bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teenager Image inAmerican Folklore
Authors:   EFL teacher, FerSU, Uzbekistan, Shermamatova Sevara
Published: February 2025

This article explores the image of teenagers in American folklore, analyzing how folk narratives, legends, and myths portray adolescence. Using the IMRAD structure, the study examines recurring themes such as rebellion, heroism, transformation, and social belonging. The literature review synthesizes scholarly perspectives on folklore’s role in shaping teenage identity. The methodology employs a qualitative approach, analyzing a corpus of American folktales featuring teenage protagonists. Results reveal dominant archetypes, including tricksters, reluctant heroes, and seekers of wisdom. The discussion interprets these findings within cultural and historical contexts, linking folklore to contemporary youth narratives. The conclusion underscores folklore’s lasting impact on teenage identity formation in American culture.
Adopsi pola sustainable consumption awareness sebagai realisasi ekologi integral bagi our common home dalam perbedaan perspektif antar generasi
Authors: Pranatasari Fransisca Desiana , Kristanto Agustinus Tri , Wardhani Aurelia Melinda Nisita , Kurniawati Lucia , Adinata Patrick Vivid
Published: February 2025

Global warming issue, attracts collective attention because it is detrimental to human life in the future. This has a huge impact on future generations. Therefore, there is a need for public awareness of sustainable consumption patterns or responsible consumption. Adoption of sustainable products can have a positive impact on future generations in various aspects, especially in the scope of integral ecology, namely the earth as our common home. Decision-making regarding consumption patterns needs to be explored more deeply in relation to awareness of sustainable consumption between generations and needs to look at differences in perceptions between generations. The respondents used in this research were the baby boomer generation, X, Y, and Z. Quantitative research using the survey method was carried out by distributing questionnaires. The analysis technique was carried out using non-parametric statistical tests with Kruskal Wallis. The results of this research show that there are differences in the perception of sustainable consumption awareness in the baby boomer, X, Y, and Z generations.
The creation of Pulesari Tourism Village involves social group interaction with local communities and self-confidence in circular economy
Authors: Amboningtyas Dheasey , Lestari Sinta Petri , Fatmasari Dewi
Published: February 2025

Pulesari Tourism Village offers several additional programs. It is a popular tourist destination because it thrives on community involvement. In addition, tourist cities are fashionable areas that attract visitors and influence their choice to visit modern tourist destinations. However, the amount of rubbish collected and the number of tourists increases. Therefore, it is essential to support environmental organizations in their efforts to keep areas tidy. To maintain the sustainability and cleanliness of tourist attractions, it is necessary to study the awareness of preserving ecological cleanliness through increasing self-confidence and social interaction regarding circular economy. This research used quantitative methodology and involved a total sample of 286 people, selected through systematic simple random sampling. The research sample objects include tourism awareness groups, youth organizations, farmer groups, farmer women's groups, and family empowerment and welfare. Purposive sampling was used to conduct research. Research data was analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression and Pearson correlation tests to determine the elements influencing social interaction and self-confidence about innovative (dependent) (independent) circular economy. Research findings show that although there is a weak correlation between social interaction and self-confidence, social interaction and self-confidence in responsible circular economy significantly impact maintaining the cleanliness of the tourist environment in the Pulesari tourist village. The conclusion explains that social interaction and confidence in circular economy are two ways to increase the number of tourist visits.
Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System
Authors: Thoss Valentin , Burkert Andreas
Published: February 2025

If primordial black holes (PBHs) of asteroidal mass make up the entire dark matter, they could be detectable through their gravitational influence in the solar system. In this work, we study the perturbations that PBHs induce on the orbits of planets. Detailed numerical simulations of the solar system, embedded in a halo of PBHs, are performed. We find that the gravitational effect of the PBHs is dominated by the closest encounter. Using the Earth–Mars distance as an observational probe, we show that the perturbations are smaller than the current measurement uncertainties and thus PBHs are not directly constrained by solar system ephemerides. We estimate that an improvement in the ranging accuracy by an order of magnitude or the extraction of signals well below the noise level is required to detect the gravitational influence of PBHs in the solar system in the foreseeable future.
Precession for the Mode Change in a Gamma-Ray Pulsar
Authors: Tong H. , Wang H. H.
Published: February 2025

PSR J2021+4026 is a gamma-ray pulsar having variations in its spin-down rate and gamma-ray flux. Its variations in timing and emission are correlated, e.g., a larger spin-down rate for a low gamma-ray flux. We show that the mode change in PSR J2021+4026 can be understood in the precession scenario. In the precession model, the inclination angle is modulated due to precession. At the same time, the wobble angle may decay with time. This results in damping of the precession. Combined with the magnetospheric torque model and the outer gap model, the damped precession can explain that (1) when the inclination angle is larger, the spin-down rate will be larger, accompanied by a lower gamma-ray flux. (2) The variation in amplitude of the gamma-ray flux and spin-down rate is smaller than previous results due to the damping of the precession. The modulation period is becoming shorter due to a smaller wobble angle. In the end, we propose that there are two kinds of modulations in pulsars. Long-term modulations in pulsars may be due to precession. Short-term modulations may be of magnetospheric origin.
Three Brown Dwarfs Masquerading as High-redshift Galaxies in JWST Observations
Authors: Tu Zhijun , Wang Shu , Chen Xiaodian , Liu Jifeng
Published: February 2025

We report the spectroscopic identification of three brown dwarf candidates—o005_s41280, o006_s00089, and o006_s35616—discovered in RUBIES using James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near-Infrared Spectrograph PRISM/CLEAR spectroscopy. We fit these sources with multiple substellar atmosphere models and present the atmospheric parameters, including effective temperature (T
eff), surface gravity, and other derived properties. The results suggest that o005_s41280 and o006_s35616, with T
eff in the ranges of 2100–2300 K and 1800–2000 K, respectively, are likely L dwarfs, while o006_s00089, with T
eff < 1000 K, is consistent with a late T dwarf classification. The best-fit model spectra provide a reasonable match to the observed spectra. However, distinct residuals exist in the Y, J, and H bands for the two L dwarf candidates, particularly for o006_s35616. Incorporating the extinction parameter into the fitting process can significantly reduce these residuals. The distance estimates indicate that these candidates are about 2 kpc away. The analysis of the color–color diagram using multiple JWST NIRcam photometry suggests that cooler T dwarfs, such as o006_s00089, overlap with little red dots, while hotter L dwarfs, like o005_s41280 and o006_s35616, tend to contaminate the high-redshift galaxy cluster. These findings suggest a brown dwarf contamination rate of approximately 0.1% in extragalactic deep field surveys, with L dwarfs being more frequently detected than cooler T and Y dwarfs.
Evaluation of diagnostic methods for detection of trichomoniasis in symptomatic women with vaginal discharge
Authors: Mishra Gargee , Gupta Kavita , Mohanty Srujana , Mitra Subarna , Singh Arvind Kumar
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Vaginal discharge is a common gynecological condition among reproductive age women. Common infections include bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and trichomoniasis. Prevalence of trichomoniasis varies with geographical area and the diagnostic techniques used. This study was conducted to compare various diagnostic methods for detection of trichomoniasis among women of the reproductive age group.
Methodology: The study was conducted from January 2021 to July 2022, and 114 patients were included. Vaginal discharge was collected from the lateral wall of the vagina and posterior fornix using four swabs for bedside culture into Kuperberg media, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), wet mount, Giemsa staining, Gram staining, and culture on blood agar for Candida spp. Nugent scoring in Gram stain was used to determine BV.
Result: BV was identified in 21.05% (24/114), VVC in 6.14% (7/114), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) in 4.4% (5/114) by PCR. However, TV was detected only in three patients by wet mount, Giemsa stain, and culture. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for wet mount and Giemsa stain were 100% for each parameter compared to culture; while sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 100% and 98.2% for PCR. All patients with TV presented with greenish frothy discharge (pH > 4.5) and vaginal wall inflammation.
Conclusions: Culture remains the standard diagnostic approach and is cost effective; but it has major shortcomings such as the need for faster sample transportation and longer turnaround time. PCR can detect non-viable trichomonads and can provide early and accurate diagnosis.
OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in North of Morocco: Data from regional hospital of Tangier
Authors: Mahrach Younes , Mourabit Nadira , Bakkali Mohamed , Arakrak Abdelhay , Laglaoui Amine
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This is a three-year retro-prospective study aimed at assessing the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and to study three-year retrospective study aimed at determining the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and analyzing the characteristics of OXA-48 producers.
Methodology: Six thousand one hundred eighteen bacteriological samples were assessed at Mohamed V Regional Hospital microbiology laboratory in Tangier, Morocco.
Results: Of the 1,228 identified Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli was the most isolated bacteria (68%). Fifty-eight Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to carbapenem (4.7%). Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloacae were the most common carbapenemase-producing isolates (43.1%, 27.5%, and 20.7%, respectively). All isolates were resistant to ertapenem, 62% to imipenem, whereas the lowest rate of resistance to carbapenems was against meropenem (51%). Among carbapenemase-producing isolates, 13.8% also produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Most carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates harbored the gene blaOXA-48 (84.5%).
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the alarming situation of the probable misuse of antibiotics. Awareness-raising sessions about the appropriate use of antibiotics and improving hospital hygiene are highly needed.
Long-term predictions of COVID-19 waves in China based on an improved SEIRS-Q model of antibody failure
Authors: Lin Mengxuan , Nie Pengyuan , Yan Qunjiao , Du Xinying , Chen Jinquan , Jin Yaqing , Wang Ligui , Wang Lei
Published: February 2025

Introduction: China had already experienced two COVID-19 epidemics since the promulgation of 10 new prevention and control measures in December 2022.
Methodology: In response to the current frequent epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants in China and the gradual relaxation of prevention and control policies, we built and ran a susceptible-exposed-infective-removed-susceptible-quarantined model incorporating self-isolation to predict future cases of COVID-19.
Results: Four waves of outbreaks were predicted to occur in November 2023, and in April, July, and November 2024. The first two waves were predicted to be more severe, with the maximum number of infected cases reaching 18.97% (269 million) and 8.77% (124 million) of the country’s population, respectively, while the rest were predicted to affect a maximum of < 3%.
Conclusions: Future outbreaks are expected to occur at shorter intervals but last for longer durations. COVID-19 epidemics in China are expected to subside after November 2024.
Correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and atherosclerosis in a physical examination population and its influencing factors
Authors: Han Lei , Gu Ruijuan , Jingsihan Hatira , Wang Yushan , Abulaiti Alina , Qu Linnan
Published: February 2025

Objective: To investigate the influence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection on carotid atherosclerosis (AS) in the physical examination population.
Methods: This study included physical examination patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (May 2021–May 2023). Participants underwent a carbon-13 urea breath test (13C-UBT), HP antibody detection, and carotid AS assessment via colour Doppler ultrasound. The patients were divided into the HP-infected group and the non-infected group based on 13C-UBT results, with the HP-infected group further subdivided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on antibody detection. General data, laboratory indexes and carotid AS indexes were compared between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse carotid plaque (CP) formation risk factors.
Results: The HP-infected group showed significantly higher body mass index levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and serum uric acid levels than the non-infected group (p < 0.05). The high-risk group demonstrated significant age differences, body mass index, hypertension, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and blood uric acid levels compared with the low-risk group (p < 0.05). Logistic regression identified age, smoking, systolic blood pressure and glycosylated haemoglobin as CP formation factors between the infected and non-infected groups (p < 0.05). Between the high-risk and low-risk groups, age, smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure and high-risk HP were identified as CP formation factors (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori infection, particularly high-risk HP infection, advances carotid AS in the physical examination population, with high-risk HP infection serving as a risk factor for CP formation.
The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies after 5 years with the primary Tetanus-Diphtheria vaccine in persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a follow-up study
Authors: Le Tuan Van , Nguyen Van Thi Tuyet , Nguyen Quan Hoang , Tran Huong Le Thien , Tran Son Dinh , Vien Chien Chinh
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Diphtheria is a serious infectious disease although being vaccine-preventable. 5-year follow-up study aimed to evaluate the persistence of IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxoid after Tetanus-diphtheria primary immunization for persons aged 6-25 years in Kon Tum, Viet Nam.
Methodology: Blood samples were obtained from 128 healthy persons aged 6-25 years collected in 2021. Samples were tested for diphtheria toxoid antibodies by commercial Anti-Diphtheria Toxoid IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results: One month after Td primary vaccination, 92.2% of participants were fully protected against diphtheria (> 0.1 IU/mL). GMCs increased from 0.04 to 0.91 IU/mL at one month, which were maintained in nearly 90% of vaccinees at 5 years. Among children aged 6-10 years, 97.3% had full protection at 1 month after primary vaccination, maintained in 94.6% at 5 years. Among adolescents and adults, 81.0% to 98.5% had full protection at 1 month after vaccination, which were maintained from 72.7% to 96.7% at 5 years. Although, the antibodies slightly declined approximately 5 years post-vaccination, but remained several-fold higher than pre-vaccination.
Conclusions: Td vaccine provides long-lasting protective antibodies against diphtheria. These data may inform discussion of the need for Td booster vaccinations among high-risk persons.
Perceptions of hospital pharmacists regarding roles in preventing and minimizing prescribing cascades: a mixed-method study
Authors: Asad Mahnoor , Ullah Waseem , Gajdács Márió , Madléna Melinda , Shanmugham Suresh , Veettil Sajesh K , Jamshed Shazia Q
Published: February 2025

Introduction: A prescribing cascade occurs when new medications are prescribed to address an adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with the preceding use of a medication, which may be mistaken as the onset of a novel disease or condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of hospital pharmacists regarding roles in preventing and minimizing prescribing cascades.
Methodology: A qualitative, semi-structured interview, followed by a quantitative, questionnaire-based study, was carried out at the Shifa International Hospital (SIH; Islamabad, Pakistan). Discharge summaries of patients aged ≥ 60 years were collected to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy at SIH.
Results: Discharge summaries of n = 350 patients were collected; 60.2% (n = 211) had comorbid conditions, and the co-occurrence of diabetes and hypertension were the most common. 37.8% (n = 132) were taking 8 or more medications. Eight (n = 8) hospital pharmacists participated in the qualitative study, and 4 major themes were identified in their perceptions regarding prescribing cascades. Fifty-two (n = 52) pharmacists were recruited in the quantitative phase. 86.5% (n = 45) of the participants reported long standing illness/chronic conditions; 67.3% (n = 35) noted the presence of comorbidities as a high risk, while 90.3% (n = 47) noted multiple prescribers, and 75.0% (n = 39) identified the ageing population as important risks factors for polypharmacy.
Conclusions: The current research may inform the role and responsibilities of hospital pharmacists in outpatient and inpatient departments, and in interprofessional care teams, in preventing and minimizing prescribing cascades.
Clinical, epidemiological, and pathological findings of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 infections in cattle from Southern Brazil
Authors: Headley Selwyn Arlington , Torres Tomazi Fritzen Juliana , Maturana Érika Fernandes Lopes , Alves de Alvarenga Natali Araujo Correia , Rodrigues Rafael Vince , Gomes Ana Laura Paulino Leite , Rodriguez Maria Constanza , Sogari Maria Izabel Pedra , Xavier Ana Aparecida Correa , Silva Flávia Helena Pereira , Pereira Priscilla Fajardo Valente , Rosa Vitor Bruno Bianconi , Flaiban Karina Keller Marques da Costa , Di Santis Giovana Wingeter , Patelli Thais Helena Constantino , Lisbôa Júlio Augusto Naylor , Alfieri Amauri Alcindo
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Sheep associated-malignant catarrhal fever is a frequently fatal, lymphoproliferative, and vascular disease caused by ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2), a member of the malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV) complex. OvGHV2-related epidemics normally have reduced morbidity with elevated lethality.
Methodology: This study investigated the causes of elevated morbidity, mortality, and lethality in cattle maintained on Brachiaria grass pastures and with neurological and enteric disease syndromes from nine farms in Paraná, Southern Brazil.
Results: The principal histopathological findings included necrotizing lymphocytic vasculitis, proliferative vascular lesions, and toxic cholangiohepatitis. An immunohistochemical (IHC) assay utilizing the 15A monoclonal antibody (15A-MAb), which is specific for MCFV, revealed positive intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity within the epithelial cells of the lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys in most animals, confirming infections by MCFV. PCR detected singular infections by OvGHV2 (n = 3) and bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 BoGHV6 (n = 3) in cattle with positive intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity by the 15A-MAb IHC assay. In one animal with positive immunoreactivity to the 15A-MAb IHC assay, neither Macavirus was identified through molecular testing.
Conclusions: These findings suggested that these two Macavirus were associated with the positive IHC findings. Additionally, the non-detection of OvGHV2 and BoGHV6 in the organs of one animal, despite typical vascular lesions and with positive IHC results, suggests that another Macavirus may be involved. Moreover, the identification of BoGHV6 DNA in cattle not infected by OvGHV2 but containing MCFV antigens, indicates cross-reactivity of BoGHV6 with the 15A-MAb assay. The possibe role of Bracharia on the occurrence of these infections is discussed.
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of HBV and HCV infections in the population of Ghudduwah Village, South Libya
Authors: Khalaf Ahmed A , BenDarif Elloulu T , Gibreel Tarek M , Alhadi Abdulhamed J , Abugalia Mohamed O , Mohamed Ali E , Gebril Nagi M , Jomaa Fatma , Daeki Ali O
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are serious public health concerns in Libya, particularly in the southern region. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for HBV and HCV infections among the general population in Ghudduwah village, south Libya.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 352 individuals from April to October 2018. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and suspected risk factors were obtained by a standard questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for HBV markers (HBsAg, HBcAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBsAb) and anti-HCV antibody (HCV-Ab).
Results: The overall prevalence of HBsAg, HBcAb, and HCV-Ab was 2.8%, 21%, and 22.4%, respectively. The rates of HBsAg, HBcAb, and HCV-Ab were significantly higher in males (4.5 %, 25.8% and 26.2 %) than in females (0%, 12.9 %, and 16%, respectively). The high prevalence of HBcAb and HCV-Ab were significantly associated with individuals who had a history of blood transfusion (p = 0.037 and 0.035, respectively) and received dental treatment (p = 0.01 and 0.0001, respectively). In addition, a high prevalence of HCV infection was significantly associated with a family history of viral hepatitis and wet cupping (p = 0.05 and 0.0001, respectively).
Conclusions: Ghudduwah village is an area of low-intermediate hepatitis B endemicity, whereas the local prevalence of hepatitis C infection is classified as high-endemicity. History of blood transfusion, dental treatment, family history of viral hepatitis and wet cupping were the most common risk factors for the transmission of HBV and HCV infection.
Commensal mouth bacteria are the main cause of dentoalveolar abscesses in the maxillofacial region
Authors: Rusinovci Sinan , Sejdini Milaim , Salihu Sami , Haliti Naim , Jukić Doroteja P , Starc Andrej , Stubljar David , Jukic Tomislav
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial strains that most commonly cause abscesses after failed endodontic treatment.
Methodology: 102 pus samples from dentoalveolar abscesses were examined for bacterial growth. Additionally, 102 samples of healthy gingiva from the same patients were swabbed for comparison of etiology. The swabs were inoculated on blood, chocolate, and Schaedler agar plates; and incubated aerobically and anaerobically. Isolated pathogenic bacteria were compared to healthy oral flora from 50 healthy individuals. Bacterial strains were identified using the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) method and susceptibility was tested using VITEK 2.
Results: The same microorganism was identified from the healthy and abscess side of the oral cavity in 50.0% of the cases. The most commonly identified healthy aerobic flora were coagulase-negative staphylococci, alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella spp. The most identified anaerobes were Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides spp. Identification of 6 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, 3 amoxiclav resistant Actinomyces spp., 1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) E. coli, and 2 ESBL Klebsiella spp. were confirmed. A significant correlation was found between prescription of amoxiclav before surgery and isolation of amoxiclav-resistant Actinomyces spp. (p = 0.035).
Conclusions: Common oral flora caused dental abscesses. Not much antimicrobial resistance was detected among the bacterial isolates. However, the dentists used antibiotics irresponsibly because a few cases were identified where the bacteria were resistant to antibiotics used prior to removal of dentoalveolar abscesses.
Evaluation of the long-term outcomes of patients with hepatitis delta
Authors: Tarhan Muhammet Salih , Gedik Habip , Kart-Yasar Kadriye
Published: February 2025

Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of hepatitis delta patients, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), based on clinical and laboratory data.
Methodology: A retrospective evaluation was conducted on patients diagnosed with hepatitis delta. The patients were formed into four groups: no-treatment, pegylated interferon, oral antiviral, and combined treatment.
Results: A total of 93 patients, 48 women and 45 men, were evaluated in the study. The mean follow-up time was 4.38 ± 2.7 years. Of those, 43 were in the no-treatment group, 22 received combination therapy including pegylated interferon and oral antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B (the combined treatment group), 19 received only oral antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B (the oral antiviral group), and nine received pegylated interferon (the pegylated interferon group). HDV-RNA negativity was observed in 67% (6/9) of patients in the pegylated interferon group and 33% (5/15) of patients in the combined treatment group. HDV-RNA became spontaneously negative in one of the two patients in the no-treatment group, while no patient in the oral antiviral group became HDV-RNA negative. Seven patients were diagnosed with cirrhosis and one with HCC. Three patients had undergone liver transplants. There were no fatalities among patients.
Conclusions: Pegylated interferon therapy has been demonstrated to have partial efficacy in the treatment of delta hepatitis, while oral antivirals have been shown to offer no additional benefit. Although negative HDV-RNA was achieved in some patients treated with pegylated interferon, pegylated interferon treatment could not eliminate the risk of cirrhosis and HCC.
Acyclovir desensitization. A case report and a review of desensitization strategies
Authors: Spataro Federico , Ria Roberto , Choul Nada , Vacca Angelo , Solimando Antonio G , Di Girolamo Attilio
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Acyclovir is a synthetic purine nucleoside analog that is used to treat infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) by targeting the viral enzyme thymidine kinase. However, its use can lead to hypersensitivity reactions (HR) in rare cases, resulting in treatment discontinuation. Rapid drug desensitization (DD) by intravenous or oral administration protocols are used in these patients in order to avoid treatment discontinuation. This approach has been proven to be effective and safe. Here, we review all the desensitization strategies adopted so far, and also report our experience.
Methodology: We reviewed all reports related to acyclovir desensitization; focusing on skin test results, protocols and premedication performed, and their effectiveness. We also report on the case of a 74-year-old woman affected by multiple myeloma who developed HR to acyclovir. She underwent skin tests, and lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) with acyclovir, and was subsequently subjected to oral desensitization.
Results. Six articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this review, along with a case report. All DD procedures were well-tolerated, with only mild reactions reported in one patient. Skin tests gave negative results but one result was deemed doubtful response. Moreover, the LPT performed in our case had positive result, indicating a hypersensitive immune response to acyclovir.
Conclusions. Acyclovir desensitization is a safe and effective approach for patients experiencing HR. Standardized in vivo and in vitro testing are required to better estimate the risk of DD and find the safest individualized DD protocol.
Scrofuloderma: report of two cases
Authors: Skiljevic Dusan , Vilotijevic Maja , Stojkovic Filipovic Jelena , Reljic Vesna , Tomanovic Marija , Peric Jelena
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic, granulomatous, infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Cutaneous TB accounts for less than 1–2% of all TB cases. Scrofuloderma is a subcutaneous form of cutaneous TB, which results from direct spreading of infection from deeper tissues.
Case reports: We present two patients with scrofuloderma who exhibited typical clinical features but posed significant diagnostic challenges. In the first case, diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of a tissue specimen which detected M. tuberculosis. All other microbiological tests, including direct microscopy, acid-fast bacilli smear, mycobacterial cultures, and TB-PCR of caseous discharge, were negative. In the second case, M. tuberculosis was identified via PCR of an ulcer swab, while other tests were negative. Histopathological findings were consistent with cutaneous TB. Both patients were treated with four first-line antitubercular drugs. The first patient developed progressive leukopenia and neutropenia and the treatment was adjusted to exclude ethambutol. Both the patients showed significant clinical improvement shortly after starting therapy.
Conclusions: Cutaneous TB is often misdiagnosed due to its rarity and the challenges of microbiological testing, especially in paucibacillary forms. Histopathological features, though suggestive, are not pathognomonic, contributing to diagnostic delays. Increased awareness among dermatologists can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.
New fairy-folk crickets from New Guinea (Grylloidea, Eneopterinae, Lebinthina)
Authors: Tan Ming Kai , Rahmadi Cahyo , Robillard Tony
Published: February 2025

Two new genera of Lebinthina (Grylloidea, Eneopterinae, Lebinthini) are described from New Guinea, each genus including a new species: Diablotinthus lengguru Robillard & Tan, sp. nov. and Lutinthus timika Robillard & Tan gen. et sp. nov.Diablotinthus also includes D. ambonensis (Robillard, 2010) comb. nov. A new species of Gnominthus Robillard & Vicente is also described from Hihilai Plantation in Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea: G. hihilai Robillard & Tan, sp. nov. The calling song of D. lengguru Robillard & Tan, sp. nov. is also described.
Phytochemical composition and antiviral properties of A. fragrantissima methanolic extract on H1N1 virus
Authors: Abu-Irmaileh Bashaer , Al-Hroub Hamza M. , Rasras Mohammad H. , Hudaib Mohammad , Semreen Mohammad H. , Bustanji Yasser
Published: February 2025

Background: The H1N1 influenza virus continues to pose a substantial risk to public health because of its fast spread and the development of resistance to existing neuraminidase inhibitors. The demand for alternative antiviral drugs, especially those obtained from natural sources, is consistently increasing.

Objective: The objective of this work was to examine the antiviral properties of the methanolic extract of A. fragrantissima against the H1N1 influenza virus. The main focus was to assess its neuraminidase enzyme inhibition and its capability to decrease virus-induced cytotoxicity in MDCK cells.

Methods: The aerial parts of A. fragrantissima were gathered, dried, and extracted using methanol solvent. Phytochemical profiling of the extract was performed using GC-MS derivatization. The inhibition of neuraminidase was measured by a fluorometric method, and the antiviral activity was investigated in MDCK cells that were infected with H1N1.

Results: Bioactive substances, including flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, fatty acids, and phenolic acids, were detected by phytochemical analysis. The extract exhibited inhibitory action against neuraminidase, identified by an IC50 value of 203.1 µg/mL. In antiviral tests, the extract treatment at a concentration of 150 µg/mL led to a significant decrease of 38.7% in virus-induced cytotoxicity at the highest viral titer. The MTT assay demonstrated minor cytotoxicity when used in antiviral investigations, with an IC50 value of 328 µg/mL.

Conclusion: A. fragrantissima methanolic extract shows significant antiviral action against H1N1 influenza virus, probably via neuraminidase suppression. Bioactive substances with established antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects highlight the potential of A. fragrantissima as a natural antiviral agent. The presence of bioactive compounds with known antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties underscores the potential of A. fragrantissima as a natural antiviral agent. Additional research is required to isolate and identify the precise active components accountable for its antiviral properties.
Botulinum Toxin A for Management of Consecutive Exotropia: Factors Affecting Treatment Success
Authors: Tugcu Betul , Yildirim Humeyra , Kunduracı Merve Sena , Akbulut Ersin , Ersan Bilge Araz
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection as a re-treatment procedure in patients with consecutive exotropia.

Methods

The medical records of 34 patients who underwent botulinum toxin type A injection for consecutive exotropia were retrospectively reviewed. Five units of botulinum toxin type A was applied to the unilateral lateral rectus muscle, and the injection was administered under electromyography guidance. Successful motor alignment was defined as a far deviation within 10 prism diopters (PD).

Results

A total of 34 patients were included in the study. Twenty-six patients (76.5%) had acquired esotropia and 8 patients (23.5%) had infantile esotropia. The average age of the patients was 169 ± 88.9 months. The mean time elapsed between the last surgery and botulinum toxin injection was 67.8 ± 78 months. The mean before botulinum toxin type A injection deviation was 20.03 ± 8.42 PD at near and 21.41 ± 8.87 PD at distance. The deviation after botulinum toxin type A injection was 9.65 ± 7.42 PD at near and 10.82 ± 7.33 PD at distance. All patients were followed up for 19.8 ± 20 months. The average number of injections was 1.6 ± 1.1. The final success rate was 73.5%. The first month's near deviation was significantly associated with treatment success (
P
= .012). Post-injection fusion potential had a weak association with the 6-month and overall treatment success (
P
= .073 and .057, respectively)

Conclusions

The results of this study demonstrate that botulinum toxin type A injection can be an effective, safe treatment option in consecutive exotropia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 20XX;X(X):XXX–XXX.]
Innovation in the Time of Pandemic
Authors: Alnajjar Mohammed , Senadjki Abdelhak , Nee Au Yong Hui , Ogbeibu Samuel
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) shutting down or struggling to stay afloat. This has presented a significant challenge for governments to protect and support these businesses. Given the crucial role of SMEs in achieving economic sustainability, this study aims to explore the impact of the pandemic on various aspects of SMEs and investigate the role of innovation in supporting SMEs to develop their businesses during these trying times. Data was collected through interviews conducted via a Google form sent to managers via email. Results showed that the pandemic had a severe impact on SMEs, revealing their weak ability to face crises. However, some companies with innovative skills and strong financial positions responded positively to the pandemic by automating their processes and developing their products and services, leading to a positive impact on their financial performance.
Testicular histomorphology, sperm and testicular morphometric evaluation of glyphosate exposed rabbit bucks treated with hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis
Authors: Ansa Anietie Archibong , Odegbunam Chioma Vivian , John Ogechi Grace , Obidike Favour Ifeoma
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effect of glyphosate exposure on some male reproductive parameters and the potential protective effects of Newbouldia laevis leaf (NBL) extract. The 36 rabbits used for the study were randomized into four treatment groups (control, glyphosate-only, glyphosate + NBL 100 mg and glyphosate + NBL 200 mg) in a completely randomized design. From the results, glyphosate was found to significantly impair all measured semen parameters. Testicular morphometric analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in some testicular parameters due to glyphosate exposure. Histological examination of testes in the glyphosate-only group revealed severe disruptions in testicular architecture, likely contributing to the observed decrease in semen quality. Conversely, NBL treatment led to significant enhancement in spermatogenic activity, resulting in higher sperm count, motility, volume, libido, live sperm, and improved sperm morphology when compared to the herbicide-exposed group. NBL-treated groups exhibited significant (p < 0.05) increase in testicular circumference, width, and epididymal length. NBL extract also restored testicular architecture and ameliorated herbicide-induced histological changes. Therefore, the potential protective effects of Newbouldia laevis leaf extract on herbicide-induced reproductive dysfunction could pave the way for novel natural interventions to counteract the negative consequences of herbicide exposure.
The effects of fenugreek seeds on the albino rat male reproductive system, MDA and SOD levels, and CD16 responses to Al2O3 NPs administration
Authors: Hameed Zainab Rasheed , Zabbon Areej , Al-Bairuty Genan
Published: February 2025

Aluminum is widely distributed in the environment and enters the body via air, water, food, medications, and manmade objects. Some studies suggest that aluminum toxicity increases the rate of lipid peroxidation and consequently the generation of free radicals. However, the impact of nanoparticles on human health is still not fully understood. An indicator of lipid peroxidation in serum and tissues is an increased MDA. At the same time, there was a decrease in the level SOD and detection CD16 using the immunohistochemistry technique, objectives evaluating the impact of Al₂O₃ NPs on oxidative stress markers (MDA and SOD) and immune responses (CD16) in the testes, as well as the protective effects of fenugreek seed extract it was observed that these changes in levels recovered when given the plant extract of fenugreek seeds,65 albino rats were divided into 13 groups, including the control group Two concentrations of fenugreek extract (2 and 4 gm kg-1) and two concentrations of Al₂O₃ NPs solution (70 and 140 mg kg-1) were given orally to the rats for 21 and 35 days, respectively. The amino-histochemistry method was used to detect CD16, and its presence was checked along with the concentrations of oxidative stress markers like SOD and MDA. Immunohistochemical findings revealed a significant increase in CD16 in testicular cells; fenugreek extract doses significantly decreased MDA and slightly raised SOD. Al₂O₃ NPs. were shown to significantly raise MDA and decrease SOD at (p ≤ 0.05), according to the study's findings. and Immunohistochemical results detected a significant increase in CD16 in testicular cells, and doses of fenugreek extract reduced the MDA was significant, and a slightly significant increase in SOD. The study concluded Al₂O₃ NPs led to an imbalance in the testicle by generating oxidative stress and the fenugreek extract succeeded in alleviating the harmful effects of Al₂O₃ and by curbing MOD and strengthening the antioxidant defense system SOD, at the same time significantly influenced the histopathological and toxicological change responses through expression CD16.
Beyond the assessment of work-related stress risk: the management standards approach for organizational wellbeing
Authors: Marcatto Francesco , Ferrante Donatella
Published: February 2025

The in-depth assessment of work-related stress risk (WRS) represents both a regulatory obligation and a moment to reflect on the health conditions of the organization. This paper reports the results obtained from the in-depth WRS assessment conducted in a facility management company through the administration of the HSE Management Standards Indicator Tool (HSE-MS IT) and further measures aimed at assessing perceived stress, job satisfaction, and job motivation. A total of 196 workers took part in the study. The WRS assessment revealed the presence of risk in the Demand, Relationships, and Peer Support dimensions and of serious risk in the Control dimension. Through correlations and multiple regressions analyses the organizational areas significantly associated with perceived stress, job satisfaction and job motivation have been identified. The direct and indirect effect of the Management Standards on the three output measures was also evaluated using path analysis models. Demand, Control, and Relationships resulted to have a direct effect on perceived stress, while Peer Support and Management Support had an effect on job satisfaction and job motivation respectively. Perceived stress also has a direct effect on job satisfaction, which in turn resulted to affect job motivation. In conclusion, an in-depth WRS assessment that combines the traditional approach based on Management Standards with additional measures of organizational well-being, can give the opportunity to identify not only the key factors leading to WRS, but also the management areas critically associated to other elements that contribute to organizational well-being, such as job satisfaction and motivation.
MUSIC AS SUPPORT TO OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
Authors: Raglio Alfredo , Giambelluca Eliana , Balia Giulia , Panigazzi Monica
Published: February 2025

Habilitation, rehabilitation and promotion of well-being is the ultimate goal of the occupational therapy process. Occupational therapy interventions take advantages from interdisciplinary approach, implying that classic rehabilitative models are constantly enhanced by updated evidences in rehabilitation literature and enriched with competences from different fields. Recent literature has showed how music interventions can improve clinical and rehabilitative outcomes at different levels. Physical or occupational therapists, caregivers and care staffs are frequently involved in providing music interventions with or without the support of a music therapist. In particular, occupational therapists can use music as support to the rehabilitation of daily living activities and, in general, as a complementary tool of their work. This paper wants to stress the implementation of music and music therapy techniques and related specific training programs in the field of occupational therapy, pointing and summarizing main workable evidence-based approaches with music in occupational therapy settings.
PERCEPTIONS AND REPRESENTATIONS OF WORKPLACE BULLYING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ITALY AND FRANCE
Authors: Dassisti Liliana , Loriol Marc , Mininni Giuseppe , Tafuri Silvio , Bianchi Francesco Paolo , Loconsole Pasqua , Grattagliano Ignazio
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to analyse the phenomenon of workplace bullying in two countries: Italy and France and trying to understand the differences among them. The words used to refer to it are respectively "mobbing" in Italy and "harcèlement moral" in France. The research analyse the phenomenon's characteristics through the opinion of an expert sample, belonging to different areas linked to their cultural background. They were selected by the researchers for their expertise and experience on this topic. The tool used was a semi-structured interview conducted in vivo by the researcher. The data resulting were processed as follow: a qualitative analysis was conducted through the production of short synthesis for each interview; a quantitative analysis was conducted through the attempt to standardize the qualitative answers in percentage data. The results shows the existence of different phenomenon's characteristics in the two countries.
COULD COMBUSTION-GENERATED NANOPARTICLES INDUCE CYTOTOXICITY ALSO AT THE EXTREMELY LOW DOSES TYPICAL OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS?
Authors: Pedata Paola
Published: February 2025

The presence of nanoparticles in the environment is mainly attributed to outdoor sources but sub-10 nm particles may also form indoor as effect of domestic activities such as cooking, heating, air freshening. Today, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, people are staying home for longer periods of times, thus being exposed to a poor indoor air quality. Due to elevated numerical concentration and large surface area, the health effect of sub-10 nm particles can go beyond what expected from their low mass concentration in the atmosphere. The objective of this study is to find, based on analysis of recent in vitro studies, a dose-effect correlation based on particle size/surface more than on particle mass. Such a correlation cold be useful to assess the health effects of people exposed to very low mass doses of nanoparticles either indoor or outdoor.​
THE NEW ReNaTuNS OPERATING MANUAL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF NASO-SINUS TUMOUR CASES
Authors: Mensi Carolina , Binazzi Alessandra , Miligi Lucia , Franchi Alessandro , Calisti Roberto , Galli Paolo , Romeo Elisa , Zajacovà Jana , Marinaccio Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Naso-sinus malignancies (TuNS) are rare cancers with a high occupational aetiological fraction: in fact, while the incidence in the general population is low, a significant proportion of cases occur in workers exposed to specific causative agents. Based on the available evidence, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has evaluated some agents or circumstances of exposure with definite or limited evidence of carcinogenicity to humans (groups 1 and 2A) for the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses.
[Radiological accident: public health countermeasures]
Authors: De Luca Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

Several measures in a response to a nuclear or radiological emergency have in common the aim of protecting human life and health, among these: to save lives; to avoid or to minimize severe deterministic effects; to provide fist aid, critical medical treatment and to manage the treatment of radiation injuries; to reduce the risk of stochastic effects.In the phase of the urgent response (the first hours or few days from the declaration of the emergency) mitigatory actions have to be taken by the operating personnel of a nuclear facility to prevent the escalation of the emergency and mitigate the consequences of radioactive releases and exposure; along with these, urgent protective actions have to be implemented. Examples of urgent protective actions are: sheltering, evacuation of people residing near the plant and iodine thyroid blocking: these actions can be also precautionary if taken before or immediately after the beginning of the radioactive release. In the second phase of the emergency (the early response phase) which can last days or weeks, early protective actions, like relocation, restrictions on the food chain and on water supply etc., should be taken.The mitigatory and protective actions should be part of a general protective strategy of the population, based on generic criteria and generic guidance values for restricting exposure of the emergency workers and of the general population.