bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISAR Image Quality Assessment Based on Visual Attention Model
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhao Zhicheng , Tian Xilan
Published: February 2025

The quality of ISAR (Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar) images has a significant impact on the detection and recognition of targets. Therefore, ISAR image quality assessment is a fundamental prerequisite and primary link in the utilization of ISAR images. Previous ISAR image quality assessment methods typically extract hand-crafted features or use simple multi-layer networks to extract local features. Hand-crafted features and local features from networks usually lack the global information of ISAR images. Furthermore, most deep neural networks obtain feature representations by abridging the prediction quality score and the ground truth, neglecting to explore the strong correlations between features and quality scores in the stage of feature extraction. This study proposes a Gramin Transformer to explore the similarity and diversity of features extracted from different images, thus obtaining features containing quality-related information. The Gramin matrix of features is computed to obtain the score token through the self-attention layer. It prompts the network to learn more discriminative features, which are closely associated with quality scores. Despite the Transformer architecture’s ability to extract global information, the Channel Attention Block (CAB) can capture complementary information from different channels in an image, aggregating and mining information from these channels to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of ISAR images. ISAR images are formed from target scattering points with a background containing substantial silent noise, and the Inter-Region Attention Block (IRAB) is utilized to extract local scattering point features, which decide the clarity of target. In addition, extensive experiments are conducted on the ISAR image dataset (including space stations, ships, aircraft, etc.). The evaluation results of our method on the dataset are significantly superior to those of traditional feature extraction methods and existing image quality assessment methods.
A Study on Model Training Strategies for Speaker-Independent and Vocabulary-Mismatched Dysarthric Speech Recognition
Authors: Qi Jinzi , Van hamme Hugo
Published: February 2025

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems often struggle to recognize speech from individuals with dysarthria, a speech disorder with neuromuscular causes, with accuracy declining further for unseen speakers and content. Achieving robustness for such situations requires ASR systems to address speaker-independent and vocabulary-mismatched scenarios, minimizing user adaptation effort. This study focuses on comprehensive training strategies and methods to tackle these challenges, leveraging the transformer-based Wav2Vec2.0 model. Unlike prior research, which often focuses on limited datasets, we systematically explore training data selection strategies across diverse source types (languages, canonical vs. dysarthric, and generic vs. in-domain) in a speaker-independent setting. For the under-explored vocabulary-mismatched scenarios, we evaluate conventional methods, identify their limitations, and propose a solution that uses phonological features as intermediate representations for phone recognition to address these gaps. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach enhances recognition across dysarthric datasets in both speaker-independent and vocabulary-mismatched settings. By integrating advanced transfer learning techniques with the innovative use of phonological features, this study addresses key challenges for dysarthric speech recognition, setting a new benchmark for robustness and adaptability in the field.
Effect of Scenedesmus deserticola JD052 Extracts on Hair Inductivity by Regulating the AKT and GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways in Human Dermal Papilla Cells
Authors: Shin Hee-Jae , Jeong Seok-Yun , Park Seokmuk , Bae Seunghee
Published: February 2025

The extract of Scenedesmus deserticola JD052 has been reported to exhibit anti-aging effects on the skin, with research indicating an increase in loliolide, a major active component, through heterotrophic cultivation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of extracts obtained from both photoautotrophic (PE) and heterotrophic (HE) cultures on hair-inductive properties in human dermal papilla (HDP) cells. Biochemical assays demonstrated that both extracts enhanced HDP cell viability and increased the size of three-dimensional dermal papilla (DP) spheres. Notably, the activation of β-catenin, a crucial marker associated with hair growth, was assessed using a luciferase reporter assay, revealing that HE exhibited a significantly higher efficacy than PE. Further analyses indicated that HE promoted the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus through the phosphorylation and activation of AKT, which also elevated the expression levels of DP signature genes and hair-growth-related autocrine factors. Additionally, conditioned media from HE-treated HDP cells enhanced keratinocyte migration and increased the expression of growth factors, including VEGF and IGF-1. HPLC-MS analysis showed no significant difference in loliolide content; however, specific peaks in HE were identified as pheophorbide A and linolelaidic acid. Thus, HE may enhance hair growth inductivity via AKT/β-catenin signaling.
Regionalization and Analysis of Precipitation Variations in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Wang Wei , Guo Jiao
Published: February 2025

Precipitation data from 104 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia from 1960 to 2018 were analyzed to examine the regionalization and characteristics of precipitation variations. Using rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) analysis and K-means clustering, Inner Mongolia was divided into six precipitation subregions: the northeastern Hulunbuir area (subregion I); most of Hinggan League, northern Xilin Gol League, and northwestern Tongliao City (subregion II); most of Tongliao City and Chifeng City and east–central and southern Xilin Gol League (subregion III); southern Xilin Gol League, north–central Ulan Chab City, northern Hohhot City, most of Baotou City and north–central Bayannur City (subregion IV); Ordos City, southern Bayannur, and southeastern Alxa League (subregion V); and west–central Alxa League and parts of western Bayannur City (subregion VI). Precipitation showed a spatial gradient with higher annual averages in the east (400.85 mm in subregion I) and lower averages in the west (90.65 mm in subregion VI). From 1960 to 2018, precipitation exhibited an overall increasing trend consistent across the subregions. However, most regions showed decreasing trends from 1990 to 2010. The rate of precipitation change varied significantly across the subregions, reflecting distinct spatial dynamics.
Comprehensive Investigation of the Durability of Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Frequency Regulation Conditions
Authors: Tian Yuxin , Wang Liye , Liao Chenglin , Yan Guifu
Published: February 2025

Due to the large-scale use of renewable energy generation and its lack of inertia, the frequency of the grid is extremely unstable. At the same time, with the vigorous development of new energy vehicles, large-scale power batteries have huge potential for renewable energy consumption. In this context, the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) method is proposed. Electric vehicles are used as energy storage systems to provide frequency regulation services as flexible power grid resources. However, when electric vehicles are invested in large-scale frequency regulation, their own power battery durability will also be affected. Based on this problem, the pseudo-two-dimensions (P2D) model of the battery was established in this paper, and the effects of temperature, state of charge (SOC), reported power, and frequency regulation conditions on battery capacity attenuation and negative potential distribution were explored through experiments and simulations.
Forecasting Battery Cell Production in Europe: A Risk Assessment Model
Authors: Wicke Tim , Weymann Lukas , Neef Christoph , Tübke Jens
Published: February 2025

The increase in battery demand, particularly from the mobility sector, has resulted in a significant increase in the required production capacities. Europe is facing a large-scale expansion of production capacities. Currently, the battery cell demand in the region accounts for approximately 25% of global demand, while only 10% of global production capacities are located there. This has motivated the announcement of a large number of production projects of over 2 TWh by 2030, which would mean overcapacity compared to projected European cell demand. In recent years, however, many of the announced Gigafactories have been delayed or cancelled. This paper aims to develop a risk assessment model for forecasting realistic future capacities for battery cell production in Europe. The proposed model combines an evaluation of industry announcements at the project level with a Monte Carlo simulation to translate the announced production projects into a European production capacity forecast. Therefore, the likelihood of implementation for individual projects is analysed within 11 topics (company, country and maturity related) and scenarios for future European production capacities are elaborated. Model validation indicates that from 54% to 75% of the announced capacities in Europe are likely to be realised (approx. 1.2 GWh–1.7 GWh by 2030). The majority of battery production projects announced in Europe are still in the planning phase (66%) with Germany, France, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe emerging as key regions. The modelling of production capacities predicts that dependency on cell imports to Europe will be reduced compared to today.
Unlocking Gamete Quality Through Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Perspectives
Authors: Dlamini Notsile H. , Bridi Alessandra , da Silveira Juliano Coelho , Feugang Jean M.
Published: February 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining recognition for their essential role in enhancing gamete quality and improving outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies. These nanosized particles, released by cells, carry proteins, lipids, and RNAs, facilitating critical cell communication and offering the potential to enhance gamete maturation and improve fertilization rates. Most research on males has concentrated on seminal plasma, a complex fluid produced by the testes and accessory glands vital in modulating sperm fertility potential. The components of seminal plasma significantly affect sperm functionality, embryo survival, and placental development, making this a prominent area of interest in reproductive biology. The EVs within seminal plasma contribute to maintaining sperm membrane stability, enhancing motility, and promoting capacitation, which may influence the female reproductive tract following mating. In females, EVs have been identified in both the follicular and uterine environments, where effective embryo–maternal communication is crucial. The oviduct epithelium supports gamete transport and early embryonic development, with EVs found in oviductal fluid playing a key role in reproductive processes. These EVs support the embryo’s growth in the nutrient-rich uterine environment. These important studies underscore the significant role of EVs in transporting essential molecular compounds to gametes and embryos, leading to an enhanced understanding and potential manipulation of reproductive processes. This review aims to summarize the current research on the benefits of EVs in gamete manipulation and embryo development, highlighting their promising implications for reproductive health.
Protective Effects of Centella asiatica Against Senescence and Apoptosis in Epidermal Cells
Authors: Tan Yu , Hu Ailing , Lu Jingya , Lin Yunhai , Li Xuejing , Yamaguchi Takuji , Tabuchi Masahiro , Kawakami Zenji , Ikarashi Yasushi , Kobayashi Hiroyuki
Published: February 2025

Centella asiatica, a traditional medicinal plant, possesses potent antioxidant activity and may therefore prevent cellular aging and exert antiapoptotic effects. However, these effects remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of C. asiatica extract against cellular senescence and apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). To evaluate the effects of H2O2 and C. asiatica on HaCaT cells, we measured cell viability as a marker of cell death; reactive oxygen species (ROS), radical scavenging, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase activities as markers of oxidative stress; senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity as a marker of cellular senescence; and caspase-3/9 activities and apoptotic cells as markers of apoptosis. H2O2 induced cell death (decreased cell viability), oxidative stress (increased ROS activity, decreased radical scavenging, SOD, GPx, and catalase activities), cellular senescence (increased SA-β-gal activity), and apoptosis (increased early/late apoptotic cells and increased caspase-3/9 activities). C. asiatica significantly decreased all markers of H2O2-induced cell death, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and apoptosis, suggesting its ability to prevent cellular senescence and apoptosis through its antioxidant activity. This mechanism of action may contribute to the prevention and improvement of skin aging.
Integrated Omics Insights into Dapagliflozin Effects in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lai Weiwei , Liu Li , Wang Shuhang , Liu Yancun , Chai Yanfen
Published: February 2025

Background: Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a life-threatening cardiac complication of sepsis with limited therapeutic options. Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has demonstrated cardioprotective effects in heart failure, but its role in mitigating sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to assess the impact of pre-hospital dapagliflozin use on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and survival in patients with SIC. Additionally, a murine SIC model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to evaluate the effects of dapagliflozin on cardiac function, histopathology, and biomarkers of myocardial injury. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling, combined with multi-omics integration, was employed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying dapagliflozin’s cardioprotective effects. Results: In the clinical cohort, pre-hospital dapagliflozin use was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of MACE and improved survival outcomes. In the murine SIC model, dapagliflozin restored cardiac function, reduced biomarkers of myocardial injury, and alleviated histological damage. Multi-omics analysis revealed that dapagliflozin modulates inflammatory responses, enhances autophagy, and regulates metabolic pathways such as AMPK signaling and lipid metabolism. Key regulatory genes and metabolites were identified, providing mechanistic insights into the underlying actions of dapagliflozin. Conclusions: Dapagliflozin significantly improves cardiac outcomes in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy through the multi-level regulation of inflammation, energy metabolism, and cellular survival pathways. These findings establish dapagliflozin as a promising therapeutic strategy for SIC, offering translational insights into the treatment of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Efficient Online Controller Tuning for Omnidirectional Mobile Robots Using a Multivariate-Multitarget Polynomial Prediction Model and Evolutionary Optimization
Authors: Rojas-López Alam Gabriel , Villarreal-Cervantes Miguel Gabriel , Rodríguez-Molina Alejandro , Paredes-Ballesteros Jesús Aldo
Published: February 2025

The growing reliance on mobile robots has resulted in applications where users have limited or no control over operating conditions. These applications require advanced controllers to ensure the system’s performance by dynamically changing its parameters. Nowadays, online bioinspired controller tuning approaches are among the most successful and innovative tools for dealing with uncertainties and disturbances. Nevertheless, these bioinspired approaches present a main limitation in real-world applications due to the extensive computational resources required in their exhaustive search when evaluating the controller tuning of complex dynamics. This paper develops an online bioinspired controller tuning approach leveraging a surrogate modeling strategy for an omnidirectional mobile robot controller. The polynomial response surface method is incorporated as an identification stage to model the system and predict its behavior in the tuning stage of the indirect adaptive approach. The comparative analysis concerns state-of-the-art controller tuning approaches, such as online, offline robust, and offline non-robust approaches, based on bioinspired optimization. The results show that the proposal reduces its computational load by up to 62.85% while maintaining the controller performance regarding the online approach under adverse uncertainties and disturbances. The proposal also increases the controller performance by up to 93% compared to offline tuning approaches. Then, the proposal retains its competitiveness on mobile robot systems under adverse conditions, while other controller tuning approaches drop it. Furthermore, a posterior comparison against another surrogate tuning approach based on Gaussian process regression corroborates the proposal as the best online controller tuning approach by reducing the competitor’s computational load by up to 91.37% while increasing its performance by 63%. Hence, the proposed controller tuning approach decreases the execution time to be applied in the evolution of the control system without deteriorating the closed-loop performance. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that such a controller tuning strategy has been tested on an omnidirectional mobile robot.
Discharge Against Medical Advice Among Schizophrenia Patients in Germany: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kostev Karel , Rodemer Ira , Hajek André , Konrad Marcel , Smith Lee
Published: February 2025

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of discharge against medical advice (DAMA) among schizophrenia patients in Germany and to identify factors associated with the risk of DAMA. Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study was based on data from the IQVIA hospital database, which contains records from 36 hospitals across Germany. This study included all hospitalizations for patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of schizophrenia between January 2019 and December 2023. Multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, primary or secondary schizophrenia diagnosis, as well as codiagnoses, were conducted to assess the associations between demographic and clinical variables and DAMA. Results: A total of 7663 hospitalization cases (mean age: 49.5 years, 40.6% female) were included in the study. The DAMA rate was 31.1% in patients with schizophrenia as the primary diagnoses and 6.0% in patients with schizophrenia as a secondary diagnosis. Younger age (i.e., adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 7.44; 95% CI: 4.35–12.73 in the age group 18–30; aOR: 6.63; 95% CI: 3.89–11.29 in the age group 31–40; aOR: 5.59; 95% CI: 3.28–9.54 in the age group 41–50), schizophrenia as the primary diagnosis (aOR: 3.61; 95% CI: 3.05–4.26), alcohol-related disorders (aOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.38–2.04), and cannabis-related disorders (aOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.18–1.72) were significantly associated with an increased risk of DAMA. Conclusions: This study highlights the high prevalence of DAMA among hospitalized schizophrenia patients and identifies the important factors (i.e., younger age, alcohol-related disorders, and cannabis-related disorders) associated with DAMA risk. Additional studies are recommended for further exploration into the reasons for DAMA.
Cross-Analysis of mHealth Social Acceptance Among Youth: A Comparative Study Between Japan and China
Authors: Akiogbe Olugbenga , Feng Hanlin , Kurata Karin , Niwa Makoto , Cao Jianfei , Zhang Shuo , Kageyama Itsuki , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Lim Yeongjoo , Kodama Kota
Published: February 2025

Although mobile health (mHealth) technologies have emerged as a revolutionary approach to enhance healthcare delivery, few studies have examined how it is perceived and accepted in different cultures. This study investigated mHealth’s social acceptance among young people in Japan and China, with a focus on cultural influences on technology adoption. A comparative analysis approach was adopted, employing an extended unified theory of acceptance and use of the technology model. University students from both countries, recruited using harmonized sampling methods, completed questionnaires. We employed descriptive statistics to summarize the sample characteristics, confirmatory factor analysis to validate the constructs, multigroup analysis to test for measurement invariance and ensure the applicability of the model in both cultural contexts, and comparative path analysis to explore differences in the various factors influencing mHealth acceptance in each cultural setting. The findings revealed distinct cultural effects on mHealth acceptance. Japanese young people showed cautious acceptance influenced by societal norms and infrastructure, whereas Chinese young people demonstrated strong engagement driven by government support and the growing digital health industry. The study emphasizes the importance of considering cultural and systemic dynamics when integrating mHealth into youth healthcare models and suggests tailored strategies for successful implementation.
Evaluating Housing Quality, Energy Performance, Indoor Environment, and User Satisfaction in Renovated Locked-In Owner-Occupied Homes in Belgium
Authors: Bielen Leontien , Van den Broeck Katleen , Versele Alexis , Breesch Hilde
Published: February 2025

Approximately 3% of home-owners in Flanders (Belgium) are “locked-in”, residing in substandard dwellings with limited financial means for improvement. Under the European Urban Innovative Actions project ICCARus, 84 dwellings of locked-in home-owners in Ghent (Belgium) underwent renovations with an average budget of EUR 29,000. Their impact on housing quality, energy performance, indoor environmental quality (IEQ), and user satisfaction was assessed. The housing quality was evaluated using the Flemish Housing Code, and energy performance was calculated. A monitoring campaign in selected dwellings evaluated the IEQ. Interviews documented home-owners’ satisfaction. The results revealed a significant enhancement in housing quality, with post-renovation compliance reaching 83%. Energy performance notably improved, from a pre-renovation F-label prevalence (31% of the cases) to a post-renovation majority achieving a C-label (55%). The average indoor temperature in all rooms increased after renovation. A moderate correlation between enhancement in the living room and bathroom temperature and budget for energy performance measures was noted. The CO2 concentration in the majority of the homes remained unchanged. A total of 61% of the participants reported increased satisfaction with their dwelling post-renovation, with more pronounced improvement in winter. This enhanced satisfaction was correlated with improved energy performance.
Challenges and Opportunities of Aging Houses and Construction and Demolition Waste in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chi-Feng , Wu Cheng-Ting , Lin Jen-Yang
Published: February 2025

Sustainable construction and demolition waste (CDW) management have been widely discussed. For a city seeking urban renewal or transformation, aging houses are remodeled, which creates a large amount of CDW. Taiwan is located in an earthquake-prone area with many aging houses. Sustainable CDW management is extremely urgent for such cities or countries. This study presented the current CDW state in Taiwan and suggested possible management strategies. Material flow analysis was conducted to understand the use and distribution of the construction materials. This shows that 100% of the raw material of concrete is imported, whereas 100% of the raw material of brick is domestic. Half of recycled steel is used as a raw material in steel products. The predicted CDW from aging houses was calculated and could be a sustainable source for these materials. However, waste concrete and brick are currently mostly used as subgrade filling materials but are not recycled to produce new construction materials. There are three obvious challenges in CDW management: the lack of cost-effective recycling technology, the increasing quantity of CDW, and the limits of refilled land and landfill volume. However, three opportunities have also emerged: the high potential for reducing carbon emissions from CDW, improved recycling technology, and increasing awareness of the circular economy. This study concludes that reducing the amount of CDW, increasing the lifespan of buildings, increasing the use of reuse or recycled CDW, and proper management of final waste disposal help reduce waste and build a nearly zero-carbon-emission construction industry.
Decoding Career Intentions: Key Determinants of Architecture Students’ Choices in the Construction Industry
Authors: Demirtaş Emre , Hatıpoğlu Serkan Can
Published: February 2025

In parallel with the global landscape, the architecture profession is losing its appeal in Turkey, as evidenced by a decline in school occupancy rates to 79%. Accordingly, the Higher Education System (YÖK) has decreased architecture program quotas by an average of 20%. This study establishes a comprehensive model outlining the key factors influencing these orientations to better understand architecture students’ career paths. This paper investigates how architecture students’ perceptions of the construction industry influence their career choices, particularly their likelihood of staying in the sector. The devised model is empirically validated via data collected from 419 online survey questionnaires. Utilizing SPSS 23 and LISREL 8.8 software, a range of analyses, including frequency, validity, reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling, are conducted. The model posits “intention to stay in the sector (IS)” as a dependent latent variable, affected by independent latent variables like “nature of the profession (NP)”, “prestige (PR)”, “working conditions (WCs)”, “health and stress (HS)”, “salary and benefits (SB)”, “ethical and political processes (EPs)”, “authorities and responsibilities (AR)”, and “conformity to expectations (CE)”. The findings demonstrate that NP, PR, WCs, SB, HS, EPs, AR, and CE significantly influence IS. Particularly, NP and PR substantially impact the preference for the architectural profession and the determination to remain in the sector. In contrast, WCs, HS, SB, and EPs affect IS negatively. This research contributes significantly to the literature on the career intentions of architecture students by presenting a model that captures the factors influencing their career choices. The model is supported by substantial empirical evidence and is based on a comprehensive literature review.
Measurement of Melanocytic Choroidal Lesions: Ultrasound Versus Ultrawide-Field Fundus Imaging System
Authors: Baradad-Jurjo Maria C. , Lorenzo Daniel , Rojas-Pineda Estel·la , Vigués-Jorba Laura , Morwani Rahul , Arias Lluís , Garcia-Bru Pere , Cobos Estefania , Santamaria Juan Francisco , Rodríguez-Fernández Carmen Antia , Caminal Josep M.
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the concordance between conventional 20 Mhz ultrasonography and an ultrawide-field (UWF) imaging system (Optos® California) in the measurement of basal diameters of melanocytic choroidal tumors. Methods: A retrospective study comparing diagnostic tests was conducted in patients with untreated melanocytic choroidal lesions (either nevus or melanoma) who had undergone both UWF imaging and ultrasonography. Only cases with a clear visualization of tumor borders in both imaging modalities were included. Longitudinal and transversal base diameters of the melanocytic tumors were measured by 20 MHz US (one observer) and UWF fundus photography (two observers). Interobserver agreement was assessed for UWF imaging first to validate the technique. Then, UWF imaging measurements were compared with 20 MHz US results. Results: In total, 106 patient images were reviewed, of which 61 were excluded due to unclear visualization of tumor margins. We found excellent concordance (from ICC and defined Bland–Altman plots) for interobserver and inter-technique agreement in estimating basal diameters when using pseudocolor composite and red laser images by comparing them with 20 MHz US results. Conclusions: UWF fundus imaging, when complete visualization of the tumor margins is possible, could be as reliable as ultrasonography in the measurement of the basal diameters of choroidal melanocytic tumors.
Management of Recurrence in Ovarian Cancer—The Role of Surgery and HIPEC with Relevance to BRCA Testing in a PARPi Landscape
Authors: Duchon Mathilde , Naik Raj , Lecuru Fabrice , Ferron Gwenaël , Cornou Caroline , Madad Zadeh Sabrina , Pomel Christophe
Published: February 2025

Background: The surgical and medical management of recurrent ovarian cancer is complex and requires a personalized approach based on several factors, including the timing of recurrence, the patient’s performance status, previous treatment regimens, and the tumor’s histology and molecular characteristics. Objectives: Five randomized trials—GOG-0213, DESKTOP III, SOC 1, HORSE, and CHIPOR—have been conducted and shed light on our practice. Results: Both the DESKTOP III and the SOC 1 trials support the benefit of secondary surgery. The GOG-0213 trial, however, did not show an overall survival benefit, confirming that surgery should not be offered to all patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer and highlighting the importance of strict patient selection using evidence-based selection criteria including the AGO or iMODEL scores. In patients with a negative score, there may be a place for cytoreductive surgery plus HIPEC in BRCA-negative cases following a course of chemotherapy, although current evidence shows no additional benefit for HIPEC when cytoreductive surgery is performed as an adjuvant procedure. Conclusions: Secondary surgery is recommended for platinum-sensitive patients when respecting AGO or iModel criteria. In addition, surgery plus HIPEC can be considered in BRCA-negative patients with an initial negative AGO or iMODEL score who show sufficient response following a course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to then be considered operable.
Imipramine, an Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibitor, Promotes Newborn Neuron Survival in the Hippocampus After Seizure
Authors: Lee Song Hee , Yang Hyun Wook , Kang Beom Seok , Park Min Kyu , Kim Dong Yeon , Song Hong Ki , Choi Hui Chul , Lee Minwoo , Choi Bo Young , Son Dae-Soon , Suh Sang Won
Published: February 2025

Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder, is triggered by various insults, including traumatic brain injury and stroke. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), an enzyme that hydrolyzes sphingomyelin into ceramides, is implicated in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. Ceramides, which have pro-apoptotic properties, contribute to oxidative damage and lysosomal dysfunction, exacerbating neuronal injury. This study investigates the role of ASMase in epilepsy, hypothesizing that seizure activity upregulates ASMase, increasing ceramide levels, DNA damage, and neuronal apoptosis. We employed a pilocarpine-induced rat seizure model and examined the effects of imipramine, an ASMase inhibitor, administered intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg) for four weeks post-seizure induction. Histological and cognitive analyses showed that while imipramine did not prevent early neuronal death within the first week, it significantly reduced markers of neuronal apoptosis by four weeks. Imipramine also promoted hippocampal neurogenesis and preserved cognitive function, which is often impaired following seizures. These findings suggest that ASMase inhibition could mitigate neuronal apoptosis and improve cognitive recovery after seizures. Imipramine may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for epilepsy-associated neuronal damage and cognitive deficits. Further studies should delineate the molecular mechanisms of ASMase inhibition and evaluate its long-term efficacy in addressing epilepsy-related neurodegeneration and functional impairments.
EpCAM Signaling in Oral Cancer Stem Cells: Implications for Metastasis, Tumorigenicity, and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Chang Chuan-Hsin , Tsai Chung-Che , Tsai Fu-Ming , Chu Tin-Yi , Hsu Po-Chih , Kuo Chan-Yen
Published: February 2025

Oral cancer, a subtype of head and neck cancer, poses significant global health challenges owing to its late diagnosis and high metastatic potential. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a transmembrane glycoprotein, has emerged as a critical player in cancer biology, particularly in oral cancer stem cells (CSCs). This review highlights the multifaceted roles of EPCAM in regulating oral cancer metastasis, tumorigenicity, and resistance to therapy. EpCAM influences key pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin and EGFR, modulating CSC self-renewal, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and immune evasion. Moreover, EpCAM has been implicated in metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic regulation, and crosstalk with other signaling pathways. Advances in EpCAM-targeting strategies, such as monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T/NK cell therapies, and aptamer-based systems hold promise for personalized cancer therapies. However, challenges remain in understanding the precise mechanism of EpCAM in CSC biology and its translation into clinical applications. This review highlights the need for further investigation into the role of EPCAM in oral CSCs and its potential as a therapeutic target to improve patient outcomes.
RhoA/ROCK/GSK3β Signaling: A Keystone in Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Medd Milan M. , Yon Jayden E. , Dong Hongxin
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and loss of neuronal integrity. Emerging evidence suggests that RhoA, Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK), and their downstream effector molecule glycogen synthase 3β (GSK3β) interact within a complex signaling pathway (RhoA/ROCK/GSK3β) that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. RhoA, a small GTPase, along with its downstream effector, ROCK, regulates various cellular processes, including actin cytoskeleton dynamics, apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity. GSK3β, a serine/threonine kinase, plays a key role in neuronal function and AD pathology, including the regulation of tau phosphorylation and amyloid-beta cleavage. Overactive GSK3β has been closely linked to tau hyperphosphorylation, neurodegeneration, and the progression of AD. Thus, GSK3β has been considered as a promising therapeutic target for treating AD and mitigating cognitive impairment. However, clinical trials of GSK3β in AD have faced considerable challenges due to the complexity of the specific neuronal inhibition of GSK3β. In this review, we summarize the literature regarding the relationship of RhoA/ROCK and GSK3β signaling pathways in AD pathogenesis. We further discuss recent findings of the sTREM2-transgelin-2 (TG2) axis as a potential mediator of this complex pathway and provide our review on a novel targeting strategy for AD.
The Effect of Air Void on the Laboratory Properties of Polyurethane Mixtures
Authors: Zhou Yunhao , Ma Shijie , Gan Chenghua , Wang Wenjian , Yu Peihan , Zheng Xiangzhuo , Zhang Peiyu , Liu Bokai , Zhao Haisheng
Published: February 2025

Polyurethane (PU) materials, with their excellent mechanical properties, durability, and fatigue resistance, hold promise for addressing the challenges of aging, environmental pollution, and segregation during the storage of modified asphalt mixtures, thereby extending the lifespan of pavements and enhancing the level of service. Although studies have been conducted on the road performance of PU mixtures that compared them with asphalt mixtures, there is relatively less research on how the air void of PU mixtures affects their performance. This study systematically investigates the dynamic characteristics and road performance of dense-graded PU mixtures at three air void ranges—1%–3%, 3%–5%, and 5%–7%—and verifies the effectiveness through statistical methods. The research results show that air voids have a significant impact on road performance. Compared to low air voids, high air voids can increase high-temperature performance by 12%–33%. However, higher air voids also lead to a significant decrease in resistance to water damage, with a reduction of about 9%–24%. When the air void is in the range of 3%–5%, the mixture has better dynamic stability. Therefore, when designing PU mixtures, a reasonable air void should be selected based on engineering conditions to achieve the optimal pavement structure combination and save investment. This study provides a scientific basis for the design and application of PU mixtures and lays the foundation for further understanding of their performance mechanisms.
Viral Clearance of Cupric-Modified Phyllosilicate Minerals Against Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses
Authors: Sharma Vaishali , Singh Sneha , Nold Natalie M. , Kaur Supreet , Li Bowen , Heldt Caryn L.
Published: February 2025

The effectiveness of copper-based composites, specifically cupric ion (Cu2+)-modified phyllosilicate minerals, was evaluated in reducing the concentration of infectious agents in the environment while minimizing metal ion release. The phyllosilicate minerals, vermiculite, exfoliated and unexfoliated, and sepiolite, all modified with Cu2+, were compared with copper oxide for their antiviral activity against non-enveloped porcine parvovirus (PPV) and enveloped human coronavirus 229E (HCoV). Sepiolite effectively removed PPV and HCoV from the solution, regardless of Cu2+ presence, while vermiculite showed substantial viral clearance only when Cu2+ was present. The kinetics of viral clearance was fast, with complete clearance within one hour in many cases. To better understand the mechanism of virus clearance, EDTA was added at different times during the clearance study for PPV. EDTA prevented virus clearance in all vermiculite samples, whereas sepiolite containing copper still demonstrated substantial virus clearance. The addition of BSA before the virus binding was able to block binding in all cases. It was determined that binding is the key mechanism, and PPV can be eluted from the minerals with EDTA and still be infectious. This study provides the potent antiviral mechanisms of Cu2+-modified phyllosilicate minerals, offering insights for designing paints and plastics for high-touch surfaces to reduce viral transmission and enhance public health significantly.
Polymorphism of the Transition Metal Oxidotellurates NiTeO4 and CuTe2O5
Authors: Weil Matthias , Baran Enrique J.
Published: February 2025

As part of crystal growth experiments on transition metal oxidotellurates using chemical vapor transport reactions or hydrothermal conditions, single crystals of NiIITeVIO4 and CuIITeIV2O5 were obtained for the first time in the form of new modifications, as revealed by crystal structure determinations from X-ray data. In the course of these investigations, the crystal structure model of the only phase of NiIITeVIO4 reported so far (from now on named α-) was corrected. Both α-(space group P21/c, Z = 2) and the new β-polymorph of NiIITeVIO4 (space group I41/a, Z = 8) can be considered derivatives (hettotypes) of the rutile structure (aristotype), as shown by detailed symmetry relationships. For CuTe2O5 also, only one crystalline phase has been described so far (from now on named α-) that corresponds to the mineral rajite (space group P21/c, Z = 2). Its anion comprises two different trigonal-pyramidal TeO3 groups linked through corner-sharing into a ditellurite unit. The anion part of the new β-CuTe2O5 modification (space group P21/c, Z = 2), likewise, comprises two TeIV atoms but is more complex. Here, one TeIV atom exhibits a coordination number of 4 and is part of a [∝1TeO2/2O2/1] chain, and the other has a coordination number of 5 and is part of a [∝1TeO2/2O3/1]2 dimer. The two types of anions are linked into a tri-periodic framework where both TeIV atoms are stereochemically active. The α- and β-CuTe2O5 modifications show no closer structural relationship, which is also reflected in their clearly different Raman spectra. Data mining for knowledge discovery in a structure database reveals that polymorphism is a rather common phenomenon for the family of inorganic oxidotellurates.
Adaptive Trust Evaluation Model Based on Entropy Weight Method for Sensing Terminal Process
Authors: Li Tao , Zhang Yanyi
Published: February 2025

Remote sensing (RS) has been widely used for data acquisition, monitoring, control, and intelligent decision-making. However, most of them are unattended and easily become the target of attack, which means there are still some risks in the sensing terminal processes. Therefore, trust evaluation of the processes associated with the sensing terminal is necessary. The existing trust evaluation model based on the sensing terminal process has some defects, such as low performance, low precision, and difficulty in effectively identifying malicious processes in the sensing terminal. In this paper, an adaptive trust evaluation model based on the entropy weight method is proposed to detect the sensing terminal process (PB-ATEM). By establishing two kinds of trust values, the direct trust value and the reciprocal trust value, we can comprehensively judge whether the process is trustworthy. For the direct trust value, we can dynamically capture the auto-correlation value of processes and establish a dynamic reward and punishment function to improve the response to malicious processes. For reciprocal trust values, k-means cluster analysis is used to classify processes, and the optimal entropy weight method is proposed to calculate the direct trust weight and reciprocal trust weight of each process more accurately, which accelerates the exposure of malicious processes. Finally, these two trust values are weighted to obtain the integrated trust value. The simulation results show that PB-ATEM can respond quickly to malicious processes. Compared with the existing trust evaluation models, it has higher detection accuracy and better ability to identify malicious processes.
The Determinants of the Concentration of Superstar Firms: Cluster Analysis and Its Relationship with Economic Development and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Bustelo José Luis Gracia , Pérez Albert Miró , Torrez Harold Meruvia
Published: February 2025

This study analysed the determining factors of the concentration of “superstar firms” in specific economies, with a focus on the interaction between technological innovation, economic development, and market structures. Using global data from Statista on superstar firms for the year 2022, statistical methods such as correlation analysis, an ANOVA, and cluster analysis were applied to identify patterns and relationships between variables like the GDP, market capitalization, and the development of artificial intelligence (AI). The analysis in this paper revealed significant positive correlations between the number of superstar firms and key economic indicators such as the GDP and market capitalization, suggesting that these firms drive economic growth and technological advancement. The cluster analysis identified groupings of countries based on their technological capabilities and economic performance, highlighting that a great number of these firms are concentrated in advanced economies. This work emphasizes the importance of technological infrastructure, innovation policies, and regulatory frameworks in promoting competitive environments for superstar firms. Additionally, it addresses the socioeconomic implications, including challenges related to wealth concentration, inequality, and the transformation of the labour market. Public policies are recommended to foster inclusive innovation, STEM education, and international governance to balance global competitiveness with equitable economic growth.
Multi-Dimensional Research and Progress in Parking Space Detection Techniques
Authors: Wang Xi , Miao Haotian , Liang Jiaxin , Li Kai , Tan Jianheng , Luo Rui , Jiang Yueqiu
Published: February 2025

Due to the increase in the number of vehicles and the complexity of parking spaces, parking space detection technology has emerged. It is capable of automatically identifying vacant parking spaces in parking lots or on streets, and delivering this information to drivers or parking management systems in real time, which has a significant impact on improving urban parking efficiency, alleviating traffic congestion, optimizing driving experience, and promoting the development of intelligent transportation systems. This paper firstly describes the research significance of parking space detection technology and its research background, and then systematically reviews different types of parking spaces and detection technologies, covering a variety of technical means such as ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, magnetic sensors, other sensors, methods based on traditional computer vision, and methods based on deep learning. At the end of the paper, the article summarizes the current research progress in parking space detection technology, analyzes the existing challenges, and provides an outlook on future research directions.
Channel Estimation in 5G-and-Beyond Wireless Communication: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Tarafder Pulok , Chun Chanjun , Ullah Arif , Kim Yonggang , Choi Wooyeol
Published: February 2025

The next generation of mobile networks is predicted to deliver high data speeds, lower latency, and increase the spectral and energy efficiency of wireless communication systems. Several technologies are being investigated for usage in 5G networks. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems are one of the most promising technologies for enabling 5G. Even after the recent advancements and research, numerous challenges still exist for channel estimation for mMIMO systems. In the context of pilot contamination and feedback overhead, this study tracks the most recent developments in research on mMIMO system difficulties. The primary goals of this study are to identify the problems with channel estimation, provide a summary of the cutting-edge solutions suggested in the literature, and then discuss newly emerging open research issues that must be taken into account for the implementation of beyond-5G networks.