bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eliminating the interference of water for direct sensing of submerged plastics using hyperspectral near-infrared imager
Authors: Zhu Chunmao , Kanaya Yugo
Published: October 2023

Interference from water in the reflectance spectra of plastics is a major obstacle to optical sensing of plastics in aquatic environments. Here we present evidence of the feasibility of sensing plastics in water using hyperspectral near-infrared to shortwave-infrared imaging techniques. We captured hyperspectral images of nine polymers submerged to four depths (2.5–15 mm) in water using a hyperspectral imaging system that utilizes near-infrared to shortwave-infrared light sources. We also developed algorithms to predict the reflectance spectra of each polymer in water using the spectra of the dry plastics and water as independent variables in a multiple linear regression model after a logarithmic transformation. A narrow 1100–1300 nm wavelength range was advantageous for detection of polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride in water down to the 160–320 µm size range, while a wider 970–1670 nm wavelength range was beneficial for polypropylene reflectance spectrum prediction in water. Furthermore, we found that the spectra of the other five polymers, comprising polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, phenol formaldehyde, polyacetal, and polymethyl methacrylate, could also be predicted within their respective optimized wavelength ranges. Our findings provide fundamental information for direct sensing of plastics in water on both benchtop and airborne platforms.
Deep learning and clustering approaches for dental implant size classification based on periapical radiographs
Authors: Park Ji-Hyun , Moon Hong Seok , Jung Hoi-In , Hwang JaeJoon , Choi Yoon-Ho , Kim Jong-Eun
Published: October 2023

This study investigated two artificial intelligence (AI) methods for automatically classifying dental implant diameter and length based on periapical radiographs. The first method, deep learning (DL), involved utilizing the pre-trained VGG16 model and adjusting the fine-tuning degree to analyze image data obtained from periapical radiographs. The second method, clustering analysis, was accomplished by analyzing the implant-specific feature vector derived from three key points coordinates of the dental implant using the k-means++ algorithm and adjusting the weight of the feature vector. DL and clustering model classified dental implant size into nine groups. The performance metrics of AI models were accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). The final DL model yielded performances above 0.994, 0.950, 0.994, 0.974, 0.952, 0.994, and 0.975, respectively, and the final clustering model yielded performances above 0.983, 0.900, 0.988, 0.923, 0.909, 0.988, and 0.947, respectively. When comparing the AI model before tuning and the final AI model, statistically significant performance improvements were observed in six out of nine groups for DL models and four out of nine groups for clustering models based on AUC-ROC. Two AI models showed reliable classification performances. For clinical applications, AI models require validation on various multicenter data.
Phase transformations and vibrational properties of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite MAPbI3 bulk at high pressure
Authors: Ardimas  , Pakornchote Teerachote , Sukmas Wiwittawin , Chatraphorn Sojiphong , Clark Stewart J. , Bovornratanaraks Thiti
Published: October 2023

The structural stability and internal properties of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have been widely investigated over the past few years. The interplay between organic cations and inorganic framework is one of the prominent features. Herein we report the evolution of Raman modes under pressure in the hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite MAPbI$$_3$$

3

by combining the experimental approach with the first-principles calculations. A bulk MAPbI$$_3$$

3

single crystal was synthesized via inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) technique and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, while the diamond anvil cells (DACs) was employed to compress the sample. The classification and behaviours of their Raman modes are presented. At ambient pressure, the vibrations of inorganic PbI$$_6$$

6

octahedra and organic MA dominate at a low-frequency range (60–760 cm$$^{-1}$$

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1

) and a fingerprint range (900–1500 cm$$^{-1}$$

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1

), respectively. The applied pressure exhibits two significant changes in the Raman spectrum and indicates of phase transition. The results obtained from both experiment and calculations of the second phase at 3.26 GPa reveal that the internal vibration intensity of the PbI$$_6$$

6

octahedra (< 110 cm$$^{-1}$$

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1

) reduces as absences of MA libration (150–270 cm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

) and internal vibration of MA (450–750 cm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

). Furthermore, the hydrogen interactions around 1300 cm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

remain strong high pressure up to 5.34 GPa.
Load-sharing characteristics of stenting and post-dilation in heavily calcified coronary artery
Authors: Dong Pengfei , Colmenarez Jose , Lee Juhwan , Hassani Neda Shafiabadi , Wilson David L. , Bezerra Hiram G. , Gu Linxia
Published: October 2023

In this work, stenting in non-calcified and heavily calcified coronary arteries was quantified in terms of diameter-pressure relationships and load transfer from the balloon to the artery. The efficacy of post-dilation in non-calcified and heavily calcified coronary arteries was also characterized in terms of load sharing and the changes in tissue mechanics. Our results have shown that stent expansion exhibits a cylindrical shape in non-calcified lesions, while it exhibits a dog bone shape in heavily calcified lesions. Load-sharing analysis has shown that only a small portion of the pressure load (1.4 N, 0.8% of total pressure load) was transferred to the non-calcified lesion, while a large amount of the pressure load (19 N, 12%) was transferred to the heavily calcified lesion. In addition, the increasing inflation pressure (from 10 to 20 atm) can effectively increase the minimal lumen diameter (from 1.48 to 2.82 mm) of the heavily calcified lesion, the stress (from 1.5 to 8.4 MPa) and the strain energy in the calcification (1.77 mJ to 26.5 mJ), which are associated with the potential of calcification fracture. Results indicated that increasing inflation pressure can be an effective way to improve the stent expansion if a dog bone shape of the stenting profile is observed. Considering the risk of a balloon burst, our results support the design and application of the high-pressure balloon for post-dilation. This work also sheds some light on the stent design and choice of stent materials for improving the stent expansion at the dog bone region and mitigating stresses on arterial tissues.
Rollator usage lets young individuals switch movement strategies in sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks
Authors: Herzog Michael , Krafft Frieder C. , Stetter Bernd J. , d’Avella Andrea , Sloot Lizeth H. , Stein Thorsten
Published: October 2023

The transitions between sitting and standing have a high physical and coordination demand, frequently causing falls in older individuals. Rollators, or four-wheeled walkers, are often prescribed to reduce lower-limb load and to improve balance but have been found a fall risk. This study investigated how rollator support affects sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements. Twenty young participants stood up and sat down under three handle support conditions (unassisted, light touch, and full support). As increasing task demands may affect coordination, a challenging floor condition (balance pads) was included. Full-body kinematics and ground reaction forces were recorded, reduced in dimensionality by principal component analyses, and clustered by k-means into movement strategies. Rollator support caused the participants to switch strategies, especially when their balance was challenged, but did not lead to support-specific strategies, i.e., clusters that only comprise light touch or full support trials. Three strategies for sit-to-stand were found: forward leaning, hybrid, and vertical rise; two in the challenging condition (exaggerated forward and forward leaning). For stand-to-sit, three strategies were found: backward lowering, hybrid, and vertical lowering; two in the challenging condition (exaggerated forward and forward leaning). Hence, young individuals adjust their strategy selection to different conditions. Future studies may apply this methodology to older individuals to recommend safe strategies and ultimately reduce falls.
Local monitoring of photosensitizer transient states provides feedback for enhanced efficiency and targeting selectivity in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Sandberg Elin , Srambickal Chinmaya V. , Piguet Joachim , Liu Haichun , Widengren Jerker
Published: October 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) fundamentally relies on local generation of PDT precursor states in added photosensitizers (PS), particularly triplet and photo-radical states. Monitoring these states in situ can provide important feedback but is difficult in practice. The states are strongly influenced by local oxygenation, pH and redox conditions, often varying significantly at PDT treatment sites. To overcome this problem, we followed local PDT precursor state populations of PS compounds, via their fluorescence intensity response to systematically varied excitation light modulation. Thereby, we could demonstrate local monitoring of PDT precursor states of methylene blue (MB) and IRdye700DX (IR700), and determined their transitions rates under different oxygenation, pH and redox conditions. By fiber-optics, using one fiber for both excitation and fluorescence detection, the triplet and photo-radical state kinetics of locally applied MB and IR700 could then be monitored in a tissue sample. Finally, potassium iodide and ascorbate were added as possible PDT adjuvants, enhancing intersystem crossing and photoreduction, respectively, and their effects on the PDT precursor states of MB and IR700 could be locally monitored. Taken together, the presented procedure overcomes current methodological limitations and can offer feedback, guiding both excitation and PDT adjuvant application, and thereby more efficient and targeted PDT treatments.
Automation at the service of the study of executive functions in preclinical models
Authors: Zoratto Francesca , Pisa Edoardo , Soldati Claudia , Barezzi Caterina , Ottomana Angela Maria , Presta Martina , Santangelo Valerio , Macrì Simone
Published: October 2023

Cognitive flexibility involves the capability to switch between different perspectives and implement novel strategies upon changed circumstances. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (in humans) and the Attentional Set-Shifting Task (ASST, in rodents) evaluate individual capability to acquire a reward-associated rule and subsequently disregard it in favour of a new one. Both tasks entail consecutive stages wherein subjects discriminate between: two stimuli of a given category (simple discrimination, SD); the stimuli of SD confounded by an irrelevant stimulus of a different category (compound discrimination, CD); different stimuli belonging to the SD category (intradimensional shift, IDS); and two stimuli of the confounding category (extradimensional shift, EDS). The ASST is labour intensive, not sufficiently standardised, and prone to experimental error. Here, we tested the validity of a new, commercially available, automated version of ASST (OPERON) in two independent experiments conducted in: different mouse strains (C57BL/6 and CD1 mice) to confirm their differential cognitive capabilities (Experiment 1); and an experimental model of chronic stress (administration of corticosterone in the drinking water; Experiment 2). In both experiments, OPERON confirmed the findings obtained through the manual version. Just as in Experiment 1 both versions captured the deficit of C57BL/6 mice on the reversal of the CD (CDR), so also in Experiment 2 they provided analogous evidence that corticosterone treated mice have a remarkable impairment in the IDS. Thus, OPERON capitalises upon automated phenotyping to overcome the limitation of the manual version of the ASST while providing comparable results.
Acute and subchronic exposure to urban atmospheric pollutants aggravate acute respiratory failure in infants
Authors: Neto Amanda Barbosa , Ferraro Alexandre A. , Vieira Sandra E.
Published: October 2023

Urban air pollution is a major factor that affects the respiratory health of children and adolescents. Less studied is exposure during the first two years of life. This study analyzed the influence of acute and subchronic exposure to urban air pollutants on the severity of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in the first two years of life. This population-based study included 7364 infants hospitalized with ARF. Acute exposure was considered to have occurred 1, 3 and 7 days before hospitalization and subchronic exposure was considered the mean of the last 30 and 60 days. We found that for acute exposure, significant increases in days of hospitalization (LOS) occurred at lag 1 day for NO2 (0.24), SO2 (6.64), and CO (1.86); lag 3 days for PM10 (0.30), PM2.5 (0.37), SO2 (10.8), and CO (0.71); and lag 7 days for NO2 (0.16), SO2 (5.07) and CO (0.87). Increases in the risk of death occurred at lag 1 day for NO2 (1.06), SO2 (3.64), and CO (1.28); and lag 3 days for NO2 (1.04), SO2 (2.04), and CO (1.19). Subchronic exposures at 30 and 60 days occurred for SO2 (9.18, 3.77) and CO (6.53, 2.97), respectively. The associations were more pronounced with higher temperatures and lower relative humidity levels. We concluded that acute and subchronic exposure to higher atmospheric concentrations of all the pollutants studied were associated with greater severity of ARF. The greatest increases in LOS and risk of death occurred with hot and dry weather.
Vector potential dual effect of promoting the proliferation of chondrocytes and inhibiting the calcification process in the articular cartilage
Authors: Suito Hirai , Minamizono Wataru , Yashima Nao , Matsunaga Hiroya , Fujikawa Kaoru , Ohsako Masafumi
Published: October 2023

OA commonly affects the articular cartilage of the tibia, and its calcification worsens its advancement and its prevalence has recently increased. Vector potential (VP) represents a novel physical therapy for treating OA. Since the impact of VP on articular cartilage remains unknown, we aimed to assess its effects on articular cartilage and its potential as a new treatment for OA. Here, we divided 24 male Wistar rats, 6-week-old, into control (CO, n = 12) and VP stimulus (n = 12) groups (VP conditions: volt, 67 mV; frequency, 20 kHz; current, 0.12 mA; experimental frequency, 30 min/days, 5 days/week, and 3 weeks). Articular cartilage can be classified into four layers: superficial, medial, deep, and calcified. Moreover, the number of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage was higher in the CO group compared to the VP group, although the calcified layer was thinner in the VP group. Furthermore, MKi67 exhibited higher expression in the VP group than in the CO group, while ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 was downregulated in the VP group. Our findings indicate that VP positively influenced chondrocyte proliferation and inhibited calcification in articular cartilage. Thus, VP stimulation may assist in the development of novel strategies for preventing OA.
Replacement of saturated fatty acids with linoleic acid in western diet attenuates atherosclerosis in a mouse model with inducible ablation of hepatic LDL receptor
Authors: Burr Stephanie D. , Chen Yongbin , Hartley Christopher P. , Zhao Xianda , Liu Jun
Published: October 2023

Dietary saturate fatty acids (SFAs) have been consistently linked to atherosclerosis and obesity, both of which are characterized by chronic inflammation and impaired lipid metabolism. In comparison, the effects of linoleic acid (LA), the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet, seem to diverge. Data from human studies suggest a positive association between high dietary intake of LA and the improvement of cardiovascular risk. However, excessive LA intake has been implicated in the development of obesity. Concerns have also been raised on the potential pro-inflammatory properties of LA metabolites. Herein, by utilizing a mouse model with liver-specific Ldlr knockdown, we directly determined the effects of replacing SFAs with LA in a Western diet on the development of obesity and atherosclerosis. Specifically, mice treated with a Ldlr ASO were placed on a Western diet containing either SFA-rich butter (WD-B) or LA-rich corn oil (WD-CO) for 12 weeks. Despite of showing no changes in body weight gain or adiposity, mice on WD-CO exhibited significantly less atherosclerotic lesions compared to those on WD-B diet. Reduced lesion formation in the WD-CO-fed mice corresponded with a reduction of plasma triglyceride and cholesterol content, especially in VLDL and LDL, and ApoB protein levels. Although it increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver, WD-CO did not appear to affect hepatic injury or damage when compared to WD-B. Collectively, our results indicate that replacing SFAs with LA in a Western diet could reduce the development of atherosclerosis independently of obesity.
Control of stochastic and inverse stochastic resonances in a liquid-crystal electroconvection system using amplitude and phase noises
Authors: Huh Jong-Hoon , Shiomi Masato , Miyagawa Naoto
Published: October 2023

Stochastic and inverse stochastic resonances are counterintuitive phenomena, where noise plays a pivotal role in the dynamics of various biological and engineering systems. Even though these resonances have been identified in various systems, a transition between them has never been observed before. The present study demonstrates the presence of both resonances in a liquid crystal electroconvection system using combined amplitude and phase noises, which correspond to colored noises with appropriate cutoff frequencies (i.e., finite correlation times). We established the emergence of both resonances and their transition through systematic control of the electroconvection threshold voltage using these two noise sources. Our numerical simulations were experimentally confirmed and revealed how the output performance of the system could be controlled by combining the intensity and cutoff frequency of the two noises. Furthermore, we suggested the crucial contribution of a usually overlooked additional phase noise to the advancements in various noise-related fields.
An interventional clinical trial investigating the effects of Spirulina platensis on dental fluorosis and antioxidant system in lambs reared in endemic areas
Authors: Rahim Abdellatif , Sibaoueih Mounia , Essamadi Adekhalid , El Amiri Bouchra
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Spirulina platensis primary against dental fluorosis and secondary against oxidative stress in lambs reared in endemic fluorosis areas. Forty-eight lambs aged 5 months were divided into four equal groups (each one including 6 males and 6 females). Groups I and II served as controls belonging respectively to fluorosis-free (Settat) and endemic fluorosis (El Fokra) areas, while the other two Groups III and IV (belonging to El Fokra) received respectively a fixed daily intake of 250 and 500 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) of Spirulina platensis. The experiment was carried out for 13 months until the adult incisors appeared for all animals. According to the Dean’s Fluorosis Index (DFI), 500 mg/kg BW/day of Spirulina platensis (Group IV) protected against dental fluorosis. Moreover, in both male and female lambs, this dose significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced the plasmatic levels of fluoride, proteins, GSH, and MDA compared to the Group II. Furthermore, enzymatic activities of catalase and SOD increased significantly (p < 0.0001) in male and female lambs of the Group IV as compared to Group II. In conclusion, our findings support the potential use of Spirulina platensis as a valuable solution for addressing fluorosis in sheep, warranting further clinical trials.
Effects of masculinity vs. femininity on competence judgement of politician faces and election outcome prediction
Authors: Cheung Olivia S. , Jintcharadze Davit
Published: October 2023

First impressions of politician faces can be effective in predicting election outcomes, based on perceived competence from candidate photographs. However, it remains unclear whether such effects arose from facial features or other non-facial information present in the photographs (e.g. hairstyles, clothes, or poses). In four pre-registered studies, participants completed two tasks in a counter-balanced order: rating competence of individually presented faces and predicting election outcome of each pair of winner and runner-up faces. We examined competence judgment and election outcome prediction on faces from male politicians depicted on original portraits (Experiment 1), or on computer-generated faces with facial features extracted from the portraits (Experiment 2). The faces were then either masculinized or feminized (Experiments 3 and 4). We found that competence ratings were significantly higher for winners than runners-up and that winners were more likely predicted to win the elections than runners-up in all but Experiment 4, where faces of the winners were feminized and faces of the runners-up were masculinized. Regardless of facial feature changes, correlations were found between competence ratings and election outcome prediction. These findings suggest that facial features are critical for evaluating competence and predicting election outcome, and that masculine features may enhance stereotypical leadership impressions.
Bioinoculants as a means of increasing crop tolerance to drought and phosphorus deficiency in legume-cereal intercropping systems
Authors: Benmrid Bouchra , Ghoulam Cherki , Zeroual Youssef , Kouisni Lamfeddal , Bargaz Adnane
Published: October 2023

Ensuring plant resilience to drought and phosphorus (P) stresses is crucial to support global food security. The phytobiome, shaped by selective pressures, harbors stress-adapted microorganisms that confer host benefits like enhanced growth and stress tolerance. Intercropping systems also offer benefits through facilitative interactions, improving plant growth in water- and P-deficient soils. Application of microbial consortia can boost the benefits of intercropping, although questions remain about the establishment, persistence, and legacy effects within resident soil microbiomes. Understanding microbe- and plant-microbe dynamics in drought-prone soils is key. This review highlights the beneficial effects of rhizobacterial consortia-based inoculants in legume-cereal intercropping systems, discusses challenges, proposes a roadmap for development of P-solubilizing drought-adapted consortia, and identifies research gaps in crop-microbe interactions.
Ultrabroadband terahertz-band communications with self-healing bessel beams
Authors: Reddy Innem V.A.K. , Bodet Duschia , Singh Arjun , Petrov Vitaly , Liberale Carlo , Jornet Josep M.
Published: October 2023

The large available bandwidth at sub-terahertz and terahertz frequencies has the potential to enable very high data rates for wireless communications. Moreover, given the large electrical size of terahertz antenna apertures, many future terahertz communication systems will likely operate in the near field. However, due to their reliance on highly directional beams, terahertz systems are susceptible to blockage. Here, we propose using Bessel beams to overcome issues caused by blockage due to their diffraction-free nature and self-healing properties in the near field. We compare the performance of information-bearing Bessel beams and Gaussian beams with and without an obstacle. We later discuss the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces to construct terahertz Bessel beams. Finally, we propose a metric to quantify the quality of imperfectly generated terahertz Bessel beams and explore their ability to self-heal. The results demonstrate that Bessel beams are an attractive option for near-field terahertz communications, especially when mitigating the effects of partial blockage.
Ambient Ionisation Mass Spectrometry for Microbial Analysis
Authors: Strittmatter N.
Published: October 2023

This chapter discusses applications of ambient ionisation mass spectrometry techniques in the analysis of samples of microbial origin, their applications in bacterial speciation using fingerprinting and biomarker approaches and their deployment in natural product research and biotechnology. The methodologies covered range from screening of microbial cultures to imaging intermicrobial communication in biofilms.
Mass Spectrometry-based Microbial Identification and Profiling for Environmental Science
Authors: Cameron Simon J. S.
Published: October 2023

The identification of microorganisms in environmental science is a key component in the process of understanding community structure, function, and interactions. For the past two decades, this process has relied on the use of molecular profiling methods to sequence DNA and RNA. Although informative, this approach is limited in terms of functional understanding of microbial communities in environmental processes and systems. Mass spectrometry (MS) offers novel analytical approaches to both culture-dependent and culture-independent microbial identification and functional profiling, and holds potential to provide ever greater insight into microbial community structure and function in the environmental sciences. This chapter explores the requirement for microbial identification in the environmental sciences and MS methods for both culture-dependent and culture-independent identification. It goes on to discuss the role of MS in functional profiling of microbial communities in environmental science and combines MS with identification methods in several case studies. Finally, the chapter ends with a discussion of the future role and opportunities of MS in microbial research within the environmental sciences.
Substituted kynurenic acid derivatives as fluorophore-based probes for d- and l-amino acid oxidase assays and their in vitro application in eels
Authors: Sakamoto Tatsuya , Onozato Mayu , Sugasawa Hiroshi , Fukushima Takeshi
Published: October 2023

Fluorescent probes, 2-MePh-d-KYN and 2-MePh-l-KYN, for detecting d- and l-amino acid oxidase activity, were newly developed respectively. The 2-MePh-d-KYN was successfully applied to detect d-amino acid oxidase activity in eel liver and kidney.
Crystal plane-integrated strontium oxide/hexagonal boron nitride nanohybrids for rapid electrochemical sensing of anticancer drugs in human blood serum samples
Authors: Muthukumaran Magesh Kumar , Govindaraj Muthukumar , Raja Bharathi Kannan , J Arockia Selvi
Published: October 2023

A SrO/h-BN composite was successfully fabricated for the first time, realizing excellent 5-fluorouracil (an anticancer drug) sensing with extremely high sensitivity, low detection limit, wide detection range, good selectivity and stability.
Highly sensitive determination of l-glutamic acid in pig serum with an enzyme-free molecularly imprinted polymer on a carbon-nanotube modified electrode
Authors: Yu Xin-Yao , He Jun-Yi , Tang Fei , Yu Peng , Wu Ling , Xiao Zhong-Liang , Sun Li-Xian , Cao Zhong , Yu Donghong
Published: October 2023

An enzyme-free molecularly imprinted sensor with MWCNTs was developed through electrochemical polymerization using l-Glu as a template and 4,6-diaminoresorcinol as a monomer, providing a simple and accurate way for assay of l-Glu in life science.
Zirconium-based metal–organic framework loaded agarose hydrogels for fluorescence turn-on detection of nerve agent simulant vapor
Authors: Lei You , Gao Yuting , Xiao Yi , Huang Pengcheng , Wu Fang-Ying
Published: October 2023

Zirconium-based metal–organic framework loaded agarose hydrogels realized fluorescence turn-on detection of nerve agent simulant vapor simply and visually.
A QR code-integrated chromogenic paper strip for detection of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous samples
Authors: Rai Pawankumar , Verma Suryansh , Mehrotra Srishti , Sharma Sandeep K.
Published: October 2023

Method and QR code-integrated chromogenic paper strip for detection of hydrogen peroxide.
Unexpected mechanically robust ionic conductive elastomer constructed from an itaconic acid-involved polymerizable DES
Authors: Jin Yongtian , Li Jintao , Zhang Mingzu , He Jinlin , Ni Peihong
Published: October 2023

A novel ionic conductive elastomer is constructed from a ternary polymerizable DES containing choline chloride, acrylic acid and itaconic acid, which can boost synergetic hydrogen bonds and greatly enhance the mechanical strength of elastomer.
High-order harmonic generation by aligned homonuclear diatomic cations
Authors: Milošević Dejan B. , Habibović Dino
Published: October 2023

We introduce the theory of high-order harmonic generation by homonuclear diatomic cations. The elliptically polarised harmonics can be produced using the orthogonal two-colour field and the cations whose molecular orbital does not have nodal planes.
Supersonic jet chirped pulse microwave spectroscopy of ring-like methanol : water pentamers
Authors: Mastin E. M. , Dutton S. E. , Blake G. A.
Published: October 2023

The potential energy surfaces of pure methanol and mixed methanol–water pentamers have been explored using chirped pulse Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy aided by ab initio calculations.
A room-temperature gas sensor based on 2D Ni–Co–Zn ternary oxide nanoflakes for selective and sensitive ammonia detection
Authors: Karmakar Sourav , Sett Avik , Maity Palash Chandra , Karmakar Gairik , Sha Rinky , Bhattacharyya Tarun Kanti , Lahiri Indranil
Published: October 2023

This is the first demonstration on room-temperature NH3 gas sensor using only NiCo2ZnO4.
Lactate induces the development of beige adipocytes via an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Esaki Nana , Matsui Toshiro , Tsuda Takanori
Published: October 2023

Oral intake of lactate induces beige adipocyte formation in inguinal white adipose tissue via an elevation of ROS production.
Lignin-containing biodegradable UV-blocking films: a review
Authors: Wang Danning , Gu Yuanjie , Feng Shu , Yang Weisheng , Dai Hongqi , Xiao Huining , Han Jingquan
Published: October 2023

The present paper comprehensively reviews the research status on the preparation and application of lignin-containing biodegradable UV-blocking films, and the effect of lignin on the mechanical and optical properties of films.
Simulating excited states in metal organic frameworks: from light-absorption to photochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Ingham Michael , Aziz Alex , Di Tommaso Devis , Crespo-Otero Rachel
Published: October 2023

Quantum chemical simulations have shed light on the complex photochemical processes occurring within metal–organic frameworks. This perspective explores the computational techniques used to describe the excited states of MOFs, considering molecular, periodic, and embedding models.
Designing photoaffinity tool compounds for the investigation of the DENV NS2B–NS3 protease allosteric binding pocket
Authors: Maus Hannah , Gellert Andrea , Englert Olivia R. , Chen Jia-Xuan , Schirmeister Tanja , Barthels Fabian
Published: October 2023

Photoaffinity labelling tool compounds were synthesised to investigate the allosteric binding on the DENV protease, elucidating the allosteric pocket.
Development of self-cooperative nanochaperones with enhanced activity to facilitate protein refolding
Authors: Yang Menglin , Zhang Yanli , Deng Fei , Wu Xiaohui , Chen Yujie , Ma Feihe , Shi Linqi
Published: October 2023

A self-cooperative nanochaperone mimics the cooperation of Hsp40 with Hsp70 was reported. The Hsp40-mimetic facilitates the transfer of client protein into the Hsp70-mimetic hydrophobic microdomain, significantly enhancing the chaperone activity.
Correction: Generation of β-like cell subtypes from differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells in 3D spheroids
Authors: Morisseau Lisa , Tokito Fumiya , Poulain Stéphane , Plaisance Valérie , Pawlowski Valérie , Kim Soo Hyeon , Legallais Cécile , Jellali Rachid , Sakai Yasuyuki , Abderrahmani Amar , Leclerc Eric
Published: October 2023

Correction for ‘Generation of β-like cell subtypes from differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells in 3D spheroids’ by Lisa Morisseau et al., Mol. Omics, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3mo00050h.
A selenoureido-iminoglycolipid transported by zeolitic-imidazolate framework nanoparticles: a novel antioxidant therapeutic approach
Authors: Guerrero Fátima , Carmona Andrés , Vidal Victoria , Franco Ana , Martín-Malo Alejandro , Sánchez-Fernández Elena M. , Carrillo-Carrión Carolina
Published: October 2023

The controlled encapsulation of a Se-containing glycomimetic into zeolitic-imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles resulted in an effective antioxidant nanoplatform (DSeU@ZIF8), which allowed protecting endothelial cells from oxidative stress damage.
Gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of imazalil
Authors: Xu Xinxin , Wu Aihong , Guo Lingling , Kuang Hua , Xu Liguang , Xu Chuanlai , Liu Liqiang
Published: October 2023

IMZ haptens have been synthesized for mice immunization and sensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) were produced against IMZ.
Preparation of functionalised heteropolyacid ionic liquids and their application in catalytic degradation of bottle-grade polyester
Authors: Liu Bo , Liu Bing , Liao Zhangbin , Zhang Jialin , Guo Liying
Published: October 2023

This research study is related to an environmentally friendly process method for catalytic degradation of bottle-grade PET by using ionic liquid catalysts.
Assessing the evolution of oxygenated functional groups on the graphene oxide surface upon mild thermal annealing in water
Authors: Amato Francesco , Ferrari Irene , Motta Alessandro , Zanoni Robertino , Dalchiele Enrique A. , Marrani Andrea Giacomo
Published: October 2023

The fate of epoxide and hydroxyl moieties on the graphene oxide is analyzed under mild thermal conditions (50–80 °C range) in water.
A simple one step synthesis of magnetic-optical dual functional ZIF-8 in a sodalite phase for magnetically guided targeting bioimaging and drug delivery
Authors: Sun Xujian , Yang Zhichao , Zhang Man , Gao Xuechuan
Published: October 2023

This study used a simple one pot method to prepare magnetic-optical bifunctional ZIF-8 for tumor targeting, biological imaging, and drug delivery.
Efficient electrochemical upgradation strategies for the biomass derivative furfural
Authors: Li Xinxin , Cong Linchuan , Lin Nan , Tang Cheng
Published: October 2023

This review interprets the electro-oxidation/reduction and paired electrochemical reactions of furfural from the perspective of energy optimization, with a focus on the study of electrocatalysts, mechanisms, and reactors.
Simultaneously enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells and suppressing lead leakage via an interface modification strategy
Authors: Gao Yushuang , He Zhengyan , Geng Quanming , Jia Xiangrui , Zhang Shufang , Wang Dehua
Published: October 2023

The non-radiative recombination caused by perovskite and its relevant interfaces greatly impedes further improvement of the efficiency and stability of PSCs, hindering their further commercialization.
Enhanced brightness of ultra-small gold nanoparticles in the second biological window through thiol ligand shell control
Authors: Mohammad Walaa , Wegner K. David , Comby-Zerbino Clothilde , Trouillet Vanessa , Ogayar Marina Paris , Coll Jean-luc , Marin Riccardo , Garcia Daniel Jaque , Resch-Genger Ute , Antoine Rodolphe , Le Guével Xavier
Published: October 2023

Near-infrared absorption and photoluminescence in the second biological window of ultra-small gold nanoparticles could be tuned by controlling the physicochemical properties of the ligand shell.
Electronically triggered tunable terahertz signal observed in LPCVD grown single layer graphene
Authors: Sharma Saloni , Rane Shreeya , Srivastava Shubhda , Ansari Z. A. , Chowdhury Dibakar Roy , Gupta Bipin Kumar
Published: October 2023

An electronically triggered tuneable THz characteristic of SLG has been proposed to design next-generation THz quantum devices.
Unsupervised and interpretable track‐to‐track association based on homography estimation of radar bias
Authors: Wei Xiong , Pingliang Xu , Yaqi Cui
Published: October 2023

Track‐to‐track association methods based on machine learning and deep learning have greatly improved the association results, but the scope of application is limited by the poor interpretability and manual association labelling. To enhance the interpretability of the neural networks, enhance the credibility of association decisions, and reduce the consumption for labelling associated track pairs, the authors estimate and counteract radar bias by homography estimation to achieve track‐to‐track association. The proposed model is composed of a mixing extraction module and a homography estimation module. Aiming at the interaction of temporal and spatial features of tracks, the spatial‐temporal mixing features are extracted by a mixing extraction module. Focusing on attaining explainable discriminant factors, the homography matrix is generated by the homography estimation module. Targeting at the unsupervised learning, the radar bias and association matrix are estimated jointly so that the labelled track association pairs are not demanded. Finally, a track from one radar is transformed into the other radar, and the homography matrix that counteracts the radar bias can provide explainable discriminant factors and make the association decision more credible. Extensive experiments demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve better association results and the association results can be well interpreted.
Accurate and experimentally validated transition data for Si I and Si II
Authors: Pehlivan Rhodin A. , Hartman H. , Nilsson H. , Jönsson P.
Published: October 2023

Aims. The aim of this study is to provide radiative data for neutral and singly ionised silicon, in particular for the first experimental oscillator strengths for near-infrared Si I lines. In addition, we aim to perform atomic structure calculations both for neutral and singly ionised silicon while including lines from highly excited levels.

Methods. We performed large-scale atomic structure calculations with the relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method using the GRASP2K package to determine log(𝑔ƒ) values of Si I and Si II lines, taking into account valence-valence and core-valence electron correlation. In addition, we derived oscillator strengths of near-infrared Si I lines by combining the experimental branching fractions with radiative lifetimes from our calculations. The silicon plasma was obtained from a hollow cathode discharge lamp, and the intensity-calibrated high-resolution spectra between 1037 and 2655 nm were recorded by a Fourier transform spectrometer.

Results. We provide an extensive set of accurate experimental and theoretical log(𝑔ƒ) values. For the first time, we derived 17 log(𝑔ƒ) values of Si I lines in the infrared from experimental measurements. We report data for 1500 Si I lines and 500 Si II lines. The experimental uncertainties of our ƒ-values vary between 5% for the strong lines and 25% for the weak lines. The theoretical log(𝑔ƒ) values for Si I lines in the range 161 nm to 6340 nm agree very well with the experimental values of this study and complete the missing transitions involving levels up to 3s23p7s (61 970 cm−1). In addition, we provide accurate calculated log(𝑔ƒ) values of Si II lines from the levels up to 3s27f (122 483 cm−1) in the range 81 nm to 7324 nm.
Enabling discoveries of Solar System objects in large alert data streams
Authors: Le Montagner R. , Peloton J. , Carry B. , Desmars J. , Hestroffer D. , Mendez R. A. , Perlbarg A. C. , Thuillot W.
Published: October 2023

Context. With the advent of large-scale astronomical surveys, such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and the forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), the number of alerts generated by transient, variable, and moving astronomical objects is growing rapidly, reaching millions of alerts per night. Concerning the minor planets of the Solar System, their identification requires linking the alerts for many observations over a potentially lengthy period of time, leading to a very large combinatorial number.

Aims. The goal is to demonstrate how a third-party module dedicated to the identification of new minor planets of the Solar System can be integrated with the Fink alert broker real-time operations, which deals with massive alert data streams produced by large-scale surveys.

Methods. Our analysis takes advantage of the scientific surplus brought on by the Fink alert broker classification capabilities to first reduce the 111 275 131 processed alerts from ZTF between November 2019 and December 2022 (755 observation nights) to only 389 530 new Solar System alert candidates over the same period. We implemented a simple, yet pedagogical linking algorithm called Fink-FAT to create trajectory candidates in real time from alert data and extract orbital parameters. The analysis was validated on ZTF alert packets linked to confirmed Solar System objects from the Minor Planet Center (MPC) database. Finally, the candidates were confronted with follow-up observations.

Results. Between November 2019 and December 2022, Fink-FAT extracted 327 new orbits from candidate Solar System objects at the time of the observations, of which 65 had still remained unreported in the MPC database as of March 2023. After two late follow-up observation campaigns of six orbit candidates, four were associated with known minor planets of the Solar System, and two still remain unknown. In terms of performance, Fink-FAT took under 3 h to link alerts into trajectory candidates and to extract the orbital elements over the three years of Fink data, using a modest hardware configuration.

Conclusions. Despite a much lower efficiency than present linking algorithms, Fink-FAT reaches a high level of purity in reconstructing orbits and it runs fast, making it suitable for the real-time discovery of new minor planets. Fink-FAT is deployed in the Fink broker and analyzes, in real time, the alert data from the ZTF survey by regularly extracting new candidates for Solar System objects. Tests of scalability also show that Fink-FAT is capable of handling the even larger volume of alert data that will be sent by the Rubin Observatory’s real-time difference image analysis processing.
Application of Dynamic Voltage Restorer through HHO Algorithm for Safe and Sustainable Operation of Electrical Distribution System
Authors: Awaar Vinay Kumar , Jugge Praveen , Dupati Pujitha , Ramesh G. , Ramnarayan
Published: October 2023

The voltage dynamic recovers steady-state, transient, and dynamic responses by protecting electrical equipment against unbalances, swells, and voltage sags and provides safe operation. The existing control structures were successful in restoring steady voltage. However, the intrinsic oscillations fail to account for those that may occur while quitting the system and introducing the DVR. The work describes a simple control system for dealing with dynamic, steady-state, and transient responses and intrinsic fluctuations that provides safety and sustainability as well. This suggested control system uses an upstream disturbance detection signal as the feed-forward. The feed-forward term is accomplished by the closed loop for the feedback of the controlling signal, which decreases transient changes and enhances system response. The HHO algorithm, the most recent metaheuristic optimisation algorithm, is utilised. Using MATLAB-Simulink, the system is simulated. Performance analysis of the proposed HHO algorithm is evaluated under different SWELL and SAG conditions.
Digital Control of DSTATCOM using TI-C2000 Processor and MATLAB/ Simulink for Sustainable Power System Network
Authors: Rafi K. Mahammad , Awaar Vinay Kumar , Phani Kumar K.S.V. , Pradeep Reddy G. , Koli Sakshi , Kalpana K.
Published: October 2023

This paper describes the detailed digital control of a Distribution Static Synchronous shunt Compensator (DSTATCOM) using a MATLAB embedded coder for compensation to be in command of Voltage Source Converter (VSC) input voltage, reactive power compensation and the power factor improvement of a secondary radial distribution system with a voltage rating of 11kV/415V and with a capacity of 750 kW. The model has been simulated and tested in MATLAB/Simulink using the Simscape tool block set version of MATLAB R2019a. The same is achieved using a 32-bit DSP TMS320F2812 controller programmed with CCS V 6.1 software and tested with MATLAB embedded coder generation using Texas Instrument C2000 processors. Using this embedded code is developed and dumped into the CCS V 6.1. Real and Reactive power control (PQ) and Back Propagation Control Algorithm (BPCA) are the control methods. BPCA controller is based on the elementary extracted biased value of Reactive Power (Q) and Active Power (P) components of load currents. These current values are necessary for the reference source's current estimation. The reference source currents are estimated from the available source currents to generate firing pulses for the PQ and BPCA controllers. The real and reactive power controller is based on the transformation of synchronously rotating load currents in alpha and beta frames. The BPCA-based DSTATCOM is simulated for linear and non-linear load circumstances and that helps in restoring the power system networks sustainability.
Sustainable Design of Multiband Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications
Authors: Aouthu Srilakshmi , Anjaiah Pole , Gireesh N. , Swaraja K. , Kumar Anuj , Sandhya Tuti
Published: October 2023

This work emphasises sustainability as a crucial component of the design process and offers a novel approach to antenna design. A miniature circular microstrip antenna array with 1800 hybrid coupler operating at different modes of frequency, specifically aiming for multiband wireless communication is presented. The Circular patch, two element broad side array and end fire array structures are designed and analysed by using High Frequency Software Simulator (HFSS) software. Measured results are also presented for validating the simulated results.
Analysis of Wear Behaviour on AISI 431 Martensitic Stainless Steel by Vacuum Annealing Process
Authors: Subbiah Ram , Kumar Anshuman , Sateesh N. , Sai Pradeep P. , Kumar Josh Sanjeev , Baloji D.
Published: October 2023

In the research work, AISI 431 grade stainless steel were chosen to investigate the effects of vacuum annealing processes on reducing hardness and enhancing ductility. Although stainless steel of martensitic type are well known for their high hardness, wear resistance and they have limited applications due to high hardness properties. Chosen for this research work, vacuum annealing were carried out to temperatures of 740°C, 840°C and 940°C. The samples were prepared cylindrically to a dimension of 40 mm length and 10 mm diameter. An untreated material was kept aside for comparison.Vacuum annealing involves heating the material in a controlled environment to eliminate impurities and relieve internal stresses, resulting in reduced hardness and improved ductility. To evaluate the effect of wear on annealed material, a pin-on-disc wear test apparatus were used. The wear behavior of the annealed specimens were compared to the untreated material. It includes both the treated and untreated samples, were examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to obtain images of microstructure. The results of this research work contribute to the understanding of the annealing effects on martensitic stainless steels and provide insights into optimizing their properties for specific applications.