bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved mortality and haemodynamics with milrinone in cardiogenic shock due to acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Rodenas‐Alesina Eduard , Luis Scolari Fernando , Wang Vicki N. , Brahmbhatt Darshan H. , Mihajlovic Vesna , Fung Nicole L. , Otsuki Madison , Billia Filio , Overgaard Christopher B. , Luk Adriana
Published: June 2023

Aims

Studies in cardiogenic shock (CS) often have a heterogeneous population of patients, including those with acute myocardial infarction and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF‐CS). The therapeutic profile of milrinone may benefit patients with ADHF‐CS. We compared the outcomes and haemodynamic trends in ADHF‐CS receiving either milrinone or dobutamine.

Methods and results

Patients presenting with ADHF‐CS (from 2014 to 2020) treated with a single inodilator (milrinone or dobutamine) were included in this study. Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and haemodynamic parameters were collected. The primary endpoint was 30 day mortality, with censoring at the time of transplant or left ventricular assist device implantation. A total of 573 patients were included, of which 366 (63.9%) received milrinone and 207 (36.1%) received dobutamine. Patients receiving milrinone were younger, had better kidney function, and lower lactate at admission. In addition, patients receiving milrinone received mechanical ventilation or vasopressors less frequently, whereas a pulmonary artery catheter was more frequently used. Milrinone use was associated with a lower adjusted risk of 30 day mortality (hazard ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.77). After propensity‐matching, the use of milrinone remained associated with a lower mortality (hazard ratio = 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.96). These findings were associated with improved pulmonary artery compliance, stroke volume, and right ventricular stroke work index.

Conclusions

The use of milrinone compared with dobutamine in patients with ADHF‐CS is associated with lower 30 day mortality and improved haemodynamics. These findings warrant further study in future randomized controlled trials.
Evolocumab has no effects on heart failure with reduced ejection fraction injury biomarkers: The EVO‐HF trial
Authors: Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Lupón Josep , Revuelta‐Lopez Elena , Llibre Cinta , Gastelurrutia Paloma , Domingo Mar , Cediel Germán , Codina Pau , Santiago‐Vacas Evelyn , Rangel‐Sousa Diego , Fernández‐Cisnal Agustín , Miñana Gema , Mollar Anna , Núñez Julio
Published: June 2023

Aim

Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have not been shown to benefit from statins. We hypothesized that, by limiting disease progression in stable HFrEF of ischaemic etiology, the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor evolocumab could reduce circulating troponin levels, a surrogate biomarker of myocyte injury and atherosclerosis progression.

Methods and results

The EVO‐HF multicentre prospective randomized trial compared evolocumab (420 mg/month administered subcutaneously) plus guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT; n = 17) versus GDMT alone (n = 22) for 1 year in patients with stable coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%, ischaemic aetiology, New York Heart Association class II, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) ≥400 pg/ml, high‐sensitivity troponin T (hs‐TnT) >10 pg/ml, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) ≥70 mg/dl. The primary endpoint was change in hs‐TnT concentration. Secondary endpoints included NT‐proBNP, interleukin‐1 receptor‐like 1 (ST2), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), LDL, low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), and PCSK9 levels at 1 year. Patients were mainly Caucasian (71.8%), male (79.5%), relatively young (mean age 68.1 ± 9.4 years), with a mean LVEF of 30.4 ± 6.5%, and managed with contemporary treatments. No significant changes in hs‐TnT levels were observed in any group at 1 year. NT‐proBNP and ST2 levels decreased in the GDMT plus evolocumab group (p = 0.045 and p = 0.008, respectively), without changes in hs‐CRP, HDL‐C, or LDLR. Total and LDL‐C decreased in both groups, significantly higher in the intervention group (p = 0.003), and PCSK9 levels increased in the intervention group.

Conclusions

This prospective randomized pilot trial, although with the limitation of the small sample size, does not support the benefit of evolocumab in reducing troponin levels in patients with elevated LDL‐C levels, history of coronary artery disease, and stable HFrEF.
Efficient Hydroboration of Esters and Nitriles Using a Quinazolinone‐Supported Titanium(IV) Multitasking Catalyst
Authors: Narvariya Rajrani , Das Suman , Mandal Susmita , Jain Archana , Panda Tarun K.
Published: June 2023

We report catalytic hydroboration of esters as well as nitriles under solvent‐free and mild conditions using single titanium(IV) metal complex, [{κ2‐C6H4C(O)N(iPr)C(N‐iPr)=N}{κ3‐(iPr)N=C(O)−C6H4−NC(NMe2)N(iPr)}TiNMe2] 1 as a sustainable, economical, and efficient pre‐catalyst. The molecular structure of the TiIV complex in the solid state reveals the unique coordination of TiIV metal with N, N, and O atoms of one quinazolinone unit via in‐situ rearrangement, while another quinazolinone moiety coordinates in bidentate fashion via both N atoms only. The TiIV complex demonstrates excellent activity as a pre‐catalyst towards the hydroboration of a wide array of esters and nitriles with pinacolborane (HBpin) to afford alkoxyboranes and diboryl amines in high yield (up to 99 %) with greater tolerance to a variety of electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating functional groups. A most plausible mechanism of hydroboration of esters is also proposed based on kinetics and NMR studies, which suggests the formation of titanium‐hydride species as an active catalyst.
Offer cohorts for adult learners by balancing institutional mission and finances
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2023

CHICAGO — Studies show that adult learners tend to do better in pursuing higher education when they make personal connections with your campus — and with their peers. At George Fox University in Portland, Oregon, cohorts have facilitated successful connections between adult learners and its institution and helped boost retention and completion rates.
Law schools clearly affirming their missions
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: June 2023

In early December, the University of Washington School of Law became one of a growing number of U.S. law schools that have decided to end their participation in the U.S. News & World Report ranking methodology.
How registrars can boost student retention
Authors: D’Orio Wayne
Published: June 2023

AURORA, COLORADO — These days, your car can warn you when you’re leaving your lane or another vehicle is encroaching. Your phone might be able to detect if you were in an accident, and even Netflix will take a shot at guessing what show you might want to watch next.
Melissa Manuel: Reshaping Higher Ed in Saudi Arabia
Authors: D’Orio Wayne
Published: June 2023

After 10 years working in admissions and registrar offices in higher education, Melissa Manuel understands how hard it can be to change the ways institutions do business.
Equipping fathers to support distressed mothers: What do mothers want fathers to know and do?
Authors: Fletcher Richard , Regan Casey , May Chris , White Scott , St George Jennifer
Published: June 2023

Issue Addressed

Up to one in five new mothers experience depression or anxiety, and their partners are often the first line of social and practical support. However, many fathers are unprepared for their role as support person. The SMS4dads program (www.sms4dads.com) provides text‐based support to new fathers but lacks specific messages addressing maternal mental distress.

Methods

A mixed methods process engaged mothers with lived experience of perinatal mental distress to identify message content for co‐designing texts in SMS4dads. Participants completed surveys derived from research literature and parenting websites using the theoretical framework of support domains: emotional or affectionate support, informational support, tangible support and positive social interaction. Mothers also indicated the most appropriate timing of support: at the point of identifying the distress (emerging), with ongoing symptoms (persistent) or during recovery (easing). Free text comments from mothers were linked to survey topics to provide examples of wording suitable for text messages to fathers.

Results

Fifty‐five mothers with lived experience completed the surveys. All support items were more often endorsed as helpful rather than not helpful by mothers. Emotional support was thought helpful in the early stages, tangible support was valued with ongoing symptoms and social interaction appreciated as symptoms eased.

Conclusions

Mothers experiencing perinatal depression and anxiety require a range of supportive actions by their partners, including household tasks and baby‐care, encouragement, listening and managing relationships with family and friends.

So What?

Information provided by distressed mothers can provide guidance to professionals when designing information for fathers/partners. Digital delivery of this co‐designed information to fathers across urban and rural areas may enhance the competence of fathers working to support mothers experiencing mental distress in the perinatal period.
The relationship between incidence of cesarean section and physical activity during pregnancy among pregnant women of diverse age groups: Dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: Weng Yeming M. , Green Jeni , Yu Jingjing J. , Zhang Hanyue Y. , Cui Hua
Published: June 2023

Background

There is a lack of evidence related to physical activity and risk of cesarean section (CS) by age and/or weight in pregnant women.

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of physical activity on the incidence of CS and explore the relationship of age and body mass index (BMI) with incidence of CS.

Search Strategy

A systematic search was conducted in CNKI, WANGFANG, Web of Science, and PubMed from inception to 31 August 2021.

Selection Criteria

Experimental studies were included if the participants were pregnant, if intervention included physical activity and controls received routine prenatal care only, and if primary outcome was CS.

Data Collection and Analysis

Meta‐analysis included a heterogeneity test, data combination, subgroup analysis, forest plot, sensitivity analysis, and dose–response regression analysis.

Main Results

Sixty‐two studies were included. Physical activity during pregnancy decreased the incidence of CS (relative risk [RR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.88, P < 0.001). The incidence of CS was lower among the overweight/obese group (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.93) compared with the normal weight group (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74–0.90). The incidence of CS was lowest among the young age group (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46–0.80) compared with the middle age group (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64–0.85) and the older age group (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–1.00). The critical value, when age becomes a risk factor for CS, was 31.7 years in the intervention group and 28.5 years in the control group.

Conclusions

Physical activity during pregnancy can reduce the incidence of CS, especially among obese people, and prolong the gestational age span.
Pre‐cultured, cell‐encapsulating fibrin microbeads for the vascularization of ischemic tissues
Authors: Friend Nicole E. , Beamish Jeffrey A. , Margolis Emily A. , Schott Nicholas G. , Stegemann Jan P. , Putnam Andrew J.
Published: June 2023

There is a significant clinical need to develop effective vascularization strategies for tissue engineering and the treatment of ischemic pathologies. In patients afflicted with critical limb ischemia, comorbidities may limit common revascularization strategies. Cell‐encapsulating modular microbeads possess a variety of advantageous properties, including the ability to support prevascularization in vitro while retaining the ability to be injected in a minimally invasive manner in vivo. Here, fibrin microbeads containing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were cultured in suspension for 3 days (D3 PC microbeads) before being implanted within intramuscular pockets in a SCID mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. By 14 days post‐surgery, animals treated with D3 PC microbeads showed increased macroscopic reperfusion of ischemic foot pads and improved limb salvage compared to the cellular controls. Delivery of HUVEC and MSC via microbeads led to the formation of extensive microvascular networks throughout the implants. Engineered vessels of human origins showed evidence of inosculation with host vasculature, as indicated by erythrocytes present in hCD31+ vessels. Over time, the total number of human‐derived vessels within the implant region decreased as networks remodeled and an increase in mature, pericyte‐supported vascular structures was observed. Our findings highlight the potential therapeutic benefit of developing modular, prevascularized microbeads as a minimally invasive therapeutic for treating ischemic tissues.
Factors associated with the response to atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yano Yoshihiko , Yamamoto Atsushi , Mimura Takuya , Kushida Saeko , Hirohata Seiya , Yoon Seitetsu , Hirano Hirotaka , Kim Soo Ki , Hatazawa Yuri , Momose Kenji , Hayashi Hiroki , Kado Takuo , Nishi Katsuhisa , Tanaka Hidenori , Matsuura Takanori , Yoshida Ryutaro , Asaji Naoki , Yasutomi Eiichiro , Shiomi Yuuki , Minami Akihiro , Komatsu Shohei , Fukumoto Takumi , Ueda Yoshihide , Kodama Yuzo
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim

The purpose of this study was to analyze factors associated with the overall survival (OS) of atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). We also assessed the OS of patients with ineffective therapy and those who discontinued treatment owing to adverse events (AEs).

Methods

This retrospective multicenter study involved 139 patients with aHCC who received atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy between November 2020 and September 2022.

Results

The median duration of treatment was 136.5 days, and the median observation period was 316 days. The overall response rate was 40%, and the disease control rate was 78% according to mRECIST criteria. Grade ≥2 AEs occurred in 63 patients (43%) and led to treatment discontinuation in 16 patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that treatment response and occurrence of grade ≥2 AEs after therapy, as well as low level of albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) grade and low level of des‐gamma carboxy prothrombin (DCP) before therapy, were extracted as factors that contributed to OS. Log‐rank tests with the Kaplan–Meier method showed significant differences in OS among these factors. The OS of patients who discontinued owing to AEs was significantly shorter than that of other patients.

Conclusion

Not only factors before therapy but also treatment response and the appearance of AEs are involved in OS for atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy. Although the development of AEs also contributed to OS, appropriate management of AEs is important to avoid discontinuing treatment with this combination.
Deep learning‐based identification of sinoatrial node‐like pacemaker cells from SHOX2/HCN4 double‐positive cells differentiated from human iPS cells
Authors: Wakimizu Takayuki , Naito Junpei , Ishida Manabu , Kurata Yasutaka , Tsuneto Motokazu , Shirayoshi Yasuaki , Hisatome Ichiro
Published: June 2023

Background

Cardiomyocytes derived from human iPS cells (hiPSCs) include cells showing SAN‐ and non‐SAN‐type spontaneous APs.

Objectives

To examine whether the deep learning technology could identify hiPSC‐derived SAN‐like cells showing SAN‐type‐APs by their shape.

Methods

We acquired phase‐contrast images for hiPSC‐derived SHOX2/HCN4 double‐positive SAN‐like and non‐SAN‐like cells and made a VGG16‐based CNN model to classify an input image as SAN‐like or non‐SAN‐like cell, compared to human discriminability.

Results

All parameter values such as accuracy, recall, specificity, and precision obtained from the trained CNN model were higher than those of human classification.

Conclusions

Deep learning technology could identify hiPSC‐derived SAN‐like cells with considerable accuracy.
Genetic variation influences the skeletal response to hindlimb unloading in the eight founder strains of the diversity outbred mouse population
Authors: Friedman Michael A. , Buettmann Evan G. , Zeineddine Yasmina , Abraham Lovell B. , Hoppock Gabriel A. , Meas Steven J. , Zhang Yue , Farber Charles R. , Donahue Henry J.
Published: June 2023

During disuse, mechanical unloading causes extensive bone loss, decreasing bone volume and strength. Variations in bone mass and risk of osteoporosis are influenced by genetics; however, it remains unclear how genetic variation affects the skeletal response to unloading. We previously found that genetic variation affects the musculoskeletal response to 3 weeks of immobilization in the 8 Jackson Laboratory J:DO founder strains: C57Bl/6J, A/J, 129S1/SvImJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, NZO/HlLtJ, CAST/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ. Hindlimb unloading (HLU) is the best model for simulating local and systemic contributors of disuse and therefore may have a greater impact on bones than immobilization. We hypothesized that genetic variation would affect the response to HLU across the eight founder strains. Mice of each founder strain were placed in HLU for 3 weeks, and the femurs and tibias were analyzed. There were significant HLU and mouse strain interactions on body weight, femur trabecular BV/TV, and femur ultimate force. This indicates that unloading only caused significant catabolic effects in some mouse strains. C57BL/6 J mice were most affected by unloading while other strains were more protected. There were significant HLU and mouse strain interactions on gene expression of genes encoding bone metabolism genes in the tibia. This indicates that unloading only caused significant effects on bone metabolism genes in some mouse strains. Different mouse strains respond to HLU differently, and this can be explained by genetic differences. These results suggest the outbred J:DO mice will be a powerful model for examining the effects of genetics on the skeletal response to HLU.
Quantifying pelagic primary production and respiration via an automated in situ incubation system
Authors: Chen Solomon T. , Ward Collin P. , Long Matthew H.
Published: June 2023

Pelagic photosynthesis and respiration serve critical roles in controlling the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in seawater. The consumption and production via pelagic primary production are of particular importance in the surface ocean and in freshwater ecosystems where photosynthetically active radiation is abundant. However, the dynamic nature and large degree of heterogeneity in these ecosystems pose substantial challenges for providing accurate estimates of marine primary production and metabolic state. The resulting lack of higher‐resolution data in these systems hinders efforts in scaling and including primary production in predictive models. To bridge the gap, we developed and validated a novel automated water incubator that measures in situ rates of photosynthesis and respiration. The automated water incubation system uses commercially available optodes and microcontrollers to record continuous measurements of DO within a closed chamber at desired intervals. With fast response optodes, the incubation system produced measurements of photosynthesis and respiration with an hourly resolution, resolving diel signals in the water column. The high temporal resolution of the time series also enabled the development of Monte Carlo simulation as a new data analysis technique to calculate DO fluxes, with improved performance in noisy time series. Deployment of the incubator was conducted near Ucantena Island, Massachusetts, U.S.A. The data captured diel fluctuations in metabolic fluxes with an hourly resolution, allowed for a more accurate correlation between oxygen cycling and environmental conditions, and provided improved characterization of the pelagic metabolic state.
Preclinical characterization of WB737, a potent and selective STAT3 inhibitor, in natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Yali , Zhou Wenbo , Chen Jianfeng , Chen Jinghong , Deng Peng , Chen Huang , Sun Yichen , Yu Zhaoliang , Pang Diwen , Liu Lizhen , Wang Peili , Hong Jing Han , Teh Bin Tean , Huang Huiqiang , Li Wenyu , Yi Zhengfang , Lim Soon Thye , Chen Yihua , Ong Choon Kiat , Liu Mingyao , Tan Jing
Published: June 2023

Natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (NKTL) is an uncommon malignancy with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Activating mutations of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are frequently found in patients with NKTL, suggesting that targeted inhibition of STAT3 is a potential therapeutic option for this disease. Here, we have developed a small molecule drug WB737 as a novel and potent STAT3 inhibitor that directly binds to the STAT3‐Src homology 2 domain with high affinity. In addition, the binding affinity of WB737 to STAT3 is 250‐fold higher than STAT1 and STAT2. Interestingly, WB737 is more selective for NKTL with STAT3‐activating mutations in terms of growth inhibition and apoptotic induction when compared with Stattic. Mechanistically, WB737 inhibits both canonical and noncanonical STAT3 signaling via suppression of STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 and Ser727, respectively, thereby inhibiting the expression of c‐Myc and mitochondria‐related genes. Moreover, WB737 inhibited STAT3 more potently than Stattic, resulting in a significant antitumor effect with undetectable toxicity, followed by almost complete tumor regression in an NKTL xenograft model harboring a STAT3‐activating mutation. Taken together, these findings provide preclinical proof‐of‐concept for WB737 as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NKTL patients with STAT3‐activating mutations.
Genome‐wide meta‐analyses identify five new risk loci for nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Yu Yafen , Zhen Qi , Chen Weiwei , Yu Yanqin , Li Zhuo , Wang Yirui , Fan Wencheng , Luo Sihan , Wang Daiyue , Bai Yuanming , Bian Zhuan , He Miao , Sun Liangdan
Published: June 2023

Background

Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) are the most common craniofacial birth malformations in humans and are generally classified as nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO). Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) of NSOFCs have demonstrated multiple risk loci and candidate genes; however, published risk factors are able to explain only a small fraction of the observed NSOFCs heritability.

Methods

Here, we performed GWASs of 1615 NSCPO cases and 2340 controls, and then conducted genome‐wide meta‐analyses of NSOFCs, totaling 6812 NSCL/P cases, 2614 NSCPO cases, and 19,165 controls from the Chinese Han population.

Results

We identify 47 risk loci with genome‐wide pmeta‐value <5.0 × 10−8, 5 risk loci (1p32.1, 3p14.1, 3p14.3, 3p21.31, and 13q22.1) of which are new. All of the 47 susceptibility loci conjointly account for 44.12% of the NSOFCs’ heritability in the Chinese Han population.

Conclusion

Our results improve the comprehending of genetic susceptibility to NSOFCs and provide new views into the genetic etiology of craniofacial anomalies.
3D printed PCL/nHAp scaffolds: Influence of scaffold structural parameters on osteoblast performance in vitro
Authors: Yazdanpanah Zahra , Ketabat Farinaz , Gomez‐Picos Patsy , Raquin Alice , Fazel Anvari‐Yazdi Abbas , Eames B. Frank , Johnston James D. , Cooper David M. L. , Chen Xiongbiao
Published: June 2023

Scaffolds play a key role in bone tissue engineering (BTE) as they provide a mechanically and biologically supportive template to treat bone defects. Yet, the ideal scaffold structures are far from certain, leaving a lot to be discovered in terms of the scaffold structure–performance relationships. In this study, we investigated the influence of pore size and internal structure on osteoblast performance in vitro. Three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds were printed from polycaprolactone (PCL) reinforced with 30% (wt.) nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHAp), with two different internal structures (lattice and staggered) and four pore sizes (0.280, 0.380, 0.420, and 0.550 mm). Scaffolds were seeded with pre‐osteoblast cells (MC3T3‐E1). Metabolic activity of cells, osteoblast differentiation, and capability of osteoblasts to deposit mineralized matrix were examined in vitro. Staggered scaffolds better supported cellular performance. The pore size of 0.280 mm was more favorable to support cell proliferation while the pore size ≥0.420 mm was more effective to promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Findings revealed that osteoblast activities were affected differently by the pore size. Our study further suggests that the structure with a gradient pore size would be better than a single size in terms of supporting cell proliferation, differentiation, and secretion of a mineralized matrix.
Feasibility of a prospective physiotherapy model of care during the intense treatment phase of childhood cancer (FITChild): A mixed methods design
Authors: Dalla Santa Elizabeth , Barton Fiona , Downie Peter , De Graves Sharon , Nicklen Peter , Farlie Melanie K.
Published: June 2023

Background

Children diagnosed with cancer often develop significant physical treatment‐related side effects. This study evaluated the feasibility of a targeted, proactive, individualised physiotherapy intervention programme for children with a recent cancer diagnosis.

Procedure

This feasibility study was a single‐group mixed methods study, consisting of pre‐ and post‐intervention assessment, followed by a survey and interviews of parents. Participants were children and adolescents with a new cancer diagnosis. The physiotherapy model of care consisted of education, surveillance, standardised assessment, individually tailored exercise and a fitness tracker.

Results

All participants (n = 14) completed over 75% of the supervised exercise sessions. No safety or adverse events occurred. Over the 8‐week intervention period, an average of 7.5 supervised sessions were completed per participant. The overall experience provided by the physiotherapist service was rated as excellent by 86% (n = 12) and very good by 14% (n = 2) of parents. All parents surveyed (n = 14) rated the level of support provided by the physiotherapy service as excellent, and all participants completed the standardised assessments pre‐ and post‐exercise intervention. There was a significant improvement in 6MWD from 240 m (SD 193 m) compared to 355 m (SD 115 m) (p = .015), as well as improvements in the Physical Function domain (p = .013) and combined Psychosocial and Physical Function domains (p = .030).

Conclusions

A prospective structured and targeted physiotherapy model of care appears feasible for use with children and families in the acute phase of cancer treatment. The regular screening was acceptable and may have helped build a strong rapport between the physiotherapist and the families.
Pharmacokinetic assessment and phytochemical triterpene control from Cecropia angustifolia using plant biotechnology
Authors: Vasquez‐Delgado Juan S. , Vivas‐Moncayo Juan E. , Lopez‐Cortes Johanna V. , Combariza Marianny Y. , Montoya Guillermo
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Cecropia angustifolia Trécul. is a native Andean plant containing high levels of pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs), including several isobaric molecules that serve as chemical markers. Preclinical studies suggest that PTs positively modulate metabolic and vascular diseases. However, their low oral absorption reduces their bioactive effects.

Objective

The objective of this study was (1) to improve the absorption of PTs from C. angustifolia and (2) to establish a platform to produce biomass or botanical reference material using a strategy for their accumulation.

Methods

MALDI‐TOF and UPLC‐MS were used to characterize and quantify PTs in different matrices. An in vitro platform for PT production was established. Chemical profiles of triterpenes were also evaluated from wild and in vitro herbal material using TLC coupled with mass spectrometry.

Results

To overcome the low absorption of PTs, a premier raw material was used, which increased their bioavailability to 9.2%. Active ingredients in herbal material can vary, and there is an urgent need for standardized extracts using pharmacokinetics as an effective tool to reveal the dynamics of active ingredients in vivo. A temporary immersion system was produced as a promising platform with a total PT accumulation exceeding 50% of the content in the dry fraction, indicating it is a feasible mechanism to produce biomass or botanical reference material.

Conclusions

Plant tissue culture is a promising eco‐friendly technology for phytochemical production and a modern strategy to protect biodiversity in natural assets. Alternative and modern, yet environmentally friendly production methods are needed to meet the large demand for herbal products.
Effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics fabricated by direct fiber feeding injection molding
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Wu Mingsheng , Zheng Shuokun , Xie Yumeng , Jin Zhiming
Published: June 2023

Glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites (GF/PP) were fabricated in this study by direct fiber feeding injection molding technology (DFFIM) equipped with specially designed plasticizing units. By analyzing the fiber length distribution, scanning electron microscopy micrographs, and the mechanical properties of GF/PP composites, the effect of three process parameters, namely the number of fiber bundles, screw rotational speed, and injection pressure, on the properties of GF/PP composites fabricated by DFFIM were investigated. The results show that the mechanical properties of GF/PP composites gradually increase as the fiber content increases and the screw rotational speed decreases; however, when the fiber content exceeds a certain range, the enhancement effect of mechanical property is reduced due to the increase of fiber breakage and fiber aggregation. Appropriately increasing the injection pressure can increase the fiber length and make the fiber and PP more tightly bonded, and the mechanical properties of GF/PP composites gradually improve, but the fiber breakage phenomenon is more severe under excessive injection pressure, the mechanical property enhancement effect is reduced or even the mechanical property is decreased due to the decrease of the fiber length.
Characterization and charge transport properties of sodium ion conducting PEO:NaBr solid polymer electrolyte films
Authors: Hegde Shreedatta , Ravindrachary Vasachar , Sanjeev Ganesh , Ismayil
Published: June 2023

The study examines the effects of metal salt doping on polyethylene oxide (PEO) solid polymer electrolyte films. Sodium Bromide (NaBr) doped PEO films are prepared using a solution casting technique. The study finds that Na+ rom NaBr interacts with PEO's ether group (C–O–C) through complexation, as confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that NaBr reduces PEO's degree of crystallinity. The addition of NaBr improves PEO's thermal stability, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show smooth surface morphology of the polymer electrolyte films. The study also finds that the polymer electrolytes are non‐Debye in nature, based on dielectric studies. The highest ionic conductivity of 1.01 × 10−5 S/cm is observed for the 12.5 wt% NaBr doped PEO, with a low activation energy of 0.246 eV. Wagner's polarization technique is used to determine the charge carrier transport numbers, and the transient ionic current technique confirmed the presence of a single ionic species in the polymer electrolyte. Overall, the study suggests that 12.5 wt% NaBr doped PEO films have appropriate electrical properties for developing charge storage devices.
Waste material fly ash as an alternative filler for elastomers
Authors: Yangthong Hassarutai , Buaksuntear Kwanchai , Suethao Supitta , Chworos Arkadiusz , Smitthipong Wirasak
Published: June 2023

Fly ash (FA), a by‐product of the power generation industry, can potentially be used as a filler in polymer products. Particularly, FA has been investigated as an alternative filler to partially or fully replace commercial fillers in polymer composites. This mini‐review discusses the fundamental properties of FA, environmental pollution from commercial fillers, and the performance of FA in polymers. The properties of FA‐loaded polymer composites are discussed, including the morphological, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties. This review highlights the potential methods and challenges for substituting, or replacing, commercial fillers in various polymers such as natural rubber (NR), epoxidized NR, epoxy, styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR), NR/SBR blends, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyester.
Thermal properties of CL‐20/HMX‐Am‐GO composites
Authors: Guan Jian , Peng Huan , Song Yulan , Jin Bo , Peng Rufang
Published: June 2023

The thermal decomposition of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane CL‐20/HMX‐ammonium formate functionalized graphene oxide (Am‐GO) composites was studied using an isothermal decomposition dynamics research instrument to explore the effects of Am‐GO on the stability of CL‐20/HMX co‐crystal. The gas pressure‐time curve generated by thermal decomposition reaches the decomposition inflection point at a decomposition degree of 85 %. Compared with CL‐20/HMX co‐crystal, the decomposition extent corresponding to the inflection point of the thermal decomposition curve of the composites increases. The activation energies of the composites before and after the inflection point of the pressure‐time curve were 161.3 kJ/mol and 171.0 kJ/mol, respectively. The residual substances produced by the thermal decomposition of the composites were characterized by HPLC and FTIR. Results showed that CL‐20 and HMX were decomposed before the inflection point of the decomposition pressure‐time curve. However, the decomposition of CL‐20 was completed before the inflection point, whereas that of HMX ran through the thermal decomposition process. The calculation results of thermal decomposition kinetics show that the addition of coating material increases the activation energy of co‐crystal and stabilizes CL‐20/HMX co‐crystal.
Current management of suspected sepsis in primary care
Authors: Motta Marco , Wilcock Michael , Howe Will , Sheehan Ronan
Published: June 2023

Recognition and early treatment of sepsis are important to optimise patient outcomes, but this is an area that many general practices currently find challenging. Here, the authors discuss the findings of their short survey of GP practices in Cornwall to determine current approaches to the management of suspected sepsis in primary care and to identify areas for improvement.
Population growth: one less thing to bother us?
Authors: Head Steve
Published: June 2023

As a baby boomer and retired doctor, are the things that bothered Steve Head in his youth – nuclear war, pollution and population growth – the same as the things that bother him now?
Peptide‐Functionalized Prussian Blue Nanomaterial for Antioxidant Stress and NIR Photothermal Therapy against Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Song Xiaolei , Ding Qin , Wei Wei , Zhang Juan , Sun Rongli , Yin Lihong , Liu Songqin , Pu Yuepu
Published: June 2023

Excessive accumulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and amyloid‐β (Aβ) protein are closely associated with the complex pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, approaches that synergistically exert elimination of ROS and dissociation of Aβ fibrils are effective therapeutic strategies for correcting the AD microenvironment. Herein, a novel near infrared (NIR) responsive Prussian blue‐based nanomaterial (PBK NPs) is established with excellent antioxidant activity and photothermal effect. PBK NPs possess similar activities to multiple antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, which can eliminate massive ROS and relieve oxidative stress. Under the NIR irradiation, PBK NPs can generate local heat to disaggregate Aβ fibrils efficiently. By modifying CKLVFFAED peptide, PBK NPs display obvious targeting ability for blood–brain barrier penetration and Aβ binding. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrate that PBK NPs have outstanding ability to decompose Aβ plaques and alleviate neuroinflammation in AD mouse model. Overall, PBK NPs provide evident neuroprotection by reducing ROS levels and regulating Aβ deposition, and may accelerate the development of multifunctional nanomaterials for delaying the progression of AD.
Electrochemical Aging Protocol Governed Capacity Losses and Structure Degradations in Layered LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Oxides
Authors: Huang Qingrong , Zhang Xiaodong , Lv Xiaowei , Wang Xiaoqi , Wen Wen , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie , Li Li
Published: June 2023

The comparatively poor endurance of Ni‐rich cathode materials restricts their application in high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries. A thorough understanding of the degradation characteristics of such materials under complex electrochemical aging protocols is required to further improve their reliability. In this work, the irreversible capacity losses of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 under different electrochemical aging protocols are quantitatively evaluated via a well‐designed experiment. In addition, it is discovered that the origin of irreversible capacity losses is highly related to electrochemical cycling parameters and can be divided into two types. Type I is heterogeneous degradation caused by low C‐rate or high upper cut‐off voltage cycling and features abundant capacity loss during H2‐H3 phase transition. Such capacity loss is attributed to the irreversible surface phase transition that limits the accessible state of charge during the H2‐H3 phase transition stage via the pinning effect. Type II is fast charging/discharging induced homogeneous capacity loss that occurs consistently throughout the whole phase transition time. This degradation pathway shows a distinctive surface crystal structure, which is dominated by a bending layered structure rather than a typical rock‐salt phase structure. This work offers detailed insight into the failure mechanism of Ni‐rich cathodes and provides guidance on designing long‐cycle life, high‐reliability electrode materials.
Tailoring the Surface and Composition of Nanozymes for Enhanced Bacterial Binding and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Hou Jinjie , Xianyu Yunlei
Published: June 2023

With the advantages of diverse structures, tunable enzymatic activity, and high stability, nanozymes are widely used in medicine, chemistry, food, environment, and other fields. As an alternative to traditional antibiotics, nanozymes attract more and more attention from the scientific researchers in recent years. Developing nanozymes‐based antibacterial materials opens up a new avenue for the bacterial disinfection and sterilization. In this review, the classification of nanozymes and their antibacterial mechanisms are discussed. The surface and composition of nanozymes are critical for the antibacterial efficacy, which can be tailored to enhance both the bacterial binding and the antibacterial activity. On the one hand, the surface modification of nanozymes enables binding and targeting of bacteria that improves the antibacterial performance of nanozymes including the biochemical recognition, the surface charge, and the surface topography. On the other hand, the composition of nanozymes can be modulated to achieve enhanced antibacterial performance including the single nanozyme‐mediated synergistic and multiple nanozymes‐mediated cascade catalytic antibacterial applications. In addition, the current challenges and future prospects of tailoring nanozymes for antibacterial applications are discussed. This review can provide insights into the design of future nanozymes‐based materials for the antibacterial treatments.
Sol‐Gel Prepared Spinel HTLs for Assembling 20% Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cell in Air Without Using Anti‐Solvent and Toxic Solvent
Authors: Chiang Chien‐Hung , Chen Yen‐Lin , Wu Chun‐Guey
Published: June 2023

Low‐temperature sol‐gel prepared ZnCo2O4 spinel‐based thin films are developed as high‐performance hole transporting layer (HTL) for coating perovskite film (NA‐Psk) from the basic MAPbI3/ACN/CH3NH2 solution in air without using anti‐solvent. Inverted PSC based on 2 mole% (vs Zn) Cu2+ doped ZnCo2O4 (2%Cu@ZnCo2O4) HTL and NA‐Psk absorber exhibit the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.0% with no current hysteresis while the cell based on ZnCo2O4 and PEDOT:PSS HTL (using NA‐Psk absorber) achieves the PCE of 15.79% and 12.3% with a current hysteresis index of 9.8% and 32.4%, respectively. Without encapsulation, PSCs based on 2%Cu@ZnCo2O4, ZnCo2O4, and PEDOT:PSS HTLs maintain 90%, 77%, and 12%, respectively of the original efficiency by standing in ambient atmosphere (temperature: 20–25 °C, RH:30%–40%) for 1800 h. Large area (10 cm × 10 cm substrate) perovskite mini‐module (PSM) with PCE over 15% is also demonstrated by using sol‐gel prepared 2%Cu@ZnCo2O4 HTL. The poor photovoltaic performance of PEDOT:PSS HTL is due to the basic MAPbI3/ACN/CH3NH2 solution will deprotonate the acidic PEDOT:PSS to reduce its conductivity whereas ZnCo2O4 HTL are not affected by basic perovskite precursor solution.
The use of tailor‐made acidic deep eutectic solvents for preparation of quercetin‐enriched extracts from onion solid wastes
Authors: Bozinou Eleni , Palaiogiannis Dimitrios , Mourtzinos Ioannis , Chatzilazarou Arhontoula , Gkatzionis Costas , Makris Dimitris P.
Published: June 2023

The current examination dealt with the development of a methodology to produce quercetin, a multifunctional bio‐flavonoid, by designing task‐specific, highly acidic deep eutectic solvents, based on glycerol and natural organic acids. The purpose was to achieve a simultaneous hydrolysis of spiraeoside, the major quercetin glycoconjugate occurring in onion solid wastes, and quercetin extraction. After an initial performance screening, the combination of glycerol/oxalic acid was identified as the highest‐performing system, and further investigation showed that the most efficacious molar ratio was glycerol/oxalic acid 3:1. Further study of hydrolysis/extractions conditions suggested 30 min, at 130°C, to be the best operating conditions, giving the highest yield of 19.65 mg quercetin per grams of dry mass. The extract obtained under these conditions displayed significantly enhanced antiradical activity, compared to control extracts prepared with water or aqueous ethanol. On the other hand, results on the ferric‐reducing power were rather contradictory. It is proposed that such a methodology may be implemented to valorize onion solid wastes, for the production of extracts significantly enriched in quercetin, with increased antiradical properties.
Real‐world use of endoscopic and histological indices in ulcerative colitis: Results of a global survey
Authors: Nardone Olga Maria , Iacucci Marietta , Villanacci Vincenzo , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Ghosh Subrata , Danese Silvio , Parigi Tommaso Lorenzo
Published: June 2023

Background

Treatment targets of ulcerative colitis (UC) have evolved to include not only endoscopic but also histologic remission. However, the concept of histological activity is still in its early days. We aimed to capture the attitudes toward UC histology and the uptake of standardized reporting of endoscopy and histology of UC in daily practice.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of physicians involved in the care of inflammatory bowel disease worldwide. The survey included 21 questions divided into three sections. The first recorded demographics, specialty, and level of experience of participants; the second covered clinical practices and attitudes toward the use and reporting of endoscopy; and the third covered histology.

Results

In total, 359 participants from 60 countries and all levels of experience completed the survey. UC histology was used by nearly all respondents (90.5%) for initial diagnosis, by 72% to monitor disease course, by 62.4% to determine the microscopic extension, by 59.9% to confirm deep remission when considering to stop treatment, and 42.3% to increase/optimize treatment. Nevertheless 77.2% of participants reported that no standard histological index was available in their daily practice. Instead, endoscopy reports included the Mayo Endoscopic score in 90% of cases. The majority of respondents welcomed as useful or very useful an artificial intelligence system to automate scoring of endoscopy (69%) or histology (73%).

Conclusion

UC histology reports are less standard than endoscopy reports, although most physicians consider histological activity useful when managing UC and would welcome artificial intelligence systems to automate endoscopic and histological scoring.
Network medicine for patients' stratification: From single‐layer to multi‐omics
Authors: Petti Manuela , Farina Lorenzo
Published: June 2023

Precision medicine research increasingly relies on the integrated analysis of multiple types of omics. In the era of big data, the large availability of different health‐related information represents a great, but at the same time untapped, chance with a potentially fundamental role in the prevention, diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Computational methods are needed to combine this data to create a comprehensive view of a given disease. Network science can model biomedical data in terms of relationships among molecular players of different nature and has been successfully proposed as a new paradigm for studying human diseases. Patient stratification is an open challenge aimed at identifying subtypes with different disease manifestations, severity, and expected survival time. Several stratification approaches based on high‐throughput gene expression measurements have been successfully applied. However, few attempts have been proposed to exploit the integration of various genotypic and phenotypic data to discover novel sub‐types or improve the detection of known groupings.

This article is categorized under:

Cancer > Biomedical Engineering

Cancer > Computational Models

Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics