bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of abamectin and fipronil insecticides on the brain and compound eyes of the embryo of Heteracris littoralis (Rambur) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Abdel Rahman Khaled Mohamed
Published: June 2023

Chemical pesticides are essentially hazardous. The risks differ from compound to compound, and much of the information on their actions on insect development remains to be captured. The toxicity of abamectin (a macrocyclic lactone, acting on glutamate-gated chloride channels of insects), and fipronil (a phenylpyrazole, disrupting the GABA receptors) was given on embryos of the short-horned grasshopper Heteracris littoralis (Rambur, 1838) for the first time. Abamectin is 66 times more fatal than fipronil. Treated eggs with a sublethal dose gave a reduction up to 51% in hatchability as compared with normal eggs; yet, without any effect on the incubation period. Many embryos have stopped developing at certain developmental stages. The disruptive effects of both the tested chemicals on the brain and the compound eyes were described. The brain and the compound eyes were severely disrupted. The optic lobes appear small in size, and this led to the malformed compound eyes and optic nerves. The brain cells appeared loose and perhaps few in number. The neurosecretory materials carried in the neurosecretory cells were not clear. The neuropil was wide in the normal brain rather than in treated ones. Treated embryos suffered a shrinkage in ommatidia size and number, they are also irregular. Perhaps continued and precise studies should be made to minimize resistance, usually low doses enhance. Continuing studies on the tested pesticides may provide novel insights on their actions for more effective insect control strategies.
An active Indonesian male smoker with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax: A case report
Authors: Kudiarto  , Koesoemoprodjo Winariani
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction

Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) is a rare disease that accumulates air in the pleural cavity caused by complications from previous illnesses.

Case presentation

An Indonesian male, 59 years old, complained of breathlessness and chest pain. The patient was examined for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and not detected. Chest X-ray and thorax high-resolution computer tomography (HRCT) scan showed SSP and centrilobular emphysema in the left hemithorax. The patient underwent water seal drainage (WSD) installation on the left lung and experienced improvement and was followed up every month in the outpatient clinic.

Clinical discussion

Diagnosis of SSP is based on age, gender, smoker, and radiological description. WSD installation in the left lung showed improvement and did not experience recurrence because several cases were reported to have been repaired without surgery.

Conclusion

Conservative management is the first recommendation in the SSP case if it increases the prognosis without surgery.

Highlights
Self-Reported Injuries in Indoor Gym-Based Rock Climbers: A Retrospective Study of Predictors of Prolonged Injury and Seeking Medical Care
Authors: Leung Jonathan , Petrin Ziva , Southern William
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Indoor climbing injuries are often related to overuse, and climbers choose between self-management and seeing a medical practitioner. This study evaluated predictors of prolonged injury and seeking medical care for indoor climbing injuries.

Methods

A convenience sample of adult climbers from 5 gyms in New York City was interviewed about injuries over the past 3 y, because of which they stopped climbing for at least a week or saw a medical practitioner.

Results

In total, 122 of 284 (43%) participants had at least 1 injury, for a total of 158 injuries. Fifty (32%) were prolonged, lasting at least 12 wk. Predictors of prolonged injury included older age (odds ratio [OR], 2.28, per 10-y increase; 95% CI, 1.31–3.96), hours per week spent climbing (OR, 1.14, per 1-h increase; 95% CI, 1.06–1.24), climbing difficulty (OR, 2.19, per difficulty group increase; 95% CI, 1.31–3.66), and years of climbing experience (OR, 3.99, per 5-y increase; 95% CI, 1.61–9.84). Only 38% of injuries were seen by a medical practitioner. Predictors of seeking care included prolonged injury (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.39–6.64) and rope climbing preference (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.02–3.82). The most common theme for seeking care was serious pain or interference with climbing or daily activities.

Conclusions

Despite prolonged injuries being common, especially in older, more experienced, and higher-level climbers, only a third of climbers with injuries seek medical care. Outside of injuries causing minimal pain or limitation, those who self-managed reported receiving advice from other climbers or online research as a prominent reason for that choice.
Memes, History and Emotional Life
Authors: Barclay Katie , Downing Leanne
Published: June 2023

Internet memes are recognised for their role in creating community through shared humour or in-group cultural knowledge. One category of meme uses historical art pieces, coupled with short texts or dialogue, as a form of social commentary on both past and present. These memes often rely on a (mis)reading of the emotions of those represented in such artwork for humorous purposes. As such, they provide an important example of transhistorical engagement between contemporary society and past artifacts centred on the nature of emotion. This Element explores the historical art meme as a key cultural form that offers insight into contemporary online emotional cultures and the ways that historical emotions enable and inform the practices of such culture. It particularly attends to humour as a mode which helps to mediate the disjuncture between past and present emotion and which enables historical emotion to 'do' political and community-building work amongst meme users.
Nísia Floresta
Authors: Pugliese Nastassja
Published: June 2023

This Element presents the philosophical contributions of Nísia Floresta, a feminist philosopher of education from the 19th century in early post-colonial Brazil, who defended abolition and indigenous rights. Focusing on five central works (Direitos, Lágrima, Opúsculo, Páginas, and Woman), it shows them connected by a critique of colonialism grounded on feminist principles. Influenced by the practical Cartesianism of Poulain de la Barre through the pamphlets of Sophia, Floresta applies to the social structures the feminist principle that reason has no gender, arguing that a nation's civilizational level depends on whether natural equality is expressed in terms of social rights. Describing the suffering experienced by women, indigenous people, and the black enslaved population, she defends education as a strategy against colonialism. As such, education should aim towards physical and intellectual emancipation, restoring the lost dignity of individuals. Floresta's works thus foreground slavery and colonization as events that shaped philosophical modernity.
Toward a Criminology of Terrorism
Authors: LaFree Gary
Published: June 2023

The study of terrorism represents one of the major turning points in criminology of the twenty-first century. In the space of just two decades, research on terrorism and political extremism went from a relatively uncommon niche to a widely recognized criminological specialization. Terrorism research now appears in nearly all mainstream criminology journals; college courses on terrorism and political violence have been added to the curricula of most criminology departments; and a growing number of criminology students are choosing terrorism as a suitable topic for class papers, research topics, theses and dissertations. The purpose of this book is to explore similarities and differences between terrorism and more ordinary forms of crime. This Element considers the ways that criminology has contributed to the study of terrorism and the impact the increasing interest in terrorism has had on criminology. This Element also provides empirical comparisons of terrorist attacks to more ordinary crimes and criminal offenders. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Trends in 2-1-1 Calls During Public Health Emergencies, Overall and By Gender: Hurricane Irma and COVID-19 in Broward County, Florida
Authors: Landis Rachel K. , Fischer Shira H. , Acosta Joie , Faherty Laura J.
Published: June 2023

Trends in 2-1-1 calls reflect evolving community needs during public health emergencies (PHEs). The study examined how changes in 2-1-1 call volume after 2 PHEs (Hurricane Irma and the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic declaration) in Broward County, Florida, varied by PHE type and whether variations differed by gender and over time. Examining 2-1-1 calls during June to December 2016, June to December 2017, and March 2019 to April 2021, this study measured changes in call volume post-PHEs using interrupted time series analysis. Hurricane Irma and the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with increases in call volume (+81 calls/d and +84 calls/d, respectively). Stratified by gender, these PHEs were associated with larger absolute increases for women (+66 and +57 calls/d vs +15 and +27 calls/d for men) but larger percent increases above their baseline for men (+143% and +174% vs +119% and +138% for women). Calls by women remained elevated longer after Hurricane Irma (5 wk vs 1 wk), but the opposite pattern was observed after the pandemic declaration (8 vs 21 wk). PHEs reduce gender differences in help-seeking around health-related social needs. Findings demonstrate the utility of 2-1-1 call data for monitoring and responding to evolving community needs in the PHE context.
Characteristics of wind turbine wakes for different blade designs
Authors: Dong Guodan , Qin Jianhua , Li Zhaobin , Yang Xiaolei
Published: June 2023

In this work, we investigate the characteristics of wind turbine wakes for three different blade designs (i.e. the NREL-Ori, NREL-Root and NREL-Tip designs, where the NREL-Ori refers to the baseline offshore 5 MW wind turbine designed by the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory) under turbulent inflows using large-eddy simulations with the actuator surface model. The load on the blade is higher near the blade root/tip for the NREL-Root/NREL-Tip designs when compared with the NREL-Ori design, while their thrust coefficients are the same. The results show that the blade designs influence the velocity deficit in the near wake, turbulence kinetic energy and wake meandering (both amplitude and frequency). In the near-wake region, the magnitude of the velocity deficit from the NREL-Root design is higher. As for the turbulence kinetic energy, its maximum in the near wake is higher for the NREL-Tip design, while in the far wake, it is higher for the NREL-Root design. Analyses of the instantaneous spanwise wake centre positions show higher meandering amplitude for the NREL-Root design, with the magnitudes of the low-frequency components approximately the same as the other two designs under the same inflow. The dominant meandering frequencies from different designs are different, with lower values for the NREL-Root design for which the vortex structures near the hub of low frequency play leading roles, and higher values for the NREL-Tip design for which the flow structures of high frequency in the tip shear layer are more important.
The emergence of lower-alcohol beverages: The case of beer
Authors: Anderson Kym
Published: June 2023

Another quiet revolution is taking place in the alcoholic beverage markets: a trend toward lower-alcohol and even no-alcohol beverages, especially in the world's higher-income countries. This new trend adds to the long-term consumer trend in affluent countries of substituting quality for quantity in many of their purchases (premiumization), which, in the case of alcoholic beverages, has been driven largely by a desire for a healthier lifestyle. More-affluent consumers also desire a greater variety than is typically available from large producers of regular products, which has led to a craft beverage revolution. Both desires—for lower-alcohol beverages and a greater variety of quality offerings—are driving this so-called low- or no-alcohol revolution. The trend is just beginning to show up in wine (and spirits) markets, but it began developing much earlier in beer markets. The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent of the latter and the consumer forces behind it. Since Australian brewers are leading the way globally in building various Lo-No beer categories, and thereby contributing substantially to lowering that nation's alcohol consumption, its trends are highlighted and compared with global trends. The paper concludes by drawing out lessons and prospects for lower-alcohol beer and wine.
A comparative analysis of the chromosomes of three FARQ species complex members,Ceratitis rosa,C. quilicii, andC. fasciventrisF2 (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Drosopoulou Elena , Gariou-Papalexiou Angeliki , Gouvi Georgia , Augustinos Antonios A. , Bourtzis Kostas , Zacharopoulou Antigone
Published: June 2023

TheCeratitisFARQ species complex consists of four highly destructive agricultural pests of Africa, namelyC. fasciventris,C. anonae,C. rosa, andC. quilicii. The members of the complex are considered very closely related and the species limits among them are rather obscure. Their economic significance and the need for developing biological methods for their control makes species identification within the complex an important issue, which has become clear that can only be addressed by multidisciplinary approaches. Chromosomes, both mitotic and polytene, can provide a useful tool for species characterization and phylogenetic inference among closely related dipteran species. In the current study, we present the mitotic karyotype and the polytene chromosomes ofC. rosaandC. quiliciitogether within situhybridization data. We performed a comparative cytogenetic analysis among the above two species andC. fasciventris, the only other cytogenetically studied member of the FARQ complex, by comparing the mitotic complement and the banding pattern of the polytene chromosomes of each species to the others, as well as by studying the polytene chromosomes of hybrids between them. Our analysis revealed no detectable chromosomal rearrangements discriminating the three FARQ members studied, confirming their close phylogenetic relationships.
Uncertainty management in regulatory and health technology assessment decision-making on drugs: guidance of the HTAi-DIA Working Group
Authors: Hogervorst Milou Amber , Vreman Rick , Heikkinen Inkatuuli , Bagchi Indranil , Gutierrez-Ibarluzea Inaki , Ryll Bettina , Eichler Hans-Georg , Petelos Elena , Tunis Sean , Sapede Claudine , Goettsch Wim , Janssens Rosanne , Huys Isabelle , Barbier Liese , DeJean Deirdre , Strammiello Valentina , Lingri Dimitra , Goodall Melinda , Papadaki Magdalini , Toussi Massoud , Voulgaraki Despina , Mitan Ania , Oortwijn Wija
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Uncertainty is a fundamental component of decision making regarding access to and pricing and reimbursement of drugs. The context-specific interpretation and mitigation of uncertainty remain major challenges for decision makers. Following the 2021 HTAi Global Policy Forum, a cross-sectoral, interdisciplinary HTAi-DIA Working Group (WG) was initiated to develop guidance to support stakeholder deliberation on the systematic identification and mitigation of uncertainties in the regulatory-HTA interface.

Methods

Six online discussions among WG members (Dec 2021–Sep 2022) who examined the output of a scoping review, two literature-based case studies and a survey; application of the initial guidance to a real-world case study; and two international conference panel discussions.

Results

The WG identified key concepts, clustered into twelve building blocks that were collectively perceived to define uncertainty: “unavailable,” “inaccurate,” “conflicting,” “not understandable,” “random variation,” “information,” “prediction,” “impact,” “risk,” “relevance,” “context,” and “judgment.” These were converted into a checklist to explain and define whether any issue constitutes a decision-relevant uncertainty. A taxonomy of domains in which uncertainty may exist within the regulatory-HTA interface was developed to facilitate categorization. The real-world case study was used to demonstrate how the guidance may facilitate deliberation between stakeholders and where additional guidance development may be needed.

Conclusions

The systematic approach taken for the identification of uncertainties in this guidance has the potential to facilitate understanding of uncertainty and its management across different stakeholders involved in drug development and evaluation. This can improve consistency and transparency throughout decision processes. To further support uncertainty management, linkage to suitable mitigation strategies is necessary.
Myhre syndrome: expanding its paediatric phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Brunet-Garcia Laia , Prada Martínez Fredy Hermógenes , Carretero Bellon Juan Manuel
Published: June 2023

Myhre syndrome is a rare disease secondary to pathogenic variants in SMAD4 gene. It is a multisystem disease characterised by short stature, deafness, joint stiffness, craniofacial dysmorphism, and potential cardiac manifestations. Herein, we report two new paediatric cases of Myhre syndrome who, additionally, presented with mid-aortic syndrome. This confirms and extends the scarce reports describing the association between these two entities.
What Is a Crisis? Perspectives of Crisis Support Help-Seekers
Authors: O’Riordan Megan , Rickwood Debra , Curll Sonia
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Background: Understanding what types of crises help-seekers view as relevant for contacting crisis support services is needed to inform crisis service provision and training. Aims: This study aimed to explore help-seeker perceptions of what comprises a crisis, describing the main themes and examining how these relate to reasons for contact reported in previous research. This study further aimed to compare perceptions of what comprises a crisis between suicide-related and nonsuicide-related help-seekers. Method: As part of a larger online survey, Lifeline help-seekers ( n = 375) responded to an open-ended question about their perceptions of personal crisis. Results: Thematic analysis identified 15 crisis themes. The most endorsed by all participants were family and relationship issues, mental health issues, and assault/trauma. Suicide-related help-seekers were more likely to identify suicidality as a crisis, whereas nonsuicide-related help-seekers were more likely to identify general life stress as a crisis. Limitations: The self-selected convenience sample limits generalizability. Conclusion: Help-seekers perceive crisis as a complex concept comprising many themes, with some similarities and differences between suicide-related and nonsuicide-related help-seekers. The findings may inform crisis helplines in promoting and tailoring their services to better meet user needs.
Children’s visual acuity tests without professional supervision: a prospective repeated measures study
Authors: Osborne Daniel , Steele Aimee , Evans Megan , Ellis Helen , Pancholi Roshni , Harding Tomos , Dee Jessica , Leary Rachel , Bradshaw Jeremy , O’Flynn Elizabeth , Self Jay E.
Published: June 2023

Background

Home visual acuity tests could ease pressure on ophthalmic services by facilitating remote review of patients. Home tests may have further utility in giving service users frequent updates of vision outcomes during therapy, identifying vision problems in an asymptomatic population, and engaging stakeholders in therapy.

Methods

Children attending outpatient clinics had visual acuity measured 3 times at the same appointment: Once by a registered orthoptist per clinical protocols, once by an orthoptist using a tablet-based visual acuity test (iSight Test Pro, Kay Pictures), and once by an unsupervised parent/carer using the tablet-based test.

Results

In total, 42 children were recruited to the study. The mean age was 5.6 years (range 3.3 to 9.3 years). Median and interquartile ranges (IQR) for clinical standard, orthoptic-led and parent/carer-led iSight Test Pro visual acuity measurements were 0.155 (0.18 IQR), 0.180 (0.26 IQR), and 0.300 (0.33 IQR) logMAR respectively. The iSight Test Pro in the hands of parents/carers was significantly different from the standard of care measurements (P = 0.008). In the hands of orthoptists. There was no significant difference between orthoptists using the iSight Test Pro and standard of care (P = 0.289), nor between orthoptist iSight Test Pro and parents/carer iSight Test Pro measurements (P = 0.108).

Conclusion

This technique of unsupervised visual acuity measures for children is not comparable to clinical measures and is unlikely to be valuable to clinical decision making. Future work should focus on improving the accuracy of the test through better training, equipment/software or supervision/support.
Mental health problems and resilience in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in a post-armed conflict area in Colombia
Authors: Gómez-Restrepo Carlos , Sarmiento-Suárez María José , Alba-Saavedra Magda , Calvo-Valderrama María Gabriela , Rincón-Rodríguez Carlos Javier , González-Ballesteros Lina María , Bird Victoria , Priebe Stefan , van Loggerenberg Francois
Published: June 2023

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of adolescents are emerging and require particular attention in settings where challenges like armed conflict, poverty and internal displacement have previously affected their mental wellbeing. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptomatology, probable post-traumatic stress disorder and resilience in school-attending adolescents in a post-conflict area of Tolima, Colombia during the COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 657 adolescents from 12 to 18 years old, recruited by convenience sampling in 8 public schools in the south of Tolima, Colombia, who completed a self-administered questionnaire. Mental health information was obtained through screening scales for anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), depressive symptomatology (PHQ-8), probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PCL-5) and resilience (CD-RISC-25). The prevalence observed for moderate to severe anxiety symptoms was 18.9% (95% CI 16.0–22.1) and for moderate to severe depressive symptomatology was 30.0% (95% CI 26.5–33.7). A prevalence of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of 22.3% (95% CI 18.1–27.2) was found. The CD-RISC-25 results for resilience had a median score of 54 [IQR 30]. These results suggest that approximately two-thirds of school-attending adolescents in this post-conflict area experienced at least one mental health problem such as anxiety symptoms, depressive symptomatology or probable PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies are of interest to establish the causal relationship between these findings and the impact of the pandemic. These findings highlight the challenge that schools have after pandemic to address the mental health of their students in order to promoting adequate coping strategies and implement prompt multidisciplinary interventions to reduce the burden of mental health problems in adolescents.
Affective state estimation based on Russell’s model and physiological measurements
Authors: Cittadini Roberto , Tamantini Christian , Scotto di Luzio Francesco , Lauretti Clemente , Zollo Loredana , Cordella Francesca
Published: June 2023

Affective states are psycho-physiological constructs connecting mental and physiological processes. They can be represented in terms of arousal and valence according to the Russel’s model and can be extracted from physiological changes in human body. However, a well-established optimal feature set and a classification method effective in terms of accuracy and estimation time are not present in the literature. This paper aims at defining a reliable and efficient approach for real-time affective state estimation. To obtain this, the optimal physiological feature set and the most effective machine learning algorithm, to cope with binary as well as multi-class classification problems, were identified. ReliefF feature selection algorithm was implemented to define a reduced optimal feature set. Supervised learning algorithms, such as K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), cubic and gaussian Support Vector Machine, and Linear Discriminant Analysis, were implemented to compare their effectiveness in affective state estimation. The developed approach was tested on physiological signals acquired on 20 healthy volunteers during the administration of images, belonging to the International Affective Picture System, conceived for inducing different affective states. ReliefF algorithm reduced the number of physiological features from 23 to 13. The performances of machine learning algorithms were compared and the experimental results showed that both accuracy and estimation time benefited from the optimal feature set use. Furthermore, the KNN algorithm resulted to be the most suitable for affective state estimation. The results of the assessment of arousal and valence states on 20 participants indicate that KNN classifier, adopted with the 13 identified optimal features, is the most effective approach for real-time affective state estimation.
Evaluating nanoparticle localisation in glioblastoma multicellular tumour spheroids by surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: McCabe Samantha M. , Wallace Gregory Q. , Sloan-Dennison Sian , Tipping William J. , Shand Neil C. , Graham Duncan , Boyd Marie , Faulds Karen
Published: June 2023

Combining SERS and immunohistochemistry provides greater insight into how AuNPs distribute inin vitro3D MTS models.
Solution-phase synthesis of group 3–5 transition metal chalcogenide inorganic nanomaterials
Authors: Zilevu Daniel , Creutz Sidney E.
Published: June 2023

This article summarizes known routes to colloidal nanomaterials incorporating early transition metals and sulfides or selenides, including chalcogenide perovskites.
A genuine germylene PGeP pincer ligand for formic acid dehydrogenation with iridium
Authors: Fernández-Buenestado Marta , Somerville Rosie J. , López-Serrano Joaquín , Campos Jesús
Published: June 2023

The germylene form of an iridium ‘NHC-type’ PGeP system is accessed and catalyzes the dehydrogenation of formic acid.
Asymmetric iminium ion-catalyzed conjugate addition of 2-hydroxycinnamaldehydes and 2-oxocarboxylic esters: synthesis of chiral polysubstituted bridged bicyclic ketals
Authors: Ming Yong-Chao , Lv Xue-Jiao , Chen Ying-Han , Liu Yan-Kai
Published: June 2023

A highly regio-, chemo-, and stereoselective cascade process initiated by enantioselective iminium-catalyzed conjugate addition of 2-hydroxycinnamaldehydes and 2-oxocarboxylic esters is reported to prepare bridged bicyclic ketals rather than acetals.
Two new manganese-based phosphomolybdate compounds as electrochemical sensors for the highly sensitive trace determination of heavy metal Cr(vi) ions
Authors: Wang Jinling , Liu Xiaohui , Chang Zhihan , Xu Na , Wang Xiuli
Published: June 2023

Two manganese-based phosphomolybdate compounds 1–2 have been prepared by hydrothermal method. Compound 1–2 are used as electrochemical sensors with a low limits of detection and good selectivity for trace determination of Cr(vi) ions.
Formation and fragmentation of 2-hydroxyethylhydrazinium nitrate (HEHN) cluster ions: a combined electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, molecular dynamics and reaction potential surface study
Authors: Zhou Wenjing , Liu Jianbo , Chambreau Steven D. , Vaghjiani Ghanshyam L.
Published: June 2023

The 2-hydroxyethylhydrazinium nitrate ([HOCH2CH2NH2NH2]+NO3−, HEHN) ionic liquid has the potential to power both electric and chemical thrusters and provide a wider range of specific impulse needs.
Introduction to Plastic Conversion
Authors: Vollmer Ina , Sardon Haritz , Huber George W. , Li Zhibo
Published: June 2023

Guest Editors Ina Vollmer, Haritz Sardon, George W. Huber and Zhibo Li introduce the Catalysis Science & Technology and Polymer Chemistry cross-journal themed collection on plastic conversion.
Transformations in crystals of DNA-functionalized nanoparticles by electrolytes
Authors: John-Erik Reinertsen Roger , Jiménez-Ángeles Felipe , Kewalramani Sumit , Bedzyk Michael , Olvera de la Cruz Monica
Published: June 2023

Colloidal crystals of DNA-coated nanoparticles transition from face-centered cubic to body-centered cubic structures with increasing salinity; this transition is concurrent with salt-induced dehydration of the grafted DNA.
Classification of gaseous UF6 assay by femtosecond LIBS in the 424.4 nm spectral region using numerical HOGSVD-DTW features
Authors: Jordan Benjamin S. , Thomason Michael G. , Readle Jason D. , Cooper Jeffrey R. , Hayward Jason P. , Hall Howard L.
Published: June 2023

This technical note presents experimental results using numerical features of fs-LIBS data to classify the assay value of a gaseous UF6 material.
Improved methodology for damping sub‐synchronous oscillation in a series‐compensated DFIG‐based wind farm
Authors: Abdeen Mohamed , Ali Mohammed Hamouda , Soliman Ahmed Mohammed Attiya , Eslami Mahdiyeh , Kamel Salah
Published: June 2023

The interaction between the wind farm and the series‐compensated transmission line may lead to the sub‐synchronous oscillation (SSO) phenomenon which affects the system stability and equipment safety. Among the presented methods for damping the SSO phenomenon, the supplementary damping controller (SDC) is the most prevalent method because of its low cost, effectiveness, and simplicity. In all previous studies, one input control signal is fed to the SDC for mitigating the SSO. Here, two input control signals (active power and reactive power deviation) are applied to the SDC for enhancing the system stability and damping the SSO quickly. The ability of the proposed method for damping the SSO has not been investigated before. The proposed SDC is embedded into the q‐axis of the rotor‐side converter (RSC) inner current loop. The modified IEEE first benchmark model (FBM) is used to analyze the performance of the proposed method under different compensation levels, variable wind speeds, and sub‐synchronous control interaction (SSCI). Small‐signal stability using the eigenvalue approach is carried out, where the impact of the proposed method on sub‐synchronous mode, and super‐synchronous mode is investigated. The results successfully prove the superiority of the proposed method for damping the SSO under various operating conditions compared to some previous methods, where the least overshoot and faster convergence have been achieved by the proposed method in all studied cases.
Surface flashover in 50 years: Theoretical models and competing mechanisms
Authors: Li Zhen , Liu Ji , Ohki Yoshimichi , Chen George , Gao He , Li Shengtao
Published: June 2023

Surface flashover is a devastating electronic avalanche along the gas–solid interface when a high electric field is applied, which is a potential issue that threatens the safe operations of advanced power electronic, electrical, and spacecraft applications. However, the underlying physical mechanisms for surface flashover development are still under investigation owing to the complex charge transport processes through the gas phase, solid phase, and gas–solid interface. In this study, the history of surface flashover theory in the last 50 years is introduced, and several key questions are reviewed from the perspective of the competing mechanisms of charge transport: the role of each phase in a surface flashover, the origin of surface charging, and effects of traps in solid on surface flashover. Then, some suggestions involve charge transport processes in each phase, and their correlations are put forward, and a predictable ‘charge transport competitive flashover model’ is proposed by clarifying the competing mechanisms of charge transport processes through multiple phases. This study summarises the history and hot topics of physical mechanisms of surface flashover proposed based on classic and recent progress and offers promising routes for developing a more precise surface flashover theory and improving surface flashover performances.
Machine learning‐based LoRa localisation using multiple received signal features
Authors: Islam Khondoker Ziaul , Murray David , Diepeveen Dean , Jones Michael G. K. , Sohel Ferdous
Published: June 2023

Low‐power localisation systems are crucial for machine‐to‐machine communication technologies. This article investigates LoRa technology for localisation using multiple features of the received signal, such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Spreading Factors (SF), and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). A novel range‐based technique to estimate the distance of a target node from a LoRa gateway using machine‐learning models that incorporates SF, SNR, and RSSI to train the models is proposed. A modified trilateration approach is then used to localise the target node from three gateways. Our experiment used three LoRaWAN gateways and two sensor nodes, on a sports oval with an approximate area coverage of 30,000 square metres. The authors also used a public LoRaWAN dataset to build a model test the proposed method and compare both range‐based distance mapping with trilateration and fingerprint‐based direct location estimation techniques. Our method achieved an average distance error of 43.97 m on our experimental dataset. The results show that the combination of RSSI, SNR, and SF‐based distance mapping provides ∼10% improvement on ranging accuracy and 26.58% higher accuracy for trilateration‐based localisation when compared with just using RSSI. Our method also achieved 50% superior localisation accuracy with fingerprint‐based direct location estimation approaches.
Modeling of ternary mixture of VOCs in photocatalytic oxidation reactor for indoor air quality application
Authors: Malayeri Mojtaba , Haghighat Fariborz , Nasiri Fuzhan
Published: June 2023

Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) is an innovative method of removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor air. PCO technology employs a semiconductor (such as TiO2) and ultraviolet light to decompose VOCs via successive oxidation processes and creates CO2 and H2O as the ultimate products of complete mineralization. The greatest drawback of this technology is, however, the production of hazardous by-products. The possible health risk posed by hazardous by-products inhibits the commercial adoption of PCO-based air purifiers in the indoor environment. Modeling is a powerful tool to address the chemical interaction and mass transfer phenomenon in the PCO reactor. This study presents the modeling of a ternary mixture of VOCs and generated by-products using a proposed degradation reaction pathway. A one-dimensional mathematical model by considering the axially dispersed plug flow and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) based reaction rate as well as linear source spherical emission model (LSSE) for the irradiation distribution on the media surface were used for modeling of VOCs and by-products. Three VOCs from different chemical groups (aldehyde, ketone, aromatic groups) were chosen as challenge compounds, and a commercial PCO filter (TiO2 coated on silica fiber felts) was considered as a photocatalyst. The model prediction was performed at different levels of concentration (0.1–1 ppm), relative humidity (15–70%), air velocity (0.016–0.1 m/s), and light intensity (7–23W/m2). Among generated by-products, aldehydes were the major by-products of VOCs in the PCO reactor. It was revealed that increasing concentration and irradiation, as well as decreasing relative humidity and velocity, increases by-product generation.
The post-renovation indoor environmental quality in a research institute: 3D visualization in the map
Authors: Lee Jong-Won , Lee Gyu-Bae , Lee Seung-Eon , Jeong Jae‐Weon
Published: June 2023

This study aims to evaluate and analyse how a renovation impacts occupant satisfaction through a pre-and post-occupancy evaluation with physical measurements and occupant satisfaction survey. The study was performed for the HVAC renovation of a research institute in Korea. Online occupant survey was conducted in 2021 winter before renovation and in 2022 summer after renovation. Both surveys were performed by using Korean Building Occupant Survey System (K-BOSS) which is integrated building open data including spatial information. The physical measurements through sensors were conducted simultaneously with surveys. In terms of sensor measurement, representative IEQ factors such as temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, and illuminance were measured. The surveys included three main indoor environmental quality categories such as thermal comfort, air quality, lighting environment. The measured results were analysed via T-test. As a result, the study found a statistically significant improvement with HVAC renovation about relative humidity in physical measurements and thermal comfort, air quality, overall occupant satisfaction in the survey. The results are displayed in the 3D (three dimensional) indoor map to help intuitively view gap between pre- and post-occupancy evaluation. Overall, the pre- and post-occupation evaluation survey analyses supported the beneficial effects of IEQ in the renovated building. In conclusion, the study provides a thorough examination of the effect on occupant satisfaction with IEQ of the data-driven changes collected from pre- and post-occupancy evaluation surveys.
Image Generation Technique of Indoor Temperature Distribution Using Transposed Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ikeda Hiroki , Matsuda Yuki , Ooka Ryozo
Published: June 2023

It is important to maintain a comfortable indoor thermal environment because people spend most of their time in buildings. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications can not only simulate the indoor environment under various boundary conditions but also visualize analysis results as contour plots to help humans understand them easily. However, calculations are required for each boundary condition, and a significant amount of time is required to obtain the results. In recent years, artificial intelligence has been utilized in various fields, including image processing technology. Generating temperature distribution images using artificial intelligence instead of CFD analysis is expected to reduce the number of CFD cases and time required for preliminary studies. In this study, a transposed convolutional neural network was used to generate a model for the fast prediction of indoor temperature distribution, and case studies were conducted using a combination of training data. Consequently, it was confirmed that by appropriately selecting 108 out of 300 data points arranged in a grid, a model that predicts temperature distribution with generally good accuracy was generated for the untrained data.
Measurement of heat transfer characteristics by a child manikin with embedded cyclic temperature control
Authors: Tsuruta Yoshihiko , Sakoi Tomonori , Kurazumi Yoshihito
Published: June 2023

Thermal manikin is an effective tool to study the heat transfer between the human body and the surrounding environment. Combining the heat transfer characteristics with a human-body thermal model enables the detailed analysis of the interaction of the human body and the surrounding thermal environment. Most thermal manikins adopt steady surface temperature control. However, this control method can evaluate the heat transfer coefficient only in a uniform thermal environment while daily thermal environments are non-uniform. In the present study, a theory for cyclic control method is proposed to determine the heat transfer characteristics in a non-uniform environment. A new child-shaped thermal manikin with embedded the cyclic control method is developed. The theory to determine heat transfer characteristics is verified in both uniform and non-uniform thermal environments by using the developed thermal manikin.
Indoor environmental quality satisfaction in Australian hotels and serviced apartments
Authors: Zhang Fan , Seshadri Karthick , Pattupogula Devi Vara Prasad , Chandana Badrinath , Liu Shichao
Published: June 2023

Tourism is Australia's fourth-largest exporting sector, yet little research has been done on how satisfied guests are with the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of Australian guest homes. This research project utilized web-mining, natural language processing and sentiment analysis to analyse customers' IEQ satisfaction in Australian tourist accommodations across ten tourism cities. By analysing 543,213 guest reviews from 1,397 hotels and serviced apartments with two-stars and above at the Booking.com, guests' text comments were classified by semi-supervised word-embedding based models into nine IEQ dimensions. Using a bespoke deep sequence model, sentiment polarities were found, and sentiment scores were computed to estimate the degree of IEQ satisfaction. Results showed that guests were most dissatisfied with facilities, cleanliness and maintenance, and acoustics. As the buildings' star ratings increased, dissatisfaction towards thermal environment, indoor air quality (IAQ), and acoustics decreased. Some IEQ dimensions displayed seasonal trends in customer dissatisfaction. The main sources of dissatisfaction with the thermal environment, IAQ, lighting, and acoustics were identified.
Study on insulation retrofitting based on thermal environment and the CASBEE health checklist evaluation
Authors: Takahashi Toru , Rijal Hom B. , Bogaki Kazuaki
Published: June 2023

The Carbon Neutral Declaration has been issued in Japan and various initiatives are introducing to realise it, but in the housing sector it is essential to improve the energy efficiency of the stock of over 50 million homes. However, the progress of insulation retrofitting is slow. In particular, there are many challenges in implementing insulation retrofitting in condominiums, including the requirements of residents consent. This study aims to clarify that thermal environment data and the Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE) health checklist for motivating thermal insulation retrofitting and to support the effectiveness of this approach.

The thermal environment data compares energy consumption and room temperature before and after the retrofit and quantifies the effect of the retrofit. The CASBEE health checklist displays health characteristics and health rankings for each room and health factor by answering 50 questions about the indoor environment in winter. These are considered to visualise the effects of the renovation of respondents' homes and enable them to realise the need for renovation. This method was applied to Ta housing complex in Kanagawa prefecture and X housing complex in Tokyo, where insulation retrofitting had already been carried out, and an attempt was made to verify the effectiveness of the method by comparing the environmental improvements resulting from insulation retrofitting and the differences in residents' responses.

The results of the Ta complex showed that the room temperature was 20°C in the living room and 18°C or higher in the entrance hall, indicating that good environment had been achieved; the CASBEE health checklist also showed an improvement in health characteristics and health ranking in both the Ta and X complexes. The results suggest that the effects of retrofitting in terms of both physical and psychological health are significant. In the future, the results will be presented to the management associations of non-retrofitted dwellings and, in combination with experience sessions in retrofitted dwellings, will be verified as an effective motivational tool.
Individual thermal comfort differences in a Japanese condominium
Authors: Aqilah Naja , Rijal H.B , Yoshida Kazui
Published: June 2023

Thermal comfort and sensation for each person might be different and varies despite being exposed to the same indoor environment due to the differences of their physiological factors such as gender and age. Thus, it is more challenging to provide suitable thermal environment that can satisfy each individual in the building or in the same dwelling. However, only a few studies pursue and focus on investigating the effect of physiological factors on individual thermal comfort perception. A field measurement was conducted in a condominium from September 2015 until October 2016. The measured indoor air environment in each 46 selected dwellings and 17,026 votes from thermal comfort survey for each individual person involved were collected. Therefore, this study aims to examine the variation of indoor thermal environment and determine the factors for the differences in individual thermal comfort. Hence, we categorized the individual from all selected dwellings into several groups depending on the gender and age. The results showed that there is a variation of comfort indoor air temperatures. Thus, these results can be important in designing guideline for each type of building as different user groups most likely to have different expectation regarding indoor thermal environment.
The impacts of surface roughness on Indoor aerodynamics of virus-laden particles: The case of contact, deposition, and resuspension
Authors: Mohammed Alhaji Mohammed
Published: June 2023

The increasing prevalence and high morbidity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the COVID-19 pandemic drew widespread global attention. Surface contact is among the most common ways for the infection to spread within people, especially in buildings and the built environment. The roughness characteristics of finishing materials used in buildings vary, affecting the surface's ability to deposit and resuspend any particles that come into contact with these interfaces. Resuspension of particles indoors may increase the risk of consequent exposure through inhalation. However, little is known about surface roughness characteristics' role in airborne transmission of virus-laden particles in building indoor environments. The study examines the impact of surface roughness characteristics on the airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, considering indoor aerodynamic forces and their influence on particle contact with surfaces, deposition, and resuspension. The study applies Ansys Fluent CFD simulation tools to investigate the effect of volumetric flow rates and air velocity on concentration, deposition, and resuspension. The study also employs an empirical model to estimate surface roughness characteristics' impacts on particle resuspension rate. The results indicate that particle concentration and deposition rates indoors increase with increasing volumetric airflow rates. The particle resuspension rates also decreased with the increasing surface roughness of indoor surface materials. The highest resuspension rate recorded was 3.3 x 10-6, and the lowest was 1.6 x 10-6 s-1. Therefore, the outcome provides information on the implications of surface material selection and its effects on indoor air quality, health, and virus transmission. The study will offer valuable information for building engineering and design professionals in combating airborne disease transmission due to indoor surface characteristics.