bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the ferroelectric characteristics of aluminum nitride‐based thin films
Authors: Deng Binghui , Zhang Yanming , Shi Yunfeng
Published: November 2023

The discovery of ferroelectricity in AlN‐based thin films, including Al1‐xScxN and Al1‐xBxN, over the past few years has spurred great research interests worldwide. In this review, we carefully examined the latest developments for these ferroelectric films with respect to alloy composition, temperature, film thickness, deposition condition, and fatigue endurance by electric field cycling. Looking ahead, there is an urgent need to resolve the challenge of large current leakage faced by these films, which necessitates a combined efforts from both simulations and experiments to identify the root cause and eventually come up with engineering strategies to suppress such leakage. In addition, overcoming the thickness scaling challenge to push ferroelectric thin film down to a few nanometers for better device miniaturization will also be of great interest. Considering the somewhat unexpected discovery of AlN‐based thin films with potential ferroelectric application, we believe that it will be also rewarding to further explore other III‐V‐based semiconductor materials.
Lattice‐mediated room temperature magnetoelectric effect in (1‐y)BiFe1‐xCrxO3‐yBaTi1‐xMnxO3 solid solutions
Authors: Zhao Gaochao , Pan Chengbing , Dong Wei , Tong Peng , Yang Jie , Zhu Xuebin , Yin Lihua , Song Wenhai , Sun Yuping
Published: November 2023

Electric field (E) control of magnetism is a persistent challenge in low‐power consumption spintronic devices. A promising way to realize this control is to use the converse magnetoelectric (ME) effect in insulating multiferroics. Here, we report considerable and repeatable E‐modulated magnetization (M) at room temperature and even at 350 K via the significantly enhanced converse ME effect near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the Cr‐Mn co‐doped (1‐y)BiFe1‐xCrxO3‐yBaTi1‐xMnxO3 (0.15 ≤ y ≤ 0.33, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03) solid solutions. In situ X‐ray diffraction and Raman scattering experiments at different applied E for the sample near the MPB (i.e., y = 0.27, x = 0.03) show E‐induced shift, broadening, and splitting in the {002}PC reflection, as well as a nearly monotonous variation in intensity of several phonon modes with E, reminiscent of the E‐dependent M behavior. These results indicate that both E‐induced lattice distortion and phase transformation dominate the converse ME effects in these samples. Our demonstration of the E‐regulation of magnetism via the E‐sensitive crystal structures in designed insulating multiferroics near MPB may suggest a potential route to obtain efficient low‐power spintronic devices.
Study of the overwintering ecology of the hazelnut pest, Palomena prasina (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in a perspective of Integrated Pest Management
Authors: Driss Laetitia , Hamidi Rachid , Andalo Christophe , Magro Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Palomena prasina, the green shield bug (GSB), is widely distributed in the Eurosiberian region. In the Southwest of France, it is considered as a serious pest of hazelnuts, its feeding punctures lead to blank hazelnuts and kernel necrosis, causing heavy losses in commercial orchards. To date, no Integrated Pest Management strategy is available to control P. prasina. Control strategies often focus on the pests' spring–summer ecology, when they are in the field or in the vicinity of crops. However, the abundance of pest populations in crops is also related to their autumn‐winter ecology. The present work focussed on the autumn‐winter ecology of P. prasina to identify new opportunities for this pest suppression. We investigate (i) where P. prasina overwinters, (ii) if it aggregates in its overwintering sites and (iii) if it mates while overwintering. Samples were collected over a 2‐year period in different ecosystems (forests, hedges, orchards), in human‐made structures and habitats (litter, bushes/trees, dead trees). The reproductive status of GBS individuals was monitored in winter, and in spring when they emerged from overwintering sites. Our results show that 97% P. prasina adults overwinter in the leaf litter of orchards and natural ecosystems and that 70% overwinter individually. The abundance of GSB in those sites is negatively correlated with litter temperature and positively correlated with humidity levels. Furthermore, adults only mate after leaving their overwintering site. Finally, unexpectedly, there was an important number of overwintering adults hosting endoparasitoids (32%). The fact that GSB overwinters alone in the leaf litter means controlling its populations by destroying the overwintering sites is not a solution. All the same, our results point out some promising lines of research for developing methods to control P. prasina. First, the emergence traps, in particular the cone traps, proved efficient for collecting emerging adults and could be considered for monitoring. Moreover, our observations suggest the existence of long‐range mating signals that could be exploited for trapping. Last but not least, the important number of overwintering parasitised adults is a potential biocontrol avenue.
Analyzing the utility of renal replacement therapy to manage hepatorenal syndrome in alcoholic hepatitis without liver transplantation: a nationwide analysis
Authors: Farooq Umer , Tarar Zahid Ijaz , El Alayli Abdallah , Kamal Faisal , Niu Chengu , Qureshi Kamran
Published: November 2023

Background

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) frequently complicates alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and portends poor survival in this population. Published literature indicates mixed benefits from renal replacement therapy (RRT) for HRS refractory to medical management. Therefore, we sought to assess the utilization of RRT in AH and clinical outcomes at a national level.

Methods

Using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes, we identified adult patients with AH with a coexisting diagnosis of HRS from the National Readmission Database 2016 through 2019. Mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization were compared. We compared proportions using the Fisher exact test and computed adjusted P‐values based on multivariate regression analysis. Analyses were performed using Stata, version 14.2, considering a two‐sided P < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results

A total of 73 203 patients with AH were included in the analysis (mean age 46.2 years). A total of 3620 individuals had HRS diagnosis (5%), of which 14.7% (n: 532) underwent RRT. HRS patients receiving RRT had a higher mortality rate than those who did not (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–2.6, P: 0.01), along with higher resource utilization. Only those patients with HRS who underwent liver transplantation (LT) experienced a mortality reduction (24.4% for those not receiving RRTs and 36.5% for those receiving RRT).

Conclusions

RRT is associated with higher mortality and morbidity when offered to patients with AH and HRS, who do not undergo LT. Therefore, our results suggest careful selection of AH patients when deciding to initiate RRT for HRS.
Nurse practitioners' use of diagnostic imaging: A scoping review
Authors: Kearns Mary , Brennan Patrick , Buckley Thomas
Published: November 2023

Aim

To explore the nature and extent of peer‐reviewed literature related to the use of diagnostic imaging by nurse practitioners (NPs) to inform future practice and research.

Background

Nurse practitioners undertake advanced assessment, diagnosis, and management of patients, including requesting and interpretation of diagnostic imaging. It is unclear what evidence exists related to the quality use of radiological investigations by NPs in recent years.

Design

A scoping review based on the steps suggested by the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Methods

A structured review of the databases Medline, CINAHL and Embase was undertaken using the keywords and MESH terms ‘nurse practitioner’, ‘medical imaging’, ‘diagnostic imaging’, ‘scan’ and ‘radiography’. Only English language articles were included, and no date limit was applied. Database review was completed on 30 May 2021.

Results

Eight themes were identified—country and clinical context, requesting diagnostic imaging, performing diagnostic imaging, image‐guided interventions, interpreting diagnostic imaging, training education and knowledge, impact on resource usage and comparison with medical practitioners. There were more studies across a greater breadth of clinical specialties and imaging modalities in the United States than in other countries. Nurse practitioner practice is frequently benchmarked against that of medical colleagues. There is a paucity of studies focusing on educational preparation and the lack of relevant university curricula for NPs around diagnostic imaging.

Conclusion

There are significant gaps in the evidence outside of the United States across several of the identified themes. Further studies are needed to explore NP access to and use of diagnostic imaging and to understand the barriers and facilitators to this.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Studies from four countries were included in this review. The evidence suggests that, where studied, nurse practitioners (NPs) can safely and appropriately request and interpret plain x‐rays in the emergency and minor injuries setting. Further research is needed to evaluate the educational needs of NPs in relation to diagnostic imaging and their use of advanced imaging techniques, particularly outside of the United States.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Obfuscation and Rational Inattention*
Authors: Janssen Aljoscha , Kasinger Johannes
Published: November 2023

We study the behavior of duopolistic firms that can obfuscate their prices before competing on price. Obfuscation affects the rational inattentive consumers' optimal information strategy, which determines the probabilistic demand. Our model advances related models by allowing consumers to update their unrestricted prior beliefs with an informative signal of any form. We show that the game may result in an obfuscation equilibrium with high prices or a transparency equilibrium with low prices and no obfuscation, providing an argument for market regulation. Obfuscation equilibria cease to exist for low information costs and if one firm seems a priori considerably more attractive.
The making of neoliberal legality: the legal imagination of business elites and the ‘social constitutionalization’ of ‘free enterprise’ in Latin America
Authors: VALENZUELA RICARDO , CORDERO RODRIGO
Published: November 2023

The ‘free enterprise’ system is a normative cornerstone of many Latin American political constitutions and a formative principle of neoliberal legality. However, the way in which this economic model shapes the legal field and conceptions of the rule of law remains understudied. Though lawyers, judges, and legal experts have played an important role in the legal buttressing of the free enterprise model, this article explores the shaping of neoliberal legality from the periphery of the juridical system. We argue that the rise of neoliberal legality in Latin America owes much to the legal imaginary crafted by business associations. In line with this, we examine the ‘norm entrepreneurship’ undertaken since the 1940s by an organization barely noted in mainstream histories of neoliberalism: the Inter‐American Council for Commerce and Production (IACCP). Drawing on the concept of social constitutionalism and archival work, we investigate the IACCP's role in the struggle to give business activities social legitimacy and establish free enterprise as a socio‐legal norm and a source of public law.
Mappings of generalized finite distortion and continuity
Authors: Doležalová Anna , Kangasniemi Ilmari , Onninen Jani
Published: November 2023

We study continuity properties of Sobolev mappings , , that satisfy the following generalized finite distortion inequality
for almost every . Here and are measurable functions. Note that when , we recover the class of mappings of finite distortion, which are always continuous. The continuity of arbitrary solutions, however, turns out to be an intricate question. We fully solve the continuity problem in the case of bounded distortion , where a sharp condition for continuity is that is in the Zygmund space for some . We also show that one can slightly relax the boundedness assumption on to an exponential class with , and still obtain continuous solutions when with . On the other hand, for all with , we construct a discontinuous solution with and , including an example with and .
TLR/mTOR inflammatory signaling pathway: novel insight for the treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Lashgari Naser-Aldin , Roudsari Nazanin Momeni , Shamsnia Hedieh Sadat , Shayan Maryam , Momtaz Saeideh , Abdolghaffari Amir Hossein
Published: November 2023

The Toll-like receptor (TLR)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is involved in the intracellular regulation of protein synthesis, specifically the ones that mediate neuronal morphology and facilitate synaptic plasticity. The activity of TLR/mTOR signaling has been disrupted, leading to neurodevelopment and deficient synaptic plasticity, which are the main symptoms of schizophrenia. The TLR receptor activates the mTOR signaling pathway and increases the elevation of inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-6 is the most commonly altered cytokine, while IL-1, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon (IFN) also lead to SCZ. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agents such as celecoxib, aspirin, minocycline, and omega-3 fatty acids have shown efficiency against SCZ. As a result, inhibition of the inflammatory process could be suggested for the treatment of SCZ. So mTOR/TLR blockers represent the treatment of SCZ due to their inflammatory consequences. The objective of the present work was to find a novel anti-inflammatory agent that may block the mTOR/TLR inflammatory signaling pathways and might pave the way for the treatment of neuroinflammatory SCZ. Data were collected from experimental and clinical studies published in English between 1998 and October 2022 from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane library.
Contact non-squeezing and orderability via the shape invariant
Authors: Cant Dylan
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we prove a contact non-squeezing result for a class of embeddings between starshaped domains in the contactization of the symplectization of the unit cotangent bundle of certain manifolds. The class of embeddings includes embeddings which are not isotopic to the identity. This yields a new proof that there is no positive loop of contactomorphisms in the unit cotangent bundles under consideration. The arguments are inspired by the shape invariant introduced by Sikorav and Eliashberg.
Large Deflection and Post-Buckling Analysis of Cantilever Nanorods Including Effects of Couple and Surface Stresses by Intrinsic Coordinate Finite Elements
Authors: Prasittikulwat Sitti , Pulngern Tawich , Chucheepsakul Somchai , Phungpaingam Boonchai
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a novel approach to the analysis of large deflection and post-buckling behavior of cantilever nanorods under different load conditions. The proposed approach utilizes a variational method, incorporating the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity theory and the consistent couple stress theory to account for size-dependency effects. By accounting for the strain energy contributions of the bulk material, surface layer, and load conditions, this approach expresses the behavior of the nanorods in terms of their intrinsic coordinates. A finite element method was used to solve this numerical problem, generating a system of non-linear equations that were iteratively solved using the Newton–Raphson method. The results obtained from the finite element method were confirmed by those from the shooting method. Also, it highlights the effectiveness of the variational model in predicting the large deflection and post-buckling behavior of cantilever nanorods while considering both surface stress and couple stress effects. Furthermore, the study investigated the influence of surface stress and couple stress on the response of the nanorods to point and uniform loads. The results showed that incorporating both effects enhanced the stiffness of the nanorods compared to scenarios in which these effects were neglected. In addition, the couple stress effect was found to have a greater influence on the stiffening of nanorods for the same value of unitless parameters compared to surface stress effects. These findings offer valuable insights into the large deflection and post-buckling behavior of cantilever nanorods and highlight the importance of surface stress and couple stress effects. The model proposed in this study has potential applications in advanced technological device designs by providing a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical response of nanorods, allowing for more accurate predictions and enhanced device performance.
Fluctuating Wind Load Properties on the Surface of Inverted Umbrella-Shaped Membrane Structure Group
Authors: Chen Yang , Yu Zhixiang , Chen Xiaoxiao , Liu Zhixiang , He Huan
Published: November 2023

In the ABL wind tunnel, three inverted umbrella-shaped membrane structure groups were subjected to simultaneous pressure measurement model test. Time series of the fluctuating wind pressure were collected from 24 different wind angles. Upon examining the correlation coefficient of the fluctuating wind pressure between the upper and lower surfaces at the same pressure tap, it was discovered that the fluctuating wind pressure of the upwind roof exhibited asynchronous changes, which is a characteristic of a negative correlation area and has detrimental effects on the structure’s wind resistance. The local areas with non-Gaussian properties were evaluated by analyzing the probability density function of representative pressure taps. The mechanism behind non-Gaussian wind pressure was elucidated through considerations of the central limit theorem and spatial correlation of fluctuating wind pressure. This study introduces a quantitative classification criterion for identifying the non-Gaussian distribution area of fluctuating wind pressure, setting the threshold at an 80% cumulative probability for both skewness and kurtosis. The analysis showed that the steady airflow of the structure corresponds to the Gaussian distribution area, while the non-Gaussian distribution area is primarily concentrated at the front edge of the upwind roof and the rear edge of the downwind roof. To ascertain the peak factor for the non-Gaussian distribution, the improved peak factor method was utilized, providing insights into the range of peak factor in the non-Gaussian distribution area of this particular roof configuration. This information serves as a foundation for the wind resistance design of this structure.
Intermittency phenomena for mass distributions of stochastic flows with interaction
Authors: Dorogovtsev Andrey Anatoliyevich , Weiss Alexander
Published: November 2023

The intermittency phenomenon is the occurrence of very high but rare peaks in the density, which despite their rarity influence the asymptotic behavior of the underlying system. Mathematically this can be characterized with the asymptotics of moments. In this paper, we show the existence of intermittency phenomena for SDEs with interaction with dissipative coefficients by showing uniform convergence of their Lyapunov exponents.
THE INFLUENCE OF SEX FACTOR ON THE MODELING OF THE HUMAN HAND/ARM INTERACTING WITH A TELEOPERATION SYSTEM
Authors: KADKHODAZADE MAHSHAD , POURMOKHTARI MINA , YAZDANKHOO BEHNAM , BEIGZADEH BORHAN
Published: November 2023

This paper addresses the lack of research on the dynamical differences between male and female hand/arm models during interaction with haptic systems. A linear one-degree-of-freedom experiment is designed using the Novint Falcon robot for this aim. To compare the differences, the study analyzes the pole, stiffness, and damping of a first-order two-parameter spring–damper model. The Mann–Whitney U and Fligner-Killeen tests were used to explore the homogeneity in medians and variances of the groups. The results indicate that there is no significant difference in the median values of poles and stiffnesses between male and female models. However, there is a statistically significant difference in the damping coefficient with a 0.05 significance level and a p-value of 0.0361. Regarding variances, the statistical measures do not indicate any significant differences between each sex. However, the p-value of 0.0669 for the stiffness parameter suggests that the stiffness parameters of the aforementioned groups may come from different distributions.
How Do Natural Resource Rents Affect the Ecological Footprint? A Study for 24 Nations
Authors: Zambrano-Monserrate Manuel A. , Ormeño-Candelario Vanessa
Published: November 2023

The main objective of this study was to analyse the disaggregated effect of natural resource rents on the ecological footprint in 24 countries. The impact of rents from oil, natural gas and minerals was examined. Using the CS-ARDL approach, it was found that these natural resources increase the ecological footprint, albeit by different amounts. For example, oil rents have a greater impact on the environment than natural gas and mineral rents. The latter generate less environmental pollution. In addition, using the approach of Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012), a bidirectional relationship was found between oil rents and the ecological footprint. A similar result was obtained between mineral rents and this indicator of environmental degradation. This implies that, if countries decide to reduce their ecological footprint, the rents they derive from these resources will be affected. Therefore, it is essential that nations promote environmentally friendly natural resource extraction practices, using advanced technologies aligned with sustainable development principles. In the case of natural gas rents, these were found to cause an impact on the ecological footprint without feedback effects. This means that countries can be sure that decreasing their ecological footprint will not have an economic impact in relation to the rents they earn from natural gas. Therefore, countries are encouraged to continue to promote the sustainable extraction of this resource.
Continuous dependence of curvature flow on initial conditions
Authors: Dobbins Michael Gene
Published: November 2023

We study the evolution of a Jordan curve on the two-sphere by curvature flow, also known as curve shortening flow, and by level-set flow, which is a weak formulation of curvature flow. We show that the evolution of the curve depends continuously on the initial curve in Fréchet distance in the case where the curve bisects the sphere. This even holds in the limit as time goes to infinity. This builds on Joseph Lauer’s work on existence and uniqueness of solutions to the curvature flow problem on the sphere when the initial curve is not smooth.
Multi-Modal Multi-Channel American Sign Language Recognition
Authors: Vahdani Elahe , Jing Longlong , Huenerfauth Matt , Tian Yingli
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based multi-stream framework to recognize American Sign Language (ASL) manual signs and nonmanual gestures (face and head movements) in real time from RGB-D videos. Our approach is based on 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D CNNs) by fusing the multi-modal features including hand gestures, facial expressions, and body poses from multiple channels (RGB, Depth, Motion, and Skeleton joints). To learn the overall temporal dynamics in a video, a proxy video is generated by selecting a subset of frames for each video which are then used to train the proposed 3D CNN model. We collected a new ASL dataset, ASL-100-RGBD, which contains 42 RGB-D videos captured by a Microsoft Kinect V2 camera. Each video consists of 100 ASL manual signs, along with RGB channel, Depth maps, Skeleton joints, Face features, and HD face. The dataset is fully annotated for each semantic region (i.e. the time duration of each sign that the human signer performs). Our proposed method achieves 92.88% accuracy for recognizing 100 ASL sign glosses in our newly collected ASL-100-RGBD dataset. The effectiveness of our framework for recognizing hand gestures from RGB-D videos is further demonstrated on a large-scale dataset, ChaLearn IsoGD, achieving the state-of-the-art results.
SAGA: A Scalable Framework for Optimizing Data Cleaning Pipelines for Machine Learning Applications
Authors: Siddiqi Shafaq , Kern Roman , Boehm Matthias
Published: November 2023

In the exploratory data science lifecycle, data scientists often spent the majority of their time finding, integrating, validating and cleaning relevant datasets. Despite recent work on data validation, and numerous error detection and correction algorithms, in practice, data cleaning for ML remains largely a manual, unpleasant, and labor-intensive trial and error process, especially in large-scale, distributed computation. The target ML application---such as classification or regression models---can be used as a signal of valuable feedback though, for selecting effective data cleaning strategies. In this paper, we introduce SAGA, a framework for automatically generating the top-K most effective data cleaning pipelines. SAGA adopts ideas from Auto-ML, feature selection, and hyper-parameter tuning. Our framework is extensible for user-provided constraints, new data cleaning primitives, and ML applications; automatically generates hybrid runtime plans of local and distributed operations; and performs pruning by interesting properties (e.g., monotonicity). Instead of full automation---which is rather unrealistic---SAGA simplifies the mechanical aspects of data cleaning. Our experiments show that SAGA yields robust accuracy improvements over state-of-the-art, and good scalability regarding increasing data sizes and number of evaluated pipelines.
Energy-Aware Adaptive Mixed-Criticality Scheduling with Semi-Clairvoyance and Graceful Degradation
Authors: Zhang Yi-Wen , Zheng Hui , Gu Zonghua
Published: November 2023

The classic Mixed-Criticality System (MCS) task model is a non-clairvoyance model in which the change of the system behavior is based on the completion of high-criticality tasks while dropping low-criticality tasks in high-criticality mode. In this paper, we simultaneously consider graceful degradation and semi-clairvoyance in MCS. We first propose the analysis for adaptive mixed-criticality with semi-clairvoyance denoted as C-AMC-sem. The so-called semi-clairvoyance refers to the system’s behavior change being revealed at the time that jobs are released. Moreover, we propose a new algorithm based on C-AMC-sem to reduce energy consumption. Finally, we verify the performance of the proposed algorithms via experiments upon synthetically generated tasksets. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform the existing algorithms.
Multistream BertGCN for Sentiment Classification Based on Cross-Document Learning
Authors: Li Meng , Xie Yujin , Yang Weifeng , Chen Shenyu
Published: November 2023

Very recently, the BERT graph convolutional network (BertGCN) model has attracted much attention from researchers due to its good text classification performance. However, just using original documents in the corpus to construct the topology of graphs for GCN-based models may lose some effective information. In this paper, we focus on sentiment classification, an important branch of text classification, and propose the multistream BERT graph convolutional network (MS-BertGCN) for sentiment classification based on cross-document learning. In the proposed method, we first combine the documents in the training set based on within-class similarity. Then, each heterogeneous graph is constructed using a group of combinations of documents for the single-stream BertGCN model. Finally, we construct multistream-BertGCN (MS-BertGCN) based on multiple heterogeneous graphs constructed from different groups of combined documents. The experimental results show that our MS-BertGCN model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on sentiment classification tasks.
Exploring Consumer and Producer Views of Verjuice: A Grape-Based Product Made from Viticultural Waste
Authors: Dupas de Matos Amanda , Maggs Robyn , Hort Joanne
Published: November 2023

The wine sector is actively working to add value, increase sustainability, and reduce waste streams. One great example is to use thinned grapes, that are usually left to rot, to make verjuice. As verjuice has no identity standard, there is a wide scope for producers to innovate. Decisions regarding sensory characteristics and packaging are currently made by the verjuice producers, mainly winegrowers and winemakers but also chefs, without fully understanding the needs and wants of consumers. Using discussion groups and interviews, this study explored both consumer and producer views towards commercial verjuice regarding perceived sensory characteristics, possible end-uses, packaging, and desirable label elements. Similarities and differences were discovered between consumer views and verjuice producer practices. Consumers reported a diverse range of attributes beyond the sourness and sweetness that was the focus of producers, indicating potential for a broader range of applications of verjuice than currently considered. Sweeter variants were generally preferred for drinking, while sourer ones were favoured for cooking, although exceptions to this trend existed across consumers. Additionally, a mismatch between producer packaging choices and consumer preferences was identified, highlighting potential for producers to optimise packaging to better cater to consumer needs. This research explored an opportunity to create verjuice with desirable sensory characteristics for specific end-uses, providing product diversification for the wine industry’s revenue stream. Uncovering these consumer insights is key to better inform promotion of verjuice by producers and the agrifood sector seeking to enhance the value of their by-products.
Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Triclosan in Human Urine
Authors: Karikari Prince , Oppong-Kyekyeku James , Ekuadzi Edmund , Bekoe Samuel Oppong , Opoku Rita , Amprako Daniel Nimako , Addo-Yobo Emmanuel , Owusu Sandra Kwarteng , Arhin Bernard , Falade Adegoke G. , Arinola Ganiyu , Bakarey Adeleye S. , Anetor John I. , Mortimer Kevin J.
Published: November 2023

Triclosan (TCS), a synthesized chlorinated phenolic compound, is commonly utilized in consumable products as an antimicrobial agent. TCS has sparked widespread awareness because of its toxicity and possible negative effect on public health in recent years. In this study, a highly sensitive, fast, and cost-effective isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method coupled with solid-phase extraction for analysis of triclosan in human urine samples was developed. The method utilized methanol and water in a ratio of 90 : 10 as the mobile phase on a Phenomenex Luna 3 µm C18(2) 100 Å, 150 × 4.60 mm stationary phase, with a runtime of 5 minutes. The method showed good resolution of triclosan in the presence of the sample matrix. Validation of the method was performed according to the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). Linearity was tested over a range of 0.00625 µg/mL to 6.4 µg/mL, as accuracy recorded a recovery of 89.25%, 91.0%, and 92.75%. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were obtained to be 0.0173 µg/mL and 0.0525 µg/mL, respectively. The method proved to be robust over a temperature range of 26°C, 30°C, and 35°C and a flow rate of 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, and 1.5 ml. The developed method was employed to detect and quantify triclosan in 153 urine samples, comprising 60 samples from Ibadan, Nigeria, and 93 samples from Kumasi, Ghana. Triclosan was detected in a total of 52 samples with an average content of 0.054588 µg/ml. This method can therefore be used for the routine analysis of triclosan in urine samples.
Antimicrobial-Resistance Profile of Helicobacter pylori, Obtained from Endoscopic Patients in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Erkihun Mulat , Chanie Desalegn Nigatu , Siraj Yesuf Adem
Published: November 2023

Background. Antimicrobial resistance for Helicobacter pylori infection is a highly emerging problem throughout the world to treat gastric-associated diseases. People living in developing countries are more likely to acquire a Helicobacter pylori infection and less likely to gate treatment after infection due to poverty. Therefore, the current study was aimed at determining the magnitude and antibiotic-resistance profile of Helicobacter pylori isolated from patients who underwent endoscopic examination. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2019 at endoscopy service-providing health facilities that are found in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (Gamby teaching general hospital, Kidane Mihret specialty higher clinic, and Eyasta specialty higher clinic). Data were collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire. Antibiotic susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori isolates from gastric biopsies was determined. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results. The 17.8% proportion of Helicobacter pylori was isolated from 135 endoscopy-examined patients (24/135). The majority of isolates (71% of 17/24) were from males, while only 29% of 7/24) were from females. Antimicrobial-resistance of Helicobacter pylori was high to all commonly prescribed antibiotics: amoxicillin and metronidazole (91.7%), clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin (66.7% each), and tetracycline (37.5%). Conclusion. Helicobacter pylori isolates from the current study participants were rather low in number. But the highest antibiotic-resistance profile of Helicobacter pylori was observed. Therefore, these findings alarmingly indicate that routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing against Helicobacter pylori isolates is crucial for better patient management.
Induction Toripalimab and Chemotherapy for Organ Preservation in Locally Advanced Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer: A Single-Arm Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Ou Xiaomin , Zhai Ruiping , Wei Wenjun , Chen Jiaying , Ou Dan , Liao Tian , Xu Tingting , Zhu Yongxue , Wang Yulong , Huang Shenglin , Shi Rongliang , Wu Bin , Chen Tongzhen , Li Yuan , Yang Zhongyi , Zhou Changming , Liu Yuan , Jiang Ziting , Zeng Min , Liu Xin , Ji Dongmei , Ying Hongmei , Zhang Zhen , Hu Chaosu , Lu Xueguan , Ji Qinghai , He Xiayun , Wang Yu
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, toxicities, and potential role of larynx preservation of induction chemotherapy combined with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor in locally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.

Patients and Methods:

This is a single-arm phase II study. Patients with histopathologically confirmed, resectable locally advanced laryngeal/hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status 0–1 were eligible. Three cycles of induction chemotherapy (paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 d1, cisplatin 25 mg/m2 d1–3) combined with PD-1 inhibitor (toripalimab 240 mg d0) were administered. Response assessment was performed after induction chemoimmunotherapy using RECIST 1.1 criteria. Patients with a complete/partial response of the primary tumor received concurrent chemoradiation, followed by maintenance therapy of toripalimab. Otherwise, patients were referred to surgery, followed by adjuvant (chemo) radiation and maintenance therapy of toripalimab. The primary endpoint is a larynx preservation rate at 3 months postradiation.

Results:

Twenty-seven patients were enrolled. Most cases exhibited stage IV disease (81.5%), with T4 representing 37.0%. Five patients underwent pretreatment tracheostomy because of impaired larynx function. Overall response rate of induction chemoimmunotherapy was 85.2%. At 3 months postradiation, the larynx preservation rate was 88.9%. With a median follow-up of 18.7 months, the 1-year overall survival rate, progression-free survival rate, and larynx preservation rate were 84.7%, 77.6%, and 88.7%, respectively. When excluding those with pretreatment tracheostomy, the 1-year larynx preservation rate was 95.5%. Exploratory analysis revealed that relapse correlated with enrichment of RNA signature of hypoxia and M2 macrophage–associated genes.

Conclusions:

Induction toripalimab combined with chemotherapy provided encouraging activity, promising larynx preservation rate and acceptable toxicity in this cohort of extensively locally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.
Radiation Synergizes with IL2/IL15 Stimulation to Enhance Innate Immune Activation and Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Huntoon Kristin , Wang Yifan , Lee DaeYong , Dong Shiyan , Antony Abin , Walkey Carl , Kim Betty Y.S. , Jiang Wen
Published: November 2023

Ionizing radiation is known to possess immune modulatory properties. However, how radiotherapy (RT) may complement with different types of immunotherapies to boost antitumor responses is unclear. In mice implanted with EO771 syngeneic tumors, NL-201 a stable, highly potent CD25-independent agonist to IL2 and IL15 receptors with enhanced affinity for IL2Rβγ was given with or without RT. Flow analysis and Western blot analysis was performed to determine the mechanisms involved. STING (−/−) and CD11c+ knockout mice were implanted with EO771 tumors to confirm the essential signaling and cell types required to mediate the effects seen. Combination of RT and NL-201 to enhance systemic immunotherapy with an anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor was utilized to determine tumor growth inhibition and survival, along characterization of tumor microenvironment as compared with all other treatment groups. Here, we showed that RT, synergizing with NL-201 produced enhanced antitumor immune responses in murine breast cancer models. When given together, RT and NL-201 enhanced activation of the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of IFN genes (cGAS-STING) pathway, resulting in increased type I IFN production in dendritic cells (DC), and consequently greater tumor infiltration and more efficient priming of antigen-specific T cells. The immune stimulatory mechanisms triggered by NL-201 and RT resulted in superior tumor growth inhibition and survival benefit in both localized and metastatic cancers. Our results support further preclinical and clinical investigation of this novel synergism regimen in locally advanced and metastatic settings.
TABLE 4 from Risk Prediction of Metachronous Colorectal Cancer from Molecular Features of Adenomas: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Jodal Henriette C. , Akwiwu Eddymurphy U. , Lemmens Margriet , Delis-van Diemen Pien M. , Klotz Dagmar , Leon Leticia G. , Lakbir Soufyan , de Wit Meike , Fijneman Remond J.A. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Dekker Evelien , Spaander Manon C.W. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Løberg Magnus , Coupé Veerle M.H. , Kalager Mette , Carvalho Beatriz
Published: November 2023

Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis to determine the joint association of age, the presence of AA, molecular high-risk adenoma (CAEs, any DNA CNAs) with the development of a me-CRC
TABLE 3 from Risk Prediction of Metachronous Colorectal Cancer from Molecular Features of Adenomas: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Jodal Henriette C. , Akwiwu Eddymurphy U. , Lemmens Margriet , Delis-van Diemen Pien M. , Klotz Dagmar , Leon Leticia G. , Lakbir Soufyan , de Wit Meike , Fijneman Remond J.A. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Dekker Evelien , Spaander Manon C.W. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Løberg Magnus , Coupé Veerle M.H. , Kalager Mette , Carvalho Beatriz
Published: November 2023

Univariate conditional logistic regression analysis to determine the association of the presence of AA, molecular high-risk adenoma (CAEs, any DNA CNAs, losses, or gains) with the development of a me-CRC
TABLE 2 from Risk Prediction of Metachronous Colorectal Cancer from Molecular Features of Adenomas: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Jodal Henriette C. , Akwiwu Eddymurphy U. , Lemmens Margriet , Delis-van Diemen Pien M. , Klotz Dagmar , Leon Leticia G. , Lakbir Soufyan , de Wit Meike , Fijneman Remond J.A. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Dekker Evelien , Spaander Manon C.W. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Løberg Magnus , Coupé Veerle M.H. , Kalager Mette , Carvalho Beatriz
Published: November 2023

Characteristics of matched cases and controls of the adenoma cohort
Supplementary Figure 1 from Risk Prediction of Metachronous Colorectal Cancer from Molecular Features of Adenomas: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Jodal Henriette C. , Akwiwu Eddymurphy U. , Lemmens Margriet , Delis-van Diemen Pien M. , Klotz Dagmar , Leon Leticia G. , Lakbir Soufyan , de Wit Meike , Fijneman Remond J.A. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Dekker Evelien , Spaander Manon C.W. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Løberg Magnus , Coupé Veerle M.H. , Kalager Mette , Carvalho Beatriz
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Figure 1. Comparison of losses between cases and controls.
FIGURE 2 from Risk Prediction of Metachronous Colorectal Cancer from Molecular Features of Adenomas: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Jodal Henriette C. , Akwiwu Eddymurphy U. , Lemmens Margriet , Delis-van Diemen Pien M. , Klotz Dagmar , Leon Leticia G. , Lakbir Soufyan , de Wit Meike , Fijneman Remond J.A. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Dekker Evelien , Spaander Manon C.W. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Løberg Magnus , Coupé Veerle M.H. , Kalager Mette , Carvalho Beatriz
Published: November 2023

Proportion of molecular high-risk adenomas among the AAs (A) and non-AAs (B). Molecular high-risk adenomas are defined by the presence of ≥2 CAEs.
Data from Risk Prediction of Metachronous Colorectal Cancer from Molecular Features of Adenomas: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Jodal Henriette C. , Akwiwu Eddymurphy U. , Lemmens Margriet , Delis-van Diemen Pien M. , Klotz Dagmar , Leon Leticia G. , Lakbir Soufyan , de Wit Meike , Fijneman Remond J.A. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Dekker Evelien , Spaander Manon C.W. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Løberg Magnus , Coupé Veerle M.H. , Kalager Mette , Carvalho Beatriz
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Current morphologic features defining advanced adenomas (size ≥10 mm, high-grade dysplasia or ≥25% villous component) cannot optimally distinguish individuals at high risk or low risk of metachronous colorectal cancer (me-CRC), which may result in suboptimal surveillance. Certain DNA copy-number alterations (CNAs) are associated with adenoma-to-carcinoma progression. We aimed to evaluate whether these molecular features can better predict an individual's risk of me-CRC than the morphologic advanced adenoma features.

In this nested case–control study, 529 individuals with a single adenoma at first colonoscopy were selected from a Norwegian adenoma cohort. DNA copy-number profiles were determined, by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing. Prevalence of CNAs in advanced and non-advanced adenomas and its association (OR) with me-CRC was assessed. For the latter, cases (with me-CRC) were matched to controls (without me-CRC) on follow-up, age and sex.

CNAs associated with adenoma-to-carcinoma progression were observed in 85/267 (32%) of advanced adenomas and in 27/262 (10%) of non-advanced adenomas. me-CRC was statistically significantly associated, also after adjustment for other variables, with age at baseline [OR, 1.14; 95% confidence interval CI), 1.03–1.26; P = 0.012], advanced adenomas (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.50–4.01; P < 0.001) and with the presence of ≥3 DNA copy-number losses (OR, 1.90; 95% CI. 1.02–3.54; P = 0.043).

Molecularly-defined high-risk adenomas were associated with me-CRC, but the association of advanced adenoma with me-CRC was stronger.
Significance:
Identifying new biomarkers may improve prediction of me-CRC for individuals with adenomas and optimize surveillance intervals to reduce risk of colorectal cancer and reduce oversurveillance of patients with low risk of colorectal cancer. Use of DNA CNAs alone does not improve prediction of me-CRC. Further research to improve risk classification is required.
Panorama atual do direito romano e da ciência romanística no Brasil
Authors: Marchi Eduardo Cesar Silveira Vita
Published: November 2023

O artigo faz uma retrospectiva do direito romano e da ciência romanística no Brasil, especialmente a partir da exclusão do caráter obrigatório da disciplina no programa de estudos das faculdades de direito, no início dos anos setenta do século passado, e do covarde e injusto ataque acadêmico lançado contra ela por uma parte dos historiadores e filósofos do direito. O estudo termina com um louvor à chamada “Escola Paulista de Direito Romano”, pertencente à pública Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo, pela resistência em conservar a disciplina romanística como obrigatória, e pelas altas contribuições científicas produzidas por aquele grupo de pesquisa.
Análise da natureza jurídica do dízimo sob a perspectiva do direito civil contratual
Authors: Vinhas Tiago Cação , André Victor Conte , Nunes Thaís Silva
Published: November 2023

O dízimo é uma figura histórica de longa data, presente no imaginário social, cultural e religioso da sociedade brasileira. Todavia, na contemporaneidade, diversos casos de pessoas que destinaram parte de seu patrimônio às instituições religiosas e depois se arrependeram são levados ao Judiciário que, por sua vez, não possui entendimento pacificado sobre o tema. Diante disso, este artigo busca analisar a natureza do dízimo enquanto contrato de doação, sob a perspectiva do Direito Civil Contratual, explorando os requisitos do art. 538 do Código Civil, o atual entendimento jurisprudencial, as perspectivas doutrinárias e os aspectos sociais, econômicos e religiosos do tema. Conclui-se, então, que o dízimo pode ser considerado não apenas um dever moral e religioso, mas também, sob o aspecto jurídico, um contrato de doação.
Alocação orçamentária: o embate entre técnica e política
Authors: Faria Rodrigo Oliveira de
Published: November 2023

O objetivo central deste artigo é o de problematizar a questão dos contornos jurídicos das definições alocativas, no contexto de intensa defesa de um processo de alocação tecnoburocrático que se pretende isento e imparcial e de severas críticas às definições políticas. Apresentam-se argumentos para salientar que, muito embora custos e benefícios quantificáveis sejam fundamentais para o processo decisório alocativo, a escolha do gasto público se dá no âmbito da seleção entre objetivos e fins concorrentes, sendo, fundamentalmente, política. Ademais, pretende-se investigar os requisitos e exigências constitucionais, legais e regimentais para a propositura de emendas parlamentares, cotejando tais requisitos mínimos com a jurisprudência recente do Supremo Tribunal Federal e, ainda, do Tribunal de Contas da União. As decisões mais recentes do TCU e do STF sinalizam para a introdução de exigências não previstas expressamente na Carta Política de 1988, bem como na legislação que rege a matéria, com consequências nada triviais para o processo alocativo no âmbito do Congresso Nacional. Como fontes de pesquisa, utilizam-se, para além da legislação que rege a propositura das emendas parlamentares, os relatórios de auditoria e acórdãos do TCU que trataram do tema, bem como as decisões do STF sobre as emendas parlamentares, além de ser utilizada pesquisa bibliográfica e doutrinária para a fundamentação dos argumentos deste artigo.