bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals genetic alterations associated with the early progression of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Gao Fenghua , Liu Hengqi , Meng Xiangrui , Liu Jing , Wang Jiesong , Yu Jingwei , Liu Xia , Liu Xianming , Li Lanfang , Qiu Lihua , Qian Zhengzi , Zhou Shiyong , Gong Wenchen , Meng Bin , Ren Xiubao , Golchehre Zahra , Chavoshzadeh Zahra , He Jin , Zhang Huilai , Wang Xianhuo
Published: July 2023

Follicular lymphoma (FL), the most common indolent lymphoma, is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. However, the prognostic value of driver gene mutations and copy number alterations has not been systematically assessed. Here, we analysed the clinical‐biological features of 415 FL patients to identify variables associated with disease progression within 24 months of first‐line therapy (POD24). Patients with B symptoms, elevated lactate dehydrogenase and β2‐microglobulin levels, unfavourable baseline haemoglobin levels, advanced stage, and high‐risk FL International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) scores had an increased risk of POD24, with FLIPI being the most important factor in logistic regression. HIST1H1D, identified as a driver mutation, was correlated with POD24. Gains of 6p22.2 (HIST1H1D) and 18q21.33 (BCL2) and loss of 1p36.13 (NBPF1) predicted POD24 independent of FLIPI. Gene expression profiling of FL samples showed that the POD24 cohort was significantly enriched in the inflammatory response (mediated by interferon and tumour necrosis factor), cell cycle regulation (transcription, replication and proliferation) sets and PI3K‐AKT–mTOR signalling. This result was further validated with transcriptome‐wide information provided by RNA‐seq at single‐cell resolution. Our study, performed on a large cohort of FL patients, highlights the importance of distinctive genetic alterations and gene expression relevant to disease diagnosis and early progression.
Psychiatric comorbidities in adults with sickle cell disease: A narrative review
Authors: Mishkin Adrienne D. , Prince Elizabeth J. , Leimbach Elizabeth J. , Mapara Markus Y. , Carroll C. Patrick
Published: July 2023

Although descriptions of quality of life and patient reports of mood in sickle cell disease (SCD) have become more common in the literature, less is known about psychiatric illness prevalence, presentation, and treatment, particularly for adults. We provide a narrative review of what is known about common and debilitating psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment, specifically for adults with SCD. We discuss the limitations of the current evidence, make provisional recommendations, and identify opportunities for research and improved care.
How post‐salt sediment flux and progradation rate influence salt tectonics on rifted margins: Insights from geodynamic modelling
Authors: Pichel Leonardo M. , Huismans Ritske S. , Gawthorpe Robert , Faleide Jan Inge
Published: July 2023

Continental rifted margins can be associated with widespread and thick salt deposits, which are often formed during the final stages of rifting, prior to breakup. These salt‐bearing margins are typically characterized by pronounced post‐rift salt tectonics with variable and complex structural styles and evolution. We use a lithosphere‐scale geodynamic numerical model to investigate the role of varying post‐rift sediment fluxes and progradation rates on rifted margin salt tectonics. We focus on a single, intermediate, rifted margin type and salt basin geometry to explore scenarios with different: (i) constant and (ii) time‐varying post‐salt sediment fluxes. We demonstrate that these promote significant contrasts in the style and magnitude of salt tectonics in the proximal, transitional and distal margin domains. The differences are primarily controlled by the relationship between the rates of sediment progradation (Vprog) and salt flow (Vs). When Vprog > Vs, the salt is rapidly buried and both vertical and lateral salt flow are suppressed across the entire margin. When Vprog < Vs, the salt flows vertically and seaward faster than sediments prograde producing major diapirism in the proximal domain and major distal nappe advance, but only moderate overburden extension and distal diapirism. When Vprog ~ Vs, there is moderate proximal diapirism and distal nappe advance, but major updip extension and downdip shortening, which produces major distal diapirism. Modelling results are comparable to various natural systems and help improve our understanding of the controls and dynamics of salt tectonics along salt‐bearing rifted margins.
Co‐producing a complex psychosocial intervention during COVID‐19 with young people transitioning from adolescent secure hospitals to adult services in England: Moving Forward intervention (MFi)
Authors: Livanou Maria , Bull Marcus , Manitsa Ifigeneia , Hunt Jodie , Lane Rebecca , Heneghan Anya
Published: July 2023

Background

Young people moving from adolescent secure hospitals to adult care present with multiple and complex needs which often remain unmet during transition periods. This paper delineates the process of developing and co‐producing the moving forward intervention (MFi), which aims to address the psychosocial needs of transitioning youth who have limited access to well‐researched and tailored service provisions.

Method

An extensive search of the relevant literature was conducted to generate themes and guide the co‐production phase. Fourteen Advisory Group Meetings were held virtually during COVID‐19 to design the MFi module content with 17 keyworkers, 2 parents and 13 young people aged 17–18 years across six adolescent secure hospitals in England. Thematic analysis was used to reflect on the field notes discussed in the Advisory Groups.

Results

Co‐produced themes from the literature and the Advisory Groups informed the development of the proposed intervention. Three overarching themes pertinent to expectations in adult services, improving communication gaps between services and facilitating the letting go period emerged from the co‐production phase. It was suggested the MFi is co‐delivered by a peer with lived experience to build trust and create hopefulness among young people. The importance of promoting graded transitions through standardised procedures was highlighted.

Conclusions

The current findings promote evidence‐based initiatives and build robust practice frameworks that inform treatment and policy guidelines. The young people, parents and keyworkers found the MFi supportive and valued the co‐production experience. As such, co‐production has been a vital tool in promoting patient engagement and empowerment, and reducing service inequalities, especially in adolescent secure hospitals.
Use of medications associated with weight change among participants in the All of Us research programme
Authors: Almazan Erik , Schwartz Jessica L. , Gudzune Kimberly A.
Published: July 2023

Our objective was to describe the use of medications associated with weight change among US adults with overweight/obesity, including anti‐obesity medications (AOMs), weight‐loss‐promoting and weight‐gain‐promoting medications. We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of data from the nationwide All of Us Research Programme. We included adults with measured body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2 enrolled between 2018 and 2022 across the United States. We used linked electronic health record data to determine medication use ±12 months of BMI measure. Our 132 057 participants had mean age 54 years and mean BMI 34 kg/m2; 60% of participants were women, 62% White, and 32% Black. Only 1% used any AOM, and 14% used at least one weight‐loss‐promoting medication. We found that 36% used at least one weight‐gain‐promoting medication, and approximately 20% used multiple weight‐gain‐promoting medications. While AOMs are underutilized by participants with overweight/obesity, weight‐gain‐promoting medication use is common. Our results raise concern about potential iatrogenic weight gain from medications. Future research is needed to estimate the long‐term effect of weight‐gain‐promoting medications on weight status and determine whether weight‐loss benefits occur with their discontinuation. Clinician education on AOMs and weight‐loss‐promoting medications may be needed to increase their use.
Heart rate stability in a clinical setting and after a short exercise in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Wildenbeest Fleur W. H. , Hassing Gert‐Jan , Kemme Michiel J. B. , Moerland Matthijs , Gal Pim
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Limited data exist on heart rate stabilization in the domiciled nature of phase I clinical studies, particularly when frequent measurements of QT intervals are involved. The present analysis aimed to evaluate heart rate stability in the domiciled nature of, and stabilization after a short exercise.

Methods

Fifty‐six healthy male subjects were included in this analysis. Data during a domiciled clinical setting and after a short exercise were analysed. Mean values of 30 s intervals of collected electrocardiographical data (PR, RR, QT and QTcF intervals) during a 10‐min supine resting period in a domiciled nature or after walking up and down three stories (100 steps) were compared to baseline values using paired t‐tests or compared to the intrasubject standard deviation.

Results

Stable heart rates and stable QTcF intervals observed immediately upon assuming a supine position in the domiciled clinical setting. After the short exercise, PR interval and RR interval were significantly (p < 0.05) shorter for up to 120 s (mean value −9.8 ± 7.2 ms) and 30 s (−160 ± 165 ms, p < 0.05), respectively. QT and QTcF intervals were significantly (p < 0.05) shorter for up to 90 and 120 s postexercise, respectively. Both QT and QTcF intervals stabilized after 2 min, but QT interval remained prolonged while QTcF interval returned to baseline levels.

Conclusion

In a clinical setting, male volunteers do not require a waiting period for electrocardiographic parameter normalization. However, accurate measurement of these parameters following a short exercise necessitates a minimum 2‐min resting interval.
The role of culture on the phenomenology of hallucinations and delusions, explanatory models, and help‐seeking attitudes: A narrative review
Authors: Ghanem Mawada , Evangeli‐Dawson Christian , Georgiades Anna
Published: July 2023

Aim

Culture has been posited to be involved in the formation and maintenance of delusions and hallucinations. The extent of these differences and how they affect explanatory models of psychosis and help‐seeking attitudes remains to be understood. This review aims to present a cultural formulation to account for psychosis onset, symptom maintenance, and help‐seeking attitudes.

Methods

A narrative review was conducted to summarize the existing evidence base regarding cross‐cultural differences in hallucinatory and delusional prevalence, explanatory models, and help‐seeking attitudes in First Episode Psychosis (FEP) and Non‐FEP Schizophrenia samples.

Results

Sixteen studies were eligible for inclusion. In terms of positive symptom specificity, cross‐cultural differences were found. Specifically, auditory and visual hallucinations occurred most frequently in African patients, persecutory and grandiose delusions occurred at higher rates in African, Pakistani, and Latino patients, while delusions of reference were most prevalent in White‐British groups. Three explanatory models were identified. Westerners tended to endorse a bio‐psychosocial explanation, which was associated with increased help‐seeking, engagement, and positive medication attitudes. Asian, Latino, Polish, and Māori patients endorsed religious‐spiritual explanatory models, while African patients opted for a bewitchment model. The religious‐spiritual and bewitchment models were associated with a longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and poorer engagement with mental health services.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the important influence of culture in the formation and maintenance of positive symptoms of psychosis, engagement, and help‐seeking attitudes across different ethnic groups. The incorporation of cultural beliefs in formulation development could facilitate enriched CBTp practices and improved engagement amongst different cultural groups with Early Intervention Services.
A multi‐scalar critical analysis of return migration policies in Mexico
Authors: Fernández‐Sánchez Higinio , Salma Jordana , Dorow Sara , Salami Bukola
Published: July 2023

Services and resources for migrants returning to Mexico are necessary to ease their transition and “re‐integration” into home communities. Policies that do not have a holistic approach can result in serious implications for the social, political, cultural, and health of returnees, receiving families, and communities. This research critically analyses return migration policies in Mexico drawing from the intersectionality‐based policy analysis framework and a multi‐scalar approach to critically study return migration policies in Mexico. We analysed 20 return migration policies using the principles of the intersectionality‐based policy analysis framework. In 2021, we interviewed those impacted by return migration policies in Veracruz, Mexico to gain deeper insights into return migration policies. Women who stayed behind, return migrants, community leaders, and health‐care providers were interviewed via phone or face‐to‐face in Spanish. Information was transcribed verbatim and analysed with the aid of computer‐assisted data analysis software and quotes were translated into English. They shed light on two major inequities in policies: (1) the lack of acknowledgement of diversity or return migrants and (2) the exclusion of receiving families and communities from the “re‐integration” process of return migrants. Based on the multi‐scalar critical policy analysis, return migration policies in Mexico would benefit from a more comprehensive and inclusive approach where the needs of return migrants and community members are protected based on their diversity.
Enhanced high‐power performance of Fe‐doped PZMNZT piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Tang Wenbin , Wang Yuequn , Xiang Guanglei , Zhao Xuefeng , Pan Zhiyong , Wang Yiping , Yang Ying , Wang Yaojin , Yuan Guoliang
Published: July 2023

High‐power piezoelectric ceramics are typically driven to output vibration velocity (v0) under high AC electric fields. Herein, the Fe2O3 doped 0.125 Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3) O3–0.075 Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.8 Pb(Zr0.48Ti0.52)O3(PZMNZT–xFe; x = 0.05–0.35) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared to enhance v0, and the favorable comprehensive electrical properties, such as d33 = 315 pC/N, Qm = 1738, kp = 0.58, kt = 0.48, εr = 1156, tan δ = 0.4%, and Tc = 320°C, were achieved in the PZMNZT–0.15Fe ceramic. Most importantly, the PZMNZT–0.15Fe ceramic presented a reliable v0 of 0.90 m/s, which was 2.25 times of the commercial PZT4 ceramic (∼0.40 m/s). The excellent high‐power performance should be attributed to ordering functional elements such as crystal grains and ferroelectric domains. Overall, this work reveals that the PZMNZT–0.15Fe ceramic is competitive for high‐power applications.
Reframing care while enduring the traumatic nature of witnessing disrupted family‐patient‐nurses' relationships during COVID‐19
Authors: dos Santos Maiara Rodrigues , Abbott‐Anderson Kristen , Ponto Julie , Silva Lucas Thiago Pereira , Ferro Tais de Abreu , Schweiss Cy , Eggenberger Sandra , Meiers Sonja , Szylit Regina
Published: July 2023

Aim

To describe the lived experiences of nurses caring for patients and families in the context of COVID‐19 in Brazil and United States.

Design

A phenomenological philosophical approach following the van Manen analysis method.

Methods

Participants were recruited in Brazil and the United States, including nurses working in health care settings caring for COVID‐19 patients. Recruitment used purposive and snowball sampling. Participants completed a demographic survey and semi‐structured interviews that were audio‐recorded and transcribed for analysis. A cross‐cultural examination occurred among researchers from each country.

Results

The result was described (n = 35) by the themes, representing the essences of each lifeworld (relationship, time, space and body). The nurses' lived experience was one of reframing care while enduring repeated trauma of witnessing disrupted patient‐family‐nurse relationships. Themes were as follows: (a) Living a silent and lonely experience; (b) Providing connectedness for disrupted patient and family relationships; (c) Feeling the burden of the demands; (d) Being a helping connector; (e) Reshaping spaces amidst evolving interventions and policies; (f) Creating safe spaces, surrounded by turmoil, threat, and distress within an unsafe environment; (g) Reorganizing care and reframing time; (h) Reconciling losses, regrets, victories and lessons.

Conclusion

The nurses' lived experience of caring for patients and families during the COVID‐19 pandemic prompted the need to respond to repeated traumas and distress posed by interrupted patient‐family and nurse‐own family relationships, vulnerable bodies, threatened space and dynamic and volatile time.

Impact

Cultural nuances were discovered depending on the practice setting, political discourse and the autonomy of the nurse. Innovative models of care that create structures and processes to support nurses in caring for patients in threatening environments and the commitment to connecting family members have potential to contribute to the ongoing health of the nursing profession.
Annual Research Review: Sex, gender, and internalizing conditions among adolescents in the 21st century – trends, causes, consequences
Authors: Keyes Katherine M. , Platt Jonathan M.
Published: July 2023

Internalizing conditions of psychopathology include depressive and anxiety disorders; they most often onset in adolescence, are relatively common, and contribute to significant population morbidity and mortality. In this research review, we present the evidence that internalizing conditions, including depression and anxiety, as well as psychological distress, suicidal thoughts and self‐harm, and fatal suicide, are considerably increasing in adolescent populations across many countries. Evidence indicates that increases are currently greatest in female adolescents. We present an epidemiological framework for evaluating the causes of these increases, and synthesize research on whether several established risk factors (e.g., age of pubertal transition and stressful life events) and novel risk factors (e.g., digital technology and social media) meet conditions necessary to be plausible causes of increases in adolescent internalizing conditions. We conclude that there are a multitude of potential causes of increases in adolescent internalizing conditions, outline evidence gaps including the lack of research on nonbinary and gender nonconforming populations, and recommend necessary prevention and intervention foci from a clinical and public health perspective.
A review on processing technologies for value added millet products
Authors: Jindal Priyanka , Nikhanj Pooja
Published: July 2023

Millets are the high‐energy foods that have been cultivated since 10,000 years ago and are typically grown in degraded and marginal lands. Finger millet, pearl millet, foxtail millet, barnyard millet, proso millet, kodo millet, and sorghum millet are the seven most important millets grown worldwide along with other minor millets like Teff, Fonio, brown top millet, and so on. Nowadays, there are many problems like obesity, diabetes, coronary diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and the risk of colon, breast cancer which are increasing day by day keeping in their current sedentary lifestyle as a result of ones reliable on cereals based diet only. At present, it is necessary to diverse our diets from cereals to other nutritionally dense millets which are the source of all vital nutrients and minerals besides providing general nutrients required for human growth. Although there are numerous food processing technologies available to transform millets into a variety of products with added value, their practical adoption in the food processing industries is still lacking. Low demand in the market is a result of a variety of reasons, starting with the agricultural process. These factors include the scarcity of high‐quality seeds, inadequate equipment, a lack of technical understanding, and consumer misconceptions about the sensory qualities of millet. However, because millet has so many potential uses, attention is now being drawn to this area of study. Millets would therefore considerably enhance market demand and open up countless opportunities for the production of millet‐based goods on a large scale. Therefore, the goal of the current article is to thoroughly analyze millet processing technology and bioprocessing methods, including health benefits. This review focuses on the nutritional properties and millets seed processing technologies of Indian millets along with their advantages and impact on their nutritional components.

Practical applications

Various technologies have been developed to formulate millets based value‐added products. Over the traditional processing, the impact of modern processing like dehusking, pearling, grinding, and so on, techniques have been approached to greater extent for millets processing. Non‐thermal techniques are now‐a‐days used because of its low adverse consequences and various benefits over old traditional techniques. The most important food processing technologies for each millet are included in the review, along with a list of millet‐based goods that are readily available worldwide. It also includes information on the millet nutritional properties and the impact of processing technologies over them. The current study suggests expanding millet and millet‐based goods' high‐value uses in industrial settings. Millets have the best nutritional profile of any cereal, have more environmentally friendly production methods, and are better for consumers, farmers, and the environment.
Professional caregivers' perceived barriers hindering the prevention and reduction of involuntary treatment among older persons receiving long‐term care: A mixed methods study
Authors: Willems Jules , Passos Valéria Lima , Hamers Jan P. H. , Bleijlevens Michel H. C.
Published: July 2023

Aims

To gain insights into the barriers towards the prevention and/or reduction of involuntary treatment in long‐term geriatric care.

Design

Mixed methods.

Background

Measures to which a person resists and/or does not provide consent for are defined as involuntary treatment. The use of involuntary treatment violates the autonomy of (older) persons and causes more harm than benefit. Moreover, it contradicts the values of person‐centred care. Nevertheless, its use among people living with dementia (PLWD) is still common practice.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional, mixed methods study, including an online survey for professional caregivers and a semistructured focus group interview with professional caregivers.

Results

A total of 218 participants completed the questionnaire. The percentage of participants who perceived barriers in one of the 22 survey items ranged from 15% to 42%. Lack of time, the experienced need to use involuntary treatment, uncertainty about responsibilities of stakeholders and a lack of knowledge on methods to prevent and/or reduce the use of involuntary treatment were most seen as barriers. Nursing staff perceived a lack of time hindering them in the prevention or reduction of involuntary treatment more often than other professional caregivers. Working in home care and having no former experience with involuntary treatment usage increased perceived barriers. Participants of the focus group interview confirmed these findings and added that professional caregivers in general lack awareness on the concept of involuntary treatment.

Conclusions

One out of four professional caregivers experiences barriers hindering prevention and/or reduction of involuntary treatment. More research is needed to gain a better understanding of how professional caregivers can be supported to remove barriers and, consequently, prevent and/or reduce the use of involuntary treatment.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Professional caregivers experience many barriers towards the prevention and reduction of involuntary treatment. Future initiatives should aim to remove the perceived barriers.
Improving patient’s intensive care admission through multidisciplinary simulation‐based crisis resource management: A qualitative study
Authors: Jensen Janet F. , Ramos Joanna , Ørom Marie‐Louise , Naver Kirsten B. , Shiv Louise , Bunkenborg Gitte , Kodal Anne Marie , Skram Ulrik
Published: July 2023

Aim

To explore nurses' and physicians' experiences of simulation‐based training in a crisis resource management quality improvement intervention on intensive care admission.

Background

Quantitative studies have documented that staffs' non‐technical skills are improved after simulation‐based training in crisis resource management interventions. Experienced‐based consensus led to development of a quality improvement intervention based on principles of crisis resource management and tested in simulation‐based training to enhance staffs' non‐technical skills. However, the impact on staff is unexplored, leaving little understanding of the relationship between simulation‐based training in crisis resource management interventions and changes in non‐technical skills.

Design

A qualitative study with a hermeneutical approach.

Methods

Data consisted of semi‐structured interviews with physicians (n = 5) and nurses (n = 15) with maximum variation in work experience. Data were collected 3 months after implementation and analysed using thematic analysis. The COREQ guideline was applied.

Results

The analysis revealed three themes: prioritising core clinical activities and patient centredness; transition into practice; and reflection on patient safety. These themes reflected staff's experiences of the intervention and implementation process, which evolved through prioritising core clinical activities that facilitated the transition into clinical practice and staff's reflection on patient safety.

Conclusions

Prioritising core clinical activities were facilitated by clear communication, predefined roles and better teamwork. Transition into practice stimulated professional growth through feedback. Reflection on patient safety created a new understanding on how a new structure of intensive care admission could be implemented. Collectively, this indicated a joint understanding of admissions.

Implications for Practice

Findings enables health care professionals to understand how the intervention can contribute to improve quality of care in management of intensive care admission. Improving non‐technical skills are vital in high‐quality admissions, which supported a structured process and a collaborative professional standard of admissions.

Patient and Public Contribution

None.
Survival of fixed prosthetic restorations on vital and nonvital teeth: A systematic review
Authors: Hawthan Mohammed , Larsson Christel , Chrcanovic Bruno R.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the survival rate of full‐coverage tooth‐supported fixed prosthetic restorations, single crowns (SCs), and fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), taking into consideration the potential influence of tooth‐vitality, presence and type of post, and type of prosthetic restoration material.

Materials and methods

In October 2022, two authors independently conducted a search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases as well as a hand search to identify clinical human studies on full‐coverage SCs and FDPs supported by vital and/or non‐vital abutments and/or a combination of both, with a minimum observation period of 24 months.

Results

Out of 4198 studies identified through the database search and 22 through hand searching, 26 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis of the present systematic review. Included studies scored six points and more according to Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS). The highest estimated 5‐year survival rate was observed for (metal‐ceramic and all‐ceramic) SCs on vital teeth (98.3%; 95% CI [98.1, 98.6%]) and all ceramic SCs on non‐vital teeth with fiber post (95.0%; 95% CI [94.5–95.4%]). Metal‐ceramic SCs on vital teeth (97.1%; 95% CI [95.6–98.7%]) showed a statistically significant higher estimated 5‐year survival rate compared to metal‐ceramic SCs with cast metal post (90.7%; 95% CI [87.4–94.0%], P < 0.001), fiber post (91.3%; 95% CI [90.9–91.6%], P < 0.001) and without post (85.7%; 95% CI [80.7, 90.6%], P < 0.032). All‐ceramic SCs with fiber post had a statistically significant higher estimated 5‐year survival rate (95.0%; 95% CI [94.5–95.4%]) compared to metal‐ceramic SCs on non‐vital teeth with fiber post (91.3%; 95% CI [90.9–91.6%], P < 0.001). SCs (all‐ceramic and metal‐ceramic) with fiber post had a statistically significantly higher estimated 5‐year survival rate of (92.7%; 95% CI [92.4–92.9%]) than SCs made of metal‐ceramic and retained by cast metal post (90.7%; 95% CI [87.4–94.0%], P < 0.001). For FDPs, the 5‐year survival rate was significantly higher for FDPs on vital abutments (84.9%; 95% CI [75.9, 93.9%]) compared to FDPs retained by non‐vital abutment/s (81.3%; 95% CI [80.3, 82.2%], P = 0.049) irrespective to presence, type of post, and FDPs material. The results are limited by the limited number of studies and the presence of uncontrolled confounding clinical variables.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of the study, tooth vitality is suggested to contribute positively to the survival of SCs and FDPs.
Couples' joint retirement by household type: Evidence from Finland
Authors: Haapanen Mika , Pehkonen Jaakko , Seppälä Ville
Published: July 2023

This study examines joint retirement in Finland. Employing a regression discontinuity design, the study leverages the exogenous variation provided by the eligibility age for earnings‐related pensions. The analysis yields three key findings. First, reaching the eligibility age has a significant effect on an individual's retirement. Second, male spouses' retirement at the age of 63 has a spillover effect on their female spouses. Third, disaggregated analyses show that older spouses in low‐income households delay their retirement, older male (female) spouses with female (male) primary earners postpone their retirement, and younger female spouses with male primary earners expedite their retirement.
Observations of feeding practices of US parents of young children with Down syndrome
Authors: Surette Victoria A. , Smith‐Simpson Sarah , Fries Lisa R. , Forde Ciarán G. , Ross Carolyn F.
Published: July 2023

Parental behaviours influence food acceptance in young children, but few studies have measured these behaviours using observational methods, especially among children with Down syndrome (CWDS). The overall goal of this study was to understand parent feeding practices used during snack time with young CWDS (N = 111, aged 11–58 months). A coding scheme was developed to focus on feeding practices used by parents of CWDS from a structured home‐use test involving tasting variously textured snack products. Behavioural coding was used to categorise parental feeding practices and quantify their frequencies (N = 212 video feeding sessions). A feeding prompt was coded as successful if the child ate the target food product or completed the prompt within 20 s of the prompt being given without a refusal behaviour. CWDS more frequently consumed the test foods and completed tasks in response to Autonomy‐Supportive Prompts to Eat (49.3%), than to Coercive‐Controlling Prompts to Eat (24.2%). By exploring the parent–CWDS relationship during feeding, we can identify potentially desirable parent practices to encourage successful feeding for CWDS. Future research should build upon the knowledge gained from this study to confirm longitudinal associations of parent practices with child behaviours during feeding.
First‐round accreditation and pass rates on licensing examination at different medical schools in China: Closing the performance gap
Authors: You You , Li Man , Xie Ana , Wang Weimin
Published: July 2023

Background

Although the accreditation approach is widely used to ensure the quality of medical education in many countries, there is scant empirical evidence on whether and how it improves actual medical school performance. We focused on conditions in China, which introduced an accreditation system during the 2010s. Specifically, we examined the relationship between first‐round accreditation and actual performance based on the results of medical licensing examinations. Referring to organisation theory, we hypothesised that the impacts of accreditation would depend on existing performance gaps.

Method

In 2022, we analysed panel data from 105 Chinese medical schools during accreditation (2012 to 2021) and pass rates on medical licensing examinations (2011 to 2019), as matched into 834 school‐year records in a window of years before and after accreditation. We employed fixed‐effects regression models with a comparison group to exclude factors that may have confounded the impacts of accreditation time. We also demonstrated the heterogeneous effects of accreditation by tier and performance gap of medical schools.

Results

The conservative estimates showed a substantial cumulative improvement (over 15 percentage points) in pass rates during the years before accreditation, with no clear trend indicating performance drops in the years after accreditation. Lower‐tiered medical schools gained greater benefits from accreditation. Medical schools with a larger prior performance gap achieved a greater percentage point increase in pass rates with the passage of time in pre‐accreditation years.

Conclusions

This is the first empirical study to investigate whether accreditation has bridged performance gaps among medical schools. The results support the value of accreditation in China, a country that recently established the system, and might work as a substitute for missing information on early accreditation history in countries with long‐established accreditation systems. We encourage more studies in countries that have recently introduced accreditation systems.
BamE directly interacts with BamA and BamD coordinating their functions
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Konovalova Anna
Published: July 2023

The β‐barrel assembly machinery (Bam) complex facilitates the assembly of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in gram‐negative bacteria. The Bam complex is conserved and essential for bacterial viability and consists of five subunits, BamA‐E. BamA is the transmembrane component, and its β‐barrel domain opens laterally to allow folding and insertion of incoming OMPs. The remaining components are regulatory, among which only BamD is essential. Previous studies suggested that BamB regulates BamA directly, while BamE and BamC serve as BamD regulators. However, specific molecular details of their functions remain unknown. Our previous research demonstrated that BamE plays a specialized role in assembling the complex between the lipoprotein RcsF and its OMP partners, required for the Regulator of Capsule Synthesis (Rcs) stress response. Here, we used RcsF/OmpA as a model substrate to investigate BamE function. Our results challenge the current view that BamE only serves as a BamD regulator. We show that BamE also directly interacts with BamA. BamE interaction with both BamA and BamD is important for function. Our genetic and biochemical analysis shows that BamE stabilizes the Bam complex and promotes bidirectional signaling interaction between BamA and BamD. This BamE function becomes essential when direct BamA/BamD communication is impeded.
Associations between cortical thickness and parasympathetic nervous system functioning during middle childhood
Authors: Korom Marta , Tabachnick Alexandra R. , Sellers Tabitha , Valadez Emilio A. , Tottenham Nim , Dozier Mary
Published: July 2023

Positive associations have been found between cortical thickness and measures of parasympathetic cardiac control (e.g., respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) in adults, which may indicate mechanistic integration between neural and physiological indicators of stress regulation. However, it is unknown when in development this brain–body association arises and whether the direction of association and neuroanatomical localization vary across development. To investigate this, we collected structural magnetic resonance imaging and resting‐state respiratory sinus arrhythmia data from children in middle childhood (N = 62,Mage = 10.09, range: 8.28–12.14 years). Whole‐brain and exploratory ROI analyses revealed positive associations between RSA and cortical thickness in four frontal and parietal clusters in the left hemisphere and one cluster in the right. Exploratory ROI analyses revealed a similar positive association between cortical thickness and RSA, with two regions surviving multiple comparison correction, including the inferior frontal orbital gyrus and the Sylvian fissure. Prior work has identified these cortical areas as part of the central autonomic network that supports integrative regulation of stress response (e.g., autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral) and emotional expression. Our results suggest that the association between cortical thickness and resting RSA is present in middle childhood and is similar to the associations seen during adulthood. Future studies should investigate associations between RSA and cortical thickness among young children and adolescents.
Social inequity in administrative burdens: Evidence from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
Authors: Cuffey Joel , Newby Kara , Smith Sarah
Published: July 2023

Administrative burdens in government programs are common and may exacerbate inequity in government service provision and access. Work requirements represent an onerous administrative burden as they entail substantial effort in complying and documenting compliance. We investigate whether state politics and race influence local Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) work requirement restrictiveness. To measure restrictiveness, we leverage the fact that states can apply for waivers of the SNAP work requirement during times of high unemployment. Using a novel dataset of county waivers from 2005 to 2018, we investigate whether state politics or county racial composition predict the likelihood a county has work requirements waived, conditional on unemployment. We find that counties in Republican‐controlled states and counties with higher percentages of Black populations are less likely to be waived. Counties with higher Black percentages are less likely to be waived if they are located in Republican‐controlled states. These results highlight the need for greater transparency in waiver implementation.
The significance of skepticism
Authors: Madigan Taylor
Published: July 2023

There is a recurrent sort of skeptical character in philosophical debates who believes that some social practice must be abolished because it involves a false presupposition about how things ‘really’ are. I examine this style of skeptical argument, using the moral responsibility skeptic as my main illustration. I excavate two unstated and un‐argued for premises that it requires (which I call Undistorted Truth and Privileged Conception). This exposes the full extent of the argumentative burdens that such a skeptic must discharge. I aim to make progress by offering skeptics and anti‐skeptics alike a way forward: the skeptic is provided a clear agenda, while the anti‐skeptic is provided a diagnostic tool to assess this style of skeptical arguments at key junctures.
Evaluating the Covid‐19 pandemic: The role of moral disengagement
Authors: Aignesberger Verena , Greitemeyer Tobias
Published: July 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic affected daily life worldwide. We examined how individuals perceived these changes. We expected the propensity to morally disengage (MD) to predict a less negative view of the pandemic via lower perspective‐taking and compassion. As predicted, the results of a cross‐sectional study (N = 717) show that alongside dispositional optimism, MD was associated with perceiving the pandemic in a less negative manner. Unexpectedly, the proposed mediating effects were not found. Exploratory results showed that MD predicted existential security directly and quality of life indirectly via lower compassion. Altogether, MD may provide some benefits in terms of pandemic perceptions.
The most common types of uroliths larger than 1 mm are readily visible and accurately measured in an in vitro setting mimicking the canine abdomen using digital radiography
Authors: DeBow Patricia , Auger Mylène , Fazio Constance , Cline Kelsey , Zhu Xiaojuan , Lulich Jody , de Swarte Marie , Lamb Donald , Hespel Adrien‐Maxence
Published: July 2023

Abdominal radiography is an important diagnostic to detect uroliths. Cystine and urate uroliths were historically characterized as nonmineral opaque on survey radiographs. However, recent research and clinical observations indicate that pure urate and cystine uroliths may be detected with digital radiography. The primary purpose of this prospective, in vitro, diagnostic accuracy study was to determine the sensitivity of digital radiography in detecting cystoliths of varying size and composition. Forty canine uroliths of pure composition (10 each of calcium oxalate, struvite, cystine, and urate), acquired from Minnesota Urolith Center and ranging from 1 to 10 mm, were placed in phantoms of three various sizes and radiographed. The radiographs, including three sets of each urolith separately, were evaluated by three blinded radiologists on two separate occasions. Evaluation included presence or absence of urolith, number of uroliths, and maximum diameter of the urolith(s). For all four types of uroliths and all readers, the specificity and PPV were 100% with an associated very high sensitivity (94.4%–98.9%) and NPV (94.8%–98.9%). Calcium oxalate uroliths were the most accurately measured and struvite were the least accurately measured when compared with the gross measurement. Smaller uroliths were more accurately measured than larger uroliths. Uroliths placed in smaller bladder phantoms were more accurately measured than in larger bladder phantoms. Though accurate measurement of uroliths is complicated by and dependent on numerous variables, our results reveal that urate and cystine uroliths are visualized on digital radiography making them a relevant differential diagnosis when seen clinically.
G-valued crystalline deformation rings in the Fontaine–Laffaille range
Authors: Booher Jeremy , Levin Brandon
Published: July 2023

Let$G$be a split reductive group over the ring of integers in a$p$-adic field with residue field$\mathbf {F}$. Fix a representation$\overline {\rho }$of the absolute Galois group of an unramified extension of$\mathbf {Q}_p$, valued in$G(\mathbf {F})$. We study the crystalline deformation ring for$\overline {\rho }$with a fixed$p$-adic Hodge type that satisfies an analog of the Fontaine–Laffaille condition for$G$-valued representations. In particular, we give a root theoretic condition on the$p$-adic Hodge type which ensures that the crystalline deformation ring is formally smooth. Our result improves on all known results for classical groups not of type A and provides the first such results for exceptional groups.
Exilio y afectos de fin de siglo. Soledad Acosta en París y su República femenina de las letras, 1890-1896
Authors: Alzate Carolina
Published: July 2023

Este artículo estudia la escritura del exilio de Soledad Acosta de Samper (1833-1913) desde su último año en Bogotá y durante los casi cinco de su permanencia en París. Dicha escritura está compuesta por un corpus amplio y heterogéneo: su diario íntimo de 1890 a 1891, su correspondencia comercial e intelectual, sus publicaciones en prensa, las memorias de los congresos del cuarto Centenario del Descubrimiento celebrados en España, su libro de viaje a dicho país y los ensayos reunidos en su libro La mujer en la sociedad moderna (1895). El artículo sostiene que su exilio de la nación y de la República de las letras lleva a la autora a proponer la construcción de una República femenina diseñada para “ayudarse, defenderse y darse mutuamente gloria”. Esta aproximación despliega su análisis dentro de la teoría sobre el exilio y el giro afectivo.
The “ANZAHPE Way”: Nurturing health professionals, educators, learners and researchers in the next 50 years
Authors: Ash Julie Katherine , Anakin Megan , Canny Benedict , Denniston Charlotte , Molloy Elizabeth , Rogers Gary , Romeo Jill , Rudland Joy , Schoo Adrian , Tai Joanna , Vnuk Anna
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we argue that Australian & New Zealand Association for Health Professional Educators (ANZAHPE) is a nurturing organisation and envision what cultivating this means for its future. We use communities of practice and social learning to examine ANZAHPE’s evolution as a nurturing association. We describe two ANZAHPE innovations, the unique conference presentation format called the “personally arranged learning session”, or “PeArLS”, and a new professional development program called “ANZAHPE Online”. We then reflect on how these function as nurturing structures in which members embody ANZAHPE’s philosophy of community learning. From these examples, we draw out future directions for the association.
Heat-transfer modeling of the gas gap under a wafer
Authors: Gonzalez-Juez E.
Published: July 2023

The wafer temperature is a critical observable in semiconductor manufacturing. One of the various mechanisms determining this temperature is the heat transfer in a gas gap between the wafer and the electrostatic chuck (ESC). Various correlations for this heat transfer are available. However, to calculate more accurately the spatial distribution of this temperature, computing the flow in this gap is necessary. With this motivation in mind, this paper presents a computational fluid dynamics model (CFD) for the flow in the wafer-ESC gap that is designed to be easy to implement in industrial CFD codes. This model is tested in various channel-flow problems and then applied to a generic wafer-ESC configuration. For this configuration, CFD results show that varying the flow rate split between three zones, or the total flow rate, or the rugosity of the wafer affect the heat transfer coefficient and its spatial variation. This is important since controlling this variation would allow to maintain a uniform wafer temperature. The model could be used in more realistic wafer-ESC configurations to consider many other parameter variations, such as the size of injection holes, a radially varying gap distance, or the use of many injection zones. From a broader viewpoint, the model is applicable to vacuum problems other than the wafer-ESC configuration.