bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hierarchically Designed Super‐Elastic Metafabric for Thermal‐Wet Comfortable and Antibacterial Epidermal Electrode
Authors: Dong Jiancheng , Peng Yidong , Nie Xiaolin , Li Le , Zhang Chao , Lai Feili , He Guanjie , Ma Piming , Wei Qufu , Huang Yunpeng , Liu Tianxi
Published: October 2022

On‐skin electronic systems represent a burgeoning technology that develops wearable devices capable of adapting to the dynamic surfaces of the human body. Present film‐based electronics are constrained to single‐layered constructions on impermeable substrates that severely inhibit their wearing comfort and multi‐functionality. Herein, a thermal‐wet comfortable and antibacterial epidermal electrode is hierarchically designed on an ultra‐stretchable metafabric. Via the layer‐by‐layer assembly of trilayered elastomeric fibers with multi‐scale sizes and varied compositions, porosity and wettability asymmetries are established across the nonwoven fabric, rendering it with unidirectional liquid conduction and sweat self‐pumping performance. The successful printing of stretchable liquid‐metal (EGaIn) circuits on ZnO NPs anchored microfibers simultaneously equips the trilayered metafabric with robust antibacterial capability, low‐watt heating ability, and high‐fidelity detectability for surface electromyography signals of various physical activities. Moreover, the incorporation of thermochromic microcapsules in the outmost fibers also enables the fabric Joule heater with visual indicating ability via reversible color‐switching. Thus, this hierarchically engineered epidermal electrode with thermal‐wet comfort and antibacterial ability holds great promise in daily applicable healthcare and sports monitoring electronics.
Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator Performance Based on Mechanical Imprinting PDMS Microstructures
Authors: Zhou Hui , Wang Xiutong , Wang Youqiang , Nan Youbo , Xu Hui , Wu Yan , Niu Jianmin , Duan Jizhou , Huang Yanliang , Hou Baorong
Published: October 2022

A vertical contact‐separated mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is fabricated by imprinting the nylon mesh to obtain the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film with micro‐nano structure, and it is used to provide electric energy for the impressed current cathodic protection. The output of PDMS film obtained by 200 mesh nylon mesh imprinting is significantly improved, with an open circuit potential of 1120 V and a charge transfer of 63 nC, which is about twice that of a smooth PDMS film. It also performs well for cathodic protection, and electrochemical test results show that the open circuit potential of the protected metal in artificial seawater can decrease by 275 mV. Experiments show that the output of TENG can make calculators, flame alarms, and other electronic equipment work normally after being stored by capacitors. In addition, this work has the advantages of having simple operation, low equipment demands, and low cost.
Ultrathin Poly(Ionic Liquid) Nanomembranes for High Performance Mg2+/Li+ Separation
Authors: Ni Yunxia , Peng Huawen , Zhao Qiang
Published: October 2022

The fragility and brittleness of glassy poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) hinders the processing of ultrathin PILs membranes. This work is reported the interfacial polymerization of PILs, which enables the first preparation of defect‐free PIL nanomembranes for high flux separation of lithium (Li+, 3.8 Å) and magnesium (Mg2+, 4.3 Å) ions mixture. Aqueous solution of an amine‐functionalized PIL is brought in contact with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) hexane solution. The “amine ≈ acyl chloride” condensation reaction occurs at the “water ≈ hexane” interface to form ≈50 nm thin PILNH2‐TMC nanomembranes consisting of water‐stable nanoaggregates (≈20 nm in size). Water permeance of the PIL nanomembrane is 3 times as high as the state‐of‐the‐art polyamide nanofiltration membranes, while its MgCl2 rejection is as high as 95%. Both the structures and separation performance of PIL nanomembranes are stable versus operation time and pressure. This work opens a new avenue to process fragile PILs, such as into functional nanomembranes for ion separation.
A Predictive Oxygen Durability Model to Analyze Oxygen Consumption of Insulin Producing Cells Encapsulated Within a Highly Oxygenated Hydrogel
Authors: Domingo‐Lopez Daniel A. , Levey Ruth E. , Brennan Benjamin , Carroll Oliver , Gale Sarah E. , Millman Jeffrey R. , McDonough Liam , Kelly Helena M. , Ronan William , Duffy Garry P.
Published: October 2022

Cell transplantation aims to regenerate damaged tissues and cure currently incurable diseases, such as Type 1 diabetes. Post‐transplantation cell survival is highly limited by the lack of suitable support matrix (anoikis) and insufficient oxygen supply (hypoxia), which is aggravated when using macroencapsulation devices. Graft failure can be overcome by encapsulation in extracellular matrix (ECM)‐based hydrogels with high oxygen capacity. Estimation of the oxygen durability in these systems is critical for the design of hydrogel loaded macroencapsulation devices aimed to increase graft survival. In this study, a novel hyaluronic acid/perfluorocarbon biomaterial (Oxygel) is formulated, oxygenated, and characterized. Oxygel exhibits shear thinning and self‐healing properties while it can carry high oxygen payloads and slowly release them for 90 h, exhibiting a 14.5 times smaller oxygen diffusivity than PBS. In parallel, a model able to predict the oxygen durability within Oxygel upon cell encapsulation is developed and experimentally validated in vitro. Correlations between model estimations and experimental results are found, demonstrating the validity of the model to analyze oxygen durability. The application of this mathematical model to oxygenated cell scaffolds (such as Oxygel) holds great promise to improve cell transplantation success.
Birefringence in the Polarized Raman Scattering of Biaxial van der Waals α‐MoO3
Authors: Zhao Yanyu , Gong Youning , Zhu Jiaqi , Li Delong , Mao Hu , Bao Qiaoliang , Zhang Yupeng , Wang Guo Ping
Published: October 2022

The effect of birefringence in anisotropic materials has been a long‐term issue for polarized Raman scattering. In this work, the polarization‐dependent Raman scattering in anisotropically birefringent materials is modeled with birefringence considered in the fundamental polarization selection rule. The birefringence‐induced polarization transformation is treated as a tensor in the calculation of Raman scattering intensity. The validity of this theory is further demonstrated in experiments by taking angle‐resolved polarized Raman measurements on the basal and cross planes of α‐MoO3—a typical biaxial van der Waals crystal with strong in‐plane and out‐of‐plane anisotropy. The anomalous angular dependency of polarized Raman scattering intensity can be well reproduced by the modified theoretical model with fitted real‐valued Raman tensors and birefringence‐related parameters. It can be concluded that this work can provide a valuable reference and guidance for quantitative analyses of anisotropic materials by using polarization‐resolved Raman scattering spectroscopy.
Pressure Engineering Promising Transparent Oxides with Large Conductivity Enhancement and Strong Thermal Stability
Authors: Liu Xuqiang , Li Mingtao , Zhang Qian , Wang Yiming , Li Nana , Peng Shang , Yin Tao , Guo Songhao , Liu Ye , Yan Limin , Zhang Dongzhou , Kim Jaeyong , Liu Gang , Wang Yandong , Yang Wenge
Published: October 2022

Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) with high electrical conductivity and high visible light transparency are desired for a wide range of high‐impact engineering. Yet, usually, a compromise must be made between conductivity and transparency, limiting the practical application of a TCO to the next level. Furthermore, TCO performance is highly sensitive to composition, so conventional synthesis methods, such as chemical doping, cannot unravel the mysteries of the quantitative structure–performance relationship. Thus, improving the fundamental understanding or creating materials‐by‐design has limited success. Here, a strategy is proposed to modulate the lattice and electronic and optical properties precisely by applying pressure on a TCO. Strikingly, after compression–decompression treatment on the indium titanium oxides (ITiO), a highly transparent and metastable phase with two orders of magnitude enhancement in conductivity is synthesized from an irreversible phase transition. Moreover, this phase possesses previously unattainable filter efficiency on hazardous blue light up to 600 °C, providing potential for healthcare‐related applications with strong thermal stability up to 200 °C. These results demonstrate that pressure engineering is a clean and effective tool for tailoring functional materials that are not achievable by other means, providing an exciting alternative property‐tuning dimension in materials science.
Recyclable Endogenous H2S Activation of Self‐Assembled Nanoprobe with Controllable Biodegradation for Synergistically Enhanced Colon Cancer‐Specific Therapy
Authors: Huang Junqing , Deng Zhiming , Bi Shenghui , Wen Xingwang , Zeng Songjun
Published: October 2022

Excessive production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a crucial role in the progress of colon cancer. Construction of tumor‐specific H2S‐activated smart nanoplatform with controllable biodegradation is of great significance for precise and sustainable treatment of colon cancer. Herein, an endogenous H2S triggered Co‐doped polyoxometalate (POM‐Co) cluster with self‐adjustable size, controlled biodegradation, and sustainable cyclic depletion of H2S/glutathione (GSH) is designed for synergistic enhanced tumor‐specific photothermal and chemodynamic therapy. The designed POM‐Co nanocluster holds H2S responsive “turn‐on” photothermal property in colon cancer via self‐assembling to form large‐sized POM‐CoS, enhancing the accumulation at tumor sites. Furthermore, the formed POM‐CoS can gradually biodegrade, resulting in release of Co2+ and Mo6+ for Co(II)‐catalyzed •OH production and Russell mechanism‐enabled 1O2 generation with GSH consumption, respectively. More importantly, the degraded POM‐CoS is reactivated by endogenous H2S for recyclable and sustainable consumption of H2S and GSH, resulting in tumor‐specific photothermal/chemodynamic continuous therapy. Therefore, this study provides an opportunity of designing tumor microenvironment‐driven nanoprobes with controllable biodegradation for precise and sustainable anti‐tumor therapy.
Human milk lactoferrin variation in relation to maternal inflammation and iron deficiency in northern Kenya
Authors: Fujita Masako , Wander Katherine , Paredes Ruvalcaba Nerli , Odo Amelia Ngozi
Published: October 2022

Background

Milk lactoferrin is a multi‐functional, iron‐binding glycoprotein with immunomodulatory effects, protecting infants against infectious diseases.

Aims

This study explored how maternal inflammation/infection and iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA) might influence human milk lactoferrin. Lactoferrin might be elevated with maternal inflammation resulting from infectious disease processes. Conversely, lactoferrin might decrease with IDA, corresponding to scarce maternal iron for transfer in milk. In these two hypothesized scenarios, the degree of lactoferrin elevation or decrease might vary with infant vulnerability to infectious diseases or malnutrition. Alternatively, lactoferrin might be unassociated with inflammation/infection or IDA if mothers could buffer it against these conditions.

Materials & Methods

We used cross‐sectional data from Ariaal mothers of northern Kenya (n = 200) to evaluate associations between milk lactoferrin and maternal inflammation/infection, IDA, infant age/sex, and the mother‐infant variable interactions in multivariate regression models.

Results

Maternal inflammation was associated with higher lactoferrin for younger infants (<~5 months of age) but with lower lactoferrin for older infants. Maternal IDA was unassociated with lactoferrin alone or in interaction with infant variables.

Discussion & Conclusion

Results suggest that mothers of vulnerable young infants deliver more lactoferrin when they have inflammation/infection but mothers with older infants do not, and that maternal delivery of lactoferrin is unaffected by their IDA. Longitudinal research should verify these findings.
Airway management in the pediatric emergency department in Japan: A multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Hagiwara Yusuke , Goto Tadahiro , Ohnishi Shima , Miyamoto Daisuke , Ikeyama Yuki , Matsunami Kunihiro , Hasegawa Kohei ,   the Japanese Emergency Medicine Network Investigators
Published: October 2022

Aim

Tracheal intubation is a vital resuscitation procedure in the pediatric emergency department (ED). Despite its importance, little is known about the current status of emergency airway management in Japan. In this context, we aimed to investigate the airway management characteristics—particularly the location, patient, and provider factors—in the pediatric ED.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter, prospective study of five pediatric EDs in Japan from October 2018 to June 2020. The study included all children (aged ≤18 years) who underwent intubation at the pre‐ED or ED setting by physicians and those who were transferred from the ED to the operation room (OR) or pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for intubation. We described the airway management characteristics according to the location, patient, and provider factors.

Results

Of 231 children, 9 (4%) were transferred to the OR or PICU for airway management. Among the remaining 222 children, 45 were intubated at the pre‐ED setting and 177 were intubated in the ED. The overall first‐attempt success rate was 72%, with the rate varying by location, patient, and provider factors—for example, 68% at the pre‐ED setting, 67% for children <2 years, 56% for children with airway‐related anatomical anomalies, and 61% with intubation by a resident physician. Intubation‐related adverse events were observed in 17%, most of which were hypoxemia (14%).

Conclusions

Based on data from a multicenter prospective study, the overall first‐attempt intubation success rate in pediatric EDs in Japan was 72%, with large variations by location, patient, and provider factors.
Enhanced photocatalytic conversion of organic dyes using CeCoO3/MoS2 heterojunction as a highly effective visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst
Authors: Ghobadifard Mahdieh , Feizi Gelareh , Mohebbi Sajjad
Published: October 2022

The CeCoO3/MoS2 heterojunction was successfully prepared through the hydrothermal method. The synthesized heterojunction structure was characterized by various techniques and applied to the conversion of methylene blue (MB) under irradiation of visible light. To characterize the new heterojunction structure, Fourier transformed infrared (FT‐IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were used. The FE‐SEM images illustrated the successful deposition of MoS2 flower‐like on the surface of CeCoO3 perovskite with 46 nm as an average size. The influence of the amount of catalyst, temperature, pH, and electron acceptor were investigated. By CeCoO3/MoS2 heterostructures photocatalyst, the conversion rate of MB reached 98% within 20 min, whereas by CeCoO3 perovskite no significant conversion was observed in MB. The higher photocatalytic performance of CeCoO3/MoS2 heterostructures is assigned to their lower charge recombination compared to CeCoO3 perovskite. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism and recycling experiments of CeCoO3/MoS2 heterostructures are discussed in detail. The CeCoO3/MoS2 heterostructures are thus promising photocatalysts for the cleanup of polluted water.
Role of molecular architecture and temperature on extrusion melt flow instabilities of two industrial LLDPE and LDPE polyethylenes investigated by capillary rheology, high‐pressure sensitivity slit die and optical analysis
Authors: Georgantopoulos Christos K. , Esfahani Masood K. , Naue Ingo F. C. , Wilhelm Manfred , Kádár Roland
Published: October 2022

The characteristic time periodicity and the spatial characteristic wavelength of extrusion flow instabilities of a linear and a branched commercial polyethylene (PE) are characterized via capillary rheology, optical analysis and modeled. The two investigated polyethylenes have the similar weight average molecular weight (Mw). The characteristic time periodicity is obtained and compared using three methods: (i) a highly sensitive pressure slit die, (ii) a new online optical analysis method based on the construction of a space–time diagrams, and (iii) an offline transmission polarization microscopy. In addition, the spatial characteristic wavelength λ is quantified by offline transmission polarization microscopy. The characteristic time periodicity of the extrusion flow instabilities follows a power law behavior as a function of apparent shear rate to a power of −0.7 for both materials,. A qualitative model is used to predict the spatial characteristic wavelength of extrusion flow instabilities as well. It is found that the characteristic spatial wavelength λ and the characteristic time periodicity have an Arrhenius temperature‐dependent behavior.
Ganzheitliche Simulation von Turmabbrüchen
Authors: Giesa Tristan , Shirafkan Nima , Nietznik Martin , Rost Markus
Published: October 2022

Bei dem kollabierenden Abbruch von turmartigen Bauwerken wie Schornsteinen, Kühltürmen oder Fernmeldetürmen abseits der „grünen Wiese“, also im Baubestand, sind für das Umfeld kritische temporäre Bauzustände zu untersuchen, die sich mit einer normgerechten Analyse nicht im Detail abbilden lassen. Zur fachgerechten, sicheren und kosteneffizienten Planung und Durchführung solcher Abbrüche ist es erforderlich, diese Zustände zu identifizieren, um u. a. auch Risiken abschätzen zu können. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Serie von modernen numerischen Methoden vorgestellt, mit der Abbruchzustände an diesen Bauwerken ganzheitlich beschrieben werden können: von der nichtlinearen Abbruchstatik über die Einsturzsimulation mit Finiten Elementen und diskreten Partikeln bis zur Schwingungssimulation. Hierbei liegt die Innovation in der Verknüpfung der Methoden zur Erlangung einer zuverlässigen Erschütterungsprognose für Abbruchprojekte. Damit können Schäden an der Infrastruktur vermieden und ein wirtschaftlicher Abbruch durch kontrollierten Kollaps oder Sprengung ermöglicht werden. An zwei konkreten Praxisbeispielen, einer Schornsteinsprengung und einem Kühlturmabbruch per kontrolliertem Kollaps, werden die Funktion und Interaktion der Simulationen erläutert.
Controlling contacts—Molecular mechanisms to regulate organelle membrane tethering
Authors: Kors Suzan , Kurian Smija M. , Costello Joseph L. , Schrader Michael
Published: October 2022

In recent years, membrane contact sites (MCS), which mediate interactions between virtually all subcellular organelles, have been extensively characterized and shown to be essential for intracellular communication. In this review essay, we focus on an emerging topic: the regulation of MCS. Focusing on the tether proteins themselves, we discuss some of the known mechanisms which can control organelle tethering events and identify apparent common regulatory hubs, such as the VAP interface at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We also highlight several currently hypothetical concepts, including the idea of tether oligomerization and redox regulation playing a role in MCS formation. We identify gaps in our current understanding, such as the identity of the majority of kinases/phosphatases involved in tether modification and conclude that a holistic approach—incorporating the formation of multiple MCS, regulated by interconnected regulatory modulators—may be required to fully appreciate the true complexity of these fascinating intracellular communication systems.
Three sublayers in the SMAS: Observations of facial soft tissue using the stretched tissue dissection method focusing on the SMAS
Authors: Watanabe Koichi , Han Aya , Inoue Eiko , Iwanaga Joe , Kikuchi Keijiro , Haikata Yuto , Nooma Kunimitsu , Harano Tatsuya , Tabira Yoko , Saga Tsuyoshi
Published: October 2022

The characteristics of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), including the morphology of each part and the connection between tissues, remain controversial. The purpose of this study is to clarify the anatomy of the SMAS using our new dissection method. In this study, six hemi‐sides of heads from formalin‐preserved cadavers were used. Three were used for creating a horizontal section and three were used for creating the section along the axial line perpendicular to the surface of the skin, resulting in a gradual change from the coronal section at the lateral to the sagittal section at the median. The resected head was cut into slices with widths of 7 mm. The stretched tissue dissection method was performed by fixing a tissue slice to a board and pulling the skin outward to stretch the soft tissue. Blunt dissection was then performed under a microscope. The SMAS comprises three layers: superficial, intermediate, and deep. The superficial layer is a thin membrane directly connecting to the septa in the subcutaneous fat. The deep layer is the connective tissue in contact with the sub‐SMAS structure. The layer surrounded by the superficial and deep layer of the SMAS is the intermediate layer, containing connective tissue, adipose tissue, and facial muscles. The detailed findings of the SMAS obtained using this method resolve theoretical discrepancies and provide important insight for the field of facial surgery.
Evaluating nondestructive forage sampling techniques in alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures in the southeastern United States
Authors: Burt Justin , Baxter Lisa , Tucker Jennifer Johnson
Published: October 2022

The increased use of legume–grass mixtures in grazing systems has resulted in the need for more accurate forage estimation techniques for these diverse mixtures. In mixed stands, variations in species composition and canopy density make the estimation of herbage mass (HM) challenging. Three nondestructive sampling techniques [a rising plate meter (RPM), a pasture ruler, and digital image analysis] were compared with traditional botanical hand separation to determine their effectiveness in predicting HM in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) pastures when harvested to a 1‐ or 4‐inch stubble height. All models calibrated to forages harvested to 1 inch failed to meet the formal assumptions of the F‐test. The height and RPM were moderately successful at predicting HM when calibrated to samples harvested to 4 inches. However, the models were unable to predict HM above 4,000 lb acre−1 in their current form. Future research in alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures should focus on isolating how HM changes within the canopy and increase the sample area used to collect the calibration data.
Synthesis of 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural from glucose catalyzed by porous tetra‐component metal oxides solid acid
Authors: Zhang Luxin , Hu Meng , Sun Ruijun , Xing Xu
Published: October 2022

The production of 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) from cheap and abundant glucose feedstock has attracted a great deal of attention because of its potential applications. Herein, three porous tetra‐component metal oxide solid acid catalysts (SO42−/ZFSA‐A, SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐10, SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20) containing both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites have been successfully synthesized and can efficiently catalyze the synthesis of EMF from glucose. Particularly, the SO42−/ZFSA‐A, SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐10, and SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20 catalysts were prepared under the template of sodium alginate, 10% F127, and 20% F127, respectively. The prepared catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2‐adsorption–desorption isotherm, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry (TG), temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3‐TPD), and pyridine infrared spectra (Py‐FTIR). The characterization results indicated that all three catalysts have a porous structure. The pore distribution of the SO42−/ZFSA‐A catalyst is mainly macroporous and mesoporous, while the SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐10 and SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20 catalysts are mainly mesoporous. The SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20 catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic performance due to its large specific surface area, desirable mesoporous structure, high total acidity (especially strong and super strong acidity), and appropriate Lewis/Brønsted acid ratio. By applying SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20, the formation of EMF from glucose was successfully catalyzed and EMF was obtained at a yield of 34.56% after 12 h at 160°C. This yield is much higher compared with most other results achieved by solid acids catalysis. In addition, the reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, glucose amount, and catalyst dosage were shown to have a significant effect on the catalytic performance. Notably, the SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20 catalyst exhibited good reusability, as its activity did not significantly diminish after four rounds of repeated experiments and was successfully reactivated after calcination.
Dual‐Ion Intercalation Chemistry Enabling Hybrid Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Koleva Violeta , Kalapsazova Mariya , Marinova Delyana , Harizanova Sonya , Stoyanova Radostina
Published: October 2022

To outline the role of dual‐ion intercalation chemistry to reach sustainable energy storage, the present Review aimed to compare two types of batteries: widely accepted dual‐ion batteries based on cationic and anionic co‐intercalation versus newly emerged hybrid metal‐ion batteries using the co‐intercalation of cations only. Among different charge carrier cations, the focus was on the materials able to co‐intercalate monovalent ions (such Li+ and Na+, Li+ and K+, Na+ and K+, etc.) or couples of mono‐ and multivalent ions (Li+ and Mg2+, Na+ and Mg2+, Na+ and Zn2+, H+ and Zn2+, etc.). Furthermore, the Review was directed on co‐intercalation materials composed of environmentally benign and low‐cost transition metals (e. g., Mn, Fe, etc.). The effect of the electrolyte on the co‐intercalation properties was also discussed. The summarized knowledge on dual‐ion energy storage could stimulate further research so that the hybrid metal‐ion batteries become feasible in near future.
Low‐cost regional‐based congestion‐aware routing algorithm for 2D mesh NoC
Authors: Vazifedunn Seena , Reza Akram , Reshadi Midia
Published: October 2022

Given the advantages of network‐on‐chips (NoCs), they are rapidly improving to replace other forms of System‐on‐Chip (SoC) designs. Although various factors improve the NoC's performance, many challenges should be addressed when designing an NoC, one of which is congestion and its impacts on performance and efficiency. Hence, numerous routing algorithms have been proposed that contemplate the congestion influences to deal with its complexities. Nevertheless, given the significant impacts of overheads on performance and efficiency, it is crucial to consider them when designing an enhanced NoC. The proposed routing algorithm employs regional traffic information within multiple clusters and has a decent view of the traffic condition when choosing the path to the destination. Each node generates one bit of traffic information and propagates it only when the node is congested, thus preventing the information overhead. Finally, the path diversity parameter is utilized to identify the best route from the source to the destination. The proposed algorithm's results show that the number of received packets, average latency, average throughput, maximum latency, and energy consumption while using different traffic patterns are improved by 10.9%, 35.3%, 15.8%, 43%, and 15.3%, respectively.
Could cytology supplant frozen section for intraoperative evaluation of thoracic lesions? A single institutional experience in a developing country
Authors: Silav Zuhal Kuş , Sönmez Cansu , Aydemir Bülent , Yıldırım Mehmet , Okay Tamer , Aker Fügen Vardar
Published: October 2022

Background

The diagnostic performance of cytology was compared with the frozen results and its usability was evaluated as a rapid diagnosis method in intraoperative thoracic surgery in a single institution (Istanbul, Turkey).

Methods

All 197 subsequent patient specimens (cases) from 158 patients who were sent to our department from the thoracic surgery clinic for an intraoperative diagnosis request between the years 2016 and 2021 were evaluated. Obtained results from frozen and cytology were compared with final paraffin section diagnoses. Lesions were grouped into three different groups as nonneoplastic, benign, and malignant neoplasms.

Results

Diagnostic accuracy values of cytology and frozen sections in intraoperative consultation were 98.8% and 99.4%, respectively. Sensitivity values of cytology and frozen sections in intraoperative consultation were 96.3% and 98.7%, respectively. Specificity values of cytology and frozen sections in intraoperative consultation were 100% and 100%, respectively. Negative predictive values of cytology and frozen sections in intraoperative consultation were 96.7% and 98.9%, respectively. Positive predictive values of cytology and frozen sections in intraoperative consultation were 100% and 100%, respectively. Kappa statistics between cytology and frozen revealed a very high interrater reliability (Cohen's Kappa value: 0.911; p = .001; p < .01). The difficulty in distinguishing primary and metastatic carcinoma, which is mostly undecided in frozen sections and the definitive diagnosis is left to paraffin sections, seems also be a problem in the cytological examination.

Conclusions

Cytological diagnosis can be used in the evaluation of small biopsy specimens that require tissue preservation in intraoperative consultation, especially for immunohistochemical and advanced genetic studies.
PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 after consumption of low doses of alcohol—A contribution to cutoff discussion
Authors: Aboutara Nadine , Jungen Hilke , Szewczyk Anne , Müller Alexander , Iwersen‐Bergmann Stefanie
Published: October 2022

Phosphatidylethanol in blood has gained recognition as a direct alcohol biomarker. Although different cutoffs have been suggested, there is no consensus for differentiating abstinence from alcohol consumption. In this study, 75 participants (72% female) consumed 20 g of ethanol on three consecutive evenings. Blood was sampled on each following day and PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 were determined. PEth 16:0/18:1 ranged from 8.9–21.5, 8.7–19.3, and 8.8–42.3 ng/ml and PEth 16:0/18:2 from 8.7–31.7, 9.0–39.3, and 9.4–43.0 ng/ml after the respective days of ethanol consumption. PEth 16:0/18:1 yielded a sensitivity of 25%, 45%, and 49% and PEth 16:0/18:2 of 40%, 61%, and 68% for the consumption days, respectively (cutoff 10 ng/ml). PEth 16:0/18:1 reached >20 ng/ml in five samples overall. Sensitivity of PEth 16:0/18:2 > 20 ng/ml was better with 35% after the three drinking days. Overall, PEth 16:0/18:1 was >35 ng/ml in one sample and PEth 16:0/18:2 in three samples. Significantly, more women had PEth 16:0/18:1 > 10 ng/ml after the third day of consuming 20 g of alcohol (p = 0.02) and PEth 16:0/18:2 > 10 ng/ml after the second (p = 0.023) and the third (p = 0.002) consumption, which can be led back to the higher blood alcohol concentration women reach after consuming the same alcohol amount as men.

Although the response rates of PEth to alcohol uptake are subject to strong interindividual differences, results suggest that PEth cutoff should be lowered for better detection of consumption of low to medium amounts of alcohol. Furthermore, it is advantageous to analyze both PEth 16:0/18:2 and 16:0/18:1.
Climate‐induced habitat suitability changes intensify fishing impacts on the life history of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Wang Ya , Zhou Xijie , Chen Jiajie , Xie Bin , Huang Lingfeng
Published: October 2022

Intense fishing pressure and climate change are major threats to the fish population and coastal fisheries. Larimichthys crocea (large yellow croaker) is a long‐lived fish, which performs seasonal migrations from its spawning and nursery grounds along the coast of the East China Sea (ECS) to overwintering grounds offshore. This study used length‐based analysis and habitat suitability index (HSI) model to evaluate the current life‐history parameters and overwintering habitat suitability of L. crocea, respectively. We compared recent (2019) and historical (1971–1982) life‐history parameters and overwintering HSI to analyze the fishing pressure and climate change effects on the overall population and overwintering phase of L. crocea. The length‐based analysis indicated serious overfishing of L. crocea, characterized by reduced catch, size truncation, constrained distribution, and advanced maturation causing a recruitment bottleneck. The overwintering HSI modeling results indicated that climate change has led to decreased sea surface temperature during L. crocea overwintering phase over the last half‐century, which in turn led to area decrease and an offshore‐oriented shifting of optimal overwintering habitat of L. crocea. The fishing‐caused size truncation may have constrained the migratory ability, and distribution of L. crocea subsequently led to the mismatch of the optimal overwintering habitat against climate change background, namely habitat bottleneck. Hence, while heavy fishing was the major cause of L. crocea collapse, climate‐induced overwintering habitat suitability may have intensified the fishery collapse of L. crocea population. It is important for management to consider both overfishing and climate change issues when developing stock enhancement activities and policy regulations, particularly for migratory long‐lived fish that share a similar life history to L. crocea. Combined with China's current restocking and stock enhancement initiatives, we propose recommendations for the future restocking of L. crocea in China.
Dispersal without drivers: Intrinsic and extrinsic variables have no impact on movement distances in a terrestrial amphibian
Authors: Jreidini Nathalie , Green David M.
Published: October 2022

Dispersive movements are often thought to be multicausal and driven by individual body size, sex, conspecific density, environmental variation, personality, and/or other variables. Yet such variables often do not account for most of the variation among dispersive movements in nature, leaving open the possibility that dispersion may be indeterministic. We assessed the amount of variation in 24 h movement distances that could be accounted for by potential drivers of displacement with a large empirical dataset of movement distances performed by Fowler's Toads (Anaxyrus fowleri) on the northern shore of Lake Erie at Long Point, Ontario (2002–2021, incl.). These toads are easy to sample repeatedly, can be identified individually and move parallel to the shoreline as they forage at night, potentially dispersing to new refuge sites. Using a linear mixed‐effect model that incorporated random effect terms to account for sampling variance and inter‐annual variation, we found that all potential intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of movement accounted for virtually none of the variation observed among 24 h distances moved by these animals, whether over short or large spatial scales. We examined the idea of movement personality by testing variance per individual toad and found no evidence of individuality in movement distances. We conclude that deterministic variables, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, neither can be shown to nor are necessary to drive movements in this population over all spatial scales. Stochastic, short time‐scale movements, such as daily foraging movements, can instead accumulate over time to produce large spatial‐scale movements that are dispersive in nature.
Antelope space‐use and behavior indicate multilevel responses to varying anthropogenic influences in a highly human‐dominated landscape
Authors: Jha Rohit Raj , Isvaran Kavita
Published: October 2022

A primary means of conserving a species or a habitat in a human‐dominated landscape is through promoting coexistence with humans while minimizing conflict. For this, we should understand how wildlife is impacted by direct and indirect human activities. Such information is rare in areas with high human densities. To investigate how animals respond to altered ecological conditions in human‐dominated landscapes, we focused on a wild herbivore of conservation concern in the Krishnasaar Conservation Area (KrCA) in Nepal. Here, blackbuck Antilope cervicapra, a generalist grazer, lives in refugia located with a growing human population. We studied the impacts of humans on habitat use and behavior of blackbuck. We laid 250 × 250 m grid cells in the entire KrCA and carried out indirect sign surveys with three replications for habitat use assessment. We observed herds of blackbuck for 89 h in different habitat types using scan sampling methods. Our habitat‐use survey showed that habitats under intensive human use were hardly used by blackbuck, even when high‐quality forage was available. Habitat openness was the major predictor of habitat use inside the core area, where levels of human activities were low. We also found a positive correlation between habitat use by blackbuck and livestock. Blackbuck were substantially more vigilant when they were in forest than in grassland, again indicating an influence of risk. Overall, blackbuck appear to be sensitive to the risk associated with both natural and anthropogenic factors. Our findings have direct implications for managing human–wildlife interactions in this landscape, specifically regarding strategies for livestock grazing in habitats highly used by blackbuck and concerning predictions of how changing land use will impact the long‐term persistence of blackbuck. Our work suggests that wild herbivores may be able to persist in landscapes with high human densities so long as there are refuges where human activities are relatively low.
Animal use of fence crossings in southwestern rangelands
Authors: Zoromski Lisa D. , DeYoung Randy W. , Goolsby John A. , Foley Aaron M. , Ortega‐Santos Jose A. , Hewitt David G. , Campbell Tyler A.
Published: October 2022

Net‐wire fencing built to confine livestock is common on rangelands in the Southwestern USA, yet the impacts of livestock fencing on wildlife are largely unknown. Many wildlife species cross beneath fences at defined crossing locations because they prefer to crawl underneath rather than jump over fences. Animals occasionally become entangled jumping or climbing over fences, leading to injury or death. More commonly, repeated crossings under net‐wire fencing by large animals lead to fence damage, though the damage is often tolerated by landowners until the openings affect the ability to enclose livestock. The usage, placement, characteristics, and passage rates of fence crossings beneath net‐wire fencing are poorly understood. We monitored 20 randomly selected fence crossings on net‐wire livestock fencing across two study sites on rangelands in South Texas, USA, from April 2018 to March 2019. We assessed the characteristics of fence‐crossing locations (openings beneath the fence created by animals to aid in crossing) and quantified crossing rates and the probability of crossing by all species of animals via trail cameras. We documented 10,889 attempted crossing events, with 58% (n = 6271) successful. Overall, 15 species of medium‐ and large‐size mammals and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) contributed to crossing events. Crossing locations received 3–4 crossing attempts per day on average, but the number of attempts and probability of successful crossing varied by location and fence condition. The probability of crossing attempts was most consistently influenced by the opening size of the crossing and season; as crossing size (opening) increased, the probability of successful crossing significantly increased for all species. Peaks in crossing activity corresponded with species' daily and seasonal movements and activity. The density and size of fence‐crossing locations were dependent on fence maintenance and not associated with vegetation communities or habitat variables. However, crossing locations were often re‐established in the same locations after fence repairs. This is one of the few studies to monitor how all animal species present interacted with net‐wire livestock fencing in rangelands. Our results will help land managers understand the impact of net‐wire livestock fencing on animal movement.
Emergence of highly profibrotic and proinflammatory Lrat + Fbln2 + HSC subpopulation in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Balog Steven , Fujiwara Reika , Pan Stephanie Q. , El‐Baradie Khairat B. , Choi Hye Yeon , Sinha Sonal , Yang Qihong , Asahina Kinji , Chen Yibu , Li Meng , Salomon Matthew , Ng Stanley W.‐K. , Tsukamoto Hidekazu
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:

Relative roles of HSCs and portal fibroblasts in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) are unknown. We aimed to identify subpopulations of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (Col1a1)–expressing cells in a mouse AH model by single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and filtering the cells with the HSC (lecithin retinol acyltransferase [Lrat]) and portal fibroblast (Thy‐1 cell surface antigen [Thy1] and fibulin 2 [Fbln2]) markers and vitamin A (VitA) storage.

Approach and Results:

Col1a1–green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice underwent AH, CCl4, and bile duct ligation (BDL) procedures to have comparable F1‐F2 liver fibrosis. Col1a1‐expressing cells were sorted via FACS by VitA autofluorescence and GFP for single‐cell RNA sequencing. In AH, approximately 80% of Lrat+Thy1−Fbln2− activated HSCs were VitA‐depleted (vs. ~13% in BDL and CCl4). Supervised clustering identified a subset co‐expressing Lrat and Fbln2 (Lrat+Fbln2+), which expanded 44‐fold, 17‐fold, and 1.3‐fold in AH, BDL, and CCl4. Lrat+Fbln2+ cells had 3–15‐times inductions of profibrotic, myofibroblastic, and immunoregulatory genes versus Lrat+Fbln2− cells, but 2–4‐times repressed HSC‐selective genes. AH activated HSCs had up‐regulated inflammatory (chemokine [C‐X‐C motif] ligand 2 [Cxcl2], chemokine [C‐C motif] ligand 2), antimicrobial (Il‐33, Zc3h12a), and antigen presentation (H2‐Q6, H2‐T23) genes versus BDL and CCl4. Computational deconvolution of AH versus normal human bulk‐liver RNA‐sequencing data supported an expansion of LRAT+FBLN2+ cells in AH; AH patient liver immunohistochemistry showed FBLN2 staining along fibrotic septa enriched with LRAT+ cells; and in situ hybridization confirmed co‐expression of FBLN2 with CXCL2 and/or human leukocyte antigen E in patient AH. Finally, HSC tracing in Lrat‐Cre;Rosa26mTmG mice detected GFP+FBLN2+ cells in AH.

Conclusion:

A highly profibrotic, inflammatory, and immunoregulatory Lrat+Fbln2+ subpopulation emerges from HSCs in AH and may contribute to the inflammatory and immunoreactive nature of AH.
ESASeedPARAM: A seed treatment model for threatened and endangered bird species in the United States
Authors: Moore Dwayne R. J. , Priest Colleen D.
Published: October 2022

The USEPA, National Marine Fisheries Service, and Fish and Wildlife Service are required to assess the risks of pesticides undergoing registration or reregistration to threatened and endangered (i.e., listed) species. Currently, the USEPA lacks a refined model to assess the risks of seed treatments to listed bird species. We developed the Endangered Species Assessment Seed Treatment Probabilistic Avian Risk Assessment Model (ESASeedPARAM) to incorporate species-specific diets, body weights, and food ingestion rates for potentially exposed listed bird species. The model also incorporates information on dissipation of seed residues after planting, and metabolism and elimination by birds during exposure. The ESASeedPARAM estimates hourly intake from ingestion of treated seeds for up to 50 days after planting. For each simulated bird, maximum retained dose (= body burden) and maximum rolling average total daily intake are estimated for acute and chronic exposure, respectively. The model is probabilistic and estimates exposure and risk for 20 birds on each of 1000 fields. The model accounts for interfield variation in the amount of waste grain on the soil surface in tilled, reduced till, and untilled fields. To estimate the fate of each bird from acute exposure, a random value is selected from the appropriate dose–response relationship and compared with the maximum retained dose. If acute exposure exceeds the randomly chosen effects value, mortality is assumed. For chronic risk, the most sensitive No Observed Adverse Effects Level (NOAEL) and Lowest Observed Adverse Effects Level (LOAEL) for an apical endpoint (survival, growth, reproduction) are compared with maximum rolling average total daily intake. In this article, we describe a case study conducted with the ESASeedPARAM for imidacloprid used as a seed treatment on wheat and soybean. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:527–546. © 2022 SETAC
Breech delivery in low‐income settings: A systematic review of perinatal and maternal outcomes in vaginal versus cesarean breech deliveries
Authors: Sorensen Herman A. , Obel Josephine , Schroll Jeppe B. , Krebs Lone
Published: October 2022

Most studies comparing vaginal breech delivery (VBD) with cesarean breech delivery (CBD) have been conducted in high‐income settings. It is uncertain whether these results are applicable in a low‐income setting. To assess the neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity for singleton VBD compared to CBD in low‐ and lower‐middle‐income settings,the PubMed database was searched from January 1, 2000, to January 23, 2020 (updated April 21, 2021). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐RCTs comparing singleton VBD with singleton CBD in low‐ and lower‐middle‐income settings reporting infant mortality were selected. Two authors independently assessed papers for eligibility and risk of bias. The primary outcome was relative risk of perinatal mortality. Meta‐analysis was conducted on applicable outcomes. Eight studies (one RCT, seven observational) (12 510 deliveries) were included. VBD increased perinatal mortality (relative risk [RR] 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82–3.91; one RCT, five observational studies, 3289 women) and risk of 5‐minute Apgar score below 7 (RR 3.91, 95% CI 1.90–8.04; three observational studies, 430 women) compared to CBD. There was a higher risk of hospitalization and postpartum bleeding in CBD. Most of the studies were deemed to have moderate or serious risk of bias. CBD decreases risk of perinatal mortality but increases risk of bleeding and hospitalization.