bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
دور الاحتياطي النفطي العراقي في السوق النفطية العالمية للمدة (1990-2018)
Authors: سالم الزبيدي رشا , شاكر عبد الكاظم زينة
Published: April 2023

برغم مايمتلكه العراق من مورد نفطي فأن اقتصاده يعاني من مواطن ضعف هيكلية حادة، فاحتياطيات العراق النفطية المثبتة، والتي تبلغ نحو 143 مليار برميل، هي من بين الاعلى عالميا، وهو ما يشكل ثالث اكبر احتياطي للنفط التقليدي على مستوى العالم بعد السعودية وايران, وتتسم تكاليف استخراج النفط بانها بالغة التدني، لذا كان لابد من الوقوف على اهم الخيارات المتاحة لغرض النهوض بواقع القطاع النفطي والذي عانى من الاهمال نتيجة للحروب التي خاضها و اضافة الى العقوبات الاقتصادية والتي ادت  بالقطاع النفطي العراقي  الى التدهور وابعدته عن التقدم التكنولوجي والوسائل التقنية الحديثة المستخدمة في الصناعة النفطية فضلا عن الوسائل التي استخدمها النظام السابق في سبيل استخراج اكبر كمية من النفط الخام بعد السماح للعراق بتصدير النفط مقابل الغذاء كضخ كميات كبيرة من الماء تفوق الكميات المتعارف عليها في استخراج النفط مما ادى الى انخفاض العمر الافتراضي للابار النفطية من جهه اخرى.
التفكير المرن لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا
Authors: نهير الزاملي صالح
Published: April 2023

المستخلص:

يهدف البحث الى تعرف :

التفكير المرن لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا .

دلالة الفروق في التفكير المرن وفقاً لمتغيرات (النوع ، التخصص ، الشهادة) .

ولتحقيق أهداف هذا البحث اعدّ الباحث اختبار لقياس التفكير المرن في ضوء تعريف ونظرية جيلفورد (1973) ، وبعد التأكد من صلاحية الأداة من خلال مؤشرات الصدق والثبات ، طبق الباحث  الأداة على عينة البالغ عددها (216) من طلبة الدراسات العليا, وبعد جمع البيانات ومعالجتها إحصائياً و باستعمال الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة , وتحليل التباين المتعدد , , توصلت النتائج إلى ما يأتي :

يتمتع طلبة الدراسات العليا في التفكير المرن .

ليس هناك فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية في التفكير المرن وفقاً لمتغيرات (النوع ، التخصص ، الشهادة) .

وفي ضوء النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها و استكمالاً للبحث أوصى الباحث بمجموعة من التوصيات

و المقترحات للأبحاث المستقبلية .
اتجاهات المربين نحو العقاب التربوي لدى طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة
Authors: رحيم عزيز الهماش حسين
Published: April 2023

تناول البحث مشكلة ضبط السلوك الأبناء من قبل الآباء حيث تعد اتجاهات المربين نحو العقاب التربوي من المشاكل المهمة في سير العملية التربوية داخل المنزل وخارجه وقسم البحث إلى فصول و حيث كانت  أهداف البحث أ. درجات العقاب التربوي لدى طلبة لمرحله المتوسطة ب. دلاله الفروق في درجات العقاب التربوي لدى طلبه  المرحلة المتوسطة ج. اتجاهات المربين باستعمال العقاب لدى طلبه  المرحلة المتوسطة. ومن اهم النتائج البحث لخصت بأربع اهداف حيث ان ا. هي التعرف على واقع واستخدام المربين للعقاب المدرسي في المرحلة المتوسطة ب. التعرف على نتائج الايجابية والسلبية المترتبة على استخدام الاساليب العقاب المدرسي ج. التعرف على اتجاهات المربين ( المدير و المعاون و المدرس و المرشد) والطلبة نحو اساليب العقاب المدرسي و بدائلها  د. التعرف على الفروق اتجاهات المربين والطلبة نحو اساليب العقاب المدرسي و بدائلها  ومن اهم التوصيات ا. تجنب ادارة المدرسة و المدرسون استخدام اساليب العقاب السلبية ب. تنويع النشاطات الصفية والاصفية ج. التأكيد على منع استخدام اساليب العقاب البدني سواء داخل الصف او خارجه.
القيادة الأخلاقية وعلاقتها بالوشاية الوظيفية وجودة الأداء الوظيفي لدى رؤساء الأقسام العلمية في الجامعة المستنصرية من وجهة نظر أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية
Authors: كاطع سموم عبد
Published: April 2023

مستخلص البحث:

أهداف  البحث:  يهدف البحث التعرف على ما يلي :

1- ما مستوى القيادة الأخلاقية  لرؤساء الأقسام العلمية في الجامعة المستنصرية؟

2-  ما مستوى  النميمة الادارية لرؤساء الأقسام العلمية في الجامعة المستنصرية ؟

3-  ما مستوى الأداء الوظيفي لرؤساء الأقسام العلمية في الجامعة المستنصرية ؟

4- ما مستوى العلاقة بين القيادة الأخلاقية  والنميمة الوظيفية  والأداء الوظيفي.

5- هل توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المتغيرات الدراسة الثلاثة حسب  ( النوع – ذكر ،أنثى )( سنوات الخدمة (5-10 سنوات ،اكثر من 10 سنوات )

تكمن أهمية البحث في أن مدى التزام القائد التربوي بأخلاقيات المهنة يعد عاملاً مهما ورئيساً في المؤسسات التربوية  وتعزيز إنتاجيتها، اذا أن أخلاقيات القائد تقودة إلى بذل الجهد  وتأدية العمل  وتحمل المسؤولية ويعد رئيس القسم قائد تربوي مكلف بأداء الأعباء الوظيفية في الكلية  ويساعده أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية لينتج من طريق ذلك صياغة شخصية علمية قوية سليمة تتمتع بالخلق القويم  وتترسخ  فيها القيم السامية لذا فان رئيس القسم له الدور الكبير في إصلاح القسم العلمي أو إفساده  ( الهندي ،   2013 :27)
الهدايا والخلع في العصر العباسي بين الوظيفة السياسية والأغراض الاجتماعية – دراسة تاريخية –
Authors: عبد عون شياع أسماء
Published: April 2023

تعد الهدايا والخلع احدث ادوات التواصل بين الخلافة العباسية واتباعها من أرباب الدولة وكذلك مع عامة الناس اي الرعية ، وشملت الهدايا والخلع ايضا العلاقة السياسية  مع ملوك وسلاطين الدول والممالك بوصفها اداة لتحسين العلاقات الخارجية .

كان الهدف من الهدايا والخلع كسب ود الاخرين واشعارهم بالقيمة الاعتبارية وضمان الولاء للخلفاء وتنفيذ اوامرهم من اجل تعزيز سلطتهم السياسية .

  يناقش البحث الوظيفة السياسية والاغراض الاجتماعية للهدايا والخلع من مقاربة تاريخية خلال العهد العباسي بالاعتماد عل المنهج التاريخي ، مع تحليل المعلومات التاريخية وتفسيرها وربطها بموضوع البحث.
المسؤوليَّةُ القانونيَّة المترتِّبة على قيادة دراجةٍ ناريَّةٍ بدونِ إجازةِ سياقة
Authors: حمزة ناصر أحمد
Published: April 2023

يعد موضوع المسؤولية القانونية للقيادة بدون إجازة سوق من الموضوعات المهمة والجديرة بالبحث، لكون إجازة السوق تعد أهم الوسائل الإدارية التي تعنى بتنظيم حرية النقل. فمقتضيات المصلحة العامة ولاسيما حياة وأرواح المواطنين دعت المشرع الى تنظيم إجراءات منح إجازة السياقه. حيث تزايدت في الآونة الأخيرة أعداد الدراجات النارية في اغلب محافظات العراق وخصوصا العاصمة بغداد باعتبارها وسيلة نقل عملية تعفيهم من عناء وسائل النقل العمومي أمام الازدحام المروري إضافة الى رخص ثمنها مقارنة بالسيارات واقل تكلفة في استهلاك الوقود، لكن هذه الوسيلة أصبحت تشكل خطرا على المارة  والسيارات مع تهور الشباب الذين يقودون الدراجات النارية بسرعة شديدة دون مراعاة لقوانين السير والإشارات المرورية خاصة وان معظمهم دون السن القانوني لقيادة الدراجة النارية.
جماليات الاشكال الحيوانية في خزفيات ازنيق العثمانية
Authors: حاتم هاتــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــف ثائر
Published: April 2023

قدمت الحضارة الإسلامية مساهمات كبيرة للتقدم والثقافة الانسانية امتدت في كافة مجالات الفكر والفلسفة والعلوم والفنون المختلفة, وكانت ابداعات فن الخزف الاسلامي منفردة في انجازاتها الجمالية والعلمية حيث اخترع المسلمون انواعاً فريدة من الخزف مثل الخزف ذو البريق المعدني ونقلت اوربا عن المسلمين اغلب اسرار صناعات الخزف مثلما نقلت زخارفهم ورموزهم, وقد نشأت صناعات الخزف في الدولة العثمانية وتطورت حتى بلغت ارقى مراتب الروعة والابداع وتميزت مدينة ازنق العثمانية بصناعة انواع من الخزف المميز بأشكاله ورسوماته وزخارفه ذات الطابع الاسلامي الذي يجمع بين جماليات الصنعة والرموز التي تتخذ طابعاً تجريدياً محوراً عن الاشكال الواقعية طبقاً لمنهج التجريد الذي تتميز به الفنون الاسلامية بشكل عام, وقد تضمن هذا البحث الاطار المنهجي المتمثل بمشكلة البحث التي تجلت بالتساؤل عن ما هي جماليات الاشكال الحيوانية في خزف ازنيق العثماني واهمية البحث والحاجة اليه واهدافه وحدوده وتحديد المصطلحات, اما الاطار النظري فقد تناول الابعاد الجمالية لرسوم الحيوانات في الفنون الاسلامية, مع تاريخ صناعة الخزف في مدينة ازنيق العثمانية, وضم الفصل الثالث اجراءات البحث المتمثلة بمجتمع البحث والعينة واداة البحث وتحلل العينات والنتائج والاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها الباحث, ومنها:

يتألف البحث الحالي من أربعة فصول تضمن الفصل الأول من البحث تعريفاً بمشكلة البحث والتي تحددت من خلال الإجابة على السؤال التالي :(ماهي جماليات الاشكال الحيوانية في خزف ازنيق العثماني ) وأهمية البحث والحاجة إليه . أما هدف البحث فقد تم تحديده (تعرف جماليات الاشكال الحيوانية في خزف ازنيق العثماني ). وقد قام الباحث بتحديد أهم المصطلحات الواردة في البحث أما الفصل الثاني فقد أشتمل على

مبحثين الأول : الاشكال الحيوانية في الفنون الاسلامية .

والمبحث الثاني: تاريخ صناعة خزف ازنيق العثماني .

أما الفصل الثالث فقد احتوى إجراءات البحث وتضمنَ ، مجتمع البحث واختيار العينة وتحليلها والبالغة (5) نماذج . أما الفصل الرابع فقد احتوى على أهم النتائج والاستنتاجات وكانت من  أهم النتائج :

اظهرت نتاجات خزف ازنيق العثماني اهتماما كبيرا بتصوير عالم الحيوان بمختلف كائناته البرية والبحرية والطيور بانواعها لما فيها من عناصر الجمال في الخلق والتكوين والبنى الحيوية وروعة حركتها والوانها .

ابدع الخزافون العثمانيون من ازنيق بتصوير الكائنات الحية انطلاقا من النظرة الاسلامية التي تعد الحيوان جزءا من مملكة الله المتكاملة والجميلة واظهروا احتراما لجمال وقوة وفائدة هذه الكائنات للطبيعة والانسان.

أما أهم الاستنتاجات فهي :

تمثل التكوينات الزخرفية المحيطة بالاشكال الحيوانية عناصر جمالية مضافة الى الاشكال الحيوانية فهي جزء مكمل لخصائص التكوينات الفنية في الفنون الاسلامية بشكل عام وخزف ازنيق بوجه خاص .

كما تضمن البحث التوصيات والمقترحات وفهرس مصادر البحث وملخص البحث باللغة الانكليزية.
العراق في رحلة عبد الله بن الصباح المدجن الاندلسي في القرن الثامن الهجري/السادس عشر الميلادي دراسة في الحياة العلمية والدينية
Authors: ناصر والي العظيمي سلام
Published: April 2023

تناولت الدراسة موضوع "العراق في رحلة عبدالله بن الصباح المدجن الاندلسي في القرن الثامن الهجري_ دراسة في الحياة العلمية والدينية" التي دونها في كتاب اسماه "نسبة الاخبار وتذكرة الاخيار" من خلال رحلته الى العراق في النصف الثاني من القرن الثامن الهجري، وقد حاول الباحث من خلال قراءتهِ للرحلة الوقوف على بعض الصور العلمية والدينية للعراق، لا سيما ان المدة موضوع البحث لازالت بحاجة الى دراسات تاريخية تبين طبيعة وضع العراق العلمي والديني بعد السنوات التي قضاها في تعاقب الدويلات المتعددة في احتلالهِ، لذلك جاءت رحلة ابن الصباح من الأهمية بعدما نقل مشاهداته ومعلوماته التاريخية عن العراق ومدنه المختلفة على أثر مكوثه فيه لسنوات متعددة عاش خلالها الحياة اليومية للعراقيين وما فيها من من احداث عامة استقى بعضها من كتب التواريخ القديمة، واخرى من خلال مشاهداته في اثناء وجوده بالعراق، فضلا عن المعلومات العلمية والدينية التي عاشها الرحالة في المدن العراقية.
النشاط السياسي لمجلس المرأة الايرلندية 1917-1923
Authors: هاشم عاتي طالب
Published: April 2023

كان النشاط السياسي الذي قدمه مجلس المرأة الايرلندية أثرهُ على المشهد السياسي عبر الاعمال الاستثنائية التي انجزها فقد عملت نسائهُ على مساعدة العوائل المنكوبة التي فقدت من تُحبُّ إباّن انتفاضة عيد الفصح , فكان جمع الاموال وتوزيعها في صندوق دعم ايرلندا من المهام التي ما انفك المجلس على القيام به , ولم يقتصر الأمر على ذلك إذ إنَّه عمد على الاستمرار برفض الاجراءات البريطانية التي تطالب المجتمع الايرلندي بإرسال أبنائهُ إلى جبهات القتال في إطار التجنيد الاجباري , فضلاً عن تلك الجهود كان المجلس الركيزة الاساسية التي استند عليها الجيش الجمهوري في حملته الانتخابية في سنة 1919 والتي حقّقَ فيها فوزاً ساحقاً جعلت ايرلندا أمام انعطافهً خطيرة في تاريخها السياسي , فالجمعية المنتخبة أعلنت الاستقلال مما أدى إلى قيام الحرب مع بريطانيا وكان لمجلس المرأة الأثر الابرز في تلك الحرب عبر مساعدته الجيش الجمهوري للثبات أمام البريطانيين الذين حاولوا بشتى السُّبل ارغامهم على الاستسلام , فعوملت نساء الحركة أُسوةً بالرجال من حيث حالات القمع إلاَّ أن َّذلك لم يستمر طويلاً فقد توصل الطرفان إلى اتفاقية أعلن المجلس النسوي رفضهُ لها لما حملته من أهداف أجهضت الحلم الجمهوري بعد أنَّ قسَّمت الأمة الايرلندية وعملت على انفصال بعض أجزائها فعاد المجلس لمواجهة تلك التداعيات اثناء الحرب الاهلية1922-1923 فقدمت نسائه الكثير وتعرضن الى الاقصاء والاعتقال من اجل الحفاظ على وحدة ايرلندا.
On the nonlinear Volterra equation with conformable derivative
Authors: TUAN Nguyen Hoang , HAİ Nguyen Minh , PHUONG Nguyen Duc
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we are interested to study a nonlinear Volterra equation with conformable deriva- tive. This kind of such equation has various applications, for example physics, mechanical engineering, heat conduction theory. First, we show that our problem have a mild soltution which exists locally in time. Then we prove that the convergence of the mild solution when the parameter tends to zero.
Differential expression of SMC4 in cancer of the cervix.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2023

Almost all cervical cancers are caused by infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) (1-3); the transcriptional features that distinguish the gene expression programs of HPV-induced cancers from that of cancers resulting from non-viral abrogation of tumor suppression remain incompletely defined. We mined published microarray datasets (4, 5) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with the most common type of cervical cancer, cervical squamous cell carcinoma. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding structural maintenance of chromosomes 4, SMC4, when comparing tumor tissue from the human cervix to the tissue of origin. SMC4 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the cervix as compared to normal tissues from the cervix. SMC4 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of cancer of the cervix in humans.
Integrasi CSR, Environmental Management Accounting, dan Management Control System dalam Praktik Bisnis : Studi Kasus di Sektor Industri
Authors: Yang Fionna
Published: April 2023

Artikel ini membahas tentang beberapa penelitian terkait dengan topik integrasi CSR, environmental management accounting, dan management control. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terhadap artikel yang telah ditulis oleh Dianne Frisko Koan selama tahun 2020-2017 yang memiliki topik pembahasan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis dokumen menggunakan ChatGPT. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan berbagai hal yang berguna bagi praktisi bisnis dan akademisi di Indonesia, termasuk rekomendasi dan strategi untuk meningkatkan kinerja keuangan, reputasi perusahaan, dan praktik bisnis yang berkelanjutan.
Comparing Watson's Behaviorism and Meyer's Objectivism: Reassessing Traditional Assumptions in Psychology
Authors: Santana Luiz Henrique
Published: April 2023

This essay compares Watson's book "Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology" and Meyer's book "Foundations of Psychology" with a focus on three themes: the critiques of introspective methods, the use of terms such as instincts and reflexes, and the relation between mental life, physiology, and causal explanations in psychological science. Both Meyer and Watson recognized the need to overcome the limitations of introspective methods to develop a naturalistic framework for psychological science based on observation and testing. However, Meyer emphasized a physiological definition of instincts and habits as a means to achieve an objective psychology. Watson, on the other hand, advocated for a contextual or ecological definition of instincts and habits to understand how different species develop convergent functions, traits, drives, and behaviors. Meyer viewed the nervous system as the final frontier in psychological science, considering that mental life could be reduced to a function of the nervous system, which in turn triggers behavior through nervous connections. In contrast, Watson rejected neuro-reductionism and viewed behavior as a biological function that allows animals to adapt to new environmental contingencies throughout their lifetimes. Overall, this essay analyzes the differences between Meyer and Watson's perspectives on fundamental themes in psychology, including the role of observation and testing, the definition of instincts and habits, and the relationship between mental life, physiology, and causal explanations in psychological science.
A Developmentally Informed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Strength of General Psychopathology in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Harris Jordan L , Swanson Ben , Petersen Isaac T.
Published: April 2023

Considerable support exists for higher-order dimensional conceptualizations of psychopathology in adults. A growing body of work has focused on understanding the structure of general and specific psychopathology in children and adolescents. No prior meta-analysis has examined whether the strength of the general psychopathology factor (p factor)—measured by explained common variance (ECV)—changes from childhood to adolescence. The primary objective of this multilevel meta-analysis was to determine whether general psychopathology strength changes across development (i.e., across ages) in childhood and adolescence. Several databases were searched in November 2021; 65 studies, with 110 effect sizes (ECV), nested within shared data sources, were identified. Included empirical studies used a factor analytic modeling approach that estimated latent factors for child/adolescent internalizing, externalizing, and optionally thought-disordered psychopathology, and a general factor. Studies spanned ages 2–17 years. Across ages, general psychopathology explained over half (~56%) of the reliable variance in symptoms of psychopathology. Age-moderation analyses revealed that general factor strength remained stable across ages, suggesting that general psychopathology strength does not significantly change across childhood to adolescence. Even if the structure of psychopathology changes with development, the prominence of general psychopathology across development has important implications for future research and intervention.
Spatial Relation Categorization in Infants and Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Davidson Guy , Orhan A. Emin , Lake Brenden M.
Published: April 2023

Spatial relations, such as above, below, between, and containment, are important mediators in children’s understanding of the world (Piaget, 1954). The development of these relational categories in infancy has been extensively studied (Quinn, 2003) yet little is known about their computational underpinnings. Using developmental tests, we examine the extent to which deep neural networks, pretrained on a standard vision benchmark or egocentric video captured from one baby’s perspective, form categorical representations for visual stimuli depicting relations. Notably, the networks did not receive any explicit training on relations. We then analyze whether these networks recover similar patterns to ones identified in the development, such as reproducing the relative difficulty of categorizing different spatial relations and different stimulus abstractions. We find that the networks we evaluate tend to recover many of the patterns observed with the simpler relations of “above versus below” or “between versus outside”, but struggle to match developmental findings related to “containment”. We identify factors in the choice of model architecture, pretraining data, and experimental design that contribute to the extent the networks match developmental patterns, and highlight experimental predictions made by our modeling results. Our results open the door to modeling infants’ earliest categorization abilities with modern machine learning tools and demonstrate the utility and productivity of this approach.
Sicherheit neu denken und Sicherheit neu lernen
Authors: Becker Ralf
Published: April 2023

Das 2018 veröffentlichte Szenario „Sicherheit neu denken – von der militärischen zur zivilen Sicherheitspolitik“ und die daraus entstandene Initiative Sicherheit Neu Denken (SND) verstehen sich als friedenspädagogischer Ansatz: Eine breite sowie auf Dauer angelegte Kampagne auf der Grundlage eines Szenario-Buches und ergänzender (Bildungs-)Materialien animiert und provoziert Menschen zur Befassung mit der Sicherheits- und Friedenspolitik über die Friedensbewegung hinaus.
Pembelajaran Part of Speech Bahasa Inggris Murid-Murid Muditta Learning Center (MLC) Tangerang
Authors: Saut Halomoan Hot , Ayu Kumala Sonya , Adrallisman Adrallisman , Paulina Simamora Riris Mutiara , Magdalena Oy Maria
Published: April 2023

Jenis kata adalah topik penting untuk dipelajari karena ini merupakan salah satu keterampilan dasar dalam bahasa Inggris. Kemampuan memahami jenis kata bagi siswa MLC sangat penting terutama ketika mereka masih belum memiliki kesempatan untuk mengambil kursus bahasa Inggris karena mereka berasal dari keluarga yang tidak mampu dengan kata lain mereka tidak mampu membayar biaya kursus. Oleh karena itu, tim dosen FSH UBD berinisiatif untuk bekerja sama dengan MLC dalam memfasilitasi mahasiswa MLC belajar bahasa Inggris dengan tujuan khusus untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa Inggris mereka. Pelatihan dilaksanakan selama 3 jam 08 Januari 2023. Peserta yang mengikuti pelatihan ini berjumlah 10 orang. Kelas ini menyimpulkan bahwa mayoritas meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dalam mengidentifikasi kelas kata dalam bahasa Inggris namun sisanya tidak mampu dan ini dikarenaka tingkat level pendidikan mereka rendah. Secara keseluruhan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh tim dosen FSH berjalan lancar sesuai jadwal.
[RETRACTED] Job Insecurity and Employee’s Performance: Examining through the Perspective of Psychological Strains and Leverages
Authors: Shahi Rajesh , Gautam Niraj
Published: April 2023

RETRACTION NOTICE:Due to a high level of overlap with the article listed below, this article was retracted on 3rd July 2023.
Darvishmotevali, M., Arasli, H. and Kilic, H. (2017), "Effect of job insecurity on frontline employee’s performance: Looking through the lens of psychological strains and leverages", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 29 No. 6, pp. 1724-1744. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2015-0683
Impact of working capital ratios on profitability in selected four-wheeler automobile companies
Authors: Rahman Abdul
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess whether or not working capital ratios have an impact on the profitability of selected four-wheeler automobile companies.

Design/methodology/approach: To assess the working capital management ratios on profitability in selected four-wheel automobile companies, the author applied the coefficient of correlation, correlation matrix, and multiple regression analysis methodology in selected four-wheel automobile companies listed on the CMIE prowess and secondary data considered also in annual reports. Ten passenger car manufacturing companies were selected for the period between 2011–12 to 2020–21, to choose a sample from the universe for research purposes., the purposive (judgmental) selection method is preferred for secondary data. Six different working capital component ratios (current ratio (CR), liquidity ratio (LR) are moderate ratios, working capital turnover ratio (WCTR), inventory turnover ratio (ITR), receivables turnover ratio (RTR), and cash turnover ratio (CTR)) are independent ratios have been measured for their impact on profitability using the coefficient of correlation and regression. Profit before tax to asset ratio (PBT/Total assets (dependent ratio).

Findings: The study found that Working capital ratios (CR, QR, WCTR, ITR, RTR, and CTR) are positively correlated with profitability ratios. Of the six working capital component ratios, five of them are significant at a 5-percentage level, except cash turnover ratios.

Contribution/Originality: Managers at four-wheeler companies need to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the firm's financial management to avoid working capital ratios that put the company in jeopardy. To help with investing decisions, it may be used as a benchmark of firms who have demonstrated strong financial success.
Public Service Motivation and Ethical Behavior amid Challenge Stressors
Authors: Ghimire Ramesh Raj
Published: April 2023

This study aims to investigate the relationship between Public Service Motivation (PSM) and ethical or unethical behaviors in the context of work stressors. A survey was conducted on 300 public sector employees in Nepal using structured questionnaires with a seven-Likert scale. The study used a deductive approach to examine the association between PSM and ethical behavior in situations of challenge stressors at work. The research found that high levels of PSM are linked to high levels of ethical behavior intentions, and this relationship is further strengthened in the presence of challenge stressors as a positive moderator. The study also highlights the challenges of self-reported measures and social desirability bias when observing ethical or unethical behavior. The primary variables observed in the public sector of Nepal were PSM, ethical behavior, and challenge stressors, with only three variables and a limited sample size being the major limitations. Overall, this study suggests that the use of PSM as a tool and creating workplace challenges may contribute to improving ethical conduct among public sector employees.
Effects of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries
Authors: Phullel Hari
Published: April 2023

This study aims to find the effects of fiscal policy variables on economic growth in South Asian nations based on panel data of 21 years from 2001 to 2021.The study adopted descriptive and causal relationship research design. In this study, the correlation matrix is used to describe the relationship between variables, and the hausman test is applied to select the fixed and random effect models. The results revealed that gross capital formation and public debt had significant and positive effect on economic growth in South Asian countries. Tax revenue was found to have significant but negative effect on economic growth while government expenditure was found to have insignificant and positive effect on economic growth. The study therefore concludes that fiscal policy has significant relationship with economic growth in South Asian Countries. Additionally, efforts should be made while implementing fiscal reforms that focuses public expenditure to a manageable and specified economic sectors.
Ethnomedicinal plants used by Dhimal community of Rajghat, Morang
Authors: Baral Bhumi Raj , Bhagat Indramani
Published: April 2023

This work was carried out during 2015-2016. During study PRA technique and interview technique were employed to get ethnomedicinal information from local people. The study showed that Dhimals of Rajghat are ethnomedicinally very rich.  They used different plants and parts of plants to recovery from different illness. Altogether 113 plant species were reported with their local name, short description, field notes and ethnobotanical notes used by Dhimals in medicinal purpose. These plant species were distributed under 102 genera and 55 families. Among them 44 families were belongs to dicotyledons, 9 families belong to monocotyledons and 2 families from pteridophytes. The largest family was Fabaceae with 12 species of medicinal purpose. Different 15 plant species were used to cure fever and another 15 species for cold and cough. More than one plant species were used by Dhimals to cure one illness. Similarly, more than one illness was cured by a single plant species. Dhimals used different parts of plants for medicinal purpose. They used leaves of 51 species, roots of 33 species and fruits of 21 species. Similarly, they also used seeds, flowers, trunks, barks, rhizome, latex, resin, etc. of plants for the treatment of different ailments. Dhimals of Rajghat have a great faith in the traditional healing system and they frequently visit the Dhamis for the treatment of most illness. Dhamis on the other hand, have a very sound knowledge on the use of herbal medicines.
Analysis of the Relationship between Tax Revenue and Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Neupane Deepak
Published: April 2023

This study aimed at assessing the relationship between tax revenue and economic growth in Nepal. A Causal comparative research design was employed using the time series data from the fiscal year 1974/75 to 2019/20. Accordingly, GDP at the constant price was considered the dependent variable, and income tax, excise duty, value-added tax, and customs duty as independent variables. Since all the variables at their log forms were stationary at their first difference, in order to measure the nature and strength of the relation of the dependent and independent variables, a vector error correction model (VECM) was employed. Besides, Johansen’s cointegration results revealed the existence of the relationship between the variables in long run. In addition, the results of the analysis also found that, in the long run, income tax has significant and negative relationship, value added tax has a significant and positive relationship but the customs duty and the excise duty have insignificant and negative relationship with the GDP. Regarding the short-run, the value of the error correction term (ECT) indicates that, though the move is towards the equilibrium, is weak and all the independent variables have positive relation with the dependent variable.
Interpreting Linguistic Landscape Materials as a Part of Multilingual Education
Authors: Bhandari Harischandra
Published: April 2023

Landscape materials are the tools for teaching languages and developing awareness to the teachers and students in a linguistically heterogeneous society. Multilingual landscapes can stimulate linguistic and metalinguistic talk about existence of multiple languages in the society among multilingual learners. Pokhara is a highly heterogeneous city with high probability of language diversity, where multilingualism is presented in different stimulated landscapes and discourses which provide resources of linguistic diversity on language learners and teachers. Qualitative visual interpretations of linguistic and nonlinguistic landscapes have been drawn from secondary level public school teachers as an intact cultural group considering the norms of ethnographic design. The findings are that the landscape materials are highly appreciable materials in language teaching in connection to business, local histories and cultures of the people with different linguistic backgrounds in a fragmented society. Awareness about languages in public spaces is indeed retrievable through the interpretations of monolingual and multilingual landscape materials. However, non-text based or non-lingual landscape materials are also helpful in cognitive and linguistic development and for cultural awareness among language learners and teachers.
Teaching English through Online: Challenges or Opportunities?
Authors: Saund Ramesh
Published: April 2023

This study attempts to explore the demand of online education growing aftermath of COVID-19 all over the world from school level to university level. With this scenario, this study explored the possibilities and effectiveness of teaching English through online and its impact on students’learning achievement and to explore students and teachers’ perception about online education whether it is a challengeable or an opportunity. By applying phenomenological research design under the qualitative method, purposive sampling technique was used for collecting required data. Three participants were selected to collect data for this study. Semi-structured online interview was conducted to collect the data. I used recorded interview after that recorded data were coded and analyzed into different themes. The major findings ofthis study indicated that lack of accessibility, accountability, adaptability and availability of the online education, insufficient infrastructure, electricity and trained teacher, technical problems and knowledge as well as personal training and monitoring about ICT are prominent to conduct online education in Nepal.
द्विभाषिकता तथा बहुभाषिकताको सापेक्षतामा बहुभाषिक शिक्षा
Authors: अधिकारी अन्जली
Published: April 2023

आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनैतिक, शैक्षिक र ऐतिहासिक पक्षका दृष्टिले बहुभाषिकतालाई विश्वव्यापी साझा अवधारणाका रूपमा लिइन्छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा द्विभाषिकता तथा बहुभाषिकताको परिचय, परिभाषा र यसका प्रकार साथै बहुभाषिक शिक्षाको अवधारणालाई चर्चा गरिएको छ । गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको प्रस्तुत लेखमा पुस्तकालयका माध्यमका आधारमा तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । सङ्कलित तथ्याङ्कलाई वर्णनात्मक तरिकाले विभिन्न शीर्षक र उपशीर्षकमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । द्विभाषिक र बहुभाषिक शब्दको प्रयोग एकभन्दा बढी भाषा प्रयोगका सन्दर्भमा गरिन्छ । यसका साथै बहुभाषिक, द्विभाषिक र त्रैभाषिक शिक्षालाई बहुभाषिक शिक्षाको अवधारणाभित्र समेटिएको छ । बहुभाषिक, बहुजातीय र बहुसांस्कृतिक समाजमा विभिन्न गतिविधि सञ्चालनका क्रममा तथा आपसी सम्प्रेषणका लागि प्रयोग हुने भाषाको अवस्था द्विभाषिकता तथा बहुभाषिकताको हो । बहुभाषिकताले कम्तीमा दुई भाषामा सम्प्रेषणको सामथ्र्यताको अपेक्षा गर्ने हुँदा बहुभाषिक शिक्षाको आवश्यकता ज्वलन्त बनेको देखिन्छ । बहुजातीय समाजमा विभिन्न गतिविधि सञ्चालन, एवम् आपसी सम्प्रेषणका दुई भाषाको प्रयोग हुने अवस्था द्विभाषिकता तथा बहुभाषिकता भएकाले यसको महŒवपूर्ण आधार बहुभाषिक शिक्षा हो । बहुभाषिक शिक्षाले घरको भाषा र विद्यालयको भाषालाई जोडी विस्तृत सञ्चारको भाषालाई शिक्षाको पहुँचमा पु¥याउने उद्देश्य राखेको देखिन्छ । नेपालको सन्दर्भमा भने बहुभाषामा शिक्षा, मातृभाषामा शिक्षा वा मातृभाषाको शिक्षा भन्ने उद्देश्य स्पष्ट भएर मात्र बहुभाषिक शिक्षा नीति बनाएर कार्यान्वयन गर्न सकेमा प्रभावकारी हुने बुझाइलाई लेखको निष्कर्षको रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
दिव्योपदेशपूर्वका सनद, तमसुक तथा सम्झौतासम्बन्धी अभिलेखहरूको सर्वेक्षण
Authors: तिमिल्सिना यमनाथ
Published: April 2023

यो आलेख दिव्योपदेशपूर्वका सनद, तमसुक तथा सम्झौतासम्बन्धी अभिलेखहरूको सर्वेक्षणमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । पुस्तकालयबाट द्वितीयक सामग्री सङ्कलन गरेर आवश्यक विषय पहिचान गरिएको हो । यहाँ निगमनात्मक तथा वर्णनात्मक विधिलाई अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । आलेखलाई छोटो–छरितो बनाउने क्रममा सूत्रात्मक शैली अपनाइएको छ । अनुसन्धेय विषय ऐतिहासिक तथा भाषिक भएकाले विषयविज्ञको सुझावलाई पनि समेटिएको छ । विषयको सार खिच्दा आगमनात्मक विधिलाई पछ्याइएको छ । खारी प्रदेशका राजा नागराज कर्णाली प्रदेशको जुम्लास्थित सिंजामा आई खसराज्य स्थापना गरेको र तिनैका वंशज वा नागरिकहरूले खस भाषामा अभिलेख लेख्न लगाएको तथ्यलाई यहाँ प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । वि.सं. १४९७ देखि सनद, तमसुक तथा सम्झौता भएका अभिलेख टङ्कण गर्न लागेको ऐतिहासिक तथ्यलाई देखाउँदै त्यसपछिको दिव्योपदेशपूर्वका अभिलेखलाई विषयक्षेत्र पहिचान गर्दै अभिलेखको महŒव स्थापित गरिएको छ । अग्रज विद्वान्हरूको कार्यको सूत्रात्मक विवरण प्रस्तुत गर्दै अध्ययन हुन बाँकी विषय पहिचान गरी अध्ययनलाई व्यवस्थित र भरपर्दाे बनाइएको छ । सम्बन्धित अभिलेखहरूको स्रोतविवरण आधिकारिक बनाउन लेखन समय, अभिलेखको नाम, शोधकर्ता, कृति र पृष्ठसमेत समावेश गरी तालिका पेस गरिएको छ । समग्र सामग्रीलाई तीन भागमा विभाजन गरी उपशीर्षकमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ– जग्गा प्रदान गरिएका सनदहरू, लेनदेनका तमसुकहरू र दुई पक्षका बिच भएका सम्झौताहरू । सनद, तमसुक तथा सम्झौतापत्रका माध्यमबाट राजामहाराजा तथा विशिष्ट व्यक्तित्वहरूले ‘भूमिदान महादान’ भन्ने मूल मन्त्र अघि सार्दै धनसङ्ख्या र धर्मसङ्ख्या गरी चार किल्ला तोकेर जमिनदान गरेको र त्यसले समाजलाई सकारात्मक प्रभाव पारेको तथ्यलाई निष्कर्षका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
Amplifying Civil Rights Collections with Oral Histories: A Collaboration with Alumni at Queens College, City University of New York
Authors: Tummino Annie , Fernandez Victoria
Published: April 2023

Representing a shift in archival methods, oral history is increasingly used alongside more traditional methods of documentation to capture institutional and community histories. In this article, the authors demonstrate how the Student Help Lived Experience Project at the Queens College Library’s Special Collections and Archives (SCA) provided a vital supplement to more traditional methods of archival documentation. SCA was able to leverage resources provided by a partnering organization and a newly established graduate fellowship to bolster its relationship with other entities on campus and to engage alumni in a participatory, collaborative effort that centered their knowledge and interests. This article highlights models and lessons from the project and explores how oral histories collected for the project amplify existing collections in the archives. The authors found that revisiting collections through oral histories introduced nuance and complexity not available in the physical collections. The oral histories collected for the project enriched the historical narrative, bringing into vivid relief an important chapter in civil rights and Queens College history by uncovering personal motivations, details, and life lessons of interest to a wide audience of archives users.
Making Your Tools Work for You: Building and Maintaining an Integrated Technical Ecosystem for Digital Archives and Libraries. By Max Eckard. [Review]
Authors: Howard Rachel I.
Published: April 2023

I encountered Max Eckard’s Making Your Tools Work for You: Building and Maintaining an Integrated Technical Ecosystem for Digital Archives and Libraries at the tail end of a drawn-out migration to an open-source system, with time, patience, and resources running short. Rather than (merely) serving as a distraction to the many tasks at hand, the book provided useful conceptual language to communicate goals and rationales for this migration, as well as ideas for next steps to integrate the new system with other library and archival tools. While we could have used the knowledge it imparts earlier in the process, it will continue to serve as a resource at my place of work, and I would recommend it to archivists attempting to use technology more effectively and technologists seeking to better serve archivists.
Elusive Archives: Material Culture Studies in Formation. Edited by Martin Brückner and Sandy Isenstadt. [Review]
Authors: Huggard Marcella
Published: April 2023

Elusive Archives is the first volume in a series published by the University of Delaware Press called Material Culture Perspectives. It includes essays by several individuals who have been involved with the University of Delaware’s Center for Material Culture Studies and the Winterthur Program in American Material Culture. Editors Brückner and Isenstadt, who also serve as the series editors, were formerly the codirectors of the Center for Material Culture Studies and are now affiliated faculty with the center. Brückner is director of the Winterthur Program in American Material Culture, while Isenstadt is professor and chair of the Art History Department at Delaware.
Solutions for the development of the safe vegetable production demonstration in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province
Authors:   University of Economics, Hue University, Nguyen Quang Phuc
Published: April 2023

Many recent studies on safe vegetables have been carried out in urban or peri-urban areas, while very few studies have been conducted in mountainous areas - Where there are some advantages in terms of natural conditions such as climate and land. Using the secondary data and household surveys, the objective of this study is to assess the economic efficiency of the pilot model and propose solutions for sustainable development of the safe vegetable production demonstration in A Luoi - A mountain district in Thua Thien Hue province. The results show that the safe vegetable production demonstration creates high economic efficiency, creates stable jobs, takes advantage of natural conditions as well as disseminates the experience of vegetable growing of household heads. Improving the land-use planning, and investment capital as well as propagating the effectiveness of the model as important solutions that need to be prioritized by local authorities in order to expand and develop this demonstration.
Regional hemodynamics of the eye in optic neuritis
Authors:   Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy, Khramenko Nataliya , Konovalova Nataliya ,   Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy, Serebrina Tetyana ,   Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy, Ivanytska Olena ,   Odesa National Medical University
Published: April 2023

Background: Optic nerve disease accounts for up to 28% of all cases of visual disability. Although recent studies have demonstrated abnormal hemodynamics in optic neuritis (ON), results of different studies as well as data on the pathophysiology of vascular abnormalities are contradictory. Purpose: To assess regional hemodynamics on the basis of ophthalmic rheography (ORG) and rheoencephalography (REG) in patients with optic neuritis and those with complications of the disease. Material and Methods: Fifty-seven patients (82 affected eyes; 27 women and 30 men) who were examined for idiopathic ON at the Department of Ocular Inflammatory Disease, Filatov Institute of Eye Disease and Tissue Therapy, were included in the study and divided into four groups. They underwent a clinical ophthalmological examination as well as ORG and REG studies with the computerized rheography apparatus Reocom (Kharkiv). Results: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) values were twofold to threefold lower for the eyes with partial optic atrophy (POA) after ON or those with macular involvement in ON than for the eyes with acute ON or prolonged ON. BCVA showed mild direct correlation with ocular pulse blood filling (OPBF) expressed as RQ (r = 0.24; р < 0.05), and negative correlation with the presence of complications following ON (r = -0.35; р < 0.05). RQ values in patients with acute ON were 15.5% higher than in controls (р < 0.05) and 35% and 31% higher than in patients with POA following ON and patients developing macular lesion following ON, respectively (р < 0.05). RQ values in patients with partial optic atrophy (POA) were 23.6% lower than in controls (р < 0.05), which reflected regional ischemic process. The odds ratio (OR) for the presence of a reduced RQ value (a) in the eye with POA following ON compared to the eye with acute ON was 9.2 (P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval 2.0–42.4), and (b) in the eye developing macular lesion following ON compared to the eye with acute ON was 4.3 (P < 0.05, 95% CI, 1.2–14.7). Pulse blood filling as assessed by rheography index (RI) in the internal carotid artery (ICS) was actually normal in patients with acute ON and 44% increased in patients with prolonged ON or outcome of ON compared to controls (р < 0.05). In addition, tonicity of large vessels in the ICS and VBS as assessed by alpha/Т (%) was normal in patients with acute ON and at average 15% higher in patients with complications following ON. Moreover, tonicity of small-caliber vessels as assessed by the dicrotic index (DCI) and diastolic index (DSI) values was at average 32.2% and 55%, respectively, higher in patients than in controls. Conclusion: We revealed features of ocular and brain hemodynamics in patients with acute ON, prolonged ON and those with complications of the disease.
Relationship between Burnout Syndrome Symptoms and Demographic Characteristics among Long-Term COVID-19 Hospital Healthcare Workers in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Artanto Ardi , NurAnggina Dientyah , Ghiffari Ahmad , Huda Dimas Farizul , Ilma Ridha
Published: April 2023

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the workload of health professionals grew significantly, particularly in the service sector. Such heavy workload, particularly for those working on the front lines, can result to burnout syndrome.Objective: To find the correlation between long-term COVID-19 service personnel characteristics and burnout syndrome symptoms at hospitals.Methods: This cross-sectional, analytic study was done on health workers that managed COVID-19 at Palembang Muhammadiyah Hospital and Palembang BARI Hospital in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Purposive sampling was used to sample, with 88 samples total that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A questionnaire was filled out to collect the data.Results: Based on the research results of data sets, there was a correlation between age and burnout syndrome (p=0.000), sex and burnout syndrome (p=0.006), COVID-19 service period and burnout syndrome (p=0.002), working hours per day and burnout syndrome (p=0.014), and marital status and burnout syndrome (p=0.013).Conclusion: Long-term COVID-19 service personnel and burnout syndrome symptoms in those hospitals are directly interrelated.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 07 No. 02 April’23 Page: 117-121
Moringa Oleifera Extract Decreases Interleukin 6 Levels and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Prabowo Nurhasan Agung , Nurudhin Arief , Werdiningsih Yulyani , Putra Dikha Dwi , Putri Desy Puspa , Widyastuti Retno
Published: April 2023

Moringa oleifera (MO) has anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis, and immunosuppressant effects in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). This study aims to determine the effect of moringa oleifera extract on interleukin 6 levels and disease activity in RA. This research, with 30 patients, was divided into two groups: the intervention and the placebo. The intervention group received 40.50 mg/kg BW/day of Moringa oleifera extract for one month. IL-6 levels and SDAI scores were measured before and after the treatment. Paired t-test showed that IL-6 levels (p=0.070) and SDAI Scores (p=0.142) before and after MO administration for the control group were not significantly different (p> 0.05). Paired t-test IL-6 (p=0.001) and SDAI Scores (p=0.001) before and after giving MO to the treatment group decreased significantly (p <0.05). Independent t-test shows that the two changes, Delta-IL6 (p=0,008) and Delta-SDAI (p=0,017), are significantly different (p<0.05). Moringa Oleifera Extract decreases IL-6 Levels and SDAI Scores in RA PatientsInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 07 No. 02 April’23 Page: 122-127
Association Between Neck Circumference and Preeclampsia In Pregnant Women
Authors: Apriyanti Dwi , Budihastuti Uki Retno , Kusnandar Dan
Published: April 2023

The nutritional status of a person can be measured by neck circumference. This measurement uses a tape measure that is looped around the neck just below the larynx and perpendicular to the length of the neck. The parameters of neck circumference used to assess nutritional status are > 34 cm in women with BMI > 25 kg/m2 and > 36.5 cm in women with BMI > 30 kg/m2 with an accuracy rate of 99%. Being overweight and obese during pregnancy and childbirth will increase the risk of chronic disease in both mother and child. Pregnant women with obesity are at risk for pregnancy complications such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and more often undergo cesarean delivery due to a baby born prematurely. An observational study with a case-control design using a cross-sectional approach was carried out by measuring neck circumference in 130 pregnant women with gestational age above 20 weeks which was divided into 65 respondents of pregnant women with preeclampsia and 65 respondents of pregnant women without complications. This research was conducted on pregnant women in Tangerang Regency. The chi-square test is used to analyze the data with a significant value of 0.05. The results of the Chi-Square test obtained a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05), indicating a relationship between neck circumference and the occurrence of preeclampsia in pregnant women. The Contingency Coefficient value of 0.493 indicates the impact of obesity on the occurrence of preeclampsia by 49.3%, while other factors that influence preeclampsia are 50.7%. Neck circumference can be used as a method to assess nutritional status in pregnant women to prevent preeclampsia.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 07 No. 02 April’23 Page: 139-143
The Effect of “Seiza” Sitting Position During Dzikr After Moslem Prayer on Stomach Circumference Changes: A Case Report
Authors: Muhammad Rakha Zidane , Kurniati Amiroh , Budisulistyo Trianggoro , Safitri Nirmala
Published: April 2023

Introduction.The Japanese floor-sitting Seiza is reflected of femoral artery pinched, which improved of tissues oxygenation and circulation. It might play role on body metabolism, also the nerves system.Methods: Study was conducted on a 20-year-old obese man performed routinely dzikr with Seiza sitting, so the time duration counted. Stomach circumference and body weight was monitoring twice weekly until 1 month.Results: The stomach circumference measurements of 114 cm observed improvement, as at week 1 (1.75%), week 2 (0.88%), week 3 (63%), and week 4 (3.51%) underwent 316 to 334 seconds weekly of Seiza sittings. A 100,4 kg of body weight showed gradually improvement: 0.55%, 0.35%, 0.25%, and 1.89% in each weeks.Discussion: The Seiza sitting might be relate to St36 Meridian points. It stimulated of parasympathetic system, digest and absorption, aliementary glands activated, also fat metabolism.Conclusions: The Seiza sitting during dzikr after prayer might improve of body metabolism.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 07 No. 02 April’23 Page: 202-206