bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agency evaluation in motor cognition: Action’s control-effectiveness feedback and its environmental context enhance motor performance
Authors: Karsh Noam , Ahmad Zoha , Freud Erez , Hadad Bat Sheva
Published: December 2021

A perceptual effect that is temporally contiguous on one’s action holds important information about one’s control over the action and its effect (“I did that”). Previous work has demonstrated the impact of such immediate action-effect on perception and motor processes. In the current study, we investigated the promoting impact of control-effectiveness feedback – an effect that is temporally contiguous on one’s action – on motor performance. In two experiments, participants performed a rapid movement towards a target location on a computer monitor and clicked on the target with their mouse key as quickly and accurately as possible. Their click response triggered a perceptual effect (a brief white flash) on the target. We manipulated control-effectiveness feedback by employing varying levels of action-effect delay in two experimental contexts - long versus short lag distributions. Such design enabled us to investigate the impact of both the recent action-effect delay and its experimental context on motor performance. The findings demonstrate that control-effectiveness feedback (e.g., temporally contiguous perceptual effect) enhances motor performance as indicated by both endpoint precision and movement speed. In addition, a substantial effect of the experimental context was observed. Namely, we found enhanced motor performance, especially after an ambiguous (intermediate) action-effect delay when it was sampled from a short compared to long lag distribution; a pattern that supports the contribution of both ‘control’ expectations and control-feedback on motor performance. We discuss findings in the context of previous work on control-effectiveness and movement control and their potential implications for clinicians and digital interface developers.
SCOPE: The South Carolina Psycholinguistic Metabase
Authors: Gao Chuanji , Shinkareva Svetlana V. , Desai Rutvik H.
Published: December 2021

The number of databases that provide various measurements of lexical properties for psycholinguistic research has increased rapidly in recent years. The proliferation of lexical variables, and the multitude of associated databases, makes the choice, comparison, and standardization of these variables in psycholinguistic research increasingly difficult. Here, we introduce The South Carolina Psycholinguistic Metabase (SCOPE), which is a metabase (or a meta-database) containing an extensive, curated collection of psycholinguistic variable values from major databases. The metabase currently contains 245 lexical variables, organized into seven major categories: General (e.g., frequency), Orthographic (e.g., bigram frequency), Phonological (e.g., phonological uniqueness point), Orth-Phon (e.g., consistency), Semantic (e.g., concreteness), Morphological (e.g., number of morphemes) and Response variables (e.g., lexical decision latency). We hope that SCOPE will become a valuable resource for researchers in psycholinguistics and affiliated disciplines such as cognitive neuroscience of language, computational linguistics, and communication disorders. The availability and ease of use of the metabase with comprehensive set of variables can facilitate the understanding of the unique contribution of each of the variables to word processing, and that of interactions between variables, as well as new insights and development of improved models and theories of word processing. It can also help standardize practice in psycholinguistics. We demonstrate use of the metabase by measuring relationships between variables in multiple ways and testing their individual contribution towards a number of dependent measures, in the most comprehensive analysis of this kind to date. The metabase is freely available at go.sc.edu/scope.
Insect Pest Management of Vegetables in Pocket Areas of Modi Rural Municipality, Parbat
Authors: Gautam Prem Raj , Sharma Som
Published: December 2021

Modi Rural Municipality is one of the commercial vegetable pocket areas under temperate climate. A study was carried out during July 2021 in three vegetable growing areas: Tilahar, Deupur and Bajung of Modi Rural Municipality. A total number of nine quadrates (10×10) m2 were laid, including three replicating quadrates in each area with 500m differences from each quadrates in the sampling site. Overall, 18 farmers were interviewed to collect information about vegetables grown, insect pests that affected vegetables and their management practices. The total number of 24 insect pests were recorded belonging to five orders from 14 vegetable crops. Greater Sorensen's similarity index of insects was recorded in Tilahar and Deupur (ß=0.52) because there was similarity in environment, habitats, larval host plants and visiting plants of insects. Lower Sorensen's similarity index (ß=0.25) was recorded in Deupur and Bajung as there was less similarity in environment, habitats, larval host plants and visiting plants of insects. Insect pests and diseases on vegetables were the major problems in the study areas. The use of chemical insecticides was the means to control adopted by most of farmers while a few of them used other control methods. Insecticides on pests were applied considering fewer precautions. The study clearly indicated that the farmer’s knowledge towards Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was null and thus necessary action should be taken by concerned agencies to increase rate of vegetable production, avoid the heavy use of chemicals and allied consequences.
ЭТНИЧНОСТЬ В КОНФЛИКТАХ НА СЕВЕРНОМ КАВКАЗЕ: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ТРЕТЬЕГО ДЕСЯТИЛЕТИЯ XXI ВЕКА
Authors: Авксентьев В. А. , Аксюмов Б. В. , Гриценко Г. Д.
Published: December 2021

Этнополитический кризис на Северном Кавказе к настоящему времени завершился. Однако сохранились угрозы дестабилизации межэтнических отношений и роста этнополитической напряженности. В статье исследуется роль этничности в конфликтных ситуациях на Северном Кавказе. Для выявления тенденций развития региональных этнополитических, межэтнических процессов использовались различные эмпирические методы конфликтологического анализа, в частности ивент-анализ и контент-анализ. В результате ивент-анализа публикаций, размещенных в интернет-издании «Кавказский узел», а также иных региональных интернет-ресурсах, были выявлены наиболее часто встречающиеся темы сообщений. Это публикации о событиях, в которых, прежде всего, раскрывается значимость этнических традиций. Несмотря на кажущуюся деполитизированность манифестирования национальных традиций, было установлено, что часть сообщений о значимости этнических традиций имеют негативный контекст, указывающий на наличие рисков напряженности в межнациональных отношениях. В интернет-изданиях постоянно размещались публикации, в которых сообщалось об использовании этничности в политике, этноисторических травмах и о напряженности или конфликтах между различными этническими группами. Ивент-анализ позволил сделать вывод о преобладании в региональных общественно-политических процессах тенденции политизации этничности. В то же время, согласно результатам контент-анализа «надэтнических» средств массовой информации всех субъектов Российской Федерации, расположенных на территории СКФО, в северокавказском обществе имеется потенциал деполитизации этничности. Таким потенциалом является востребованная тематика модернизации экономики Северо-Кавказского макрорегиона на основе внедрения высокотехнологичного производства.
Obsesja porządku. Niemieccy architekci planują w okupowanej Polsce 1939–1945
Authors: Gutschow Niels
Published: December 2021

The author explores the activities of German spatial and urban planners, architects and interior designers as well as their “order obsession”, which was to be used in the Germanisation of the newly subjugated territories. He provides numerous examples of projects and realisations which have not been discussed before in the subject literature. He analyses the moral aspects of this ordering work and the active engagement in occupation policy and the Holocaust of those implementing it. He follows the fates of particular specialists during and after the war.
Usage of Digital D Chart Test as a Modification of Amsler Grid in Ophthalmology and Optometry
Authors: Bočková Magdaléna , Veselý Petr , Beneš Pavel
Published: December 2021

Aims: Metamorphopsia is important symptom of macular disease. The most common simple detection method of metamorphopsia is Amsler grid. Usually it is used monocularly with best correction for near. Patient should evaluate grid deformation and describe position of the deformity. This method is based on qualitative principle. For quantitative evaluation we can use Software D Chart (Thomson Software Solution). This instrument enables evaluate degree and position of the metamorphopsia in central visual field. Our goal was to establish M-score values in group of young healthy subjects without correction (M-score natural), with cylindrical spectacle lens (M-score SL) and in group of patients with age related degeneration (M-score ARMD).
Objects and Methods: We had 33 probands divided into 2 samples. The first sample contains 15 young probands with average age 23 years without any eye pathology. The second sample contains 18 patients with ARMD (7 with dry form and 11 with wet form). In our study we used software D Chart (Thomson Software Solution). This software was use in Acer PC with touchable screen. We note total M-score in right eye of all probands. Level for statistic evaluation was set on p = 0.05.
Results: Natural M-score values for young probands was: median 0, minimum 0, maximum 2.3. With cylindrical lens we got these values: median 25.2, minimum 3.6, maximum 41.6. In second sample with probands suffer from ARMD we got these values: median 0.8, minimum 0, maximum 29.4. Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used for statistical evaluation. We proved statistically significant difference between all variables. M-score natural vs. M-score SL showed p < 0.001, M-score natural vs. M-score ARMD showed p = 0.04 and M-score SL vs. M-score ARMD showed p < 0.001.
Conclusion: Our study showed statistically significant differences between variable M-score natural, M-score SL and M-score ARMD. We found that printed Amsler grid as well as its digital modification D Chart are suitable for determining metamorphopsia in central visual field. The main advantage of D Chart is quantitative evaluation of the test with M-score and digital registration of retinal changes during patient´s follow up.
Ocular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy – Case Report
Authors: Schreiberová Zuzana , Chrapek Oldřich , Šimičák Juraj
Published: December 2021

Pregnancy is associated with increased risk of progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the greatest risk of worsening occurs during the second trimester of pregnancy and persists as long as one year after the childbirth. The risk factors include duration of the diabetes, insufficient metabolic control, severity of DR at the time of conception and presence of coexisting vascular disease, such as arterial hypertension, and pregnancy itself. The recommendations for retinopathy screening in pregnancy vary significantly. A dilated fundus exam should be done in the beginning of pregnancy, the next follow-up throughout pregnancy depends on the severity of ocular findings. The cooperation of multi-disciplinary team consisting of ophthalmologist, obstetrition and endocrinologist is essential to provide the best health care.
The authors present a case report of a pregnant woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), who had a progression of DR and diabetic macular edema (DME) in both eyes during pregnancy. She has had DM for 24 years and has been treated with insulin. The patient was examined at the 23rd week of the second pregnancy (first pregnancy was terminated because of missed miscarriage). The diagnosis of advanced proliferative DR and advanced DME in both eyes was made so we performed panretinal laser photocoagulation of the retina of both eyes. Despite that the ocular findings got worse and we found vitreous haemorrhage in the left eye. We performed pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) of the left eye at the 28th week of pregnancy, nevertheless the DME got worse in both eyes, so we recommended to terminate the pregnancy at the 31st week because of the risk of loss of vision. The visual acuity of the left eye improved, but suddenly there was vitreous haemorrhage in the right eye after the delivery. We indicated PPV of the right eye, the outcome of the surgery was satisfying. We still take care about this patient.
Carotid-Cavernous Fistula from the Perspective of an Ophthalmologist. A Review
Authors: Čmelo Jozef
Published: December 2021

Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication - vascular connection between arteries and veins in the cavernous sinus. Classification according to etiology is traumatic vs spontaneous. According to blood flow rate per high flow vs low flow fistula. According to anatomy of direct vs indirect: Direct (direct) CCF arises through direct communication between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the cavernous sinus. Indirect CCF originates through indirect communication through the meningeal branches of ICA, external carotid artery and cavernous sinus (not directly with ICA) and Barrow type A, B, C, D division. Patient‘s subjective complaints depend on the type of CCF. Most often it is pulsating tinnitus, synchronous with blood pulse. Typical findings include protrusion and pulsation of the eyeball, corkscrew vessels - arterialization of conjunctival and episleral vessels, increased intraocular pressure, not responding to local antiglaucomatous therapy, keratopathy a lagophthalmo, corneal ulcers. In the later untreated stages of CCF, secondary, venous stasis or central retinal vein occlusion can occur. Diagnostic procedures include B-scan and color Doppler ultrasonography, digital ophthamodynamometry, computer tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance and digital subtraction angiography. CCF can simulate orbitopathy, conjunctivitis symptoms, carotid occlusion, scleritis or cavernous sinus thrombosis. The ophthalmologist should recognize and indicate the necessary examinations in a timely manner. The therapy is ophthalmological, neuroradiological, sterotactic, surgical and conservative.
Uveal Melanoma Biopsy. A Review
Authors: Rusňák Štěpán , Hecová Lenka , Kasl Zdeněk , Sobotová Markéta , Hauer Lukáš
Published: December 2021

In intraocular tumors, diagnosis is usually based on clinical examination and imaging without the need for invasive surgery or tissue sampling. The diagnosis can be confirmed by biopsy, however, in the case of intraocular malignancy, the biopsy is considered controversial. Due to the development of uveal melanoma cytogenetic prognostics and the progression in generalised uveal melanoma treatment, intraocular melanoma biopsy is becoming increasingly important. Diagnostic biopsy of intraocular tumors is indicated in cases of diagnostic uncertainty for findings with conflicting non-invasive test results and for small melanocyte lesions. Tumor prognostic biopsy is performed to obtain a tissue sample for tumor cytogenetic testing, which can help to determine the prognosis and specific metastatic risk of the patient.
For anterior segment tumors, anterior chamber fluid sampling, thin-needle iris biopsy, punch biopsy, surgical biopsy or biopsy using vitrectomy may be used. For posterior segment tumors, procedures include transscleral or transretinal thin-needle biopsy, vitrectomy-assisted biopsy, punch biopsy, endoresection or transscleral exoresection.
Complications of intraocular melanoma biopsy include too small or non-valuable sample collection, intra-tumoral heterogeneity, intra-ocular trauma and induction of intraocular or extraocular tumor dissemination.
Analysis of automated control systems of equipment for transportation of grain products on elevators
Authors:   State Biotechnological University, Timchuk S. , Kundenko P. ,   State Biotechnological University, Mardzyavko V. ,   State Biotechnological University
Published: December 2021

This article presents an analysis of the process of routing process lines in the elevator, which is carried out by an automated control system. The relevance of this topic is justified on the basis of the mismatch of elevator productivity to modern needs and volumes of grain products. As the organizational and functional structure of elevator complexes remains without significant changes, which directly affects the characteristics of the management of the technological process of transportation and as a consequence on the quality of grain products. And since the volumes and requirements will always only increase, the question arises in the increased efficiency of elevator processes under the same conditions, with possible changes that will result in modernization, optimization and improvement of the process itself without changing the technological layout of equipment. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze the methods of organization and management of technological routes of transportation at the elevator complex, to determine opportunities to improve its productivity. During the study of the control process and technological routes of the elevator complex, the structural control scheme and the algorithm for laying the route of grain movement at the specified coordinates were analyzed. According to the found shortcomings, one of the directions of increase and improvement of technological process on the elevator was defined, which consists in improvement of control algorithms towards optimization of technological processes of the elevator on many criteria which should improve not only operational indicators, but also qualitative indicators of production. What is the problem in optimizing the modes and structural parameters of control of the electromechanical complex of the elevator, by improving existing and developing new methods, software and hardware means of operational intervention in the modes of electromechanical equipment of the elevator to improve energy saving and product quality.
Analysis of the results of the influence of electric pulse treatment on purulent waste
Authors:   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Chmil А. , Oliinyk Y. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

High standards of sanitary and epidemiological safety at large pig-feeding complexes are one of the prerequisites for the production of high-quality pork. Livestock complexes are a source of accumulation of a large amount of manure runoff. Now there is a large tendency of environmental destruction and irreversible loss of natural resources due to pollution by waste from livestock enterprises. The use of new technologies for treating wastewater from food enterprises, industrial, livestock breeding is an urgent problem. The use of accelerated composting of the dewatered part of the effluent is one of the ways to increase the efficiency of using waste from pig farms. For this, scientists have developed a standard series of installations that ensure the conversion of waste into high-quality organic fertilizer, however, the issue of further use of the liquid part of the waste has not been fully worked out. That is why the use of the latest wastewater treatment technologies from industrial enterprises, food and agriculture is an urgent problem. One of the promising ways to improve treatment technologies for organic pollution is the use of cavitation phenomena and electrohydraulic shock in the aquatic environment. Analysis of existing wastewater treatment technologies shows that today environmentally friendly methods are being intensively developed, which are an alternative to chlorination and other chemicals. In recent years, the development and research of the operation of electro-pulse methods for disinfecting liquids, based on the creation of a high-voltage discharge in a liquid, the so-called electrohydraulic effect, have been actively pursued. Taking into account the long-term studies of the processes occurring during the electrohydraulic shock, the implementation of this method has not gone beyond the bench tests and is at the development stages. To study the effect of electrohydraulic treatment on chemical transformations of organic substances and disinfection, an experimental electric pulse installation has been developed. Waste waters of livestock complexes are characterized by organic and mineral pollution, they can have a different composition, which makes it impossible to determine the individual components of pollution. Therefore, it became necessary to find such indicators that would characterize certain properties of water without special identification of individual substances. To assess the efficiency of the electric pulse treatment of manure runoff, the BOD indicator was chosen - biological oxygen consumption and dry residue. Key words: slurry, pig feeding complex, electric pulse treatment, biological oxygen consumption
Movement of the particle on the surface of the conveyor belt, arbitrarily oriented in space
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Pylypaka S. , Nesvidomin A. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The movement of the material on the inclined belt of the conveyor takes place during transportation or its frictional cleaning. For an inclined moving plane (slide), the angle of its inclination to the horizontal plane is decisive. The absolute motion of a particle is the sum of two motions - the portable belt and the relative particle along the belt, so it is affected by the angle between the vectors of the greatest inclination of the plane and the transfer velocity of the plane (tape). The purpose of the study is to determine the motion of a material particle on the conveyor belt for the case when the angle between the vector of the line of greatest inclination of the conveyor plane and the direction of its transfer speed is arbitrary. To do this, the conveyor belt element was depicted as a rectangle with an axis of symmetry drawn along the direction of translational movement. In the initial position, the plane was placed horizontally, so the angle of greatest inclination is absent. In the future, the plane was given an arbitrary location in space due to alternate rotation around the sides bounding its compartment or around the axes of symmetry of the compartment, which is equivalent. The relative and absolute motions of the material particle along the moving web of the conveyor are considered for the case when the line of the greatest inclination of the web plane makes an arbitrary angle with the direction of the portable motion of the web. A system of differential equations of motion is compiled and solved. The obtained results are illustrated graphically. It is established that the nature of the relative motion of a particle on an inclined plane moving rectilinearly and uniformly depends on the direction of the vector of the line of the greatest inclination and the value of the angle of inclination of this plane. If the angle of inclination is less than the angle of friction, then the lateral feed of the particle will eventually stop either on the curved section of the trajectory or on a straight line that is parallel to the line of greatest inclination. The stopping place of the particle depends on the value of the initial velocity. At an angle of inclination of the plane equal to the angle of friction, the particle during the movement along the curved section of the trajectory reduces its initial velocity by half and then moves in a straight line and evenly. If the angle of inclination of the plane is greater than the angle of friction, the particle in relative motion along the curvilinear section of the trajectory first reduces the velocity, and when approaching a rectilinear section, its velocity increases and continues to increase on a rectilinear section of the trajectory. Key words: material particle, conveyor, inclined plane, plane inclination angle, particle velocity
Legal problems of digitalization of ecological accounting data
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Yuliia Krasnova
Published: December 2021

The article raises the question of the need to introduce into legal circulation the term «environmental accounting», which has existed in economics since the 70s of the twentieth century, and in environmental law - under the name «state accounting in the field of environment». As for domestic legislation, there is no unifying for many types of cadasters, registers, registers, reports, etc. information of ecological nature name. It is established that in the system of domestic legislation the legal regulation, within the outlined subject, is subject to cadasters of natural resources, the account of objects harmful to environment, the account of substances harmful to environment, and also factors of harmful influence on environment (chemical, physical, biological). Unfortunately, many of these credentials are closed, incomplete, or non-existent. At the same time, at the international and European level, these processes are developing rapidly and today there is a need to expand such data by including in the relevant accounting resources information and issued permits for the use of natural resources, payment of environmental fees, fines, environmentally friendly products, etc. Based on this, a proposal is made on the need to systematize domestic legislation on environmental accounting, by developing and adopting a special legal act that would meet international and European requirements in this area. There is also a proposal on the need to transform the provisions of Articles 23 and 24 of the Law of Ukraine «On Environmental Protection» by merging them and expanding the content, including all types of environmental accounting. It was found that Ukraine has already begun the process of adapting legislation on this issue, in particular, by setting requirements for digitization of all environmental data, i.e. the creation of a single environmental electronic platform, which today is only in its infancy. Keywords: ecological accounting, cadasters, registers, registers, digitalization, systematization of legislation
Problems of organizational and legal forms of management in the agricultural sector
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Tamara Novak , Svitlana Marchenko ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of some problems of organizational and legal forms of management in the agricultural sector. The main tendencies of development of organizational and legal forms of Ukraine in the aspect of deregulation of entrepreneurial activity and opening of the market of agricultural lands are determined. The role and significance, types, legislative and doctrinal approaches to determining the organizational and legal form of agricultural production are highlighted. On the basis of the analysis of legal literature, national legislation and practice of its application the problems of separate organizational and legal forms of conducting agricultural production (farms, collective agricultural enterprises, etc.) are analyzed. It is concluded that the principle of equality of ownership and management in agriculture is violated in Ukraine. Keywords: organizational and legal forms, business entities, agricultural production, agricultural sector, farms, collective agricultural enterprise
Legal aspects of the use of bioenergy in the European Union
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Svitlana Holub , Nataliia Shynkaruk ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The article explores the features of the legal regulation of bioenergy in the European Union, analyses the concepts of bioenergy and biofuels in Ukrainian and European legislation and highlights the main provisions of the European Union Directives, concerning the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, including biomass. In particular, bioenergy has been identified in the EU as the leading source of renewable energy for heating and cooling (88 per cent of all RES), representing 16 per cent of the total European final energy consumption in this sector. Consequently, in view of the demand for and the need to use such a resource, the EU legislative framework contains a number of principles (bases) and mandates for regulating the relationship in the area of manufacturing, handling and decontamination of waste biofuels as a primary feedstock for bioenergy. In particular, the fundamental principles of the EU bioenergy legislation are, first, the principle of sustainable production and consumption of biomass, and second, the prevention of reduction of negative impacts from the use of this resource, Third, increasing the share of alternative energy sources to 75 % of final energy consumption by 2050. Keywords: bioenergy, permanence, alternative energy sources, biofuels
Simplified claim proceedings: legislative regulations of the Code of Civil Procedure of Ukraine
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Oleksandr Svitlychnyy , V.V Sulim ,   Judge of the Northern Commercial Court of Appeal
Published: December 2021

In the process of building the rule of law, one of its most important criteria is the creation of a fair, transparent and efficient judiciary. The essential need for radical changes in the judiciary and the reform of its individual institutions is a matter of time. The main goal of judicial reform in Ukraine should be to create legislative and organizational conditions for the establishment of an independent, efficient and accountable judiciary in Ukraine, which will be trusted by society. Judicial and legal reform in Ukraine is comprehensive and involves amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine, legislation on the judiciary and the status of judges, reform of related institutions (prosecutor's office, bar, law enforcement agencies), as well as improving procedural legislation and legislation governing enforcement. court decisions. In particular, the article emphasizes that legislative changes have been made to the Commercial Procedural Code of Ukraine, initiated new forms of commercial litigation, one of the forms of commercial litigation is simplified litigation, which is designed to consider minor cases, cases of minor complexity and other cases for which priority is given. quick resolution of the case. Along with the simplified procedure and procedures for litigation, the introduction of this form of litigation has revealed certain shortcomings of such regulations. Keywords: commercial litigation, insignificant cases, legislation, shortcomings, procedure
Certain issues of legal regulation of animal insurance as a compulsory form of insurance
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Inna Horislavska
Published: December 2021

Agricultural insurance is a prerequisite for the existence of agriculture, especially for agricultural countries. The present time poses serious climatic, economic, and biological challenges to agricultural production. Insurance should become a tool that will help to balance the risks between all participants in agricultural insurance relations. Insurance should reduce the negative impact on agricultural production and living standards in the country. In the article on the basis of analysis of normative-legal acts, regulating the procedure of agricultural animals insurance the problematic issues are investigated and the ways of elimination of collisions in legal regulation of this type of insurance are offered. The problems of determining the list of animals subject to compulsory insurance are investigated and solutions are proposed. The question of legal expansion of the range of insurance risks for insurance contracts of animals in the framework of the Law of Ukraine «On peculiarities of insurance of agricultural products with state support» is analyzed. The proposed additions to the regulatory and legal acts in the field of insurance of breeding animals will lead to the harmonization of relevant legislation, as well as improve awareness of breeding animals for regulatory authorities, consumers of relevant products and insurers. Keywords: insurance, compulsory animal insurance, breeding animal insurance, insurance risk, insurance of agricultural products with state support
Selection achievement in animal husbandry as an object of intellectual property rights and international experience in its protection
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Inna Horislavska , Oleksii Piddubnyi ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Intellectual property rights are enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. A patent for an animal breed is the exclusive right of the inventor to his selection achievement, it is a legal monopoly provided by the state, and patent protection prevents commercial use without the consent of its owner. Today's challenges are directly related to food security. The practical application of breeding achievements in animal husbandry, in particular, is the genetic improvement of animals from the «economic side», which directly affects the level of investment and rewards for breeders, and thus the need for effective legal protection of intellectual property rights. Based on the analysis of normative legal acts regulating the procedure for obtaining legal protection of selection achievements in animal husbandry, the article examines problematic positions and suggests ways to resolve conflicts in the legal regulation of these issues. The methods of our study were chosen taking into account the purpose and objectives of the study. The study used philosophical, general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge. Keywords: object of intellectual property right, selection achievement, selection achievement in animal husbandry, protection of intellectual property right
Foreigners and persons without citizenship as subjects of administrative judiciary
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, A.I. Saadulaev
Published: December 2021

The right to go to court, including administrative, is one of the most important rights of citizens guaranteed by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. In addition to the general constitutional right to judicial protection, in particular, Art. 7 of the Law of Ukraine «On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges» of 02.06.2016 № 1402-VIII, guarantees everyone the protection of his rights, freedoms and interests within a reasonable time by an independent, impartial and fair court established by law. Foreigners, stateless persons and foreign legal entities have the right to judicial protection in Ukraine on an equal footing with citizens and legal entities of Ukraine. Access to justice for every person is ensured in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine and in the manner prescribed by the laws of Ukraine. However, along with the guaranteed right to apply to the court of foreigners, stateless persons (refugees, migrants, immigrants), such a category of subjects of administrative proceedings as apartheid remained outside the scope of domestic law. In order to eliminate the shortcomings of the legislative regulation of the legal status of apartheid in Ukraine, the author came to the conclusion that it is necessary to eliminate the existing shortcoming by amending the Law of Ukraine «On Legal Status of Foreigners and Stateless Persons» of 22.09.2011 № 3773-V. Keywords: legal status, foreigners, migrants, apartheid, justice, legislation
The issue of justification of application of the principle of self-determination of peoples by separatist formations in Ukraine
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyrylo Klymenko
Published: December 2021

The article provides an analysis of the possibility of separatist formations in Ukraine to refer to the principle of self-determination of peoples as a justification for their activities. The minimum necessary criteria of legal bases for self-determination are considered, among which: the existence of effective connection of the subject of self-determination with a certain territory; the existence of the subject itself, i.e., the people (ethnic group), which claims self-determination; and the recognition by the international community of such a potential entity as the bearer of the right to self-determination. Regarding the connection with the territory, the doctrine of international law and practice recognizes the right to cultural and national self-determination in a particular territory for any ethnic group. This right is limited to the common interests of all the people of the state, which consists in the unconditional preservation of the inviolability and integrity of its territory. As for the existence of the subject of self-determination, the people is recognized as the historical community of people formed in a certain area and have stable features of the language, culture, and mental composition (mentality), as well as aware of their unity and difference from others through conscious self-name. At the same time, diasporas and migrants must be subject to the laws of the country of residence under the right of citizenship or the right of permanent residence. As for the recognition of the subject of self-determination by the international community, it may recognize as the people those who are under colonial rule, occupation by a foreign state, or against whom a policy of racism is pursued. Thus, international law does not protect separatist movements aimed at secession if they do not meet these criteria. This means that separatist formations in Ukraine do not have the right to secession but are terrorist organizations in terms of their methods of activity. Keywords: people, international recognition, right to self-determination, secession, territory
Microbiota of Bronchial Tree in Children with Bronchial Asthma: today and 20 years ago
Authors:   South Ural State Medical University, Fedorov I.A. ,   Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Rybakova O.G. ,   South Ural State Medical University; Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Goreva E.A. ,   South Ural State Medical University; Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Study Objective: To analyze the microbiota of the lower respiratory tract in children with bronchial asthma, depending on the severity, period of the disease and inflammatory phenotype, as well as to compare the obtained data on the microbiota with the data obtained two decades ago. Study Design: The study is organized in a cross-sectional manner. Materials and Methods. The study involved 66 children with bronchial asthma aged 6 to 18 years old. All participants had their microbiota of the bronchial tree studied by bacteriological examination of induced sputum samples; in some children, the cytology of induced sputum was analyzed (n = 36). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.0. Intergroup differences in qualitative parameters were evaluated using χ2 and Fisher’s exact test. Statistically significant changes were are p < 0.05. Study Results. The predominant flora of the lower respiratory tract in children with bronchial asthma was Streptococcus spp. (66.7%), Staphylococcus spp. (33.3%) and Neisseria spp. (30.3%). There were no significant differences in the spectrum of the microflora of the bronchial tree depending on the period (exacerbation/remission) and the severity of the disease. When analysing the spectrum of the microbiota depending on the inflammatory phenotype, it was found that all sputum samples from patients with neutrophilic inflammatory phenotype were inoculated with Streptococcus spp., and in 25% of cases it was Streptococcus pneumonia. In patients with an eosinophilic inflammatory phenotype, most common was Staphylococcus spp. (75.0%), in particular Staphylococcus aureus (62.5%). When analysing the spectrum of microflora in a temporal aspect, it turned out that 20 years ago 41.2% of sputum samples did no demonstrate microflora growth. The growth of Streptococcus spp. and, in particular, Streptococcus pneumoniae, was significantly less frequent, Staphylococcus spp. were shown with the same frequency as now. Conclusion. The relationship between bronchial asthma and airway microbiota is complex and controversial. The revealed patterns show that the severity of bronchial asthma and the period of the disease do not affect the spectrum of microflora; however, statistically significant differences were found depending on the inflammatory phenotype. Since asthma phenotypes are immunological and physical-chemical characteristics of the mucous membrane of lower respiratory tract, this may be the reason for their selective impact of the microbial growth in respiratory tract, and on their biogeography, thus impacting the course and management of bronchial asthma. Keywords: bronchial asthma, respiratory tract microbiota, inflammatory phenotype, children.
Use of Omeprazole in Paediatric Patients in Russia
Authors:   Morozovskaya Children Clinical Hospital of Moscow Department of Public Health, Skvortsova T.A. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Knorring G.Yu. ,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry (a Federal Government-funded Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation, Kareva E.N. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Objective of the Review: To analyse clinical and pharmacological characteristics and normative documents in the use of modern proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in paediatric patients in the Russian Federation. Key Points. PPIs remain a widely used and efficient therapy of acid-related disorders in children; however, prescription should be based not only on clinical characteristics of a patient, but also on normative documents, e.g., instructions for the use of PPIs in paediatric population for certain indications approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, since healthcare providers are responsible for off-label prescriptions. Conclusion. Omeprazole is one of the most well-studied PPIs; it has good evidence base for the use in children; however, in Russia, most omeprazoles have contraindications in paediatric population. Omez is indicated for the management of gastroesophageal reflux and duodenal ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori in children. Keywords: acid-related disorders, children, paediatrics, proton pump inhibitors, Omeprazole.
Urine Microbial Landscape in Children with Urinary Tract Infections in Ryazan and Ryazan Region
Authors:   I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Belykh N.A. ,   Ryazan, Russian Federation, Tereschenko S.V. ,   City Clinical Hospital No.11; Ryazan, Russian Federation, Anikeeva N.A. ,   I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Ryazan, Russian Federation, Kantutis S.S. ,   I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ryazan, Russian Federation, Sadomskaya N.A. ,   City Clinical Hospital No.11; Ryazan, Russian Federation, Fokicheva N.N. ,   City Clinical Hospital No.11; Ryazan, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Study Objective: To study a spectrum of uropathogens and their sensitivity to antimicrobials in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children in Ryazan and Ryazan Region. Study Design: retrospective study. Materials and Methods. We conducted a retrospective local laboratory monitoring of urinary microflora and analysed its sensitivity to antimicrobials in 111 patients aged 2 months to 17 years old who were undergoing traditional UI therapy in 2020. The study group comprised 75 (67.6%) girls and 36 (32.4%) boys. Pathogen isolation and type identification were performed using urine specimens collected in sterile disposable plastic containers prior to antimicrobial therapy. Material was delivered for analysis within 2 hours from collection. For testing of pathogen sensitivity to antimicrobials, we used the phenotyping diffusion test and an analytical test for carbapenems inactivation. Study Results. Prevailing causative agents of UIs were Escherichia coli (50.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.4%). Resistance determinants were found in 9.0% and 2.7% of Е. соli and K. pneumoniae urological strains, respectively. The main mechanism of resistivity was production of wide spectrum plasmid β-lactamases. The highest activity in E. coli was demonstrated by generation III–IV cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fosfomicin (100%), nitrofurantoin (91.3%), and aminopenicillins (76.1–86.9%). For K. pneumoniae, generation III–IV cephalosporins and aminoglycosides were most potent (100%). All resistant pathogens were sensitive to cefoperazone sulbactam, meropenem, imipenem, aminoglycosides (100%); tigecycline, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomicin were most potent against E. coli. Conclusion. Children with UIs in Ryazan Region had mostly gram-negative bacteria in their urine (85.6%), Enterobacteralеs (81.1%) being a prevailing type. Antimicrobials resistance determinants were quite rare (17.8%) in these urine isolates; all of them were class A ЕSBL producers. These characteristic features of antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic enterobacteria strains allow using β-lactam antibiotics in empiric initial treatment and emphasising the need in patient-specific selection of antimicrobials. Keywords: antibacterial therapy, antibiotic resistance, children, urinary tract infections, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Modern Approaches to the Management of Obesity in Children: Novelties
Authors:   Surgut State University (a Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District–Yugra Government-funded Institution of Higher Education), Girsh Ya.V. ,   Surgut, Russian Federation, Verkhovykh E.V. ,   Surgut State University (a Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District–Yugra Government-funded Institution of Higher Education); Surgut, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Objective of the Review: To analyse scientific publications in non-drug and drug therapy of paediatric obesity. Key Points. The paramount challenge in obesity management is timely diagnosis of overweight by paediatricians and prompt initiation of efficient non-drug therapy. A tremendous advantage of the life style, nutrition and physical activity correction is their safety. Psychologist engagement boosts non-drug therapy efficiency. Where non-drug therapy is inefficient, medications can be prescribed to children over 12 years old in addition to lifestyle correction. Orlistat possesses an acceptable efficiency profile and is safe, but it is associated with a number of adverse reactions and does not modify the eating habits of the patient. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide product, has proven to be efficient in adolescents of 12 to 18 years old, including visceral adiposopathy management. An extended action with minor adverse enteric reactions makes Liraglutide a promising product for the management of adolescent obesity. Conclusion. Obesity management in children and adolescents is based on a set of non-drug measures possessing proven efficiency and safety. In Russia, Orlistat and Liraglutide are approved for the use in children. Metformin can be considered as an off-label medication. To prove the efficiency and safety of bariatric surgery, further studies are warranted. Keywords: obesity, children, non-drug therapy, drug therapy, Liraglutide.