bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dialogismo dramático
Authors: Tinoco Robson Coelho
Published: July 2015

Este estudo tem a intenção de avaliar algumas características discursivas e estilísticas da composição dialógica dramática. Busca, assim, verificar a necessidade da integração de elementos extratextuais em comparação a um texto mais con·vencional, por exemplo, um romance, e a leitura da mensagem nele implícita. Nessa linha argumentativa, considera como fundamental a função textual de elementos como a representação física e expressão oral dos atores, o papel do diretor, luzes, trilha musical, espaço físico do palco e mesmo o interesse da platéia pelo texto teatral sendo apresentado.
Vianinha: íntimo e pessoal
Authors: Braga Claúdia
Published: July 2015

Este artigo constitui-se em breve reflexão a propósito da posição de Oduvaldo Viana Filho no panorama da produção teatral brasileira das décadas de 1960-1970.
Entre a platéia e o tablado
Authors: Ferreira Eliane Fernanda Cunha
Published: July 2015

O objetivo deste texto é demonstrar a atuação de Machado de Assis em uma de suas funções literárias menos apreciadas pela crítica tradicional sobre a obra do escritor brasileiro: a de crítico teatral. Apresentam-se suas idéias sobre teatro e o contexto histórico-cultural da capital do Império, notadamente marcado pela presença de um teatro importado transplantado para os tablados tropicais.
Grupo Galpão
Authors: Alves Júnia de Castro Magalhães , Valente Lúcia Trindade
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho investiga o procedimento intertextual como elemento orgânico na construção da peça Um Moliere imaginário, do Grupo Galpão de teatro de rua, em Minas Gerais, Brasil.
A fatalidade do desejo
Authors: Martins Leda Maria
Published: July 2015

Neste texto abordo a reconfiguração da noção de hamartia, a falha trágica, em Senhora dos afogados, de Nelson Rodrigues, tomando como referência a personagem Moema.
Cinema (quase) sem Literatura
Authors: Assunção Teodoro Rennó
Published: July 2015

Este breve ensaio visa investigar como se dá, nos “curtas experimentais” de Cão Guimarães, a proposição de um cinema (quase) sem referência á literatura e ao teatro, ou, nos termos de Dziga-Vertov, sem atores, sem personagens, sem diálogos e sem estórias. E como o texto e a palavra resistem, com sua sutil presença, á depuração que leva á autonomia formal da imagem.
Catarse e Final Feliz
Authors: Ávila Myriam
Published: July 2015

Resumo: É a certeza de que nada mais – ou nada importante – pode acontecer após o final de um conto que permite o acontecimento da catarse. Se na maioria das narrativas existe algum tipo de dénouement, em algumas delas isso acontece de maneira especialmente satisfatória e afirmativa. O conto de fadas é uma dessas formas narrativas onde o efeito catártico é extremo e preenche objetivos específicos, de acordo com Bruno Bettelheim. Hollywood mimetizou essa forma como estratégia de sedução, iniciando a tradição do final feliz no cinema. A partir do conto de fadas Cinderela, em diferentes versões, juntamente com a animação homônima da Disney e ainda duas versões do filme Sabrina, será traçada aqui uma relação entre a catarse e o final feliz nos contos de fada, bem como seu uso pela indústria cultural.

Palavras-chave: catarse, contos de fada, Hollywood
Setembro
Authors: Santos Alessandra Dutra
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma leitura do filme Setembro, de Woody Allen, tendo como fio condutor o texto dramático Tio Vania, de Anton Tchekhov.
A Imagem como Ruína
Authors: Volpe Míriam
Published: July 2015

O dialogismo ente o filme Citizen Kane, de Orson Welles, e o poema “Kubla Khan”, de S.T. Coleridgé, é analisado, sendo evidenciados não só o tema em comum – o mito do Paraíso perdido – como também a similariedade na organização do disurso na justaposição das images, como fragmentos da memória a serem preservados.
Onde está a Nação?
Authors: Alto Romulo Monte
Published: July 2015

A representação dos diversos modos de constituição da nacionalidade em vários textos literários latino-americanos ocorre, freqüentemente, tendo como pano de fundo os espaços de fronteira, identificados com o deserto, a pampa, o mato, o sertão ou a selva. Esses espaços se tornarão territórios discursivos paradoxais, pois a nação aparece onde a civilização não existe e se constrói sobre a barbárie que renega.
O Riso Crispado: O Macarrônico Alemão de A Manha e a Ascensão e Queda do Nazismo
Authors: Engerrof Ana Carina Baron , Capela Carlos Eduardo Schmidt
Published: July 2015

Este ensaio contempla a produção de A Manha feita por personagens alemãs, criadas, ao que tudo indica, por Aparício Torelly. A discussão tem como um dos objetivos analisar maneiras pelas quais interpretações do “ser” alemão no Brasil daquele momento são efetivadas. Para tanto, partindo de uma análise rápida e parcial da produção atribuída a “colaboradores” alemães do periódico, serão discutidos originais que se referem a um único tema: o nazismo.
Aportes para una Agenda Crítica Latinoamericana: Patricia D'Allemand. Hacia una Crítica Cultural Latinoamericana. Berkeley - Lima: Centro de Estudios Literarios "Antonio Cornejo Polar", 2001
Authors: Ravetti Graciela
Published: July 2015

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Educação e Identidade Negra
Authors: Gomes Nilma Lino
Published: July 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as particularidades e possíveis articulações entre educação e identidade negra enquanto processos construídos histórica, social e culturalmente. Considera-se que essa discussão não pode prescindir do debate político sobre as reais condições sociais e educacionais da população negra na sociedade brasileira, apontando para a necessidade de construção de políticas públicas específicas voltadas para esse segmento étnico/racial.
O Sentido de "Estranho" em Leslie Silko e Kaka Werá Jecupé: Identidades Culturais, Deslocamento e Terra
Authors: Vilela Lúcia Helena Azevedo
Published: July 2015

Análise da narrativa da trajetória pessoal de personagens que revelam sua perplexidade enquanto sujeitos indígenas diante de experiências de deslocamentos forçados e perda da ligação com a terra e com o lar. O estudo é realizado à luz do conceito de “estranho” ou estranhamento de Homi Bhabha e focaliza a personagem revolucionária, Angelita La Ecapía, em Almanac of the Dead, e o narrador de Todas as vezes que dissemos adeus. O texto procura enfatizar elementos que fazem emergir a força política da narrativa ao revelarem que luta pelo espaço entre fronteiras e diversas esferas de ação ocasiona sentimentos contraditórios e muitas vezes traumáticos para os sujeitos em questão.
Impact of Firm Specific Factors on Credit Risk: A Case of Karachi Stock Exchange
Authors: Iqbal Sajid , Chaudry Saima Nasir , Iqbal Nadeem
Published: July 2015

The current study aims to explore the relationship of firm’s specific factors i-e profitability, ROA, leverage and bank size on credit risk. The population of the study consists of manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The sample of study is cement sector of Pakistan. The sample units are 22 and listed at Karachi stocks exchange. The multivariate regression analysis is used to test the data of sample. The study revealed negative significant relationship of all firm specific factors with credit risk in Pakistan. Thus, the study supported historic investigations regarding credit risk.
To Explore the Causes of Absenteeism at Government and Private Primary Schools: A Case Study from Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Nadeem , Muhammad Shamsheer , Haider Najeeb
Published: July 2015

The main purpose of the research was to evaluate the various causes of absenteeism in Government and Private school teachers in primary school Tehsil Jampur District Rajanpur (Punjab) Pakistan. 100 teachers were selected for sample. Half from government and half from private sector. In other word 50 teachers were from Government Schools and 50 were from Private School Sector. In this survey, research tool was used a questionnaire. We found out percentage for the scrutiny of information. In this scrutiny we see that Private School Teachers enjoy less leaves than Government School Teachers. Professional safety, relaxed manners of Head of Institute, various family functions, problems of conveyance and sickness are the major causes of absenteeism of the Government School Teachers. Whereas, Private School Teachers get less leaves because they believe their profession is insecure and they are less satisfied with their profession and functioning surroundings.
An Exordium to a Promise
Authors: Moslemi Amir Abbas
Published: July 2015

James Joyce’s fine shades of philosophy have been neglected in recent times, especially when it comes to fill either epistemological or ontological lacuna in taxonomy as to whereabouts of his canon. Epistemology and ontology are a couple of the core areas of philosophy. Since mirroring cognitive and post-cognitive questions in postmodern literature may invite a rereading of potential authors, a historiography of “theory of knowledge” and ontological nuances is reviewed in this paper not to represent literary examples, but to mind a hiatus in descriptive poetics. The idea is that Ulysses and Finnegans Wake gesture differently in their philosophical ‘dominance’. Analyzing the philosophical borders of the realm, it is sought to consult with literary critics beside canonical authors who dissected their mind in epistemology just to propound an initial disquisition about a novelist who never wanted his works to be prescribed by simple bounds due to their literary nature. This paper may be useful to those who pursue any link between literature and philosophy, specifically those who are willing to know more about postmodernist philosophical concerns of literature.
International Transmission of Monetary Policy: The Usa to India
Authors: Patnaik Anuradha
Published: July 2015

The present study attempts measure the transmission of monetary impulse from the USA to India by trying to quantify the extent of volatility spillover from the US monetary policy to the exchange rate and interest rate of India. By applying a t-DCC MGARCH model to daily data on Fed Funds Rate, Rupee Dollar Exchange Rate and the Call Money rate of India it was found that there is considerable volatility spillover from the Fed Rate to the exchange rate. Spillover is also clearly evident in case of the call rate. The extent of spillover is higher for the foreign exchange rate than the call money rate. However, it was also noticed that the spillover is asymmetric in either of the cases and is higher during phases of high volatility. In an era of flexible exchange rates excessive dependence of the Indian Economy on short term capital flows to finance the current account deficits which raises the dollar demand and exposes the Indian economy to the Monetary Policy of the US, needs to be reduced. Reforms in the nature of capital flows is also the need of the hour.
Ageing and the Welfare State: A Theory of Risk
Authors: Powell Jason L.
Published: July 2015

How do we define "old age"? Is it a stage in life defined by a particular age or event such as retirement, is it determined by physical characteristics and the loss of independence, or is it an artifact of social structures? Indeed, is it helpful to categorize people as being "old" at all, as opposed to being "disadvantaged" or "dependent"? It may be inaccurate to expect older people to see themselves as a category with particular health needs and wants.Hence, the key task is to analyse the interplay between social policy and the lives of individuals, families or groups and communities. The expectation of negative events in the future and the different ways of how to respond to such expectations is central for the sociological approach to risk and uncertainty (Zinn 2004). Part of this reflexive response is the importance of recognising self-subjective dimensions of emotions, trust, biographical knowledge and resources (Zinn 2005) that impinge on the existential shaping old age. Hence, our discussion provides a critical narrative to the importance to the study of old age and welfarism in America and Europe.
The Mediating Role of Risk Perception among Cognitive Biases towards Decision to Start a New Venture
Authors: Butt Maheen , Jamil Nadia , Nawaz Rabia
Published: July 2015

The Objective of the study is to investigate the relationship of overconfidence bias and illusion of control bias towards the start of new venture, with the mediating role of risk perception in context of Pakistan. To understand the relationship, this study developed and tested hypothesis by correlation and regression analysis. This study’s sample consisted of 170 students pursuing a Masters of Business Administration. The students’ responses to a survey based on a case study regarding a decision to start a venture were examined. This study found illusion of control and risk perceptions have significant effect on decision to start new venture. Conversely, overconfidence bias has insignificant relationship with decision to start new venture. The positive and negative impact of biases and perceiving low levels of risk suggest the importance of exploring the area of venture formation. As this study has incorporated two biases but many other biases should also be considered that effect human decision making process like self-efficacy, availability heuristics, law of small numbers and escalation of commitment.
Avaliação de restaurante universitário por meio do regulamento técnico de boas práticas para serviços de alimentação
Authors: Santos Rebeca Morais Silva , Gouveia Deyzi Santos , Rocha Ana Paula Trindade , Silva Willame Mendes da , Lins Analha Dyalla Feitosa
Published: July 2015

Diante dos desconfortos ocorridos no Restaurante Universitário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Campus I, relacionados à qualidade das refeições servidas diariamente, notou-se a necessidade da implantação de um programa de verificação e atualização das boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos. Objetivou-se a avaliação das práticas de manipulação alimentar e das condições das instalações higiênico-sanitárias do restaurante, com posterior treinamento dos funcionários, para melhoramento da qualidade e segurança dos alimentos servidos. A verificação deu-se pela aplicação do check-list disposto na resolução RDC nº 216/2004 da ANVISA. O Restaurante Universitário apresentou dos 123 questionamentos realizados, 37,3% de conformidades, 43% de não conformidades, e os demais quesitos foram preenchidos com a opção NA (Não se aplica) ou não puderam ser preenchidos por falta de acesso às informações necessárias. Conforme a classificação pela Categorização dos Serviços de Alimentação da ANVISA, o estabelecimento foi no Grupo 4, com nota 605,38. O Restaurante Universitário oferecia riscos de ocorrências de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos, devido à grande quantidade de itens avaliados fora da conformidade. Sugeriu-se treinamento contínuo aos funcionários e a disponibilização de um profissional capacitado na área, para supervisão e treinamento dos manipuladores de alimentos.
Efeito residual da jitirana, flor-de-seda e mata-pasto no cultivo da rúcula em sucessão a beterraba
Authors: Almeida Alany Moisa Bezerra , Linhares Paulo César Ferreira , Liberalino Filho João , Neves Ana Paula Morais , Morais Sérgio Luiz Silva de
Published: July 2015

O efeito residual da adubação anterior em cultivos subsequente é de suma importância, uma vez que a fertilização do solo em uma atividade tão intensa, como a olericultura, aumentaria o custo de produção sempre que fosse implantada uma nova cultura. Este trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, localizada no distrito de Alagoinha, zona rural de Mossoró-RN, no período de novembro a dezembro de 2011. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito residual da jitirana, flor-de-seda e mata-pasto no cultivo da rúcula em sucessão a beterraba. A beterraba foi plantada em parcelas de 1,2 x 1,2 m e adubado com espécies espontâneas, nas quantidades: 0,6; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4 e 3,0 kg m-2 de canteiro. Após a retirada da beterraba, semearam-se sementes de rúcula nas parcelas referente aos tratamentos acima citados. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições, no esquema fatorial 5 x 3, sendo cinco quantidades e três tipos de adubos verdes (jitirana; flor-de-seda e mata-pasto). A cultivar de rúcula plantada foi a Cultivada. As características avaliadas foram: altura e número de folhas por planta, massa fresca, número de molho de rúcula e massa seca. Houve interação dos fatores estudados para massa fresca de rúcula e número de molhos. O efeito residual na quantidade de 3,0 kg m-2 de canteiro contribuiu para a massa fresca de rúcula da ordem de 762; 684 e 713 g m-2 de canteiro, equivalente a 6,0; 5,0 e 5,0 molhos de rúcula para jitirana, flor-de-seda e mata-pasto, respectivamente. Jitirana, flor-de-seda e mata-pasto são espécies promissoras para ser utilizadas como adubo verde na produção de hortaliças.
Scale dependence of disease impacts on quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) mortality in the southwestern United States
Authors: Bell David M. , Bradford John B. , Lauenroth William K.
Published: July 2015

Depending on how disease impacts tree exposure to risk, both the prevalence of disease and disease effects on survival may contribute to patterns of mortality risk across a species' range. Disease may accelerate tree species' declines in response to global change factors, such as drought, biotic interactions, such as competition, or functional traits, such as allometry. To assess the role of disease in mediating mortality risk in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), we developed hierarchical Bayesian models for both disease prevalence in live aspen stems and the resulting survival rates of healthy and diseased aspen near the species' southern range limit using 5088 individual trees on 281 United States Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis plots in the southwestern United States.

We found that disease prevalence depended primarily on tree size, tree allometry, and spatial variation in precipitation, while mortality depended on tree size, allometry, competition, spatial variation in summer temperature, and both temporal and spatial variation in summer precipitation. Disease prevalence was highest in large trees with low slenderness found on dry sites. For healthy trees, mortality decreased with diameter, slenderness, and temporal variation in summer precipitation, but increased with competition and spatial variation in summer temperature. Mortality of diseased trees decreased with diameter and aspen relative basal area and increased with mean summer temperature and precipitation. Disease infection increased aspen mortality, especially in trees of intermediate size and trees on plots at climatic extremes (i.e., cool, wet and warm, dry climates).

By examining variation in disease prevalence, mortality of healthy trees, and mortality of diseased trees, we showed that the role of disease in aspen tree mortality depended on the scale of inference. For variation among individuals in diameter, disease tended to expose intermediate‐size trees experiencing moderate risk to greater risk. For spatial variation in summer temperature, disease exposed lower risk populations to greater mortality probabilities, but the magnitude of this exposure depended on summer precipitation. Furthermore, the importance of diameter and slenderness in mediating responses to climate supports the increasing emphasis on trait variation in studies of ecological responses to global change.
The Highlander Field – A Year's Operating Experience
Authors: Dover S. , Cooling M. T.
Published: July 2015

In 1985 the Highlander field was brought on stream from one of the first generation of advanced remote controlled subsea production facilities in the North Sea only 15 months after approval to develop was given by the Department of Energy. The successful development of the Highlander field was made possible through both innovative ideas and the development of existing technology. This paper describes the problems and successes during one year's operating experience of that technology.
Fire Hazard from an Underwater Release of Natural Gas
Authors: Løes M. , Fanneløp T. K.
Published: July 2015

Underwater gas releases due to blowouts, pipeline or riser breaks etc., represents a potential fire hazard for structures and crafts near the surfacing zone. The hydrodynamics of the underwater bubbleplume has been the subject of several recent investigations, but no method or data, useful in predicting the gas concentration above the surfacing zone, are known to exist. The paper presents measurements from a field experiment using methane flow rates up to 1.3 Nm3/s at a depth of 50 m. In addition to the continuous concentration measurements from 4 sensors in the surfacing zone (50 cm above the water surface), certain plume parameters were also measured, or deduced from video recordings; e.g. plume rise time in air and water and plume center wandering and offset. The experiments were performed under ideal weather conditions and the data obtained are not influenced by extraneous environmental factors (wind, waves, currents or stratification). For comparison with the data a simple momentum theory has been developed for the zone-of-formation of the light gas plume. The agreement with the averaged concentration data is very good over the range of flow rates investigated.
Cost Effective Data Acquisition for Small Developments
Authors: Johnson John D
Published: July 2015

A cost effective method for obtaining reservoir data to define the depletion mechanism in the small Odin gas field is described. The addition of a simple work program to the drilling plan for the first development well provided basic reservoir and aquifer data, and the well completion scheme provided for continuing reservoir surveillance.

Cost effective methods for reservoir data acquisition are particularly relevant for marginal developments. This discussion should be of interest for operators of gas fields where the depletion mechanism is not defined, and where early acquisition of additional data can provide an indication of the mechanism.

A brief development history of Odin field illustrates the need for good reservoir data. Initially there was some uncertainty surrounding the amount of bottom water influx into the Odin gas sand and the resulting reservoir depletion mechanism. Conclusions about the expected type of reservoir depletion mechanism were drawn from data including conventional core analysis, measured pressure gradients, fluid saturation logs, and production well tests. Production history is shown which confirms the conclusions made from the initial data acquisition.
Extending the Innes Field Life by Cost Effective Subsea Technology
Authors: Workman D. M. , Methven J. O. , Kearns J.
Published: July 2015

This paper describes the approach taken by Hamilton Brothers to extend the economic life of the Innes Field, one of the North Sea's smallest producing oil fields. Emphasis is placed on the importance of minimising production operating costs for developed fields. In the case of Innes this was achieved by applying "low cost technology" to change the Innes production mode from a dedicated floating production facility to a subsea satellite manifold producing to a remote floating production facility (FPF). The feasibility study, the Innes flow test and the eventual project work leading to the demobilisation of the Innes FPF and the routing of Innes fluids to the nearby FPF "Deepsea Pioneer" are described in the paper.
Are There Any Solutions to the Problem of Declining Nephrology Enrolment? A Dialogue Between Two Practicing Nephrologists
Authors: Brown Pierre Antoine , Hiremath Swapnil
Published: July 2015

Nephrology, the study of kidney diseases, took its birth as a separate specialty many decades ago, and has gradually more in importance, especially with the advent of renal replacement therapy and kidney transplantation. Nephrology also has a strong physiology foundation; indeed an understanding of renal physiology is crucial for dealing with electrolyte and acid-base problems that a physician commonly faces in day-to-day practice. Perhaps this is why it comes as a surprise that the interest in nephrology fellowships is declining - at least in North America. In this article, we present a dialogue between two practicing nephrologists, working at a tertiary care academic Canadian centre, on some potential solutions to this problem.
Nephrology Fellowship Training in India: Why is Scenario Different?
Authors: Jamale Tukaram
Published: July 2015

This short paper gives details about the personal features of Nephrology that attracted the author to the field, and discusses whether these features could remain attractive for the current generation of Nephrology trainees.
Structural and productivity characteristics of montane beech forests in the area of Radava mountain
Authors: Golic Igor
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a typological study of the ecological unit of mountain
beech forests in the area of Radava mountain. The aim of this research is to
present the basic characteristics of these forests ecosystems through the
process of defining forest types. The results will help in defining the
forest type and according to the results of this research will create
conditions for a more realistic definition of goals in planning the
management of these and other forest ecosystems.
Timelike geodesics around a charged spherically symmetric dilaton black hole
Authors: Blaga C.
Published: July 2015

In this paper we study the timelike geodesics around a spherically symmetric
charged dilaton black hole. The trajectories around the black hole are
classified using the effective potential of a free test particle. This
qualitative approach enables us to determine the type of orbit described by
test particle without solving the equations of motion, if the parameters of
the black hole and the particle are known. The connections between these
parameters and the type of orbit described by the particle are obtained. To
visualize the orbits we solve numerically the equation of motion for
different values of parameters envolved in our analysis. The effective
potential of a free test particle looks different for a non-extremal and an
extremal black hole, therefore we have examined separately these two types of
black holes.
O and Fe abundance correlations and distributions inferred for the thick and thin disk
Authors: Caimmi R.
Published: July 2015

A linear [Fe/H]-[O/H] relation is found for different stellar populations in
the Galaxy (halo, thick disk, thin disk) from a data sample obtained in a
recent investigation (Ram??rez et al. 2013). These correlations support
previous results inferred from poorer samples: stars display a ?main
sequence? expressed as [Fe/H] = a[O/H] + b -+ ?b where the unit slope, a = 1,
implies a constant [O/Fe] abundance ratio. Oxygen and iron empirical
abundance distributions are then determined for different subsamples, which
are well explained by the theoretical predictions of multistage
closed-(box+reservoir) (MCBR) chemical evolution models taking into account
the found correlations. The interpretation of these distributions in the
framework of MCBR models gives us clues about inflow/outflow rates in these
different Galactic regions and their corresponding evolution. Outflow rates
for the thick and the thin disks are lower than the halo outflow rate.
Besides that, the iron-to-oxygen yield ratio and the primary to not primary
contribution ratio for the iron production are obtained from the data,
resulting consistent with the SNII progenitor nucleosynthesis and with the
iron production from SNIa supernova events.
Study of Cherenkov light lateral distribution function around the knee region in extensive air showers
Authors: Al-Rubaiee A. , Hashim U. , Marwah M. , Al-Douri Y.
Published: July 2015

The Cherenkov light lateral distribution function (LDF) was simulated with
the CORSIKAcode in the energy range (1013 - 1016) eV. This simulation was
performed for conditions and configurations of the Tunka EAS Cherenkov array
for the two primary particles (p and Fe). Basing on the simulated results,
many approximated functions are structured for two primary particles and
different zenith angles. This allowed us to reconstruct the EAS events, which
is, to determine the type and energy of the primary particles that produced
showers from signal amplitudes of Cherenkov radiation measured by the Tunka
Cherenkov array experiment. Comparison of the calculated LDF of Cherenkov
radiation with that measured at the Tunka EAS array shows the ability to
identify the primary particle that initiated the EAS cascades by determining
its primary energy around the knee region of the cosmic ray spectrum.
GC/MS analysis, free radical scavenging, anticancer and β-glucuronidase inhibitory activities of Trillium govanianum rhizome
Authors: Rahman Shafiq ur , Ismail Muhammad , Shah Muhammad Raza , Iriti Marcello , Shahid Muhammad
Published: July 2015

The current study aims to investigate the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, β-glucuronidase inhibitory and anticancer activities of Trillium govanianum rhizome. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroidal glycosides, saponins, sterols, flavonoids and carbohydrates. GC/MS analyses of n-hexane fraction identified 12 compounds, including 70% unsaturated and 30% saturated fatty acids. Higher free radical scavenging capacity was observed in n-hexane and chloroform fraction compared with the other fractions. Based on IC50 (μg/mL) values, antiproliferative activity on HeLa cells was observed for  chloroform (0.8 ± 0.2), ethyl acetate (1.4 ± 0.1) and butanol (1.6 ± 0.3) fractions by comparison to anticancer drug doxorubicin (0.3 ± 0.0). Similarly, all fractions exhibited cytotoxicity on PC-3 cells. Moreover, the methanol extract (IC50: 140.8 ± 3.8) and butanol fraction (196.2 ± 1.9) exhibited a moderate level of β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity. These findings may validate the folkloric uses of T. govanianum rhizome in cancer management, and can be a promising candidate as an anticancer agent.

 
Safety and Mechanism of Action of Licensed Vaccine Adjuvants
Authors: Rambe Dirga Sakti , Giudice Giuseppe Del , Rossi Stefania , Sanicas Melvin
Published: July 2015

Vaccines are some of the most effective tools for the prevention of infectious diseases. Adjuvants are included in vaccines for a variety of reasons: to increase the breadth of response, to lower antigen dose, to overcome limited immune response in some populations, or to enable complex combination vaccines. This study aims to review the safety of licensed vaccine adjuvants and describe their mechanism of action. Potential publications for inclusion were identified through a direct search of PubMed/Medline database. Results of online literature searches were supplemented by relevant papers cited in published studies along with the authors knowledge of published studies. To date, there are 5 licensed vaccine adjuvants in US and Europe: Aluminum salts (EU, US), MF59 (EU), AS03 (EU), AS04 (EU, US), and virosomes (EU). AS03 is not available as an adjuvant in other vaccines but included within the US governments National Stockpile. All vaccines that contain these adjuvants have been proven safe in clinical trials and post-marketing studies, with the exception of the AS03, for which the rare events of narcolepsy have been reported in some countries. Every adjuvant has a complex and often multifactorial immunological mechanism, usually poorly understood in vivo. The safety profile of an adjuvant, including the actual and hypothetical risks, is a critical component that can speed up or impede adjuvant development. The increasing understanding in adjuvant sciences is fundamental to the further development of new adjuvants.Rambe et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, July 2015, 4(8): 420-431
Public health in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Barman Arunodaya
Published: July 2015

South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 1-3
Factors associated with symptoms of reproductive tract infection/sexually transmitted infection and treatment seeking behavior among men in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Chellan Ramesh
Published: July 2015

The International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action paid attention to male sexual and reproductive health issues including RTI/STI as well as infertility, sexual dysfunction and sexual violence. In India, male reproductive health problems had been recognized as a public health issue. This paper is an attempt to examine the determinants of prevalence of RTI/STI and treatment seeking behavior and their socio-economic and demographic characteristics in Tamil Nadu, India by using the data of the District Level Household Survey-Reproductive and Child Health Survey, 2002-04. The logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with symptoms of RTI/STI and treatment seeking behavior for RTI/STI symptoms respectively. The study results indicated that about 2.8% of respondents reported at least one symptom of RTI/STI. One-fifth (19.5%) of them had reported two or more symptoms. Among those who reported symptoms, 45.5% of men sought treatment from some sources. Multivariate analysis revealed that men residing in the Inland region, belonging to Muslim, men with high standard of living, and aware about HIV/AIDS were sig-nificantly less likely to report symptoms of RTI/STI. Men whose wife reported experience of symptoms of RTI/STI are significantly more likely to report symptom of RTI/STI. Further, men whose wife experienced symptoms of RTI/STI, and who ever discussed RTI/STI symptoms with their wife were significantly more likely to seek treatment from pubic as well as private health facility. The study suggests that there is an urgent need to address public health care services and a need to take necessary steps to provide quality health care and user friendly sexual and reproductive health care services.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 7-15
Role of Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) amplifying conserved 5.8S and ITS regions of the cryptococcal DNA in the diagnosis of Cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Dharmshale Sujata , Bharadwaj Renu
Published: July 2015

Cryptococcus neoformans, a common fungal pathogen of the central nervous system, results in high morbidity and mortality, unless diagnosed early and specific treatment instituted. The efficacy of the currently available tests for diagnosis (i.e. microscopy and latex agglutination test) are limited. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. This cross-sectional prospective study was carried out in a large tertiary care hospital, Pune, India during April 2009 to February 2012. A total of 111 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from patients with suspected cryptococcal meningitis. All samples were processed for microscopy, culture, antigen detection by Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System (CALAS) and PCR using specific primers CN4/CN5. The PCR was evaluated using culture as the gold standard and results compared with those obtained by microscopy and latex agglutination. In the present study 55(49.54%) had laboratory confirmed cryptococcal meningitis (either smear/CALAS/culture/PCR positive). The sensitivity of PCR, antigen detection test and microscopy was 100%, 89.19% and 78.4% respectively while the specificity of these tests was 82.43%, 85.14% & 90% respectively. The positive predictive value of the PCR was 74% and the negative predictive value was 100%. The PCR technique proved to be a rapid and reliable technique for the early diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 31-35
Public Health Foundation, Bangladesh: Programs and Activities - 2004
Authors: Editor The
Published: July 2015

South East Asia Journal of Public Health 2014;4(2):60-62.
A Quartically Convergent Jarratt-Type Method for Nonlinear System of Equations
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Mohammad , Soleymani Fazlollah
Published: July 2015

In this work, we propose a new fourth-order Jarratt-type method for solving systems of nonlinear equations. The local convergence order of the method is proven analytically. Finally, we validate our results via some numerical experiments including an application to the Chandrashekar integral equations.
H∞ Control for Markov Jump Systems with Nonlinear Noise Intensity Function and Uncertain Transition Rates
Authors: Wang Xiaonian , Guo Yafeng
Published: July 2015

The problem of robust H∞ control is investigated for Markov jump systems with nonlinear noise intensity function and uncertain transition rates. A robust H∞ performance criterion is developed for the given systems for the first time. Based on the developed performance criterion, the desired H∞ state-feedback controller is also designed, which guarantees the robust H∞ performance of the closed-loop system. All the conditions are in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), and hence they can be readily solved by any LMI solver. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Environmental Resource Management in Borderlands: Evolution from Competing Interests to Common Aversions
Authors: Buckley Patrick , Belec John , Levy Jason
Published: July 2015

Great enthusiasm is attached to the emergence of cross-border regions (CBRs) as a new institutional arrangement for dealing with local cross-border environmental resource management and other issues that remain too distant from national capitals and/or too expensive to be addressed in the traditional topocratic manner requiring instead local adhocratic methods. This study briefly discusses the perceived value of CBRs and necessary and sufficient conditions for the successful and sustainable development of such places. Then, assuming that necessary conditions can be met, the study investigates an intriguing hypothesis concerning the catalyzing of sustainable consensus for cross-border resource management based on a game theoretical approach that employs the use of dilemma of common aversion rather than the more traditional dilemma of competing common interests. Using this lens to investigate a series of events on the Pacific northwestern Canadian-American border in a part of the Fraser Lowland, we look for evidence of the emergence of an active and sustainable CBR to address local trans-border resource management issues. Although our micro-level scale fails to conclusively demonstrate such evidence, it does demonstrate the value of using this approach and suggests a number of avenues for further research.
Interferon Beta-1a (AVONEX®) as a Treatment Option for Untreated Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (AXIOM): A Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Kleinschnitz Christoph , Niemczyk Gabriele , Rehberg-Weber Karin , Wernsdörfer Colin
Published: July 2015

The efficacy and safety of first-line disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) has been demonstrated in pivotal, randomized trials, but these studies do not reflect the routine care setting where treatment gaps or switches are common. The Avonex as Treatment Option for Untreated MS Patients (AXIOM) trial assessed the efficacy of newly-initiated intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IM IFNb-1a) after a treatment-free interval, with particular consideration of the previous course of disease and therapy. The AXIOM trial was an open, 12-month, observational, non-interventional study with a retrospective and a prospective part conducted in Germany. RRMS patients with a treatment-free interval of at least three months were included and treated with IFNb-1a for up to 12 months. Relapse rate, disability progression, injection-related parameters and quality of life observed during the prospective part were compared with retrospectively-collected data. Two hundred and thirty five RRMS patients participated in AXIOM. The mean relapse rate decreased from 1.1 in the three months before baseline to 0.2 per quarter during the twelve-month observational period; the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite score improved during twelve months of IM IFNb-1a treatment, while the Expanded Disability Status Scale score did not change over the course of this study. Compared to previous DMTs (IM IFNb-1a, subcutaneous IFNb-1a (SC IFNb-1a), SC IFNb-1b, glatiramer acetate), the patients experienced less injection site reactions and flu-like symptoms, with a stated improved quality of life. IM IFNb-1a was effective and well accepted in RRMS patients with no or discontinued previous therapy. These results from the routine care setting may inform optimization of DMT treatment in RRMS, but need confirmation in further studies.
A Time Difference Method for Measurement of Phase Shift between Distributed Feedback Laser Diode (DFB-LD) Output Wavelength and Intensity
Authors: Liu Yongning , Chang Jun , Lian Jie , Liu Zhaojun , Wang Qiang , Zhu Cunguang
Published: July 2015

A time difference method to conveniently measure the phase shift between output wavelength and intensity of distributed feedback laser diodes (DFB-LDs) was proposed. This approach takes advantage of asymmetric absorption positions at the same wavelength during wavelength increase and decrease tuning processes in the intensity-time curve by current modulation. For its practical implementation, a measurement example of phase shift was demonstrated by measuring a time difference between the first time and the second time attendances of the same gas absorption line in the intensity-time curve during one sine or triangle modulation circle. The phase shifts at modulation frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 50 kHz were measured with a resolution of 0.001π. As the modulation frequency increased the shift value increased with a slowed growth rate.
III. L’Allemagne centrale
Authors: Klein Ulrich
Published: July 2015

Die Mitte Deutschlands, von Ulrich Klein

Der Beitrag behandelt nach der heutigen territorialen Einteilung die Bundesländer Hessen, Thüringen, Sachsen-Anhalt und Sachsen, die sich als breiter Streifen vom Rhein im Westen bis zur Neiße im Osten in der Mitte Deutschlands erstrecken. Hessen ist im Spätmittelalter vor allem durch Fachwerkbauten geprägt, dagegen kommt dem Steinbau hier keine große Bedeutung zu. Beginnend mit den ältesten Fachwerkbauten von 1289 in Limburg, kann im Laufe des 14. Jahrhunderts eine Abkehr von den älteren Konstruktionsformen mit konzentrierter Queraussteifung hin zu moderneren Bauten mit gereihten Gebinden festgestellt werden, die bis Mitte des 15. Jahrhunderts überall abgeschlossen ist. Seitdem läßt sich auch eine zunehmende regionale Differenzierung der Bauten feststellen, die zu sehr kleinteiligen Hauslandschaften führt, die sich sowohl von den süd-wie auch den norddeutschen Landschaften deutlich unterscheiden und eine eigene Gruppe bilden. In dem nach Osten an Hessen anschließenden Thüringen fehlen dagegen bei den auch hier zahlreichen Fachwerkbauten die Merkmale eine solchen mittleren Gruppe, denn Bauten mit süddeutschen und norddeutschen Merkmalen mischen sich unmittelbar, die in Hessen als moderner beschriebenen Bauten dominieren hier von Anfang an. In Thüringen nimmt die Bedeutung der Steinbauten vor allen in den größeren Städten gegenüber Hessen zu. Bei den gotischen Bauten ist besonders auffällig, daß neben den im Erd-oder Obergeschoß eingestellten Block-oder Bohlenstuben kaum weitere Binnenunterteilungen vorhanden sind. Das nördlich an Thüringen angrenzende Sachsen-Anhalt setzt sich historisch gewachsen aus einem südlichen, kulturgeschichtlich an Thüringen angelehnten, und einen nördlichen, bereits niederdeutsch geprägten Landesteil zusammen. Dort stehen nebeneinander Großbauten in norddeutscher Backsteinbauweise und niederdeutsche Fachwerkbauten, die vor allem am Harzrand dominierend sind und die ältesten Belege für diese in allen größeren Städten Norddeutschland bereits im Spätmittelalter weitgehend durch Backsteinbauten verdrängte Bauform darstellen. Das östlich an Thüringen anschließende Sachsen ist von Massivbauten geprägt, die in weiten Teilen der hier im ausgehenden 15. Jahrhundert beginnenden Renaissancebauweise entsprechen und vielfach ältere Bauten ersetzt haben. Auch in Sachsen sind bei spätmittelalterlichen Bauten Bohlenstuben häufig zu finden. Die ländliche Bauweise wird hier in größeren Regionen durch sog. „ Umgebindebauten“ dominiert, einer Kombination von Fachwerk-und Blockbau, deren älteste Beispiele aber kaum vor 1500 zurückreichen.
Les peintures murales de l’église de Gimel. Éléments d’analyse
Authors: Delcroix-Landry Claudine
Published: July 2015

An analysis of the wall paintings in the church at Gimel, by Claudine Delcroix-Landry

Several paintings in the chevet of the church of Saint-Pardoux at Gimel-les-Cascades (Corrèze) had been hidden since the eighteenth century by a retable and have recently been made visible. The church, the seat of an important deanery, was part of the diocese of Limoges before being attached to that of Tulle in 1822. The stratigraphy of this painted decoration is highly complex. The restoration undertaken in 2006-2007 benefitted the best preserved paintings, a Saint Anthony and a Trinity on the left of the bay, an Annunciation and a military saint on the right. The Saint Anthony, recognizable by the traditional attributes, is a devotional image comparable to so many others from the end of the Middle Ages ; the Trinity is a Trône de Grâce which may date from the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century. As for the

Annunciation, it follows a model that circulated widely in Parisian books of hours at the end of the fifteenth century.
Un présent royal indésirable : l’ex-voto de la victoire de Rhodes en 1480 à Notre-Dame de Paris
Authors: Hamon Étienne
Published: July 2015

An undesirable royal present : the ex-voto of the victory of Rhodes in 1480 at Notre-Dame de Paris, by Étienne Hamon

The victory at Rhodes in August 1480 offered Christian Europe a brief respite in its struggle against the Turks. Relaying propaganda from the Hospitaller Order, King Louis XI of France decided a few months before his death in 1483 to offer a monument commemorating the event to Notre-Dame de Paris. The hitherto known texts give a confusing echo of the affair. The deliberations of the chapter of Notre-Dame, published only in part, reveal the true nature of the ex-voto : a statue, probably a king, accompanied by a painting representing the siege of the island. The documents identify the actual patron of the painting as Antoine d’Aubusson, brother of the grand maître of the Hospitallers, Pierre d’Aubusson, and they make clear the reluctance of the canons to hang the picture in the church, despite the insistence of Charles VIII and his close advisors. The fate of the picture, sent back in 1487, remains mysterious, but a series of clues suggest that it is one of the most enigmatic French paintings from the last quarter of the fifteenth century that has come down to us, the panoramic view of the siege of Rhodes hanging in the town hall at Épernay.
Restaurations récentes à la cathédrale de Chartres et nouvelles recherches
Authors: Lautier Claudine
Published: July 2015

Au cours des années récentes, la cathédrale de Chartres a bénéficié de restaurations importantes qui ont concerné aussi bien l’architecture et la polychromie intérieure que la sculpture et les vitraux. Les verrières du choeur et de la façade du bras sud du transept ont retrouvé toute leur luminosité. Dans le choeur, certaines d’entre elles avaient perdu une partie de leurs panneaux au XVIIIe siècle, panneaux qui ont été remplacés au début du XXe siècle. Cependant, leur examen en atelier a démontré l’excellent état des parties du XIIIe siècle qui constitue la majorité de la vitrerie. La restauration de la polychromie intérieure des niveaux supérieurs du choeur a transformé radicalement notre perception de l’architecture grâce aux enduits ocre clair et blancs. Elle a aussi mis au jour un décor héraldique peint sur les clefs de voûte, élément fondamental pour une nouvelle datation des voûtes et du contrebutement ; celle-ci est confortée par l’analyse archéologique des niveaux supérieurs de l’élévation. En effet, si les murs gouttereaux ont été érigés et les vitraux mis en place avant 1221, date de l’installation des chanoines dans le choeur liturgique, les voûtes et les arcs-boutants n’ont pu être construits qu’entre 1257 et 1260, date de la dédicace de la cathédrale.