bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mana Motuhake o Ngāti Porou: Decolonising Health Literacy
Authors: Carlson Teah
Published: December 2019

This paper explores decolonising health literacy by reclaiming historical practices shared by Māori to develop a kaupapa Māori health literacy evaluation framework. The work is based on a research innovation within a Primary Health Organisation – Ngāti Porou Hauora – that defines health literacy within the context of the community. This research promotes reclamation of health literacy as a space for Māori to be ourselves; a space that is negotiated, adaptive, and shaped by people, whānau (family group) and communities. The framework attempts to reflect participants’ voices, perceptions, understandings and experiences. Its design was informed by a kaupapa Māori praxis, and aspires to co-ownership, mutually beneficial outcomes and shared power through prioritising participants’ voices to shape and develop the criteria for determining the goals and action areas related to health literacy. The framework includes overall goals and action areas for practicing effective health literacy at individual, whānau, health professional, intervention/programme, and organisational levels. This paper is an example of how Māori can promote and practice health literacy in the context of our histories, honouring a pathway of transformation through decolonising methods.
Introduction: Migration and Migrant Lives: Improvisation, Creativity, and Adaptation
Authors: Lennox Amie L.
Published: December 2019

This issue addresses the fixity and motion of migration in two broad areas. The first is the idea of identities in motion, in flux. This idea has been the habitat of anthropologists for decades. How do migrants and refugees make sense of the new world that they inhabit, and the process by which they have come to be in a new place? Who are they now, what does community look like, what are the relationships between the past, the present, and the future, when a person is supplanted in a new culture, place, and climate? The other aspect is the precarity of migrants and asylum seekers when they are in motion, when they find themselves temporary, in transit, struggling to attain a better position in the global economy or even just to survive. The precarity of migrants away from social structures and the known is magnified and multiplied under indifferent, exclusionary, and hostile host settings. In both senses, migration becomes a space of making and remaking worlds and identities. The articles in this issue reveal how, even on multiple planes of choice and necessity for survival, migration is a site of incredible creativity, strategy, and unexpected connections.
Mueller matrix ellipsometry of waveplates for control of their properties and alignment
Authors: Koleják Pierre , Vala Daniel , Postava Kamil , Provazníková Pavlína , Pištora Jaromír
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the authors characterize high-order quartz waveplates in the wide spectral range (from 193 to 1700 nm) using a commercial Mueller matrix ellipsometer RC2-DI-Woollam. They demonstrate that Mueller matrix ellipsometry is a powerful tool to obtain the waveplate retardation in a wide spectral range together with azimuthal angles of optical axes with good accuracy. Moreover, they deal with depolarization caused by a finite monochromator bandwidth, which is included in the model using incoherent averaging of Mueller matrices. The application of Lu–Chipman Mueller matrix decomposition to extract depolarization from data is also demonstrated. Finally, Lu–Chipman decomposition is used to demonstrate the presence of the optical activity in quartz, which one may misinterpret with incorrect alignment of the waveplate azimuth angle.
A Case Series and Literature Review of Isavuconazole Use in Pediatric Patients with Hemato-oncologic Diseases and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Decembrino N. , Perruccio K. , Zecca M. , Colombini A. , Calore E. , Muggeo P. , Soncini E. , Comelli A. , Molinaro M. , Goffredo B. M. , De Gregori S. , Giardini I. , Scudeller L. , Cesaro S.
Published: December 2019

We analyzed the use of isavuconazole (ISA) as treatment or prophylaxis for invasive fungal disease (IFD) in children with hemato-oncologic diseases. A multicentric retrospective analysis was performed among centers belonging to the Italian Association for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (AIEOP). Pharmacokinetic (PK) monitoring was applied by a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HLPC-MS/MS) assay.
Penetration of Ibrexafungerp (Formerly SCY-078) at the Site of Infection in an Intra-abdominal Candidiasis Mouse Model
Authors: Lee Annie , Prideaux Brendan , Zimmerman Matthew , Carter Claire , Barat Stephen , Angulo David , Dartois Véronique , Perlin David S. , Zhao Yanan
Published: December 2019

Ibrexafungerp (IBX), formerly SCY-078, is a novel, oral and intravenous, semisynthetic triterpenoid glucan synthase inhibitor in clinical development for treating multiple fungal infections, including invasive candidiasis. Intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) is one of the most common types of invasive candidiasis associated with high mortality largely due to poor drug exposure in infected lesions.
Understanding the role of diabetes in the osteoarthritis disease and treatment process: a study protocol for the Swedish Osteoarthritis and Diabetes (SOAD) cohort
Authors: Dell'Isola Andrea , Vinblad Johanna , Lohmander Stefan , Svensson Ann-Marie , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Franzén Stefan , Nauclér Emma , W-Dahl A , Abbott Allan , Dahlberg L , Rolfson Ola , Englund Martin
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Metabolic comorbidities such as type II diabetes occur with a higher rate in people with OA than in the general population. Several factors including obesity, hyperglycaemia toxicity and physical inactivity have been suggested as potential links between diabetes and OA, and have been shown to negatively impact patients’ health and quality of life. However, little is known on the role of diabetes in determining the outcome of non-surgical and surgical management of OA, and at the same time, how different OA interventions may affect diabetes control. Thus, the overall aim of this project is to explore (1) the impact of diabetes on the outcome of non-surgical and surgical OA treatments and (2) the impact of non-surgical and surgical OA treatments on diabetes control.

Methods and analysis

The study cohort is based on prospectively ascertained register data on a national level in Sweden. Data from OA patients who received a first-line non-surgical intervention and are registered in the National Quality Register for Better Management of Patients with Osteoarthritis will be merged with data from the Swedish Knee and Hip Arthroplasty Registers and the National Diabetes Register. Additional variables regarding patients’ use of prescribed drugs, comorbidities, socioeconomic status and cause of death will be obtained through other national health and population data registers. The linkage will be performed on an individual level using unique personal identity numbers.

Ethics and dissemination

This study received ethical approval (2019-02570) from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. Results from this cohort will be submitted to peer-reviewed scientific journals and reported at the leading national and international meetings in the field.
Association of volume of self-directed versus assigned interpretive work with diagnostic performance of radiologists: an observational study
Authors: Amemiya Shiori , Mori Harushi , Takao Hidemasa , Abe Osamu
Published: December 2019

Objectives

To understand the sources of variability in diagnostic performance among experienced radiologists.

Design

All prostate MRI examinations performed between 2016 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.

Setting

University hospital in Japan.

Participants

Data derived from 334 pathology-proven cases (male, mean age: 70 years; range: 35–90 years) that were interpreted by 10 experienced radiologists were subjected to the analysis.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Diagnostic performance measures of the radiologists were compared with candidate factors, including interpretive volume of prostate MRIs, volume of self-directed and assigned total annual interpretive work, and years of experience. The potential influence of fatigue was also evaluated by examining the effect of the report’s issue time.

Results

There were 186 prostate cancer cases. Performance was based on accuracy, sensitivity and specificity (86%, 85% and 84%, respectively). While performance was not correlated with the volume of prostate MRIs, per se (ρ=–0.15, p=0.69; ρ=–0.01, p=0.99; ρ=–0.33, p=0.36) or the total MRIs assigned for each radiologist (p>0.6) or years of experience (p>0.4), all measures were strongly correlated with voluntary work represented by the interpretive volume of abdominal CTs (r=0.79, p<0.01; r=0.80, p<0.01; r=0.64, p=0.048). The performance did not differ based on the issue time of the report (morning, afternoon and evening) (χ2(2)=3.65, p=0.16).

Conclusions

Greater autonomy, represented as enhanced self-directed interpretive work, was most significantly correlated with the performance of prostate MRI interpretation. The lack of a correlation between the performance and assigned volume confirms the complexity of human learning. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that successful promotion of internal drivers could have a pervasive positive impact on improving diagnostic performance.
Different types analytic solutions of the (1+1)-dimensional resonant nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation using (G′/G)-expansion method
Authors: Durur Hülya
Published: December 2019

In this paper, an alternative method has been studied for traveling wave solutions of mathematical models which have an important place in applied sciences and balance term is not integer. With this method, the trigonometric, hyperbolic, complex and rational type traveling wave solutions of the (1[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional resonant nonlinear Schrödinger’s (RNLS) equation with the parabolic law have constructed. This method can be applied reliably and effectively in many differential equations.
Dynamic stability of two pitching foils using dynamic programming
Authors: Wang Fan , Li Jia-Jun , Chao Li-Ming
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a theoretical study is conducted to investigate the propulsive performance of two flapping foils with the inline arrangement. At first, we consider the propulsive performance of two flapping foils when they are relative static to each other, that is, the horizontal gap between the foils is fixed. Then, we provide a model to consider the dynamic stability of the two-foil system when the relative movement between them has occurred, that is, the horizontal gap between the two foils can be changed depending on the propulsive force acting on the foil. This work provides helpful suggestions for managing the trajectories and energy cost of multiple bio-inspired robotics.
ON A HIGH-PASS FILTER DESCRIBED BY LOCAL FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE
Authors: WANG KANG-JIA
Published: December 2019

The local fractional derivative (LFD) has gained much interest recently in the field of electrical circuits. This paper proposes a non-differentiable (ND) model of high-pass filter described by the LFD, where the ND transfer function is obtained with the help of the local fractional Laplace transform, and its parameters and properties are studied. The obtained results reveal the sufficiency of the LFD for analyzing circuit systems in fractal space.
ASYMPTOTIC ORDER OF THE GEOMETRIC MEAN ERROR FOR SELF-AFFINE MEASURES ON BEDFORD–MCMULLEN CARPETS
Authors: ZHU SANGUO , ZOU SHU
Published: December 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a Bedford–McMullen carpet associated with a set of affine mappings [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be the self-affine measure associated with [Formula: see text] and a probability vector [Formula: see text]. We study the asymptotics of the geometric mean error in the quantization for [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the Hausdorff dimension for [Formula: see text]. Assuming a separation condition for [Formula: see text], we prove that the [Formula: see text]th geometric error for [Formula: see text] is of the same order as [Formula: see text].
NEWTON’S-TYPE INTEGRAL INEQUALITIES VIA LOCAL FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS
Authors: Iftikhar Sabah , Kumam Poom , Erden Samet
Published: December 2019

We firstly establish an identity involving local fractional integrals. Then, with the help of this equality, some new Newton-type inequalities for functions whose the local fractional derivatives in modulus and their some powers are generalized convex are obtained. Some applications of these inequalities for Simpson’s quadrature rules and generalized special means are also given.
ANALYTICAL PATH-INTEGRAL PRICING OF DETERMINISTIC MOVING-BARRIER OPTIONS UNDER NON-GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: CATALÃO ANDRÉ , ROSENFELD ROGÉRIO
Published: December 2019

In this work, we present an analytical model, based on the path-integral formalism of statistical mechanics, for pricing options using first-passage time problems involving both fixed and deterministically moving absorbing barriers under possibly non-Gaussian distributions of the underlying object. We adapt to our problem a model originally proposed by De Simone et al. (2011) to describe the formation of galaxies in the universe, which uses cumulant expansions in terms of the Gaussian distribution, and we generalize it to take into account drift and cumulants of orders higher than three. From the probability density function, we obtain an analytical pricing model, not only for vanilla options (thus removing the need of volatility smile inherent to the Black & Scholes (1973) model), but also for fixed or deterministically moving barrier options. Market prices of vanilla options are used to calibrate the model, and barrier option pricing arising from the model is compared to the price resulted from the relative entropy model.
Ideals Modulo a Prime
Authors: Abbott John , Bigatti Anna Maria , Robbiano Lorenzo
Published: December 2019

The main focus of this paper is on the problem of relating an ideal [Formula: see text] in the polynomial ring [Formula: see text] to a corresponding ideal in [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a prime number; in other words, the reduction modulo[Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. We first define a new notion of [Formula: see text]-good prime for [Formula: see text] which does depends on the term ordering [Formula: see text], but not on the given generators of [Formula: see text]. We relate our notion of [Formula: see text]-good primes to some other similar notions already in the literature. Then we introduce and describe a new invariant called the universal denominator which frees our definition of reduction modulo [Formula: see text] from the term ordering, thus letting us show that all but finitely many primes are good for [Formula: see text]. One characteristic of our approach is that it enables us to easily detect some bad primes, a distinct advantage when using modular methods.
WOADF: Whale Optimization Integrated Adaptive Dragonfly Algorithm Enabled with the TDD Properties for Model Transformation
Authors: Jadhav Pramod P. , Joshi Shashank D.
Published: December 2019

Model Transformation (MT) has led the researchers to concentrate more in the field of software engineering. MT focuses mainly on transforming the input model to the target model to make it easily understandable. For the transformation, using optimal rules among a set of rules makes the design simpler. This paper proposes an algorithm, namely Whale Optimization integrated Adaptive Dragonfly (WOADF) algorithm, which integrates Adaptive Dragonfly (ADF) algorithm and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), for transforming class diagrams (CLDs) to Relational Schema (RS). Further, the UML CLD is transformed into the RS model based on specific rules incorporated by the proposed WOADF algorithm. The fitness function of the proposed model is evaluated to select the optimal rule, by including the test cases to evaluate the optimal blocks. Then, the optimal blocks obtained from the proposed WOADF algorithm are used for achieving the transformation from CLD to the RS model. The effectiveness of the proposed WOADF algorithm is checked with Automatic Correctness (AC) and fitness values and is evaluated to be the best when compared to other existing techniques with maximum AC value measured to be 0.812 and fitness value to be 0.897, respectively.
STOCK MARKET REACTION TO BREXIT ANNOUNCEMENTS: EVIDENCE FROM A NATURAL EXPERIMENT
Authors: LOBÃO JÚLIO , SANTOS SÍLVIA
Published: December 2019

Using four Brexit-related announcements as a source of exogenous information shocks, we investigate the semi-strong form of efficiency in seven major European stock markets. Our results suggest that only the announcement of the Brexit referendum result produced statistically significant negative cumulative abnormal returns in the markets of the sample. However, with the exception of the Irish stock market, the effects ceased to be significant in a period of five trading sessions after the event. We also document an increase in trading activity, though statistically insignificant, in the day of the referendum and in the following days. Overall, our results are in line with the semi-strong form of market efficiency.
From Ecological Imbalance to Ecological Civilization: The Process of China’s Green Transformation Over 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up and Its Outlook
Authors: PAN Jiahua
Published: December 2019

China’s reform and opening up is an all-round transformation and development. The harmonious coexistence of man and nature is the foundation and starting point of social and economic development, and the future direction of human society. Reform and opening up does not come from nowhere, and green development is a product and need of historical development. Before the reform and opening up, the conflict between man and nature caused ecological imbalance induced by the destruction of nature that aimed to meet basic food needs under the conditions of low productivity in a traditional agricultural society. The 40 years of reform and opening up have seen the initial completion of industrialization and urbanization in compressed time. During this process, the conflict between man and nature has evolved into expensive material consumption and ever-expanding desire for non-material enjoyments, leading to the pollution crisis endangering humans’ living environment and natural sustainability. On the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up policy, it is necessary to understand this evolution process. By summarizing the achievements and discerning the problems of green transformation, this paper analyzes the direct and internal impetus, explores the theoretical basis and shares the outlook on future development.
Comparison of Environmental Tax Systems of China and the United States and the Enlightenments
Authors: YAN Yunfeng , WANG Ran , FAN Qingwen
Published: December 2019

Environmental taxes are an important means of achieving green development. By referring to the statistical coverage of environmental taxes by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), this paper analyzed the scale, changing tendency, income structure and stringency of environmental taxes in China and the United States, and compared the basic environmental taxation elements of the two countries. The findings show that in terms of absolute amount, China’s environmental tax revenues were much higher than those of the United States; in terms of relative amount, the proportions of environmental taxes in China’s tax revenue and in GDP also surpassed those of the United States. Besides, in 2010, the Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) Index in China also exceeded that of the United States, indicating that China’s taxation frame has been further developed towards a greener one; but China’s environmental taxation still faces problems such as improper tax system and imperfect design of taxation elements. The authors suggest that it is necessary to deepen the reform of the top-level design of environmental taxes, scientifically determine taxation elements and taxation structure, and establish an extensive environmental taxation system.
The Great Internet TCP Congestion Control Census
Authors: Mishra Ayush , Sun Xiangpeng , Jain Atishya , Pande Sameer , Joshi Raj , Leong Ben
Published: December 2019

In 2016, Google proposed and deployed a new TCP variant called BBR. BBR represents a major departure from traditional congestion-window-based congestion control. Instead of using loss as a congestion signal, BBR uses estimates of the bandwidth and round-trip delays to regulate its sending rate. The last major study on the distribution of TCP variants on the Internet was done in 2011, so it is timely to conduct a new census given the recent developments around BBR. To this end, we designed and implemented Gordon, a tool that allows us to measure the exact congestion window (cwnd) corresponding to each successive RTT in the TCP connection response of a congestion control algorithm. To compare a measured flow to the known variants, we created a localized bottleneck where we can introduce a variety of network changes like loss events, bandwidth change, and increased delay, and normalize all measurements by RTT. An offline classifier is used to identify the TCP variant based on the cwnd trace over time. Our results suggest that CUBIC is currently the dominant TCP variant on the Internet, and it is deployed on about 36% of the websites in the Alexa Top 20,000 list. While BBR and its variant BBR G1.1 are currently in second place with a 22% share by website count, their present share of total Internet traffic volume is estimated to be larger than 40%. We also found that Akamai has deployed a unique loss-agnostic rate-based TCP variant on some 6% of the Alexa Top 20,000 websites and there are likely other undocumented variants. The traditional assumption that TCP variants "in the wild" will come from a small known set is not likely to be true anymore. We predict that some variant of BBR seems poised to replace CUBIC as the next dominant TCP variant on the Internet.
Partial Recovery of Erdðs-Rényi Graph Alignment via k-Core Alignment
Authors: Cullina Daniel , Kiyavash Negar , Mittal Prateek , Poor H. Vincent
Published: December 2019

We determine information theoretic conditions under which it is possible to partially recover the alignment used to generate a pair of sparse, correlated Erdos-Renyi graphs. To prove our achievability result, we introduce the k-core alignment estimator. This estimator searches for an alignment in which the intersection of the correlated graphs using this alignment has a minimum degree of k. We prove a matching converse bound. As the number of vertices grows, recovery of the alignment for a fraction of the vertices tending to one is possible when the average degree of the intersection of the graph pair tends to infinity. It was previously known that exact alignment is possible when this average degree grows faster than the logarithm of the number of vertices.
Inferring Streaming Video Quality from Encrypted Traffic
Authors: Bronzino Francesco , Schmitt Paul , Ayoubi Sara , Martins Guilherme , Teixeira Renata , Feamster Nick
Published: December 2019

Inferring the quality of streaming video applications is important for Internet service providers, but the fact that most video streams are encrypted makes it difficult to do so. We develop models that infer quality metrics (\ie, startup delay and resolution) for encrypted streaming video services. Our paper builds on previous work, but extends it in several ways. First, the models work in deployment settings where the video sessions and segments must be identified from a mix of traffic and the time precision of the collected traffic statistics is more coarse (\eg, due to aggregation). Second, we develop a single composite model that works for a range of different services (\ie, Netflix, YouTube, Amazon, and Twitch), as opposed to just a single service. Third, unlike many previous models, our models perform predictions at finer granularity (\eg, the precise startup delay instead of just detecting short versus long delays) allowing to draw better conclusions on the ongoing streaming quality. Fourth, we demonstrate the models are practical through a 16-month deployment in 66 homes and provide new insights about the relationships between Internet "speed'' and the quality of the corresponding video streams, for a variety of services; we find that higher speeds provide only minimal improvements to startup delay and resolution.
Sketching Volume Capacities in Deduplicated Storage
Authors: Harnik Danny , Hershcovitch Moshik , Shatsky Yosef , Epstein Amir , Kat Ronen
Published: December 2019

The adoption of deduplication in storage systems has introduced significant new challenges for storage management. Specifically, the physical capacities associated with volumes are no longer readily available. In this work, we introduce a new approach to analyzing capacities in deduplicated storage environments. We provide sketch-based estimations of fundamental capacity measures required for managing a storage system: How much physical space would be reclaimed if a volume or group of volumes were to be removed from a system (the
reclaimable
capacity) and how much of the physical space should be attributed to each of the volumes in the system (the
attributed
capacity). Our methods also support capacity queries for volume groups across multiple storage systems, e.g., how much capacity would a volume group consume after being migrated to another storage system? We provide analytical accuracy guarantees for our estimations as well as empirical evaluations. Our technology is integrated into a prominent all-flash storage array and exhibits high performance even for very large systems. We also demonstrate how this method opens the door for performing placement decisions at the data-center level and obtaining insights on deduplication in the field.
Dynamic Pricing of Relocating Resources in Large Networks
Authors: Balseiro Santiago R. , Brown David B. , Chen Chen
Published: December 2019

We study dynamic pricing of resources that are distributed over a network of locations (e.g., shared vehicle systems and logistics networks). Customers with private willingness-to-pay sequentially request to relocate a resource from one location to another. We focus on networks with a hub-and-spoke structure. We develop a dynamic pricing policy and a performance bound based on a Lagrangian relaxation. This relaxation decomposes the problem over spokes and is thus far easier to solve than the original problem. We analyze the performance of the Lagrangian-based policy and focus on a large network regime in which the number of spokes (n) and number of resources grow at the same rate. We show that our policy loses no more than O (p lnn/n) in performance compared to an optimal policy, thus implying asymptotic optimality as n grows large. We provide examples that show that upper bounds and static policies based on fluid relaxations fail to work well in this asymptotic regime. Finally, we discuss how our approach extends to more general networks involving multiple, interconnected hubs.
A Structural Result for Personalized PageRank and its Algorithmic Consequences
Authors: Vial Daniel , Subramanian Vijay
Published: December 2019

Many natural and man-made systems can be represented as graphs, sets of objects (called nodes) and pairwise relations between these objects (called edges). These include the brain, which contains neurons (nodes) that exchange signals through chemical pathways (edges), the Internet, which contains websites (nodes) that are connected via hyperlinks (edges), etc. To study graphs, researchers in diverse domains have used Personalized PageRank (PPR) [6]. Informally, PPR assigns to each node v a vector πv , where πv (w) describes the importance or relevance of node w from the perspective ofv. PPR has proven useful in many applications, both practical and graph-theoretic. Examples include recommending who a user should follow on Twitter [7] (v may wish to follow w if πv (w) is large) and local graph partitioning [2] (the set of nodesw with large πv (w) can be viewed as a community surrounding v).
Learning to Control Renewal Processes with Bandit Feedback
Authors: Cayci Semih , Eryilmaz Atilla , Srikant R.
Published: December 2019

We consider a bandit problem with K task types from which the controller activates one task at a time. Each task takes a random and possibly heavy-tailed completion time, and a reward is obtained only after the task is completed. The task types are independent from each other, and have distinct and unknown distributions for completion time and reward. For a given time horizon τ , the goal of the controller is to schedule tasks adaptively so as to maximize the reward collected until τ expires. In addition, we allow the controller to interrupt a task and initiate a new one. In addition to the traditional exploration-exploitation dilemma, this interrupt mechanism introduces a new one: should the controller complete the task and get the reward, or interrupt the task for a possibly shorter and more rewarding alternative? We show that for all heavy-tailed and some light-tailed completion time distributions, this interruption mechanism improves the reward linearly over time. From a learning perspective, the interrupt mechanism necessitates implicitly learning statistics beyond the mean from truncated observations. For this purpose, we propose a robust learning algorithm named UCB-BwI based on the median-of-means estimator for possibly heavy-tailed reward and completion time distributions. We show that, in a Karmed bandit setting with an arbitrary set of L possible interrupt times, UCB-BwI achieves O(K log(τ) + KL) regret. We also prove that the regret under any admissible policy is ?(K log(τ)), which implies that UCB-BwI is order optimal.
Axiomatizing Congestion Control
Authors: Zarchy Doron , Mittal Radhika , Schapira Michael , Shenker Scott
Published: December 2019

Recent years have witnessed a revival of both industrial and academic interest in improving congestion control designs. The quest for better congestion control is complicated by the extreme diversity and range of (i) the design space (as exemplified by the stark conceptual and operational differences between recent proposals [2, 4, 6]), (ii) the desired properties (ranging from high performance to fairness to TCP-friendliness), (iii) the envisioned operational setting (inter- and intra-datacenter, wireless, the commercial Internet, satellite), and (iv) the application loads and requirements (small vs. large traffic demands, latency- vs. bandwidth-sensitive).

Most congestion control research uses simulation and experiments under a limited range of network conditions. This is extremely important for understanding the detailed performance of particular schemes in specific settings, but provides limited insight into the more general properties of these schemes and no information about the inherent limits (such as, which properties are simultaneously achievable and which are mutually exclusive). In contrast, traditional theoretical approaches are typically focused on the design of protocols that achieve specific, predetermined objectives (e.g., network utility maximization [7]), or the analysis of specific protocols (e.g., from control-theoretic perspectives [12]), as opposed to exploring the inherent tensions/derivations between desired properties.

We advocate an axiomatic approach to congestion control, which is complementary to the experimental and theoretical work currently being pursued. Our approach, modeled on similar efforts in social choice theory and game theory [1], identifies a set of requirements ("axioms") and then identifies (i) which of its subsets of requirements can coexist (i.e., there are designs that achieve all of them) and which subsets cannot be met simultaneously (i.e., no design can simultaneously achieve all of them), and (ii) whether some requirements immediately follow from satisfying other requirements. Thus, the axiomatic approach can shed light on the inherent tradeoffs involved in congestion control protocol design, and can be leveraged to classify existing and proposed solutions according to the properties they satisfy.
mRSC
Authors: Amjad Muhammad Jehangir , Misra Vishal , Shah Devavrat , Shen Dennis
Published: December 2019

When evaluating the impact of a policy (e.g., gun control) on a metric of interest (e.g., crime-rate), it may not be possible or feasible to conduct a randomized control trial. In such settings where only observational data is available, synthetic control (SC) methods [1-3] provide a popular data-driven approach to estimate a "synthetic" or "virtual" control by combining measurements of "similar" alternatives or units (called "donors").

Recently, robust synthetic control (RSC) [4] was proposed as a generalization of SC to overcome the challenges of missing data and high levels of noise, while removing the reliance on expert domain knowledge for selecting donors. However, both SC and RSC (and its variants) suffer from poor estimation when the pre-intervention period is too short.
Queue and Loss Distributions in Finite-Buffer Queues
Authors: Ciucu Florin , Poloczek Felix , Rizk Amr
Published: December 2019

We derive simple bounds on the queue distribution in finite-buffer queues with Markovian arrivals. The bounds capture a truncated exponential behavior, involving joint horizontal and vertical shifts of an exponential function; this is fundamentally different than existing results capturing horizontal shifts only.We also obtain similar bounds on the loss distribution, which is a key metric to understand the impact of finite-buffer queues on real-time applications. Simulations show that the bounds are accurate in heavy-traffic regimes, and improve existing ones by orders of magnitude.
Improved Queue-Size Scaling for Input-Queued Switches via Graph Factorization
Authors: Xu Jiaming , Zhong Yuan
Published: December 2019

This paper studies the scaling of the expected total queue size in an n × n input-queued switch, as a function of both the load - and the system scale n. We provide a new class of scheduling policies under which the expected total queue size scales as O(n(1 - p)-4/3 log (max 1 1-p ,n) , over all n and p < 1, when the arrival rates are uniform. This improves over the previously bestknown scalings in two regimes: O (n1.5 (1 - p)-1 log 1 1-p) when Ω(n-1.5) ≤ 1 - p ≤ O(n-1) and O (n log n (1-p)2) when 1 - p ≥ Ω(n-1). A key ingredient in our method is a tight characterization of the largest k-factor of a random bipartite multigraph, which may be of independent interest. 1
Everything You Should Know About Intel SGX Performance on Virtualized Systems
Authors: Dinh Ngoc Tu , Bui Bao , Bitchebe Stella , Tchana Alain , Schiavoni Valerio , Felber Pascal , Hagimont Daniel
Published: December 2019

Intel SGX has attracted much attention from academia and is already powering commercial applications. Cloud providers have also started implementing SGX in their cloud offerings. Research efforts on Intel SGX so far have mainly focused on its security and programmability aspects. However, no work has studied in detail the performance degradation caused by SGX in virtualized systems. Such settings are particularly important, considering that virtualization is the de facto building block of cloud infrastructure, yet often comes with a performance impact. This paper presents the first detailed performance analysis of Intel SGX in a virtualized system compareed against bare-metal. Based on our findings, we identify several optimization strategies that would result in performance improvements of Intel SGX on such systems.
What-If Analysis of Page Load Time in Web Browsers Using Causal Profiling
Authors: Pourghassemi Behnam , Amiri Sani Ardalan , Chandramowlishwaran Aparna
Published: December 2019

Web browsers have become one of the most commonly used applications for desktop and mobile users. Despite recent advances in network speeds and several techniques to speed up web page loading, browsers still suffer from relatively long page load time (PLT). Particularly, web applications need browsers to have a higher performance to compete with native applications. Recent studies show that network connection is not the bottleneck of the browser's performance anymore, however, no subsequent analysis has been conducted to inspect which parts of the browser's computation contribute to the performance overhead.

In this paper, we apply a comprehensive and quantitative what-if analysis on the web browser's page loading process. Unlike conventional profiling methods, we apply causal profiling to precisely determine the impact of each computation stage such as HTML parsing and Layout on PLT. For this purpose, we develop COZ+1, a high-performance causal profiler capable of analyzing large software systems such as the Chromium browser. COZ+ highlights the most influential spots for further optimization. For example, it shows that optimizing JavaScript by 40% is expected to improve the Chromium page loading performance by more than 8.5% under typical network conditions.
Analysis of a Canonical Labeling Algorithm for the Alignment of Correlated Erdős-Rényi Graphs
Authors: Emre Dai Osman , Cullina Daniel , Kiyavash Negar , Grossglauser Matthias
Published: December 2019

Graph alignment in two correlated random graphs refers to the task of identifying the correspondence between vertex sets of the graphs. Recent results have characterized the exact informationtheoretic threshold for graph alignment in correlated Erdős-Rényi graphs. However, very little is known about the existence of efficient algorithms to achieve graph alignment without seeds.

In this work we identify a region in which a straightforward O(n11/5 logn)-time canonical labeling algorithm, initially introduced in the context of graph isomorphism, succeeds in aligning correlated Erdős-Rényi graphs. The algorithm has two steps. In the first step, all vertices are labeled by their degrees and a trivial minimum distance alignment (i.e., sorting vertices according to their degrees) matches a fixed number of highest degree vertices in the two graphs. Having identified this subset of vertices, the remaining vertices are matched using a alignment algorithm for bipartite graphs.
Why you should remove zeros from data before guessing
Authors: Kauers Manuel , Verron Thibaut
Published: December 2019

A common advice in automated guessing is that when the input is a sequence like 2, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0,17,..., one should remove the zeros before passing the data to the guesser. On this poster, we explain why this approach is sound, and which problem may arise if one does not take this step.
Block distance invariant method for monoterm canonicalization of Riemann tensor polynomials
Authors: Liu Jiang
Published: December 2019

Symbolic manipulation of indexed polynomials is one of the oldest research topics in computer algebra. Monoterm canonicalization of indexed polynomials is indispensable in finding canonical forms of indexed polynomials. This poster puts forward a symmetric-block distance invariant method and develops a monoterm canonicalization algorithm for Riemann tensor polynomials. The algorithm is implemented in Maple, and shown to be very efficient as the running time is within 15 seconds even when the number of indices is up to 400.
Modeling pulmonary fibrosis through bleomycin delivered by osmotic minipump: a new histomorphometric method of evaluation
Authors: Ravanetti Francesca , Ragionieri Luisa , Ciccimarra Roberta , Ruscitti Francesca , Pompilio Daniela , Gazza Ferdinando , Villetti Gino , Cacchioli Antonio , Stellari Fabio F.
Published: December 2019

The systemic delivery of bleomycin (BLM) to mice through subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps may be used to experimentally mimic the typical features of systemic sclerosis and related interstitial lung diseases. The published studies on this model principally have focused on induced dermal modifications, probably because lung lesions are typically mild, subpleurally localized, and difficult to analyze. The use of high BLM doses to increase their severity has been proposed but is ethically questionable because of the compromising of animal welfare. We propose a tailored histomorphometric method suitable to detect and quantify this type of mild lung lesions. Using a two-step automated image analysis, a peripheral region of interest with a depth of 250 µm from the pleural edge was defined on whole slide images, and the fibrotic foci were histomorphometrically characterized. The effects of different BLM doses on lung alterations were evaluated in C57BL/6 mice and 60 U/kg resulted in a fair compromise between fibrotic lesions and animal welfare. This dose was also tested in time course experiments. The analysis revealed a peak of histological fibrotic-like alterations, cytokine expression, metalloprotease, and macrophagic activation between the 21st and 28th day after pump implant. The induced dermal fibrosis was characterized by the progressive loss of the white dermal adipose layer, an increase in dermal thickness, dermal hyperplasia, and more compacted collagen fibers. Despite the trend toward spontaneous resolution, our model allowed a double organ readout of the BLM effect and the identification of a therapeutic window for testing pharmacological compounds without using life-threatening doses.
Irregularity of Block Shift Networks and Hierarchical Hypercube Networks
Authors: Fang Juanyan , Ahmed Iftikhar , Mehboob Abid , Nazar Kashif , Ahmad Haseeb
Published: December 2019

There is extremely a great deal of mathematics associated with electrical and electronic engineering. It relies upon what zone of electrical and electronic engineering; for instance, there is much increasingly theoretical mathematics in communication theory, signal processing and networking, and so forth. Systems include hubs speaking with one another. A great deal of PCs connected together structure a system. Mobile phone clients structure a network. Networking includes the investigation of the most ideal method for executing a system. Graph theory has discovered a significant use in this zone of research. In this paper, we stretch out this examination to interconnection systems. Hierarchical interconnection systems (HINs) give a system to planning systems with diminished connection cost by exploiting the area of correspondence that exists in parallel applications. HINs utilize numerous levels. Lower-level systems give nearby correspondence, while more significant level systems encourage remote correspondence. HINs provide issue resilience within the sight of some defective nodes and additionally interfaces. Existing HINs can be comprehensively characterized into two classes: those that use nodes or potential interface replication and those that utilize reserve interface nodes.
Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Twin-Roll-Casting Mg Alloy during High-Temperature Compression
Authors: Yang Qingshan , Dai Jiahong , Chai Sensen , Yu Daliang , Jiang Bin , Pan Fusheng
Published: December 2019

The deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of twin-roll-casting AZ31 Mg alloy sheets were investigated via hot compression tests at 0°, 5°, and 10° from the normal direction. Compression strains of 5%, 15%, 25%, and 35% were employed at high temperatures of 450°C and 500°C. The flow stress as well as the difference in the flow stress associated with different sampling directions decreased when the temperature was increased. Furthermore, the volume fraction of dynamically recrystallized grains increased with increasing deformation, whereas the average grain size decreased. The DRX grain size and the volume fraction of dynamically recrystallized grains increased with increasing deformation temperature. During ultrahigh temperature compression, the effect of sampling direction on the compression microstructure is relatively small.
A Case of Linezolid Toxicity Presenting as a Sepsis Mimic
Authors: Mishra Rashmi , Patel Harish , Goel Bindu , Vakde Trupti
Published: December 2019

Linezolid is an efficacious and well tolerated antimicrobial but can have serious adverse effects including myelo-suppression, serotonin syndrome, neuropathy, hypoglycemia, liver dysfunction, and lactic acidosis. The side effects are generally duration dependent; linezolid use is not recommended for more than 28 days. Case. A 59-year-old female presented with malaise, loss of appetite, and altered mentation. She had multiple medical comorbidities and required long-term anticoagulation with warfarin for venous thromboembolism. She had multiple medication allergies. Prior to admission, she was on linezolid for cellulitis of foot due to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). On physical exam, she was drowsy and required endotracheal intubation for airway protection. Initial laboratory parameters showed lactic acidosis, thrombocytopenia, supra-therapeutic coagulation profile, low blood glucose, and transaminitis. Her altered mentation was due to hypoglycemia. The interaction with warfarin led to altered coagulation profile. She developed shock and vasopressors were initiated. Given her presentation, she was managed as severe sepsis. There were no active infectious foci attributing to decline of her clinical status. Linezolid was discontinued and she was managed with intravenous polymyxin B, aztreonam, and vancomycin. Her hemodynamic status improved within one day. She was extubated on Day 5 of her presentation. Her laboratory parameters showed gradual improvement over 12 days after discontinuation of linezolid. Retrospective evaluation revealed linezolid toxicity as possible cause of presentation. Linezolid toxicity can present as sepsis mimic and should be considered as a differential diagnosis while managing sepsis with other antimicrobial agents.
Estimation of Summer Air Temperature over China Using Himawari-8 AHI and Numerical Weather Prediction Data
Authors: Liu Hailei , Zhou Qi , Zhang Shenglan , Deng Xiaobo
Published: December 2019

This study proposed an instantaneous summer air temperature (Tair) estimation model using the Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) brightness temperatures (BTs) in split-window channels and other auxiliary data. Correlation analysis and stepwise linear regression were used to select the predictors for Tair estimation. Nine predictors such as AHI BTs in channels 14 and 15, elevation, precipitable water vapor (PWV), and relative humidity (RH) were finally selected. Stepwise linear regression and neural network (NN) methods were applied to construct summer Tair estimation models over China, respectively. The estimated Tair by linear and NN models was evaluated using the observed Tair from 272 meteorological stations over China. The results showed that AHI BTs in channels 14 and 15, elevation, PWV, and RH were more important for Tair estimation than other predictors. The accuracy of the NN models was better than the linear models. The correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), and bias were 0.97, 1.72°C, and 0.04°C, respectively, for the NN model and were 0.89, 3.28°C, and 0.07°C, respectively, for the linear model. About 75.6% of the Tair differences by the NN model were within 2.0°C, and even 45.8% were within 1.0°C. The performance of the Tair estimation model for each site was also investigated, and the accuracy of Tair estimation in southeast China is better than northwest China.