bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confocal structured illumination microscopy for improving the signal-to-noise ratio and depth of fluorescent optical section imaging
Authors: Zhou Weishuai , Yao Manhong , Lin Xi , Yu Quan , Peng Junzheng , Zhong Jingang
Published: August 2024

Light scattering from the sample is an unavoidable problem in fluorescence imaging. Compared with laser scanning confocal scanning microscopy, although optical-sectioning structured illumination microscopy (OS-SIM) has the advantages of fast imaging speed and low phototoxicity, it faces the challenge of removing the scattering fluorescent noise particularly when imaging thick and densely labeled sampling. To improve the imaging performance of OS-SIM, we introduce the concept of confocal imaging to OS-SIM and propose confocal structured illumination microscopy (CSIM). CSIM exploits the principle of dual imaging to reconstruct a dual image from each camera pixel. The scattered fluorescent noise and the unscattered fluorescent signal recorded by the camera pixel are separated in the reconstructed dual image. By extracting the unscattered fluorescent signal from each dual image based on the conjugate relationship between the camera and the spatial light modulator, we can eliminate the scattered fluorescent noise and reconstruct a confocal image. We have built the theoretical framework of CSIM. Experimental results of fluorescent optical-sectioning demonstrate that CSIM achieves a superior performance in eliminating scattered fluorescent noise and in extending imaging depth compared with existing OS-SIM. CSIM is expected to broaden the application range of OS-SIM.
Patient education and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation preferences of patients and providers in COVID care
Authors: Borre Ethan D. , Maciejewski Matthew L. , Fink Arlene , Burnside Melissa , Purves J. Todd , Scales Charles D. , Fan Eddy , Sandhu Bhawandip , Pignone Kevin , Palmer Caroline , Webb Carrington , Guggenheim Dana S. , Zhang Yuqi
Published: August 2024

Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) represents an important but limited treatment for patients with severe COVID-19. We assessed the effects of an educational intervention on a person’s ECMO care preference and examined whether patients and providers had similar ECMO preferences.

Methods

In the Video+Survey group, patients watched an educational video about ECMO’s purpose, benefits, and risks followed by an assessment of ECMO knowledge and care preferences in seven scenarios varying by hypothetical patient age, function, and comorbidities. Patients in the Survey Only group and providers didn’t watch the video. Logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of agreement for each ECMO scenario between the two patient groups and then between all patients and providers.

Results

Video+Survey patients were more likely (64% vs. 17%; p = 0.02) to correctly answer all ECMO knowledge questions than Survey Only patients. Patients in both groups agreed that ECMO should be considered across all hypothetical scenarios, with predicted agreement above 65%. In adjusted analyses, patients and providers had similar predicted agreement for ECMO consideration across six of the seven scenarios, but patients showed greater preference (84% vs. 41%, p = 0.003) for the scenario of a functionally dependent 65-year-old with comorbidities than providers.

Discussion and conclusions

An educational video increased a person’s ECMO knowledge but did not change their ECMO preferences. Clinicians were less likely than patients to recommend ECMO for older adults, so advanced care planning discussion between patients and providers about treatment options in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is critical.
Preferences and uptake of home-based HIV self-testing for maternal retesting in Kenya
Authors: Drake Alison L. , Jiang Wenwen , Kitao Peninah , Farid Shiza , Richardson Barbra A. , Katz David A. , Wagner Anjuli D. , Johnson Cheryl C. , Matemo Daniel , Stewart GraceJohn , Kinuthia John
Published: August 2024

Objective

To compare preferences, uptake, and cofactors for unassisted home-based oral self-testing (HB-HIVST) versus clinic-based rapid diagnostic blood tests (CB-RDT) for maternal HIV retesting.

Design

Prospective cohort.

Methods

Between November 2017 and June 2019, HIV-negative pregnant Kenyan women receiving antenatal care were enrolled and given a choice to retest with HB-HIVST or CB-RDT. Women were asked to retest between 36 weeks gestation and 1-week post-delivery if the last HIV test was <24 weeks gestation or at 6 weeks postpartum if ≥24 weeks gestation, and self-report on retesting at a 14-week postpartum.

Results

Overall, 994 women enrolled and 33% (n = 330) selected HB-HIVST. HB-HIVST was selected because it was private (n = 224, 68%), convenient (n = 211, 63%), and offered flexibility in the timing of retesting (n = 207, 63%), whereas CB-RDT was selected due to the trust of providers to administer the test (n = 510, 77%) and convenience of clinic testing (n = 423, 64%). Among 905 women who reported retesting at follow-up, 135 (15%) used HB-HIVST. Most (n = 595, 94%) who selected CB-RDT retested with this strategy, compared to 39% (n = 120) who selected HB-HIVST retesting with HB-HIVST. HB-HIVST retesting was more common among women with higher household income and those who may have been unable to test during pregnancy (both retested postpartum and delivered <37 weeks gestation) and less common among women who were depressed. Most women said they would retest in the future using the test selected at enrollment (99% [n = 133] HB-HIVST; 93% [n = 715] CB-RDT-RDT).

Conclusions

While most women preferred CB-RDT for maternal retesting, HB-HIVST was acceptable and feasible and could be used to expand HIV retesting options.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education: Assessment of student performance in computer science
Authors: Charytanowicz Małgorzata , Zoła Magdalena , Suszyński Waldemar
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic had radically changed higher education. The sudden transition to online teaching and learning exposed, however, some benefits by enhancing educational flexibility and digitization. The long-term effects of these changes are currently unknown, but a key question concerns their effect on student learning outcomes. This study aims to analyze the impact of the emergence of new models and teaching approaches on the academic performance of Computer Science students in the years 2019–2023. The COVID-19 pandemic created a natural experiment for comparisons in performance during in-person versus synchronous online and hybrid learning mode. We tracked changes in student achievements across the first two years of their engineering studies, using both basic (descriptive statistics, t-Student tests, Mann-Whitney test) and advanced statistical methods (Analysis of variance). The inquiry was conducted on 787 students of the Lublin University of Technology (Poland). Our findings indicated that first semester student scores were significantly higher when taught through online (13.77±2.77) and hybrid (13.7±2.86) approaches than through traditional in-person means as practiced before the pandemic (11.37±3.9, p-value < 0.05). Conversely, third semester student scores were significantly lower when taught through online (12.01±3.14) and hybrid (12.04±3.19) approaches than through traditional in-person means, after the pandemic (13.23±3.01, p-value < 0.05). However, the difference did not exceed 10% of a total score of 20 points. With regard to the statistical data, most of the questions were assessed as being difficult or appropriate, with adequate discrimination index, regardless of the learning mode. Based on the results, we conclude that we did not find clear evidence that pandemic disruption and online learning caused knowledge deficiencies. This critical situation increased students’ academic motivation. Moreover, we conclude that we have developed an effective digital platform for teaching and learning, as well as for a secure and fair student learning outcomes assessment.
Temporal and spatial changes and factors influencing the industrial structure resilience of resource-based cities in western China
Authors: Wu Hanwen , Zhang Rongguang
Published: August 2024

Due to the impact of natural disasters and public security incidents, the industrial chain is broken, and the economy has declined, especially in western resource-based cities of China where enterprises have closed down, the unemployed have increased sharply, and social contradictions have become prominent. Therefore, the resilience of the industrial structure is an urgent problem to solve in the academic circle and sustainable development. This paper identifies the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the resilience of the resource-based cities’ industrial structure in western China from 2006 to 2021 to provide a reference for the improvement of their industrial structure resilience.
Prevalence and predictors of HIV testing among young men in Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample
Authors: Maviso McKenzie
Published: August 2024

Background

HIV testing is an important component of HIV prevention and serves as a gateway to other HIV-related services. However, the uptake remains suboptimal among young people, particularly in highly prevalent settings such as Papua New Guinea (PNG). This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determine the predictors of HIV testing uptake among young men aged 15–24 years in PNG.

Methods

The 2016–2018 PNG Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data was used. A total of 1,275 young men aged 15–24 years were included in the final analysis. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of HIV testing. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. All analyses were adjusted using survey weights to account for unequal sampling probabilities.

Results

The overall prevalence of HIV testing among young men was 17.1% (95% CI: 15–19). Of those who were tested for HIV, about one-third (32.9%) had experienced a sexual debut at age <15 years, and 33.9% inconsistently used condoms during sex. In multivariable analysis, men aged 20–24 years (AOR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.00–2.31), who owned mobile phones (AOR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.00–2.55), who were aware that consistent condom use during sex can reduce HIV risk (AOR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.18–4.04), who had paid for sex (AOR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.01–5.83), and who had two or more sexual partners (AOR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01–3.14) had increased odds of HIV testing. However, decreased odds of HIV testing were found among men who were never married (AOR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29–0.88), lived in rural areas (AOR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.92), and consistently used condoms during sex (AOR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.34–1.01).

Conclusion

The findings show that HIV testing is low among young men in PNG. To increase HIV testing uptake among young men, it is crucial to implement comprehensive youth-friendly HIV/STI education and tailored sensitization programs and enable more accessible and affordable HIV testing services. Also, outreach and community-based testing programs for young men in rural and prioritized areas requiring urgent prevention interventions are feasible options in PNG.
The acute hypoalgesic effects of active head-mounted display virtual reality games
Authors: Naugle Keith E. , Cervantes Xzaliya A. , Boone Carolyn L. , Wind Brandon , Naugle Kelly M.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) whether physically active virtual reality (VR) games exert an acute hypoaglesic effect on the thigh and bicep compared to a non-active VR game and an exercise only condition matched for exercise intensity in healthy individuals, and (2) whether movement variables during gameplay are associated with the hypoalgesic effect of the games. Twenty young adults completed five separate study sessions, with each session devoted to playing one head-mounted display VR game or stationary cycling for 15 minutes. The games included Holopoint at level 2 and level 3, Hot Squat, and Relax Walk. Pressure pain thresholds at the thigh and bicep were measured pre and post VR gameplay and cycling. Participants wore a heart rate monitor and accelerometers on the wrist and thigh during play to measure the intensity and quantity of movement. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that pressure pain thresholds on the bicep increased from pre to posttest for each condition. The results also revealed that pressure pain thresholds on the thigh increased only for the conditions eliciting the greatest cardiovascular response, which included Holopoint at level 3, Hot Squat, and cycling. Bivariate correlations indicated that moderate to vigorous physical activity of the thigh was associated with pain reduction at the thigh during Holopoint. These results revealed that active VR games and exercise exerted a more widespread hypoalgesic effect compared to the non-active VR game, which was likely driven in part by the intensity and quantity of movement during gameplay.
El compositor Silvio Bravo: para cantarle la tabla a la vida
Authors: Gómez Moreno Pedro Pablo
Published: August 2024

Este artículo tiene como propósito visibilizar el legado musical del compositor nariñense, de música campesina, Silvio Bravo Muñoz. La escritura está basada en la memoria personal y las vivencias compartidas con el compositor durante varias décadas. Al hacerlo de esta forma, se abre un espacio para una escritura afectiva que reconoce el valor estético, histórico y cultural del legado musical de Silvio Bravo. Al mismo tiempo, se intenta dibujar los contextos en los que surgen algunas de sus canciones. El compartir las letras de algunas de esas canciones, se entiende como una invitación a los músicos jóvenes de la región para mantenerlas en sus repertorios. Esto como una forma comprometida de construir un tejido de memoria viva, cultura y significado de prácticas culturales basadas en la oralidad
The effect of authentic leadership on psychological capital: The case of sports businesses
Authors: Cömert Esra
Published: August 2024

It is known that workplaces with an authentic leadership approach create conditions where employees have a high level of trust and contribute to their employees being positive and feeling stronger. In this regard, the authentic leadership approach is thought to be an important explainer of psychological capital, which is one of the personality traits that contribute to the productivity of employees. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the effect of authentic leadership on psychological capital. In this research, the relational screening model, one of the quantitative research approaches, was used. 270 people, 138 men (51.1%) and 132 women (48.9%), selected by convenience sampling method from among the people working in businesses providing sports services in Istanbul, participated in the research voluntarily. In the analysis of the data, through the SPSS package program; Pearson Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between variables, and regression analysis was used to determine the effect of authentic leadership on psychological capital. It has been observed that there is a positive relationship between authentic leadership and psychological capital. In addition, regarding the main purpose of the research, it has been determined that authentic leadership has a positive effect on psychological capital. As a result, it was concluded that employees' authentic leadership characteristics have a significant impact on their psychological capital levels
(Extended English summary is at the end of this document)
Özet
Otantik liderlik yaklaşımına sahip iş yerlerinin çalışanlara yüksek düzeyde güvenin yer aldığı koşullar oluşturduğu, çalışanlarının pozitif olmalarına ve kendilerini daha güçlü hissetmelerine katkıda bulunduğu bilinmektedir. Bu doğrultuda otantik liderlik yaklaşımının, çalışanların verimliliğine katkı sağlayan kişilik özelliklerinden biri olan psikolojik sermayenin önemli bir açıklayıcısı olduğu düşünülmektedir.  Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, otantik liderliğin psikolojik sermaye üzere etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu araştırmada nicel araştırma yaklaşımlarından ilişkisel tarama modelinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmaya İstanbul’da spor hizmeti veren işletmelerde çalışan kişiler içinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 138 Erkek (%51.1) 132 Kadın (%48.9) 270 kişi gönüllü olarak katılım göstermiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS paket programı aracılığıyla; değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için Pearson Korelasyon analizi, otantik liderliğin psikolojik sermaye üzerine etkisini belirlemek için regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.  Otantik liderlik ile psikolojik sermaye arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca araştırmanın temel amacına ilişkin olarak, otantik liderliğin psikolojik sermaye üzerine pozitif etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çalışanların otantik liderlik özelliklerinin psikolojik sermaye düzeyleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Transcriptional Activity of Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNF‐α) in Patients with Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis – Preliminary Results
Authors: Dąbek J. , Świderski R. , Głogowska-Ligus Joanna , Pysz P.
Published: August 2024

The most frequent cause of ischaemic heart disease is coronary arteriosclerosis. This study was aimed at assessing gene expression of TNFA and its two receptors (TNFR1, TNFR2), as well as determining coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in the context of occurrence of classical risk factors in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis of coronary vessels. The study involved 47 subjects with complaints of chest pain and suspicion of acute coronary syndrome or stable coronary disease. Additionally, CACS was assessed by 64-slice computerized tomography. QRT-PCR molecular studies were performed using RNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Preliminary results of molecular studies on patients with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis revealed a significantly lower numbers of TNFR1 and TNFR2 gene copies as compared with healthy subjects. In addition, it can be demonstrated that among classical risk factors hypertension is of substantial importance in the progression of coronary arteries’ calcification, and that in the examined group CACS increases together with the rising number of classical risk factors involved. No correlation was observed, however, between expression of TNFA, TNFR1 and TNFR2 genes and the value of CACS. Conclusions: 1. The occurrence of hypertension facilitates initiation and progression of arteriosclerotic lesions in blood vessels including the coronary ones; the raised number of circulatory disease classical risk factors involved correlates with elevated calcification of coronary arteries as shown by 64‐slice computerized tomography scans. 2. Significantly decreased numbers of TNFR1 and TNFR2 gene copies observed in the investigated group may play a significant role in initiation and progression of arteriosclerosis.
Polish Sports Club Names versus Commercialisation
Authors: Grochala Beata
Published: August 2024

The article presents an analysis of the names of sports clubs appearing in the top-level Polish football, volleyball, basketball and hockey leagues. A total of 107 names were analysed. The research question concerned the lexical composition of the names and potential differences in naming between individual sports. The research showed a tendency for names to become longer and for sponsors’ terms to be used in their composition. The exception is the names of football clubs, which are the most established and are a market brand in their own right.
How Much Competition is Enough Competition for Regulatory Forbearance?
Authors: Weisman Dennis L.
Published: August 2024

Critical loss analysis is used to define product markets for merger analysis and determine if market forces are sufficient to discipline prices in transitionally competitive regulated markets. Unlike the approval of a merger, however, regulatory forbearance is a reversible act. The threat of future (re)-regulation, or regulatory contestability, in combination with high price-cost margins and complementary demands can lower the critical loss (elasticity) necessary to justify the competitive classification of regulated services. This suggests that the intensity of competition sufficient to forbear from regulation can be considerably less than what regulators may believe is required a priori.
Association of low attenuation area scores with pulmonary function and clinical prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Tang Xiangli , Xu Chentao , Zhou Tianjin , Qiang Yanfei , Wu Yingzhe
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between low attenuation area (LAA) scores, pulmonary function parameters, and clinical prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD patients were divided into four LAA-based grades. Various lung function parameters were measured and correlated with LAA scores. Patient symptoms were examined using the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and exercise capacity using the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Statistical analysis determined the significance of differences. Higher levels of LAA were associated with decreased lung function and airflow limitations, suggesting a positive relationship between the two. Clinical symptom scores increased as COPD severity based on LAA stratification worsened. Reduced exercise capacity was shown by a substantial decline in 6MWT scores as COPD severity increased. As LAA scores increased, SGRQ scores increased, indicating a decreased quality of life (QOL). The study demonstrated a relationship between LAA scores and COPD severity. High LAA scores were associated with poor lung function, worse clinical symptoms, limited exercise capacity, and lower QOL. These findings show that LAA scores are clinically relevant for disease severity assessment and COPD management. Further research is required to determine LAA scores’ prognostic significance in disease progression and treatment response to enhance COPD therapy.
On Kantorovich variant of Brass-Stancu operators
Authors: Bodur Murat , Bostancı Tuğba , Başcanbaz-Tunca Gülen
Published: August 2024

In this study, we deal with Kantorovich-type generalization of the Brass-Stancu operators. For the sequence of these operators, we study

L

p

{L}^{p}

-convergence and give some upper estimates for the

L

p

{L}^{p}

-norm of the approximation error via first-order averaged modulus of smoothness and the first-order

K

K

-functional. Moreover, we show that the Kantorovich generalization of each Brass-Stancu operator satisfies variation detracting property and is bounded with respect to the norm of the space of functions of bounded variation on

[

0
,
1

]

\left[0,1]

. Finally, we present graphical and numerical examples to compare the convergence of these operators to given functions under different parameters.
Unraveling the Productivity Paradox: Evidence for Germany
Authors: Christofzik Désirée I. , Elstner Steffen , Feld Lars P. , Schmidt Christoph M.
Published: August 2024

Despite massive digitization efforts, the German economy has experienced a marked slowdown in its productivity growth. This paper empirically analyzes three prominent explanations for this development. First, using a novel quarterly utilization-adjusted total factor productivity measure for the German economy, we find that the slowdown in U.S. productivity growth since the mid-2000s had only a negligible impact on the German productivity trend. Second, the structural shift towards services in the German economy explains a sizeable share of the weaker aggregate productivity gains. This transformation process is associated with a strong labor market performance. And third, employing a novel identification procedure, we show that technological progress in the German information and communication technology (ICT) producing sector stimulates both, aggregate output and employment growth. Its effect on aggregate productivity is, however, small.
“The Remedy for a World Without Transcendence”: Georges Bataille on Sacrifice and the Theology of Transgression
Authors: Trebežnik Luka
Published: August 2024

Georges Bataille is undoubtedly a key reference for all relevant contemporary thoughts about sacrifice. This article attempts to follow his impulses and intuitions, which are often misunderstood because they are highly personal, provocative, and suggestive. The problem of sacrifice is approached in three concentric circles. The first presents a view from a distance, from the cosmic standpoint of “base materialism” and “general economy.” The second takes a closer look at the sacrificial site and deals with Bataille’s fascination with Aztec sacrificial culture. The concluding third part looks at sacrifice from the point of the altar, the place of communication and communal consumption of death, as a site of the emergence of the sacred and of community. In this way, the article seeks to highlight Bataille’s transgressive thinking as a worthwhile contribution to post-metaphysical theology.
Schwa realisation in verbal inflection in two dialogue registers of German spontaneous speech
Authors: Lange Robert , Sell Bianca , Terada Megumi , Belz Malte , Mooshammer Christine , Lüdeling Anke
Published: August 2024

Word-final schwa in German inflectional suffixes shows varying realisations in spontaneous speech – from full realisations with varying duration to no realisation. While previous research has identified numerous social, distributional, and grammatical factors influencing the variation of phonetic variables in general, it remains unclear how fine-grained functional differences in different registers specifically affect schwa realisation. In this corpus-based study, we compare schwa realisation in two dialogue registers of German spontaneous speech – free conversation and task-based dialogues – which differ only in their communicative goal and therefore have different functional requirements. We find that schwa is rarely realised, though slightly but significantly more often in free conversation than in task-based dialogue. Other factors also promoting schwa realisation across both situations are less frequent verbs and sequences, and IP-final position.
Variaciones taxonómicas de la oración subordinada en la enseñanza de la sintaxis española
Authors: J. Rodríguez Muñoz Francisco
Published: August 2024

Este estudio pretende contribuir, desde un punto de vista pedagógico, al desarrollo de una taxonomía más coherente y operativa de la oración subordinada en lengua española. Por un lado, se exige una mejor comunicación entre los avances que recientemente se han producido en las investigaciones sobre sintaxis funcional y el diseño de los métodos didácticos empleados en la enseñanza de la gramática española en niveles de educación postobligatoria. Con este propósito, el trabajo incluye una revisión crítica de una selección de ocho manuales sobre gramática didáctica del español que fueron publicados entre 1975 y 2009 en España. Por otro lado, se propone una clasificación para la oración subordinada que se adapta a los principios teóricos pertenecientes a diferentes gramáticos contemporáneos. Esta nueva distribución intenta superar las barreras impuestas por la tradición gramatical, particularmente en relación con las oraciones subordinadas adverbiales. En definitiva, se sugiere una vía alternativa que permita conectar la investigación actual sobre la subordinación en español con sus aplicaciones didácticas.
“Você é muçulmana, você fez isso”: a representação do outro no discurso estereotipado
Authors: Eliseu Lemos Leal Sena Antonio , Cândido de Lima Diógenes
Published: August 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é retomar o tema estereótipos do ponto de vista da educação, baseado em alguns conceitos formulados pelo estudioso russo Mikhail Bakhtin, dentre eles o de dialogismo e a relação entre o eu e o outro na contínua construção e reconstrução da identidade. Para compreendermos um pouco essas formações imaginárias e a efetiva aplicação dos conceitos bakhtinianos supracitados, tomaremos como objeto de análise a introdução de um artigo de Wingfield e Karaman (1995) denominado Arabic Stereotypes and American Educators. Esse texto nos permite analisar como os estereótipos são criados, repassados e como se insere o dialogismo e a relação entre o eu e o outro para a construção da identidade.
O letramento para os professores alfabetizadores: concepções e saberes dos docentes
Authors: Pollnow Heinz Denise , Mara Koerner Rosana
Published: August 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar resultados da pesquisa que buscou compreender como as noções de letramento estão presentes na voz dos professores alfabetizadores de uma rede de ensino do sul do Brasil. A pesquisa junto aos professores foi do tipo levantamento ou também chamada de survey e obteve retorno de 138 questionários, sendo 43% dos 318 professores que atuam nos primeiros e segundos anos do ensino fundamental da referida rede de ensino no ano de 2012. Após a exposição de um breve perfil dos professores alfabetizadores participantes da pesquisa, serão apresentadas as análises referentes à questão que busca o que o professor alfabetizador entende por letramento. Como principais resultados destacam-se a variedade de compreensões de letramento que os professores declararam e a presença de concepções aproximadas do conceito de alfabetização. Os principais autores de referência são Soares (2004a, b), Kleiman (1995) e Tardif (2002).
Coisa Epistêmica e Corporificação
Authors: Rheinberger Hans-Jörg
Published: August 2024

O artigo trata de como coisas epistêmicas, que estão no centro de sistemas experimentais típicos das ciências empíricas dos séculos XIX e XX, desenvolvem-se através de corporificações de conceitos, constituindo amálgamas de matéria e signo. O autor refere trabalhos seus anteriores, e autores como Gaston Bachelard e Michel Serres. A discussão é pontuada pela análise de diferentes etapas e reviravoltas na história da pesquisa experimental sobre genes ao longo do séc.XX.
Movimento fictivo no português brasileiro: Uma abordagem construcionista
Authors: Dornelas Aline Bisotti , Rocha Luiz Fernando Matos
Published: August 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar, por meio de dados coletados em corpora do português brasileiro, as Construções de Movimento Fictivo do Português do Brasil, como “Essa estrada vai para o Rio de Janeiro”, em que um verbo de movimento faz parte da descrição de uma cena estática. O escopo teórico utilizado provém da Linguística Cognitiva (TALMY, 2000; KÖVECSES, 2006) e dos Modelos de Gramática Baseados no Uso(LANGACKER, 1999, 2008; GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006). Foram encontrados dois padrões dessas construções no PB: [XSN YV (WSP)] e [XSN YV ZSN (WSP)], que evocam domínios de espaço, dimensão, localização, formato, posição, direção e área, em ambientes discursivos de instrução, explicação e descrição.
Un método para la investigación del deseo y la defensa en el discurso: algoritmo David Liberman (ADL)
Authors: Maldavsky David
Published: August 2024

El autor se propone exponer el algoritmo David Liberman (ADL), un método para el estudio de los deseos y las defensas en el discurso. El trabajo comienza describiendo los conceptos centrales (deseo y defensa) y los niveles de análisis que el método estudia: relatos, actos de habla, palabras. A continuación el autor describe cada uno de los instrumentos que el ADL propone para el discurso. Respecto del relato, el ADL contiene una grilla que permite estudiar las escenas que el hablante narra. La grilla toma en cuenta cinco momentos (estado inicial de equilibrio, despertar de un deseo, tentativa de consumación, consecuencias de esta tentativa, estado final) y los rasgos distintivos correspondientes a cada deseo. Respecto de los actos de habla, el ADL propone otra grilla que permite estudiar los deseos en las escenas que el hablante desarrolla en la medida en que se expresa verbalmente. Respecto del análisis de las palabras, el ADL contiene otro instrumento, un diccionario computarizado con más de 600.000 palabras. Para cada uno de estos niveles de análisis, además del estudio de los deseos, el ADL contiene instrucciones para el estudio de las defensas, que se describen también en el trabajo.
El ocaso de un dictador: Análisis de un reportaje a Jorge R. Videla
Authors: Plut Sebastian
Published: August 2024

Existen diversas estrategias posibles para estudiar el discurso político, las cuales dependen en gran medida de los objetivos que se propone el investigador y, también, del método y los instrumentos empleados, así como de la muestra de la que se dispone. En esta ocasión, damos continuidad a nuestras investigaciones en esta materia, tomando como muestra una entrevista realizada por una revista española al ex presidente de facto de la Argentina Jorge R. Videla, estando este último en prisión. Para el estudio hemos utilizado un método de análisis del discurso, el algoritmo David Liberman (ADL), creado por David Maldavsky y basado en conceptos psicoanalíticos. Especialmente, abordamos dos niveles del discurso: las secuencias narrativas y las palabras, lo cual nos permite el análisis de cada uno de estos sectores así como la combinación y contraste de los resultados obtenidos en uno y otro.
Forças Centrífugas e Centrípetas na Leitura da Poesia Concreta: o caso dos conceitos-formas de Stanisław Dróżdż
Authors: Kłoskowicz Małgorzata
Published: August 2024

Esse texto descreve as relações entre um poema concreto e seu leitor em processo de leitura (percepção). No processo de escrutínio da poesia concreta polonesa continuamente criada ao longo dos últimos 40 anos por Stanisław Dróżdż, propomos observar duas vias de leitura, baseadas em tendências centrífugas e centrípetas da atividade mental do leitor. O ponto de referência da primeira estratégia é o mundo do leitor, incluindo suas associações e expectativas. A analise foca num poema concreto, e envolve sua translação num discurso linear. A outra forma de leitura começa com a suspensão das associações do leitor. Essa estratégia está enraizada nas regras do mundo da poesia concreta e adota traços “concretos” desenvolvidos. Nossa análise é ilustrada por dois exemplos: Zapominanie (Esquecer) e Ludzie/Człowiek (Pessoa/Humano).
Desenvolvimento da produção oral em língua italiana: perspectivas teóricas e atividades práticas
Authors: Lanhi Balthazar Luciana
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho focaliza o desenvolvimento da produção oral no ensino/aprendizagem de língua estrangeira com uma maior ênfase à língua italiana. Inicialmente, é apresentada uma análise sobre a marginalização da habilidade oral perante outras habilidades linguísticas em pesquisas científicas e no contexto ensino-aprendizagem. Em seguida, será analisado o papel da oralidade dentro de ensino de língua estrangeira, sendo demonstrada, assim, sua contribuição positiva no processo de aquisição da língua. São mostrados, ao final do artigo, formatos de atividades de ensino usadas para o desenvolvimento da habilidade oral e focadas na forma (RICHARDS e RODGERS, 1986) e no significado (MARIANO et al., 2006).
Processo de escrita de uma webaula: propota de classificação das etapas da produção textual
Authors: Araújo Nukácia , Hissa Débora
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever o processo de escrita do gênero webaula a partir dos processos interacionais subjacentes à atividade de produção escrita, a fim de apresentar uma proposta de divisão das etapas de produção textual que colabore para a formação de professores autores em EaD. A partir de um estudo de caso, propomos a divisão do processo de escrita em cinco níveis de produção: 1. produção didática individual; 2. produção didática colaborativa; 3. produção didática mediada; 4. produção didática pós-intervenção (reescrita); e 5. produção multimodal. Estes níveis foram estabelecidos considerando-se três princípios de produção: pedagógico-narrativos; estético-linguísticos; estético-multimodais (ALMERANA, 2011). Esta classificação permite que os sujeitos-autores compreendam as etapas do processo de escrita didática em EaD, bem como os modos de participação dos sujeitos-autores (interlocutores) na incorporação de procedimentos reflexivos necessários à produção de uma webaula como gênero de escrita colaborativo.
Taiwanese Support for Self-Defense after the Russo–Ukrainian War
Authors: Wang Austin Horng-En , Wu Charles K.S. , Chen Fang-Yu , Yeh Yao-Yuan
Published: August 2024

What impact does the Russo–Ukrainian War have on Taiwanese citizens’ attitudes toward the country’s self-defense? We used seven waves of representative surveys by the Institute for National Defense and Security Research between September 2021 and March 2023 (n = 10,869) in Taiwan. We tested two major hypotheses: that support for self-defense should increase for all citizens after the Ukraine crisis; and that the effect should be visible only among certain partisans. Using two surveys fielded before and after the Russian invasion, respectively, we found that support for war did not change significantly. Instead, we found a pattern of polarization based on partisanship. Subsequent analyses using seven waves reached the same conclusion. The partisan hypothesis also received additional support from a robustness test. Overall, the paper highlights the importance of context in studying public reactions to security threats. Policy and theoretical implications were discussed at the end of the paper.
Poziom wiedzy pielęgniarek na temat pielęgnacji dostępów żylnych
Authors: Cichońska Małgorzata , Mazurek Joanna , Michalska Agnieszka , Cichońska Karolina , Maciąg Dorota , Borek Monika , Kowalska Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

Wstęp Każdy dostęp do żyły, a w szczególności dostęp centralny, wymaga od personelu medycznego pełnego profesjonalizmu. Znaczącą rolę w bezpiecznym stosowaniu wkłuć do naczyń odgrywa ich prawidłowa pielęgnacja. Celem zminimalizowania powikłań, na jakie narażony jest pacjent z kaniulą donaczyniową, należy regularnie szkolić personel, wdrażać oraz opracowywać procedury higieniczne i medyczne, takie jak mycie i dezynfekcja rąk, zakładanie i zmiana opatrunków, zakładanie kaniuli centralnej oraz stosowanie nowoczesnych środków antyseptycznych i opatrunków potrzebnych do pielęgnacji kaniuli w naczyniu. Cel Celem niniejszego badania była ocena poziomu wiedzy pielęgniarek na temat pielęgnacji żylnych dostępów naczyniowych. Materiał i metody W badaniach zrealizowanych w okresie od 12.04.2022 r. do 10.05.2022 r. wzięło udział 101 aktywnych zawodowo pielęgniarek i pielęgniarzy. W pracy zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, technikę ankietowania, a narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety zawierający metryczkę oraz 30 pytań oceniających wiedzę. Wyniki podano w wartościach liczbowych i procentowych, a do sprawdzenia zależności między wybranymi cechami zastosowano test niezależności chi2. Wyniki Klasyfikacja respondentów w odniesieniu do oceny poziomu wiedzy potwierdziła, że 70,3% to osoby z bardzo wysokim poziomem wiedzy na temat cewnikowania naczyń żylnych, 4,9% z poziomem niedostatecznym, 13,9% z poziomem dostatecznym, zaś 10,9% z poziomem wysokim. Analizując zależności pomiędzy zmiennymi, stwierdzono, że istnieje zależność pomiędzy poziomem wiedzy pielęgniarek na temat dostępów żylnych a stażem pracy (słaba siła związku: rc=0,223) oraz wykształceniem (słaba siła związku: rc=0,325). Wnioski Poziom wiedzy pielęgniarek na temat cewnikowania naczyń żylnych jest bardzo wysoki. Najlepiej zgłębione obszary wiedzy dotyczyły zasad pielęgnacji wkłuć, zaś najbardziej deficytowe były wymogi wskazane w rekomendacjach. Na poziom wiedzy pielęgniarek na temat dostępów żylnych wypływały m.in. staż pracy oraz wykształcenie. Bardzo wysoki poziom wiedzy pielęgniarek na temat pielęgnacji dostępów naczyniowych stanowi informację, że dotychczasowe działania edukacyjne i monitorujące w tym zakresie są skuteczne i należy je kontynuować. Wysoki poziom wiedzy pielęgniarek jest jednocześnie powodem do podejmowania dyskusji na temat dążenia do poprawy jakości opieki nad pacjentem poprzez budowanie pielęgniarstwa infuzyjnego, które będzie podstawą do wdrażania trudniejszych, ale aktualnych tematów kaniulacji, jak zorganizowanie zespołu infuzyjnego czy rozmowy i rozważania o trudnych dostępach dożylnych.
Powikłania terapii antyretrowirusowej HAART
Authors: Janeczko Julia M. , Bryś Katarzyna E. , Bruciak Aleksandra , Maroz Viktoria
Published: August 2024

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) pełni kluczową funkcję w leczeniu zakażenia HIV. Od czasu jej wprowadzenia stała się fundamentalnym narzędziem w kontrolowaniu wiremii oraz przywracaniu funkcji układu odpornościowego. Niemniej stosowanie leków przeciwretrowirusowych nie jest pozbawione skutków ubocznych, które mogą znacząco wpłynąć na funkcjonowanie pacjentów. W ciągu pierwszych miesięcy od rozpoczęcia terapii mogą występować wczesne działania niepożądane, które przeważnie samoistnie mijają. Długotrwałe stosowanie terapii HAART niesie ze sobą ryzyko wystąpienia późnych skutków ubocznych związanych z działaniem leków na metabolizm oraz przemiany enzymatyczne. Zaliczają się do nich działania nefrotoksyczne, hepatotoksyczne, kardiotoksyczne, neurotoksyczne oraz zaburzenia lipidowe. Występowanie działań niepożądanych może wpływać negatywnie na przestrzeganie zaleceń terapeutycznych, co z kolei ma istotne konsekwencje dla skuteczności leczenia i jakości życia pacjentów. Świadomość istnienia oraz możliwość przeciwdziałania skutkom ubocznym terapii są kluczowe dla zapewnienia optymalnej opieki nad pacjentami zakażonymi HIV, uwzględniając zarówno aspekty medyczne, jak i psychospołeczne.
The dialect of Gammalsvenskby: compiling a dictionary of an unexplored language (sjǖn — slītas)
Authors: Mankov Alexander
Published: August 2024

The dialect of the village of Gammalsvenskby (Rus. Старошведское; current Ukrainian name Змiïвка) belongs historically to the Swedish dialects of Estonia, which were spoken before World War II in the Noarootsi peninsula (Sw. Nuckö), in the villages of Kurkse (Korkis) and Vihterpalu (Vippal), and in the islands of the Moonsund archipelago: Osmussaar (Odensholm), Vormsi (Ormsö), Hiiumaa (Dagö), as well as on the islands Suur- and Väike-Pakri (Stora och Lilla Rågöarna), Ruhnu (Runö), Naissaar (Nargö). In 1782, around 1,000 Swedes from the island of Dagö, which at the time belonged to the Russian Empire, were resettled in the Kherson Governorate. There, on the bank of the Dnieper River, a village that later came to be called Gammalsvenskby was founded. The native language of its founders was the dialect of Dagö. Up to end of the 2010s, some of the elderly residents of the present-day village preserved a language variety that goes back to the dialect of Dagö; this is the dialect of Gammalsvenskby. The present-day state of this dialect has not been systematically described in linguistic literature. The only source of data for this article is fi eldwork with speakers of the dialect. The main objective is to present material recorded in the interviews in the most complete way possible and to describe the state of the vocabulary and infl ection in the dialect. The entries include the following information: type of infl ection; translation; phrases, sentences and short texts illustrating the usage (with initials of the informants). In many cases full paradigms are given as well. They include all phonetic and morphological forms that have occurred in the interviews.
EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: CHISTIAKOVA Iryna , Babina Valentyna
Published: August 2024

This article examines the impact of globalization on the development and functioning of regional political organizations in international relations. It analyses the effectiveness of regional political systems amidst globalized processes, focusing on mechanisms of interaction and coordination that contribute to regional stability and development. The study also identifies key challenges and threats these organizations face in the context of globalization. Additionally, the research aims to develop recommendations for enhancing the efficiency of regional political systems through optimizing existing cooperation and integration strategies.The study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating analysis of historical development of regional political systems, examination of contemporary political and economic processes, and analysis of specific activities of key regional organizations. The relevance of the study is underscored by the necessity to understand the effectiveness of regional political organizations in addressing global challenges. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive analysis of the interaction between regional organizations and global structures, emphasizing their role in contemporary international relations. The research highlights the role of regional political organizations as intermediaries between national states and global structures. It identifies these organizations as facilitators in conflict resolution, economic integration, and stability. The study assesses both positive and negative aspects of globalization for regional political organizations, along with the challenges they encounter.Practical implications of this work include providing recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of regional political organizations in a globalized world. These recommendations are valuable for policymakers, analysts, and international organizations engaged in regional cooperation and global governance. The article significantly contributes to understanding the role of regional political organizations in the contemporary international landscape, emphasizing their importance in addressing global issues and ensuring international stability. The findings of the study open new perspectives for further research and development of management strategies in these contexts.
“Mas para que proibir falar em alemão?”
Authors: Gälzer Fernanda , Lima Magalhães Magna
Published: August 2024

Este artigo investiga o impacto da proibição do uso de idiomas estrangeiros, estabelecida pelo Decreto-Lei federal nº 1.545/1939, sobre a população de imigrantes e descendentes alemães no Vale do Rio dos Sinos/RS. Tal decreto foi formulado durante o Estado Novo (1937-1945), governo ditatorial chefiado por Getúlio Vargas, que, entre outros projetos, pretendia consolidar a identidade brasileira, principalmente através da imposição do uso do idioma nacional. A pesquisa explora como a proibição se estendeu aos diversos espaços cotidianos e como a população se adaptou ao contexto de proibições, com base em relatos de história oral de indivíduos que vivenciaram o período, correspondências da Prefeitura Municipal de São Leopoldo e os jornais locais Correio de São Leopoldo e O 5 de Abril.