bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prognosis of Glyphosate herbicide intoxicated patients according to their salt types
Authors: Jeong Min Gyu , Keum Kyoung Tak , Ahn Seongjun , Kim Yong Hwan , Lee Jun Ho , Cho Kwang Won , Hwang Seong Youn , Lee Dong Woo
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Glyphosate herbicide (GH) is a widely used herbicide and has been associated with significant mortality as poisoned cases increases. One of the reasons for high toxicity is thought to be toxic effect of its ingredient with glyphosate. This study was designed to determine differences in the clinical course with the salt-type contained in GH. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at a single hospital between January 2013 and December 2017. We enrolled GH-poisoned patients visited the emergency department. According to salt-type, patients were divided into 4 groups: isopropylamine (IPA), ammonium (Am), potassium (Po), and mixed salts (Mi) groups. The demographics, laboratory variables, complications, and their mortality were analyzed to determine clinical differences associated with each salt-type. Addtionally, we subdivided patients into survivor and non-survivor groups for investigating predictive factors for the mortality. Results: Total of 348 GH-poisoned patients were divided as follows: IPA 248, Am 41, Po 10, and Mi 49 patients. There was no difference in demographic or underlying disease history, but systolic blood pressure (SBP) was low in Po group. The ratio of intentional ingestion was higher in Po and Mi groups. Metabolic acidosis and relatively high lactate level were presented in Po group. As the primary outcome, the mortality rates were as follows: IPA, 26 (10.5%); Am, 2 (4.9%); Po, 1 (10%); and Mi, 1 (2%). There was no statistically significant difference in the mortality and the incidence of complications. Additionally, age, low SBP, low pH, corrected QT (QTc) prolongation, and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation were analyzed as independent predictors for mortality in a regression analysis. Conclusion: There was no statistical difference in their complications and the mortality across the GH-salt groups in this study.
Assessment of early nutritional state in critical patients with intoxication and the effect of nutritional status on prognosis
Authors: Ko Dong-wan , Choi Sangcheon , Min Young-gi , Lee Hyuk jin , Park Eun Jung
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Nutritional status and support in critically ill patients are important factors in determining patient recovery and prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the early nutritional status and the methods of nutritional support in critically ill patients with acute poisoning and to evaluate the effect of nutritional status on prognosis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in tertiary care teaching hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. in an emergency department of university hospital, 220 patients who were stayed more than 2 days of poisoning in intensive care unit were enrolled. Results: 155 (70.5%) of patients with acute poisoning had low-risk in nutritional risk screening (NRS). Patients with malignancy had higher NRS (low risk 5.2%, moderate risk 18.5%, high risk 13.2%, p=0.024). Patients of 91.4% supplied nutrition via oral route or enteral route. Parenteral route for starting method of nutritional support were higher in patients with acute poisoning of herbicide or pesticide (medicine 3.2%, herbicide 13.8%, pesticide 22.2%, p=0.000). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, herbicide or pesticide intoxication, higher risk in NRS and sequential organ failure assessment over 4.5 were affecting factor on poor recovery at discharge. Conclusion: NRS in patients intoxicated with herbicide or pesticide were higher than that in patients intoxicated with medicine intoxication. Enteral nutrition in patients intoxicated with herbicide or pesticide was less common. Initial NRS was correlated with recovery at discharge in patient with intoxication. It is expected to be helpful in finding patients with high-risk nutritional status in acute poisoning patients and establishing a treatment plan that can actively implement nutritional support.
A Case of Cobra Antivenom Therapy in a Patient Bitten by Elapid Snake in South Korea
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Kwon In Ho
Published: June 2023

Elapid snakes have neurotoxic venom which causes diverse neuroparalytic manifestations, including fatal respiratory failure. In South Korea, since elapid snakebites are very rare, the cobra antivenom, which is effective against neurotoxicity, was only introduced recently. Most physicians in South Korea have little experience in the treatment of patients who have been bitten by elapid snakes. A 19-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with sudden diplopia, 1 hour after a snakebite on the left 2nd finger. The patient presented with drowsiness and complained of mild dizziness and binocular diplopia. After 1 hour, he had sudden onset of dyspnea and dysphagia and appeared to be agitated. He was immediately intubated and received mechanical ventilation as he was unable to breathe on his own. A total of 2.5 mg of neostigmine diluted with normal saline was slowly infused, and 1 vial of cobra antivenom was infused for an hour, 5 times every 2 hours, for a total of 5 vials. He slowly recovered self-breathing; on the 3rd day of hospitalization, he showed tolerable breathing and was extubated. He was discharged without any neurological deficits or other complications.
Epidemiology of patients with snake bite or envenomation in emergency department: NEDIS (National Emergency Department Information System)
Authors: Serok Lee , Woochan Jeon
Published: June 2023

Purpose: This study utilizes the NEDIS (National Emergency Department Information System) database to suggest a predictive model for snakebite and envenomation in Korea by analyzing the geographical distribution and seasonal variation of snakebite patients visiting the ER. Methods: This was a retrospective study on snakebite patients visiting the ER using the NEDIS database from January 2014 to December 2019. The subjects include patients with the KCD (Korea Standard Classification of Disease) disease code T63.0 (Toxic effect of contact with snake venom). Geographical location, patient gender, patient age, date of ER visit, treatment during the ER stay, and disposition were recorded to analyze the geographical distribution and seasonal variation of snakebite patients in Korea. Results: A total of 12,521 patients were evaluated in this study (7,170 males, 54.9%; 5,351 females, 40.9%). The average age was 58.5±17.5 years. In all, 7,644 patients were admitted with an average admission time of 5.04±4.7 days, and 2 patients expired while admitted. The geographical distribution was Gyeongsang 3,370 (26.9%), Cheonra 2,692 (21.5%), Chungcheong 2,667 (21.3%), Seoul Capital area 1,999 (16.0%), Kangwon 1,457 (11.6%), and Jeju 336 (2.7%). The seasonal variation showed insignificant incidences in winter and higher severity in spring and summer than in fall: winter 27 (0.2%), spring 2,268 (18.1%), summer 6,847 (54.7%), and fall 3,380 (27.0%). Conclusion: Patients presenting with snakebites and envenomation in the emergency room were most common in the Gyeongsang area and during summer. The simple seasonal model predicted that 436 snakebites and 438 envenomation cases occurred in July and August. The results of this study can be applied to suitably distribute and stock antivenom. Appropriate policies can be formed to care for snakebite patients in Korea.
Clinical features related to alcohol co-ingestion of deliberate self-poisoning patients visiting the emergency department
Authors: Gyu Won Kim , Woon Jeong Lee , Daehee Kim , June Young Lee , Sang Yun Kim , Sikyoung Jeong , Sungyoup Hong , Seon Hee Woo
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Alcohol is one of the most commonly co-ingested agents in deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) cases presenting at the emergency department (ED). The increased impulsivity, aggressiveness, and disinhibition caused by alcohol ingestion may have different clinical features and outcomes in cases of DSP. This study investigates whether alcohol co-ingestion affects the clinical features and outcomes of DSP patients in the ED. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study. We investigated DSP cases who visited our ED from January 2010 to December 2016. Patients were classified into two groups: with (ALC+) or without (ALC–) alcohol co-ingestion. The clinical features of DSP were compared by considering the co-ingestion of alcohol, and the factors related to discharge against medical advice (AMA) of DSP were analyzed. Results: A total of 689 patients were included in the study, with 272 (39.5%) in the ALC+ group. Majority of the ALC+ group patients were middle-aged males (45-54 years old) and arrived at the ED at night. The rate of discharge AMA from ED was significantly higher in the ALC+ group (130; 47.8%) compared to the ALC– group (p=0.001). No significant differences were obtained in the poisoning severity scores between the two groups (p=0.223). Multivariate analysis revealed that alcohol co-ingestion (odds ratio [OR]=1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.98), alert mental status (OR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.17-2.32), past psychiatric history (OR=0.04; 95% CI, 0.01-0.28), age >65 years (OR=0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.78), and time from event to ED arrival >6 hrs (OR=0.57; 95% CI, 0.37-0.88) were independent predictive factors of discharge AMA (p=0.043, p=0.004, p=0.001, p=0.006, and p=0.010, respectively). Conclusion: Our results determined a high association between alcohol co-ingestion and the outcome of discharge AMA in DSP patients. Emergency physicians should, therefore, be aware that DSP patients who have co-ingested alcohol may be uncooperative and at high risk of discharge AMA.
Contradicting effects of subjective economic and cultural values on ocean protection willingness: preliminary evidence of 42 countries
Authors: Nguyen Quang-Loc , Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Le Tam-Tri , Ma Thao-Huong , Singh Ananya , Minh Phuong-Duong , Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: June 2023

Coastal protection is crucial to human development since the ocean has
many values associated with the economy, ecosystem, and culture.
However, most ocean-protecting efforts are currently ineffective due to
the burdens of finance, lack of appropriate management, and
international cooperation regimes. For aiding bottom-up initiatives for
ocean protection support, this study employed the Mindsponge Theory to
examine how the public’s perceived economic and cultural values
influence their willingness to support actions to protect the ocean.
Analyzing the European-Union-Horizon-2020-funded dataset of 709
respondents from 42 countries, we discovered that perceived economic
values have negative effects on the tendency of ocean protection
supports (i.e., food, transportation, renewable energy, oil and gas, and
recreation). In contrast, certain perceived cultural values can help
increase the willingness to do so (i.e., mental well-being and sense of
identity). However, the effects of perceived cultural values are only
moderately reliable. These findings suggest that designing cultural
information delivery campaigns can help promote coastal reserve
supports, such as fundraisings and preserving the oceans from the
community.
Virus-virus interactions of enteroviruses and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 interventions on the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in Nanchang, China
Authors: Zhou Xianfeng , Qian Ke , Zhu Chunlong , Yi Liu , Tu Junling , Yang Shu , Zhang Yanxia , Zhang Yanglin , Xia Wen , Ni Xiansheng , Xu Tielong , He Fenglan , Li Hui
Published: June 2023

Pathogen spectrum of Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has
substantially changed in the past decade. How do the co-circulating
pathogens interact and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) intervene
the incidence of HFMD remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the virus-virus
interaction (VVI) of EVs using Spearman’s Correlation in Nanchang,
China. And the impact of COVID-19 intervention on HFMD incidence was
estimated using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average
(ARIMA) models. Enterovirus (EV) serotypes were determined by RT-PCR.
From 2019 to 2022, 1321 (57.5%) out of 2296 HFMD cases were
EV-positive, in which coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) and CVA16 were the major
pathogens, accounting for 34.0%-59.6% and 14.9%-31.4%, respectively.
Our analyses provide strong statistical support for the existence of
VVIs among enteroviruses, in which CVA6 negatively interacted with CVA16
and EV-A71, and positive VVI between CVA16 and EV-A71 was observed.
While CVA6 has a (albeit inconsistent) seasonal pattern in Nanchang,
typically peaking in fall-winter months before COVID-19 epidemic, CVA16
and EV-A71 contemporaneously peaks around May, supporting the
epidemiological VVIs among these strains. During the COVID-19 epidemic,
the seasonal HFMD epidemic peak was restrained, indicating the COVID-19
intervention had mitigated EV transmission. Moreover, we first figured
out the serotypes from other enteroviruses, among them CVA4, CVA2, CVA5
and CVB3 were the major agents accounting for 34.8%, 23.9%, 23.9% and
10.9%, respectively. Taken together, CVA6 and CVA16 were currently the
most predominant pathogens negatively interacted with each other in
Nanchang, while NPIs of COVID-19 outbreaks interfered the interactions
by mitigating their incidence and transmission.
Methanol Fraction of Daniellia oliveri (ROLFE) Leaves Induces Mitochondrial-mediated Apoptosis in Rats via Alteration of Liver Mitochondrial Viability
Authors: Achem Jonah , Onyiba Cosmos I. , Banwo Olamilekan Gabriel , Oluwatoyin O. Ojo , Olorunsogo Olufunso O.
Published: June 2023

Background: Alteration of mitochondrial viability by induction
of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) brings about
mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. D. oliveri is a medicinal plant
traditionally used for the management of certain ailments including
tumours. Purpose: Investigating effects of Methanol Fraction of
D. oliveri Leaves (MFDO) on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.
Methods: Twenty-four male rats (70-90 g) were grouped into 4
according to intraperitoneal treatments (14 days): control (distilled
water), 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg MFDO. The mitochondrial ATPase and DNA
fragmentation were assayed by spectrophotometry. Apoptotic biomarkers
were assayed by immunohistochemistry. Caspases-3 and -9 were assessed
using ELISA. GC-MS was employed to identify compounds in MFDO.
Results: MFDO exhibited invitro antioxidant
properties through inhibition of DPPH and ferric radicals. There was
induction of mPT by 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg MFDO relative to control.
Furthermore, MFDO inhibited mLPO and enhanced mATPase relative to
control. Expression of Bax, p53 and cytochrome c proteins were
up-regulated, while Bcl-2 protein expression was down-regulated.
Caspase-3 and -9 activities were enhanced, and DNA fragmentation was
induced. GC-MS of MFDO revealed the presence of apoptosis-inducing
compounds. Conclusion: MFDO induces mitochondrial-mediated
apoptosis via alteration of rats liver mitochondrial viability. MFDO is
therefore relevant for drug development against diseases.
Co-firing and microwave pre-treatment of lignocellulosic pellets for control of thermochemical conversion of biomass mixtures and sustainable energy production
Authors: Valdmanis Raimonds , Sints Viesturs , Zake Maija
Published: June 2023

Original experimental device with heat output up to 20 kW was developed and tested with the aim to provide wider use of the locally available renewable energy resources - agriculture residues (wheat straw) for sustainable energy production and reduced effect of energy production on climate changes. To provide efficient control of thermochemical conversion of straw pellets, mixtures of straw pellets with microwave (mw) pre-treated straw or wood pellets were used, providing selective pre-treatment of the mixture components at frequency 2.45 GHz with temperatures of pre-treatment 473 K and 548 K. The effect of selective microwave pre-treatment of the mixture components on kinetics of thermochemical conversion was estimated providing complex on-line measurements of the flame temperature, produced heat and composition of the products at different stages of the mixture’s thermochemical conversion. The results of complex measurements reveal that selective microwave pre-treatment of mixture components can be used as a tool to provide control of ignition and burnout of mixtures and composition of the products. The most pronounced effect during thermochemical conversion of selectively activated mixtures was observed for the mixture of raw straw with additives of pre-treated wood pellets with mass fraction 30%, when the total amount of produced heat can be increased about 9%, produced heat energy per mass of burned mixture by more than 5%, the volume fraction of carbon-neutral CO2 emission in the products relative to that for raw straw pellets by 7% with decrease of the mass fraction of polluting NOx emissions in the products by 18% confirming cleaner sustainable heat energy production and improved heat production efficiency.
Study of dehydration of organic sapropel by compression method
Authors: Tsiz Igor , Khomych Serhiі , Didukh Volodymyr , Yukhymchuk Serhiі
Published: June 2023

In the Polissya part of the Volyn region of Ukraine there are mainly sod-podzolic soils, which are characterized by low natural fertility, so the application of fertilizers, especially organic ones, is a determining factor in obtaining high yields. For this region, a great reserve for increasing soil fertility is the use of sapropels as organic fertilizers. The potential of sapropels as an alternative source of organic matter for the preservation and reproduction of soil fertility in Ukraine as a whole is 140 million tons when converted to 60% moisture. In its natural state, sapropel is a colloidal system with a moisture content of 92...98%. Therefore, the main and most energy-intensive operation of its processing is dehydration. Studies have shown that free (capillary) moisture is the least energetically bound, it is held in the material mechanically due to its porous structure and can be extracted by compression. Known studies of this process are based on discrete measurements. Therefore, an automated system for measuring the amount of water released from sapropel in the process of its compression in a closed volume with information processing using computer technology was developed. To build an automated measuring device we used a strain gauge (SBR-1); analog to digital converter (NX 711); water flow sensor (YF-S401). As a controller Arduino UNO ATmega 328P-PU was used, and for signal processing on a computer – LabVIEW environment. To obtain a mathematical model of the studied process in the form of a regression equation, a symmetric non-compositional plan of the Box-Behnkin experiment of the second order was used. According to the obtained regression equation, the response surface was constructed. Based on the analysis of the response surface, it was found that it is possible to reduce the water content in the studied samples of organic sapropel from 94% to a minimum value of 72-74% at a sample pressure of 80-100 kPa and a holding time under load of 22-26 s.
Modification of AlSi7Mg alloy with Sr and Sb
Authors: Lipinski Tomasz , Pietraszak Jacek
Published: June 2023

Hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloys called hypoeutectic silumins have been used for foundry structural elements. Their properties depend directly on the microstructure. They are one of the few metal alloys that are characterized by a simultaneous increase in strength and elongation. This is possible by changing the shape of the eutectic silicon precipitates from the lamellar form to the dendritic or, less frequently, spheroidal form. Hard and at the same time brittle silicon plates are natural notches occurring in silumins. They are also places of nucleation and development of microcracks leading to the destruction of the material. Modification of the shape of this unfavourable phase to an oval shape leads to an increase in the properties of the alloy. A number of silumin modification processes are known in the literature. These processes can be divided into technological ones, in which the geometric form of eutectic silicon is changed, e.g. by controlling the crystallization of the alloy by means of a temperature gradient. The second group of processes are chemical modification processes. During these processes, chemical additives introduced into the liquid alloy by affecting the crystallization process cause changes in the microstructure. The influence of a very large number of chemical elements on the alloy crystallization process is known. Unfortunately, among so many reports, there is contradictory information about the impact of individual additives. In this work, it was decided to check the repeatability of the test results found in the literature in other technological conditions. Typical hypoeutectic silumin containing 7% silicon with the addition of magnesium was tested. The alloy was modified only with antimony and a double modification consisting in modification with strontium and then with antimony was carried out. The contents of antimony and strontium were taken from the literature. As a result of the tests, it was noticed that the addition of antimony leads to the modification of the microstructure, and thus to the increase of the mechanical properties of the alloy. After double modification with strontium and then with antimony, changes in mechanical properties oscillating around the measurement error were obtained. It can therefore be assumed that modification of the alloy with antimony after prior permanent modification with strontium is not very effective.
Research in mineral fertiliser particle throwing distance from new centrifugal fertilizer spreader working tool
Authors: Bulgakov Volodymyr , Holovach Ivan , Adamchuk Oleg , Rucins Adolfs , Aboltins Aivars
Published: June 2023

The produced mineral fertiliser spreaders have the working width and productivity that do not satisfy today’s requirements in high-technology agricultural production. It refers also to the distance the mineral fertiliser particle can reach. We have developed a new centrifugal fertilizer spreading working tool with an inclined axis of rotation. It allows for increased distance of mineral particles at centrifugal spreading. The aim of the present research is to determine the throwing distance of the mineral particle from the spreading disc inclined to the horizon. The analytical research has been performed using the methods of modeling, mechanics and mathematics, as well as methods of calculation and computer modeling. In the result of the theoretical research differential equations were obtained describing throwing of the mineral fertiliser particles from the blades and their further distance after leaving the working tool. In the result of calculations new graphical dependences have been obtained of the throwing time from the blades and the distance the particles of different mineral fertilisers can reach, in particular ammonium nitrate, depending on the frequency of the disc rotation, angles of inclination to the horizontal plane, radius of feeding the mineral fertiliser particles, coefficient of friction along the surface of the disc etc. The obatined new analytical expressions and the developed graphical dependences allowed for determination of the working tool parameters that ensure maximal distance of mineral fertiliser particles at centrifugal spreading. The performed experimental investigations proved the correctness of the theoretical research and showed increased throwing distance at the used improved parameters of the new centrifugal working tool.
Observations of Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) associated with abundance of spawning Kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) at an inland river, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Raymond Sage , Strauss Julius , Flood Nancy
Published: June 2023

Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are an important food source for Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos), but many salmon populations are declining. While most research on Grizzly Bear–salmon interactions occurs in coastal ecosystems, declining salmon may also affect Grizzly Bears in inland ecosystems where salmon are also an important part of their diet. We document changes in the number and distribution of observations of Grizzly Bears and changing Kokanee (i.e., landlocked Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka) abundance at an inland river. We hypothesized that reduced abundance of Kokanee would limit the number of Grizzly Bear observations at the river. We compared Kokanee abundance and Grizzly Bear observations (n = 535) between 2012 and 2019 at the Lardeau River, British Columbia, Canada. We used a generalized linear mixed model to test if the number of bear observations changed as a function of Kokanee abundance among four river reaches during eight consecutive years of study. Kokanee abundance was a strong statistical predictor of Grizzly Bear observations (β = 0.52, P = 0.001, CI = 0.12–0.87), and Kokanee abundance and reach explained 73% of the variance. Our results suggest that reduced Kokanee abundance also reduces Grizzly Bear presence, likely because bears seek out other, more available food sources, away from Kokanee spawning habitat. This pattern could limit ecosystem services provided by Grizzly Bears adjacent to spawning areas and it could have implications for bear management and conservation.
Combining current and historical biodiversity surveys reveals order of magnitude greater richness in a British Columbia marine protected area
Authors: Wonham Marjorie , Gerstle Catherine , Bates Colin
Published: June 2023

The value of biodiversity and of documented biodiversity surveys is well established. Extracting historical biodiversity data and synthesizing them with current data can provide a more comprehensive estimate of total diversity and guide future monitoring. We demonstrate the utility of compiling historical and recent biodiversity data to better characterize taxon richness and composition. Our focus is an otherwise unmonitored habitat in an unmonitored British Columbia provincial park, in a heavily impacted region of the Salish Sea that was designated a United Nation Biosphere Reserve in 2021. We conducted surveys and compiled historical records that together spanned three intertidal habitats and 43 years. From these combined data we report a total of 99 taxa, an order of magnitude increase over the number listed in the park’s Master Plan. These include seven non-native species, of which four are newly reported here. Rarefaction, extrapolation, and multivariate dissimilarity analyses revealed the roles of methods and habitat types in contributing to differences in taxon richness and composition among surveys. This data compilation illustrates many of the challenges and opportunities in aligning and assembling independent space-time snapshots of alpha (i.e., local) diversity to better understand the gamma (i.e., regional) diversity of a marine protected area and provides the foundational data needed to design effective future monitoring at molecular to ecosystem scales.
Cases of freeze-dried freshwater turtles at the northern limit of their ranges in southern Ontario
Authors: Dupuis-Désormeaux Marc , Gillingwater Scott , Carstairs Sue
Published: June 2023

Turtles in northern latitudes are at the limit of their ranges and display various strategies for surviving the winter, including moving under the ice and out of water. Anthropogenic disturbances are often at the root of local habitat changes that can cause turtles to move from underwater refugia onto land, sometimes resulting in freezing and death. Turtles may also leave the water under natural freeze–thaw cycles, with early exits potentially maladaptive and lethal. We document cases of freshwater turtles freezing out of water at all life stages. We give a brief description of the circumstances surrounding the discovery of freeze-dried carcasses and highlight some of the climatic challenges facing overwintering turtles in southern Ontario.
A Bayesian Approach to the Sensitivity of Parameters Misspecification in The Seemingly Unrelated Regression Models
Authors:   Department of Statistics University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria, Alaba Oluwayemisi Oyeronke
Published: June 2023

The omission of important variables is often encountered in econometrics, which often results in the misspecification of the model. This study considered a misspecified joint seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model within the Bayesian context. The explanatory variables were generated from a uniform distribution for sample sizes 5, 10, 30, 50, 100 and 1000. The coefficients of were generated from the multivariate normal distribution. Different levels of correlation (0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9) among the independent variables were considered. The choice of hyperprior distribution was explored. Due to the incorrectly defined model, the intended attribute of unbiasedness in the estimated coefficients, which depends on the fitted model's correspondence with the actual underlying data-generating process, was not attained. Irregular patterns were seen in the posterior means and standard deviations except for a few large sample sizes. Keywords: Misspecification, Multicollinearity, Posterior mean, Posterior standard deviation, Seemingly unrelated regression.
Extended eigenvalues of 2 × 2 block operator matrices
Authors: Ammar Aymen , Boutaf Fatima , Jeribi Aref
Published: June 2023

In this work, the notion of extended eigenvalues of a 2 ? 2 lower triangular operator matrix has been researched. More precisely, the relations between the extended spectrum of a 2 ? 2 lower triangular operator matrix with the spectrum, the point spectrum, and the extended spectrum of its diagonal entries have been investigated. The obtained results have been supplemented by examples. In addition, some properties of the extended spectrum of 2 ? 2 block operator matrices have been displayed.
Some properties of the condition pseudospectrum of multivalued linear operators
Authors: Ammar Aymen , Jeribi Aref , Zayed Mayssa
Published: June 2023

The main goal of this paper is to introduce the condition pseudospectrum of multivalued linear operators and prove several relations to the usual spectrum. We start by giving the definition then we focus on the characterization, the stability and some of their properties.
On the Steklov averages in operator cosine function framework
Authors: Kivinukk Andi , Seletski Anna
Published: June 2023

The Steklov averages (Steklov or integral means) are used in approximation theory of functions in different aspects. This article concerns the Steklov averages by using the operator cosine function framework. The operator cosine function offers a counterpart of the translation operator, which forms the basic concept for the modulus of continuity and for some approximation processes as well. We will show that the operator cosine function concept allows to define very general Steklov averages in an abstract Banach space. The approximation properties of these generalized Steklov averages appear to be quite similar to the properties of the Steklov averages in trigonometric approximation.
Asymptotic stability of stochastic differential equations driven by G-Lévy process with delay feedback control
Authors: Shen Guangjun , Wu Xueying , Yin Xiuwei
Published: June 2023

Given an unstable stochastic differential equations, the stabilisation by delay feedback controls for such equations under Lipschitz conditions or highly nonlinear conditions have been discussed by several authors. However, there is few works on the stabilisation by delay feedback controls under the sub-linear expectation associated with a G-L?vy process. The aim of this paper is to design delay feedback controls in the drift part and obtain the asymptotical stability in mean square and quasi-surely asymptotical stability for the stochastic differential equations driven by G-L?vy process with the polynomial growth condition. Lastly, we give an example to verify the obtained theory.
Metformin Disrupts Signaling and Metabolism in Fetal Hepatocytes
Authors: S. Swenson Karli , Wang Dong , K. Jones Amanda , J. Nash Michael , O’Rourke Rebecca , L. Takahashi Diana , Kievit Paul , D. Hennebold Jon , M. Aagaard Kjersti , E. Friedman Jacob , L. Jones Kenneth , J. Rozance Paul , D. Brown Laura , R. Wesolowski Stephanie
Published: June 2023

Metformin is used by women during pregnancy to manage diabetes and crosses the placenta, yet its effects on the fetus are unclear. We show that the liver is a site of metformin action in fetal sheep and macaques, given relatively abundant OCT1 transporter expression and hepatic uptake following metformin infusion into fetal sheep. To determine the effects of metformin action, we performed studies in primary hepatocytes from fetal sheep, fetal macaques, and juvenile macaques. Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, decreases mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, and decreases glucose production in fetal and juvenile hepatocytes. Metformin also decreases oxygen consumption in fetal hepatocytes. Unique to fetal hepatocytes, metformin activates stress pathways (e.g., increased PGC1A gene expression, NRF-2 protein abundance, and phosphorylation of eIF2a and CREB proteins) alongside perturbations in hepatokine expression (e.g., increased growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression and decreased insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression). Similarly, in liver tissue from sheep fetuses infused with metformin in vivo, AMPK phosphorylation, NRF-2 protein, and PGC1A expression are increased. These results demonstrate disruption of signaling and metabolism, induction of stress, and alterations in hepatokine expression in association with metformin exposure in fetal hepatocytes.
TP53/p53 Facilitates Stress-Induced Exosome and Protein Secretion By Adipocytes
Authors: Huang Yimao , V. Hertzel Ann , R. Fish Shayla , L. Halley Catherine , K. Bohm Ellie , Martell Martinez Hector , C. Durfee Cameron , A. Sanders Mark , S. Harris Reuben , J. Niedernhofer Laura , A. Bernlohr David
Published: June 2023

Besides the secretion of fatty acids, lipolytic stimulation of adipocytes results in the secretion of triglyceride-rich extracellular vesicle (AdEVs) and some free proteins (e.g., Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4) that in sum affect adipose homeostasis as well as the development of metabolic disease. At the mechanistic level, lipolytic signals activate p53 in an ATGL-dependent manner and pharmacologic inhibition of p53 attenuates AdEV protein and FABP4 secretion. Mass spectrometry analyses of the lipolytic secretome identified proteins involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism, translation, chaperone activities as well as redox control. Consistent with a role for p53 in adipocyte protein secretion, activation of p53 by the MDM2 antagonist nutlin potentiated AdEV particles and non-AdEV protein secretion from cultured 3T3-L1 or OP9 adipocytes while the levels of FABP4 and AdEV proteins were significantly reduced in serum from p53-/- mice compared to wild-type controls. The genotoxin doxorubicin increased AdEV protein and FABP4 secretion in a p53-dependent manner and DNA repair-depleted ERCC1-/D haploinsufficient mice expressed elevated p53 in adipose depots, along with significantly increased serum FABP4. In sum, these data suggest that lipolytic signals, and cellular stressors such as DNA damage, facilitate AdEV protein and FABP4 secretion by adipocytes in a p53-dependent manner.
Cancer, Transformation and Human Behavior
Authors: A Adjiri
Published: June 2023

Cancer as a challenging disease may need more than a new drug or a new combination of drugs for its cure; a new level of consciousness seems essential in order to achieve its safe eradication. An in-depth look into the behavior and metabolic activities of cancer cells shows how these cells grow at all costs once new standards are set and repair mechanisms weakened. Moreover introduction of numerous genetic changes seems to take an overly tolerant character in cancer cells. Similarly humans have travelled far long on the trajectory of transformation in mimicking cancer cells behavior. Many of our industries today tend to work for profit, at all costs in order to ensure continued growth and ever-increasing gains. Over-production led to over-exploitation of many natural resources leading as a consequence to the destruction of fragile ecosystems while pollutants are continuing to accumulate at an alarming scale in our air, land, seas and oceans. Human cancerous activities have led to an upheaval of weather conditions, obvious today everywhere on our planet. The limits for tolerance seem to have been lost in both cancer cells and our societies while the gauge for change remains ill-defined. If such human behavior continues; the chief concern then is what will they do when cancer becomes a curable disease?
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma: A Review of Confirmatory Diagnosis and Management
Authors: PP Naik
Published: June 2023

The rising incidence of primary cutaneous melanoma and higher mortality rates associated with melanoma makes this issue a significant concern globally. A cure is possible with early detection of the disease. Biopsy techniques used for diagnosing a clinically suggestive lesion of melanoma are described, as per recommendations of the American Joint committee on Cancer (AJCC) system. CMs are extracted, keeping safe margins of 1-2 cm. Advancement in the laboratory, molecular, and imaging techniques is inspected in the melanoma cases which are newly diagnosed. For treatment strategies of primary cutaneous melanoma, recommendations for surgical margins and the excision techniques are discussed. The importance of sentinel lymph node biopsy as a staging technique for cutaneous melanoma is discussed in detail, with recommendations for its clinical practice efficiency. For cases of distant metastasis, all alternatives to surgical therapy should be considered together. However, systemic treatment is indicated in the absence of surgical therapies. First-line treatment in wild type B-RAF protooncogene (BRAF) patients, immunotherapy with programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies alone or combination therapy of PD-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibodies should be preferred. Inhibitors of BRAF, such as dabrafenib and vemurafenib, combined with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors trametinib and cobimetinib for BRAF mutated patients, should be considered for treatment. Finally, data regarding melanoma, testing, and management related to novel targeted agents and immunotherapies for advanced disease cases are summarized.
Islam and Traditional Fabrics: Symbolic Da’wah in Sambas Malay Weaving Motifs, West Kalimantan
Authors: Anwar Harles , Mualimin Mualimin , Fauzan Faras Ramadhan , Alkadri Alkadri , Mukarom Zaenal , Zakariya Abbas Muhammed
Published: June 2023

This article aims to analyze symbolic da'wah through the weaving motifs of Malay Sambas, West Kalimantan. This study uses an interpretive paradigm with a semiotic method. The data sources in this study were 22 motifs of Sambas Malay woven fabric. Data was obtained through observation and interviews. The data obtained were then analyzed using the semiotic triangle meaning model of Charles Sander Peirce. This study finds that the woven fabric motif is formed through a long process and closely relates to the socio-cultural construction of the Sambas Malay society. At this level, the Sambas Malay weaving motif is created from three elements: beauty, cultural identity, and the ethnoreligious reality of the Sambas Malay society, and efforts to internalize Islamic teachings in Sambas Malay life through the meaning and symbolic message of the motif. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Sambas Malay weaving motif is not only a cultural product of the Sambas Malay society but also a symbolic da’wah medium in the Sambas Malay society through a cultural approach.
The Influence of Calcium Chloride on Soil Animals, Microorganisms, and Phytoplankton
Authors: Huh Man Kyu
Published: June 2023

Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is an inorganic chemical from the chloride group, and it is widely used as one of snow removal agents on the road in winter. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effects of the road salt (NaCl) on soil organisms (a soil animal, microorganisms, and plankton). The soil dwelling Armadillidium vulgare died from high concentration of calcium chloride treatment. The longer the processing time of A. vulgare at the high concentration of calcium chloride, the lower the survival rate. A. vulgare died 16% at a calcium chloride concentration of 1 mM. In the disc diffusion test, the diameter of the inhibition zone proportionally increased with the concentration of calcium chloride. Micrococcus sp. was slightly higher in calcium chloride inhibitory activity than those of three soil microorganisms (Bacillus subtillus, Pseudomonas flurescens, and Xanthomonas maltophilia). About 90% of microorganisms (phytoplanktons) died when the 15.0 mM calcium chloride solution was used. In this study, high concentrations of calcium chloride affected the survival of soil animals, soil microorganisms, and water microorganisms. If chloride dissolves in water and flows into rivers or lakes, it can cause destruction of soil or aquatic ecosystems and threat to the survival of small organisms.
PENENTUAN KEBIJAKAN PERPAJAKAN EKONOMI DIGITAL DI INDONESIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Authors: Malik Aulia , Saputra Acwin Hendra
Published: June 2023

Pandemi COVID-19 dengan pembatasan sosial berskala besar telah menyebabkan kontraksi ekonomi di hampir semua negara di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Di sisi lain, keterbatasan aktivitas sosial berimplikasi pada percepatan digitalisasi yang terjadi di hampir semua sektor. Kondisi ini membutuhkan respon yang cepat dari para pengambil kebijakan untuk dapat menselaraskan proses bisnis yang lebih dominan menggunakan proses bisnis digital. Menyikapi kondisi tersebut, Indonesia telah menerbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 yang mengatur ulang peraturan perpajakan atas transaksi digital. Langkah sepihak juga telah dilakukan oleh beberapa negara di dunia sebagai upaya optimalisasi penerimaan negara. Sementara itu, Konsensus Global sedang diupayakan dan disusun oleh OECD dan Uni Eropa untuk dilaksanakan. Kajian ini mencoba memberikan pertimbangan dalam menentukan bentuk ideal kebijakan perpajakan ekonomi digital di Indonesia dengan pendekatan Analytical Hierarchy Process yang dilakukan dengan menyusun kriteria yang relevan dalam menentukan kebijakan perpajakan ekonomi digital di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa bentuk kebijakan perpajakan ekonomi digital di Indonesia menurut kriteria penilaiannya adalah tindakan unilateral dengan bobot 58,15%.
Analisis dan Tindak Lanjut Profil Emosi Remaja dalam Berinteraksi Sosial di Jorong Matur Katik Kecamatan Matur Kabupaten Agam
Authors: Mulyani Rila Rahma , Usman Citra Imelda
Published: June 2023

The main aim of this study is to look at the positive and negative emotional profile of adolescents in social interaction and efforts to develop adolescent emotional sentiments in social interaction in Jorong Matur Katik, Kecamatan Matur, Kabupaten Agam.  The sample in this study were all teenagers in Jorong Matur Katik as many as 35 teenagers consisting of 16 teenage boys and 19 teenage girls. All the collected data during the study were analyzed on a percentage basis. The results showed that the positive and negative emotional profile of adolescents in social interaction was 65.71% and 77.14% respectively. This shows that the percentage of negative emotions is more than positive emotions. In addition, based on the findings of this study, efforts are needed to develop the positive emotions of adolescents in social interaction at Jorong Matur Katik, Kecamatan Matur, Kabupaten Agam.
The Relationship of Peer Social Support with Academic Self Efficacy
Authors: Yuri Nabila Permata , Yendi Frischa Meivilona , Ardi Zadrian
Published: June 2023

Students in university with the complexity of the lecture system are characterized by course credit which is an education organizer system to declare the burden of students, learning experiences, and the burden of administering the program. All of that must be done by students with belief in their abilities or called selfefficacy. Students who have high self efficacy will provide all the abilities they have to achieve what is expected. The expectation to achieve what is desired is not uncommon for students to find obstacles, for that a student gets a social support in order to convince himself to be able to survive and achieve it. Social support obtained by students can come from peers, with the social support of peers will affect the ability of students in university. This research is a descriptive correlational study, with 31 students as samples obtained using purposive samplaing techniques. Data correlation instrument used a scale questionnaire that was compiled by itself in data collection using Google forms. The result of this research indicate that most students get low social support from their peers. Furthermore, the research findings also show that most students have moderate academic self efficacy.
Academic Stress Coping of Padang City State Madrasah Aliyah Students
Authors: Yenti Ika Zulmai Fitra , Sano Afrizal
Published: June 2023

This research is based on the existence of students who have not been able to perform behaviors or behaviors to remove, eliminate, and overcome stress in handling learning. This study aims to: (1) describe the handling of student academic stress in terms of handling emotional stress, and (2) describe the handling of academic stress in terms of handling academic stress in MAN Padang City. This type of research is descriptive research. The study population was 1,966 students with a sample of 301 students with Proportional Random Sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The data analysis technique is the percentage. The results showed that: (1) handling of students 'academic stress in terms of handling academic stress was high, and (2) handling of students' academic stress in terms of handling focused problems was high.
The Relationship Of Self Control To Students Gadget Use
Authors: Debora Niken , Sukmawati Indah
Published: June 2023

This research was animed to examine the corralation between self-control and student gadget use. This research is a quantitative study involving students in SMAN 1 Sungayang with a total sample of 245 students. The instrument used to collect data in this study was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the rank spearman correlation technique with help of the statistic product and service solution (SPSS) 22.0 program. These reasult indicate the correlation coefficient in this study is -0.062 and signifficant level of 0,335. This means that there is no correlation between sefl-control and gadget use. So, concluded that the higher the self-control, the lower the use of gadgets, and conversely the lower the self-control, the higher the use of gadgets.