bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review and analysis of existing methods to assess the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) for office buildings
Authors: De Castro Jacinto Cláudia , De Paula Junior Adilson Campos , Silva Sandra Maria Gomes Monteiro , Mateus Ricardo Filipe Mesquita Silva
Published: April 2023

Population in developed countries spend most of their time indoors, whether in their homes, workplaces, stores or leisure areas. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this situation worsened and now, more than ever, the importance of a high Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) is highlighted. The IEQ is very important in building performance since it is directly related to its occupants’ comfort, health, wellbeing, and productivity and the Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) concept.Therefore, it is essential to develop tools to support designers’ decision-making in the materialization of indoor environments with higher quality. From the state-of-art analysis, it is possible to conclude that the methods to assess the overall building performance already consider the IEQ. Still, most use an approach that does not cover all relevant indicators.In this context, this paper presents the first milestone of a research work that aims to develop a new method to rate the overall IEQ of office buildings in Portugal.The main objective of the present study is to propose a list of IEQ indicators for office buildings, adapted to the Portuguese context, based on the analysis of existing rating methods for buildings and the recommendations of national and international standards.
Closing the loop of textile: Circular building renovation with novel recycled insulations from wasted clothes
Authors: Augello Andrea , Carcassi Olga Beatrice , Pittau Francesco , Malighetti Laura Elisabetta , De Angelis Enrico
Published: April 2023

The implementation of new energy policies and standards for NZEB is expected to lead to a significant reduction of GHG emissions from building use in Europe in the next decades. On the other side, the growing pressure on insulation materials risks to significantly contribute to the exhaustion of the remaining carbon budget due to the high carbon intensity of conventional insulation for material processing. Consequently, storing carbon in construction products and promoting circular economies able to generate up-cycling processes from industrial or post-consumption waste are the key strategies to promote an effective transition toward a carbon-neutral society. Fashion & clothing is one of the manufacturing sectors which mostly contributes to waste generation and fossil GHG emission. This paper presents the main outcomes achieved from RECYdress project, which focuses on the valorisation of wasted textile collected by municipal districts to develop novel thermal insulations for building applications. Three alternative conceptual manufacturing processes were defined at lab scale based on different treatment of textile fibres, with produced specimens tested for thermal characterization. Finally, the LCA results of an ETICS application for façade renovation were compared considering as functional unit 1m2 of façade with similar thermal resistance.
Hygric performance of new building components for vertical green gardens
Authors: Kopecký Pavel
Published: April 2023

The newly developed box-like panel lightweight element for vertical greenery was designed and built at University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings of the Czech Technical University in 2020. A test site for testing green facade components is operated since spring 2021. Test samples differ in shape, arrangement of functional layers, water distribution means and irrigation patterns. The article presents and discusses measured data at selected test samples during growing season in year 2021. Physical quantities, such as surface temperature of plants, moisture content and matric potential of growing substrate, water inflow and outflow, and ambient boundary conditions, were recorded.
Low rents and low operating costs in social housing - an example from Germany
Authors: Grossklos Marc , Müller André
Published: April 2023

The social housing project “PassiveHouseSocialPlus” in Germany with 42 residential apartments demonstrates how low rents and low operating costs can be combined. Different concepts for reducing operating costs were implemented and tested in one refurbished and one new apartment building. High energy efficiency for heating (passive house standard) and domestic hot water preparationwere complemented by efficiency measures for household electricity (e.g. pre-installed energy-efficient kitchen appliances, LED lighting) and water savings through gray water usage for flushing toilets.Additionally, a flat rate billing scheme for most of the ancillary costs was established. Due to the overall low level of consumption, space heating and domestic hot water are also included in the flat rate with defined budgets. Displays in all apartments are informing the tenants about the used-up budget and show a forecast for the consumption of water and electricity until the end of the year.Results from more than two years of measuring are showing a low consumption of heat, which is about in the calculated range. The budgets for drinking water and electricity are slightly exceeded on average, nevertheless, the consumption levels are significantly below average consumption in Germany. The operating costs are around 30 % below the costs of comparable apartments in the same city.
Measurement and CFD analysis of a local radiant cooling solution
Authors: Najaf Khosravi Shiva , Teufl Helene , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: April 2023

This paper entails an empirical and computational assessment of the air flow field in the close proximity of a vertically positioned radiant cooling panel. This radiant cooling solution differs from the conventional large-area radiant cooling systems (e.g., ceiling panels). It involves rather small-sized vertical panels positioned close to occupants. Moreover, the panels are designed so as to manage potential surface condensation of water vapor via integrated drainage elements. Hence, the panels can be operated with relatively low surface temperatures. The low panel surface temperature and its proximity to the occupants are intended to compensate for the potential lower cooling power due to the relatively small panel size. In this paper, we specifically explore the air flow field close to the local radiant cooling panel via laboratory measurements and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Thus, possible issues regarding discomfort due to draft and turbulence risk close to the radiant panel can be examined. To this end, a prototypical local radiant cooling panel was installed in a mock-up office room of a laboratory. During the experiments, the air flow speed was measured and simulated at several heights (between 10 and 110 cm from the floor) and distances (ranging from 1 to 50 cm from the radiant panel). The results allow for the evaluation of the draft discomfort risk as well as the reliability of CFD in reproduction of the measurement results. A further step involved the numeric analysis of the effect of the human model on the air flow patter.
Excellence in building science education: Experiences with a Central European experiment
Authors: Mahdavi Ardeshir , Martens Bob , Pont Ulrich , Schuss Matthias , Teufl Helene , Berger Christiane
Published: April 2023

The spectrum of educational programs in building science is wide and diverse. Whereas the academic landscapes across the world vary significantly, general discourse postulates certain rather broad characterizations. For instance, some schools, especially in the Anglo-Saxon context, are suggested to target a selective, private, and high-tuition approach. Others, particularly in the European context, have a more broad, public, and affordable nature. Even though highly simplistic and perhaps even misleading, this distinction has been frequently accompanied by the implicit assumption that true excellence (the so-called world-class) education in general and building science education in particular is possible only in the former settings. In this paper, we report on a specific academic degree program, namely the Master in Building Science and Technology (BST) program, which may be argued to cast doubt on this assumption. Initiated at TU Wien, Austria, BST was offered over a period of almost two decades. In this paper, we briefly present the genesis of this program, its features, its accomplishments, and its termination. Thereby, our primary objective is to inform similar and future initiatives, particularly across Central Europe, where many public universities exist, the building industry has a substantial presence, and the education of a future generation of technically competent, environmentally conscious, and socially responsible building planners and engineers is of essence.
Twin Rooms – new experimental test cells for testing advanced facade elements
Authors: Bielek Boris , Szabó Daniel , Klem Josip , Kaniková Kristína , Danková Alžbeta
Published: April 2023

Nowadays the global trend is the integration of new materials, constructions and technological principles, which are simultaneously implemented in individual scientific and engineering disciplines. Reducing the energy intensity of buildings will increasingly resonate in individual political and professional circles. As a result, new fragments of building envelopes in the field of facade engineering are being developed and tested. Testing of building envelope is carried out either in static (laboratory) boundary conditions or in dynamic (climatic, real) conditions. The determination of the test method is conditioned by the specific intention or the investigated phenomenon within the construction of the building envelope. Currently, we finished the development and realization of the new experimental facility Twin Rooms for testing advanced elements of building envelopes in dynamic boundary conditions (in the real climate of Central Europe - Bratislava) in terms of building thermal engineering and energy efficiency of buildings. It is based on the concept of pavilion measurement. The essence of the research is that the outdoor climate is modelled by the conditions of the real outdoor climate. Test cells consists of a solar laboratory - two-room for a comparative study of the effect of solar radiation and heat transfer on energy consumption and indoor climate. The space of two identical laboratory rooms is situated inside a container - a pavilion, whose climate is a compensating space. Only the tested facade element walls are exposed to the outdoor climate. The exchange of energy with the environment is possible only through this measured facade wall. The article brings a detailed description of this experimental equipment, basic technical parameters of its technological circuits and methodology of experimental measurements.
Solar shelter: Exploring architectural design input for industrially-crafted shading devices
Authors: Pont Ulrich , Swoboda Sigrun , Schober Peter
Published: April 2023

European Cities are strongly affected by the Urban Heat Island effect and Climate change impacts in recent and future summer periods. As such, the integration of passive cooling strategies is of increasing importance for the overall AEC (Architecture-Engineering-Construction) domain. Amongst other strategies, one of the most prominent strategies is the timely deployment of shading devices. While the shading device constructions connected to the inside, interstitial position or exterior of transparent building envelope components is thus an important part of the building, little change can be observed in the principal design and technology of such shading elements. Moreover, target conflicts between shading device deployment and architectural appearance can be observed in European Cities. For instance, the ensemble protection of the Vienna City morphology was - for a long time - considered to be more important than potent shading devices.The present contribution presents the approach of an effort toward highly-esthetical, functional shading devices that provide - despite their architectural-design approach - a high degree of shading performance. Together with the window-building industry, four different shading device designs have been designed, developed and virtually tested. The design process was guided by critical reviews by domain experts and performance simulation efforts. We present the genesis of the four designs and their performance implications as a proof of concept that effective shading systems can be understood as part of the esthetics of a building and practical passive cooling device at the same time.
Exploring the State of Knowledge and Gaps Regarding Sustainability within Viennese Construction Industry
Authors: Santana-Sosa Aída , Aichholzer Martin , Mitrenova Elena , Schachenhofer Martin
Published: April 2023

Different approaches to assess sustainability goals are found in construction sector, mainly related to energy efficiency through building technology and high-tech components, to low-tech strategies based on passive planning methods, the use of renewable raw materials, and building certification programs, which, however, are mainly an evaluation of already built objects. Austrian construction industry is extremely fragmented and heterogeneous, making research, development and innovation an issue for companies. The core of this project is to bridge the specific gaps in knowledge within Viennese construction companies about sustainable architecture and respond to these urgent needs by developing a customized postgraduate course. Within the first phase of the project, team meetings, a workshop and an online survey were run to assess the state of knowledge of Viennese companies. By doing so, information deficits were identified, companies' need for knowledge was determined and topics to be transferred were raised.
Bringing students closer to the issues of indoor environmental quality and technology using nEMoS device: an experience in Albania
Authors: Francesco Salamone , Belussi Lorenzo , Danza Ludovico , Dobjani Etleva , Ghellere Matteo , Meroni Italo , Shtylla Arben , Shtylla Saimir
Published: April 2023

The article presents the outcomes of a monitoring campaign and a survey performed in a~school building in Tirana. Included in the Bilateral Agreement between the National Research Council of Italy and the Ministry of Education and Sport of the Republic of Albania, the research is based on environmental analysis, collection of data from monitoring of environmental variables and students' feedback. The monitoring of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) was carried out with a~nearable Environmental Monitoring System (nEMoS) for IEQ purposes, designed and developed by ITC-CNR based on the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) philosophy. The proliferation of the maker movement philosophy has promoted the diffusion of DIY-based technologies. The spread of this movement is observed outside schools but there is a growing interest among educators to introduce this philosophy in the students' education, approaching to STEAM (Science Technology Engineering Arts Mathematics) in a different and more stimulating way. The application of two nEMoS devices in two classrooms (in different locations) aroused the curiosity of students, bringing them closer to the world of technology with a practical example. It also increased their awareness about the overall IEQ conditions in the classrooms where they spend a considerable part of their lives.
Development of a realistic scenario for the thermal energy demand of residential buildings in Bavaria till 2050
Authors: Barton Michael , Pichlmeier Franziska , Wolter Marissa , Schweigler Christian
Published: April 2023

To achieve the climate protection goals, enormous efforts must be undertaken in all sectors: households, industry, commerce, and transport. Following a straightforward approach, the political objectives foresee, that in the building sector a massive reduction of energy use for the heat supply is accomplished. However, previous investigations have shown that this reduction of energy consumption is not feasible. Older buildings exhibit especially high energy demand and emissions. Yet, due to the low refurbishment rate, no substantial change of the heat demand can be expected within the next decades. By fully renovating the entire residential building stock, approximately 70 % of the final energy demand and related CO2 emissions could be saved, still not enough to reach the political goals. Therefore, renovation or renewal of buildings and of the use of renewable energy sources have to be implemented jointly for achieving the desired savings.The methods used to estimate the characteristics of Bavaria’s residential building stock as well as its heating energy demand and related CO2 emissions for the year 2050 are presented. Alternative goals are given which base upon the achievable final energy saving for a realistic renovation scenario accompanied by further reduction of CO2 emissions by using renewable energies.
Adapting façade performances to climate change in northern Europe: Analysis of future scenarios for an office building in Stockholm
Authors: Costanzo Matteo , Mainini Andrea Giovanni , Iannaccone Giuliana , Martinac Ivo , Parsman David
Published: April 2023

Future climate change will affect many human activities and sectors. Among those, the built environment will face several challenges about the varying climate conditions, including increased demand for summer cooling and related heat stress indoor conditions. In this framework, the paper presents the results of a recent study that investigated the global warming impacts on energy demand and indoor climate comfort for an office building in Stockholm over the next 50-60 years. The future climate conditions were investigated in 2070 and 2080 with different climate morphing approaches. Three different passive cooling solutions to decrease the cooling demand (such as external roller shade, electrochromic glazing, and internally ventilated shading) have been preliminarily assessed about thermal and optical properties, then integrated into the building energy simulation software IDA-ICE to evaluate the building energy performances regarding different Swedish climates, and finally economically estimated with a simplified LCC analysis. The results indicated that an increment of the cooling demand from 3 up to 24 kWh/m2 and a reduction of the heating usage of 20-50 % will be experienced in 50-60 years. The different weather data morphing approaches displayed the inherent uncertainties when future evaluations are performed, although similar weather patterns were found. The improvement of the solar and optical properties indicated a lower cooling and ventilation usage with reductions of about 10-16 %. The electrochromic technology reported the lowest cooling demand (decrease up to 24 %), while the internally ventilated shading option outperformed the others with anannual energy consumption 4-9 % lower and the lowest LCC.
Climate-resilient and resource-conserving architecture through renewable building materials and microclimate improvement
Authors: Vaklinova Mitrenova Elena , Aichholzer Martin , Santana Sosa Aida
Published: April 2023

Due to climate change, together with the need to reduce the ecological footprint and the future resource shortages, a climate-resilient and resource-conserving architecture must be reinforced. Dealing with the issue of resources not only affects the materialisation of the building, but also the handling of resources on the building site. The interactions between the environment (sun, wind, precipitation), buildings, sealing, plants and people form a complex system in which small changes in few factors can influence the situation on a large scale. In this context, topics such as microclimate improvement around built infrastructure through greening and rainwater management, will gain in importance. The correct assessment of measures for a sustainable and resilient building is extremely complex and time-consuming and requires extensive, multi-layered know-how and experience. This paper analyses the project “House of Learning“ (MAGK Architekten) and its immediate surroundings and focuses on its climate resilience and neutrality, proposing improvement measures based on the interaction of blue and green infrastructure and the building. The potential favourable conditions are evaluated through microclimate simulations and planning principles implying an integral approach which includes landscape gardeners, building planners and constructors, as well as decision-makers.
Sustainability and resilience in building design: Discussion on two case studies
Authors: Felicioni Licia , Lupíšek Antonín , Gaspari Jacopo , Antonini Ernesto
Published: April 2023

Designing sustainable and, at the same moment, resilient buildings is a necessity to reach the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. However, these two building design approaches - sustainability and resilience - are usually treated separately. Typically, resilience-improving strategies are placed only after a disruptive event and not at the design stage. It is clear that there is a substantial intersection between sustainability and resilience and this manuscript aims to determine more precisely the commonalities and contradictions seen in building design sustainable and resilient approaches as crucial elements for improving their cooperation in buildings. To accomplish this, the authors qualitatively analysed two case studies - respectively claiming to be sustainable and resilient - to understand if a sustainable building can also be considered resilient and vice versa. This paper is addressed to the private and public sectors that have a decisive role in building design and are determined to take tangible steps to influence decision-making and resilience-based solutions already at the design phase. In conclusion, once the commonalities of resilience and sustainability are highlighted, a building designed as sustainable or resilient will be in line with both long-term perspectives.
Innovation and experimentation of adaptive model for curtain wall
Authors: Milardi Martino , Grillo Evelyn
Published: April 2023

The entire construction sector is the protagonist, in recent years, of continuous research in terms of innovation of strategies and technical solutions leading to the progressive modification in the structure of the systems that make up the building envelopes, also to cope with climate change. Working on the envelopes today means, in fact, correctly adapting their performance reactions to dynamic climatic conditions. In this scenario, lies the current research, whose goal is the development of an adaptive model, using innovative materials based on the biomimetic approach, which can be applied to curtain wall systems. The investigation conducted through experimental evaluations in the laboratory, the TCLab testing section of the BFL of the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, will provide the formulation of solutions to achieve an adaptive envelope that improves overall performance through new technological strategies. The methodological approach has been prepared on sequential phases, organized in thematic sections, related to a study phase and another application phase, which constituted a real added value to the research, realizing actions of applied experimentation with high-reliability results.
Use of energy profile indicators to determine the expected range of heating energy consumption
Authors: Loga Tobias , Stein Britta , Behem Guillaume
Published: April 2023

A small set of query variables designed to collect information about the energy-related features of residential buildings is presented. These “energy profile indicators” include information about those visible characteristics of a building which have a notable impact on its energy performance and are simple to assess. The queries are an interesting source for a rough energy performance calculation for single buildings as well as for housing portfolios or housing stocks.A method has been developed to transform the energy profile indicators into input data for a physical calculation model. It consists of procedures to estimate the envelope area, U-values, and efficiency values of the heat supply system. To all model input variables an uncertainty is assigned. If information from a query is not available, the model input is set to a state representing the average building stock and the uncertainty of this quantity is adjusted to a value reflecting the variance in the stock. The resulting uncertainty of the calculated energy use is determined.Examples of the application of the method are given to show the influence of different unknown quantities including occupant behaviour. Experiences on the coherence with metered consumption are reported.
Durability of latent heat storage systems
Authors: Bantová Sylva , Ostrý Milan , Struhala Karel
Published: April 2023

Latent heat storage represents technology with significantly higher energy storage density. The thermal energy storage capacity of building structures and storage units integrated into building services contribute to the energy flexibility of buildings. This paper presents results from laboratory experiments focused on the compatibility of heat storage media represented by phase change materials (PCMs) with materials of container. Material compatibility of selected PCMs with the plastics and metals were tested by a long-term experiment. Two organic-based and two inorganic-based phase change materials were selected for tests of compatibility with selected metals (aluminium, copper and brass) and plastics (PP-H, PE-HD, and PVC-U). Plastic-PCM compatibility was determined by gravimetric method. For evaluation of metal-PCM compatibility, calculation of corrosion rate was applied. The less mass changes and lower penetration of PCMs to the matrix was observed for inorganic-based PCMs compared to organic-based PCMs. In case of compatibility between metals and PCMs, the highest values of corrosion rate were calculated for copper immersed in inorganic-based PCMs Rubitherm SP25.
Verification of window properties after 10 years of exploitation: results of measurements in the pavilion laboratory and the climate chamber
Authors: Bartko Marek , Durica Pavol
Published: April 2023

The article will deal with the analysis of measured data on a plastic window with thermal insulating triple glazing, which is suitable for low-energy or passive houses. The window was installed in 2011 in the test laboratory of the Department of Building Engineering and Urban planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Žilina (Slovakia), where it was tested under standard indoor climate conditions and real outdoor climate conditions. Surface temperatures on the frame friezes and glass system and heat flux density were recorded at a five-minute time step. In 2020, the window was removed from the laboratory and subsequently tested in a climate chamber. This paper will present the results of these measurements in terms of heat flow density waveforms, heat transfer coefficient, and total solar transmittance through the glazing. Subsequently, a simulation model of this window will be created in the environment of a computational program and its verification based on the measurements will be carried out. A series of calculations will be performed on the tuned model and analyses of the results and comparisons will be presented under the same climatic conditions as during the real measurements recorded by the meteorological station.
The New Industrial Revolution: Finding life for the buildings left behind
Authors: Bilobran Dawn
Published: April 2023

From large generating facilities to modest neighbourhood substations, public power structures are an exercise in dichotomy. Captivating yet mysterious, designed with both powerful function and beauty in mind. Quietly playing a role in the development of cities and supporting the activities of home worldwide, the magic of heritage power plants, pumping houses and substations is often hidden behind metal gates and pressed brick facades punctuated with oversized steel windows and carved decorative ornamentations.Efforts to achieve global goals of carbon-neutrality paired with advancements in infrastructure, utility distribution and alternative energies now forces the reconsideration of many unique historic resources.Brimming with astounding potential, power generation facilities present unique challenges that can be deterrents to redevelopment. Adaptive reuse celebrates the contributions of those who designed, constructed and operated the architectural and engineering marvels that powered the world while deterring exceptional building materials from languishing in landfills.As an increasing number of sites are decommissioned how can they be positioned to power new experiences for generations to come? What redevelopment tools are available to incentivize the adaptive reuse of industrial heritage, specifically public utility architecture? How do government-led approaches to adaptive reuse differ?
Adaptive reuse of factory chimneys – industrial heritage symbols and urban landmarks
Authors: Hořická Jana , Pustějovský Jan
Published: April 2023

Industrial heritage buildings and sites are seen as an important part of urban regeneration and sustainable development strategies over the last two decades for a number of reasons. Of particular note is the genius loci that accompanies them, but also the potential to attract artists and creative industries. In this sense, factory chimneys are a strong visual element and also an important symbol. At the same time, thanks to their distinctive proportions, they have also become an unmissable part of the urban structure of cities, in which they can assume a compositional and orienting role (a landmark), comparable with church spires or belfries with all due respect. In order to design adaptive reuse of the chimney, it is therefore necessary to place it in a context that is not only spatial but also symbolic, both in relation to its immediate surroundings and in a wider context. Often, however, the subject of the new use of the chimney is only raised when at least the material context of the chimney was irreversibly altered; in extreme situations, the chimney is the only surviving element of the original structure. However, the lost authenticity – the originality of the preserved building structure or technological flow – also opens up new meanings and other possibilities for the use of a solitary chimney in a transformed environment. The contribution introduces adaptive reuse possibilities of the industrial chimneys within the sustainable urban development, considering both industrial heritage values and specific chimney construction limits.
From intelligent building to smart city - A case study
Authors: Mui Dennis Heung-fu
Published: April 2023

This paper is to provide some insights to professionals on the evolution of smart city, to present its concept and appropriate elements based on the author’s 40+ years of experience in international building development projects.With the oil crisis in the 1970s, the use of alternative energy sources such as solar energy and energy saving measures were explored to combat the threat of fossil fuel supply. The concept of intelligent building to improve the productivity of the occupants and energy saving was then emerged in 1980s, followed by the focusing of the built environment like green building and sustainable construction in the 1990s. Various metrics were developed by different countries for assessing green building provisions e.g. LEED in a more structure manner. Building resilience has recently become popular for abating the increasing natural disasters. The features of intelligent building, green resilient building and smart city will be illustrated by making references to developments which were designed and project managed by the author.On a more macro scale, with the rapid advancement of ICT in recent years, the concept of smart city has been advocated. The various definitions of smart city would first be depicted. Based on these definitions, the attributes of smart building and the respective features were suggested. The appraisal of the designed provisions of a mixed development project in Southeast Asia was then illustrated with suggestions on further elements to enhance its smart city characteristics.
Land use change impact on urban land surface temperatures: A GIS-supported satellite-based case study
Authors: Walder Caroline , Firat Örs Pelin , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: April 2023

This paper illustrates the use of GIS techniques and satellite data in order to analyze the impact of land use change on the local urban microclimate. Specifically, a case study is presented that concerns the city of Vienna. Thereby, satellite-based images were used to classify the city of Vienna into four zones toward the computation of land surface temperatures in two reference years. The classified maps were then statistically projected into the future, resulting in predicted land surface temperatures. The findings highlight the relationship between urbanization and temperature rise in the urban context. The study used data from Landsat 8 satellite in 2013 and 2020. Land cover maps were generated with QGIS for past and current conditions and future land cover maps were projected and corresponding land surface temperatures were predicted. The analysis of satellite data highlighted land surface temperature increase in the city of Vienna. This rise in land surface temperatures correlates with urbanization-driven change in land use and land cover.
Reintegration of Karachi port through sustainable adaptive reuse of abandoned and underused industrial buildings
Authors: Iqbal Naveed , Akbar Syed Hamid , Van Cleempoel Koenraad
Published: April 2023

The economic capital and one of Pakistan’s most important cities gain popularity due to the reputable Karachi port. Karachi was referred to as Korokala and Debal in ancient times; a city conquered by famous conquerors, including Alexander the Great and Muhammad bin Qasim due to its seaport importance. However, most of the port’s tangible and material heritage were built by the British during the 19th–20th century. The Britishers conquered the city and started developing Karachi port because of the seaport. Due to the port, the area of Karachi grew from a small fishermen’s village to a bustling metropolitan city. During the second industrial revolution in the late 19th century, the Britishers developed Indian industries so that they depended on British capital goods. To transport the goods, the British empire constructed railways and maritime routes in the mid and late nineteenth century, The port of Karachi was one of them.Karachi port remains the hub of Pakistan’s main logistic transportation, but some of its heritage buildings have been neglected on this site. After the 9/11 tragedy in the US, due to security reasons, Karachi port trust restricted the port to the public. Now, the security situation is better, and the port can be reintegrated and made accessible to the public through sustainable adaptive reuse of abandoned or underused buildings. Karachi is a congested city with few places for recreation; reintegrating this site can open opportunities for tourism while showcasing the city’s industrial heritage.This paper wants to articulate the potential of industrial heritage. But the latter in Pakistan is not yet recognized as part of a heritage discourse. The port offers a rich case study due to its layered history and various typologies of buildings on site.
Densification of single and two-family houses considering green space and mobility
Authors: Schöpflin Florian , Erber Sabine , Madlener David , Prinz Thomas
Published: April 2023

The question of future energy-efficient creation of living space is becoming more and more important in many cities due to limited space availability and simultaneously increasing settlement pressure. Against the background of the desired space, resource and energy efficiency, cities are steadily-focusing on internal development and densification. In order to encourage a sustainable urban development, the existing densification potentials need to be mobilized by addressing the owners directly, to convince them for the measures to mobilize the given potentials. Therefore innovative GIS methods and databases are used within the research projects “BONSEI!” and “BONUS” in order to detect these potentials. Following is a gradually constructive consultation that helps house owners, depending on their needs and wishes, to find potential construction actions to increase the living space within their parcel. The research project “BONUS” further tackles problems and concerns, which come with densification, by maintaining high quality green spaces and at the same increase the usage of sustainable forms of mobility and try to reduce car usage within the districts.
Rescue of a stone bridge with respect to current condition and standards
Authors: Řeřicha Petr , Fajman Petr , Davis Lucy
Published: April 2023

A three span stone masonry bridge dating back to the middle of the 19th century, still in the roadway network, is assessed to prevent its demolition. Its industrial heritage value and ecological concerns were the principal reasons for the assessment. The carbon footprint of the stone arch replacement would be approximately 200 t CO2 emission owing to 430 m3 reinforced concrete in the new structure. Besides the cultural monument, considerable energy, CO2 emissions and natural resources can be saved in accordance with the sustainable development goals. Standards, guides and commercial software do not provide an adequate support for the assessment of masonry arch bridges, therefore an innovative two phase application of a commercial linear sttructural analysis code and an original in-house code was developed for the purpose. Thousands of stone ach bridges still in service worlwide give the case study more general importance.
Corak Nalar Falsafah Kalam Abu al-Asy’ari dalam al-Luma’
Authors: Arsyi Syahuri
Published: April 2023

The subject of this article is the philosophical reasoning patterns in the work of Abu Hasan al-Asy'ari, titled "al-Luma' fi al-Raddi 'ala Ahli al-Zaighi wal al-Bida'". This study uses a historical factual approach based on the al-Luma' texts and contributes to the development of the discourse on kalam philosophy, particularly in Indonesia. The philosophical reasoning patterns in al-Luma, according to al-Asy'ari, consist of dominant reasoning methods such as stoic, platonic, and Aristotelian. These methods are used to counter the dogmatism of conservative Sunnis and Mu'tazilah rationalism, as well as the opinions of Mujassimah theology and Musabbihahism. The reasoning is applied using the religious-rationalism of Mu'tazilah and religious-textualism of Salafism. Abu al-Hasan al-Asy'ari's work, "al-Luma' fi al-Raddi 'alaAhli al-Zaighiwa al-Bida'" is considered one of the significant works in the field of Islamic theology that contributed to the establishment of the foundations of Islamic theology, allowing it to survive until today as the teachings of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. However, in discussing this work, al-Asy'ari mostly relies on reasoning patterns built on Stoic, Platonic, and Aristotelian logic. These patterns of reasoning are used as a counter to the dogmatism of conservative Sunnis and Mu'tazilah rationalism, as well as the Mujassimah school and the Musabbihah group by applying the Mu'tazilah-rational-religious method and the Salafiyah-religious-textualist method.
 Keywords :  Philosophical reasoning, kalam, Abu Hasan al-Asy’ari, al-Luma’
Kesia-Siaan Eksistensi: Makna Kehidupan Menurut Pesimisme Klasik Abū al-ʻAlā al-Maʻarrī
Authors: Moh. Ariful Anam
Published: April 2023

This article discusses the thought of the classical pessimist philosopher in the Islamic world, it is known as Abū al-ʻAlā al-Maʻarrī (363-449 H/973-1058 AD). The main topic studied is the biography of al-Ma'arrī and his thoughts on the meaning of human existence in this world. To exhume the data, the researcher used the works of the classical encyclopedia to reconstruct the biography of al-Maʻarrī and one of his monumental works, Al-Luzūmiyyāt, to examine his thinking. This literature research uses historical analysis methods and content analysis. The results of this study are, first, the background of al-Ma'arrī's life, which is born from a respected family with his physical condition as a blind person who forms a different person from al-Ma'arrī although he still obtained a fairly decent life. As well as the intellectual odyssey and the social conditions in which he interacted greatly influenced al-Ma'arrī's thought, making himself not complain about himself, instead reflecting it into philosophical ideas. Second, al-Ma'arrī's pessimism in interpreting human existence as futility (the vanity of existence). Human beings have been overwhelmed with evil potential from the beginning. So that his life is also full of suffering. There is nothing happier than death. Death is a great achievement and peace. While born in this world is a misfortune, suffering, and evil. In this context al-Ma'arrī has a view that humans should not need to have children (childfree).
 Keywords :  al-Ma‘arrī, pessimism, the vanity of existence
¿Terrorismo o insurgencia en el Sahel?
Authors: Apellaniz Vélez Alejandro
Published: April 2023

Desde la intervención militar francesa en Mali hace diez años la situación de seguridad en el Sahel no ha hecho más que empeorar. La expansión de los grupos armados vinculados a Al Qaeda y al Estado Islámico está suponiendo una seria amenaza para la estabilidad de una región que se sitúa a las puertas de Europa. Las políticas que la Unión Europea y los países del Sahel han adoptado contra esas amenazas parecen haberse reducido a la lucha contraterrorista, sin demasiado éxito por lo visto. Pero ¿estamos tratando con grupos terroristas? ¿No podrían definirse mejor como elementos insurgentes?, de ser así se podría afirmar que las iniciativas europeas han derivado de una desenfocada interpretación de la realidad, lo que provocaría necesariamente el fracaso en la consecución de sus objetivos. Este artículo analizará esas políticas, la realidad de esos grupos armados y señalará las diferencias entre la lucha contrainsurgente y contraterrorista, tratando de ayudar al lector a comprender el porqué de la situación actual.
La diferente aproximación científica al terrorismo de extrema izquierda en España y en Italia
Authors: Re Matteo , D'Amario Emanuele
Published: April 2023

A final de los años setenta, Italia y España eran de los países occidentales más afectados por el terrorismo. Comparando las cifras de los años de plomo italianos con el terrorismo durante la Transición, resulta que en España el número de víctimas ha sido mucho mayor que en el país vecino. La inmensa mayoría de los trabajos académicos se han centrado en ETA, apartando en segundo lugar la violencia política de otra inspiración. En el caso de los GRAPO esto es aún más evidente si consideramos que sus miembros mataron un número de personas superior al de las Brigadas Rojas y que, a diferencia de la organización italiana, la producción académica sobre ellos es bastante reducida. En este artículo hemos comparado ambos grupos acudiendo a las publicaciones científicas que disponemos sobre ellos, para demostrar los diferentes enfoques y el gap que hay a nivel científico/académico entre GRAPO y BR. Por último, hemos propuesto unas posibles líneas de investigación para el futuro.
La posición de la Unión Europea tras el 11-S
Authors: Alonso Herranz Yolanda
Published: April 2023

Los atentados del 11 de septiembre de 2001 en Nueva York marcaron un antes y un después en la forma de entender el terrorismo en el espacio internacional. Desde ese momento, la vulnerabilidad mostrada por el avance del terrorismo de corte yihadista ha expuesto la necesidad de que las distintas instituciones internacionales lo sitúen como uno de los principales objetivos en sus legislaciones. En el marco de actuación de la Unión Europea, como territorio especialmente castigado por el terrorismo yihadista, una de las premisas esenciales ha sido el refuerzo de la cooperación y prevención frente a la amenaza creciente del fenómeno terrorista. Como podremos comprobar, el contenido de las normas en la lucha contra el terrorismo ha tratado de abarcar la totalidad de las actuaciones en las que los grupos terroristas han diversificado su actuación.
Scholars and Literati at the Philosophical Society & Royal Society of Edinburgh (1731-1800)
Authors: De la Croix David , Delvaux Elise
Published: April 2023

This note summarizes our research into the group of scholars and literati who were at the Philosophical Society and at the Royal Society of Edinburgh from its early meetings to 1800.
Medidas de protección para niños, niñas y adolescentes vulnerados. Perspectiva psicosocial del acogimiento familiar y residencial
Authors: Gaviria Chica Sandra Carolina , Mayorga Muñoz Cecilia Janette , Zapata Martínez Adriana
Published: April 2023

El propósito de este artículo es analizar dos medidas de protección utilizadas con mayor frecuencia por los Estados, para la protección de los derechos vulnerados de la infancia y la adolescencia: familias de acogida y/o sustitutas, y programa residencial y/o internado. Se realizó una revisión teórica de la literatura iberoamericana de los últimos 7 años, que abordaban la discusión y reflexión sobre ambas modalidades de atención. Se encontró que las dos modalidades muestran similitudes y diferencias con relación a: causales de ingreso, procedimientos y funcionamiento para otorgar la atención. De igual forma, la revisión da cuenta que los cuidadores o profesionales que basan su atención en el acompañamiento, el afecto y la escucha, aportan no sólo a la integración de niños, niñas y adolescentes al contexto de atención institucional y familiar, sino también a su bienestar y desarrollo emocional.
Precisiones al derecho de acceso a la información pública a partir del primer precedente del Tribunal de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Pública del Perú
Authors: Alarcón Requejo Gílmer
Published: April 2023

Este estudio tiene como unidad de análisis el primer precedente de observancia obligatoria emitido por el Tribunal de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Pública del Perú (TTAIP). Destaca la concepción instrumental de la técnica del precedente, así como su idoneidad para elaborar reglas específicas que ayuden a definir las acciones de los sujetos obligados por la ley frente a un supuesto de excepción para la entrega de información de acceso público. El análisis de los argumentos del precedente se efectuó mediante el esquema de razonamiento jurídico propuesto por Manuel Atienza, el cual consta de tres niveles: formal, material y pragmático. Esta estrategia metodológica permite valorar en qué medida dicho pronunciamiento contribuye a robustecer el cumplimiento de los deberes relativos al tratamiento de la información solicitada a las entidades de la administración pública, en el marco del Estado constitucional de derecho.
El administrador de hecho en la ley societaria colombiana y en la jurisprudencia de la Superintendencia de Sociedades
Authors: Arcila Salazar Carlos Andrés
Published: April 2023

La figura del administrador de hecho es una realidad en el derecho societario en Colombia, cuya declaratoria corresponde a los jueces. Este artículo, sin pretender agotar la materia, tiene como propósito reflexionar acerca la orientación y aplicación práctica del régimen vigente sobre administradores de hecho en forma deductiva, partiendo del análisis de la aplicación de esta figura; para luego abordar el estudio de sentencias proferidas sobre la materia por la Superintendencia de Sociedades en ejercicio de funciones jurisdiccionales, extrayendo los estándares jurisprudenciales construidos a partir de los casos resueltos, los cuales han facilitado la incorporación en nuestro derecho societario de las más avan-zadas posturas en relación con el administrador de hecho.