bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of hemorrhagic congenital intracranial immature teratoma with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery
Authors: Fukuoka Kohei , Yanagisawa Takaaki , Suzuki Tomonari , Wakiya Kenji , Matsutani Masao , Sasaki Atsushi , Nishikawa Ryo
Published: October 2013

Congenital intracranial immature teratomas carry a dismal prognosis, and the usefulness of chemotherapy for these tumors has not been elucidated. The authors report on the successful management of a case of congenital intracranial immature teratoma by using neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery after the failure of an initial attempt at resection.

The patient was an infant who had begun vomiting frequently at the age of 12 days and had been admitted to a hospital at the age of 18 days with continued vomiting, increased head circumference, and disturbance of consciousness. A CT scan of the brain revealed a large mass in his posterior fossa and hydrocephalus. Surgery was performed on an emergent basis, but only minor tumor resection could be performed due to massive intraoperative hemorrhage. The histopathological diagnosis was immature teratoma. Postoperatively, the infant was in critical condition due to severe postoperative complications, and when he was transferred to the authors' institution 43 days after birth, his respiratory condition was still unstable because of lower cranial nerve palsy. Chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide resulted in moderate shrinkage of the tumor. Further chemotherapy led to improvement in the patient's general condition and weight gain, which allowed for a second attempt at resection. During this second surgery, which was performed when the child was 8 months of age, after 8 courses of chemotherapy, the tumor was completely resected with little bleeding. Histological findings from the second operation were consistent with mature teratoma.

This case indicates that upfront chemotherapy may be effective for the initial management of such cases. Although the objective response to the treatment was modest, chemotherapy reduced the hemorrhagic nature of the tumor, facilitated improvement of the patient's general condition, and allowed for successful resection.
Human Application of Ex Vivo Expanded Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Enhance Hematopoiesis after Cord Blood Transplantation
Authors: Wu Kang-Hsi , Tsai Chris , Wu Han-Ping , Sieber Martin , Peng Ching-Tien , Chao Yu-Hua
Published: October 2013

Delayed hematopoietic reconstitution after cord blood (CB) transplantation (CBT) needs to be overcome. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have been found to enhance engraftment after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, getting BMMSCs involves an invasive procedure. In this study, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) were isolated from Wharton's jelly and cryopreserved in the UCMSCs bank. Compared with BMMSCs, we found that UCMSCs had superior proliferative potential. We found that NOD/SCID mice cotransplanted with CB and UCMSCs demonstrated significant human CD45+ cell engraftment compared with those transplanted with CB alone. Then, 20 patients with high-risk leukemia were prospectively randomized to either receive cotransplantation of CB and ex vivo expanded banked UCMSCs or to receive CBT alone. No serious adverse events were observed in the patients receiving UCMSC infusion. The time to undergo neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment was significantly shorter in the eight patients receiving cotransplantation than that in the 12 patients receiving CBT alone ( p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively). Thus, application of ex vivo expanded banked UCMSCs in humans appears to be feasible and safe. UCMSCs can enhance engraftment after CBT, but further studies are warranted.
A HYBRID COLUMN GENERATION ALGORITHM BASED ON METAHEURISTIC OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Hu Wenbin , Du Bo , Wu Ye , Liang Huangle , Peng Chao , Hu Qi
Published: October 2013

The exact solution and heuristic solution have their own strengths and weaknesses on solving the Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Windows (VRPTW). This paper proposes a hybrid Column Generation Algorithm with Metaheuristic Optimization (CGAMO) to overcome their weaknesses. Firstly, a Modified Labelling Algorithm (MLA) in the sub-problem of path searching is analysed. And a search strategy in CGAMO based on the demand of sub-problem is proposed to improve the searching efficiency. While putting the paths found in the sub-problem into the main problems of CGAMO, the iterations may fall into endless loops. To avoid this problem and keep the main problems in a reasonable size, two conditions on saving the old paths in the main problem are used. These conditions enlarge the number of constraints considered in the iterations to strengthen the limits of dual variables. Through analysing the sub-problem, we can find many useless paths that have no effect on the objective function. Secondly, in order to reduce the number of useless paths and improve the efficiency, this paper proposes a heuristic optimization strategy of CGAMO for dual variables. It is supposed to accelerate the solving speed from the view of on the dual problem. Finally, extensive experiments show that CGAMO achieves a better performance than other state-of-the-art methods on solving VRPTW. The comparative experiments also present the parameters sensitivity analysis, including the different effects of MLA in the different path selection strategies, the characteristics and the applicable scopes of the two pathkeeping conditions in the main problem.
Safety of Cidofovir by Intratympanic Delivery Technique
Authors: Ward Jonette A , Sidell Douglas R , Nassar Michel , Reece Alisa L , Choo Daniel I
Published: October 2013

Background

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most common infectious causes of congenital sensorineural hearing loss. To date, a safe and effective therapy for CMV-induced hearing loss does not exist. We hypothesize that the antiviral cidofovir (CDV) can be delivered to the inner ear via intratympanic (IT) injections to safely and effectively mitigate CMV-induced hearing loss.

Methods

To evaluate the safety of CDV IT injections, weanling guinea pigs with normal hearing were injected intratympanically with 3 mg or 5 mg concentrations of CDV and compared to control animals injected with sterile saline. A separate group of weanling guinea pigs were inoculated with CMV and a subset of this group was treated with CDV following inoculation.

Results

The 3 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml CDV concentrations resulted in hearing loss following IT injection into uninfected animals. No signs of inflammation or toxicity were noted on histologic analysis and there was no evidence of systemic toxicity in serology. Hearing loss induced as a result of guinea pig CMV infection recovered by day 21 in animals treated with IT injections of 5 mg/ml CDV.

Conclusions

We provide promising evidence demonstrating both the efficacy and safety of IT CDV in the guinea pig animal model. This research further establishes a sound framework upon which ongoing investigations into drug delivery mechanisms for CMV-induced hearing loss will be based.
Psychologie de Socrate ou histoire de ses inspirations et de son démon
Authors: Lélut Louis-Francisque , Vermont Élodie
Published: October 2013

Nous reproduisons ici des extraits de l’ouvrage de Louis-Francisque Lélut, aliéniste français, Du Démon de Socrate, spécimen d’une application de la science psychologique à celle de l’histoire , publié en 1836. Nous nous intéressons ici à son interprétation de ce que Socrate nommait lui-même son « démon », son « génie », son « dieu », et qui se manifestait à lui sous la forme d’une « voix ». Tel que ce texte le figure, Socrate est halluciné et les manifestations singulières de sa folie apparurent dès l’enfance. Cette conception, datée, de l’hallucination est autant un état des lieux de la psychiatrie du début du xix e siècle et présente un phénomène qui aura intéressé philosophes comme médecins : quel statut accorder à la « voix » de Socrate ?
De l'enfant sauvage au chant sauvage
Authors: Haddi Fatiha
Published: October 2013

L’auteur entreprend de faire le récit de sa pratique de la musique en CLIS 1. L’arrivée de trois nouveaux élèves autistes interroge le choix pédagogique musical initial. Le projet est alors réorienté en direction d’un travail vocal inspiré de la musique contemporaine.
L'enfant autiste et le langage : habiter sa voix
Authors: Grollier Michel
Published: October 2013

La voix a une dimension proprement humaine qui l’inscrit en continuité avec le langage et sa structure signifiante. À partir d’une enfant présentant des troubles autistiques, nous tentons de montrer l’ouverture qu’autorise l’usage de la voix, quand elle peut être supportée, vers un certain usage signifiant. Les inventions de cet enfant lui autorisent ainsi une certaine organisation du monde qui structure sa voix, d’une simple prosodie vers l’usage d’une apparente parole.
De l'accompagnement psychologique des femmes aux missions du correspondant cnaop : une expérience clinique singulière
Authors: Prononce-Poyol Chantal
Published: October 2013

L’accompagnement psychologique des mères de naissance demande une réflexion préalable sur le dispositif d’accueil de leur parole afin de ne pas renforcer leurs mécanismes de défense, de ne pas les confiner au secret, afin de déjouer les pièges que la clinique de l’abandon tend aux institutions et aux sujets. De la qualité de cet accueil va aussi dépendre l’inscription de l’enfant dans sa filiation adoptive.
Accompagner le désir d'enfant dans le champ de l'adoption
Authors: Sellenet Catherine
Published: October 2013

Cet article interroge la question de l’évaluation du désir d’enfant dans le champ de l’adoption. Vouloir être parent, quoi de plus naturel si nous considérons que toute espèce animale comme humaine vise à sa reproduction ? Mais le désir d’enfant ne s’épuise pas dans cet argumentaire ni pour les couples ou personnes infertiles, ni pour les 12 % de candidats pour lesquels la stérilité n’est pas un problème. Alors, quels sont les arcanes de ce désir ? Faut-il, comme les psychologues le pensent, « faire le deuil de l’enfant biologique ou de l’enfant rêvé » pour adopter en toute sécurité ? Le risque est-il bien là, dans un décalage irréductible et non assumé entre l’enfant rêvé et l’enfant réel ? Le désir d’enfant et ses figures du manque sont-ils une porte d’entrée à la compréhension des difficultés, voire des échecs rencontrés dans l’adoption ?
Adoption : quel accompagnement avec l'Agence française de l'adoption ?
Authors: Dartiguenave Catherine
Published: October 2013

L’adoption internationale se situe à un tournant de son histoire : depuis le milieu des années 2000, elle change de visage, véritable observatoire de l’évolution des sociétés à travers le monde. Le désir d’enfant semble se prolonger avec l’espérance de vie, parfois sans souci des niveaux de générations. Ce sont désormais des projets complexes qu’il faut accompagner en prenant en compte au plus près les critères propres à chaque pays, le profil des familles et celui des enfants adoptables (fratries, enfants grands, malades, au passé carentiel, voire traumatique). La multitude d’acteurs impliqués dans cette procédure exige des pratiques renouvelées, un effort créatif en matière d’outils et de supports d’information, et une coordination à chaque étape afin d’offrir aux futurs parents une préparation adaptée à cette réalité. De même, du fait des risques connus découlant de cette évolution, un regard ouvert sur le monde ainsi qu’une prise de conscience s’imposent chez chaque adoptant afin de lui permettre de se représenter au mieux ce qu’ont pu vivre ces enfants dans leurs pays.
Adoption internationale : l'accompagnement de la parentalité adoptive des postulants au-delà de l'agrément
Authors: André-Trévennec Geneviève
Published: October 2013

L’adoption internationale et son évolution nécessitent une préparation des adoptants face à la nouvelle réalité. L’enfant réel est de plus en plus éloigné de l’enfant rêvé. Aujourd’hui, des enfants à besoins spécifiques sont majoritairement proposés par les pays d’origine : c’est-à-dire des enfants à particularités médicales, ou âgés de 5 ans et plus, ou en fratrie. Cela nécessite une information, des programmes de formation et des suivis postadoption pendant plusieurs années. Le rôle des organismes autorisés pour l’adoption est d’assurer cet accompagnement en développant des outils pédagogiques avec l’aide de spécialistes médicaux, de psychologues et de travailleurs sociaux. Une coopération avec le pays d’origine est à développer en parallèle pour la préparation des enfants, pour prévenir les échecs et réussir l’intégration des enfants dans leur nouvelle famille et leur nouvelle culture.
L'aide au tissage des liens, une mission pour la COCA de Nancy
Authors: Body Lawson Festus T. , Dacqui Louise , Courrier Catherine , Schilling Marianne , Imbault-Floury Morgane , Borsa-Dorion Anne , Sibertin-Blanc Daniel
Published: October 2013

Le travail de la consultation d’orientation et de conseil à l’adoption (coca) de l’hôpital d’enfants de Nancy propose l’accompagnement des enfants adoptés et de leur famille de façon multidisciplinaire. Au côté de la dimension sociale, éducative et pédagogique, il est nécessaire, pour les cliniciens, de construire un cadre médical et psychologique qui soit thérapeutique et fiable. Après une évaluation psychologique et pédopsychiatrique, les consultations se structurent, selon la situation, sous la forme d’entretiens thérapeutiques individuels, de soutiens à la construction du lien parents/enfants et de la participation au groupe de parole, véritable médiation thérapeutique, destiné aux parents adoptifs après l’arrivée de l’enfant. Nous insistons sur l’épreuve de l’adolescence, après avoir fait le constat au fil du temps que notre dispositif original d’accompagnement des parents par le groupe de parole est devenu un véritable soubassement dans l’édifice psychothérapeutique.
La quête des origines acte administratif ou acte narratif ?
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: October 2013

Après avoir rappelé ce qu’il en est du concept de « quête des origines » qui va bien au-delà de la simple recherche des origines biologiques ou génétiques du sujet, ce travail précise les différentes racines épistémologiques du concept de narrativité qui convergent, aujourd’hui, dans la manière dont ce concept est utilisé dans le cadre des travaux sur le développement du jeune enfant. La narrativité se coconstruit au sein des interactions précoces de l’enfant avec les adultes qui en prennent soin. À la lumière de ces différentes données, l’article se conclut sur le risque de dérive dont est porteur le Conseil national pour l’accès aux origines personnelles ( cnaop ) si la recherche des origines devient un acte plus administratif que narratif.
« Peau d'âne » ou l'impossible vêture à l'adolescence
Authors: Joubert Catherine
Published: October 2013

Le vêtement à l’adolescence acquiert un rôle particulier dans la construction de l’identité du fait de l’avènement de la puberté corporelle : il permet à l’adolescent d’apprivoiser un corps qui se sexualise, de retrouver une maîtrise sur son apparence, partie prenante du sentiment d’identité à cet âge-là. Limite contenant du corps en pleine expansion, le vêtement oscille entre un rôle d’extincteur de la pulsion et de mise en avant des identifications sur un mode plus ou moins ludique ou performatif. L’histoire de « Peau d’âne » fonctionne comme un paradigme de la fonction du vêtement à l’adolescence.
Un cmp à l'école des parents
Authors: Lejart Valérie , Grulois David , Guetta Johanna
Published: October 2013

Que demandent ceux qui consultent au cmp de l’école des parents ? Si des solutions immédiates aux difficultés rencontrées sont souvent attendues par les parents, c’est fréquemment une expérience de guidance parentale qui est proposée, et ce sont surtout des changements intérieurs que nous cherchons à accompagner. Le désir des adolescents est d’être entendus dans les franchissements délicats qui signent le passage de l’enfant à l’adulte. À travers des vignettes cliniques, nous tenterons de rendre compte de notre pratique et de nos questionnements. L’école des parents apparaît comme une école qui dit et redit la responsabilité des parents d’initier leur enfant à une vie pleinement humaine.
Millennium Development Goals
Authors: Devasagayam P. Raj , Stark Nicholas R. , David Nitin
Published: October 2013

This chapter introduces the business audience to Millennium Development Goals (MDG) proposed by the United Nations in 2000 that were accepted as policy markers by nations on all continents. Current status of achievements in the MDG is summarized to draw attention to the current needs in each of the eight MDGs. Further, the theory of creative capitalism is used to draw connections between MDG and business strategies. It is suggested that businesses are in a unique position to help achieve the MDG while strengthening their market base and behaving in a socially responsible and responsive manner. The research concludes by providing a possible roadmap for achieving the MDG by the target year 2015 based on a mutually beneficial alliance between the corporate sector and the state. The study will be of interest to scholars, educators, public policy makers, and business professionals.
Dynamics of Competitive Sustainable Advantage
Authors: Rattalino Francesco
Published: October 2013

The emergence of sustainability as a common denominator of today’s way of doing business is undisputable. Yet, most companies see corporate social responsibility as an annoyance, involving regulations and extra cost, therefore missing the intrinsic complexity and interdependencies between shareholder value and sustainable value. This chapter explores ways in which corporations can pursue economic, social, and environmental objectives simultaneously while creating shared values. True sustainability, as in the case of Patagonia Inc., is a great source of competitive advantage for the company, since it can increase employee satisfaction, decrease its carbon footprint, and maintain good business practices while reaping the benefits continued revenue and profit growth.
Cybersecurity
Authors: Canongia Claudia , Mandarino Raphael
Published: October 2013

This chapter introduces the theme of cybersecurity, its importance in the actual scenario, and the challenges of the new Information Society, whose critical development factors are the technological revolution and innovation. The revolution that the information and communications technologies (ICTs) has already brought to modern society is, without doubt, more than visible and concrete, but the great challenge facing us is to harmonize two dimensions, the first relating to the culture of sharing, socialization, and transparency, and the second relating to the issues of security, confidentiality, and privacy. It gives a broad overview in tabular form of the national cybersecurity strategies of the developed countries, United States and United Kingdom, as well as describing a study case, Brazil, is taking its first steps on the path towards cybersecurity. The chapter ends by proposing a model, the key elements for formulating a Brazilian cybersecurity strategy.
Engineering Secure Web Services
Authors: Rodrigues Douglas , Estrella Julio Cezar , Monaco Francisco José , Branco Kalinka Regina Lucas Jaquie Castelo , Antunes Nuno , Vieira Marco
Published: October 2013

Web services are key components in the implementation of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA), which must satisfy proper security requirements in order to be able to support critical business processes. Research works show that a large number of web services are deployed with significant security flaws, ranging from code vulnerabilities to the incorrect use of security standards and protocols. This chapter discusses state of the art techniques and tools for the deployment of secure web services, including standards and protocols for the deployment of secure services, and security assessment approaches. The chapter also discusses how relevant security aspects can be correlated into practical engineering approaches.
Fortifying Large Scale, Geospatial Networks
Authors: Murray Alan T. , Grubesic Tony H.
Published: October 2013

Large scale, geospatial networks—such as the Internet, the interstate highway system, gas pipelines, and the electrical grid—are integral parts of modern society, facilitating the capability to communicate, transport goods and services between locations, and connect homes and businesses to basic necessities like water and electricity. The associated management and protection of this critical infrastructure is a challenging task because it is often compromised or damaged by natural disasters, human error, or sabotage. Further, the cascading effects associated with disruptions can impact related interdependent infrastructure, such as supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA). In this context, although the protection and/or hardening of network elements can reduce disruptive impacts, the cost to protect all equipment in the system is prohibitive. The purpose of this chapter is to detail an optimization approach for selecting elements on a network to be protected, under budget constraints, in order to maximize system performance if one or more components are damaged or destroyed. Applications results for a large scale, geospatial network are explored and presented, illustrating problem complexities as well as the potential for informed strategic investment decision making. The implications for SCADA systems relying on large scale geospatial networks, including the public Internet, are also discussed.
Relief Distribution Networks
Authors: Ichoua Soumia
Published: October 2013

Logistics area is often recognized as one of the key elements in achieving effective disaster preparedness and response efforts. This chapter presents modeling and solution approaches for both the problem of prepositioning emergency supplies prior to a disaster as well as the problem of their distribution after the disaster onset. Depending on whether uncertainty is taken into account or not, work in these areas will be classified into two major categories: stochastic or deterministic. A distinction will also be made between exact methods and heuristics. In addition, the advantages and limitations of each of these two classes of approaches will be discussed. Am emphasis will be put on the particularities and characteristics of relief distribution networks. More advanced issues in the design and operations of these networks will also be discussed as interesting research avenues.
Multilingual Crisis Knowledge Representation
Authors: Segev Aviv
Published: October 2013

In a crisis, the problem of the lack of a shared platform or similar communication methods among the collaborators usually arises within a few hours. While a crisis requires rapid response of emergency management factors, ontology is generally represented in a static manner. Therefore, an adaptive ontology for crisis knowledge representation is needed to assist in coordinating relief efforts in different crisis situations. This chapter describes a method of ontology modeling that modifies the ontology in real time during a crisis according to the crisis surroundings. The method is based on modeling a basic predefined multilingual ontology while allowing the expansion of the ontology according to the crisis circumstances and the addition of other languages within the crisis time limitations. An example of ontology use based on a sample Katrina crisis blog is presented. Motivation for multilingual ontology use is supplied by the Boxing Day tsunami crisis.
The Socio-Ethical Considerations Surrounding Government Mandated Location-Based Services during Emergencies
Authors: Aloudat Anas , Michael Katina
Published: October 2013

The adoption of mobile technologies for emergency management has the capacity to save lives. In Australia in February 2009, the Victorian bushfires claimed 173 lives, the worst peace-time disaster in the nation’s history. The Australian government responded swiftly to the tragedy by going to tender for mobile applications that could be used during emergencies, such as mobile alerts and location services. These applications have the ability to deliver personalized information direct to the citizen during crises, complementing traditional broadcasting mediums like television and radio. Indeed governments have a responsibility to their citizens to safeguard them against both natural and human-made hazards, and today, national security has grown to encapsulate such societal and economic securitization. However, some citizens and lobby groups have emphasized that such breakthrough technologies need to be deployed with caution as they are fraught with ethical considerations, including the potential for breaches in privacy, security, and trust.
Eliciting Local Spatial Knowledge for Community-Based Disaster Risk Management
Authors: Spanu Valentina , McCall Michael Keith
Published: October 2013

CyberTracker (CT) participatory field data collection software is used as an element of Participatory GIS for acquiring, geo-referencing, storing and transferring local spatial knowledge. It has been developed initially for animal tracking, ecological surveys and conservation management activities, but has extended into the social environment for health and welfare surveys, and it is being applied to social data collection about hazards, vulnerability and coping mechanisms in disaster risk management. This article provides a critical guide of CyberTracker under field conditions with representative participation. The practical experiences informing this critical review of field operations come from employing CyberTracker with staff of NGOs and local government agencies in a workshop in two hazard-prone communities in the Caucasus Mountains of Georgia.
Malware Protection on RFID-Enabled Supply Chain Management Systems in the EPCglobal Network
Authors: Yan Qiang , Li Yingjiu , Deng Robert H.
Published: October 2013

As RFID-enabled technology is becoming pervasive in enterprise systems and human life, it triggers significant concerns over the malware that can infect, damage, and even destroy RFID-enabled network systems. RFID malware can spread malicious codes or data quickly to a large number of RFID systems via RFID read and write, which are pervasive operations on RFID tags that are transported from one RFID system to another. To address this concern, this chapter uses RFID-enabled supply chain management systems in the EPCglobal network as a case study to demonstrate the important issues in RFID malware protection. This case study shows that although there are fundamental difficulties in preventing RFID malware from entering the systems, the behaviors of RFID malware resemble traditional malware after it enters the systems. Based on this characteristic, the security threats of RFID malware can be effectively controlled.
Social Media, New ICTs and the Challenges Facing the Zimbabwe Democratic Process
Authors: Mhiripiri Nhamo Anthony , Mutsvairo Bruce
Published: October 2013

Social media in its various forms drew international attention to Zimbabwe during the most intense period of the Zimbabwe crisis up to 2008. It is arguable that social media activism was contributory to the current dispensation of Government of National Unity between ZANU PF and the former opposition Movement for Democratic Change. Social media induced revolution and mass rejection of the status quo of the magnitude seen in the Arab Spring might be difficult to replicate in Zimbabwe. A similar revolution with different magnitude but critical results unfolds in Zimbabwe, especially since the disputed 2008 presidential elections and the mayhem that followed. The use of new communication technologies helped publicize extra-legal activities and human rights abuses often blamed on ZANU PF affiliated militia groups and the security forces. International attention has led to diplomatic intervention.
City Networks in Cyberspace and Time
Authors: Boulton Andrew , Devriendt Lomme , Brunn Stanley D. , Derudder Ben , Witlox Frank
Published: October 2013

Geographers and social scientists have long been interested in ranking and classifying the cities of the world. The cutting edge of this research is characterized by a recognition of the crucial importance of information and, specifically, ICTs to cities’ positions in the current Knowledge Economy. This chapter builds on recent “cyberspace” analyses of the global urban system by arguing for, and demonstrating empirically, the value of Web search engine data as a means of understanding cities as situated within, and constituted by, flows of digital information. To this end, the authors show how the Google search engine can be used to specify a dynamic, informational classification of North American cities based on both the production and the consumption of Web information about two prominent current issues global in scope: the global financial crisis, and global climate change.
School Districts Stumbled on Data Privacy
Authors: Chen Irene
Published: October 2013

The story describes how three school institutes are grappling with the loss of private information, each through a unique set of circumstances. Pasadena City Public Schools discovered that it had sold several computers containing the names and Social Security numbers of employees as surplus. Stephens Public Schools learned that personal information about students at one of its middle schools was lost when a bag containing a thumb drive was stolen. Also, Woodlands Public Schools accidentally exposed employee personal data on a public Web site for a short period of time. How should each of the institutes react?
Safety and Security in SCADA Systems Must be Improved through Resilience Based Risk Management
Authors: Johnsen Stig O.
Published: October 2013

This chapter describes vulnerabilities related to safety and security in distributed process control systems integrated with information and communication technology (ICT). The author describe key vulnerabilities and how to mitigate these vulnerabilities by current best practices, which have worked in an industrial setting in Norway. Distributed process control systems are denoted as SCADA systems, i.e. supervisory control and data acquisition systems. Increased networking and increased use of ICT impacts the complexity and vulnerability of the SCADA systems. To improve safety and security, there must be a focus on systematic knowledge generation between ICT and process experts and a focus on exploring resilience as a strategy to manage risks and support continuity of operations (resilience seen as the ability to bounce back and sustain operations). Best practices in risk management in this area are to establish policies, improve risk awareness, perform risk assessment in collaboration between ICT and SCADA professionals, focus on segregation of networks, focus on active protection against malicious software, improve reporting and sharing of incidents, and establish and explore disaster/recovery plans. In addition, there should be focus on certification and testing of components in ICT and SCADA systems and improvement of resilience to mitigate uncertainty and complexity.
Exercise24
Authors: Howe Austin W. , Jennex Murray E. , Bressler George H. , Frost Eric G.
Published: October 2013

Can populations self organize a crisis response? This is a field report on the first two efforts in a continuing series of exercises termed “Exercise24 or x24.” The first Exercise 24 focused on Southern California, while the second (24 Europe) focused on the Balkan area of Eastern Europe. These exercises attempted to demonstrate that self-organizing groups can form and respond to a crisis using low-cost social media and other emerging web technologies. Over 10,000 people participated in X24 while X24 Europe had over 49,000 participants. X24 involved people from 79 nations while X24 Europe officially included participants from at least 92 countries. Exercise24 was organized by a team of workers centered at the SDSU Viz Center including significant support from the US Navy as well as other military and Federal organizations. Dr. George Bressler, Adjunct Faculty member at the Viz Center led both efforts. Major efforts from senior professionals EUCOM and NORTHCOM contributed significantly to the preparation for and success of both X24 and especially X24 Europe. This paper presents lessons learned and other experiences gained through the coordination and performance of Exercise24.
Crisis Management in the Public Sector
Authors: Sigri Unsal
Published: October 2013

The practice and study of public administration has long included questions of efficiency and effectiveness in crisis management. There are some misunderstandings of the problems faced, like the recent global economic crisis from the public management perspective. These misunderstandings in the public sector may cause different perceptions of the crisis, which lead people and organizations to some misunderstandings and ineffective reactions of crisis management, which bring slower and ineffective results. In light of this rapidly changing environment, “new public management” requires quick, flexible, and adaptive decision making systems and structures. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the usage of “systems thinking” in “new public management” to provide a dynamic approach to crisis management. In that respect, a structural analysis of the global and local crisis and systems thinking modeling is discussed in the scope of crisis in the first section. In the second section, the relationship between new public management and systems thinking within crisis management in the public sector is studied. In the conclusion, the necessity of usage of the new tools and decision support systems by public management in crisis management is emphasized in light of the developments brought by New Public Management.
Improving Long-Term Financial Risk Forecasts using High-Frequency Data and Scaling Laws
Authors: Ng Wing Lon
Published: October 2013

This chapter uses the abundance of high frequency data to estimate scaling law models and then apply appropriately scaled measures to provide long-term market risk forecasts. The objective is to analyse extreme price movements from tick-by-tick real-time data to trace the footprints of traders that eventually form the overall movement of market prices (price coastline) and potential bubbles. The framework is applied to empirical limit order book data from the London Stock Exchange. The sample period ranges from June 2007 to June 2008 and covers the start of the subprime crisis that later escalated into the economic crisis. After extracting the scaling exponent and checking its robustness with bootstrap simulations, the authors investigate longer term price movements in more detail, making use of the scale invariance property of the scaling law. In particular, they provide financial risk forecasts for a testing period and compare these with the popular Value-at-Risk and expected tail loss measures, showing the outperformance of the scaling law approach. Finally, a set of simulations are run to explore which scaling exponent is more likely to trigger market turbulence.
Performance Metrics and Models for Continuous Authentication Systems
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed A.E. , Traoré Issa
Published: October 2013

Continuous Authentication (CA) systems represent a new class of security systems that are increasingly the focus of much attention in the research literature. CA departs from the traditional (static) authentication scheme by repeating several times the authentication process dynamically throughout the entire login session; the main objectives are to detect session hijacking and ensure session security. As the technology gains in maturity and becomes more diverse, it is essential to develop common and meaningful evaluation metrics that can be used to compare and contrast between existing and future schemes. So far, all the CA systems proposed in the literature were by default evaluated using the same accuracy metrics used for static authentication systems. As an alternative, we discuss in this chapter dynamic accuracy metrics that better capture the continuous nature of CA activity. Furthermore, we introduce and study diverse and more complex forms of the Time-To-Authenticate (TTA) metrics corresponding to the authentication delay. We study and illustrate empirically the proposed metrics and models using a combination of real and synthetic data samples.
Cyber Defense Competitions as Learning Tools
Authors: Rursch Julie A. , Jacobson Doug
Published: October 2013

In a cyber defense competition, students design, configure, and maintain a set of servers and a network in a secure manner. The students' goal during the competition is to prevent security breaches and to remediate any exploits that occur while maintaining a fully functional network for their end users. Cyber defense competitions provide active student learning, mimic real-world situations, and provide engagement with computer and network security topics. To date, Iowa State University has hosted 18 cyber defense competitions across four divisions: high school students, community college students, ISU students, and four-year university students from across the nation. This chapter provides a brief history of cyber defense competitions, as well as describes how they are run. The authors also address the needs of different audiences who participate in cyber defense competitions and show that beyond building and strengthening computer and network security skills, cyber defense competitions can be used for recruitment, retention, advanced training, and experimentation for students.
Application of Information Technology in Disaster and Emergency Management
Authors: Subedi Jishnu
Published: October 2013

This paper discusses application of information technology in disaster risk management and reducing impact of disasters in the community. Internet and mobile-cellular phone are the two ultimate manifestations, so far, of information technology. The number of subscription of mobile-cellular phone per 100 inhabitants increased from just below 23 to nearly 85 in the span of 8 years from 2005-12. Although the number jumped from 82 to 124 in the same period in the developed world, the increase in the rest of the world is also phenomenal. Increase in numbers individuals using internet has been, however, lower in developing world which increased from just below 8 users to about 28 users per 100 inhabitants in the duration of 2005-12. Use of internet in mobile phone is now merging to such an extent that access to mobile phone may ultimately mean access to internet in the future. Despite of the advancement, sophistication and widespread proliferation of the technology, its application in disaster risk management has not still been fully capitalized. One of the reasons for this is that information available doesn't necessarily mean reception of the information by the person in need and translation of the information to action that can reduce impact of disaster. Further groundwork is necessary for translating information into action and the next meet of stakeholders in 2015 in Japan to chart future direction of global effort in disaster risk reduction should focus on utilizing full potential of information technology for disaster risk management.
Trust Enforcing and Trust Building, Different Technologies and Visions
Authors: Tomaiuolo Michele
Published: October 2013

Concern about vulnerabilities of IT systems is growing together with attention to risks of intrusive cyber-control over personal activities and data. This article discusses some new technologies that are being integrated into computing devices for realizing so-called Trusted Computing and Digital Rights Management systems, which can remotely attest their current hardware/software state and can enforce external policies to access protected content. These technologies are then confronted with distributed Trust Management systems, which realize access control for local resources on the basis of delegation of access rights according to local trust decisions. Both technologies are discussed from various points of view: architecture, vision, ethics, politics and law.
Research on the Grinding Force of the Basin-Like Grinding Wheel in Grinding Elliptical Grooves of Outer Race
Authors: Li Xiao Xue , Wang Jun Ming , Sun Yu Qin , Gao Zhen Gang
Published: October 2013

In order to calculate the grinding force of the basin-like grinding wheel in grinding outer race elliptical grooves, the thesis simplifies the grinding process as follow: the evenly distributed abrasive grains move around grinding wheel axis along an imaginary ellipse at high speed, while the imaginary ellipse moves along the trace deflected from the grinding wheel axis simultaneously. The analysis of grinding force in CVJ outer race elliptical groove grinding with basin-like grinding wheel reveals that, the grinding force will be decreased, if wheel velocity increased and feed velocity decreased. On the other hand, with the decrease of inter-grain spacing, the grinding force of basin-like grinding wheel will be increased, but the grinding force of abrasive grit will be decreased.
The Application Research on the Data Protection of the Typical CNC Machine
Authors: Wu Qiu Jun , Wang Jian Jun
Published: October 2013

The system configuration of CNC machine has nearly a thousand parameters to be set. These parameters are set correctly or not directly affect the use of CNC machine tools and their performance. It has been proved that the parameter setting about the CNC machine can bring much convenience to deal with troubleshooting and maintenance of CNC machine, reduce troubleshooting time and improve machine utilization. But for some parameters such as pitch compensation, position of reference points, these parameters settings are not in the same way in different machine. If parts of these parameters or all of these are lost, its unable to restore the precision of the CNC machine. It will bring great losses to the manufacturing enterprise. So the data of protection is particularly critical. This paper describes the function and principle about the machine data protection, and presents the method and step of data backup and recovery for the CNC machine with the typical CNC system, such as FANUC, Siemens and Huazhong CNC system.
Systematic Evaluation of Influence of Process Parameters on Surface Texture in Flank Milling
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wan Xiao Jin
Published: October 2013

Machined surface texture is a very critical factor since it directly affects the surface quality and part mechanical behavior. In modern manufacturing system, it is necessary to develop systematic models, which can represent a realistic picture how the machined surface is produced during milling process. In this paper, a general geometric kinematic model is presented to build kinematic relationship between the arbitrary point of the cutter flute and the arbitrary point of the machining surface. And then, a nonlinear programming problem is constructed to calculate a scallop height along a normal direction of an arbitrary point on nominal part surface, three dimension profiles can also be simulated, a case is utilized to validate the feasibility of the proposed model.
Research and Implementation of Blade Tip Timing Vibration Monitoring Method Based on Fiber Bragg Magnetic Coupling Sensors
Authors: Wu Fei , Chen Xiang Po , Wang Jian , Li Rui Tao
Published: October 2013

Fiber Bragg grating sensor is a kind of optical fiber sensor, the sensing process based on fiber grating is through the external physical parameters on fiber Bragg wavelength modulation to obtain sensing information. It is a kind of wavelength modulation type optical fiber sensor. Fiber Bragg grating sensor can realize the direct measurement of temperature, strain and other physical quantities. This paper have the research and analysis on blade tip of mine by using fiber Bragg magnetic coupling sensor, in order to realize long distance and non-contact real-time safety monitoring of blade vibration. The paper first describes the theoretical method of the detection of blade tip timing vibration, then does the dynamic characteristic test. By means of the compare between normal and damaged blade, the method is proved feasible.
Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Space Manipulator Considering the Flexible of Joint and Link
Authors: Dong Pan , Yang Zhao , Yue Zhang , Cheng Wei , Wei E
Published: October 2013

The long length, light weight, low frequency, flexible joint and link of large space manipulators impact dynamic stability and position accuracy seriously. In this paper, dynamical model of space flexible manipulators system is build base on Lagrange method. With three DOF manipulators as the research object, the impact of flexible link, joint stiffness and clearance on the system frequency and end position accuracy of manipulator is simulated and analyzed. The results indicate that the flexible joint lead to low frequency vibration and flexible link lead to high frequency vibration. Low frequency vibration is the dominant impact of end position accuracy, Flexible joint have greater impact on the dynamic characteristics of system than that of flexible link.
Research on Torsional Vibration Analysis of Herringbone Gear Pairs without Groove
Authors: Ren Fei , Qin Da Tong , Wu Xiao Ling
Published: October 2013

A torsional dynamic model of a pair of herringbone gear was presented by using a lumped-mass method, in which the meshing integrated error and time-varying meshing stiffness of the herringbone gear pair were taken into account at the same time. A Rugge-Kutta method was used to solve the dynamic differential equations of the system and the dynamic characteristics of the herringbone gear pair under the action of the external torque and internal excitations were obtained. The study provides a theoretical basis with the future other complex multistage herringbone gear drive system dynamics.
Speed Control of Linear Feed System Based on Feedforward and Pole Placement
Authors: Shen Ya Bin , Huang Jia Cai , Lin Jian
Published: October 2013

Permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PMLSM) is a multi-variable, strong coupling, nonlinear complex system. As a result, the design of an appropriate controller on dynamic performance of PMLSM is very important. In this paper, a feedforward controller based on pole-placement design strategy is proposed to improve the dynamic performance by increasing the speed response while reducing steady state errors. The parameters which influence the dynamic characteristic of the system were discussed. The dynamic response and disturbance rejection ability for linear feed system were verified by the experiments. Finally the control performance of pole-placement and PID was compared.
Powder Particle Cutting Method and Tool Design
Authors: Qiu Li Jun , Xu Su Ying
Published: October 2013

The powder particles with a flat-screen multi-tooth cutter blade design. This tool structure is used to glue particles fell legitimate work . Processing tool blade tines arranged in a staggered structure . The tool is a gap in the working conditions . Install the tool in the tool axis rotation is strip knives.Friction surface of the tool can be used strip surface design class . Rotating shaft mounted knives role is to bring people powder particles processing zones . After extrusion and promote the formation of frustration legitimate work . Friction surface knives biggest advantage is the use of a long time. Fixed on a movable carriage mounted flat-screen multi-tooth cutter blade . Fixedly mounted on a movable tool holder . Cutter with carbide knife block . Knives replaceable assembly structure can be used . Mobile holder for the tool replacement and gap adjustment .