bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of admission in school children with severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Miyaji Yumiko , Yamamoto‐Hanada Kiwako , Fukuie Tatsuki , Narita Masami , Ohya Yukihiro
Published: October 2022

There are no data about risk factor of admission and long‐term (>1 year) prognosis of proactive therapy using topical corticosteroids (TCSs) in school children. This study aims to identify the prognosis of school children over 3 years treated with proactive therapy after hospitalization due to atopic dermatitis (AD). This retrospective cohort study used electronic medical record data of schoolchildren (aged 5–19 years) with a long‐term admission program for AD at the National Center for Child Health and Development from January 2008 to December 2013. Long‐term prognosis at 1 and 3 years after discharge were retrospectively identified from their medical records. The most common exacerbation factor was poor adherence (51.8%). At 1 and 3 years after hospitalization, 87.3% and 74.3%, respectively, of the children used TCSs on their trunk and limbs less than twice a week. Investigator's Global Assessment of AD scores were ≤1 for 81.0%and 75.7% at 1 and 3 years after discharge, respectively. AD was well‐controlled during follow‐up. Rehospitalization due to AD was observed in 11.8% children. Poor adherence was biggest risk factor for admission. Children with severe AD could achieve well‐controlled AD with a long‐term admission AD program and home‐based proactive therapy using TCSs for 3 years after discharge. Maintaining good adherence for AD treatment is required to prevent exacerbation and improve future prognosis in school children. However, we need to engage for the children who required rehospitalization.
Skin rash associated with combined cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy for cancer: A retrospective single‐center case series
Authors: Yahiro Chisato , Takai Toshihiro , Nakatani Shoko , Tanaka Nanako , Goto Aya
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the development of combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and cytotoxic anticancer drugs has radically changed the management of diverse malignancies and significantly improved patient outcomes. Several clinical trials have shown that skin rash caused by combination therapy with ICIs and cytotoxic drugs may be more frequent and severe than that developing after administration of ICIs alone or cytotoxic drug monotherapy. However, most reports provide little information on severity, treatment, post‐diagnosis course, and recurrence of rashes on drug rechallenges. We aimed to describe the experience of skin rashes developing within 2 weeks from the first administration of combination therapy with ICIs and cytotoxic drugs in 11 patients visiting our dermatology department. This study included seven men and four women, and the patients' median age was 52 years. The primary disease was non‐small‐cell lung cancer in eight patients, cervical cancer in two patients, and esophageal cancer in one patient. Nine patients had a maculopapular rash and two patients developed erythema multiforme‐like eruptions. The skin rash was often accompanied by extracutaneous symptoms, such as fever (n = 9), mucositis (n = 4), and liver dysfunction (n = 2). In all cases, the symptoms improved with topical steroid therapy alone, with no patients exhibiting severe symptoms requiring systemic steroids or immunosuppressive agents. In addition, when the causative drugs were re‐administered after recovery from the rash, only two patients relapsed with accompanying systemic symptoms, and all patients except one were able to continue treatment using the same drug regimen. Although it was suggested that the rash caused by the combination therapy of ICIs and cytotoxic drugs may be more prominent than that caused by each agent alone, comprehensive judgment, including histopathological examination, may indicate the feasibility of continuing the treatment regimen for cancer.
Path towards home: Exploring pathways to the development of a sense of home in residential care settings in China
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Yunxiang , Zhan Heying
Published: October 2022

Objective

To understand different pathways leading to older adults' sense of home in residential care environments in China.

Methods

This research adopted the qualitative comparative analysis method to analyse data from 29 interviews. Qualitative comparative analysis is an analytic strategy to systematically analyse potential causal pathways in small‐to‐medium‐sized qualitative datasets.

Results

Findings uncovered four different pathways that older adults followed in their process of constructing a sense of home in residential care environments in China.

Conclusions

This study adds to the body of literature by analysing how a sense of home in residential care environments can be achieved with pathways that contain a combination of sets of necessary, substitutive and absent conditions. It concludes that even though older adults may not live at home, they may achieve a sense of home by the joint effort at institutional, social and personal levels that facilitates older adults to find a sense of home.
Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and macular ganglion cell layer volume in association with motor and cognitive outcomes in 11‐year‐old children born very preterm
Authors: Lehtonen Tuomo , Vesti Eija , Haataja Leena , Nyman Anna , Uusitalo Karoliina , Leinonen Markku T. , Setänen Sirkku ,   the PIPARI Study Group
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to study the association between retinal parameters and motor and cognitive outcomes in children born very preterm.

Methods

This study is part of a prospective cohort study of very preterm infants (birth weight ≤ 1500 grams/gestational age < 32 weeks). At 11 years of age, the ophthalmological assessment included a retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (PRNFL) and the macular ganglion cell layer (GCL). The motor performance was assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children—Second Edition (Movement ABC‐2), and the cognitive outcome with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition (WISC‐IV).

Results

A total of 141 children were included. The mean (SD) average PRNFL was 95 μm (10.2 μm). The mean (SD) macular GCL volume was 0.34 mm3 (0.03 mm3). Higher PRNFL thickness associated with higher percentiles for total scores in the motor assessment (b = 0.5, 95% CI 0.1–0.8, p = 0.01) and higher macular GCL volume with higher scores in the cognitive assessment (b = 1.4, 95% CI 0.5–2.3, p = 0.002), also when adjusted for gender, birth weight z‐score (birth weight in relation to gestational age) and major brain pathology at term.

Conclusion

The associations between higher average PRNFL thickness and better motor performance as well as higher macular GCL volume and better cognitive performance refer to more generalized changes in the brain of 11‐year‐old children born very preterm. Retinal OCT examinations might provide a deeper insight than mere eyesight in long‐term neurodevelopmental follow‐up of children born very preterm.
COVID‐19 increased in Italian children in the autumn and winter 2021–2022 period when Omicron was the dominant variant
Authors: Curatola Antonietta , Ferretti Serena , Graglia Benedetta , Capossela Lavinia , Menchinelli Giulia , Fiori Barbara , Chiaretti Antonio , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Gatto Antonio
Published: October 2022

Aim

We examined the prevalence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in children during the autumn and winter season from 1 September 2021 to 30 January 2022 and compared it with the same period in 2020–2021.

Methods

This study was carried out int the paediatric emergency department (PED) of a tertiary Italian hospital. We compared the clinical and demographical features of all children who presented during the two study periods and tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2.

Results

During the 2021–2022 autumn and winter season 5813 children presented to the PED, 19.0% were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 and 133 (12.0%) of those tested positive. In 2020–2021, 2914 presented to the PED, 12.3% were tested, and 30 (8.3%) of those tested positive. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical severity during the two study periods, despite a higher percentage of neurological symptoms in 2020–2021. Of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive cases, 29/133 (21.8%) were hospitalised during the 2021–2022 season and 10/30 (33.3%) during the previous one. Only 3/163 children required intensive care.

Conclusion

The greater spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 was probably due to the greater transmissibility of the Omicron variant, but the symptoms were mild and only 3 children required intensive care.
It is time for optimal distinctiveness: Corporate social responsibility engagement under dynamic competitive effects during the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Yi Liu , Ruikun Duan
Published: October 2022

Firms tend to seek optimal distinctiveness when choosing CSR engagement timing. Building on the perspectives of optimal distinctiveness and competitive dynamics, this paper explains why firms' CSR engagement timing toward a certain event is affected by dynamic competitive effects. That is, to achieve optimal distinctiveness, focal firms pay more attention to their main competitors that are similar in market, size and resources. We apply a discrete‐time survival analysis of 869 Chinese listed firms' CSR engagement action toward the COVID‐19 pandemic during the first half of 2020. The results support the mechanism that when a highly similar competitor engages in CSR activities, it raises the probability that the focal firm engages itself beyond levels based solely on its own characteristics and common time‐dependent factors.
Periodontal disease in people with a history of psychosis: Results from the UK biobank population‐based study
Authors: Kang Jing , Palmier‐Claus Jasper , Wu Jianhua , Shiers David , Larvin Harriet , Doran Tim , Aggarwal Vishal R.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To test the hypotheses that: (1) Prevalence of periodontal disease would be higher in people with a history of psychosis when compared to the general population and (2) Demographic, life‐style related factors and co‐morbid medical conditions would predict periodontal disease in people experiencing psychosis.

Methods

The authors performed cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from the UK Biobank study (2007–2010), identifying cases with psychosis using clinical diagnosis, antipsychotic medication, and self‐report. Demographic (age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status), lifestyle‐related(BMI, blood pressure, smoking and alcohol intake, physical activity) and physical co‐morbidities (cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, inflammatory disease and metabolic conditions) were included as potential risk factors for periodontal disease among people with a history of psychosis using logistic regression analyses. The analysis sample included 502,505 participants.

Results

Risk of periodontal disease was higher in people with psychosis, regardless of how cases were identified. Patients with a clinical diagnosis had the highest proportion of periodontal disease compared to the general population (21.3% vs. 14.8%, prevalence ratio 1.40, 95% CI: 1.26–1.56). Older and female cases were more likely to experience periodontal disease. Lifestyle factors (smoking) and comorbidities (cardiovascular, cancer or respiratory disease) were associated with periodontal disease among people with a history of psychosis.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that periodontal disease is more common in people with a history of psychosis, compared to the general population. Prevention and early diagnosis of periodontal disease should be a priority for oral health promotion programmes, which should also address modifiable risk factors like smoking which also contribute to co‐morbid systemic disease.
Dilated choroidal vascular channels in pachychoroid neovasculopathy
Authors: Hung Jia‐Horung , Yang Chung‐May , Yang Chang‐Hao , Ho Tzyy‐Chang , Lai Tzo‐Ting , Hsieh Yi‐Ting
Published: October 2022

Background

To elucidate the pattern of the choroidal vasculature in exudative pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) and its correlation with the clinical course and treatment outcomes.

Methods

The retrospective study included consecutive patients in National Taiwan University Hospital between 2014 and 2020 who fulfilled the criteria for exudative PNV defined as active type 1 macular neovascularization (MNV) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and with leakage on fluorescein angiography (FA) or indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) associated with pachychoroid features. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), FA, ICGA, and OCT images obtained by Optovue (Optovue Inc, Freemont CA, USA) spectral domain OCT were evaluated at baseline and various time points during the 12‐month treatment period. The correlations between the choroidal vascular patterns, specifically those with or without dilated choroidal vascular channels (DCVC) revealed by ICGA, and baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes were evaluated using multiple regression models.

Results

The study enrolled 34 eyes of 31 patients. The average age was 59.0 ± 9.3 years, and 20 participants were men. ICGA revealed DCVCs in 21 eyes, while the remaining 13 eyes did not have DCVCs. At baseline, DCVC group was older (p = 0.03) and had a longer duration of visual symptoms (p = 0.02), with a higher vessel density (defined as the percentage of the measured area occupied by flow area) of MNV (p = 0.04), higher proportion of ellipsoid zone disruption (p = 0.01), and poorer CDVA (p = 0.03). After the 12‐month treatment period, the frequency of requirement of anti‐VEGF injections (p < 0.01) was higher, and the risk for CDVA <20/40 was higher (adjusted OR: 5.29, 95% CI: 1.24–22.48, p = 0.02) in eyes with DCVCs.

Conclusions

For PNV, eyes with DCVCs were associated with higher vessel density of macular neovascularization and poorer CDVA at baseline, and had poorer visual and anatomical outcomes although more anti‐VEGF injections were given.
Two decades of stem cell transplantation in patients with Fanconi anemia: Analysis of factors affecting transplant outcomes
Authors: Fink Orly , Even‐Or Ehud , Avni Batia , Grisariu Sigal , Zaidman Irina , Schejter Yael Dinur , NaserEddin Adeeb , Najajreh Mohammad , Stepensky Polina
Published: October 2022

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently the only curative treatment for the hematological complications of patients with Fanconi anemia (FA). Over the last two decades, HSCT outcomes have improved dramatically following the development of regimens tailored for FA patients. In this study, we analyzed genetic, clinical, and transplant data of 41 patients with FA who underwent HSCT at Hadassah Medical Center between November 1996 and September 2020. Overall survival (OS) was 82.9% with a median follow‐up time of 2.11‐years (95% CI, .48–16.56). Thirteen patients (31.7%) developed acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), three of them with grades 3‐4. Nine patients developed chronic GVHD, five had extensive disease. Twelve patients (29.3%) developed stable mixed‐chimerism with complete resolution of bone marrow failure (BMF); none of them had acute nor chronic GVHD. Significantly higher GVHD rates were observed in transplants from peripheral blood stem cell grafts as compared to other stem cell sources (p = .002 for acute and p = .004 for chronic GVHD). Outcome parameters were comparable between HSCT from matched‐sibling (n = 20) to other donors (n = 21), including survival rates (p = .1), time to engraftment (p = .69 and p = .14 for neutrophil and platelet engraftment time, respectively), chimerism status (p = .36 and p = .83 for full‐donor and mixed chimerism, respectively), and GVHD prevalence (p = 1). Our results demonstrate the vast improvements in HSCT outcomes of patients with FA, narrowing the gap between matched‐sibling versus alternative donor transplantations. Our data identifies factors that may significantly affect transplant outcomes such as graft source and chimerism status.
Disturbance indicator values for European plants
Authors: Midolo Gabriele , Herben Tomáš , Axmanová Irena , Marcenò Corrado , Pätsch Ricarda , Bruelheide Helge , Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Aćić Svetlana , Bergamini Ariel , Bergmeier Erwin , Biurrun Idoia , Bonari Gianmaria , Čarni Andraž , Chiarucci Alessandro , De Sanctis Michele , Demina Olga , Dengler Jürgen , Dziuba Tetiana , Fanelli Giuliano , Garbolino Emmanuel , Giusso del Galdo Gianpietro , Goral Friedemann , Güler Behlül , Hinojos‐Mendoza Guillermo , Jansen Florian , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Lengyel Attila , Lenoir Jonathan , Pérez‐Haase Aaron , Pielech Remigiusz , Prokhorov Vadim , Rašomavičius Valerijus , Ruprecht Eszter , Rūsiņa Solvita , Šilc Urban , Škvorc Željko , Stančić Zvjezdana , Tatarenko Irina , Chytrý Milan
Published: October 2022

Motivation

Indicator values are numerical values used to characterize the ecological niches of species and to estimate their occurrence along gradients. Indicator values on climatic and edaphic niches of plant species have received considerable attention in ecological research, whereas data on the optimal positioning of species along disturbance gradients are less developed. Here, we present a new data set of disturbance indicator values identifying optima along gradients of natural and anthropogenic disturbance for 6382 vascular plant species based on the analysis of 736,366 European vegetation plots and using expert‐based characterization of disturbance regimes in 236 habitat types. The indicator values presented here are crucial for integrating disturbance niche optima into large‐scale vegetation analyses and macroecological studies.

Main types of variables contained

We set up five main continuous indicator values for European vascular plants: disturbance severity, disturbance frequency, mowing frequency, grazing pressure and soil disturbance. The first two indicators are provided separately for the whole community and for the herb layer. We calculated the values as the average of expert‐based estimates of disturbance values in all habitat types where a species occurs, weighted by the number of plots in which the species occurs within a given habitat type.

Spatial location and grain

Europe. Vegetation plots ranging in size from 1 to 1000 m2.

Time period and grain

Vegetation plots mostly sampled between 1956 and 2013 (= 5th and 95th quantiles of the sampling year, respectively).

Major taxa and level of measurement

Species‐level indicator values for vascular plants.

Software format

csv file.
Predicting inpatient mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A machine learning approach
Authors: Charilaou Paris , Mohapatra Sonmoon , Doukas Sotirios , Kohli Maanit , Radadiya Dhruvil , Devani Kalpit , Broder Arkady , Elemento Olivier , Lukin Dana J , Battat Robert
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim

Data are lacking on predicting inpatient mortality (IM) in patients admitted for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IM is a critical outcome; however, difficulty in its prediction exists due to infrequent occurrence. We assessed IM predictors and developed a predictive model for IM using machine‐learning (ML).

Methods

Using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2005–2017), we extracted adults admitted for IBD. After ML‐guided predictor selection, we trained and internally validated multiple algorithms, targeting minimum sensitivity and positive likelihood ratio (+LR) ≥ 80% and ≥ 3, respectively. Diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) compared algorithm performance. The best performing algorithm was additionally trained and validated for an IBD‐related surgery sub‐cohort. External validation was done using NIS 2018.

Results

In 398 426 adult IBD admissions, IM was 0.32% overall, and 0.87% among the surgical cohort (n = 40 784). Increasing age, ulcerative colitis, IBD‐related surgery, pneumonia, chronic lung disease, acute kidney injury, malnutrition, frailty, heart failure, blood transfusion, sepsis/septic shock and thromboembolism were associated with increased IM. The QLattice algorithm, provided the highest performance model (+LR: 3.2, 95% CI 3.0–3.3; area‐under‐curve [AUC]:0.87, 85% sensitivity, 73% specificity), distinguishing IM patients by 15.6‐fold when comparing high to low‐risk patients. The surgical cohort model (+LR: 8.5, AUC: 0.94, 85% sensitivity, 90% specificity), distinguished IM patients by 49‐fold. Both models performed excellently in external validation. An online calculator (https://clinicalc.ai/im‐ibd/) was developed allowing bedside model predictions.

Conclusions

An online prediction‐model calculator captured > 80% IM cases during IBD‐related admissions, with high discriminatory effectiveness. This allows for risk stratification and provides a basis for assessing interventions to reduce mortality in high‐risk patients.
Exploring the intersection of structural racism and ageism in healthcare
Authors: Farrell Timothy W. , Hung William W. , Unroe Kathleen T. , Brown Teneille R. , Furman Christian D. , Jih Jane , Karani Reena , Mulhausen Paul , Nápoles Anna María , Nnodim Joseph O. , Upchurch Gina , Whittaker Chanel F. , Kim Anna , Lundebjerg Nancy E. , Rhodes Ramona L.
Published: October 2022

The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) has consistently advocated for a healthcare system that meets the needs of older adults, including addressing impacts of ageism in healthcare. The intersection of structural racism and ageism compounds the disadvantage experienced by historically marginalized communities. Structural racism and ageism have long been ingrained in all aspects of US society, including healthcare. This intersection exacerbates disparities in social determinants of health, including poor access to healthcare and poor outcomes. These deeply rooted societal injustices have been brought to the forefront of the collective public consciousness at different points throughout history. The COVID‐19 pandemic laid bare and exacerbated existing inequities inflicted on historically marginalized communities. Ageist rhetoric and policies during the COVID‐19 pandemic further marginalized older adults. Although the detrimental impact of structural racism on health has been well‐documented in the literature, generative research on the intersection of structural racism and ageism is limited. The AGS is working to identify and dismantle the healthcare structures that create and perpetuate these combined injustices and, in so doing, create a more just US healthcare system. This paper is intended to provide an overview of important frameworks and guide future efforts to both identify and eliminate bias within healthcare delivery systems and health professions training with a particular focus on the intersection of structural racism and ageism.
Smoking habits do not affect biological responses induced by leucocyte and platelet‐rich fibrin in periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Ríos Susana , Álvarez Simón , Smith Patricio C. , Sáez Claudia G. , Andrade Catherine , Pinto Nelson , Martínez Constanza E.
Published: October 2022

Background and Objective

Leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin has been developed to stimulate wound healing response. However, it is currently unknown whether smoking affects the biological responses elicited by leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin on periodontal ligament‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells. This study analyzes the kinetics of biomolecule release from leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin derived from smokers and nonsmokers and their effect on periodontal ligament cell proliferation and migration as essential biological activities during wound healing.

Methods

Biomolecules present in leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin exudates and conditioned media collected from smokers and nonsmokers were analyzed by Luminex arrays. Periodontal ligament‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell obtained from one nonsmoker were treated with leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin exudates or leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin conditioned media derived from both smokers and nonsmokers. The parameters evaluated included cell proliferation, determined by Ki67 immunostaining and migration assessed using transwell assays. Also, cells were treated with nicotine in the presence of fetal bovine serum 10% or leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin conditioned media.

Results

A similar biomolecular profile was detected in leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin exudates and leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin conditioned media from smokers and nonsmokers, stimulating (periodontal ligament‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell) proliferation, and migration to a comparable degree. Nicotine reduced cell proliferation and migration of periodontal cells; however, this effect was recovered in the presence of leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin conditioned media.

Conclusion

Leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin derived from smokers could be an autologous source of biomolecules to stimulate cell biological activities involved in wound healing in smokers who have difficulties in ceasing this habit. Clinical trials are required to evaluate the impact of leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin on healing responses in smokers.
The journey not the destination: Liminality and lifelong learning
Authors: Jones Helen , Hammond Lucy
Published: October 2022

If we are to treat adaptive expertise as a threshold concept, the authors argue we must consider it a journey rather than a destination, requiring learners to respond to novel situations in innovative ways.
iPS cells from Chediak‐Higashi syndrome patients recapitulate the giant granules in myeloid cells
Authors: Oh Shigeharu , Niwa Akira , Nagahashi Ayako , Asaka Isao , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Saito Megumu K.
Published: October 2022

Background

Chediak‐Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a congenital disease characterized by immunodeficiency, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, oculocutaneous albinism, and neurological symptoms. The presence of giant granules in peripheral blood leukocytes is an important hallmark of CHS. Here we prepared induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from CHS patients (CHS‐iPSCs) and differentiated them into hematopoietic cells to model the disease phenotypes.

Methods

Fibroblasts were obtained from two CHS patients and then reprogrammed into iPSCs. The iPSCs were differentiated into myeloid cells; the size of the cytosolic granules was quantified by May‐Grunwald Giemsa staining and myeloperoxidase staining.

Results

Two clones of iPSCs were established from each patient. The differentiation efficiency to CD33+CD45+ myeloid cells was not significantly different in CHS‐iPSCs compared with control iPSCs, but significantly larger granules were observed.

Conclusions

We succeeded in reproducing a characteristic cellular phenotype, giant granules in myeloid cells, using CHS‐iPSCs, demonstrating that iPSCs can be used to model the pathogenesis of CHS patients.
Remote sensing mapping of the regeneration of coastal natural habitats in Singapore: Implications for marine conservation in tropical cities
Authors: Tan Y. H. Jonathan , Tham Jacqueline K. Q. , Paul Aayush , Rana Umair , Ang Hui Ping , Nguyen Nhung T. H. , Yee Alex T. K. , Leong Bryan P. I. , Drummond Simon , Tun Karenne P. P.
Published: October 2022

Rapid urbanization has resulted in the loss of coastal and marine habitats in cities worldwide. The effective conservation of urban coastal ecosystems requires detailed knowledge of their spatial distribution, necessitating high‐resolution mapping. Our study produces a high‐resolution coastal and marine habitat map and shoreline map for the tropical city‐state of Singapore created through pixel‐based supervised classification of satellite imagery, bathymetry data and expert ground knowledge. These maps can be used as a base reference for multiple applications including ecological research, conservation and urban planning. They also help identifiy trends in the extent of key coastal habitats, providing insight into their differing levels of vulnerability to loss and potential for restoration to ensure long‐term resilience. The method used for mapping shoreline typologies and resulting insights gained, can guide other rapidly urbanizing coastal cities on strategies to assemble useful spatial knowledge for effective conservation of their urban coastal ecosystems.
Morphological description of ontogenetic stages in Parasitus yuensis Ma & Lin (Acari: Parasitiformes: Parasitidae)
Authors: Yao Mao-Yuan , Chen Jian-Xin , Yi Tian-Ci , Guo Jian-Jun , Jin Dao-Chao
Published: October 2022

The study presents a detailed description of all instars of Parasitus yuensis Ma & Lin, based on collected specimens from haystack, rotten leaves or the body surface of millipedes, and on laboratory reared specimens. The female is redescribed, male and immature instars are described for the first time.
Influence of air humidity on the survival rate, lifetime, and development of Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) and Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930 (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Grigoryeva L.A.
Published: October 2022

In a laboratory experiment, the influence of air humidity on ticks of known calendar age was investigated. In desiccators at different humidities (44%, 55%, 70%, 84%, and 98%), we studied changes in the life span and development of eggs, hungry and fed larvae, nymphs, and adult ticks Ixodes persulcatus and I. ricinus. It was found that changes in air humidity at temperatures comfortable for ticks determine the lifetime of hungry ticks waiting for the host, the possibility of molting at the next stages, and the preservation of egg clutches. 84–98% humidity is ideal for the survival of hungry and fed larvae, nymphs, adult ticks, and egg clutches. A decrease in humidity to 70% for a month leads to a significant population reduction. Humidity of 40–55% is fatal for I. persulcatus after 10–15 days. At 40–55% air humidity, an insignificant part of the populations of I. ricinus survives for up to 1 month with a complete death of clutches.
Examining the Impact of COVID-19 on Sport Coaches
Authors: Battaglia Anthony , Kerr Gretchen
Published: October 2022

Researchers have examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on athletes’ experiences, however, there remains a lack of attention examining the impact of the pandemic on coaches’ experiences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine Ontario sport coaches’ perspectives on the implications of the pandemic on their experiences. As part of a large-scale survey of Ontario coaches’ experiences in sport, an open-ended question was asked regarding the implications of COVID-19 on the coaching population. In total, 591 participant responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. According to participants, most of the cited outcomes of COVID-19 were negative, although some positive aspects were cited. Negative outcomes of the pandemic included adapting coaching methods and practices, insufficient coach supports, declines in coaching confidence and skills, lack of meaningful interpersonal connections, mental health concerns, job and financial instability, unclear guidelines on safe returns to sport, and loss of athletes and athletic programs. Conversely, positive impacts included having time to reflect on their coaching pursuits and alternative interests and to engage in professional development. These findings highlight the importance of understanding coaches’ experiences during the pandemic and may be used to inform recommendations for supporting coaches post pandemic.
Physical Activity Level of Physically Independent Older Adults in a Densely Populated City
Authors: Lee Linda Yin-king , Pang Rebecca Cho-kwan , Tiu Mimi Mei-ha
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to estimate older adults’ physical activity level in all types and categories of physical activities and calculate their total physical activity level. This cross-sectional descriptive study estimated the physical activity level of older adults on a quota sample of 500 physically independent older adults living in a densely populated city (in this case, Hong Kong). It used the Physical Activity Questionnaire (Hong Kong version) to assess participants’ physical activity level. Based on the frequency, duration, and intensity of each type of physical activity being performed by the participants, their physical activity level in terms of energy expenditure (in kilocalories per day) for all types and categories of physical activities and the total physical activity level were calculated. Independent t test or analysis of variance, whatever appropriate, was used to examine the difference in the total physical activity level between participants with different individual characteristics. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the contribution of individual characteristics to the total physical activity level (p < .05). Results indicated that the participants mostly engaged in leisurely sitting, watching television, listening to radio, and leisurely walking. They spent the greatest amount of energy on the category of “leisure activity” (710.77 kcal/day). Their total physical activity level was 1,727.09 kcal/day, which was much less than previously reported. Linear regression indicates that age accounted for 3.1% of the variance of the total physical activity level (p = .001) with senior older adults warranting additional support. Future research is suggested to confirm the role of specific neighborhood-level factors on the physical activity performance of older adults.
Nonreciprocal vortex isolator via topology-selective stimulated Brillouin scattering
Authors: Zeng Xinglin , Russell Philip St.J. , Wolff Christian , Frosz Michael H. , Wong Gordon K. L. , Stiller Birgit
Published: October 2022

Optical nonreciprocity, which breaks the symmetry between forward and backward propagating optical waves, has become vital in photonic systems and enables many key applications. So far, all the existing nonreciprocal systems are implemented for linearly or randomly polarized fundamental modes. Optical vortex modes, with wavefronts that spiral around the central axis of propagation, have been extensively studied over the past decades and offer an additional degree of freedom useful in many applications. Here, we report a light-driven nonreciprocal isolation system for optical vortex modes based on topology-selective stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in chiral photonic crystal fiber. The device can be reconfigured as an amplifier or an isolator by adjusting the frequency of the control signal. The experimental results show vortex isolation of 22 decibels (dB), which is at the state of the art in fundamental mode isolators using SBS. This device may find applications in optical communications, fiber lasers, quantum information processing, and optical tweezers.
Oxysterol misbalance critically contributes to Wilson disease pathogenesis
Authors: Dev Som , Muchenditsi Abigael , Gottlieb Aline , Deme Pragney , Murphy Sean , Gabrielson Kathleen L. , Dong Yixuan , Hughes Robert , Haughey Norman J. , Hamilton James P. , Lutsenko Svetlana
Published: October 2022

Wilson disease (WD) is a metabolic disorder caused by inactivation of the copper-transporting ATPase 2 (ATP7B) and copper (Cu) overload in tissues. Excess Cu causes oxidative stress and pathologic changes with poorly understood mechanistic connections. In

Atp7b
−/−

mice with established liver disease, Cu overload activates the stress-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2). Nrf2 targets, especially sulfotransferase 1e1 (Sult1e1), are strongly induced and cause elevation of sulfated sterols, whereas oxysterols are decreased. This sterol misbalance results in inhibition of the liver X receptor (LXR) and up-regulation of LXR targets associated with inflammatory responses. Pharmacological inhibition of Sult1e1 partially reverses oxysterol misbalance and LXR inhibition. Contribution of this pathway to advanced hepatic WD was demonstrated by treating mice with an LXR agonist. Treatment decreased inflammation by reducing expression of proinflammatory molecules, diminished fibrosis by down-regulating the noncanonical transforming growth factor–β signaling pathway, and improved liver morphology and function. Thus, the identified pathway is an important driver of WD.
Genome Sequence of Bovine Coronavirus Variants from the Nasal Virome of Irish Beef Suckler and Pre-weaned Dairy Calves Clinically Diagnosed with Bovine Respiratory Disease
Authors: Ní Dhufaigh Kerrie , McCabe Matthew , Cormican Paul , Cuevas-Gomez Inmaculada , McGee Mark , McDaneld Tara , Earley Bernadette
Published: October 2022

We report 24 bovine coronavirus (BCoV) genome sequences from Ireland. BCoV was sequenced directly from nasal swabs that had been collected during a bovine respiratory disease (BRD) outbreak among recently purchased beef suckler and pre-weaned dairy calves.
CpxAR of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Contributes to Heat Stress Response by Repressing Expression of Type IV Pilus Gene
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Authors: Liu Feng , Peng Wei , Yan Kang , Huang Jing , Yuan Fangyan , He Qigai , Chen Huanchun , Bei Weicheng
Published: October 2022

Heat acts as a danger signal for pathogens, especially those infecting mammalian hosts in whom fever indicates infection. However, some bacteria have evolved exquisite mechanisms to survive under heat stress.
Evaluation of Circulating and Archived HIV-1 Integrase Drug-Resistance Variants among Patients on Third-Line ART in Cameroon: Implications for Dolutegravir-Containing Regimens in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Fokam Joseph , Ngoufack Jagni Semengue Ezechiel , Molimbou Evariste , Etame Naomi-Karell , Santoro Maria Mercedes , Takou Désiré , Mossiang Leonella , Meledie Alain Patrice , Chenwi Collins Ambe , Yagai Bouba , Nka Alex Durand , Dambaya Beatrice , Teto Georges , Ka’e Aude Christelle , Beloumou Grâce Angong , Ndjeyep Sandrine Claire Djupsa , Fainguem Nadine , Abba Aissatou , Kengni Aurelie Minelle Ngueko , Tchouaket Michel Carlos Tommo , Bouba Nounouce Pamen , Billong Serge-Clotaire , Djubgang Rina , Saounde Edith Temgoua , Sosso Samuel Martin , Kouanfack Charles , Bissek Anne-Cecile Zoung-Kanyi , Eben-Moussi Emmanuel , Colizzi Vittorio , Perno Carlo-Federico , Ceccherini-Silberstein Francesca , Ndjolo Alexis
Published: October 2022

We described the analysis of the genotypes of the population within third-line antiviral therapy in Cameroon, with a focus on defining the effects of prior raltegravir (RAL) treatment and resistance mutations for current dolutegravir (DTG) treatment. While supporting the current transition to DTG-containing ART in resource-limited settings toward the achievement of the UNAIDS’ goal of HIV elimination by 2030, our findings suggested that RAL-exposed patients may need a specific monitoring approach either in a stratified or personalized model of third-line ART to ensure the long-term success of DTG-containing regimens.
Supplemental Material: Tracing high-pressure metamorphism in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis using detrital zircon and monazite from modern stream sediments
Authors: Zhang Yunxuan , Guo Liang , al. et
Published: October 2022

Figure S1: Locations and Raman spectra of mineral inclusions in detrital zircons from modern river sands in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Figure S2: Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the Paleoproterozoic to Paleozoic zircon domains and the Cenozoic metamorphic zircon domains. Table S1: Zircon U-Pb isotopic data analyzed by LA-ICP-MS. Table S2: Zircon trace-element data analyzed by LA-ICP-MS. Table S3: Monazite U(-Th)-Pb isotopic data analyzed by LA-ICP-MS. Table S4: Monazite trace-element data analyzed by LA-ICP-MS. Table S5: Compiled zircon trace-element data.
Control of Femtosecond Filamentation by Means of the Alignment of Gas Molecules by Short-Wavelength Infrared Laser Pulses
Authors: Kompanets V. O. , Arkhipova A. A. , Melnikov A. A. , Chekalin S. V.
Published: October 2022

It has been demonstrated experimentally that both the single and multiple filamentation of a femtosecond laser pulse in gaseous nitrogen can be controlled by means of the nonadiabatic alignment of molecules by 1400-nm pulses. The spectral shifts and change in the duration of a pulse caused by changes in the refractive index in the revival regions of a rotational wave packet have been detected. The stable and reproducible localization of radiation into separate filaments with the subdiffraction divergence and broadening of the spectrum by more than an octave has been observed in the multiple filamentation regime upon the alignment of molecules in the direction perpendicular to the pulse polarization.
Views of parents, adults born preterm and professionals on linkage of real-world data of preterm babies
Authors: Sawtell Mary , van Blankenstein Emily , Bilal Tahira , Hall Taralise , Juniper Lisa , Kotsoni Julia , Lee Juliette , Modi Neena , Battersby Cheryl
Published: October 2022

Objective

To explore views of parents of preterm babies, adults born preterm and professionals, on the linkage of real-world health and education data for research on improving future outcomes of babies born preterm.

Design

Three-stage mixed-methods participatory design involving focus groups, a national survey and interviews. Survey participants who expressed uncertainty or negative views were sampled purposively for invitation to interview. Mixed methods were used for data analysis.

Setting and participants

All data collection was online. Participants were: focus groups—17 parents; survey—499 parents, 44 adults born preterm (total 543); interviews—6 parents, 1 adult born preterm, 3 clinicians, 2 teachers.

Results

Three key themes were identified: (1) Data linkage and opt-out consent make sense for improving future outcomes. We found clear demand for better information on long-term outcomes and strong support for data linkage with opt-out consent as a means of achieving this. (2) Information requirements—what, how and when. There was support for providing information in different formats and discussing linkage near to, or following discharge from, the neonatal unit, but not sooner. (3) Looking to the future; the rights of young people. We identified a desire for individuals born preterm to be consulted in the future on the use of their data.

Conclusion

With appropriate information provision, at the right time, parents, adults born preterm and professionals are supportive of data linkage for research, including where temporary identifiers and opt-out consent are used. Resources are being co-produced to improve communication about routine data linkage.
Impact of adalimumab in patients with active non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in real-life clinical practice: HOPE study
Authors: Pleyer Uwe , Al-Mutairi Salem , Murphy Conor C , Hamam Rola , Hammad Shereen , Nagy Orsolya , Szepessy Zsuzsanna , Guex-Crosier Yan , Julian Karina , Habot-Wilner Zohar , Androudi Sofia
Published: October 2022

Background/Aim

This study evaluated real-life adalimumab impact in patients with active non-infectious intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis (NIIPPU).

Methods

Adults with active NIIPPU received adalimumab in this prospective, observational study (06/2017–04/2020). Patients were evaluated at baseline (V0) and four follow-up visits over 12 months (V1–V4). Primary endpoint: proportion of patients achieving quiescence (anterior chamber (AC) cells grade and vitreous haze (VH) grade≤0.5+ in both eyes, no new active chorioretinal lesions) at any follow-up visit. Secondary endpoints: proportion of patients achieving quiescence at each visit; proportion of patients maintaining response; and proportion of patients with flares. Workability, visual function, healthcare resource utilisation, and safety were evaluated.

Results

Full analysis set included 149 patients. Quiescence at any follow-up visit was achieved by 129/141 (91%) patients. Quiescence at individual visits was achieved by 99/145 (68%), 110/142 (77%), 102/131 (78%), and 99/128 (77%) patients at V1–V4, respectively. Number of patients in corticosteroid-free quiescence increased from 51/147 (35%; V1) to 67/128 (52%; V4; p<0.05). Proportion of patients with maintained response increased from 89/141 (63%; V2) to 92/121 (76%; V4; p<0.05) and proportion of patients with flare decreased from 25/145 (17%; V1) to 13/128 (10%; V4; p=0.092). Workability and visual function improved throughout the study. Proportion of patients with medical visits for uveitis decreased from 132/149 (89%; V0) to 27/127 (21%; V4). No new safety signals were observed.

Conclusion

These results demonstrated adalimumab effectiveness in improving quality of life while reducing economic burden of active NIIPPU.
Vascular supply of the optic nerve head: implications for optic disc ischaemia
Authors: Arnold Anthony
Published: October 2022

The vascular supply of the optic nerve head is complex and remains incompletely delineated. Over the past 50 years, various investigators have attempted to clarify the relative contributions of the choroid, the short posterior ciliary arteries and the central retinal artery to the vascular beds of the inner retinal, prelaminar, laminar and retrolaminar segments of the nerve head. Conflicting theories have evolved, in no small part due to differing techniques of study, involving both flow parameters and anatomical constructs. These have included studies, both in normal subjects and in those with optic nerve ischaemia, of histopathology, electron microscopic corrosion casting, orbital colour Doppler flow studies, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, laser Doppler flow studies, laser speckle flowgraphy, microperfusion and labelling studies and optical coherence tomography angiography. The nature of the optic disc, peripapillary retina and choroid microvasculature has implications for the pathophysiology of ischaemic optic neuropathy.
Comparing switch to ocrelizumab, cladribine or natalizumab after fingolimod treatment cessation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zhu Chao , Zhou Zhen , Roos Izanne , Merlo Daniel , Kalincik Tomas , Ozakbas, Serkan , Skibina Olga , Kuhle Jens , Hodgkinson Suzanne , Boz Cavit , Alroughani Raed , Lechner-Scott Jeannette , Barnett Michael , Izquierdo Guillermo , Prat Alexandre , Horakova Dana , Kubala Havrdova Eva , Macdonell Richard , Patti Francesco , Khoury Samia Joseph , Slee Mark , Karabudak Rana , Onofrj Marco , Van Pesch Vincent , Prevost Julie , Monif Mastura , Jokubaitis Vilija , van der Walt Anneke , Butzkueven Helmut
Published: October 2022

Background

To compare the effectiveness and treatment persistence of ocrelizumab, cladribine and natalizumab in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis switching from fingolimod.

Methods

Using data from MSBase registry, this multicentre cohort study included subjects who had used fingolimod for ≥6 months and then switched to ocrelizumab, cladribine or natalizumab within 3 months after fingolimod discontinuation. We analysed relapse and disability outcomes after balancing covariates using an inverse-probability-treatment-weighting method. Propensity scores for the three treatments were obtained using multinomial-logistic regression. Due to the smaller number of cladribine users, comparisons of disability outcomes were limited to natalizumab and ocrelizumab.

Results

Overall, 1045 patients switched to ocrelizumab (n=445), cladribine (n=76) or natalizumab (n=524) after fingolimod. The annualised relapse rate (ARR) for ocrelizumab was 0.07, natalizumab 0.11 and cladribine 0.25. Compared with natalizumab, the ARR ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 0.67 (0.47 to 0.96) for ocrelizumab and 2.31 (1.30 to 4.10) for cladribine; the hazard ratio (95% CI) for time to first relapse was 0.57 (0.40 to 0.83) for ocrelizumab and 1.18 (0.47 to 2.93) for cladribine. Ocrelizumab users had an 89% lower discontinuation rate (95% CI, 0.07 to 0.20) than natalizumab, but also a 51% lower probability of confirmed disability improvement (95% CI, 0.32 to 0.73). There was no difference in disability accumulation.

Conclusion

After fingolimod cessation, ocrelizumab and natalizumab were more effective in reducing relapses than cladribine. Due to the low ARRs in all three treatment groups, additional observation time is required to determine if statistical difference in ARRs results in long-term disability differences.