bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclic Fatigue Resistance and Shaping Ability of Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Instruments after Repeated Use
Authors: Kamali SG , Turkaydin D
Published: August 2023

Aims:

To evaluate the effect of multiple-use and sterilization on cyclic fatigue and shaping ability of heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments.

Methods:

A total of 120 acrylic blocks with S-shaped canals were photographed and prepared by HyFlex CM, ProTaper Next, and Twisted File. Ten new sets of each rotary instruments were used for four times. The autoclaving process was repeated after each use. Pre- and post instrumentation images were superimposed. The amount of resin removal and canal transportation by each system was measured in eleven different points. Instruments were subsequently subjected to a cyclic fatigue test in a double-curved artificial canal. The means and standard deviations of the number of cycles to failure (NCF) were calculated and statistically analyzed (P < 0.05).

Results:

No fractures occurred during the shaping of the simulated canals. The ProTaper Next removed the greatest amount of resin, whereas the Twisted File had the lowest values at all levels. Repeated clinical use and sterilization resulted in a decrease in the resin removal at most levels in Twisted File and ProTaper Next. In terms of canal transportation, an increase in a limited number of levels was detected after repeated use of all rotary files. Twisted File had the greatest cyclic fatigue resistance, followed by HyFlex CM and ProTaper Next (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The effects of repeated use and autoclaving on the cyclic fatigue resistance of HyFlex CM, ProTaper Next, and Twisted File were not significant. Canal transportation increased mostly in the apical region. The amount of resin removal decreased as the number of use increased for ProTaper Next and Twisted File instruments.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Academic Training and Psychosocial Well-Being of Undergraduate Dental Students in Nigeria
Authors: Umeizudike KA , Isiekwe IG , Akinboboye BO , Aladenika ET , Fadeju AD
Published: August 2023

Background:

Most educational institutions in Nigeria were shut down for a long while at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic as a preventive measure, and this affected dental students' academic and clinical training.

Aim:

To determine the influence of the pandemic on the academic, clinical training, and psychosocial well-being of dental students in Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:

This cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate dental students in clinical years in Nigerian dental schools. Participants received the questionnaire through an online platform, it had four sections; socio-demographics, impact on academic training, psychosocial well-being, and an open-ended segment for participants' suggestions to challenges. A mixed method was utilized to analyze the data. The statistical significance level was P < 0.05.

Results:

One hundred two dental students from nine dental schools participated, with a mean age of 25.3 ± 2.4 years. There were 56 (54.9%) males. Most students, 80 (78.4%) reported that their stay-at-home had not been rewarding academically. The majority, 90 (88.2%) were worried about contracting COVID-19 on school resumption. Participants' psychosocial well-being had significant associations with gender (P = 0.001) and self-directed learning during their stay-at-home (P = 0.001). More female students, 33 (71.7%) were severely worried compared to males 20 (35.7%). Their major suggestions were to commence online teaching and examinations (40.1%) and be provided with adequate personal protective equipment (18.6%).

Conclusion:

Most undergraduate students in Nigeria were anxious about COVID-19, and females were more affected. This negatively impacted their academic and clinical training. This underscores the importance of adequate psychological support for undergraduate dental students by school authorities.
Clinical Awareness and Knowledge of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Among a Group of Psychiatrists in Turkey – An Online Survey
Authors: Yaman Aysegul , Borman Pinar , Ozdemir Oya , Umaroglu Mumtaz Mutlu
Published: August 2023

Background:

The point-of-view and role of physiatrists are important in the clinical care of breast-cancer-related-lymphedema (BCRL) patients to set up management and rehabilitation strategies.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the awareness and knowledge of BCRL among a group of physiatrists regarding its causes, symptoms, treatment, and management in Turkey.

Subjects and Methods:

The participants were asked to answer a 10-min web survey, including 19 questions. In addition to their demographical and logistic properties, the questionnaire elicited data on the knowledge, education, and awareness of the physiatrists on the diagnosis and treatment of BCRL.

Results:

In total, 127 female and 44 male physiatrists completed the survey. Also, 71% of the participants were aged between 31 and 50 years, mostly working in metropoles and tertiary hospitals for more than 5 years. Further, 63.7% of the participants expressed that they had knowledge about BCRL; however, detailed knowledge of lymphedema treatment was low, as 67.9% of the physiatrists reported that they had no comprehensive information about complete-decongestive-therapy. Nearly half of the participants did not believe that once lymphedema has clinically manifested, a patient can eventually be treated for BCRL. Also, 87% of the participants had attended less than two educational events related to BCRL in the past 5 years. In all, 94.7% of the physicians determined a great need for education and awareness of the current literature about BCRL.

Conclusion:

The awareness and knowledge of lymphedema is moderate but detailed information, knowledge, and education about lymphedema and its treatment are low among a group of physiatrists. With the growing number of breast cancer survivors, physiatrists' awareness and education about BCRL are crucial to improve the quality of care of patients.
Effect of Different Clinical Practices on Postoperative Pain in Permanent Mandibular Molar Teeth with Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis
Authors: Akpinar KE , Kaya F
Published: August 2023

Aims:

This clinical study aimed to evaluate the effect of different clinical practices with endodontic emergency treatment on postoperative pain in mandibular permanent molar teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis.

Methods:

In the present study, root canal treatment was applied to 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Patients were randomly assigned to 5 groups (control, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID], NSAID and antihistaminic drug combination, placebo drug, and intracanal cryotherapy) using a web program. In the first visit, after preparation with the WaveOne Gold file system, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) medicament was placed on the root canals. However, after the treatment of the patients was completed, six patients patients were excluded from the study because they did not come to the control appointment 7 days later. After the removal of Ca(OH)2 medicament in the second session, the root canals were obturated according to cold lateral condensation technique and final restorations of the teeth were performed. Patients' preoperative and postoperative pain values (4–8–12–24–48 and 72 hours) determined by visual analog scale (VAS) were recorded. The data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test, Wilcoxon test, and Chi-square test.

Results:

According to the results of our study; there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, preoperative pain, and postoperative analgesic requirement (P > 0.05). In all groups, there were significant differences between the values of different times (P < 0.05). While initial pain values were higher than the hours after treatment (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference between postoperative pain values (P > 0.05). When the groups in terms of pain scales measured at different times compared with each other; in all times there was no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

It was observed that all clinical practices significantly reduced preoperative pain.
Clinical and Radiological Outcome of the Locked Plate Osteosynthesis in Distal Metadiaphyseal Tibial Fracture According to the Severity of Comminution
Authors: Ahn J , Jeong BO
Published: August 2023

Background:

The optimal treatment for distal tibial fractures remains a matter of debate. Nonetheless, plate osteosynthesis produces favorable results to intramedullary stabilization in aspects of alignment restoration.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to compare the radiologic and clinical outcomes of distal metadiaphyseal tibial fracture between a simple/wedge fracture (SWF) and a comminuted fracture (CF) using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO).

Patients and Methods:

This retrospective study analyzed patients with SWF or CF of the distal tibial metadiaphysis that was surgically treated with a locking compression plate. Postoperative radiographic assessments and the time to radiologic union were noted. Clinical assessments were evaluated using both the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle–hindfoot score and the foot function index (FFI). Postoperative complications were documented.

Results:

Seventy-one cases were analyzed over a mean follow-up period of 20.9 months. Thirty-six patients had SWF and 35 patients presented with CF. The mean time to radiologic union, amounts of postoperative coronal angulation, and incidence of malunion showed no statistical differences. Fibular fixation was more applied in the CF group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the clinical scores revealed no differences. Nonetheless, in the valgus union group, the AOFAS ankle–hindfoot score was 90.9 compared to 84.1 in the varus union group (P = 0.042) and the FFI was 9.2% compared to 20.2% in the varus union group (P = 0.017).

Conclusion:

Plate osteosynthesis for SWF or CF of the distal tibial metadiaphysis led to high union rates and good clinical outcomes. There was no significant difference in the radiologic and clinical results according to the presence of fracture comminution. Nonetheless, the valgus union group showed better clinical outcomes than the varus union group. Clinically, it would be preferred to avoid intraoperative varus reduction.
Evaluation of the Effects of Intraarticular Glucocorticoid Injections on Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetes Mellitus and Nondiabetes Mellitus Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder
Authors: Akin-Takmaz S , Babaoğlu G , Başar H , Baltacı B
Published: August 2023

Aims:

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intraarticular glucocorticoid injections on blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-DM patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder and investigate the risk factors for hyperglycemia.

Methods:

The study included 40 DM and 38 non-DM patients. The DM status, HbA1c levels, baseline fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, and post-injection 1-, 7-, 15-, and 21-day FBG levels were evaluated retrospectively.

Results:

The FBG levels were significantly higher 1 and 7 day after the glucocorticoid injection as compared with the baseline levels (P = 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). The increase was greatest in DM patients and then returned to baseline levels 15-day post-injection. In terms of the mean difference in post-injection and baseline FBG levels, the increase on day 1 was statistically significantly greater in the DM group as compared with that in the non-DM group (P = 0.01). Linear regression model showed that only the baseline FBG level predicted the glucose level 1-day post-treatment (β = 0.839, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Intraarticular glucocorticoid injections can safely be administered as a treatment for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder in patients with well-controlled DM. Baseline FBG levels may predict peak blood glucose levels in patients with well-controlled DM. We recommend that DM patients with adhesive capsulitis should undergo frequent monitoring of blood glucose in the 2 week following intraarticular glucocorticoid injection treatment.
ABO-Rh Blood Types and Clinical Consequences of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Turhan AB , Içten1 S , Ayazoglu TA , Çag Y , Ankarali H , Turhan AH
Published: August 2023

Aim and Background:

Because of there is no sufficient evidence showing a relationship between blood types and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, this study was planned to investigate the effects of ABO blood group on the clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Patients and Methods:

The data of the patients were examined retrospectively. The patients who were hospitalized in wards or intensive care unit, constituted the study group. The patients who presented to the hospital because of other causes and whose blood type examinations were performed, were included in the control group.

Results:

The study group consisted of 406 six patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Control group consisted of 38079 patients whose blood group was determined for any reason in the same period. The rate of Rh negativity was significantly higher in the patient group (p = 0,01). Hospitalization duration in intensive care was significantly longer in the blood type A and AB groups compared to the blood type O group (p = 0,03).

Conclusion:

Our results are in agreement with other studies suggesting that blood group O individuals are somewhat more resistant to clinically overt infection with SARS-CoV-2 than other blood groups. In addition, Rh negativity may also be an individual risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Normative Reference Values for the Timed Up-and-Go Test in Indian Children Aged Four to 11 Years Old and Their Correlation with Demographic Characteristics
Authors: Panchal A , Tedla JS , Ghatamaneni D , Reddy RS , Sangadala DR , Alshahrani MS
Published: August 2023

Background:

The timed up-and-go test (TUGT) is a quick, reliable, and valid assessment tool for evaluating functional mobility or dynamic balance.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to establish the normative values for TUGT in children aged 4 to 11 years old in Surat, India.

Methods:

A total of 420 children (210 boys and 210 girls) were included. Subjects were divided into seven age groups. In each age group, 60 (30 males and 30 females) subjects were included. Subjects were randomly recruited from primary schools and underwent three trials of the TUGT. Then, the mean of the three TUGT trials was calculated for each participant.

Results:

We formulated normative reference values for each of the seven age groups. The mean and standard deviation of the TUGT score across the total population was 6.00 ± 1.15 seconds. TUGT scores were compared between age groups and genders. Between boys and girls, we found no significant differences. Among the age groups, however, we found significant differences, with a P value of less than 0.001. Thus, only age showed a moderate negative correlation with TUGT score.

Conclusions:

This study provides normative reference values for the TUGT among Indian children aged four to 11 years old. We found that no differences existed between the TUGT results according to genders. Conversely, age had a moderate negative correlation: a comparison of TUGT scores among the ages revealed significant differences between the age groups.
Is it Possible to Predict the Outcome of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Hyperdense Middle Cerebral Artery Sign at the Time of First Admission?
Authors: Aykac O , Ozdemir AO , Cenikli U
Published: August 2023

Background:

The hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) on admission non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is a well-characterized phenomenon in acute ischemic stroke.

Aim:

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of HMCAS on the outcome of patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collective database included 136 consecutive patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular thrombectomy. We collected the demographics, and clinical and brain imaging as well as functional and imaging outcomes data at baseline. Patients were divided into two groups with hyperdense artery sign and those without the sign. The difference between the two groups in terms of mortality and prognosis was analyzed.

Results:

There were 136 patients, 50.7% of them were women. The mean age was 59.1 years. The subgroup with HMCAS present consisted of 93 patients. There were no differences in demographics and clinical characteristics between the two groups; however, tobacco use is more common in patients with HMCAS. No significant difference was observed in clinical outcomes and mortality between the two groups at 3 months. Patients with HMCAS had statistically more new territory emboli during the procedure (9.7%) compared to patients without HMCAS.

Conclusion:

We showed that the presence of HMCAS in initial CT was not helpful in predicting good clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular therapy patients. However, the presence of HMCAS is related to more new territory embolism during the procedure. Different endovascular strategies may be applied to these patients.
The Prognostic Value of Ischemia-Modified Albumin in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Cetin M , Oray NC , Bayram B , Calan OG
Published: August 2023

Background:

Sepsis is a significant contributor of mortality all over the world. Emergency departments have a critical role for diagnosing a suspected sepsis in a patient, since early and proper administration of antibiotics may decrease mortality significantly. But, the unavailability of an objective and reliable diagnostic test is the major challenge of this critical issue.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of a novel biomarker, the ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) in patients with sepsis and septic shock in emergency department.

Subjects and Methods:

This prospective, observational study included 81 patients with sepsis or septic shock and 75 controls. Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, site of infection, IMA levels, other biomarkers (procalcitonin, pH, lactate), mortality at 24-h and 28-day were evaluated.

Results:

The serum IMA levels in patient and control groups were 117.8 ± 85 IU/g and 115.8 ± 134.0 IU/g, respectively (P = 0.072). There was a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between IMA and lactate levels (P = 0.009). The mortality rates of patient group at 24-h and 28 days were 21% and 79%, respectively, but serum IMA levels were not found to be a prognostic marker to predict mortality.

Conclusion:

The main reason for the similarity between groups regarding IMA levels was thought to be associated with the distribution of the acute and chronic health problems other than sepsis in the control group. Emergency department physicians should not only depend on serum IMA levels for predicting the prognosis of patients with sepsis or septic shock.
Discoid Meniscus
Authors: Atik A , Avcikurt AS , Sargin S
Published: August 2023

Background:

How the meniscus adapts to the morphological changes in the lateral tibiofemoral compartment, in terms of gene expression, was the reason to establish this present study.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the changes in the mRNA levels of the apoptotic and autophagic genes in the discoid meniscus.

Subjects and Methods:

We have investigated the apoptotic and autophagic gene levels in discoid and normal lateral menisci of 21 patients (11 discoid and 10 control). The RNAs were isolated from the fresh discoid and healthy meniscal tissue. Gene expression was defined based on the threshold cycle (Ct), and Actin beta was used as a reference gene that acts as an internal reference to normalize RNA expression, which was calculated as 2−ΔΔCT.

Results:

Apoptotic and autophagic gene levels were significantly higher in the discoid meniscus group. In discoid meniscus samples, the Bcl-2 mRNA, BclXL, BAK mRNA, ATG 12, ATG 7, ATG 5, ATG 3, and Beclin1 mRNA levels were higher by 4.2, 5.9, 9.1, 8.3, 23.2, 6.1, 12.4, and 18.1 times, respectively, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The discoid meniscus etiology should be considered both in morphological and genetic modulation manners: apoptotic and autophagic genes play roles with tibiofemoral morphological differences.
Cumulative Inflammatory Burden Causing Multiple Complications after a Successful Pelvic Surgery for Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Firat A
Published: August 2023

Vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas may develop after pelvic metastasis of ovarian carcinoma. Purulent discharge from the vagina results in frequent vaginal or urinary tract infections, and triggers chronic inflammation. These incapacitating symptoms create serious medical and psychosocial problems, and result in low self-esteem and QoL. In this study, we present a metastatic ovarian cancer case admitted with bilateral nephrostomies, nonfunctioning colostomy, and high-volume recto- and vesicovaginal fistulas after debulking. She had frequent urinary tract infections and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Surgery was performed successfully. However, we had to deal with complications, such as electrolyte imbalance, wound infection and continuing SIRS. Cumulative inflammatory burden caused by advanced carcinoma itself and its complications creates serious medical and psychosocial problems and should be managed with patience.
Soft-Tissue Sarcoma of the Arm—An Oncosurgical and Reconstructive Challenge
Authors: Sepetys G , Jakutis N
Published: August 2023

Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare tumor that may occur in the upper extremity. Its presentation is delayed by slow growth and lack of symptoms. Lesions are discovered via physical and radiologic examinations, and definitive diagnosis is conducted histopathologically. We present the case of a 63-year-old man with swelling of the dorsum of the arm, nocturnal hyperhidrosis, and weight loss. Radiologic examination revealed possible malignancy and metabolically active left axillary lymph nodes. The tumor was excised, and the defect was covered using a pedicled myocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap. The distal portion of the muscle was attached to the remnant tricep brachii tendon. Postoperative histopathology revealed a highly malignant STS. The patient remained relapse-free after a regimen for adjuvant chemotherapy. Satisfactory aesthetic results and modest elbow extension were evident during the 11-month follow-up. Properly managing upper extremity STS is crucial for preventing recurrence and metastasis.
Detection of Nuclear Receptors in Gingival Samples of Diabetic and Nondiabetic Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Karatas O , Yuce H Balci , Taskan MM , Gevrek F , Yarkac F Ucan , Cacan E
Published: August 2023

Background:

Diabetes and periodontitis are two chronic inflammatory diseases sharing specific etiopathogenetic mechanisms, and both cause severe inflammation and destruction.

Aims:

The present study aimed to determine the receptor expressions of peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, retinoid X receptor (RXR)-α, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expressions in healthy gingiva and diseased gingival samples with or without diabetes.

Methods:

Forty-five participants as (1) healthy controls (C), (2) periodontitis group (P), and (3) diabetes and periodontitis group (DP) were enrolled. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment levels (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded in all participants. Two gingival biopsies from each participant were obtained, and one underwent histological tissue processing while the other underwent qRT-PCR analysis of nuclear receptors. Inflammatory and fibroblast cell counts, PPAR-γ, RXR-α, VDR, and NF-κB were evaluated.

Results:

Fibroblast cells were lowest in the DP group and highest in the healthy group. PPAR-γ, VDR, RXR, and NF-κB expressions were higher in the healthy controls in the qRT-PCR analysis and similar in the other groups. Immunohistochemistry analysis also showed similar results.

Conclusion:

qRT-PCR results concluded that healthy gingival samples had higher PPAR-γ, RXR, VDR, and NF-κB expressions, and immunohistochemistry findings supported the results. In addition, healthy gingiva contained higher fibroblast cells and lower inflammatory cells.
Profile of Insulin Resistance of Pregnant Women at Late Third Trimester in Nigeria
Authors: Chionuma JO , Akinola IJ , Dada AO , Ubuane PO , Kuku-Kuye TO , Olalere FD
Published: August 2023

Background:

Exaggerated level of insulin resistance (IR) is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Identifying affected women may forestall these outcomes. There are few reports on IR and its predictors among pregnant women in Nigeria.

Aim:

To determine the profile of IR, using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and its predictors among parturient Nigerian women in third trimester.

Patients and Methods:

A cross-sectional baseline data of healthy pregnant women in third trimester, consecutively recruited into a cohort study that evaluated IR and neonatal outcomes at a tertiary maternity. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained. Fasting venous blood was analyzed for glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR was calculated.

Results:

We consecutively recruited 401 healthy pregnant women between 28 and 41 weeks [means ± SD = 37.4 ± 0.8 weeks]; mean age 31.52 ± 4.3 years (range: 20-41 years). Median (IQR) HOMA-IR was 1.15 (0.63, 1.96; range: 0.02–11.73). Binary multivariable logistic regression showed overweight- [aOR (95% CI) = 3.29 (1.18, 9.13)], hyperglycemia- [aOR (95% CI) = 2.98 (1.19, 6.90)], and hypertension as independent predictors of IR [aOR (95% CI) = 2.85 (1.18, 6.90)].

Conclusion:

Among nondiabetic Nigerian pregnant women in late third trimester, IR was independently associated with overweight, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Control of adiposity is a potential target for control of IR and consequently its outcomes.
Skeleto-Dental Features among a Sample of Saudi Female Children Compared to North American Standards
Authors: Alshayea EI , Almoammar K , Feteih RM , Masoud IM , Albarakati SF
Published: August 2023

Objectives: This cross-sectional observational retrospective study aimed at assessing the cephalometric skeleto-dental features of class I, II, and III skeletal relationships of Saudi female school children samples and comparing the results to the established North American Caucasian cephalometric standards. Methods: The sample consisted of 205 retrospective lateral cephalometric radiographs of female school children. The age range of the subjects was between 10 and 13 years with a mean age of 11 ± 1 years. Several cephalometric and constructed points were identified. Angular, linear, and proportional measurements were obtained and analyzed. The skeleto-dental features of class II and class III were compared to class I of this sample then compared with the established North American Caucasian population. Different angular, linear, and proportional variables were investigated. Descriptive statistics and student t-test were used for data analysis. Results: The distribution of the skeletal relationship revealed that 68.3% of the sample showed class I relationship, 16.1% class II, and 15.6% class III. The result indicates significant differences between the different classes. A greater tendency towards class II facial pattern and more convex profile among Saudis were detected in the present study compared to Caucasians. Furthermore, The dentoalveolar relationship results showed more Bi-maxillary protrusion among Saudi females compared to the North American Caucasians. Conclusion: The results obtained can be of great value in distinguishing the various skeleto-dental features in the different skeletal classes among the Saudi females and in the clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Furthermore, the results of the study can also serve as a base-line for future investigations in Saudi Arabia.
Diagnostic Value of MDCT in Determining the Perinephric Fat Tissue and Renal Sinus Invasion in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Damgacı L , Özer H , Rona G
Published: August 2023

Aims:

To investigate the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings, and the effect of tumor volume in determining the perinephric and renal sinus invasion in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs).

Method:

Fifty patients with ccRCCs underwent non-contrast and nephrographic-phase contrast-enhanced MDCT examination before total nephrectomy. The following MDCT features were used to diagnose perinephric fat tissue invasion: perinephric stranding, perinephric vascularity, and irregular contour. The following MDCT features were used to diagnose renal sinus fat invasion: elongation of tumor into renal sinus, invasion, or compression of pelvicalyceal system. Histopathologic examinations were used as a gold standard.

Results:

Fourteen out of 50 ccRCCs patients (28%) had histopathological-proven perinephric fat tissue invasion. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of MDCT in the detection of perinephric fat tissue invasion were found 64%, 58%, 38%, 80%, and 60%, respectively. Seven out of 50 ccRCCs patient (14%) had histopathological-proven renal sinus invasion. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of MDCT in the detection of renal sinus invasion were found 85%, 65%, 28%, 96%, and 68%, respectively. The area under of curve (AUC) value of tumor volume in the detection of perinephric fat invasion was 0.631. The AUC value of tumor volume in the detection of renal sinus invasion was 0.803.

Conclusion:

MDCT has a good sensitivity for detection of renal sinus fat invasion, but low PPV and specificity in patients with ccRCC. Tumor volume, and invasion into the pelvicalyceal structures can aid in the diagnosis of renal sinus fat invasion preoperatively.
Mid-term Results of Two-Stage Tendon Reconstruction of Zone II Flexor Tendon Injuries
Authors: Karakaplan M , Kilinç Ö , Ceylan MF , Ertem K , Aslantürk O
Published: August 2023

Background:

Secondary repair of flexor tendon injuries remains a challenging procedure for hand surgeons. Usually, secondary reconstruction should be performed by a staged approach. Two-stage surgical reconstruction of the flexor tendons by the Hunter technique is the salvage option in case of a severely damaged fibro-osseous canal or neglected flexor tendon injury.

Aims:

We report the results of staged flexor tendon reconstruction in 10 patients (10 fingers) with neglected or failed primary repair of flexor tendon injuries in zone II.

Materials and Methods:

Between 2012-2016, patients who underwent two-stage tendon reconstruction due to flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) sectioning or tearing in zone II with destruction of flexor pulleys and extensive scarring in the flexor tendon bed were included in the study.

Results:

Ten patients included to study with a mean follow-up of 34 months (range 12–70 months) and the results were assessed by clinical examination and questionnaire. According to the Strickland score, one (20%) of the results were excellent, five (50%) were good, two (20%) were fair and two (20%) were poor. After the second stage, good to excellent results were achieved in 60% of patients, one patient needed graft tenolysis. These results were similar to the subjective scores given by the patients, four of whom complained of functional problems in daily life at follow-up. There was no complication after the first stage. But after the second stage, there was one bowstringing and one adhesion that require tenolysis.

Conclusions:

Hunter technique is still the reference procedure for the reconstruction of flexor tendons. The results of our study showed that two-stage tendon reconstruction which is applied in patients with tendon sheath disruption as a result of acute or delayed tendon injuries which are not possible for primary repair is reliable and satisfactory.
Effect of Different Polymerization Times on Color Change, Translucency Parameter, and Surface Hardness of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites
Authors: Gonder HY , Fidan M
Published: August 2023

Background:

Polymerization plays an important role in the optical and mechanical properties resin composite materials.

Aim:

The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different polymerization times on the color change, translucency parameter (TP), and surface hardness of resin composites after thermocycling.

Materials and Methods:

Microhybrid resin composite (Filtek Z250; used in the control group) and bulk-fill resin composites (Filtek One Bulk-Fill Restorative, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill, and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill) were used. Each bulk-fill composite was placed as a single layer. Polymerization of the bulk-fill composites in the first group was completed in 20 s, and that in the second group was completed in 40 s (n = 10). Filtek Z250's polymerization was completed with 2 mm (20 s) + 2 mm (20 s). The color change (ΔE
00) and translucency parameter (TP
00) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Before and after thermocycling, the TP and surface hardness values were measured. The data were analyzed using one- and two-way analysis of variance, paired-samples t-test, and Tukey's test (P < 0.05).

Results:

After thermocycling, the ΔE
00 values of the resin composite samples were 1.66–2.56. Compared to the control group, the Filtek One Bulk-Fill 20 s group exhibited the lowest color change values. The Filtek Z250 group exhibited lower TP and significantly higher microhardness values than the other bulk-fill resin groups before and after thermocycling (P < 0.05). There were no observed differences in the Tetric N-Ceram and Tetric EvoCeram groups before and after thermocycling.

Conclusion:

Under the conditions of 10,000 thermal cycles, different curing times did not affect the color change and hardness values of the bulk-fill materials. However, differences were observed among the composite materials. After thermocycling, the surface hardness and TP values decreased in all the resin composites. Depending on the material content, effective results can be obtained from the 20 s polymerization of bulk-fill resin composites.
Prevalence of Hypercementosis and Frequency of Possible Etiological Factors in a Turkish Subpopulation
Authors: Defne Yalçın Yeler , İlknur Eninanç , Melike Koraltan , Sümeyya Baybars , Fatmanur Ketenci , Yener Ünal
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and types of hypercementosis and the frequency of possible etiological factors in a large sample of Turkish central Anatolian population.

Subjects and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was performed using panoramic radiographs of 1176 randomly selected adult patients with an age range of 18–96 years, who presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University (Sivas, Turkey) for dental care. Patients were questioned about the presence of systemic diseases. Panoramic radiographs of the patients were examined for the presence and types of hypercementosis (diffuse, focal and shirt sleeve cuff) and the frequency of local factors that may be associated with hypercementosis. Chi-square and t-tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Hypercementosis was detected in 128 of 1176 patients. In total, 85.6% of the teeth with hypercementosis had a diffuse, 7.5% had a focal, and 6.8% had a shirt sleeve cuff type. Hypercementosis was observed most frequently in the mandibular (P < 0.05) and the premolar region. Gender-related differences were nonsignificant (P > 0.05). Atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and multiple diseases were reported more frequently in individuals with hypercementosed teeth (P < 0.05). While idiopathic origin (39.3%), bruxism (30%), and inflammation (24.37%) were the most prevalent local etiological factors, impacted teeth (1.25%) and history of trauma (0.62%) were less common.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of hypercementosis was 10.8% in the study population. The lesions were more common in the mandibule. Idiopathic origin was the most common factor associated with hypercementosis.
Prevalence of Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors among Market Traders in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State Nigeria
Authors: Daboer JC , Ismaila EL , Ibrahim ZS , Gomwalk JJ , Adoga EY
Published: August 2023

Background:

Noncommunicable diseases have become a new public health priority in low-and middle-income countries where urbanization and lifestyle changes have approached what obtains in developed countries.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of noncommunicable disease risk factors among market traders in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State.

Method:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among adult market traders who were selected through a two-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEP-wise tool. Anthropometric measurements were taken along with blood pressure readings. Data were analyzed using Epi Info version 3.5.4 and a value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 271 respondents were studied with a mean age of 36.2 ± 13.3 years. Prevalence of hypertension was 26.6% and diabetes mellitus 9.6%. Overweight and obesity were observed in 26.2% and 31.0% of the population, respectively while inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables was reported by 88.9% and 69.4% of respondents respectively. Current alcohol and cigarette use was 25.5% and 0.7% respectively while 245 (90.4%) respondents were sedentary. Current alcohol use, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake and obesity were associated with hypertension just as current alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle and consumption of carbonated drinks were associated with diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus and their associated risk factors was high among these market traders. Therefore, there is need for focused preventive interventions in this neglected group.
Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) in Children with Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Tedla JS , Reddy RS
Published: August 2023

Background:

Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) is a scientific evaluation measure used to assess trunk control in subjects with cerebral palsy (CP).

Aims:

The present study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of SATCo in children with spastic quadriplegic CP.

Methodology:

This was an observational study in which we validated a test instrument in 31 children (aged 1–5 years) with spastic quadriplegic CP. Children were assessed for trunk control by principal rater (R1) using SATCo. Each assessment was video recorded, scored retrospectively, and independently by principal rater (R2) and secondary rater (R3) for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, respectively. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing the SATCo scores with sitting component scores of Gross Motor Functional Measure -88.

Results:

Intra-class correlation coefficient values for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability for various components of the scale ranged from 0.82 to 0.98. The concurrent validity was calculated for various components of the scale using the Pearson correlation coefficient and they ranged from 0.72 to 0.77.

Conclusion/Recommendation:

SATCo is a reliable and valid scale that can be used for examining trunk control in children with spastic quadriplegic CP aged 1–5 years.
Evaluation of Drug-drug Interactions in Cancer Patients Treated at a University Hospital in North Cyprus Using Two Interaction Databases
Authors: Laban AA , Birand N , Chukwunyere U , Abdi A , Başgut B
Published: August 2023

Background:

Drug interactions in oncology are of clinical importance owing to the inherent use of multiple medications in cancer treatment which predisposes patients to drug-related problems.

Aim:

This study aimed to compare two electronic databases based on the frequency, mechanism and severity of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in cancer treatment at Near East University Hospital.

Method:

A retrospective observational study of hospitalized cancer patients who had received more than one chemotherapy and/or supportive-care drugs from April 2017 to April 2019. Lexi-interact tool by Lexicomp and Drugs.com databases were used to check (DDIs and all detected interactions were categorized based on the severity-level and mechanism of interaction.

Results:

A total of 681 prescriptions were evaluated and the median medication per patient was 4 (IQR 3-6). Drugs.com identified potential DDIs in 129 (84.9%) patients while Lexicomp identified potential DDIs in 113 (74.3%) patients. Drugs.com reported DDIs of 394 pairs while Lexicomp reported DDIs of 313 pairs. More than 50% of the potential DDIs were classified as pharmacodynamic interactions in both databases. There were varied reports of severity of potential DDIs, but the test of agreement using kappa index was 0.592 (95% CI: 0.502-0.682, P = 0.0001) and this was interpreted as a moderate agreement between the two databases.

Conclusion:

Lexicomp documented more detailed information relevant to clinical practice. However, Drugs.com with more sensitivity, detected more potential DDIs. Therefore, we suggest the use of at least two drug databases for quality screening, especially for patients predisposed to polypharmacy.
Effect of Ferrule Height and Distribution on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Premolars
Authors: Zahran M , Abderbwih D , Mandourah H , Afif SB , Sabbahi D , Merdad K , Sonbul H
Published: August 2023

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of varying ferrule height and distribution on the fatigue resistance and fracture strength of endodontically treated premolars.

Materials and Method:

Thirty-two extracted human premolars were endodontically treated and prepared to receive all-ceramic crowns. Teeth were randomly divided into two groups. The occluso-cervical height was reduced to 2 mm and 4 mm for the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. According to the ferrule distribution, samples in each group were randomly divided into two subgroups with inadequate ferrule on 1 or 2 proximal walls, respectively. Coronal tooth structure was built-up to 4 mm using a core build-up material retained by a fiber post. The CEREC system (Sirona) was used to design and mill lithium-disilicate crowns. All posts and crowns were cemented to their respective teeth using self-adhesive universal resin cement. All crowns were subjected to cyclic loading in a universal testing machine (Instron) (20–100N, 100,000 cycles, 20Hz). After fatigue, crowns were loaded to fracture. Fracture load data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA at α = 0.05.

Results:

All crowns passed the fatigue testing without any signs of fracture or crack. Two-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant effect of the number of missing walls (P < 0.05) on the fracture load, but not the ferrule height or the interaction terms. Samples with one missing wall showed higher fracture load in comparison to samples with two missing walls.

Conclusion:

The number of missing walls, not the ferrule height, has a significant effect on the fracture load of the lithium-disilicate crowns restoring endodontically treated premolars.
Diagnostic Value of Penile Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Patients with Veno-Occlusive Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Soylu A , Sarier M , Kutlu R
Published: August 2023

Background:

The method used in the first assessment of patients with veno-occlusive erectile dysfunction (ED) is penile color doppler ultrasonography (PCDU). However, cavernosography performed following intracavernosal pharmacostimulation is accepted as a more precise method for showing venous leakage.

Aims:

The objectives of this study were to compare results obtained from patients undergoing PCDU, and those undergoing cavernosography, and to investigate the diagnostic value of PCDU in the diagnosis.

Methods:

A total of 133 patients who presented at the urology clinic due to ED have veno-occlusive dysfunction (VOD) detected as a result of PCDU and underwent cavernosography for further assessment when scheduled for penile embolization. The results obtained were retrospectively evaluated.

Results:

The mean age of 133 patients with VOD identified as a result of PCDU was 48.7 ± 11.2 years. In cavernosography performed after PCDU, venous leakage was detected in 127 patients (95.49%), while no leakage was found in six patients (4.51%). Bilateral venous leakage was found in 91.34% (n:116), right venous leakage in 5.51% (n:7), and left venous leakage in 3.15% (n:4) of the patients with venous leakage.

Conclusion:

Evaluating the cavernosography results, PCDU alone is often sufficient to diagnose veno-occlusive ED. Cavernosography is a more invasive diagnostic method compared to PCDU that is adequate in cases where venous surgery or embolization is not considered, and cavernosography is not recommended in these patients.
Evaluation of the Causes of Failure of Root Canal Treatment among Patients in the City of Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mustafa M , Almuhaiza M , Alamri HM , Abdulwahed A , Alghomlas ZI , Alothman TA , Alhajri FF
Published: August 2023

Background:

Endodontic treatment failure is one of the most common problems encountered in dentistry.

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the causes of failure of endodontic treatment among patients in the Saudi Arabian city of Al-Kharj.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 250 patients of both genders were involved in the study. Criteria confirming the failure of the endodontic treatment were pain, tenderness on pressure, periapical radiolucency, and sinus tract. Patients were selected by convenience sampling methods. A diagnostic chart was prepared to complete the investigation in three different hospitals, during a six-month period (October 2018 - March 2019). The results were analyzed statistically using Chi-square test and use of simple arithmetical methods to determine percentage and frequencies.

Results:

The main cause for endodontic failure was poor quality adjunctive treatment. 147 out of 179 male patients and 53 out of 71 female patients received poor quality treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between gender versus adjunctive treatment (P = 0.009) and between hospital versus adjunctive treatment (P = 0.005), and quality of adjunctive treatment between private hospital as compared to government hospital which was also statistically significant (P = 0.008). In quadrant wise distribution, first molars were the most commonly involved teeth. Inadequate filling of the root canal was (36.8%), missed canals (14.4), over-extension root canal fillings (12.8%), perforations (9.6%), instrumentation related (8.8%), and endodontic access preparation related (2.4%) in the decreasing order of frequency were seen as the most common causes of failure of endodontic treatment.

Conclusion:

First molars were the most commonly affected tooth in the failure of endodontic treatment. Poor adjunctive treatment and inadequate filling of the root canals were the most common causes of endodontic failure, more commonly seen in male than female patients and in private clinics/hospitals than government hospitals.