bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regime-sanctioned oligarchs
Authors: Konończuk Wojciech
Published: January 2022

No oligarchic system, similar to those in Ukraine or Russia, developed in Belarus after 1991, but the formation of a group of prominent regime-linked businessmen has accelerated in recent years. They owe their influence to informal concessions from the regime to do business in selected sectors of the economy. They often do not take over state property but act as intermediaries, earning a hefty commission for doing so. They also operate in the criminal sphere, primarily involving the large-scale smuggling of goods into Russia and the European Union. This article aims to show the evolution and specifics of big business in Belarus. The growing capital potential of big Belarusian businessmen, estimated at a dozen or so, and their rising influence on the economic decisions made by the authorities while maintaining total political loyalty, make it justified to call at least some of them oligarchs. The system emerging in Belarus bears certain similarities to some post-Soviet oligarchic systems while having its own distinctive features. The accumulated capital and contacts give at least some of the emerging Belarusian oligarchs a good starting position for taking a front seat in a possible future political transformation, should the conditions arise for that to begin.
Małe państwo a kryzys
Authors: Łysek Wojciech
Published: January 2022

This article is dedicated to the attitudes of the Baltic States towards the protests in Belarus in August 2020. The analysis uses the category of a small state. It seems to best characterise the role of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in international relations. The first part of this article describes the relations of these three countries with Belarus before 2020. Then, the emphasis is put on the instruments and strategies which have been used by the Baltic States towards Belarus since the presidential elections in August 2020. The article discusses the role of a regional, expert, hidden subjectivity using multilateral formats, good services, entrepreneurial and silent diplomacy. In his considerations, the author presents the reactions of the authorities and societies. The article is based on state documents, analyses, politicians’ speeches, press materials and literature on the subject.
Green Deal a Zielona Agenda dla Bałkanów Zachodnich
Authors: Olszewski Paweł
Published: January 2022

This article deals with the important topic of the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans and its place in the perspective of the so-called Green Deal of the European Union. The author discusses the issue of the green deal and agenda from the perspective of the Union's foreign policy and the process of adaptation of the Balkans in the integration process. The topic of the participation of the Western Balkans in the pro-ecological activities of the European Union is based on a collective document presented in 2019 by the European Union as the Green Deal, setting new directions for the development of EU policy. The countries of the Western Balkans have dealt with this issue extensively in the document entitled "Sofia Declaration for the implementation of the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans". Their activities in this area are related not only to the fulfillment of assumptions regarding environmental protection but also in the context of the potential enlargement of the European Union and the willingness to join the group of Member States. In this regard, the Balkan states perceive the Green Agenda as a broader spectrum of their functioning in united Europe and the possibility of appearing on the European arena by fitting into the pan-European trend. The complexity of these processes is extremely large and covers several aspects, the implementation of which is possible not only with the support of the European Union but above all as part of the development of regional cooperation.
Od dyrektyw w sprawie jakości powietrza do Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu
Authors: Stryjek Joanna
Published: January 2022

In Poland, the problem of air pollution has not been given due attention for a long time. As a consequence, Poland is classified as one of the countries with the highest level of air pollution in Europe. Due to the fact that the problem is of a transboundary nature, air quality policy constitutes an important element of the EU’s supranational policy. The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of the EU policy on counteracting the problem of air pollution by Poland and to assess whether the problem can be effectively solved thanks to the implementation of the new growth strategy – the European Green Deal. The research results show that Poland’s membership in the EU has had the greatest impact on the process of building public awareness of the threat posed by air pollution. Despite the generally low effectiveness of the policy pursued so far, the new EU growth strategy (together with the financial instruments supporting its implementation) offers a real opportunity to significantly reduce the level of air pollution in Poland.
Europejski Zielony Ład i odbudowa polskiej gospodarki – szanse i wyzwania
Authors: Ziemacki Zbysław
Published: January 2022

Man-made climate change has become the greatest political and economic challenge today. The dictate of GDP as the main measure of prosperity and economic success has led to the wasteful use of natural resources and a drastic increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The consequences are more and more felt: water, food and air pollution, the spread of infectious diseases such as Covid19, or extreme weather phenomena caused by global warming. Limiting these phenomena requires strong and consistent political decisions as well as real actions. The ambitious goals of decarbonisation and climate neutrality adopted by the European Union meet with the strongest resistance and criticism in the former Eastern Bloc countries, whose economies are highly dependent on coal. European policymakers are trying to reconcile the interests of European economies, highly diversified both in terms of the economic structure and the share of fossil fuels in the energy mix. The main tool is to be the unprecedented scale of the European budget earmarked for pro-climate actions, which is to help achieve climate neutrality while maintaining economic growth.
Surowce energetyczne poradzieckich państw Azji Centralnej w polityce gospodarczej Chin
Authors: Mironowicz Eugeniusz
Published: January 2022

China s interest in the energy resources of Central Asian has been growing since the end of the 20th century. During the twenty years of the 21st century, China became the most important trading partner Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. Eksport from Central Asia to China are raw materials, mainly gas and crude oil, and imports are finished products of the mining sector, transmission and communication infrastructure. The opening in 2009 of the gas pipeline from Turkmenistan to China via Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan was a turning point for the strengthening of Beijing s influence in the region. The gas pipeline broke Russia s monopoly on intermediation in trade in energy resources from Central Asian states and created a completely new system of economic relations. Despite the conflicting interests with the Russian Federation, both countries are demonstrating their will to cooperate politically in the region.
Circular economy – a new concept or a necessity
Authors: Szczygieł Elżbieta
Published: January 2022

This article presents the idea of a circular economy (CE) as a practical implementation of postulates of the sustainable development of the economy. The focus is on the current situation of the use of natural resources and their capacity to meet global needs. The article has a theoretical character, enriched by presenting up-to-date statistical data concerning the use of natural resources. The main thesis of the article assumes that the CE model appears to be a proper solution for achieving sustainable development aims as it links environmental aspects with economic challenges. The aim of this article is to show the relationship between the increasing usage of natural resources and the need to save them through implementation of this complex solution. The results of the preliminary analysis indicate that the use of natural resources, corresponding to the level of global consumption, is still increasing and could threaten the possibility of meeting the needs of future generations.
Azerbejdżan pod rządami Alijewów
Authors: Patlewicz Barbara
Published: January 2022

In previous years Azerbaijan experienced only a few of leadership changes following independence in 1991. In 1992 Abulfaz Elchibey, the leader of the Popular Front, won first fairly contested presidential election. However the beginning of the current phase political life took place in 1993. As a result of the ensuing war, Armenian armed forces occupied then 14–16 percent of Azerbaijan (20 percent according to Azerbaijani sources), including the Nagorno-Karabakh region and seven surrounding districts. The collapse of the Popular Front government led to Heidar Aliev’s former communist party boss return to Baku as national leader. During his presidency (1993–2003), Aliev ensured political order, economic stabilization and peace, but suppressed political pluralism. At the time Azerbaijan has positioned itself on the international scene as an increasingly important actor, but in domestic politics system crafted by Aliev political power was concentrated in the hands post-Soviet cadres and regional clans. Ilham Aliev became president of the country in 2003. The period immediately preceding and following his reelection for a second term in October 2008 was marked by further steps towards the consolidation of the semiauthoritarian and authoritarian regime established by his father – Heidar.
Współpraca wojskowa NATO z państwami Kaukazu od 1991 roku
Authors: Stróżyk Jarosław
Published: January 2022

NATO declares open door policy towards aspiring countries since 90s. States from South Caucasus region took the effort to adjust its defense and security systems to NAO standards. To become a fully-fledged NATO members the main obstacle remains the lack of political will to extend NATO commitment to collective defense. Additionally self-imposed limitations of some NATO members stemming form 1997 NATO-Russia Founding Act plays a vital role. It’s hard to assume that new Strategic Concept will grant an automatic membership to any of NATO partner countries. Georgia, Armenia nor Azerbaijan have been seriously considered as NATO member states. The door are barely open.
Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne Republiki Azerbejdżanu w okresie transformacji gospodarczej lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX w.
Authors: Kosowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article is to assess the level of economic security of the Republic of Azerbaijan during the economic transformation of the 1990s. The analyzed period was divided into two stages: the transformation crisis (1992–1995) and economic stabilization and recovery (1996–2000). The strengths and weaknesses of the resource state were also discussed.
The analysis showed that the economic policy of Gaidar Aliyev and the choice of the raw material model of the economy allowed to stabilize the economy in the second half of the 1990s and to initiate a period of economic growth. Thanks to the implemented reforms and investments in the oil and gas sector, the level of economic security in Azerbaijan has increased. The low standard of living of the citizens remained an unresolved problem. Moreover, the growing dependence of the state on the production and sale of oil became a challenge for the economic policy of the Azerbaijani authorities in the following years.
Polityka bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Azerbejdżanu w regionie kaspijskim
Authors: Misiągiewicz Justyna
Published: January 2022

In contemporary international relations, the energy security is becoming a key issue. Access to energy resources is the existential need of every state, conditioning its economic and social development. Interdependencies in the energy field are a key determinants of international relations, where the participants are not only states but also non-sovereign actors. The research problem of the study is the analysis of Azerbaijan's energy security policy priorities in the Caspian region. The main aim of the research is to present its interests, conditions and activities in the energy security policy dimension. Pipeline geopolitics and security threats influence the strategic goals of Azerbaijan's policy, a pioneer in the development of the energy sector in the Caspian region.
KECERDASAN INTERPERSONAL DAN URGENSINYA BAGI GURU PAI
Authors: Adib M. Afiqul
Published: January 2022

Tugas utama guru sejatinya sangat berhubungan dengan sosial. Seorang guru akan berinteraksi dengan muridnya ketika pembelajaran berlangsung, dan keberhasilan sebuah proses pembelajaran akan sangat dipengaruhi oleh cara guru dalam menjalin pola hubungan yang baik. Kemampuan tersebut akan bisa didapati jika guru mengembangkan kecerdasan interpersonal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji tentang kecerdasan interpersonal, serta menjawab beberapa hal, seperti: Bagaimana peran seorang guru PAI? Dan mengapa guru PAI harus memiliki kecerdasan interpersonal? Metode Penelitian yang pakai dalam membedah atau menganalisi kajian ini adalah Library research atau penelitian pustaka. Setelah diperolah data yang cukup, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan ulang serta penyusunan sesuai dengan konsep yang ditentukan untuk memudahkan membaca dan diperoleh kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan beberapa hal, yakni kecerdasan interpersonal merupakan kemampuan untuk mengetahui apa yang dinginkan orang lain, mulai dari hasrat, tekanan, ego, kecemasan, keinginan, serta emosi lainnya sehingga bisa memberikan respons yang sesuai dengan subjek yang dituju, bukan menyesuaikan dengan diri sendiri. Kemampuan ini akan membuat hubungan sosial seseorang menjadi kuat karena orang di sekitarnya menjadi lebih bahagia ketika berhubungan.
Tenor of Discourse and Modality Examination in Achebe’s Anthills of the Savannah
Authors: Yokossi Dr Daniel
Published: January 2022

This study has examined the tenor of discourse and modality in two excerpts from Achebe’s Anthills of the Savannah. The study aims at decoding the writer’s subtly encoded messages through both the interrelationships established among the participants of the selected excerpts and his use of modality. To attain such objectives, the investigation uses the descriptive quantitative and qualitative methodology. The research has arrived at valuable findings. Among several others presented in the subsection entitled interpretation of findings, the study has unveiled that power among the participants of the excerpts is unequal, contact infrequent, and affective involvement low. The tenor or social role relationship played by such participants as Major Sam, Chris Oriko, and Ikem Osodi is a formal one describing a formal situation. This implies that Achebe’s message in these excerpts is a serious one depictive of the real political unrest and the dominantly unmanageable discontent of Nigerians by the time he wrote these texts. The social role relationship carried out by the salespeople and their potential customers depict an informal tenor highlighting Achebe’s claim for a change in the Nigerians’ mind, and indirectly in the Africans’ ways of life. The overriding use of modalization over modulation in the analyzed excerpts highlights the way the writer creates a less authoritative, more suggestive tenor balancing, by this means, the power inequality inherent in the modulation.
Uzaktan Eğitimde STEM Etkinliklerinin Uygulanmasına İlişkin Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: TÜRK Zeynep , DURAN Meltem
Published: January 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı okul öncesine yönelik uzaktan eğitimde uygulanacak STEM etkinlikleri hakkında öğretmen adaylarının görüşlerinin alınmasıdır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Karadeniz Bölgesinde bulunan bir üniversitenin Eğitim Fakültesi Okul Öncesi Anabilim dalı lisans düzeyinde 4. sınıfa devam etmekte olan 10 okul öncesi öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Öğretmen adaylarının 8’i kız, 2’si erkektir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan yarı yapılandırılmış açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşme için öğretmen adaylarıyla sosyal ağlar üzerinden canlı olarak iletişime geçilmiş ve görüşme esnasında ses kaydı alınmıştır. Görüşme sonucunda elde edilen sonuçlar daha sonra araştırmacı tarafından yazıya aktarılmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi kurallarına göre çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları ışığında öğretmen adaylarının uzaktan eğitimde STEM etkinliklerinin uygulanmasına genel olarak olumlu baktıkları fakat etkili ve kalıcı öğrenmeyi sağlayacağını düşünmedikleri sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca öğretmen adaylarının büyük bir çoğunluğu uzaktan eğitimde uygulanacak STEM etkinliklerini uygulamada kendilerini yeterli görmediklerini belirtmiştir. Öğretmen adayları bu etkinlikler çerçevesinde yaşayacakları zorlukları belirtmiş, buna yönelik çözüm önerileri üretmiş ve bu etkinliklerin etkililiğini arttırmak için çeşitli önerilerde bulunmuştur.
Physiological Effects and Prescription of Exercise in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Arnengsih Nazir
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a disease with atherosclerotic process in blood vessels which results in impairment of blood flow to the lower limbs. The prevalence escalates with advancing age and resulting in typical symptoms of intermittent claudication, ischemic pain at rest, non-healingwound, and atypical symptoms associated with PAD. These symptoms can lead to impaired walking, activity restrictions, and low quality of life. Regular exercise has been known as an effective intervention to reduce symptoms and improve exercise performance.Methods: Literature published from 2011-2021 was searched using the PubMed and Google Scholar as the search engine. The keywords used were exercise, physiological effect, recommendation, peripheral artery disease, and intermittent claudication.Results: Forty-four literature matched with the topic and 1 1 were used to explain sub-topics.Conclusion: The physiological effects of regular exercise include increased of oxygen extraction from blood vessels and muscle enzyme activity, as well as decreased of inflammatory mediators associated with endothelial damage. The recommended form of exercise for PAD is walking both under supervisionand without supervision at home and community. Prescription of aerobic exercise vary based on intensity targeted. Another forms of exercise recommended for PAD patients are resistance and flexibility exercises.Keywords: exercise, peripheral artery disease, physiological ef fects, supervised-exercise.
Kinesiotaping Effects on Shoulder Pain, Mobilization and Functional Capacity in Leisure Basketball Athlete
Authors: Vitriana Biben
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Shoulder pain is a common issue among basketball players and it can decrease their range of motion (ROM) and overall upper limb functional ability. Kinesiotaping modulates pain mechanoreceptors on the skin and thus can reduce pain and impro ve shoulder ROM.Methods: This study aims to evaluate the effects of KT application on the severity of pain, shoulder mobilization, and functional ability of the upper limb in leisure basketball players. Quantitative quasiexperimental method with intervention design in 32 basketball leisure athletes was used. Pain was assessed by using the 100mm Numeric Rating Scale instrument, shoulder flexion and abduction were measured using a goniometer and the Shoulder Pain & Disability Index (SPADI) instrument was used to assess upper limb functional ability.Results: There was a significant decrease in shoulder pain (4.78±0.79 to 2.90±1.42 on day 5, p= 0.05), and an increase in flexion and abduction (on day 5, p=0.05 for flexion and p=0.05 for abduction). There was also a significant increase (p =0.05) in upper limb functional ability after the intervention.Conclusion: KT application shows benefits in decreasing shoulder pain and increasing shoulder mobilization and functional ability of upper limb during first 3rd day until 5th day application.Keywords: functional abilities, kinesiotaping, mobilization, pain, should er joint
Diagnostic Approach in Isolated Bulbar Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report
Authors: Nunung Nugroho  , Albert Setiawan
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease. Based on the clinical manifestation, it is divided into spinal form and bulbar form. Bulbar form ALS is divided into two, progressive bulbar and isolated bulbar ALS (IBALS). Patients are diagnosed with IBALS whensymptoms are isolated in the bulbar region for at least six months. The prevalence of IBALS represents only 4% of the neuron disease.Objective: To provide the diagnostic approach of IBALS case based on the clinical signs and symptoms, physical examination, laboratory and radiology findings, electromyography, and fiber optic laryngoscopy examination.Case: A 64-year-old woman presented with slurred speech, the symptoms appeared 2 years ago. Within the last 6 months, the symptoms deteriorated, the patient was unable to speak, and had major difficulty in swallowing food and drinks. The functional status impairment was limited in the bulbar region.Laboratory and radiology findings did not lead to any certain disease. Electromyography and fiber optic laryngoscopy results suggesting a motor neuron disease.Conclusion: It is important to diagnose ALS patients to determine the treatment, progressivity, and prognosis of the disease.Keywords: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, bulbar form, diagnosis
ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN KEMANDIRIAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PENYESUAIAN DIRI SISWA KELAS I DAN KELAS V
Authors: Endah Kusumaningrum Yuris Indria Persada
Published: January 2022

The Effect of Independence Development to Self-Adjustment Abilities of 1st Grade and 5th Grade Students. The development of independence and adaptation ability is an important thing and must be passed by every student’s development. In this study, research was conducted on 5th grade students and 1st grade student. The result is the 5th grade student had better development of independence and self-adjustment abilities than 1st grade student.
PROSES PENGUATAN KARAKTER DISIPLIN BELAJAR TERHADAP SISWA MELALUI KEGIATAN PEMBIASAAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN HYBRID LEARNING
Authors: Nurhalisza
Published: January 2022

Semenjak adanya covid-19 di Indonesia sekolah menerapkan pembelajaran daring. Dengan pembelajaran daring menyebabkan menurunnya karakter disiplin siswa. seperti siswa telat mengumpulkan tugas. Kemudian pada akhir tahun 2020 bulan desember sudah ada bebrapa sekolah yang menerapkan pembelajran tatap muka sebagian atau yang disebuat dengan hybrid learning. Pembelajaran hybrid  merupakan pembelajaran terbagi atas dua sesi pembelajaran yang mana sebagian siswa melakukan pembelajaran dirumah melalui daring dan sebagian siswa belajar di sekolah tatap muka dengan guru dan teman teman. Karakter disiplin yang dimiliki masyarakat sat ini mulai menurun. Terutama pada siswa Sekolah Dasar. Yang mana pada tingkat sekolah dasar ini menjadi pondasisi untuk  siswa memiliki karakter yang baik terutama karakter disiplin. Penguatan karakter disiplin bukan hanya dari lingkungan keluarga tetapi bisa dilakuakn di lingkungan sekolah. Di lingkungan sekolah bisa dimulai dengan disiplin belajar. Penguatan karakter disiplin belajar merupakan suatu usaha yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan dan menumbuhkan kembali karakter disiplin belajar pada siswa melalui kegiatan pembiasaan.penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seperti apa penguatan karekter disiplin belajar siswa melalui kegiatan pembiasaan pada pembelajaran Hybrid. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif.  Hasil penelitan yang dilakukan dilihat dari Kegiatan pembiasaan yang dilakukan disekolah seperti leterasi dan juga program sabtu bersih dengan program pembiasaan ini dapat mendukung proses penguatan karakter disiplin belajar terhadap siswa. Sehingga terjadi peningkatan karakter disiplin siswa melalui kegiatan pembiasaan tersebut bahwa proses penguatan karakter disiplin di SDN Anyar 2 yang dilaksanakan saat pembelajaran hybrid  ini sudah cukup baik.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MODEL INSIDE OUTSIDE CIRCLE (IOC) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR TEMATIK TERPADU KELAS IV SDN GUGUS V KECAMATAN SUTERA
Authors: Lorenza Tara
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the Inside Outside Circle (IOC) model on the improvement of integrated thematic learning outcomes for class IV SDN Gugus V, Sutera District. This research is a quantitative research with the type of research is a quasi experimental design. This research was conducted at SDN Cluster V Sutera District. The sample data was collected using random sampling technique. The instrument used in collecting data is in the form of an objective test in the form of multiple choice. The data analysis technique used is the t-test. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the Inside Outside Circle (IOC) model on student learning outcomes in theme 8. This was evidenced by the results of the t-test at the real level ɑ = 0.05, and dk = 43 obtained tcount (2.48)> t (2,018). The conclusion is that the Inside Outside Circle (IOC) model has a significant effect on increasing integrated thematic learning outcomes for class IV SDN 14 Sungai Sirah, Sutera District, Pesisir Selatan Regency.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK TERPADU DENGAN MODEL TEAM QUIZ DI SD
Authors: Marici Sartika Ranta , Sri Lena Mai
Published: January 2022

This research aims to increase student learning outcomes using the Team Quiz model in class IV SD Negeri 12 Padang Kubu. This research is included in the type of CAR research using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The subjects of this research were teachers and 16 fourth grade students. This research was conducted in two cycles. As a result of this research proves the development that occurs in cycles I and II. The planning aspect of Cycle I obtained an average of 81.94 (B) developed in Cycle II 94.44 SB). In the implementation of the teacher education aspect in the first cycle, the average score was 88.63 (SB) then increased to 97.72 (SB) in the second cycle and 85.22 increased to 95.45 in the student implementation. While student learning outcomes obtained an average of 69.09 and 80.46 in the second cycle
The Become a Profit Maker and Profit Keeper Against the Moral Responsibilities of Private University Lecturers
Authors: Anis Billy Josef
Published: January 2022

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to design implementation for two employee categories (A and B) model profit as lecturer’s moral responsibility as part as an employee of the private university.

Design / methodology/approach - This paper uses a case study approach to analyze the implementation of profit maximization in private industries such as financial services, to be applied in the private higher education industry to face open competition, especially corporate universities.

Findings - The results of the research find that  there is a positive and significant relationship between profit maker and profit keeper are in line with the moral responsibility of private lecturers.

Limitations/implications - Research is very limited on owner respondents, and there is no measurement transparency model. It is a challenging implication for further research.

Practical Implications – This research will be useful for applied research. The investment must be profitable. Student consumers must be looked after. Industries are transforming rapidly due to competition, market share, and avoiding failure. The model strategy should be run as a profit-oriented industry.

Originality / value – The research contributes greatly to professional models for private owners and lecturers, also provides a collaboration formula for sustainable competitive strategies from the start of investment to how it becomes more profitable.
Peran Kepemimpinan Pancasila terhadap Niat untuk Tinggal dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Mediasi
Authors: Nugroho Arief , Wirjawan Tri , Praborini Yuhaning , Asaroni Thoha , Naim Mohamad
Published: January 2022

Pemimpin yang memiliki jiwa pancasila Ini sangat dibutuhkan ditengah – tengah persaingan industri yang berkembang pesat. Ditengah  Persaingan yang terbuka terkadang melahirkan   suatu problematika persaingan yang tidak  sehat dan tidak  mencerminkan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Faktor kepemimpinan memiliki peran yang sangat penting terhadap keinginan karyawan untuk tetap tinggal  terutama dalam hal memperlakukan karyawan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai pancasila. seorang pemimpin dapat memberikan jaminan keadilan dan kesejahteraan sebagaiaman yang tertuang pada sila ke 5 pancasila keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat indonesia.dalam hal ini pemimpin harus mampu memberi rasa adil dan harapan kesejahteraan kepada karyawan sehingga dengan demikian karyawan bisa lebih termotivasi mengembangkan karir dan mendapatkan kepuasan kerja. Metodologi: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data simple ramdom sampling pada perusahaan Konsultan Teknik Semarang, untuk metode analisis datanya diolah menggunakan PLS dengan bantuan aplikasi SMARTPLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kepemimpinan Pancasila terhadap Niat untuk Tinggal dengan dimediasi Kepuasan kerja terdapat pengaruh yang tidak signifikan.

Leaders who have the spirit of Pancasila This is very much needed in the midst of a rapidly growing industry competition. In the midst of open competition, sometimes it gives birth to a problem of unfair competition and does not reflect the values of Pancasila. The leadership factor has a very important role in the desire of employees to stay, especially in terms of treating employees in accordance with Pancasila values. a leader can provide guarantees of justice and welfare as stated in the 5th principle of social justice for all Indonesian people. In this case the leader must be able to give a sense of justice and welfare expectations to employees so that employees can be more motivated to develop careers and get job satisfaction . Methodology: This research is a quantitative study with a simple random sampling method of data collection at a Semarang Engineering Consultant company, for the analysis method the data is processed using PLS with the help of the SMARTPLS 3.0 application. The results of this study indicate that Pancasila Leadership on Intention to Stay with mediated Job satisfaction has an insignificant effect.
Pengaruh Modal Usaha, Kualitas Produk, Jaringan Wirausaha Terhadap Kelangsungan Usaha UMKM Madu Sari Lanceng
Authors: Junedi  , Dwi Arumsari Mustika
Published: January 2022

Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) memiliki kontribusi atas Pendapatan Domestik Bruto (PDB) rata-rata sebesar 60% sehingga kelangsungan usahanya perlu dipertahankan dengan mengenali faktor-faktornya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh modal usaha, kualitas produk, dan jaringan wirausaha terhadap kelangsungan usaha UMKM Madu Sari Lanceng. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif, dan menggunakan analisis statistik. Pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner kepada 22 pelaku UMKM Madu Sari Lanceng di Nglipar, Gunungkidul. Hasil analisis memberikan gambaran:  a) Modal Usaha dan Jaringan Wirausaha tidak berpengaruh terhadap Kelangsungan Usaha; b). Kualitas Produk berpengaruh positif terhadap kelangsungan usaha.

Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a contribution to the average Gross Domestic Income (GDP) of 60% so that their business continuity needs to be maintained by recognizing the factors. This research aims to analyze the influence of business capital, product quality, and entrepreneurial networks on the business continuity of Madu Sari Lanceng MSMEs. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach, and uses statistical analysis. Data collection in the form of questionnaires to 22 MSME madu sari lanceng actors in Nglipar, Gunungkidul. The results of the analysis provide an overview: a) Business Capital and Entrepreneurial Network have no effect on Business Continuity; b). Product Quality has a positive effect on business continuity
The Loyalitas Karyawan Divisi IT Retail yang Dipengaruhi oleh Kompetensi, Personalitas dan Gaya Kepemimpinan
Authors: Wardani Mursida , Wijaya Reza , Margono Hery , Maskuri Muh.
Published: January 2022

Loyalitas yang tinggi merupakan salah satu kunci dalam meningkatkan keberhasilan sebuah organisasi yang juga bermanfaat bagi para karyawan untuk dapat lebih mencurahkan segala kemampuan yang dimilikinya guna menghasilkan nilai positif bagi organisasi. Beberapa faktor yang diduga memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk Loyalitas Karyawan Divisi IT Retail, diantaranya adalah Kompetensi, Personalitas dan Gaya Kepemimpinan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menguji faktor Kompetensi, Personalitas dan Gaya Kepemimpinan mengenai seberapa besar pengaruhnya terhadap Peningkatan Loyalitas Karyawan Divisi IT Retail. Dengan Populasi sebesar 200 Karyawan, didapat data responden sebanyak 113 Karyawan yang dapat digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan cara insidental sampling. Analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda dengan hasil : Kompetensi, Personalitas dan Gaya Kepemimpinan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan Divisi IT Retail..

High loyality is one of the keys in increasing the success of an organiation wich is also beneficial for employees to be able to devote more of their abilities to generate positive value for the organization. Several factors are thoght to have an important role in shaping the loyalty of the Retail IT Division Employees, including competence, personality and leadership style. This research was conducted by examining the factors of competence, personality and leadership style regarding how much influence it has on inreasing employee loyality in the IT Retail Division. With a population of 200 employees, the respondent data obtained as many as 113 employees which can be used in this study by incidental sampling. The analytical technique used to tet the hypothesis is a multiple regression quantitative technique with the results: competence, personality and leadership style have a significant influence on employee loyalty in the IT Retail Division.
Rakenteiden törmäys. Taiteellinen toimintatutkimus Teatterikorkeakoulun ja Sibelius-Akatemian yleisökontaktikurssista
Authors: Vehviläinen Anu , Lehtonen Jussi
Published: January 2022

Colliding structures: Artistic action research on audience contact course at the Sibelius and Theatre Academies.
This article focuses on a period between 2018–2019 when students from the Sibelius Academy were invited to take part in an audience contact course offered by the Theatre Academy. The experiment was carried out as an artistic activity analysis. During the course, theatre and music students formed working groups which encountered people from different habitation units and organized art workshops for them. Based on their experiences, the groups prepared performances which they performed in the health care and social security units as well as in prisons. We focus especially on what we term ‘structural collisions’ taking place between different practices: firstly, we examine the collision between Uniarts students and reception center workers in organizing art workshops. Another structural collision we discuss rose from the collaboration between different academies.  We consider how representatives of different art genres discuss the work concept of a collaboration-based performance and how different work concepts define the agency of the artists within a work-group-based artistic process. The aim is to offer visions on how the Theatre Academy and the Sibelius Academy might develop collaborative communal art education at the Uniarts Helsinki.
Combination of nanosomal form of doxorubicin, interferon alpha, and nitroglycerin in the threatment of 101.8 glioblastoma in Wistar rats
Authors: Kudelkina V. V. , Khalansky A. S. , Alekseeva A. I. , Gorelikov P. L. , Kosyreva A. M.
Published: January 2022

The search for effective approaches to the treatment of patients with glioblastoma is one of the difficult tasks of neurooncology; standard methods of therapy show limited results. Combined therapy, which includes different antitumor mechanisms, can increase its effectiveness. The combination of PLGA nanoform of doxorubicin (Dox-PLGA), antitumor cytokine — interferon alfa (IFN-α), and nitrogen oxide (NO) donor nitroglycerin (NG) was investigated in this work both in vitro (rat C6 glioma) and in vivo (rat 101.8 glioblastoma). MTT assay in the C6 cell line showed great cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effect of the combination of IFN-α with Dox-PLGA and NG. The lowest tumour cell survival was observed when using a high dose of IFN-α (10 ng/ml) in mono-mode. In the in vivo experiment, 32 female Wistar rats with 101.8 glioblastoma received therapy in the following modes: Dox-PLGA + NG; Dox-PLGA + IFN-α; Dox- PLGA + IFN-α + NG. There was a significant increase in median survival and life expectancy (ILE) in all groups receiving therapy compared to the group that did not undergo treatment. The longest median lifespan (27 days), survival up to 100 days (1 animal), ILE (131%) were observed in animals that received the combination Dox-PLGA + IFN-α+ NG, compared to the group without treatment, in which the median lifespan was 15 days. Thus, the therapy of experimental glioblastoma both in vivo and in vitro with the combination of Dox-PLGA + IFN-α + NG has the most pronounced therapeutic and antitumor effect, which must be taken into account when developing new more effective methods of treating human glioblastomas.
Genetic differences between Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with chronic mild and severe gastritis
Authors: Golubkina E. V. , Sorokin V. M. , Levitan B. N. , Umerova A. R. , Kamneva N. V.
Published: January 2022

Background. Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis (CG), being a very heterogeneous group, still does not have a divisin based on Helicobacter pylori (Hp) genotyping data, which could predict the clinical form of CG.

The aim of the study is to search for the prevalence of the cagA gene or any allelic combination of the vacA gene, or stable combinations of cagA and any allelic combination of vacA genes in Hp isolates from patients with mild and severe CG, as well as patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD).

Methods. Hp isolates from gastrobiopsy specimens were genotyped for cagA and vacA allelic combinations (s1m1, s2m1, s1m2, s2m2). The difference in the occurrence of vacA allelic combinations was assessed by Mann–Whitney U test; the conjunction of cagA and vacA allelic combinations was assessed by the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs).

Results. The cagA gene was found in more than half of all cases, both in patients with ulcer and in patients with CG (mild and severe). The incidence of vacAs1m1 (the most virulent allelic combination) showed no significant differences in all forms of gastritis and in PUD; the correlation between cagA and vacAs1m1 was significant in all groups of patients, rs ranged from 0.57 to 0.72. In patients with mild CG, an abundance of non-virulent allelic combination vacAs2m2 was observed, which was significantly different from its occurrence both in patients with severe CG and in patients with ulcer; the joint occurrence of vacAs2m2 and cagA in patients with mild CG was chaotic (rs=-0.13; P=0.40).

Conclusion. In mild CG, despite the absence of significant differences in cagA and vacAs1m1 (when compared with severe CG and ulcer disease), strains with a non-virulent allelic combination vacAs2m2 were significantly dominant; therefore, the detection of this particular allelic combination of vacA speaks in favor of a mild course of CG.
Influence of the NAT2 gene polymorphic markers on the effectiveness and safety of treatment in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis based on peripheral red blood cell dynamics
Authors: Krasnova N. M. , Efremenko S. G. , Evdokimova N. E. , Filippova O. I. , Chertovskikh Y. V. , Alekseeva E. A. , Tatarinova O. V. , Gotovtseva A. I. , Prokopev E. S. , Kravchenko A. F. , Vengerovskiy A. I. , Sychev D. A.
Published: January 2022

Background. Individual sensitivity to isoniazid in tuberculosis patients is determined by the presence of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) enzyme gene allelic variants in genome. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative alterations in peripheral blood can be used for diagnosis, disease severity estimation, or as a clue for estimation of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy effectiveness and safety.

Aim: Find associations between acetylation type and peripheral red blood cell (RBC) dynamics; determine the effect of NAT2 acetylation rate on the effectiveness and safety of treatment in patients with newly identified pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) residing in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).

Methods. This study included 146 patients with various clinical forms of newly diagnosed pulmonary TB. Oral isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol were administered patients. Genotyping was performed via real time PCR.

Results. Rapid and intermediate acetylators showed an increase in hemoglobin concentrations and RBC erythrocyte hemoglobin content by the end of chemotherapy (P<0.05). Incidence of anemia was lower in intermediate acetylators, compared to rapid or slow acetylators (P=0.013). Negative correlation was established between absolute RBC count and slow acetylation type (P=0.017). Patients with rapid acetylation type showed increased RBC distribution width indexes RDW-CV and RDW-SD (P<0.05).

Conclusions. An adequate therapeutic effect was achieved with standard doses of anti-TB medications in patients with intermediate acetylation type. Rapid and slow acetylators required anti-TB medication dose correction. Genotyping for NAT2 gene in patients with pulmonary TB enables clinicians to choose the optimal dose of anti-TB medications, specifically, isoniazid dose.
Meta-analytical evaluation of the clinical efficacy of a complex metabolic neuroprotector in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia
Authors: Zhuravleva M. V. , Gorodetskay G. I. , Reznikova T. S. , Vasyukova N. S. , Arkhipov V. V. , Serebrova S. Yu.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and impact of the complex metabolic neuroprotector on the patients’ quality of life (CMN) Cytoflavin in tablets, as well as in the course of stepwise pharmacotherapy of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) of various etiologies, followed by meta-analysis, on the basis of a systematic review of published clinical studies.

Material and methods. A selection of randomized controlled trials was carried out over the past 15 years, in which CMN Cytoflavin was used in the tablet dosage form or in a stepwise course of therapy in at least 25 patients diagnosed with chronic cerebral ischemia with a total course of therapy of at least 25 days. The assessment of CMP clinical efficacy and the analysis of formalized indicators of clinical efficacy (relative risk, odds ratio, frequency of outcomes, values of absolute and relative benefits, etc.) was carried out.

Results and conclusion. 403 publications for 2000–2017 describing the use of CMN Cytoflavin were analyzed. 16 studies were selected for the systematic review, the meta-analysis included 6 randomized clinical trials and one non-randomized study of the use of CMN in patients with CCI. The data of the systematic review and meta-analysis showed a sufficient efficacy of complex metabolic neuroprotector use in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. However, the meta-analysis revealed significant heterogeneity between the studies. The drug has a beneficial effect on the quality of life of patients, increases the likelihood of a positive outcome in relation to the relief of asthenic and vestibular-atactic syndromes, in relation to complaints of increased fatigue, headache, dizziness, noise in the head, impaired coordination. It improves cognitive functions, exhibits sufficiently high tolerance and safety.
Isolation of rare Genera of actinomycetes — antibiotic producers from soils using Aloe Arborescens juice
Authors: Sineva O. N.
Published: January 2022

The search for new antibiotics is an urgent problem due to the spread of resistance to existing antibacterial drugs in pathogenic microorganisms. Actinomycetes are producers of a large number of antibiotics used in medicine. Most antibiotics are isolated from actinomycetes of the Streptomyces genus, while rare genera of actinomycetes can be the producers of new antibiotics.

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the biological substances complex present in aloe juice on the growth stimulation of rare genera of actinomycetes.

Material and methods. Objects: samples of sod-podzolic soil and chernozem. The standard method of sowing soil suspensions on oat agar and Gause medium No. 2 was used to isolate actinomycetes. Chemotaxonomic properties were determined using the methods of ascending thin-layer chromatography on a cellulose layer. The generic identity of cultures was determined using Bergey’s manual and materials comparing the composition of cell walls of actinobacteria. DNA PCR with standard 27f and 1492r primers, as well as Sanger sequencing, were performed to study genosystematic features. Antibiotic activity was determined against the test microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus ИНА 00985 (FDA 209P), Staphylococcus aureus ИНА 00761 (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus ИНА 00762 (УФ- 2), Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ИНА 01042.

Results. A total of 527 actinomycete cultures were isolated from samples of sod-podzolic soil and chernozem with the addition of aloe juice; their phylogenetic position was determined. The dominant actinomycetes in the studied soil samples are the representatives of the genus Streptomyces. Bacteria of the genus Micromonospora take the second place by the number of isolated cultures. Rare genera of actinomycetes have also been identified: Nonomuraea, Streptosporangium, Nocardia, Actinomadura, Actinocorallia, Pseudonocardia, Amycolatopsis, Saccharomonospora, Saccharopolyspora, Promicromonospora, Kribbella. It was determined that the isolated cultures possess antibiotic activity against test microorganisms.

Conclusion. It is advisable to use aloe juice after subjecting the leaves to biostimulation to isolate actinomycetes from the soil and identify their biodiversity.
A new generation of probiotics — psychobiotics, their purpose and functions
Authors: Dbar S. D. , Stoyanova L. G.
Published: January 2022

A review of the literature on the etiological role of the microbiome in the treatment of depressive disorders is presented based on an analysis of 98 literature sources for 2000–2020, of which 35 are domestic and 63 are foreign. Evidence is substantiated that the gut microbiome may represent a new potential target of antidepressant therapy. The emergence of a new class of probiotics (psychobiotics), as well as possible psychobiotic treatments, could be a promising strategy for improving the quality of life of people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases and developmental disorders of the nervous system.