bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate journalism in a changing media ecosystem: Assessing the production of climate change‐related news around the world
Authors: Schäfer Mike S. , Painter James
Published: August 2020

Climate journalism gathers, evaluates, selects, and presents information about climate change, its characteristics, causes, and impacts, as well as ways to mitigate it, and distributes them via technical media to general and specialist audiences. It is an important source of information about climate change for many people. Currently, however, the media ecosystem surrounding climate journalism is changing, with economic conditions becoming more strenuous, more communicators joining the debate, and social media changing the affordances of communication. This advanced review synthesizes scholarship on both the status quo and the changes taking place in climate journalism in the Global North and the Global South. While it demonstrates that the scholarship has distinct gaps and biases, it does distill several robust findings. First, it shows that the organizational embedding of climate journalism is changing, with specialist reporters becoming scarce and working under more strenuous conditions and with the emergence of online‐born news media and niche sites specializing in climate journalism. It also suggests that few specialist climate journalists exist in the Global South. Second, it demonstrates that the range of roles available to climate journalists has diversified, with a shift from “gatekeeping” to “curating” roles. Third, it indicates that climate journalists’ relationships with their sources have changed. Elite sources have been, and still are, important, but their composition has shifted from scientists to a broader range of stakeholders. Correspondingly, there seems to be a strong and rising influence of stakeholder PR on climate journalism.

This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Bettenkapazitätssteuerung in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Römmele C. , Neidel T. , Heins J. , Heider S. , Otten V. , Ebigbo A. , Weber T. , Müller M. , Spring O. , Braun G. , Wittmann M. , Schoenfelder J. , Heller A. R. , Messmann H. , Brunner J. O.
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund

Die COVID-19-Pandemie zeichnet sich durch einen sich langsam aufbauenden Bedarf von Ressourcen des Gesundheitswesens mit lokalen Hotspots aus und erzeugt dadurch enorme Probleme. Für die Krankenhäuser liegt eine der größten Herausforderungen in der Vorhaltung von Bettenkapazitäten, insbesondere da der Bedarf schwer vorherzusehen ist.

Fragestellung

Um den Entscheidungsträgern eine Hilfestellung zu geben, wurden mehrere simulationsbasierte Prognosen für die benötigte Bettenkapazität am Universitätsklinikum Augsburg durchgeführt, um bei variablen Pandemieverläufen die benötigten Bettenkapazitäten abschätzen zu können.

Methode

Als Input dienen aktuelle Erkenntnisse über den Verlauf der Ausbreitung, insbesondere die Wachstumsrate an kumulierten Neuinfektionen pro Tag. Zur Abbildung von Unsicherheit werden mittels Verteilungsfunktionen, basierend auf Realdaten der Wachstumsrate, die Verweildauer sowie der Anteil der hospitalisierten COVID-19-Patienten im Einzugsgebiet modelliert. Im Anschluss erfolgt eine Monte-Carlo-Simulation, die eine Abschätzung der benötigten Bettenkapazitäten für mehrere Tage in der Zukunft erlaubt.

Ergebnisse

Mithilfe von mehreren simulationsbasierten Kapazitätsprognosen im Zeitraum vom 28.03.2020 bis zum 08.06.2020 konnte die benötigte Intensiv- und Normalbettenkapazität am Universitätsklinikum Augsburg sowie im Rettungsdienstbereich Augsburg mit einer hohen Zuverlässigkeit prognostiziert werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Mithilfe des entwickelten Simulationsmodells zur Abschätzung der benötigten Bettenkapazität kann den Kliniken und dem Katastrophenschutz eine Hilfestellung zur Abschätzung der kurzfristigen Entwicklung des Kapazitätsbedarfs für Verdachtsfälle sowie bestätigte COVID-19-Patienten gegeben werden. Der operative Einsatz der Methode am Universitätsklinikum Augsburg zeigte verlässliche Ergebnisse.
Technologietransfer durch Unternehmensübernahmen chinesischer Investoren
Authors: Matthes Jürgen
Published: August 2020

Die üblichen positiven Effekte von Auslandsinvestitionen gelten für Firmenübernahmen durch chinesische Käufer nur eingeschränkt. Diese Investitionen sind — wie zahlreiche Indizien zeigen — teilweise auch mit einem Technologietransfer verbunden. Damit wird ein schnelles technologisches Aufholen Chinas begünstigt, das in den Industrieländern unter gewissen Annahmen zu Wohlstandsverlusten führen könnte. Dies legen Außenhandelsmodelle nahe, deren Annahmen bei genauerer Prüfung nicht unrealistisch erscheinen.
Gold market price spillover between COMEX, LBMA and SGE
Authors: Qian Xinyi
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the author investigates spillover between the main markets from New York, London and Shanghai. Specific contract prices from the Commodity Exchange Inc. (COMEX), London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) and Shanghai Gold Exchange (SGE) were utilized. Results suggest that even with the increasing market influence of SGE, it still remains an isolated market, COMEX and LBMA maintain their dominant positions and act as the net spillover spreaders in the world gold market with almost equally strong market impacts.
New perspectives on human subsistence during the Magdalenian in the Swabian Jura, Germany
Authors: Wong Gillian L. , Starkovich Britt M. , Drucker Dorothée G. , Conard Nicholas J.
Published: August 2020

The Swabian Jura of southwestern Germany is famous for its Paleolithic sites which have been studied since the 1860s. While there is a rich tradition of research on the Magdalenian, many of the best-known sites were not excavated using modern methods, and recently, few discoveries of new sites have been made. Thus, much of the information on this period comes from sites lacking data collected using modern standards. This has left open questions regarding the recolonization of the Swabian Jura and hunter-gatherer subsistence and settlement during the Magdalenian in the region. Langmahdhalde is a recently discovered rock shelter in the Lone Valley of the Swabian Jura that has intact, well-stratified horizons dating to the Magdalenian with associated lithic artifacts, faunal remains, and combustion features. In this paper, we present a study of the faunal materials from this new site. We use the macrofaunal remains to discuss human subsistence and a taphonomic analysis of the microfaunal remains to determine the spatial scale of our previously published paleoenvironmental interpretations. Our results on human subsistence support previous interpretations from other Magdalenian assemblages in Central Europe. Further, our taphonomic study of the microfauna suggests that our paleoenvironmental analyses are relatively local, within a maximum of 70 km2from the rock shelter. We place these results within the larger context of human paleoecology in the region and suggest that the successful resettlement of the Swabian Jura by Magdalenian peoples during the Late Glacial was probably facilitated by the presence of a higher diversity of resources on the landscape compared to regions to the west.
Simplifying the Measurement of Attitudes towards Autistic People
Authors: Hanel Paul H. P. , Shah Punit
Published: August 2020

There is growing interest in quantifying attitudes towards autistic people, however there is relatively little research on psychometric properties of the only existing measure and its ability to predict engagement with people with autism. To begin addressing these issues, we compared three scales measuring attitudes towards autistic people following the development of two new measures. Exploratory factor analysis, across two datasets, revealed that the factor-structure of an established 16-item scale is unclear. Further, its predictive validity of intended engagement with autistic people was comparable to our novel and psychometrically robust 1- and 4-item measures of attitudes towards autistic people. We therefore conclude that a 1- or 4-item scale is sufficient to measure general attitudes towards autistic people in future research. Equally, we propose that additional research is required to develop measures that are grounded in theoretical models of attitude formation and therefore distinguish between different components of attitudes.
Elastic sheet-defined functions: Generalising spreadsheet functions to variable-size input arrays
Authors: MCCUTCHEN MATT , BORGHOUTS JUDITH , GORDON ANDREW D. , PEYTON JONES SIMON , SARKAR ADVAIT
Published: August 2020

Sheet-defined functions (SDFs) bring modularity and abstraction to the world of spreadsheets. Alas, end users naturally write SDFs that work over fixed-size arrays, which limits their reusability. To help end user programmers write more reusable SDFs, we describe a principled approach to generalising such functions to become elastic SDFs that work over inputs of arbitrary size. We prove that under natural, checkable conditions, our algorithm returns the principal generalisation of an input SDF. We describe a formal semantics and several efficient implementation strategies for elastic SDFs. A user study with spreadsheet users compares the human experience of programming with elastic SDFs to the alternative of relying on array-processing combinators. Our user study finds that the cognitive load of elastic SDFs is lower than for SDFs with map/reduce array combinators, the closest alternative solution.
Statistical Study of Loss of GPS Signals Caused by Severe and Great Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Zhang Shixuan , He Liming , Wu Lixin
Published: August 2020

Loss of satellite signals is the most significant disruption to global navigation satellite system (GNSS), such as global positioning system (GPS), associated with a geomagnetic storm. To characterize the lost GPS signals during severe and great geomagnetic storms, we define two indices, that is, the number of lost GPS signals at a single site (SLGS) and the global average rate of lost GPS signals (GLGS). We analyze the response of SLGS and GLGS to 14 intense geomagnetic storms with a minimum disturbance storm time (Dst) index less than −200 nT occurred since 2000. The results calculated from global GPS observation data showed that both the SLGS and GLGS responded well to the change of Dst index for all the studied storms, the loss of satellite signals mainly occurred during the main phase and the early recovery phase of geomagnetic storms. We found that the peak value of GLGS and the standard deviation of SLGS are exponentially correlated with the magnitude of Dst. We further compare the global distribution of SLGS with the relative differential total electron content (RTEC) and the rate of total electron content index (ROTI). The comparison results indicated that the new indices would be useful to evaluate the worst impact on GNSS performance during intense geomagnetic storms, and it is also a complementarity to the existing ionospheric indices.
Spatial Variations of N2O Fluxes Across the Water‐Air Interface of Mariculture Ponds in a Subtropical Estuary in Southeast China
Authors: Yang Ping , Wang Dongqi , Lai Derrick Y.  F. , Zhang Yifei , Guo Qianqian , Tan Lishan , Yang Hong , Tong Chuan , Li Xiaofei
Published: August 2020

While aquaculture ponds are potentially important sources of atmospheric N2O, the magnitude and variability of N2O concentrations and fluxes both within and across the ponds remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the small‐scale spatial variations of dissolved N2O concentrations in water and N2O fluxes across the water‐air interface from three mariculture ponds in a subtropical estuary in southeast China. Our results showed that the dissolved concentrations and diffusive fluxes of N2O in the shrimp ponds ranged between 2.3–19.2 nM and 16.4–589.7 nmol m−2 hr−1, respectively, over the culture period. Significant variations of N2O concentrations and fluxes were observed within the ponds, with higher values being observed in the aeration area that could be attributed to the high rates of nitrification in the water column, as well as sediment N2O production and diffusive flux into the overlying water. Also, N2O concentrations and fluxes varied significantly among the three ponds as a result of the difference in N‐NO3− and N‐NH4+ concentrations in the water column. The large fine‐scale spatial variations of N2O concentrations and fluxes observed in our aquaculture ponds suggested that management practices such as aeration and bait feeding could largely affect the extent that aquaculture activities have on N2O emissions and climate change through their influence on the physicochemical environment (e.g., oxygen and N‐NH4+ concentrations) of the ponds.
Jupiter’s Ocean Moons Raise Tidal Waves on One Another
Authors: Fritts Rachel
Published: August 2020

New research considers the effect of Jupiter’s Galilean moons on each other’s oceans for the first time.
Plasma Turbulence at Comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko: Rosetta Observations
Authors: Ruhunusiri S. , Howes G. G. , Halekas J. S.
Published: August 2020

We perform a power spectral analysis of magnetic field fluctuations measured by the Rosetta spacecraft's magnetometer at comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko. We interpret the power spectral signatures in terms of plasma turbulent processes and discover that different turbulent processes are prominent during different active phases of the comet. During the weakly active phase of the comet, dominant injection is prominent at low frequencies near 10−2 Hz, while partial energy cascade or dispersion is prominent at high frequencies near 10−1 Hz. During the intermediately active phase, uniform injection is prominent at low frequencies, while partial energy cascade or dispersion is prominent at high frequencies. During the strongly active phase of the comet, we find that partial energy cascade or dissipation is dominant at low frequencies, while partial energy cascade, dissipation, or dispersion is dominant at high frequencies. We infer that the temporal variations of the turbulent processes occur due to the evolution of the plasma environment of the comet as it orbits the Sun.
Assimilation of Ionosphere Observations in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with Thermosphere‐Ionosphere EXtension (WACCMX)
Authors: Pedatella N. M. , Anderson J. L. , Chen C. H. , Raeder K. , Liu J. , Liu H.‐L. , Lin C. H.
Published: August 2020

A set of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are performed to assess the impact of assimilating Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) electron density profiles and ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) total electron content (TEC) observations in a whole atmosphere data assimilation system. The OSSEs are performed using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCMX) with data assimilation provided by the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) ensemble adjustment Kalman filter. Results from the OSSEs demonstrate that the assimilation of ionosphere observations improves the short‐term (1 hr) forecasts and analyses. The OSSEs show that the short‐term forecasts and analyses are further improved when the ionosphere observations adjust the thermosphere neutral composition and temperature in addition to the ionosphere electron density. Based on an initialized forecast experiment, we find that adjusting the thermosphere neutral composition and temperature also leads to improved forecast skill in the ionosphere on longer time scales (i.e., beyond 1 hr). Additionally, it is shown that using a 1 hr data assimilation cycle, and removal of second‐order divergence damping in WACCMX+DART significantly improves tidal amplitudes, which were previously found to be too small. These initial results represent the first whole atmosphere data assimilation system with capabilities to assimilate observations from the troposphere to the ionosphere‐thermosphere.
Time‐Lapse Monitoring of Seismic Velocity Associated With 2011 Shinmoe‐Dake Eruption Using Seismic Interferometry: An Extended Kalman Filter Approach
Authors: Nishida Kiwamu , Mizutani Yuta , Ichihara Mie , Aoki Yosuke
Published: August 2020

Seismic interferometry is a powerful tool to monitor the seismic velocity change associated with volcanic eruptions. For the monitoring, changes in seismic velocity with environmental origins (such as precipitation) are problematic. In order to model the environmental effects, we propose a new technique based on a state‐space model. An extended Kalman filter estimates seismic velocity changes as state variables, with a first‐order approximation of the stretching method. We apply this technique to three‐component seismic records in order to detect the seismic velocity change associated with the Shinmoe‐dake eruptions in 2011 and 2018. First, ambient noise cross correlations were calculated from May 2010 to April 2018. We also modeled seismic velocity changes resulting from precipitation and the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, with exponential type responses. Most of the results show no significant changes associated with the eruptions, although gradual inflation of the magma reservoir preceded the 2011 eruption by 1 year. The observed low sensitivity to static stress changes suggests that the fraction of geofluid and crack density at about 1‐km depth is small, and the crack shapes could be circular. Only one station pair west of the crater shows the significant drop associated with the eruption in 2011. The gradual drop of seismic velocity up to 0.05% preceded the eruption by 1 month. When the gradual drop began, volcanic tremors were activated at about 2‐km depth. These observations suggest that the drop could be caused by damage accumulation due to vertical magma migration beneath the summit.
Seasonality and Budgets of Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions From a Tropical Dry Forest Successional Gradient in Costa Rica
Authors: Calvo‐Rodriguez Sofia , Kiese Ralf , Sánchez‐Azofeifa G. Arturo
Published: August 2020

Limited information on greenhouse gas emissions from tropical dry forest soils still hinders the assessment of the sources/sinks from this ecosystem and their contribution at global scales. Particularly, rewetting events after the dry season can have a significant effect on soil biogeochemical processes and associated exchange of greenhouse gases. This study evaluated the temporal variation and annual fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4from soils in a tropical dry forest successional gradient. After a prolonged drought of 5 months, large emissions pulses of CO2and N2O were observed at all sites following first rain events, caused by the “Birch effect,” with a significant effect on the net ecosystem exchange and the annual emissions budget. Annual CO2emissions were greatest for the young forest (8,556 kg C ha−1yr−1) followed by the older forest (7,420 kg C ha−1yr−1) and the abandoned pasture (7,224 kg C ha−1yr−1). Annual emissions of N2O were greatest for the forest sites (0.39 and 0.43 kg N ha−1yr−1) and least in the abandoned pasture (0.09 kg N ha−1yr−1). CH4uptake was greatest in the older forest (−2.61 kg C ha−1yr−1) followed by the abandoned pasture (−0.69 kg C ha−1yr−1) and the young forest (−0.58 kg C ha−1yr−1). Fluxes were mainly influenced by soil moisture, microbial biomass, and soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations. Annual CO2and N2O soil fluxes of tropical dry forests in this study and others from the literature were much lower than the annual fluxes in wetter tropical forests. Conversely, tropical dry forests and abandoned pastures are on average stronger sinks for CH4than wetter tropical forests.
SLAMF receptors negatively regulate B cell receptor signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia via recruitment of prohibitin-2
Authors: von Wenserski Lisa , Schultheiß Christoph , Bolz Sarah , Schliffke Simon , Simnica Donjete , Willscher Edith , Gerull Helwe , Wolters-Eisfeld Gerrit , Riecken Kristoffer , Fehse Boris , Altfeld Marcus , Nollau Peter , Binder Mascha
Published: August 2020

We identified a subset of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients with high Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) receptor-related signaling that showed an indolent clinical course. Since SLAMF receptors play a role in NK cell biology, we reasoned that these receptors may impact NK cell-mediated CLL immunity. Indeed, our experiments showed significantly decreased degranulation capacity of primary NK cells from CLL patients expressing low levels of SLAMF1 and SLAMF7. Since the SLAMFlow signature was strongly associated with an unmutated CLL immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) status in large datasets, we investigated the impact of SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 on the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling axis. Overexpression of SLAMF1 or SLAMF7 in IGHV mutated CLL cell models resulted in reduced proliferation and impaired responses to BCR ligation, whereas the knockout of both receptors showed opposing effects and increased sensitivity toward inhibition of components of the BCR pathway. Detailed molecular analyzes showed that SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 receptors mediate their BCR pathway antagonistic effects via recruitment of prohibitin-2 (PHB2) thereby impairing its role in signal transduction downstream the IGHV-mutant IgM-BCR. Together, our data indicate that SLAMF receptors are important modulators of the BCR signaling axis and may improve immune control in CLL by interference with NK cells.
Correction: R-ketamine: a rapid-onset and sustained antidepressant without psychotomimetic side effects
Authors: Yang C. , Shirayama Y. , Zhang J-c , Ren Q. , Yao W. , Ma M. , Dong C. , Hashimoto K.
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
LEF1-AS1 accelerates tumorigenesis in glioma by sponging miR-489-3p to enhance HIGD1A
Authors: Cheng Zhihua , Wang Guangyu , Zhu Weiyi , Luo Cong , Guo Zhilin
Published: August 2020

Long non-coding (lncRNA) lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 antisense RNA 1 (LEF1-AS1) has been validated to be implicated in manifold cancers, whereas its function in glioma has not been understood thoroughly. Hence, in this study, we tested that LEF1-AS1 expression was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Besides, knockdown of LEF1-AS1 repressed cell proliferation while activated apoptosis in glioma cells in vitro, and also suppressed tumor growth in vivo. RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter assays affirmed that LEF1-AS1 could bind with miR-489-3p. In addition, miR-489-3p expression was downregulated in glioma cells. Moreover, miR-489-3p depletion partly offset LEF1-AS1 knockdown-mediated function on proliferation and apoptosis. Further, HIGD1A identified as the target gene of miR-489-3p was upregulated in glioma cells. HIGD1A silence could restrict the process of glioma. In rescue assays, upregulation of HIGD1A remedied the inhibitory impacts of LEF1-AS1 silence on glioma cell growth. In summary, our studies corroborated the regulatory mechanism of LEF1-AS1/miR-489-3p/HIGD1A axis in glioma, suggesting that targeting LEF1-AS1 might be a promising method for glioma therapy in the future.
Identification of anti-tumoral feedback loop between VHLα and hnRNPA2B1 in renal cancer
Authors: Liu Yanbin , Zhang Hui , Li Xingzhi , Zhang Changming , Huang Haide
Published: August 2020

Our previous study identified a novel VHLα isoform which negatively modulated hnRNPA2B1 expression and therefore influenced pyruvate kinase transcript splicing in renal cancer, while the regulation and initiation of alternative translation are largely unknown. Here we unraveled the CUG-mediated translation start of VHLα, which was subjected to the regulation by both eukaryotic initiator factor eIF2A and RNA helicase eIF4A. Unexpectedly, we found hnRNPA2B1 promoted VHLα alternative translation as well via direct interaction with its octadic pentamer region of VHL transcript. The N-terminal of VHLα was indispensable in mediating ubiquitination of hnRNPA2B1 at lysine residues 274 and 305. We further identified aberrant overexpression of c-myc as upstream oncogenic signaling to positively regulate hnRNPA2B1 transcription in renal cancer. Therefore, our data suggested an anti-tumoral feedback loop between VHLα and hnRNPA2B1.
TMEM59 interacts with TREM2 and modulates TREM2-dependent microglial activities
Authors: Liu Zhaoji , Ning Jinhuan , Zheng Xiaoyuan , Meng Jian , Han Linkun , Zheng Honghua , Zhong Li , Chen Xiao-Fen , Zhang Xian , Luo Hong , Can Dan , Xu Huaxi , Zhang Yun-wu
Published: August 2020

The surface receptor triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays a crucial role in maintaining a multitude of microglial activities, such as survival, proliferation, migration, metabolism, inflammation, and phagocytosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TREM2-mediated microglial activities remain largely elusive. Herein, we found that TREM2 interacted with the type I transmembrane protein TMEM59, whose expression could facilitate autophagic flux through its carboxyl-terminus. TMEM59 expression was decreased upon lipopolysaccharide treatment. While downregulation of TMEM59 promoted anti-inflammatory factor expression and attenuated lipopolysaccharide treatment-induced inflammation. Importantly, we found that overexpression of TREM2 reduced TMEM59 protein levels through promoting its degradation, whereas TMEM59 levels were elevated in Trem2-deficient microglia. Finally, impaired survival, proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis, as well as dysregulated autophagy and metabolism in Trem2-deficient microglia were attenuated upon TMEM59 silencing. Together, our findings reveal a novel function of TREM2 in mediating TMEM59 protein degradation and demonstrate the importance of TMEM59 homeostasis in maintaining TREM2-mediated microglial activities.
Cell density-dependent proteolysis by HtrA1 induces translocation of zyxin to the nucleus and increased cell survival
Authors: Sabino Fabio , Madzharova Elizabeta , auf dem Keller Ulrich
Published: August 2020

Proteases modulate critical processes in cutaneous tissue repair to orchestrate inflammation, cell proliferation and tissue remodeling. However, the functional consequences and implications in healing impairments of most cleavage events are not understood. Using iTRAQ-based Terminal Amine Isotopic Labeling of Substrates (TAILS) we had characterized proteolytic signatures in a porcine wound healing model and identified two neo-N termini derived from proteolytic cleavage of the focal adhesion protein and mechanotransducer zyxin. Here, we assign these proteolytic events to the activity of either caspase-1 or serine protease HtrA1 and analyze the biological relevance of the resultant zyxin truncations. By cellular expression of full-length and truncated zyxin proteins, we demonstrate nuclear translocation of a C-terminal zyxin fragment that could also be generated in vitro by HtrA1 cleavage and provide evidence for its anti-apoptotic activities, potentially by regulating the expression of modulators of cell proliferation, protein synthesis and genome stability. Targeted degradomics correlated endogenous generation of the same zyxin fragment with increased cell density in human primary dermal fibroblasts. Hence, this newly identified HtrA1-zyxin protease signaling axis might present a novel mechanism to transiently enhance cell survival in environments of increased cell density like in wound granulation tissue.
Author Correction: Enhancing droplet deposition through in-situ precipitation
Authors: Damak Maher , Hyder Md Nasim , Varanasi Kripa K.
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Characterization of four subtypes in morphologically normal tissue excised proximal and distal to breast cancer
Authors: Gadaleta Emanuela , Fourgoux Pauline , Pirró Stefano , Thorn Graeme J. , Nelan Rachel , Ironside Alastair , Rajeeve Vinothini , Cutillas Pedro R. , Lobley Anna E. , Wang Jun , Gea Esteban , Ross-Adams Helen , Bessant Conrad , Lemoine Nicholas R. , Jones Louise J. , Chelala Claude
Published: August 2020

Widespread mammographic screening programs and improved self-monitoring allow for breast cancer to be detected earlier than ever before. Breast-conserving surgery is a successful treatment for select women. However, up to 40% of women develop local recurrence after surgery despite apparently tumor-free margins. This suggests that morphologically normal breast may harbor early alterations that contribute to increased risk of cancer recurrence. We conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analysis to characterize 57 fresh-frozen tissues from breast cancers and matched histologically normal tissues resected proximal to (<2 cm) and distant from (5–10 cm) the primary tumor, using tissues from cosmetic reduction mammoplasties as baseline. Four distinct transcriptomic subtypes are identified within matched normal tissues: metabolic; immune; matrisome/epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and non-coding enriched. Key components of the subtypes are supported by proteomic and tissue composition analyses. We find that the metabolic subtype is associated with poor prognosis (p < 0.001, HR6.1). Examination of genes representing the metabolic signature identifies several genes able to prognosticate outcome from histologically normal tissues. A subset of these have been reported for their predictive ability in cancer but, to the best of our knowledge, these have not been reported altered in matched normal tissues. This study takes an important first step toward characterizing matched normal tissues resected at pre-defined margins from the primary tumor. Unlocking the predictive potential of unexcised tissue could prove key to driving the realization of personalized medicine for breast cancer patients, allowing for more biologically-driven analyses of tissue margins than morphology alone.
Design of two-dimensional carbon-nitride structures by tuning the nitrogen concentration
Authors: Bu Saiyu , Yao Nan , Hunter Michelle A. , Searles Debra J. , Yuan Qinghong
Published: August 2020

Nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) has attracted increasing attention because its properties are significantly different to pristine graphene, making it useful for various applications in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science. However, the NGs that can currently be fabricated using most experimental methods always have low N concentrations and a mixture of N dopants, which limits the desirable physical and chemical properties. In this work, first principles calculations combined with the local particle-swarm optimization algorithm method were applied to explore possible stable structures of 2D carbon nitrides (C1−xNx) with various C/N ratios. It is predicted that C1−xNxstructures with low N-doping concentration contain both graphitic and pyridinic N based on their calculated formation energies, which explains the experimentally observed coexistence of graphitic and pyridinic N in NG. However, pyridinic N is predominant in C1−xNxwhen the N concentration is above 0.25. In addition, C1−xNxstructures with low N-doping concentration were found to have considerably lower formation energies than those with a high N concentration, which means synthesized NGs with low N-doping concentration are favorable. Moreover, we found the restrictions of mixed doping and low N concentration can be circumvented by using different C and N feedstocks, and by growing NG at lower temperatures.
Real-time processing of stabilizer measurements in a bit-flip code
Authors: Ristè Diego , Govia Luke C. G. , Donovan Brian , Fallek Spencer D. , Kalfus William D. , Brink Markus , Bronn Nicholas T. , Ohki Thomas A.
Published: August 2020

Although qubit coherence times and gate fidelities are continuously improving, logical encoding is essential to achieve fault tolerance in quantum computing. In most encoding schemes, correcting or tracking errors throughout the computation is necessary to implement a universal gate set without adding significant delays in the processor. Here, we realize a classical control architecture for the fast extraction of errors based on multiple cycles of stabilizer measurements and subsequent correction. We demonstrate its application on a minimal bit-flip code with five transmon qubits, showing that real-time decoding and correction based on multiple stabilizers is superior in both speed and fidelity to repeated correction based on individual cycles. Furthermore, the encoded qubit can be rapidly measured, thus enabling conditional operations that rely on feed forward, such as logical gates. This co-processing of classical and quantum information will be crucial in running a logical circuit at its full speed to outpace error accumulation.
Novel antimicrobial phosphate-free glass–ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Suárez M. , Fernández-García E. , Fernández A. , López-Píriz R. , Díaz R. , Torrecillas R.
Published: August 2020

In this study a phosphate-free glass–ceramic porous scaffold was synthesized by a three-step methodology involving slurry preparation, induction of porosity by surfactant-assisted foaming following by freeze-drying and sintering. This inorganic scaffold was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), degradation and bioactivity. Thermal treatment at 750 °C showed two new crystalline phases, combeite and nepheline, into the glassy matrix responsible for its properties. The cell response of the scaffold was also evaluated for using as a bone graft substitute. A commercial Biphasic Calcium Phosphate, BCP, scaffold was assessed in parallel as reference material. Microstructures obtained by SEM showed the presence of macro, meso and microporosity. The glass–ceramic scaffold possesses an interconnected porosity around 31% with a crack-pore system that promote the protein adsorption and cell attachment. Glass–ceramic scaffold with high concentration of calcium ions shows an antimicrobial behavior against Escherichia coli after 24 h of contact. Nepheline phase present in the glass–ceramic structure is responsible for its high mechanical properties being around 87 MPa. Glass–ceramic scaffold promotes greater protein adsorption and therefore the attachment, spreading and osteodifferentiation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells than BCP scaffold. A higher calcification was induced by glass–ceramic scaffold compared to reference BCP material.
Assessment of selected heavy metals and enzyme activity in soils within the zone of influence of various tree species
Authors: Bartkowiak Agata , Lemanowicz Joanna , Lamparski Robert
Published: August 2020

The study aimed to evaluate the total content and bioavailable forms of Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni and enzymatic activity (nitro reductase and peroxidases) in the mineral levels of surface soils within the zone of influence of various tree species. The conducted variance analysis confirmed the significant impact of the studied tree habitats on the total content and bioavailable forms of metals and on enzymatic activity. The total content of analysed metals were low and in no case exceeded the possible concentrations. The high bioavailability (AF %) values calculated for habitats of different species compositions (of 53.78% for Zn, 76.82% for Cu, 60.81% for Pb and 44.72% for Ni) may pose a risk of accumulation of these metals in plants. A significant correlation was found between nitrate reduction activity and Pb content (r = 0.510) and Cu (r = 0.678). Principal component analysis allowed two principal components to be distinguished (PC1 and PC2) that accounted for 60.95% of the total change in variance.
Fatty acid synthase, a novel poor prognostic factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia which can be targeted by ginger extract
Authors: Ghaeidamini Harouni Maryam , Rahgozar Soheila , Rahimi Babasheikhali Somayeh , Safavi Arman , Ghodousi Elaheh Sadat
Published: August 2020

Altered metabolism of fatty acid synthesis is considered a hallmark characteristic of several malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To evaluate the impact of fatty acid synthase (FASN) on drug resistant ALL, bone marrow samples were collected from 65 pediatric ALLs, including 40 de novo and 25 relapsed patients. 22 non-cancer individuals were chosen as controls. Quantitative RT-PCR showed increased expression levels of FASN in drug resistant patients compared with the therapy responders. Single and combined treatment of malignant cells were analyzed using Annexin-V/PI double staining and MTT assays. Incubation of resistant primary cells with ginger showed simultaneous increased apoptosis rates and reduced FASN expression levels. Furthermore, docking studies demonstrated high affinity bindings between ginger derivatives and FASN thioesterase and ketosynthase domains, compared with their known inhibitors, fenofibrate and morin, respectively. Finally, combined treatment of in-house multidrug resistant T-ALL subline with ginger and dexamethasone induced drug sensitivity and down regulation of FASN expression, accordingly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that introduces FASN upregulation as a poor prognostic factor for drug resistant childhood ALL. Moreover, it was revealed that FASN inhibition may be applied by ginger phytochemicals and overcome dexamethasone resistance, subsequently.
Evaluation of tibial rotational axis in total knee arthroplasty using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Nam Ji-Hoon , Koh Yong-Gon , Kim Paul Shinil , Kim Gihun , Kwak Yoon Hae , Kang Kyoung-Tak
Published: August 2020

Surgeon-dependent factors such as optimal implant alignment of the tibial component are thought to play a significant role in the outcome following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In addition, tibial component malrotation is associated with pain, stiffness, and altered patellofemoral kinematics in TKA. However, measuring tibial component rotation after TKA is difficult. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find a reliable method for positioning the tibial component in TKA. To investigate the morphology of the tibial plateau, 977 patients' knees (829 females and 148 males) were evaluated using MRI. The relationships between the femoral transepicondylar axis (TEA), Akagi line, posterior tibial margin (PTM), medial third of the tibial tubercle (MTT), and anatomical tibial axis (ATS) were investigated in this study. In addition, gender difference in tibial rotational alignment were evaluated. Relative to the TEA, the MTT and ATS were externally rotated by 0.5° ± 4.4° and 0.5° ± 5.4°, respectively, while Akagi line and PTM were internally rotated by 3.7° ± 4.5° and 9.9° ± 6.1°, respectively. Gender differences were found in MTT, Akagi line and ATS (P < 0.05). Our result showed that the rotational alignment led to notable variance between femoral and tibial components using fixed bone landmarks. The MTT and ATS axes showed the closest perpendicular aspect with projected TEA. And the MTT and Akagi axes showed the reduced variance. In addition, PTM is not a reliable landmark for rotation of the tibial component. Based on the results of this study, surgeons may choose the proper anteroposterior axis of the tibial component in order to reduce rotational mismatch and improve clinical outcomes.
A new voltammetric platform for reliable determination of the sport performance-enhancing stimulant synephrine in dietary supplements using a boron-doped diamond electrode
Authors: Haššo M. , Sarakhman O. , Stanković D. M. , Švorc Ĺ.
Published: August 2020

For the first time, we propose a novel modification-free voltammetric platform for simple, fast and reliable quantification of the sport performance-enhancing stimulant synephrine on the screen-printed boron-doped diamond electrochemical sensor.
An electrochemical aptasensor-based CoxP-decorated porous carbon microspheres and AuNRs labelled methylene blue as signal labels for the sensitive detection of PCB77
Authors: Tian Panpan , Zhang Baozhong , Lv Lina , Xie Lingling , Chen Hanyu , He Baoshan
Published: August 2020

Diagram of the electrochemical aptasensor construction and the mechanism for detection of PCB77.
Engineering biomimetic graphene nanodecoys camouflaged with the EGFR/HEK293 cell membrane for targeted capture of drug leads
Authors: Hu Qi , Zhang Xiaolin , Jia Lanlan , Zhen Xueyan , Pan Xiaoyan , Xie Xiaoyu , Wang Sicen
Published: August 2020

A novel cell membrane camouflaged graphene-based nanodecoy with targeting properties was first established for drug lead screening.
Catalytic intramolecular hydroamination of aminoallenes using titanium and tantalum complexes of sterically encumbered chiral sulfonamides
Authors: Sha Fanrui , Shimizu Emily A. , Slocumb Hannah S. , Towell Sydney E. , Zhen Yi , Porter Hanna Z. , Takase Michael K. , Johnson Adam R.
Published: August 2020

Titanium and tantalum catalysts supported by readily prepared chiral sulfonamide ligands catalyze hydroamination of aminoallenes that lack N-protecting groups.
Controlled growth of Cu and CuOx thin films from subvalent copper precursors
Authors: Jürgensen Lasse , Höll David , Frank Michael , Ludwig Tim , Graf David , Schmidt-Verma Anna Katrin , Raauf Aida , Gessner Isabel , Mathur Sanjay
Published: August 2020

Volatile mixed-ligand complexes of copper based on stabilizing cyclooctadiene and reactive enaminone are reported as efficient precursors for chemical vapor deposition of Cu(0), Cu2O, or CuO thin films.
Solvent-free synthesis of ZIF-8 from zinc acetate with the assistance of sodium hydroxide
Authors: Ji Peng , Tian Renbing , Zheng Hua , Jiang Jin-gang , Sun Jinghua , Peng Junbiao
Published: August 2020

ZIF-8-DGUT, a zinc-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) with the same topology as that of ZIF-8, was first prepared using a solvent-free method from zinc acetate, 2-methylimidazole, and NaOH.
A universal descriptor based on pz-orbitals for the catalytic activity of multi-doped carbon bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution
Authors: Ma Jiameng , Zhi Qiuming , Gong Lele , Shen Yang , Sun Defeng , Guo Yongjian , Zhang Lipeng , Xia Zhenhai
Published: August 2020

An established descriptor Φ can be used to screen and predict highly efficient catalysts based on tuned graphene for the ORR/OER.
Stable and high yield growth of GaP and In0.2Ga0.8As nanowire arrays using In as a catalyst
Authors: Scaccabarozzi Andrea , Cattoni Andrea , Patriarche Gilles , Travers Laurent , Collin Stéphane , Harmand Jean-Christophe , Glas Frank , Oehler Fabrice
Published: August 2020

We report the first investigation of indium as the vapor–liquid–solid catalyst of GaP and InGaAs nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy.
Platinum nanoparticle decorated vertically aligned graphene screen-printed electrodes: electrochemical characterisation and exploration towards the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Scremin Jessica , Joviano dos Santos Isabella V. , Hughes Jack P. , García-Miranda Ferrari Alejandro , Valderrama Enrique , Zheng Wei , Zhong Xizhou , Zhao Xin , Sartori Elen J. R. , Crapnell Robert D. , Rowley-Neale Samuel J. , Banks Craig E.
Published: August 2020

Platinum nanoparticle vertically aligned graphene (VG) screen-printed electrodes (Pt/VG-SPE) are fabricated with their physicochemical characteristics and electrocatalytic activity explored towards the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Degradable self-adhesive epidermal sensors prepared from conductive nanocomposite hydrogel
Authors: Shao Zhiang , Hu Xiangming , Cheng Weimin , Zhao Yanyun , Hou Jiaoyun , Wu Mingyue , Xue Di , Wang Yuhao
Published: August 2020

Degradable self-adhesive epidermal sensors prepared from conductive nanocomposite hydrogel have great potential in the field of transient devices.
Synthesis of indoline-fused eight-membered azaheterocycles through Zn-catalyzed dearomatization of indoles and subsequent base-promoted C–C activation
Authors: Mu Yuanyang , Yuan Yang , Wang Ye , Xu Murong , Feng Ye , Zhao Yulei , Li Yanzhong
Published: August 2020

A cascade reaction for the synthesis of indoline-fused eight-membered azaheterocycles has been developed through the Zn-catalyzed dearomatization of indoles, base-promoted ring-expansion and intramolecular SNAr reaction.
Facile synthesis and immobilization of boroxine polymers containing carbon chains and their application as adsorbents
Authors: Zhang Nan , Su Ying , Gao Yan , Bao Tao , Wang Sicen
Published: August 2020

Novel boroxine-linked covalent organic polymers was synthesized and immobilized by one pot reaction for extraction of anthraquinones.
Diversity-oriented synthesis of peptide-boronic acids by a versatile building-block approach
Authors: Hinkes Stefan P. A. , Kämmerer Severin , Klein Christian D. P.
Published: August 2020

Decarboxylative borylation and monophasic transesterification yields Fmoc-α-aminoboronates for solid-phase peptide synthesis.
Speedy one-pot electrochemical synthesis of giant octahedrons from in situ generated pyrrolidinyl PAMAM dendrimer
Authors: Singhania Anup , Dutta Mrinal , Saha Supriya , Sahoo Pathik , Bora Bharati , Ghosh Subrata , Fujita Daisuke , Bandyopadhyay Anirban
Published: August 2020

A novel electrochemical synthesis via a radical generation pathway is described here for the generation of a quaternary megamer structure from secondary dendrimers.
Discovery of molecular gas fueling galaxy growth in a protocluster at z = 1.7
Authors: D’Amato Q. , Gilli R. , Prandoni I. , Vignali C. , Massardi M. , Mignoli M. , Cucciati O. , Morishita T. , Decarli R. , Brusa M. , Calura F. , Balmaverde B. , Chiaberge M. , Liuzzo E. , Nanni R. , Peca A. , Pensabene A. , Tozzi P. , Norman C.
Published: August 2020

Based on ALMA Band 3 observations of the CO(2→1) line transition, we report the discovery of three new gas-rich (MH2 ∼ 1.5 − 4.8 × 1010 M⊙) galaxies in an overdense region at z = 1.7 that already contains eight spectroscopically confirmed members. This leads to a total of 11 confirmed overdensity members within a projected distance of ∼1.15 Mpc and in a redshift range of Δz = 0.012. Under simple assumptions, we estimate that the system has a total mass of ≥3 − 6 × 1013 M⊙, and show that it will likely evolve into a ≳1014 M⊙ cluster at z = 0. The overdensity includes a powerful Compton-thick Fanaroff-Riley type II (FRII) radio galaxy, around which we discovered a large molecular gas reservoir (MH2 ∼ 2 × 1011 M⊙). We fit the FRII resolved CO emission with a 2D Gaussian model with a major (minor) axis of ∼27 (∼17) kpc, which is a factor of ∼3 larger than the optical rest-frame emission. Under the assumption of a simple edge-on disk morphology, we find that the galaxy interstellar medium produces a column density toward the nucleus of ∼5.5 × 1023 cm−2. A dense interstellar medium like this may then contribute significantly to the total nuclear obscuration measured in the X-rays (NH, X ∼ 1.5 × 1024 cm−2) in addition to a small, paresec-scale absorber around the central engine. The velocity map of this source unveils a rotational motion of the gas that is perpendicular to the radio jets. All ALMA sources have a dust-reddened counterpart in deep Hubble Space Telescope images (bands i, z, H), while we do not detect any molecular gas reservoir around the known UV-bright, star-forming members discovered by MUSE. This highlights the capability of ALMA of tracing gas-rich members of the overdensity. For the MUSE sources, we derive 3σ upper limits to the molecular gas mass of MH2 ≤ 2.8 − 4.8 × 1010 M⊙. We derive star formation rates in the range ∼5 − 100 M⊙ yr−1 for the three new ALMA sources. The FRII is located at the center of the projected spatial distribution of the structure members, and its velocity offset from the peak of the redshift distribution is well within the velocity dispersion of the structure. All this, coupled with the large amount of gas around the FRII, its stellar mass of ∼3 × 1011 M⊙, star formation rate of ∼200 − 600 M⊙ yr−1, and powerful radio-to-X-ray emission, suggests that this source is the likely progenitor of the future brightest cluster galaxy.