bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging of Weighted Ensemble Technique for Identifying Medical Concepts from Clinical Texts at Word and Phrase Level
Authors: Das Dipankar , Sharma Krishna
Published: August 2021

Concept identification from medical texts becomes important due to digitization. However, it is not always feasible to identify all such medical concepts manually. Thus, in the present attempt, we have applied five machine learning classifiers (Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbours, Logistic Regression, Random Forest and Naïve Bayes) and one deep learning classifier (Long Short Term Memory) to identify medical concepts by training a total of 27.383K sentences. In addition, we have also developed a rule based phrase identification module to help the existing classifiers for identifying multi- word medical concepts. We have employed word2vec technique for feature extraction and PCA and T- SNE for conducting ablation study over various features to select important ones. Finally, we have adopted two different ensemble approaches, stacking and weighted sum to improve the performance of the individual classifier and significant improvements were observed with respect to each of the classifiers. It has been observed that phrase identification module plays an important role when dealing with individual classifier in identifying higher order ngram medical concepts. Finally, the ensemble approach enhances the results over SVM that was showing initial improvement even after the application of phrase based module.
Desenho de cargos dos Policiais Militares que atuam na segurança do Governador do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Gama Andersonglei Moura , Nunes José Orlando Costa
Published: August 2021

Este estudo propõe especificar o cargo de Agente de Segurança do Governador do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, propondo uma classificação adequada às atribuições ou tarefas desempenhadas por esses profissionais e propondo sua modernização. Foi verificado o atual desenho do cargo junto aos PM’s e ao Coordenador de Segurança do Gabinete Civil do Governador do Estado (GAC), analisando diferentes aspectos do cargo e alternativas viáveis para propor um novo desenho desse cargo. A metodologia é de natureza quali-quantitativa junto aos PM’s envolvidos, oficiais e praças, além do levantamento de informações bibliográficas, visando uma nova estruturação do cargo. Os policiais envolvidos na pesquisa exercem, tanto a segurança do Governador do Estado, como também dos seus familiares e da residência oficial. Os resultados evidenciaram a necessidade de redesenho do cargo, para garantir que requisitos mínimos ao seu exercício não sejam descumpridos, haja vista o elevado nível de responsabilidade e complexidade exigidos para o cargo, garantindo a continuidade no acompanhamento e desenvolvimento desses profissionais.
A importância da prática de atividade física para a formação profissional do Policial Militar como fonte de desenvolvimento da QVT: um estudo na unidade especial do Comando de Policiamento Metropolitano (CPM) em Natal/RN
Authors: Silva Francisco das Chagas Lima da , Nunes José Orlando Costa
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a existência da atividade física regular e qualificada dos policiais miliares (PM’s) do Comando de Policiamento Metropolitano (CPM) do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), bem como avaliar a importância desta atividade para uma vida mais saudável através da prática de atividades físicas, contribuindo diretamente na qualidade de vida do militar. A PM possui íntima relação com a educação física, quando o policial, em seu dever constitucional de preservar a ordem pública e executar o policiamento ostensivo, necessita estar com seu condicionamento apurado, caso contrário, problemas de saúde surgirão, causando o afastamento do militar de suas funções. A metodologia da pesquisa foi do tipo exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas e estudo de campo. Os resultados evidenciaram que a falta de atividade física, ou sua prática sem acompanhamento profissional, bem como a falta de uma estrutura adequada para seu desenvolvimento, vem ocasionando problemas de saúde no CPM, tais como: diabetes, pressão alta, problemas de coluna, obesidade, entre outros.
SOCIAL MEDIA IN CRISIS COMMUNICATIONS
Authors: Fisenko Tetiana
Published: August 2021

Today, social media is increasing its influence on the communication environment. The toolkit of online platforms creates new opportunities for the communication strategy of the organization. Interactivity and speed of information dissemination contribute to the transformation of crisis communication models. The possibility of open dialogue in the network between the company and the public allows you to analyze the reaction of the audience to the crisis and choose the most successful crisis response strategy. Social media allows you to establish a long-term relationship with the audience, which is the basis for the successful exit of the organization from the crisis. The use of social media in crisis communications is associated with certain risks. Uncontrollability and constant variability of the socio-media environment are often the causes of crises.
ОЦІНЮВАННЯ СФОРМОВАНОСТІ ОКРЕМИХ СКЛАДОВИХ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ В СФЕРИ ОХОРОНИ І ЗАХИСТУ ПРАВ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ У ВЧИТЕЛІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ ЗАСОБАМИ КВАЛІМЕТРІЇ
Authors: Кравчук Надія
Published: August 2021

У роботі висвітлено процес оцінювання окремих складових компетентності вчителя закладу загальної середньої освіти у сфері охорони і захисту прав інтелектуальної власності засобами кваліметрії. Розглянуто особливості побудови факторно-критеріальних моделей для оцінювання окремих компетентностей педагогічних працівників. Розроблено факторно критеріальні моделі «Оцінка здатності вчителя брати участь в створенні інноваційних освітніх технологій і розробок», «Оцінка здатності забезпечувати високий рівень академічної доброчесності», «Оцінка здатності ідентифікувати об’єкти інтелектуальної власності у власних розробках з метою подальшого оформлення на них охоронних документів» та «Оцінка здатності використовувати основні нормативно-правові акти щодо інтелектуальної власності».
OPTION OF METHODOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL BASES OF DEVELOPMENT, EVALUATION AND FORECAST THE EFFICIENCY OF REAL OBJECTS' AND PROCESSES' MATHEMATICAL MODELS
Authors: Gorodnov Viacheslav
Published: August 2021

One of the variants of the basic concepts of methodology and technology for the development of real objects’ and processes’ mathematical models and the assessment of the expected efficiency of these models, as well as the ratio and interconnection of the methodology concepts and the contradictions of modeling, which are one of the reasons for failures in the development of models, are presented. The technological foundations of the obviously useful models development with a simultaneous forecast of their effectiveness indicators values are systematized: reliability, efficiency, completeness of modeling, the usefulness of the developed model relative to the existing one and in comparison with the ideal model. An expression is given for predicting the time expense on developing a model.
МЕХАНІЗМИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОНАННЯ ІТ-ПРОЕКТІВ
Authors: Псарьов Олександр
Published: August 2021

Стаття присвячена розробленню аналітичної підсистеми для вибору методології управління ІТ-проектом на підставі аналізу даних різних показників та критеріїв відбору, вивченні специфіки ведення проекту та аналізі можливої конвергенції підходів. Запропонована аналітична підсистема підтримки прийняття рішень по вибору методології управління ІТ-проектами надасть змогу менеджерам ІТ-проектів ефективно визначити, оцінити та зважити переваги і недоліки кожної методології та обрати найоптимальнішу для команди, організації та зацікавлених сторін, вдосконалити свої щоденні задачі протягом усього проекту, зменшити час на прийняття рішень та підвищити якість виконання ІТ-проектів.
CASE STUDY OF A CHILD WITH THE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: Karantonis Dimitrios
Published: August 2021

This article aims to observe all the manifestations of the behavior of a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which shows deficits mainly in the communication sector. Also, the child shows repetitive and stereotypical behaviors throughout the lesson (Stasinos, 2016). Initially the paper describes the methodology followed. It then describes the child's cognitive profile and the deficits he presents. He then analyzes the intervention that was applied in order to improve the difficulties he faces and to further strengthen the skills he has already acquired. Finally, the paper presents the main conclusions as they emerged from the intervention.
USING INTUITION AWAKENING FOR TRANSLATORS TO FORM METHODOLOGICAL COMPETENCE
Authors: Rubinska Bronislava
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the notion intuition. We analyzed how it is studied in different spheres of life. The conclusion is that much depends on the approach of a scientist, his aim and positive or negative attitude to the use of intuition. We integrated some of them. We studied it from the point of view of translator’s methodological competence formation based on the revision and updating of the content of education. Translator’s activities such as scientific-research, organizational and managerial activities were in the focus of our attention. We have worked out some recommendations on how to develop intuition that will lead to creative activities of students of Philology. They are connected with the development of auditing skills.
ПРОБЛЕМА МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ УЧНІВ ЯК КЛЮЧОВОЇ
Authors: Артеменко Любов
Published: August 2021

Статтю присвячено проблемі математичної компетентності учнів як ключової. Окреслено математичні методи та засоби, за допомогою яких найбільш практично здійснюється шлях до успішного навчання. Визначено роль математичної компетентності в розвиткові особистості.
PRINCIPLE OF NON-USE OF FORCE OR THREAT OF FORCE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.
Authors: Mukhtarov Farrukh
Published: August 2021

This study explores the pattern of principles of non-use of force or threat of force in international law. This principle is studied from the perspective of international treaties and customary law through the recent state practice. This research underlines the prohibition of the use of force and submits the international mechanism of this principle including peaceful settlements of conflicts. Study provides an estimation of application of this principle.
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF COPD IN PATIENTS WITH GERD
Authors: Liakh Olesia , Tovt- Korshynska Marianna , Koval Valentina
Published: August 2021

The presence of combined pathology is an aggravating factor for the course of COPD. The aim of the research: to assess the impact of GERD on the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. As a result of a retrospective study of 102 patients who were hospitalized for exacerbations of COPD, it was found that the presence of GERD is associated with more frequent exacerbations of the disease, severe bronchial obstruction, which in turn leads to an increase in hospitalizations in this category of patients.
ДОНОРНО-АКЦЕПТОРНАЯ ТЕОРИЯ ГЕТЕРОГЕННОГО КАТАЛИЗА
Authors: Каплуненко Владимир , Косинов Николай
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматриваются новая концепция катализа, в которой катализатору отведена роль носителя действующего фактора катализа. Непосредственными участниками каталитических реакций и действующими факторами гетерогенного катализа являются электроны. Между катализатором и реагентами реализуется донорно-акцепторный механизм взаимодействия, основанный на передаче и прийме электронов без образования химической связи. Приведены законы донорно-акцепторной теории гетерогенного катализа. Наиболее действенным способом повышения эффективности гетерогенного катализа является резонансное управление состоянием окисления катализатора, что позволяет увеличить скорость катализа и преодолеть запрет Сабатье.
DIAGNÓSTICO DIFERENCIAL ENTRE TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA (TEA) E DISTÚRBIO ESPECÍFICO DE LINGUAGEM (DEL)
Authors: Souza Liz Passos Nascimento
Published: August 2021

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista é caracterizado principalmente por prejuízos na comunicação e interação social e padrões restritos e repetitivos de comportamento, atividades e interesses. O Distúrbio Específico de Linguagem apresenta prejuízos na linguagem, o portador deste distúrbio apresenta dificuldade para compreender ou produzir palavras e/ou frases em uma conversa.  Em alguns casos, tentam compensar o prejuízo para usar palavras com gestos e outras expressões corporais. Ambos são transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento, apresentam características linguísticas semelhantes em seus sintomas e diferenciá-los torna-se fundamental para a condução do tratamento adequado para cada um deles, uma vez que sua não identificação pode atrasar o tratamento, acarretando prejuízo pessoal, social e profissional aos portadores. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as diferenças e traçar uma linha de raciocínio para o diagnóstico diferencial de TEA e DEL. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória através de revisão bibliográfica e nota-se que a grande diferença entre eles é a debilidade funcional, onde os portadores de TEA apresentam maior comprometimento, bem como prejuízos nas áreas de cognição e interação social, diferenciando-se dos portadores de DEL.
Cultural Differences in Critical Thinking Style: A Comparison of U. S. and Chinese Undergraduate Agricultural Students
Authors: Lu Peng , Burris Scott , Baker Matt , Meyers Courtney , Cummins Glenn
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to compare critical thinking styles between students studying agriculture in the U.S. and China. A survey of critical thinking styles was administered to two groups of students in U.S. (n = 104) and China (n = 103). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to determine if there were significant differences in critical thinking styles between the two groups. Results indicate that U.S. students tended to prefer an engaging critical thinking style, whereas Chinese students tended to prefer an information seeking critical thinking style. These differences between critical thinking style preferences may be explained by students’ cultural backgrounds. This study can help agricultural educators understand the differences in critical thinking style preferences among culturally-diverse students. Further, it provides empirical evidence to guide agricultural educators seeking to adopt effective pedagogical approaches to cultivate critical thinking among students from diverse cultural backgrounds. This study provides fresh insight into the individualism and collectivism theory by explaining the cross-cultural differences in critical thinking style between U.S. and Chinese agricultural students.
Keywords: agricultural education, critical thinking style, international agricultural student, cross- cultural
Dipole Pattern of Summer Ozone Pollution in the east of China and Its Connection with Climate Variability
Authors: Ma Xiaoqing , Yin Zhicong
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Surface O3 pollution has become one of the most severe air pollution problems in China, which makes it of practical importance to understand O3 variability. A south-north dipole pattern of summer-mean O3 concentration in the east of China (DP-O3), which were centered at North China (NC) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) respectively, has been identified from the simulation of a global 3-D chemical transport model for the period 1980–2019. Large-scale anticyclonic (cyclonic) and cyclonic (anticyclonic) anomalies over NC and the PRD resulted in a sharp contrast of meteorological conditions between the above two regions. The enhanced (restrained) photochemistry and natural emissions of O3 precursors in NC and restrained (enhanced) O3 production in the PRD contributed to the DP-O3. Decreased sea ice anomalies near the Franz Josef Land and associated warm sea surface in May enhanced the Rossby-wave source over northern Europe and West Siberia, which eventually induced an anomalous Eurasia-like pattern to influence the formation of the DP-O3. The thermodynamic signals of the southern Indian Ocean dipole were stored in the subsurface and influenced spatial pattern of O3 pollution in the east of China mainly through the Hadley circulation. The physical mechanisms behind the modulation of the atmospheric circulations and related DP-O3 by these two climate anomalies at different latitudes were evidently verified by large-scale ensemble simulations of the earth system model.
Spatial variability of air pollutants in a megacity characterized by mobile measurements: Chemical homogeneity under haze conditions
Authors: Khuzestani Reza Bashiri , Liao Keren , Chen Qi , Liu Ying , Zheng Yan , Cheng Xi , Jia Tianjiao , Li Xin , Chen Shiyi , Huang Guancong
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Characterization of the spatial distributions of air pollutants on an intracity scale is important for understanding localized sources, secondary formation, and human exposure. In this study, we conducted in situ mobile measurements for the chemical composition of fine particles, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), and common gas pollutants in winter in the megacity of Beijing. The spatial variations of these gaseous and particulate pollutants under different pollution conditions are investigated. During the less-polluted periods, a large spatial variability exists in the inorganic composition of fine particles, suggesting a wide range of particle neutralization in Beijing. Significant spatial variations are also observed in the composition of organic aerosol (OA), which is mainly driven by local emissions of primary OA from vehicle and cooking exhaust. The spatial variations of VOCs and OVOCs vary by species. In general, hydrocarbon compounds show a large spatial variability driven by traffic emissions, while secondary OVOCs are more spatially homogeneous in concentration. Other gas pollutants show relatively low spatial variabilities, although hot spots of concentration frequently appear which are plausibly caused by high-emitting plumes as well as fast on-road ozone titration. During the haze periods, the spatial variabilities of air pollutants are largely reduced because of the contribution of regional transport. Hydrocarbons and less-oxygenated OVOCs show good positive spatial-temporal correlations in concentration. More-oxygenated OVOCs show good positive correlations among themselves and moderate negative correlations with hydrocarbons, less-oxygenated OVOCs, and particulate components. The results highlight the potential role of chemical homogeneity on the SOA production in the megacity under haze conditions. On the other hand, the spatial heterogeneity of air pollution calls a future need of using fine-resolution models to evaluate human exposure and pollution control strategies.
Measurement report: Biogenic volatile organic compound emission profiles of rapeseed leaf litter and its secondary organic aerosol formation potential
Authors: Abis Letizia , Kalalian Carmen , Lunardelli Bastien , Wang Tao , Zhang Liwu , Chen Jianmin , Perrier Sébastien , Loubet Benjamin , Ciuraru Raluca , George Christian
Published: August 2021

Abstract. We analysed the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC)
emissions from rapeseed leaf litter and their potential to create secondary
organic aerosols (SOAs) under three different conditions, i.e., (i) in the
presence of UV light irradiation, (ii) in the presence of ozone, and (iii) with
both ozone and UV light. These experiments were performed in a controlled
atmospheric simulation chamber containing leaf litter samples, where BVOC
and aerosol number concentrations were measured for 6 d. Our results
show that BVOC emission profiles were affected by UV light irradiation which
increased the summed BVOC emissions compared to the experiment with solely
O3. Furthermore, the diversity of emitted VOCs from the rapeseed litter
also increased in the presence of UV light irradiation. SOA formation was
observed when leaf litter was exposed to both UV light and O3,
indicating a potential contribution to particle formation or growth at local
scales. To our knowledge, this study investigates, for the first time, the
effect of UV irradiation and O3 exposure on both VOC emissions and SOA
formation for leaf litter samples. A detailed discussion about the processes
behind the biological production of the most important VOC is proposed.
Estimation of ship emission rates at a major shipping lane by long-path DOAS measurements
Authors: Krause Kai , Wittrock Folkard , Richter Andreas , Schmitt Stefan , Pöhler Denis , Weigelt Andreas , Burrows John P.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Ships are an important source of SO2 and NOx, which are key parameters of air quality. Monitoring of ship emissions is usually carried out using in situ instruments on land, which depend on favourable wind conditions to transport the emitted substances to the measurement site. Remote sensing techniques such as long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) measurements can supplement those measurements, especially in unfavourable meteorological conditions. In this study 1 year of LP-DOAS measurements made across the river Elbe close to Hamburg (Germany) have been evaluated. Peaks (i.e. elevated concentrations) in the NO2 and SO2 time series were assigned to passing ships, and a method to derive emission rates of SO2, NO2 and NOx from those measurements using a Gaussian plume model is presented. A total of 7402 individual ship passages have been monitored, and their respective NOx, SO2 and NO2 emission rates have been derived. The emission rates, coupled with the knowledge of the ship type, ship size and ship speed, have been analysed.
Emission rates are compared to emission factors from previous studies and show good agreement. In contrast to emission factors (in grams per kilogram fuel), the derived emission rates (in grams per second) do not need further knowledge about the fuel consumption of the ship.
To our knowledge this is the first time emission rates of air pollutants from individual ships have been derived from LP-DOAS measurements.
Electromotive force in the solar wind
Authors: Narita Yasuhito
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The concept of electromotive force appears in various electromagnetic
applications in geophysical and astrophysical fluids.
A review of the electromotive force
and its applications to the solar wind are discussed such as
the electromotive force profile during the shock crossings
and the observational tests for the mean-field model
against the solar wind data. The electromotive force
is being recognized as serving as a useful tool
to construct a more complete picture of space plasma turbulence
when combined with the energy spectra and helicity profiles.
SOC stabilization mechanisms and temperature sensitivity in old terraced soils
Authors: Zhao Pengzhi , Fallu Daniel J. , Cucchiaro Sara , Tarolli Paolo , Waddington Clive , Cockcroft David , Snape Lisa , Lang Andreas , Doetterl Sebastian , Brown Antony G. , Van Oost Kristof
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Being the most common and widest spread man-made landform, terrace construction has resulted in an extensive perturbation of the land surface. Our mechanistic understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) (de-) stabilization mechanisms and of the persistence of SOC stored in terraced soils, however, is far from complete. Here we explored the factors controlling SOC stability and temperature sensitivity (Q10) of abandoned prehistoric agricultural terrace soils in NE England, using soil fractionation and temperature sensitive incubation in combination with measurements of terrace soil burial age. Results showed that although buried terrace soils contained 1.7 times more unprotected SOC (i.e., coarse particulate organic carbon) than non-terraced soils at comparable soil depths, a significantly lower potential soil respiration was observed, relative to a control (non-terraced) profile. This suggests that burial of former topsoil due to terracing provided a mechanism for enhanced C stabilization. Furthermore, we observed a shift in SOC fraction composition from particulate organic C towards mineral protected C with increasing burial age. This clear shift to more processed recalcitrant SOC with soil burial age also contributes to SOC stability in terraced soils. Temperature sensitivity incubations revealed that the dominant controls on Q10 depend on the terrace soil burial age. At relatively younger ages of soil burial, the reduction of substrate availability due to SOC mineral protection with ageing attenuates the intrinsic Q10 of SOC decomposition. However, as terrace soil becomes older, SOC stocks in deep buried horizons are characterized by a higher temperature sensitivity, potentially resulting from the poor SOC quality (i.e., soil C : N ratio). In conclusion, terracing in our study site has stabilized SOC as a result of soil burial during terrace construction. The depth-age patterns of Q10 and SOC fraction composition of terraced soils observed in our study site differ from those seen in non-terraced soils and this has implications when assessing the effects of climate warming or terrace abandonment on the terrestrial C cycle.
Multiple Proxy Estimates of pCO2 in the Hauterivian–Barremian of the Laiyang Basin, Eastern China
Authors: Jin Peihong , Zhang Mingzheng , Lei Xiangtong , Du Baoxia , Dong Junling , Sun Bainian
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In recent decades, several proxies have been developed to reconstruct atmospheric paleo-CO2 concentrations (pCO2). The confidence in paleo-CO2 estimates can be increased by comparing results from multiple proxies with multiple species at a single site. Here we present a new pCO2 record for the Hauterivian–Barremian using three methods based on two fossil coniferous species (Cupressinocladus sp. and Brachyphyllum obtusum) collected from Laiyang Basin, eastern China. The pCO2 values were approximately 579–663 ppmv (recent standardization) and 966–1106 ppmv (carboniferous standardization) based on the stomatal ratio (SR)-based method, and about 472–525 ppmv based on the mechanistic model. Both of these two methods were highly coincident with other SR-based and geochemical reconstructions for the early stage of the Early Cretaceous. The pCO2 value estimated using the carbon isotopes model was approximately 472–525 ppmv, which is generally lower than the pCO2 valueestimated using the other methods. The mechanistic model may be widely applied to more fossil taxa than the SR-based method and retains sensitivity at high pCO2. Furthermore, by comparing with other pCO2 records and Weissert event in the Early Cretaceous, the pCO2 values obtained from this study indicate a relatively low atmospheric CO2 concentration during the Hauterivian–Barremian, and reflect the cooling event in the last stage of the Weissert event.
Impact of Spatial Distribution Information of Rainfall in Runoff Simulation Using Deep-Learning Methods
Authors: Wang Yang , Karimi Hassan A.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Rainfall-runoff modelling is of great importance for flood forecast and water management. Hydrological modelling is the traditional and commonly used approach for rainfall-runoff modelling. In recent years, with the development of artificial intelligence technology, deep learning models, such as the long short-term memory (LSTM) model, are increasingly applied to rainfall-runoff modelling. However, current works do not consider the effect of rainfall spatial distribution information on the results, and the same look-back window is applied to all the inputs. Focusing on two catchments from the CAMELS dataset, this study first analyzed and compared the effects of basin mean rainfall and spatially distributed rainfall data on the LSTM models under different look-back windows (7, 15, 30, 180, 365 days). Then the LSTM+1D CNN model was proposed to simulate the situation of short-term look-back windows (3, 10 days) for rainfall combined with the long-term look-back windows (30, 180, 365 days) for other input features. The models were evaluated using the Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, root mean square error, and error of peak discharge. The results demonstrate the great potential of deep learning models for rainfall runoff simulation. Adding the spatial distribution information of rainfall can improve the simulation results of the LSTM models, and this improvement is more evident under the condition of short look-back windows. The results of the proposed LSTM+1D CNN are comparable to those of the LSTM model driven by basin mean rainfall data and slightly worse than those of spatially distributed rainfall data for corresponding look-back windows. The proposed LSTM+1D CNN provides new insights for runoff simulation by combining short-term spatial distributed rainfall data with long-term runoff data, especially for catchments where long-term rainfall records are absent.
Impacts of land use and land cover change and reforestation on summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin
Authors: Li Wei , Li Lu , Chen Jie , Lin Qian , Chen Hua
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Land use and cover have been significantly changed all around the world during the last decade. In particular, the Grain for Green (GG) program has resulted
in significant changes in regional land use and cover, especially in China. Land use and cover change (LULCC) may lead to changes in regional
climate. In this study, we take the Yangtze River basin as a case study and analyze the impacts of LULCC and reforestation on summer rainfall
amounts and extremes based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Firstly, two observed land use and cover scenarios (1990 and 2010) were
chosen to investigate the impacts of LULCC on summer rainfall during the last decade. Secondly, two hypothetical reforestation scenarios (i.e.,
scenarios of 20 % and 50 % cropland changed to forest) were taken based on the control year of 2010 to test the sensitivity of summer
rainfall (amounts and extremes) to reforestation. The results showed that average summer rainfall and extreme summer daily rainfall decreased in the
Yangtze River basin between 1990 and 2010 due to LULCC. Reforestation could increase summer rainfall amount and extremes, and the effects were more
pronounced in populated areas than over the whole basin. Moreover, the effects of reforestation were influenced by the reforestation
proportion. In addition, the summer rainfall increased less conversely, with the transform proportion of cropland to forest increased from 20 %
to 50 %. By analyzing the changes in water vapor mixing ratio, upward moisture flux, and 10 m wind, it is suggested that this result might
be caused by the horizontal transportation processes of moisture. Although a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of LULCC on summer rainfall
amounts and extremes was conducted, further studies are needed to investigate the uncertainty better.
Satellite soil moisture data assimilation for improved operational continental water balance prediction
Authors: Tian Siyuan , Renzullo Luigi J. , Pipunic Robert C. , Lerat Julien , Sharples Wendy , Donnelly Chantal
Published: August 2021

Abstract. A simple and effective two-step data assimilation framework was developed to improve soil moisture representation in an operational large-scale water balance model. The first step is a Kalman-filter-type sequential state updating process that exploits temporal covariance statistics between modelled and satellite-derived soil moisture to produce analysed estimates. The second step is to use analysed surface moisture estimates to impart mass conservation constraints (mass redistribution) on related states and fluxes of the model using tangent linear modelling theory in a post-analysis adjustment after the state updating at each time step. In this study, we assimilate satellite soil moisture retrievals from both Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) missions simultaneously into the Australian Water Resources
Assessment Landscape model (AWRA-L) using the proposed framework and evaluate its impact on the model's accuracy against in situ observations across water balance components. We show that the correlation between simulated surface soil moisture and in situ observation increases from 0.54 (open loop) to 0.77 (data assimilation). Furthermore, indirect verification of root-zone soil moisture using remotely sensed Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time series across cropland areas results in significant improvements from 0.52 to 0.64 in correlation. The improvements gained from data assimilation can persist for more than 1 week in surface soil moisture estimates and 1 month in root-zone soil moisture estimates, thus demonstrating the efficacy of this data assimilation framework.
Evaluation of filtering methods for use on high frequency measurements of landslide displacements
Authors: Sharifi Sohrab , Hendry Michael , Macciotta Renato , Evans Trevor
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Displacement monitoring is a critical control for risks associated with potentially sudden slope failures. Instrument measurements are, however, obscured by the presence of scatter. Data filtering methods aim to reduce the scatter and therefore enhance the performance of early warning systems (EWSs). The effectiveness of EWSs depends on the lag time between the onset of acceleration and its detection by the monitoring system, such that a timely warning is issued for implementation of consequence mitigation strategies. This paper evaluates the performance of three filtering methods (simple moving average, Gaussian-weighted moving average, and Savitzky-Golay), and considers their comparative advantages and disadvantages. The evaluation utilized six levels of randomly generated scatter on synthetic data as well as high-frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) displacement measurements at the Ten-mile landslide in British Columbia, Canada. The simple moving average method exhibited significant disadvantages compared to the Gaussian-weighted moving average and Savitzky-Golay approaches. A framework is presented that can be followed to evaluate the adequacy of different algorithms for minimizing monitoring data scatter.
Site-Specific Muscle Loss in the Abdomen and Anterior Thigh in Elderly Males with Locomotive Syndrome
Authors: Natsume Toshiharu , Ozaki Hayao , Nakagata Takashi , Yoshihara Toshinori , Kitada Tomoharu , Ishihara Yoshihiko , Deng Pengyu , Osawa Takuya , Sawada Shuji , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Machida Shuich , Naito Hisashi
Published: August 2021

Although locomotive syndrome (LS) is a condition of reduced mobility, little information is available regarding the loss of site-specific skeletal muscle mass. The aim of the present study is to examine site-specific muscle loss in elderly males with LS. A total of 100 men ranging in age from 65 to 74 years were divided into two groups (LS and non-LS) using LS risk tests including the stand-up test, two-step test, and the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale Muscle thickness (MTH) at eight sites—anterior and posterior thigh (AT and PT, respectively), anterior and posterior lower leg (AL and PL, respectively), rectus abdominis (RA), anterior and posterior upper arm (AU and PU, respectively), and anterior forearm (AF)—was evaluated using B-mode ultrasound. Furthermore, the 30-s chair stand test (CS-30), 10-m walking time, zig-zag walking time, and sit-up test were assessed as physical functions. There were no significant differences in age and body mass index between the LS and non-LS groups. The percentage of skeletal muscle was lower in the LS group than in the non-LS group. Although there were no differences in the MTH of AU, PU, AF, PT, Al and PL, site-specific muscle loss was observed at RA and AT in the LS group. CS-30, 10-m walking time, zig-zag walking time, and sit-up test in the LS group were all worse than those in the non-LS group. The MTHs of RA and AT were both correlated to those physical functions. In conclusion, the LS group had site-specific muscle loss and worse physical functions. This study suggests that site-specific changes may be associated with age-related physical functions. These results may suggest what the essential characteristics of LS are.
Assessing the Threat of Violent Employees
Authors: Brennan Walter
Published: August 2021

Conflict in the workplace is not a new phenomenon. Almost every worker, anywhere in the world will have encountered a colleague who is unfriendly, unpleasant and even hostile. However, there are occasions when an employee goes beyond those levels and they are aggressive, menacing and dangerous. This paper will explore the very rare incidents of work-related murder as well as the much more common low levels of violence, sexual harassment and workplace bullying. It will discuss the importance of good risk assessment and actions to be taken when such behaviour occurs.
Traumatic Brain Injury: Prognostic Value of Various Coma Scales, CT Scores & Their Comparison Based on Clinical Outcome
Authors: Cheruku Ashrit Reddy , Reddy V Suryanarayan
Published: August 2021

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common, carries a high morbidity and mortality and has no specific treatment. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is considered the gold standard for assessment of unconsciousness in patients with traumatic brain injury against which other scale are compared to overcome the disadvantages of GCS.
Materials & Methods: This is Prospective Observational comparative study was conducted in total 128 who admitted with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Department of General Surgery, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar during the period from November 2016 to November 2018.
Results: A total of 128 (112 males) patients were included in the study. Among SMS, 0 is highly sensitive (72.22%), 2 is highly specific (80.43%). In GCS score < 8 was highly sensitive (97.22%) & GCS score 9 - 12 was highly specific (82.61%). In this study Marshall CT score of 4 - 6 (group II) has mortality 43.55% & CT score 1 - 3 (group I) was 13.64%. Where as in Rotterdam CT score was significant mortality with score 4 - 6 (group II) was 56.25% & CT score of 1 - 3 (group I) was 24.11%. In FOUR score with GCS, on 1 day with FOUR score 13 - 16 (group IV) has 5.56%, day 3, 13 - 16 (group IV) has 3.45%, day 7, 13 - 16 (group IV) has 3.13% & day 21, 13 - 16 (group IV) only 3.45% has mortality rate.
Conclusion: if SMS is high there is more chance of survival, this helps in patients immediate segregation of patients in casualty. Also conclude that FOUR score has a high degree of internal consistency & is an accurate predictor of Mortality and neurologic outcome in TBI patients.

Keywords: Simplified Motor Score, Glasgow Coma Scale, Marshall CT, Rotterdam CT, FOUR scale.
CRITERIA-BASED ASSESSMENT AS THE WAY OF FORMING STUDENTS FUNCTIONAL LITERACY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
Authors: AVDARSOL Sailaugul , RAKHIMZHANOVA Lyazzat B. , BOSTANOV Bektas G. , SAGIMBAEVA Ainur Ye. , KHAKIMOVA Tiyshtik
Published: August 2021

For a long time, the primary approach to assessment was the normative approach when the individual achievements of students were compared with a particular norm (the results of most students). Recently, domestic pedagogical research has been developing a criteria-based approach to assessing academic achievement when students' achievements are compared with the amount of knowledge that needs to be acquired at a particular stage of training. This study aimed to determine the role of criteria-based assessment in the formation of students functional literacy in computer science and to build a criteria-based assessment model in the development of functional literacy beyond to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods of formation of students functional literacy in computer science. The leading research methods were the criteria-based assessment methodology developed by the authors and the method of formative assessment. Some elements of the methodology of forming evaluation were considered. For further development of the methods for the formation of students functional literacy in computer science, a criteria-based assessment model has been built. The introduction of criteria-based assessment will allow to switch to a formative evaluation aimed at developing student competence. The evaluation, consisting of criteria that a student understands, stimulates him and makes the learning process meaningful. Based on practical experiments and the proposed criteria-based assessment, the effectiveness of methods for the formation of students functional literacy in computer science has been proved.
PARATHYROID HORMONE AND BIOCHEMICAL METABOLIC BONE MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH β-THALASSEMIA MAJOR IN MISAN PROVINCE / IRAQ
Authors: AL-ZUHAIRY Noor AL-Huda Salah , AL-ALI Zainab Abdul Jabbar Ridha
Published: August 2021

Beta-thalassemia is a heterogeneous group of hereditary blood disorders characterized by defects in the synthesis of the β- chains of hemoglobin, resulting in variable phenotypes ranging from severe anemia to clinically asymptomatic individuals. This study aims to assess the serum PTH, vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and magnesium levels in β-thalassemia major patients. A total of 50 (30 male and 20 female) patients with β- thalassemia major with ages range 11- 16 years and an equal number of sex-matched healthy adolescents as a control group were included in this study. A total of 52% of patients were lived in an urban area, and there was no significant difference between patients and the control group regarding residency. Male patients showed low statistically significant (P 0.05) mean serum PTH, vitamin D, and calcium levels, but mean serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher (P 0.05) as compared to the male control group. However, female patients had low, but without statistical significant (P>0.05) mean serum PTH level, whereas vitamin D and calcium levels were highly significant (P 0.05) reduced. The phosphorus and ALP levels were highly significantly (P 0.05) increased as compared to female controls. Regarding β- thalassemia major group, the current study showed male patients had non-significant (P 0.05) higher levels of PTH, calcium, phosphorus, and ALP. In contrast, vitamin D level was non-significantly (P 0.05) low in male patients as compared to female patients. Mean serum level of PTH had a negative correlation with phosphorus, but it had a positive association with vitamin D, calcium, ALP, and magnesium. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that β-thalassemia major patients have a markedly deranged biochemical metabolic bone profile. Regular monitoring of PTH and biochemical mineral profile is also recommended.
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION FOR YUKAWA POTENTIAL WITH VARIABLE MASS IN TOROIDAL COORDINATE USING SUPERSYMMETRIC QUANTUM MECHANICS
Authors: FANIANDARI Suci , SUPARMI A. , CARI C.
Published: August 2021

Schrodinger equation on a toroidal coordinate was proposed in theoretical physics to get the information and the behavior of the system of particle. It was solved just recently in case of a charged scalar particle interacting with a uniform magnetic field, a uniform electric field, and a neutral charge constrained to the surface. The methodology used in the referred work was to solve the Schrodinger equation using an approach outlined in the Whittaker-Watson treatise, which deals with an infinite-dimensional eigenvalue problem and specific particular values of the applied field for eigenfunction problem. In contrast, in the quantum mechanical problem, one had an infinite-dimensional generalized eigenvalue problem. This study aimed to obtain the non-relativistic energy eigenvalue and the radial wave function of the Schrodinger equation under the influence of Yukawa potential. The Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics (SUSY QM) method was used as a basis to tackle the primary objective of this paper to study the problem of a particle with variable mass in toroidal coordinate. The proper super potential was used to deal with the hyperbolic form of effective potential, and the energy spectra were calculated for different quantum numbers, potential depth, and potential parameters. The radial wave function equation for ground and excited state were obtained. The results showed that the increasing value of the quantum numbers caused the energy spectra of the system to increase to the highest value when the quantum number was equal to the potential parameter, which means the most effective energy value was produced, then it was decreased afterward. While the energy value did not depend on the change of the potential parameter. This property could be used to produce this equation as an application of the previous results, the Schrödinger eigenfunction was used as the starting points to solve the other equation in the same geometrical setting and potential.
USING PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS TO DEAL HOAX INFORMATION IN CHEMISTRY
Authors: FADIAWATI Noor , DIAWATI Chansyanah , SYAMSURI M. Mahfudz Fauzi
Published: August 2021

Critical thinking is the ability to think rationally and reflectively about what must be done or believed. This skill allows one to make logical decisions based on information obtained and processed according to ability. The development of critical thinking skills in learning is essential because they enable students to deal effectively with social, scientific, and practical problems. Therefore, this research aimed to describe the effectivity of problem-based learning to improve students’ critical thinking skills to deal with hoax information in chemistry. This research was carried out through the control and experimental groups. Data were collected from 60 the 11th-grade students of the State High School in Lampung Province, Indonesia, and analyzed by using SPSS version 23.0. The effectivity of problem-based learning was measured based on the n-gain. The n-gain value of experimental and control classes was 0.709 (high) and 0.322 (medium), respectively. The results indicated that problem-based learning has facilitated and effective to improve students’ critical thinking skills.
FACIES ANALYSIS AND STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCE ARCHITECTURE IN A BACK-ARC BASIN IN CENTRAL IRAN: A CASE STUDY FROM THE EARLY MIOCENE OF THE QOM FORMATION
Authors: HASSANZADEH Sara , ADABI Mohammad Hossein , KOHANSAL GHADIMVAND Nader , JALALI Mahmood , ARIAN Mohammad Ali
Published: August 2021

Marine deposits of the Qom Formation, which is an important gas reservoir in Central Iran with the age of Early Oligocene to Early Miocene, is studied to determine facies, sedimentary paleoenvironment, and depositional sequences. The primary lithology is limestone, which is accompanied by a conglomerate, sandy marl, marl, and sandy limestone. Based on siliciclastic content, textural analysis, and the biotic constituents, ten facies have been identified. These facies belong to five depositional settings, including delta, a tidal inlet, lagoon, shoal, and open marine. According to the absence of continuous and large barrier reefs, gradual vertical variation in facies from the transitional environment (delta) to shallow open marine, the absence of oncoid, pisoid and aggregate grains that are mostly present in rimmed carbonate shelf environments, the absence of calciturbidites and slump and slide structures, the Qom Formation has been deposited in a homoclinal ramp setting (inner, middle and outer ramp). Field studies and vertical facies variation architecture in the framework of depositional system tracts led to the recognition of two 3rd order depositional sequences in the Early Miocene (Aquitanian) time. Sedimentary facies in the Qom Formation that mainly occurred in the middle ramp setting reveal a mostly aggredational stacking pattern in depositional sequences. The Early Miocene sequences stratigraphic architecture of the Qom Formation based on correlation charts are similar to the regional sequences of the Arabian plate and Zagros basin.