bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGULARIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE METHOD OF FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTIONS
Authors: GÁSPÁR CSABA
Published: February 2013

A special regularization method based on higher-order partial differential equations is presented. Instead of using the fundamental solution of the original partial differential operator with source points located outside of the domain, the original second-order partial differential equation is approximated by a higher-order one, the fundamental solution of which is continuous at the origin. This allows the use of the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) for the approximate problem. Due to the continuity of the modified operator, the source points and the boundary collocation points are allowed to coincide, which makes the solution process simpler. This regularization technique is generalized to various problems and combined with the extremely efficient quadtree-based multigrid methods. Approximation theorems and numerical experiences are also presented.
EXTENSIONS OF JOHNSON'S AND MORITA'S HOMOMORPHISMS THAT MAP TO FINITELY GENERATED ABELIAN GROUPS
Authors: DAY MATTHEW B.
Published: February 2013

We extend each higher Johnson homomorphism to a crossed homomorphism from the automorphism group of a finite-rank free group to a finite-rank abelian group. We also extend each Morita homomorphism to a crossed homomorphism from the mapping class group of once-bounded surface to a finite-rank abelian group. This improves on the author's previous results [5]. To prove the first result, we express the higher Johnson homomorphisms as coboundary maps in group cohomology. Our methods involve the topology of nilpotent homogeneous spaces and lattices in nilpotent Lie algebras. In particular, we develop a notion of the "polynomial straightening" of a singular homology chain in a nilpotent homogeneous space.
Field relations, geochemistry and origin of the Upper Cretaceous volcaniclastic Kannaviou Formation in western Cyprus: evidence of a southerly Neotethyan volcanic arc
Authors: Gilbert Matthew F. , Robertson Alastair H. F.
Published: February 2013

The Kannaviou Formation (up to 750 m thick) accumulated in a deep-sea setting in west Cyprus during Campanian–Early(?) Maastrichtian time. The formation depositionally overlies Upper Cretaceous ophiolitic lavas, including those associated with serpentinite-hosted arcuate lineaments. The Kannaviou Formation locally overlies ophiolitic serpentinite, indicating that mantle rocks were exposed on the seafloor prior to sediment deposition. Geochemical analyses of basalts that depositionally underlie the Kannaviou Formation, within the arcuate lineaments, indicate close similarities with the boninitic lavas of the South Troodos Transform Fault Zone in south Cyprus. Abundant volcanogenic and minor terrigenous and pelagic sedimentary rock material is present within the Kannaviou Formation, while kaolinite is common within interbedded red clays. Suitable terrigenous source lithologies are present in the deformed continental margin/deep-sea sedimentary rocks of the Mamonia Complex in west Cyprus. Whole-rock chemical analysis of sandstones of predominantly volcaniclastic origin indicates an intermediate arc-like composition. Electron microprobe analysis shows that glass is silicic, with a tholeiitic fractionation trend. Similar arc-like volcanic rocks of Late Cretaceous age are exposed in the western Kyrenia (Girne) Range, north Cyprus. The provenance of the Kannaviou Formation provides evidence of Late Cretaceous northwards subduction of the South Neotethys beneath a continental margin to the north.

Supplementary material:

The sample locations, complete chemical analyses, electron probe data and x-ray diffraction results are available at
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18579
Modelling Improvements in Cell Yield of Banked Umbilical Cord Blood and the Impact on Availability of Donor Units for Transplantation into Adults
Authors: Kekre Natasha , Philippe Jennifer , Mallick Ranjeeta , Smith Susan , Allan David
Published: February 2013

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is used increasingly in allogeneic transplantation. The size of units remains limiting, especially for adult recipients. Whether modest improvements in the yield of cells surviving storage and thawing allow more patients to proceed to transplant was examined. The impact of improved cell yield on the number of available UCB units was simulated using 21 consecutive anonymous searches. The number of suitable UCB units was calculated based on hypothetical recipient weight of 50 kg, 70 kg, and 90 kg and was repeated for a 10%, 20%, and 30% increase in the fraction of cells surviving storage. Increasing the percentage of cells that survive storage by 30% lowered the threshold of cells needed to achieve similar engraftment rates and increased numbers of UCB units available for patients weighing 50 (P=0.011), 70 (P=0.014), and 90 kg (P=0.003), controlling for differences in HLA compatibility. Moreover, if recipients were 90 kg, 12 out of 21 patients had access to at least one UCB unit that met standard criteria, which increased to 19 out of 21 patients (P=0.035) when the fraction of cells surviving storage and thawing increased by 30%. Modest increases in the yield of cells in banked UCB units can significantly increase donor options for adult patients undergoing HSCT.
The Relation between Aerobic Fitness, Muscular Fitness, and Obesity in Children from Three Countries at Different Stages of the Physical Activity Transition
Authors: Héroux M. , Onywera V. , Tremblay M. S. , Adamo K. B. , Lopez Taylor J. , Jáuregui Ulloa E. , Janssen I.
Published: February 2013

Background. The physical activity transition is contributing to an increase in childhood obesity and a decrease in fitness worldwide. This study compared body composition and fitness measures in children from three countries and examined intercountry differences in the relationship between these variables.Methods. Participants consisted of 736 Canadian, 193 Mexican, and 179 Kenyan children aged 9–13 years. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, triceps skinfolds, aerobic fitness, and muscular fitness were measured. Linear regression was used to examine associations between variables.Results. The prevalence of obesity was the highest in Mexican children (9.2% boys, 8.4% girls) and the lowest in Kenyan children (0.9% boys, 2.8% girls). Aerobic fitness (VO2maxin mL/kg/min) was the highest in Kenyan children (50.2 boys, 46.7 girls) and the lowest in Canadian children (41.3 boys, 38.3 girls). Aerobic fitness was negatively associated with body composition measures irrespective of country and sex. Mexican children with low aerobic fitness had higher body composition measures than Canadian and Kenyan children. Muscular fitness was not associated with the body composition measures in Kenyan children but was a weak positive correlate of BMI and waist circumference in Canadian and Mexican children.Conclusion. The current study provides some evidence to support the physical activity transition hypothesis.
Aluminising of Mild Steel Plates
Authors: Kuruveri Udaya Bhat , Huilgol Prashanth , Joseph Jithin
Published: February 2013

Hot dip aluminising of low carbon steel was done at temperatures 690°C and 750°C for dipping time ranging from 300 to 2400 seconds. During aluminising a mixture of ZnCl2 and NH4Cl was used as flux. During aluminising components of the flux decomposed and zinc formed interacted with the Fe and Al. The aluminised samples were characterised for iron-aluminium intermetallic layer formation, morphology, and local composition. It was observed that intermetallic layer was predominantly Fe2Al5 and FeAl3 at 690°C and at 750°C coating consisted of FeAl3 layer and a layer with Al/Fe ratio greater than 3.26. For both temperatures, coating thickness increased with increase in time. For a given dipping time, deposition was less at higher temperature and this is attributed to changes in the kinetics of growth of individual layers due to dissolved zinc in the aluminium, at 750°C. Also, spalling of intermetallic layers was observed at elevated temperatures and longer dipping times.
Yes, There Is Deqi Sensation in Laser Acupuncture
Authors: Litscher Gerhard
Published: February 2013

Deqi, a composite of unique sensations, is essential for clinical efficacy according to Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is described as a sensory perception of varying character and is mostly ascribed to metal needle acupuncture. However, it can also be elicited by different kinds of laser acupuncture stimulation. This short paper summarizes the current scientific status of deqi in laser stimulation. Different kinds of laser acupuncture are described in a comprehensive form, and the most interesting studies concerning deqi and laser acupuncture are presented.
Vitamin B12, Folate, Homocysteine, and Bone Health in Adults and Elderly People: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses
Authors: van Wijngaarden J. P. , Doets E. L. , Szczecińska A. , Souverein O. W. , Duffy M. E. , Dullemeijer C. , Cavelaars A. E. J. M. , Pietruszka B. , van't Veer P. , Brzozowska A. , Dhonukshe-Rutten R. A. M. , de Groot C. P. G. M.
Published: February 2013

Elevated homocysteine levels and low vitamin B12and folate levels have been associated with deteriorated bone health. This systematic literature review with dose-response meta-analyses summarizes the available scientific evidence on associations of vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine status with fractures and bone mineral density (BMD). Twenty-seven eligible cross-sectional (n=14) and prospective (n=13) observational studies and one RCT were identified. Meta-analysis on four prospective studies including 7475 people showed a modest decrease in fracture risk of 4% per 50 pmol/L increase in vitamin B12levels, which was borderline significant (RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92 to 1.00). Meta-analysis of eight studies including 11511 people showed an increased fracture risk of 4% perμmol/L increase in homocysteine concentration (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.07). We could not draw a conclusion regarding folate levels and fracture risk, as too few studies investigated this association. Meta-analyses regarding vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine levels, and BMD were possible in female populations only and showed no associations. Results from studies regarding BMD that could not be included in the meta-analyses were not univocal.
Zirconium Oxychloride as a Novel Mordant for Natural Dyeing of Wool Yarns
Authors: Forouharshad M. , Montazer M. , Yadollah Roudbari B.
Published: February 2013

Zirconium oxychloride, a well-known flame retardant, is introduced as a novel mordant for wool dyeing. This has been indicated by mordanting of wool yarns with zirconium oxychloride in different conditions and then dyeing with madder as a famous natural dye. The tenacity, color coordinates, washing, and light fastnesses of the dyed wool confirmed the positive influence of zirconium oxychloride as a useful mordant for wool dyeing with a low impact on the color coordinates. Further, an appropriate washing and light fastness were obtained for the zirconium-oxychloride-mordanted wool yarns. The central composite design (CCD) was used to design the experiments with four variables on the results of tensile strength. Statistical analysis confirmed the optimum conditions obtained through the experimental results.
Fe2O3
Modified Physical, Structural and Optical Properties of Bismuth Silicate Glasses
Authors: Parmar Rajesh , Kundu R. S. , Punia R. , Kishore N. , Aghamkar P.
Published: February 2013

Iron-containing bismuth silicate glasses with compositions 60SiO2·(100−x)Bi2O3·xFe2O3 have been prepared by conventional melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature of the glass samples has been ascertained by the X-ray diffraction. The density (d) has been measured using Archimedes principle, molar volume (Vm) has also been estimated, and both are observed to decrease with the increase in iron content. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of these iron bismuth silicate glasses has been determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique, and it increases with the increase in Fe2O3 content. The IR spectra of these glasses consist mainly of [BiO6], [BiO3], and [SiO4] structural units. The optical properties are measured using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The optical bandgap energy (Eop) is observed to decrease with the increase in Fe2O3 content, whereas reverse trend is observed for refractive index.
Stochastic Stabilization of Itô Stochastic Systems with Markov Jumping and Linear Fractional Uncertainty
Authors: Long Fei , Huang Hongmei , Ding Adan
Published: February 2013

For a class of Itô stochastic linear systems with the Markov jumping and linear fractional uncertainty, the stochastic stabilization problem is investigated via state feedback and dynamic output feedback, respectively. In order to guarantee the stochastic stability of such uncertain systems, state feedback and dynamic output control law are, respectively, designed by using multiple Lyapunov function technique and LMI approach. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to illustrate our results.
A Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Revealed by a Single Bone Lesion with No Poor Prognostic Factors
Authors: Godbert Yann , Henriques-Figueiredo Benedicte , Cazeau Anne-Laure , Carrat Xavier , Stegen Marc , Soubeyran Isabelle , Bonichon Francoise
Published: February 2013

Objectives. Thyroid carcinomas incidence, in particular papillary variants, is increasing. These cancers are generally considered to have excellent prognosis, and papillary microcarcinomas are usually noninvasive. Many prognostic histopathology factors have been described to guide therapeutic decisions. Most patients are treated with total thyroidectomy without radioiodine treatment or partial surgery.Case Summary. A 65-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with pain in the left chest wall that had been present for several months. A computed tomography (CT) found a large tissue mass of 4 cm responsible for lysis of the middle arch of the 4th rib on the left. It was a single lesion, highly hypermetabolic on the 18-FDG PET/CT. The histology analysis of the biopsy and surgical specimen favored an adenocarcinoma with immunostaining positive for TTF1 and thyroglobulin (Tg). The total thyroidectomy carried out subsequently revealed a 4 mm papillary microcarcinoma with vesicular architecture of the right lobe, well delimited and distant from the capsule without vascular embolisms. After two radioiodine treatments, the patient is in complete clinical, biological, and radiological remission.Conclusion. This extremely rare case of a singular bone metastasis revealing a papillary thyroid microcarcinoma illustrates the necessity of further research to better characterize the forms of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas with potentially poor prognosis.
Radiation Effects on Mass Transfer Flow through a Highly Porous Medium with Heat Generation and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Ibrahim S. Mohammed
Published: February 2013

The present paper is concerned to analyze the influence of the unsteady free convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid through a porous medium with high porosity bounded by a vertical infinite moving plate in the presence of thermal radiation, heat generation, and chemical reaction. The fluid is considered to be gray, absorbing, and emitting but nonscattering medium, and Rosseland approximation is considered to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved analytically using perturbation technique. The effects of various governing parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration, skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are shown in figures and tables and analyzed in detail.
Outcomes of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients on Chronic Antiplatelet Treatment: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Valerio-Rojas Juan C. , Jaffer Insara J. , Kor Daryl J. , Gajic Ognjen , Cartin-Ceba Rodrigo
Published: February 2013

Background. Sepsis is characterized by dysfunctional activation of platelets, and antiplatelet therapy could improve the outcomes of septic patients.Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of severe sepsis or septic shock adult patients. Outcomes of patients on antiplatelet therapy were compared to those that were not taking antiplatelet therapy by univariate analysis followed by a propensity score analysis based on the probability of receiving antiplatelet therapy.Results. Of 651 patients included in the study 272 (42.8%) were on antiplatelet therapy before the development of severe sepsis or septic shock. After adjusting for important confounding variables antiplatelet therapy was not associated with a decreased risk of hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.46–1.16). Antiplatelet therapy was associated with a decreased incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury (odds ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.71) and reduced need of mechanical ventilation (odds ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.45–87). Incidence of acute kidney injury was similar between both groups (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 0.73–1.59).Conclusions. The use of antiplatelet therapy before the diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock was not associated with decreased hospital mortality. Antiplatelet therapy was associated with a decreased incidence of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome.
“Downhill” Esophageal Varices due to Dialysis Catheter-Induced Superior Vena Caval Occlusion: A Rare Cause of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Nayudu Suresh Kumar , Dev Anil , Kanneganti Kalyan
Published: February 2013

“Downhill” varices are a rare cause of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Rarely these varices are reported in patients receiving hemodialysis as a complication of chronic dialysis vascular access. We present a case of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in an individual with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed “downhill” varices in the upper third of the esophagus without any active bleeding at the time of the procedure. An angiogram was performed disclosing superior vena caval occlusion, which was treated with balloon angioplasty. Gastroenterologists should have a high index of suspicion for these rare “downhill” varices when dealing with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving hemodialysis and manage it appropriately using endoscopic, radiological, and surgical interventions.
Concentrations and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Seawater around Langkawi Island, Malaysia
Authors: Nasher Essam , Heng Lee Yook , Zakaria Zuriati , Surif Salmijah
Published: February 2013

This paper reports the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water around the Island and their probable sources. Water samples were collected from four jetties and three marine fish farms around the main Langkawi Island and analysed for 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in December 2010. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 6.1 ± 0.43 to 46 ± 0.42 μgL−1, which exceed the maximum admissible concentrations of PAHs (0.20 μgL−1) for the water standard of European Union. The calculated diagnostic benzo[a]anthracene : benzo[a]anthracene + chrysene ratio of between 0.52 and 1.0 suggests that the sources of PAHs at the majority of the stations studied are derived primarily from pyrogenic sources, from incomplete fuel combustion of the boats and vehicle engines, with lesser amounts of PAHs contributed from petrogenic sources. Some stations displayed mixed sources. A significant positive correlation was found between total organic carbon (TOC) and the concentrations of the high‐molecular‐weight PAHs (r2 = 0.86, P < 0.05), which suggests significant secondary sources of PAHs, such as those from atmospheric deposition.
RAS/MEK–Independent Gene Expression Reveals BMP2-Related Malignant Phenotypes in the Nf1-Deficient MPNST
Authors: Sun Daochun , Haddad Ramsi , Kraniak Janice M. , Horne Steven D. , Tainsky Michael A.
Published: February 2013

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma that occurs in carriers of germline mutations in Nf1 gene as well as sporadically. Neurofibromin, encoded by the Nf1 gene, functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) whose mutation leads to activation of wt-RAS and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) patients' tumors. However, therapeutic targeting of RAS and MAPK have had limited success in this disease. In this study, we modulated NRAS, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)1/2, and neurofibromin levels in MPNST cells and determined gene expression changes to evaluate the regulation of signaling pathways in MPNST cells. Gene expression changes due to neurofibromin modulation but independent of NRAS and MEK1/2 regulation in MPNST cells indicated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) signaling as a key pathway. The BMP2-SMAD1/5/8 pathway was activated in NF1-associated MPNST cells and inhibition of BMP2 signaling by LDN-193189 or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to BMP2 decreased the motility and invasion of NF1-associated MPNST cells. The pathway-specific gene changes provide a greater understanding of the complex role of neurofibromin in MPNST pathology and novel targets for drug discovery. Mol Cancer Res; 11(6); 616–27. ©2013 AACR.
Uterine Artery Doppler at 30-33 Weeks' Gestation in the Prediction of Preeclampsia
Authors: Lai Jonathan , Poon Leona C.Y. , Pinas Ana , Bakalis Spyros , Nicolaides Kypros H.
Published: February 2013

Objective: To investigate the potential value of measuring uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) at 30-33 weeks' gestation in the prediction of preeclampsia (PE) developing at or after 34 weeks. Methods: Screening study in singleton pregnancies at 30-33 weeks' gestation including 4,294 cases that were unaffected by PE, gestational hypertension (GH) or delivery of small for gestational age neonates (normal group), 145 that subsequently developed PE, with 37 cases requiring delivery at 34-37 weeks (intermediate-PE) and 108 delivering at or after 38 weeks (late-PE) and 161 that developed GH. The a priori risks for intermediate- and late-PE from maternal demographic characteristics and medical history were derived by logistic regression analysis. The a posteriori risks were calculated by combining the a priori risks with the likelihood ratios for uterine artery PI, which were calculated from fitted bivariate gaussian distributions. Results: In screening for PE by a combination of maternal characteristics and uterine artery PI, the estimated detection rates of intermediate- and late-PE, at a false-positive rate of 10%, were 70.3 and 54.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Combined testing by maternal characteristics and uterine artery PI at 30-33 weeks could effectively identify women at high risk for subsequent development of PE.
Maternal Serum Placental Growth Factor, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A and Free β-Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin at 30-33 Weeks in the Prediction of Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Lai Jonathan , Pinas Ana , Poon Leona C.Y. , Agathokleous Maria , Nicolaides Kypros H.
Published: February 2013

Objective: To investigate the potential value of maternal serum concentrations of free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and placental growth factor (PlGF) at 30-33 weeks of gestation in the prediction of pre-eclampsia (PE) developing at or after 34 weeks. Methods: Serum free β-hCG, PAPP-A and PlGF were measured at 11-13 and at 30-33 weeks of gestation in a case-control study of 50 cases that developed PE at or after 34 weeks and 250 unaffected controls. The measured concentration of metabolites was converted into multiples of the unaffected median (MoM) and the MoM values in the PE and control groups were compared. Results: At 11-13 weeks, serum PlGF and PAPP-A, but not free β-hCG, were significantly lower in the PE group than in the controls (0.824, 0.748 and 0.857 vs. 1.000 MoM). At 30-33 weeks in the PE group, PlGF was reduced (0.356 MoM), free β-hCG was increased (1.750 MoM), but PAPP-A was not significantly different (0.991 MoM) from control (1.000 MoM). In screening for PE at 30-33 weeks by a combination of maternal characteristics and serum PlGF, the estimated detection rates, at a false-positive rate of 10%, of intermediate PE (requiring delivery at 34-37 weeks) and late PE (with delivery after 37 weeks) were 85.7 and 52.8%, respectively. The performance of screening was not improved by the addition of free β-hCG or the free β-hCG/PlGF ratio. Conclusion: Screening by maternal characteristics and serum PlGF at 30-33 weeks could identify most pregnancies that will subsequently develop PE.
Low Body Mass Index and Dyslipidemia in Dialysis Patients Linked to Elevated Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor 23
Authors: Montford John R. , Chonchol Michel , Cheung Alfred K. , Kaufman James S. , Greene Tom , Roberts William L. , Smits Gerard , Kendrick Jessica ,   and the HOST Investigators
Published: February 2013

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has been associated with death in dialysis patients. Since FGF23 shares structural features with FGF19 subfamily members that exert hormonal control of fat mass, we hypothesized that high circulating FGF23 concentrations would be associated with the development of a uremic lipid profile and lower body mass index (BMI). Methods: This study was conducted among 654 patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. C-terminal FGF23 concentrations were measured in stored plasma samples. Linear regression was used to examine the cross-sectional associations of plasma FGF23 concentrations with BMI, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between FGF23 concentrations and all-cause mortality. Results: Participants had a mean age of 60 ± 11 years and a median (IQR) FGF23 concentration of 4,212 (1,411-13,816) RU/ml. An increase per SD in log10 FGF23 was associated with lower BMI (β = -1.11; p = 0.008), TC (β = -6.46; p = 0.02), LDL-C (β = -4.73; p = 0.04) and HDL-C (β = -2.14; p = 0.03); after adjusting for age, gender, race, cardiovascular risk factors, serum albumin, markers of mineral metabolism, and use of lipid-lowering drugs. The association of FGF23 with death was attenuated after adjustment for HDL-C (HR of highest quartile 1.53, 95% CI 1.06-2.20 compared to lowest quartile). Conclusion: These results indicate that higher plasma FGF23 levels are associated with lower BMI and dyslipidemia in dialysis patients. The association between FGF23 and death may be mediated through unexplored metabolic risk factors unrelated to mineral metabolism.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Attenuates Transcriptional Activity of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Through Its Acetylation and Prevents Development of Hypertension
Authors: Lee Hae-Ahm , Lee Dong-Youb , Cho Hyun-Min , Kim Sang-Yeob , Iwasaki Yasumasa , Kim In Kyeom
Published: February 2013

Rationale:

Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) results in attenuated development of hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate–induced hypertensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, the molecular mechanism remains elusive.

Objective:

We hypothesized that HDAC inhibition attenuates transcriptional activity of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) through its acetylation and prevents development of hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate–induced hypertensive rats.

Methods and Results:

Expression of MR target genes was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Recruitment of MR and RNA polymerase II on promoters of target genes was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Live cell imaging was performed for visualization of nuclear translocation of MR. MR acetylation was determined by Western blot with anti-acetyl-lysine antibody after immunoprecipitation with anti-MR antibody. Transcriptional activity of MR was determined by luciferase assay. For establishment of a hyperaldosteronism animal, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent uninephrectomy and received subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg per week of deoxycorticosterone acetate and drinking water containing 1% NaCl. Treatment with a HDAC class I inhibitor resulted in reduced expression of MR target genes in accordance with reduced recruitment of MR and RNA polymerase II on promoters of target genes. HDAC inhibition promoted MR acetylation, leading to decreased transcriptional activity of MR. Knockdown or inhibition of HDAC3 resulted in reduced expression of MR target genes induced by mineralocorticoids.

Conclusions:

These results indicate that HDAC inhibition attenuates transcriptional activity of MR through its acetylation and prevents development of hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate–induced hypertensive rats.
Outcomes of Carotid Endarterectomy in the Elderly
Authors: Rajamani Kumar , Kennedy Kevin F. , Ruggiero Nicholas J. , Rosenfield Kenneth , Spertus John , Chaturvedi Seemant
Published: February 2013

Background and Purpose—

Benchmark trials of carotid endarterectomy often did not include elderly patients, and the results may not be easily extrapolated to the general population. Using the Carotid Artery Revascularization and Endarterectomy registry, we sought to determine real-world outcomes of carotid endarterectomy in the elderly.

Methods—

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients aged >70 years. We compared outcomes stratified by age among symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

Results—

There were 4149 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy; 1376 (33.1%) were symptomatic. Overall mortality rate was 0.5%. The primary outcome of in-hospital death, stroke, and myocardial infarction showed a significant trend and was highest in the age >85 years group (5.6%). Among symptomatic patients, mortality and the primary outcome were not statistically different between those aged >75 years and those aged 70 to 74 years. Among asymptomatic elderly patients, mortality rate was significantly higher in age group >75 years compared with <75 years (0.7% vs 0.0%); however, the combined outcome of stroke, death, and myocardial infarction was not statistically different.

Conclusions—

Elderly patients >85 years of age were at increased risk for death or perioperative complications of stroke, death, and myocardial infarction compared with those who were relatively younger. More elderly patients underwent carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis and had higher mortality than the younger counterparts, underlining need for caution in subjecting them to the procedure.
New species of Central American Rhopalothrix Mayr, 1870 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: LONGINO JOHN T. , BOUDINOT BRENDON E.
Published: February 2013

The ant genus Rhopalothrix is a rare inhabitant of wet forest leaf litter and soil. We propose a monophyletic R. isthmica clade that is restricted to the Neotropics, contains most of the species in the genus, and has its center of abundance and diversity in Central America. Thirteen species are recognized in the R. isthmica clade, of which eight are described as new and three are redescribed. A key to species in the R. isthmica clade is provided, and the following eight new species are described: R. andersoni Longino & Boudinot, sp. nov., R. apertor Longino & Boudinot, sp. nov., R. atitlanica Longino & Boudinot, sp. nov., R. megisthmica Longino & Boudinot, sp. nov., R. nubilosa Longino & Boudinot, sp. nov., R. sub-spatulata Longino & Boudinot, sp. nov., R. therion Longino & Boudinot, sp. nov., and R. triumphalis Longino & Boud-inot, sp. nov.. Queens are newly associated with workers for three Central American species. New synonymy is proposed for Rhopalothrix plaumanni Brown & Kempf, 1960 = R. acutipilis Kempf, 1962, syn. nov.
A new species of the Pristimantis orestes group (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the high Andes of Ecuador, Reserva Mazar
Authors: GUAYASAMIN JUAN M. , ARTEAGA ALEJANDRO F.
Published: February 2013

We describe a new Pristimantis from La Libertad and Rumiloma, Reserva Mazar, Andes of Southeastern Ecuador, at elevations between 2895–3415 m. This species is assigned to the P. orestes group, from whose members it differs by its small body size (adult males ≤ 18.1 mm; adult females ≤ 23.7 mm), usually reticulated ventral pattern, and visible tympanum. The vocalization of the new species consists of a series of calls; each call is composed by a pulsed, non-modulated note in frequency, and with a dominant frequency of 3122–3171 Hz. A molecular phylogeny based on a fragment of the mitochondrial gene 12S shows that the new species is sister to Pristimantis simonbolivari.
A new species of the spider genus Eridantes Crosby & Bishop from the southwestern United States and mainland Mexico with a revised diagnosis of the genus (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae)
Authors: PRENTICE THOMAS R. , REDAK RICHARD A.
Published: February 2013

A new Eridantes Crosby & Bishop (1933) species, E. diodontos n. sp., discovered in the United States in the state of Arizona and in Mexico in the state and city of San Luis Potosí, is described and illustrated. Both males and females are very similar to the respective sexes of the type species, E. erigonoides (Emerton 1882), but can be distinguished by the higher cephalic lobe, position of the prosomal pit, and the form of the palpal tibia in the male and by the convolution of the m-shaped carinae of the epigynum in the female. Comparative illustrations of the male bulb of E. erigonoides and a distribution map of the three known species are also provided. Pending formal taxonomic revision of Eridantes, a revised diagnosis and a brief description of the genus are presented based on examination of specimens of the type species and of the new species described here. The mesal rather than ectal position of the paracymbium and the broadly divided dorsal and ventral sclerites of the largely membranous radix are proposed synapomorphies that distinguish Eridantes from all similar genera.
On the genus Tenagogonus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) from India with a description of a new species
Authors: JEHAMALAR E. EYARIN , CHANDRA KAILASH
Published: February 2013

Tenagogonus venkataramani sp. nov. from Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve (GNBR), Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, is described and compared with allied species. Morphological notes on T. ceylonensis Hungerford and Matsuda, 1962, and T. nicobarensis Andersen, 1964, known from India, are presented along with distribution maps of these three Indian species.
Two new species of the ladybird beetle Hong Ślipiński from Chile (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Microweiseinae)
Authors: GONZÁLEZ GUILLERMO , ESCALONA HERMES E.
Published: February 2013

The ladybird beetle genus Hong Ślipiński was previously known from a single female specimen from a subtropical forest in South East Queensland, Australia. Hong guerreroi sp. nov. and H. slipinskii sp. nov. from a temperate forests of Central and Southern Chile are described and illustrated. A key for the species of the genus and complementary characters, in-cluding the first description of males, are provided.
The Response of the Dines Anemometer to Gusts and Comparisons with Cup Anemometers
Authors: Miller Craig , Holmes John , Henderson David , Ginger John , Morrison Murray
Published: February 2013

The Dines pressure tube anemometer was the primary wind speed recording instrument used in Australia until it was replaced by Synchrotac cup anemometers in the 1990s. Simultaneous observations of the gust wind speeds recorded using both types of anemometers during tropical cyclones have, however, raised questions about the equivalency of the gust wind speeds recorded using the two instruments. An experimental study of the response of both versions of the Dines anemometer used in Australia shows that the response of the anemometer is dominated by the motion of the float manometer used to record the wind speed. The amplitude response function shows the presence of two resonant peaks, with the amplitude and frequency of the peaks depending on the instrument version and the mean wind speed. Comparison of the gust wind speeds recorded using Dines and Synchrotac anemometers using random process and linear system theory shows that, on average, the low-speed Dines anemometer records values 2%–5% higher than those recorded using a Synchrotac anemometer under the same conditions, while the high-speed Dines anemometer records values 3%–7% higher, depending on the mean wind speed and turbulence intensity. These differences are exacerbated with the adoption of the WMO-recommended 3-s moving average gust wind speed when reporting the Synchrotac anemometer gust wind speeds, rising to 6%–12% and 11%–19% for low- and high-speed Dines anemometers, respectively. These results are consistent with both field observations and an independent extreme value analysis of simultaneously observed gust wind speeds at seven sites in northern Australia.
Micro-Level Interactions in Business–Nonprofit Partnerships
Authors: Vock Marlene , van Dolen Willemijn , Kolk Ans
Published: February 2013

While most research on business–nonprofit partnerships has focused on macro and meso perspectives, this article pays attention to the micro level. Drawing on various theoretical perspectives from both marketing and management, this study conceptually relates the outcomes of active employee participation in such partnerships to consumer self-interest. This article also explores empirically whether and when self-interest affects consumers’ responses toward firms in relation to business–nonprofit partnerships. The study reveals that self-interest can directly influence consumers’ behavioral responses toward firms (i.e., switching and buying intentions, and word of mouth), whereas the impact on evaluative responses in terms of attitude and trust is only weak. The fit between the firm and the nonprofit partner (company–cause fit) turns out to moderate this effect, with consumer self-interest only playing a role if fit is high. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Time Perspective and Sustainable Behavior
Authors: Arnocky Steven , Milfont Taciano L. , Nicol Jeffrey R.
Published: February 2013

The authors examined the efficacy of a two-factor model of consideration of future consequences (CFC) in understanding environmentally sustainable behaviors. In Study 1, individual differences in CFC-Immediate and CFC-Future were examined as predictors of environmental concern (EC) and behavior motivation (EB), controlling for values and sociodemographic variables. Results showed that low scores on the CFC-Immediate predicted EC and EB, with nonsignificant effects for CFC-Future. A prospect-concept priming task was used in Study 2 to implicitly activate future thinking which resulted in increases in ECs and behaviors, and these links were partially mediated by CFC-Immediate but not CFC-Future. The findings show that the associations between future time perspective and sustainable behaviors are driven by reduced immediate concerns. Implications for the role of time perspective in understanding and affecting sustainability efforts are discussed.
Interrogating Claims of Progress for Black Women Since 1970
Authors: Branch Enobong Hannah , Hanley Caroline
Published: February 2013

Utilizing a comparative and historical perspective, we interrogate claims of progress focusing on low-wage Black and White women workers from 1970 to 2000. We begin by offering a historical perspective on occupational segregation by race and gender, which informs the evaluation of low-wage Black women’s occupational progress. We then situate Black women’s occupational attainment since 1970 within the larger context of labor market restructuring, which fundamentally changed the occupational landscape. We find no evidence that industrial and occupational upgrading among low-wage Black women, particularly in the South, from 1970 to 2000 narrowed the racial wage gap among low-wage women. The wage gap between low-wage Black and White women declined because of larger changes in the American economy, which reduced the quality of those jobs, eroding the wage advantage that White women in the white-collar service sector once enjoyed.
An experimental study of improving fabric appearance of denim by using low torque singles ring spun yarns
Authors: Hua Tao , Tao Xiao Ming , Cheng Kwok Po Stephen , Xu Bin Gang , Huang Xin Xin
Published: February 2013

This paper presents an experimental study on the improvement of denim fabric appearance by reducing the residual torque of weft yarns. In this paper, 100% cotton low torque yarns of linear density 84 tex and 58 tex with different twist levels were produced by a new method of producing low torque yarns on a modified ring spinning machine. The results from the experiments show that the low torque yarns possess lower yarn snarling turns. Based on the mechanism analysis of ‘small snake’ pattern, the low torque ring yarns were applied to the denim fabric to improve fabric smoothness appearance. The experimental study demonstrates that the ‘small snake’ pattern of the denim fabrics has been greatly decreased by using the low residual torque ring yarns as weft yarns. Objective measurements of the low stress mechanical and surface properties of denim fabrics using low torque and conventional yarns were conducted. The results show that the denim fabric using the low torque ring yarns as weft yarns presents a smoother and more even surface. Moreover, a multiple comparisons LSD test of fabric properties indicates that there is no significant difference on tensile strength and tearing strength between fabric samples using the low torque ring yarns and conventional ring yarns with normal twist level as weft yarns, respectively. In addition, the experimental results demonstrate that the ‘small snake’ pattern of the fabric decreased with the reduction of weft yarn snarling.
A Note on the Average Density Function in Urban Analysis
Authors: Holden Darryl , Parr John B.
Published: February 2013

It is argued that the density function, commonly used in the study of urban spatial structure, is more appropriately described as the ‘marginal density function’. From such a marginal density function, it is possible to derive two types of average density function, each being concerned with a particular aspect of the spatial structure of population. The first type is consistent with the standard approach to the ‘average’ in economic analysis, while the second more completely takes account of the urban context. The two types of average density function are examined for different underlying forms of the marginal density function. Of the two types, the second has a greater applicability than the first in the analysis of urban spatial structure.
When Does Virtuality Really “Work”? Examining the Role of Work–Family and Virtuality in Social Loafing
Authors: Perry Sara Jansen , Lorinkova Natalia M. , Hunter Emily M. , Hubbard Abigail , McMahon J. Timothy
Published: February 2013

We sought to clarify the relationship between virtuality and social loafing by exploring two work–family moderators—family responsibility and dissimilarity in terms of family responsibility—and two mediators—cohesion and psychological obligation—in two studies. We expected that “busy teams” (i.e., comprising similar individuals with many family responsibilities) would exhibit the strongest positive virtuality–social loafing relationship, and teams comprising similar individuals with few family responsibilities would experience a weaker virtuality–social loafing relationship. We expected that individuals working with dissimilar others would report consistently high levels of social loafing regardless of virtuality. Furthermore, we expected cohesion and psychological obligation to one’s teammates would mediate these effects. Similar individuals in teams indeed exhibited different virtuality–social loafing relationships in both studies, suggesting that the flexibility provided by virtuality might be more effective in teams comprising similar people with few family responsibilities. Study 2 further revealed that cohesion and obligation may mediate these effects, such that high levels of these mediators were associated with low levels of social loafing in similar teams comprising people with few family responsibilities. We discuss contributions to the virtual work and social loafing literatures, as well as the work–family and team literatures. We also suggest several specific actions managers can take on the basis of these findings, including for employees with few versus many family responsibilities.
Work Stress and Employee Health
Authors: Ganster Daniel C. , Rosen Christopher C.
Published: February 2013

Research examining the relationship between work stress and well-being has flourished over the past 20 years. At the same time, research on physiological stress processes has also advanced significantly. One of the major advances in this literature has been the emergence of the Allostatic Load model as a central organizing theory for understanding the physiology of stress. In this article, the Allostatic Load model is used as an organizing framework for reviewing the vast literature that has considered health outcomes that are associated with exposure to psychosocial stressors at work. This review spans multiple disciplines and includes a critical discussion of management and applied psychology research, epidemiological studies, and recent developments in biology, neuroendocrinology, and physiology that provide insight into how workplace experiences affect well-being. The authors critically review the literature within an Allostatic Load framework, with a focus on primary (e.g., stress hormones, anxiety and tension) and secondary (e.g., resting blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index) mediators, as well as tertiary disease end points (e.g., cardiovascular disease, depression, mortality). Recommendations are provided for how future research can offer deeper insight into primary Allostatic Load processes that explain the effects of workplace experiences on mental and physical well-being.
A PET study with [11C]AZ10419369 to determine brain 5-HT1B receptor occupancy of zolmitriptan in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Varnäs Katarina , Jučaitė Aurelija , McCarthy Dennis J , Stenkrona Per , Nord Magdalena , Halldin Christer , Farde Lars , Kanes Stephen
Published: February 2013

Aim

To investigate the occupancy at brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 1B receptors in human subjects after administration of the antimigraine drug zolmitriptan.

Methods

Positron emission tomography (PET) studies were undertaken using the radioligand [11C]AZ10419369 in eight control subjects at baseline and after administration of zolmitriptan orodispersible tablets. The subjects were examined after two consecutive administrations of 10 mg zolmitriptan, approximately 1 week apart. Two of the subjects were subsequently examined after administration of 5 mg zolmitriptan. One week after the last administration of zolmitriptan five of the subjects underwent additional PET measurements without drug pretreatment.

Results

After administration of 10 mg zolmitriptan, mean receptor occupancy was 4–5%. No consistent changes in 5-HT1B receptor binding were observed for subjects who received 5 mg zolmitriptan. There was a statistically significant negative relationship between binding potential ( BPND) and plasma concentration of zolmitriptan and the active metabolite 183C91, respectively. All of the five subjects who were examined 1 week after dosing with zolmitriptan showed higher BPND post drug administration compared with baseline.

Conclusion

This is the first demonstration of CNS 5-HT1B receptor occupancy of a triptan. The findings are consistent with the low receptor occupancy previously reported in PET studies with agonists at other G protein coupled receptors.