bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detailed Guide to Citing Bibliographic References
Authors: Crandell Otis
Published: November 2017

Authors are recommended to use a citation software while writing papers for submission to JLS. If you prefer to edit references manually, please consult this guide.
Event review: Center for American Archeology Flintknapping Workshop with Tim Dillard, Kampsville, Illinois, U.S.A.
Authors: Binning Jeanne Day
Published: November 2017

Center for American Archeology Flintknapping Workshop with Tim Dillard, Kampsville, Illinois, USA. May 2014.
The silica road: Field trip notes
Authors: Soto María , Gómez de Soler Bruno
Published: November 2017

During the 10th International Symposium on Knappable Materials (ISKM) held at Barcelona (Spain) in 2015, a field trip along “The Silica Road” was organized. It included the visit to different chert outcrops located along the Montsant Massif (Tarragona, NE Iberian Peninsula), and to the Middle Palaeolithic site of the Abric Romaní (Capellades, Barcelona), as important locations for the Prehistory of the North East of the Iberian Peninsula.This paper present some keynotes distributed to the symposium attendants. It consists on: 1) a brief geological framework of the Montsant Massif, located at the southern margin of the Catalan Central Depression. It includes the definition of their Palaeozoic to Cenozoic depositional sequence and the localization of some points of interests with panoramic views and source areas where Tertiary chert nodules were available. They represent a significant focus for the raw materials procurement of several Paleolithic occupations since Lower Pleistocene. 2) A general presentation of the Middle Palaeolithic site of the Abric Romaní site, including a brief reference of the three research phases initiated at the beginning of 20th Century, the description of its 50 meters stratigraphic sequence, where 27 archaeological levels have been identified dating since 110 to 39 ka BP, and some of the main traits of the archaeological assemblages recovered.
Sobre a narrativa rizomática de António Lobo Antunes
Authors: Oliveira Raquel Trentin
Published: November 2017

O presente artigo debruça-se sobre um romance de António Lobo Antunes, Que cavalos são aqueles que fazem sombra no mar? (2009), no intuito de perceber até onde tem ido sua experimentação romanesca, capaz de desmontar, definitivamente, a estrutura da narrativa tradicional e abalar os protocolos de leitura convencionais. Para tanto, parte das discussões teóricas de Umberto Eco sobre “obra aberta” e “obra em movimento”, de Roland Barthes sobre “texto de fruição” e de Deleuze e Guattari sobre “livro rizoma”. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2017n19a425
Uma "ética do si" no romance-crônica-diário-conto Ana de Amsterdam, por Ana Cássia Rebelo
Authors: Coelho Lilian Reichert
Published: November 2017

Apresenta-se uma leitura das relações entre a diversidade de gêneros angariados pela escritora luso-goense-moçambicana Ana Cássia Rebelo no livro Ana de Amsterdam e os temas abordados a partir de balizas teóricas como Agamben, Gumbrecht e Barthes. Metodologicamente, adotou-se a perspectiva indutiva. Conceitualmente, a leitura aqui exposta do livro foi conduzida pelas noções de “ética de si”, produção da presença e biografema. Do percurso, conclui-se que o tédio desacompanhado da angústia produzido pelo mundo contemporâneo incide sobre a narradora de modo tal que a obriga a tomar posição e expor sua intimidade de modo obsceno, construindo o “si” no mosaico formal e temático, derivado da relação entre o corpo como materialidade e a experiência subjetiva de leitura e escrita. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2017n19a426
Apresentação
Authors: De Oliveira Maria Lúcia Wiltshire , Amorim Claudia Maria De Souza
Published: November 2017

Apresentação à Abril 19. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2017n19a485
Modern Arts of Governing the Use of Pesticides in Malaysia
Authors: Triantafillou Peter
Published: November 2017

This article presents an analysis of contemporary struggles over the use of

pesticides in Malaysian agriculture. Drawing on Michel Foucault's

genealogical analyses of power/knowledge relations in modem societies in

general, and governmental rationalities evolving around the management of

populations (bio-power) in particular, the article presents three main

arguments. First, in order to tell the truth about pesticide poisoning one had

to resort to medical and toxicological discourses which proved to be

important for validating and invalidating claims made on the poisonous

effects of pesticides. The possible modalities by which the use of pesticides

could be contested were, in effect, technicalized and importantly restricted.

Second, the attempts to govern and contest the use of pesticides on the

grounds that it presented a threat to public health had as an important

precondition the recasting of development discourse in Malaya between

1945 and 1955. The associated transformation of public health policies,

which implied that the promotion of the population's health standard

became a domain for regulatory intervention, at one and the same time

created a possibility to regulate and protest over the use of pesticides. Third

and finally, contestation over the use of pesticides, on the basis that it

presented a threat to public health, tended to be reduced to a conflict over

the effectiveness and implementation of regulatory techniques.
Malaysian Women in the Modern Era
Authors: Ariffin Rohana
Published: November 2017

This article attempts to examine the position of the Malaysian women in the

present context of capitalist development and fast rate of industrialization in

Malaysia, and raises the question, 'Does a common notion of the modem

Malaysian woman exist?'

The first part examines critically the lack of women's representation in all

institutions of society. The lack of representation especially at the important

decision-making levels has disadvantaged the majority of women.

The second part proposes that women are also disadvantaged in the

domestic sphere, where the main tasks and responsibilities are borne by

women irrespective of class, although some variation naturally exists

between these women.

The third part then looks at the roles and achievements of women's

NGOs. They have succeeded in bringing about new laws (e.g. the Domestic

Violence Act) and amendments to others (e.g. the rape laws). There appears,

in fact, to be a closer partnership between the government and women's

NGOs over women's issues. Furthermore, they have brought much-needed

services for female victims of violence, and have educated the public on

women's issues.

The last part discusses the modem capitalist, consumerist and religious

culture, which constructed the image and role of women. Conformity to the

dictates of such structures lends support to the philosophy of expediency

and acceptability for most Malay women.
Alternative Meanings of Political Reform in Contemporary Thailand
Authors: McCargo Duncan
Published: November 2017

This article argues that constitutionalism is a 'disease' that afflicts

Thailand's body politic, reflecting intense contestation

among rival elite power-holders. The recent debates concerning

political reform in Thailand (which culminated in the promulgation

of the 1997 constitution) illustrate this contestation

vividly. The vague, positive-sounding term 'political reform'

actually means many different things to different people: it is a

highly contested concept which has been used to legitimate a

variety of political agendas, ranging from progressive ideas, to

deeply conservative and even anti-democratic sentiments. The

resulting constitution is an excessively long and deeply unsatisfactory

document. Nevertheless, it may contain certain details

that offer opportunities for the future opening-up of greater

political space.
The Rise of Industrial East Asia: The Role of Confucian Values
Authors: Wei-ming Tu
Published: November 2017

The study of East Asia as an intriguing Problematik in the field of economic development and as a methodological challenge in comparative politics has fascinated academicians in North America and in Western Europe for a whole generation. Only recently has it become a major concern of policy makers and the general public in the so-called First World. Ironically, as government officials and the mass media begin to show great interest in the rise of industrial East Asia, cautious academicians feel compelled to make more differentiated observations about the region. As a result, the public demand for broad generalizations is often met with considerable qualifications from the academic community. Indeed, scholarly efforts have been made to show that the whole concept, "Industrial East Asia," may be inadvisable, that Japan is an anomaly on the world economic stage and that the rise of these states as the most dynamic region in international trade has very little to do with shared cultural orientations.

As a student of East Asian culture, I am excited that interpreting East Asia in the light of conceptual resources learned from the West, originally the professional goal of a small coterie of like-minded researchers, is now shared by a widening network of concerned citizens of the world. I am also grateful that fascination with Japan and the Four "Mini-Dragons" has progressed from exclusively economic and political analyses to include social studies and cultural appreciation. I use the word "progressed" advisedly. Even though I emphasize the vital importance of culture in our understanding of East Asia, I am fully cognizant of factors such as international trade, the geopolitical situation and the institutional sector in formulating an explanation for the rise of industrial East Asia.
Recent Institutional Reforms in the Foreign Trade System of the People's Republic of China: Some Current Issues
Authors: Thelle Hatla
Published: November 2017

An important part of China's comprehensive reform programme in the last ten years has been the reform of the economic, institutional and legal framework of foreign economic relations and trade. 'The Open Door Policy' is the second part of the overall slogan of the current period of Chinese history, calling for 'Economic Reform and Opening to the Outside World,' and is an integral part of China's new development strategy.
A Survey of Confucius Studies in China Today
Authors: Qiqian Li
Published: November 2017

In late 1986 I wrote a paper with the same title,' summarizing the

situation of Confucius studies between 1979 and 1986. In the past

three years great changes have taken place so I have updated the

information in order to provide an overall and systematic understanding of the situation in the field.
State, Institutions and Industrial Development in East Asian NIC's
Authors: Lauridsen Laurids S.
Published: November 2017

During the last two decades, we have seen a wave of literature on the East Asian Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs). The majority of this literature is oriented towards the superior industrial performance of the East Asian NICs compared with other developing countries. In addressing this issue, the present article focusses on analytical and theoretical issues. It largely leaves out the empirical evidence and is more concerned with questions than answers. The answers that are given try to encapsulate what we already (think we) know, while the questions, hopefully, point out some of the areas where we ought to focus our future research in order to get a better understanding of the East Asian capitalist "miracles". The paper will not cover all possible types and levels of explanation but will concentrate on such factors as political and societal institutions. In the last section, however, a broader variety of determinants, including the external determinants, are discussed.
Departementalitet eller guvernementalitet – organisationers og organisationsteoriers historiske sociologi
Authors: Harste Gorm
Published: November 2017

Artiklen undersøger de selvbeskrivelser, der er blevet fremsat i forsøgene på at organisere organisation lige siden 1000-tallet. Moderne organisationsforståelse er opstået gennem hundreder af år. Koder for organisatorisk kommunikation er blevet sammensat, udviklet og raffineret eksempelvis i konflikter om centralisering eller decentralisering i korpsånd og i bureaukrati. I tolkningen heraf anvendes Niklas Luhmanns begrebsdannelse, der udviser en anden tilgang til organisationshistorie og organisationssociologi, end den, der kendes fra Weber og Foucault.

Søgeord: Organisationssociologi, Foucault, Luhmann, historisk sociologi.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Gorm Harste: Departmentality or Governmentality – the Historical Sociology of Organisations and Organisation Theory

History of organisations probably goes back to the 11th century. The long story of their development has been told by Max Weber and Michel Foucault. However Foucault did not elaborate a general organisational sociology and Weber’s story created a somewhat incomprehensible disordered complexity. Hence traditional organisational analyses trace organisation theory back a hundred years – to Weber and a few others. The present story about departmentality derives its conceptual framework not within governing or steering
as Foucault does, but in the problem of delegation. The concept and theories of power were established in order to handle coordination at spatial distance. The aim of powerful concepts and theories of organisation was to establish
communication in forms of simultaneous cooperation between distant operations. The article establishes this temporal conception in a historical sociology of organisation using Niklas Luhmann’s system theory. Power only empowers
if centralised power is able to decentralise and abstain from forced control in favour of the activity of parts departed and detached from the whole. The parts and the members of the organ got their identity fi rst described in a conception of ”corpus spiritus”, later called ”esprit de corps” and then ”corporate spirit”. The article analyses these semantics and their developments.

Key words: Luhmann, Foucault, history of organizations, historical sociology, governmentality, department.
Rigtige og forkerte familierelationer. Om sociale konstruktioner af genealogien
Authors: Heide Ottosen Mai
Published: November 2017

Artiklen bidrager til en familiesociologisk diskussion om, hvordan natur og kultur spiller sammen i forståelsen af de senmoderne familierelationer. På baggrund af et empirisk udvalg af 44 familieberetninger, indsamlet blandt midaldrende danske informanter, udforsker artiklen, hvordan individer inkluderes eller ekskluderes som familiemedlemmer. Gennem beretningens linser fokuserer analysen på, hvordan familier før og nu har håndteret kritiske begivenheder som uægte børn, skilsmissefamilierelationer, genforening af adoptivbørn og konstruktioner af genealogier. Inden for et tidsrum på 50 år identificerer analysen tre skift i opfattelsen af ”rigtige familiebånd”: Omkring 1950 refererer ”rigtig” til normativ konformitet, omkring 1975 er den rigtige familierelation den autentiske, mens ”rigtig” omkring år 2000 konnoterer til videnskabelig sandhed. Selv om disse forståelser af ”rigtige familiebånd” på nogle punkter synes at have afløst hinanden successivt, var de alligevel samtidigt til stede, da dataindsamlingen fandt sted.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:

Mai Heide Ottosen: Correct and Incorrect Family Relations. On Social Constructions of Genealogy

This article aims to contribute to the academic debate within the field of family and kinship studies that discusses how nature and culture interplay in the perceived constitution of (late) modern family relationships. Based on a sample of 44 case histories of families gathered from middle-aged Danes, the article explores how individuals are included or excluded as family members. Using the narratives, the analysis focuses on how families have handled critical events such as illegitimate children, post-divorce relationships, adoption reunions and constructions of genealogies, both in the present and the past. The article identifies three shifts in the perception of what “proper family ties” mean over a span of 50 years. In 1950 “proper” refers to normative conformity; in 1975 the proper family relationship was what is authentic; while in 2000 “proper” connotes scientific truth. Although these understandings appear to have succeeded each other, they are all still alive today.

Key words: Family, kinship, family law, biographical methods.
Definitioner og målinger af social eksklusion – En kritisk begrebsmæssig og metodologisk gennemgang
Authors: Kronborg Bak Carsten
Published: November 2017

Fattigdom og ulighed har længe været de dominerende kategorier til at beskrive
befolkningens levevilkår og afspejler stadigvæk væsentlige problemer
i det danske samfund, selvom fattigdomsrisikoen i Danmark er lav sammenlignet
med andre europæiske lande. I løbet af 1990’erne har social eksklusion
som ”nyt” begreb imidlertid på mange måder overtaget opmærksomheden
fra fattigdom. Artiklen rejser spørgsmålet om hvad det er social eksklusion
kan bidrage med som begreb og på hvilken måde det adskiller sig fra andre
centrale begreber som fattigdom og social kapital.
Det overordnede formål med artiklen er, at bidrage med en bred oversigtsgennemgang
af en række centrale videnskabelige definitioner. Herudover
inddrages udvalgte kvantitative og kvalitative studier af social eksklusion for
at problematisere manglen på empiriske studier af social eksklusion, hvor der
anvendes direkte mål for social eksklusion. Det resulterer alt for ofte i, at der
kan stilles spørgsmålstegn ved hvorvidt det er social eksklusion eller andre
relaterede begreber der ”måles” i forskellige empiriske studier.
Mental sundhed anvendes i diskussionen af ”målinger” af social eksklusion
som kritisk case for at pege på mangler i eksisterende empiriske studier
og for at nuancere diskussionen med viden fra kvalitative studier af årsagsprocesser
bag social eksklusion.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:

Carsten Kronborg Bak: Definitions and Measurements of Social Exclusion. A Critical, Conceptual and Methodological Review

Poverty and inequality have long been key categories in the description of people’s living conditions. Poverty and inequality are still significant problems in Danish society, even though the risk of poverty in Denmark is low when compared to other European countries. During the 1990s, the concept of social exclusion arose and took attention away from poverty. This article analyses the potential contribution of this concept (social exclusion) and how it differs from other concepts such as poverty and social capital. The main purpose of this article is to analyze some of the main definitions of these concepts. In addition, it examines the lack of empirical studies that measure social exclusion and measurements problems in its analysis. The article indicates that there can be questions as to what is being measured in empirical studies, is it social exclusion or another term. Mental health studies are used in the discussion of social exclusion as a critical case to identify gaps in existing empirical studies and to nuance the discussion of knowledge from qualitative studies of the causal processes behind social exclusion.

Key words: Social exclusion, definitions, operationalisation, mental health, stigma.
Fattigdom blandt børn født i 1995
Authors: Ottosen Mai Heide , Skov Peter Rohde
Published: November 2017

Med udgangspunkt i forskning om child well-being undersøger artiklen, hvilke implikationer det har for fænomenet børnefattigdom, når man anvender forskellige målingsinstrumenter til at afgrænse den del af børnepopulationen, som har en opvækst med utilstrækkelige materielle ressourcer. Analysen fokuserer på tre dimensioner: 1) Andelen af fattige (større) børn, 2) betydninger ved at være et fattigt barn og 3) årsager til, at børn lever i fattigdom. Med register- og survey-data fra Forløbsundersøgelsen af børn født i 1995, der var 15 år i 2011, viser analysen, at andelen af fattige børn er 3-7 pct., og at andelen af fattige børn er øget gennem denne kohortes opvækst. Om sammenhænge mellem fattigdom og centrale områder af hverdagslivet indikerer analysen, at fattige 15-årige hyppigere er udsatte og ledes ud på et spor, der kan føre til marginalisering ikke kun aktuelt, men også på lang sigt. Artiklen peger på, at de anvendte instrumenter til at måle fattigdom gør en forskel, idet en survey-baseret metode, der direkte spørger til familiernes økonomiske råderum, forekommer at være mest sensitiv i forhold til at indfange forskelle i børns levevilkår i hverdagen.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:

Mai Heide Ottosen and Peter Rohde Skov: Poverty among Children Born in 1995

This article examines the implications of different measures of poverty for defining and understanding child poverty. It is based on recent research on child wellbeing. The analysis focuses on three dimensions of child poverty: the proportion of poor children, implications of being a poor child, and the explanations why children are living in poverty. Using register and survey data from the Danish Longitudinal study of the 1995-cohort (aged 15 in 2011) the analysis estimates the proportion of poor children to be 3-7 per cent; however the proportion of poor children has increased during the childhood of this cohort. With regard to the links between poverty and key areas of everyday life, the analysis suggests that poor children tend to be more socially vulnerable than their non-poor peers. Some of them may be at risk of social marginalization not only at present, but also in the future. The article suggests that different measures of poverty may lead to different insights. Thus, survey-based methods that directly ask families about their financial scope and deprivation appear to be the most sensitive to capture differences in children’s everyday lives.

Key words: Child poverty, Danish Longitudinal Study, everyday life.
Fattigdom og overlevelsesstrategier
Authors: Ejrnæs Morten , Larsen Jørgen Elm , Müller Maja
Published: November 2017

Reduktionen af sociale ydelser til de i forvejen dårligst stillede i Danmark i perioden 2002 til 2011 bevirkede, at mange mennesker uventet blev kastet ud i dyb fattigdom. Individer og familier måtte planlægge og udvikle strategier for, hvordan den pludselig opståede mangelsituation skulle håndteres. I forskningsprojektet ”Konsekvenser af at have de laveste sociale ydelser som forsørgelsesgrundlag” har vi ud over at undersøge modtagernes økonomiske situation og afsavn sat fokus på, hvorledes de ramte familier og enkeltindivider reagerede på den nedsatte ydelse, og hvorledes de håndterede den nye situation, som på én gang var præget af økonomisk knaphed, afsavn og arbejdsløshed og altså skabte krise i familien. Vores studie kan betragtes som et casestudie, der omhandler coping med den særlige situation, som indførelsen af de laveste ydelser medførte. Vi skitserer indledningsvist et begrebsapparat, der kan tydeliggøre, at de fattige blev udsat for et ensartet strukturelt pres, men at de både reflekterede over deres unikke situation og handlede forskelligt. Dernæst behandler vi copingstrategier i forhold til at opnå arbejde, håndtere den trange økonomi og beskytte børnene mod virkningerne af fattigdom. Vi viser, hvorledes fattige individer og familier gennem problemfokuseret og følelsesfokuseret coping samt refleksioner over deres vanskeligheder håndterede arbejdsløshed og afsavn.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:

Morten Ejrnæs, Jørgen Elm Larsen and Maja Müller: Poverty and Survival Strategies

The reduction of social assistance benefits from 2002 to 2011 for those who were already among the worst off in Danish society meant that many people were unexpectedly thrown into deep poverty. Due to this new situation many individuals and families had to plan and develop strategies to deal with this sudden deprivation. In the research project “Consequences of having the lowest social assistance benefits as basis of existence”, we focused on both the recipients’ economic situation and deprivation and on how they acted and reacted to this new situation of economic scarcity, deprivation and unemployment. In this article we show that the poor were all exposed to the same type of structural pressure and were experiencing poverty and deprivation, but reflected on their unique situation and coped with it in different ways. We focus on coping strategies in relation to getting work, dealing with economy, deprivations in everyday life, and finally how parents tried to protect their children against the consequences of poverty in the family. We illustrate how poor individuals and families used both problem focused and emotional focused coping to deal with unemployment and deprivation.

Key words: Coping, poverty, job search, everyday life.
Det utilstrækkelige subjekt – En foucauldiansk analyse af selvhjælpslitterær selvstyring
Authors: Mygind du Plessis Erik
Published: November 2017

Denne artikel undersøger, hvordan bestemte personlighedstræk søges problematiseret og kultiveret i moderne selvhjælpslitteratur. Undersøgelsen, som har et særligt fokus på autonomi, trækker teoretisk på Michel Foucaults begreb problematisering samt Foucaults tanker om governmentality og selvstyring. Artiklen kombinerer disse analytiske perspektiver i et forsøg på at vise, hvordan det autonome subjekt forsøges kultiveret på trods af det paradoks der indtræder, når kultiveringen sker gennem subjektets underkasten sig litteraturens anvisninger. Det konkluderes i artiklen, at problemer i selvhjælpslitteraturen generelt formuleres som forskellige typer mangler, der som løsning indebærer konstant udvikling hen mod et mål om selvrealisering, som aldrig helt kan opnås. Subjektet subjektiveres dermed som et ufærdigt projekt, der aldrig er helt godt nok, og som altid har brug for forbedring. Dette gælder også for autonomi som problem, og i artiklens anden halvdel vises det, hvordan den allestedsnærværende ufuldendthed ved subjektet manifesterer sig i paradokset, hvor subjektet bør være selvstændigt, autonomt og handle ud fra sin egne overbevisninger, men samtidig udleder denne evne til at handle autonomt fra de samme autoriteter, som det bør være autonomt fra.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:

Erik Mygind du Plessis: The Inadequate Subject: Self-Help Literature and the Government of the Self – a Foucauldian Analysis

This article investigates how current self-help literature seeks to problematize and cultivate certain personality traits. The study emphasizes individual autonomy, and is based on an analytical framework employing Michel Foucault’s concept of problematization and his insights into power and governmentality – particularly those concerned with the various ways in which subjects govern themselves. The article combines these two analytical perspectives in an attempt to show how the objective of creating autonomous subjects is carried out in this literature, despite the paradoxical nature of doing so through the readers’ subjection to self-help instructions. The analysis concludes that the problems taken up in the self-help literature are generally formulated in terms of various forms of incompleteness. This entails a constant and never ending development towards, as a final objective, a self-realization, which can never quite be achieved. Thus the subject is construed as an unfinished project that is never quite good enough, always requiring improvement. The second part of the article analyses how this ubiquitous incompleteness of the subject manifests itself through the paradox of creating autonomy through subjection.

Key words: Foucault, problematization, self-help, autonomy.
Tyrkiske skilsmisser i Danmark
Authors: Liversage Anika
Published: November 2017

I Danmark ender ægteskaber langt oftere i skilsmisse, end ægteskaber i Tyrkiet gør. På baggrund af registerdataanalyser viser denne artikel, at skilsmisser blandt indvandrere og efterkommere fra Tyrkiet er blevet stadigt hyppigere gennem de sidste tre årtier, hvor niveauet er steget fra det lave tyrkiske til det højere danske niveau. Interviews med fraskilte tyrkiske mænd og kvinder i Danmark såvel som i Tyrkiet viser, at denne stigning blandt andet kan tilskrives ændrede magtforhold imellem kønnene. Her giver danske samfundsstrukturer som adgang til lønarbejde, uddannelse og sociale ydelser kvinderne bedre muligheder for at forlade dårlige ægteskaber, uanset at der ofte er modstand herimod i familier og netværk. Andre skilsmisser udspringer af generationelle konflikter over partnervalg og over, hvordan ægteskaber overhovedet bør etableres. Endelig har også mulighederne for, at familiesammenførte ægtefæller kan opnå egen opholdstilladelse, betydning i nogle skilsmisser. Her ses, at nogle herboende ægtefæller benytter sig af muligheden for simpelthen at skaffer sig af med uønskede partnere ved at få dem sendt tilbage til Tyrkiet. Samlet set dokumenterer artiklen, at migrationens voldsomme forandringer også slår igennem som spændinger over, hvad ægteskaber bør og ikke bør være, hvornår de kan opløses og af hvem.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:

Anika Liversage: Turkish Divorces in Denmark

Divorce is more frequent in Denmark than in Turkey. This article analyses register data from the Danish divorce registers to show that the divorce rate among Turkish immigrants and their descendants in Denmark has increased from the low Turkish to the higher Danish level during the last three decades. Based on interviews with divorced Turkish men and women living in Denmark and Turkey, the article argues that one reason for this increase in divorce is that access to waged work, education and social support in Denmark gives Turkish women better possibilities for leaving bad marriages, despite social pressures against doing so. Some divorces spring from generation conflicts about how marriages are to be formed in the first place. Some divorces are instigated by a migrant spouse’s inability to obtain a residence permit in Denmark, a situation of unequal power relations that enables the partners living in Denmark to simply dispose of such spouses by having them sent back to Turkey. The article shows that the upheavals of migration are mirrored in tensions over what marriages should and should not be, when they can be ended, and by whom in the Turkish immigrant group.

Key words: Divorce, Turkish immigrants, migration, gender, transnational social spaces.
Currency depreciation and output nexus: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad , Ghani Ejaz
Published: November 2017

Currency depreciation as a channel of output management has been a hot and controversial topic in both developed and developing economies. In Pakistan?s case, relevant research would require study of annual data available for the period 1972 to 2010. The stationarity of variables under consideration at different orders require the application of the bounds testing approach to cointegration. The findings based on open economy IS-LM framework induce a negative effect of currency depreciation on output levels. This is consistent with the long-run estimates of the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model. The short-run estimates of error-correction model (ECM) may lead to significant increment in output levels because of the depreciation of Pakistan rupee. Government spending may cause to reduce the output in the short-run, as well as, in long-run which furnishes strong support to crowding out hypothesis. The terms of trade, positive in the short-run, are negatively related to output in the long-run. However, surprise money has been insignificant in both long-run and short-run ECM. The country would need a clear long-term policy regime that inspires trust of the international community and restores the exporters? confidence.
The Relationship Between the SST of the Surface Mediterranean and the Temperature/Precipitation of Middle East Using Empirical Orthogonal Function For the Period (1980-2009)
Authors: Khalaf Monim H.
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study is to identify the variations of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) of the Mediterranean Sea and the variations of air surface temperature and to total precipitation over the Middle East. In order to find the possible correlation between SST and air surface temperature at 2 m (T2m)/total precipitation (TP) by using weather prediction tool, such as the spatial analysis by employing Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). The results show that the percentage of spatial variation of EOF1 for SST and T2m was 97% and 95% of total variance respectively, that indicate to have possible relationship between them while the spatial variance of TP record the lowest value in the period of study (1980-2009).
Studying The Expression of Human P53 Gene in Patients Carrying Breast Cancer.
Authors: Edan Dawood S.
Published: November 2017

The gene P53 can activate DNA repair proteins when DNA has sustained damage. So, it is an important factor in aging. Also, P53 gene can also be modified by mutagens (chemicals, radiation, or viruses), increasing the likelihood for uncontrolled cell division. For this importance, we collected thirty samples from Yarmouk hospital in Baghdad, Iraq.

Twenty-nine from women patients carrying breast cancer and the last one was from healthy woman, and the samples that we have taken were embedded in paraffin wax. The extracted RNA from each samples was used to check the expression of a suppressor gene (P53) via Real time PCR. We designed primers of P53 gene on encoded sequence (Exon), to make sure generation a specific PCR product of P53 gene by converting mRNA to cDNA then PCR Product. The expression of each samples was fluctuated between 0.1 fold to 0.2 fold compared with the control (the healthy sample). The highest expression showed was samples 7 (0.2 fold), and the lowest expression showed was samples 27 (0.1 fold) that compared with control expression (sample 19). While the control expression was the highest (0.25 fold) among all samples.

The results indicate that tumor may affects on a suppressor gene (P53) and can decrease the gene expression, and eventually can decrease the P53 suppressor protein that can be used it in the cell protection against cancer.
Seasonal Variation of SST in Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Khalaf Monim H.
Published: November 2017

The study of sea surface temperature (SST) is fairly essential for solving many meteorological

and oceanographic problem and climate system of the earth. The aim of this study is to explore

the variation of SST of Mediterranean Sea during the period (1980-2009) by using statistical

analysis technique such as time series and trend. The data obtained from the Europe center

(ECMWF) and the resolution of the grid of the variable is 0.5°*0.5° and selects three locations

(points) in the Mediterranean Sea. The seasonal variation of SST has the highest value of trend in

summer season (0.06) for the points I, II, III, while the lowest value in the transition season, i.e. in

spring (0.01) for point I and III and in Autumn (0.04) for point III.
Detection of blaCTX-M gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from water samples in Baghdad
Authors: Khdair Saba R.
Published: November 2017

A total of 50 environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from sewage and tap water in Baghdad, Iraq. The MICs of Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime were determined by using agar dilution method, The MIC ranged from 2 to 256 µg/ml.The results of antibiotic sensitivity test showed that among sewage P. aeruginosa isolates, resistance was observed most often to Ticarcillin (92%), Penicillin G (84%), Ceftazidime (12%), (8%) for each of Cefotaxime and Ticarcillin. On the other hand, all tap water isolates were sensitive to Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin, Except (5%) of isolates were resistant to Cefotaxime (25%) to Ceftazidime and (95%) to Ticarcillin. All isolates were tested for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) production. Ten isolates (20%) were found to be ESBL producers. All environmental P. aeruginosa isolates were screened for the presence of the blaCTX-M genes by application PCR, Only (30%) of them were positive for this test.
Antimicrobial activity of Micrococcus luteus Cartenoid pigment
Authors: Majeed Huda Z.
Published: November 2017

Cartenoids are group of pigments, with enormous types different structurally and functionally, have colors range from red to yellow found in a wide variety of plants, fungi, algae and bacteria. The animals took from food because they cannot make it, on contrary, the plants and microbes produce them due to subjection to environment.

The aim of the study is to isolate and characterize the cartenoid pigment from Micrococcus luteus. The pigment extraction was done by acetone, and then was characterized with UltraViolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Then, it was tested for antibacterial activity against five different bacterial isolates and antifungal activity tests against six different fungal isolates by well diffusion method. The results found that, the extracted pigment having antibacterial activity and antifungal activity and having the ability to absorb UVA rays within the range of 300-500 nm. There was no significant difference in antimicrobial effect of pigment, even when the extraction and isolation were done by two culture mediums (Nutrient Broth and Luria Bertani Broth). There were considerable inhibition percentages of adhesion after subjection to Cartenoid pigment ranged between (5.71, 23.84) % for Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively and all the 11 isolate changed from Biofilm producer to non-producer.

The isolated compound can be used against different bacterial and fungal infections. So they had a great future in medicine, cosmetics and as a sun protecting agent.
On Prime and Semiprime Rings with Symmetric Generalized Biderivations
Authors: Mahmood Auday H. , Hussein Dheaa K. Hussain K.
Published: November 2017

The propose of this paper is to present some results concerning the symmetric generalized Biderivations when their traces satisfies some certain conditions on an ideal of prime and semiprime rings. We show that a semiprime ring R must have a nontrivial central ideal if it admits appropriate traces of symmetric generalized Biderivations, under similar hypothesis we prove commutativity in prime rings.
Existence and Stability of Solutions for Bilinear Control System with Rieman-Leovel Initial Condition
Authors: Hasan Sameer Q. , Hussein Fatima S.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we shall study the existence of a new class called fractional Caputo type of order sobolev type fractional order differential Equations motion in separable Banach spaces. The class of impulsive nonlinear fractional order bilinear control differential Equations with Riemann Leovel differential initial value studied and discussed also given the important results for the almost periodic mild solution to be sTable by using Menards function and granwal fractional inequality.
Certain Types of m-Compact Functions
Authors: Ezat Samaa M. , Jebur Haider
Published: November 2017

In this work we introduce some functions by using cocompact open sets and semi cocompact open sets in m-structure space namely, m-coc-continuous, m-coc*-continuous, m-coc**-continuous, m-coc-compact, m-s-coc-continuous, m-s-coc*-continuous, m-s-coc**-continuous functions the relationships between these concepts have been studied also we give some facts, examples and propositions to illustrate our results.
Electric Field Behavior with Current for Bipbsrcacuznxo Thin Film System
Authors: Shakouli Suzan M.
Published: November 2017

In this search the investigation of electric field behavior with current for BiPbSrCaCuZnxO film at (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1). Where observed two regions, first (linear region) field be constant nearly, and another region increase quickly.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI KREATIF BERBASIS TRI HITA KARANA DI DESA BINAAN ABANG BATU DINDING KECAMATAN KINTAMANI KABUPATEN BANGLI
Authors: Nurjaya I Gede , Tirtayani Luh Ayu , Suwena I Kadek Rai
Published: November 2017

Program Desa Binaan di Desa Abang Batu Dinding ini bertujuan 1) Meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia melalui pendidikan nilai karakter anak usia dini dan pelatihan keterampilan usaha mandiri. (2) Meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan potensi alam dan lingkungan memalui kegiatan pembudidayaan ikan mujair dan pertanian organik untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. (3) Mendorong tumbuhnya kreativitas, motivasi dan inovasi masyarakat dalam mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadapi melalui pelatihan pengembangan usaha ekonomi kreatif, seperti pengolahan ikan mujair pasca panen menjadi Abon Mujair, Krupuk Mujair, Bakso Mujair dan pengolahan hasil pertanian seperti bawang menjadi bawang goreng siap saji. (4) Meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat melalui penyuluhan untuk mendorong terwujudnya kemandirian dan kesejahteraan masyarakat dalam bidang sistem pemasaran hasil sumber daya alam yang ada di Desa Abang Batu Dinding Kecamatan Kintamani. Berdasarkan pada permasalahan prioritas yang ada, maka solusi yang ditawarkan melalui desa binaan ini menggunakan metode sebagai berikut : Partisipatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) yaitu suatu sistem untuk menyusun dan mengembangkan program operasional dalam pembangunan tingkat desa. Enthrepreneurship Capasity Building (ECB), metode ini berkaitan erat dengan kemampuan beriwirausahan dari masyarakat, Teknologi Tepat Guna (TTG), yaitu metode yang dirancang bagi suatu masyarakat tertentu agar dapat disesuaikan dengan aspek-aspek lingkungan, keetisan, kebudayaan, sosial, politik dan ekonomi masyarakat bersangkutan.
PELATIHAN SNI SO 17025: 2008 BAGI TENAGA LABORATORIUM
Authors: Gunamantha I Made , Yuninggrat Ni Wayan , Ayuni Ni Putu Sri
Published: November 2017

Laboratorium adalah penyedia jasa yang bergerak di bidang pengujian mutu wajib didukung oleh tenaga teknis yang kompeten. Tenaga Penguji Laboratorium memiliki salah satu tugas melayani masyarakat. Masyarakat menghendaki mutu hasil pengujian laboratorium terus ditingkatkan seiring dengan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Tenaga penguji laboratorium harus senantiasa mengembangkan diri dalam menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat akan adanya jaminan mutu terhadap hasil pengujian laboratorium dan tuntutan diberikan pelayanan prima. Seiring dengan perkembangan dan kemajuan dunia, tuntutan standardisasi mutu pelayanan laboratorium tidak dapat dielakkan lagi. Pada saat ini, SNI 17025:2008 merupakan sebuah standar yang sangat populer di kalangan praktisi laboratorium. SNI 17025:2008 adalah persyaratan kompetensi laboratorium. Namun demikian, masih banyak praktisi laboratorium yang kurang memahami SNI 17025:2008 karena terbatasnya kesempatan dan mahalnya biaya pelatihan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan pelatihan tentang pemahaman sistem manajemen mutu laboratorium SNI ISO 17025: 2008 bagi tenaga laboratorium pengujian. Hasil pelatihan ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan pemahama, wawasan, dan pengalaman peserta; membantu peserta untuk melakukan gap analisis antara kondisi yang ada di laboratoriumnya saat ini dengan tuntutan persyarata ISO 17025; dan melengkapi kompetensi peserta sebagai tenaga laboratorium pengujian.
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS BAGI GURU-GURU SD DI KEBENDESAAN MENGESTA
Authors: Mariawan I Made , Rapi Ni Ketut , Yasa Putu
Published: November 2017

Tujuan dari kegiatan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat (P2M) ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan para guru dalam menyusun dan mengimplementasikan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Kegiatan P2M ini melibatkan 32 orang guru SD dan Kepala sekolah di Kebendesaan Mengesta dalam bentuk pelatihan dan pendampingan. Dari 32 orang guru yang ikut pelatihan, dipilih 6 orang yang didampingi dalam mengimplementasikan PTK di sekolah masing-masing. Pelaksanaan kegiatannya, sebagai berikut: (1) Melaksanakan pelatihan tentang penyusunan proposal PTK selama satu hari. (2) Membimbing guru dalam mengimplementasikan PTK dalam kegiatan pembelajaran selama dua bulan. (3) Melakukan penilaian terhadap kemampuan guru dalam menyusun proposal PTK dan mengimplementasikan PTK dalam kelas. Hasil yang diperoleh dari seluruh kegiatan P2M ini adalah rata-rata kemampuan mengajar guru dalam mengimplementasikan PTK, berkualitas “ sangat baik”. RPP yang disusun guru, berkualitas “baik”. Rata-rata respon siswa “sangat baik” terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan guru.
PEMBINAAN OLIMPIADE MATEMATIKA BAGI SISWA DAN GURU SD DI DESA SAMBANGAN
Authors: Gita I Nyoman , Suryawan Putu Pasek , Artawan I Gusti Nyoman Yudi
Published: November 2017

Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dan guru SD No.3 Sambangan dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal olimpiade matematika SD. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode berbentuk pelatihan yang dapat mengembangkan daya nalar tingkat tinggi melalui pengerjaan soal-soal olimpiade matematika. Yang terlibat sebagai subyek sasaran dalam kegiatan ini adalah siswa dan guru SD No.3 Sambangan sebanyak 30 orang. Dari kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan dapat disimpulkan hal-hal sebagai berikut. (1) Seluruh siswa terlihat sangat antusias dalam mengikuti pembinaan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari keaktivan siswa mengerjakan soal dalam kelompoknya dan semangat siswa untuk menuliskan hasil diskusinya di papan tulis. Demikian juga jika jawaban temannya salah siswa yang lain sangat antusias memberikan masukan. (2) Siswa dapat menyelesaikan soal setelah mendapat pertanyaan pancingan.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KESEJAHTERAAN BERKELANJUTAN BERBASIS POTENSI DESA DI DESA BINAAN TEMBOK KECAMATAN TEJAKULA
Authors: Wesnawa I Gede Astra , Christiawan Putu Indra , Sulindawati Luh Gede Erni
Published: November 2017

Program Desa Binaan di Desa Tembok ini bertujuan untuk (1) meningkatkan kualitassumber daya manusia melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan keaksaraaan usaha mandiri, (2) meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan potensi alam dan lingkungan melalui kegiatan pembibitan dan penghijauan untuk mewujudkan lingkungan yang lestari, (3) Mendorong tumbuhnya kreativitas, motivasi dan inovasi masyarakat dalam mengatasi permasalahan melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan pengembangan usaha ekonomi kreatif, seperti kreasi produk ingke dan pembuatan VCO, (4) Peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat untuk mendorong terwujudnya kemandirian, kenyamanan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa dalam bidang adat dan agama. Program ini dilaksanakan melalui: Partisipatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Entrepreneurship Capacity Building (ECB), Technology Transfer (TT), dan Information Technology (IT), dalam berbagai bentuk kegiatan seperti pelatihan, pendampingan, penyuluhan, dan penghijauan. Hasil kegiatan adalah (1) meningkatnya keterampilan masyarakat sesuai minatnya sambil mereka belajar membaca dan berhitung; (2) meningkatnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pentingnya penghijauan baik sebagai kelestarian lingkungan maupun investasi jangka panjang, cara pembibitan, dan menanam bibit kelapa gading dan papaya California, (3) meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu-ibu rumah tangga masyarakat dalam bidang industri rumahan, seperti ingke, minyak kelapa, dan (4) meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam pembuatan alat upakara adat Hindu.