bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BROKER AS A CENTRE OF INNOVATION IN THE STRATEGY OF THE MALOPOLSKA PROVINCE
Authors: Bielińska - Dusza Edyta
Published: November 2022

Scientific and technical development and practical use of its results increasingly determine the competitive position of regions. In addition, the openness of business, willingness to collaborate, support for implementation of modern technologies, creating demand for innovation, and finally the creation of institutions that focus on innovation and smart specialization in the long term can contribute to the creation of products able to compete not only on the local market but also globally. The objective is to discuss issues related to the functioning of the "Broker Innovation", an indication of the directives determining its effective operation, filling assumptions  economic of the model of open innovation and knowledge organization, assuming the use of internal and external resources and sources of innovation.
DISPARITIES OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors: Wąsowicz Jarosław
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this study is to identify disparities in the development of high-tech industries between twenty eight European Union countries in 2013, by building a selected synthetic measure and prioritize them according to the estimated values of these measures. Operationalization of the research takes into account a number of diagnostic variables describing the high-tech sector in the EU member states, along with the attempt to explain the determinants of their position in the created ranking. The study used a Hellwig’s synthetic measure of development, which is one of the reference methods of linear ordering.
PACKAGE AS A MARKETING TOOL OF HONEY
Authors: Żak Natalia , Przybyłowski Piotr
Published: November 2022

The package look is an integral part of products promotion. In the instance of honey the packaging is not only a marketing tool, but also a source of information. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of packaging on the purchase of honey. The study group consisted of 224 randomly selected respondents living in Pomorskie region. Based on the study, it can be concluded that in their purchasing choice of honey respondents are guided mainly by economic considerations, but also take into account the appearance of the packaging and the information included on it. Respondents believe that change of the packaging image of honey can affect the increase of its purchases. However they still mostly choose honey with a standard container (glass jar) and simple label. In In their purchasing decision process respondents mainly pay attention to the presence of mark "Traditional Specialty Guaranteed".
MATHEMATICAL ASPECT OF SOLUTIONS FOR SELECTED LINEAR AND QUADRATIC STATIC EQUILIBRIUM MODELS
Authors: Kowgier Henryk
Published: November 2022

The first aim of the article was to find general formulas for determining the price and quantity equilibrium for linear static equilibrium models and some square static equilibrium models. The second aim of this article was the use of Waring's hypothesis in relation to the quadratic of static equilibrium models.It served finding equilibrium prices that are natural numbers. Subject of study were static linear and quadratic equilibrium models such demand-supply. To explore these models were used methods of linear algebra, mathematical analysis and additive number theory.  To carry out the study used a package of Mathematica 4.0.
PROGRAMS TO ENCOURAGE SMALL FARMERS TO CONSIDER ENTREPRENEURIAL OPTIONS
Authors: Harper Jayson K. , Kime Lynn F.
Published: November 2022

Small farms constitute the majority of farms in both the EU and in the USA.   Economic challenges in rural areas have led to many changes in agricultural policies for small farmers.  Both the EU and the USA have recently made changes that affect small farms and their ability to be more entrepreneurial.  To become larger operations with a more value-added product mix, they need government support and the resources of farm advisory services to implement new management strategies and evaluate production and marketing alternatives.  An Extension program for small farmers that has been operating for over 25 years in the United State demonstrates that these types of educational opportunities are in  high demand by small farmers.
VOLUNTEERS AGED 60+ AS A FAMILY SUPPORT IN CARING FOR THE ELDERLY ON THE BASIS OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS FOR THE SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF OLDER PERSONS
Authors: MACIUSZEK ANNA
Published: November 2022

Senior volunteering can be a support for families caring for an older person It confers an advantage on the local level, social capital, welfare and supports the development of older people - volunteers. Law basics of volunteering older people in government documents should be comprehensive and take into account the holistic approach to the elderly.
SELECTED PROBLEMS IN CONDUCTING NON-AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS ACTIVITY
Authors: WINNICKI TOMASZ , SIKORA ANNA
Published: November 2022

The article contains a presentation of data pertaining to the problem of starting non-agricultural business, which encounters many limitations, both economic and social ones. The survey showed that for years bureaucracy has remained a major barrier to starting own business. By facilitating business activity and lifting certain administrative barriers, entrepreneurs who operate in areas characterized by very difficult market conditions should be supported. The non-agricultural businesses started in rural areas are mainly funded from own financial resources and commercial bank loans. To a much lower extent, earmarked subsidies were used for this purpose, as they require one to devote extremely much time and funds. Moreover, a new business activity is often burdened by additional legal, organizational and financial requirements, a situation which does not favour applying for the funds allocated to the support of economic activity in rural areas.
DETERMINANTS OF SELECTING DINING INCLUDING COMMUNICATION - RESULTS OF CONSUMER RESEARCH
Authors: STANGIERSKA DAGMARA , KOWALCZUK IWONA , ŚWIĄTKOWSKA MONIKA , GÓRSKA-WARSEWICZ HANNA
Published: November 2022

The aim of this article is to assess the relevance of customer communications with other determinants of choice of dining establishments a on the basis of own consumer research.The results indicate that the most important determinants of the choice of dining establishments a are elements that form the core of the catering service, the gastronomic offer, taking into account price, assortment and customer service. Communication with the client is not a key factor for customers choosing a dining establishments, but there are dependencies between the elements of the promotion and the other components of a dining establishments choice.
AN ANALYSIS OF SALE OF AGRICULTURAL PROPERTY BASED ON AGRICULTURAL PROPERTY AGENCY IN SZCZECIN
Authors: ŚPIEWAK – SZYJKA MONIKA
Published: November 2022

This article aims at conducting an analysis of sale of agricultural property with the example of Agricultural Property Agency in Szczecin. The article presents the forms of sale of agricultural property owned by the State Treasury, as well as the analysis of supply and demand of agricultural properties, based on the functioning of Agricultural Property Agency.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LOCAL ECONOMY
Authors: NIEWĘGŁOWSKI MAREK , TROJANOWSKI PAWEŁ , KACPRZAK TOMASZ
Published: November 2022

One of the effects of activity of man especially economic, but also public enterprise is widely clear. Behavioral factors also capital collected in people influence on changes in the dynamics of development of enterprise in a different degree in the whole world. Poland as a country that is all time in phase development with aspirations of achievement of position of the countries adjusted on innovations is characterized in the context of enterprise by certain specific indexes. The article is concentrated on enterprise positions of our citizens on the select, characteristic for Poland phenomena. The creature of analysis is an analysis of the role of human capital in an enterprise-creative process. Development leans against the results of the careful researches conducted on territory of the whole world, in that in the countries of UE also Poland within the framework of so-called Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. This development presents the solid prelude of the further deepening of report between maintenance of man and enterprise that is also by a ponderable contribution to the global and local economy.Scale of enterprise and also her contribution to the local economy there are signaling for underlining the role of external surroundings and his influence on forming of enterprise positions in a man.
POSSIBILITIES OF CREATING VALUES FOR CUSTOMER / PATIENT AT HEALYH CARE ORGANIZATIONS IN POLAND
Authors: KRUKOWSKA-MILER AGATA
Published: November 2022

The aim of this article is to present the possibility of applying value marketing in health care organizations. Through the specificity of medical services, it seems reasonable. This article outlines the factors that influence the perception of medical services by patients / clients and their potential use. Studies have confirmed that patients / clients outside the quality of medical services and waiting times are seeking understanding, physician interest and partnership, and therefore "soft skills" that can be introduced into the clinic without much financial investment. Introducing them can help build a competitive advantage for your business.
HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE EUROPEAN, ALL-POLISH AND SUPRAREGIONAL STRATEGIES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: ZIMNY ARTUR , JURCZAK ROBERT
Published: November 2022

The aim of this article is to emphasize that higher education institutions are now attributable to a significant role in creating development processes. Therefore, the records included in the European, Polish and supraregional strategic documents, which directly relate to higher education, have been analysed. In particular, the following documents were analysed: “Europe 2020”; “Concept of National Spatial Development 2030” (CNSD); “Long-term National Development Strategy - Poland 2030. Third Wave of Innovation” (LNDS); “National Development Strategy 2020” (NDS); integrated strategies i.e. “National Strategy of Regional Development 2010-2020: Regions, Cities, Rural Areas” (NSRD), “Strategy for Innovation and Economic Efficiency. Dynamic Poland 2020” (SIEE), “Human Capital Development Strategy 2020” (HCDS), “Social Capital Development Strategy by 2020” (SCDS); supraregional strategies i.e. “Development Strategy of Central Poland by 2020” (DSCP), “Development Strategy of Southern Poland by 2020” (DSSP), “Socio-Economic Strategy of Eastern Poland by 2020” (SSEP) and “Development Strategy of Western Poland by 2020” (DSWP). These documents were downloaded from the websites of the relevant institutions in March 2016.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BETTING MARKET IN POLAND
Authors: SOBOTKO EWELINA
Published: November 2022

Bookmaking is a very popular issue, but in Polish scientific literature often overlooked and rarely analyzed. This market has a very specific character, which makes it an interesting research subject, among others, because of the power of the gray market. This article focuses mainly on the supply side of the market. The development prospects of the market were evaluated using the methodology of creating point predictions. It was found that the betting market has a great development potential, as evidenced by the forecasts. It can generate even greater profits for bookmakers and players as well as for the state budget.
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF FADN FARMS AND ITS DETERMINANTS
Authors: CZYŻEWSKI BAZYLI , MATUSZCZAK ANNA , GUTH MARTA
Published: November 2022

The main objective of the paper is to determine the environmental sustainability of FADN farms and its determinants by determining the effectiveness of the common agricultural policy subsidies for shaping a synthetic index of environmental sustainability. The synthetic index of environmental sustainability for the average farm in the region was determined by the Hellwig method. The differentiation of environmental sustainability has been carried out in three sections: in European regions, EU countries and economic classes. The increase in share of environmental payments and rural development in the total amount of subsidies has proved to be crucial for environmental sustainability, not just the increase in funds for this purpose. There is a general conclusion that single area payments do not help to achieve environmental sustainability, although this is a priority for the EU.
THE MEANING OF BIOFUELS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Authors: BEŁDYCKA-BÓRAWSKA ANETA , SZYMAŃSKA ELŻBIETA JADWIGA
Published: November 2022

The aim of the paper was to present biofuel production in the aspect of sustainable development of agriculture. The analysis included data on the quantity of produced and sold liquid biofuels and biocomponents, the forecast of growth of consumption of motor fuels and biodiesel, as well as the value of NCW. The forecast of market development of biofuels shows that the production of ethanol and esters of vegetable oils will increase by 2030, which will contribute to the development of this sector. However, the prerequisite is the implementation of the National Plan for the Indicator, i.e. increasing the share of biofuels in the energy values of the country. Biofuels production provides economic benefit, increasing the demand for agricultural products. At the same time it poses environmental, social and economic threats. It seems, that the production of second generation biofuels is more useful in the aspect of sustainable development of agriculture.
CHANCE OF DEVELOPING EDIBLE INSECTS MARKET
Authors: BARTKOWICZ JOANNA , OCIECZEK ANETA
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the article was to analyze the impact that edible insects have and can have on human and animal nutrition and their effects on the human environment. The analysis was based on the scientific literature in this area. The paper presents the health, economic and social aspects of eating and rearing edible insects in Europe and safety, especially as the FAO reports that the world population will grow to 9 billion by 2050. The growing interest in edible insects as an alternative source of nutrients, ease of cultivation will ensure that consumers in Europe know another diet, known since the beginning of human history.
SSE AND SOCIAL INITIATIVES VERSUS DEVELOPMENT OF THE RURAL AREAS OF ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP
Authors: KONDRATOWICZ-POZORSKA JOLANTA
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this paper is to present the scope and forms of activities of SSE, which involves the characterisation of inititives aiming to improve the quality of living conditions in the rural areas, to activate the residents and create opportunities for local development. This work is based on the analysis of multiple scientific journals, popular literature and a number of studies. The data used in this research were collected during individual interviews with representatives of regional SSE's, as well as deduced from case studies. All the activities performed by SSE to enhance entrepreneurship are extremely important and valuable. If SSE's continue with their diversified initiatives and support, the positive social and economical effects will cumulate.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUPPORTING INVESTMENT DECISIONS IN DAIRY FARMS - EVALUATION IN POLAND AND GERMANY
Authors: PARZONKO ANDRZEJ
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article was to present sources of information used by dairy farms in Mazowieckie Voivodeship to make investment decisions. In addition, the article was evaluated by a system made by one of the German institutions - Das Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft (KTBL), which supports decision-making in agricultural farms. According to surveys conducted, farms that implemented investment activities used information provided by manufacturers of agricultural machinery and equipment to evaluate their effectiveness. The weakness of this type of information was their reliability. An analysis of the information system proposed by KTBL indicates that it is useful for farmers making investment decisions as well as for decision makers defining directions of financial support for agricultural farms.
FRUIT POMACE AS A POTENTIAL ACTIVE FOOD INGREDIENT TO THE PRODUCTION ECOLOGICAL INNOVATIVE CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS
Authors: RADZYMIŃSKA MONIKA , GĄTARSKA ANNA , SIEMIANOWSKA EWA , PLATTA ANNA
Published: November 2022

This study was aimed at determining the feasibility of applying fruit pomace as an ingredient in the production of shortbread cookies. Analyses were conducted for 60 types of shortbread cookies made of ingredients originating from bio-farming. The cookies were made of white meal and wholemeal flours from emmer wheat and einkorn wheat. An additional ingredient of dough was dried and disintegrated fruit pomace left after the production of strawberry, raspberry, chokeberry, black currant, and apple juices, added at the levels of 10, 20 and 30% of flour weight. The sensory assessment of the cookies demonstrated that the type of wheat and flour affected their quality. The use of different types of flours allowed obtaining more or less crispy cookies. In addition, the enrichment of cookies with strawberry, raspberry, and black currant pomace ensured better sensory properties of these products compared to the cookies made according to a traditional recipe. The cookies with fruit pomace addition were characterized by significant health-promoting properties, which made them competitive to other food products of this category.
CHARACTERISTIC OF ACTIVITY RUN IN FOURTH PRIORITY OF RDP 2014-2020
Authors: MICKIEWICZ ANTONII , MICKIEWICZ BARTOSZ
Published: November 2022

The study presents 6 activities, which, according to the European regulations were included into the fourth priority of the RDP 2014-2020. The aim of the activity is renovation, protection and enhancement of ecosystems related to agriculture. The most support instruments in the framework of the whole program were allocated in the LFA payments (2.2 billion euros - 50.5%) and agri-environment-climate activities (1.2 billion euros - 27.6%). General activities under Priority 4 are responsible for spending 31.8% (4.2 billion) of indicative budget program for rural development, estimated on level of 13.5 billion euros, including 8.6 billion euros of EAFRD means.
EVAULATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF EU FUNDS BY THE WEST POMERANIAN VOIVODESHIP IN THE YEARS 2007 - 2013
Authors: BERA MILENA
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the use of EU funds by the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in the years 2007 – 2013as part of the Regional Operational Program and the National Programs. Their impact on the development of the region and society is discussed. In addition, the work carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of expenditure of funds by the voivodeship in comparison with other voivodeships in Poland.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONEMNTAL - LIMATE ACTIVITIES IN LOWER SILESIA - EXPERIENCE AND OPINIONS OF FARMERS
Authors: KRUSZYŃSKI MICHAŁ , WICIAK TOMASZ
Published: November 2022

Polish agricultural producers, under the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, have the opportunity to take advantage of the actions available under the next edition of the Rural Development Program (2014-2020). Ones of the most important pro-environmental initiatives, available under the RDP, are agri-environmental and climate action packages. The main purpose of the article is to present the state of implementation of the discussed act, that significantly impede agricultural producers from implementing pro-environmental measures in their farms.
ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC DIMENSION OF THERMOMODERNIZATION PROCESSES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SZCZECIN RESIDENTIAL SUBSTANCE
Authors: BRELIK AGNIESZKA
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is to discuss the economic benefits resulting from thermomodernization projects on the example of a selected housing substance. The verification of the following research hypothesis was used to achieve this goal. Thermo-modernization processes play a key role in the implementation of housing policy, because they can lead to a reduction inenergy consumption and operation costs. Achieving this task required the use of appropriate research methods and techniques, such as: analysis of available literature sources, methods of induction and deduction, and conducting a numerical experiment in order to assess the economic efficiency of thermo-modernization projects.Direct recipients of research results outside housing cooperatives, which at the present stage are considering the need to implement thermo-modernization projects, may also be local government authorities and their subordinate units.
A FLAT-RATE VAT SYSTEM OR GENERAL RULES IN AGRICULTURE?
Authors: KONDRASZUK TOMASZ
Published: November 2022

The aim of the paper is to present the most important problems of VAT in agriculture. The key issue concerns the assessment of the attempt to optimize the economic and financial performance of the VAT settlement. The farmer chooses and settles VAT in a flat-rate system or according to general rules. The question is which form is more favorable. On the basis of mathematical formulas, an appropriate criterion was chosen for the choice of the form of VAT settlements in agriculture. It is a very important issue from both: theoretical and practical point of view for the management of agricultural activity. The despite functioning of VAT in agriculture for many years, its rules are misinterpreted. From the point of view of the ordinary farmer, it means many cases erroneous choices and consequently reduced his efficiency. It is hoped that this publication will build theoretical foundaments and it will allow farmers to verify diagnoses and recommendations for VAT settlement in the management of agriculture.
PROTECTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS FOR THE ORIGIN OF PRODUCTS
Authors: ŻAK DARIUSZ
Published: November 2022

The main purpose of the article is to present the current legal status of the protection of geographical indications that serve to determine the origin of products. The author of the paper will present the essentials based on the subject matter related to the organizational and legal conditions of protection of geographical indications used to determine the origin of products. Protecting geographical indications allows you to use a product that has certain characteristics of origin and geographical conditions. This allows buyers of such products to receive unique merchandise. However, such a state is disturbed by the unfair anti-competitive behavior of other entrepreneurs. These are manifestations of various forms of infringement, causing a great deal of loss for those who produce them and sell them. It is therefore important for the State to have an important role in ensuring the safeguarding of geographical indications as it has the appropriate organizational and legal capacity to prevent and prevent such situations.
INTEGRATION OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND MANAGEMENT CONTROL IN GDYNIA MARITIME UNIVERSITY
Authors: SZKIEL AGATA
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the article to analyse the solutions implemented in Gdynia Maritime University (GMU) in the area of risk management as part of management control system and their evaluation for the possibility of applying them during the process of designing, documenting, and implementing actions related to risk management as part of an adjustment of the quality management system implemented in GMU to the requirements of the ISO 9001:2015 standard. The article presents the requirements regarding risk management specified in the ISO 9001:2015 standard, as well as those resulting from legal provisions on management control. The risk management model implemented in GMU as part of management control system has also been described and the recommendations for GMU regarding changes which should be applied to this model, in order for it to meet the ISO 9001:2015 requirements and be used in the quality management system, have been presented.
VARIATION IN THE SPATIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CONCEPT AND FUNCTIONAL SPECIFIC AREAS SPECIFICITY
Authors: NOWAK MACIEJ J. , MICKIEWICZ PAWEŁ
Published: November 2022

The analysis in this article are changing the system of spatial planning proposed in the draft code of urban planning - construction published by the Ministry of Infrastructure. The article reference both to the problems in the system of spatial planning and how they are addressed by the Urban Code draft.
THE IMPORTANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES IN THE NEW PROSPECTS FOR RDP 2014-2020
Authors: PRADZIADOWICZ MONIKA
Published: November 2022

The study approximated the scope and rules for the implementation of the action and Organic farming RDP 2014-2020 that the new financial perspective is a separate action. In RDP 2007-2013 organic farming was one of 9 packages - package 2 belonging to the 2nd priority axis. The budget for implementing the RDP 2014-2020 organic farming is € 699.9 million. It is anticipated that assistance under the RDP 2014-2020 will cover a total of a total of approx. 540 thousand. ha of organic crops. Supporting such a high level will make farmers willing to take and continue non-agricultural activity in the coming years. The work was based on data from ARiMR reports and other source documents originating from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MRiRW).
TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT IN THE EU AND SOCIAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: KUŁYK PIOTR
Published: November 2022

In the article were presented the changes taking place in the Common Agricultural Policy and social attitudes at regional level in the context of the idea of sustainable development. The study was showed on the basis of secondary data in accordance with the OECD's assessment methodology and questionnaire surveys. It shows that changes in agricultural policy were directedtowards introducing the principles of sustainable development. Similar attitudes and consumer attitudes can be assessed. Their decisions were increasingly determined also by social and environmental factors.
COHESION POLICY SUPPORT FOR ENTERPRISES
Authors: STEFANIAK JOANNA
Published: November 2022

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) are the cornerstone of the EU economy, but they face difficulties in accessing financing for their activities, especially investments. The European Commission strives to improve the competitiveness of the European Union and its regions. Therefore it is pursuing cohesion policy, which is now the EU's primary investment policy. Enterprise support has always been among aims of financing by the Structural Funds, but in the period of 2014-2020 it has been highlighted under a separate thematic objective “Enhancing the competitiveness of SME” with the largest funding of all themes. Business support is also included in other thematic regional policy objectives. The purpose of this article is to analyse the financing of business activities, especially for SMEs, within the framework of the EU cohesion policy. After analysing the EU documents and statistics, it can be argued that the opportunities for business support, especially for SMEs, are large and, in effective use, contributes to the mobilization of additional national public and private resources. Therefore this type of enterprises support should contribute to improving the competitiveness European enterprises as well as of the whole European Union and its regions.
GAME ANIMALS DAMAGE AS A PARTICULAR TYPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
Authors: SZWEJKOWSKA MAŁGORZATA , TRUSZKOWSKI WOJCIECH
Published: November 2022

The hunting economy is connected with the need to compensate for damages caused bygame animals. Financial compensation for damages caused by the environmental resource belongingto the State Treasury raises a lot of controversy. Therefore, the aim of the study is to analyzeeffectiveness of the compensation process. It is described by legal regulations, mainly Hunting Lawafter the amendment of June 2016, the Act on Nature Conservation and executive acts. The articlepresents the characteristics of damege caused by game animals, indicating the criteria such damagesfrom among the total damage to the environment, specific premises for liability for this type ofdamage and the group of entities obliged to repair it. The current system caused discontent amongagricultural producers. Objections were raised both to the amount of compensation and the methodof their calculation. There is announced a special purpose fund in this range. The introduction of thissolution is constantly postponed so far.
BEER MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER COUNTRIES: EVALUATION FROM ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: BORATYŃSKA KATARZYNA
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this article is to present the opportunities, trends of changes anddevelopments on the beer markets of intentionally selected 10 out of 28 EU members countries.Time span of analysis covers 2010-2016 period. This is a comparison study. First, is shown the levelof beer production and consumption, which is increased dramatically in the past. Second, the majortrends in beer consumption are presented. Considering, many of beer enterprises were taken over byforeign investors, thus the context of the beer market globalization is presented. The Authormentioned also tax excise level, which is one of the significant factor that should be taking intoaccount by beer producers.
ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT STATE AND MAIN DIRECTIONS EFFICIENCY FUNCTIONING OF AGRICULTURE OF BELARUS
Authors: SAIGANOV ANATOLI , KARPOVICH STANISLAV
Published: November 2022

The estimation of the current state of development of agriculture of Belarus and developed the basic directions of increase of efficiency of its functioning.
SYNTHETIC EVALUATION OF THE POLISH DISTANCE FROM THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE BASIS OF SELECTED INDICATORS OF THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Authors: WARZECHA KATARZYNA
Published: November 2022

Rapid development of technology, increase in living standards and demographic changes contribute to dynamic changes taking place in contemporary society. Specialists in the field of demography, pay special attention to the phenomenon of "aging society". It can therefore be assumed that in the future the demand for medical services provided by doctors specializing in treating older people will increase. The main objective of this study was to assess Poland's position against the background of the European Union countries based on selected indicators characterizing the health care system. The research attempted to answer the following questions: did the position of Poland in the aspect of the state of health care significantly change over the 10 years studied and are the countries of the European Union similar in terms of the state of health care development, and if so which typological groups are divided into? The subjects of the study were all European Union countries, and the research period was 2005 and 2015.
ANALYZING THE CONTEXT OF AN ORGANIZATION IN QUALITY, ENVIRONMENT, AND OHS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: WIERZOWIECKA JOANNA
Published: November 2022

One of the common requirements for all currently amended international standards ofmanagement systems consists in the requirement to understand the context of an organization. Thegoal of the article is to explain the terms related to defining and analyzing the context inorganizations which include an implemented quality, environment, or OHS management system.The article explains the terms context and interested parties. An attempt has been made to define thetypical external and internal factors, as well as the interested parties and their expectations whichmay be used when analyzing the context of an organization in terms of these systems. Propositionsof methods have been indicated, which may be taken advantage of to analyze the context of anorganization and manners of documenting the results of analyses.
DIFFERENTIATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL LEVEL IN RURAL COMMUNES OF THE WEST POMERANIAN VOIVODESHIP ACCORDING TO THE CRITERION FOR RESPONDENT’S AGE – SELECTED ASPECTS
Authors: BĘDZIK BEATA
Published: November 2022

The paper draws attention to the so-called soft factors, which are increasingly importantin generating progress in highly developed countries, and focuses on one of them, i.e. social capital.It forms on the basis of trust, cooperation, participation, and these components have the strongestinfluence in the immediate environment. At the same time, the strength of their impact decreaseswith the increase of the radius of range. Therefore, it implies the selection of measurement toolswhich optics should be limited locally. The aim of the article is to present the relationship betweensocial capital and respondent's age at the local level, i.e. in rural communes of the West PomeranianVoivodeship. This is important due to the search for categories that could contribute to creating andmultiplying social capital.
CAUSES OF DELAYS IN THE PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS BASED ON PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AWARDED BY THE COMMUNE OF TOMASZÓW MAZOWIECKI IN 2012-2016
Authors: CHMIELEWSKI MATEUSZ
Published: November 2022

Failure to meet the deadlines for the performance of construction works contracts usually haveserious consequences for participants in the investment and construction process. Proper recognitionand identification of significant factors affecting the non-completion of the performance of public works contracts allows for an objective assessment of the investor and contractor. The paper presentsan econometric model with the help of which the reasons for delays in the implementation ofconstruction contracts concluded on the basis of the Public Procurement Law are specified.
OPERATION OF ECOLOGICAL FARMS ON THE EXAPLE OF DISTRICT OF AUGUSTÓW – PROBLEMS OF NATURE, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
Authors: GOTKIEWICZ WOJCIECH , WASZKIEWICZ WOJCIECH
Published: November 2022

Organic farming is a system of agricultural production that allows reconciling economic, social andenvironmental functions of agricultural areas, especially those that are characterized by valuablenatural resources and at the same time are devoid of major industrial centers. That is why theAugustów poviat was selected for research, located in the northern part of the Podlasie Voivodship,which is characterized by a very large share of legally protected areas, and at the same time from aneconomic point of view is included in problem areas. Field research using an interview questionnairewas carried out in 2017 and covered 55 randomly selected organic farms. Research has shown thatthe development of organic farming in this area depends primarily on financial aid addressed tofarmers, greater availability of organic food, introduction of a richer range of products to improvemarket organization, and especially distribution channels.
ACCOUNTANCY AS TOOL FOR EVALUATION AND MEASUREMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL FARMS
Authors: MACHNACKI MIROSŁAW
Published: November 2022

The chief aim of the study is to determine the basic features of sustainable farming and to determineways of measuring it. Measurement and evaluation of sustainable development of farming goesbeyond the traditional date of the accounting system. As shown in the study, the FADN data can beused for developing certain measures of sustainability on the scale of a single farm, as well as foranalysis and evaluation of a number of farms. On account of the nature of farming productionprocesses, which involve a variety of natural environment factors, agricultural accountancy providesa great deal of information that can be used in evaluation of environmental impact of a farm.Integrated evaluation of sustainability of a farm is comprised of environmental evaluation, socialevaluation, and economic evaluation.
CONSUMER TRUST AND RELATIONSHIP LENGTH WITH THE SERVICE PROVIDER
Authors: RUDZEWICZ ADAM
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the meaning of the consumer trust in business operations and theresults of consumer trust estimation using the example of the mobile telecommunication sector.Next, the effect of estimated trust on the length of customer cooperation with a given serviceprovider was determined. It is assumed that the consumer trust towards the enterprise or its productspromotes the sustainability of trade relations. This thesis was subject to empirical verification. Theobtained results prove the correctness of the thesis put forward. On the basis of conducted researchand after developing a model of linear regression and coefficients of correlation, it was found thatno relation exists between the trust and the length of cooperation between a given customer and agiven service provider. The results obtained could be an effect of the specificity of the sector underanalysis (oligopoly) and the group of respondents, consisting of young people. On the basis of the research and methodological limitations, it cannot be concluded thatthere is no relationship between trust and the length of trading relationship. On the other hand, thereare situations where in certain circumstances (low confidence culture) indeed such relationship maybe disturbed.
INFLUENCE OF GLOBALISATION ON TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: BRELIK AGNIESZKA
Published: November 2022

The globalization process, which causes the interdependence of world economies, isidentified mainly in the economic and social area. Analyzing statistical data on tourism, itcan be stated that globalization positively influences the shaping and development of thetourism economy. The process itself, taking into account the capital links of the tourismservices markets, is sensitive to crisis situations. It was important to present the market oftourist services in the globalization process. The article is of review and conceptual nature.The purpose of the article was to identify the phenomenon of globalization in tourism. The research was conducted using a review of national and foreign literature on the subject aswell as descriptive and comparative analysis.
RELATIONS AS A BASIC RESOURCE OF „NEW ECONOMIES” – CHALLENGE FOR MANAGEMENT
Authors: JAMKA BEATA
Published: November 2022

The economic crisis of the end of the first decade of 21st century called one’s attention to aims and values of economy, in particular to the deepening depreciation of the human ones. “New economies” being the matter under discussion in the article (sharing economy, the thank you economy, and the economics of “free stuff”) emerge from observations of current economical processes, and take attempt to get the meaning of them in the changed/changing under technological influence new reality, in which the basic role is played by intangible resources, especially by human relations. The aim of the article is to visualize the growing importance of relations as foundations and leading asset of contemporary economics. The argument is based on critical analysis of subject literature of economics, psychology and sociology, and research reports. Despite their evident lacks and not specified ground terms, “new economies” lead a core statement of the need for the aims of economy paradigm change, to make them fit better to the changed/changing socio-economical practice.
INTERPRETATIVE PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ACT IN THE VIEWS OF THE PROFESSIONAL MAGAZINES
Authors: DYL-NIEDŹWIECKA MARIA
Published: November 2022

Public Procurement System (PPS) plays key role in the contemporary market economy. The system is also an important tool of public expenditure. Public procurement system operates in EU and Poland as well. A lot of misunderstandings which arose due to present version of the Polish Public Procurement Act were the subjects of the articles in our domestic professional PPS magazines. The publication summarises the arguments and conclusions of these articles. Preliminary survey of 3 the most popular monthly magazines has been carried out and 57 issue are the following: 

- bid assessment criteria,- subcontracting on the Polish public procurement market,- the key decisions in the public procurement procedures.
LOYALTY PROGRAMS AND CONSUMER LOYALTY
Authors: RUDZEWICZ ADAM
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the article is to recognize the impact of loyalty programs on consumer purchasing behavior. Loyalty programs are very popular among consumers. Food, clothing and petrol stations deserve special distinction. Respondents consider the most important element of loyalty programs to be able to obtain lower prices of products or small prizes. The majority of customers believe that loyalty programs have a large or very large impact on the repeatability of purchases. It is a very effective marketing tool that can be used to consolidate the relationship between the company and its clients.
PLACE OF INNOVATION IN THE CONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT CONCEPT
Authors: DREWS AGNIESZKA
Published: November 2022

This study attempts to present current concepts of organization management and related consequences for the innovative activity of modern small and medium-sized enterprises. The article have a theoretical and empirical nature. The first part of the publication contains short reflections on the importance of paradigms in management sciences, supplemented with the main assumptions of the dominant trends and research concepts in this field. In turn, the second part includes the results of research in the field of innovation audit, which were carried out on the sample 80 Polish SMEs distinguished in the Business Gazelles 2016 Ranking. The study, using the CAWI method, was conducted and presented in accordance with the research procedure of the creators of the innovation audit - J. Tidd and J. Bessant.
TO THE WEBSITE OF GRIVALISATION
Authors: GERAGA MAGDALENA
Published: November 2022

The aim of the article is to present various ways of using grammar in brand creation (in the case of external clients), and to motivate the team - both representatives of the Y and Z generation, as well as the older, X, but undergoing the charm of the game and submerged every day in the virtual world. Taking on a very different form, gamification is becoming an increasingly used motivator in the reality in which we are more and more often and more often subject to immersion.
IMPACT OF GEOGRAPHIC AND RELATIONAL PROXIMITY OF COMPETITORS ON INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES IN THE WIELKOPOLSKA INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM
Authors: MAJEWSKA ALICJA
Published: November 2022

The main purpose of the publication is to examine the impact of geographic proximity and relational competitors of industrial enterprises on innovation activity. The analysis included the Wielkopolska Region, the years 2014-2016. Probability calculus - modeling probit variables was used for the study. Research results indicate that the further the competitors' distance to each other is, the greater the likelihood of innovative activities. The research referring to the relationship with a competitor showed a low probability of the occurrence of innovative activity while maintaining close contacts with competitors. Even if competitors maintain contact with each other (close or far) does not affect the cooperation in the framework of innovative activity.
MODIFICATION OF THE COMPENSATION SYSTEM IN A RAILWAY COMPANY DURING THE RESTRUCTURING PROCESS
Authors: KLAJA-GAWEŁ BEATA
Published: November 2022

In literature, the problem of rewarding employees and compensation systems in companies during the restructuring process is rarely discussed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the compensation system and to examine changes that have occurred in a compensation system in the railway company which is in the process of restructuring. The paper presents the results of original research. The study used the following methods: structured interviews, participant observation and analysis of documents.
EU FUNDS AND INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE SME SECTOR - RESTRICTIONS IN APPLYING FOR EU FUNDS
Authors: KRUPSKA JOANNA
Published: November 2022

The SME sector is the main source of economic development. Therefore, a number of activities of the European Commission and the Polish government are aimed at supporting the competitiveness of this group of enterprises. These entities, however, due to the specific conditions of their mode of operation, stumble upon a number of restrictions that discourage them from using EU Funds.
THE PROBLEM OF EMPLYMENT OPTIMIZATION, AND THE QUALITY OF HUMAN POTENTIAL IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN POLAND WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: FIRLEJ KRZYSZTOF , KUBALA SEBASTIAN
Published: November 2022

Human capital is one of the main factors of socio-economic development, which directly affects the efficiency of work, also in the agricultural sector. Education, skills and competences of employees are some of the factors determining work productivity. The purpose of the article was to study trends between the level of employment in agriculture and the number of people graduating from agricultural schools. The aim was to determine the level of productivity of human potential in the agricultural sector in Poland compared to the European Union countries. Studies have shown that one of the main problems associated with the future of Polish agriculture is the decreasing number of students and graduates of agricultural higher education, as well as the low level of labor productivity index. Spearman's rank correlation and its significance tests were used as the main method, and research into the effectiveness of the agricultural sector's operation was based on the ratio being the value added per employee.
RISK MANAGEMENT SELF-ASSESSMENT IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: SZKIEL AGATA
Published: November 2022

An integral part of any quality management system implemented in accordance with the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 standard should be risk management that may negatively affect the level of achievement of quality objectives defined by the organization. One of the models that an organization can use when designing the risk management process as part of its quality management system is the model described in ISO 31000:2009 guidelines. The standard recommends, among other things, that the organization systematically assesses the effectiveness of the risk management process in order to identify the needs of its improvement. One of the methods that an organization can use to assess the effectiveness and maturity of the risk management process is self-assessment.The aim of the article is to present the possibility of consistent use of ISO 9004:2009 and ISO 31000:2009 guidelines to conduct self-assessment of risk management in quality management systems implemented based on the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 standard. The article discusses the process of risk management self-assessment, and also presents examples of criteria for assessing the maturity of the risk management process, which can be used by organizations to conduct self-assessment and interpretation of its results.
PRODUCT PLACEMENT AS A COMPANY IMAGE CONSTRUCTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF SELECTED TELEVISION SERIES
Authors: KUFLEWSKA WIOLETA , JUSZCZUK KLAUDIA
Published: November 2022

This article deals with the issue of a modern form of advertising, which is product placement, specifically the method of image building on the example of television series. The paper presents short information about the history and definitions of product placement and the results of empirical research aimed at determining the impact of product placement on purchasing decisions of the surveyed consumers. The research was carried out on November 2017 using an anonymous questionnaire on a group of 130 people, Polish residents over the age of fourteen.