bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pentingnya Tongkat Didikan Dalam Pola Asuh Anak Berdasarkan Amsal 22:15 Sebagai Evaluasi Terhadap Permissive Parenting
Authors: Obet Nego  , Mondolu Debby Chirst
Published: January 2021

Keluarga adalah kelompok sosial yang paling kecil, terdiri dari ayah, ibu dan anak. Keluarga merupakan kelompok sosial pertama dimana individu berada untuk mempelajari banyak hal penting dan mendasar melalui pola asuh dan binaan orang tua serta anggota keluarga lainnya. Orang tua mempunyai peran penting bagi pertumbuhan jiwa anak dan dalam meletakkan dasar-dasar kepribadian anak, sebab orang tua merupakan pendidik, pembimbing, dan pelindung bagi anak-anaknya. Oleh karena itu, pembimbingan orang tua terhadap anak haruslah yang alkitabiah. Salah satunya untuk mengatasi permasalah Permissive Parenting yang banyak terjadi di dalam rumah tangga. Dengan demikian, Amsal 22: 15 dinilai sangat tepat untuk menjadi landasan untuk menjawab kekeliruan pola asuh yang selama ini umum terjadi di keluarga-keluarga Kristen. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis akan membahas mengenai makna Tongkat Didikan dalam Pola Asuh anak berdasarkan Amsal 22: 15.

         The family is the smallest social group, consisting of father, mother and child. The family is the first social group where individuals are to learn many important and fundamental things through parenting and fostering parents and other family members. Parents have an important role for the child's soul growth and in laying the foundations of the child's personality, because parents are educators, guides, and protectors for their children. Therefore, parental guidance for children must be biblical. One of them is to overcome Permissive Parenting problems that often occur in the household. Thus, Proverbs 22:15 is considered very appropriate to be the basis for answering the errors of parenting that have been common in Christian families. In this paper, the author will discuss the meaning of the Educational Stick in Parenting based on Proverbs 22:15.
Konstruksi Pernikahan Kristen Alkitabiah
Authors: Paath Jean , Zega Yuniria , Pasaribu Ferdinan
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK

Pernikahan adalah suatu kemitraan yang permanen yang dibuat dengan komitmen di antara seorang wanita dan pria. Ada dalam Alkitab, ”Dan sesudah itu Ia berkata, Itu sebabnya laki-laki meninggalkan ibu bapaknya dan bersatu dengan istrinya, maka keduanya menjadi satu. Jadi mereka bukan lagi dua orang, tetapi satu. Itu sebabnya apa yang sudah disatukan oleh Allah tidak boleh diceraikan oleh manusia”. Tujuan dalam tulisan ini tentang supremasi pernikahan Kristen pada Abad XXI agar semua yang percaya tidak menganggap remeh tentang pernikahan. Agar orang percaya tidak menyepelekan pernikahan kudus yang sudah di persatukan oleh adalah dan tidak merusak rencana Allah dalam hidup mereka. Asumsi dalam penelitian ini adalah Alkitab adalah firman Allah yang tidak bersalah karena diinspirasikan oleh Roh Kudus kepada para penulis. Firman Allah menjadi dasar dalam memperbaiki pernikahan pada Abad XXI. Untuk menyelesaikan persoalan tersebut, peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif bibliologis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode inilah yang dianggap paling sesuai oleh peneliti karena metode deskriptif memberikan gambaran lengkap dan natural akan suatu peristiwa dan fenomena yang terjadi.

ABSTRACT

Marriage is a permanent partnership made with a commitment between a woman and a man. It's in the Bible, "And after that He said, That's why a man leaves his father's mother and unites with his wife, then the two become one. So they are no longer two people, but one. That is why what has been united by God must not be divorced by humans ". The purpose in this paper is the supremacy of Christian marriage in the XXI Century so that all believers do not underestimate marriage. So that believers do not underestimate the holy marriage that has been united by is and does not damage God's plan in their lives. The assumption in this study is that the Bible is the innocent word of God because it was inspired by the Holy Spirit to the writers. God's Word became the basis for fixing marriages in the XXI Century. To solve this problem, researchers used a descriptive bibliological method with a qualitative approach. This method is considered the most appropriate by researchers because descriptive methods provide a complete and natural picture of events and phenomena that occur.
Use of simulation based technology in pre-clinical years improves confidence and satisfaction among medical students
Authors: Muhammad Bilal Mirza  , Anjiya Sulaiman  , Satwat Hashmi  , Samar Zaki  , Rehana Rehman  , Rozmeen Akbar  , Admin
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To determine perception of medical students about learning from integrated simulated clinical skills sessions in Respiration and Circulation module of Year 1 undergraduate medical curriculum at Aga Khan University.
Subjects & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Centre for Innovation in Medical Education, Aga Khan University (AKU) from July 2018 to February 2019. Integrated clinical skills session involves use of a combination of live simulated patient and mechanical simulator to teach clinical skills.  These sessions were conducted in Respiration and Circulation Module of MBBS Year I curriculum after which quantitative data was collected by a questionnaire that assessed usefulness of integrated clinical skills teaching method and confidence gained by students. The responses acquired were assessed on a Likert scale ranging from 1-5, (strongly agree -strongly disagree).  Descriptive analysis was performed. A focused group discussion (FGD) with students and an in-depth interview with a facilitator conducting the clinical skills sessions was arranged. Simple verbatim transcription of FGD recordings and thematic analyses was executed.
Results: Quantitative analysis showed that more than 90% of the students believed integrated sessions were effective in acquiring the learning objectives and found them enjoyable and motivating. 80% expressed confidence that they had accomplished learning objectives and felt they have learned practical clinical skills. Qualitative analysis revealed that these sessions enhanced understanding of subject matter and student engagement during sessions.
Conclusion: Integrated clinical skills sessions improved student interest, engagement and promoted student confidence. It should be implemented in undergraduate medical teaching curriculum. Continuous...
KOMUNIKASI POLITIK SINGAPURA
Authors: Usman Abdul Rani , Sulaiman Azman , Zulyadi Teuku , Nurdin Hanifah
Published: January 2021

Singapore is a pluralistic nation consisting of various ethnicities. The majority of ethnic groups are Chinese, Malay, Indian. As a city-state that was only independent in 1965, it has various potentials, including the potential for reliable human resources. The state of Singapore was originally a Malay territory, the Sultanate of Johor. However, the area was in dispute with England. After Japan occupied Tamasek or Singapore, Singapore's sovereignty became irregular. After Japan lost to the Allies, power in Singapore became vacant. However, after independence, Singapore became a country ruled by the Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew. The Singapore government is of global concern because the Malay mainland is held by ethnic Chinese. This fame was coupled with the cleverness of Lee Kuan Yew's thinking in running a political system that accentuated various modern thoughts. This article uses the Agenda Setting Theory and Content Analysis methods. This paper shows that Singapore's Political Communication adapted to Chinese, Western and Malay thinking.
PENGARUH EKSPOR IMPOR TERHADAP CADANGAN DEVISA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Cut Nova Rianda
Published: January 2021

This  study  aims  to  analyze  the  amount  of  foreign exchange  reserve  in  Indonesia. And  the  effect  of exsports and imports on foreign exchange reserve in Indonesia. This data usade are secondary data derived from TheCentral Statistics Agency and Indonesian Banks. This research uses a quantitative analysis.  Analysis  to  see  whether  the  exsport  and  import  factors  significantly  affect  the  foreign exchanges  reserves  in  indonesia.  Based  on  the  regresion  result  in  the  know that  exports  have  a positive  and  significant  impact  on  Indonesian,s  foreign  exchange  reserve  while  imports  have  a negative and significant impact on indonesian,s foreign exchange reserve.
KENDALA MEDIASI PERCERAIAN PADA MAHKAMAH SYARIAH DI PANTAI BARAT SELATAN ACEH TAHUN 2016 â€“ 2017
Authors: Amrizal Hamsa, MA
Published: January 2021

Mediation is an alternative solution for a case that has been developing in the society. Mediation is seen as an effective and correct in solving a divorce case within the Shari'ah Court. The challenge faced by this method is the existing of mileage parties involved, judges who are too young  (inexperienced), understand only in the local language, influence from the third party, lack of mediation skills, limited room for mediation to take place, overwhelming number of divorce cases to be handled, limited time for mediation as we as a compulsion to abide to the the procedure.
DETERMINAN PENGELOLAAN ASET DAERAH PADA INSTANSI DI KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT
Authors: Nourmaliza
Published: January 2021

This study aims to examine the factors that influence the management of regional assets agencies in West Aceh District. The unit of analysis in this study is all agencies in West Aceh District, amounting to 29 agencies. Each agencies consists of 3 (three) persons who will be the respondent, namely Head of agencies, Finance Administration Officer, and Activity Technical Officer. Sources of data in this study using primary data that is the results of questionnaires obtained from respondents research. While the technique of collecting research data is done by technique of spreading of questionnaire. The analysis method used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results showed that the factor of human resource competency, internal control system and accounting information system either jointly or separately affect the management of regional assets agencies in the West Aceh District.
PERKEMBANGAN EKONOMI MAKRO PROVINSI ACEH MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Mikhral Rinaldi
Published: January 2021

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perkembangan ekonomi makro di provinsi aceh selama terjadinya pandemi COVID-19, data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang sudah diolah yang di ambil melalui kajian kepustakaan dari berbagai sumber seperi Bank Indonesia dan Badan Pusat Statistik yang mengkaji ekonomi regional suatu wilayah/daerah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat kualitatif deskriptif yang menggunakan analisis terhadap data ekonomi makro provinsi aceh triwulan I dan triwulan II tahun 2020. Dalam penelitian ekonomi makro provinsi aceh menggunakan dua sisi yang di analisis berdasarkan data yang tersaji, yaitu sisi pengeluaran dan sisi lapangan usaha. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kinerja ekonomi makro provinsi aceh selama pandemi COVID-19 mengalami kontraksi yang signifikan. Ditinjau dari sisi pengularan, penyebab utama kontraksi yang terjadi dikarenakan defisit neraca ekspor antar daerah dan negatifnya ekspor luar negeri. Sementara itu dari sisi lapangan usaha, kontraksi ekonomi utama di sebabkan oleh menurunnya lapangan usaha perdagangan besar dan eceran dan lapangan usaha transportasi. Lapangan usaha pertanian, perikanan dan kehutanan juga mengalami kontraksi akibat berkurangnya aktivitas masyarakat selama pandemi COVID-19 dan terjadinya penurunan daya beli masyarakat.

 

Kata Kunci: Makro ekonomi, COVID-19
PENGARUH PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP POLA KONSUMSI: STUDI PADA DOSEN DAN STAFF UIN AR-RANIRY
Authors: Devi  Mulia Sari
Published: January 2021

Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) memperoleh tingkat pendapatan yang berbeda-beda. Perbedaan pendapatan akan mempengaruhi perbedaan pola konsumsi masyarakat. Konsumsi masyarakat Kota Banda Aceh meningkat dari tahun ketahun. Peningkatan ini terjadi pada konsumsi makanan dan non makanan. Namun, konsumsi non makanan lebih tinggi dari pada makanan setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pendapatan rumah tangga dosen dan tenaga kependidikan terhadap prilaku konsumsi pada dosen dan tenaga kependidikan UIN Ar-raniry. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Popolasi dalam penelitian ini merupakan Dosen dan Staff pada UIN AR Raniry Banda Aceh. Sampel ditentukan secara kebetulan yang ditemui dan masuk ke dalam kategori populasi (Incidential Sampling) yang berjumlah 92 orang. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pendapatan rumah tangga terhadap pola konsumsi berpengaruh signifikan.
PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI M-HEALTH /SMARTPHONE TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PENGOBATAN PADA PASIEN TUBERKOLOSIS: TELAAH JURNAL
Authors: Kamagi Reisani Hardi , Rahman La Ode Abdul
Published: January 2021

Pendahuluan: Pemantauan terhadap penderita Tuberculosis (TB) paru dalam meningkatkan kewaspadaan pasien untuk patuh berobat sehingga mencapai kesembuhan, memutus rantai penyakit TB dan menghindari munculnya resistensi obat sangat dibutuhkan untuk kesembuhan pasien TB. Saat ini, terdapat aplikasi berbasis teknologi yang telah ditemukan dan dikembangkan untuk memaksimalkan program ini. Aplikasi yang dikenal dengan M-Health oleh WHO ini terintegrasi dengan text message dalam smartphoneagar memudahkan pasien TB paru untuk kontrol secara teratur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat tingkat kegunaan aplikasi M-Health/Smartphone terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan pada pasien Tuberculosis.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode telaah jurnal/literature review dari online database: Scopus, ScienceDirect, Clinical Key dan Springer Linkdengan menggunakan kata kunci Smartphone, Mobile Phone, Messaging, Technology, Tuberculosis, Treatment.
Hasil: Dari hasil pencarian online dan seleksi jurnal, akhirnya dipilih 10 jurnal untuk ditelaah. Dari kesepuluh jurnal didapatkan bahwa aplikasi M-Health/Smartphone memberikan kemudahan dalam pemberian pelayanan kesehatan. Pasien maupun petugas kesehatan sama-sama menerima dan memberi pelayanan yang efisien dan efektif sehingga dapat menekan angka putus obat terhadap pasien penderita Tuberculosis.
Kesimpulan: M-Health sangat memberikan manfaat dan kesempatan bagi dunia kesehatan untuk mengontrol kepatuhan pasien penderita Tuberculosis.
PENERAPAN GAMIFICATION BERBASIS ANDROID PADA SASARAN PROMOSI KESEHATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT: TINJAUAN LITERATUR
Authors: Vesdiana Vesdiana , Rahman La Ode Abdul
Published: January 2021

Pendahuluan: Promosi kesehatan merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mengurangi angka kesakitan dan kematian. Berbagai inovasi telah dilakukan untuk menemukan  strategi yang tepat dalam melaksanakan promosi kesehatan. Rumah sakit yang sebelumnya fokus kepada ranah kuratif dan rehabilitatif, melalui tuntutan akreditasi harus melaksanakan pengorganisasian promosi kesehatan. Pada era milenium, perkembangan teknologi sangat cepat, terjadi peningkatan jumlah pengguna smartphone. Permainan game menjadi hal yang menarik dari semua kalangan usia. Strategi promosi kesehatan belum berjalan dengan optimal di Rumah Sakit, perlu metode yang efektif dan menyenangkan. Tujuan untuk memberikan gambaran dan gagasan dari hasil literature review tentang kemungkinan penerapan strategi promosi kesehatan di rumah sakit dengan metode gamification.
Metode: Dengan melakukan kajian literatur terhadap jurnal jurnal pilihan.
Hasil: Dari hasil telaah dan review 10 jurnal pilihan,didapatkan bahwa guna mengembangkan strategi promosi kesehatan , gamification merupakan metode yang perlu dikembangkan dan diaplikasikan.
Kesimpulan: Gamification dapat menjadi pilihan metode promosi kesehatan rumah sakit sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi.
Erasmus Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medya Kullanımları Ve “Anı Kaçırma Korkusu” (FoMO)
Authors: SEZERER ALBAYRAK Eda
Published: January 2021

İnsanların sosyal medya platformlarından (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram vs.) gündelik yaşam pratiklerini (yeme – içme, sosyalleşme, vs.) sürekli ve daimi olarak paylaşmaları, kendilerini takip eden bireyler tarafından izlenme ve onların paylaşımlarını kaçırma korkusunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. “Anı Kaçırma Korkusu” (FoMO-Fear of Missing Out), bir tür bağımlılık yaratarak sosyal medya aracında yer alan diğerlerini takip etme arzusuyla kendinden geçen takipçilerde, sosyal medya aracında takip ettikleri bireyin nerede, ne zaman ne yaptığını merak ederek bu gerçekleştirilen eylemleri kendisinin de yaşamak istemesi aynısı olmasa bile “mış gibi” yapabilme isteği ya da yapılan her etkinlikten haberdar olma endişesi bulunmaktadır. Bu karma yöntem pilot çalışması, sosyal medyanın yurtdışındaki öğrenim alma deneyimini nasıl etkilediğini ve özellikle yurtdışında okuyan öğrencilerin FoMO deneyimini yaşayıp yaşamadıklarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Anket sonuçlarına ve yurtdışında öğrenim gören öğrencilerden toplanan odak grup verilerine dayanarak, katılımcıların sosyal medyayı hangi sıklıkla kullandıkları, sosyal medya kullanım amaçlarında herhangi bir değişikliğin olup olmadığı, yurtdışında oldukları süre zarfında sosyal medya platformlarında gördükleri yakın çevresine ait paylaşımların duygu durumlarını hangi yönde etkilediği ve sosyal medya platformlarına erişim sıkıntısı yaşadıklarında bu durum karşısında verdikleri tepkiler ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır.
Detection of Muscle Activities in the sEMG Signal by Using Frequency Features and Adaptive Decision Threshold
Authors: Hameed Husamuldeen Khalid , Hasan Wan Zuha Wan , Shafie Suhaidi , Ahmad Siti Anom , Jaafar Haslina , Mat Liyana Najwa Inche
Published: January 2021

Reliable detection of muscle activities from the surface electromyography (sEMG) signal is an important factor that makes the sEMG controlled orthotic devices a practical tool for assisting disabled people. In spite of the advantages of employing the sEMG signal as a control signal, the changes in the amplitude characteristics of this signal due to many factors and consequent variations in the required decision threshold may impede this control paradigm from being a reliable control method for such devices. Therefore, the performance of the algorithms intended to detect muscle activities should be immune against the involuntary amplitude variations of the sEMG signal. Moreover, the decision threshold value must be adaptive to the changes in the sEMG signal characteristics to reduce the number of false alarms that may arise with the fixed threshold and lead to unintended movements to these devices. In this paper, an amplitude-independent algorithm had been developed with an adaptive decision threshold; the algorithm employed only frequency features of the sEMG signal to detect muscle activities. These features are the previously developed Adaptive Zero Crossing feature and the new proposed Adaptive Wilson Amplitude feature. The Mean Instantaneous Frequency value of the sEMG signal was used as an adaptive decision threshold value to improve the detection performance and to minimize the number of false alarms produced with the utilization of inappropriate fixed decision threshold value. A comparison with an amplitude-independent algorithm that employed fixed decision threshold had revealed an improved performance regarding the resistance against false alarms.
Regression Equation between Required Force and Lumbar Load of Caregiver in Supporting Standing-up Motion via Computational Musculoskeletal Simulation
Authors: Kitagawa Kodai , Nishisako Yoshiki , Nagasaki Takayuki , Nakano Sota , Hida Mitsumasa , Okamatsu Shogo , Wada Chikamune
Published: January 2021

Caregivers experience low back pain because of patient handling such as supporting standing-up. The lumbar load of a caregiver depends on the required force for patient handling motions. If the relationship between the required force and the lumbar load is quantitatively clarified, it may be useful for preventing low back pain in caregivers. In this study, we investigated the quantitative relationships between the required force and lumbar loads such as vertebral stress and muscle activity in supporting standing-up by computational musculoskeletal simulation. First, a musculoskeletal model of a caregiver was prepared, and then the model performed simulated supporting standing-up motions. The vertical load used as the required force was placed on the upper limb of the model. The compressive/shear stress of the vertebral (L4–L5) and muscle activities of spinae erector muscle group were recorded as the lumbar load. The results showed that there are highly significant correlations between the required force (r > 0.9, p < 0.01). In addition, regression equations for predicting each lumbar load by the required force with highly determination coefficients (R2 > 0.9) were obtained from these relationships. Furthermore, we found that when the required force was more than 120 N, the compression stresses of the vertebral exceeded injury threshold (3400 N) by the regression equation. These regression equations contribute to quantitatively consider lumbar loads of caregiver during patient handling based on injury thresholds and the required force.
Acetylcholine Receptor-based Biosensor Derived from Asian
Swamp Eel, Monopterus Albus for Heavy Metals Biomonitoring
Authors: Khalidi Siti Aishah Muhammad , Sabullah Mohd Khalizan , Sani Suraya Abdul , Shukor Mohd Yunus Abd , Basirun Ain Aqilah , Gafar A’aishah Abd , Jaafar ‘Izazy Nur Mohd , Nordin Noreen
Published: January 2021

Cholinesterase-based biosensor well known as a sensitive method to detect the existence of harmful dissolved compounds in any type of water source, especially the river. This alternative biosensor can be used to determine the level of pollution of the water in a short period of time as well as to evaluate the low cost and simple service. The aim of this study was to exceed the effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase source extracted from the brain tissue of Asian swamp eel; Monopterus albus as a potential environmental biosensor. Purified acetylcholinesterase exposed to a different type of metal ions and mercury showed the highest percentage of inhibition at 62.9% followed by chromium at 59.22% while silver, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, zinc a¬¬nd lead at not more than 50% (approximately 37-50%). Metal ions such as mercury, zinc, chromium and copper showed exponential decay type inhibition curves with calculated half maximal inhibitory concentration; IC50 in the ascending sensitivity order 0.005, 0.595, 0.687 and 1.329 mgL-1, respectively. Field trial works exhibited that the acetylcholinesterase was applicable in sensing heavy metals pollution from the river which closed to the industrial and agricultural sites at near real-time and verified using ICP-OES. This study proves the potential use of acetylcholinesterase sourced from M. albus as a biomonitoring tool to assess the contamination level of the river.
Profiling of Cholinesterase Extracted from The Brain Tissue of Diodon hystrix and Its Inhibition Reaction Towards Carbamates
Authors: Haris Akid , Nordin Noreen , Mustapa Nur Azizah , Sani Suraya Abd. , Shukor Mohd Yunus , Sabullah Mohd Khalizan
Published: January 2021

Diodon hystrix, commonly known as spot-fin porcupine fish is a salt-water fish belonging to the Diodontidae family. It is widely distributed in Sabah wet market due to its commercial value. This study exploits the effectiveness of Cholinesterase (ChE) obtained from the brain tissue of D. hystrix in detecting carbamates inhibitory activities. Carbamate pesticides known to inhibit ChE and toxic towards living organisms can contaminate the water bodies. By using diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) Sepharose ion exchange chromatography, a total of 40% recovery yield of ChE was obtained with a 165.77 purification fold. Furthermore, the ChE showed a high affinity towards acetylthiocholine iodide (ATC) with an optimum activity at pH 7.45 and temperature ranging from 20 to 40℃. Among five different types of carbamates, methomyl was found to have the highest percentage of inhibition analyzed using ChE inhibitory assay, followed by carbofuran, bendiocarb, carbaryl and propoxur with >85% inhibition rate. The results concluded that ChEs extracted from the brain tissue of D. hystrix are applicable to be used as a bioindicator in detecting the presence of carbamates.
Cholinesterase from the Liver of Diodon hystrix for Detection of Metal Ions
Authors: Nordin Noreen , Cletus Ronaldo Ron , Sabullah Mohd Khalizan , Khalidi Siti Aishah Muhammad , Abdulla Rahmath , Ahmad Siti Aqlima
Published: January 2021

The discharge of industrial effluents into nearby water bodies affects the inhabitants including living organisms. The presence of foreign materials such as heavy metals can be a threat to the ecosystem as they are enormously carcinogenic even though in minute concentration. Hence, an economical and time-efficient preliminary screening test is crucial to be developed for the detection of heavy metals, prior to employment of high technology instruments. In this study, cholinesterase (ChE) from Sabah porcupine fish, Diodon hystrix was purified to test for its potential as an alternative biosensor in detecting metal ions. Few enzymatic parameters including specificity of substrate, temperature and pH were applied to determine its optimal enzymatic activity. ChE enzyme was found to be more sensitive towards the presence of substrate, butyrylthiocholine iodide (BTC), in contrast to acetylthiocholine iodide (ATC) and propionylthiocholine iodide (PTC) with the effective coefficient at 7193, 3680.15 and 2965.26 Vmax/Km, respectively. Moreover, the extracted ChE enzyme showed the optimum activity at pH 9 of 0.1 M Tris-HCl and at 25°C to 30°C range of temperature. When subjected to heavy metals, ChE enzyme was significantly inhibited as the enzyme activity was reduced in the sequence of Hg > Ag > Cr > Cu > Cd > Pb ≥ Zn > As. As a conclusion, the partially purified ChE enzyme proved its sensitivity towards metal ion exposure and can be used as an alternative method in screening the level of contamination in the environment.
Effect of Steam and Bleaching Treatment on the Characteristics of Pineapple Leaves Fibre Derived Cellulose
Authors: Gnanasekaran Surenthiran , Muslih Siti Nur Najihah , Shariffuddin Jun Haslinda , Nordin Noor Ida Amalina Ahamad
Published: January 2021

Pineapple leaf fibres (PALF) is one of the abundant residues generated from pineapple plantation. The residues are left on the plantation for nutrient cycling or burning, and this circumstance leads to environmental issues. PALF has high cellulose content among other natural fibres. Cellulose is a reinforcing element that exists as whisker-like microfibrils and has a long-chain structure. In this study, cellulose produced from PALF was treated by steam and chemical treatment. The fibre was treated with steam at 121°C, a pressure of 21 psi for 30 or 60 min. Next, the steam-treated fibre was treated with 5 wt% sodium chlorite (NaClO2) solution with pH adjusted between 4 and 5 for 90 min. The condition was varied with three different temperatures, which were room temperature, 50, and 70°C. Then, the bleached fibre was treated with 5 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at room temperature for 3 h. After the treatments, the fibre was analysed for its thermal stability, morphology, and chemical composition. Cellulose obtained from the treatment condition of steam for 60 min, bleaching at 70°C, and alkali treatment at room temperature expressed the highest degradation temperature of 276°C at 20% weight loss, percentage of cellulose of 86% and lowest moisture content (8%) compared to others sample. It also had an excellent surface morphology with finest fibril disintegration. It showed longer steam treatment (60 min) degrading more hemicellulose; and bleaching treatment at high temperature (70°C), increasing the rate of oxidative delignification. In conclusion, the suggested treatment provides a simple but efficient method to isolate cellulose that can be used for various types of applications.
A NEW LOW POWER TECHNOLOGY FOR POWER REDUCTION IN SRAM’S USING READ STABILITY WITH REDUCED TRANSISTOR COUNT FOR FUTURE CACHES
Authors: KRISHNA K. HARI , HAREESH P.
Published: January 2021

In this paper we are going to modify the Schmitt Trigger based SRAM for the purpose of more reduced power & area than the existing type of designs as well as the new design which is combined of virtual grounding with read Error Reduction Logic is compared with the existing technologies & the nanometer technology is also improved for the purpose of much improved reduction of area & power factors than the Schmitt Trigger based SRAM Designs the simulations were done using microwind & DSCH results.
DESIGN OF IMPROVED PERFORMANCE RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA USING PEACOCK AND STAR SHAPED DGS
Authors: KAUR PREET , NEHRA RAJIV , KADIAN MANJEET , DE DR. ASOK , AGGARWAL DR. S.K.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, two novel defected ground structures (DGS) are proposed to improve the return loss, compactness, gain and radiation efficiency of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The performance of antenna is characterized by the shape, dimension & the location of DGS at specific position on ground plane. By incorporating a peacock shaped slot of optimum geometries at suitable location on the ground plane, return loss is enhanced from -23.89 dB to -43.79 dB, radiation efficiency is improved from 97.66% to 100% and compactness of 9.83% is obtained over the traditional antenna .Simulation results shows that the patch antenna with star shaped DGS can improve the impedance matching with better return loss of -35.053 dB from -23.89 dB and compactness of 9% is achieved. In the end comparison of both DGS shapes is carried out to choose one best optimize one. The proposed antennas are simulated and analyzed using Ansoft HFSS (version 11.1) software.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Topical Application of Virgin Coconut Oil in the Prevention of Nosocomial Infections in Neonates Born ≤ 34 Weeks Gestational Age
Authors: Bautista Resti Ma. M. , Mantaring, III Jacinto Blas V. , Ong-Lim Anna Lisa
Published: January 2021

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Comparison of the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Filipino Adolescents Based on Two Definitions
Authors: Chan-Cua Sioksoan
Published: January 2021

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Knowledge and Practices of Water Refilling Station Owners and Operators in Providing Safe and Wholesome Drinking Water Supply in One Municipality of Cavit
Authors: Cope Monica Alice B. , Gutierrez Samantha Anne S. , Mañalac Moira Madelle C. , Ocampo Maria Lourdes Ann D.J. , Perez Pauline P. , Quizon Romeo R.
Published: January 2021

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Interrupted Time Series Study on the Completeness and Acceptability of the Cause of Death Statement in Death Certificates
Authors: Tolabing Ma. Carmen C. , Carnate Josephine M. , Tinio Christine S. , Marcelo Danaida B.
Published: January 2021

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A Validation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in the Medically-Ill
Authors: De  Guzman Ma. Lourdes Rosanna E.
Published: January 2021

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Hemolytic Anemia Presenting as Hemoglobinuria from Intentional Paradichlorobenzene Mothball Ingestion
Authors: Manalo Mary Ondinee U. , Quingking Cherie Grace G. , Dioquino Carissa Paz C.
Published: January 2021

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Genetic Polymorphisms in CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, NAT1 and NAT2 and Oral Cavity Cancer Risk among Filipinos
Authors: Cutiongco-De La Paz Eva Maria C. , Ngelangel Corazon A. , Pontejos Alfredo Y. , Padilla Carmencita D. , Silao Catherine Lynn T. , Cortez Regie Lyn S. , Rocamora Frances C. , Cabungcal Arsenio C. , Yang Nathaniel  W. , Vicente Gil M. , Javelosa Mark U.
Published: January 2021

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Hand Infections at UP-PGH: A Retrospective Study from 2005-2010
Authors: Bautista Jose Ma. D. , Taguba Carl Ryan Marino D.
Published: January 2021

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Policy Alternatives to Reduce the Health and Economic Effects of Continued Asbestos Use in the Philippines
Authors: Quizon Romeo R. , Lam Hilton Y. , Lopez Jaifred Christian F. , Lomboy Marian Fe Theresa C. , Rivera Ana Trinidad F.
Published: January 2021

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Occupational Health Systems across Selected Public Healthcare Facilities in the Philippines
Authors: Hernandez Paul Michael R. , Quizon Romeo R. , Lacsamana Guillano C. , Remaneses Joanna I.
Published: January 2021

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Transovarial Transmission of Dengue Virus in Aedes aegypti: A Case in Quezon City, Philippine
Authors: Bawalan Ralph Julius G. , Salazar Nelia P. , Heralde III Francisco M.
Published: January 2021

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Prevalence of Clinically Diagnosed Acute Otitis Media (AOM) in the Philippines: a National Survey with a Developing Country’s Perspective
Authors: Caro Ruzanne M. , Llanes Erasmo Gonzalo DV. , Ricalde Rosario R. , Sarol Jr. Jesus N.
Published: January 2021

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Multiple Sagittal Sinus Arteriovenous Fistula Resulting from a Transverse Sinus Venous Thrombosis Presenting with Superior Orbital Vein Engorgement and Status Epilepticus: A Case Report
Authors: Moll Mari Anne Kristin Dale N. , Canto Patricia Ann D. , Shiong Shu Leah L. , Pascual Jose Leonard R.
Published: January 2021

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Bevacizumab in HER2neu Negative Locally Recurrent and Metastatic Breast Cancer: The BHerN Review
Authors: Manalo Mary Ondinee U. , Agana Mark Anthony E. , Ngelangel Corazon A
Published: January 2021

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The Status of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control in the Philippines: A Systematic Revie
Authors: Pinlac Paul Adrian V. , Castillo Eleanor C. , Guevarra Jonathan P. , Escartin Ivanhoe C. , Caluag Ma. Elizabeth I. , Granada Carmela N. , Tagunicar Luz B. , Banda Aurora D. , Go John Juliard L. , Kim Jae Kyoun , Sy Christopher Allu S. , Maceda Arvin A.
Published: January 2021

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Perceived Occupational Hazards of Sanitary Inspectors from Two Urban Cities in the Philippines
Authors: Carlos Anne Clarisse C. , Enoveso Rose Abigail D. , Palmares Maria Lelis E. , Sayson Lorra Angelia dC. , Tejano Kim Patrick S. , Manalang Jr. Gayline F.
Published: January 2021

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Prevalent Congenital Anomalies and Metabolic Disorders among Live-Born Neonates in Hospitals in General Santos City, Philippines (2009-2012)
Authors: Zapico Florence L. , Penaflorida Adrian T. , Aguilar Catherine Hazel M. , Palarpalar Eillen Gay I.
Published: January 2021

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Validation of Salivary Cortisol among Filipino Adults Suspected with Cushing’s Syndrome
Authors: Lo Tom Edward N. , Ngalob Queenie G. , Holgado-Galicia Margarita Victoria , Lantion-Ang Frances Lina
Published: January 2021

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Benchmarking Anesthesia-Controlled Times at a Tertiary General Hospital in the Philippines
Authors: Cruz Patricia Lorna O. , Prudente Emmanuel S. , Lapitan Marie Carmela M.
Published: January 2021

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Association of Glutathione-S-Transferase M1, P1, and T1 Gene Polymorphisms with Treatment Response in Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Dion-Berboso April Grace , Alcausin Ma. Melanie Liberty B. , Padilla Carmencita D. , Fajardo Pamela D. , Silao Catherine Lynn T.
Published: January 2021

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of the Community Residents Concerning the Prevention and Control of Leptospirosis in the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines
Authors: Guevarra Jonathan P. , Borja Maridel P. , Gloriani Nina G. , Napulan Roderick M. , Yoshida Shin-ichi
Published: January 2021

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Gradients in Wealth Quintile and Access to Maternal Care Services: Reanalysis of Data from the Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey 2013
Authors: Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
Published: January 2021

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Establishing the Legal Framework of Telehealth in the Philippines
Authors: Patdu Ivy D. , Tenorio Allan S.
Published: January 2021

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Community Health Information and Tracking System (CHITS): Lessons from Eight Years Implementation of a Pioneer Electronic Medical Record System in the Philippines
Authors: Ongkeko, Jr. Arturo M. , Fernandez Randy G. , Sylim Patrick G. , Amoranto Abegail Jayne P. , Ronquillo-Sy Marie-Irene , Santos Abby Dariel F. , Fabia Jonathan G. , Fernandez-Marcelo Portia H.
Published: January 2021

The CHITS (Community Health Information and Tracking System), the first electronic medical record system in the Philippines that is used widely, has persevered through time and slowly extended its geographic footprint, even without a national policy. This study describes the process of CHITS development, its enabling factors and challenges affecting its adoption, and its continuing use and expansion through eight years of implementation (2004 to 2012) using the HOT-fit model. This paper used a case study approach. CHITS was developed through a collaborative and participative user-centric strategies. Increased efficiency, improved data quality, streamlined records management and improved morale among government health workers are benefits attributed to CHITS. Its longevity and expansion through peer and local policy adoption speaks of an eHealth technology built for and by the people. While computerization has been adapted by an increasing number of local governments, needs of end-users, program managers and policy-makers continue to evolve. Challenges in keeping CHITS technically robust, up-to-date and scalable are already encountered. Lack of standards hampers meaningful data exchange and use across different information systems. Infrastructure for electricity and connectivity especially in the countryside must be established more urgently to meet over-all development goals specially. Policy and operational gaps identified in this study have to be addressed using peoplecentric perspective and participatory strategies with the urgency to achieve universal health care. Further rigorous research studies need be done to evaluate CHITS' effects on public health program management, and on clinical outcomes.
Combinations of Chloroquine with Tigecycline and Telithromycin Induce Early Onset of Apoptosis in Plasmodium falciparum in vitro
Authors: Del Rosario Joanne Marie M. , Lazaro Jose Enrico H.
Published: January 2021

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The Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact of a Community-based Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Program in the Philippines
Authors: Rivera Adovich S. , Lam Hilton Y. , Chiong Charlotte M. , Reyes-Quintos Maria Rina T. , Ricalde Rosario R.
Published: January 2021

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The Relationship of the Posterior Interosseous Nerve to the Supinator Muscle in the Dorsal Approach to the Proximal Radius: A Descriptive and Quantitative Anatomic Study of Filipino Cadavers
Authors: Reyes Leslie M. , Kho Phillip Anthony B. , Wang Edward H.M.
Published: January 2021

Background and Objective. The posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) is vulnerable to injury in the dorsal approach to the proximal radius. The goal of this study is to describe the quantitative relationship of the PIN to the supinator muscle in the context of anatomic landmarks. Knowledge of superficial landmarks related to the PIN would hopefully minimize iatrogenic injury to the posterior interosseous nerve. Methods. 12 cadavers (22 forearms) were dissected and analyzed. The length of the supinator muscle was determined. The oblique distances of the PIN entry and exit points to the proximal and distal borders of the supinator muscle as well as their perpendicular distances to the lateral epicondyle-Lister’s tubercle (LE-LT) reference line were measured and recorded. The number of PIN branches inside the supinator substance was recorded. Mean and median values were determined and subjected to statistical analysis. Results. Mean supinator length was 5 centimeters. Ninety-one percent of the cadaveric forearms had PIN branches inside the supinator muscle substance. Twelve of the 22 forearms (55%) had 2 branches. The mean oblique distances of the PIN from the lateral epicondyle to the entry and exit points in the proximal and distal borders of the supinator muscle was 3.52 and 7.31 centimeters, respectively. The mean perpendicular distances of the PIN from LE-LT reference line to the entry and exit points in the proximal and distal borders of the supinator muscle was 1.13 and 1.26 centimeters, respectively. An imaginary danger-zone 4 centimeters wide overlying the LE-LT reference line depicts the possible area where the PIN and its branches may most likely be located. Conclusion. The dorsal approach to the proximal radius may allow a safe exposure without causing iatrogenic injury to the posterior interosseous nerve through the use of superficial anatomic landmarks and reference lines in combination with mean measurements from our study. Key
The Anti-Asthmatic Effect of the Combined Yerba Buena (Mentha arvensis Linn.) and Oregano (Coleus amboinicus Lour.) Leaves in BALB/c Mice Model of Allergic Asthma
Authors: Robles Joyce Ann H. , Yu Gracia Fe B.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Asthma is an IgE-mediated inflammatory response characterized by hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and reversible airflow obstruction. Currently, asthma affects 12 - 22% of the population in the Philippines. Anecdotal reports showed that yerba buena (Mentha arvensis Linn.) and oregano (Coleus amboinicus Lour.) are utilized for treating asthma in the folk culture. Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of combined Yerba Buena (Mentha arvensis Linn.) and Oregano (Coleus amboinicus Lour.) leaves extract in asthma-induced mice. Methods. This study investigated the anti-asthmatic activity of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of the combined herbs in asthma-induced mice using immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a parameter. Results. Aqueous- and methanol-treated mice has 50% and 60% reduction in the IgE level, respectively (p = 0.018). The extracts exhibited a significant (p = 0.001) anti-inflammatory activity in mice that further proved its effect on IgE. Moreover, lung histopathology also established the potential effect of the extract through the widening of the alveoli on treated mice. Conclusion. Combined Yerba Buena and Oregano aqueous and methanol extracts may have a potential health benefit against asthma.
L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria – a Rare Type of Organic Aciduria Presenting as Seizures and Developmental Delay in a Filipino Child
Authors: Lopez Cristine P. , Decena Sheryl V. , Fonacier Kathleen Gayl D. , Chiong Mary Anne D.
Published: January 2021

L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA) is a rare, autosomal recessive organic aciduria with increased levels of L-2hydroxyglutaric acid in the urine and other body fluids. Clinical presentation includes developmental delay, epilepsy, and typical neuroimaging findings. This is a report of the clinical, neuroimaging, and biochemical findings of the first diagnosed case of L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in the Philippines. This paper likewise reaffirms the importance of locally available biochemical tests in diagnosing inborn error of metabolism.
Blood Pressure Measurement Training Program and Adherence of Public Health Nurses to BP Measurement Guidelines
Authors: Pagsibigan Jesusa S. , Balabagno Araceli O. , Tuazon Josefina A. , Evangelista Lorraine S.
Published: January 2021

Objective. To compare the level of adherence of public health nurses to BP measurement guidelines based on their knowledge of the guidelines and skills in BP measurement before and after Blood Pressure Measurement Training Program (BPMTP). Methods. An experimental pre- and post-test design using twostaged cluster randomization was conducted. 118 PHNs (mean age ± 38.45 years, mean years of experience ± 13.45 years; 84.1% women) from six districts in Manila were equally assigned to either the BPMTP group or control group. Structured instruments were used. Results. Demographic characteristics, current BP measurement practices, and level of adherence to BP measurement guidelines based on knowledge of the guidelines and skills in BP measurement were equivalent in both groups at baseline. Nurses in the BPMTP group showed improved adherence (p=<0.05) compared to nurses in the control group. Both groups did not show significant change in their skill on recording, interpretation, and referral (p=1.000). Conclusion. This study showed that Blood Pressure Measurement Training Package is feasible in improving adherence of nurses based on their increased knowledge of the BP measurement guidelines and skills in BP measurement. A larger-scale study is warranted to show that BPMTP can potentially improve clinical management of hypertension in public health clinics globally.
Evaluation of tuberculosis Infection control Strategies at the Philippine General Hospital
Authors: Agustin Ruth Divine D. , Lucero Josephine Anne C. , Berba Regina P.
Published: January 2021

Background. Nosocomial TB transmission adversely affects inpatients and healthcare workers (HCWs). HCWs have a higher risk of tuberculosis and MDR-TB compared to the general population. Nosocomial TB outbreaks have occurred among patients with HIV/AIDS. Hospitals need to examine TB infection control measures in order to address this growing concern.

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the TB infection control strategies in the adult service wards of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH).

Methods. This descriptive study was conducted on adult inpatients with bacteriologically-confirmed PTB admitted in April-August 2016. A data collection tool based on Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines was utilized for chart review. Baseline characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and isolation intervals were obtained and compared between areas. In-hospital TB infection control practices were reviewed using the CDC TB Risk Assessment Worksheet with data from the TB-DOTS, UP Health Service, PGH Hospital Infection Control Unit, and PGH Department of Laboratories.

Results. Of the 95 patients with bacteriologically-confirmed PTB, data from 72 medical records were available and included in the analysis. Majority were Medicine patients (55.6%) with a diagnosis of pneumonia (52.8%). Only 61.1% were PTB suspects on admission. The mean diagnosis interval was 5.82 days±5.473, the mean treatment interval was 0.77 days±2.941, and the mean isolation interval was 8.23 days±6.372. Only 41.7% were successfully isolated. The most common reasons for isolation failure/delay were lack of vacancy (ER, Medicine wards) and lack of isolation room (Surgical wards). Treatment initiation rate was 66.7% while TB-DOTS inpatient referral rate was 55.6%. The hospital is classified as having potential ongoing transmission of PTB.

Conclusion. In this study, TB treatment was promptly started but there were delays in diagnosis and isolation. Gaps included 1) lack of recognition of a PTB case, 2) limited isolation rooms, and 3) inadequate utilization of TB-DOTS. TB infection control measures need to be strengthened in order to prevent nosocomial transmission of PTB.
Enabling Factors, Hindrances, and Self-perceived Level of Preparedness of Typhoon Haiyan Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Responders
Authors: Lam Hilton Y. , Gundran Carlos Primero D. , Lopez Jaifred Christian F. , Santamaria Emelia B. , Tuazon Anna Cristina A. , Tayao Lotgarda
Published: January 2021

Background. Despite the implementation of policies related to disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines, the response after Typhoon Haiyan in November 2013 was hampered by operational challenges.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to document disaster response experiences of Typhoon Haiyan from field level emergency medical service (EMS) responders, a key component of the disaster response, specifically the enabling factors and hindrances to disaster medical response activities, including their self-perceived level of preparedness in these activities.

Methods. In this mixed-methods study, 52 respondents identified enabling factors and hindrances to their disaster response and their corresponding self-perceived level of preparedness. In a subsequent focus group discussion, the researchers used the nominal group technique to process the respondents’ experiences.

Results. The respondents identified factors that enabled or hindered their response activities such as coordination, stress debriefing, infrastructure, and preparedness. Furthermore, an average of 33% of the respondents said they were adequately prepared to deliver the necessary medical services during the disaster response, thus validating previous studies on preparedness and disaster response operations.

Conclusion. The government should critically examine its cluster approach to disaster response and consider an integrated, inclusive, and proactive approach in disaster planning.