bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamics of two parallel bristled wings in low Reynolds number flow
Authors: Wu Yu Kai , Liu Yan Peng , Sun Mao
Published: June 2022

Most of the smallest flying insects use bristled wings. It was observed that during the second half of their upstroke, the left and right wings become parallel and close to each other at the back, and move upward at zero angle of attack. In this period, the wings may produce drag (negative vertical force) and side forces which tend to push two wings apart. Here we study the aerodynamic forces and flows of two simplified bristled wings experiencing such a motion, compared with the case of membrane wings (flat-plate wings), to see if there is any advantage in using the bristled wings. The method of computational fluid dynamics is used in the study. The results are as follows. In the motion of two bristled wings, the drag acting on each wing is 40% smaller than the case of a single bristled wing conducting the same motion, and only a very small side force is produced. But in the case of the flat-plate wings, although there is similar drag reduction, the side force on each wing is larger than that of the bristled wing by an order of magnitude (the underlying physical reason is discussed in the paper). Thus, if the smallest insects use membrane wings, their flight muscles need to overcome large side forces in order to maintain the intended motion for less negative lift, whereas using bristled wings do not have this problem. Therefore, the adoption of bristled wings can be beneficial during upward movement of the wings near the end of the upstroke, which may be one reason why most of the smallest insects adopt them.
Mutations in the miR-142 gene are not common in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Galka-Marciniak Paulina , Kanduła Zuzanna , Tire Adrian , Wegorek Wladyslaw , Gwozdz-Bak Kinga , Handschuh Luiza , Giefing Maciej , Lewandowski Krzysztof , Kozlowski Piotr
Published: June 2022

Recent data indicate that MIR142 is the most frequently mutated miRNA gene and one of the most frequently mutated noncoding elements in all cancers, with mutations occurring predominantly in blood cancers, especially diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma. Functional analyses show that the MIR142 alterations have profound consequences for lympho- and myelopoiesis. Furthermore, one of the targets downregulated by miR-142-5p is CD274, which encodes PD-L1 that is elevated in many cancer types, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). To extend knowledge about the occurrence of MIR142 mutations, we sequenced the gene in a large panel of MPNs [~ 700 samples, including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and chronic myeloid leukemia], neoplasm types in which such mutations have never been tested, and in panels of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We identified 3 mutations (one in a PMF sample and two others in one CLL sample), indicating that MIR142 mutations are rare in MPNs. In summary, mutations in MIR142 are rare in MPNs; however, in specific subtypes, such as PMF, their frequency may be comparable to that observed in CLL or AML.
Spatial delivery of immune cues to lymph nodes to define therapeutic outcomes in cancer vaccination
Authors: Andorko James I. , Tsai Shannon J. , Gammon Joshua M. , Carey Sean T. , Zeng Xiangbin , Gosselin Emily A. , Edwards Camilla , Shah Shrey A. , Hess Krystina L. , Jewell Christopher M.
Published: June 2022

Local signal integration in lymph nodes (LNs) controls the potency and selectivity of immune responses. Here, intra-LN depots were used to direct communication within treated LNs, causing programmable and divergent systemic immunotherapy outcomes.
Visible-light NO photolysis of ruthenium nitrosyl complexes with N2O2 ligands bearing π-extended rings and their photorelease dynamics
Authors: Kim Minyoung , Park Seongchul , Song Dayoon , Moon Dohyun , You Youngmin , Lim Manho , Lee Hong-In
Published: June 2022

{Ru–NO}6 complexes with N2O2 ligands bearing π-extended rings effectively release NO under visible light excitation. Their Ru–NNO bond-dissociation is initiated by a ligand-to-ligand charge transfer.
Metal-encapsulated carbon nanotube arrays for enhancing electrocatalytic nitrate reduction in wastewater: importance of lying-down to standing-up structure transition
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Ma Huanxin , Duan Weijian , Lin Zichao , Feng Chunhua
Published: June 2022

The structure transition from lying-down to standing-up greatly improves the performance of metal-encapsulated and nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalysts towards electrocatalytic nitrate reduction.
Interfacially designed magnetic nanoparticles as Fenton-like catalyst for efficient chemical cleaning of polyamide nanofiltration membranes
Authors: Huang Jiachen , Luo Jianquan , Chen Xiangrong , Feng Shichao , Wan Yinhua
Published: June 2022

To remove stubborn pore fouling, Fenton catalysis with interfacially designed Fe3O4 nanoparticles is used to clean polyamide nanofiltration membrane, and such magnetic cleaning agent is easily recovered and reused for green membrane cleaning.
A versatile strategy to construct free-standing multi-furcated vessels and a complicated vascular network in heterogeneous porous scaffolds via combination of 3D printing and stimuli-responsive hydrogels
Authors: Su Hongxian , Li Qingtao , Li Dingguo , Li Haofei , Feng Qi , Cao Xiaodong , Dong Hua
Published: June 2022

Biomimetic multi-furcated vessels (MFVs) and heterogeneous porous scaffolds containing multi-furcated vessels (HPS-MFVs) can be fabricated by combining stimuli-responsive gelatin/chitosan hydrogels and 3D printing technology.
AIE-based gold nanostar-berberine dimer nanocomposites for PDT and PTT combination therapy toward breast cancer
Authors: Li Rong-Tian , Chen Ming , Yang Zi-Chuan , Chen Yong-Jian , Huang Nai-Han , Chen Wen-Hua , Chen Jun , Chen Jin-Xiang
Published: June 2022

We have developed a series of berberine-based dimers with notable AIE properties to interact with pre-designed gold nanostar to achieve synergistic treatment amongst chemo- and photothermal- and photodynamic therapies for breast cancer.
Visible light-induced selenylative spirocyclization of biaryl ynones toward the formation of selenated spiro[5.5]trienones
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Zheng Xinran , Zhou Shu-Feng , Cui Xiuling
Published: June 2022

A visible-light induced dearomative cascade cyclization of biaryl ynones with diselenides under photocatalyst and external additive-free conditions has been explored, giving a series of selenated spiro[5.5]trienones in moderate to good yields.
Double hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(dehydroalanine) four-arm star block copolymers: synthesis and solution behavior
Authors: Mons Peter J. , Fribiczer Nora , Kowalczuk Kathrin , Poudel Purushottam , Seiffert Sebastian , Schacher Felix H.
Published: June 2022

We report the synthesis and solution behavior of double hydrophilic star-shaped block copolymers featuring an ampholytic polydehydroalanine segment.
Constructing NiCo2Se4/NiCoS4 heterostructures for high-performance rechargeable aluminum battery cathodes
Authors: Zhou Wei , Du Yiqun , Kang Rongkai , Sun Ximan , Zhang Wenyang , Wan Jiaqi , Chen Guowen , Zhang Jianxin
Published: June 2022

An aluminum battery based on the NiCo2Se4/NiCoS4 cathode delivers a capacity of 112 mA h g−1 after 195 cycles. The charge–discharge principle of the NiCo2Se4/NiCoS4 cathode is the Al3+ intercalation and valence state transition of the Ni, Co, and S elements.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of chiral thiohydantoins via the domino cyclization reaction of β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters and N,N′-dialkylthiourea
Authors: Zhang Meng-Cheng , Wang Dong-Chao , Qu Gui-Rong , Guo Hai-Ming
Published: June 2022

The first catalytic asymmetric route to synthesize chiral thiohydantoins using a chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed domino cyclization reaction of N,N′-dialkyl thioureas with β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters.
Curcumin assisted green synthesis of silver and zinc oxide nanostructures and their antibacterial activity against some clinical pathogenic multi-drug resistant bacteria
Authors: El-Kattan Noura , Emam Ahmed N. , Mansour Ahmed S. , Ibrahim Mostafa A. , Abd El-Razik Ashraf B. , Allam Kamilia A. M. , Riad Nadia Youssef , Ibrahim Samir A.
Published: June 2022

Curcumin-assisted synthesized Ag and ZnO NPs showed significant antibacterial activity with lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the multi-drug resistance bacteria and biocompatibility compared to traditionally used antibiotics.
Photocatalysed direct amination of benzene and ammonia over Ti–V-MCM-41
Authors: Yang Chunhua , Wang Xiaomei , Lin Chun-Hong , Zhu Wentao
Published: June 2022

A series of Ti–V-MCM-41 catalysts with different silicon–titanium ratios was prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method. The yield and selectivity of aniline were improved to 6.11% and 90.7% by optimizing the synthesis and reaction conditions.
Study on the coordination of cyclopentanocucurbit[5,6]uril with Fe3+, Co2+ and Ni2+ ions
Authors: Zheng Jun , Ma Yue , Yang Xinan , Ma Peihua
Published: June 2022

This paper reports the coordination of cyclopentanocucurbit[5]uril (CyP5Q[5]) and cyclopentanocucurbit[6]uril (CyP6Q[6]) with Fe(ClO4)3, Co(ClO4)2 and Ni(ClO4)2.
The nature of metal–metal bonding in Re-, Ru- and Os-corrole dimers
Authors: Obies Mohammed , Hussein Aqeel A.
Published: June 2022

Our CASSCF calculations on the first oxidation and reduction processes of the synthesised [{Re[TpXPC]}2]0, [{Ru[TpXPC]}2]0, and [{Os[TpXPC]}2]0 molecules revealed a pronounced effect on the nature of the metal–metal bonding.
Preparation of solvent-free starch-based carbon dots for the selective detection of Ru3+ ions
Authors: Chen Menglin , Liu Can , Zhai Jichao , An Yulong , Li Yan , Zheng Yunwu , Tian Hao , Shi Rui , He Xiahong , Lin Xu
Published: June 2022

A simple, green, and solvent-free pyrolysis method for the preparation of starch-based carbon dots (CDs) was developed.
Catapulting of topological defects through elasticity bands in active nematics
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Zhang Rui , Redford Steven A. , de Pablo Juan J. , Gardel Margaret L.
Published: June 2022

Here we explore an active nematic liquid crystal with high bend elasticity and identify that elongated regions of acute bend distortion, or “elasticity bands”, dominate the structure and dynamics.
Viscous droplet impingement on soft substrates
Authors: Lin Marcus , Vo Quoc , Mitra Surjyasish , Tran Tuan
Published: June 2022

Viscous droplets impinging on soft substrates may exhibit several distinct behaviours including repeated bouncing, wetting, and hovering, i.e., spreading and retracting after impact without bouncing back or wetting.
Chain-shattering polymeric sulfur dioxide prodrug micelles for redox-triggered gas therapy of osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhang Weifei , Deng Jiapeng , Zheng Yien , Weng Jian , Yu Fei , Wang Deli , Zheng Ming , Kang Bin , Zeng Hui
Published: June 2022

A chain-shattering polymeric SO2prodrug micelle system was fabricated for effective SO2delivery and redox-triggered SO2based gas therapy of osteosarcoma.
Hydrogen sulfide releasing hydrogel for alleviating cardiac inflammation and protecting against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Lijuan , Yin Yong , Shen Jian , Xie Jun , Yuan Jiang
Published: June 2022

4-Aminobenzothioamide was conjugated with keratin to afford KAT, which could improve the stability and periodicity of H2S release. Then, KAT was embedded into F-127 hydrogel and applied in an experimental I/R model of rats.
Milky Way archaeology using RR Lyrae and type II Cepheids
Authors: Prudil Z. , Koch-Hansen A. J. , Lemasle B. , Grebel E. K. , Marchetti T. , Hansen C. J. , Crestani J. , Braga V. F. , Bono G. , Chaboyer B. , Fabrizio M. , Dall’Ora M. , Martínez-Vázquez C. E.
Published: June 2022

We report the discovery of high-velocity candidates among RR Lyrae stars found in the Milky Way halo. We identified nine RR Lyrae stars with Galactocentric velocities exceeding the local escape velocity based on the assumed Galaxy potential. Furthermore, based on a close examination of their orbits’, we ruled out their ejection location in the Milky Way disk and bulge. The spatial distribution revealed that seven out of nine pulsators overlap with the position of the Sagittarius stellar stream. Two out of these seven RR Lyrae stars can be tentatively linked to the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy on the basis of their orbits. Focusing on the high-velocity tail of the RR Lyrae velocity distribution, we estimated the escape velocity in the Solar neighborhood to be vesc = 512−37+94 km s−1 (4 to 12 kpc); and beyond the Solar neighborhood as vesc = 436−22+44 km s−1 and vesc = 393−26+53 km s−1 (for distances between 12 to 20 kpc and 20 to 28 kpc), respectively. We utilized three escape velocity estimates together with the local circular velocity to estimate the Milky Way mass. The resulting measurement M200 = 0.83−0.16+0.29 × 1012 M⊙ falls on the lower end of the current Milky Way mass estimates, but once corrected for the likely bias in the escape velocity (an increase of approximately 10% in terms of the escape velocity), our mass estimate yields M200 = 1.26−0.22+0.40 × 1012 M⊙, which is in agreement with estimates based on different diagnostics of the Milky Way (MW) mass. The MW mass of within 20 kpc then corresponds to MMW(r < 20 kpc) = 1.9−0.1+0.2 × 1011 M⊙ without any correction for bias, and MMW(r < 20 kpc) = 2.1−0.1+0.2 × 1011 M⊙ corrected for a likely offset in escape velocities.
Diffuse radio emission from non-Planckgalaxy clusters in the LoTSS-DR2 fields
Authors: Hoang D. N. , Brüggen M. , Botteon A. , Shimwell T. W. , Zhang X. , Bonafede A. , Bruno L. , Bonnassieux E. , Cassano R. , Cuciti V. , Drabent A. , de Gasperin F. , Gastaldello F. , Di Gennaro G. , Hoeft M. , Jones A. , Pignataro G. V. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Simionescu A. , van Weeren R. J.
Published: June 2022

Context.The presence of large-scale magnetic fields and ultra-relativistic electrons in the intra-cluster medium (ICM) is confirmed through the detection of diffuse radio synchrotron sources, so-called radio halos and relics. Due to their steep-spectrum nature, these sources are rarely detected at frequencies above a few gigahertz, especially in low-mass systems.

Aims.The aim of this study is to discover and characterise diffuse radio sources in low-mass galaxy clusters in order to understand their origin and their scaling with host cluster properties.

Methods.We searched for cluster-scale radio emission from low-mass galaxy clusters in the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey – Data Release 2 (LoTSS-DR2) fields. We made use of existing optical (Abell, DESI, WHL) and X-ray (comPRASS, MCXC) catalogues. The LoTSS-DR2 data were processed further to improve the quality of the images that are used to detect and characterise diffuse sources.

Results.We detect diffuse radio emission in 28 galaxy clusters. The numbers of confirmed (candidates) halos and relics are six (seven) and 10 (three), respectively. Among these, 11 halos and 10 relics, including candidates, are newly discovered by LOFAR. In addition to these, five diffuse sources are detected in tailed radio galaxies and are probably associated with mergers during the formation of the host clusters. We are unable to classify a further 13 diffuse sources. We compare our newly detected, diffuse sources to known sources by placing them on the scaling relation between the radio power and the mass of the host clusters.
Plausibility of ultraviolet burst generation in the low solar chromosphere
Authors: Ni Lei , Cheng Guanchong , Lin Jun
Published: June 2022

Context.Ultraviolet (UV) bursts and Ellerman bombs (EBs) are small-scale magnetic reconnection events taking place in the highly stratified, low solar atmosphere. The plasma density, reconnection mechanisms, radiative cooling and transfer processes clearly differ from one layer of the atmosphere to the next. In particular, EBs are believed to form in the upper photosphere or the low chromosphere. It is still not clear whether UV bursts have to be generated at a higher atmospheric layer than the EBs or whether both UV bursts and EBs can occur in the low chromosphere.

Aims.We numerically studied the lowβmagnetic reconnection process around the solar temperature minimum region (TMR) by including more realistic physical diffusions and radiative cooling models. We aim to find out whether UV bursts may occur in the low chromosphere and to investigate the dominant mechanism that accounts for heating in the UV burst in the chromosphere.

Methods.We used the single-fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code NIRVANA to perform the simulations. The time-dependent ionization degrees of hydrogen and helium are included in the code, which lead to a more realistic magnetic diffusion caused by electron-neutral collision and ambipolar diffusion. A more realistic radiative cooling model is also included in the simulations. The initial mass density and temperature are 1.66057 × 10−6kg m−3and 4400 K, respectively, values that are typical for the plasma environment around TMR.

Results.Our results in high resolution indicate that the plasmas in the reconnection region are heated up to more than 20 000 K if the reconnecting magnetic field is as strong as 500 G, which suggests that UV bursts can be generated in the dense low chromosphere. The dominant mechanism for producing the UV burst in the low chromosphere is heating, as a result of the local compression in the reconnection process. The thermal energy occurring in the reconnection region rapidly increases after the turbulent reconnection mediated by plasmoids is invoked. The average power density of the generated thermal energy in the reconnection region can reach over 1000 erg cm−3s−1, which is comparable to the average power density accounting for a UV burst. With the strength of the reconnecting magnetic field exceeding 900 G, the width of the synthesized Si IV 1394 Å line profile with multiple peaks can reach up to 100 km s−1, which is consistent with observations.
Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS)
Authors: Marchetti Tommaso , Johnson Christian I. , Joyce Meridith , Rich R.Michael , Simion Iulia T. , Young Michael D. , Clarkson William , Pilachowski Catherine A. , Michael Scott , Kunder Andrea , Koch-Hansen Andreas J.
Published: June 2022

Aims.The Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS) has imaged more than 200 square degrees of the southern Galactic bulge, providing photometry in theugrizyfilters for ∼250 million unique stars. The presence of a strong foreground disk population, along with complex reddening and extreme image crowding, has made it difficult to constrain the presence of young and intermediate age stars in the bulge population.

Methods.We employed an accurate cross-match of BDBS with the latest data release (EDR3) from theGaiamission, matching more than 140 million sources with BDBS photometry andGaiaEDR3 photometry and astrometry. We relied onGaiaEDR3 astrometry, without any photometric selection, to produce clean BDBS bulge colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs).Gaiaparallaxes were used to filter out bright foreground sources, and a Gaussian mixture model fit to Galactic proper motions could identify stars kinematically consistent with bulge membership. We applied this method to 127 different bulge fields of 1 deg2each, with |ℓ| ≤ 9.5° and −9.5° ≤b ≤ −2.5°.

Results.The astrometric cleaning procedure removes the majority of blue stars in each field, especially near the Galactic plane, where the ratio of blue to red stars is ≲10%, increasing to values ∼20% at higher Galactic latitudes. We rule out the presence of a widespread population of stars younger than 2 Gyr. The vast majority of blue stars brighter than the turnoff belong to the foreground population, according to their measured astrometry. We introduce the distance between the observed red giant branch bump and the red clump as a simple age proxy for the dominant population in the field, and we confirm the picture of a predominantly old bulge. Further work is needed to apply the method to estimate ages to fields at higher latitudes, and to model the complex morphology of the Galactic bulge. We also produce transverse kinematic maps, recovering expected patterns related to the presence of the bar and of the X-shaped nature of the bulge.
Dust emissivity in resolved spiral galaxies
Authors: Bianchi Simone , Casasola Viviana , Corbelli Edvige , Galliano Frédéric , Magrini Laura , Nersesian Angelos , Salvestrini Francesco , Baes Maarten , Cassarà Letizia P. , Clark Christopher J. R. , De Looze Ilse , Jones Anthony P. , Madden Suzanne C. , Mosenkov Aleksandr , Ysard Nathalie
Published: June 2022

Context. The far-infrared (FIR) and sub-millimeter (submm) emissivity, ϵν, of the Milky Way (MW) cirrus is an important benchmark for dust grain models. Dust masses in other galaxies are generally derived from the FIR/submm using the emission properties of these MW-calibrated models.

Aims. We seek to derive the FIR/submm ϵν in nine nearby spiral galaxies to check its compatibility with MW cirrus measurements.

Methods. We obtained values of ϵν at 70–500 μm, using maps of dust emission from the Herschel satellite and of gas surface density from the THINGS and HERACLES surveys on a scale generally corresponding to 440 pc. We studied the variation of ϵν with the surface brightness ratio Iν(250 μm)/Iν(500 μm), a proxy for the intensity of the interstellar radiation field heating the dust.

Results. We find that the average value of ϵν agrees with MW estimates for pixels sharing the same color as the cirrus, namely, for Iν(250 μm)/Iν(500 μm)=4.5. For Iν(250 μm)/Iν(500 μm)> 5, the measured emissivity is instead up to a factor ∼2 lower than predicted from MW dust models heated by stronger radiation fields. Regions with higher Iν(250 μm)/Iν(500 μm) are preferentially closer to the galactic center and have a higher overall (stellar+gas) surface density and molecular fraction. The results do not depend strongly on the adopted CO-to-molecular conversion factor and do not appear to be affected by the mixing of heating conditions.

Conclusions. Our results confirm the validity of MW dust models at low density, but are at odds with predictions for grain evolution in higher density environments. If the lower-than-expected ϵν at high Iν(250 μm)/Iν(500 μm) is the result of intrinsic variations in the dust properties, it would imply an underestimation of the dust mass surface density of up to a factor ∼2 when using current dust models.
Mitochondrial diversity and population structure of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in the Pearl River after anthropogenic release
Authors: Yang Jiping , Li Yuefei , Zhu Shuli , Li Xinhui , Li Jie , Chen Weitao
Published: June 2022

The grass carpCtenopharyngodon idellais a commercially relevant carp species with a long-term artificial release history in China. To date, several genetic diversity studies have been performed on the Yangtze RiverC. idellapopulations, but similar reports were sparse for the Pearl River populations. Here, our study explored the genetic diversity patterns and population structure of the Pearl RiverC. idellapopulations after human intervention using two mitochondrial loci. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that grass carp populations in the Pearl River exhibited two maternal genetic lineages. Haplotype networks demonstrated that most main Pearl River haplotypes were shared with those of the Yangtze River samples. No genetic structure was detected among the Pearl populations and low level of population differentiation was observed between individual Yangtze River populations and the Pearl River populations. These findings might be attributed to the high dispersal ability of grass carp, as well as anthropogenic release. Moreover, the nucleotide diversity of the Pearl River populations was higher than that of the Yangtze River, indicating that artificial release programs might have significant effects on the genetic diversity of the Pearl River populations. Taken together, our findings demonstrated artificial release programs may have influenced the Pearl River grass carp populations and provide important knowledge that may guide the future management of grass carp in the Pearl River.
Valuable metals recovery and vitrification of chromium-containing electroplating sludge
Authors: Wang Hong-Yang , Hou Yong , Zhang Guo-Hua , Chou Kuo-Chih
Published: June 2022

In this work, a two-stage process was developed to recover the valuable elements from chromium-containing electroplating sludge (CES). The low sulfur/carbon Fe-Si-Cr alloy containing 31.61%Fe, 31.78%Cr, 36.59%Si, 0.01%C and 0.01%S was produced, and the recovery extent of Cr reached 98.62%. The CES was pre-desulfurized at 1000–1200 ℃, and reaction between components CaSO4 and Fe2O3 in the CES to produce CaFe4O7 was the main desulfurization mechanism. The desulfurized CES was then reduced by silicon at 1600 ℃ to prepare the Fe-Si-Cr alloy, and the SiO2 generated from the silicothermic reduction helps the vitrification of the slag. The presence of silicon in alloys and the CaO in the slag are the key factors for the low content of sulfur in alloy. Adding CaO also helped to decrease the viscosity of slag, and thus reduced the metal loss by enhancing the slag-metal separation efficiency.
Deriving an equation of state for nanoconfined fluids
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: June 2022

Nanothermodynamics: a framework to predict the behavior of nanoconfined fluids
Distribution, composition and environmental correlates of high-altitude gravelly pavement herbfields in north-eastern Victoria, Australia
Authors: Blackburn-Smith Alexandra , Morgan John W.
Published: June 2022

Context Gravelly pavement herbfields are a rare, geographically restricted community found in high mountain areas of south-eastern Australia. Gravelly pavement plant communities occur where there is continuous waterflow, with vegetation comprising sparse, semi-aquatic species on a rock or gravel substratum. Aims This study aimed to further the understanding of the community on the Bogong High Plains, Victoria, by asking questions relating to their location, structure and floristic composition. In particular, we ask what determines the distribution of pavement communities at the landscape-scale; and what abiotic factors govern between- and within-site vegetation patterns? Results Gravelly pavement communities were associated with groundwater outflows and are likely to be formed by an interaction between surface waterflow and slope. This work adds to the current understanding of wetland types in high-mountain Australia because, to our knowledge, this relationship has not been previously described. Floristic patterns vary with slope and elevation, with high-elevation pavements on steep slopes being floristically dissimilar to those at lower elevation on flatter slopes. Species richness was consistent across sites and only a few species were found at high abundance. Within-site patterning is apparent in most pavements, attributable to abiotic factors such as rockiness and water availability, leading to characteristic vegetation patterns. Species such as the sedge Oreobolus pumilio occur on the margins of pavements where water levels are variable, whereas forbs such as Psychrophila introloba are typically found in the middle of pavements where there is constant water supply. Conclusions Gravelly pavement communities are groundwater-dependant ecosystems, restricted at the landscape-scale and contain many rare species and, as such, deserve higher levels of protection than is currently offered.
Selection for seed dormancy within
Authors: Ramiz Zarka , Malone Jenna , Preston Christopher , Gill Gurjeet
Published: June 2022

Context Bromus diandrus Roth is a serious weed of cereal-based cropping systems in South Australia. Its adaptation to local climate and production systems, prolific seed production and evolution of herbicide resistance have made this weed difficult to manage. Aims Studies were undertaken to determine genetic variation in seed dormancy within B. diandrus populations and its association with genes involved with gibberellic acid and abscisic acid synthesis. Methodology Seeds from five B. diandrus populations were sampled during 2017 from commercial fields and planted during 2018 in pots. Protracted seedling emergence in these populations allowed selection of low and high dormancy cohorts. Seeds produced by these cohorts from each population were evaluated for variation in seed dormancy in the following year. The process of cohort selection and seed dormancy evaluation was repeated. The mechanism regulating seed dormancy was investigated in 2020 by assessing seeds of low and high dormancy cohorts concurrently for dormancy and for expression of ABA1 and GA20ox genes, using quantitative real-time PCR. Results There was at least a two-fold difference in seed dormancy among populations collected from different farms. Low and high dormancy cohorts within each population maintained consistent differences in seed dormancy in both years of assessment, suggesting genetic control over this trait. Differences in seed dormancy between low and high dormancy cohorts were significantly correlated with ABA1 and GA20ox gene expression. Conclusions Large differences in seed dormancy exist between individuals in B. diandrus populations. The study has provided evidence of genetic variation for seed dormancy within B. diandrus populations, which was associated with ABA1 and GA20ox gene expression. Implications Presence of genetic variation for seed dormancy could play an important role in adaptation to escape pre-sowing weed-control tactics, meaning that B. diandrus could become an even greater problem in field crops grown in this region.
Polar weighing—an Oertling balance in Antarctica
Authors: Williams Nicola H.
Published: June 2022

Scales and spring balances have been part of the equipment of polar expeditions since the explorations of the nineteenth century, but precision beam balances have also been included, specifically, those made by the London instrument firm of L. Oertling. In this paper, the reasons for taking such delicate instruments into such adverse conditions are discussed, as well as some of the logistical and practical problems involved in their transport, storage, and probable use.
A vascularized model of the human liver mimics regenerative responses
Authors: Chhabra Arnav , Song H.-H. Greco , Grzelak Katarzyna A. , Polacheck William J. , Fleming Heather E. , Chen Christopher S. , Bhatia Sangeeta N.
Published: June 2022

Liver regeneration is a well-orchestrated process that is typically studied in animal models. Although previous animal studies have offered many insights into liver regeneration, human biology is less well understood. To this end, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) platform called structurally vascularized hepatic ensembles for analyzing regeneration (SHEAR) to model multiple aspects of human liver regeneration. SHEAR enables control over hemodynamic alterations to mimic those that occur during liver injury and regeneration and supports the administration of biochemical inputs such as cytokines and paracrine interactions with endothelial cells. We found that exposing the endothelium-lined channel to fluid flow led to increased secretion of regeneration-associated factors. Stimulation with relevant cytokines not only amplified the secretory response, but also induced cell-cycle entry of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) embedded within the device. Further, we identified endothelial-derived mediators that are sufficient to initiate proliferation of PHHs in this context. Collectively, the data presented here underscore the importance of multicellular models that can recapitulate high-level tissue functions and demonstrate that the SHEAR device can be used to discover and validate conditions that promote human liver regeneration.
The calcium signaling module CaM–IQM destabilizes IAA–ARF interaction to regulate callus and lateral root formation
Authors: Zhang Shiqi , Yu Ruixue , Yu Dongxue , Chang Pengjie , Guo Shiqi , Yang Xiaona , Liu Xinchun , Xu Chongyi , Hu Yuxin
Published: June 2022

Induction of a pluripotent cell mass, called callus, from detached organs is an initial step in in vitro plant regeneration, during which phytohormone auxin-induced ectopic activation of a root developmental program has been shown to be required for subsequent de novo regeneration of shoots and roots. However, whether other signals are involved in governing callus formation, and thus plant regeneration capability, remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the
Arabidopsis
calcium (Ca
2+
) signaling module CALMODULIN IQ-MOTIF CONTAINING PROTEIN (CaM–IQM) interacts with auxin signaling to regulate callus and lateral root formation. We show that disruption of IQMs or CaMs retards auxin-induced callus and lateral root formation by dampening auxin responsiveness, and that CaM–IQM complexes physically interact with the auxin signaling repressors INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE (IAA) proteins in a Ca
2+
-dependent manner. We further provide evidence that the physical interaction of CaM6 with IAA19 destabilizes the repressive interaction of IAA19 with AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7), and thus regulates auxin-induced callus formation. These findings not only define a critical role of CaM–IQM-mediated Ca
2+
signaling in callus and lateral root formation, but also provide insight into the interplay of Ca
2+
signaling and auxin actions during plant regeneration and development.
Rapid self-test of unprocessed viruses of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in saliva by portable wireless graphene biosensor
Authors: Ban Deependra Kumar , Bodily Tyler , Karkisaval Abhijith G. , Dong Yongliang , Natani Shreyam , Ramanathan Anirudh , Ramil Armando , Srivastava Sunil , Bandaru Prab , Glinsky Gennadi , Lal Ratnesh
Published: June 2022

We have developed a DNA aptamer-conjugated graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensor platform to detect receptor-binding domain (RBD), nucleocapsid (N), and spike (S) proteins, as well as viral particles of original Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus and its variants in saliva samples. The GFET biosensor is a label-free, rapid (≤20 min), ultrasensitive handheld wireless readout device. The limit of detection (LoD) and the limit of quantitation (LoQ) of the sensor are 1.28 and 3.89 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL for S protein and 1.45 and 4.39 PFU/mL for N protein, respectively. Cognate spike proteins of major variants of concern (N501Y, D614G, Y453F, Omicron-B1.1.529) showed sensor response ≥40 mV from the control (aptamer alone) for fM to nM concentration range. The sensor response was significantly lower for viral particles and cognate proteins of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) compared to SARS-CoV-2, indicating the specificity of the diagnostic platform for SARS-CoV-2 vs. MERS viral proteins. During the early phase of the pandemic, the GFET sensor response agreed with RT-PCR data for oral human samples, as determined by the negative percent agreement (NPA) and positive percent agreement (PPA). During the recent Delta/Omicron wave, the GFET sensor also reliably distinguished positive and negative clinical saliva samples. Although the sensitivity is lower during the later pandemic phase, the GFET-defined positivity rate is in statistically close alignment with the epidemiological population-scale data. Thus, the aptamer-based GFET biosensor has a high level of precision in clinically and epidemiologically significant SARS-CoV-2 variant detection. This universal pathogen-sensing platform is amenable for a broad range of public health applications and real-time environmental monitoring.
Effect of tool offsetting on friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminium matrix composite and aluminium alloy
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Beibei , Xue Peng , Ni Dingrui , Xiao Bolv , Hou XiaoDong , Gao Jianbo , Chen Liqing , Ma Zongyi
Published: June 2022

Commercial 6061 Al alloy and SiCp reinforced 6092 Al matrix composite (AMC) were joined by friction-stir welding (FSW) with different tool offsets. Results show offsetting the pin to Al alloy side could significantly reduce tool wear, while maintaining ultimate tensile strength of the joint around 180 MPa. As tool offset increased from zero to 3 mm, pin and shoulder wear length reduced from 0.17 mm to almost zero and from 0.28 to 0.02 mm, respectively. The corresponding estimated maximum safe welding length increased from 568 to 3125 mm. Fe debris were generated from the steel pin by the sharp SiC particles, then transferred into the nugget zone, eventually formed Al8Fe2Si particles during the FSW process.
High-resolution Solar Image Reconstruction Based on Non-rigid Alignment
Authors: Liu Hui , Jin Zhenyu , Xiang Yongyuan , Ji Kaifan
Published: June 2022

Suppressing the interference of atmospheric turbulence and obtaining observation data with a high spatial resolution are an issue to be solved urgently for ground observations. One way to solve this problem is to perform a statistical reconstruction of short-exposure speckle images. Combining the rapidity of Shift-Add and the accuracy of speckle masking, this paper proposes a novel reconstruction algorithm-NASIR (Non-rigid Alignment based Solar Image Reconstruction). NASIR reconstructs the phase of the object image at each frequency by building a computational model between geometric distortion and intensity distribution and reconstructs the modulus of the object image on the aligned speckle images by speckle interferometry. We analyzed the performance of NASIR by using the correlation coefficient, power spectrum, and coefficient of variation of intensity profile in processing data obtained by the NVST (1 m New Vacuum Solar Telescope). The reconstruction experiments and analysis results show that the quality of images reconstructed by NASIR is close to speckle masking when the seeing is good, while NASIR has excellent robustness when the seeing condition becomes worse. Furthermore, NASIR reconstructs the entire field of view in parallel in one go, without phase recursion and block-by-block reconstruction, so its computation time is less than half that of speckle masking. Therefore, we consider NASIR is a robust and high-quality fast reconstruction method that can serve as an effective tool for data filtering and quick look.
Using capillarimetry to assess the tortuosity of reservoir rocks
Authors: Akhmetov R T , Malyarenko A M , Kuleshova L S , Mukhametshin V V , Safiullina A R
Published: June 2022

The use of a dumbbell void model is adequate for quantifying hydraulic tortuosity from reservoir parameters. The dumbbell model of the void space involves the alternation of filtering channels of the rock with pores (macrocapillaries) and interporeal constrictions (microcapillaries). Hydraulic tortuosity is physically explained by the expansion of the flow lines of the filtration flow in the pores and contraction in the interporeal tubules. Residual water is confined mainly to clay particles that line the pore channels. Since the residual water is immobile, it leads to a narrowing of the open area of the pores and, consequently, to a specific decrease in hydraulic tortuosity.
Pulsator for cleaning from asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits
Authors: Zaripova L M , Gabdrakhimov M S
Published: June 2022

One of the factors that reduce labor productivity in the oil industry is the paraffinization of downhole equipment, oilfield pipes, pumps, oil collection and treatment equipment. The preventing paraffinization issue of field equipment is becoming increasingly essential. Complications caused by paraffin deposits lead to disruption of the normal operation of pumping units, metering devices, water separators, and reservoirs.
Digital filtering based on fast theoretical and numerical transformations for 5G systems
Authors: Kalmykov I A , Mukhametshin V Sh , Tyncherov K T , Selivanova M V
Published: June 2022

Currently, a trend to increase the performance of wireless data transmission systems can be observed. This requires a new protocol for mobile communications. The draft IMT-2020 standard involves the use of promising 5G mobile networks. These systems must have characteristics that will exceed 4G standards. New technologies will provide a higher data rate and minimal network delays, which should not exceed 1 ms. To achieve these goals, the 5G standard involves the broadband transmission using FBMC (Filter Bank MultiCarrier) or UFMC (Universal Filtered MultiCarrier). Studies have shown that the UFMC method allows for better subcarrier filtration compared to FBMC comb filtration. However, the use of this method requires high computational costs, which negatively affects the speed of information transfer and network delays. Therefore, the aim of the article is to reduce network delays when using the technology of filtering UFMC signals by using a fast algorithm for performing theoretical and numerical transformations (TNT). Therefore, the development of a fast algorithm for performing theoretical and numerical signal transformations for OFDM systems that support the 5G standard is an urgent task
Comparative analysis of algorithms for estimating traffic parameters in corporate multiservice communication networks
Authors: Ageev S A , Ageeva N S , Grachev A S , Karetnikov V V
Published: June 2022

Adequate management of modern corporate communication networks is possible if many control procedures function in near real time. In this case, the processed network monitoring data must have accurate characteristics sufficient for making objective management decisions. This fully applies to the data monitoring of network traffic parameters, which determines the relevance of the proposed work. The proposed in the paper algorithm for on-line estimation of traffic parameters in corporate multiservice communication networks is based on the concept of conditional nonlinear Pareto-optimal filtering V. C. Pugachev. Its essence is that the estimation of traffic parameters is performed in two stages - in the first stage, we evaluate the forecast values of parameters, and in the second, with the next observations of random sequences, we make adjustments to their values. Traffic parameter values forecasts are constructed in a small-sized sliding window, and the adjustment is implemented on the basis of pseudo-gradient procedures whose parameters are adjusted using a fuzzy control algorithm based on the Takagi-Sugeno method. The proposed algorithm belongs to the class of adaptive algorithms with prior learning. The maximum value of the average relative error of estimation of traffic parameters was less than 8.2%, which is a sufficient value for the implementation of operational network management tasks. At the same time, the actual scientific and technical task is to analyze the comparison of the characteristics of the developed adaptive algorithm with the characteristics of the optimal algorithms, the characteristics of which are the maximum achievable. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version). The results of a comparison of the proposed method with the optimal Coleman filtration (OKF) are presented.
Low frequency hydraulic hammer for wave action of injection wells
Authors: Zaripova L M , Gabdrakhimov M S
Published: June 2022

The deposition of salts, iron sulfide, precipitating from solutions as a result of disturbance of thermodynamic equilibrium, occurs during operation in the near-wellbore zone (NWBZ). Efficiency of field development, production rates of operating wells, injectivity of wells and the fraction of reservoir energy that can be used to lift fluid directly in the well significantly depends on the state of the bottom well formation zone (BWFZ). It is required to implement measures to influence NWBZ in order to reduce filtration resistance, to increase permeability, improve connectivity with the wellbore, and increase the system of fractures or channels to facilitate inflow and reduce energy losses in this limited formation area. The structural diagram and dynamics of the vibrator are revealed in the paper to accomplish the given tasks.
Evaluation of the degree of abrasive particles activity in oil of machine units involved in the wear process of toothed wheels
Authors: Irgashev A , Irgashev B A , Aliyorov A B
Published: June 2022

This article discusses the regularities of changes in the activity of abrasive particles in the oil of machine units participating in the process of gear-wheel wear at constant and increasing concentrations. They vary depending on the number of loading cycles of gear teeth, considering the share of crushed abrasive particles in one loading cycle of the gear teeth. This makes it possible to obtain regularities in the change of concentrations of active abrasive particles in the oil depending on the gear modules and the number of loading cycles, taking into the account the fraction of crushed abrasive particles per cycle of loading the gear. This technique can be used to determine the duration of the test of the gear wheel material on samples at a constant total concentration of abrasive particles in the oil change for the units of machines with gear drives operating in the presence of abrasive particles in the working environment. The case under consideration corresponds to the operating conditions of the gear transmission in the unit, which allows calculating the oil change period in the units of machines operating in an abrasive environment.
Simulating cable tension in robotic systems for various conditions of upper and lower extremity rehabilitation
Authors: Perevuznik V S , Cherednikov I I , Malyshev D I
Published: June 2022

The paper discusses an optimized model of rehabilitation systems based on a cable-actuated robot designed for rehabilitation of patients with impaired motor function of upper and lower limbs. Tensile strength and cable lengths depending on joint angles are calculated to determine optimal positions of coils, with due account of the effects elasticity and gravity forces produce during rehabilitation. Based on the calculations, the positions of cable-driven actuators are determined such that the cables do not touch the patient’s body and the optimal forces of the actuators are ensured.
Technological methods to improve wear resistance of porous, sintered materials based on iron powder for antifriction purposes
Authors: Yunuskhodjaev S T
Published: June 2022

Technological methods of increasing wear resistance of porous, sintered materials based on iron powder for friction pairs of sliding of various agricultural machines are offered. The results of the research carried out with the aim of developing iron-based material compositions for sintered products of mass parts of sliding bearings, shaft supports of drawing devices, gears and others are given.
Modern methods for diagnosing electric circuits of electric trains
Authors: Babkov A P , Malozyomov B V , Dagaev R R
Published: June 2022

The article describes the field of application of these diagnostic methods. Much attention is given to the classification of methods for diagnosing electrical circuits, the assessment, and quality of diagnostic systems, as well as the improvement of diagnostic methods for electrical circuits of electric trains.
Reliability assessment of main gas pipelines
Authors: Abduev M Kh , Malozyomov B V , Vlasov O A
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to assessing and predicting the reliability of gas compressor stations and pipelines. The issues of equipment safety are discussed, which is also reflected in the linear control of main gas pipelines, which involves ensuring comprehensive and constant monitoring of the operating parameters of the system. It is shown that technically similar tasks are implemented with the help of automatic equipment, which is equipped with control rooms and compressor stations.