bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein target similarity is positive predictor of in vitro antipathogenic activity: a drug repurposing strategy for Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Mogire Reagan M. , Miruka Silviane A. ,   Dennis W. Juma2,   Case W. McNamara4,,   Ben Andagalu2, Burrows Jeremy N , Chenu Elodie , Duffy James , Ogutu Bernhards R. , Akala Hoseah M.
Published: May 2024

Drug discovery is an intricate and costly process. Repurposing existing drugs and active compounds offers a viable pathway to develop new therapies for various diseases. By leveraging publicly available biomedical information, it is possible to predict a compound's activity and identify their potential targets across diverse organisms. In this study, we aimed to assess the antiplasmodial activity of compounds from The Repurposing, Focused Rescue, and Accelerated Medchem (ReFRAME) library using in vitro and bioinformatics approaches. We evaluated the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of the compounds using blood-stage and liver-stage drug susceptibility assays. We used protein sequences of known targets of the ReFRAME compounds with high antiplasmodial activity (EC50 < 10 uM) to conduct a protein-pairwise search to identify similar Pf strain 3D7 proteins (from PlasmoDB) using NCBI protein BLAST. We further assessed the association between the compounds' in vitro antiplasmodial activity and the target similarity parameters between their known targets and similar Pf proteins using linear regression analyses. BLAST analyses identified 735 Pf proteins that were similar to the 226 known protein targets associated with the compounds showing antiplasmodial antimalarial potency. Antiplasmodial activity of the compounds was positively associated with the degree of similarity between the compound’s known targets and predicted Pf protein targets (percentage identity, E value, and bit score), the number of the predicted Pf targets, and their respective mutagenesis index and fitness scores (R2 ranged from 0.066 to 0.92, P < 0.05). Compounds predicted to target essential Pf proteins or those with a druggability index of 1 showed highest antiplasmodial activity. This study is the first to demonstrate a positive correlation between in vitro antipathogenic activity of compounds and target similarity across species. Our findings indicate that leveraging protein-target similarity may accelerate the drug repurposing process for many diseases by predicting compounds’ activity and their prospective targets in different organisms.
The Clinical Utility of a Chemokine-Cytokine Multiplex Assay in Fibromyalgia Diagnosis at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Mohabbat Arya B. , Wight Elizabeth C. , Johnson Tammi R. , McCarthy Page E. , Aakre Christopher A. , Bornstein Shari L. , Ganesh Ravindra , Salonen Bradley R. , Bierle Dennis M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction/Objective: To assess the clinical utility of the FM/a® chemokine-cytokine assay in diagnosing fibromyalgia at an academic medical center.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on 50 patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia at a specialty fibromyalgia clinic between January 1, 2021 through July 31, 2021. Patients completed questionnaires and provided a venous blood sample sent to EpicGenetics, to complete the FM/a® test. Demographic, symptom, and historical data was obtained from chart review. Statistical analysis was performed.
Results: Of 50 patients with a clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia, the FM/a® test was positive in 45 (90%). Performance of the FM/a® test compared to the 2016 ACR criteria yielded an odds ratio of 3.5 with sensitivity of 0.91, specificity of 0.25. Univariate regression demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7337, which improved to 0.89 when adjusted for age, gender, and race. When compared to the 1990 ACR criteria, a positive FM/a® test had an odds ratio of 2.33 with sensitivity 0.92 and specificity 0.17. Univariate regression analysis demonstrated an AUC of 0.571, when adjusted for age, gender and race, AUC was similar at 0.585.
Conclusion: The FM/a® test performed well overall, though inferiorly compared to the 1990 and 2016 ACR diagnostic criteria. When adjusted for age, gender, and race the test performed almost equivalently to the 2016 ACR criteria. The FM/a® test may be useful in general clinical practices to differentiate patients who are more likely to have FM.
The impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the Well-Being of German Medical Students: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Stelter Marie , Zupanic Michaela , Taetz-Harrer Angelika , Nitsche Julia , Büssing Arndt , Ehlers Jan P.
Published: May 2024

The ongoing aggression war by Russia in Ukraine underscores the need to explore the impact of geopolitical crises on students' well-being within the system university. Previous studies have raised concern regarding rising mental health issues among students, exacerbated by war-related stressors. The effects extend to non-war-involved countries on several levels, with heightened anxiety and fear reported for students. In this study, the affectedness of well-being, perceived stress and work engagement among German medicine students is surveyed in a cross-sectional multi-methods study before and after the initial war occurrences in Ukraine were reported. Results show lessened well-being and increase perceived stress, but non significantly affected work engagement. The students report several demands and resources to cope with stressors and maintain ongoing study motivation and capability. By understanding the personal repercussions of systemic crises, this study seeks to identify longitudinal support needs for medical students navigating uncertain times.
miR-669g-mediated Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 inhibition induces behavioral abnormalities via modulating the central 5-HT activity in mice
Authors: Ma Wenqiang
Published: May 2024

Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is a crucial enzyme that plays a rate-limiting role in the biosynthesis of central serotonin (5-HT), and its dysfunction has been associated with various behavioral abnormalities. Investigating miRNAs that target and regulate TPH2 is crucial, as it can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying serotonin synthesis and its potential impact on behavior. In this study, bioinformatics analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter assay identified miR-669g as a regulator of TPH2. Transfection of HT-22 cells with miR-669g resulted in the downregulation of TPH2 expression in vitro. To evaluate the in vivo function of miR-669g, an adeno-associated viral vector-PHP.eB expressing miR-669g was intravenously administered to mice. Subsequent behavioral analyses revealed that the downregulation of TPH2 led to reduced anxiety, impaired memory, and increased aggression, likely through the inhibition of serotonin synthesis. In conclusion, these findings suggest that miR-669g has potential implications for the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral abnormalities.
Comparison of pulmonary circulation parameters acquired by cardiovascular magnetic resonance with right heart catheterization and transthoracic echocardiography in patients with recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Opatřil Lukáš , Panovský Roman , Mojica-Pisciotti Mary , Máchal Jan , Holeček Tomáš , Feitová Věra , Godava Július , Poloczková Hana , Kincl Vladimír , Andrej Michael , Krejčí Jan
Published: May 2024

Evaluating pulmonary circulation parameters (PCP) with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a relatively new approach with the potential for complex evaluation of the cardio-pulmonary system. Its impact might complement clinical assessment through right heart catheterization (RHC), the gold standard in evaluating pulmonary hypertension (PH) and hemodynamics, and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The study aims to examine the correlation of PCP with diastolic and systolic function and PH in patients with recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy (RODCM).
Eighty-four patients with recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy (RODCM) were retrospectively included. All patients had a CMR examination, RHC (including pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)), and TTE. The pulmonary transit time (PTT), corrected pulmonary transit time (PTTc), systolic and diastolic function, and PH were assessed. Patients were divided into groups according to the PH and the diastolic function.
PTT and PTTc correlated with PCWP, cardiac index, PVR, and E/e’. Patients with restrictive filling pattern showed significantly longer PTT. The receiver operating characteristic curve for PTT, PTTc, and PH was assessed with an area under the curve of 72.7% for PTT and 75.3% for PTTc, with cut-off values of 8.62 s (PTT) and 8.52 s (PTTc).
To our knowledge, this is the first study focused on CMR-derived PCP in a RODCM group. Our findings show that PTT and PTTc are prolonged with impaired systolic and diastolic function, and with PH. Therefore, PCP might offer critical information to evaluate the cardio-pulmonary system comprehensively.
Information theoretically secure data relay using QKD network
Authors: Fujiwara Mikio , Kato Go , Tsurumaru Toyohiro , Sasaki Masahide
Published: May 2024

Supercomputers, quantum computers, other computers, and algorithmic advancements that can break cryptographic systems currently in use are becoming a reality. For information that requires long-term confidentiality (e.g. national security, military security, genomic data etc.), the threat of eavesdropping must be seriously considered. The leakage of such information would not only cause temporary confusion but would also have serious repercussions for future generations. Part of such important data are already being exchanged over the Internet using cryptography that is not resistant to quantum computers. Considering the possibility of harvest attacks on information that must be kept secret for centuries, developing a technology that can immediately eliminate the risk of eavesdropping in principle is desirable. In response to these demands, we previously developed an information-theoretically secure method for data transmission, storage, recovery, and authentication with a single password using a quantum key distribution network called a quantum secure cloud. We now apply this technology to develop an information-theoretically secure long-distance data-relay function and succeed in developing a distributed data-relay simulator that is compatible with current quantum key distribution networks. The throughput of this protocol is more than 10 Mbps for 10 MB data, so it can be applied to practical use.
Economic Evaluation of Low-Dose Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Screening among High- Risk Individuals – Evidence from Hungary Based on the HUNCHEST-II study
Authors: RÓZSA Péter , KERPEL-FRONIUS Anna , MURÁNYI Mátyás Péter , RUMSZAUER Ágnes , MERTH Gabriella , MARKÓCZY Zsolt , CSÁNYI Péter , BOGOS Krisztina
Published: May 2024

Background
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in Hungary. Early diagnosis of LC contributes to delivering survival benefits to patients. Low-dose computer tomography (LDCT) is an imaging technology that can be used to identify smaller nodules. The aim of this study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of introducing LDCT screening in Hungary among individuals aged 50 to 74 years with high-risk for developing LC using clinical effectiveness and resource utilisation inputs based on the recent HUNCHEST II clinical trial.
Methods
We estimated costs and outcomes in a cost-utility analysis framework over the time horizon of 30 years to compare annual and biannual screening for LC with LDCT against no organised LDCT screening. The economic evaluation simulated a cohort of current and former smokers aged 50 to 74 years with a smoking exposure of at least 25 pack-years, using data from HUNCHEST-II, a multicentre study to evaluate the impact of LDCT screening on early detection of LC. Complementary data were retrieved from published studies and interviews with local experts.
Results
The results of the analysis are favourable from an economic perspective: the introduction of annual screening for LC with LDCT yielded an incremental effectiveness of 0.053 QALYs as well as an increase in costs of 481 167 HUFs over the full time horizon. The value of the base case ICER (9 143 512 HUF/QALY) of screening for LC with LDCT over no organised screening using LDCT is below the relevant cost-effectiveness threshold. Applying a biannual screening strategy using LDCT yielded less favourable cost-effectiveness results (ICER = 9 908 100 HUF/QALY), although still below the relevant threshold. Similar reduction of lung cancer mortality rate as observed in the NELSON trial might be achieved in Hungary via the LDCT LC screening program.
Conclusions
Along with the mature data on its effectiveness, our analysis confirms that using LDCT for LC screening in high-risk populations delivers good value for money in Hungary. Funding a nationwide lung screening program that uses LDCT is a justified decision in economic terms; biannual screening frequency is more feasible from budgetary and organisational perspectives.
Treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages with Rifabutin loaded β-glucan microparticles induces macroautophagy mediated bacillary killing
Authors: Ahmad Firoz , Fatima Nida , Ahmad Shad , Upadhyay Tarun Kumar , Jain Parul , Saeed Mohd , Ahmad Irfan , Al-Keridis Lamya Ahmed , Khubaib Mohd , Sharma Rolee
Published: May 2024

This study aims to assess the therapeutic efficacy of Rifabutin-loaded β-glucan particles (DYDGP) in targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.) within host macrophage cells. Drug-loaded β-glucan microparticles were prepared using rifabutin for evaluating their therapeutic potential against in-vitro M.tb. infection in host macrophage cells. Our results demonstrate that DYDGP significantly enhances intracellular ROS generation at 30 minutes and 24 hours post-treatment compared to blank (YDGP) particles in the presence of NOX-2 inhibitors. Additionally, DYDGP promotes phago-lysosomal maturation and exhibits better cytoprotective function within M.tb. infected macrophages up to 24 hours post-treatment. Furthermore, our study indicates that DYDGP has the potential to induce autophagy within M.tb. infected macrophages, as evidenced by dansylcadvarine and immunofluorescence studies, along with LC-3 and NOX-2 protein expression analyses. Enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy is crucial for combating M.tb, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, within host macrophage cells. Colony forming unit studies confirm that DYDGP particles exhibit better immunotherapeutic potential compared to blank and pure drugs, suggesting they could serve as a promising alternative for host-directed adjunct therapies against M.tb. infections. These findings highlight the potential of DYDGP in improving therapeutic outcomes and combating drug-resistant M.tb. strains within host cells, contributing to the development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies against tuberculosis.
Visible–near-infrared wavelength-selective imaging devices based on floating-gate phototransistors
Authors: Wang Liming , Wang Bo , Zhang Ningning , You Jie , Zhang Bu , Zhang Yichi , Miao Tian , Liu Yang , Jiang Zuimin , Zhong Zhenyang , Guo Hui , Hu Huiyong , Zhu Zhangming
Published: May 2024

Multispectral photodetectors are emerging devices capable of detecting photons in multiple wavelength ranges, such as the visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) regions. Image data acquired with these photodetectors can be used for effective object identification and navigation owing to additional information beyond human vision, including thermal images and night vision. However, this approach inevitably brings about problems of complex structures and low integration. In addition, few broad-spectrum detectors can achieve imaging in the visible and infrared bands separately, which is highly important for scene recognition and other tasks. Here, we propose a wide-spectrum photodetector integrated with a spectral separation function based on a visible light absorber/floating gate storage layer/near-infrared (NIR) photogating layer configuration. This device exhibits a negative photoresponse under infrared irradiation through the absorption of infrared light by the Ge substrate and the photogating effect and achieves a visible positive photoresponse through the absorption of visible light by MoS2. Furthermore, based on the memory function of the device under floating gate tunneling and the bidirectional photoresponse characteristics of the device, wide-spectrum light detection and single-wavelength signal extraction are realized. Through clever changes in the gate voltage pulse, the photoresponse state of the output voltage is effectively adjusted to achieve three imaging states: visible light response only, response to both visible and infrared light, and infrared light response only. Reconfigurable wavelength-selective imaging can be achieved using different Vpgm (programming voltage) values. The proposed reconfigurable visible–infrared wavelength-selective imaging photodetector can effectively extract image information and improve the image recognition rate while ensuring a simple structure. The single-chip-based spectral separation imaging solution lays a good foundation for further development of visible–infrared vision applications.
Effectiveness of combined proton pump inhibitors and posaconazole prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies: A retrospective study
Authors: Qu Ruochen , Liu Yan , Zhao Yan , Wang Ziyi , Yuan Shizhao , Yu Jing
Published: May 2024

Background: Posaconazole (POS) is widely recommended for the prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with prolonged neutropenia and a high risk of infection. The oral suspension form of POS, although commonly used, has its concentration influenced by various factors, impacting its effectiveness and safety.
Aim: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the effects of PPIs on POS concentrations and C/D to explore their impact on prophylactic outcomes and examine other potential factors that influence POS concentration.
Method: This retrospective study involved patients who received POS for IFI prophylaxis or treatment. The study specifically focused on the effects of PPIs on POS plasma trough concentrations (Cmin) and concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratios.
Results: The analysis included 283 POS trough concentrations from 86 patients. The incidence of probable and proven IFIs was 6.4% (5/78). The use of PPI reduced POS Cmin levels but did not significantly affect the effectiveness of prophylaxis. Esomeprazole and rabeprazole were found to lower POS Cmin. The occurrence of hepatotoxicity was associated with the co-administration of drugs known to cause liver damage, indicating that POS was not the sole factor in these cases.
Conclusion: Co-administration of esomeprazole or rabeprazole with posaconazole reduces its plasma concentrations but does not compromise prophylactic effectiveness against invasive fungal infections. This observation underscores the critical importance of vigilant management and comprehensive follow-up to optimize therapeutic outcomes in this high-risk patient population.
Barriers faced by primary healthcare providers in addressing emergency situations in the Northern region of Palestine before and during the Gaza war
Authors: Hamshari Suha , Hamadneh Sondos , Ghneem Mukaram , Khalaf Raghad , Daqqa Sara , Alwafa Rola Abu , Ktaifan Mahfouz
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Physicians working in primary health care (PHC) centers are the first contact for patients and expected to deal with emergencies. Emergency care training in PHC settings has been neglected globally, especially in low to middle income countries. Adequate preparation becomes especially important during periods of conflict. The study objectives are to identify the barriers facing PHC physicians when dealing with emergency cases in the northern region of Palestine.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 179 physicians working in the 10 PHC centers distributed among 5 northern governances in Palestine. The study period was from July through December 2023. Data was collected electronically through a self-administered questionnaire adapted from literature review that was internally valid based on the measurement of Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
Results: The physicians’ ages ranged between 25 and 60 years with a mean ± SD of (35.3 ± 8.15) years. Most were not boarded in a specialty (91.6%). The majority attended BLS courses (85.5%), whereas 45.2% and 72% had never attended ACLS or ATLS, respectively. Physicians who reported having work experience in emergency departments (P value = 0.002) and reported attending ACLS courses (P value < 0.001) had a significantly higher perceived level of competence in dealing with emergency cases than others.
Conclusion: Emergency services at PHC in northern Palestine are functioning but have room for improvement. Efforts and resources are needed to increase availability of equipment, supplies, and drugs. Training in emergency management courses like ACLS would enhance the level of competence of physicians to perform emergency skills.
Cryopreserved nanostructured fibrin-agarose hydrogels are efficient and safe hemostatic agents
Authors: Casado Carlos , Cepeda-Franco Carmen , Arenas Sheila Pereira , Suarez Maria Dolores , Gómez-Bravo Miguel Ángel , Alaminos Miguel , Chato-Astrain Jesús , Fernández-Muñoz Beatriz , CUERVA RAFAEL CAMPOS
Published: May 2024

Uncontrolled bleeding during surgery is associated with high mortality and prolonged hospital stay, necessitating the use of hemostatic agents. Fibrin sealant patches offer an efficient solution to achieve hemostasis and improve patient outcomes in liver resection surgery. We have previously demonstrated the efficacy of a nanostructured fibrin-agarose hydrogel (NFAH). However, for the widespread distribution and commercialization of the product, it is necessary to develop an optimal preservation method that allows for prolonged stability and facilitates storage and distribution. We investigated cryopreservation as a potential method for preserving NFAH using trehalose. Structural changes in cryopreserved NFAH (Cryo-NFAH) were investigated and comparative in vitro and in vivo efficacy and safety studies were performed with freshly prepared NFAH. We also examined the long-term safety of Cryo-NFAH versus TachoSil® in a rat partial hepatectomy model, including time to hemostasis, intra-abdominal adhesion, hepatic hematoma, inflammatory factors, histopathological variables, temperature and body weight, hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity. Structural analyses demonstrated that Cryo-NFAH retained most of its macro- and microscopic properties after cryopreservation. Likewise, hemostatic efficacy assays showed no significant differences with fresh NFAH. Safety evaluations indicated that Cryo-NFAH had a similar overall profile to TachoSil® up to 40 days post-surgery in rats. In addition, Cryo-NFAH demonstrated superior hemostatic efficacy compared with TachoSil® while also demonstrating lower levels of erythrolysis and cytotoxicity than both TachoSil® and other commercially available hemostatic agents. These results indicate that Cryo-NFAH is highly effective hemostatic patch with a favorable safety and tolerability profile, supporting its potential for clinical use.
Environmental risk of diclofenac sodium in European groundwaters: implications for setting environmental quality standards
Authors: Duarte Cláudia , Lorenzo Tiziana , Reboleira Ana Sofia
Published: May 2024

Groundwater harbors unique species adaptated to perpetual darkness. Groundwater fauna plays a crucial role in global ecosystem services, but contamination poses a threat to this keystone ecosystem. Diclofenac sodium is a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of particular concern, due to its presence in both surface and groundwater. We assess the environmental risk of diclofenac sodium in European groundwaters using different scenarios, analyzing Measured Environmental Concentrations (MECs) of diclofenac sodium and estimated the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNECs) through two approaches: considering the sensitivity of the groundwater crustacean Proasellus lusitanicus, and using surface water species as proxies. Our results show that scenarios based on surrogate species predict that groundwater ecosystems are at risk, and the MECs of diclofenac sodium were consistently lower than the PNEC of P. lusitanicus, suggesting that the current MECs do not pose a significant threat to this groundwater-adapted species. However, risk scenarios differ considering the sensitivity of other groundwater species, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple species’ sensitivities in risk assessment. Therefore, we recommend establishing an environmental quality standard for diclofenac sodium in groundwater at 5 ng/L, value that accounts the need for precautionary measures to safeguard groundwater ecosystems, essential for preserving their unique biota and services.
Comparative electrochemical study of veterinary drug – danofloxacin – at glassy carbon electrode and electrified liquid-liquid interface
Authors: Rudnicki Konrad , Budzyńska Sylwia , Skrzypek Sławomira , Poltorak Lukasz
Published: May 2024

This work compares the electroanalytical performance of two electroanalytical systems based on (i) the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and (ii) the electrified liquid-liquid interface (eLLI), for the detection of fluoroquinolone antibiotic – danofloxacin (DANO). Our aim was to define the optimal conditions to detect the chosen analyte with two employed systems, extract a number of electroanalytical parameters, study the mechanism of the charge transfer reactions (oxidation at GCE and ion transfer across the eLLI), and to provide physicochemical constants for DANO. Detection of the chosen analyte was also performed in the spiked milk samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first (or is among a few) work(s) that directly compares the electroanalytical parameters obtained with solid electrode (in this case GCE) and eLLI. We have found, that for DANO the latter provides better electroanalytical parameters (lower LOD and higher sensitivity) as well as was prone to interference when the milk was subjected to analysis.
Role of Splenic Hepatic elastography ratio in differentiating Non Cirrhotic Portal Fibrosis and Chronic Liver Disease in children
Authors: Upadhyay Piyush , Khanna Rajeev , Sood Vikrant , Lal Bikrant Bihari , Alam Seema
Published: May 2024

Background: Differentiation of Non Cirrhotic Portal Fibrosis(NCPF) from chronic liver disease(CLD) in children and adolescents with portal hypertension(PHT) is challenging especially in cases where liver stiffness measurement(LSM) and Hepatic venous pressure gradient are higher. This objective of the current study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Splenic stiffness measurement (SSM)/LSM ratio in the diagnosis of NCPF.
Methods: From January 2019 to December 2023, consecutive children and adolescents of 6 months to 18 years of age with PHT(CLD and NCPF) were prospectively enrolled. Transient elastography(TE) for SSM and LSM, Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy(UGIE), liver biopsy/trans jugular liver biopsy, abdominal imaging and laboratory evaluation were done. The relationship of TE parameters for diagnosis of NCPF and CLD was evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistics were applied using R Studio-4.2.2 statistical software
Results: One hundred and forty seven with CLD and 27 patients with NCPF were evaluated. Median age was 10.0(IQR 2.4-14.0) years, 68.4% were males. The AUROC of SSM/LSM ratio was better (0.992,95%CI 0.982-1.0001) than LSM (0.945,95%CI0.913-0.977) and SSM (0.626,95%CI0.258-0.489) for the diagnosis of NCPF. SSM/LSM ratio cut-off of 3.67 predicted NCPF with an excellent sensitivity(100%), specificity(95.9%) and diagnostic accuracy(95.91%). The AUROC of SSM/LSM ratio was excellent and outperformed other TE parameters in the subgroups i.e. LSM between 10-20 kPa (0.982,95%CI0.947-1.000), without clinically significant Varices(CSV) (1.000,95%CI1.000-1.000) and with CSV(0.993,95%CI0.983-1.000). Diagnostic performance of SSM/LSM Ratio was better than LSM for discriminating NCPF from CLD using McNemar test(p=0.01)
Conclusion: The SSM/LSM ratio is an excellent tool in differentiating NCPF from CLD.
Label-free optical imaging of ion channel activity on living cells
Authors: Xu Jing-Juan , Li Qing-Yue , Lyu Pintian , Kang Bin , Chen Hong-Yuan
Published: May 2024

Deciphering ion channel activity and signaling interactions within cells is one of the key tasks of neuroscience. Currently, measuring this electrophysiological activity is done using patch-clamp or voltage-sensitive imaging. Unfortunately, these techniques are unable to balance between single-channel sensitivity and high-throughput detection. Here we introduce a label-free electrochemical-modulated interferometric scattering microscope (EM-iSCAT) to measure ion channel activity on living cells at both whole-cell and single-channel levels. We visualize the cellular responses dynamics to osmotic stimulation, and record open-close trajectories of single N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors channels with a frame rate of 1.5 kHz. Furthermore, we localize and distinguish different kinds of ion channels (Na+, K+, Ca2+) on cell membrane and monitor spatio-temporal heterogeneous responses between different cells in a network. The high-throughput and single-channel sensitive nature of EM-iSCAT microscopy allows monitoring simultaneously the activity of individual channels, their localization, and clustering in the cellular community. Our imaging concept opens the possibility to study any kind of ion channels, and more broadly, cell communication mediated by ion channels.
High Gain and Low ECC MIMO Antenna Array for Millimeter Wave Communication Systems
Authors: Pant Mohit , Malviya Leeladhar
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a compact MIMO antenna array is designed with a defected ground structure (DGS) using spatial diversity techniques on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are 1.4$\lambda_{0}$ $\times$ 2.8$\lambda_{0}$$\times$0.073 $\lambda_{0}$
(15 mm$\times$30 mm$\times$0.79 mm), where $\lambda_{0}$ is the free-space wavelength operating at 28 GHz. The antenna array with DGS has enhanced the gain and isolation of the antenna. The gain of the proposed antenna array is 10.3 dBi with 97.01\% radiation efficiency at 28 GHz resonant frequency. The -10 dB impedance bandwidth lies between 26.95-29.50 GHz, which covers the important mmWave frequency bands such as the n257 at 26-29.5 GHz, the n258 at 24.25?27.5 GHz, and the n261 at 27.5?28.35 GHz.In this paper, the MIMO performance metrics are calculated, such as isolation, envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and channel capacity loss. The ECC value observe is 1.29 $\times$ 10 $^{-7}$ at 28 GHz. The channel capacity loss for MIMO antennas is below 0.4 bps/Hz in the operating band, and the isolation is ($|S_{21}|$ = 45.24 dB) at 28 GHz and ($|S_{21}|$ $\ge$ 28 dB) in the complete operating band All the calculated parameters satisfy the standards of the ITU. The proposed MIMO antenna is a good candidate for a 5G wireless communication system.
Genome-wide identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of the CsBAG family in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Authors: Wu Tianli , Long Leyi , Liu Yongting , Liu Kaidong , Zheng Lanyan , Zhong Yun
Published: May 2024

Background: B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene (BAG) proteins constitute a multifunctional family of co-chaperone regulators. They play pivotal roles in modulating various processes, encompassing plant growth and development and response to biotic and abiotic stress. However, despite advancements in our understanding of plant BAGs, the underlying mechanisms remain unelucidated. Therefore, this study aims to systematically examine citrus BAG and their respond to hormonal treatment and Huanglongbing infection. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide in silico analysis of the CsBAG gene family in a globally significant citrus crop to explore its potential roles in fruit trees. We identified and characterized 10 CsBAGs and eight CsBAGs, revealing their distribution across five of the nine citrus chromosomes.
Results: All 10 proteins exhibited a characteristic BAG domain. CsBAG2, 4, 5, and CsBAG8 possess an additional ubiquitin-like domain, while CsBAG1 and CsBAG6 feature a calmodulin-binding motif (IQ motif). Most CsBAGs are predicted to be localized in the nucleus, mitochondria, or chloroplasts. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four major clusters, further categorized into G1–G4 groups. Cis-regulatory elements within all CsBAG promoters were identified and categorized, and the associated transcription factors were predicted. The findings suggest the involvement of these genes in defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, photoperiodic control, hormonal responses, growth, and development. This notion was further supported by gene expression analysis, revealing varying degrees of responsiveness to treatment with plant hormones (GA3 and ABA) and infections with the citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of the CsBAG gene family in citrus.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that certain members of the CsBAG gene family may have roles in stress response and pathogen immunity. This study could help to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of the citrus BAG gene family, and the results will offer additional target genes for molecular disease resistance breeding of citrus HLB, laying a theoretical and practical foundation for the future rational utilization of BAG genes.
A decision support system to utilize leftovers by using meta-heuristic technique
Authors: Muhammad Shakoor , Al-Sawalha M. Mossa , Alqudah Mohammad , Ali Riaz , Shah Rasool , Hamoud Ahmed A.
Published: May 2024

There are a lot of leftovers produced by industrial and building activities worldwide. These leftovers include wood planks, electric wires, circular pipes, steel, aluminium window frames, etc., of which some are considered to be standard while others are considered to be non-standard. Since these leftovers vary in size and kind, it can be difficult for manufacturers, electricians, and builders to handle and reuse them, particularly when using non-standard materials. In this paper, we have taken into account different approaches to reuse such leftovers. However, some material requires overlapping sections when connecting. In this regard, the previous techniques fail to handle the problem under consideration. We have modified a meta-heuristic technique (genetic algorithm) to evaluate overlapping sections and handle those leftovers that are considered scraps that were left unused after the implementation of cutting stock and bin packing concepts in order to maximize a given company’s profit and minimize its stock load as much as possible. In this scenario, we extended the leftover minimization approaches for leftovers that have overlapping materials. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is applicable for overlapping pipes, electric wires, steels, and anything else connected by overlapping sections. We have observed from the simulation results that the proposed method handles left-overs in the stock from 76.47% to 100%, which shows the maximum utilization of leftovers at proper places. Similarly, the results and comparisons show the validity and improvements of the modified algorithm. In future work, we intend to modify the proposed technique by including more dimensions like width, weight, and diameter. For such scenarios, we will use different meta-heuristic techniques like PSO, ant colony, and particle swarm (PS) in addition to fuzzy decision-making techniques.
Angle of Attack Effects on the Induced Structural Loads of a Weapons Bay
Authors: Bacci David , Saddington Alistair J.
Published: May 2024

Aero-acoustic analysis was conducted on a weapons bay numerical model with doors, incorporating radar cross section reduction features. The effect of angle of attack on the aero-acoustic response of the cavity was analysed at Mach numbers of 0.85 and 1.20. It was found that incidence influenced both mean-flow features and acoustic response. Further, linear and angular accelerations induced by the flow on the bay doors revealed potential adverse fluid-structure coupling when the results were compared with modal analysis. Again, the angle of attack did influence the aeroacoustic effects on the cavity door structure.
Elite germplasm introduction, training set composition, and genetic optimization algorithms effect in genomic selection-based breeding programs: a stochastic simulation study in self-pollinated crops
Authors: Fritsche-Neto Roberto , Yassue Rafael Massahiro , Silva Allison Vieira da , Prado Melina , DoVale Júlio César
Published: May 2024

In genomic selection, the prediction accuracy is heavily influenced by the training set (TS) composition. Currently, two primary strategies for building TS are in use: one involves accumulating historical phenotypic records from multiple years, while the other is the “test-and-shelf” approach. Additionally, studies have suggested that optimizing TS composition using genetic algorithms can improve the accuracy of prediction models. Most breeders operate in open systems, introducing new genetic variability into their populations as needed. However, the impact of elite germplasm introduction in GS models remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a case study in self-pollinated crops using stochastic simulations to understand the effects of elite germplasm introduction, TS composition, and its optimization in long-term breeding programs. Overall, introducing external elite germplasm reduces the prediction accuracy. In this context, Test and Shelf seem more stable regarding accuracy in dealing with introductions despite the origin and rate, being useful in programs where the introductions come from different sources over the years. Conversely, using historical data, if the introductions come from the same source over the cycles, this negative effect is reduced as long as the cycles and this approach become the best. Thus, it may support public breeding programs in establishing networks of collaborations, where the exchange of germplasm will occur at a pre-defined rate and flow. In either case, the use of algorithms of optimization to trim the genetic variability does not bring a substantial advantage in the medium to long term.
Development of Defect Detection Models for Standard and Modified Gear Tooth Surfaces based on FFT/DWT
Authors: Huang Shu-Hsien , Wu Ting-En , Lai Chia-Hung
Published: May 2024

Gears play a pivotal role in power transmission systems. Over prolonged periods of high-load transmission, the issue of gear lifespan has become a challenging one to address. Monitoring systems are vital in today's smart manufacturing landscape, contributing to safety and sustainable development. Presently, there is a dearth of research focused on the vibration of gears with surface modification. Consequently, this study has devised a novel defect detection model for surface modification gears. It employs time-domain, frequency-domain, and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) analysis in combination with deep neural network (DNN) deep learning to validate the effectiveness of this approach. The study deals with gears in two states: undamaged and wear. Vibration data was sampled for 800 seconds at a rate of 1024 Hz. Leveraging Artificial Intelligence, this research opens the door to innovative applications and services in the field of gear manufacturing. Notably, DWT exhibits a significant reduction in the amplitude of vibrations between surface modification helical gears and surface modification spur gears. Furthermore, from the DNN training and accuracy, it is evident that there is no substantial difference in accuracy between epochs 30 and epochs 100.
Association between hemostasis and acute mesenteric ischemia: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Xie Xiaolong , Yang Gang , Pei Jiao , Wu Yang
Published: May 2024

Background: Hemostatic abnormality has been observed in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) but causal effects of hemostatic factors on AMI are still not clear.
Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR) analyses using summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to explore the potential causal effects of 23 hemostatic factors on acute mesenteric ischemia.
Results: Statistically significant association between genetically determined plasminogen levels and acute mesenteric ischemia were observed. A genetically predicted one SD increase of plasma plasminogen was associated with an odds ratio of 0.41(95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24 to 0.68, P = 0.0007). Sensitivity analysis of weighted median method also supported the result of main analysis. Other hemostatic factors in this study were not shown to have significant associations with AMI.
Conclusion: Genetically decreased blood level of plasminogen was causally associated with genetically predicted risk of AMI. Our result suggested potential causal roles hemostatic factors in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of AMI.
Association between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on CT and Myocardial Infarct Size using SPECT-MPI in patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cui Weiwei , Li Ningjun , Gao Xiao , Liu Xuehuan , Bai Qingshuang , Li Zuoxi , Zhou Zhibo , Yu Hong , Yu Li , Li Can , Lian Xinying , Liu Jun
Published: May 2024

Background: We aim to explore the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), intrathoracic fat (IF), pericardial fat (PF) and myocardial infarct size (MIS) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods: SPECT-MPI was used to detect MIS, while CT scans were used to measure IF, PF, and NAFLD in patients with STEMI. Firstly, we categorised the patients into two groups (those with measurable and nonmeasurable MIS). The difference in fat between the two groups was compared using a two-sample t-test to determine which type of fat might be correlated with MIS. Secondly, the association between the related fats obtained in the aforementioned steps and MIS was evaluated using linear regression analysis. Third, to further verify this association at the molecular level, we explored the potential shared genes associated with related fat obtained in the above steps and acute myocardial infarction via bioinformatics analysis using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Finally, the association between the expression of shared genes in the serum of patients with STEMI and related fat was confirmed using Pearson’s correlation analysis.
Results: The volume and fat attenuation index of IF and PF showed no difference between patients with MIS and those without. However, the L/S of NAFLD on CT reduced significantly in patients with MIS (P =0.001). The L/S of NAFLD on CT was an independent predictor of MIS on SPECT-MPI in patients with STEMI (P =0.042). We identified ST2, THBD, LEPR, and CEBP-α in NAFLD and acute myocardial infarction cases from the GEO database (P <0.05). Compared to patients with STEMI without NAFLD, those with NAFLD exhibited a reduction in sST2 levels (P=0.042); however, no differences were observed in THBD, LEPR, and CEBP-α levels. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between L/S and sST2 levels (r=0.459, P =0.032).
Conclusions:Among patients with STEMI, the L/S of NAFLD, but not IF or PF, was associated with MIS on SPECT-MPI. Additionally, the L/S of NAFLD on CT emerged as an independent predictor of MIS. The expression of sST2, a biomarker associated with NAFLD and STEMI, positively correlated with the L/S on CT imaging.
Can Force-Velocity Profiles Using a Trap-Bar or Body Jump Height Ratio Serve as Alternatives to Those Using a Straight-Bar?
Authors: Chiba Itaru , Oguro Takashi , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Kobayashi Yasunaga , Makino Yosuke , Hashimoto Sena , Seki Shotaro , Inkwan Hwang
Published: May 2024

Background
Vertical force-velocity profiles (FVP) derived from squat jumps (SJ) or countermovement jumps (CMJ) with straight-bars (SB) offer valuable insights into neuromuscular function, yet concerns arise regarding spinal loading and injury risks during high-load exercises.
Aims
To evaluate (i) differences and relationships between variables using conventional FVP of SJs with SB and trap-bar (TB), and (ii) potential relationships between FVP variables and those from body weight jumps.
Methods
The randomized crossover design involved 15 participants performing SJ, CMJ without arm swing (CMJ w/o AS), CMJ with arm swing (CMJ w/ AS), and loaded SJ with additional body weights (40%, 60%, and 80%) under SB and TB conditions. FVP variables including theoretical maximum force (F0), velocity (V0), power (Pmax), slope of the force-velocity linear relationship (Sfv), and force-velocity imbalance (FVimb) were calculated with multiple SJs. The CMJ w/o AS height to SJ height ratio (CMJ/SJ) determined the explosive strength deficit.
Results
Loaded SJ height was significantly higher in the TB condition than that in SB (p < 0.050). F0 and FVimb values calculated were significantly higher with TB (p < 0.010), whereas V0 and Sfv were significantly higher with SB (p < 0.010). FVimb was significantly and positively correlated with both conditions (p = 0.007), and the correlation between Sfv and CMJ/SJ in the TB group was also significant (p = 0.041).
Conclusions
FVP calculated with multiple SJs using SB and TB can be used interchangeably, while CMJ/SJ could partially serve as an alternative to FVP.
A rationally optimised batch bioreactor cultivation of Viola odorata plant cells for sustainable production of its key bioactive principles
Authors: R Babu , Srivast Smita
Published: May 2024

Viola odorata plant extracts are extensively used in indigenous medicine to treat infectious diseases. V. odorata's limited availability in nature, due to geographical conditions and adulteration, makes continuous supply of high-quality plant raw material challenging. This results in low-quality plant extracts that can have inconsistent and sometimes adverse effects when used in medicine. As an effective solution, in vitro plant biomass cultivation conserves plant diversity, ensuring high-quality raw materials with uniform quality and quantity. Toward this, the current study focuses on establishing bioprocess strategy to achieve maximum V. odorata biomass productivity up to bioreactor level. In this context, in vitro culture conditions were rationally optimised, focusing upon both statistical optimization and one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach, for improved biomass productivity. In particular, basal medium, carbon and nitrogen source, inoculum density, macronutrient concentration, shaking speed, temperature, pH, light intensity, and plant growth regulators were systematically optimized in order to achieve the maximum biomass. This led to increased biomass production from 10.2 ± 0.8 g DW L-1 to 21.68 ± 0.82 g DW L-1 within 12 days of the batch cultivation period. Optimized culture conditions were implemented in three different types of bioreactors, namely, stirred tank, airlift, and bubble column, to cultivate V. odorata biomass. Of these three methods, cultivation in a stirred tank reactor produced ~19.7 g DW L-1 of maximum biomass within a 12-day batch cultivation period. Further, the metabolite profile of the bioreactor cultivated biomass (alcoholic extract) was compared with that of the natural plant biomass using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics, yielding around 18 key principles (metabolites) that exhibit resemblance with that in the natural source. The antibacterial activity of the plant extract was tested against three bacteria responsible for respiratory tract infections, and their antioxidant activity was compared with that of Vitamin E, wherein the results demonstrated comparable activity. The novelty of this study is in the fact that the V. odorata plant cells were cultivated in bioreactors for the first time for potential medicinal applications. It provides an alternative method for sustainable production of plant biomass, thereby conserving the natural plant sources.