bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glacier Mass Loss Simulation Based on Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study of the Yala Glacier and the Qiyi Glacier in the Third Pole
Authors: Yao Ruzhen , Shi Jiancheng
Published: October 2022

The climate warming over the Third Pole is twice as large as that in other regions and glacier mass loss is considered to be more intensive in the region. However, due to the vast geographical differences, the characteristics of glacier mass loss might be very different between different parts of the Third Pole, such as between the southern and northern Third Pole. It is, therefore, very important to clarify the characteristics of glacier mass loss between different parts of the Third Pole, particularly between the southern and northern Third Pole. We selected the Yala Glacier in the Central Himalayas and the Qiyi Glacier in the Qilian Mountains to study the different characteristics of glacier mass loss between the southern and northern Third Pole using remote sensing data and in situ data. Based on the results, we found that the Yala Glacier has not only been in a status of mass loss but also in a status of intensive and accelerating mass loss. Our analysis showed that the average multi-year mass loss of the Yala Glacier is −736 mm w.e.a−1, with a maximum of −1815 mm w.e.a−1. At the same time, the Qiyi Glacier has experienced a mild glacier mass loss process compared with the Yala Glacier. The Qiyi Glacier’s mass loss is −567 mm w.e.a−1 with a maximum of −1516 mm w.e.a−1. Our results indicate that the mass loss of the Yala Glacier is much stronger than that of the Qiyi Glacier. The major cause of the stronger mass loss of the Yala Glacier is from the decrease of glacier accumulation associated with precipitation decrease under the weakening Indian monsoon. Other factors have also contributed to the more intensive mass loss of the Yala Glacier.
Optimal On-Orbit Inspection of Satellite Formation
Authors: Caruso Andrea , Quarta Alessandro A. , Mengali Giovanni , Bassetto Marco
Published: October 2022

In a formation-flying mission where multiple spacecraft must cooperate and maintain a prescribed relative separation, the early detection of possible anomalies is a primary requirement. This is possible, for example, by employing an inspector spacecraft whose aim is to monitor the condition of the formation members with an on-orbit inspection. This paper analyzes a rest-to-rest multiple-impulse transfer that the inspector spacecraft must accomplish to visit all of the formation members. The problem is studied using the linearized Hill–Clohessy–Wiltshire equations and is solved in an optimal framework by minimizing the total velocity variation along the transfer trajectory. The solution algorithm implements a two-step procedure that combines differential evolution algorithms and Nelder–Mead simplex method-based routines. A case study is thoroughly investigated where a formation of six satellites covers a circular orbit of altitude 300km over Earth. The proposed algorithm could efficiently find a solution and with reduced computational times.
The Influence of Image Degradation on Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Li Congyu , Li Zhen , Liu Xinxin , Li Shutao
Published: October 2022

Recent advances in hyperspectral remote sensing techniques, especially in the hyperspectral image classification techniques, have provided efficient support for recognizing and analyzing ground objects. To date, most of the existing classification techniques have been designed for ideal hyperspectral images and have verified their effectiveness on high-quality hyperspectral image datasets. However, in real applications, available hyperspectral images often contain varying degrees of image degradation. Whether or not the classification accuracy will be reduced due to degradation problems in input data, and how it will be reduced become interesting questions. In this paper, we explore the effects of degraded inputs in hyperspectral image classification including the five typical degradation problems of low spatial resolution, Gaussian noise, stripe noise, fog, and shadow. Seven representative classification methods are chosen from different categories of classification methods and applied to analyze the specific influences of image degradation problems. Experiments are carried out from the aspects of single-type synthetic image degradation and mixed-type real image degradation. Consistent results from synthetic and real-data experiments show that the effects of degraded hyperspectral data in classification are related to image features, degradation types, degradation degrees, and the characteristics of classification methods. This provides constructive information for method selection in real applications where high-quality hyperspectral data are difficult to obtain and encourages researchers to develop more stable and effective classification methods for degraded hyperspectral images.
Optimization and Validation of Hyperspectral Estimation Capability of Cotton Leaf Nitrogen Based on SPA and RF
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Lv Xin , Ma Lulu , Chen Aiqun , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Ze
Published: October 2022

By studying the spectral information of cotton leaf nitrogen content, sensitive feature bands and spectral indices for leaf nitrogen content were screened, and different methods were used to model the screened feature bands and indices to find a method with higher accuracy and stability of the inversion model, which provides a theoretical basis and technical support for remote sensing estimation of cotton nitrogen content in Xinjiang. The experiment was conducted in 2019–2020 at the Second Company of Shihezi University Teaching Experimental Farm in Xinjiang, China, with six fertilization treatments (0, 120, 240, 360, 480 kg/hm pure N), sampled at five key fertility stages of cotton (squaring stage, full budding stage, flowering, boll stage, and boll opening stage), and the obtained data were used in two modeling approaches (eigenbands and spectral indices) to establish a cotton nitrogen estimation model and estimate the cotton leaf N content. The results showed that the nonlinear model using SVR was validated with an R2 of 0.71 and an RMSE of 3.91. The linear models of MLR and PLS were developed for the feature bands screened by SPA and RF, respectively, and the best modeling result was achieved by SPA-PLS with a validated R2 of 0.722 and an RMSE of 3.83. The existing spectral indices were optimized by screening the central wavelength and the simple linear regression model was constructed. The inversion effect of the SVR model with the characteristic spectral modeling was better than the index results. However, compared with the direct use of the characteristic wavelengths and the SVR way of modeling, the accuracy of leaf N content estimation by the model built by optimizing the spectral indices was reduced but the stability was greatly improved, and it can be used as a hyperspectral model for leaf N content at full fertility. The hyperspectral estimation of leaf N content in cotton can be used as a hyperspectral estimation method for the whole fertility period.
A Polar Robust Kalman Filter Algorithm for DVL-Aided SINSs Based on the Ellipsoidal Earth Model
Authors: Tian Ming , Liang Zhonghong , Liao Zhikun , Yu Ruihang , Guo Honggang , Wang Lin
Published: October 2022

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) play an increasingly essential role in the field of polar ocean exploration, and the Doppler velocity log (DVL)-aided strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is widely used for it. Due to the rapid convergence of the meridians, traditional inertial navigation mechanisms fail in the polar region. To tackle this problem, a transverse inertial navigation mechanism based on the earth ellipsoidal model is designed in this paper. Influenced by the harsh environment of the polar regions, unknown and time-varying outlier noise appears in the output of DVL, which makes the performance of the standard Kalman filter degrade. To address this issue, a robust Kalman filter algorithm based on Mahalanobis distance is used to adaptively estimate measurement noise covariance; thus, the Kalman filter gain can be modified to weight the measurement. A trial ship experiment and semi-physical simulation experiment were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively resist the influence of DVL outliers and improve positioning accuracy.
Data Center Traffic Prediction Algorithms and Resource Scheduling
Authors: Tan Min , Ba Ruixuan , Li Guohui
Published: October 2022

This paper uses intelligent methods such as a time recurrent neural network to predict network traffic, mainly to solve the problems of resource imbalance and demand differentiation under the current 5G cloud-network collaborative architecture. An improved tree species optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the initial network data, and the LSTM model is used to predict the data center traffic to obtain better network traffic prediction accuracy, take corresponding measures, and finally build a scheduling algorithm that integrates business cooperative caching and load balancing based on traffic prediction to reduce the peak pressure of the 5G data center network.
Network Threat Detection Using Machine/Deep Learning in SDN-Based Platforms: A Comprehensive Analysis of State-of-the-Art Solutions, Discussion, Challenges, and Future Research Direction
Authors: Ahmed Naveed , Ngadi Asri bin , Sharif Johan Mohamad , Hussain Saddam , Uddin Mueen , Rathore Muhammad Siraj , Iqbal Jawaid , Abdelhaq Maha , Alsaqour Raed , Ullah Syed Sajid , Zuhra Fatima Tul
Published: October 2022

A revolution in network technology has been ushered in by software defined networking (SDN), which makes it possible to control the network from a central location and provides an overview of the network’s security. Despite this, SDN has a single point of failure that increases the risk of potential threats. Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) prevent intrusions into a network and preserve the network’s integrity, availability, and confidentiality. Much work has been done on NIDS but there are still improvements needed in reducing false alarms and increasing threat detection accuracy. Recently advanced approaches such as deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) have been implemented in SDN-based NIDS to overcome the security issues within a network. In the first part of this survey paper, we offer an introduction to the NIDS theory, as well as recent research that has been conducted on the topic. After that, we conduct a thorough analysis of the most recent ML- and DL-based NIDS approaches to ensure reliable identification of potential security risks. Finally, we focus on the opportunities and difficulties that lie ahead for future research on SDN-based ML and DL for NIDS.
Individualized Short-Term Electric Load Forecasting Using Data-Driven Meta-Heuristic Method Based on LSTM Network
Authors: Sun Lichao , Qin Hang , Przystupa Krzysztof , Majka Michal , Kochan Orest
Published: October 2022

Short-term load forecasting is viewed as one promising technology for demand prediction under the most critical inputs for the promising arrangement of power plant units. Thus, it is imperative to present new incentive methods to motivate such power system operations for electricity management. This paper proposes an approach for short-term electric load forecasting using long short-term memory networks and an improved sine cosine algorithm called MetaREC. First, using long short-term memory networks for a special kind of recurrent neural network, the dispatching commands have the characteristics of storing and transmitting both long-term and short-term memories. Next, four important parameters are determined using the sine cosine algorithm base on a logistic chaos operator and multilevel modulation factor to overcome the inaccuracy of long short-term memory networks prediction, in terms of the manual selection of parameter values. Moreover, the performance of the MetaREC method outperforms others with regard to convergence accuracy and convergence speed on a variety of test functions. Finally, our analysis is extended to the scenario of the MetaREC_long short-term memory with back propagation neural network, long short-term memory networks with default parameters, long short-term memory networks with the conventional sine-cosine algorithm, and long short-term memory networks with whale optimization for power load forecasting on a real electric load dataset. Simulation results demonstrate that the multiple forecasts with MetaREC_long short-term memory can effectively incentivize the high accuracy and stability for short-term power load forecasting.
Portable and Non-Intrusive Fill-State Detection for Liquid-Freight Containers Based on Vibration Signals
Authors: Song Yanjue , Van Hoecke Ernest , Madhu Nilesh
Published: October 2022

Remote, automated querying of fill-states of liquid-freight containers can significantly boost the operational efficiency of rail- and storage-yards. Most existing methods for fill-state detection are intrusive, or require sophisticated instrumentation and specific testing conditions, making them unsuitable here, due to the noisy and changeable surroundings and restricted access to the interior. We present a non-intrusive system that exploits the influence of the fill-state on the container’s response to an external excitation. Using a solenoid and accelerometer mounted on the exterior wall of the container, to generate pulsed excitation and to measure the container response, the fill-state can be detected. The decision can be either a binary (empty/non-empty) label or a (quantised) prediction of the liquid level. We also investigate the choice of the signal features for the detection/classification, and the placement of the sensor and actuator. Experiments conducted in real settings validate the algorithms and the prototypes. Results show that the placement of the sensor and actuator along the base of the container is the best in terms of detection accuracy. In terms of signal features, linear predictive cepstral coefficients possess sufficient discriminative information. The prediction accuracy is 100% for binary classification and exceeds 80% for quantised level prediction.
Subjective Well-Being and Future Orientation of NEETs: Evidence from the Italian Sample of the European Social Survey
Authors: Felaco Cristiano , Parola Anna
Published: October 2022

The acronym ‘NEET’ includes adolescents and young people aged 15–34 years not engaged in education, employment or training programs. According to recent studies, NEET represents a high-risk category to suffer from lower well-being and mental health problems. Following a life course approach, this study examined the self-reported subjective well-being and the future orientation of NEETs. To do this, the study used the latest European Social Survey data (Round 9—2018), limiting our analysis to Italian respondents aged 15–34 years. The final sample included 695 participants. Descriptive analysis and Student’s t-test were performed to compare the subjective well-being and the future orientation of NEETs with those of non-NEET young adults. We hypothesize lower subjective well-beings in the NEET group and more difficulties in future planning than in the non-NEET group. Then, a mediation path model was carried out to study the relationship between employment condition (non-NEET/NEET) and subjective well-being through future orientation. The path model showed the mediator role of future orientation. Results indicated that future orientation plays a role in mitigating the effect of the unemployment condition on well-being. Starting from these findings, practical implications regarding career guidance interventions are discussed.
Introduction to Special Issue “Parenting in the 21st Century”
Authors: Buchanan Christy M. , Glatz Terese
Published: October 2022

The nature of parenting and parent–child relationships is often dramatically affected by the historical period in which one raises children [...]
SDG4 and the Ambiguity of Sustainable Development: The Case of Poor Schools in South Africa
Authors: Maistry Suriamurthee Moonsamy
Published: October 2022

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was conceived as a blueprint for development and an acknowledgment that poverty and multiple deprivations continue to plague large sections of the world’s population. Target 4.7 of SDG4, in particular, reads as follows: “By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development”. This article considers the question of how schools in contexts of extreme poverty and deprivation can sustain their continued existence. It aims to establish the specific nature of such contexts and engages in a discussion of the ethicality and complexity of imposing sustainable development content knowledge on children living at the edge of survival. Data from eight school principals were generated using a qualitative research approach that employed a series of in-depth interviews and onsite observations. The findings reveal the extent of community poverty and its effects on schools, the extent of neglect regarding poor schools and their struggles with sustainability, the extent of food insecurity and in-school feeding schemes, as well as the levels of desperation felt by school principals as they respond to the conditions they encounter. Teaching (and learning) the content of this Target 4.7 is likely to present a particularly complex challenge in those school contexts characterized by severe destitution and deprivation, given the content’s middle-classness in contradistinction to the immediate lived experience of the destitute.
Viral Hijacking of BET Proteins
Authors: Chen Irene P. , Ott Melanie
Published: October 2022

Proteins of the bromodomain and exterminal domain (BET) family mediate critical host functions such as cell proliferation, transcriptional regulation, and the innate immune response, which makes them preferred targets for viruses. These multidomain proteins are best known as transcriptional effectors able to read acetylated histone and non-histone proteins through their tandem bromodomains. They also contain other short motif-binding domains such as the extraterminal domain, which recognizes transcriptional regulatory proteins. Here, we describe how different viruses have evolved to hijack or disrupt host BET protein function through direct interactions with BET family members to support their own propagation. The network of virus-BET interactions emerges as highly intricate, which may complicate the use of small-molecule BET inhibitors–currently in clinical development for the treatment of cancer and cardiovascular diseases–to treat viral infections.
The Novel hDHODH Inhibitor MEDS433 Prevents Influenza Virus Replication by Blocking Pyrimidine Biosynthesis
Authors: Sibille Giulia , Luganini Anna , Sainas Stefano , Boschi Donatella , Lolli Marco Lucio , Gribaudo Giorgio
Published: October 2022

The pharmacological management of influenza virus (IV) infections still poses a series of challenges due to the limited anti-IV drug arsenal. Therefore, the development of new anti-influenza agents effective against antigenically different IVs is therefore an urgent priority. To meet this need, host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) can be evaluated as an alternative or complementary approach to current direct-acting agents (DAAs) for the therapy of IV infections. As a contribution to this antiviral strategy, in this study, we characterized the anti-IV activity of MEDS433, a novel small molecule inhibitor of the human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. MEDS433 exhibited a potent antiviral activity against IAV and IBV replication, which was reversed by the addition of exogenous uridine and cytidine or the hDHODH product orotate, thus indicating that MEDS433 targets notably hDHODH activity in IV-infected cells. When MEDS433 was used in combination either with dipyridamole (DPY), an inhibitor of the pyrimidine salvage pathway, or with an anti-IV DAA, such as N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), synergistic anti-IV activities were observed. As a whole, these results indicate MEDS433 as a potential HTA candidate to develop novel anti-IV intervention approaches, either as a single agent or in combination regimens with DAAs.
Immunoinformatics Approach to Design Multi-Epitope-Based Vaccine against Machupo Virus Taking Viral Nucleocapsid as a Potential Candidate
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Makhdoom Syeda Izma , Ali Urooj , Jabeen Khizra , Aziz Tariq , Khan Ayaz Ali , Jamil Sumbal , Shahzad Muhammad , Alharbi Metab , Alshammari Abdulrahman
Published: October 2022

The family members of Arenaviridae include members of the genus Machupo virus, which have bi-segmented negative sense RNA inside the envelope and can be transferred to humans through rodent carriers. Machupo virus, a member of the mammarenavirus genus, causes Bolivian hemorrhage fever, its viral nucleocapsid protein being a significant virulence factor. Currently, no treatment is available for Bolivian hemorrhage fever and work to develop a protective as well as post-diagnosis treatment is underway. Adding to these efforts, this study employed a reverse-vaccinology approach to design a vaccine with B and T-cell epitopes of the viral nucleocapsid protein of the Machupo virus. Five B-cell specific, eight MHC-I restricted, and 14 MHC-II restricted epitopes were finalized for the construct based on an antigenicity score of >0.5 and non-allergenicity as a key characteristic. The poly-histidine tag was used to construct an immunogenic and stable vaccine construct and 50S ribosomal 46 protein L7/L12 adjuvant with linkers (EAAAK, GPGPG, and AYY). It covers 99.99% of the world’s population, making it highly efficient. The physicochemical properties like the aliphatic index (118.31) and the GRAVY index (0.302) showed that the vaccine is easily soluble. The overall Ramachandran score of the construct was 90.7%, and the instability index was 35.13, endorsing a stable structure. The immune simulations demonstrated a long-lasting antibody response even after the excretion of the antigen from the body in the first 5 days of injection. The IgM + IgG titers were predicted to rise to 6000 10 days post-injection and were illustrated to be stable (around 3000) after a month, elucidating that the vaccine would be effective and provide enduring protection. Lastly, the molecular interaction between the construct and the IKBKE receptor was significant and a higher eigenfactor value in MD simulations confirmed the stable molecular interaction between the receptor and the vaccine, validating our construct.
The Role of Reactive Species on Innate Immunity
Authors: Andrés Celia , Pérez de la Lastra José , Juan Celia , Plou Francisco , Pérez-Lebeña Eduardo
Published: October 2022

This review examines the role of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and halogen RHS) on innate immunity. The importance of these species in innate immunity was first recognized in phagocytes that underwent a “respiratory burst” after activation. The anion superoxide •O2− and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 are detrimental to the microbial population. NADPH oxidase NOx, as an •O2− producer is essential for microbial destruction, and patients lacking this functional oxidase are more susceptible to microbial infections. Reactive nitrogen species RNS (the most important are nitric oxide radical -•NO, peroxynitrite ONOO— and its derivatives), are also harmful to microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Hypochlorous acid HOCl and hypothiocyanous acid HOSCN synthesized through the enzyme myeloperoxidase MPO, which catalyzes the reaction between H2O2 and Cl− or SCN−, are important inorganic bactericidal molecules, effective against a wide range of microbes. This review also discusses the role of antimicrobial peptides AMPs and their induction of ROS. In summary, reactive species RS are the heart of the innate immune system, and they are necessary for microbial lysis in infections that can affect mammals throughout their lives.
COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Hesitancy (VBH) among Healthcare Professionals of Pakistan, a Nationwide Survey
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Subhan , Masood Imran , Imran Imran , Saeed Hamid , Ahmad Imran , Ishaq Iqra , Yaseen Hafsa , Akbar Muqarrab , Chaudhry Muhammad Omer , Rasool Muhammad Fawad
Published: October 2022

Background: The waning vaccine immunity and emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 led health authorities across the globe to administer booster doses (BDs) of the COVID-19 vaccine. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the COVID-19 vaccine booster hesitancy (VBH) amongst Pakistani healthcare professionals (HCPs). Methods: A nationwide survey-based study was carried out from April 2022 to May 2022. The online self-administered questionnaire was utilized to collect data regarding demographics (age, gender, marital status, profession, residential area, and province), COVID-19 infection history (infection history, onset, and clinical severity of disease), previous COVID-19 vaccination (type of vaccination and the number of doses), attitudes towards BDs (acceptance, rejection, and hesitancy), and psychological drivers of VBH (perceived effectiveness, vaccine safety, risk/benefit ratio, and vaccine type preference). We assessed the association between the dependent variable attitudes of study participants, regarding BDs and independent variables (demographics, COVID-19 infection history, previous COVID-19 vaccination, and psychological drivers of VBH), by using the Chi-square test/Fisher exact test. Results: Among the 1164 study participants, 51.4% were male, and 80.4% were medical professionals. The half of study participants (52.1%) agreed to take the COVID-19 vaccine BD or had already taken it, while the rest of them refused (34.7%) or hesitated (24.2%) to take it. These attitudes of the participants were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with psychological divers about the COVID-19 vaccine BD. Conclusion: This study revealed that Pakistani HCPs hesitant to take the COVID-19 vaccine BD had concerns about the safety, efficacy, and risk/benefits ratio of the vaccine’s BD. To eliminate the hesitancy, regarding BD in HCPs, certain educational strategies should be implemented by health authorities to address the concerns of HCPs.
Assessment of changes in a child's body length during a health-improving shift with consideration of physical development, gender and age differences as an indicator of the effectiveness of health improvement
Authors:   1Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution «Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene» of Rospotrebnadzo, Novikova I. I. , Zubtsovskaya N. A. ,   1Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution «Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene» of Rospotrebnadzo, Sorokina A. V. ,   1Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution «Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene» of Rospotrebnadzo, Shevkun I. G. ,   Federal Service of Rospotrebnadzor,Moscow
Published: October 2022

Methodological evaluation of the effectiveness of recuperation of children at the present time, according to many authors, requires revision and improvement. One of the traditionally used criteria for assessing the effectiveness of recuperation are somatometric indicators. The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of the body length of the child during the health-improving shift (21 days) taking into account age and gender differences in order to further substantiate the applied criteria for assessing the effectiveness of health improvement. The object of the study was children of 7–17 years old (n = 18 081) who stayed at 52 stationary recreation and health improvement organizations and who got the high recuperation. effect during the change. Assessment of recuperation efficiency was conducted according to the currently existing methodological recommendations for assessing the effectiveness of recuperation in 2018, data collection and primary analysis were carried out by means of the software tool «Assessment of recuperation efficiency» developed by FBSI «Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene» of Rospotrebnadzor. The database was processed using parametric and nonparametric methods of statistical analysis. It was reliably established that children with underweight and deficit had a smaller mean value of growth gain than children in other physical development groups, also in this physical development group the lowest proportion of children who had growth gain was noted. At the same time, no reliable differences were found between the average values of growth gain in children of different age groups. The above identified patterns can be used in adjusting the integral assessment of the effectiveness of health promotion.
Influence of Temperature, Salinity, pH and Light on Molting and Growth in the Indian White Prawn Penaeus indicus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: VIJAYAN K.K. , DIWAN A.O.
Published: October 2022

The effects of temperature (26, 31, 32.5 and 35°C), salinity (5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 ppt), pH (7±0.2, 8±0.2 and 9±0.2) and light (24hL:00hD, t2hL:12hD and 24hD:00hL) on the molt cycle and growth of early juveniles of Indian white prawn Penaeus indicus were investigated independently under laboratory conditions. Temperature, salinity and pH significantly (P<0.01) influenced the molting and growth of the prawn. The influence by photoperiod was not significant (P>0.05). The optimal levels of temperature, salinity and pH, which gave the fast molt with highest growth increment in P. indicus were 31 °C, 15 ppt and pH 8±0.2, respectively. Outside the optimum level, more molting did not produce more growth. Extreme levels of temperature, salinity and pH affected feed intake and normal molting resulting in poor tissue growth.
High Density Pond Culture of Silver Perch, Bidyanus bidyanus
Authors: ROWLAND STUARTJ.
Published: October 2022

Silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus, fingerlings (mean weight 4.6 g) were stocked at a density of 43,000 fish·ha·1 in a 0.3-ha static, aerated, pond and fed a 35% protein diet at daily rates up to 168 kg·ha·1 for 14 months. Concentrations of total ammonia-nitrogen rose rapidly in summer and remained above 1.0 mg·J·1• There was an outbreak of the mycotic disease, epizootic ulcerative syndrome, following a bloom of Microcystis and a rapid rise of pH to 9.4 and un-ionized ammonia-­nitrogen to 0.39 mg·J·1• An estimated 18.1% of fish harvested using a boat-mounted electrofisher had spinal damage and internal hemorrhaging. The overall survival rate was 69.7%, the mean weight 402 g and the food conversion ratio 2.3:1. A production of 12,146 kg·ha·1and a daily pro­duction rate of 27.8 kg·ha·1 are the highest yet achieved with silver perch, confirming its potential for intensive culture in ponds with limited water exchange.
The Case History of a Large Natural Cohort of the Giant Clam Tridacna gigas (Fam. Tridacnidae) and the Implications for Re-stocking Depauperate Reefs with Maricultured Giant Clams
Authors: BRALEY R.D. , MUIR F.
Published: October 2022

A large pulse of recruitment of Tridacna gigas was first noticed in January 1987 when juveniles were about 18 months of age. Survival over 5 years was 56% at one site and 9.7% at another site. Shell length increased from a mean of 11.2 cm at about 18 months of age to a mean of 41.8 cm after 5 years (6.5 years from spawning). Juvenile clams of this cohort were close to random in spatial distribution. Preferred settlement and/or survival was found on several substrata such as branching Acropora sp. thickets, on filamentous algal covered surfaces, and in coral crevices. An understanding of the survival and growth of this year class of T. gigas through long-term monitoring will contribute to the wise management of this resource. These results also indicate that the use of cultured juvenile clams to restock areas depauperate of giant clams in Asia and the Pacific will be successful.
Population Biology of Sbour Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton-Buchanan) in Kuwait
Authors: AL-BAZ A.F. , GROVE DJ.
Published: October 2022

Tenualosa ilisha ( =H11sa ilisha), locally known as sbour, is one of the most important target species in the Kuwaiti drift-net fishery. Average annual landings in 1981--89 amounted to 152 t, and constituted about 2.5% of Kuwait's total commercial fish landing (6,000 t·year1 ). This study provides information on the biology, growth and mortality of T. ilisha in this fishery. Specimens of T. ilisha ranged in size from 14 to 57 cm, and in age from 1 to 5 years. The length-weight relationship was W = 0.011 L2·983 for males and W = 0.007 L3•104 for females. Von Bertalanffy growth equations estimated for both sexes from Gulland's {1964) and Allen's (1966) methods are Gulland: L1 = 52. 70 (l-e-0.28 It + 0.261) Allen: L, = 52.50 (l-e-0.36 11 + 0.0,1) The average total mortality (Z) was ca1culated to be 1.3 ± 0.1 (95% confidence limits) year1• Natural and fishing mortality were estimated to be 0.5 and 0.8 per year, respectively. Length at maturity (L5096) for females was estimated as 41.5 ± 3.5 cm (95% confidence limit). Seasonal changes in the ovarian weight of mature females were used to determine when the spawning season takes place through the relationship between ovary and carcass weight for February-July 1990. It was found that T. ilisha may spawn from May to July with a peak in June.
Trade agreements of the Eurasian Economic Union: current state and prospects
Authors: Pomerlyan E. A.
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the main approaches of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), a regional trade bloc created to support the sustainable economic growth of the countries of the region, towards establishing regional and interregional trade cooperation, including through conclusion of trade agreements. The article describes the network of existing EAEU’s trade agreements and formulates proposals for further development of trade relations. The article concludes that the Eurasian integration represents a necessary condition for further strengthening of interregional trade and economic ties of the EAEU.
Os impactos na vigilância das doenças tropicais negligenciadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Neta Márcia Cleide Madureira Fagundes Gomes , Vieira Anielly Araújo , Ribeiro Árisson Danilo Ferreira , Santos Lucas Mateus Advíncola , Prates Marcus Vinicius Dias , Advíncola Victor Emanuel dos Reis , Costa Magnania Cristiane Pereira da , Ribeiro Gabriela de Cássia
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: descrever a produção científica que aborda os impactos na vigilância das Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa norteada pela pergunta: "Quais os impactos na vigilância das Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas durante a pandemia da Covid-19?”. A busca foi realizada com a utilização dos descritores Doenças Negligenciadas; Vigilância e Covid-19, em português e inglês, nas bases de dados Web of Science; Pubmed e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Medline e Lilacs) entre os anos de 2020 a 2022.  Resultados: Foram selecionados 16 artigos classificados em dois eixos temáticos: (i) prevenção e controle e (ii) tratamento e reabilitação. Conclusão: verificou-se diversos impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 na vigilância das Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas que podem dificultar o alcance das metas definidas para 2030. Logo, sugere-se a realização de estudos, principalmente no Brasil, que abordem essa repercussão para que as medidas de contenção sejam reforçadas.
Pembuatan dan Penggunaan Alat Detektor Gempa Untuk Pendidikan Kebencanaan Bagi Anak Santri di Pondok Pesantren Al Muyamman, Giwangan, Yogyakarta
Authors: Rakhman Arie Noor , Maulana Fivry Wellda
Published: October 2022

People who live in the Giwangan area, Umbulharjo District, Yogyakarta have public awareness in response to earthquake conditions. However, this is not the case for the migrant communities who lived after the earthquake in 2006. They are still inexperienced in dealing with earthquake situations. Some of them have not even interacted with local wisdom culture, especially in recognizing vibrations at the beginning of the earthquake. This is also the case in the neighborhood of education in Al Muyamman Giwangan. This community service aims to introduce ways of being responsive to the initial situation of the earthquake. The service method that has been carried out is through training in the manufacture and use of earthquake detectors for students. The results of the training showed that the participants were able to make an earthquake detector. This tool uses the sensitivity of the pendulum swing in a bottle against earthquake vibrations. Physically, the magnitude of the detected earthquake vibrations is like the ground surface vibration propagation when a truck is passed. Based on the approach to the magnitude of the Mercalli earthquake, the vibration is of magnitude 3 MMI (Modified Mercalli Intensity). This earthquake is equivalent to 4.3 on the Richter scale, still allowing people to save themselves. After the initial response to earthquake vibrations, it is necessary to be responsive when an earthquake occurs. This responsiveness is as understanding the existence of the assembly point location. We can carry evacuation efforts out if the location has exit access, release exits and supporting facilities that are in accordance with environmental conditions and local wisdom culture.
Peningkatan Softskil Kompetensi IOT Untuk Siswa-Siswi SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kramat
Authors: Huda Miftakhul , Sabanise Yerry Febrian , Sulasmoro Arfan Haqiqi
Published: October 2022

The need for an IOT approach with the world of education, especially at thevocational level so that students can know the development of technological advances.Because in the world of school or college a lot of time is spent on time-consuming activitiesand eventually deviates from the main purpose of educational institutions, for examplechecking student attendance which must be done several times a day. The existence of IoTwill help this inefficient system. Students' knowledge of IoT needs to be increased, studentsfeel the need to increase the provision of material, so the solution is to increase students'knowledge in mastering IoT and IoT components ranging from sensors, CPUs, embeddeddevice operating systems, networking. After carrying out Community Service activities withthe theme IOT Competency Softskill Improvement for Students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1Kramat after participating in this activity, students know IOT better and gain mastery of IOTcomponents.
Memahami Indeks Persepsi Korupsi (IPK) Indonesia Dan Kontribusi Polisi Militer Untuk Meningkatkan IPK
Authors: Heryadi Adi , Tarigan Ilham B , Astuti Weni
Published: October 2022

Indonesia's Corruption Perceptions Index score in 2020 is a reflection of public perceptionsthat were the object of the survey during 2020. Data released by Transparency InternationalIndonesia in January 2021 placed Indonesia with a GPA score of 37/100, down 3 points from2019 which was 40/100. From the various aspects surveyed, some have decreased and somehave stagnated. World Justice Project-Rule Of Law Index, which is an indicator thatmeasures public authority in the executive, legislative, and police/military (Suyatmiko(2021) is a score that has increased. Indonesia's corruption perception index score 2020 andhow the contribution of the Military Police contributes to boost the score Indonesian GPAfor the honor and honor of the nation in the eyes of the international community Serviceactivities will be held on December 28, 2021 at the Denpom IV/2 Yogyakarta HeadquartersJalan Magelang KM 5.5 Mlati, Sleman, DIY. Participants in this activity are 20 (twenty)members of Denpom IV /2 Yogyakarta from the enlisted, non-commissioned, to officer levels.However, 19 participants followed through to the end of the evaluation and evaluationactivities using the lecture and discussion method. It was found that 53% of participantsreally understood the material on the Indonesian Corruption Perception Index, as many as37% quite understood and do not understand 10%. Participants are also able to helpunderstand as members of the Military Police to improve their p increase in GPA scores fromcarrying out main tasks and as a member of the Police.
TRANSPARENCY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES OF ZAKAT COLLECTION AT KEDAH STATE ZAKAT BOARD (LZNK)
Authors: Mohd Yassin Khairiah
Published: October 2022

Transparency is one of the important elements to identify integrity based on work practices in an organization. In Kedah, organizations such as the Kedah State Zakat Board (LZNK) emphasize the principle of integrity in their governance practices. However, LZNK is also not exempt from dealing with integrity issues such as fake amils, use of fake stamps or receipts, and more. It is also clouded by the negative views of the society on the issue of distribution of zakat to the asnaf who are eligible to receive zakat but do not receive it. Thus, this article is highlighted to examine the concept of transparency in organizational governance, and to analysing transparency in the implementation of standard operating procedures of zakat collection in the Kedah State Zakat Board (LZNK). The research method of this article is based on qualitative research by using literature review and in-depth interviews as the basis of data collection methods. Data analysis uses descriptive textual analysis to examine the concept and analysis of transparency, especially in the standard operating procedures of zakat collection in LZNK. Preliminary findings of the study obtained that the collection of zakat implemented by LZNK is made based on the SOP provided. However, there are still many elements of transparency that need to be improved by LZNK, especially in the process of launching zakat collection throughout Kedah. The implications of this article focus on the improvement of standard operating procedures for zakat collection in LZNK on the hand, and on the other hand is to highlight as a leading zakat organization on the local and international level.
The activities of the first research universities in the USA and Europe: experience for Ukraine
Authors: Kamyshуn V. V. , Balanchuk I. S.
Published: October 2022

After the creation and start of operation of the first research universities, interest in the work of such institutions is growing; the scientific community does not cease to use all the benefits from the activities of such educational institutions. Teaching and research have become an integral part of the classical research universities in Europe and the USA, setting new standards in the educational and scientific process. The purpose of this article is to study the history of the creation of the first research universities in Europe and the USA, as well as the characteristics of modern research educational institutions in the leading countries of the world. The main scientific methods that were used in writing this work are comparative-historical and system-analytical methods, which made it possible, through comparison and analysis, as well as through analytical work, to establish key points, identify the nature of the interaction and evaluate the overall results of the activities of the first research universities in Europe and the USA. The main results obtained in the course of this study can be identified as follows: characteristics and classification of research universities in leading European countries and the USA; the main prerequisites for the development of the system of research universities in Ukraine. The results of this scientific work and the conclusions obtained in the course of the presented study can be used for further scientific research on this topic, as well as for: teachers and students of higher educational institutions in the specialty of history, pedagogy, educational technology.
Studying and selecting effective flocculants for the purification of the Kama River water
Authors: Бурганов Р.Т. , Хасанова Д.И. , Гильмутдинова Г.Ф. , Кирилова М.А. , Коврижных Е.А.
Published: October 2022

На примере камской речной воды показано преимущество использования флокулянтов различной ионной активности совместно с коагулянтом на основе гидроксохлорида алюминия. Приведены результаты исследований основных физико-химических показателей, позволяющих более полно представить особенности коагуляционной обработки камской речной воды. В условиях проведенных экспериментов все испытанные флокулянты по своей эффективности сопоставимы с применяемым в настоящее время на водоблоке ПАО «Нижнекамскнефтехим» флокулянтом на основе хлорида полидиаллилдиметиламмония. В процессе осветления воды предложено использовать флокулянт (образец № 1) с дозой 1–3 мг/дм3. Показано, что совместное применение гидроксохлорида алюминия с флокулянтом (образцом № 1) в большей степени эффективно для извлечения из воды ионов алюминия. Метод коагуляционной обработки речной воды с применением флокулянта (образца № 1) отличается от существующего тем, что является более экономически эффективным и позволяет снизить расход последнего на 50–60%.

Using the Kama River water as an example, the advantage of using flocculants of various ionic activity in combination with a coagulant based on polyaluminum chloride is shown. The results of studies of the main physical and chemical indicators are presented that better characterize the specific features of the coagulation of the Kama River water. Under the experimental conditions all tested flocculants were comparable as for the effectiveness to the flocculant based on polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride currently used at the water unit of Nizhnekamskneftekhim PJSC. In the process of water clarification using a flocculant (sample No. 1) was proposed with a dose of 1–3 mg/dm3. It was shown that the combined use of polyaluminum chloride and the flocculant (sample No. 1) was more effective for extracting aluminum ions from water. The method of river water coagulation with the use of the flocculant (sample No. 1) differs from the existing one in higher cost-effectiveness and 50–60% reduction the of the chemical consumption.
Determining the Optimal Rice Distribution Route in Medan City Using Dijkstra's Algorithm
Authors: Jason Jason , Sembiring Anita Christine , Viviana Viviana
Published: October 2022

Distribution is an activity carried out to spread the product throughout the market so that consumers can buy it. Distribution can also affect the price of goods. Therefore, the distribution must be effective. The purpose of this study is to determine the shortest route that is effective in distribution so that product prices are not high and the company does not suffer losses. The data analysis method used is Dijkstra's Algorithm obtained with data on the distance between the starting point and the destination point through predetermined points. The calculation results show that the shortest and fastest routes to be taken based on the dijkstra algorithm are: A-20-19-F-26-C-D-11-12-B-E with a distance of 40.71 km. There are several road routes that can be chosen to be used but the shortest route that can be taken is 40.71 km. Medan Rice Distributors are expected to choose the shortest transportation route so that rice distribution can be carried out quickly and optimally.