bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anticipatory Defocusing of Attention and Contextual Response Priming but No Role of Aesthetic Appreciation in Simple Symmetry Judgments when Switching between Tasks
Authors: Kähler Svantje T. , Jacobsen Thomas , Klein Stina , Wendt Mike
Published: April 2020

Visual attention can be adjusted to task requirements. We asked participants to switch between judging the symmetry of vertically presented three-letter strings and identifying the central stimulus (i.e., Eriksen task) to investigate anticipatory adjustment of attention. Our experiments provide evidence for anticipatory adjustment of visual attention, depending on the cued task (i.e., focusing and defocusing of attention after the Eriksen task cue and after the symmetry task cue, respectively). Although, symmetry judgments were, overall, considerably slower than the identification of the central letter, the effects of response congruency between tasks were comparable in the two tasks, which suggested strong response priming from concurrent symmetry judgment in Eriksen task trials. Symmetry judgment performance was best for homogeneous letter strings (e.g., HHH), worst for strings that were symmetrical and inhomogeneous (e.g., XHX), and intermediate for asymmetrical strings (e.g., HHX). The difficulty of categorizing symmetrical-inhomogeneous items markedly deviated from the aesthetic ratings of the stimuli, displaying a pronounced preference for symmetrical strings, but only little difference among the symmetrical items, and might be accounted by conflict with response priming based on inhomogeneity detection. Although our study provides little evidence for an effect of aesthetic appreciation in simple symmetry judgments, it demonstrates the strong role of contextual dependencies.
Timing Comparison of the Real-Time Operating Systems for Small Microcontrollers
Authors: Ungurean Ioan
Published: April 2020

In automatic systems used in the control and monitoring of industrial processes, fieldbuses with specific real-time requirements are used. Often, the sensors are connected to these fieldbuses through embedded systems, which also have real-time features specific to the industrial environment in which it operates. The embedded operating systems are very important in the design and development of embedded systems. A distinct class of these operating systems is real-time operating systems (RTOSs) that can be used to develop embedded systems, which have hard and/or soft real-time requirements on small microcontrollers (MCUs). RTOSs offer the basic support for developing embedded systems with applicability in a wide range of fields such as data acquisition, internet of things, data compression, pattern recognition, diversity, similarity, symmetry, and so on. The RTOSs provide basic services for multitasking applications with deterministic behavior on MCUs. The services provided by the RTOSs are task management and inter-task synchronization and communication. The selection of the RTOS is very important in the development of the embedded system with real-time requirements and it must be based on the latency in the handling of the critical operations triggered by internal or external events, predictability/determinism in the execution of the RTOS primitives, license costs, and memory footprint. In this paper, we measured and compared the timing performance for synchronization throughout an event, semaphore, and mailbox for the following RTOSs: FreeRTOS 9.0.0, FreeRTOS 10.2.0, rt-thread, Keil RTX, uC/OS-II, and uC/OS-III. For the experimental tests, we developed test applications for two MCUs: ARM Cortex™-M4 and ARM Cortex™-M0+ based MCUs.
On the Generalized Hermite–Hadamard Inequalities via the Tempered Fractional Integrals
Authors: Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Sarikaya Mehmet Zeki , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: April 2020

Integral inequality plays a critical role in both theoretical and applied mathematics fields. It is clear that inequalities aim to develop different mathematical methods (numerically or analytically) and to dedicate the convergence and stability of the methods. Unfortunately, mathematical methods are useless if the method is not convergent or stable. Thus, there is a present day need for accurate inequalities in proving the existence and uniqueness of the mathematical methods. Convexity play a concrete role in the field of inequalities due to the behaviour of its definition. There is a strong relationship between convexity and symmetry. Which ever one we work on, we can apply to the other one due to the strong correlation produced between them especially in recent few years. In this article, we first introduced the notion of λ -incomplete gamma function. Using the new notation, we established a few inequalities of the Hermite–Hadamard (HH) type involved the tempered fractional integrals for the convex functions which cover the previously published result such as Riemann integrals, Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. Finally, three example are presented to demonstrate the application of our obtained inequalities on modified Bessel functions and q-digamma function.
Epstein–Barr Virus-Induced Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder of the Central Nervous System Successfully Treated with Chemo-Immunotherapy
Authors: Inoue Hiroaki , Rai Shinya , Tanaka Hirokazu , Espinoza J. Luis , Komori-Inoue Maiko , Kakutani Hiroaki , Minamoto Shuji , Kumode Takahiro , Nakayama Shoko , Taniguchi Yasuhiro , Morita Yasuyoshi , Okuda Takeshi , Tatsumi Yoichi , Ashida Takashi , Matsumura Itaru
Published: April 2020

Aplastic anemia is a rare blood disease characterized by the destruction of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the bone marrow that, in the majority of cases, is caused by an autoimmune reaction. Patients with aplastic anemia are treated with immunosuppressive drugs and some of them, especially younger individuals with a donor available, can be successfully treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We report here a rare case of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation in a 30-year-old female patient who underwent allogeneic HSCT for severe aplastic anemia. The PTLD, which was diagnosed 230 days after transplantation, was localized exclusively in the central nervous system (specifically in the choroid plexus) and manifested with obvious signs of intracranial hypertension. After receiving three cycles of high dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) combined with rituximab, the patient achieved a complete clinical recovery with normalization of blood cell counts, no evidence of EBV reactivation, and no associated neurotoxicity.
Hepatitis C Virus Proteins Core and NS5A Are Highly Sensitive to Oxidative Stress-Induced Degradation after eIF2α/ATF4 Pathway Activation
Authors: Ríos-Ocampo W. Alfredo , Navas María-Cristina , Buist-Homan Manon , Faber Klaas Nico , Daemen Toos , Moshage Han
Published: April 2020

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is accompanied by increased oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress as a consequence of viral replication, production of viral proteins, and pro-inflammatory signals. To overcome the cellular stress, hepatocytes have developed several adaptive mechanisms like anti-oxidant response, activation of Unfolded Protein Response and autophagy to achieve cell survival. These adaptive mechanisms could both improve or inhibit viral replication, however, little is known in this regard. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms by which hepatocyte-like (Huh7) cells adapt to cellular stress in the context of HCV protein overexpression and oxidative stress. Huh7 cells stably expressing individual HCV (Core, NS3/4A and NS5A) proteins were treated with the superoxide anion donor menadione to induce oxidative stress. Production of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspase 3 were quantified. The activation of the eIF2α/ATF4 pathway and changes in the steady state levels of the autophagy-related proteins LC3 and p62 were determined either by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or Western blotting. Huh7 cells expressing Core or NS5A demonstrated reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis. In addition, phosphorylation of eIF2α and increased ATF4 and CHOP expression was observed with subsequent HCV Core and NS5A protein degradation. In line with these results, in liver biopsies from patients with hepatitis C, the expression of ATF4 and CHOP was confirmed. HCV Core and NS5A protein degradation was reversed by antioxidant treatment or silencing of the autophagy adaptor protein p62. We demonstrated that hepatocyte-like cells expressing HCV proteins and additionally exposed to oxidative stress adapt to cellular stress through eIF2a/ATF4 activation and selective degradation of HCV pro-oxidant proteins Core and NS5A. This selective degradation is dependent on p62 and results in increased resistance to apoptotic cell death induced by oxidative stress. This mechanism may provide a new key for the study of HCV pathology and lead to novel clinically applicable therapeutic interventions.
Systems Biology Analysis of the Antagonizing Effects of HIV-1 Tat Expression in the Brain over Transcriptional Changes Caused by Methamphetamine Sensitization
Authors: Basova Liana V. , Kesby James P. , Kaul Marcus , Semenova Svetlana , Garibaldi Marcondes Maria Cecilia
Published: April 2020

Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse is common among humans with immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The HIV-1 regulatory protein, trans-activator of transcription (Tat), has been described to induce changes in brain gene transcription that can result in impaired reward circuitry, as well as in inflammatory processes. In transgenic mice with doxycycline-induced Tat protein expression in the brain, i.e., a mouse model of neuroHIV, we tested global gene expression patterns induced by Meth sensitization. Meth-induced locomotor sensitization included repeated daily Meth or saline injections for seven days and Meth challenge after a seven-day abstinence period. Brain samples were collected 30 min after the Meth challenge. We investigated global gene expression changes in the caudate putamen, an area with relevance in behavior and HIV pathogenesis, and performed pathway and transcriptional factor usage predictions using systems biology strategies. We found that Tat expression alone had a very limited impact in gene transcription after the Meth challenge. In contrast, Meth-induced sensitization in the absence of Tat induced a global suppression of gene transcription. Interestingly, the interaction between Tat and Meth broadly prevented the Meth-induced global transcriptional suppression, by maintaining regulation pathways, and resulting in gene expression profiles that were more similar to the controls. Pathways associated with mitochondrial health, initiation of transcription and translation, as well as with epigenetic control, were heavily affected by Meth, and by its interaction with Tat in anti-directional ways. A series of systems strategies have predicted several components impacted by these interactions, including mitochondrial pathways, mTOR/RICTOR, AP-1 transcription factor, and eukaryotic initiation factors involved in transcription and translation. In spite of the antagonizing effects of Tat, a few genes identified in relevant gene networks remained downregulated, such as sirtuin 1, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP). In conclusion, Tat expression in the brain had a low acute transcriptional impact but strongly interacted with Meth sensitization, to modify effects in the global transcriptome.
Tree-Based Modeling Methods to Predict Nitrate Exceedances in the Ogallala Aquifer in Texas
Authors: Uddameri Venkatesh , Silva Ana , Singaraju Sreeram , Mohammadi Ghazal , Hernandez E.
Published: April 2020

The performance of four tree-based classification techniques—classification and regression trees (CART), multi-adaptive regression splines (MARS), random forests (RF) and gradient boosting trees (GBT) were compared against the commonly used logistic regression (LR) analysis to assess aquifer vulnerability in the Ogallala Aquifer of Texas. The results indicate that the tree-based models performed better than the logistic regression model, as they were able to locally refine nitrate exceedance probabilities. RF exhibited the best generalizable capabilities. The CART model did better in predicting non-exceedances. Nitrate exceedances were sensitive to well depths—an indicator of aquifer redox conditions, which, in turn, was controlled by alkalinity increases brought forth by the dissolution of calcium carbonate. The clay content of soils and soil organic matter, which serve as indicators of agriculture activities, were also noted to have significant influences on nitrate exceedances. Likely nitrogen releases from confined animal feedlot operations in the northeast portions of the study area also appeared to be locally important. Integrated soil, hydrogeological and geochemical datasets, in conjunction with tree-based methods, help elucidate processes controlling nitrate exceedances. Overall, tree-based models offer flexible, transparent approaches for mapping nitrate exceedances, identifying underlying mechanisms and prioritizing monitoring activities.
Investigating the Impacts of Water Conservation on Water Quality in Distribution Networks Using an Advection-Dispersion Transport Model
Authors: Abokifa Ahmed A. , Xing Lu , Sela Lina
Published: April 2020

With the increasing adoption of demand management strategies and water conservation practices, domestic water consumption is projected to decline in the future. The subsequent consumer-side demand reductions are expected to result in increased residence times in water distribution networks (WDNs), and thus could have negative effects on the water quality (WQ) reaching the consumers’ taps. This study evaluates the impacts of the projected decrease in residential water demands on the deterioration of the WQ in WDNs. This deterioration will likely be most prominent in the dead-end branches at the perimeters of WDNs, where the flow is characteristically low and intermittent. The assessment of WQ deterioration in the dead-end branches requires the implementation of an accurate WQ simulation model. To this end, a new Python-based software package, WUDESIM_Py, is first introduced. The WQ simulation engine in WUDESIM_Py is based on an advection-dispersion-reaction model and accounts for the spatial distribution of water demands along dead-end pipes. WUDESIM_Py comprises various sets of functions that allow the users to set-up and conduct WQ simulations as well as obtain and visualize simulation results. A complete description of the different functions, together with examples of how these functions can be implemented in different applications, is provided. Through conducting extensive simulations of benchmark WDNs, the results revealed that widespread adoption of water conservation practices can lead to significant WQ deterioration in the dead-end branches. Additionally, the results suggested that neglecting dispersive transport and spatially aggregating demands may result in overestimating residual chlorine concentrations in the dead-end branches, which could mask the real impacts of demand reduction on WQ deterioration.
Evaluation of the Influence of Farming Practices and Land Use on Groundwater Resources in a Coastal Multi-Aquifer System in Puck Region (Northern Poland)
Authors: Szymkiewicz Adam , Potrykus Dawid , Jaworska-Szulc Beata , Gumuła-Kawęcka Anna , Pruszkowska-Caceres Małgorzata , Dzierzbicka-Głowacka Lidia
Published: April 2020

This study focuses on the modeling of groundwater flow and nitrate transport in a multi-aquifer hydrosystem in northern Poland, adjacent to Puck Bay (Baltic sea). The main goal was to investigate how changes in land use and farming practices may affect groundwater recharge and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to the sea and the associated N-NO3 fluxes. An integrated modelling approach has been developed, which couples the SWAT hydrologic model, MODFLOW-NWT groundwater flow model, and MT3DMS transport model. Transient simulations were performed for a 10 y period, assuming 10 different scenarios of land use (farming, grassland, forest) and crop types. Both recharge and SGD showed a distinct pattern of seasonal time variability. In terms of the average flow rates, the effect of varying crop type was more significant than that of land use change, with the minimum recharge and SGD corresponding to winter wheat and the maximum for peas and potatoes. Nitrate loads were strongly affected by both land use and crop type, with minimum values obtained for grassland and maximum values for canola.
Transparent Exopolymer Particle (TEPs) Dynamics and Contribution to Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) in Jaran Bay, Korea
Authors: Lee Jae Hyung , Lee Won Chan , Kim Hyung Chul , Jo Naeun , Jang Hyo Keun , Kang Jae Joong , Lee Dabin , Kim Kwanwoo , Lee Sang Heon
Published: April 2020

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) are defined as acidic polysaccharide particles and they are influenced by various biotic and abiotic processes that play significant roles in marine biogeochemical cycles. However, little information on their monthly variation, relationship and contribution to particulate organic carbon (POC) is currently available particularly in coastal regions. In this study, the water samples were collected monthly to determine TEP concentrations and POC concentrations in a southern coastal region of Korea, Jaran Bay from April 2016 to March 2017. The TEP concentrations varied from 26.5 to 1695.4 μg Xeq L−1 (mean ± standard deviation (S.D.) = 215.9 ± 172.2 μg Xeq L−1) and POC concentrations ranged from 109.9 to 1201.9 μg L−1 (mean ± S.D. = 399.1 ± 186.5 μg L−1) during our observation period. Based on the 13C stable isotope tracer technique, monthly carbon uptake rates of phytoplankton ranged from 3.0 to 274.1 mg C m−2 h−1 (mean ± S.D. = 34.5 ± 45.2 mg C m−2 h−1). The cross-correlation analysis showed a lag-time of 2 months between chlorophyll a and TEP concentrations (r = 0.86, p < 0.01; Pearson’s correlation coefficient). In addition, we observed a 2 month lag-phased correlation between TEP concentrations and primary production (r = 0.73, p < 0.05; Pearson’s correlation coefficient). In Jaran Bay, the TEP contribution was as high as 78.0% of the POC when the TEP-C content was high and declined to 2.4% of the POC when it was low. These results showed that TEP-C could be a significant contributor to the POC pool in Jaran Bay.
Long-Term Impacts of Partial Afforestation on Water and Salt Dynamics of an Intermittent Catchment under Climate Change
Authors: Daneshmand Hossein , Alaghmand Sina , Camporese Matteo , Talei Amin , Yeh Pat J.-F. , Daly Edoardo
Published: April 2020

Soil salinization is a major environmental issue in arid and semi-arid regions, and has been accelerated in some areas by removal of native vegetation cover. Partial afforestation can be a practical mitigation strategy if efficiently integrated with farms and pastures. Using an integrated surface-subsurface hydrological model, this study evaluates the water and salt dynamics and soil salinization conditions of a rural intermittent catchment in the semi-arid climate of southeast Australia subjected to four different partial afforestation configurations under different climate change scenarios, as predicted by several general circulation models. The results show that the locations of afforested areas can induce a retarding effect in the outflow of groundwater salt, with tree planting at lower elevations showing the steadier salt depletion rates. Moreover, except for the configuration with trees planted near the outlet of the catchment, the streamflow is maintained under all other configurations. It appears that under both Representative Concentration Pathways considered (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model represents the fastest salt export scheme, whereas the Canadian Earth System Model and the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate represent the slowest salt export scheme. Overall, it is found that the location of partial afforestation generally plays a more significant role than the climate change scenarios.
Use of Ultrasound as an Advanced Oxidation Process for the Degradation of Emerging Pollutants in Water
Authors: Camargo-Perea Ana L. , Rubio-Clemente Ainhoa , Peñuela Gustavo A.
Published: April 2020

Emerging pollutants are compounds of increased environmental importance and, as such there is interest among researchers in the evaluation of their presence, continuity and elimination in different environmental matrices. The present work reviews the available scientific data on the degradation of emerging pollutants, mainly pharmaceuticals, through ultrasound, as an advanced oxidation process (AOP). This study analyzes the influence of several parameters, such as the nature of the pollutant, the ultrasonic frequency, the electrical power, the pH, the constituents of the matrix and the temperature of the solution on the efficiency of this AOP through researches previously reported in the literature. Additionally, it informs on the application of the referred process alone and/or in combination with other AOPs focusing on the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewaters containing emerging pollutants, mainly pharmaceuticals, as well as on the economic costs associated with and the future perspectives that make ultrasound a possible candidate to solve the problem of water pollution by these emerging pollutants..
Analysis of Suspended Sediment in the Anavilhanas Archipelago, Rio Negro, Amazon Basin
Authors: Marinho Rogério Ribeiro , Filizola Junior Naziano Pantoja , Cremon Édipo Henrique
Published: April 2020

This article analyzes the flows of water and total suspended sediment in different reaches in the lower course of the Negro River, the largest fluvial blackwater system in the world. The area under study is the Anavilhanas Archipelago, which is a complex multichannel reach on the Negro River. Between the years 2016 and 2019, data about water discharge, velocity, and concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) were acquired in sample sections of the Negro River channels located upstream, inside, and downstream of the Anavilhanas Archipelago. In the study area, the Negro River drains an area greater than 700,000 km2, and the mean water discharge observed before the Anavilhanas was about 28.655 m3·s−1, of which 97% flows through two channels of the Archipelago close to the right and left banks. The mean TSS concentration of the Negro River upstream and downstream the Archipelago was 3.28 mg·L−1 and 1.63 mg·L−1, respectively. Within the Archipelago, we observed more TSS in the channel on the left bank of the Negro River (mean of 4.50 mg·L−1). The total suspended sediment discharge of the Negro River before (3.14 Mt·year−1) and after (1.43 Mt·year−1) the Anavilhanas Archipelago indicates a 55% retention of the suspended load due to the low water slope and reduced flow velocity caused by the backwater effect of Solimões River on the Negro River. The hydro-sedimentary scenario of the low course of the Negro River characterized in this study indicates a slow and continuous sedimentation process in the Anavilhanas Archipelago. The results presented will serve as a baseline to assess the impacts of the dams on the Branco River, the main tributary for both water and sediment in the Negro River basin.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Comparative Health Policy Learning in Iran
Authors: Raoofi Azam , Takian Amirhossein , Akbari Sari Ali , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Haghighi Hajar , Aarabi Mohsen
Published: April 2020

Background: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a global pandemic. Starting in December 2019 from China, the first cases were officially announced on February 19 in Qom city, Iran. As of April 3, 2020, 206 countries have reported a total of 932166 cases with 46764 deaths. Along with China, USA, Italy, Spain, and Germany, Iran has been suffering the hardest burden of COVID-19 outbreak. Worse still, countries like Iran are struggling with the double burden of political sanctions to provide lifesaving medical equipment and medicines to combat the emergency. Methods: Using systematic document content analysis and through the lenses of health policy triangle, this article aims to compare the policies and strategies that Iran is adopting, with the experience and recommendations of China and WHO to combat COVID-19. Results: Iran has formulated contextual-based policies to combat COVID-19 outbreak before and after virus entrance. Insufficient whole-government, whole-society approach in managing the outbreak, inadequate lifesaving and protective equipment, and delayed decisive governance are the biggest challenges in policy making to combat COVID-19. COVID-19 policies are a public health concern and require professional advocacy attempts through appropriate inter-sectoral collaboration and whole-government coalitions. Conclusion: COVID-19 is an unfolding outbreak; hence, policy learning is crucial to formulate appropriate policies and implement them accordingly. Iran has made many efforts to defeat the outbreak, but more coherent, timely and efficient action is required, now, more than ever, to save lives and slow the spread of this pandemic.
Co-infection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza A: A Report from Iran
Authors: Khodamoradi Zohre , Moghadami Mohsen , Lotfi Mehrzad
Published: April 2020

Background: In late December 2019, a viral pneumonia known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated from China and spread very rapidly in the world. Since then, COVID-19 has become a global concern and health problem. Methods: We present four patients in this study, selected from among patients who presented with pneumonia symptoms and were suspicious for COVID-19. They were referred to the intended centers for COVID-19 diagnosis and management of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in southern Iran. Two nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal throat swab samples were collected from each patient and tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using real-time reverse-transcriptase– polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR). The samples were also tested for influenza viruses and the complete respiratory panel. Results: In the present report, four patients were diagnosed in the starting days of COVID-19 disease in our center in southern Iran with co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. Conclusion: This co-infection of COVID-19 and influenza A highlights the importance of considering SARS-CoV-2 PCR assay regardless of other positive findings for other pathogens in the primary test during the epidemic.
Dynamic Chest CT Evaluation in Three Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia
Authors: Chen Xing , Liu Shuying , Zhang Chunyi , Pu Guimei , Sun Jian , Shen Juxin , Chen Yefeng
Published: April 2020

A recent outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, was caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). There have been some reports of imaging findings regarding the disease’s characteristic features. Here, we report three cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with dynamic pulmonary CT evaluation. The CT scan showed multiple regions of ground-glass opacities and patchy consolidation in COVID-19 patients and the CT scan was useful in tracking the progression or regression of COVID-19.
The Jurassic of Kuhn Ø, North-East Greenland
Authors: Alsgaard Per C. , Felt Vince L. , Vosgerau Henrik , Surlyk Finn
Published: April 2020

The Middle–Upper Jurassic succession of Kuhn Ø, North-East Greenland accumulated in a major half-graben and is an excellent analogue for the subsurface of the mid-Norwegian shelf. On Kuhn Ø, peneplaned crystalline basement was incised by a drainage system during a major base-level lowstand, probably in late Early or early Middle Jurassic times. It was filled with fluvial conglomerates of the newly defined Middle Jurassic Bastians Dal Formation during subsequent base-level rise. As sea level continued to rise, precursor-peat of the coals of the Muslingebjerg Formation formed in swamps which covered the conglomerates and filled the remaining space of the incised valley system. The valley and interfluve areas were flooded in Late Bathonian – Callovian times and tidally-dominated, shallow marine sandstones of the Pelion Formation were deposited on top of the valley fill and over the adjacent basement peneplain. These sandstones are overlain by the newly defined shallow marine Oxfordian Payer Dal Formation which is subdivided into a lower unit and an upper unit, separated by a major drowning surface. The Payer Dal Formation sands were flooded in the Late Jurassic and organic-rich, offshore mudstones of the Bernbjerg Formation were deposited. The Jurassic succession of Kuhn Ø can thus be subdivided into large-scale sedimentary units separated by major drowning surfaces. They are of regional extent, and in combination with biostratigraphic and 87Sr/86Sr isotope data they allow the correlation of the sedimentary units on Kuhn Ø with more offshore deposits to the south in Wollaston Forland and more landwards successions to the north in Hochstetter Forland. Petrographically, the trough cross-bedded sandstones of the Pelion Formation and the lower unit of the Payer Dal Formation include both calcite-cemented and poorly cemented quartz sandstones. The calcite cement was derived from dissolution of abundant calcareous fossils and forms concretionary horizons. The upper unit of the Payer Dal Formation mainly consists of weaklycemented quartz sandstones with porosities around 30%. The sandstones of the Pelion and Payer Dal Formations on Kuhn Ø are petrographically very similar to Jurassic sandstones from the mid- Norwegian shelf and the Barents Sea with regard to original mineralogical composition, sorting and grain size. The Bernbjerg Formation mudstones are comparable to the Upper Jurassic source rock of the mid-Norwegian shelf and the Barents Sea, but have lower hydrogen index (HI) values due to terrigenous input in a relatively proximal setting. Coals of the Muslingebjerg Formation have significant source rock potential with measured HI values up to 700, kerogen types II–III and total organic carbon (TOC) values above 50%.
Stratigraphy and sedimentology of a basement-onlapping shallow marine sandstone succession, the Charcot Bugt Formation, Middle–Upper Jurassic, East Greenland
Authors: Larsen Michael , Piasecki Stefan , Surlyk Finn
Published: April 2020

A rocky shore developed in early Middle Jurassic times by transgression of the crystalline basement in Milne Land at the western margin of the East Greenland rift basin. The basement is onlapped by shallow marine sandstones of the Charcot Bugt Formation, locally with a thin fluvial unit at the base. The topography of the onlap surface suggests that a relative sea-level rise of at least 300 m took place in Early Bathonian – Middle Oxfordian times. The sea-level rise was punctuated by relative stillstands and falls during which progradation of the shoreline took place. Palynological data tied to the Boreal ammonite stratigraphy have greatly improved time resolution within the Charcot Bugt Formation, and the Jurassic succession in Milne Land can now be understood in terms of genetically-related depositional systems with a proximal to distal decrease in grain size. The sequence stratigraphic interpretation suggests that translation of the depositional systems governed by relative sea-level changes resulted in stacking of sandstone-dominated falling stage deposits in the eastern, basinwards parts of Milne Land, whereas thick, remarkably coarse-grained transgressive systems tract deposits formed along the western basin margin. The bulk of the Charcot Bugt Formation consists of stacked sandstone-dominated shoreface units that prograded during highstands. The overall aggradational to backstepping stacking pattern recognised in the Charcot Bugt Formation is comparable to that in the contemporaneous Pelion Formation of the Jameson Land Basin and in correlative units of the mid-Norway shelf and the Northern North Sea. We suggest that the long-term evolution of the depositional systems may have been controlled by long-term eustatic rise acting in concert with relative sea-level changes reflecting regionally contemporaneous phases of rift initiation, climax and gradual cessation of rifting.
Fish otoliths from the Paleocene of Denmark
Authors: Schwarzhans Werner
Published: April 2020

Fish otoliths are described from the Lower Paleocene (Danian) and Middle Paleocene (Selandian) from Sjælland in Denmark. A total of 44 species are described, 23 as newly established and nine in open nomenclature. Twelve species (including seven new species) have been obtained from the Danian poorly consolidated coral limestone at Fakse and 39 species (including 19 new species) from the Selandian at localities near Copenhagen. Both stages have previously been poorly known for otoliths in the North Sea Basin, and are described from only two previous publications, i.e. Koken in 1885 from the Selandian of Copenhagen and Roedel in 1930 who described otoliths from erratic ice age boulders in north-east Germany. The original material of both workers has been revised in this bulletin. Otoliths are well known elsewhere in the North Sea Basin since Upper Paleocene (Thanetian) times and are described from the London Basin and from Belgium. Palaeographic, palaeoecological and biostratigraphic implications of the otolith findings in the Paleocene of the North Sea Basin are discussed. Two new genera and 23 new species are introduced and described. The new taxa are: Genartina hauniensis n. sp., genus Anguillidarum semisphaeroides n. sp., Conger illaesus n. sp., Rhechias angulosus n. sp., genus Clupeidarum rectiventralis n. sp., genus Salmonidarum n. sp., Protargentinolithus procerus n. sp., Argentina longistrostris n. sp., Aulopus tortus n. sp., genus Myctophidarum schnetleri n. sp., genus ?Percopsiformorum enigmaticus n. sp., Palaeogadus sinangulatus n. sp., Molvia palaeomorpha n. sp., Protocolliolus amorphus n. sp., Coryphaenoides amager n. sp., Hymenocephalus rosenkrantzi n. sp., genus Bythitidarm rasmussenae n. sp., genus Veliferidarum harderi n. sp., genus Zeiformorum janni n. sp., Centroberyx fragilis n. sp., Scorpaena corallophilus n. sp., genus Gempylidarum merus n. sp. and Ostracion pergravis n. sp.
Various developments in Abrasive Flow Machining Process: A Review
Authors: Ali Parvesh , M. S Ranganath , Walia R.S , Murtaza Q.
Published: April 2020

Abrasive flow machining is a nonconventional process used for polishing of metallic components, internal inaccessible cavities or recesses using a semi liquid paste. It was developed to deburr, polish the surfaces having complex geometries and edges by flowing abrasive particles with a visco-elastic nonconductive media over them. Abrasive particle sharp cutting edges remove the material by abrasion mechanism from the workpiece surface. In the recent year, work has been carryout towards the development of abrasive flow machining for achieving the higher material removal and improved surface finish. This method has a unique property of simultaneous improvement in material removal and surface finish. In this paper authors discussed about various recent developments in abrasive flow machining with major objective of improving the productivity of the process.
Pengaruh Latihan Sirkuit Training terhadap Kecepatan Tendangan Sabit pada Siswa Ekstrakulikuler Pencak Silat SMP Negeri 2 Pangkalpinang
Authors: Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Ulfah Widati Amalin , Walton Erick Prayogo
Published: April 2020

Sirkuit training  merupakan salah satu bentuk latihan yang dilakukan dalam satu putaran melewati beberapa pos, pada setiap pos siswa melakukan berbagai bentuk latihan yang bervariasi dan dilakukan secara berulang-ulang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil peningkatan kecepatan tendangan sabit pada siswa ekstrakulukuler pencak silat SMP Negeri 2 pangkalpinang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Desain penelitian eksperimental yang digunakan adalah pretest dan posttest control group design. Populasi terdiri dari 28 siswa dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu menggunakan teknik total sampling. Setelah semua data dianalisis dengan berbagai tahapan yang dimulai dari uji statistika untuk menentukan mean, median, modus, standar deviasi, varian dan range. Kemudian dilakukan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji hipotesis dengan syarat  lebih besar dari Berdasarkan perhitungan diketahui bahwa thitung = 3,483 > 2,056, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ha diterima, artinya bahwa terdapat pengaruh latihan sirkuit jump kick terhadap kecepatan tendangan sabit pencak silat.
O ACESSO DO PACIENTE IDOSO COM LIMITAÇÕES FUNCIONAIS AOS SERVIÇOS DE SAUDE DO BRASIL
Authors: Esteves Frota Renata , Júllya Almeida da Silva Oliveira Anna , Barbosa Anastacio Lucas , Josino de Souza Raquel , Barbosa de Freitas Rodolfo
Published: April 2020

OBJETIVO: O envelhecimento da população brasileira trouxe mudanças no perfil demográfico e epidemiológico em todo País, produzindo demandas que requerem respostas das políticas sociais envolvendo o Estado e a sociedade, implicando novas formas de cuidado. Assim, configura-se como objetivo do trabalho o conhecimento acerca da utilização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) pelo idosos especialmente aqueles com limitação funcional. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura feita a partir das bases de dados PubMed®, da Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO®) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). A busca foi feita com os descritores: Idoso, Pessoas com deficiência e Serviços de Saúde. RESULTADOS: O número de idosos com dependência ainda é considerado alto, apesar das novas tecnologias em saúde. O declínio funcional da população geriátrica se apresenta por meio de síndromes: imobilidade, incontinência, insuficiência cognitiva, dentre outras. Assim, o número de consultas em unidades básicas de saúde tende a ser maior quando comparado a população mais jovem, justificando a importância de se investir, cada vez mais, na atenção ao idoso. Entretanto, o que se percebe, muitas vezes, é a dificuldade do acesso ao atendimento, principalmente, por questões de infraestrutura. CONCLUSÃO: O crescente processo de envelhecimento da população brasileira e as consequentes mudanças no perfil demográfico e epidemiológico produzem demandas que requerem respostas das políticas sociais envolvendo o Estado e a Sociedade, implicando em novas formas de cuidado sistematizado, contínuo e articulado em rede.

Palavras chave: Idoso, Pessoas com deficiência, Serviços de saúde.
Panorama dos Grupos de Pesquisa em Políticas Públicas de Esporte e Lazer no Brasil Presentes no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa do CNPQ
Authors: Barra Andrea de Oliveira , Silva Sheila Aparecida Pereira dos Santos , Vitorino Maria Rachel
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi localizar grupos de pesquisa em Políticas Públicas de Esporte e Lazer no Brasil, conhecer como se distribuem geograficamente no território nacional, e traçar um panorama do que vêm produzindo nesta linha de pesquisa. Para isso, realizou-se busca sistemática no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, utilizando-se a técnica metodológica snowball, sobre a temática Políticas Públicas de Esporte e Lazer. Os grupos certificados estão distribuídos entre as regiões Nordeste (n=12), Sudeste (n=8), Sul (n=5), Centro-Oeste (n=4) e Norte (n=1). Estes grupos desenvolvem 97 linhas de pesquisa, no entanto, apenas 33% (n=32) são específicas de Políticas Públicas de Esporte e Lazer. Observou-se que houve um aumento, por ano, de 5,93% no número de grupos de pesquisa, entre 1998 a 2015.
Torcedores Jovens e Padrão de Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas
Authors: Romera Liana Abrao , Martins Raul Aragão , Reis Heloísa Helena Baldy dos
Published: April 2020

Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar e analisar o padrão de uso de bebidas alcoólicas de frequentadores de espetáculos futebolísticos filiados a uma torcida organizada paulistana. O padrão de beber em binge representa um dos fatores que podem contribuir para a exposição a situações de risco e vulnerabilidade. O estudo combina pesquisas descritiva e de campo, com entrevistas e aplicação do Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) em torcedores em dias de jogos do Campeonato Paulista de Futebol. Os resultados apontaram padrão de beber que ultrapassa limites do consumo controlado.
Research on Forecasting of China's Monetary Policy Based on Random Forest Algorithm.pdf
Authors: qiu chuanxin
Published: April 2020

This paper uses the random forest algorithm model to quantify and predict the monetary policy of the People's Bank of China under the input of 16 indicators macroeconomic indicators. It is compared with three other machine learning algorithms (CART decision tree, support vector machine and neural network algorithm), discrete selection model and combined prediction model. The results show that the random forest algorithm shows better prediction accuracy in predicting the direction of the central bank's monetary policy.
GAMBARAN PENGGUNAAN ZAT PSIKOAKTIF PADA PASIEN RAWAT INAP RUANG STABIL PERIODE JANUARI-JUNI 2017 DI RUMAH SAKIT JIWA MUTIARA SUKMA MATARAM NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Adiwibawa Danang
Published: April 2020

Gejala gangguan jiwa dapat disebabkan akibat penggunaan zat psikoaktif yang rutin dan terus-menerus. Pemakaian awal tentu belum menyebabkan perubahan perilaku yang berarti, namun bila penggunaannya rutin dan pada periode tertentu akan dapat menyebabkan perubahan perilaku yang akhirnya menimbulkan hendaya dalam menilai realitas terhadap diri dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Beberapa pasien yang rawat inap di Ruang Stabil Rumah Sakit Jiwa Mutiara Sukma ada yang memiliki kebiasaan menggunakan zat tertentu, yang pada gilirannya dapat menghambat proses penyembuhan. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk menilai aspek-aspek penggunaan zat psikoaktif, gangguan kejiwaan, dukungan psikososial, menentukan intervensi dan modalitas yang akan dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi deskriptif. Ditemukan bahwa wilayah subjek penelitian yang terbanyak adalah di daerah Lombok Timur, dimana konsumsi tembakau 17,86%. Status pernikahan yang terbanyak adalah subjek penelitian dengan status belum menikah, didapatkan konsumsi tembakau 48,21%. Riwayat pengobatan terbanyak adalah subjek penelitian dengan pengobatan teratur didapatkan mengkonsumsi tembakau 46,43%. Sedangkan kategori umur, yang terbanyak adalah subjek penelitian pada usia kurang dari 30 tahun, didapatkan mengkonsumsi tembakau 44,64%. Pendidikan yang terbanyak adalah subjek penelitian yang lulus sarjana, didapatkan konsumsi tembakau 44,64%. Disimpulkan dalam penelitian ini bahwa pasien rawat inap yang mengkonsumsi tembakau terbanyak adalah usia produktif, dimana pengobatannya justru teratur, pendidikannya lulus sarjana, status belum menikah dan terbanyak berasal dari Lombok Timur.
DIAGNOSA DAN PENATALAKSANAAN KARSINOMA NASOFARING
Authors: Ariani Suci , Saputra Rachmat Belgi , Sudiasa I Putu
Published: April 2020

Karsinoma Nasofaring (KNF) merupakan tumor ganas yang timbul pada epithelial pelapis ruangan dibelakang hidung (nasofaring) dengan predileksi yang paling sering adalah di fossa Rossen muller. Insidensi KNF tertinggi di Asia, Afrika Utara dan Timur Tengah. Penderita lebih banyak berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Di Indonesia KNF termasuk 5 besar keganasan bersama kanker serviks, kanker payudara, tumor ganas getah bening dan kanker kulit. Hampir 60% dari tumor di daerah kepala dan leher adalah KNF. Faktor risiko KNF secara umum dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu genetik, lingkungan dan virus Ebstein Barr. Untuk mengaktifkan Virus EBV dibutuhkan faktor pemicu lain untuk menimbulkan proses keganasan (Meka dan Mukhlis, 2017).
PERANAN KARBOHIDRAT DAN PROTEIN PADA FASE PEMULIHAN PASCA-LATIHAN
Authors: Rahadianti Dian
Published: April 2020

Fase berakhirnya latihan atau periode pemulihan pasca-latihan (post exercise recovery) merupakan salah satu bagian dari latihan yang dapat diatur dalam memperbaiki performa latihan endurance melalui strategi nutrisi pasca-latihan untuk pemulihan latihan yang optimal. Gambaran dan diskusi beberapa penelitian dengan fokus pada efek pemberian karbohidrat dan kombinasi karbohidrat-protein setelah latihan pada fase pemulihan dihubungkan dengan tingkat glikogen otot dan onset kelelahan menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi pada performa latihan. Meskipun demikian penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa asupan karbohidrat maupun kombinasi karbohidrat-protein merupakan suatu pedoman yang dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar dalam pengelolaan adaptasi selama latihan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas dan kepatuhan dalam berpartisipasi dalam latihan/olahraga.
PENGARUH JALAN SANTAI TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH SEWAKTU PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS DI PUSKESMAS KARANG TALIWANG MATARAM NUSA TENGGARA BARAT TAHUN 2019
Authors: Fahrunnisa Fahrunnisa , Setiawati Etyretno , Nyoman Cahyadi
Published: April 2020

Latar belakang : Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyebab utama kematian disebagian besar negara maju. Pengelolaan penyakit diabetes mellitus dikenal dengan empat pilar utama yaitu penyuluhan atau edukasi, terapi gizi medis, latihan jasmani dan intervensi farmakologis. Berjalan  kaki merupakan salah satu bentuk  latihan jasmani yang direkomendasikan  untuk  dilakukan  sehari-hari bagi penderita diabetes.Tujuan penelitian : Untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh jalan santai terhadap kadar glukosa darah sewaktu pada penderita diabetes mellitus di Puskesmas Karang Taliwang Mataram Nusa Tenggara Barat Tahun 2019. Metode penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pre-eksperimental. Sedangkan desain atau rancangan penelitian ini adalah one group pretest-posttest. Jumlah sampel sebesar 30 responden yang diambil dengan menggunakan tekhnik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian : Hasil pretest dan posttest data menunjukan bahwa, rerata kadar glukosa darah sewaktu pada penderita diabetes mellitus di Puskesmas Karang Taliwang Mataram Nusa Tenggara Barat Tahun 2019 sebelum jalan santai sebesar 194,17 mg/dL. Sedangkan rerata kadar glukosa darah sewaktu pada penderita diabetes mellitus di Puskesmas Karang Taliwang Mataram Nusa Tenggara Barat Tahun 2019 sesudah jalan santai sebesar 182,7 mg/dL. Hal ini diperkuat oleh hasil uji statistik (uji t) menunjukkan bahwa nilai p= 0.04 artinya p value<0.05, artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara jalan santai terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes mellitus di Puskesmas Karang Taliwang Mataram Nusa Tenggara Barat Tahun 2019.
A pilot feasibility study of a peer-led mindfulness program for medical students
Authors: Danilewitz Marlon , Bradwejn Jacques , Koszycki Diana
Published: April 2020

Background: Mindfulness meditation has gained momentum in medical circles for bolstering wellbeing and other facets of professionalism. This study evaluated the feasibility and benefits of a peer-led mindfulness meditation program (MMP) on medical student wellness and professionalism.Method: Pre-clerkship students were recruited and randomized to the 8-week MMP or wait-list. Feasibility outcomes included ease of recruitment, program attendance and homework compliance. Other outcomes included self-reported psychological distress, empathy, self-compassion, mindfulness, altruism and program satisfaction.Results: The MMP decreased levels of stress and enhanced mindfulness, self-compassion and altruism from baseline to post-study. Changes were not significant for the wait-list condition. Although satisfaction with the MMP was high compliance was suboptimal.Conclusions: A peer-led MMP is feasible and may be a promising approach to enhance medical student wellbeing. Further research is needed to explore strategies to improve program compliance in this student population.