bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core–Shell Engineering of Conductive Fillers toward Enhanced Dielectric Properties: A Universal Polarization Mechanism in Polymer Conductor Composites
Authors: Zhou Wenying , Cao Guozheng , Yuan Mengxue , Zhong Shaolong , Wang Yandong , Liu Xiangrong , Cao Dan , Peng Weiwei , Liu Jing , Wang Guangheng , Dang Zhi‐Min , Li Bo
Published: November 2022

Flexible dielectric and electronic materials with high dielectric constant (k) and low loss are constantly pursued. Encapsulation of conductive fillers with insulating shells represents a promising approach, and has attracted substantial research efforts. However, progress is greatly impeded due to the lack of a fundamental understanding of the polarization mechanism. In this work, a series of core–shell polymer composites is studied, and the correlation between macroscopic dielectric properties (across entire composites) and microscopic polarization (around single fillers) is investigated. It is revealed that the polarization in polymer conductor composites is determined by electron transport across multiple neighboring conductive fillers—a domain‐type polarization. The formation of a core–shell filler structure affects the dielectric properties of tpolymer composites by essentially modifying the filler‐cluster size. Based on this understanding, a novel percolative composite is prepared with higher‐than‐normal filler concentration and optimized shell's electrical resistivity. The developed composite shows both high‐k due to enlarged cluster size and low loss due to restrained charge transport simultaneously, which cannot be achieved in traditional percolative composites or via simple core–shell filler design. The revealed polarization mechanism and the optimization strategy for core–shell fillers provide critical guidance and a new paradigm, for developing advanced polymer dielectrics with promising property sets.
2D InSe Self‐Powered Schottky Photodetector with the Same Metal in Asymmetric Contacts
Authors: Chen Jinping , Zhang Zhen , Feng Jiying , Xie Xiaoyu , Jian Aoqun , Li Yuanzheng , Guo Heng , Zhu Yizhi , Li Zhuxin , Dong Jianqi , Cui Qiannan , Shi Zengliang , Xu Chunxiang
Published: November 2022

Self‐powered photodetectors (SPPDs) are generally carried out in multilayered heterostructures with different semiconductors or in Schottky junctions with different metal electrodes. It is interesting to build an SPPD using metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) structures with the same type of metal electrodes. Here, an SPPD is fabricated facilely by stacking a piece of irregular InSe nanosheet on a pair of Au electrodes with asymmetric van der Waals contacts. The SPPD performs a high responsivity of 0.103 A W−1, a high on‐off current ratio over 104, a high detectivity of 1.83 × 1010 Jones, a fast response time of 1 ms and a broadband sensing spectrum ranging from 300 to 1000 nm under zero bias. A series of characterization and working mechanism analysis demonstrate the contribution of the asymmetric Schottky barrier heights and contact geometries in Au–InSe junctions to the self‐powered performance of the detector. This work offers an effective scheme to construct high‐performance SPPDs in simple architecture and processing for potential optoelectronic device applications.
Anomalous Hall Effect in Epitaxial Thin Films of the Hexagonal Heusler MnPtGa Noncollinear Hard Magnet
Authors: Ibarra Rebeca , Lesne Edouard , Sabir Bushra , Gayles Jacob , Felser Claudia , Markou Anastasios
Published: November 2022

Materials hosting noncollinear magnetic ordering and sizeable spin‐orbit coupling can manifest perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a Berry curvature‐driven intrinsic anomalous Hall effect. In this work, the structural, magnetic, and magnetotransport properties of crystalline hexagonal Heusler MnPtGa epitaxial thin films are reported. The centrosymmetric MnPtGa films (P63/mmc space group) crystallize with a preferred c‐axis (0001) crystal orientation. Along this crystallographic direction, the MnPtGa films exhibit preferential perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, below the Curie temperature TC = 263 K, with a large effective uniaxial magnetic anisotropy Keff = 0.735 MJ m−3, at 150 K. In addition, the MnPtGa system undergoes a thermally induced spin reorientation transition below Tsr = 160 K, which marks the onset of a noncollinear spin‐canted state. The anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) of MnPtGa films exhibits a nonmonotonic behavior as a function of temperature, which changes sign at T* = 110 K. Concurrently with the reported unusual dependence of the AHC on the longitudinal conductivity in MnPtGa crystalline thin films, these findings strongly suggest an anomalous Hall effect of intrinsic origin, driven by a momentum‐space Berry curvature mechanism, as supported by first‐principle calculations.
A Self‐Powered CNT–Si Photodetector with Tuneable Photocurrent
Authors: Pelella Aniello , Capista Daniele , Passacantando Maurizio , Faella Enver , Grillo Alessandro , Giubileo Filippo , Martucciello Nadia , Di Bartolomeo Antonio
Published: November 2022

A photodetector with bias‐tuneable current is realized by adding a film of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNT), forming a CNT/Si3N4/Si capacitor, to a prefabricated Pt–Ti/Si3N4/Si metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) diode. Electrical characterization of the entire device is performed to extract the temperature‐dependent ideality factor and Schottky barrier height in the framework of the thermionic emission theory. The CNT/Si3N4/Si capacitor increases the reverse current of the parallel Pt–Ti/Si3N4/Si MIS diode by adding a Fowler–Nordheim tunneling current at high reverse voltage bias. This feature endows the photodetector with two different photocurrent levels, photoresponsivity up to 370 mA W−1 and external quantum efficiency up to 50% at 950 nm wavelength. The device also shows a different photoresponse when light is focused on the CNT/Si3N4/Si region or around the Pt–Ti/Si3N4/Si structure. The photodetector can also be used as an optoelectronic Boolean logic device, in which the applied voltage bias and the incident light are the two input signals, and the photocurrent is the output. Furthermore, light generates a photocurrent at zero voltage and a photovoltage at zero current, making the device a self‐powered photodetector.
Emerging evidence of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer
Authors: Miyamoto Yuji , Ogawa Katsuhiro , Ohuchi Mayuko , Tokunaga Ryuma , Baba Hideo
Published: November 2022

Since the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which modulate the interplay between the tumor cell and immune system, immunotherapy has become widely recognized as a new standard treatment for cancers including microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) colorectal cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab (anti‐PD‐1 antibodies) that act in the effector phase of T cells and ipilimumab (anti‐CTLA‐4 antibody) that acts mainly in the priming phase are now in clinical use. These antibodies have shown therapeutic efficacy in MSI colorectal cancer patients who have failed to respond to existing standard therapies. Pembrolizumab is also strongly recommended as first‐line therapy for MSI‐H metastatic colorectal cancer. Therefore, the MSI status and tumor mutation burden of the tumor should be clarified before starting treatment. Because many patients do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or molecularly targeted agents, are being investigated. Furthermore, treatment methods for preoperative adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer are being developed.
Ammonium Persulfate Mediated Oxidative C(sp3)−H/N−H Cross‐Coupling for Synthesis of Hemiaminal Ethers Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Wu Jiwei , Zhu Jianye , Yu Lingxiang , Yu Xiaoxiao , Li Wen , Xie Lianyu , Wu Ji , Li Zirong
Published: November 2022

A simple method for ammonium persulfate mediated oxidative C(sp3)−H amination of azoles has been reported under mild conditions. Various azoles such as 1H‐benzotriazole, 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole, 2H‐tetrazole, 1H‐pyrazole and 1H‐indazole are successfully employed for coupling with tetrahydrofuran to give the products hemiaminal ethers with moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, the C(sp3)−H bonds α to S, N and benzylic are also tolerated in this reaction.
2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR Classification Criteria for Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Grayson Peter C. , Ponte Cristina , Suppiah Ravi , Robson Joanna C. , Gribbons Katherine Bates , Judge Andrew , Craven Anthea , Khalid Sara , Hutchings Andrew , Danda Debashish , Luqmani Raashid A. , Watts Richard A. , Merkel Peter A. ,   for the DCVAS Study Group
Published: November 2022

Objective

To develop and validate new classification criteria for Takayasu arteritis (TAK).

Methods

Patients with vasculitis or comparator diseases were recruited into an international cohort. The study proceeded in 6 phases: 1) identification of candidate criteria items, 2) collection of candidate items present at diagnosis, 3) expert panel review of cases, 4) data‐driven reduction of candidate items, 5) derivation of a points‐based classification score in a development data set, and 6) validation in an independent data set.

Results

The development data set consisted of 316 cases of TAK and 323 comparators. The validation data set consisted of an additional 146 cases of TAK and 127 comparators. Age ≤60 years at diagnosis and imaging evidence of large‐vessel vasculitis were absolute requirements to classify a patient as having TAK. The final criteria items and weights were as follows: female sex (+1), angina (+2), limb claudication (+2), arterial bruit (+2), reduced upper extremity pulse (+2), reduced pulse or tenderness of a carotid artery (+2), blood pressure difference between arms of ≥20 mm Hg (+1), number of affected arterial territories (+1 to +3), paired artery involvement (+1), and abdominal aorta plus renal or mesenteric involvement (+3). A patient could be classified as having TAK with a cumulative score of ≥5 points. When these criteria were tested in the validation data set, the model area under the curve was 0.97 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.94–0.99) with a sensitivity of 93.8% (95% CI 88.6–97.1%) and specificity of 99.2% (95% CI 96.7–100.0%).

Conclusion

The 2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for TAK are now validated for use in research.
Vertically Layered Multi‐Pair Interdigital Electrodes within a Single Sheet of Paper for High Energy Density
Authors: Kim Yeon Woo , Oh In Hyeok , Chang Suk Tai
Published: November 2022

A paper‐based supercapacitor (SC) is a promising flexible energy storage device for wearable electronics. Paper is an alternative flexible substrate to conventional substrates such as metal foil or plastics. Paper's porous structure can be applied as a large surface area of electrode to store more charge. Paper can also be used as a separator between each electrode. We propose a simple method for vertically integrating a multi‐pair of interdigital electrodes within only a single sheet of paper. The integrated multi‐electrodes were fully separated because of a removable wax barrier. The integrated multi‐pair interdigital electrodes in a paper were used as ultra‐thin SCs combined in parallel. With an inner space of paper, the device volume can be reduced with high energy density while preserving flexibility. The energy density was 86.58 μWh cm−2, which is three orders of magnitude higher energy density than a single SC at the same size.
Dopamine‐assisted wet spinning and mechanical reinforcement of graphene oxide fibers
Authors: Hwang Hyuntae , Kang Dongwoo , Park Young Jin , Shin Hyeon Suk
Published: November 2022

Bioinspired polydopamine coatings have been widely used for the surface modification of various materials because of their strong adhesion, facile application method, and functionalization ability. However, dopamine has not been previously utilized as a coagulation agent for graphene oxide fibers (GOFs). In this study, we performed the wet spinning of GOFs using dopamine as a coagulation agent (denoted as DA‐GOFs) and successive polymerization of dopamine inside the fibers. The polymerized DA‐GOFs (pDA‐GOFs) exhibited enhanced mechanical properties with a 97% higher tensile strength than that of the fibers coagulated with CaCl2. The described dopamine‐assisted wet spinning and polymerization process were simple but effective method for preparing mechanically strong fibers, which can be potentially employed in flexible and wearable electronic applications.
Ru on Modified Carbon Submicrometric Spheres as Novel Catalysts for the Oxidative Cleavage of Oleic Acid with N‐Methylmorpholine‐N‐Oxide as Green Oxidizing Agent
Authors: Gámez Sebastián , de la Torre Ernesto , M. Gaigneaux Eric
Published: November 2022

Oxidative cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids involves the rupture of carbon‐carbon double bonds to produce carbonyl compounds of high added value. This reaction is mainly performed using homogenous catalysts which are pollutant and cannot be recovered while current heterogeneous catalysts display poor activity. To solve this issue, an active catalyst was prepared by impregnating Ru ions on carbon spheres synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization of a glucose solution. Carbon spheres were calcined under air atmosphere to create porosity and functionalized with polydopamine to improve their ability to complex Ru ions. The catalyst was fully characterized and completed the oxidative cleavage of oleic acid within 7 h of stirring at room temperature using NaIO4 as oxidizing agent. The addition of N‐methylmorpholine N‐oxide, a green oxidizing agent, allowed >99 % conversion in only 5 h. Therefore, it was possible to conceive an eco‐friendly carbon catalyst for the valorization of oleic acid under mild conditions.
Anchoring Pd Nanoparticles with Low Loading on Co,N‐Doped Carbon Framework for the Synergistic Reduction of Nitrophenols
Authors: Han Fengyan , Zhang Yue , Zhang Hangfei , Feng Hao , Tang Yukuai , Yang Xiaofei
Published: November 2022

The reduction of nitro‐compound to amino‐compound through catalytic transfer hydrogenation over Pd‐based nanostructured composites is an attractive issue. Herein, a series of nanocomposites including Pd nanoparticles with low weight loading anchored on N, Co‐doped carbon framework (Co@NC) was prepared by a facile method. Among these, 1.5 % Pd/Co@NC had the highest catalytic activity towards the reduction of nitrophenols. The enhanced activity may be ascribed to N‐doping, synergistic effect and the interaction between well‐dispersed Pd nanoparticles and N, Co‐doped carbon framework by stabilizing metal nanoparticles with smaller size and good dispersion, improving the adsorption of reactants on the surface of Pd/Co@NC and facilitating electron transfer from NaBH4 to the product. Furthermore, the catalyst maintained regular morphology and activity even after recycling experiments, indicating that it may be used in industrial applications.
Counselor educators using self as instrument in antiracist teaching
Authors: Ng Kok‐Mun , Anandavalli S , Litherland Gideon , Bell Tamekia R. , Ewe Edward , Lau Jared , List Allison
Published: November 2022

In this autoethnography inquiry, seven counselor educators from diverse intersectionalities discuss how they leverage their selfhood to promote antiracist counselor education. Based on two cycles of pattern coding, the authors identified themes of perceiving, experiencing, creating, and facilitating. Implications for future research and practice are offered.
Nonsymmetric [Pt(C^N*N′^C′)] Complexes: Aggregation‐Induced Emission in the Solid State and in Nanoparticles Tuned by Ligand Structure
Authors: Solomatina Anastasia I. , Galenko Ekaterina E. , Kozina Daria O. , Kalinichev Alexey A. , Baigildin Vadim A. , Prudovskaya Natalia A. , Shakirova Julia R. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Porsev Vitaly V. , Evarestov Robert A. , Tunik Sergey P.
Published: November 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Sergey P. Tunik and his colleagues from St Petersburg University. The image depicts the strong bathochromic shift of the emission wavelength of phosphorescent platinum(II) complexes upon their aggregation in the presence of water. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202202207.
Bio‐inspired Small Molecular Catalysis
Authors: Cai Mao , Zhang Runze , Yang Chunming , Luo Sanzhong
Published: November 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Nature is an inspiring resource for chemists to exploit uncharted chemical spaces. Enzymes in nature are characteristic of high efficiency and exquisite stereocontrol under rather mild conditions. Not surprisingly, chemists have a long history in developing new catalysts by learning from and imitating the natural enzymes. This review summarizes our long‐standing efforts in developing bio‐inspired small molecular catalysis. These were categorized according to the employed strategies: 1) bi‐/multi‐functional strategy for the bio‐inspired chiral primary amine catalyst; 2) cofactor strategy for bio‐inspiredortho‐quinone catalyst; 3) intermediate strategy for chiral latent carbocation catalysis based on natural carbocation process. Each section includes brief introduction of the biological origin, design of catalyst, development of methodology as well as the underlying mechanistic insights.

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?

I hope it's always the next one.

How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?

Nature provides many astonishing catalytic machineries for building up molecular complexity and harnessing energy in the most efficient ways. Nature's recipe for catalysis serves as a starting point to develop new catalyst for synthetic and energy chemistry. I was trained as a synthetic chemist in a physical organic group in Nankai and ICCAS, and spent part of my graduate studies doing enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharide and its related biological applications in Ohio State University. This gave me a mixed view on organocatalysis, then under its golden stage of renaissance, not only for its synthetic potentials as a new catalytic concept, but also with an eye on its biological origin and possible impact beyond

synthesis. I also benefit a lot from the physical organic chemistry training which helps to shape my research path in width and depth, in a way I never imagined and expected at the beginning of my career.

How do you supervise your students?

Try to inspire beyond instruct. I learned and am still learning. “因材施教” is easy to say than to do. In reality, I become bossy the way I dislike and have to instruct heavily.

What is the most important personality for scientific research?

Curiosity, broad reading and sufficient “free time” for daydreaming. In order to have enough time to waste, you have to work really hard at first.

Who influences you mostly in your life?

My Ph.D. supervisor, Prof. Jin‐Pei Cheng who teaches me a rational and quantitative view for chemistry and inspires me all the time to pursue a rational approach in research.
Promoting Silk Fibroin Adhesion to Stainless Steel Surfaces by Interface Tailoring
Authors: Emonson Nicholas S. , Randall James D. , Allardyce Benjamin J. , Stanfield Melissa K. , Dharmasiri Bhagya , Stojcevski Filip , Henderson Luke C.
Published: November 2022

Bonding dissimilar materials has been a persistent challenge for decades. This paper presents a method to modify a stainless steel surface (316 L), routinely used in medical applications to enable the significant adhesion of a biopolymer (silk fibroin). The metallic surface was first covalently grafting with polyacrylamide, to enable a hydrogen bonding compatible surface. The polymerisation was initiated via the irreversible electrochemical reduction of a 4‐nitrobenzene diazonium salt (20 mM), in the presence of an acrylamide monomer (1 M) at progressively faster scan rates (0.01 V/s to 1 V/s). Examination of the modified samples by FT‐IR was consistent with successful surface modification, via observations of the acrylamide carbonyl (1600–1650 cm−1) was observed, with more intense peaks correlating to slower scan rates. Similar observations were made with respect to increasing surface polarity, assessed by water contact angle. Reductions of >60° were observed for the grafted surfaces, relative to the unmodified control materials, indicating a surface able to undergo significant hydrogen bonding. The adhesion of silk to the metallic surface was quantified using a lap shear test, effectively using silk fibroin as an adhesive. Adhesion improvements of 5–7‐fold, from 4.1 MPa to 29.3 MPa per gram of silk fibroin, were observed for the treated samples, highlighting the beneficial effect of this surface treatment. The methods developed in this work can be transferred to any metallic (or conductive) surface and can be tailored to complement any desired interface.
Using eDNA metabarcoding to understand the effect of fire on the diet of small mammals in a woodland ecosystem
Authors: Wanniarachchi Saumya , Swan Matthew , Nevil Paul , York Alan
Published: November 2022

Food acquisition is a fundamental process that drives animal distribution and abundance, influencing how species respond to changing environments. Disturbances such as fire create significant shifts in available dietary resources, yet, for many species, we lack basic information about what they eat, let alone how they respond to a changing resource base. In order to create effective management strategies, faunal conservation in flammable landscapes requires a greater understanding of what animals eat and how this change following a fire. What animals eat in postfire environments has received little attention due to the time‐consuming methodologies and low‐resolution identification of food taxa. Recently, molecular techniques have been developed to identify food DNA in scats, making it possible to identify animal diets with enhanced resolution. The primary aim of this study was to utilize eDNA metabarcoding to obtain an improved understanding of the diet of three native Australian small mammal species: yellow‐footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes), heath mouse (Pseudomys shortridgei), and bush rat (Rattus fuscipes). Specifically, we sought to understand the difference in the overall diet of the three species and how diet changed over time after fire. Yellow‐footed antechinus diets mostly consisted of moths, and plants belonging to myrtles and legume families while bush rats consumed legumes, myrtles, rushes, and beetles. Heath mouse diet was dominated by rushes. All three species shifted their diets over time after fire, with most pronounced shifts in the bush rats and least for heath mice. Identifying critical food resources for native animals will allow conservation managers to consider the effect of fire management actions on these resources and help conserve the species that use them.
Modeling the extinction risk of European butterflies and odonates
Authors: Franke Sophia , Pinkert Stefan , Brandl Roland , Thorn Simon
Published: November 2022

Insect populations have become increasingly threatened during the last decades due to climate change and landuse intensification. Species characteristics driving these threats remain poorly understood. Trait‐based analyses provide a straight‐forward approach to gain a mechanistic understanding of species' extinction risk, guiding the development of conservation strategies. We combined morphological traits and phylogenetic relationship for 332 European species of butterflies and 115 species of odonates (dragon and damselflies) to model their red list status via phylogenetically controlled ordered logistic regression. We hypothesized that extinction risk increases with increasing body volume and wing area, decreasing range size, and is larger for brighter species. All investigated traits exhibited a strong phylogenetic signal. When controlling for phylogenetic relationship, we found that extinction risk of butterflies increased with decreasing range size. The extinction risk of odonates showed no relationship with the selected traits. Our results show that there is no universal trait defining the extinction risk of our investigated insect taxa. Furthermore, evolutionary history, measured as the phylogenetically predicted part of our analyzed traits, poorly predicted extinction risk. Our study confirms the focus of conservation measures on European butterfly species with small range sizes.
Dicamba drift alters plant–herbivore interactions at the agro‐ecological interface
Authors: Johnson Nia M. , Baucom Regina S.
Published: November 2022

Natural populations evolve in response to biotic and abiotic changes in their environment, which shape species interactions and ecosystem dynamics. Agricultural systems can introduce novel conditions via herbicide exposure to non‐crop habitats in surrounding fields. While herbicide drift is known to produce a variety of toxic effects in plants, little is known about its impact on nontarget wildlife species interactions. In a two‐year study, we investigated the impact of herbicide drift on plant–herbivore interactions with common weed velvetleaf (Abutlion theophrasti) as the focal species. The findings reveal a significant increase in the phloem‐feeding silverleaf whitefly (Bermisia tabaci) abundance on plants exposed to herbicide at drift rates of 0.5% and 1% of the field dose. We also identified a significant phenotypic trade‐off between whitefly resistance and herbicide resistance in addition to whitefly resistance and relative growth rate in the presence of dicamba drift after increasing the populations grown in Year 2. In a follow‐up greenhouse study, we found evidence that dicamba drift at 0.5% of the field dose significantly increased the average chlorophyll content (in milligrams per square centimeter) along with a positive correlation between whitefly abundance and chlorophyll content. Overall, these findings suggest herbicide exposure to nontarget communities can significantly alter herbivore populations, potentially impacting biodiversity and community dynamics of weed populations found at the agro‐ecological interface.
Clinically suspected lethal viral myocarditis combined with encephalitis: a COVID‐19 vaccine complication
Authors: Chen Junhui , Wu Ting , Zhang Chunlei , Zhang Ye , Liu Zhuanghua , Wang Yuhai
Published: November 2022

This case study aimed to identify rare viral myocarditis combined with encephalitis as a COVID‐19 vaccine complication. A 59‐year‐old male patient with a 2 day history of headache and rapidly progressive cognitive decline, who had received the third dose of COVID‐19 vaccine 12 days before, was admitted to our hospital. The patient had no underlying systemic conditions, no prior medical history, and no prior history of COVID‐19 infection. The patient was diagnosed with viral myocarditis and encephalitis by two neurologists and two cardiologists after laboratory examination, head computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. The patient experienced cardiogenic shock and developed severe arrhythmia, resulting in his death 10 h after admission. Clinically suspected lethal viral myocarditis combined with encephalitis in the patient could be related to COVID‐19 vaccination. Adverse effects of the Chinese COVID‐19 vaccine, especially serious complications, have been uncommon. This case study highlights a rare complication after COVID‐19 vaccination that needs high attention.
Emotional, motivational and attitudinal consequences of autonomous prosocial behaviour
Authors: Kelley Nicholas J. , Weinstein Netta , Smith Emily E. , Davis William E. , Christy Andrew G. , Sedikides Constantine , Schlegel Rebecca J.
Published: November 2022

When do prosocial actors experience positive versus negative psychological outcomes from helping others? In four studies and an internal meta‐analysis, we tested the hypothesis that autonomy shapes the psychological consequences of helping others. In Study 1, prosocial behaviour was associated with a robust pattern of negative well‐being outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress) for individuals low but not high in autonomy. In Studies 2–4, relative to reflecting on a neutral interpersonal experience, reflecting on an autonomous helping experience increased sadness and happiness, strengthened intentions to help in the future and raised support for social welfare. By contrast, reflecting on a controlled helping experience increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions, but did not affect attitudes or behavioural intentions. Collectively, the findings indicate that autonomy (or lack thereof) shapes the emotional, motivational and attitudinal consequences of helping behaviour.
A case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from a suprapubic cystostomy tract in a patient with spinal bifida: Immunohistochemical analysis and literature review
Authors: Sawazaki Harutake , Kitamura Yosuke , Asano Atsushi , Ito Yuji , Tsuda Hitoshi
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Squamous cell carcinoma arising from a suprapubic cystostomy tract is a rare complication of an indwelling catheter and is caused by long‐term inflammation and mechanical irritation. Prognosis is relatively poor. Biomarkers in the cancer pathway have not been investigated.

Case presentation

A 61‐year‐old woman with a 34‐year history of suprapubic catheter placement presented with a rapidly growing elevated lesion around the cystostomy site. Tumor biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. Local excision with partial cystectomy was performed. Multiple metastases were identified 5 months later. The patient died 14 months after the initial treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of the resected specimen revealed alterations in vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase‐2, and Ki‐67.

Conclusion

We encountered a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from a suprapubic cystostomy tract. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed activation of multiple carcinogenic pathways in cancer cells, including those for angiogenesis, signal transduction by epidermal growth factor receptor, inflammation, and cell proliferation.
The effects of freer trade on global agriculture
Authors: Holtman Nathan , Aguiar Angel , Devadoss Stephen
Published: November 2022

Intransigency among developed and developing countries to reduce trade‐distortive policies—domestic subsidies, export subsidies, and import tariffs—created deadlock in the Doha Round negotiations. Because of this impasse, many countries continue to heavily subsidize their agricultural production and high import tariffs continue to persist in the world market. This study empirically quantifies the benefits of a global free trade agreement utilizing a large‐scale computable general equilibrium model. The results show that a global trade agreement increases welfare by $60 billion as commodity production and consumption adjust to reflect their comparative advantage patterns, accentuating the benefits of completing a global free trade agreement.
Implementation of an interprofessional education session for postgraduate trainees
Authors: Tedder Amanda C. , Deptola Amber , Kunz Kyle , Richter Sara K.
Published: November 2022

Postgraduate residency training provides an opportunity to acquire and apply skills and behaviors learned through interprofessional education (IPE) sessions. Little data exists regarding the perceptions of resident trainees on benefits and barriers of IPE. In this paper, we describe the development and implementation of a case‐based IPE activity focused on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management and inhaler technique in order to explore pharmacy and medicine resident perceptions of IPE. Perceptions of IPE were logged via survey and interviews in parallel with participation in the IPE activity and were analyzed with a constructivist grounded theory approach to identify common themes. Four themes supporting IPE models were found including better understanding of another profession's skills, integration of another profession's skill and perspective to improve patient care, recognition of gaps in expertise, and perception of time and coordination as barriers to learning with other professions. In conclusion, IPE activities improve and advance the perceptions and knowledge that medicine and pharmacy residents have about each other's professions.
Identifying the effects of sanctions on the Iranian economy using newspaper coverage
Authors: Laudati Dario , Pesaran M. Hashem
Published: November 2022

This paper focuses on the identification and quantitative estimation of sanctions on the Iranian economy over the period 1989–2019. It provides a new time series approach and proposes a novel measure of sanctions intensity based on daily newspaper coverage. In absence of sanctions, Iran's average annual growth could have been around 4–5%, as compared to the 3% realized. Estimates of the proposed sanctions‐augmented structural VAR show that sanctions significantly decrease oil export revenues and result in substantial depreciation of Iranian rial, followed by subsequent increases in inflation and falls in output growth. Keeping other shocks fixed, 2 years of sanctions can explain up to 60% of output growth forecast error variance, although a single quarter sanction shock proves to have quantitatively small effects.
Liver regeneration after two‐stage liver transplantation is more effective than after other preconditioning procedures in colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Ali Deeb Aladdin , Rauchfuß Falk , Gaßler Nikolaus , Dondorf Felix , Rohland Oliver , Tannapfel Andrea , Settmacher Utz
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Induction of liver regeneration represents an option to expand the resectability in patients with expected small future liver remnant (FLR). The aim of this cohort‐study is to compare the liver regeneration between different surgical procedures, including novel procedures such as two‐stage living donor liver transplantation using small‐for‐size grafts.

Methods

Forty‐three patients with colorectal liver metastases were included between 2004 and 2020. They underwent one of the following three procedures: portal vein embolization (PVE), associated liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS), and living donor two‐stage liver transplantation (LT). The volume gain of the future liver remnant was analyzed in comparison between the three mentioned procedures.

Results

The type of surgery performed had a significant correlation with liver regeneration with a strong effect on the benefit of ALPPS and liver transplantation, respectively (r = .6, p = .00003). The type of surgery was the only independent co‐factor in the multiple regression, which showed a significant influence on FLR‐increase favoring two‐stage transplantation compared to the other two related procedures (ß = .12, T = 3.9, p = .0004). The histological and immunohistochemical studies also showed a clear advantage of proliferation to the benefits of two‐stage liver transplantation compared with ALPPS.

Conclusion

Two‐stage liver transplantation using small‐for‐size grafts induces better FLR‐increase than portal vein embolization or ALPPS in patients with colorectal liver metastases.
Cu‐Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: The Effect of Cocatalysts
Authors: Sun Mingkang , Szczepaniak Grzegorz , Dadashi‐Silab Sajjad , Lin Ting‐Chih , Kowalewski Tomasz , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: November 2022

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most powerful methods to prepare well‐defined (co)polymers. Cu‐catalyzed ATRP methods are most commonly used because of the excellent control and tunable catalytic activities via ligand functionalization. This minireview summarizes the development of Cu‐catalyzed ATRP in the presence of cocatalysts, which are used to regenerate CuI complex activators during polymerizations. Fundamentals of Cu‐based ATRP catalysts are first introduced, followed by the discussion of different types of cocatalysts in different Cu‐catalyzed ATRP methods. Recent developments of photochemical cocatalysts for oxygen‐tolerant ATRP and ATRP using long‐wavelength irradiation are highlighted, which significantly expand the applications of Cu‐catalyzed ATRP. Methods to study the properties of cocatalysts and their roles in Cu‐catalyzed ATRP are discussed, with an outlook for the future development of cocatalysts.
Does financial leverage volatility induce systemic financial risk? Empirical insight based on the Chinese fintech sector
Authors: Zheng Zhiyong , He Jian , Yang Yingjie , Zhang Mengting , Wu Desheng , Bian Yang , Cao Jianhong
Published: November 2022

Financial leverage volatility is a significant factor contributing to the formation of systemic financial risk, which is more apparent in China's fast‐growing fintech (financial technology) field. Using the Conditional Value‐at‐risk approach (ΔCoVaR) risk metric, the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (Structural Vector Autoregression with Stochastic Volatility model [SV‐TVP‐SAVR]) model, and the generalized forecast error variance decomposition (Tvpdy) model, this paper discusses how financial leverage volatility shocks fintech sectoral risks and the evolution of the risk within fintech under the shocks on the basis of the classification criteria of the Chinese fintech enterprise database and daily trading data of A‐share listed companies. The statistical results show that financial leverage volatility causes risk changes across fintech sectors, which is especially significant during economic downturns or government interventions. Also, under the shock of financial leverage volatility, the fintech sectors will absorb or diffuse risks outward through spillover channels, with significant differences in the risk spillover conditions of different types of sectors. Finally, the fintech sector can produce a contagion system with the Internet consumer finance, payment, and Internet microcommercial credit sectors as the core of risks, resulting in a systemic risk crisis. Our findings have major implications for Chinese regulators to balance financial leverage and prevent systemic risks in the fintech sector.
Assimilation of global positioning system radio occultation refractivity for the enhanced prediction of extreme rainfall events in southern India
Authors: Boyaj Alugula , Dasari Hari Prasad , Rao Y. V. Rama , Ashok Karumuri , Hoteit Ibrahim
Published: November 2022

Here, we investigated the impact of assimilating the satellite‐based product of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) refractivity profiles data on the simulation of selected extreme rainfall events in three states of southern India: Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Kerala. We assimilated the GPS RO data into the weather research and forecasting model using a 3DVar assimilation technique and evaluated the results against unassimilated (control) simulations. Various observations (e.g., rainfall measurements from AWS/rain‐gauge) and observation‐based gridded rainfall were used. The assimilation of the data yielded improved prediction of the spatial distributions of extreme rainfall regions and the amounts of rainfall. The analysis of the simulated dynamical and thermodynamic processes indicated that the assimilation of the data enabled the model to simulate significantly deep convection, high instability, and strong vertical motions. A vorticity budget analysis confirmed the marginally strengthened low‐level convergence. The vertical motions because of assimilation facilitated an increased vertical advection of vorticity, which enhanced the extreme conditions in storms. Moreover, the assimilation of the data resulted in enhanced water vapor condensation and high levels of ice, cloud, and rain water in clouds, all of which contributed to extreme rainfall.
Uniform convergence of Fourier series via deferred Cesàro mean and its applications
Authors: Jena Bidu Bhusan , Paikray Susanta Kumar , Mursaleen M.
Published: November 2022

In this article, we found an undesirable feature in the theory of summability; that is, the Fourier series of
‐periodic functions is uniformly convergent to the functions via the Ceàsro mean. However, it does not preserve the uniform convergence for the arbitrary periodic functions. To overcome this limitation, the objective of the paper is to introduce and study the notion of deferred Ceàsro mean based on the
integers for the Fourier series of arbitrary periodic functions. We further study the behavior of our proposed method under both ordinary and statistical versions of convergence and accordingly establish two Korovkin‐type approximation theorems for trigonometric test functions. Finally, we also provide some examples with geometrical illustrations in support of the effectiveness of our results established in this work.
Some Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for GA‐s‐convex functions in the fourth sense
Authors: Baidar Abdul Wakil , Kunt Mehmet
Published: November 2022

In the present manuscript, we define the concept of
‐
‐convex functions in the fourth sense. We obtain the Hermite–Hadamard inequality for the newly introduced class of functions. We also establish some inequalities of the Hermite–Hadamard type for functions whose first derivative in absolute value at certain powers is a
‐
‐convex function in the fourth sense. In the last, some applications to special means of real numbers are given.
Disparities in weight changes during the COVID‐19 pandemic‐related lockdown in youths
Authors: Koebnick Corinna , Sidell Margo A. , Li Xia , Resnicow Ken , Kunani Poornima , Young Deborah R. , Woolford Susan J.
Published: November 2022

Objective

This study evaluates whether changes in weight among school‐aged youth in California due to the COVID‐19 lockdown vary by social constructs of race/ethnicity and associated social factors.

Methods

Including 160,472 youth aged 5 to 17 years enrolled at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, mixed effects models stratified by age group were fitted to estimate changes in distance from the median BMI‐for‐age from March 2020 to January 2021 (lockdown) compared with the same period before the pandemic.

Results

Excess pandemic weight gain was higher among Black and Hispanic youth aged 5 to 17 years than among White and Asian youth; this difference was most pronounced in those aged 5 to 11 years. In youth aged 5 to 11 years, the distance from the median BMI‐for‐age increased by 1.72 kg/m2 (95% CI: 1.61‐1.84) in Hispanic and 1.70 kg/m2 (95% CI: 1.47‐1.94) in Black youth during the lockdown compared with 1.16 kg/m2 (95% CI: 1.02‐1.29) in non‐Hispanic White youth. The excess weight gain was also higher in youth with fewer neighborhood parks and those with state‐subsidized health insurance.

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown led to a gain of excess body weight, particularly for Black and Hispanic youth; this weight gain varied by social factors associated with race and ethnicity.
Assessment of string performance using self‐referencing method in comparison to performance ratio
Authors: Buerhop Claudia , Pickel Tobias , Hauch Jens , Peters Ian Marius
Published: November 2022

In this study, we introduce a weather data independent self‐referencing algorithm for performance analyses of PV power stations based on monitoring data. We introduce this method as an alternative to standard performance ratio analyses, in the case that no meteorological data are available. The self‐referencing algorithm utilizes the string with maximum output as a reference. The output of other strings is set in relation to the corresponding value of the reference string, resulting in a quantity we call self‐referencing ratio SR. We benchmark this ratio against the established performance ratio, which requires solar irradiance data for calculation. Based on a 9 MWp PV power station with 1,719 strings, we show that we are able to quantify, locate, and visualize the performance of each string in the PV power station. About 10% of the strings are underperforming; most of them are located in the bottom rows of the mounting racks. Shading from adjacent mounting racks is a possible explanation for this finding. Furthermore, IR‐images and voltage data indicate a frequent occurrence of strings with a reduced number of modules. An underperformance of less than 2% is challenging to detect, due to the uncertainty range of the chosen dataset.
A novel N7‐methylguanosine‐related long noncoding RNAs signature for predicting prognosis and immune microenvironment in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Guo Peisen , Wang Panpan , Liu Limin , Wang Peixi , Qu Zhi , Yu Zengli , Liu Nan
Published: November 2022

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) may act as a biomarker to predict the overall survival (OS) of cancer patients. This study is to explore the prognostic signature of gastric cancer based on N7‐methylguanosine‐related lncRNAs to evaluate the prognosis and immune status of patients. The lncRNAs were identified by co‐expression analysis, univariate and, stepwise multivariate Cox regression. Then, patients were divided into the high‐ and low‐risk groups. Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristics, log‐rank test, principal component analysis, and nomogram were used to analyze the risk model. Finally, different immune status between the two groups was revealed by gene set enrichment/variation analysis (GSEA/GSVA), CIBERSORTx, and ESTIMATE algorithm. The difference in tumor mutation burden and drug sensitivity between the two groups was also explored. Three lncRNAs (LINC00412, REPIN1‐AS1, and RPH3AL‐AS1) were employed to construct the prognostic model. The OS rate of the high‐risk group was lower than the low‐risk group. GSEA and GSVA indicated this model was associated with immune‐related function, such as negative regulation of humoral immune response. Furthermore, the relative fractions of regulatory T cells, activated NK cells, and so forth, were significantly higher in the high‐risk group. And ESTIMATE revealed the different immune scores between the two groups. Finally, six compounds were screened out as candidate therapy drugs, and the prognostic model revealed higher performance than TP53 mutation status. The prognostic signature was competent in predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer and the immune microenvironment, which could guide individualized treatment for gastric cancer in the clinic.
Vagal nerve stimulation preserves right ventricular function in a rat model of right ventricular pressure overload
Authors: Yoshida Keimei , Saku Keita , Jan Bogaard Harm , Abe Kohtaro , Sunagawa Kenji , Tsutsui Hiroyuki
Published: November 2022

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) ameliorates pulmonary vascular remodeling and improves survival in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the direct impact of VNS on right ventricular (RV) function, which is the key predictor of PH patients, remains unknown. We evaluated the effect of VNS among the three groups: pulmonary artery banding (PAB) with sham stimulation (SS), PAB with VNS, and control (no PAB). We stimulated the right cervical vagal nerve with an implantable pulse generator, initiated VNS 2 weeks after PAB, and stimulated for 2 weeks. Compared to SS, VNS increased cardiac index (VNS: 130 ± 10 vs. SS: 93 ± 7 ml/min/kg; p < 0.05) and end‐systolic elastance assessed by RV pressure–volume analysis (VNS: 1.1 ± 0.1 vs. SS: 0.7 ± 0.1 mmHg/μl; p < 0.01), but decreased RV end‐diastolic pressure (VNS: 4.5 ± 0.7 vs. SS: 7.7 ± 1.0 mmHg; p < 0.05). Furthermore, VNS significantly attenuated RV fibrosis and CD68‐positive cell migration. In PAB rats, VNS improved RV function, and attenuated fibrosis, and migration of inflammatory cells. These results provide a rationale for VNS therapy as a novel approach for RV dysfunction in PH patients.