bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of laser-induced shock waves generated during infrared laser ablation of copper by the optical beam deflection method
Authors: Rehman Z. U. , Raza A. , Qayyum H. , Ullah S. , Mahmood S. , Qayyum A.
Published: September 2022

The shock waves generated during laser ablation of a copper target are investigated using the optical beam deflection method. The fluence of nanosecond pulsed infrared laser beam was in the range of

15

−

700

J

/

c
m

2

. The density jumps related with the influx of the shock wave at two interaction points were detected with the help of He–Ne laser probes. In general, a supersonic shock wave is produced, which propagates through air and gradually decays into an acoustic wave. Experiments were carried out to study the impact of laser fluence and propagation distance on the shock wave velocity and pressure. The shock wave velocity varies with laser fluence as

v
∝

F
l

0.3

and with propagation distance as

v
∝

d

−
1.5

. These results are compared with the predictions of the theoretical models. In the investigated fluence range, shock wave pressure rises by an order of magnitude (

∼

1

−

10

M
P
a

). We demonstrated that shock wave pressure and ablated mass can be related, yielding mass-specific shock wave pressure that increases linearly with laser fluence. We have also noticed the shock-wave-induced probe beam focusing under certain conditions, which indicates that the shock wave modifies the refractive index of the compressed layer of air. The reported results are useful for the fundamental understanding and pave the way for new applications of laser-induced shock waves.
Thermal effects of beam profiles on X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy at megahertz X-ray free-electron lasers
Authors: Xu Yihui , Sikorski Marcin , Fan Jiadong , Jiang Huaidong , Liu Zhi
Published: September 2022

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with megahertz repetition rates enable X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) studies of fast dynamics on microsecond and sub-microsecond time scales. Beam-induced sample heating is one of the central concerns in these studies, as the interval time is often insufficient for heat dissipation. Despite the great efforts devoted to this issue, few have evaluated the thermal effects of X-ray beam profiles. This work compares the effective dynamics of three common beam profiles using numerical methods. Results show that under the same fluence, the effective temperatures increase with the nonuniformity of the beam, such that the Gaussian beam profile yields a higher effective temperature than the donut-like and uniform profiles. Moreover, decreasing the beam sizes is found to reduce beam-induced thermal effects, in particular the effects of beam profiles.
Stack, seal, evacuate, draw: a method for drawing hollow-core fiber stacks under positive and negative pressure
Authors: Murphy Leah R. , Yerolatsitis Stephanos , Birks Tim A. , Stone James M.
Published: September 2022

The two-stage stack and draw technique is an established method for fabricating microstructured fibers, including hollow-core fibers. A stack of glass elements of around a meter in length and centimeters in outer diameter forms the first stage preform, which is drawn into millimeter scale canes. The second stage preform is one of the canes, which is drawn, under active pressure, into microscopic fiber. Separately controlled pressure lines are connected to different holes or sets of holes in the cane to control the microstructure of the fiber being drawn, often relying on glues or other sealants to isolate the differently-pressured regions. We show that the selective fusion and collapse of the elements of the stack, before it is drawn to cane or fiber, allows the stack to be drawn directly under differential pressure without introducing a sealant. Three applications illustrate the advantages of this approach. First, we draw antiresonant hollow-core fiber directly from the stack without making a cane, allowing a significantly longer length of fiber to be drawn. Second, we fabricate canes under pressure, such that they are structurally more similar to the final fiber. Finally, we use the method to fabricate new types of microstructured resonators with a non-circular cross-section.
Dermoscopic image segmentation based on Pyramid Residual Attention Module
Authors: Jiang Yun , Cheng Tongtong , Dong Jinkun , Liang Jing , Zhang Yuan , Lin Xin , Yao Huixia
Published: September 2022

We propose a stacked convolutional neural network incorporating a novel and efficient pyramid residual attention (PRA) module for the task of automatic segmentation of dermoscopic images. Precise segmentation is a significant and challenging step for computer-aided diagnosis technology in skin lesion diagnosis and treatment. The proposed PRA has the following characteristics: First, we concentrate on three widely used modules in the PRA. The purpose of the pyramid structure is to extract the feature information of the lesion area at different scales, the residual means is aimed to ensure the efficiency of model training, and the attention mechanism is used to screen effective features maps. Thanks to the PRA, our network can still obtain precise boundary information that distinguishes healthy skin from diseased areas for the blurred lesion areas. Secondly, the proposed PRA can increase the segmentation ability of a single module for lesion regions through efficient stacking. The third, we incorporate the idea of encoder-decoder into the architecture of the overall network. Compared with the traditional networks, we divide the segmentation procedure into three levels and construct the pyramid residual attention network (PRAN). The shallow layer mainly processes spatial information, the middle layer refines both spatial and semantic information, and the deep layer intensively learns semantic information. The basic module of PRAN is PRA, which is enough to ensure the efficiency of the three-layer architecture network. We extensively evaluate our method on ISIC2017 and ISIC2018 datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that PRAN can obtain better segmentation performance comparable to state-of-the-art deep learning models under the same experiment environment conditions.
The effect of dietary supplementation with blueberry, cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside, yoghurt and its peptides on gene expression associated with glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle obtained from a high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet induced obesity model
Authors: Shi Min , Mathai Michael L. , Xu Guoqin , Su Xiao Q. , McAinch Andrew J.
Published: September 2022

Obesity is a leading global health problem contributing to various chronic diseases, including type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to investigate whether blueberries, yoghurt, and their respective bioactive components, Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G) and peptides alone or in combinations, alter the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles from diet-induced obese mice. In extensor digitorum longus (EDL), yoghurt up-regulated the expression of activation of 5’adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and down-regulated the expression of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR-1). The combination of blueberries and yoghurt down-regulated the mRNA expression of AGTR-1 and Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in the EDL. Whereas the combination of C3G and peptides down-regulated AGTR-1 and up-regulated GLUT4 mRNA expression in the EDL. In the soleus, blueberries and yoghurt alone, and their combination down-regulated AGTR-1 and up-regulated GLUT4 mRNA expression. In summary blueberries and yoghurt, regulated multiple genes associated with glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles, and therefore may play a role in the management and prevention of T2DM.
Variational mode decomposition combined fuzzy—Twin support vector machine model with deep learning for solar photovoltaic power forecasting
Authors: Balraj Gobu , Victoire Aruldoss Albert , S. Jaikumar , Victoire Amalraj
Published: September 2022

A novel Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) combined Fuzzy-Twin Support Vector Machine Model with deep learning mechanism is devised in this research study to forecast the solar Photovoltaic (PV) output power in day ahead basis. The raw data from the solar PV farms are highly fluctuating and to extract the useful stable components VMD is employed. A novel Fuzzy–Twin Support Vector Machine (FTSVM) model developed acts as the forecasting model for predicting the solar PV output power for the considered solar farms. The twin support vector machine (SVM) model formulates two separating hyperplanes for predicting the output power and in this research study a fuzzy based membership function identifies most suitable two SVM prediction hyperplanes handling the uncertainties of solar farm data. For the developed, new VMD-FTSVM prediction technique, their optimal parameters for the training process are evaluated with the classic Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) algorithm. The solar PV output power is predicted using the novel VMD-FTSVM model and during the process multi-kernel functions are utilized to devise the two fuzzy based hyperplanes that accurately performs the prediction operation. Deep learning (DL) based training of the FTSVM model is adopted so that the deep auto-encoder and decoder module enhances the accuracy rate. The proposed combined forecasting model, VMD-ALO-DLFTSVM is validated for superiority based on a two 250MW PV solar farm in India. Results prove that the proposed model outperforms the existing model in terms of the performance metrics evaluated and the forecasted PV Power.
An improved multipath video data communication in a vehicular delay-tolerant network
Authors: Almotairi Khaled H.
Published: September 2022

A vehicular network offers diverse beneficial services related to video streaming in different types of setups, including rural and urban. Some of the recent issues in vehicular communication include prospect of leveraging machine learning and blockchain for privacy and security enhancement, and resource allocation for video streaming coupled with integration of 6G networks for high data rate. Considering the extreme mobility and dynamic structure of vehicular networks and the high data rates of video streams, a unitary route may not support the required quality of a video stream. To achieve load balancing, connectivity among vehicles, path diversity, and low delay, the multipath transmission with a delay-tolerant network (DTN) concept based on a node disjoint algorithm is considered. In this proposed study, video frames are categorized in accordance with priority and forwarded via two graded paths. The first path carries the video reference frame, which is the most important frame for video decoding. The second path carries neighboring frames during video transmission. For the efficient selection of an optimal relay vehicle, a communication cost function is introduced into the existing DTN. This communication cost function is based on three key enhancement parameters: link stability rate, accessible bandwidth estimation, and transmission delay. The improvement in this study, is the integration of store-carry-forward strategy to the existing multipath data forwarding strategy. On the basis of the simulation outcomes, the proposed multipath video data communication in a vehicular DTN (MVDTN) scheme can enhance video data delivery in terms of packet loss ratio, end-to-end delay, structural similarity index measure, and peak signal-to-noise ratio. Considering the aforementioned metrics, our proposed schemes outperform the baseline schemes, namely, road-based multi-metrics forwarder selection evaluation for multipath video streaming and quality of service-aware multipath video streaming for an urban vehicular ad hoc network by using ant colony optimization.
Detraque: Dynamic execution tracing techniques for automatic fault localization of hardware design code
Authors: Wu Jiang , Zhang Zhuo , Xu Jianjun , He Jiayu , Mao Xiaoguang , Meng Xiankai , Li Panpan
Published: September 2022

In an error-prone development process, the ability to localize faults is a crucial one. Generally speaking, detecting and repairing errant behavior at an early stage of the development cycle considerably reduces costs and development time. The debugging of the Verilog program takes much time to read the waveform and capture the signal, and in many cases, problem-solving relies heavily on experienced developers. Most existing Verilog fault localization methods utilize the static analysis method to find faults. However, using static analysis methods exclusively may result in some types of faults being inevitably ignored. The use of dynamic analysis could help resolve this issue. Accordingly, in this work, we propose a new fault localization approach for Verilog, named Detraque. After obtaining dynamic execution through test cases, Detraque traces these executions to localize faults; subsequently, it can determine the likelihood of any Verilog statement being faulty and sort the statements in descending order by suspicion score. Through conducting empirical research on real Verilog programs with 61 faulty versions, Detraque can achieve an EXAM score of 18.3%. Thus, Detraque is verified as able to improve Verilog fault localization effectiveness when used as a supplement to static analysis methods.
Panmemic inoculation: How Taiwan is nerfing the pandemic with cute humour
Authors: Tischer Jacob F.
Published: September 2022

The article outlines the Taiwanese government’s strategy of using cute and humorous messages in its official communication via social media during the initial phase of COVID-19. Subjected to Chinese influence campaigns on social media, the government devised playful memes to ‘inoculate’ the public against disinformation and rumours. While the images contained important information, what made them appealing, memorable and spreadable as memes was their self-deprecating humour and cute aesthetics. Adopting the memetic logic of replication, the communication strategy devised such benign, non-aggressive humour as part of a broad, holistic approach towards improving Taiwan’s democracy with technology-assisted, consensus-based decision-making. This strategy entailed wider-reaching social effects. Informed by an analysis of memes as a genre of cultural artefacts, the article traces how government-sponsored cute aesthetics resonated in society through being shared, imitated and repurposed. For example, government representatives such as ‘digital minister’ Audrey Tang and Minister of Health and Welfare Chen Shih-chung became memetic icons animated through fan art. In this realm of increasingly self-referential social intimacy, ordinary citizens and the government co-created not only immunity to misinformation but also an affective community of Taiwanese national proportions.
Survivors, victims and soldiers as figures of nationalism: Representations of women in the War of Resistance against Japan museums in mainland China
Authors: Bajgerová Verly Markéta
Published: September 2022

The gendered memorializing of the War of Resistance against Japan (1931–45) has been an important part of China’s war memory politics in all of the different phases it has undergone since 1945. In the Mao era, the iconography of the ‘Anti-Japanese female revolutionary martyrdoms’ rose to prominence, while the following reformation period consolidated a she-victim/he-hero dichotomy most forcefully characterized by the visualization of the Nanjing Massacre through violated female bodies symbolizing the nation’s victimhood. This article argues that in the Xi Jinping era, women’s roles in museums have begun to transform again. Coming from the viewpoint of a feminist critique, it approaches five prominent war museums in mainland China with gender as its main analytical category, studying women’s representations in the memorial spaces and exhibitions. It suggests that the current trends introduced the role of survivor of sexual violence and female soldier into the museal landscape, slightly complicating the previous gendered repertoires in the war’s musealization. By exploring the Chinese sociocultural themes of ‘chastity martyrdom’ and ‘female warriors’ and the multi-layered politics of the so-called ‘comfort women’ it discusses the extent to which the strategies used to portray women serve patriarchal nationalism rather than women’s interests.
Japan, 1972: Visions of Masculinity in an Age of Mass Consumerism, Yoshikuni Igarashi (2021)
Authors: Baudinette Thomas
Published: September 2022

Review of: Japan, 1972: Visions of Masculinity in an Age of Mass Consumerism, Yoshikuni Igarashi (2021)

New York: Columbia University Press, 366 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-23119-555-3, p/bk, $35.00
Changing Needs of Special Education Preservice Teachers in the Practicum
Authors:   Oranim College of Education, Gidalevich Stella , Shalev Maayan ,   Oranim College of Education
Published: September 2022

Self-determination theory (SDT) suggests that people strive to fulfill three basic needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness. In teacher education research, fulfilling those needs is connected to positive skill development and increased wellbeing of preservice teachers and their students. Teacher education programs for special education preservice teachers (SEPT) include a professional experience in various school settings with neurodiverse students. This professional experience gives rise to specific needs for these SEPT. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 SEPT, studying at various stages of two teacher education programs. The findings were analyzed qualitatively. Results revealed developing and changing needs throughout the educational program, reflecting different settings and phases of the professional experience. SDT was found to be useful framework to interpret the findings. Implications for designing teacher education programs are discussed.
Child externalising and internalising behaviour and parental wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Portnoy Jill , Bedoya AnaCristina , Wong Keri Ka-Yee
Published: September 2022

In this study we surveyed families’ experiences with parental depression, stress, relationship conflict and child behavioural issues during 6 months of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic through the Covid-19: Global Social Trust and Mental Health Study. The current analyses used data collected from online surveys completed by adults in 66 countries from 17 April 2020 to 13 July 2020 (Wave I), followed by surveys 6 months later at Wave II (17 October 2020–31 January 2021). Analyses were limited to 175 adult parents who reported living with at least one child under 18 years old at Wave I. Parents reported on children’s level of externalising and internalising behaviour at Wave I. At Wave II, parents completed self-reported measures of stress, depression and inter-partner conflict. Child externalising behaviour at Wave I significantly predicted higher levels of parental stress at Wave II, controlling for covariates. Child internalising behaviour at Wave I did not predict parental stress or depression, controlling for covariates. Neither child externalising nor internalising behaviour predicted parental relationship conflict. The overall findings demonstrate that child behaviour likely influenced parental stress during the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings suggest that mental health interventions for children and parents may improve the family system during times of disaster.
Reparo ósseo após tratamento utilizando novo MTA de alta plasticidade: relato de dois casos
Authors: Pereira Leandro , Camilleri Josette , Marciano Marina Angélica
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: O presente relato de dois casos ilustra o tratamento de perfuração e reabsorção radicular utilizando cimento MTA de alta plasticidade. Métodos: No primeiro caso clínico, uma perfuração na raiz palatina de um primeiro molar superior foi selada com MTA HP, sendo realizado, em seguida, retratamento endodôntico. No segundo caso clínico, uma reabsorção radicular em incisivo lateral superior foi tratada por meio de trocas de medicação hidróxido de cálcio e obturação final com MTA HP. Resultados: Para a perfuração radicular, houve um completo reparo ósseo após seis meses de controle. Para o tratamento da reabsorção radicular, uma estabilização do processo foi verificada e o reparo ósseo detectado, sem evidência de alteração de cor. Conclusão: Os casos demonstram a capacidade da nova formulação de alta plasticidade em promover o reparo ósseo quando aplicado no tratamento de perfuração radicular e reabsorção, procedimentos co- mumente encontrados na prática clínica. O trabalho demonstra, também, a estabilidade de cor desse cimento, o que permite sua utilização em áreas estéticas.
Influência da posição do forame apical no tratamento endodôntico: relato de série de casos
Authors: Gomes Flávio de Almeida , Ferreira Claudio Maniglia , Vitoriano Marcelo de Morais , Aguiar Bernardo Almeida , Pappen Fernanda Geraldo , Vasconcelos Bruno Carvalho de
Published: September 2022

Introdução: O estabelecimento de um comprimento de trabalho correto durante o tratamento do canal radicular é uma etapa primordial para o sucesso endodôntico, mas a complexidade anatômica da região apical do sistema de canais radiculares cria desafios à instrumentação endodôntica. Objetivo: A presente série de casos descreve três diferentes variações anatômicas da posição do forame apical e discute a importância do correto diagnóstico e conhecimento do sistema do canal radicular, para o sucesso do tratamento endodôntico. Relato de caso: o primeiro caso trata-se de um dente #25 encaminhado para retratamento. Na Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico (TCFC), foi observado o conduto palatino não obturado e os forames extremamente lateralizados; o segundo caso trata-se de um dente #25 com apenas um conduto, cujo forame encontrava-se lateralizado em sentido distopalatino; e o terceiro caso trata-se de um dente #11 com o forame direcionado para vestibular. Conclusão: Esse artigo destaca uma variante anatômica comum, o desvio lateral do forame apical em relação ao ápice radicular. Embora comum, essa condição é difícil de dominar, exigindo cuidadosa exploração endodôntica acompanhada por localizadores foraminais eletrônicos. Os casos aqui relatados sugerem que a TCFC contribuiu efetivamente para a determinação do comprimento real do canal, enquanto a radiografia periapical não conseguiu identificar configurações complexas do sistema de canais.
Peran Ekokardiografi dalam Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Purwowiyoto Sidhi Laksono , Diwirya Wincent Candra
Published: September 2022

Critical care echocardiography (CCE) adalah alat pencitraan non-invasif samping tempat tidur yang dapat memberikan manfaat pada perawatan intensif karena portabilitas, ketersediaan luas, dan kemampuan diagnostik yang cepat. Dokter yang telah mendapatkan pelatihan dasar ekokardiografi, baik dokter unit perawatan intensif atau unit gawat darurat, dapat menilai fungsi ventrikel kiri dengan akurasi yang baik. CCE dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi fungsi jantung karena dapat mengenali kelainan dinding regional secara instan. Pengenalan cepat seperti ini dapat mendorong kecepatan intervensi yang berpotensi mengurangi angka kematian. Pasien dengan kelainan pada ekokardiografi memiliki kecenderungan gangguan yang signifikan dalam kelangsungan hidup di ICU. Ekokardiografi transtorakal dan transesofageal adalah pemeriksaan penting di unit perawatan intensif (ICU). Alat ini dapat digunakan untuk mendiagnosis patologi jantung akut dan menilai status hemodinamik. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti peran penting CCE dalam pengambilan keputusan klinis.
Combined effects of high irradiance and temperature on the photosynthetic and antioxidant responses of Thalassia hemprichii and Halophila ovalis
Authors: Saewong Chanida , Soonthornkalump Sutthinut , Buapet Pimchanok
Published: September 2022

During midday low tides, tropical intertidal seagrasses are challenged by high irradiance and high temperature. This study assessed photosynthetic and oxidative stress responses of Thalassia hemprichii and Halophila ovalis exposed to 150 and 1000 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and 30 and 40 °C for 3 h. High temperature (40 °C) significantly decreased the maximum quantum yield of both seagrasses and this heat-induced photoinhibition was exacerbated by high irradiance (1000 μmol photons m−2 s−1). High irradiance also aggravated the effects of high temperature on the effective quantum yield of T. hemprichii. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of T. hemprichii was induced by both stressors with no additive effects. In contrast, NPQ of H. ovalis was induced under high irradiance at 30 °C but was inhibited at 40 °C. Nevertheless, antioxidant enzyme activity and reactive oxygen species content did not differ among treatments in either seagrass. Monitoring chloroplast distribution in H. ovalis revealed a partial inhibitory effect of high temperature on chloroplast avoidance movement under high irradiance. Our results suggest that warming events may cause detrimental impacts on shallow water seagrasses. Halophila ovalis may be more vulnerable than T. hemprichii as its photoprotection, i.e. NPQ and chloroplast avoidance movement, was hindered at high temperature.
How do L1 Chinese raters process the L2 Chinese speech signal at the sentence level with respect to accentedness, comprehensibility and intelligibility?
Authors: Neal Robert
Published: September 2022

Set within the context of teaching and learning Chinese at two secondary schools in the North of England and adopting a case study research design, the aim of this study was to develop research-informed insights into the nature of the pronunciation challenges facing beginner learners of Chinese. Data collection activities included recording the spoken Chinese of 20 L2 learners during a read-aloud task and a question-answer activity. Forty L1 raters were subsequently interviewed as they rated and transcribed the learners’ randomized speech samples. Distinguishing between the key constructs of accentedness, comprehensibility and intelligibility, it was found that heavily accented tones did not necessarily lead to lower levels of comprehensibility and intelligibility. Furthermore, many intelligibility breakdowns – i.e. when raters failed to correctly transcribe the learners’ intended utterances – could be traced to problems with individual words which usually implicated segmental sounds as well as tone. Findings are interpreted in terms of indicating a need for more nuanced classroom priorities aimed at the promotion of intelligible speech as opposed to an unrealistic focus on developing a native-like accent.
礼貌驱动的汉语道义情态表达
Authors: 金爱情  , 刘翼斌  , 彭利贞
Published: September 2022

提要

道义情态内部存在礼貌程度上的差异。为了不威胁面子, 言者表达道义情态时, 会设法使用间接手段, 以提高礼貌的程度。本文讨论了使指令显得间接的三类表现手段: (一) 道义情态来源的客观化。表现为选择 “得 (děi)”、“不得不” 表示的源于客观的道义情态, 或使用使道义情态客观化的 “有M” 或 “有VP的M” 等形式。 (二) 道义情态的低量级化。在威胁面子的语境中, 言者说[许可]而隐含[必要], 说[免除]而隐含[禁止]。 (三) 非道义情态的道义情态化。言者表达对事件整体的评价、表达事件发生的时间等要素的合适性、表示事件成真的[能力]、[勇气]或[条件], 等等, 但真正的目的是以这些原来表达非道义情态的语言形式, 间接地表达道义情态。
Some people and personalities of organic chemistry: a teaching hook for mid-level university students
Authors: Mackey Katrina , McHugh Martin , McGlacken Gerard P.
Published: September 2022

Organic chemistry often represents a key impasse for students during their third level science education. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to perceived difficulties in learning the subject. Moreover, the teaching of multi-step organic synthesis at third level has well-documented challenges. At University College Cork (UCC), we have adopted a strategy to engage students at the mid to late degree stage using an innovative teaching hook, to inspire interest and engagement. The approach was taken to outline chronologically some of the seminal breakthroughs in synthesis, and organic chemistry more generally, from the 1950 s to a few of the current leaders of today. Importantly the focus is on the people, the circumstance and the stories surrounding them. As a relevance-based hooking strategy grounded in a storytelling pedagogy, the goal was to inform students of the potential in organic chemistry and thus spark their interest for the subsequent lectures. Over multiple interventions, feedback from students has been highly positive. We posit that the design framework behind the ‘The People and Personalities’ could be adapted to many disciplines in a similarly successful manner. Overall, this approach proved inspirational for students, and was a most timely intervention in their degree program.
A modified seven-level cross-connected PUC boost multilevel inverter with reduced cost factor and device count
Authors: Phukan Hillol , Debela Tamiru , Singh Jiwanjot
Published: September 2022

The device count (dC) and cost factor (CF) with the boosting feature are the main challenges in the packed u-cell multilevel inverters as the number of levels are increased in the output voltage. In this paper, to mitigate these problems, a new topology of a 7-level modified packed u-cell boost multilevel inverter (PUC-BMLI) is designed to improve the cost factor and device count. Further, it can be used for a wide range of switching frequencies since only one capacitor is required and the voltage across the capacitor is balanced. To generate a 7-level stepped-up voltage across the load, the PUC-BMLI needs only eight power switches and one capacitor. The proposed topology can boost the input voltage by 1.5 times. To generate a 7-level stepped-up voltage across the output multicarrier phase-disposition pulse width modulation (PD-PWM) has been used. To prove the superior performance of the PUC-BMLI, a comparative analysis with existing single DC source boost MLI has been done. The device count (dC) and cost factor (CF) are the lowest compared to the recently proposed topology employing one dc source and producing 7-level across the output. The dC and CF are 10 and 22.33. All the switches are two-quadrant switches, thus reducing the cost of the overall circuit. THD is found to be 4.10% for output current. The feasibility of the 7-level modified topology is evaluated by Matlab/Simulink simulation and verified by an experimental study using the OPAL-RT 4510 real-time platform.
Tu quoque?! On the second person pronoun tusya (tus̱a) and the second person verbal ending -tu (-du) in Niya Prakrit
Authors: Schoubben Niels
Published: September 2022

When compared to Old Indo-Aryan (OIA) and other Middle Indo-Aryan (MIA) languages, the marking of the second person in Niya Prakrit differs in two crucial respects. On the one hand, Niya Prakrit makes use of a pronoun tusya/tus̱a ‘you’ that is not found in the other languages. On the other hand, Niya Prakrit has a verbal ending -tu (-du) as a second person marker on top of the old 2sg ending -si (-s̱i) and the 2pl ending -tha. This paper argues that these two peculiarities are related to one another and that both the pronoun and the verbal ending have not been properly described in earlier scholarship. First, it will be claimed that tusya (tus̱a) is not a genitive singular (gen.sg), as previously thought, but a direct plural (dir.pl). As a consequence, a new etymology for this pronoun will be offered too. Second, this article presents various arguments that -tu (-du) is not a 2sg ending, but a 2pl.
The crystal structure of tetrakis(6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylate-κ
2
N,O)-bis(μ2-6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylate-κ
2
O:O′)-bis(μ2-6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylate-κ
3N,O:O)tetralead(II) C48H32N4O8Pb2
Authors: Li-Hua Wang , Hao-Wen Tai , Qiu-Shi Li , Yu-Pei Xia , Xi-Shi Tai
Published: September 2022

C48H32N4O8Pb2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.2712(8) Å, b = 14.5959(13) Å, c = 16.6178(13) Å, α = 76.089(7)°, β = 77.068(7)°, γ = 74.717(7)°, V = 2074.5(3) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0563, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1783, T = 250 K.
Application of programmable logic control in the nonlinear machine automation control using numerical control technology
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: September 2022

To explore the application of programmable logic control (PLC) in the automatic control of nonlinear machine tools, the application of PLC in the nonlinear electronic system control is studied. First, the author takes PLC technology in the numerical control machine tool electrical control application as the research equipment, PLC technology in the numerical control machine tool electrical control application is divided into four types. Then, according to the need of management number, the overall structure of PLC is designed and developed, and the concept of operation modularization is adopted to realize the decentralized development of PLC. There are three functional modules: repair, compile, and simulate. Finally, the machining performance of the nc system is evaluated experimentally. The processing time difference of two kinds of machine tools is compared. The average processing time of the original (Numerically controlled) NC system is 3.06 s, and the average processing time of the embedded soft PLC system is 2.01 s, with a gap of 1.04 s between the two systems. The Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining improvement of 1 s is significant in the processing efficiency of CNC machine tools. The numerical control system embedded in the PLC system is more stable in the machining time, so it can be concluded that the numerical control-embedded soft PLC system has carried on some improvements and upgrades to the operation of machine tools. PLC has relatively strong reliability, stability, and flexibility and is widely used in industrial control systems. In the production process of CNC machine tools, the application of PLC can improve the automatic control level of machine tools. The application of PLC can improve the automatic control level of machine tools and realize the effective control of each link in the production process of CNC machine tools, such as the start-stop program, the automatic replacement of cutting tools in the production process, the automatic diagnosis, and treatment of various faults in the production process, which can be realized through the application of PLC technology.
Online media and global communication research in Nigeria
Authors: Mojaye Eserinune McCarty , Ogunyombo Oludare Ebenezer
Published: September 2022

The growth of global online media necessitates a better knowledge of how these media affect the world. Communication researchers have examined how rhetoric and globalization interact dynamically; how information spreads through cross-cultural interactions, and how a growing global media landscape affects culture, society, economy, and politics. However, no study has aggregated the areas of focus of such studies in order to establish a trend of the discussion of online media and global communication scholarship in Nigeria. In this essay, we offer a pathway for understanding approaches to scholarship in online media and global communication in Nigeria. We review all articles on online media and global communication that were published in two Nigerian academic journals, The Nigerian Journal of Communication and the Journal of Communication and Media Research between 2015 and 2021 using our content categories of authorship, theory/theories used, study population, method of study and research focus. We found that social media, which has proved to be a very hot area of research among scholars worldwide, also occupied the pride of place among Nigerian scholars and that collaboration in research, which is a major way of growing and advancing knowledge, was also significantly common among Nigerian communication researchers. On the low side, however, we found, among others, that lack of funding was a major issue in Nigerian communication research as none of the 73 articles that we analyzed was funded.
Concurrent Validity Between Potential Screening Tests for Early Mobility Decline in Independent Community Dwellers
Authors: Yoshida Yuri , Zeni Joseph A. , Zhu YiLiang , Rhyne Robert L.
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose:

Standardized screening tests that detect early mobility decline, regardless of etiology, are needed for healthy aging. The locomotive syndrome (LS) tests are designed to identify stages of mobility decline and inform appropriate levels of intervention. The long-term goal of this research is to develop standardized mobility screening tests that can be used across health care settings and throughout a patient's lifespan to guide appropriate medical care. As the first step in this process, this study examines the concurrent validity between the reference and the LS tests.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study examined correlations between the LS functional tests and a set of reference tests and the ability to differentiate the 3 stages of mobility decline. The reference tests included the stair-climbing test, the 30-second chair rise test, the 6-minute walk test, the Global Physical Health (GPH) portion of the PROMIS, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). The LS tests included the Stand-Up Test, the 2-Step Test, and the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (25-GLFS). A total of 115 community dwellers of 61.2 years old on average (±10.0 years), with n = 71 (61%) older than 60 years, voluntary participated in this prospective study. Nonparametric analyses of variance and correlations were used to examine the concurrent validity.

Results and Discussion:

Performance-based tests were significantly correlated (|r | = 0.38-0.61, P < .001) with LS tests. The LEFS was correlated with all LS tests, but the GPH was only correlated with the 25-GLFS. Also, significant differences were found in reference test scores between the 3 LS stages (P < .05).

Conclusions:

The LS tests and reference tests demonstrated significant correlations, and participants performed significantly worse on reference tests as LS severity increased. Given these results, it is possible that the LS standardized tests may play an important role in mobility screening. Future research should investigate feasibility, sensitivity, and specificity of these tests.
Optimization of Parameters of the New Turner-Fairbank Alkali-Silica Reactivity Susceptibility Test (T-Fast)
Authors: Muñoz Jose F. , Balachandran Chandni , Lichtenwalner Ronald L. , Li Zihui , Arnold Terence S.
Published: September 2022

Prevention is an effective strategy to avoid damage caused by the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete structures. The effectiveness of this strategy heavily depends on the use of reliable accelerated tests to determine if an aggregate used in the concrete has the potential to cause ASR. Recently, a new provisional standard test, AASHTO TP 144-21, Determining the Potential Alkali–Silica Reactivity of Coarse Aggregates (TFHRC-TFAST), has been approved by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. The test accurately predicted the ASR-induced expansion of aggregates used in more than 50 different mortar and concrete samples, including concrete blocks in outdoor testing facilities and concrete in the field. This manuscript presents the results of the collaborative study among three laboratories conducted as part of an overall effort to standardize the new AASHTO TP 144-21. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the suitability of wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectroscopy as the main analytical technique, determine the optimal particle size and effect of moisture on calcium oxide (CaO), and evaluate sample preparation on the results. A total of 18 aggregates were evaluated under the TP 144-21 using 4 different CaO samples and 2 sample preparation protocols. The results indicated that the alkali-silica reactivity of the aggregates can be accurately determined by using WDXRF. Upon exposure to the atmosphere, CaO reacts rapidly with moisture to produce calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. The particle size distribution and amount of Ca(OH)2 in the CaO influenced the ASR classification of marginal (moderately and slow reactive) and nonreactive aggregates. The researchers obtained optimal results using a reagent grade powder CaO with an average particle size of 4.6 μm and less than 5 % of Ca(OH)2. These conclusions were important to validate and optimize the TP 144-21 protocol before launching a wider interlaboratory study.
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Contributes to Human Motor Learning
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Sidarta Ananda , Smith Chelsea , Ostry David J.
Published: September 2022

This study assesses the involvement in human motor learning, of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 9/46v), a somatic region in the middle frontal gyrus. The potential involvement of this cortical area in motor learning is suggested by studies in nonhuman primates which have found anatomic connections between this area and sensorimotor regions in frontal and parietal cortex, and also with basal ganglia output zones. It is likewise suggested by electrophysiological studies which have shown that activity in this region is implicated in somatic sensory memory and is also influenced by reward. We directly tested the hypothesis that area 9/46v is involved in reinforcement-based motor learning in humans. Participants performed reaching movements to a hidden target and received positive feedback when successful. Before the learning task, we applied continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to disrupt activity in 9/46v in the left or right hemisphere. A control group received sham cTBS. The data showed that cTBS to left 9/46v almost entirely eliminated motor learning, whereas learning was not different from sham stimulation when cTBS was applied to the same zone in the right hemisphere. Additional analyses showed that the basic reward-history-dependent pattern of movements was preserved but more variable following left hemisphere stimulation, which suggests an overall deficit in somatic memory for target location or target directed movement rather than reward processing per se. The results indicate that area 9/46v is part of the human motor learning circuit.
The Inclusions and Occlusions of Expanded Refugee Narratives
Authors: Osman Wazhmah , Redrobe Karen
Published: September 2022

In this article, Wazhmah Osman and Karen Redrobe consider the storytelling conventions of the award-winning animated documentary Flee (2021) in light of the long history (in mainstream and popular media, as well as in academia) of marginalized peoples not being able to tell their own stories and of subaltern groups being positioned as the subjects of films in which white filmmakers and researchers drive the narrative. They consider the hierarchies of power involved with giving and taking voice and question whose perspective the film privileges, and to what effect. Their conversation is rooted in a working collaboration to think cross-culturally about media, gender, sexuality, and different types of violence.
Shock Absorber
Authors: Price Yasmina
Published: September 2022

This essay attends to Insomnia of a Serial Dreamer (2020), the latest feature film by Lebanese filmmaker Mohamed Soueid. Drawn from footage gathered over eighteen years, this deeply personal experimental documentary engages the wounds of war, yearnings of love and obsessions of cinophilia. Soueid organizes his work through a somnambular conceit: that by telling him bedtime stories, his friends might help him fall asleep. This pretext serves as a container for a form of compulsive storytelling whose intimate emotional textures are threaded with melancholy and nostalgia. Insomnia of a Serial Dreamer explores the possibility of a curative cinema—one whose attitude to the past is not to stabilize or hermetically seal it away—but to materialize the imprecisions and uncertainties of collective memory through the cinematic medium as a form of social relation.
Caracterização dos casos de suicídio da região de Bauru/SP
Authors: Castro Ana Carolina de , Delgallo William Davila , Franzolin Solange de Oliveira Braga
Published: September 2022

O presente estudo é um levantamento descritivo retrospectivo que objetivou a caracterização dos casos de suicídio da região de Bauru/SP, no período de 2015 a 2017. Foram analisados o perfil epidemiológico, data de ocorrência, métodos utilizados e a relação entre álcool e drogas com o cometimento de suicídio. Os dados foram obtidos através dos laudos do Instituto Médico Legal e apontaram que o maior índice de suicídio ocorre entre homens (78,9%), indivíduos de cor branca (68,3%), com faixa etária referente aos adultos jovens (44,7%), solteiros (41,5%), com nível de escolaridade Fundamental II (47,7%), ocupação referente a trabalhadores de serviços, vendedores do comércio em lojas e mercados. Não foi encontrada uma relação entre suicídio e dias da semana e/ou meses do ano. Não houve variação significativa entre o número de casos por ano no decorrer do período. O método mais utilizado para ambos os sexos foi o enforcamento (69,1%). Foi encontrada uma alta porcentagem de uso de drogas de abuso, álcool e medicamentos relacionados ao tratamento de transtornos mentais (38,2%). A compilação e análise desses dados podem auxiliar na elaboração de programas de prevenção ao suicídio e direcionamento de medidas protetivas.
Suicídio de jovens no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, estudo epidemiológico, toxicológico e transversal entre 2017 e 2019
Authors: Franck Maria Cristina , Monteiro Maristela Goldnadel , Limberger Renata Pereira
Published: September 2022

O conhecimento acerca do perfil das vítimas jovens de suicídio no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) faz-se necessário para o enfrentamento desse grave problema de saúde pública. Nesse trabalho, foram avaliados todos os laudos periciais e ocorrências policiais relacionados ao suicídio na faixa de 15 a 29 anos ocorridos entre 2017 e 2019 no RS. O estudo foi descritivo e transversal, incluindo análise de correspondência múltipla, modelos de regressão logística (α=0,05) e pesquisa de novas substâncias psicoativas (NSP) em amostras forenses de sangue. Ao total, suicidaram-se 725 jovens no RS, com uma taxa média de 9,5 casos/100 mil habitantes/ano e aumento de 28,7% de 2018 para 2019. A maior frequência de casos foi registrada na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e as maiores taxas, na região norte do estado. As vítimas jovens mostraram uma razão de chances 3,1 vezes maior de serem da raça parda (versus raça branca); 2,5 vezes maior de o suicídio ocorrer durante a noite (versus turno da manhã); 2,1 vezes maior de apresentarem ausência parental; 1,5 vezes maior de não apresentarem antecedentes criminais; 1,9 vezes maior da presença de substâncias ilícitas e 3,4 vezes maior da ausência de medicamentos. A detecção de etanol ocorreu em 28,4% das amostras analisadas; de medicamentos, em 19,7% e de alguma substância ilícita, em 22,3%. Não houve associação (p=0,394) entre as NSP e os jovens que se suicidaram no RS. Os dados apresentados auxiliam na compreensão desse agravo, direcionando novas pesquisas e subsidiando a elaboração de medidas preventivas.