bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Karakteristik Morfologi Dan Sebaran Lamun Halophila spinulosa (R.Br.) Aschers. Di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Indonesia
Authors: Adi Wahyu , Muftiadi M. Rizza , Henri Henri , Pamungkas Aditya , Supratman Okto
Published: November 2023

Halophila spinulosa (R. Br.) Aschers merupakan salah satu jenis lamun ditemukan di Indonesia dengan sebarannya terbatas. Salah satu daerah yang ditemukan jenis lamun Halophila spinulosa yaitu di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Meskipun ditemukan di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung akan tetapi informasi jenis lamun ini sangat terbatas. Adapun tujuan penelitian yaitu mengidentifikasi karakter morfologi,  mengetahui jenis lamun yang berasosiasi dengan lamun Halophila spinulosa dan menyajikan peta sebaran Halophila spinulosa di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Metode penelitian untuk karakter morfologi lamun berdasarkan data lapangan berupa foto, kemudian dibandingkan dengan sumber identifikasi dari buku dan jurnal penelitian. Peta sebaran lamun ditentukan berdasarkan penelusuran pustaka dari tahun 2015 s.d 2022 kemudian dibuat peta dengan menggunakan dengan software Arcmap 10.8.  Hasil penelitian karakter morfologi spesies Halophila spinulosa dapat dilihat dari bentuk akar, rhizoma, daun, bunga dan buah. Bentuk akar jenis ini yaitu perakaran yang tidak bercabang (simple root) dan setiap buku (node) pada rhizoma memiliki satu akar. Bentuk daun majemuk yang berbentuk bulat panjang yang berpasangan, dengan posisi berlawanan, terletak pada satu bidang, tersusun miring disekitar tangkai dan memiliki ujung daun bergerigi (serrated). Sebaran lamun lamun Halophila spinulosa di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung tersebar di daerah Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Kabupaten Bangka Selatan dan Kabupaten Belitung.  Spesies  Halophila spinulosa  sering ditemukan bercampur (berasosiasi) dengan jenis lamun Halodule uninervis dan Oceana serrulata.
Choosing a Method for Approximating the Spectral Distribution of Colour LEDs and Comparing their Parameters and Characteristics in Nominal Mode
Authors: Delyan Ruzana А. , Erokhin Mikhail M. , Markova Svetlana N. , Potapov Artemiy S. , Savitskaya Anna , Terekhov Gennady P. , Turkin Andrey N.
Published: November 2023

New technologies and new light sources make it possible to create fundamentally new approaches in the design and construction of lighting devices. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are a relatively new, promising and energy-efficient light source with a few unique properties: long lifetime, high luminous efficiency, aesthetics, environmental friendliness, reliability, high durability, and possibility to create a variety of spectra easily. During the lighting devices development, it is convenient to use mathematical approximations of the spectral distributions of the used LEDs in the composition of the product to calculate the final spectrum of the device in the visible range. These calculation methods are particularly interesting in architectural lighting. They are also applicable to the development of modern LED greenhouse irradiators. The article considers two main methods for approximating the emission spectra of colour LEDs: via symmetric and asymmetric distribution. The spectral distributions of four main types of LEDs that are used in the lighting devices design based on colour LEDs were measured in a wide range of currents from 100 mA to 1000 mA: red, amber, green, and blue. The results were also compared with a model that considers the two-dimensional density of states and potential fluctuations in the active region of the heterostructure of LED. Based on the carried-out measurements and calculations, the optimal approximation method via the asymmetric spectral distribution of LED radiation was determined.
Ethics of Exhibition Space Lighting in Art Museums
Authors: Kezina Natalya V.
Published: November 2023

Exhibition lighting is one of the most important subjects in terms of forming of an image of the entire museum as well as of perception of particular exhibits. This article reviews aspects of art museum lighting, presents examples of interaction of light and fine art pieces, and gives a perspective on possible methods of picture lighting accounting for nuances of the subject and the state of a painting. We will try to describe the main aspects and principles of work with paintings.
Criteria of Museum Colour and Luminous Environment Concept Selection
Authors: Lezzhova Ekaterina S.
Published: November 2023

The article formulates the criteria of selection of the colour and luminous concept in museums of different profiles with focus on visitors of exhibition halls. The amount of light and the quality of illumination solution are important parameters affecting preservation of pieces of art, perception of museum environment, and capability to research any exhibit.
Showcase illumination requires not only meeting exhibit lighting standards, but also balancing showcase illumination with general hall lighting. If daylighting is present, the problem becomes more complicated: it is necessary to select illuminance and luminance levels, locations of showcases and exhibits in them.
For demonstration and convenient perception of paintings, it is important to create a comfortable illumination solution, to fill the space with light, to select appropriate contrast.
Cultural heritage of Russia is huge, and, naturally, no exhibition may consist of exhibits of the same light resistance category. Annual luminous exposure may help find a solution for lighting design in this case.
Light and shadow are inseparable, that combination gives a perspective of volume and texture of a piece of art. But shadow may distort exhibit perception therefore it is necessary to work with it.
Another complication and, at the same time, a limitless area for creativity is using and/or limiting daylighting. Lighting design depends on the goals and objectives of a project.
How to Expand Target Audience of a Museum by Using Light
Authors: Potapova Natalya V.
Published: November 2023

The article describes the experience in implementation of light engineering projects by the Moscow Lights Museum from 2009 to 2021. Examples are provided on how a light design may affect the target audience of a museum, duration of exhibition touring, expansion of the cultural and educational activities. Information about the role of light in adaptation of the museum for visually impaired visitors is also provided.
Design of Exhibition Lighting Considering Damaging Impact of Light
Authors: Sizy Sergey N.
Published: November 2023

An important problem of museum exhibition lighting design is finding a balance between illumination conditions providing good visibility of exhibits and preserving them from damaging light impact. The article presents the study conducted as part of design of lighting for the Leonardo da Vinci Hall in the State Hermitage Museum. It is based on analysis of the data collected during lighting audit, modelling of the existing daylighting and electric lighting and comparison of the results of these activities with requirements of the applicable museum illumination regulations.
The results of the study contain the substantiated conclusions on disadvantages of the existing lighting system of the hall and the design solution for modernisation of the lighting installation with recommendations for adjustment of the amount and chromaticity of daylighting and electric lighting, with the diagram of arrangement and aiming, and with the specification of lighting equipment.
The study demonstrates that meeting the requirements to standardised vertical illuminance on exhibits does not guarantee that total exposure to daylighting and electric lighting does not exceed the limit allowable for their preservation.
The analysis points out this problem, which is applicable to most of museums and galleries, and the developed lighting design for the said hall demonstrates a simple and affordable solution of it.
Invisible Power of Light: Spectral Engineering Experience in Exhibition Lighting
Authors: Trishina Tatiana V.
Published: November 2023

The article describes different spectral engineering technologies for maximum accuracy of museum exhibit colour rendering. Based on their own experience and studies, the authors present a detailed review of improvement of phosphor’s application for production of LED: their characteristics, features, and problems. A special consideration is given to a brand-new approach: application of semiconductor nanoparticles, the quantum dots. The key issue is to increase the quantum efficiency, specific features of spectral engineering are considered relative to the Planck curve, as well as the implemented special binning standard. The entire material is illustrated by practical examples such as the projects implemented by Lumileds in the Rijksmuseum as well as by MDM–Light in the State Hermitage Museum, Surround Art Gallery, Buzeon, ILONA-K Artspace. Substantiated technical solutions for establishment of an ideal museum lighting system are presented.
Russian-Made Wireless Lighting and Microclimate Monitoring and Control Systems Accounting for Features of Museum Premises
Authors: Baev Sergei S. , Nikolaev Sergei E. , Barbar Yuri A. , Tomsky Konstantin A.
Published: November 2023

Microclimate and light environment monitoring systems form a relatively new (emerging) hightech market segment in Russia. Projects being implemented in Russia include microclimate control based on imported equipment, while intelligent lighting systems are not produced at all. The barriers preventing the segment from growing also include lack of standards (each company develops its own technology) and inability of the Russian-produced measuring instruments registered in the State Register to work as part of such systems. These all are the key aspects are taken into account when making decisions regarding automation.
Based on its proprietary developments, TKA has manufactured microclimate monitoring systems and introduced the same in museum and library premises (with wall thickness of up to 1 m, high remoteness of the premises (buildings) and other specific conditions). In particular, the specific features of buildings and some premises of the Library of the Academy of Sciences required pre-testing in order to determine permeability of walls and doors in terms of wireless communication. As a result, in the course of project development, it was found that it was necessary to install 8 repeaters to enable reliable radio signal passage.
The goal of the ongoing study is to create a native system with adjustable operation conditions, number of sensors, selection of monitored parameters and their metrological characteristics, which would increase the accuracy of metrological monitoring in museum, library and archive premises as well as in greenhouse facilities and in urban and industrial infrastructural facilities by means of the lighting environment spectrometric and radiometric analysis and intelligent microclimate control.
Electrodeless Source of UV Radiation Based on Low-Pressure Microwave Mercury Discharge
Authors: Zheleznov Igor I. , Popov Oleg A.
Published: November 2023

An experimental study of the radiation, temperature, and electrical parameters of an electrodeless UV source with two mercury-argon (рAr ≈ 7.5∙10–1 Torr, рHg ≈ 0.01–0.06 Torr) quartz lamps based on a coaxial microwave discharge has been carried out. The design of a germicidal (185–280) nm spectral range UV irradiator with its disinfection of the air-aqueous environment and its main parameters are proposed. A magnetron for household microwave ovens (2.45 GHz, 1 kW) was used as a source of microwave radiation. The maximum UV radiation flux (87.2 W) was achieved at the power consumed by the magnetron from the mains Pel = 687 W. It has been established that with water cooled burners (twater = 15 °C), the power range of Pel, at which the maximum energy efficiency of the lamp and irradiator is achieved, in the indicated wavelength range is wider (up to 13 %) in range (490–720) W, than with air (tair = 23 °C) cooling with power range (490–550) W.
On Increasing Efficiency of UV Germicidal Recirculation for Air Sanitation
Authors: Barmin Victor V.
Published: November 2023

Enclosed germicidal irradiators, known as recirculators, have become widely used for air sanitation over the last years. The article presents the studies of the most common design of the device in terms of implementation of its target functionality. In the course of practical work, the role of shape and UV - C optical properties of material of the irradiation chamber walls for formation of efficient germicidal radiant flux inside it was studied. The significant effect of multiple reflections on the target functionality of the device was substantiated by calculations and confirmed by the test results.
The article proposes the design of the irradiator and the analytical expressions for calculation of the irradiating chamber reflecting surface profile shape providing beneficial conditions for formation of an increased efficient germicidal flux inside it by means of multiple reflections.
Method of Calculation of a Road Tunnel Illumination
Authors: Korobko Alexei A.
Published: November 2023

The study proposes a method of electrical lighting calculation for a road tunnel, which allows estimating locations of selected luminaires providing the required road surface luminance distribution in the areas of vehicle driver adaptation while driving through a tunnel during daytime. The method is based on the adopted concepts of saturation curve and luminance saturation zone which are used for building of a step curve approximating the set zonal distribution of luminance. The basic terms of the method and the calculation algorithm as well as an example of calculation of luminaire locations in the tunnel luminance zones illustrated by comparison of estimated and pre-set luminance distributions are presented.
Results of Research into Energy Parameters and Characteristics of LED Lamps
Authors: Beley Valery F. , Kharitonov Maxim S. , Kotsar German V.
Published: November 2023

Light emitting diode (LED) based solutions for lighting systems, particularly LED lamps, are becoming increasingly more popular due to their high reliability, energy efficiency, long lifetime, and decreasing cost. At the same time, modern semiconductor lighting equipment can be both a source of electromagnetic interference and sensitive to it. Manufacturers of LED lamps provide a few energy parameters and characteristics that make it possible to assess the interaction between the lamp and the electrical network at the design stage, but in some cases, the range of indicators provided does not fully justify the selection of LED-based solutions. The issues of electromagnetic compatibility of LED lamps are considered in the paper. LED lamps, as non-linear elements, are shown to create electromagnetic interference for the electrical network. First, emitting current harmonics, they are consumers of reactive power. The paper considers Russian and foreign documents that regulate energy parameters and characteristics of LED lamps. It is shown that datasheets of LED lamps do not fully represent their energy parameters and characteristics. The paper presents the approaches and methods based on experimental and analytical research for evaluating a wide range of energy parameters and characteristics of LED lamps. Particular attention is paid to the issue of light flicker: the range of luminous flux frequencies that negatively affect human health is shown, approaches to flicker assessment are given. Based on the study of a few LED lamps, a wide spread of their energy parameters and characteristics, the power factor and the flicker in particular, has been registered. The paper gives recommendations on the choice of products in the design of lighting systems based on LED lamps.
Modernisation of the Lighting System in Treasury of the Tretyakov Gallery
Authors: Milstein Roman V.
Published: November 2023

The goal of the work is to design and to implement the project of modernisation of the showcase lighting system in Treasury of the Tretyakov Gallery. Geometry and arrangement of the showcases as well as locations of the exhibits allow symmetrical and asymmetrical accent-lighting spotlights using both for illumination of vertical and horizontal surfaces of the showcases and for accent lighting of the exhibits by narrow and ultra-narrow beams. Accent lighting allows us to arrange a hierarchical luminous environment with maximum luminance level on the surfaces of the exhibits and uniform and controlled floodlighting of the vertical surfaces of showcase walls with lesser luminance. The luminaires installed under cover of the upper longitudinal slat near the ceiling, which makes the emitting surfaces of the luminaires completely invisible for visitors. As a result of application of the set of spotlights, a controlled lighting system is established, which creates a controlled luminous environment allowing to adjust particular uniformly distributed luminance on vertical and horizontal surfaces of showcases, as well as on the surfaces of selected exhibits. The luminaires are mounted in perforated racks, which allow us to move, to replace, and to change the number of luminaires.
Visual Comfort at the Road Lighting on the Border Line
Authors: Parlakyıldız Sakir
Published: November 2023

Today, the most important factor in terms of border security is the safe observation of the officers at the border police stations and increasing the visibility of those who may cross without permission. Road lighting along the border is one of the most important physical parameters in preventing unauthorized crossings. If there is a large number of people crossing a border and this crossing cannot be stopped, states create a physical barrier by building a wall of concrete blocks on this border. However, this limit needs to be protected and observed. For this purpose, road and lighting installations are installed on the said country border for security purposes. The main purpose of the road lighting extending along the border is to increase the visibility of pedestrians and other objects and to prevent unauthorized passages safely by the security guards who patrol this area. Therefore, for good border road lighting, vision conditions should be improved, taking into account safety needs. Correctly provided border road lighting is a deterrent in preventing unauthorized border violations. Optimum road lighting along the border will also make the border guards working in this environment feel safe. In this study, according to the road lighting criteria specified by the International Commission on Lighting (CIE), the visual conditions on the road along the border were analyzed and solutions for lighting were presented.
Use of Small-Scale Wind Turbines in Road Lighting
Authors: Oral Faruk
Published: November 2023

In this research, it has been studied energy consumption by luminaires, used in road lighting, which is providing by small-scale wind turbines. As the application area, the Bitlis-Rahva region, which is the new settlement of the city centre of Bitlis, was chosen. For the study, the wind data at a height of 10 m representing the road lighting poles were recorded with a data logger every 10 minutes (for 1 year). In many studies in the literature, the Weibull distribution has been used in the analysis of wind data and determination of wind energy potential. It has been seen that the accuracy of this method is high and therefore the Weibull distribution is chosen for the power generation capacity of the small-scale wind turbine to be used in road lighting. The maximum likelihood method was used to determine the parameters of the Weibull density function. Considering the dimensions of the lighting poles and the loads they can carry, it was concluded that it would be appropriate to use small-scale vertical-axis wind turbines for energy generation on these poles. It has been determined that the amount of energy produced by the wind turbine on the road lighting pole is much more than the luminaire on a lighting pole will consume.
Influence of the Shape and Proportions of Window Openings and the Presence of External Window Wall Structures on the Luminous and Insolation Environment in the Premises
Authors: Gnedina Lyubov Yu.
Published: November 2023

The article deals with issues related to ensuring the required parameters of the luminous environment in the premises of civil buildings with a lateral system of daylighting in them while simultaneously ensuring the necessary duration of insolation in these premises. It is noted that in modern architectural and construction practice, these requirements can be met, in particular, through the use of various shapes and proportions of window openings, as well as through the use of window wall structures of various types. On the basis of the conducted research, it was concluded that this approach is promising, since it fully meets modern requirements for the creation of energy-efficient buildings based on passive (natural) methods that ensure a normal microclimate of the internal environment in the premises solely due to specific architectural and structural design techniques.
Daylighting of Low-Rise Buildings with Roof System of Illumination in the Case of Dense Surrounding Urban Development
Authors: Larionova Kira O. , Stetsky Sergey V.
Published: November 2023

In this article, emphasis on the new principles and methods in daylighting design of interiors has been laid. This new approach is connected with the roof daylighting system in various buildings in the condition of dense urban development. It is felt that after the consideration of various kinds of planning and structural design, connected with the skylight’s sizes and position, the surroundings buildings height and coloristic finishing, and etc., the determination of some specific quotients will not present much of difficulties.
In the article, a number of designs recommendations and conclusions have been made and a number of dependences of characteristics, important from scientific point of view, have been determined.
Daylighting of Buildings and Structures of the Ancient World and the Middle Ages
Authors: Solovyov Kirill A.
Published: November 2023

The history of the development of human civilization shows us how the use of daylight could influence the development of world architecture. In the article, the author tried to show how in different epochs daylighting influenced not only civil architecture, but also how light becomes an important sacred component of cult architecture, starting from Ancient Egypt and ending with Christian and Islamic architecture. The article examines the influence of daylight on architecture throughout history, determines the relationship of philosophical aspects, religion and worldview views in certain historical periods and architectural techniques using daylighting.
Solar Energy Use for Premises Heating on Spring and Autumn Periods in Southern Regions of Russia
Authors: Solovyov Alexei K.
Published: November 2023

Improving the energy efficiency of residential and civil construction largely depends on how much fossil fuel we spend on heating, cooling, electric lighting, and other human needs during the operation of the building. The results of calculations of energy savings that can be provided by a passive system of using solar energy for these purposes, which, unlike active systems such as photovoltaic batteries or solar collectors for heating and hot solar water supply, does not require engineering equipment maintenance and is an element of the building itself, is part of its space-planning and a constructive solution. From the point of view of capital expenditures on its device, it is attractive. This is a “solar fireplace” or a Trombe wall – the simplest of all passive systems, the effectiveness of which was used in ancient Rome. The article presents the results of the work carried out by the Department of Architectural and Construction Design and Environmental Physics (ASPiFS) within the framework of master’s and postgraduate works on the rapid justification of the feasibility of using Trombe walls already at the decision-making stage. It is noted that the use of such structures is advisable in the new southern regions of Russia. The dependence of energy savings by such systems depending on the climatic conditions of the construction site is shown.
Implementasi Active Learning dengan Metode Think Pair Share untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI IPS 2 SMAN 5 Kota Ternate
Authors: Gailea Reka , Purwati Endang , Aryuni Vrita Tri
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPS 2 dengan menerapkan model active learning metode think pair share di SMA Negeri 5 Kota Ternate semester genap 2023-2024. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 20 orang siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan berkolaborasi antara peneliti dengan guru kelas untuk melihat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Geografi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi untuk penilaian proses pembelajaran dan tes pada penilaian akhir pembelajaran. Teknik analisis data menggunakan persentase untuk menilai tingkat penerapan model pembelajaran dan hasil belajar siswa. Perolehan persentase peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari penerapan model pembelajaran pada siklus I sebesar 65% dan siklus II sebesar 85%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan implementasi model active learning metode think pair share dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPS 2. Rekomendasi dari hasil penelitian tindakan ini bahwa guru Geografi dapat menerapkan model Active Learning dengan metode Think Phair Share untuk membuat proses pembelajaran lebih dinamis, siswa lebih partisipatif dan menyenangkan.
Antrenörün Sporcu Tarafından Hatırlanması: Türkiye Sultanlar Ligi Örneği
Authors: Afacan Ersin , Işık Afacan Meltem , Özbay Özen Nesil
Published: November 2023

Tanınmak, bilinmek, istenilir olmak ve hatırlanmak antrenörlük mesleği için en temel özelliklerdendir. Antrenörler ile kurulan ilişki sonucunda elde edilen bilgi ve deneyim, yeniden hatırlanmak üzere sporcu belleğinde depolanır. Her sporcu, kendi adına önemli olduğunu düşündüğü her şeyi belleğinde saklar. Sezon sonuna kadar devam eden bu sürecin sonunda sporcular tarafından antrenörlerin hangi özelliklerinin hatırlandığı antrenör kimliği açısından önemli yer tutmaktadır. Çünkü antrenörlerin hatırlanmasını istediği özellikleri, kendilerinin mesleklerine verdikleri değerin temellerini de göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Türkiye’deki kadın voleybolunun en üst ligi olan Sultanlar Ligi’nde çalışan antrenörlerin hangi özellikleri ile voleybolcular tarafından hatırlanmak istediklerini ve bunların nedenlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi yöntemiyle seçilen ve araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 17 Türk erkek antrenörden oluşmaktadır. Antrenörlerin hatırlanmak ile ilgili görüşlerini belirlemek için veri toplama aracı olarak iki adet açık uçlu sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşme sonunda toplanan veriler, içerik analizi tekniği yardımı ile yorumlanmış ve alıntılarla desteklenerek sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın sonucunda katılımcı voleybol antrenörlerinin hatırlanmak kavramına ilişkin görüşleri incelendiğinde; iz bırakma, akılda kalma, vefalı olma, özlenme, olumlu anılma olmak üzere beş kavramı öne çıkardıkları belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın bulgularının, antrenörler açısından sporcular tarafından hatırlanma konusunda hangi kavramların önemli olduğunun belirlenmesinde yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışmanın hatırlanma olgusunun spor insanları ile olan ilgisi üzerine benzer çalışmalara örnek olacağı tahmin edilmektedir.
Psychometric Properties of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) in Turkish Culture
Authors: Araç Ilgar Ebru , Sırgancı Gözde , Cihan Bekir Bariş
Published: November 2023

This study aims to adapt the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) to Turkish culture. The data was collected via an online questionnaire from 315 university students. To test SIAQ construct validity, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. The five-factor construct of the SIAQ ensures model data fit based on the fit indices (χ2 /(df)= 171.171/ (80) =2.14, p<.001; RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.062[0.049, 0.075], CFit p =0.058; TLI = 0.934; CFI = 0.950; SRMR = 0.038). As a result, the five-factor model confirms the construct at a high level of agreement. Second-order CFI results show that the sport imagery ability consists of five sub-constructs is well supported (χ2 /(df)= 180.156/ (85) =2.25, p<.001; RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.062 [0.049, 0.074], 0.062, CFit p =0.062; TLI = 0.935; CFI = 0.947; SRMR = 0.039). SIAQ determined measurement invariance in gender groups, and metric invariance was provided. Due to factor loadings being over 0.5 and AVEs being around 0.5, and CRs being over 0.7, convergent validity is provided. In addition, the Cronbach alpha values of the scale and all subdimensions were over 0.7. According to the results, SIAQ is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring sport imagery ability in Turkish culture.
Incorporating plantain into ryegrass-white clover mixed sward for an economically and environmentally sustainable dairy system: Year one of a farm system study
Authors: Al-Marashdeh Omar , Herath Gayani , Thomas Charissa , McMillan Natalie , Woods Roshean , Bryant Racheal
Published: November 2023

The objective of this replicated farm system study was to investigate the effect of increasing proportion of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L. cv. Ecotain) in a perennial ryegrass/white clover (RGWC) mixed sward on farm productivity, profitability and environmental footprint over the 2021/22 production season. A total of 108 dairy cows were blocked into nine herds of 12 cows.The herds were randomly allocated into one of three replicated pasture treatments sown with an increasing plantain seed rate: (i) RGWC with nil plantain (PL0); (ii) RGWC+3 kg/ha plantain seed rate (PL3) or (iii) RGWC+6 kg/ha plantain seed rate (PL6). Farmlet milkand pasture production were measured, and data was used to estimate farm profitability and environmental footprint using FARMAX and OverseerEd software, respectively. Increasing plantain seed rate from 3 to 6 kg/ha increased sward content of plantain from24% to 34% of DM in PL3 and PL6, respectively. Pasture production (average 12,988±473 kg DM/ha), total milksolids production (1,356±40 kg/ha) and farm profitability (4,347±354 NZ$/ha) were similar amongst treatments. Compared to PL0, estimated annual nitrogen leaching and nitrous oxide emissions were reduced by 21% and 30%, (P<0.001) and 4.3% and 6.0% (P<0.01) in PL3 and PL6, respectively. Results suggest that incorporation of plantain into dairy systems could be used as a strategy to reduce predictedenvironmental footprint while maintaining profitability. However, these results need to be confirmed over multiple production seasons.
Five-year old diversified pasture delivers greater lamb liveweight gain than a standard perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture
Authors: Maxwell Thomas , Cartwright Hamish , Meyer James , Al-Marashdeh Omar
Published: November 2023

This study investigated liveweight gain of lambs grazing five-year-old pasture of either Italian ryegrass, red clover and plantain (Diversified) or perennial ryegrass and white clover (Standard). Coopworth lambs were born to either diversified or standard pasture and reared there until weaning in December (early summer). Liveweight gain (LWG) from tailing to weaning was 23% higher in lambs on diversified pasture (0.335 kg LWG/lamb/day) compared to those on standard pasture (0.272 kg LWG/lamb/day). From summer to autumn (December to May), liveweight, pasture mass, botanical composition and nutritive quality was measured as weaned lambs progressed through rotationally grazed paddocks of either diversified or standard pasture. Similar lamb liveweight gain betweenpasture types was observed over summer and autumn, with both groups averaging 0.187 kg LWG/lamb/day. From December to May, dry matter intakes (DMI) and feed conversion efficiencies (FCE) were similar between lambs grazing on either diversified or standardpasture. Average final lamb liveweight off diversified pasture was 4.2 kg higher than off standard pasture. The higher pre-weaning liveweight gain and subsequent greater weaning liveweight off diversified pasture was maintained throughout the summer and autumn.
Genetic modification – benefits and risks for New Zealand grassland production systems
Authors: Caradus John
Published: November 2023

Fundamentally plant breeding is about expanding and exploiting the genetic potential of plants (Stoskopf et al. 2019). Over time this has included amongst others phenotypic selection, mutagenesis, genetic modification (GM) and now gene editing (Bowerman et al. 2023).  In many crop species genetic modification has been a valuable option for delivering improved economic and environmental outcomes. However, while genetic modification has been extensively used in crops for 25 years it has rarely been a technology used to advance trait expression in forage and grassland species. Worldwide, GM technologies have been adopted at a faster rate than any other recent crop technology (Raman 2017; Scheitrum et al. 2020).  Despite the large government investment into GM technologies for use in grass and forage plants it has not used outside of containment in New Zealand (Caradus 2008).

The aim here is to review why New Zealand has been so reluctant to use GM technologies as another means of providing solutions for the pastoral sector. Traits manipulated using a range of genetic modification techniques that might have application and benefit in grassland systems will be reviewed, and regulatory concerns that need to be considered when adopting GM forage and pasture plants will be discussed. Interestingly, 70 to 90% of GM crop production globally is used for animal feed (Flachowsky et al. 2012; Ritchie and Roser 2021). So if animals across the world, including those in USA, China and Europe are being fed GM crops (Baulcombe et al. 2014) why would New Zealand be concerned about using GM pasture plants? Although over a decade old, a useful summary of views from a variety of stakeholders is provided by the New Zealand Institute of Agricultural & Horticultural Science (AgScience 2010).
Drought impacts African black beetle feeding on perennial ryegrass
Authors: Hewitt Katrin Gabriela , Phillips Craig B. , Hofmann Rainer W. , Ball Olivier J. , Luo Dongwen , Popay Alison J.
Published: November 2023

interactions between plants, herbivorous insects and fungal Epichloë endophytes. However, water availability fluctuates, a phenomenon intensified by climate change, challenging the success of NewZealand’s pastoral industry. The impacts of climatic changes, such as intensifying drought, on pastoral insect pests have received little attention. In a no-choice bioassay, African black beetle (ABB) were fed semi-synthetic diets containing freeze-dried foliage material from drought-exposed and well-watered perennial ryegrass containing endophyte strains AR37 or NZCT, or with material free of endophyte (Nil). Diet consumption, beetle weight change, fungal alkaloid concentrations, phytohormones, and NRI (nitrogen reflectance index) concentrations were measured and compared. Except for AR37, ABB consumed more diets containing drought-exposed rather than well-watered material, with a 61% increase in Nil and a 50% increase in diets containing NZCT, though these effects were not accompanied by corresponding ABB weight changes. Here, we discuss the implications of these results on ABB damage in New Zealand pastures in the context of increasing drought and illustrate how spatial patterns of ABB damage could change over the next 75 years. Areas that do not currently have high populations of ABB such as Manawatū-Whanganui, Wairarapa and Marlborough will become increasingly vulnerable to damage.
Predicitng yield of irrigated red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) pastures in response to temperature.
Authors: Keenan Laura , Mills Annamaria , Smith Malcolm , Brown Hamish , McKenzie Sarah , Moot Derrick
Published: November 2023

Two datasets from red clover monoculture pastures grown in Lincoln, New Zealand, were analysed to generate coefficients to predict red clover yield. The mean annual production of established red clover was 17.0±0.48 t DM/ha, with a maximum mean growth rate of 125±9.36 kg DM/ha/day (spring Year 2). In the establishment year irrigated red clover grew at a constant rate of 7.30±0.14 kg DM/ha/°Cd (Tb = 3 °C) throughout the year. In contrast, there was a splitline linear response in Years 2 and 3, which differed between years and decreased after the second week of January. Specifically, the growth rate in Phase 1 was 7.70±0.38 kg DM/ha/°Cd in Year 2, which was 16% higher than the 6.60±0.28 kg DM/ha/oCd in Year 3. The difference probably reflected increased competition from weed grasses as red clover content declined from >95% to ~75% of total annual yield. After January, red clover grew at 3.05±0.35 kg DM/ha/°Cd, in both years. This lower rate occurred in the mid-January-July period, and probably reflected a change in partitioning of assimilate to red clover roots in response to a decreasing photoperiod. The coefficients reported here for red clover need to be validated from other datasets. However, they provide easily transferable coefficients that can be used to estimate red clover yield under nonlimiting conditions for other locations. These could be integrated into feed budgeting software to assist onfarm decision making.
Biomechanical evaluation of a novel anterior transpedicular screw-plate system for anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF): a finite element analysis
Authors: Huang Shengbin , Ling Qinjie , Lin Xinxin , Qin Hao , Luo Xiang , Huang Wenhua
Published: November 2023

Background and objective: Cervical fusion with vertebral body screw (VBS)-plate systems frequently results in limited biomechanical stability. To address this issue, anterior transpedicular screw (ATPS) fixation has been developed and applied preliminarily to multilevel spinal fusion, osteoporosis, and three-column injury of the cervical spine. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical differences between unilateral ATPS (UATPS), bilateral ATPS (BATPS), and VBS fixation using finite element analysis.

Materials and methods: A C6 corpectomy model was performed and a titanium mesh cage (TMC) and bone were implanted, followed by implantation of a novel ATPS-plate system into C5 and C7 to simulate internal fixation with UATPS, BATPS, and VBS. Internal fixation with UATPS comprises ipsilateral transpedicular screw-contralateral vertebral body screw (ITPS-CVBS) and cross transpedicular screw-vertebral body screw (CTPS-VBS) fixations. Mobility, the maximal von Mises stress on TMC, the stress distribution and maximal von Mises stress on the screws, and the maximum displacement of the screw were compared between the four groups.

Results: Compared with the original model, each group had a reduced range of motion (ROM) under six loads. After ACCF, the stress was predominantly concentrated at two-thirds of the length from the tail of the screw, and it was higher on ATPS than on VBS. The stress of the ATPS from the cranial part was higher than that of the caudal part. The similar effect happened on VBS. The screw stress cloud maps did not show any red areas reflective of a concentration of the stress on VBS. Compared with VBS, ATPS can bear a greater stress from cervical spine movements, thus reducing the stress on TMC. The maximal von Mises stress was the lowest with bilateral transpedicular TMC and increased with cross ATPS and with ipsilateral ATPS. ITPS-CVBS, CTPS-VBS, and BATPS exhibited a reduction of 2.3%–22.1%, 11.9%–2.7%, and 37.9%–64.1% in the maximum displacement of screws, respectively, compared with that of VBS.

Conclusion: In FEA, the comprehensive stability ranked highest for BATPS, followed by CTPS-VBS and ITPS-CVBS, with VBS demonstrating the lowest stability. Notably, utilizing ATPS for fixation has the potential to reduce the occurrence of internal fixation device loosening after ACCF when compared to VBS.
Solution-free and simplified H&E staining using a hydrogel-based stamping technology
Authors: Kim Jinho , Choi Woongsun , Yoo Dahyeon , Kim Mijin , Cho Haeyon , Sung Hyun-Jung , Choi Gyuheon , Uh Jisu , Kim Jinseong , Go Heounjeong , Choi Kyung-Hak
Published: November 2023

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining has been widely used as a fundamental and essential tool for diagnosing diseases and understanding biological phenomena by observing cellular arrangements and tissue morphological changes. However, conventional staining methods commonly involve solution-based, complex, multistep processes that are susceptible to user-handling errors. Moreover, inconsistent staining results owing to staining artifacts pose real challenges for accurate diagnosis. This study introduces a solution-free H&E staining method based on agarose hydrogel patches that is expected to represent a valuable tool to overcome the limitations of the solution-based approach. Using two agarose gel-based hydrogel patches containing hematoxylin and eosin dyes, H&E staining can be performed through serial stamping processes, minimizing color variation from handling errors. This method allows easy adjustments of the staining color by controlling the stamping time, effectively addressing variations in staining results caused by various artifacts, such as tissue processing and thickness. Moreover, the solution-free approach eliminates the need for water, making it applicable even in environmentally limited middle- and low-income countries, while still achieving a staining quality equivalent to that of the conventional method. In summary, this hydrogel-based H&E staining method can be used by researchers and medical professionals in resource-limited settings as a powerful tool to diagnose and understand biological phenomena.
A complex interplay between H2A.Z and HP1 isoforms regulates pericentric heterochromatin
Authors: González Jessica , Bosch-Presegué Laia , Marazuela-Duque Anna , Guitart-Solanes Anna , Espinosa-Alcantud María , Fernandez Agustín F. , Brown Jeremy P. , Ausió Juan , Vazquez Berta N. , Singh Prim B. , Fraga Mario F. , Vaquero Alejandro
Published: November 2023

Pericentric heterochromatin (PCH) plays an essential role in the maintenance of genome integrity and alterations in PCH have been linked to cancer and aging. HP1 α, β, and γ, are hallmarks of constitutive heterochromatin that are thought to promote PCH structure through binding to heterochromatin-specific histone modifications and interaction with a wide range of factors. Among the less understood components of PCH is the histone H2A variant H2A.Z, whose role in the organization and maintenance of PCH is poorly defined. Here we show that there is a complex interplay between H2A.Z and HP1 isoforms in PCH. While the loss of HP1α results in the accumulation of H2A.Z.1 in PCH, which is associated with a significant decrease in its mobile fraction, H2A.Z.1 binds preferentially to HP1β in these regions. Of note, H2A.Z.1 downregulation results in increased heterochromatinization and instability of PCH, reflected by accumulation of the major epigenetic hallmarks of heterochromatin in these regions and increased frequency of chromosome aberrations related to centromeric/pericentromeric defects. Our studies support a role for H2A.Z in genome stability and unveil a key role of H2A.Z in the regulation of heterochromatin-specific epigenetic modifications through a complex interplay with the HP1 isoforms.
Recent progress in the development of advanced support materials for electrocatalysis
Authors: Smiljanić M. , Srejić I. , Georgijević J. P. , Maksić A. , Bele M. , Hodnik N.
Published: November 2023

Electrocatalytic materials are pivotal for clean chemical production and energy conversion in devices like electrolyzers and fuel cells. These materials usually consist of metallic nanoparticles which serve as active reaction sites, and support materials which provide high surface area, conductivity and stability. When designing novel electrocatalytic composites, the focus is often on the metallic sites, however, the significance of the support should not be overlooked. Carbon materials, valued for their conductivity and large surface area, are commonly used as support in benchmark electrocatalysts. However, using alternative support materials instead of carbon can be beneficial in certain cases. In this minireview, we summarize recent advancements and key directions in developing novel supports for electrocatalysis, encompassing both carbon and non-carbon materials.
Infection of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells with Muromegalovirus muridbeta1 involves binding to neuropilin-1 and is dynamin-dependent
Authors: Kyrrestad Ingelin , Larsen Anett Kristin , Sánchez Romano Javier , Simón-Santamaría Jaione , Li Ruomei , Sørensen Karen Kristine
Published: November 2023

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are scavenger cells with a remarkably high capacity for clearance of several blood-borne macromolecules and nanoparticles, including some viruses. Endocytosis in LSEC is mainly via the clathrin-coated pit mediated route, which is dynamin-dependent. LSEC can also be a site of infection and latency of betaherpesvirus, but mode of virus entry into these cells has not yet been described. In this study we have investigated the role of dynamin in the early stage of muromegalovirus muridbeta1 (MuHV-1, murid betaherpesvirus 1, murine cytomegalovirus) infection in mouse LSECs. LSEC cultures were freshly prepared from C57Bl/6JRj mouse liver. We first examined dose- and time-dependent effects of two dynamin-inhibitors, dynasore and MitMAB, on cell viability, morphology, and endocytosis of model ligands via different LSEC scavenger receptors to establish a protocol for dynamin-inhibition studies in these primary cells. LSECs were challenged with MuHV-1 (MOI 0.2) ± dynamin inhibitors for 1h, then without inhibitors and virus for 11h, and nuclear expression of MuHV-1 immediate early antigen (IE1) measured by immune fluorescence. MuHV-1 efficiently infected LSECs in vitro. Infection was significantly and independently inhibited by dynasore and MitMAB, which block dynamin function via different mechanisms, suggesting that initial steps of MuHV-1 infection is dynamin-dependent in LSECs. Infection was also reduced in the presence of monensin which inhibits acidification of endosomes. Furthermore, competitive binding studies with a neuropilin-1 antibody blocked LSEC infection. This suggests that MuHV-1 infection in mouse LSECs involves virus binding to neuropilin-1 and occurs via endocytosis.