bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification, mapping, and chemical control of fleabane resistant to glyphosate, chlorimuron, paraquat, and 2,4-D
Authors: Lorenzetti Juliano Bortoluzzi , Danilussi Maikon Tiago Yamada , Albrecht Alfredo Junior Paiola , Barroso Arthur Arrobas Martins , Albrecht Leandro Paiola , Silva André Felipe Moreira , Santos Guilherme Rossano dos , Caneppele Giuzeppe Augusto Maram
Published: February 2024

Monitoring herbicide-resistant weeds makes it possible to study the evolution and spread of resistance, which provides important information for their management. The objective of this study was to map fleabane accessions in the states of Paraná (PR) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, to identify herbicide-resistant accessions and their response to soybean preplant chemical burndown management strategies. Fleabane seeds were collected in agricultural areas in PR and MS in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Initial screening was performed for glyphosate, chlorimuron, paraquat, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, and glufosinate efficacy. Subsequently, dose-response experiments were conducted. Field experiments were carried out in three locations, where accessions of multiple herbicide–resistant Sumatran fleabane were identified. Herbicides were used in single or sequential applications at three plant heights (<5 cm, 5 to 10 cm, and >10 cm). After preliminary screening, accessions were classified as putative resistant (<80% control for all four replicates), segregated (<80% control for one to three replicates), or susceptible (>80% control for all four replicates). There was no evidence of resistance to glufosinate or saflufenacil in any of the 461 accessions, while 65 demonstrated possible resistance or segregation to glyphosate only, 235 to glyphosate + chlorimuron, 79 to glyphosate + chlorimuron + paraquat, 59 to glyphosate + chlorimuron + 2,4-D, and 23 with four-way resistance (glyphosate, chlorimuron, paraquat, and 2,4-D). Of these 23 accessions, seven were analyzed using dose-response curves (F2 generation), all from PR, confirming four-way resistance to glyphosate, chlorimuron, paraquat, and 2,4-D. To control resistant Sumatran fleabane, an application should prioritize smaller plants. Despite resistance to 2,4-D, double mixtures containing this herbicide were among the most effective treatments in plants <5 cm in height. If a sequential application is needed for plants >5 cm in height, we recommend glyphosate + synthetic auxin followed by glufosinate or glyphosate + saflufenacil.
Urban Nature Is Often Plentiful but Inaccessible
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: February 2024

A novel research framework deepens understanding of urban nature accessibility and highlights progress toward green space goals.
Flawed Emergency Intervention: Slow Ocean Response to Abrupt Stratospheric Aerosol Injection
Authors: Pflüger Daniel , Wieners Claudia E. , van Kampenhout Leo , Wijngaard René R. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: February 2024

Given the possibility of irreversible, anthropogenic changes in the climate system, technologies such as solar radiation management (SRM) are sometimes framed as possible emergency interventions. However, little knowledge exists on the efficacy of such deployments. To fill in this gap, we perform Community Earth System Model 2 simulations of an intense warming scenario on which we impose gradual early‐century SRM or rapid late‐century cooling (an emergency intervention), both realized via stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). While both scenarios cool Earth's surface, ocean responses differ drastically. Rapid cooling fails to release deep ocean heat content or restore an ailing North Atlantic deep convection but partially stabilizes the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. In contrast, the early intervention effectively mitigates changes in all of these features. Our results suggest that slow ocean timescales impair the efficacy of some SAI emergency interventions.
Auroral Characteristics Related to AU&AL Indices
Authors: Wu Chen , Ridley Aaron J.
Published: February 2024

Auroral images of the N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield emissions from Polar Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) for 1.5 years are used to investigate the auroral characteristics related to the AU and AL indices that represent the directly driven and unloading processes in the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling, respectively. Findings include: (a) Growing AL mainly relates to the nightside aurora and tends to keep the general auroral morphology. (b) As AU increases, the aurora brightens and expands more globally, especially in the midnight to postmidnight sector. (c) The regional auroral power (AP), equatorward boundary, poleward boundary, and peak intensity change quasi‐linearly with intensifying AU and AL. (d) The rates of change depend on the MLT and AU/AL levels. The same dataset has been used to construct the empirical Feature Tracking of Auroral Precipitation (FTA) model which specifies the global energy flux and mean energy determined by the AE index (FTA‐AE). As an extension of FTA‐AE, the relationships of the auroral emission with the AU&AL indices were derived to construct the FTA‐AU&AL model which specifies a more consistent aurora during different magnetospheric driving modes compared to FTA‐AE. Comparisons of AP from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imagers (SSUSI) measurements and empirical auroral models show that the FTA‐AE and ‐AU&AL models predicted larger AP than the Fuller‐Rowell and Evans (1987) model and the OVATION‐prime model did. As the activity level increased, all four models tended to underestimate the AP but the FTA APs increased relatively faster and were therefore more consistent with the data.
Seasonal Modulation of Crustal Seismicity in Northeastern Japan Driven by Snow Load
Authors: Ueda Taku , Kato Aitaro , Johnson Christopher W. , Terakawa Toshiko
Published: February 2024

Numerous studies have reported that surface hydrological loading can seasonally modulate seismicity rates at crustal depths. For example, substantial winter snow accumulation occurs across the Japanese Islands, and these snowy regions appear to have seasonally modulated the occurrence of previous large inland earthquakes. Therefore, it is important to investigate the impact of seasonal stress changes on crustal seismicity to deepen our understanding of earthquake generation. Here we constrain seasonal changes in the surface load across northeastern Japan using Global Navigation Satellite System surface displacements and evaluate the potential relationship between temporal trends in inland seismicity and estimated seasonal stress changes. The spatial distribution of the seasonal surface load is consistent with snow depth along the Sea of Japan. The inland seismicity beneath northeastern Japan is modestly modulated by the seasonal stress changes that are induced by the annual snow load. However, this seasonal response is weaker than that in other regions. This weak modulation may be due to the small surface‐load‐induced stress perturbation relative to the long‐term‐averaged stressing rate and/or the limited presence of crustal fluids to trigger seismicity in Japan.
A Mechanistic Model and Experiments on Bedrock Incision and Channelization by Rockfall
Authors: Beer A. R. , Fischer J. N. , Ulizio T. P. , Ma Z. , Sun Z. , Lamb M. P.
Published: February 2024

Rockfall and rock avalanches are common in steep terrain on Earth and potentially on other planetary bodies such as the Moon and Mars. Since impacting rocks can damage exposed bedrock as they roll and bounce downhill, rockfall might be an important erosive agent in steep landscapes, even in the absence of water. We developed a new theory for rockfall‐driven bedrock abrasion using the ballistic trajectories of rocks transported under gravity. We calibrated this theory using laboratory experiments of rockfall over an inclined bedrock simulant. Both the experiments and the model demonstrate that bedrock hillslopes can be abraded by dry rockfall, even at gradients below the angle of repose, depending on the bedrock roughness. Feedback between abrasion and topographic steering of rockfall can produce channel‐like forms, such as bedrock chutes, in the absence of water. Particle size has a dominant influence on abrasion rates and runout distances, while the hillslope angle has a comparatively minor influence. Rockfall transport is sensitive to bedrock roughness; terrain with high friction angles can trap rocks creating patches of rock cover that affect subsequent rockfall pathways. Our results suggest that dry rockfall can play an important role in eroding and channelizing steep, rocky terrain on Earth and other planets, such as crater degradation on the Moon and Mars.
A metagenomic catalog of the early-life human gut virome
Authors: Zeng Shuqin , Almeida Alexandre , Li Shiping , Ying Junjie , Wang Hua , Qu Yi , Paul Ross R. , Stanton Catherine , Zhou Zhemin , Niu Xiaoyu , Mu Dezhi , Wang Shaopu
Published: February 2024

Early-life human gut microbiome is a pivotal driver of gut homeostasis and infant health. However, the viral component (known as “virome”) remains mostly unexplored. Here, we establish the Early-Life Gut Virome (ELGV), a catalog of 160,478 non-redundant DNA and RNA viral sequences from 8130 gut virus-like particles (VLPs) enriched or bulk metagenomes in the first three years of life. By clustering, 82,141 viral species are identified, 68.3% of which are absent in existing databases built mainly from adults, and 64 and 8 viral species based on VLPs-enriched and bulk metagenomes, respectively, exhibit potentials as biomarkers to distinguish infants from adults. With the largest longitudinal population of infants profiled by either VLPs-enriched or bulk metagenomic sequencing, we track the inherent instability and temporal development of the early-life human gut virome, and identify differential viruses associated with multiple clinical factors. The mother-infant shared virome and interactions between gut virome and bacteriome early in life are further expanded. Together, the ELGV catalog provides the most comprehensive and complete metagenomic blueprint of the early-life human gut virome, facilitating the discovery of pediatric disease-virome associations in future.
Gamma oscillatory complexity conveys behavioral information in hippocampal networks
Authors: Douchamps Vincent , di Volo Matteo , Torcini Alessandro , Battaglia Demian , Goutagny Romain
Published: February 2024

The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex exhibit rich oscillatory patterns critical for cognitive functions. In the hippocampal region CA1, specific gamma-frequency oscillations, timed at different phases of the ongoing theta rhythm, are hypothesized to facilitate the integration of information from varied sources and contribute to distinct cognitive processes. Here, we show that gamma elements -a multidimensional characterization of transient gamma oscillatory episodes- occur at any frequency or phase relative to the ongoing theta rhythm across all CA1 layers in male mice. Despite their low power and stochastic-like nature, individual gamma elements still carry behavior-related information and computational modeling suggests that they reflect neuronal firing. Our findings challenge the idea of rigid gamma sub-bands, showing that behavior shapes ensembles of irregular gamma elements that evolve with learning and depend on hippocampal layers. Widespread gamma diversity, beyond randomness, may thus reflect complexity, likely functional but invisible to classic average-based analyses.
Magnetically driven capsules with multimodal response and multifunctionality for biomedical applications
Authors: Sun Yuxuan , Zhang Wang , Gu Junnan , Xia Liangyu , Cao Yinghao , Zhu Xinhui , Wen Hao , Ouyang Shaowei , Liu Ruiqi , Li Jialong , Jiang Zhenxing , Cheng Denglong , Lv Yiliang , Han Xiaotao , Qiu Wu , Cai Kailin , Song Enmin , Cao Quanliang , Li Liang
Published: February 2024

Untethered capsules hold clinical potential for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Although considerable progress has been achieved recently in this field, the constraints imposed by the narrow spatial structure of the capsule and complex gastrointestinal tract environment cause many open-ended problems, such as poor active motion and limited medical functions. In this work, we describe the development of small-scale magnetically driven capsules with a distinct magnetic soft valve made of dual-layer ferromagnetic soft composite films. A core technological advancement achieved is the flexible opening and closing of the magnetic soft valve by using the competitive interactions between magnetic gradient force and magnetic torque, laying the foundation for the functional integration of both drug release and sampling. Meanwhile, we propose a magnetic actuation strategy based on multi-frequency response control and demonstrate that it can achieve effective decoupled regulation of the capsule’s global motion and local responses. Finally, through a comprehensive approach encompassing ideal models, animal ex vivo models, and in vivo assessment, we demonstrate the versatility of the developed magnetic capsules and their multiple potential applications in the biomedical field, such as targeted drug delivery and sampling, selective dual-drug release, and light/thermal-assisted therapy.
Mesoporous nanoperforators as membranolytic agents via nano- and molecular-scale multi-patterning
Authors: Yang Yannan , Chen Shiwei , Zhang Min , Shi Yiru , Luo Jiangqi , Huang Yiming , Gu Zhengying , Hu Wenli , Zhang Ye , He Xiao , Yu Chengzhong
Published: February 2024

Plasma membrane lysis is an effective anticancer strategy, which mostly relying on soluble molecular membranolytic agents. However, nanomaterial-based membranolytic agents has been largely unexplored. Herein, we introduce a mesoporous membranolytic nanoperforators (MLNPs) via a nano- and molecular-scale multi-patterning strategy, featuring a spiky surface topography (nanoscale patterning) and molecular-level periodicity in the spikes with a benzene-bridged organosilica composition (molecular-scale patterning), which cooperatively endow an intrinsic membranolytic activity. Computational modelling reveals a nanospike-mediated multivalent perforation behaviour, i.e., multiple spikes induce nonlinearly enlarged membrane pores compared to a single spike, and that benzene groups aligned parallelly to a phospholipid molecule show considerably higher binding energy than other alignments, underpinning the importance of molecular ordering in phospholipid extraction for membranolysis. Finally, the antitumour activity of MLNPs is demonstrated in female Balb/c mouse models. This work demonstrates assembly of organosilica based bioactive nanostructures, enabling new understandings on nano-/molecular patterns co-governed nano-bio interaction.
Dimethyl sulfate and diisopropyl sulfate as practical and versatile O-sulfation reagents
Authors: Yue Shuaishuai , Ding Guoping , Zheng Ye , Song Chunlan , Xu Peng , Yu Biao , Li Jiakun
Published: February 2024

O-Sulfation is a vital post-translational modification in bioactive molecules, yet there are significant challenges with their synthesis. Dialkyl sulfates, such as dimethyl sulfate and diisopropyl sulfate are commonly used as alkylation agents in alkaline conditions, and result in the formation of sulfate byproducts. We report herein a general and robust approach to O-sulfation by harnessing the tunable reactivity of dimethyl sulfate or diisopropyl sulfate under tetrabutylammonium bisulfate activation. The versatility of this O-sulfation protocol is interrogated with a diverse range of alcohols, phenols and N-OH compounds, including carbohydrates, amino acids and natural products. The enhanced electrophilicity of the sulfur atom in dialkyl sulfates, facilitated by the interaction with bisulfate anion (HSO4-), accounts for this pioneering chemical reactivity. We envision that our method will be useful for application in the comprehension of biological functions and discovery of drugs.
Crystallization of piezoceramic films on glass via flash lamp annealing
Authors: Song Longfei , Cardoletti Juliette , Martínez Alfredo Blázquez , Benčan Andreja , Kmet Brigita , Girod Stéphanie , Defay Emmanuel , Glinšek Sebastjan
Published: February 2024

Integration of thin-film oxide piezoelectrics on glass is imperative for the next generation of transparent electronics to attain sensing and actuating functions. However, their crystallization temperature (above 650 °C) is incompatible with most glasses. We developed a flash lamp process for the growth of piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate films. The process enables crystallization on various types of glasses in a few seconds only. The functional properties of these films are comparable to the films processed with standard rapid thermal annealing at 700 °C. A surface haptic device was fabricated with a 1 μm-thick film (piezoelectric e33,f of −5 C m−2). Its ultrasonic surface deflection reached 1.5 μm at 60 V, sufficient for its use in surface rendering applications. This flash lamp annealing process is compatible with large glass sheets and roll-to-roll processing and has the potential to significantly expand the applications of piezoelectric devices on glass.
Charging modulation of the pyridine nitrogen of covalent organic frameworks for promoting oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Yang Xiubei , An Qizheng , Li Xuewen , Fu Yubin , Yang Shuai , Liu Minghao , Xu Qing , Zeng Gaofeng
Published: February 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are ideal templates for constructing metal-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction due to their highly tuneable skeletons and controllable porous channels. However, the development of highly active sites within COFs remains challenging due to their limited electron-transfer capabilities and weak binding affinities for reaction intermediates. Herein, we constructed highly active catalytic centres by modulating the electronic states of the pyridine nitrogen atoms incorporated into the frameworks of COFs. By incorporating different pyridine units (such as pyridine, ionic pyridine, and ionic imidazole units), we tuned various properties including dipole moments, reductive ability, hydrophilicity, and binding affinities towards reaction intermediates. Notably, the ionic imidazole COF (im-PY-BPY-COF) exhibited greater activity than the neutral COF (PY-BPY-COF) and ionic pyridine COF (ion-PY-BPY-COF). Specifically, im-PY-BPY-COF demonstrated a half-wave potential of 0.80 V in 0.1 M KOH, outperforming other metal-free COFs. Theoretical calculations and in situ synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the carbon atoms in the ionic imidazole rings improved the activity by facilitating binding of the intermediate OOH* and promoting the desorption of OH*. This study provides new insights into the design of highly active metal-like COF catalysts.
Spatial variations and determinants of iron containing foods consumption among 6–23 months old children in Ethiopia: spatial, and multilevel analysis
Authors: Terefe Bewuketu , Jembere Mahlet Moges , Abie Mekonnen Birhanu
Published: February 2024

Consuming foods high in iron benefits metabolic processes as well as the development of the neonatal and fetal brain. Despite the significance of eating foods high in iron for public health, Ethiopian practices are still limited when compared to the World Health Organization's (WHO) assessment of its consumption of such foods. This study used the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) to evaluate the consumption of iron-rich foods, regional clustering, and related characteristics among children aged 6–23 months. The information was taken from the typical EDHS 2019 dataset, which included a weighted sample of 1572 young children aged 6–23 months old in total. Utilizing Kuldorff's SaTScan version 9.6 software, spatial scan statistics were produced. Software from ArcGIS 10.8 was used to display the regional distribution of inadequate consumption of foods high in iron. Utilizing multilevel or mixed effects logistic regression analysis, the associated determinants for a healthy diet rich in foods containing iron were found. In the final model, a P-value of < 0.05 was announced as a statistical significance variable. Overall, in Ethiopia, children aged 6–23 months consumed iron-rich foods at a rate of 27.14% (95% CI 24.99–29.39). Poor intake of foods heavy in iron is concentrated in Ethiopia's regional states of Afar, a sizable portion of Amhara, Oromia, Tigray, Somali, Gambela, and SNNPS. Primary and secondary education (AOR = 1.73, CI 95%: 1.23, 2.41), and (AOR = 1.97,CI 95%: 1.25, 3.10), having ≥ 2 under five children, and current status of breastfeeding (AOR = 0.62 (CI 95%: 0.45, 0.84), and (AOR = 0.32, CI 95%: 0.23, 0.44), giving birth at health facilities (AOR = 1.51, CI 95%: 1.06, 2.13),being from Afar and Somali regions (AOR = 0.39, 95%: 0.17, 0.93), and (AOR = 0.26, CI 95%: 0.10, 0.69) have shown statistically significant association with the outcome variable respectively. In Ethiopia, providing high-iron meals and supplements to under-2-year-old children represents minimal, but persistent, public health expenses. Based on the identified determinants, the Ethiopian federal ministry of health and other stakeholders should pay special attention to the locations designated as hot spots for maternal and child health service enhancement to promote the consumption of iron-rich meals among children aged 6–23 months.
Assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of metals in the drinking water of Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Moradnia Maryam , Attar Hossein Movahedian , Hajizadeh Yaghoub , Lundh Thomas , Salari Mehdi , Darvishmotevalli Mohammad
Published: February 2024

Metals are significant contributors to water pollution, posing serious threats to human health. This study aims to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with metals in Isfahan drinking water. Eighty water samples were randomly collected from the city's distribution network between January and March 2020–2021. Inductively coupled plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to measure toxic metals, namely Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, and As concentrations. Results revealed that the mean concentration of Ni (70.03 µg/L) exceeded the WHO reference value (70 µg/L), while the other metals were below the standard values. The average chronic daily intake order of toxic metals was Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cd. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment through hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) demonstrated that both THI for adults (HQingestion + HQdermal = 4.02E−03) and THI for children (HIingestion + HIdermal = 3.83E−03) were below the acceptable limit (less than 1). This indicated no non-carcinogenic risk to residents through water ingestion or dermal exposure. However, findings indicated that the ingestion route was the primary exposure pathway, with HQ values for ingestion exceeding HQ values for dermal adsorption. Carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the risk associated with As metal exceeded the acceptable limit (1 × 10−6). Therefore, implementing treatment improvement programs and appropriate control measures is essential to safeguard the health of Isfahan City residents.
Three-dimensional identification of microvascular pathology and neurovascular inflammation in severe white matter hyperintensity: a case report
Authors: Solé-Guardia Gemma , Luijten Matthijs , Geenen Bram , Claassen Jurgen A. H. R. , Litjens Geert , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Wiesmann Maximilian , Kiliaan Amanda J.
Published: February 2024

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the most prevalent markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), which is the major vascular risk factor for dementia. Microvascular pathology and neuroinflammation are suggested to drive the transition from normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) to WMH, particularly in individuals with hypertension. However, current imaging techniques cannot capture ongoing NAWM changes. The transition from NAWM into WMH is a continuous process, yet white matter lesions are often examined dichotomously, which may explain their underlying heterogeneity. Therefore, we examined microvascular and neurovascular inflammation pathology in NAWM and severe WMH three-dimensionally, along with gradual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal (sub-)segmentation. In WMH, the vascular network exhibited reduced length and complexity compared to NAWM. Neuroinflammation was more severe in WMH. Vascular inflammation was more pronounced in NAWM, suggesting its potential significance in converting NAWM into WMH. Moreover, the (sub-)segmentation of FLAIR signal displayed varying degrees of vascular pathology, particularly within WMH regions. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between microvascular pathology and neuroinflammation in the transition from NAWM to WMH. Further examination of neurovascular inflammation across MRI-visible alterations could aid deepening our understanding on WMH conversion, and therewith how to improve the prognosis of SVD.
Solid-waste-recycled CuO/C3N4 S-scheme heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic antibiotic degradation
Authors: Liu Jiawen , Lin Jiahui , Yi Kai , Liu Fangyan , Gao Feng , Wang Mengye , Huang Feng
Published: February 2024

The S-scheme heterojunction formed by C3N4 and CuO effectively improves the degradation and mineralization efficiency of tetracycline.
Metadynamics simulations reveal alloying-dealloying processes for bimetallic PdGa nanoparticles under CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Baumgärtner Julian F. , Müller Andreas , Docherty Scott R. , Comas-Vives Aleix , Payard Pierre-Adrien , Copéret Christophe
Published: February 2024

A combination of ab initio molecular dynamics/metadynamics and in situ spectroscopy reveal the structural response of mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles to adsorbates under various conditions relevant to the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide.
Refreshment students’ perceived usefulness and attitudes towards using technology: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Toros Emete , Asiksoy Gulsum , Sürücü Lütfi
Published: February 2024

This study aims to understand the attitudes of Refreshment students who are active learners towards the use of technology. A model was developed by utilising four important factors impacting technology usage attitudes, namely perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), gerontechnology self-efficacy (GTSE) and attitude towards using technology (ATUT). Quantitative research was used to test the study model. A survey was administered to 318 participants selected through convenience sampling to collect data, which were analysed using AMOS 21.0 and SPSS 26.0 software programmes. The results confirmed that PU influences the attitudes of Refreshment students towards technology usage and PEOU mediates the effect of usefulness on their attitude perception. Moreover, GTSE was found to have a moderate mediating role in the effect of PU on Refreshment students’ attitude through PEOU. The results of this study hold significant implications for the design and implementation of gerontechnology. Theoretically, the findings align with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), suggesting that older adults are more inclined to adopt technology if they perceive it as useful and user-friendly. In practical terms, the study indicates that interventions aimed at enhancing the utility, ease of use, and accessibility of gerontechnology for older adults are likely to be effective in increasing their technology adoption. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of making gerontechnology more accessible and user-friendly, potentially enhancing older adults’ technology adoption and thereby improving their overall quality of life.
Disagreeing without tears
Authors: Zhang Huiyu , Zhao Junxiang , Wu Yicheng
Published: February 2024

Disagreement, while generally seen as an act threatening interlocutors’ face, is indispensable in particular
contexts. Based on an in-depth linguistic and paralinguistic analysis of 12 cases of disagreement from a Chinese venture capital
reality TV show We Are the Hero, we found that in this special context disagreement was a ‘dispreferred’ moment,
but also an informative, educational, and amusing occurrence with multiple functions. While disagreements were frequently
initiated (particularly by the investors), they were mostly indirect, carefully mitigated by participants with linguistic devices
such as explanations, private verbs, questions, humor, as well as paralinguistic devices such as friendly facial expressions and
movements. Furthermore, disagreements, especially aggravated ones, were often interactively mitigated by both on-stage
participants (particularly the host) and the post-production team in an interestingly cooperative way. The interactive process of
mitigating disagreements not only saved the interlocutors’ face, but also contributed to the multiple purposes of the show. Our
findings suggest that politeness, as an invisible hand behind communicative acts, is still present despite the ‘conflict’ that
characterizes this form of TV show.
Effect of chitosan application time on seedlings of various rambutan varieties (Nephelium lappaceum L.)
Authors: Yuniastuti E , Insyira A R , Pujiasmanto B , Sukaya
Published: February 2024

Chitosan is a compound obtained from the extraction of marine crustaceans. Chitosan has an essential role in agriculture as a plant growth promoter. Research on the effect of chitosan application time on seedlings of various rambutan varieties aims to determine if there is an effect of differences in chitosan application time and varieties on the growth of rambutan seedlings. The research was conducted in March-June 2022 at the Screen House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University using a Randomize Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors. The first factor was aceh, binjai, and rapiah variety. The second factor is without chitosan application, morning chitosan application, afternoon chitosan application, morning and afternoon chitosan application. Chitosan application was done weekly with a concentration of 2 ml/L. The results showed that chitosan application time in the morning produces the highest plant height in all rambutan varieties. Rapiah gave the best results in plant height and root length, binjai gave the highest results in stem diameter and leaf area, while aceh variety gave the highest results in the number of leaves.
Early growth of porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) with planting distance adjustment under oil palm plantation
Authors: Fuady Z , Satriawan H , Ernawita
Published: February 2024

Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) thrive under shaded conditions and has been planted under plantations. As oil palm plantations area in Aceh is growing; the effect of shading under oil palm plantation has not been previously reported. The material used is bulbil from the porang plant. Meanwhile, the oil palm stands used were 8-10 years old with the canopy covering >80% of the land. The experimental design used is a Completely Randomized Block Design with the treatment of spacing settings of 40 x 40 cm; 75 x 75 cm; 80 x 80 cm; 90 x 90 cm and 100 x 100 cm. Experiments were conducted in four replicates. Data were analysed using One Way Anova, followed by posthoc Tukey HSD test. Results shows that the spacing had a significant effect on its growth, especially the age of shoot emergence, plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves. The age of budding which allows early shoots to appear is at a spacing of 40 x 40 cm, as well as the plant height parameters at observations 4, 5, 6 and 7 WAP. Meanwhile, at the age of 8 and 9 WAP, the best plant height growth was at 80 x 80 cm spacing.
Analyze the effects of planting distances on the performance of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties
Authors: Al-Hasnawi A S A A , Al-Refai S I , Al-Tahir F M
Published: February 2024

Safflower crop (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the genera that belongs to the Asteraceae family, also called the Compositae family, which is considered the largest family of flowering plants, containing 22 000 species extending from annuals to perennials. The analysis was led at the Muthanna College Exploration Station-School of Horticulture in the colder time of year season 2021-2022, to study the evaluation of the performance of Safflower varieties (Iranian & local) under the influence of planting distances (10, 15, and 20) cm, Explore was done utilizing a totally randomized plan RCBD and with three replications. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the distance of 20 cm was significantly superior to plant height 133.17 cm, number of branches 9.83 branches of per Plant, number of seeds reached, 552 seeds of per Plant and seed yield per Plant 17.33 g of per Plant. The outcomes demonstrated to the ethical predominance of the neighborhood class, giving the most elevated normal for the quantity of timberlands of normal 8.00 parts of per Plant, and yield of seeds 15.44 g per plant.
Exploring the antagonist potential of indigenous Trichoderma spp., Bacillus, and Pseudomonas against Phytophthora palmivora of Soe mandarin in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Simamora A V , Hahuly M V , Kana Y R , Benggu Y I , Mudita I W , Kasim M , Hosang E Y , Londingkene J A , Mahayasa I N W
Published: February 2024

Phytophthora palmivora-induced root and basal stem rot pose a significant threat to the survival of Soe mandarin plants in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. We isolated four Trichoderma species, five Bacillus, and 13 Pseudomonas isolates from the rhizosphere of healthy Soe mandarin. This study pursued two main objectives: (a) assessing the inhibitory capabilities of indigenous Trichoderma spp., Bacillus, and Pseudomonas towards P. palmivora in vitro, and (b) investigating the combined efficacy of Trichoderma spp., Bacillus, and Pseudomonas in controlling P. palmivora in a pot trial. Results revealed that four Trichoderma species (T. asperellum, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, and T. viride) significantly inhibited the growth of P. palmivora. Notably, T. asperellum exhibited the highest inhibition, at 84.31%, followed closely by T. harzianum (84.11%), T. viride (83.67%), and T. hamatum (80.28%). Bacillus and Pseudomonas exhibited varying levels of inhibition to P. palmivora growth in vitro, with the most substantial inhibition observed in Bacillus 1, followed by Pseudomonas 6. In the subsequent pot trial, the application of Trichoderma, Bacillus, or Pseudomonas, either individually or in combination, significantly increased the height increment and reduced the disease incidence caused by P. palmivora in Soe mandarin seedlings.
Application technique and concentration of biofertilizer from rhizosphere of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) given biosurfactant dietanolamide oil palm on the growth of cocoa seedlings
Authors: Eris F R , Sari I P , Nurmayulis  , Sodiq A H , Yardha
Published: February 2024

This research aimed to know the influence of application technique and biofertilizer that given concentration of biosurfactant diethanolamide (DEA) for the growth of cocoa seedlings and also to know the interaction between application technique and concentration level of biofertilizer given DEA growth of cacao seedling (Theobroma cacao L.). This research was conducted in UPTD SITANDU, Banten and the Soil Agroclimate Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa from December 2020 until March 2021, by using randomize complete block design with two factors. The first factor is technique application T1 at soil, T2 at leaf, and T3 with combination soil and leaf fertilization), and the second factor is concentration level of biofertilizer given DEA P1 10 ml and 5%, P2 10 ml and 10%, P3 20 ml and 5%, P4 20 ml and 10%. As a result, there were twelve possible treatment combinations, and each was applied three times. Parameters total chlorophyll (unit), root length (cm), stem diameter (mm), seedlings dry weight (g) and root shoot rasio (g). The results there was no interaction effect between the two treatments, namely application technique and concentration level of biofertilizer with DEA biosurfactant, on all observed parameters of cocoa seedlings.
Effect of potassium fertilizer dose and compost dose of empty palm oil bunches (EFB) on the growth of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L.)
Authors: Fatmawaty A A , Sodiq A H , Susiyanti  , Sherena K D , Yardha
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer and compost of Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EFB) on the growth of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.). The research was started in February-June 2022 at BPTP Banten, and the Laboratory of the Department of Agroecotechnology, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method which consisted of two factors. The first of potassium fertilizer dose has 4 levels, 0 kg/ha potassium (K0), 15 kg/ha (K1), 30 kg/ha (K2) and 45 kg/ha (K3). The second factor of EFB compost has 4 levels, 0 tons/ha (T0), 20 tons/ha (T1), 30 tons/ha (T2) and 40 tons/ha (T3). The results showed the dose of potassium fertilizer 30 kg/ha gave the best results on plant height parameters at the age of 3, 4, 5, 6 weeks after planting (WAP). Dosage of 40 tons/ha of EFB compost gave the best results on the number of leaves aged 5 and 6 WAP. There was no interaction between the dose of potassium fertilizer and the dose of EFB compost on all.
Utilization of organic ameliorants and fertilizers to increase Entisol total N through axis system fertigation in vertical cultivation
Authors: Tobing W L , Ndua N D D , Hanas D F
Published: February 2024

The high porosity and low organic matter content of Entisol are the reasons that Nitrogen (N) is easily leached and lost due to evaporation. Application of organic ameliorants and fertilization is expected to increase total N in Entisol. To find out the effect of organic ameliorants and fertilizers on increasing total N through axis fertigation in vertical cultivation, this study was conducted using a divided plot design. The organic ameliorant treatment consisted of soil (A1) as control, A2 (soil:biochar)(1:1), A3 (soil:compost)(1:1), A4 (soil: biochar:compost)(1:1:1), while the fertilizer treatment consisted of P1 (urea), P2 (liquid organic fertilizer [LOF]), P3 (urea + liquid organic fertilizer[LOF]), P4 (urea + nitrogen fixing-bacteria[NFB]), P5 (liquid organic fertilizer[LOF] + nitrogen-fixing bacteria[NFB]), and P6 (Urea + liquid organic fertilizer[LOF] + nitrogen-fixing bacteria[NFB]). The results showed that the increase in total N occurred after the addition of organic ameliorant and fertilizer. The single treatment with ameliorant ratio of 1:1:1 (soil: biochar: compost) (A4) showed the highest increase in total N, which was 1.08% and was significantly different from the other treatments. The single treatment of fertilizer type with a combination of 3 types of fertilizer namely urea + LOF + NFB (P6) produced the highest total N (0.95%).
Evaluation performance of irrigation local rice from South Tapanuli
Authors: Alfi R , Wahyuni H
Published: February 2024

Using new high-yielding varieties has led to increased production and availability of food, especially rice, in Indonesia. Even though it has high productivity, the popularity of consumers looking for local rice is still very high because of its taste. Apart from being long-aged, the ability of rice to only grow in specific environments causes farmers to avoid planting local rice. This research aims to evaluate the performance of irrigated rice from South Tapanuli. The research was carried out from May to August 2023 in the experimental field in Padang City, West Sumatra. Based on research results, the height of local plants is higher than the national superior varieties. Even though they have good agronomic performance, the results observed are that the generative characters of national superior varieties are better than local varieties. It was likely due to local varieties still adapting to the environment and pests and diseases to complete the life cycle.
Assembling corn varieties containing high amylopectin and high productivity
Authors: Edy  , Subaedah St. , Ibrahim B
Published: February 2024

It is imperative that fluffy corn be developed as a substitute staple grain at this time. The goal of this research is to produce high-yielding corn cultivars with a high amylopectin content. This study had a randomized block design and using the Back Cross method. Plant three rows of the Srikandi Putih variety and one row of local waxy corn in the first year. F1 was created by crossing the Local Waxy Corn (♂) with the Srikandi Putih Variety (♀). F1 is planted in two rows, while F2 is produced by selfing. The second year, 105 F2 samples’ seeds were examined for amylopectin content before being chosen. After planting the chosen F2, it selfes to create F3. 100 rows of F3 were sown, and 263 F3 plants (♀) were chosen for backcrossing with the Srikandi Putih Variety (♂), yielding BC1F1. The following seed amylopectin levels tended to rise as selection proceeded, according to the results: F1 (74.25%), F2 (74.80%%), F3 (76.60%), and BC1F1 (79.15%). The following seed production per hectare was achieved between 2018 and 2019: F1 (2.93 t), F2 (3.05 t), F3 (4.61 t), and BC1F1 (5.09 t).
Comparison of several weed control and tillage techniques in suppressing weeds and increasing maize production for integrated weed control
Authors: Nursa’adah  , Akasah W , Totti D P , Putra A , Mulya M O
Published: February 2024

The use of herbicides has received attention due to its effects on human health, sustainability, and biodiversity due to toxic chemicals in herbicides. Repeated use of herbicide active ingredients over a long period of time can result in the emergence of resistant weeds. One strategy to reduce the herbicide use without decreasing productivity is integrated weed control. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of several weed control techniques in integrated weed control and their role in suppressing weeds and increasing maize crop production. This study used a Randomized Group Design with 2 factorials. The first factor was weed control technique (W) with levels: no control (W0), cover crop (W1), pre-emergent herbicide (W2), post-emergent herbicide (W3), and weed-free (with weeding) (W4). And the second factor was tillage technique (T), namely: no tillage (T0) and conventional tillage (T1). The results showed that post-emergent herbicides were more effective in controlling weeds and the highest crop production with weed control techniques with pre-emergent herbicides. The tillage technique had no significant effect on weeds and maize crop production.
Isolation and Potential Testing of Cellulolytic Fungi from Tea Processing Waste
Authors: Sembiring M , Pakpahan G M , Muklis  , Razali  , Hidayat B
Published: February 2024

Tea as one of the long-established agricultural commodities in Indonesia, generates significant amounts of solid waste throughout the year. Tea waste, which has a low C/N ratio, can be used as compost to replace inorganic fertilizers, because it contains high nitrogen. The high carbon content can also be utilized as a soil ameliorant that acts as a soil buffer, because it has a high water absorption capacity. This research was conducted at the Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatra Utara. Cellulolytic microorganisms from tea factory waste were isolated using Carboxyl Methyl Cellulase (CMC) media, and superior fungal isolates were tested for their potential to degrade organic materials in raw tea factory waste. The results of the study revealed the presence of 5 fungal isolates, with isolate J3 showing potential in decomposing organic materials, resulting in a C/N ratio of 12.62, followed by a pH of 6.96. Fungal with the best potential test results can be used as decomposers in organic matter that is high in cellulose content which is difficult to decompose.
The effect of different harvest times on the quality of red chili seeds for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Haryati  , Lubis M F , Hasanah Y , Sinuraya M , Sembiring M , Sipayung A M
Published: February 2024

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most attractive agricultural commodities. To minimize risks in cultivating red chilies, high quality seeds must be used. These seeds are obtained from chili fruit from previous plantings. Chili fruit is harvested several times. This research aims to determine the effect of different harvest times on the quality of red chili seeds for sustainable agriculture. The research was carried out at the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. This research used a Non-Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven harvest time treatments, namely harvest in the first week, harvest in the second week, harvest in the third week, harvest in the fourth week, harvest in the fifth week, harvest in the sixth week, and harvest in the seventh week. The parameters observed were the weight of 100 seeds, maximum growth potential, germination test, germination rate and vigor index. The research results show that harvest time has a significant effect on all parameters. Seed harvested in the third and fourth week are the best quality because they have the weight of 100 seeds, maximum growth potential and the highest vigor index and fastest germination rate.
The effect of giving colchicine on appearance phnotypes of two genotypes in okra (Abelmochus esculentus L. Moench)
Authors: Lubis K , Aprilyani H
Published: February 2024

Cultivation of okra (Abelmochus esculentus L. Moench) is done to increase productivity by means of mutations to produce populations that have diversity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of colchicine concentration on phenotypic changes in two genotypes of okra so as to produce plants with polyploidy properties. This research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 treatment factors. First factor is use IPB’s Zahira Varieties: IPB’s Naila Varieties. Second factor was addition with a dose of colchicine 0%, 0.20%, 0.40%, and 0.60% as a solution for soaking okra seeds. Results showed that stomatal density (mm2) and flowering age WAP were significantly different due to variety and colchicine treatments. Variety significantly affected plant height at 5-13 WAP, number of leaves at 6-13 WAP, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, and number of fruit, colchicine concentration significantly affected height 2-13 WAP, number leaves at 4-9 WAP, flowering age, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, and number of fruit. Interaction of varieties and administration of colchicine concentrations affected okra plant height at 11-13 WAP, number of leaves at 8 WAP, and fruit weight. The qualitative characters show the results of changes in leaf color and shape.
Effect of various hesperidin and naringin addition levels on specific sperm indicators and the integrity of their DNA as measured by the comet assay in aged broiler breeder males
Authors: Mawlood A D , Taha A T
Published: February 2024

In broiler breeder males, the generation of semen decreases with age, and the body produces more free radicals when aging symptoms start to appear. Certain citrus wastes are a potentially sustainable source of high-biological value compounds with antioxidant properties that can enhance the performance of the male reproductive system. Hesperidin and naringin are two examples of these substances. Each treatment was given to the roosters separately, and their impacts on DNA integrity and semen parameters were later investigated using the comet assay. in contrast to the treatment used as the negative control. Most of the sperm characteristics (ejaculate volume, overall sperm motility, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration, percentage of dead sperm, and percentage of abnormal sperm) were significantly and meaningfully improved by the hesperidin and naringin treatment. The percentage of genetic material that remains intact increased in the comet assay in favor of the treatments that also contained naringin and hesperidin. Finally, this study showed that hesperidin and naringin are sustainable substances led to improved semen qualities of elderly broiler breeder males and significantly increased the proportion of genetic material that was intact.