bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women at Risk
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

This chapter moves on from the case study material for the four women presented in Chapter 8 and the quantitative findings relating to pregnancy ‘outcome’ discussed in Chapter 9 to attempt a synthesis of how all the women in the study regarded their participation in it. A critical focus of this part of the analysis is the notion of risk. The women who took part in the Social Support and Pregnancy Outcome study were not only exposed to the ‘risk’ of taking part in research, they had been identified as ‘at risk’ in the narrowly biological sense of having already given birth to at least one baby weighing less than 2500 g. In using a quantifiable measure of risk derived from the medical domain, the study thus participated in a particular conceptualization of women and motherhood — one which prioritizes a set of meanings attached to motherhood by people other than mothers themselves.
Models of Knowing and Understanding
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

Whereas Chapter 11 examined what the Social Support and Pregnancy Outcome (SSPO) project can be said to have achieved in the way of research ‘findings’, this chapter broadens the framework of discussion to questions about the status of knowledge and methodologies of inquiry. It attempts to locate the SSPO study within the paradigm of the cultural turning-point referred to earlier — as an instance in the reworking of approaches to knowledge which characterizes intellectual debate in the latter part of the twentieth century. One way to approach this broader task from the specifics of the SSPO study is to ask what kind of methodology it is that combines the approach of a randomized controlled trial with that of ‘qualitative’ interviews.
Social Administration in a Changing Society1
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter argues that the future of social administration depends, to some extent, on the future of the great experiments in social service which have been launched in Britain in recent years. To this uncertainty must be added, in the teaching of social administration, the awareness of intellectual uncertainty which attends on those concerned with the study of human relations, for only now are people beginning to grope their way towards some scientific understanding of society. Uncertainty, then, is part of the price that has to be paid for being interested in the many-sidedness of human needs and behaviour. The chapter also presents some generalizations about the nature of social change which, by their effect on the individual and the family, affect also the structure and roles of the social services.
Pension Systems and Population Change1
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter details certain aspects of social provision for old age and, in particular, some of the issues raised by the report of the Phillips Committee. This involves consideration of five other important state documents which, in one way or another, bear on the question of standards of living for old people. All these reports exhibit in common a deep concern about future population trends. The chapter shows that it is difficult to understand why the gradual emergence in Britain of a more balanced age structure should be regarded as a ‘problem of ageing’. It argues that the present alarm is unjustified; that the demographic changes which are under way and are foreseeable have been exaggerated, and that unless saner views prevail harm may be done to the public welfare.
The Position of Women
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter talks about the satisfaction of recalling some of the achievements of the Women's Suffrage Movement in Britain, especially in a period when the possibilities of social progress and the practicability of applied social science are being questioned. The development of the personal, legal, and political liberties of half the population of the country within the span of less than eighty years stands as one of the supreme examples of consciously directed social change. The chapter then draws together some of the vital statistics of birth, marriage, and death for the light they shed on the changes that have taken place in the social position of women. Then, it suggests that the accumulated effect of these changes now presents the makers of social policy with some new and fundamental problems.
The Hospital and Its Patients1
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses the significance of the hospital as a social institution. It is one of the most complex of social institutions — an institution which in recent years has grown immensely in its complexities, and to which scholars have added newer complications as a result of the development of the National Health Service. Now, in this situation, the chapter suggests three main dangers. The first danger is that increasing complexity in structure, functions, and administration can lead to increasing economic and social costs without a proportional rise in value rendered to the community. The second danger is that the ends or aims of hospital work may be obscured by excessive preoccupation with means. The third danger is represented by scientific and technological advance.
The Gift Relationship
Authors: Titmuss Richard
Published: May 2019

This book's author was a pioneer in the field of social administration (now social policy). In this reissued classic, listed by the New York Times as one of the 10 most important books of the year when it was first published in 1970, the author compares blood donation in the US and UK, contrasting the British system of reliance on voluntary donors to the American one in which the blood supply is in the hands of for-profit enterprises, concluding that a system based on altruism is both safer and more economically efficient. The argument about how altruism binds societies together has proved a powerful tool in the analysis of welfare provision. This analysis is even more topical now in an age of ever-changing health care policy and at a time when health and welfare systems are under sustained attack from many quarters.
The characteristics of blood donors in the United States
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on the characteristics of blood donors in the United States. Despite all the statistical inadequacies in the data presented, the trend appears to be markedly in the direction of the increasing commercialisation of blood and donor relationships. Concomitantly, proportionately more blood is being supplied by the poor, the unskilled, the unemployed, Negroes, and other low-income groups, and — with the rise of plasmapheresis — a new class is emerging of an exploited human population of high blood yielders. Redistribution in terms of ‘the gift of blood and blood products’ from the poor to the rich appears to be one of the dominant effects of the American blood-banking systems.
The characteristics of blood donors in England and Wales
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores the characteristics of blood donors in England and Wales, considering a study made in the summer and autumn of 1967 with the assistance of the Ministry of Health and the National Blood Transfusion Service. The study examines regional trends and statistics relating to donor populations and donor reporting rates for the general public, institutions — comprising factories, offices, and universities — and the Defence Services. The general conclusion which emerges is that the donor sample broadly resembles the population in respect of age, sex, and marital status when account is taken of the possible effects of the age-incapacity and reproductive factors. Moreover, for most age groups, the general public donor is more representative of the national population than the institutional donor or the total of all donors. The institutional and Defence Services donor tends on the whole to be younger.
Blood donors in the Soviet Union and other countries
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on blood donors in the Soviet Union and other countries. About half of all blood supplies in the Soviet Union are obtained from unpaid donors at factories, offices, colleges and palaces of culture, and other institutions. They are recruited by the Union of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Donors are allowed a day off work to give their donation and a free meal afterwards; they are also given an extra day's holiday which, if they choose, they may add to their annual vacation. Other reports suggest that in some places donors may be rewarded with free public transport for a month, higher priority for housing, and other ‘fringe benefits’. Meanwhile, the other half of all blood supplies comes from paid donors who attend blood-collecting stations. Although they get a day off work for donating, they are not given a free meal or other benefits.
Women in the Middle
Authors: Young Zoe
Published: May 2019

This chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to explore the limits and potential of flexible working arrangements through the lived experience of women in professional and managerial jobs who adjusted their employment because of their motherhood. They include part-time, job-sharing, location-flexible, flexi-time working lawyers, doctors, academics, accountants, civil servants, bankers and senior managers in marketing, human resources, communications, research and technology, and they are all mothers of at least one infant or toddler, school-age child or teenager. The chapter discusses evidence which shows that there is a life and career stage when women tend to get stuck or get out of the pipeline to the top jobs in large organisations, and it corresponds with motherhood. The women whose experiences inform the research explored in this book are at that stage. They are women in the middle.
Choosing Flexibility
Authors: Young Zoe
Published: May 2019

This chapter investigates professional women's choices about how much, where and when they work, and unpicks the complex and intersecting factors found to complicate and constrain their capacity for professional work in the context of their motherhood. The influences of dominant cultural ideologies of mothering are central to this discussion about why women work as is the relational frame within which women make decisions about how much and when they will work relative to the practical and temporal requirements of their children, their childcare providers, and in the context of their partners' work patterns and earning power. The chapter begins with the story of a woman named Anna, and then moves to discuss five intersecting economic, social, cultural and personal factors that are material to women's working hours and flexibility choices. Anna's story underscores the complexity and the myriad of influences surrounding the decision to adjust employment in early motherhood.
Changing The Prison Narrative: The PRA and News Media
Authors: Bedford Charlotte
Published: May 2019

This chapter asserts that the Prison Radio Association (PRA) experience illustrates the problematic relationship between mainstream media and prison practice. It uses the PRA position to examine the interplay between media and public opinion, and the resulting impact on criminal justice policy and practice. The issues are then explored more fully through the analysis of three contemporary newspaper stories which PRA founders identify as impacting on the organisation's early approach to managing outside media attention. The examples from the Guardian, the Daily Mail, and The Sun newspapers illustrate the codependent relationship between mass media coverage, populist politics, and perceived public opinion when it comes to the issue of crime and punishment.
Prison Suicide
Authors: Tomczak Philippa
Published: May 2019

Prison suicide is a global problem, but little is known about about investigatory processes occurring after prison suicides. This book addresses this gap, providing a case study of the investigations that follow prison suicides in England and Wales. Despite the large range of prison oversight institutions in England and Wales, prison suicides reached a record high in 2016, with the rate having doubled between 2012 and 2016. These deaths represent the sharp end of a continuum of suffering, self-harm, despair and distress within prisons, which affects prisoners, their families and prison staff. This book details and critiques the lengthy and expensive police, ombudsman and coroner investigations that follow prison suicides. Drawing on extensive document analysis, including over 100 Prison and Probation Ombudsman fatal incident investigations, and original semi-structured interviews with stakeholders undertaken between 2016-2017, this book provides a novel analysis of prison oversight. This book argues that post-suicide investigations create a significant burden for bereaved families and prison staff. The investigations are valuable, but can manufacture mystery around entirely manifest prison problems and obfuscate the role of deliberate political decisions in creating those problems.
Prison oversight
Authors: Tomczak Philippa
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores what post-suicide investigations achieve. Using the three elements of oversight mechanisms to guide analysis (directors, detectors and effectors), it demonstrates that prisons have no shortage of directors and detectors, but very limited effectors, both in relation to prison suicide and in general. It is difficult to establish the merit of post-death investigations because their failures are highlighted but their successes are not. The chapter demonstrates the value of post-suicide investigations, referencing the investigations which followed the deaths of Dean Saunders and Sarah Reed. The legimitising effects of prisons oversight mean that overseers have a responsibility to speak truth to politicians which (arguably) outweighs any constraints in their remits. Prison overseers in England and Wales are more than legitimising functions that shore up state activity, but that they could achieve significantly more by targeting the government succinctly, repeatedly and robustly. It is also for the rest of us to take up the argument that the situations in which Dean Saunders and Sarah Reed died were not aberrations, but foreseeable outcomes of marooning very sick people in prison. It is to be expected that internal prison administration will fail. This book provides example after example.
Global warming as ecocide
Authors: White Rob
Published: May 2019

This chapter defines and describes the concept of ecocide, which refers to the destruction of ecological systems and habitats. This includes the everyday activities that contribute to climate change and thus to ecocide on a larger and small scale. The chapter then introduces the notion of state–corporate nexus by examining how industries, supported and abetted by governments, contribute to global warming. Indeed, pro-capitalist ideologies and practices ensure continued economic growth at the expense of ecological limits. As such, effective responses to climate change need to address the deep-seated inequalities and trends within the treadmill of production that go to the heart of the ownership, control, and exploitation of resources. The crime of ecocide is rarely embedded, however, in state legislation. This is, in part, because the state is directly implicated in perpetuating activities that contribute to global warming.
In the heat of the moment
Authors: White Rob
Published: May 2019

This chapter presents a variety of explanations and typologies relating to the crime–climate relationship. It is clear that there are many specific causes for particular kinds of crime, and that it is the immediate variables, persons, and contexts that shape what occurs, why, where, and how. It is also apparent that temperature and climate changes do have an impact on human behaviour, and these are related to broader structural factors such as global warming. Moreover, government policy and market responses to climate change become important variables in the rise of new crimes and the movement of criminal networks and individuals into domains that hitherto did not exist. The carbon emissions credit market, for example, is precisely such a phenomenon. For Climate Change Criminology, it is imperative to keep developing sustained analyses of climate-related crimes.
Criminal justice responses to climate change
Authors: White Rob
Published: May 2019

This chapter addresses how criminal justice institutions are responding to climate change. This entails description of court cases intended to bolster the reduction of carbon emissions and the overall role of climate change litigation in the pursuit of climate justice. The chapter argues that an action plan against climate change must include activities and responses that involve the law and legal change, environmental law enforcement activities, courts and adjudication processes, and direct social action. Ultimately, however, this will also require action in and around the exercise of state power as well — since the carbon vandal more often than not acts with direct and indirect state support, through government policy decisions and via laws and courts that are skewed in pro-business directions. The place and role of the criminologist in pursuit of climate justice, therefore, can never be politically neutral.
Positive motivation to harm
Authors: Lloyd Anthony
Published: May 2019

This chapter offers evidence to suggest that harm is not something done to precarious workers by social forces and structural deficit but also something inflicted upon each other. The culture of targets and competitive individualism creates the conditions for conflict between managers, co-workers and customers, all of whom seek some degree of status, recognition or security from the infliction of harm on others. Evidence shows managers targeting employees, the emergence of cliques, often management led, which inflict harm on those outside the group, customers willing to belittle, infantilise and abuse employees, and co-workers seeking competitive advantage at the expense of others. This positive motivation to harm reflects the absence of an ethical responsibility for the other and, in some cases, represents the emergence of a subjectivity imbued with the ‘special liberty’ to act as one pleases in order to maximise market share and opportunities within a culture of competition and individual advantage.
The violence of ideology
Authors: Lloyd Anthony
Published: May 2019

This chapter asks a simple question – if we know the problematic nature of capitalism and its attendant harms and inequalities, why can’t we fix it? The answer lies in an account of ideology which lies in action, not thought – we know there are problems but act as if we do not. The disavowal of problematic working conditions – and other significant issues such as environmental harm, migration and automation – makes it difficult to challenge the status quo and enact meaningful change. The search for human recognition and flourishing is hampered by the progressive search for change within the existing system rather than contemplating a different set of social relations and structures. The chapter concludes with some suggestions for ‘fixing the harms of work’ which centre around the need for social science to reconnect with analysis of political economy and problematise capitalism in a way that demands consideration of alternatives.
Exploring the Perspectives of Parents and Siblings Toward Future Planning for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Lee Chung eun , Burke Meghan M. , Stelter Claire R.
Published: May 2019

Parents often provide the bulk of caregiving supports for their adult offspring with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Given the longer lives of people with IDD, however, such caregiving roles may transition to siblings. Thus, it is critical to conduct future planning among family members (e.g., parents, siblings) to prepare for the transition of caregiving roles. To this end, we interviewed 10 parent-sibling dyads (N = 20) of people with IDD about long-term planning. Both parents and siblings reported family-related and systemic barriers to developing future plans. Siblings (unlike parents) reported wanting more communication among family members about planning. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Writing horror in the eighties: An interview with Lisa Tuttle
Authors: Hantke Steffen
Published: May 2019

In this interview, horror fiction writer Lisa Tuttle traces the progress of her career as a professional writer in various forms of the fantastic, especially as a writer of horror fiction, over four decades. Speaking as a professional writer and insider of commercial publishing, Tuttle offers her views on the changing definitions of horror as a genre category, as a response to changing historical conditions, and as a form of creative expression. Tracing the earliest stages of her career back to the boom in horror fiction during the 1970s and 1980s, she reflects on the causes of this boom, the upsides and downsides of horror’s unprecedented primacy in popular fiction, and the eventual decline of horror as a viable commercial property by the beginning of the 1990s.
Las primeras damas como miembros de la élite política
Authors: Guerrero Valencia Carolina , Arana Araya Ignacio
Published: May 2019

Las primeras damas están crecientemente adquiriendo capital político, influyendo en gobiernos y lanzándose como candidatas. Sin embargo, la literatura especializada no ha documentado esta tendencia. En este artículo, argumentamos que el involucramiento de este grupo de mujeres en el Poder Ejecutivo amerita que sean consideradas como parte de la élite política. Para tener un mejor entendimiento de la influencia política de las primeras damas, proponemos una tipología que genera cuatro categorías en las que luego clasificamos a las 88 mujeres que estuvieron en el puesto entre 1990 y 2016.
Governance In Clusters: An Analysis From the Perspective of System Dynamics
Authors: Salume Paula karina , Guimaraes Liliane Oliveira , Rantisi Norma M.
Published: May 2019

Objective: The present study analyzes how the relation between the contextual, structural and instrumental dimensions of governance influence the evolution of productive agglomerations in the segment of gems and jewel. Method: Qualitative-descriptive research was, therefore, undertaken, applying the multiple case study method on two clusters. Originality/Relevance: The research fills the gap found in the research on clustering and systems dynamics and with the prospect of obtaining more reliable results on the evolution of the cluster's trajectory. Regarding the systemic view of agglomerations, especially around the topic of governance, there seems to be space for a research that involves multiple variables.Results: In both cases, the existence of natural resources was fundamental for the flow of incentives from the public authorities and the support institutions, and for the definition of scope and cooperation, which resulted in positive results for the participants. Over time, it was seen that the perception of limited collective benefits on the part of the players and the weak coordination resulted in the formation of subgroups, with specific interests. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study employs a system dynamics approach, that highlights a non-linear relation between elements of a system, since this approach has had limited application in existing studies on the governance dynamics of productive agglomerations. The empirical results confirm the influence of the dimensions of governance on the evolution of the agglomerations, demonstrated by the relationships between the elements that compose them, which can inform the construction of scenarios for designing and anticipating future trajectories of productive agglomerations.
Concessão de Crédito e Receita Financeira: Uma Ferramenta de Análise Econômico-Gerencial
Authors: De Amorim Gabriel
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Propor um modelo que analisa diversas variáveis consideradas pertinentes para a decisão, como tempo de recebimento, índice de inadimplência sobre vendas a prazo, inflação e/ou custo de capital total da empresa. Contexto/Realidade Investigada: Empresas de pequeno porte criadas a partir da necessidade de seus empreendedores, que se dedicam à gestão, muitas vezes, sem um projeto adequado à realidade do mercado no qual estão inseridos. Normalmente, para aumento no volume de vendas, essas empresas adotam vendas a crédito, sem o uso de intermediador. Diagnóstico/Situação-problema/Oportunidade: A imersão nesse cenário fez com que fosse necessária uma ferramenta para balizar a decisão de concessão ou não da carteira de créditos para empresas de gestão especializadas, cuja expertise permitisse assumir o gerenciamento dos clientes, concentrando os pequenos negócios a desenvolverem-se no seu core business, sem terem de se dedicarem a também analisarem a política de gestão de crédito. O modelo proposto analisa diversas variáveis consideradas pertinentes para a decisão, como tempo de recebimento, índice de inadimplência sobre vendas a prazo, inflação e/ou custo de capital total da empresa. Resultado: O resultado disso é inadimplência e dificuldade de honrar os compromissos assumidos cujo valor tem como decorrência que valores abaixo de 1, calculados, indicam melhores resultados líquidos (financeiros) com a manutenção da gestão própria. Já valores superiores a 1 indicam o melhor desempenho econômico-financeiro dos negócios com a concessão da gestão do capital para empresas especializadas. O modelo foi testado em simulações de fluxo de caixas e mostrou-se coerente em todas elas. Ademais, também é aplicável a quaisquer ramos de negócios.
Autoria nos Artigos Científicos: Por que a Ordem Importa aos Pesquisadores
Authors: Nassif Vânia Maria Jorge
Published: May 2019

O exercício no papel de editora chefe da REGEPE tem trazido experiências e aprendizagens inusitadas.  Ora por saber que há dificuldade da parte dos autores em acatarem a política editorial da revista, de aceitarem uma rejeição sem perder a esperança de que o artigo sempre pode ser melhorado, ora pela responsabilidade ao arbitrar o resultado de uma submissão.Do outro lado, encontramos desafios no contato com os avaliadores, pessoas fundamentais no processo de editoração e guardiões da qualidade técnica-científica de nossa publicação. Essa atividade oculta, missionária e voluntária, embora tenha uma relevância incalculável, tem se tornado mais difícil a cada dia, não pela indisponibilidade ou comodismo, mas pela sobrecarga que todos nós, professores e pesquisadores vivenciamos no cotidiano de nossas atividades profissionais.É inquestionável a pressão por publicação em periódicos de alto impacto a qual somos desafiados, em decorrência das avaliações dos programas e da demonstração da capacidade cientifica dos pesquisadores, que pode colocar em risco a empregabilidade...
Correlations and path analysis in soybean progenies with resistance source to cyst nematode (race 3)
Authors: Dvorjak Daniela Sarti , Unêda-Trevisoli Sandra Helena , Leite Wallace De Sousa , Silva Alysson Jalles da , Silva Fabiana Mota da , Mauro Antonio Orlando Di
Published: May 2019

Path analysis is an important study that slices the correlation coefficients between two variables to evaluate whether the relationship between them is of cause and effect. This study aimed to estimate the phenotypic and genotypic correlations between agronomic traits and perform a path analysis in order to identify variables for indirect selection aiming at a higher grain yield. Fourteen soybean F6 lines from the soybean breeding program of FCAV–UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The agronomic traits plant height at maturity (PHM), first pod height (FPH), lodging (Ld), agronomic value (AV), number of pods per plant (NP), number of seeds per plant (NS), and grain yield (GY) were evaluated. Overall, the genotypic correlations were higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlations. The genotypic correlations between grain yield and the traits agronomic value, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per plant were positive, significant, and of high magnitude. Path analysis showed that the trait number of seeds per plant had the highest direct effect on grain yield, while the trait number of pods per plant had the highest indirect effect through the number of seeds per plant on grain yield
Chemical-bromatological characteristics of forage sorghum varieties irrigated with saline effluents from fish farming
Authors: Simões Welson Lima , Guimarães Miguel Julio Machado , Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal de , Perazzo Alexandre Fernandes , Prates Leticia Dos Santos Belfort
Published: May 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical and bromatological characteristics of forage sorghum varieties subjected to different leaching fractions of saline effluents from fish farming in the Semiarid region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 3×4 factorial arrangement with four replications, consisting of three forage sorghum varieties (Volumax, F305, and Sudão) and four leaching fractions (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of saline (electrical conductivity of 2.5 dS m-1) effluent from fish farming. The organic matter, dry matter, mineral matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose contents of the plants were evaluated. The crude protein contents of the plant components, and mineral matter content of leaves and panicles increased, and the NDF of leaves decreased in treatments with the highest leaching fractions. The F305 variety presented better chemical-bromatological characteristics compared to the other sorghum varieties evaluated.
Morphological characterization of vaginal epithelial cells of santa inês ewes subjected to estrus synchronization
Authors: Ribeiro Camila Vasconcelos , Neves Tábatta Arrivabene , Fagundes Glaucia Brandão , Do Nascimento Dayana Maria , Da Silva Cleidson Manoel Gomes , Arrivabene Mônica , Dias Francisca Elda Ferreira , Cavalcante Tânia Vasconcelos
Published: May 2019

Vaginal cytology analysis has been used to evaluate the different stages of estrous cycle of several species; it presents a direct correlation with the animal’s hormonal state and provides essential information about the female reproductive tract conditions. Two staining methods were tested to evaluate the vaginal epithelial cell morphology of nulliparous and multiparous ewes during the estrus period. An intravaginal device impregnated with medroxyprogesterone acetate was kept into 10 nulliparous and 10 multiparous ewes for 14 days for estrus synchronization. Then, the progesterone device was withdrawn, and 300 IU of eCG was administered intramuscularly. Vaginal smears were prepared for posterior staining with Panotico or Giemsa stains when estrus was detected. The cells were classified into nucleated superficial, anucleate superficial, intermediate, parabasal, and basal. The Panotico and Giemsa staining of the different cell types studied were satisfactory. A predominance of intermediate epithelial cells (p<0.05) was found after staining. No difference in percentages of the different types of vaginal epithelial cells between nulliparous and multiparous ewes were found. Therefore, both staining methods were efficient, and a predominance of intermediate cells is found in nulliparous and multiparous ewes during the estrus period.
Seed priming with sodium nitroprusside attenuates the effects of water deficit on soybean seedlings
Authors: Gavassi Marina Alves , Gaion Lucas Aparecido , Monteiro Carolina Cristina , Santos Joel Cabral , Carvalho Rogério Falleiros
Published: May 2019

Considering that water deficit is one of the main environmental factors responsible for low soybean yield and that nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a fundamental part of plant defense signaling during stress, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of seed priming with nitric oxide on the induction of water deficit tolerance during the initial development of soybean. Thus, seeds were treated with 0 (water only), 50, 100 or 250 μmol.L-1 sodium nitroprusside for 6 hours. Additionally, untreated seeds were used. After drying, the seeds were placed in containers filled with a commercial substrate mixture and vermiculite and irrigated to 100% and 50% field capacity. Biometric and biochemical evaluations (pigment and proline contents) were performed after 14 days. It was concluded that pretreatment of soybean seeds with 50 to 250 μmol.L-1 SNP attenuated the effects of water deficit on stem growth, leaf area, and shoot dry matter and induced carotenoid biosynthesis. The accumulation of proline in the leaves was pronounced in the treatments with 100 and 250 μmol.L-1 SNP, while 100 μmol.L-1 SNP induced proline accumulation in the roots.
Neem relative growth under supplementary irrigation with saline waters and biofertilizer
Authors: Mesquita Francisco de Oliveira , Cavalcante Lourival Ferreira , Oliveira Filho Francisco Xavier de , Rodrigues Rummenigge de Macêdo , Campos Vinícius Batista , Souza Jânio Kleiber Camelo de
Published: May 2019

An experiment was performed, during the period from January to July, 2016, in a screened environment of the Department of Soils and Rural Engineering of the Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia, Paraiba, Brazil, with the purpose of evaluating the effects of supplementary irrigation with saline waters over the relative growth of Indian neem seedlings, in soil with bovine biofertilizer. The substrate used was a dystrophic Yellow-Red Latosol. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications, in a 5x2x3 factorial scheme, referring to the water salinity levels of 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, in soils without and with bovine biofertilizer, and in three evaluation periods: at 90, 120 and 180 days after emergence of the seedlings, in order to evaluate the relative growth rate of the studied morphological parameters, evaluated by the relation of the periods from 90 to 120 and 120 to 180 DAE of the plants in height, stem diameter, root dry matter, dry matter of the aerial part and total (root + aerial part) dry matter. The growth of the neem seedlings was compromised by the degenerative action of the salts of the irrigation water, but with lower severity in those plants of the treatments with the bovine biofertilizer.
Reactive natural phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers in Marandu grass fertilization
Authors: Cabral Carlos Eduardo Avelino , Cabral Luciano Da Silva , Bonfim-Silva Edna Maria , Carvalho Kassio Dos Santos , Abreu Joadil Gonçalves de , Cabral Carla Heloisa Avelino
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to identify a nitrogen fertilizer in order to allow the use of reactive natural phosphate (phosphate rock) in the fertilization of Marandu grass (palisade grass cv. Marandu) in a sandy clayey Oxisol with low phosphorus content. The experiment was performed in a plant nursery at the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), in a completely randomized experimental design, in a split-plot scheme, with eight replications. The plots consisted of six fertilization treatments of the Marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu), divided into four treatments applied after liming and two treatments without liming. Treatments in the presence of liming were: single superphosphate and urea, single superphosphate and ammonium sulfate, urea and reactive natural phosphate, reactive natural phosphate and ammonium sulfate. Treatments without liming were: reactive natural phosphate and urea, reactive natural phosphate and ammonium sulfate. For this experiment, three growth times were evaluated. Ammonium sulfate allows the use of reactive natural phosphate in the fertilization of the Marandu grass even after liming, whilst urea does not provide sufficient acidity.
Dormancy breaking in seeds of different accessions of Luffa cylindrica Roemer
Authors: Oliveira Francisca Sonally , Silveira Lindomar Maria da , Torres Salvador Barros , Costa Ferdinando Monteiro Carvalho Dias da , Nunes Maclayver Christiano Caetano , Silva Neto José Sisenando de Senna e
Published: May 2019

Luffa cylindrica Roemer is abundant in countries of Asia, Central America and South America. Dormancy in luffa seeds is caused by the impermeability of the coat, which may be a major obstacle in the commercial production of seedlings for the cultivation of this species. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate different methods to break dormancy in different accessions of luffa. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 6 (accessions) x 5 (dormancy breaking treatments) factorial arrangement, with four replicates. Seeds were planted on expanded polystyrene trays, containing commercial substrate Plantmax®. The analyzed variables were: emergence percentage; emergence speed index; number of true leaves; plant height; stem diameter; root length; shoot fresh and dry matter, and root dry matter. The first two variables were analyzed in the entire experimental plot and the others only in the evaluated area of the plot. Scarification with sandpaper nº 80 and cut with pruning pliers on the opposite end to the hilum were the methods of dormancy breaking which led to the best results. Due to the variability of the results among the accessions, it was not possible to recommend one method of dormancy breaking for luffa seeds that is generalized for all of them.
Health parameters and antioxidant response in Black Sea whiting Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1840) parasitized by nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rud., 1802)
Authors: Skuratovskaya Ekaterina , Skuratovskaya Ekaterina , Zav'yalov Andrey , Rudneva Irina
Published: May 2019

Biometrical and biochemical parameters in healthy and parasitized by nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum Black Sea whiting Merlangius merlangus euxinus were studied. The increase of hepatosomatic index and decrease of spleen index in infected fish were found, while condition factor was similar in both groups. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)) were higher in red blood cells in the parasitized fish as compared with the healthy animals. In the liver, the antioxidant response was not uniform: activities of SOD and GST decreased and activities of PER, GR and CAT increased in the infected individuals. The obtained results reflect host defense against oxidative stress caused parasitic infection. The tissue specific fluctuations of antioxidant response in parasitized and healthy fish are discussed. Data in this study can be used for understanding the defense mechanisms of fish against parasites.
Potential predation and fecundity of Amblyseius aerialis fed two-spotted spider mite
Authors: Maciel Anilde Da Graça Sousa , Trindade Roseane Cristina Predes , Silva Edmilson Santos , Dos Santos Márcia Daniela
Published: May 2019

The mites of the Phytoseiidae family stand out for the biological control of pest mites. The species Amblyseius aerialis (Muma, 1955) is a generalist mite, which can contribute to the natural regulation of pest mites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for predation and fecundity of A. aerialis on the different phases of Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae). A female of A. aerialis was confined on dish (3.0 cm in diameter) of jack bean leaves, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. The discs were left in petri dish with water. Each T. urticae phase was offered individually to A. aerialis at densities: 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mites / arena. The number of prey consumed and eggs laid by A. aerialis were evaluated every 24 hours for seven days, with removal of laid eggs by phytoseiid and dead prey and replacement of prey in the initial amount. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test, applying the factorial (4x6). It was observed that with the increase of the density of T. urticae offered there was an increase in the predation of A. aerialis. When offered the nymph and adult the average number of eggs per day was higher, differing from egg and larva. Thus, A. aerialis can be a biological control agent of the T. urticae, reducing the population of the pest and maintaining its fecundity in all phases and densities offered.
Intercropping of castor bean and sugarcane under irrigation: part 2: yield and agronomic indices
Authors: Alexandria Júnior Francisco Figueiredo de , Alves Everton JohnCamelo , Da Silva Silvanete Severino , Dantas Neto José , Azevedo Carlos Alberto Vieira de
Published: May 2019

Intercropping can be an alternative to maximize yields of castor bean and sugarcane. This work aimed to investigate the yields and agronomic indices of castor bean and sugarcane in intercropping system. The experiment was carried out in the field, at the Ponta da Serra Farm, in the municipality of Queimadas-PB, Brazil. Treatments resulted from a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, with twelve replicates. The irrigation depths (drip system) tested were: 50, 75, 100 and 125% crop evapotranspiration, and the spacings used for castor bean were: (1 x 0.5 m), (1 x 1 m), (1 x 1.5 m) and (1 x 2 m), that is, 20,000, 10,000, 6,666 and 5,000 plants per hectare, respectively, with total area of 2,880 m², each one with twelve plots of castor bean spacing. The following variables were evaluated: land equivalent ratio and relative crowding coefficient. For all irrigation depths tested, sugarcane yield increased linearly with the increment in castor bean spacing. The highest value of land equivalent ratio was found at 1 x 0.5 m spacing, and the lowest values of relative crowding coefficient for sugarcane occurred at 1x 0.5 m spacing for all irrigation depths.
Comparison of methods for selection of castor beans lineages
Authors: Sartori Maria Márcia Pereira , Silva Jackson da , Zanotto Mauricio Dutra
Published: May 2019

The choice of the most appropriate method is determined by the precision desired by the researcher, by the ease of the analysis, as well as by the way of obtaining the data. In order to select lineages of low size and high productivity this study aimed to evaluate different methods of cluster analysis in the representation of genetic divergence, compared to univariate methods. The analyzed variables were grain yield, plant size and oil yield of 24 lineages of castor beans cultivated in the years 2014 and 2015. The Single and Average methods presented similar results in the formation of groups and different from the Complete. Evaluating the purpose of this research the Complete method and principal components analysis, together with the discriminant analysis, were considered the most appropriate methods to evaluate the genetic divergence of the castor bean crop. Lineages 18, 19 and 20 showed average grain yields above 1555 kg.ha-1, high oil content (above 46.9%), and low size plants (below 116 cm).
MODAL SOSIAL DALAM MENUMBUHKAN DAN MENDIFUSIKAN INOVASI PERTANIAN HORTIKULTURA SEBAGAI BASIS PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI LOKAL STUDI KASUS: KABUPATEN BANDUNG DAN BANDUNG BARAT
Authors: Tjokropandojo Dewi Sawitri , Aqmarini Ainna , Fiisabiilillah Dika Fajri
Published: May 2019

Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi pengaruh modal sosial dalam menumbuhkan dan mendifusikan inovasi pertanian hortikultura sebagai basis pengembangan ekonomi lokal. Pendekatan studi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif, yang didukung oleh teknik analisis pencocokan pola hubungan teoritis dan pola hubungan empiris. Temuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial petani pada kegiatan ekonomi yang relatif lebih tinggi dibanding pada kegiatan sosial dapat menumbuhkan inovasi secara mandiri, lebih meluas dan perkembangannya lebih maju. Modal sosial petani yang relatif tinggi pada kegiatan ekonomi pun dapat mempermudah dan mempercepat proses difusi inovasi serta pendifusiannya berkembang lebih luas, tidak terbatas pada kelompok atau petani tertentu saja. Sementara itu, modal sosial masyarakat petani pada kegiatan sosial yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada kegiatan ekonomi tidak menunjukkan adanya dorongan dalam menumbuhkan inovasi secara mandiri dan perkembangan inovasi. Karakteristik modal sosial tersebut juga tidak mempermudah  pendifusian inovasi dan proses difusi  hanya terjadi pada kelompok petani yang terbatas. Kesimpulannya adalah keberadaan Modal Sosial Petani yang tinggi pada kegiatan ekonomi merupakan kunci Keberlanjutan Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal Berbasis Pertanian, melalui Pertumbuhan dan Difusi Inovasi Pertanian.
KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERMUKIMAN KAWASAN INDUSTRI DI KECAMATAN GENUK KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Ayuningtyas Septi , Pigawati Bitta
Published: May 2019

The increase in the number and activity of the population implies increasing the area woke up, especially for the neighborhood. There are a variety of different settlement environment character in the suburban area of Semarang. The existence of settlements in district Genuk which is in the industry and affected rob feared decline of environmental quality neighborhoods. There are still many residents living in the northern part of Kecamatan Genuk flooded rob and decline the face of the land. The condition can have implications for environmental degradation in neighborhoods in district Genuk.Research on environmental quality neighborhoods in district Genuk aims to analyze the changes in environmental quality neighborhoods, using a spatial approach to the method of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). Analytical techniques weighted overlay using the variable density of settlements, the layout of the buildings, the condition of the wide driveway, driveway, tree protectors, the location of settlements and the quality of the roof of the building refers to the assessment of the Department of public works. Results show that for 10 years of environmental degradation has occurred in district neighborhoods Genuk, namely in Sembungharjo Village and Genuksari Village. This occurs due to the increased density of settlements and the decline of the tree protectors.
PREFERENSI LOKASI INDUSTRI BERBASIS POTENSI LOKAL DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Tsani Muhammad Abdullah , Nugroho Prihadi
Published: May 2019

Locations for industrial development in Indonesia often determined by spatial allocation policies than the needs of industrial players. This creates a gap between the industrial spatial allocation stated in regulation and location needs of industrial actors. That indicated by the rejection of offerings location by industrial actors. The industry is a business activity and its location chosen in the most favourable place and influenced by the location factors. However, industrial location decisions not only emphasizes to the preferences of the perpetrators but also influenced by strategies and policies within the larger organizational environment of central and local governments. A quantitative approach used in this study to assess the location preferences of local-based industries (IBPL) in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The objective is to evaluate the local spatial regulation of industrial allocation zones so that the gap can be reduced. The study findings revealed that IBPL site preferences related to the local content of industrial characteristics and industrial scales. Medium and large IBPLs indicated to clustered; their location preferences tend to close to the supplier industries and located in the main of roads. The spatial distribution of small-scales IBPL sites show the symptoms of spontaneous location. It influenced by factor of local potential accessibility of labor. There are ten location factors affecting IBPL site selection and lean to show the dependence element of traditional industry characteristics. The most influential location factors are accessibility to the local potencies and accessibility to the business networks.