bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics of UK Unions' Environmental Activism and the Agenda's Utility as a Vehicle for Union Renewal
Authors: Farnhill Thomas
Published: October 2016

A survey of 22 UK unions’ environmental activism suggests that it is generally unrelated to either membership trends or unions’ financial health, although large, multi-sector unions are generally the most active. Adequate resourcing, discussion of environmental matters at senior levels of the union and positive relations with external environmental organisations are all associated with environmental activism. Although the agenda appears popular with members and encounters little resistance from employers few unions currently evidence serious or regular engagement and it is largely confined to large and/or public sector workplaces where the union is already well-established. Limited adoption may be attributable to a combination of the absence of supportive legislation and public funding, the agenda’s inability to generate an attractive ‘product’ for members, and already crowded local agendas. However, most unions anticipate their environmental agenda expanding in the future.

Key Words: unions; environment; labour-environment relationship; employee relations; union renewal
A Secondary Informal Circuit of Globalisation of Production: Home-based Cashew Workers in Kerala, India
Authors: Kuzhiparambil Asha
Published: October 2016

The paper contributes to the literature that examines the connections between local and global by extending the focus of cross-border production circuits to the hinterlands within the nation. A secondary informal circuit is conceptualised in order to argue how the informal sector is coexisting with the formal sector and contributing to the global market. For this purpose, the case of the cashew nut processing industry in Kerala, India, has been examined. The network of clandestine home-based cashew processors identified during the field study in Kerala illustrates the less visible local nodes of the global cashew circuit. The study also explores the informal workers’ restricted options and choices due to their gender, health issues, age and financial liabilities.
Terminal Dopamine Release Kinetics in the Accumbens Core and Shell Are Distinctly Altered after Withdrawal from Cocaine Self-Administration
Authors: Saddoris Michael P.
Published: October 2016

Repeated self-administration of cocaine is associated with impairments in motivated behaviors as well as alterations in both dopamine (DA) release and neural signaling within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). These impairments are present even after several weeks of abstinence from drug taking, suggesting that the self-administration experience induces long-lasting neuroplastic alterations in the mesolimbic DA circuit. To understand these changes at the terminal level, rats were allowed to self-administer either cocaine intravenously (∼1 mg/kg per infusion) or water to a receptacle (control) in 2-h sessions over 14 days, followed by 30 days of enforced abstinence. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was used to record real-time DA release in either NAc core or shell after electrical stimulations of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in freely-moving animals. In controls, the kinetics of DA release in the core and shell strikingly differed, with shell displaying slower release and reuptake rates than core. However, cocaine experience differentially altered these signaling patterns by NAc subregion. In the shell, cocaine rats showed less sensitivity to the dynamic range of applied stimulations than controls. In the core, by contrast, cocaine rats displayed robustly reduced peak DA release given the same stimulation, while also showing slower release and reuptake kinetics. The differential effects of cocaine self-administration on terminal function between core and shell is consistent with a region-specific functional reorganization of the mesolimbic DA system after repeated exposure and may provide an anatomical substrate for altered cognitive function after chronic drug-taking and addiction.
Genetics of Skeletal Evolution in Unusually Large Mice from Gough Island
Authors: Parmenter Michelle D , Gray Melissa M , Hogan Caley A , Ford Irene N , Broman Karl W , Vinyard Christopher J , Payseur Bret A
Published: October 2016

Organisms on islands often undergo rapid morphological evolution, providing a platform for understanding mechanisms of phenotypic change. Many examples of evolution on islands involve the vertebrate skeleton. Although the genetic basis of skeletal variation has been studied in laboratory strains, especially in the house mouse Mus musculus domesticus, the genetic determinants of skeletal evolution in natural populations remain poorly understood. We used house mice living on the remote Gough Island—the largest wild house mice on record—to understand the genetics of rapid skeletal evolution in nature. Compared to a mainland reference strain from the same subspecies (WSB/EiJ), the skeleton of Gough Island mice is considerably larger, with notable expansions of the pelvis and limbs. The Gough Island mouse skeleton also displays changes in shape, including elongations of the skull and the proximal vs. distal elements in the limbs. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in a large F2 intercross between Gough Island mice and WSB/EiJ reveals hundreds of QTL that control skeletal dimensions measured at 5, 10, and/or 16 weeks of age. QTL exhibit modest, mostly additive effects, and Gough Island alleles are associated with larger skeletal size at most QTL. The QTL with the largest effects are found on a few chromosomes and affect suites of skeletal traits. Many of these loci also colocalize with QTL for body weight. The high degree of QTL colocalization is consistent with an important contribution of pleiotropy to skeletal evolution. Our results provide a rare portrait of the genetic basis of skeletal evolution in an island population and position the Gough Island mouse as a model system for understanding mechanisms of rapid evolution in nature.
Insight into the Genetically Modified Foods: from the Concerns of Safety to Food Development (Part I)
Authors: Bilder Benjamin G.
Published: October 2016

Genetic engineering is the name of a process in which we add new DNA to an organism manually. The primary purpose is to add some features that are not present in the particular organism. We know that genetically modified crops can help increase the production, and food accessibility can increase multiple folds. There is a scientific concord that genetically manufactured foods presently available in the market are not harmful and are safe to be consumed. They not only increase the food production but also help in increasing the nutritional content. Although there are benefits of genetically modified foods, this technology faces a lot of controversies. Critics include consumer and health groups, importers of grain from European countries, organic farmers, scientists and environmentalists, religious groups, food advocacy groups and ethicists, politicians and traders. Some fears associated are alteration in nutritional quality of food, toxicity, antibiotic resistance, allergy and carcinogenicity. Other concerns are environmental pollution; transfer of genes to plants unintentionally, development of some viruses and toxins, some ethical as well as cultural concerns and fear of the unknown. Supporters of genetic technology are private industrialists, research scientists, a portion of users and farmers and the regulatory authorities.
Some exercises with SIPRI’s military expenditure alpha (α) data: Same story for Greece and Turkey?
Authors: Günlük-Şenesen Gülay
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this article is to assess the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute’s (SIPRI) updated military expenditure data for Greece and Turkey. Testing for data reliability involves two stages. First, for 1949–2014, the time pattern of Turkish military expenditure is explored by comparing national military budget data with the updated SIPRI data. Second, the new data for 1980–2001 are used to replicate an earlier study on possible action-reaction military spending behavior between Greece and Turkey. The findings still hold when the analysis is based on SIPRI’s updated data.
Military expenditure and economic growth in the European Union: Evidence from SIPRI’s extended dataset
Authors: Malizard Julien
Published: October 2016

The aim of this article is to shed light on the fiscal consequences of economic growth in the EU15 countries by disentangling military and civilian government expenditure. Given the newly available extended dataset on military expenditure provided by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), a comparison can be made to older SIPRI data. Using growth theory and panel data analysis, the results show that public spending is growth detrimental and military expenditure is less harmful than nonmilitary, civilian spending. The new data offer a richer pattern of results.
A dynamic panel analysis using SIPRI’s extended military expenditure data: The case of Middle Power nations
Authors: Douch Mohamed , Solomon Binyam
Published: October 2016

This study employs SIPRI’s extended military expenditure dataset to estimate a dynamic panel analysis of Middle Powers’ defense posture. The dynamic approach, particularly the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, permits simultaneous, but separate, assessment of short- and long-run effects of a particular variable on military expenditure. We verify the robustness of earlier findings on Middle Power nations’ defense posture. In particular, their military expenditure tends to an income elasticity of greater than one indicating that military power is, at least in part, a status good. In addition, Middle Powers react to threat variables that proxy global instability, such as nuclear power proliferation, and they use foreign aid as a complementary policy tool. Competing demands for funds lead to significant tradeoffs between military and nonmilitary government spending.
Snakes and ladders: The development and multiple reconstructions of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute’s military expenditure data
Authors: Perlo-Freeman Samuel , Sköns Elisabeth
Published: October 2016

The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute’s military expenditure database is the only long-run, consistent dataset on military expenditure with global coverage. Even though SIPRI’s military expenditure data collection dates back almost to the organization’s beginning in 1966, until recently, consistent data series for most countries have only been available as from 1988 onward. As this article discusses, the history of SIPRI’s military expenditure project includes a number of breaks, the result of staff transitions and failures of record-keeping. As a result, reconstructing the data has been necessary on a number of occasions. The most recent such effort has now succeeded in extending the data backward from 1988 for the great majority of countries—in most cases at least to the 1960s, and for some countries as far back as 1959. This article sets out this history of advances, setbacks, and reconstructions and the methodologies used. In particular, the results of the latest reconstruction effort are presented, and thoughts for future developments laid out.
Military expenditure and economic growth, 1960–2014
Authors: Dunne J. Paul , Tian Nan
Published: October 2016

This article compares results of our 2015 study of the effect of military expenditure on economic growth, 1988–2010, with results using an additional 28 years of data provided in the newly revised and extended SIPRI dataset, 1960–2014. When the additional data points are added, we find no substantive differences and confirm the statistically significant negative effect of military expenditure on growth reported in our prior research. Using the same estimation process, there is no evidence of a structural break in the time series. Considering nonlinearity and heterogeneity, the estimates using the new data for ninety-seven countries are remarkably consistent with the earlier results and, overall, are very similar in sign and statistical significance, and many of the coefficients are larger (more adverse) than before. The new data provide valuable extra information and support for the original findings.
Perspectives on Continuing Constitutional Activism: The Case of the 1969-70 Arkansas Convention Delegates
Authors: English Arthur , Carroll John J.
Published: October 2016

Interviews with 80 of the 100 delegates to the 1969-70 Arkansas Constitutional Convention demonstrate that the delegates have remained active on constitutional reform issues and constitute part of the state's attentive elite on these questions. The agenda of the 1979 Constitutional Convention is found to have been framed substantially by the terms of the 1970 debate. The reordering of priorities which does appear is the product of incremental constitutional reform since 1970 and the intrusion of national economic trends on the state. Delegates believe the major obstacles to constitutional change in Arkansas are public suspicion of change and the opposition of entrenched interest groups.
Black Students' Support for the System
Authors: Whistler Donald E.
Published: October 2016

Employing a volunteer sample of 123 black students, this research finds their political trust in the abstract level of the nation to be high but support for its political institutions, except the United States Supreme Court, to be low. While largely from lower socio-economic backgrounds, the sample is, however, sanguine regarding the effectiveness of the socioeconomic system to improve the racial climate and to produce their life-work desired. Support for within-the-system political activities is high and no support exists for racial separation. Relationships between socio-economic backgrounds, trust in the political system (legitimacy), and systemic effectiveness, on the one hand, and support for conventional/unconventional political activities, on the other, were very scattered and weak.
The Study and Teaching of Arkansas Politics: Political Science as Pioneering
Authors: Blair Diane Kincaid
Published: October 2016

Acknowledging that the political scientist wanting to explore Arkansas government and politics is often frustrated by the lack of sources and data, the author presents a wideranging guide to little known materials. There are a few general reference works, such as the Historical Report of the Secretary of State, and a half-dozen bibliographies and document listings. Numerous documents of more narrow focus are noted, available from various executive, legislative, and judicial offices as well as from university groups and historical societies. The author also offers a syllabus for a course in Arkansas politics, drawing upon a number of the sources cited and focusing on the dramatic change believed to have characterized Arkansas politics in recent years.
The Development of Arkansas’ International Trade: Problems and Progress
Authors: Bigler Gene E.
Published: October 2016

The importance of international exports for Arkansas' economy was recognized belatedly in the state; so, even though momentum was actually built in the 1950s, little additional progress was achieved until the late 1970s. This paper examines both the practical and structural conditions that have impeded the growth of Arkansas' exports and then reviews the progress that has been made in overcoming these obstacles. Contributions from the public and private sectors are considered, as well as problems of coordinating state and federal efforts in order to assist both the manufacturing and agricultural interests of the state.
Arkansas Governors in the Twentieth Century: A Ranking and Analysis
Authors: Ledbetter Cal , Williams C. Fred
Published: October 2016

Some forty-one individuals selected for their knowledge in which they were asked to rank Ark a n s a s governors from 1900 to 1970 in categories ranging from great to poor. Although not one of the sixteen governors was ranked as great, those securing the highest ranking were activist governors with a reformist orientation, and in this sense, the results were similar to those obtained by Arthur S. Schlesinger and others when Presidents of the United States were evaluated by experts on the Presidency. Respondent comments on each governor are summarized and there is also a brief treatment of each governor and the historical period during which he held office.
Surgical treatment of traumatic cervical facet dislocation: anterior, posterior or combined approaches?
Authors: Lins Catarina C. , Prado Diego T. , Joaquim Andrei F.
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Surgical treatment is well accepted for patients with traumatic cervical facet joint dislocations (CFD), but there is uncertainty over which approach is better: anterior, posterior or combined. We performed a systematic literature review to evaluate the indications for anterior and posterior approaches in the management of CFD. Anterior approaches can restore cervical lordosis, and cause less postoperative pain and less wound problems. Posterior approaches are useful for direct reduction of locked facet joints and provide stronger fixation from a biomechanical point of view. Combined approaches can be used in more complex cases. Although both anterior and posterior approaches can be used interchangeably, there are some patients who may benefit from one of them over the other, as discussed in this review. Surgeons who treat cervical spine trauma should be able to perform both procedures as well as combined approaches to adequately manage CFD and improve patients’ final outcomes.
Clinical and genetic basis of congenital myasthenic syndromes
Authors: Souza Paulo Victor Sgobbi de , Batistella Gabriel Novaes de Rezende , Lino Valéria Cavalcante , Pinto Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende , Annes Marcelo , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Neuromuscular junction disorders represent a wide group of neurological diseases characterized by weakness, fatigability and variable degrees of appendicular, ocular and bulbar musculature involvement. Its main group of disorders includes autoimmune conditions, such as autoimmune acquired myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton syndrome. However, an important group of diseases include congenital myasthenic syndromes with a genetic and sometimes hereditary basis that resemble and mimick many of the classic myasthenia neurological manifestations, but also have different presentations, which makes them a complex clinical, therapeutic and diagnostic challenge for most clinicians. We conducted a wide review of congenital myasthenic syndromes in their clinical, genetic and therapeutic aspects.
Pain characterization in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Silva Talita Dias da , Massetti Thais , Monteiro Carlos Bandeira de Mello , Trevizan Isabela Lopes , Arab Claudia , Caromano Fatima Aparecida , Voos Mariana Callil , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle , Favero Francis Meire
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder, characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Historically, pain has not been considered to be a major symptom in DMD. Objective To investigate the relationship between DMD and pain. Methods We conducted a systematic review in Medline/PubMed and BVS (virtual library in health) databases. We searched for articles that showed the terms “Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne” and “Pain” in all fields. All studies included boys diagnosed with DMD and the occurrence/amount of pain on this population. Results Initially, there were 175 studies. 167 articles were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. The remaining eight eligible studies, involving pain assessment in DMD, were analyzed. Conclusion Pain is a frequent problem in this population and this symptom is potentially tractable. Studies conclude that pain can directly influence the quality of life of this population.
Propentofylline reduces glial scar development following gliotoxic damage in the rat brainstem
Authors: Bondan Eduardo Fernandes , Martins Maria de Fátima Monteiro , Dossa Pietro Domingues , Viebig Lígia Bocamino , Cardoso Carolina Vieira , Martins Júnior João Lopes , Bernardi Maria Martha
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Propentofylline is a xanthine derivative that depresses activation of glial cells, whose responses contribute to neural tissue damage during inflammation. Ethidium bromide injection into the central nervous system induces local oligodendroglial and astrocytic loss, resulting in primary demyelination, neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption. Surviving astrocytes present a vigorous reaction around the injury site with increased immunoreactivity to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of propentofylline administration on astrocytic response following gliotoxic injury. Method Wistar rats were injected with ethidium bromide into the cisterna pontis and treated or not with propentofylline (12.5mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) during the experimental period. Brainstem sections were collected from 15 to 31 days after gliotoxic injection and processed for GFAP immunohistochemistry. Results and Conclusion Results demonstrate that propentofylline decreased astrocytic activation until the 21st day, suggesting that this drug may have a role in reducing glial scar development following injury.
Kraepelin’s description of chronic mania: a clinical picture that meets the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia phenotype
Authors: Gambogi Leandro Boson , Guimarães Henrique Cerqueira , Daker Maurício Viotti , Souza Leonardo Cruz de , Caramelli Paulo
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Chronic mania is an under-investigated condition and few reports have associated this disorder with an organic background. The present work examines Kraepelin’s reliable description of chronic mania from a current behavioral neurology viewpoint. Kraepelin had described a cluster of symptoms that are now recognized as core manifestations of the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) clinical phenotype. We also carried out additional reviews of original manuscripts from Kraepelin’s peers, in order to find any case reports that might fulfill the current diagnostic proposal for bvFTD. Even though we failed to find an ideal case, we found some scholars who seemed to agree that chronic mania should be considered a special form of dementia. The present work highlights, through historical data, the possible overlapping features between primary psychiatric disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms secondary to neurodegenerative conditions.
Elastomers three-dimensional biomodels proven to be a trustworthy representation of the angiotomographic images
Authors: Leal André Giacomelli , Pagnan Leonardo Brancia , Kondo Raphael Teruaki , Foggiatto José Aguiomar , Agnoletto Guilherme José , Ramina Ricardo
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture is responsible for 80% of spontaneous arachnoid hemorrhages and associated with an extremely high mortality rate. Two possible surgical interventions are endovascular embolization and microsurgical clipping. Three-dimensional (3D) prototyping models help in surgical planning minimizing perioperative risks in both methods and reducing operating time. Methods 3D biomodels were printed with flexible material (elastomer) using angiotomographic DICOM acquired images and compared to 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images. Results 3D biomodels represented the aneurysm angioarchitecture exactly, especially the neck and domus features. Conclusion Elastomers 3D biomodels proved to be a trustworthy representation of the angiotomographic images and could be used to help surgical planning in IA treatment.
Effects of crocin on brain oxidative damage and aversive memory in a 6-OHDA model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Rajaei Z , Hosseini M , Alaei H
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of crocin on brain oxidative damage and memory deficits in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson’s disease. Male Wistar rats were subjected to unilateral injection of 6-OHDA (16 µg) into the medial forebrain bundle and treated with crocin (30 and 60 mg/kg) for six weeks. The rats were tested for memory performance at six weeks after 6-OHDA infusion, and then were killed for the estimation of biochemical parameters. The increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitrite levels in the hippocampus were observed in the 6-OHDA lesioned rats, which was accompanied by memory deficits in a passive avoidance test at the end of week 6. Moreover, treatment with crocin decreased TBARS and nitrite levels in the hippocampus, and improved aversive memory. The present study conclusively demonstrated that crocin acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in the hippocampus of parkinsonian rats and could improve aversive memory through its properties.
Storage on the vigor and viability of macauba seeds from two provenances of Minas Gerais State
Authors: Souza Patrícia Pereira de , Motoike Sérgio Yoshimitsu , Carvalho Mychelle , Kuki Kacilda Naomi , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e , Silva Antônio Marcos
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: Macauba palm stands out for having favorable features to biodiesel production such as the high oil content of its fruit. Considering the great potential of the species and their applicability in the renewable energy field, it becomes indispensable to establish the right conditions for storing the seeds for propagation purpose. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of seed moisture content, packaging, and storage conditions such as temperature and relative humidity on the quality of seeds from Minas Gerais State, during a 12-month storage period. The research had two independent assays: (I) the seeds were stored with three moisture contents/ranges 4.0≤6.0%; 6.0≤8.0% and 8.0≤10.0% in impermeable packages, under room temperature and at 10ºC; (II) seeds with approximately 5.9% of moisture content were stored in three different types of packages: a) permeable, b) semi-permeable and c) impermeable. Three storing conditions were tested: a) room temperature and RH under laboratory conditions; b) 15ºC and 45% RH; c) 20ºC and 55% RH. Water content, germination rate and germination speed index were evaluated at 0, 4, 8 and 12 months of storing. The best germination results were obtained with the moisture range of 6.0≤8.0%, with seeds kept at room temperature; while the seeds stored at 10ºC, regardless the moisture range, did not survive. The stored seeds with 5.9% moisture content and at both 15ºC/45%RH and 20ºC/55% RH conditions, independently of the package type used, showed the best results. Thus, macaw palm seeds can be classified as intermediates seeds.
Non-destructive models to estimate leaf area on bell pepper crop
Authors: Padrón Richard Alberto Rodríguez , Lopes Sidinei José , Swarowsky Alexandre , Cerquera Roxanna Rosales , Nogueira Cicero Urbanetto , Maffei Miguel
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: The leaf area determination are extremely important in agronomic and physiological studies, as they provide valuable information in vegetable metabolism, methods used for this purpose should be accurate. This study aimed to develop polynomial models to estimate leaf area (LA). The methods used were leaf discs and ImageJ(r) software, with measures of length (L), width (W), and relationship between length times width (LW) in leaves of the bell pepper crop in two field trials with two hybrids: Arcade and Impacto, as well as, the correlation of values found when using the two methods. Through a random sampling, 560 leaves from each hybrid were selected, at different stages of crop growth. Regression analysis of LA versus measures L, W and LW were performed by linear and quadratic models. The variable that best estimated LA was the relationship between LW with linear model (r2=0.98). Measurements of length and width of leaves presented adjustment to quadratic model r2=0.93 and r2=0.91, respectively. The integrator model for all samples and both hybrids was: LA=0.57×LW. The destructive method of leaf discs showed high correlation (r2=0.99) with the non-destructive method of ImageJ(r) software.
Two castes sizes of leafcutter ants in task partitioning in foraging activity
Authors: Toledo Marcelo Arruda de , Ribeiro Pedro Leite , Carrossoni Priscilla Shiota Fedichina , Tomotani João Vitor , Hoffman Ashley Nicole , Klebaner Daniella , Watel Halee Rachel , Iannini Carlos Arturo Navas , Helene André Frazão
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: Task partitioning in eusocial animals is most likely an evolutionary adaptation that optimizes the efficiency of the colony to grow and reproduce. It was investigated indirect task partitioning in two castes sizes; this involves task partitioning in which the material transported is not transferred directly from one individual to another, but where it is dropped by one ant to be picked up by another. In two separate approaches, it was confirmed previous results pertaining to leaf caching activities among Atta colombica with task partitioning activities involving leaf dropping among Atta sexdens rubropilosa , in which there is a correlation between the size of an individual ant and the leaf fragment it transports. It was also suggested that this correlation exists only in individual ants that cut and transport (CaT) the same fragment to the nest. When task partitioning occurs and individual ants transporting (T) leaf fragments cut by other ants, the correlation becomes looser or disappears. We also observed that CaT ants are smaller than T ants.
Postharvest quality of red gerberas depending on the storage temperature
Authors: Muniz Ana Carolina Corrêa , Galati Vanessa Cury , Marques Kelly Magalhães , Mattiuz Claudia Fabrino Machado , Mattiuz Ben-Hur
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to verify the best storage temperature in the postharvest quality conservation of inflorescences of gerberas cv. 'Intenza'. Inflorescences were kept in distilled water and stored at the temperatures of 22ºC (control); 12ºC; 8ºC and 4ºC. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in split plot with two factors: 4 treatments (temperatures) X 4 evaluation dates (0, 3, 6 and 9 days). It was used three replicates, with three inflorescences each. It were evaluated the variation of fresh mass, relative water content, soluble and reducing sugars content and longevity. Results were submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. The inflorescences of gerbera maintained at 4ºC, 8ºC and 12ºC showed a greater postharvest life compared with the inflorescences of the control, highlighting those kept at 4ºC which presented less loss of mass and higher soluble sugar content; thus, maintaining the quality of gerberas for a longer period, with vase life of approximately 15 days.
Myxozoan infection in the muscle layer of the intestine of Rhamdia quelen from the Amazon River Basin, Brazil
Authors: Abrunhosa Jacqueline Pompeu , Silva Michele Velasco Oliveira da , Sindeaux Neto José Ledamir , Santos Patrícia de Fátima Sacco dos , Matos Patrícia Santos , Sanches Osimar de Carvalho , Matos Edilson Rodrigues
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: The present study investigated the morphology and pathology associated with the occurrence of cysts caused by Myxobolus sp. in the intestine of the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen . Comparisons with the other Myxobolus species that infect the intestines of cyprinids and siluriforms revealed that the pyriform spores of Myxobolus sp. are similar in shape to those described previously in M. miyairii, M. duodenalis and M. cunhai, but different in size. Morphometric analyses revealed that mature spores of Myxobolus sp. (10.9 x 5.1μm) are smaller than those of most species except M. cunhai (10.0 x 5.0μm), which has been described infecting the Brazilian catfish Pimelodus clarias , although the spores differ morphologically in relation to the shape of the polar capsules. Further research is necessary in order to clarify the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among these congeneric species.
Anesthetic induction and recovery time of Centropomus parallelus exposed to the essential oil of Aloysia triphylla
Authors: Parodi Thaylise Vey , Santos Celina Alcoforado dos , Veronez Alexandra , Gomes Levy de Carvalho , Heinzmann Berta Maria , Baldisserotto Bernardo
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: This study analyzed the effectiveness of the essential oil of Aloysia triphylla (EOA) as an anesthetic and stress reducing agent in the transport of fat snook ( Centropomus parallelus ). Juveniles were exposed to different concentrations of EOA (seawater-adapted: 25-300μL L-1; freshwater-adapted: 200μL L-1) to identify the anesthetic induction and recovery times. In an additional experiment, seawater-adapted fat snook were transported in plastic bags with 10 or 20μL L-1 EOA for 6 or 24h. The increased concentration of EOA proportionally decreased the time required for anesthesia induction. Mortality was 30 and 70% in fat snook transported with 10 and 20µL L-1, respectively, 24h after transport. The addition of 20µL L-1 EOA significantly reduced plasma cortisol levels during transport compared to the control group, but increased blood glucose levels after 6 and 12h of transport. The EOA reduced total ammonia and dissolved oxygen levels at the end of transport compared to control fish. The EOA is recommended for sedation (25-50µL L-1) and anesthesia (100-300µL L-1) but not for transport of fat snook because it increased mortality.
Occurrence of eggs and oocysts of gastrointestinal parasites in passerine birds kept in captivity in Para State, Brazil
Authors: Magalhães-Matos Paulo Cesar , Silva Michele Bahia do Vale , Souza Paulo Geovani Silva , Lima Danillo Henrique da Silva , Morais Rodrigo de , Farias Diana Maria de , Alvarenga Laís Cristina Oliveira , Gabriel Áurea Martins , Oliveira Wanessa Batista Lima , Góes-Cavalcante Gustavo , Scofield Alessandra
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to detect helminth eggs and protozoan oocysts in samples of feces from birds of the order Passeriformes in Para State, Brazil. Fecal samples were collected individually from 403 passerine birds seized and kept in captivity in Para State. Samples were processed by the double centrifugation technique in saturated sucrose solution and the coccidial oocyst-positive samples were submitted to sporulation in potassium dichromate 2.0%. Helminth eggs and/or protozoan oocysts were observed in 43.18% (174/403) of the fecal samples examined. Coccidial oocysts were detected in 93.68% (163/174) of the positive samples, whereas helminth eggs were observed in 10.34% (18/174) of the positive samples. Oocyst sporulation occurred in 43.56% (71/163) of the samples, and only Isospora spp. oocysts were detected. Nematode eggs of the superfamilies Trichostrongyloidea (4.60%; 8/174), Ascaridoidea (0.57%; 1/174), and Trichuroidea (0.57%; 1/174) were diagnosed in the positive samples. Cestoda eggs were diagnosed in 2.87% (5/174), whereas Trematoda eggs were detected in 2.30% (4/174) of positive samples. Passerine birds seized and kept in captivity in the visited local presented parasitism by intestinal helminths and protozoan, with a predominance of infection with coccidia of the gender Isospora.
Genetic use restriction technologies and possible applications in the integrated pest management
Authors: Dalazen Giliardi , Merotto Júnior Aldo
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: Genetic use restriction technologies (GURTs) were developed to preserve the intellectual property of genetically modified crops (GM) and ensure the return of investments made by industry to obtain technology delivered through seeds. The aims of this review are to discuss the GURTs and analyze their possible applications in integrated management of agricultural pests. There are two classes of GURTs: T-GURTs (trait-based GURTs), wherein the generated seed are viable, but the next generation does not express the trait of agronomic interest, and V-GURT (variety-based GURTs), in which plants produce non viable seeds. However, beyond the seed protection purpose, the GURTs could have also other application to solve agronomic problems. One of the most important is the use of GURTs as a tool to restrict gene flow of GM traits to relative weeds. In addition, it is proposed the use of this technology in integrated weed management by preventing the GMs seed germination, which produces volunteer plants that compete with the crop of interest. Also, these volunteer plants may serve as alternative hosts for insects and pathogens in between crop seasons. The GURTs could contribute to the control of undesirable agents in agricultural systems, reducing the use of pesticides and increasing crop yields.
Intermittent lighting programs for layers with different photophases in the beginning of the laying phase
Authors: Yuri Flavio Manabu , Souza Cleverson de , Schneider Aline Felix , Gewehr Clóvis Eliseu
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: It was possible to evaluate the effect of continuous and intermittent lighting programs with different photophases on the performance and eggs quality of laying hens, applied to the beginning of the laying phase. The authors used 420 Hy-line Brown laying hens with 21 weeks of age, bred on bedding and submitted for six periods of 28 days between the solstice of summer and winter. The three lighting programs were: (PIC) 16 hours of continuos light, intermittent program with initial and final photophases of 15 minutes (PII15) and an intermittent program with initial and final photophases of 30 minutes (PII30). A completely randomized design with ten repetitions of 14 birds was used. The mean values were subjected analysis of variance and analyzed by the Tukey test (5%). The PIC program showed higher feed intake and eggs' mass about the PII15, and the eggs production of birds, in the PIC, was 1.8% greater than the intermittent photoperiods. Programs of light did not change the egg quality. The intermittent programs for semi-heavy laying hens bred on bedding in an open shed, applied at the beginning of the laying phase, reduced the productive performance of the birds without affecting the eggs quality.
Development and evaluation of mosapride citrate orally disintegrating tablets for dogs
Authors: Yi Tingting
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to prepare orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) of mosapride citrate for dogs with fast disintegration and low cost. The ODTs were developed by varying the components and the ratio of excipients. A direct compression method was used. The properties of the ODTs, including hardness, friability, active ingredient content, and in vitro disintegration time, were investigated, and an economic analysis of the formulations was performed. For all formulations, friability was less than 1%, and the hardness varied from 37.69±4.08 to 48.73±5.62 N, which indicated that the tablets had sufficient mechanical integrity to withstand packaging and carrying. Results showed that Formulation (F) 2, containing 5% sodium carboxymethyl starch; F3, containing 5% low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose; and F5 had not only shorter disintegration times but also lower costs, which were suitable for mosapride citrate ODTs. Although F1, contained 5% croscarmellose sodium, and F4, contained 5% crospovidone, with shorter disintegration times, the costs of F1 and F4 were 25.8% and 22.6% higher than that of F5, respectively. Results also revealed that the disintegration time of F5 was not significantly different from those of F1, F2, F3, and F4 (p>0.05), all of which contained superdisintegrants. Without superdisintegrants, F5, which contained a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, and lactose, was also able to achieve a short disintegration time and to meet the requirements of ODTs for dogs.
THE NEGOTIATOR THAT WE HAVE AND THE NEGOTIATOR THAT WE WANT IN NURSING
Authors: Eduardo Elizabete Araújo , Peres Aida Maris , Kalinowski Carmem Elizabeth , Cunha Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm , Bernardino Elizabeth
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the negotiator profile of nurse managers of a public hospital. Data collection occurred between April and June of 2012, using a semi-structured questionnaire and a logical framework as a resource for planning the development of the action plan prepared by the nine nurses who participated in the study. In the data analysis, the following categories were identified: the negotiating process; the negotiator that we have in nursing; and the negotiator that we want, according to Bardin's content analysis technique. It was evident that the nurse negotiator profile was marked by the lack of autonomy and legitimacy. The conclusion shows that nurses are essential in the negotiating process when they understand the principles of conflict management, the establishment of rules and acceptable behavior, and the instrumentalization of the teamwork to develop healthy spaces in redefining the conflict as a situation that can contribute to organizational growth.
DOCTOR OF NURSING: CAPACITY FOR BUILDING A PROFESSIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC CAREER PROJECT
Authors: Gomes Diana Coelho , Prado Marta Lenise do , Canever Bruna Pedroso , Jesus Bruna Helena de , Sebold Luciara Fabiane , Backes Vânia Marli Schuberts
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT This was an exploratory and analytical research with a qualitative approach which aimed to understand how newly graduated doctors of nursing built their scientific career projects, considering the eight domains of the Profile of the Doctor of Nursing of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Ministry of Education/Brazil. Sixteen graduates of Graduate Nursing Programs in Brazil with grades five, six and seven, graduated between the years 2008-2012, were interviewed. From the data analysis, five categories emerged: starting careers; seeking the stricto sensu education for professors; recognizing professional training; seeking fulfillment and professional development; and planning careers: facing challenges and barriers. It was possible to reflect upon the lives and needs inherent in the preparation of doctors of nursing for employment in the labor market and on the planning of their professional and scientific careers, in addition to identifying factors of suffering and professional dissatisfaction.
THE SOCIAL VALUE IN NURSING STUDENTS' DISCOURSE: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL ENCOUNTER WITH MAX SCHELER
Authors: Guimarães Gilberto de Lima , Chianca Tania Couto Machado , Goveia Vania Regina , Souza Kleyde Ventura de , Mendoza Isabel Yovana Quispe , Viana Ligia de Oliveira
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT The study aimed to identify and understand, in the student's discourse, the social value and discuss it in the light of some of Max Scheler's assumptions. The senior students in Nursing take an existential place in the world, giving it meaning and sense through their opinion. The research is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The subjects were 10 senior students from the Nursing course in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected from August to September, 2014, through interviews. Dilthey's hermeneutics was used to unveil the meaning of the statements. The social value emerged in the discourse, expressing solidarity based on sympathy. The social value was recognized as a constituent of the axiological field that founds the profession and is essential for nursing care. It is acknowledged that the "logic of reason" and the "logic of the heart" are complementary and combine the art and science of nursing.
TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE SELF-EFFICACY AND THEIR CHILD'S LEVEL OF ASTHMA CONTROL SCALE: BRAZILIAN VERSION
Authors: Gomes Ana Lúcia Araújo , Ximenes Lorena Barbosa , Mendes Elizamar Regina da Rocha , Teixeira Olinda Costa Mota , Joventino Emanuella Silva , Javorski Marly
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the Self-Efficacy and Their Child's Level Asthma Control scale to Brazil's cultural reality and evaluate the content validity of the Portuguese version. A methodological study that followed the stages: initial translation into Portuguese language by two independent translators; translation synthesis; translation of the scale's synthesis back into its original English language (back-translation); pre-test of the final version with 30 parents/guardians and content validation. The pre-test evaluation led to modifications for the target population's better understanding. Content validity obtained by means of analysis of the scale by the committee of experts was considered adequate (CVI>0.80). The scale's application time with each participant ranged between 5-13 minutes. An increase in the scale's application in Brazil is recommended, with the aim of improving its psychometric properties, as well as obtaining parameters for control and management interventions in childhood asthma.
THE NURSING DIAGNOSIS 'IMPAIRED WALKING' IN ELDERLY: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Marques-Vieira Cristina Maria Alves , Sousa Luís Manuel Mota de , Sousa Lisete Maria Ribeiro de , Berenger Sílvia Maria Alves Caldeira
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Walk is an activity that requires different skills and can be highly complex particularly for the elderly. The aim was to identify the defined characteristics and related factors of the nursing diagnosis impaired walking in elderly. A Systematic literature review, based on a search done between January and March 2014, in the electronic platforms EBSCO Host (r) , SCOPUS and ISI, and using the search strategy walk* OR gait AND Nurs*. A sample of 36 studies was obtained. A total of 17 defined characteristics and 34 related factors were identified. Among all, nine defined characteristics and 20 related factors are not listed in the diagnosis of NANDA International. This research identified new defined characteristics and related factors not listed in NANDA International. This study is a contribution to the development of the taxonomy of NANDA International, which should represent nursing knowledge, and this highlights some implications for clinical practice, education and further research.
COMBINING VARIOUS FORMS OF TREATMENT TO HEALTH: A STUDY OF ELDERLY IN PRIMARY CARE
Authors: Oliveira Luciane Paula Batista Araújo de , Santos Sílvia Maria Azevedo dos
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the contextual conditions that influence the use of medications in elderly assisted in primary health care. Qualitative study with contribution of Grounded Theory, held in Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, where 30 elderly patients on medications were interviewed . Data were coded and a model consisting of nine categories was generated. The two categories that explain the contextual conditions of the phenomenon are, Interacting with the support network and The concurrent use of medicines, teas, home remedies and faith, but only the latter is the subject of discussion in this article. To accommodate various treatments, the elderly tried to understand and compare their functions and exercise the faith in God. The act of reconciling different treatments is part of contextual conditions that influence the phenomenon studied, creating a set of circumstances to which these seniors accounted seeking strategies to deal with drug use in daily life.