bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical and textural properties of functional edible protein films from soybean using an innovative 3D printing technology
Authors: Dey Sriloy , Hettiarachchy Navam , Bisly Ali A. , Luthra Kaushik , Atungulu Griffiths G. , Ubeyitogullari Ali , Mozzoni Leandro Angel
Published: October 2022

Increasing market demand for sustainable, environmentally friendly edible film materials has called for the development of new customizable production methods utilizing emerging technologies such as 3D printing. We hereby report a new method to generate functional edible soy protein isolate films prepared from three types of soybeans (AR‐R11‐7999, MO‐S17‐17168, and MO‐S17‐19874R) using an innovative 3D printing technology. The protein contents in AR‐R11‐7999, MO‐S17‐17168, and MO‐S17‐19874R soybean meals and their corresponding protein isolates were 40.0, 39.1, and 39.9; and 84.5, 84.7, and 87.3 % (w/w, dry basis), respectively. Response surface methodology was used to maximize the tensile and puncture strength and minimize the thickness of the 3D‐printed edible films using protein concentration, plasticizer concentration (glycerol), and drying time as the independent variables. The optimized film production conditions were determined as soy protein concentration: 8.91%, plasticizer concentration: 3.00%, and drying time: 3.98 h with a desirability value of 0.7428. The optimized conditions were then successfully verified with the original soybean lot with a nonsignificant difference in physical properties. At the optimized conditions, the 3D‐printed edible films using three soybean lots revealed: 0.108–0.114 mm thickness; 14.79–16.07 MPa tensile strength; 6.97–8.20 N puncture strength; 90.81–91.53, −1.89 to −1.31, and 14.85–17.25 were color parameters L*, a*, and b*, respectively; 1.22–1.36 g/cm3 density; and 104.4–105.7% elongation at break ratio (%).

Practical Application

Edible soy protein films produced by an extrusion‐based 3D printing approach are highly customizable and precise, and could be produced at an industrial scale. This newly produced environment‐friendly soy protein‐based edible film can serve as an alternate packaging to synthetic plastics and reduce the environmental landfill problem while adding value to soybean produced in the mid‐south United States.
Clinical presentation, biochemical profile, and HLA haplotype frequency of celiac disease among adults in Northwest China
Authors: Shi Tian , Feng Yan , Li Zi Qiong , Lu Jia Jie , Abudurexiti Adilai , Maimaitireyimu Ayinuer , Hu Jia Li , Wang Man , Zhou Hong Bo , Abudureyimu Aini , Mei Xin , Guo Xin Wen , Liu Wei Dong , Gao Feng
Published: October 2022

Objective

To evaluate the clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters and the distribution of HLA‐DQ genotypes among adult patients with celiac disease (CD) in Northwest China.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study retrospectively collected clinical, biochemical, and HLA‐DQ genotype of patients with CD from a tertiary hospital in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China between March 2016 and December 2021. Small intestinal biopsy and serum‐specific antibodies were used to diagnose CD.

Results

Of the 102 CD patients, 63.7% were women (female: male = 1.76:1), and the mean age was 47.3 ± 14.7 years at diagnosis. Common gastrointestinal symptoms included abdominal pain (50.0%), diarrhea (39.2%), and abdominal distension (24.5%). While common extraintestinal manifestations were anemia (48.0%), osteopenia or osteoporosis (36.3%), and fatigue (35.3%). Approximately 34.3% of patients with CD had comorbidities, with the most common being thyroid diseases (18.6%). Biochemical profiles showed lower hemoglobin, higher platelet count, and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) deficiency. HLA‐DQ2/DQ8 was detected among all 53 patients who underwent genotype testing; the frequency of the HLA‐DQ2.5, DQ2.2, and DQ8 haplotypes was 71.7%, 24.5%, and 3.8%, respectively.

Conclusions

CD was more common among women. Clinical manifestations include primarily gastrointestinal symptoms, but extraintestinal manifestations were not uncommon. Lower hemoglobin level, higher platelet count, and 25[OH]D deficiency are the main biochemical manifestations. The HLA‐DQ2.5 and DQ2.2 haplotypes are the most common genotypes in CD.
Fecal microbiota transplantation may reduce the mortality of patients with severe and fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection compared to standard‐of‐care antibiotics in a community hospital
Authors: Mironova Maria , Ehrlich Adam C. , Grinspan Ari , Protano Marion‐Anna
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is known for significant morbidity and mortality. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective therapy for recurrent and resistant CDI. However, its impact on the mortality rate of patients with severe and fulminant CDI has not been rigorously studied yet. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of FMT on the mortality rate of patients with severe or fulminant CDI in a community hospital system.

Methods

Our study included 106 inpatients with severe or fulminant CDI. Both standard‐of‐care (SOC) and FMT were provided to 14 (13.2%) patients (the FMT group). SOC antibiotics alone were provided to 92 (86.8%) patients, out of whom 28 patients were included via propensity score matching in a 2:1 ratio (the SOC group). The primary outcome was defined as the composite end‐point of mortality during admission, within 30 and 90 days after discharge, and discharge with comfort measures only. Each component was a secondary end‐point.

Results

The primary outcome rate in the FMT group was 7.1% (1/14) compared to 25.0% (7/28) in the SOC group. Univariate analysis demonstrated that FMT decreases mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.58, P = 0.01). However, multivariate regression did not show statistical significance (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.01–2.53, P = 0.19), possibly due to the small sample size.

Conclusions

FMT may decrease the mortality of patients with severe and fulminant CDI. Large studies are needed to validate these findings.
Accuracy of dispatch and prehospital triage performance in poisonings – A retrospective study from northern Finland
Authors: Koskela Lauri , Raatiniemi Lasse , Ehrola Ari , Kaakinen Timo , Lahtinen Sanna , Liisanantti Janne
Published: October 2022

Background

Increasing numbers of dispatches place a burden on EMS; this study sought to assess the prehospital evaluation of poisoned patients transported to hospital. The primary aim of this study was to measure dispatch centre and EMS provider performance as well as factors contributing to the recognition of poisoning among prehospital patients. The secondary aim was to compare triage performance between dispatch centres and EMS providers.

Methods

A retrospective single‐centre study in Northern Finland was conducted. Patients suspected as poisonings by dispatch centres as well as other EMS‐transported patients who received a diagnosis of poisoning in hospital between June 1, 2015 and June 1, 2017, were included.

Results

There were a total of 1668 poisoning‐related EMS missions. Dispatch centres suspected poisonings with sensitivity of 79.9% (95% CI 76.7–82.9) and specificity of 98.9% (95% CI 98.9–99.0) when all EMS missions were taken into account. In a logistic regression model, decreased state of consciousness as dispatch code (OR 7.18, 95% CI 1.90–27.05) and intravenous fluid resuscitation (OR 6.58, 95% CI 1.34–32.37) were associated with EMS transport providers not recognizing poisoning. Overtriage rate appeared significantly higher (33.6%, 95% CI 28.6–39.2) for dispatch when compared with transport (17.8%, 95% CI 13.9–22.6).

Conclusion

Dispatch centres seem to suspect poisonings fairly accurately. Poisonings unrecognized by EMS providers may be linked with intravenous fluid resuscitation and decreased patient consciousness. Overtriage appears to resolve somewhat from dispatch to transport. There were no fatal poisonings in this study population.
Performance of a risk factor‐based approach in the detection of small for gestational age neonates: A cohort study
Authors: Wan Anna , Zampogna Christopher , Reddy Maya , Robinson Alice , Hodges Ryan , Rolnik Daniel Lorber
Published: October 2022

Background

Antenatal detection of fetal growth restriction allows the opportunity to increase surveillance and initiate intervention to prevent adverse outcomes. Detection of small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses with risk factor screening and selective ultrasonography is the standard of care in Australia, but evidence regarding performance is lacking.

Aims

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a risk factor‐based screening approach in detection of SGA neonates.

Materials and methods

Retrospective cohort study conducted in a metropolitan maternity service, including all consecutive singleton deliveries over 20 weeks gestation from July 2016 to December 2017, and excluding terminations of pregnancy. An SGA neonate was defined by birthweight below the tenth percentile according to Australian reference ranges. Antenatally detected SGA cases were defined by estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference below the tenth percentile for gestational age, or abnormal symphysio‐fundal height. The diagnostic accuracy of the screening protocol was calculated using detection rates and false‐positive rates.

Results

There were 13 384 singleton pregnancies included. There were 1330 infants (10.0%) who were SGA at birth. Antenatal detection rate of SGA neonates was 39.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 37.0–42.3%), with a false‐positive rate of 10.2% (95% CI 9.6–10.7%). There were 10 266 pregnancies (77.0%) which had at least one risk factor for an SGA infant. Of these, 6650 (64.8%) underwent at least one fetal growth ultrasound after 24 weeks gestation.

Conclusions

Antenatal recognition of poor fetal growth is suboptimal using our current screening protocol. Three‐quarters of pregnancies demonstrated risk factors for delivering an SGA infant, but growth ultrasonography may be underutilised.
Task Force on Climate‐related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) Implementation: An Overview and Insights from the Australian Accounting Standards Board Dialogue Series
Authors: Chua Wai Fong , James Ramana , King Adrian , Lee Eric , Soderstrom Naomi
Published: October 2022

The article provides an overview of recent developments and the regulatory position on sustainability reporting in Australia. It summarises practical challenges and opportunities pertinent to scenario analysis and disclosures in the Task Force on Climate‐Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) implementation discussed at the March 2022 Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) Dialogue Series session. The common theme from the discussion session is that the TCFD implementations and disclosures will improve as entities continuously understand stakeholder needs, review their climate‐related risk assessments and processes, climate‐related metrics and targets, and disclosure policies and procedures.
Iatrogenic ureteric injury during abdominal or pelvic surgery: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Yanagisawa Takafumi , Mori Keiichiro , Quhal Fahad , Kawada Tatsushi , Mostafaei Hadi , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Rajwa Pawel , Sari Motlagh Reza , Aydh Abdulmajeed , König Frederik , Pallauf Maximilian , Pradere Benjamin , Miki Jun , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin , Shariat Shahrokh F.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To assess the incidence of ureteric injuries, clinical value of prophylactic ureteric stenting and impact of intra‐ or postoperative detection of ureteric injuries in patients treated with gynaecological or colorectal surgery.

Methods

Multiple databases were searched for articles published before September 2021 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they evaluated the differences in the rate of ureteric injuries between laparoscopic and open surgery, prophylactic ureteric stenting or not, and those of final treatment success between intra‐ and postoperative detection in patients who underwent gynaecological or colorectal surgery.

Results

Overall, 46 studies were eligible for this meta‐analysis. Compared to open surgery, laparoscopic hysterectomy was associated with a higher incidence of ureteric injuries (pooled odds ratio [OR] 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–2.62), but there was no statistically significant difference in colectomy (pooled OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.77–1.03). Prophylactic ureteric stenting was associated with a lower incidence of ureteric injuries during gynaecological surgery (pooled OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39–0.96). The number needed to perform ureteric stenting to prevent one ureteric injury was 224 in gynaecological surgery. On the other hand, prophylactic ureteric stenting did not reduce the risk of ureteric injuries during colorectal surgery. Intraoperative detection of a ureteric injury was associated with a lower rate of complication management failure compared to postoperative detection (pooled OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12–0.41).

Conclusions

Laparoscopic hysterectomy seems to be associated with a higher rate of ureteric injuries compared to an open approach. Prophylactic ureteric stenting seems to reduce this risk during gynaecological surgery. Intraoperative detection of a ureteric injury during abdominal/pelvic surgery improves outcomes, suggesting the need for awareness and proactive problem identification. Further well‐designed studies assessing the candidates who are more likely to benefit from prophylactic ureteric stenting including cost analysis are needed.
DEBATE: The inevitable decline of mindfulness
Authors: Farias Miguel
Published: October 2022

The use of mindfulness meditation as a well‐being and clinical tool is being deeply challenged on various fronts. The recent failure of showing its salutary effects on schoolchildren, in a large‐scale study, which stands as the most expensive study in the history of meditation science (£6.4 million), is accompanied by growing evidence of potential adverse effects associated with mindfulness practice. It is suggested that the heightened enthusiasm surrounding the benefits of mindfulness led academics to use facile metaphors to promote it (such as comparing the mind to a muscle) and distorted its presentation – both in disseminating overhyped findings and in neglecting the report of adverse effects.
Debate: Innovations in mindfulness for young people need to take more account of their unique needs if they are to live up to their potential
Authors: Burrows Leigh
Published: October 2022

While the current popularity of mindfulness suggests that it will foster various social‐emotional, personal, and academic benefits, current claims for the benefits of mindfulness for children and young people is premature according to Butterfield, Roberts, Feltis, and Kocovski (2020) who argue that ‘despite the media hype and the increase in peer‐reviewed publications the evidence base for mindfulness programs for children is not robust’ (p. 194). A recent report from a large scale mindfulness project conducted by a number of highly experienced mindfulness researchers and involving more than 28,000 young people outlines that: ‘For the most part the young people did not engage with the mindfulness training’ and ‘our results suggested mindfulness training might work for some children and not for others, and under some conditions, but not others’ (https://myriadproject.org/what‐we‐did/). The MYRIAD project carefully tested the effects of a brief mindfulness intervention for early teens and found it to have no impact on preventing mental health problems or promoting well‐being. Researchers in this project found that since the young participants were generally not particularly engaged overall in mindfulness a more engaging accessible and effective format and teaching format and mode of delivery may have been needed. Myriad researchers included students' feedback comments: ‘didn't find it useful’; found it ‘boring’; had ‘no choice’; ‘couldn't do it; didn't do it’. More concerning is their finding of potentially harmful effects leading the researchers to state that: future research and innovations should carefully consider the unique needs and developmental stage of young people (Montero‐Marin et al., 2022, p. 123). I argue in this short ‘debate’ piece that there is a pressing need for more nuanced, broad ranging and creative qualitative research that can help us understand young people's rich subjective experience of mindfulness, why they might not engage in mindfulness and how to better tailor it for their individual needs and contexts.
Effectiveness of the International Child Development Programme: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brekke Idunn , Smith Otto R. F. , Skjønsberg Eia Elena , Holt Tonje , Helland Maren Sand , Aarø Leif Edvard , Røysamb Espen , Røsand Gun‐Mette , Torgersen Leila , Skar Ane‐Marthe Solheim , Aase Heidi
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the International Child Development Programme (ICDP), a group‐based parenting programme used internationally and implemented nationally in Norway. We used a cluster randomized controlled trial in which 81 groups were randomly assigned to either the intervention or waitlist control condition after the baseline data collection. A total of 590 parents completed at least one of three questionnaires (administrated before and after ICDP and 4 months after completing the intervention). Primary outcomes included parental self‐efficacy, parental emotion sensitivity and positive involvement with their child. Secondary outcomes included parents' perceptions of their relationship with the child, child‐rearing conflicts and the child's psychosocial health. We found significant effects favouring the intervention arm following the intervention and at follow‐up on two primary outcomes (parental self‐efficacy and emotion sensitivity). For the secondary outcomes, we found a significant reduction in child‐rearing conflict at the 4‐month follow‐up, increased closeness to the child, reduced child internalizing difficulties and increased prosocial behaviour immediately following the intervention. However, ICDP seems to have limited effects on parent‐reported changes in children. We conclude that ICDP as a universal preventive programme offered to parents in groups can be effective in strengthening parental self‐efficacy and improving parental emotion sensitivity.
Socially active volunteering students: The case of student councils
Authors: Halfon Ester
Published: October 2022

The study examined adolescents' social involvement and volunteerism in their student councils and becoming civically engaged adults. Two‐hundred and two middle‐ and high‐school students active in their councils were asked about their involvement in the student council's activities and their perception of the student council as a framework for volunteerism and social involvement. Findings revealed that middle‐ and high‐school active members had been active already in elementary school and were involved in additional school/community volunteerism projects, and their parents were civically engaged adults. To conclude, the student council is an educational platform that promotes students to develop as socially involved adult citizens.
Picturing safety and danger: Children's perspectives in rural Sierra Leone
Authors: Samonova Elena , Devine Dympna , Smith Aimee , Sugrue Ciaran , Capistrano Daniel , Sloan Seaneen , Symonds Jennifer
Published: October 2022

The question of dangers and safety in children's lives has become a matter of increasing concern. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion in this field and elaborate on children's experiences of risks and dangers in the context of chronic poverty. Drawing on the post‐humanism approach, we argue that children's conceptions of risks and dangers emerge through their active and mutual exchange with other human and non‐human beings such as rivers, trees, animals and insects, however, these perceptions should be carefully placed within the local socio‐economic context of poverty and social hierarchy.
Active surveillance for PTMC warranted for the UK population?
Authors: Maniam Pavithran , Harding Noah , Li Lucy , Adamson Richard , Hay Ashley , Nixon Ian
Published: October 2022

Background

The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing globally due to the increase in detection of subclinical, low volume papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMC) (<1 cm). Several international groups have recommended an active surveillance approach for this low‐risk disease. In contrast to many other countries, the United Kingdom's (UK's) approach to thyroid nodules is to avoid detection of incidental lesions where appropriate.

Objective

This study aims to establish the proportion of patients with thyroid cancer in the UK that would benefit from active surveillance.

Design, participants, and outcome measures

Individuals with PTMC in NHS Lothian from 2009–2020 were reviewed from a local thyroid cancer database. The mode of detection of PTMC and proportion of patients who might benefit from active surveillance were established.

Results

From 651 individuals with differentiated thyroid cancer managed over 12‐year period, 185 individuals with PTMC were identified (28.4%). The majority of PTMC 151/185 (81.6%) were either diagnosed post‐operatively following thyroidectomy for benign disease or with nodal disease. Only 24 individuals with PTMC were identified following palpable thyroid nodule, incidental finding on imaging, and surveillance screening. Therefore, when the indication for surgery was considered, only 24/651 (3.7%) patients were identified pre‐operatively and would, therefore, be realistic candidates for active surveillance.

Conclusion

Less than 4% of patients with thyroid cancer in the UK would be appropriate for active surveillance. Rather than developing programmes to deal with this minority of patients, focus should be maintained on minimising detection of these low‐risk cases.
Patch test results in a Dutch paediatric population with suspected contact allergy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Barwari Lizan , Rustemeyer Thomas , Franken Sylvie M. , Ipenburg Norbertus A.
Published: October 2022

Background

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in paediatric patients is on the rise. Continuous identification of emerging allergens is of great importance to ensure accurate patch testing.

Objectives

To assess the frequency and relevance of contact sensitivity in children and adolescents and evaluate changes in sensitization rates in the last decade.

Methods

All patients with suspected ACD who underwent patch testing at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers between 2015 and 2021 were included.

Results

Of 439 patients tested with the European Baseline Series (EBS) and additional series, 334 (76%) patients had at least 1 positive reaction and 172 patients (39%) had 1 or more relevant positive reactions. If additional series would have been omitted, 20% of patients would have been underdiagnosed. Compared to patients tested between 1996 and 2013, reactions to metal allergens, isothiazolinones, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, carba mix, amerchol L‐101, and benzophenone‐4 were more frequently observed.

Conclusions

This study confirms the need for patch testing in paediatric patients suspected of having ACD. For accurate patch testing, it is advised to include additional series.
Factors controlling SOC stability in colluvial soils under contrasting climate and soil weathering conditions
Authors: Zhao Pengzhi , Doetterl Sebastian , Wang Zhengang , Hoyt Alison M. , Wang Enheng , Yu Hanqing , Quijano Laura , Fallu Daniel J. , Brown Antony G. , Six Johan , Van Oost Kristof
Published: October 2022

Although agricultural colluvial soils are important storage for soil organic carbon (SOC), the mechanisms underlying colluvial (cumulative soils) SOC stability have received little attention so far. In this study, we aim to understand to what extent the main controls on colluvial SOC stability differ from those observed in non‐colluvial soils. Paired soil profiles (non‐colluvial versus colluvial) were collected from five sites which differ in climate, soil geochemical background and cultivation history. Topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (30–50 cm) were analysed for SOC fractions, mineral composition, potential soil respiration and radiocarbon content. Our analysis showed that for non‐colluvial soils, climate, cultivation history and weathering degree have significant effects on potential soil respiration. In contrast, for colluvial soils, the most influential factor for potential soil respiration was the rate of accretion and this was independent of climatic and geochemical context. Furthermore, accretion rates indirectly affected potential soil respiration by interacting with the degree of weathering of deposited soil. This changed the mineral matrix of colluvial soil settings and thereby may enhance soil mineral‐related SOC stabilisation mechanisms. Together, these results suggest that the dominant controls on SOC stability in colluvial soils differ from those in non‐colluvial soils, and the soil accretion rate is the most important control on colluvial SOC stability in agricultural systems.

Highlights

The dominant controls on SOC stability in colluvial and non‐colluvial soils were compared.

Climate and mineral weathering predominantly control SOC stability in non‐colluvial soils.

In contrast, the accretion rate is the key factor controlling colluvial SOC stability.

Accretion rate drives the role of mineral weathering in colluvial SOC stability.
Deficit in observational learning in experimental epilepsy
Authors: Doublet Thomas , Ghestem Antoine , Bernard Christophe
Published: October 2022

Individuals use the observation of a conspecific to learn new behaviors and skills in many species. Whether observational learning is affected in epilepsy is not known. Using the pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy, we assessed learning by observation in a spatial task. The task involves a naive animal observing a demonstrator animal seeking a reward at a specific spatial location. After five observational sessions, the observer is allowed to explore the rewarded space and look for the reward. Although control observer rats succeed in finding the reward when allowed to explore the rewarded space, epileptic animals fail. However, epileptic animals are able to successfully learn the location of the reward through their own experience after several trial sessions. Thus, epileptic animals show a clear deficit in learning by observation. This result may be clinically relevant, in particular in children who strongly rely on observational learning.
A simple methodology for creating and applying replicable, photograph‐accurate coloration to 3D‐printed models for animal behavior studies
Authors: Mesken Jarrod , Beckmann Christa , McDonald Paul G.
Published: October 2022

Researchers often use artificial models of animals to elicit and study behavior. Until recently, these models were typically handcrafted; however, 3D‐printing technology has been adopted by researchers looking to create accurate and consistent animal models from scans of living animals, taxidermies, or existing models. While 3D‐printing techniques create models with accurate and repeatable shape and size, applying coloration to these models is still typically achieved with traditional methods, such as painting by hand. These approaches can be time‐consuming and require high levels of artistic skill, creating a barrier to producing realistic models, especially when more than one model or standardized coloration is required. Here, we present a simple workflow to avoid these issues by creating a photograph‐accurate paper “skin” that can be glued onto 3D‐printed animal models to provide surface coloration. We have used this methodology to create avian models for several experiments, and found that it can create highly detailed and standardized models with minimal training and is independent of artistic skill. Additionally, this method allows the files needed to accurately recreate models to be shared digitally with other researchers, further enhancing repeatability in the field.
Genomic analyses point to a low evolutionary potential of prospective source populations for assisted migration in a forest herb
Authors: Van Daele Frederik , Honnay Olivier , De Kort Hanne
Published: October 2022

Climate change is increasingly impacting temperate forest ecosystems and many forest herbs might be unable to track the changing climate due to dispersal limitation. Forest herbs with a low adaptive capacity may therefore benefit from conservation strategies that mitigate dispersal limitation and evolutionary constraints, such as assisted migration. However, assisted migration strategies rarely consider evolutionary constraints of potential source populations that may jeopardize their success. In cases where climate adaptation is overshadowed by competing evolutionary processes, assisted migration is unlikely to support adaptation to future climates. Using a combination of population and landscape genomic analyses, we disentangled local adaptation drivers and quantified the adaptability and vulnerability to climate change of the self‐incompatible deciduous forest herb Primula elatior. Southern populations displayed a sharp genetic turnover and a considerable amount of local adaptation under diversifying selection was discovered. However, most of the outlier loci could not be linked to climate variables (71%) and were likely related to other local adaptation drivers, such as photoperiodism. Furthermore, specific adaptations to climate extremes, such as drought stress, could not be detected. This is in line with the typical occurrence of forest herbs in buffered climatic conditions, which can be expected to reduce selection pressures imposed by climate. Finally, populations in the south of the distribution area had increased sensitivity to climate change due to a reduced adaptive capacity and a moderate genetic offset, while central European populations were sensitive due to a high genetic offset. We conclude that assisted migration from southern source populations could bear significant risk due to nonclimatic maladaptation and a low adaptive capacity. Regional admixture and restoration of ecological connectivity to increase the adaptive capacity, and assisted range expansion to suitable habitat in the north might be more appropriate mitigation strategies.
Geospatial insights into the controls of microbialite formation at Laguna Negra, Argentina
Authors: Beeler Scott R. , Gomez Fernando J. , Bradley Alexander S.
Published: October 2022

Microbialites provide a record of the interaction of microorganisms with their environment constituting a record of microbial life and environments through geologic time. Our capacity to interpret this record is limited by an incomplete understanding of the microbial, geochemical, and physical processes that influence microbialite formation and morphogenesis. The modern system Laguna Negra in Catamarca Province, Argentina contains microbialites in a zone of carbonate precipitation associated with physico‐chemical gradients and variable microbial community structure, making it an ideal location to study how these processes interact to drive microbialite formation. In this study, we investigated the geospatial relationships between carbonate morphology, geochemistry, and microbial community at the macro‐ (decimeter) to mega‐ (meter) scale by combining high‐resolution imagery with field observations. We mapped the distribution of carbonate morphologies and allochtonously‐derived volcaniclasts and correlated these with sedimentary matrices and geochemical parameters. Our work shows that the macroscale distribution of different carbonate morphologies spatially correlates with microbial mat distributions—a result consistent with previous microscale observations. Specifically, microbialitic carbonate morphologies more commonly occur associated with microbial mats while abiotically derived carbonate morphologies were less commonly associated with microbial mats. Spatial variability in the size and abundance of mineralized structures was also observed, however, the processes controlling this variability remains unclear and likely represent a combination of microbial, geochemical, and physical processes. Likewise, the processes controlling the spatial distribution of microbial mats at Laguna Negra are also unresolved. Our results suggest that in addition to the physical drivers observed in other modern environments, variability in the spatial distribution of microbialites and other carbonate morphologies at the macro‐ to megascale can be controlled by microbial processes. Overall, this study provides insight into the interpretation of microbialite occurrence and distributions in the geologic record and highlights the utility of geospatial statistics to probe the controls of microbialite formation in other environments.
Stronger niche than dispersal effects on α‐ and β‐diversity of stream algae, insects, and fish across latitudes in the United States
Authors: Mruzek Joseph L. , Budnick William R. , Larson Chad A. , Luc Dinh K. , Passy Sophia I.
Published: October 2022

Aim

Niche and dispersal processes influence biodiversity, but their relative importance along latitude is unclear. We predicted that: (a) niche processes would dominate at high latitudes due to increased climatic stress, consistent with the physiological tolerance hypothesis and the Dobzhansky–MacArthur hypothesis and (b) dispersal limitation would prevail at low latitudes due to narrower niches and smaller range sizes, as postulated by the dispersal–ecological specialization trade‐off hypothesis, the latitude–niche breadth hypothesis, and Rapoport's rule.

Location

Central United States.

Time period

1993–2019.

Major taxa studied

Stream algae, insects, and fish.

Methods

We examined the relative effects of environment (climate and physicochemistry) versus space on stream biodiversity in seven latitudinal zones, spanning 19 latitudinal degrees. In each zone, species richness (α‐diversity) was analysed with multiple regression and variance partitioning. Compositional dissimilarity (β‐diversity) within zones was assessed with distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) and variance partitioning.

Results

For α‐diversity, latitudinal variability of niche and dispersal processes conformed to our predictions in all three groups, except for dispersal processes in insects. However, the drivers of β‐diversity did not follow our predictions. The latitude–niche breadth hypothesis and Rapoport's rule were weakly supported only in fish.

Main conclusions

The importance of niche and dispersal processes varied predictably along the latitudinal gradient only for α‐diversity. However, the niche effects were driven mostly by physicochemistry, and the dispersal effects were not always linked with ecological specialization and range size. This suggests that climate‐based biodiversity theories do not have particular relevance for the streams in our study. Niche processes had a greater impact than dispersal processes across species groups and diversity metrics, emphasizing the primary role of the environment.
Genetic polymorphism in the tumour necrosis factor alpha gene (G‐308A) is associated with persistent apical periodontitis in Brazilians
Authors: de Castro Guilherme Assed Piedade , Petean Igor Bassi Ferreira , de Paula‐Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia , Kuchler Erika Calvano , Antunes Leonardo dos Santos , Segato Raquel Assed Bezerra , da Silva Lea Assed Bezerra , Silva‐Sousa Alice Corrêa , Sousa‐Neto Manoel Damião
Published: October 2022

Aim

To investigate if there was an association between genetic polymorphisms in tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐⍺ and its receptors TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B with persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) in Brazilian subjects.

Methodology

Patients who had pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis at the time of treatment, with at least 1‐year of follow‐up after non‐surgical root canal treatment were recalled. Three hundred and seventy eight subjects were included, 150 subjects with signs/symptoms of PAP and 228 subjects with root canal‐treated teeth exhibiting healthy perirradicular tissues (healed). Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and used for TNF‐⍺ (rs1800629), TNFRSF1A (rs1800693) and TNFRSF1B (rs1061622) genotyping by real‐time PCR. Genotypes and alleles frequencies were evaluated by c2 or Fisher's exact tests and odds ratios were implemented (α = 5%).

Results

The genetic polymorphism in TNF‐α (rs1800629) was associated as a protective factor for the development of PAP (p < .05), once subjects who presented at least one allele A (AA+AG X GG), had a higher chance to lesion repair (p < .05). The polymorphisms rs1800693 and rs1061622 in TNF receptors (TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B, respectively) were not associated with the development of PAP (p > .05).

Conclusions

The observed results demonstrate that polymorphism in TNF‐α but not in its receptors is associated with PAP.
Skin fibrosis associated with keloid, scleroderma and Jorge Lobo's disease (lacaziosis): An immuno‐histochemical study
Authors: Tafuri Wagner Luiz , Tomokane Thaise Yumie , Silva Ana Maria Gonçalves , Kanashiro‐Galo Luciane , Mosser David Miichael , Quaresma Juarez Antonio Simões , Pagliari Carla , Sotto Mirian N.
Published: October 2022

Fibrosis is a common pathophysiological response of many tissues and organs subjected to chronic injury. Despite the diverse aetiology of keloid, lacaziosis and localized scleroderma, the process of fibrosis is present in the pathogenesis of all of these three entities beyond other individual clinical and histological distinct characteristics. Fibrosis was studied in 20 samples each of these three chronic cutaneous inflammatory diseases. An immunohistochemical study was carried out to explore the presence of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and vimentin cytoskeleton antigens, CD31, CD34, Ki67, p16; CD105, CD163, CD206 and FOXP3 antigens; and the central fibrotic cytokine TGF‐β. Higher expression of vimentin in comparison to α‐SMA in all three lesion types was found. CD31‐ and CD34‐positive blood vessel endothelial cells were observed throughout the reticular dermis. Ki67 expression was low and almost absent in scleroderma. p16‐positive levels were higher than ki67 and observed in reticular dermis of keloidal collagen in keloids, in collagen bundles in scleroderma and in the external layers of the granulomas in lacaziosis. The presence of α‐actin positive cells and rarely CD34 positive cells, observed primarily in keloids, may be related to higher p16 antigen expression, a measure of cell senescence. Low FOXP3 expression was observed in all lesion types. CD105‐positive cells were mainly found in perivascular tissue in close contact with the adventitia in keloids and scleroderma, while, in lacaziosis, these cells were chiefly observed in conjunction with collagen deposition in the external granuloma layer. We did not find high involvement of CD163 or CD206‐positive cells in the fibrotic process. TGF‐β was notable only in keloid and lacaziosis lesions. In conclusion, we have suggested vimentin to be the main myofibroblast general marker of the fibrotic process in all three studied diseases, while endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and M2 macrophages may not play an important role.
Single source precursor‐derived SiOC/TiOxCy as an anode component for Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Vendra SS Lokesh , Singh Gurpreet , Kumar Ravi
Published: October 2022

Amorphous silicon oxycarbides are known to be an effective anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. Despite their exceptional properties and high charge capacities, however, their practical uses are limited by their significant first‐cycle loss, considerable hysteresis, and low cyclic ability. Comparatively, SiOC/metal oxide materials have demonstrated increased rate capability and cyclic stability. This study utilized a liquid precursor‐derived ceramic method to modify SiOC with titanium (IV) butoxide precursor to synthesize SiOC/TiOxCy. X‐ray diffractograms confirmed the amorphous nature of SiOC/TiOxCy. The elemental composition and bonding properties were investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy was used to explore morphological features. In the first cycle, the reversible capacity of pyrolyzed SiOC/TiOxCy was 520 mAh g−1, which then increased to 736 mAh g−1 for the 1200°C annealed SiOC/TiOxCy due to the increased free carbon network and TiC conductive phases. The irreversible capacity of the first cycle was 568 mAh g−1, which was lower than the annealed SiOC irreversible capacity of 695 mAh g−1. Interestingly, the rate stability of the pyrolyzed SiOC/TiOxCy performed more stability than the annealed sample. Localized carbothermal reactions between amorphous SiOC/TiOxCy and free carbon at annealing temperatures resulted in loss of structure stability.
Emojis to conversion on social media
Authors: Mladenović Dušan , Koštiál Kamil , Ljepava Nikolina , Částek Ondřej , Chawla Yash
Published: October 2022

Emojis have become popular in online marketing communications. Marketers use emojis to humanize brand voice and elicit an emotional response from target audiences. However, little is known about how emojis are perceived and what kind of reactions they evoke. Therefore, this study aims to verify whether exposure to emojis leads to an increased intention to purchase and whether the use of emojis impacts campaign effectiveness in a real‐life environment. In a theory build‐up process, we draw upon the Dual Coding Theory and emotional contagion concept and develop seven hypotheses. We performed two data collection studies to test the hypothesized relations. The first study is based on a questionnaire (N = 318), while the second is based on experimental design in a real‐life business environment. Surprisingly, we found that using emojis had a negative effect on purchase intention, while the effect was positive when mediated by positive affect. Emojis increased the effectiveness of marketing campaigns for hedonic products and strongly impacted the return on advertising spent. The findings of this study have both theoretical and practical implications in the observed domains, particularly about the type of products emojis are most effective in promoting, gender differences, and real‐life consumer behaviour. This is the first study to use an experimental design in a real‐life scenario to capture the role of emojis on campaign effectiveness and decipher the differences between genders and their perceptions of emojis. Theoretical and practical implications together with future prospects are discussed.
African American race is a risk factor for severe hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Ulschmid Caden , Serrano Linda , Wu Ruizhe , Roth Gretchen M. , Sokumbi Olayemi
Published: October 2022

Background

African Americans face a disproportionate incidence and prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in the United States, but HS severity and outcomes across racial and ethnic groups have not been well‐established while controlling for potentially confounding factors. In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the associations of race and ethnicity with HS severity, emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and surgeries for HS while controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), tobacco use, and insurance type.

Methods

We reviewed 1190 patients seen at the Medical College of Wisconsin with ≥3 encounters for HS between 1/1/2002 and 3/19/2019, excluding those without race data or an encounter in which HS was treated.

Results

A total of 953 patients were included; 470 patients were Black or African American non‐Hispanic (49%), 39 Hispanic (4%), 418 White non‐Hispanic (44%), and 26 other race or ethnicity (3%). Controlling for age, sex, BMI, tobacco use, and insurance type, Black patients had 2.8 times the odds of having Hurley stage III disease (95% CI 1.76–4.45, P < 0.001), 2.86 times the risk for experiencing an ED visit for HS (95% CI 2.12–3.88, P < 0.001), 2.25 times the risk for experiencing a hospitalization for HS (95% CI 1.42–3.56, P < 0.001), and 1.61 times the risk for experiencing a surgical encounter for HS (95% CI 1.34–1.95, P < 0.001) when compared to White patients.

Conclusions

African Americans face significant disparities in HS severity, ED visits, hospitalizations, and surgeries. The causes of these disparities must be further investigated and addressed.
Effects of citrus fibre and soybean protein isolate on heat‐induced pork myofibrillar protein gel properties under low‐sodium salt conditions
Authors: Shi Yuxuan , Zang Mingwu , Wang Shouwei , Zhao Bing , Xu Chenchen , Bai Jing , Zhao Yan , Qiao Xiaoling , Wu Jiajia
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the combination of citrus fibre (CF) and soy protein isolate (SPI) on pork myofibrillar protein (MP) gel properties under low‐sodium salt conditions during the heating process. The composite (with CF and SPI) and single (with 1% and 2% NaCl) MP gels properties were evaluated by colour, water holding capacity (WHC), gel strength, rheological properties, microstructure, secondary structure, and water state. The addition of 0.45% CF and 1.5% SPI significantly improved WHC and gel strength, as well as increased the values of G′ and G′′ (P < 0.05). The microstructure indicated that the CF/SPI could decrease the water channels and form a denser structure through filling effects, which was also proved by the fastT21relaxation time. However, the addition of 0.9% CF and 3.0% SPI could inhibit the protein aggregation and disrupt the stable and homogeneous structure. The analysis of the secondary structure showed that the CF/SPI resulted in a lower α‐helix content and a higher β‐sheet content compared with MP gels. This study may provide some guidance for the use of CF/SPI to improve MP gel properties in low‐salt meat products.
By‐product of raspberry juice as a functional ingredient: effects on the properties and qualitative characteristics of enriched pasta
Authors: De Santis Diana , Ferri Serena , Rossi Alice , Frisoni Riccardo , Turchetti Giovanni
Published: October 2022

Raspberry pomace, the main by‐product of the raspberry juice extraction process, consists mainly of raspberry peels and seeds, rich in polyphenols and fibres. The recovery of this waste by drying and fine grinding gives a powder suitable for many applications. This study aimed to assess the technical quality, functional properties, and consumer acceptability of five pasta samples produced by replacing durum wheat semolina (Triticum durum) with 3.70%, 5.61%, 7.69%, 9.88%, and 12.00% raspberry powder. The control sample was 100% hard semolina pasta. The cooked pasta (RP) with 7.69% raspberry powder replacement showed higher acceptability values, a slight decrease in hardness, compactness, and time of optimal cooking (OCT) than the control semolina pasta (CP). Furthermore, the “half of the maximum inhibitory concentration” (IC50), evaluated through the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'‐Azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic) acid (ABTS) tests, showed an increase of about twice the antioxidant activity compared to the semolina paste, both before and after cooking.