bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management Culture and Practice in Ancient Civilizations of Sumerian, Egypt, and Greek
Authors: Perewari Fakidouma , Otimi Oguara Pagaranyo
Published: October 2023

The civilization of mankind started long ago, but the culture of management practices within ancient civilizations remains a subject of exploration. This research investigates the management culture and practices in the ancient civilizations of Sumerians, Egyptians, and Greeks, along with their impact on modern-day life. The study reveals that these civilizations exhibited management practices in decision-making, division of labor, information management, and more. The Sumerians showcased efficient leadership and a hierarchal structure, as evidenced by their record-keeping and division of labor. Similarly, the Egyptians established an organized bureaucracy that controlled the economy and managed labor for large-scale construction projects like pyramids and cities. In Greece, the Delphic Oracle and notable figures like Thucydides and Democritus emphasized information management and decision-making through data-driven practices and resource allocation. These findings underscore that management principles and practices have a historical foundation dating back to ancient civilizations, influencing modern management evolution.
The Application of the Crime of Picking Quarrels and Provoking Trouble in Cyberspace in China
Authors: Duoran  , Daorentuya  , Gegen
Published: October 2023

In 2013, The Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Supreme People’s Court issued “about the use of information network defamation criminal cases of applicable law” (hereinafter referred to as “the interpretation”), the judicial interpretation of article 5 on the Internet intimidation, abuse others or trouble, can also establish stir-up-trouble crime. This article in “Interpretation” expands the scope of the crime of picking quarrels and provoking troubles to cyberspace, forming a mode of the crime of picking quarrels and provoking troubles. Although the introduction of the Interpretation has played a positive role in regulating the behavior of picking quarrels and provoking troubles, the threshold of the crime of picking quarrels and provoking troubles is vaguer than the traditional identification of the crime of picking quarrels and provoking troubles, which to some extent leads to the confusion of the crime of picking quarrels and provoking troubles. Therefore, based on the theory and judicial basis of the crime of picking quarrels and provoking troubles, combined with the actual needs of the current cyberspace governance, it is necessary to study the related problems of the crime of picking quarrels and provoking troubles.
Pengaruh Kelelahan Kerja, Keseimbangan Kehidupan Kerja, Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Operator SPBU Pertamina 34-15312 Serpong
Authors: Tri Agustina Annisa , Ali Syarif , Nur Supriadi Yudi , Maryam Suryani
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini berupa penelitian kuantitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kelelahan kerja, keseimbangan kehidupan kerja, lingkungan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan. Total populasi berjumlah 43 dan sampel yang digunakan yaitu 43 karyawan operator SPBU Pertamina 34-15312 Serpong. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data kuantitaif dengan menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan (1) kelelahan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, (2) keseimbangan kehidupan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, (3) lingkungan kerrja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, dan (4) kelelahan kerja, keseimbangan kehidupan kerja, lingkungan kerja secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja
Analisis Tugas Terminal Service Officer dan Apron Movement Control Dalam Pengawasan Fasilitas Sisi Darat dan Sisi Udara di PT Angkasa Pura I Bandar Udara Internasional Jenderal Ahmad Yani Semarang
Authors: Parmudya Renaldhy Putra , Widagdo Djoko
Published: October 2023

Terminal Service Officer (TSO) adalah petugas yang menangani pengawasan pada area sisi darat, sedangkan Apron Movement Control  (AMC) yaitu tugasnya menangani pengawasan area sisi udara khususnya apron. Di Bandar Udara Internasional Jenderal Ahmad Yani Semarang pernah ditemukan kerusakan pada area check in counter pada fasilitas toilet, kemudian petugas TSO melaporkan pada kejadian kerusakan itu dan selanjutnya akan ditangani unit satuan teknis. Terjadi juga pada area apron ditemukan kerusakan berlubang pada lintasan taxiway-foxtrot, petugas AMC melaporkan kejadian kerusakan itu dan selanjutnya akan ditangani oleh unit teknikal bandara. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kesesuaian instruksi kerja dari petugas TSO dan AMC dalam melaksanakan pengawasan fasilitas di sisi darat dan sisi udara serta mengetahui kendala apa saja yang ditemukan ketika melaksanakan tugasnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 07 Agustus s.d 18 Agustus 2023 dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif yaitu pengambilan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi disertai data-data pendukung lainnya. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu mereduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa pelaksanaan tugas dari petugas TSO dan AMC sudah sesuai dengan intruksi kerja yang ditetapkan. Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya terdapat beberapa kendala yaitu pada unit TSO kurangnya fasilitas HT dan kurangnya petugas di lapangan, sedangkan pada unit AMC kendalanya yaitu kurangnya fasilitas CCTV dan kurangnya petugas AMC.
Analisis Peran Terminal Service Officer Dalam Pengukuran Level of Service Berdasarkan PM 178 Tahun 2015 di Bandar Udara Internasional Adisutjipto Yogyakarta
Authors: Rodhiyatulliyani Rodhiyatulliyani , Widagdo Djoko
Published: October 2023

Terminal Service Officer (TSO) adalah salah satu unit di PT. Angkasa Pura yang bertugas untuk melakukan pengawasan dan memastikan fasilitas yang ada di terminal bandara. Pengawasan yang dilakukan mengacu pada PM 178 Tahun 2015 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Pengguna Jasa Bandar Udara dan Prosedur Mutu unit Terminal Service Officer. Untuk mengetahui peran petugas TSO , salah satunya adalah survei LOS. Level Of Service (LOS) adalah standar pelayanan yang merupakan tolak ukur sebagai pedoman penyelenggaraan pelayanan dan acuan kualitas pelayanan yang berkualitas, cepat, mudah, terjangkau, dan terukur. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dan didapatkan di Bandara Internasional Adisutjipto Yogyakarta. Data diperoleh dari Observasi, Wawancara, Dan Dokumentasi. Data Primer didapatkan dari wawancara kepada 3 narasumber yang terdiri dari petugas Terminal Service Officer. Data Sekunder didapatkan berdasarkan Peraturan pemerintah (PM) 178 tahun 2015, dokumentasi Prosedur Mutu Bandar Udara Internasional Adisutjipto Yogykarta, serta Monitoring Dan Evaluasi Level Of Service (LOS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petugas TSO telah melaksanakan pengukuran Level Of Service (LOS) sesuai dengan PM 178 Tahun 2015 dan Prosedur Mutu Bandar Udara Internasional Adisutjipto Yogyakarta. Dibuktikan dengan adanya dokumentasi Monitoring Dan Evaluasi LOS yang dilaporkan setiap bulanannya. Dan dari hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa Level Of Service di di bandar udara ini telah berjalan dengan baik sesuai aturan yang berlaku yaitu PM 178 Tahun 2015 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Pengguna Jasa Bandar Udara.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran PACAS Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Ibrahim Fahmi , Hendrawan Budi , Sunanih Sunanih
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media PACAS pada materi pecahan senilai di kelas IV yang layak. Adapun masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah kurangnya penggunaan media pembelajaran dari guru pada materi pecahan senilai. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan yang mengacu pada model Brogg Gall. Penelitian dilakukan di SDN Kubangsari. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Langkah-langkah: potensi dan maslah, mengumpulkan informasi, desain produk, valdasi desain, revisi desain, uji coba lapangan awal, revisi produk, uji coba lapangan utama, revisi produk akhir, pembuatan produk masal. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan validasi ahli media memperoleh skor akhir yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik. Validasi ahli materi memperoleh skor akhir yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik. Validasi ahli Bahasa memperoleh skor akhir yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik. Uji coba lapangan awal memperoleh skor yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik. Uji coba lapangan utama memperoleh skor yang termasuk dalam kategori baik. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba tersebut, media kartun layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran Matematika
Rodents in Drug Discovery
Authors: Goyal Vinod , Bandari Mahalakshmi
Published: October 2023

Animals, especially rodents, are an integral part of any drug discovery and development program. Once initial in silico and in vitro experiments are completed, a new chemical is tested for its pharmacokinetic profile, efficacy, and safety in animals, rodents being the most commonly used animals. Millions of rodents (rats and mice) are being used annually to understand the properties of new chemicals. Apart from wild types, genetically modified rats and mice such as knock-out or knock-in animals are very popular nowadays in understanding the biology behind diseases. Though the emergence of advanced technologies undermines the use of rodents in research, replacing animal use in research now seems to be a dream.
Segmentation of High-Dimensional Matrix-Variate Time Series
Authors: Gao Zhaoxing
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, we introduce a new segmentation method for high-dimensional matrix-variate time series. Specifically, we look for linear transformations to segment the matrix into many small sub-matrices for which each of them is uncorrelated with the others both contemporaneously and serially, thus they can be analyzed separately, which will greatly reduce the number of parameters to be estimated in terms of modeling. To overcome the identification issue, we propose a two-step and more structured procedure to segment the rows and columns separately. When the dimension is large in relation to the sample size, we assume the transformation matrices are sparse and use threshold estimators for the (auto) covariance matrices. Unlike principal component analysis (PCA) for independent data, we cannot guarantee that the required linear transformation exists. When it does not, the proposed method provides an approximate segmentation, which may be useful for forecasting. The proposed method is illustrated with simulated data examples.
The many faces of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Carter Gregory
Published: October 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder with many different comorbidities. Patients can present with these comorbidities even when sleep apnea has not been diagnosed due to the low diagnostic rates for obstructive sleep apnea worldwide. This presents a concern for clinicians as unless sleep apnea is treated along with a presenting comorbidity, the patient will not have an optimal health outcome. This chapter addresses several of the most common and worrisome comorbidities of sleep apnea and discusses the relationships and pathophysiology of comorbidities including insomnia, treatment resistant hypertension, restless legs syndrome, depression, gastroesophageal reflux, asthma, cognitive disorder, REM sleep behavioral disorder and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Clinical studies documenting the relationships of each of these comorbidities to obstructive sleep apnea are presented with putative pathophysiologic discussion of how obstructive sleep apnea aggravates or leads to the development of each of these illnesses.
Alternative Animal Feeding for Intensive Livestock Farming Systems and Their Impact on Reproductive Performance of Ruminants
Authors: César Mugabe Lopes , Pereira Lents Maicon , Emydio Gomes Pinheiro Emmanuel , Alexandre Muchanga Rafael
Published: October 2023

Intensive livestock farming systems are vital for sustaining the growing world population by providing several goods and services. However, the increased livestock operations cost, particularly related to animal feeding, compromises the expansion of this industry, especially in developing countries. One way to reduce the feeding costs without compromising the nutritional quality would be the use of protein-rich food waste discarded by the industries that otherwise would pollute the environment. This chapter presents an overview of the intensive livestock farming systems in developed and developing countries and discusses the use of agro-industrial by-products as alternative sources of nutrients to improve livestock productivity, as well as the key nutritional components that are likely involved to improve the reproductive performance of animals. Our results showed that diets containing 30 to 45% of coconut meal, rich in ether extract and protein, may improve sperm progressive motility, sperm concentration per mL, total sperm per ejaculate, and total viable sperm per ejaculate of beef goats, compared with diets with no or lower coconut meal content. Diets with coconut meals may also enhance the semen quality of sheep.
Drug-Related Cystitis: An Overview
Authors: Engin Seçkin
Published: October 2023

Cystitis is an inflammatory condition of the urinary bladder with infectious or noninfectious aetiologies. Chemical-induced cystitis represents a relatively highly prevalent kind of noninfectious cystitis resulting from therapeutic agents or environmental chemicals. Drug-related cystitis is a type of urotoxicity of drugs, which is a commonly underreported condition leading to impaired quality of patients’ life, discontinuation of medication and non-compliance. Drug-related cystitis can occur in several forms ranging from mild urinary symptoms to gross haematuria, which can be challenging for physicians to treat. Chemotherapeutic drugs, ketamine, tiaprofenic acid and several drugs have been reported to be associated with cystitis until now. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating agent that leads to haemorrhagic cystitis with widespread awareness due to its high prevalence in patients under treatment intravenously. However, several currently available drugs have been also reported to induce cystitis, which may be usually ignored. Drug-related cystitis can cause emergency admissions and prolonged hospitalisation, leading to increased medical costs. Some cases of drug-related cystitis are clinically managed with established therapeutic interventions and/or prophylaxis, such as CP-induced haemorrhagic cystitis. On the other hand, standard treatment is currently unavailable for most cases. This chapter will provide current knowledge regarding the drug-related cystitis that should be taken into consideration as a potential adverse effect of drugs by physicians.
Extraction of Renewable Natural Pigments in Indonesian Cultures for Coloring Batik Fabrics
Authors: Saefudin  , Basri Efrida
Published: October 2023

Nowadays, trends of Indonesian batik have increased to replace synthetic pigments with renewable natural pigments (chlorophyll, tannin, and others) due to strong consumer demands for more natural products. Production of renewable natural pigments from plant biomass (e.g., wood wastes) has been developed and produced in liquid, paste, and dry forms. Natural pigment production not only increases their selling-price capacity but should also exhibit biological activities that are environmentally friendly and beneficial for health. Abundant sources of chlorophyll/tannin in wood wastes (including mangrove origins) from forestry industries could potentially substitute for synthetic pigments, which sound environmentally harmful. Wood waste utilization could encourage and create economic opportunities in forest villages, centers of mangrove wood industries, and small/medium-scale batik/weaving enterprises. Natural colors of chlorophyll/tannin seem preferred by coastal and inland motif batik crafters. Accordingly, exploring various natural sources of tannin is essential for fabric/batik coloring, safe for food/beverages, and not endangering health.
Desmuntant la Secció Alemanya : Exposició Internacional de Barcelona de 1929 : Arquitectura de Ludwig Mies van der Rohe i Lilly Reich
Authors:   , Felip Ordis Olga
Published: October 2023

Apart from the many interpretative contributions that the recent historiography has contributed to the state of the art in regards to the participation of the German Section at the International Exposition of Barcelona in 1929, this doctoral thesis offers an objective perspective of the events that took place between the first attempts of partition by the German government in October of 1927 and the final liquidation in autumn of 1930.
A representation that is developed in three volumes - Space and Time, Architecture and Diconstructing the German Section - in a sequence that reconstructs the totality of the interventions of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich, in a new circular and open route in The Mountain of Montjuïc.
Purpose intent is to calibrate the participation and significance of figures such as Georg von Schnitzler, as well as the authorship of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich in a temporary suspension of the work of art similar to the words of Marcel Duchamp: in advance, in retard. Towards the definition of a method where the legacy of the history of architecture offered to Mies and Reich an inventory for the definition of a new order within the 8 existing Palaces while the two ends -the 2 pavilions- where the autonomous object should circulate.

Al marge de les nombrosíssimes contribucions interpretatives que la historiografia recent aporta com a l’estat de l’art sobre la participació de la Secció Alemanya a la Exposició Internacional de Barcelona de 1929, la present tesis doctoral ofereix una mirada objectiva dels fets que van esdevenir entre les primeres temptatives de partició per part del govern alemany d’octubre de 1927 i la liquidació final a la tardor de 1930.
Una narració que es desplega en tres volums -Espai i Temps, Arquitectura i Desmuntant la Secció Alemanya- en una seqüència que reconstrueix la totalitat de les intervencions de Ludwig Mies van der Rohe i Lilly Reich, en un nou recorregut circular i obert per la Muntanya de Montjuïc.
La intenció és calibrar la participació i pes de figures com Georg von Schnitzler, així com l’autoria de Ludwig Mies van der Rohe i Lilly Reich en una suspensió temporal de l’obra d’art similar a les paraules de Marcel Duchamp: in advance, in retard. Cap a la definició d’un mètode a on el llegat de la història de l’arquitectura va oferir a Mies i Reich un inventari per la definició d’un nou ordre dins dels 8 Palaus existents alhora que els dos extrems -els 2 Pavellons- a on l’objecte autònom hauria de transitar.
Atles d'arquitectura teatral de Palma: ciutat, arquitectura i espai escènic
Authors:   , Aloy Bibiloni Guillermo
Published: October 2023

The research of the place of theatre in Palma explores the existing, disappeared and closed spaces throughout the history of the city. This catalog includes 113 performance spaces, some with ostentatious will, but most of them humble. An architectural typological system of leisure and culture that opens a series of questions: What is the reason for its construction? Who are its agents and its architecture? Which is the place of the theatre in Palma?
In this historical and urban research, the study of the space of the theatre becomes a mean to read the relationship between architecture and culture over the centuries. Beyond its architectural typology, it has been the theatrical and the performative event itself, with a broad scope, that defined the spaces of the theatre; where the architecture and the scenography create a meeting place, at the same time, in the same space, of actors and audience.

(Català) La investigació del lloc del teatre a Palma mostra els espais existents,
desapareguts i tancats al llarg de la història de la ciutat. Parteix
d’una catalogació que recull 113 espais escènics, alguns amb
voluntat ostentosa, però la majoria humils. Un sistema tipològic de
l’arquitectura de l’oci i de la cultura que obre una sèrie de preguntes:
Quin és el motiu de la seva construcció? Qui són els seus agents i la
seva arquitectura? Quin és el lloc del teatre a Palma?
En aquest recorregut històric i urbà, l’estudi de l’espai del teatre
esdevé un mitjà per a llegir la relació de l’arquitectura amb la cultura
al llarg dels segles. Més enllà de la seva estructura arquitectònica s’ha
partit de l’esdeveniment teatral i performatiu, amb una mirada àmplia,
per a la selecció i la definició dels espais del teatre; on l’arquitectura i
l’escenografia de l’edifici dramàtic s’entenen com el lloc de trobada, en
un mateix temps, en un mateix espai, d’actors i de públic.
Conformador de haz de referencia por código de dos etapas: aplicación a la recepción de señales con modulación de saltos frecuenciales
Authors:   , Nájar Martón Montserrat
Published: October 2023

La tesis propone un nuevo conformador de haz para la recepción de señales con modulación de saltos frecuenciales "frequency hopping" (FH) basado en el conocimiento de la secuencia de frecuencias utilizada en la modulación denominándose por ello conformador de haz de referencia por código "code reference beamformer" (CRB). Este conformador se divide en dos etapas, cada una de ellas implementa uno de los factores del vector de enfoque óptimo; es decir, la primera etapa es igual a la inversa de la matriz de covarianza de ruido más interferencias y la segunda es igual al vector de dirección de la señal deseada. La obtención de estas etapas es posible gracias a la predicción del escenario que se tendrá durante el salto siguiente, la cual puede realizarse simultáneamente a la recepción gracias al conocimiento de la secuencia frecuencial.
El sistema receptor se compone de dos procesadores: el procesador anticipado que se dedica a la estimación de la matriz de covarianza de ruido más interferencias presentes en la banda frecuencial del siguiente salto y el procesador directo que es el encargado de la conformación de haz. Finalmente se propone la extensión de crb a un conformador de haz autocalibrado de aplicación general que no requiere referencia alguna, ni temporal ni espacial.
Contribución al diseño de la arquitectura de red para la integración de servicios de paquetes de datos en el sistema UMTS
Authors:   , Umbert Juliana Anna
Published: October 2023

Els sistemes de comunicacions mòbils de segona generació (2G) estan dirigits a donar servei de veu amb una qualitat acceptable. L'evolució de les necessitats dels usuaris cap a aplicacions multimedia fa necessari incorporar els serveis oferts per Internet als futurs sistemes de comunicacions mòbils de tercera generació (3G). La majoria d'aquests nous serveis estan orientats a transmissió de paquets, pel que es més eficient dissenyar un sistema basat en commutació de paquets que incorporar-los amb la commutació de circuits.

Aquesta Tesi Doctoral és una contribució al disseny de l'arquitectura de xarxa per la integració de serveis de paquets de dades en el sistema UMTS, nom que rep el sistema de comunicacions mòbils de 3G a Europa. Per això s'ha reproduït l'accés ràdio de l'UMTS fins a la capa d'enllaç amb l'objectiu d'avaluar el seu impacte en les capes superiors.

En una primera fase de la tesi es van estudiar i analitzar les característiques bàsiques del sistema UMTS i es va fixar com a punt de partida, el mode FDD (Frequency-Division Duplex). Aquest mode es basa en la tècnica d'accés WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access).

En una segona fase es va construir un emulador del canal ràdio i la capa física basat en Models Ocults de Markov (HMM: Hidden Markov Model).

En una tercera fase es va construir un simulador de la capa d'enllaç: MAC, RLC i PDCP, per la xarxa terrestre d'accés ràdio del UMTS (UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network). Aquest simulador pot configurar-se per reproduir qualsevol dels tres modes d'operació definits pel RLC, el protocol de compressió de capçaleres ROCH (Robust Header Compresión) o IPHC (IP Header Compression), i molts altres paràmetres.

En una quarta fase es van integrar aquests dos blocs (emulador del canal ràdio i la capa física, i simulador de la capa d'enllaç) i es va construir així un emulador de la xarxa d'accés ràdio del UMTS, anomenat URAE (UMT).
Análisis y Optimización de Circuitos Autónomos Mediante Técnicas Temporales Discretas
Authors:   , Palà Schönwälder Pere
Published: October 2023

En esta tesis, las ecuaciones de equilibrio de circuitos no lineales autónomos se plantean discretizando el circuito mediante transformaciones de plano S a plano Z.

Tras imponer la periodicidad de las variables resulta una formulación matricial no lineal, planteada íntegramente en el dominio temporal. Se descubre la relación de las ecuaciones así planteadas con las que resultan aplicando el método de balance armónico. Asimismo, se desarrollan expresiones analíticas para el cálculo de las derivadas parciales de las ecuaciones respecto a las muestras de las variables, respecto al periodo de oscilación y respecto a los elementos de circuito, mediante las cuales se construye en método eficaz para el análisis y la optimización de circuitos no lineales autónomos. Por otro lado, para la resolución del sistema de ecuaciones no lineales resultante con independencia de la estimación inicial, se implementan distintos métodos globalmente convergentes, entre los que figura un algoritmo basado en la difusión simulada.
Criterios de teoría de la información en procesado adaptativo de la señal y aplicaciones
Authors:   , Sala Álvarez José
Published: October 2023

En esta tesis hemos querido básicamente considerar el diseño de funciones de coste para adaptación ciega en un amplio margen de aplicaciones en el ámbito de las comunicaciones digitales, tomando en consideración los siguientes problemas de recuperación de señales:

Ecualización, recorrelación y conformación de haz.

Introducimos un criterio de diseño para algoritmos ciegos, así como dos funciones de coste que implementan dicho criterio.

El diseño de funciones de coste para los problemas anteriores se consigue mediante aplicación de los criterios de referencia espacial y referencia temporal, normalmente, de tipo error cuadrático medio. La idea motriz de esta tesis consiste en añadir un tercer criterio a los dos anteriormente citados: el criterio de referencia estadística, aplicable a algoritmos de adaptación ciega. Es decir, en la recuperación de señales tomamos como referencia la distribución de probabilidad de la señal que deseamos recuperar, que suponemos, naturalmente, conocida. Este criterio es especialmente robusto en el caso de conformación adaptativa de haz donde deseamos recuperar una señal de una determinada estadística de entre todas las incidencias en el array.

Incluso, la recuperación es posible en presencia de interferencias más potentes que la misma señal deseada.

Otro ejemplo como el de recorrelación de señales CDMA, presenta un cariz algo distinto. En este caso las señales de todos los usuarios tienen la misma estadística. Por lo tanto debemos utilizar un criterio de referencia estadística que utilice información sobre la función de densidad de probabilidad conjunta de todos los usuarios.

Análogamente a los criterios de referencia temporal, se introduce el concepto de función de regeneración de datos. La ausencia de una referencia en algoritmos ciegos se resuelve entonces mediante una función no lineal, que al aplicarla a la señal de salida del sistema adaptativo regenera una referencia.

This thesis considers a design criterion for cost functions in adaptive signal processing, in order to enforce a target probability density function at the output of an adaptive system. This philosophy is named Statistical Reference, in contrast to temporal and spatial reference methods used in array processing. The Kullback-Leibler distance between probability density functions contitutes the theoretical basis to achieve the so-called "distribution matching".
Applications are considered in the field of digital communications: blind cannel equalization and array processing
Anàlisi de discontinuïtats finline
Authors:   , Barlabe Dalmau Antoni
Published: October 2023

En esta tesis se han desarrollado los siguientes métodos numéricos para el análisis de estructuras planares, especialmente finline, en la banda de microondas y ondas milimétricas:
-el método de las líneas con discretizacion uniforme y no uniforme.
 -el método de los elementos finitos aplicado al análisis de guías homogéneas e inhomogeneas.
 -el método de la matriz de lineas de transmisión tridimensional.
-el método de la matriz se generalizada para el análisis de estructuras uniformes y discontinuidades planares.
-el método del dominio espectral para el análisis de estructuras planares uniformes.
 -el método del circuito planar con corrección de la dispersión.

Se ha elegido el método de la resonancia transversal generalizado como el mas idóneo para el análisis preciso y rápido de discontinuidades finline con un mínimo de recursos informáticos. Se ha desarrollado incluyendo el carácter singular de los campos en las aristas de la estructura, consiguiéndose minimizar el fenómeno de la convergencia relativa y obteniéndose resultados precisos con expansiones reducidas de las funciones modales que representan los campos, validándose los resultados obtenidos al analizar diversas estructuras con medidas experimentales.
Efectos de la turbulencia atmosférica en la propagación de ondas electromagnéticas
Authors:   , Belmonte Molina Aniceto
Published: October 2023

El trabajo se divide en tres partes: 1) estudio sintético de las técnicas de calculo de los efectos de las fluctuaciones aleatorias del índice de refracción inducidas por la turbulencia atmosférica en la propagación de ondas electromagnéticas a longitudes de onda óptica, aportándose el desarrollo de herramientas numéricas que permiten el calculo de esos efectos para cualquier tipo de proyecto. Destaca el desarrollo de un método de simulación de propagación de haces a través de realizaciones de la atmósfera. 2) estudio experimental mediante el cual se han cotejado las teorías tratadas en la parte anterior. 3) aplicación de los resultados de los apartados 1) y 2) al estudio de las limitaciones impuestas por la propagación a través de un medio turbulento en un sistema de comunicaciones y de las mejoras que impone la utilización de sistemas de recepción multiapertura.
Aplicación del modelado geométrico a problemas de difracción electromagnética
Authors:   , Vall-Llossera Ferran Mercedes Magdalena
Published: October 2023

En esta tesis se estudia el problema de modelado geométrico de objetos arbitrarios para aplicaciones de análisis electromagnético. El objetivo principal ha sido el desarrollo de un proceso completo, lo mas general posible, de modelado, discretización y análisis electromagnético con distintos métodos numéricos y asintóticos. Los modelo de superficies paramétricas seprocesan de la siguiente forma en función del método de análisis:
Elementos de contorno: se discretizan lassuperficies paramétricas en elementos finitossuperficiales.
Elementos finitos: se realiza un malladodel volumen encerrado por las superficies paramétricas.
Gradiente conjugado con fft: la malla volumétrica setransforma en una malla regular.
Métodos de alta frecuencia: se procesa gráficamente una visualización realista del modelo de superficies paramétricas.
Higher-order statistics applications in image sequence processing
Authors:   , Sayrol Clols Elisa
Published: October 2023

Aqueta tesi tracta dues aplicacions dels estadístics d'ordre superior al tractament d'imatges.En primer lloc, es proposa l'ús de mètodes basats en estadístics d'ordre superior per a larestauració d'imatges. Primerament, es consideren imatges degradades per filtres de blurringde fase lineal o zero i soroll Gaussià aditiu. S'examina un segon model de degradació perimatges astronòmiques on el blurring es causat per les turbulències de l'atmosfera i lesaberracions del telescopi. L'estratègia de restauració en amdós casos es basa en el fet de que lafase del senyal original i la dels seus estadístics d'ordre superior no es ditorsionen per lafunció de blurring. Les dificultats associades a combinar senyals de dues dimensions i elsseus estadístics d'ordre superior, es redueixen gràcies a la utilització de la transformada deRadon. La projecció a cada angle de la imatge de dues dimensions és un senyal d'unadimensió que pot ser processada per qualsevol mètode de reconstrucció d'una dimensió. Enaquesta part de la tesi es desenvolupen mètodes que utilitzen el Bicepstrum IterativeReconstruction Algorithm i el Weight Slice Algorithm. Un cop es reconstrueixen lesprojeccions originals, la transformada inversa de Radon ens dóna la imatge restaurada.En la segona part de la tesi es proposa una classe de funcions de cost, basades novament enestadístics d'ordre superior, per estimar el vector de moviment entre imatges consecutivesd'una seqüència. En cas de que les imatges estiguin degradades per soroll Gaussià aditiu decovariancia desconeguda, la utilització d'estadístics d'ordre superior és molt apropiada ja queels cumulants de processos Gaussians són nuls. Per a obtenir estimacions consistents esnecessiten varies realitzacions de la mateixa seqüència, cosa que generalment no és possible.Tanmateix, imatges prèvies de la seqüència on el problema d'estimació del moviment ja s'haresolt, poden ser utilitzades per a obtenir estimacions assimptòticament no esbiaixades. Aixòes possible quan es pot suposar estacionaritat entre les imatges de la seqüència empreades.L'objectiu d'aquesta part del treball d'investigació es l'ús de tècniques basades en estadísticsd'ordre superior que puguin estimar moviment fins i tot per a regions o blocs relativamentpetits. Es defineix també una estimació alternativa quan només es disposa de dues imatges,que supera altres tècniques existents. Finalment es desenvolupa una versió recursiva per casosen què es tingui accés a informació a priori.
Pau-synthetic aperture: a new instrument to test potential improvements for future interferometric radiometers
Authors:   , Ramos Pérez Isaac
Published: October 2023

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is an Earth Explorer Opportunity mission from the European Space Agency (ESA). It was a direct response to the global observations of soil moisture and ocean salinity. Its goal is to produce global of these parameters using a dual-polarization L-band interferometric radiometer the Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS). This instrument is a new polarimetric two-dimensional (2-D) Y-shaped synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer based on the techniques used in radio-astronomy to obtain high resolution avoiding large antenna structures. MIRAS measures remotely the brightness temperature (TB) emitted by the Earth's surface, which is not isotropic, since it depends on the incidence angle and polarization, the Soil Moisture (SM) or the Sea Surface (SSS), the surface roughness etc. among others. The scope of this doctoral thesis is the study of some potential improvements could eventually be implemented in future interferometric radiometers. To validate improvements a ground-based instrument concept demonstrator the Passive Advanced Unit Synthetic Aperture or (PAU-SA) has being designed and implemented. Both MIRAS and PAU-SA are Y-shaped array, but the receiver topology and the processing unit are different. This Ph.D. thesis has been developed in the frame of The European Investigator Awards (EURYI) 2004 project entitled "Passive Advanced Unit (PAU): Hybrid L-band Radiometer, GNSS Refectometer and IR-Radiometer for Passive Sensing of the Ocean", and supported by the European Science Foundation (ESF).
Cross-layer design and optimization of medium access control protocols for wlans
Authors:   , Kartsakli Elli
Published: October 2023

This thesis provides a contribution to the field of Medium Access Control (MAC) layer protocol design for wireless networks by proposing and evaluating mechanisms that enhance different aspects of the network performance. These enhancements are achieved through the exchange of information between different layers of the traditional protocol stack, a concept known as Cross-Layer (CL) design. The main thesis contributions are divided into two parts.
The first part of the thesis introduces a novel MAC layer protocol named Distributed Queuing Collision Avoidance (DQCA). DQCA behaves as a reservation scheme that ensures collision-free data transmissions at the majority of the time and switches automatically to an Aloha-like random access mechanism when the traffic load is low. DQCA can be enriched by more advanced scheduling algorithms based on a CL dialogue between the MAC and other protocol layers, to provide higher throughput and Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees.
The second part of the thesis explores a different challenge in MAC layer design, related to the ability of multiple antenna systems to offer point-to-multipoint communications. Some modifications to the recently approved IEEE 802.11n standard are proposed in order to handle simultaneous multiuser downlink transmissions. A number of multiuser MAC schemes that handle channel access and scheduling issues and provide mechanisms for feedback acquisition have been presented and evaluated. The obtained performance enhancements have been demonstrated with the help of both theoretical analysis and simulation obtained results.
Ocean monitoring using L-Band microwave radiometry and GNSS-R
Authors:   , Valencia Domènech Enric
Published: October 2023

The knowledge of sea surface salinity (SSS) is a key issue to understand and monitor the Earth¿s water cycle. Accurate and systematic measurement of SSS was not possible until the ESA¿s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission was launched in 2009. The SMOS mission uses L-band microwave radiometry to infer SSS from measurements of the ocean¿s emis- sivity. However, the ocean surface emissivity is not only dependent on SSS, but also on sea surface temperature (SST), incidence angle, polarization, and sea surface roughness (i.e. sea-state). While the dependence on most of these parameters is well-known, and can be properly accounted for, the accurate estimation and correction of the sea surface roughness contribution remains a challenge.

The Passive Advanced Unit (PAU) project was born in 2003 with the main objective of studying how to correct ocean L-band brightness temperature for the sea-state effect by using an emerging technology such as reflectome- try of opportunity GNSS signals (GNSS-R). GNSS-R is based on measuring the forward scattered GNSS signals so as to infer geophysical properties of the scattering surface. Particularly, the PAU project proposed to use direct observables from the reflected signal¿s Delay-Doppler Map (DDM) to parame- terize sea surface roughness, and link those observables to the brightness tem- perature variations induced by sea-state, without using scattering/emissivity models. In this line, prior work was performed by J.F. Marchan-Hernandez in his PhD. Thesis (UPC, Barcelona, 2009). In that work, a first version of the PAU GNSS-R receiver was developed, and first experimental results were obtained that supported the hypothesis that direct GNSS-R observables can be used to describe sea-state.

This PhD. Thesis follows on that research, and steps into the use of GNSS- R observables for estimation of the sea-state contribution to the ocean L-band brightness temperature. The work presented here was undertaken between 2008 and 2012, and comprises contributions to three main fields: GNSS-R hardware development, experimental results, and theoretical studies. Firstly, the PAU GNSS-R instrument was re-designed and re-implemented for im- proved sensitivity and stability. Secondly, results from ground-based and airborne experiments were obtained, that prove the hypothesis that GNSS-R observables can be used to successfully correct L-band brightness tempera- ture for the sea-state effect, resulting in an improvement in the SSS retrieval accuracy. Finally, theoretical studies to foresee the performance of the PAU concept in a future spaceborne mission were conducted, along with the de- velopment of a new technique to obtain ocean surface scattering coefficient images from measured DDMs.
Radio frequency interference in microwave radiometry: statistical analysis and study of techniques for detection and mitigation
Authors:   , Tarongí Bauzá José Miguel
Published: October 2023

Microwave radiometry field has been increasing its performance with higher accuracy measurements, leading to a more
presence in the remote sensing field. Several space-borne, air-borne and ground-based radiometers have been developed to
perform measurement campaigns; however, the actual sensitivity of a radiometer is often limited by man-made radio emissions
such as radars, broadcasting emissions, wireless communications and many other communication systems based on
electromagnetic waves, limiting the improvement in the radiometers¿ performance. Consequently, in order to maintain the
accuracy in the radiometric measurements, it has been researched in the Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) detection and
mitigation systems and algorithms for the microwave radiometry field.
The scope of this doctoral thesis is the development and testing of RFI detection and mitigation algorithms in order to enhance
radiometric measurements performed by the Multifequency Experimental Radiometer with Interference Tracking for
Experiments over Land and Littoral (MERITXELL). The MERITXELL has been developed during this thesis with the idea
studying the RFI present in several radiometric bands and the way to mitigate it, as well as to obtain data from diverse
frequency bands and devices in only one measurement campaign.
Contributions to ionospheric determination with global positioning system: solar flare detection and prediction of global maps of total electron content
Authors:   , García Rigo Alberto
Published: October 2023

Two research studies have been addressed in this thesis. Both of them are of actual scientific interest and are based on processing GNSS data. The first part of this thesis is devoted to GNSS detection and monitoring of solar flares. The second one is devoted to GNSS prediction of ionospheric Total Electron Content.
Regarding the first study, a new solar flare detector called SISTED has been designed and implemented. Its goal is to provide a simple and efficient way of detecting the most number of powerful X-class solar flares in real time operation. In addition, it can send early warning messages to prevent the harmful consequences of the increase of ejected particles from the Sun that may reach the Earth after a solar flare, especially in case of a Coronal Mass Ejection. The main benefit of SISTED regarding other detection techniques is that it does not require data from external providers out of the GNSS community. In addition, it can run in real-time operation and could provide value added data to GNSS users. The results show that SISTED was able to detect up to the 95% of the X-class flares reported by GOES for more than a half solar cycle.
Regarding the second study, a new approach to predict Global Ionospheric vertical TEC Maps has been designed and implemented in the context of the IGS Ionosphere Working Group. The motivation to develop a UPC Predicted product was the interest of ESA's SMOS mission. A recent application using UPC Predicted products is the generation of real-time global VTEC maps as background model. In addition, the predicted VTEC maps are used to generate the combined IGS Predicted products. The results obtained in this thesis show that the model performs well when the results are compared with those obtained by the other IGS analysis centers. In addition, applying the prediction model leads to better results than the use of time-invariant ionosphere for two days ahead.
In relation with this research, 4 publications in international journals indexed in JCR/ISI have been generated (and another one is under review process), and 7 presentations have been authored in international meetings, among the new UPC predicted product contributing to IGS, and the contribution to two competitive projects funded by the European Space Agency (AGIM and MONITOR).
Ground plane booster antenna technology for wireless handheld devices
Authors:   , Andújar Linares Aurora
Published: October 2023

This thesis is framed in the field of mobile communications and more particularly in handset antennas. The wireless industry is constantly growing, which entails challenging handset antenna specifications. Handset antennas not only have to be multi-band for satisfying the great number of communication services, but also sufficiently small as for fitting in the reduced space imposed by the handset platforms. The appearance of the MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology, further exacerbates these challenges. In order to satisfy these requirements, this thesis proposes the use of the ground plane, inherently present in any handset platform, as the main radiator. Electrically small nonresonant elements, called along this thesis as ground plane boosters, are used to transfer energy to this ground plane. The solution removes the need of including a dedicated antenna featured by considerable
dimensions, thus releasing space to integrate other antennas, as well as, other handset components, services and functionalities.
Design of isofrequency reconfigurable repeaters
Authors:   , Díaz Tapia Edgar
Published: October 2023

The advances in the communications systems has brought new requirements and challenges in terms of compactness and efficient systems that looking for increase the signal coverage area. The reconfigurable antennas are a promising solution for the communication systems when looking to improve the channel capacity and/or to extend the signal coverage. The main advantages of the reconfigurable antennas are the capabilities to change their frequency, polarization and radiation beam steering at a low cost. The reconfigurable antennas can be designed to operate in a determined changing environment keeping good electromagnetic characteristics. The design of reconfigurable RF repeaters is a relevant application of this reconfigurable antenna principle.
This thesis is devoted to study and propose new repeater architectures in which a set of reconfigurable parasitic elements as part of the repeater are used for reducing the electromagnetic coupling between the Rx and Tx antennas. It is shown that the use of the parasitic elements as a reconfigurable mechanism gives the flexibility to adapt the repeater electromagnetic characteristics to changing environments while keeping a good system performance. The determination of the minimum number of parasitic elements is an important parameter and it is determined by a modal analysis to define the minimum number of parasitic elements able to fulfill specific repeater electromagnetic characteristics. In order to validate the analytical results, different reconfigurable repeater prototypes controlled electronically are manufactured. A reconfigurable repeater prototype that is using eight reconfigurable parasitic elements has been designed for operating at different scatterer environments. The repeater reconfigurable capabilities are studied to evaluate the repeater performance in realistic indoor locations. Finally, in order to obtain a repeater with reconfigurable frequency isolation capabilities between the Rx and Tx antennas over a wide frequency range, a repeater prototype based on a pixeled layer as reconfigurable mechanism has been designed and measured.