bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wound healing in the wild: stress, sociality and energetic costs affect wound healing in natural populations
Authors: Archie E. A.
Published: June 2013

Ecoimmunologists strive to understand how ecology and evolution shape immunity in natural populations. To date, ecoimmunologists have sometimes struggled to find measures of immunity that can be easily performed in nonmodel systems. One exception is variation in rates of cutaneous wound healing, which is a functionally important, integrative measure of immunity that combines cell‐mediated, inflammatory and even some Th2‐mediated processes. Here I review what is known about sources of variation in wound healing in wild populations, focusing on two key ecoimmunological questions: How and when does the stress response influence immune function? And how do energetic trade‐offs alter immunity? The results indicate that stress and energetic costs can suppress wound healing, but the effects depend on individuals' social and abiotic environments. I also discuss methods to measure wound healing in natural populations and useful directions for future research. Because wound healing has functional significance to organisms, can be measured in diverse species and integrates several immune processes, this measure of immunity is an especially valuable member of the ecoimmunological toolkit.
Characterization of GFRα‐1‐Positive and GFRα‐1‐Negative Spermatogonia in Neonatal Pig Testis
Authors: Lee KH , Lee WY , Kim JH , Yoon MJ , Kim NH , Kim JH , Uhm SJ , Kim DH , Chung HJ , Song H
Published: June 2013

Contents

Type A spermatogonia, including spermatogonial stem cells, are primary cells that maintain spermatogenesis and produce spermatozoa. Many spermatogonial markers have been reported in rodents. However, few markers have been identified in pig spermatogonia. Despite the lack of information, it is necessary to separate pure spermatogonial cells from whole testicular cells to understand the mechanism of spermatogenic meiosis and to establish spermatogonial stem cells for further biotechnological studies. The purpose of this study was to identify glial cell–derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha‐1 (GFRα‐1) as a surface marker for early spermatogonia in neonatal pig testes. Histological analysis of 3‐day‐old pig testes revealed that type A spermatogonia, which lack heterochromatin, could be distinguished in neonatal pig testes. Immunohistochemistry of neonatal pig testes with GFRα‐1 antibody identified that some of the spermatogonial cells expressed GFRα‐1 on the cell membrane. Co‐immunostaining with both GFRα‐1 and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) detected PGP 9.5 in all spermatogonia of neonatal pig testes, whereas GFRα‐1 was not detected on the surface of some PGP 9.5‐positive cells, indicating that some of the spermatogonial cells were PGP 9.5 positive and GFRα‐1 negative. After immunomagnetic cell sorting using a GFRα‐1 antibody, both GFRα‐1‐positive and GFRα‐1‐negative cells expressed PGP 9.5. Identifying the differential mRNA expression of both GFRα‐1‐positive and GFRα‐1‐negative cells using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the expression of promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger, octamer‐binding protein 4 and homeobox transcription factor in both cell types. These results suggest that GFRα‐1‐positive and GFRα‐1‐negative spermatogonia exist in PGP 9.5‐positive spermatogonia during the early stage of pig testes spermatogenesis, and that GFRα‐1 can be used for sorting PGP 9.5‐expressing spermatogonia.
Effect of Semen Collection Methods on the Quality of Pre‐ and Post‐thawed Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus) Spermatozoa
Authors: Sarsaifi K , Rosnina Y , Ariff MO , Wahid H , Hani H , Yimer N , Vejayan J , Win Naing S , Abas MO
Published: June 2013

Contents

This study was conducted to evaluate the response of Bali bulls (Bos javanicus) to different semen collection methods and their effects on fresh and post‐thawed semen quality. The collection methods employed were electro‐ejaculation (EE), transrectal massage (RM) and RM followed by EE (RM + EE). A total of 25 untrained Bali bulls (age between 2 and 4 years old) were subjected to the different semen collection methods. Fresh semen samples from all the 25 bulls were evaluated for volume, pH, general motility, live/dead ratio and abnormality using the conventional method. For fresh and frozen samples collected by EE and RM from 10 bulls, computer‐assisted semen analysis system was used for precise quantitative measurement of motility, velocity and forward progression. Accucell photometer was used to measure sperm concentration in all samples, regardless fresh and frozen. Semen samples were obtained 100% of the attempts using EE, 84% using RM and 96% using RM + EE. There were no differences among the collection methods for fresh semen quality characteristics, including motility, morphology and viability, but pH and volume were higher for EE than RM and RM + EE. Higher sperm concentration was observed in semen collected by RM than the other two methods. Different age groups (2–3 and >3–4 years old) of the bulls did not show significant differences in volume, pH, sperm concentration, percentages in motility, live/dead ratio and normal sperm morphology. The quality of semen for general and progressive motility, VAP, VSL and VCL and acrosomal integrity after thawing was higher for RM than EE. In conclusion, Bali bulls appeared to respond best to EE and the combination of RM + EE than RM, as a method of semen collection, with a shorter time of stimulation required. Differences in age of the Bali bulls did not affect the semen quality.
Cardosin A contains two vacuolar sorting signals using different vacuolar routes in tobacco epidermal cells
Authors: Pereira Cláudia , Pereira Susana , Satiat‐Jeunemaitre Béatrice , Pissarra José
Published: June 2013

Several vacuolar sorting determinants (VSDs) have been described for protein trafficking to the vacuoles in plant cells. Because of the variety in plant models, cell types and experimental approaches used to decipher vacuolar targeting processes, it is not clear whether the three well‐known groups of VSDs identified so far exhaust all the targeting mechanisms, nor if they reflect certain protein types or families. The vacuolar targeting mechanisms of the aspartic proteinases family, for instance, are not yet fully understood. In previous studies, cardosin A has proven to be a good reporter for studying the vacuolar sorting of aspartic proteinases. We therefore propose to explore the roles of two different cardosin A domains, common to several aspartic proteinases [i.e. the plant‐specific insert (PSI) and the C–terminal peptide VGFAEAA] in vacuolar sorting. Several truncated versions of the protein conjugated with fluorescent protein were made, with and without these putative sorting determinants. These domains were also tested independently, for their ability to sort other proteins, rather than cardosin A, to the vacuole. Fluorescent chimaeras were tracked in vivo, by confocal laser scanning microscopy, in Nicotiana tabacum cells. Results demonstrate that either the PSI or the C terminal was necessary and sufficient to direct fluorescent proteins to the vacuole, confirming that they are indeed vacuolar sorting determinants. Further analysis using blockage experiments of the secretory pathway revealed that these two VSDs mediate two different trafficking pathways.
Imaging heterogeneity of membrane and storage lipids in transgenic Camelina sativa seeds with altered fatty acid profiles
Authors: Horn Patrick J. , Silva Jillian E. , Anderson Danielle , Fuchs Johannes , Borisjuk Ljudmilla , Nazarenus Tara J. , Shulaev Vladimir , Cahoon Edgar B. , Chapman Kent D.
Published: June 2013

Engineering compositional changes in oilseeds is typically accomplished by introducing new enzymatic step(s) and/or by blocking or enhancing an existing enzymatic step(s) in a seed‐specific manner. However, in practice, the amounts of lipid species that accumulate in seeds are often different from what one would predict from enzyme expression levels, and these incongruences may be rooted in an incomplete understanding of the regulation of seed lipid metabolism at the cellular/tissue level. Here we show by mass spectrometry imaging approaches that triacylglycerols and their phospholipid precursors are distributed differently within cotyledons and the hypocotyl/radicle axis in embryos of the oilseed crop Camelina sativa, indicating tissue‐specific heterogeneity in triacylglycerol metabolism. Phosphatidylcholines and triacylglycerols enriched in linoleic acid (C18:2) were preferentially localized to the axis tissues, whereas lipid classes enriched in gadoleic acid (C20:1) were preferentially localized to the cotyledons. Manipulation of seed lipid compositions by heterologous over‐expression of an acyl–acyl carrier protein thioesterase, or by suppression of fatty acid desaturases and elongases, resulted in new overall seed storage lipid compositions with altered patterns of distribution of phospholipid and triacylglycerol in transgenic embryos. Our results reveal previously unknown differences in acyl lipid distribution in Camelina embryos, and suggest that this spatial heterogeneity may or may not be able to be changed effectively in transgenic seeds depending upon the targeted enzyme(s)/pathway(s). Further, these studies point to the importance of resolving the location of metabolites in addition to their quantities within plant tissues.
In vivo measurements for high dose rate brachytherapy with optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters
Authors: Sharma Renu , Jursinic Paul A.
Published: June 2013

Purpose:

To show the feasibility of clinical implementation of OSLDs for high dose‐rate (HDR)in vivo dosimetry for gynecological and breast patients. To discuss how the OSLDs were characterized for an Ir‐192 source, taking into account low gamma energy and high dose gradients. To describe differences caused by the dose calculation formalism of treatment planning systems.

Methods:

OSLD irradiations were made using the GammaMedplus iX Ir‐192 HDR, Varian Medical Systems, Milpitas, CA. BrachyVision versions 8.9 and 10.0, Varian Medical Systems, Milpitas, CA, were used for calculations. Version 8.9 used the TG‐43 algorithm and version 10.0 used the Acuros algorithm. The OSLDs (InLight Nanodots) were characterized for Ir‐192. Various phantoms were created to assess calculated and measured doses and the angular dependence and self‐absorption of the Nanodots. Following successful phantom measurements, patient measurements for gynecological patients and breast cancer patients were made and compared to calculated doses.

Results:

The OSLD sensitivity to Ir‐192 compared to 6 MV is between 1.10 and 1.25, is unique to each detector, and changes with accumulated dose. The measured doses were compared to those predicted by the treatment planning system and found to be in agreement for the gynecological patients to within measurement uncertainty. The range of differences between the measured and Acuros calculated doses was −10%–14%. For the breast patients, there was a discrepancy of −4.4% to +6.5% between the measured and calculated doses at the skin surface when the Acuros algorithm was used. These differences were within experimental uncertainty due to (random) error in the location of the detector with respect to the treatment catheter.

Conclusions:

OSLDs can be successfully used for HDRin vivo dosimetry. However, for the measurements to be meaningful one must account for the angular dependence, volume‐averaging, and the greater sensitivity to Ir‐192 gamma rays than to 6 MV x‐rays if 6 MV x‐rays were used for OSLD calibration. The limitations of the treatment planning algorithm must be understood, especially for surface dose measurements. Use of in vivo dosimetry for HDR brachytherapy treatments is feasible and has the potential to detect and prevent gross errors. In vivo HDR brachytherapy should be included as part of the QA for a HDR brachytherapy program.
Inadvertent left ventricular pacing through a patent foramen ovale: identification, management and implications for postpacemaker implantation checks
Authors: Wynn Gareth J , Weston Cathy , Cooper Robert J , Somauroo John D
Published: June 2013

A dual chamber permanent pacemaker was implanted into an asymptomatic man with complete (third degree) heart block because of the risk of asystole. The ventricular lead was thought to have been attached to the right ventricular septum; however, it inadvertently passed through a patent foramen ovale into the left ventricle. Although the postprocedure ECG showed right bundle branch block this was thought to be due to the presumed septal positioning of the pacing lead. Lead misplacement was not detected on posterioanterior chest X-ray but was clearly demonstrated by transthoracic echocardiography, and subsequently on lateral chest X-ray. The lead was successfully removed and repositioned correctly at the next available opportunity without complication or sequelae.
Post-traumatic delayed onset pectoralis myospasm secondary to α-γ dysfunction
Authors: Barnett Dennis L , McGhee Klinton , Bungee Paul
Published: June 2013

A restrained motor vehicle accident victim suffered from delayed onset left pectoralis myospasms refractory to multiple treatments: behavioural, conservative, physical therapy, opiate, muscle relaxer and incomplete response to invasive pain management spinal blocks. After conduction of a literature review, several authors had noted the mechanism of α-γ loop dysfunction resulting in myospams, and also case studies which described painful postsurgical myospasms that were treated with neurectomy and/or botulinum toxin A with successful results. The patient in this case underwent an initial lidocaine injection to observe response to treatment, followed by two treatments with botulinum toxin A treatment with subsequent resolution of symptoms. Successful therapy and previous research supports that botulinum toxin A can be an effective treatment for myospasms secondary to trauma-induced α-γ dysfunction, as suggested by the cellular pathophysiology.
Rehabilitation of lost vertical dimension with cast post core and cast partial denture
Authors: Gupta Kavita , Javiya Piyush , Kumar Prachur , Mallikarjuna Rachappa
Published: June 2013

Loss of teeth is sometimes inevitable. But, it is the duty of a restorative dentist to restore the loss of teeth in way keeping in mind the discomfort and agony of the patient. Rehabilitation of these types of patients requires thorough knowledge and great skills on the part of a prosthodontist. This clinical case report describes the management of a 58-year-old male patient with a loss of mandibular posterior teeth and severely attrited anterior teeth opposing natural teeth. The treatment plan was to restore the loss of teeth and the loss of vertical dimension by providing prosthesis keeping in mind the occlusion and stomatognathic system. A novel approach of fixed and removable type of prostheses was implemented and successfully delivered.
Mixed pyogenic and tuberculous liver abscess: clinical suspicion is what matters
Authors: Singh Rajnish , Kumar Naveen , Sundriyal Deepak , Trisal Deepshikha
Published: June 2013

Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare cause of liver abscess, even in country like India where it is a very common infection. Moreover, tubercular liver abscess (TLA) is the most unusual pattern of hepatic tuberculosis. We report an unusual case of liver abscess in an immune-competent patient presenting only with weight loss. On investigation, initially it appeared pyogenic, but later turn out to be a mixed infection with tuberculosis. He responded well to antibiotic and antitubercular drugs. A mixed pyogenic and TLA is very uncommon. We conclude that, tuberculosis should be suspected in liver abscess, especially in the absence of typical features and failure to respond to antibiotics.
Maxillofacial prosthesis in a palliative care for terminally ill patient with squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Haralur Satheesh B , Shah Farhan K
Published: June 2013

It is the god given right of every human being to appear human. – Ernest L. DaBreo.

A 55-year-old man with combined surgical and radiation therapy for buccal mucosa required the prosthetic rehabilitation for full thickness facial cheek defect. Apart from the aesthetics concerns, he had several oral debilities like difficulty in speaking, eating and swallowing. Though the carcinoma is known for high rates of morbidity and mortality, it is an obligation of a prosthodontist to help the patient to have a dignified and normal social life for their remaining lifespan. Palliative dental care's main focus is to re-establish the quality of the remaining life, in addition to the alleviation of physical and psychological suffering of the far-advanced disease patients. This case report summarises the importance of maxillofacial prosthesis in a postoperative malignancy and palliative care.
Crohn's disease unmasked following etanercept treatment for ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Jethwa H , Mann S
Published: June 2013

We describe the case of a 45-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis being treated with etanercept who presented with a 1 month history of abdominal pain. CT abdomen revealed an ileocaecal mass associated with an abscess, resulting in a laparotomy and right hemi-colectomy. Histology of the resected specimen showed the classical features of Crohn's disease. Etanercept was stopped and he was started on adalimumab. He is currently in clinical remission from both ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn's disease.
Altered mental status and fever
Authors: Ajayi Tokunbo , Bhatia Ashmeet , Lambl Barbara , Altamimi Sarah
Published: June 2013

West Nile virus (WNV) is still the most common cause of neuroinvasive arboviral disease in the USA with a case death of 10–30%. We are reporting a case of a 61-year-old woman with a history of Crohn's disease, fibromyalgia treated with chronic steroid therapy that presented with a day history of fever, confusion and lethargy. She had a lumbar puncture which was notable for lymphocytosis and was positive for WNV. She initially was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, which were subsequently discontinued when the diagnosis of WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND) was made. A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose WNND, and this should be suspected in elderly immunocompromised patient presenting with altered mental status and lumbar puncture suggestive of aseptic meningitis. Recent study has showed that there is genetic variation in the interferon response pathway which is associated with both risk for symptomatic WNV infection and disease progression.
Management of refractory irritable bowel syndrome and comorbid mental ill-health: challenges, reflections and patient's perspective of life on the body–mind divide
Authors: Udo Itoro , Gash Amanda
Published: June 2013

This complex case illustrates how blurred the divide between body and mind can be. In a patient with refractory irritable bowel symptoms, the emergence of new social problems exacerbate both psychiatric (anxiety and depression) and physical symptoms. Treatment of the physical symptomatology consisted of acute hospital treatments initially and subsequent primary care consultations. Psychiatric treatment consists of psychopharmacological (venlafaxine and mirtazapine) and psychotherapeutic approaches (cognitive behavioural therapy initially, and clinical hypnosis). The objectives of psychiatric treatment were to stabilise symptoms, reduce hospital admissions and foster self-management. The gains of management are presented. Social difficulties encountered over the period of treatment were legal processes to gain custody of son, bereavement, financial difficulties occasioned by stoppage of welfare benefits and legal processes involved in welfare appeal. Importantly, the patient's perceptive of treatment and care is presented. Detrimental effects that current welfare reforms in the UK may have on health are highlighted.
A rare case of transmigration of mandibular canine associated with an odontoma
Authors: Madiraju G S , Srinivasa Rao Kolasani , Singamaneni Vijaykumar
Published: June 2013

Transmigration or intraosseous migration of mandibular canine is a very rare phenomenon. Specific aetiology and mechanism of transmigration is still unclear. Majority of these transmigrated canines are impacted, asymptomatic and involve the left mandible. This article describes a rare case of transmigrated mandibular right permanent canine associated with a retained deciduous right canine and an odontoma in a 25-year-old man with a follow-up of 3 years. The present case report also highlights the importance of early diagnosis and periodic monitoring of impacted teeth with panoramic radiography to avoid the occurrence of any associated pathologies and further allow interceptive treatment for possible better results.
Bleomycin-induced flagellate dermatitis
Authors: Grynszpan Rachel , Niemeyer-Corbellini João Paulo , Lopes Marien Siqueira Soto , Ramos-e-Silva Marcia
Published: June 2013

Flagellate dermatitis shows very characteristic lesions: linear erythema or hyperpigmentation in various areas of the skin. It is a side effect of bleomycin, an immunosupressive drug used for several types of cancers. All physicians must be aware of this disease so they can make a rapid diagnosis and interrupt the causative agent. Our patient presented during chemotherapy for a Hodgkin's lymphoma pruritic, erythematous lesions on the lower limbs and the back diagnosed as flagellate dermatitis due to bleomycin.
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome during pregnancy
Authors: Inocêncio G , Braga A , Lima T , Buchner G
Published: June 2013

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome is a very rare systemic fibrovascular dysplasia. Rupture of angiomas can cause haemorrhages, which sometimes can be severe with difficult bleeding control. The main manifestation is recurrent epistaxis. Treatment of this disorder is symptomatic. During pregnancy, there may be an increased risk of complications. We describe a case of a pregnant woman with Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome. Besides frequent epistaxis and microcytic hypochromic anaemia that resolved with oral iron treatment, she had a normal pregnancy, vaginal delivery and puerperium without complications.
Diagnostic value of anti-gp210 antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis: a case-based review
Authors: Valour Florent , Durupt Stéphane , Khenifer Safia , Durieu Isabelle
Published: June 2013

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterised by chronic cholestasis usually associated with antimitochondrial antibodies. Moreover, several types of antinuclear antibodies have been associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. We describe an 83-year-old man, in whom the exploration of a chronic cholestasis led to the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis despite negative antimitochondrial antibodies, regarding the presence of anti-gp210 antibodies. Found in 25% of patients, these antinuclear antibodies must be sought before a strong suspicion of primary biliary cirrhosis with antimitochondrial antibodies negative, as they are highly specific of the disease. They are generally associated with a more aggressive form of PBC.
Spermatic cord liposarcoma: organ-sparing surgery
Authors: Peralta J P , Godinho R , Rabaça C , Reis M
Published: June 2013

The authors report a case of a 53-year-old male patient who came to the urologic clinic with symptoms of a left-sided testicular mass with 4 years of evolution. A left inguinal approach was decided for scrotal exploration. High clamping of the spermatic cord was performed with complete excision of the lesion, which was sent for pathology, preserving the spermatic cord and the testicle. The peroperative result was a well-differentiated liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. We then chose to preserve the ipsilateral testis (organ-sparing surgery). Postoperatively, the final pathology confirmed a well-differentiated spermatic cord liposarcoma, revealing negative surgical margins and no signs of local invasion, namely of the underlying structures. The patient is currently doing well, with no signs of recurrence after one and a half year of follow-up.
Persistent headache in a postpartum patient: the investigation and management
Authors: Gonen Korcan Aysun , Taskapilioglu Ozlem , Dusak Abdurrahim , Hakyemez Bahattin
Published: June 2013

Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of obstetric regional anaesthesia and the most likely cause of headache in a woman who underwent epidural anaesthesia during delivery. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon cause of postpartum headache. Anaesthesia in obstetrics may lead to long-lasting intracranial hypotension resulting in CVST. CVST is a serious pathology with high mortality if misdiagnosed, but its correct and rapid diagnosis offers the opportunity for early treatment. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important modality in the diagnosis of both CVST and intracranial hypotension. The latter condition may be treated either by an epidural blood patch or bed rest and hydration. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman who developed CVST and multiple venous infarcts after an attempted epidural procedure during delivery. She was treated conservatively with bed rest, hydration and low-molecular-weight heparin and the patient recovered completely.
Lenticulostriate artery aneurysm presenting as primary intraventricular haemorrhage
Authors: Srivastava Trilochan , Sannegowda Raghavendra Bakki , Sharma Bhawna , Tejwani Shankar
Published: June 2013

Isolated or primary intraventricular haemorrhage (PIVH) is rare and usually caused by hypertension, vascular malformations, aneurysms and moyamoya disease. Lenticulostriate artery aneurysm (LSA) is also a rare entity, and LSA aneurysm rupture causing primary intraventricular haemorrhage is extremely rare. There are only a few case reports. LSA aneurysms can occur medially or laterally, proximally or distally, though distal lateral LSA aneurysms are more common. They are usually associated with various vascular conditions. We report two rare cases of LSA aneurysms presenting as PIVH, one being medial and other being lateral distal LSA aneurysm. Both were normotensives, and one was associated with arteriovenous malformation.
Central pontine myelinolysis with meticulous correction of hyponatraemia in chronic alcoholics
Authors: Malhotra Konark , Ortega Luis
Published: June 2013

Central pontine myelinolysis is a demyelinating disorder that arises due to osmolar disturbances in the cerebral microenvironment characterised by loss of the myelin sheath of neurons. The diffusion-weighting imaging sequence of MRI is the most sensitive diagnostic imaging modality for myelinolysis. The rapid correction of hyponatraemia by >20–25 mmol/L/48 h has been known for a long time as a prime cause of osmotic demyelination. Various other comorbidities in hyponatraemic patients are well known that can lead to osmotic demyelination such as alcoholism, hypoxaemia, severe liver disease, malignancy, burns, liver transplantation and malnutrition. Chronic alcohol abusers with additional liver disease and malnutrition have altered osmotic equilibrium at baseline that predisposes them to osmotic demyelination. We suggest a more cautious and meticulous approach should be followed in these patients to avoid the dreaded complication.
Diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by surfactant deficiency: dramatic improvement by azithromycin
Authors: Thouvenin Guillaume , Nathan Nadia , Epaud Ralph , Clement Annick
Published: June 2013

Pulmonary surfactant deficiency caused by mutations inABCA3(ATP-binding cassette transporter of the A subfamily, member 3) gene results in diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) in children. So far, systemic steroids are the main treatment, with however limited efficacy. We report the case of a young boy showing a dramatic long-term improvement of respiratory disease by low-dose azithromycin (AZM) with no side effect after 6 years of treatment. Cellular and molecular studies are ongoing to progress in the understanding of the mechanisms involved. On behalf of the National Reference Center for rare lung diseases in France (Respirare,http://www.respirare.fr), clinical studies on AZM in various forms of DPLD in children have been initiated and should provide information on the types of paediatric DPLD that may benefit from this treatment.
Adductor longus ruptures in elite sportsmen—pitfalls of surgical repair: a report of two cases
Authors: Banks D B A , MacLennan I , Banks A J
Published: June 2013

Insertional tendinopathy of the adductor longus is a common and problematic condition in elite athletes and may lead to rupture. Previous literature has reported good outcomes in these patients when these ruptures are treated with both surgical and non-operative management. This paper will discuss the available literature on management of adductor tears and describe two case reports of deep infection following surgical repair of ruptures in soccer players and the effects this had on their profession. We conclude that, given the overall evidence of conservative management of adductor tears and possible complications associated with the surgery that these cases highlight, acute adductor tears in the majority should be treated conservatively.
Multiple long-standing massive oral mandibular granuloma gravidarum (pregnancy tumour)
Authors: Rihani Farouk Bassam , Ersheidat Ala’ Ahmad , Alsmadi Hasan Faiz , Al-Nahar Lina A
Published: June 2013

Oral granuloma gravidarum (OGG) is a distinct clinical entity used to describe pyogenic granuloma developing mainly on the gingiva of pregnant women, possibly propagated by gingival high levels of active progesterone and poor oral hygiene. We report herein a 41-year-old woman presented 7 months after childbirth with two painless masses of OGG in mandibular gingiva that developed at the end of first trimester and increased gradually in size even after delivery. Surgical excisional biopsy was performed under general anaesthesia with extraction of periodontally involved mandibular anterior teeth. Proper oral hygiene in pregnant women is mandatory to prevent such oral condition.
Proximal base stress fracture of the second metatarsal in a Highland dancer
Authors: Watson Hannah Isabella , O'Donnell Barry , Hopper Graeme Philip , Chang Winston
Published: June 2013

A 15-year-old female Highland dancer presented to the accident and emergency department with an ankle inversion injury on a background of several weeks of pain in the right foot. A radiograph of the right foot demonstrated a stress fracture at the base of the second metatarsal. She was treated conservatively with a below knee removable supportive walking boot with a rocker bottom sole. She re-presented to the accident and emergency department 3 weeks later with pins and needles in the right foot; she was given crutches to use along side the supportive walking boot. Radiographs 12 weeks after the first presentation showed healing of the stress fracture. The patient was now asymptomatic of the injury. She was unable to fully train for 12 weeks due to the injury. Conservative management was successful in this patient.
Diagnosis demystified: CT as diagnostic tool in endodontics
Authors: Shruthi Nagaraja , Sreenivasa Murthy B V , Sundaresh K J , Mallikarjuna Rachappa
Published: June 2013

Diagnosis in endodontics is usually based on clinical and radiographical presentations, which are only empirical methods. The role of healing profession is to apply knowledge and skills towards maintaining and restoring the patient's health. Recent advances in imaging technologies have added to correct interpretation and diagnosis. CT is proving to be an effective tool in solving endodontic mysteries through its three-dimensional visualisation. CT imaging offers many diagnostic advantages to produce reconstructed images in selected projection and low-contrast resolution far superior to that of all other X-ray imaging modalities. This case report is an endeavour towards effective treatment planning of cases with root fracture, root resorption using spiral CT as an adjuvant diagnostic tool.
Mediastinal myelolipoma with leukocytosis
Authors: Fonda Pablo , de Santiago Eva , Guijarro Mercedes , Gamallo Carlos
Published: June 2013

Myelolipoma is a benign tumour consisting of mature fat with scattered foci of haematopoietic elements resembling bone marrow. Extra-adrenal myelolipomas are an infrequent pattern of presentation. We report the case of a 64-year-old woman who presented a heterogeneous 1.4×2.5×3 cm paravertebral thoracic mass detected by chest tomography during the study of a leukocytosis of unknown aetiology. The CT findings and pathology revealed the diagnosis of myelolipoma.
Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: a rare case report
Authors: Mohan Ravi Prakash Sasankoti , Verma Sankalp , Agarwal Neha , Singh Udita
Published: June 2013

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GS), also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, is an infrequent multisystem disease inherited in a dominant autosomal way, which shows a high level of penetrance and variable expressiveness. It is characterised by keratocystic odontogenic tumours (KCOT) in the jaw, multiple basal cell nevi carcinomas and skeletal abnormalities. This syndrome may be diagnosed early by a dentist by routine radiographical examinations in the first decade of life, since the KCOTs are usually one of the first manifestations of the syndrome. This article describes an 11-year-old boy with GS.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of spermatic cord in a 65-year-old man presenting as a groin swelling
Authors: Prabhu Raghunath , Natarajan Arjun , Shenoy Rajgopal , Vaidya Kuldeep
Published: June 2013

A 65-year-old man presented with a swelling in the right groin of 6 months duration. The swelling was associated with dull aching pain and the patient reported of increase in size of the swelling during lifting of heavy weights. The swelling was 6×5 cm, hard in consistency, mobile and there was no impulse of cough. Ultrasonography showed a solid mass measuring 5.3×1.5×5.2 cm arising from the spermatic cord. High-inguinal orchiectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the spermatic cord. Patient was advised adjuvant chemotherapy but he refused. Spermatic cord RMS is a rare tumour derived from the undifferentiated mesoderm. It is most often observed in children and adolescents. It rarely appears after the second decade of life. It usually manifests as a painless, firm to hard mass in the inguinal canal or scrotum. Radical high-inguinal orchiectomy is the treatment of choice.
A novel methodology to regain sensitivity of quick clay in a geotechnical centrifuge
Authors: Meijer Gertjan , Dijkstra Jelke
Published: June 2013

A novel reconstitution process is developed to reconstitute remoulded quick clay with comparable sensitivities to the sampled undisturbed material. This laboratory method is based on scaling some of the main in situ processes involved in the development of sensitivity in a natural quick clay. It is shown that high sensitivity can be regained in a sequence of scaled flocculated sedimentation stages followed by consolidation and leaching in a geotechnical centrifuge. The suggested approach is a promising method for fast reconstitution of sensitive clay samples for element and physical model testing in a geotechnical laboratory.
Integrating potential climate change into the mechanistic–empirical based pavement design
Authors: Li Qiang Joshua , Mills Leslie , McNeil Sue , Attoh-Okine Nii O.
Published: June 2013

Given anticipated climate change and its inherent uncertainty, a pavement could be subjected to different climatic conditions over its life and might be inadequate to withstand future environmental stresses beyond those currently considered during pavement design. This paper incorporates climate change effects into the mechanistic–empirical (M-E) based pavement design to explore potential climate change and its uncertainty on pavement design and performance. Three important questions are addressed: (1) How does pavement performance deteriorate differently with climate change and its uncertainty? (2) What is the risk if climate change and its uncertainty are not considered in design? and (3) How do pavement designers respond and incorporate this change into M-E design ? Three test sites in the United States are examined and results demonstrate a robust and effective approach to integrate climate change into pavement design as an adaptation strategy.
Discussion on “Plotting positions for fitting distributions and extreme value analysis”
Authors: Makkonen Lasse , Pajari Matti , Tikanmäki Maria
Published: June 2013

Plotting positions are used in the extreme value analysis for many engineering applications. The authors of the discussed paper concluded based on their simulations that distribution dependent plotting position formulae provide a better fit to the underlying cumulative distribution than the distribution free Weibull formula. We show here by Monte Carlo simulations following the theory of probability that the opposite is true, and outline that the criteria used in the comparisons made by the authors of discussed paper are inappropriate. Accordingly, the Weibull formula should be used as the unique plotting position.
TOWARDS COMPUTING AS A UTILITY VIA ADAPTIVE MIDDLEWARE: AN EXPERIMENT IN CROSS-PARADIGM EXECUTION
Authors: SLAWINSKI JAROSLAW , SUNDERAM VAIDY
Published: June 2013

Rapid advances in cloud computing have made the vision of utility computing a near-reality, but only in certain domains. For science and engineering parallel or distributed applications, on-demand access to resources within grids and clouds is hampered by two major factors: communication performance and paradigm mismatch issues. We propose a framework for addressing the latter aspect via software adaptations that attempt to reconcile model and interface differences between application needs and resource platforms. Such matching can greatly enhance flexibility in choice of execution platforms — a key characteristic of utility computing — even though they may not be a natural fit or may incur some performance loss. Our design philosophy, middleware components, and experiences from a cross-paradigm experiment are described.
HOSTED SCIENCE: MANAGING COMPUTATIONAL WORKFLOWS IN THE CLOUD
Authors: DEELMAN EWA , JUVE GIDEON , MALAWSKI MACIEJ , NABRZYSKI JAREK
Published: June 2013

Scientists today are exploring the use of new tools and computing platforms to do their science. They are using workflow management tools to describe and manage complex applications and are evaluating the features and performance of clouds to see if they meet their computational needs. Although today, hosting is limited to providing virtual resources and simple services, one can imagine that in the future entire scientific analyses will be hosted for the user. The latter would specify the desired analysis, the timeframe of the computation, and the available budget. Hosted services would then deliver the desired results within the provided constraints. This paper describes current work on managing scientific applications on the cloud, focusing on workflow management and related data management issues. Frequently, applications are not represented by single workflows but rather as sets of related workflowsworkflow ensembles. Thus, hosted services need to be able to manage entire workflow ensembles, evaluating tradeoffs between completing as many high-value ensemble members as possible and delivering results within a certain time and budget. This paper gives an overview of existing hosted science issues, presents the current state of the art on resource provisioning that can support it, as well as outlines future research directions in this field.
GFFS — THE XSEDE GLOBAL FEDERATED FILE SYSTEM
Authors: GRIMSHAW ANDREW , MORGAN MARK , KALYANARAMAN AVINASH
Published: June 2013

Federated, secure, standardized, scalable, and transparent mechanism to access and share resources, particularly data resources, across organizational boundaries that does not require application modification and does not disrupt existing data access patterns has been needed for some time in the computational science community. The Global Federated File System (GFFS) addresses this need and is a foundational component of the NSF-funded eXtreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) program. The GFFS allows user applications to access (create, read, update, delete) remote resources in a location-transparent fashion. Existing applications, whether they are statically linked binaries, dynamically linked binaries, or scripts (shell, PERL, Python), can access resources anywhere in the GFFS without modification (subject to access control). In this paper we present an overview of the GFFS and its most common use cases: accessing data at an NSF center from a home or campus, accessing data on a campus machine from an NSF center, directly sharing data with a collaborator at another institution, accessing remote computing resources, and interacting with remote running jobs. We present these uses cases and how they are realized using the GFFS.
ROBUST SCALABLE VISUALIZED CLUSTERING IN VECTOR AND NON VECTOR SEMI-METRIC SPACES
Authors: FOX GEOFFREY
Published: June 2013

We describe an approach to data analytics on large systems using a suite of robust parallel algorithms running on both clouds and HPC systems. We apply this to cases where the data is defined in a vector space and when only pairwise distances between points are defined. We introduce improvements to known algorithms for functionality, features and performance but review state of the art as this is not broadly familiar. Visualization is valuable for steering complex analytics and we discuss it for both the non vector semi-metric case and for clustering high dimension vector spaces. We exploit deterministic annealing which is heuristic but has clear general principles that can give reasonably fast robust algorithms. We apply methods to several life sciences applications.
INFLATION AS AN ATTRACTOR IN SCALAR COSMOLOGY
Authors: KIM HYEONG-CHAN
Published: June 2013

We study an inflation mechanism based on attractor properties in cosmological evolutions of a spatially flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker spacetime based on the Einstein-scalar field theory. We find a new way to get the Hamilton–Jacobi equation solving the field equations. The equation relates a solution "generating function" with the scalar potential. We analyze its stability and find a later time attractor which describes a Universe approaching to an eternal-de Sitter inflation driven by the potential energy, V0>0. The attractor exists when the potential is regular and does not have a linear and quadratic terms of the field. When the potential has a mass term, the attractor exists if the scalar field is in a symmetric phase and is weakly coupled, λ<9V0/16. We also find that the attractor property is intact under small modifications of the potential. If the scalar field has a positive mass-squared or is strongly coupled, there exists a quasi-attractor. However, the quasi-attractor property disappears if the potential is modified. On the whole, the appearance of the eternal inflation is not rare in scalar cosmology in the presence of an attractor.
QUANTUM MONTE CARLO STUDY OF MAGNETIC CORRELATION IN GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS AND QUANTUM DOTS
Authors: GAO PAN , LIU SUHANG , TIAN LIN , MA TIANXING
Published: June 2013

To realize the application of spintronics, possible magnetism in graphene-based material is an important issue to be addressed. At the tight banding level of armchair graphene nanoribbons, there are two flat bands in the band structure, two Van Hove singularities in the density of states, and the introducing of the next-nearest-neighbor hopping term cause high asymmetry in them, which plays a key role in the behavior of magnetic correlation. We further our studies within determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulation to treat the electron–electron interaction. It is found that the armchair graphene nanoribbons show carrier mediated magnetic correlation. In the armchair graphene nanoribbons, the antiferromagnetic correlation dominates around half filling, while the ferromagnetic correlation dominates as electron filling is lower than 0.8. Moreover, the ferromagnetic correlation is strengthened markedly as the next-nearest-neighbor hopping energy increases. The resultant manipulation of ferromagnetism in graphene-based material may facilitate the development of spintronics.
A TIME-DEPENDENT MULTI-DETERMINANT APPROACH TO NUCLEAR DYNAMICS
Authors: PUDDU G.
Published: June 2013

We propose a Time-Dependent Multi-Determinant (TDMD) approach to the description of the time evolution of the nuclear wave functions. We use the Dirac variational principle to derive the equations of motion using as ansatz for the nuclear wave function a linear combination of Slater determinants. We prove explicitly that the norm and the energy of the wave function are conserved during the time evolution. This approach is a generalization of the time-dependent Hartree–Fock method to many Slater determinants. We apply this approach to a case study of 6 Li using the N3LO interaction renormalized to four major harmonic oscillator shells. We solve the TDMD equations of motion using Krylov subspace methods of Lanczos type. As an application, we discuss the isoscalar monopole strength function.
(Plenary) The Future of Heterogeneous and Diversified ULSI Nanoelectronics
Authors: Deleonibus Simon , Templier François , Andrieu François , Batude Perrine , Jehl Xavier , Martin François , Milesi Frederic , Morvan Simeon , Nemouchi Fabrice , Sanquer Marc , Vinet Maud
Published: June 2013

Nanoelectronics will have to face major challenges in the next decades in order to proceed with increasing progress to the sub 10 nm nodes level and face the challenge to approach zero variability. The main requirements will be to reduce leakage currents and reduce access resistances at the same time in order to fully exploit 3D integration at the device, elementary function, chip and system. New progress laws combined to the scaling down of CMOS based technology will emerge to enable new paths to Functional Diversification. New materials and disruptive architectures, mixing logic and memories, Heterogeneous Integration, introducing 3D schemes at the Front End and Back End levels, will come into play to make it possible
(Plenary) Beyond-Si CMOS Technologies Based on High-Mobility Channels
Authors: Ma T.P.
Published: June 2013

This paper introduces a novel “Unipolar CMOS” logic technology that only requires either an N-channel or a P-channel MOSFET to form an inverter and other logic gates that are building blocks of all logic circuits. In contrast to the outdated NMOS or PMOS technology, which also requires only N-MOSFETs or P-MOSFETs, the “Unipolar CMOS” logic consumes very little standby power, just like the conventional CMOS logic. The principle of operation of the Unipolar CMOS will be described, so will be examples of device structures that are suitable for implementing the Unipolar CMOS logic. It will be shown that many III-V semiconductors and many thin-film transistors that are difficult to realize both P- and N- channels on the same semiconductor substrate are ideal targets for the Unipolar CMOS.
(Invited) III-V/Ge MOS Transistor Technologies for Future ULSI
Authors: Takagi Shinichi , Takenaka Mitsuru
Published: June 2013

MOSFETs using III-V and Ge channels with low effective mass have been regarded as strongly important for high performance and low power CMOS under sub 10 nm regime. Key device technologies to realize the III-V/Ge MOSFETs on Si are addressed in this paper. We have recently realized HfO2/Al2O3 gate stacks with EOT of 1 nm or less for both InGaAs and Ge, allowing us to simultaneously satisfy both thin EOT and good MOS interface properties as the common gate stacks. Record high mobility Ge n- and p-MOSFETs with EOT of 0. 76 nm have been demonstrated by using HfO2/Al2O3/GeOx/Ge gate stacks. Also, self-align Ni-InGaAs is used as the metal S/D regions with low resistance, which are mandatory for shor-channel MOSFETs. We have realized 55-nm-Lg InGaAs-OI MOSFETs with Ni-InGaAs S/D on Si substrates by employing direct wafer bonding between InGaAs and Si substrates with ultrathin Al2O3 buried oxides. Also, by utilizing these technologies, we have demonstrated successful integration of InGaAs-OI nMOSFETs and Ge p-MOSFETs with superior device performance.