bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SN2002es-LIKE SUPERNOVAE FROM DIFFERENT VIEWING ANGLES
Authors: Cao Yi , Kulkarni S. R. , Gal-Yam Avishay , Papadogiannakis S. , Nugent P. E. , Masci Frank J. , Bue Brian D.
Published: November 2016

In this article, we compare optical light curves of two SN2002es-like Type Ia supernovae (SNe), iPTF14atg and iPTF14dpk, from the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory. Although the two light curves resemble each other around and after maximum, they show distinct early-phase rise behavior in the r-band. On the one hand, iPTF14atg revealed a slow and steady rise that lasted for 22 days with a mean rise rate of 0.2–0.3 mag day–1, before it reached the R-band peak (−18.05 mag). On the other hand, iPTF14dpk rose rapidly to −17 mag within a day of discovery with a rise rate

, and then rose slowly to its peak (−18.19 mag) with a rise rate similar to iPTF14atg. The apparent total rise time of iPTF14dpk is therefore only 16 days. We show that emission from iPTF14atg before −17 days with respect to its maximum can be entirely attributed to radiation produced by collision between the SN and its companion star. Such emission is absent from iPTF14dpk probably because of an unfavored viewing angle, provided that SN2002es-like events arise from the same progenitor channel. We further show that an SN2002es-like SN may experience a dark phase after the explosion but before its radioactively powered light curve becomes visible. This dark phase may be lit by radiation from supernova–companion interaction.
MEASURING NEUTRON STAR RADII VIA PULSE PROFILE MODELING WITH NICER
Authors: Özel Feryal , Psaltis Dimitrios , Arzoumanian Zaven , Morsink Sharon , Bauböck Michi
Published: November 2016

The Neutron-star Interior Composition Explorer is an X-ray astrophysics payload that will be placed on the International Space Station. Its primary science goal is to measure with high accuracy the pulse profiles that arise from the non-uniform thermal surface emission of rotation-powered pulsars. Modeling general relativistic effects on the profiles will lead to measuring the radii of these neutron stars and to constraining their equation of state. Achieving this goal will depend, among other things, on accurate knowledge of the source, sky, and instrument backgrounds. We use here simple analytic estimates to quantify the level at which these backgrounds need to be known in order for the upcoming measurements to provide significant constraints on the properties of neutron stars. We show that, even in the minimal-information scenario, knowledge of the background at a few percent level for a background-to-source countrate ratio of 0.2 allows for a measurement of the neutron star compactness to better than 10% uncertainty for most of the parameter space. These constraints improve further when more realistic assumptions are made about the neutron star emission and spin, and when additional information about the source itself, such as its mass or distance, are incorporated.
COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS FROM GALAXY CLUSTERS IN THE 2500 SQUARE-DEGREE SPT-SZ SURVEY
Authors: Haan T. de , Benson B. A. , Bleem L. E. , Allen S. W. , Applegate D. E. , Ashby M. L. N. , Bautz M. , Bayliss M. , Bocquet S. , Brodwin M. , Carlstrom J. E. , Chang C. L. , Chiu I. , Cho H-M. , Clocchiatti A. , Crawford T. M. , Crites A. T. , Desai S. , Dietrich J. P. , Dobbs M. A. , Doucouliagos A. N. , Foley R. J. , Forman W. R. , Garmire G. P. , George E. M. , Gladders M. D. , Gonzalez A. H. , Gupta N. , Halverson N. W. , Hlavacek-Larrondo J. , Hoekstra H. , Holder G. P. , Holzapfel W. L. , Hou Z. , Hrubes J. D. , Huang N. , Jones C. , Keisler R. , Knox L. , Lee A. T. , Leitch E. M. , Linden A. von der , Luong-Van D. , Mantz A. , Marrone D. P. , McDonald M. , McMahon J. J. , Meyer S. S. , Mocanu L. M. , Mohr J. J. , Murray S. S. , Padin S. , Pryke C. , Rapetti D. , Reichardt C. L. , Rest A. , Ruel J. , Ruhl J. E. , Saliwanchik B. R. , Saro A. , Sayre J. T. , Schaffer K. K. , Schrabback T. , Shirokoff E. , Song J. , Spieler H. G. , Stalder B. , Stanford S. A. , Staniszewski Z. , Stark A. A. , Story K. T. , Stubbs C. W. , Vanderlinde K. , Vieira J. D. , Vikhlinin A. , Williamson R. , Zenteno A.
Published: November 2016

We present cosmological parameter constraints obtained from galaxy clusters identified by their Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect signature in the 2500 square-degree South Pole Telescope Sunyaev Zel’dovich (SPT-SZ) survey. We consider the 377 cluster candidates identified at

with a detection significance greater than five, corresponding to the 95% purity threshold for the survey. We compute constraints on cosmological models using the measured cluster abundance as a function of mass and redshift. We include additional constraints from multi-wavelength observations, including Chandra X-ray data for 82 clusters and a weak lensing-based prior on the normalization of the mass-observable scaling relations. Assuming a spatially flat ΛCDM cosmology, we combine the cluster data with a prior on H
0 and find

and

, with the parameter combination

. These results are in good agreement with constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from SPT, WMAP, and Planck, as well as with constraints from other cluster data sets. We also consider several extensions to ΛCDM, including models in which the equation of state of dark energy w, the species-summed neutrino mass, and/or the effective number of relativistic species (

) are free parameters. When combined with constraints from the Planck CMB, H
0, baryon acoustic oscillation, and SNe, adding the SPT cluster data improves the w constraint by 14%, to

.
THE NEXT GENERATION VIRGO CLUSTER SURVEY (NGVS). XXV. FIDUCIAL PANCHROMATIC COLORS OF VIRGO CORE GLOBULAR CLUSTERS AND THEIR COMPARISON TO MODEL PREDICTIONS
Authors: Powalka Mathieu , Lançon Ariane , Puzia Thomas H. , Peng Eric W. , Liu Chengze , Muñoz Roberto P. , Blakeslee John P. , Côté Patrick , Ferrarese Laura , Roediger Joel , Sánchez-Janssen Rúben , Zhang Hongxin , Durrell Patrick R. , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Duc Pierre-Alain , Guhathakurta Puragra , Gwyn S. D. J. , Hudelot Patrick , Mei Simona , Toloba Elisa
Published: November 2016

The central region of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies contains thousands of globular clusters (GCs), an order of magnitude more than the number of clusters found in the Local Group. Relics of early star formation epochs in the universe, these GCs also provide ideal targets to test our understanding of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of old stellar populations. Based on photometric data from the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) and its near-infrared counterpart NGVS-IR, we select a robust sample of

GCs with excellent photometry and tha span the full range of colors present in the Virgo core. The selection exploits the well-defined locus of GCs in the uiK diagram and the fact that the GCs are marginally resolved in the images. We show that the GCs define a narrow sequence in five-dimensional color space, with limited but real dispersion around the mean sequence. The comparison of these SEDs with the predictions of 11 widely used population synthesis models highlights differences between the models and also shows that no single model adequately matches the data in all colors. We discuss possible causes for some of these discrepancies. Forthcoming papers of this series will examine how best to estimate photometric metallicities in this context, and compare the Virgo GC colors with those in other environments.
ROCKY PLANETESIMAL FORMATION VIA FLUFFY AGGREGATES OF NANOGRAINS
Authors: Arakawa Sota , Nakamoto Taishi
Published: November 2016

Several pieces of evidence suggest that silicate grains in primitive meteorites are not interstellar grains but condensates formed in the early solar system. Moreover, the size distribution of matrix grains in chondrites implies that these condensates might be formed as nanometer-sized grains. Therefore, we propose a novel scenario for rocky planetesimal formation in which nanometer-sized silicate grains are produced by evaporation and recondensation events in early solar nebula, and rocky planetesimals are formed via aggregation of these nanograins. We reveal that silicate nanograins can grow into rocky planetesimals via direct aggregation without catastrophic fragmentation and serious radial drift, and our results provide a suitable condition for protoplanet formation in our solar system.
Don Quijote, humor y gestos
Authors: Bolens Guillemette
Published: November 2016

Este artículo trata del análisis kinésico, es decir de un método de análisis de los gestos y de los movimientos en la literatura. Propone desarrollar los medios de dar cuenta de un humor que proviene de las dinámicas corporales en interacción, tal y como se actualizan en la lectura de una obra literaria. Cuando las vivencias corporales se encuentran separadas por siglos y múltiples variaciones culturales, ¿cómo puede la literatura hacernos comprender y sentir las sensaciones dinámicas relatadas por los escritores hasta el punto de hacernos reír? Por encima de las brechas históricas innegables que nos obligan a una gran prudencia, ¿existen aspectos compartidos que nos permiten comprender las vivencias corporales de las que habla un escritor como Cervantes a través de los movimientos que describe en sus relatos? Este artículo trata de la cuestión específica del tono corporal integrado a perspectivas narratológicas y cognitivas.
Quantitative Semantic Analysis and Comprehension by Cognitive Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Yingxu , Valipour Mehrdad , Zatarain Omar A.
Published: November 2016

Knowledge learning is the sixth and the most fundamental category of machine learning mimicking the brain. It is recognized that the semantic space of machine knowledge is a hierarchical concept network (HCN), which can be rigorously represented by formal concepts in concept algebra and semantic algebra. This paper presents theories and algorithms of hierarchical concept classification by quantitative semantic analysis based on machine learning. Semantic equivalence between formal concepts is rigorously measured by an Algorithm of Concept Equivalence Analysis (ACEA). The semantic hierarchy among formal concepts is quantitatively determined by an Algorithm of Relational Semantic Classification (ARSC). Experiments applying Algorithms ACEA and ARSC on a set of formal concepts have been successfully conducted, which demonstrate a deep machine understanding of formal concepts and quantitative relations in the hierarchical semantic space by machine learning beyond human empirical perspectives.
Analogizing the Thinning Algorithm and Elicitation of Vascular Landmark in Retinal Images
Authors: J. Shiny Priyadarshini , Gladis D.
Published: November 2016

The retinal tissue is composed of network of blood vessels forming a unique biometric pattern. Feature extraction in retinal blood vessel is becoming an emerging trend in the field of personal identification. Because of its unique identity and less vulnerability to noise and distortion it has become one of the most secured biometric identities. The paper highlights the segmentation of blood vessel and the extraction of feature points such as termination and bifurcation points using Zhang Suen's thinning algorithm in retinal images. A comparison has been made and results are analyzed and tabulated between Zhang Suen and Morphological thinning. The count has been taken for both termination and bifurcation markings as spurious and non- spurious minutiae. The spurious minutiae are removed by using the crossing number method. The results clearly depict that the Zhang Suen's thinning algorithm gives better result when compared to morphological thinning.
Hemophilia in Sports: A Case Report and Prophylactic Protocol
Authors: Maffet Mark , Roton Jimmy
Published: November 2016

Objective: To describe a successful prophylactic protocol for managing an athlete with hemophilia playing at a high level of contact sports.

Background: Published data show that team physicians are not comfortable either treating athletes with bleeding disorders or allowing them to participate in contact sports. Much of the literature historically has recommended against allowing athletes with bleeding disorders to play sports at all and certainly against playing contact sports. Hemophilia treatment can now include prophylactic injections of recombinant factor VIII to prevent bleeding episodes. Modern treatments hold the promise of allowing athletes with hemophilia to participate in contact sports.

Differential Diagnosis: Mild, moderate, or severe hemophilia; von Willebrand disease; other factor deficiencies.

Treatment: A treatment protocol was developed that included prophylactic factor VIII injections on a regular basis and when the athlete was injured.

Uniqueness: This is the first published case report of an athlete with known hemophilia being successfully treated and participating in National Collegiate Athletic Association collegiate basketball for 2 full seasons.

Conclusions: Sports medicine teams can successfully manage an athlete with hemophilia playing a contact sport.
Pastoral care and healing in Africa: Towards an Adamic Christological practical theology imagination for pastoral healing
Authors: Magezi Vhumani , Magezi Christopher
Published: November 2016

This article argues that the challenge and need for relevant ministry models is critical for effective Christian ministry and pastoral ministry as practical life ministry. It establishes an Adamic Christological model as a paradigm that provides a practical effective ministerial approach in Africa, particularly within the context of pastoral care and healing. This framework reveals Christ’s complete identification with African Christians in their contextual sufferings as the New Adam without compromising authentic gospel reality. In employing the Adamic Christological framework as the anchor for African pastoral and healing ministry, a model for African Christians’ daily response to their various contextual sufferings is constructed. This responsive model bridges the gap between the ascension of Christ and the interim period of Christianity by instituting God’s ongoing personal presence in believers’ suffering through the Holy Spirit (pneumatology) as an encouraging and comforting reality that should enable Christians to cope in their suffering. It is argued that this Adamic Christological framework provides a practical theological model that contributes to healing and hope in pastoral care through practical knowing that impacts and imparts meaning in life.
Dancehall music and urban identities in Zimbabwe – A constructive postmodern perspective
Authors: Dube Zorodzai
Published: November 2016

Dancehall music may be seen as a commentary over the socio-political events that are unfolding in Zimbabwe since 2008, a period characterised by political and economic uncertainty. The study focuses on how this genre of music reflects identities that emerge from the context characterised by the disintegrating state institutions and fragile households. With such a context, dancehall music may be interpreted as offering hope and courage. Notably, the music carries a unique theological injunction where God is called upon to witness and offer strength, not to punish or change the status quo. I call this genre of music wilderness music to explain that the music provides spaces of hope and courage to fragile and less certain identities.
Towards Maturity in 1 Peter: Freedom, Holiness, Immortality
Authors: Decock Paul B.
Published: November 2016

Growth towards maturity is dependent on the presence of freedom, holiness and immortality. These are presented as divine qualities that are utterly lacking in human beings. However, while human beings are ignorant and weak, sinful and mortal the addressees of 1 Peter1 are reminded that they have also been begotten anew by the imperishable seed of God’s Word, the Good News of Jesus Christ in order to share immortal life. This article looks first at human beings who as God’s creatures are ‘flesh’, but are also enabled to acknowledge their ‘fleshly’ state, to appreciate (‘desire’ and ‘taste’) (2:2–3) the Gospel and to submit to God. The second part considers the saving role of Christ as the powerful yet rejected ‘stone’ placed and offered by God as the model and means to transcend the ‘flesh’ in the flesh (4:1–2). A final part focuses on the new birth and the growth process in which the fleshly desires and ways of living give way to a manner of life, which is a witness to God’s saving power.
Where is the bigger picture in the teaching and learning of mathematics?
Authors: Maoto Satsope , Masha Kwena , Maphutha Kgaladi
Published: November 2016

This article presents an interpretive analysis of three different mathematics teaching cases to establish where the bigger picture should lie in the teaching and learning of mathematics. We use pre-existing data collected through pre-observation and post-observation interviews and passive classroom observation undertaken by the third author in two different Grade 11 classes taught by two different teachers at one high school. Another set of data was collected through participant observation of the second author’s Year 2 University class. We analyse the presence or absence of the bigger picture, especially, in the teachers’ questioning strategies and their approach to content, guided by Tall’s framework of three worlds of mathematics, namely the ‘conceptual-embodied’ world, the ‘proceptual-symbolic’ world and the ‘axiomatic-formal’ world. Within this broad framework we acknowledge Pirie and Kieren’s notion of folding back towards the attainment of an axiomatic-formal world. We argue that the teaching and learning of mathematics should remain anchored in the bigger picture and, in that way, mathematics is meaningful, accessible, expandable and transferable.
Indian husbands’ support of their wives’ upward mobility in corporate South Africa: Wives’ perspectives
Authors: Ahmed Sumaiyah F. , Carrim Nasima M.H.
Published: November 2016

Orientation: Spousal support is a crucial area to explore, particularly due to the increased prevalence of dual-career couples in South Africa and the dynamics facing them.Research purpose: The main objective of this study was to explore Indian wives’ perceptions regarding the support they receive from their husbands and the impact that such support has on their career progression.Motivation for the study: The limited qualitative research available globally on the subject and the dearth of research that focuses on Indian professional females in the South African context motivated the study.Research design, approach and method: A qualitative research approach was followed, and the data were collected through in-depth, life-story interviews. Purposeful and snowball sampling methods yielded a sample of nine Indian female managers who were in dual-career marriages.Main findings: Spouses are essential sources of support for Indian professional women. The findings revealed that there are various marital and socio-cultural dynamics that impact on the spousal support received by these women, which ultimately influences their career advancement.Practical/managerial implications: The findings provided valuable information regarding the marital challenges that Indian women face in their career progression. The awareness of such dynamics can assist management in devising strategies to accommodate and retain the unique talent that Indian women have to offer.Contribution/value-add: The study contributes to the evolving body of knowledge on dual-career couples by focusing on an under-researched, but essential aspect of the dual-career arrangement.
Reflections on a missional ecclesiology for Africa's expressions of Christianity through the Tswana lens
Authors: Henry Desmond
Published: November 2016

The continent of Africa has indubitably shown exponential growth in the spread on the Christian faith since its introduction by colonial missionaries. It can thus be argued that a plurality of African Christianities thrive on African soil and are exported, through missionaries, to the developed world. This growth in Christian converts does not come without challenges to the future of the Church in Africa; these challenges abound and need to be articulated and worked through contextually and biblically.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article seeks to explore four missional challenges to African ecclesiology under a broad understanding of what can be termed a missional ecclesiology through utilising the Tswana world view as a case study. The article will challenge readers on the importance of continuity within the Christian faith in terms of a holistic biblical world view while touching on the overarching importance of contextualisation and Gospel adaptation. The article proposes a missional epistemological identity as opposed to a typical Western epistemological approach to mission work and contextualisation within the safeguards of an evangelical anchor. The interdisciplinary nature of this study is such that it deals with anthropological realities within a historical framework that impact in the traditional ways Christian practitioners approach the mission of God through his church in Africa specifically. The article challenges the comfortable and complicit attitudes related to the evident growth in Christian faith in Africa with the sobering reality of discernment in praxis and missional enterprise.
Un cas de compensation écologique dans le secteur minier : la réserve forestière Dékpa (Côte d'Ivoire) au secours des forêts et des populations locales
Authors: Vroh Bi Tra Aimé , Ouattara Djakalia , Tiebre Marie-Solange , Kpangui Kouassi , N'guessan Kouakou
Published: November 2016

After an environmental assessment about gold mine’s operation, a mining company agreed to create a safe area for biodiversity offsets: Dékpa Botanical Reserve. We describe various steps conducted in order to its creation. The objective was to assess the plant diversity of this site, its value for flora conservation, availability of plants for traditional uses in the locality. The study also shows the partnership between scientific, the mining company and local people. Meetings with mining company and local communities of the 5 closest reserve villages, permits to have approval and membership of chiefs’ customary, chiefdoms. They selected 30 young people to serve as community liaisons. These will help in achieving the other development phases of the reserve. Botanical surveys identified 358 species of which 30 are among those classified as rare, threatened or different levels of endemism. These are species such as Cola lorougnonis and Drypetes singroboensis considered as very rare in Ivorian flora. Interviews of local people show that 24% of species can be used in the treatment of various diseases, for food, crafts use or timber. The creation of the Dekpa reserve was the source of improvements for the community and scientific advances. The study suggests that development of reserve activities should consider needs of local people, as their traditional knowledge may be a factor in the preservation of species.

Après une étude d’impact environnemental, une société minière a accepté de créer sur son périmètre d’exploitation, une zone refuge pour la biodiversité : la Réserve Forestière Dékpa. Nous décrivons la première phase de son plan d’aménagement, consacrée à sa diversité végétale, sa valeur pour la conservation de la flore, sa disponibilité en espèces végétales à usages locaux et le rôle joué par les populations locales, la société minière, les chercheurs et la police forestière pour sa création. Des réunions avec les Responsables coutumiers ont permis d’obtenir leur approbation et adhésion. 30 Relais Communautaires ont été proposés et formés pour les autres activités. Le site est riche de 358 espèces dont 30 figurent parmi celles classées rares, menacées ou endémiques. Cola lorougnonis et Drypetes singroboensis sont deux des espèces rares, considérées localement comme en voie de disparition. 24 % peuvent être utilisés dans le traitement de diverses maladies, pour la consommation, l’artisanat ou comme bois d'œuvre. La création de la réserve connait des progrès au plan communautaire et scientifique. L’étude suggère que les activités d'aménagement de la réserve, devront tenir compte des besoins des populations locales car leurs connaissances traditionnelles peuvent être un facteur de conservation de certaines espèces et donc de la forêt.
Fifty by fifty feet house. Casa Ritter-Gey. Odiosas comparaciones
Authors: Díaz Segura Alfonso
Published: November 2016

La casa Ritter-Gey de Bearth&Deplazes en Eschen (Liechtenstein) es un ejemplo del rigor formal y constructivo propio de este equipo de arquitectos suizo. Pero lo que destaca fundamentalmente es su cercanía conceptual con la casa 50x50 de Mies van der Rohe y la puesta en crisis de aquella propuesta esencial cuando se da el salto a la realidad. Hay semejanzas obvias en las dos viviendas que nos hablan del control de la forma o del diálogo de los pilares con la membrana de vidrio. También las diferencias parecen claras, como el cambio de material o de volumen. Pero en lo esencial, ambas abordan asuntos intemporales, como la relación de la tecnología con la arquitectura, y el establecimiento de una forma universal capaz de asumir variaciones en el programa.
Casa Fosc. San Pedro, Chile
Authors: Mauricio Pezo, Sofi a von Ellrichshausen Arquitectos
Published: November 2016

Este proyecto es a la vez un ejercicio de concentración funcional y estructural. La distancia que queda entre un ducto regular interior y un ducto irregular exterior, cuya figura y superficie máxima está condicionada legalmente, se ocupa con las divisiones livianas que fueron necesarias para desplegar un extenso programa de una familia de cuatro hijos (cinco dormitorios, tres baños, estar familiar, estudio, etc.). Este programa se concentra en un prisma unitario de tres plantas que ocupa el punto más elevado del terreno de manera de superar visualmente la masa de árboles nativos que ocupan su zona baja. Los dormitorios están disgregados entre el primer y tercer piso. El piso intermedio, que funciona como un podio nivelado con el acceso natural al terreno, se ocupa con las actividades sociales y de reunión.
Arquitectura contemporánea en hormigón: Obras brasileñas
Authors: Junqueira Bastos Maria Alice
Published: November 2016

El uso de hormigón armado precede al diseño moderno en Brasil, pero se relacionó de tal forma con el concepto de “arquitectura moderna brasileña” que se convirtió casi en una metonimia: el material se convirtió en la arquitectura. Sea en las creaciones de la Escuela Carioca a partir de la estructura domino de Le Corbusier, en las losas de forma libre y cascarones de Oscar Niemeyer, en las líneas rectas y quebradas del hormigón visto del brutalismo paulista de los años 50, o en el plasticismo estructural de los años 1960 y 1970. Hormigón y modernidad parecían ser, para la historiografía de la arquitectura brasileña de los años 80, dos formas de una misma voluntad de afi rmar la unidad y continuidad en la arquitectura brasileña.
Galería Adriana Varejao en Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. Brasil
Authors: Rodrigo Cerviño López Arquitecto
Published: November 2016

Inhotim Centro de Arte Contemporáneo está situado en Burmadinho, una localidad cercana a Belo Horizonte, la capital del estado de Minas Gerais. El museo tiene un concepto arquitectónico inusual. En vez de contener todos las instalaciones en un único edifi cio, está compuesto por una variedad de pabellones dispersos en un parque de aproximadamente 35 hectáreas.

La Galería de Adriana Varejão fue encargada para albergar dos obras del artista adquiridas por el museo y expuestas en la Fundación Cartier: la escultura Linda do Rosário y el políptico Celacanto Provoca Maremoto. El proyecto ocupa una ladera con pendiente suave, parcialmente rodeada por un bosque autóctono; un área usada, en un principio, para almacenar contenedores.
Sede de Sebrae. Brasilia, DF. Brasil
Authors: Grupo SP Arquitectos
Published: November 2016

El enfoque adoptado para este proyecto responde al mismo tiempo a los condicionantes urbanísticos de Brasilia y al carácter de la arquitectura que se pretende para nueva sede de Sebrae Nacional. Lo que se propone no es un edificio, sino un conjunto arquitectónico con énfasis en la espacialidad interna, que busca la integración tanto de los usuarios como del paisaje construido y natural, con máxima flexibilidad para la organización de las oficias y preocupación por obtener el máximo desempeño ambiental y económico.
Plaza Dedé Caxias o Plaza turca en Juazeiro, Bahia. Brasil
Authors: Arquitectura SETE
Published: November 2016

Resumen no disponible
Sutiles distanciamientos de la experiencia
Authors: Anelli Renato
Published: November 2016

Los tres proyectos presentados aquí ofrecen un fuerte contraste con la producción de sus predecesores. Un distanciamiento generacional o una exploración de las posibilidades abiertas por los nuevos sistemas en la cadena de producción de la construcción civil, en la cual la oferta de diferentes sistemas constructivos permite variadas combinaciones en favor de una mejor realización o intención formal. Con programas completamente diferentes entre si, estos tres proyectos exploran y explicitan la heterogeneidad de sistemas y materiales, revelando un proceso constructivo que coordina diferentes oficios y especialidades, sin manifestar dificultades adicionales durante la construcción.
Herederos de la tradición moderna
Authors: Gnoato Salvador
Published: November 2016

Al fi nal de la década de 1980 Brasil reconstruye su democracia e inicia un nuevo proceso de desarrollo socio-económico y de integración internacional. En arquitectura, después de casi dos décadas de crisis, críticas e incluso de algunas tentativas postmodernas, vuelven a ser valoradas las obras y debates de la modernidad. Una nueva generación de arquitectos que sintonizan con el debate internacional reclaman en sus obras, su herencia frente a la tradición moderna brasileña. Esta generación de arquitectos utiliza el vocabulario de los maestros modernistas brasileños, con parsimonia en las elecciones de las soluciones formales, el rigor constructivo de estructuras en hormigón y acero, y usando más intensamente materiales industrializados.
Relative Importance of Black Carbon, Brown Carbon and
Absorption Enhancement from Clear Coatings in Biomass Burning
Emissions
Authors: Pokhrel Rudra P. , Beamesderfer Eric R. , Wagner Nick L. , Langridge Justin M. , Lack Daniel A. , Jayarathne Thilina , Stone Elizabeth A. , Stockwell Chelsea E. , Yokelson Robert J. , Murphy Shane M.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. A wide range of globally significant biomass fuels were burned during the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4). A multi-channel photoacoustic absorption spectrometer (PAS) measured dry absorption at 405, 532, and 660 nm and thermally denuded (250 °C) absorption at 405 and 660 nm. Absorption coefficients were broken into contributions from black carbon (BC), brown carbon (BrC) and lensing following three different methodologies, with one extreme being a method that assumes the thermal denuder effectively removes organics and the other extreme being a method based on the assumption that black carbon (BC) has an angstrom exponent of unity. The methodologies employed provide ranges of potential importance of BrC to absorption but, on average, there was a factor of 2 difference in the ratio of the fraction of absorption attributable to brown carbon estimated by the two methods. BrC absorption at shorter visible wavelengths is of equal or greater importance to that of BC with maximum contributions of up to 92 % of total aerosol absorption at 405 nm and up to 58 % of total absorption at 532 nm. Lensing is estimated to contribute a maximum of 30 % of total absorption, but typically contributes much less than this. Absorption enhancements and the estimated fraction of absorption from BrC show good correlation with the elemental to organic carbon ratio (EC/OC) of emitted aerosols and weaker correlation with the modified combustion efficiency (MCE). Previous studies have shown that brown carbon grows darker (larger imaginary refractive index) as the ratio of black to organic aerosol (OA) mass increases. This study is consistent with those findings but also demonstrates that the fraction of total absorption attributable to BrC shows the opposite trend: increasing as the organic fraction of aerosol emissions increases and the EC/OC ratio decreases.
Aerosol-landscape-cloud interaction: Signatures of topography effect on cloud droplet formation
Authors: Romakkaniemi Sami , Maalick Zubair , Hellsten Antti , Ruuskanen Antti , Väisänen Olli , Ahmad Irshad , Tonttila Juha , Mikkonen Santtu , Komppula Mika , Kühn Thomas
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Long-term in situ measurements of aerosol-cloud interactions are usually performed in measurement stations residing on hills, mountains, or high towers. In such conditions, the surface topography of the surrounding area can affect the measured cloud droplet distributions by increasing turbulence or causing orographic flows and thus the observations might not be representative for a larger scale. The objective of this work is to analyse, how the local topography affects the observations at Puijo measurement station, which is located in the 75 m high Puijo tower, which itself stands on a 150 m high hill. The analysis of the measurement data shows that the observed cloud droplet number concentration mainly depends on the CCN concentration. However, when the wind direction aligns with the direction of the steepest slope of the hill, a clear topography effect is observed. This finding was further analysed by simulating 3D flow fields around the station and by performing trajectory ensemble modelling of aerosol- and wind-dependent cloud droplet formation. The results showed that in typical conditions, with geostrophic winds of about 10 m s−1, the hill can cause updrafts of up to 1 m s−1 in the air parcels arriving at the station. This is enough to produce in-cloud supersaturations higher than typically found at the cloud base (SS of ~ 0.2 %), and thus additional cloud droplets may form inside the cloud. In the observations, this is seen in the form of a bi-modal cloud droplet size distribution. The effect is strongest with high winds across the steepest slope of the hill and with low liquid water contents, and its relative importance quickly decreases as these conditions are relaxed. We therefore conclude that, after careful screening for wind speed and liquid water content, the observations at Puijo measurement station can be considered representative for clouds in a boreal environment.
Case study of wave breaking with high-resolution turbulence measurements with LITOS and WRF simulations
Authors: Schneider Andreas , Wagner Johannes , Faber Jens , Gerding Michael , Lübken Franz-Josef
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Measurements of turbulent energy dissipation rates obtained from wind fluctuations observed with the balloon-borne instrument LITOS (Leibniz-Institute Turbulence Observations in the Stratosphere) are combined with simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to study the breakdown of waves into turbulence. Four flights from Kiruna (68° N, 21° E) and from Kühlungsborn (54° N, 12° E) are analysed. Average dissipation rates are in the order of 1 mW kg−1 (~ 0.1 K d−1) with typically higher rates in the stratosphere compared to the troposphere. During two flights energy dissipation rates strongly decreased above the tropopause. One of these cases featured a patch with highly increased dissipation directly below the tropopause collocated with shear generation and wave filtering conditions. The second case showed nearly no turbulence at all above 15 km. For the other two flights, dissipation rates increased continuously across the whole ascent. For all flights, observed energy dissipation rates are related to wave patterns visible in the modelled vertical winds. Particularly, the drop in turbulent fraction for two of the flights mentioned above coincides with a drop in amplitude in the wave patterns visible in WRF. For other flights both dissipation rates and wave amplitudes show continuous distributions with height. This indicates small-scale partial wave breaking.
Performance of site-specific parameterizations of longwave radiation
Authors: Formetta Giuseppe , Bancheri Marialaura , David Olaf , Rigon Riccardo
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In this work 10 algorithms for estimating downwelling longwave atmospheric radiation (L↓) and 1 for upwelling longwave radiation (L↑) are integrated into the JGrass-NewAge modelling system. The algorithms are tested against energy flux measurements available for 24 sites in North America to assess their reliability. These new JGrass-NewAge model components are used (i) to evaluate the performances of simplified models (SMs) of L↓, as presented in literature formulations, and (ii) to determine by automatic calibration the site-specific parameter sets for L↓ in SMs. For locations where calibration is not possible because of a lack of measured data, we perform a multiple regression using on-site variables, i.e. mean annual air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and altitude. The regressions are verified through a leave-one-out cross validation, which also gathers information about the possible errors of estimation. Most of the SMs, when executed with parameters derived from the multiple regressions, give enhanced performances compared to the corresponding literature formulation. A sensitivity analysis is carried out for each SM to understand how small variations of a given parameter influence SM performance. Regarding the L↓ simulations, the Brunt (1932) and Idso (1981) SMs, in their literature formulations, provide the best performances in many of the sites. The site-specific parameter calibration improves SM performances compared to their literature formulations. Specifically, the root mean square error (RMSE) is almost halved and the Kling–Gupta efficiency is improved at all sites. Also in this case, Brunt (1932) and Idso (1981) SMs provided the best performances. The L↑ SM is tested by using three different temperatures (surface soil temperature, air temperature at 2 m elevation, and soil temperature at 4 cm depth) and model performances are then assessed. Results show that the best performances are achieved using the surface soil temperature and the air temperature.
Flood modeling can make a difference: Disaster risk-reduction and resilience-building in urban areas
Authors: Ramirez Jorge A. , Rajasekar Umamaheshwaran , Patel Dhruvesh P. , Coulthard Tom J. , Keiler Margreth
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Surat, India is a coastal city with a population of approximately 4.5 million people that lies on the banks of the river Tapi and is located 100 km downstream from the Ukai dam. Given Surat's geographic location the city is repeatedly exposed to flooding caused by large emergency dam releases into the Tapi river combined with high tide water levels. Flood events of this type occur twice a decade, but their frequency and magnitude may increase due to the urbanization, encroachment in flood plain and climate change. A first step towards strengthening resilience in Surat requires a robust method for mapping flood exposure at fine spatial resolution. Here, in this study we have developed such a method for Surat using a reduced-complexity hydrodynamic model to simulate flooding, but is easily transferable to other urban locations. Our method features three distinct phases that involve: (1) modelling dam release discharge from the Ukai dam arriving at Surat, (2) modelling flooding within Surat caused by the combination of dam release and tides, and, (3) identifying Surat critical infrastructure, population, and income groups exposed to flooding. Our flood model of Surat utilizes topography produced using elevation data collected from an extensive survey. Within the city we have modelled flood scenarios that represent the uncertainty in flood peak discharge and duration resulting from possible climate change. These scenarios include catastrophic conditions that flood 50 % of the city and expose > 60 % of the population and critical infrastructure to deep flooding. Finally, we highlight how our modelling has contributed to changes in flood risk management within the city following a major flood and resulted in actions that have increased community resilience to flood hazard.
Two different microbial communities did not cause differences in occlusion of particulate organic matter in a sandy agricultural soil
Authors: Büks Frederick , Rebensburg Philip , Lentzsch Peter , Kaupenjohann Martin
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Apart from physico-chemical interactions between soil components, microbial life is assumed to be an important factor of soil structure forming processes. Bacterial exudates, the entanglement by fungal hypae and bacterial pseudomycelia as well as fungal glomalin are supposed to provide the occlusion of particulate organic matter (POM) through aggregation of soil particles. This work investigates the resilience of POM occlusion in face of different microbial communities under controlled environmental conditions. We hypothesized that the formation of different communities would cause different grades of POM occlusion. For this purpose samples of a sterile sandy agricultural soil were incubated for 76 days in bioreactors. Particles of pyrochar from pine wood were added as POM analogue. One variant was inoculated with a native soil extract, whereas the control was infected by airborne microbes. A second control soil remained non-incubated. During the incubation, soil samples were taken for taxon-specific qPCR to determine the abundance of Eubacteria, Fungi, Archaea, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, α-Proteobacteria and β-Proteobacteria. After the incubation soil aggregates (100–2000 μm) were collected by sieving and disaggregated using ultrasound to subject the released POM to an analysis of organic carbon (OC). Our results show, that the eubacterial DNA of both incubated variants reached a similar concentration after 51 days. However, the structural composition of the two communities was completely different. The soil-born variant was dominated by Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and an additional fungal population, whereas the air-born variant mainly contained β-Proteobacteria. Both variants showed a strong occlusion of POM into aggregates during the incubation. Yet, despite the different population structure, there were only marginal differences in the release of POM along with the successive destruction of soil aggregates by ultrasonication. This leads to the tentative assumption that POM occlusion in agricultural soils could be resilient in face of changing microbial communities.
Academic Misconduct: An Investigation into Male Students’ Perceptions, Experiences & Attitudes towards Cheating and Plagiarism in a Middle Eastern University Context
Authors: Tayan Bilal M.
Published: November 2016

Academic misconduct in many educational institutions in the Middle East is an inherent problem. This has been particularly true amongst the university student population. The proliferation of the Internet and the ownership of mobile and electronic devices, have, in part, witnessed rates of cheating, plagiarism and academic misconduct cases steadily increase across higher education contexts. Though the growth of the Internet as an information source and gateway to knowledge has increased substantially in recent years, it has, however, opened up a plethora of varying forms and rates of academic dishonesty. This study was conducted through an online Likert scale questionnaire. Its purpose was to investigate first year male undergraduate students’ attitudes, experiences and perceptions towards plagiarism and cheating in a university located in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed at addressing themes in relation to the meaning, forms, source, frequency and reasons of cheating and plagiarism. The study indicates that cheating and plagiarism is common among students, while a need to address student awareness and clarify student expectations towards academic integrity was also identified. The study also proposes several recommendations to alleviate the levels of academic misconduct, be it cheating in exams or plagiarising content, in the Saudi university context.
Novel Process Approach for in-situ Insertion of Functional Elements in RTM-Applications
Authors: Bobbert Mathias , Augethaler Florian , Wang Zheng , Troster Thomas , Meschut Gerson
Published: November 2016

Lightweight design in vehicles leads to an increasing use of fibre-reinforced-plastics (FRP). To ensure the possibility of detachable joints in those constructions specific joining technologies have to be developed. Available technologies are not suitable for mass production or are leading to damage in the FRP. The aim of this paper is to show the possibilities and the general feasibility of a new process approach for the application of functional elements in FRP or hybrid materials during resin transfer moulding (RTM) processes. Therefore the movement of the RTM-tool-punch is utilised to produce an interlock between the splay stud and the fibres of the non-consolidated preform. This enables the application of the elements during the RTM-process. The resin infusion leads to the consolidation of the CFRP and a further fixation of the splay stud. Pull-out-tests as well as torsion tests are showing the mechanical performance of the joints.
Develop a Comprehensive System for Prioritizing Employment Risk with the Use of Multi-Criteria Decision making approach (Technique Analytical Hierarchy Process)
Authors: Pouresfandyani Homa , Najiazarpour Sara
Published: November 2016

This study has tried to detailed quantitative risk assessment methods and techniques Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) experts extracting, classifying and structuring them in addition to showing how to use techniques such as multi-criteria decision making technique AHP development a comprehensive system for prioritizing risk job of great importance. The output of this research as a decision support system in addition to the ease with which managers make decisions about the accuracy of decisions, it is recommended they are assured of multiple criteria decision making use of techniques to managers in the risk management process macro projects and organizations, to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of corrective actions, control and prevention strategies to reduce and control risks in the workplace and promising career cut irreparable effects for the organization and what they do for the community.
Labor Use and Profitability Associated with Pasture Systems in Grass-Fed Beef Production
Authors: Bhandari Basu , Gillespie Jeffrey , Scaglia Guillermo
Published: November 2016

Three pasture systems for grass-fed beef that are representative of those used in the U.S. Gulf Coast region are compared by labor use and profitability. In addition to means comparisons, stochastic efficiency with respect to a function analysis allows us to incorporate the role of risk preference in determining the most preferred production system. Five years of experimental data from the Iberia Research Station in Louisiana are used to develop revenue, expense, and labor use estimates for the three systems. Results suggest that, with or without including charges for labor, the most profitable system is the least complex bermudagrass-ryegrass system. If labor is included, a medium-complexity forage system becomes preferred for more risk averse farmers. The most complex forage system might become competitive if a carbon market were developed and/or farmers were able to realize higher grass-fed beef prices on the basis of product quality.