bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green curriculum in vocational studies for responsible tourism
Authors: Utari S K D , Mardiastuti A , Wahyudin D , Sunkar A
Published: July 2024

The travel, tourist, and hospitality industries have a large carbon footprint, so high school graduates must learn ethical tourism skills. Tourism’s future expansion, administration, and enjoyment depend on these graduates. Curriculum determines these abilities’ content. Due to its lack of emphasis on environmental preservation and morality, the current curriculum lacks environmental awareness and understanding. The objective of this study is to provide a clear understanding and enlightenment on the significance of incorporating an environmentally friendly curriculum in professional education. This research emphasises a green curriculum by including ecology and environment into education. It hopes to improve students’ understanding, potential, and sense of responsibility for the environment’s long-term survival. The research was conducted in two vocational high schools, which the government has designated as excellence centres. The study used direct observation, semi-structured interviews, questionnaire-based interviews, and a literature review. The study emphasises the significance of incorporating conservation education into vocational high school autonomous curricula to improve pedagogical integration and curriculum innovation. If environmental issues are taught, a generation with great ecological literacy will result.
Solid waste generation in selected Indonesian nature tourism parks and the proposed management strategies
Authors: Yuwono A S , Harnowo H , Batubara E R P , Wijianto A , Joharudin  , Kadyonggo E
Published: July 2024

Natural tourism parks are one place where visitors generate solid waste from their diverse activities. The purpose of this study is to develop an effective solid waste management plan for Indonesian natural tourist attractions. The preparation of the management strategy is based on the identification and classification of waste generation following national standards [SNI 19-3694-1994]; the outcomes take the form of data describing the percentage of most of the solid waste generation and its quantity. The appropriate treatment system alternatives are developed based on the nature and identity of the waste, and the best solution is then chosen by taking resource availability into account. The 20 natural tourism parks that were investigated had acceptable management practices that included processing (separation, transportation, processing, and final treatment) and reduction (generation restriction, recycling, and reuse). The organic portion of solid waste can be turned into commercial compost and protein feed, depending on the type of waste, while the inorganic portion can be transformed into fuel and concrete aggregate. Travelers should follow national waste management standards, which begin with prevention and continue via reduction, reuse, recycling, and other measures. Segregated waste will make the next waste management stage easier in the national park area.
Community readiness in the development of tourism products in Tamansari Village, Bogor Regency
Authors: Hanifah N , Rachmawati E , Hidayati S
Published: July 2024

Tamansari Village has been designated as a tourist village by the Bogor District Government. There are tourism products that the community offers. However, these products have yet to be able to support tourism development in the village because their quality still needs to improve in terms of variety and packaging. In this regard, it is necessary to identify factors that hinder product development in the village, including the community’s readiness to develop good tourism products. The research aims to analyze community readiness in developing tourism products. The research was conducted in Tamansari Village, Bogor Regency, in May-June 2022. Data was collected from 164 respondents through surveys. The research results show that most respondents (57%) want to be involved in developing tourism products, but less than 50% have knowledge (27.5%) and have abilities to develop tourism product development. As an implication, stakeholders need to make empowerment efforts to increase the knowledge and abilities of the Tamansari village community in developing good quality tourism products.
The role of social capital and individual competence on community resilience of the tourism industry against climate change
Authors: Idajati H , Damanik J , Kusworo H A , Rindrasih E
Published: July 2024

Climate change threatens the sustainability of tourism destinations characterized by increase frequency of flooding, coastal erosion, and ecosystem changes that result in infrastructure damage or decreased aesthetics of tourism destinations. This research aims to develop a conceptual model of community resilience to climate change based on two construct variables: social capital and individual competencies needed to strengthen tourism resilience to climate change in Gili Ketapang Island and Cacalan Beach. A quantitative approach was used by administering a questionnaire to 128 randomly selected respondents (tourism industry stakeholders) in coastal destinations in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using SEM-PLS to develop the model. The results showed that social capital and individual competence has a significant effect on the resilience of tourism community towards climate change in coastal tourist destinations. Social capital, including social networks and trust also has a significant effect on individual competence. Individual competence plays a mediating role in the influence of social capital on community resilience. Increased social capital and individual competence will strengthen community resilience. These findings can be applied to develop more appropriate resilience programs for tourism industry communities against climate change in the form of policies, training, and/or socialization to support the sustainability of tourism destinations.
Prospect of the high conservation value areas as tourisms destination in the oil palm plantation, Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ramlah S , Santosa Y , Ihsan M , Reinaldi
Published: July 2024

The role of HCV areas in biodiversity conservation in oil palm plantations is immensely significant in preserving the sustainability of both plant and animal life. It is evident through environmental impact mitigation efforts by designating HCV areas in plantations established before the assignment of high conservation value (HCV) and High Carbon Stock (HCS) areas. This research aims to assess the tourism prospects within the HCV areas of oil palm plantations in Pasangkayu Regency. The research methodology employed was qualitative-descriptive to determine how to search, collect, process, and analyze the research data. The analysis method used was a scoring method based on guidelines for Operational Area Analysis of Natural Tourism Objects and Attractions (known as ADO-ODTWA) by the Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (known as Dirjen PHKA) in 2003. The research findings indicated several potential destinations within the HCV areas of Pasangkayu Regency’s oil palm plantations, including observation of endemic flora and fauna, hiking activities, and exploration of natural caves. Based on the Analysis of Object and Natural Tourism Attraction Area (ADO-ODTWA) results, the feasibility level obtained was 68.40%, indicating its suitability for development.
Examining the consequences of tourism development on the habitat of Komodo dragons in Labuan Bajo
Authors: Mahmud A , Kusrini M D , Mardiastuti A , Prasetyo L B
Published: July 2024

Since Komodo National Park became the New Seven Wonders of the World in 2012, Labuan Bajo has become a popular tourist attraction and experienced tourists’ visits, especially with the Government’s decision to make West Manggarai Regency a world-class destination in 2020. The increase has adversely affected the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) habitat on Flores Island, particularly Labuan Bajo and surroundings. This study aimed to assess the use and change of land cover (LULC) of Labuan Bajo’s Komodo habitat and its surroundings, using MLC in ArcGIS 10.3 and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). Of the total 40,275 ha, 9,109 ha are highly suitable for Komodo habitat while 31,161 ha are low-suitable; most situated at 0-300 m above sea level. The tourism development area encompasses 11,225 ha, with an overlap of 7,104.67 ha with the dragon’s habitat. The 2016-2020 land cover analysis showed the conversion of 114,875.40 ha secondary dry forest to agriculture and settlements, reducing the area to 111,739.97 ha. Komodo’s habitat is intersected by Golo Mori tourism area and a 7.5-km road to Golo Mori as the established infrastructure developments. The conservation of Komodo, corridors, and buffer zones requires that tourism development in Labuan Bajo and surroundings aligned with Komodo conservation efforts.
The potential of HCV areas as ecotourism destinations: preliminary identification in Sumatra oil palm plantation
Authors: Santosa Y , Kwatrina R T
Published: July 2024

Indonesia is the largest palm oil-producing country, with a plantation area of 16.38 million hectares. Only a little is known about the prospects for the value of environmental services from oil palm plantations, partly due to the assumption that oil palm plantations harm the environment and biodiversity. RSPO and ISPO certification are efforts to reduce the negative impacts caused by oil palm plantations. High Conservation Value (HCV) is one of the requirements for RSPO certification to create sustainable oil palm plantations. Amid climate change mitigation efforts, remnant forests such as HCV areas can potentially have environmental service values as ecological tourism. We analyze data and information from several oil palm plantations in Sumatra and identify potential HCV areas of oil palm plantations as unique interest ecotourism objects, especially mammals that are known as charismatic and interesting tourism objects and destinations. We found that the HCV area of oil palm plantations in Sumatra has a significant potential for environmental service value to be developed as a wildlife-based ecotourism (WBE) destination. This effort is beneficial economically, ecologically, and socially.
The value of a strong national brand to cultural heritage and sustainable tourism (Case study: building the Thai brand image through the world expositions)
Authors: Intaraboonsom N , Chapman W , Tangpoonsupsiri T
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses some of the research done for my PhD thesis at the faculty of architecture of Silpakorn University in Bangkok, Thailand. The thesis is titled Nation Brand Strategies: National Identity, Architecture and Cultural Heritage Value: A case study of the Thai Pavilion at the World Expos. It includes the review of Thailand’s history of place branding at World Expositions since 1862. This paper discusses the changes over time, the role of architecture and cultural heritage at the World Expos as well as branding strategies using national culture and the long history of sustainable goals at the World Expos. One of the main potential brand gaps identified was the choice of traditional Thai architecture instead of more contemporary architecture for the pavilions. A suggested solution is to this gap is use the symbolic elements of the traditional architecture, but use modern physical elements. An important conclusion drawn is that the World Expo is mostly a branding event to attract visitors to the country, rather than an architecture or technology show, despite its long history and origins in that area. World Expositions can help to earn respect of potential visitors for the culture, and help with preservation.
Overtourism in Goa: Analyzing the resident’s perception using social Exchange theory
Authors: Philkhana R , Khan A A
Published: July 2024

The externalities of excess tourism development at a destination have become more and more visible over the last one decade, evolving themselves into anti-tourism movements in famous tourist destination such as: Venice, Dubrovnik, Santorini, Barcelona and Amsterdam. The increasing number of such protests accompanied with wide media coverage have led the tourism stakeholders to look for measures to control and optimize tourism development at a destination. The major impact bearers of overtourism are the residents of a destination so in this research a questionnaire is used to analyse the perception of the residents of small coastal state of Goa in India about overtourism. The concept of Social Exchange theory was applied and verified from the responses which states that people are willing to accept tourists if they are being benefited from them in the form of community development or improvement in quality of life. This finding suggests that there is a need for destination planners to focus on initiatives that actively contribute to community development, cultural conservation and enhance residents’ quality of life. The findings also emphasize the importance of transparent communication and involving local communities in planning to foster a mutually beneficial relationship between tourists and residents, as well as cultural restoration, ultimately promoting sustainable tourism practices. This study provides inputs to stakeholders for directing future tourism policies and exchanges.
A sustainable tourism pedagogy quadrant for transformative education: A student perspective
Authors: Ruiz M U
Published: July 2024

Global frameworks like the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development have advocated education for sustainable development or integrating fundamental sustainability themes in all teaching and learning, for decades. Higher education institutions may improve sustainable development by helping students recognise and comprehend sustainability issues' complexity. However, several authors cited the lack of sustenance within sustainability curricula and pedagogies in higher education, that negates the need for individual students to think, transform, and make sound judgments. This study sought to address the gap in preparing pupils to be socially responsible citizens. Descriptive research was used to determine the perceptions of tourism students on how Sustainable Tourism Pedagogy (STP) utilized and gain insights on the study. The study concluded that variety of teaching methods helps students undertake different learning processes, to grow as learners, and enhancing their skills and capacities to learn while addressing issues. The study proposed a new model framework for pedagogical learning strategies that may be used in sustainable tourism education as “Sustainable Tourism Pedagogical Quadrant” (STPQ). This study is limited because the sample size only represent one institution. Future researchers may replicate the study using the proposed STPQ to assess how sustainable tourism pedagogy utilized by the institution.
The meaning and function congcot – a rice cone in the ritual of life Baduy outer community, Banten Province
Authors: Krisnadi A R , Tirtadidjadja A , Ardiansyah I
Published: July 2024

Tumpeng is a traditional food that is almost always served during ceremonies or rituals in the community’s traditions. The Baduy, also referred to as the Kanekes, are an indigenous community residing in the western region of Java, Indonesia. Renowned for their distinctive lifestyle, the Baduy people strongly uphold traditional customs and beliefs as a core aspect of their identity. This research aims to understand the meaning and role of tumpeng congcot within the context of the cultural and spiritual life of the Outer Baduy community, particularly in the ceremonies of expressing gratitude towards respected elders or individuals within the community. The research methodology used is qualitative research using ethnography art and science of describing a group or culture. The findings of this study indicate that the Outer Baduy tribe utilizes tumpeng or congcot in their life ritual ceremonies as a gesture of gratitude, particularly towards the elder members or those held in high regard within the community.
Ethnobotany and traditional medicine as educational tourism
Authors: Pratama H Z A , Hikmat A , Hidayati S
Published: July 2024

The traditional wisdom of the people of Kampung Adat Miduana in utilizing plant resources as medicine is something that needs to be studied to remain sustainable. Educational tourism of medicinal plants can be an alternative to reduce the loss of knowledge about traditional medicinal plants and threats to diversity in it. The purpose of this study is to identify the types, benefits, and processing methods as well as local wisdom regarding the use of medicinal plants in the Miduana Traditional Village community. The data collection methods used were literature studies, field surveys, and interviews. The data analysis used was the characteristics of respondents, characteristics of medicinal plants, grouping of diseases, as well as the potential for sustainable management and conservation status of medicinal plants. Based on the results of the study, there are 106 plant species belonging to 47 families. The processing of these plants mostly uses the boiled method and found some herbs by boiling method. Local wisdom found in the community of Kampung Adat Miduana in the form of herbs and traditional medicine using leuhang and the system of inheriting knowledge from generation to generation and using the karuhun system.
Exploring sustainable work orientation among tourist guides: how does it affect their intention to stay
Authors: Ng Y P , Dousin O , Kler B K
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to understand the relationship between work orientation (job, career, and calling), and intention to stay (ITS) among tourist guides (TGs). Based on an online survey of 153 TGs in Sabah, this study performed partial least square structural equation modelling using SmartPLS 4.0 analysis to test the hypotheses. Findings indicate that job and career were positively related to ITS. Furthermore, calling mediated the relationship between job and career with ITS. Theoretically, this study provides an integrative view of the influence of work orientation on ITS by accounting for their interactive effects. Practically, this study is beneficial to show tourism policymakers how to secure valuable TGs employment. Additionally, the study provides the basis for tour operators to design effective human resource strategies to increase the motivation of professional TGs.
Anisotropic effects in two-dimensional materials
Authors: Rudenko Alexander N , Katsnelson Mikhail I
Published: July 2024

Among a huge variety of known two-dimensional (2D) materials, some of them have anisotropic crystal structures; examples include different systems such as a few-layer black phosphorus (phosphorene), beryllium nitride BeN4, the van der Waals magnet CrSBr, and rhenium dichalcogenides ReX2. As a consequence, their optical and electronic properties are highly anisotropic as well. In some cases, the anisotropy results in not only smooth renormalization of observable properties in comparison with the isotropic case, but in the appearance of dramatically new physics. The examples are hyperbolic plasmons and excitons, strongly anisotropic ordering of adatoms at the surface of 2D or van der Waals materials, and essential changes in transport and superconducting properties. Here, we present a systematic review of the electronic structure, transport, and optical properties of several representative groups of anisotropic 2D materials, including semiconductors, anisotropic Dirac and semi-Dirac materials, and superconductors.
Unravelling the origin of thermal anisotropy in PdSe2
Authors: Xu Kai , Armesto Luis Martínez , Světlík Josef , Sierra Juan F , Marinova Vera , Dimitrov Dimitre , Goñi Alejandro R , Krysztofik Adam , Graczykowski Bartlomiej , Rurali Riccardo , Valenzuela Sergio O , Reparaz Juan Sebastián
Published: July 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) materials featuring anisotropic structural, vibrational, and thermal properties offer new and exciting opportunities to enable efficient energy conversion and thermal management. Beyond the most apparent anisotropy in 2D materials, due to distinct in-plane and out-of-plane (intralayer and interlayer) thermal transport, certain systems also present in-plane thermal anisotropy, whose origin may be more subtle. Here, we report on the vibrational and thermal properties of PdSe2 crystals, obtaining the complete (diagonal) elements of the thermal conductivity tensor (κ
ij
), and their low-frequency (GHz, Brillouin) and high-frequency (THz, Raman) lattice vibrations. Remarkably, we observe substantial anisotropy for the in-plane directions with

η

y
x

exp

=

κ
y

/

κ
x

=
1.38

. By performing ab initio calculations of the vibrational modes, we demonstrate that this anisotropy arises from the strong lattice anharmonicity. This is reflected by the enhanced coupling between acoustic and low-energy optical branches along the [100] crystallographic direction (x-axis), where vibrational anharmonicity is larger than in the [010] direction (y-axis).
Effects of surface hardening by laser shock peening and shot peening on a nickel-based single-crystal superalloy CMSX-4
Authors: Hakeem Aabid Husen , Morar Nicolau I , Dawson Karl , Tatlock Gordon J , Gibson Grant J , Gray Simon
Published: July 2024

Improving the expected life of nickel-based single-crystal superalloy turbine components by surface hardening treatments including laser shock peening (LSP) and mechanical shot peening (MSP) are of particular interest for mitigation of life limiting damage such as environmental assisted cracking in hot section components of gas turbines. In the present study the effects of LSP and MSP on the surface roughness, microhardness and work hardening of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy CMSX-4® have been assessed. Surface roughness was measured using laser profilometry. The degree of work hardening was measured using electron backscattered diffraction with local misorientation analysis. The analysis showed evidence for a work hardening layer in the MSP sample to a depth of approximately 70 μm. Sets of slip bands extending far into the bulk of the sample were observed in the LSP-treated sample, without any evidence of a work hardening layer. Microhardness measurements used to gauge the depth of residual stress showed that LSP produced a much deeper hardness profile than MSP, with compressive residual stress depths of 1000 μm and 200 μm in LSP and MSP respectively. The retention of hardness after a heat treatment of 50 h at 700 °C was more prominent in the LSP sample than in the MSP sample. LSP and MSP have therefore been shown to be at the opposite ends of the spectrum of surface hardening treatments of CMSX-4, with LSP giving milder hardening, but to a greater depth.
LeichtPRO-profiles: development and validation of novel linear biocomposite structural components fabricated from pultruded natural flax fibres with plant-based resin for sustainable architectural applications
Authors: Spyridonos Evgenia , Gerstner Andreas , Nehmeier Michael , Dahy Hanaa
Published: July 2024

Reconsidering the materials used in construction is crucial within the building industry, particularly in the context of sustainability. Recently, there has been a growing interest in exploring novel materials, with fibre-reinforced composites emerging as a prominent choice with biocomposites standing out as promising for advancing sustainability goals. This paper introduces the development of LeichtPRO-Profiles, continuous linear biocomposite profiles fabricated using the pultrusion technology. A primary focus is the application of these profiles in structural systems as load-bearing elements, emphasising the significance of understanding their mechanical properties. Specifically, an original application involves active-bending structures, necessitating a focus on the material’s bending behaviour. This study discusses the methods employed in developing the pultruded biocomposite profiles which are made from natural flax fibres and an optimised matrix formulation based on a plant-based resin system. This research also outlines the optimisation of the fabrication process of these biocomposite profiles using bio-based ingredients. The results demonstrate the material’s mechanical capabilities through extensive experiments and mechanical tests, revealing a compression strength of 31.2 kN and a flexural strength of 300 MPa, with a bending radius of up to 2.4 m, indicating its suitability for structural applications. Concepts of applications in several systems across different scales and contexts are also presented. The versatility and adaptability of this product make it suitable for a wide range of applications spanning various scales and thematic contexts.
Dysregulation of ceramide metabolism causes phytoceramide-dependent induction of the unfolded protein response
Authors: Rajakumar Tamayanthi , Hossain Md Amin , Stopka Sylwia A. , Micoogullari Yagmur , Ang Jessie , Agar Nathalie Y. R. , Hanna John
Published: July 2024

The unfolded protein response (UPR) detects and mitigates the harmful effects of dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. The UPR has been best characterized as a protein quality control response, and the sole UPR sensor in yeast, Ire1, is known to detect misfolded ER proteins. However, recent work suggests the UPR can also sense diverse defects within the ER membrane, including increased fatty acid saturation and altered phospholipid abundance. These and other lipid-related stimuli have been referred to as lipid bilayer stress and may be sensed independently through Ire1’s transmembrane domain. Here, we show that the loss of Isc1, a phospholipase that catabolizes complex ceramides, causes UPR induction, even in the absence of exogenous stress. A series of chemical and genetic approaches identified a requirement for very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA)-containing phytoceramides for UPR induction. In parallel, comprehensive lipidomics analyses identified large increases in the abundance of specific VLCFA-containing phytoceramides in the isc1Δ mutant. We failed to identify evidence of an accompanying defect in protein quality control or ER-associated protein degradation. These results extend our understanding of lipid bilayer stress in the UPR and provide a foundation for mechanistic investigation of this fascinating intersection between ceramide metabolism, membrane homeostasis, and the UPR.
Cytoplasmic preassembly of the flagellar outer dynein arm complex in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Balasubramaniam Karthika , He Tingting , Chen Helen , Lin Zhewang , He Cynthia Y.
Published: July 2024

The outer dynein arm (ODA) is a large, multimeric protein complex essential for ciliary motility. The composition and assembly of ODA are best characterized in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, where individual ODA subunits are synthesized and preassembled into a mature complex in the cytosol prior to ciliary import. The single-cellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei contains a motile flagellum essential for cell locomotion and pathogenesis. Similar to human motile cilia, T. brucei flagellum contains a two-headed ODA complex arranged at 24 nm intervals along the axonemal microtubule doublets. The subunit composition and the preassembly of the ODA complex in T. brucei, however, have not been investigated. In this study, we affinity-purified the ODA complex from T. brucei cytoplasmic extract . Proteomic analyses revealed the presence of two heavy chains (ODAα and ODAβ), two intermediate chains (IC1and IC2) and several light chains. We showed that both heavy chains and both intermediate chains are indispensable for flagellar ODA assembly. Our study also provided biochemical evidence supporting the presence of a cytoplasmic, preassembly pathway for T. brucei ODA .
Evolving the Role of Black Race in Hypertension Therapeutics
Authors: Flack John M , Bitner Stephanie , Buhnerkempe Michael
Published: July 2024

Black race has been used to guide antihypertensive drug selection for Black patients based on predominant between race (same drug) and intra-race (different drugs) blood pressure (BP) response patterns. Accordingly, thiazide diuretics and calcium antagonists have been recommended over renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (angiotensin-receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) and beta blockers for Black patients. Current antihypertensive drug prescribing reflects historical guidance as calcium antagonists and thiazide diuretics are prescribed more and RAS blockers less in Black than White patients. Hypertension control rates in Blacks, lag those for Whites despite their greater use of combination drug therapy and lesser use of monotherapy. This is also true across drug regimens containing any of the 4 recommended classes for initial therapy as well as for evidence-based combination drug therapy (calcium antagonist or thiazide diuretic + RAS blocker) regimens for which there is no known racial disparity in BP response. Current recommendations acknowledge the need for combination drug therapy in most, especially in Black patients. One exemplary comprehensive hypertension control program achieved >80% control rates in Black and White patients with minimal racial disparity while utilizing a race-agnostic therapeutic algorithm. Black patients manifest robust, if not outsized, BP responses to diet/lifestyle modifications. Importantly, race neither appears to be a necessary nor sufficient consideration for the selection of effective drug therapy. Accordingly, we urge the initiation of adequately intense race-agnostic drug therapy coupled with greater emphasis on diet/lifestyle modifications for Black patients as the cornerstone of a race-informed approach to hypertension therapeutics.
Assessment of Harms Reporting Quality in Randomized Controlled Trials of Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Behroozian Tara , Ripan Victor , Kim Patrick , Yuan Morgan , Gallo Lucas , Ulhman Kathryn , McRae Mark , Podolsky Dale , Ahmad Jamil
Published: July 2024

Background

Rhinoplasty is one of the most common aesthetic plastic surgery procedures. Complications can lead to both aesthetic and functional impairments. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Harms statement was developed to promote improved reporting of harm across randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review is to assess harms reporting quality across RCTs on aesthetic rhinoplasty.

Methods

A literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases (January 1, 2005 to August 4, 2023). RCTs which compared 2 or more interventions in rhinoplasty with primarily aesthetic indications and assessed patient-important outcomes were included. The reporting quality was assessed by following a 40-item checklist endorsed by the 2022 CONSORT Harms Extension update.

Results

A total of 58 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen RCTs addressed harms of treatment in some capacity. Overall, the reporting quality across RCTs was poor, with a median CONSORT Harms score of 33% (range, 16%-83%). A reporting adherence of ≥50% was met by only 8 studies. There was no significant difference in reporting adherence between studies based on journal endorsement of CONSORT or industry vs nonindustry funding sources (P > .05). A high journal impact factor was significantly associated with a higher reporting quality (P = .044).

Conclusions

CONSORT Harms reporting adherence was poor across the majority of included RCTs. Future trials on aesthetic rhinoplasty should aim to follow the reporting recommendations endorsed by the CONSORT Harms statement to increase transparency and minimize heterogeneity in harms reporting across studies.

Level of Evidence: 1
Engineered exosomes as a prospective therapy for diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Guo Lifei , Xiao Dan , Xing Helin , Yang Guodong , Yang Xuekang
Published: July 2024

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), characterized by high recurrence rate, amputations and mortality, poses a significant challenge in diabetes management. The complex pathology involves dysregulated glucose homeostasis leading to systemic and local microenvironmental complications, including peripheral neuropathy, micro- and macro-angiopathy, recurrent infection, persistent inflammation and dysregulated re-epithelialization. Novel approaches to accelerate DFU healing are actively pursued, with a focus on utilizing exosomes. Exosomes are natural nanovesicles mediating cellular communication and containing diverse functional molecular cargos, including DNA, mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), lncRNA, proteins, lipids and metabolites. While some exosomes show promise in modulating cellular function and promoting ulcer healing, their efficacy is limited by low yield, impurities, low loading content and inadequate targeting. Engineering exosomes to enhance their curative activity represents a potentially more efficient approach for DFUs. This could facilitate focused repair and regeneration of nerves, blood vessels and soft tissue after ulcer development. This review provides an overview of DFU pathogenesis, strategies for exosome engineering and the targeted therapeutic application of engineered exosomes in addressing critical pathological changes associated with DFUs.
Strong impact and engraving characteristics of multi-layer metallic materials under a two-stage combustion condition
Authors: Chang Ren-Jiu , Xue Xiao-Chun , Yu Yong-Gang
Published: July 2024

This work is focused on the strong deformation motion mechanism of multi-layer metallic materials under extreme pressure conditions accompanied by a strong impact effect between the projectile composed of multi-layer metallic materials and the steel barrel of the launcher itself. Here, this transient engraving process of the projectile with complicated stress–strain based on a new type of structure and propulsion pattern is firstly studied by proposing a new physical and mathematical model with a coupling of dynamical equations and two-stage combustion ballistic equations. Comparisons of engraving distance of computational results are done with experimental studies, and a reasonable match has been obtained in these comparisons. Further, the thickness effect of the metal jacket of the projectile on the engraving stress and deformation level is analyzed to obtain universal engraving resistance equations. The results have also shown that the projectile's whole transient deformation motion process in the launcher can be divided into three periods due to the initial slide impact effect under the first-stage propellant gas and the later propelling effect as the second-stage propellant is ignited. However, the engraving durations are all less than 0.7 ms with different levels of elastic-plastic deformations between multi-layer metallic materials for different conditions.
The thermodynamic response of heating at coronal null points
Authors: Johnson D , Hood A W , Cargill P J , Reid J , Johnston C D
Published: July 2024

Magnetic null points are an important aspect of the magnetic field structure of the solar corona and can be sites of enhanced dissipation. This paper uses analytical and numerical models to investigate the plasma structure around a heated null. It is shown that the temperature profile not only differs significantly from that in a uniform field, but also that the profile depends significantly on the spatial structure of the heating. Field lines close to the separatrices and the null point have higher temperatures than a uniform field for the same heating input. The dependence of the results near the null on both the ratio of perpendicular to parallel conduction, and numerical resolution is also explored. The comparison between analytic and numerical solutions also provides a useful benchmark to compare MHD codes with anisotropic thermal conduction.
Sovereigns and Others
Authors: Mishra Atul
Published: July 2024

This chapter shows how the minorities of India and Pakistan have been gradually transformed, through exclusion and disempowerment, into elements that are erosive rather than constitutive of sovereignty. In the context of India, three aspects concerning the relationship amongst the state, the Muslim community, and the majority are examined: a sustained discourse that casts suspicion upon the loyalty of Muslims to the state and the nation; three forms of majoritarian violence; and democratic exclusion produced by a restricted access of Muslims to India’s substantive political domain. As regards the minorities of Pakistan, the chapter foregrounds minoritization, a process through which the minorities created at partition have been disempowered while new minorities have been created and subjected to exclusion and disempowerment. It highlights the roles played by the state as well as non-state actors in the minoritization process.
Publishing and Copyright: The Digital Effect
Authors: Sanjek Rick
Published: July 2024

The NMPA reported $3.72 billion in 2019 publisher member revenue, 68.1 percent over its initial 2013 survey. The ASCAP/BMI integrated database dubbed SONGVIEW debuted in late 2020. Both PROs also sought to sunset their justice department consent decrees. Blackstone acquired SESAC including the Harry Fox Agency. Irving Azoff opened Global Music Rights (GMR), a fourth PRO. The 2018 Music Modernization Act sanctioned the Mechanical Licensing Cooperative as administrator of streaming mechanical royalties. The “Blurred Lines” infringement ruling was the most momentous of the decade. Universal, Warner Chappell, and Sony became a publishing Big Three after Sony acquired EMI. Sony also bought the Michael Jackson Estate out of their Sony/ATV joint venture. Martin Bandier retired in 2017 leaving protégés Jody Gerson running Universal, Jon Platt replacing him at Sony, and Guy Moot as cochairman at Warner Chappell. Independents Hipgnosis, Concord, Primary Wave, Kobalt, and BMG Rights led a bullish acquisitions market.
Spiritual, Religious, and Existential Dimensions of Care
Authors: Ribeiro Miller Dana , Stewart Melissa , Sumser Bridget
Published: July 2024

When people share a memory of some small gesture that healed them, it is always from someone who listened, someone who was present, someone who simply saw them as they were.
Cultural Aspects of Care
Authors: Colón Yvette
Published: July 2024

Culture is the learned and shared knowledge that specific groups use to generate their behavior and interpret their experience of the world. It comprises beliefs about reality, how people should interact with each other, what they “know” about the world, and how they should respond to the social and material environments in which they find themselves. It is reflected in their religions, morals, customs, technologies, and survival strategies. It affects how they work, parent, love, marry, and understand health, mental health, wellness, illness, disability, and death.
Falling Between the Cracks of Queer and Black
Authors: Neely Tanisha
Published: July 2024

Invisible hands grab me without warning. First, there’s the squeezing of my chest and the feeling of being smothered. Then the leaping of my heart up my throat and its crashing back down into the pit of my stomach like a meteor landing. It’s hard to tell if what follows next is happening all at once or a quick sequence of events: hot flash, cold sweat, tingling toes, trembling hands, rapid breath, and a racing heart trying in vain to outrun a raging sea of mixed emotions.
Queer Affirmative Therapy
Authors: Istar Lev Arlene
Published: July 2024

I have been practicing as a social worker and family therapist for thirty years, and my work has always been with LGBTQ people: my people, my community, my home. When I went to graduate school in the 1980s with the explicit intention of working within the emerging lesbian, gay, and feminist communities, there were few mentors to be found in mainstream academia (and a number of enemies who quickly found me).
Trust Me, I’m a Doctor
Authors: Breedlove Lynn
Published: July 2024

I’m a visible queer ADD tranz* guy with authority issues, a combo of shy and cocky in a body that has most people confused or pissed, so I spent fifteen years slowly killing myself with drugs. I bought the hype that I didn’t belong here.
The Bone Crushing
Authors: Konigsberg Bill
Published: July 2024

When I was a baby, I used to wake up singing.
Not Our Fault
Authors: Wilson Chana
Published: July 2024

My mother and Marian first became friends watching the Army-McCarthy hearings on my parents’ television. It was April, 1954, a month before my third birthday. I imagine myself toddling around the small wooden cottage in University Heights, oblivious to the sound of Senator Joseph McCarthy’s voice ranting about Communists and dripping with queer-baiting innuendo, “Will [the opposing] counsel for my benefit define—I think he might be an expert on that—what a pixie is?” (Oshinsky, 2005, p. 427). None of us could have guessed what McCarthy’s hateful voice portended: that eventually the brutal homophobia of that era would fracture all our lives.
The Family Legacy Ends Here
Authors: Theophano Teresa
Published: July 2024

All grief involves feelings of loss, and all loss requires learning how to live in a permanently changed world, where love and memory must replace physical presence . . . Despite their pain, many survivors [of loved ones’ suicides] also show great resilience and growth, including discovering unexpected inner strength, reordering priorities, a renewed appreciation of life, and developing compassion for the suffering of others.
Surviving Science, or
Authors: Moen Calvin Rey
Published: July 2024

My mom can’t use my pronouns because of science.
Erasure
Authors: Belfiglio Gabriella M
Published: July 2024

I. We are forbidden to bring in any lighters, matches, scissors, razors, knives, personal medications, glass bottles, glue, knitting needles, rug hooks or embroidery, firearms, liquor, marijuana or drugs, fingernail polish or remover, aerosol cans, lighter fluid, or cameras.
Were You Confused as a Child?
Authors: Mead Stephen
Published: July 2024

As with everything else in my life, I was a late bloomer in actively pursuing mental healthcare for depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and agoraphobia stemming from years of bullying. When I was growing up, these terms were not in any sort of common lexicon, and I was taught my mental/emotional suffering was something weak, to be ashamed of, and kept hidden like homosexuality itself. This image is a good starting point for understanding the dialogue at that time. The title “Were You Confused as a Child?” employs something of a gallows humor in regards to what a therapist—or a proponent of conversion therapy—might ask a person. The mixed-media imagery of the piece plays with that, as well as with the central detail of a little boy putting on lipstick while also pointing a gun to his head while, on either side of him, two bare-chested cowboy figures are looking down at their genitals as if pondering what that might all be about. It is a semi-comedic, lyrical piece meditating on years of pain brought on by societal straight-jacketing.
Feathers
Authors: Klas Benjamin
Published: July 2024

Hope is the thing with feathers
Enter Iran
Authors: Ostovar Afshon
Published: July 2024

This chapter begins with how the issue of terrorism and revelation of Iran’s secret nuclear program set the context for the Bush administration’s approach toward Iran. It discusses how Iran intervened in the Iraq War from the outset, and spent the early months of the occupation covertly developing a network of proxies and smuggling routes to support them to both prevent Baathists from returning to power and to undermine American objectives. Iran’s established clients, the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI) and Badr, collaborated with the U.S.-led Coalition while also serving as instruments for Iran’s countervailing agenda. Under the command of Qassem Soleimani, the IRGC quickly developed a new cadre of clients among disaffected Mahdi Army commanders formerly loyal to Muqtada al-Sadr. With Iran’s backing, the former Sadrists established the so-called Special Groups, which became Iran’s primary tool in its war against the occupation.
Rebels and Tyrants
Authors: Ostovar Afshon
Published: July 2024

This chapter examines the Syrian civil war through early 2014. The dividing lines of the conflict were set early by Bashar al-Assad, who enflamed sectarian tensions to galvanize support from non-Sunnis. To help safeguard its ally, Iran quickly began funneling weapons, troops, and Shia militia proxies to Syria, reinforcing sectarian dimensions. Despite openly calling for Assad to resign, wanting to avoid another Middle East war, Obama was hesitant to get involved. Turkey and Arab powers filled the void and began to fund and arm rebel militias—creating a proxy war with Iran. Private donors from the Gulf became important patrons to the rebel cause, and encouraged Sunni militias to adopt Islamist agendas. Obama’s red line was crossed when Assad used chemical weapons, but wanting to avoid military involvement, he struck a deal with Putin to remove the chemical stockpile—a move that benefited Russia and Iran.
Nuclear Clouds
Authors: Ostovar Afshon
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores how Washington’s focus on striking and preserving the JCPOA nuclear deal with Iran shaped its hesitant policies in the region, and created space for the Saudi and Russian interventions in Yemen and Syria. With the ascension of Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) as crown prince, Riyadh’s foreign policy became dramatically more assertive. The Saudi-led intervention in Yemen enunciated MBS’s willingness to take risks and his desire to check Iran’s regional expansion through force. The war against ISIS compelled the Obama administration to expand its military role in the Syrian conflict; however, in doing so, it heightened tensions with Iran, and in supporting Kurdish militias against ISIS, aggravated relations with Turkey. With jihadist rebels ascendant, the war against Assad was gaining momentum, which compelled Iran to encourage a Russian intervention. Russia’s intervention reversed momentum in the war, buttressed Iran’s regional project, and challenged the American position in the Middle East.
Conclusion
Authors: Fullington Doug , Smith Marian
Published: July 2024

This concluding chapter begins with observations that challenge, clarify, and fill in gaps in received ballet-history narratives. Next, common essential elements of the five ballets (Giselle, Paquita, Le Corsaire, La Bayadère, and Raymonda) are enumerated. This is followed by a discussion of what was lost in the twentieth century, in the years after the close of our period of study. Finally, the authors express a hope that readers of this volume can benefit from knowing more about what audiences saw and heard when the curtain went up on these five ballets.
Repression, Co-optation, and Institutionalization
Authors: Bernstein Alyssa G.
Published: July 2024

The Oslo Accords, the agreements between Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), transformed Palestinian politics. The Oslo Accords were a set of agreements made between 1992 and 1999. Prisoners were not mentioned in the agreements until they sent representatives to Palestinian leadership to point out their importance to Palestinian nationalism and demand inclusion. In 1995, 5,000 individuals were released, many to the custody of the Palestinian Authority (PA). The creation of the PA had significant implications for the Prisoners Movement. Fatah’s transformation into the primary power of the PA, the incorporation of former prisoners into the PA’s elite and security forces, and outside organizations’ influence on prison conditions, all changed resistance inside prison. The system under which the PA gave monthly stipends to prisoners and their families encouraged compliance rather than resistance. This chapter unpacks the effects of these external dynamics and their effects inside prison.