bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gula Aren: Si Hitam Manis Pembawa Keuntungan dengan Segudang Potensi
Authors:   Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Kampus BSD, BSD City Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama No.1, BSD City, Kec. Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15339, Lingawan Angelita , Nugraha Dio ,   Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Kampus BSD, BSD City Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama No.1, BSD City, Kec. Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15339, Jessica Earlene ,   Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Kampus BSD, BSD City Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama No.1, BSD City, Kec. Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15339, Aprianto Edwin ,   Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Kampus BSD, BSD City Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama No.1, BSD City, Kec. Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15339, Geovanny Geovanny ,   Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Kampus BSD, BSD City Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama No.1, BSD City, Kec. Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15339, Ardhito Muhammad ,   Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Kampus BSD, BSD City Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama No.1, BSD City, Kec. Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15339, Japit Philbert ,   Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Kampus BSD, BSD City Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama No.1, BSD City, Kec. Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15339, Trilaksono Teddy ,   Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Kampus BSD, BSD City Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama No.1, BSD City, Kec. Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15339
Published: March 2022

Palm sugar is one of a well known type of sugar from Indonesia, where back then there are so many people working as a palm sugar farmers as a livelihood for everyday life. Nowadays, people who work as palm sugar farmers is decreasing due to the depletion of palm sugar resources and a shift in the community's perspective on the profession of palm sugar farmers in Pakuon Village. Even though the demand of the palm sugar is increasing both domestically and internationally, given the many benefits offered by the palm sugar. This study aims to improve the welfare of palm sugar farmers in Pakuon Village with the development of aspects of production, marketing, and prospects for products that can be produced from palm sugar. The result is an improvement in the production perspective by increasing security which affects farmers' productivity levels. From the marketing perspective, consignment to stalls and packaging is equipped with a logo and contact number increases its brand awareness. Last but not least, the product itself could be develop into another new product called “klepon”, klepon is one of the most famous traditional food in Indonesia and becoming a trend in Pakuon Village because we are pioneer to introduce klepon in Pakuon Village
APLICATIVOS DE DELIVERY EM NATAL/RN
Authors: Santos Daniel Carlos Alves , Silva Emilly Domingos da , Dantas Jaqueline de Souza , Brito Maria Cecília Cordeiro de
Published: March 2022

A forma de consumo em nossa sociedade apresenta-se cada vez mais tecnológica, principalmente através de aplicativos por delivery. Nesse sentido, esse estudo objetiva compreender a dinâmica dos principais aplicativos de delivery na cidade do Natal/RN (Ifood, Uber Eats e Rappi), além das novas formas de exploração de trabalho dos entregadores desses aplicativos. Para isso, realizou-se um mapeamento das áreas de cobertura dos aplicativos em Natal/RN e aplicação de questionários. Constatou-se que em Natal/RN, bairros periféricos e com menor poder aquisitivo não possuem acesso pleno aos principais aplicativos revelando zonas de exclusão e estabelecendo pontos de aglomerações dos entregadores em determinados locais, em detrimento dos fluxos de consumo e funcionamento dos aplicativos, gerando diferentes (micro)territorialidades dos entregadores e possibilidades de acesso aos usuários.
DINÂMICA DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DA TERRA NO CARSTE TRADICIONAL OLHOS D’ÁGUA/FREI PAULO – SERGIPE
Authors: Dos Santos Macedo Heleno , De Araújo Hélio Mário , Pereira Lima Luana
Published: March 2022

Devido ao contexto geológico de formação, a paisagem cárstica apresenta graus significativos de fragilidade se constituindo em ambientes suscetíveis a ocorrência de impactos ambientais. Este artigo visa caracterizar o uso e ocupação da terra em ambientes do carste tradicional Olhos D’água/Frei Paulo para subsidiar a compatibilização do uso sustentável do ambiente frente ao expansionismo urbano e diversas atividades econômicas implementadas sem a preocupação racional de conservação sustentável dos recursos naturais. As bases analíticas da pesquisa foram alicerçadas nos dados secundários de órgãos oficiais do governo, empresas privadas e trabalhos de campo. Os resultados mostram que os múltiplos usos do solo desprovidos de planejamento prévio pelo setor público e até mesmo privado, nas mais diversas práticas econômicas não tem tido a menor preocupação do quanto as atividades podem afetar os sistemas naturais.
ESPAÇO AGRÁRIO ALAGOANO
Authors: Firmino Paul
Published: March 2022

A economia e a sociedade alagoana estruturaram-se mediante a cultura da cana-de-açúcar, delineando seu território e os sistemas de exploração, tendo no engenho o primeiro motor da economia, precursor das modernas agroindústrias sucroenergéticas. A transição do século XX ao XXI traz transformações significativas para o campo brasileiro, as quais atingem diretamente o espaço agrário de Alagoas, intensificadas através do processo de globalização e das imposições do mercado global. Destarte, as agroindústrias alagoanas passaram a se moldar conforme às exigências de competitividade econômica do período atual, contando com investimentos governamentais, usos de novas terras (os tabuleiros costeiros) e presença de novos objetos técnicos-científicos-informacionais (fertilizantes, colheitadeiras, sistemas de irrigação, mudanças administrativas etc.) no espaço agrário.
Co genetic Cr-bearing tourmaline and emerald in the Novo Cruzeiro pegmatite field (Minas Gerais, Brazil)
Authors: Horn Adolf , Fuchs Yves , Fourdrin Chloe , Grenèche Jean-Marc , Boudouma Omar
Published: March 2022

The Novo Cruzeiro pegmatite field in Minas Gerais (Brazil), located between Téofilo Otoni and the Jequitinhonha River, belongs to the areas of the EBPP with tourmaline and emerald occurrences. The pegmatites show beside of coloured tourmalines, Cr-rich black tourmaline cogenetic with Cr-bearing emerald. General crystallization conditions of pegmatites show, based on the obtained data, important changes during the final phase of tourmaline crystallisation which caused variations in tourmaline chemistry and reflects differences in the chemistry of the participating fluids. The crystallization of tourmaline ceased and after a period of co-crystallization, emerald was the only formed mineral. The obtained information suggests a crystallization sequence from tourmaline over tourmaline+emerald to emerald. A part of B and Fe may come from the host rock, Be and B from the intrusive granites and Cr from regional mafic to ultramafic rocks like amphibolite or Bt-Qz-schist.
Imperatorin Attenuates the Proliferation of MCF-7 Cells in Combination
with Radiotherapy or Hyperthermia
Authors: Najafi Masoud , Taeb Shahram , Farhood Bagher , Amini Peyman , Nodooshan Saeedeh Jafari , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Aliasgharzadeh Akbar , Vakili Zarichehr , Tavakoli Saeed , Aryafar Tayebeh , Musa Ahmed Eleojo
Published: March 2022

Background:

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of malignancies in the world. Cancer resistance is an unavoidable consequence of therapy with radiation or other modalities. On-going research aims to improve cancer response to therapy.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible sensitization effect of imperatorin (IMP) in combination with external radiotherapy (ERT) or HT.

Method:

After treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IMP, cells were exposed to 4 Gy X-rays or HT (42 °C for 1 hour). The viability of MCF-7 cells was measured using an MTT assay. Further-more, the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, including Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, was investigated using real-time PCR. The sensitizing effect of IMP in combination with ERT or HT was calculated and compared to ERT or HT alone.

Results:

Results showed an increase in the expression of pro-apoptotic genes and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 following ERT and HT. Furthermore, cell viability was reduced following these treatments. IMP was able to augment these effects of ERT and HT.

Conclusion:

IMP could increase the efficiency of HT and ERT. This effect of IMP may suggest it as an adjuvant for increasing the therapeutic efficiency of ERT.
Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Aquillochin and
Grewin as SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitors
Authors: Cetin Adnan
Published: March 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic emerged at the end of 2019 in China and spread rapidly all over the world. Scientists strive to find virus-specific antivirals against COVID-19 dis-ease. This study aimed to assess bioactive coumarinolignans (Aquillochin, Grewin) as potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) inhibitors using a molecular docking study.

Methods:

The detailed interactions between coumarinolignans and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro were de-termined as hydrophobic bonds, hydrogen bonds, electronic bonds, inhibition activity, ligand effi-ciency, bonding type, and distance using Autodock 4.2 software. SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was docked with Aquillochin and Grewin, and the docking results were analyzed by Autodock 4.2 and Biovia Discovery Studio 4.5. Nelfinavir and Lopinavir were used as standards for comparison.

Results:

The binding energies of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-coumarinolignan’s complexes were iden-tified from the molecular docking of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Aquillochin and Grewin were found to be -7.5 and -8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding sites of the coumarinolignans to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro were identified with the main interactions being π-alkyl, alkyl, π-cation, π-π T-Shaped, and hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, SwissADME web tools were used to evaluate ADMET properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of Aquillochin and Grewin. The results of ADMET and pharma-cokinetic results of the Aquillochin and Grewin showed that these coumarinolignans were conso-nant with the many accepted rules and the criteria of drug-likeness.

Conclusion:

Aquillochin and Grewin obey Lipinski’s rule of five. According to the results obtained from molecular docking studies and ADMET predictions, Aquillochin and Grewin have shown weak efficacy as drug candidates against COVID-19 disease.
QSAR Modeling of Styrylquinoline Derivatives as HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors
Authors: Mouhsin Mouad , Chtita Samir , Mbarki Mohamed , Oubenali Mustapha , Echajia Malika , Ouafy Tarik El , Gamouh Ahmed
Published: March 2022

Background:

AIDAIDS is a complicated disease, and the underlying complication makes a total
cure impossible. This demands the vigorous need for suitable anti-HIV agents. Styrylquinoline, a
quinolone derivative, emerged as a potent HIV-IN inhibitor.S is a complicated disease, and the underlying complication makes a total cure impossible. This demands the vigorous need of suitable anti-HIV agents. Styrylquinoline, a quinolone derivative emerged as a potent HIV-IN inhibitor.

Objective:

This study aims to construct an easily transferable and reproducible model that relates the
biological activities of styrylquinoline derivatives to their molecular descriptors.

Method:

2D Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies were carried out on a series
of 36 styrylquinoline derivatives.

Results:

The technique of recursive feature elimination with random forests was used to select the descriptors rich in information regarding biological activity. The selected descriptors were used in QSAR studies based on multiple linear regression (MLR) and multiple nonlinear regression (MNLR). The performance of models was evaluated by internal and external validations. The values of R_pred^2 and Q_LOO^2for the MLR model are 0.814 and 0.713 respectively, while the MNLR model has R_pred^2 and Q_LOO^2values of 0.810 and 0.699 respectively.

Conclusion:

The information obtained from 2D-QSAR models will aid in gaining a better understanding
of the structural requirements for creating novel HIV-IN inhibitors.
Improving Outcomes Through Personalized Recommendations in a Remote Diabetes Monitoring Program: Observational Study
Authors: Kamath Sowmya , Kappaganthu Karthik , Painter Stefanie , Madan Anmol
Published: March 2022

Background

Diabetes management is complex, and program personalization has been identified to enhance engagement and clinical outcomes in diabetes management programs. However, 50% of individuals living with diabetes are unable to achieve glycemic control, presenting a gap in the delivery of self-management education and behavior change. Machine learning and recommender systems, which have been used within the health care setting, could be a feasible application for diabetes management programs to provide a personalized user experience and improve user engagement and outcomes.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate machine learning models using member-level engagements to predict improvement in estimated A1c and develop personalized action recommendations within a remote diabetes monitoring program to improve clinical outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective study of Livongo for Diabetes member engagement data was analyzed within five action categories (interacting with a coach, reading education content, self-monitoring blood glucose level, tracking physical activity, and monitoring nutrition) to build a member-level model to predict if a specific type and level of engagement could lead to improved estimated A1c for members with type 2 diabetes. Engagement and improvement in estimated A1c can be correlated; therefore, the doubly robust learning method was used to model the heterogeneous treatment effect of action engagement on improvements in estimated A1c.

Results

The treatment effect was successfully computed within the five action categories on estimated A1c reduction for each member. Results show interaction with coaches and self-monitoring blood glucose levels were the actions that resulted in the highest average decrease in estimated A1c (1.7% and 1.4%, respectively) and were the most recommended actions for 54% of the population. However, these were found to not be the optimal interventions for all members; 46% of members were predicted to have better outcomes with one of the other three interventions. Members who engaged with their recommended actions had on average a 0.8% larger reduction in estimated A1c than those who did not engage in recommended actions within the first 3 months of the program.

Conclusions

Personalized action recommendations using heterogeneous treatment effects to compute the impact of member actions can reduce estimated A1c and be a valuable tool for diabetes management programs in encouraging members toward actions to improve clinical outcomes.
Exercise-Based Real-time Telerehabilitation for Older Adult Patients Recently Discharged After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study
Authors: Brocki Barbara Cristina , Andreasen Jan Jesper , Aaroe Jens , Andreasen Jane , Thorup Charlotte Brun
Published: March 2022

Background

The use of telehealth technology to improve functional recovery following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has not been investigated.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to examine the feasibility of exercise-based cardiac telerehabilitation after TAVI.

Methods

This was a single-center, prospective, nonrandomized study using a mixed methods approach. Data collection included testing, researchers’ observations, logbooks, and individual patient interviews, which were analyzed using a content analysis approach. The intervention lasted 3 weeks and consisted of home-based web-based exercise training, an activity tracker, a TAVI information website, and 1 web-based session with a nurse.

Results

Of the initially included 13 patients, 5 (40%) completed the study and were interviewed; the median age was 82 (range 74-84) years, and the sample comprised 3 men and 2 women. Easy access to supervised exercise training at home with real-time feedback and use of the activity tracker to count daily steps were emphasized by the patients who completed the intervention. Reasons for patients not completing the program included poor data coverage, participants’ limited information technology skills, and a lack of functionality in the systems used. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

Exercise-based telerehabilitation for older people after TAVI, in the population as included in this study, and delivered as a web-based intervention, does not seem feasible, as 60% (8/13) of patients did not complete the study. Those completing the intervention highly appreciated the real-time feedback during the web-based training sessions. Future studies should address aspects that support retention rates and enhance patients’ information technology skills.
Digital Patient Experience: Umbrella Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Tingting , Giunti Guido , Melles Marijke , Goossens Richard
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The adoption and use of technology has significantly changed healthcare delivery. Patient experience has become a significant factor in the whole spectrum of patient-centered healthcare delivery. Digital Health (DH) is a facilitator to further improving and empowering patient experiences. The design of DH is therefore served by insights into barriers and facilitators of digital patient experience (dPEx).

OBJECTIVE

To systematically review influencing factors and design considerations of patient experiences (PEx) in DH from the literature, and to generate design guidelines for further improving PEx in DH.

METHODS

We performed an umbrella systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. We searched the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Two rounds of small random samples (20%) were independently reviewed by two reviewers who evaluated the eligibility of the articles against the selection criteria. Two-round interrater reliability was assessed through the Fleiss-Cohen coefficient (k1=.88, k2=.80). We applied thematic analysis to analyze the extracted data based on a small set of a priori categories.

RESULTS

The search resulted in 173 records, of which we selected 45 reviews for data analysis. Findings and conclusions showed a great diversity, most studies presented a set of themes (n=19) or descriptive information only (n=16). dPEx-related influencing factors were classified in nine categories: patient capability, patient opportunity, patient motivation, intervention technology, intervention functionality, intervention interaction design, organizational environment, physical environment and social environment. These can have three types of impact: positive, negative or double-edge. We captured four design constructs (personalization, information, navigation and visualization) and three design methods (human/user-centered design, co-design/participatory design, and inclusive design) as design considerations.

CONCLUSIONS

We propose the following definition for dPEx: “Digital patient experience is the sum of all interactions affected by a patient’s behavioral determinants, framed by digital technologies, and shaped by organizational culture, that influence patient perceptions across the continuum of care channeling digital health”. We produce a design and evaluation framework contains four phases, which are define design, define evaluation, design ideation and design evaluation, to help DH designers or developers think about how best to address dPEx in the whole design process. We also created nine design guidelines that considered the combination of design considerations and influencing factors to guide the design ideation process. Finally, we propose six directions for future dPEx-related research. and influencing factors for guiding the design ideation process.
SPECIFIČNOSTI I POTREBA UNAPREĐENjA VOJNE NEUTRALNOSTI REPUBLIKE SRBIJE
Authors: Milosavljević Branislav
Published: March 2022

Iako često osporavana i odbacivana kao nerealna u svetu koji je odredila vojna sila a pritom najčešće korišćena u ratne svrhe, neutralnost je i jedna od spoljnopolitičkih opcija države, u slučaju Švajcarske preko pet vekova. U savremeno doba koristi se i u periodu mira, a najčešće se analizira iz pravne ili politički vizure. Neutralnost u oba slučaja podrazumeva da će država ostati neutralna u predstojećem oružanom sukobu. Politika neutralnosti u mirnodopskom periodu je šire prihvaćena tek za vreme hladnog rata. Uprkos dugoj tradiciji i prisustvu u praksi međunarodnih odnosa, koncept neutralnosti karakteriše nedostatak jednoobraznosti kako u pogledu definicije koncepta, tako i njegovih tipova koji se odnose na širok spektar političkih fenomena, među kojima su i doktrina i praksa spoljne i bezbednosne politike.
Tadašnja Kneževina Srbija je bila neutralna država sredinom devetnaestog veka (Krimski rat 1853. godine), na šta je bila primorana kako bi sačuvala teško stečeni teritorijalni integritet. Ponovnu neutralnost Srbija je izabrala početkom XXI veka na neobičan način i u specifičnim okolnostima. Dugo godina je srpska vojna neutralnost bila „zaboravljena“, što je između ostalog imalo za posledicu nedostatak kreiranja sopstvenog konceptualnog modela neutralnog statusa. Takav status vojne neutralnosti je samo delimično otklonjen aktuelnom strategijom nacionalne bezbednosti, ali je neophodno s tim uskladiti i postojeći sistem nacionalne bezbednosti. Autor u radu analizira razvoj i specifičnost srpske vojne neutralnosti kroz strategijska određenja i politiku nacionalne bezbednosti Republike Srbije. U uvodnom delu rada, pored teorijskih razmatranja vezanih za neutralnost, analizira se Rezolucija Narodne skupštine iz ugla ograničenja vojne neutralnosti, kao i okolnosti koje su uticale na njeno oblikovanje. Pored navedenog, radom se nastoji utvrditi kompatibilnost i održivost neutralnosti u svetlu strateškog opredeljenja za pridruživanje EU, kao i određene prednosti koje vojna neutralnost pruža. U okviru razmatranja koncepta vojne neutralnosti rad će se baviti i vojno neutralnim evropskim državama kao primerima promenljivosti samog koncepta.
Analysis and Design of G+21 Building using ETABS: A Review
Authors: Ranja Abhishek Kumar , Singh Aditya Pratap , Pandey Harendra Nath
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Civil engineering is a very vast field in which planning and designing of buildings are done according to the need. As we can see that many development and changes happening in the sector of construction and everyday new commercial and residential buildings projects are initiated. So, it needs proper planning before starting the construction so that the work can be done in a cost effective way and also complete the structures as per users requirements. The ETABS is a engineering software that helps in modeling, designing and calculating loads while making a structure. It is a very useful software in civil engineering field and provide a vast methods to ease out the work of engineers. It analysis the structure in terms of static and dynamic loads. Today there is a huge scope in this field and it also gives the opportunity to many people to work it the respective field. Keyword: Definition, Objective, Design Parameters, Load and wind calculations.
Case study of Stress Calculation using Stress Superposition Method for Linear Analysis
Authors: Bagathi Sridhar Rao , Pawar Vikram Kantaram , Gummal Srinivasa Rao , Chebolu Srirama
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Stress is one of the critical designing parameters in structural analysis of any mechanical assembly. Calculation of stress and corresponding lead time also has significant role while performing any FEM analysis. This paper explores the method of calculation of stresses using Superposition principle and its applicability when multiple load cases needs to be analyzed. This paper also describes the validation procedure of the FEA results to show the correctness of the stress superposition method against actual FEM analysis. Keywords: Superposition principle, Hand calculation, FEM, linear Analysis, Rigid body elements
Effect of Heating Source on Stress Concentration and Strength of GFRP laminates
Authors: N Yathisha , S Dr. Suresha
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Composite materials are becoming the most preferred structural material because of its advantage of tailor-made properties. Minimising Stress Concentration Effect (SCF) at geometric discontinuities is very important as these regions are failure initiators. Hence in this study an attempt has been made minimize SCF in Polymer matrix composite by improving polymerization. Three heat sources were compared for this study, which includes conventional hot air, microwave and infrared heating at 140ºC for 2 hours. It was found that, selection of heating source for post curing has a considerable effect on strength of the laminates Keywords: Post curing, Stress Concentration effect, Glass Fibre Reinforcement Composites, Heating Source, Infrared, Microwave, Hot air heating
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Salbutamol Sulphate and Ambroxol Hydrochloride in Oral Liquid Dosage Form
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Bansal Mukesh , Agarwal Dilip
Published: March 2022

Pharmaceutical analysis is imported branch of science deals with to check the identity, strength, quality and purity of chemical and herbal compounds. Qualitative analysis of drugs and pharmaceutical compounds.  Quantitative analysis is of much importance and done by various methods. One of the most accurate and precise methods is spectrophotometry which comprises the measurement of intensity of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by the compound. Another most popular method of for quantitative analysis is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the present article a RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of salbutamol sulphate and ambroxol hydrochloride in oral liquid doses form and validation of the developed method. Developed methods include selection of mobile phase, chromatographic method, and wavelength whereas validation involves the system suitability, accuracy, precision, linearity, reproducibility, robustness, specificity and solution stability of the developed method. The result showed that the developed method is the best suited to the simultaneous determination of salbutamol sulphate and ambroxol hydrochloride and validated as per the standards.
Formulation, Optimised and Evaluation of Mouth dissolving film of Amoxapine
Authors: Yadav Anjudip , Tripathi Shailendra , Sharma Vandana , Soni S. L. , Tiwari Deeksha
Published: March 2022

Amoxapine is orally active, acts by decreasing the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin and used for depression. The research work was undertaken to formulate, optimize and evaluation of mouth dissolving film of amoxapine, so that rapid release of drug constituents and give faster action. Mouth dissolving film (MDF) is a better alternative compared to oral disintegrating tablet due to patient compliance. Amoxapinebelongs to Biopharmaceutics Classification System  ClassII, means drug have low solubility. The problem is resolved by using Polomer188. MDF prepared by solvent casting method. For preparation of film, hydrophilic polymers were selected as film forming polymers. Different polymers were selected such as different grades of Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulosei.e. E5, E15, E50.Selection of plasticizer was also done and PEG-400 was found best giving better results. It was found that formulation contain desiredphysio-mechanical properties.

Keywords- Depression, Patient Compliance, BCS II, Polomer188, Solvent Casting
Hepatoprotective Activity of Citrus Limetta on Wistar Albino Rats Hrishabh Jangid*, Mohammad Mukim, Rahul Ancheria, Ankit Sharma Kota College of Pharmacy, Kota, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Jangid Hrishabh , Mukim Mohammad , Ancheria Rahul , Sharma Ankit
Published: March 2022

The methanolic extract of citrus limetta (MECL) peel was screened for hepatoprotective activity in hepatotoxic wistar albino rats induced via paracetamol (PCM) and carbon tetra chloride (CCL4). Hepatoprotective activity of MECL was measured by estimating biochemical parameters such as AST (aspartate transaminase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), SGPT (serum glutamine pyruvate transferase), SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase). It was observed that administration of PCM, CCL4 decrease the level of proteins and increased the level of serum marker enzymes which is an evidence of existence of hepatotoxicity in rats. The present results provide strong evidence that MECL inhibits hepatotoxicity induced by CCL4 and PCM. The hepatoprotective action was much more significant at the dose of 2ml/kg when compared to 1mg/kg.
The A Research Article on Antistress Activity of Herbal Extract Oil of Piper Methysticum on Wistar Albino
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Mukim Mohammad , Ancheria Rahul , Jangid Hrishab
Published: March 2022

The research was carried out to determine the antistress activity of piper methysticum and the animal model used was wistar albino due to it’s worldwide acceptability in researches related to psychology .kava (piper methysticum) root  extract was used for abundance of kavlactones hence for the sake of study different percentage of suspensions like 4%, 6%, 8%, 12%, 18%, 30% were prepared and diazepam was selected as standard drug.oecd guideline 423 was followed during acute toxicity studies.no symptoms of acute toxicity was seen during 14 days observational period when given a dose of 2000 mg/kg so on this basis two dose level of 200mg/kg and  400 kg were selected for antistress activity.test model selected for antistress activity were  forced swim test, tail suspension test and anoxia stress tolerance test.for respective tests a sharp decline in duration of immobility and increase in anoxia stress tolerance was seen.hence we can conclude that piper methysticum can play a significant role in the field of treating stress after futhur  extensive clinical research.
Evaluation of Potential Drug Side Effects in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients who have been Diagnosed by Genexpert Method
Authors: Hasanah Fenny , Dasopang Eva Sartika , Bakri Tedy Kurniawan , D Darmayanto
Published: March 2022

Objective: to evaluation potential drug side effects in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients who have been diagnosed by genexpert method

Design: this research used a descriptive analysis research design. The population used in this study were MDR-TB patients at the DOTS TB and MDR TB Poly in RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan in 2017-2019, the research sample obtained was 100 patients and data collection used a cross sectional approach.

Interventions: the intervened variable were therapeutic regimen, used of additional drugs and duration of therapy

Main outcome measures: the main measurement in this study was therapeutic side effects

Results: the results showed that treatment of MDR-TB patients mostly used the standard combination regimen, namely Km-Lfx-Eto-Cs-Z- (H) - (E) as much as 35%. Side effect found was nausea at 20.55%. The use of additional vitamin B6 drugs in MDR-TB patients was 92% because treatment using kanamycin, etionamide, levofloxacin and cycloserine had side effects of peripheral neuropathy. Of the length of treatment that was still undergoing treatment in 2019, the highest number was 59%.

Conclusion: it could  be concluded the most common side effect found in the average number was nausea at 20.55% and peripheral neuropathy.
Ameliorative Effects of Indigenous Medicinal Plants against Hepatic Diseases in Southern Region of India- A Review
Authors: K Pugazhendy , P Sasikala
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Liver is an important part in human beings and plays a major role in metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics from the body.

Selection of Data: Further, hepatotoxicity is caused by different types of toxic chemicals, such as antibiotics, and chemotherapeutic agents like paracetamol (C8H9NO2), thioacetamide (C2H5NS), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), silymarin (C25H22O10), ethanol (C2H5OH), and excessive alcohol in taking and microbes are  well researched. The markedly available synthetic drugs to treat liver sickness in this condition also cause further damage to the liver. Hence herbal medicines have being become popularize and their utilized is wide-spread. In plant derived drugs have been utilized in the treatment of liver diseases for a long time and to protect a healthy liver. Liver injury induced by toxins is more common now-a-days. Herbal remedies are focused in the pharmaceutical industry to evolve a safe route for liver disorders and which is very low prize and also no side effects compared with synthetic drugs. 

Conclusion: Hence an attempt has been made to reviewed and compiled the available data on photochemical from medicinal plants that have tested in hepatoprotective models using modern scientific system.  For the present investigation the selected plants are  Avicennia alba, Anisochilus carnosus Baliospermum montanum, Centella asiatica, Clitoria ternatea, Eclipta alba, Justicia adhatada, Phyllanthus emblica, Pisonia Grandis and  Syzgium cumini .
Potential Extract Ethanol of Aloe Vera Gel as a Rejuvination Agent
Authors: Y Kartika , E.L Nyoman , F Edy , N.G Chrismis
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of aloe vera gel in inhibiting skin aging.

Method: The powder was extracted with ethanol in macerated method. Extract ethanol were analyzed for antioxidant activity with DPPH assay. Aloe vera extract that has been obtained then made variations of different extract concentrations namely 3% and 6% based on the orientation of researchers to determine the concentration, then in the formulation into gel. Anti-aging activity testing using skin analyzer tools with moisture parameters, collagen levels, pore, sensitivity before and after exposure to UV A and UV B rays.

Results: IC50 value of aloe vera extract obtained by 138.65 ppm. Based on the classification of antioxidant activity shows that IC50 value of aloe vera extract has moderate antioxidants that range from 101 to 250 ppm. The percentage of moisture content in week I to week IV, F3 has an increase of 26% i.e week 1 is 4% and week IV is 30%. The percentage of collagen levels in week I to week IV, F3 has an increase of 50% i.e week 1 is 30% and week IV is 80%. Increase in the percentage of elasticity in the week I to week IV. F3 had the highest increase of 25%, in week 1 it was 50% and week IV was 75%. A large decrease in pores occurs in weeks I through week IV. F3 had the highest decrease of 0.06 mm, in the week I was 0.07 mm and week IV was 0.01 mm.

Conclusion: Aloe vera extract gel preparation has activity as a rejuvenation agent at a concentration of 6%.
Concept of Health Across Different Ages: A Review
Authors: Talreja Shreya , Tiwari Dr. Shashank
Published: March 2022

Health is not just absence of disease rather health is a holistic well being in terms of physical, psychological as well as environmental health of an individual. At different stages of live human beings attach different meaning to the concept of health. In childhood development of the child is central to the concept of health. In this paper perception and issues of health at different stages of human life are discussed. In human life childhood is all about timely and proper development of the child physically, mentally, emotionally and socially to develop the child into a responsible adult. Children who face developmental issues or health issues receive specific kind of interventions which are absolutely needed for their condition. These interventions are different from that of adults like small dosage of medicine to children or different intervention of therapy in children than in adults. Similarly in adults the perception of health and issues of health also differ from other stages. The interventions too at this stage are highly specific to the condition those are trying to cure. Lastly in old age there is different perception of health, old aged people generally experience many physical ailments like arthritis, hearing impairment and heart related issues etc. care of these people must be done catering to their specific needs. Taking care of old people is different from that of an adult or a child. Older people need extra attention because in old age they usually are dependent on someone’s care.
Stability Indicating Method Development and Validation for Assay of Omeprazole Sodium for Injection by a Rapid RP-HPLC
Authors: Dande Aishwarya , Reddy Gummadi Rishitha , Saithya Gaddam Saithya
Published: March 2022

Omeprazole,13 a member of proton pump inhibitor, used for the treatment of peptic ulcers, it supresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting H+/K+ ATPase. A new fundamental, rapid and sensitive HPLC method was developed for the assay of Omeprazole sodium for injection. It was validated according to ICH and FDA guidelines 2. The HPLC analysis was performed on Dionex ultimate 3000 system equipped with C-18 (150cm*4.6mm) 5µ column, with a mixture of ammonium acetate and acetonitrile buffer in the ratio 65:35 v/v as the mobile phase at the wavelength (λ) 305nm. The total run time was 8 minutes. The calibration curve was linear for 50-150% range of the analytical concentration of 40mg/ml, r2 was found to be 0.9998. The precision was calculated and % RSD was 0.1 % and the recovery of omeprazole was within the range of  98-102%. Validation parameters like robustness, solution stability studies, specificity and forced degradation studies were performed and found to be within acceptance limits. As compared to other methods, this method was found to be more accurate, linear, precise and specific, with short run time. All the results were acceptable and confirmed that the method is suitable for its intended use in routine quality control analysis.
Dendrimers: Potential Drug Carrier For Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Kumar Inder , Dhiman Sunny , Palia Priyankul , Kumar Pankaj , Sharma Nishant
Published: March 2022

Dendrimers are new effectiveness of polymeric substances. They are relatively branched, monodisperse macromolecules. Structural Advantages permit dendrimers to play a critical function inside the fields of nanotechnology, pharmaceutical, and medicinal chemistry. As a result in their precise behavior dendrimers are suitable for a wide variety of biomedical and commercial packages. The paper gives a quick evaluation of dendrimers’ physicochemical properties and their possible use in various regions of research, generation, and treatment.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract From Unripe Klutuk Banana Fruit (Musa Balbisiana Colla Bb) Towards Bacterial Of Staphylococcus Aureus And Escherichia Coli
Authors: M Misrahanum , Depi Ririn Edra , Helwati Hira
Published: March 2022

Object : This study aims to look at antibacterial activity Ethanol extracts from the flesh and peel of unripe klutuk banana fruit (Musa balbisiana Colla BB) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Methods : Study included phytochemical screening, simplicial and extract characterization, antibacterial testing using a well diffusion method ethanol extracts from the flesh and peel of unripe klutuk banana fruit (Musa balbisiana Colla BB) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Results : The phytochemical test showed that both extracts contained alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and saponins. The fruit simplicial characterization of the flesh and peel contains 5% and 7.17% of water level; 14.55% and 11.61% of total ash level; 10.67% and 9.67% of water-soluble level; 9.67% and 9.67% of ethanol-soluble level. The ethanol extracts of the flesh and peel of unripe klutuk banana contains water level of 28.26% and 15.5%;total ash level of 10.16% and 14.09%; water-soluble level of 33.33% and 71.67%, and ethanol-soluble level of 69.16% and 78.33%. The highest activity of the peel ethanol extract towards S. aureus was obtained at 10% concentration with an inhibiting zone diameter of 9.3 mm and the highest activity of the flesh ethanol extract towards E. coli was obtained at 20% concentration with an inhibiting zone diameter of 8.63 mm.

Conclusion : Antibacterial activity against S. aureus by the ethanol extract from the peel was higher than ethanol extract from the flesh of the fruit. While antibacterial activity towards bacterial E. coli by the flesh of fruit showed better activity.
Preparation and Characterization of Different Types of Extruders and Its Techniques
Authors: Ogale Nikita , Kamble Komal
Published: March 2022

The study on characterization of different types of extruder such as single screw cone type, axial type extruder, radial type extruder, die roller type extruder from excipient, enzyme and silica has been performed. The primary goal of the project focuses on making pellets from MCC+LACTOSE, MCC+STARCH, Enzyme and Silica. The process is extremely encouraged in several pharmaceutical industries. The below article will help us understand various aspects of techniques used in the extrusion of pellets. The extruder process of pellets are mainly mixing and extrusion. We will also discuss about the several factors that might influence the pellet quality which includes formulation - granulating liquid, excipients; Equipment (Rapid mixer granulator, various type of extruder, and size of extrusion screen) and process (Extrusion speed, extrusion time). The characterization of the pellets includes estimation of various parameters such as  moisture content ,appearance, shape , bulk density, disintegration of the pellets are explained.
Randomized, open-label, two-way crossover bioequivalence study of Novirax (Drug International Ltd, Bangladesh) compared with Zovirax (Glaxo Wellcome, UK) – two brands of Acyclovir – in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Sarker Uttam Kumar , Hossain Mezbah , Islam Md. Atikul , Shamsuzzoha Md. , Najim Uddin Md. , Misbahuddin Mir , Mollah Md. Elias , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: March 2022

Objectives: A crossover-randomized bioequivalence study of two oral formulations of acyclovir 200 mg tablet was accomplished with 16 adults and physically fit male volunteers from Bangladesh. NOVIRAX™ (Drug International Ltd, Bangladesh) was the test variant whereas ZOVIRAX™ (GlaxoWellcome) was the reference one.

Methods: After a night fasting each volunteer was subjected to take a single dosage of tablet with 150 mL of water. After a week for complete washing out, a second dosage was applied. After that, blood samples were collected at a serial interval for a 24 hours period to observe the plasma concentration by HPLC technique. Several pharmacokinetic parameters like Cmax, Tmax, AUC0→24h, t1/2, and Kel were estimated.

Results: The mean (± SD) AUC0→24h for acyclovir of test variant NOVIRAXTM for 16 participants was 1057.5 ± 358.9 ng/hr/mL whereas it was 1134.9 ± 467.2 ng/hr/mL for acyclovir of ZOVIRAXTM. The relative bioavailability (NOVIRAXTM/ZOVIRAXTM ratio) was 93.2%. The Cmax, tmax, half-life of elimination (t1/2) and the rate of elimination (Kel) of acyclovir of test drug were 207.0 ± 86.9 ng/mL, 2.4 ± 0.4 hours, 3.2 ± 1.8 hour and 0.0898 respectively. The Cmax, tmax, half-life of elimination (t1/2) and the rate of elimination (Kel) of acyclovir of reference drug were 230.7 ± 107.2 ng/mL, 2.0 ± 0.9 hours, 2.8 ± 1.2 hour and 0.0921 respectively.

Conclusion: Depend on these statistical speculations; it was culminated that a NOVIRAX tablet is bioequivalent to a ZOVIRAX tablet.
Modulation of immune mechanisms during hepatoprotective effects of Dawa-Ul-Kurkum, a Unani polyherbal preparation in experimental model of paracetamol induced liver damage in rats
Authors: Rafi Reshi Mohd , Kavita Gulati , Arunabha Ray
Published: March 2022

Objective: Iimmunomodulatory effects of Dawa-Ul-Kurkum, a Unani polyherbal preparation and the possible mechanisms in experimental model of paracetamol induced liver damage in rats.

Materials and methods: The drug Dawa-Ul- Kurkum has been prepared and provided by CRIUM, Hyderabad. Silymarin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA) and paracetamol (marketed by Cipla LTD) purchased from general pharmacy shop. Biochemical kits were purchased from ERBA Diagonostic Mannheim Gmbh. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were estimated by Kinetic method of International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), serum bilirubin and total protein were estimated by End Point assay as per the instruction of the Kit Manufacture’s manual.Immunoglobulin and cytokine levels were assessed by ELISA kit manual method. Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction by Institoris et al method. Lipid peroxidation is measured spectrophotometrically as 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), Glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated by the method of Ellman and NOx concentrations were determined by using the Griess reaction as described previously by Tracey et al.

Results: Liver damage was induced in Wistar rats by administration of paracetamol and the effects of various drug treatments were assessed on morphological, biochemical, immunoglobulin, cytokine level and histological markers of liver toxicity. In the vehicle treated experimental group, administration of paracetamol induced significant derangements in liver function as evidenced by increased levels of SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase bilirubin and decrease in total protein, and reductions in body weight and increased liver weights as compared to controls. Histopathological examination showed Periportal necrosis with haemorrhages in experimental control. Pretreatment with Dawa-Ul-Kurkum (DK, 250 and 500 mg/kg) and hydroalcoholic extract of DK (HA, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) showed protective effects against the paracetamol induced biochemical, immunoglobulin, cytokine, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction and histopathological derangements of liver function following paracetamol. Conclusion: Both DK and its 50% hydro-alcoholic extract were found to be effective against paracetamol induced liver damage as they significantly prevented the hepatotoxic damage induced in rats.
A Review on Fast Dissolving Oral Films
Authors: R Karthik D , Keerthy H.S. , Yadav Rajkumar Prasad
Published: March 2022

Oral route are the most convenient and common route of administration of drug because of the low cost of therapy and ease of administration lead to high levels of patient compliance as in the form of tablets and capsules. Generally In some cases, the oral solid dosage form may become difficult especially in swallowing. So to overcome these problems, fast dissolving drug delivery systems have been developed which disintegrate or dissolve within one minute when placed in the mouth without water or chewing. These are the formulations administered without water. These thin sized oral film stripes are designed in such a manner for the ease administration of drug when film is placed on or under the tongue. These film enables the drug to deliver directly in to the blood stream either through buccal or sublingually. Oral films improve the onset of action, lower the dosing and enhance the bioavailability.