bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate sky signal reconstruction for ground-based spectroscopy with kinetic inductance detectors
Authors: Fasano A. , Macías-Pérez J. F. , Benoit A. , Aguiar M. , Beelen A. , Bideaud A. , Bounmy J. , Bourrion O. , Bres G. , Calvo M. , Castro-Almazán J. A. , Catalano A. , de Bernardis P. , De Petris M. , de Taoro A. P. , Fernández-Torreiro M. , Garde G. , Génova-Santos R. , Gomez A. , Gómez-Renasco M. F. , Goupy J. , Hoarau C. , Hoyland R. , Lagache G. , Marpaud J. , Marton M. , Monfardini A. , Peel M. W. , Pisano G. , Ponthieu N. , Rebolo R. , Roudier S. , Rubiño-Martín J. A. , Tourres D. , Tucker C. , Vescovi C.
Published: September 2021

Context.Wide-field spectrometers are needed to deal with current astrophysical challenges that require multiband observations at millimeter wavelengths. An example of these is the KIDs Interferometer Spectrum Survey (KISS), which uses two arrays of kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) coupled to a Martin-Puplett interferometer (MPI). KISS has a wide instantaneous field of view (1 deg in diameter) and a spectral resolution of up to 1.45 GHz in the 120–180 GHz electromagnetic band. The instrument is installed on the 2.25 m Q-U-I JOint TEnerife telescope at the Teide Observatory (Tenerife, Canary Islands), at an altitude of 2395 m above sea level.

Aims.This work presents an original readout modulation method developed to improve the sky signal reconstruction accuracy for types of instruments for which a fast sampling frequency is required, both to remove atmospheric fluctuations and to perform full spectroscopic measurements on each sampled sky position.

Methods.We first demonstrate the feasibility of this technique using simulations. We then apply such a scheme to on-sky calibration.

Results.We show that the sky signal can be reconstructed to better than 0.5% for astrophysical sources, and to better than 2% for large background variations such as in “skydip”, in an ideal noiseless scenario. The readout modulation method is validated by observations on-sky during the KISS commissioning campaign.

Conclusions.We conclude that accurate photometry can be obtained for future KID-based interferometry using the MPI.
Semi-regular red giants as distance indicators
Authors: Trabucchi M. , Mowlavi N. , Lebzelter T.
Published: September 2021

Context. Semi-regular variables (SRVs) are similar to Miras in brightness, and they also follow one or more period–luminosity relations (PLRs), though not necessarily the same one as Miras. As potential standard candles they are more challenging than Miras because of their smaller variability amplitudes and less regular light curves, but they are substantially more numerous and especially promising for probing old stellar populations.

Aims. We aim to characterise the variability of SRVs, specifically focusing on their connection with Miras, in order to prepare the ground for investigating their potential as distance indicators.

Methods. We examine SRVs and Miras in the Magellanic Clouds from OGLE-III observations, with data from Gaia and 2MASS. After cleaning the sample of variability periods unrelated to pulsation, we classify each source by chemical type and combination of pulsation modes. We examine the results in terms of global photometric and pulsation properties.

Results. We identify four SRV groups that fit the general evolutionary scenario predicted by theory. SRVs dominated by fundamental-mode pulsation are very similar to Miras, especially if mono-periodic. They further split into two subgroups, one of which follows the same sequence as Miras in the period–luminosity and period–amplitude diagrams, without discontinuity.

Conclusions. The similarities between Miras and SRVs suggest that the latter can be adopted as distance indicators in a way that is complementary to the use of the former, thereby at least doubling the available number of long-period variables (LPVs) suitable for use as distance indicators. The traditional amplitude-based separation between Miras and SRVs is not necessarily appropriate, and a more physically sound criterion should also involve pulsation periods. While this would require comparatively longer time-series, they are expected to become accessible in the coming years even for weak sources thanks to current and future large-scale surveys. The table of reclassified LPVs is made public.
Some degree conditions for 𝒫≥k-factor covered graphs
Authors: Dai Guowei , Zhang Zan-Bo , Hang Yicheng , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: September 2021

A spanning subgraph of a graph G is called a path-factor of G if its each component is a path. A path-factor is called a 𝒫≥k-factor of G if its each component admits at least k vertices, where k ≥ 2. (Zhang and Zhou, Discrete Math. 309 (2009) 2067–2076) defined the concept of 𝒫≥k-factor covered graphs, i.e., G is called a 𝒫≥k-factor covered graph if it has a 𝒫≥k-factor covering e for any e∈ E(G). In this paper, we firstly obtain a minimum degree condition for a planar graph being a 𝒫≥2-factor and 𝒫≥3-factor covered graph, respectively. Secondly, we investigate the relationship between the maximum degree of any pairs of non-adjacent vertices and 𝒫≥k-factor covered graphs, and obtain a sufficient condition for the existence of 𝒫≥2-factor and 𝒫≥3-factor covered graphs, respectively.
Pharynxläsion als seltene Komplikation nach anteriorem zervikalen Débridement und Fusion (ACDF) mit ventraler Plattenosteosynthese bei florider zervikaler Spondylodiszitis – Kasuistik zu einem perioperativen Verlauf
Authors: Fuchs Holger , Spalteholz Matthias , Gulow Jens
Published: September 2021

Pharyngo-ösophageale Perforationen [PEP] sind eine sehr seltene (0,02 -1,52%) 1 jedoch lebensgefährliche Komplikation (Mortalität 16 – 50%) 2 nach anteriorer zervikaler Dekompression und Fusion. Die therapeutischen Optionen unterliegen weiterhin einer wissenschaftlichen Diskussion. Wir berichten über den Fall eines 67-jährigen Patienten mit septischem Krankheitsbild bei Aortenklappenendokarditis und Mitralklappenendokarditis sowie Nachweis einer floriden Spondylodiszitis HWK 3/4 mit knöcherner Destruktion der Endplatten sowie prävertebralem Abszess von HWK 2 – 5. Nach operativer Versorgung mittels Débridement und ACDF mit ventraler Plattenosteosynthese zeigte sich im frühen postoperativen Verlauf eine progrediente Schluckstörung mit Mediastinits, bei Arrosion und Defekt der Pharynxhinterwand. Nach Entfernung der ventralen Plattenosteosynthese konnte unter konservativer Therapie mit regelmäßigen endoskopischen Kontrollen und medikamentöser antibiotischer und antimykotischer Therapie ein Verschluss des Defektes der Pharynxhinterwand sowie ein oraler Kostaufbau erzielt werden.
Zur Bedeutung der relativen Körperoberfläche und der Körperzusammensetzung für die Wärmebilanz des Menschen
Authors: Schlich Elmar , Schlich Michaela
Published: September 2021

Einleitung Menschen geben stetig Wärme an die Umgebung ab. Die relative Körperoberfläche korreliert positiv, der isolierende Anteil an Körperfett negativ mit der Wärmebilanz.

Stand des Wissens Die relative Körperoberfläche kann mithilfe von Körpermasse, Körpergröße oder BMI hinreichend gut berechnet werden. Unterschiedliche Formeln für Frauen und Männer liefern bessere Ergebnisse. Der Anteil an Körperfett ist per Bioelektrischer Impedanzanalyse gut zu erfassen.

Aufgabenstellung und Methoden Wie ändert sich die relative Körperoberfläche bei Zu- oder Abnahme, wie unterscheiden sich Männer und Frauen und kann die Wärmebilanz mit einer Kenngröße klassifiziert werden? Dazu werden Probanden/innen vermessen und rechnerisch analysiert. Zudem werden Männer und Frauen mit demselben BMI rechnerisch miteinander verglichen. Abschließend wird geprüft, ob sich der Quotient aus relativer Körperoberfläche und Anteil an Körperfett zur Klassifizierung eignet.

Ergebnisse Untergewichtige Menschen weisen eine größere relative Körperoberfläche bei geringerem Anteil an Körperfett auf. Sie geben daher mehr Wärme an die Umgebung ab als adipöse mit geringerer relativer Körperoberfläche bei gleichzeitig größerem Anteil an Körperfett. Bei Gewichtszunahme nimmt die relative Körperoberfläche signifikant ab, bei Abnahme umgekehrt. Bei identischem BMI haben Frauen eine signifikant größere Körperoberfläche als Männer. Der Heat Performance Indicator als Quotient aus Oberfläche und Anteil an Körperfett kann Individuen zuverlässig thermodynamisch klassifizieren.

Diskussion Die relative Körperoberfläche als innovativer Parameter scheint zusammen mit dem Anteil an Körperfett dazu geeignet, Individuen hinsichtlich ihrer Wärmebilanz besser zu beurteilen. Dabei zeigen sich selbstverstärkende Effekte, bei Adipositas durch geringere Oberfläche bei gleichzeitig mehr Fett, bei Untergewicht durch größere Oberfläche bei gleichzeitig weniger Fett. Weitere Forschungsarbeiten zur ernährungsmedizinischen Absicherung sind jedoch erforderlich.
Übergabe von Verletzten an der Schnittstelle Rettungsdienst – Notaufnahme
Authors: Roessler Markus , Spering Christopher
Published: September 2021

Die Versorgung eines Verletzten in einer zentralen Notfallaufnahme bzw. eines Schwerverletzten im Schockraum stellt hohe Anforderungen an Organisation, Personal und Material, da Patienten aller Altersklassen und mit allen denkbaren Verletzungen mit potenziellen oder manifesten Störungen der Vitalfunktionen zur Aufnahme kommen. Die multiprofessionellen Teams von Rettungsdienst und Notaufnahme müssen daher gut ausgebildet sein und idealerweise gemeinsam ihre Handlungsabläufe trainieren. Nur wenn jeder bei der Übergabe eines Patienten Anwesende weiß, wie die Abläufe sind und welche Aufgaben die Teammitglieder wahrnehmen müssen, wird in kritischen Situationen ein Arbeiten Hand in Hand möglich sein. Sind all diese Voraussetzungen erfüllt, ist ein Schockraumteam in der Lage, bei schwerstkranken und -verletzten Patienten die Vitalfunktionen zu stabilisieren, korrekte Diagnosen zu stellen und damit wesentlichen Einfluss auf das Überleben und den weiteren Krankheitsverlauf des
Patienten zu nehmen.
Outcomes of Repair of Total Graft Detachment following Descemetʼs Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Adler Avital , Rozanes Eliane , Ciechanowski Peter , Nahum Yoav , Graffi Shmuel , Elbaz Uri , Bahar Irit , Livny Eitan
Published: September 2021

Objective To present the outcomes of attempts to salvage total graft detachment following Descemetʼs membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods A search of the electronic medical records of two tertiary medical centers for all patients who underwent DMEK yielded six cases of postoperative total graft detachment (2.54%). Graft salvage was attempted in all cases using repeated intracameral graft staining, unfolding, and reattachment to the stroma under 20% hexafluoride gas.

Results In all cases, a free-floating totally detached graft was identified in the anterior chamber shortly after surgery. Salvage surgery resulted in a central, well-oriented, and fully attached graft. In three cases, the primary graft failed, and in two, the corneas cleared at first but failed after 2 months and 1 year respectively. In one case, the cornea remained clear during 1 year of follow-up but had a very low endothelial cell density.

Conclusion Reattachment of fully detached DMEK graft is technically possible, but graft manipulation during the primary and secondary operations is likely to damage the endothelial cells, resulting in primary or early graft failure. If graft salvage is attempted, the probability of primary or early graft failure should be discussed with the patient, and expectations should be tempered accordingly.
Bedeutung der Einfluss- und protektiven Faktoren bei der psychischen Belastung von medizinischem Personal in Zeiten der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie
Authors: Thielmann Beatrice , Schumann Heiko , Ulbrich Ruben , Böckelmann Irina
Published: September 2021

Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie hat nicht nur die Gesellschaft, sondern auch das Gesundheitssystem vor Herausforderungen gestellt. Bei medizinischem Fachpersonal ist eine psychische Belastung
reichlich vorhanden. Die vorliegende Arbeit reflektiert die Bedeutung von Einfluss- und schützenden Faktoren im Umgang mit der psychischen Belastung bei medizinischem Personal insgesamt. Vor
diesem Hintergrund ist es möglich, neue Erkenntnisse mit Blick auf das Rettungsdienstpersonal abzuleiten, in Zeiten der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie.

Dabei kristallisieren sich belastende Faktoren, wie erhöhte Arbeitsanforderungen und gesellschaftliche Erwartungen an das Gesundheitssystem, das Risiko einer Infektion und die damit
verbundene Sorge um Infektion der eigenen Angehörigen, heraus. Rollenkonflikte zwischen beruflicher Verantwortung, Angst und Schuldgefühlen bestehen. Die rechtzeitige Gegensteuerung gegen
Belastungen ist ein effektiver Weg, um langfristige negative Beanspruchungsfolgen bei medizinischem Personal zu vermeiden.

Ein gemeinsames Handeln von Arbeitgebern, Führungskräften, Angestellten und Betriebsärzten im präventiven Kontext erscheint insbesondere während der Pandemie wichtig. Es werden Hinweise zum
Umgang mit psychischen Belastungen für medizinisches Personal unterschiedlicher Verantwortungsebenen dargestellt und Präventionsansätze abgeleitet.
Treating Chronic Wounds Using Photoactive Metabolites: Data Mining the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for Potential Lead Species
Authors: Scotti Francesca , Mou Linru , Huang Chen , Booker Anthony , Weckerle Caroline , Maake Caroline , Heinrich Michael
Published: September 2021

Efficient wound treatment that addresses associated infections and inflammation remains one of the big unmet needs, especially in low- and middle-income countries. One strategy for securing better healthcare can be using medicinal plants if sufficient evidence on their safety and therapeutic benefits can be ascertained. A unique novel opportunity could be photo-enhanced wound treatment with a combination of light-sensitive plant preparations and local exposure to daylight. Data mining strategies using existing resources offer an excellent basis for developing such an approach with many potential plant candidates. In the present analysis, we researched the 535 botanical drugs included in the Chinese pharmacopeia and identified 183 medicinal plant species, 82 for treating open wounds caused by trauma and 101 for inflammatory skin conditions. After further screening for reports on the presence of known photoactive compounds, we determined a core group of 10 scientifically
lesser-known botanical species that may potentially be developed into more widely used topical preparations for photodynamic treatment of infected wounds. Our predictive approach may contribute to developing a more evidence-based use of herbal medicines.
Transition Metal Complex Catalyzed Photo- and Electrochemical (De)hydrogenations Involving C=O and C=N Bonds
Authors: Siewert Inke , Fokin Igor , Kuessner Kai-Thorben
Published: September 2021

Herein, we summarize the photo- and electrochemical protocols for dehydrogenation and hydrogenations involving carbonyl and imine functions. The three basic principles that have been explored to interconvert such moieties with transition metal complexes are discussed in detail and the substrate scope is evaluated. Furthermore, we describe some general thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of such electro- and photochemically driven reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Dehydrogenation Reactions

2.1 Electrochemical Dehydrogenations Using High-Valent Metal Species

2.2 Electrochemical Dehydrogenations Involving Metal Hydride species

2.3 Photochemically Driven Dehydrogenation

3 Hydrogenation Reactions

3.1 Electrochemical Protocols

3.2 Photochemical Protocols

4 Conclusion

5 Abbreviations
Synthesis of Aryl Dithiocarbamates from Tetramethylthiuram Monosulfide (TMTM) and Aryl Boronic Acids: Copper-Catalyzed Construction of C(sp2)–S Bonds
Authors: Xia Xu-Ling , Zhu Qi-Long , Dong Zhi-Bing , Chen Jin-Quan , Shi Zhen
Published: September 2021

A highly efficient method for the synthesis of S-aryl dithiocarbamates is reported. By using tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM) and aryl boronic acids as starting materials, C(sp2)–S bond-forming reactions proceed smoothly to give the desired aryl dithiocarbamates in good to excellent yields. The methodology features a simple procedure, broad functional group tolerance and excellent yields, whilst showing potential synthetic value for the preparation of a diverse range of biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds.
Researcher Perceptions of a Self-Service Online Portal to Facilitate Volunteer Recruitment into Clinical Trials
Authors: Emani Srinivas , Hsieh Yichuan Grace , Estey Greg , Parker Holly M. , Zhang Xiaofeng , Donelan Karen , Chung Jeanhee A.
Published: September 2021

Background Recruitment of volunteers is a major challenge for clinical trials. There has been increasing development and use of Internet-based portals in recruitment for clinical research. There has been little research on researcher use and perceptions of these portals.

Objectives This study evaluated researcher perceptions of use of Rally, an Internet-based portal for clinical trial volunteer recruitment.

Methods A cross-sectional survey was developed and implemented to understand researcher perceptions. From theoretical models of information technology use, the survey adopted items in four domains: ease of use, usefulness, facilitating conditions, and self-efficacy. The dependent variable was researchers' behavioral intention to use Rally. The survey captured characteristics of researchers such as gender, age, and role. It was implemented using the REDCap survey tool. An email invitation followed by three reminders was sent to researchers. A hierarchical regression model was applied to assess predictors of behavioral intention.

Results The survey response rate was 35.6% (152 surveys received from 427 contacted researchers). In the hierarchical regression model, facilitating conditions and self-efficacy predicted behavioral intention (F (4,94) = 6.478; p <0.001). The model explained 21.6% of the variance in behavioral intention (R-square change = 21.3%, p <0.001).

Conclusion Facilitating conditions and self-efficacy predicted researchers' behavioral intention to use Rally for volunteer recruitment into clinical trials. Future research should document best practices and strategies for enhancing researcher use of online portals for volunteer recruitment.
A Normative Observational Study of the Relationship of the Philtral Ridges to the Columellar Base in South-Indian Population and its Significance on Cleft Lip Repair
Authors: Fernandes Deyonna Deepthi , Hussain Syed Altaf
Published: September 2021

Introduction The philtral ridges form a prominent visual landmark in the upper lip. An aesthetically pleasing cleft lip repair should restore this preferably without any scars cutting across it. Although there are several scientific publications on morphology of this structure and its variations, very few studies on the Indian population have been published.

Aim To study the morphology of the philtral ridges and their relationship to the columellar base in normal Indian children and its significance in cleft lip repair.

Methods 115 normal healthy children from southern India aged between one and 12 years were studied based on direct observation of the relationship of the superior end of the philtral ridge to the columellar base and nasal sill. In type A, the philtral ridge terminates at the nasal sill just lateral to the columellar base, and in type B, it either reaches or fades before reaching the columellar base. All observations were performed by the first author by examining standardized two-dimensional (2D) photographs of the upper lip-nose complex.

Results In this study, 74% of the subjects had the philtral column extending lateral to the columellar base.

Conclusion These finding assume a significance since, in a substantial proportion of the studied population, techniques of cleft lip repair such as the rotation advancement method, place a scar that crosses the upper third of the philtral ridge which may be undesirable.
Ruling out Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with (Suspected) COVID-19—A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Stals Milou A.M. , Kaptein Fleur H.J. , Bemelmans Remy H.H. , van Bemmel Thomas , Boukema Inge C. , Braeken Dionne C.W. , Braken Sander J.E. , Bresser Carlinda , Cate Hugo ten , Deenstra Duco D. , Dooren Yordi P.A. van , Faber Laura M. , Grootenboers Marco J.J.H. , Haan Lianne R. de , Haazer Carolien , Sol Antonio Iglesias del , Kelliher Sarah , Koster Ted , Kroft Lucia J.M. , Meijer Rick I. , Pals Fleur , van Thiel Eric R.E. , Westerweel Peter E. , Wolde Marije ten , Klok Frederikus A. , Huisman Menno V. ,   on behalf of the Dutch COVID & Thrombosis Coalition (DCTC)
Published: September 2021

Background Diagnostic strategies for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) have not been prospectively evaluated in COVID-19 patients.

Methods Prospective, multicenter, outcome study in 707 patients with both (suspected) COVID-19 and suspected PE in 14 hospitals. Patients on chronic anticoagulant therapy were excluded. Informed consent was obtained by opt-out approach. Patients were managed by validated diagnostic strategies for suspected PE. We evaluated the safety (3-month failure rate) and efficiency (number of computed tomography pulmonary angiographies [CTPAs] avoided) of the applied strategies.

Results Overall PE prevalence was 28%. YEARS was applied in 36%, Wells rule in 4.2%, and “CTPA only” in 52%; 7.4% was not tested because of hemodynamic or respiratory instability. Within YEARS, PE was considered excluded without CTPA in 29%, of which one patient developed nonfatal PE during follow-up (failure rate 1.4%, 95% CI 0.04–7.8). One-hundred seventeen patients (46%) managed according to YEARS had a negative CTPA, of whom 10 were diagnosed with nonfatal venous thromboembolism (VTE) during follow-up (failure rate 8.8%, 95% CI 4.3–16). In patients managed by CTPA only, 66% had an initial negative CTPA, of whom eight patients were diagnosed with a nonfatal VTE during follow-up (failure rate 3.6%, 95% CI 1.6–7.0).

Conclusion Our results underline the applicability of YEARS in (suspected) COVID-19 patients with suspected PE. CTPA could be avoided in 29% of patients managed by YEARS, with a low failure rate. The failure rate after a negative CTPA, used as a sole test or within YEARS, was non-negligible and reflects the high thrombotic risk in these patients, warranting ongoing vigilance.
Apixaban and Dalteparin for the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Different Sites of Cancer
Authors: Agnelli Giancarlo , Muñoz Andrés , Franco Laura , Mahé Isabelle , Brenner Benjamin , Connors Jean M. , Gussoni Gualberto , Hamulyak Eva N. , Lambert Catherine , Suero Maria Rosales , Bauersachs Rupert , Torbicki Adam , Becattini Cecilia
Published: September 2021

Efficacy and safety of anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism (VTE) may vary in patients with different cancer sites. We evaluated the rates of VTE recurrence and major bleeding and the relative efficacy and safety of 6-month treatment with oral apixaban or subcutaneous dalteparin in patients with different cancer sites randomized in the Caravaggio study. Primary cancer was located at gastrointestinal sites in 375 patients (32.5%), lung in 200 (17.3%), breast in 155 (13.4%), genitourinary sites in 139 (12%), gynecological sites in 119 (10.3%), and was hematological in 85 patients (7.4%). Rates of VTE recurrence were 10.9% in patients with gynecological, 8.8% with gastrointestinal, 6.5% with genitourinary, and 5.5% with lung cancer with lower rates in the other sites of cancer. Rates of major bleeding were 7.2% in patients with genitourinary and 4.8% with gastrointestinal cancer, with lower rates in patients with other sites of cancer. The observed absolute risk difference in VTE recurrence in favor of apixaban was 11.9% in patients with gynecological, 5.5% with lung, 3.7% with genitourinary cancer, and 0.6% with gastrointestinal cancer. None of the risk differences was statistically significant. The rates of major bleeding in patients treated with apixaban or dalteparin was similar across patients with different cancer sites. In conclusion, recurrences appear to be more common in patients with gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer and major bleedings in patients with genitourinary and gastrointestinal cancer. Oral apixaban is a valid oral alternative to subcutaneous dalteparin for the treatment of a large spectrum of patients with cancer-associated VTE.
An Analysis of Electronic Health Record Work to Manage Asynchronous Clinical Messages among Breast Cancer Care Teams
Authors: Steitz Bryan D. , Unertl Kim M. , Levy Mia A.
Published: September 2021

Objective Asynchronous messaging is an integral aspect of communication in clinical settings, but imposes additional work and potentially leads to inefficiency. The goal of this study was to describe the time spent using the electronic health record (EHR) to manage asynchronous communication to support breast cancer care coordination.

Methods We analyzed 3 years of audit logs and secure messaging logs from the EHR for care team members involved in breast cancer care at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. To evaluate trends in EHR use, we combined log data into sequences of events that occurred within 15 minutes of any other event by the same employee about the same patient.

Results Our cohort of 9,761 patients were the subject of 430,857 message threads by 7,194 employees over a 3-year period. Breast cancer care team members performed messaging actions in 37.5% of all EHR sessions, averaging 29.8 (standard deviation [SD] = 23.5) messaging sessions per day. Messaging sessions lasted an average of 1.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.24) minutes longer than nonmessaging sessions. On days when the cancer providers did not otherwise have clinical responsibilities, they still performed messaging actions in an average of 15 (SD = 11.9) sessions per day.

Conclusion At our institution, clinical messaging occurred in 35% of all EHR sessions. Clinical messaging, sometimes viewed as a supporting task of clinical work, is important to delivering and coordinating care across roles. Measuring the electronic work of asynchronous communication among care team members affords the opportunity to systematically identify opportunities to improve employee workload.
Genioplasty and Mandibular Implants
Authors: Shokri Tom , Rosi-Schumacher Mattie , Petrauskas Laura , Chan David , Ducic Yadranko
Published: September 2021

Genioplasty is a useful technique employed for both aesthetic and, in the case of obstructive sleep apnea, functional purposes. Mandibular implants similarly represent a powerful tool in the facial surgeons armamentarium. Herein, we review relevant anatomy, patient evaluation, and various techniques employing both alloplastic augmentation and osseous modification of the mandible.
Postoperative Pain and Opioid Use after Facial Feminization Surgery
Authors: Chou David W. , Block-Wheeler Nikolas R. , Kshirsagar Rijul , Brandstetter Kathleyn , Kleinberger Andrew , Shih Charles
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study is to characterize surgical pain after facial feminization surgery (FFS) and delineate postoperative opioid usage. It is a retrospective cohort study. It was performed in a multicenter integrated health care system. Electronic medical records were reviewed for patient demographic characteristics, medical history, pain medication prescriptions, and responses to a postoperative pain survey. Student's t-test and the Mann–Whitney U-test were used for bivariate analysis. Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical data. Seventy-four patients who underwent FFS were included. The mean (standard deviation) reported “average” postoperative pain score was 4.3 (2.3) out of 10. A total of 58% of patients reported pain lasting 5 or fewer days after surgery. The severity and duration of postoperative pain was similar between patients who underwent partial-FFS or full-FFS. A total of 68% of patients required fewer than 15 opioid tablets. There were no significant differences in the quantity of opioids prescribed or used between patients who underwent partial-FFS or full-FFS. Older age and premorbid mood disorder did not correlate with greater severity/duration of pain or number of opioids used after surgery. Most patients required fewer than 15 opioid tablets after surgery and experienced less than a week of postoperative pain. Patients undergoing full-FFS did not appear to experience significantly greater pain than those undergoing fewer procedures. Older age and premorbid mood disorder were not predictors of worse pain outcomes or greater opioid utilization.
A Meta-analysis of the Utility of Red Cell Distribution Width as a Biomarker to Predict Outcomes in Pediatric Illness (PROSPERO CRD42020208777)
Authors: Murphy Devin , Orgel Etan , Koek Wouter , Frei-Jones Melissa , Denton Christopher , Kamat Deepak
Published: September 2021

Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an average of the variation in red blood cell (RBC) sizes reported on a complete blood count. An elevated RDW indicates a pathological process that is affecting erythropoiesis. Studies showed that as the severity of disease process increases, the RDW often increases as well. Particularly in resource-limited countries, RDW has been studied as an outcome predictor for conditions in a variety of disciplines and is offered as an adjunct monitoring tool that is cost effective, readily available, and indicative of pathological processes amenable to intervention. Particularly in pediatric critical care settings, RDW has been shown to be a reliable tool for surveillance of disease states such as sepsis. Despite the increased attention of RDW as a marker for disease outcome, collective evaluation on the utility of RDW as a marker for outcome in pediatric critical care settings is lacking. We offer a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to assess the ability of RDW to predict illness severity and mortality among pediatric critical care patients. Among eight studies of over 4,800 patients, we found over a two-fold increase in odds for mortality in critically ill children whose RDW was above 15.7%. This is the first systematic review of RDW being used to predict mortality in critically ill children and findings of this study may prompt early intervention in the pediatric critical care setting.
Investigating thermoelectric properties in conjugated polymer polyl thin films to achieve higher levels of performance
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: September 2021

Achieving high levels of conductivity by aligning polymer chains in the direction of current flow and using a stable doping method.
Symmetric function theory and unitary invariant ensembles
Authors: Jonnadula Bhargavi , Keating Jonathan P. , Mezzadri Francesco
Published: September 2021

Representation theory and the theory of symmetric functions have played a central role in random matrix theory in the computation of quantities such as joint moments of traces and joint moments of characteristic polynomials of matrices drawn from the circular unitary ensemble and other circular ensembles related to the classical compact groups. The reason is that they enable the derivation of exact formulas, which then provide a route to calculating the large-matrix asymptotics of these quantities. We develop a parallel theory for the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE) of random matrices and other related unitary invariant matrix ensembles. This allows us to write down exact formulas in these cases for the joint moments of the traces and the joint moments of the characteristic polynomials in terms of appropriately defined symmetric functions. As an example of an application, for the joint moments of the traces, we derive explicit asymptotic formulas for the rate of convergence of the moments of polynomial functions of GUE matrices to those of a standard normal distribution when the matrix size tends to infinity.
Spatially resolved online particle detector using scintillators for laser-driven particle sources
Authors: Hesse M. , Ebert T. , Zimmer M. , Scheuren S. , Schaumann G. , Roth M.
Published: September 2021

Laser-based particle accelerators have been an active field of research for over two decades moving from laser systems capable of one shot every hour to systems able to deliver repetition rates in the Hz regime. Based on the advancements in laser technology, the corresponding detection methods need to develop from single to multiple use with high readout speed. Here, we present an online compact tracker of particles using scintillators with nine resolvable energy levels and a spatial resolution of 3.6 × 3.6 mm2 over the whole active area. This paper describes the design and construction of the detector, which is based on pixellated scintillators embedded inside an absorber matrix. The scintillator pixels are fiberoptically coupled to a camera system for online readout and analysis. Calibration with a radioactive source and first experimental data measuring laser accelerated ions at the PHELIX laser at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, are presented and discussed.
A robust high sensitivity scanning thermal probe for simultaneous microscale thermal and thermoelectric property mapping
Authors: Kempf Nicholas , Zhang Yanliang
Published: September 2021

Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) provides efficient thermal property measurement with micro- or nanoscale spatial resolution. However, the sensitivity and accuracy of state-of-the-art thermal probes have been limited by excessive thermal contact resistance between the probe and sample. Introduced herein is a robust thermal microprobe that can increase the probe-sample contact force by more than two orders of magnitude, thereby reducing the probe-sample thermal contact resistance by as much as 96% and increasing measurement sensitivity by more than 240% compared to a commercial thermal probe with the same dimensions and measurement principle. The relationship between the probe-sample thermal contact resistance, thermal exchange radius, and sample thermal conductivity is determined experimentally. Simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient with unprecedented sensitivity is demonstrated using the enhanced scanning thermal microprobe on samples of an extended range of thermal conductivity up to 18 W/m K, increasing the range of samples applicable to SThM when compared to the conventional commercial probe with diminished measurement sensitivity above ∼10 W/m K. The probe is further demonstrated by simultaneously mapping thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient as a function of depth from the irradiated surface of an ion-irradiated bulk nanostructured thermoelectric material. In addition to enabling microscale thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient measurement of materials previously not applicable to SThM, the probe can also facilitate high-throughput characterization of combinatorial materials to aid the rapid discovery of compositions and processing conditions that yield highly desired thermal and thermoelectric properties.
Cesium polytungstate in sputtered solar control films. I. Microstructure and optical properties
Authors: Sato Keiichi , Ando Isao , Yoshio Satoshi , Adachi Kenji
Published: September 2021

Sputtered thin films with strong near-infrared absorption and high visible transmission and electrical resistivity (≥102 Ω cm) have been obtained using highly conductive cesium tungsten bronze targets. The origin of the low electrical conductivity and high near-infrared absorption of the films has been investigated by focusing on internal defects and reported in two parts. In Paper I, the optical and electrical properties of the films and their microstructural characterization using x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy are presented. Abundant planar W and Cs defects were found on hexagonal prismatic planes that locally expanded the defect plane and triggered the hexagonal-to-orthorhombic crystallographic transition. These cationic defects diminished conduction electrons and suppressed electrical conduction, whereas oxygen vacancies generated W5+-trapped electrons to activate polaronic excitations for strong near-infrared absorption.
Hybrid optical-electronic neural network with pseudoinverse learning for classification inference
Authors: Chen Jiangzhi , Peng Jiebin , Yang Chenwen , Dun Xiong , Cheng Xinbin , Chen Hong , Ren Jie
Published: September 2021

Constructing optical neural networks as analog artificial neural networks becomes a research highlight of implementing machine learning in a physical system. However, the training of an optical neural network with backpropagation error correction requires a complicated and less-efficient computational process. Here, we introduce a hybrid optical-electronic neural network to produce efficient artificial learning of handwritten digits without the backpropagation process. In the proposal, one can illuminate an input image with incident light and map the input image to a feature vector according to the transmitted light intensity. One can then encode the feature vector as an array of light and use an optical matrix multiplication unit to multiply the feature vector by a learning weight matrix. This learning weight matrix is realized by the spatial light modulator, which is constructed from the pseudoinverse learning method. The output light intensity through the optical multiplication unit represents the recognition result of the input image. The proposed neural network without backpropagation achieves sufficient accuracy of handwritten digits classification, exposing the advantages of training speed acceleration and energy efficiency improvement.
Fabrication of fused silica microstructure based on the femtosecond laser
Authors: Jian Dunxiang , Hou Zhanqiang , Wang Chengxiang , Zhuo Ming , Xiao Dingbang , Wu Xuezhong
Published: September 2021

Ultrafast pulsed lasers can facilitate the manufacturing of complex microstructures. However, previous laser processing applications have focused on static components. Consequently, the application of laser processing in high-performance resonant structures has received less attention. Ultrafast lasers provide a unique opportunity for realizing the structure detachment from the planar fused silica substrates. However, the processing quality has a considerable influence on resonant structures. High-quality and high-efficiency laser manufacturing methods are critical for processing resonant structures. In this study, we demonstrate a method for processing fused silica microstructures based on the femtosecond laser. We studied the influence of different laser parameters on the processing quality and determined the optimal laser parameters suitable for the microstructure. The resonant structure of the butterfly gyroscope was used to verify the manufacturing method. A steepness of 86.6° and a roughness of 653.2 nm were achieved by using the optimized laser parameters. These are expected to provide technical support for the development of high-performance fused silica dynamic devices in the future.
A deep autoencoder framework for discovery of metastable ensembles in biomacromolecules
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Satyabrata , Mondal Jagannath
Published: September 2021

Biomacromolecules manifest dynamic conformational fluctuation and involve mutual interconversion among metastable states. A robust mapping of their conformational landscape often requires the low-dimensional projection of the conformational ensemble along optimized collective variables (CVs). However, the traditional choice for the CV is often limited by user-intuition and prior knowledge about the system, and this lacks a rigorous assessment of their optimality over other candidate CVs. To address this issue, we propose an approach in which we first choose the possible combinations of inter-residue Cα-distances within a given macromolecule as a set of input CVs. Subsequently, we derive a non-linear combination of latent space embedded CVs via auto-encoding the unbiased molecular dynamics simulation trajectories within the framework of the feed-forward neural network. We demonstrate the ability of the derived latent space variables in elucidating the conformational landscape in four hierarchically complex systems. The latent space CVs identify key metastable states of a bead-in-a-spring polymer. The combination of the adopted dimensional reduction technique with a Markov state model, built on the derived latent space, reveals multiple spatially and kinetically well-resolved metastable conformations for GB1 β-hairpin. A quantitative comparison based on the variational approach-based scoring of the auto-encoder-derived latent space CVs with the ones obtained via independent component analysis (principal component analysis or time-structured independent component analysis) confirms the optimality of the former. As a practical application, the auto-encoder-derived CVs were found to predict the reinforced folding of a Trp-cage mini-protein in aqueous osmolyte solution. Finally, the protocol was able to decipher the conformational heterogeneities involved in a complex metalloenzyme, namely, cytochrome P450.
High-power single-mode triple-ridge waveguide semiconductor laser based on supersymmetry
Authors: Zhao Xiaolei , Zeng Siwei , Sweatt Lance , Zhu Lin
Published: September 2021

To achieve a high-power single-transverse mode laser, we here propose a supersymmetry-based triple-ridge waveguide semiconductor laser structure, which is composed of an electrically pumped main broad-ridge waveguide located in the middle and a pair of lossy auxiliary partner waveguides. The auxiliary partner waveguides are designed to provide dissipative modes that can phase match and couple with the higher-order modes in the main waveguide. By appropriately manipulating the gain–loss discrimination of the modes in the laser cavity, one can effectively suppress all the undesired higher-order transverse modes while keeping the fundamental one almost unaffected, thereby ensuring stable single-mode operation with a larger emitting aperture and accordingly a higher output power than a conventional single-transverse-mode ridge waveguide diode laser.
A compact two-dimensional quantum magnetometer module based on the fixed-frequency optical detection of magnetic resonance using nitrogen vacancy centers
Authors: Huang Kun , Nie Yunlong , Du Baixi , Jiang Jinlong , Zhang Zichuan , Wang Qi , Xu RanRan
Published: September 2021

In this Letter, we propose an integrated two-dimensional magnetometer module based on nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond. The sensor has a constructed area of 7.12 cm2 and exhibits a magnetic-field sensitivity of approximately 25.12 nT/Hz1/2. By placing anti-microwave shield nets optimizing interference distance, the integrated scheme eliminates the effects of microwave interference on the amplifier. We propose the fixed-frequency optical detection of magnetic resonance, which is used to measure the relation between the magnetic field and the photoluminescence by scanning the magnetic field. Without relying on the lock-in technique, we developed an algorithm for analyzing the magnetic noise based on the PL noise analysis.
Vapor pressures and vapor phase compositions of choline chloride urea and choline chloride ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvents from molecular simulation
Authors: Salehi Hirad S. , Polat H. Mert , de Meyer Frédérick , Houriez Céline , Coquelet Christophe , Vlugt Thijs J. H. , Moultos Othonas A.
Published: September 2021

Despite the widespread acknowledgment that deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have negligible vapor pressures, very few studies in which the vapor pressures of these solvents are measured or computed are available. Similarly, the vapor phase composition is known for only a few DESs. In this study, for the first time, the vapor pressures and vapor phase compositions of choline chloride urea (ChClU) and choline chloride ethylene glycol (ChClEg) DESs are computed using Monte Carlo simulations. The partial pressures of the DES components were obtained from liquid and vapor phase excess Gibbs energies, computed using thermodynamic integration. The enthalpies of vaporization were computed from the obtained vapor pressures, and the results were in reasonable agreement with the few available experimental data in the literature. It was found that the vapor phases of both DESs were dominated by the most volatile component (hydrogen bond donor, HBD, i.e., urea or ethylene glycol), i.e., 100% HBD in ChClEg and 88%–93% HBD in ChClU. Higher vapor pressures were observed for ChClEg compared to ChClU due to the higher volatility of ethylene glycol compared to urea. The influence of the liquid composition of the DESs on the computed properties was studied by considering different mole fractions (i.e., 0.6, 0.67, and 0.75) of the HBD. Except for the partial pressure of ethylene glycol in ChClEg, all the computed partial pressures and enthalpies of vaporization showed insensitivity toward the liquid composition. The activity coefficient of ethylene glycol in ChClEg was computed at different liquid phase mole fractions, showing negative deviations from Raoult’s law.
Structure of cell–cell adhesion mediated by the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule
Authors: Guo Luqiang , Wu Yichun , Chang Haishuang , Zhang Ze , Tang Hua , Yu Yang , Xin Lihui , Liu Yingbin , He Yongning
Published: September 2021

Significance

The Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) is broadly expressed in the nervous system and functions in neural development and network formation by mediating homophilic adhesion between cells. Here we explored the in situ assembly of DSCAM using multiple biochemical and biophysical methods and found that mouse DSCAM is well organized at the adhesion interfaces by forming a regular pattern. Both Ig-like domains and fibronectin III domains contribute to the regular pattern formation but have different roles. By contrast, mouse DSCAML1 or
Drosophila
DSCAMs do not show similar patterns at the adhesion interfaces. These results suggest that DSCAMs might have different structural roles and mechanisms in regulating neural network formation, which may be associated with corresponding disorders in neural development.
Testing the efficacy of three informational interventions for reducing misperceptions of the Black–White wealth gap
Authors: Callaghan Bennett , Harouni Leilah , Dupree Cydney H. , Kraus Michael W. , Richeson Jennifer A.
Published: September 2021

Significance

An intervention study exposed a US community sample to messages about Black–White racial inequality. Interventions including data bearing on Black–White wealth inequality elicited higher estimates of that inequality that persisted for at least 18 mo, aligning with federal data measuring the Black–White wealth gap. The data interventions also increased acknowledgment of White Americans’ structural advantage and reduced beliefs in personal achievement as the remedy for racial inequality. In contrast, a narrative-based intervention, including information on a single Black family contending with racial inequality, did not shift inequality estimates or change respondents’ explanations. This study suggests how social science data can be used to create more realistic perceptions of racial inequality—a prerequisite to enacting equity-enhancing policy.
Takes one to B1a: Dismantling the origin of mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Beaudin Anna E.
Published: September 2021

Therapeutic discovery for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has been hindered by a lack of preclinical mouse models that recapitulate human disease. In this issue, Pieters and colleagues (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20202280) establish a novel mouse model of MCL driven by overexpression of cyclin D2 and identify fetal-derived B1a cells as putative cell of origin for MCL.