bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Distributed Processing of Reflex Tasks using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: - Abhishek Sisodia , - Dr. Ajay Singh , - Dr. (Prof.) Pushpneel Verma
Published: January 2024

Artificial Intelligence(AI) is a proliferating technology in the industry. Various flavors of AI capabilities exist in the market spanning the primitive text based chat bots to kinematic robots. Each AI capability possesses specific characteristics, interacts with humans with one or more interfaces. AI based systems are built with the intention to simulate humans in many ways. The concept of distributed AI has been in the industry for a while where each entity does feature extraction and performs inference; such tasks are constrained by its physical resources. The mechanism of fortifying this approach to simulate human intelligence through a ―Reflex Layer‖ is still a gap. Our work extends the distributed AI to inflate and mimic the human system. In this paper we introduce and disclose the concept of ―Reflex Layer‖ and articulate the processing capabilities of key AI components.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Tax Revenues of South African Countries
Authors: - G.K.Kiruthik Srinivaas , - Vidhi Kabra , - Prasoon Bagla , - Manisha Mathur , - Shrey Mehta
Published: January 2024

This research explores the macroeconomic elements that impact tax income in countries in South Africa. The study considers five countries: Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Zambia. Its primary objective is to identify key factors influencing tax revenue in these nations and examine their economic impact. Employing multivariate regression analysis, the research evaluates the impact of various macroeconomic indicators, including economic growth, inflation, foreign direct investment, and trade openness on tax revenues, using data from 1990 to 2021. Results indicate that economic growth and trade openness positively influence tax revenue, while inflation adversely affects it. The impact of foreign direct investment on tax revenue varies by country. These findings carry significant policy implications for South African nations, highlighting the importance of focusing on trade liberalization and economic growth to boost tax revenues, while also controlling inflation.
Die Schule lässt sich nicht von oben her regieren: Schulentwicklung durch Kooperation
Authors: Bätz Roland , Wissinger Jochen
Published: January 2024

Die Einstellung zu den Schulen, Qualifikation und Fortbildung der Lehrerinnen und Lehrer, Identifikation und Zufriedenheit im Beruf, das sind einige der Faktoren, die die Schulqualität und Schuleffektivität bestimmen. Aber dar "Gelenkstück" hin zu einer guten Schule - das ist der Schulleiter/die Schulleiterin in seiner Zusammenarbeit mit den Lehrerinnen und Lehrern einer Schule. Es ist also die Schulleitung gefragt - nicht als Macherin, sondern als Initiations-, Moderations-. Koordinations- und Unterstützungsstelle der Handlungseinheit Schule. Was Schulentwicklung für die Mitglieder der Organisation Schule, also für die Schulleitung und für die Lehrerschaft praktisch bedeutet, das stand im Mittelpunkt des II. Bamberger Schulleiter-Symposions "Motivation durch Kooperation". Dreihundert Schulleiterinnen und Schulleiter aller Schulformen, Vertreter der Schulleiterfortbildung, Funktionsträger der Schulverwaltung sowie Wissenschafter aus dem In- und Ausland erörterten Voraussetzungen, Bedingungen und konkrete Möglichkeiten, durch Kooperation Entwicklungsprozesse in Gang zu setzen, die die Problemlösungsfähigkeit und die Leistungsfähigkeit der Schule im Zuge des An- und Zusammenschliessens von Generationen über den Lehr- und Lernweg zu erhöhen versprechen. Die Beiträge und Diskussionen der Tagung erlauben vor allem sieben Schlussfolgerungen.
Neustrukturierung der Ausbildung von Lehrern und Lehrerinnen
Authors: Wyss Heinz
Published: January 2024

Ausgehend von (i) einem veränderten Berufsbild der Lehrerin und des Lehrers, (ii) den gegenwärtigen Bemühungen um die strukturelle und curriculare Reform der gymnasialen Allgemeinbildung sowie (iii) den Bestrebungen um die Einführung einer Berufsmaturität und die Schaffung von Fachhochschulen legt Heinz Wyss die Konsequenzen und Leitplanken für eine neuzugestaltende, künftig im Tertiärbereich (Fachhochschulen) angesiedelte Lehrer- und Lehrerinnenbildung dar. Durch die angestrebte Entflechtung von Allgemeinbildung und Berufsbildung werden langfristig die heutigen Mittelschulseminare verschwinden. Künftig werden zwei Wege zur Berufsbildung der Lehrerin und des Lehrers führen: der schulische Weg über eine reformierte gymnasiale Allgemeinbildung - auch die umzuwandelnden Mittelschulseminare werden dabei zu den Maturitätsschulen gehören - und der Weg über eine Berufsmaturität.
Mein Arbeitsjahr an der Primarschule
Authors: Schoch Fritz
Published: January 2024

Nach einer längeren Tätigkeit als Pädagogik- und Psychologielehrer in der LehrerInnenbildung hatte ich Gelegenheit, als Stellvertreter ein Jahr lang eine 5. Primarschulklasse zu unterrichten. Es ging mir bei diesem (selbstverordneten) Praktikum darum, die heutige Schulwirklichkeit und die Anforderungen an den LehrerInnenberuf wieder einmal ganz konkret kennen zu lernen. Ich werde die Gedanken meines Erfahrungsberichts in drei Schritten entwickeln und darstellen: Wie habe ich die Kinder erlebt? Welche Veränderungen habe ich seit meinem letzten Wirken als Primarlehrer (1969-1972 im appenzellischen Gais) an ihnen wahrgenommen? Was bedeuten diese Veränderungen für die Arbeit der LehrerInnen? Was heisst "LehrerIn sein" heute? Welche Konsequenzen, ziehe ich daraus für meine Arbeit in der Grundausbildung der LehrerInnen? Zu den ersten beiden Punkten habe ich bereits einen kurzen Text "Als Gastarbeiter an der Primarschule" verfasst, dessen Veröffentlichung für die SLZ-Nummer 22/92 (5.11.92) geplant ist. Ich werde nachfolgend einige Kernpunkte daraus erwähnen und in meine Auswertung einbeziehen. Zur Hauptsache geht es beim vorliegenden Beitrag darum, den dritten Punkt (Folgerungen für die LehrerInnenbildung) ausführlicher zu erörtern.
Anmerkungen und Nachfrage zum Artikel von Jürgen Oelkers "Universität und Lehrerbildung"
Authors: Schneebeli Alberto
Published: January 2024

In Heft 2/92 der Beiträge zur Lehrerbildung wurde das Memorandum zur Lehrerbildung auf der Sekundarstufe I der Pädagogischen Projektkommission der Nordwestschweizerischen Erziehungsdirektorenkonferenz (NWEDK) abgedruckt. In der gleichen Nummer publizierte die Redaktion einen Vortrag von Jürgen Oelkers, der sich kritisch mit einzelnen Aussagen des Memorandums auseinandersetzt. Als Mitglied und Präsident der Pädagogischen Projektkommission der NWEDK schulde ich - in Ergänzung zur Replik von Rudolf Künzli - eine Reaktion und Klärung.
Entwicklungstendenzen in der Lehrerbildung der Suisse romande und des Tessins
Authors: Wyss Heinz
Published: January 2024

Im Mittelpunkt dieses Heftes der BzL steht die Lehrerbildung in Genf. In der Gestaltung der Grundausbildung der Lehrkräfte für die Vorschule, die Primarstufe und den Spezialunterricht kommt dem Kanton Genf auch innerhalb der Suisse romande seit jeher eine Sonderstellung zu. Es ist deshalb von Bedeutung, auch darzustellen, was sich in den anderen Kantonen der Westschweiz und im Tessin tut. Freilich können die nachfolgenden Informationen lediglich bewusst machen, dass sich auch in den anderen Kantonen tiefgreifende Veränderungen ankünden und dass Prozesse im Gang sind, die allgemeine Entwicklungstrends erkennen lassen. Es zeichnet sich dabei nicht allein eine interkantonale Konvergenz ab, sondern ebenso die Abkehr von einer hierarchisch abstufenden und sektoriellen Wahrnehmung der Lehrergrundausbildungen und damit eine Evolution hin zu Gesamtkonzeptionen und zur institutionellen Integration der bisher meist aufgegliederten Studiengänge. Im besten Fall erwirken die Reformen auch eine innere Verbindung von Grundausbildung, Berufseinführung und Fortbildung.
Gemeinsam statt einsam. Problemorientiertes Training und kollegiale Praxis im Rahmen der Weiterbildung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern zu schulischen Heilpädagoginnen und -pädagogen
Authors: Gruntz-Stoll Johannes
Published: January 2024

Das 'Problem-orientierte Training' (Pallasch u.a. 1987) ist für Lehrkräfte aller Schularten und -stufen entwickelt worden und als Instrument zur Auseinandersetzung mit Schwierigkeiten aus dem Kindergarten- und Schulalltag in Beratungsgruppen gedacht. Eingeführt im Rahmen von Aus- oder Fortbildungsveranstaltungen ist das Training darauf angelegt, dass die Teilnehmer zunehmend Verantwortung für den Beratungsprozess und schliesslich dessen Leitung übernehmen: Kollegiale Praxisberatung wird so zu einer Form der problem- und praxisorientierten Zusammenarbeit im Kollegium. Über Erfahrungen, beobachtete Entwicklungen und vermutete Wirkungen im Zusammenhang mit der Ein- und Durchführung des 'Problem-orientierten Trainings' im Rahmen des Diplomstudiums in Schulischer Heilpädagogik um Sonderpädagogischen Seminar des Kantons Bern in Biel berichtet dieser Beitrag.
Anmerkungen zur Geschichte der Projektmethode
Authors: Rhyn Heinz
Published: January 2024

Der Projektunterricht gehört zu den vieldiskutierten neuen Unterrichtsformen, auch wenn allgemein bekannt ist, dass er in einer längeren historischen Tradition steht. Im folgenden Beitrag wird die Geschichte des Projektunterrichts, wie sie im deutschsprachigen Raum während Jahrzehnten festgeschrieben war, kursorisch nacherzählt. Anschliessend werden Ergebnisse aus der neuesten historischen Forschung referiert und schliesslich der lernpsychologische Kontext der reformpädagogischen Projektmethode umrissen. Dabei wird sich als entscheidende Schwäche des Projektunterrichts die Gegenstandsindifferenz herausstellen, die schon vor rund achtzig Jahren umstritten war.
Information Technology and Personnel
Authors: Tamar Kiladze Tamar Kiladze , Iulia Tedeevi Iulia Tedeevi
Published: January 2024

Information technologies develop faster and faster every year and gradually reach all spheres of life. Currently, the use of information technology in personnel management is unimaginable in isolation, as it allows any organization to use process automation to a large extent.
Most companies in the modern world automate the process of personnel management using information systems. The paper discusses the importance of information technology in personnel management, which allows the organization to always be one step ahead and ahead of its competitors, who use information technology in personnel management to a minimum.
In modern conditions, it is important to use technology in human resource management. (HR) Human resource managers use technology to make their jobs easier. Information technology affects almost all areas of society. This trend is primarily related to the ever-increasing volume of information and tasks. The transition to a digital economy encourages businesses to find innovative ways to implement digital strategies. Most business entities, to one degree or another, have moved to automation of processes in the field of human resource management. With the help of technology, more efficient selection of personnel is made for the company, personnel records are improved, and the ability to receive feedback from employees is also accelerated.
Keywords: personnel, human resources, information technology, Internet, technology, management.
The Impact of the Education Factor on Household Saving
Authors: Nikoloz Ostapenko Nikoloz Ostapenko
Published: January 2024

Many factors influence the formation of consumer habits, one of the key qualitative variables being the education factor. The article examines the influence of the mentioned factor, both on the example of Georgia for different groups of income levels, and on the basis of comparative analysis between countries.
The method of regression analysis is used as a research method. In particular, on the example of Georgia, the two-stage regression model is used. In the first stage, the savings factor is filtered from the influence of other factors. The second models are built for between the residual variable of the first stage equation and the education variable. The panel regression model with fixed period effects and period-weighted parameters is used for comparative analysis between countries.
The models built on the example of Georgia do not unambiguously show the importance of the education factor in relation to the variation of the savings rate. In addition, on the studied 12-year time horizon, which is a short-term period for revealing the relationship between the mentioned factors, the education factor shows an inversely proportional impact on the savings rate.
A cross-country panel model better identifies long-term factors and shows that increasing years of schooling increases the savings rate. Thus, the research shows that the education factor significantly improves financial decision-making abilities. Increasing choice in financial decisions is an important indicator of economic sustainability.
Keywords: savings rate, education, gross national income.
PENGANGGARAN BERBASIS KINERJA DAN AKUNTABILITAS KINERJA PADA LEMBAGA PEMERINTAH
Authors: Lukito Daniel , Qadaar Amiruddin , Mardikawati Budi , Susanti Melly
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between performance-based budgeting and performance accountability of government institutions. Government performance accountability is measured by indicators of program smoothness, budget implementation, performance indicators, financial analysis, evaluation reporting, and program duration. Performance-based budgeting uses measures of accountability and transparency, budget fairness, efficiency, and effectiveness as independent variables. Decisions are made by individuals who have power in the best interests. This research involved 39 department employees, secretaries, section heads, sub-division heads, and work subunits from the Regional Work Unit (SKPD) of the Environment and Forestry Service of Bengkulu Province who helped prepare the government budget. Data was collected through a questionnaire method, and respondents were given one. To analyze the data, the Spearman Rank test and hypothesis testing were used. The results of this research show that the three independent variables-implementation of performance-based budgeting with metrics of budget accountability and transparency, budget discipline, budget fairness, budget efficiency, and budget effectiveness-influence the performance accountability of government institutions
Sphaeropsis sapinea Dyko & Sutton Associated with Shoot Blight on Pinus brutia Ten. in Southwestern Turkey
Authors: Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi H. Tuğba , Lehtijärvi Asko , Karaca Gürsel , Aday A. Gülden
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted in order to determine the agents of shoot blight and dieback of Calabrian pines at Asagı Gökdere, Isparta province, in 2005 and 2006. Ninety trees were selected systematically in the stand. One dead branch from each tree was cut and the shoots were investigated under the stereomicroscope for the presence of fungal structures. Sphaeropsis sapinea Dyko & Sutton and Truncatella hartigii (Tubeuf) Steyaert were common fungi, with the observation frequencies of 21.1% and 46.7%, respectively. Pathogenicity of two fungi was investigated by winter and spring inoculations on Calabrian and Crimean pine. After eight months incubation period, the lesion sizes were measured. S. sapinea was found to be quite aggressive and large lesions formed on both hosts while lesions caused by T. hartigii did not differ significantly from the control.
Detection of Diplodia pinea in Asymptomatic Pine Shoots
Authors: Luchi Nicola , Capretti Paolo , Maresi Giorgio , Feducci Matteo
Published: January 2024

Diplodia pinea is a fungal pathogen that causes tip blight shoot on several conifers trees. During the last few years the occurrence of this fungus in symptomless pine shoots, has been investigated on Austrian pine (Pinus nigra A.) pinewoods located in Central and Northern Italy. Fungal detection from apparently healthy samples was performed by using both isolation of pine tissue on agarized media but also by the real-time PCR. Differences between two sampled pinewoods were found showing a different behaviour of the fungus in the host.
The Genetic Structure of Cypress Canker Fungus in Italy Using RAPD and Minisatellite Markers
Authors: Pedron Luca , Piva Giovanna , La Porta Nicola
Published: January 2024

Over the past half century a destructive blight of Cupressus spp., caused by Seiridium cardinale, has spread worldwide from North America, devastating forests, plantations, and ornamental cypresses. The epidemic has been particularly severe in the Mediterranean region, on C. sempervirens. Seventy-seven isolates of Seiridium cardinale have been collected for the genetic characterization of the North-Italian populations of the fungus. Five Seiridium spp. isolates from different countries and different hosts growing in different parts of the world were used for comparison. The structure of the population has been analysed by means of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and Direct Amplification of Minisatellite-Region DNA (DAMD) PCR marker techniques by using the M13 core sequence. The results indicated a very high level of homogeneity in the North-Italian population of the fungus, whereas a certain variability was recognized in isolates from other hosts and other species. The isolates belonged to the North-Italian population appear to be very similar from the molecular comparison with both type of markers. The isolate from Greece was included in the same group of the Italian isolates. Only the S. cardinale from Chile was clustered at significant distance from the other S. cardinale isolates from Italy and Greece. The genetic homogeneity of the fungus in Italy suggests that this population has gone through a recent genetic bottleneck, perhaps from the introduction in Europe of few genotypes of the fungus. This supports the hypothesis that the pathogen was introduced to Europe during World War II on infected wood material from the United States. The results are discussed in relation to the introduction and spread of the fungus in Europe.
Identification of Gene Involved in Cypress Canker by PCR-Select Subtractive Hybridisation Approach
Authors: Pedron Luca , Piva Giovanna , Zamboni Anita , Hietala Ari M. , La Porta Nicola
Published: January 2024

Cypress canker is the most serious biological threat faced by cypress in Europe and North America. Tree breeding strategies retain canker resistance the primary selection criterion. Identification of genes activated or inhibited during the infection process is the basis to better understand the canker resistance. PCR-select (suppression subtraction hybridization) technique of isolation of genes specific for an infection process, was applied for analysis of host-pathogen interactions in the pathosystem Cupressus sempervirens / Seiridium cardinale. The subtraction, with RNA from the early stages of infection of S. cardinale, as a tester, and RNA from uninfected C. sempervirens, as a driver, enriched the pool of cDNA molecules with the ones specific for infection. The first step, was to develop a critical protocol for RNA isolation from cypress bark to provide a good quality of RNA for the further analysis. In a second step, 5 years-old seedlings of C. sempervirens were artificially infected by virulent strain of S. cardinale. Particular attention was paid in the experimental design to avoid to select genes that were activated only by wounding. A third step, was the isolation of pathogen DNA to monitor, by Real-time PCR, the pathogen spatial colonization in the bark along the stem. In the fourth step, a subtractive procedure to obtain an enriched library of cDNA, by PCR-Select, was carried out to select putative genes. To this purpose databank similarity searches were performed with the Blastx. program maintained at NCBI. In this study we succeeded in identifying about 100 cDNA clones significantly expressed in infected hosts but not in the uninfected control. The expression of several of these genes showing sequence similarity with resistance- or stress-related genes from other plant species were identified.
Cryphonectria parasitica in Sessile Oak in Hungary
Authors: Szabó Ilona , Varga Szabolcs , Berényi Andrea , Vidóczi Henriett
Published: January 2024

Since 1999 occurrence of chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) has been observed in sessile oak in Western and South-Western regions of Hungary in young and middle aged Quercus petraea stands mixed with Castanea sativa. Incidence and impact of the disease, vegetative compatibility type diversity of the pathogen, occurrence of the natural hypovirulence in oak, conversion capacity of the local hypovirulent strains and development of the symptoms in inoculated oak trees were studied in order to investigate the conditions of the biological control based on the hypovirulence in oak. In 2003 survey plots were designated in 12 infected oak stands. The rate of infection varied up to 23.02% and the mortality rate up to 5.76%. Isolations were performed in 2004 from survey plots and in 2006 from larger areas of two forest management units. In 2004 all isolates from oak were of virulent character, while 15.38% of the isolates showed hypovirulent features in 2006. Totally 15 VC types were delimited among the 174 isolates. The VC type diversity varied between 1 to 5 types/plot or forest subcompartment. Five local hypovirulent isolates showed full conversion capacity to the selected virulent strains of different VC types in vitro. Early appearing and progressive increasing of the symptoms were observed in the oak trees inoculated with virulent strains, however more than half of the trees healed during the second year after the inoculation. Some hypovirulent inoculations caused superficial altering of the suberisation, showing the establishment of the hypovirulent fungus in the bark. Our results show favourable conditions for successful application of the preventive control by disseminating the hypovirulent strains in young oak stands.
Heterobasidion annosum Complex in Turkey
Authors: Lehtijärvi Asko , Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi H. Tuğba , Aday A. Gülden
Published: January 2024

Presence of Heterobasidion annosum in Turkey has been known at least for seventy-five years. During this period information on host species and distribution has accumulated. The host range includes four Abies taxa, three species of pine, and Picea orientalis. The known distribution covers roughly the whole zone of forests surrounding the dry Central Anatolian plateau, i.e. the coastal regions of Black Sea, Aegean Sea, and Mediterranean Sea. However, there is very little information about the pathogenicity and damage caused by Heterobasidion species. The current knowledge about the known distribution of members of H. annosum complex, and pathogenicity on different hosts in Turkey is reviewed.
Exposing the Enigma of Dothistroma Needle Blight Using Molecular Markers – a Progress Report
Authors: Barnes Irene , Wingfield Michael J. , Groenewald Marizeth , Kirisits Thomas , Crous Pedro W. , Wingfield Brenda D.
Published: January 2024

Dothistroma septosporum is a fungal pathogen causing a disease known as either red band needle blight or Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) on Pinus species worldwide. The three morphological varieties of this pathogen originally recognized based on differences in conidial length (Thyr – Shaw 1964, Ivory 1967) have not been supported by DNA sequence analyses (Barnes et al. 2004). However, phylogenetic relationships of Dothistroma isolates from various countries, based on DNA sequences for portions of the rDNA ITS, β-tubulin and TEF 1-α gene regions, revealed that DNB is caused by two distinct fungal species (Barnes et al. 2004). One species, Dothistroma septosporum, has a world-wide distribution and a very wide host range (Barnes et al. 2004, Bradshaw 2004, Bednárová et al. 2006). It is the pathogen responsible for the devastating losses to pine plantations in many Southern Hemisphere countries (Gibson 1974). The teleomorph state of this fungus is Mycosphaerella pini (Funk – Parker 1966). In contrast, Dothistroma pini is known only from the non-native Pinus nigra in the North-Central U.S.A and from P. pallasiana plantations in Ukraine and South-Western Russia, outside the natural range of this pine species (Barnes et al. 2004, Barnes et al. 2007).
Common Needle, Shoot, Branch and Stem Diseases of Conifer Trees in Bhutan
Authors: Kirisits Thomas , Donaubauer Edwin , Konrad Heino , Dorji Sangay , Barnes Irene , Maier Wolfgang , Wingfield Michael J. , Gyeltshen Norbu , Chhetri D. B.
Published: January 2024

Bhutan is a small, landlocked, densely forested country in the South-Eastern Himalayas (FAO 1999, 2001). Forests are of immense importance for the ecology, economy and social well-being of this country and for the livelihood of its people. In mountainous areas at elevations between about 2100 and 4200 m asl., temperate conifer forests form the natural vegetation in this part of the Himalayas. These forests occupy about 24% of the total area of Bhutan and they consist mainly of Eastern Himalayan fir (Abies densa), Eastern Himalayan spruce (Picea spinulosa), Himalayan hemlock (Tsuga dumosa) and Himalayan Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) (Grierson – Long 1983, Rosset 1999). Other conifers and various broadleaved tree species (Rhododendron spp., Betula spp., Populus spp., Acer spp., Sorbus spp. and Salix spp.) are often admixed to the aforementioned major conifer species or sometimes dominate forest stands on specific sites (Grierson – Long 1983, Rosset 1999). Another important conifer in Bhutan is Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii), which occurs mainly in sub-tropical and warm temperate forests (Grierson – Long 1983). This pine does, however, not form part of cold temperate conifer forests.
Mycotoxin Producing Fusarium Species – the Cause of Primary Stem Canker of Deciduous Forest Plants
Authors: Zaspel I. , Pham L. H. , Krause E.
Published: January 2024

Fusarium species are spread worldwide and causing damages at different stages of tree development as well as are involved in many complex diseases of forest ecosystems. Most impact was assessed in forest nurseries with seedling diseases like root and hypocotyls rot and wilt. Moreover, afforestations and natural stands of young forest broadleaved trees were affected by a range of species with symptoms of foliage withering and dieback of branches as well as bark necrosis and canker. Because those alarming symptoms apeared more widespread in the last decade, Fusarium strains were isolated from affected young trees of black locust, birch, alder, and aspen from nurseries, afforestations and from natural stands in Germany. The isolates were classified in F. avenaceum, F. tricinctum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. sambucinum by conidia morphology and ITS sequencing of rDNA. Fifteen isolates were examined regarding their pathogenicity on six broadleaved tree species with artificial inoculation under glasshouse conditions. Furthermore, the mycotoxic properties of these strains were investigated from cell extracts produced in six different culture media by means of on-line couplings LC-PDA-Q-TOF-ESI-MS as well as LC-UV-NMR, and MALDI-TOF-MS.
Altamiro Tibiriçá na Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos e o Ensino de Cálculo Vetorial
Authors: Pimentel Athos de Melo , Oliveira Davidson Paulo Azevedo , Aguilar Tatiana de Andrade
Published: January 2024

Em 1953, o engenheiro e professor Altamiro Tibiriçá Dias escreveu notas de aula sobre Cálculo Vetorial para o primeiro ano de funcionamento da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. O presente artigo relata quem foi o professor, como a escola foi criada e a participação dele nas aulas da disciplina dessa instituição. Ao analisar o material e a notação utilizada em suas notas de aula foi possível fazer uma comparação com outras obras contemporâneas, o que nos auxiliou a levantar hipóteses sobre o conteúdo matemático do material de Tibiriçá, evidenciando aproximações e distanciamentos entre elas. Embora tenham sido escritas para uma instituição paulista, este trabalho faz luz à História da Matemática em Minas Gerais, pois a formação acadêmica do professor foi consolidada em Ouro Preto como ex-aluno e docente. Assim, destacamos os desdobramentos de pesquisas relacionadas ao ensino de Cálculo Vetorial na instituição ouropretana no início e meados dos novecentos.
Black tenement house in Lviv: figurative and plastic solution
Authors: Ostrovska Solomiia
Published: January 2024

The main idea. The purpose of the article is a thorough analysis and research of the architectural and artistic features of the residential building on Rynok Square No. 4 in Lviv as a unique example of the synthesis of various types of art, which is reflected in its exterior and interior.
Main objective. The main object of the study is the analysis of the synthesis of various types of arts in the architecture of residential tenements in Lviv, namely in the Black House, as a representative example of Renaissance construction.
Methodology .The research uses general scientific and special approaches and methods. The main research methods were based on empirical, theoretical and deductive ways of reproducing the synthesis of arts in the Black House. The analysis and systematization of data on the main elements that create the interaction of various types of art are applied.
Results. Studying and tracing the peculiarities of the formation of the synthesis of arts on the example of Lviv residential tenements of the XVI-XVII centuries will allow us to reveal the wealth of the city's cultural, historical and architectural heritage, and will enrich the scientific and cultural context of modern Lviv. The problem for a comprehensive study of the monuments of Lviv is the limited number of stone houses that have remained preserved, if not in their original state, then at least in a state that gives an opportunity to imagine the wealth of decorations and architectural details. Among them, we can single out a valuable historical and artistic monument – building No. 4 on the Rynok square in Lviv.
Conclusions. The Black House is a valuable example of a richly decorated burgher's dwelling of the Renaissance period and one of the noblest both externally and internally. Originally, the synthesis of arts in it was formed by superimposing sculpture, stone carvings and polychrome decoration on the typical system of ordering the building, which was characteristic of the city. The process of combining various types of art has been ongoing since the building of the Black House until now. It is possible to distinguish V separate stages of formation of the synthesis of arts in the Black House. In the future, it is important to investigate and clarify the origin and iconography of the sculptures on the facade of the building. Create and perform a graphical hypothetical reconstruction of the facade based on the restoration data obtained from comprehensive studies of 2016-2019.
An Upper Bound for the Number of Rectangulations of a Planar Point Set
Authors: Ashbach Hannah , Pichini Kiki
Published: January 2024

We prove that every set of n points in the plane has at most $(16+\frac{5}{6})^n$ rectangulations. This improves upon a long-standing bound of Ackerman. Our proof is based on the cross-graph charging-scheme technique.
A Note on Ramsey Numbers Involving Large Books
Authors: Liu Meng , Li Yusheng
Published: January 2024

For graphs $G$ and $H$, the Ramsey number $R(G,H)$ is the minimum integer $N$ such that any red/blue edge coloring of $K_N$ contains either a red $G$ or a blue $H$. Let $\chi(G)$ be the chromatic number of $G$, and $s(G)$ the minimum size of a color class over all proper vertex colorings of $G$ with $\chi(G)$ colors. A connected graph $H$ is called $G$-{\em good} if $R(G,H)= (\chi(G)-1)(|H|-1)+s(G)$. For graphs $G$ and $H$, it is shown $K_p+nH$ is $(K_2+G)$-{\em good}, where $n$ is double-exponential in terms of $p,|G|,|H|$, and $K_p+nH$ is $C_{2m+1}$-{\em good} for $n\ge (100q)^{8q^3}$, where $q=\max\{m,p,|H|\}$. Both proofs are short that avoids using the regularity method.
A Comparison of Integer Partitions Based on Smallest Part
Authors: Binner Damanvir Singh , Amarpreet Rattan
Published: January 2024

For positive integers $n, L$ and $s$, consider the following two sets that both contain partitions of $n$ with the difference between the largest and smallest parts bounded by $L$:  the first set contains partitions with smallest part $s$, while the second set contains partitions with smallest part at least $s+1$.  Let $G_{L,s}(q)$ be the generating series whose coefficient of $q^n$ is difference between the sizes of the above two sets of partitions.  This generating series was introduced by Berkovich and Uncu (2019).   Previous results concentrated on the nonnegativity of $G_{L,s}(q)$ in the cases $s=1$ and $s=2$.  In the present paper, we show the eventual positivity of $G_{L,s}(q)$ for general $s$ and also find a precise nonnegativity result for the case $s=3$.
Incidences of Cubic Curves in Finite Fields
Authors: Warren Audie
Published: January 2024

In this paper we prove an incidence bound for points and cubic curves over prime fields. The methods generalise those used by Mohammadi, Pham, and Warren.
Analysis of Efforts to Improve the Quality of Health in Kampung Sayang Ibu Anak through Exclusive Breastfeeding Ambassadors and Women's Reproductive Health in Kiarapedes Village, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Arifianingsih Ayu
Published: January 2024

Kampung Sayang Ibu Anak (KSIA) is a program that aims to improve the quality of maternal and child health. One of the efforts made in KSIA is through the role of ambassador for breastfeeding and women's reproductive health. This research aims to analyze efforts to improve the quality of KSIA health through breastfeeding and women's reproductive health ambassadors in Kiarapedes Village, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that efforts to improve the quality of KSIA health through breastfeeding and women's reproductive health ambassadors in Kiarapedes Village have gone well. Ambassadors for breastfeeding and women's reproductive health have played an active role in providing education, counseling and assistance to pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and adolescent girls. The education and counseling provided by breastfeeding and women's reproductive health ambassadors has increased the knowledge and understanding of pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and adolescent girls about exclusive breastfeeding and women's reproductive health. In addition, the assistance provided by breastfeeding and women's reproductive health ambassadors has increased the self-confidence and ability of pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and adolescent girls to care for themselves and their families. In conclusion, efforts to improve the quality of KSIA health through breastfeeding and women's reproductive health ambassadors have had a positive impact on increasing knowledge, understanding, self-confidence and abilities of pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and adolescent girls.
Ethical Implications of Advanced Surveillance Technologies on Law Enforcement: A Case Study of National Police Service in County of Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Kisio Benjamin , Wa Teresia Ndikaru
Published: January 2024

The study's research objectives included examining the effects of advanced surveillance technologies on law enforcement by NPS in Nairobi County and evaluating the ethical implications of using these technologies by the NPS. The social contract theory was used to understand the ethical implications of using advanced surveillance technologies in law enforcement. The research population includes the 4.7 residents of Nairobi County affected by the implementation of advanced surveillance technologies both overtly and covertly. The data was collected from a sample of 50 randomly sampled participants. The respondents were engaged using a qualitative questionnaire. Therefore, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected in the study. The study was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and the thematic analysis method. The study concluded that the use of advanced surveillance technologies such as CCTV systems, facial recognition, license plate recognition, drones, forensic tools, and biometric systems in law enforcement and public safety are widely acknowledged. The ethical considerations regarding these technologies include data security, privacy, freedom of expression, transparency, and accountability. These, however, do not negate the fact that the technologies are necessary for enhancing public safety and emergency response. It is, therefore, imperative to establish clear guidelines and regulations for using advanced surveillance technologies in law enforcement
KETERLIBATAN ANAK DALAM TINDAK PIDANA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA ANAK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Wahyulina Diah , Chrisdanty Febry
Published: January 2024

Children are the next generation of the nation so they need maximum coaching, guidance and protection so that the child will not commit an act that violates the law. The involvement of children, who in this case are perpetrators of a criminal Children are the next generation of the nation so they need maximum coaching, guidance and protection so that the child will not commit an act that violates the law. The involvement of children, who in this case are perpetrators of a criminal act, must be given the rights and protection of children as vulnerable legal subjects as regulated in the applicable laws and regulations. Through a normative legal approach, this research analyzes legal regulations that regulate the rights and protection of children involved in criminal contexts. The aims of this research are firstly to find out the meaning of children in Indonesian laws and regulations, secondly to find the concept of children's criminal law legislation in Indonesia which regulates children's involvement in criminal acts according to a normative approach, and thirdly to find out the procedures for handling cases of involvement. children in juvenile crimes from the perspective of juvenile criminal law in Indonesia through the principles of child human rights and the principles of the best interests of the child. The results of this research are that the handling of cases of child involvement in juvenile crimes from the perspective of juvenile criminal law in Indonesia is by placing more emphasis on the principles of children's human rights and the best principles for the interests of children because although there has been progress, challenges remain, and improvements Continuous harmonization of policies, consistent implementation, and strengthening the rehabilitation system can optimize the protection and development of children involved in the context of juvenile criminal justice.

Keywords: Child Involvement, Child Crime, Child Criminal Law
Textile industry in the Islamic Kingdom of Granada in the 9th century AH / 15th century AD
Authors: بكار د. فرحات
Published: January 2024

This research study deals with a topic on the industrial side entitled ((the textile industry in the Islamic Kingdom of Granada in the 9th century AH / 15th century)) through what the Arab Islamic sources and the books of the journey and the contemporary geography of the period from the history of Andalusia as source material and what was written, and The Arab references and the foreign language of the orientalists from the interpretations of the most important manifestations of cultural superiority and the growth of the creative movement in the field of industries and crafts associated with the collective creativity of the people and the amount of economic capacity experienced by the Granatist in this period through two main ages: Primary for the textile industry. In this era, the basic materials of the textile industry were dealt with as raw materials and their places of availability throughout Andalusia: raw silk, wool and linen. The second era dealt with all types of textiles made of silk textiles, linen textiles and woolen textiles. The people of the Kingdom of Granada are insisted on retaining these industries and craftsmanship in showing their artistic skills in the industries in addition to maintaining their superiority in order to survive despite the political circumstances of the crisis at that time.
CTM Tongue Image Consulting System based on Deep Learning Technology
Authors: Jingxuan Fang , Fei Liu , Xiang Fang , Lingtao Su
Published: January 2024

Internet is an important development step in information times. With the tide of Internet development, internet plus health will become a trend of new times. The Chinese Traditional Medicine (CTM) tongue image consulting system based on deep learning technology has created a more perfect and intelligent personal health management system by connecting smart devices to mobile platforms. The system will serve customers perfectly through health food therapy, medical consultation, etc.
On Generic Automorphisms
Authors: Nurkhaidarov Ermek
Published: January 2024

In this article we investigate generic automorphisms of countable models. Hodges et al. 1993 introduces the notion of SI (small index) generic automorphisms. They used the existence of small index generics to show the small index property of the model. Truss 1989 defines the notion of Truss generic automorphisms. An automorphism f ofM is called Truss generic if its conjugacy class is comeagre in the automorphism group ofM. We study the relationship between these two types of generic automorphisms. We show that either the countable random graph or a countable arithmetically saturated model of True Arithmetic have both SI generic and Truss generic automorphisms. We prove that the dense linear order has the small index property and Truss-generic automorphisms but it does not have SI generic automorphisms. We also construct an example of a countable structure which has SI generics but it does not have Truss generics.
An Empirical Study on Tourism and Economic Growth in Greece: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Boundary Test Approach
Authors: Mavrommati Athanasia , Kazanas Thanassis , Pliakoura Alexandra , Kalogiannidis Stavros , Chatzitheodoridis Fotios
Published: January 2024

The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of the tourism industry on the economic growth of Greece. The study employs empirical analysis and time series econometric techniques to evaluate the Tourism-Driven Growth hypothesis. Information spanning from 1995 to 2022 about the growth of tourism (TR), expenditure on tourism (TE), average expenditure on tourism per capita (PCTE), and economic growth (GDP) was utilized. Initially, the authors examined the interconnections among these variables using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Test. After identifying a statistically significant cointegration relationship, the study proceeded to estimate the long-term and short-term coefficients associated with these variables. Based on the results, it appears that there is a long-term correlation between economic growth and tourism, indicating that international tourism can have a positive impact on economic expansion.
Bridging the Gender Gap in STEM Fields: Empowering Women for Economic and Social Development in Malaysia
Authors: Idris Rashidin , Faisal-E-Alam Md. , Castanho Rui Alexandre , Loures Luís
Published: January 2024

The study’s primary goal is to understand and address gender disparities in STEM education and careers in Malaysia. The methodology entails an in-depth review and analysis of existing policies, academic literature, and statistical data from previous reports. The study reveals that the gender discrepancy in STEM education and careers has significant ramifications, not just for women’s economic empowerment, but also for the overall economic growth and development of the country. Also, research has demonstrated that the involvement of women in STEM education and professions is essential for promoting innovation, stimulating economic development, and propelling social advancement. However, despite efforts to advance gender equality in education and the job market, Malaysian women still face numerous obstacles when it comes to pursuing STEM education and employment. These obstacles include the underrepresentation of women in the workplace, the absence of female role models, a family-friendly environment, and societal norms and gender stereotypes that discourage women from entering traditionally male-dominated professions. This study emphasizes the importance of improving these issues to encourage female participation in STEM fields by empowering them for economic and social development.
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with anti-angiogenesis agents and immune checkpoint inhibitiors for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Yu-Zhe , Zheng Guang-Lei , Zhang Tian-Qi , Shao Hong-Yan , Pan Jia-Yu , Huang Zi-Lin , Zuo Meng-Xuan
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has been proven to be an ideal choice for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). HAIC-based treatment showed great potential for treating uHCC. However, large-scale studies on HAIC-based treatments and meta-analyses of first-line treatments for uHCC are lacking.

AIM

To investigate better first-line treatment options for uHCC and to assess the safety and efficacy of HAIC combined with angiogenesis inhibitors, programmed cell death of protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) blockers (triple therapy) under real-world conditions.

METHODS

Several electronic databases were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials for this meta-analysis. Study-level pooled analyses of hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were performed. This was a retrospective single-center study involving 442 patients with uHCC who received triple therapy or angiogenesis inhibitors plus PD-1/PD-L1 blockades (AIPB) at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 2018 to April 2023. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the bias between the groups. The Kaplan-Meier method and cox regression were used to analyse the survival data, and the log-rank test was used to compare the suvival time between the groups.

RESULTS

A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included. HAIC alone and in combination with sorafenib were found to be effective treatments (P values for ORs: HAIC, 0.95; for HRs: HAIC + sorafenib, 0.04). After PSM, 176 HCC patients were included in the analysis. The triple therapy group (n = 88) had a longer median overall survival than the AIPB group (n = 88) (31.6 months vs 14.6 months, P < 0.001) and a greater incidence of adverse events (94.3% vs 75.4%, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis suggests that HAIC-based treatments are likely to be the best choice for uHCC. Our findings confirm that triple therapy is more effective for uHCC patients than AIPB.