bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difusão e adaptação do modelo de agência reguladora no Brasil
Authors: Holperin Michelle Moretzsohn
Published: January 2020

Abstract This article examines the diffusion of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in Brazil, demonstrating how important domestic factors interplayed with traditional mechanisms of diffusion lead to an expressive process of agencification. Although top-down, bottom-up and horizontal mechanisms played an important role in the Brazilian agencification process, they fail to explain the creation of IRAs in unexpected sectors or the frequent modifications that occurred at subnational levels in a short period of time. To understand how local political actors adapted the regulatory agency model to the Brazilian institutional legacies, field research was conducted, based on bibliographical, documental, and interviews with key political actors. The specificities of Brazilian federalism and the strategic role of the film industry, bureaucrats and politicians in (re)interpreting the agency model helped to boost the diffusion of IRAs in Brazil.
Modelo e determinantes das relações entre governos estaduais e locais na Nigéria
Authors: Ikeanyibe Okechukwu Marcellus , Chukwu Patrick Chiemeka , Ibietan Jide
Published: January 2020

Abstract Nigeria struggles to establish and sustain cooperative, interdependent state-local intergovernmental relations (IGR) by providing for the powers and rights of local governments in the federal constitution. Despite the provisions, the practice of state-local IGR has remained inclusive, hierarchical, dependent and competitive. This paper investigates the extent to which constitutional provisions determine state-local relations as against the macrostructure of intergovernmental relations between the federal government and states. The authors argue that it is difficult to expect a cooperative, interdependent, state-local IGR through constitutional provisions of the powers and rights of local governments, if the federal-state relations, which should be the determining framework of IGR is inclusive, hierarchical and dependent. The paper suggests that the lower forms of IGR in a federation (e.g. the state-local IGR), largely depend on the super-structure, which is that between the federal government and the lower tiers. The implication is that the level of autonomy enjoyed by local governments largely depends on the level of autonomy the states themselves enjoy.
Contratualização de resultados: fragilidades na transparência e baixa accountability das organizações sociais
Authors: Martins Larissa de Jesus , Olivieri Cecília
Published: January 2020

Resumo Esta pesquisa analisou a transparência e a responsabilização na contratualização de resultados entre o Governo do Estado de São Paulo e as organizações sociais (OS) de cultura, com base nos julgamentos do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de São Paulo (TCE-SP). Adotou-se a perspectiva instrumental da transparência, para analisar os inputs e os outputs do processo de contratualização. Os resultados apontam fragilidades da transparência, especialmente nos aspectos de mensurabilidade e tempestividade da informação, afetando negativamente a responsabilização da OS e do governo estadual diante da população. Indica-se, também, a necessidade do governo aprimorar os mecanismos de controle interno na análise dos contratos.
Results-based contracs: weaknesses in transparency and low accountability
Authors: Martins Larissa de Jesus , Olivieri Cecília
Published: January 2020

Resumo Esta pesquisa analisou a transparência e a responsabilização na contratualização de resultados entre o Governo do Estado de São Paulo e as organizações sociais (OS) de cultura, com base nos julgamentos do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de São Paulo (TCE-SP). Adotou-se a perspectiva instrumental da transparência, para analisar os inputs e os outputs do processo de contratualização. Os resultados apontam fragilidades da transparência, especialmente nos aspectos de mensurabilidade e tempestividade da informação, afetando negativamente a responsabilização da OS e do governo estadual diante da população. Indica-se, também, a necessidade do governo aprimorar os mecanismos de controle interno na análise dos contratos.
Agronomic and biochemical evaluation of cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp
Authors: Fuhrmann Elisiane , Vieira Eduardo Alano , Fialho Josefino de Freitas , Faleiro Fábio Gelape , Malaquias Juaci Vitoria , Carvalho Luiz Joaquim Castelo Branco
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: Sweet cassava breeding programs are focused on the development of bio fortified cultivars that combine significant amounts of carotenoids in their reserve roots with desirable agronomic. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic and biochemical traits in sweet cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp. The nine genotypes were evaluated in two seasons in a randomized block design with three replications. Among the evaluated clones, the following stood out: i) for the height of the first branch (390/08, 345/08 and the control IAC 576-70); ii) for plant height (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08); iii) for shoot weight without original steam cutting (390/08, 406/08, 378/08 e 341/08); iv) for the percentage of starch in roots (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 and the control IAC 576-70); and v) for the root yield (the control IAC 576-70 and 341/08, 390/08, 406/08 e 387/08). In the 2011/2012 season, all clones cooked within 30 minutes, indicating that they all have good culinary qualities. Regarding the total carotenoid content in the roots, the clones that stood out were 406/08 and 341/08. All clones evaluated had HCN content below 100 mg kg-1. Clones 341/08 and 406/08 have agronomic and biochemical potential for direct cultivation by producers in the Cerrado region of Central Brazil and / or for use as stock in sweet cassava breeding programs.
Protocol for the evaluation of chewing among older adults
Authors: Souza Luiz Felipe Ferreira de , Silva Licinio Esmeraldo da , Scelza Neto Pantaleo
Published: January 2020

Abstract Objectives : To evaluate the functional and physiological structures of the stomatognathic system of the oral cavity of older adults based on self-perception, comparing the same with a professional clinical evaluation, and investigating the difficulties encountered when chewing. Method : An analytical cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted with a sample of 53 older adults aged 60 to 90 years. A protocol consisting of three questionnaires was used: a sociodemographic evaluation, a self-perception based interview with 19 questions on the chewing of the older adults and a clinical evaluation containing 30 questions covering aspects of the oral cavity tissue. The self-perception and clinical evaluation scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney test and the proportions observed for each item were compared by the binomial test. Results : It was found that the self-perception of older adults did not correspond to the result of the clinical evaluation. While 31 (58.5%) reported satisfaction with chewing, 16 (30.2%) had high/very high impairment and 14(26.4%) moderate impairment, based on the results of the clinical evaluation found. Conclusion : It was found that the chewing analysis process cannot be exclusively based on the answers provided by the older adults, and assessment proved to be more accurate when combined with a clinical evaluation performed by a professional.
Polypharmacy in community-based older adults: results of the Fibra study
Authors: Marques Priscila de Paula , Assumpção Daniela de , Rezende Roseli , Neri Anita Liberalesso , Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo
Published: January 2020

Abstract Objectives : To estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy among older adults (≥65 years); to verify its association with sociodemographic variables, nutritional status and health conditions; to describe the prevalence of polypharmacy according to the presence of specific chronic diseases, and to report the method of acquiring drugs. Method : A cross-sectional study was performed with older adults (n=2,217) from seven Brazilian municipal regions. The prevalence of polypharmacy and its 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Associations were verified using Pearson’s Chi-squared test with a significance level of 5%, and the independent associations between the selected variables and polypharmacy were verified by multiple hierarchical Poisson regression. Results : The prevalence of polypharmacy was 18.4% (CI95%:16.8-20.0), and was significantly lower among non-white individuals, those who did not have a health plan, and those who assessed their health as very good/good (p<0.05). Obesity: (PR=1.36; CI95%:1.06-1.75), increased waist circumference (PR=1.54; CI95%:1.08-2.20) and presence of two (PR=2.24; CI95%:1.52-3.31) or three or more (PR=4.22; CI95%:2.96-6.02) chronic diseases were positively associated with polypharmacy. Polypharmacy was observed in about 30.0% of older adults with heart disease, diabetes mellitus and/or strokes/CVA/ischemia. The frequency of older adults who acquired drugs in Basic Health Units was 20.3% and those who obtained them via their own/family resources was 13.5%. Conclusion : Among older adults, the identification of segments with a higher prevalence of polypharmacy enables a better structuring of the provision of treatment during their care pathway, allowing special attention to be paid to problems related to the use of drugs.
Homogén és heterogén csoportok az óvodában
Authors: Ádám Fruzsina , Hegedűs Roland
Published: January 2020

The choice of the kindergarten and the group is decisive in a child's life. It is difficult to decide whether a homogeneous or a heterogeneous group is better for children; and kindergarten teachers are also divided on which group they like to work in. Therefore, the study tries to find out what the kindergarten teachers think of a homogeneous and of a heterogeneous group. In our research, we used a questionnaire with kindergarten teachers; on the one hand, which groups were preferred by kindergarten teachers and on the other hand, which group was more difficult to work in. In the study, we also pointed out the opinion of kindergarten teachers: which group is better for children's development.
Mobiltelefonok az oktatásban: szabályok, normák, értékek
Authors: Bartal Orsolya
Published: January 2020

Our society is being “computerised” (Ősz-András-Rajcsányi, 2013) and at the same time with these interchanging modern IT tools are becoming available for many levels of the society diminishing the digital divide. The study shows the processes of the “mobile” society experienced these days, i.e. in many cases it could be a drawback not only at home within generations but at the same time in education as well. In many situations the educational institutions are struggling for/against the rules of the usage of mobile phones. They are trying to adjust the rules of the schools to this relatively new situation. This is not only a question which is waiting for solution at schools but also at home, where the norms and values of digital natives (the children) and digital immigrants (the parents) (Prensky, 2001) are hindered. Mobile devices make their users follow a new value transmission and set up new rules. It is high time to rethink our norms, values and rules. The experiences of connections and communities (Nyíri, 2010) have changed thanks to the invasion of the mobiles. The study aims to have a glimpse into the changes of society focusing on the field of education.
Trends and Issues on STEM and STEAM Education in Early Childhood
Authors: Sawangmek Sureeporn
Published: January 2020

The research aims to focus on Thai national and international studies regarding STEM and STEAM education in early childhood education. After a detailed search by using the five databases, 33 researches published during 2008 and 2018 were accessed and analyzed using content analysis. The research finding signifies that STEM and STEAM education in early childhood classrooms have aroused both Thai national and international interest from an educational perspective to prepare students for the 21st century. Furthermore, classroom implementation and instruction design to incorporate STEM and STEAM education have been more challenging to fulfill the expected benefits, such as, effective of learning both formal and informal education, building of STEM literacy, preparing of professional development of preservice and in-service teacher.
Criminological security of the region
Authors: Prozumentov Lev M. , Shesler Alexander V.
Published: January 2020

The subject of the study is the criminological security of the region as part of its public security. The purpose of the study is to define the concept of "criminological security of the region", as well as to identify priority areas of criminological security.As a result of the study, it was concluded that activities to ensure public safety in the region involve, firstly, identifying threats to the state of protection of the most important social values of the region, and secondly, assessing the scale and significance of these threats, predicting their dynamics and impact on social processes in region, thirdly, the preparation of a plan to counter these threats, fourthly, the specific activities of state and other entities to implement this plan.
Legal analysis of the content of the category «criminal law impact»
Authors: Lapshin Valery F.
Published: January 2020

The category of criminal law impact is currently being actively studied in the domestic legal science for the relationship with the content of the categories of criminal punishment, other measures of a criminal law nature, criminal liability. In the presented study, the problem of determining the types of criminal law influence and the peculiarities of their implementation, depending on the presence or absence of certain legally significant features, is posed. Given the stated problems, the subject of the study is determined in the form of criminal law norms that enshrine deprivation and legal restrictions that apply to persons who have committed a socially dangerous act prohibited by criminal law.

The application in the process of research of a combination of general scientific and private scientific methods allowed us to formulate the final conclusion that the criminal legal effect is realized as a result of the application of criminal liability measures and other measures of a criminal legal nature. Criminal liability is realized on general and preferential terms. The basis for the use of the latter is the fact of positive post-criminal behavior, which significantly reduces the social danger of the perpetrator.
SHS robust modes to restore molybdenum by combustion wave in MoO3 – Al system
Authors: Milyukova Irina V. , Boronenko Marina P.
Published: January 2020

The work is devoted to the technology for the reduction of molybdenum from oxides by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in the MoO3 AI system with the addition of aluminum. The experiment was carried out in two modes: in a reactor at different pressures without preliminary heating and in a furnace in air until the initiation of the SH-synthesis process. Samples of molybdenum metal were obtained in different synthesis modes. X-ray phase and X-ray spectral analysis showed that molybdenum is the main phase in the synthesized samples. The presence of slag oxide phases Al2O3 and MoO2 was detected.
Influence of micropores on structural instability of the combustion wave
Authors: Cui Hong Zhi , Grigoryevskaya Angelica A. , Gulyaev Pavel Yu.
Published: January 2020

The article shows examples of visualization of the process of heat transfer by radiation in unstable combustion modes of porous powder materials, which are in good agreement with the results of high-speed video recording and micropyrometry. The mathematical model and the results of calculating the structure of the combustion wave in the Ni-Al system are presented. The contribution of radiative heat transfer at an adiabatic combustion temperature in the range of 810 % and the effect of its trigger shutdown with decreasing temperature were revealed.
Criminal-legal and operational-search aspects of counteraction to crimes of extremist orientation
Authors: Korolev Yuriy A.
Published: January 2020

The article characterizes departmental, regulatory and doctrinal approaches to the nature and types of crimes of extremist orientation, as well as provides official statistical data on the dynamics of crime of this type. The author pays special attention to the sign of publicity of the act, used by the legislator in the differentiation of criminal responsibility for extremism.
MARKETING PROBLEMS OF ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS: A RESEARCH IN THE DISTRICT OF SAFRANBOLU
Authors: UYGURTÜRK Hilal
Published: January 2020

Tourism
which is a developing and growing sector provides many benefits to the national
economy. Playing an important role in the national economy and the development
of regions; tourism sector is managed by several establishments. In this
respect, accommodation establishments are the leading businesses. Together with
the developing national economies, technological progresses and the increasing
competition; accommodation establishments have concentrated on marketing
studies for the purpose of keeping hold of their present customers, finding new
customers and sustaining their activities. This condition brings along some
problems; marketing problems in particular. In this study, it is aimed to
determine the marketing problems of accommodation establishments operating in
the district of Safranbolu, which plays an important role in the Turkish
tourism sector. According to that purpose, a questionnaire study was conducted
in the accommodation establishments in Safranbolu and the data were
analyzed.
Application of injection Kenacort, intradermal route in oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: K. Manjunath , Singh Amardeep , S. V. Manjunatha Rao
Published: January 2020

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis is a potentially pre-malignant disease, that results in progressive juxta-epithelial fibrosis of oral soft tissues, resulting in increased loss of tissue mobility, marked rigidity and inability to open the mouth. Actual treatment includes iron, multi vitamins, lycopene, pentoxifyline, steroid injections and human placental extracts. Currently available treatment with intradermal injection of Kenacort with hyaluronidase is effective to some extent.

Methods: This study was conducted at Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Research Centre, Chitradurga, Karnataka, in the Otorhinolaryngology Department from February 2019 to August 2019 for 6 months duration. A total of 40 patients were included in this study. Mouth opening was recorded from baseline to 6 weeks. Cases were followed up for 6 months thereafter. Patients with positive history of chewing of betel-nuts, pan, gutkha and age from 18-50 years males and females were included in this study. Patients undergoing any surgery, allergic conditions, age more than 50 years were excluded. Mouth opening was assessed by objective type and subjective type.

Results: There was significant increase in mouth opening in patients after administration of intra-dermal Kenacort injection and oral lycopene. The results were statistically significant and patients responded better and p value <0.001.

Conclusions: Management of moderate oral submucous fibrosis should include counselling of patients along with oral lycopene with intradermal injection of Kenacort with hyaluronidase, is highly efficacious and cost- effective in improving the mouth opening and reducing other symptoms in patients with OSMF, whereas advanced stages should be treated surgically.
LEARNER STRATEGIES AND COMMUNICATIVE ACQUISITION: LEARNER’S AUTONOMY FROM THE INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Nath Keshav , Meena Neha
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To investigate the conscious strategies learners use in acquiring language skills, though the main focus of the investigation has been on communicative strategies used in the SLA environment coping with communication difficulties in the target language situation.

Methodology: A survey has been conducted of 100 BBA students (to understand the strategies adopted by them) with the help of questionnaires and follow up interviews which are used for observations in this study.

Main findings: Learners do indulge different kinds of learning strategies and the choice of these strategies depends on the aim, objective and situation. Also, this selection/choice vary from learner to learner.

Applications: This study will be useful for the teachers and students of ELT, EFL, and SLA to understand how learning strategies affect learning.

Novelty: The goal of this study is to monitor learner strategies and to develop the learners’ motivational or affective level, or methods of selecting, organizing, acquiring and integrating new knowledge of the students. (Chamot and O’Malley, 1990), then by providing them with the tools to self-regulate their learning autonomy will be functional.
Financial education and the level of basic financial knowledge and its usage among people with Asperger syndrome
Authors: Fraczek Bozena , Gagat Matula Anna
Published: January 2020

We measured the fundamental financial knowledge and the level of using basic financial offers by persons with Asperger syndrome. It was pilot study. The method of diagnostic survey was used. The questionnaire used in the study was authorship, developed on the basis of S&P Global FinLit Survey, conducted by World Bank Development Research Group and GFLEC. The purposive sampling was used for this aim. 32 persons aged 16-22 with Asperger syndrome took part in the study. The results show that respondents are able to use theoretical knowledge acquired in the process of education and know the mechanism of simple and compound interest. Unfortunately, they have a significantly lower level of knowledge than an average citizen in the field of less standard issues, and reveal problems in practical use of the mentioned knowledge. It is recommended to expand the financial education and introduction of special programs for persons with communication disorders.                                                                                     

Keywords: Asperger syndrome, financial education, financial knowledge, financial inclusion
Study on the influence mechanism of underground mineral element Fe(II) on Cr(VI) transformation under subsurface and groundwater interaction zones
Authors: Zheng Yiru , Liu Shuguang , Dai Chaomeng , Duan Yanping , Makhinov Aleksei Nikolavich , Hon Leong Kah , Júnior José Tavares Araruna
Published: January 2020

Background : With the acceleration of urbanization, heavy metal contamination in subsurface water and groundwater is becoming more and more serious, and the interaction between surface water and underground water is an important factor that can't be ignored. Based on the change of oxygen content in surface water and groundwater environment, this research mainly studied the influencing factors and mechanism of underground mineral element Fe (II) on the morphological transformation of heavy metal Cr (VI) under the condition of surface groundwater interaction, and simulates the interaction process of subsurface groundwater by changing the dissolved oxygen content in the redox reaction system of dissolved Fe(II) and Cr(VI). The influence mechanism of pH, Fe (II): Cr (VI), groundwater hardness ion and humic acid on the morphological transformation of Cr (VI) was investigated. Results: The results showed that the content of DO did affect the conversion of Fe (II) to Cr (VI). pH had a great influence on the redox reaction: while pH=3~5,the reaction rate of Fe (II) and Cr (VI) and the removal rate of Cr (VI) decreased with the increase of pH; while pH=6~8, the reaction rate and the removal of Cr (VI) increased with the increase of pH. When Fe (II) : Cr (VI)=3:1, the reaction of Fe (II) and Cr (VI) is affected by DO；when Fe (II) : Cr (VI) is 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 5:1, DO has no obvious effect on the reaction. Groundwater hardness ions can greatly promote the redox reaction. When humic acid exists in the reaction system, the Fe (III) formed by the oxidation of Fe (II) by Cr (VI) will once again be converted into soluble Fe (II), the reduction of humic acid further promote the redox reaction between Fe (II) and Cr (VI), and promote the conversion of Cr (VI) by Fe (II) more effectively. Moreover, the higher the concentration of humic acid, the higher the removal rate of Cr (VI). Conclusions: The research results have practical guiding significance for groundwater contamination prediction, pollution control and remediation, integrated water resources management and the construction of sponge city in China.
Altered hypothalamus functional connectivity with limbic system in fibromyalgia and the modulation effect of intervention
Authors: Kong Jian , Huang Yiting , Liu Jiao , Yu Siyi , Cheng Ming , Chen Helen , Wilson Georgia , Harvey William , Li Wen , Wang Chenchen
Published: January 2020

Background: This study aims to investigate the resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes of the hypothalamus in Fibromyalgia patients and the modulation effect of effective treatments. Methods: Fibromyalgia patients and matched healthy controls (HC’s) were recruited. Resting state fMRI data were collected from fibromyalgia patients before and after a 12-week Tai Chi intervention and once from HC’s. Results: Data analysis showed that fibromyalgia patients displayed significantly decreased medial hypothalamus (MH) rsFC with the thalamus and amygdala when compared to HC’s at baseline. After the intervention, fibromyalgia patients showed increased (normalized) MH rsFC in the thalamus and amygdala. Effective connectivity analysis showed disrupted MH and thalamus interaction in fibromyalgia, which nonetheless could be partially restored by Tai Chi. Conclusions: Elucidating the role of the diencephalon and limbic system in the pathophysiology and development of fibromyalgia may facilitate the development of new treatment methods for this prevalent disorder. Trial registration: Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02407665. Registered 3 April 2015 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02407665
Cholesterol reducer and Thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Poupore Nicolas , Strat Dan , Mackey Tristan , Brown Katherine , Snell Ashley , Nathaniel Thomas
Published: January 2020

Background Specific clinical risk factors may contribute to worsening or improving neurological functions in an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patient pre-treated with a cholesterol reducer with a subsequent recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment. We investigated clinical risk factors associated with good or poor presenting neurological symptoms in ischemic stroke patients with prior cholesterol reducer use, specifically a statin and rtPA therapy.Methods We retrospectively analyzed baseline clinical and demographic data of 630 patients with AIS taking cholesterol reducers prior to rtPA treatment from January 2010 to June 2016 in a regional stroke center. Progressing (NIHSS ≤ 7) or worsening (NIHSS > 7) scores for neurologic improvement determined measures for treatment outcome. Multivariate logistic regression models identified demographic and clinical factors associated with worsening or progressing neurologic functions.Results Adjusted multivariate analysis showed that in an ischemic stroke population with a combined rtPA and cholesterol reducer medication history, increasing age (OR = 1.032, 95% CI, 1.015-1.048, P < 0.001) and atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.859, 95% CI, 1.098-3.149, P = 0.021) demonstrated a likely association with worsening neurologic functions, while direct admission (OR = 0.411, 95% CI, 0.246-0.686, P = 0.001) and being Caucasian (OR = 0.496, 95% CI, 0.297-0.827, P = 0.007) showed an association with improving or progressing neurologic functions.Conclusion A prior cholesterol reducer, namely a statin, plus rtPA combination may be associated with worsening neurological function for elderly AIS patients with atrial fibrillation, while Caucasians directly admitted to a neurology unit are more likely to show an association with progress or improvements in neurologic functions.
Augmentation Strategies for Clozapine-Resistant Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Chiu Yi-Hang , Hsu Chia-Yueh , Lu Mong-Liang , Chen Chun-Hsin
Published: January 2020

Background:

Clozapine has been used in treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia. However,
only 40% of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia have response to clozapine. Many augmentation
strategies have been proposed to treat those clozapine-resistant patients, but the results are inconclusive. In this
review, we intended to review papers dealing with the augmentation strategies in the treatment of clozapineresistant
patients with schizophrenia.

Method:

We reviewed randomized, double-blind, placebo- or sham-controlled trials (RCT) for clozapine-resistant
patients with schizophrenia in Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and PubMed database from January 1990 to June
2019.

Results:

Antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, brain stimulation, such as electroconvulsive therapy
(ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and other strategies, were used as an augmentation in
clozapine-resistant patients with schizophrenia. Except for better evidence in memantine with 2 RCTs and cognitive
behavior therapy in 2 studies to support its effectiveness, we found that all the other effective augmentations,
including sulpiride, ziprasidone, duloxetine, mirtazapine, ECT, sodium benzoate, ginkgo biloba, and minocycline,
had only one RCT with limited sample size.

Conclusion:

In this review, no definite effective augmentation strategy was found for clozapine-resistant patients.
Some potential strategies with beneficial effects on psychopathology need further studies with a larger sample
size to support their efficacy.
Focusing on DNA Repair and Damage Tolerance Mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Emerging Therapeutic Theme
Authors: Mittal Pooja , Sinha Rajesh , Kumar Amit , Singh Pooja , Ngasainao Moses Rinchui , Singh Archana , Singh Indrakant K.
Published: January 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is one such disease that has become a nuisance in the world scenario and
one of the most deadly diseases of the current times. The etiological agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (M. tb) kills millions of people each year. Not only 1.7 million people worldwide are
estimated to harbor M. tb in the latent form but also 5 to 15 percent of which are expected to acquire an
infection during a lifetime. Though curable, a long duration of drug regimen and expense leads to low
patient adherence. The emergence of multi-, extensive- and total- drug-resistant strains of M. tb further
complicates the situation. Owing to high TB burden, scientists worldwide are trying to design novel
therapeutics to combat this disease. Therefore, to identify new drug targets, there is a growing interest in
targeting DNA repair pathways to fight this infection. Thus, this review aims to explore DNA repair and
damage tolerance as an efficient target for drug development by understanding M. tb DNA repair and
tolerance machinery and its regulation, its role in pathogenesis and survival, mutagenesis, and consequently,
in the development of drug resistance.
AIE Luminogens as Versatile Bioprobes
Authors: Gabr Moustafa T. , Pigge F. Christopher
Published: January 2020

Background:

Luminogens that feature aggregation induced emission (AIE) are typically
non-emissive in solution but become highly luminescent upon aggregation in poor solvents or solid
state.

Discussion:

Unlike conventional fluorophores that exhibit aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ),
utilization of AIE luminogens as bioprobes has featured superior photostability, low background signal,
large Stokes’ shifts, high sensitivity and turn-on luminescent response.

Conclusion:

The versatility of AIE-based luminogens as bioprobes has been demonstrated through
various applications in cell organelle imaging, ion sensing and sensitive detection of biomacromolecules.
Examples of AIE-based luminogens and their applications as luminescent sensors for biosensing
and optical imaging are discussed herein.
A New Generation Nanotherapeutic: pHEMA-Chitosan Nanocomposites in siRNA Delivery
Authors: Eroğlu Erdal , Portakal Hüseyin Saygın , Pamukçu Ayşenur
Published: January 2020

Background:

Despite great hopes for small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based gene therapies,
restrictions, including the presence of nucleases, reticuloendothelial system and undesired electrostatic
interactions between nucleic acids and the cell membrane, limit the success of these approaches.
In the last few decades, non-viral nucleic acid delivery vectors in nanosize with high biocompatibility,
low toxicity and proton sponge effect have emerged as magic bullets to overcome
these drawbacks.

Objective:

This study aimed to develop poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA)-chitosan
nanoparticles (PCNp), and to transfect green fluorescent protein (GFP)-silencing siRNA (GsiR) in
vitro.

Methods:

Firstly, PCNp displaying core-shell structure were synthesized and thereafter GsiR was
encapsulated into the core of PCNp. The synthesized PCNp with/without GsiR were characterized
using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis)-spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
thermal decomposition, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta
potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Encapsulation of siRNA into the
pHEMA core coated with chitosan shell was demonstrated using fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy.

Results:

The surface charges of PCNp and PCNp-GsiR were found to be +39.5 and +40.2, respectively.
In DLS analysis, an insignificant shift in the Z-average diameter of PCNp was observed from
109 nm to 133 nm using the encapsulation of GsiR. In comparison to other studied nanomaterials and
a commercial transfection reagent, our findings suggest a promising GFP-silencing effect of 45%.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, we have obtained comparable silencing activity with the other studied
equivalents despite using the lowest concentration of siRNA in existing literature.
Pomegranate Juice does not Affect the Bioavailability of Cyclosporine in Healthy Thai Volunteers
Authors: Anlamlert Wirin , Sermsappasuk Pakawadee
Published: January 2020

Background:

It is still controversial whether pomegranate causes drug interactions.
Pomegranate juice has been shown to inhibit CYP3A in-vitro and animal studies. The coadministration
of pomegranate juice with cyclosporine, a narrow therapeutic drug that is the substrate
of CYP3A, might lead to drug toxicity. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect
of pomegranate juice on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in healthy Thai volunteers.

Methods:

The study design was an open-label, randomized, single dose, crossover study with a 2-
week washout period. Each fasting subject received 2 microemulsion tablets of 100 mg of cyclosporine
with 500 ml of pomegranate juice (test) or 500 ml of water (control). Serial blood samples
were collected up to 24 h after dosing, and blood samples were analyzed for cyclosporine concentrations
by using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Fourteen healthy volunteers
completed the study.

Results:

The 90% confidence intervals for the test/control ratio using logarithmically transformed
data of area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero until the last measured concentration
(AUC0-t), AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), and maximum concentration (Cmax)
were 91.6-105.6, 92.0-105.2 and 82.3-102.5, respectively. The results were within the accepted
bioequivalence range for narrow therapeutic index drugs (90-111% for AUC and 80-125% for
Cmax). There were no differences in adverse event between the groups.

Conclusion:

Single dose administration of pomegranate juice with cyclosporine did not significantly
affect the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine. However, further work is needed to thoroughly
evaluate the effect of pomegranate on narrow therapeutic drugs.
Dos cambios de rango taxonómico en Pseudognaphalium (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) de México
Authors: Villarreal Quintanilla José Ángel , Estrada-Castillón A. Eduardo , Encina-Domínguez Juan A.
Published: January 2020

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Pseudognaphalium es un género de la tribu Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) segregado de Gnaphalium. Desde su separación en 1950, ha habido una serie de transferencias que cubren todos los taxones mexicanos. McVaugh describe Gnaphalium vulcanicum var. monticola y, posteriormente, Espinosa-García G. oxyphyllum var. nataliae. Ambos nombres han tenido cambios nomenclaturales y, junto con las variedades típicas, se han mantenido como categorías infraespecíficas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si existe soporte para reconocer como especies a cuatro variedades de Pseudognaphalium: P. liebmannii var. liebmannii, P. liebmannii var. monticola, P. oxyphyllum var. oxyphyllum y P. oxyphyllum var. nataliae.
Métodos: Se realizó un análisis morfométrico de 77 muestras y la evaluación de 20 caracteres para encontrar la similitud entre cuatro categorías infraespecíficas: Pseudognaphalium liebmannii var. liebmannii, P. liebmannii var. monticola, P. oxyphyllum var. oxyphyllum y P. oxyphyllum var. nataliae.
Resultados clave: El uso de análisis multivariados mostró que se pueden diferenciar objetivamente las cuatro variedades estudiadas. Éstas forman grupos aislados sin sobreposición entre sus elementos. Pseudognaphalium oxyphyllum var. nataliae está más cercano a P. oxyphyllum var. oxyphyllum y a su vez P. liebmannii var. monticola muestra mayor proximidad con P. oxyphyllum var. nataliae que con P. liebmanii var. liebmanii.
Conclusiones: Como consecuencia de la separación de las categorías infraespecíficas estudiadas mediante el análisis de similitud se proponen como nuevas jerarquías taxonómicas a nivel de especie a Pseudognaphalium monticola y P. nataliae.
Aplikasi Hydrogen Rich Water Pada Modifikasi Tepung Kentang Dengan Pengering Gelombang Mikro Sebagai Alternatif Substitusi Gandum
Authors: Budiarti Gita Indah , Sulistiawati Endah
Published: January 2020

Kentang merupakan umbi tinggi mineral dapat digunakan sebagai bahan alternatif substitusi gandum. Namun, kentang memiliki daya kembang yang rendah dibandingkan gandum. Sehingga dilakukan modifikasi menggunakan hydrogen rich water yang aman untuk makanan dibantu dengan pengering gelombang mikro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hydrogen rich water terhadap sifat fisikokimia tepung kentang yaitu swelling power, kelarutan, viskositas dan morfologi tepung kentang. Variasi waktu perendaman modifikasi pati dan pH yang digunakan adalah 10, 20, 30, dan 40 menit dan 9, 5. Dari hasil yang diperoleh, perlakuan yang direkomendasikan adalah waktu perendaman 30 menit dan pH 5  dengan nilai swelling power, kelarutan dan viskositas masing-masing 12,51 g/g, 2,28%, dan  1,14 cP. Analisis Scanning Electron Microsopy (SEM) menunjukkan morfologi pati yang telah dimodifikasi kasar dan menyatu. Hasil yang diperoleh lebih tinggi daripada nilai dari tepung terigu. Sehingga kentang dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai bahan alternatif substitusi terigu.
De Sócrates a Sócrates: as formas do drama entre Platão e Aristófanes
Authors: Costa Alexandre
Published: January 2020

Esse artigo é uma réplica ao texto de Luisa Buarque intitulado "Filósofos Perversos e Inúteis: o desafio de Adimanto e a comédia aristofânica".
Heidegger, Benjamin e a obra de arte como experiência
Authors: Oliveira Bernardo
Published: January 2020

Esse artigo é uma réplica ao texto de Virgínia Figueiredo intitulado "O paradoxo sublime ou a alforria da arte".
Ilhas perdidas: algumas considerações sobre o capítulo “Entre o mar e o continente”, de Marco Antonio Casanova
Authors: Barros Fernando
Published: January 2020

O breve texto que se segue visa a comentar o capítulo “Entre o mar e o continente”, de Marco Antonio Casanova. Implicando passar em revista importantes pontos teóricos de sustentação – cujas referências vão de Nietzsche a Heidegger –, mas também movimentos artísticos contemporâneos de suma relevância – como, por exemplo, a “act painting” praticada por Pollock –, o texto que se nos ofereceu à leitura acumula desafios extremamente instigantes. Obrigando-nos a repensar os desempenhos de nosso sistema perceptivo, bem como a nossa relação com o passar do tempo, o problema que ele nos propõe deixa-se resumir numa pergunta lapidar, a saber: qual é a relação entre a arte abstrata e o modo contemporâneo de existência?
Schiller e a insuficiência constitutiva do ingênuo
Authors: Freitas Verlaine
Published: January 2020

Esse artigo é uma réplica ao texto de Giorgia Cecchinato intitulado "Sobre o interesse sentimental para o ingênuo em Schiller a partir de uma nota sobre Kant".
Theological Comments Mentioned in Jamiâ€™ al-Tirmidzi and Its Application in Achieving Acceptance and Understanding Within Muslim Community
Authors: Fouly Nabil
Published: January 2020

This is a study of the theological comments ofÂ Imam TirmidziÂ and those of which he mentioned in his book â€œal-Jamiâ€™ al-Kabirâ€.Â These comments provide us a picture of how the early generations ofÂ IslamÂ dealt with the issues related to Creed andÂ Aqeda,Furthermore the issue of scarcity of views and comments associated to the earlygenerations ofÂ IslamÂ in dealing the issues of Creed andÂ AqedaÂ is also dealt with in this study.Â Most of the comments ofÂ at-TirmidziÂ in the study are mentioned as exact quotations and then they are classified according to the topics they are related to, and after classification analysis of the content along with the methodology and inclination ofthe holder of the opinion regarding these issues ofÂ AqedaÂ is studied. The study shows that the issue which overwhelmed and kept the early generation of Islam occupied was the issue ofÂ amal(Actions) related to those issues of creed or in other words theywere more interested in the actions which has to exist as a result of thatÂ aqedahÂ hence those whose thoughts and emotions are attached to these early generations ofÂ IslamÂ have to follow them in their pursuit of actions more than any other thing. Moreover regarding the conception of anthropomorphistic attributes the study yields that the more accurate and sound opinion associated to the early generations in this regard in the opinion ofÂ Tafwedhi.e to depute the knowledge of its meaning to Godalone and that on extremely rare occasions they use to incline towards theirÂ taweeli.e metaphorical interpretation. And this last issue in particular must and should be discussed within scholarly circles only and the general public should refrain from indulging themselves in such technical issues.Â
The Role of Sufism in Spreading Islam and Fighting Atonement
Authors: Ali Isa Abdullah
Published: January 2020

This paper delivered the need for Islamic thought to confront the Takfiri thought, through the return of Sufi thought. Sufism does not have fatwa to kill others, SufismÂ talks about tolerance, the love of the Prophet, and the non-compulsion of others tojoin either Islam or the way the murid belongs to. Sufism represents the spiritual andÂ faithful state of Islam, the core of Islam.Â This paper find out the role of Sufism in the spread of Islam; in the past, and the contemporary in the fight against atonement. The aim of this paper is to describe the culture of Sufism, this paper studies the intellectual of Sufism, Sufim cultural, and politics as well. This paper studied about three main axis of Sufism; the culture and history of Sufism, the role of Sufism in spreading Islam, and the role of Sufism in addressing the Takfiri thought. Based on this study, the Islamic institution and government should adopt and adapt the Sufi thought, and to address the Takfiri culture, to prevent Muslim from joining the Takfiri groups
De-Constructing Violent Extremism: Lessons From Selected Muslim Countries
Authors: Aslam Mohd Mizan
Published: January 2020

This paper emphasized methods used in deradicalization programs such as holistic personality, self-reflection, social skills, crime behaviour, spirituality, consideration, security and psychology.Deradicalization has increasingly been subjected to scientific studies, but a universally accepted definition of the concept is yet to be developed and defined officially. Nevertheless, there are some definitions developed by the researchers to describe deradicalization. De-radicalization can be understood as the process of changing the attitudes and behaviours of former terrorists to reject violence as an ideological, religious or political goal that may cause harm to national security, affect political and economic instability or pose threats to human life. Many countries have taken significant steps to overcome terrrorism through deradicalization programs such as in Saudi (Al-Haâ€™ir), Yemen (Al-Hitar) and Malaysia(Pemulihan). Most of the program is based on re-education and rehabilitation. Re-education focuses on correcting political and religious misconceptions of the militants, while the strategy of rehabilitation is adopted to provide a thorough monitoring of the militants after their release. The module of De-radicalization was intended to help government rehabilitate detained militants and help to rebuild their personality.
Cultural Symbol dan Politik Identitas dalam Pembangunan Kota Sampit
Authors: Ma'rufah Thau'am
Published: January 2020

This study aims to trace the cultural symbols and identity politics that occur in the city of Sampit. This is based on several important things that happened in Sampit. Sampit is a heterogeneous and multicultural city and at the same time there were riots between the Dayak and Madura tribes around 2000, which resulted in the emptying and rejection of Madurese residents. At least in the past two decades, Sampit has turned into a city that displays an identity as a Muslim city with the emergence of urban icons built by local elite leaders. It is interesting to track what exactly is behind the elite officials in the city of Sampit in building these identity symbols and how political symbol culture plays a role in the development of the city of Sampit. The analytical tool used in this study is functional sociology where the emphasis of this study is on actors who provide change in society. The results of this study indicate that several valuesÂ obsess over Cultural Symbol actions in Sampit, including;Â First, religious values, one of which orientates the cultural symbol policy is that the Sampit community is moved to worship their Lord and minimize criminal acts that used to occur frequently, such as wild speeding, theft and obscene acts.Â Secondly, art values, symbols used such as the dome and calligraphy ofÂ Asmaul Husnaand calligraphy of Allah and Muhammad's writings are expressions of the architectural art valuesÂ possessed by the Sampit regent which used to beautify the city of Sampit.Â Third, Political Interest, every policy carried out by an elite certainly cannot be separated from political interests, the Sampit regent is no exception, which in this case is to perpetuate his power, bearing in mind that the regent is in power for two periods untill 2020
مفهوم دار الحرب في فقه الإسلامي
Authors: Ahmad Abdullah Abu Bakr
Published: January 2020

This research aims to give the reader a comprehensive view of the concept of Daral-Harbaccording tosharia Islamic Law. The first and foremost is to explain some of its terminologies, it defines the concept of Dar al-Harb (state of war) literally and technically. Then it combines the concept of the House of the Covenant and the raising of forms from the terms Dar al-Harb(state of war) and Dar al-Islam(Islamic state). It concludes by mentioning what the house becomes as the house of Islam and vice versa. The research concludedthat - The House of Islam does not turn in any case from the whole situation to the house of Kufr unless proven and verify that most of the inhabitants are infidels or apostates, and showed the provisions of the infidels and went from the country and all the features and rituals of the Islamic religion as occurred in Andalus.At the end,the conclusiondrawn from variant views of the scholarsand the main findings and recommendations have been given