bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy models for quasi‐static calculations of single ground plane coupled CPW by CADMFILT software
Authors: Karpuz Ceyhun , Urhan Mehmet , Gorur Ali K. , Gorur Adnan
Published: March 2023

In this paper, two new subdesign tools including the quasi‐static and fuzzy model calculations for the electrical parameters of the coupled planar transmission lines used in the design of microwave communication subsystems including resonators, filters, and multiplexers are presented for CADMFILT software. Proposed subdesign tools have properties such as electrical parameter calculations for microwave circuit analysis/synthesis, fuzzy logic model applications, comparisons, and graphical demonstrations. The first subdesign tool can calculate the electrical parameters of the coupled planar transmission lines by using the quasi‐static analysis method. The other tool is based on subtractive fuzzy clustering, which can offer approximate solutions as an alternative to numerical and analytical closed‐form expressions of quasi‐static analysis. The proposed subdesign tools have a competent and efficient algorithm to provide fast, accurate, and sensitive results. To test the accuracy of these tools, a coupled coplanar waveguide with a single ground plane structure has been performed. The results obtained from the subdesign tools for both approaches have been compared. The proposed fuzzy logic models use the electrical parameters calculated from the quasi‐static analysis as training and control data files. The accuracy of each model has been tested by error analysis and the validity of the model results has been demonstrated by comparing them with the results of the quasi‐static approach. It is expected that the developed efficient, fast, and versatile subdesign tools will help researchers to simplify their designs by providing a control mechanism in the RF/microwave circuit design processes.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Modified Lupane, Oleanane, and Ursane A‐seco‐Triterpenoids
Authors: Petrova Anastasiya V. , Kazakova Oxana B. , Nazarov Ivan S. , Csuk René , Heise Niels V.
Published: March 2023

A series of new lupane, ursane, and oleanane type triterpenic A‐seco‐derivatives containing bromo‐, azido‐, alkyne‐, 1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl‐, 5‐methyloxazol‐2‐yl‐,N‐(4‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)but‐2‐yn‐1‐yl), and a carbonyl group at C2, C24, C28, C30 positions has been synthesized. The bioactivity was evaluated by Ellman's method, and the results showed that most of the compounds displayed moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activitiesin vitro. Among them, A‐seco‐derivatives of 28‐oxo‐allobetuline and betulinic acid with bromo‐ and azido‐groups exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against AChE. Extra experiments showed methyl 2‐cyano‐3,4‐seco‐dibromo‐ and 2‐cyano‐3,4‐seco‐diazido‐derivatives of betulinic acid as mixed‐type inhibitors, with Ki values as low as Ki=0.18 μM and Ki=0.21 μM, respectively.
Same day discharge versus overnight observation following chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the PROGRESS‐CTO registry
Authors: Simsek Bahadir , Khatri Jaikirshan , Young Laura , Kostantinis Spyridon , Karacsonyi Judit , Rempakos Athanasios , Alaswad Khaldoon , Jaffer Farouc A. , Doshi Darshan , Gorgulu Sevket , Goktekin Omer , Kerrigan Jimmy , Haddad Elias V. , Rinfret Stephane , Jaber Wissam A. , Nicholson William , Krestyaninov Oleg , Khelimskii Dimitrii , Choi James W. , Patel Taral N. , Jefferson Brian K. , Bradley Steven M. , Rao Sunil V. , Rangan Bavana V. , Allana Salman S. , Sandoval Yader , Burke M. Nicholas , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Poommipanit Paul B. ,   the PROGRESS‐CTO investigators
Published: March 2023

Background

Same day discharge (SDD) following chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has received limited study.

Methods

We evaluated the clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics of patients discharged the same day versus those kept for overnight observation in the Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention (PROGRESS‐CTO, NCT02061436).

Results

Of the 7181 patients who underwent CTO PCI, 943 (13%) had SDD. The SDD rate increased from 3% in 2015 to 21% in 2022. Patients with SDD were less likely to have a history of heart failure (21% vs. 26%,p = 0.005), chronic lung disease (10% vs. 15%,p = 0.001), or anemia (12% vs. 19%,p < 0.001). Technical success (87% vs. 88%,p = 0.289) was similar, but in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (0.0% vs. 0.4%,p = 0.041) were lower in SDD. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, prior myocardial infarction odds ratio (OR): 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–0.87,p = 0.001), chronic lung disease OR: 0.64 (95% CI: 0.47–0.88,p = 0.006), and increasing procedure time OR: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91–0.95,p < 0.001, per 10‐min increase) were associated with overnight observation, while radial‐only access OR: 2.45 (95% CI: 2.03–2.96,p < 0.001) had the strongest association with SDD. In the SDD, 2 (0.4%) of 514 patients were readmitted, due to retroperitoneal bleeding (n = 1) and ischemic stroke (n = 1).

Conclusion

The overall frequency of SDD after CTO PCI was 13% and has been increasing over time. SDD is feasible in select patients following CTO PCI, and radial‐only access had the strongest association with SDD.
Successful adalimumab graded challenge after allergic delayed reaction to golimumab in a woman with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rivolta Federica , Sangalli Andrea , Cappelletti Camilla , Chiei Gallo Alessandra , Dubini Marco , Pravettoni Valerio
Published: March 2023

A graded challenge with adalimumab could be safe in case of a delayed allergic reaction to golimumab, after a detailed allergological evaluation and the exclusion of allergic sensitization using skin tests.
Synovial calprotectin: A potentially useful biomarker for the diagnosis of Kingella kingae native arthritis
Authors: Leroy Anne‐Gaëlle , Bémer Pascale , Decante Cyrille , Ruffier d’Epenoux Louise , Tessier Eve , Crenn Vincent , Guillouzouic Aurélie , Corvec Stéphane ,   The CRIOGO Microbiology Study Group
Published: March 2023

Kingella kingae is a bacteria involved in developing arthritis in children. Its diagnosis remains difficult. We report a case for which a new biomarker, calprotectin measured in the synovial fluid, was strongly positive and a specific molecular test was the only way to diagnose it specifically.
Novel quantum key distribution and attribute based encryption for cloud data security
Authors: Verma Garima , Kumar Ashutosh
Published: March 2023

Improvement of privacy and security in data centers is challenging with proficient safety key managing. So as to resolve this issue, data centers require proficient quantum cryptographic techniques with authentication methods that are suitable to improve the privacy and security with lesser intricacy. In addition, quantum cryptography (QC) offers maximal security with lesser complication, which raises the security strength and storing capability of big data. This work intends to introduce a QC oriented data security model in cloud via electing the optimal private key. Here, attribute based encryption (ABE) is performed for ensuring better data transmission among the nodes in cloud. For key generation in ABE, improved QKD is adopted in this work. Depending upon this, the decryption and encryption is done. Moreover, for optimal secret key selection in ABE, self‐modified Aquila optimization (SM‐AO) scheme is deployed. Further, analysis is done depending upon varied metrics.
Does adding community science observations to museum records improve distribution modeling of a rare endemic plant?
Authors: Gaier Andrew G. , Resasco Julian
Published: March 2023

Understanding the ranges of rare and endangered species is central to conserving biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Species distribution models (SDMs) have become a common and powerful tool for analyzing species–environment relationships across geographic space. Although evaluating the distribution of rare species is integral to their conservation, this can be difficult when limited distribution data are available. Community science platforms, such as iNaturalist, have emerged as alternative sources for species occurrence data. Although these observations are often thought to be of lower quality than those of natural history collections, they may have potential for improving SDMs for species with few occurrence records from collections. Here, we investigate the utility of iNaturalist data for developing SDMs for a rare high‐elevation plant, Telesonix jamesii. Because methods for modeling rare species are limited in the literature, five different modeling techniques were considered, including profile methods, statistical models, and machine learning algorithms. The inclusion of iNaturalist data doubled the number of usable records for T. jamesii. We found that a random forest (RF) model using ensemble training data performed the highest of any model (area under curve = 0.98). We then compared the performance of RF models that use only natural history training data and those that use a combination of natural history (herbarium specimens) and iNaturalist training data. All models heavily relied on climate data (mean temperature of driest quarter, and precipitation of the warmest quarter), indicating that this species is under threat as climate continues to change. Validation datasets affected model fits as well. Models using only herbarium data performed slightly poorer when evaluated with cross‐validation than when validated externally with iNaturalist data. This study can serve as a model for future SDM studies of species with similar data limitations.
Evaluating Golden‐winged Warbler use of alder and aspen communities managed with shearing in the western Great Lakes
Authors: Buckardt Thomas Anna , McNeil Darin J. , Larkin Jeffery L. , Johnson Kirsten E. , Roth Amber M.
Published: March 2023

Best management practices are often written by researchers to guide land managers and landowners in the creation of habitat for wildlife species of interest. These documents are based on research evaluating the habitat needs of a species, but they also describe tools and strategies managers can implement to create or restore desired conditions. Shrub and sapling shearing is a management practice often used to improve habitat for early‐successional species, yet little monitoring or research has focused on wildlife response to shearing. The goal of this research was to formally evaluate the effect of shrub and sapling shearing as a best management strategy for Golden‐winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) conservation at a regional scale. Specifically, we surveyed for male Golden‐winged Warblers during the breeding season in sheared sites and untreated reference sites across portions of the western Great Lakes to assess the effects of (1) management status (i.e., sheared aspen or alder vs. untreated sites) and (2) patch‐level vegetation characteristics on male abundance. We found that male Golden‐winged Warbler abundance was twice as high in sheared sites than in mature reference sites and peaked when sapling cover was ~40%. Male abundance was also negatively associated with percent cover of forbs and nonvegetated ground. These findings highlight the importance of patch‐level heterogeneity when implementing shearing treatments for Golden‐winged Warblers and demonstrate the potential need for pretreatment site assessments to help focus conservation efforts for this species. Ultimately, our results support the use of a site‐specific, nuanced approach to shearing implementation to maximize cost efficiency and desired species outcomes.
Wind and small mammals are complementary fungal dispersers
Authors: Borgmann‐Winter Benjamin W. , Stephens Ryan B. , Anthony Mark A. , Frey Serita D. , D'Amato Anthony W. , Rowe Rebecca J.
Published: March 2023

Following a disturbance, dispersal shapes community composition as well as ecosystem structure and function. For fungi, dispersal is often wind or mammal facilitated, but it is unclear whether these pathways are complementary or redundant in the taxa they disperse and the ecosystem functions they provide. Here, we compare the diversity and morphology of fungi dispersed by wind and three rodent species in recently harvested forests using a combination of microscopy and Illumina sequencing. We demonstrate that fungal communities dispersed by wind and small mammals differ in richness and composition. Most wind‐dispersed fungi are wood saprotrophs, litter saprotrophs, and plant pathogens, whereas fungi dispersed in mammal scat are primarily mycorrhizal, soil saprotrophs, and unspecified saprotrophs. We note substantial dispersal of truffles and agaricoid mushrooms by small mammals, and dispersal of agaricoid mushrooms, crusts, and polypores by wind. In addition, we find mammal‐dispersed spores are larger than wind‐dispersed spores. Our findings suggest that wind‐ and small‐mammal‐facilitated dispersal are complementary processes and highlight the role of small mammals in dispersing mycorrhizal fungi, particularly following disturbances such as timber harvest.
Cobalt‐Promoted Transfer Hydrogenation of Azaaryl Ketones by Using Formate as the Hydrogen Source
Authors: Yu Rurong , Zhang Xinyu , Hao Feiyue , Jin Zhengneng , Liu Guyue , Dai Guoliang , Wu Jiashou
Published: March 2023

A novel cobalt‐catalyzed reduction of 2‐pyridyl ketones and related heteroaryl compounds using formate as reductant was developed. Ketone substrate is activated by chelation with cobalt, which makes the present method highly selective. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed.
Application of the International League Against Epilepsy Neonatal Seizure Framework to an international panel of medical personnel
Authors: Yozawitz Elissa G. , Cilio Maria R. , Mizrahi Eli M. , Moon Jee‐Young , Moshé Solomon L. , Nunes Magda L. , Plouin Perrine , Vanhatalo Sampsa , Zuberi Sameer , Pressler Ronit M.
Published: March 2023

Objective

The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Neonatal Seizure Framework was tested by medical personnel.

Methods

Attendees at the 2016 ILAE European Congress on Epileptology in Prague, the International Video‐EEG Course in Pediatric Epilepsies in Madrid 2017, and a local meeting in Utrecht 2018, were introduced to the proposed ILAE neonatal classification system with teaching videos covering the seven types of clinical seizures in the proposed neonatal classification system. Five test digital video recordings of electroencephalography (EEG)‐confirmed motor neonatal seizures were then shown and classified by the rater based on their knowledge of the proposed ILAE Neonatal Seizure Framework. A multi‐rater Kappa statistic was used to assess the agreement between observers and the true diagnosis.

Results

The responses of 194 raters were obtained. There was no single predominant classification system that was currently used by the raters. Using the ILAE framework, 78%–93% of raters correctly identified the clinical seizure type for each neonate; the overall inter‐rater agreement (Kappa statistic) was 0.67. The clonic motor seizure type was most frequently accurately identified (93% of the time; κ = 0.870). EEG technicians correctly identified all presented motor seizure types more frequently than any other group (accuracy = 0.9).

Significance

The ILAE Neonatal Seizure Framework was judged by most raters to be better than other systems for the classification of clinical seizures. Among all seizure types presented, clonic seizures appeared to be the easiest to accurately identify. Average accuracy across the five seizure types was 84.5%. These data suggest that the ILAE neonatal seizure classification may be used by all healthcare professionals to correctly identify the predominant clinical seizure type.
Modeling human cancer predisposition syndromes using CRISPR/Cas9 in human cell line models
Authors: Draper Garrett M. , Panken Daniel J. , Largaespada David A.
Published: March 2023

The advancement of CRISPR mediated gene engineering provides an opportunity to improve upon preclinical human cell line models of cancer predisposing syndromes. This review focuses on using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools to model various human cancer predisposition syndromes. We examine the genetic mutations associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, Li‐Fraumeni syndrome, Gorlin syndrome, BRCA mutant breast and ovarian cancers, and APC mutant cancers. Furthermore, we discuss the possibilities of using next‐generation CRISPR‐derived precision gene editing tools to introduce a variety of genetic lesions into human cell lines. The goal is to improve the quality of preclinical models surrounding these cancer predisposition syndromes through dissecting the effects of these mutations on the development of cancer and to provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of these cancer predisposition syndromes. These studies demonstrate the continued utility and improvement of CRISPR/Cas9‐induced human cell line models in studying the genetic basis of cancer.
Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes transdifferentiation of astrocytes into neurons via activation of the MAPK/Erk‐Pax6 signal pathway
Authors: Lei Yu , Chen Xiao , Mo Jia‐Lin , Lv Ling‐Ling , Kou Zeng‐Wei , Sun Feng‐Yan
Published: March 2023

Reactive astrocytes can be transformed into new neurons. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes the transformation of reactive astrocytes into neurons in ischemic brain. Therefore, in this study, the molecular mechanism of VEGF's effect on ischemia/hypoxia‐induced astrocyte to neuron transformation was investigated in the models of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and in astrocyte culture with oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that VEGF enhanced ischemia‐induced Pax6, a neurogenic fate determinant, expression and Erk phosphorylation in reactive astrocytes and reduced infarct volume of rat brain at 3 days after MCAO, which effects could be blocked by administration of U0126, a MAPK/Erk inhibitor. In cultured astrocytes, VEGF also enhanced OGD‐induced Erk phosphorylation and Pax6 expression, which was blocked by U0126, but not wortmannin, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor, or SB203580, a MAPK/p38 inhibitor, suggesting VEGF enhanced Pax6 expression via activation of MAPK/Erk pathway. OGD induced the increase of miR365 and VEGF inhibited the increase of OGD‐induced miR365 expression. However, miR365 agonists blocked VEGF‐enhanced Pax6 expression in hypoxic astrocytes, but did not block VEGF‐enhanced Erk phosphorylation. We further found that VEGF promoted OGD‐induced astrocyte‐converted to neuron. Interestingly, both U0126 and Pax6 RNAi significantly reduced enhancement of VEGF on astrocytes‐to‐neurons transformation, as indicated Dcx and MAP2 immunopositive signals in reactive astrocytes. Moreover, those transformed neurons become mature and functional. We concluded that VEGF enhanced astrocytic neurogenesis via the MAPK/Erk‐miR‐365‐Pax6 signal axis. The results also indicated that astrocytes play important roles in the reconstruction of neurovascular units in brain after stroke.
Supramolecular Behaviour of N,N′‐Bridged Guanidinium Nitrates in the Crystalline State: Identification of Privileged Hydrogen Bond Networks
Authors: Wüstenberg Reinhold Gregor , Neudörfl Jörg‐Martin , Schmalz Hans‐Günther
Published: March 2023

Using the marine natural product ptilocaulin as a starting point, the supramolecular behavior of N,N′‐bridged guanidinium nitrates in the crystalline state was investigated. For this purpose, various N,N′‐bridged guanidines were synthesized (typically by condensation of a 1,2‐ or 1,3‐diamine with cyanogen bromide) and subsequently converted into their nitrate salts with nitric acid. The crystal structures of 28 samples were determined by single crystal X‐ray crystallography and revealed the existence of a few privileged, recurring supramolecular motifs (hydrogen bond networks) formed by charge‐assisted self‐assembly. A topological analysis of possible pseudo‐2D‐patterns derived from the 1 : 1 ion pairs (generated by salt bridge formation between a N,N′‐bridged guanidinium cation and a nitrate anion) through additional H‐bonding uncovered only five conceivable regular structural motifs: (1) a linear chain, (2) an alternating (zig‐zag) chain, (3) a double chain, (4) a tape/ribbon‐type structure, and (5) a cyclotrimer. Experimentally, only the first four of these motives were observed while the cyclotrimer, as a non‐infinite and therefore particular super‐structure, did not occur. Other H‐bonding patterns were found (in three cases) when water was incorporated in the crystals. In two cases, polymorphism was observed. The identified supramolecular preferences prove the value of N,N′‐bridged guanidines as useful and easily tunable building blocks for supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering.
Phase stability, fuel properties, and diesel engine performance of palm‐oil‐based microemulsion biofuels
Authors: Attaphong Chodchanok , Morawan Nattaya , Sarikprueck Piampoom , Charoensaeng Ampira , Khaodhiar Sutha
Published: March 2023

Microemulsification and blending are two viscosity‐modifying techniques of vegetable oils for direct use with diesel engine. In this study, alcohol blends are mixtures of ethanol, diesel, and palm‐oil biodiesel while microemulsion biofuels are thermodynamically stable, clear, and single‐phase mixtures of diesel, palm oil, and ethanol stabilized by surfactants and cosurfactants. Although there are many studies on biofuels lately, there is limited research on using biodiesel as a surfactant in microemulsion formulations and applied on engine performance at different engine loads. Therefore, the objectives are to investigate phase stability and fuel properties of formulated biofuels (various blends and microemulsions), to determine the engine performance at different engine loads (no load, and from 0.5 to 2.0 kW), and to estimate laboratory‐scale cost of the selected biofuels compared to diesel and biodiesel. The results showed that phase stability and fuel properties of selected microemulsion biofuels are comparable to diesel and biodiesel. These microemulsion biofuels can be applied to the diesel engine at different loads while diesel‐ethanol blends and palm‐oil‐biodiesel‐ethanol blends cannot be. It was found that the energy efficiencies of the system using microemulsion biofuels were slightly lower than the average energy efficiency of diesel engine. From this study, it can be summarized that microemulsion biofuels can be formulated using palm‐oil biodiesel (palm‐oil methyl ester) as a bio‐based surfactant and they can be considered as environmentally‐friendly alternatives to diesel and biodiesel. However, cost considerations showed that the raw materials should be locally available to reduce additional costs of microemulsion biofuels.
Cocoa powder and fermented jackfruit seed flour: A comparative cell‐based study on their potential antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities after simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Spada Fernanda Papa , Lazarini Josy Goldoni , Batista Pollyanna Souza , de Oliveira Sartori Alan Giovanini , Saliba Ana Sofia Martelli Chaib , Pedroso Gomes do Amaral José Eduardo , Purgatto Eduardo , de Alencar Severino Matias
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Jackfruit seed flour can be used as a cocoa aroma replacer with similar technological properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo toxicity and in vitro antioxidant activity of fermented jackfruit seed flour (Fjs) and non‐alkaline cocoa powder (Nac).

RESULTS

Fjs and Nac extracts (Fjs‐E and Nac‐E) were produced and submitted to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion producing digested fractions named Fjs‐D and Nac‐D, respectively. Nac‐E showed over two‐fold higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) than Fjs‐E. However, after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (in vitro), there were no significant differences between Nac‐D and Fjs‐D (P < 0.01). Similarly, the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of Nac‐D and Fjs‐D was not significantly different (P < 0.01). The anti‐inflammatory assay in transgenic RAW 264.7 murine macrophages showed that Fjs‐E did not affect cell viability up to 300 μg mL−1 (P > 0.05) and reduced by 15% the release of TNF‐α (P < 0.05). Fjs‐D did not affect cell viability up to 300 μg mL−1 (P > 0.05) and showed 58% reduction of NF‐κB activation (P < 0.05), with no effects on TNF‐α levels. Treatment with Nac‐E up to 300 μg mL−1 did not decrease cell viability (P > 0.05) and reduced the release of TNF‐α levels by 34% and 66% at 100 and 300 μg mL−1, respectively (P < 0.05). Nac‐D did not reduce the NF‐κB activation or TNF‐α levels at any tested concentration.

CONCLUSION

Collectively, these findings indicate that Fjs is a safe and promising functional ingredient with biological activities even after gastrointestinal digestion. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Microwave Ablation for Refractory Giant Maxillofacial Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Jiye , Dou Jianping , Han Zhiyu , Liang Ping
Published: March 2023

Maxillofacial arteriovenous malformation located in the sensitive parts of the nose and lips has been an arduous challenge for doctors to meet a balance between resection and aesthetics in one time. In this report, one patient with a giant arteriovenous malformation covering the forehead, the nose, the lip, and bilateral cheeks and resulting in the appearance of the face like a lion's face, can not meet satisfactory outcomes by other therapeutic methods. We successfully reduced the size of vascular lesion using low‐power and short‐duration microwave ablation under real‐time ultrasound guidance. In the two‐year follow‐up, the patient's face almost recovered to normality. Microwave ablation is expected to be a new alternative therapy for the treatment of maxillofacial arteriovenous malformations. Laryngoscope, 133:2984–2987, 2023
I, chatbot! the impact of anthropomorphism and gaze direction on willingness to disclose personal information and behavioral intentions
Authors: Pizzi Gabriele , Vannucci Virginia , Mazzoli Valentina , Donvito Raffaele
Published: March 2023

The present research focuses on the interplay between two common features of the customer service chatbot experience: gaze direction and anthropomorphism. Although the dominant approach in marketing theory and practice is to make chatbots as human‐like as possible, the current study, built on the humanness‐value‐loyalty model, addresses the chain of effects through which chatbots' nonverbal behaviors affect customers' willingness to disclose personal information and purchase intentions. By means of two experiments that adopt a real chatbot in a simulated shopping environment (i.e., car rental and travel insurance), the present work allows us to understand how to reduce individuals' tendency to see conversational agents as less knowledgeable and empathetic compared with humans. The results show that warmth perceptions are affected by gaze direction, whereas competence perceptions are affected by anthropomorphism. Warmth and competence perceptions are found to be key drivers of consumers’ skepticism toward the chatbot, which, in turn, affects consumers’ trust toward the service provider hosting the chatbot, ultimately leading consumers to be more willing to disclose their personal information and to repatronize the e‐tailer in the future. Building on the Theory of Mind, our results show that perceiving competence from a chatbot makes individuals less skeptical as long as they feel they are good at detecting others’ ultimate intentions.
Polyelectrolyte‐Functionalized NanoMOFs for Highly Efficient Aqueous Lubrication and Sustained Drug Release
Authors: Wu Wei , Liu Jianxi , Tian Lejie , Lin Xiao , Xue Huidan , Gong Peiwei , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin
Published: March 2023

This study demonstrates the hybridization of polyelectrolyte brushes with anti‐inflammatory drug‐loaded nanoMOFs that can achieve highly efficient aqueous lubrication and sustained drug release for the synergistic therapy of osteoarthritis (OA). Poly(3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt) (PSPMK) brushes are grown on the surface of the UiO‐66‐NH2 via one‐pot grafting polymerization, which served as a general surface modification method of NH2‐MOFs to grow the polymer brushes. The growth of the PSPMK brushes greatly enhance the stability, dispersity, and swollen property of the AS‐UiO‐66‐NH2@PSPMK in aqueous media. Using as lubricating additives, the UiO‐66‐NH2@PSPMK achieves not only reductions in both coefficient of friction and wear volume over 70% and 99% but also supports high load‐carrying capacity and long‐term durability. The PSPMK brushes can be served as an universal interfacial modification soft layer that can significantly improve the aqueous lubricating performance of other types of NH2‐MOFs. After encapsulating the anti‐inflammatory aspirin (AS), the AS‐UiO‐66‐NH2@PSPMK shows both sustained drug release and good biocompatibility toward the human normal chondrocytes. This work establishes anti‐inflammatory drug‐loaded UiO‐66‐NH2@PSPMK as a potential multifunctional joint lubricant for OA treatment.
Lack of Causal Associations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Parkinson's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Zeng Ruijie , Wang Jinghua , Zheng Chunwen , Jiang Rui , Tong Shuangshuang , Wu Huihuan , Zhuo Zewei , Yang Qi , Leung Felix W. , Sha Weihong , Chen Hao
Published: March 2023

Background

Observational studies have indicated associations between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective

To evaluate the causal associations of IBD with PD and other selected neurodegenerative disorders using updated data.

Methods

Bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization studies using genome‐wide association studies summary statistics of IBD and PD.

Results

We found a lack of evidence for the causal association of IBD on PD (odds ratio [OR], 1.014; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.967–1.063; P = 0.573). Reverse analysis also indicated no evidence of a causal effect for PD on IBD (OR, 0.978; 95% CI, 0.910–1.052; P = 0.549). The causality between IBD and Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis was unfounded (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The updated analyses provide no clear evidence for causal associations of IBD with PD or the other three neurodegenerative diseases. Potential confounders might contribute to the previously observed associations, and further investigations are warranted. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Kaiser Permanente grant will bolster NAMI California's statewide reach
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: March 2023

The family‐focused efforts of the California state operation of the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI California) have received a major boost from integrated health care company Kaiser Permanente. A $2.3 million grant from Kaiser Permanente will allow NAMI California to extend its family programming and advocacy training activities into parts of the state that have not had a local affiliate or any full‐time staff presence.
Intensive PTSD treatment improves outcomes, wait times
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: March 2023

A groundbreaking approach to treating post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and patients who experience thoughts of suicide or have attempted suicide that initially was designed for active‐duty military personnel and veterans, is also helping adults — including first responders — with the same conditions, including trauma, anxiety and depression.
College students unaware of MH resources, availability
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: March 2023

Many college students don't know where to turn for help or seem to have misconceptions about cost and appointment availability that may keep them from seeking it, according to a report released last week addressing mental health trends on campus from the perceptions of both students and parents.
Study finds breast cancer deaths higher in patients with SMI
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: March 2023

Observing that prior studies have suggested that death from breast cancer is higher among patients with preexisting serious mental illness (SMI) compared with those without an SMI, a new study points to reduced access to early cancer screening as one of the reasons.
Nonlinear Einstein paradigm of Brownian motion and localization property of solutions
Authors: Christov Ivan C. , Hevage Isanka Garli , Ibraguimov Akif , Islam Rahnuma
Published: March 2023

We employ a generalization of Einstein's random walk paradigm for diffusion to derive a class of multidimensional degenerate nonlinear parabolic equations in nondivergence form. Specifically, in these equations, the diffusion coefficient can depend on both the dependent variable and its gradient, and it vanishes when either one of the latter does. It is known that solutions of such degenerate equations can exhibit finite speed of propagation (so‐called localization property of solutions). We give a proof of this property using a De Giorgi–Ladyzhenskaya iteration procedure for nondivergence form equations. A mapping theorem is then established to a divergence‐form version of the governing equation for the case of one spatial dimension. Numerical results via a finite‐difference scheme are used to illustrate the main mathematical results for this special case. For completeness, we also provide an explicit construction of the one‐dimensional self‐similar solution with finite speed of propagation function, in the sense of Kompaneets–Zel'dovich–Barenblatt. We thus show how the finite speed of propagation quantitatively depends on the model's parameters.
A novel dose fall‐off index and preliminary application in brain and lung stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Shen Zhengwen , Luo Huanli , Li Shi , Tan Xia , Tian Xiumei , Liu Qiang , Jin Fu
Published: March 2023

Background

Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) has been widely used for the treatment of brain metastases and early stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Excellent SRT plans are characterized by steep dose fall‐off, making it critical to accurately and comprehensively predict and evaluate dose fall‐off.

Purpose

A novel dose fall‐off index was proposed to ensure high‐quality SRT planning.

Methods

The novel gradient index (NGI) had two different modes: NGIx V for three‐dimensions and NGIx r for one‐dimension. NGIx V and NGIx r were defined as the ratios of the decreased percentage dose (x%) to the corresponding isodose volume and equivalent sphere radii, respectively. A total of 243 SRT plans at our institution between April 2020 and March 2022 were enrolled, including 126 brain and 117 lung SRT plans. Measurement‐based verifications were performed using SRS MapCHECK. Ten plan complexity indexes were calculated. Dosimetric parameters related to radiation injuries were also extracted, including the normal brain volume exposed to 12 Gy (V12) and 18 Gy (V18) during single‐fraction SRT (SF‐SRT) and multi‐fraction SRT (MF‐SRT), respectively, and the normal lung volume exposed to 12 Gy (V12). The performance of NGI and other common dose fall‐off indexes, gradient index (GI), R50% and D2cm were evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis to explore their correlations with the PTV size, gamma passing rate (GPR), plan complexity indexes, and dosimetric parameters.

Results

There were statistically significant correlations between NGI and PTV size (r = ‐0.98, P < 0.01 for NGI50 V and r = ‐0.93, P < 0.01 for NGI50 r), which were the strongest correlations compared with GI (r = 0.11, P = 0.13), R50% (r = ‐0.08, P = 0.19) and D2cm (r = 0.84, P < 0.01). The fitted formulas of NGI50 V = 23.86V−1.00 and NGI50 r = 113.5r−1.05 were established. The GPRs of enrolled SRT plans were 98.6 ± 1.7%, 94.2 ± 4.7% and 97.1 ± 3.1% using the criteria of 3%/2 mm, 3%/1 mm, and 2%/2 mm, respectively. NGI50 V achieved the strongest correlations with various plan complexity indexes (|r| ranged from 0.67 to 0.91, P < 0.01). NGI50 V also showed the highest r values with V12 (r = ‐0.93, P < 0.01) and V18 (r = ‐0.96, P < 0.01) of the normal brain during SF‐SRT and MF‐SRT, respectively, and V12 (r = ‐0.86, P < 0.01) of the normal lung during lung SRT.

Conclusions

Compared with GI, R50% and D2cm, the proposed dose fall‐off index, NGI, had the strongest correlations with the PTV size, plan complexity and V12/V18 of the normal tissues. These correlations established on NGI are more helpful and reliable for SRT planning, quality control, and reducing the risk of radiation injuries.
Understanding aliasing effects and their removal in SPEN MRI: A k‐space perspective
Authors: Zhong Sijie , Chen Minjia , Wei Xiaokang , Dai Ke , Chen Hao , Frydman Lucio , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To characterize the mechanism of formation and the removal of aliasing artifacts and edge ghosts in spatiotemporally encoded (SPEN) MRI within a k‐space theoretical framework.

Methods

SPEN's quadratic phase modulation can be described in k‐space by a convolution matrix whose coefficients derive from Fourier relations. This k‐space model allows us to pose SPEN's reconstruction as a deconvolution process from which aliasing and edge ghost artifacts can be quantified by estimating the difference between a full sampling and reconstructions resulting from undersampled SPEN data.

Results

Aliasing artifacts in SPEN MRI reconstructions can be traced to image contributions corresponding to high‐frequency k‐space signals. The k‐space picture provides the spatial displacements, phase offsets, and linear amplitude modulations associated to these artifacts, as well as routes to removing these from the reconstruction results. These new ways to estimate the artifact priors were applied to reduce SPEN reconstruction artifacts on simulated, phantom, and human brain MRI data.

Conclusion

A k‐space description of SPEN's reconstruction helps to better understand the signal characteristics of this MRI technique, and to improve the quality of its resulting images.
The year 2023 brings its own challenges
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: March 2023

I don't think many of you would argue that 2020, 2021, and 2022 have been three of the most difficult years of our lifetimes. Sure, good things have happened to us individually, but it's been a tough time in many arenas, such as public health; federal and state government; politics; economics; religion; civilization; and elementary, secondary, and higher education. I dare say no one has been immune to facing challenges in some, if not all, of these realms. All events during this three‐year period are intertwined with the global pandemic of COVID‐19.
Degree attainment rose during the pandemic, though racial gaps persist
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: March 2023

The national share of working‐age Americans who hold college degrees increased across racial and ethnic groups, and increased in all states between 2019 and 2021. That finding comes from new data from the Lumina Foundation on college degree or credential attainment rates for American adults.
Prevalence of Subclinical Hearing Loss in the United States
Authors: Dragon Jacqueline M. , Grewal Maeher R. , Irace Alexandria L. , Garcia Morales Emmanuel , Golub Justin S.
Published: March 2023

Objective

Current definitions of hearing loss (HL) may be insufficiently strict, as subclinical hearing loss (SCHL; >0 and ≤25 dB hearing level) has been associated with deleterious age‐related conditions. SCHL prevalence and mean age of HL onset in the United States has not been characterized.

Study Design

A cross‐sectional epidemiologic prevalence study.

Setting

US Community.

Methods

We analyzed cross‐sectional audiometric data in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005‐2012, 2015‐2018, n = 15,649). Results were scaled to the current population using weighting.

Results

79.6% of participants (227.32 million Americans) had SCHL. The mean age of HL onset at thresholds of 25, 20, and 15 dB was 74, 66, and 55 years, respectively, for the 4‐frequency pure‐tone average, and 48, 44, and 35 years for the high‐frequency pure‐tone average.

Conclusion

We present SCHL prevalence and define HL onset by various sensitive definitions. These results inform ongoing public health efforts to increase hearing aid utilization, particularly given the arrival of over‐the‐counter hearing aids.
Fatigue Phase‐field Modeling for Elastomeric Materials
Authors: Yin Bo , Kaliske Michael
Published: March 2023

Fatigue failure prediction of elastomeric materials plays a crucial role in engineering applications, e.g., rolling tires. Experimental investigations, as a straightforward evaluation of fatigue failure, do not enable an efficient insight due to significant time consumption. Therefore, several numerical approaches are developed to model fatigue fracture or damage behavior of material components subjected to cyclic loading. Inspired by [1], the work at hand incorporates a degrading fracture toughness into a promising phase‐field method. As a smeared crack representation, the phase‐field model does not depend upon any explicit criterion for crack evolution, e.g., crack initiation and propagation. Furthermore, this work proposes a novel algorithm, which is based on a post‐processing technique, to evaluate the energy release rate for PARIS' parameters during the stable crack propagation regime. The methodology is implemented into the Finite Element framework and a demonstrative numerical example is simulated.
Phase‐field Fracture Based on Representative Crack Elements (RCE): Inelastic Materials, Friction, Finite Deformations, Multi‐physics
Authors: Storm Johannes , Kaliske Michael
Published: March 2023

The concept of representative crack elements has been successfully introduced to phase‐field fracture in previous publications, where anisotropic elasticity [1], visco‐elasticity [2], elasto‐plasticity and crack surface friction [3] are considered at small deformations. This framework allows to overcome unrealistic predictions for the crack kinematics, reported e.g. in Strobl and Seelig [4], and Steinke and Kaliske [5], known from phase‐field models with approximations for the crack closure behaviour based on volumetric‐deviatoric, spectral or similar splits of stress or strain tensors.

In the current contribution to the method of phase‐field fracture, the framework for representative crack elements is shown for finite deformations and fully coupled thermo‐mechanics. The iterative solution scheme for the representative crack element and the variational homogenisation method are sketched. Applications to elasto‐plasticity, crack surface friction, finite deformations and thermo‐mechanics with heat radiation through the crack demonstrate the flexibility of the framework.
Parameter identification and uncertainty quantification of the thermal conductivity tensor for transversely isotropic composite materials
Authors: Tröger Jendrik-Alexander , Hartmann Stefan
Published: March 2023

The identification of material parameters with a nonlinear least‐squares approach and finite elements is an established task in solid mechanics. There, full‐field experimental data can be employed in the material parameter identification procedure. The focus of this contribution is on the application of full‐field temperature data, measured with infrared thermography, to identify the coefficients of the thermal conductivity tensor of unidirectional fiber‐reinforced composites. Because of the unidirectional fiber reinforcement, transversely isotropic thermal behavior is assumed and the corresponding two thermal conductivities are identified from full‐field data. Beforehand performing the experiments, numerical re‐identifications are used to optimize the experimental procedure in a sensitivity analysis. Further, the uncertainties of the identified material parameters as well as the uncertainties of subsequent simulations are computed with the Gaussian error propagation concept.
FEM‐Modeling of thermal and viscous effects in piezoelectric MEMS loudspeakers
Authors: Hassanpour Guilvaiee Hamideh , Toth Florian , Kaltenbacher Manfred
Published: March 2023

Loudspeakers based on piezoelectric micro‐electro‐mechanical system (PMEMS) are attracting an increasing interest due to their small size, low electronic power consumption, and easy assembly. These aspects are particularly advantageous in applications like earphones, mobile phones, and in‐ear hearing aid devices. However, creating sufficiently high sound pressure levels challenges many existing MEMS loudspeakers. Furthermore, their small dimensions require the consideration of additional physical phenomena like thermoviscous losses, which are often negligible in large loudspeakers. We model and characterize a 3D piezoelectric MEMS loudspeaker in this work using our open‐source finite element method (FEM) program openCFS. We use the linearized conservation of mass, momentum, and energy (thermoviscous acoustic PDEs) for a compressible Newtonian fluid (air) and describe the linear elastic solid using the linearized balance of momentum. The coupling between flow and solid fields is then applied using a non‐conforming FEM formulation. The standard acoustic partial differential equation (PDE) is used in the far‐field, where the thermal and viscous effects are negligible. We study the viscous effects on the displacement and the sound pressure levels (SPLs) of the loudspeaker by parameter studies. These results indicate that at a distance of 13 mm, an SPL of 55 dB at 5 kHz is achieved by a single PMEMS loudspeaker with a footprint of 1.7×1.7 mm2 under a low driving voltage of only 1 V, which is promising considering its dimensions.
Existence results for the higher order linear Cosserat shell model
Authors: Bîrsan Mircea , Ghiba Ionel-Dumitrel , Neff Patrizio
Published: March 2023

We derive the linear elastic Cosserat shell model of order O(h5) in the shell thickness h. To this aim, we linearise the geometrically nonlinear elastic Cosserat shell model established previously. Using Korn‐type inequalities for shells, the coercivity of the energy functional and the Lax‐Milgram theorem, we prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the equilibrium equations.
Analysis of solitons structure of the damped KdV equation arising in superthermal plasmas: Application of homotopy analysis method
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Kumar Jana Ranjan
Published: March 2023

The aim of the proposed work is to analyze the soliton structures of dust‐ion acoustic waves obtained in the framework of the Korteg‐de Vries (KdV) equation with the presence of a damping term. The concept of electron acoustic solitary wave in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of superthermal electrons has been taken into consideration. The KdV equation with the presence of a damping term has been derived with the help of the reductive perturbation technique and solved by using the well‐known homotopy analysis method. The considered method approximates all problems in a straightforward and simplified manner. The method computes the series solution efficiently and provides a simple way to ensure its convergence. The approximate analytical solution obtained from the present analysis is compared with available results in the literature for a different choice of pertinent parameters. The upshots specified that the amplitude of solitary waves increases for increasing values of the damping parameter. This study would in a way to demonstrate the potential and effectiveness of the homotopy analysis method to evaluate the various kinds of nonlinear equations arising in the soliton theory.
Tikhonov regularization in general form with Chebfun
Authors: Alqahtani Abdulaziz , Mach Thomas , Reichel Lothar
Published: March 2023

Linear ill‐posed problems often are analyzed in function spaces using tools from functional analysis, while their numerical solution typically is computed by first discretizing the problem and then applying tools from finite‐dimensional linear algebra. The Chebfun package makes it possible to solve linear ill‐posed problems without explicit discretization. This work discusses the use of Tikhonov regularization with a fairly general linear regularization operator within the Chebfun framework.