bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inspiratory pressure waveform influences time to failure, respiratory muscle fatigue, and metabolism during resistive breathing
Authors: Poulsen Mathias Krogh , Rees Stephen E. , Hansen John , Stevenson Andrew J. T. , Kjærgaard Søren , Volta Carlo A. , Spadaro Savino , Karbing Dan S.
Published: May 2023

Increased ventilatory work beyond working capacity of the respiratory muscles can induce fatigue, resulting in limited respiratory muscle endurance (Tlim). Previous resistive breathing investigations all applied square wave inspiratory pressure as fatigue‐inducing pattern. Spontaneous breathing pressure pattern more closely approximate a triangle waveform. This study aimed at comparing Tlim, maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), and metabolism between square and triangle wave breathing. Eight healthy subjects (Wei = 76 ± 10 kg, H = 181 ± 7.9 cm, age = 33.5 ± 4.8 years, sex [F/M] = 1/7) completed the study, comprising two randomized matched load resistive breathing trials with square and triangle wave inspiratory pressure waveform. Tlim decreased with a mean difference of 8 ± 7.2 min (p = 0.01) between square and triangle wave breathing. PImax was reduced following square wave (p = 0.04) but not for triangle wave breathing (p = 0.88). Higher VO2 was observed in the beginning and end for the triangle wave breathing compared with the square wave breathing (p = 0.036 and p = 0.048). Despite higher metabolism, Tlim was significantly longer in triangle wave breathing compared with square wave breathing, showing that the pressure waveform has an impact on the function and endurance of the respiratory muscles.
Voltage sensor current, SR Ca2+ release, and Ca2+ channel current during trains of action potential‐like depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers
Authors: Bibollet Hugo , Nguyen Elton L. , Miranda Daniel R. , Ward Christopher W. , Voss Andrew A. , Schneider Martin F. , Hernández‐Ochoa Erick O.
Published: May 2023

In skeletal muscle, CaV1.1 serves as the voltage sensor for both excitation‐contraction coupling (ECC) and L‐type Ca2+ channel activation. We have recently adapted the technique of action potential (AP) voltage clamp (APVC) to monitor the current generated by the movement of intramembrane voltage sensors (IQ) during single imposed transverse tubular AP‐like depolarization waveforms (IQAP). We now extend this procedure to monitoring IQAP, and Ca2+ currents during trains of tubular AP‐like waveforms in adult murine skeletal muscle fibers, and compare them with the trajectories of APs and AP‐induced Ca2+ release measured in other fibers using field stimulation and optical probes. The AP waveform remains relatively constant during brief trains (<1 sec) for propagating APs in non‐V clamped fibers. Trains of 10 AP‐like depolarizations at 10 Hz (900 ms), 50 Hz (180 ms), or 100 Hz (90 ms) did not alter IQAP amplitude or kinetics, consistent with previous findings in isolated muscle fibers where negligible charge immobilization occurred during 100 ms step depolarizations. Using field stimulation, Ca2+ release did exhibit a considerable decline from pulse to pulse during the train, also consistent with previous findings, indicating that the decline of Ca2+ release during a short train of APs is not correlated to modification of charge movement. Ca2+ currents during single or 10 Hz trains of AP‐like depolarizations were hardly detectable, were minimal during 50 Hz trains, and became more evident during 100 Hz trains in some fibers. Our results verify predictions on the behavior of the ECC machinery in response to AP‐like depolarizations and provide a direct demonstration that Ca2+ currents elicited by single AP‐like waveforms are negligible, but can become more prominent in some fibers during short high‐frequency train stimulation that elicits maximal isometric force.
Cloud-based evaluation platform for software-defined manufacturing
Authors: Neubauer Michael , Reiff Colin , Walker Moritz , Oechsle Stefan , Lechler Armin , Verl Alexander
Published: May 2023

Software-Defined Manufacturing (SDM) is a new paradigm for how to manufacture in the Industry 4.0 factory of the future. The approach requires a fundamental change in thinking and reinvention of central business models in production technology. This paper discusses the main challenges on the way to a software-defined factory of the future and illustrates possible solutions. An exemplary future factory is presented, in which the validation of the solutions is carried out. For this purpose, cloud-based Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) is considered as use case. Experimental results demonstrate the proof of concept and show the potential for further applications.
Silica and kaolin reinforced aluminum matrix composite for heat storage
Authors: Ogunrinola Iyanuoluwa , Akinyemi Marvel , Aizebeokhai Ahzegbobor , Sule Rasidi , Sanni Samuel , Boyo Henry , Omeje Maxwell , Babalola Philip
Published: May 2023

This study used aluminum scraps to produce a secondary aluminum metal matrix for heat storage analyses. Silica and kaolin reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites were successfully produced via stir casting. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed for phase and microstructure characterization. XRD revealed alumina (corundum), aluminum and kyanite phases while SEM indicated pores in the composites. Density, average specific heat (from 30 to 200°C), thermal conductivity, and hardness tests were carried out. Total heat energy stored per kg, from 30 to 200°C, was obtained. The inclusion of 7.5 and 15 wt% kaolin increased the specific heat of the matrix from 474.3 to 564.57 J·kg−1·°C−1 and 474.3 to 679.03 J·kg−1·°C−1, respectively. Likewise, adding 7.5 and 15 wt% silica sand increased the thermal conductivity of the matrix from 154.99 to 175.62 W·m−1·°C−1 and 154.99 W·m−1·°C−1 to 181.38 W·m−1·°C−1, respectively. The addition of 7.5 wt% silica sand and 7.5 and 15 wt% kaolin increased the hardness value of the matrix from 72.11 to 73.11 HB, 72.11 to 81.38 HB, and 72.11 to 82 HB, respectively. Hardness of the composites reinforced with kaolin is higher than that of the composites reinforced with silica sand. This is attributed to the higher molecular weight of kaolin. Significant increase in specific heat and thermal conductivity was achieved.
Writing Conversationalists into History
Authors: Pearson James
Published: May 2023

Burton Dreben taught a generation of scholars the value of closely attending to the recent philosophical past. But the few papers he authored do little to capture his philosophical voice. In this article, I turn instead to an unpublished transcript of Dreben in conversation with his contemporaries. In addition to yielding insights into a transitional period in W.V. Quine’s and Donald Davidson’s thought, I argue that this document showcases Dreben in his element, revealing the way that he shaped the views of key analytic philosophers. More broadly, I argue that by writing conversationalists like Dreben into our histories we can capture the collaborative nature of philosophy.
Review of Gary Ebbs, Carnap, Quine, and Putnam on Methods of Inquiry
Authors: Juhl Cory F.
Published: May 2023

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Denoting Concepts and Ontology in Russell's Principles of Mathematics
Authors: Cohen Wouter Adriaan
Published: May 2023

Bertrand Russell’s Principles of Mathematics (1903) gives rise to several interpretational challenges, especially concerning the theory of denoting concepts. Only relatively recently, for instance, has it been properly realised that Russell accepted denoting concepts that do not denote anything. Such empty denoting concepts are sometimes thought to enable Russell, whether he was aware of it or not, to avoid commitment to some of the problematic non-existent entities he seems to accept, such as the Homeric gods and chimeras. In this paper, I argue first that the theory of denoting concepts in Principles of Mathematics has been generally misunderstood. According to the interpretation I defend, if a denoting concept shifts what a proposition is about, then the aggregate of the denoted terms will also be a constituent of the proposition. I then show that Russell therefore could not have avoided commitment to the Homeric gods and chimeras by appealing to empty denoting concepts. Finally, I develop what I think is the best understanding of the ontology of Principles of Mathematics by interpreting some difficult passages.
Bredo Johnsen. Righting Epistemology: Hume’s Revolution.
Authors: Carlson Matthew
Published: May 2023

Reviewed by Matthew Carlson.
Coming to America: Carnap, Reichenbach and the Great Intellectual Migration. Part I: Rudolf Carnap
Authors: Verhaegh Sander
Published: May 2023

In the years before the Second World War, Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach emigrated to the United States, escaping the quickly deteriorating political situation on the continent. Once in the U. S., the two significantly changed the American philosophical climate. This two-part paper reconstructs Carnap’s and Reichenbach’s surprisingly numerous interactions with American academics in the decades before their move in order to explain the impact of their arrival in the late 1930s. Building on archival material of several key players and institutions, I take some first steps toward answering the question why logical empiricism became so successful in the United States after the War. This first part reconstructs Carnap’s development between 1923, when he first visited New York, and 1936, when he was offered a position at the University of Chicago. I describe Carnap’s first substantive contacts with American philosophers as well as the events leading up to his decision to emigrate. In addition, I argue that some of Carnap’s work from the mid-1930s—in particular “Testability and Meaning”—can be better understood if we take into account (1) his attempts to correct the American narrative about logical positivism and (2) his increasingly desperate efforts to find a position in the United States.
Solving the Conjunction Problem of Russell's Principles of Mathematics
Authors: Landini Gregory
Published: May 2023

The quantification theory of propositions in Russell’s Principles of Mathematics has been the subject of an intensive study and in reconstruction has been found to be complete with respect to analogs of the truths of modern quantification theory. A difficulty arises in the reconstruction, however, because it presents universally quantified exportations of five of Russell’s axioms. This paper investigates whether a formal system can be found that is more faithful to Russell’s original prose. Russell offers axioms that are universally quantified implications that have antecedent clauses that are conjunctions. The presence of conjunctions as antecedent clauses seems to doom the theory from the onset, it will be found that there is no way to prove conjunctions so that, after universal instantiation, one can detach the needed antecedent clauses. Amalgamating two of Russell’s axioms, this paper overcomes the difficulty.
Vienna Circle's Reception of Nietzsche
Authors: Vrahimis Andreas
Published: May 2023

Friedrich Nietzsche was among the figures from the history of nineteenth-century philosophy that, perhaps surprisingly, some of the Vienna Circle’s members had presented as one of their predecessors. While, primarily for political reasons, most Anglophone figures in the history of analytic philosophy had taken a dim view of Nietzsche, the Vienna Circle’s leader Moritz Schlick admired and praised Nietzsche, rejecting what he saw as a misinterpretation of Nietzsche as a militarist or proto-fascist. Schlick, Frank, Neurath, and Carnap were in different ways committed to the view that Nietzsche made a significant contribution to the overcoming of metaphysics. Some of these philosophers praised the intimate connection Nietzsche drew between his philosophical outlook and empirical studies in psychology and physiology. In his 1912 lectures on Nietzsche, Schlick maintained that Nietzsche overcame an initial Schopenhauerian metaphysical-artistic phase in his thinking, and subsequently remained a positivist until his last writings. Frank and Neurath made the weaker claim that Nietzsche contributed to the development of a positivistic or scientific conception of the world. Schlick and Frank took a further step in seeing the mature Nietzsche as an Enlightenment thinker.
Rudolf Carnap and David Lewis on Metaphysics
Authors: MacBride Fraser
Published: May 2023

In an unpublished speech from 1991, David Lewis told his audience that he counted ‘the metaphysician Carnap (not to be confused with the anti-metaphysician Carnap, who is better known)’ amongst his historical ancestors. Here I provide a novel interpretation of the Aufbau that allows us to make sense of Lewis’s claim. Drawing upon Lewis’s correspondence, I argue it was the Carnap of the Aufbau whom Lewis read as a metaphysician, because Carnap’s appeal to the notion of founded relations in the Aufbau echoes Lewis’s own appeal to the metaphysics of natural properties. I further maintain that Lewis was right to read Carnap this way and that the notion of a founded relation has a legitimate claim to be both logical and metaphysical. I also argue that Carnap’s initial response to Goodman’s puzzle about ‘grue’ relies upon a metaphysics of simple properties which also prefigures Lewis’s own response to Goodman invoking natural properties.
Frege on the Fruitfulness of Definitions
Authors: Boddy Rachel
Published: May 2023

What, in Frege’s view, makes definitions fruitful? In Grundlagen §70, Frege offers an answer: Unfruitful definitions are definitions that “could just as well be omitted and leave no link missing in the chain of our proofs”. The §70 passage, however, poses an interpretive puzzle as its characterization of fruitfulness appears to conflict with other conditions that Frege imposes on definitions, namely, eliminability and conservativeness. It appears that the only way to resolve this conflict is to attribute to Frege a notion of fruitfulness that is trivially satisfied and, hence, poorly motivated. I argue that this worry is misplaced. This is because Frege distinguishes between two roles of definitions, namely, between definitions qua explanations of concepts (analytic definitions), and definitions qua resources of a proof system (logical definitions). I use this distinction to argue that a fruitful definition, for Frege, is a definition that plays both roles, and that to play both roles, the definition has to be used in the proof of sentences containing the term so defined. Starting from §70, I develop and defend this reading of Frege’s notion of fruitful definition.
Transfinite Number in Wittgenstein's Tractatus
Authors: Connelly James R
Published: May 2023

In his highly perceptive, if underappreciated introduction to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus, Russell identifies a “lacuna” within Wittgenstein’s theory of number, relating specifically to the topic of transfinite number. The goal of this paper is two-fold. The first is to show that Russell’s concerns cannot be dismissed on the grounds that they are external to the Tractarian project, deriving, perhaps, from logicist ambitions harbored by Russell but not shared by Wittgenstein. The extensibility of Wittgenstein’s theory of number to the case of transfinite cardinalities is, I shall argue, a desideratum generated by concerns intrinsic, and internal to Wittgenstein’s logical and semantic framework. Second, I aim to show that Wittgenstein’s theory of number as espoused in the Tractatus is consistent with Russell’s assessment, in that Wittgenstein meant to leave open the possibility that transfinite numbers could be generated within his system, but did not show explicitly how to construct them. To that end, I show how one could construct a transfinite number line using ingredients inherent in Wittgenstein’s system, and in accordance with his more general theories of number and of operations.
Philosophical Concepts, the Ideal of Sublimation, and the “Unpredictability of Human Behaviour”
Authors: Weiberg Anja
Published: May 2023

Wittgenstein famously criticizes the philosophical practice of analyzing the meaning of words outside their ordinary use in everyday language, whereby often self-made pseudo-problems arise. In order to shed further light on Wittgenstein’s critique, this article makes use of the Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology. First, starting from the remark in Vol. I, §52, his criticism of the philosophical method of selection and generalization is explained in detail. Next, I give a brief outline of Wittgenstein’s own way of philosophizing by reference to a selection of comments concerning the use of psychological words in everyday language, which will also further elucidate his critique. Finally, I enter into the question which (kind of) significance everyday language according to Wittgenstein has for philosophy.
Wittgenstein and Folk Psychology
Authors: Jiang Yi
Published: May 2023

Various writings by the later Wittgenstein on the philosophy of psychology, published posthumously, express his basic critical attitude toward certain concepts and issues in the philosophy of psychology. His attitude towards folk psychology is negative in principle, leaving him opposed to the foundation of current psychological research. This critique of folk psychology and of the philosophy of psychology in general is in accord with the general method of his later philosophy, that is, dealing with philosophical problems by dissolving them. However, his critical attitude towards folk psychology has been less influential in the development of contemporary philosophy, and is in opposition to the philosophy of psychology and folk psychology as practiced today. In this paper I will analyze Wittgenstein's understanding of the concept of psychology, offering a different interpretation from that of other scholars, and explain why and how contemporary philosophers of psychology misunderstand Wittgenstein.
Review of Gottfried Gabriel & Sven Schlotter, Frege und die kontinentalen Ursprünge der analytischen Philosophie
Authors: Eder Günther
Published: May 2023

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MONTAGENS, SINTOMAS E IMAGENS: ALTERNATIVAS PARA UMA PRÁXIS URBANA EMERGENTE NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
Authors: Boeira Bittencourt Lucas , Reyes Paulo
Published: May 2023

O artigo problematiza a abordagem sintética das imagens no âmbito do campo disciplinar do Urbanismo, especificamente a partir do pensamento de Kevin Lynch. Compreende-se a noção de imaginabilidade da cidade conforme proposta pelo autor na esteira de uma disposição cartesiana e funcionalista das imagens urbanas. Essa disposição da imagem opera por sínteses, ou seja, visando o apaziguamento ao invés do conflito. Como contraponto, este trabalho explora a montagem de imagens como possibilidade de “rasgar” a imaginabilidade urbana. Dessa forma, busca aproximá-la do sentido de uma práxis emergente, porque ocupa-se de complexificar os pressupostos essenciais e universais da teoria urbana, criticando sua racionalidade intrínseca e fazendo “emergir” seus próprios sintomas, numa via estética e política. A montagem é um procedimento tomado da filosofia e das vanguardas artísticas, que consiste simultaneamente em um modo de pensamento e uma forma de expressão. A noção de rasgadura consiste na abertura de sentidos que o conflito permite, expondo os sintomas. É uma operação que resulta sempre em imagens plurais e heterogêneas, explorando não só dimensões estéticas, mas também políticas. As noções de imagem, montagem, rasgadura e sintoma são compreendidas a partir de Georges Didi-Huberman e Walter Benjamin, e a discussão sobre estética e política a partir de Jacques Rancière. Ao criticar o sintetismo das imagens urbanas, operando em montagem, o trabalho experimenta possibilidades alternativas para uma práxis emergente na contemporaneidade.
O(S) PROJETO(S) HEGEMÔNICO(S), O CONFLITO E A CENA POLÍTICA NO CAIS DO PORTO DE PORTO ALEGRE: PARA PENSAR UMA OUTRA PRÁXIS
Authors: Paiva Ribeiro Eduardo , Belo Reyes Paulo Edison
Published: May 2023

O Cais do Porto de Porto Alegre tem sido alvo de propostas e de especulação. O momento recente tem sido de proposição de grandes transformações do lugar, como requer o ciclo capitalista e o planejamento neoliberal. Contudo, entende-se que o projeto imposto, que chega pronto para apreciação popular, não dá conta da complexidade do território. Embora a forma de atuação hegemônica busque sufocar a política, emergem reações locais contrárias, como vê-se na cena-assembleia, em 2015, onde manifestantes expuseram o seu descontentamento com o projeto, revelando caráter político do acontecimento. O presente texto propõe problematizar os recentes projetos para o Cais do Porto de Porto Alegre, pois entende-se que o local está envolto em um ciclo repetitivo de propostas de caráter similar, que expressam um modo de pensar hegemônico, uniformizante, de reprodução de (pedaços de) cidades. Após a contextualização do problema, sugere-se que se pense uma práxis atravessada pela explicitação do conflito e pela suspensão do projeto, desviando de soluções pré-concebidas. Para tanto, é importante que se reconheça os agentes em disputa, as particularidades e as partes que cabem a cada um dentro de uma esfera comum. Este artigo organiza-se conforme a seguinte linha de raciocínio: breve reconstrução histórica do Cais e dos seus projetos; reconhecimento do conflito gerado pelo projeto sem diálogo; proposição de um atravessamento teórico pelos conceitos cena, dano, política e polícia; e sugestão de abordagem para uma práxis contra hegemônica.
URBANOS FURORES: A FEBRE DA PRÁXIS
Authors: Vieceli Ana Paula
Published: May 2023

O diagnóstico Lefebvriano de que o principal problema do urbano seria a desintensificação da vida nas cidades e a sua provocação de que o direito à cidade consiste no direito de inventá-la, alimentou o espaço de uma pesquisa de doutorado e impulsionou a aposta na experimentação de uma práxis de apropriação ativa e inventiva do espaço urbano como uma possível ferramenta de intensificação. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a prática singular do jogo Arcanos Urbanos e, levando em conta as potencialidades inventivas do lúdico defendidas na teoria de Johan Huizinga (1971) bem como sua influência nas práticas urbanas da Internacional Situacionista, colocamos a prática deste jogo inventado como herdeiro dos furores urbanos seissentistas. O Arcanos Urbanos realiza-se enquanto um jogo coletivo que dispara uma série de experiências urbanas direcionadas aos espaços públicos da cidade, tomando seus conteúdos como matéria de expressão e engajando os jogadores em um fazer: fabricar com a cidade, numa relação de porosidade com o lugar, um espaço expressivo para ensaiar modos lúdicos e singulares de habitar a cidade.
TEORIA CRÍTICA, INTERFACES E ATUAÇÃO FEMININA NA AUTOPRODUÇÃO HABITACIONAL: OUTRA POSSIBILIDADE DE PRODUÇÃO ARQUITETÔNICA
Authors: De Sousa Cardoso Carolina
Published: May 2023

O presente artigo pretende realizar uma reflexão sobre a potencialidade da associação de premissas da teoria crítica da arquitetura e da teoria feminista com o uso de interfaces de projeto - que podem ser instrumentos, objetos, eventos cuja utilização rompa com a ideia de um produto final e prescritivo e aponte para um processo aberto, que depende da interação do usuário - para o desenvolvimento de uma outra prática arquitetônica. Busca-se discutir a relação entre a prática arquitetônica convencional e a perpetuação de relações de poder que influenciam diretamente na experiência de mulheres inseridas na autoprodução habitacional, para então analisar criticamente duas interfaces, o Jogo da Maquete e o Kit Mobiliário. O artigo fundamenta-se na análise das possibilidades de que tais interfaces possam favorecer resistências aos múltiplos sistemas de dominação e opressão, para então discutir sobre como sua associação com o exercício teórico crítico pode criar possibilidades de processos que visem ganhos de autonomia, sobretudo no sentido de mitigar ou, idealmente, subverter o condicionamento feminino do papel de espectadoras do espaço para o papel de transformadoras ativas.
ENTRE AGUJAS, HILOS Y MULLOS3: TEJIENDO NARRATIVA E INTERLOCUCIONES A LA LUZ DE LA MIRADA ECOLÓGICA
Authors: Torres-Arévalo Lissette , Mendes Garcia Narjara
Published: May 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es destacar la relevancia de utilizar la narrativa (CUNHA, 1997), en mi proceso formativo como investigadora y educadora ambiental. A través de mi trayectoria y experiencia con el tejido en mullo, fui levantando varios cuestionamientos que aparecen a manera de provocaciones a lo largo del texto. Teniendo como base teórica a la Educación Estético-Ambiental (ESTÉVEZ-ÁLVAREZ, 2017 y DOLCI, 2014) y al Abordaje Bioecológico de Desarrollo Humano (BRONFENBRENNER 1996, 1998 y 2011), fui tejiendo algunas relaciones con ese tipo de artesanía y el Pueblo Saraguro, del sur de Ecuador. Pese a encontrarse narrado en primera persona, en estas líneas se entrecruzan el compañerismo y apoyo de varias mujeres, principalmente de la segunda autora —orientadora y amiga—.
Les fermes en circuits courts alimentaires au Québec : état des lieux, perspectives et défis
Authors: Mundler Patrick
Published: May 2023

Les circuits courts alimentaires suscitent un grand intérêt parce qu’ils mettent en lumière une agriculture moins industrielle, ancrée dans ses territoires et nourrissant sa communauté. Dans cet état des lieux, nous nous intéressons à leur poids économique, social et spatial dans le Québec d’aujourd’hui. Représentant encore une part marginale de l’offre et de la demande alimentaires, les fermes en circuits courts jouent pourtant un rôle qui se renforce dans l’établissement de la relève agricole. Contrairement à ce que l’on pourrait intuitivement penser, ces fermes ne sont pas seulement concentrées dans les espaces périurbains, mais se déploient dans toutes les régions du Québec, contribuant même de façon significative à la renaissance de l’agriculture dans les régions dites éloignées. Pour autant, faire vivre ces fermes est un combat quotidien. Souvent vues comme fer de lance de la transition socio-écologique de l’agriculture, ces fermes ont à relever de nombreux défis pour offrir une option plus complète. Ces défis ne sont pas seulement ceux des agriculteurs et agricultrices qui choisissent cette voie. Ils sont ceux des consommateurs, des collectivités et de l’État qui, chacun à leur manière, peuvent accompagner leur développement.
Theorstein Veblen, Jacques Derrida y Slavoj Zizek: religión, hospitalidad y modernidad
Authors: Korstanje M. E.
Published: May 2023

El mundo moderno se ha caracterizado por una pérdida gradual de los poderes eclesiásticos sobre el mundo social. El presente trabajo de revisión surge como un intento personal de poner en diálogo a tres autores quienes a pesar de su genio teórico continúan inconexos. Aun cuando se han referido desde una perspectiva materialista a la función que cumple la religión de la vida social de los hombres y la construcción de la hospitalidad, no existe todavía un trabajo que resalte las contribuciones y limitaciones tanto de Theorstein Veblen, Jacques Derrida como de Slavoj Zizek. Desde un punto de vista exegético, consideramos que la perversión no es una tergiversación del mensaje original divino sino el contenido mismo del mensaje.
La crítica del conocimiento a través del lenguaje en Nietzsche
Authors: Silva-Proll Dozo T. R.
Published: May 2023

Los escritos de Nietzsche Sobre verdad y mentira en sentido extramoral y Descripción de la retórica antigua pertenecen a una época de su producción intelectual (entre 1872 y 1875 como ha señalado Lacoue-Labarthe) en la que ensaya tomar elementos de análisis de la retórica para explicar el proceso de conocimiento a partir del lenguaje.  Por una parte, la retórica se convierte en un recurso teórico para analizar el lenguaje a partir de la actividad del propio cuerpo, esto es, la actividad de los instintos.  Por otra, permite cuestionar el estatuto del lenguaje que se presenta como verdadero, ya sea el de la ciencia o el de la filosofía, dado que se considerará que el lenguaje es originariamente tropológico o figurativo. El interés del estudio de los fragmentos y ensayos de este período reside en que las críticas al lenguaje del pensamiento metafísico que aparecen en las obras posteriores de Nietzsche remiten a sus investigaciones de ésta época, aún cuando ya no utilice el vocabulario de la retórica.
El sistema de los Tiempos y el Epos de la historia: Schelling y la historicidad del absoluto
Authors: Carrasco Conde A.
Published: May 2023

El problema de la historicidad (Geschichtlichkeit) del Absoluto, del tiempo y del devenir de la historia, convierten en Schelling toda exposición científica sobre el Absoluto en un relato en el que Pasado, Presente y Futuro conforman las reverberaciones de una totalidad procesual, histórica que ha de ser narrada épicamente. Estas reverberaciones apuntan a una comprensión del tiempo que, lejos de ser entendido éste como una sucesión de “puntos-ahora”, presenta al Pasado (Vergangenheit) como aquello que nunca ha dejado de ser: tò tì ên eînai (quod quid erat esse), esto es, el pasado que nunca ha sido presente pero solo para el cual es posible el “era”, el “es” y el “será”; el Presente (Gegenwart) por su parte se muestra literalmente como «Gegen-wart», esto es, como un “estar vigilante” (warten) “contra” (gegen), de modo que ha de ser entendido en su oposición con un pasado del que saca su propia fuerza y que permanece como aquello oculto en el fondo, pero en el modo de una latencia, de una potencia absoluta; y el Futuro (Zukunft) es aquello que el presente alcanza al tomar fuerza del propio pasado: es lo por-venir (Zu-kunft). Ningún tiempo, ninguna potencia se borra en cada Edad: sigue existiendo pero subordinándoe a la prevaleciente en este tiempo. La dinámica de este sistema de los tiempos es la que se tratará de explicar, una dinámica en la que el absoluto se muestra como pura historicidad (Geschichlichkeit).
Formalismo y materialismo: el problema de la materialidad del arte en Eduard Hanslick
Authors: Díaz Soto D.
Published: May 2023

En el origen del formalismo como teoría de las artes, y en torno al debate con cierto “materialismo” teórico de corte determinista (el de G. Semper), se plantea una antinomia entre la dimensión perceptual o fenoménica del arte y su dimensión físico-material. Ambas parecen igualmente necesarias para determinar la especificidad del arte, la cual implica, para el formalismo, la diferencialidad de las diversas artes entre sí. La antinomia está vinculada a la pretensión formalista de fundamentar la autonomía de las artes, determinándolas mediante un doble principio: uno “estético”, que acentúa la especificidad de sus respectivas “esferas sensoriales”, y otro “poiético”, que acentúa la pluralidad de sus procesos técnicos. Eduard Hanslick (autor fundacional del formalismo a mediados del siglo XIX) formuló esta problemática como cuestión de los “materiales elementales de la música”. Tras examinar dicha formulación, señalaremos los paralelismos con Konrad Fiedler y Alois Riegl, autores formalistas de la misma época. Terminaremos indicando cómo, en la futura deriva “modernista” del formalismo como discurso sobre el arte moderno, la perspectiva del acto creativo irá siendo desplazada por la de la recepción y el espectador, a la hora de abordar este problema de la “materialidad” del arte.
Lepra, idealismo y socialismo: los primeros ensayos de Ortega
Authors: García-Baró López M.
Published: May 2023

En 1916, Ortega reunió en su libro Personas, obras, cosas lo que consideró mejor de entre sus primeros ensayos, publicados casi todos en la prensa, entre 1902 y 1914. La selección fue muy atinada; pero el cuadro de las preocupaciones y la evolución del pensador se completa mucho cuando se incluyen en él todos los escritos de esos años y no sólo los mejores. En este trabajo, pues, me concentro exclusivamente en la producción de Ortega muy joven que fue efectivamente dada a conocer al público. Y dentro de esta selección todo mi interés se pone puramente en el contenido ideal y no en las peripecias biográficas que alguna vez pueden ayudar a comprenderlo. Lo que quiero investigar con cuidado es el saber que Ortega aplicaba, de cara a la sociedad española, al problema casi único con el que se ocupó en sus varias tribunas periodísticas: la regeneración de España –casi habría que decir: su resurrección–.
X-ray spectrometry applied for determination of linear attenuation coefficient of polymer-based samples as radiologically tissue-equivalent materials
Authors: Boiset Gisell Ruiz , Rosinelli Renne Rodrigues , Freire Gustavo , Moura Raissa Aline Santos , Moratta Raphael , Yoshimura Elisabeth Mateus , Costa Paulo Roberto
Published: May 2023

In this work we obtained experimental linear attenuation coefficients of polymer-based samples at diagnostic imaging energy range (15-150 keV) for eleven formulations candidates for tissue-equivalent materials (TEMs). TEMs is any material that simulates a human body part or human tissue in its interaction with radiation. In diagnostic radiology,  the maximum difference between the linear attenuation coefficient of the TEMs and the target material should be no more than 5% in the energy range of interest. A polienergetic narrow beam was obtained using a tungsten target x-ray tube and CdTe detector. The densities of the samples were determined and compared with reference materials obtaining a maximum difference of 17%. The comparisons between the  linear attenuation coefficient of the formulations and the respective reference materials for which they were initially designed, has demonstrated good correspondence over a wide energy range. Energy ranges in which the developed samples simulate other human tissues in addition to those initially considered were found, taken into account the criterion that the maximum difference between the linear attenuation coefficients does not exceed 5% is met. The results emphasize the possibility of production and characterization of TEMs to be used in the construction of imaging and dosimetry phantoms.
Magnetohydrodynamics natural convection of nanofluid flow over a vertical circular cone embedded in a porous medium and subjected to thermal radiation
Authors: Sobamowo MG , Yinusa AA , Aladenusi ST , Salami MO
Published: May 2023

In this paper, magnetohydrodynamics natural convection of nanofluid flow over a vertical circular cone immersed in a porous medium under the influence of thermal radiation is investigated using multi-step differential transformation method. The accuracies of the analytical solutions are established through the verifications of the results of the present study with the results of the numerical solutions and the past studies. The approximate analytical solutions are used to examine the impacts of cone angle, flow medium porosity, magnetic field, nanoparticles volume-fraction and shape on the flow and heat transfer behaviours of the Copper (II) Oxide-water nanoﬂuid. It is hoped that this study will enhance better understanding of flow process for the design of flow and heat transfer equipment.
Fibrin sealant as a delivery vehicle for cells, antibiotics, growth factors, and painkillers
Authors: Squires Reina
Published: May 2023

Fibrin sealant has vast uses in surgical settings for both cellular and noncellular delivery. Some advantages include biocompatibility, ability to support cell attachment, and controlled degradation rate. There are many clinical applications, from wound healing to improving bone defects to being used as an adjunct to surgery. It can also serve as a suitable delivery vehicle for cells, steroids, antibiotics, growth factors, chemotherapeutic agents, and painkillers. The composition of fibrin sealant can be altered to allow for controlled release, making it an attractive delivery system. Lastly, a wound healing model with 2 defects in the collagen construct may serve as a future application that utilizes fibrin sealant as a delivery system. This review highlights different uses of fibrin sealant as a delivery vehicle for cells, steroids, antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, growth factors, and painkillers
Typhoid fever: prevalence and risk factors among symptomatic Sudanese patients
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim , Mohamed Abdelwahid Ali Abdelwahid , IbnIdriss Gwahir Ebrahim Osman , Husein Abdalla Musa , Abdirahman Abdirahman Abdikani , Ali Mohamud Abdulkadir , Abdelrahman Nahla Ahmed Mohammed , Osman Sohep Abdalla , Ali Isam Eldeen Eltayeb Osman
Published: May 2023

Background: Typhoid fever is still a major public health issue in Sudan, notably in communities with limited healthcare systems, with an uneducated population that lives in unhygienic environments, and with residents who habitually drink unsafe water from tube wells rather than washing their hands after using the restroom. Objective: To clarify the prevalence and risk factors for typhoid fever among those who are symptomatic and consult the Omar Bin Al-Khattab Health Center, the current study was performed. Methods: To clarify the incidence and predisposing factors of typhoid fever among patients presenting at Omar Bin Al Kattab Health Center, a retrospective analytical study was performed in 2022. From each level, 50 respondents in total were selected randomly. The tool for gathering information was an open-ended questionnaire included personal data as well as risk factors. History of typhoid fever was confirmed by detection of antibodies of S. typhi by using ICT for enteric fever (ICT INTERNATIONAL ,South Africa, with sensitivity: 86.7%,specificity: 99.7%, and accuracy: 99.0% ) ,and S. paratyphi were not detected .The statistical program for the social sciences (SPSS), version 16, was used to describe and interpret the study's statistics. With the use of an anonymous research tool, respondent confidentiality was secured. Informed consent was obtained from the patients by making voluntary contact with them via their registered phone numbers. The gathered information was only intended to further the priorities of the research. Results: The plurality of study participants (66%) were between the ages of 21 and 40, and 54% (27) were undergraduates. 58% of participants have experienced typhoid (S. typhi), and 90% of interviewees were knowledgeable of the infection. In accordance with the allocation of participants based on the mode of transmission, food and drink account for 74% of all participants, making them more fundamental precepts of typhoid fever transmission. Summer was the most common season for typhoid (64%), and 52% of participants had fever as a distinct feature. 42 % of respondents claimed that the water supply was healthy. The food is heated before meals by 50% of participants, prepared at home by 40% of respondents, and purchased ready-to-eat by 18% of informants. Furthermore, 34% of people use heating to kill microbes, with vaccination being the least effective approach. Conclusion: The study revealed that the total prevalence of typhoid fever in the group studied was 58%, and knowledge, awareness, healthy and well-prepared food, as well as water supply, are significant risk factors.
Determination of indicators for the sports selection process in athletics, in the 11-12 year old category
Authors: Sánchez-Oms Alberto Bautista , Cabrera Rodriguez Mercedes Esperanza , Barroso Palmero Moraima , Perez Sierra Antonio Jesus
Published: May 2023

Many authors have approached the topic of the sport talent, developing at the present time like one of the most controversial contents in the methodology of the sport training theory. There are dissimilar models, starting from the different dimensions that characterize the selection, for that it is necessary to give a look to this thematic one, from the peculiar perspective of each sport, their context, the fellows and of the normed in the teaching programs for the ages study object. When analyzing the Teaching Program of Athletics it could verify that only a group of physical tests is guided, to know the physical level of the athletes are increased in what measure, for that, the lacks an integral focus to determine the athletes of immediate perspective, that which constitutes the object of this investigation, in which so many methods of the theoretical level are used as empirical. The proposal of indicators is an answer to the lack of integrity of the indicators that at the moment are in the instruments used by the National Commission of Athletics, that which is corroborated by the users of this sport.
A review of environmental emissions from asphalt plants and paving
Authors: Mohammed Atef MF , Saleh Inas A
Published: May 2023

Asphalt is a black, thermoplastic, hydrocarbon material extracted from crude oil and widely used in road construction all over the world. In order to meet the requirements of construction technology, asphalt always needs to be heated to flow state in the process of mixing and paving, during which a large amount of asphalt fume is released. Asphalt fume is a complex mixture of inorganic compound gases, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter, which poses a serious threat to the natural environment and the health of practitioners. This review presents HMA and WMA constituents and the potential health effects of criteria and Hazardous pollutants generated from asphalt pavement construction. Hot mix asphalt (HMA) and warm mix asphalt (WMA)are a major construction materials used for highway roads, building roads, airport runways, parking, and other pavement repairs in the worldwide. During HMA construction, a considerable number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are generated during asphalt pavement construction, and present negative effects on workers health. Accurate identification, quantification and measurement of emissions during HMA and WMA paving operations were used to identify and quantify VOCs, SVOCs, hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in asphalt fumes during production and paving activities.
mpact of laser surface modification on polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell by means of CO2 laser
Authors: Osman Islam Mohammed , Marouf Ali AS
Published: May 2023

In this research, we investigate the effect of laser texturing on the photo-electrical properties of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell. Laser surface texturing technique was used to achieve the texturing results, which based on the interaction between pulsed CO2 laser (10.6μm) and polycrystalline silicon used for solar cells. Four of photovoltaic solar cells have been textured in two dimensions in different ranges (1 cm x 1cm and 2 cm x 2 cm) with different line spacing. Solar cells with laser-modified surface were characterized by SEM as well as photo-electrically before and after texturing process. The obtained results showed that laser surface texturing with small grooves spacing, results in increasing of the melted silicon surface area which enhance the silicon electrical properties. Furthermore, it increases the optical path length inside the solar cell which enhances light trapping.
Double balloon catheter versus vaginal prostaglandins for induction of labor: an observational ambidirectional cohort study
Authors: Cruz-Lemini MD, PhD Monica , Bailón-Queiruga MD Marta , Mallén MD, PhD Maria del Carmen Medina , Fornell MD Anna Mundó , Guervós Raquel Pérez , de Luis Anna Ramos , Llurba MD, PhD Elisa
Published: May 2023

Aim: To compare effectiveness and safety of double balloon catheter and prostaglandins for induction of labor. Methods: an observational ambidirectional cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care university hospital. A total of 666 women with a Bishop score ≤6 requiring labor induction were included. A cohort of 418 patients with double balloon catheter were compared with a retrospective cohort of 248 women induced with prostaglandins, either misoprostol or dinoprostone. Perinatal outcomes were compared between groups, with a p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The cesarean-section rate was 27% in the double balloon group, compared with 27.8% in the prostaglandin group (p=0.352). The mean induction time-to-delivery was longer in the double balloon group as compared to the prostaglandin group (26.6±9.3 hrs vs 19.1±8.6 hrs, p<0.001). Hyperdynamia and umbilical-cord arterial pH<7.1 rates were significantly lower with the mechanical method compared to prostaglandins (p<0.001 and p=0.043, respectively). Other maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar between the groups. Conclusions: Double balloon catheter has similar effectiveness in terms of cesarean-section rate compared to prostaglandins, but with a better safety profile. However, the balloon catheter is associated with a longer time-to-delivery compared to prostaglandins.
Investigation of the influence of the field of co-rotation on the possibility of the long-term orbital existence of submicron particles in the plasma-sphere of the earth
Authors: AB Yakovlev , EK Kolesnikov , CV Chernov
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the influence of the electric field of co-rotation on the possibility of long holding of micro-particles with dimensions on the order of tens of nm and quasi-equilibrium charge moving along weakly elliptic orbits in the plasma-sphere of the Earth is considered with the help of analytical and numerical methods. It is shown that, unlike the magnetic field, the electric field of co-rotation causes a slow change in the shape of the orbit.
Solving the temperature problem under relativistic conditions within the frame of the first principle of thermodynamics
Authors: EV Veitsman
Published: May 2023

The first principles of thermodynamics under relativistic conditions and with allowance for surface tension were formulated. Two cases were studied - for Minkowski and Euclidean spaces. With the help of these laws, the temperature of the system was shown to vary according to Ott H at the adiabatic and non-adiabatic acceleration, i.e., the temperature increases for an observer in the laboratory reference frame as the velocity of the object increases. A Einstein considered that the temperature had, on the contrary, to decrease under these conditions as the velocity increased. It was shown where he had made an error.
Comparison of EDFA and Raman amplifiers effects on RZ and NRZ encoding techniques in DWDM optical network with bit rate of 80 Gb/s
Authors: FE Seraji , MS Kiaee
Published: May 2023

Transmission of data through the communication networks is possible by using different methods of modulation and encoding. The aim of using these techniques is to efficiently use bandwidth and transmission of digital data by using carrier waves. There is no exception for optical communication systems in which we transmit optical pulses via the light waves. Yet, propagation of the light wave through the optical fibers would incur power loss due to different attenuation mechanisms. Such a situation will cause errors in detection of signals at the receiver end. So, to circumvent this problem, use of optical amplifiers is required. Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and Raman amplifier (RA) are the most popular ones, which are used widely in the optical communications systems. In this study, by simulating a DWDM optical link with a bit rate of 80 Gb/s and a link span of 80 km, the effects of EDFA and RA on NRZ and RZ encoding techniques for modulation are investigated by using Optisystem software solver and the received optical signals are analyzed by the corresponding eye-diagrams and Q-factors.