bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percepción del desempeño ético, socioemocional y académico de médicos de primera línea en la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Parra Acosta Haydee , Pizarro Norma , González Carrillo Eliazar
Published: July 2022

Introducción: la COVID-19 generó múltiples crisis en la humanidad y desafíos en el desempeño académico y profesional de los médicos. El objetivo es analizar, desde el enfoque de la complejidad y la transdisciplinariedad, la percepción que tienen los médicos sobre su desempeño académico y ético y cómo consideran que afecta el aspecto socioemocional. Método: se realizaron entrevistas individuales y de grupo focal a médicos de primera línea que laboran en los hospitales de COVID-19 en el Estado de Chihuahua. La información se procesó con el apoyo de la unidad hermenéutica del procesador de textos Atlas.ti. Resultados: el desempeño ético es un factor clave. Su análisis transdisciplinar reveló que va más allá de la aplicación de los valores de la profesión; implica el cuidado personal y la decisión que se debe tomar sobre quién vive y quién muere. Este reto bioético afecta a su aspecto socioemocional y a su condición humana. Conclusiones: la percepción que tienen del desempeño ético lo relacionan con: autocuidado, decisiones bioéticas y la carencia de formación continua. Su afectación socioemocional está asociada con la ansiedad y el estrés generado por el miedo y la incertidumbre. De acuerdo con estos resultados, la formación médica debe innovarse.
SOCIAL MEDIA SEBAGAI DATA NON FINANCIAL UNTUK DETEKSI FINANCIAL FRAUD
Authors: Dian Oktarina
Published: July 2022

Pada era yang serba modern dan digital ini membuat semua hal dapat dilakukan secara digital melalui social media, termasuk melihat apakah suatu perusahaan melakukan financial fraud atau tidak. Penelitian ini menggunakan data non financial dan financial untuk mendeteksi financial fraud. Data non financial diambil dari social media perusahaan yang diproksikan oleh public account, account authentication, account creation time dan posting frequency. Data financial diproksikan dengan EPS, operating margin, ROA, quick ratio, debt ratio, assets turnover dan growth rate of net profit. Penelitian ini menggunakan perhitungan Beneish M-Score untuk menentukan apakah terjadi financial fraud di dalam perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan sampel perusahaan non keuangan dan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2019-2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data non financial berupa public account, account authentication, dan account creation time berpengaruh terhadap financial fraud, sedangkan posting frequency tidak berpengaruh terhadap financial fraud. Pada data financial, semua proksinya tidak berpengaruh terhadap financial fraud.
Optical and Structural Study of the CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) Thin Film for Solar Cell Derived from the Chloride-Based sol-gel Precursor Solution
Authors: Rahman M , Bashar MS , Islam N
Published: July 2022

Fabrication of environmentally safe C2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) photovoltaic thin films of pure kesterite state is crucial. We have preparedCZTS thin films by sol-gel dip-coating process from chloride-based chemicals. After vacuum-annealed at 550°C, the optical andstructural characters of the films were further examined by UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) methods. The CZTS films offered high optical absorption(0.4x104cm-1) and nearly optimum bandgap energy (1.65e V). X-ray diffraction examination confirmed the kesterite structure offilms. Scanning electron micrograph affirmed the creation of jam-packed, condensed and granulated CZTS films. The thin filmdisplayed intermittent disposal of agglomerated particles with clear-cut edges. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy study gavethe stoichiometric ratio as Cu: Zn: Sn: S= 2.2: 1.4: 1: 5.1.

Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 1-7, 2022 (January)
An Econometric Analysis to Forecast the Food Grain Production in Bangladesh by Using ARIMA and VAR Models
Authors: Hossain Md Mehedi , Khanam Murshida , Akhter Salma
Published: July 2022

In this study, an Econometric analysis has been conducted to identify the important factors that affect the food grain productions inBangladesh. Here, we have considered time series data for the years from 1989- 1990 to 2019-2020. Vector Autoregressive (VAR)Model and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model have been considered in this study. Both these modelshave been considered to forecast the productions of food grains in Bangladesh. The forecasting performances of these two modelshave been compared by using RMSE, MAE, and MAPE. It has been found that the VAR model is better than the ARIMA model toforecast the food grain production. On the other hand, it has been come out from the analysis that there is no significant impact ofchemical fertilizer on the food grain production, but irrigation area has significant impact on the food grain production. Among thethree variables: food grain production, irrigation area and chemical fertilizer, there exists short run relationship.

Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 8-13, 2022 (January)
The State of Healthcare Facilities to Provide Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Chronic Respiratory Disease Related Services in Bangladesh
Authors: Tarannum Dana Gaylan Peyari , Afroz Sawkia
Published: July 2022

The rapid rise of diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic respiratory disease (CRD) are causing serious challenges forBangladesh to achieve the sustainable development goal (SDG) target 3.4 by 2030. The study aims to describe the state of healthcarefacilities to provide diagnosis and treatment for diabetes, CVD and CRD related services in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional studyused data from 2017 Bangladesh Health Facility Survey (BHFS). A total of 406 health facilities providing all three services wereconsidered for this study. Findings of the study illustrated that there were rural-urban disparities in healthcare facilities to providediabetics, CVD, CRD related services. Diabetics and CRD related services were significantly higher in public healthcare facilitiesof urban areas compared to rural areas (P <0.008 and P<0.001, respectively). Also, public health facilities of urban areas were morelikely to provide CVD related services compared to rural areas. While private healthcare facilities of urban areas were more likelyto provide CVD, CRD related services than rural areas. Private healthcare facilities of rural areas were in better condition to providediabetes related services than urban areas. However, the country is yet to attain optimal progress in the overall status of health sector.Therefore, in order to cope up with the rising burden of diabetes, CVD and CRD and to minimize the burden of disease specific outofpocket healthcare expenses, recommendations include strengthening and improving stewardship, improving quality of servicesand improving monitoring as well as supervision of decentralized healthcare facilities.

Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 14-21, 2022 (January)
Determination of Toxic Heavy Metal Contents of Some Selected Tropical Fruits Grown in Industrial Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Ashraful , Parvin Maksuda , Quader Md Fahad Bin , Hossain Md Shakhawat
Published: July 2022

Fourteen tropical fruit items were collected from different industrial sites of the Dhaka and Chattogram region, Bangladesh todetermine toxic heavy metal contents. This study aimed at the assessment of the distribution of heavy metals (As, Pb and Cr) as wellas comparison of their level among different locations. The fruit items were analyzed for the quantiﬁcation of the selected heavymetals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The range of lead, chromium and arsenic in the fruit items were 1.12± 0.077 to 2.899 ± 0.013, 0 to 0.217 ± 0.005 and 0 to 0.078 ± 0.002 mg kg-1 respectively. It was revealed from the results that thelevel of toxic metals (As, Cr) in almost all fruit samples were within tolerable limit whereas the level of Pd in all of the fruit samplesexceeded the acceptable limits of WHO standard value. It was also observed from the results obtained that the concentration of themetals found in the samples from Dhaka regions were considerably higher than that of Chattogram. These metal contributors mainlyarising from anthropogenic sources including industrial wastes, automobile emissions, use of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides inagriculture, paints, sewage and waste disposal. The extended level of these metals causing environmental pollution is hazardous sinceplants accumulate them. Subsequently, crops uptaking these heavy metals consumed by humans and animals which is detrimental tohealth. It is therefore very important that necessary actions need to be taken to monitor the level of these deleterious elements in foodplants. In decision making, planning and risk assessing this present study will play significant role.

Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 22-27, 2022 (January)
Mixed Ligand Binuclear Complexes of Copper(II) and Cadmium(II) with Adenine and 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Authors: Abdullah Sumaia , Rahman MS , Shaikh AA , Bakshi Pradip K
Published: July 2022

Mixed ligand binuclear complexes of Cu(II) and Cd(II) with adenine (Ade) and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) havebeen synthesized at a metal to ligands (M:L:L′) molar ratio of 1:1:1 in aqueous medium under ambient conditions. All synthesizedcomplexes are powdery solids of different colours, slightly soluble in hot water and decompose at high temperature. Characterizationof the complexes was accomplished using various analytical techniques, e.g. metal and chloride content analysis, Fourier transformspectrophotometer (FT-IR), UV-visible spectrophotometer, magnetic measurement, and thermal analyses. The metal and chloridecontents analyses of the complexes reveal to their stoichiometry [M2Cl2(Ade)2(H2O)2(DABCO)]Cl2 [M = Cu(II) or Cd(II)]. Analyticaldata suggests that they are homo metal symmetric binuclear complexes comprises of two [MCl(Ade)(H2O)] moieties in betweena DABCO molecule is N,N′-bridge bonded. The arrangements of the ligands around the metal centers are essentially tetrahedralinvolving N(9) of deprotonated imidazole moiety, one Cl- ion, one oxygen from the water molecule and one tertiary N atom fromDABCO completing the coordination. Proton migration occurs from N(9) to the N(1) site resulting into a zwitterionic form ofadenine, additionally N(3) site of which is hydrogen bonded with the coordinated water molecule. Electrochemical redox behaviourof Cu(II) in presence of adenine and DABCO in the aqueous medium was also studied. It exhibits quasi-reversible one-electrontransfer processes.

Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 28-33, 2022 (January)
Simulation Based Temperature Profiling of Human Eye due to the Exposure of LED Light
Authors: Rahman Md Ashiqur , Rabbani Mamun
Published: July 2022

The use of LED luminaries is increasing day by day and the traditional sources of light are being replaced by this semiconductortechnology. In this study, the interactions of Red, Green and Blue LED light with human-eye are considered to model the temperatureprofile due to the attenuation in the ocular media. The simulation has been done using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3. The results of thestudy show that Blue LED light causes temperature rise more than the other two colours of light. At the tip of the corneal surface,blue LED light causes the temperature to rise by 0.91⁰C whereas the rise of temperature for green and red LED are 0.85⁰C and0.46⁰C respectively. However, the temperature at the posterior layers of the eye, sclera, choroid and retina undergoes little thermaleffects due to LED light owing to the fact that the heat-flux due blood flow is dominant in that region.

Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 34-41, 2022 (January)
Composition of Energy Drink Samples in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Refat Md Reazul , Nandi Polash , Shoeb Mohammad , Sultana Abida
Published: July 2022

The commercial energy drink samples of 10 different brands were analyzed to study the level of alcohol (if any), sodium benzoate,caffeine, vitamin B, and carbohydrates content. Samples were degassed by ultrasonicator, and CO2 was found to be in a range of 1.27± 0.05 to 4.10 ± 0.10 mL per 100 mL sample. The amount of caffeine, sodium benzoate, glucose, and vitamin B were studied by aUV-Visible spectrophotometer. The wavelength of absorption maxima was 224, 272, 489, 445, and 292 nm, respectively, for sodiumbenzoate, caffeine, glucose, vitamin B2, and vitamin B6. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were found to be0.998, 0.992, 0.998, 0.997, and 0.989 for caffeine, glucose, sodium benzoate, vitamin B2 and vitamin B6, respectively. The alcoholcontent was studied by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. Ethanol was not found to be present in anysample. The caffeine and sodium benzoate content in different samples was found in the range of 147.84 ± 0.53 to 846.78 ± 2.64 and52.92 ± 6.23 to 1575.37 ± 4.99 μg/mL, respectively. The sugar content in different samples was found to be 16.16 ± 4.25 to 338.33± 0.75 mg/mL. Vitamin B2 was found to be 13.21± 0.08 and 1.04 ± 0.002 μg/mL, respectively in Bacchus and Wild Brew samplesand Vitamin B6 was found to be 261.17 ± 8.38 and 115.88 ± 0.31 μg/mL in Red Bull and Bacchus samples, respectively. The pH ofthe samples was found to be in the range of 2.79 ± 0.04 to 4.88 ± 0.04.
Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 42-48, 2022 (January)
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water Samples Collected from the Southern Part of Bangladesh
Authors: Shoeb Mohammad , Sharmin Farhana , Islam Md Nazrul , Nahar Lutfun , Islam Rafiza , Parvin Nargis
Published: July 2022

Bangladesh has a vast natural water resources. In order to determine the water quality parameters such as pH, EC, DO, BOD, TOC, ionsi.e., NO3-, SO42-, PO43- and heavy metals, thirty surface water samples were collected from the southern part of Bangladesh includingthe coastal regions of Patuakhali district and Kuakata sea beach area during the dry season. The pH of water samples was ranged from7.58 to 8.77 with an average of 8.15. The average conductivity value was 8.83±2 mS/cm. The average DO was 8.33±1.82 mg/L andBOD was 0.31±0.03 mg/L. TOC was found between 0.78 and 1.78 mg/L with an average of 1.24 mg/L. The concentration of NO3-,SO42-, PO43- was determined by ion chromatography and only sulphate ion was detected in a very low concentration. Water samplesfrom different sources were analysed for five metals by AAS and the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Mn, Hg and As were below 0.2, 0.01,0.22, 0.001 and 0.005 mg/L, respectively.
Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 49-57, 2022 (January)
Proximate Analysis of Melon Seeds Available in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Refat Md Reazul , Shoeb Mohammad , Sultana Abida
Published: July 2022

The seeds of winter (wax gourd), long (bottle gourd) and large (pumpkin) melon were analyzed for nutritional parameters mainlyprotein, fat/oil, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, protein, minerals and moisture and fatty acids composition. The double beam ultravioletvisible spectrophotometer was used for analysis of total sugar. The protein content was determined using the Kjeldahl method. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to quantify minerals (Fe, Cu, and Zn). Fatty acid was analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). From the proximate analysis, it was found that the winter melon (wax gourd)seeds contain protein, oil, carbohydrate, soluble dietary fiber, moisture and ash content of 19.71, 16.46, 56.48, 3.10, 68.88 and 4.26%, respectively. Similarly, long melon (bottle gourd) was found to contain 16.12, 13.61, 46.88, 2.2, 76.45 and 5.2% of protein, oil,carbohydrate, soluble dietary fiber, moisture and ash, respectively. The contents of protein, oil, carbohydrate, soluble dietary fiber,moisture and ash in large melon (pumpkin) seeds were found to be 29.64, 18.17, 55.32, 1.3, 79.53 and 5.12%, respectively. In mineralanalysis, iron, copper, and zinc contents were found to be 6.75, 0.62, and 6.10 mg/100g in winter melon; 7.8, 1.63, and 4.25 mg/100gin long melon; and 13.95, 1.15, and 5.11 mg/100g in large melon, respectively.
Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 58-63, 2022 (January)
Cu(II) Doped TiO2 for Photodegradation of Remazol Black B in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Momen Md Abdul , Rahman Md Ataur , Begum Hosne Ara , Hossain Md Mufazzal
Published: July 2022

In the present investigation, Cu(II) doped TiO2 was prepared by a precipitation method. The precipitate was calcined at 300 ºC for2 hours. The prepared doped catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX)spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). SEM images revealed that the morphology of the doped catalyst was different fromthat of TiO2. Elemental analysis was accomplished by EDX that indicated the presence of Cu, Ti and O atoms in the prepared sample.XRD analysis confirmed that TiO2 was present as anatase with almost no distortion in peak position due to the presence of Cu(II)in some interstitial sites. Photodegradation of remazol black B (RBB) was carried out at different experimental conditions underdifferent light sources. The catalytic efficiency of Cu(II) doped TiO2 increased up to a certain dosage then reduced with a furtherincrease in the amount of photocatalyst. The optimum conditions for degradation was found at pH 3.0 under UV light. Under theseexperimental conditions, Cu(II) doped TiO2 degraded 98.8% of RBB, on the other hand, undoped TiO2 degraded only 80.0% of RBB.
Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 64-69, 2022 (January)
Sensitivity of Different Physics Schemes in the Simulation of Heat Wave Events over Bangladesh Using WRF-ARW Model
Authors: Jaman Sahadat , Islam Md Jafrul , Imran Ashik , Kamruzzaman Md , Mallik MAK , Paul Pappu , Syed IM
Published: July 2022

Heat waves (HWs) are an extreme temperature condition that has a direct impact on human lives. In recent years, a large number ofpeople have died all over the world due to hot weather. The purpose of this study is to predict HWs accurately to mitigate the casualtiescaused by them. Two HW events are selected for this study (Event-1: 0000 UTC of 18 May to 0000 UTC of 25 May 2015, Event-2:0000 UTC of 05 April to 2100 UTC of 08 April 2015). At first, sensitivity tests have been done using different combinations ofphysics schemes. Sensitivity of Planetary boundary layer (PBL) and surface layer (SL) schemes combinations (YSU-Revised MM5,YSU-MM5, MYJ-Eta, and ACM2-Revised MM5) and land surface models (RUC, Noah, Noah-MP, and CLM4) are investigated topredict Comfort Index (CI), which is identified by using Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET). To simulate PET, the primarymeteorological variables 2-m air temperature (T2), 2-m relative humidity (rh2), mean radiant temperature (TMRT), wind speed at 10m (ws10), and cloud cover data have been used. These parameters were simulated by the WRF model using both single and nesteddomains. The experiments found that the combination of the YSU-MM5 scheme and the Noah land surface model predicted theWRF simulated variables very well. The study also found that the CI exists between the slight heat stress to extreme heat stress andthe maximum PET values were found to be 47.6 ºC and 48.5 ºC for Rajshahi and Khulna event respectively.

Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 70-78, 2022 (January)
Monkeypox- A New Threat for the Globe!
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: July 2022

Abstract not available
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 104-105
Immunophenotypic Characterisation Along with Aberrant Expression of CD markers in Morphologically Diagnosed Cases of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Haque Salina , Chowdhury Zulfia Zinat , Bahar Tamanna , Reshma Samira Taufique , Islam AKM Mynul , Ali Mohammad , Ferdouse Jannatul , Rahman Md Mahbubur
Published: July 2022

Immunophenotyping of leukemia cells is useful for detecting leukemia cell line, determining maturation stage and identifying aberrant antigens which act for individual treatment monitoring and detection of residual disease. A total of 104 newly diagnosed cases of acute myeloid leukemia were identified at hematology department in National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021.We detect Immunophenotypic pattern in newly diagnosed cases of acute myeloid leukemia. We also determine the frequency and pattern of aberrant expression of CD markers in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Mean age of patients was 35 years (SD±16 years) with male to female ratio was 1.53:1. Most frequent morphologic subtype was AMLM2 constituting 33.6% of all AML cases. Lineage specific markers HLADR, CD13, CD33, MPO, CD117 and CD34 were expressed in 80%, 89%, 95%, 77%, 74% and 62% cases of all AML cases respectively. Among 104 AML patient, aberrant CD expression was observed in 36% cases. The most frequently observed aberrant markers were CD7 and CD19 lymphoid markers, that were expressed in 15.38% and 14.42% cases respectively. Less frequent aberrant cCD3, CD10, CD5 and cCD79a antigens were expressed in 2.88%, 1.92%, 0.96% and 0.96% cases respectively. Immunophenotyping is essential in diagnosis and sub-classification of AML and expression of aberrant CD antigens is common in acute myeloid leukemia. These findings suggest the necessity for a more extensive study to evaluate the prognostic significance of aberrant CD marker expression in AML and to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and classification of AML.
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 106-111
Serial CRP (C-reactive protein) Monitoring in COVID-19 Pneumonia for the Assessment of Severity, Ventilatory Support Requirement and Predicting Early Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Patil Shital , Gondhali Gajanan , Acharya Abhijit
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Robust data of CRP is available in bacterial infection, and now it can be utilized in Covid- 19 pneumonia pandemic initial assessment of severity and planning of treatment.
Materials and Methods: Multicentric, prospective, observational and interventional study conducted during July 2020 to May 2021 included 1000 Covid-19 cases confirmed with RT PCR. All cases were assessed with lung involvement documented and categorized on HRCT thorax, oxygen saturation, inflammatory marker as CRP at entry point and follow up. Age, gender, Comorbidity and use BIPAP/NIV and outcome as with or without lung fibrosis as per CT severity were key observations. Statistical analysis is done by using Chi square test.
Observations and analysis: Age (<50 and >50 years) and gender (male versus female) has significant association with CRP in predicting severity [p<0.00001] & [p<0.010] respectively. CT severity score at entry point with CRP level has significant correlation [p<0.00001] CRP level has significant association with duration of illness (Doi) [p<0.00001] Comorbidities has significant association with CRP level. [p<0.00001] CRP level has significant association with oxygen saturation [p<0.00001] BIPAP/NIV requirement during hospitalization has significant association with CRP level. [p<0.00001] Timing of BIPAP/NIV requirement has significant association with CRP level. [p<0.00001] Follow-up CRP titer during hospitalization as compared to entry point normal and abnormal CRP has significant association in post-covid lung fibrosis [p<0.00001]
Conclusion: CRP is easily available and universally acceptable inflammatory marker in Covid-19 pandemic and ‘serial titer’ documented very crucial role in predicting severity of illness, need of ventilatory support and help in predicting post-covid lung fibrosis.
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 112-120
Status of Vitamin D among Patients Admitted with Acute Exacerbation of COPD in Cox’s Bazar Medical College Hospital
Authors: Khatun Ummay Fatema , Zerin Ayesha , Barua Uttam Kumar
Published: July 2022

Background: Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are common and strongly affect disease severity and relative healthcare costs. Vitamin D deficiency is frequent among COPD patients and its role in disease exacerbations is widely debated.
Method: This study was carried out in the medicine department of Cox’s Bazar medical college. A total of 50 patients admitted with AECOPD were selected consecutively who had given consent and agreed to carry out 25 (OH) D level assays during the period from January 2021 to December 2021. Inclusion criteria were patients with confirmed cases of COPD. At the enrolment visit, patients were subjected to full clinical history and examination, and pulmonary function testing. Vitamin D [25 hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH) D] assay was done by Automated Immunoassay Analyzer Model “MINI-VIDAS” using Biomerieux reagent in ELFA (Enzyme linked fluorescence assay) Technology. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH) D <=20ng/ml, Vitamin D insufficiency was recognized as 21-29 ng/ml and Vitamin D level >30 ng/ ml was recognized as sufficient.
Results: Among 50 patients 38 were males and 12 were females. The mean age of patients in this study was 72.2±13.8 years. The mean 25(OH) D level was 22.026±6.0519 ng/ml (95%CI 8.1-40.2). The mean level of vitamin D in males was (22.06±6.08 ng/ml) and in females (21.93±6.24ng/ml) (P= 0.948). Associated comorbidities are present in 54% of patients, among which Hypertension (HTN) contributes in 26%, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in 18%, coronary artery disease (CAD) in 8%, and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in 2%. The majority of the participants were former smokers (60%), and the mean pack-year of smoking was 22.09±6.14. In this study, vitamin D levels did not differ among various smoking groups. It was 21.9±8.1 ng/ml in non-smokers, 21.4±5.1 ng/ml in current smokers, and 22.3±6.1 ng/ml in ex-smokers groups (P= 0.904). 56% of the patients belong to low socioeconomic conditions in this study, and 42% were from lower-middle-class families. Most of the patients (86%) were from rural areas, followed by 10% from urban areas and 2% from slum areas. Regarding vocational status, 70% were retired, 10% were housemakers, farmers 6%, and the rest were service holders or business people with mean vitamin D levels of 22.2±5.9 ng/ml, 20.1±8.6 ng/ml, 24.3±2.8 ng/ml and 21.4±6.5 ng/ml respectively. The majority (44%) of patients had mMRC Grade -2 dyspnea, followed by 40% in Grade- 1, 10% in Grade-3, and only 6% of patients had Grade- 4 dyspnea. In the study, only 12% of the patients had sufficient levels of serum vitamin D. The majority had an insufficient level of serum vitamin D (52%) and 36% had a deficient level of serum vitamin D.
Conclusion: This study finds a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (88%) in AECOPD patients. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are more prevalent in females. In this study, vitamin D levels did not differ between smoking groups.
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 121-125
Histopathological Patterns of Lung Cancer along with Clinico-Radiological Correlation in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Chakrabortty Rajashish , Siddiqua Dibanur Rashid , Paul Susanta Kumar , Rahman Samia , Biswas Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2022

Background: Lung cancer is the most common fatal neoplastic disease and the leading cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide. In Bangladesh, lung cancer has been on the rise, possibly due to an increase in smoking and air pollution. So, it is essential to understand the natural history of this disease. Aim: This study aimed to find out the correlation between Clinico-radiological profiles with histopathological patterns of lung cancer in Bangladesh.
Material and Methods: A total of 100 confirmed cases of lung cancer were included in this crosssectional observational study between January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. The complete sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status, previous history of COPD, details of radiological imaging findings, pathological characteristics of the tumor, and the performance status of patients were recorded in this study. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: A total of 100 (86 male, and 14 female) confirmed lung cancer patients were included in our study with a mean ± SD age of 59.57±10.41 years. Cough (87%), breathlessness (61%), and chest pain (58%) were the most common symptom and mass lesions (83%) followed by collapse (8%) was the most common radiological presentation. Among the histopathological types adenocarcinoma (48%) was the most common type followed by squamous cell carcinoma (35%). Correlation showed that mass lesion was the most common radiological finding in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. ECOG performance status 2, and status 3 were about 36% and 35% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows male gender with COPD independently had a 1.681-fold risk of developing lung cancer.
Conclusion: The Clinico-histopathological pattern of lung cancer has changed recently. The incidence of adenocarcinoma is increasing, and becoming the most common cause in both smokers and non-smokers.
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 126-131
Frequency of Osteoporosis in Post-Menopausal Diabetic Women attending Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Gomes Lilian Catherene , Islam Md Khairul , Hossain Mohammad Murad , Salek Abul Khair Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a silent disaster among postmenopausal women worldwide and carries the highest contribution to morbidity and mortality, especially with concomitant Diabetes Mellitus.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted to evaluate Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women having diabetes mellitus attending outdoor in the department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, BSMMU. The study was conducted from July 2020 to June 2021. A total of 54 patients were included in the study.
Results: Osteoporosis of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were present among 72.2% and 55.6% of respondents. Osteoporosis of at least one site was present among 83.3% of respondents. Statistically, a significant relationship was found between osteoporosis and co morbidity, BMI, age of onset of menstruation, age of onset of menopause, and duration of menopause (p=0.025, 0.01, 0.049, 0.043, and 0.032 respectively).
Conclusion: This study showed postmenopausal women are susceptible to Osteoporosis.
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 132-138
Vitamin D Level in Healthy Bangladeshi Adults- A Pilot Study
Authors: Yadav Anil , Selim Shahjada , Haq Tahniyah , Shah Anil Kumar , Morshed Md Shahed , Ghani Md Habibul , Faisal Ibrahim , Khan Murshed Ahamed , Mustari Marufa , Rajib Mostafa Hasan , Hossain Md Firoj , Hasanat MA , Fariduddin Md
Published: July 2022

Background: Vitamin D level has profound clinical implications but there is dilemma of optimal vitamin D cut-off level among Bangladeshi population as well in many parts of the world. This study aimed to determine the sufficient level of vitamin D [25 hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D] in relation to intact parathormone (iPTH) in apparently healthy adult volunteers.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 130 apparently healthy adult participants [age (years): 37.57±12.23, mean±SD; m/f: 67/63] in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Demographic profile, sunlight exposure and dietary history were taken, physical examinations were done and fasting blood was taken to measure 25(OH)D, iPTH, calcium, albumin and phosphate. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by high performance liquid chromatography whereas iPTH, serum calcium, albumin and phosphate were measured by chemiluminescent Method.
Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D of apparently healthy Bangladeshi adults was 15.44 – 18.44 ng/ml. Vitamin D level was significantly affected by age group [p=0.002], sunlight exposure time [p=0.013] and body surface area [p=0.023] along with sunscreen use [p=0.026]. Serum 25(OH)D had negative predictive association with iPTH [β=-0.220, p=0.012] and positive predictive association with daily sunlight exposure time [β=0.235, p=0.007]. Serum 25(OH)D level above 30 ng/ml was sufficient to keep maximum suppression of iPTH at 54.56 pg/ml by using the quadratic model.
Conclusion: The optimal level of 25(OH)D for apparently healthy adults in Bangladesh is above 30.0 ng/ml.
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 139-145
Recent Updates on microRNA as Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Akter Kazi Mahmuda , Umar Badar Uddin , Rahman SM Niazur
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims: Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are currently done at 24 - 28 weeks of conception, missing out on the most vulnerable period of organogenesis and thus preventing clinicians from starting treatments until the late second or third trimester. MicroRNAs (miR) are small non-coding RNA molecules that could aid in detecting or predicting GDM through establishing a novel non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) tool. The objective of this study was to summarize the most recent updates on plasma microRNAs as GDM diagnostic biomarkers.
Methods: Between April and June 2021, a PubMed literature search was undertaken to review recent articles on human plasma miR associated with GDM. Animal studies and papers that are written in languages other than English were excluded. Only plasma miRNAs were used to avoid coagulation biases.
Results: A total of 31 miRNAs were found significantly upregulated in the plasma samples of patients with GDM. It was found mainly during the 2nd or 3rd trimester except for miR-223 and miR-23a that were upregulated at 9 – 11 weeks of gestation.
Conclusion: Though extensive prospective cohort studies are required, miR-223 and miR-23a should be considered the most promising to develop a successful NIPT tool because they were found to be upregulated earliest, during the first trimester.
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 146-150
A Review on The Causative Agents, Risk Factors and Management of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: South Asian Perspective
Authors: Ahmed Akash , Naboni Nahian Sanjida , Nowshen Afia , Sultana Sadia , Haque Fahim , Hossain M Mahboob
Published: July 2022

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is common hospital-acquired pneumonia in ICU patients. Patients with pneumonia after 48 hours of mechanical ventilation are VAP affected. INICC found that VAP rates between 2012 to 2017 are 14.1 per 1000 episodes. The most common pathogens include Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Developing countries seem to have a higher mortality rate compared to developed countries. Treatment protocol involves antibiotic therapy. For the early onset of VAP, cephalosporin (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone), fluoroquinolone, or piperacillin-tazobactam are found to be effective while for late-onset, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam seems to have positive Results. Apart from antibiotics, other options like bacteriophage therapy can offer a good alternative to fight the rapid emergence of MDR pathogens.
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 151-161
A Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Severe Jaundice
Authors: Ferdous Nira , Ghosh Jhumur , Islam Md Nazrul
Published: July 2022

Abnormal liver tests are common (60%) in some point of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) illness. In rare cases, severe cholestasis may invite diagnostic dilemma. Here we reported a 48-years-old female SLE patient with severe cholestasis (serum bilirubin 37mg/dl) and her management in a financial constrain situation.
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 162-164
Erythema Induratum of Bazin, a Rare Manifestation of Cutaneous Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Authors: Sayeed SK Jakaria Been , Hossain Md Alamgir , Moniruzzaman Md , Malik Ali Shahzad , Rahman Sabrina
Published: July 2022

Background: Erythema induratum of Bazin is a rare manifestation of cutaneous tuberculosis. It may mimic some systemic disorders like sarcoidosis, poly arteritis nodosa, lymphoproliferative disorder, Histoplasmosis, and lupus profundus.
Case Presentation: A 38-year young female, diabetic, and hypertensive presented with multiple painful skin lesion over anterior part of her leg for 3 months. These skin lesion used to appear as painful erythematous nodules of variable size and shape over the anterior and lateral aspects of both legs that became ulcerate, healed with hyperpigmentation. On examinations, all of her systemic examinations revealed unremarkable except skin lesion. Punch biopsy from skin lesion revealed lobular panniculitis with granuloma suggestive of erythema induratum and MTB gene Xpert from skin lesion found positive. Thereafter, she was put on anti TB therapy six-month regimens according to the national TB guideline, Bangladesh. After 2 and half months of treatment, her skin lesion disappeared.
Conclusion: In a TB prevalent country, erythema induratum should be kept in differential diagnosis along with others. As it is usually underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed because of the absence of typical clinical features of TB, therefore comprehensive investigations like skin biopsy with histopathology, detecting DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR, positive Mantoux test are the cornerstone for confirmatory diagnosis.
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 165-168
Ischemic Stroke in a patient with Essential Thrombocythemia: Case Report
Authors: Moniruzzaman Md , Chandra Subir , Sayeed SK Jakaria Been
Published: July 2022

Essential thrombocythemia represents a rare risk factor for ischemic stroke. Uncontrolled proliferation of megakaryocytes sustained increases circulating platelet count and thrombotic risk. Many patients suffering from the disease may have no symptoms for a long time. We present a case of 60 year old lady with ischemic stroke who was a known case of essential thrombocythemia. And the cerebrovascular event was the complication of essential thrombocythemia as she quit treatment.
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 169-172
Diagnosis of a Rare Tumor “Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone”
Authors: Islam Md Jubaidul , Sultana Tasnia , Mahmuda Farzana , Ahmed Jamal Uddin
Published: July 2022

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB, also called osseous plasmacytoma) is a localized tumor in the bone comprised of a single clone of plasma cells in the absence of other features of MM (Multiple Myeloma). Most patients present with skeletal pain or a pathologic fracture of the affected bone. Patients with vertebral involvement may have severe back pain or neurologic compromise (e.g. cord compression).
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 173-175
Cullen’s Sign in Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Hajri Mohamed , Ferjaoui Wael , Omrani Sahir , Bayar Rached
Published: July 2022

Abstract not available
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 176
Occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae in medicinal plants sold in local markets of Savar, Dhaka
Authors: Doula SM Rokon Ud , Afrin Nazia , Shilpi Rasheda Yasmin
Published: July 2022

Medicinal plants can be contaminated with a large diversity of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Ten medicinal plant samples Plantago psyllium, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, Phyllanthus emblica, Ocimum basilicum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Withania somnifera, Andrographis panicula, Bombax ceiba were collected from Amin Bazar and Savar of Savar area to study the presence and abundance of Enterobacteriaceae family bacteria in the herbal plant samples. A total of fifty five (55) bacterial isolates have been isolated from different medicinal plant samples using spread plate method on nutrient Agar media. Culture of bacterial isolate on a number of selective and differential media and biochemical tests (Catalase activity, hemolytic property, fermentation test, Starch hydrolysis, VP test, MR test, MIU test, Indole and casein test etc.) revealed the presence of different Enterobacteriaceae family bacteria in the plant samples. Out of 55 isolates 6 isolates were Salmonella sp. (11%), 2 isolates were Klebsiella sp. (3.63%) and 2 isolates were Enterobacter sp. (3.63%). Antibiotic sensitivity test of bacterial isolates showed that all the identified Enterobacteriaceae family bacteria were sensitive to Kanamycin but resistant to Amoxycilin, Aztreonam and Penicillin-G. Therefore, this study highlighted the necessity for constant quality assessment of herbal medicines to facilitate and ensure safe production and supply of medicinal products suitable for human consumption.

Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 10(1 & 2): 1-8, 2021 (June & December)
Quality assessment of ciprofloxacin tablets - an antimicrobial drug marketed in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Taslima , Uddin Mohammed Monir , Rahman Md Ataur , Islam Md Saiful , Rafiquzzaman Md
Published: July 2022

Ciprofloxacin is a syntheticfluroquinolone derivative. It is prescribed as a potent antibiotic to treat bacterial infections. An attempt was made to assess the quality of six brands of ciprofloxacin tablets marketed in Bangladesh. Various physicochemical tests, viz., weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution and assay for the content of the active ingredient, were performed in accordance with the methods described in the United States Pharmacopoeia 38 (USP 38). UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique was used for dissolution test while High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to estimate the potency. All the samples passed the physical tests carried out except one sample (code 004), which failed the friability test.Dissolution profile of each brand was satisfactory. All the brands of examined for the content of the active ingredient complied with the limit stipulated in USP 38 for ciprofloxacin except two brands (003 and 004) which showed slightly higher potency of the drug.

Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 10(1 & 2): 9-17, 2021 (June & December)
Population, habitat use pattern and feeding behaviour of Irrawaddy squirrel (Callosciurus pygerythrus Geoffroy, 1831) in Jahangirnagar University campus
Authors: Samsad Jenia , Khan M Monirul H
Published: July 2022

The study was conducted to know the population, habitat use pattern and feeding behaviour of Irrawaddy Squirrel (Callosciurus pygerythrus) in Jahangirnagar University Campus from October 2016 to September 2017. The population density had slightly varied in different months; it was the highest in May (997.58/km2) and the lowest in January (612.98/km2). The mean population density was 841.34/km2 (SD= 135.98). The visibility was the highest at 0900h (15.71%) and the lowest at 1100h (7.07%). The monthly variation was the highest in May (9.88%) and the lowest in January (6.07%), which was probably due to the change of temperature. In total 15 plant species were preferably occupied by the squirrels in Jahangirnagar University Campus. The most preferable tree species was Koroi (Albizia procera) and the frequency was the highest for it as 16.71% of the total sightings of squirrel were in and around Koroi tree. The middle canopy was mostly used (48%) by Irrawaddy Squirrel, followed by lower canopy (29%), upper canopy (10%) and ground (13%). In case of diurnal variation in feeding the highest rate of feeding was recorded in afternoon (at 1700h, 18.46%) and morning (at 0800h, 17.06%). Maximum time spent in feeding was in May 2017(17.40%) and minimum in January 2017 (2.52%). The major items of their diet included fruits and seeds for which they spent 39.4% and 25.4% time, respectively. According to the study, squirrels of Jahangirnagar University Campus were not distributed uniformly, but concentrated in some areas due to vegetation type, food availability and human presence. The study also revealed that the squirrels of Jahangirnagar University campus showed variation in their food choice, feeding behavior and habitat preference.
Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 10(1 & 2): 19-29, 2021 (June & December)
Cultural conditions for mycelial growth and molecular identification of Mucor circinelloides based on ITS sequence
Authors: Mahmuda Nasrin , Afroj Sadia , Bhowmik Durga Dus , Alam Nuhu
Published: July 2022

Mucor circinelloides were isolated from post harvest infected papaya, which was collected from Savar region. M. circinelloides was identified by morphology and biology of fungus based on colony features, fungal mycelium, sporangia and sporagiospores as well as molecular approach. Mycelial colonies are floccose, pale greyish-brown. Sporangiophores were transparent, long, erect and shorter branches, 4.5-7 x 3.5-5 μm in size. Sporangia are hyaline, spherical, ranged from 20-80 μm in diameter. Columellae were hyaline, spherical to ellipsoidal up to 50 μm in diameter. The highest mycelial growth was recorded in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for the growth and development of M. circinelloides. Temperature 30°C was optimum. This fungus grew well in pH 7. So, tested fungi grew well in neutral condition. Complete dark condition was favourable for the vegetative growth of the fungus. The molecular phylogeny in morphologically identified post-harvest pathogenic fungi of papaya such as M. circinelloides were studied based on their ITS. The sequences of ITS region of M. circinelloides revealed that the total length was 620 bp and sequence analysis suggested that 5.8S of rDNA sequences were identical.

Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 10(1 & 2): 31-38, 2021 (June & December)
Morphological and molecular characterization of Aspergillus elegans from small indigenous dry fish ‘Jat Puti’ Puntius sophore (Hamilton 1822) in Bangladesh
Authors: Chanda Ismath Jahan , Ara Ismot , Sultana Roksana , Alam Nuhu
Published: July 2022

Small indigenous species (SIS) of fishes are available source of animal protein, vitamin and minerals, not commonly available in other foods in Bangladesh. These fishes are eaten both in fresh and dried condition. Puntious sophore was collected from different regions of Baikka Beel at Sreemangal Upazila, Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh to investigate mycoflora association with dried condition. Fungus was isolated from dried fish using tissue planting methods for classical and molecular characterization. Aspergillus elegans was identified through classical taxonomy and molecular approach based on ITS region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of fungi. For analyzing ITS4 and ITS5 were used. Mycelium of the identified fungus septated, hyaline, abundant and branched. Long, straight or flexous conidiophore were present. The molecular phylogeny in morphologically identified dry fish fungi of P. sophore such as A. elegans was studied based on their internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The sequences of ITS 600 bp region of A. elegans had 5.8S of rDNA sequences were identical. The highest mycelial growth was recorded in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for the growth and development of A. elegans. Temperature 30°C was optimum, this fungus grew well in pH 7. So, tested fungi grew well in neutral condition.

Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 10(1 & 2): 39-47, 2021 (June & December)
Breeding ecology of the Asian pied starling (Gracupica contra) at Jahangirnagar University campus, Bangladesh
Authors: Shoma Shamia Farhana
Published: July 2022

The breeding ecology of the Asian pied starling (Gracupica contra) was studied between 2015 and 2016 at Jahangirnagar University (JU) campus to document the breeding period, nests and nest-site selection, clutch size, egg morphology, hatching and breeding success. Breeding activities of starling in JU campus started in late February and continued to early September. A total of 105 nests were recorded in two breeding seasons. The nests were loosely constructed out of straw into the shape of a dome with an entrance on the side. The average nest depth was 18±4.5 cm (n=21, range =12-29 cm) with a mean entrance diameter of 7.6±1.3 cm (n=21, range= 6-10 cm). Most of the nests (98%) were found in trees (98%), only 2% of them were found on the electric poles (2%). Overall, 17 tree species were utilized by the starlings for nesting and majority of the nests were found in Albizia procera (n=25), Gmelina arborea (n=17), and Swietenia mahagoni (n=13). The Asian pied starling nested between 3 and 18 meters (mean =10.3±3.5m) above the ground. Clutch size varied from 2 to 6 eggs with a mean size of 3.8±1.2 (n=21). Eggs were glossy blue with an average dimension of 26.6±1.6 mm×19.3±0.33 mm (n=35). Both sexes took part in incubation by rotation and fed the young. The average incubation and nestling period were 17.3±3.6 days (n=19, range=14-30) and 23±1.5 days (n=16, range=20-25), respectively. Out of the 80 eggs monitored, 63 eggs successfully hatched and 52 chicks reached their fledgeling stage, resulting in a breeding success of 65%.

Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 10(1 & 2): 49-57, 2021 (June & December)