bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medial Amygdala Arginine Vasopressin Neurons Regulate Innate Aversion to Cat Odors in Male Mice
Authors: Tong Wen Han , Abdulai-Saiku Samira , Vyas Ajai
Published: May 2020

Aversion to environmental cues of predators is an integral part of defensive behaviors in many prey animals. It enhances their survival and probability of future reproduction. At the same time, animals cannot be maximally defended because imperatives of defense usually trade-off with behaviors required for sexual reproduction like display of dominance and production of sexual pheromones. Here, we approach this trade-off through the lens of arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons within the posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) of mice. This neuronal population is known to be involved in sexual behaviors like approach to sexually salient cues. We show that chemogenetic partial ablation of this neuronal population increases aversion to predator odors. Moreover, overexpression of AVP within this population is sufficient to reduce aversion to predator odors. The loss of fear of the predator odor occurs in parallel with increased recruitment of AVP neurons within the MePD. These observations suggest that AVP neurons in the medial aspect of the extended amygdala are a proximate locus for the reduction in innate fear during life stages dominated by reproductive efforts.
Mercado-ciência e infância
Authors: Garbarino Mariana Inés
Published: May 2020

A medicalização da infância é um tema de crescente interesse no debate acadêmico internacional e a presença da psicanálise na problematização desse fenômeno é indiscutível. O presente artigo visa mapear suas contribuições e refletir acerca de que modo o discurso da medicalização é apropriado pelos educadores produzindo mudanças nos ideais de infância. Apresenta-se uma análise das posições e referências conceituais que a produção psicanalítica mobiliza para abordar e discutir a racionalidade medicalizante e suas ressonâncias na forma em que o educador pensa a criança. Pretende-se contribuir com o aprofundamento da discussão acerca das condições do ato educativo, tais como a transmissão geracional e o sujeito do desejo, que resultam tensionadas à luz da lógica de marcas sociais contemporâneas como a imediatez, as fantasias de completude e a anulação do enigma. Trata-se de um trabalho de cunho teórico sustentado na sistematização de produções psicanalíticas, especialmente brasileiras e francesas, que abordam os impasses da educação relacionados aos ideais de infância promovidos pela sua interpretação biologizante.
Sobrevivendo no inferno
Authors: Cerruti Marta Quaglia
Published: May 2020

E

Este trabalho se desenvolve a partir de três eixos. O primeiro é uma breve retomada do que Foucault define como a biopolítica. Em seguida apresentamos e contextualizamos uma ferramenta de análise criada pelo filósofo e cientista social camaronês Achille Mbembe, a necropolítica, que constitui uma importante atualização da crítica social foucaultiana para fenômenos das periferias do capitalismo. De forma mais específica, tomaremos como eixo argumentativo aquilo que alude à articulação entre a biopolítica, a produção da vida e de subjetividades adequadas à forma social capitalista, e a necropolítica, uma política centrada na produção da morte em larga escala. Por fim, a partir dessa análise, tomando como eixo a produção do grupo de rap Racionais MC´s, destacaremos duas figuras que emergem das margens das cidades e que são capazes de operar a transmissão: o sobrevivente e a memória. Estas figuras, além de testemunharem a política de morte, podem indicar alguma forma de tratamento possível.
Entre exílio e exclusão
Authors: Souvignet Aurélie Maurin
Published: May 2020

Este texto trata de uma pesquisa-ação realizada num colégio da região de Île-de-France. Seu objetivo consistia em transformar as práticas da equipe pedagógica para melhor acolher os estudantes expulsos de estabelecimentos escolares vizinhos. Os atores desse projeto se reuniram durante um ano escolar inteiro, em três modalidades: a equipe pluridisciplinar se reunia regularmente em grupos de análise de práticas; havia grupos de conversa mensais destinados aos adolescentes; assembleias gerais que ocorreram ao longo do ano. Mostraremos como os objetos mediadores, que são objetos investidos cultural e subjetivamente, uma vez que foram escolhidos pelos participantes, contribuíram como elementos de reflexão, para a constituição de uma cultura grupal e para a elaboração de laços entre os percursos de exílio e de exclusão entre os estudantes. O processo mutativo proporcionou que a função formadora desses grupos se exercesse em três dimensões: juntos aos jovens participantes, junto às equipes que se sentiam melhor sustentadas e também para a instituição reconhecida em sua potencialidade instituinte.
Acute Stroke Care Is at Risk in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Rudilosso Salvatore , Laredo Carlos , Vera Víctor , Vargas Martha , Renú Arturo , Llull Laura , Obach Víctor , Amaro Sergio , Urra Xabier , Torres Ferrán , Jiménez-Fàbrega Francesc Xavier , Chamorro Ángel
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to analyze how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected acute stroke care in a Comprehensive Stroke Center.

Methods:

On February 28, 2020, contingency plans were implemented at Hospital Clinic of Barcelona to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Among them, the decision to refrain from reallocating the Stroke Team and Stroke Unit to the care of patients with COVID-19. From March 1 to March 31, 2020, we measured the number of emergency calls to the Emergency Medical System in Catalonia (7.5 million inhabitants), and the Stroke Codes dispatched to Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. We recorded all stroke admissions, and the adequacy of acute care measures, including the number of thrombectomies, workflow metrics, angiographic results, and clinical outcomes. Data were compared with March 2019 using parametric or nonparametric methods as appropriate.

Results:

At Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 1232 patients with COVID-19 were admitted in March 2020, demanding 60% of the hospital bed capacity. Relative to March 2019, the Emergency Medical System had a 330% mean increment in the number of calls (158 005 versus 679 569), but fewer Stroke Code activations (517 versus 426). Stroke admissions (108 versus 83) and the number of thrombectomies (21 versus 16) declined at Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, particularly after lockdown of the population. Younger age was found in stroke admissions during the pandemic (median [interquartile range] 69 [64–73] versus 75 [73–80] years,
P
=0.009). In-hospital, there were no differences in workflow metrics, angiographic results, complications, or outcomes at discharge.

Conclusions:

The COVID-19 pandemic reduced by a quarter the stroke admissions and thrombectomies performed at a Comprehensive Stroke Center but did not affect the quality of care metrics. During the lockdown, there was an overload of emergency calls but fewer Stroke Code activations, particularly in elderly patients. Hospital contingency plans, patient transport systems, and population-targeted alerts must act concertedly to better protect the chain of stroke care in times of pandemic.
Ritual Time, Civil Time, and Cosmic Time: Three Co-Existing Temporalities in Premodern Islamic Society
Authors: Thomann Johannes
Published: May 2020

Most studies on time in the premodern Islamic world have focused on philosophical and theological aspects of time. The present article concentrates on time practices in daily life. Iconic for Muslim time practices are the five daily prayers, the weekly Friday prayer, the yearly fasting in the month of Ramaḍān, and the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. They all have the character of a time-out from everyday routine and are well characterized by the term “ritual time.” For work, business and administration, the day and night are divided into twelve hours each, the seasonal hours. It is appropriate to call that “civil time.” Besides these two forms of time practices, a third is based on astrological concepts. The daily changing aspects which the moon forms with the sun and the planets are taken as favorable or unfavorable signs for particular actions, and enabled the individual to organize his or her life in accordance with the heavenly bodies. It seems apt to call that “cosmic time.”
The Legitimating Power of Discourse
Authors: Menshawy Mustafa
Published: May 2020

In this article, I examine a corpus of texts that address the 1973 war; these texts cover the period from 1981 to 2011, marking the beginning and end of Hosni Mubarak’s rule. Utilizing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), I explore how Mubarak’s regime employed the war to legitimize its power and defend its policies by deploying longstanding culturally-embedded ‘macro themes’. These macro themes refer to the war as an overwhelming and undisputed ‘Egyptian victory’ and, more significantly, they portray Mubarak himself as ‘war personified/war personalized’. The analysis of linguistic and extra-linguistic features in al-Ahram newspaper (the mouthpiece of the state), among other media texts on the war, show how the discursive construction was made consistent, coherent and resonant in a managed context that characterized the political and media landscapes. Depending on unique access to those who produced, edited and even censored the texts under analysis, this method unravels a complex set of cultural messages and conventions about the war, and fills a lacuna in the literature by offering insight into the deliberate and well-coordinated process of shaping and reshaping a specific discourse for a specific purpose.
What Kinds of Atmospheric Anomalies Drive Wintertime North Pacific Basin-Scale Subtropical Oceanic Front Intensity Variation?
Authors: Zhang Ran , Fang Jiabei , Yang Xiu-Qun
Published: May 2020

The basin-scale subtropical oceanic front zone (STFZ) is a key region for midlatitude air–sea interaction in the North Pacific. However, previous studies considered midlatitude sea surface temperature (SST) variabilities as a response to atmospheric stochastic forcing. With reanalysis and observational data, this study investigates what kinds of atmospheric anomalies drive the wintertime North Pacific STFZ intensity variation. Lead correlations show that prior to the STFZ’s enhancement, there exist persistent atmospheric anomalies characterized by a negative-phase Arctic Oscillation (AO) and a positive-phase Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern, lasting for up to 80 and 50 days and peaking at 20- and 8-day leads, respectively. It is further found that the long-lasting negative-phase AO is conducive to stronger low-tropospheric baroclinicity at around 40°N over North Pacific where there is a climatological baroclinic region. The stronger baroclinicity leads to more synoptic transient eddy activities, promoting an equivalent barotropic low geopotential height anomaly north of STFZ via transient eddy vorticity forcing. The geopotential height anomaly propagates downstream, triggering a PNA-like pattern. With such an AO-promoted atmospheric internal wave–flow feedback, the regional PNA pattern is intensified and embedded in the annular AO mode, accompanied with an intensified Aleutian low and surface westerly wind that peak at an 8-day lead, preconditioning a persistent (nonstochastic) atmospheric forcing on the STFZ. The intensified surface westerly predominantly tends to drive a southward Ekman transport and increase upward surface turbulent heat fluxes into the atmosphere through increasing surface wind speed and sea–air temperature difference, amplifying the underlying negative SST anomaly and cross-frontal meridional SST gradient, ultimately intensifying the STFZ.
Investigating the Relationship between the Evaporative Stress Index and Land Surface Conditions in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Zhong Yafang , Otkin Jason A. , Anderson Martha C. , Hain Christopher
Published: May 2020

Despite the key importance of soil moisture–evapotranspiration (ET) coupling in the climate system, limited availability of soil moisture and ET observations poses a major impediment for investigation of this coupling regarding spatiotemporal characteristics and potential modifications under climate change. To better understand and quantify soil moisture–ET coupling and relevant processes, this study takes advantage of in situ soil moisture observations from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) for the time period of 2010–17 and a satellite-derived version of the evapotranspiration stress index (ESI), which represents anomalies in a normalized ratio of actual to reference ET. The analyses reveal strong seasonality and regional characteristics of the ESI–land surface interactions across the United States, with the strongest control of soil moisture on the ESI found in the southern Great Plains during spring, and in the north-central United States, the northern Great Plains, and the Pacific Northwest during summer. In drier climate regions such as the northern Great Plains and north-central United States, soil moisture control on the ESI is confined to surface soil layers, with subsurface soil moisture passively responding to changes in the ESI. The soil moisture–ESI interaction is more uniform between surface and subsurface soils in wetter regions with higher vegetation cover. These results provide a benchmark for simulation of soil moisture–ET coupling and are useful for projection of associated climate processes in the future.
Galton, Terman, Cox: The Distinctive Volume II in Genetic Studies of Genius
Authors: Simonton Dean Keith
Published: May 2020

With just one exception, all of the volumes in Terman’s Genetic Studies of Genius report the results of a longitudinal study of more than a thousand intellectually gifted children. That single exception is Volume II, Cox’s single-authored The Early Mental Traits of Three Hundred Geniuses, which instead was a retrospective study of 301 eminent creators and leaders, using historiometric methods to estimate their IQs (as well as to assess a subset of 100 on 67 character traits). This article discusses how this volume actually fits with the other four volumes in the set. After giving the historical background, discussion turns to the emergence of Cox’s doctoral dissertation. Then comes a narrative of the aftermath, including subsequent contributions by Cox, Terman, and numerous other researchers extending into the 21st century. The article closes by treating the ways that the intellectually gifted and the historic geniuses are not comparable, thus indicating the need for more recent replications and extensions of her work.
Covid-19 and infection in health-care workers: An emerging problem
Authors: Barranco Rosario , Ventura Francesco
Published: May 2020

The 2019 coronavirus infection (called SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan, spread rapidly throughout the world. In many countries the exponential growth of Covid-19 cases is overwhelming health care systems with overcrowding of hospitals and overflowing Intensive Care Units. While people must stay at home to reduce the spread of this virus health-care workers do the exact opposite. In some countries doctors are working with insufficient protection and are constantly at risk of contracting Covid-19. Health-care workers should be constantly monitored because if they are infected they may spread the virus to colleagues, hospitalized patients and even family members. Increased rates of infection in health-care workers could cause the health-care system to collapse and a further worsening of the pandemic; if there are too few doctors it will be even more difficult to manage.
Social Class Competence Stereotypes Are Amplified by Socially Signaled Economic Inequality
Authors: Connor Paul , Varney Jordan , Keltner Dacher , Chen Serena
Published: May 2020

A number of psychological theories suggest that increased economic inequality may lead to greater social class stereotyping. However, all existing evidence for this claim is correlational. Across three experiments (one exploratory and two confirmatory, N = 2,286), we observed that exposure to socially signaled inequality—operationalized in terms of variation in perceived incomes among groups of target individuals—amplified the endorsement of one key social class stereotype: the perception that higher income individuals are more competent. When judged amid greater inequality, the same high-income targets were perceived as more competent and the same low-income targets were perceived as less competent, compared with when judged amid greater equality. By contrast, we found no consistent effect of exposure to inequality on stereotypes regarding warmth and relatively weak class-based stereotyping on the warmth dimension in general. We discuss implications of these findings for theories regarding the effects of economic inequality.
Skilled Migrants Employed in Developed, Mature Economies: From Newcomers to Organizational Insiders
Authors: Tharenou Phyllis , Kulik Carol T.
Published: May 2020

Migrants are a growing segment of the highly educated international workforce, and these skilled migrants (SMs) are critical to the growth of developed, mature economies. SMs frequently report negative workplace experiences antithetical to their integration, raising important questions about how organizations might help these host-country newcomers to transition to become organizational insiders. Our aim is to integrate a broad and multidisciplinary literature and identify opportunities where organizations and managers might intervene to enable a successful socialization process and improve SMs’ workplace experiences. We review the empirical research from 2000 to 2019 for SMs employed in developed, mature economies and focus on the SMs’ workplace experiences postorganizational entry. We employ a three-phase socialization model (anticipatory socialization, accommodation, and adaptation) as our organizing framework to identify SMs’ key challenges and outcomes, consider those challenges and outcomes through a socialization lens, and isolate the challenges and outcomes that characterize each transition point (from anticipatory socialization to accommodation and from accommodation to adaptation). We then use these distinguishing characteristics to recommend activities that organizations can implement at each transition to facilitate SMs’ socialization process. By leveraging the three-phase socialization model to align organizational activities with SMs’ workplace experiences, we extend the field’s understanding of SM socialization (in particular) and of the organizational socialization process (more generally).
Indymedia in Belgium: the delicate balance between media activism and political activism
Authors: Van Leeckwyck Robin , Maeseele Pieter , Peeters Maud , Domingo David
Published: May 2020

Belgium was one of the first European countries to establish a local ‘national’ branch of the global Indymedia network. The diversity of those involved in this ‘national movement’ ultimately turned out to be both the strength of the original website and the cause of its decline. Indeed, due to political and organizational disagreement, many activists decided to create their own ‘local’ Independent Media Centre (IMC). This article distinguishes two perspectives on the role of Indymedia: the political activists saw Indymedia as a means to an end, as an instrument to discuss strategies and tactics, and to coordinate social movements and grassroots movements. The media activists, on the contrary, saw Indymedia as an end in itself, as a platform for civil society organizations to make their voices heard and facilitate democratic debate – in this vein, the experience of Indymedia.be was transformed into the alternative news site DeWereldMorgen.be.
“I get knocked down but I get up again”: Integrative frameworks for studying the development of motivational resilience in school
Authors: Skinner Ellen A. , Graham Jennifer Pitzer , Brule Heather , Rickert Nicolette , Kindermann Thomas A.
Published: May 2020

Many subareas share a common interest in students’ motivational resilience, defined broadly as patterns of action that allow students to constructively deal with, overcome, recover, and learn from encounters with academic obstacles and failures. However, research in each of these areas often progresses in relative isolation, and studies rarely utilize developmental or social-contextual approaches. As a result, we do not yet have a clear understanding of how to help children and adolescents develop a rich and flexible repertoire of tools to deal productively with everyday academic challenges and difficulties. In this article, we knit together these disparate areas of work to create an integrated developmental and social-contextual framework that can guide the future study of these processes. First, we summarize nine areas of work that focus on students’ actions on the ground when they encounter academic difficulties: academic resilience, mastery versus helplessness, engagement and re-engagement, academic coping, self-regulated learning, adaptive help seeking, emotion regulation, and buoyancy as well as tenacity, perseverance, and productive persistence. In each area, we highlight work that is explicitly developmental and that depicts key social-contextual factors that shape motivational resilience. Second, we sketch an overarching social-contextual and developmental framework that holds a place for each of these processes. Third, we identify multiple areas where cross-fertilization among researchers can contribute to improved educational practice and study of the development of motivational resilience. An overarching goal of this article (and the special section more generally) is to take first steps toward “field building” on this crucial topic.
Operating in the dark: The identification of forced labour in the UK
Authors: Shepherd Rowena , Wilkinson Mick
Published: May 2020

Presented here are the findings of a research study undertaken between 2015 and 2018 that focused on existing arrangements and mechanisms for front-line identification of the victims of forced labour in the UK. The study drew upon interviews with service professionals in enforcement and policing organisations together with workers in non-governmental victim support agencies. These findings reveal significant failings in current approaches, that suggest processes for the identification of victims remain, at best, uneven from service to service, location to location, at worst wholly inadequate. The study also exposed widespread stakeholder concerns around UK government regulatory guidance and immigration policies, suggesting that these were hindering rather than assisting them in the process of identification. Further, that the deregulated employment environment was one in which forced labour practices could both thrive and remain well-hidden amongst wider employer exploitation and abuse.
Resettlement after short prison sentences: What might work in England and Wales?
Authors: Raynor Peter
Published: May 2020

One of the advertised aims of the ‘Transforming Rehabilitation’ (TR) reforms in England and Wales was to extend compulsory post-custody supervision to prisoners serving short sentences who were outside the scope of existing resettlement provision. It is now well established that the arrangements introduced by TR for this group of prisoners have not been successful, having delivered high and often unmanageable caseloads, little help to service users and a greatly increased chance of recall to prison. The need which the reforms purported to meet remains unmet. There is little point in poorly designed and delivered provision; on the other hand, resources for the foreseeable future are not likely to support large increases in expenditure when so many parts of the criminal justice system require investment. This article draws on research from the 1990s onwards on provision for this group of prisoners, and in particular, the ‘Pathfinder’ projects of 1999–2003, as examples of what can be achieved on a voluntary basis. It is suggested that future provision for this group in England and Wales should be based on a more selective and individualized provision, with less coercion and more choice for service users.
Bond Index Approach to the Evaluation of Transportation P3 Market in the U.S.
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Kunqi , Cui Qingbin , Delgado Felix
Published: May 2020

Private investment through revenue bonds has become an important source of financing for public agencies seeking to implement public–private partnership (P3) projects. It has been a long-standing assumption that private financing exceeds the limited investment opportunity attributed to P3 projects in the pipeline. This assumption, however, remains unexamined. Basic economics theory states that prices go up if demand exceeds supply. Therefore, this study presents the construction and performance of the P3 surface transportation bond index to evaluate private capital for P3 projects. The index will help encourage private investment in P3 projects in addition to measuring the return of such investment on a market basis. The index can also disclose the risks of P3 revenue bonds and potentially offer an investment instrument in the secondary market.
Arteriovenous access in hemodialysis: A multidisciplinary perspective for future solutions
Authors: Stegmayr Bernd , Willems Christian , Groth Thomas , Martins Albino , Neves Nuno M , Mottaghy Khosrow , Remuzzi Andrea , Walpoth Beat
Published: May 2020

In hemodialysis, vascular access is a key issue. The preferred access is an arteriovenous fistula on the non-dominant lower arm. If the natural vessels are insufficient for such access, the insertion of a synthetic vascular graft between artery and vein is an option to construct an arteriovenous shunt for punctures. In emergency situations and especially in elderly with narrow and atherosclerotic vessels, a cuffed double-lumen catheter is placed in a larger vein for chronic use. The latter option constitutes a greater risk for infections while arteriovenous fistula and arteriovenous shunt can fail due to stenosis, thrombosis, or infections. This review will recapitulate the vast and interdisciplinary scenario that characterizes hemodialysis vascular access creation and function, since adequate access management must be based on knowledge of the state of the art and on future perspectives. We also discuss recent developments to improve arteriovenous fistula creation and patency, the blood compatibility of arteriovenous shunt, needs to avoid infections, and potential development of tissue engineering applications in hemodialysis vascular access. The ultimate goal is to spread more knowledge in a critical area of medicine that is importantly affecting medical costs of renal replacement therapies and patients’ quality of life.
Mainstream and nonmainstream media in Malaysia: Does lack of credibility lead to displacement?
Authors: Omar Bahiyah , Ahrari Sadollah
Published: May 2020

The study examined how Malaysians perceive the credibility of mainstream versus alternative media in reporting on the public interest issue of the implementation of a goods and service tax (GST). Consistent with past research, our study established a positive link between credibility and media use. Further analysis shows an increase in the use of alternative media when the credibility of mainstream media decreases, suggesting support for a significant displacement effect.
Developing an Inclusive Conceptual Model for Preventing Violence in the Home in Humanitarian Settings: Qualitative Findings From Myanmar and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Falb Kathryn , Asghar Khudejha , Pardo Natalia Maria , Hategekimana Jean De Dieu , Kakay Haja , Roth Danielle , O’Connor Meghan
Published: May 2020

This qualitative study sought to explore the shared risk factors and social norms that may underpin the co-occurrence of intimate partner violence, child maltreatment, and violence against other marginalized household members in the home. Data are drawn from participants who completed either in-depth interviews ( N = 51 men, N = 52 women participants) or focus groups ( N = 22 men, N = 23 women participants) and were living in two distinct humanitarian settings: North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Northern Shan State and Southern Kachin State, Myanmar. Within this overarching objective, attention to these shared drivers for violence in the home, which may arise from people having multiple and interacting social identities, such as disability status, gender, and age, was explored through an inclusion lens and inductive coding approaches. Findings point to risk factors of violence in the home at all levels of the ecological model, which are underpinned at the macro level by gender inequality, armed conflict, and political instability, among other factors. With the community and family levels, gender inequality manifested in norms related to the acceptability of violence, family reputation, and aged and gendered power hierarchies within the home. Shared risk factors of violence at these levels also included displacement/migration-related stressors, inconsistent income, and lack of community resources to support families, especially for those with disabilities. At the most time-proximal level, interactions between role (non)fulfillment, inability of families to meet their basic needs, alcohol and substance abuse, and abusive expressions of anger were found to catalyze instances of violence in the home. The conceptual model also illuminates potential levers and inclusive entry points that prevent violence in the home for diverse women, children, persons with disabilities, and older persons. Key attention to addressing gender inequality and acceptance of violence must be a cornerstone of sustainable programming, alongside complementary approaches that address other shared risk factors.
Family Firm Heterogeneity and Tax Avoidance: The Role of the Founder
Authors: Brune Alexander , Thomsen Martin , Watrin Christoph
Published: May 2020

Family business research suggests that the population of family firms cannot be regarded as a homogenous group. Therefore, with respect to tax avoidance, we analyze the role of the founder as one dimension of family firm heterogeneity. Specifically, we consider socioemotional wealth loss aversion and find that founders may affect the level of tax avoidance not only when they have direct influence (i.e., serving as CEO) but also when they possess solely indirect influence (i.e., having substantial ownership or a seat on the board). Overall, our results suggest that founders remain attached to their firms despite giving up executive positions.
Intrafamily Conflicts in Family Businesses: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Kubíček Aleš , Machek Ondřej
Published: May 2020

Through a systematic literature review, we assess the current state of research on intrafamily conflicts in family firms, systematize the findings, and outline avenues for future research. Based on a review of 88 studies, we develop an input–process–output framework to synthesize input, process, output, and context variables and identify research gaps. The review contributes to the family business literature by bridging the family business and intragroup conflict literature, considering multiple levels of analysis (the individual, family, and firm), and presenting relevant research questions.
Family Business Leaders’ Metaphors and Firm Performance: Exploring the “Roots” and “Shoots” of Symbolic Meanings
Authors: Tognazzo Alessandra , Neubaum Donald O.
Published: May 2020

To investigate the complex dynamics when family members with differing perceptions and interpretations of reality jointly lead their family business, this research adopts an epistemic-operative interview technique using Morgan’s images of organization. We explore how family leaders’ root metaphors, which are symbolic frames that help understand individuals’ attitudes and behaviors, are linked to family businesses’ behavior and performance. Analyzing six Italian family hotels, we derive four structures of family symbolic meanings and explain how and why relationships and innovation are mechanisms through which firm performance is related and connected to the offshoots of the meanings of family leaders’ root metaphors.
Does Knowing “Who Knows What” Matter for Family Firm Innovation? Insights From Transactive Memory System Theory
Authors: Madison Kristen , Daspit Joshua J. , Marett Emily Garrigues
Published: May 2020

We extend transactive memory systems theory from psychology to examine the cognitive interdependence of family and nonfamily employees and its effects on family firm innovation. Using triadic data and dispersion modeling, we find that innovation is enhanced when family and nonfamily employees communicate and when they have a shared understanding of “who knows what”; however, we find unexpectedly that the communication effects differ for family and nonfamily employees, hindering the development of shared knowledge perceptions needed for enhanced innovation. We demonstrate the value in applying psychology-based research to family firm investigations and in investigating microfoundations of family firm innovation.
Ulinastatin alleviates mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis induced by isoflurane in human neuroglioma H4 cells
Authors: Lin D , Zhu X , Li J , Yao Y , Guo M , Xu H
Published: May 2020

Isoflurane has been demonstrated to induce mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis. The isoflurane-induced inflammation may be an important reason for this phenomenon. Studies have shown that ulinastatin (UTI) has an anti-inflammatory effect. Our aim was to investigate whether UTI could attenuate isoflurane-induced mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis by inhibiting inflammation. Human neuroglioma H4 cells were exposed to isoflurane with or without UTI. The ratio of cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. β-Amyloid (Aβ) peptide and cleaved caspase 3 expression were evaluated by Western blot analysis. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were detected by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mitochondrial structural changes were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was determined by 5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC-1). The activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I, II, III, and IV was determined by assay kits. UTI attenuated the TNF-α and IL-1β release induced by isoflurane. UTI could also reduce mitochondrial structure damage, mitigate the decrease in Δψm, and improve ETC complexes dysfunction. Furthermore, it decreased cell apoptosis induced by isoflurane in H4 cells. UTI had no effect on isoflurane-induced Aβ expression. UTI may mitigate isoflurane-induced mitochondrial damage and cytotoxicity by inhibiting inflammation.
Social Capital and Residential Satisfaction in South Korea: A Comparative Study of Communities in Seoul, Yeoju and Gwacheon
Authors: Park Kiduk
Published: May 2020

Research suggests that social capital has positive influences on the improvement of quality of life (livability) and the creation of wealth. Some Western scholars have been interested in traditional social capital as an important element of modernization and rapid economic development in East Asian countries. This study compares and contrasts elements of social capital and residential satisfaction across three different residential communities in South Korea, namely apartment estates (Seoul and Gwacheon) and a rural village (Yeoju). Two major questions are posed: first, what differences exist in terms of the perception of the level of social capital and the reputation of the area within the different neighbourhood contexts? Second, what is the relationship between residential satisfaction and the perception of social capital? Using the results from 487 heads of households surveyed, this study assesses commonly recognized elements of each community, which includes social capital, social mix and residential satisfaction in the communities. The study findings suggest that three factors—norms, trust and networks—contribute equally to the case study areas. Also, ageing population and duration of residence were relevant to the development of neighbourhood-based social capital and residential satisfaction, and these factors need to be carefully considered by housing policy makers, social planners and others involved in implementing human settlements policies.
Labour Force Participation and Nature of Employment Among Women in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Akhtar Rulia , Masud Muhammad Mehedi , Rana Md Sohel
Published: May 2020

There is an honest nexus between women’s participation in the workforce and national economic growth. However, the participation of women in the workforce in developing countries is still lagging behind compared to developed nations. Hence, the fundamental question that arises here is what are the key determinants to influence women to participate in the workforce with a special reference to Malaysia? To answer this research question, this study aims to identify the influencing determinants that motivate women to participate in the labour market in Malaysia. Based on data that have been collected from primary and secondary sources, logit model is used to analyse the factors affecting female labour force participation. The findings reveal that education, household income, financial condition of the households, family size and family background play a substantial role for female participation in the workforce. It implies that educated women and those who belong to joint families are more willing to participate in the workforce due to financial obligation. Based on the positive findings of this study, policymakers can take substantive steps to accelerate women’s participation in the workforce in Malaysia.
The mental health of culturally and linguistically diverse offenders – what do we know?
Authors: Rose Arran , Shepherd Stephane M , Ogloff James R P
Published: May 2020

Objective:

A key challenge facing justice health service providers is addressing and treating the high rates of mental illness among offenders. It is well documented that rates of mental illness are substantially higher within prison populations compared to the general population. As such, the need to provide ongoing treatment to prisoners experiencing mental health issues is of fundamental importance. Prisoners experiencing mental health disorders are more likely to have poorer social outcomes on release, including a greater likelihood of recidivism and poorer health outcomes. The growing numbers of justice-involved individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds signal the need for justice systems to adapt to the changing demographic.

Conclusions:

In this commentary, we argue that greater efforts to explore the nature and prevalence of mental illness among CALD groups in custody, where such concerns are often intertwined with additional complex personal, environmental and historical criminogenic risk factors, are desperately needed to improve system responses and reduce recidivism.
Desire and pleasure in choice
Authors: Newark Daniel A
Published: May 2020

This article considers how desire leads to pleasure through choice. A typical assumption of rational choice models is that decision makers experience pleasure or utility primarily when their desires are satisfied by decision outcomes. This article proposes that, in addition to desire yielding pleasure through its satisfaction, desiring can also yield pleasure directly during choice. Beyond the pleasures of getting what we want, there may be pleasures in the wanting. In particular, four psychological and behavioral mechanisms through which desire can yield pleasure during choosing are identified: imagining the desired object, learning about the desired object, constructing one’s self while clarifying the desired object, and pursuing the desired object. This said, although desire may, through these mechanisms, offer considerable immediate pleasure, this article posits that indulging these pleasures tends to foster subsequent disappointment with decision outcomes. The article concludes by considering the implications for decision making of this expanded view of desire’s relationship to pleasure in choice.
Helicopter Parenting and the Moderating Impact of Gender and Single-Parent Family Structure on Self-Efficacy and Well-Being
Authors: Buchanan Tom , LeMoyne Terri
Published: May 2020

The intersection of helicopter parenting, gender, and single-parent family on self-efficacy and well-being is examined. Existing research on helicopter parenting focuses on negative consequences. Using a sample of students at a university in the mid-southern United States ( N = 247), we find that helicopter parenting is negatively related to self-efficacy and well-being for emerging adult sons from single-parent family backgrounds. Previous research suggests a negative relationship of divorce on sons. In addition, our study finds no substantive relationship of helicopter parenting to self-efficacy and well-being for women. This is an intriguing finding given previous research finding negative consequences. The impacts of helicopter parenting are not uniform across different demographic groups. This information is important for family counselors as well as university administrators in relation to the growing concern for parental involvement in students’ affairs.
Reoperation Profile of Lateral vs Anterior Approach Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Gagné Oliver J. , Penner Murray , Wing Kevin , Veljkovic Andrea , Younger Alastair S.
Published: May 2020

Background:

The operative procedure for a total ankle replacement (TAR) is intimately associated with the prosthetic design. The anterior and lateral approaches both have pros and cons regarding their respective soft tissue complications, osteotomy requirements, orientation of the bone cut, and gutter visualization. Although both have been studied independently, few reports have compared both in the same setting. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the difference in reoperation rate after lateral or anterior approach ankle arthroplasty. We hypothesized that the anterior approach had a higher rate of wound complications.

Methods:

We evaluated data from a single center collected between 2014 and 2017, comprising a total of 115 total ankle replacements performed by 1 of 4 fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeons. Reoperations were recorded as an operative report with classification by Canadian Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (COFAS) Reoperations Coding System (CROCS). The index approach used was determined by the surgeon’s practice preference. Patients were included when they had a primary TAR in the time frame noted and had a complete data set up to at least 2 years after surgery. The cohort comprised 67 anterior and 48 lateral operations with balanced demographics for age (95% CI: 63-67 years) and gender (47% F). The lateral group had more complex cases with higher COFAS type arthritis (more periarticular arthritis and surrounding deformity).

Results:

Comparing the 2 groups, a total of 40 reoperations (7 anterior [A], 33 lateral [L]) occurred in 27 patients (5 A, 22 L). One patient had 4 related reoperations. The only revision was in the anterior group. The only soft tissue reconstruction was a split-thickness skin graft in the lateral group. Nine reoperations were irrigation debridement related to an infection or wound complication (3 A, 6 L). The majority (19/33) of reoperations in the lateral group were gutter debridement (8) or lateral hardware removal (11). Operative time was statistically different at 145 minutes (95% CI: 127-164 minutes) in anterior TAR and 178 minutes (95% CI: 154-202 minutes) for lateral TAR ( P = .0058). The odds ratio of having any reoperation with a lateral approach TAR was 6.19 compared to the anterior group.

Conclusion:

The results at the 2-year time point demonstrated that there were more reoperations after a lateral approach TAR than an anterior TAR, recognizing the significant case complexity imbalance between the groups and a corresponding relative increase in resource utilization of lateral TAR patients. The 2 implant designs were associated with different reoperation rates, favoring the anterior group. Change in the lateral fixation may have reduced the risk of repeat surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Gut Microbiota and Disorders of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Vuotto Claudia , Battistini Luca , Caltagirone Carlo , Borsellino Giovanna
Published: May 2020

The gut microbiota, consisting of bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, and protozoa, together with their collective genomes (microbiome), plays a key role in immune system development and maturation, gut morphology, and in performing essential metabolic functions. Several factors, including lifestyle, body mass index, diet, antibiotic use, and the environment, influence the balance of the intestinal microbiota, whose alterations (the so-called dysbiosis) in recent years have been associated with the onset and/or progression of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the possible involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of diseases of the central nervous system, with a special focus on key issues and common misjudgments on the potential contribution of specific microorganisms.
Combined feedback linearization and sliding mode control for vibration suppression of a robotic excavator on an elastic foundation
Authors: Hoang Quoc-Dong , Park Jonggyu , Lee Soon-Geul
Published: May 2020

Hydraulic crawler excavators have been widely used for construction in industry, mining, and agriculture because of their special ability to work on weak soil support. However, the elastic properties of the ground increase the undesired vibrations of the entire operating machine. These oscillations significantly influence the working productivity, the level of fuel expenditure, and the comfort of the driver. There have been many works addressing this problem, although they mainly focus on mechanical dampers. Considering the system from robotic and control aspects, this study presents a new approach to deal with the abovementioned problem. A controller design, which uses a combination of feedback linearization and sliding mode control, is proposed based on a dynamic model. This control law reduces the vibrations of the system working on an elastic foundation, while also allowing for accurate tracking performance of the links. This control law is applied to a small-scale platform to investigate its feasibility for practical applications.