bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor Expression Determines Keratinocyte Fate upon Stimulation with TNF-Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis
Authors: Wang Xuening , Cheng Dan , Hu Guanglei , Liang Lili , Tan Fei , Xiao Tong , Xiao Shengxiang , Xia Yumin
Published: December 2019

The interaction between tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) regulates the fate of keratinocytes, depending on the relative expression of TNF receptor (TNFR) 1 or TNFR2. However, the precise mechanism underlying this TWEAK-mediated regulation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to provide comprehensive insight into the roles of Fn14, TNFR1/2, and other relevant molecules in the fate of keratinocytes. Further, we sought to elucidate the structural basis for the interaction of TWEAK and Fn14 in regulating cellular outcomes. Normal keratinocytes (mainly expressing TNFR1) and TNFR2-overexpressing keratinocytes were stimulated with TWEAK. Through immunoprecipitation and Western blotting of keratinocyte lysates, we elucidated the associations between Fn14, TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1), and TNFR1/2 molecules. Additionally, we found that TRAF2 exhibited binding to Fn14, cIAP1, and TNFR1/2. Our data suggest that TWEAK induces apoptosis in normal keratinocytes and proliferation in TNFR2-overexpressing keratinocytes in a TNF-α-independent manner; however, inhibition of TRAF2 appears to reverse this effect. Interestingly, the interaction between TWEAK and Fn14 increased TNFR1-associated death domain protein and caspase-8 expression in normal keratinocytes and promoted cytoplasmic import of cIAP1 in TNFR2-overexpressing keratinocytes. In conclusion, we found that the Fn14-TRAF2-TNFR signaling axis mediates TWEAK’s regulation of the fate of keratinocytes, possibly in a manner involving the TNF-α-independent TNFR signal transduction.
The Indirect ELISA Trypanosoma evansi in Equids: Optimisation and Application to a Serological Survey including Racing Horses, in Thailand
Authors: Camoin Margot , Kocher Arthur , Chalermwong Piangjai , Yangtarra Sarawut , Kamyingkird Ketsarin , Jittapalapong Sathaporn , Desquesnes Marc
Published: December 2019

Surra, caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is a widely distributed animal trypanosomosis; it affects both domestic and wild mammals with high economic impact. Clinical picture is moderate in bovines but severe in equids. Surra is also an important constraint for international animal trade and movements. Despite its impact, surra remains poorly diagnosed because of low sensitivity tests. To improve epidemiological knowledge of the disease and to secure international movement, efficient diagnosis tools are required. Here, we optimized and applied to equids the OIE-recommended indirect ELISA T. evansi that was validated in other species. Based on 96 positive and 1,382 negative horse reference samples from Thailand, a TG-ROC analysis was conducted to define the cutoff value. ELISA’s sensitivity and specificity were estimated at 97.5% and 100%, respectively, qualifying the test to provide a reliable immune status of equids. The test was then applied on 1,961 horse samples from 18 Thai Provinces; the only scarce positives suggested that horses do not constitute a reservoir of T. evansi in Thailand. All samples from racing horses were negative. Conversely, two outbreaks of surra reported to our laboratory, originating from a bovine reservoir, exhibited high morbidity and lethality rates in horses. Finally, posttreatment follow-ups of infected animals allowed us to provide outbreak management guidelines.
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Patients: Characterization and Evaluation of a Potential Biomarker
Authors: Zhang Kui , Zhou Yaxin , Cheng Xiaojing , Fu Xianghui , Du Wanglei , Feng Yuan , Jia Junfeng , Yang Xichao , Xiao Guangzhi , Zheng Zhaohui , Zhu Ping , Wu Zhenbiao
Published: December 2019

Objective. To determine the subcellular localization of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in labial salivary gland (LSG) and evaluate the diagnostic use of the extracellular domain of EpCAM (EpEX) and intracellular domain (EpICD) for primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Methods. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was conducted using EpEX and EpICD domain-specific antibodies on labial salivary gland biopsy (LSGB) from participants. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact analysis, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test compared differences among groups. Independent risk factors of pSS were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. Receiver-operator characteristic curves (ROC) were carried out to estimate the diagnostic value. Results. Compared to non-SS controls, loss of membranous EpEX and EpICD expression was observed in LSGB of pSS patients, which occurred in parallel with increased accumulation of cytoplastic and nuclear EpICD. The subcellular EpEX/EpICD expressions were associated with various features of pSS patients, especially histopathological grade of LSGB. Furthermore, high IHC scores of membranous EpEX were independent risk factors for pSS, even for the pSS patients at early stage. The IHC scores of subcellular EpEX/EpICD were of great diagnostic value for pSS with high sensitivity (70-80%) and specificity (85-95%). Conclusion. This study first found the aberrant expression pattern of EpCAM in LSG of pSS patients. The IHC scores of subcellular EpEX/EpICD were demonstrated to have the potential to act as diagnostic biomarkers for pSS.
Indicators of Quality of Clinical Care for Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Attal Saleh , Mahmoud Mohamed H. , Aseel Muna Taher , Candra Ady , Amuna Paul , Elnagmi Mohamed , Abdallah Mostafa , Ismail Nahed , Abdelrazek Ahmed , Albaw Dia , Albashir Abdulsalam , Elmahdi Hisham
Published: December 2019

Background. Despite the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Gulf countries, standards of diabetes care at the primary care level have not been widely studied. Aim. To compare the results of diabetes clinical indicators from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2017 guidelines to the reference benchmarks in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional analysis of electronic medical records in 643 randomly selected adult patients with type 2 diabetes was undertaken. A checklist enabled the collection of sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, and quality measurement data. Data were analyzed using Stata 9.0. The chi-squared test was used to compare two or more proportions. Results. There were 643 patients (male = 60.3%; female = 39.7%), and the majority (71.7%) aged between 40 and 64 years. Common comorbidities were dyslipidemia (72.3%), hypertension (70%), obesity (50.1%), and preobesity (overweight) (37.9%). Over 15% were smokers. The most commonly prescribed diabetes medications were metformin (89.9%), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (61.1%), and sulfonylureas (49.3%). Only 35.5% (p<0.0001) of patients met the reference glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) cutoff level of 7.0%. The reference level for blood pressure control was met by 70.2% (p<0.0001) and for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 73.8% (p<0.0001). Albuminuria was present in 39.2%, and very low vitamin D level (<20 ng/ml) in 39.1%. Most patients had annual foot (89.6%, p<0.0001) and eye (72.3%, p<0.0001) examinations. Only 39.9% had referrals for dietary counseling, and there were lower rates of referrals and uptake for pneumococcal, influenza, and hepatitis B vaccines. Most (76.2%) did not have screening for depression. Conclusion. The majority of the results met the ADA standards, while glycemic control, dietary counseling, and screening for depression were poor in comparison to the standards. Continuing education for clinicians, patient education for self-management, and targeted weight management are recommended.
Effect of Microwave Irradiation on Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Carrier of Silver Nanoparticles in Short Exposure Time
Authors: Nguyen Dat Tan , Ly Khanh Loan , Tran Nam Minh-Phuong , Ho Minh Hieu , Tran Trang Thi-Phuong , Nguyen Thi-Hiep , Nhi Dang Ngọc Thao , Vo Van Toi
Published: December 2019

Microwave heating of Ag+ in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is an effective method to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), a broad-range antibacterial agent. However, the microwave may cause PVA solution to dry out and degrade. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of microwave irradiation on different concentrations of PVA in PVA/Ag+ solution in short periods of exposure. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to evaluate chemical changes of samples with different exposure times and PVA concentration. The results confirm the redox reaction of Ag+ with PVA. In addition, Ag+ reduces the rate of hydrolysis of PVA, and the ether bridges are limited by the spatial structure.
Long-Term Voluntary Physical Exercise Exerts Neuroprotective Effects and Motor Disturbance Alleviation in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tsai Wan-Ling , Chen Hsin-Yung , Huang Ying-Zu , Chen Yuan-Hao , Kuo Chi-Wei , Chen Kai-Yun , Hsieh Tsung-Hsun
Published: December 2019

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting 7–10 million individuals. The pathologic hallmark of PD is nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron loss, leading to several motor and nonmotor disturbances, such as akinesia, gait disturbance, depression, and anxiety. Recent animal studies have demonstrated that physical exercise improves behavioral and neuropathological deficits in PD. However, the exact underlying mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether long-term exercise has neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons and whether it further alleviates impairment of the gait pattern, locomotor activity, akinesia, and anxiety-like behavior in PD rats. Methods. A hemiparkinsonian rat model, generated by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle, was applied to evaluate neuroprotective effects and motor behaviors. Comprehensive spatiotemporal gait analysis, open-field locomotor activity, akinesia, apomorphine-induced rotational analysis, and dopaminergic neuron degeneration level were assessed every week and up to 8 weeks after daily voluntary running wheel exercise. Results. Compared with the sham-treated group, we found that 10 weeks of voluntary exercise (i.e., 2-week exercise before PD lesion and 8-week exercise post-PD lesion) significantly reduced 6-OHDA-induced motor deficits in the gait pattern, akinesia, and rotational behavior in the exercise group. Immunohistochemically, a tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neuron in the substantia nigra was significantly preserved in the exercise group. Conclusions. Our results demonstrated that long-term exercise training is effective for neuroprotection and further attenuates motor declines induced by 6-OHDA in an experimental model of PD. Our data further highlighted potential therapeutic effects of long-term physical exercise relevant to clinical effects for further potential application on human PD subjects.
Histological and Transmission Electron Microscopy Results after Embolization with HydroSoft/HydroFrame Coils in Experimental Swine Aneurysm
Authors: Iseki Seisuke , Mitome-Mishima Yumiko , Ogino Ikuko , Suga Yasuo , Yatomi Kenji , Nonaka Senshu , Miyamoto Nobukazu , Kondo Akihide , Yamamoto Munetaka , Arai Hajime , Oishi Hidenori
Published: December 2019

Coiling and clipping are standard treatment strategies for cerebral aneurysms. Regardless of the strategy used, recanalization may affect the patient’s prognosis. The aim of this study was to histologically and morphologically compare the tissue proliferation after coil embolization using bare platinum coils versus second-generation hydrogel coils (HydroSoft/HydroFrame; MicroVention, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, USA). Endothelial-like cell proliferation was seen in both groups at 2 weeks after surgery. Macroscopic findings showed a tighter layer at 4 weeks in the hydrogel coil group, and histological and immunohistochemical findings revealed endothelial cell proliferation. This layer became much thicker and tighter at 4 weeks after surgery. Aneurysms treated with second-generation hydrogel coils may be more stable and have a lower incidence of recanalization than those treated with bare platinum coils because of the tight endothelial layer proliferation.
Autologous Microfragmented Adipose Tissue Reduces the Catabolic and Fibrosis Response in an In Vitro Model of Tendon Cell Inflammation
Authors: Viganò Marco , Lugano Gaia , Perucca Orfei Carlotta , Menon Alessandra , Ragni Enrico , Colombini Alessandra , De Luca Paola , Randelli Pietro , de Girolamo Laura
Published: December 2019

Background. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerged as a promising therapy for tendon pathologies. Microfragmented adipose tissue (μFAT) represents a convenient autologous product for the application of MSC-based therapies in the clinical setting. In the present study, the ability of μFAT to counteract inflammatory processes induced by IL-1β on human tendon cells (TCs) was evaluated. Methods. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated after 48 hours of transwell coculture of TCs and autologous μFAT in the presence or absence of IL-1β. Gene expression of scleraxis, collagen type I and type III, metalloproteinases-1 and -3, and cyclooxygenase-2 was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. The content of VEGF, IL-1Ra, TNFα, and IL-6 was evaluated by ELISA. Results. IL-1β-treated TCs showed augmented collagen type III, metalloproteases, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. μFAT was able to reduce the expression of collagen type III and metalloproteases-1 in a significant manner, and at the same time, it enhanced the production of VEGF, IL-1Ra, and IL-6. Conclusions. In this in vitro model of tendon cell inflammation, the paracrine action of μFAT, exerted by anti-inflammatory molecules and growth factors, was able to inhibit the expression of fibrosis and catabolic markers. Then, these results suggest that the application of μFAT may represent an effective conservative or adjuvant therapy for the treatment of tendon disorders.
Factors Associated with Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure Measured as Part of Routine Clinical Care among Patients Attending Cardiology Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern Sri Lanka
Authors: Kumanan Thirunavukarasu , Sujanitha Vathulan , Guruparan Mahesan , Rajeshkannan Nadarajah
Published: December 2019

Visit-to-visit variability (VVV) is a relatively new concept in the hypertensive arena. Data regarding VVV are lacking in our region, and factors associated with VVV are rarely examined in previous studies. This study was conducted among 406 patients attended to the cardiology outpatient department of Teaching Hospital, Jaffna, Sri Lanka, in 2018 to assess the long-term variability of blood pressure (BP) by reviewing last six consecutive BP readings from the records retrospectively. Data regarding sociodemographic variables and behavioural factors such as medication adherence, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and relevant comorbidities were taken through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed by using SPSS version 25 and VVV of systolic blood pressure (SBP) matrix expressed as mean of SD and association were examined with various factors and VVV of SBP. SBP showed high VVV among the participants as expressed by mean of SD which was 13.06 ± 5.64. When comparing mean SD among the categories of different variables, female sex (P=0.023) and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM) (P=0.013), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (P=0.007), and risk of developing obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) (P=0.04) showed significant variation. Medication adherence to prescribed hypertensive medication was a major issue even though significant association was not found with high VVV (P=0.536). The SD of SBP was then classified into high and low VVV groups by means of a cutoff point at the 50th percentile. Bivariate analysis by using Chi-squared test revealed comorbidities such as DM, CKD, and physical activity (P=0.044) were significantly associated with high VVV. Further multivariate regression analysis revealed that comorbidities such as DM and CKD have 1.561 times and 5.999 times more risk to show high variability, respectively. In conclusion, we recommend simple practical measures to achieve sustainable BP control among hypertensive patients with DM and CKD to minimize the VVV and improve their cardiovascular outcome.
Amino Acid-Mediated Metabolism: A New Power to Influence Properties of Stem Cells
Authors: Liu Jilan , Qin Xianyun , Pan Dongfeng , Zhang Bin , Jin Feng
Published: December 2019

The self-renewal and differentiation potentials of stem cells are dependent on amino acid (AA) metabolism. We review the literature on the metabolic preference of both cancer and noncancer stem cells. The balance in AA metabolism is responsible for maintaining the functionality of noncancer stem cells, and altering the levels of AAs can influence the malignant biological behavior of cancer stem cells. AAs are considered nutrients participating in metabolism and playing a critical role in maintaining the activity of normal stem cells and the effect of therapy of cancer stem cells. Targeting AA metabolism helps inhibit the stemness of cancer stem cells and remodels the function of normal stem cells. This review summarizes the metabolic characteristics and regulation pathways of AA in different stem cells, not only from the nutritional perspective but also from the genomic perspective that have been reported in the recent five years. In addition, we briefly survey new therapeutic modalities that may help eradicate cancer stem cells by exploiting nutrient deprivation. Understanding AA uptake characteristics helps researchers define the preference for AA in different stem cells and enables clinicians make timely interventions to specifically target the cell behavior.
Dynamically Dimensioned Search Grey Wolf Optimizer Based on Positional Interaction Information
Authors: Yan Fu , Xu Jianzhong , Yun Kumchol
Published: December 2019

The grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm is a recently developed, novel, population‐based optimization technique that is inspired by the hunting mechanism of grey wolves. The GWO algorithm has some distinct advantages, such as few algorithm parameters, strong global optimization ability, and ease of implementation on a computer. However, the paramount challenge is that there are some cases where the GWO is prone to stagnation in local optima. This drawback of the GWO algorithm may be attributed to an insufficiency in its position‐updated equation, which disregards the positional interaction information about the three best grey wolves (i.e., the three leaders). This paper proposes an improved version of the GWO algorithm that is based on a dynamically dimensioned search, spiral walking predation technique, and positional interaction information (referred to as the DGWO). In addition, a nonlinear control parameter strategy, i.e., the control parameter that is nonlinearly increased with an increase in iterations, is designed to balance the exploration and exploitation of the GWO algorithm. The experimental results for 23 general benchmark functions and 3 well‐known engineering optimization design applications validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed DGWO algorithm. The comparison results for the 23 benchmark functions show that the proposed DGWO algorithm performs significantly better than the GWO and its improved variant for most benchmarks. The DGWO provides the highest solution precision, strongest robustness, and fastest convergence rate among the compared algorithms in almost all cases.
Preparation and Conductive and Electromagnetic Properties of Fe3O4/PANI Nanocomposite via Reverse In Situ Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Di , Chen Huaiyin , Hong Ruoyu
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the magnetite/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite was prepared by the novel reverse in situ polymerization method. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized in situ in PANI chloroform solution to form a suspension containing the Fe3O4/PANI nanocomposite. It overcame the disadvantage of oxidation of the Fe3O4 by the oxidant in conventional method. The Fe3O4/PANI chloroform suspension and the Fe3O4/PANI powder were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, XRD, vibrating sample magnetometer, Gouy magnetic balance, conductivity meter, and vector network analyzer. It is demonstrated that the Fe3O4/PANI suspension has a good electrical conductivity that is up to 2.135 μS/cm at the optimal ratio of reactants. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles are well dispersed in the PANI network with a particle size of about 10 nm. Fe3O4/PANI powder has high saturation magnetization and magnetic susceptibility, as well as a broad application prospect in the field of electromagnetic devices. The Fe3O4/PANI powder exhibits an excellent microwave absorption behavior, which can be an outstanding candidate for the rapid development of broadband shielding materials.
Hodgkin Lymphoma Mimicking Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma: A Rare Case with Diagnostic Challenge and Novel Treatment
Authors: Thodou Eleni , Befani Maria , Triantafyllidis George , Choreftaki Theodosia , Kanellis George , Giannakoulas Nikolaos
Published: December 2019

Extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma involving the breast is infrequent. Most cases reported in the literature were diagnosed by histology after lumpectomy. We present a Hodgkin lymphoma mimicking inflammatory breast carcinoma in a 57-year-old woman. The diagnosis was performed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the breast lesion and the axillary lymph nodes with rapid on-site evaluation followed by immunocytochemistry, and it was confirmed by histology. The patient after first-line chemotherapy developed relapse/refractory disease. Salvage chemotherapy regimens were applied with poor results and severe toxicity. Total remission was achieved with monotherapy of brentuximab vedotin, a novel anti-CD30-targeted antibody drug conjugate. This is a unique case of breast HL with misleading clinical presentation initially diagnosed by cytology. FNA as a minimally invasive diagnostic tool was crucial in avoiding unnecessary breast surgery and further delay of chemotherapy. It is also the first report highlighting the importance of this novel immunotherapy in the management of refractory Hodgkin lymphoma with breast involvement.
Netrin-1 and Its Receptor DCC Are Causally Implicated in Melanoma Progression
Authors: Boussouar Amina , Tortereau Antonin , Manceau Ambroise , Paradisi Andrea , Gadot Nicolas , Vial Jonathan , Neves David , Larue Lionel , Battistella Maxime , Leboeuf Christophe , Lebbé Celeste , Janin Anne , Mehlen Patrick
Published: December 2019

Deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), the receptor for the multifunctional cue netrin-1, acts as a tumor suppressor in intestinal cancer and lung metastasis by triggering cancer cell death when netrin-1 is lowly expressed. Recent genomic data highlighted that DCC is the third most frequently mutated gene in melanoma; we therefore investigated whether DCC could act as a melanoma tumor suppressor. Reexpressing DCC in human melanoma cell lines promoted tumor cell death and tumor growth inhibition in xenograft mouse models. Genetic silencing of DCC prodeath activity in a BRAFV600E mouse model increased the proportion of mice with melanoma, further supporting that DCC is a melanoma tumor suppressor. Netrin-1 expression was elevated in melanoma compared with benign melanocytic lesions. Upregulation of netrin-1 in the skin cells of a BRAFV600E-mutated murine model reduced cancer cell death and promoted melanoma progression. Therapeutic antibody blockade of netrin-1 combined with dacarbazine increased overall survival in several mouse melanoma models. Together, these data support that interfering with netrin-1 could be a viable therapeutic approach in patients with netrin-1–expressing melanoma.

Significance:

Netrin-1 and its receptor DCC regulate melanoma progression, suggesting therapeutic targeting of this signaling axis as a viable option for melanoma treatment.
Spontaneous Necrosis of a Large Choroidal Melanoma: Unusual Presentation in a 49-Year-Old Male
Authors: Baumann Carmen , Iannetta Danilo , Coupland Sarah E. , Groenewald Carl , Vishwanath Mandagere , Heimann Heinrich
Published: December 2019

Purpose: To demonstrate a case of massive vitreous haemorrhage obscuring the underlying diagnosis of a large mixed-cell choroidal melanoma which had undergone spontaneous necrosis. Case Report: A 49-year-old man in good general health suddenly lost vision in his right eye due to an extensive vitreous haemorrhage 1 day after a workout at the gym. He reported good vision prior to that without any symptoms of flashes, floaters, or shadows. He was referred to the vitreoretinal department of a tertiary eye hospital, where he presented with a drop in vision to light perception only in the right phakic eye. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in the right eye, which revealed intraoperatively massive retinal ischemia and choroidal haemorrhage, but no obvious tumour mass that could have been biopsied. The vitrectomy cassette specimen was sent for histopathology, where “ghost-like” melanoma cells were identified. The eye was subsequently enucleated, revealing an extensively necrotic and haemorrhagic choroidal melanoma of mixed cell type with only small viable tumour foci at the base and almost complete lysis of the detached retina. Conclusion: Some uveal melanomas (UMs) undergo spontaneous necrosis due to rapid growth, with the centre of the tumour outstripping its established blood supply in the “watershed area” of the eye, and becoming hypoxic with associated necrosis of intraocular structures. Such UMs are often associated with haemorrhage and/or inflammation and usually cause significant destruction of ocular tissues, resulting in enucleation as the only treatment option.
Evaluation of Postoperative Delirium: Validity and Reliability of the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale in the Turkish Language
Authors: Çınar Fadime , Eti Aslan Fatma
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Postoperative delirium is the most well-known form of postoperative cognitive impairment in all patient groups, especially in the elderly. Delirium is a syndrome that causes serious consequences, increasing mortality and morbidity rates and extending the length of hospital stay. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC). Method: One hundred twelve patients who were hospitalized for a surgical operation in the orthopedics, neurosurgery, and general surgery clinic of a state hospital for 3 months were evaluated concurrently (and independently for delirium). Patients were observed by clinical nurses 3 times over a 24-h period. The presence of delirium was diagnosed by 2 neurologists according to DSM-IV criteria. Student’s t test, the χ2 test, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used, and construct validity, intrascale factor analysis, interrater reliability, and specificity and sensitivity (ROC) analyses were performed for descriptive analysis. SPSS 25.0 and MedCalc18.6 were used for statistical analysis. Results: Delirium was detected in 28 patients according to the Nu-DESC. The ICC (intraclass correlation) is 0.97 in the 95% confidence interval from 0.96 to 0.98 for agreement between nurses and neurologists for the total Nu-DESC score. Weighted κ rates were between 0.78 and 0.92. In the ROC analysis of the Nu-DESC scale, the optimum cutoff value calculated for the 1,344 observations and 112 patients was determined as >1 according to the maximum sensitivity and the specific situation. Sensitivity at the cut-off point was 92.27; specificity was determined as 92.72. The Youden index was found to be J = 0.845 (0 < J = 0.845 < 1). Conclusion: We believe that Turkish translation of Nu-DESC is valid and reliable for clinicians, nurses, and researchers and will contribute to delirium studies.
Review of the Literature on the Occurrence of Delirium after Veno-Venous and Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Krupa Sabina , Ozga Dorota
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an extracorporeal gas exchange method which, despite a number of advantages, carries the risk of many complications. ECMO is a modern intensive care method which in many cases is the last resort for the patient. Care and supervision are provided by a multidisciplinary team of specialists: physicians, perfusionists, and nurses. The aim of this review is to analyze the occurrence of delirium in ECMO patients. Methods: Both authors independently extracted data from all included trials and assessed the risk of bias. A systematic review was performed using the protocol of the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. The search was based on PubMed, Web of Science, and Mendeley. Three articles from recent years have been analyzed in this work. Literature selection was made using the PRISMA checklist. The analyzed literature proves how important the topic of delirium is in ECMO therapy. In the case of pharmacotherapy, there are many combinations of drugs that prevent the occurrence of the delirium phenomenon. Results: This work deals with the subject of delirium after ECMO, which is not a common subject in the popular literature. Many of the elements mentioned in the articles analyzed show how important this topic is. The authors place great emphasis on the elements which are not related to pharmacotherapy and the prevention of delirium. For the prevention of delirium after ECMO, a psychological approach to the patient is important. As far as pharmacotherapy is concerned, it is the last element to be taken into account in the prevention of delirium in ECMO patients. An overview of the literature indicates that the subject of nursing care has been omitted; however, there are tools which allow nurses to assess delirium in patients. Conclusion: Delirium in patients undergoing ECMO therapy is a topic that has not been fully described in the literature. This review of the literature shows how important it is to treat a patient with delirium during this therapy and how important it may be to have an early diagnosis of delirium to prevent complications.
Reliability of Mesopic Measures of Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity and Their Correlation with Rod and Cone Function in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Bittner Ava K. , Ferraz Mariana C.
Published: December 2019

Background: Mesopic conditions elicit both rod and cone responses, and they are more commonly encountered in daily life than are scotopic conditions; yet visual function outcome measures of mesopic visual acuity (VA) or contrast sensitivity (CS) are rarely evaluated. Objective: In retinitis pigmentosa (RP), we explored whether visual reductions in mesopic versus photopic conditions were correlated with cone or rod function, as well as the between-visit test-retest variability in mesopic measures. Methods: At each of two visits, 22 RP subjects completed mesopic and photopic ETDRS VA and Pelli-Robson chart CS tests obtained with and without a U23 NoIR 4% transmission filter; testing of perifoveal scotopic cone or rod sensitivity with the AdaptDx; and the Rabin Cone Contrast Test (CCT). Results: A greater CS reduction in mesopic versus photopic conditions was significantly related to absence of scotopic rod function (p = 0.038) or longer self-reported duration of night vision loss (p = 0.044). VA reductions >0.2 logMAR in mesopic versus photopic conditions were significantly related to reduced cone-mediated scotopic sensitivity (p = 0.038). Significant predictors of the CCT ratio of S-cone to M- and L-cone sensitivity were mesopic VA (p = 0.038) and absence of AdaptDx rod function (p = 0.008). Test-retest 95% coefficients of repeatability were not significantly different when comparing between photopic and mesopic tests of VA (0.16 and 0.12 logMAR, respectively) or CS (0.21 and 0.24 logCS, respectively). Conclusions: Perifoveal scotopic rod and cone function measured with the AdaptDx was significantly correlated with mesopic CS and VA, respectively, which had good, acceptable test-retest repeatability; thus, they appear to be suitable outcome measures to monitor mesopic visual function in clinical practice or trials. RP subjects with reduced mesopic VA and no perifoveal rod function had a greater loss of sensitivity for S-cones than for L-/M-cones.
Basic Research and Clinical Reports Associated with Low Serum IgG4 Concentrations
Authors: Tian Xinyu , Deng Zhenling , Wang Song , Wang Yue
Published: December 2019

Elevated IgG4 concentrations in serum have received a great deal of attention recently, whereas the significance of decreased IgG4 levels was frequently neglected in spite of its close relation with infectious and noninfectious inflammations. In this review, based on the structural and functional characteristics of IgG4, we bring together case reports and research related to low levels of IgG4 and try to scratch the importance of decreased IgG4 concentrations in serum. As with elevated IgG4 levels, low serum IgG4-related diseases can be involved in multiple systems such as infection in the respiratory system, stroke in the circulatory system, and glomerulonephritis in the urinary system. Both genetic and immune dysregulation can contribute to decreased IgG4 levels. In the light of animal experiments, we believe that the mystery of low IgG4 can be revealed as long as enough attention is acquired.
Visual Outcomes after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted LASIK for High Myopia
Authors: Yang Weiming , Liu Shengtao , Li Meiyan , Shen Yang , Zhou Xingtao
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare visual outcomes after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for high myopia. Methods: In this prospective, comparative study, a total of 52 eyes of 34 consecutive highly myopic patients with spherical equivalent within the range of –8.00 to –10.00 diopters were recruited. Twenty-three eyes of 16 patients were in the FS-LASIK group and 29 eyes of 18 patients were in the SMILE group. Visual outcomes and wavefront aberrations were analyzed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Results: At the postoperative 6-month visit, 96.6% in the SMILE group and 91.3% in the FS-LASIK group achieved unchanged or better corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). As for uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), 96.6% in the SMILE group and 95.7% in the FS-LASIK group achieved UDVA of 20/20 or better. As for wavefront aberrations, high-order aberrations (HOAs) and spherical aberrations increased significantly after surgery in both groups relative to corresponding preoperative values (p < 0.001), and vertical coma increased after SMILE (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in changes of HOAs (p =0.90), spherical aberrations (p = 0.07), horizontal coma (p = 0.56), coma (p =0.08), horizontal trefoil (p =0.19), vertical trefoil (p = 0.90), and trefoil (p = 0.45) were detected between the 2 groups, except for vertical coma (p < 0.01). Conclusions: SMILE is as effective as FS-LASIK in correcting high myopia, but attention should be paid to the induction of vertical coma in highly myopic patients following a SMILE procedure.
Factors Influencing Medical Students’ Experiences and Satisfaction with Blended Integrated E-Learning
Authors: Venkatesh Shashidhar , Rao Yeshwanth K. , Nagaraja Haleagrahara , Woolley Torres , Alele Faith O. , Malau-Aduli Bunmi S.
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Blended learning has been presented as a promising learner-centred model that emphasises the learning outcome rather than the process of education, but it can negatively affect learners’ engagement with learning. Subject and Methods: Using a mixed-methods approach, this study aimed to determine the significant predictors of learning satisfaction and to evaluate the experiences of medical students with the different domains of an introduced blended integrated learning approach. Results: The survey was administered to 92 respondents with a mean age of 20.5 years. Male students had significantly higher computer self-efficacy and overall learner satisfaction ratings than their female counterparts. Multiple regression analysis showed that gender (student characteristics), performance expectations (cognitive factors), and learning climate (social environment) were predictors of the perceived satisfaction of learners. Conclusion: Wider integration of blended learning into pre-clinical undergraduate medical education could enhance the shift towards competency-based education and life-long learning among medical students. However, effective implementation would depend largely on student characteristics, as well as environmental and cognitive components of the delivery method.
ЗМІСТ ГУМАНІТАРНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ МЕДИЧНИХ ФАХІВЦІВ: МІЖДИСЦИПЛІНАРНИЙ КОНТЕКСТ
Authors: Khrystenko O. M.
Published: December 2019

Сучасні українці мають низку проблем, детермінованих низьким рівнем культури духовного та фізичного здоров’я. Суттєва роль у їх розв’язанні належить медичним фахівцям. Оскільки ідейні цінності освіти є найперше відображені у суспільствознавчому, гуманітарному контенті, мета нашого дослідження – визначити ідейний зміст гуманітарної підготовки майбутніх медиків у міждисциплінарному контексті. У ході дослідження використано методи аналізу наукової літератури, історико-порівняльного аналізу подій, явищ і процесів; аналізуючи зміст типових програм з дисциплін суспільно-гуманітарного циклу, використовуємо метод контент-аналізу, а також аксіологічний та гендерний методологічні підходи. На підставі результатів аналізу контенту навчальних програм з історії України, української культури, філософії та інших (у тому числі елективних) дисциплін, які викладають у медичних університетах України, охарактеризовано його національний та гендерний компоненти. Результати дослідження показали, що національний компонент змісту переважно відображає таку рису української ідентичності, як свободолюбність,  частково – релігійність і громадську самодопомогу.  Гендерний компонент майже відсутній, немає інформації про жіночі організації як середовище просвітницької роботи з питань охорони материнства і дитинства та охорони здоров’я в цілому, видатних жінок-медиків, гендерні аспекти філософії і медицини. Щодо вирішення поставленої наукової проблеми авторка пропонує оригінальні приклади імплементації національних та гендерних цінностей у вищу медичну освіту. При цьому головною ідейною засадою повинно бути визнання людини (у тому числі ненародженої дитини та/чи дитини з вадами, жінки/чоловіка з обмеженими можливостями тощо), її гідності, безпеки, здоров’я і життя найвищими індивідуальними та суспільними цінностями.
КОМПЛЕКС ВПРАВ ДЛЯ ВИВЧЕННЯ ДАВАЛЬНОГО ВІДМІНКА НА ПРАКТИЧНИХ ЗАНЯТТЯХ З УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЯК ІНОЗЕМНОЇ
Authors: Novitska O. I.
Published: December 2019

У статті розглянуто принципи оптимізації процесу навчання іноземних студентів української мови. Проаналізовано труднощі засвоєння категорії давального відмінка у процесі вивчення української мови як іноземної. На прикладі таблиць систематизовано відмінкові закінчення іменників, прикметників, числівників та займенників у давальному відмінку, що є своєрідною візуальною опорою і полегшить сприйняття студентам навчального матеріалу. Таблиця сприяє кращому засвоєнню знань, дає змогу заощаджувати навчальний час та системніше викладати матеріал української мови, що забезпечує сприйняття не окремих, розрізнених фактів, які зводяться в систему, як правило, на останніх заняттях з теми, а одразу – системи знань з тієї чи іншої теми. Запропоновано систему вправ для засвоєння давального відмінка на заняттях з української мови як іноземної, які нададуть можливість покращити результативність навчального процесу і рівень знань студентів, значно підвищити ефективність організації їх навчально-пізнавальної діяльності. Зазначено, що вивчення української мови як іноземної включає декілька аспектів. Одним із таких аспектів є граматика. У навчанні іншомовного говоріння граматика посідає важливе місце, це є у своєму роді каркас, на якому базується лексика. Вивчення граматики та правильне оформлення висловлювання, а також розпізнавання граматичних форм у мові та письмі відбувається завдяки формуванню граматичних навичок.
ПРИНЦИПИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МОЛОДШИХ СПЕЦІАЛІСТІВ СЕСТРИНСЬКОЇ СПРАВИ У МЕДИЧНИХ КОЛЕДЖАХ
Authors: Demianchuk M. R.
Published: December 2019

У статті аргументовано, що професійна підготовка майбутніх молодших спеціалістів сестринської справи передбачає врахування засадничих ідей і вимог до організації освітнього процесу в медичних коледжах, що відображають сукупність дидактичних принципів. До основних дидактичних принципів, яких необхідно дотримуватися у професійній підготовці майбутніх молодших спеціалістів сестринської справи у медичних коледжах, віднесено принципи науковості, послідовності та систематичності, доступності, зв’язку навчання з життям (теорії з практикою) та ін. З метою дотримання принципу науковості у професійній підготовці майбутніх фахівців медсестринства враховуються наукові дані різних сфер діяльності людини: медичної, педагогічної, психологічної та ін. Реалізація дидактичного принципу послідовності і систематичності базується на формуванні системних знань студентів про медичну сферу і професійну діяльність у ній молодших спеціалістів сестринської справи. Важливим у професійній підготовці студентів у медичних коледжах є принцип доступності. Майбутні молодші спеціалісти сестринської справи повинні зрозуміти і засвоїти необхідний і доступний науковий і навчальний контент, уникаючи інтелектуальних, моральних, фізичних перевантажень. Принцип зв’язку навчання з життям, з майбутньою професійною діяльністю базується на тому, що студенти повинні усвідомлювати важливість і необхідність вивчення всіх дисциплін у медичному коледжі, щоб стати компетентним фахівцем.
СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ КОМУНІКАТИВНИХ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ
Authors: Bilkevich N. A. , Haliyash N. B. , Petrenko N. V.
Published: December 2019

У статті, у світлі проблеми підвищення рівня підготовленості медичних працівників до професійної діяльності, розглянуто шляхи покращення практичної роботи студентів при вивченні ними предмета медичної комунікації. Автори діляться досвідом щодо впровадження курсу медичної комунікації у своєму навчальному закладі, розробки навчально-методичного супроводу та методики проведення практичних занять. Особливу увагу приділено інтерактивним методикам проведення таких занять як оптимальній формі тренування комунікативних навичок та трансформації теоретичних знань у практичні вміння та компетентності.

Введення курсу медичної комунікації у вищих медичних навчальних закладах, на вимогу сучасності, потребує нових підходів в організації навчального процесу. Необхідне застосування освітніх методик, зокрема проведення занять із застосуванням інтерактивної взаємодії та рольових ігор. Як показала практика, така форма занять добре сприймається студентами, проте вимагає додаткової підготовки викладачів, роль яких  під час занять є дещо відмінною від загальноприйнятої.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ГАЛУЗІ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Vakulenko D. V. , Kravets N. O. , Dobrovolska A. M. , Klymuk N. Ya.
Published: December 2019

Використання новітніх інформаційних технологій у всіх сферах життя є досить актуальним питанням, дослідженням і впровадженням результатів якого займається безліч науковців. Тому важливим завданням сучасної вищої школи є формування високого рівня інформаційної культури майбутніх фахівців у галузі медицини в умовах швидкого розвитку інформаційного суспільства.

В умовах постійних змін у всіх сферах життя в Україні особливого значення набуває професійна підготовка майбутніх медичних працівників. Діяльність лікарів неможлива без використання сучасних інформаційних технологій, які є необхідним і доступним інструментом для медичних досліджень і в клінічній практиці. Навчання у медичних закладах освіти націлене на підготовку висококваліфікованих та конкурентоспроможних фахівців, які були б відповідальними, компетентними, мали б високий творчий потенціал та були б здатні до якісної діяльності за визначеним фахом. Саме тому у процесі підготовки медичних працівників у закладах вищої освіти необхідно впроваджувати принципово нові підходи до питань розроблення технологій навчання.

У статті акцентовано увагу на реалізованих в освітньому процесі Тернопільського державного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського можливостях інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій.
КОСТЯНТИН ТАТАРИНОВ – ПЕДАГОГ, ВЧЕНИЙ, ГРОМАДСЬКИЙ ДІЯЧ
Authors: Kushynska M. Ye. , Chupashko O. Ya. , Vorobets Z. D.
Published: December 2019

Наукова стаття присвячена відображенню основних віх життєвого шляху Костянтина Татаринова – видатного вченого, педагога, громадського діяча, завідувача кафедри медичної біології Львівського національного медичного інституту, яку він очолив у 1973 р. і працював на цій посаді до 1986 р. За п’ятнадцять років керівництва професора К. Татаринова на кафедрі медичної біології був створений Зоологічний музей, запроваджені у навчальний процес нові навчальні курси (зокрема, генетика, паразитологія, еволюція систем органів), запрацювала Мала академія наук, виданий фундаментальний навчальний посібник «Біологія» для студентів медичних інститутів. К. Татаринов був людиною з надзвичайною всебічністю наукових інтересів та уподобань: це фауністика, зоогеографія, екологія, мисливствознавство, палеозоологія, охорона природи, спелеологія; вивчення генофонду носіїв трансмісивних захворювань Західного регіону України, зокрема, серед різних видів горобиних птахів та інших хребетних тварин; на підставі аналізу палеозоологічного матеріалу опрацював історію формування фауни носіїв трансмісивних захворювань. У вільний від науково-педагогічної діяльності час активно займався громадською роботою. Був першим головою обласного філіалу Товариства охорони природи, головою обласної секції охорони тваринного світу, був обраний Почесним членом Українського товариства охорони природи. Впродовж багатьох років був незмінним ведучим 85 випусків природничо-тематичного альманаху «Смерічка» та тележурналу «Людина і природа» на Львівській телестудії.

За півстоліття творчої праці Костянтин Адріанович видав понад 800 науково-популярних статей, у тому числі посібники, довідники, підручники, путівники, енциклопедичні та суто наукові статті, які прочитали та на яких вчилися десятки тисяч майбутніх лікарів, викладачів та науковців України.

Представлено результати досліджень архівних матеріалів стосовно науково-педагогічної та громадської діяльності завіду­вача кафедри медичної біології Львівського національного медичного університету імені Данила Галицького К. Татаринова.
ПРОФЕСІЙНА ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ ЛОГОПЕДІВ ЯК МЕДИЧНА І ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА В ІСТОРИЧНОМУ КОНТЕКСТІ
Authors: Melnychuk I. M.
Published: December 2019

У статті аргументовано, що державницький підхід в Україні до врахування проблем у розвитку осіб з проявами деструктивних змін у психофізіологічному та фізичному розвитку спрямовує до розширення інклюзивної освіти. До групи фахівців, які працюють у сфері інклюзивної освіти, відносяться логопеди, покликані вирішувати проблеми мовленнєвих розладів різної складності, починаючи з дитячого віку. Історичний екскурс-аналіз свідчить, що проблема порушень мовлення розглядалася ще філософами, медиками, риторами Стародавнього Світу в сукупності з питаннями світогляду, збереження здоров’я і виховання людини. Історичний аналіз наукової літератури засвідчує, що з моменту зародження логопедії як науки спостерігалася її диференціація на дві галузі – медичну і педагогічну, що й зумовлює постійну спільну участь і лікарів, і педагогів у вивченні етіології, симптоматології і терапії порушень мовлення. Сучасні статистичні дані свідчать, що в Україні існує проблема забезпеченості фахівцями, які мають професійну підготовку логопеда. Тому на державному рівні  визначено короткострокові та середньострокові перспективи розвитку інклюзивної освіти, в яких відображено і проблему підготовки майбутніх логопедів.