bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Implications of Phase Separation in Cancer
Authors: Ren Jiang , Zhang Zhenyu , Zong Zhi , Zhang Long , Zhou Fangfang
Published: September 2022

In eukaryotic cells, biological activities are executed in distinct cellular compartments or organelles. Canonical organelles with membrane‐bound structures are well understood. Cells also inherently contain versatile membrane‐less organelles (MLOs) that feature liquid or gel‐like bodies. A biophysical process termed liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) elucidates how MLOs form through dynamic biomolecule assembly. LLPS‐related molecules often have multivalency, which is essential for low‐affinity inter‐ or intra‐molecule interactions to trigger phase separation. Accumulating evidence shows that LLPS concentrates and organizes desired molecules or segregates unneeded molecules in cells. Thus, MLOs have tunable functional specificity in response to environmental stimuli and metabolic processes. Aberrant LLPS is widely associated with several hallmarks of cancer, including sustained proliferative signaling, growth suppressor evasion, cell death resistance, telomere maintenance, DNA damage repair, etc. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of LLPS provide new insights into cancer therapeutics. Here, the current understanding of the emerging concepts of LLPS and its involvement in cancer are comprehensively reviewed.
Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware Designs, and Applications
Authors: Saifullah Yasir , He Yejun , Boag Amir , Yang Guo‐Min , Xu Feng
Published: September 2022

Intelligent metasurfaces have gained significant importance in recent years due to their ability to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. Their multifunctional characteristics, realized by incorporating active elements into the metasurface designs, have huge potential in numerous novel devices and exciting applications. In this article, recent progress in the field of intelligent metasurfaces are reviewed, focusing particularly on tuning mechanisms, hardware designs, and applications. Reconfigurable and programmable metasurfaces, classified as space gradient, time modulated, and space–time modulated metasurfaces, are discussed. Then, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) that can alter their wireless environments, and are considered as a promising technology for sixth‐generation communication networks, are explored. Next, the recent progress made in simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR‐RISs) that can achieve full‐space EM wave control are summarized. Finally, the perspective on the challenges and future directions of intelligent metasurfaces are presented.
GABRG1 variant as a potential novel cause of epileptic encephalopathy, hypotonia, and global developmental delay
Authors: Williams Aaron , Cooney Erin , Segal Gabrielle , Narayanan Swetha , Morand Megan , Agadi Satish
Published: September 2022

Epileptic encephalopathies (EEs) are severe brain disorders with excessive ictal (seizure) and interictal (electrographic epileptiform discharges) activity in developing brain which may result in progressive cognitive and neuropsychological deterioration. In contrast to regular epilepsy where the treatment goal is to prevent the seizure (ictal) recurrence, in patients with EE the goal is to treat both ictal as well as interictal activity to prevent further progression. With the introduction of genetic sequencing technologies over the past 20 years, there is growing recognition of the genetic basis of EE, with the majority due to monogenic causes. Monogenic etiologies of EE include pathogenic variants in the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA‐A) encoding gene family. We present a 2‐year‐old patient with EE, hypotonia, and global developmental delays. Clinical trio exome sequencing showed a novel, de novo variant in GABRG1. GABRG1 encodes the γ1 subunit of the GABA‐A receptor. To date, there has not been an association of EE with pathogenic variants in GABRG1. This variant is predicted to be damaging to protein structure and function, and the patient's phenotype is similar to those with pathogenic variants in other members of the GABA‐A receptor encoding gene family.
Role of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Reducing Sensory Neuron Hyperexcitability and Pain Behaviors in Murine Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ai Minji , Hotham William E. , Pattison Luke A. , Ma Qingxi , Henson Frances M.D. , Smith Ewan St. John
Published: September 2022

Objective

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSC‐EVs) have been reported to alleviate pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We undertook this study to determine whether MSCs and/or MSC‐EVs reduce OA pain through influencing sensory neuron excitability in OA joints.

Methods

We induced knee OA in adult male C57BL/6J mice through destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. Mice were sorted into 4 experimental groups with 9 mice per group as follows: unoperated sham, untreated DMM, DMM plus MSC treatment, and DMM plus MSC‐EV treatment. Treated mice received either MSCs at week 14 postsurgery or MSC‐EVs at weeks 12 and 14 postsurgery. Mouse behavior was evaluated by digging and rotarod tests and the Digital Ventilated Cage system. At week 16, mouse knee joints were harvested for histology, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were isolated for electrophysiology. Furthermore, we induced hyperexcitability in DRG neurons in vitro using nerve growth factor (NGF) then treated these neurons with or without MSC‐EVs and evaluated neuron excitability.

Results

MSC‐ and MSC‐EV–treated DMM‐operated mice did not display pain‐related behavior changes (in locomotion, digging, and sleep) that occurred in untreated DMM‐operated mice. The absence of pain‐related behaviors in MSC‐ and MSC‐EV–treated mice was not the result of reduced joint damage but rather a lack of knee‐innervating sensory neuron hyperexcitability that was observed in untreated DMM‐operated mice. Furthermore, we found that NGF‐induced sensory neuron hyperexcitability is prevented by MSC‐EV treatment (P < 0.05 versus untreated NGF‐sensitized neurons when comparing action potential threshold).

Conclusion

MSCs and MSC‐EVs may reduce pain in OA by direct action on peripheral sensory neurons.
Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Radiography for the Diagnosis of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition: Performance of the Novel Definitions Developed by an International Multidisciplinary Working Group
Authors: Sirotti Silvia , Becce Fabio , Sconfienza Luca M. , Terslev Lene , Naredo Esperanza , Zufferey Pascal , Pineda Carlos , Gutierrez Marwin , Adinolfi Antonella , Serban Teodora , MacCarter Daryl , Mouterde Gael , Zanetti Anna , Scanu Anna , Möller Ingrid , Novo‐Rivas Ulrike , Largo Raquel , Sarzi‐Puttini Piercarlo , Abhishek Abhishek , Choi Hyon K. , Dalbeth Nicola , Pascart Tristan , Tedeschi Sara K. , D'Agostino Maria‐Antonietta , Iagnocco Annamaria , Keen Helen I. , Scirè Carlo A. , Filippou Georgios
Published: September 2022

Objective

To assess the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of new radiographic imaging definitions developed by an international multidisciplinary working group for identification of calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD).

Methods

Patients with knee osteoarthritis scheduled for knee replacement were enrolled. Two radiologists and 2 rheumatologists twice assessed radiographic images for presence or absence of CPPD in menisci, hyaline cartilage, tendons, joint capsule, or synovial membrane, using the new definitions. In case of disagreement, a consensus decision was made and considered for the assessment of diagnostic performance. Histologic examination of postsurgical specimens under compensated polarized light microscopy was the reference standard. Prevalence‐adjusted bias‐adjusted kappa values were used to assess reliability, and diagnostic performance statistics were calculated.

Results

Sixty‐seven patients were enrolled for the reliability study. The interobserver reliability was substantial in most of the assessed structures when considering all 4 readers (κ range 0.59–0.90), substantial to almost perfect among radiologists (κ range 0.70–0.91), and moderate to almost perfect among rheumatologists (κ range 0.46–0.88). The intraobserver reliability was substantial to almost perfect for all the observers (κ range 0.70–1). Fifty‐one patients were included in the accuracy study. Radiography demonstrated an overall specificity of 92% for CPPD, but sensitivity remained low for all sites and for the overall diagnosis (54%).

Conclusion

The new radiographic definitions of CPPD are highly specific against the gold standard of histologic diagnosis. When the described radiographic findings are present, these definitions allow for a definitive diagnosis of CPPD, rather than other calcium‐containing crystal depositions; however, a negative radiographic finding does not exclude the diagnosis.
Microwave‐assisted biodiesel conversion of palm fatty acid distillate with performance tests in a single‐cylinder diesel engine
Authors: Promnonsri Enarm , Pianroj Yutthapong , Punvichai Teerasak , Karrila Seppo , Leevijit Theerayut , Sungsoontorn Sopida , Jumrat Saysunee
Published: September 2022

A batch microwave‐assisted biodiesel (MWBD) conversion system was scaled up to using two magnetrons, giving a total of 2000 W microwave (MW) power, with the magnetrons placed asymmetrically on opposite sides of the MW cavity. This system was used to produce methyl ester from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). The response surface method with a Box–Behnken experimental design was applied to find the optimal point giving the maximum percentage free fatty acid (FFA) conversion at the minimum cost (USD). At this point the molar ratio PFAD:MeOH was 1:9; the temperature was 80 °C; and time was 20 min. Regression models predicted the %FFA conversion and the cost (USD) with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.9519 and 0.8654, respectively. Simulations were conducted with the finite element method, and the temperature profiles from the simulations fitted the experimental data well. Finally, the fuel properties of the MWBD were analyzed and compared with Thai agricultural engine diesel and high‐speed diesel standards, and the standards were met. The MWBD, the liquid fuel blend (LFB with MWBD:CHSD 50:50 by volume), and a commercial high‐speed diesel (CHSD) were tested in a diesel engine over the 1.28–5.09 kW power range at a fixed 2200 rpm speed. All the fuels performed similarly and without any problems in the test runs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Did court block student's suspension?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: September 2022

While John Doe was a freshman at the University of Southern Indiana in the fall of 2020, he met Jane Doe and began to spend significant time with her.
Lenalidomide‐induced autoimmune enteropathy complicating treatment of multiple myeloma with concurrent systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Lakritz Stephanie , Forsberg Peter A. , Sherbenou Daniel W. , Mark Tomer M.
Published: September 2022

Lenalidomide is an IMiD drug which has been associated with a variety of potential immune related complications. We describe the case of a patient with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma along with a history of systemic mastocytosis who developed evidence of an autoimmune enteropathy shortly after initiating lenalidomide based therapy.
The need to perform α‐thalassemia genetic testing in Italian patients with β‐thalassemia trait: A case report
Authors: Santoro Graziano , Cro Fabiana , Poma Federica , Kullmann Cristina , Lapucci Cristina , Ferrari Maurizio
Published: September 2022

Here, we describe a case report of a Sardinian woman diagnosed as pure beta‐thalassemia carrier for her anemia who underwent to alpha‐thalassemia genetic testing that revealed she was heterozygous for both thalssemias. This allowed to reach a conclusive diagnosis useful for family counseling and for assess the reproductive risk.
Sialic Acid 4‐N‐Piperazine and Piperidine Derivatives Bind with High Affinity to the P. mirabilis Sialic Acid Sodium Solute Symporter
Authors: Bozzola Tiago , Johnsson Richard E. , Nilsson Ulf J. , Ellervik Ulf
Published: September 2022

In search for novel antibacterial compounds, bacterial sialic acid uptake inhibition represents a promising strategy. Sialic acid plays a critical role for growth and colonisation of several pathogenic bacteria, and its uptake inhibition in bacteria was recently demonstrated to be a viable strategy by targeting the SiaT sodium solute symporters from Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Here we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of potential sialic acid uptake inhibitors bearing 4‐N‐piperidine and piperazine moieties. The 4‐N‐derivatives were obtained via 4‐N‐functionalization with piperidine and piperazine nucleophiles in an efficient direct substitution of the 4‐O‐acetate of Neu5Ac. Evaluation for binding to bacterial transport proteins with nanoDSF and ITC revealed compounds possessing nanomolar affinity for the P. mirabilis SiaT symporter. Computational analyses indicate the engagement of a previously untargeted portion of the binding site.
Thalamocortical and corticothalamic connections of multiple functional domains in posterior parietal cortex of galagos
Authors: Wang Qimeng , Stepniewska Iwona , Liao Chia‐Chi , Kaas Jon H.
Published: September 2022

In prosimian galagos, the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is subdivided into a number of functional domains where long‐train intracortical microstimulation evoked different types of complex movements. Here, we placed anatomical tracers in multiple locations of PPC to reveal the origins and targets of thalamic connections of four PPC domains for different types of hindlimb, forelimb, or face movements. Thalamic connections of all four domains included nuclei of the motor thalamus, ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei, as well as parts of the sensory thalamus, the anterior pulvinar, posterior and ventral posterior superior nuclei, consistent with the sensorimotor functions of PPC domains. PPC domains also projected to the thalamic reticular nucleus in a somatotopic pattern. Quantitative differences in the distributions of labeled neurons in thalamic nuclei suggested that connectional patterns of these domains differed from each other.
The Contributions of Supramolecular Kinetics to Dynamics of Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Chen Hao , Tong Kun
Published: September 2022

Supramolecular polymers exhibit well‐controlled dynamics with fascinating capacity for remodeling, self‐healing, and stimuli‐responsiveness. Supramolecular kinetics of non‐covalent bonds is a dominant control handle among the relevant factors to tailor dynamics of supramolecular polymers. This Review focuses on elucidating how supramolecular kinetics dictates the polymer dynamics in supramolecular polymer systems. The ways to tailor supramolecular kinetics are firstly examined as prerequisites for structure‐activity study of supramolecular polymers. We next discuss the role of supramolecular kinetics in supramolecular polymers under different polymer architectures by the combination of both of theoretical and experimental studies. Finally, we conclude by discussing the existing challenges and opportunities in the current studies.
The High Impact of Solution Flow Rate on Optical Properties of TiO2 Thin Layers for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Doubi Youssef , Hartiti Bouchaib , Siadat Maryam , Labrim Hicham , Fadili Salah , Tahri Mounia , Thevenin Philippe
Published: September 2022

The semiconductor's realization is a very significant stage of optoelectronics devices. In this work, an elaboration of the TiO2 semiconductor is made with various solution flow rates via spray pyrolysis. The structural and optical properties of pure TiO2 are investigated with several characterization techniques which include: X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectrophotometry. The XRD of elaborated TiO2 layers exhibits nanocrystalline nature with a preferential orientation at the (101), a unique phase of anatase TiO2. The apparition of vibration modes in Raman spectra confirms the TiO2 formation with a single phase. The produced TiO2 has an optical transmission varying from 90% to 70% in the visible wavelength. The energy band gaps are 3.42, 3.32, and 3.28 eV for the TiO2 elaborated at 1, 1.5, and 2 mL min−1, respectively which prove the semiconducting properties of TiO2. All other optical parameters such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), and dielectric constant (εr, εi) vary with the variation of solution flow rate. These investigations discover that the properties of TiO2 layers can be adjusted by solution flow rate. It seems that the process of spray pyrolysis provides a facile way to control the quality of TiO2 thin layers.
Effect of adipose‐derived exosome and exosomal miRNA on glycolipid metabolism
Authors: Xie Dadi , Li Jing , Jiang Pei , Xue Xianzhong , Wu Linlin
Published: September 2022

Glucose and lipids are important nutrients because they provide enough energy for cell activity. However, the human body takes in too much glucose and lipids, will cause obesity, diabetes and some other metabolism diseases. Adipose tissue exerts crucial roles in regulating whole‐body energy metabolic through its storage and secretion function. Exosomes are a family of extracellular vesicles released by all cell types that aid in cell‐to‐cell signal transmission, resulting in alteration of target cell phenotype and activity, particularly, under pathological conditions. Exosomes deliver information between cells by carrying certain cargos, such as, RNA, microRNA (miRNA), lipids and protein. In particular, the adipose tissue‐derived miRNAs play an essential role in glycolipid metabolism. MiRNAs are intricately related to obesity, diabetes and other obesity‐related metabolic diseases. Different miRNAs exhibit differential expression across disease states, and particular exosomal miRNAs can act as informative biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Hence, here, we present an updated extensive review of the significance of adipose‐derived exosome and exosomal miRNA in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
Micro injection of botulinum and its effects on the skin
Authors: Gonzalez Lopez Adrianna , Kalen Jessica , Nussbaum Dillon , Sherber Noëlle
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Microbotox generally refers to the injection of small aliquots of dilute botulinumtoxinA into the dermis or the junction of the dermis and underlying musculature. This novel procedure has been popularized as a treatment to improve skin quality.

Objectives

The purpose of this literature review is to further the understanding of techniques and to evaluate the published outcomes in microbotox treatment.

Methods

We conducted a keyword search in Pubmed, Google Scholar, and the university library database, yielding 363 publications. We extensively reviewed those articles which met eligibility criteria to include evaluate microbotox and its effects on skin quality.

Results

While treatment parameters vary across the peer‐reviewed literature, microbotox appears to be a safe and effective treatment for improving skin quality. Benefits cited range from improving skin texture, achieving facial lifting, softening rhytids, reducing oiliness and pore size, increasing hydration, and ameliorating erythema and flushing.

Conclusion

Microbotox has the unique potential benefit of improving all three key determinants of skin quality: visual, mechanical, and topographical. Further research would validate and quantify its beneficial effects in the skin.
Why policy coherence in the European Union matters for global sustainability
Authors: Ahlström Hanna , Sjåfjell Beate
Published: September 2022

The global economy is producing unequal economic exchanges between countries, including illegitimate transfer of wealth from low‐income countries, which ultimately undermine efforts towards securing robust social welfare systems. This puts policies on trade and finance, corporate governance and circular economy at the centre of the global development puzzle. Policy coherence for development must be understood in the context of the tension between the overarching societal goal of achieving sustainability and the functioning of the global economy. In this article, we focus on the political and legal challenges this puzzle presents, using the case of European Union policies on business, finance and circular economy, which have global impacts. We see these as core areas of law and policy where advances are made but which need to be better positioned within an overarching aim of sustainability.
Dinuclear Copper(I) Complexes Supported by Bis‐Tridentate N‐Donor‐Ligands: Turning‐On Tyrosinase Activity
Authors: Schneider Rebecca , Engesser Tobias A. , Hamann Jessica N. , Näther Christian , Tuczek Felix
Published: September 2022

Four structurally related bis‐tridentate N‐donor ligands with either two secondary amine or two imine functions were synthesized, and the corresponding dicopper(I) complexes were investigated as catalysts for the tyrosinase‐like conversion of 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol (DTBP‐H) to 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylquinone (DTBQ). Notably, the imine systems show evidence for both a μ‐η2 : η2‐peroxo‐dicopper(II) species and catalytic conversion of DTBP‐H to DTBQ. Moreover, kinetic studies indicate that a dinuclear copper‐oxygen species is involved in the monooxygenation of DTBP‐H. In contrast, the amine systems do not show monooxygenase activity. Comparison of the experimentally determined catalytic activities with DFT‐optimized geometries of μ‐η2 : η2‐peroxo‐dicopper(II) intermediates suggests that the ligand rigidity of the imine systems allows equatorial attack of the substrate and, thus, subsequent monooxygenation whereas this is not possible in the amine systems due to the fact that no free equatorial positions are available in the μ‐peroxo intermediate.
Supporting men or male privilege? Women's progressive and reactionary collective action for men
Authors: Mikołajczak Gosia , Becker Julia C.
Published: September 2022

Collective action for other groups, such as men's action for women, has usually been analysed as social protest advancing equality of disadvantaged groups. In the current research we extend collective action literature by applying SIMCA predictors—identity, injustice, efficacy—to investigate action in support of an advantaged group (women's action for men) and by distinguishing its progressive and reactionary forms. Across three online samples of women (Study 1: N = 1825 US; Study 2: N = 679 UK; Study 3: N = 429 US), we show that support for reactionary action reinforcing male privilege is associated with outgroup identification and outgroup injustice. Conversely, progressive action supporting men in adopting egalitarian gender roles is associated with outgroup identification, outgroup‐focused efficacy, and ingroup injustice. Importantly, some of these associations depend on the content of outgroup‐focused variables. We discuss the implications of our findings for collective action and gender research.
Leveraging machine learning to analyze sentiment from COVID‐19 tweets: A global perspective
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubar , Khan Nafiz Imtiaz , Sarker Iqbal H. , Ahmed Mohiuddin , Islam Muhammad Nazrul
Published: September 2022

Since the advent of the worldwide COVID‐19 pandemic, analyzing public sentiment has become one of the major concerns for policy and decision‐makers. While the priority is to curb the spread of the virus, mass population (user) sentiment analysis is equally important. Though sentiment analysis using different state‐of‐the‐art technologies has been focused on during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the reasons behind the variations in public sentiment are yet to be explored. Moreover, how user sentiment varies due to the COVID‐19 pandemic from a cross‐country perspective has been less focused on. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: to identify the most effective machine learning (ML) technique for classifying public sentiments, to analyze the variations of public sentiment across the globe, and to find the critical contributing factors to sentiment variations. To attain the objectives, 12,000 tweets, 3000 each from the USA, UK, and Bangladesh, were rigorously annotated by three independent reviewers. Based on the labeled tweets, four different boosting ML models, namely, CatBoost, gradient boost, AdaBoost, and XGBoost, are investigated. Next, the top performed ML model predicted sentiment of 300,000 data (100,000 from each country). The public perceptions have been analyzed based on the labeled data. As an outcome, the CatBoost model showed the highest (85.8%) F1‐score, followed by gradient boost (84.3%), AdaBoost (78.9%), and XGBoost (83.1%). Second, it was revealed that during the time of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the sentiments of the people of the three countries mainly were negative, followed by positive and neutral. Finally, this study identified a few critical concerns that impact primarily varying public sentiment around the globe: lockdown, quarantine, hospital, mask, vaccine, and the like.
Parametric experimental investigation of unbonded post‐tensioned reinforced concrete bridge piers under cyclic loading
Authors: Shen Yu , Freddi Fabio , Li Yongxing , Li Jianzhong
Published: September 2022

The present paper investigates the cyclic performance of unbonded post‐tensioned reinforced concrete (PRC) rocking piers by a parametric experimental campaign. PRC rocking specimens are assembled by hybrid connections, containing an ungrouted post‐tensioned (PT) bar and grouted mild steel bars, that is, energy‐dissipation (ED) components. The properties of a benchmark PRC pier were defined according to a design procedure to control its strength, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and self‐centering behavior. Five additional PRC piers with different ED bars amounts, initial PT force, and ED bars unbonded lengths were also tested to investigate the influence of these parameters on the cyclic performance. The test results show the superior cyclic performance of the PRC pier in limiting both damage and residual deformations. The parametric analysis highlighted that decreasing the initial PT force and/or ED bars amount enhances the PRC's ED capacity at the expense of the lateral force resistance and self‐centering behavior. Moreover, it has been observed that the influence of ED bars’ unbonded length only minimally affects the PRC pier's cyclic performance due to ED bars’ bond‐slip and concrete cover spalling of the pier shaft. Analytical models describing the PRC piers’ lateral force‐drift cyclic behavior were formulated and calibrated, showing a good agreement with test results for all specimens. The results and findings provide a valuable reference and solution for tailoring an efficient parameter recommendation of PRC rocking piers.
Targeted Crystallization of Rare Earth Carbonate Polymorphs at Hydrothermal Conditions via Mineral Replacement Reactions
Authors: Szucs Adrienn Maria , Maddin Melanie , Brien Daniel , Guyett Paul Christopher , Rodriguez‐Blanco Juan Diego
Published: September 2022

The interaction between rare earth element (REE)‐rich (La, Pr, Nd, Dy) aqueous solutions, dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), and aragonite (CaCO3) at low temperature hydrothermal conditions (25–220 °C) is studied. The experiments result in the solvent‐mediated surface precipitation and subsequent pseudomorphic mineral replacement of the dolomite and aragonite seeds by newly formed REE‐carbonates. The host grains are replaced from periphery inward. The newly formed REE‐bearing carbonates in La‐, Pr‐, and Nd‐doped systems follow the crystallization sequence: lanthanite [REE2(CO3)3·8H2O] → kozoite [orthorhombic REECO3(OH)] → hydroxylbastnasite [hexagonal REECO3(OH)]. The interaction of Dy‐bearing solutions with dolomite results only in the crystallization of kozoite [orthorhombic DyCO3(OH)]. However, experiments with aragonite reveal a two‐step crystallization pathway: tengerite [Dy2(CO3)3·2‐3(H2O)] → kozoite [orthorhombic DyCO3(OH)]. The temperature, the dissolution rate of the host mineral, and the ionic radii of the REE3+ in question are found to control the kinetics of the replacement reaction, the polymorph selection, and the crystallization pathways toward bastnasite. The findings allow to gain a more in‐depth understanding of the formation REE‐bearing carbonates, particularly the mineral bastnasite, which is the main source of REEs for industry. This knowledge can be used to improve REE separation, exploration, exploitation methods, as well to produce carbonate minerals with tailored structures.
The pain and depressive symptoms cascade: A bidirectional analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study 2012–2015
Authors: Gutierrez Sirena , Wong Rebeca , Milani Sadaf Arefi
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The association of pain and depression has not been evaluated in low‐ and middle‐income countries, which have a disproportionate burden of pain compared to high‐income countries.

Methods

Using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (baseline, 2012; follow‐up, 2015), we examined the bidirectional relationship between pain and depressive symptoms and identified shared predictors among community‐dwelling participants ≥60 years (n = 7237). Multivariable logistic regressions models evaluated the association between (1) baseline pain and incident elevated depressive symptoms and (2) baseline depressive symptoms and incident pain, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health‐related factors. Models included inverse probability weights and evaluated interactions by gender.

Results

Participants (55.0% women) were on average 69.1 years old. Over half reported no pain (60.7%) and low/no depressive symptoms (67.9%) in 2012, of which, 20.2% reported elevated depressive symptoms and 25.3% self‐reported pain in 2015. Baseline pain was associated with higher odds of incident elevated depressive symptoms (aOR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41–1.93). Baseline elevated depressive symptoms were associated with higher odds of developing pain (aOR 1.57; 95% CI, 1.32–1.87). Age, gender, self‐rated health, and activity of daily living limitations were shared risk factors for pain and elevated depressive symptomatology onset. Although the incidence of elevated depressive symptoms and pain was higher in women, there were no statistically significant interactions.

Conclusions

Older adults with pain or depression may be at risk for developing the other. These shared predictors could help identify patients in clinical settings, where pain and depression are often overlooked, reducing the cascading risk of this comorbidity.
Tracheostomy dependence following “organ preservation” (chemo)radiation protocol for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers
Authors: Batchelor Clare Jing Jing , Flukes Stephanie Patricia
Published: September 2022

Background

Patients receiving primary (chemo)radiotherapy for laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer risk developing severe laryngeal dysfunction and becoming tracheostomy dependent, detracting from the benefits of organ preservation. We aim to describe the airway outcomes for this cohort and identify risk factors for developing tracheostomy dependence.

Methods

Patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer who were recommended for and underwent primary (chemo)radiotherapy over a 6‐year period were identified from a tertiary hospital Head and Neck cancer database. Patient, tumor, and treatment details were collected and analyzed.

Results

Of 166 patients, 18.7% (N = 31) required tracheostomy insertion. Advanced tumor classification was the only significant predictor (p < 0.00001). Successful decannulation was observed in 12.9% (N = 4). Decannulation was observably less successful with advanced tumors, bilateral vocal cord immobility, tracheostomies inserted under emergency conditions.

Conclusion

We quantified tracheostomy insertion rates and dependence in patients undergoing “organ‐preserving” (chemo)radiotherapy, to assist in the pre‐treatment counseling of patients opting for this approach.
Impacts of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux on the radiative MHD nanofluid flow past a stretched cylinder under multiple slip conditions
Authors: Bag Raju , Kundu Prabir K.
Published: September 2022

This investigation explores the features of velocity distribution, mass and heat transmissions of nanoliquid stream over a permeable cylinder accompanied by Cattaneo–Christov heat model and thermal radiation with nonlinear sort. Multiple slip conditions have been also encountered here. A magnetic force is oriented along vertically upward. The existence of thermophoresis together with Brownian motion has been assumed here. The foremost equations and associated boundary conditions have been normalized through the similarity technique. Then we solve the system numerically along with the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta shooting scheme by using the software MAPLE‐17 and round it with our preassigned accuracy level. The obtained outcomes are epitomized by tables and graphs. All of the impacts have been compared in suction and injection correspondingly and explained with proper reasoning. In charts, the physical consignments (such as Sherwood number, Nusselt number and skin friction) reveal the transference of mass and temperature and amount of friction by nanoparticles in the nanocomposition. For suction, the nanofluidic temperature gradually diminished due to the advanced thermal relaxation, whereas the contrary fact is exhibited in injection. The relaxation parameter of concentration provides a positive influence on mass transmission. The rates of amplification of this transportation are 1.99% and 3.87%, measured in consideration of injection and suction, respectively. Thermal radiation influenced the fluid's temperature in a positive direction. It increases Nusselt number with 41.75% in suction, and 45.21% is recorded for injection.
Adherence to a risk‐adapted screening strategy for prostate cancer: First results of the PROBASE trial
Authors: Krilaviciute Agne , Albers Peter , Lakes Jale , Radtke Jan Philipp , Herkommer Kathleen , Gschwend Jürgen , Peters Inga , Kuczyk Markus , Koerber Stefan A. , Debus Jürgen , Kristiansen Glen , Schimmöller Lars , Antoch Gerald , Makowski Marcus , Wacker Frank , Schlemmer Heinz , Benner Axel , Giesel Frederik , Siener Roswitha , Arsov Christian , Hadaschik Boris , Becker Nikolaus , Kaaks Rudolf
Published: September 2022

PROBASE is a population‐based, randomized trial of 46 495 German men recruited at age 45 to compare effects of risk‐adapted prostate cancer (PCa) screening starting either immediately at age 45, or at a deferred age of 50 years. Based on prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels, men are classified into risk groups with different screening intervals: low‐risk (<1.5 ng/ml, 5‐yearly screening), intermediate‐risk (1.5‐2.99 ng/ml, 2 yearly), and high risk (>3 ng/ml, recommendation for immediate biopsy). Over the first 6 years of study participation, attendance rates to scheduled screening visits varied from 70.5% to 79.4%, depending on the study arm and risk group allocation, in addition 11.2% to 25.4% of men reported self‐initiated PSA tests outside the PROBASE protocol. 38.5% of participants had a history of digital rectal examination or PSA testing prior to recruitment to PROBASE, frequently associated with family history of PCa. These men showed higher rates (33% to 57%, depending on subgroups) of self‐initiated PSA testing in‐between PROBASE screening rounds. In the high‐risk groups (both arms), the biopsy acceptance rate was 64% overall, but was higher among men with screening PSA ≥4 ng/ml (>71%) and with PIRADS ≥3 findings upon multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) (>72%), compared with men with PSA ≥3 to 4 ng/ml (57%) or PIRADS score ≤ 2 (59%). Overall, PROBASE shows good acceptance of a risk‐adapted PCa screening strategy in Germany. Implementation of such a strategy should be accompanied by a well‐structured communication, to explain not only the benefits but also the harms of PSA screening.
Simultaneous robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy and radical cystectomy
Authors: Yajima Shugo , Nakanishi Yasukazu , Yasujima Rikuto , Hirose Kohei , Sekiya Ken , Umino Yosuke , Okubo Naoya , Kataoka Madoka , Masuda Hitoshi
Published: September 2022

Introduction

We present a case of simultaneous robot‐assisted radical nephroureterectomy (RANU) and robot‐assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer with concomitant upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.

Case presentation

A 59‐year‐old Japanese man was diagnosed with right ureteral cancer and muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. We performed RANU and RARC simultaneously; three of the ports used for RANU were diverted to RARC. Console times for RANU and RARC were 66 and 207 minutes, respectively. Total operative time was 386 minutes. The intraoperative blood loss was estimated 255 ml. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 18 without complications.

Conclusion

We reported our experience with simultaneous RANU and RARC for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer with concomitant right ureteral cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind in Japan.
Polyphyllin I improves myocardial damage in coronary artery disease via modulating lipid metabolism and myocardial apoptosis
Authors: Yang Zhao , Yang Xuming , An Mingchun
Published: September 2022

Polyphyllin I (PPI) is a famous traditional medicine ingredient, which has been explored in wide range of areas. Nevertheless, whether PPI exerts any functions in coronary artery disease (CAD) is still uncertified. Herein, we probed the effect and mechanism of PPI on lipid metabolism and myocardial dysfunction in myocardial cells and CAD rat model. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐treated H9c2 cells model was constructed for the in vitro experiments, and CAD model in vivo was established by high‐fat feeding. After management with PPI, the correlated factors of lipid metabolism and myocardial function were investigated. The apoptosis of myocardial cells was assessed by Annexin V‐FITC/PI kit and TUNEL staining. The apoptosis‐associated factors (caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl‐2) were tested by Western blot analysis. The MEK/ERK inhibitor was applied and the functions of MEK/ERK pathway in myocardial damage were investigated. H/R‐treated H9c2 cells model was constructed for the in vitro experiments, and CAD model in vivo was established by high‐fat feeding. After management with PPI, the correlated factors of lipid metabolism and myocardial function were investigated. The apoptosis of myocardial cells was assessed by Annexin V‐FITC/PI kit and TUNEL staining. The apoptosis‐associated factors (caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl‐2) were tested by Western blot analysis. The MEK/ERK inhibitor was applied and the functions of MEK/ERK pathway in myocardial damage were investigated. PPI improved lipid metabolism disorder in H/R‐induced H9c2 cells or in CAD rat model. Additionally, PPI attenuated myocardial dysfunction in CAD rats via enhancing left ventricular systolic pressure, maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax), and arterial blood flow (CF). The apoptosis of myocardial cells was lessened by PPI management, which was further verified by reducing Bax and cleaved caspase 3 expression. Furthermore, PD0325901 (MEK/ERK inhibitor) weakened the effect of PPI on myocardial dysfunction, lipid metabolism, and myocardial cell apoptosis in CAD rats. The research confirmed the protective effect of PPI on myocardial damage in CAD, which was regulated by MEK/ERK pathway.
CRISPR/Cas9‐HPV‐liposome enhances antitumor immunity and treatment of HPV infection‐associated cervical cancer
Authors: Zhen Shuai , Qiang Rong , Lu Jiaojiao , Tuo Xiaoqian , Yang Xiling , Li Xu
Published: September 2022

Increasing evidence shows that human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 deletion in cervical cancer cells may be related to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and adverse reactions or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we demonstrate that liposome delivery of CRISPR/cas9 can effectively knock out HPV, which, in turn, induces autophagy and triggers cell death‐related immune activation by releasing damage‐related molecular patterns. The results of in vivo experiments showed that HPV‐targeting guide RNA–liposomes could promote CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissues; enhance the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐12, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interferon‐γ, and reduce regulatory T cells and myeloid suppressor cells. The combination of HPV‐targeting guide RNA–liposomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiprogrammed death‐1 antibodies produced highly effective antitumor effects. In addition, combination therapy induced immune memory in the cervical cancer model.
SARS‐CoV‐2 and natural infection in animals
Authors: Qiu Xinyu , Liu Yi , Sha Ailong
Published: September 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the causative agent of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, which has caused serious challenges for public health systems worldwide. Due to the close relationship between animals and humans, confirmed transmission from humans to numerous animal species has been reported. Understanding the cross‐species transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the infection and transmission dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 in different animals is crucial to control COVID‐19 and protect animal health. In this review, the possible animal origins of SARS‐CoV‐2 and animal species naturally susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are discussed. Furthermore, this review categorizes the SARS‐CoV‐2 susceptible animals by families, so as to better understand the relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 and animals.
Adaptive immune responses in patients requiring revision after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Jenkins Daniel , Phalke Swati , Bell Richard , Lessard Samantha , Gupta Sanjay , Youssef Mark , Tam Kathleen , Nocon Allina , Rivera‐Correa Juan , Wright Timothy , Sculco Thomas , Otero Miguel , Pernis Alessandra B. , Sculco Peter
Published: September 2022

Dissatisfaction occurs in nearly 20% of patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA); however, there remains only limited understanding of the biologic mechanisms that may contribute to suboptimal postoperative outcomes requiring revision surgery. Expansion of effector T and B cells, could promote an abnormal healing response via local or peripheral immune system mechanisms and contribute to inferior outcomes necessitating revision TKA. In this pilot study, we hypothesized that patients suffering from complications of arthrofibrosis or instability may exhibit differences in adaptive immune function.

Patients (n = 31) undergoing revision TKA for an indication of arthrofibrosis or instability were prospectively enrolled. Whole blood and synovial fluid (SF) from the operative knee were collected at time of surgery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum and SF were assessed for immunoglobulin levels by Luminex and antiphospholipid antibodies by enzyme‐linked immunoassay.

No significant differences were observed in peripheral blood T/B cell populations or serum immunoglobulins levels between groups. SF analysis demonstrated significant differences between the two groups, with higher levels of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) (p = 0.0184), IgG3 (p = 0.0084) and antiphosphatidyl serine IgG (p = 0.034) in arthrofibrosis relative to instability patients.

Increased levels of both IgG subclasses and antiphospholipid antibodies in the SF suggest that intra‐articular T‐B cell interactions, potentially triggered by exposure to apoptotic components generated during post‐op healing, could be functioning as a source of immune complexes that fuel fibrous tissue growth in arthrofibrotic patients.
Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with chronic intestinal failure—how are SARC‐F and the EWGSOP algorithm associated before and after a physical exercise intervention
Authors: Graungaard Signe , Geisler Lea , Andersen Jens R. , Rasmussen Henrik H. , Vinter‐Jensen Lars , Køhler Marianne , Holst Mette
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Patients with chronic intestinal failure (IF) have a low degree of physical activity, decreased muscle mass, and decreased muscle strength, leading to a high risk of sarcopenia. We aimed to test the prevalence of sarcopenia by the use of SARC‐F and EWGSOP and to investigate the association between the two at baseline and after 12 weeks of an exercise intervention.

Methods

Thirty‐one patients with chronic IF completed 12 weeks of three weekly home‐based individualized exercise sessions. Body composition was measured by bioimpedance analysis and physical function by handgrip strength (HGS) and timed up‐and‐go (TUG). Sarcopenia was assessed by SARC‐F and EWGSOP. Multiple regression analysis was used to test for the association between the two tools.

Results

The prevalence of sarcopenia measured by EWGSOP was 59%. This prevalence did not change after the intervention. At baseline, 38.8% of patients were screened as at risk for sarcopenia by SARC‐F. This decreased to 29.0% after the intervention (P < 0.001). A statistically significant increase was achieved in muscle mass (P = 0.017) and muscle mass index (P = 0.016). Furthermore, both TUG (P = 0.033) and HGS (P = 0.019) improved.

Conclusions

Sarcopenia is prevalent in patients with chronic IF. EWGSOP finds more patients to be at risk of sarcopenia than SARC‐F but was not sufficiently sensitive to measure changes induced by the physical intervention. The significant change in SARC‐F may illustrate that patients, themselves, find an improvement in self‐perceived health.
Temporal and spatial variability of suspended sediment rating curves for rivers draining into the Ethiopian Rift Valley
Authors: Tilahun Alemayehu Kasaye , Verstraeten Gert , Chen Margaret , Gulie Guchie , Belayneh Liuelsegad , Endale Tizita
Published: September 2022

Quantification of suspended sediment dynamics is a proxy for the intensity of soil erosion processes in a catchment. However, direct measurement of suspended sediments is difficult. Long‐term‐based discharge‐suspended sediment relationships often fail to provide sufficiently accurate results due to the temporal variations in sediment supply. This study evaluates temporal variations in suspended sediment‐discharge relations for six stations in two selected catchments within the Gamo Highlands in the southern Ethiopian Rift Valley. During a three‐year period (2018–2020), discharge was monitored at a 10‐min interval using a TD‐diver, while 1938 samples of suspended sediment concentration were taken at specific events. Observed suspended sediment concentration varied between 0.04 and 130 kg m−3 for discharge ranging between quasi‐zeros to 339 m3 s−1. The results show that pooled annual datasets lead to unsatisfying sediment rating curves and large errors in estimated sediment load. However, stratification of the data into three rainy season periods strongly improved the performance of the sediment rating curves. The development of a vegetative cover throughout the rainy season largely controls sediment supply from hillslopes to the river channel and hence the shape of the sediment rating curves. Furthermore, localized bank erosion and gully head dynamics also lead to important interannual changes in sediment rating curves within one river system, as well as between different rivers. Thus, attention should be given to possible errors due to high temporal and spatial variability while using discharge‐suspended sediment relations to quantify sediment load.