bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hereditary angioedema (HAE): a cause for recurrent abdominal pain
Authors: Soni Parita , Kumar Vivek , Alliu Samson , Shetty Vijay
Published: November 2016

A 44-year-old Hispanic woman presented to the emergency room with a 2-day history of sudden onset of severe cramping left lower quadrant abdominal pain associated with ∼20 episodes diarrhoea. Abdominal CT scan exhibited bowel wall oedema and acute extensive colitis. On the basis of the preliminary diagnosis of acute abdomen, the patient was admitted under the surgical team and treated for acute colitis. Since her family history was significant for hereditary angioedema (HAE), complement studies were performed which revealed low complement C4 levels and abnormally low values of C1q esterase inhibitor. Thus, the diagnosis of HAE type I was established. This case report summarises that the symptoms of HAE are often non-specific, hence making the underlying cause difficult to diagnose.
Collecting biological material from palliative care patients in the last weeks of life: a feasibility study
Authors: Coyle Séamus , Scott Aileen , Nwosu Amara Callistus , Latten Richard , Wilson James , Mayland Catriona R , Mason Stephen , Probert Chris , Ellershaw John
Published: November 2016

Objective

To assess the feasibility of prospectively collecting biological samples (urine) from palliative care patients in the last weeks of life.

Setting

A 30-bedded specialist hospice in the North West of England.

Participants

Participants were adults with a diagnosis of advanced disease and able to provide written informed consent.

Method

Potential participants were identified by a senior clinician over a 12-week period in 2014. They were then approached by a researcher and invited to participate according to a developed recruitment protocol.

Outcomes

Feasibility targets included a recruitment rate of 50%, with successful collection of samples from 80% who consented.

Results

A total of 58 patients were approached and 33 consented (57% recruitment rate). Twenty-five patients (43%) were unable to participate or declined; 10 (17%) became unwell, too fatigued, lost capacity, died or were discharged home; and 15 (26%) refused, usually these patients had distressing pain, low mood or profound fatigue. From the 33 recruited, 20 participants provided 128 separate urine samples, 12 participants did not meet the inclusion criteria at the time of consent and 1 participant was unable to provide a sample. The criterion for a urinary catheter was removed for the latter 6 weeks. The collection rate during the first 6 weeks was 29% and 93% for the latter 6 weeks. Seven people died while the study was ongoing, and another 4 participants died in the following 4 weeks.

Conclusions

It is possible to recruit and collect multiple biological samples over time from palliative care patients in the last weeks and days of life even if they have lost capacity. Research into the biological changes at the end of life could develop a greater understanding of the biology of the dying process. This may lead to improved prognostication and care of patients towards the end of life.
Cross-sectional examination of the association of co-occurring alcohol misuse and traumatic brain injury on mental health and conduct problems in adolescents in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Ilie Gabriela , Mann Robert E , Boak Angela , Adlaf Edward M , Hamilton Hayley , Asbridge Mark , Rehm Jürgen , Cusimano Michael D
Published: November 2016

Objective

This study describes the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hazardous drinking on mental health and behavioural issues among Ontario adolescents. In particular, we assessed the incremental co-occurrence of hazardous drinking with a history of TBI, in comparison to experiencing just one of these conditions.

Methods

A cross-sectional subsample of 3130 Ontario adolescents attending grades 9–12, and aged 10–21 were surveyed in 2013 as a part of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health's Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey.Recent(past year) andformer(lifetime and excluding the last year) TBI were defined as trauma to the head that resulted in loss of consciousness for at least 5 min or overnight hospitalisation. Current hazardous drinking was derived using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).

Results

An estimated 11.8% of Ontario adolescents (95% CI 10.1% to 13.8%) reported a history offormerTBI and were not hazardous drinkers; 4.0% (95% CI 2.9% to 5.5%) reportedrecentTBI and were not hazardous drinkers; 13.7% (95% CI 12.3% to 15.3%) were hazardous drinkers who never had a TBI; 4.1% (95% CI 2.9% to 5.8%) hadformerTBI with co-occurring hazardous drinking; and 2.2% (95% CI 1.6% to 3.0%) hadrecentTBI with co-occurring hazardous drinking. Most odds increased significantly and were two to three times higher for reporting compromised mental health, violent and non-violent conduct behaviours, and reported victimisation for classifying as a hazardous drinker at the time of testing with co-occurring eitherformerorrecentTBI compared to classifying as not having either of these conditions. Adolescents classified as hazardous drinkers withformerTBI had numerous and higher ORs for conduct behaviours than those withrecentTBI.

Conclusions

Results emphasise the strong interplay between TBI and hazardous drinking and point to the need for integrating prevention efforts to reduce these conditions and their co-occurrence among adolescents.
Association between vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism and skeletal fluorosis of the brick-tea type fluorosis: a cross sectional, case control study
Authors: Yang Dan , Liu Yang , Chu Yanru , Yang Qing , Jiang Wei , Chen Fuxun , Li Dandan , Qin Ming , Sun Dianjun , Yang Yanmei , Gao Yanhui
Published: November 2016

Background

Brick-tea type fluorosis is a public health concern in the north west area of China. The vitamin D receptor (VDR)-FokI polymorphism is considered to be a regulator of bone metabolism and calcium resorption. However, the association of VDR-FokI polymorphism with the risk of brick-tea type fluorosis has not been reported.

Materials and methods

A cross sectional, case control study was conducted in three provinces (Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and Sinkiang) in China. The fluoride content of Brick-tea water and urine was tested using the standards GB 1996–2005 and WS/T89-2006 (China), respectively. Skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed using the standard WS/192-2008 (China). The VDR-FokI polymorphism was detected by the Sequenom MassARRAY system.

Result

Compared with carriers of the CC genotype, participants with the CT/TT genotype had a significantly decreased risk of skeletal fluorosis (OR=0.761 (95% CI 0.580 to 0.997)), after adjustment for risk factors. When investigated among ethnic groups, the protective effect of the CT/TT genotype was limited in the Mongolian participants (OR=0.525 (95% CI 0.278 to 0.991)). Moreover, the interaction of VDR-FokI with risk factors was only found in Mongolian participants: the protective effect of the CT/TT genotype was limited to participants with >7.0 mg/day daily intake of tea fluoride (OR=0.085 (95% CI 0.009 to 0.851), participants with >3.2 mg/L urine fluoride (OR=0.103 (95% CI 0.017 to 0.633)) or participants aged 46–65 years (OR=0.404 (95% CI 0.177 to 0.922).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the CT/TT genotype of VDR-FokI may be a protective factor for brick-tea type skeletal fluorosis, and this effect is pronounced in Mongolian participants.
Balancing nurses' workload in hospital wards: study protocol of developing a method to manage workload
Authors: van den Oetelaar W F J M , van Stel H F , van Rhenen W , Stellato R K , Grolman W
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Hospitals pursue different goals at the same time: excellent service to their patients, good quality care, operational excellence, retaining employees. This requires a good balance between patient needs and nursing staff. One way to ensure a proper fit between patient needs and nursing staff is to work with a workload management method. In our view, a nursing workload management method needs to have the following characteristics: easy to interpret; limited additional registration; applicable to different types of hospital wards; supported by nurses; covers all activities of nurses and suitable for prospective planning of nursing staff. At present, no such method is available.

Methods/analysis

The research follows several steps to come to a workload management method for staff nurses. First, a list of patient characteristics relevant to care time will be composed by performing a Delphi study among staff nurses. Next, a time study of nurses’ activities will be carried out. The 2 can be combined to estimate care time per patient group and estimate the time nurses spend on non-patient-related activities. These 2 estimates can be combined and compared with available nursing resources: this gives an estimate of nurses’ workload. The research will take place in an academic hospital in the Netherlands. 6 surgical wards will be included, capacity 15–30 beds.

Ethical considerations

The study protocol was submitted to the Medical Ethical Review Board of the University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht and received a positive advice, protocol number 14-165/C.

Discussion

This method will be developed in close cooperation with staff nurses and ward management. The strong involvement of the end users will contribute to a broader support of the results. The method we will develop may also be useful for planning purposes; this is a strong advantage compared with existing methods, which tend to focus on retrospective analysis.
Is prolonged sitting at work associated with the time course of neck–shoulder pain? A prospective study in Danish blue-collar workers
Authors: Hallman David M , Gupta Nidhi , Heiden Marina , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Korshøj Mette , Jørgensen Marie Birk , Holtermann Andreas
Published: November 2016

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the extent to which objectively measured sitting time at work is associated with the course of neck–shoulder pain across 1 year in blue-collar workers.

Methods

Data were analysed from 625 blue-collar workers in the Danish PHysical ACTivity cohort with Objective measurements (DPHACTO) cohort study (2012–2013). Objective data on sitting time were collected at baseline using accelerometry. Self-reported pain intensity (numeric rating scale 0–10) in the neck–shoulder region was registered for 1 year using repeated text messages (14 in total). Linear mixed models were used to determine the relationship between per cent time in sitting at work and trajectories of neck–shoulder pain, with and without adjustment for demographic, occupational and lifestyle factors, and baseline pain intensity.

Results

More sitting time at work was associated with a faster decline in pain intensity over 12 months, as indicated by a statistically significant effect of sitting on pain trajectories in the crude (p=0.020) and fully adjusted models (p=0.027).

Conclusions

In blue-collar workers, more sitting time at work was associated with a favourable development of pain intensity over time. The relationship between sitting at work and pain needs further investigation before explicit recommendations and guidelines on sedentary behaviour among blue-collar workers can be developed.
Cardiac diagnostic work-up for atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attacks in England and Wales: results from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Geraghty Olivia , Korompoki Eleni , Filippidis Filippos T , Rudd Anthony , Veltkamp Roland
Published: November 2016

Objectives

Transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) are an important precursor of stroke. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is among the most dangerous aetiologies shared between TIAs and strokes. Detection of AF after TIAs is essential for the initiation of oral anticoagulants. We aimed to identify variations in the use of cardiac investigations used to detect AF and cardiac pathology in patients with TIA in the UK.

Setting

All TIA clinical leads in England and Wales received an invitation by email to participate in an online survey in February 2015. The questionnaire consisted of 36 multiple choice questions covering the domains: (1) general information about stroke units, (2) ECG diagnostics and cardiologic work-up and (3) management of AF.

Results

146 survey invitations were sent. The response rate was 40% (n=59). Diagnosis of AF largely depends on medical history and 12-channel ECG which is performed in the vast majority of patients with TIA (>75%) in 94.1% of the TIA services. Many patients with TIA either do not receive 24-hour Holter recording (requested regularly in 42% of the services) or only after considerable delay (>2 weeks). Prolonged event recording is only rarely performed (16%). Only about half of patients with TIA undergo echocardiography. Cranial imaging in patients with TIA is mainly performed as CT (62%). The majority of TIA clinics rapidly initiate anticoagulation in TIA patients with AF (81.6%) preferably using new oral anticoagulants (75.5%).

Conclusions

Significant variation in the cardiac diagnostic work-up following TIA exists regarding the use of particular detection techniques and the duration of cardiac ECG monitoring. Only limited resources are allocated to cardiac evaluation. In addition to research establishing the optimal ECG technique for patients with TIA, healthcare delivery programmes are needed to ensure proper management to prevent strokes.
Patient and physician attitudes regarding risk and benefit in streamlined development programmes for antibacterial drugs: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Holland Thomas L , Mikita Stephen , Bloom Diane , Roberts Jamie , McCall Jonathan , Collyar Deborah , Santiago Jonas , Tiernan Rosemary , Toerner Joseph
Published: November 2016

Objectives

To explore patient, caregiver and physician perceptions and attitudes regarding the balance of benefit and risk in using antibacterial drugs developed through streamlined development processes.

Design

Semistructured focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted to elicit perceptions and attitudes about the use of antibacterial drugs to treat multidrug-resistant infections. Participants were given background information about antibiotic resistance, streamlined drug development programmes and FDA drug approval processes. Audio recordings of focus groups/interviews were reviewed and quotes excerpted and categorised to identify key themes.

Participants

Two primary stakeholder groups were engaged: one comprising caregivers, healthy persons and patients who had recovered from or were at risk of resistant infection (N=67; 11 focus groups); and one comprising physicians who treat resistant infections (N=23).

Results

Responses from focus groups/interviews indicated widespread awareness among patients/caregivers and physicians of the seriousness of the problem of antibacterial resistance. Both groups were willing to accept a degree of uncertainty regarding the balance of risk and benefit in a new therapy where a serious unmet need exists, but also expressed a desire for rigorous monitoring and rapid, transparent reporting of safety/effectiveness data. Both groups wanted to ensure that >1 physician had input on whether to treat patients with antibiotics developed through a streamlined process. Some patients/caregivers unfamiliar with exigencies of critical care suggested a relatively large multidisciplinary team, while physicians believed individual expert consultations would be preferable. Both groups agreed that careful oversight and stewardship of antibacterial drugs are needed to ensure patient safety, preserve efficacy and prevent abuse.

Conclusions

Groups comprising patients/caregivers and physicians were aware of serious issues posed by resistant infections and the lack of effective antibacterial drug therapies and shared a consensus that streamlined development programmes represent a necessary response to the resistance crisis, but one that requires enhanced safeguards and risk communication.
Ensuring availability of in date and fit for purpose emergency guidelines in all anaesthetic areas throughout the South East Scotland deanery
Authors: Hindle Elise
Published: November 2016

Our aim was to institute a system whereby emergency anaesthetic guidelines are available in >90% of appropriate clinical areas throughout each of the acute hospital sites in three health board administrative regions, and whereby >90% of available guidelines are deemed to be in date and fit for purpose. Our objective was to achieve these targets within 6 months.

Using quality improvement methodology, we inventoried available emergency anaesthetic guidelines in 132 locations throughout seven acute care hospitals. Five guidelines were then randomly selected per site per month and assessed for three process markers: was the guideline available in all appropriate areas, was it in-date (i.e. within date of review as specified on guideline or on consultation with author) and was it fit for purpose. Fitness for purpose was assessed by asking a junior colleague to simulate the emergency in a table top exercise using the guideline to aid management. This project was also used as a surveillance system to highlight outdated, unfit or missing guidance. Interventions included iterative revision of the master guideline lists, removal of outdated or unfit guidelines and creation or updating of guideline folders.

30 guidelines were assessed pre-intervention and 203 post-intervention. 52% of guidelines were available in appropriate areas pre-intervention rising to 76% post intervention, 67% of guidelines were in date pre-intervention rising to 82% post-intervention and 87% of guidelines were deemed fit for purpose pre-intervention rising to 92% post-intervention.

We have demonstrated that regular review of emergency guidelines to maintain their currency is achievable and also demonstrated the feasibility of recruiting over 20 trainees across a training deanery to complete a QI project. We believe that organisations should maximise the resource of highly motivated trainees to achieve their QI goals.
Analytical model for vacuum consolidation incorporating soil disturbance caused by mandrel-driven drains
Authors: Perera Darshana , Indraratna Buddhima , Leroueil Serge , Rujikiatkamjorn Cholachat , Kelly Richard
Published: November 2016

When vacuum preloading is applied with vertical drains, the rate of consolidation can be increased, and the stability of an embankment is enhanced due to the inward lateral movement. The aim of this study is to develop an analytical solution for vacuum preloading that accurately captures the more realistic variations in compressibility and permeability in actual ground conditions as a result of drain installation. The soil samples were obtained from various locations after drain installation to determine the characteristics of soil surrounding the vertical drain in terms of compressibility and permeability. The main differences between the proposed and conventional models are described by considering the stress history and preloading pressure. The effect of pre-consolidation pressure and the magnitude of applied preloading are examined through the dissipation of average excess pore pressure and associated settlement. The analysis of a selected case history employing the writers’ solution indicates improved accuracy of the predictions in comparison to the field measurements.
Plant growth promotion properties of bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosusL.) adapted to saline–alkaline soils and their effect on wheat growth
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Li Xiangyue , Li Yan , Li Runzhi , Xie Zhihong
Published: November 2016

The Jerusalem artichoke (JA; Helianthus tuberosus), known to be tolerant to saline–alkaline soil conditions, has been cultivated for many years in the Yellow River delta, Shandong Province coastal zone, in China. The aim of our study was to isolate nitrogen-fixing bacteria colonizing the rhizosphere of JA and to characterize other plant growth promotion properties. The ultimate goal was to identify isolates that could be used as inoculants benefiting an economic crop, in particular for improving wheat growth production in the Yellow River delta. Bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of JA on the basis of growth on nitrogen-free Ashby medium. Identification and phylogenetic analysis was performed after nucleotide sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Plant-growth-promoting traits, such as nitrogen fixation activity, phosphate solubilization activity, indole-3-acetic acid production, were determined using conventional methods. Eleven strains were isolated and 6 of them were further examined for their level of salt tolerance and their effect on plant growth promotion. Inoculation of Enterobacter sp. strain N10 on JA and wheat led to significant increases in both root and shoot dry mass and shoot height. Enterobacter sp. strain N10 appeared to be the best plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria to increase wheat productivity in future field applications.
Cellular automata simulation for high temperature austenite grain growth based on thermal activation theory and curvature-driven mechanism
Authors: Wang Min , Yin Yajun , Zhou Jianxin , Nan Hai , Wang Tong , Li Wen
Published: November 2016

Based on the thermal activation theory and curvature-driven mechanism, a 2D cellular automaton model with different state transition rules was built. Validity of the model was proved by the shrinking of circular grains. Grain growth of high temperature austenite was simulated by this model; the morphology, grain size distribution, topological aspects, and local kinetics of austenite grain growth were analyzed under different simulation time. Among the grains with different sides, the 6-sided grains are the most common and 5-sided grains are the second most common. The grains with more than six sides will grow and grains with less than six sides will shrink, while the 6-sided grains will neither grow nor shrink. The kinetics of normal grain growth follows the Burke equation and the growth exponent at different temperatures and activation energies has been researched.
Assessment of renal function in the anaesthetised rat following injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Edge Deirdre , Shortt Christine M. , Johns E.J. , Gobbo Oliviero L. , Markos Farouk , Abdulla Mohammed H. , Barry Elaine F.
Published: November 2016

A recent study showed that a significant fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) occurred following intravenous injection of two novel superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), MF66 and OD15. To assess if this was caused by excessive glomerular clearance, the effect of both particles on renal function was studied. Experiments were performed on sodium pentobarbital anaesthetised male Wistar rats (250–350 g). Twenty-minute urine clearances were taken followed by an i.v. bolus of MF66, OD15 (2 mg·kg–1), or dH2O (0.4 mL·kg–1). MF6 or OD15 injection resulted in a significant transient drop in MAP and renal blood flow by approximately 33% and 50% (P < 0.05). The absolute excretion of sodium was significantly increased (P < 0.05) by almost 80% and 70% following OD15 and MF66, respectively. Similarly, fractional excretion of sodium was increased by almost 80% and 60% following OD15 and MF66, respectively. The glomerular filtration rate was not significantly affected, but urine flow increased nonsignificantly by approximately 50% and 66% following i.v. injection of OD15 and MF66, respectively. SPIONs produce a decrease in blood pressure and a natriuresis; however, the rate of fluid filtration in the kidney was not significantly affected.
Collinearity between potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) and wild relatives assessed by comparative cytogenetic mapping
Authors: Gaiero Paola , van de Belt José , Vilaró Francisco , Schranz M. Eric , Speranza Pablo , de Jong Hans
Published: November 2016

A major bottleneck to introgressive hybridization is the lack of genome collinearity between the donor (alien) genome and the recipient crop genome. Structural differences between the homeologs may create unbalanced segregation of chromosomes or cause linkage drag. To assess large-scale collinearity between potato and two of its wild relatives (Solanum commersonii and Solanum chacoense), we used BAC-FISH mapping of sequences with known positions on the RH potato map. BAC probes could successfully be hybridized to the S. commersonii and S. chachoense pachytene chromosomes, confirming their correspondence with linkage groups in RH potato. Our study shows that the order of BAC signals is conserved. Distances between BAC signals were quantified and compared; some differences found suggest either small-scale rearrangements or reduction/amplification of repeats. We conclude that S. commersonii and S. chacoense are collinear with cultivated Solanum tuberosum on the whole chromosome scale, making these amenable species for efficient introgressive hybridization breeding.
THE FUTURE OF NATURAL GAS IN CHINA: EFFECTS OF PRICING REFORM AND CLIMATE POLICY
Authors: ZHANG DANWEI , PALTSEV SERGEY
Published: November 2016

China is currently attempting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase natural gas consumption as a part of broader national strategies to reduce the air pollution impacts of the nation’s energy system. To assess the scenarios of natural gas development up to 2050, we employ a global energy-economic model — the MIT Economic Projection and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model. The results show that a cap-and-trade policy will enable China to achieve its climate mitigation goals, but will also reduce natural gas consumption. An integrated policy that uses a part of the carbon revenue obtained from the cap-and-trade system to subsidize natural gas use promotes natural gas consumption, resulting in a further reduction in coal use relative to the cap-and-trade policy case. The integrated policy has a very moderate welfare cost; however, it reduces air pollution and allows China to achieve both the climate objective and the natural gas promotion objective.
A translational cellular model to study the impact of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on human epithelial cell function
Authors: Mowes Anja , de Jongh Beatriz E. , Cox Timothy , Zhu Yan , Shaffer Thomas H.
Published: November 2016

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has been proposed as gentle ventilation strategy to prevent lung injury in the preterm infant. High-frequency jet ventilation leads to dimensional and mechanical airway deformation in animal airway models, which is consistent with translational studies demonstrating the impact of oxygen and biophysical stresses on normal airway cellular function. There is an overall paucity of clinical and cellular data on the impact of HFOV on the conducting airway. We developed an innovative method to test the impact of the clinical HFO Ventilator (SensorMedics 3100A) on human epithelial cell function. In this translational model, we were able to study the differential effects of biophysical stress due to HFOV independently and in combination with hyperoxia on a direct cellular level of the conducting airway system. Additionally, we could demonstrate that hyperoxia and pressure by HFOV independently resulted in significant cell dysfunction and inflammation, while the combination of HFOV and hyperoxia had a synergistic effect, resulting in greater cell death.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Traditionally, large-animal models are used to analyze the impact of clinical ventilators on lung cellular function. In our dual-chamber model, we interface high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) directly with airway cells to study the effects of HFOV independently and combined with hyperoxia. Therefore, it is possible to study the preclinical impact of interventional factors without the high cost of animal models, thus reducing staff, time, as well as animal sparing.
Resistance training with instability is more effective than resistance training in improving spinal inhibitory mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Silva-Batista Carla , Mattos Eugenia Casella Tavares , Corcos Daniel M. , Wilson Jessica M. , Heckman Charles J. , Kanegusuku Hélcio , Piemonte Maria Elisa Pimentel , Túlio de Mello Marco , Forjaz Cláudia , Roschel Hamilton , Tricoli Valmor , Ugrinowitsch Carlos
Published: November 2016

This study assessed 1) the effects of 12 wk of resistance training (RT) and resistance training with instability (RTI) on presynaptic inhibition (PSI) and disynaptic reciprocal inhibition (DRI) of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD); 2) the effectiveness of RT and RTI in moving PSI and DRI values of patients toward values of age-matched healthy controls (HC; Z-score analysis); and 3) associations between PSI and DRI changes and clinical outcomes changes previously published. Thirteen patients in RT group, 13 in RTI group, and 11 in a nonexercising control group completed the trial. While RT and RTI groups performed resistance exercises twice a week for 12 wk, only the RTI group used unstable devices. The soleus H reflex was used to evaluate resting PSI and DRI before and after the experimental protocol. The HC ( n = 31) was assessed at pretest only. There were significant group × time interactions for PSI ( P < 0.0001) and DRI ( P < 0.0001). RTI was more effective than RT in increasing the levels of PSI ( P = 0.0154) and DRI ( P < 0.0001) at posttraining and in moving PSI [confidence interval (CI) 0.1–0.5] and DRI (CI 0.6–1.1) levels to those observed in HC. There was association between DRI and quality of life changes ( r = −0.69, P = 0.008) and a strong trend toward association between PSI and postural instability changes ( r = 0.60, P = 0.051) after RTI. RTI increased PSI and DRI levels more than RT, reaching the average values of the HC. Thus RTI may cause plastic changes in PSI and DRI pathways that are associated with some PD clinical outcomes.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have motor dysfunction. Spinal inhibitory mechanisms are important for modulating both supraspinal motor commands and sensory feedback at the spinal level. Resistance training with instability was more effective than resistance training in increasing the levels of presynaptic inhibition and disynaptic reciprocal inhibition of lower limb at rest of the patients with PD, reaching the average values of the healthy controls.
Habitual aerobic exercise does not protect against micro- or macrovascular endothelial dysfunction in healthy estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women
Authors: Santos-Parker Jessica R. , Strahler Talia R. , Vorwald Victoria M. , Pierce Gary L. , Seals Douglas R.
Published: November 2016

Aging causes micro- and macrovascular endothelial dysfunction, as assessed by endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD), which can be prevented and reversed by habitual aerobic exercise (AE) in men. However, in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, whole forearm microvascular EDD has not been studied, and a beneficial effect of AE on macrovascular EDD has not been consistently shown. We assessed forearm blood flow in response to brachial artery infusions of acetylcholine (FBFACh), a measure of whole forearm microvascular EDD, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a measure of macrovascular EDD, in 12 premenopausal sedentary women (Pre-S; 24 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max = 37.5 ± 1.6 ml·kg−1·min−1), 25 estrogen-deficient postmenopausal sedentary women (Post-S; 62 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max = 24.7 ± 0.9 ml·kg−1·min−1), and 16 estrogen-deficient postmenopausal AE-trained women (Post-AE; 59 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max = 40.4 ± 1.4 ml·kg−1·min−1). FBFACh was lower in Post-S and Post-AE compared with Pre-S women (135 ± 9 and 116 ± 17 vs. 193 ± 21 AUC, respectively, both P < 0.008), whereas Post-S and Post-AE women were not different ( P = 0.3). Brachial artery FMD was 34% (5.73 ± 0.67%) and 45% (4.79 ± 0.57%) lower in Post-S and Post-AE, respectively, vs. Pre-S women (8.69 ± 0.95%, both P ≤ 0.01), but not different between Post-S and Post-AE women ( P = 0.3). Post-AE women had lower circulating C-reactive protein and oxidized low-density lipoprotein compared with Post-S women (0.5 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2 mg/l and 40 ± 4 vs. 55 ± 3 U/l, respectively, both P = 0.01), but these markers were not correlated to FBFACh ( P = 0.3) or brachial artery FMD ( P = 0.8). These findings are consistent with the idea that habitual AE does not protect against age/menopause-related whole forearm micro- and macrovascular endothelial dysfunction in healthy nonobese estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, despite being associated with lower systemic markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to demonstrate that habitual aerobic exercise may not protect against age/menopause-related whole forearm microvascular endothelial dysfunction in healthy nonobese estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, consistent with recent findings regarding macrovascular endothelial function. This is in contrast to what is observed in healthy middle-aged and older aerobic exercise-trained men.
Piloting Psychology Annual Reviews as a Method of Measuring Psychological Distress and Quality of Life in Paediatric Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Bamford Jade , Wirz Lucy
Published: November 2016

Psychosocial distress and poorer quality of life after renal transplantation are common in children and young people. This has implications for medication adherence and survival. Posttransplant psychology annual reviews were introduced in one Paediatric Renal Service in the UK as a means of measuring psychological distress and quality of life, as well as facilitating identification of patients and parents/carers who would benefit from psychological intervention. The process of completing posttransplant psychology annual reviews is discussed within this paper. The posttransplant psychology annual review appointments identified patients experiencing depression and/or anxiety and problems in quality of life. These assessments have led to appropriate referrals to, and engagement with, the renal psychology service as well as with community tier 3 child and adolescent mental health services. The posttransplant psychology annual review will continue to be completed at this UK site and discussions will be undertaken with other paediatric renal transplant services to consider whether these could be introduced at a national level to facilitate collection of longitudinal data regarding long-term psychosocial impact of paediatric renal transplantation and its effect on quality of life.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nontoxic Hollow Iron Oxide (α-Fe2O3) Nanoparticles Using a Simple Hydrothermal Strategy
Authors: Riasat Rabia , Nie Guangjun
Published: November 2016

Hollow spheres of iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-pot synthesis by using hydrothermal method. Iron salt was dissolved together with glucose in water and then the mixture was heated to 180°C in an autoclave at 12 and 24 hours of synthesis time separately. Carbon spheres were formed with the metal ions into their hydrophilic shell after the hydrothermal approach. Hollow α-Fe2O3 spheres of around 200 to 300 nm size were formed after the calcination that lead to the removal of carbon. Size of nanoparticles, surface area, and thickness of the α-Fe2O3 shell can be precisely controlled by controlling the ratio of iron and glucose. Increasing the reaction time will decrease the shell thickness. Phase confirmation and crystalline structure of these nanoparticles were done by XRD. Surface morphology was characterized by SEM and TEM analysis showed the hollow spheres inside and a shell of α-Fe2O3. Further confirmation was done by EDX and FTIR analysis. Iron content was measured by ICP-OES. Cytotoxicity was done by using CCK-8 assay kit in the Hep G-2 cell line showing the nontoxic behavior of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The as-prepared nanoparticles can be exploited in a number of applications in areas ranging from medicine to pharmaceutics to material science.
The Hypertension of Hemophilia Is Not Explained by the Usual Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Results of a Cohort Study
Authors: Barnes Richard F. W. , Cramer Thomas J. , Sait Afrah S. , Kruse-Jarres Rebecca , Quon Doris V. K. , von Drygalski Annette
Published: November 2016

Background. The etiology of the high prevalence of hypertension among patients with hemophilia (PWH) remains unknown.Methods. We compared 469 PWH in the United States with males from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to determine whether differences in cardiovascular risk factors can account for the hypertension in hemophilia.Results. Median systolic and diastolic BP were higher in PWH than NHANES (P<0.001) for subjects not taking antihypertensives. Those taking antihypertensives showed similar differences. Differences in both systolic and diastolic BP were especially marked among adults <30 years old. Differences between PWH and NHANES persisted after adjusting for age and risk factors (body mass index, renal function, cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, Hepatitis C, and race).Conclusions. Systolic and diastolic BP are higher in PWH than in the general male population and especially among PWH < 30 years old. The usual cardiovascular risk factors do not account for the etiology of the higher prevalence of hypertension in hemophilia. New investigations into the missing link between hemophilia and hypertension should include age of onset of hypertension and hemophilia-specific morbidities such as the role of inflammatory joint disease.
Treatment of a Developmental Groove and Supernumerary Root Using Guided Tissue Regeneration Technique
Authors: Alizadeh Tabari Zahra , Homayouni Hamed , Pourseyediyan Tahere , Arvin Armita , Eiland Derrick , Moradi Majd Nima
Published: November 2016

Introduction. The radicular groove is a developmental groove which is usually found on the palatal or lateral aspects of the maxillary incisor teeth. The present case is a maxillary lateral incisor with a small second root and a deep radicular groove. The developmental groove caused a combined periodontal-endodontic lesion. Methods. Case was managed using a combined treatment procedure involving nonsurgical root canal therapy and surgical periodontal treatment. After completion of root canal treatment, guided tissue regeneration (GTR) was carried out using decalcified freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and a bioabsorbable collagenous membrane. Tooth also was splinted for two months. Results. After 12 months the tooth was asymptomatic. The periapical radiolucency disappeared and probing depth did not exceed 3 mm. Conclusion. Combined treatment procedure involving nonsurgical root canal therapy and surgical periodontal regenerative treatment can be a predictable technique in treating combined endodontic-periodontal lesions caused by radicular groove.
Pattern and Distribution of Colorectal Cancer in Tanzania: A Retrospective Chart Audit at Two National Hospitals
Authors: Katalambula Leonard K. , Ntwenya Julius Edward , Ngoma Twalib , Buza Joram , Mpolya Emmanuel , Mtumwa Abdallah H. , Petrucka Pammla
Published: November 2016

Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing public health concern with increasing rates in countries with previously known low incidence. This study determined pattern and distribution of CRC in Tanzania and identified hot spots in case distribution. Methods. A retrospective chart audit reviewed hospital registers and patient files from two national institutions. Descriptive statistics, Chi square (χ2) tests, and regression analyses were employed and augmented by data visualization to display risk variable differences. Results. CRC cases increased sixfold in the last decade in Tanzania. There was a 1.5% decrease in incidences levels of rectal cancer and 2% increase for colon cancer every year from 2005 to 2015. Nearly half of patients listed Dar es Salaam as their primary residence. CRC was equally distributed between males (50.06%) and females (49.94%), although gender likelihood of diagnosis type (i.e., rectal or colon) was significantly different (P=0.027). More than 60% of patients were between 40 and 69 years. Conclusions. Age (P=0.0183) and time (P=0.004) but not gender (P=0.0864) were significantly associated with rectal cancer in a retrospective study in Tanzania. Gender (P=0.0405), age (P=0.0015), and time (P=0.0075) were all significantly associated with colon cancer in this study. This retrospective study found that colon cancer is more prevalent among males at a relatively younger age than rectal cancer. Further, our study showed that although more patients were diagnosed with rectal cancer, the trend has shown that colon cancer is increasing at a faster rate.
Xanthine Oxidase Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Miric Dijana J. , Kisic Bojana M. , Filipovic-Danic Snezana , Grbic Rade , Dragojevic Ilija , Miric Marko B. , Puhalo-Sladoje Dragana
Published: November 2016

This study investigated the relationship between serum xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity and the occurrence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Serum XOD activity, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), uric acid (UA), albumin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), advanced glycation end products (AGE), total free thiols, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and body mass index (BMI) were measured in 80 T2DM patients (29 with and 51 without DPN), and 30 nondiabetic control subjects. Duration of diabetes, hypertension, medication, and microalbuminuria was recorded. Serum XOD activities in controls, non-DPN, and DPN were5.7±2.4 U/L,20.3±8.6 U/L, and27.5±10.6 U/L (p<0.01), respectively. XOD activity was directly correlated to IMA, UA, BMI, HbA1c, and AGE, while inversely correlated to serum total free thiols. A multivariable logistic regression model, which included duration of diabetes, hypertension, AIP, HbA1c, UA, and XOD activity, revealed HbA1c [OR = 1.03 (1.00–1.05);p=0.034] and XOD activity [OR = 1.07 (1.00–1.14);p=0.036] as independent predictors of DPN. Serum XOD activity was well correlated to several other risk factors. These results indicate the role of XOD in the development of DPN among T2DM patients.
Biomarkers Discovery for Colorectal Cancer: A Review on Tumor Endothelial Markers as Perspective Candidates
Authors: Pietrzyk Łukasz
Published: November 2016

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. The early detection of CRC, during the promotion/progression stages, is an enormous challenge for a successful outcome and remains a fundamental problem in clinical approach. Despite the continuous advancement in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, there is a need for discovery of sensitive and specific, noninvasive biomarkers. Tumor endothelial markers (TEMs) are associated with tumor-specific angiogenesis and are potentially useful to discriminate between tumor and normal endothelium. The most promising TEMs for oncogenic signaling in CRC appeared to be the TEM1, TEM5, TEM7, and TEM8. Overexpression of TEMs especially TEM1, TEM7, and TEM8 in colorectal tumor tissue compared to healthy tissue suggests their role in tumor blood vessels formation. Thus TEMs appear to be perspective candidates for early detection, monitoring, and treatment of CRC patients. This review provides an update on recent data on tumor endothelial markers and their possible use as biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and therapy of colorectal cancer patients.
A SVR Learning Based Sensor Placement Approach for Nonlinear Spatially Distributed Systems
Authors: Zhang Xian-xia , Fu Zhi-qiang , Shan Wei-lu , Wang Bing , Zou Tao
Published: November 2016

Many industrial processes are inherently distributed in space and time and are called spatially distributed dynamical systems (SDDSs). Sensor placement affects capturing the spatial distribution and then becomes crucial issue to model or control an SDDS. In this study, a new data-driven based sensor placement method is developed. SVR algorithm is innovatively used to extract the characteristics of spatial distribution from a spatiotemporal data set. The support vectors learned by SVR represent the crucial spatial data structure in the spatiotemporal data set, which can be employed to determine optimal sensor location and sensor number. A systematic sensor placement design scheme in three steps (data collection, SVR learning, and sensor locating) is developed for an easy implementation. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed sensor placement scheme is validated on two spatiotemporal 3D fuzzy controlled spatially distributed systems.
The Buried Bumper Syndrome: External Bumper Extraction after Radial Mini Incisions and Replacement through an Adjacent Tract
Authors: Benatta M. A.
Published: November 2016

Although considered as a safe method to provide long-term nutritional support, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) may be complicated by a buried bumper syndrome (BBS), a life-threatening condition. Removal of the PEG tube with its buried bumper and reinsertion of a new PEG tube is often necessary. Since its description in 1988, less than 50 cases of BBS managed by external extraction of the buried bumper have been reported. We report a case of buried bumper that was removed by external traction without the need for endoscopic or laparoscopic treatment but with the need of two radial millimeter skin incisions after abdominal CT study and finally immediate PEG replacement but through an adjacent site.
Identification ofITGA2BandITGB3Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Their Influences on the Platelet Function
Authors: Xiang Qian , Ji Shun-Dong , Zhang Zhuo , Zhao Xia , Cui Yi-Min
Published: November 2016

The aim of the study was to investigateITGA2BandITGB3genetic polymorphisms and to evaluate the variability in the platelet function in healthy Chinese subjects. The genetic sequence of the entire coding region of theITGA2BandITGB3genes was investigated. Adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa content, bleeding time, and coagulation indexes were detected. Thirteen variants in theITGA2Blocus and 29 variants in theITGB3locus were identified in the Chinese population. The rs1009312 and rs2015049 were associated with the mean platelet volume. The rs70940817 was significantly correlated with the prothrombin time. The rs70940817 and rs112188890 were related with the activated partial thromboplastin time, andITGB3rs4642 was correlated with the thrombin time and fibrinogen. The minor alleles of rs56197296 and rs5919 were associated with decreased ADP-induced platelet aggregation, and rs55827077 was related with decreased GPIIb/IIIa per platelet. The rs1009312, rs2015049, rs3760364, rs567581451, rs7208170, and rs117052258 were related with bleeding time. Further studies are needed to explore the clinical importance ofITGA2BandITGB3SNPs in the platelet function.
Lack of Association between Genetic Polymorphisms of JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway Genes and Acute Anterior Uveitis in Han Chinese
Authors: Cheng Ling , Yu Hongsong , Jiang Yan , He Juan , Pu Sisi , Li Xin , Zhang Li
Published: November 2016

Purpose.This study aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of JAK-STAT signaling pathway genes and acute anterior uveitis (AAU) with or without ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the Han Chinese population.Methods. Eleven SNPs of theJAK1,JAK2,STAT1,IRF1, andNOS2genes were analyzed in 443 AAU patients with AS, 486 AAU patients without AS, and 714 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP assay or TaqMan® probe assay. The Chi-squared (χ2) test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to compare the distributions of alleles and genotypes between patients and controls.Pvalues were adjusted using Bonferroni correction.Results. We did not observe significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of any SNP between AAU patients with or without AS and healthy controls. Stratification analyses by gender and HLA-B27 status showed a boundary significant association between two SNPs (rs10975003 and rs10758669) inJAK2and AAU (P=0.052andP=0.053, resp.).Conclusions. Our results indicated that genetic polymorphisms of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway genes may not be associated with AAU in the Han Chinese population.