bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quistes pancreáticos: valor agregado de EUS-FNA sobre EUS y RMI. Experiencia de un hospital universitario de alta complejidad
Authors: Oría Inés C , Pizzala Juan E , Villaverde Augusto , Rivera Flores Juan , Pasqua Analía , Pagotto Vanina L , Mazza Oscar M , Abecia Víctor , Marcolongo Mariano M
Published: May 2021

Background. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are valuable tools in the assessment of cystic pancreatic lesions (CPLs). However, preoperative diagnosis of CPLs still remains a challenge. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) provides a method to obtain cyst fluid for analysis to gain additional information. Aim. Compare the concordance between the diagnosis of the cyst by FNA, with that obtained by two diagnostic imaging methods (EUS morphology and MRI). Evaluate if EUS-FNA offered any benefit in cases of inconclusive MRI. Material and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database at a tertiary-care academic medical center between January 2015 and December 2018. All patients who were referred for EUS were reviewed, and patients with diagnosis of pancreatic cysts were included. Imaging, pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF) and follow-up were analyzed. Results. A total of 2238 EUS were performed during the study period and 319 of them had a final diagnosis of pancreatic cyst. FNA was performed on 139 cysts: 62 were diagnosed as mucinous by PCF. The agreement between the diagnosis of the cyst by FNA, with that obtained by EUS morphology was 89.2% (Kappa 0.78, p < 0.001). The concordance between the diagnosis of the cyst by FNA and that obtained by MRI was 72.66 (Kappa 0.41, p < 0.001). From the 319 patients with pancreatic cysts, 60 (18.8%) had inconclusive results on MRI and EUS morphology was able to make a diagnosis in 31 of them. When we analyzed the 139 punctured cysts, MRI was indeterminate in 40 patients and FNA diagnosed 36 of the 40 patients (90%). Discussion. In our study, EUS +/- FNA was superior to MRI specially in cases of inconclusive MRI.
ARMENIANS IN BITLIS AND ARMENIAN KURDISH HANDWRITTEN AND PRINTED LITERATURE
Authors: STEPANYAN HASMIK
Published: May 2021

Bitlis is an ancient city where the Armenians were one of the oldest
inhabitants. In 1878-79 the population of province was nearly 400.000, of
which Armenians were 250.000. The population of Bitlis was 30.000, of
which Armenians were 10.000. The Armenians had a great investment on
the economic, trade and cultural life of the province as well as on the
development of crafts and the penetration of the capitalistic relations.
Armenians lived mainly with Kurds and Yezidis. During the
Genocide the Armenians were forced to leave Bitlis. One of the main
cultural ways of Armenians was Armenian Turkish literature. There was
also handwritten and printed literature in Armenian as well as in Kurdish.
It was made by the Armenians for the Kurds keeping Kurdish folklore,
philosophical and literary heritage. We could find published textbooks in
Kurdish, the authors of which were Armenians.
Armenian Kurdish Bible, Gospels and other religious books were
published by American missionaries.
GHEVOND ARCHIMANDRITE PIRGHALEMYAN AND THE MISCELLANIES OF HIS DIARIES
Authors: AVETYAN KARINE
Published: May 2021

The information about his biography can be received from his
works, because there is no autobiography. Ghevond Pirghalemian was
born in 1829 in Van, he got his preliminary education at Araruts lyceum of
Van. Later due to poor financial conditions of his family he became an
apprentice of a tailor. During that period he changed several masters and
eventually gave up the craft. In 1850, he visited Lim Island and didn't
return any more. At first, he became the discipleof Hakob
Bishop Topuzian, then of Gabriel Bishop Shiroian. In the course of that
period Mkrtich Khrimian settled in the cloister of Varaga and united
around him disciples from different regions of Armenia, Ghevond
Pirghalemian and Garegin Srvantstiants were among them. They decided
to travel together for scientific purpose (in 1859). From 1873 to 1878 he
became the leader of British-Armenian community in Manchester.
He travelled a lot and described all the details of his trips. He managed to
collect different materials like historical Protocols, Chronicles and
Chronologies. Unfortunately a very little fraction of them were published
under the title “Notarq Hayots” in 1888. Priest Gyut Aghaniants brought
most of them to Etchmiadzin from Constantinople, and now they are kept
in Matenadaran.
THE KEMALIST MOVEMENT AND THE KURDISH QUESTION (1919-1922)
Authors: BAYBURDYAN VAHAN
Published: May 2021

In 1919 General Mustafa Kemal, the future leader of the Turkish Milli (nationalist) movement, decided with his confederates to leave for Western Armenia, where more favorable military, strategic and political conditions existed to organize a resistance movement against the plans to partition Turkey. The Kemalists had accurate information about the Kurdish aspirations for the establishment of an independent state or at least
autonomy. The Kemalists proposed the idea of “social unity” in order to neutralize the Kurds and to include them in their political sphere. They declared that “in Turkey the Kurdish people have rights equal to the Turks”. In June 1919, a conference of
leaders of the Kurdish national movement was convened in Erzurum, and its resolutions were distinguished by their sympathy toward the Kemalist movement.
In the resolutions and manifestos adopted at the Erzurum and Sivas congresses and in their current policies, the Kemalists categorically refused the principle of territorial or any other type of autonomy for national minorities
THE NEWLY DISCOVERED PERSIAN INSCRIPTION OF THE XII CENTURY IN THE FORTRESS OF BJNI
Authors: MIKAYELYAN TIGRAN
Published: May 2021

In 2007 during its excavations within the citadel of Bjni
fortress the expedition of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia discovered a stone with an inscription in Arabic characters. We have read this Persian inscription in five lines sculpted on a stone fragment showing missing parts from all sides. The first line is damaged and is unreadable, the second line mentions the name of some Isfahsalar Muhammad/Mohammad طوسي... Tusi محمد سلار] سفه ا ....[ The third line is also unclear, except for the guessable word ‘Islam’. The fourth line reads ‘May the God bless all’ in Persian. The fifth line communicates the date, which is ... [ئه [ما خمس و عين ...The date is incomplete, however it is definitely the 500th year of Hijra or the XII century AD. To define the decade we need to offer numbers ending with عين ..These are forty اربعين seventy سبعين or ninety تسعين .
From these figures we prefer seventy سبعين because of a few considerations: if it is forty اربعين horizontal line of alif would be visible even if it is damaged; there is a dot over عين...
even though ‘ba’s dot has been put over and not under the letter. سبعين or ninety also has no dots. So by choosing seventy, we can date the inscription to the period of 1175-1183. We can’t offer a more precise date as the first number before seventy is lost. We also believe that this inscription is not an epitaph as there are no Islamic formulas for the deceased put right before the name; also the sculpted characters are too big for a gravestone and in addition they are positioned perpendicularly to the stone unlike Armenia’s Muslim gravestones. Therefore, this must be a fragment of an inscription commemorating some construction or maybe a repair or strengthening of the Bjni fortress or citadel executed by the order of Isfahsalar Muhammad Tusi. Unfortunately the inscription does not communicate the dynasty to which it belongs. However, there is another Arabic inscription of 1174 by Shaddadids carved on a citadel of Nerkin
Talin/Dashtadem (Aragatsotn region of Armenia). The newly discovered Persian inscription is evidence that Muslim military had some presence during the last decades of the XII century in the Armenian fortress of Bjni.
Elagolix Sodium: Novel GnRH Antagonist for the Treatment of Endometriosis
Authors: Bhatia Rohit
Published: May 2021

Endometriosis is a category of lesions and fibroids which occur in the innermost lining of the uterus that is the endometrial layer and spreads to the other parts of the neighboring tissues. It is characterized by inflammation, pelvic pain, menstrual bleeding, and Dysmenorrhea. Endometriosis exists in 3 forms based on its spreadability. i.) superficial peritoneal lesions ii.) deep infiltrating lesion and iii.) cyst. Traditional treatments involve are NSAIDS, Oral contraceptives, Aromatase inhibitors, and GnRH agonists. Elagolix emerges out to be the latest potent drug that acts by inhibiting the GnRH receptor. Unlike other allopathy medicine, it is not an asymptomatic pain reliever but acts on the root cause of the disease. FDA has approved it for specific treatment of endometriosis in July 2018. It is believed that endometriosis occurs by an increase in the production of estrogen. Elagolix competitively binds to the GnRH receptors and prevents the binding of the Gonadotropin hormone flowing through blood capillaries from the Hypothalamus to the pituitary gland and thereby stops the formation of Oestrogen in the reproductive system which ultimately ceases in the proliferation of endometrial layers and tissue spread. In estrogen biosynthesis, the aromatase P450 enzyme plays a vital role. Elagolix belongs to BCS class III and available in the oral dosage form of 150, 200mg. It is rapidly absorbed and Cmax reaches within 1hour. The plasma protein binding is 80%. In this review, various aspects related to Elagolix sodium have been summarised, which include pathophysiology, Mode of Action, Structure-activity relationship, Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical studies with minimal side effects.
Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez Victor Manuel
Published: May 2021

Background: It is reported that genetic and hereditary-familial risk factors for breast cancer contribute 5% and the majority are related to the reproductive life of women. Objective: it has the purpose of determining if the factors considered as risk factors are associated with breast cancer in a group of Mexican women. Material and Methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study was carried out in 162 women with breast cancer for 3 years (2002-2004) at the Hospital Juárez de México to determine if the usual risk factors are related to breast cancer. The descriptive analysis included localization and dispersion measures, as well as a graphical analysis using bar diagrams. Results: In the sample of 162 women with breast cancer, the age range at the time of breast cancer diagnosis was from 27 to 78 years (mean of 47.60, standard deviation of 13.09); early menarche only appeared in 12.3% (n=20). The mean age of the first pregnancy was 22 years and of menopause at 51 years of age; 72.2% lactated (n=117) and 45.1% did so for more than 6 months (n=73); the menstrual pattern disorder appeared in 22.8% of cases (n=37); Menopausal hormone therapy was previously used in 19.8% (n=32). The hereditary-family history of breast cancer appeared in 14.2% of the cases (n=23). It seems to be correlated with the fact that in patients with nulliparity, alcoholism and the absence of breastfeeding, breast cancer occurs at an early age (< 45 years) and the risk factor that is related to breast cancer is overweight and obesity with 54.26% and 17.11% respectively (average of 28.00, standard deviation of 3.032). Conclusion: no correlation was found between risk factors considered common for breast cancer; only overweight and obesity were related to its development, further research is required to confirm whether this correlation occurs in other countries.
Implementasi Metode Naïve Bayes untuk Analisis Sentimen Warga Jakarta Terhadap
Authors: Afrizal Sarika , Irmanda Helena Nurramdhani , Falih Noor , Isnainiyah Ika Nurlaili
Published: May 2021

Kegiatan riset ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis animo masyarakat Indonesia khususnya warga Jakarta atas munculnya transportasi massa umum MRT yang di resmikan oleh Pemerintah di bulan Maret 2019. Tahapan penelitian diawali proses crawling tweet dengan menggunakan tweetscrapper dari python. Kemudian dilakukan Preprocessing sehingga didapatkan data tweet yang siap untuk diproses pada pemisahan data yaitu data training dan data testing. Data training dilakukan proses pembobotan dengan TF-IDF, dan proses pembelajaran dengan naive bayes. Proses ini disebut dengan proses training yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan model klasfikasi. Model klasifikasi digunakan untuk data testing melakukan proses klasifikasi yang menghasilkan label sentimen (positif/negatif). Proses ini dinamakan dengan proses testing. Hasil testing akan dilakukan perhitungan akurasi dari model yang sudah dibuat. Luaran dari penelitian ini berupa analisis sentimen animo warga Jakarta pada media sosial Twitter terhadap kehadiran layanan transportasi publik MRT, dan akurasi yang dihasilkan oleh metode naïve bayes yang diimplementasikan pada analisis sentimen
Perancangan Aplikasi Inventarisasi Alat-alat Kesenian Tradisional Wayang Kulit pada Sanggar ABCD
Authors: Tri Habibie Muhammad , Husain Ahmad , Wirawan Rio
Published: May 2021

Aplikasi web menjadi bagian yang sudah terintegrasi dengan kehidupan dunia komputer saat ini. Dengan web, seseorang bisa mendapatkan informasi yang dibutuhkan dengan mudah, tidak peduli seberapa jauhnya. Sehubungan dengan kebutuhan untuk membangun aplikasi web yang bersifat dinamis itulah banyak sanggar yang telah memanfaatkan teknologi ini untuk mengatur segala hal berkaitan dengan inventarisasi alat-alat yang tersedia. Beberapa sistem yang saat ini berjalan di beberapa sanggar masih dilaksanakan secara konvensional menggunakan form kertas. Hal ini menyebabkan lambatnya proses yang dilaksanakan dan berdampak pula terhadap efisiensi waktu di berbagai sanggar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah metode grounded (grounded research). Permasalahan yang akan dipecahkan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu, Bagaimana menyediakan sistem inventarisasi dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi inventarisasi pada proses pengolahan data alat-alat kesenian tradisional pada sanggar ABCD.
Pengamanan File Gambar pada Media Video dengan Kriptografi Algoritma RSA dan Steganografi Algoritma End of File (EOF)
Authors: Malvi Afif , Painem Painem
Published: May 2021

Keamanan data merupakan suatu hal penting, karena berkaitan dengan privasi, integritas, otentikasi dan kerahasiaan. Apabila suatu data hilang atau diubah oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab, maka dapat merugikan bagi pemilik data. Keamanan data digital sangat penting pada perkembangan teknologi saat ini, termasuk di bidang percetakan. Pada bidang percetakan cover majalah dan pengeditan gambar dibutuhkan aplikasi pengamanan data untuk mencegah terjadinya pemalsuan data dan manipulasi data yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan sebuah aplikasi yang berfungsi untuk mengamankan file gambar pada PT. Segoro Arto Sejati. Aplikasi yang dikembangkan menggunakan algoritma kriptografi RSA dan dipadukan dengan steganografi algoritma End of File (EOF). Proses pengamanan file terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu proses enkripsi file menggunakan metode RSA yang menghasilkan file terenkripsi (encrypted file), diikuti dengan tahap penyisipan file terenkripsi ke dalam media penampung menggunakan metode EOF. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian proses pengamanan file diperoleh tingkat keberhasilan aplikasi mencapai 100% dengan rata-rata waktu proses pengamanan file (embedding) sebesar 5,651 detik dan waktu proses ekstraksi file sebesar 17,533 detik.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Konseling berdasarkan Peminatan dan Alat Ungkap Masalah berbasis Web menggunakan Framework Codeigniter Studi Kasus : SMA Malahayati
Authors: Saputra Rezi , Krisnanik Erly , Pradnyana I Wayan Widi
Published: May 2021

Kemajuan dan perkembangan teknologi informasi yang begitu cepat, teknologi informasi mentransformasi diri keberbagai aspek kehidupan. Seperti sekarang banyak lembaga atau instansi yang memanfaatkan sistem informasi sebagai alat bantu yang digunakan untuk menunjang perkembangan dan kinerja khususnya pada aspek pendidikan. Lembaga bimbingan dan konseling pada SMA Malahayati memberikan berbagai layanan untuk mengoptimalkan proses pembelajaran dan pengembangan serta pembentukan karakter siswa di sekolah. Diantara layanannya adalah melakukan peminatan dan alat ungkap masalah (AUM). Belum adanya sistem aplikasi yang membantu Guru BK dalam menentukan peminatan dan alat ungkap masalah siswa sehingga proses pengumpulan dan pengelolaan informasi membutuhkan waktu yang lama. Berdasarkan hal tersebut tujuan dari rancang bangun sistem informasi konseling ini adalah untuk membantu Guru BK dalam mengatasi permasalahan mengenai pengumpulan data, pengolahan hasil tes AUM, pengolahan peminatan siswa dan penyajian informasi yang cepat dan akurat. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan yaitu Rappid Application Development (RAD) dan menggunakan alat penggambaran sistem Unified Modelling Language (UML). Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah sistem aplikasi sistem informasi konseling berbasis web menggunakan Framework Codeigniter dan MySQL.
Pembuatan Aplikasi Penjadwalan Mata Kuliah Menggunakan Algoritma Ant Colony Optimization (Studi Kasus: Program Studi Informatika Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta)
Authors: Silalahi Andreas , Santoni Mayanda Mega , Muliawati Anita
Published: May 2021

Penjadwalan dibuat agar kegiatan perkuliahan dapat berjalan secara teratur. Salah satu penerapan penjadwalan ada pada penjadwalan mata kuliah. Pada beberapa instansi pendidikan seperti Program Studi Informatika Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, penjadwalan mata kuliah masih dilakukan secara manual. Banyak data yang dapat mempengaruhi penjadwalan seperti dosen, mahasiswa, jumlah ruang, dan waktu yang tersedia membuat proses pembuatan jadwal menjadi tidak mudah dan membutuhkan banyak waktu. Masalah ini dapat dibantu dengan menggunakan algoritma yang baik. Pada jurnal ini, aplikasi penjadwalan mata kuliah yang menggunakan algoritma Ant Colony Optimization akan diuji untuk pembuatan jadwal mata kuliah. Pada riset yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti lain ditemukan bahwa bahwa penjadwalan mata kuliah menggunakan Ant Colony Optimization dapat berjalan dengan efektif dan dapat membantu pengurangan masalah pada waktu proses penjadwalan.
Perilaku Konsumen Terhadap E-Commerce Disaat Pandemi Covid 19 di Shop And Travel
Authors: Mardiani Eri , Rahmansyah Nur , Al Rizky Farid
Published: May 2021

Saat ini kondisi covid-19 sangat berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan bermasyarakat khususnya kondisi ekonomi, dikondisi pandemi  covid-19 seperti ini masyarakat  dihadapkan  faktor resiko yang banyak untuk menghindari melakukan transaksi secara langsung guna menghindari penyebaran virus corona ini. Dan Masyarakat diharuskan menghindari kontak fisik (physical distancing) sehingga dalam melakukan transaksi masyarakat lebih banyak menggunakan transaksi secara digital. Dengan kondisi seperti ini akhirnya membuat masyarakat mulai melakukan transaksi secara online dimulai dengan berbanja online, karena untuk menghindari kontak fisik. Dan dampak positif bagi perusahaan atau usaha mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap penjualan dan pembelian produk perusahaan dampai dari kondisi pandemi covid ini, dan menyebabkan perusahaan untuk bisa beralih fungsi sistem penjualan dan pembeli dengan berbasis digital dan ini bisa dilihat dari pergerakan transaksi   ecommerce   yang sangat meningkat,transaksi pembelian meningkat secara drastis dampak pandemi  covid  19  ini, serta penggunaan aplikasi belanja online mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan.
Development of a Sustainable Theoretical Framework for a Renewable Based Bathroom Unit
Authors: Oye Toyosi K. , Gupta Naren , Goh Keng , Kerrouche Abdelfateh , Oye Tosin T.
Published: May 2021

One of the major issues facing the world in the 21st century is climate change. However, sustainability has become a crucial concept to combat extreme consumption of environmental resources. The bathroom has been estimated to be the principal user of environmental resources in United Kingdom households. Therefore, the challenge that how a combined water and energy saving unit in the bathroom will contribute to the sustainability of the houses will remain unresolved. This study challenges and extends existing knowledge on sustainability related to the smart bathroom systems considering social, environmental, and economic principles to achieve a highly efficient water and energy consumption in the bathroom. This study gathers that a range of technological challenges are based on the individual components and technologies in the bathroom and concludes that a holistic approach is required for an effective modelling in the bathroom. This allows the examination of energy and water flows in the complex systems, shaped by various social, economic and environmental forces. The method this study presented adopts conceptual and holistic modelling to design and implement a bathroom unit that is sustainable and smart. This study uncovers the contribution of renewable energy source and smart control technologies in the bathroom and the significant contribution it makes in levels of energy consumption and carbon emissions. These sustainable features are subsequently used to develop framework for sustainable for implementing and evaluation of sustainable bathroom system. This study has established a strong quantitative and qualitative links between three dimensions of sustainability.
Managing Conflict at Institution/s of Higher Learning: A Post-Positivist Perspective
Authors: Lukman Yusuf
Published: May 2021

Institutions of Higher Learning in South Africa annually face challenges that often lead to student protests and demonstrations, mostly at the beginning of every academic year, which adversely impact the smooth running of academic programs. Stakeholders’ expectations were at the apex of causes that destabilise the academic environment, academic almanac and the overall academic professional reputation. The volatility of this kind retards productivity and negatively affects many tertiary institutions across the Country. This empirically grounded paper focuses on conflicting variables amongst universities, but with reference to an Eastern Cape University in South Africa spread across its Campuses. Adopting the post-positivist approach, this study obtained data from over 180 respondents and the data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics, including analyses of variance and Pearson Product Moment correlations. In addition, content analysis techniques were used to analyse the data collected from the unstructured questionnaire. In this empirical study the findings highlighted two major variables that gave rise to conflicts, escalation of strikes and demonstrations at Higher Institutions of learning and recommend a conflict management style apposite for handling the conundrum. The factors dealt with in this study are not peculiar to the institution studied, but  are analogous to other institutions. The findings also underscored Integrating conflict management as the most commendable style for managing conflicts at institutions of higher learning.
BOOK REVIEW: "MANAGEMENT IN CULTURAL TOURISM" BY ARMIN MIKOS VON ROHRSCHEIDT, BOGUCKI Scientific Publishing, Poznań 2020
Authors: Zmyślony Piotr
Published: May 2021

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Implementácia autentického materiálu do výučby odborného cudzieho jazyka
Authors: Rizeková Iveta
Published: May 2021

Príspevok sa zaoberá problematikou didaktického využitia autentického materiálu vo výučbe cudzieho jazyka v kontexte aplikovanej lingvistiky. Autorka príspevku vychádza z presvedčenia, že autenticita má v cudzojazyčnej výučbe dôležité miesto, pretože prejavy a dokumenty určené rodeným hovoriacim v danej krajine sprostredkúvajú kontakt so situáciami z reálneho života aj so živým jazykom. Článok prináša možnosti využitia jednotlivých typov autentických dokumentov na hodinách odborného cudzieho jazyka a prezentuje výsledky dotazníkového prieskumu uskutočneného v radoch študentov aplikovaných jazykov. Cieľom prieskumu bolo zistiť, aké je zastúpenie jednotlivých typov autentického materiálu a ako efektívne sa využíva na hodinách odborného francúzskeho jazyka, ako aj to, aký je postoj študentov k otázke implementácie autentických materiálov do jazykovej výučby. Autorka v závere konštatuje, že autentické zdroje významne prispievajú k rozvoju komunikačných zručností a vnímaniu interkultúrnych rozdielov a pozitívne vplývajú na motiváciu študentov. Hodiny jazyka sa vďaka nim stávajú dynamickými, interaktívnymi a viac orientovanými na potreby učiacich sa.
Bayesian Network Modeling of IVF Blastocyst Score Prediction
Authors: Uyar Aslı , Atılgan Şengül Yasemin
Published: May 2021

Embryo transfer may be performed at cleavage stage (on day 2-3) or at blastocyst stage (on day 5) in In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatment. Elective single embryo transfer at blastocyst stage increases the pregnancy probability and reduces the number of multiple pregnancies. However, the extended culture of embryos in the laboratory may result in transfer cancelation if no high quality blastocyst develops by day 5. Predicting the blastocyst score of individual embryos may help physicians to decide whether or not to further culture the embryos in the laboratory. In this paper, we use Bayesian networks for predicting the blastocyst score by modeling the morphological evolution of IVF embryos. We propose a weighted nearest neighbor approach to adjust the frequency estimates in the conditional probability table. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly increases the accuracy and reduces false positive rates in IVF data in comparison to the frequency estimate method. Our proposed model can also predict low quality blastocyst development with a 77.3% True Negative rate. Using this model can help preventing developmental failures of embryos during IVF treatment.
Pandemi ile İlgili Haberlerde Söylem Analizi: En Çok Tıklanan Haber Sitelerinde Tematik Yapı Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: ÇELİK Ramazan
Published: May 2021

Bir küresel salgına dönüşen Kovid-19 salgını ile birlikte online gazeteciliğe olan ilgide bir o kadar artış göstermiştir. Evde geçirilen karantina süreci internet tabanlı olan yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin altın çağının başlaması anlamına gelmiştir. Artık fiziksel olan ile dijital olanın birleştirildiği dönem olan “fijital” süreci yaşanmaktadır. Birçok bilimsel veri ve görüş “yeni normal” denilen bu dönemin kalıcılığını tartışır hale getirmiştir. Bu çalışma online gazetecilik ortamında pandemi ile ilgili haberlerde “yeni normal” ve “fijital” kavramları bağlamında haberin yeniden üretiminin mümkün olup olmadığı sorunsalına odaklanmaktadır. Bu durum verilen haberin haber değerinden, içeriğine kadar birçok başlığının yeniden gözden geçirilmesinin önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle pandemi sürecinde günlük vakaların ele alındığı haberlerde zamanla havada uçuşan rakamlardan başkaca bir şey verilmediği görülmektedir. Bu da zamanla bilginin anlamsızlaşması, griftleşmesi ve haberin amacından uzaklaşıldığını göstermektedir. Bir haberin haklı bilgilendirmesinden çok sadece günlük vaka sayılarının verildiği kalıplara gömülmesi, habere olan ilginin de zamanla azalmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile günlük en çok tıklanan haber sitelerinde pandemi ile ilgili haberlerin nasıl verildiği, Van Dijk’ın söylem çözümlemesi modelinde yer alan makro yapı üzerinden değerlendirilmektedir.
MalacoSerres : un projet participatif d’étude des Mollusques exogènes des serres des jardins botaniques de France métropolitaine
Authors: PERRIER Christophe
Published: May 2021

MalacoSerres se propose de lancer un recensement des espèces de Mollusques des serres des jardins botaniques (tropicales, tempérées et froides) à l’échelle du territoire métropolitain, sur la base d’un projet participatif. Ce projet, lancé à l’occasion du deuxième colloque national de malacologie tenu à Nantes les 6 et 7 décembre 2018, est exposé ici.
The Multiple Waves of the African Academic Diaspora’s Engagement with African Universities
Authors: O Oanda Ibrahim , Obonyo Mark M
Published: May 2021

This article analyses the various historical phases in the evolution of theAfrican academic diaspora’s engagement to support the development ofhigher education in Africa. It examines the drivers and motivation for suchengagement and its implications for higher education development onthe continent. The data were derived from a critical review of secondarysources, supplemented by primary observations by one of the authors whois engaged in a programme that supports diaspora academics to travel toAfrican universities for engagement, as part of the third wave. The analysisof the secondary material shows that while the first wave of engagement wasdriven by a strong sense of Pan-Africanism at the global level and laid thefoundation for the establishment of universities across the continent, thesecond wave became trapped in Cold War rivalries that limited engagementand drove more academics from African universities into exile, mainly inEurope and North America, thus swelling the ranks of diaspora academics.The third wave has been caught up in a similar situation. While the forcesof globalisation and internationalisation that are driving this wave ofdiaspora engagement have the potential to support African universities toachieve international standards, they can equally undermine and mute thedesire for higher education decolonisation. The article recommends thatAfrican countries and higher education institutions should play a centralrole in designing the broad policy context that drives engagement and thatthe activities undertaken by African diaspora academics should align withnational higher education priorities.
Innovations and Challenges. Women, Language and Sexism., (Carmen Rosa Caldas-CoulthardEd.), Oxon/New York: Routledge, 2020
Authors: Rodriguez Alexandra
Published: May 2021

Book's Review Innovations and Challenges. Women, Language and Sexism
Tendon and motor phenotypes in the Crtap-/- mouse model of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Grol Matthew William , Haelterman Nele A , Lim Joohyun , Munivez Elda M , Archer Marilyn , Hudson David M , Tufa Sara F , Keene Douglas R , Lei Kevin , Park Dongsu , Kuzawa Cole D , Ambrose Catherine G , Eyre David R , Lee Brendan H
Published: May 2021

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by short stature, skeletal deformities, low bone mass, and motor deficits. A subset of OI patients also present with joint hypermobility; however, the role of tendon dysfunction in OI pathogenesis is largely unknown. Using the Crtap-/- mouse model of severe, recessive OI, we found that mutant Achilles and patellar tendons were thinner and weaker with increased collagen cross-links and reduced collagen fibril size at 1- and 4-months compared to wildtype. Patellar tendons from Crtap-/- mice also had altered numbers of CD146+CD200+ and CD146-CD200+ progenitor-like cells at skeletal maturity. RNA-seq analysis of Achilles and patellar tendons from 1-month Crtap-/- mice revealed dysregulation in matrix and tendon marker gene expression concomitant with predicted alterations in TGF-β, inflammatory, and metabolic signaling. At 4-months, Crtap-/- mice showed increased αSMA, MMP2, and phospho-NFκB staining in the patellar tendon consistent with excess matrix remodeling and tissue inflammation. Finally, a series of behavioral tests showed severe motor impairments and reduced grip strength in 4-month Crtap-/- mice – a phenotype that correlates with the tendon pathology.
Application of a novel haplotype-based scan for local adaptation to study high-altitude adaptation in rhesus macaques
Authors: Szpiech Zachary A. , Novak Taylor E. , Bailey Nick P. , Stevison Laurie S.
Published: May 2021

When natural populations split and migrate to different environments, they may experience different selection pressures that can lead to local adaptation. To capture the genomic patterns of a local selective sweep, we develop XP-nSL, a genomic scan for local adaptation that compares haplotype patterns between two populations. We show that XP-nSL has power to detect ongoing and recently completed hard and soft sweeps, and we then apply this statistic to search for evidence of adaptation to high altitude in rhesus macaques. We analyze the whole genomes of 23 wild rhesus macaques captured at high altitude (mean altitude > 4000 m above sea level) to 22 wild rhesus macaques captured at low altitude (mean altitude < 500 m above sea level) and find evidence of local adaptation in the high-altitude population at or near 303 known genes and several unannotated regions. We find the strongest signal for adaptation at EGLN1, a classic target for convergent evolution in several species living in low oxygen environments. Furthermore, many of the 303 genes are involved in processes related to hypoxia, regulation of ROS, DNA damage repair, synaptic signaling, and metabolism. These results suggest that, beyond adapting via a beneficial mutation in one single gene, adaptation to high altitude in rhesus macaques is polygenic and spread across numerous important biological systems.
Control with uncertain data of socially structured compartmental epidemic models
Authors: Albi Giacomo , Pareschi Lorenzo , Zanella Mattia
Published: May 2021

The adoption of containment measures to reduce the amplitude of the epidemic peak is a key aspect in tackling the rapid spread of an epidemic. Classical compartmental models must be modified and studied to correctly describe the effects of forced external actions to reduce the impact of the disease. The importance of social structure, such as the age dependence that proved essential in the recent COVID-19 pandemic, must be considered, and in addition, the available data are often incomplete and heterogeneous, so a high degree of uncertainty must be incorporated into the model from the beginning. In this work we address these aspects, through an optimal control formulation of a socially structured epidemic model in presence of uncertain data. After the introduction of the optimal control problem, we formulate an instantaneous approximation of the control that allows us to derive new feedback controlled compartmental models capable of describing the epidemic peak reduction. The need for long-term interventions shows that alternative actions based on the social structure of the system can be as effective as the more expensive global strategy. The timing and intensity of interventions, however, is particularly relevant in the case of uncertain parameters on the actual number of infected people. Simulations related to data from the first wave of the recent COVID-19 outbreak in Italy are presented and discussed.
Effects of daily consumption of wild blueberry on cognition and urinary metabolites in school-aged children: a pilot study
Authors: Barfoot Katie Louise , Istas Geoffrey , Feliciano Rodrigo Pedro , Lamport Daniel Joseph , Riddell Patricia , Rodriguez-Mateos Ana , Williams Claire Michelle
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Acute intervention with wild blueberry (WBB) has previously revealed positive cognitive and mood effects in typically developing children; however, it is unclear whether effects persist after daily supplementation. In addition, no data have been published exploring the metabolite profiles of children following berry consumption, to our knowledge. A study of this kind could provide insight into a mechanism of action for the cognitive and mood improvements observed previously in children. The aim of this pilot study was to assess cognitive performance and urinary metabolite concentrations in healthy 7–10-year-old children across a 4 week daily WBB drink intervention.

Methods

This pilot study examined the effects of daily WBB consumption for 4 weeks (766 mg total polyphenols; 253 mg anthocyanins; equivalent to 240 g fresh blueberries per day) on cognition and mood in 15 healthy 7–10-year-old children. Polyphenol metabolites were measured in 24 h urine before and after the 4 week intervention.

Results

Chronic WBB-related benefits were seen on cognitively demanding trials on the modified attention network task, a task measuring executive functioning. Specifically, the WBB group maintained significantly higher accuracy on incongruent trials (96%; SE 0.03) compared with placebo participants (85%; SE 0.03; p = 0.038) after the 4 week intervention, suggesting WBB was of most benefit on the more difficult aspects of the task. No significant WBB-related effects were observed on the auditory verbal learning task or the child’s version of the positive and negative affect schedule. Urinary metabolite analyses indicated significant increases in different metabolites in WBB and placebo groups after 4 week consumption.

Conclusion

The research demonstrates 24 h WBB bioavailability in a child cohort for the first time with increases in urinary hippuric acid excretion during 2 week daily WBB consumption. This study highlights the importance of conducting a larger study in children investigating the mechanism of action behind cognitive effects using bioavailability data.
Perspectives in systems nephrology
Authors: Lindenmeyer Maja T. , Alakwaa Fadhl , Rose Michael , Kretzler Matthias
Published: May 2021

Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are a major health problem affecting approximately 10% of the world’s population and posing increasing challenges to the healthcare system. While CKD encompasses a broad spectrum of pathological processes and diverse etiologies, the classification of kidney disease is currently based on clinical findings or histopathological categorizations. This descriptive classification is agnostic towards the underlying disease mechanisms and has limited progress towards the ability to predict disease prognosis and treatment responses. To gain better insight into the complex and heterogeneous disease pathophysiology of CKD, a systems biology approach can be transformative. Rather than examining one factor or pathway at a time, as in the reductionist approach, with this strategy a broad spectrum of information is integrated, including comprehensive multi-omics data, clinical phenotypic information, and clinicopathological parameters. In recent years, rapid advances in mathematical, statistical, computational, and artificial intelligence methods enable the mapping of diverse big data sets. This holistic approach aims to identify the molecular basis of CKD subtypes as well as individual determinants of disease manifestation in a given patient. The emerging mechanism-based patient stratification and disease classification will lead to improved prognostic and predictive diagnostics and the discovery of novel molecular disease-specific therapies.
Interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement—an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Rath-Deschner Birgit , Nogueira Andressa V. B. , Beisel-Memmert Svenja , Nokhbehsaim Marjan , Eick Sigrun , Cirelli Joni A. , Deschner James , Jäger Andreas , Damanaki Anna
Published: May 2021

Objectives

The aim of this in vitro and in vivo study was to investigate the interaction of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2).

Materials and methods

The effect of periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on alveolar bone and gingival IL-6 and CXCL2 expressions was studied in rats by histology and RT-PCR, respectively. The animals were assigned to four groups (control, periodontitis, OTM, and combination of periodontitis and OTM). The IL-6 and CXCL2 levels were also studied in human gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the synthesis of IL-6 and CXCL2 in response to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and/or mechanical strain was studied in periodontal fibroblasts by RT-PCR and ELISA.

Results

Periodontitis caused an increase in gingival levels of IL-6 and CXCL2 in the animal model. Moreover, orthodontic tooth movement further enhanced the bacteria-induced periodontal destruction and gingival IL-6 gene expression. Elevated IL-6 and CXCL2 gingival levels were also found in human periodontitis. Furthermore, mechanical strain increased the stimulatory effect of F. nucleatum on IL-6 protein in vitro.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that orthodontic tooth movement can enhance bacteria-induced periodontal inflammation and thus destruction and that IL-6 may play a pivotal role in this process.

Clinical relevance

Orthodontic tooth movement should only be performed after periodontal therapy. In case of periodontitis relapse, orthodontic therapy should be suspended until the periodontal inflammation has been successfully treated and thus the periodontal disease is controlled again.
Novel Autosegmentation Spatial Similarity Metrics Capture the Time Required to Correct Segmentations Better Than Traditional Metrics in a Thoracic Cavity Segmentation Workflow
Authors: Kiser Kendall J. , Barman Arko , Stieb Sonja , Fuller Clifton D. , Giancardo Luca
Published: May 2021

Automated segmentation templates can save clinicians time compared to de novo segmentation but may still take substantial time to review and correct. It has not been thoroughly investigated which automated segmentation-corrected segmentation similarity metrics best predict clinician correction time. Bilateral thoracic cavity volumes in 329 CT scans were segmented by a UNet-inspired deep learning segmentation tool and subsequently corrected by a fourth-year medical student. Eight spatial similarity metrics were calculated between the automated and corrected segmentations and associated with correction times using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Nine clinical variables were also associated with metrics and correction times using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients or Mann–Whitney U tests. The added path length, false negative path length, and surface Dice similarity coefficient correlated better with correction time than traditional metrics, including the popular volumetric Dice similarity coefficient (respectively ρ = 0.69, ρ = 0.65, ρ =  − 0.48 versus ρ =  − 0.25; correlation p values < 0.001). Clinical variables poorly represented in the autosegmentation tool’s training data were often associated with decreased accuracy but not necessarily with prolonged correction time. Metrics used to develop and evaluate autosegmentation tools should correlate with clinical time saved. To our knowledge, this is only the second investigation of which metrics correlate with time saved. Validation of our findings is indicated in other anatomic sites and clinical workflows. Novel spatial similarity metrics may be preferable to traditional metrics for developing and evaluating autosegmentation tools that are intended to save clinicians time.
The Composite Severity Score for Lumbar Spine MRI: a Metric of Cumulative Degenerative Disease Predicts Time Spent on Interpretation and Reporting
Authors: Caton Michael Travis , Wiggins Walter F. , Pomerantz Stuart R. , Andriole Katherine P.
Published: May 2021

Conventional measures of radiologist efficiency, such as the relative value unit, fail to account for variations in the complexity and difficulty of a given study. For lumbar spine MRI (LMRI), an ideal performance metric should account for the global severity of lumbar degenerative disease (LSDD) which may influence reporting time (RT), thereby affecting clinical productivity. This study aims to derive a global LSDD metric and estimate its effect on RT. A 10-year archive of LMRI reports comprising 13,388 exams was reviewed. Objective reporting timestamps were used to calculate RT. A natural language processing (NLP) tool was used to extract radiologist-assigned stenosis severity using a 6-point scale (0 = “normal” to 5 = “severe”) at each lumbar level. The composite severity score (CSS) was calculated as the sum of each of 18 stenosis grades. The predictive values of CSS, sex, age, radiologist identity, and referring service on RT were examined with multiple regression models. The NLP tool accurately classified LSDD in 94.8% of cases in a validation set. The CSS increased with patient age and differed between men and women. In a univariable model, CSS was a significant predictor of mean RT (R2 = 0.38, p < 0.001) and independent predictor of mean RT (p < 0.001) controlling for patient sex, patient age, service location, and interpreting radiologist. The predictive strength of CSS was stronger for the low CSS range (CSS = 0–25, R2 = 0.83, p < 0.001) compared to higher CSS values (CSS > 25, R2 = 0.15, p = 0.05). Individual radiologist study volume was negatively correlated with mean RT (Pearson’s R =  − 0.35, p < 0.001). The composite severity score predicts radiologist reporting efficiency in LMRI, providing a quantitative measure of case complexity which may be useful for workflow planning and performance evaluation.
Identification and Localization of Endotracheal Tube on Chest Radiographs Using a Cascaded Convolutional Neural Network Approach
Authors: Kara Su , Akers Jake Y. , Chang Peter D.
Published: May 2021

Rapid and accurate assessment of endotracheal tube (ETT) location is essential in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, where timely identification of a mispositioned support device may prevent significant patient morbidity and mortality. This study proposes a series of deep learning-based algorithms which together iteratively identify and localize the position of an ETT relative to the carina on chest radiographs. Using the open-source MIMIC Chest X-Ray (MIMIC-CXR) dataset, a total of 16,000 patients were identified (8000 patients with an ETT and 8000 patients without an ETT). Three different convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms were created. First, a regression loss function CNN was trained to estimate the coordinate location of the carina, which was then used to crop the original radiograph to the distal trachea and proximal bronchi. Second, a classifier CNN was trained using the cropped inputs to determine the presence or absence of an ETT. Finally, for radiographs containing an ETT, a third regression CNN was trained to both refine the coordinate location of the carina and identify the location of the distal ETT tip. Model accuracy was assessed by comparing the absolute distance of prediction and ground-truth coordinates as well as CNN predictions relative to measurements documented in original radiologic reports. Upon five-fold cross validation, binary classification for the presence or absence of ETT demonstrated an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC of 97.14%, 97.37%, 96.89%, 97.12%, 97.15%, and 99.58% respectively. CNN predicted coordinate location of the carina, and distal ETT tip was estimated within a median error of 0.46 cm and 0.60 cm from ground-truth annotations respectively. Overall final CNN assessment of distance between the carina and distal ETT tip was predicted within a median error of 0.60 cm from manual ground-truth annotations, and a median error of 0.66 cm from measurements documented in the original radiology reports. A serial cascaded CNN approach demonstrates high accuracy for both identification and localization of ETT tip and carina on chest radiographs. High performance of the proposed multi-step strategy is in part related to iterative refinement of coordinate localization as well as explicit image cropping which focuses algorithm attention to key anatomic regions of interest.