bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kepuasan Pengguna Terhadap Penerapan Aplikasi My Xl Dengan Metode Techhnology Acceptance Model
Authors: Ashari Yayan , Supendar Hendra , Fahlapi Riza
Published: August 2024

Perkembangan pesat teknologi informasi telah membawa dunia masuk ke dalam era baru yang lebih dinamis daripada yang pernah  dibayangkan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menganalisa tingkat kepuasan pengguna terhadap aplikasi My Xl dan  sejauh mana aplikasi ini memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna. Model yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan kepuasan pengguna terhadap penerapan aplikasi My Xl adalah Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) dengan 3 konstruk yaitu, Perceived Ease of use, Perceived Usefulnes, Behavioral Intention to Use. Data penelitian telah dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dibagi ke 100 responden. Kemudian data diolah dengan analisis regresi linier. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel X1 dan X2 berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel Y. Berdasarkan hasil Uji F pengujian terhadap Variabel Persepsi Kemudahan Pengguna dan Persepsi Kebermanfaatan menunjukkan nilai Sig sebesar 0.000, yang lebih kecil dari tingkat signifikansi 0.05. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua variabel tersebut secara bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Variabel Penerimaan TI.
 
The rapid development of information technology has brought the world into a new era that is more dynamic than ever imagined before. This study aims to analyze the level of user satisfaction with the MyXl application and the extent to which this application meets user needs. The model used to explain user satisfaction with the application of MyXl is the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with 3 constructs namely, Perceived Ease of use, Perceived Usefulness, Behavioral Intention to Use. Research data has been collected through a questionnaire and divided into 100 respondents. Then the data is processed by linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the variables X1 and X2 have a positive and significant effect on the variable Y. Based on the results of the F Test, testing the variables Perception of User Ease and Perception of Usefulness shows a Sig value of 0.000, which is smaller than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that these two variables together have a positive and significant influence on the IT Acceptance Variable.
The Impacts of Artificial Intelligence on the Future of Marketing and Customer Behaviour
Authors: ODEIBAT Ayat Sami
Published: August 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is quickly transforming the marketing landscape, providing unprecedented opportunities for businesses to optimize strategies and improve customer experiences. This literature review looks at the various applications of AI in marketing and their potential impact on consumer behavior. The study delves into key aspects of AI, from its intelligence to ethical concerns about its use. Furthermore, it investigates how AI is used in various aspects of marketing, such as planning and strategy, product management, pricing, location management, and promotion. Previous research findings highlight AI's transformative potential for increasing marketing efficiency, effectiveness, and customer engagement. However, the study emphasizes the importance of responsible implementation and raises ethical and societal concerns about AI adoption.
The Development of the Private Health Sector in Hungary in a European Context
Authors: KERTÉSZ Balázs , BALOGH Péter , BÍRÓ Klára
Published: August 2024

The aim of this paper is to examine the situation of private healthcare providers in Hungary and their relationship with publicly funded healthcare. The private healthcare sector is growing significantly in Hungary and worldwide. As a percentage of GDP in Hungary, government spending on health has always been among the lowest in Europe, averaging 5% over the last 20 years. The Hungarian state-financed healthcare continues to operate on a single-payer national health insurance system. Therefore, private healthcare is financed exclusively by private insurance and/or out-of-pocket. In 2021, the Hungarian population spent HUF 420 billion on private outpatient and inpatient care. Based on 2021 balance sheet data in Hungary, 195 providers had an annual net turnover of more than HUF 100 million, with a combined net turnover of HUF 211 billion in 2021. The total number of full-time employees was 8336, with a total of 4 218 doctors (employed or contracted) in 114 specialties, which means that a parallel healthcare system has been set up along with public care. The joint management of public and private care capacities and the introduction of sector-neutral financing would improve access to publicly funded care. Widely available and transparent private health insurance schemes could reduce the population's out-of-pocket burden. It would also be essential to increase participation in health savings schemes, as although there are currently more than 1 million members of health insurance funds, the average value of the personal accounts is meager.
Inventory Management and Firm Performance in Wholesale and Retail Trade
Authors: TOCAR Sebastian
Published: August 2024

Inventory management is an indispensable element of the firm's operational efficiency that determines the results of its activity and its long-term performance. The present study aims to analyze the influence of efficient inventory management on the performance of firms in the Wholesale and Retail trade sector, trying to isolate this relationship in order to bring out as many peculiarities as possible. In order to achieve the aim, fixed effects panel linear regression analysis was undertaken, applying the least squares dummy variables method. The regression models were constructed separately for the dependent variables of Gross Margin and Gross operating surplus as proxies for performance, and separately for the three datasets: Wholesale and Retail trade, Wholesale trade and Retail trade. The results of the analysis reveal the existence of significant relationships between inventory management and firm performance. The significant relationships identified did not confirm the expectations, although were validated by previous results identified in the literature.
Condição de saúde oral em mulheres no sistema prisional brasileiro
Authors: Rocha Manuela Luanny Ventura , Santos Allan Israel Fortaleza , Lima Lucas Silva de , Leite Ketelyn Taynara dos Reis , Barreto Yesly Marinho da Rocha , Melo Kamilla Ferreira , Monteiro Maria Clara Brito , Santos Dayane Cristina dos Reis Fonseca , Carvalho Ruth Gorete dos Santos , Oliveira Alyne Vasconcelos de , Dantas Igor Gabriel Ribeiro , Wagmacker Albert Lubki
Published: August 2024

O crescimento da população carcerária feminina no Brasil, que ultrapassou 42 mil em 2016, expôs falhas graves nos serviços de saúde, incluindo cuidados odontológicos. A expansão dos serviços não acompanhou esse aumento, resultando em vulnerabilidades a doenças orais como cáries e doenças periodontais. O trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as principais manifestações orais em mulheres no sistema prisional brasileiro e contribuir para a formulação de políticas públicas mais eficazes. Trata-se de um estudo analítico e descritivo com revisão narrativa da literatura entre 2014-2024, utilizando bases de dados como PubMed, SciELO e LILACS, e literatura cinzenta do Google Scholar. Foram encontrados 96 artigos, e após seleção, 6 artigos completos foram analisados. As mulheres encarceradas no Brasil apresentam condições bucais gravemente comprometidas. A falta de acesso regular a cuidados odontológicos contribui para a alta prevalência de cáries, doença periodontal avançada, edentulismo e lesões orais. A insatisfação com os serviços odontológicos reflete a precariedade dos cuidados oferecidos. A saúde bucal das mulheres encarceradas no Brasil está alarmante, com altos índices de doenças bucais e insatisfação com os serviços. É necessária a implementação de intervenções preventivas e educativas, e mais estudos e políticas públicas que priorizem a saúde bucal dessas mulheres em privação de liberdade.
Breves reflexiones sobre la cocina nacional, la cocina regional y la memoria gastronómica
Authors: Cartay Rafael
Published: August 2024

Artículo de divulgacion. Las cocinas nacionales son una construcción soportada por el concepto de cocinas regionales. Ambas descansan en la memoria.
Perancangan Aplikasi E-Learning Berbasis Website Pada SMP Negeri 3 Watansoppeng
Authors: Handayani Riska , Rachmat Zul , S Wahyuddin
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Education is one of the benchmarks in the progress of the nation. Educational progress affects science and technology. E-Learning is a form of education that combines motivation, communication, efficiency and technology. E- Learning is an educational system that uses electronic applications to support the development of teaching and learning activities with internet media. This study aims to design a web-based E-Learning application in schools. SMP Negeri 3 Watangsoppeng is one of the menegah schools located in Soppeng Regency where the learning process is still conventional, namely the teaching and learning process between teachers and students is only carried out by meeting between teachers and students in the classroom. The research methods carried out are observation, interviews, and literature studies. Research is carried out by analyzing objects that are used as research sources, research using waterfall methods in the development of the system consisting of system analysis, designing, coding, testing and maintenance. Application design using UML and application creation using PHP as Script material used to create website pages and Mysql as a place to store data. The results of this study aim to show that this website-based E-Learning Application is able to increase the effectiveness of learning and optimize the teaching and learning process between students and teaching staff at SMP Negeri 3 Watansoppeng.
Bhutan’s Unique Development Paradigm and the Green School Model of Restorative Learning
Authors: S. Powdyel Thakur
Published: August 2024

This essay, penned by former Minister of Education Thakur S. Powdyel, illuminates the contrast between Bhutan's Gross National Happiness (GNH) framework and the traditional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) metric. Unlike GDP, which fixates on economic output, GNH takes a holistic approach to development, encompassing environmental, social, cultural, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions. The Green School initiative, a living embodiment of GNH, is not just an educational model, but a comprehensive life-enriching experience. It aims to cultivate well-rounded individuals through the Sherig Mandala, which integrates eight essential elements: Nature, Society, Culture, Intellect, Academics, Aesthetics, Spirituality, and Ethics. The essay underscores how the Green School initiative, guided by the principles of GNH, fosters a comprehensive educational experience that contributes to sustainable development and the well-being of both individuals and society.
Circuits courts de proximité
Authors: Corade Nathalie , Lemarié-Boutry Marie , Pérès Stéphanie , Smith Andy
Published: August 2024

Dans un contexte de développement des circuits courts de proximité (CCP), nous nous interrogeons ici sur la capacité des filières agroalimentaires à relocaliser leur activité par l’intégration de CCP dans leur fonctionnement. L’analyse économique et politique de cinquante-huit entretiens avec des acteurs locaux participant à la régulation de quatre filières en Nouvelle-Aquitaine nous permet de déterminer si (et si oui, comment) les acteurs de filière se saisissent de la logique des CCP pour faire évoluer les pratiques et règles existantes de circuits de distribution. Le résultat est double : (1) Les transformations induites par les CCP se traduisent peu par une redéfinition institutionnalisée des règles et normes des filières, qui restent dominées par une logique de circuit long. (2) À défaut de restructurer ces filières, les CCP proposent plutôt de nouvelles formes organisationnelles au sein des territoires qu’on ne peut qualifier de « filières » puisque ne s’appuyant pas sur des institutions suffisamment fortes pour porter de nouvelles normes et de nouvelles règles. En cela, les CCP sont une proposition de pluralisme économique et politique au sein des sphères agricoles et alimentaires locales.
La forêt dans les territoires miniers du Cameroun oriental
Authors: Voundi Eric , Tchindjang Mesmin
Published: August 2024

La confrontation spatiale entre des enjeux miniers et la préservation des forêts
alimente des controverses dans le Cameroun oriental. Comment le regard sur les mines
permet-il de comprendre le lien forêts-communautés ? À partir des théories des parties
prenantes et des communs, ainsi que de l’approche de la political ecology, nous
analysons les déterminants des controverses autour des forêts en contexte d’exploitation
minière dans le Cameroun oriental. Les résultats révèlent que les controverses entre enjeux
miniers et forestiers viennent de ce que l’exploitation minière s’additionne à celle des
forêts. Le développement peu contrôlé des activités minières entraîne la destruction des
ressources forestières sans induire en retour des retombées sociales pour les communautés.
Avec l’appui de la société civile, les contestations des populations se multiplient, mettant
en cause une gouvernance minière empreinte de corruption, peu à l’écoute des intérêts des
communautés et peu propice au développement local durable.
Pour une
articulation des logiques territoriales et touristiques en Corse :
l’expérience sensible de l’engagement patrimonial
Authors: Peri Jérôme
Published: August 2024

Notre étude porte sur les évolutions des stratégies actorielles
dans la mobilisation du patrimoine en tant que ressource territoriale au sein
d’un projet de territoire, afin d’en caractériser d’abord la dynamique de
production, puis les enjeux, sous l’angle des logiques communicationnelles, lors
de l’inscription de ces phénomènes dans l’espace public. Nous souhaitons ainsi
déterminer les modalités de la formation d’un univers sensible dont témoignent
les interactions entre une communauté et son environnement par le prisme des
logiques touristiques dans lesquelles s’insèrent les dynamiques patrimoniales
aujourd’hui. L’action collective menée dans un espace référentiel défini, la
Castagniccia en Corse, met finalement en évidence un renouvellement du politique
et des pratiques citoyennes démocratiques dans le cadre d’une
institutionnalisation de nouveaux imaginaires symboliques.
Les écoles publiques alternatives québécoises : étude d’un cas de participation parentale à la gouvernance du système éducatif
Authors: Brabant Christine , Gaudreau Joëlle , Caneva Christiane , Dumond Marine
Published: August 2024

Cette étude de cas vise à mieux comprendre comment des parents peuvent proposer un modèle éducatif différent pour contribuer démocratiquement à l’évolution du système éducatif. Inscrits dans le cadre théorique de la gouvernance réflexive de l’éducation, ses résultats décrivent les démarches réalisées par les parents, identifient les facteurs ayant favorisé ou contraint l’avancement de leurs projets d’écoles alternatives, selon eux, et notamment, les rôles qu’ont joué les dispositifs participatifs et décisionnels du système scolaire par rapport à ces projets, puis dégagent les apprentissages démocratiques réalisés par les parents et l’institution à travers ces interactions, du point de vue des parents.
Achilles tendon thickness and serum asprosin level significantly increases in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Ozturk Huseyin Ali , Arici Fatih Necip
Published: August 2024

Aim

In our study, we aimed to investigate the Achilles tendon thickness (ATT) and asprosin levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to evaluate the relationship of these parameters, which may be related to cardio-metabolic diseases.

Methods

In our prospective cross-sectional study, 45 female patients with PCOS and 30 female healthy individuals similar in age were included. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), total testosterone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and asprosin levels were measured using appropriate kits and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio was calculated. ATT measurements were performed by two radiologists using a high-resolution ultrasound doppler system.

Results

Serum DHEAS, total testosterone, AMH and asprosin levels, HOMA-IR value, LF/FSH ratio, and ATT values were higher in patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls. Correlation analysis was performed between ATT and other parameters in patients with PCOS. In univariate analysis, parameters associated with ATT were detected as asprosin, DHEAS and AMH. In the linear regression analysis performed with significant parameters, asprosin and DHEAS levels were found to be associated with ATT.

Conclusion

ATT values and serum asprosin levels were found to be significantly increased in patients with PCOS, and there is a very close positive relationship between ATT and serum asprosin levels. For this reason, it was thought that ATT measurement could be a cheap, simple and non-invasive monitoring parameter that can be used in the routine cardiometabolic follow-up of patients with PCOS.
Estado de bienestar digital en Ecuador: datificación ciudadana, inteligencia artificial y co-producción de la pobreza
Authors: Gualavisí Alexandra
Published: August 2024

En la era de la gobernanza digital, la utilización creciente de datos y tecnologías de Big Data e Inteligencia Artificial en los sistemas de protección social se ha convertido en un asunto relevante. Los esfuerzos del Estado por impulsar la datificación ciudadana y la implementación de la IA para la gestión y provisión de servicios y beneficios sociales están vehiculizados por las ideas de neutralidad, objetividad y eficiencia tecnológica. No obstante, estas tecnologías no solo pueden asignar beneficios sociales; sino que también tienen el potencial de controlar, monitorear, sancionar y excluir a los beneficiarios. Ante el tecno-optimismo que marca el diseño de la política social contemporánea, específicamente sus mecanismos de asignación, este trabajo apuesta por los Estudios de la Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad para dar luz sobre cómo los sistemas de datos y las tecnologías de IA transforman la noción de pobreza e impactan en la definición de beneficiarios y no beneficiarios. Este enfoque se centra en desentrañar la dimensión política –de la politics– de los sistemas de datos y las tecnologías de la IA que comienzan a mediar la relación entre el Estado y los ciudadanos. A través del estudio del caso ecuatoriano del Registro Social, el objetivo recae en nutrir el examen crítico de los Estados digitales de bienestar en la región, analizando sus implicaciones en la sociedad y su potencial para producir o amplificar desigualdad y exclusión; desafiando las visiones deterministas del cambio tecnológico y del diseño de políticas públicas.
Front Matter
Authors: Editors
Published: August 2024

Table of Contents
Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training on Improving Respiratory Muscle Strength in Younger Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chobisa Chitrakshi Ashish , Lalwani Lajwanti Lalwani , Vardhan Vishnu , Nathani Harsh
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) is an integral part of pulmonary rehabilitation. It is a therapeutic modality that has demonstrated considerable promise in augmenting respiratory muscle function and overall pulmonary well-being in a range of clinical cohorts. While IMT has been extensively scrutinised in the adult demographic, its efficacy in paediatric populations has remained a relatively underexplored realm. Aim: This systematic review seeks to undertake a meticulous assessment of the existing literature to gauge the potential of IMT in ameliorating respiratory function in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: The present systematic review includes seven pertinent studies, comprising randomised controlled trials, cohort investigations, and pilot studies published in English from 2018-2023 from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The keywords used were paediatric, restrictive lung diseases, obstructive lung diseases, IMT, obesity, neuromuscular disorders, thoracic surgeries, and advanced physiotherapy. Risk of bias assessment was done using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool. Results: These studies have investigated the impact of IMT on various paediatric cohorts, from athletic populations to those afflicted with neuromuscular disorders, cystic fibrosis, and other respiratory pathologies. Collectively, the findings offer compelling evidence that IMT has the potential to enhance inspiratory muscle strength, endurance, and overall respiratory function in paediatric populations. Conclusion: In light of the findings gleaned from this systematic review, it is evident that IMT possesses the potential to be an efficacious intervention for enhancing respiratory function in the paediatric population and offering the prospect of improved clinical outcomes and an enhanced quality of life for this vulnerable cohort.
A Case Report on Cerebral Gliomatosis: Challenges in Delayed Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Arsalane Ghizlane , Ourrai A. , Abilkassem R. , Agdar O.
Published: August 2024

Aim: The aim of this study is to reveal the difficulties in delayed diagnosis and management of the Cerebral Gliomatosis : A rare primary infiltrative neoplasia of the brain.
Presentation of the Case: It’s about 9 years old girl with no specific symptoms like headaches with balance disorder and speech disorder that last for more than 2 months.
The paraclinical exams of the brain (MRI,spectrometry and stereotactic biopsy) can put the diagnosis.
Discussion: Cerebral Gliomatosis (CG) is a rare primary infiltrative neoplasia of the brain characterized by diffuse glial proliferation affecting at least both cerebral lobes.  The difficulties to diagnosis this pathology and to manage it like in the case of that young girl is because there’s no specific symptoms and to the delayed diagnosis to . In fact the clinical signs are unspecific and highly variable and depending on the areas of the brain affected, the patient's age and the rate of tumor growth.
Conclusion : The difficult diagnosis of the Cerebral Gliomatosis is based on a combination of morphological and histological criteria.
Spectroscopic imaging is of diagnostic and prognostic interest.
Timing of Vaccination in Children after Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Wang Xixia , Han Hongwu , Jiao Fuyong , Zhang Weihua
Published: August 2024

The present study investigates the timing of vaccination in children after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for Kawasaki disease. The specific type and timing of vaccinations following IVIG usage have been extensively studied both domestically and internationally, but there exist some discrepancies in Live Attenuated Vaccines (LAVs). Based on the analysis of recent research findings both domestic and international, we propose that for Kawasaki disease (KD) children receiving IVIG treatment, the recommended vaccination interval for LAVs. The diagnosis and treatment of KD in foreign countries mostly refer to the Sixth Revision of the Japanese Kawasaki Disease Diagnostic Guidelines, while China follows the Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Acute Treatment of Kawasaki Disease. At six months after IVIG therapy, the seroconversion rate for measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and varicella after the initial vaccination was 88%, 6%, 78%, and 16% respectively, but at 9 months the seroconversion rate were over 90%. Therefore, the recommended vaccination interval for LAVs (MMR vaccine, MMR varicella, and varicella vaccine) should be 9 months in KD children.
Solvent Extraction of Zinc from Burnt Tyre Ash using Tri Butyl Phosphate
Authors: Joseph Oke Temidayo , Awwal Ayowole , Omoniyi Kehinde Israel , Tochi Nkwocha Stephen , Medubi Kayode , Alice Adebayo Abisola
Published: August 2024

The article reports the solvent extraction of zinc (Zn) from burnt tyre ash using tributylphosphate (TBP) as an extractant. The increasing interest in environmental protection and resource recovery has prompted research into extracting valuable metals from waste materials, such as Zn from tyre ash, a significant secondary source. The optimal conditions for Zn leaching and extraction were determined through a series of hydrometallurgical processes. Zn was successfully extracted under specific HCl concentration, temperature, and pH conditions, with TBP showing effective performance as an extractant.  We found that increasing the initial concentration of TBP in kerosene improves the extraction efficiency of Zn from burnt tyre ash. The highest extraction rate achieved was 48.68% using 0.30 mol/L TBP at pH 4.5.  The relationship between log D and log [TBP] was done to determine how many moles of TBP were involved in the extraction system. A linear plot with a slope of ~ 1.00 was obtained and indicated the liberation of one mole of [H+] while extracting one mole of Zn2+ from the burnt tyre ash. The study highlights the potential for resource recovery from waste materials, contributing to both environmental sustainability and the supply of industrial metals.
Leaf Retention Affects Photosynthetic Activity, Leaf Area Index, Yield and Quality of Crimson Seedless Grapes
Authors: Somkuwar R. G. , Kakade P. B. , Dhemre J. K. , Tutthe A. S. , Nikumbhe P. H. , Deshmukh N. A.
Published: August 2024

The research was conducted at ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune during October, 2023 to March, 2024 to investigates the effect of varying leaf retention on leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic activities, yield and quality of Crimson Seedless grapes grafted on Dogridge rootstock. Five treatments of different numbers of leaves retained on each shoot above the bunch (10, 12, 14, 16 and more than 16 leaves) were evaluated. Parameters measured included leaf area, leaf area index, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, average bunch weight, berry weight, yield per vine, total soluble solids (TSS) and acidity. The results showed that leaf area per leaf ranged from 140.60 cm² in the treatment with more than 16 leaves to 156.40 cm² in the 12-leaf treatment. The highest yield per vine (12.89 kg) and optimum berry quality were observed with 12 leaves above the bunch. Increased leaf area improved nutrient assimilation and berry growth but excessive leaf retention led to decreased light penetration and photosynthetic efficiency. These findings suggest that maintaining 12 leaves with 1782.70 cm2 leaf area above the bunch is optimal for balancing yield (12.89 kg/vine) and berry quality in Crimson Seedless grapes under the tropical conditions.
Plastics, General Survey, 5. Plastics and Sustainability
Authors: Elias Hans‐Georg , Mülhaupt Rolf
Published: April 2015

The article contains sections titled:1Plastics and Environment2.Green Polymer Chemistry and Life Cycle Assessment3.Plastics Waste Recycling3.1.Mechanical Recycling3.2.Feedstock Recycling3.3.Energy Recycling3.4.Biodegradation and Bio‐based Plastics3.5.Plastics from Carbon Dioxide4.Polymers for Sustainable Development
A prototype precipitation retrieval algorithm over land using passive microwave observations stratified by surface condition and precipitation vertical structure
Authors: You Yalei , Wang Nai‐Yu , Ferraro Ralph
Published: April 2015

A prototype precipitation retrieval algorithm over land has been developed by utilizing 4 year National Mosaic and Multi‐Sensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder coincident data sets. One of the unique features of this algorithm is using the ancillary parameters (i.e., surface type, surface temperature, land elevation, and ice layer thickness) to stratify the single database into many smaller but more homogeneous databases, in which both the surface condition and precipitation vertical structure are similar. It is found that the probability of detection (POD) increases about 8% and 12% by using stratified databases for rainfall and snowfall detection, respectively. In addition, by considering the relative humidity at lower troposphere and the vertical velocity at 700 hPa in the precipitation detection process, the POD for snowfall detection is further increased by 20.4% from 56.0% to 76.4%. The better result is evident in both ends of the retrieved rain rate when the stratified databases are used, especially when the rain rate is greater than 30 mm/h. Similarly, the retrieved snowfall rate using stratified databases also outperforms that using single database. The correlation between retrieved and observed rain rates from stratified databases is 0.63, while it is 0.42 using the single database. The root‐mean‐square error is reduced by 50.3% from 2.07 to 0.98 by using stratified databases. The retrieved snow rates from stratified database are also better correlated with observations and possess smaller root‐mean‐square error. Additionally, the precipitation overestimation from the single database over the western United States is largely mitigated when the stratified databases are utilized. It is further demonstrated that over the majority of the stratified databases, the relationship between precipitation rate and brightness temperature is much closer to that from the corresponding category in the validation databases, rather than that from the single database. Therefore, overall superior performance using the stratified databases for both the precipitation detection and retrieval is achieved.
Experimental study on isotope fractionation effects in visible photolysis of O3 and in the O + O3 odd oxygen sink reaction
Authors: Früchtl Marion , Janssen Christof , Röckmann Thomas
Published: April 2015

Investigation of isotope effects in ozone (O3) photolysis and its contribution to the overall ozone isotope composition is difficult since photolysis always leads to secondary O3 formation and O3 decomposition by reactions with O(3P). Here we use a large excess of carbon monoxide (CO) as O(3P) quencher to suppress O(3P) + O3. This allows disentangling the isotope effects in photolysis and chemical removal when the data are evaluated with a kinetic model. The largest systematic uncertainty arises from an unidentified O3 removal reaction, which is responsible for an unaccounted 20% of the total removal rate. Assuming no isotope fractionation in this reaction, we find  = (16J/18J − 1) = −16.1 (±1.4)‰ and  = −8.05 (±0.7)‰ for O3 photolysis and  = (16k/18k − 1) = −11.9 (±1.4)‰ and  = −5.95 (±0.7)‰ for chemical removal via O(3P) + O3. Allowing for isotope fractionation in the unidentified reaction results in lower fractionation values for photolysis and higher fractionations for chemical removal. Several fractionation scenarios are examined, which constrain the fractionation in photolysis to  > −9.4‰ and  > −4.7‰ and in the chemical removal to  < −18.6‰ and  < −9.3‰. Both fractionations are thus significant and of similar magnitude. Because our measurements are dominated by photolysis in the peak region of the Chappuis band, isotope fractionation of atmospheric O3 by visible photons should also be in the same range. The isotope fractionation factor for O + O3 directly bears on ozone chemistry in the lower thermosphere.
Stepwise sensitivity analysis from qualitative to quantitative: Application to the terrestrial hydrological modeling of a Conjunctive Surface‐Subsurface Process (CSSP) land surface model
Authors: Gan Yanjun , Liang Xin‐Zhong , Duan Qingyun , Choi Hyun Il , Dai Yongjiu , Wu Huan
Published: April 2015

An uncertainty quantification framework was employed to examine the sensitivities of 24 model parameters from a newly developed Conjunctive Surface‐Subsurface Process (CSSP) land surface model (LSM). The sensitivity analysis (SA) was performed over 18 representative watersheds in the contiguous United States to examine the influence of model parameters in the simulation of terrestrial hydrological processes. Two normalized metrics, relative bias (RB) and Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), were adopted to assess the fit between simulated and observed streamflow discharge (SD) and evapotranspiration (ET) for a 14 year period. SA was conducted using a multiobjective two‐stage approach, in which the first stage was a qualitative SA using the Latin Hypercube‐based One‐At‐a‐Time (LH‐OAT) screening, and the second stage was a quantitative SA using the Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS)‐based Sobol’ sensitivity indices. This approach combines the merits of qualitative and quantitative global SA methods, and is effective and efficient for understanding and simplifying large, complex system models. Ten of the 24 parameters were identified as important across different watersheds. The contribution of each parameter to the total response variance was then quantified by Sobol’ sensitivity indices. Generally, parameter interactions contribute the most to the response variance of the CSSP, and only 5 out of 24 parameters dominate model behavior. Four photosynthetic and respiratory parameters are shown to be influential to ET, whereas reference depth for saturated hydraulic conductivity is the most influential parameter for SD in most watersheds. Parameter sensitivity patterns mainly depend on hydroclimatic regime, as well as vegetation type and soil texture.
Water exchange through the Betic and Rifian corridors prior to the Messinian Salinity Crisis: A model study
Authors: de la Vara Alba , Topper Robin P. M. , Meijer Paul Th. , Kouwenhoven Tanja J.
Published: April 2015

Although the present‐day Mediterranean‐Atlantic water exchange has been extensively studied, little is known about the dynamics of the Betic and Rifian corridors that existed before the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Due to the difficulties in studying the paleogeographic evolution of these corridors, physics‐based knowledge of their behavior is essential to interpret observational evidence and to relate flow structures to gateway geometries. Here we present the first systematic model study of the water exchange through these gateways. We use the parallel version of the Princeton Ocean Model (sbPOM) and a set of idealized bathymetries based on a late Tortonian paleogeography. This analysis represents a major step forward in the understanding of the behavior of the double‐gateway system constituted by the Late Miocene Betic and Rifian corridors. We demonstrate that the “siphon” scenario, involving inflow of cold upwelled Atlantic water through the Rifian corridor and outflow of Mediterranean water only via the Betic corridor, is unlikely from a physics perspective. It is shown that two exchange patterns are possible depending solely on the relative depth of the corridors. The implication of this is that geological evidence for the behavior of one corridor provides information about the dimensions of the other. We show that disappearance of outflow in one corridor does not necessarily imply its closure and we establish a guideline to determine how geological evidence can be interpreted as indicating one‐ or two‐layer flow. Based on the model results, we propose new physics‐based scenarios for the time interval defined for the siphon.
An efficient synthesis approach for electromagnetic near‐ and far‐field contoured patterns using alternative narrow‐beam field functions transformed from the radiations of linearly excited array antennas with least computational complexity
Authors: Chou Hsi‐Tseng
Published: April 2015

This paper presents an effective scheme to accelerate the computational efficiency in synthesizing the electromagnetic contoured patterns spanned by the radiations of phased array antennas, which is applicable to synthesize both the near‐ and far‐field patterns. The core concept is to adapt/create closed‐form and simple formulations with least computational unknowns to be used in the iterative synthesis procedure. The efficiency is assured by avoiding the cumbersome numerical integration/summation for the radiation fields in the synthesis procedure. Thus, the scheme first transforms the conventional field basis functions (FBFs) defined by the radiations of every array elements into a set of global FBFs arising from the radiations of a set of overlapped virtual arrays, where each of the virtual arrays is properly excited by a Gaussian taper to avoid the ray caustic problems encountered in the asymptotic evaluations. The new FBFs (NFBFs) created by this transformation have radiation fields focused in narrow spans in contrast to the wide patterns of conventional FBFs and may reduce the number of FBFs in the computation if a small coverage area is considered. Furthermore, the closed‐form formulations of global NFBFs are obtained by asymptotic evaluation and may dramatically reduce the computational time. This approach is implemented with the use of successive projection method, which also provides closed‐form formulations to update the excitations in each iterative step, to synthesize the near‐ and far‐field contoured patterns to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency.
Ebullition of methane from peatlands: Does peat act as a signal shredder?
Authors: Ramirez Jorge A. , Baird Andy J. , Coulthard Tom J. , Waddington J. Michael
Published: April 2015

Bubbling (ebullition) of greenhouse gases, particularly methane, from peatlands has been attributed to environmental forcings, such as changes in atmospheric pressure. However, observations from peat soils suggest that ebullition and environmental forcing may not always be correlated and that interactions between bubbles and the peat structure may be the cause of such decoupling. To investigate this possibility, we used a simple computer model (Model of Ebullition and Gas storAge) to simulate methane ebullition from a model peat. We found that lower porosity peat can store methane bubbles for lengthy periods of time, effectively buffering or moderating ebullition so that it no longer reflects bubble production signals. Our results suggest that peat structure may act as a “signal shredder” and needs to be taken into account when measuring and modeling ebullition.
Joint analysis of the 2014 Kangding, southwest China, earthquake sequence with seismicity relocation and InSAR inversion
Authors: Jiang Guoyan , Wen Yangmao , Liu Yajing , Xu Xiwei , Fang Lihua , Chen Guihua , Gong Meng , Xu Caijun
Published: April 2015

Over 1000 earthquakes struck the northwest of Kangding on the Xianshuihe fault in southwest China between 22 and 29 November 2014, including two largest events of Mw 5.9 and Mw 5.6. The hypocenters of 799 relocated earthquakes suggest that two independent main shock‐aftershock subsequences occurred on the Selaha and Zheduotang branches of the Xianshuihe fault, respectively. Fault slip inversion results from one interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) interferogram (26 September 2014 to 5 December 2014) show that the Mw 5.9 main shock produced a maximum slip of ~0.47 m at the depth of ~9 km. However, there is no distinct slip associated with the Mw 5.6 main shock. The InSAR determined moment is 2.36 × 1018 Nm with a rigidity of 30 GPa, equivalent to Mw 6.2, which is about twofold the total seismic moment of all the recorded earthquakes during the InSAR time span. This large discrepancy between geodetic and seismic moment estimates indicates that there was probably rapid aseismic afterslip in the 2 weeks following the Mw 5.9 main shock. The released seismic energy of this earthquake sequence is far less than the accumulated strain energy since the 1955 M earthquake on the same fault branch, which implies that the seismic risk on the Selaha‐Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe fault remains high.
Five‐day waves in polar stratosphere and mesosphere temperature and mesospheric ice water measured by SOFIE/AIM
Authors: Liu Xiao , Yue Jia , Xu Jiyao , Yuan Wei , Russell James M. , Hervig Mark E.
Published: April 2015

The temperature and column ice water content (IWC) of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) have been simultaneously measured by the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) on board NASA's Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere satellite since April 2007. The 8 year (2007–2014) data of the temperature and IWC are used to extract the 5 day planetary waves (PWs) with zonal wave numbers ranging from −1 to −3 (eastward propagating mode, E1–E3), 0 (stationary mode, W0), and 1 to 3 (westward propagating mode, W1–W3) in the polar stratosphere and mesosphere. The 5 day PWs in temperature are stronger in the polar winter stratosphere and mesosphere and exhibit substantial interhemispheric asymmetry. The date‐height distributions of the 5 day waves coincide with those of the eastward jet in each hemisphere. This indicates that the 5 day PWs might be generated from barotropic/baroclinic instability in the polar stratosphere. The relative strengths of 5 day PWs decrease with increasing wave numbers. The E1 (W1) 5 day PW is stronger than any other mode in the winter stratosphere and lower mesosphere (summer upper mesosphere). SOFIE temperature and IWC data are derived from simultaneous measurements in the same air column and thus provide a good opportunity to study the phase relationship between the 5 day PWs in temperature and IWC. Our analyses show that the phase shifts of W1 5 day PW in temperature relative to that in IWC have a mean of −2.0 h (0.3 h) with a standard deviation of 3.8 h (4.2 h) in the northern (southern) polar region. This indicates that the formation of the W1 5 day PW in PMCs is controlled mainly by the W1 5 day PW in temperature and influenced by other factors and is consistent with previous studies.
Ellis, Havelock (1859−1939)
Authors: Lyons Andrew , Lyons Harriet
Published: April 2015

Havelock Ellis, a pioneer in the scientific study of sex, had a career that spanned the latter part of the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth. He published many works on human sexual behavior, most famously the multi‐volume
Studies in the Psychology of Sex
, which appeared in numerous unabridged and abridged editions. Though his generation of sexologists has been accused by Michel Foucault and others of reinforcing ideals of normality that served the interests of the bourgeois state, Ellis advocated tolerance of a wide variety of sexual practices, as well as sex education, birth control, and acceptance for unwed mothers. He gathered data from a broad spectrum of individuals, many of whom wrote to him, as well as from copious reading. His acquaintances included many leading advocates of sexual and gender reforms, including Margaret Sanger, Olive Schreiner, and Bronislaw Malinowski.
Internalized transphobia
Authors: Bockting Walter
Published: April 2015

Internalized transphobia, analogous to internalized homophobia, refers to a discomfort with one's own transgenderism as a result of internalizing society's normative gender expectations. Internalized transphobia has been postulated as a minority stress process, negatively affecting health outcomes among transsexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming people. While transphobia (i.e., prejudice and discrimination toward trans and gender nonconforming people by the majority population) has been documented,
internalized
transphobia, while commonly observed in clinical practice, has received little attention in empirical research.
Working environment and myeloproliferative neoplasm: A population–based case‐control study following a cluster investigation
Authors: Heavner Karyn , Gross‐Davis Carol Ann , Frank Arthur L. , Newschaffer Craig , Klotz Judith , Burstyn Igor
Published: April 2015

Background

Occupational exposures, including those to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), are suspected risk factors for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).

Methods

We investigated occupational exposures and MPN risk (54 cases and 472 controls) in a population–based case‐control study in three rural Pennsylvania counties. Occupational histories, coded to SIC/SOC 1980, were linked to a previously created PAH job‐exposure matrix. Odds ratios for industry (17 categories), occupation (26 categories), and PAH exposure were adjusted using logistic regression.

Results

No industries or occupations were strongly or consistently associated with increased MPN risk. Analysis of employment duration found that being employed for 5 or more years in transportation, communications, and other public utilities was associated with MPN risk. There was no indication of an association with cumulative PAH exposure.

Conclusions

These few associations did not appear to have a common exposure. This exploratory study does not support the hypothesis that occupational exposure, including PAH, are strong risk factors for MPNs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:595–604, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of 2100‐MHz radiofrequency radiation on nasal mucosa and mucociliary clearance in rats
Authors: Aydoğan Filiz , Aydın Emine , Koca Gökhan , Özgür Elçin , Atilla Pergin , Tüzüner Arzu , Demirci Şule , Tomruk Arin , Öztürk Göknur Güler , Seyhan Nesrin , Korkmaz Meliha , Müftüoğlu Sevda , Samim Ethem Erdal
Published: April 2015

Background

Nasal mucociliary clearance has an important role in voiding the airways from inhaled foreign substances. This activity could be disturbed by environmental factors such as radiofrequency radiation. The aim of the present study was to investigate short‐term and relatively long‐term effects of 2100‐MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted by a generator, simulating a 3G‐mobile phone, on the nasal septal mucosa and mucociliary clearance in rats.

Methods

Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups. There were 6 rats in Group A and Group B, which served as the control groups (10‐day and 40‐day groups, respectively). Groups C (10‐day exposure) and D (40‐day exposure) were both composed of 9 rats; they comprised the radiofrequency radiation exposure groups. The rats in groups C and D were exposed to 2100‐MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted by a generator, simulating a 3G‐mobile phone, 6 hours/day, for 10 or 40 days, respectively. After exposure, nasal mucociliary clearance was measured by rhinoscintigraphy. After euthanization, the nasal septa of the animals were removed, and tissue samples of the nasal mucosa were examined using a transmission electron microscope.

Results

The differences in mucociliary clearances between groups A and C, groups B and D, and groups C and D were found to be statistically significant (p = 0.005, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Although there were no histopathological abnormalities in the control groups, the exposure groups showed a number of degenerated and apoptotic cells, ciliary disorganization and ciliary loss in the epithelial cells, epithelial metaplasia, alteration of normal chromatin distribution and karyolysis in nuclei, changes in the basal cells, and lymphocytic infiltration. The histopathological changes were more severe in group D.

Conclusion

Radiofrequency radiation at 2100 MHz damaged the nasal septal mucosa, and disturbed the mucociliary clearance. Ciliary disorganization and ciliary loss in the epithelial cells resulted in deterioration of nasal mucociliary clearance.
Characterizing Pressure‐Induced Uranium CH Agostic Bonds
Authors: Arnold Polly L. , Prescimone Alessandro , Farnaby Joy H. , Mansell Stephen M. , Parsons Simon , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas
Published: April 2015

The diuranium(III) compound [UN′′2]2(μ‐η6:η6‐C6H6) (N′′=N(SiMe3)2) has been studied using variable, high‐pressure single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, and density functional theory . In this compound, the low‐coordinate metal cations are coupled through π‐ and δ‐symmetric arene overlap and show close metalCH contacts with the flexible methyl CH groups of the sterically encumbered amido ligands. The metal–metal separation decreases with increasing pressure, but the most significant structural changes are to the close contacts between ligand CH bonds and the U centers. Although the interatomic distances are suggestive of agostic‐type interactions between the U and ligand peripheral CH groups, QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules) computational analysis suggests that there is no such interaction at ambient pressure. However, QTAIM and NBO analyses indicate that the interaction becomes agostic at 3.2 GPa.