bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
المعوقات الإدارية التي تواجه دور الأخصائي الاجتماعي في مراكز التأهيل الشامل (دراسة مطبقة على مراكز التأهيل الشامل بمنطقة مكة المكرمة)
Authors:   ماجستير في التنظيم والإدارة في الخدمة الاجتماعية، قسم الخدمة الاجتماعية، كلية العلوم الاجتماعية، جامعة أم القرى، المملكة العربية السعودية, العقيلي توفيق
Published: March 2022

تتلخص مشكلة الدراسة من خلال هدفها الرئيسي في التعرف على المعوقات الإدارية التي تواجه دور الأخصائي الاجتماعي في مراكز التأهيل الشامل بمنطقة مكة المكرمة، والتي تفرَّعت منه مجموعة من الأهداف المتمثلة في التعرف على طبيعة الأعمال التي يمارسها الأخصائي الاجتماعي في مراكز التأهيل الشامل من وجهة نظر الأخصائيين الاجتماعين، والتعرف على المعوقات الإدارية التي تواجه دور الأخصائي الاجتماعي في مراكز التأهيل الشامل التي من وجهة نظر الأخصائيين الاجتماعيين، والمحاولة في الوصول إلى مجموعة من المقترحات للتغلب على المعوقات الإدارية التي تواجه عمل الأخصائي الاجتماعي في مراكز التأهيل الشامل. وتنتمي الدراسة إلى الدراسات الوصفية المسحية عن طريق استخدام المسح الاجتماعي بالحصر الشامل للأخصائيين الاجتماعيين والأخصائيات الاجتماعيات في مراكز التأهيل الشامل بمنطقة مكة المكرمة، والذي استجاب منهم (78)، من خلال استخدام أداة الاستبانة في جمع البيانات. وقد توصلت الدراسة من خلال نتائجها إلى أبرز الأعمال التي يمارسها الأخصائي الاجتماعي تتمثل: في تكوين علاقة مهنية مع المعاق، والمشاركة مع الفريق المهني في توفير المعلومات اللازمة عن المعاق، والمشاركة في تنظيم العمل الإداري داخل المركز، كما توصلت النتائج إلى أن أبرز المعوقات الإدارية التي تواجه الأخصائي الاجتماعي تتمثل في قلة الاهتمام بقضية تهيئة المكان المناسب للأخصائي الاجتماعي للقيام بأدواره المهنية، ونقص في تقدير الموارد البشرية واستغلالها بالشكل الأمثل في إنجاز الأهداف بالمركز، وقلة الحوافز المقدمة للأخصائي الاجتماعي.
Evaluation of Wrist Muscles and Grip Strength in Smartphone Users - An Observational Study
Authors: Singh Reeshav Kumar , Rathod Sheshna , Sorani Dinesh
Published: March 2022

Background: - Prolonged usage of smartphone may lead to pain around thumb and wrist. Thus, there is a need to assess the muscles strength of wrist and hand among smartphone users.
Method: - 140 (70 males and 70 females) young college going adults with age group between 17-23 years were randomly selected for the study. Wrist muscle strength and power grip strength were assessed using hand held dynamometer. Pinch grip strength was assessed using pinchometer.
Results: - Peak mean strength of wrist flexor was 10.40(4.43) Kg, wrist extensor was 10.48(4.79) Kg, power grip was 30.73(13.69) Kg and pinch grip was 5.58(1.59) Kg. Spearman’s correlation coefficient ranged from 0.6 to 1 between wrist and grip strength.
Conclusion: - Currently there is no adverse effect of smartphone usage on pinch and power grip but wrist muscles are found to be weak.

Key words: Wrist muscles, Grip, Handheld dynamometer, Pinchometer
BUDAYA MITOS SUMBER MATA AIR MOTA UWI DALAM MEWUJUDKAN TERTIB SOSIAL DI DESA NGALUKOJA KECAMATAN MAUROLE KABUPATEN ENDE
Authors: Wula Zainur
Published: March 2022

Sumber mata air Mota Uwi di desa Ngalukodja Kabupaten Ende, terletak di wilayah  persekutuan adat Ngalukoja. Desa Ngalukoja memiliki batas wilayah tanah adat  Dai Puu Kaju Enga Koba Aje. Pemimpin adatnya disebut Mosalaki Dai Puu Kaju Enga Koba Aje, yang  memiliki tradisi dan hubungan sosial budaya religius magis dengan seluruh sumber mata air mota uwi. Masalah pokok  “Apakah Budaya Mitos Sumber Mata Air Mota Uwi dapat mewujudkan tertib sosial di desa Ngalukoja? Tujuan  untuk mengetahui  budaya mitos sumber mata air Mota Uwi dalam mewujudkan ketertiban sosial di desa Ngalukodja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sosial budaya, pegumpulan data; pengamatan, indepth interview menggunakan snow ball informan. data dianalisa kualitatif naratif. Sistem sosial budaya dan ritual religius magis terlihat dalam kehidupan masyarakat yang bertujuan agar masyarakat tidak mengeksplorasi hasil hutan di sekitar lokasi sumber mata air Mota Uwi, menebang pohon untuk bahan bangunan dan kayu bakar. Masyarakat meyakini jika memasuki kawasan sumber mata air  tanpa melalui  ritual adat maka bencana alam atau malapetaka akan menimpa individu yang melakukannya tidak terkecuali keluarganya. Sumber mata air Mota Uwi dijaga oleh  arwah leluhur sejak ratusan tahun,  menjaga anak turunannya yang mendiami wilayah persekutuan adat Ngalukodja. Mitos sumber mata air mota uwi, dapat mewujudkan ketertiban, menjaga pengrusakan hutan dan mewujudkan kesinambungan kesemestaan mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan  kebaikan bersama desa Ngalukoja.
Getting more from the Masters: Increasing scholarship in campus activities practice
Authors:   Bridgewater State University, Kane Cindy
Published: March 2022

With so many positions in campus activities requiring advanced degrees, campus activities practitioners begin their careers with a depth of understanding of current scholarship in the field. Once arriving to these positions on campuses, however, many practitioners may be challenged to stay engaged when faced with the limitless priorities of daily work. If the profession were to embrace the value of scholarship, it would require new points of view about the work of campus activities practice from institutions, associations, campus leaders and individual professionals. In the context of changing campus activities practice, I suggest a broader conception of the meaning of scholarship as a way to encourage campus activities practitioners to find closer alignment with the academic community within colleges and universities.
Translating a dissertation to a scholarly publication: Words of advice from the Journal Editorial Board
Authors:   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Rosch David , DeSawal Danielle ,   Indiana University - Bloomington, McCullar Steven ,   St. Cloud State University, Peck Adam ,   Stephen F. Austin Unversity, Russel Krebs Stephanie ,   University of Tampa
Published: March 2022

A quote often attributed to Michelangelo reads, “In every block of marble I see a statue as plain as though it stood before me, shaped and perfect in attitude and action. I have only to hew away the rough walls that imprison the lovely apparition to reveal it to the other eyes as mine see it” (Shaikh and Leonard-Amodeo, 2005, p. 75). There can be a temptation to see the act of chiseling a journal article out of one’s dissertation in similar terms. One cannot help but wonder if Michelangelo’s advisors ever presented him a piece of stone and said, “Yeah, you could get two or three angels out of this one.” However, “chop it down and submit something” is advice doctoral students often receive when thinking about publishing their dissertations. Such advice can lead to the modern-day equivalent of this approach – cutting and pasting a 20,000-40,000 word dissertation into 5,000-7,000 word journal article. This process, of course, often leads to expected results: a disjointed and wordy article that is both difficult to follow and overly complicated.
Leadership development through campus employment: Preparing a new workforce
Authors:   Kansas State University, Gott Trisha
Published: March 2022

Student employment is a key opportunity for student affairs practitioners to engage in leadership development. As the population of students seeking higher education shifts, now is the time for us to step forward fully and embrace our ability to enrich leadership development through the realm of student employment.
Considering the nature of theory-building in the field of campus activities: Advice from the Journal Editorial Board
Authors:   St. Cloud State University, McCullar Steven , Peck Adam ,   Stephen F. Austin University, DeSawal Danielle ,   Indiana University - Bloomington, Rosch David ,   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Russell Krebs Stephanie ,   University of Tampa
Published: March 2022

AT ITS HEART, THE CENTRAL MISSION OF THE JOURNAL OF CAMPUS ACTIVITIES SCHOLARSHIP AND PRACTICE (JCAPS) has been to promote and sustain a culture of scholarship within the field of campus activities. This editorial board has used a variety of strategies for accomplishing this goal. We routinely reach out to senior scholars in the field to invite them to share insights that can benefit student affairs professionals. We work in a hands-on way to help burgeoning scholars in our field to develop a research and scholarship agenda, and to make publication an important part of their scholarly activity. In the Fall 2019 edition of JCAPS, we provided a guide for transitioning a dissertation into a scholarly publication (Rosch, Desawal, McCullar, Peck, & Russell Krebs, 2019). This article, in particular, has been favorably received since it fills an important gap not only in the field of campus activities, but within student affairs overall.
CAS standards for campus activities programs: A review of the contextual statement and standards
Authors:   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Spencer Gayle , Smedick William ,   Johns Hopkins University
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this review is to highlight the differences in the new contextual statement and standards from past editions, as well as to discuss and provide examples of how CAS Standards can be utilized by Campus Activities Professionals.
Lessons from a pandemic: The value of campus activities professionals
Authors:   Stephen F. Austin University, Peck Adam
Published: March 2022

WHEN SOMEONE IN HIGHER EDUCATION PICTURES THE “TYPICAL” WORK OF CAMPUS ACTIVITIES, a variety of vivid images likely come to mind. Some may picture organizing a significant concert with students streaming into a large venue on campus. Or perhaps they think of coordinating historic campus traditions like Homecoming, where current and former students mix and mingle while attending a variety of parades, pep rallies, and events that promote institutional spirit and pride. There are, of course, many other examples of how campus activities professionals promote a lively and engaging campus environment. Still, many examples may be less known to those outside our profession – even if those individuals work on college and university campuses.
Academic experiences, perceptions of curricular diversity, and academic performance: A study of undergraduate Christian students in faith-based student organizations
Authors:   Kansas State University, Craft Christy Moran , Yang Yang ,   Kansas State University
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of undergraduate Christian students involved in faith-based student organizations at one public, Midwestern research university. Specifically, we were interested in examining select academic experiences, perceptions of the religious and spiritual diversity in the curriculum, and the academic performance of these students as compared to other Christian students and non-Christian students. To that end, we analyzed data collected through a campus climate survey. Findings revealed that Christian students in faith-based student organizations had more favorable perceptions of their academic experiences and the religious and spiritual diversity in the curriculum than did non-Christians, and their academic performance (measured by GPA) was more likely to be higher than that of other Christians and non-Christians. We present several implications for practice, most of which pertain to recognizing and addressing Christian privilege along with encouraging students of all religious and spiritual identities to become involved in relevant faith-based student organizations on campus.
Big 10 institution campus recreation: A review of current values, policies, and practices
Authors:   Penn State University, Wilson Oliver , Guthrie David , Bopp Melissa
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To systematically examine the institutional values and campus recreational policies and practices of all Big 10 institutions to determine whether equitable physical activity opportunities are being provided. Approach: Websites were systematically searched, and data extracted were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: Community (n=13) and diversity and inclusion (n=12), emerged among the most common institutional values. All but one institution funded campus recreation through mandatory student fees. Health and/or wellness (n = 12), recreation, activity, and/or fitness (n=12), and community (n=11) emerged as dominant themes, as did diversity and inclusion (n=9). Despite the proclaimed commitment to diversity and inclusion, one institution offered women-specific programming, and considerably more intramural sport opportunities were available for men. Implications: Findings indicate all students fund shortcomings regarding the provision of equitable student physical activity opportunities, especially given that campus recreation and that institutions purportedly value community, diversity, and inclusion.
HUBUNGAN KESEHATAN SPIRITUAL DENGAN HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN TEORI KEPERAWATAN VIRGINIA HENDERSON DI PANTI LANJUT USIA HARAPAN KITA PALEMBANG
Authors: WM TRILIA , Yellisni Inne
Published: March 2022

Background: Virginia Henderson introduces a definition of nursing (definition of nursing). Henderson also developed a nursing model known as "The Activities of Living". In this model there are fourteen basic needs of Virginia Henderson which can be classified into four components, one of which is a component of spiritual health. Spiritual health includes attitude, meaning and spiritual support with a better cardiovascular condition. Diseases related to spiritual health that can threaten and hinder the spiritual development of the elderly, one of which is hypertension. Research objective: to see the relationship between spiritual health and hypertension. Methods: This study used a cross sectional design. The sample is elderly with hypertension 32 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi square test with a significance value of p value <0.05. Result: positive category spiritual attitude 81.3%, good spiritual meaning 84.4%, bad spiritual support 81.3%, respondents with mild hypertension was 53.1% and there was no relationship between spiritual health and hypertension. Conclusion: Spiritual health does not have correlation with hypertension in the elderly.

Key words: spiritual health, hypertension and the elderly
PENERAPAN TERAPI SENTUHAN DAN MUSIK LULLABY TERHADAP PENINGKATAN SUHU TUBUH PADA BAYI PREMATUR
Authors: Annisa Rahma , Mentari Febi Try
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Bayi prematur adalah bayi yang dilahirkan dengan masa gestasi kurang dari 37 minggu dan dengan berat badan yang rendah menyebabkan perawatan pada bayi prematur harusdilakukan dengan baik terutama menjaga kestabilan suhu dan frekuensi denyut jantung. Terapi sentuhan merupakan salah satu terapi nonfarmakologis yang dapat diberikan pada bayi prematur. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi pengaruh terapi sentuhan terhadap suhu bayi prematur. Metode: Penelusuran artikel penelitian dibeberapa database menggunakan kata kunci tertentu dalam periode tahu 2015-2020 , Hasil penelusuran didapatkan  10 artikel menggunakan intervensi keperawatan , hanya 6 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis kritis terhadap 6 artikel dilakukn berdasarkan desain populasi, sampel, perlakuan, temuan dan kesimpulan, Hasil dan Pembahasan: Penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa efektivitas penerapan terapi sentuhan dan musik lullaby dengan peningkatn suhu tubuh. Kesimpulan: Sehingga disarankan bagi para medis dan masyarakat untuk dapat memberikan asuhan terapi sentuhan dan musik untuk meningkatkan suhu tubuh pada bayi prematur sebagai terapi alternatif non-farmakologi.

Kata kunci: Musik, lullaby, prematur,vital signs.dan Bayi prematur, sentuhan, suhu
ANALISA METODE FIKSASI KERING MENGGUNAKAN GIEMSA DAN FIKSASI BASAH MENGGUNAKAN PAPANICOLAOU PADA PEMERIKSAAN PAP SMEAR
Authors: Sari Indah , Darwin Bastian , Realita Try Era
Published: March 2022

Kanker serviks adalah penyakit yang ditandai dengan pertumbuhan sel yang tidak terkontrol dan penyebaran sel abnormal yang terjadi di serviks. World Health Organization (WHO) menjelaskan bahwa kanker serviks merupakan penyebab kematian nomor dua pada perempuan dari seluruh penyakit kanker yang ada. Pap smear merupakan pemeriksaan yang dilakukan untuk mendeteksi kanker serviks. Pemeriksaan pap smear menggunakan bahan pemeriksaan swab vagina yang harus dilakukan fiksasi basah sebelum pewarnaan papanicolaou dan fiksasi kering sebelum pewarnaan giemsa. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisa metode fiksasi basah menggunakan pewarnaan papanicolaou dan fiksasi kering menggunakan pewarnaan giemsa pada pemeriksaan pap smear yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi Dyatnitalis Palembang. Jenis penelitian menggunakan cross sectional dengan rancangan penelitian menggunakan intact group comparison. Sampel terdiri atas 8 responden masing-masing dilakukan fiksasi basah diwarnai dengan papanicoloau dan fiksasi kering diwarnai dengan giemsa. Penelitian dilakukan mulai dari persiapan pasien, pengambilan bahan pemeriksaan, pengolahan bahan pemeriksaan, analisis dan hasil pemeriksaan. Hasil uji Chi-Square diketahui bahwa nilai signifikan adalah p = 0,064. Nilai p yang didapatkan adalah p˃0,05. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan antara metode fiksasi kering menggunakan giemsa dan fiksasi basah menggunakan papanicolaou pada pemeriksaan pap smear.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG MAKANAN PENDAMPING ASI
Authors: Ginanjar Marwan Riki
Published: March 2022

Latar belakang: Makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) perlu diberikan kepada bayi saat mulai memasuki usia 6 bulan guna memenuhi kebutuhan gizi. Pemberian MP-ASI tidak tepat berdampak pada kurangnya kecukupan gizi bayi. Ketidaktepatan pemberian MP-ASI salah satunya disebabkan oleh pengetahuan ibu yang rendah. Pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode yang tepat dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang MP-ASI. Tujuan:Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Makanan Pendamping ASI pada Bayi. Metode Penelitian: penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pre-experimental design dan rancangan menggunakan One grouppretest-posttest. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 6 bulan - < 6 tahun sebanyak 33 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Total Sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil: Rata-rata pengetahuan ibu sebelum dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan adalah 10,76 dengan nilai median 11, nilai minimal 8 dan maksimal 14. Rata-rata pengetahuan ibu setelah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan adalah 11,52 dengan nilai median 11, nilai minimal 9 dan maksimal 14. Perbedaan pengetahuan ibu tentang MP-ASI sebelum dan setelah intervensi dengan p value 0,005. Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan ibu tentang MP-ASI.
JUDUL PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN PRE OPERASI BEDAH MAYOR : LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Pujiana Dewi
Published: March 2022

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION ON ANXIETY AMONG PATIENTS WITH PRE –MAJOR SURGERY : LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Patients often experience anxiety with various risks or bad possibilities that can occur in undergoing surgery, especially major surgery. One of the efforts in dealing with anxiety is through trerapeutic communication during preoperative major sirgery. Therapeutic communication can increase patient confidence in facing an operation. Study Purpose : Writing this literature Review aimed to determine the effect of nurse therapeutic communication on anxiety levels in patients with pre-major surgery. Methods: This study, used the Literature Review method by taking data sources using electronic databases such as PubMed, National Library and Google Schloar to answer the purpose of writing. Articles published in the period 2016-2020 which selection and identification according to the inclusion criteria, There are 10 articles that will be reviewed. Results: Based on the results of the review of the 10 research articles, it was explained that there was a significant effect after nurse therapeutic communication was carried out on the level of anxiety in patients with pre-major surgery, such as decreasing  anxiety in patients with pre-major surgery. Conclusion: Therapeutic communication is very effective in reducing anxiety levels on patient pre-major surgery, so that it can be applied in nursing care for patients who will undergo the surgery process

Keywords : Therapeutic Communication, Anxiety, Pre-Major Surgery.
PENGARUH TERAPI RELAKSASI GUIDED IMAGERY TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI
Authors: Majid Yudi Abdul
Published: March 2022

Background: The elderly are individuals aged 60 years and over who experience physical, mental, psychosocial changes. One of the thysical changes in the cardiovaskular system where the heart valves thicken and become stiff so that the aortic wall decreases. The heartꞌs ability to pump blood decreases resulting in loss of elasticity of blood vessels which can cause blood pressure which is at risk for several degenerative disease including hypertension. Hypertension is a condition in which a person experiences an increase in blood pressure above normal. One of the non-farmakological treatments is guided imagery relaxation theraphy, guided imagery relaxation theraphy is a techique that uses a personꞌs imagination by imagining good or happy things, fun and calming. Research Objectives: The aim in this study was to analyze the effect of guided imagery relaxation theraphy on blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension. Research Methods: This study uses a literature review by analyzing articels related to the research. Data were obtained from electronic databases, namely Goggle Scholar, Pubmed, Proques, with the keywords elderly, guided imagery, and hypertension published in 2015-2020. Results: Based on the results of the analysis of 10 research articles reviewed, it was found that area there was a significant effect of guided imagey relaxation theraphy on changes in blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension, because by stimulating the brain through imagination, a response in the nervouse system can arise which makes the body relax. It is felt by the body so that endorphins are released into the blood vessels so that the blood vessels experience vasodilation and the blood supply is fulfilled which can cause a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate. Conclussion: Guided imagery relaxation theraphy can reduce blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension.
A multiple strategy for plant species identification using images of leaf texture
Authors: Rosa Nubia , Luidji Igor , da Silva Sergio , Farias Douglas
Published: March 2022

In our planet there are thousands of plant species, being important to catalog these to help in the biodiversity preservation. However, identifying various plant species is not an easy task, even for specialists. Methods of computer vision for identifying plant species are interesting solutions for these difficulties. This work aims to analyze the efficiency of texture feature extraction methods applied in the identification of plant species by means of images of its leaves. For this, different texture descriptors were applied in three different databases. The obtained results indicate that local phase quantization (LPQ)-based methods achieve great efficiency and robustness. Additionally, the combination of LPQ-based methods with a segmentation based fractal texture analysis (SFTA) has increased the correct classification rate in all databases.
O MERCADO ENGOLINDO OS SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS: Saneamento Básico pra que(m) em Mato Grosso do Sul?
Authors: DOS SANTOS REGERSON FRANKLIN
Published: March 2022

Este livro analisa o Programa de Parceria Público-Privada do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul - PROPPP-MS, a partir do processo de implementação do saneamento básico em 68 municípios que integram a área de atuação da Sanesul no estado. O autor identifica e analisa as diretrizes básicas do processo de implantação das Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPPs) no Brasil e, em particular, no Mato Grosso do Sul, suas características e faz um diagnóstico da realidade existente no setor de saneamento básico no estado e a situação desejada. Desta forma, são explorados os investimentos, as materialidades e seus desdobramentos espaciais, tensões e conflitos. Ao longo do texto são abordados os desdobramentos das políticas econômicas adotadas no Brasil e no MS, especialmente no decorrer dos últimos anos. No final, o autor expõe sua defesa em relação aos direitos das minorias, pautando-nos na concepção de que o saneamento básico é um direito humano fundamental.
Gema Bilbul: Inovasi Pembelajaran Matematika di Era Virtual
Authors: Khasanah Binti Anisaul , Khofifah Yevi Nur , Putri Dika Artha , Yani Mei Sepri
Published: March 2022

Dampak pandemi yang diiringi dengan perkembangan teknologi menuntut diterapkannya pembelajaran secara virtual. Namun hal ini harus dibarengi dengan munculnya inovasi dalam pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran interaktif berupa Game Edukasi Matematika Bilangan Bulat (Gema Bilbul) sebagai inovasi pembelajaran di era virtual. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan mengadopsi langkah-langkah Borg and Gall. Berdasarkan hasil validasi oleh tiga validator yang terdiri dari 2 ahli dalam bidang pendidikan matematika dan 1 ahli dalam bidang teknologi informasi diperoleh bahwa media pembelajaran Gema Bilbul dinyatakan valid. Uji coba Gema Bilbul dilaksanakan di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Pringsewu dan diperoleh hasil angket respon siswa sebesar 75,5% dengan kriteria baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Gema Bilbul layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran matematika di era virtual
NEW ONSET OF NAIL PSORIASIS AFTER MRNA COVID-19 VACCINE: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria., Gospodinova Klimentina , Gospodinov Dimitar ,   Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria.
Published: March 2022

Currently in Bulgaria the two messenger RNA vaccines used to vaccinate the population against COVID-19 are Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (COMIRNATY) and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine. We present a case of a patient with palmoplantar form of psoriasis (in remission in the last 2 years), who has an attack of psoriasis of the nails, which began two weeks after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. Within the next two months, onychopathy of the nails of the ten fingers developed with the manifestation of almost all known psoriatic changes in the nail bed and nail matrix. The toenails are not affected. Topical therapy with calcipotriol/betamethasone ointment under occlusive dressings was prescribed for two months. The monitoring continues.
CLINICAL DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS AT CONCOMITANT HYPO-HYPERDONTIA
Authors:   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria., Yordanova-Kostova Greta R. , Grancharov Mario V. ,   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria., Gurgurova Gergana D. ,   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The low frequency of concomitant hypo-hyperdontia and the lack of established clinical protocols in treatment are our motives to analyse our experience in three different clinical cases and derive principles of clinical behaviour. Material and methods: Analysis of the documentation of the 2886 patients, from which three clinical cases were with CHH: case 1 – agenesis of the second upper primary molars and hyperdontia of the upper left lateral; case 2 – Hyperdontia of the upper primary and permanent left lateral and hypodontia of the lower left second premolar; case 3 - two supernumerary (left and right) canines and hypodontia of the lower right second premolar. Results: From all the patients diagnosed and treated by us, hypodontia was found in 7.38% (excluding third molar hypodontia); hyperdontia in 1.9% and only 0.1% have concomitant hypo-hyperdontia. In the three patients, hyperdontia occurs in the frontal segment, and the phenomenon of hypodontia covers the distal segments. Discussion: Following the treatment plans of all three clinical cases, the following stereotype is required as a treatment approach: Solving the problem of hyperdontia (extraction); Levelling dental arches; Solving the problem of hypodontia - placement of implants or closing the space; Retention. In practice, it is found that the solution starts with a relatively smaller problem - hyperdontia, especially in cases where we have access to these teeth. The more serious obstacle is hypodontia, which, if unilateral, leads to disruption of the occlusal ratios. Conclusion: CHH is a rare problem, and the treatment is long, and its favourable outcome depends on early diagnosis.
INFLUENCE OF THE PRODUCT FURIA ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS AND FRUITS OF LONG PEPPER GROWN IN SOLARIUM
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture, APOSTOL F.D , DINU MARIA ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture, DRAGU R.C. ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Agriculture,, GIUGEA NICOLAE ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture
Published: March 2022

Furia is a product of plant origin, easily assimilated by cultivated plants. It is composed of organic nitrogen, organic carbon of plant origin, potassium oxide and fulvic acid. The experiment performed in a cold solarium had as objective the influence of this product on the main morphological characteristics of long pepper plants and fruits. The results obtained showed a positive influence of the product on the growth in height of pepper plants, the increase in fruit length and diameter and the increase in the average number of fruits per plant. The biofertilizer is accredited for use in organic horticulture.
DEFINITION OF CLIMATIC AND OENOCLIMATE TRAITS FOR THE VINE CULTURE IN THE JIDVEI WINE-GROWING CENTER
Authors:   UNIVERSITY OF CRAIOVA, FACULTY OF HORTICULTURE, BACIU ROPAN LIANA-MARIA , GIUGEA NICOLAE ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture, MĂRĂCINEANU LIVIU ,   UNIVERSITY OF CRAIOVA, FACULTY OF HORTICULTURE, HORȘIA CLAUDIA-ADRIANA ,   SC JIDVEI SRL, RESEARCH DEPARTMENT, ȘIMON ALINA ,   AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STATION TURDA
Published: March 2022

The position of the Jidvei wine-growing center in climatic terms is favorable to its geographical location, 45°57' and 46°32' north latitude, 23°52' and 24°48' east longitude, at an altitude of 379 m, where the vine cultivation fulfills the best economic conditions. The summary of this work, from 2010 to 2020, shows that the Jidvei wine-growing center is part of the wine-growing zone A1 (Teodorescu Stt., and its collaborators, 1987), which has specific climatic characteristics for the production of only high quality white and aromatic wines, and in very favorable years also red quality wines. The raifall, insolation and temperature are in normal and favorable parameters for viticulture. The values of the heliothermal index (Ihr=1,83), the hydrothermal coefficient (CH=1,41) and the bioclimatic wine index (Ibcv=5,07) show that they are within the optimal values for viticulture in Romania. The index of oenological fitness (IAOe=4220,51) shows that the most favorable conditions for high-quality white and aromatic wines have been achieved in this winegrowing center and that, in some years, favorable average conditions for red quality wines have been achieved. There are enough arguments that define the qualities of climate friendliness and oenological favoritism in the Jidvei wine center.
COMPOUND NATURAL SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS AND HUMUS FOR PLANTS AND SOIL
Authors:   INMA Bucharest, Romania, PĂUN ANIŞOARA , OLAN MIHAI ,   INMA Bucharest, Romania, STROESCU GHEORGHE ,   INMA Bucharest, Romania
Published: March 2022

Composting is the biological decomposition of biodegradable solid waste under controlled conditions in a state that is sufficiently stable to allow trouble-free storage and handling and that is satisfactorily matured for safe use in agriculture. When mineral fertilizers are not available or are too expensive, compost is the most important source to provide plant nutrients and adjust soil condition. Many people today appreciate compost as a natural source of nutrients and humus. The paper will present the partial results obtained in a research project in which a biohumus loosening plant was based and built. The use of the biohumus loosening plant aims to adjust the natural decomposition process, ensure good conditions for the composting process, especially air (oxygen), water, and a good composition of the material introduced into the piles, and monitor them for get a quality product.
THE STUDY OF ACCLIMATIZATION OF GRAPES OF MEDITERRANEAN ORIGIN TO THE WEATHER CONDITIONS OF THE WINE-GROWING REGIONS OF SEGARCEA
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture, CĂPRUCIU RAMONA , DODOCIOIU ANA MARIA ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture, GIUGEA NICOLAE ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture
Published: March 2022

This study was carried out during 2019-2020 on plots belonging to the wine-growing areas of Segarcea, famous wine areas in point of extracting red wine with remarkable qualities in the south of the country. The significance of the work consists in improving the useful climate of the wi ne area of Segarcea by introducing into the culture beside black grapes varieties, renowned varieties like Feteascăneagră, Merlot, CabernetSauvignon, Pinot noir, etc., other grape varieties of Mediteranean origin, such as Syrah and Marselan. The aim is to rigorously monitor the weather conditions with a direct impact on the soils with a production potential, observing the dynamics of its establishment and maturation index for each variety during the period studied
RESEARCH ON ESTABLISHING ECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY IN JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE CULTURE
Authors:   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni, CIUCIUC ELENA , DRĂGHICI RETA ,   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni, DRĂGHICI IULIAN ,   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni
Published: March 2022

In the period 2018-2020. within RDSFCSS Dabuleni, from Romania, 4 planting epochs were studied and 2 harvest epochs. Determinations were made on the number of tubers/plant, the average weight of a tuber and the production per unit area. Regardless of the planting epoch both the number of tubers/plant and the average weight of a tuber was higher in the plants harvested after 29 weeks after planting. The highest production of tubers was obtained by planting Jerusalem artichoke between April 15-25 and harvested after 29 weeks. In this variant. the production was 66.02 t / ha. corresponding to a number of 45.9 tubers / plant. with an average weight of 47.8 g / tuber.
RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DENSITY ON BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE GROWN ON SANDY SOILS
Authors:   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni, DIMA MILICA , DRĂGHICI RETA ,   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni, CIUCIUC ELENA ,   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni
Published: March 2022

Jerusalem artichoke is a species with high production potential, resistance to diseases and pests, with good tolerance to variations in climatic factors. Research conducted showed that the highest production of above-ground biomass of 64779 kg / ha was obtained at a planting distance of 40 cm between plants in a row. Analyzing the interaction between the studied factors (planting density x fertilization doses) on the production of fresh tubers, it is found that the distance of 40 cm between plants / row and the level of fertilization of N120P120 K80 ensured the highest production of 41671 kg / ha fresh tubers / ha, not statistically insured.
RESULTS REGARDING ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE ATTACK OF THE PATHOGEN UNCINULA NECATOR IN THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE YEAR 2021,IN THE SEGARCEAS WINE FARM-ARCHDIOCESE CRAIOVA,DOLJ COUNTY
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture, DUMITRIU DIANA GRETA , MITREA RODI ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture
Published: March 2022

The Archdiocese of Craiova cultivated 40 ha with vines within in the locality of Segarcea the main varieties being both varieties for Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Romanian Tămâioasă and Chardonnay.The phytopathogenic agent of the wine Uncinula necator,was monitored in terms of the evolution of the attack on the crop,in correlation with the climatic conditions and the way of reaction of the varieties to the attack of the phytopathogen was observed. The National Phytosanitary Authority,through the Dolj Phytosanitary Office,in the climatic conditions of year 2021,issued warning bulletins based on the basic criteria:biological,phenological and ecological of the vine.
THE MANAGEMENT OF APPLIED FERTILIZERS AND NUTRITIONAL SPACE ON THE YIELD’S CAPACITY ON JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE
Authors:   University of Craiova. Faculty of Agronomy, MATEI GHEORGHE , PARASCHIVU MIRELA ,   University of Craiova. Faculty of Agronomy, DIMA MILICA ,   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni
Published: March 2022

The literature is relatively poor in data on the fertilization of Jerusalem artichoke and especially the optimization of this technological stage which is not always correlated with the nutritional space of plants in order to obtain higher amount of fresh biomass or tubers. Although Jerusalem artichoke is promoted as a crop with low requirements for soil fertility, it reacts very well to both types of mineral fertilization and especially on applied organic fertilizer. In this paper we highlight the main levels of mineral fertilization corelated with plant’s density which show us that in the tested conditions of argic chernozem from ARDS Caracal we obtained the most valuable yields of fresh biomass at variant where we applied N120P120K80 in the conditions of 50 cm between plants/row. The highest level of fresh biomass was 55.1 t/ha and the underground tubers production was almost 28 t/ha
DRĂGĂȘANI VINEYARD DISPLAYS FAVORABLE CLIMATE CONDITIONS FOR THE GROWING OF VINE VARIETIES THAT ARE GRAPE-PRODUCING INTENDED FOR FRESH CONSUMPTION
Authors:   Faculty of Horticulture, University of Craiova, VĂRZARU CRISTI
Published: March 2022

In the researches made on the climatic offer from the Drăgășani vineyards, analysed during the period 2010 - 2020, I discover that its miraculously shaped by nature terrain, with an infinite variety of shapes, slopes and exhibitions and with a contented dosed scale of altitudes; the most favourable basic climatic features, marked particularly by the absence of any excesses or insufficiencies; its location along the Olt river valley, which ensures an easy, permanent movement of the air, always disposing of a good humidity even in July - August, the warmest months - all these are natural conditions that decided that the most gifted and sweet Romanian and foreign varieties to find in Drăgășani the most favourable environment to fully express the breadth of their skills. This is the place of origin for many local vine varieties, producing grapes for wine or for fresh consumption
USE OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Authors:   National Research and Development Institute for Soil Science, Agro-chemistry and Environment Protection-RISSA, Bucharest, CIOROIANU TRAIAN , SIRBU CARMEN ,   National Research and Development Institute for Soil Science, Agro-chemistry and Environment Protection-RISSA, Bucharest, MIHALACHE DANIELA ,   National Research and Development Institute for Soil Science, Agro-chemistry and Environment Protection-RISSA, Bucharest
Published: March 2022

It is known to be a real challenge to find sustainable alternatives for the use of mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen-based ones. This is a legal requirement in organic farming. Organic sources have a low concentration of nitrogen but have the advantage that they come from a renewable source and are found along with other compounds that have positive effects on plant nutrition. Protein hydrolysates(PHs) can improve agricultural production in terms of quality and quantity by enhancing seed germination, root development and nutrient uptake and can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used. This paper presents data from the literature on the use of protein hydrolysates as a source of nitrogen for crop fertilization.
THE PRELIMINARY RESULTS REGARDING THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME CURRANT CULTIVARS ON THE SANDY SOILS FROM THE SOUTH OF OLTENIA
Authors:   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni, NETCU FLORENTINA , TITIRICA IRINA ,   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni, DIMA MILICA ,   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni
Published: March 2022

The currant is an rustic species, with a high biological potential, able of yielding 5-8 tons / ha. It grows wildly in mountainous areas of Europe (Alps, Carpathians), Asia and North America. The currant is one of the most widespread shrubs in cultivation in our country. The production results were better for the black currant compared to the red currant. In the study period, from all studied red currant cultivars, the Detvan cultivar was highligth with 2.9 t/ha yield. For the black currant cultivars the yield was much higher versus to the red currants yield, being between 3.0 t/ha to Poli 51 cultivar and 4.6 t / ha to Tisel cultivar.
THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CONDITIONS ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF SOME POTATO LINES TESTED IN CULTURE ON SANDY SOILS FROM SOUTHERN OLTENIA
Authors:   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni, PARASCHIV ALINA-NICOLETA , DIACONU AURELIA ,   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni, DRAGOMIR-MEREANȚU CRISTINA ,   Research-Development Sation for Field Crops on Sandys Soils Dabuleni
Published: March 2022

In this paper are presented the results regarding the biochemical composition of the 7 potato lines studied at Dăbuleni ResearchDevelopment Station for Plant Culture on Sands in conditions of thermohydric stress. The obtained results highlighted differentiations depending on the genotype and depending on the climatic conditions of the 2 years of study (2020-2021). A high content of total dry matter, above the average of 22.87% presented 4 of the 7 potato lines studied, the highest values being recorded at line L 1901/11 (27.09%). Starch, the main biochemical component of potato tubers, showed values between 12.86% in 2020 and 13.08% in 2021, the highest average values of starch content in tubers being determined in line L 1895/1. The vitamin C content was higher in all the lines studied in the climatic conditions of 2021 year.
Đặc điểm dịch tễ, lâm sàng của bệnh nhân nhiễm Rickettsia tại một số bệnh viện khu vực đồng bằng sông Cửu Long từ tháng 5/2018 đến tháng 10/2019
Authors: Hậu Hoàng Thị , Trung Nguyễn Vũ , Hội Lê Thị
Published: March 2022

Rickettsia là căn nguyên gây bệnh Rickettsioses - một bệnh truyền nhiễm cấp tính, có thể gây dịch, lâytruyền qua động vật chân đốt (ve, mò, bọ chét, chấy, rận). Bệnh có biểu hiện lâm sàng đa dạng nhưng khôngđặc hiệu phụ thuộc vào từng loài Rickettsia nên dễ bị bỏ sót hoặc nhầm lẫn trong chẩn đoán. Rickettsia làcác thành viên thuộc hai chi Rickettsia và Orientia của họ Rickettsiaceae. Chẩn đoán xác định Rickettsiahiện nay chủ yếu dựa vào kỹ thuật huyết thanh học và PCR. Các nghiên cứu về bệnh do Rickettsia đã đượctiến hành tại Việt Nam tuy nhiên còn tập trung chủ yếu ở khu vực miền Bắc và miền Trung. Do vậy, chúngtôi tiến hành nghiên cứu này nhằm mục tiêu xác định tỷ lệ nhiễm Rickettsia tại một số bệnh viện khu vựcđồng bằng sông Cửu Long và mô tả một số đặc điểm dịch tễ, lâm sàng của bệnh nhân. Nghiên cứu sửdụng kỹ thuật Realtime PCR với cặp mồi đặc hiệu và thu được kết quả như sau: trong 131 bệnh nhân sốtcấp tính có 38 trường hợp nhiễm Rickettsia (29,01%). Trong đó 35/131 (26,72%) bệnh nhân nhiễm sốt mò,1/131 (0,76%) bệnh nhân nhiễm sốt phát ban do bọ chét chuột truyền, và số bệnh nhân nhiễm sốt dịch tễ là2/131 (1,52%). Nhiễm Rickettsia gặp ở nữ nhiều hơn nam (55,3% và 44,7%), đa số bệnh nhân sống ở vùngnông thôn (73,7%), nghề nghiệp hay gặp là nông dân (47,4%), bệnh thường gặp vào tháng 7, 8 trong năm.Triệu chứng cơ năng thường gặp sốt (100%), đau đầu (97,4%), vết loét - eschar (84,2%), đau cơ (63,2%)…
Nghiên cứu giá trị điểm cắt của NT-ProBNP huyết tương trong chẩn đoán suy tim ở trẻ em
Authors: Vinh Ngô Anh , Hoà Phạm Hữu
Published: March 2022

Nghiên cứu tìm điểm cắt tối ưu của nồng độ NT-ProBNP huyết tương trong chẩn đoán suy tim ở trẻ em.136 trẻ suy tim từ 1 tháng đến 15 tuổi và 272 trẻ khoẻ mạnh có cùng giới tính và tuổi được khám tại Bệnhviện Nhi Trung ương. Định lượng nồng độ NT-ProBNP huyết tương và xác định điểm cắt tối ưu của nồng độNT-ProBNP trong chẩn đoán suy tim. Nồng độ NT-ProBNP của nhóm suy tim cao hơn nhóm không suy timcó ý nghĩa thống kê, p < 0,001. Điểm cắt của nồng độ NT-ProBNPlà 314,5 pg/ml có giá trị chẩn đoán suytim với độ nhạy là 88,2%, độ đặc hiệu là 66,7% và diện tích dưới đường cong là 0,81. Điểm cắt của nồng độNT-ProBNP là 314,5 pg/ml là điểm cắt có giá trị tối ưu chẩn đoán suy tim cho trẻ em từ 1 tháng đến 15 tuổi.
Sự hài lòng của sinh viên năm thứ nhất, Trường Đại học Y Hà Nội trong khám sức khỏe răng miệng năm 2021
Authors: Ngọc Võ Trương Như , Thành Trần Tiến , Thảo Giáp Thị Thu , Yến Ngô Thị Bảo , Tới Phùng Lâm , Hạnh Khúc Thị Hồng , Duy Hoàng Bảo , Việt Đỗ Hoàng
Published: March 2022

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện nhằm mô tả tỷ lệ hài lòng của sinh viên năm thứ nhấtTrường Đại học Y Hà Nội đối với dịch vụ khám, chữa bệnh răng miệng tại Viện Đào tạo Răng Hàm MặtĐại học Y Hà Nội và tìm hiểu một số yếu tố liên quan. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện trên 96 sinh viên nămthứ nhất của Trường Đại học Y Hà Nội từ tháng 3 đến tháng 4 năm 2021. Sau khi kết thúc quá trình khám,chữa nha khoa tại Trung tâm Kỹ Thuật Cao, khám chữa bệnh Răng Hàm Mặt Viện Đào tạo Răng Hàm Mặt,đối tượng được mời tham gia nghiên cứu. Tỷ lệ hài lòng đối với dịch vụ khám, chữa nha khoa được thuthập bằng bộ câu hỏi Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) đã được sử dụng trong một nghiên cứu ởViệt Nam và đã được chỉnh sửa cho phù hợp với đối tượng này. Chúng tôi thu được kết quả: tỷ lệ bệnhnhân hài lòng với các yếu tố trong bảng câu hỏi DSQ đều chiếm hơn 80%. Sinh viên đã từng đi khám nhakhoa có điểm hài lòng cao hơn nhóm chưa từng khám nha khoa (Coef. = 0,05, 95%CI: 0,01 - 0,38). Tómlại, hầu hết người bệnh hài lòng hoặc rất hài lòng với dịch vụ chăm sóc Nha khoa được cung cấp tại Viện.Bên cạnh đó, trải nghiệm Nha khoa được tìm thấy có mối liên quan chặt chẽ với sự hài lòng của bệnh nhân.
Thực trạng tuân thủ điều trị của người bệnh tâm thần phân liệt tại huyện Ứng Hòa, thành phố Hà Nội
Authors: Chi Lý Thị Kim , Tuấn Nguyễn Văn
Published: March 2022

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định tỷ lệ tuân thủ điều trị của người bệnh tâm thần phân liệt điềutrị ngoại trú tại huyện Ứng Hòa, thành phố Hà Nội. Thiết kế nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện từtháng 7 năm 2020 đến hết tháng 7 năm 2021 trên 230 người bệnh tâm thần phân liệt. Kết quả cho thấy 39,6%người bệnh tuân thủ điều trị tốt, 20,4% người bệnh tuân thủ điều trị trung bình và 40,0% người bệnh tuân thủkém. Cần có nhiều nghiên cứu hơn để tìm hiểu nguyên nhân dẫn đến không tuân thủ điều trị của người bệnh.
Education 4.0: Some Reflections, Perspectives and Paradigms
Authors: Souza Sweder
Published: March 2022

The reality of the old school is getting more and more distant from the current students. In this sense, it is essential to think about placing the school within an advanced technology process, placing the school within the world, placing itself within this contemporary context, especially within the current context, within the demands, the agenda of the world, although we know that the difficulties exist and we have many different realities in Brazil. In this sense, we seek to draw an overview of what this Education 4.0 would be, what its precepts, its socio-historical context of production, in order to weave reflections on the topic discussed here and so that it can serve as a theoretical-analytical mapping for understanding and future research on the topic.