bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening Indonesian Farmers’ Resilience Capacity of Disasters and Climate Change Through Development of Decision Support System: Challenges Lie Ahead
Authors: Utomo M , Pieter L
Published: January 2022

Farmers are the vanguard of national food providers. However, they still have not yet received much serious attention and assistance. This condition is exacerbated by unpredictable climate change. Therefore, it is crucial to have an analytics tool to assist farmers in resolving production problems with some variables such as soil condition, season, and plant species. Decision support system (DSS) in agriculture helps farmers in making decisions based on previous research results. However, DSS in some countries are available, but not widely used by the farmers. This study aims to analyze the possibility of developing DSS to increase the resilience capacity of farmers in Indonesia. The method used in this research was a literature study and descriptive analysis. The results showed that there is still a long way to go in achieving the robust DSS, referring to the quality of research results so far. To elaborate on this, it is necessary to make a research roadmap in this field by understanding the current research status. Moreover, DSS will be a form of contribution from researchers in providing reliable and updated public information packages for a better agricultural management.
Study of the configuration of multi-source energy harvesting systems based on piezoelectric nanogenerator as a clean energy harvester
Authors: Saparullah  , Mufti N , Adinegoro P , Wisodo H
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the connection configuration of a multi-source piezoelectric transducer to extract energy from ambient mechanical forces to power up electronic devices. The configurations are optimized by applying a full-bridge rectifier (FBR) as an interface circuit to complete alternating to direct current (AC-DC) transformation before powering up any electronic devices. The FBR is varied in Silicon (Si-FBR) and Schottky (So-FBR) diodes to compare which one is more efficient. Six pieces of 35 mm piezoelectric transducer, PT, are connected in parallel and series connection then pressed under 20 N periodic force. The study shows that the configuration types of the multi-source PT have different results in harvesting mechanical energy. Experimental results show the maximum power can be harvested from six PTs in series for one and six Si-FBRs are 440 and 500 µW, respectively and for So-FBR obtained 150 and 730 µW. In a parallel configuration, maximum power can be harvested from six PTs for one and six Si-FBRs are 440 and 1050 µW, respectively and for So-FBR obtained 780 and 902 µW.
Land use sustainability to mitigate potential land slide in Ciletuh watershed, Sukabumi, Indonesia
Authors: Wahidah A N , Martono D N , Supriatna
Published: January 2022

The widespread use of agricultural land and the built-up areas will decrease the land carrying capacity, which means that the area will be more vulnerable to natural disasters. Furthermore, the local community has used the Ciletuh area for agriculture, plantations, and forestry to fulfil the food needs in southern Sukabumi then developing some tourism areas. This study aims to analyse the effects of land management on the ecosystem and develop strategies of land management based on the ecosystem for communities affected by disasters. The analysis was conducted by interviewing community representatives in the upstream, middle, or downstream of the watershed, then elaborated by expert judgment through the Analysis Hierarchy Process method on seven expert respondents. The result shows that potential landslides in December and January due to the highest precipitation occur in both months. Most deforestation occurs in the long term due to the cultivation need for food crops, and increasing more landslide potential. It concludes that both communities and experts consider the community social capacity for spatial arrangement and land use, especially the intensification of land use, could be an alternative to land use sustainability to mitigate potential landslides in the Ciletuh watershed.
The Atmospheric Concentration of Common Greenhouse Gases in the Pulpwood Plantation in Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Novriyanti E , Watanabe M , Koike T
Published: January 2022

Pulp and paper wood plantations are one of the substantial forestry estates in Indonesia that are usually integrated with a pulp and paper mill industry. The atmospheric condition of glasshouse gases that keep increasing primarily due to anthropogenic activities represent critical issues on human health and affect forest productivity. Therefore this study measured the atmospheric concentration of common glasshouse gases in the pulpwood plantation integrated with a pulp mill in Riau Province. Overly high concentration of some glasshouse gases in the atmosphere may cause issues and at an extreme level, may lead to the occurrence of acid rain that could affect forest health and productivity. This study employed the Ogawa Passive Sampler Method to determine the air concentration of common glasshouse gases, i.e., [SOx], [NOx], [NO2], and [O3] in different rotations and stand ages of Acacia crassicarpa and Eucalyptus pellita stands. The results showed that species, rotation age, and stand age affect the concentration of gaseous N in the plantations. The concentrations of [NOx] and [NO2] gases were higher in the old rotation than in the young rotation of A. crassicarpa stands. Those concentrations were also relatively higher in peat soil sites than in non-peat soil sites.
Greenhouse gas emissions and rice yield from different rice varieties using Gora Systems and Walik Jerami Systems in Rainfed Lands
Authors: Yulianingsih E , Kartikawati R , Yulianingrum H
Published: January 2022

The rapid development has resulted in the shrinkage of relatively fertile irrigated price fields. To increase the yields, various rice varieties are recommended but their GHG emissions remain largely unknown if planted in two different system (e.g.gogorancah and walikjerami).This study aims to determine GHG emissions and rice yields from various varieties in rainfed lowland areas. The research was conducted at experimental station of Indonesian Agricultural Environmental Research Institute, PatiCentral Javaduring the 2015/2016 high season. Eight high yielding rice varieties (Ciherang, Mekongga, Inpari 18, IPB 3S, Inpari 13, Inpari 31, Inpari 32 and Inpari 33) were planted in boxes measuring 1 m2 on a 5 x 6 m2 plot. The experiment was designed in a randomized block design with three replications. CH4 and N2O samples were taken using manual GHG gauges. The results showed that the CH4 emissions released from the eight varieties were significantly different at the level of P <0.05. The highest CH4 emission in the gora system was in the IPB 3S variety of 532.89 kg CH4/ha/season while the highest CH4 emission in the wajer system was shown by the Inpari 32 variety of 482.35 kg CH4/ha/season. The highest N2O emission in the gora system was in the Ciherang variety of 0.75 kg N2O/ha/season, while the highest N2O emission in the wajer system was shown by the Inpari 32 variety of 0.57 kg N2O/ha/season. The highest average rice yield was shown by the Inpari 32 variety which was 7.78 t/ha higher in the gora system than the wajer system.
Alternate wetting and drying combined farmyard manure for reducing greenhouse gas while improving rice yield
Authors: Pramono A , Adriany T A , Susilawati H L , Jumari  , Yunianti I F
Published: January 2022

Water and organic amendments are the most important factors controlling methane (CH ) emissions from paddy fields. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in rice cultivation improve water productivity (WP), minimize methane emission, but might increase nitrous oxide emissions (N O). The effects of combined water management and organic manure application on methane and nitrous oxide emission, rice yield are not well documented. The objective of this experiment was to determine rice cultivation technology that can improve productivity and reduce GHG emissions on rice field. The Inpari 32 rice cultivar was used in this study. Closed chamber methods were used for measuring emissions of greenhouse gases. Our results showed that, in comparison with continuous flooding, the AWD significantly reduced total global warming potential (GWP) by 13–17%. The AWD technique increased grain yields by 6-7% compared with those of CF. The AWD technique reduced CH (14–18%) and increased water productivity by 7–12% compared to CF system, along an 18–23% reduction in GHG intensity (GHGI). In conclusion, AWD technique and soil amendment with farmyard manure could be effectively used in greenhouse gas mitigation strategies for reducing GHG emission, GWP, and GHGI without sacrificing rice yield.
Investigating Climate Change Risk of “ Oil and Gas” City: Case of Dumai City, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat F , Thomiyah I
Published: January 2022

Based on Climate Resilient Development Policies on 2020-2045, there are four priority sectors threatened by climate change, namely marine and coastal, water, agriculture, and health. Indonesia still depends on oil and gas energy that will threats to infrastructures that support the sustainability of production that can have an impact on people’s lifelines. This study investigates the risk distribution shift of climate change impacts in Dumai, which generally have oil refineries and ports. Risk is calculated by using hazard and vulnerability components. A uniform weighting approach is used to calculate each indicator indices. Using the RCP 8.5 hazard scenario with threats in the form of sea-level rise, moderate flooding, and high-end results in the projection year, this research results in significant differences in affected areas and at risk. The main factors affect the increasing of element at risk are the inundation and the spatial changes. An increase in the risk area means there will be an increase in losses. Moreover, disasters in oil and gas cities have the possibility of collateral hazards and even disruption of the national energy system. The government must take several adaptation steps such as adding eco-buffer zones, walls around refineries, and periodic monitoring of critical infrastructure.
Qualitative data envelopment assessment of different alumina refinery plants: the case of bauxite mining in West Kalimantan Province
Authors: Hendrik  , Fauzi A , Widiatmaka  , Suryaningtyas D T , Firdiyono F
Published: January 2022

West Kalimantan is a bauxite-rich province with the world’s sixth-largest bauxite reserve. However, Indonesia experienced a bauxite, alumina, and aluminum import vs. export deficit (2018-2020), with imports exceeding exports in value. Based on the calculation of qualitative data envelopment analysis, this case study provides a solution through benchmarking assessment to measure the relative performance of bauxite resource utilization for 12 alumina plants (DEA). This technique utilizes each provincial district’s alumina production plan data to characterize its production technology, which provides a better analysis of how the status of the refinery development plan provides efficiency of alumina refinery plant development according to bauxite allocation across several districts. To determine the benchmarking site, the qualitative DEA method compares the performance analysis of the Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (CCR) model for constant return to scale (CRS) and the Banker, Charnes, and Cooper (BCC) model for variable returns to scale (VRS). According to the findings of the scenario I, Kapuas, Kendawangan, and Tayan Hilir are efficient sites. Sungai Kunyit and Cempage Hulu are also benchmarking units in Scenario II. This study aided in the development of a sustainability assessment for the implementation of an alumina refinery development plan across districts in West Kalimantan province.
Species composition and vegetation structure of lowland forest in Rambut Island Wildlife Reserve, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Nugraha B H , Kusmana C
Published: January 2022

Lowland forest needs to be studied for its structure and composition because it has high biodiversity. Vegetation analysis aims to determine the species composition and structures of lowland forest vegetation in Rambut Island Wildlife Reserve. Vegetation analysis was carried out by the stripes and plotted lines with an observed area of 20,000 m2 with several ten lines of observation with an area of 20x100 m. The vegetation data obtained were processed to obtain the Importance Value Index (IVI), the Plant Species Diversity Index, the Species Dominance Index, the Species Richness Index and the Species Evenness Index. Retrieval of abiotic data such as light intensity, altitude, slope, wet and dry temperature, relative humidity, soil pH, soil cation exchange capacity, and soil texture. There are 15 types of plant species in the research location. Kedoya dominates at the tree level, mengkudu dominates at the pole level, kingkit dominates at the sapling level, and kedoya dominates at the seedling level. The highest density value is found at the seedling growth rate of 900 500 individuals ha-1 resulting in an inverted “J” curve in both vertical and horizontal structures.
SEBAL Model to Estimate Biophysics and Energy Flux Variable : Availability of Evapotranspiration Distribution Using Remote Sensing in Lore Lindu National Park
Authors: Munawir A , June T , Kusmana C , Setiawan Y
Published: January 2022

Lore Lindu National Park or Taman Nasional Lore Lindu (TNLL) is a natural resource conservation area with various potentials of endemic flora and fauna diversity. This study aimed to estimate the value and spatial distribution of biophysical factors, energy flux, and evapotranspiration. This method used the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model and performs the pessimistic, moderate, and optimistic scenarios. The number of measured parameters includes biophysical variables and energy flux variables. The results showed that the average value of evapotranspiration in forest areas was higher than open land or other land uses. The evapotranspiration values in the three images varied between 0.07 - 0.20 mm/hour. The dry month evapotranspiration in 2002 was 17%-32% higher than the dry months in 2013 and 2018. The build on the energy flux and evapotranspiration models results into the value of energy flux and evapotranspiration explanation in TNLL. The results can be controlled with efforts of increasing reforestation of forest land cover by 10%, controlling population growth by 1% per year, and increasing public awareness by 10%. This situation concludes that uncontrolled changes in forest land function and population growth in TNLL have an effect on changes in energy flux and evapotranspiration.
Telenomus
r
emus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Biology and Life Table on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs
Authors: Oktaviani  , Maryana Nina , Pudjianto
Published: January 2022

Telenomus
remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), is an endoparasitoid on eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). T. remus information as a natural enemy of S. frugiperda is limited. The research objective was to determine some biological aspects of T. remus, i.e., longevity, fecundity, and life table variables. The demographic statistics used the jackknife method. The parasitoids were obtained from the eggs of S. frugiperda from a maize plantation in the field. The released parasitoids were identified in the laboratory. Parasitoid identified as T. remus used to biological observations, life tables, sex ratios, and parasitization rate. The immature stage of T. remus reached 8.13 days, the longevity of the male was 10.07 days, while a female was 10.29 days with a fecundity of 75 eggs, and a sex ratio of male and female was 1:2.03. The life table parameters of T. remus, i.e., gross reproduction rate (GRR) was 74.987 individuals/generation, net reproduction rate (R0) was 67.485 females/female/generation, with generation period (T) was 8.541 days, and intrinsic growth rate (r) was 0.493 females/female/day. The Parasitization rate of T. remus reaches 91%. This research showed that T. remus has the potential natural enemy to control S. frugiperda.
Study of Remaining Service Life of a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill with the Composting Method: A Case Study in Klaten Regency
Authors: Ratnawati B , Yani M , Suprihatin  , Hardjomijojo H
Published: January 2022

At Troketon’s Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF), waste management adopts the controlled landfill method. The solid waste that enters the MSWLF of Troketon is increasing every day. Without processing, the incoming waste is directly dumped into a landfill. It causes the landfill capacity in the active zone to decrease so that the landfill’s service life decreases faster. This study aimed to calculate the capacity of the used landfill to determine the useful life of the landfill. It also aimed to compare the service life of MSWLF with the processing and composting process. This research took place from January 2019 to May 2021. This research conducted interview techniques, and literature studies. Estimating the waste generation rate projections were based on data in 2020 by using an excel program to calculate waste reduction and its service life. The average rate of the waste generation entering MSWLF of Troketon was 0.07% per year with 48% biodegradable waste composition. The results revealed that these operating landfill zones could extend their service life by composting process. MSWLF with the composting process saves capacity by 136.99 m3/day and 712 days’ longer service life than without composting.
Estimation of Mangrove Canopy Cover Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in Indramayu Regency, West Java
Authors: Zahra N F , Setiawan Y , Prasetyo L B
Published: January 2022

Mangrove forests are an essential natural resource in coastal environments and have three main functions: physical, biological, and economic. Indramayu regency is one of the areas on the north coast of Java with a coastline length of 147 km. The decrease of mangrove canopy in Indramayu regency cannot be separated from the land clearing for a fish pond. Therefore, monitoring activity is important to see the mangroves sustainability management. An alternative way to monitor mangrove conditions is using an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to overcome the budget constraint and difficulties of doing field surveys. The study aims to estimate the mangrove canopy cover based on the NDVI derived from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The research was conducted in Indramayu in March 2021. Data collection was conducted using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with multispectral sensors. The study shows that the best canopy cover estimator model is exponential regression with the equation of CC = 0.1535e1.9458NDVI and R2 = 0.636. The model can be used for monitoring mangroves periodically. Accurate monitoring data will be very useful in preparing policies and management strategies to maintain and improve the functions and services of the mangrove ecosystem.
Distillation Delayed Time on The Characteristics of Lemon Peel Oil and Activity against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rienoviar  , Irawadi T , Setyaningsih D , Ismayana A
Published: January 2022

Delay time effect (curing) in lemon peel essential oil extraction often occurs in factories when the number of distillers does not match the amount of available lemon peel. This delay time can reduce the quantity and the lemon peel oil quality due to degradation. This study aimed to determine the delay time period before distillation process that affected changes in the lemon peel oil aromatic compound quantity and quality based on the yield, limonene percentage, and the inhibitory effect of lemon peel oil on Staphylococcus aureus bacterial growth. The distillation method used the cohobation distillation technique with a delay time of 1, 3, 5, and 7 hours. Distillation process was carried out by steaming and boiling. The results showed that steam cohobation method was better than boiled cohobation method based on yield and limonene percentage. The 1-hour delay time in steam cohobation method was significantly different from other delay times in boiled cohobation method. Steam cohobation method produced 79.95% limonene. S. aureus antibacterial test at 100% oil concentration had the strongest antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the 1-hour delay time using the steam cohobation method obtained the highest yield of 0.325% and inhibition level of S. aureus at 21.375 mm.
Potential of Modified Flour Derived from The Bamboo Shoot and Swamp Tuber Origin from South Kalimantan as Environmentally Friendly Food
Authors: Setiawati E , Hamdi S , Hidayati S , Amaliyah D M , Miyono  , Salim R , Cahyana B T
Published: January 2022

To reduce dependence on wheat flour, it is necessary to find substitutes for flour from local food. As local food, bamboo shoots (betung) and swamp tubers (alabio and nagara) have the potential to be processed into flour even though they have relatively low characteristics. To improve the flour characteristics, it can be made by modifying the flour biologically. The purpose of this study was to investigate modified fibre-rich flour derived from bamboo shoot and swamp tuber through fermentation and to formulate the flours as functional food. This modification was preferred because it did not need chemical agents that may be harmful for environmental. The modified flour was prepared by both spontaneously and non-spontaneously fermentation, using mocaf starter. Alabio tuber (Dioscorea alata L.), nagara tuber (Ipomoea batatas L.), bamboo shoots betung (Dendrocalamus asper) were fermented for 24, 48, and 72 hours. After fermentation, the modified flours were formulated based on a certain combination to meet the nutritional adequacy rate. The best results of alabio, nagara and betung flour were 72 hours spontaneous fermentation, 48 hours spontaneous fermentation, and 72 hours starter fermentation, respectively. The best-modified flour formulation was obtained in the combination of nagara tuber flour: bamboo shoots in 90:10.
Extraction of Black Pepper Non-Volatile Components as an Industrial Material
Authors: Gafar Patoni A
Published: January 2022

Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a commodity that is quite important in Indonesia, both in terms of agribusiness and agro-industry aspects. From the aspect of agribusiness or cultivation, pepper can be seen as a potential plantation farming business as a plant industry because of its high productivity and selling value. [1] stated that pepper (can be cultivated, because it is one of the plantation commodities that has a high selling value and wide use. Plantation business is a combination of human components and physical and non-physical components [2]. This business is ecologically a system whose success is determined by the components mentioned above as subsystems, where these components influence each other and complement each other in the process of fulfilling the needs of human life. One of the innovations made by pepper farmers is in the form of environmentally friendly pepper cultivation. From the agro-industry aspect, pepper is a commodity that can be used as a variety of industrial materials from upstream to downstream, from the industrial extraction process to its use as raw material for finished products. The extraction result is in the form of oleoresin which is used as a flavor in the food industry as well as a raw material for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The by-products of the pepper processing process are made in the form of fertilizer and activated carbon.
Litter layer and earthworms as an indicator of coffee production in the coffee and pine based agroforestry system
Authors: Suprayogo D , Hakim A L , Fadillah B R , Prajnaparamita I K , Kusumawati I A , Prayogo C , Rowe R L , McNamara N P
Published: January 2022

Critical support for successful coffee-based agroforestry production is the amount of litter input and the activity of macro-organisms. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the amount of litter on the soil surface, the population of earthworms, and the growth and production of coffee. The research was conducted between June 2019 and March 2020 at the Universitas Brawijaya Forest, East Java, Indonesia. For the coffee plants, a proportional random sampling method was used to capture the range of plant sizes within the study location. The range of diameters at breast height (DBH) recorded were divided into ten decils and four replicates within each decil. For each plant, DBH was transformed into tree biomass and fresh coffee bean weight was also measured. Litter weight and depth were measured using a 50 x 50 cm quadrat frame. A sampling of earthworms used the TSBF monolith method. There was a positive relationship between litter thickness, litter weight, the number of earthworms, and earthworm biomass against the dry weight coffee bean, while the four variables have no significant relationship with coffee tree biomass. We concluded that litter layer and earthworm biomass can be used as a simple indicator of coffee production.
Adsorption of Pb2+ on a layered alkali titanate from water
Authors: Sruamsiri D A , Ogawa M
Published: January 2022

A layered alkali titanate (Cs2Ti5O11) was used to concentrate Pb2+ from water. The reaction of the layered alkali titanate with an aqueous solution of lead acetate trihydrate was investigated to find an efficient collection of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions at room temperature. The adsorption isotherm was H-type, indicating a strong interaction between the titanate and Pb2+. The maximum adsorbed Pb2+ amount was 1.27 mmol Pb/g Cs2Ti5O11, which corresponded to 86% of the cation exchange capacity (2.94 meq/g) of Cs2Ti5O11. The adsorption isotherm was fitted with the Langmuir equation with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9997), suggesting that a high affinity between the titanate surface and Pb2+.
Adsorption of a Spiropyran on a Layered Clay Mineral
Authors: Leelaphattharaphan N N , Deepracha S B , Yamaguchi T , Ogawa M
Published: January 2022

Adsorption of a photochromic dye, spiropyran, on a layered clay mineral, a synthetic hectorite, was investigated. Spiropyrans are well-known photochromic molecules due to its fast and reproducible color change resulting from the photoisomerization between hydrophobic closed-ring spiropyran and hydrophilic open-ring merocyanine. The photochemical reaction of the adsorbed spiropyran in the modified hectorite was also examined.
Discriminating the Severity of Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Plantation Using Sentinel-2
Authors: Handrian R D , Trisasongko B H , Panuju D R
Published: January 2022

Oil palm remains the most prominent plantation sector in Indonesia. Monitoring large scale plantations require specificity in datasets and approaches. Observing the extent of plantations has long been conducted using remotely-sensed data. With the complex issues in oil palm plantations, focus has also been made in investigating the utility of earth-observing satellites to estimate foliar nutrients and to identify the impact of plant diseases. The latter has been one of emerging research interests, especially the basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense. In this research, we proposed a freely-available, multispectral data of Sentinel-2 taking the advantage of frequent observation period. Preliminary discrimination of BSR impacts was examined by using a popular machine learning approach, i.e. random forests. Ground data as the reference were collected in Cikasungka plantation, Bogor, Indonesia. Using a tuned random forest model, we obtained overall accuracy about 82% with five distinctive targets, i.e. four severity levels and the normal trees. This research suggests that tuned random forest model could be invaluable for constructing a proper machine learning model that adaptive to data feeds.
The Analysis of Plywood Industrial Wastewater Treatment in South Kalimantan
Authors: Soedarmanto H , Setiawati E
Published: January 2022

Plywood industrial wastewater can cause heavy pollution to the environment. The wastewater treatment system will be determined by the parameters of the liquid waste produced. This study was aimed to reduce the wastewater contamination level in the plywood industry. The method consisted of sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation, aeration, sand filtration, activated carbon adsorption, and ion exchange. The wastewater was pumped into the reservoir and conditioned to a pH of 6 – 7 and allowed to stand for 2 (two) hours for sedimentation. The blower with a speed of 50 rpm was turned for aeration. Then the wastewater was sand filtrated and absorbed by activated carbon. The wastewater flowed into the anion-cation resin tank for ion exchange. The treated effluent filtrate was analyzed for Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Phenol, and total ammonia (NH3). The results showed that the decrease of BOD5; COD; TSS; phenol; and NH3 was from 1,426 ppm to 30,5 ppm (97.9%); 2,545.7 to 34.7 ppm (98.6%); 865 ppm to 9.65 ppm (98.9%); 56.98 ppm to 1.45 ppm (97.5%); and 1,652 ppm to 4.56 ppm (99.7%).
Scenario Development of Implementing Cleaner Production on Pepper Agroindustry
Authors: Wulandari S
Published: January 2022

Smallholder plantations dominate pepper development in Indonesia. In global trade, Indonesia has experienced pepper product detention due to the contamination of microorganisms. It is related to traditional agro-industrial activities that must be improved in quality assurance, hygiene, and food safety. The application of cleaner production is one strategy to overcome this condition. This study aims to analyze the application of a cleaner production approach in the pepper agroindustry. The analysis was performed using Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM). Cleaner production in the pepper agroindustry is implemented by improving traditional processing systems and mechanical processing applications. The objectives are to increase productivity, process efficiency, and product quality. Both strategies can still be implemented based on conditions in the field. Strategies for improving traditional pepper processing include developing knowledge transfer, enhancing farmer skills, and processing infrastructure and technology provision. The application of machines’ processing requires availability and accessibility of technology and support from farmer organizations, financing institutions, and extension programs. The strategy of mechanical processing application begins with strengthening farmer institutions, improving access to finance and financial facilitating by the government, and building stakeholder engagement.
Increased Effectiveness of Conservation the Coastal Environment through Cleaner Production and Work Motivation of Fish Processors
Authors: Sipahutar Y H , Rahmayanti H , Achmad R , Sitorus R
Published: January 2022

The coastal area has developed into a center for the fish processing industry, which has an impact on environmental problems in the form of liquid waste and odors. To overcome these environmental problems and carry out cleaner production such as processing and implementing environmental sanitation, work motivation is needed. Because of this, research was conducted to determine the increase in the effectiveness of preserving the coastal environment through cleaner production and work motivation in salted fish processors in the Tangerang Regency. A quantitative study was conducted on 96 respondents drawn from 2.298 salted fish processors populations. To get the correlation between cleaner production and work motivation on the effectiveness of preserving the coastal environment, the path analysis method was used, which resulted in an increase of 52.7% of cleaner production and work motivation, while the remaining 47.3% resulted from other variables. The conclusion obtained from this research shows that the increase in the effectiveness of coastal environmental conservation can be done by increasing the work motivation of salted fish processors to carry out cleaner production in fish processing.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Soybean Production and Price Efficiency in Banten Province
Authors: Siagian V , Siregar H , Fariyanti A , Nainggolan K
Published: January 2022

The soybean harvested area in Banten Province in 2018 was 23,594 ha with a production of 18,093.6 tons with productivity 0.77 ton/ha, xx. The main center for soybean plants is in Pandeglang Regency with an area of 18,925 ha and production of 14,115 tons. The objectives of this study are: 1) analyzing the performance of soybean farming, 2) analyzing the factors that influence soybean production and, 3) analyzing the level of prices efficiency/allocative of soybean production. The sampling method used purposive random sampling. Data analysis used descriptive tabulation and Cobb Douglas production function. The results of this study were: 1) The cultivated varieties were Anjasmoro (51.7%), Grobogan (44.8%), and Detap (3.5%). Soybean farming income is IDR. 4.038 million/planting season with a B/C ratio of 2.2. 2) Factors that significantly influence soybean production are the amount of use of NPK fertilizer, other fertilizers, liquid pesticides, hired human labor, and the area of cultivated land. 3) It was shown that none of the production factors is inefficient in price (NPMx/Px ≠1). The average value of Price Efficiency is 17.826, which means that the use of production factors is not efficient, it needs to be increased in use.
Implementation Effectiveness of Mercury Elimination Policies in Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining
Authors: Sapulete M R , Effendi H , Riani E , Machfud
Published: January 2022

This study evaluated the implementation effectiveness of mercury elimination policies in the Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) at Bolaang Mongondow District. A qualitative method used as an explanatory design through interviews and questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using the Regulatory Gap Analysis method. Based on the data obtained, only 33% of respondents (community representatives) were aware of the mercury elimination policy. 75% of respondents (relevant agencies) have been aware of UU No. 11/2017 about the ratification of the Minamata Convention and the national action plan of the mercury elimination in gold processing in 2014-2018 ESDM (RAN-PPM PE 2014-2018 ESDM). 63% of respondents were aware of PP No. 21/2019 about the national action plan for reduction and elimination of mercury (PP 21/2019 RAN-PPM), and only 50% of respondents who were aware of PMK No. 57/2016 about the national action plan for controlling health impacts due to mercury exposure in 2016-2020 (PMK 57/2016 RAN-PDKAM). The average gap value based on the evaluation result of each policy was: -0.4 in RAN-PPM PE 2014-2018 ESDM, -0.24 in PP 21/2019 RAN-PPM, and -0.21 in PMK 57/2016 RAN-PDKAM. Therefore, the implementation of these policies is unsuccessful in overcoming mercury usage in the ASGM.
Multi-purpose riparian forest design for conservation and reduction of non-point source pollution in the Lake Toba catchment
Authors: Putra P B , Yuliantoro D , Pramono I B , Adi R N , Sukmana A
Published: January 2022

The riparian forest as a filtering zone is the strategy to reduce non-point source pollution and increase forest cover around the catchment area. The aim was to establish a riparian forest design that is effective for the conservation and reduction of non-point source pollution which also giving beneficial socio-economic for the people. The method used were a literature study as basic reference and vegetation field surveys. The vegetation survey was carried out using nested plots at the river riparian area in the Lake Toba catchment. The vegetation seedling and saplings stand level samples were collected, and that biomass were analysed to determine N and P content. Each potential absorbing of N and P species was grouped based on its habitat. A total of 24 plant species were selected to develop a multi-purpose riparian forest design in the Lake Toba catchment. The design of the multi-purpose riparian model recommended the plantation for dry areas, semi dry areas, and wet areas. Plantation in the dry area consisted of multi-purpose tree species, in temporary dry areas can be planted ornamental perennial herbs, and wet areas comprised of species absorbing water pollutants.
Increasing Herpetofauna Data Through Citizen Science in Indonesia
Authors: Maharani Nindya , Kusrini Mirza D , Hamidy Amir
Published: January 2022

Citizen science has become increasingly popular to collect data on biodiversity as it can cover a large area and is cost-effective. However, gaps in biodiversity data are common especially related to data of herpetofauna, which is not received much attention. Project Amfibi Reptil Kita (ARK) is one of the programs created to collect data on the distribution of the herpetofauna in Indonesia. This research aims to analyse the contribution of citizen science through project ARK in increasing data of herpetofauna in Indonesia for the last four years. Most of the data in ARK (56.3%) were obtained during herpblitz, however, the percentage (43.86%) tend to increase in 2020. In total 433 species were reported consisting of 152 species of amphibian and 281 reptiles. Most of the data (70%) reported were from Java region. The lowest recorded data come from Papua and Maluku region. The most frequently reported amphibian species was Duttaphrynus melanostictus and the reptile species was Bronchocela jubata. A total of 416 member-contributed data in ARK project. The result of ARK has been used to describe new species and model spatial distribution. It shows, ARK has been important in documenting the diversity of herpetofauna in Indonesia.
Agricultural Innovation System Development to Support Environmental Management Implementation in Coffee Smallholder Plantation
Authors: Wulandari S , Djufry F , Hartati R S
Published: January 2022

Climate change significantly impacts coffee production and quality. On the other side, the coffee plantation is dominated by smallholder plantations with limited capabilities. Farmers have implemented Climate-Smart Agriculture by improving the cultivation system. However, the level of technology adoption at the farmer level is not optimal due to the capacity and resources of farmers and the technology dissemination support system. This study aims to analyze the environmental management implementation in coffee smallholder plantations and design an Agricultural Innovation System to accelerate its implementation. The study was carried out in the Robusta coffee development area in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Environmental management in coffee smallholder plantations is related to water management, soil management, and integrated pest diseases management. The application of CSA practices is limited to a few farmers. Smallholder plantations have limited resources, weak risk management, limited access to finance and technology. Farmer organizations, networks, and social capital management have not been developed optimally. Hence the Agricultural Innovation System for supporting environmental management implementation on coffee plantations becomes strategic. The system consists of research and education, agribusiness, bridging system, and innovation ecosystem as a supporting environment.
Environmental Management System Toward Sustainable Development Goals Achievement Base on Community Empowerment in Peri-Urban
Authors: Sumardjo  , Firmansyah A , Dharmawan L , Kriswatriyono A , Wulandari YP
Published: January 2022

Environmental problems in peri-urban communities in the North Coast of Java region are particularly closely related to flooding, waste, and disease prevalence. Regulations in the form of laws, government regualtions, ministerial regulation, and local regualtion have been issued relating to the handling of residential environmental problems. These regulations show how important this environmental problem is, especially in urban areas. The objectives of this study is to analyze the community-based waste management program with a systems approach. The methods used are participatory rural community appraisal (PRCA) and participatory action research (PAR) in peri-urban communities in Bekasi Regency. Field researchers were placed and lived during research at the study site. The results show that a community-based environmental management system, apart from helping overcome environmental problems, can be an effort to strengthen the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). An essential factor in the environmental management system is a participatory approach to community empowerment. The community-based environmental management system model produced in the empowerment process has the potential to become an alternative model for environmental management in densely populated cities facing the threat of floods and other environmental problems and the achievement of SDGs.
Community Contribution to Ecosystem Restoration in Giri Mulyo Village as a Role Model of Kerinci Seblat National Park, Jambi-Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Hariyadi A R S , Puroso P , Ismail T , Nurhamidi  , Mirza E , Kaemal  , Indrawan
Published: January 2022

Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP) experienced deforestation due to agriculture and plantation activities conducted by people residing around the national park. A role model concept was taken to address this problem, and to restore the forest by involving local communities in Giri Mulyo Village. The objective is to assess a model for ecological restoration and socio-economic support. Indicators include livelihood replacement, and tree species consisting endemic and multi-purpose (MPTS) biodiversity measured using biodiversity indices. Analysis of the species composition in the restored area shows Margalef species richness in the low category (0.88) but the Shannon diversity index (H’=1.72) and Evenness (E=0.61) suggest moderate diversity. The Simpson’s dominance index of 0.77 (away from 0) indicates that the site in Giri Mulyo Village is not dominated by a few tree species. These indices demonstrate biodiversity improvement compared to monoculture practices. This approach is a novel way to simultaneously resolve conflict and encroachment issues. Ideal scenario requires that MPTS commodities planted at a composition of at least 50% of the total tree density to support livelihoods. An alternative income source is still needed to compensate for the decreased agricultural income due to the restoration until MPTS can be harvested.
The Use of Ostrom’s Concept on Rules-in-Use in the Analysis of Regulation of Natural Tourism Utilization in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
Authors: Badi’ah  , Kartodiharjo Hariadi , Nugroho Bramasto , Supriyanto Bambang
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the regulations weaknesses and the gap between rule in form and rule in use in the context of institution of nature tourism utilization in protected areas. The research was in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. The research used semi-structured interviews with key informants and analysis of regulations governing the contractual relationship with the business license for the nature tourism provision facilities (IUPSWA). The rules were analyzed using Ostrom’s Concept on Rules-in-Use, then the gap between rules in form and rules in use was explained in the IUPSWA business flow. Regulation weaknesses in the use of natural tourism found are (1) a gap in the use of cooperation agreement regulations as licensing permits; (2) inconsistency of environmental permit regulations; (3) lack of government capacity in controlling information to control the fulfillment of obligations in the payment of non-tax state revenue collection of business results for the provision of nature tourism facilities, (4) the absence of sanctions. Based on the gap between rule in form and rule in use in the Institutional Analysis Development Framework, imperfections of rule in form can result in participants using information and power in their interactions which result inconsistency with its objectives.
The Roles of Field Assistant of Pesticide Company in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Yulianti A , Istriningsih  , Dewi Y A , Hanifah V W , Herteddy D , Suib E , Sarwani M
Published: January 2022

The pesticide market in Indonesia is highly competitive which leads the companies to constantly develop marketing strategies. Pesticide companies assign Field Assistants (FAs) to execute the promotional efforts and knowledge delivery to farmers to increase the sale. This study aimed to investigate FA roles as a promotional agent in technology dissemination to support their tasks in demand creation and technology adoption, respectively. The study was conducted from October to December 2020 in North Sumatra Province. Data was collected by interviewing individual FA representing five pesticide companies, both multinational and local companies. The descriptive qualitative method was used by employing an inductive theoretical model, then analyzed with coding techniques using NVivo. The result revealed that among 10 emerging roles from coding, the most dominant role was stakeholders’ engagement; whilst the least one was understanding farmers’ problems. The role also addressed an environmental issue through a stewardship program funded by the company. There were variations in the implementation of those roles among companies due to their limiting factors. Thus, FA roles are mainly working on promotional efforts embedded with extension activities in terms of knowledge transfer to farmers, technical advisory, on-farm demonstration plot, and expose or farmer field day.
Sediment export estimation from the catchment area of Lake Rawapening using InVEST model
Authors: Nugroho N P
Published: January 2022

Sedimentation is one of the main problems of the fifteen priority lakes in Indonesia, including Lake Rawapening. It has adverse impacts on lake, such as siltation that contribute to eutrophication and reduce the lake’s lifetime. Therefore, reducing sedimentation rate was set as one of the super-priority programs of the Lake Rescue Movement. Information on the spatial distribution of sediment export becomes important to implement the program effectively. This study aims to estimate the magnitude and the spatial distribution of sediment export from the catchment area of Lake Rawapening. The analysis was based on the Sediment Delivery Ratio sub-model. The results indicated that the total sediment export from the catchment area of Lake Rawapening is 501,628.6 tons/year. The largest export of sediment came from Galeh Sub-sub watershed, i.e., 161,091.7 tons/year (32.1% of the total sediment). However, Legi Sub-sub watershed has the highest average of sediment export per hectare, i.e., 42.9 tons/ha. High sediment export generally occurs in the upstream area with very steep slope, high rainfall, and dominated by dryland agriculture and vegetable farm land. Thus, efforts to reduce sediment export to Lake Rawapening should be focused on the hot-spot area, such as the upstream area of Legi Sub-sub watershed.