bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional components from carbon concrete composite C3 – integrated, textile-based sensor solutions for in situ structural monitoring of adaptive building envelopes
Authors: Haentzsche Eric , Frauendorf Moritz , Nocke Andreas , Cherif Chokri , Reichardt Michaela , Butler Marko , Mechtcherine Viktor
Published: September 2017

This contribution will introduce carbon-reinforced concrete components (so-called carbon concrete composites, or C3) with sensor functionalities for innovative building envelopes. For a continuous in situ structural monitoring, these textile-reinforced concrete components are equipped with textile sensor networks consisting of resistive carbon fiber sensors (CFSs), which are integrated into the carbon fiber non-crimp fabrics of the concrete reinforcement by multiaxial warp-knitting. The in situ CFSs, consisting of 1 k or 50 k carbon fiber roving with added staple fiber/multifilament dielectric cladding, are later integral to the load-distributing elements of the concrete component, and elongations within these are easy to record with good correlation to ohmic resistance changes. Gage factors of k = 0.52–1.23 at linearity deviations of ALin = 4.0–8.7% are feasible. This allows a monitoring of C3 building envelopes for structural mechanical changes caused by physical changes within the component through mechanical or thermal loads or deformation and cracks.
An event-triggered approach to finite-time observer-based control for Markov jump systems with repeated scalar nonlinearities
Authors: Li Jingyu , Shen Liang , Yao Fengqi , Zhao Huanyu , Wang Jing
Published: September 2017

This paper studies the issue of finite-time observer-based control via an event-triggered scheme for Markov jump repeated scalar nonlinear systems. An observer-based controller via an event-triggered scheme is proposed, which can save the limited network communication bandwidth effectively, so that the resulting error system is stochastically finite-time bounded. Based on the positive definite diagonally dominant matrix and the Lyapunov function technique, a sufficient condition is presented for the solvability of the addressed problem, and the desired observer-based controller can be constructed via a convex optimization problem. In the end, a simulation example is employed to show the validity and practicability of the proposed design method.
Event-triggered fault detection for linear stochastic systems
Authors: Yu Jinyong , Ning Zhaoke , Liu Yu
Published: September 2017

In this paper, the event-triggered fault-detection problem is investigated for Itô-type stochastic systems. A filter structure is used to construct a residual model for fault detection. For limited network resources, a novel event-triggered strategy is proposed, while a trigger condition is utilized to determine and transmit the useful data through the network. Compared with the traditional periodic release strategy, the proposed design approach can significantly reduce the utilization of network bandwidth. A new condition is proposed to achieve the mean-square asymptotical stability of the residual model with the desired fault-detection objective. A novel algorithm is derived to obtain the parameters of the filter and the event detector. Two simulation cases are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the design strategy.
Retrofitting existing buildings to control indoor PM2.5 concentration on smog days: Initial experience of residential buildings in China
Authors: Chu Yiyi , Xu Peng , Yang Zhiwei , Li Weilin
Published: September 2017

Severe smog days in many parts of developing countries, such as China and India, have drawn worldwide attention. This study aims at integrating various building retrofitting methods of existing buildings to control indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentrations. Methods are such as airtightness improvement, room pressure control, recycling air filtration and combinations of the above. The study verifies the effectiveness of each control method to reduce the indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentration below 25 µg/m3 under certain outdoor conditions in building. Measurements and modelling are conducted for different outdoor particle concentration scenarios under different control strategies at an apartment in Shanghai, China. Overall, the retrofitting methods depend on outdoor smog circumstances and building structures. Therefore, it would be wise to choose appropriate control method depending on outdoor particulate matter 2.5 concentrations. This is the first time that various existing residential building retrofitting strategies are integrated jointly and the combination of different control methods are tested to ensure indoor air quality under different outdoor conditions. To validate the generality of these control strategies, a simulation model is developed and calibrated against experimental data under different scenarios. The variation of the indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentration in an extremely bad day is simulated and the influencing factors including infiltration air change rate, air volume and filter efficiency are all analyzed according to the model. The results and conclusions of this study can be used in many parts of the worlds, when building occupants have to choose proper equipment or retrofitting methods to control their indoor air quality.

Practical application: The building retrofitting methods introduced in this article could be used in any residential building to control indoor particulate matter 2.5 concentrations continuously below 25 µg/m3 under different outdoor conditions.
Efficacy of Adjuvant Magnesium for Posttonsillectomy Morbidity in Children: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Cho Hye Kyung , Park In Joon , Yoon Ho Young , Hwang Se Hwan
Published: September 2017

Objectives

The perioperative administration of magnesium is known to reduce postoperative morbidities in adults, such as pain, agitation, and laryngospasm. The objective is to assess the effects of perioperative magnesium as the adjuvant to tonsillectomy as compared with tonsillectomy in children.

Data Source

Five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane).

Method

Two authors independently searched databases up to January 2017. We compared perioperative magnesium administration (magnesium groups) with no administration of magnesium (control group). The following outcomes were measured: postoperative pain intensity, analgesics administration, or other morbidities (laryngospasm, agitation, postoperative bleeding) in the postoperative 24 hours. Additionally, to evaluate the discrepancy of effects according to different administration routes, subgroup analyses regarding effects according to systemic or local administration of magnesium were performed.

Results

Nine prospective randomized controlled studies (n = 615) that evaluated the effect of magnesium in children having undergone tonsillectomy met inclusion criteria. Compared with control group, the time for first analgesic requirement was significantly delayed in magnesium groups (standardized mean difference = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.20‐1.31; P =. 0079). Laryngospasm (log odds ratio = −1.09; 95% CI,−2.11 to −0.07; P =. 0362) and agitation score (standardized mean difference = −0.67; 95% CI, −0.97 to −0.36; P <. 0001) in the recovery room also significantly decreased in magnesium groups. In subgroup analyses regarding pain and laryngospasm‐related measurements, local administration of magnesium was shown to be more effective at reducing postoperative morbidities.

Conclusions

Perioperative magnesium regardless of route may offer pain, agitation, and laryngospasm relief without adverse effects in pediatric tonsillectomy. Based on the high heterogeneity of results within some parameters, further studies need to be performed to affirm these results.
The indirect costs of palliative care in end-stage cancer: A real-life longitudinal register- and questionnaire-based study
Authors: Haltia Olli , Färkkilä Niilo , Roine Risto Paavo , Sintonen Harri , Taari Kimmo , Hänninen Juha , Lehto Juho Tuomas , Saarto Tiina
Published: September 2017

Background:

Palliative care needs are increasing as more people are dying from incurable diseases. Healthcare costs have been reported to be highest during the last year of life, but studies on the actual costs of palliative care are scarce.

Aim:

To explore the resource use and costs of palliative care among end-stage breast, colorectal and prostate cancer patients after termination of life-prolonging oncological treatments, that is, during the palliative care period.

Design:

A real-life longitudinal register- and questionnaire-based study of cancer patients’ resource use and costs.

Participants:

In total, 70 patients in palliative care with no ongoing oncological treatments were recruited from the Helsinki University Hospital or from the local hospice. Healthcare costs, productivity costs and informal care costs were included.

Results:

The mean duration of the palliative care period was 179 days. The healthcare cost accounted for 55%, informal care for 27% and productivity costs for 18% of the total costs. The last 2 weeks of life contributed to 37% of the healthcare cost. The costs of the palliative care period were higher in patients living alone, which was mostly caused by inpatient care ( p = 0.018).

Conclusion:

The 45% share of indirect costs is substantial in end-of-life care. The healthcare costs increase towards death, which is especially true of patients living alone. This highlights the significant role of caregivers. More attention should be paid to home care and caregiver support to reduce inpatient care needs and control the costs of end-of-life care.
Delayed intranasal infusion of human amnion epithelial cells improves white matter maturation after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep
Authors: van den Heuij Lotte G , Fraser Mhoyra , Miller Suzanne L , Jenkin Graham , Wallace Euan M , Davidson Joanne O , Lear Christopher A , Lim Rebecca , Wassink Guido , Gunn Alistair J , Bennet Laura
Published: September 2017

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury remains highly associated with neurodevelopmental disability after preterm birth. There is increasing evidence that disability is linked with impaired white matter maturation, but there is no specific treatment. In this study, we evaluated whether, in preterm fetal sheep, delayed intranasal infusion of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) given 1, 3 and 10 days after severe HI, induced by umbilical cord occlusion for 25 min, can restore white matter maturation or reduce delayed cell loss. After 21 days recovery, asphyxia was associated with reduced electroencephalographic (EEG) maturation, brain weight and cortical area, impaired maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs), no significant loss of total OLs but a marked reduction in immature/mature OLs and reduced myelination. Intranasal infusion of hAECs was associated with improved brain weight and restoration of immature/mature OLs and fractional area of myelin basic protein, with reduced microglia and astrogliosis. Cortical EEG frequency distribution was partially improved, with reduced loss of cortical area, and attenuated cleaved-caspase-3 expression and microgliosis. Neuronal survival in deep grey matter nuclei was improved, with reduced microglia, astrogliosis and cleaved-caspase-3-positive apoptosis. These findings suggest that delayed intranasal hAEC administration has potential to alleviate chronic dysmaturation after perinatal HI.
Understanding the Emergence and Persistence of Mandated Collaboration: A Policy Feedback Perspective of the United States’s Model to Address Homelessness
Authors: Hafer Joseph A.
Published: September 2017

Collaboration is commonplace in contemporary public administration. In many instances, policy mandates collaboration between previously unconnected organizations for those organizations to obtain essential funding for public services, thus creating new administrative structures grounded in collaboration. There exists substantial research that focuses on the collaborative process and potential outcomes of these structures, yet their emergence and development is less understood. The Housing and Urban Development (HUD) continuum of care (CoC) model is one such collaborative structure that has been the dominant administrative service delivery system used to address homelessness in the United States since the early 1990s. A historical analysis reveals that policy feedback effects help explain the emergence and persistence of the CoC model from before its origin to its eventual codification in the Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act of 2009. A policy feedback perspective of the CoC model demonstrates how the interplay of policy, politics, and administration led to a mandate to collaborate to address a large-scale social problem.
Magnetic resonance feature of “paintbrush borders” sign as a novel way to predict recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone after curettage: a pilot study
Authors: He Yifeng , Wang Jun , Zhang Ji , Du Lianjun , Lu Yong , Xu Jianqiang , Yuan Fei , Tan Yimin , Ding Xiaoyi
Published: September 2017

Objective

To identify the prognostic factors for local recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) through assessment of the preoperative imaging features of the tumor border.

Methods

Patients with GCTBs treated with intralesional procedures in the proximal tibia and distal femur were prospectively enrolled and then followed up for at least 2 years. The GCTBs were grouped according to their preoperative imaging features. GCTBs treated with en bloc resection were enrolled for investigation of the pathologic basis of specific imaging features. Differences between rates were evaluated by the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test; independent factors were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Fifty-three patients were enrolled and successfully followed up. Relapse occurred in 22 patients. Patients with a “paintbrush borders” sign (n = 21) had a significantly higher rate of local recurrence (71.43%) than patients without this sign (21.88%). The “paintbrush borders” sign was identified as an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence. Other imaging features were not significantly associated with recurrence. The “paintbrush borders” sign showed a correlation with local invasion of bone.

Conclusion

The “paintbrush borders” sign on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging is an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence of GCTB.
A Disability Studies in Education Analysis of the edTPA Through Teacher Candidate Perspectives
Authors: Bacon Jessica , Blachman Sheila
Published: September 2017

This analysis of the Special Education edTPA is written by two professors who co-taught a student teaching seminar at one institution and supported the first groups of teacher candidates required to submit the edTPA for certification in New York State. Data were gathered over three semesters and included open-ended student surveys, student journals, and public documents. Findings describe (a) how the edTPA requirements impacted teacher candidate learning, (b) the emphasis on one focus learner in the exam, (c) the discourse and language demands in the edTPA, and (d) how the edTPA and videotaping impacted fieldwork. We describe these findings and discuss their implications for inclusive and Special Education as understood through a disability studies in education perspective.
Study on the new friction stir spot weld joint reinforcement technique on 5754 aluminum alloy
Authors: Andalib Hossein , Farahani Mohammadreza , Enami Moeen
Published: September 2017

In this study, new friction stir spot welding method was developed using two different tools in order to create a spot weld without keyhole. The effects of process parameters and tool geometry were considered to improve the weld joint properties. The shear-tensile tests and microstructure study showed that the new method could offer superior performance in comparison to conventional friction stir spot welding. By controlling the process parameters, spot welds with strength about 37% higher than the conventional friction stir spot welds were obtained. The stir zone grain size of the prepared samples in the optimum welding conditions was decreased about four times than the base metal. It was observed that the tool plunge depth in both welding and refilling steps play a key role in creating a sound high strength welded joint. The failure load of the spot welds manufactured by concave shoulder was found to be about 7% higher than the failure load of the prepared spot welds by the flat shoulder.
Reduction of vertical abnormal vibration in carbodies of low-floor railway trains by using a dynamic vibration absorber
Authors: Wang Qunsheng , Zeng Jing , Wei Lai , Zhou Cheng , Zhu Bin
Published: September 2017

A field test on the dynamic performance of a 100% low-floor railway train with five cars was conducted, and a vertical vibration at around 8 Hz was mainly studied for the background of the research. The vibration around 8 Hz, defined as the abnormal vertical vibration, was proved to be due to the pitching motion of the carbodies, which significantly affected the dynamic performance of the vehicle with a maximum increase of 0.309 in the vertical Sperling index. The dynamic vibration absorber theory was applied to reduce the abnormal vibration of carbodies to around 8 Hz by building a vertical mathematic model and a three-dimensional dynamical simulation model. The results of the theoretical analysis show that the stiffness of the articulated device between carbodies is the reason for the pitching motions at around 8 Hz, and the stiffness significantly affects the main frequency of the vertical vibration of carbodies. What’s more, the application of dynamic vibration absorber theory on low-floor railway trains can reduce the vertical abnormal vibration effectively. Yet, reasonable suspension parameters are needed; otherwise, the vibration of carbodies, including the mass ratio, the suspension frequency, the damping ratio, and the suspended location would be aggravated. Optimal suspension parameters of the dynamic vibration absorber system were used in the simulation model, and the result shows a good agreement with the numerical results; the attached dynamic vibration absorber system on carbodies significantly reduces the vibration of carbodies at around 8 Hz. However, it should be noted that the dynamic vibration absorber is only effective at high-speed stage (beyond 40 km/h) where the pitching motion of carbodies is obvious; this conclusion is consistent with the results of the field test.
Debunking: A Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Efficacy of Messages Countering Misinformation
Authors: Chan Man-pui Sally , Jones Christopher R. , Hall Jamieson Kathleen , Albarracín Dolores
Published: September 2017

This meta-analysis investigated the factors underlying effective messages to counter attitudes and beliefs based on misinformation. Because misinformation can lead to poor decisions about consequential matters and is persistent and difficult to correct, debunking it is an important scientific and public-policy goal. This meta-analysis ( k = 52, N = 6,878) revealed large effects for presenting misinformation ( ds = 2.41–3.08), debunking ( ds = 1.14–1.33), and the persistence of misinformation in the face of debunking ( ds = 0.75–1.06). Persistence was stronger and the debunking effect was weaker when audiences generated reasons in support of the initial misinformation. A detailed debunking message correlated positively with the debunking effect. Surprisingly, however, a detailed debunking message also correlated positively with the misinformation-persistence effect.
Gossiping About Deviance: Evidence That Deviance Spurs the Gossip That Builds Bonds
Authors: Peters Kim , Jetten Jolanda , Radova Dagmar , Austin Kacie
Published: September 2017

We propose that the gossip that is triggered when people witness behaviors that deviate from social norms builds social bonds. To test this possibility, we showed dyads of unacquainted students a short video of everyday campus life that either did or did not include an incident of negative or positive deviance (dropping or cleaning up litter). Study 1 showed that participants in the deviance conditions reported having a greater understanding of campus social norms than those in the control condition; they also expressed a greater desire to gossip about the video. Study 2 found that when given the opportunity, participants did gossip about the deviance, and this gossip was associated with increased norm clarification and (indirectly) social cohesion. These findings suggest that gossip may be a mechanism through which deviance can have positive downstream social consequences.
Genetic variation and risk of DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Iranian formaldehyde-exposed workers
Authors: Zendehdel Rezvan , Abdolmaleki Parviz , Jouni Fatemeh Javani , Mazinani Mohammad
Published: September 2017

Formaldehyde (FA) has given positive results for the genetic damage evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Polymorphism plays a special role in the toxicity of chemicals. DNA damage in blood cells was evaluated in workers who were occupationally exposed to FA. This study tested the association of alcohol dehydrogenase III (ADH3) and manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) gene polymorphism, with DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 54 workers from melamine dinnerware workshops and 34 workers from dairy production workshops. The control and exposed population were matched based on age, smoking, work history and socioeconomic status. DNA damage was evaluated by alkaline comet assay in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. ADH3 and Mn-SOD genotypes were determined in all workers using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. DNA damage of lymphocyte cells was significantly higher ( p < 0.001) in the exposed individuals in comparison with the control population. The examinations of the exposed group had revealed significantly higher ( p < 0.01) variant of Val/Val of Mn-SOD compared to control group. In workers with ADH32–2 variant, significantly higher levels of DNA damage ( p < 0.01) were observed than the control population with the same genotype. It could be concluded that enzymes involved in the metabolism of FA and oxidative stress controlling are two important effective parameters for DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in exposed people. These results are regarded as a pioneer investigation for the management of health risks assessment.
Relationship between ethical ideology and moral judgment: Academic nurse educators’ perception
Authors: Abou Hashish Ebtsam Aly , Ali Awad Nadia Hassan
Published: September 2017

Background:

Ascertaining the relationship between ethical ideology, moral judgment, and ethical decision among academic nurse educators at work appears to be a challenge particularly in situations when they are faced with a need to solve an ethical problem and make a moral decision.

Purpose:

This study aims to investigate the relationship between ethical ideology, moral judgment, and ethical decision as perceived by academic nurse educators.

Methods:

A descriptive correlational research design was conducted at Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University. All academic nurse educators were included in the study (N = 220). Ethical Position Questionnaire and Questionnaire of Moral Judgment and Ethical Decisions were proved reliable to measure study variables.

Ethical considerations:

Approval was obtained from Ethics Committee at Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University. Privacy and confidentiality of data were maintained and assured by obtaining subjects’ informed consent.

Findings:

This study reveals a significant positive moderate correlation between idealism construct of ethical ideology and moral judgment in terms of recognition of the behavior as an ethical issue and the magnitude of emotional consequences of the ethical situation (p < 0.001; p = 0.031) respectively. Also, there is a positive significant moderate correlation between relativism construct of ethical ideology and overall moral judgment (p = 0.010). Approximately 3.5% of the explained variance of overall moral judgment is predicted by idealism together with relativism.

Discussion:

The findings suggest that variations in ethical position and ideology are associated with moral judgment and ethical decision.

Conclusion:

Organizations of academic nursing education should provide a supportive work environment to help their academic staff to develop their self-awareness and knowledge of their ethical position and promoting their ethical ideologies and, in turn, enhance their moral judgment as well as develop ethical reasoning and decision-making capability of nursing students. More emphasis in nursing curricula is needed on ethical concepts for developing nursing competencies.
Academic ethical awareness among undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Cho Ok-Hee , Hwang Kyung-Hye
Published: September 2017

Background:

Academic ethical awareness is an important aspect especially for nursing students who will provide ethical nursing care to patients in future or try to tread the path of learning toward professional acknowledgement in nursing scholarship.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore academic ethical awareness and its related characteristics among undergraduate nursing students.

Methods:

This study commenced the survey with cross-sectional, descriptive questions and enrolled convenient samples of 581 undergraduate nursing students from three universities in South Korea. It was investigated with structured questionnaires including general characteristics and academic ethical awareness related.

Ethical considerations:

This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at National University.

Findings:

Academic ethical awareness was the highest regarding behaviors violating the respect or confidentiality of patients and cheating on exams, while it was the lowest for inappropriate behaviors in class. From the result of general characteristics difference, male students showed higher score than female students in relative; first-year students showed higher score than other year students; the higher score was rated from students who were highly satisfied with their major than the other not satisfied with their major; and students with low academic stress showed higher ethical awareness score than persons with higher stress.

Conclusion:

Personal behaviors were rated with low ethical awareness in relative, but items related to public rules and actual effects on patients or others were rated with higher score. Nursing satisfaction and academic stress are main factors on ethical awareness. To improve overall ethical awareness level of nursing students, it is required to provide more education about the importance of personal behaviors in class and need to improve the understanding of how it will be connected with future situation and effect.
Book Review: Madhusree Dutta, Kaushik Bhaumik and Rohan Shivkumar (Eds), Project Cinema City
Authors: Thomas Rosie
Published: September 2017

Madhusree Dutta, Kaushik Bhaumik and Rohan Shivkumar (Eds), Project Cinema City. Designed by Sherna Dastur. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2013, 560 pp., ₹3,500 (Hardback), ISBN 978-93-82381-22-8
Examining the Feasibility of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Self-Help for Problematic Pornography Viewing
Authors: Levin Michael E. , Heninger Scott T. , Pierce Benjamin G. , Twohig Michael P.
Published: September 2017

This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) self-help program for problematic pornography viewing (PV). A sample of 19 adults seeking help for problematic PV was recruited in an open trial. Participants reported adequate program acceptability, although only 45% of those completing postassessment read at least half of the self-help book. Significant improvements on problematic PV and cognitive fusion were found over the 8-week intervention period, with effects sustaining at 8-week follow-up. Participants who read more improved more on PV problems and psychological inflexibility. Overall, an ACT self-help approach appears feasible and potentially efficacious for PV.
Examining Instructor and Learner Experiences and Attitude Change in a Journalism for Social Change Massive Open Online Course: A Mixed-Methods Case Study
Authors: Loizzo Jamie , Watson Sunnie Lee , Watson William R.
Published: September 2017

This study examined instructor and learner experiences in a Journalism for Social Change (JSC) Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) designed to introduce learners around the world to constructive, solutions-based journalism techniques, as well as engage learners in developing news stories promoting positive change about critical child welfare (CW) issues. Mixed-methods were used to identify five themes across instructor and learner experiences. Results suggest MOOCs have the potential to increase learners’ journalism content knowledge and to mobilize citizen journalists around social justice topics impacting communities. This study adds to an ongoing body of work investigating MOOC design for changing attitudes.
Baroque, Breakout, and Education Without Organs
Authors: Eakle A. Jonathan
Published: September 2017

The present assemblage ( agencement) is derived from Deleuze’s ideas and affect theory. It is comprised of concepts and affects fueled by art to point toward an education without organs and with the goal of dismantling institutional structures, processes, and ideas. In this assemblage, concepts are used as method to produce a language text and an oil painting that is drawn from the Baroque and intended to realize affects and sensations.
Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Tracheal Dehiscence Post–Tracheal Resection Surgery
Authors: Kim Sang , Khromava Maryna , Zerillo Jeron , Silvay George , Levine Adam I.
Published: September 2017

We present a case of a patient with complete tracheal dehiscence and multiple false passages after recent tracheal resection and anastomosis. Loss of tracheal continuity after disruption of anastomosis with distal stump retraction presents a unique anesthetic challenge given lack of access to the trachea and the need for adequate anesthesia and analgesia for surgical neck dissection. Traditional airway management, including awake fiberoptic intubation, intubation via direct laryngoscopy, needle cricothyrotomy, and awake tracheostomy are not viable options. Using total intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation, surgeons dissected the neck, retrieved the distal tracheal stump, repaired the trachea, and formalized the tracheostomy. We highlight the importance of recognizing the symptoms of a tracheal rupture, understanding the extreme limitation of securing the airway with traditional techniques, and discuss the alternative techniques including use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to avoid airway management. Awareness of increased mortality risk with tracheal reoperation and the significance of close communication between the anesthesiologists, the surgeons, and the patient is necessary for successful management.
Reflexivity and the insider/outsider discourse in indigenous research: my personal experiences
Authors: Kwame Abukari
Published: September 2017

This article is a contribution to the ongoing discussions on who should conduct indigenous research and problematizes the notion of insider/outsider discourse in indigenous research. Drawing on my personal experiences in the form of case studies, I argue that self-locating in indigenous research is complex given that researcher self-positioning is not normally done by the researcher but through a process of negotiation with the participants. I argue that insofar as indigenous peoples, communities and problems are not islands onto themselves, immune to the current global flows, processes and barriers, indigenous research cannot be reserved only for indigenous scholars and peoples. Instead, I propose a reflexive researching model as a research framework which should be incorporated into an indigenous research methodology which both indigenous and allied non-indigenous researchers could draw upon. This demands a reflexive practice that is guided by the philosophical underpinnings of the indigenous research paradigm.
Bioinformatics Study of m.9053G>A Mutation at theATP6Gene in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cataract Diseases
Authors: Permana Maksum *Iman , Saputra Sandy Risfi , Indrayati Nenden , Yusuf *Muhammad , Subroto Toto
Published: September 2017

The mitochondrial disease often associated with various illnesses in relation to the activity of cells metabolites and the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), including alteration in the mitochondrial DNA. The mutation of m.9053G>A at the ATP6 gene was found in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM type 2) and cataract. Therefore, this mutation is predicted to be clinical features of the 2 diseases. ATP6 gene encodes protein subunit of ATPase6, a part of ATP synthase, which is important in the electron transfer and proton translocation in intracellular respiration system. This study aims to investigate the mutation effect of m.9053G>A at the ATP6 gene (S167N) to the structure and function of ATPase6 using bioinformatics method. The structure of ATPase6 was constructed using homology modeling method. The crystal structure of bovine’s ATP synthase (Protein Data Bank ID 5FIL) was used as a template because of high sequence similarity (77%) and coverage (96%) of the input sequence. The effect of mutation was investigated at the proton translocation channel of ATPase6. It is predicted that the channel was disrupted due to changes in electrostatic potential from serine to asparagine. Furthermore, molecular docking suggests that water binding on the proton translocation channel in the S167N mutant was different from the wild type. The result of this study is hoped to be useful in the development of a new genetic marker for DM type 2 and cataract.
Territory, authority, expertise: Global governance and the counter-piracy assemblage
Authors: Bueger Christian
Published: September 2017

This article presents an empirical study that aims to draw out core elements of an assemblage theory of global governance. Situating assemblage theory in the third, practice-oriented generation of global governance research, I argue that it provides us with a feature-rich toolbox sensitive to the routine matters of international cooperation, the role of artefacts and the vitality of territories of governance. To showcase the advantages of an assemblage approach, I study a paradigmatic case: the organization of the international community’s fight against piracy off the coast of Somalia. This effort has not only been very successful, with no major piracy incident reported from 2012 to 2016, but also a ‘miracle’ that can be explained by the close cooperation of all actors involved. I zoom in on one of the core components of this cooperation, the so-called Best Management Practices, which organize state–industry relations. I present a detailed study of the making of the Best Management Practices and the territory of authority and expertise that it established, and show how it became a core tool of governance. The case study documents the analytical power of assemblage theory for understanding global governance.
What’s so ‘queer’ about coming out? Silent queers and theorizing kinship agonistically in Mumbai
Authors: Horton Brian A
Published: September 2017

What kinds of creative potential exist in silence – in not coming out? This ethnographic study takes the strategic silences that queer persons in Mumbai deploy regarding ‘coming out’ as productive for theorizing the connections between kinship and queerness. While some strands of queer critique conceptualize the relationship between kinship and queerness antagonistically, the author deploys the concept of agonistic intimacy outlined in Singh’s Poverty and the Quest for Life (2015) to consider how queers might inhabit heterosexual kinship networks through the interplay of contestation and submission. Silence, then, need not signal the image of the transnational queer in need of saving, but a mode of negotiating desires for respectability and queerness.
Something old, something new: Historicizing same-sex marriage within ongoing struggles over African marriage in South Africa
Authors: Yarbrough Michael W
Published: September 2017

This article examines contemporary struggles over same-sex marriage in the daily lives of black lesbian- and gay-identified South Africans. Based primarily on 21 in-depth interviews with such South Africans drawn from a larger project on post-apartheid South African marriage, the author argues that their current struggles for relationship recognition share much in common with contemporaneous struggles of their heterosexual counterparts, and that these commonalities reflect ongoing tensions between more extended-family and more dyadic understandings of African marriage. The increasing influence of dyadic understandings of marriage, and of associated ideals of romantic love, has helped inspire same-sex marriage claims and, in many cases, facilitate their acceptance. At the same time, continuing contestation over such understandings helps drive instances of opposition.
A detail simulation of reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion strategy in a heavy-duty diesel engine run on natural gas/diesel fuel
Authors: Ebrahimi Mojtaba , Najafi Mohammad , Jazayeri Seyed Ali , Mohammadzadeh Ali Reza
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate in details the effects of a number of combustion parameters to optimize the reactivity controlled compression ignition operation running on natural gas and diesel fuel. In the present work, a single-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine with a specially modified bathtub piston bowl profile for reactivity controlled compression ignition operation is studied and simulated through commercial software. A broad load range from 5.6 to 13.5 bar indicated mean effective pressure at a constant engine speed of 1300 r/min, fixed amount of diesel fuel mass, and with no exhaust gas recirculation is considered. The results from the developed model confirm that the model can accurately simulate the reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion. Also, by focusing on the time of formation of certain important radicals in combustion, the start of combustion and the time of natural gas dissociation are accurately predicted. Furthermore, the influence of some parameters such as different diesel fuel injection strategies, intake temperature, and intake pressure on the reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion is evaluated and the limitation of the engine operation at low temperature combustion is investigated.
Improving Hepatitis C Identification: Technology Alone Is Not the Answer
Authors: Nitsche Bruce , Miller Sara C. , Giorgio Margaret , Berry Carolyn A. , Muir Andrew
Published: September 2017

An estimated 3 to 5 million Americans are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and approximately 75% of those persons were born between 1945 and 1965 (the so-called baby boomer generation). Because of the largely asymptomatic nature of HCV, up to 50% of those infected are unaware of their disease. Risk-based testing has been largely ineffective. Based on prevalence data, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other organizations recommend a onetime HCV antibody test for all baby boomers. However, uptake of this recommendation requires significant changes in clinical practice for already busy primary care clinicians. We studied the effectiveness of a quality improvement initiative based on continuous audit and feedback combined with education for improving testing in alignment with guidelines; the control group was a cohort of clinicians whose only reminder was an institution-wide electronic health record prompt. Our data show improved testing rates among all clinician groups, but more significant improvement occurred among providers who received continuous feedback about their clinical performance coupled with education.
Anatomical Applicability of Endovascular Aneurysm Sealing Techniques in a Consecutive Cohort of Fenestrated Endovascular Aneurysm Repairs
Authors: Roy Iain N. , Gharib Menatalla , Zerwes Sebastian , Jakob Rudolf , Torella Francesco , McWilliams Richard G. , Fisher Robert K.
Published: September 2017

Purpose: To determine how many endovascular aneurysm sealing (EVAS) procedures with/without off-label use of chimneys (ChEVAS) could have been performed in a cohort of patients who had undergone fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR). Methods: Sixty patients (median age 76.3 years; 54 men) who underwent FEVAR in our institution between 2013 and 2015 were selected for the study. The median aneurysm diameter was 62.0 mm (interquartile range 59.3, 69.0). Preoperative computed tomography angiograms (CTA) were anonymized and sent to 2 physicians with experience of more than 40 ChEVAS interventions. These ChEVAS planners were blinded to the study purpose and asked to agree upon an EVAS/ChEVAS plan. The primary outcome was the percentage of the FEVAR patients in whom an EVAS/ChEVAS was technically possible. The secondary outcomes were a comparison of seal zones, number of target vessels, and device cost. Results: An EVAS-based intervention would have been technically possible in 56 (93.3%) of the FEVAR patients. The median proximal aortic seal zone was significantly more distal in the EVAS/ChEVAS procedures vs the FEVAR cases (zone 8 vs zone 7, p<0.001) and fewer target vessels were involved (median 2 vs 3, p<0.001). The cost of the EVAS/ChEVAS device was 66% of the FEVAR device. Planners would not currently advocate an EVAS-based intervention in 43 (76.8%) of these 56 patients due to concerns regarding the risk of migration associated with the lumen thrombus ratios observed. Conclusion: EVAS is technically feasible in the majority of patients undergoing FEVAR in our institution but currently advocated in only 23.2%. The seal zone was more distal, fewer target vessels were involved, and the device cost was lower in the planned EVAS/ChEVAS interventions.
Tissue engineering of urethra: Systematic review of recent literature
Authors: Žiaran Stanislav , Galambošová Martina , Danišovič L'uboš
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this article was to perform a systematic review of the recent literature on urethral tissue engineering. A total of 31 articles describing the use of tissue engineering for urethra reconstruction were included. The obtained results were discussed in three groups: cells, scaffolds, and clinical results of urethral reconstructions using these components. Stem cells of different origin were used in many experimental studies, but only autologous urothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes were applied in clinical trials. Natural and synthetic scaffolds were studied in the context of urethral tissue engineering. The main advantage of synthetic ones is the fact that they can be obtained in unlimited amount and modified by different techniques, but scaffolds of natural origin normally contain chemical groups and bioactive proteins which increase the cell attachment and may promote the cell proliferation and differentiation. The most promising are smart scaffolds delivering different bioactive molecules or those that can be tubularized. In two clinical trials, only onlay-fashioned transplants were used for urethral reconstruction. However, the very promising results were obtained from animal studies where tubularized scaffolds, both non-seeded and cell-seeded, were applied.

Impact statement

The main goal of this article was to perform a systematic review of the recent literature on urethral tissue engineering. It summarizes the most recent information about cells, seeded or non-seeded scaffolds and clinical application with respect to regeneration of urethra.
Using CBPR to Decrease Health Disparities in a Suburban Latino Neighborhood
Authors: Coffman Maren J. , de Hernandez Brisa Urquieta , Smith Heather A. , McWilliams Andrew , Taylor Yhenneko J. , Tapp Hazel , Schuch Johanna Claire , Furuseth Owen , Dulin Michael
Published: September 2017

Introduction:

This project tested the feasibility of using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to deliver health and social resources in two high-risk, suburban neighborhoods.

Method:

An established research network was used to engage stakeholders to design and deliver a neighborhood-based intervention targeting a Latino immigrant population. The intervention provided screenings for hypertension, diabetes, and depression; primary care provider visits; and information about navigating health care delivery systems and related community-based resources. Participants ( N = 216) were consented for participation and their subsequent use of health and social services were measured at baseline and 1 year post intervention.

Results:

At baseline, 5.1% of participants had health insurance, 16.7% had a primary care provider, and 38.4% had a chronic illness. SF-12 scores showed a majority of participants with low perceived health status (56%) and high risk for clinical depression (33%). Self-reported use of primary care services increased from 33.8% at baseline to 48% 1 year after the intervention, and 62% reported use of social services.

Conclusion:

Neighborhood-based interventions informed by a CBPR approach are effective in both identifying community members who lack access to health care–related services and connecting them into needed primary care and social services.
Parental Perceptions About Informed Consent/Assent in Pediatric Research in Jordan
Authors: Khabour Omar F. , Alomari Mahmoud A. , Al-sheyab Nihaya A.
Published: September 2017

The informed consent/assent process during enrollment in pediatric research is integral to protecting children from possible harm. Here we explored parents’ perceptions about the informed consent/assent process in Jordan. Therefore, focus group interviews were conducted that focused on the importance of consent/assent, the quality of the information provided during consent process, and the parents’ perceptions toward written/verbal informed consent. Content thematic analysis approach was adopted in the transcription and translation processes of the interviews. The majority of parents have an ethically acceptable understanding of many of the aspects related to consent/assent; however, some views were not consistent with the proper conduct of research. For example, some parents believed that informed consent is not required for questionnaire studies. Discrepancies were also noted regarding the appropriate age of a child’s assent. Some parents would force their child to participate. Thus, the development of Jordanian, culturally sensitive pediatric research guidelines is required.
Successful presurgical endovascular management of venous sinus thrombosis associated with high-grade cerebral arteriovenous malformation: A case report
Authors: Osada Yoshinari , Endo Hidenori , Sato Kenichi , Matsumoto Yasushi , Endo Toshiki , Fujimura Miki , Tominaga Teiji
Published: September 2017

We report a case of a 39-year-old man presenting with a high-grade left parieto-occipital arteriovenous malformation (AVM) complicated by superior sagittal sinus (SSS) stenosis, seven years after the first presentation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a newly developed perilesional edema. Venous sinus stenosis acutely progressed to occlusion and induced multiple intracerebral hemorrhages. An emergent balloon venoplasty of the SSS successfully recanalized the thrombosed sinus. Further, multistage transarterial nidus embolization was performed followed by surgical resection, resulting in a complete eradication of the large AVM. The emergence of perilesional edema is a key radiological feature for the early recognition of a newly developed venous drainage route disturbance, which would result in hemorrhagic events. Venous sinus thrombosis is a rare cause of drainage route disturbance in cerebral AVMs. For such cases, the recanalization of venous drainage concomitant with flow reduction by performing transarterial embolization is effective in preventing further hemorrhage, which enables a safe performance of subsequent radical surgery.