bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Activity of Antibiotics and Bio Active Plant Extract: Astudy Against Mdr Gram Negative Bacteria in Kirkuk City
Authors: Ali Tina Artam , Ali Fawwaz Fadhil , Mohammed Lezan Medhat
Published: October 2024

Increasing multidrug resistance (MDR) is becoming a problematic issue worldwide.  Finding alternatives to cope with this rising problem is becoming crucial for community healthcare. The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activityCopper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) synthesised using hawthorn fruit extract against different MDR gram-negative bacteria isolates. CuoNPs were synthesized from Fresh hawthorn fruits (Crataegus). The biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles were Characterization of the synthesised nanoparticles was performed using UV-visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm CuONP production and assess their properties. Antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion and the healthy diffusion method. The considerable inhibitory action of hawthorn fruit extract was observed in gram-negative bacteria isolates. Also, the green synthesised CuoNPs demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity against two human pathogenic bacteria when combined with commercially available antibiotics. The current study suggested that CuoNPs have become an essential approach for nanobiotechnology applications in the development of antibacterial treatments for different bacterial infections, particularly for non-treatable antibiotic resistance pathogen.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Compounds by Enzymatically Catalysed Diels-Alder Reactions
Authors: Jasim Zainab Adil , Al-Rammahi Thaer M. M. , Abood Zeid Hassan
Published: October 2024

The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction is one of the important chemical transformations to create the C–C bonds with predicted regio- and stereo-selectivity, which lead to the forming of bulk organic molecules. Despite of the significant efforts in this filed, the control of the stereoselectivity of DA reactions remain so difficult. Despite the significant efforts in this field, controlling of stereoselectivity of DA reactions remains so difficult. The design of the enzymatic DA reactions provides scientists with a huge advantage in increasing the selectivity of DA reaction products. This work aims to apply the friendly environmental method includes the application of the current approach in enzymatic DA reactions by formation the new organic compounds through the enzymatic DA reactions between anthracene derivatives as dines and pyrrole derivatives as dienophiles. All DA reactions were curried out in the inert environment using the nitrogen gas. The prepared compounds were caramelized using various techniques including mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier transform infrared. The results showed that all products of DA reactions containing unnatural dienes with endo-configuration, in addition to obtain 53%–94% isolated yields. Consequently, this study provides an efficient method to control the stereochemistry of DA reactions.
Calotropis Procera Triggered Biochemical and Molecular Alterations In Breast Cancer Caused By DMBA In Female Albino Rats
Authors: Alrheam Ali I. Abd , Msolly Awatef A. , Alshehri Zafer S. , Alhajlah Sharif H. , Alshehri Faez F. , Basha Manal I. , Almotiri Alhomidi , Saleem Ali. S. A. , Elneam Ahmed IbrahimAbd
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To investigate the in vivo anticancer effect of Calotropis procera on breast cancer induced in female albino rats with 7,12-dimethyl benz(a) anthracene (DMBA).
Materials and study design: Fresh leaves of C. procera were obtained from 20 plant specimens collected from various regions in the Dawadmi governorate, Riyadh province, KSA (latitude 24.75387 and longitude 46.773686) in August 2022.  Three extracts were obtained from C. procera leaves (aqueous, chloroform, and ethanolic extracts). were investigated for their anticancer activity on female albino rats that were classified into five equal groups (n=30): group 1 (control), group 2 (DMBA control), group 3 (DMBA + aqueous extract), group 4 (DMBA + chloroform extract), and group 5 (DMBA + ethanolic extract).
Results:  The animals in groups 3, 4, and 5 treated with C. procera leaf extract exhibited a significant decrease in body weight compared to the animals in group 2 who were only given DMBA, and the survival analysis demonstrated a highly significant disparity between the groups, with the DMBA group displaying a greater incidence of tumors in comparison to the groups treated with C. procera. Biochemical findings indicated a notable variation in the average levels of cholesterol, TG, HDL and LDL between the groups.
Conclusion The results imply that aqueous, chloroform, and ethanolic C. procera leaf extracts may have preventive properties against tumor initiation and promotion.
Correlation of Immunological Variables of Interleukin-17 and Heat Shock Protein-70 In Ethnic Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Abdulla Zahraa HA. , Abbass Sahlah KH. , Mustafa Evan MO.
Published: October 2024

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance resulting from high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females, leading to immature eggs, ovarian cysts, irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, excessive facial hair growth, and acne. Objective: This study was conducted to follow up the therapeutic effect on some blood, hormonal, and immune variables of samples consisting of 35 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from women suffering from infertility and infertility, and who visited Azadi Teaching Hospital and private laboratories in Kirkuk city, their ages ranged between (18 - 40 years). Materials and Methods:  Sample collection and follow-up began by observing some clinical signs in addition to verifying the results of ultrasound examinations from early February 2023 to early November 2023. Each patient’s examinations were followed up before treatment and three months after taking the treatment. The results we obtained after three months of treatment were compared with the results of the examinations of the patients in the pre-treatment stage and the control group. The treatment plan was based on modifying the patient's dietary lifestyle by following a healthy diet and giving treatment consisting of oral contraceptives, fertility drugs and the use of sugar-reducing drugs such as Glucophage or Metformin, in addition to nutritional supplements such as antioxidants. Result:  The results of the therapeutic effect on the patients' diagnostic clinical signs showed a significant decrease in their percentages after three months of treatment compared to the pre-treatment stage such as (ovulation disorders - menstrual disorders - obesity - hirsutism - acne -). The results of the statistical analysis of the study showed that the therapeutic effect showed a significant difference in the body mass index (BMI) after three months of treatment compared to the pre-treatment stage and the control group. The therapeutic effect of the immune factors for each Hast Shock protein 70 and Interleukin-17 also showed a significant decrease at the level (0.000 > p) respectively after three months of taking the treatment compared to the pre-treatment stage and the control group. It was found that there is a significant positive correlation between the level of Heat Shock Protein 70 and the cellular kinetic IL-17.
Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Combined With Metformin on Ovarian Function Compared to Metformin Alone in Iraqi PCOS Patients
Authors: Abdulameer Tamara Adil , Kadhim Sinaa A.
Published: October 2024

Background: Data about the response of ovary function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to metformin treatment are controversial and the use of metformin in women with this syndrome combined with CoQ10 has never been assessed previously using the current study design. Research objective: to figure out the effect of Co Q10 and metformin combination in contrast to monotherapy using metformin on ovary activity in PCOS Patients and methods: The present study included 150 patients with an age range of 20 to less than 35 years. Patients were categorized into five groups: CoQ10 groups who were treated using 10 mg per-oral (bid), metformin group (positive control group) and they received metformin as 500 mg per-oral (bid), combination groups who received both agents with similar doses as above, newly diagnosed group who received no treatment and finally newly diagnosed PCOS. Each group included 30 women. Pediatrics and Maternity Teaching Hospital in Adiwaniyah Province (Iraq) was the location of sample collection. Beginning of study was at September the 21st 2023 and extended to March 31st 2024. Data about age and body mass index were included in the study. Ultrasound assessment of ovarian volume and antral follicle volume was carried out before and after treatment.Results: Comparison of mean ovary volume among research cohorts is shown in table 2. Statistically notable variance was reported in average ovary volume across research cohorts (p < 0.001). Mean ovary volume was highest in newly diagnosed PCOS group and it was lowest in negative control group and combination group. The volume was comparable in CoQ10 group and metformin group; however, combination group had significantly lower mean ovary volume in comparison with either treatment approach alone (p < 0.05). Statistically notable variance was reported in average follicle volume across study cohorts (p < 0.001). Average follicle volume was lowest in newly diagnosed PCOS group and it was highest in negative control group. The volume was comparable in CoQ10 group and metformin group; however, combination group had significantly higher mean follicle volume in comparison with either treatment approach alone (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both treatment approaches using metformin alone or CoQ10 alone produces significant improvement in ovary volume and antral follicle volume in women with PCOS; however, combination of both agents resulted in more significant improvement.
Evaluation of Periapical Granuloma and Radicular Cyst Regarding the Age, Gender and The Lesion Size
Authors: Maqtoof Ahmed Hani , Al-Drobie Dr.Ban F.
Published: October 2024

Background: Apical periodontitis (AP) is a common infectious disease characterized by inflammation and bone destruction in the periapical tissues due to microbial infection in the dental pulp . AP is the most frequent inflammatory lesion related to teeth, distinguished by a direct pathway to the bone marrow without epithelial barriers if the dental pulp becomes necrotic and infected. Materials and methods: Thirty paraffin embedded tissue blocks of radicular neck resected samples of 18 preapical granulomas and 12 radicular cysts were processed histopatholgically. Results: the mean patients’ age was 34.37 ± 2.95 years; fifteen patients were aged bellow 30 years and 15 patients were equal or above 30 years. The mean lesions size was significantly higher among patients with radicular cysts than preapical granuloma (5.07 ± 1.35 vs. 0.94 ± 0.21; p=0.048. granulomas lesions were slightly  higher among females in age group 30-39 years ( 25% vs. 10%), and the  radicular cysts lesions were higher among females in all age group as compare to male patients Conclusions: Lesions size was significantly higher among patients with radicular cysts than that of preapical granuloma. A peak incidence between the third and fourth decades of life and predominance among female
The Effect of the Topolitosequnces on The Mineral Properties of Some Soils of Sulaymaniyah Governorate / Kurdistan Region
Authors: Al-obaidy Somaya Saad , Essa Salman Kalaf
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different parent materials and topography on the mineral composition Sulaymaniyah Governorate was chosen as a site for its conduct. Select transact of study within the Bazian Plain extending from the Bazian Heights in the west to the Taslujah Heights in the east. The results were: The predominance of clay minerals is chlorite > smectite > mica > Interstratified minerals > kaolinites. The predominance of the minerals chlorite, smectite, and mica in the clays of these soils is mainly due to the influence of their parent material (limestone, limestone, Maral), especially within Pedons, the high areas at both ends of the aforementioned study transect (Taslujah, Bazian), whose parent material consisted of rocks. (Limestone and limestone-Maral) respectively. While the dominance of mica minerals within the soils of the plains of the plain region is due to the influence of the source material, slope, topography, and distance from high ends.
The Rule of CTLA-4 +49 G/A Gene Polymorphism Association With T2DM
Authors: Al-Khafaji Marwa Falah Mahdi Abood , Alkinani Anwar Salih Saihood
Published: October 2024

The existing study has been designed to consider relationship among polymorphism of CTLA-4 +49 A/G (rs231775) in patients through diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D). The training has stayed directed on adult at the subdivision of College of Medicine, AlQadisiya University throughout the period prolonged as of October, 2023 to April, 2024. Fifty patients with 50 control healthy assigned to 2 equal groups, collection blood samples with EDTA tubes. The study enrolled 50 Type 2 Diabetes patients and 50 healthy subjects, with no important variances in age, gender, or residency. Demographic appearances displayed no important alteration among the two groups. Chronic illnesses, such as diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension, were found to be highly significant between patients and control subjects. Hypertension rates were higher in patients than in control subjects, while liver disease rates were higher in patients. Heart attacks were upper in sick than in controlling issues, and hyperlipidemia rates were higher in patients. Drug types and treatment periods were not statistically significant among T2D patients and healthy control. Genomic DNA stayed removed from blood testers by means of a gSYAN DNA kit withdrawal kit and checked using a Nano drop spectrophotometer. The polymorphism of CTLA-4 +49 A/G (rs231775) displayed that the AG genotype and the A allele were more frequent in the type 2 diabetes patients compared to controls, indicating they may be risk factors for developing T2D.
Association between Antinuclear Antibodies Patterns and Immunological Markers with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Iraqi Female Patients
Authors: Zeki Ali Yahya , Al-Hafid Ali Hussein , Humaish Haider Hafudh
Published: October 2024

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a condition where the immune system attacks various tissues and organs, affecting commonly women between the ages of 15 to 44. It is caused by genetics or environmental factors. A critical factor in the diagnosis by antinuclear antibodies at a level of ≥1:80. Objective: To assess the disease activity and identification of antinuclear antibody patterns and titer on Hep-2 cells with immunological markers. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital/Medical City between January 25, 2024, to April 25, 2024. 60 SLE patients were contrasted with 60 healthy controls. The American College of Rheumatology SLE criteria were used to make the diagnosis. Results: SLE patients had a mean age of 32.12±10.54 years, while controls had a mean age of 31.37±10.65 years (P=0.699). positive family history represents 15.0 % while negative family history of SLE patients is 85.0%. The mean disease duration was 5.25±4.77 years. The disease activity index (SLEDI) was (27.80 ±10.40). The most common patterns of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) are speckled (56.7%), homogeneous (26.7%), peripheral (1.7%), mixed (3.3%), and negative (11.7%) patterns. Conclusion: Antinuclear antibodies are considered the gold standard diagnostic test. A few healthy individuals display speckled patterns at a ratio of 1:40. The disease activity no significant with pattern.
Histological study of effect of Leishmania donovani on ileums mice
Authors: AL-Bawi Zainab Fadhil Jawad , Al-Morshidy Kassim Abdulla Hamza , Hussian Raflaa SH
Published: October 2024

Background: Leishmania Donovani Is A Form Of Internal Parasite That Belongs To The Genus Leishmania And Is The Type Of Hemo-Flagellate Kinetoplastid That Causes Leishmaniasis. Objective: The Present Study Investigated The Effects Of Inoculation With L. Donovani On The Morphology Of The Ileum In Mice.  Methods: Balb/C Mice Were Intraperitoneally Inoculated With L.Donovani(3 Animals/ 4group). After 1,2,3 Month, The Ilea Were Collected And Histologically Processed. Conclusions: Donovani Is Induced Histological Change In Ileum Section After The First Month Infection.
Effect Model (SAVI) in Mental Habits of Fourth Year Middle School Students in Biology
Authors: Salman Zeina Ahmed , Ghada Sharif Abdel
Published: October 2024

The research aims to identifymodel (SAVI) inmental habits forFourth year middle school students in biology. The researcher randomly selected Al-Tahrir Government Girls’ Day Secondary School in the center of Babil Governorate, as the school contains four classes for the fourth year of middle school and includes (155) students distributed in order.(38 - 39 - 40 - 38) in four sections (A - B - C - D)AndBy random drawing, Section D represented the experimental group, which would study biology according to(SAVI model) and division (b) represents The control group will study the same material in the usual wayThe total number of female students in both groups was:After exclusion(70) Reality student (35) female students in each group,The researcher conducted equality between the students of the two research groupstoFor the following variables (chronological age calculated in months, previous information, biology grades for the third intermediate grade, and intelligence test) Auteus LinyonAnd a measure of habits of mindThe research was limited to female students in the fourth year of middle school For the year Academic(2023-2024) for the first semester and the scientific subject specified in the semesters (first - second - third - fourth - fifth) of the biology textbook and after parity between...The two groupsThe researcher prepared the application requirementsFor both groupsAfter completing the experiment, the researcher applied her research tools to...The two groupsI got data It was processed by testing (t-Test) and the results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group according to a model(SAVI)inHabits of mind.
The Effectiveness of a Narrative Program Using Plotagon Studio Application in Improving Life Styles of First Year Intermediate Students
Authors: Najm Zahraa Zuhair , Mohammed Fatima Hawan
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to construct a narrative program using the Plotagon Studio application to improve life styles and determine its effectiveness on first year intermediate students. Life styles are defined as the individual's pattern or unique personal style in thinking, emotion, and behavior, which revolves around their life goal. Adler divided them into three abnormal styles (dependent style, dominant style, avoidant style) and one normal style (cooperative style) (R. B. Adler, Rodman, & Sévigny, 2006). The researcher adopted a quasi-experimental approach and depended on ADDIE model in constructing the program, where its validity and reliability were ensured. Moreover, the researcher constructed the study tool, which is a life styles scale of (60) items. The study results confirmed the effectiveness of the narrative program in improving life styles among first year intermediate students. The researcher introduced a number of recommendations and suggestions.
Environmental and Convenient Construction Strategy to Obtained New Supreme Series of Fused 1,2,4-Triazalo System Incorporating N-Acetyl Quanazole
Authors: Thahee Muna G. , Younis Shaymaa K.
Published: October 2024

The presentation goal is to develop new procedures for regioselective synthesis of unusual series of heterocyclic compounds (2-8) derived from N-acetyl guanazole (1) which received a great deal of attention due to it's unique properties. N-acetyl guaunazole used as active precursor to obtained two type of fused 1,2,4-triazole system. The first one including grinding for (1 min.) of a mixture consist of N-acetyl guanazole , malononitrile and substituted benzaldehlyde through direct one-pot multicomponent reaction to achieve a new series of 1,2,4-trazolo[1,5-a,4,3-a]bispyrimidine (2-7). Whereas, the second one involved firstly the conversion of N-acetyl gluanazole to the corresponding Schiff base (8-13) accelerated by microwave irradiation (MWI) for few minutes, then they will underwent intercyclization reaction with phenyl isothiocynate and also acceclerated by grinding then by microwave irradiation to afford 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a,4,3-a] bistriazine (14-18).
Effect Strategy Network Questions On Self-Learning Skills For Second-Year Female Students In Biology
Authors: ELHussein Shifaa Muhil Abdull , Jawad M.Dr Mahdi Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Aim to search Present Identify on(Effect strategy network Questions on self-learning skills for second-year intermediate school students material Biology)And it was done to choose Curriculum Experimental Because he It fits with Goals search And it has She chose The researcher High School Eternity Girls Affiliate For schools Governmental Daytime For a directorate education Babylon-Judiciary Hashemite And determine Community search that It is composed from Female students the line the second Average And I have She got up The researcher In coordination with administration the school from during presentation book facilitation the mission And help school Subject For procedures application Experience As well as on containment That the school on three People For class the second Average And in a way the choice Random It was completed to choose Division(a)Adult number Her students(30)To represent the group Experimental that will study material Biology using strategy network questions As for Division(B)Adult number Her students(30)To represent the group Female officer that Studied material Biology In the way Ordinary.
And she was rewarded The researcher equivalent statistical between Female students My group search in Variables next:(the age Timeline Calculated In months , grades General the previous , a test Intelligence(Raven),a test skills Learning Self)where confine search on material Biology For class the second Average And it was rewarded The researcher application Experience in the chapter Academic the first For the year Academic(2023- 2024)And it was Subject specified With seasons(the first,the second,the third,the fourth)And after Procedure Valences between The two groups I worked The researcher on Preparation Accessories Application from Plans And goals And tests So I posed With a test skills Learning Self And it has Be from(36)paragraph And it was done making sure from charity Virtual And his stability And level difficulty His paragraphs, And strength discrimination His vertebrae.And after Finish from application Experience I got The researcher Data For my group search And it was done processed by a test(t, Test) for two independent samples, and the results showed that the female students of the experimental group outperformed the control group according to the question network strategy in testing the self-learning skills of the female students in the second intermediate year.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Children with Speech Difficulties
Authors: Dahash Ahlam Hayder , Mohammed Saja Hashem
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Speech sound disorders and attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder are developmental disorders that can significantly impact academic success. The comorbidity of these disorders may substantially add to the difficulties experienced by the child and require a combined treatment approach.  Objectives: (1) to assess sociodemographic characteristics of children’s with speech difficulties (2) to assess attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and speech difficulties (3) to identify the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and speech difficulties. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. A non- probability (purposive) study sample of (300) child, who attended Hearing and Speech Center for the period from 12/April/2023 to 25/January/2024. The Questionnaire which is composed of: Socio-demographic characteristics, scales of behavioral problem, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Results: The study results reveal that the children experiencing severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and that significant relationship have been reported among speech sound disorder with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at p-values= 0.046, also indicates that there was significant relationship among childhood apraxia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at p-values= 0.007. Conclusion: The children experience severe of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the significant relationship has been reported among speech sound disorder with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, also indicates that there was significant relationship among childhood apraxia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Recommendations: An intervention program to be planned accordingly and areas of deficit will be targeted in therapy. Liaison with parents and school teachers is indicated in order to achieve the child’s maximum potential.
Unveiling the Impact of Statin Drugs on Liver Enzyme Variation in COVID-19 Patients in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Alkilidar Osamah , Albaghdadi Hayder , Kh.alhashimi Samaa
Published: October 2024

Recent studies have examined the safety of using statin drugs in COVID-19 patients and have suggested that their anti-inflammatory properties may help lessen the severity of the infection and speed up recovery. However, some case reports have indicated that COVID-19 patients taking statins may experience liver injury, a serious adverse effect of the medication. To investigate this further, a study was conducted on 140 patients who were divided into four groups: those infected with SARS-CoV2 while taking statins, those infected without taking statins, those not infected but taking statins, and healthy individuals serving as a control. The results indicate that statins have a significant effect on AST and ALP levels but not on ALT levels, suggesting that the medication does not have a statistically significant impact on liver function..
Nurses Practices Related to Enteral and Parenteral Nutritional Therapy for Unconscious Patients
Authors: Abdulhasan Anees Flayyih , Ali Sahar Adham
Published: October 2024

Background: Enteral nutrition reduces the mortality rate and prevents the development of pressure sores. Specific complications with parenteral nutrition, particularly in unconscious patients, include line sepsis and fluid and electrolyte imbalance. This is important because parenteral nutrition reduces the duration of unconscious patients' hospital stay. Objectives: 1. Assess Nurses’ practice regarding unconscious patients’ nutrition. 2. Identify the demographical characteristics of studied population. 3. Find out the relations between practices of nurses and their demographical and employment characteristics. Methodology: A descriptive – observational study design is the choice to study a specific phenomenon of interest regarding assessing nurses practices regarding enteral and parenteral nutritional therapy from period between (November 2022- July 2024). Non-probability convenient sample of (125) nurses who work in the intensive care units were selected. This study conducted in the intensive care units which located at three teaching hospitals in Al-Hilla city- Iraq. Results: The data reveals that the majority, 55.2%, fall within the 20-30 year age range. Interestingly, the sex distribution is nearly equal with 52% males and 48% females. The result recorded the major of study sample were poor level of practice regarding enteral and parenteral nutritional therapy for unconscious patients. Conclusion: There is a substantial need for improvement in nursing practices related to ENT, such as nutritional assessment, equipment preparation, and adherence to protocols.
Nurses Knowledge Related to Enteral and Parenteral Nutritional Therapy for Unconscious Patients
Authors: Abdulhasan Anees Flayyih , Ali Sahar Adham , Rusyadi Lutfi , Mairo Queen Khoirun Nisa
Published: October 2024

Background: Enteral nutrition is the preferred method of providing essential nutrients to unconscious patients with a functioning gastrointestinal tract. Nurses play a pivotal role in ensuring safe and effective delivery of enteral nutrition therapy support, encompassing a range of responsibilities before, during, and after feeding. Objectives: 1. Assess Nurses’ knowledge regarding unconscious patients’ nutrition. 2. Identify the demographical characteristics of studied population. 3. Find out the relations between knowledge of nurses and their demographical and employment characteristics. Methodology: A descriptive –cross sectional study design is the choice to study a specific phenomenon of interest regarding assessing nurses knowledge regarding enteral and parenteral nutritional therapy from period between (November 2022- July 2024). Non-probability convenient sample of (125) nurses who work in the intensive care units were selected. This study conducted in the intensive care units which located at three teaching hospitals in Al-Hilla city- Iraq. Results: The data reveals that the majority, at 55.2%, fall within the 20-30 year age range. Interestingly, the sex distribution is nearly equal with 52% males and 48% females. The result recorded high percentage fair level of nurses knowledge according to sum score.
Conclusion: Nurses demonstrate significant gaps in knowledge across various aspects of ENT, including indications, complications, and nutritional content.
Molecular Study of (Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Streptococcus Pneumoniae) in Respiratory Infections Patients in Thiqar Province
Authors: Ajed Rehab Abdulhassan , Jarullah Basim Abdulhussein
Published: October 2024

The high death and hospitalization rates caused by bacterial respiratory infections make them a major worldwide health problem. Acute otitis media, bacterial rhinosinusitis, pharyngotonsillitis, bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia are among the common respiratory tract illnesses caused by common bacterial respiratory infections, which include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila.                                                                  The study aimed to detect uncultivated bacteria in respiratory infections patients (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) and Streptococcus pneumoniae that caused respiratory infections and determined if it caused this infection. The study included 140 patients (67males and 73     females) who were suffering from respiratory infections, ages ranging from 10-80 years, in a period from 1 September 2023 to 1 February 2024, all of the 140 samples collected from Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital, Center for Chest Diseases and Respiratory Diseases in Nasiriyah, Souq Al-Shuyoukh General Hospital, Alhussein Teaching Hospital, Private Clinics in Shatrah. Specimens included a sputum sample  and oropharyngeal swab for direct detecting by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) Diagnosis is based on the presence of the (16s rRNA) gene to detect (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae) patients had with un-cultivated bacteria where 3\140(2.14%) of patients had infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and 6\140(4.28%) with Streptococcus pneumoniae. The present study was conducted that the most detected bacterial in female group 6 (75.0%), while in the male group 2 (25.0%), in addition, the most isolated bacteria in female group were both M. pneumoniae 3 (50.0%), and S. pneumoniae 3 (50%),whil in age groups  in first group 3, while non-detected bacteria in both fourth and seventh age group 0, fever and headache    are the most abundant symptoms patients, followed by myalgia (90.6%), chill (66%), cough (59%), and dyspnea (36.6%).
Coated and Uncoated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Toxicity Assessment and Properties of Non Accumulation in Biological Tissues
Authors: Aldhalemi Murtadha Aabdulhasan , Shanshool Azhar Jawad , Taha Ali A.
Published: October 2024

Background: There are an increasing number of studies on magnetic nanofeeders with multiple applications in agriculture and food processing. Among the magnetic separation oxides, iron oxide has emerged as an indispensable tool in nanoscale differentiation, especially bio-nanoscale. This is attributed to the characteristics of  such as size, shape, magnetism and coexistence. Aim of the study: The aim  of this study feeding experiment is to prove the non-toxicity of magnetic nano-iron oxides, whether coated when dosed with distilled water or uncoated in milk or distilled water. Subject, materials and methods: Materials: magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles was obtained from SkySpring Nanomaterials (U.S.A.) at  a size of 30 nm. Acacia gum (Gum Arabic) is prepared from Thomas Baker (Indian), Sodium hydroxide from Riedel-de Haën (Germany), Potassium phosphate dibasic from CDH (Indian), Potassium phosphate mono basic from HIMEDIA (Indian),Potassium bromide from AVONCHEM(UK), MNPs are characterized by various tools to examine their physicochemical properties. The size of NPs plays a major role in exhibiting different physicochemical properties, and even a small difference in their nanoscale dimensions can alter their properties. Some of the instruments used for their characterization are Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXD), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. Results: After the completion of the experimental period for this study (28 days), the laboratory animals were sacrificed using ether anesthesia. The animals were then dissected using dissection tools to remove these organs. The organs were weighed using a sensitive balance after being washed with 0.9% normal saline solution and dried with filter paper [1][2]. The liver, kidneysamples were collected in pre-labeled plastic containers and preserved in 10% formalin until histological sectioning could be performed. Tissue sections were performed for all organs - liver, kidney and they were placed under a microscope. The results showed no damage to these organs. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both arabic gum-coated and milk-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, at the tested doses and treatment durations, did not induce observable tissue damage or pathological alterations in the kidneys or liver of the treated rats.
Assessment of Behavioral Problems among Children with Speech Difficulties
Authors: Dahash Ahlam Hayder , Mohammed Saja Hashem
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Behavioral problems can present differently for many children with speech difficulties, some common ones outbursts or tantrums, unwillingness to follow directions, being angry or irritable, purposefully annoying others and physical aggression toward others, such as hitting, kicking, or scratching, some children may show one of these behaviors, while other children may have many. Objectives: to assess sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral problems and speech difficulties among children with speech difficulties. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. A non- probability (purposive) study sample of (300) child, who attended Hearing and Speech Center. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical procedure for data analysis. Results: The study results reveal that (41.7%) of children with age group 6-less than 8 years (73%) of them were males and remaining (27%) were females, second born among (41%) of them while (28.7%) of them were not registered and (36.7%) of children having stuttering; speech sound disorders were prevalent among (39.7%); childhood apraxia of speech prevalent among (19.7%). Conclusion: The children experience mild behavioral problems regarding somatic complaints, thought problems, and rule-breaking behaviors, and experience moderate behavioral problems regarding anxious/depressed problems, withdrawal, social problems, and aggressive behavior, while experiencing severe behavioral problems regarding attention and hyperactivity. Recommendations: the child with speech difficulties to be seen by a speech language pathologist (SLP) to assess the child to obtain a clear idea of the child’s strengths and weaknesses in speech and language.
Adverse effect of Abuse During Childhood on Criminal Behavior and Type of Crime among Prisoners at Forensic Mental Health Department
Authors: Ali Hadeel S. , Mohammed Saja H.
Published: October 2024

A quantitative approach using a descriptive-analysis design was used in the present study to find out the impact of child abuse on criminal behavior among prisoners in the forensic department. The period of the study was from 16th of October 2023 to 10th of June 2024.  The study has been conducted at Al-Rashad Training Hospital which is located in of Baghdad City. Non-probability sampling techniques in which prisoners are selected because they have characteristics that we need in our sample. In other words, prisoners are selected “on purpose” as purposive sampling. Also the judgmental sampling, this sampling method relies on our judgment when identifying and selecting the prisoners that can provide the best information to achieve the study’s objectives. We choose purposive sampling because the researcher wants to focus in-depth on relatively small samples. A purposive sample of (110) prisoners was selected from Al-Rashad Training Hospital. The study sample in this research was selected from prisoners in the forensic department in the hospital. Results: Prisoners have moderate to high level of psychological abuse during childhood. They have moderate to high level of physical abuse during childhood. prisoners having moderate to high level of sexual abuse during childhood. Also they have moderate to high level of neglect during childhood. As overall prisoners have high level of abuse during childhood. prisoners having moderate to high level of criminal behavior subdomain (socialization). related to criminal behavior subdomain (Social conditions) among prisoners; the findings indicates that prisoners having moderate to high level of criminal behavior subdomain (Social conditions) among items. The findings indicates that prisoners having moderate to high level of criminal behavior subdomain (Personal and psychological circumstances) among items. Prisoners have high level of criminal behavior as overall. There is high significant relationship between Abuse during childhood and Criminal behavior at p-value= .004. There are significant relationships between (psychological, physical, sexual abuse) during childhood and criminal behavior at p-value= 0.05. There are no significant relationships between neglect during childhood and criminal behavior. There is no significant relationship between Abuse during childhood and type of crime at p-value= .05.
The Impact of The Global Café Strategy on Fourth Year Middle School Students in Physics for a Deep Understanding
Authors: Abbas Duaa Hameed Kareem , Abdulhamza Md,Ghadah Shareef
Published: October 2024

Since it aims to find out (the impact of the global cafe strategy on fourth-year high school students in physics and their in-depth understanding), to verify this, the researcher developed the following null hypothesis: (there is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of female students in fourth-year high schools who will study physics according to the global cafe strategy and the mean scores of female students who will study the same subject according to the general method in the in-depth understanding test.) Therefore, the experimental method was used, and the tool used by the researcher was for the in-depth understanding test, the test consisted of (24) items between objective and essay items, division (a) was chosen to represent the experimental group and division (d) was chosen to represent the control group. Both groups were selected randomly. In addition, there was parity between the two research groups (in terms of chronological age calculated in months, and previous achievements for the academic year (2022-2023) for the third-year high school in physics, previous information test, intelligence test (otis-lenyon) and in-depth understanding test). The most important result achieved is (the existence of a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of female students from the experimental group who studied physics according to the global cafe strategy, and the average scores of female students from the control group who studied the same subject in the usual way in the in-depth understanding test in favor of the experimental group and based on the above. As a result, the researcher produced K sets of conclusions and recommendations, and the data were statistically processed using the ft test for two independent samples. Its validity and reliability were statistically verified.
Isolation and Identification of Microsporum Canis from cats in Baghdad governorate
Authors: Bidewy Marwah Abdul Hassan , Hasso Saleem Amin
Published: October 2024

Microsporum canis is a keratinized skin fungus that causes diseases in animals, especially cats. It is able to infect human causes Tinea corporis and Tinea capitis . The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the dermatophyte fungi Microsporum canis from cats in Baghdad / Iraq .This research focused on the epidemiology of M. canis found in cats.A total of two hundred and eighty three hair and skin scraping samples were collected from infected cats .preliminarily examined with 10% KOH preparation, and cultured for fungal identification . For the culture; Saboruad dextrose agar was used . The results of this study showed that four samples were positive for  M.canis . The pathogen was found both at the site of the lesion and at other sites in the body. The pathogen can be found in the hair of cats with and without skin lesions.
Assessing the Impact of Smartphone Addiction among medical and health faculty students at university of Kirkuk
Authors: Khalil Ammar Ali Asghar , Salih Hewa Sattar
Published: October 2024

Background: Modern smartphones have become an integral part of daily life, particularly among medical students who experience significant academic pressure and stress This study aimed to assess the extent of students' impact from smartphone addiction and investigate its association with their demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, and associated risk factors.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used in this study. 772 students from all stages of study in the medical faculties of Kirkuk University. using Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms, and the severity of digital vision syndrome (DES) was measured using 12 items, The Data was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.
Results: The result of the current study shows that 55.1% were female and the male were 347 (44.9%).  the average age of the students was 21.09 ± 1.75. 46.80% of the sample were overweight and obese. around 343(44.4%) sampled are assigned intermittent sleep. while significant relationships are obtained with each of Socio-Economic Status, specialization, using Smartphone in 24hrs, sleeping hours during a day   in at least at P<0.05. an overall through global mean of score for the studied domains was assessed in compact form a moderate level, with percentile ranged responses from 5.65 to 80.61 for the studied sample.
Conclusion: Our study substantiated that health and medical students are progressing into a state of addiction. no significant difference between males and females when considering of smartphone addiction. The age group most affected was individuals aged 22-23. while the Individuals with moderate to high SES are more susceptibility to addiction. Smartphone use should be limited. To increase awareness and knowledge about the detrimental impacts of smartphone addiction, workshops, courses, and conferences should be held.
Cloud point Extraction Of Methimazole By Direct (UV- Vis Spectrophotometer) And Indirect (Flame Atomic Absorption) methods
Authors: Hasan Sawsan Askar , Shakkor Shahla Jamal
Published: October 2024

Abstract A new technique based on the formation of a chelate Methimazole-Fe(III) at 400 nm was used for the determination of Methimazole 114 as a surfactant in some pharmaceuticals using indirect flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and UV-visible methods based on Triton turbidity extraction. The optimal turbidity extraction temperature was 75.0°C after 25 min of extraction of the complex [MET-Fe(III)] with ethanol. The structure of the Methimazole-Fe(III) chelate was determined by the molar ratio method. A 1:1 L:M (ligand:metal) ratio was produced. The Beer law was employed in the concentration range of 2.5-30 and 2.5-32.5 g/mL for the UV and FAAS, respectively.. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were (0.3784) g/ml and (1.2612) g/ml, respectively, for these techniques. The technique has been approved and successfully used in the production of pharmaceutical preparations such as: B. Methimazole capsules sold in Iraq. The analytical results were validated by statistical and recycling studies with satisfactory results.