bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on The Rating of Traffic Safety Among Vehicle Occupants in The North-Central India
Authors: Chandra Ashwini , Singh Prakash , Bishnoi Surender
Published: October 2023

Understanding the critical role that knowledge and awareness of traffic laws and poor driving habits play in preventing traffic accidents, this study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of traffic regulations among drivers in India’s North Central Region. In order to accomplish the goals, a questionnaire was designed and sent to the people who utilize the roads. The primary findings revealed that a relatively small number of participants fully complied with speed regulations. Furthermore, the majority of participants used mobile phones while driving and drove while feeling drowsy. It is interesting to note that some of the participants lacked understanding of traffic signs, while a large percentage of participants were aware of improper driving habits. These behaviors may be the primary factors contributing to the high number of accidents that occur in the region. In light of the findings of this research, it is imperative that serious efforts be made to raise knowledge about road safety and ensure compliance with traffic rules. This study recommends boosting the participation of females on the roads since previous research has revealed that females have a high degree of understanding regarding traffic laws. In addition to this, the authorities need to step up their efforts to strictly enforce the restrictions.
Computer Vision Algorithm for Predicting the Welding Efficiency of Friction Stir Welded Copper Joints from its Microstructures
Authors: Mishra Akshansh , Jatti Vijaykumar S. , Suman Asmita , Dixit Devarrishi
Published: October 2023

This research paper presents a study of the prediction of Friction Stir Welded (FSW) joint effectiveness using microstructure images with the aid of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A total of 3000 microstructure pictures were used for training the CNN, and 300 new microstructure photographs were used to test the accuracy of the model. The results showed that the CNN was able to accurately predict the effectiveness of FSW joints with an accuracy of 81 percent. The current work highlights the potential of using microstructure images and CNNs for improving the quality control and assessment of FSW joints in the materials and manufacturing industries. The findings of this study have important implications for the development of new techniques for improving the performance of FSW joints and for the wider application of computer vision and machine learning in the materials and manufacturing industries.
Parametric optimization of curved-rectangular shaped magnetorheological finishing tool for external cylindrical surfaces
Authors: Rana Ajay Singh , Rafiq Iqra , Bedi Talwinder Singh
Published: October 2023

Finishing of cylindrical surfaces in nano-scale roughness level is important to improve the surface structure of various industrial components. The nanofinishing not only enhances the surface quality but also improve the durability and reliability the components. In the present research, a new tool is developed i.e. curved-rectangular shaped magnetorheological finishing tool which is used for precise finishing of cylindrical materials made of non-ferromagnetic materials. The tool consists of two set of magnetic arrangement which is fixed at an angle of 90o by means of a tool bracket. The magnets placed inside the cylindrical bush moves to and fro as per the circumferential of workpiece. To check the performance of this tool, the design of experiments using design expert software is conducted with different process parameters i.e. workpiece rotational speeds (400 rpm, 600 rpm and 800 rpm), mesh sizes of SiC abrasives (600, 800 and 1000) and mesh sizes of EIPs (200, 300 and 400) against the percentage change in surface roughness value. The results concluded that the higher material removal in terms of Ra value as 77% is found with workpiece rotational speed 400 rpm followed by 600 mesh size of SiC abrasives and 200 mesh size of EIPs with finishing time as 40 minutes.
Intrinsically Heat Tolerant, UV Resistant EVA/ LDPE thermoplastic elastomeric encapsulant – An alternative for conventional crystalline silicon PV module encapsulant
Authors: Naskar Moumita , K.P. Meena
Published: October 2023

28% vinyl acetate content Ethylene Vinyl Acetate copolymer (EVA) and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) blend is a newly developed thermoplastic elastomeric encapsulating system for silicon Photovoltaic (PV) module. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies has been revealed the inter-miscibility nature of these two polymers blend in the amorphous zones. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) result confirms that the EVA-LDPE blend is more thermal stable than the pristine EVA. Encapsulation provides electrical insulation between the solar cells and the electrical circuit of the PV module. Electrical insulation property in terms of DC surface resistivity (SR) and DC volume resistivity (VR) were studied. Insulation property of EVA-LDPE blends under UV radiation has been explored in this article and the change in insulation property has been correlated with the degradation factors. Accelerated UV ageing was performed as per cycle 2 of ASTM G 154 – 2016 for 1000 hours. The thermal resistance and electrical insulation properties were significantly reduced for pristine EVA after 1000 hours UV ageing while >52% property retention found for EVA-LDPE blend.
Design, cfd analysis and comparison of tapered heat pipe
Authors: Raj B. Varun , Jithendra Reddy P.V. , Paul P. Sherwin , Nawaz Syed , Nooka Raju B.Ch.
Published: October 2023

A heat pipe is a form of heat exchanger that is used to transmit heat from one end to another end. By incorporating an evaporation-condensation system cycle, a Tapered heat pipe can transport heat by capillary action. Heat pipe is comprised of three segments: Adiabatic, Evaporator, and Condenser. Condenser section (D) diameter is bigger than evaporator section (d) diameter in a tapered heat pipe design, allowing for an increase in vapor volume. The investigation deals with the design and CFD analysis of Tapered heat pipe will be performed. From the existing experimental data, the numerical analysis on tapered heat pipe is performed. In this numerical analysis the different D/d ratios are considered i.e., 1,2,3 and 4. Heat input values considered are 20 Watt and 50 Watt for all the D/d ratios. On investigating the tapered heat pipe for different D/d ratios we observed approximately 12% variation between existing experimental results and numerical results. A large variation in heat transfer coefficient in higher D/d ratios at higher temperatures are observed. At lower temperatures the variation of heat transfer coefficient along the D/d ratios is neglectable. These higher heat transfer coefficients of the tapered heat pipe are best suitable for cooling electrical components such as CPUs, circuit boards and transistors. In the present world of electric vehicles, the tapered heat pipe can also be used battery thermal management systems.
Pattern Generation using Enamel Coating in Die-sinking EDM
Authors: Mazarbhuiya Rashed Mustafa , Rahang Maneswar
Published: October 2023

Pattern generation on aluminium (Al)-6061 work surface is performed using green compacts of powder metallurgical (PM) made of copper-tungsten (Cu-W) tool. Compact load (CL) and peak current (Ip) are the variable process factors and surface roughness (Ra) and edge deviation (ED) are considered performance measures. The Ra is obtained in the range of 4.20 µm - 6.56 µm whereas ED is measured in the range of 17.29 µm - 68.98 µm. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) are performed to validate tool particle migration on the pattern surface. It can be concluded that the performance measures depend upon the masking thickness, its resisting capacity to high temperature and the uniformity of the coating.
A Review on Additive Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Praneeth Jammula , Venkatesh Sriram , Sivarama Krishna Ledella
Published: October 2023

Additive manufacturing, well known as 3D printing, is used to fabricate complex geometries and customized products. Freedom to design and waste minimization are key concerns of this technology. Additive manufacturing gains significant interest in many fields which includes aerospace, automotive, navy, and biomedical industries. In this technology, a geometrical CAD model is sliced into a number of layers and then stacked of material in layer-by-layer manner. In this review paper we discussed the various 3D printing methods and materials that are available now and current limitations, future trends of this technology.
Finite element analysis of deformation behaviour of circular sheet during laser forming process
Authors: Samal S. , Nath U. , Yadav V. , Purohit R.
Published: October 2023

Laser forming of sheet metal involves inducing a bending process through the application of thermal stress using a defocused laser source. In laser forming the formation of bowl-shaped shapes requires the input of various laser process parameters. In this study, we investigate the thermo-mechanical deformation behaviour of a circular plate subjected to laser irradiation scanning. To analyse this phenomenon, we employ the Finite Element Method (FEM) with the aid of the software ABAQUS 6.10. The moving laser heat source is modelled as Gaussian heat flux, and DFLUX subroutine is written in FORTRAN. The work piece material AH36 is considered. The Finite Element Method (FEM) proposed model is verified against experimental results. Additionally, a parametric study has been conducted to assess the impact of laser process parameters on the temperature distribution of AH 36 material. The temperature distribution is noted to rise with an increase in laser power. However, as the scanning speed and laser beam diameter of the circular laser heat source increase, both temperature and bend angle exhibit a continuous decrease. Further, it is found the plastic strain is measured along the laser irradiation path, therefore the averaged material properties are not altered of the dome shaped obtained by laser forming. Based on the parametric studies, the optimum laser process parameters are also determined to get the dome shaped of the circular sheet.
Design, development and modelling of ginning clutch fixture for productivity improvement
Authors: Barve Purushottam , Deshpande Yogesh , Palkar Yash , Sangode Nishika
Published: October 2023

Fixture is one of the important part of machining processes which use for enhancing the efficiency of the process. The conventional ginning clutch fixture is positioned with single fuse body on vertical machining centre. During machining, more time is consumed for loading and unloading which resulted high production time and cost. The solution to an industrial challenge of the design and fabrication of fixture is attempted in the present work. SolidWorks software is used for 3D modelling of novel fixture and stress analysis is performed using ANSYS software which determines the maximum stresses and deformation. Based on the ANSYS results, fixture is fabricated and use for further testing. The ginning clutch fixture was tested during production and was found that the efficiency of the production of ginning clutch was increased by 33%.
Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Dissimilar Joining of 304 ASS: A Review
Authors: Anirudh Dhiraj M. , Adithya Durga , Kumar Revanth , Reddy Preetham , Sashank Sravan
Published: October 2023

The mechanical and metallurgical properties of dissimilar joining of 304 stainless steel (SS) and other alloys have been extensively studied in recent years. Stainless steel is a widely used material in various industries such as aerospace, chemical processing and transportation. The austenitic Chromium-Nickel stainless steel AISI 304 provides the best balance of corrosion resistance, endurance, and ductility. Due to the low carbon content, carbide precipitation during welding is less likely. The dissimilar welding of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel using various welding techniques with various materials was thoroughly reviewed in the current paper. According to the review, the optimum material to use when intergranular corrosion is a concern is AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel. It is also among the best materials usually utilised in the production of components that cannot be heated.
Production and Performance Evaluation of Shea Butter-Based Lubricating Grease
Authors: Odusote Jamiu , Oni H. , Adeleke Adekunle , Ikubanni Peter , Omoniyi Peter , Jen Tien-Chien , Akinlabi Esther
Published: October 2023

The overwhelming cost of conventional lubricants has instigated the need for alternatives in the engineering industry. This study identified the physicochemical properties of Shea butter made from the shea nut and their application as a bio-grease in the food processing and industrial sectors. Some preliminary tests were conducted to ascertain the combination of materials that will produce grease with the right consistency as the commercial product. Results on its physicochemical properties showed that shea butter was suitable for use as lube base oil. Best bio-grease was obtained with mass combinations of 80.0 g of Shea butter, 0.5 g of resin, 1.0 g of P.K.O, 1.5 g of calcium hydroxide, 8 g of stearic acid, 1.5 g of silicate, 1.5 g of sodium carbonate, 4 g of biochar, and 2 g of cellulose. The physicochemical properties observed were evaporation loss (1.2%), ash content (4%), moisture content (0%), flash point (146.5℃), fire point (155℃), pour point (25.9℃), and density (0.97 g/cm3). Most of the properties of the bio-grease were found to be comparable with conventional grease. In addition, since the bio-grease was produced from majorly edible sources and based on its properties, it could be classified as H3 food-grade grease.
Synthesis and Characterization of Eggshell-derived Hydroxyapatite for Dental Implant Applications
Authors: Odusote Jamiu , Adeleke Adekunle , Ikubanni Peter , Omoniyi Peter , Jen Tien-Chien , Odedele G. , Okolie Jude , Akinlabi Esther
Published: October 2023

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) production from eggshells for dental implant purposes involved a novel approach utilizing a wet chemical precipitation technique. The eggshells, finely ground to a size below 250 µm, underwent calcination at a high temperature of 900°C for 2 hours. This thermal treatment facilitated the conversion of calcium carbonate into calcium oxide (CaO) while eliminating any organic components in the eggshell. To initiate the synthesis of HAp, a solution comprising 0.6 M phosphoric acid was added to the CaO dispersed in water. The resulting mixture was allowed to undergo aging at different time intervals ranging from 0 to 24 hours, promoting the formation of HAp. Subsequently, the HAp particles were oven-dried at 100°C for 2 hours to remove residual moisture. Finally, the dried particles were sintered at 1200°C in a muffle furnace to achieve the desired properties for dental implant applications. XRD peaks at 25, 33, 40, and 50° confirm the synthesized material as HAp. Vibrational modes of phosphate (PO43-), hydroxyl (OH-), and carbonate (CO32-) groups indicate carbonated HAp. Synthesized HAp holds potential for biomedical applications.
Pflegekonzept zur Betreuung stark belasteter Eltern von Frühgeborenen
Authors: Oßwald Janica , Sailer Marcel
Published: October 2023

Das Ereignis der Frühgeburt mit anschließendem Intensivaufenthalt bedeutet für Eltern eine starke Belastung. Da Pflegefachpersonen in der Neonatologie die meiste Zeit mit den Eltern verbringen, ist es notwendig, dass sie praktische Betreuungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt bekommen – optimal in Form eines Pflegekonzepts.
Pflegerische Schmerzreduzierung am Kind
Authors: Thomas-Krause Paul-Björn
Published: October 2023

Blutentnahmen und Injektionen sind im Klinikalltag allgegenwärtig. Der damit verbundene nadelstichassoziierte Schmerz ist hierbei die größte Compliance-Barriere für Kinder. In diesem Artikel sollen auf Basis einer systematischen Literaturrecherche die besten nichtpharmakologischen, schmerzreduzierenden Maßnahmen erläutert und diskutiert werden, um den Kindern und Eltern das Erleben von diagnostischen und therapeutischen Maßnahmen bestmöglich zu erleichtern.
Jung, lebensverkürzend erkrankt und zufrieden?
Authors: Oldsen Rahel
Published: October 2023

Neben physiologischen Grundbedürfnissen brauchen wir für unser Wohlbefinden die Befriedigung unserer psychosozialen Grundbedürfnisse nach sozialer Eingebundenheit, Autonomie und Selbstwirksamkeit. Menschen mit einer lebensverkürzenden Erkrankung sind in ihrer Aktivität und Teilhabe eingeschränkt und früher mit ihrem eigenen Tod konfrontiert. Sind sie trotzdem so zufrieden wie Gesunde? Wie stehen sie ihrem eigenen Tod und Sterben gegenüber?
Range of Motion Adaptations During a Simulated Game Exposure in
Softball Pitchers
Authors: Talmage Jessica L. Downs , W. Fava Anthony , Friesen Kenzie B. , M. Bordelon Nicole , Oliver Gretchen D.
Published: October 2023

Hip and shoulder range of motion (ROM) alterations are correlated with increased
risk of injury in softball athletes. The purpose of this study was to
investigate bilateral shoulder and hip ROM adaptation during a simulated
softball double-header exposure. It was hypothesized that shoulder and hip ROM
would decrease after simulated game exposure and would not return to baseline
following a 30-minute break. Thirty (14.8±1.9 yrs,
162.5±18.3 cm, 71.79±16.03 kg) adolescent
softball pitchers participated. Testing included: bilateral hip and shoulder ROM
(preSG), simulated game exposure (100 pitches), bilateral hip and shoulder ROM
(postSG), 30-minute break, bilateral hip and shoulder ROM (preDH), pitching
first inning of a simulated double header (12 pitches), and bilateral hip and
shoulder ROM (postDH). Two separate repeated measures multivariate analyses of
variance tests determined differences in ROM between time points. Dominant
shoulder internal rotation ROM and non-dominant shoulder internal and external
rotation ROM significantly decreased from preDG. Stride hip external rotation
ROM and drive hip internal and external rotation ROM significantly decreased
from preSG to preDH. Key results revealed the break given between games may not
be sufficient recovery time for hip ROM. Thus, assessing ROM as workload
progresses can be a useful strategy for monitoring a softball pitcher’s
injury risk.
Unverträglichkeiten auf dental-kieferorthopädische
Materialien
Authors: Kränke Birger
Published: October 2023

Bei notwendigen zahnrestaurativen Maßnahmen sowie Einbringen von
Zahnersatzmaterialien ist neben den Aspekten Ästhetik und Funktion auch
die Gewährleistung einer Materialverträglichkeit wesentlich.
Dies ist von besonderer Bedeutung, da Zahnersatz und beispielsweise auch
kieferorthopädische Bänder in den meisten Fällen
über Jahre bis Jahrzehnte im Mund verbleiben.
Geschlechterunterschiede in der kieferorthopädischen
Zahnbewegung
Authors: Latzko Lisa , Crismani Adriano G.
Published: October 2023

Die Kieferorthopädie ist ein dynamischer Prozess, der die präzise
Anwendung von Kräften zur Erzielung gewünschter
Veränderungen im Gebiss und Kiefer umfasst. Während verschiedene
Faktoren die Wirksamkeit und Stabilität kieferorthopädischer
Behandlungen beeinflussen, legen neuere Forschungsergebnisse nahe, dass das
Geschlecht eine bedeutende Rolle in Geschwindigkeit und Muster der Zahnbewegung
spielen kann.

Dieser Artikel hat zum Ziel, eine umfassende Übersicht über die
vorhandene Literatur zu Geschlechterunterschieden in der
Kieferorthopädie zu geben und potenzielle Auswirkungen auf die
Behandlungsplanung und -ergebnisse aufzuzeigen.

Auch wenn weitere Forschung erforderlich ist, um die genauen Mechanismen hinter
den geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden in der kieferorthopädischen
Zahnbewegung zu verstehen, bietet die Berücksichtigung dieser bisher
bekannten Unterschiede die Möglichkeit eine personalisierte und
effektive kieferorthopädische Versorgung zu gewährleisten.

Ein in vivo Experiment an Mäusen, soll bestehende Literatur
bestätigen.
Artificial Intelligence in Oncological Hybrid Imaging
Authors: Feuerecker Benedikt , Heimer Maurice M. , Geyer Thomas , Fabritius Matthias P , Gu Sijing , Schachtner Balthasar , Beyer Leonie , Ricke Jens , Gatidis Sergios , Ingrisch Michael , Cyran Clemens C
Published: October 2023

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have become increasingly relevant across a broad spectrum of settings in medical imaging. Due to the large amount of imaging data that is generated in oncological hybrid imaging, AI applications are desirable for lesion detection and characterization in primary staging, therapy monitoring, and recurrence detection. Given the rapid developments in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods, the role of AI will have significant impact on the imaging workflow and will eventually improve clinical decision making and outcomes.

Methods and Results The first part of this narrative review discusses current research with an introduction to artificial intelligence in oncological hybrid imaging and key concepts in data science. The second part reviews relevant examples with a focus on applications in oncology as well as discussion of challenges and current limitations.

Conclusion AI applications have the potential to leverage the diagnostic data stream with high efficiency and depth to facilitate automated lesion detection, characterization, and therapy monitoring to ultimately improve quality and efficiency throughout the medical imaging workflow. The goal is to generate reproducible, structured, quantitative diagnostic data for evidence-based therapy guidance in oncology. However, significant challenges remain regarding application development, benchmarking, and clinical implementation.

Key Points:
The Role of C-reactive Protein and Procalcitonin in Predicting the Occurrence of Pancreatic Fistula in Patients who Underwent Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Al Hussan Maher , Qiao Shishi , Abuheit Ezaldin M.I. , Abdun Mohammed Awadh , Al Mahamid Mohamad , Guo Huahu , Zheng Fengyu , Nobah Ali Mansour Ali MI
Published: October 2023

The occurrence of postoperative pancreatic fistula following laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is a significant concern, yet there is currently a lack of consensus on reliable
predictive methods for this complication. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) values and their
reliability in early predicting the development of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula (CRPF) following LPD.

A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from 120 patients who had LPD between September 2019 and December 2021. Preoperative assessment data, standard patients’ demographic and
clinicopathological characteristics, intra- and postoperative evaluation, as well as postoperative laboratory values on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 7, including white blood cells
(WBCs), CRP, and PCT, were prospectively recorded on a dedicated database. Two clinicians separately collected and cross-checked all of the data.

Among 120 patients [77 men (64%), 43 women (36%], CRPF occurred in 15 patients (11 grade B and 4 grade C fistulas). The incidence rate of CRPF was 12.3%. A comparison of the median values
of WBCs, PCT, and CRP across the two groups revealed that the CRPF group had higher values on most PODs than the non-CRPF group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to
calculate the area under the curve (AUC) and cutoff values. It was discovered that POD 3 has the most accurate and significant values for WBCs, CRP, and PCT. According to the ROC plots, the
AUC for WBCs was 0.842, whereas the AUC for PCT was 0.909. As for CRP, the AUC was 0.941 (95% CI 0.899–0.983, p < 0.01) with a cutoff value of 203.45, indicating a sensitivity of 93.3% and
specificity of 91.4%.

Both CRP and PCT can be used to predict the early onset of CRPF following LPD, with CRP being slightly superior on POD 3.
Ossäre Bedeutung von Mineral- und Heilwässern:
Physiologie und epidemiologische Evidenz
Authors: Ströhle Alexander , Hahn Andreas
Published: October 2023

Mineral- und Heilwässer zeichnen sich durch eine sortenspezifische
Zusammensetzung aus, so dass sich die Wässer auch
ausernährungsphysiologischer Sicht voneinander unterscheiden. Viele
Mineral- und Heilwässer bilden eine quantitativ bedeutsame Quelle
für gut bioverfügbares Calcium und Magnesium. Calciumreiche
Wässer stellen somit eine günstige Alternative zum gut
löslichen Calciumcitrat dar, wie es in der Leitlinie der Bone Health
& Osteoporosis Foundation bei Achlorhydrie oder eingeschränkter
Magensäureproduktion (z. B. Therapie mit
Protonenpumpeninhibitoren) als Calciumquelle empfohlen wird.
Calciumwässer senken den Serumspiegel an Parathormon ähnlich
stark wie Calcium aus Milch oder Supplementen mit einem äquivalenten
Gehalt des Mineralstoffs. Damit verbunden ist bei alkalischen
Calciumwässern eine Hemmung der Knochenresorption. Auch senken
bikarbonatreiche Wässer die renale Säurelast sowie die
Calciumverluste über den Urin. Ungeklärt ist der Einfluss der
Wässer auf die Calciumbilanz und das Frakturrisiko. Der Natrium- und
Kaliumgehalt der meisten Wässer ist zu gering, um den
Knochenstoffwechsel nennenswert beeinflussen zu können. Auch
üben Wässer mit moderatem Fluoridgehalt
(0,70-1,0 mg/l) keinen, von anderen Nahrungsfaktoren (Calcium,
Protein) unabhängigen Einfluss auf die Mikrostruktur der Knochen
aus.
Aktuelle Therapieansätze der endokrinen Orbitopathie – sind die zielgerichteten Therapien die Zukunft?
Authors: Eckstein Anja , Stöhr Mareile , Görtz Gina-Eva , Gulbins Anne , Möller Lars , Fuehrer-Sakel Dagmar , Oeverhaus Michael
Published: October 2023

Die endokrine Orbitopathie (EO) ist eine Autoimmunerkrankung der Augenhöhle, die am allerhäufigsten im Zusammenhang mit einer Schilddrüsenautoimmunerkrankung vom Typ Basedow auftritt. Für
die Diagnose spezifisch und für die Pathogenese von zentraler Bedeutung ist das Auftreten von gegen den TSH-Rezeptor gerichteten Autoantikörpern (TRAK). Diese Autoantikörper, zumeist mit
stimulierender Wirkung, induzieren eine unkontrollierte Schilddrüsenüberfunktion und in der Augenhöhle einen Gewebeumbau und eine mehr oder weniger ausgeprägte Entzündung. In Folge kommt es
zu einer periokulären, entzündlichen Schwellung in variablem Ausmaß, Exophthalmus und Fibrose der Augenmuskeln und dadurch zu einer Störung der symmetrischen Augenbeweglichkeit mit
Doppelbildwahrnehmung. In den letzten Jahrzehnten umfassten die therapeutischen Anstrengungen für die entzündliche Orbitopathie allgemein immunsuppressive Maßnahmen und für die
Schilddrüsenüberfunktion die symptomatische Therapie durch Hemmung der Schilddrüsenhormonproduktion. Mit dem Bekanntwerden, dass durch die TRAK auch ein wichtiger Wachstumsfaktorrezeptor
aktiviert wird, der IGF1R (Insulin-like-Growth-Factor-1-Rezeptor), wurden Biologika entwickelt, die diesen blockieren. Teprotumumab ist bereits in den USA zugelassen, und die Therapieeffekte
sind v. a. hinsichtlich der Exophthalmusreduktion enorm. Nebenwirkungen, v. a. Hyperglykämie und Hörstörungen, sind zu beachten. Inwieweit die Autoimmunreaktionen (Produktion der
TRAK/Anlocken von immunkompetenten Zellen) durch diese Therapien auch beeinflusst werden, ist noch nicht ausreichend geklärt. Rezidive nach der Therapie zeigen, dass die Hemmung der
Autoimmunreaktion im Therapiekonzept insbesondere bei schwerem Verlauf mit enthalten sein muss.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Lawsone) Derivatives
Authors: Sagar Ram , Shankar Uma , Khanna Ashish , Singh Kavita , Tiwari Ghanshyam
Published: October 2023

Lawsone, also known as 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, has been extensively studied and found to be a crucial precursor in the production of a diverse range of natural products such as molecular scaffolds, which are highly sought-after for biological research purposes. Due to its unique chemical composition, lawsone has been utilized for over a century as a starting material for the synthesis of numerous biologically active molecules and materials, and its intriguing properties have been showcased across a wide range of scientific and technological applications. Additionally, the various characteristics of lawsone have been widely used in organic synthesis processes. Recent advances in the synthesis of different scaffolds starting from lawsone, and their applications, are discussed in detail in the current review covering the period 2017 to 2023.

1 Introduction

2 Synthetic Developments on 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone

3 Conclusions
Does the Number of Stimuli Influence the Formation of the Endogenous Components of the Event-Related Auditory Evoked Potentials?
Authors: Oliveira Yorran Marques de , Calderaro Victor Goiris , Massuda Eduardo Tanaka , Zanchetta Sthella , Simões Humberto de Oliveira
Published: October 2023

Introduction The number of stimuli is important to determine the quality of auditory evoked potential records. However, there is no consensus on that number in studies, especially in the sample studied.

Objectives To investigate the influence of the number of rare stimuli on forming N2 and P3 components, with different types of acoustic stimuli.

Methods Cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative study, approved by the ethics committee of the institution. The sample comprised 20 normal hearing adults of both sexes, aged 18 to 29 years old, with normal scores in the mental state examination and auditory processing skills. The event-related auditory evoked potentials were performed with nonverbal (1 kHz versus 2 kHz) and verbal stimuli (/BA/ versus /DA/). The number of rare stimuli varied randomly in the recordings, with 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 presentations.

Results P3 latency was significantly higher for nonverbal stimuli with 50 rare stimuli. N2 latency did not show any difference between the type and number of stimuli. The absolute P3 and N2-P3 amplitudes showed significant differences for both types of stimuli, with higher amplitude for 10 rare stimuli, in contrast with the other ones. The linear tendency test indicated significance only for the amplitude – as the number of rare stimuli increased, the amplitude tended to decrease.

Conclusion The components were identifiable in the different numbers of rare stimuli and types of stimuli. The P3 and N2-P3 latency and amplitude increased with fewer verbal and nonverbal stimuli. Recording protocols must consider the number of rare stimuli.
Liver Transplant Complications—A Pictorial Review
Authors: Ethiraju Vijayakumaran , Arunachalam Venkatesh Kasi , Vijayaragavan Paari , Poyyamoli Santhosh , Kumar Rajesh , Rajasekaran Sriman , Mahadevan Gowtham Sembagoundenvalasu , Cannane Seetharaman , Arunachalam Pudhiavan , Ramasamy Rajkumar , Kumar Harish , Selvaraj Swathigha , Kashyap Ravindar , Venkatesh Karthick , Mehta Pankaj , Cherian Mathew
Published: October 2023

Liver transplantation is the most definitive treatment for decompensated chronic liver diseases, acute hepatic failure, and localized hepatocellular carcinomas. With the widespread use of extensive preop evaluation and advanced surgical techniques, the success rate of liver transplantation has dramatically risen over the decade. In a world of increasing demand for liver donors from brain dead donors, a rising trend is seen in the acceptance of living donor liver transplantation procedures. However, postoperative surveillance needs a lower threshold for early imaging to identify the most dreaded complications for salvaging the graft. This pictorial essay aims to categorize the postliver transplantation complications and various imaging findings to diagnose them. The complications can be broadly classified into vascular and nonvascular complications. The most important concern among vascular complications is hepatic artery thrombosis, which frequently results in graft failure. The nonvascular complication comprises biliary origin, infection, and immune response. Multimodality imaging is the need of the hour, which includes ultrasound as the primary tool for gross evaluation, followed by triphasic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Newer techniques in MRI, like diffusion-weighted imaging, arterial spin labeling, diffusion kurtosis imaging, blood oxygenation-level dependent, and magnetic resonance elastography, can also be used to diagnose these complications. Interventional management through minimal access has become the first line of management in certain vascular and nonvascular complications, which can salvage the graft.
Retrocardiac Opacities Detected on Chest Radiographs and their Imaging Workup: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Saikumar Divya , Ramachandran K. , Zunimol P.K.M.
Published: October 2023

The retrocardiac space is a tricky area in the chest radiograph, where abnormal densities are frequently missed out. Lesions in this area produce late pressure symptoms compared with those in the upper mediastinum. Early detection and proper evaluation of retrocardiac opacities can help the radiologist to establish the diagnosis before clinical signs and symptoms become apparent. We present a case series of 10 patients with incidentally detected retrocardiac opacities in the frontal chest radiograph, which were further evaluated with other imaging modalities such as lateral chest radiograph, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to establish the diagnosis. The final diagnosis included congenital conditions like esophageal duplication cyst and bronchogenic cyst; inflammatory conditions like spondylodiscitis, lung abscess, and lobar pneumonia; vascular conditions like aortic aneurysm; diaphragmatic pathologies like hiatus hernia; and rare tumors like cardiac papillary fibroelastoma, pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor, and ganglioneuroma. Cardinal signs that aid in the diagnosis of retrocardiac opacities are also discussed.
Myanmar Articulation, Resonation, Nasal Emission, and Nasal Turbulence Test: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Makarabhirom Kalyanee , Prathanee Benjamas , Rattanapitak Ampika
Published: October 2023

Background This article describes the development of the Myanmar Articulation, Resonation, Nasal Emission, and Nasal Turbulence test for children with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and evaluation of its validity and reliability.

Methods It was created by three Thai researchers and a Burmese research assistant based on Burmese phonology. The content validity was evaluated by six Burmese language experts. All test items were divided into three groups: high-pressure oral consonants, low-pressure oral consonants, and nasal consonants.

Results All items (58-word and 32-phrase/sentence) gave an excellent level of the expert agreement (item-level content validity indexes = 1.00). The target items were illustrated as color pictures. Each picture was clearly drawn and easy to identify. As a pilot study of face validity, all pictures were administered to 10 typical-developing children. The actual testing was assessed by 10 CLP children, and the developed test was analyzed through consultation of the Burmese teachers and interpreters from a speech camp. Testing scores for a total including three groups of target items were shown acceptable for internal consistency reliability (ranged from 0.4 to 0.88).

Conclusion The constructed test is valid in terms of its content.
Dynamic Reconstruction of Anal Sphincter with Camera Shutter Style Double-Opposing Gracilis Flaps
Authors: Wong Allen Wei-Jiat , Tan Grace Hui-Min , Koh Frederick Hong-Xiang , Chew Min Hoe
Published: October 2023

Fournier's gangrene is a life-threatening infection which requires prompt recognition, early surgical debridement of unhealthy tissue, and initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Relook debridement are usually performed until all the devitalized tissue has been removed. Involvement of the anal sphincter may result in significant morbidity such as permanent incontinence. Dynamic reconstruction of the anal sphincter has always been one of the holy grails in the field of pelvic reconstruction.

We demonstrate a new method of camera shutter style double-opposing gracilis muscle flaps that allows dynamic sphincteric function without the need for electrostimulation. The bilateral gracilis muscles are inset in a fashion that allows orthograde contraction of the muscle to narrow and collapse the neoanal opening. With biofeedback training, the patient is able to regain dynamic continence and return to function without a stoma. There was also no need for neurotization or microsurgery techniques to restore sphincteric function to the anus. The patient was able to reverse his stoma 14 months after the initial insult and reconstruction with biofeedback training without the use of electrostimulation.
Flexor Tendon Rupture Secondary to Gout
Authors: Lynn Jeremy V. , Strong Amy L. , Chung Kevin C.
Published: October 2023

Extra-articular deposition of monosodium urate crystals is a widely recognized manifestation of gout. However, gouty infiltration of flexor tendons in the hand resulting in tendon rupture is exceedingly rare. This case report highlights a patient with gouty infiltration of flexor tendons in the right middle finger resulting in rupture of both the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis. Given the extent of gouty infiltration and need for pulley reconstruction, the patient was treated with two-stage flexor tendon reconstruction. Febuxostat was prescribed preoperatively to limit further deposition of monosodium urate crystals and continued postoperatively to maximize the potential for long-lasting results. Prednisone was prescribed between the first- and second-stage operations to prevent a gout flare while the silicone rod was in place. In summary, tendon rupture secondary to gouty infiltration is the most likely diagnosis in patients with a history of gout presenting with tendon insufficiency.
The Islanded Nasolabial Flap: A Versatile and Reliable Flap for Reconstruction in Cancers of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Jain Amar , Ghosh Sandeep , Bhojwani Deepak , Sharma Abhishek
Published: October 2023

On the Indian subcontinent, oral cancer represents a significant health burden. Local flaps offer a viable alternative to free flaps in specific reconstructive scenarios where free flaps may not be feasible. The islanded nasolabial flap, based on the facial artery, proves to be a robust and versatile option for single-stage reconstructions of oral cavity defects. In this study, we share our experience employing the islanded nasolabial flap at a high-volume cancer center in Central India for reconstructing buccal mucosa and tongue defects. This prospective observational study focused on approximately 76 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (specifically, the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue and buccal mucosa) at our cancer hospital between August 2021 and January 2023. Initially, 76 patients were included; however, four patients were subsequently excluded due to inadvertent facial vein injury during neck dissection caused by level IB node invasion. Consequently, 72 patients underwent islanded nasolabial flap reconstruction and were monitored for postoperative complications and functional outcomes. Our study's patients fell within the age range of 24 to 81 years, with the majority between 40 and 50 years old. Most of our patients had carcinoma affecting the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (61.11%), followed by carcinoma of the buccal mucosa (38.88%). Surgical site infection occurred in four patients (5.55%) at the donor site, and one patient (1.38%) experienced flap necrosis after tongue carcinoma surgery. However, the majority of our patients (93.05%) experienced no postoperative complications. Speech intelligibility was good for all patients (100%) with buccal mucosa cancer. A significant portion of patients (78.57%) could tolerate a normal diet, while 21.42% required a soft diet. Among patients with tongue carcinoma, 56.81% had good speech intelligibility, and 43.18% had acceptable speech intelligibility. Regarding swallowing capacity assessment, 65.90% of patients tolerated a normal diet, and 34.09% could manage a soft diet. None of our patients had poor speech intelligibility, and none depended on a liquid diet or tube feeding. This study underscores the versatility of the islanded nasolabial flap in oral cancer resection reconstruction. The islanded nasolabial flap proves to be a straightforward, effective, and reliable technique with a low incidence of complications and exceptional functional outcomes, establishing it as a valuable reconstructive option for small-to-medium-sized oral defects. This is particularly noteworthy for high-volume centers and regions with limited resources.
Electroclinical Features of Epilepsy in Kleefstra Syndrome
Authors: Giacomini Thea , Cordani Ramona , Bagnasco Irene , Vercellino Fabiana , Giordano Lucio , Milito Giuseppe , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Mandrile Giorgia , Scala Marcello , Meli Mariaclaudia , Falsaperla Raffaele , Luria Gianvittorio , De Grandis Elisa , Canale Edoardo , Amadori Elisabetta , Striano Pasquale , Nobili Lino , Siri Laura
Published: October 2023

Background Kleefstra syndrome (KS) or 9q34.3 microdeletion syndrome (OMIM #610253) is a rare genetic condition featuring intellectual disability, hypotonia, and dysmorphic facial features. Autism spectrum disorder, severe language impairment, and sleep disorders have also been described. The syndrome can be either caused by a microdeletion in 9q34.3 or by pathogenic variants in the euchromatin histone methyltransferase 1 gene (EHMT1, *607001). Although epilepsy has been reported in 20 to 30% of subjects, a detailed description of epileptic features and underlying etiology is still lacking. The purpose of this study is to investigate epilepsy features in a cohort of epileptic patients with KS.

Methods This multicenter study investigated eight patients with KS and epilepsy. Our findings were compared with literature data.

Results We included five patients with 9q or 9q34.33 deletions, a subject with a complex translocation involving EHMT1, and two with pathogenic EHMT1 variants. All patients presented with moderate to severe developmental delay, language impairment, microcephaly, and infantile hypotonia. Although the epileptic manifestations were heterogeneous, most patients experienced focal seizures. The seizure frequency differs according to the age of epilepsy onset, with patients with early-onset epilepsy (before 36 months of age) presenting more frequent seizures. An overtime reduction in seizure frequency, as well as in antiseizure drug number, was observed in all patients. Developmental delay degree did not correlate with seizure onset and frequency or drug resistance.

Conclusion Epilepsy is a frequent finding in KS, but the underlying pathogenetic mechanism and specific features remain elusive.
2.5 Cobalt-Catalyzed Bidentate-Chelation-Assisted C—H Functionalization
Authors: Mandal R. , Garai B. , Sundararaju B.
Published: October 2023

C—H bond functionalization catalyzed by high-valent-cobalt species with the aid of bidentate chelation has come a long way since the pioneering report by Daugulis almost a decade ago. Further study of the reaction mechanisms revealed that stoichiometric amounts of metal salts could be replaced with photocatalysts or electricity as one-electron oxidants, and approaches based on these strategies can be considered more environmentally friendly than the initially developed catalytic systems. Systematic investigations have led to a better understanding of the coordination environment of the in-situ-formed cobaltacycle, and this has led to the development of external chiral ligands for cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric C—H functionalizations. This review is a comprehensive summary of the documented methods for cobalt-catalyzed, bidentate-chelation-assisted C—H bond functionalizations as of early 2023.
2.13 Base-Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Polar Unsaturated Bonds
Authors: Li H. , Wang Y. , Liu Q.
Published: October 2023

The catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds to afford the corresponding saturated products is of great significance in both organic synthesis and industrial application. Historically, such transformations have generally been based on the use of noble-metal catalysts; however, in recent years, much attention has been paid to the development of earth-abundant-metal catalysts as alternatives to the well-established noble-metal congeners in terms of sustainability. This review comprehensively describes the hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds and related functional groups catalyzed by base metals, including iron, cobalt, manganese, nickel, and copper. These results are expected to promote the further development and prosperity of base-metal catalysis.
Unravelling cross-country regulatory intricacies of data governance: the relevance of legal insights for digitalization and international business
Authors: Coche Eugénie , Kolk Ans , Ocelík Václav
Published: October 2023

In an era of digital transformation, where data is often referred to as the ‘new oil’ of business, with data privacy and cybersecurity incidents recurrently making the headlines, international business (IB) scholars are increasingly grappling with the challenges posed by disparate data governance regulations. Recognizing the growing importance of this topic for IB research and policymaking, our paper seeks to offer a comprehensive examination of cross-country regulatory intricacies of data governance, frequently described by IB scholars as ‘complex’ and ‘pluralistic’ institutional contexts. This allows us to explore the various implications of diverse data governance regulations on international business, thus laying the groundwork for rigorous IB policy studies in this area. As a preliminary finding, we highlight a greater need for international cooperation, where both policymakers and multinational enterprises play a pivotal role. Using the EU data governance framework as an illustrative example, we structure our discussion around four policy areas of data governance: data use; data transfers; data storage; and data flows. We aim for this categorization to serve as a foundational basis for future IB research, aiding in tackling one of the most pressing digital challenges of this day and age: reconciling data privacy and security with data-driven innovation.
Effects of continuous wettability on the pool-boiling bubble dynamics and heat transfer characteristics of a triangular structure-roughened surface
Authors: Zhang Ying , Mao Yu , Tian Yuan , Huang Yichen , Liu Jiansheng , Ke Zhaoqing
Published: October 2023

A phase transition lattice Boltzmann model is used in the current study to simulate the pool boiling process on a triangular structure-roughened surface with conjugate heat transfer effect. Through the verification of the Laplace law and the theoretical film boiling results, the adopted model is ensured to predict pool boiling phenomena accurately with excellent stability. The bubble dynamics, including the nucleation, growth, coalescence and detachment of the bubbles on the triangular structure-roughened surface with continuous wettability, is discussed. Little research has been conducted on the continuous wettability effect on the pool boiling with triangular structures-roughened surfaces. The results show that a hydrophilic surface inhibits bubble growth but facilities bubble detachment with bubble nucleation at the concave corners; a hydrophobic surface increases bubble growth but inhibits bubble detachment with bubble nucleation at hydrophobic areas. It is found that when the direction of the self-drive favors bubble detachment from the surface, the surface which from contact angle θBottom=120° to θTop=90° under the study can achieve better heat transfer over a wider range of superheat, while setting the continuous wettability from θBottom=120° to θTop=60° can achieve a better heat flux density at lower superheat.