bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GIRD-I BEGUM – REPORT ON THE 2022 EXCAVATIONS
Authors: Pollock Susan , Bernbeck Reinhard , Rol Nolwen , D’Anna M. Bianca , Hama Gharib Hussein , Abai Clara , Eger Jana , Schönberg J. Lennard , Tolay Malinda , Wolff-Heger Lisa
Published: January 2025

In the summer of 2022, renewed excavations were conducted at the site of Gird-i Begum in the Shahrizor Plain, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The project aims to examine patterns of mobility, exchange, and resource acquisition practiced by the inhabitants of Gird-i Begum over time. To do so we re-examine the stratigraphic sequence, with a focus on continuities and breaks in site occupation. While the earliest occupation of the site dates to the Halaf period, with limited occupation traces attested during the Ubaid period, the settlement appears to have reached its largest extent during the Late Chalcolithic, which was one of the main foci of this year’s investigations. Our excavations confirmed the presence of Late Chalcolithic levels on the Upper Mound, with an analysis of the pottery as well as 14C dates indicating a chronological span from LC 3 to early LC 4. Work on the Lower Mound brought to light a substantial and previously undocumented Early Bronze Age occupation phase in the early third millennium B.C.E. The massive presence of snails characterizing layers of both periods additionally raised intriguing questions about subsistence strategies and potential crisis at the site.
Do losses trigger deliberative reasoning?
Authors: Carpenter Jeffrey , Munro David
Published: January 2025

There is a large literature evaluating the dual process model of cognition, including the biases and heuristics it implies. However, our understanding of what causes effortful thinking remains incomplete. To advance this literature, we focus on what triggers decision-makers to switch from the intuitive process (System 1) to the more deliberative process (System 2). We examine how the framing of incentives (gains versus losses) influences decision processing. To evaluate this, we design experiments based on a task developed to distinguish between intuitive and deliberative thinking. Replicating previous research, we find that losses elicit more cognitive effort. Most importantly, we also find that losses differentially reduce the incidence of intuitive answers, consistent with triggering a shift between these modes of cognition. We find substantial heterogeneity in these effects, with young men being much more responsive to the loss framing. To complement these findings, we provide robustness tests of our results using aggregated data, the imposition of a constraint to hinder the activation of System 2, and an analysis of incorrect, but unintuitive, answers to inform hybrid models of choice.
Sign language vitality through the lens of a pioneering interactive Atlas: a first look at the sociolinguistic profile data collected by the Sign Hub project
Authors: Webster Jenny , Hosemann Jana
Published: January 2025

To investigate the under-researched topic of sign language vitality, the authors evaluate a set of sociolinguistic data gathered as part of the Sign Hub project. The subproject Atlas aimed to create an interactive online tool for researchers, teachers, and interpreters to compare sign languages’ sociolinguistic, grammatical, lexical, and phonological features. This paper presents an analysis of ten sign languages, i.e. the first batch of socio-historical data submitted to the subproject. The authors find that nearly all of them have been subjected to oppression, and their documentation is limited. Their vitality is supported by good awareness among the hearing community and use within educational institutions, national deaf associations and local deaf clubs. Vitality is threatened by low provision of sign language media and a lack of interpreter training. The paper concludes that the Atlas has considerable utility in research on sign language vitality, which may be augmented by adding further diachronic components.
The effects of Garcinia cambogia on glycaemic control and liver enzymes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Tavakoli Sogand , Amini Mohammad Reza , Rabiee Reyhaneh , Salavatizadeh Marieh , Afsharianfar Mostafa , Askarpour Moein , Hekmatdoost Azita
Published: January 2025

Previous studies have assessed how supplementing with Garcinia cambogia affects glycaemic control and liver enzyme levels; nevertheless, the results were not consistent. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of Garcinia cambogia on glycaemic control and liver enzymes through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were conducted from the beginning through February 2023, using online databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library). Trials examining the impact of Garcinia cambogia on serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum level of insulin, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) in adults were included. The overall estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. This meta-analysis includes nine publications with 444 participants. The results showed that Garcinia cambogia has no significant effect on FBS (weighted mean difference (WMD): 1.02 mg/dl, 95% CI: −1.29, 3.33), insulin (WMD: −0.12 mU/L, 95% CI: −1.50, 1.25), AST (Hedges’ g: −0.08, 95% CI: −0.43, 0.26), and ALT (Hedges’ g: 0.27, 95% CI: −0.20, 0.73). Subgroup analysis showed that Garcinia cambogia significantly increased insulin levels in females and also increased insulin and FBS levels in those with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Nevertheless, the administration of Garcinia cambogia for more than 8 weeks significantly decreased insulin levels. This meta-analysis showed that supplementation with Garcinia cambogia has no significant effect on FBS, insulin, ALT, or AST levels compared with control groups; however, it seems that increasing the duration of the intervention may have a decreasing effect on insulin levels.
Arqueología de paisajes emergentes: Historia ocupacional y formacional de Cerro de los Gatos (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina)
Authors: Borrazzo Karen , L'Heureux G. Lorena , Luna Leandro , Aranda Claudia , Samec Celeste , Ozán Ivana L. , Manini Jesica , Pizzi Ornella , Balirán Catalina , Borrero Luis A.
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo aborda el estudio de la localidad arqueológica Cerro de los Gatos (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), emplazada en un sector formado luego de la transgresión marina del Holoceno medio. Se exploran las transformaciones naturales y culturales del paisaje a nivel local y regional. Los aspectos presentados y evaluados aquí incluyen (1) tafonomía y evolución geomorfológica de loci diferentes, (2) disponibilidad de recursos y ecología isotópica, (3) tecnología lítica y ósea, (4) registro bioarqueológico humano y faunístico, y (5) cronología y reconstrucción paleoambiental del paisaje costero. Nuestra investigación sugiere que el registro de las ocupaciones humanas y el devenir de los paisajes naturales y culturales de la Bahía San Sebastián son el resultado combinado de la segregación espacial de las actividades (de subsistencia, tecnológicas, rituales) y sus trayectorias tafonómicas durante el Holoceno tardío.
Primeras evidencias de cultivo europeo en el sitio Pueblo Guayascate 1 (Córdoba, Argentina): Siglos dieciséis y diecisiete
Authors: López M. Laura , Grana Romina , Vrydaghs Luc , Chevalier Alexandre
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo presentamos la primera evidencia de cultivo de Triticeae (trigo y/o cebada) en una parcela arqueológica del sitio Pueblo Guayascate 1, emplazado en la actual provincia de Córdoba, centro de Argentina. La presencia de especies euroasiáticas tras la instauración del orden colonial ibérico en el actual territorio argentino ha sido referenciada por la documentación escrita de los siglos dieciséis y diecisiete y corroborada por los análisis de restos arqueológicos macro y microbotánicos. Guayascate fue parte de una encomienda —y luego de una merced de tierras— que le fue otorgada a los españoles a finales del siglo dieciséis. Esto implicó no sólo la presencia de mano de obra de los antiguos habitantes del lugar, sino también la ocupación de sus tierras, lo cual es signo de contacto y co-existencia entre españoles y nativos. Los análisis de microrrestos botánicos silicios al sedimento de una parcela en momentos de contacto y ocupación, evidencian el cultivo de trigo y/o cebada en asociación con maíz. Este hallazgo nos permite arriesgar algunas conjeturas sobre la producción y el consumo de alimentos de estos grupos, como también avanzar en el conocimiento sobre los cambios y continuidades en la cultura alimenticia acaecidos tras la instauración del sistema colonial.
The legacy of Airey v Ireland: family law distortion of civil legal aid
Authors: MacLachlan Lara , Harding Maebh
Published: January 2025

The Irish Civil Legal Aid Act 1995 allows a broad approach to civil legal aid, but cultural legacies distort civil legal aid towards legal remedies on marital breakdown. The genesis of the symbiotic relationship between civil legal aid and family law is explored through in-depth examination of archival materials related to Airey v Ireland, while modern day qualitative interviews with Legal Aid Board workers investigate how entrenched this distortion towards marital breakdown remains and how it manifests. This Irish experience demonstrates the need to consider how legal aid is dependent on and informed by other substantive areas of law, and the potential for certain legal areas to dominate, distorting national legal aid provision and discourse.
The effects of seven-strain probiotic supplementation on cell adhesion molecules, oxidative stress, and antioxidant parameters in patients with traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Noshadi Nooshin , Sabet Seyedeh Sana , Sanaie Sarvin , Mahmoodpoor Ata , Tutunchi Helda , Naghshi Sina , Arefhosseini Seyed Rafie , Ebrahimi-Mameghani Mehrangiz
Published: January 2025

The therapeutic effects of probiotics in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on cell adhesion molecules, oxidative stress, and antioxidant parameters in TBI patients. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 46 TBI patients who were randomly assigned to receive either a probiotic supplement (n = 23) or a placebo (n = 23) for 14 days. The probiotic capsule contained four strains of Lactobacillus (L. casei, L. bulgaricus, L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus), two strains of Bifidobacterium (B. longum, B. breve), and Streptococcus thermophilus. Serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, pro-oxidant antioxidant balance (PAB), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and arylesterase (ARE) activity were measured at the beginning and end of the trial. Dietary intakes of patients were also recorded at the beginning and end of the trial. At the end of the study, there were no significant changes in ICAM-1, VCAM-1, PAB, MDA, NO, TAC, and ARE levels. However, patients who received probiotic supplements had significantly increased dietary intakes of energy, macronutrients, vitamin E, zinc, copper, and selenium compared with the placebo group. This study provides evidence that probiotic supplementation for 14 days in TBI patients has beneficial effects on dietary intake. However, it did not affect serum levels of cell adhesion molecules, oxidative stress, or antioxidant parameters. These findings should be considered preliminary, and further research is needed to evaluate long-term and clinical outcomes.
Axisymmetric predictions for mitigated and vertically unstable disruptions in ITER with runaway electrons
Authors: Bandaru V. , Hoelzl M. , Artola F.J. , Lehnen M. ,   JOREK team
Published: January 2025

We present two-dimensional global simulations of mitigated and vertically unstable disruptions in ITER in the presence of runaway electrons (REs). An elongated plasma in free-boundary equilibrium is subjected to an artificial thermal quench (TQ) and current profile flattening, followed by one or more massive material injections and a RE avalanche. Scenarios of major disruptions as well as upward and downward vertical displacement events are considered. Results provide important insights into the effects of RE formation, post TQ current profile, injection quantities and timings, and impurity flushout on the overall evolution of disruption and the plasma vertical motion thereof. Interplay between the various effects offers scope for potentially beneficial RE mitigation scenarios.
Measuring pro-environmental behavioural determinants using closed-answer surveys
Authors: Doughty Hunter , Thomas-Walters Laura
Published: January 2025

Changing human behaviours is a key facet of addressing global environmental issues. There are many factors (i.e. determinants) that could influence whether an individual engages in pro-environmental behaviour, and understanding these determinants can improve efforts to protect and restore the natural environment. However, despite published criticism of poor survey design, there is little practical guidance on how to capture these determinants accurately in closed-answer surveys (those with predefined answer options). A recent literature review summarized behavioural determinants of pro-environmental behaviour. We build on this by providing practical insights into how 17 key pro-environmental behavioural determinants can be measured through closed-answer surveys. We reviewed 177 papers published during 2013–2023 that met the criteria for inclusion. These papers captured 624 measurements of the 17 determinants. We found seven types of question formats used, including scales (Likert scales, semantic scales and a pictorial scale), multiple-choice questions (where respondents could select either one or more answer options), binary questions and ranking questions. We then synthesized design considerations both specifically for each format and more broadly across surveys. These considerations included using validated measures, reducing cognitive burden and biases (e.g. social desirability bias, order effects, recall bias), selecting the question format (e.g. different formats of multiple-choice or binary questions) and using best practices for scale questions. The insights collected through this review provide practical advice for developing closed-answer surveys that robustly and usefully measure key determinants of pro-environmental behaviour.
Gatekeepers of the Undesired? A systematic review on local housing policy and the settlement of vulnerable groups
Authors: Lidén Gustav , Holmqvist Emma , Jacobsson Joel , Jutvik Kristoffer , Nyhlén Jon
Published: January 2025

A neglected dimension of housing policy is how municipalities use it as a gatekeeping mechanism to exclude vulnerable groups and thereby control their territory. To examine this topic, we apply a systematic review that draws on the international academic literature and utilizes three bibliometric analyses. First, statistical analysis reveals the field’s growth and how it is characterized by publications often combining an impressive set of data and methods. Second, the material is explored through network analysis, emphasizing how a few important journals lead the distribution of knowledge. Finally, a thematic analysis highlights consistency in the detrimental effects of exclusionary policies across different contexts. A distinction between planned excluding practices and policies with such unintended effects are also evident. The analysis underscores the conflict between individual responsibilities and societal obligations, where current policies tend to place substantial burdens on the individual.
How does retirement really affect physical health? A systematic review of longitudinal studies
Authors: Nazar Gabriela , Cabezas María-Francisca , Alcover Carlos-María , Soto-Contreras Elena , Reyes-Molina Daniel , Bustos Claudio , Leiva Ana María
Published: January 2025

Considering the demographic shift towards an ageing population, the financial threats that arise after retirement and the ongoing debates about extending working life, it is crucial to thoroughly understand the impact of retirement on the health of older individuals. This article presents a systematic review conducted according to the standards established by PRISMA statement CINAHL and APA PsycArticles databases by EBSCOhost, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science, for longitudinal studies published between 2013 and 2023. The aim of the review was to synthesise evidence of the effects of retirement on health, for example physical functioning, morbidity or mortality. From 1,757 records, 19 papers were included. Twelve longitudinal studies consistently linked retirement to declining physical function, increased disease prevalence and higher all-cause mortality risk. The evidence did not show a clear conclusion on biomarkers as health outcomes. The article identifies five explanatory mechanisms behind the retirement–health relationship: working conditions, retirement types, financial security, lifestyle changes and social participation. Retirement can have some adverse effects on health; however, the health consequences of withdrawal are likely to vary by pre-retirement factors. These findings carry implications for the current debate of extending working life and the social security system for older people.
“It's Not the Climate, Stupid”: Exploring Nonideal Scenarios for Solar Geoengineering Development
Authors: McLaren Duncan
Published: January 2025

As part of the “Solar Geoengineering: Ethics, Governance, and International Politics” roundtable, this essay examines dilemmas arising in exploring nonideal scenarios of solar geoengineering deployment. Model-based knowledge about solar geoengineering tells us little about possible climatic responses to malicious, self-interested, or competing deployments, and even less about political or cultural responses outside of the climate system. The essay argues that policy for governing solar geoengineering in a world of multiple states and uneven power relations requires a broader base for solar geoengineering knowledge, beyond that offered by modeling, and a better understanding of nonideal scenarios, especially those motivated by logics beyond reducing climate impacts. It highlights the interests of military and security actors in such knowledge, and the potential for it to facilitate securitization and further reduce the prospect of multilateral collaborative governance of geoengineering in the public interest. The essay concludes that further research can be ethically justified but must be comprehensively governed.
Introduction: Russia's War Against Ukraine
Authors: Appel Hilary , Epstein Rachel A.
Published: January 2025

Russia's war against Ukraine has had devastating human consequences and destabilizing geopolitical effects. This roundtable takes up three critical debates in connection with the conflict: Ukraine's potential accession to the European Union; the role of Ukrainian nationalism in advancing democratization; and the degree of human rights accountability, not just for Russia, but also for Ukraine. In addition to challenging conventional wisdom on each of these issues, the contributors to this roundtable make a second, critically important intervention. Each essay explores the problem of concealed political and normative commitments within much of the research on Russia's war against Ukraine by unearthing biases intrinsic to particular conceptualizations. The collection also questions the perceived separation between “interests” and “values” that permeates policy analysis. This roundtable further draws attention to the ethical problems that scholars and policymakers bring to policy debates through the occlusion of their preexisting political commitments. It argues for greater transparency around and awareness of the ways in which values, not just evidence, inform research findings and policy positions.
The Ethics of Human Rights Advocacy in the Ukraine War
Authors: Carpenter Charli
Published: January 2025

Amid Russia's illegal invasion of Ukraine, the human rights community has understandably focused its attention on human rights violations committed by the Russian state. This has, however, left the human rights implications of the martial law Ukraine has put in place for civilians largely unexamined. This essay highlights the ways Ukraine's travel restriction on “battle-aged” civilian men has harmed three overlapping groups—civilian men, the families of the men (including women and children), and trans and nonbinary individuals—and shows that the restriction runs counter to important principles in international human rights and humanitarian law. It then considers the ethical dilemmas faced by the international human rights community in addressing such harms, and the political psychology of rights advocacy that may explain the tendency to underplay this particular set of human rights issues. Nonetheless, the essay ultimately argues that advocates should hold actors—including and perhaps especially those with which they may sympathize—accountable to the human rights standards to which they have pledged.
Lyme borreliosis awareness and risk perception: a survey in 20 European countries
Authors: Gould L. Hannah , Colby Emily , Pilz Andreas , Brestrich Gordon , Halsby Kate , Kelly Patrick H. , Moisi Jennifer C. , Stark James H.
Published: January 2025

An estimated 129000 cases of Lyme borreliosis (LB) are reported annually in Europe. In 2022, we conducted a representative web-based survey of 28034 persons aged 18–65 years old in 20 European countries to describe tick and LB risk exposures and perceptions. Nearly all respondents (95.0%) were aware of ticks (range, 90.4% in the UK to 98.8% in Estonia). Among those aware of ticks, most (85.1%) were also aware of LB (range, 70.3% in Switzerland to 97.0% in Lithuania). Overall, 8.3% of respondents reported a past LB diagnosis (range, 3.0% in Romania to 13.8% in Sweden). Respondents spent a weekly median of 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 3–14) hours in green spaces at home and 9 (IQR 4–16) hours away from home during April–November. The most common tick prevention measures always or often used were checking for ticks (44.8%) and wearing protective clothing (40.2%). This large multicountry survey provided needed data that can be used to design targeted LB prevention programmes in Europe.
Climate Esoteric Morality and the Problem of Inconsequentialism
Authors: Voiron Ilias , Puumala Mikko M.
Published: January 2025

Climate change is to a large extent a collective action problem, but many believe that individual action is also required. But what if no individual contribution to climate change is necessary nor sufficient to cause climate change-induced harms? This issue is known as the problem of inconsequentialism. It is particularly problematic for act consequentialism because the theory does not seem to judge such inconsequential contributions negatively. In this paper, we apply Henry Sidgwick's idea of esoteric morality to climate change and assess whether what we call a climate esoteric morality could help to deal with the problem of inconsequentialism from an act consequentialist perspective. Consequentialists ought then to promote what we call nonconsequentialist faux principles; exaggerate existing consequentialist principles that pro tanto forbid contributing to climate change whenever strictly consequentialist principles fail to do so; and refrain from criticising nonconsequentialist principles that forbid contributing to climate change.
‘If ur from Toronto you’ll understand’: register change and metadiscursive engagement with mediatized Multicultural Toronto English
Authors: DENIS DEREK , ELANGO VIDHYA
Published: January 2025

Multicultural Toronto English (MTE) is a register found in Toronto, Canada, associated with racialized youth. The ongoing enregisterment of MTE takes place, in part, through metadiscourse on social media, which disseminates the register to a wider audience. This article examines online metadiscursive engagement with representations of MTE. We consider how audiences take up, receive and recontextualize MTE through metadiscourse across grassroots and institutional media platforms. We argue that audience engagement with pop-cultural representations of language is a critical driving force of enregisterment and register change.
Synergistic grasp analysis: A cross-sectional exploration using a multi-sensory data glove
Authors: Pratap Subhash , Ito Kazuaki , Hazarika Shyamanta M.
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates hand grasping, a fundamental activity in daily living, by examining the forces and postures involved in the lift-and-hold phases of grasping. We introduce a novel multi-sensory data glove, integrated with resistive flex sensors and capacitive force sensors, to measure the intricate dynamics of hand movement. The study engaged five subjects to capture a comprehensive dataset that includes contact forces at the fingertips and joint angles, furnishing a detailed portrayal of grasp mechanics. Focusing on grasp synergies, our analysis delved into the quantitative relationships between the correlated forces among the fingers. By manipulating one variable at a time—either the object or the subject—our cross-sectional approach yields rich insights into the nature of grasp forces and angles. The correlation coefficients for finger pairs presented median values ranging from 0.5 to nearly 0.9, indicating varying degrees of inter-finger coordination, with the thumb-index and index-middle pairs exhibiting particularly high synergy. The findings, depicted through spider charts and correlation coefficients, reveal significant patterns of cooperative finger behavior. These insights are crucial for the advancement of hand mechanics understanding and have profound implications for the development of assistive technologies and rehabilitation devices.
Exploring Potential Gender Disparities in Trochee-Based Reading Assessmentof First-Graders
Authors: Schöfl Martin , Steinmair Gabriele , Zepnik Sabine , Gnambs Timo
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Background: Reading difficulties can have significant adverse effects throughout life. This study investigated a new instrument focusing on reading words with open- and closed-stressed syllables – key components of German graphematic structure. We aimed to determine whether first-graders read trochees with open-stressed syllables more quickly and accurately than those with closed-stressed syllables, and whether marked closed syllables (double consonants) are easier to understand than unmarked ones. Additionally, this work examined the reliability of trochee-based assessment and potential gender differences in reading abilities. Methods: We recruited 524 children from 33 first-grade classes in 14 Austrian primary schools to undertake a silent reading fluency test that analyzed their reading performance. Results: The results showed that children were more proficient in reading trochees with open-stressed syllables, and that marked closed syllables were more comprehensible than unmarked closed syllables. We found no significant gender differences in reading proficiency. Discussion: These findings emphasize the importance of word-reading instruction that differentiates based on graphematic structure rather than gender. This study advocates for a structured approach to reading instruction that starts with open-stressed syllables and progresses to more complex forms to ensure a strong foundation for future reading development.
From InSAR‐Derived Subsidence to Relative Sea‐Level Rise—A Call for Rigor
Authors: Minderhoud P. S. J. , Shirzaei M. , Teatini P.
Published: January 2025

Coastal subsidence, the gradual sinking of coastal land, considerably exacerbates the impacts of climate change‐driven sea‐level rise (SLR). While global sea levels rise, land subsidence often increases relative SLR locally. Thiéblemont et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004523) reached a remarkable milestone by providing a continental‐scale estimate of vertical land motion (VLM) across European coastal zones by utilizing European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) data, obtained from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data from Sentinel‐1 satellites. Their findings reveal widespread coastal subsidence, with nearly half of the coastal floodplains, including major cities and ports, subsiding at rates exceeding 1 mm/yr, thereby exacerbating relative SLR. The study emphasizes the critical role of InSAR‐data calibration, indicating that the EGMS geodetic reference frame significantly influences VLM estimates. This study highlights the need for a robust InSAR‐data processing framework to accurately interpret VLM and its relationship to relative SLR. The processing pipeline should ensure internal consistency of SAR data and rigorously assess output accuracy, considering also post‐processing effects. Correct interpretation of results is essential as InSAR satellites measure reflector movement, which may not always align with land surface movement, particularly in urban areas. Ignoring these discrepancies can lead to underestimation of subsidence rates. While InSAR data offers valuable research opportunities, it poses risks of oversimplification and misinterpretation, especially when linked to sea‐level change. We call for standardized processing workflows and cross‐disciplinary collaboration, essential for accurate VLM interpretations, particularly in coastal cities and river deltas, to ultimately enhance the reliability of relative SLR projections and inform effective coastal management strategies.
Coral bleaching and mortality overestimated in projections based on Degree Heating Months
Authors: Mason Robert A. B. , Bozec Yves-Marie , Mumby Peter J.
Published: January 2025

Influential projections of coral reef futures have used Degree Heating Months—a monthly reformulation of the well-validated Degree Heating Weeks index. Here we show that heat stress predictions using the 2 metrics differ substantially, with 33–1,584% additional bleaching predicted under many climate models when using Degree Heating Months. Coral cover projections for 2030–2050 differ by a factor of 2 between the 2 metrics, reducing the credibility of forecasts that use Degree Heating Months as it is currently applied.
Natural variations of adolescent neurogenesis and anxiety predict the hierarchical status of adult inbred mice
Authors: Grieco Fabio , Balla Atik , Larrieu Thomas , Toni Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Hierarchy provides a survival advantage to social animals in challenging circumstances. In mice, social dominance is associated with trait anxiety which is regulated by adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we test whether adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis may regulate social dominance behavior in adulthood. We observe that adolescent individuals with higher trait anxiety and lower levels of hippocampal neurogenesis prior to the formation of a new group become dominants, suggesting that baseline adolescent neurogenesis predicts hierarchical status. This phenotype persists beyond social hierarchy stabilization. Experimentally reducing neurogenesis prior to the stabilization of social hierarchy in group-housed adolescent males increases the probability of mice to become dominant and increases anxiety. Finally, when innate dominance is assessed in socially isolated and anxiety-matched animals, mice with impaired neurogenesis display a dominant status toward strangers. Together, these results indicate that adolescent neurogenesis predicts and regulates hierarchical and situational dominance behavior along with anxiety-related behavior. These results provide a framework to study the mechanisms underlying social hierarchy and the dysregulation of dominance behavior in psychiatric diseases related to anxiety.
Spontaneous adsorption of iridium chloride complex on oxychloride photocatalysts provides efficient and durable reaction site for water oxidation
Authors: Suzuki Hajime , Minamimoto Kengo , Ishii Yusuke , Furuta Yudai , Tomita Osamu , Nakada Akinobu , Nozawa Shunsuke , Abe Ryu
Published: January 2025

Visible-light-driven O2 evolution on oxychloride photocatalysts was significantly enhanced by stirring in an aqueous solution containing IrCl63− in the dark.
Copper-boosted thiol-functionalized carbon nanospheres from biomass: a novel non-noble metal based recoverable catalyst for efficient nitro-to-amine reduction
Authors: Shetty Apoorva , Bag Braja Gopal , Sirimahachai Uraiwan , Hegde Gurumurthy
Published: January 2025

Thiol-functionalized copper-deposited porous carbon derived from dry oil palm leaves (Cu/TF-CNS) as a heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds.
Experimental study on sulfur poisoning characteristics of Cu-SSZ-13 SCR catalyst under diesel vehicle multivalent sulfur-containing exhaust atmosphere
Authors: Yao Dongwei , Hu Jiadong , Zhang Yihe , Hu Xiaohan , He Haibin , Jin Weiyang , Wu Jie , Wu Feng
Published: January 2025

The amount of sulfate produced by SO3 poisoning was significantly increased compared to SO2 poisoning. Low-temperature sulfur poisoning and the presence of SO3 resulted in a significant reduction in the number of active sites.
Cadmium-rich intermetallic phases ARh2Cd20 – structure, magnetic behavior, 151Eu Mössbauer and 113Cd solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Schumacher Lars , Schreiner Florian , Koldemir Aylin , Janka Oliver , Hansen Michael Ryan , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: January 2025

The cadmium-rich RERh2Cd20 phases form with the whole series of rare earth elements. EuRh2Cd20 and YbRh2Cd20 exhibit stable divalent ground states.
Recent advances in designable nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for environmental heavy-metal detection
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Lijun , Wang Chunqiong , Liu Qian , Chen Wen-Tong , Gao Sanshuang , Hu Guangzhi
Published: January 2025

Schematic of functional materials for electrochemical sensors, showcasing MWCNTs, CNFs, GO, Pd, Pt, Ni, Fe, Co, COFs, MOFs for detecting heavy metal ions (Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Cu, Cr, As) in complex environments with high sensitivity and reliability.
Facet-controlled electrosynthesis of nanoparticles by combinatorial screening in scanning electrochemical cell microscopy
Authors: Lee Heekwon , Muñoz-Castañeda Jesús Alberto , Ren Hang
Published: January 2025

SECCM allows screening of facet-controlled electrodeposition of nanoparticles.
Efficient photocatalytic reactors via 3D printing: SLA fabrication and TiO2 hybrid materials
Authors: Barbosa Isabel S. O. , Manrique Yaidelin A. , Paiva Diana , Faria Joaquim L. , Santos Ricardo J. , Silva Cláudia G.
Published: January 2025

Additive Manufacturing using SLA was used to create 3D-printed photocatalytic reactors with TiO2-P25, achieving efficient RhB degradation. This approach offers a cost-effective, rapid method for immobilizing photocatalysts for several applications.
Selective extraction process of scandium from nickel laterite waste through hydrometallurgy
Authors: Chen Yumeng , Wu Huiming , Xu Biaogang , Zhang Wenjie
Published: January 2025

Sc extraction from iron and aluminum waste is a promising technique. High-purity Sc2O3 can be obtained through solution, extraction, precipitation and roasting, and the product was identified as a complex salt of Sc through XRD.
Electrocatalyst design strategies towards high performance anion-exchange membrane-based direct ammonia fuel cells
Authors: Kim Ho Young , Kim Jungki , Lee Eunsoo , Choi Hyoryeong , Chun Hyunsoo , Kundu Joyjit , Choi Sang-Il , Lee Kwangyeol , Kim Jin Young
Published: January 2025

Direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs) with anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) are considered a valuable contributor to a carbon-neutral clean energy society, benefitting from the existence of long-established ammonia infrastructure.
Evoking piezo-catalytic activity in SrTiO3 perovskite via lattice strain
Authors: Cai Zhenhua , Liu Zhiyong , Guo Kun , Xie Bing , Ren Pengrong , Sun Haijun , Mao Pu , Wang Zhiguo , Shu Longlong
Published: January 2025

Piezo-catalysis is evoked by introducing lattice strain through oxygen vacancies in the SrTiO3 perovskite. This provides an unsophisticated strategy for realizing piezoelectricity and improving the piezo-catalysis of centrosymmetric materials.
Analysis of solar and wind farm area using technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution
Authors: Ransikarbum Kasin , Aydın Nezir , Janmontree Jettarat , Zadek Hartmut
Published: January 2025

Solar and wind are considered the type of renewable energy source that can power a clean energy revolution especially for the upstream process of the Green Hydrogen Supply Chain (GHSC). The GHSC, in particular, is concerned with the electrolysis technique, in which water and electricity from renewable energy sources like solar and wind are used. In this study, our aim is to assess the strategic location of solar and wind farm area under diverse criteria using a case study in Thailand. In particular, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied, in which criteria data for air temperature, terrain elevation, direct normal irradiation, photovoltaic power, wind speed, and power density relevant to solar and wind efficiency are collected. The TOPSIS technique is used to evaluate alternatives from the district areas using a case study at Ubonratchathani, Thailand. Our results suggest the ranking list for potential district areas to investigate further for projects involving renewable energy investment connected to the GHSC. The obtained results will be further used as input data for our ongoing work on the model and analysis of the GHSC network.
Thermoelectric generator under identical temperature-difference conditions
Authors: Sukhabot Thanadhol , Jiamrittiwong Prayut , Puangngernmak Nutdechatorn
Published: January 2025

Thermoelectric generator (TEG) can directly convert thermal energy to electrical energy using the Seebeck effect. The voltage output of a TEG is a direct variation to the temperature difference between its hot and cold sides, but the impact of temperature distribution on power output is not fully understood. This study evaluated the effect of TEG power output under identical temperature-difference conditions, focusing on the hot and cold side effects. TEG systems with different heating and cooling source temperatures are operated under identical temperature-differences. The system with a higher temperature gradient at the hot side HTR exhibits better performance than the system with a lower temperature gradient at the hot side LTR. The results show that the power output, voltage output, and current output of both conditions differ by 5.85%, 2.71%, and 3.15%, respectively. This difference is attributed to reduced charge carrier mobility due to temperature gradients between the hot and cold sides. The HTR condition promotable for operating a thermoelectric power generator system, the system is turned on frequently.
Pasting profiles and gel properties of rice flour blended with native, cross-linked, and acetylated tapioca starch
Authors: Wongkhueng Kanyapat , Thumthanaruk Benjawan , Wandee Yuree , Lamsal Buddhi , Rungsardthong Vilai
Published: January 2025

The pasting properties of rice starch can be improved by blending it with native or modified starch. This research investigated the pasting profiles and gel properties of rice flour (RF) blended at different concentrations with tapioca starch (TS), lowand highdegrees of crosslinked starch (LCL and HCL), and lowand highdegrees of substitution of acetylated starch (LAC and HAC). The results showed that substituting RF with both native and modified starches tended to decrease the pasting temperature of the flour blends. The increase in HCL in flour blends resulted in a higher pasting temperature, final viscosity, and setback. At the same time, adding LAC and HAC did not affect the pasting temperature, but a significantly decreased final viscosity was observed. RF-HCL10 and RF-HAC10 exhibited significantly higher swelling power than RF alone. Blending RF with HCL at 5, and 10% by weight could improve the freeze-thaw stability of the gels made from each blend. The information obtained herein is useful for the prediction of product properties that are rich in starch.
Utilization of bark extract of Phyllanthus emblica as a sustainable corrosion inhibitor to reinforced concrete infrastructures in aggressive environments
Authors: Gautam Madhab , Subedi Dhruba B. , Dhungana Jivan R. , Bhattarai Nootan P. , Bhattarai Jagadeesh
Published: January 2025

Reinforced concrete (ReC) infrastructures are used widely in construction due to their durability and strength. However, the premature corrosion of reinforced concrete (ReC) infrastructures poses a significant global problem. Sustainable corrosion inhibitors from plant extracts offer a promising solution for mitigating reinforced concrete corrosion (ReCC). This study examines the anti-corrosive effects of bark extract of the Phyllanthus emblica (BEPE) tree as a concrete additive in aggressive environments. Fifteen rectangular ReC beams were exposed in simulated industrial and marine environments and ambient atmospheric conditions using concrete composite (CC) with and without different concentrations of BEPE (500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 4000 ppm). The electrochemical analysis of the reinforced-mild steel (ReMS) rod involved measuring electrochemical corrosion potential (ϕEcor) and electrochemical resistivity (RE), according to ASTM C876-91 standards for seven months. The phytochemical screening, UV-visible, and FT-IR spectroscopic analyses confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites in BEPE, which create a protective layer on the steel surface, reducing corrosion of the ReMS rod. Higher concentrations of BEPE demonstrated better corrosion inhibition in all environments, with shifts of ϕEcor to more positive than -126 mV and RE to more than 20 KΩ.cm value, indicating reduced corrosion of the ReMS rod in CC exposing in three different environments (i.e., normal, industrial and marine). Optical image analysis of the ReMS supported the electrochemical findings. This research could pave the way for developing new, environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for concrete additives.
Utilization of asphalt waste Dust and fly ash for sustainable mortar
Authors: Ayawanna Jiratchaya , Kingnoi Namthip , Sertsoongnern Pimchanok , Chaiyaput Salisa
Published: January 2025

This study presents a utilization of asphalt waste dust (AD) as a filler material to replace sand in a mortar. Moreover, fly ash (FA) is utilized as an additive of pozzolanic material. The compressive strength and microstructures were investigated to propose the suitable ratio of AD and FA for sustainable mortar. All samples were fixed with a mixing ratio of ordinary Portland cement (CM): sand (Si) at 1: 2.75. The Si was replaced by AD content at 0, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100% by weight (%wt) of Si, respectively. Furthermore, the FA was added to the suitable mixing conditions of CM, AD, and Si, which is called the suitable mortar containing AD, at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 %wt. The results from the compressive strength test were evaluated and compared under the different curing times for 3, 7, and 28 days in saturated limewater. The microstructures of testing samples were analyzed using different characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). From the results, the mortar containing AD showed higher compressive strength than those without AD. After the addition of FA and AD, the compressive strength was more increased rather than using AD without FA. Sand can be replaced with AD as filler aggregates to reduce voids in the mortar. Additionally, FA can be used as a pozzolanic additive in mortars. Therefore, those two waste materials (AD and FA) are alternative materials suitable for use in the development of compressive strength in mortar.
Research on the Application of Reinforcement Learning in Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Hu Yiquan
Published: January 2025

As global urbanization accelerates, urban traffic issues are becoming increasingly severe. Traffic flow prediction (TFP), as a key technology in intelligent transportation systems, aims to provide decision support and optimization plans by analyzing vehicle flow, speed, and density in road networks. However, traditional statistical models and prediction methods based on historical data exhibit many limitations when dealing with complex, dynamic, and nonlinear traffic flow data. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how Reinforcement Learning (RL) can be applied to TFP. RL optimizes strategies through interactions between agents and the environment to maximize cumulative rewards. High-dimensional state spaces and nonlinear problems can be handled with strong adaptability and strong adaptability. The paper provides a detailed review of the latest developments in Deep RL in the field of TFP, including the application of Q-learning and its variants in traffic signal control. Additionally, the article discusses the application of RL-based Long Short-Term Memory Networks, Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN), and Dynamic GCN in TFP. Although RL has achieved significant results in the field of TFP, its application still faces challenges such as data complexity, dynamics, and high computational resource consumption. The paper suggests that future research directions should include expanding abnormal data, improving model efficiency and scalability, and extending application scenarios to further advance intelligent transportation systems.
IoT in Urban Traffic Prediction Development Case Studies and Future Trends
Authors: Wang Renhe
Published: January 2025

The problem of urban traffic has become quite serious in recent years. This problem seriously affects the daily travel of urban residents and urban safety and brings great challenges to the sustainable development of the transportation system. This paper first briefly summarizes the development process of using the Internet of Things (IoT) to calculate future road traffic. As early as 1999, Kevin Ashton proposed to apply the Internet of Things to traffic, but the application in the traffic field is not mature, such as the early ETC (electronic road pricing system). With the rise of wireless communication technology, vehicle GPS navigation systems began to appear, which can provide real-time traffic information and route planning. Nowadays, various sensors, radio frequency identification devices (RFID), cameras, and other devices are widely used, making real-time data collection and analysis possible. Then it analyzes the current actual successful cases of using the IOT to calculate future road traffic, discusses in detail the promotion of traffic and the advantages of using the Internet of Things compared with the previous traffic, and gives the corresponding data. Finally, the future research direction and development trends are put forward. First, edge computing is introduced into the IOT, and edge computing is mixed with cloud computing to obtain a prediction system with better performance and lower robustness. The second is to optimize the existing network transport layer protocol. Finally, this paper makes a summary.