bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accessing MHz Operation at 2 V with Field‐Effect Transistors Based on Printed Polymers on Plastic
Authors: Perinot Andrea , Caironi Mario
Published: December 2018

Organic printed electronics are suitable for the development of wearable, lightweight, distributed applications in combination with cost‐effective production processes. Nonetheless, some necessary features for several envisioned disruptive mass‐produced products are still lacking: among these radio‐frequency (RF) communication capability, which requires high operational speed combined with low supply voltage in electronic devices processed on cheap plastic foils. Here, it is demonstrated that high‐frequency, low‐voltage, polymer field‐effect transistors can be fabricated on plastic with the sole use of a combination of scalable printing and digital laser‐based techniques. These devices reach an operational frequency in excess of 1 MHz at the challengingly low bias voltage of 2 V, and exceed 14 MHz operation at 7 V. In addition, when integrated into a rectifying circuit, they can provide a DC voltage at an input frequency of 13.56 MHz, opening the way for the implementation of RF devices and tags with cost‐effective production processes.
Muscle Expression of Type I and Type II Interferons Is Increased in Juvenile Dermatomyositis and Related to Clinical and Histologic Features
Authors: Moneta Gian Marco , Pires Marafon Denise , Marasco Emiliano , Rosina Silvia , Verardo Margherita , Fiorillo Chiara , Minetti Carlo , Bracci‐Laudiero Luisa , Ravelli Angelo , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Nicolai Rebecca
Published: December 2018

Objective

To evaluate the expression of type I interferon (IFNα/β)– and type II IFN (IFNγ)–inducible genes in muscle biopsy specimens from patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) and to correlate their expression levels with histologic and clinical features.

Methods

Expression levels of IFN‐inducible genes and proinflammatory cytokines were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in muscle biopsy specimens from patients with juvenile DM (n = 39), patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD), and healthy controls. Muscle biopsy sections were stained and scored for severity of histopathologic features. The charts of patients with juvenile DM were reviewed for clinical features at the time of sampling and long‐term outcomes.

Results

Muscle expression levels of IFNα/β‐inducible genes (type I IFN score), IFNγ, IFNγ‐inducible genes (type II IFN score), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were significantly higher in juvenile DM patients not receiving glucocorticoid therapy before muscle biopsy (n = 27) compared to DMD patients (n = 24) (type I IFN score, P < 0.0001; type II IFN score, P < 0.001; TNF, P < 0.05) and healthy controls (n = 4) (type I IFN score, P < 0.01; type II IFN score, P < 0.01; TNF, P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining of muscle biopsy sections from untreated juvenile DM patients showed increased immunoreactivity for IFNγ and HLA class II molecules compared to controls. Type I and type II IFN scores were correlated with typical histopathologic features of juvenile DM muscle biopsy samples, such as infiltration of endomysial CD3+ cells (type I IFN score, r = 0.68; type II IFN score, r = 0.63), perimysial CD3+ cells (type I IFN score, r = 0.59; type II IFN score, r = 0.66), CD68+ cells (type II IFN score, r = 0.46), and perifascicular atrophy (type I IFN score, r = 0.61; type II IFN score, r = 0.77). Juvenile DM patients with a high type I IFN score, a high type II IFN score, and high TNF expression levels showed more severe disease activity at biopsy (P < 0.05). In addition, juvenile DM patients with a high type II IFN score at biopsy reached clinically inactive disease significantly later than patients with low type II IFN score (log rank chi‐square value 13.53, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The increased expression of IFN‐inducible genes in the muscle in juvenile DM patients and their association with histologic and clinical features further support a pathogenic role for both type I and type II IFNs in juvenile DM.
A 14‐year‐old in heart failure with multiple cardiomyopathy variants illustrates a role for signal‐to‐noise analysis in gene test re‐interpretation
Authors: Connell Patrick S. , Jeewa Aamir , Kearney Debra L. , Tunuguntla Hari , Denfield Susan W. , Allen Hugh D. , Landstrom Andrew P.
Published: December 2018

Key Clinical Message

Variants of unknown significance in cardiomyopathic disease should be analyzed systematically based on the prevalence of the variant in the population compared to prevalence of disease, evidence that other variants in the gene are pathologic, consistency of prediction software on pathogenicity, and the current clinical consensus.
Cutaneous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: Fine needle aspiration provides rapid diagnosis
Authors: Mirza Rusella , Ellsworth Steven , King Judy , Sangster Guillermo , Shi Mingxia
Published: December 2018

Key Clinical Message

The diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma is challenging in a young person in absence of a prior history of cancer. In such situation, fine needle aspiration alone as a minimally invasive procedure can provide rapid, accurate and cost effective diagnosis, even in case of unknown primary.
Carbon Cloth‐supported MoS2/Ag2S/Ag3PO4 Composite with High Photocatalytic Activity and Recyclability
Authors: Liu Yuan , Wang Wenguang , Si Mingzhi , Zhang Haiyan
Published: December 2018

The immobilization of powdery photocatalysts has always been a key technology for its practical application in waste‐water purification. In this study, we successfully prepared carbon cloth‐supported MoS2/Ag2S/Ag3PO4 (CCMS‐AP) composite with high photocatalytic activity and good recyclable property for photodegradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. The effects of immersion time of carbon cloth‐supported MoS2 in AgNO3 solution on the performance of the CCMS‐AP were investigated. The results show that the CCMS‐AP prepared with 6 h of immersion time exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity with a reaction rate constant of 42.9×10−3 min−1, which is 4.93 times higher than that of carbon cloth‐supported Ag3PO4. The direct Z‐scheme photocatalytic system is responsible for the efficient charge separation and strong oxidation ability of the composite. Moreover, the MoS2 and carbon fibers provid high speed charge transfer channels for photo‐generated electrons, leading to lower recombination rate of electron‐hole pairs and higher photocatalytic performance of the composite photocatalyst. Our strategy can be extended to fabricate many other recyclable carbon cloth‐supported photocatalysts with high performance that shows promising potential applications in wastewater treatment.
CytoML for cross‐platform cytometry data sharing
Authors: Finak Greg , Jiang Wenxin , Gottardo Raphael
Published: December 2018

CytoML is an R/Bioconductor package that enables cross‐platform import, export, and sharing of gated cytometry data. It currently supports Cytobank, FlowJo, Diva, and R, allowing users to import gated cytometry data from commercial platforms into R. Once data are available in R, the data can be further manipulated. For example it can be combined with other computational and analytic approaches, and the results can be exported to FlowJo or Cytobank to be explored by researchers using those platforms. We demonstrate how CytoML and related R packages can be used as a tool to import, modify and export several samples stained with the T cell panel from the FlowCAP IV Lyoplate data set. Once imported, the gating is modified using computational approaches, and exported for visualization in Cytobank and FlowJo. We further show how CytoML can be used to import gated data from a publicly accessible mass cytometry experiment from Cytobank. CytoML is the only tool that allows such sharing of gated cytometry data between researchers working across different platforms, and it will serve as a useful tool for validating and verifying the reproducibility of analyses. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Cytohistological correlation, immunohistochemistry and Murine Double Minute Clone 2 amplification of pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Harbhajanka Aparna , Dahoud Wissam , Michael Claire W. , Elliot Robin
Published: December 2018

Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma is a rare aggressive intraluminal tumor often misdiagnosed as acute or chronic pulmonary thromboembolism due to its clinical presentation and radiological findings. Thus early diagnosis is very crucial and may improve patient outcome. There is limited literature on diagnosis of pulmonary artery sarcoma by endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA). Herein, we report a case of mass‐like lesion in the PA diagnosed on cytological material obtained by EBUS‐TBNA with rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE). The aspirate showed pleomorphic malignant spindled cells arranged in loosely cohesive clusters. The intraluminal origin of PAIS was supported by radiographic findings. Subsequently, the patient received preoperative chemotherapy and underwent tumor resection with reconstruction. This report describes the cytomorphologic features of this rare intravascular tumor and demonstrates how limited cytological sample obtained from EBUS‐TBNA with ROSE can be triaged efficiently for ancillary studies like immunohistochemistry and MDM2 amplification, thus expediting the management.
Influence of comorbidity on therapeutic decision making and impact on outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancers: Results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Agarwal JaiPrakash , Adulkar Deepanjali , Swain Monali , Chakraborty Santam , Gupta Tejpal , Budrukkar Ashwini , Ghosh‐Laskar Sarbani , Murthy Vedang
Published: December 2018

Background

High prevalence of comorbidity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) often lead to suboptimal treatment. The presence study aims to evaluate the presence of comorbidity, its impact on therapeutic decision making, treatment compliance, and overall survival in HNSCC.

Methods

Five hundred eighteen patients with nonmetastatic HNSCC, elder than 18 years of age, without any prior history of cancer or anticancer treatment in the last 5 years were evaluated using Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27 (ACE 27) index.

Results

Two hundred ninety three (56.6%) patients had comorbidity, and 20.6% had deviation from the ideal treatment plan. Higher grade of comorbidity led to less likely completion of guideline‐concordant therapy (moderate ACE 27 vs none: odds ratio [OR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26‐0.82, P < .01*; severe ACE 27 vs none: OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08‐0.57, P < .01*). Patients who completed guideline‐concordant treatment had the best outcomes as compared to those who could not (median survival: not reached vs 9.56 months, hazard ratio 3.66, 95% CI: 2.8‐4.79; P < .01*).

Conclusion

Presence of increasing severity of comorbidity in HNSCC influences therapeutic decision making. Survival outcomes are poorer in patients receiving guideline‐discordant treatment.
Diagnostic value of computed tomography combined with ultrasonography in detecting cervical recurrence in patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Hong Eun Kyoung , Kim Ji‐hoon , Lee Joongyub , Yoo Roh‐Eul , Kim Soo Chin , Kim Min Joo , Park Young Joo , Chung Eun‐Jae , Ryu Young Jin , Lee Eunjung , Kang Koung Mi , Yun Tae Jin , Choi Seung Hong , Sohn Chul‐Ho
Published: December 2018

Background

To determine the diagnostic role of CT added to ultrasound for the diagnosis of recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and to evaluate potential benefits for patients.

Methods

A total of 193 patients with recurrent DTC were retrospectively included. The diagnostic performances of ultrasound and combination of ultrasound and CT (ultrasound/CT) in detecting recurrence were compared. Benefits of CT were assessed based on the presence of any recurrence detected only with additional CT.

Results

In detecting cervical recurrence, ultrasound/CT showed higher sensitivity (P = .001) and lower specificity (P < .001) than ultrasound alone, overall resulting in higher area under the curve (P < .001). Seventy‐nine patients (40.9%) benefited from additional CT in detecting recurrence.

Conclusion

For reoperation of cervical recurrence in patients with DTC, addition of CT to ultrasound offers better surgical planning by enhancing detection of recurrent cancers that were overlooked with ultrasound alone.
Prognostic value of C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio for patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer undergoing invasive surgery involving laryngectomy
Authors: Kuboki Akihito , Kanaya Hiroaki , Nakayama Tsuguhisa , Konno Wataru , Goto Kazutaka , Nakajima Itsuo , Kashiwagi Takashi , Hirabayashi Hideki , Haruna Shin‐ichi
Published: December 2018

Background

The C‐reactive protein/albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio has been recently established as a prognostic indicator in various cancer types. However, few reports regarding the prognostic value of the CRP/Alb ratio in head and neck cancer exist. This study aimed to investigate the significance of the CRP/Alb ratio in clinical outcomes after invasive surgery involving laryngectomy for hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer.

Methods

We evaluated 56 patients who underwent total laryngectomy or total pharyngolaryngectomy between 2003 and 2012. Univariate and multivariate analyses were retrospectively performed to examine the prognostic value of the CRP/Alb ratio in these patients.

Results

The optimal cutoff value of the CRP/Alb ratio was 0.32. Multivariate analysis showed that the CRP/Alb ratio was a significant and independent predictor of poor overall and disease‐free survival.

Conclusion

The CRP/Alb ratio may be a novel and useful indicator for predicting postoperative outcomes in patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer.
Detection of malignancy‐associated phosphoproteome changes in human colorectal cancer induced by cell surface binding of growth‐inhibitory galectin‐4
Authors: Michalak Malwina , Warnken Uwe , Schnölzer Martina , Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Kopitz Jürgen
Published: December 2018

Emerging evidence on efficient tumor growth regulation by endogenous lectins directs interest to determine on a proof‐of‐principle level the range of information on alterations provided by full‐scale analysis using phosphoproteomics. In our pilot study, we tested galectin‐4 (gal‐4) that is a growth inhibitor for colon cancer cells (CRC), here working with the LS 180 line. In order to cover monitoring of short‐ and long‐term effects stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture‐based quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses were conducted on LS 180 cell preparations collected 1 and 72 h after adding gal‐4 to the culture medium. After short‐term treatment, 981 phosphosites, all of them S/T based, were detected by phosphoproteomics. Changes higher than 1.5‐fold were seen for eight sites in seven proteins. Most affected were the BET1 homolog (BET1), whose level of phosphorylation at S50 was about threefold reduced, and centromere protein F (CENPF), extent of phosphorylation at S3119 doubling in gal‐4‐treated cells. Phosphoproteome analysis after 72 h of treatment revealed marked changes at 33 S/T‐based phosphosites from 29 proteins. Prominent increase of phosphorylation was observed for cofilin‐1 at position S3. Extent of phosphorylation of the glutamine transporter SLC1A5 at position S503 was decreased by a factor of 3. Altered phosphorylation of BET1, CENPF, and cofilin‐1 as well as a significant effect of gal‐4 treatment on glutamine uptake by cells were substantiated by independent methods in the Vaco 432, Colo 205, CX 1, and HCT 116 cell lines. With the example of gal‐4 which functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells, we were able to prove that cell surface binding of the lectin not only markedly influences the cell proteome, but also has a bearing on malignancy‐associated intracellular protein phosphorylation.These results underscore the potential of this approach to give further work on elucidating the details of signaling underlying galectin‐triggered growth inhibition a clear direction. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(3):364–375, 2019
Vitamin E – The Next 100 Years
Authors: Khadangi Fatemeh , Azzi Angelo
Published: December 2018

α‐Tocopherol is the only tocopherol that has been shown to prevent the human deficiency disease Ataxia with Isolated Vitamin E Deficiency (AVED), and thus it is the only one that, for humans, can be called vitamin E. Vitamin E in addition to preventing AVED has documented immune boosting properties and an activity against nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis and low‐grade inflammation. Epidemiological studies indicating that vitamin E could prevent cardiovascular events, neurodegenerative disease, macular degeneration, and cancer were in general not confirmed by clinical intervention studies. Vitamin E and some of its metabolites modulate cell signaling and gene transcription. Future research is needed to achieve a better understanding of the molecular events leading to gene regulation by vitamin E, especially in its phosphorylated form. Isolation and characterization of the vitamin E kinase and vitamin E phosphate phosphatase will help in the understanding of cell regulation processes modulated by vitamin E. A clarification of the pathogenesis of AVED remains an important goal to be achieved. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):411–415, 2019
Roles for HB-EGF in Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Proliferation and Differentiation During Skeletal Growth
Authors: Li Ping , Deng Qi , Liu Jiajia , Yan Jianshe , Wei Zhanying , Zhang Zhenlin , Liu Huijuan , Li Baojie
Published: December 2018

HB-EGF, a member of the EGF superfamily, plays important roles in development and tissue regeneration. However, its functions in skeletal stem cells and skeleton development and growth remain poorly understood. Here, we used the Cre/LoxP system to ablate or express HB-EGF in Dermo1+ mesenchymal stromal cells and their progenies, including chondrocytes and osteoblast lineage cells, and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Dermo1-Cre; HB-EGFf/f mice only showed a modest increase in bone mass, whereas Dermo1-HB-EGF mice developed progressive chondrodysplasia, chondroma, osteoarthritis-like joint defects, and loss of bone mass and density, which were alleviated by treatment with EGFR inhibitor AG1478. The cartilage defects were recapitulated in chondrocyte-specific HB-EGF overexpression (Col2-HB-EGF) mice with a lesser severity. Dermo1-HB-EGF mice showed an increase in proliferation but defects in differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. HB-EGF promoted BMSC proliferation via the Akt1 and Erk pathways but inhibited BMSC differentiation via restraining Smad1/5/8 activation. However, Dermo1-HB-EGF mice showed normal osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. These results reveal an important function of autocrine or paracrine HB-EGF in mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation and differentiation and suggest that EGF signaling needs to be tightly controlled to maintain bone and articular cartilage integrity. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
RS7435335 located in the UGT2B7 gene may be a possible genetic marker for the clinical response and prognosis of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Mou Peng , Wang HuiJun , An Liping , Yin Qiang , Chang Juan
Published: December 2018

Objective

To evaluate the predictive efficacy and prognostic value of rs7435335 located in the UGT2B7 gene as a genetic marker in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods

A total of 190 patients with breast cancer treated with NAC were enrolled to detect the rs7435335 SNP by sequenom. Miller‐Payne grades were used to evaluate the treatment efficacy. The association between rs7435335 and chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis was analyzed.

Results

Altogether, 42 cases (22.1%) achieved pathologic complete response (pCR). The results of the univariate analysis showed that rs7435335 had no statistically significant difference with pCR and Miller‐Payne grades (P > 0.05). When grouping was done in accordance with the ER status, the pCR and Miller‐Payne grades significantly associated with rs7435335 (
P < 0.05) only in the ER‐negative group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that rs7435335 in the ER‐negative group was an independent predictor of pCR (
P < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that the disease‐free survival (DFS) time in patients with GA genotype was longer than that of GG genotype, and rs7435335 predicted the DFS in the ER‐negative group.

Conclusion

The UGT2B7 rs7435335 is associated with the NAC efficacy and prognosis. Patients with GA genotype have better efficacy and prognosis. Rs7435335 was found to be a possible gene marker for pCR and prognosis in ER‐negative patients who received NAC.
Evaluation of CORDEX rainfall in northwest Ethiopia: Sensitivity to the model representation of the orography
Authors: Van Vooren Sander , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , Nyssen Jan , Van Ginderachter Michiel , Termonia Piet
Published: December 2018

Precipitation amounts of 11 models of the Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) are evaluated for northwest Ethiopia against eight sets of gridded observational data sets. The model runs are forced with ERA‐Interim reanalysis and have a resolution of 0.44° while the resolution of the observational data sets varies between 0.0375 and 0.75°. Although the CORDEX ensemble mean overestimates the monthly precipitation compared to observational data sets, observations generally lie within the range of the model ensemble. Models generally overestimate the elevational sensitivity, that is, the simulated rainfall is too large for high elevations and too small for low elevations. The models that use the most smoothened representation of the orography perform the best. A group of six models, responsible for the largest biases, also include poor model orography. Given their strong elevation–precipitation correlation of about 60% even larger biases could be expected in case these models incorporate a correct orography. Also, the sensitivity to the choice of the model domain is investigated. While the eight CORDEX members on the African domain overestimate rainfall, the two members on the South Asia domain underestimate summer precipitation.
Plants face the flow in V formation: A study of plant patch alignment in streams
Authors: Cornacchia Loreta , Folkard Andrew , Davies Grieg , Grabowski Robert C. , van de Koppel Johan , van der Wal Daphne , Wharton Geraldene , Puijalon Sara , Bouma Tjeerd J.
Published: December 2018

Interactions between biological and physical processes, so‐called bio‐physical feedbacks, are important for landscape evolution. While these feedbacks have been quantified for isolated patches of vegetation in aquatic ecosystems, we still lack knowledge of how the location of one patch affects the occurrence of others. To test for patterns in the spatial distribution of vegetation patches in streams, we first measured the distance between Callitriche platycarpa patches using aerial images. Then, we measured the effects of varying patch separation distance on flow velocity, turbulence, and drag on plants in a field manipulation experiment. Lastly, we investigated whether these patterns of patch alignment developed over time following locations of reduced hydrodynamic forces, using 2‐yr field observations of the temporal patch dynamics of Ranunculus penicillatus in a lowland chalk stream. Our results suggest that vegetation patches in streams organize themselves in V‐like shapes to reduce drag forces, creating an optimal configuration that decreases hydrodynamic forces and may therefore encourage patch growth. Downstream patches are more frequently found at the rear and slightly overlapping the upstream patch, in locations that are partially sheltered by the established upstream vegetation while ensuring exposure to incoming flow (important for nutrient availability). Observations of macrophyte patch dynamics over time indicated that neighboring patches tend to grow in a slightly angled line, producing a spatial pattern resembling the V‐formation in migratory birds. These findings point to the general role of bio‐physical interactions in shaping how organisms align themselves spatially to aerodynamic and hydrodynamic flows at a range of scales.
Zooplankton grazing selectivity regulates herbivory and dominance of toxic phytoplankton over multiple prey generations
Authors: Ger Kemal Ali , Naus‐Wiezer Suzanne , De Meester Luc , Lürling Miquel
Published: December 2018

How grazer selectivity regulates the primary producer community is a core topic in ecology. Yet, the role of zooplankton grazing selection on phytoplankton dynamics is poorly understood. Few studies have compared the effect of grazers with contrasting selectivity on mixed phytoplankton prey, and none over multiple phytoplankton generations. We tested the hypothesis that a selectively grazing copepod (Eudiaptomus gracilis) would facilitate the dominance of a toxic cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) by grazing on a competing eukaryotic microalga (Cryptomonas pyrenoidifera), while a generalist cladoceran (Daphnia magna) would have no effect on the dominance of cyanobacteria in 4‐d laboratory cocultures. Experiments started with a ninefold initial dominance of Cryptomonas over Microcystis by biomass. Each grazer type was added to cocultured phytoplankton and the abundance of phytoplankton was compared to no‐grazer controls. As predicted, Daphnia had no effect on the relative abundance of its prey and the copepod facilitated Microcystis dominance, although the strength of facilitation slightly declined with time. As the copepod reduced mostly the biomass of the edible algae, it pushed the system toward the dominance of toxic prey, which likely reduced the efficiency of selective grazing on the last day. Hence, while the selective grazer promoted cyanobacterial dominance, the effect may be weaker than predicted from extrapolating grazing rates obtained from short‐term (i.e., hourly) assays. Overall, predicting the role of zooplankton selectivity on phytoplankton dynamics—especially harmful algal blooms—would benefit from accounting for fluctuations in grazer effects due to shifting abundance and growth of each prey over time.
Dithienobenzimidazole‐containing conjugated donor–acceptor polymers: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Harris Jared D. , Stihl Markus , Schmidt Hans‐Werner , Carter Kenneth R.
Published: December 2018

The synthesis of two new conjugated polymers based on the relatively under‐exploited monomer, 5,8‐dibromo‐2‐[5‐(2‐hexyldecyl)‐2‐thienyl]‐1H‐dithieno[3,2‐e:2′,3′‐g]benzimidazole (dithienobenzimidazole, DTBI), and either 4,7‐bis[4‐hexyl‐5‐(trimethylstannyl)‐2‐thienyl]‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BTD) or 2,6‐bis(trimethylstannyl)‐4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl) thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) is described. The polymers were synthesized via Stille polycondensation and characterized by traditional methods (1H NMR, gel‐permeation chromatography, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and cyclic voltammetry). Prior to their synthesis, trimer structures were modeled by DFT calculations facilitating a further understanding of the systems' electronic and geometric structure. Polymers were titrated with acid and base to take advantage of their amphiprotic imidazole moiety and their optical response monitored with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Finally, pristine polymer thin‐films were treated with acid and base to evaluate (de)protonation's effect on system electronics, but thin‐film degradation was encountered. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 60–69
An Intermittent Stream Supports Extensive Spawning of Large‐River Native Fishes
Authors: Hooley‐Underwood Zachary E. , Stevens Summer B. , Salinas Nicholas R. , Thompson Kevin G.
Published: December 2018

Intermittent or ephemeral streams make up a large percentage of all stream habitats and may have significant roles in spawning, foraging, refugia, and early life history habitat for many fishes. From 2015 to 2017 we examined the use of Cottonwood Creek, an intermittent tributary in the Gunnison River basin, Colorado, by spawning Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis, Bluehead Sucker C. discobolus, and Roundtail Chub Gila robusta. We used combinations of a stream‐spanning picket weir and PIT‐tag antennae near the mouth of the creek to determine fish movement in and out of the stream, which was more effective for the suckers than for Roundtail Chub. Large numbers of suckers used the stream each year despite very different flow regimes. The timing of initial fish entry varied by 6 weeks across 3 years of study from March 17 to May 6. Immigration was only loosely and inconsistently correlated to abiotic factors (various stream temperature metrics and discharge) among years and was most heavily dependent on the presence of sufficient water in the stream to permit fish passage. Average residency times of suckers ranged from 26 to 37 d depending on year and species, and spawning fish lost 10–18% of their body weight depending on species and sex. Both sucker species displayed a high level of annual site fidelity—61–71% of fish returned the year after being tagged. Larval drift was sporadic and many larvae failed to evacuate the stream before flow ceased each year. While further research is needed to assess the overall recruitment contribution from Cottonwood Creek to the regional population, this study revealed use of an intermittent tributary by thousands of native Colorado River fishes, highlighting the importance of nonperennial waters for the completion of the life histories of some large‐river fish species.
Next-to-minimal dark matter at the LHC
Authors: Bharucha A. , Brümmer F. , Desai N.
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We examine the collider signatures of a WIMP dark matter scenario comprising a singlet fermion and an SU(2) n-plet fermion, with a focus on n = 3 and n = 5. The singlet and n-plet masses are of the order of the electroweak scale. The n-plet contains new charged particles which will be copiously pair-produced at the LHC. Small mixing angles and near-degenerate masses, both of which feature naturally in these models, give rise to long-lived particles and their characteristic collider signatures. In particular, the n = 5 model can be constrained by displaced lepton searches independently of the mixing angle, generically ruling out 5-plet masses below about 280 GeV. For small mixing angles, we show that there is a parameter range for which the model reproduces the observed thermal relic density but is severely constrained by disappearing track searches in both the n = 3 and the n = 5 cases. The n = 3 model is further constrained by soft di-lepton searches irrespective of whether any of the new particles are long-lived.
6D attractors and black hole microstates
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Morteza , Hristov Kiril , Passias Achilleas , Zaffaroni Alberto
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We find a family of AdS2×ℳ4 supersymmetric solutions of the six-dimensional F(4) gauged supergravity coupled to one vector multiplet that arises as a low energy description of massive type IIA supergravity on (warped) AdS6 × S
4. ℳ4 is either a Kähler-Einstein manifold or a product of two Riemann surfaces with a constant curvature metric. These solutions correspond to the near-horizon region of a family of static magnetically charged black holes. In the case where ℳ4 is a product of Riemann surfaces, we successfully compare their entropy to a microscopic counting based on the recently computed topologically twisted index of the five-dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 USp(2N) theory with N

f
fundamental flavors and an antisymmetric matter field. Furthermore, our results suggest that the near-horizon regions exhibit an attractor mechanism for the scalars in the matter coupled F(4) gauged supergravity, and we give a proposal for it.
The Lund jet plane
Authors: Dreyer Frédéric A. , Salam Gavin P. , Soyez Grégory
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Lund diagrams, a theoretical representation of the phase space within jets, have long been used in discussing parton showers and resummations. We point out that they can be created for individual jets through repeated Cambridge/Aachen declustering, providing a powerful visual representation of the radiation within any given jet. Concentrating here on the primary Lund plane, we outline some of its analytical properties, highlight its scope for constraining Monte Carlo simulations and comment on its relation with existing observables such as the z

g
variable and the iterated soft-drop multiplicity. We then examine its use for boosted electroweak boson tagging at high momenta. It provides good performance when used as an input to machine learning. Much of this performance can be reproduced also within a transparent log-likelihood method, whose underlying assumption is that different regions of the primary Lund plane are largely decorrelated. This suggests a potential for unique insight and experimental validation of the features being used by machine-learning approaches.
Bulk locality and cooperative flows
Authors: Hubeny Veronika E.
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We use the ‘bit thread’ formulation of holographic entanglement entropy to highlight the distinction between the universally-valid strong subadditivity and the more restrictive relation called monogamy of mutual information (MMI), known to hold for geometrical states (i.e. states of holographic theories with gravitational duals describing a classical bulk geometry). In particular, we provide a novel proof of MMI, using bit threads directly. To this end, we present an explicit geometrical construction of cooperative flows which we build out of disjoint thread bundles. We conjecture that our method applies in a wide class of configurations, including ones with non-trivial topology, causal structure, and time dependence. The explicit nature of the construction reveals that MMI is more deeply rooted in bulk locality than is the case for strong subadditivity.
Resonant di-Higgs production at gravitational wave benchmarks: a collider study using machine learning
Authors: Alves Alexandre , Ghosh Tathagata , Guo Huai-Ke , Sinha Kuver
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We perform a complementarity study of gravitational waves and colliders in the context of electroweak phase transitions choosing as our template the xSM model, which consists of the Standard Model augmented by a real scalar. We carefully analyze the gravitational wave signal at benchmark points compatible with a first order phase transition, taking into account subtle issues pertaining to the bubble wall velocity and the hydrodynamics of the plasma. In particular, we comment on the tension between requiring bubble wall velocities small enough to produce a net baryon number through the sphaleron process, and large enough to obtain appreciable gravitational wave production. For the most promising benchmark models, we study resonant di-Higgs production at the high-luminosity LHC using machine learning tools: a Gaussian process algorithm to jointly search for optimum cut thresholds and tuning hyperparameters, and a boosted decision trees algorithm to discriminate signal and background. The multivariate analysis on the collider side is able either to discover or provide strong statistical evidence of the benchmark points, opening the possibility for complementary searches for electroweak phase transitions in collider and gravitational wave experiments.
On the Sensitivity of the Precipitation Partitioning Into Evapotranspiration and Runoff in Land Surface Parameterizations
Authors: Zheng Hui , Yang Zong‐Liang , Lin Peirong , Wei Jiangfeng , Wu Wen‐Ying , Li Lingcheng , Zhao Long , Wang Shu
Published: December 2018

The precipitation partitioning between evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff (R) at the land surface is controlled by atmospheric boundary layer and terrestrial hydrological processes. These processes in land surface models are manifested primarily as stomatal conductance, soil moisture limitation factor to transpiration (β‐factor), turbulence, and runoff generation. What are the sensitivities of precipitation partitioning to the parameterizations of these processes? To address this overarching question, the annual and seasonal means of ET and R over the conterminous United States were simulated using 48 configurations of the Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah‐MP). The Sobol' total sensitive index was used to quantify the sensitivity of ET and R to the parameterizations of the four processes mentioned above. Results show that the sensitivities of the annual means depend on climatic conditions and the interplay between ET and R plays an important role. In humid regions, precipitation is mostly partitioned into R, whereas the simulations can be more sensitive to ET's parameterizations. In arid regions, ET accounts for the major partition, whereas the simulations can be more sensitive to the runoff parameterization. Seasonal means exhibit different sensitivities from the annual means. The seasonal mean ET is more sensitive to ET's parameterizations, and R is more sensitive to the runoff parameterization. The β‐factor, which is neglectable for the annual means, is important for summer‐time ET. Mediated by the terrestrial water storage memories, ET interplays R across seasons. The winter‐time R is still sensitive to the stomatal conductance that only modulates growing‐season ET.
How Is Meridional Coherence Maintained in the Lower Limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation?
Authors: Zou Sijia , Lozier M. Susan , Buckley Martha
Published: December 2018

Despite a strong focus on latitudinal continuity of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variability, transport continuity in different layers that constitute the AMOC lower limb has received considerably less attention. In this study, we investigate the transport connectivity of Upper North Atlantic Deep Water (UNADW) and Lower NADW (LNADW), with both defined by density. Using two ocean circulation models and an ocean reanalysis, we find that subpolar‐originated transport anomalies, particularly for UNADW, do not propagate to the subtropics over a period of five decades. We also find that transports in both layers are linked to AMOC at subpolar latitudes, yet only LNADW transport shows linkage to AMOC in the subtropical gyre. Thus, latitudinal AMOC continuity is likely unrelated to transport continuity in any single layer, but rather a result of connection between subpolar‐AMOC and subtropical‐LNADW transport. An exception to this generalization is possible with strong LNADW transport events.
A 3‐D Shear Wave Velocity Model for Myanmar Region
Authors: Wang Xin , Wei Shengji , Wang Yu , Maung Maung Phyo , Hubbard Judith , Banerjee Paramesh , Huang Bor‐Shouh , Moe Oo Kyaw , Bodin Thomas , Foster Anna , Almeida Rafael
Published: December 2018

Myanmar is located at the eastern margin of the ongoing Indo‐Eurasian collision system, has experienced a complex tectonic history and is threatened by a high level of seismic hazard. Here we develop a crustal scale 3‐D seismic velocity model of Myanmar, which is not only critical for understanding the regional tectonic setting and its evolution but can also provide the foundation for a variety of seismological studies, including earthquake location determinations, earthquake focal mechanism inversions, and ground motion simulations. We use the newly deployed Earth Observatory of Singapore‐Myanmar broadband seismic network and other seismic stations in and around Myanmar to study the station‐based 1‐D velocity structure through a joint inversion of receiver functions, H/V amplitude ratio of Rayleigh waves, and surface wave dispersion measurements. Our results reveal a highly variable crustal structure across Myanmar region, characterized by a series of N‐S trending sedimentary basins, with thicknesses up to ~15 km in central Myanmar and an ~5‐km step in the depth of the Moho across the Sagaing‐Shan Scarp fault system. We interpolate our station‐based 1‐D velocity profiles to obtain an integrated 3‐D velocity model from southern Bangladesh to Myanmar. Using three regional earthquakes located to the south, within, and north of the seismic network, we show that our proposed model performs systematically better than the CRUST 1.0 model for both Pnl waves and surface waves. Our study provides a preliminary community velocity model for the region, with further refinements and interpretations anticipated in the near future.
Temporal Evolution of S‐Band Circular Polarization Ratios of Kilometer‐Scale Craters on the Lunar Maria
Authors: Fassett Caleb I. , King Isabel R. , Nypaver Cole A. , Thomson Bradley J.
Published: December 2018

Circular polarization ratio (CPR) measurements from the Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini‐RF) instrument provide information about how lunar craters evolve with time. In particular, S‐band CPR data are sensitive to the rockiness and/or topographic roughness of the uppermost ~1 m of the subsurface. We extracted CPR as a function of radial range for 6,206 unique craters superposed on the lunar maria with diameter D = 0.8–2 km and constructed median profiles aggregating craters into 13 different age classes. These aggregate profiles show systematic evolution of craters' CPR with time. The freshest craters (<200 Ma) have ejecta exhibiting elevated CPR compared to the background maria out to distances of more than three crater diameters beyond the craters' rims. The extent and magnitude of this enhancement declines as craters age. Within crater interiors, the CPR signature initially increases for 0.4–0.6 Ga and then declines. These observations provide constraints on rock breakdown and regolith development after crater formation. Additionally, our results demonstrate that the CPR evolution of crater interiors and ejecta are significantly decoupled. The CPR enhancement in crater ejecta fades faster than crater interiors, causing their overall CPR signature to look similar to anomalous craters whose interior CPR anomalies have been attributed in past work to the presence of water ice. Craters in this study became more anomalous‐looking as they reach middle age (~1.5–2.5 Ga), as their interior and exterior regolith differ in rockiness as time passes. Our results support, but do not prove, that anomalous craters' CPR signatures can arise without requiring water ice.
Simulation of Capillary Pressure Overshoot in Snow Combining Trapping of the Wetting Phase With a Nonequilibrium Richards Equation Model
Authors: Leroux Nicolas R. , Pomeroy John W.
Published: December 2018

The timing and magnitude of snowmelt discharge and subsequent runoff are controlled by both matrix and preferential flows of water through snowpacks. Matrix flow can be estimated using the Richards equation, and recently, preferential flow in snowpacks has been represented in 2D and 3D models. A challenge for representing preferential flow through porous media in 2D or 3D is capillary pressure overshoot in 1D. Soil studies have developed sophisticated and largely realistic approaches to represent capillary pressure overshoot, but it has not been addressed in snowpack water flow models. Here a 1D nonequilibrium Richards equation model is implemented with dynamic capillary pressure and is combined with a new concept of entrapment of liquid water within the pore space. This new model well represented capillary pressure overshoot, as estimated by published capillary pressure measurements in snow samples of various grain sizes under different rates of liquid water infiltration. Three model parameters were calibrated, and their impacts on model outputs were evaluated. This improvement is a substantial step toward better understanding and simulating physical processes occurring while liquid water percolates an initially dry snowpack.
212‐Gbit/s 2:1 multiplexing selector realised in InP DHBT
Authors: Konczykowska A. , Jorge F. , Riet M. , Nodjiadjim V. , Duval B. , Mardoyan H. , Estaran J.M. , Adamiecki A. , Raybon G. , Dupuy J.‐Y.
Published: December 2018

In this Letter, the authors report on the design, optimisation and electrical measurements of a new fully integrated multiplexing selector fabricated in 0.7‐µm indium phosphide (InP) double‐heterojunction bipolar transistor technology. All parts of the circuit were optimised to obtain 200‐Gbit/s class of operation. They present electrical performances at 140 and to a record speed of 212 Gbit/s, highlighting their respective measurement challenges. The power consumption of the circuit is 0.5 and 0.8 W for a differential output amplitude of 240 and 730 mV, respectively. This selector has been successfully used as modulator driver in optical transmission experiments up to 204 Gbit/s.
Linear approximation for bandwidth‐power product minimisation for downlink OFDM access in cognitive radio
Authors: Gunasekara C.
Published: December 2018

In this Letter, the author proposes a low complex sub‐optimal algorithm for resource allocation in spatial spectrum usage of a cognitive radio network by minimising the bandwidth power product while satisfying secondary user's quality of service and interference constraints of primary users. The author has proposed an approach to solve the problem by using linear programming techniques. The author compares the proposed method with the optimal solution to show its effectiveness.
Method for joint estimation for states and parameters concerning non‐linear systems with time‐correlated measurement noise
Authors: Liu Hongqiang , Zhou Zhongliang , Yang Haiyan
Published: December 2018

A dimensionality‐reduction‐augmented non‐linear state–space representation has been proposed to reduce the optimisation space for maximum‐likelihood estimation. Based on the above representation, an expectation–maximisation algorithm has been derived to realise joint estimation of states and parameters. During the expectation step, the system state was estimated via the use of a fifth‐order cubature Kalman filter and Rauch–Tung–Striebel smoother based on the state‐augmented method. During the maximisation step, unknown parameters within iterations were estimated using the Newton method. Subsequently, two joint‐estimation methods – one containing all measurements and the other involving a sliding window – were developed to estimate the invariants and step parameters, respectively. An example concerning manoeuvring‐target tracking has been discussed to demonstrate the performance of proposed algorithms.
Hardware and software architecture of intelligent vehicles and road verification in typical traffic scenarios
Authors: Gao Hongbo , Yu Huilong , Xie Guotao , Ma Haitong , Xu Youchun , Li Deyi
Published: December 2018

Intellectualisation is one of the three reforming technologies in automotive industry, which is now changing the mobility mode and human society. High safety and intelligence are the pre‐requisites for putting self‐driving vehicles into markets. This study presents the hardware and software architecture for intelligent vehicles, as well as their road verification in typical traffic scenarios. The hardware system includes environmental sensors, computing platforms, vehicle actuators, and vehicle platforms, which is able to provide redundant protection against the main controller failure. The software system includes environmental perception module, scene cognition module, decision and control module, human–computer interaction module and public service support module. To evaluate the performance of the developed architecture, the road tests of automated driving system were carried out in two typical traffic scenarios, including: (i) closed road test in Yuanboyuan region; (ii) open road test on Beijing‐Tianjin highway. The real road test shows that the designed hardware and software systems for intelligent vehicles have desirable robustness, which can realise accurate and reliable environment perception, decision‐making and motion control.