bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MUSIC EDUCATION: THE PATH TO SOCIAL JUSTICE
Authors: DANĚK ALOIS
Published: January 2025

Music is a powerful phenomenon that constantly surprises us with its potential. This paper will present the results of our research on the effect of musical activities on individuals at risk of social exclusion and on pupils with special educational needs. We will put our findings into the theoretical framework of the El Sistema programme and the Suzuki Method, from which we have drawn. Based on our results, we will discuss the possibilities of music activities for the social field. We will conclude the paper with a call for a more intensive link between the musical and social spheres to accelerate the social justice process.
OFFSHORING AND ITS IMPACT ON V4 LABOR MARKET: THE URGENT NEED FOR UPSKILLING AND COMPETENCE ADAPTATION
Authors: ĎURČOVÁ JÚLIA , STELMAKH KARINA
Published: January 2025

Over the past 20 years, production processes have become more fragmented, with various stages offshored to different locations, impacting international and domestic labor markets. CEE countries have become key offshoring destinations due to their skilled labor and competitive costs. This study aims to assess how shifts in international production affect labor markets in the V4 countries. We estimate a system of employment-share equations derived from a translog cost function, incorporating offshoring and domestic outsourcing, using the SUR method. Our findings suggest that offshoring negatively impacts employment for less-skilled occupations, while its effect on high-skilled jobs is insignificant. Thus, the need for continuous training and upskilling of the workforce to maintain competitiveness is highlighted by our findings.
Program “Sang Penyintas” Berjuang Sembuh dari Covid-19 terhadap Gangguan Psikologis Pasien Terkonfirmasi
Authors: Andriyanto Arief , Wicaksono Arif , Dewi Catur Prasastia Lukita
Published: January 2025

Banyak orang yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 harus menjalani isolasi mandiri sehingga menyebabkan penderitanya mengalami ketakutan, kecemasan, dan kepanikan karena virus ini telah memakan banyak korban jiwa. Gangguan psikologis yang terjadi harus segera diatasi melalui program yang sesuai dengan permasalahan yang dialami pasien terkonfirmasi yang sedang menjalani karantina. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis program “Sang Penyintas” berjuang sembuh dari COVID-19 terhadap gangguan psikologis pasien terkonfirmasi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pra eksperimen one-group pre-post test design. Sampel diambil berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling sejumlah 53 responden dengan kriteria inklusi, yakni pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 tanpa gejala atau gejala ringan dan menjalani isolasi di rumah karantina. Kriteria eksklusi adalah pasien dengan gejala berat dan menjalani perawatan di rumah sakit. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan Self-Reporting Questionnaire-29. Analisis menggunakan uji statistik paired t-test (<0,05). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan p-value 0,001 yang berarti ada pengaruh program “Sang Penyintas” berjuang sembuh dari covid-19 terhadap gangguan psikologis pasien terkonfirmasi dengan nilai rerata sebelum program 15,89 menjadi 8,57. Tenaga kesehatan khususnya perawat dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan pada klien harus lebih komprehensif dan mengenal respon yang diberikan klien untuk dapat mencegah terjadinya gangguan psikologis berkelanjutan.
Hubungan Pembelajaran Hybrid (Online-Offline) dengan Nilai Akademik, Kompetensi Keterampilan dan Kepuasan Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Asuhan Persalinan dan Bayi Baru Lahir
Authors: Yuwansyah Yeti , Herman Herry , Husen Ike R.
Published: January 2025

Kombinasi pembelajaran online dan offline berdampak kepada pengetahuan afektif dan keterampilan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan metode pembelajaran kombinasi offline-online dengan kompetensi, nilai akademik dan kepuasaan mahasiswa pada mata kuliah asuhan persalinan dan bayi baru lahir. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort restropektif dan melibatkan 175 mahasiswa yang mengikuti perkuliahan asuhan persalinan secara penuh (lebih dari 14 kali pertemuan) dan ujian akhir semester. Pengumpulan data menggunakan rekap nilai dosen dan untuk evaluasi kepuasan mahasiswa melalui sistem akademik yang telah tersedia. Analisis data menggunakan chi square menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara metode offline-online dengan kompetensi keterampilan mahasiswa (r = 0,000) dan nilai akademik mahasiswa (r = 0,005) pada mata kuliah asuhan persalinan dan bayi baru lahir. Sedangkan antara metode offline-online dengan kepuasan mahasiswa ditemukan tidak berhubungan. Pengembangan metode pembelajaran dari konvensional ke pembelajaran kombinasi offline dan online diperlukan. Pembelajaran kombinasi offline dan online harus dirancang secara baik dan sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran sehingga mahasiswa dapat mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan baik.
Analisis Faktor Internal, Pencahayaan, Kelembapan dan Suhu Rumah dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis
Authors: Nurjannah Siti , Yuantari MG. Catur
Published: January 2025

Kasus tuberkulosis di Kota Semarang berada pada peringkat ke enam angka kasus terbanyak di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor internal, pencahayaan, kelembaban, dan suhu dengan kejadian tuberkulosis. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kuantitatif observasional dengan pendekatan case control. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 104 responden dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling dan kriteria inklusi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dillakukan yaitu pengumpulan data sekunder, survei awal, obeservasi dan wawancara. Instrumen yang digunakan antara lain kuesioner, Lux Meter dan Hygrometer. Teknik analisis menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan antara variabel jenis kelamin (OR 0,257; 95%CI; 0,110-0,598), tingkat pendidikan, status marital (OR 0,229; 95%CI; 0,90-0,582), pencahayaan (OR 0,099; 95%CI; 0,40-0,244), kelembapan (OR 0,082; 95%CI; 0,029-0,226), dan kebiasaan menjemur alas tidur (OR 9,553; 95%CI; 3,727-24,487) dengan kejadian tuberkulosis di Kecamatan Semarang Utara. Variabel tingkat pendapatan, status pekerjaan, dan suhu tidak ada hubungannya dengan kejadian tuberkulosi di Kecamatan Semarang Utara.
Pengaruh Baby SPA, Lama Screen Time dan Kebisingan terhadap Kualitas Tidur Batita
Authors: Yunia Sari Nunik Ike , Maringga Estin Gita
Published: January 2025

Masalah tidur dialami sekitar 44,2 % pada bayi di Indonesia. 72% orang tua tidak menganggap gangguan tidur sebagai masalah tumbuh kembang anak, sehingga tidak ditangani secara maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh baby SPA, lama screen time dan kebisingan terhadap kualitas tidur anak. Desain penelitian bersifat analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross-sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 1 Oktober 2023 sampai 30 November 2023 di Sun Baby SPA dan Alodea Baby Care. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 80 ibu balita yang mengikuti baby SPA. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Variabel yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini meliputi baby SPA, lama screen time, kebisingan dan kualitas tidur anak. Data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire sementara data khusus lainnya diisi secara online melalui link google form. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisa secara multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara baby SPA, lama screen time dan kebisingan terhadap kualitas tidur anak (p<0,05). Hasil regresi logistik menunjukkan lama screen time memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap kualitas tidur anak (p=0,018, OR= 8,058). Lama screen time harus mendapatkan perhatian khusus dari orang tua karena pengurangan paparan screen time pada anak berpengaruh pada kualitas tidur maupun tumbuh kembang anak.
Discourse on Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Munkar in Islamic Theology
Authors: Akhmad Jazuli Afandi
Published: January 2025

Abstract: This article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the theory and application of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar in Islamic Theology. Amar ma'ruf nahi munkar is the practical side of Shari’a Islamiyah; regardless of their theological affiliation, every Muslim must perform it. This research thoroughly examines the primary issue through descriptive methodology and hermeneutic analysis to accomplish this objective. In Turâth Islamy, the ulama understands it differently, as the data collection and analysis results show. Qâdi 'Abd al-Jabbâr, one of the Mu'tazilite scholars, wrote in Sharh al-Ushûl al-Khamsah discussing the concept of Amar Makruf Nahi Munkar; al-Ghazali and al-Zamakhsarî have also reflected on it. The most authoritative sources in the Muslim world show that the Amar Makruf Nahi Munkar contained the element and value of humanism. It provides various important points and guidelines that individuals can apply in real-life situations. Among these points and guidelines are the doctrine that judging for good must be done in stages, according to the competence of the offender, and using appropriate methods.
Investigating the implementation of a new protocol and clinical tool designed to assess the audiological needs of individuals with hearing loss in clinical settings
Authors: Hotton Mathieu , Chauvette Loonan , Poulin Sandie , Gagné Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Few clinical protocols are presently available to guide hearing healthcare professionals who are responsible for conducting comprehensive audiological needs assessments with their clients. The Québec Audiological Assessment Protocol for Younger and Older Adults (QAAP-YOA) was recently developed for this purpose. This pilot study is the third phase in the development of the QAAP-YOA. Its objective was to assess the implementation of the QAAP-YOA in clinical settings.

Methods

Audiologists (n = 5) and adults with hearing loss (n = 29) participated in the study. Audiologists were trained to use the QAAP-YOA. Then, they administered the QAAP-YOA to clients. Needs assessment reports and QAAP-YOA clinical tools written by audiologists following these assessments were analyzed. Data related to the audiologists' workflow were collected. Individual semi-structured interviews were also conducted with participants to explore their experience.

Results

Audiologists judged the QAAP-YOA relevant and useful. It allowed them to perform more comprehensive and consistent needs assessments, and to formulate more adequate recommendations. Compliance ratings for assessment reports were higher after training (p < 0.001), particularly when the clinical tool was used. Participants were satisfied with the QAAP-YOA, but longer appointments and additional time for record keeping was required to implement it.

Conclusions

Audiologists can benefit from using the QAAP-YOA. Digitalizing the clinical tool may help reduce the time required to administer the procedure, facilitate its use and allow for possibility of adapting the protocol to specific clientele and work settings.
Nanocurcumin in myocardial infarction therapy: emerging trends and future directions
Authors: Lv Mei , Sun Qing , Yu Yilin , Bao Jinwei
Published: January 2025

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Curcumin has been observed to significantly reduce pathological processes associated with MI. Its clinical application is limited due to its low bioavailability, rapid degradation, and poor solubility. Advancements in nanotechnology can be used to enhance its therapeutic potentials in MI. Curcumin nano-formulation enhances its solubility, stability, and bioavailability, allowing more precise delivery to ischemic cardiac tissue. Curcumin nanoparticles have been observed to successfully reduce infarct size, maintain heart function by modulating essential molecular pathways in MI. Its liposomal formulations provide sustained release and higher tissue penetration with improved pharmacokinetics and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Preclinical studies revealed that nanocurcumin drastically lower oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory cytokines, and cardiac damage. Micelles composed of polymers have demonstrated high biocompatibility and targeting capabilities with increased cardio-protective effects. Research and clinical trials are essential for comprehensive analysis and efficacy of curcumin-based nano-therapeutics in cardiovascular condition and lowering risk of MI.
Investigation of thermal comfort under face masks wearing conditions in the smart building
Authors: Orman Łukasz J. , Dębska Luiza , Honus Stanislav , Radek Norbert , Adamczak Stanisław , Siwczuk Natalia
Published: January 2025

The paper analyses thermal comfort of people wearing face masks. The study took place in the selected classrooms of the smart building “Energis” located in Poland. In the experiments 100 respondents participated. They filled in the questionnaire forms, in which they expressed their subjective assessment of the indoor thermal environment. Simultaneously, measurements of the physical parameters within the rooms were performed with a microclimate meter. The results clearly show that the use of face masks influenced thermal sensations of the people - they felt warmer than without the face mask on (at the same air temperature). Moreover, the respondents who wore the masks indicated that the air was more humid in relation to the case when the masks are not applied. The comparison of the obtained actual thermal sensations of the respondents with the calculation results according to the thermal comfort model proved that the model was unable to properly predict thermal sensations of people wearing face masks.
Dynamics of coagulation proteins upon ICU admission and after one year of recovery from COVID-19: a preliminary study
Authors: Behar-Lagares Raquel , Virseda-Berdices Ana , Martínez-González Óscar , Blancas Rafael , Homez-Guzmán Marcela , Manteiga Eva , Churruca-Sarasqueta Juan , Manso-Álvarez Madian , Algaba Ángela , Resino Salvador , Fernández-Rodríguez Amanda , Jiménez-Sousa María A.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the association of baseline coagulation proteins with hospitalization variables in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU, as well as coagulation system changes after one-year post-discharge, taking into account gender-specific bias in the coagulation profile.

Methods

We conducted a prospective longitudinal study on 49 ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients. Proteins were measured using a Luminex 200™. The association between coagulation protein levels and hospitalization variables was carried out by generalized linear models adjusted by the most relevant covariates.

Results

At ICU admission, lower factor XII, antithrombin, and protein C levels were linked to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or its duration (p=0.028; p=0.047 and p=0.015, respectively). Likewise, lower factor XII, antithrombin, and prothrombin levels were associated with longer ICU length of stay (ICU LOS) (p=0.045; p=0.022; p=0.036, respectively). From baseline to the end of the follow-up, factor XII, antithrombin, prothrombin, and protein C levels notably increased in patients with longer ICU LOS. One-year post-discharge, differences were found for factor IX, aPTT, and INR. Gender-stratified analysis showed sustained alterations in males.

Conclusions

Depleted specific coagulation factors on ICU admission are associated with increased severity in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Most coagulation alterations recover one-year post-discharge, except for factor IX, aPTT and INR, which remain reduced.
Contextualizing code-switching: testing the effects of reggaetón labels and listening frequency in an Acceptability Judgment Task
Authors: Callesano Salvatore , Delgado Rodrigo , Ma Wenyue , Trybulec Erin , Reyes Gabriella
Published: January 2025

This study presents an Acceptability Judgment Task (AJT) conducted with Latinx1 Spanish-English bilinguals in the United States. We take a social approach to the AJT by contextualizing code-switching (CS) within the context of reggaetón music by adding experimental labels to sentences and examine how the results vary according to enjoyment and frequency of listening to reggaetón music. Results from mixed-effects regression models show effects of sentence grammaticality and frequency of listening to reggaetón. Results do not show effects of the reggaetón label on the CS sentences, however we find higher ratings for ungrammatical sentences and lower ratings for grammatical sentences than previously shown in the AJT literature. This study highlights the importance of the social context of code-switching when investigating acceptability judgments.
Computational thinking in STEM education: current state-of-the-art and future research directions
Authors: Tariq Rasikh , Aponte Babines Bertha Maria , Ramirez Jesus , Alvarez-Icaza Inés , Naseer Fawad
Published: January 2025

The knowledge society exists mainly due to advancing technology and the exponential development of professionals’ capabilities. Digital transformation and new technologies generate complex environments demanding high-level skills. This work analyzes the current state of pedagogical approaches with a special focus on project-based learning that develops computational thinking in STEM students. A Systematic Literature Review examined the current state of pedagogical approaches along with project-based learning aimed at enhancing computational thinking within the context of higher education. Results allowed us to infer that (a) computational thinking promotes sustainable development through STEM education and novel teaching practices; (b) it is a fundamental skill for the problem-solving processes that evolve with technological progress; (c) its development is a global concern, not limited to a country’s development level; and (d) its introduction at an early stage provides opportunities for the advancement of vulnerable groups. Outlining, this study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using PRISMA 2020 guidelines to analyze pedagogical approaches including project-based learning for enhancing computational thinking in STEM higher education, identifying global research trends, common strategies, and areas for improvement, while proposing a framework to align computational thinking skills with emerging technological challenges and promote sustainable educational practices. This study presents relevant results on the construction of state-of-the-art computational thinking and education; it is valuable for curricular design underpinning disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches.
Improving long-term postoperative survival in a porcine cardiac valve surgery model utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass via left thoracotomy: a single-center experience sharing insights
Authors: Xia Qingping , Cao Yong , Li Jialuan , Jiang Jie , Lu Xuan , Deng Li
Published: January 2025

Objective

The objective of this study was to improve long-term postoperative survival in a porcine cardiac valve surgery model by utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) via left thoracotomy. The study aimed to share refined techniques and insights accumulated over years at a single-center animal clinical trial facility.

Method

A total of 196 Chinese Large White pigs weighing between 60 and 75 kg were used in the study. All animals underwent cardiac valve surgeries via left thoracotomy with CPB. Surgical techniques included mitral valve replacement, mitral valve repair, aortic valve replacement, OZAKI procedure, ascending aorta replacement, and left ventricular assist device implantation. Anesthesia and CPB protocols were optimized to minimize stress and complications. Postoperative care was standardized to enhance recovery and survival.

Result

All 196 pigs survived the surgical procedures, with no deaths reported. The mean surgical duration was 168.55 ± 38.75 min, CPB time was 114.89 ± 32.11 min, and aortic cross-clamp time was 76.75 ± 21.33 min. Automatic heart resumption occurred in 63.8% of pigs, while the remainder required electrical defibrillation or cardiac massage. The postoperative mechanical ventilation time was 2.44 ± 0.58 min, and the average drainage volume at 2 h postoperatively was 27.50 ± 9.70 ml. There were no cases of postoperative hemorrhage complications or blood transfusions, and surgical site infections occurred in only 1.5% of pigs.

Conclusion

The surgical approach utilizing left thoracotomy with CPB has proven effective in significantly enhancing long-term survival rates in porcine heart surgeries. The refined techniques and standardized operational procedures described in this study offer valuable insights for researchers aiming to improve the success of porcine heart valve surgical models. However, due to differences in animal anatomy, the applicability of this surgical approach to other animal models still requires further exploration.
Immigration patterns inferred from oxygen isotope analysis of human teeth from the Tylos-period Maqaba burial mounds in Bahrain
Authors: Itahashi Yu , Okazaki Kenji , Yoshimura Kazuhisa , Oyabu Yumiko , Saito Kiyohide
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The aim of this study was to determine the geographic origin of human remains in the Maqaba burial mounds cluster dating from the Tylos period (approximately 330 BC to AD 300) in Bahrain, using stable oxygen isotope analysis of dental enamel from teeth found in the mounds. During the Tylos period, Bahrain was an important hub for trade routes between the Mediterranean, Mesopotamia, and India. Therefore, immigrants who traveled as merchants for cross-regional trade are possible candidates for the buried remains. In particular, we hypothesized that these tombs are occupied by Palmyrene settlers who migrated from Syria to Bahrain.

Methods

To test this hypothesis, we performed a detailed oxygen isotope analysis of dental enamel from skeletons in the mound to infer their geographic origins. Oxygen isotopic signatures of water from modern springs, wells, precipitation, and bottled water sourced from Bahraini wells were used as contemporary proxies for ancient oasis water, allowing a comparison to be made between enamel and water compositions.

Results and discussion

Our results indicate that many of the individuals interred in the Maqaba burial mounds cluster originated from higher latitudes than that of Bahrain, suggesting that they were immigrants who were involved in trade or administration, rather than native Bahrainis. Future studies are expected to provide more archaeological evidence that will clarify the exact origins of these immigrants.
Goal setting in higher education: how, why, and when are students prompted to set goals? A systematic review
Authors: Martins van Jaarsveld Gabrielle , Wong Jacqueline , Baars Martine , Specht Marcus , Paas Fred
Published: January 2025

The increasingly digital landscape of higher education has highlighted the importance of self-regulated learning in digital learning environments. To support this, academic goal setting is frequently used to enhance self-regulated learning in order to improve academic performance. Although many studies have explored the implementation of goal setting activities as behavioral modifiers, the implementation of goal setting across these studies is varied, and there is little consensus on the components which should be included and reported when studying goal setting activities. To provide an overview of the current state of the field, a systematic review was carried out examining studies which implemented academic goal setting activities within higher education over the last 14 years (2010–2024) to determine for whom, in what contexts, and how goal setting has been implemented. The results from the 60 included studies reveal a wide array of goal setting implementations covering many countries and academic disciplines. Overall, these implementations are highly heterogeneous, with large differences between studies in how goal setting is carried out. However, results also show a strong trend toward partial digitalization, with most studies using technology to deliver their goal setting activities, but very few adopting technologies for any further enhancements or support. Overall, the review reveals a focus on non-experimental studies exploring the content of student goals, with only a small selection testing the effect of goal setting in experimental studies. Based on these results we suggest future work focuses on testing the effect of goal setting, especially focusing on the interplay between the design of the activities and individual student needs, as well as further investigation of how emerging educational technologies can be used to scale and enhance goal setting activities.
Association between Metrnl and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Chunmei , Huang Qiongzhu , Zhuang Yanqian , Chen Pin , Lin Yiyang
Published: January 2025

Objective

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cause of atherosclerosis, as well as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular adverse events. We aimed to evaluate the association of serum Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) level with carotid atherosclerosis as determined by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) status in subjects with T2DM.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 83 T2DM subjects without pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. CIMT was measured by color doppler ultrasonography, while serum Metrnl level was measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) assay. According to the CIMT status, the subjects were divided into two groups: T2DM without atherosclerosis (DM-AS, CIMT<1.0mm) and T2DM with atherosclerosis (DM+AS, CIMT ≥1.0mm or carotid plaque).

Results

Serum Metrnl level was significantly increased in DM+AS group as compared to DM-AS group (0.77 ± 0.24 vs 0.51 ± 0.28 ng/ml, P <0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that T2DM subjects in the fourth quartile of Metrnl levels demonstrated significantly higher risk of the presence of carotid atherosclerosis (P <0.05). The ROC curve used to identify the diagnostic accuracy of serum Metrnl level in the predication of T2DM subjects with carotid atherosclerosis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.742. The optimal cut-off value was 0.61 ng/ml with a sensitivity of 77.6% and a specificity of 58.8%.

Conclusions

This cross-sectional study clearly demonstrated that elevated serum Metrnl level was significantly associated with higher risk of the presence of carotid atherosclerosis. Metrnl is a promising therapeutic target for T2DM and its macro-vascular diseases.
Association between serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among Chinese children with obesity
Authors: Liu Meijuan , Cao Bingyan , Luo Qipeng , Song Yanning , Liu Kai , Wu Di
Published: January 2025

Background

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. The serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) has been recognized as a novel marker for metabolic diseases, including MASLD. However, all previous studies were performed in adults.

Objectives

To explore the relationship between the UHR and MASLD in Chinese children with obesity.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted including 1284 obese children hospitalized at Beijing Children’s Hospital between January 2016 and December 2022. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines were performed to assess the association between the UHR and the odds of MASLD. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to estimate the diagnostic value of UHR for MASLD in children with obesity.

Results

The prevalence of MASLD was high, which reached 61.76% in children with obesity. UHR levels were higher in obese children with MASLD than those with non-MASLD for both genders. After dividing all individuals into three groups according to the tertiles of UHR, the prevalence rate of MASLD increased progressively from the tertile 1 to tertile 3 of UHR (34.11% vs. 70.56% vs. 80.61%). Logistic regression analysis showed that obese children with higher UHR levels were significantly associated with MASLD risk, independent of confounding factors such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and creatinine (Cr). The non-linear relationship analysis demonstrated that a UHR between approximately 300 and 900 suggested a saturation effect of MASLD risk. ROC analysis indicated that UHR might serve as a predictive marker for diagnosing MASLD in obese children.

Conclusions

In children with obesity, UHR is significantly associated with MASLD and might serve as a novel and useful predictor for MASLD onset.
Utilizing the renal and vertebral contours as landmarks for right adrenal vein localization in primary aldosteronism: a retrospective analysis of 310 cases
Authors: Sha Wei , Du Yun , Rong Shunkang , Yao Yuanqing , Xiong Bo , Liu Han , Qian Jun
Published: January 2025

Background

Adrenal Vein Sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for categorizing primary aldosteronism (PA). However, catheterization of the right adrenal vein (RAV) can be technically challenging. This study aimed to investigate the validity of the right renal vertebral contour as fluoroscopic landmarks to help RAV orifice localization during AVS.

Methods

Imaging data of 310 PA patients were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into Normal, Overweight, and Obese group based on their body mass index (BMI). A novel Renal-Vertebral-Angle (R-V-A) model was employed to delineate the distribution of the RAV orifice. This model concerned a cruciate cross formed by the upper edge of the right renal and the right edge of vertebral contour under fluoroscopy. The area within a 2 cm×2 cm square in the left upper quadrant of this cross was defined as the R-V-A. The success rate of AVS was compared across different BMI groups, as well as the differences in the distribution of the RAV orifice within the R-V-A.

Results

Successful RAV sampling was achieved in 270 cases, while the success rate of RAV sampling was found to be lower in the Obese group. The majority of the RAV orifices were located within the R-V-A region (249/270, 92.2%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of RAV orifices across the BMI groups (Normal vs. Overweight vs. Obese: 92.2% vs. 91.9% vs. 93.3%, p=0.968). In contrast to patients with successful RAV sampling, a significantly lower proportion of sampling site were found within the R-V-A in cases with mis-catheterized cases (92.2% vs. 55.6%, p<0.001).

Conclusion

The R-V-A model could be utilized as an anatomical landmark for the RAV orifice localization on fluoroscopy, that might help to narrow down the exploration range for RAV catheterization, and might offer beneficial assistance in enhancing the success rate for AVS.
Unraveling the dual threat: sarcopenia and insufficient physical activity in diabetes risk
Authors: Shi Hui
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the alterations in diabetes risk associated with sarcopenia and insufficient physical activity, as well as the demographic shifts within the diabetic population.

Method

Utilizing pertinent data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database spanning 2011 to 2018, the criteria for sarcopenia were established by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. These criteria were calculated using lean body mass data in conjunction with body mass index data. Physical activity levels were assessed using the PAQ questionnaire from the NHANES database. The presence of diabetes was determined through the DIQ questionnaire and the laboratory examination within the NHANES database. The analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression.

Result

The prevalence of both sarcopenia and insufficient physical activity in the diabetic population was 188% greater than in the non-diabetic population. Sarcopenia and insufficient physical activity were positively correlated with an increased risk of diabetes onset, demonstrating a 1.45-fold heightened risk when both conditions were present (OR=2.45,95%CI,1.35-4.44,P<0.05). This combined effect was significantly greater than the risk associated with sarcopenia alone (OR=1.84,95%CI,1.09-3.11,P<0.05) or insufficient physical activity alone (OR=1.55,95%CI,1.11-2.15,P<0.05).

Conclusion

A synergistic relationship exists between sarcopenia and insufficient physical activity, resulting in a markedly elevated risk of diabetes when both conditions are present concurrently. Therefore, comprehensive diabetes management strategies should prioritize populations exhibiting both sarcopenia and insufficient physical activity.
Does energy-consuming right trading policy achieve a low-carbon transition of the energy structure? A quasi-natural experiment from China
Authors: Chen Ye , Zhong Bin , Guo Bingnan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The implementation of energy-consuming right trading (ECRT) policy in 2017 is a major measure to promote the construction of ecological civilization and green development, which also aligns with the global trend towards sustainable energy management and carbon emission reduction.

Methods

Based on energy consumption data in China from 2010 to 2021, this paper utilizes the Difference-in-Differences (DID) method to assess the extent and process of the impact of energy consuming right trading policy on the low-carbon transition of the energy structure. The transmission mechanism of industrial structure upgrading and the new-quality productive forces in the impact process was discussed, and the regulatory role of environmental regulations was tested.

Results

The findings indicate: 1) ECRT has a strong driving effect on the low-carbon transition of the energy structure. 2) ECRT can promote low-carbon transition of the energy structure through the dual channel of promoting industrial structure upgrading and new quality productive forces. 3) The influence of ECRT on the low-carbon transition of the energy structure is different in different regions, and the higher degree of industrial agglomeration and renewable energy-rich regions are more significantly promoted by new quality productivity. 4) Environmental regulation has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between ECRT and low-carbon transition of the energy structure. 5) Furthermore, the exploratory analysis reveals that the positive impacts of ECRT policies on the low-carbon Transition of the energy structure translates into higher green total factor productivity and lower environmental pollution, which promotes the sustainable development of the low-carbon Transition of the energy structure.

Discussion

This paper responds to the basic question of whether energy use rights policies can promote the low-carbon Transition of the energy structure, and provides empirical evidence and policy reference not only for the development of China’s environmental policy and the direction of energy consumption but also for the international community’s efforts in sustainable energy and environmental governance.
Diagnostic accuracy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific triple-color FluoroSpot assay in differentiating tuberculosis infection status in febrile patients with suspected tuberculosis
Authors: Zhang Lifan , Li Yuanchun , Zou Xiaoqing , Ma Huimin , Gao Mengqiu , Ge Qiping , Zhang Yueqiu , Yang Zhengrong , Song Xinuo , Yang Qiwen , Liu Xiaoqing
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific triple-color FluoroSpot assay (IFN-γ/IL-2/TNF-α) in the differentiation of tuberculosis (TB) infection status in febrile patients.

Method

Febrile patients with suspected active TB (ATB) were consecutively enrolled. The frequencies and proportions of MTB-specific T cells secreting IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α were detected at the single-cell level by triple-color FluoroSpot assay. The diagnostic index was fitted with a binary logistic regression model, and the diagnostic accuracy was evaluated according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values (PV), and likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated.

Result

A total of 210 febrile patients were enrolled, 53 patients were diagnosed with ATB (28 pathogen-confirmed vs. 25 clinically diagnosed) and 157 patients were non-ATB (84 with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) vs. 73 uninfected with MTB). Additionally, 30 pathogen-confirmed ATB patients were assembled. When diagnosing ATB, the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of the MTB-specific triple-color FluoroSpot assay was significantly better than that of T-SPOT.TB (0.882 vs. 0.811, p = 0.017). With the fitted diagnostic index at a cutoff value of 0.378, the sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR- were 74.7%, 93.0%, 10.66, and 0.27, respectively. When differentiating ATB from LTBI, the AUROC of the FluoroSpot assay and T-SPOT.TB was 0.878 and 0.692, respectively (p < 0.001). With a diagnostic index of 0.413, the sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR were 77.1%, 85.7%, 5.40, and 0.27, respectively.

Conclusion

The MTB-specific triple-color FluoroSpot (IFN-γ/IL-2/TNF-α) might be helpful for the differentiation of TB infection status in febrile patients.
Dual in vivo T cell depleted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide and anti-thymocyte globulin as a third salvage transplant for leukocyte adhesion deficiency with graft failure: a case report
Authors: Kiumarsi Azadeh , Alaei Amirarsalan , Nikbakht Mohsen , Mohammadi Saeed , Ostad-Ali Mohammad Reza , Rasti Zahra , Rostami Tahereh
Published: January 2025

Background

With recent advances in clinical practice, including the use of reduced-toxicity conditioning regimens and innovative approaches such as ex vivo TCRαβ/CD19 depletion of haploidentical donor stem cells or post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has emerged as a curative treatment option for a growing population of patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). However, despite these promising developments, graft failure (GF) remains a significant concern associated with HSCT in these patients. Although a second HSCT is the only established salvage therapy for patients who experience GF, there are no uniform, standardized strategies for performing these second transplants. Furthermore, even less data is available regarding the outcomes and best practices for a third HSCT as a salvage measure when a second HSCT fails to achieve engraftment.

Case presentation

A 6-year-old boy with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD-I) experienced GF after the first and second HSCT from a matched unrelated donor. As a salvage measure, the patient received a dual in vivo T-cell depleted haploidentical HSCT. The conditioning regimen for this third HSCT included anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and PTCY. Complete donor chimerism was assessed using the short tandem repeat (STR) PCR technique. By day +28 after the transplant, the expression of the leukocyte adhesion molecules CD18, CD11b, and CD11c on the patient’s peripheral blood neutrophils had recovered to over 99%. It remained stable throughout the 18-month follow-up period.

Conclusion

T-cell replete haploidentical HSCT with ATG and PTCY may be a viable salvage option for LAD patients who have rejected prior HSCT.
Infiltrating T lymphocytes and tumor microenvironment within cholangiocarcinoma: immune heterogeneity, intercellular communication, immune checkpoints
Authors: Dai Yunyan , Dong Chenyang , Wang Zhiming , Zhou Yunpeng , Wang Yi , Hao Yi , Chen Pinggui , Liang Chaojie , Li Gaopeng
Published: January 2025

Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver cancer, and its global incidence has increased in recent years. Radical surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy have traditionally been the standard treatment options. However, the complexity of cholangiocarcinoma subtypes often presents a challenge for early diagnosis. Additionally, high recurrence rates following radical treatment and resistance to late-stage chemotherapy limit the benefits for patients. Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective strategy for treating various types of cancer, and has shown efficacy when combined with chemotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma. Current immunotherapies targeting cholangiocarcinoma have predominantly focused on T lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment, and new immunotherapies have yielded unsatisfactory results in clinical trials. Therefore, it is essential to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the unique tumor microenvironment of cholangiocarcinoma and the pivotal role of T lymphocytes within it. In this review, we describe the heterogeneous immune landscape and intercellular communication in cholangiocarcinoma and summarize the specific distribution of T lymphocytes. Finally, we review potential immune checkpoints in cholangiocarcinoma.
Blood immunophenotyping of multiple sclerosis patients at diagnosis identifies a classical monocyte subset associated to disease evolution
Authors: Rodriguez Stéphane , Couloume Laura , Ferrant Juliette , Vince Nicolas , Mandon Marion , Jean Rachel , Monvoisin Celine , Leonard Simon , Le Gallou Simon , Silva Nayane S. B. , Bourguiba-Hachemi Sonia , Laplaud David , Garcia Alexandra , Casey Romain , Zephir Helene , Kerbrat Anne , Edan Gilles , Lepage Emmanuelle , Thouvenot Eric , Ruet Aurelie , Mathey Guillaume , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Tarte Karin , Delaloy Celine , Amé Patricia , Roussel Mikael , Michel Laure
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Myeloid cells trafficking from the periphery to the central nervous system are key players in multiple sclerosis (MS) through antigen presentation, cytokine secretion and repair processes.

Methods

Combination of mass cytometry on blood cells from 60 MS patients at diagnosis and 29 healthy controls, along with single cell RNA sequencing on paired blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 5 MS patients were used for myeloid cells detailing.

Results

Myeloid compartment study demonstrated an enrichment of a peculiar classical monocyte population in 22% of MS patients at the time of diagnosis. Notably, this patients’ subgroup exhibited a more aggressive disease phenotype two years post-diagnosis. This monocytic population, detected in both the CSF and blood, was characterized by CD206, CD209, CCR5 and CCR2 expression, and was found to be more frequent in MS patients carrying the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele. Furthermore, pathways analysis predicted that these cells had antigen presentation capabilities coupled with pro-inflammatory phenotype.

Discussion

Altogether, these results point toward the amplification of a specific and pathogenic myeloid cell subset in MS patients with genetic susceptibilities.
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach with ideal response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy: a case report
Authors: Li Linchuan , Zhang Dexu , Zhu Jiankang , Zhang Guangyong
Published: January 2025

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS) is a rare subtype of gastric cancer characterized by histological features resembling hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgical intervention remains the preferred treatment modality for eligible patients. However, the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy and alternative treatment regimens has been found to be suboptimal. Consequently, due to the high metastatic potential and unfavorable biological behavior of HAS, the prognosis for affected patients is exceedingly poor. We present a case involving a 64-year-old male diagnosed with advanced HAS, who demonstrated significant antitumor responses following a preoperative regimen of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, specifically utilizing oxaliplatin, S-1, and sintilimab. Over a 2-month period of neoadjuvant therapy, the patient’s serum α-fetoprotein level significantly decreased from 52,951.56 ng/mL to 241.04 ng/mL. Computed tomography scans revealed substantial tumor regression. Subsequent radical surgical intervention confirmed significant tumor shrinkage, with no evidence of lymph node metastasis upon pathological examination. This is the first report of chemotherapy combined with sintilimab in the treatment of gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma, which may provide novel insights into the therapeutic strategy for HAS.
Ascaris lumbricoides a rare cause gastric perforation: a case report and brief literature review
Authors: Xie Tian-Hao , Fu Yan , Ren Xiang-Xiang , Sun Xin-Li , Wang Qiang , Sun Qian
Published: January 2025

Ascaris lumbricoides (AL), a prevalent nematode causing ascariasis, infects millions worldwide, with a higher risk in preschool and school-aged children. Though infections are usually mild, rare and life-threatening complications like gastrointestinal perforation exist. This article documents a case involving a 61-year-old deaf-mute man who presented with a month-long history of epigastric pain accompanied by nausea, anorexia, and constipation. The pain exacerbated, eventually extended to encompass the entire abdomen 4 h prior to being diagnosed with hollow viscus perforation. During the surgical procedure, three live ascarids were discovered within the abdominal cavity, and the jejunum was found to be filled with a large number of ascarids, accompanied by a perforation in the gastric antrum. Subsequently, the ascarids were extracted, and the perforated area was repaired. Postoperatively, the patient underwent anti-infection therapy, acid suppression, gastric mucosa protection, and nutritional support. On postoperative day (POD) 1, a single dose of 400 mg albendazole was administered. Fecal samples on POD 3, 5, and 6 tested positive for AL eggs. The patient recovered smoothly with no evidence of peptic ulcer disease on one-month follow-up endoscopy. Additionally, fecal tests conducted over three consecutive days did not detect any AL eggs. This case highlights the crucial importance of recognizing ascariasis-associated complications and underscores the paramount role of timely surgical intervention in such cases. Meanwhile, this article combines cases of gastrointestinal perforation caused by AL documented in the literature since 1903, elaborates on the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ascariasis, and analyzes the reasons for the occurrence of such complications.