bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Social Welfare in Program-Evaluation and Treatment Choice
Authors: Bhattacharya Debopam , Komarova Tatiana
Published: February 2024

We introduce a notion of money-metric social welfare for discrete choice, under unrestricted heterogeneity and income-effects. It is the maximized indirect utility under normalization of the outside option. It also equals the amount of income necessary to achieve a given level of utility, while certain choices are prohibited. We show that the distribution of this quantity is non-parametrically identified as a closed-form functional of average structural demand for the outside option, making it useful for cost-benefit analysis and optimal targeting. An illustration with private tuition subsidies in India shows that the income-path of usage-maximizing subsidies differs significantly from welfare-maximizing ones.
Non-Muscle Myosin IIC as a Prognostic and Therapeutic Target in Cancer
Authors: Khan Ghulam Jilany , Salman Sajal , Chen Zhu , Li Song , Chen Hui , Deng Yan , He Nongyue
Published: February 2024

Cancer metastasis is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and NMII is linked to EMT. Calcium sensitization through ROCK activates myosin II, contributing to metastasis. NMII undergoes phosphorylation at Thr18/Ser19, affecting its function and involvement in processes like exocytosis, apoptosis, and transcellular intravasations. Inhibition of myosin II ATPase activity blocks cytokinesis, highlighting its role in cell cycle regulation. NMII has distinct binding motifs and sites for regulation, including Thr18/Ser19 via kinases/phosphatases, Ser1/Ser2/Thr9 via phosphokinase C, and involvement in cytokinesis via contractile ring formation. These characteristics make NMII a potential therapeutic target. NMII-C is found to be less expressive in glioma (40% low expression, 60% high expression), not showing prognostic value. However, in stomach cancer (35–65% expression) and renal cancer (40–60% expression), NMII-C appears to have prognostic significance. NMII-C’s prognostic value has not been reported in various other cancers, including thyroid, lung, liver, colorectal, urothelial, endometrial, head and neck, melanoma, prostate, testicular, pancreatic, breast, cervical, and ovarian cancers, highlighting a need for further research in these areas. Some pharmacological agents such as Blebbistatin, DT-13, Statins, and Y27632 have shown promising potential against NMII-C in cancer therapy, with positive results in pre-clinical studies and ongoing clinical trials. Understanding the specific functions and regulation of NMII isoforms, particularly NMII-C, may provide valuable insights into the development of targeted cancer therapies. Additionally, the study suggests that NMII-C may have prognostic importance in specific cancer stages, offering a foundation for further exploration of NMII-C’s mechanisms of action for future medical interventions.
Experiences of returning to work in patients with schizophrenia after treatment: A longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: Song Jin , Zhang Yu-xin , Qin Meng-nan , Ren Jia-xin , Jia Yan-nan , Yu Hong , Zhou Yu-qiu
Published: February 2024

Background:

Returning to work (RTW) has always been regarded as one of the important indicators to evaluate the therapeutic effect of patients with schizophrenia. The existing studies on RTW in patients with schizophrenia are mostly focused on intervention measures, and the qualitative research on RTW is very limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experience of the RTW after treatment in patients with schizophrenia.

Method:

A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted involving 24 patients with schizophrenia in China. The interviews were held at three time-points during their RTW process, (1) when patients had improved and were close to discharge, (2) within 1 month post-discharge, and (3) 6 months post-discharge. The interview recordings were transcribed by the research team, and transcripts were independently analyzed by two independent coders using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results:

A total of 24 patients with schizophrenia participated in 72 personal interviews. The thematic framework based on the experience of patients with schizophrenia reveals a three-phases of the process of RTW: improved, being at a loss, and job crisis. The study identified one theme of the first phase: the expectation and optimism. Two themes in the second phase: (1) psychological distress of upcoming work; (2) expectation of assistance pre-work. And four themes in the third phase: (1) tremendous pressure of RTW; (2) lack of medical and social support; (3) social status and interpersonal relationships change; and (4) high level of financial pressure.

Conclusion:

The experience of RTW is a dynamic process with great challenges in each phase, patients with schizophrenia have been deeply affected by what they have experienced. There is an urgent need to ensure that existing community and social support is integrated into daily care to support patients with schizophrenia to RTW successful. The findings of this study also suggest relevant departments and employers should be aware of the barriers to RTW for patients with schizophrenia, and take certain measures to change the current situation.
A three degrees of freedom switchable impedance myoelectric prosthetic wrist
Authors: Capsi-Morales Patricia , Piazza Cristina , Grioli Giorgio , Bicchi Antonio , Catalano Manuel G.
Published: February 2024

Wrist mobility contributes significantly to the execution of upper limb motor tasks. Despite this, current prosthetic wrists are far less advanced than other artificial joints. Typically, prosthetic wrists offer limited degrees of freedom, if any, which forces users to execute compensatory movements during task performance. This addition increases weight and complexity, two unwelcome factors in upper limb prostheses. This article presents the design of a 3-degree-of-freedom friction-lockable prosthetic wrist actuated by a single motor. The design features adaptable behavior when unlocked, promoting a gentle interaction with the environment, and enables users to adjust the hand configuration during pre-grasping phases. The proposed system was tested, combined with a hand prosthesis, and compared to a commercial rotational wrist during the execution of functional movements. Experiments involved nine able-bodied subjects and one prosthesis user. Participants also performed the experiments with their biological wrist (the intact wrist for the prosthesis user) as a control. Results showed that the lockable wrist was used actively 20% more often than the commercial solution without compromising users’ execution time. Interaction tests reveal that compensatory movements are reduced when using the proposed design, resulting in closer resemblance to the control wrist’s performance. The average satisfaction and usability scores were significantly higher for the proposed wrist, indicating its potential acceptance. Finally, the system was validated in a set of activities of daily living performed by the prosthesis user. The study contributes to the development of more intuitive and adaptable prostheses that can improve the quality of life of amputees.
The Relationship of Exercise, Psychosocial Factors, and Social Participation Among Adults Aging With Long-Term Physical Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Morgan Kerri A. , Desai Rachel Heeb , Trocinski Courtney Weber , Hollingsworth Holly , Dashner Jessica , Putnam Michelle , Stark Susan L.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study investigated the relationships among exercise engagement, psychosocial factors, and social participation for adults aging with physical disabilities (AAwPD).

Design

A cross-sectional study within a community-based cohort study of participation among AAwPD was conducted.

Setting

A comprehensive survey was administered online or via telephone.

Participants

Participants were 474 individuals between the ages of 45-65, primarily living in the Midwestern United States, who reported living with a physical disability for at least 5 years.

Method

Survey questions created based on prior consolidation of activity domains assessed exercise engagement. Psychosocial health and social participation were measured using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and a general linear model were used to examine differences between exercisers and non-exercisers.

Results

Participants who exercised reported less pain ( P < .001), fatigue ( P < .001), and depression ( P < .001) and greater self-efficacy for management of chronic conditions ( P = .002), satisfaction with participation in social roles and activities ( P < .001), and ability to participate in social roles and activities ( P < .001) compared with non-exercising participants.

Conclusions

AAwPD who exercised reported fewer secondary conditions and greater social participation. Although causal relationships cannot be drawn, and the frequency, duration, and intensity of exercise were not examined, this study lays important groundwork for future research to determine the health and participation benefits of exercise for AAwPD. Future studies should also focus on the development of exercise interventions to support successful aging with disability.
Numerical simulation of material flow and defect formation during FSW to predict weld failure location
Authors: Choudhary Atul Kumar , Jain Rahul
Published: February 2024

Predicting the failure location of welded specimens is of importance for various industrial applications. In friction stir welding, material flow and eventually defect have an effect on the failure location. In the current work, a three-dimensional coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) is developed to study the material flow and predict defects originating during friction stir welding of AA2024 having a thickness of 3 mm. To minimize defects and achieve good weld quality, a square-shaped pin is used. The developed model is validated with experimentally observed axial force and spindle torque. Numerically predicted defects have been validated with experimental fracture locations and strength to test the robustness of the model in quantifying defects. Peak temperature increased by 10.7% when rotational speed was increased from 600 to 1500 rpm. Also, the peak temperature rise of 6.1% is observed when the welding speed is increased from 60 to 150 mm/min. Higher rotational and welding speed led to lower defects. At 1500 rpm and 150 mm/min process conditions, the highest weld strength of 447 MPa is obtained. Material flow analysis is carried out for varying process parameters; an intermixing of material flow with a zig-zag pattern is observed for 1500 rpm, indicating better material flow as compared with 600 rpm.
Physiotherapists’ moral distress: Mixed-method study reveals new insights
Authors: Inbar Noit , Doron Israel Issi , Laufer Yocheved
Published: February 2024

Background

Moral distress is a well-recognized term for emotional, cognitive, and physical reactions of  professionals, when facing conflicts between perceived obligations and institutional constraints. Though studied across medical roles, limited research exists among physiotherapists.

Research Question

What factors contribute to Moral distress among physiotherapists and how do they cope?

Objectives

To develop and test a multifaceted model of Moral distress and gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomena.

Research Design

A 2017–2022 mixed-methods study: (1) Survey of 407 physiotherapists quantitatively testing a literature-based model analyzing relationships between Moral distress, Moral sensitivity, Locus of control, Self-efficacy, Ethical climate perceptions and demographics, analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, multiple comparisons and structural equation modelling (SPSS26, SAS, AMOS); (2) Semi-structured interviews with 21 physiotherapists examining Moral distress experiences using meticulous phenomenological analysis.

Participants and Context

Israeli physiotherapists from various occupational settings recruited via professional networks.

Ethical Considerations

The Haifa University Ethics Committee authorized the study. Informed consent was obtained for the anonymous survey and before interviews regarding recording, and quote use.

Findings

Quantitative results showed moderately high average Moral distress, significantly higher among women and paediatric physiotherapists, positively correlating with Moral sensitivity. Qualitative findings revealed intense emotions around Moral distress experiences, inner conflicts between care ideals and constraints, and coping strategies like reflective skills. Senior therapists, despite higher self-efficacy and moral sensitivity, still reported persistent high distress.

Discussion

Moral distress has complex links with moral sensitivity, self-efficacy, perceived professional autonomy and organizational support. A renewed framework emerged explaining relations between moral distress and personal, professional and organizational factors.

Conclusions

Multidimensional insights help identify Moral distress causes and coping strategies among physiotherapists, advancing theory. Conclusions can shape ethics training programs and competencies.
Brand and addiction: A network analysis of scientific literature
Authors: Shekhar Suraj Kushe
Published: February 2024

Objective

The paper conducts a network analysis of the fragmented literature on brand and addiction.

Method

A thematic map, thematic evolution, word cloud, co-citation analysis, and cooperation networks were utilized to identify brand addiction study trends and topics.

Results

The data show that marketing and psychiatry have interdisciplinary groupings and multidisciplinary publications. These groups reflect societal changes, particularly the shift from traditional to digital challenges. Fast food addiction is different from alcohol and cigarette addictions due to its ease and extensive marketing. The decline in internet and gambling addiction suggests a shift in priorities.

Conclusions

This research helps researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in addiction prevention and intervention. The study also understands brand addiction and its effects on psychology, psychiatry, and management by providing insights into emerging topics, thematic maps and evolution of studies, collaboration opportunities, geographical distribution of studies, and more.
Systematic bias in representation of reaction time distribution
Authors: Onagawa Ryoji , Kudo Kazutoshi , Watanabe Katsumi
Published: February 2024

A correct perception of one’s own abilities is essential for making appropriate decisions. A well-known bias in probability perception is that rare events are overestimated. Here, we examined whether such a bias also exists for action outcomes using a simple reaction task. In Experiment 1, after completing a set of 30 trials of the simple reaction task, participants were required to judge the probability that they would be able to respond before a given reference time when performing the task next. We assessed the difference between the actual reaction times and the probability judgement and found that the represented probability distribution was more widely distributed than the actual one, suggesting that low-probability events were overestimated and high-probability events were underestimated. Experiment 2 confirmed the presence of such a bias in the representation of both one’s own and another’s reaction times. In addition, Experiment 3 showed the presence of such a bias regardless of the difference between the representation of another’s reaction times and the mere numerical representation. Furthermore, Experiment 4 found the presence of such a bias even when the information regarding actual reaction times was visually shown before the representation. The present results reveal the existence of a highly robust bias in the representation of motor performance, which reflects the ubiquitous bias in probability perception and is difficult to eliminate.
Identification of candidate regulatory genes for intramuscular fatty acid composition in pigs by transcriptome analysis
Authors: Valdés-Hernández Jesús , Folch Josep M. , Crespo-Piazuelo Daniel , Passols Magí , Sebastià Cristina , Criado-Mesas Lourdes , Castelló Anna , Sánchez Armand , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis
Published: February 2024

Background

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and its fatty acid (FA) composition are typically controlled by several genes, each with a small effect. In the current study, to pinpoint candidate genes and putative regulators involved in FA composition, we performed a multivariate integrative analysis between intramuscular FA and transcriptome profiles of porcinelongissimus dorsi(LD) muscle. We also carried out a combination of network, regulatory impact factor (RIF), in silico prediction of putative target genes, and functional analyses to better support the biological relevance of our findings.

Results

For this purpose, we used LD RNA-Seq and intramuscular FA composition profiles of 129 Iberian × Duroc backcrossed pigs. We identified 378 correlated variables (13 FA and 365 genes), including six FA (C20:4n-6, C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C18:1n-9, C18:0, and C16:1n-7) that were among the most interconnected variables in the predicted network. The detected FA-correlated genes include genes involved in lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism or in regulation of IMF deposition (e.g.,ADIPOQ,CHUK,CYCS,CYP4B1,DLD,ELOVL6,FBP1,G0S2,GCLC,HMGCR,IDH3A,LEP,LGALS12,LPIN1,PLIN1,PNPLA8,PPP1R1B,SDR16C5,SFRP5,SOD3,SNW1, andTFRC), meat quality (GALNT15,GOT1,MDH1,NEU3,PDHA1,SDHD, andUNC93A), and transport (e.g.,EXOC7andSLC44A2). Functional analysis highlighted 54 over-represented gene ontology terms, including well-known biological processes and pathways that regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. RIF analysis suggested a pivotal role for six transcription factors (CARHSP1, LBX1, MAFA, PAX7, SIX5, and TADA2A) as putative regulators of gene expression and intramuscular FA composition. Based on in silico prediction, we identified putative target genes for these six regulators. Among these,TADA2AandCARHSP1had extreme RIF scores and present novel regulators in pigs. In addition, the expression ofTADA2Acorrelated (either positively or negatively) with C20:4n-6, C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C18:1n-9, and that ofCARHSP1correlated (positively) with the C16:1n-7 lipokine. We also found that these two transcription factors share target genes that are involved in lipid metabolism (e.g.,GOT1,PLIN1, andTFRC).

Conclusions

This integrative analysis of muscle transcriptome and intramuscular FA profile revealed valuable information about key candidate genes and potential regulators for FA and lipid metabolism in pigs, among which some transcription factors are proposed to control gene expression and modulate FA composition differences.
Response mechanism of carbon metabolism of Pinus massoniana to gradient high temperature and drought stress
Authors: Li Liangliang , Li Yan , Ding Guijie
Published: February 2024

Background

The carbon metabolism pathway is of paramount importance for the growth and development of plants, exerting a pivotal regulatory role in stress responses. The exacerbation of drought impacts on the plant carbon cycle due to global warming necessitates comprehensive investigation into the response mechanisms of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), an exemplary pioneer drought-tolerant tree, thereby establishing a foundation for predicting future forest ecosystem responses to climate change.

Results

The seedlings of Masson Pine were utilized as experimental materials in this study, and the transcriptome, metabolome, and photosynthesis were assessed under varying temperatures and drought intensities. The findings demonstrated that the impact of high temperature and drought on the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of Masson Pine seedlings was more pronounced compared to individual stressors. The analysis of transcriptome data revealed that the carbon metabolic pathways of Masson Pine seedlings were significantly influenced by high temperature and drought co-stress, with a particular impact on genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. The metabolome analysis revealed that only trehalose and Galactose 1-phosphate were specifically associated with the starch and sucrose metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the trehalose metabolic heat map was constructed by integrating metabolome and transcriptome data, revealing a significant increase in trehalose levels across all three comparison groups. Additionally, the PmTPS1, PmTPS5, and PmTPPD genes were identified as key regulatory genes governing trehalose accumulation.

Conclusions

The combined effects of high temperature and drought on photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, transcriptome, and metabolome were more pronounced than those induced by either high temperature or drought alone. Starch and sucrose metabolism emerged as the pivotal carbon metabolic pathways in response to high temperature and drought stress in Masson pine. Trehalose along with PmTPS1, PmTPS5, and PmTPPD genes played crucial roles as metabolites and key regulators within the starch and sucrose metabolism.
How has our primary-care NHS-IAPT provision for PTSD adapted to the pandemic? A service evaluation of recovery pre-COVID-19 and peri-COVID-19
Authors: Skilbeck Lilian , Antonie Daniela , Crane Stephen
Published: February 2024

Background

Mental health issues have been an ongoing major cause of global disability exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The unique challenges have been the high contagiousness of COVID-19 and atypical PTSD presentations e.g., ICU-PTSD. This has led to increased demand on mental health services which have had to vary their provision for example working remotely vs. the traditional face-to-face. The pandemic has also exposed the preexisting health inequalities related to sociodemographic variables. In the UK, NHS-IAPT is the main primary-care provider which has suffered these repercussions. Research from COVID-19 and previous viral outbreaks has estimated an increase in the prevalence of PTSD. Although services have been urged to monitor their provision, research on PTSD remains scanty. The current NHS-IAPT service was concerned about these ramifications of the pandemic and also wished to address the gap in the research. The aim was to conduct an evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 on PTSD recovery. The first question evaluated the impact, and the second question evaluated the associated variables.

Methods

The study employed a quantitative data analysis method. Data were extracted and analysed from the electronic database, IAPTus. The study evaluated PTSD recovery rates during pre-pandemic and peri-pandemic periods. The comparisons determined the impact of the pandemic as well as what recovery variables were significant. The data were analysed statistically using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (t-test and Chi-square). The data were analyzed in reference to the national NHS-IAPT standards via NHS-Digital.

Results

The findings suggest that the pandemic had no significant impact on overall PTSD recovery rates, which also aligned with the national standards. These recovery rates fell below the target national standard of 50% regardless of the pandemic. Several client, service and treatment variables were shown to be associated with PTSD recovery rates.

Conclusions

This evaluation highlights a pre-existing problem around the persistently low PTSD recovery rates. It also identifies variables that warrant further research in order to improve PTSD service-provision and mitigate any long-term pandemic impacts. This study also provides information for other services wishing to enhance their PTSD recovery rates.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA improves the early diagnosis of suspected infections
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liang Ruobing , Zhu Yunzhu , Hu Lifen , Xia Han , Li Jiabin , Ye Ying
Published: February 2024

Background

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) could improve the diagnosed efficiency of pathogens in bloodstream infections or sepsis. Little is known about the clinical impact of mNGS test when used for the early diagnosis of suspected infections. Herein, our main objective was to assess the clinical efficacy of utilizing blood samples to perform mNGS for early diagnosis of suspected infections, as well as to evaluate its potential in guiding antimicrobial therapy decisions.

Methods

In this study, 212 adult hospitalized patients who underwent blood mNGS test in the early stage of suspected infections were enrolled. Diagnostic efficacy of mNGS test and blood culture was compared, and the clinical impact of mNGS on clinical care was analyzed.

Results

In our study, the total detection rate of blood mNGS was significantly higher than that of culture method (74.4% vs. 12.1%, P < 0.001) in the paired mNGS test and blood culture. Blood stream infection (107, 67.3%) comprised the largest component of all the diseases in our patients, and the detection rate of single blood sample subgroup was similar with that of multiple type of samples subgroup. Among the 187 patients complained with fever, there was no difference in the diagnostic efficacy of mNGS when blood specimens or additional other specimens were used in cases presenting only with fever. While, when patients had other symptoms except fever, the performance of mNGS was superior in cases with specimens of suspected infected sites and blood collected at the same time. Guided by mNGS results, therapeutic regimens for 70.3% cases (149/212) were changed, and the average hospitalized days were significantly shortened in cases with the earlier sampling time of admission.

Conclusion

In this study, we emphasized the importance of blood mNGS in early infectious patients with mild and non-specific symptoms. Blood mNGS can be used as a supplement to conventional laboratory examination, and should be performed as soon as possible to guide clinicians to perform appropriate anti-infection treatment timely and effectively. Additionally, combining the contemporaneous samples from suspected infection sites could improve disease diagnosis and prognoses. Further research needs to be better validated in large-scale clinical trials to optimize diagnostic protocol, and the cost-utility analysis should be performed.
Case report: atypical presentation of mpox with massive hematochezia and prolonged viral shedding despite tecovirimat treatment
Authors: Shin Sung Un , Jung Younggon , Kim Seong Eun , Kim Dong Min
Published: February 2024

Background

The outbreak of mpox that occurred between 2022 and 2023 is primarily being transmitted through sexual contact. As of now, there is no consensus on the recommended duration of isolation to prevent sexual transmission of the virus. Moreover, this particular mpox outbreak has presented with distinct complications in comparison to previous occurrences. In this report, we present a case involving severe rectal bleeding from an ulcer in a mpox patient with a history of engaging in receptive sexual contact.

Case presentation

A 30-year-old Korean man presented at the hospital with complaints of fever, multiple skin lesions, and anal pain. Monkeypox virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were positive for skin lesions on the penis and wrist. The patient received a 12-day course of tecovirimat due to anal symptoms and perianal skin lesions. Following isolation for 12 days and after all skin scabs had naturally fallen off, with no new skin lesions emerging for a consecutive 48 hours—conforming to the criteria of the Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency—the patient was discharged. However, 1 day after discharge, the patient returned to the hospital due to hematochezia. His hemoglobin level had significantly dropped from 14.0 g/dL to 8.2 g/dL. Sigmoidoscopy unveiled a sizable rectal ulceration with exposed blood vessels, prompting the application of hemostasis through metal clipping. Subsequent monkeypox virus real-time PCR conducted on rectal tissue and swabs yielded positive results (with cycle threshold values of 28.48 and 31.23, respectively). An abdominal CT scan exposed a perirectal abscess, for which ampicillin-sulbactam was administered.

Conclusion

This case underscores the importance of monitoring for bleeding complications and confirming the resolution of rectal lesions before discharging patients from isolation, particularly in cases where patients have a history of engaging in receptive sexual contact with men or are presenting with anal symptoms.
Nomogram incorporating prognostic immune-inflammatory-nutritional score for survival prediction in pancreatic cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhou Hongkun , Li Huangbao , Zhao Fengqing , Tong Kun
Published: February 2024

Background

Prognosis prediction for pancreatic cancer has always been difficult in clinical practice because of its high heterogeneity and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess the value of prognostic immune-inflammatory-nutritional (PIIN) score on overall survival (OS) in postoperative patients with pancreatic cancer and to develop a nomogram incorporating PIIN score.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed the clinic pathological data of 155 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent radical surgery. PIIN score was calculated by measuring the fibrinogen (FIB), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score, and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Patients were divided into two groups by PIIN score levels over a threshold of 37.2. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the Cox regression analysis model. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to compare the prognostic values of the scoring systems. Finally, a nomogram based on PIIN score was constructed and validated.

Results

Multivariate regression analysis showed that PIIN score (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.171, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.207–3.906, P = 0.010), lymphovascular invasion (HR = 1.663, 95% CI = 1.081–2.557, P = 0.021), poor tumor grade (HR = 2.577, 95% CI = 1.668–3.982, P < 0.001), bad TNM stage (I vs. II: HR = 1.791, 95% CI = 1.103–2.906, P = 0.018; I vs. III: HR = 4.313, 95% CI = 2.365–7.865, P < 0.001) and without adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 0.552, 95% CI = 0.368–0.829, P = 0.004) were independent risk factors for OS. The time-dependent ROC curves revealed that PIIN score was better than the other scoring systems in predicting survival prognosis. And last, the nomogram established from independent factors such as PIIN score had good predictive power for OS. The ROC curve results showed that the AUC values for 1, 3 and 5 years were 0.826, 0.798 and 0.846, respectively. The calibration plots showed the superior clinical applicability of the nomogram.

Conclusion

The nomogram model based on PIIN score can be utilized as one of the prognosis stratifications as well as postoperative follow-up for the development of individual treatment for pancreatic cancer.
Oridonin-induced ferroptosis and apoptosis: a dual approach to suppress the growth of osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Zhang Feifan , Hao Yang , Yang Ning , Liu Man , Luo Yage , Zhang Ying , Zhou Jian , Liu Hongjian , Li Jitian
Published: February 2024

Background

Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common aggressive bone malignancy tumors in adolescents. With the application of new chemotherapy regimens, finding new and effective anti-OS drugs to coordinate program implementation is urgent for the patients of OS. Oridonin had been proved to mediate anti-tumor effect on OS cells, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

The effects of oridonin on the viability, clonal formation and migration of 143B and U2OS cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assays and wound-healing test. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was used to explore the mechanism of oridonin on OS. Western blot (WB), real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis and ferroptosis-relative proteins and genes. Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit and flow cytometry examination were used to detect the level of apoptosis. Iron assay kit was used to evaluate the relative Fe2+ content. The levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and lipid peroxidation production was determined by mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit and ROS assay kit.

Results

Oridonin could effectively inhibit the survival, clonal formation and metastasis of OS cells. The KEGG results indicated that oridonin is associated with the malignant phenotypic signaling pathways of proliferation, migration, and drug resistance in OS. Oridonin was capable of inhibiting expressions of BAX, cl-caspase3, SLC7A11, GPX4 and FTH1 proteins and mRNA, while promoting the expressions of Bcl-2 and ACSL4 in 143B and U2OS cells. Additionally, we found that oridonin could promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe2+ in OS cells, as well as reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, and these effects could be significantly reversed by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1).

Conclusion

Oridonin can trigger apoptosis and ferroptosis collaboratively in OS cells, making it a promising and effective agent for OS therapy.
Efficacy of virtual reality-based training programs and games on the improvement of cognitive disorders in patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moulaei Khadijeh , Sharifi Hamid , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz , Dinari Fatemeh
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Cognitive impairments present challenges for patients, impacting memory, attention, and problem-solving abilities. Virtual reality (VR) offers innovative ways to enhance cognitive function and well-being. This study explores the effects of VR-based training programs and games on improving cognitive disorders.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched until May 20, 2023. Two researchers selected and extracted data based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resolving disagreements through consultation with two other authors. Inclusion criteria required studies of individuals with any cognitive disorder engaged in at least one VR-based training session, reporting cognitive impairment data via scales like the MMSE. Only English-published RCTs were considered, while exclusion criteria included materials not primarily focused on the intersection of VR and cognitive disorders. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the MMAT tool. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. The collected data were utilized to calculate the standardized mean differences (Hedges’s g) between the treatment and control groups. The heterogeneity variance was estimated using the Q test and I2 statistic. The analysis was conducted using Stata version 17.0.

Results

Ten studies were included in the analysis out of a total of 3,157 retrieved articles. VR had a statistically significant improvement in cognitive impairments among patients (Hedges’s g = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.68; p_value = 0.05). games (Hedges’s g = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.39; p_value = 0.20) had a more significant impact on cognitive impairment improvement compared to cognitive training programs (Hedges’s g = 0.29, 95% CI: -0.11, 0.69; p_value = 0.24). The type of VR intervention was a significant moderator of the heterogeneity between studies.

Conclusion

VR-based interventions have demonstrated promise in enhancing cognitive function and addressing cognitive impairment, highlighting their potential as valuable tools in improving care for individuals with cognitive disorders. The findings underscore the relevance of incorporating virtual reality into therapeutic approaches for cognitive disorders.
Association between metabolic syndrome and myocardial infarction among patients with excess body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sedaghat Zahra , Khodakarim Soheila , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Sabour Siamak
Published: February 2024

Background

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Controversial views exist over the effects of metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes on CVDs. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and myocardial infarction (MI) among individuals with excess body weight (EBW).

Methods

We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases as of December 9, 2023. Cohort studies involving patients with overweight or obesity that reported the relevant effect measures for the association between metabolic syndrome and MI were included. We excluded studies with incomplete or unavailable original data, reanalysis of previously published data, and those that did not report the adjusted effect sizes. We used the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for quality assessment. Random-effect model meta-analysis was performed. Publication bias was assessed by Begg’s test.

Results

Overall, nine studies comprising a total of 61,104 participants were included. There was a significant positive association between metabolic syndrome and MI among those with obesity (hazard ratio (HR): 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27, 2.22). Subgroup analysis showed higher HRs for obesity (1.72; 1.03, 2.88) than overweight (1.58; 1.-13-2.21). Meta-regression revealed no significant association between nationality and risk of MI (p = 0.75). All studies had high qualities. There was no significant publication bias (p = 0.42).

Conclusions

Metabolic syndrome increased the risk of MI in those with EBW. Further studies are recommended to investigate other risk factors of CVDs in EBW, in order to implement preventive programs to reduce the burden of CVD in obesity.
Migrant men and HIV care engagement in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Nardell Maria Francesca , Govathson Caroline , Mngadi-Ncube Sithabile , Ngcobo Nkosinathi , Letswalo Daniel , Lurie Mark , Miot Jacqui , Long Lawrence , Katz Ingrid Theresa , Pascoe Sophie
Published: February 2024

Background

South Africa (SA) has one of the highest rates of migration on the continent, largely comprised of men seeking labor opportunities in urban centers. Migrant men are at risk for challenges engaging in HIV care. However, rates of HIV and patterns of healthcare engagement among migrant men in urban Johannesburg are poorly understood.

Methods

We analyzed data from 150 adult men (≥ 18 years) recruited in 10/2020–11/2020 at one of five sites in Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, SA where migrants typically gather for work, shelter, transit, or leisure: a factory, building materials store, homeless shelter, taxi rank, and public park. Participants were surveyed to assess migration factors (e.g., birth location, residency status), self-reported HIV status, and use and knowledge of HIV and general health services. Proportions were calculated with descriptive statistics. Associations between migration factors and health outcomes were examined with Fisher exact tests and logistic regression models. Internal migrants, who travel within the country, were defined as South African men born outside Gauteng Province. International migrants were defined as men born outside SA.

Results

Two fifths (60/150, 40%) of participants were internal migrants and one fifth (33/150, 22%) were international migrants. More internal migrants reported living with HIV than non-migrants (20% vs 6%, p = 0.042), though in a multi-variate analysis controlling for age, being an internal migrant was not a significant predictor of self-reported HIV positive status. Over 90% all participants had undergone an HIV test in their lifetime. Less than 20% of all participants had heard of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), with only 12% international migrants having familiarity with PrEP. Over twice as many individuals without permanent residency or citizenship reported “never visiting a health facility,” as compared to citizens/permanent residents (28.6% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.073).

Conclusions

Our study revealed a high proportion of migrants within our community-based sample of men and demonstrated a need for HIV and other healthcare services that effectively reach migrants in Johannesburg. Future research is warranted to further disaggregate this heterogenous population by different dimensions of mobility and to understand how to design HIV programs in ways that will address migrants’ challenges.
Gait analysis of a patient after femoral nerve and malignant soft tissue tumor resections: a case report
Authors: Kubota Yuta , Tsubouchi Yuta , Anan Masaya , Kawano Masanori , Iwasaki Tatsuya , Itonaga Ichiro , Ikeda Shinichi , Kataoka Masashi , Tsumura Hiroshi , Kaku Nobuhiro , Tanaka Kazuhiro
Published: February 2024

Background

Malignant femoral soft tissue tumors are occasionally resected together with the femoral nerves, but this can cause loss of knee extensor muscle activity. To the best of our knowledge, no previous reports have detailed the gait analysis of such cases in combination with electromyography. Herein, we report the gait analysis of a patient who underwent left groin synovial sarcoma and left femoral nerve resection 12 years ago.

Case presentation

We analyzed the gait of a 38-year-old man who was able to walk unaided after the resection of a synovial sarcoma in the left groin together with the ipsilateral femoral nerve. The muscle activities of the affected medial (MH) and lateral hamstrings (LH), and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius (GL) were increased during 50–75% of the stance phase. The hip flexion angle of the affected limb was smaller, and the ankle plantar flexion angle of the affected limb was larger than that of the non-affected limb. This means that in the affected limb, the hip and ankle angles were adjusted to prevent knee collapse, and the MH, LH, and GL muscles contributed in the mid- and late-stance phases. Moreover, we found that the hamstring and gastrocnemius of the affected limb worked together to keep the ipsilateral knee extended in the mid-stance phase and slightly flexed in the late-stance phase.

Conclusions

Patients capable of walking after femoral nerve resection may control their hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles collaboratively to prevent ipsilateral knee collapse in the mid- and late-stance phases.
N-acetylcysteine as a novel methacrylate-based resin cement component: effect on cell apoptosis and genotoxicity in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Liping , Huang Zelun , Ge Lingu , Shi Jianwei
Published: February 2024

Background

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduces the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by monomers leached from dental composite resins. Herein, we investigated the effects of methacrylate-based resin cement used in dental implant restoration on apoptosis and genotoxicity, as well as the antiapoptotic and antigenotoxic capabilities of its component, NAC.

Methods

The antioxidant NAC (0.1 or 1 wt.%) was experimentally incorporated into the methacrylate-based dental resin cement Premier®. The Premier® + NAC (0.1 or 1 wt.%) mixture was subsequently immersed into Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium for 72 h, and used to treat human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The viability of HGFs was determined using the XTT assay. The formation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-strand breaks (DNA-DSBs) was determined using a γ-H2AX assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycles were detected and analyzed using flow cytometry.

Results

The eluate of Premier® significantly inhibited HGF proliferation in vitro by promoting a G1-phase cell cycle arrest, resulting in cell apoptosis. Significant ROS production and DNA-DSB induction were also found in HGFs exposed to the eluate. Incorporating NAC (1 wt.%) into Premier® was found to reduce cell cytotoxicity, the percentage of G1-phase cells, cell apoptosis, ROS production, and DNA-DSB induction.

Conclusion

Incorporating NAC (1 wt.%) into methacrylate-based resin cement Premier® decreases the cell cytotoxicity, ROS production, and DNA-DSBs associated with resin use, and further offers protective effects against the early stages of cell apoptosis and G1-phase cell cycle arrest in HGFs. Overall, our in vitro results indicate that the addition of NAC into methacrylate-based resin cements may have clinically beneficial effects on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of these materials.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes of oligohydramnios in late term and post term pregnancies at public hospitals in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shiferaw Matiyas Asrat , Solomon Ananya , Getachew Sintayehu , Gudu Wondimu
Published: February 2024

Background

The prevalence of oligohydramnios ranges from 12 to 14% after 41 weeks to as high as 30% in post term pregnancies. Oligohydramnios poses a dilemma in the choice of mode of labor and delivery in a setup where there is lack of continuous electronic fetal monitoring during labor. The condition also puts the mother at risks of operative interventions and cesarean delivery. We aimed to asses the maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with oligohydramnios in late term and post term pregnancy in this study.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers with diagnosis of oligohydramnios after 40+ 6 weeks of gestation at four hospitals at four public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from May 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Logistic regression were performed to assess factors associated with the adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Results

From a total of 142 mothers with oligohydramnios in late term and post tem pregnancies, 40.8% delivered through cesarean section. Spontaneous labor and elective cesarean section were more likely to occurr in parous women (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.06–6.04, p = 0.04), but with less likely in those with secondary level education (AOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02–0.74, p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse outcomes between those who had induction of labor and those who had either spontaneous labor or had elective cesarean section.

Conclusions

The adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in late term and post term pregnancies with oligohydramnios may not be different among different modes of delivery. Induction of labor can be safe in these particular group of women with intermittent auscultation with fetoscope in a setup where continuous electronic fetal monitoring is not readily available.
Targeted drug delivery using nanobodies to deliver effective molecules to breast cancer cells: the most attractive application of nanobodies
Authors: Abdolvahab Mohadeseh Haji , Karimi Pegah , Mohajeri Nasrin , Abedini Mohammad , Zare Hamed
Published: February 2024

Targeted drug delivery is one of the attractive ways in which cancer treatment can significantly reduce side effects. In the last two decades, the use of antibodies as a tool for accurate detection of cancer has been noted. On the other hand, the binding of drugs and carriers containing drugs to the specific antibodies of cancer cells can specifically target only these cells. However, the use of whole antibodies brings challenges, including their large size, the complexity of conjugation, the high cost of production, and the creation of immunogenic reactions in the body. The use of nanobodies, or VHHs, which are a small part of camel heavy chain antibodies, is very popular due to their small size, high craftsmanship, and low production cost. In this article, in addition to a brief overview of the structure and characteristics of nanobodies, the use of this molecule in the targeted drug delivery of breast cancer has been reviewed.