bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Government of Afghanistan Republic from Revolution to Collapse: A Realist Perspective on Political Dominance
Authors: Akhtar Imranullah , Niazi Nazifullah
Published: November 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the collapse of the Republic of Afghanistan’s government, and to identify the main factors contributing to its collapse. By analyzing a variety of political and historical factors, the research seeks to find the underlying causes of the collapse of the government.

Methods: This research used a qualitative research design, including document and articles analysis. The sources of data included books, academic articles, and reports. The data was analyzed using a realist framework to identify the underlying causes of the collapse of the Government of the Republic of Afghanistan.

Result: The collapse of the Government of the Republic of Afghanistan between 1973 and 2021 was mainly due to the lack of inclusive and stable administrations representing national interests; external interference, media propagandas, internal conflicts and economic instability have contributed to the collapse. Lessons learned include the need for political engagement, regional collaboration, economic development and international support to prevent future collapses and promote a sustainable and inclusive model of government in Afghanistan.

Conclusion: This study offers recommendations for future governance in Afghanistan, taking into account the complex situation.

Recommendation: In order to ensure Afghanistan's future stability and prosperity, it is essential that inclusion, representation and political stability are given priority. This includes actively involving marginalized groups and communities in the decision-making process and supporting an inclusive political environment.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Sekolah Dasar di UPT SDN.060835 Medan Barat
Authors: Sapira Matondang Weni , Pirandy Gusti , Nurbaiti Nurbaiti
Published: November 2023

Kampus mengajar adalah satu program dari Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) yang dibuat oleh Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. Program ini bertujuan untuk membantu proses pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar (SD) sehingga mampu mengadakan proses belajar mengajar yang efektif. Melalui program kampus mengajar,mahasiswa memiliki tanggung jawab dalam membantu kegiatan belajar mengajar, membantu administrasi sekolah yang menjadi tempat penugasan. Kampus mengajar mitra USU dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan bagi mahasiswa, menambah pengalaman serta untuk menerapkan apa yang telah dipelajari sebelumnya. Penulis ditempatkan di SD Negeri 060835 jl. Sei deli no.3 kelurahan Silalas Kec. Medan barat. Pada pelaksanaan program ini penulis memfokuskan pada belajar membaca karena banyak murid yang di kelas atas yang masih belum bisa membaca. Dalam program ini metode yang digunakan adalah metode pekerjaan sosial yaitu group work. Hal ini dilakukan karna penulis berasal dari jurusan Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Melalui Kegiatan Mewarnai Pada Anak UPT SD Negeri 060841, Medan Petisah
Authors: Kritine Buulolo Puput , Atika Tuti
Published: November 2023

Kampus Mengajar merupakan kanal pembelajaran yang memberikan kesempatan kepada mahasiswa untuk belajar di luar kampus selama satu semester guna melatih kemampuan menyelesaikan permasalahan yang kompleks dengan menjadi mitra guru untuk berinovasi dalam pembelajaran, pengembangan strategi, dan model pembelajaran yang kreatif, inovatif, dan menyenangkan. Program ini dibentuk oleh Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia yang bertujuan agar memperbaiki sistem pendidikan yang ada di Indonesia.Perbaikan sistem pendidikan juga dimulai dari sekolah dasar sampai sekolah menengah pertama. Program yang akan dilaksanakan di UPT SDN 060841 adalah kegiatan meningkatkan kemampuan motoric halus melalui kegiatan mewarnai. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas serta untuk mengembangkan keterampilan gerak kedua tangan, Sebagai alat untuk mengembangkan koordinasi kecepatan tangan dengan gerakan mata. Sebagai alat untuk melatih penguasaan emosi. Konsep dasar kegiatan ini yaitu mewarnai seperti makhluk hidup,lingkungan dll. Anak juga dapat Mengekspresikan perasaan  dan melatih anak untuk belajar berkonsentrasi dan imajinasi. Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Melalui Kegiatan Mewarnai. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas serta untuk mengembangkan keterampilan gerak kedua tangan, Sebagai alat untuk mengembangkan koordinasi kecepatan tangan dengan gerakan mata. Sebagai alat untuk melatih penguasaan emosi. Konsep dasar kegiatan ini yaitu mewarnai seperti makhluk hidup,lingkungan dll. Anak juga dapat Mengekspresikan perasaan  dan melatih anak untuk belajar berkonsentrasi dan imajinasi.
Meningkatkan Minat dan Kemampuan Membaca Siswa Pada Kelas 1 dan 2 UPT SDN.060837 Medan Barat
Authors: Azizah Riska , Putra Kasea Sinaga Randa , Masnita Masnita
Published: November 2023

Kampus Mengajar merupakan kanal pembelajaran yang memberikan kesempatan kepada mahasiswa untuk belajar di luar kampus selama satu semester guna melatih kemampuan menyelesaikan permasalahan yang kompleks dengan menjadi mitra guru untuk berinovasi dalam pembelajaran, pengembangan strategi, dan model pembelajaran yang kreatif, inovatif, dan menyenangkan. Melalui program ini maka mahasiswa akan lebih aktif dilapangan dan mengasah kreativitas untuk keberlangsungan dan peningkatan kualitas pendidikan. Untuk itu pada jurnal ini akan dijelaskan bagaimana program kampus mengajar ini dilakukan. Penempatan dalam program kampus mengajar tentunya beragam. Untuk jurnal ini akan dijelaskan program kampus mengajar Mitra USU yang dilakukan di UPT SD 060837 yang beralamat di Jalan Sei Deli nomor 3 Kelurahan Silalas Kecamatan Medan Barat. Pada SD ini fokus program ditujukan pada literasi yaitu belajar membaca kepada anak kelas 1 dan 2 di SD tersebut. Program Kampus Mengajar Mitra USU ini berlangsung selama 4 bulan yakni mulai dari bulan Maret sampai dengan bulan Juni 2023. Dengan pendekatan menggunakan metode dalam pekerjaan sosial yaitu case work dan group work dalam menjalankan programnya.
Diversifikasi Pengolahan Ikan Patin ( Pangasius pangasius) Menjadi Nugget Dengan Konsep Zero Waste Sebagai Upaya Pemenuhan Gizi Anak
Authors: Sasri Untari Desy , Adi Wibowo Tri , Anwar Rohmatul , Liana Febriyanti Titin
Published: November 2023

Food is one of the sources of nutrition that greatly affects the growth of children. One of the food sources that contain food that contains nutrients in the form of protein and other minerals, namely fish, in this PkM uses one of the freshwater fish, namely Catfish (Pangasius pangasius) which has a fairly high protein content and contains all essential amino acids which contain higher lysine and arginine compared to milk protein and meat.   In pkm activities carried out using the concept of Zero Waste, namely the use of the main raw material, namely catfish, with the use of all parts of the fish including bones to minimize waste in making nuggets. The purpose of this PkM is to provide knowledge and insight. PkM activities use socialization and question and answer methods by participants and speakers. The results of the socialization that has been carried out can add insight and knowledge to participants in an effort to fulfill child nutrition through diversification of the processing of catfish into nuggets with the concept of Zero Waste.
Pelatihan Budidaya Sayuran secara Hidroponik dengan Metode Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Di Sukaharja Ketapang
Authors: Sopiana Sopiana , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Rosmalinda Rosmalinda , Ratnawati Hermanto Sarwendah , Fitry Ramanda Rika , Susanto Anto , Kurniawan Tardi , Santoso Mulyohadi , Nurhanudin Nurhanudin , Molyadi Molyadi , Wijaya Kasrianto , Roy Lesmana Awang , Sartono Dedy , Setiawan Beny
Published: November 2023

Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Sukaharja dan bekerjasama dengan mitra kelompok Pos Pemberdayaan Keluarga Permata Dalong 1 yang memiliki permasalahan mengenai pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan. Kegiatan PKM bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mitra tentang intensifikasi pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan yang dapat dijadikan lahan sayur hidroponik, meningkatkan hasil dan kualitas sayuran yang dibudidayakan dan meningkatkan pengetahuan serta skill mitra tentang cara berbudidaya tanaman secara hidroponik. Metode yang digunakan berupa obsevasi permasalahan, sosialisasi dan partisipasi yaitu tim PKM bersama mitra terlibat secara langsung. Solusi yang diberikan adalah 1) pengetahuan tentang cara menerapkan SOP budidaya sayuran secara hidroponik dengan metode Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) yang baik dan tepat, 2) penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada mitra dalam membangun instalasi hidroponik dengan metode Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), teknik pembibitan, penanaman, pemeliharaan, panen, pengemasan dan pemasaran. Hasil kegiatan PKM yaitu meningkatnya pengetahuan mitra tentang teknik budidaya sayuran secara hidroponik dengan metode Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) mulai  perakitan instalasi hidroponik NFT, pembibitan, pemberian nutrisi, penanaman, panen, pengemasan dan pemasaran. Mitra secara kontinyu mengusahakan sayuran hidroponik dan sudah melakukan pemasaran sayuran hidoponik di pasar-pasar tradisonal di Kabupaten Ketapang secara berkelompok.
Legalitas Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Prespektif Teori Negara Hukum Di Indonesia
Authors: Fitrianingsih Siti Erlania
Published: November 2023

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia mengamanatkan bahwa Indonesia merupakan negara yang berdasarkan hukum (rechtsstaat) dan bukan berdasar atas kekuasaan  (machtstaat). Saat ini Indonesia menjadi negara hukum yang menganut dual system economic yaitu menganut sistem ekonomi konvensional dan syariah maka diperlukan elemen utama yang menjadi penyangga kekuatan perkembangan hukum ekonomi syariah di Indonesia. Yaitu diperlukannya peraturan hukum yang valid dan komprehensif (legal substance). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deduktif deskriptif menelaah dari literatur kepustakaan, dengan tujuan sebagai pembelajaran mengetahui konsep teori negara. Melalui artikel ini ditemukan bagaimana kedudukan hukum ekonomi syaraih menurut persfektif teori negara hukum yang dianut oleh Indonesia.
Perspektif Etika Bisnis Islam atas Praktek Jual Beli Baju (study kasus pada pedagang di wisata religi sunan drajat paciran lamongan)
Authors: Shofiyah  , Kholiq Abd. , Qomariyah St. Nur
Published: November 2023

: Buying and selling activities are one of the needs of the community as a means to meet the needs of daily life. Religious tourism is one type of tourism that is closely related to special activites or places related to religious aspects of relifion. In addition, on the tour there are also merchants who sell various kinds ofsouvenirs. Along with the times, which are marked by very rapid economicdevelopment, it creates competition. With this competition, business people use many ways to gain profits, even to the point of ignoring ethics in business. As there are still many who used deviations in sales many who use deviations in salescontained in the tour.

The purpose of this study was to find out: (1) Buying and selling practies carried out by traders in religious tourism Sunan Drajat Paciran Lamongan, (2) Islamic business ethics perspective on the practice of buying and selling clothes to traders in religious tourism Sunan Drajat Paciran Lamongan.

This research uses descriptive qualitative method with case study type. To collect data is done by interview, observation, and documentation. To prove the validaty of the data using triangulation. Sources and data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification.

The results of the study show that: (1) The practive of buying and selling clothes carried out by traders in Sunan Drajat religious tourism is carried out directly, namely by offering to visitors passing by, (2) Traders in general have carried out in accordance with the principles of Islamic business ethics, including the principles of monotheism, honesty, free will, looseness and generosity, applying transparent prices.

Keyword: Business ethics, Islamic, Selling.
The Importance of Sight Word Recognition to Improve Reading Fluency
Authors: Dini Amalia
Published: November 2023

Reading is one of crucial skills for mastering English proficiency. It does not only involve the ability to pronounce correctly, but also to understand the text as a whole. It does not only have tremendous power when it comes to fuelling the development of all aspects of language ability, its importance to the entirety of a human life cannot really be overstated nowadays. The fact that English is full of silent letters and unexpected sounds provoke the learners to simply memorize the spelling of a word in order to recognize its written form in the future. The inconsistency between letters and phonemes, more than one way to spell the same sound, are the basic problems for the learners, especially beginners. Dealing with the matter of inconsistency, the technique and strategy to learn English is gradually upgraded. This study applies descriptive analysis method to reveal the sight word recognition strategy focusing on upgrading the competency in mastering vocabularies and reading. The findings show that by activating the recognition of sight word and associating phoneme (sounds) and grapheme (letters), learners tend to be more easily figure out the words and understand the text. By having sight words vocabularies through orthographic mapping, the process of understanding reading text becomes easier. Learners know the words more quickly since sight word recognition improves reading fluency and efficiency. In its process, as learners see the word, they automatically activate the recognition of its meaning and pronunciation at the same time.
Peningkatan Pemahaman Guru Terhadap Pengelolaan Kelas Melalui Workshop Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Suroso  , Samsul Arifin
Published: November 2023

Salah satu program KKN PAR tahun 2023 ini yaitu mengadakan workshop implmentasi kurikulum merdeka. Penyelenggaraan workshop ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya yaitu minimnya pemahaman guru terkait implementasi kurikulum merdeka. Sementara itu, dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Participatory Action Research dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara dan facus group discussion kepada para guru di MI Miftahul Ulum Bulangan. Program workshop ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman guru  dalam Pengelolaan kelas agar lebih kreatif dan inovatif serta kedepannya bisa menjadi lebih baik dari segi metode atau cara pengajarannya dan juga bisa mempraktekkan kurikulum merdeka dengan baik dan benar
Peningkatan Keterampilan Masyarakat Dalam Memasarkan Produk Kerajinan UMKM
Authors: Avif Alfiyah  , Siti Fahimah
Published: November 2023

UMKM yang digalakkkan oleh pemerintah memaksa desa untuk lebih kreatif memunculkan hasil termasuk dalam hal ketrampilan, Bantu Rejo adalah desa yang mempunyai produk unggulan yang sudah dikelola lama oleh ibu-ibu PKK berupa pembuatan tas dari bahan bekas dan juga rajut, tetapi yang menjadi kendala adalah pengelolaan dalam pemasaran, mereka belum menemukan cara jitu untuk bisa memasarkan produk tersebut, sehingga perlu adanya pendapingan pada masayarakat tersebut. Pendampingan yang sudah terlaksana selama satu bulan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, ketrampilan dan kreatifitas ibu-ibu untuk bisa bersaing dipasaran, hasil yang didapatkan dari pendampingan ini adalah ibu-ibu sebagai pemain dalam UMKM mulai terpacu dan semangat memasarkan dan juga memprbagus produk mereka, karena tujuan utama dari pendampingan ini adalah: (1) Membentuk/mengembangkan sekelompok masyarakat yang mandiri secara ekonomis, (2) Meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pemasaran, (3) Meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan manajerial produksi, (4) Meningkatkan pendapatan unit usaha perajin. Adapun untuk pemasaran pertama yang bisa mereka lakukan adalah dengan mengikuti bazar dan memasang lewat medsos
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Flip HTML 5 pada Mata Pelajaran Teknik Pemesinan Bubut di SMK Negeri 1 Padang
Authors: Pramudya Aldhi , Ambiyar Ambiyar , Nurdin Hendri , Rahim Bulkia
Published: November 2023

Flip HTML 5-based e-modules are a form of presenting material using smartphone and internet technology that can be used as an independent learning resource with a practical and easy-to-operate display. This study aims to analyze the development of learning media based on flip html 5 in lathe machining technique subjects at SMK Negeri 1 Padang. This type of research is development research or also known as R&D (Research and Development). This research uses the ADDIE development procedure. The data collection technique used a questionnaire to obtain information about the quality of the E-Module product developed in the form of a validation sheet. The instrument used by researchers in this development research is a validation guideline. From the results of the validation and practicality questionnaire, it can be concluded that the product based on Project Based Learning in the subject of Lathe Machining class XI Vocational High School is very feasible to use.
Kesulitan Belajar Akademik dalam Proses Pembelajaran
Authors: Habsy Bakhrudin All , Soviana Amelia Fauziyyah , Putri Abrillianty Tivany Surya , Hati Adinda Mutiara
Published: November 2023

Learning difficulties are an important problem in the world of education that requires deep understanding. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of understanding and identifying learning difficulties. Learning difficulties refer to the difficulties a person experiences in understanding and processing information taught in a formal educational environment. This article presents various aspects related to this phenomenon, including its causative factors, identifying marks, and their impact on the development of each individual. The causes of learning difficulties include internal factors and external factors. Some signs that can be used to identify learning difficulties include difficulty reading, writing, arithmetic. It is important for educators, parents, and health professionals to recognize these signs early so that appropriate interventions can be provided. This article also discusses the impact of learning difficulties, namely inhibition of children's growth and development, disruption of children's interaction and environment. In addition, various identification and intervention strategies that can help those with learning difficulties are presented, such as psychological assessments, special education support, and adaptive learning approaches. This article provides a solid foundation to encourage greater understanding and interest in these educational issues.
Konsep Inteligensi dan Peranan dalam Proses Pembelajaran di Sekolah
Authors: Habsy Bakhrudin All , Pratama Gadis Putri Amelia , Hakiki Intan Ainul , Nabella Kharisma Putri
Published: November 2023

The aim of this research is to describe the participants' main ideas about intelligence and explain what roles influence the learning process for students. In this research, researchers used qualitative methods that are literary in nature. The results of this research state that intelligence is very influential in the students' learning process because it can be seen that students who have high intelligence can more easily participate in learning activities quickly and well compared to students who have low intelligence. Suggestions from this research enrich the study of intelligence and its role in the learning process.
Diagnóstico de sexualidad en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Hernández Santos Narda Lorena , Cruz Ruiz Mireya , Huerta Chúa Araceli , Guzmán Jessica Badillo
Published: November 2023

La sexualidad está presente en cada etapa de la vida y todos los seres humanos tienen derecho a recibir educación sexual, sin importar la condición física o mental; sin embargo, los estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual tienen acceso limitado a esta información debido al miedo de sus padres por despertar su curiosidad y que no puedan comprender sobre los aspectos relacionados a este asunto. Por consiguiente, el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los conocimientos y actitudes que tienen los estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual respecto a la sexualidad. El diagnóstico se realizó durante la pandemia por COVID-19; se aplicaron los instrumentos sobre condiciones de estudio, estilos de aprendizaje y de sexualidad a estudiantes del Centro de Entrenamiento y Educación Especial de Poza Rica, Veracruz, de la Universidad Veracruzana (CEEEPoR UV). Los resultados se analizaron de manera cualitativa y cuantitativa, mostrando su manera de aprender, el tipo de condiciones de estudio, la poca información, nerviosismo e inseguridad que manifiestan sobre su sexualidad. En conclusión, para lograr su aprendizaje en materia de sexualidad, es necesario replantear las estrategias de intervención acorde a sus características y hacer valer sus derechos.
Biodiesel production from parinari curatellifolia seeds oil using basic heterogeneous catalyst derived from tamarindus indica fruit shells
Authors:   , Nabora Christian
Published: November 2023

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to mineral diesel. It is produced from abundant and easily available renewable resources of animal fats and vegetable oil. However, the cost of oil feedstock is the major obstacle towards production and commercialization of biodiesel. In this study, an economical and environmental friendly heterogeneous catalyst derived from Tamarindus indica fruit shells (TIFSs) was prepared by calcination method, and it was used in transesterification of Parinari curatellifolia seeds oil (PCSO) to produce biodiesel. The seeds were characterized by having high oil content 36.2%, which makes the feedstock a reasonable candidate for biodiesl production. The catalyst was prepared by calcination of TIFSs at 800 °C in muffle furnace for 3 hours to obtain Tamarindus indica fruit shells ash (TIFSA), a heterogeneous catalyst. Various techniques were used to analyze physicochemical properties of TIFSA. The catalyst exhibits high basic strength (pH>9.7), with the mesoporous structure of pore diameter d = 3.2 nm, high specific area 378.2 m2/g, pore volume of 0.203 cm3/g and CaO crystals as a major active phase of the catalyst. The calcinated catalyst TIFSA was tested in the production of biodiesel through transesterification process using PCSO to obtain Parinari curatellifolia methyl ester (PCUME). During production, the best operating parameters were 5% wt. catalyst loading, 2 hours reaction time and 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio with the maximum yield of 96.2%. In addition, the catalyst was easily separated and reused again four more times with biodiesel yield above 74%. Furthermore, the produced biodiesel was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and composed mainly of unsaturated acids 63.6% and saturated acid 36.39%. Also, fuel properties of produced PCUME were investigated as per ASTM methods and compared to ASTM D6751 standard limits and mineral diesel. Most of the determined fuel properties were observed to be in good agreement with the global standards. Therefore, Parinari curatellifolia seeds oil and Tamarindus indica fruit shell are ideal feedstock for low-cost biodiesel and catalyst production respectively.
CHANGE OF COLLAGEN IN NORMAL SKIN AND HEALING OF SURGICAL WOUND AFTER INTRADERMAL INJECTION OF BOTULINUM TOXIN A IN PORCINE
Authors:   , Darapong Panadda
Published: November 2023

This study was designed to study the effect BTX-A in the normal skin and healing process of full thickness wound after BTX-A intradermal injection in the pig model. In the 1st experiment, both sides of the dorsal region of pig were randomly injected with BTX-A as the treatment group and normal saline as the control group. In the 2nd experiment, round full-thickness wounds were performed at the skin on both sides of the dorsal region of pig and injected with BTX-A around the wound as the treatment group or normal saline as the control group. From the 1St experiment, the skins of both control and BTX-A groups showed inflammation and hemorrhage at the injection site. Severity of the lesions was decreased gradually until 72 hours post injection. For the histological evaluation, there was no difference of the amount of increased inflammatory cells, mainly macrophages and lymphocytes between the BTX-A and control groups. However, 21 days at post injection, in the BTX-A group of the increased inflammatory cells was significantly more than the control group. The increased of blood vessel in the BTX-A group was significantly more than the control group at day 3 and tended to be great at days 7, 14 and 21. For the mason trichrome staining, there was no significant difference of the intensity of positive blue color and arrangement of collagen between the control and BTX-A groups. Immunohistochemically, the number of Ki67 positive nuclei of fibroblasts of the BTX-A group was significantly more than the control group and the BTX-A groups on the 3rd day post-injection day but in reverse on the 21st post-injection days. The color intensity of collagen type I of the BTX-A group was greater than the control group on the 7th post-injection days. In the 2nd experiment, wound of the BTX-A and control groups had no significant difference of wound size at all time points. For the histological evaluation, the BTX-A groups had significantly less infiltration of inflammatory cells than the control group on the 3th and 14th post-operative day. The increased number of blood vessels of the control group was more than the BTX-A group on the 3rd post-operative day. For the mason trichrome staining, the intensity of positive blue color of collagen in the BTX-A group was significantly greater than the control group on the 21st post-operative days. The BTX-A group had more order arrangement of the collagen than the control group on the 14th and 21st post-operative days. In conclusion, the intradermal injection of the BTX-A is not harmful to the skin in pig model. Injection of BTX-A is advantageous in the early stages after injection. It could reduce inflammation and increases blood vessels, fibroblast proliferation and collagen type I synthesis. Moreover BTX-A could promote wound healing process by reducing inflammatory cells, increasing vessel proliferation and collagen, and inducing order arrangement of the collagen in the wound and adjacent area.
Taxonomy of terrestrial pulmonate snails in Laos
Authors:   , Inkhavilay Khamla
Published: November 2023

Taxonomy of Laos’ s terrestrial pulmonate snails has been carried out from 2013 to 2014 As from the previous records, 76 recognized species have been reported and published. There are 315 localities from 16 provinces dividing from three main geographic areas: the north montane forest, the central limestone karsts and the south deciduous forest. All those three areas have been intensively surveyed in the present study. All specimens were photographed prior to preserve in 70% ethanol. Shell morphology, soft parts anatomy especially the reproductive organs were used for identification. One hundred and twelve species that belong to 50 genera from 17 families were identified and updated. These included with the 76 previous recorded species, three new recorded families with ten genera were classified and incorporated in the total faunal record. Thirty six species were reported in Laos for the first time. Ten newly described species from four families (Camaenidae, Diapheridae, Streptaxidae, and Vertiginidae) were published. There are four snail types as classified from habitat and some distinct behaviour: 1) Ground dwellers 2) Tree dwellers 3) Carnivores and 4) Microsnails. The ground dweller Ariophantidae is quite dominant family which occurs in three regions. Cryptozona siamensis and Hemiplecta distincta are the best representatives. The microsnails family Vertiginidae are unique living on limestone habitats, were found mainly in the north and central of Laos. The fourteen species of tree snails Amphidromus were found also in three regions but slightly different in species composition. The two newly described, Amphidromus (Amphidromus) syndromoideus and A. (syndromus) xiengkhaungensis are from the north and central areas. The unique carnivorous Streptaxidae and Diapheridae perform high endemism. The total 10 species and the four newly described species, Perrottetia unidentata, P. megadentata, Indoartemon diodonta and Sinoennea euryomphala were collected mainly from limestone habitats of the north and the central areas. The total 112 species were very low compared to the large areas and the records from the nearby countries. The more critical surveys especially in rainy season might answer this question.

The phylogenetic relationship using cladistics analysis of 29 morphological characters in 8 species of 5 genera of the Ariophantidae performs the great congruence with morphological identification and exhibited monophyletic relationship. The genera Macrochlamys and Sarika showed a very close relationship by 69% bootstrap support. As from the analysis, the genus Sarika seemed to belong to the subfamily Macrochlamydinae.
Genetic diversity of long-tailed macaque macaca fascicularis and rhesus macaque M. mulatta: mainly focus on their hybridization range
Authors:   , Bunlungsup Srichan
Published: November 2023

Macaca fascicularis fascicularis (Mff) are one of the most popularly used non-human primate models in biomedical research and thus their genetic characteristics are a focal point of interest. However, Mff live parapatrically with M. mulatta (Mm) at 15-20° N and with M. fascicularis aurea (Mfa) at 8-12° N in Thailand and became hybridized. Using mtDNA, Y-chromosome and SNPs genetic markers, this study aims to determine the hybridization at interspecific (Mff x Mm) and intersubspecific (Mff x Mfa) levels of the Mff originated from Thailand and vicinity. Based on the mtDNA and Y-chromosome phylogenies, it indicated that hybridization between Mm and Mff was driven uni-directionally by the introgression of Mm males into Mff populations. The Mm gene flow directed southward and was restricted south of the Isthmus of Kra between SSD (Chumphon) and WSK (Phang-nga). In contrast, SNP genotyping revealed a bi-directional hybridization where genetic introgression was either from Mm into Mff or vice versa, however the gene flow from Mm into Mff was far greater (~10° latitude of distant) than from Mff into Mm (~4° latitude). This caused the Mm gene flow far beyond the Isthmus of Kra which proposed to terminate somewhere between the KN/KTK (Songkla) and Singapore/Sarawak. The migration scenario of Mff across land bridge during the glacial and interglacial cycles was also proposed based on the mtDNA phylogeny as well as changes of zoogeographical barriers. Based on the mtDNA and Y-chromosome phylogenies, the Mff x Mfa hybrids were subdivided into two groups; Indochinese (SRY, KRI, WKC, and BMS) and Sundaic (SRI) hybrids. Two hybridization scenarios were proposed. One is that Mfa males migrated from mainland Myanmar southward along Mergui archipelago toward the Andaman sea coast, introgressed into Mff populations and formed the Sundaic Mff x Mfa hybrids. Another is that some Mfa males migrated northeastward across the low altitude area of the Dawna range to the Thai Gulf, while they were along Mergui Archipelago, introgressed into Mff populations and formed the Indochinese Mff x Mfa hybrid. Since Mfa clade was separated from the Mff-Mm clade in mtDNA phylogenetic tree and it is the only one of 22 macaque species performing stone tool using behavior, the taxonomic status of this subspecies is now being questioned. In conclusion, this study unravels a complexity in Mff genomes based on their evolutionary history and hybridizations either with Mm or Mfa. Thus, the selection and use of Mff for biomedical research should consider not only species or subspecies identification, but also their origins.
The Effect of Solvents to Extract Phenol and Phenol Related Compounds Contents and SomeBiological Screening of Salvia officinalis
Authors: Mona A M Abdelmageed Mona A M Abdelmageed
Published: November 2023

Saliva officinalis (Lamiaceae) herbal plant collected from Khartoum local market. This study hasthree aims, to assess the efficacy of three aqueous organic solvents to extract the phenol and phenolderivative metabolites using the maceration method, to assess the antifungal and anticancer ofSaliva officinalis aqueous extracts using Yeast – Based bioassay against three mutant yeast strainsSaccharomyces cerevisiae, and to assess the antioxidant activity of Saliva officinalis extracts usingtwo methods: DPPH radical scavenging assay, and TLC Autography technique. The resultsrevealed that the 70% methanol has high total phenols (318.35mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids(189.38mg QE/g) while the 70% acetone extract was revealed high total tannin content (218.34 mgTAE/g). The 70% acetone extract revealed activity against the three mutant yeast tested withinhibition zone diameter more than 12 mm at concentration 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml respectively.While the other extracts were exhibited no activity against the three mutant strains tested. Allextracts were reflected anti-Candida activity and the maximum IZD was exhibited by the70%ethanol extract (30mm). All extracts were free-radical inhibitors but 70% methanol extract wasmore potent (0.068mg/ml) than the other extracts
Peran Para Pihak Dalam Pengembangan Ekowisata di Kawasan Danau Toba Di Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus Aek Nauli
Authors: Sylviani Sylviani , Parlinah Nunung , Septina, S.Sos, MA Ane Dwi , Djaenudin Deden , Karlina Endang , Sumirat Bugi Kabul
Published: November 2023

The development of the Aek Nauli’s Forest Area with Special Purposes (KHDTK), as one of the national prioritytourist sites in the Lake Toba catchment area, needs to be carried out in support of North Sumatra ecotourism. Thisstudy examines the roles and functions of the parties involved in ecotourism management’s development. Primarydata were obtained from the results of discussions, FGD, and filling out questionnaires by respondents determinedpurposively from both government and community groups. The analysis was carried out using the stakeholderanalysis method to determine the parties’ roles and functions. The study results indicate that the most interested andinfluential parties are KLHK, BP2LHK Aek Nauli, BBKSDA North Sumatra, and BOPDT. The Parties which have low level of interest but have high influence are Bappenas, Kemenkomaritim, Kemenpar, Ministry of PUPR, BappedaNorth Sumatra, and Bappeda Simalungun Regency. The Parties with a high level of interest but low influence arthe surrounding community, such as Pokdarwis (Kelompok Sadar Wisata), and cooperation (koperasi). The partythat has a low level of interest and influence is PHRI. Coordination and communication are needed amongst theparties to carry out the national program in developing tourism priorities at KHDTK Aek Nauli correctly.Keywords: KHDTK Aek Nauli, The National Priority Tourist Site, Ecotourism, Danau Toba Area.
ANALISIS ISI PERATURAN PERUNDANGAN TERKAIT PENGENDALIAN KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN PADA TINGKAT PUSAT, PROVINSI RIAU, DAN KABUPATEN BENGKALIS
Authors: Maulana Sandhi Imam , Syaufina Lailan , Prasetyo Lilik Budi , Aidi Muhammad Nur
Published: November 2023

Forest and land fires in Indonesia have received considerable attention from international communities. In response to this problem, the government has principally tried to stipulate a series of laws and regulations that aimed to control or event halt forest fire events. Nevertheless, forest fires are still recurring fluctuatively up to now. Considering this issue, this study was primarily aimed at obtaining an overview on the effectiveness of policies and strategies implemented to deal with forest and land fires as contained in government’s laws and regulations. This study was conducted based on content analysis approach. Results of this study show that in general, the effectiveness of the government’s policies and strategies in combating forest and land fires are still low. This may happen due to the presence of several drawbacks in regard to policy narratives that are still relying on reactive-based action; lack of attention on economic and technological aspect, particularly related to improvements in land management; as well as fire management work directives that tend to pay less attention to the recurrent pattern of fire events
Pengembangan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Paud Dikabupaten Way Kanan Lampung
Authors: Abd Jabar Cepi Safruddin , Pamungkas Joko , S Shely Cathrin , Herman T Macchiavelli , Putri Anggraeni Erina
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Upaya pengembangan daerah oleh universitas melalui pendidikan yang ada di Way Kanan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan triangulasi. Data diperoleh dari Observasi, Wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari dari penelitian ini adalah program Kerjasama yang dapat dilakukan universitas dalam pengembangan daerah melalui pendidikan anak usia dini, diantaranya yaitu pendampingan untuk meningkatkan kualitas SDM, pendampingan dalam penyusunan karya pendidik, dan Inovasi pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal.
Reseña de: Astigarraga, Jesús, A Unifying Enlightenment. Institutions of Political Economy in Eighteenth-Century Spain (1700-1808)
Authors: Paiva Roberto
Published: November 2023

Reseña de: Astigarraga, Jesús, A Unifying Enlightenment. Institutions of Political Economy in Eighteenth-Century Spain (1700-1808), Leiden-Boston, Brill, 2021, 326 págs. ISBN: 9789004442382.
Una entrevista a Luis Ribot
Authors: Martín Marcos David
Published: November 2023

Entrevista de David Martín Marcos a Luis Ribot, catedrático emérito de la UNED.
Rat Population Increase And Damage To Rice Plantations With Different Irrigation Systems In Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Haddina Ummu , Priyambodo Swastiko , Hindayana Dadan
Published: November 2023

One of the rice producing regions in Indonesia is South Sulawesi. Wajo Regency is the second highest rice producing area in South Sulawesi, after Bone Regency. Based on the irrigation system, rice cultivation in Wajo Regency consists of technical irrigation, rainfed rice fields, and rice cultivation or dry land. Agriculture with various irrigation systems has an impact on pest population levels and the intensity of attacks. The decline in rice productivity is caused by many factors, one of which is the attack of rice rat pests that occur in several areas in Wajo Regency. There are several techniques and strategies for field rat management, ranging from sanitation, technical culture or plant cultivation, mechanical, biological, and chemical physical. All techniques and strategies of rice rat management must be applied integrated, continuously, and together in one stretch. This study aims to measure the potential presence of rice rats in several irrigation systems in Wajo Regency (irrigation, rainfed rice fields, and dryland rice), analyze the management of rice rats carried out by farmers, and the factors that affect it. The method used is observing rice planting patterns based on irrigation systems, estimating the population level of rice rats with single live traps and the level of attack on several rice planting irrigation systems. Likewise, rice rat population management in several rice planting irrigation systems, data analysis, and economic analysis. The result of this study is that the highest estimate of rats is in dryland rice plantations. The intensity of rat attacks was highest in dry land Pr>F 0.045 the area of attack was highest in rainfed land Pr>F was 0.0171, for intensity and area of attack in generative phase 1. The success of cultivation in dry land was 16.3% in generative phase 1 which was 16.48%. The presence of rats correlates both the intensity of the attack and the area of each addition of rats will increase the intensity of the attack by 0.155% and the area of attack by 0.308%.
Erreichbarkeit der hausärztlichen Versorgung geriatrischer Patient:innen in Sachsen: Distanzakzeptanz aus Patient:innensicht
Authors: Thiesen Josephine
Published: November 2023

Angesichts des demografischen Wandels und der Zunahme an geriatrischen Patient:innen ist künftig mit einer erheblichen Veränderung des Versorgungsbedarfs zu rechnen. Wenngleich Hausärzt:innen in der Versorgung geriatrischer Patient:innen eine wichtige Rolle spielen, existieren regionale Unterschiede in der Erreichbarkeit der hausärztlichen Versorgung. Anhand einer systematischen Literaturrecherche untersucht die Masterarbeit den Zusammenhang zwischen der Erreichbarkeit der hausärztlichen Versorgung geriatrischer Patient:innen und deren Gesundheit bzw. Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen. Außerdem wird die Distanzakzeptanz der hausärztlichen Versorgung geriatrischer Patient:innen in Sachsen in Abhängigkeit verschiedener Einflussfaktoren mittels deskriptiver Statistik und einer binär logistischen Regression exploriert; die Datengrundlage hierfür bildet eine innerhalb des Versorgungsforschungsprojekts „RemugVplan“ durchgeführte Angehörigenbefragung. Bestehende Forschungsliteratur kommt zwar zu inkonsistenten und in ihrer Vergleichbarkeit stark eingeschränkten Ergebnissen, die Angehörigenbefragung zeigt jedoch einen signifikanten Einfluss der Entfernung der hausärztlichen Versorgung auf die Distanzakzeptanz der Patient:innen.
Editorial – Wissenschaftlicher WIG2 Jahresrückblick 2019
Authors: Militzer-Horstmann Carsta
Published: November 2023

Die erste Ausgabe im neuen Jahrgang der Forschungsberichte nehmen wir zum Anlass, in diesem Editorial das vergangene WIG2-Jahr aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht Revue passieren zu lassen. Von der Geburtsstunde der WIG2 Forschungsberichte, über erfolgreiche wissenschaftliche Publikationen und Vorträge, abgeschlossene Studierendenarbeiten und bearbeitete Projekte: WIG2 kann auf ein spannendes, innovatives Jahr zurückblicken.
Professionelle Pflege in Deutschland
Authors: Schuppann Susann Cathleen , Stutzer Franziska , Militzer-Horstmann Carsta
Published: November 2023

Dieser Artikel stellt eine Vertiefung des Themas Pflege hinsichtlich des Bereichs der professionellen Pflege und deren aktuellen Gegebenheiten dar. Er ergänzt inhaltlich einen bereits 2021 veröffentlichten Beitrag im Sammelband „Krankenkassen- und Pflegekassenmanagement“ (Hrsg. von Hans-R. Hartweg, Franz Knieps und Karin Agor) und schafft so ein größeres Gesamtbild der Pflegelandschaft in Deutschland. Ergebnis des vorliegenden Artikels ist ein „morphologischer Kasten“, mit dem einzelne professionell Pflegende, Einrichtungen und darin eingegliederte Bereiche beschrieben werden können. Neben einer theoretischen Abgrenzung der Begrifflichkeiten – darunter Qualifikationen, Handlungsfelder, Kompetenzen und Pflegesysteme – und ihrer deskriptiv-statistischen Darstellung werden auch politische Rahmenbedingungen sowie aktuelle Herausforderungen der formell Pflegenden betrachtet.
Qualitative analysis of a mathematical model of calcium dynamics inside the muscle cell
Authors: Nedyalkova Zdravka , Ivanov Tihomir
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we consider a mathematical model of calcium dynamics inside the muscle cell, proposed by Williams. We make a qualitative study of the model solutions. In particular, we study the existence and stability of equilibrium points of the model with respect to the model parameters in two limiting cases-when a constant stimulus is present and when there is no stimulus that triggers muscle activity. Numerical examples are given for each case, in order to illustrate the analytic results.
ERRO DE MEDICAÇÃO NA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Ramalho da Silva Barbara , Karoliny Cardoso de Sousa Saraiva  , Luana Alves Reverte
Published: November 2023

RESUMO
 
Esta pesquisa revela, por meio de revisão de literatura, os diferentes aspectos associados ao erro de medicação na assistência de enfermagem, os quais colocam em risco a vida de pacientes e demonstram a necessidade de mudanças no atual sistema de saúde. Nesse estudo, para essa finalidade, buscou-se, como tópicos: diferenciar os conceitos de “reação adversa” -  reação fisiológica inevitável - e “erros de medicação” – falhas no processo assistencial -, definir os principais erros de medicação e seus fatores de risco, bem como discutir os aspectos ético-legais da atuação da enfermagem e medidas para a prevenção desses erros. Para cada análise, adotou-se um enfoque para o serviço da enfermagem, o qual se relaciona a outros profissionais da saúde, como médicos e farmacêuticos, e representa a classe responsável pela maior quantidade de erros de medicação, sejam eles de interpretação de prescrições, dose, vias de administração, paciente, dispensação, monitorização de pacientes, sejam de notificação por erros cometidos). Por fim, baseado nessa análise sistemática, articularam-se medidas de prevenção efetivas relacionada a esses erros, desde a fase inicial do cuidado (médica, quanto às prescrições e à comunicação com a equipe de saúde), até a fase final (administração, monitorização dos usuários e alta hospitalar), com destaque a medidas educativas por meio da gestão hospitalar. Quanto à estrutura deste trabalho, trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, composta por artigos, dissertações, pesquisas de mestrado e pós-graduação, bem como por informações retiradas do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN) e revistas científicas (Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, entre outras), a fim de estabelecer uma análise crítica sobre o tema e garantir fundamentação científica para a pesquisa. Nesta revisão, observaram-se desafios quanto à superação do problema, por razões de infraestrutura e gestão hospitalar.
Rectus Sheath and Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks as Main Anesthetic Technique for Open Cholecystectomy: A Case Report
Authors: F Arsenio Jesher Joshua , J Lomboy Maria Cecilia , Remedios Joanne A , C Ramas Jude Khalyl
Published: November 2023

Anesthetic techniques used for open cholecystectomy are traditionally general anesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia, or both due to convenience and safety profile. Peripheral nerve blocks are usually only used for postoperative analgesia for this type of surgery. We report a case of a patient with obstructive jaundice in severe cholangitis and hypovolemic hypernatremia who underwent open cholecystectomy and T-tube drain under right-sided rectus sheath and subcostal transversus abdominis plane blocks.
PENGARUH SISTEM MULTI DIPA TERHADAP ANGGARAN BELANJA OPERASIONAL SATUAN KERJA KEMENTERIAN AGAMA
Authors: Sukadana I Nengah
Published: November 2023

Kementerian Agama memiliki Kantor Satuan Kerja sebanyak 3,000 unit dengan mengelola DIPA (Daftar Isian Pelaksanaan Anggaran) sebanyak 5,666 Dipa, diketahui alokasi anggaran untuk operasional dan pemeliharaan perkantoran (002) Kementerian Agama cukup besar. Sistem Multi DIPA yang dipakai saat ini pada Satuan Kerja Kantor Wilayah dan Kantor Kabupaten/Kota membuat alokasi anggaran untuk honor operasional satuan kerja (521115) menjadi besar mencapai 12,1 % dari pagu belanja operasional (002). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Sistem Multi DIPA terhadap besarnya anggaran belanja honor operasional satuan kerja pada Kantor Kementerian Agama Provinsi Dan Kabupaten/Kota . Dengan metode penerapan skema sistem Satu DIPA pada Kantor Kementerian Agama tingkat Wilayah dan Kabupaten/Kota dapat diketahui Sistem Multi DIPA saat ini membuat anggaran belanja operasional satuan kerja tidak efisien tidak sesuai dengan prinsip penganggagaran berbasis kinerja yang menekankan konsep Value for money mendasarkan pada tiga elemen utama, yaitu ekonomis, efisiensi, dan efektivitas