bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron SAXS and WAXS Studies on Changes in Structural and Thermal Properties of Poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] Single Crystals during Heating
Authors: Fujita Masahiro , Sawayanagi Tomoharu , Tanaka Toshihisa , Iwata Tadahisa , Abe Hideki , Doi Yoshiharu , Ito Kazuki , Fujisawa Tetsuro
Published: April 2005

Summary: The annealing and melting behavior of poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] (P(3HB)) single crystals were followed in real time by synchrotron small‐ (SAXS) and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) measurements. The real‐time SAXS measurements revealed that the P(3HB) single crystal exhibits a discontinuous increase of lamellar thickness during heating. The structural changes as observed by SAXS and WAXS were in response to the thermal properties of single crystals characterized by differential scanning calorimetry.

A series of two‐dimensional small‐angle X‐ray scattering patterns of P(3HB) single crystal mats during the lamellar thickening process.

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A series of two‐dimensional small‐angle X‐ray scattering patterns of P(3HB) single crystal mats during the lamellar thickening process.
Hyperbranched Poly(aryleneethynylene)s: Synthesis, Thermal Stability and Optical Properties
Authors: Peng Han , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2005

Summary: Alkyne copolycyclomerizations of aromatic diynes 2,7‐bis(4‐ethynylphenylethynyl)‐9,9‐dihexylfluorene (I) and 1,4‐bis(4‐ethynylphenylethynyl)benzene (II) with an aliphatic monoyne 1‐dodecyne (A) were effected by CpCo(CO)2hv in THF, producing hyperbranched poly(aryleneethynylene)s (1 and 2) of high molecular weights ($\overline M _{\rm w}$ up to 4.4 × 104 Da) in high isolation yields (up to 97%). The polymers possessed outstanding thermal stability and emitted strong deep blue light of ≈400 nm when their solutions were photoexcited. The polymers effectively limited the light of a 532 nm laser, with the performance of 2 being better than that of C60, a well‐known optical limiter, under similar linear transmittance.

The structure of hyperbranched poly(aryleneethynylene).

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The structure of hyperbranched poly(aryleneethynylene).
Initiating morphological changes associated with long‐term facilitation in Aplysia is independent of transcription or translation in the cell body
Authors: Grabham Peter W. , Wu Fang , Schacher Samuel , Goldberg Daniel J.
Published: April 2005

In Aplysia, the growth of axonal arbor and the formation of new presynaptic varicosities are thought to contribute to long‐term facilitation (LTF) produced by serotonin (5‐HT). While it is known that there is a requirement for both transcription and translation in LTF and in the accompanying morphological changes, the mechanisms mediating the initiation and maintenance of these changes are poorly understood. We used long‐term labeling of the presynaptic sensory neuron to carry out repeated imaging of axonal morphology, coupled with electrophysiology, to further elucidate the macromolecular requirements of this process. Robust synaptic facilitation, axonal growth, and the formation of axonal varicosities were elicited by 5‐HT even when transcription was blocked with actinomycin. Increases in synaptic efficacy and varicosity number were detected 12 h after exposure to 5‐HT but did not persist to 24 h. Even when sensory neuron cell bodies were removed, eliminating the contributions of both somal transcription and translation, 5‐HT elicited these transient morphological and electrophysiological responses. New sensory varicosities contacting the postsynaptic neuron were filled with the neuropeptide sensorin. Under all conditions, global inhibition of protein synthesis completely blocked the formation of new axonal branches and varicosities. These results demonstrate that neither transcription nor somal translation is required to initiate the axonal growth that often accompanies long‐term synaptic plasticity—protein synthesis in the axon is sufficient. Macromolecular synthesis in the cell body is, however, required to maintain the enlarged arbor. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Antenatal diagnosis of fetal renal calculus
Authors: Rhodes C. , Churchill D. , Hulton S.‐A.
Published: April 2005

Pediatric urolithiasis is commonly associated with structural renal tract anomalies and metabolic disorders. Antenatal diagnosis of renal calculi is extremely rare, with only one report in the literature. We present a case of renal stone formation diagnosed at 34 weeks' gestation on ultrasound examination. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐ and three‐dimensional sonographic findings in a case of distal urethral obstruction due to a paraurethral tumor
Authors: Yang J.‐M. , Yang S.‐H. , Huang W.‐C.
Published: April 2005

The cause of bladder outlet obstruction in women may be categorized generally into two types, functional and anatomical. On ultrasonography, the urethra appears as a tubular structure with a central echolucent part and surrounding hyperechogenic structures. Morphological changes in the echolucent portion of the urethra have been reported to be associated with voiding dysfunction. We present a case of distal urethral obstruction secondary to metastatic paraurethral adenocarcinoma. Three‐dimensional sonography clearly demonstrated the configuration of the metastatic tumor and its spatial orientation in association with distal urethral obstruction. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel method to improve prenatal diagnosis of abnormal systemic venous connections using three‐ and four‐dimensional ultrasonography and ‘inversion mode’
Authors: Espinoza J. , Gonçalves L. F. , Lee W. , Mazor M. , Romero R.
Published: April 2005

Objective

The precise prenatal diagnosis of abnormal venous connections of the fetal heart is challenging. Anatomical accuracy may be important in determining the best route for postnatal angiography, as well as the prognosis and treatment. This study was designed to determine the value of ‘inversion mode’, a new three‐ and four‐dimensional (4D) rendering algorithm, in the visualization of the spatial relationships of an interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) with azygos or hemiazygos vein continuation associated with and without heterotaxic syndromes.

Methods

Heart volumes were acquired using 4D ultrasonography and spatiotemporal image correlation in cases of interrupted IVC with azygos/hemiazygos continuation (n = 3). Volume datasets were rendered using the ‘inversion mode’ algorithm and abnormal images were compared to those generated from a library of normal fetuses.

Results

The ‘inversion mode’ rendering algorithm allowed the visualization of dilated azygos or hemiazygos veins and their spatial relationships with the descending aorta, the aortic arch, the superior vena cava, and the atria in cases of interrupted IVC with and without heterotaxic syndromes.

Conclusions

The ‘inversion mode’ algorithm improves prenatal visualization of both dilated azygos and hemiazygos veins, as well as their spatial relationships with the surrounding vascular structures. This has implications for the accurate prenatal diagnosis and management of neonates with abnormal systemic venous connections. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power Doppler vascularity index for predicting malignancy of adnexal masses
Authors: Marret H. , Sauget S. , Giraudeau B. , Body G. , Tranquart F.
Published: April 2005

Objective

To assess the performance of a power Doppler vascularity index in the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian malignancy.

Methods

Adnexal masses (n = 101) were examined prospectively with power Doppler ultrasonography before surgical treatment. The tumor vascularity index (power Doppler index, PDI) was determined by quantification of the number of pixels in a defined region of interest according to the formula: number of colored pixels/(total number of pixels minus the number of pixels in the fluid or avascular areas). It was estimated on selected frames of the tumors using an in‐house color‐quantifying program added to MATLAB 6.0™ software. Inter‐ and intraobserver reproducibilities of PDI assessment were evaluated. Intratumoral blood flow velocity waveforms were obtained to determine the lowest resistance index (RI). A subjective visual score of power Doppler signals in the tumor was used to classify it as having low, moderate or high vascularity. The discriminatory ability of this score was compared to that of RI and PDI measurement.

Results

Histology identified 23 malignant and 78 benign lesions. The PDI was considerably higher in malignant than in benign lesions (0.34 ± 0.04 vs. 0.12 ± 0.06; P < 0.001). The intra‐ and interobserver variabilities of PDI were low (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.97, respectively). The PDI cut‐off value to differentiate malignant from benign tumors was set at 0.265 (26.5% of the tumor being colored). Using this cut‐off, sensitivity and specificity were 100% (95% CI, 87.8–100.0) and 97.4% (95% CI, 91.0–99.7) compared to 78.3% (95% CI, 56.3–92.5) and 83.1% (95% CI, 72.9–90.7) for RI (cut‐off value of 0.53) and 78.3% (95% CI, 56.3–92.5) and 94.9% (95% CI, 87.4–98.6) for visual scoring. Logistic regression demonstrated that PDI was the best parameter for differentiating between malignant and benign tumors.

Conclusion

The power Doppler vascularity index obtained using customized color quantifying software has high diagnostic value in discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased uterine artery vascular impedance is related to adverse outcome of pregnancy but is present in only one‐third of late third‐trimester pre‐eclamptic women
Authors: Li H. , Gudnason H. , Olofsson P. , Dubiel M. , Gudmundsson S.
Published: April 2005

Objective

Signs of increased uterine artery vascular impedance in mid‐gestation are strongly related to pre‐eclampsia later in pregnancy. Whether this is true for the late third trimester is, however, unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyze the frequency of increased uterine artery vascular impedance in the third trimester, and its relationship to abnormal umbilical artery Doppler and adverse outcome of pregnancy.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of uterine and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry in 570 pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia. The managing clinician was informed only about the umbilical artery flow. The Doppler recordings were related to severity of pre‐eclampsia, prematurity, fetal growth restriction, and rates of Cesarean section and admission to neonatal intensive care.

Results

Increased umbilical artery vascular impedance was seen in 59 cases (10.4%), seven having absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow. Uterine artery notching was seen in 145 cases (25%), 88 (15%) having bilateral notches. Either increased uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) or notching, or both, were seen in 207 women (36.3%). In 108 women with severe pre‐eclampsia, 38 (35.2%) had uterine artery notching. Signs of increased uteroplacental vascular impedance were more common in severe than in mild pre‐eclampsia (57.4% vs. 31.4%), in premature than in term pregnancies (70.9% vs. 28.4%), and were more prevalent than abnormality in the umbilical artery (36.3% vs. 10.4%).

Conclusion

Only one‐third of pre‐eclamptic cases showed signs of increased uterine artery vascular impedance in the third trimester. However, signs of increased vascular impedance were much more frequent in the uterine than in the umbilical arteries and were strongly related to adverse outcome of pregnancy. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of ionizing radiation on the life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty1 retrotransposon
Authors: Sacerdot Christine , Mercier Géraldine , Todeschini Anne‐Laure , Dutreix Marie , Springer Mathias , Lesage Pascale
Published: April 2005

Ty1 elements, LTR‐retrotransposons of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are known to be activated by genetic and environmental stress. Several DNA‐damaging agents have been shown to increase both Ty1 transcription and retrotransposition. To explore further the relationship between Ty1 mobility and DNA damage, we have studied the impact of ionizing radiation at different steps of the Ty1 life cycle. We have shown that Ty1 transposition is strongly activated by γ‐irradiation and we have analysed its effect on Ty1 transcription, TyA1 protein and Ty1 cDNA levels. The activation of transposition rises with increasing doses of γ‐rays and is stronger for Ty1 elements than for the related Ty2 elements. Ty1 RNA levels are markedly elevated upon irradiation; however, no significant increase of TyA1 protein was detected as measured by TYA1–lacZ fusions and by Western blot. A moderate increase in Ty1 cDNA levels was also observed, indicating that ionizing radiation can induce the synthesis of Ty1 cDNA. In diploid cells and ste12 mutants, where both Ty1 transcription and transposition are repressed, γ‐irradiation is able to activate Ty1 transposition and increases Ty1 RNA levels. These results suggest the existence of a specific regulatory pathway involved in Ty1 response to the γ‐irradiation that would be independent of Ste12 and mating‐type factors. Our findings also indicate that ionizing radiation acts on several steps of the Ty1 life cycle. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two new fungal inteins
Authors: Butler Margaret I. , Goodwin Timothy J. D. , Poulter Russell T. M.
Published: April 2005

Until recently the only intein known to be encoded by the nuclear genome of a eukaryote was the VMA intein in the vacuolar ATPase precursor of several species of saccharomycete yeast. This intein has been intensively studied and much information has been gained about its structure, mode of action and evolutionary history. We recently reported a second nuclear intein, Cne PRP8, encoded within the PRP8 gene of the basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans. Subsequent studies have found allelic PRP8 inteins in several species of yeast and filamentous ascomycetes. Here we report two further, non‐allelic, inteins from ascomycete species. The yeast Debaryomyces hansenii (which also has a VMA intein) has an intein encoded within the sequence of the glutamate synthase gene (GLT1). There are also inteins encoded in the homologous GLT1 genes of the yeast Candida (Pichia) guilliermondii and the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina. These allelic GLT1 inteins occupy exactly the same site in the glutamate synthase and all contain domains that indicate the presence of a homing endonuclease (HEG). Podospora anserina, in addition, contains a second, non‐allelic, intein encoded in the chitin synthase gene (CHS2); this intein also contains a HEG domain. We describe the phylogenetic relationships among the four eukaryote nuclear encoded inteins (VMA, PRP8, GLT1 and CHS2). We also consider this phylogeny in the broader context of eubacterial, archaeal and eukaryote viral and organelle inteins. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jupiter's Great Red Spot: compactness condition and stability
Authors: Yano Jun-Ichi , Flierl Glenn R.
Published: April 2005

Abstract. Linear Rossby wave dispersion relationships suggest that Jupiter's Great Red Spot (GRS) is a baroclinic structure embedded in a barotropic shearing zonal flow. Quasi-geostrophic (QG) two-layer simulations support the theory, as long as an infinitely deep zonal flow is assumed. However, once a finite depth of the lower layer is assumed, a self-interaction of the baroclinic eddy component produces a barotropic radiating field, so that the GRS-like eddy can no longer remain compact. Compactness is recovered by explicitly introducing a deep dynamics of the interior for the lower layer, instead of the shallow QG formulation. An implication of the result is a strong coupling of the GRS to a convectively active interior.
Vegetation pattern of Istanbul from the Landsat data and the relationship with meteorological parameters
Authors: Aslan Zafer , Natarajan Krishnaier , Tankut Mehmet
Published: April 2005

Abstract. This paper discusses the preliminary results of a study on the vegetation pattern and its relationship with meteorological parameters in and around Istanbul. The study covers an area of over 6800 km2 consisting of urban and suburban centers, and uses the visible and near-infrared bands of Landsat. The spatial variation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and meteorological parameters such as sensible heat flux, momentum flux, relative humidity, moist static energy, rainfall rate and temperature have been investigated based on observations in ten stations in the European (Thracian) and Anatolian parts of Istanbul. NDVI values have been evaluated from the Landsat data for a single day, viz. 24 October 1986, using ERDAS in ten different classes. The simultaneous spatial variations of sensible heat and momentum fluxes have been computed from the wind and temperature profiles using the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. The static energy variations are based on the surface meteorological observations. There is very good correlation between NDVI and rainfall rate. Good correlation also exists between: NDVI and relative humidity; NDVI, sensible heat flux and relative humidity; NDVI, momentum flux and emissivity; and NDVI, sensible heat flux and emissivity. The study suggests that the momentum flux has only marginal impact on NDVI. Due to rapid urbanization,the coastal belt is characterized by reduced NDVI compared to the interior areas, suggesting that thermodynamic discontinuities considerably influence the vegetation pattern. This study is useful for the investigation of small-scale circulation models, especially in urban and suburban areas where differential heating leads to the formation of heat islands. In the long run, such studies on a global scale are vital to gain accurate, timely information on the distribution of vegetation on the earth's surface. This may lead to an understanding of how changes in land cover affect phenomena as diverse as the atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the hydrological cycle and the energy balance at the surface-atmosphere interface.
Molecular mechanism of hypoxia‐mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis by transcriptional regulation
Authors: Choi Jeong Hae , Park Min Jung , Kim Kook Whan , Choi Yoon Ha , Park Sun Hee , An Won Gun , Yang Ung Suk , Cheong JaeHun
Published: April 2005

Until now, it is known that hypoxia increases the glycolytic enzyme expression at the transcriptional level. Here, we show evidence that hypoxia increases hepatic glucose output and HIF‐1 and ATF‐2‐mediated transactivation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), which plays a critical role as a rate‐limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, gene in liver. HIF‐1 directly bound to the specific PEPCK promoter region through its cognate binding element and found as an active complex with coactivator CBP. Additionally, ATF‐2 was also involved to regulate hypoxia‐dependent PEPCK transcription in the transcriptional complex with HIF‐1 and CBP. Interestingly, retinoic acid (RA) signaling induced the recruitment of HIF‐1 on the PEPCK promoter, resulting from the functional interaction of HIF‐1 and ATF‐2 with coactivator CBP. Taken together, these results suggest that hypoxia signaling leads the hepatic glucose production and release via the increased gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes, possibly playing a role in providing glucose to other tissues, such as endothelial, brain and muscle cells.
N6‐Acetyladenosine: A new modified nucleoside from Methanopyrus kandleri tRNA
Authors: Sauerwald Anselm , Sitaramaiah Devarasetty , McCloskey James A. , Söll Dieter , Crain Pamela F.
Published: April 2005

Post‐transcriptionally modified nucleosides are constituents of transfer RNA (tRNA) that are known to influence tertiary structure, stability and coding properties. Modifications in unfractionated tRNA from the phylogenetically unique archaeal methanogen Methanopyrus kandleri (optimal growth temperature 98 °C) were studied using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry to establish the extent to which they might differ from those of other methanogens. The exceptionally diverse population of nucleosides included four new nucleosides of unknown structure, and one that was characterized as N
6‐acetyladenosine, a new RNA constituent. The nucleoside modification pattern in M. kandleri tRNA is notably different from that of other archaeal methanogens, and is closer to that of the thermophilic crenarchaeota.
23,000 yr of vegetation history of the Upper Lerma, a tropical high-altitude basin in Central Mexico
Authors: Lozano-GarcÍa Socorro , Sosa-Nájera Susana , Sugiura Yoko , Caballero Margarita
Published: April 2005

Pollen analysis on a 9.54-m sediment core from lake Chignahuapan in the upper Lerma basin, the highest intermontane basin in Central Mexico (2570 m asl), documents vegetation and limnological changes over the past ∽23,000 14C yr. The core was drilled near the archaeological site of Santa Cruz Atizapán, a site with a long history of human occupation, abandoned at the end of the Epiclassic period (ca. 900 AD). Six radiocarbon AMS dates and two well-dated volcanic events, the Upper Toluca Pumice with an age of 11,600 14C yr B.P. and the Tres Cruces Tephra of 8500 14C yr B.P., provide the chronological framework for the lacustrine sequence. From ca. 23,000 14C yr B.P. to ca. 11,600 14C yr B.P. the plant communities were woodlands and grasslands based on the pollen data. The glacial advances MII-1 and MII-2 correlate with abundant non-arboreal pollen, mainly grasses, from ca. 21,000 to 16,000 14C yr B.P., and at ca. 12,600 14C yr B.P. During the late Pleistocene, lake Chignahuapan was a shallow freshwater lake with a phase of lower level between 19,000 and 16,000 14C yr B.P. After 10,000 14C yr B.P., tree cover in the area increased, and a more variable lake level is documented. Late Holocene (ca. 3100 14C yr B.P.) deforestation was concurrent with human population expansion at the beginning of the Formative period (1500 B.C.). Agriculture and manipulation of the lacustrine environment by human lakeshore populations appear at 1200 14C yr B.P. (550 A.D.) with the appearance of Zea mays pollen and abundant charcoal particles.
Quetiapine: Results of four phase II and III clinical trials
Authors: King DJ
Published: April 2005

The data on efficacy and tolerance from four (phase II and III) trials of quetiapine (Seroquel® or ICI 204,636) in a total of 1,461 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic or sub-chronic schizophrenia are briefly reviewed. Together, the results of these trials have demonstrated antipsychotic efficacy in comparison with placebo and equivalent efficacy to haloperidol. In spite of its short plasma elimination half-life, quetiapine is equally effective when given in twice-daily and three-time daily doses. The optimum dose is between 300 mg and 400 mg per day, and the main and most consistent adverse effect is sedation. It has a low extrapyramidal side effect liability and does not produce sustained elevations in plasma prolactin levels.
Treatment with antipsychotics: The impact on the patient in the community
Authors: Rössler W , Salize HJ , Reinhard I
Published: April 2005

The assessment of new treatment strategies such as the atypical antipsychotic agents goes far beyond the assessment of psychopathology, and includes evaluation of their effects on a variety of needs associated with living in the community. This article provides some empirical data for such a multidimensional perspective in analysing drug treatment with conventional antipsychotics. We focus on two groups of schizophrenic patients discharged from a psychiatric hospital, who were followed up for one year. One group was treated with oral and the other with depot medication. The two groups were assessed on their needs for care, quality of life, and rehospitalisation rates. We found few significant differences between depot- and orally-medicated patients. However, patients treated with depot antipsychotics were receiving higher mean daily doses. Patients taking oral medication had a lower rate of adverse effects but were more non-compliant, which resulted in a higher rehospitalisation rate, confirming our assumpt on that patients take different risk-to-benefit decisions. Orally-medicated patients did not have a better functional status than depot-medicated patients.
What do parents know about the malformations afflicting the hearts of their children?
Authors: Chessa Massimo , De Rosa Gabriella , Pardeo Manuela , Negura Diana G. , Butera Gianfranco , Giamberti Alessandro , Bossone Edoardo , Carminati Mario
Published: April 2005

Traditionally, medical professionals have entrusted the parents of children with chronic illness with the task of imparting knowledge about the illness to the children. This practice assumes that parents understand the illness, and that they pass on their knowledge in a manner appropriate for the individual child. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge that parents of children with a cardiac defect have about the malformation in the heart of their child. We sent a modified version of the Leuven questionnaire to 350 families. The questionnaire was filled in and sent back to our centre by 148 families. Parents showed a good knowledge of the name and anatomical characteristics of the cardiac disease suffered by their child. Parents with a child taking drugs were not very knowledgeable about the regime, side effects, and interaction with other drugs or food. Only one-quarter of the parents knew the definition of endocarditis, although almost two-fifths were aware that unexplained fever for more than 5 days was the most typical symptom. Less than half of the parents knew that endocarditis could recur. About two-fifths of parents knew the real possibility of their child being involved in competitive sports; but almost half of parents were unable to answer this question. The poor knowledge about particular aspects of the disease, treatment, and preventive measures revealed by our parents may have major consequences. The results of our study are relevant to general daily clinical practice.
Cerebrovascular events in young adults after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Chow Clara K. , Amos David , Celermajer David S.
Published: April 2005

Increasing numbers of children who have undergone intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot have survived to adulthood, but often have residual haemodynamic and/or electrical abnormalities. We report the unusual observation of 4 instances of cerebrovascular accidents in young adults subsequent to surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
Factors affecting left ventricular remodelling and mechanics in the long-term follow-up after successful repair of aortic coarctation
Authors: Crepaz Roberto , Cemin Roberto , Romeo Cristina , Bonsante Edoardo , Gentili Lino , Trevisan Diego , Pitscheider Walter , Stellin Giovanni
Published: April 2005

Aims:To identify factors predisposing to abnormal left ventricular geometry and mechanics in 52 patients after successful repair of aortic coarctation.Methods and results:We evaluated left ventricular remodelling, systolic midwall mechanics, and isthmic gradient by echo-Doppler, systemic blood pressure at rest/exercise and by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and the aortic arch by magnetic resonance imaging. Echocardiographic findings were compared with those of 142 controls. The patients with aortic coarctation showed an increased indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume, increased mass index, increased ratio of mass to volume and systolic chamber function. The contractility, estimated at midwall level, was increased in 21 percent of the patients. In 26 (50 percent) of the patients, we found abnormal left ventricular geometry, with 9 percent showing concentric remodelling, 33 percent eccentric hypertrophy, and 8 percent concentric hypertrophy. These patients were found to be older, underwent a later surgical repair, and to have higher systolic blood pressures at rest and exercise as well as during ambulatory monitoring. The relative mural thickness and mass index of the left ventricle showed a significant correlation with different variables on uni- and multivariate analysis. Age and diastolic blood pressure at rest are the only factors associated with abnormal left ventricular remodelling.Conclusions:Patients who have undergone a seemingly successful surgical repair of aortic coarctation may have persistently abnormal geometry with a hyperdynamic state of the left ventricle. This is more frequent in older patients, and in those with higher diastolic blood pressures.
The Ross procedure performed in the setting of congenitally bifoliate aortic valve with anomalous right coronary artery
Authors: Morikawa Masayuki , Bando Ko , Sato Shinji
Published: April 2005

We treated successfully using the Ross procedure a 14-year old with a congenitally stenotic bifoliate aortic valve associated with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery. The anomalous artery arose from the same aortic sinus that gave rise to the main stem of the left coronary artery, and reached the right atrioventricular groove by traversing the tissue plane between the aortic root and the subpulmonary infundibulum. Both coronary arteries were reimplanted using a single arterial button.
Scimitar syndrome associated with absence of the right pulmonary artery and a persistent primitive hepatic venous plexus
Authors: Agnoletti Gabriella , Bonnet Damien , De Blic Jacques
Published: April 2005

An 18-month-old boy, referred because of an infection of the airways, was found to have a right-sided heart, a hypoplastic right lung, absence of the right pulmonary artery, and persistence of the hepatic venous plexus. The benign association of this unusual variant of the scimitar syndrome and persistence of the hepatic venous plexus needs to be recognised in order to avoid extensive investigations and surgery involving the inferior caval vein.
Sudden death during a change in treatment for pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Brun Henrik , Holmström Henrik , Thaulow Erik
Published: April 2005

We describe an infant with an atrioventricular septal defect and separate valvar orifices for the right and left ventricles, the so-called primum defect, who presented with serious pulmonary hypertension. Treatment with sildenafil was changed to intravenous epoprostenol due to lack of any measurable effects of the initial therapy as shown by echocardiography. The girl died three days after the change in treatment. We suggest that a mismatch between ventilation and perfusion contributed significantly to her death.
Editorial: Twentieth-Century Music – Plural
Authors: Clarke David
Published: April 2005

Difference is among the twentieth century’s most volatile legacies to the twenty-first. Over this period it has increasingly lodged itself in our cultural consciousness, as both theoretical concept and lived experience. Its workings are refracted through culture (through phenomena such as music) and the way we contemplate and study it (through a journal such as this). A Brief History of Difference, at least the chapter relevant to the present story, might start in the early part of the last century with Ferdinand de Saussure’s courses on linguistics. Not only language, but potentially all signifying phenomena, Saussure argued, articulate the world for us by cutting it into units (e.g. phonemes, concepts, words, signs) that carry meaning precisely through being differentiated from one another: reality is rendered as a system of mutually conditioning differences. By mid-century these ideas had become decisive for literary and cultural theory under the banner of structuralism and semiotics, in which even a cultural practice such as fashion could be seen to signify as a system of difference. With the rise of poststructuralism and deconstruction, difference (or différance) was again seminal in debates about the very nature of meaning, which in turn informed later twentieth-century cultural politics of class and society, gender and sexuality, race and ethnicity. (As we know, all these movements would also in the end, and no less contentiously, make their mark on musicology.) Most recently – in terms far from academic – cultural difference has moved into the foreground of global consciousness with the literally shattering and explosive events of our new century.
Would You Like Some World Music with your Latte? Starbucks, Putumayo, and Distributed Tourism
Authors: KASSABIAN ANAHID
Published: April 2005

Through an examination of the labels Hear Music and Putumayo and their place in coffee shops and retail stores on the one hand, and of world music scholarship on the other, I argue that listening to world music in public spaces demands new theoretical perspectives. The kinds of tourism that take place in listening to world music inattentively suggest a kind of bi-location. Borrowing from quantum mechanics, I suggest that the term ‘entanglement’ might offer some insight into this bi-location and the ‘distributed tourism’ that I argue is taking place.
Listening to Ravel, Watching Un coeur en hiver: Cinematic Subjectivity and the Music-film
Authors: BROWN JULIE
Published: April 2005

This close reading of Claude Sautet’s music-film Un coeur en hiver / A Heart in Winter (1992) also reflects on issues raised by music-films generally. Films that take music as their central subject raise special questions about the role of music in cinematic representation. Un coeur en hiver’s musically saturated narrative explores people’s abilities to know themselves and others and to express themselves adequately in emotional contexts. At the same time, the film’s techniques interrogate both the role of music in the construction of cinematic subjectivity and the potential of cinema to engage with our understandings of musical subjectivity. On one level the music self-critically serves its classic role in cinematic narrative of encouraging – even coercing – us into filling in narrative gaps otherwise left open by plot and dialogue. On another level, however, Un coeur en hiver can be read as a species of cinematic meditation on Ravel’s music: traces of Ravelian biography are scattered throughout; on-screen performances of the Piano Trio provide a musical metaphor for the narrative love triangle; and the Trio’s first movement provides a formal skeleton for the film as a whole. Drawing on recent film-music theory as well as Naomi Cummings’ account of musical subjectivity, I suggest that the film reflects specifically upon the music by exploiting its cinematic resources – dramatis personae, narrative, and mise-en-scène– to position us as auditors of Ravel; it projects a sense that Ravel’s subjective presence inhabits his trio and sonatas. To shed light on the nature of this cinematic meditation on musical authorship, I draw on John Corbett’s account of recorded music as something that both promises pleasure and threatens lack. I also revisit Edward T. Cone’s understanding of ‘the composer’s voice’, proposing a reading of Un coeur en hiver as a cinematic reflection on our fetishism of composer biography in an era marked by the loss of human presence in mechanical musical reproduction.
Der Einfluss antizipierter Affekte auf die Aufrechterhaltung von Misserfolgshandlungen
Authors: Greitemeyer Tobias , Lebek Susanne
Published: April 2005

Zusammenfassung: In der vorliegenden Studie wird untersucht, ob Personen Handlungen trotz permanenter Misserfolgsrückmeldung länger aufrechterhalten, je positivere Affekte sie bei einem möglicherweise doch zu erreichendem Erfolg bzw. je negativere Affekte sie bei einem endgültigen Misserfolg antizipieren. N = 80 Probanden bearbeiteten Aufgaben eines Intelligenztests, wobei der Hälfte der Probanden zuvor ein positiver Zusammenhang von Intelligenz und Lebenszufriedenheit suggeriert wurde. Der anderen Hälfte wurde diesbezüglich keine Information vorgelegt. Die Probanden, denen ein Zusammenhang zwischen Intelligenz und Lebenszufriedenheit suggeriert wurde, antizipierten stärkere positive bzw. negative Affekte im Falle eines erfolgreichen bzw. eines nicht erfolgreichen Testergebnisses als die Probanden, die keine diesbezüglichen Informationen erhielten. Dies wirkte sich wiederum in einer erhöhten Persistenz bei der Aufgabenbearbeitung aus. Sowohl im Falle eines erfolgreichen als auch eines nicht erfolgreichen Testergebnisses waren die tatsächlichen Affekte nach der Aufgabenbearbeitung nicht so stark ausgeprägt wie vor der Aufgabenbearbeitung von den Probanden antizipiert.
Mehr als Worte
Authors: Reinhard Marc-André , Sporer Siegfried Ludwig
Published: April 2005

Zusammenfassung: In zwei Experimenten wurden die Annahmen des Elaboration-Likelihood-Modells zum Einfluss der Urteilsrelevanz auf die Wahl der Verarbeitungsstrategie im Bereich der Glaubwürdigkeitsbeurteilung in Alltagssituationen überprüft. Experiment 1 konnte zeigen, dass Personen bei hoher Relevanz ihres Urteils die zentrale Route der Verarbeitung wählten und mehr Gedanken über den Inhalt von Aussagen berichteten, und dass ihr Glaubwürdigkeitsurteil ausschließlich mit den Gedanken zum Inhalt korreliert war. Bei niedriger Relevanz ihres Urteils hingegen wurden mehr Gedanken über die Quelle als über den Inhalt berichtet, und das Glaubwürdigkeitsurteil korrelierte nur mit den Gedanken zur Quelle. In Experiment 2 wurden nonverbale und inhaltliche Informationen direkt manipuliert. Wie vorhergesagt, wirkte sich die Manipulation der Plausibilität der Aussagen nur bei Personen mit hoher Urteilsrelevanz auf die Glaubwürdigkeitszuschreibung aus. Das nonverbale Verhalten einer Quelle beeinflusste dagegen nur bei Personen mit niedriger Relevanz das Urteil.
Editorial zum Themenschwerpunkt
Authors: Brünken Roland , Müller-Kalthoff Thiemo , Möller Jens
Published: April 2005

Learning with Hypertext and Multimedia: Trends in Research and State of the Art
Instruktionale Unterstützung beim Fertigkeitserwerb aus Beispielen in hypertextbasierten Lernumgebungen
Authors: Gerjets Peter H. , Scheiter Katharina , Schuh Julia
Published: April 2005

Zusammenfassung: Nach Gerjets, Scheiter und Tack (2000 , 2003 ) eignen sich Hypertexte zur Förderung des Fertigkeitserwerbs aus Beispielen. Viele Lernende nutzen dieses didaktische Potenzial jedoch nicht. In drei Experimenten (jeweils N = 80) wurden daher instruktionale Unterstützungsmethoden zur Kompensation strategischer Defizite untersucht. In Experiment 1 wurde geprüft, ob eine Linearisierung des Lernmaterials durch eine Reduktion von Kontrollanforderungen und eine quantitative Steigerung der Beispielnutzung die Leistung verbessert. In Experiment 2 wurde durch unvollständige Lösungsbeispiele und Feedback versucht, eine qualitativ intensivere Auseinandersetzung mit Beispielen anzuregen und Verständnisillusionen zu reduzieren. In Experiment 3 wurden Verarbeitungsprompts eingesetzt, um eine intensivere Elaboration der Beziehungen zwischen abstrakter Information und Beispielen zu bewirken. Die Experimente zeigen, dass vor allem Prompts Lernende dazu anregen, die Vorteile von Hypertexten zu nutzen.
Einfluss des Bearbeitungsziels auf die Strategiewahl beim hypertextgestützten Lernen
Authors: Brunstein Angela , Krems Josef F.
Published: April 2005

Zusammenfassung: In der Problemlöseforschung und Hypertextforschung zeigte sich wiederholt, dass Lerner mit unspezifischem bzw. spezifischem Bearbeitungsziel unterschiedlich vom bearbeiteten Material profitieren. Leser mit unspezifischem Ziel erwerben eher breites allgemeines und transferierbares Wissen, während sich Sucher, die nach spezifischen Details im Material suchten, eher gründliches aber nicht transferierbares Detailwissen aneignen. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte, welche Bearbeitungsstrategien diesen Befunden zugrunde liegen. 40 Studenten bearbeiteten zwei Kapitel zur englischen Grammatik mit unspezifischem Leseziel bzw. spezifischem Suchziel, wobei sie Regeln, Beispiele und Übungen bearbeiteten. Passend zu den in der Literatur berichteten Unterschieden im erworbenen Wissen zeigten die Logfiles der Lernsitzungen, dass Leser zwar mehr Seiten besuchten als Sucher, sich allerdings auch kürzer dort aufhielten. Zusätzlich investierten beide Gruppen mehr Zeit in das Lesen der Regeln als in das Bearbeiten der Übungen. Navigationsstile und Verarbeitungszeiten werden in Zusammenhang mit den Lernergebnissen vor dem Hintergrund der Problemlöse- und Hypertextforschung diskutiert.
Zum Effekt unterschiedlicher Navigationshilfen beim Lernen mit Hypertexten
Authors: Müller-Kalthoff Thiemo , Möller Jens
Published: April 2005

Zusammenfassung: Grafische Übersichten über die Dokumentstruktur gelten als geeignete Maßnahme, um hypertextspezifisches Lernen zu fördern. Mit der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Eignung unterschiedlicher grafischer Übersichten (Inhaltsübersicht oder Browser) bei unterschiedlichem Lerner-Vorwissen überprüft. N = 99 Studierende bearbeiteten einen Hypertext zum Thema Lernen und Gedächtnis und beantworteten anschließend Fragen, die das einfache Behalten von Fakten und das tiefer gehende Verstehen der Lerninhalte auf globaler und lokaler Ebene des Textes erfassten. Erwartungsgemäß spielte die Gestaltung der Übersicht eine entscheidende Rolle. Lernende mit der grafischen Inhaltsübersicht profitierten stärker von der Übersicht als Lernende mit dem grafischen Browser, der durch die detaillierte Darstellung aller Knoten und Links offenbar zur Überforderung beigetragen hat. Die grafische Inhaltsübersicht erleichterte das Behalten auf globaler, nicht aber auf lokaler Ebene des Textes. Ein höherer Lernerfolg auf lokaler Ebene fand sich nur, wenn es um die vertiefte Verarbeitung des Lernmaterials (d. h. den Erwerb von Strukturwissen) ging. Diese Vorteile zeigten sich sowohl für Lernende mit niedrigem als auch für Lernende mit hohem Vorwissen.
The Impact of Neuropsychological Testing on the Emotional State of Patients with Major Depression
Authors: Beblo Thomas , Lahr Denise , Hartje Wolfgang
Published: April 2005

Abstract: Neuropsychological testing is regarded as being possibly strenuous for patients, however, empirical data are missing. The aim of our exploratory study was an initial investigation of the emotional state before and after the administration of a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery in patients with major depression. Twenty-four patients with major depression and 17 healthy subjects were investigated using a German multidimensional questionnaire (“Eigenschaftswörterliste,” EWL-K). The emotional state of the subjects improved during testing with a more pronounced improvement in the patients group. The results might encourage clinicians not to avoid comprehensive neuropsychological test batteries in depressive patients when indicated. Further research is needed to confirm and further clarify these results.
M.F. oder: Phineas Gage und Demenzschnelltests
Authors: Kringler Wolfgang
Published: April 2005

Zusammenfassung: Dieser Beitrag stellt einen 57-jährigen Patienten dar, der mit einer Demenzdiagnose in der psychosomatischen Abteilung einer Rehabilitationsklinik angemeldet wurde. Die Demenzdiagnose wurde in der neurologischen Abteilung einer Akutklinik aufgrund von zwei Demenzschnelltests (Mini-Mental Status Test und DemTect) gestellt. Ein differenzialdiagnostischer Hinweis auf “verminderte Schwingungsfähigkeit” wurde nicht weiter verfolgt. Bei ausführlicher neuropsychologischer Diagnostik und Anamnese in der Rehabilitationsklinik ließ sich diese Demenzdiagnose jedoch nicht aufrecht erhalten. Zudem verbesserte sich der Patient während seines sechswöchigen Aufenthaltes in seinen neuropsychologischen Leistungsparametern stetig. Der Patient und seine Ehefrau wurden ausführlich beraten und es konnte eine private, medizinische und berufliche Perspektive aufgezeigt werden. Insgesamt wird für eine sorgfältige und interdisziplinäre Vorgehensweise bei der Demenzdiagnostik geworben.
Hemisphärische Gedächtnisdominanz bei selektiver Amygdalahippokampektomie
Authors: Albert Djana , Opwis Klaus , Wieser Heinz Gregor , Regard Marianne
Published: April 2005

Zusammenfassung: Die Dynamik der Gedächtnisleistung von Patienten mit medialer Temporallappenepilepsie nach selektiver Amygdalahippokampektomie (AHE) wurde in zwei Studien untersucht. 48 Patienten beurteilten in einer katamnestischer Befragung ihr Gedächtnis. Im Vergleich zu Gesunden (n = 40) schätzten Patienten, unabhängig der Läsionsseite, ihr Gedächtnis schlechter ein. Patienten nach rechtsseitiger AHE neigten zur Unterschätzung ihrer Leistung. Retrospektiv untersuchten wir das modalitätsspezifische Gedächtnismuster von 68 Patienten in Bezug auf prä- und postoperative Veränderung, Läsionsseite, motorische und perzeptive Dominanz. Das verbale und figurale Gedächtnis, gemessen vor der AHE und drei Monate danach, ergab signifikant niedrigere Leistungen bei links- gegenüber rechtsseitigen Läsionen. Postoperativ kam es zu einer signifikanten Verschlechterung der verbalen Gedächtnisleistung in der linksseitig operierten Gruppe. Nur bei der Hälfte der Fälle fand sich die erwartete Asymmetrie der Gedächtnisleistungen (links: verbal schwächer als figural, rechts: figural schwächer als verbal). Zwischen Gedächtnisdominanz, Händigkeit (motorische Dominanz) und Sprachdominanz (perzeptive Dominanz) konnten keine eindeutigen Zusammenhänge gefunden werden. Unsere Resultate legen eine linksseitige Dominanz für die gemessenen Gedächtnisprozesse nahe. Diese Dominanz erweist sich als äußerst plastisch, und scheint weitgehend unabhängig und flexibler als die motorische und perzeptive Dominanz.
Large temperature variability in the southern African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Powers Lindsay A. , Johnson Thomas C. , Werne Josef P. , Castañeda Isla S. , Hopmans Ellen C. , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Schouten Stefan
Published: April 2005

The role of the tropics in global climate change is actively debated, particularly in regard to the timing and magnitude of thermal and hydrological response. Continuous, high‐resolution temperature records through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from tropical oceans have provided much insight but surface temperature reconstructions do not exist from tropical continental environments. Here we used the TEX86 paleotemperature proxy to reconstruct mean annual lake surface temperatures through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Lake Malawi, East Africa (9°–14°S). We find a ∼3.5°C overall warming since the LGM, with temperature reversals of ∼2°C during the Younger Dryas (12.5 ka BP) and at 8.2 ka BP. Maximum Holocene temperatures of ∼29°C were found at 5 ka BP, a period preceding severe drought in Africa. These results suggest a substantial thermal response of southeastern tropical Africa to deglaciation and to varying conditions during the Holocene.
High precision earthquake locations in Koyna‐Warna seismic zone reveal depth variation in brittle‐ductile transition zone
Authors: Srinagesh D. , Rajagopala Sarma P.
Published: April 2005

The Koyna‐Warna region located in the southwestern part of Deccan Volcanic Province is known for sustained seismicity during the last four decades. Catalog P and S phase data of local earthquakes recorded by the Koyna‐Warna digital network were used to relocate 609 earthquakes using double difference algorithm. The relocated seismicity patterns delineate the presence of three fault segments and variation in the brittle–ductile transition depths amongst the individual faults as the earthquake foci in the north are limited up to 11 km depth whilst in the south they are confined up to 6–8 km. The focal mechanism solutions also indicate distinct styles of faulting amongst the three inferred fault segments. The variation in brittle‐ductile transition zone is probably controlled due to the geometry of the fault system and the effective stress.