bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic methods of detecting defects within the material with the use of active infrared thermovision
Authors: Grochalski Karol , Peta Katarzyna
Published: June 2017

Article presents the methods of detecting defects within material with the use of active infrared thermovision. During the study ABS and PVC samples were used inside which internal structure defects and defects of glue conjunction between components were modeled. During combining composite materials with the use of glue joints, there is a problem with homogenous distribution of the glue layer on the surface of an element, which results in the creation of defects in joint structure and the decline of active surface of adhesion forces on the combined materials. It is then necessary to control the quality of the conjunction between the glued surfaces. The use of non-contact diagnostic methods allows to analyze a larger surface which conditions in more efficient quality control process. In the study, external heat excitation was used - optical excitation with periodic variable signal (LockIn method) and unit step excitation (Pulse method). The methods of analysis of the obtained thermograms are presented.
EUV mask defectivity – a process of increasing control toward HVM
Authors: Jonckheere Rik
Published: June 2017

This article covers the various aspects of defectivity of a typical mask used for extreme ultra-violet (EUV) lithography. The focus of the present article is on those aspects that are more specific for EUV lithography. A prime type of defect that fully falls under the really EUV-specific category consists of the so-called multilayer defects (ML-defects): these defects relate to the ML mirror on the mask, which makes it reflective. While not specific, particle contamination plays a special role in EUV lithography and includes two aspects: both front- and backside of an EUV mask have peculiarities beyond historical deep-UV lithography. Frontside particles can print when they exceed a critical size and, while solvable as in (deep)-UV lithography by means of a pellicle, there are specific challenges. Backside particles can distort a clamped EUV reticle, and the resulting local non-flatness of the reticle may result in focus and overlay errors on the wafer. A last aspect that requires special attention for EUVL can be categorized under reticle degradation by extensive use. That includes the high-volume manufacturing-oriented conditions of high source power needed to obtain competitive throughput. For each aspect of EUV mask defectivity, and hence each type of defect, the paper reviews how the community tackles them and how their possible impact on the result of wafer printing with a given EUV reticle is minimized. This includes a summary of the authors’ own contribution to related learning and developments. Finally, a personal interpretation is given of what are the remaining open items before a workable or full solution can be considered in place.
Globalization and Aid Inflows in the Economic Growth of Vietnam
Authors: Mah Jai S
Published: June 2017

This paper aims to reveal the sources of the rapid growth of the Vietnamese economy since economic reform over the period 1986–2013. It applies the autoregressive distributed lags variance bounds test and the error correction model, focusing on the roles of globalization and aid in economic growth. The empirical evidence supports neither the export-led nor the FDI-led economic growth hypothesis. Rather, the increase in import values is revealed to have caused economic growth. When the import variable is excluded from the estimated model, aid inflows are shown to have caused the economic growth in Vietnam.
Was ist echt im 13. Kapitel der Aristotelischen Hermeneutik und was nicht?
Authors: Weidemann Hermann
Published: June 2017

In an article published in 1934 Albrecht Becker argued that the final third of chapter 13 of Aristotle’s De interpretatione (22b38–23a26) is not the work of Aristotle himself but a later interpolation. The aim of the present article is to show that the passage is not entirely spurious but contains an extended section (23a6–20) which, apart from its first, third, and final sentence (23a6–7, 11–13, 18–20), is to be regarded as genuine. Its remaining sentences cannot be dispensed with, since they are connected with 22b29–37 by a logically coherent line of thought, which is however interrupted by the interpolated text. They are, as it were, the proverbial baby which Becker in his attempt to purge the chapter of later accretions threw out with the bath water.
Photocatalytic activities and photoinduced fusion of gold-modified titania nanoparticle
Authors: Julkapli Nurhidayatullaili Muhd , Bagheri Samira , Abdullah Fatimah Zahara
Published: June 2017

Gold nanoparticles measuring 3–30 nm deposited on semiconductors result in an effective photocatalyst against several pollutants. Its photocatalytic activities are significant under both UV and solar irradiation. In a photocatalytic system, the oxidation of pollutants takes place on the gold surface as the electron donor, while the electron is consumed by the reduction of oxygen as the electron acceptor on the semiconductor’s surface. This promotes not only increased photocatalytic activities but also the green transformation of pollutant compounds to harmless compounds. The photosensitivity of semiconductors can be modified by tuning the size, shape, and contact of gold nanoparticles. This review highlights the function of gold nanoparticles in overcoming the limitation of transition metal oxide materials in photocatalytic applications.
Differences in Glenohumeral Joint Rotation and Peak Power Output Between Super League and Championship Rugby League Players
Authors: Haines Matthew R.
Published: June 2017

Haines, MR. Differences in glenohumeral joint rotation and peak power output between Super League and Championship Rugby League players. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1685–1691, 2018—Rugby league is a high-intensity sport with large impact forces sustained during play, resulting in high prevalence of shoulder injury. Consequently, shoulder strength and player power are important considerations for injury prevention and performance. Additionally, professional teams regularly compete against semiprofessional teams, where differences in physical conditioning could be marked. The aim of this study was to test for differences in glenohumeral joint rotation and peak power between a professional Super League (SL) and semiprofessional Rugby League Championship (RLC) teams. A cross-sectional analysis was used to test 25 SL and 24 RLC players during preseason training. Isokinetic dynamometry, at 240°·s−1 for concentric and eccentric actions was used to assess glenohumeral rotation. Peak power was determined using a maximal 30-second cycle ergometer test. Selective muscular development of the internal rotators without concomitant external rotator strength was evident in the SL team but not the RLC team. Internal rotation peak torque was higher for the SL club for concentric (∼24%) and eccentric (∼16%) muscle actions (p ≤ 0.05), and this contributed to a lower ipsilateral reciprocal muscle group ratio (external to internal concentric) for the SL team compared with the RLC team (∼47% and ∼60% respectively; p ≤ 0.05). Peak power output was also higher for the SL team (1,409 ± 153 vs. 1,273 ± 159 W; p ≤ 0.05). The results highlight a mismatch in the physical conditioning of SL and RLC players with implications for practitioners to design strength and conditioning programs that minimize the risk of injury while optimizing performance.
Biomechanical Analysis of Suspension Training Push-Up
Authors: Giancotti Giuseppe F. , Fusco Andrea , Varalda Carlo , Capranica Laura , Cortis Cristina
Published: June 2017

Giancotti, GF, Fusco, A, Varalda, C, Capranica, L, and Cortis, C. Biomechanical analysis of suspension training push-up. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 602–609, 2018—The aims of this study were to evaluate the load distribution between upper and lower extremities during suspension training (ST) push-up at different lengths of ST device and to predict useful equations to estimate the training load. After giving informed consent for participation, 25 subjects (17 men and 8 women; age = 28.1 ± 5.2 years; body mass = 69.4 ± 14.3 kg; height = 171.6 ± 11.3 cm; body mass index (BMI) = 23.4 ± 3.3 kg·m−2) were involved in the study. Each subject performed 14 static push-ups at 7 different lengths of ST device in 2 different elbow positions. The load distribution between upper and lower extremities was evaluated through a load cell and a force platform, respectively. To evaluate body inclination, all tests were recorded and analyzed through motion analysis software. To estimate the training load, a multilevel model regression (p ≤ 0.05) was used. Results showed that when the length of the ST device increased, the body inclination decreased, whereas the ground reaction force decreased and the load on the ST device increased. Moreover, when subjects moved from extended to flexed elbow, the ground reaction force decreased and the load on the ST device increased. In the created regression model (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.24), the reaction force was the dependent variable, whereas the length of the ST device, BMI, and elbow position were the independent variables. The main findings were that the load distribution between upper and lower extremities changes both when modifying the body inclination and the length of the straps. The use of predicted equations could help practitioners to personalize the workouts according to different specific aims by modifying the length of the ST device to guarantee load progression.
What is the Value of a National Football League Draft Pick? An Analysis Based on Changes Made in the Collective Bargaining Agreement
Authors: Kraeutler Matthew J. , Carver Trevor J. , Belk John W. , McCarty Eric C.
Published: June 2017

Kraeutler, MJ, Carver, TJ, Belk, JW, and McCarty, EC. What is the value of a National Football League draft pick? An analysis based on changes made in the collective bargaining agreement. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1656–1661, 2018—The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the value of players drafted in early rounds of the National Football League (NFL) Draft since the new collective bargaining agreement began in 2011. The NFL's player statistics database and database of player contract details were searched for players drafted in the first 3 rounds of the 2011 to 2013 NFL Drafts. Performance outcomes specific to each position were divided by each player's salary to calculate a value statistic. Various demographics, NFL Combine results, and total number of games missed because of injury were also recorded for each player. These statistics were compared within each position between players selected in the first round of the NFL Draft (group A) vs. those drafted in the second or third round (group B). A total of 147 players were included (group A 35, group B 112). Overall, players in group A were significantly taller (p ≤ 0.01) and heavier (p = 0.037) than players in group B. Group B demonstrated significantly greater value statistics than group A for quarterbacks (p = 0.028), wide receivers (p ≤ 0.001), defensive tackles (p = 0.019), and cornerbacks (p ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were found between groups with regard to number of games missed because of injury. Players drafted in the second or third rounds of the NFL Draft often carry more value than those drafted in the first round. NFL teams may wish to more frequently trade down in the Draft rather than trading up.
The Effect of Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Tolerance and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Van De Walle Gavin P. , Vukovich Matthew D.
Published: June 2017

Van De Walle, GP and Vukovich, MD. The effect of nitrate supplementation on exercise tolerance and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1796–1808, 2018—The purpose of this article was to systematically review the current literature and evaluate the overall efficacy of nitrate supplementation on exercise tolerance and performance by meta-analysis. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: (a) were an experimental trial published in an English peer-reviewed journal; (b) compared the effects of inorganic nitrate consumption with a non-bioactive supplement control or placebo; (c) used a quantifiable measure of exercise performance; and (d) was carried out in apparently healthy participants without disease. A total of 29 studies were identified that investigated the effects of nitrate supplementation on exercise tolerance or performance in accordance with the criteria outlined. Analysis using time to exhaustion as the outcome variable revealed a significant effect of nitrate supplementation on exercise tolerance (ES = 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–0.47; p = 0.006) compared with placebo. Analysis using time to complete a specific distance as the outcome variable revealed no significant effect of nitrate supplementation on exercise performance (ES = −0.05; 95% CI: −0.28 to 0.17; p = 0.64) compared with placebo. Nitrate supplementation is likely to improve exercise tolerance and capacity that may improve exercise performance. More research is required to determine the optimal dose and duration of nitrate supplementation. It would also be important to consider the type of athlete performing the exercise and the duration, intensity, and mode of the exercise performed because these factors are likely to influence the efficacy of nitrate supplementation.
Influences of Playing Position and Quality of Opposition on Standardized Relative Distance Covered in Domestic Women's Field Hockey: Implications for Coaches
Authors: Vinson Don , Gerrett Nicola , James David V. B.
Published: June 2017

Vinson, D, Gerrett, N, and James, DVB. Influences of playing position and quality of opposition on standardized relative distance covered in domestic women's field hockey: Implications for coaches. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1770–1777, 2018—The purpose of this study was to compare the standardized relative distance covered by the various playing positions (defenders, midfielders, and forwards) against different quality of opponents in domestic women's field hockey. Data were collected from 13 individuals competing for 1 team in the English Premier League across an 18-game season. Data were collected using portable global positioning system technology. Distance data were grouped into 6 speed zones relative to individual players' maximum sprint speeds and then standardized by dividing by the number of on-pitch minutes. Dependent variables included distance covered in the 6 speed zones, as well as the number of sprints and repeated sprint efforts (RSEs) completed in the highest speed zone. Participants covered a significantly greater total distance when competing against opponents from top 3 teams compared with middle 3 teams (111.78 ± 2.65 m·min−1 vs. 107.35 ± 2.62 m·min−1, respectively). This was also true for distance covered in zone 4 (running) (29.47 ± 1.69 m·min−1 vs. 27.62 ± 1.45 m·min−1, respectively) and zone 5 (fast running) (23.42 ± 1.76 m·min−1 vs. 21.52 ± 1.79 m·min−1, respectively). Defenders (99.77 ± 4.36 m·min−1) covered significantly less total meters per minute than midfielders (117.20 ± 4.36 m·min−1) and completed significantly fewer RSEs per on-pitch minute (0.21 ± 0.03 and 0.33 ± 0.03, respectively). Midfielders covered significantly less distance in zone 2 (walking) than forwards (19.38 ± 1.64 m·min−1 and 30.33 ± 2.12 m·min−1, respectively). Conversely, midfielders were shown to cover significantly more distance in zone 3 (jogging) than forwards (32.84 ± 1.10 m·min−1 and 24.61 ± 1.42 m·min−1, respectively). A standardized and relative assessment may be useful for coaches' and performance analysts' understanding of players' performance in different positions or against different quality opponents.
The Role of Dimensional Personality Psychopathology in a Forensic Inpatient Psychiatric Setting
Authors: Anderson Jaime L. , Wood Mary E. , Tarescavage Anthony M. , Burchett Danielle , Glassmire David M.
Published: June 2017

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form is a widely used measure of psychopathology and includes the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales, which measure dimensional maladaptive personality traits similar to those in the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorder (PD) diagnosis. The current study evaluated the role of these dimensional personality psychopathology characteristics in a sample of 1,110 inpatients in a forensic psychiatric setting, where personality psychopathology plays a significant but understudied role. The authors examined the extent to which dimensional personality psychopathology characteristics (as measured by the PSY-5) were associated with borderline and antisocial PD diagnoses and institutional aggression. Results support the usefulness of measuring dimensional personality traits for understanding PD diagnoses, as well as incidents of institutional aggression. More specifically, the PSY-5 scales appear to measure the core features of borderline and antisocial PDs. This study supports the inclusion of dimensional personality assessment in understanding aggressive behavior in inpatient settings.
High Prevalence of Physical Pain Among Treatment-Seeking Individuals With Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Heath Laura M. , Paris Joel , Laporte Lise , Gill Kathryn J.
Published: June 2017

Research has demonstrated that about 30% of chronic pain patients suffer from borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet pain is not often discussed in research on the treatment of BPD. Sixty-five patients entering outpatient treatment for BPD were assessed at baseline for the prevalence of DSM-IV lifetime pain disorder, current medical problems, and the experience of current pain as measured by the McGill Pain Questionnaire. DSM-IV lifetime pain disorder diagnosis was present in 65% of patients. Current pain was experienced by 89% of participants, with intensity ranging from mild (19%) to excruciating (2%). Some individuals (21.5%) also reported experiencing daily medical problems in the past month prior to entering treatment. Physical pain is highly prevalent among treatment-seeking individuals with BPD. This pain phenomenon should be considered during treatment to help prevent a lifetime of functional impairment, including the possibility of abusing substances as a maladaptive coping mechanism.
Androgenic potential of human fetal adrenals at the end of the first trimester
Authors: Savchuk I , Morvan M L , Antignac J P , Gemzell-Danielsson K , Le Bizec B , Söder O , Svechnikov K
Published: June 2017

The onset of steroidogenesis in human fetal adrenal glands (HFA) during the first trimester is poorly investigated. An unresolved question is the capacity of the HFA to produce potent androgen DHT via conventional and/or the backdoor pathway(s) at the end of first trimester, when androgen-responsive organs are developed. Our aim was to explore steroidogenesis and the expression of steroidogenic enzymes and transcription factors in HFA at gestational weeks (GW) 9–12 with focus on their androgenic potential. Steroids in the HFA were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The expression of steroidogenic enzymes and transcription factors in the HFA at GW9–12 was investigated by qPCR, automated Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We demonstrated that during GW9–12 HFA produced steroids of the ∆5, ∆4 and the backdoor pathways of the biosynthesis of DHT, though the latter was limited to production of 17α-OH-dihydroprogesterone, androsterone and androstanedione without further conversion to DHT. The only androgens identified in the HFA were testosterone and androsterone, a precursor in the biosynthesis of DHT. We also observed higher levels of CYP17A1 but low expression of 3βHSD2 at GW11–12 in the HFA. Elevated levels of CYP17A1 were associated with an increased expression of SF-1 and GATA-6. Altogether, our data demonstrate that of those steroids analyzed, the only potent androgen directly produced by the HFA at GW9–12 was testosterone. The onset of steroidogenesis in the HFA is a complex process that is regulated by the coordinated action of related transcription factors.
Altered retinoid signaling compromises decidualization in human endometriotic stromal cells
Authors: Pavone Mary Ellen , Malpani Saurabh , Dyson Matthew , Bulun Serdar E
Published: June 2017

Decidualization alters multiple molecular pathways in endometrium to permit successful embryo implantation. We have reported that paracrine factors, including retinoids, secreted from progesterone-treated endometrial stromal cells, act on nearby epithelial cells to induce the estradiol metabolizing enzyme HSD17B2. This same induction is not seen in endometriotic stromal cells. We have also shown significant differences in retinoid uptake, metabolism and action in endometriotic tissue and stromal cells compared to normal endometrium. Here, we characterize retinoid signaling during decidualization in these cells. Endometrial and endometriotic cells were isolated, cultured and incubated and decidualized. Genes involved in retinoid metabolism and trafficking were examined using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Prolactin, a decidualization marker, was also examined. We found that both endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells express all intracellular proteins involved in retinoid uptake and metabolism. Decidualization significantly reduced the expression of the genes responsible for retinoid uptake and shuttling to the nucleus. However, expression of CRBP1, an intracellular carrier protein for retinol, increased, as did RBP4, a carrier protein for retinol in the blood, which can function in a paracrine manner. Secreted RBP4 was detected in the media from decidualized endometrial cells but not from endometriotic cells. We believe that retinoid trafficking in endometrial stromal cells during decidualization may shift to favor paracrine rather than intracrine signaling, which may enhance signaling to the adjacent epithelium. There is blunting of this signaling in endometriotic cells. These alterations in retinoid signaling may help explain the decidualization defects and deficient estradiol inactivation (via HSD17B2) seen in endometriosis.
Perspectivas de cambio desde el Sur. Pensamiento crítico desde la raíz
Authors: Costanzo Mariagiulia
Published: June 2017

Esta contribución se centra sobre la crítica al pensamiento dominante, que toma forma en el paradigma neoliberal, artífice de desigualdades sociales, probreza estructural y daños ambientales.

A expresar alternativas a este modelo son los movimientos sociales latinoamericanos, que toman fuerza y hacen propuestas desde abajo, desde los “márgenes” de la sociedad, representando el motor de un proceso de cambio y proponiendo un paradigma incluyente y capaz de envolver elementos como la justicia social y el acceso libre a la tierra, entre muchos otros. En este sentido, el Buen Vivir representa el principio inspirador de los movimientos indígenas que proponen un proyecto alternativo que se opone al paradigma dominante y se presenta como respetuoso de las diversidades.
Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: una encrucijada paradigmática de la sociedad globalizada
Authors: Collado Ruano Javier
Published: June 2017

El objeto de investigación del presente artículo es identificar y definir las diferentes perspectivas epistemológicas y metodológicas que han emergido desde la mitad del siglo XX: la multidisciplinariedad, la pluridisciplinariedad, la interdisciplinariedad y la transdisciplinariedad. También aborda la irrupción de la globalización y los procesos transfronterizos haciendo un acercamiento genealógico a la epistemología del sur latinoamericana, africana, islámica y asiática. Por último, reivindica la necesidad de crear puentes transculturales entre los pueblos de todo el mundo para superar la encrucijada paradigmática en la que nos encontramos como sistema-mundo, con la finalidad de alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible establecidos por los Naciones Unidas para el año 2030.
Case Report of a Hypobaric Chamber Fitness to Fly Test in a Child With Severe Cystic Lung Disease
Authors: Loo Sarah , Campbell Andrew , Vyas Julian , Pillarisetti Naveen
Published: June 2017

Patients with severe cystic lung disease are considered to be at risk for cyst rupture during air travel because of the possibility of increase in cyst size and impaired equilibration of pressure between the cysts and other parts of the lung. This may have clinically devastating consequences for the patient but may also result in significant costs for emergency alteration of flight schedule. We report the use of a hypobaric chamber to simulate cabin pressure changes encountered on a commercial flight to assess the safety to fly of a child with severe cystic lung disease secondary to Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The test did not result in an air leak, and the child subsequently undertook air travel without mishap. This is the first reported use of a hypobaric chamber test in a child with severe cystic lung disease. This test has the potential to be used as a fitness to fly test in children at risk for air leak syndromes who are being considered for air travel.
Sobre penteados e cabelos africanos: visões eurocêntricas nas páginas da Eu sei tudo (1917-1929)
Authors: Guimarães Ana Carolina Carvalho
Published: June 2017

Este artigo analisa imagens e textos relativos às mulheres africanas, publicados na revista ilustrada Eu Sei Tudo entre os anos de 1917 e 1929. A hipótese desenvolvida é a de que este periódico contribuiu para a difusão de representações e estereótipos da cultura e das mulheres africanas, especialmente quando se considera que esta revista, originalmente francesa, era produzida no Brasil a partir dos exemplares que circulavam naquele país. Buscou-se, então, dar enfoque à maneira como a revista e o almanaque Eu Sei Tudo, publicado anualmente entre 1921 e 1958, veiculavam ilustrações e informações sobre os cabelos das mulheres africanas. Neste sentido, conclui-se que preponderou nesse periódico uma visão eurocêntrica de mundo, a partir da qual eram apresentadas ideias de modernidade e civilização que, frequentemente, tinham nos modos de tratamento da África e dos africanos o seu oposto.
A trajetória do padre pardo Daniel Pedro Marques de Oliveira: a escravidão nos periódicos da província do Amazonas (1860-1870)
Authors: Abreu Tenner Inauhiny
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo intitulado A trajetória do padre pardo Daniel Pedro Marques de Oliveira: a escravidão nos periódicos da província do Amazonas (1860-1870) tem como enfoque central a trajetória política de um ex-escravo padre Daniel, tipificado como pardo livre que foi entre as décadas de 1860-1870 personagem de significativa relevância no cenário político da sociedade amazonense do oitocentos. Utilizamos como aporte teórico as discussões em torno do uso de periódicos enquanto fonte polissêmica, ressaltando o caráter complexo que tais fontes podem apresentar. O artigo encontra-se dividido em duas partes: a primeira de maneira sumária tratando do nascimento do periodismo do Amazonas a segunda parte analisa a trajetória política do padre pardo (liberto) Daniel Pedro Marques de Oliveira a partir de fontes oficiais de jornais da Província do Amazonas.
¿Gentrificación latinoamericana? Apuntes para su discusión
Authors: Salinas Arreortua Luis Alberto
Published: June 2017

ResumenA pesar que el concepto de gentrificación fue utilizado en la década de los sesenta, es hasta las teorías desarrolladas por Smith y Ley, a finales de los setenta, que comienzan a desarrollarse diversos trabajos empíricos en el mundo anglosajón. Mientras que en América Latina, los trabajos empíricos comienzan a producirse, de manera destacada, hacia la primera década del siglo XXI. Se discuten diversos argumentos que explican la tardía producción de trabajos empíricos sobre casos de gentrificación en ciudades latinoamericanas, exponiendo las principales críticas que se han producido acerca del uso de este concepto, así como del desalojo de una perspectiva crítica, dando como resultado propuestas contrarias al origen del concepto. Por último, se retoman los rasgos que caracterizan los procesos de gentrificación en esta región.AbstractAlthough the concept of gentrification was used in the 1960s, it is even the theories developed by Smith and Ley in the late 1970s that various empirical works in the Anglo-Saxon world are beginning to develop. While in Latin America, the empirical work begins to take place, in a remarkable way, towards the first decade of the 21st century. Several arguments are discussed that explain the late production of empirical work on cases of gentrification in Latin American cities, exposing the main criticisms that have been made about the use of this concept, as well as the eviction of a critical perspective, resulting in proposals that are contrary to the origin of the concept. Finally, the traits that characterize the processes of gentrification in this region are taken.
Parque de la Libertad, Pavas, San José, Costa Rica
Authors: Alpízar Valverde Luis Diego , Arguedas Araya Tatiana
Published: June 2017

ResumenEl parque Recreativo La Libertad de Pavas nace como un proyecto comunal universitario realizado para la Municipalidad de San José en el año 2013, ganador posteriormente del Primer Concurso “Espacios innovadores para la recreación y la convivencia comunitaria” del Ministerio de Vivienda y Asentamientos Humanos (MIVAH), en el año 2015. Actualmente, el proyecto se encuentra en la etapa de elaboración de planos constructivos y tramitología de permisos de construcción, con la expectativa de empezar la etapa constructiva en el 2018. La propuesta busca el rescate de una comunidad con importantes problemáticas sociales, como lo es La Libertad de Pavas, mediante el otorgamiento de un espacio del cuál se puedan apropiar. Lugar donde puedan practicar deporte y donde se fomente la recreación sana de sus habitantes. Como resultado, la propuesta cuenta con un programa de nuevas actividades como el bicicross, skateboarding, fútbol, zonas de descanso, áreas de recreación, espacios feriales y una serie de senderos, que dan una nueva dinámica al sitio. También, se realizó un estudio específico de vegetación para la zona, ya que esta juega un papel importante dentro de la conceptualización arquitectónica, así como el juego con la topografía que se quiere lograr. Este nuevo programa y actividades de la propuesta, invita a los habitantes de Pavas a apropiarse de este espacio y cuidarlo como suyo, mediante actividades para diferentes edades a lo largo del trayecto y darle una nueva imagen a su comunidad.AbstractThe recreational park La Libertad, Pavas was born as a communal project carried out  for the Municipality of San José in 2013, winner of the First Contest “Innovative space for recreation and community coexistence” of MIVAH year 2015. It is currently in the stage of elaboration of constructive plans and permissions. The proposal seeks to rescue a community with social problems, such as La Libertad de Pavas, through the granting of a space where they can practice sports and encourage the recreation of its inhabitants. As a result, the project has a study of vegetation specific to this area, as well as its topography, where new activities such as bicicross, Skateboarding, football, recreation areas, fairgrounds and a series of trails were adapted; which give a new dynamic to the site. The new program of the proposal invites the community of Pavas to appropriate the park, presenting activities for different ages along the way.
Instructivo para la Publicación de Artículos
Authors: UCR REVISTARQUIS
Published: June 2017

Normas e instrucciones para la publicación de artículos.
Integration of Cryopreservation and Tissue Culture for Germplasm Conservation and Propagation of Rosa pomifera ‘Karpatia’
Authors: KWAŚNIEWSKA Ewelina , DZIEDZIC Ewa , PAWŁOWSKA Bożena
Published: June 2017

Cryopreservation is an useful technique for long-term conservation that requires minimal space and maintenance. Germplasm protection of Rosa is important to preserve genetic diversity, to store material for breeding and to expand new research. This study was conducted to develop a droplet vitrification cryopreservation and micropropagation of Rosa pomifera cv. ‘Karpatia’, whose large hypanthia are characterized by remarkable pro-health properties. Culture in vitro was stabilized and shoot tips collected from dormant buds served as initial explants. The multiplication of shoots was carried out on MS medium containing benzyladenine. For the droplet vitrification cryopreservation, shoot tips from in vitro cultures were used: small with exposed meristem, and large with a meristem covered with leaves, as well as shoot tips from in situ plants, which were collected in winter. Treatment time with plant vitrification solution (PVS2) was also tested (10-30 minutes). From in vitro culture, 32-41% small explants with exposed meristem survived, but they regenerated at a very low level. The best cryostorage results were obtained for shoot tips from dormant buds and a 20-minute PVS2 treatment: the survival was 84% and regeneration 72%. During the post-freezing regeneration multiplication index was 2.4 shoots per one multiplication cycle, after cryopreservation and in the control. On half MS medium without growth regulators, 97-99% of shoots rooted, and all rooted plants have adapted to ex vitro conditions and were planted into the soil. Biometric analyses during shoot multiplication, rooting and acclimatization stages did not reveal any changes compared to the non-cryopreserved samples.
Novel Zinc Finger-Homeodomain Gene from Barley (HvZFHD1) is Differentially Regulated During Spike Development and under Hormonal Treatments and Abiotic Stresses
Authors: ABU-ROMMAN Saeid , AL-HADID Khaldoun
Published: June 2017

Plant zinc finger-homeodomains (ZFHDs) are transcriptional factors that play an important role in regulating plant growth and development. Several ZFHD genes were cloned and characterized in many plant species. In the present study, a full-length cDNA sequence of ZFHD gene was cloned from barley (termed as HvZFHD1) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The sequence analysis showed that the HvZFHD1 was 1477 bp in length, and contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 1161 bp. The deduced protein is composed of 386 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 40.46 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.5. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that HvZFHD1 protein shared high identity with ZFHD proteins from wheat, maize, and rice. The predicted HvZFHD1 protein contained the characteristic putative zinc finger domain in the N-terminus and a DNA binding homeodomain in the C-terminus. The expression level of HvZFHD1 was investigated using qRT-PCR during spike development and in response to exogenous phytohormones and abiotic stresses. The results showed that the expression level of HvZFHD1 was fluctuated during spike development with higher expression during anthesis, medium milk, late milk, and early dough stages. The expression of barley ZFHD1 was strongly responsive to abscisic acid treatment and was up-regulated in seedlings treated with methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and ethephone. In addition, the expression levels of HvZFHD1 were increased by dehydration, salinity, and heat stress, but not affected by cold stress. The expression patterns of HvZFHD1 suggest that it might play a role in flowering and flower development and is involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses.
Nutritional Quality of Herbaceous Vegetation in a Phryganic Mediterranean Ecosystem During the Grazing Period
Authors: ROUKOS Christos N. , KYRIAZOPOULOS Apostolos P. , ABRAHAM Eleni M. , PARISSI Zoi M. , KARATASSIOU Maria
Published: June 2017

Grazing is an economically and environmentally valuable activity in phryganic Mediterranean ecosystems. The herbaceous vegetation of these ecosystems provides an essential feed source for grazing ruminants. Despite the extension and economic importance of phryganic ecosystems in Mediterranean Basin there has been relatively little scientific focus on nutritional quality of their herbaceous vegetation. The nutritional quality of herbaceous vegetation in a phryganic ecosystem was assessed for two consecutive years during the grazing period (March to July). Herbage samples were analysed for chemical composition, metabolizable energy, in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility and mineral content (Ca, P, K, Mg) at monthly basis. According to the results time of harvest significantly affected crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin and the content of minerals (i.e. Ca, P, Mg, K). Mean monthly temperature found to have a great negative impact on nutritional quality. During the grazing period, the nutritional quality of herbage vegetation was strongly correlated with growing degree days. Over a threshold of about 700 growing degree days the nutritional quality of herbage dramatically decreased. Overall the current study provides crucial information for the nutritional dynamics of the herbage vegetation of the phryganic Mediterranean ecosystems that can be towards developing an efficient grazing strategy.
Mycorrhizal Fungi Regulate Root Responses and Leaf Physiological Activities in Trifoliate Orange
Authors: LIU Chun-Yan , SRIVASTAVA A.K. , WU Qiang-Sheng
Published: June 2017

Plant responses to mycorrhization are mediated through secretion of certain signal molecules deposited in mycorrhizosphere in response to environmental stimuli. Responses of four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), namely Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora versiformis, Funneliformis mosseae, and Rhizoglomus intraradices on root morphology, lateral root (LR) number, and leaf carbohydrates, nitric oxide (NO), and calmodulin (CaM) changes were studied using trifoliate orange. Inoculation response of D. versiformis, F. mosseae, and R. intraradices registered significantly higher plant growth performance (plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and shoot and root biomass), root morphological traits (total length, projected area, surface area, and volume), and LR number (first-, second-, third-, and forth-order), compared to un-inoculated response. Higher concentrations of CaM, NO, glucose, and fructose and lower sucrose level in leaves were observed in AMF-seedlings than in non-AMF seedlings. Correlation studies further revealed, root morphological traits and LR numbers were significantly negatively correlated with sucrose whereas positively correlated with glucose, fructose, NO, and CaM level in leaves. These results suggested, AMF-induced root modification is routed through sucrose cleavage and partly through changes in NO and CaM.
Identification of Plants in the 1584 Murals of the Casa del Deán, Puebla, México
Authors: TUCKER Arthur O. , JANICK Jules
Published: June 2017

The murals in the Casa del Dean in Puebla, Mexico completed in 1584 by anonymous indigenous artists contain many plant illustrations in friezes including plants indigenous to Mexico as well as European plants. Five species native to New Spain (Iris fulva, Mentzelia hispida, Prunus mexicana, Prunus serotina subsp. capuli, and Symphoria globulifera) and three species introduced from Europe (Punica granatum, Rosa damascena ‘Semperflorens’, and Vitis vinifera) were identified. A number of fantasy or nebulous plants are recognized.
Alleviation of Drought Stress in White Clover after Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Authors: TUO Xiao-Qing , HE Li , ZOU Ying-Ning
Published: June 2017

White clover is extremely susceptive to drought stress (DS), while it is not clear whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance drought tolerance of the plant. This study was carried out to evaluate effects of two AMF species, Funneliformis mosseae and Paraglomus occultum, on flavonoid, soluble protein, proline, and nutrient uptake in roots of white clover under well-watered (WW) and DS conditions. Root colonization by F. mosseae and P. occultum was heavily decreased by 7-week DS treatment. Mycorrhizal plants showed considerably greater biomass production in shoot, root, and total (shoot+root) than non-mycorrhizal plants, irrespective of soil water status. AMF inoculation led to significantly higher root soluble protein and proline accumulation under WW and DS and root flavonoid level under DS, regardless of AMF species. Root N, P, K and Cu concentrations were dramatically increased by mycorrhization under WW and DS, and root Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn levels were significantly higher in AMF plants than in non-AMF plants under WW. It concluded that AMF strongly enhanced plant growth and drought tolerance of white clover by greater nutrient absorption and protective substances (soluble protein, proline, and flavonoid) accumulation.
Rosmarinic Acid Accumulation and Antioxidant Potential of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Cell Suspension Culture
Authors: WEREMCZUK-JEŻYNA Izabela , GRZEGORCZYK-KAROLAK Izabela , FRYDRYCH Barbara , HNATUSZKO-KONKA Katarzyna , GERSZBERG Aneta , WYSOKIŃSKA Halina
Published: June 2017

Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Lamiaceae) is known for its medicinal properties, however greater yields can potentially be achieved by in vitro cultivation. A cell suspension culture of D. moldavica L. (Lamiaceae) derived from root-derived callus was established in liquid MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 0.5 mg/l and BAP 0.2 mg/l. The biomass and rosmarinic acid (RA) content were analyzed during the 15-day growth cycle of the culture. The highest fresh and dry weight (14.29 g/flask and 1.14 g/flask, respectively) and RA level (27.2 mg/g DW) were reached at day 12 of culture. Methanolic extracts of the culture were assayed for total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, and antioxidant activities using three in vitro tests: ABTS radical scavenging, ferric ion reduction (FRAP) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). RA content and antioxidant potential were found to be higher in cell suspension culture than in root-derived callus. The cell suspension culture also exhibited higher concentrations of RA and ABTS radical scavenging activity than those of the aerial parts of six-month-old field-grown plants of D. moldavica. The overall results show a significant correlation between antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and RA content of the examined extracts. The study presents for the first time the use of cell cultures of D. moldavica for production of therapeutically-valuable metabolites. Our results suggest that the obtained culture could be considered as a potential source of rosmarinic acid, a compound known for its strong antioxidant activity.
Mycorrhiza and Common Mycorrhizal Network Regulate the Production of Signal Substances in Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata)
Authors: ZHANG Yi-Can , LIU Chun-Yan , WU Qiang-Sheng
Published: June 2017

Common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) connecting two or more neighbouring plants are confirmed to transfer signals, whereas little information about CMNs effects on the signal substances production is known. In this study, a two-chambered rootbox separated by 37 µm nylon mesh was used to establish donor and receptor chambers. Two chambers both were planted with trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and then only donor chamber inoculated with Diversispora versiformis, Paraglomus occultum and Rhizoglomus intraradices. The roots of the donor and receptor plants both were mycorrhizated suggesting that CMNs were established between donor and receptor seedlings. Moreover, the AMF association dramatically increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf numbers, and shoot and root biomass in both the donor and receptor seedlings. The AMF inoculation in the donor plants and the subsequent mycorrhizal colonization by CMNs in the receptor plants significantly increased root calmodulin (CaM) and salicylic acid (SA) concentrations, while considerably decreased root nitric oxide (NO) and jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations. This was accompanied by down-regulated expression of three JA synthetic genes (PtLOX, PtAOS and PtAOC), regardless of donor and receptor seedlings. These results thus suggest that CMNs between trifoliate orange seedlings manifestly promote plant growth and affect the production of signal substances.
Assessment of Genetic Relationship among Male and Female Fig Genotypes Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers
Authors: TEOMAN Sevin , IPEK Meryem , ERTURK Umran , TANGU Nesrin Aktepe , DURGUT Erdem , BARUT Erdogan , ERCISLI Sezai , IPEK Ahmet
Published: June 2017

Fig (Ficus carica L.) is a traditional crop in Turkey and widely cultivated around the Mediterranean areas. The gynodioecious fig species is present in two sexual forms, i.e. the domesticated fig (female tree) and the caprifig (male tree). Caprifigs are crucial for high quality fig production and breeding while, the studies on assessment of genetic relationship among caprifigs is limited. The aim of this study was to determine genetic diversity among 45 caprifigs and 2 female figs collected from four provinces in Marmara and Aegean Sea Regions of Turkey using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In this work, 24 SSR markers were tested, one was monomorphic and the remaining markers amplified 82 alleles. The number of polymorphic alleles per SSR marker ranged from 2 to 7. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) differed from 0.18 to 0.76 and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged between 0.24 and 0.81. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.42 to 0.98. A UPGMA analysis based on Dice similarity matrix clustered fig genotypes into two main groups and similarly, STRUCTURE analysis placed fig genotypes into two different gene pools (K=2). Fig genotypes collected from the same region were not clustered together in a group indicating that the fig genotypes did not cluster on the basis of their collection sites. Our results demonstrated that caprifigs and female figs are not genetically distinct and they clustered together in a group. All fig genotypes had distinct SSR marker profiles suggesting that there were no synonyms or homonyms. These results revealed a high genetic variation among fig genotypes and 23 SSR markers were enough to discriminate all fig genotypes analysed in this study demonstrating that SSR marker system is suitable for genetic analysis in figs.
Evidence of Low Chloroplast Genetic Diversity in Two Carpinus Species in the Northern Balkans
Authors: CĂRĂBUŞ Mihaela Cristina , CURTU Alexandru Lucian , POSTOLACHE Dragoș , CIOCÎRLAN Elena , ŞOFLETEA Neculae
Published: June 2017

Genetic diversity and differentiation in two Carpinus species (C. betulus and C. orientalis) occurring in Romania was investigated by using three chloroplast Simple Sequence Repeat markers (cpSSRs). A total of 96 and 32 individuals were sampled in eighteen C. betulus and six C. orientalis populations, respectively. A total of four chloroplast haplotypes were observed. Two haplotypes were specific for C. betulus and two for C. orientalis. Most of C. betulus populations were fixed for the predominant haplotype (H1), which was observed in 82% of the individuals. All C. orientalis populations were fixed for one haplotype or the other. Populations with haplotype (H3) are spread in southern Romania and the haplotype (H4) was observed at the northern limit of C. orientalis natural distribution range. Genetic differentiation among populations was moderate in C. betulus (GST = 0.422), compared to the high value observed in C. orientalis (GST = 1.000), which can be explained by the occurrence of a distinct haplotype in the peripheral population. RST values for both species suggest low levels of recurrent gene flow through seeds among populations. Our data on geographic distribution of chloroplast DNA haplotypes may be useful for the identification and conservation of distinct genetic resources of the two Carpinus species.