bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
U‐ONet: Remote sensing image semantic labelling based on octave convolution and coordination attention in U‐shape deep neural network
Authors: Hu Qiongqiong , Wang Feiting , Wu Yuechao , Li Ying
Published: October 2024

Semantic labelling of remote sensing images is crucial for various remote sensing applications. However, the dense distribution of man‐made and natural objects with similar colours and geographic proximity poses challenges for achieving consistent and accurate labelling results. To address this issue, a novel deep learning model incorporating an octave convolutional neural networks (CNNs) within an end‐to‐end U‐shaped architecture is presented. The approach differs from conventional CNNs in that it employs octave convolutions instead of standard convolutions. This strategy serves to minimize low‐frequency information redundancy while maintaining segmentation accuracy. Furthermore, coordination attention is introduced in the encoder module to enhance the network's ability to extract useful features, focusing on spatial and channel dependencies within the feature maps. This attention mechanism enables the network to better capture channel, direction, and location information. In conclusion, the U‐shaped network is engineered with a completely symmetric structure that employs skip connections to merge low‐resolution information, used for object class recognition, with high‐resolution information to enable precise localization. This configuration ultimately improves segmentation accuracy. Experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate that our U‐ONet achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance, making it a compelling choice for remote sensing image semantic labelling applications.
Research on non‐linear active disturbance rejection speed synchronisation control of aviation dual motor actuator considering current saturation constraints
Authors: Guan Wenqing , Cheng Yi , Luo Guangzhao , Dou Manfeng
Published: October 2024

Electro‐mechanical actuators with redundancy design use a cross‐coupling control strategy to enhance the coordinated control capability of the aviation motors. Due to its linear control characteristic, traditional cross‐coupling control reveals moderate dynamic response performance and synchronisation control accuracy. To further reduce the susceptibility to load torque and parameter perturbations in the application of a dual permanent magnet synchronous motor system, this paper proposes a non‐linear active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)‐based synchronisation control strategy. Considering the low gain problem of traditional ADRC when the speed tracking error is large, a non‐linear ADRC speed controller with an efal function is designed. Meanwhile, a Levant differentiator is proposed to improve the speed tracking performance during dynamic processes. Moreover, a non‐linear synchronous controller with current constraints is applied to the cross‐coupling control to enhance the synchronisation convergence performance of the dual‐PMSM system. Finally, simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed non‐linear ADRC speed synchronisation control.
Multispectral pedestrian detection based on feature complementation and enhancement
Authors: Nie Linzhen , Lu Meihe , He Zhiwei , Hu Jiachen , Yin Zhishuai
Published: October 2024

Multispectral pedestrian detection with visible light and infrared images is robust to changes in lighting conditions and therefore is of great importance to numerous applications that require all‐day environmental perception. This paper proposes a novel method named FCE‐RCNN, which integrates saliency detection as a sub‐task and utilizes global information for enhanced feature representation. The approach enhances thermal inputs by incorporating gradients at the raw‐data level before feature extraction. Utilizing a dual‐stream backbone, a global semantic information extraction module is introduced that combines pooling with horizontal–vertical attention mechanisms, capturing high‐quality global semantic information for lower‐level feature enrichment and guidance. Additionally, the pedestrian locality enhancement module is designed to enhance spatial locality information of pedestrians through saliency detection. Furthermore, to alleviate the challenges posed by positional shifts between cross‐spectral features, deformable convolution is innovatively employed. Experimental results on the KAIST dataset demonstrate that FCE‐RCNN significantly improves nighttime detection, achieving a log‐average miss rate of 6.92%, outperforming the new method ICAFusion by 0.93%. These results underscore the effectiveness of FCE‐RCNN, and the method also maintains competitive inference speed, making it suitable for real‐time applications.
A rapid recognition method for radar active jamming based on the Hybrid 3_CNN‐Transformer model
Authors: Wei Jingjing , Yu Lei , Wei Yinsheng , Xu Rongqing
Published: October 2024

As the electromagnetic environment becomes increasingly complex, radar encounters more intricate jamming patterns. Accurate and real‐time jamming recognition is crucial for effective radar anti‐jamming decisions. For scenarios with limited data, a rapid active jamming recognition method based on the Hybrid 3_CNN‐Transformer model is proposed. To thoroughly evaluate and validate this method, we simulated nine jamming types and used pulse compression for preprocessing. Combining the strengths of CNNs and Transformers, we constructed the Hybrid 3_CNN‐Transformer model, which employs three CNNs to extract local features from the complex domain, real part, and imaginary part of the jamming signals. After concatenating these features and performing position encoding, the model utilises Transformers to capture global features, enhancing recognition accuracy and reducing training time. To enhance computational efficiency and reduce storage, we applied an L1 norm‐based unstructured pruning algorithm for model compression, achieving an 82% pruning rate and cutting inference time to 33 ms. Experiments show that the Hybrid 3_CNN‐Transformer model significantly boosts recognition accuracy and speed over other models. On a small dataset with nine jamming types, it achieved 95.1% accuracy after 25 epochs and 100% after 90 epochs. This approach enhances training speed and accuracy, allowing rapid and reliable jamming recognition in resource‐limited environments.
Performance evaluation of EWARS (early warning and response system) for leptospirosis cases in Kebumen district health office in 2023
Authors: Tumiat  , Mukhibin Akhmad , Watsiq Maula Ahmad
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the early warning and response system (EWARS) in the Kebumen District Health Office in 2023, with a focus on the early detection of leptospirosis cases. This descriptive evaluation study used secondary data from the EWARS platform. The data was retrieved from the website web.skdr.surveilans.org. The timeliness of EWARS reporting at community health centers and hospitals in 2023 was 95.42% and 96.23%, respectively. The completeness of EWARS reports at community health centers and hospitals in 2023 was 100%, respectively. Community health centers reported 314 alerts, while 413 were reported from hospitals during 2023. The most frequently reported alert from hospitals was leptospirosis. In the EWARS, 66 cases of leptospirosis were reported at week 11. Alerts from hospital reports from week 1 to week 11 were increasing. An alert from the health center report appeared in the 9th week. The response that has been made is improving health awareness of leptospirosis around the affected community health centers and hospitals in the Kebumen area. The verification of cases from hospitals was 93.46% and verified within 24 hours. The timeliness and completeness of EWARS reporting in Kebumen District have surpassed the national targets of 80% and 90%, respectively. In the case of leptospirosis, community health centers need to increase early detection of symptoms and risk factors for leptospirosis.
Beyond the surface: A perspective on the psychosocial dimensions in mining operations in Indonesia
Authors: Jaladara Vena , Hasanbasri Mubasysyir
Published: October 2024

The mining industry still faces high accident rates among heavy vehicle operators, despite advancements in safety technologies and regulations. Fatigue is one of the most common issues faced by heavy vehicle operators. Fatigue has become a critical concern that significantly impacts occupational safety and productivity. Physical and psychosocial factors are frequently linked to the cause of fatigue. However, despite the implementation of various preventive measures, there has been little further investigation into psychosocial factors, including work-related burnout caused by long working hours and the need to adhere to rest regulations, which have not been prioritized. Implementing preventive measures is essential to improving the safety and well-being of heavy vehicle operators in the mining industry. This perspective explores how there are still many psychosocial issues that have not been addressed.
Retraction Note: The Role of Nanomaterials in Advancing Sustainable Healthcare Practices
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Yadav Rajat , Kumar Rahul , Raturi Anuj , Rao A.L.N , Kumar Anil , Shirish Boob Nandini
Published: October 2024

This paper has been formally retracted from publication by the Publisher due to the fact that it has no scientific validity Request approved by the Publisher on October 15, 2024.
Klinische und molekulare Epidemiologie maligner Speicheldrüsentumore
Authors: Jansen Louis , Nachtsheim Lisa , Mayer Marcel , Arolt Christoph , Quaas Alexander , Klußmann Jens Peter , Wolber Philipp
Published: October 2024

Speicheldrüsenkarzinome sind eine seltene und heterogene Gruppe von bösartigen Tumoren, die 3–6% aller bösartigen Tumoren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich ausmachen. Die 1-, 3- und 5-Jahres-Überlebensraten liegen bei 83%, 69% bzw. 63%. Aufgrund immer neuer molekularpathologischer und genetischer Erkenntnisse werden im Rahmen der wiederkehrenden WHO-Klassifikation der Speicheldrüsenkarzinome stetig neue Entitäten definiert, sodass die Inzidenzraten der Entitäten einem ständigen Wandel unterliegen. Der einzige gesicherte Risikofaktor für die Entstehung von Speicheldrüsenkarzinomen ist ionisierende Strahlung. Darüber hinaus verschlechtern große Tumoren, zervikaler Lymphknotenbefall und Perineuralscheidenbefall die Prognose signifikant. Heute rückt die Molekularpathologie in den Vordergrund, mit der potenzielle Targets identifiziert werden konnten, die insbesondere in rezidivierten oder fernmetastasierten Stadien prognoseverbessernde Therapieoptionen bieten können. So können entitätsspezifische Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren wie Axitinib beim Adenoidzystischen Karzinom oder Larotrectinib beim sekretorischen Karzinom und entitätsübergreifende Therapien wie HER2-Inhibition und Androgendeprivation bei günstigem Nebenwirkungsprofil das mediane und progressionsfreie Überleben verlängern.
Kosten: Ambulante Abrechnung – Auswirkungen und Implikationen für den Krankenhauseinkauf
Authors: Wagener Katharina , Biesterfeld Ingeborg
Published: October 2024

Die korrekte Abrechnung der Sachkosten beim ambulanten Operieren bedarf einer gewissen Vorbereitung. Die Kenntnis der Vergütungsmodalitäten ermöglicht es der Einkaufsabteilung, Erlöspotenziale in vollem Umfang zu nutzen.
Patientenlogistik oder „der Tanz mit dem Patienten“: Ein Fazit nach zwei Jahren Nutzung von digitalen ­Prozessen in der Patientenlogistik
Authors: Eloo Jörg
Published: October 2024

Die Digitalisierung führt in vielen Bereich der Patientenlogistik zu einer Verbesserung. Eine wichtige Rolle spielt dabei die 5-Faktor-Authetifizerung.
Sicherheit: Vollversorgung in Kliniken: Ein später Trend mit großem Potenzial
Authors: Dreier Tobias
Published: October 2024

Um die Herausforderungen in der Versorgungssicherheit zu meistern, können Kliniken auf spezialisierte Vollversorger setzen. Zentralisierte und standardisierte Logistikprozesse könnten daher in Zukunft im Gesundheitswesen immer wichtiger werden.
Sterilgutaufbereitung 4.0: Mit Robotik und KI gegen den Fachkräftemangel
Authors: Reisinger Kathrin
Published: October 2024

Immer häufiger geraten Kliniken bei der Sterilgutaufbereitung unter Druck und an ihre Grenzen. Durch fehlendes Personal treten beim Packen der Siebe vermehrt Fehler auf, Operationen verzögern sich. Am Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) wird nun der sensible Prozess mithilfe von Automatisierung, Robotik und Künstlicher Intelligenz umgekrempelt.
Management of Critically Ill Children with Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis during an H1N1 Outbreak in a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital: A Series of Three Cases and Literature Review
Authors: D'Eleuterio Annalisa , Rufini Paolo , L'Erario Manuela , Simonini Gabriele , Montagnani Carlotta , Ermini Stefano , Ricci Silvia , Bartolini Luca , Ricci Zaccaria
Published: October 2024

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a severe neurological condition that is diagnosed clinically and upon specific radiological imaging. Medical treatment of this condition is uncertain, and timing is likely very important to minimize brain damage and systemic inflammation. The present case series describes three patients suffering from ANE secondary to influenza A/H1N1 infection during a recent outbreak, treated with increasingly aggressive anti-inflammatory approach, and with significantly different outcomes.
Satisfaction with Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnant Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shrestha Kevin S. , Battarbee Ashley N.
Published: October 2024

Objective Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves pregnancy outcomes in type 1 diabetes. Given the rapid uptake of CGM in pregnancies complicated by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, our objective was to determine if CGM satisfaction and use differed between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Study Design Cross-sectional survey study of 100 patients with pregestational diabetes who used Dexcom G6 CGM during pregnancy and received prenatal care at a single tertiary care center. Participants completed the validated 15-question Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Survey (GMSS) and other questions about CGM use. The primary outcome was high satisfaction with CGM, defined as a total GMSS score of 4 or greater. Secondary outcomes included GMSS subscales, frequency of CGM app use, and CGM features used. Outcomes were compared between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and logistic and ordinal regression estimated the association between type 2 diabetes and outcomes.

Results Of 100 surveyed patients, 45 had type 1 and 55 had type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes were more likely to use CGM before pregnancy and use an insulin pump. CGM satisfaction did not differ between type 1 and type 2 diabetes (74.5 vs. 56.6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.54, 95% [confidence interval] CI: 0.21–1.36). High openness, low behavioral burden, low emotional burden, and high worthwhileness also did not differ between groups after adjustment for CGM use before pregnancy. Reported CGM app use was high and did not differ between groups. Patients with type 2 diabetes were less likely to use arrows and/or graphs on the CGM app compared to type 1 diabetes.

Conclusion In this cohort, patients with type 2 diabetes appear to be similarly satisfied with CGM compared to those with type 1 diabetes. Future efforts focused on CGM education for new users may help increase the use of CGM app features, maximize satisfaction, and minimize technology burden.

Key Points
Texting in the Fourth Trimester: mHealth for Postpartum Care
Authors: Bogaert Kelly C. , Kaplowitz Elianna , Atreja Ashish , Afzal Omara
Published: October 2024

Objective Rising maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States is a complex problem and is often tied to the postpartum period. Postpartum visits are poorly attended leading to gaps in contraception, mental health care, and care for chronic conditions. mHealth, health care supported by mobile technologies, has been shown to improve antenatal care adherence. Our study aims to determine whether an mHealth intervention of interactive, educational text messages can improve care for women postpartum.

Study Design We conducted a randomized control trial of 191 women receiving OB/GYN care in our clinic from November 2019 to April 2020. Patients were randomized postpartum to receive either routine care or routine care with mHealth text messages and appointment reminders specific to delivery type. The primary endpoint was attendance at the 6-week postpartum visit with secondary endpoints of breastfeeding, contraception use, emergency visits, and postpartum depression scores (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). A subgroup analysis was additionally conducted to assess the impact of some visits shifting to telehealth due to the timing of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Results Patient demographics were similar between the two groups. There was no significant difference in postpartum appointment attendance between text messages (n = 57, 59%) and control groups (n = 62, 66%; p = 0.31). In total, 117 patients were scheduled for in-person postpartum visits, and 74 for telehealth visits during the COVID-19 pandemic, with no significant difference in attendance rate between groups for either visit modality.

Conclusion Automated text messages alone did not increase our primary outcome of adherence to postpartum care, even when visits were conducted by telehealth. While mHealth has proven successful in other care areas, such as antepartum follow-up, further research is needed to determine whether it is an effective method to improve adherence to postpartum care, or whether other strategies must be developed, including augmentation with human navigators.

Key Points
Differences in Time of Birth between Spontaneous and Operative Vaginal Births
Authors: Hong Christopher X. , Masteling Mariana , Zhou Clarice G. , Janssen Matthew K. , Triebwasser Jourdan E.
Published: October 2024

Objective Previous studies have identified an association between obstetric interventions and the time of day in which they are performed; however, they do not account for granular variations in the temporality of delivery interventions, which is influenced by both health care providers and resource availability. We sought to assess differences in time of birth among spontaneous vaginal births (SVBs) versus operative (forceps- and vacuum-assisted) vaginal births (OVBs).

Study Design This cross-sectional study used birth certificate data from the National Vital Statistics System from 2016 to 2021, which includes the time of birth and delivery method for recorded U.S. births. The number of SVBs and OVBs at each minute was normalized relative to the total births within each delivery group to facilitate balanced comparisons between groups. Logistic regression analysis assessed the odds of OVBs per time of day.

Results A total of 15,412,129 subjects who underwent vaginal birth were included in this analysis, 690,905 (4.5%) of whom underwent OVBs. Compared to births at other time intervals, those between 4:30 and 7:30 p.m. were more likely to be OVBs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.14). Conversely, births between 3:00 and 6:00 a.m. were less likely to be OVBs (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.86–0.88). After adjusting for adjusting for maternal age, gestational age, and induction of labor, births between 4:30 and 7:30 p.m. remained more likely to be OVBs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.08–1.10) and births between 3:00 and 6:00 a.m. remained less likely to be OVBs (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.90–0.92).

Conclusion In this population-based study, we identified temporal differences between SVBs and OVBs with increased use of instrumentation during the late afternoon and reduced use in the early morning. These findings prompt further investigation into the indications for OVBs and root causes of these temporal variations, which are likely multifactorial and involve provider and resource availability.

Key Points
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Silacyclohexylidene Oxime Ethers by Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis
Authors: Yu Jin-Sheng , Wang Xi-Yu , Xie Xiao-Zhou , Wu Zhong-Wei , Bai Yang , Chen Guangying
Published: October 2024

The first asymmetric condensation of prochiral silacyclohexanones with hydroxylamines by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis has been developed, which provides a facile and straightforward protocol for the enantioselective construction of valuable axially chiral silacyclohexylidene oxime ethers that are otherwise inaccessible. Notably, this constitutes a rare example for accessing silacycles featuring axial chirality.
Endocrine Complications in Hepatic Glycogen Storage Diseases: A
Long-term Perspective
Authors: Kim Ja Hye , Lee Yena , Hwang Soojin , Kim Dohyung , Lee Beom Hee , Kim Gu-Hwan , Yoo Han-Wook , Choi Jin-Ho
Published: October 2024

Patients with a hepatic type of glycogen storage diseases (GSDs)
can manifest endocrine features such as hypoglycemia, dyslipidemia, or
osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the long-term endocrine
consequences in patients with hepatic GSDs.

This study included 64 patients from 52 families with hepatic GSDs
including GSD type Ia (41 patients from 37 families), Ib (3 unrelated), III (8
from 6 families), IV (1 patient), and IX (11 from 5 families). All patients were
genetically confirmed. Clinical and endocrine findings were retrospectively
analyzed.

The median age at diagnosis and current age were 2.4 years (range,
0.1−42.4 years) and 17.6 years (range, 1.0−47.8 years), respectively. The mean
height SDS at diagnosis was –3.5±1.4, and short stature was observed in 35.6% of
patients. Patients diagnosed after the age of 3.4 years exhibited a high risk of
short stature (OR=36.1; P-value<0.001). Among 33 patients who reached the
final height, 23 (69.7%) showed delayed puberty. Hypertriglyceridemia was
observed in 46 patients (71.9%), whereas 25 patients (39%) had elevated
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels during the follow-up period. Among 24
patients who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, 22 showed a low bone
mineral density Z-score of –3.0±1.3 at the L-spine.

This study described the long-term endocrine consequences in
patients with hepatic GSDs. Pediatric endocrinologists should be aware of the
presenting features and long-term endocrine sequelae of GSDs to provide proper
management and decrease its morbidities.
Can Salivary Cortisol be Used in Diagnosing Adrenal Insufficiency
During the Acute and Subacute Phases of Traumatic Brain Injury?
Authors: Urhan Emre , Elbuken Gulsah , Karaca Zuleyha , Unluhizarci Kursad , Kula Mustafa , Selcuklu Ahmed , Kelestimur Fahrettin
Published: October 2024

Introduction The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency (AI) related to
traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a challenge. We investigated the basal and
low-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stimulated serum cortisol and
salivary cortisol (SaC) levels and the diagnostic utility of SaC levels during
28 days following TBI.

Materials and Methods Blood samples were collected for basal levels
[sequentially from day 1 (D1) to D7 and on D28)] and for peak serum cortisol and
SaC responses to the low-dose ACTH stimulation test (on D1, D7, and D28). After
the patient enrollment period was completed, patients were retrospectively
categorized as AI or AS (adrenal sufficiency) for each day separately, based on
a basal serum cortisol cut-off level of 11 µg/dL, and data analysis was
performed between the groups.

Results Thirty-seven patients and 40 healthy controls were included.
Median basal serum cortisol levels were higher in patients on D1 but were
similar on other days. Median basal SaC levels were higher in patients on D1 and
D2 but were similar on other days. Median peak serum cortisol and SaC levels
were similar on D1 but were lower in patients on D7 and D28. Median basal SaC
levels were higher in the AS group than in the AI group on all days.

Discussion and Conclusions When evaluating AI during the course of TBI,
the cut-off for basal SaC levels is 0.5–0.6 µg/dL throughout the first week,
except for 1.38 µg/dL on D2. SaC levels may serve as a surrogate marker for
accurately reflecting circulating glucocorticoid activity.
Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Endarteritis in Children
Authors: Canning Jane , Occleshaw Christopher , Iyengar Ajay J. , Moosmann Julia
Published: October 2024

The risk of patent ductus arteriosus infective endarteritis (PDA-IE) has significantly reduced since the introduction of antibiotics and surgical or interventional treatment strategies. However, diagnosis and adequate, timely management of PDA-IE remains challenging. We present the case of a 9-year-old girl with PDA-IE, illustrating our strategy to minimize complications in pediatric patients.
Homoeopathic Management of Chronic Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Males—Two Evidence-Based Case Reports
Authors: Nanda Jayashree , Prusty Umakanta , Choudhury Sujata
Published: October 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are uncommon in men, with an incidence of 5 to 8 per 10,000 per year among those aged between 21 and 50 years, in contrast to women, where the incidence is 30 times higher. UTI in men can lead to severe and painful symptoms, often requiring surgical interventions. Considering the limitations and complications of conventional medical or surgical procedures, homeopathy may offer a viable solution for such conditions. Two cases of chronic UTIs in men are presented here, in which constitutional homeopathic medicines were prescribed with positive results. In the first case, the patient experienced frequent urination, urgency, straining before urination, and a drop-wise urine flow. A retrograde urethrogram X-ray diagnosed the condition as a stricture urethra. In the second case, the patient had been suffering from repeated UTIs with painful urination for two years and was diagnosed with cystitis and epididymo-orchitis. After detailed case assessments, both patients were prescribed constitutional homeopathic remedies. Sulphur was prescribed in the first case, and Arsenic in the second case, both in 50 millesimal potencies, providing relief within a short period. However, in both cases, Thuja was prescribed as complementary medicine, which cleared all UTI symptoms, leading to a negative urine culture result. Homeopathy proved effective in providing relief in two cases of chronic UTI. It's important to note that the conclusions drawn from these two cases may not be sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. Therefore, clinical trials are suggested to establish the efficacy of constitutional medicine in the treatment of chronic UTIs in men.
Assessing Oral Cancer Knowledge and Awareness among Dental Patients of Bengaluru City, India
Authors: Reddy Sujatha S. , Nagaraju Rakesh , Nagi Ravleen , Prashanth Radha , Sen Ritu , Z. Ummu Salma
Published: October 2024

Background Oral cancer (OC) is prevalent in India, with serious social and economic ramifications on the public, often resulting in poverty and societal imbalance. Knowledge of the risk factors and signs and symptoms may reduce the OC burden on the society.

Objectives To assess the knowledge regarding risk factors and clinical indicators in early detection and prevention of OC among dental patients.

Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study, interviewer-administered questionnaire was conducted among 540 adult patients attending the outpatient department of dental hospital. The questionnaire contained items about participants' characteristics, including demographics, education level, and knowledge about major risk factors: use of tobacco products, alcohol, diet/nutrition, family cancer history, oral hygiene habits and dental aspects, and clinical presentation of OC. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data, and the significance threshold was set at p = 0.05. The subjects were counseled immediately after completion of the questionnaire regarding tobacco cessation, and was given advice on diet, oral hygiene maintenance, and other lifestyle modifications.

Results A solid understanding of signs and symptoms was demonstrated by 72%. However, two-thirds of this group were unaware of the symptoms associated with OC. As for OC risk factors such as tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption, 61.6% expressed good knowledge. Of the total, 38.3% reported visiting a dentist at least once a year for dental issues in the past 3 years, yet none of them had undergone OC screening. Additionally, less than 10% of the patients received OC counseling or tobacco cessation intervention from a dentist.

Conclusion Knowledge of OC risk factors and signs and symptoms were average, which may adversely affect the practices regarding prevention and early detection.
The Pathophysiology and Biomarkers of Delirium
Authors: Smith Camryn J. , Hodge Dasia , Harrison Fiona E. , Williams Roberson Shawniqua
Published: October 2024

Delirium is a major disturbance in the mental state characterized by fluctuations in arousal, deficits in attention, distorted perception, and disruptions in memory and cognitive processing. Delirium affects approximately 18% to 25% of hospital inpatients, with even higher rates observed during critical illness. To develop therapies to shorten the duration and limit the adverse effects of delirium, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying its presentation. Neuroimaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography, functional MRI, and near-infrared spectroscopy point to global atrophy, white matter changes, and disruptions in cerebral blood flow, oxygenation, metabolism, and connectivity as key correlates of delirium pathogenesis. Electroencephalography demonstrates generalized slowing of normal background activity, with pathologic decreases in variability of oscillatory patterns and disruptions in functional connectivity among specific brain regions. Elevated serum biomarkers of inflammation, including interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and S100B, suggest a role of dysregulated inflammatory processes and cellular metabolism, particularly in perioperative and sepsis-related delirium. Emerging animal models that can mimic delirium-like clinical states will reveal further insights into delirium pathophysiology. The combination of clinical and basic science methods of exploring delirium shows great promise in elucidating its underlying mechanisms and revealing potential therapeutic targets.
Hereditary Angioedema and Venous Thromboembolism: Where There's Smoke, There's Fire
Authors: Grover Steven P.
Published: October 2024

C1-inhibitor deficiency–associated hereditary angioedema (C1INH-HAE) is a rare congenital swelling disorder caused by mutations in the SERPING1 gene. Despite evidence of a systemic procoagulant state in C1INH-HAE, dogma held that this disorder was not associated with thrombotic pathologies. Recent population scale epidemiological evidence has directly challenged this, with C1INH-HAE being associated with a significantly increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This review considers the growing body of evidence supporting associations between HAE and both a systemic procoagulant state and an increased risk of VTE. In the setting of C1INH-HAE, the relationship between the observed procoagulant and thrombotic phenotypes is a prime example of “where there's smoke, there's fire.” This review also discusses the impact of C1INH-HAE disease modifying therapies on coagulation and VTE. Further, the utility of preclinical mouse models of C1-inhibitor deficiency is considered.
Middle-Preserving Pancreatectomy for Multicentric Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm in a 10-Year-Old Female
Authors: Marshall Grace , Byrne Matthew , Wirth Korry , Liao Xiaoyan , Linehan David C. , Wilson Nicole A.
Published: October 2024

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) is a rare low-grade malignant tumor of the pancreas that occurs predominantly in young females. This tumor is occasionally multicentric, posing a unique surgical conundrum for resection. We present a case of a 10-year-old female with a history of multicystic dysplastic left kidney and persistent urogenital sinus who was diagnosed with biopsy-proven multicentric SPN of the pancreatic head and tail and underwent middle-preserving pancreatectomy. The patient tolerated the surgery very well. Our case is one of the few reported cases of multicentric SPN in a pediatric patient, and the only case treated with middle-preserving pancreatectomy, which is a novel surgical option for protecting pediatric patients from total endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. With the increase in the incidence of SPN, there is an increasing need for pancreas-preserving surgical options, particularly in pediatric patients.
Experimental implementation of time reversal in an optical domain
Authors: Yao Wenxiu , Zheng Li-ang , Zhang Xiaoli , Tian Long , Shen Heng , Zheng Yaohui
Published: October 2024

Time reversal has enabled many fundamental breakthroughs through the exquisite control over the complex systems. More recently, time reversal is predicted to be capable of enhancing the quantum sensing in unprecedented ways. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of time reversal based on a unitary and orthogonal squeezing interaction in an optical domain. Two cascaded degenerate optical parametric amplifiers are used to judiciously achieve a time reversal protocol. Finally, the concept of high-fidelity time reversal is demonstrated in the optical domain, offering remarkable opportunities for investigating many-body simulation and achieving quantum-enhanced sensing.
Overview of the early campaign diagnostics for the SPARC tokamak (invited)
Authors: Reinke M. L. , Abramovic I. , Albert A. , Asai K. , Ball J. , Batko J. , Brettingen J. , Brunner D. , Cario M. , Carmichael J. , Chrobak C. , Creely A. , Cykman D. , Dalla Rosa M. , Dubas E. , Downey C. , Ferrera A. , Frenje J. , Fox-Widdows E. , Gocht R. , Gorini G. , Granetz R. , Greenwald M. , Grieve A. , Hanson M. , Hawke J. , Henderson T. , Hicks S. , Hillesheim J. , Hoffmann A. , Holmes I. , Howard N. , Hubbard A. , Hughes J. W. , Ilagan J. , Irby J. , Jean M. , Kaur G. , Kennedy R. , Kowalski E. , Kuang A. Q. , Kulchy R. , LaCapra M. , Lafleur C. , Lagieski M. , Li R. , Lin Y. , Looby T. , Zubieta Lupo R. , Mackie S. , Marmar E. , McKanas S. , Moncada A. , Mumgaard R. , Myers C. E. , Nikolaeva V. , Nocente M. , Normile S. , Novoa C. , Ouellet S. , Panontin E. , Paz-Soldan C. , Pentecost J. , Perks C. , Petruzzo M. , Quinn M. , Raimond J. , Raj P. , Rebai M. , Riccardo V. , Rigamonti D. , Rice J. E. , Rosenthal A. , Safabakhsh M. , Saltos A. , Shanahan J. , Silva Sa M. , Song I. , Souza J. , Stein-Lubrano B. , Stewart I. G. , Sweeney R. , Tardocchi M. , Tinguely A. , Vezinet D. , Wang X. , Witham J.
Published: October 2024

The SPARC tokamak is a high-field, Bt0 ∼12 T, medium-sized, R0 = 1.85 m, tokamak that is presently under construction in Devens, MA, led by Commonwealth Fusion Systems. It will be used to de-risk the high-field tokamak path to a fusion power plant and demonstrate the commercial viability of fusion energy. SPARC’s first campaign plan is to achieve Qfus > 1 using an ICRF-heated, <10 MW, high current, Ip ∼ 8.5 MA, L-mode fueled by D–T gas injection, and its second campaign will investigate H-mode operations in D–D. To facilitate plasma control and scientific learning, a targeted set of ∼50 plasma diagnostics are being designed and built for operation during these campaigns. While nearly all diagnostics are based on established techniques, the pace of deployment, relative to the first plasma, and the harshness of the thermal, electromagnetic, and radiation environment are unprecedented for medium-sized tokamaks. An overview of the SPARC diagnostic set is given, providing context to further details communicated by the SPARC team in companion publications that are system-specific. The system engineering philosophy for SPARC diagnostics is outlined, and the design and engineering verification process for components inside and outside the primary vacuum boundary are described. Diagnostics are mounted directly to the vacuum vessel as well as housed within a series of eight midplane and 24 off-midplane replaceable port plugs. With limited exceptions, signal conditioning, digitization electronics and cameras as well as lasers and microwave sources are localized to a series of five Diagnostic Lab spaces, totaling ∼350 m2, located >15 m from the center of the tokamak, on the other side of a 2.4 m concrete shielding wall. A series of 31 large-scale penetrations have been included in the SPARC Tokamak Hall to facilitate integration of early campaign diagnostics and to provide upgradability.
Experimental setup for comprehensive study of non-stationary heat transfer in complex liquid media
Authors: Rutin S. B. , Lipchak A. I.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a setup for studying non-stationary heat exchange in liquid media on a scale of small times and sizes at high heat flux densities created using a high-speed precision power controller. A platinum wire with a diameter of 20 μm and a length from 0.5 to 1 cm is used as a probe. The heating time ranged from 1 to 300 ms, and the heat flux densities from 1 to 20 MW/m2 were achieved in the experiments. Strictly specified conditions for heat release in the probe are confirmed by maintaining a constant power in a series of pulses with an accuracy of 0.05%. Acquiring a primary electrical signal of thermograms is synchronized with high-speed video recording, allowing an accurate relationship between the applied thermal load and the mechanics of processes in the studied liquid. The setup capabilities were shown by comparing the boiling patterns of a simple substance, such as ethanol, and a solution with a lower critical solution temperature, a 30 vol. % solution of polypropylene glycol-425 in water, which have similar thermograms. As a result, a qualitative difference between the heating and boiling patterns observed using high-speed video and the presented setup fitting its purpose has been shown.
Tuning lattice thermal conductivity in NbMoTaW refractory high-entropy alloys: Insights from molecular dynamics using machine learning potential
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Haochun , Xiong Jie , Chen Shuai , Zhang Gang
Published: October 2024

Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) have attracted increasing interest due to their excellent mechanical properties under extreme conditions. However, the lattice thermal conductivity is still not well studied. In this paper, we calculate the lattice thermal conductivity of the NbMoTaW RHEA using the equilibrium molecular dynamics method with a machine learning-based interatomic potential. We find that with increasing Mo concentration, the lattice thermal conductivity increased from 1.72 to 2.16 W/mK, an increase of 25.6%. The underlying mechanism is explained by the phonon density of states and phonon mode participation. Increasing the Mo concentration can induce a blueshift in both the low-frequency and high-frequency phonons. Moreover, we find that at the frequency corresponding to the phonon density of states peak, the NbMo1.5TaW RHEA has the largest mode participation rate, which is the main reason for the anomalous lattice thermal conductivity. In addition, we investigate the effect of temperature on the lattice thermal conductivity and the results show that anharmonicity has a dominant effect. Finally, the effect of compressive strain on the lattice thermal conductivity is explored. Our work discloses that the phonon density of states associated with phonon mode participation plays critical roles in the thermal conductivity of the RHEA, rather than the previously recognized conformational entropy. This contributes to the understanding of the thermal behavior of RHEA and provides an effective route to tune its thermal conductivity.
Optimization of the dielectric layer parameters through coupled numerical analysis to enhance droplet and particle manipulation in digital microfluidic chips
Authors: Zhao Yanfeng , Liu Menghua , Dong Xinyi , Liu Jiaxin , Huang Hen-Wei , Shi Qing , Huang Qiang , Wang Huaping
Published: October 2024

Digital microfluidic chips (DMCs) have shown the ability to flexibly manipulate droplets and particles, which is meaningful for biomedical applications in drug screening and clinical diagnostics. As a critical component of DMCs, the dielectric layer, with its key physical parameters (permittivity and thickness), directly determines the voltage distribution, thereby significantly affecting the manipulation performance. To optimize manipulation performance, simulation studies on dielectric layer parameters are essential during the DMC design. Existing simulation methods can evaluate the effect of dielectric layer parameters on droplet manipulation but encounter inherent challenges when analyzing the manipulation of particles within droplets. Here, we propose a versatile numerical analysis approach that can simultaneously analyze the effect of dielectric layer parameters on both droplet and particle manipulation, thereby optimizing the dielectric layer parameters to enhance the DMC manipulation performance. Initially, the voltage distributions corresponding to different sets of dielectric layer parameters are solved using electromagnetic field theory. Subsequently, the voltage distribution data are used to calculate the droplet and particle driving forces based on the principle of virtual work. Finally, by comparing the driving forces across different sets of dielectric layer parameters, the optimal dielectric layer parameters are determined to enhance the DMC manipulation performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the droplet and particle accelerations align with the simulated driving force trends, thereby validating our numerical analysis method. We anticipate that our method will be able to provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of dielectric layer parameters to obtain a desirable manipulation performance in more complex DMC designs.
On the physical origin of the superconducting transition in transition-edge sensors
Authors: Fàbrega Lourdes , Camón Agustín , Pobes Carlos , Strichovanec Pavel
Published: October 2024

Transition-Edge Sensors (TESs) constitute highly sensitive particle and radiation detectors, widely used in many applications. Each of these requires optimization of TES performances and designs, including sizes and geometries. These may have implications on the superconducting transition mechanisms and, therefore, on TESs performances and stability, through the specific shape of the resistance vs temperature and current R(T,I) and the nature of noise. In this study, we investigate the dependence of the superconducting transition, characterized by R(T,I), on TES size and bias current density. Through analyses of R(T,I) in bare Mo/Au TESs with Tc tuned for this study, we observe how the weak link behavior induced by the superconducting leads weakens and disappears as TES length or driving current increase, being substituted by another dominant transition mechanism, which might be related to a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition. We also observe a significant broadening of the transition's upper part, attributed to the longitudinal proximity effect induced by the pads; for the shorter devices, this effect is observed for R > 70% Rn and results in TES resistances considerably lower than Rn up to temperatures well above the TES transition: R < Rn up to 3 K for a 8 μm-long device.
An examination of nonlinear collisionless magnetic reconnection through eigenmode decomposition
Authors: Stolnicki Nathan Tyler , Williams Zachary Russel , Fraser Adrian Everett
Published: October 2024

This work investigates the nonlinear evolution of collisionless magnetic reconnection through a simple two-dimensional, two-fluid model that employs an eigenmode decomposition. The two-fluid model for collisionless reconnection is solved using the Dedalus code, allowing for the determination of eigenmode amplitudes to assess the contribution of each eigenmode to the nonlinear configuration. Stable mode dynamics are observed to play a significant role in the nonlinear evolution of reconnection, with contributions from a linearly damped mode comparable to the dominant unstable mode at the same spatial scale. The participation and necessity of the stable mode in nonlinear reconnection activity are highlighted. A truncated eigenmode decomposition is implemented to describe the system, revealing the importance of a spectrum of marginal modes as well.
A method for calculating acoustic scattered field for planar metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Andong , Zhang Jiawei , Lou Liyu , Gao Yuanpeng
Published: October 2024

The propagation of sound in materials is closely related to their geometric and physical properties, and people have been trying to construct metamaterials to modulate sound. These metamaterials are typically constructed with specific geometric patterns to scatter acoustic waves; therefore, understanding sound propagation passing through these structures is essential. This article proposes a convenient method to analyze how the scattered field is distributed after the incident wave passes through a metasurface composed of multiple materials and meta units with arbitrary geometrical configurations. The key to realizing it is that each term of the Fourier expansion of the distribution of a specific property of the metasurface corresponding to a harmonic branch after the incident wave is coupled with localized vibration of the metasurface. This method is validated by simulation and can be used to construct metasurfaces at the sub-wavelength scale for flexible control of scattered waves, and it can guide the design of acoustic lenses, devices that collect sound energy using surface waves, and acoustic diffusers inside rooms.
Negative and near-zero thermal expansion driven by cooperative Jahn–Teller effect in Fe2P2O7
Authors: Liang Yuan , Zeng Gaojie , Hao Xiangkai , Zhao Kaiyue , Liu Xiansheng , Guo Juan , Ren Xiao , Sun Qiang , Qiao Yongqiang , Gao Qilong , Liang Erjun
Published: October 2024

Fe2P2O7 is a multifunctional material and has potential applications in a variety of fields but there exist controversies in the postulated space groups and studies on its phase transition and thermal expansion properties are still lacking. High-resolution synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction, first-principles calculations, and specific heat capacity analyses are applied to solve these problems. The results reveal that Fe2P2O7 crystallizes in a triclinic structure with the C1¯ space group at low temperatures (α phase) and undergoes successive phase transitions to an intermediate phase (α′) at about 346 K and a monoclinic structure with the B21/c space group (β phase) at about 456 K. Fe2P2O7 exhibits a low, giant negative, and near-zero thermal expansion in the regions of 100–325, 325–375, and 375–475 K, respectively. The Jahn–Teller effect of Fe2+ ions and their transition from the static to dynamic one by thermal activation are proposed to account for the unique thermal expansion/contraction properties.
Spin Hall effect in platinum deposited by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Ishida Ken , Sato Kota , Hai Pham Nam
Published: October 2024

We investigated the spin Hall effect of Pt thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using the MeCpPtMe3 precursor on c-plane sapphire substrates. We show that while the spin Hall conductivity of ALD-grown Pt is relatively low (0.2–0.6 × 105ℏ2eΩ−1 m−1) for Pt film thicknesses less than 7 nm, it suddenly increases for thicker films, reaching 2.5–3.0 × 105ℏ2eΩ−1 m−1. This behavior is attributed to the intrinsic morphology of Pt thin films grown by ALD on sapphire, where ultrathin films (<7 nm) contain small islands, while thicker films are smoother due to the coalescence of islands. Our findings underscore the necessity of growing continuous films when applying ALD-grown spin Hall materials in three-dimensional (3D) spin–orbit torque (SOT) devices. These results confirm the potential of ALD in advancing SOT applications and pave the way for the development of next-generation three-dimensional SOT spintronic devices.