Aslı
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Recent studies highlight the crucial regulatory roles of transposable elements (TEs) on proximal gene expression in distinct biological contexts such as disease and development. However, computational tools extracting potential TE –proximal gene expression associations from RNA-sequencing data are still missing.

Implementation

Herein, we developed a novel R package, using a linear regression model, for studying the potential influence of TE species on proximal gene expression from a given RNA-sequencing data set. Our R package, namely TEffectR, makes use of publicly available RepeatMasker TE and Ensembl gene annotations as well as several functions of other R-packages. It calculates total read counts of TEs from sorted and indexed genome aligned BAM files provided by the user, and determines statistically significant relations between TE expression and the transcription of nearby genes under diverse biological conditions.

Availability

TEffectR is freely available at https://github.com/karakulahg/TEffectR along with a handy tutorial as exemplified by the analysis of RNA-sequencing data including normal and tumour tissue specimens obtained from breast cancer patients.
Siglas, acrónimos y abreviaturas en la prensa especializada económica en alemán y español
Authors:   Universidad Pablo de Olavide (España), Medina Reguera Ana , Stender Alice ,   Universidad Pablo de Olavide (España)
Published: December 2019

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar contrastivamente las siglas, acrónimos y abreviaturas del lenguaje especializado económico en las lenguas española y alemana, con la ayuda de un corpus comparable de noticias económicas procedentes de la prensa especializada de España y Alemania. La crisis económica de 2007 es la base temática para este estudio de corpus, cuyos textos abarcan hasta 2015. Las siglas son un recurso característico del lenguaje económico y son útiles para optimizar el lenguaje mediante la reducción de términos financieros, nombres de instituciones, etc., mucho más largos en su forma desarrollada. No obstante, frecuentemente, en lugar de ayudar a la comprensión conceptual, ocurre lo contrario, pues el mensaje queda codificado y la comprensión se obstaculiza. Se observa una relación entre la economía del lenguaje (que impulsa el acortamiento) y la densidad terminológica propia del lenguaje de la economía (a mayor número de siglas, mayor densidad del texto especializado). El estudio también concluye que los conceptos de abreviatura, sigla y acrónimo se definen de manera bastante más clara para el español que para el alemán, donde no existe un consenso unánime sobre la clasificación y denominación de palabras abreviadas. Por último, se abordan las estrategias de traducción posibles y se clasifican semánticamente las formas encontradas en el corpus.
Preferences of the Poor Farming Household for Credit-Based Payment for Environmental Services: Attributes for Environmental Resource Conservation in the Oyo State Farm Settlements
Authors: Adesiyan O. I. , Rauf M. O. , Adewole W. A.
Published: December 2019

Previous studies affirmed that both poverty and environmental resources degradation need to be tackled concomitantly. The reason is that poverty and environmental resources (agricultural land) are intertwining as a nexus; hence a one traffic-proffered solution is not sufficient enough to reduce the afterward menace poverty and environmental resource caused. An incentive that serves as an ‘adjudicator’, a credit-based payment for an environmental service is recognized for this task. Though this is a hypothetical case of Payment for Environmental Services (PES) that understudied the would-be response of the poor farming household through their preferences of PES attributes of environmental resource conservation and poverty reduction. This was designed with the use of choice experiment method, which is a multi-attribute approach of valuing non-market goods (agricultural land). Evidently, this study has convincingly proved that the poor farmers are willing to conserve their agricultural land, if the provision of necessary incentive is presented to them. The examined three farm settlements in Oyo state are: Afijio, Ijaye and Ido farm settlements. Educationally poor farming household shows that, 93(65.49%) preferred both options, whereas consumption poor farming house  have 162(68.5%) respondents that sought for both option 1and 2.Housing/standard of living farming household recorded 98(34.63 %) for option 1 PES attributes and 95(33.57%)responded were for option 2 of PES attributes. The T-t test revealed that four of the paired poverty categories with respect to their preferences for the PES attributes options were significant. This study therefore suggests that poor farming household, whose farming is their livelihood should be sensitized to the provision of a deliberately designed poverty-environmental resource conservation credit-based PES, with a more flexible conditions. This will enable the poor farmers to be encouraged to participate in conservation of natural resource and by extension reducing poverty.
Designer Direct Ink Write 3D‐Printed Thermites with Tunable Energy Release Rates
Authors: Wainwright Elliot R. , Sullivan Kyle T. , Grapes Michael D.
Published: December 2019

Breakthroughs in additive manufacturing (AM), particularly direct ink write 3D printing, have allowed for greater control of material performance by manipulation of architecture and/or spatial composition. Herein, the range of control over the dynamic energy release rate in 3D‐printed Al/CuO thermite is quantified by substituting random porous pathways present in powder beds or compacts with printed void channels to modulate the energy transport during a reaction. The thermite is produced via on‐the‐fly static mixing of constituent Al and CuO inks, which offers a safe way to handle these materials. By reducing the fundamental burn unit size (i.e., filament size) and introducing small amounts of engineered porosity for gas flow, it is shown that energy release rates can be increased by more than 100 times that of maximum print density strips. Unique channel structures, which display propagation velocities of over 100 m s−1 due to confinement of gas flow, are reported. Ashby plots that show the reactivity design space for 3D‐printed thermites are presented as a function of the effective print/energy density. Architecting with AM tailors an object to release its energy in a prescribed way, and this control adds much‐needed versatility by allowing a single formulation to satisfy multiple applications.
Diselenide–Pemetrexed Assemblies for Combined Cancer Immuno‐, Radio‐, and Chemotherapies
Authors: Li Tianyu , Pan Shuojiong , Gao Shiqian , Xiang Wentian , Sun Chenxing , Cao Wei , Xu Huaping
Published: December 2019

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising new approach for cancer treatment. However, clinically available drugs have been limited until recently, and the antitumor efficacy of most cancer immunotherapies still needs to be improved. Herein, we develop diselenide–pemetrexed assemblies that combine natural killer (NK) cell‐based cancer immunotherapy with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in a single system. The assemblies are prepared by co‐assembly between pemetrexed and cytosine‐containing diselenide through hydrogen bonds. Under γ‐radiation, the hydrogen bonds are cleaved, resulting in the release of pemetrexed. At the same time, diselenide can be oxidized to seleninic acid, which suppresses the expression of human leukocyte antigen E (HLA‐E) in cancer cells, thus activating the immune response of NK cells. In this way, cancer immunotherapy is combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, providing a new strategy for cancer treatment.
Synthetic Photoelectrochemistry
Authors: Barham Joshua P. , König Burkhard
Published: December 2019

Photoredox catalysis (PRC) and synthetic organic electrochemistry (SOE) are often considered competing technologies in organic synthesis. Their fusion has been largely overlooked. We review state‐of‐the‐art synthetic organic photoelectrochemistry, grouping examples into three categories: 1) electrochemically mediated photoredox catalysis (e‐PRC), 2) decoupled photoelectrochemistry (dPEC), and 3) interfacial photoelectrochemistry (iPEC). Such synergies prove beneficial not only for synthetic “greenness” and chemical selectivity, but also in the accumulation of energy for accessing super‐oxidizing or ‐reducing single electron transfer (SET) agents. Opportunities and challenges in this emerging and exciting field are discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of carbon black modified by polylactic acid (PLA‐g‐CB) as pigment for dope dyeing of black PLA fibers
Authors: Zhang Liping , Dong Hao , Li Min , Wang Dong , Liu Mingming , Wang Chunxia , Fu Shaohai
Published: December 2019

Dope dyeing is a clean method to produce a color polylactic acid (PLA) fiber. In order to investigate the influence factors of dope dyed PLA fiber, three kinds of PLA modified carbon black (PLA‐g‐CB) pigments with different particle size were prepared by open‐ring polymerization method, which were further used for dope dyed black PLA fiber. The resultant black fiber was characterized by TEM, SEM, and DSC. The effect of particle size and concentration of PLA‐g‐CB pigments on color, mechanical property, and crystallization behavior of dope dyed PLA fiber were studied. Dope dyed black PLA fiber reached its good color property including K/S and leveling property when PLA‐g‐CB (I) pigment was the colorant with a concentration of 1.5%. Moreover, the dope dyed black PLA fiber containing PLA‐g‐CB (I) pigment had high breaking strength, crystallinity, fastness, and migration resistance to water and ethanol. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48784.
A Hydrosilylation Approach to Silicon‐Bridged Functional Dipyrromethanes: Introducing Silicon to A New Arena
Authors: Garg Bhaskar , Bisht Tanuja , Ling Yong‐Chien
Published: December 2019

Two silylene‐spaced ((E)‐vinylsilyl)anthracene‐dipyrromethane dyads have been designed and synthesized by RhCl(PPh3)3‐catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions of 5‐methyl‐5′‐(ethynylaryl)dipyrromethanes with (9‐Anthryl)‐dimethylsilane. The complexation studies of dyads toward different anions have also been performed, which reveal that dyads exhibit a highly selective response towards fluoride anion attributable to both hydrogen‐bonding and pentacoordination phenomena. This dual‐mode fluoride recognition event is unprecedented and may pave the way for future developments in the areas of porphyrinoids, organosilicon, polymer, and supramolecular chemistry.
Moderate Intensity Static Magnetic Fields Prevent Thrombus Formation in Rats and Mice
Authors: Li Qin , Liao Zhongcai , Gu Lili , Zhang Lei , Zhang Lingxi , Tian Xiaofei , Li Jun , Fang Zhicai , Zhang Xinyue
Published: December 2019

We established three types of thrombosis models to explore the effects of the static magnetic field (SMF) on thrombosis in rats and mice with three different MF intensities. In the carrageenan‐induced thrombosis model in rats, the SMF treatments reduced the black tail length of rats, extracorporeal thrombus, and the mass of wet and dry thrombus, and improved the coagulation index value. In FeCl3‐induced arterial thrombosis model in rats, the SMF treatment showed some anti‐thrombotic effects. More specifically, the SMF treatment affected rodent blood pressure, plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor, tissue‐type plasminogen activator, thrombus mass, and thrombus protein content. In the adrenaline‐induced thrombosis model in mice, the SMF treatment had certain effects on the diameter and blood flow velocity of mouse auricle microcirculation in fine veins and arteries. Overall, the highest MF intensities we tested, 20–150 mT, showed a trend of anti‐thrombotic effect, indicating that the moderate‐intensity SMF might serve as a potential treatment for clot‐related diseases in the future. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:52–62 © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Efficient production of phenylpropionic acids by an amino‐group‐transformation biocatalytic cascade
Authors: Wang Jinhui , Song Wei , Wu Jing , Liu Jia , Chen Xiulai , Liu Liming
Published: December 2019

Phenylpropionic acids are commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and fine chemicals. However, the synthesis of phenylpropionic acids faces the challenges of high cost of substrates and a limited range of products. Here, we present an artificially designed amino‐group‐transformation biocatalytic process, which uses simple phenols, pyruvate, and ammonia to synthesize diverse phenylpropionic acids. This biocatalytic cascade comprises an amino‐group‐introduction module and three amino‐group‐transformation modules, and operates in a modular assembly manner. Escherichia coli catalysts coexpressing enzymes from different modules achieve whole‐cell simultaneous one‐pot transformations of phenols into the corresponding phenylpropionic acids including (S)‐α‐amino acids, α‐keto acids, (R)‐α‐amino acids, and (R)‐β‐amino acids. With cofactor recycling, protein engineering, and transformation optimization, four (S)‐α‐amino acids, four α‐keto acids, four (R)‐α‐amino acids, and four (R)‐β‐amino acids are synthesized with good conversion (68–99%) and high enantioselectivities (>98%). Therefore, the amino‐group‐transformation concept provides a universal and efficient tool for synthesizing diverse products.
Sprayable and biodegradable, intrinsically adhesive wound dressing with antimicrobial properties
Authors: Daristotle John L. , Lau Lung W. , Erdi Metecan , Hunter Joseph , Djoum Albert , Srinivasan Priya , Wu Xiaofang , Basu Mousumi , Ayyub Omar B. , Sandler Anthony D. , Kofinas Peter
Published: December 2019

Conventional wound dressings are difficult to apply to large total body surface area (TBSA) wounds, as they typically are prefabricated, require a layer of adhesive coating for fixation, and need frequent replacement for entrapped exudate. Large TBSA wounds as well as orthopedic trauma and low‐resource surgery also have a high risk of infection. In this report, a sprayable and intrinsically adhesive wound dressing loaded with antimicrobial silver is investigated that provides personalized fabrication with minimal patient contact. The dressing is composed of adhesive and biodegradable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA/PEG) blend fibers with or without silver salt (AgNO3). in vitro studies demonstrate that the PLGA/PEG/Ag dressing has antimicrobial properties and low cytotoxicity, with antimicrobial silver controllably released over 7–14 days. In a porcine partial‐thickness wound model, the wounds treated with both antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial PLGA/PEG dressings heal at rates similar to those of the clinical, thin film polyurethane wound dressing, with similar scarring. However, PLGA/PEG adds a number of features beneficial for wound healing: greater exudate absorption, integration into the wound, a 25% reduction in dressing changes, and tissue regeneration with greater vascularization. There is also modest improvement in epidermis thickness compared to the control wound dressing.
Endovascular management of transplant renal artery stenosis: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Ren Yanqiao , Xiong Fu , Kan Xuefeng , Qian Kun , Cao Yanyan , Chen Lei , Xiong Bin , Zhou Guofeng , Zheng Chuansheng
Published: December 2019

Objectives

The aim is to evaluate the efficacy and complications of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)/stenting in the treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS).

Background

TRAS is a relatively rare condition, and currently, there is not enough study about interventional therapy for TRAS.

Methods

Between April 2011 and July 2018, 33 patients with TRAS underwent interventional therapy. Analysis of parameters was as follows: technical success, pretreatment and posttreatment serum creatinine, and blood pressure, and vessel patency via ultrasound at 1, 6, and 12 months posttreatment and once a year thereafter.

Results

One procedure failed. The success rate of PTA/stenting placement was 97.0%. Fourteen PTAs with 16 stents were primary interventions, with 2 stent procedures performed subsequently due to restenosis; the restenosis rate was 6.3%. During the follow‐up period, two patients progressed to graft renal failure and three patients were lost to follow‐up. The rest of the patients still had stable graft function and blood pressure. Compared with preoperative conditions, blood pressure and serum creatinine significantly decreased (p < .05). No treatment‐related deaths or serious complications occurred.

Conclusions

PTA/stenting is a safe and effective treatment for TRAS. For selected TRAS patients, PTA or PTA with stent may achieve good therapeutic outcomes. Selecting appropriate puncture pathways may help improve the success rate and affect the operation results, and open surgery may be avoided.
Highly Efficient Access to (S)‐Sulfoxides Utilizing a Promiscuous Flavoprotein Monooxygenase in a Whole‐Cell Biocatalyst Format
Authors: Willrodt Christian , Gröning Janosch A. D. , Nerke Philipp , Koch Rainhard , Scholtissek Anika , Heine Thomas , Schmid Andreas , Bühler Bruno , Tischler Dirk
Published: December 2019

Chiral sulfoxides have gained attention as synthons and precursors for API synthesis. Flavoproteins such as Baeyer‐Villiger or styrene monooxygenases mainly provide access to (R)‐sulfoxides and often suffer from low selectivity, activity, and/or limited substrate scope. The flavoprotein monooxygenase AbIMO from Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 initiates indole degradation. Here, AbIMO was expressed recombinantly in E. coli and characterized for its sulfoxidation activity and substrate spectrum. Next to indole and styrene, AbIMO was found to accept numerous alkyl aryl sulfides as substrates, transforming them to (S)‐sulfoxides with high enantioselectivity (95 % to >99 % for most sulfides). The formulation as a whole‐cell biocatalyst allowed specific production rates of up to 370 U gcdw−1 – the highest specific oxygenase activity achieved in whole cells so far – and the preparative synthesis of enantiopure (S)‐aryl alkyl sulfoxides. With its extraordinarily high specific activity, high specificity, ease of handling, and high stability (catalyst is stable for >16 days at 4 °C), the designed whole‐cell biocatalyst adds enormous value to the portfolio of chemical and biological catalysts for asymmetric sulfoxide synthesis.