bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progression of Myopic Maculopathy Based on the ATN Classification System
Authors: Zhang Rongrong , Xue Jiarui , Zheng Minmin , Cao Xiao , Li Chenhao , Wu Changfan
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Myopic maculopathy is a sight-threatening disease, which causes irreversible vision faults and central vision loss. The purpose of this study is evaluating the risk factors of the myopic maculopathy progression according to the ATN classification system. Methods: Clinic data of 69 high myopia patients aged older than 40 years with a follow-up time of more than 2 years, who underwent fundus photography and OCT examination were retrospectively collected. Fundus changes were evaluated with ATN classification at the first and last follow-up times. The related factors affecting progress including axial length (AL), spherical equivalence (SE), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), disc-foveal distance (DFD), optic disc tilt, and parapapillary atrophy (PPA) were analyzed. Results: This study included 69 high-myopia patients with mean age 54.29 ± 10.41 years. The progression rate of myopic maculopathy (MM) was approximately 25.56%. Elongated DFD (5.37 ± 0.11 mm vs. 4.86 ± 0.37 mm; p < 0.001) and thinner SFCT (138.52 ± 29.38 μm vs. 184.87 ± 48.72 μm; p = 0.008) at baseline were linked with MM progression. In multiple logistic regression analysis, DFD was a substantial hazard risk factor (adjusted OR = 1.672, 95% CI: 1.135–2.498, p < 0.05) after adjusting for age, AL and SFCT. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that DFD might serve as a predictor to discriminate the MM progression with a cut-off value of 5.15 mm and a substantial receiver operating characteristic curve area (AUC: 0.794). Compared with the non-progression group, the progression group had older age (p < 0.001), longer AL (p = 0.001), higher optic disc tilt rate (p < 0.001), and higher proportion of pre-existing PPA (p = 0.038) at baseline, the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the ATN classification system, we found that the progression of MM was related to older age, longer AL, high disc tilt, pre-existing PPA, thinner SFCT, and longer DFD. The parameter of DFD was an important factor affecting the progression of MM, which is considered to have a higher probability of progression when the length is beyond 5.15 mm.
Association between Pre-Operative Total Prostate-Specific Antigen and Survivorship of Prostate Cancer following Radical Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Okwor Chika Juliet , Okwor Vitalis Chukwuemeka , Meka Ijeoma A. , Emedoh Andrew Emeka , Nweke Martin
Published: December 2023

Objective: This review aimed to systematically quantify the association between pre-operative total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) and survivorship of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: Data sources for the review included MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO, and relevant reference lists. Databases were searched from inception to June 2022. The study took place between May 2022 and March 2023. We included studies that applied a quantitative approach to examine the interaction between pre-operative PSA and survivorship of PCa. Pre-operative PSA constituted the independent variable, whereas survivorship of PCa as measured by biochemical recurrence and mortality constitute the outcome variable. A risk of bias assessment was conducted with the aid of a mixed-method appraisal tool. We employed meta-analysis to quantify the association of pre-operative PSA with biochemical recurrence and mortality and computed I2 to assess the degree of heterogeneity. Results: We found a positive weak association between pre-operative PSA and biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.074; 95% CI = 1.042–1.106). With a median rise in PSA (≥2 ng/mL), the likelihood for biochemical recurrence increase by approximately 7.4%. There was statistically a significant association between PSA and mortality (HR = 1.222, CI = 0.917–1.630). Conclusions: Biochemical recurrence associates with pre-operative PSA in an inconsistent manner. The sole use of pre-operative PSA in estimating post-prostatectomy biochemical recurrence should be discouraged. There is need for a multifactorial model which employs a prudent combination of the most important and cost-effective biomarkers in predicting post-prostatectomy biochemical recurrence.
Transiciones educativas de jóvenes en contexto rural mapuche: experiencia, aspiraciones e identidad
Authors: Castillo Henríquez Paulina , Williamson Castro Guillermo
Published: December 2023

(analytical)Considering that educational transitions are key to account for existing inequalities in education and work pathways, this research focuses on the educational transition from primary to secondary school in Mapuche youth who study in rural areas and move to urban areas in Chile, visualizing structural and personal elements that affect them. A qualitative case study methodology is used. Results show several aspects: educational policies that do not consider cultural and territorial particularities of these students, the rural-urban mobility of these young people and the social, family and subjective aspects that influence experiences, construction of future aspirations of students and aspects of identity in new educational spaces.
Confluência dos astros: as condicionantes para a fundação da Associação Francesa de Sociologia
Authors: Dimitrov Eduardo
Published: December 2023

O artigo busca compreender as condicionantes para a criação da Associação Francesa de Sociologia (AFS) em 2002. Em um primeiro momento faz-se uma reconstituição histórica das agremiações sociológicas francesa anteriores à AFS. Em seguida, analisa-se o contexto que antecedeu a criação da AFS, observando o desprestígio da sociologia e sua fragilidade institucional a partir de um caso exemplar: a polêmica causada pela defesa de tese da astróloga Elizabeth Teissier. Por fim, analisa-se as diversas motivações dos envolvidos com a criação da AFS e algumas mudanças ocorridas ao longo dos seus vinte anos até tornar-se uma associação com forte presença de jovens pesquisadores.
Paulo Eduardo Arantes. Formação e desconstrução. Uma visita ao Museu da Ideologia Francesa.
Authors: Macieira João Arthur
Published: December 2023

Resenha do livro de Paulo Eduardo Arantes, Formação e Descontrução: Uma visita ao Museu da Ideologia Francesa, São Paulo, Editora 34, 2021.
Cem anos da Escola de Frankfurt: uma conversa com Martin Jay
Authors: Estevez Lucas Fiaschetti
Published: December 2023

Em 2023, o Instituto de Pesquisa Social de Frankfurt completa cem anos. Desde então, a “Escola de Frankfurt” realizou um amplo diagnóstico da perenidade do capitalismo e de suas contradições.  Até meados dos anos 1960, entretanto, o mundo anglófono ainda estava relativamente alheio ao importante legado dessa experiência. Amplamente responsável pela reversão dessa situação, surge em 1973 a obra A Imaginação Dialética: História da Escola de Frankfurt e do Instituto de Pesquisas Sociais 1923-1950, de Martin Jay. Nessa conversa com o autor, discorremos sobre a história e os pressupostos da teoria crítica, a relação dela com demais correntes de pensamento e, por fim, sua atualidade e relevância para se pensar a periférica situação brasileira.
Transformações no ethos de elites econômicas
Authors: Michetti Miqueli
Published: December 2023

O artigo busca compreender as atualizações dos valores e premissas da ação de elites econômicas engajadas com o que é enunciado como mudança social no Brasil a partir da análise da atuação transnacional e das iniciativas de “abertura social” da Fundação Lemann. Por meio uma perspectiva compreensiva e posicional, a pesquisa documental (2002 - 2023) demonstra como valores historicamente característicos de frações dominantes, como o mérito e o individualismo, tem dado lugar a composições com valores como diversidade e responsabilidade, fenômeno que se declina globalmente. O estudo do lastro simbólico das posições de elite permite compreender a denegação social envolvida na produção da convicção de elite e das formas atuais de sua sociodiceia.
Anesthetic protocol using propofol and isoflurane in spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus)
Authors: Pereira Júnior Júlio Rodrigues , Macêdo Marília Gabryelle Guimarães de , Henrique Fernanda Vieira , Farias Roberto Citelli , Neri ; Thiago Ferreira Lopes , Menezes Flávia Ferreira de
Published: December 2023

The management of wild animals generally requires chemical containment with the use of sedatives, tranquilizers, general anesthetics or dissociative drugs. The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) is the only member of the family Ursidae characteristic of South America. There are few reports on the main anesthetic protocols used in this specie. The aim of the present study was to report the use of propofol and isoflurane in a captive spectacled bear, after sedation with tiletamine-zolazepam. A male bear approximately 15 years old and 264 lb (scale weight) underwent anesthesia for treatment of a recurrent ulcerated wound on the neck. A combination of tiletamine and zolazepam injected intramuscularly was initially used. Due to the need to prolong the anesthetic time, the decision was made to administer propofol 1% (4.0 mg/kg/IV), which proved satisfactory regarding the inhibition of eyelid and laryngotracheal reflexes, thereby facilitating tracheal intubation. The subsequent use of isoflurane provided adequate maintenance of anesthesia, with vital signs within the normal range for the species, but there was hyperthermia. Based on the present findings, the use of tiletamine/zolazepam, propofol and isoflurane proved satisfactory and the doses employed were safe for the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus). Inhalation anesthesia was essential to prolonging the time and maintaining safety throughout the procedure.
protagonismo discente na leitura e escrita: explorando a Base Nacional Comum Curricular com o Wattpad
Authors: Alves Ednei da Anunciação
Published: December 2023

Este artigo discute, a partir da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2018), a possibilidade de fomento às comunidades de conhecimento e produção de textos literários no ambiente escolar usando a tecnologia. O Wattpad é destacado como ferramenta capaz de unir leitores e escritores-discentes (de obras próprias ou histórias imaginadas e produzidas por fãs) em um suporte digital com estrutura que proporciona um processo particular de interação, focado em quem lê. O protagonismo discente, mediado pelo professor, é apontado como elemento fundamental para haver um elo entre o estudante e as produções escolares contemporâneas. Além da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2018), buscou-se refletir a partir das contribuições de Jenkins (2015) para destacar a dinâmica das comunidades de conhecimento, de leitura, de escrita e de compartilhamento na era da convergência; Compagnon (2012) e Chartier (2002) para abordar as propriedades do leitor e a transfiguração com o advento da internet; Zilberman (2008) na discussão entre recepção e leitura; Soares (2020) ao situar as múltiplas finalidades do Wattpad.
Lusíadas boardgame como estratégia para a criação de uma educação literária na escola
Authors: Amaral Neto Laércio Peixoto do , Oliveira Aline Cristina de
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho propõe a educação literária mediada por meio de um material didático no formato boardgame para propiciar uma experiência lúdica, interdisciplinar e interativa sobre a obra Os lusíadas, de Luís de Camões. Pretende-se, por meio de teorias do jogo na educação, desconstruir a ideia de que a ludicidade deva se restringir ao ensino infantil e dar suporte para que professores possam diversificar suas aulas de literatura.
Enterro
Authors: Santana Joyce Maria dos Reis
Published: December 2023

Poema
Em defesa de uma educação literária por meio da construção de sentidos nas letras do Mayombe
Authors: Bezerra Ana Cristina Pinto
Published: December 2023

A importância da educação literária compreende o núcleo desta análise, na qual são discutidos os aspectos que envolveram a leitura desenvolvida em sala de aula da obra Mayombe (1980), do angolano Pepetela, em uma turma do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio. Para tanto, a fundamentação teórica e metodológica do letramento literário foi relevante para que fosse possível analisar as questões inerentes a cada estágio do momento de leitura dessa obra em sala de aula.
O que vemos da nossa janela quanto à leitura literária de autoria negra?: o já e o ainda não
Authors: Linard Joyce Aparecida da Silva , Tortorelli Cleunice Terezinha da Silva Ribeiro , Girotto Cyntia Graziella Guizelim Simões , Silva Ligia Maria da
Published: December 2023

Este artigo reflete acerca da arena onde estão situados os leitores e não leitores no Brasil. Pela perspectiva bakhtiniana, teceremos diálogos com a obra Da minha Janela (2019), de Otávio Júnior, e ilustração de Vanina Starkoff, por meio das estratégias de leitura defendidas por Girotto e Souza (2010), oportunizando conexões na produção de sentidos ao leitor, em especial, com o adentramento na literatura negro-brasileira, a fim de fazer perguntas e responder outras.
Educação literária:campo de saber, lugares, res/existência
Authors: Oliveira Vanderleia da Silva
Published: December 2023

Tendo como ponto de partida o campo da educação literária e sua relevância para a formação humana, algumas reflexões sobre a formação inicial docente são apresentadas, considerando-se o impacto de documentos prescritivos sobre o lugar ocupado pela literatura. Entende-se que eles contribuem para certo "apagamento" do texto literário, o que resulta na necessidade de defesa permanente de sua presença institucional no espaço educacional.
Distribuição dos casos de cardiopatias congênitas em um hospital do Oeste Paulista
Authors: Carapeba Bruna Maria Casachi Bernardes de Melo , Costa Sérgio Marques , Giuffrida Rogério , Favareto Ana Paula Alves , Ramos Ana Paula Marques , Mello Fabíola de Azevedo , Rodrigues Marcus Vinicius Pimenta , Rossi Renata Calciolari
Published: December 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal dos pacientes com cardiopatias congênitas atendidos no Ambulatório de Cardiologia Pediátrica do Hospital de referência do Oeste Paulista. Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo com análise de dados de base eletrônica e prontuários dos pacientes diagnosticados com cardiopatiacongênita entre os períodos de julho de 2013 a julho de 2018. Foram selecionados 298 prontuários para análise das variáveis de CID-10, gênero, distribuição espacial e série temporal. Foi possível observar que os defeitos septais foram as cardiopatias mais prevalentes, não houve diferença entre os gêneros. Notou-se aumento do diagnóstico a partir de 2014, com implementação do teste do coraçãozinho e 51% dos casos eram da cidade de Presidente Prudente,com maior concentração de casos na região do parque industrial. Há uma relação na incidência das malformações cardíacas com o meio ambiente desfavorável. Os resultados encontrados podem guiar políticas de saúde pública, visando reduzir a exposição da população mais vulnerável, na busca da melhora nos índices de saúde.
Stress during the covid-19 pandemic: unusual challenges for university professors
Authors: Fernandes Maria Neyrian de Fatima , Santos Floriacy Stabnow , Costa Ana Cristina Pereira de Jesus , Santos Neto Marcelino , Silva Roberta de Araújo e , Santos Leonardo Hunaldo dos
Published: December 2023

Objective: Investigate the factors related to the stress levels triggered during the COVID-19 pandemic and the quality of life (QOL) of university professors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 318 professors from private and public higher education institutions in Maranhão, Brazil. Data collection included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian versions of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Abbreviated World Health OrganizationQOL Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-bref). Statistical analyses were performed with Student’s T-test and Analysis of Variance with Duncan’s post-hoc. Results: according to the results of the professor score assessment, perceived stress levels were classified as normal (n = 166, 52.2%), moderate (n = 126, 39.6%), and high (n = 26, 8, 2%), with an average of 26.6 (± 10.5). QOL had an overall average of 56.4 (± 13.0). Among the QOL domains, the physical had the highest mean with 66.1 (± 17.7), while the lowest mean was in the social domain with 55.8 (± 14.8). Conclusion: The factors that influenced the stress levels were being female with age between 31 and 40years old, those who had a child, and those who did not perform a frequent religious practice.
Relação da força de preensão com a composição corporal e indicadores laboratoriais de diabéticos e hipertensos
Authors: Basso Giovana de Barros , Siqueira Morganna Alves , Kono Elidiane Moreira , Souza Juarez de , Baseggio Letícia Takanashi , Fernandes Eduardo Vignoto , Takanashi Silvania Yukiko Lins , Gouvêa-e-Silva Luiz Fernando
Published: December 2023

Introdução: A alteração na força de preensão (FP) manual é indicador para surgimento de algumas doenças crônicas, como a diabetes mellitus (DM) e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS). Objetivo: Analisar a relação da FP com a composição corporal e indicadores laboratoriais de diabéticos e hipertensos assistidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 185 usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde na cidade de Santarém,Pará, sendo distribuídos em dois grupos: controle (CTL) – usuários sem o diagnóstico para DM e/ou HAS (n=66); e DM/HAS (n=119) – usuários com DM ou HAS ou as duas doenças. A coleta de dados envolveu informações sociodemográficas, clínicas, antropométricas, bioquímicas e FP. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial, adotando-se p<0,05. Resultados: Notou-se que a FP baixa no grupo DM/HAS apresentou associaçãocom valores elevados do índice de massa corporal, circunferência abdominal, percentual de gordura, massa gorda, colesterol total, triglicerídeos e com mais fatores para a síndrome metabólica (p<0,05). Já o grupo CTL, em relação do DM/HAS para uma mesma classificação de FP, demonstrou significância para menores valores pressóricos, do índice de massa corporal, da circunferência abdominal, percentual de gordura, massa gorda, bem como menor chance para o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica (p<0,05). Conclusão: Conclui-se, conforme a proposta do estudo, que é relevante a avaliação e acompanhamento da FP em indivíduos com doenças crônicas, em especial a DM e a HAS, a fim de monitorar a adiposidade corporal e a dislipidemia, evitando o agravo das doenças instaladas ou o surgimento de novas.
Modelagem geométrica e análise de risco geológico em taludes rochosos aplicada aos sistemas de falhas transversais (N090° e N120°) da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Carneiro João Paulo Hora , Gomes Luiz César Correa , Menezes Lucas de Santana
Published: December 2023

A cidade de Salvador tem uma grande parcela da população ocupando áreas de risco geológico. Geologicamente, Salvador apresenta duas direções principais de falhas originárias dos eventos tectônicos relacionados com a geração da bacia tipo rifte do Recôncavo, situada a W, e a abertura do Oceano Atlântico Sul, a E, ocorrida durante o Cretáceo. Um sistema longitudinal de falhas, orientado N030° – 040°, e outro sistema transversal de falhas (STF), orientado N90° – 120°. Esses sistemas controlam inúmeros vales, altos e taludes locais. Neste estudo, foram delimitados os principais lineamentos da cidade de Salvador e modelados o sistema de falhas da Barra (SFB) e o sistema de falhas de Brotas (SFBR), além das principais falhas de orientação N90° – 120°. A partir dos dados obtidos, foram gerados modelos em projeção estereográfica previsional de movimentos de massas com base nos dados de planos de descontinuidades da Bacia do Recôncavo, associados às estruturas encontradas na cidade de Salvador. Foi constatado, com base no estudo desses lineamentos, que as estruturas transversais com direção N120º são as de terceira maior em frequência (9,56%) e em comprimento (10,86%), e que é por meio da modelagem cinemática que o mecanismo de ruptura de deslizamento em cunha ocorre mais facilmente, sendo seguido do tombamento flexurale do deslizamento planar. A análise comparativa entre os ângulos de atrito indica que apenas os dois últimos mecanismos de ruptura têm potencialidade de ocorrer ampliada. Foram também identificados 16 taludes instáveis, três relacionados ao SFB e 13, ao SFBR, em que podem ocorrer os três mecanismos de ruptura, com direções predominantes do movimento de massa, respectivamente, para o sul e sudoeste, correspondendo...
Literatura e folclore: os paralelos na construção da identidade nacional brasileira
Authors: Mussi Neto Dibo , Paladino João Paulo Moda
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar paralelos entre a literatura e os estudos folclóricos como delineadores da identidade nacional brasileira. Adotamos, para exemplificar, o mito do Saci-Pererê, e pretendemos, com ele, demonstrar a união dos conceitos de folclore, de cultura brasileira, de literatura e oralidade para a construção de uma identidade nacional brasileira. A reflexão aqui exposta se ancora no desejo de contemplar a importância dos mitos na construção da identidade popular e no modo como a cultura se ressignifica em meio ao desenvolvimento humano em sociedade.
Anita Malfatti e a reflexão sobre o espaço feminino na arte: Uma análise do livro infantil Aconteceu às 19:22
Authors: Souza Goimar Dantas de
Published: December 2023

Este artigo investiga o modo como a pintora Anita Malfatti, uma das expoentes da Semana de Arte Moderna de 1922, ressurge no texto dramatúrgico para crianças, publicado em livro, Aconteceu às 19:22, de Anna Carolina Longano. Cem anos após o evento modernista, Malfatti e a menina Annita, uma estudante de 8 anos do século XXI, rompem a barreira do tempo, se encontram, e originam uma contundente e sensível reflexão sobre o espaço das mulheres na arte.
Sérgio Matta, ilustrador de A vida íntima de Laura, de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Almeida Joel Rosa de
Published: December 2023

Entrevista com Sérgio Matta, artista plástico moderno e contemporâneo, desenhista e ilustrador.
Modernismo brasileiro à italiana: Brás, Bexiga e Barra Funda e La divina increnca
Authors: Pereira Helena Bonito
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho estabelece aproximações entre as narrativas Brás, Bexiga e Barra Funda, de António de Alcântara Machado (1927), e os poemas paródicos de La divina increnca (1924), obra publicada por Juó Bananére, pseudônimo de Alexandre Ribeiro Marcondes Machado, inspiradas no cotidiano na cidade de São Paulo no início do século passado. Ambos exerceram (não só) atividades em jornais e revistas durante a eferverscência do modernismo que trouxe incontáveis inovações à literatura brasileira. Curiosamente, ambos vinham de conhecidas famílias paulistas, sem nenhum vínculo direto com a comunidade italiana que se instalava aos poucos na cidade, e pela qual sentiam uma espécie de fascínio, em especial por sua linguagem e seu modo de expressão. A espontaneidade das personagens que povoam o pequeno núcleo em bairros paulistanos inspirou a obra de Alcântara Machado. Por sua vez, Juó Bananére encantou-se com a saborosa mescla entre a língua portuguesa e a italiana, ouvida nos bairros próximos, o que o levou reescrever paródias e sátiras de poemas românticos e parnasianos da literatura brasileira, e de outros tempos e de outras literaturas,  como sonetos de Camões ou Edgar Allan Poe.
Editorial
Authors: Barbosa Dayse de Oliveira , Cunha Maria Zilda da , Thomaz Nathalia Xavier , Iannace Ricardo , Valenzuela Sandra Trabucco
Published: December 2023

Créditos

Sumário 

Editorial
A Bargaining-Theoretic Approach to Moral Uncertainty
Authors: Greaves Hilary , Cotton-Barratt Owen
Published: December 2023

Nick Bostrom and others have suggested treating decision-making under moral uncertainty as analogous to parliamentary decision-making. The core suggestion of this “parliamentary approach” is that the competing moral theories function like delegates to the parliament, and that these delegates then make decisions by some combination of bargaining and voting. There seems some reason to hope that such an approach might avoid standard objections to existing approaches (for example, the “maximise expected choiceworthiness” (MEC) and “my favourite theory” approaches). However, the parliamentary approach is so far extremely underspecified, making it largely indeterminate how such a model will in fact behave in the respects that those concerned with moral uncertainty care about.

This paper explores one way of making it precise. We treat predicaments of moral uncertainty as analogous to bargaining situations alone (setting aside voting), and apply a version of the Nash solution that is standard in bargaining theory. The resulting model does indeed perform in many of the hoped-for ways. However, so also does a version of MEC that employs a structural approach to intertheoretic comparisons. It seems to us an open question which, regarding this version of MEC and the bargaining-theoretic approach, is superior to the other. We identify the key points on which the two differ.
Robust Normativity and the Argument from Weirdness
Authors: Moberger Victor
Published: December 2023

J. L. Mackie argued that moral thought and discourse involve commitment to an especially robust kind of normativity, which is too weird to exist. Thus, he concluded that moral thought and discourse involve systematic error. Much has been said about this argument in the last four decades or so. Nevertheless, at least one version of Mackie’s argument, specifically the one focusing on the intrinsic weirdness of the relevant kind of normativity, has not been fully unpacked. Thus, more needs to be said about the issue of how to interpret Mackie’s argument. Moreover, I argue that by looking closely at Mackie’s discussion, we can extract two distinct versions of the argument which together present a tougher, and also more precise, challenge for moral realism than extant versions. In this paper I thus revisit Mackie’s discussion with an eye to making progress on an important issue in contemporary metaethics.
La traduction comme style de pensée chez Lévi-Strauss
Authors: Colmart Jules
Published: December 2023

Cet article est une approche stylistique de l’oeuvre de Claude Lévi-Strauss. Partant de l’hypothèse que pour lui le discours des sciences humaines doit rechercher l’homologie structurale avec son objet et le traduire, nous nous proposons d’étudier, dans Tristes tropiques, les Mythologiques et Regarder écouter lire, le style de pensée de Lévi-Strauss dans l’étude des productions artistiques. Or si un discours doit traduire la structure et la forme de mythes comme d’objets non-discursifs tels que des oeuvres plastiques, quelle forme doit-il adopter ? Cette recherche est aussi bien formelle que théorique, puisque Lévi-Strauss entend trouver un mode d’écriture qui traduise et rende visible le fonctionnement de l’esprit dans la création. Cet article tente de répondre à cette question en décrivant comment Lévi-Strauss altère progressivement ses modèles stylistiques, plaçant d’abord son écriture sous l’égide de l’analyse structurale, puis de la musique et du mythe, et enfin du collage.
Structural Unit Determination in Silica Nanoparticles Using Infrared Micro-Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Sainz-Menchón Mireia , González de Arrieta Iñigo , Zaki Abdelali , Fayon Franck , López Gabriel A.
Published: December 2023

A method based on infrared (IR) micro-reflectance measurements for the structural characterization of glassy nanomaterials is presented. Near-specular reflectance spectra of pressed pellets can be analyzed using a model relating the structure of silicate glasses to their dielectric response and an effective medium approximation to account for the effect of porosity. The integrated intensities of phenomenological bands attributed to [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] structural units allow quantifying their relative populations. These values are in good agreement with those obtained with magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, which serves as validation of the method and proves the feasibility of extracting quantitative information about glass structure from IR micro-reflectance experiments.
Adult Negative Spectator Behavior at Youth Sporting Events
Authors: Mooney Lauren , Ramos Anna-Kaelle , Teramae Tori , Kato Jaimee , Goya Kellie , Yamamoto Loren G.
Published: December 2023

Due to its competitive nature, youth sports may provide an environment that invites the display of negative parenting behavior and exposes children to adults outside of their own household. This study aimed to quantify the frequency of negative parent and spectator behavior at youth sporting events and compare incidences across different sports and age ranges. Investigators attended baseball, basketball, soccer, and football events in Central Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi for children ages 6 to 10 years. Recorded spectator behaviors included alcohol use, smoking, swearing, and negative language (such as threats and violent language). Negative behaviors were reported at a majority (68%) of events. The 95% confidence intervals of the means (95% CIM) for all negative behaviors observed were overlapping, and we were not able to demonstrate statistically significant differences between the 4 sports. The lack of significance between sports may be due to the younger-player-age group, small sample size, and time of events.
Success of Insulin Infusion Transitions in Moderate to Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis With Transition Anion Gap of Less Than or Equal to 12 mEq/L Versus Greater Than 12 mEq/L
Authors: Fry Kjersti , Ryman Klayton , Abdelmonem Ahmed , Wang Xuan , Vassaur John , Kataria Vivek
Published: December 2023

Background: Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are transitioned from intravenous (IV) to subcutaneous (SQ) insulin upon DKA resolution. Although an anion gap (AG) ≤12 mEq/L is recommended before transition to SQ insulin, there are limited data to support this threshold. Objective: To compare the rates of successful transitions to SQ insulin in patients with DKA with an AG ≤ 12 mEq/L versus > 12 mEq/L. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of adult critically ill patients with moderate to severe DKA between September 2019 and December 2022. The primary outcome was the success of insulin transition between patients transitioned with an AG ≤ 12 mEq/L and those transitioned with an AG > 12 mEq/L. Transition was considered successful if the AG did not increase above the value at transition at 24 hours and insulin infusion was not restarted. Secondary outcomes include the individual components of the primary outcome and ICU length of stay (LOS); safety outcomes included hypoglycemia and electrolyte derangements. Results: In total, 92 patients were included, with 43 patients transitioned at AG ≤ 12 mEq/L and 49 patients transitioned at AG > 12 mEq/L. Transition was unsuccessful in 3 patients (7%) with AG ≤ 12 mEq/L and 2 patients (4%) with AG > 12 mEq/L ( P = .66). There was no difference in the incidence of the individual components of this outcome between groups or in safety outcomes. Conclusion: This retrospective study showed no difference in success of insulin transition between the groups. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the impact of treatment characteristics on transition success and patient outcomes.
The Economic Implications of Air Pollution: A Case of Two Cities
Authors: Chowdhury Soumi Roy , Pohit Sanjib , Singh Rishabh
Published: December 2023

Many cities in urban India, particularly the metros, are major hotspots of air pollution with a PM2.5 concentration level ranging above the permissible limits defined by the World Health Organisation for most of the year. Since the transport sector is a main source of air pollution in urban India, the Government of India adopted BS-VI emission standards in 2016 for all major on-road vehicle categories. The rollout of clean fuel (BS-VI) in India began in the capital city of Delhi, one of the most polluted cities of India. In this context, the primary objective of the article is to analyse the economic cost of air pollution in Delhi/Haryana through a primary survey of occupational groups exposed to ambient air pollution. The secondary objective is to provide suggestive evidences of the implications of the roll-out of cleaner fuel in Delhi while the same was not yet implemented in the neighbouring city of Narnaul in Haryana. We measure the economic cost of air pollution using three approaches, namely, the cost of illness approach, the productivity loss approach and also by undertaking a contingent valuation (CV) exercise. Through a first-of-its-kind CV survey administered in India, the welfare analysis uses the Indian estimates of the value of life years (VOLYs) to arrive at the welfare loss figures. We found that the economic costs in terms of health expenditure and productivity loss were ₹4.08 billion and ₹31.28 billion, respectively, for New Delhi, which remained higher than Narnaul. Although the cost of pollution decreased during the second phase of the survey towards the end of 2019, we argue that a longer time period analysis is needed to understand the true impact of introduction of the cleaner BS-VI fuel in reducing the impact of air pollution within the city. However, if one considers the value of LYs for Narnaul as a proxy for Haryana, we find that the welfare loss is higher in Haryana than in New Delhi.

JEL Codes: I18, Q51, Q52, Q53, Q58
Acute Effect of Kinesiology Taping on Muscle Activation, Functionality and Proprioception in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ataş Aylin , Abit Kocaman Ayşe , Karaca Şahika Burcu , Kasikci Çavdar Merve
Published: December 2023

Data on the mechanism of kinesiology taping (KT) for providing mechanical support, facilitating or inhibiting muscles, and increasing functionality in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) have been contradictory, with no study evaluating acute muscle activation. Our aim in this study was to determine the acute effect of KT applied to the rectus femoris muscle on this muscle’s activation, functionality and proprioception in patients with knee osteoarthritis. We divided 40 individuals diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis into two groups: (a) KT group (taping with tension facilitation) and (b) a placebo group (taping with no tension facilitation). We applied taping to the participants’ left and right side rectus femoris muscles for 30 minutes, but with muscle facilitation in the KT group and without tension in the placebo group. We assessed participants for muscle activation with surface electromyography (sEMG), for functionality with the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and for proprioception/joint sense with the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5TSTS) before and after taping. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the groups before these interventions were similar ( p > .05). Muscle activation did not change significantly in either group compared to before taping ( p > .05), but there were improvements in both knees for proprioception/joint sense ( p < .05). Both groups were similar in terms of functionality (5TSTS, TUG) results ( p > .05). We concluded that KT applied bilaterally to the rectus femoris did not affect rectus femoris muscle activation and functionality in patients with knee OA, but it did improve proprioception.
Ultrasound-guided extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with minimal x-ray exposure prevented genitourinary tract injury patients with urolithiasis in Taiwan
Authors: Chiang Yi-Te , Chen Shao-Ming , Tsui Hsuan-Mao , Juang Horng-Heng , Lin Chia-Wei , Chiang Meng-Han , Liu Chia-Hung , Hu Su-Wei , Kao Wei-Tang , Chen Kuan-Chou , Tzou Kai-Yi , Wu Chia-Chang , Wu Wen-Ling , Tsui Ke-Hung
Published: December 2023

Background:

This study investigated the use of ultrasound-guided extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) to break stones in the genitourinary tract and prevent genitourinary injury. Our goals were to achieve accurate focusing and minimal X-ray exposure for the benefit of the patients.

Methods:

The LiteMed LM-9200 lithotripter with ultrasonography and fluoroscopy was used for two different procedures: autoaimed and autoperiodical. These procedures enabled dual focusing on stone localization and tracking.

Results:

Out of 108 patients who underwent autoperiodical procedures, 29 had no gross hematuria. Among the 335 patients who received autoaimed procedures, 194 had no gross hematuria. The average duration of X-ray exposure during autoperiodical and autoaimed procedures was 120 and 50 s, respectively.

Conclusion:

The ultrasound-guided ESWL with minimal X-ray exposure was found to be useful in treating genitourinary upper-tract urolithiasis in the autoaimed procedure. Patients who underwent the autoaimed procedure experienced less gross hematuria compared to those who underwent the autoperiodical procedure.
A review on toxicity of nanomaterials in agriculture: Current scenario and future prospects
Authors: Muzammil Saima , Ashraf Asma , Siddique Muhammad Hussnain , Aslam Bilal , Rasul Ijaz , Abbas Rasti , Afzal Muhammad , Faisal Muhammad , Hayat Sumreen
Published: December 2023

Phytonanotechnology plays a crucial part in the production of good quality and high-yield food. It can also alter the plant's production systems, hence permitting the efficient, controlled and stable release of agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides. An advanced understanding of nanomaterials interaction with plant responses like localization and uptake, etc. could transfigure the production of crops with high disease resistance and efficient nutrients utilization. In agriculture, the use of nanomaterials has gained acceptance due to their wide-range applications. However, their toxicity and bioavailability are the major hurdles for their massive employment. Undoubtedly, nanoparticles positively influence seeds germination, growth and development, stress management and post-harvest handling of vegetables and fruits. These nanoparticles may also cause toxicity in plants through oxidative stress by generation of excessive reactive oxygen species thus affecting the cellular biomolecules and targeting different channels. Nanoparticles have shown to exert various effects on plants that are mainly affected by various attributes such as physicochemical features of nanomaterials, coating materials for nanoparticles, type of plant, growth stages and growth medium for plants. This article discusses the interaction, accretion and toxicity of nanomaterials in plants. The factors inducing nanotoxicity and the mechanisms followed by nanomaterials causing toxicity are also instructed. At the end, detoxification mechanism of plant is also presented.
Prioritizing Workplace Health Promotion Policy to Address High Blood Pressure and Obesity in a Public University in the Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Dzantor Edem Kojo , Kweku Margaret , Morhe Emmanuel Senanu Komla , Bugri Samuel Zanya
Published: December 2023

The International Labour Organization (ILO) recommends the engagement of the world of work in providing comprehensive and effective prevention strategy for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Workers are at risk of developing 1 or more cases of NCDs due to their exposure to risk factors at work. The ILO suggests that the work-related risk factors can be prevented by improving working conditions and integration of workplace health promotion programs. Workplace health promotion policies promote workers general health, improve working environment, work practices, and reduces the risks of common NCDs including hypertension (high blood pressure) and obesity among employees. A number of studies have described the increasing trends of hypertension and obesity among civil servants but are limited in assessing the availability and effectiveness of workplace health promotion policies to address them. We assessed the availability and effectiveness of workplace health promotion policy to address the prevalence of high blood pressure in a public university in the Northern Region of Ghana. Using a mixed method study design, 191 administrative staff were recruited and in-depth qualitative interviews conducted among 5 key informants. The study found significant number of participants with elevated and high blood pressure and overweight and obesity with no functional workplace health promotion at the time of the study. We therefore recommend the prioritization and development of a workplace health policy to reduce the prevalence of high blood pressure and obesity among staff of the university using the integrative workplace health promotion model.
Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of intestinal protozoan infections among patients attending a rural outreach outpatient department in Northern India
Authors: Khan Salman , Das Arghya , Nandal Mukesh , Vashisth Deepali , Vidyarthi Ashima Jain , Mirdha Bijay Ranjan
Published: December 2023

Despite great efforts, intestinal protozoan infections remain a significant healthcare concern worldwide. Although many point-of-care (POC) tests are increasingly being used, microscopic examination of stool specimens remains the mainstay for their diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings. We assessed the utility of rapid POC tests based on immunochromatography among patients from rural Northern India. A total of 78 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of nine specimens that tested positive for Giardia duodenalis on microscopy, an immunochromatographic test (ICT) could detect only five (55.55%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was demonstrated in two specimens on microscopy, both of which were missed by ICT. Its overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value were 50%, 98.5%, 83.3%, and 93%, respectively. Its performance was considered unsatisfactory. Although ICT-based tests provide a relatively rapid and less labor-intensive alternative, they should be used to supplement and not replace stool microscopy.
The Association Between Misdemeanor Citation and Jail Placement
Authors: Dunlea R.R.
Published: December 2023

Jail population sizes are determined largely by decision-making in the courtroom. The current study recognizes the police officer’s influence in the courtroom and explores the impact of police officer decision-making on subsequent jail outcomes. Using administrative data on misdemeanor convictions processed in a mid-sized urban prosecutor’s office in Florida, I examine the relationship between discretionary citations in lieu of arrest, pretrial detention stays, and jail sentences. Results show that citations are not used frequently, but they are associated with lower rates of both detention and jail sentences. These findings are evidence of a custodial inertia, where defendants who begin their cases in jail are progressively more likely to be there during and after case processing. This points to a potential role for citations in lieu of arrest as a tool to help reduce jail overcrowding.
Exploiting a natural experiment in assessing student learning outcomes in public and nonprofit administration: A demonstration
Authors: Galope Reynold , Bilyk Robert , Woldeab Daniel
Published: December 2023

This study exploits a natural experiment to establish the equivalence and/or difference in student learning outcomes between online and face-to-face public and nonprofit administration courses. Its main contribution is thus methodological. We will reexamine the online v. classroom debate - the face-to-face lecture is still the most effective method to deliver course content to students - using a new dataset and estimation approach. Our research addresses this causal inference question: Does the format of course delivery impact student learning? The most robust empirical strategy to rule out alternative explanations in causal studies is the experimental approach. In this study, we did not employ the experimental research design or any standard techniques, for example, regression analysis, available to the program evaluator or policy analyst. Instead, we exploited a naturally occurring phenomenon in a classroom environment to approximate statistical equivalence in the characteristics of students in the online and classroom formats and satisfy the exogeneity assumption of the treatment variable. Its more practical contribution is the use of learning theory and new research in online pedagogy to discuss the study’s conclusions and implications for online programming, instruction, and program coordination. We developed the feedback as teaching philosophy or approach to close the gap between the learning outcomes of completely asynchronous online and entirely face-to-face classes in public administration.
Experiences of Teachers of Students With Visual Impairments in Learning and Teaching a New Braille Code for Mathematics and Science
Authors: Herzberg Tina S. , Rett McBride C.
Published: December 2023

Introduction: In 2016, the United States transitioned to two new braille codes for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Little is known about the experiences of teachers of students with visual impairments in learning and supporting their students in learning these new braille codes: Nemeth Code within Unified English Braille (UEB) Contexts and UEB Technical. Methods: Thirteen certified teachers of students with visual impairments participated in one of three focus groups during the spring of 2020. The audio files were transcribed and then analyzed. Results: Some participants reported that they were still in the process of transitioning to Nemeth Code within UEB Contexts or UEB Technical. The majority of participants learned a new code through self-study and were introducing the symbols incrementally to their students. The participants reported that their students had been successful in learning Nemeth Code within UEB Contexts or UEB Technical, but there were challenges, including inadequate lead time, in supporting their students in STEM classes. Discussion: Affordable training and professional development for learning a new code were needed. Additional resources, including grade-level charts and curricula for K-12 students, should be created for both codes. Implications for Practitioners: Teachers of students with visual impairments are an essential part of the STEM educational team for students who read braille. Supporting student learning requires specialized knowledge of the braille codes used in STEM courses and technologies for producing tactile materials. Sharing of instructional materials, existing resources, and teacher expertise throughout mentorship would benefit the field of visual impairment.
Scripting Disability as the ‘New’ Bollywood: Pitching, reflecting, researching and negotiating
Authors: Sinha Priyam
Published: December 2023

In this article, I explore the role of screenwriters and dialogue writers within the more extensive filmmaking process of New Bollywood. Drawing on ethnographic data, I foreground the creative tools, research and negotiations that prompt screenwriters to conceptualise and pitch character arcs that feature disability while positioning the writer as central to diversify film genres. By building on scholarship on production cultures, scripting and disability studies, I draw upon factors that navigate the writer’s gaze from non-hereditary filmmaking networks to foreground disabilities in scripts and character arcs in efforts to strategise that they do not classify as reductive pathologisations and supercripping cultures. This article pays close attention to the conditions, identity politics, biases and situated vulnerabilities of writers that shape the assemblages of scripting disability rhetorics. The data from semi-structured interviews, with an explicit focus on three films and their script ideation and production pedagogies, illustrate these interlinkages and insights.