bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mathematical model for managing national portfolio of basic research projects
Authors: Shokatian Taha , Ghazinoory Sepehr , Nasri Shohreh , Safari Hadi
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to develop and apply a process model for prioritizing and selecting basic research projects in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Basic research is mainly funded by governments and since, unlike technological research, it does not have clear business goals, its prioritization is one of the complicated issues in formulating science and technology policy. Adopting a design science research methodology, the authors chose a general framework for project portfolio selection as an appropriate artifact for solving this problem. By customizing it for two specific features of this study, i.e. national scale of the problem and the basic nature of research proposals, the authors developed the proposed framework for solving the problem of priority setting.

Findings

The process for selecting basic research proposals consists of several steps, which can be categorized into eight steps including strategic decisions, preparation, pre-screening, evaluating individual proposals, screening, portfolio selection and monitoring. This study emphasizes the necessity of defining goals that can be evaluated for the national basic research portfolio, as a key strategic decision. Evaluating individual proposals is a peer-review-based process. In contrast, portfolio selection is done through a zero-one linear programming model. The validity of the proposed framework has been confirmed based on the data obtained from the Iran National Science Foundation.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, in this research, for the first time, a mathematical model for prioritizing basic research at the national level has been presented, which effectively contributes to policymaking regarding the development of an optimum national research portfolio.
Female entrepreneurial support requirements: post pandemic ecosystems in India
Authors: Patra Bhairab Chandra , Lenka Usha
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The corona virus outbreak has affected the entrepreneurial ecosystem adversely. This in particular has impacted on females. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention (EI) of females under post-COVID adverse conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 340 articles were screened applying the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses method. The EI of individuals undertaking different professional courses from three top National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF) government institutes were then analyzed. In the expert analysis, the nominal group technique (NGT) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used to identify and rank the crucial factors. Subsequently, in the exploratory analysis, a 19-item questionnaire was framed. The data was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.

Findings

Resilience, entrepreneurial education, self-concept and self-efficacy, social influence and opportunity perception were identified as critical indicators. Resilience was identified as the most significant factor. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) revealed that all the factors except social influence had significant effect on the EI of females.

Research limitations/implications

This study focuses primarily on factors affecting females in India. As ecosystems and support vary by region and country, the authors suggest that this study be replicated in different regions/countries in the future.

Practical implications

The potential entrepreneurs can use this study's reference to identify the abilities they need. The government and academic institutions can have skill/training programs to enhance the effect of important factors identified in the study.

Originality/value

While there is growing research of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial marketing post-pandemic, there are a lack of Indian studies and female entrepreneurship studies.
“Why should I care about pollution?” The role of moral disengagement, guilt and plastic usage intention while ordering food online
Authors: Tao Yanrui Michael , Quoquab Farzana , Mohammad Jihad
Published: September 2024

Purpose

There is a dearth of research in the field of social marketing that attempts to understand why consumers prefer to use plastic packages when using online food delivery services. In addressing this issue, this study aims to investigate the role of moral disengagement, myopia and environmental apathy in the young generations' intentions to use plastic bags while ordering food online. It also examines the mediating role of moral disengagement and the moderating role of guilt in the context of the online food delivery service industry in China.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was designed to collect data, which yielded 256 usable responses. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique (SmartPLS 4.0) was used to test the study hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicate that environmental apathy, myopia and moral disengagement exert significant negative effects on consumer intention to use plastic. In addition, moral disengagement was able to mediate the links between “environmental apathy”, “myopia” and “plastic usage intention”. Lastly, consumers’ guilt was found to be a significant moderator in the link between moral disengagement and plastic usage intention.

Practical implications

This research holds significant importance for social marketers in the online food delivery service industry. Particularly, by understanding consumers' negative behavioural aspects, social marketers can implement marketing strategies that emphasise green practices for environmental well-being.

Originality/value

This is a pioneer study that focuses on the negative aspects of consumer behaviour, such as myopia, environmental apathy and moral disengagement, to understand what drives young consumers to use plastic. Additionally, this study investigates several new relationships in the social marketing field, such as the mediating effect of moral disengagement between myopia, environmental apathy and plastic usage intention. It also tests the moderating effect of guilt on the link between moral disengagement and use intention.
Readiness of Islamic Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia for future quality assurance
Authors: Iskarim Mochamad , Aenurofik  , Junaeti
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to assess the readiness of Islamic Higher Education Institutions (IHEIs) to enter the third wave of education or future quality assurance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a descriptive quantitative method with observation, documentation, a questionnaire and an interactive model. The sample population included lecturers and quality assurance managers in IHEIs, totaling 129 respondents.

Findings

The results showed that IHEIs were prepared to implement future quality assurance to meet individual and societal needs. Furthermore, readiness was also shown in the following matters: Relevance of higher education institution vision, implementation of tripilization learning in higher education institutions, understanding of other cultures (cross-cultural sharing), application of multiple development models and noble values of local wisdom and national culture in tri-dharma.

Research limitations/implications

This study focused on the third wave of education quality assurance in IHEIs in Indonesia. However, the analysis was not conducted in all Indonesian universities as it specifically examined the readiness for implementing future quality assurance.

Practical implications

Policymakers should follow up on the readiness for implementing future quality assurance as a form of continuous improvement in managing the quality of IHEIs.

Originality/value

Most publications of quality assurance focused on compliance-oriented issues. However, this study aimed to fill the literature gaps and discuss the future quality assurance of IHEIs in Indonesia. In this context, future quality assurance was also known to guide IHEIs in rendering education relevant to the future needs of generations (graduates).
Effects of warming and parasitism on root traits and the root economics space
Authors: Yuan Yongge , van Kleunen Mark , Li Junmin
Published: September 2024

Plants infected by parasitic species might be further stressed by climate warming as both factors can influence the host plant's nutrient acquisition and growth. The root economics space, defined by root functional traits, reflects a plant's nutrient acquisition strategy. However, the combined effects of warming and parasitism on root functional traits and their positions within the root economics space have not been extensively studies.

We grew soybean plants in pot cultures outdoor in the absence or presence of parasitism by Cuscuta gronovii and with or without simulated climate warming using infrared heater lamps. We measured various root functional traits of soybean, including root morphological traits, symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobia and enzyme activity. Correlations among these traits were analysed, and principal component analysis was used to determine the position of the plants in the root economics space.

Parasitism significantly reduced AMF colonization rate, nodule biomass, root tissue density (RTD) and phosphatase activity in the rhizosheath, while increasing root nitrogen concentration (RN). Nodule biomass was positively correlated with AMF colonization, indicating an ‘outsourcing’ strategy for nutrient foraging. Parasitized soybeans occupied a trait space with higher RN and lower RTD, indicative of a ‘fast’ nutrient acquisition strategy. Warming did not significantly affect root functional traits or the plants' positions in the root economics space, regardless of parasitism presence.

This study is the first to demonstrate that rhizobial colonization, similar to AMF colonization, is part of the ‘outsourcing’ strategy and that parasitism shifts host plants from a ‘slow’ to a ‘fast’ nutrient uptake strategy. These findings provide new insights into plant below‐ground strategies under warming and parasitism.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A four‐phase model and a mobile app for crisis preparedness and management in small and medium sized enterprises
Authors: Kiiveri Kimmo , Naumanen Paula , Liesivuori Jyrki , Virtanen Seppo , Isoaho Jouni
Published: September 2024

In this study, we present a new four‐phase crisis model and the development and assessment of a mobile crisis management application. The model development was supported by a participatory process involving Finnish Small and Medium‐sized Enterprises (SMEs). The four phases of the model are preparedness, beginning of the crisis, during the crisis, and after the crisis. The new model is incorporated into the mobile app to offer clear, actionable advice for different stages of crisis management. The mobile app, “Crisis Assistant”, is designed to aid SMEs in managing a variety of crises, including infectious diseases, accidents, cyber security threats, personnel issues, and business changes. Recognizing the unique vulnerabilities of SMEs due to their size and resource constraints, and their critical role in the economy, the app aims to provide accessible, user‐friendly crisis management guidance. In the mobile app, web analytics provide real‐time insights into the content usage, which allows for updates to the crisis guidance content and authorities' instructions as well as the further development of the app. The app has been well‐received, highlighting the importance of mobile‐based solutions in enhancing SME resilience and preparedness for crises. This study suggests future research should evaluate the app's broader impact on SME crisis management capabilities and applicability to other crisis domains.
From fury to forgiveness: Exploring the mediating role of emotions in the relationship between crisis type, corporate social responsibility fit, and organizational outcomes
Authors: Ndone James
Published: September 2024

This study investigates how three types of emotions (anger, affective empathy, and cognitive empathy) mediate the relationship between crisis type and corporate social responsibility (CSR) fit and organizational outcomes such as purchase intentions, negative word‐of‐mouth (nwom), organizational reputation, as well as forgiveness. An online 2 (crisis type: product‐harm vs. moral‐harm) x 2 (CSR fit: high fit vs. low fit) between‐subjects design (N = 412) was conducted with the participants recruited via CloudResearch, a crowdsourcing platform. The findings indicate that anger significantly mediates the relationship between crisis type and crisis outcomes, with product‐harm crises increasing anger and leading to more negative outcomes. Conversely, high CSR fit reduces anger and enhances positive organizational outcomes. Affective empathy also mediates these relationships, with product‐harm crises lowering affective empathy and CSR fit improving it, subsequently influencing purchase intentions, reputation, forgiveness, and negative word‐of‐mouth. Cognitive empathy partially mediates these effects, particularly affecting negative word‐of‐mouth, reputation, and forgiveness. These results suggest that managing stakeholder emotions through CSR alignment can effectively mitigate negative impacts during crises. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Examining the contribution of globalization, renewable energy, and economic growth towards CO2 emissions in the G‐7 countries
Authors: Li Ying , Li Tongxin , Javed Muhammad Adil , Nassani Abdelmohsen A.
Published: September 2024

Most of the world's developed countries have negative consequences of unbalanced economic growth and environmental sustainability. The current study contributes to the literature by investigating the impacts of sub‐indices of globalization, renewable energy, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in G‐7 countries of United Kingdom, United States, Japan, Canada, France, Italy, and Germany. The article demonstrates the correlation between numerous variables in the G‐7 countries between 1990 and 2020, including GDP per capita growth, CO2 emissions, globalization, and renewable and non‐renewable energy. The Pooled Mean Group (PMG) technique performs significant tests for cross‐sectional dependence, panel unit root, co‐integration, and descriptive statistics. The study results show that environmental pollution rises with economic growth and falls in the presence of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy use, political globalization, and economic globalization lower environmental harm. From the finding, we indicate that we reduce the environmental pollution in the given countries by lowering or raising the factor affecting the country. A globe map was used in the current study to assign the G‐7 nations. Based on the findings, we addressed several policy initiatives.
Emergence of semi‐synthetic cannabinoids in cannabis products seized in Eastern Denmark over a 6‐year period
Authors: Jørgensen Christian Falck , Rasmussen Brian Schou , Linnet Kristian , Thomsen Ragnar
Published: September 2024

Semi‐synthetic cannabinoids (SSCs) are derivatives of phytocannabinoids with slight chemical modifications. SSCs have appeared as legal alternatives to tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) in recent years. This study investigates the prevalence of SSCs in seized drug samples from Danish police and custom authorities seized in Eastern Denmark in the period 2018–2023. Screening data obtained by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were reprocessed to enable detection of SSCs. Seized drug samples were categorized into six types of formulations. Δ8‐THC was the first SSC observed and appeared in 2019 followed by hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), tetrahydrocannabidiol (H4‐CBD), hexahydrocannabinol acetate (HHC‐O‐Acetate), hexahydrocannabiphorol (HHCP) and tetrahydrocannabiphorol (Δ9‐THCP). Only one sample positive for SSCs was observed before the third quarter of 2021, with positive samples increasing from third quarter of 2022. Over the study period, a total of 15% (n = 216) of seized cannabis products were positive for SSCs. HHC was the most frequently identified SSC and found in 10% (n = 137) of samples, followed by H4‐CBD at 4% (n = 53), Δ8‐THC at 3% (n = 44), and HHC‐O‐Acetate, HHCP, and THCP each at 1% (n = 10–20). SSCs appeared in 56% of E‐cigarette products, 20% of hashish, 17% of concentrates, 10% of edibles, and 10% of plant materials. In conclusion, SSCs represent a new type of cannabinoids with a rapidly growing popularity and with specific compounds dominating at different periods. Some of the observed trends were likely influenced by the scheduling of HHC in May of 2023 in Denmark.
Research productivity of RANZCR radiation oncology trainees from 2014 to 2023
Authors: Quinn Emma Jane , Roos Daniel , James Melissa , Ng Sweet Ping , Saran Frank , Senthi Sashendra , Soon Yu Yang , Ong Wee Loon
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The aim of this study was to describe the research productivity among RANZCR Radiation Oncology (RO) trainees.

Methods

Publicly available data on RO fellows, who were awarded the RANZCR fellowship between July 2014 and June 2023, was extracted from the RANZCR Annual Reports. Fellows who had qualified overseas and did not undertake full RANZCR training were excluded. A PubMed search was performed for publications by each fellow in the 5 years prior, and 6 months, after the estimated completion of training. Research productivity was defined as the number of first‐author and any‐author publications per trainee.

Results

In total, 168 eligible RO fellows were included in this study. 104 (62%) and 118 (70%) fellows had first‐author and any‐author publications during training, respectively. A total of 203 first‐author and 308 unique any‐author publications were identified, with mean first‐author and any‐author publications per trainee of 1.21 (SD = 2.37) and 2.02 (SD = 3.71), respectively. Trainee research was most commonly published in JMIRO (34% of first‐author and 27% of any‐author publications). There were significant differences in the number of first‐author publications by gender (P = 0.04) and training jurisdictions (P = 0.03). There were also differences in the number of any‐author publications by gender (P = 0.002) and training jurisdictions (P = 0.03). There was a significant increase in any‐author publications over the 9‐year study period (P = 0.005).

Conclusion

This is the first study evaluating research productivity among RO fellows during training. We identified disparities in research productivity by gender and training jurisdictions. This offers opportunities to tailor efforts to better support a vibrant and productive research culture across the RO training program.
The influence of geographical distance on the decay of beetle community similarity: Native habitat and agricultural monocultures
Authors: Pereira Volff Camila Eunice , Storck‐Tonon Danielle , Pereira Mônica Josene Barbosa , de Moura Bello Ayr , Izzo Thiago Junqueira
Published: September 2024

1.  The replacement of native habitats by monocultures has led to the loss of insect biodiversity, including beetles.

2.  In an attempt to minimize this loss, Brazilian legislation requires farmers to conserve a proportion of farmland as a Legal Reserve.

3.  In this study, we investigated the decay of similarity in beetle communities of soybean monocultures compared to Legal Reserves.

4.  To do this, we studied 77 sample points distributed across the transition zone between the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, with a maximum distance of 625 km between the farthest points.

5.  Our results show that the transformation of forest areas into monocultures causes a drastic decrease in beta diversity for both herbivores and predators.

6.  This pattern is not observed in Legal Reserves, where the communities are, for the most part, different in a short geographic space.

7.  We noted an increase in beta diversity between sites at a shorter distance (200 km) compared with soybean monoculture areas (350 km).

8.  In these environments, many species are generalist pests that benefit from the simplified landscape.

9.  To verify the relationship between species dissimilarity and geographic distances, we used the Chord‐Normalized Expected Species Shared dissimilarity index, replacing Bray–Curtis due to its robustness in dealing with small samples or subsampling.

10. We reinforce the importance of Legal Reserves in conserving beetle biodiversity, emphasizing the need for preserved areas distributed throughout the landscape as they play a crucial role in maintaining beta diversity and preserving ecosystem services in anthropized landscapes.
The effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin injections for managing motor disorders of patients with Parkinson's disease: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gao Fang , Zhao Jinpeng , Wang Chen , Hu Luoman , Gao Chengfei
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin (BTX) injections for managing motor disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). An electronic search was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data from available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing BTX injections for motor disorders in PD patients were extracted for meta‐analysis. Ultimately, 215 patients from eight RCTs were enrolled. Pooled analyses indicated that BTX was more effective than placebo in improving tremor (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.96, 95% CI [0.34, 1.58], p < 0.01), whereas no notable differences were observed between BTX and placebo regarding freezing of gait (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI [−0.26, 1.58], p = 0.162), United Parkinson's Disease Rate Scale (UPDRS) III score (SMD = −0.20, 95% CI [−1.17, 0.76], p = 0.68) and clinical global impression (CGI) score (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI [−0.74, 2.42], p = 0.298). Adverse events related to BTX injections were comparable to placebo (OR = 1.74, 95% CI [0.59, 5.14], p = 0.32). The current evidence suggests that BTX is effective and safe in treating PD tremor but fails to provide therapeutic benefits for freezing of gait and motor functional scores in PD patients. Furthermore, the limited number of included studies and heterogeneity in BTX intervention protocols suggest more research is needed, with additional standardized RCTs, to better understand and optimize BTX injections for motor disorders in PD.
Finite element analysis of early deformations of carbonate platforms driven by differential compaction of basinal unit
Authors: Menegoni Niccolò , Manna Ludovico , Maino Matteo , Perotti Cesare
Published: September 2024

A two‐dimensional numerical analysis based on the finite element method and linear elasticity is used to demonstrate how the differential compaction of the basinal unit can cause the early deformation of a prograding and/or aggrading carbonate platform. Our model investigates the modification of the carbonate platform stratal architecture and stress field driven by the process of differential compaction. We compared the results of our model with observations from two Triassic carbonate platforms in the Italian Dolomites: Lastoni di Formin and Nuvolau Mts. (Passo Giau, Italy). We show that the model can explain the modification of stratal architecture, as well as fault and fracture patterns observed on these platforms. In particular, we show that (1) the slope and slope‐to‐basin transition regions are expected to experience most of the brittle deformation and, differently from what was suggested by previous numerical studies, the formation of platform‐ward dipping faults and major fractures with dip angles that tend to decrease moving dip‐ward. In addition, (2) the inner platform region can exhibit a slightly tensile regime, which may lead to the formation of syndepositional and/or syndiagenetic fractures. Moreover, (3) in the case of predominantly prograding platforms, the results of the model show a general tilting and thickening of the inner platform strata towards the shelf‐slope break.
Positive species interactions structure rhodolith bed communities at a global scale
Authors: Bulleri Fabio , Schubert Nadine , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. , Basso Daniela , Burdett Heidi L. , Francini‐Filho Ronaldo B. , Grall Jacques , Horta Paulo A. , Kamenos Nicholas A. , Martin Sophie , Nannini Matteo , Neves Pedro , Olivé Irene , Peña Viviana , Ragazzola Federica , Ribeiro Cláudia , Rinde Eli , Sissini Marina , Tuya Fernando , Silva João
Published: September 2024

Rhodolith beds are diverse and globally distributed habitats. Nonetheless, the role of rhodoliths in structuring the associated species community through a hierarchy of positive interactions is yet to be recognised. In this review, we provide evidence that rhodoliths can function as foundation species of multi‐level facilitation cascades and, hence, are fundamental for the persistence of hierarchically structured communities within coastal oceans. Rhodoliths generate facilitation cascades by buffering physical stress, reducing consumer pressure and enhancing resource availability. Due to large variations in their shape, size and density, a single rhodolith bed can support multiple taxonomically distant and architecturally distinct habitat‐forming species, such as primary producers, sponges or bivalves, thus encompassing a broad range of functional traits and providing a wealth of secondary microhabitat and food resources. In addition, rhodoliths are often mobile, and thus can redistribute associated species, potentially expanding the distribution of species with short‐distance dispersal abilities. Key knowledge gaps we have identified include: the experimental assessment of the role of rhodoliths as basal facilitators; the length and temporal stability of facilitation cascades; variations in species interactions within cascades across environmental gradients; and the role of rhodolith beds as climate refugia. Addressing these research priorities will allow the development of evidence‐based policy decisions and elevate rhodolith beds within marine conservation strategies.
Research progress of the relationship between phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Ji Wenya , Zheng Bixia , Zhang Aihua
Published: September 2024

Reversible protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous phenomenon essential for eukaryotic cellular processes. Recent advancements in research about neurodevelopmental disorders have prompted investigations into the intricate relationship between protein phosphatases, particularly phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs), and neurodevelopment. Notably, variants in 10 coding genes spanning four PPP family members have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical phenotypes, genotypes, and pathogenic mechanisms observed in affected patients. Our analysis reveals challenges in subsequent statistical analyses due to inconsistent clinical phenotypic descriptions and a lack of large multicenter studies, hampering analysis about genotype–phenotype correlations. The scarcity of follow‐up data poses a significant obstacle to prognostic counseling for nearly all rare diseases. Presently, symptomatic treatment strategies are employed for patients with variants, as definitive cures remain elusive. Future research may explore protein phosphatase regulators as potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, it is imperative not to overlook other members of the protein phosphatase family or coding genes with undiscovered variants. Insights gleaned from the temporal and spatial distribution of proteins, along with observations from animal model phenotypes, may provide valuable directions for uncovering novel pathogenic genes.
Continuity and change in US–Iran relations: Analyzing the Iranian nuclear deal from Obama to Biden
Authors: Kaur Sarabjit , Raman Nagalaxmi M.
Published: September 2024

Iran's pursuit of a civilian nuclear program raises concerns over the potential security threat it poses to the United States and its Middle East allies. The US suspects that Tehran's lack of compliance with the Nuclear Non‐Proliferation Treaty signifies its intention to build atomic weapons. This article aims to examine the strategies implemented during the presidencies of Obama, Trump, and Biden to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear arsenals. Employing a constructivist theory, the study examines how each administration constructed identities, perceptions, and norms regarding Iran, and how these shaped their diplomatic approaches. Drawing on a comprehensive data of primary and secondary sources, this research sheds light on the identities, perceptions, and power dynamics shaping US–Iran relations.
Study on the influence of slit pipe wall thickness on the rock breaking effect of slit charge explosion
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Zhou Zeqing , Ma Jun , Li Xianglong
Published: September 2024

In this study, the influence of slit pipe wall thickness on shaped charge blasting efficiency was investigated. The influence of different slit pipe wall thicknesses on the dynamic behavior of slotted charge blasting was analyzed by a combination of experimental observations and numerical simulations. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as a rock simulation material to prepare slit pipes with different slit pipe wall thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm). A dynamic caustics system is used to capture the crack propagation process. ANSYS/LS‐DYNA was used for the numerical simulation analysis. The experimental results show that there is a positive correlation between the slit pipe wall thickness and the crack propagation length, velocity, and dynamic stress intensity factor. With increasing slit pipe wall thickness, the directional propagation and energy concentration ability of cracks are significantly improved, but an increase in the slit pipe wall thickness will also promote the propagation of secondary cracks. In addition, the numerical simulation results support the experimental observations and reveal the existence of an optimal slit pipe wall thickness that can maximize the blasting efficiency while maintaining structural integrity. This study not only deepens the understanding of the physical laws of the blasting process but also provides a practical reference for the optimal design of slotted charges in engineering applications.
Does the VWF:CB Assay Help to Diagnose von Willebrand Factor Deficiency in Patients With a Bleeding Disorder of Unknown Cause?
Authors: Trossaërt Marc , Genre‐Volot Fabienne , Horvais Valérie , Ternisien Catherine , Boisseau Pierre , Fouassier Marc , Drillaud Nicolas , Gillet Benjamin , Péré Morgane , Babuty Antoine , Jeanpierre Emmanuelle , de Maistre Emmanuel
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The entity entitled bleeding disorder of unknown cause (BDUC) qualifies individuals displaying a mild haemorrhagic profile but normal routine coagulation tests. This study was designed to evaluate whether collagen‐binding assay for von Willebrand Factor (VWF) measurement (VWF:CB) could allow to diagnose VW disease in such patients.

Methods

A large screening was conducted prospectively in two University Hospitals, using the bleeding assessment tool (BAT) recommended by the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Patients with an abnormal BAT were confirmed to have a normal complete hemostatic evaluation. A large range of VWF assays was then carried out on a new blood sample for the 68 individuals (91% women) thus identified. Of note, five VWF:CB using different types of collagen were performed, as well as a comprehensive sequencing of the VWF gene.

Results

Of this cohort, only 3 individuals (all blood group O), had a VWF:CB between 40 and 50 IU/dL. No unknown anomaly of the VWF gene was disclosed. Of note, 54% of these patients had unexplained abnormal occlusion times on PFA‐200.

Conclusion

This study identified 68 cases of BDUC, after screening of a large population, indicating a low incidence. Only 3 cases were potentially confirmed as displaying moderate von Willebrand disease. VWF:CB tests were globally normal in the 65 other patients of the cohort.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT0279220.
Exploring the Stepped Care Model in Delivering Primary Mental Health Services—A Scoping Review
Authors: Mareya Shingai , Watts Mimmie Claudine , Zhao Lin , Olasoji Michael
Published: September 2024

The stepped care model (SCM) is a patient‐centred approach to mental health care, offering a range of services from least to most intensive, tailored to individual needs. This scoping review examines the adoption, effectiveness, challenges and implications associated with applying SCM within primary mental health service delivery. Evidence from global sources suggests the model is viable, effective and useful. This review explores the literature available, clarifies fundamental concepts and identifies existing knowledge gaps. The literature search included CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, the Federation University library, Google and Google Scholar databases. A systematic keyword‐based search using terms like “stepped care model,” “mental health,” and “primary care”; and a combination of keywords and subject headings, were used. The search strategy was refined by considering factors such as relevance, publication date, objectives and outcomes. This strategy yielded 20 papers compiled in this review. They include randomised controlled trials and cross‐sectional studies. The review supports SCM adoption in primary mental health care but acknowledges the need for further research. Key inclusions of the review include cost‐effectiveness, diverse diagnoses, efficacy and the model's structural configuration. Clear treatment details, delivery methods, intervention durations and chronological sequences are essential. This systematic approach enhances generalisability across different SCM models and areas, strengthening reliable inferences. In summary, the SCM holds promise for enhancing mental health service delivery. However, there is a need to further examine the factors that determine its effectiveness and understand the different ways in which SCM is implemented. Such inquiry forms the foundation for implementing and advancing mental health care services in Australia and internationally.
Microbiota–gut–brain axis in health and neurological disease: Interactions between gut microbiota and the nervous system
Authors: He Yuhong , Wang Ke , Su Niri , Yuan Chongshan , Zhang Naisheng , Hu Xiaoyu , Fu Yunhe , Zhao Feng
Published: September 2024

Along with mounting evidence that gut microbiota and their metabolites migrate endogenously to distal organs, the ‘gut–lung axis,’ ‘gut–brain axis,’ ‘gut–liver axis’ and ‘gut–renal axis’ have been established. Multiple animal recent studies have demonstrated gut microbiota may also be a key susceptibility factor for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and autism. The gastrointestinal tract is innervated by the extrinsic sympathetic and vagal nerves and the intrinsic enteric nervous system, and the gut microbiota interacts with the nervous system to maintain homeostatic balance in the host gut. A total of 1507 publications on the interactions between the gut microbiota, the gut–brain axis and neurological disorders are retrieved from the Web of Science to investigate the interactions between the gut microbiota and the nervous system and the underlying mechanisms involved in normal and disease states. We provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on nervous system function and neurotransmitter secretion, as well as alterations in the gut microbiota in neurological disorders, to provide a basis for the possibility of targeting the gut microbiota as a therapeutic agent for neurological disorders.
Oceanic whitetip shark cookies: Evidence of multiple predation events by an opportunistic mesopelagic predator on a large epipelagic shark
Authors: Cardeñosa Diego
Published: September 2024

In June 2024, a large female oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) was observed near San Andres Island, Colombia, bearing at least 41 healed circular scars on its skin. These scars, resembling those left by cookiecutter sharks on large teleost species, suggest repeated predation events. Cookiecutter sharks typically leave one or two bite marks per prey item, with a small percentage showing five or more marks. The observation implies frequent depth overlap between the mesopelagic cookiecutter sharks and the epipelagic oceanic whitetip shark in the Caribbean Sea.
Efficacy and Tolerability of a Novel Cosmetic and Over‐the‐Counter Facial Acne Regimen Versus a Prescription Treatment
Authors: Huang Priscilla , Supan Olivia , Pak Cecilia L. , Mehta Rahul C. , Makino Elizabeth T.
Published: September 2024

Background

The SkinMedica Acne Treatment Platform (SM Regimen) was formulated to treat acne without overdrying the skin. We evaluated efficacy and tolerability of the SM Regimen (including a novel 1% salicylic acid Acne Clarifying Cleanser and 2% salicylic acid Acne Treatment Lotion) versus a prescription formulation (Rx Regimen; including adapalene 0.1%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5%) in a diverse population of adults with mild to moderate facial acne.

Methods

This single‐center, double‐blind, randomized study enrolled adults (18–45 years) with Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) I–VI. SM Regimen or Rx Regimen was applied topically to the entire face for 12 weeks. Assessments were conducted at 24 and 48 h and 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

Results

Subjects (SM Regimen, n = 31; Rx Regimen, n = 23) were primarily female (90.7%) with mean age of 28.6 years; 53.8% had FST IV–VI. Efficacy was comparable between regimens. The SM regimen resulted in significant improvements versus baseline in mean Investigator's Global Assessment of acne severity from 48 h through week 12 (p ≤ 0.001), as well as significant and sustained improvements from baseline in total acne lesion count, global postinflammatory hyperpigmentation/postinflammatory erythema, and oiliness. The SM Regimen was well tolerated at all time points, with mean scores below mild for all parameters; the Rx Regimen caused significantly more tightness/dry feeling at week 4 versus SM Regimen (p = 0.008). Subjects (> 96%) reported high satisfaction with the SM Regimen at all time points.

Conclusions

The SM Regimen reduced acne severity and skin oiliness, evening out skin tone without overdrying or irritating the skin.
Human performance in predicting enhancement quality of gliomas using gadolinium‐free MRI sequences
Authors: Azizova Aynur , Wamelink Ivar J. H. G. , Prysiazhniuk Yeva , Cakmak Marcus , Kaya Elif , Petr Jan , Barkhof Frederik , Keil Vera C.
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose

To develop and test a decision tree for predicting contrast enhancement quality and shape using precontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in a large adult‐type diffuse glioma cohort.

Methods

Preoperative MRI scans (development/optimization/test sets: n = 31/38/303, male = 17/22/189, mean age = 52/59/56.7 years, high‐grade glioma = 22/33/249) were retrospectively evaluated, including pre‐ and postcontrast T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, and diffusion‐weighted imaging sequences. Enhancement prediction decision tree (EPDT) was developed using development and optimization sets, incorporating four imaging features: necrosis, diffusion restriction, T2 inhomogeneity, and nonenhancing tumor margins. EPDT accuracy was assessed on a test set by three raters of variable experience. True enhancement features (gold standard) were evaluated using pre‐ and postcontrast T1‐weighted images. Statistical analysis used confusion matrices, Cohen's/Fleiss’ kappa, and Kendall's W. Significance threshold was p < .05.

Results

Raters 1, 2, and 3 achieved overall accuracies of .86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .81‐.90), .89 (95% CI: .85‐.92), and .92 (95% CI: .89‐.95), respectively, in predicting enhancement quality (marked, mild, or no enhancement). Regarding shape, defined as the thickness of enhancing margin (solid, rim, or no enhancement), accuracies were .84 (95% CI: .79‐.88), .88 (95% CI: .84‐.92), and .89 (95% CI: .85‐.92). Intrarater intergroup agreement comparing predicted and true enhancement features consistently reached substantial levels (≥.68 [95% CI: .61‐.75]). Interrater comparison showed at least moderate agreement (group: ≥.42 [95% CI: .36‐.48], pairwise: ≥.61 [95% CI: .50‐.72]). Among the imaging features in the EPDT, necrosis assessment displayed the highest intra‐ and interrater consistency (≥.80 [95% CI: .73‐.88]).

Conclusion

The proposed EPDT has high accuracy in predicting enhancement patterns of gliomas irrespective of rater experience.
Incidence and presenting features of paediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis in a regional Australian health service
Authors: Cousen Shaun , Hiskens Matthew , Signal Dana , Vangaveti Venkat , Hariharan Gopakumar
Published: September 2024

Aim

To determine the incidence and presenting features of type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis in a paediatric population serviced by a regional health service in Queensland, Australia.

Methods

All patients less than 16 years old diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus between 01 January 2015 and 31 December 2021 were included in this retrospective, observational study. The electronic medical records of each patient were reviewed to collect data on demographics, presentation and ongoing diabetes care.

Results

Sixty‐four paediatric patients were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus during the study period, giving an incidence of 25 cases per 100 000 person years. Half the patients presented with diabetic ketoacidosis, with 14 (22% of the total cohort) presenting in severe diabetic ketoacidosis. There was no significant increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus or proportion of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis across the years of the study. Patients that had a delayed diagnosis had an increased likelihood of presenting with severe diabetic ketoacidosis.

Conclusion

Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the paediatric population in this regional centre in Queensland, Australia, is similar to national data. High proportions of patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis and severe diabetic ketoacidosis were identified in the study population, with delayed diagnosis, a risk factor for severe diabetic ketoacidosis.
Interpretation of Sydney Swallow Questionnaire results using the oropharyngeal dysphagia risk matrix
Authors: Audag Nicolas , Toussaint Michel , Prigent Hélène , Reychler Gregory
Published: September 2024

Background

Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) commonly occurs in neuromuscular diseases (NMD). Appropriate management involves early detection, clinical evaluation, and tailored follow‐up to minimize complications. Various assessment tools exist, including the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ), a patient‐reported outcome measure for assessing OD severity in adult patients. This paper proposes utilizing an innovative risk matrix (OD‐Risk‐Matrix) to enhance SSQ interpretation. This matrix categorizes OD risk for each SSQ question, offering valuable assistance to clinicians.

Methods

This study analyzes SSQ results from a cohort of individuals with NMD (n = 57). Patients filled in the SSQ during outpatient visits at our neuromuscular center. Subsequently, SSQ scores were grouped by NMD conditions and interpreted using the OD‐Risk‐Matrix categorizing each question's risk as low, moderate, or high. This matrix is based on the SSQ results by categorizing the risk of OD for each question, as well as the likelihood of occurrence of OD.

Key Results

In light of the OD‐Risk‐Matrix, the interpretation of SSQ scores revealed various risk categories associated with each question, while also highlighting distinct OD characteristics and discrepancies among the different NMDs.

Conclusion and Inferences

In conclusion, the OD‐Risk‐Matrix offers a framework for interpreting the SSQ, revealing variations in the risks of OD among different questions in patients with NMD. This novel approach could be a valuable tool in SSQ interpretation to identify specific fields of OD and could lead to a tailored management plan, prioritizing interventions aimed at reducing the risk of aspiration, ensuring proper nutrition, and enhancing swallowing safety and efficiency.
The enigmatic Triassic ovulate reproductive structures of Dordrechtites are recurved cupules fundamentally comparable to the cupules of Doylea and similar plants
Authors: Crane Peter R. , Anderson John M. , Anderson Heidi , Herendeen Patrick S. , Herrera Fabiany
Published: September 2024

Recent paleobotanical discoveries have renewed interest in the distinctively recurved, seed‐bearing cupules of Mesozoic plants, which are important for understanding seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the second integument of the angiosperm ovule.

Reanalysis of the enigmatic seed‐bearing organ Dordrechtites elongatus from the Triassic of South Africa, the type species of the genus, combined with information from similar material from Antarctica, Argentina and Australia, indicates that Dordrechtites is a highly modified lateral branch of a seed cone. Short lateral projections from a primary cone axis each bear several Dordrechtites units. Each unit consists of a long stalk bearing a straight to sometimes recurved cupule with a long distal extension beyond the cupule apex. Each cupule is flattened in a plane perpendicular to the stalk and distal projection and contains up to two seeds.

Structural similarities between Dordrechtites and the cupules of Doyleales indicate that they are homologous, providing new evidence for a close relationship.

The persistent cupule stalk and apical extension of Dordrechtites, combined with the flattened cupule, suggests modification for wind and water dispersal.
Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of the BradyrhizobiumT3SS‐triggered nodulation in the legume Aeschynomene evenia
Authors: Camuel Alicia , Gully Djamel , Pervent Marjorie , Teulet Albin , Nouwen Nico , Arrighi Jean‐François , Giraud Eric
Published: September 2024

Some Bradyrhizobium strains nodulate certain Aeschynomene species independently of Nod factors, but thanks to their type III secretion system (T3SS). While different T3 effectors triggering nodulation (ErnA and Sup3) have been identified, the plant signalling pathways they activate remain unknown.

Here, we explored the intraspecies variability in T3SS‐triggered nodulation within Aeschynomene evenia and investigated transcriptomic responses that occur during this symbiosis. Furthermore, Bradyrhizobium strains having different effector sets were tested on A. evenia mutants altered in various symbiotic signalling genes.

We identified the A. evenia accession N21/PI 225551 as appropriate for deciphering the T3SS‐dependent process. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of A. evenia N21 roots inoculated with ORS3257 strain and its ∆ernA mutant revealed genes differentially expressed, including some involved in plant defences and auxin signalling. In the other A. evenia accession N76, all tested strains nodulated the AeCRK mutant but not the AeNIN and AeNSP2 mutants, indicating a differential requirement of these genes for T3SS‐dependent nodulation. Furthermore, the effects of AePOLLUX, AeCCaMK and AeCYCLOPS mutations differed between the strains. Notably, ORS86 nodulated these three mutant lines and required for this both ErnA and Sup3.

Taken together, these results shed light on how the T3SS‐dependent nodulation process is achieved in legumes.