bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene among Children of Working and Non-Working Mothers
Authors: Iqbal Zunaira , Shafeeq Seema , Hassan Arooj Ul , Ashraf Tahira , Bajwa Obaid
Published: May 2022

Background: Mother’s role in improving children’s oral hygiene and reducing the risk of tooth decay is undeniable. However, a mother’s employment status has been an important yet ignored aspect to study for its potential impact on the oral hygiene of children. Aim To compare the frequency of dental caries and poor oral hygiene in children of working and non-working mothers Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 children divided in two groups (working and non-working mothers). The data was collected using nonprobability convenience sampling. The mothers were briefed about research and data was collected from them. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 21. Descriptives were given in form of mean, median, standard deviations, and interquartile ranges. Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and Mann Whitney U test were applied for the statistical difference of oral hygiene-related variables in the two groups. Results: The mean age of working mothers was 30.97 ± 4.204 years and of non-working mothers was 28.59 ±4.86 years. A significant association of the working status of the mother was found in the lesser frequency of brushing, more consumption of sweets as well as bottle feeding. (p-values<0.05). higher knowledge of negative effects of bottle feeding was reported among working mothers (16.2%) compared to nonworking mothers (8.5%), (p-value<0.001), the assistance in brushing was significantly higher in nonworking mothers (37.7%) compared to working mothers (22.3%), (p-value=0.007). Conclusion:: This study concludes that working mothers have a significantly higher risk of tooth decay, missing tooth, and tooth filling among their children. Keywords: Dental caries, decay, missing tooth, filled teeth, oral hygiene, brushing, sweets consumption
Comparison of mean duration of two-segment regression time in patients undergoing lower limb surgery treated with combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia vs. Combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia plus epidural volume extension with saline
Authors: Javaid Komal , , Zeb Anum , Aslam Mudassar , Afzal Muhammad Abdul Rehman , Uppal Athar Adnan , Khalid Fareeha
Published: May 2022

Background: Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia is a novel technique that decreases the amount of anesthetic required yet with greater anesthetic effect compared to spinal or epidural anesthesia alone. Recent studies showed that epidural volume extension (EVE) with saline further increased the anesthetic effect of this combined approach resulting in longer two-segment regression time. However, literature was scarce in the local context that provides the basis of the present study. Aim: The study focuses on the comparison between the mean duration of two-segment regression time in patients who underwent lower limb surgery treated with CSE and CSE plus EVE with saline. Methods: It was a randomized controlled trial and included 60 patients of both genders who range between 20-60 years. They belong to ASA class I and II and underwent lower limb trauma surgery with CSE anesthesia which were further randomly divided into two treatments groups. The patients of Group-A received EVE in addition to standard CSE while Group-B received standard CSE alone. The outcome variable was the mean two-segment regression time which was compared in these two groups. Results: Mean age of selected patients was 35.75±10.60 years. Study included 35 (58.3%) male and 25 (41.7%) female patients. The mean duration of surgery was 79.65±12.92 minutes while the mean BMI was 27.78±3.25 Kg/m2. Nineteen (31.7%) patients were from ASA Class-I and 41 (68.3%) patients associated with ASA Class-II. The mean two-segment regression time was substantially longer in the CSE plus EVE group as compared to the group receiving CSE alone (83.77±7.56 vs. 59.97±6.22 minutes; p-value<0.001). In these two groups, a statistically important difference was also noted across subgroups based on the age of the patient, gender, BMI, duration of surgery, history of diabetes and ASA status. Conclusion: CSE anesthesia with EVE proved its superiority over the conventional practice of CSE alone in terms of longer mean two-segment regression time in patients with lower limb trauma surgery. Keywords: Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia, Epidural Volume Extension, Two-segment Regression Time
Determination of Frequency of Near Miss Morbidity in Obstetrical patients Presenting in Emergency at Arif Memorial Hospital
Authors: Aziz Uzma , Munawar Asima , Afzal Madiha , Yasin Asma , Noreen Asifa
Published: May 2022

Background: The definition of near miss event is: acute obstetric complication that endangers the survival of an obstetric patient immediately but not resulting in her death by chance or because of the hospital based obstetric care she receives during antenatal, intrapartum or postpartum period either after delivery or termination of pregnancy. Aim: To find frequency of near miss morbidity in pregnant females presenting at emergency department in critical condition at Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital was the objective of our study. Methods: This was a descriptive case series that was conducted at department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital/Rashid Latif Medical College Lahore for one year from March 2021 till February 2022 after approval from Ethical Review board of RLMC. A total of 310 females meeting inclusion criteria were included in this study. After taking informed consent, their age, obstetric history, gestational age (on USG), parity, and demographic details was obtained. All patients were followed till delivery. Near-miss was identified as per operational definition and cause was recorded. All patients were managed efficiently as per standard protocol. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: Most of the cases were with mean age of 31.43 ± 7.25 years with age range of 16 as minimum and 45 as maximum age. The mean gestational age at presentation was 36.63 ± 2.82 weeks with minimum and maximum gestational age as 32 and 41 weeks. According to operational definition near miss morbidity was diagnosed in 30 (9.65%) in which severe anemia was seen in 11 (36.67%) preceding by 6 (20%) as severe hemorrhage, hypertensive disorder each, 5 (16.67%) females had sepsis and 2 (6.67%) had uterine rupture. Conclusion: The frequency of near miss morbidity in pregnant females presenting at emergency department in critical condition at Arif Memorial Hospital was relatively high and common cause was severe anemia. Keywords: Frequency, near miss morbidity, Obstetrical patients, emergency department, critical condition
Immune Status of Hepatitis B Virus among Vaccinated Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Raza Syed Ali , Hussain Sohail , Khan Faiza Nafees , Begum Imtiaz , Sidhwani Santosh Kumar , Sadiq Madeeha
Published: May 2022

Aim: To check immune status of hemodialysis patients with vaccination history at a tertiary care hospital to Hepatitis B virus. Methods: Study design was cross sectional study which was conducted in Department of Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi from May 2011 till November 2011. One hundred and three patients were included in this study who matched the inclusion criteria after taking their informed consent. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 12. Results: The study comprised of male subjects 69(67%) and female patients were 34(33%). The mean age was 51.1 years and standard deviation age was ±14.3 years, the post vaccination duration was recorded and had a mean value of 7.6±0.9 months, mean value of anti HBs antibody level was 184.6±293.4 and the mean duration for hemodialysis was 26.4±12 months. 37(35.9%) of the patients were non-responders, while 19(18.4%) were weak responders and high responders comprised most of study sample i.e. 47(45.6%). Hemodialysis schedule of patients varied with 70(68%) had dialysis twice weekly as compared to this 33(32%) patients had hemodialysis schedule of thrice weekly. Conclusion: this was a preliminary study which showed a very high immunization response by hepatitis-B vaccine among patients on hemodialysis that neither correlated with age, systemic inflammation nor nutritional status. Keywords: Hepatitis B, Immunization, Hemodialysis, Immunity,
Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Ormanının (Çankırı/Eldivan) florası
Authors: TUTTU Gamze , URSAVAŞ Serhat
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmada, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Ormanının floristik zenginliği ortaya çıkarılmıştır. 2017-2019 yılları arasında yapılan arazi çalışmalarında alandan toplanan 342 adet bitki örneğinin teşhis edilmesi sonucunda 58 familyaya ait 196 cins ve bu cinslere ait 304 takson tespit edilmiştir. Bu taksonların 2’si Pteridophytha, 302’si Spermatophyta bölümüne aittir. Spermatophyta bölümündeki taksonlardan 4’ü Gymnospermae, 298’i Angiospermae’dir. Angiospermae’lerin 267’si Dicotyledones, 31’i ise Monocotyledones sınıfına aittir. En çok takson içeren familyalar Asteraceae (45), Fabaceae (29), Lamiaceae (24) ve Rosaceae (22)’dir. En çok takson içeren cinsler Centaurea (7), Astragalus (6), Silene (6) ve Trifolium (6)’dur. Alandaki endemik takson sayısı 33 olup endemizm oranı %10,85’tir. Taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere dağılımlarına bakıldığında; İran-Turan 51 (%16,77), Avrupa-Sibirya 43 (%14,14), Akdeniz 9 (%2,96), Öksin 8 (%2,63), Doğu Akdeniz 8 (%2,63), Hyrcano-Öksin 1 (%0,33) ve çok bölgeli veya geniş yayılışlı 184 (%60,53) takson bulunmaktadır.
The effect of elevation and exposure on stability index and quantity of snags in pure Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) managed forests
Authors: ÖZEL Halil Barış , AYAN Sezgin , VAROL Tugrul
Published: May 2022

Snags are a major structural and functional component in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) because of their high degree of naturalness in northern Anatolia forests. This research, as a case study, was conducted in the even-aged and pure oriental beech managed forest in Bartın. In this research where the effect of exposure and elevation, zone factors on stability index, the number and volume of snags (standing coarse deadwood: CDWsnags) were examined. It was found that exposure did not affect the stability index, number and volume of CDWsnags. However, there is a significant difference among the elevation zone on the number of CDWsnags, their volume and stability index (P≤0,000). It was found that there is an average volume of 8.87 m3/ha of CDWsnags. The diameter of the snags is distributed between 32 and 72 cm. In addition, a strong positive correlation was determined between the number of CDWsnags and the stability index (r= 0,95), height and breast diameter of CDWsnags (r = 0,98). These results may be an important tool to be used to improve management interventions in the management of high value forests.
The Sufi Orders in Algeria: Struggle for Power
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies NAS RA, Gasparyan Aram , Tamrazyan Anush ,   Institute of Oriental Studies NAS RA
Published: May 2022

The basic schools of mystical philosophy and practice were formed within Sufi orders (Tarikas) from the 11th century. Sufism spread to different parts of the world through its many branches. Maghrib also was a unique region for the development of Sufism. The Sufi orders had a great role in socio-political life of the region. The Tarikas were the place of great unity for many people and used that force in political struggle or insurgent movements. In the 19th century, Sufi orders in Algeria became a coordinating force for Muslim society fighting against colonising empires. They took the leadership in liberation movements of the anti-Turkish firstly and then the anti-French struggle. However, they did not succeed in uniting around a common goal due to the disagreement, distrust and even hostility. But it should be noted that the concepts formed during this period, the uprisings that took place, had a huge impact not only on the Algerian anti-French struggle but also on the further historical development of the country.
Գոյականի թվի քերականական կարգի արտահայտությունը հին հայերենում
Authors:   Խ․Աբովյանի անվան հայկական պետական մանկավարժական համալսարան, Խաչատրյան Լալիկ , Խաչատրյան Լիլիթ ,   Համազգային Արևմտյան շրջանի գրական միավորում, Լոս Անջելես, ԱՄՆ
Published: May 2022

Հին հայերենում հոգնակի թվի տիպաբանական ցուցիչն է -ք մասնիկը, որ որոշակի դեպքերում, պայմանավորված հոլովաձևի հնչյունական-ձևակազմական փոփոխություններով, ստանում է -ունք, -ինք, -անք (նաև՝ -ոնք) ձևեր, թեև, ընդհանուր առմամբ, այդ վերակազմավորումներում իմաստի բեռնվածությունը դարձյալ կրում է –ք մասնիկը։ Վերջադրական հոլովման գոյականների թվի կարգն ունի երկու կառուցատիպ. մի դեպքում հոգնակի ուղղականի համար սերող հիմք է դառնում եզակի ուղղականը (անփոփոխ ձևով), երկրորդ՝ հոգնակի ուղղականի հիմքը եզակի ուղղականի հնչյունական-ձևակազմական (փոփոխված) տարբերակն է։ Ներքին թեքման ենթարկվող բառերի հոլովական հիմքերը ձևավորվում են ձայնդարձով կամ երկբարբառի պարզեցումով` հոգնակիակերտ մասնիկից առաջ. (ը)ն – ուն+ք. ձուկ(ը)ն+ք – ձկուն+ք (ը>ու հնչյունափոխությամբ), ում+(ը)ն – մունք. ուսում(ը)ն – ուսմուն+ք (ը>ու հնչյունափոխությամբ), մ(ը)ն - մուն+ք. ատամ(ը)ն – ատամուն+ք (ը>ու հնչյունափոխությամբ), (ը)ն – ին+ք. գառ(ը)ն – գառին+ք (ը>ի հնչյունափոխությամբ)։ Հոլովական հիմքերի վրա ավելանում է հոգնակիակերտ ցուցիչը։ Հանդիպում են թվակազմական զուգաձևությունները, որոնք հոգնակիության իմաստն արտահայտում են միևնույն հիմքին ավելացող հոմանիշ տարբեր (հոգնակերտ) մասնիկների միջոցով, ինչպես՝ - ք // -եայք, -ք// -ունք, ­եան //-եայք, -անք// -եան, -ք// -իք// -եան, -ան //-անք //-եան և այլն։ Այդ կարգի բառերը քերականական իմաստներն արտահայտում են մասնիկավորմամբ և ենթարկվում են տարբեր հոլովումների։
Middle Armenian at the Crossroad of Oriental Languages
Authors:   University of Isfahan, Alexander von Humboldt Fellow in Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Mօhammad Malek Mohammadi
Published: May 2022

In terms of language contact, Middle Armenian (12th-16th c.) is an exceptional phenomenon as the most important feature of the Medieval culture. Middle Armenian adopted thousands of lexical borrowings as a result of many years of communication and convergence with different languages, which enriched the vocabulary of the Armenian language with new concepts. In fact, this process began in the 10th century with the Armenian Renaissance in science, literature and art. The interweaving of religion, spirituality and secularism caused new ideologies to form. Middle Armenian was a linguistic crossroads of the Eastern and Western worlds, which we show by discussing the lexical borrowings from related and unrelated languages, as well as factors that influence "borrowability" based on loanword typology (Haspelmath 2008, 43). This article discusses the impact of different languages on Middle Armenian, especially linguistic relations between Armenian as well as Arabic, Iranian and Turkish.
Տնտեսական ինքնիշխանության էությունը և հիմնական հայեցակետերը. տնտեսական ինքնիշխանություն և ազատականություն
Authors:   ՀՊՏՀ կառավարման ամբիոն, Գևորգյան Գառնիկ
Published: May 2022

Տնտեսական ինքնիշխանությունը ցույց է տալիս, թե որքանով երկրի իշխանությունները վճռորոշ ձայն ունեն ազգային տնտեսության ճակատագրին, նրա զարգացման հիմնական առաջնահերթություններին վերաբերող հարցերի հետ կապված որոշումներ կայացնելու գործում: Պետությունն ինքնիշխան է, եթե այն մշակում և իրագործում է իր զարգացման ռազմավարությունը՝ անկախ այլ պետությունների դիրքորոշումներից, միևնույն ժամանակ՝ պահպանելով պետությունների իրավահավասարության և այլ երկրների ներքին գործերին չմիջամտելու սկզբունքները։ Ժամանակակից աշխարհում տնտեսական ինքնիշխանության սպառնալիքները կարող են ունենալ ինչպես ներքին, այնպես էլ արտաքին ծագում՝ պայմանավորված, մի կողմից՝ պետության ներքին կառուցակարգերով, այնպես էլ այլ երկրների կողմից, այդ թվում՝ «փափուկ ուժի» գործադրմամբ տնտեսական ինքնիշխանությանը ներկայացվող սպառնալիքներով։ Այս առումով կարևոր է նաև ազատականության հիմնախնդիրը, քանի որ համապատասխան հակակշիռների և ինստիտուցիոնալ համակարգերի բացակայության դեպքում քաղաքական իշխանությունները տնտեսական ինքնիշխանության ապահովման գործընթացում կարող են փորձել սահմանափակել քաղաքացիների քաղաքական և տնտեսական իրավունքները։
Prevalence of dental trauma and its association with gender among age group of 2-6 year
Authors: Amrithaa B. , Govindaraju Lavanya , Jeevanandan Ganesh , Maganur Prabhadevi C , Vishwanathaiah Satish
Published: May 2022

Background: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are the dental circumstances with high predominance rate and generally connected with impact on children. Dental injury can cause distress and loss of limit has the potential for periapical sequelae, which give an unfriendly impact on the occasion of the extremely durable teeth additionally as the creating impediment. Aim: To assess the prevalence of dental trauma and its association with gender among age groups of 2-6 years. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out among patients who answered to Saveetha Dental College with traumatic injuries such as avulsion, intrusion, extrusion and luxation of age group of 2-6 years. The data was entered into SPSS after the variables were coded. Categorical factors were reported as far as numbers and reference charts were generated using SPSS version 23. The Chi Square test was used to test the statistical analysis of the associations. Results: Among 40 children, who were affected by dental trauma, 62.5% were males and 37.5% are females.  As a total count males were higher in count of 23 patients when compared to females 17 patients.
Mycological study of Zygomycosis in patient suffering from suspected Mucormycosis during COVID-19 pandemic at IGIMS, Patna
Authors: Anita Anita , Rajpal Kamlesh , Kumar Shailesh , Kumar Santosh , Kumari Namrata , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Aim: To study the speciation of zygomycosis, associated risk factors and spectrum of other fungus isolated in patients of suspected mucormycosis. Methodology: A prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted for duration of 6 months in the Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna. All the patients suspected clinically with mucormycosis visiting IGIMS, Patna were included in this study. Patient details were taken from lab investigation form after taking informed consent form from the patients or close relatives. Specimens were collected and routine microscopy (KOH mount), grams stain and culture was done for all samples. All the demographic details, laboratory results, clinical symptoms, COVID-19 status, systemic history, treatment history details were collected and analysed. Results: Out of 203 patients, 72.4% were males and 27.6% were females. Mean age of the patients was 50.19 + 3.08 years. 51.2% were KOH positive and 48.8% were KOH negative. In culture method, 28.6% had Rhizopusspp, 17.7% had Aspergillus spp, 17.7% had Candida spp, and 43.8% had no growth. 27.1% patients were either COVID positive during examination or had COVID history in recent time. Out of 55 patients (27.1%) having/had COVID history, only 54.5% were KOH positive and 41.8% were Rhizopusspp positive culture.
Pediatric high-energy and other traumatic injury
Authors: Dmytrovych Protsailo Mykhailo , Volodymyrovych Hoshchynskyi Pavlo , Orestovych Kryckyy Ihor , Georgiyovych Dzhyvak  Volodymyr
Published: May 2022

The article describes rare cases from the practice of pediatric orthopedist-traumatologist.  Modern household appliances are often the reason for children to receive significant and severe injuries that increase the risk of disability for life. The peculiarity of the child's body is that at different ages the same traumatic force causes completely different results, which must be taken into account in the practice of traumatology. The aim of this work is to comparative assessment of injuries depending on the magnitude of the traumatic impact, the condition of bone tissue, and the development of optimal methods of treatment of these injuries. The basis of the work is the results of examinations of patients of the trauma department of the regional children's hospital with rare injuries over the past 10 years. The basic methods of examination were X-ray, computed tomography. It was found that there is a direct dependence of the severity of the injuries on the age of the child, the duration of the traumatic impact, its area and treatment tactics.Summarizing the data obtained, we believe that in the case of destructive effects of injuries, it is advisable to use adequate, active, early surgical tactics.
Behavior based safety (bbs) prevention of employees at workplace
Authors: Annamalai M. , Senthilkumar D.
Published: May 2022

Behavior Based Safety (BBS) is a course of action that informs management and employees of the general safety of the workplace through safety observations. BBS is proposed to focus workers' attention on their own and their peers' daily safety behavior. Then it is a process aimed at reinforcing daily behavior by employees and leaders through safety prevention, reducing the risks of accidents in the workplace.
study of financial performance of five selected FMCG companies in India
Authors: Anusree S , Lorene K M
Published: May 2022

In modern economy, performance appraisal is necessary in a capitalist firm and this is evaluated with respect to its assets and liabilities. The Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector is one of our fastest-growing sectors which have shown more growth in rural areas for the past few years. COVID-19 epidemic has caused a slight shift in our perception about essentials which added hygiene goods to this category, whereas businesses such as apparel have shifted to discretionary category. This study aims to analyse the financial performance and price fluctuations of the selected Fast Moving Consumer Goods companies over the past five years using different financial ratios. As investors want more profit with less risk, the present study also relates the risk associated with the stocks of selected FMCG companies. Thus, it envisages providing an insight to the investors in choosing the companies for making a better portfolio.
Role of artificial intelligence in health communication
Authors: Pandey Bandana , Chakraborty Sanchita , Kumar Vineet
Published: May 2022

Artificial intelligence is a transformational technology of the digital age and increasingly capturing the world. Apart from robotics, this technology is also useful in the health sector. Smartwatches are a good example of artificial intelligence and health communication. This device provides you with some specific information like blood pressure, oxygen level, sleep monitoring, etc. which is very useful for a common man to track his/her health. This device communicates to you about your primary health issue and informs you to visit a doctor. So, in this study, researchers explored and examined the role and relevance of artificial intelligence in health communication, Research evaluates the level of awareness among users and non-users of smartwatches AI technology and finds out the effectiveness of using smartwatches. For data gathering, researchers will use a survey method. In this study, a quantitative approach was used and a random sampling method has been adopted for the selection of smartwatch users.
exploratory study on use of tobacco among adolescent students in selected schools of Moradabad (up) India
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Rajput Manju , Sharma Shivani , Gupta Shikha , Verma Natasha
Published: May 2022

Statement: An Exploratory Study on Use of Tobacco Among Adolescent Students in Selected Schools of Moradabad (Up). Objectives: Main Objective- To explore the use of tobacco among adolescent students using semi structured questionnaire. Assumptions: 1) Use of tobacco is more common in adolescents; 2) A high-risk group for tobacco consumption is adolescents; 3) Tobacco consumption in any form has its impact on the general health status of the individuals; 4) Practice of using tobacco and its products is more common in the general population. Methodology:  Qualitative Research approach was used for this current study. Research design used was exploratory research design. The study setting was Alam Inter College, Mehlakpur Road, Pakwara, a senior secondary school of Moradabad (UP). The study population for this study was 11th and 12th class school students at Moradabad (UP. Snowball sampling technique (non-probability sampling) was used to obtain the sample. Total 12 students were interviewed using semi structured questionnaires. Result: Exploring adolescent’s awareness of substances and associated harm to health from their uses of tobacco.
Synthesis and characterization of thiazolidine-4-one and thiazine-4-one derived from 2-aminoterephthalic acid by microwave method
Authors: Shehab Abdullah Khalid , Rasheed Malath Khalaf
Published: May 2022

The Schiff bases (A1 - A5) were produced from the reaction of the 2-aminoterephthalic acid with a variety of aldehydes by microwave method. Thiazolidine-4- one compoundes (A6 - A10)were of the reaction of the prepared schiffbases with thioglycolic acid in equal molar proportions. Thiazine-4- one compounds (A11 - A15) were prepared from the prepared schiff bases with the amino acid (cysteine). The prepared compounds were diagnosed by Spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H-NMR). The biological activity against two types of bacteria Proteus mirabilis –GVe and Enterococcus faecalis +GVe have tested and compared with the ciprofloxacin drug. The results proved that the prepared compounds are effective against these bacteria.
Implementation of 12 bit R-2R DAC using cadence(90nm)
Authors: Saravanan K. , Tamilmani S. , Surendar S. Deepak , Kumar B. Dinesh
Published: May 2022

An R-2R DAC utilizes less special esteem which is in contrast with to the binary weighed- input DAC. Continuous sampling and measuring of an analog signal occurs over time. This project depends on R-2R Ladder for investing Low power utilization, no dynamic chip and Low DNL. The DAC is executed in a virtuoso device on 90 Nanometer CMOS Technology. The two stages in our projects seems to be Operational Amplifier and R-2R Ladder Digital to analog converters enable transmission of analog signals over digital signal processing chips [1].Two stages are involved in the OP-Amp, the first one being a differential amplifier. We use this Differential Amplifier to obtain high gain and second stage namely Common Source Amplifier. It increases Gain that leaded from the first stage and increases it Output swing. In our project,R-2R DAC is implemented using CADENCE 90nm tool.
ethnoveterinary important plant Terminalia Arjuna
Authors: Tripathi Arpan Kumar , Dwivedi Chandra Prakash , Bansal Priya , Pradhan Dusmanta Kumar , Parganiha Revendra , Sahu Dageshwari
Published: May 2022

The phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of Terminalia arjuna were investigated using a standard methodology. It's high in secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, proteins, and steroid hormones. As well as carbs, The methanol extract had a DPPH value of 208.6. Terminalia On Aspergillus fumigatus (20 mm), arjuna at 100 mg/ml demonstrated the most action. More research is required to identify the active principle from the phytopharmaceutical study on several extracts.
Modern approaches to increasing the health efficiency of physical training programs for students
Authors: Qambarov Davron , Nosirov Ergash , Norkulov Shavkat , Karabaev Xusan
Published: May 2022

This article highlights modern methodological approaches to improving the health effectiveness of physical education programs for students. An analysis of a number of studies of local literature and foreign authors known to us shows that the mode of movement is unbalanced and the effectiveness of the model state program on school physical education is low, resulting in a clear lack of movement activity in general secondary school students. Graduates will continue to study in higher education institutions and will again be exposed to the hypokinesia of education and production. On the one hand, the complexity and acceleration of the vocational school program leads to a decrease in student mobility, on the other hand, the development of its negative consequences in the form of uncertainty and "delay" in student physical activity leads to deterioration of their overall performance and health.
Artificial neural networks application in medical images
Authors: Xhako Dafina , Hyka Niko
Published: May 2022

Diagnostic examinations through analog and numerical images are today the main method of diagnosing various diseases. Numerical images can be obtained with different methods depending on the technique used. Basically, any technique of obtaining medical images is nothing but the connection of a physical process of interaction of radiation with the subject / environment and with the help of the computer, these processes became visible through numerical images. Given the nature of the physical phenomena used and the lack of perfection of detection systems, the result is not perfect but is an estimate/price of “true value” which remains unattainable. Adding to this the human error during a medical examination, the patient's movements, etc., can flow very important artifacts, which must first be understood and analyzed and then using numerical methods, to correct them in the final version of the numerical image. This paper analyzes some numerical methods of numerical image correction such as interpolation and convolution, implemented in MATLAB program. In particular the interpolation technique is applied using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), feedforward.
Government welfare schemes for securing the position of the women in the society
Authors: Kaur Inderjit , Bhat Javeed Ahmad
Published: May 2022

Women has been faced several obstacles for surviving and empowering themselves in emerging countries like an India, because social taboos and mind sets of male dominated society have been responsible for her secondary position. Moreover, India is a welfare state where equality provided to men and women under the law but still far away from reality to overcome this matter. So, government started enormous policies or programmes for wellbeing of vulnerable sections of society like SC, BC, OBC, children and women. Punjab state has been also introduced several policies and schemes to upgrade the livelihood of economic trodden sections. In this section, main focus is on women welfare schemes launched by Indian and Punjab Government.
Levels of formation of diagnostic culture of future primary school teachers in an innovative educational environment and its contents
Authors: Kadyrova Khalimakhon , Toshkhodjayeva Nargizakhon , Muratkhodjayeva Ziyoda , Adilova Munisa
Published: May 2022

The article describes the level of formation of the diagnostic culture of future primary school teachers in an innovative educational environment. classification of skills, feedback on the implementation of experimental work on the formation of a diagnostic culture based on a general description of each level.
Indian dairy industry
Authors: Kolhal Mahesh Tanaji
Published: May 2022

In India, the dairy industry plays a very important role in the country’s socio-economic, culture development and constitutes an important segment of the rural economy. Dairy industry provides subsistence to millions of houses in villages, ensuring supply of quality milk and milk products to people in both urban and rural areas. A farmer can earn a gross surplus of about Rs. 60,000 per year from a unit consisting of 2 milking buffaloes. Even more profits can be earned depending upon the breed of animal, managerial skills and demand of marketing. The role of agriculture in the segment of national & international trade is very much important to understand the economic development. About 70% of Indian export depends on agriculture products in includes by dairy products. The co-operative dairy is an agency which carries a production of milk and marketing milk product. This activity supports the producers who are having low income farmers. The mainly paper is divided into three parts are first parts deals with the Development of Dairy Industry in India, second part consist with problems of Indian dairy industry and last part covers solution is the concluding remarks.
Factor influencing the particularly vulnerable tribal groups livelihood towards tribal co-operative marketing development federation
Authors: Chellasamy P. , Kannamudaiyar S.
Published: May 2022

India has the largest concentration of tribal communities after Africa. They are often called autochthonous people. There has been a considerable increase in tribal population from 40.22 million in 1972 to 208.7 million in 2016.  Out of this 28 percent are considered Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups(PVTGs). They are small in groups confined to comprehensive inaccessible areas with perilous living styles. To a larger extent, they have perpetuated their cultural group identity with their typical living condition.  Several factors also have a major influence on the Primitive tribe’s household, income, and food security. The literacy level, income, and living conditions of the PVTGs in comparison with others are deteriorating. Hence, TRIFED has made an attempt to ameliorate the tribal’s with retail marketing development. Thus, the study has made to examine the factors affecting the particularly vulnerable tribal people’s livelihood with special reference to the Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu by using factor analysis. The study profound that factor analysis imposes reduced poverty  ,enhance House-hold(HH) Income, Benefits of Financial Inclusion and profit on MFP has a significant impact on livelihood of the tribal’s.
Information retrieving competence of the students during COVID-19
Authors: Bains Sahil
Published: May 2022

With the advancement of computer science and information technology, enormous generation of data and information in particular has been observed in every field of knowledge over the past decades. The ultimate purpose of information creation is to serve the need of information seekers. Due to complex nature of information, it needs to be organised and retrieved effectively so that it can be put to use. Information Retrieval can be defined as the process of representing, storing, organising and accessing of information, generally documents that are suitable to an information need at the user end. The present study attempts to make an analysis of information retrieving competence of the students of the University of Jammu during COVID-19. In order to meet the purpose of this study, survey method was adopted and a questionnaire was distributed online to the students. The outcomes of the study reveal if information retrieval was difficult during the period, various reasons for information seeking and the effect on information retrieving ability of the students. It also brings into light the capability of students to evaluate information for further use and the things they have learnt while retrieving information during the pandemic.
efficiency and encounters of online education for higher secondary school students
Authors: Prasanth S. R. , Rajan R.
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has limited the rapid implementation of electronic learning. In any case, little is a basic experience with the common sense and issues looked at by the students. Consequently, this review revolves around assessing the appropriateness of web browsing and the issues it presents to students' abilities to learn. This audit used a significant assessment configuration using a review overview, facilitated by 99 students from an auxiliary school in Jasin, Melaka. Information was clearly broken down (rate evaluation and overt repetition). The announcements mostly showed that the students had computers or PDAs and a web relationship at home. In addition, the cut-off point and applicability to use computers were found to be high (> 93%). Coincidentally, their inspiration in electronic learning was low (41.5%) and the capacity to work in an event was at a moderate level (66.7%). They similarly agreed that typical training (eye to eye) was great for their learning (98%). These revelations are great for the public power, principals, instructors and gatekeepers to see the significance of remarkable work environments and a consistent web relationship for productive learning.
cross-sectional study of spirometry parameters in smokers, non-smokers, and ex-smokers in software engineers of an it company in the western part of Maharashtra
Authors: Baburdikar Rupali S , Khake Sonali A
Published: May 2022

Background: Smoking causes deterioration in lung functions and spirometry can be helpful to diagnose it early. Smoking is a major risk factor associated with the development of COPD which can be prevented by cessation of smoking. The purpose of the study was to know, whether there was any difference in the spirometry parameters in smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers. Objective: To Compare spirometric parameters i.e   FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, and PEFR in smokers, non-smokers & ex-smokers.Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 322 Software Engineers. Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained before the study. Spirometry (Computerized Spirometer Helios 401) or recording lung parameters was done on individuals who were willing to participate and met the inclusion criteria. Results: Our study showed that the spirometry parameters FEV1, FVC & FEV1/FVC ratio was lower in smokers as compared to non-smokers & ex-smokers. There was significant difference in spirometry parameters in the three groups FVC (p < 0.001), FEV1 (p < 0.001), FEV1/FVC (p < 0.001), FEF25-75 (p < 0.01) and PEFR (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The present study showed spirometry parameters in smokers were significantly lower than in non-smokers.
Anatomical morphometry of superior articular surface of proximal end of dried human tibiae in Rajasthan population
Authors: Lamba Suman , Chauhan Sangita , Meena Saroj Lata , Mathur Ashima
Published: May 2022

Background: The geometric mismatch between patient anatomy and implant components responsible for failure of knee replacement surgeries. Aim of the study: To study anatomical morphometry of superior articular surface of proximal end of dried human tibiae in Rajasthan population. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur. The study period was from approval of plan till 15th December 2019. The study is a descriptive type of observational study. 120 dry tibiae (60 right sided and 60 left sided) were required as sample size. Results: The difference in the mean AP diameter of medial condyle between right and left side was found to be statistically non-significant. The difference in the mean transverse diameter of the medial condyle values between right and left side was found to be statistically non-significant. The difference in the mean AP diameter of the lateral condyle between right and left side was found to be statistically non-significant. The difference in the mean transverse diameter of the lateral condyle between right and left side was found to be statistically non-significant.
Corporate governance practices and its impact on the financial performance of microfinance institutions in India
Authors: Hussain Khushboo , Gupta Hariom , Kumar Vishal , Rai Mayank Kumar
Published: May 2022

The Cadbury report (1992) has defined corporate governance as the “system by which companies are directed and controlled”. Explicitly CG is the framework in which stakeholders’ interests are to be balanced. Good governance practices have been observed as the key ingredient of microfinance institutions (MFIs) as it ventures to aid social and financial objectives. In this paper, we have examined the corporate governance practices in microfinance institutions (MFIs) and investigated the impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of the microfinance institutions (MFIs). Keyboard features are(board size, independent directors, independent audit committee) that have effects on the financial performance of the microfinance institutions of India. We have used 60 Indian companies as a sample and took 600 observations from selected companies, the time duration of the study is from 2016-2021. The audit committee has a negative impact on the performance, it doesn’t help in improving the monitoring and transparency of the firm. We found that the board size and audit committee have a significant impact on the performance, the corporate governance has a moderate impact on the financial performance of the Micro financing institutions.
Effects of post COVID-19 lockdown on educational pedagogy
Authors: Ali Sahil , Tiwari Aman , Kumar Alok , Dadwal Akshay Kumar , Negi Jayant , Pandya Digvijay
Published: May 2022

Background: The end of 2019 marked the beginning of the global pandemic COVID-19. With this global issue, all the fields of society became stagnant. The education system is no exception to it. Education sector suffered as students were sent back to homes and schools, colleges and universities were shut down. But steps were taken and the education teaching system was shifted from offline to online mode. This research project examines the educational pedagogy which has been adapted in online mode of teaching due to post COVID-19 lockdown. It seeks to discover the pros and cons of online teaching vis-a-vis the ways of offline conduct of classes. The data for the project has been gathered in the form of an online survey in which both teachers and students were given questionnaires which are used to map and understand different pedagogical choices during online teaching. It also tries to highlight the comparative value, compatibility and usefulness of digital mode of learning.
Ensuring the safety of clinical instruction in optometry schools at the university level
Authors: Khan Rakibul Hasan
Published: May 2022

Global propagation of COVID-19 epidemic has been ongoing for months. There have been unprecedented changes in everyday social interactions because of the virus's characteristics, including its ease of transmission from one person to another and the serious clinical course it has taken in certain cases. Optometry schools around the world were forced to temporarily halt large portions of clinical instruction. The difficulties that optometry schools faced in the early to mid-2020s are discussed in this article. Six universities from five nations on four continents share their insights in this study. COVID-19 presents a number of obstacles, but there are ways to minimise the danger of virus transmission and provide safe clinical optometric education. Optometric education can be improved, according to this report.
Effect of serotonin and thyroid stimulating hormone in criminal behavior of Iraqi males
Authors: Radhi Mohammed Ahmed , Hadi Maysaa Adil
Published: May 2022

Aim: Investigate the role of serotonin and thyroid stimulating hormone and their relationship with criminal behavior in Iraqi males prisoners. Method: A questionnaire was taken including the age, marital status, duration of imprisonment, residence, previous delinquency, educational level, and type of crime. Blood samples were taken from all of subjects involved in this study which was 80 (40 prisoners and 40 healthy control). All prisoners and control were from the same ethnic group (Arabic). Measurement of serotonin and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations was performed for criminals and control groups. seR ults: The results showed that the 21-30 years age group of criminals prisoners were more frequent 17(42.5%) than control 3(7.5%) followed by age group 31-40 years which was 13(32.5%) compared to control 24(60%), whereas the percentage was 10 (25 %) in 41-50 years age group compared to control group 13(32.5%). According to educational level, most of the prisoners had no degree or at primary school 15(37.5%) followed by those with secondary school 10(25%) compared to the control group who had primary school 16(40%) was more frequent followed by university degree 11(27.5%) then secondary school 8(20%) and diploma degree 5(12.5%).
The incidence of malignancy in patients with thyroid nodules
Authors: Yaseen Habeeb Ali , Abbas Adel Khdair
Published: May 2022

Background: Thyroid nodules are extremely common with a prevalence about 20 – 76% of adult population. Thyroid cancer is present in about 5% of nodules, even though rates as high as 15% have been reported. To determine whether the nodule is benign or malignant, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA biopsy) is the clinical procedure of choice.

Objective: to evaluate thyroid nodules in order to determine the incidence of malignancy in these nodules. Patient and Methods: A prospective study was conducted among 415 patients presented with thyroid nodules in the surgical outpatient clinic in Al – Kadhimain medical city from February 2020 to February 2022. Patients between  15 t0 75 years of age, both male and female patients, were included in this study. The assessment was done by thorough history, clinical examination, thyroid profile test, neck ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology. After fine needle aspiration, diagnostic cytology was classified according to British Thyroid Association guidelines as THY1: non diagnostic, THY2: benign (non - neoplastic), THY3: intermediate (including follicular neoplasm), THY4: suspicion of malignancy and THY5: diagnostic of malignancy.
Evaluation of the combined effect of naringin and imatinib in philadelphia positive chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Gudimetla Kiranmai , Orsu Prabhakar
Published: May 2022

The combined effect of Naringin (NAR) and Imatinib mesylate (IMT) in Philadelphia positive chronic myeloid leukaemia was studied in vitro and in silico in this study. The chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative hematopoietic cancer caused by a chromosomal translocation t (9;22). (q34; q11). IMT, a Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor that targets the BCR-ABL oncoprotein, is a first-line treatment for CML. IMT is related with the development of resistance due to mutation of Abl kinase domain. Natural compounds generated from plants have been linked to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and fewer adverse effects in cancer patients. Flavonoids, for example, are physiologically active substances with anti-cancer capabilities that influence a number of cellular signalling pathways suppressing a variety of malignancies. The primary goal of combining synthetic medications with phytochemicals is to achieve a therapeutic activity with the greatest pharmacological efficacy. Targeting AKT with flavonoid (NAR) compounds in conjunction with IMT treatment could be extremely beneficial in CML through additive processes. The combined effect of IMT and NAR in the treatment of CML was assessed using a silico molecular docking and long-term in vitro cytotoxicity assay on K562 cells.
Disseminated Nocardia infection in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosis
Authors: Manyam Anandamuni , Pichika Karthik , Kumar J. S. , Devi Geetha , Publishing Lakshmanan , Narayan Ashwin , Natarajan Vishal
Published: May 2022

28 year old female who was under treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus with oral prednisolone for 4 months presented with history of fever with chills, productive sputum, pleuritic chest pain, exertional breathlessness, anorexia and was found to have signs of pneumonia clinically on the right side. She also gave history of gradual painful diminution of vision in her left eye and two episodes of generalized tonic clonic seizures just prior to admission. Despite empirical treatment with antibiotics, her condition gradually deteriorated. A computer tomography – thorax (HRCT), showed linear and nodular opacities in right middle lobe segments and right medial basal segment along with homogenous opacity with multiple cavitations noted in the lower lobe of right lung with air bronchogram. MRI- brain  showed multiple conglomerate foci of ring enhancing lesions with moderate surrounding edema seen in bilateral cerebral hemispheres, irregular thickening of choroid seen in left eye with hyperintense vitreous cavity showing blooming. CSF did not show any abnormality. Nocardia farcinica was isolated from the vitreous. Diagnosis of Disseminated nocardiosis involving lungs, brain and left eye was made.