bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban green spaces - A support for physical activities and tourism. Case study Oradea Municipality, Bihor, Romania
Authors: FILIMON CLAUDIU , TĂTAR CORINA CRISTE , FILIMON LUMINIȚA ANIȘOARA , HERMAN LAURA MARIANA
Published: January 2022

Background: The urban green space with specific functions (economic, social, ecological, recreational tourist, etc.) stands as one the most representative indicators of attractiveness and quality. The main aim of the study is to inventory and analyze the green areas with reference to their number, total area, area per inhabitant and their endowment for physical and tourist activities. Material and methods: The data necessary to carry out the study were obtained from the website of the National Institute of Statistics of Romania, the Register of Green Spaces of Oradea Municipality and the Oradea Green City Program as well as from field research. Their processing was performed using Excel and ArcGis 10.6. programs. Results: The results highlighted the existing situation at the level of Oradea Municipality regarding the green spaces that are suitable for carrying out physical and tourist activities. Conclusions: In conclusion, although the analyzed area is in full process of economic development and territorial expansion, against the background of a coherent urban development policy, the green space is undergoing a sustained process of expansion, contributing to increasing the quality of urban life and consolidating the city’s destination image.
Study on the efficiency of advanced pressing in the Premier League
Authors: BRÎNDESCU SORIN , DATCU FRANCISC-REMUS , BUDA IONUȚ-ALEXADRU
Published: January 2022

Background: Advanced pressing is a tactical relationship which consists of a joint effort which players undertake to win back possession as high up the pitch as possible. It comes as a direct counter to slow build-up styles like the tiki-taka and has existed, historically, for decades. The best examples from history can be Ajax and Feyenoord in the 1970s, as well as the Dutch national team from the same period. In these days, some of English teams use this tactical relationship with the desire to recover the ball as quickly as possible. Material and Methods: In order to analyze the efficiency of advanced pressing in modern football, we have used statistical analysis which we took from the site fbref.com [accessed on 20 April, 2021], key raw pressing statistics like % of successful pressing attempts, as well as viewing football games to see which teams use a high, medium or low defensive block. We have analyzed how far up the pitch they usually defend and press, how successful they are with their pressing and what their dependencies are. Results: On average, although there is a dependency on the quality of the players available in the squad, teams which adopted an advanced pressing tactic had better results than teams which did not. They won the ball higher up the field and initiated goal actions much closer to the opposition’s goal. Conclusions: In modern football, teams which use advanced pressing have better results than teams who prefer to sit deep and let the opposition build from the back. Advanced pressing produces good results for other attacking statistics as well: entries in the final third, expected goals and overall league position, but it is not the only success factor. Teams still need to be capable of holding their defensive shape in order to avoid having large gaps between their defenders and their attackers.
Profile of sport competition anxiety trait and psychological coping skills among secondary school athletes in Enugu State, South East Nigeria
Authors: IWUAGWU TOCHI EMMANUEL , UMEIFEKWEM JOSHUA EMEKA , IGWE SAMUEL NDUBUISI , OFORKA OKECHUKWU KINGSLEY , UDEH OLUCHUKWU PRECIOUS
Published: January 2022

Background: The study investigated the profile of sport competition anxiety trait and psychological coping skills (PCS) among secondary school athletes in Enugu State, South East Nigeria. Material/Methods: A total number of 420 secondary school athletes participated in a cross-sectional study. The profile of sport competition anxiety trait and psychological coping skills of the participants were measured using a 46-item questionnaire consisting of three socio-demographic factors as part I, a 15-item Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) as part II and a 28-item Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI) as part III. Mean, standard deviation and linear regressions were used for analyses. Results: The findings revealed that secondary school athletes had an average level of anxiety (mean±SD=20.79±3.776), and greater strength on psychological coping skills (mean±SD=49.92±19.20) while participating in sport competitions. Coachability, Goal setting and mental preparation, and Freedom from worry had significant association (p<.05) with athletes’ Sport Competition Anxiety. Conclusions: This research proves that increase in psychological coping skills leads to increase in athletes’ competition anxiety while participating in sport. However, sport psychologists, Physical Education teachers, games masters/mistresses and coaches in secondary schools need to acquire psychological skills through specialized seminar or expertise training so as to enable athletes to cope with sport anxiety.
The adolescent’s perceptions and reasons for enjoyment at physical education classes in four elementary Brazilian schools
Authors: BATISTA LEMES VANILSON , BRAND CAROLINE , FELIN FOCHESATTO CAMILA , ARAUJO GAYA ADROALDO CEZAR , GAYA ANELISE REIS
Published: January 2022

Background: This study aimed to describe adolescents’ positive and negative perceptions and reasons for enjoyment in physical education (PE) in four schools, and to identify adolescents’ opinions about possible improvements in PE classes. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a qualitative approach. The sample was composed of 240 girls and 230 boys, aged between 11 and 17 years according to exhaustion criteria, which is a requirement for the analyses of content. Perceptions and reasons for enjoyment in PE were evaluated according to three open questions. Analysis of content was applied. Results: There were different positive perceptions between schools related to sports enjoyment. Negative perceptions were mainly related to the teacher–student relationship, not having PE, and teachers’ work methodologies. Suggestions were focused on diversifying specific physical activities, exercises, and sports. Conclusions: Adolescents enjoy PE due to fun, learning, liking physical activity practice, exercise, and sports. Negative perceptions were related to the difficulty with the teacher and not having PE classes. Adolescents suggest that they would like to have a wide variety of types of physical activity, physical exercise, and sport modalities.
Pengembangan Desain Walker Fleksibel Bagi Lansia
Authors: Idiar  , Muhammad Yunus
Published: January 2022

The health condition of the elderly generally has decreased which can cause several physical and mental problems. Elderly aged over 70 years or 60 years who have health problems are categorized as high risk elderly. In carrying out their daily activities inside the house or outside the house, such as going to the mosque, garden, etc., they usually use a equipment called a walker. The types of walkers on the market still have limitations, so they need to be developed in a flexible walker design. The stages used in the flexible walker design development research are compiling a list of requirements, determining reference concepts, developing alternative concepts, selecting concepts, and analyzing techniques and postures for the selected design.

The selected concept has specifications, namely the front pedestal functions as a fixed leg or wheeled leg, the arm of the walker holder can be adjusted up and down by 150 mm in height, has a seat that can be folded, and the walker can be folded. In addition, the results of stress analysis on the critical component, namely the main fulcrum, obtained safe criteria where the maximum stress value that occurs is 7.35x106 N/m2 is given still below the yield strength value of the brass material 3.5x108 N/m2. Posture analysis using the RULA method in standing and sitting positions obtained an average final score of 2 in the acceptable category for walker users..
Identifikasi Kandungan Kimia Pada Pasir Sungai Brantas
Authors: Fauzi Sulhan , Nadliroh Kuni
Published: January 2022

Daerah aliran sungai Brantas yang panjang tentunya memiliki potensi pasir yang melimpah. Namun pemanfaatan pasir sungai Brantas masih terbatas hanya sebagai bahan bangunan. Padahal banyak sekali unsur kimia pada pasir sungai yang bisa dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui atau mengidentifikasi kandungan unsur kimia yang terkandung dalam pasir sungai Brantas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengekstraksi sampel pasir besi dari pasir Sungai Brantas menggunakan magnet kemudian diidentifikasi melalui uji XRD dan SEM. Hasil XRD menunjukkan kandungan Kalsium Aluminium Silikat (Al2CaO8Si2), magnetit (Fe3O4), Magnesium Vanadium Oksida (Mg0,966 (V1,64Mg0,36) Mg0,105O4) dan Sodium Zinc Iron Phosphorus Oxide (Na (Zn0,8Fe0,2 ) PO4).
Analisa Komposisi Bahan Penyusun Kertas Medium Fluting, Brown Kraft, dan Test Liner
Authors: Anggoro Andika Dwi , Rhohman Fatkur
Published: January 2022

Kertas merupakan bahan tipis yang dibuat dari serat-serat nabati pendek yang diendapkan serta dikeringkan. Serat yang digunakan umumnya merupakan natural, serta memiliki selulosa serta hemiselulosa. Kertas dalam bahasa inggris diucapkan paper serta dalam bahasa belanda papier. Kertas merupakan benda lembaran yang dibuat dari bubur rumput, jerami, kayu dan sebagainya, yang bisa dirobek, digulung, dilipat, direkat, dicoret mempunyai sifat yang berbeda dari bahan bakunya. Bahan baku merupakan bahan utama pembuatan kertas. Bahan baku diubah hingga menjadi barang baru yang mempunyai wujud dan sifat berlainan dari bahan asalnya. Bahan pembantu merupakan bahan-bahan yang dibutuhkan untuk memperlancar pembuatan kertas. Bahan pelengkap merupakan bahan-bahan yang dibutuhkan dalam proses pembuatan kertas supaya mendapatkan hasil yang baik tanpa bahan pelengkap kertas yang dihasilkan banyak mengandung cacat dan tidak sempurna. Bahan baku yang dipakai dalam pembuatan kertas adalah waste paper atau kertas hasil daur ulang dari kertas bekas.
Eksplorasi Peran Handphone Berbasis Android Dalam Pembelajaran Daring di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Mohamad Sakban  , Padlurrahman Padlurrahman , Rismarini Nursaly Baiq
Published: January 2022

Learning activities in schools since the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world, as a result of which learning is carried out online. However, in the era of globalization, such as at this time android-based mobile phones can be used as online learning media. So the purpose of this study is to see the role of Android-based mobile phones in online learning in elementary schools. The research method used in this study is a survey method in which the researcher took 2 samples of schools in Aikmel sub-district with a total of 105 students as respondents. The data collection technique used a questionnaire or a questionnaire consisting of 5 statement items and one conclusion statement item. The power analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results showed that the role of cellphones in the learning process was less effective, but on the other hand, cellphones were very helpful in implementing online learning
Overview of global IVF reimbursement practices
Authors: Krylov V.A.
Published: January 2022

This article describes the differences in approaches to the reimbursement of IVF procedures in different countries. A comparative analysis of the regulatory framework has shown that in the EU countries there is a tendency to curb government spending by introducing restrictions on the total number of reimbursable cycles and the introduction of co-payments from patients. There is no federal law in the United States regulating the reimbursement of funds spent on assisted reproductive technologies, but 15 states have a mandate to cover infertility treatment. In Australia, financial support for married couples is provided when their own annual expenses for infertility treatment exceed one thousand Australian dollars. In Russia, a patient with infertility can receive two IVF cycles per year, but the total number of repeated cycles funded by the OMI is not limited.
Seleksi Fitur dan Penanganan Imbalanced Data menggunakan RFECV dan ADASYN
Authors: Pratama Irfan , Chandra Albert Yakobus , Presetyaningrum Putri Taqwa
Published: January 2022

Proses data mining bekerja terhadap data yang tersedia. Jika dataset tidak tersedia sepenuhnya, hasil pengolahan data mining menjadi tidak optimal. Terdapat beberapa kondisi data yang perlu penanganan terlebih dahulu sebelum memasuki tahap data mining. Salah satunya ialah imbalanced class yang merupakan kondisi di mana distribusi data pada setiap kelas tidak proporsional. Sebagai salah satu cara untuk efisiensi proses klasifikasi, seleksi fitur dapat memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut karena hasil dari seleksi fitur adalah sebuah dataset dengan jumlah atribut yang lebih sedikit dari sebelumnya. Untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan imbalanced class, ADASYN digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebagai metode untuk menyeimbangkan proporsi kelas pada dataset. Sedangkan RFECV digunakan sebagai metode fitur seleksi yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pada proses klasifikasi. Setelah dilakukan evaluasi dari hasil klasifikasi pada dataset yang menggunakan seleksi fitur, didapatkan hasil klasifikasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan hasil klasifikasi pada dataset tanpa seleksi fitur. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan perbandingan antara hasil terbaik dari akurasi klasifikasi dataset tanpa seleksi fitur. Hasil dari metode CART sebesar 85.1% yang merupakan hasil dari pengolahan data tanpa menggunakan metode fitur seleksi. sedangkan metode Bagging k-NN yang menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 88% yang di aplikasikan pada dataset dengan seleksi fitur. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa seleksi fitur dapat meningkatkan akurasi pada klasifikasi.
Archival and investigative files from the funds of the Central archive of the FSB of Russia as a historical source
Authors: Dugin Aleksandr
Published: January 2022

The publication is devoted to the content of recently declassified archival and investigative files (hereinafter - ASD) from the funds of the Central archive of the FSB of Russia on employees of the Central apparatus of the NKVD of the USSR in the 1930s - I.I. Shapiro, S. Ya. Zubkin, V.A. Ulmer and E.P. Salyn. A number of fragments from the “Summary report of the NKVD of the USSR on the number of people arrested and convicted in 1936-1938”, deliberately hidden by N.I. Ezhov from the leadership of the Soviet state, are used. New sources are named for the previously unknown attempt on Stalin, the military operation in Sinjiang of China and other documents from the Central archive funds of the FSB of the Russian Federation, revealed as a result of studying the named ASD. The full text of these and other documents from the Central Federal security service of Russia, expanding the source base of the history of Stalinism, is published by the author in the new monograph «Secrets of the archives of the NKVD of the USSR: 1937-1938. View from the inside” (M. 1920).
TEORI FUNGSIONALISME DILIHAT DARI SUDUT PANDANG ANTROPOLOGI
Authors: Adha Nadila
Published: January 2022

Teori fungsionalisme dilihat dari sudut pandang antropologi
Correlates and Clusters of Factors Influencing Perceived Organizational Performance of Pharmaceutical Managers in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Oamen Theophilus Ehidiamen , Omorenuwa Oamen Sophia
Published: January 2022

There is limited evidence to show how pharmaceutical managers are profiled based on managerial roles: operational, product, and strategic management level, using clustering and multivariate analyses. The constructs evaluated were:self-efficacy (SE), reward-structure (RS), policy-involvement (PE), task-environment (TE), communication-engagement (CE), and perceived organizational performance (OP). Study objectives were to investigate the profile of pharmaceutical managers based on functional roles and task constructs influencing their performance. Secondly, to assess the influence of SE, TE, PE, CE, and RS on OP of pharmaceutical managers. A literature-guided questionnaire cross-sectional study was administered by stratified random sampling to 241 managers involved in pharmaceutical marketing in Nigeria. Multivariate analyses were used to examine relationships between variables. Two-step Cluster analysis was used to explore the distinct structure of constructs. Kruskal Wallis test compared cluster groups at p≤.05. Associations existed between demographic attributes and managerial roles except for gender (p=0.085), and qualification as pharmacist or non-pharmacist (p=0.124). The regression model showed that SE, TE, and PE were significant predictors of OP. CS and RS had no significant influence on OP. Significant positive relationships were found between six constructs. Three clusters were computed with an overall median cluster score of 24.13. Strategic managers formed the dominant cluster 1 (mean=24.39) with comparatively higher value of PE than Clusters 2 (product managers) and 3 (operational managers). Higher performance scores were related to higher levels of perceived self-efficacy among managers. The study recommends need-specific interventions to address role-specific challenges affecting managers. Adopting improved communication and reward systems to improve overall performance is recommended.
Cara Menyusun Company Description yang Menarik
Authors: Putra Aryadewa Ramadhana Vavirya
Published: January 2022

Company Description merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi perusahaan ketika mereka menjalankan bisnis. Hal ini karena Company Description menggambarkan seperti apa perusahaan tersebut dan dapat berguna bagi calon pelanggan maupun dengan investor atau mitra yang ingin melakukan kerjasama.
PENDEKATAN HOLISTIK DALAM ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM SEB
Authors: refals Monica
Published: January 2022

Pendekatan yang digunakan Antropologi Hukum dalam mengkaji hukum adalah menggunakan pendekatan Holistik (menyeluruh) terhadap seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia antara lain hukum, ekonomi, politik, termasuk budaya. Di dalam Antropologi, kita belajar sesuatu yang holistik dalam melihat kebudayaan. Artinya, dengan penglihatan holistik dimaksudkan dapat meninjau kebudayaan sebagai suatu kesatuan yang bagian-bagiannya mewujudkan hubungan yang kait mengkait/terintegrasi. Dan hukum disini, tidak ditinjau secara tersendiri, tetapi dihubungan dengan kebudayaan sebagai keseluruhan
Tentang teori teori ilmu negara
Authors: HALAWA NUSTRA
Published: January 2022

Dengan catatan ini saya akan menjelaskan tentang teori teori ilmu negara
Uas antropologi hukum
Authors: Aviv Muhammad Sander
Published: January 2022

Antropologi merupakan ilmu pengetahuan tentang manusia. Antropologi hukum ialah ilmu pengetahuan yang berkaitan dengan manusia yang dikaitkan dengan hukum. Manusia yang dimaksud merupakan manusia yang hidup dalam masyarakat, baik masyarakat yang masih sederhana maupun masyarakat yang sudah maju budayanya. Budaya yang dimaksud merupakan budaya hukum. Budaya hukum adalah segala bentuk perilaku maupun tingkah laku budaya manusia berpengaruh pada masalah hukum.
PROSES SENGKETA ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM DALAM PANDANGAN ANTROPOLGI HUKUM PARA AHLI
Authors: septiadi vicki
Published: January 2022

sengketa ialah suatu perselisihan yang terjadi antara dua pihak atau lebih yang salingmempertahankan persepsinya masing-masing, di mana perselisihan tersebut dapatterjadi karena adanya suatu tindakan wanprestasi dari pihak-pihak atau salah satupihak dalam perjanjian.Jadi Proses Sengketa Antropologi Hukum adalah rangkaian kegiatan pengumpulan,penataan, pengolahan dan penganalisisan data/fakta (berproses) terhadapsuatu sengketa sehingga diperoleh hasil penyelesaian terhadap perkara tersebut.Proses sengketa yang dapat ditempuh oleh orang maupun golongan yang bersengketadapat dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu :1. LitigasiYang mana suatu proses menyelesaikan suatu sengketa secara hukum atau melaluijalur pengadilan2. Non LitigasiYang mana proses menyelesaikan sengketa nya dilakukan dengan :1. Konsultasi2. Negosiasi3. Mediasi4. Konsilidasi5. Penilaian Ahli
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PROMOSI KESEHATAN TENTANG KESELAMATAN BERKENDARA SEPEDA MOTOR PADA SISWA SMA
Authors: fidhiniyah nur rochmah
Published: January 2022

Keselamatan berkendara sepeda motor sangat penting khususnya di kalangan siswa SMA. Keselamatan berkendara dibutuhkan karena saat ini siswa usia SMA banyak yang membawa sepeda motor ke sekolah. Banyak kasus kecelakaan sepeda motor yang melibatkan siswa usia SMA, karena psikologi mereka yang masih labil dan kurang waspada dalam berkendara sepeda motor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat media keselamatan berkendara yang sesuai di SMA Budi Sejati Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Rancangan penelitian ini pertama dengan memberikan pre test menggunakan kuesioner, selanjutnya dibuatsebuahmedia,dandilakukanujimedia.Sampeldalampenelitianiniadalahkeseluruhanpopulasi dari SMA Budi Sejati Surabaya yaitu 40 siswa dan yang dapat di teliti oleh responden adalah 32 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil data penelitian ini menunjukkan sebagian besar responden berjenis kelamin perempuan. Rata-rata berusia 16–18 tahun. Sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan, sikap, motivasidantindakanyangbaiktentangkeselamatanberkendarasepedamotor.Selainitusebagianbesar responden merasa rentan terhadap kecelakaan sepeda motor. Media yang digunakan adalah poster tentang pentingnya memiliki SIM saat berkendara sepeda motor dan media sosialfacebook.
PERKEMBANGAN RUANG LINGKUP ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM
Authors: rizqi Jefri
Published: January 2022

abstrak di dalam diri manusia mengenai apa yang dianggap baikserta apa yang dianggap buruk. Hukum diartikan sebagai nilai yang merupakan salah satuunsur pandangan manusia mengenai hal-hal yang seharusnya dianuti karena dianggap baik,dan hal-hal yang seharusnya dihindari karena dianggap buruk.
PERBEDAAN ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM, SOSIOLOGI HUKUM, DAN HUKUM ADAT
Authors: praja vadel hermana
Published: January 2022

Berdasarkan pembahasan di atas, dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut:1. Antropologi hukum adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang berkaitan dengan manusia yang bersangkutan dengan hukum. Antropologi hukum mempelajari hubungan timbal-balik antara hukum dengan fenomena-fenomena sosial secara empiris dalam kehidupan masyarakat; bagaimana hukum berfungsi dalam kehidupan masyarakat, atau bagaimana hukum bekerja sebagai alat pengendalian sosial atau sarana untuk menjaga keteraturansosial dalam masyarakat.2. Sosiologi hukum merupakan hukum dalam perspektif ilmu sosial yang melakukankonstruksi hukum didasarkan pada fenomena sosial yang ada. Perilaku masyarakat yang dikaji adalah perilaku yang timbul akibat berinteraksi dengan sistem norma yang ada. Interaksi itu muncul sebagai bentuk reaksi masyarakat atas diterapkannya sebuah ketentuan perundang- undangan positif dan bisa pula dilihat prilaku masyarakat sebagai bentuk aksi dalam memengaruhi pembentukan sebuah ketentuan hukum positif. kajian sosiologi hukum adalah suatu kajian yang objeknya fenomena hukum, tetapi menggunakan optik ilmu sosial dan teori-teori sosiologis, sehingga sering disalahtafsirkan bukan hanya oleh kalangan non hukum, tetapi juga dari kalangan hukum sendiri.3. Hukum adat merupakan hukum yang tidak terkodifikasi dalam peraturan perundang- undangan nasional. Hukum adat merupakan hukum tradisional masyarakat yang merupakan perwujudan dari suatu kebutuhan hidup yang nyata serta merupakan salah satu cara pandangan hidup yang secara keseluruhannya merupakan kebudayaan masyarakat tempat hukum adat tersebut berlaku.
PENDEKATAN EMPIRIK DALAM ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM SEBAGAI BENTUK PERKEMBANGAN ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM
Authors: lailaturahmah nabila
Published: January 2022

Antropologi itu sendiri didefinisikan sebagai suatu ilmu yang mempelajari tentang manusia baik dari segi budaya, perilaku, keanekaragaman, dan lain sebagainya. Istilah antropologi berasal dari Bahasa Yunani, yaitu berasal dari kata anthropos dan logos. Anthropos berarti manusia dan logos memiliki arti cerita, atau kata, atau ilmu. Antropologi mempelajari manusia sebagai makhluk biologis sekaligus makhluk sosial. Di dalam perkembangan antropologi, masalah hukum sebenarnya juga sudah pernah ditelaah, walaupun di dalam suatu kerangka kebudayaan yang serba luas. Sarjana -sarjana antropologi seperti Barton, Radcliffe-Brown, Malinowski dan lainnya, pernah memusatkan perhatian pada hukum sebagai suatu gejala sosial-budaya. Sesudah embrio dari antropologi hukum timbul, maka pandangan para sarjana seperti Schapera, Gluckman, Hoebel, Bohannan, Pospisil, Nader dan lainnya mempunyai peranan besar di dalam perkembangan Antropologi Hukum. Pendekatan antropologi (hukum) sengaja menggeser pusat perhatian dari aturan-aturan kepada individu atau manusia sebagai aktor yang dalam mengambil keputusan mengenai perilakunya dihadapkan kepada tuntutan-tuntutan dari tatanan hukum yang dihadapinya Antropologi Hukum merupakan bagian dari Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial. Ia merupakan suatu disiplin ilmu yang berdiri sendiri, karena sudah memenuhi persyaratan sebagai suatu ilmu. Empiris (empirical). Artinya, bahwa Antropologi Hukum merupakan suatu disiplin yang didasarkan atas: (a) observasi terhadap kenyataan (social fact), (b) penggunaan akal sehat (true logic), dan (c) hasilnya tidak spekulatif (data based). Ilmu empiris pada antropologi hukum lebih menitikberatkan pada kenyataan-kenyataan hukum yang nampak dalam situasi atau peristwa hukum (law in actions) tidak hukum dalam peraturan perundang-undangan tertulis (law in book). Antropologi hukum sebagai ilmu empiris mempunyai konsekuensi bahwa teorinya harus didukung oleh fakta yang relevan atau setidaknya terwakili secara representative.
Profits Management with Classification Shifting: Testing the Impact of Discontinued Operations and Institutional Ownership on Unexpected Core Earnings
Authors: Tjun Lauw Tjun , Aryati Titik
Published: January 2022

One of the earnings managements is classification shifting. Besides extraordinary and exclusive items, the companies can discontinue their operations as the classification shifting form. This research intends to prove and analyze the influence of discontinued operations and institutional ownership on unexpected core earnings. The population is non-financial companies in the Indonesian capital market with the stopped operation from 2012 to 2017. After a simple random sampling and a regression model are utilized to sample companies and analyze data, this study infers that discontinued operations negatively affect unexpected core earnings. Unfortunately, institutional ownership does not influence it.
Market Responses Around the Publication Dates of Annual Financial Report
Authors: Julyana Julyana , Njotoprajitno Rosemarie Sutjiati , Hadianto Bram
Published: January 2022

This research intends to investigate the market efficiency in the semi-strong shape by examining the response from the market participation around the annual financial report publication dates as the event. Moreover, to attain this intention, this study uses thirty-three consumer goods companies in the Indonesian capital market between 2018 and 2020 as samples. We use the Slovin formula and simple random sampling technique separately to count and take them. Furthermore, we check the proposed hypothesis by a one-sample t-test for each response from the market during the event period, i.e., twenty-one days. Based on the examination of market reaction, we infer that this reaction happens before, on, and after the publication date of the financial report. In other words, this circumstance supports the inefficient market in this shape.
Causality Modulates Perceptual Discrimination of Apparent Motion Stimuli
Authors: Deeb Abdul , Silva Andrew Ernest , Liu Zili
Published: January 2022

Previous studies have shown that contextual information can alter judgments of apparent motion. Specifically, the presence of causal information can even override the shortest-path bias, if the shortest path is inconsistent with a causal interpretation of the motion event. While these results demonstrate that judgments of apparent motion are affected by causality, how causality modulates lower-level spatial processing is not yet understood. Moreover, it is unclear whether participant’s judgments of apparent motion are the result of perceptual processing or higher-level reasoning. Addressing these questions, we investigated whether causal information could influence discrimination sensitivity in an apparent motion display, where sensitivity was gauged via task accuracy. Our apparent motion displays involved two vertically stacked semicircular tubes, and contextual information suggested either motion through the top or bottom tube. Each tube contained a small aperture which would flash, appearing as if the launched object was briefly visible along the motion-path. However, contextual information could also be inconsistent with the flash location. In our first experiment, participants discriminated the location of the target flash under causal and non-causal conditions. In experiment 2, we compared the effect of causality with motion priming, a noncausal cue which may covary with the causal cue. In both experiments, sensitivity was most influenced by causal information, being most accurate when causality was consistent with the target flash and least accurate when causal information acted as a distractor– suggesting that the visual system generates spatial predictions of object motion during perceived causal interactions.
What is digital parenting? A systematic review of past measurement and blueprint for the future
Authors: Modecki Kathryn , Goldberg Rachel , Wisniewski Pamela , Orben Amy
Published: January 2022

Concerns about parenting adolescents are not new, but the rapid diffusion of digital technologies has heightened anxieties over digital parenting. Findings are decidedly mixed regarding the impact of digital technologies on adolescent wellbeing, and parents are left to navigate their concerns without an empirically based road map. A missing link for understanding the state of the science is a clear characterization of how digital parenting is measured, including an evaluation of which areas demand an outsized share of scientific attention, and which have been overlooked. To address this gap, we undertook two interdisciplinary systematic reviews of the digital parenting literature and characterized measurement across a) quantitative surveys (n = 145 studies) and b) qualitative focus groups and interviews (n = 49 studies). We describe previously popular areas of survey measurement that are of decreasing relevance to parenting of digital spaces (e.g., co-use, hovering). We likewise highlight areas that have been overlooked, including consideration of positive uses of digital technologies, acknowledgement of bi-directional influence, and attention to heterogeneity among families and to extra-parental social ecologies of support and monitoring. We provide recommendations for the future of digital parenting research, proposing a more comprehensive approach to measuring how we parent modern adolescents.
Where word and world meet: Language and vision share an abstract representation of symmetry
Authors: Hafri Alon , Gleitman Lila R. , Landau Barbara , Trueswell John
Published: January 2022

Symmetry is ubiquitous in nature, in logic and mathematics, and in perception, language, and thought. Although humans are exquisitely sensitive to visual symmetry (e.g., of a butterfly), symmetry in natural language goes beyond visuospatial properties: many words point to abstract concepts with symmetrical content (e.g., equal, marry). For example, if Mark marries Bill, then Bill marries Mark. In both cases (vision and language), symmetry may be formally characterized as invariance under transformation. Is this a coincidence, or is there some deeper psychological resemblance? Here we asked whether representations of symmetry correspond across language and vision. To do so, we developed a novel cross-modal matching paradigm. On each trial, participants observed a visual stimulus (either symmetrical or non-symmetrical) and had to choose between a symmetrical and non-symmetrical English predicate unrelated to the stimulus (e.g., "negotiate" vs. "propose"). In a first study with visual events (symmetrical collision or asymmetrical launch), participants reliably chose the predicate matching the event's symmetry. A second study showed that this "language-vision correspondence" generalized to objects, and was weakened when the stimuli's binary nature was made less apparent (i.e., for one object, rather than two inward-facing objects). A final study showed the same effect when nonsigners guessed English translations of signs from American Sign Language, which expresses many symmetrical concepts spatially. Taken together, our findings support the existence of an abstract representation of symmetry which humans access via both perceptual and linguistic means. More broadly, this work sheds light on the rich, structured nature of the language-cognition interface.
Understanding change in COVID-19 vaccination intention with network analysis of longitudinal data from Dutch adults
Authors: Chambon Monique , Kammeraad Wesley , van Harreveld Frenk , Dalege Jonas , Elberse Janneke , van der Maas Han
Published: January 2022

Prior research into the relationship between attitudes and vaccination intention is predominantly cross sectional and therefore does not provide insight into directions of relations. During the COVID-19 vaccines development and enrollment phase, we studied the temporal dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination intention in relation to attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and the pandemic, vaccination in general, social norms and trust. The data are derived from a longitudinal survey study with Dutch participants from a research panel (N = 744; six measurements between December 2020 and May 2021; age 18 – 84 years [M = 53.32]) and analyzed with vector-autoregression network analyses. While cross-sectional results indicated that vaccination intention was relatively strongly related to attitudes toward the vaccines, results from temporal analyses showed that vaccination intention mainly predicted other vaccination-related variables and to a lesser extent was predicted by variables. We found a weak predictive effect from social norm to vaccination intention that was not robust. This study underlines the challenge of stimulating uptake of new vaccines developed during pandemics, and the importance of examining directions of effects in research into vaccination intention.
The Next Generation of Fatigue Prediction Models: Evaluating Current Trends in Biomathematical Modelling for Safety Optimization
Authors: Wilson Micah Kate , Strickland Luke Joseph Gough , Ballard Timothy , Griffin Mark
Published: January 2022

Biomathematical models (BMMs) are parametric models that quantitatively predict fatigue and are routinely implemented in fatigue risk management systems in increasingly diverse workplaces. There have been consistent calls for an improved "next generation” of BMMs that provide more accurate and targeted predictions of human fatigue. This review examines the core characteristics of next-generation advancements in BMMs, including tailoring with field data, individual-level parameter tuning and real-time fatigue prediction, extensions to account for additional factors that influence fatigue, and emerging nonparametric methodologies that may augment or provide alternatives to BMMs. Examination of past literature and quantitative examples suggests there are notable challenges to advancing BMMs beyond their current applications. Adoption of multi-model frameworks, including quantitative joint modelling and machine learning, was identified as crucial to next-generation models. We close with general recommendations for researchers and model developers, including focusing research efforts on understanding the cognitive dynamics underpinning fatigue-related vigilance decrements, applying emerging dynamic modelling methods to fatigue data from field settings, and improving the adoption of open scientific practices in fatigue research.
Time spent playing two online shooters has no measurable effect on aggressive affect
Authors: Johannes Niklas , Vuorre Matti , Magnusson Kristoffer , Przybylski Andrew K
Published: January 2022

There is a lively debate whether playing games that feature armed combat and competition (often referred to as violent video games) has measurable effects on aggression. Unfortunately, that debate has produced insights that remain preliminary without accurate behavioral data. Here, we present a secondary analysis of the most authoritative longitudinal data set available on the issue from our previous study (Vuorre et al., 2021). We analyzed objective in-game behavior, provided by video game companies, in 2,580 players over six weeks. Specifically, we asked how time spent playing two popular online shooters, Apex Legends (PEGI 16) and Outriders (PEGI 18), affected self-reported feelings of anger (i.e., aggressive affect). We found that playing these games did not increase aggressive affect; the cross-lagged association between game time and aggressive affect was virtually zero. Our results showcase the value of obtaining accurate industry data as well as an open science of video games and mental health that allows cumulative knowledge building.
Information battleground: Conflict perceptions motivate the belief in and sharing of fake news about the adversary
Authors: Osmundsen Mathias , Petersen Michael Bang , Mazepus Honorata , Toshkov Dimiter , Dimitrova Antoaneta
Published: January 2022

Why do people disseminate fake news online? We investigate this question by focusing on the effect of perceived conflict on the endorsement of fake news in the context of a regional conflict between Russia and the West as experienced by Ukrainian citizens. In our survey experiment, a sample of Ukrainians (N= 1,615) was randomly assigned to read negative fake news stories about Russia, the European Union or Tanzania – a country with no stakes in the conflict. We find that perceived conflict between Ukraine and Russia makes Ukrainians less likely to endorse fake news targeting the European Union, but more likely to endorse fake news about Russia. This finding extends the support for motivated reasoning theory beyond Western contexts investigated so far, but also advances our understanding of why false information is disseminated and point to the importance of conflict de-escalation to prevent its diffusion.
When good people break bad: Moral impression violations in everyday life
Authors: Guan Kate , Heine Steven
Published: January 2022

(Accepted by Social Psychological and Personality Science): The present research investigated the emotional, interpersonal, and impression-updating consequences of witnessing events that violate the moral character impressions people hold of others. Across three studies, moral character-violations predicted broad disruptions to participants’ sense of meaning, confidence judging moral character, and expectations of others’ moral characters. Participants who were in real life closer to perpetrators, directly victimized, and higher in preferences for closure and behavioral stability reported more negative outcomes. Moreover, experimental manipulations showed that character-violations lead to worse outcomes than the comparable experience of encountering consistently immoral others. The authors discuss implications for research on moral perception and meaning, as well as on understanding responses to everyday revelations about people’s characters.
The Paradox of the Heavy-Handed Insurgent: Public Support for the Taliban Among Afghan Pashtuns
Authors: Kaltenthaler Karl , Kruglanski Arie W. , Knuppe Austin James
Published: January 2022

Afghanistan is a profoundly insecure country, with a very high rate of insurgent violence, affecting large swathes of the population. Despite contributing to physical and economic insecurity across the country, Taliban insurgents have succeeded in creating what we call the “paradox of the heavy-handed insurgent.” Insurgents use attacks on government-controlled areas to generate public support by fostering a reputation for effective security provision for the civilian population under its control. For civilians who have a strong unmet need for physical security—especially those in rural and contested communities—heavy-handed insurgents are preferable to government forces who are perceived as either incompetent or unwilling to provide governance. We test this argument using data from the 2018 Asia Society Survey of the Afghan People. We find that the most important factor driving sympathy for the Taliban among Afghan Pashtuns is their sense of insecurity where they live. This indicates that an insurgent group that wears down government forces and weakens their ability to provide public goods and services can actually benefit by appearing as the more viable alternative for governance despite their heavy-handed tactics.
Economic and productivity performance of tilapia and rohu carp polyculture systems in Bangladesh, Egypt, and Myanmar
Authors: Khor Ling Yee , Tran Nhuong , Shikuku Kelvin Mashisia , Campos Natalia , Zeller Manfred
Published: January 2022

Polyculture of fish is a common pond-based aquaculture system practiced by small-scale producers in developing countries to improve input use efficiency, and increase productivity and profits. We conduct a cross-country comparison to examine whether the economic and productivity benefits are seen in data of 1,651 ponds from 1,307 fish farming households in three countries: Bangladesh, Egypt, and Myanmar. Among these ponds, polyculture is the prevailing system, as it is practiced in 66% of them. The surveys of these households were completed in 2019. We use propensity score matching to match the ponds based on household and pond characteristics, so that ponds are compared with other similar ponds. Results indicate that the aquaculture revenue and profit of polyculture ponds are higher than those of monoculture ponds by US$4,993 and US$6,985, respectively, per hectare per cycle. The increase is also observed in the systems of tilapia polyculture and rohu polyculture, which are the two most common systems among the sampled farmers. The increase for rohu polyculture at US$7,992 in revenue and US$9,366 in profit per hectare per cycle is higher than the increase for tilapia polyculture at US$4,649 and US$6,649, respectively. However, tilapia polyculture farmers save more harvested fish for household consumption, by 72 kg per cycle, than farmers of other systems. The higher profits for general polyculture, tilapia polyculture, and rohu polyculture are statistically significant after controlling for country-level factors and have high critical value of gamma in the Rosenbaum sensitivity analysis, indicating that these results are robust. This analysis from fish farming households complements the results from pond experiments and can help to inform decision-making in aquaculture policy and training.
Participation in Job-related Training – Is There a Parenthood Training Penalty?
Authors: Zoch Gundula
Published: January 2022

Gender inequalities in paid and unpaid work are well documented, but patterns of advantage or disadvantage in further job-related training have been less explored. Previous cross-sectional studies indicate gender differences, with lower participation rates and shorter trainings for women, especially mothers. Based on the National Educational Panel Study for Germany (adult cohort, 2008-2020), this study is the first to examine gendered parenthood effects on participation in non-formal further job-related training using panel analyses. The results from fixed-effects regressions provide evidence of parenthood training penalties that are particularly pronounced for mothers and in the first years after the birth of their child. While fatherhood training penalties are mostly explained, motherhood gaps remain robust when accounting for a large number of time-varying characteristics. The results point towards further relevant changes in mothers’ aspirations or employer support. Thus, they underline the importance of training opportunities for reducing childbirth-related inequalities later in life.
Reappearing in Different Forms
Authors: Bines-Morris Rory
Published: January 2022

Siobhan Dowd’s novel Bog Child explores a legacy of self-sacrifice in Ireland. From a contemporary context, it explores the second hunger strike of Long Kesh prison in the 1980s and a fictionalised famine in the first century as a more ancient example. Using Kathleen Jamie’s notion of ‘surfacing’ and Oona Frawley’s ‘memory cruxes’ as launching points to explore Bog Child, this paper works to illuminate how these temporally distant events are intricately connected through an extended history of self-sacrifice and hunger in Ireland. In the process, it also explores how, in that extended history, gendered notions have crept in, how they are reinforced and how they can be challenged. Bog Child is at its core a novel about the repetition of history, and particularly of historical cultural trauma, but one that ultimately works to offer a compassionate end to this repetition, as the paper will conclude.
Effectiveness of the Use of AFO Rigid in Cases of Postoperative Diabetes Mellitus Charcot Joint
Authors: Rachmat Nur , Kusumawati Zenitha Bela Pratiwi
Published: January 2022

Charcot feet are a condition that affects the bones, joints, and soft tissues of the feet and ankles, where the initial phase is characterized by inflammation. Charcot states that joint damage is related to central nervous system damage that controls joint and bone nutrition. Repeated trauma to the denervation joint is a factor that accelerates the onset of CN. This study uses qualitative research, and the results of this study are descriptive. The results of interviews with patients. The patient cannot stand to rest on the foot. The purpose of the orthosis is for fixation. Before using a rigid AFO the patient performs his activities by way of peeling to the floor. With the use of rigid AFO this can help patients in their daily activities more independently, so as to improve the quality of life of patients.
Attitudes toward Virtual Admissions Interviews among Applicants to a Veterinary School
Authors: Shaver Stephanie L. , Foy Daniel S. , Gartrell Carla L.
Published: January 2022

Virtual interviews have gradually begun to be utilized in health professions education; however, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in virtual interviews rapidly becoming commonplace for the 2020–2021 admissions cycle. This study aimed to evaluate attitudes toward and experience with virtual interviews of applicants to a veterinary medical college. All applicants to the Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine (MWU-CVM) were provided with a link to a voluntary, anonymous survey after completing a virtual interview with the program. A 27.5% response rate (114/415) was obtained. Responses indicate widespread acceptance of virtual interviews, with respondents noting they would be more likely to interview for an out-of-state program with a virtual interview option and most feeling more positively about the program after their virtual interview. In-person interviews were preferred by 62.3% of applicants, while 32.5% favored a virtual option. Most applicants (58.8%) applied to more than six schools, indicating a major burden of cost and time associated with veterinary college applications. Students who experienced technical difficulties were less likely to feel positively about the interview (p = .01). Overall, virtual interviews were viewed favorably by applicants, although many indicated a preference for an in-person interview when possible. Prioritizing an accessible technology platform and high-quality sound input/output for interviewers may help foster a more positive virtual interview for applicants. Virtual interviews are a viable option for veterinary admissions interviews associated with a positive applicant experience.