bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge mapping of extracellular vesicles in wound healing: A bibliometric analysis (2002‐2022)
Authors: Niu Shao‐hui , Li Bei , Gu Han‐cheng , Huang Qiang , Cheng Ya‐qing , Wang Chang , Cao Gang , Yang Qiaoli , Zhang Dong‐ping , Cao Jian‐chun
Published: May 2023

Extracellular vesicles in wound healing have become an active research field with substantial value and potential. Nevertheless, there are few bibliometric studies in this field. We aimed to visualise the research hot spots and trends of extracellular vesicles in wound healing using a bibliometric analysis to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research. The articles and reviews regarding extracellular vesicles in the wound healing were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewers, CiteSpace and R package “bibliometric” were used to conduct this bibliometric analysis. A total of 1225 articles from 56 countries led by China and the United States were included. The number of publications related to extracellular vesicles increased year by year. Shanghai Jiaotong University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Sun Yat‐sen University and Central South University are the main research institutions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is the most popular journal in this field, while Stem Cell Research & Therapy is the most frequently cited journal. These papers come from 7546 authors, among which Zhang Wei has published the most papers and Zhang Bin has the most cocited papers. The research on the treatment strategy of extracellular vesicles in the process of wound healing is the main topic in this field. “exosomes”, “miRNA”, “angiogenesis”, “regenerative medicine”, “inflammation” and “diabetic wound” are the main key words of emerging research hotspots. This is the first bibliometric study, which comprehensively summarises the research trend and development of extracellular vesicles and exocrine bodies in wound healing. These informations determine the latest research frontiers and hot directions, and provide reference for the study of extracellular vesicles and exosomes.
Persona Design: Representativeness and Empathy through Cultural Integration
Authors: Dreamson Neal , Rhee Joohwan , Han Jungseok , Lee Minjoo , Ro Yunjoo
Published: May 2023

Persona design aims to increase students’ ability to understand their target users and address their needs. Yet, there is a lack of conceptual frameworks that help students systematically conceptualise user needs, specifically the two key requirements of persona design: representativeness and empathy. In this study, we find an alternative method using cultural dimensions to ensure that students conceptualise personas by reflecting representativeness and empathy in a systematic way. We justify cultural dimensions and engagement aspects and suggest a classified table for representative and empathetic persona design. In a design course, we analyse personas created by students in two different groups with the table (Group 1, n = 16) and without the table (Group 2, n = 17) through comparative thematic analysis to evaluate the qualities of representativeness and empathy. As a result, the cognitive aspect of engagement is predominated in Group 2, whereas the cognitive, emotional, behavioural, and social aspects of engagement are evenly distributed in Group 1. 11 cultural dimensions are identified in Group 2, whereas 20 cultural dimensions are identified in Group 1. In Group 2, a particular dimension is predominant (44.4% of individualism), whereas, in Group 1, the rate of the most used dimension is 12.2% (femininity and collectivism). The study results indicate that the method allows students to diversify and deepen their understanding of user needs and thereby conceptualising personas in in‐depth and analytical ways. From instructional perspectives, it can be used by educators to help students systematically conceptualise user needs in design activities.
Dietary sodium/potassium intake and cognitive impairment in older patients with hypertension: Data from NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Kou Chengkun , Zhao Xu , Fan Xin , Lin Xin , Wang Qiongying , Yu Jing
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary sodium/potassium intake and cognition in elderly individuals with hypertension. We designed a cross‐sectional study based on the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. A multivariable‐logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between sodium/potassium intake and cognitive impairment. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) based on regression analysis to assess the nonlinear dose‐response relationship between dietary sodium intake and cognitive performance. Out of the 2276 participants included in this study, 1670 patients had hypertension. Compared with the lowest quartile of dietary sodium intake, the lowest weighted odds ratio of cognitive impairment in DSST was observed in Q4 (OR = 0.45, 0.29–0.70), and a similar trend was observed in AFT (OR = 0.34, 0.18–0.65). After adjusting the covariates, the lowest weighted multivariable‐adjusted OR of cognitive impairment in DSST were also observed in Q4 (OR = 0.47, 0.26‐0.84) compared with the lowest quartile of dietary sodium intake. The RCS results showed that dietary sodium intake was U‐shaped and associated with the risk of cognitive impairment in the DSST (Pnon–linearity = 0.0067). In addition, no significant association was observed between dietary potassium intake and different dimensions of cognitive performance. In conclusion, excessively high and low low dietary sodium were associated with impairment of specific processing speed, sustained attention, and working memory for elderly patients with hypertension in the United States. However, no association was observed between dietary potassium intake and cognition.
Evaluating a treatment selection approach for online single‐session interventions for adolescent depression
Authors: Ahuvia Isaac L. , Mullarkey Michael C. , Sung Jenna Y. , Fox Kathryn R. , Schleider Jessica L.
Published: May 2023

Background

The question ‘what works for whom’ is essential to mental health research, as matching individuals to the treatment best suited to their needs has the potential to maximize the effectiveness of existing approaches. Digitally administered single‐session interventions (SSIs) are effective means of reducing depressive symptoms in adolescence, with potential for rapid, large‐scale implementation. However, little is known about which SSIs work best for different adolescents.

Objective

We created and tested a treatment selection algorithm for use with two SSIs targeting depression in high‐symptom adolescents from across the United States.

Methods

Using data from a large‐scale RCT comparing two evidence‐based SSIs (N = 996; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04634903), we utilized a Personalized Advantage Index approach to create and evaluate a treatment‐matching algorithm for these interventions. The two interventions were Project Personality (PP; N = 482), an intervention teaching that traits and symptoms are malleable (a ‘growth mindset’), and the Action Brings Change Project (ABC; N = 514), a behavioral activation intervention.

Results

Results indicated no significant difference in 3‐month depression outcomes between participants assigned to their matched intervention and those assigned to their nonmatched intervention. The relationship between predicted response to intervention (RTI) and observed RTI was weak for both interventions (r = .39 for PP, r = .24 for ABC). Moreover, the correlation between a participants' predicted RTI for PP and their predicted RTI for ABC was very high (r = .79).

Conclusions

The utility of treatment selection approaches for SSIs targeting adolescent depression appears limited. Results suggest that both (a) predicting RTI for SSIs is relatively challenging, and (b) the factors that predict RTI for SSIs are similar regardless of the content of the intervention. Given their overall effectiveness and their low‐intensity, low‐cost nature, increasing youths' access to both digital SSIs may carry more public health utility than additional treatment‐matching efforts.
Depression, a major comorbidity of psoriatic disease, is caused by metabolic inflammation
Authors: Mrowietz U. , Sümbül M. , Gerdes S.
Published: May 2023

Psoriatic disease is a chronic, systemic immune‐mediated inflammatory disorder comprising three major domains, skin, vascular and bone/joint inflammation. It is known for a long time that psoriatic disease is associated with a number of conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes (metabolic syndrome) and depression. Up to one out of five people with psoriasis show concomitant depression. In the past, this was attributed to psychological stress of suffering from a chronic condition that is often visible and itchy, leading to stigmatization and adding to a significant burden of disease. Recent data provide evidence that depression associated with psoriatic disease is linked to the specific inflammatory pattern with IL‐23, IL‐17 family cytokines, TNF, IL‐6 and IL‐8 causing neuroinflammation and subsequently depression or depressive behaviour and/or anxiety. Psoriatic disease shows a distinct pattern of immune cells (e.g. dendritic cells, Th17 cells, neutrophils), mediators (e.g. IL‐17A/F, IL‐23, TNF) and tissue‐related factors in all major domains that is different from other inflammatory dermatoses. There is a striking similarity between the inflammatory pattern in psoriatic disease and neuroinflammation that leads to depression. A number of risk factors have been identified in psoriatic disease, the most important of which are obesity and tobacco smoking. Obesity is known as a major risk factor for depression and anxiety due to its inflammatory signature. Apart from psychotherapy and anti‐depressive medication, targeted treatments for psoriasis, including TNF, IL‐17 and IL‐23 inhibitors, can improve depression/depressive symptoms. The review summarizes the current knowledge about depression as a comorbidity in psoriatic disease.
Developing diagnostic criteria for tooth wear, a preliminary beta version based on expert opinion, and a narrative literature review
Authors: Wetselaar Peter , Lobbezoo Frank , de Vries Ralph , Mehta Shamir B. , Opdam Niek J. M. , Loomans Bas A. C.
Published: May 2023

Background

Tooth wear is a multifactorial condition, leading to the irreversible loss of dental hard tissues. The availability of an unambiguous, universally applicable assessment protocol remains lacking.

Objectives

The goal of the authors is to develop a set of diagnostic criteria for the assessment of tooth wear (DC‐TW). A two‐step approach will be used to achieve this objective: (1) to develop a preliminary beta version of the DC‐TW, based on the authors' clinical experience and their shared expertise and supported by a narrative review of the existing literature, and (2) to develop the final DC‐TW, with input from a larger group of experts using an international Delphi process. This paper relates to the first step.

Methods

The authors outlined the components that should be incorporated into the DC‐TW. The literature search was performed to investigate if their concept was in line with the available literature. The search was conducted to identify eligible publications from inception to July 11, 2022. Two authors independently screened all publications, and differences in judgements were resolved through a consensus procedure.

Results

The search yielded 5362 publications, resulting in the final inclusion of 383. These publications were divided into four main topics: (1) nomenclature/taxonomies; (2) self‐report tools; (3) clinical assessment tools; and (4) clinical decision‐making.

Conclusions

The information from the publications was used and fused with the clinical experience and shared expertise of the authors to contribute to the development of a preliminary beta version of the DC‐TW.
Effect of non‐rigid connector on the stress distribution of tooth‐implant supported fixed prostheses using different implant length and diameter: A comparative 3D finite element study
Authors: Naguib Ghada H. , Hashem Abou Bakr Hossam , Abougazia Ahmed , Mously Hisham A. , Qutub Osama A. , Hamed Mohamed T.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To investigate the significance of the connector type on stress dissemination within the tooth‐implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses in the mandibular posterior region with different combinations of implant diameter and length by means of finite element analysis (FEA).

Materials and Methods

Six models of different designs for tooth‐implant fixed dental prosthesis (FDPs) were simulated and divided into two main groups. Implant lengths were 10, 11.5, and 13 mm while implant diameters were 3.7, 4.7, and 5.7 mm. The main difference between the groups was the connector type. Models were evaluated using 3D FEA (Solidworks Premium 2018 × 64 Edition). Group A tooth‐implant FDPs (5.7 mm × 10 mm) had a mesial and distal rigid connector while group B tooth‐implant FDPs (3.7 mm × 10 mm, 3.7 mm × 11.5 mm, 3.7 mm × 13 mm, 4.7 mm × 10 mm and 5.7 mm × 10 mm) had a mesial non‐rigid connector in their design between the pontic and the tooth. Models were analyzed to determine the magnitude of von Misses Stresses at six specific zones (fixed dental prosthesis, bone around distal implant, bone around tooth, cementum, periodontal ligament, implant) under vertical occlusal loading of 100 N after meshing and assigning the material properties.

Results

Stress values around the supporting bone were significantly higher in Group B (tooth‐implant FDP with non‐rigid connection) when compared to Group A (tooth‐implant FDP with rigid connection). Also, the stresses measured at the FDP level showed that the rigid connection group (5.7 mm × 10 mm) exhibited 26% lower stress values when compared to the non‐rigid group (5.7 mm × 10 mm).

Conclusions

Implant‐tooth FDPs with rigid connector design using the combination of implant diameter and length (5.7 mm × 10 mm) demonstrated a better design modality thus predicting a higher success rate and more longevity than using the non‐rigid connection option.
Evaluating video‐based lectures on YouTube for dental education
Authors: Gross Ryan T. , Ghaltakhchyan Nare , Nanney Eleanor M. , Jackson Tate H. , Wiesen Christopher A. , Mihas Paul , Persky Adam M. , Frazier‐Bowers Sylvia A. , Jacox Laura A.
Published: May 2023

Purpose/Objectives

Multimedia presentations and online platforms are used in dental education. Though studies indicate the benefits of video‐based lectures (VBLs), data regarding user reception and optimal video features in dental education are limited, particularly on Web 2.0 platforms like YouTube. Given increasing technology integration and remote learning, dental educators need evidence to guide implementation of YouTube videos as a freely available resource. The purpose of this study is to determine video metrics, viewership and format efficacy for dental education videos.

Methods

First, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted of viewers (N = 683) of the Mental Dental educational videos on YouTube. Analytics were evaluated for 677 200 viewers to assess audience demographics, retention and optimal video length. Second, a randomized crossover study was conducted of dental students (N = 101) who watched VBLs in either slideshow or pencast formats and were tested on content learning to compare format efficacy.

Results

Most viewers of Mental Dental videos were dental students (44.2%) and professionals (37.8%) who would likely recommend the platform to a friend or colleague (Net Promoter Score = 82.1). Audience retention declined steadily at 1.34% per minute, independent of video length. Quiz performance did not differ between slideshow and pencast videos, with students having a slight preference for slideshows (P = 0.049).

Conclusions

Dental students and professionals use VBLs and are likely to recommend them to friends and colleagues. There is no optimal video length to maximize audience retention and lecture format (slideshow vs. pencast) does not significantly impact content learning. Results can guide implementation of VBLs in dental curricula.
Piezo1 mediates the degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix in malocclusion‐induced TMJOA
Authors: Feng Xu , Li Siwen , Wang Shuangshuang , Meng Yuan , Zheng Shize , Liu Cangwei , Chang Bei , Shi Ce , Sun Hongchen
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the role of Piezo1 in the malocclusion‐induced osteoarthritic cartilage of the temporomandibular joint.

Methods

A temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis model was established using a unilateral anterior crossbite in vivo, and cartilage degeneration and Piezo1 expression were observed by histological and immunohistochemical staining. ATDC5 cells were loaded with 24 dyn/cm2 fluid flow shear stress using the Flexcell device in vitro and expression and function of Piezo1 were evaluated. After identifying the function of Piezo1 in YAP translocation under FFSS conditions, the influence of Piezo1 and YAP on metabolism‐related enzymes under FFSS was detected through a real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blotting. A UAC‐TMJ injection model was established to observe the therapeutic effect of intra‐articular injection of a Piezo1 inhibitor on osteoarthritic cartilage matrix loss.

Results

Piezo1 was overexpressed in the osteoarthritic cartilage and cultured chondrocytes under shear stress. Piezo1 Silencing inhibited the nuclear translocation of YAP and subsequently downregulated the expression of MMP13 and ADAMTS5. Intra‐articular injection of the Piezo1 inhibitor, GsMTx4, could ameliorate proteoglycan degradation in malocclusion‐induced TMJOA and suppressed MMP13 and ADAMTS5 expression.

Conclusions

Our results revealed that the activation of Piezo1 promotes mechanical‐induced cartilage degradation through the YAP‐MMP13/ADAMTS5 signaling pathway.
Dual‐focus contact lenses for myopia control modify central retinal electrophysiology in humans
Authors: Turnbull Philip R. K. , Goodman Lucy K. , Phillips John R.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Dual‐focus contact lenses create two focal planes, one providing a clear retinal image while the other imposes myopic defocus on the retina to slow myopia progression. This study used global‐flash multifocal electroretinogram (gmfERG) response amplitudes to compare central versus peripheral retinal responses under dual‐focus conditions and to assess the optimal degree of myopic defocus compared with a single‐vision control lens.

Methods

Twenty participants each underwent three gmfERG trials, wearing a spectacle correction over dual‐focus contact lenses with plano central power and peripheral secondary focal powers of either +2.00D, +4.00D or a plano single‐vision lens. We compared amplitudes and latencies of the gmfERG direct and induced components (DC and IC) within participants, between the three different contact lens powers and at different retinal eccentricities (gmfERG ring).

Results

We observed significant differences in the gmfERG responses between the single‐vision and dual‐focus contact lenses. Overall, DC amplitudes peaked between zero and +2.00D secondary power, while IC amplitudes were maximal between +2.00D and +4.00D. Compared with the single‐vision control, the greatest increase in DC and IC amplitudes while wearing dual‐focus lenses occurred within the central 10° of the retina. There was no interaction effect between gmfERG ring (eccentricity) and secondary power, and no difference in the latency of the gmfERG responses between different powers.

Conclusion

We found that dual‐focus contact lenses with a +2.00D secondary power are close to that expected to induce the greatest increase in gmfERG responses relative to a single‐vision lens. Dual‐focus lenses produced the highest DC and IC response amplitudes relative to a single‐vision lens in the central 10° of the retina. This suggests that dual‐focus contact lenses slow myopia progression by modifying central rather than peripheral retinal activity.
Tarski's T‐schema and necessity of identity
Authors: Hosseini Davood
Published: May 2023

Blum (Philosophical Investigations 46, 2023, 264) argues that Tarski's T‐schema and the thesis of the necessity of identity are mutually inconsistent. It is argued that his argument fails.
Catching up withAI: Pushing toward a cohesive governance framework
Authors: Robles Pedro , Mallinson Daniel J.
Published: May 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) contributes to public administration by augmenting public services, including managing big data and information technology. AI is currently utilized in e‐government services that contribute value to American citizens, including providing a personalized customer experience, such as linking individualized data and processing individual assistance requests. Furthermore, AI can take over redundant routine tasks such as digital information provisioning and delivering services. However, in the United States, there is no overarching policy that governs AI. Inconsistent public policy contributes to public distrust of AI, concerns about privacy intrusion, and fears of inequitable service delivery. This review article discusses the rapid emergence of government applications of AI and provides a systematic review of proposed AI governance models. It then outlines their common components for the purpose of building a coherent, yet adaptable, AI Governance Framework and proposes a research agenda for policy and administration researchers.

Related Articles

Glen, Carol M. 2014. “Internet Governance: Territorializing Cyberspace?”Politics & Policy42(5): 635–57.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12093.

Glen, Carol M. 2021. “Norm Entrepreneurship in Global Cybersecurity.”Politics & Policy49(5): 1121–45.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12430.

Zeng, Jinghan, Tim Stevens, and Yaru Chen. 2017. “China's Solution to Global Cyber Governance: Unpacking the Domestic Discourse of ‘Internet Sovereignty.’”Politics & Policy45(3): 432–64.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12202.
President Donald Trump's Abraham Accords initiative: Prospects for Israel, the Arab states, and Palestinians
Authors: Lazin Fred A.
Published: May 2023

Focusing on recent U.S. policy developments toward the Middle East, this commentary examines the potential influence of the Abraham Accords' agreements on politics in the region, the resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and the future of Israel as a democratic and Jewish state. It is based on a review of media coverage of the accords. It begins with a brief history of President Donald Trump's earlier Middle East policies involving Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action” limiting Iran's access to nuclear weapons. I then examine the development of the Abraham Accords under the direction of Jared Kushner. This is followed by an analysis of the potential consequences of the Accords on relations between Israel and the Arab states including Saudi Arabia, on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and on the potential policy implications for the Palestinians. I close with a comment on the future sustainability of Israel as a Jewish and democratic political entity.

Related Articles

Friedlander, Melvin A. 1988. “Jimmy Carter's Fascination with the Middle East.” Politics & Policy (formerly, Southeastern Political Review) 16(1): 205–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.1988.tb00251.x.

Jouini, Nizar, and Manel Ben Akal. 2022. “Political Consensus, Economic Reforms, and Democratic Transitions in the Middle East: Evidence from Voting on Tunisian Reform Bills.” Politics & Policy 50(4): 851–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12489.

Sarquís, David J. 2012. “Democratization after the Arab Spring: The Case of Egypt's Political Transition.” Politics & Policy 40(5): 871–903. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00381.x.
Behaviorally segmented audiences for managing sunscreen chemical pollution risk in protected coastal natural resource areas
Authors: Akerlof K. L. , Loevenich Jacqueline , Melena Sara , Lipsky Christine A.
Published: May 2023

This audience segmentation of visitors at coastal parks in Hawaii and North Carolina addresses an emergent natural resource management concern and risk to aquatic ecosystems: sunscreen chemical pollution. Four audiences were identified that correspond to different behavioral profiles: sunscreen protection tourists, multimodal sun protection tourists, in‐state frequent park visitors, and frequent beachgoers who skip sunscreen. The second‐largest audience, sunscreen protection tourists, represents 29% of visitors at Cape Lookout National Seashore and 25% at Kaloko‐Honokōhau National Historical Park. This group ranks of most concern for chemical pollution because they use sunscreen, but not typically mineral formulations or other methods such as protective clothing, and they have lower levels of sunscreen chemical issue awareness. The identification of similar audience segments across regions with differing cultural characteristics and sunscreen regulation status suggests the robustness of the model and its indicator variables, with implications for both environmental protection and public health. Further, coastal visitors’ interest in enacting pro‐environmental sun protection behaviors during their next park or beach visit indicates the potential for natural resource managers to holistically address risks in both domains through targeted interventions with audiences of most concern.
Pre‐operative neoadjuvant vinblastine‐prednisolone in canine mast cell tumours: A single‐centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ossowska Małgorzata , Picornell Jose Alvarez , Finotello Riccardo , Amores‐Fuster Isabel , Tanis Jean‐Benoit
Published: May 2023

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be used in canine mast cell tumours (MCTs) to optimise surgical margins or to enable marginal excision in challenging locations. The objective of this study was to describe the outcome of dogs with cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs treated with neoadjuvant vinblastine‐prednisolone (NA‐VP). Records of treatment‐naïve dogs with cutaneous/subcutaneous MCT that received NA‐VP were reviewed including signalment, indication for NA‐VP, staging results, clinical response, surgical data and histopathology reports. For dogs with post‐operative follow‐up ≥365 days, predictive factors for local recurrence (LR) were evaluated. Forty‐four dogs were included. NA‐VP was indicated to optimise surgical margins (group MARG) in 19 dogs (43.2%) and to enable surgery (group MORB) in 25 dogs (56.8%). Complete and partial response were documented in 40.9% of dogs and 30 dogs (68.2%) underwent surgery. The indication for NA‐VP was significantly associated with undergoing surgery (p < .001) on multivariable analysis. Twelve (48%) and 18 dogs (94.7%) underwent surgery in the group MORB and MARG, respectively. Five dogs (16.7%) experienced wound dehiscence. Complete excision was achieved in 14 dogs (46.7%). In dogs undergoing surgery with ≥365 days of follow‐up, LR was documented in five cases (20.8%). None of the factors analysed including mitotic count, completeness of excision and response to NA‐VP were associated with LR; notably, LR occurred in 3/11 (27.2%) completely excised MCTs. In a pre‐operative setting, NA‐VP appears safe and could be beneficial in selected cases. Prognostic factors such as clinical response, mitotic count and completeness of excision should be interpreted with caution following NA‐VP.
A collagen‐based layered chronic wound biofilm model for testing antimicrobial wound products
Authors: Thaarup Ida C. , Lichtenberg Mads , Nørgaard Kim T. H. , Xu Yijuan , Lorenzen Jan , Thomsen Trine R. , Bjarnsholt Thomas
Published: May 2023

A new in vitro chronic wound biofilm model was recently published, which provided a layered scaffold simulating mammalian tissue composition on which topical wound care products could be tested. In this paper, we updated the model even further to mimic the dynamic influx of nutrients from below as is the case in a chronic wound. The modified in vitro model was created using collagen instead of agar as the main matrix component and contained both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The model was cast in transwell inserts and then placed in wound simulating media, which allowed for an exchange of nutrients and waste products across a filter. Three potential wound care products and chlorhexidine digluconate 2% solution as a positive control were used to evaluate the model. The tested products were composed of hydrogels made from completely biodegradable starch microspheres carrying different active compounds. The compounds were applied topically and left for 2–4 days. Profiles of oxygen concentration and pH were measured to assess the effect of treatments on bacterial activity. Confocal microscope images were obtained of the models to visualise the existence of microcolonies. Results showed that the modified in vitro model maintained a stable number of the two bacterial species over 6 days. In untreated models, steep oxygen gradients developed and pH increased to >8.0. Hydrogels containing active compounds alleviated the high oxygen consumption and decreased pH drastically. Moreover, all three hydrogels reduced the colony forming units significantly and to a larger extent than the chlorhexidine control treatment. Overall, the modified model expressed several characteristics similar to in vivo chronic wounds.
Effect of a prophylactic dressing for sacral pressure injuries in non‐critically ill patients after general surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yeo Hyunjung , Hwang Jihyeon , Lee Miju , No Dayeong , Jang Insil
Published: May 2023

Background

Hospital‐acquired pressure injuries are strongly associated with surgeries performed under general anesthesia.

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using a prophylactic multi‐layer soft silicone foam dressing in non‐critically ill patients with a Braden Scale score of ≤18 after undergoing routine surgery without sacral pressure injuries.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial included 156 patients who were admitted for surgery under general anesthesia in a tertiary general hospital. The patients were divided into a control group and an intervention group. A 5‐layer soft silicone foam dressing was applied to the sacrum of patients in the intervention group immediately after surgery. For the control group, standard pressure injury prevention activities were performed alongside standard care without preventive dressings.

Results

There were no significant differences in general and clinical characteristics between the two groups; however, the incidence of pressure injury and blanching erythema was higher in the control group, showing a significant difference from the experimental group. Factors influencing the development of pressure injuries and blanching erythema through multivariate regression analysis were prophylactic dressing application and Braden Scale score at the time of admission. A statistically significant difference was noted in survival time from pressure injury between both groups.

Linking Evidence to Action

The incidence of pressure injuries and blanching erythema was lower when the prophylactic dressing was applied with standard protocol for general ward patients after surgery. Accurate evaluation of the patient's skin condition and pressure injury risk assessment before surgery are important. Progressive prophylactic dressings to prevent pressure injuries are effective, and tailored nursing interventions based on accurate assessment of patient's skin condition and risk factors are essential for maintaining skin integrity.
Foliated affine and projective structures
Authors: Deroin Bertrand , Guillot Adolfo
Published: May 2023

We formalize the concepts of holomorphic affine and projective structures along the leaves of holomorphic foliations by curves on complex manifolds. We show that many foliations admit such structures, we provide local normal forms for them at singular points of the foliation, and we prove some index formulae in the case where the ambient manifold is compact. As a consequence of these, we establish that a regular foliation of general type on a compact algebraic manifold of even dimension does not admit a foliated projective structure. Finally, we classify foliated affine and projective structures along regular foliations on compact complex surfaces.
Time Lag Characteristics of Building Envelop Materials on Peak Energy Demand in Typical Hot and Humid Climate of India
Authors: Sah Shammy Kumar , Murugesan Krishnan , Rajasekar Elangovan
Published: May 2023

Using a one-dimensional model for transient heat conduction through building enclosure walls, the present research examines the effects of thermophysical building envelop parameters on transient heat exchange, peak cooling, and heating load for northern part of India. For space cooling and heating applications, the thermal performance of four distinct walling systems commonly employed in the climatic conditions of India was examined. Results demonstrate that when the thermal conductivity of the wall increases, the time lag reduces. As wall thickness rises from 230 mm to 310 mm, there is an increase in the time lag during cooling and heating modes. Additionally, the results show that the time lag between conduction and solar load increases as wall thickness increases. As wall thermal mass increased by 20% in cooling mode, the time of peak load was shifted by 2 h. When operating in cooling mode in contrast to heating mode, high thermal mass is more effective in shifting the time of occurrence of peak energy consumption.
On-Line Prediction of Resistant Force During Soil–Tool Interaction
Authors: Yu Sencheng , Song Xingyong , Sun Zongxuan
Published: May 2023

For off-road vehicles such as excavators and wheel loaders, a large portion of energy is consumed to overcome the soil resistant force in the digging process. For optimal control of the digging tool, a high-fidelity model of the soil–tool interaction force is important to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, an on-line soil resistant force prediction method is proposed. In this method, a hybrid model, which combines a physical model and a data-driven model, is used for the force prediction. In addition, the parameters of the hybrid model can be updated on-line based on real-time data. Comparisons with experimental data demonstrate that the proposed prediction method has an average error of around 12.7%.
Simulative Quantification of the Supersonic Discharge Process of Cold Gas Airbag Inflators
Authors: Schütte Dennis , Radespiel Rolf
Published: May 2023

A simulative method for quantifying the discharge process of cold gas airbag inflators is presented. The pressure, mass flow and the influences of the flow field are relevant to a robust and predictive airbag deployment. Simulations in this regard are compared and validated with experimental data. It turns out that simulated mean pressures inside the inflator deviate by 5–10% from measured data. A complex and highly turbulent flow field with supersonic and subsonic flow emerges. An influential longitudinal vortex forms in the cold gas inflator, leading to a highly dynamic discharge process. This vortex would not be found with the current state-of-the-art methods, such as the simple tank test or analytical models. It is shown that a simple turbulence model such as the k−ω shear stress transport predicts the flow field with sufficient accuracy in comparison with the large eddy simulation. Real gas effects must be taken into account inside the high-pressure reservoir, leading to a faster discharge compared to the ideal gas, due to faster moving expansion waves in the reservoir. Real gas effects outside the high-pressure reservoir seem to be negligible. A simplified simulation model was developed that uses only part of the whole cold gas inflator model and serves as a good practical approach for airbag deployment simulations, with less computational effort. Thus, the method presented here can provide high-quality inflow data for airbag deployment simulations.
Multi-Scale and Multi-Region Pore Structure Analysis on Sandy Conglomerate Whole Core With Digital Rock Model
Authors: Chenchen Wang , Hui Zhao , Guanglong Sheng , Jingwei Huang , Qi Zhang , Yuhui Zhou
Published: May 2023

Based on industrial computed tomography (CT), the whole core sandy conglomerate is scanned with a resolution of 0.5 mm/voxel, and the representative debris region and filling region subsample is selected to be scanned with a resolution of 15 µm/voxel using micro-CT. Then, four regions of the whole core sandy conglomerate image are segmented with the multi-threshold segmentation algorithm including macro pore, debris, filling, and gravel regions, while binary segmentation is performed on the debris and filling subsamples to segment the debris pores and filling pores respectively. Finally, the multi-scale and multi-region pore network model of the sandy conglomerate was constructed by the integration method to analyze the different types of pore characteristics. It can be found that the integrated sandy conglomerate model can reflect the structural characteristics of macro pore, debris pore, and filling pore at the same time. Meanwhile, the porosity and permeability of the integrated sandy conglomerate model are calculated and they are basically consistent with that of lab test results, which greatly increase the accuracy of the multi-scale multi-region pore network model.
Nonlinear propagation of quasiplanar shear wave beams in soft elastic media with transverse isotropy
Authors: Cormack John M. , Hamilton Mark F.
Published: May 2023

Model equations are developed for shear wave propagation in a soft elastic material that include effects of nonlinearity, diffraction, and transverse isotropy. A theory for plane wave propagation by Cormack [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 150, 2566 (2021)] is extended to include leading order effects of wavefront curvature by assuming that the motion is quasiplanar, which is consistent with other paraxial model equations in nonlinear acoustics. The material is modeled using a general expansion of the strain energy density to fourth order in strain that comprises thirteen terms defining the elastic moduli. Equations of motion for the transverse displacement components are obtained using Hamilton's principle. The coupled equations of motion describe diffraction, anisotropy of the wave speeds, quadratic and cubic plane wave nonlinearity, and quadratic nonlinearity associated with wavefront curvature. Two illustrative special cases are investigated. Spatially varying shear vertical wave motion in the fiber direction excites a quadratic nonlinear interaction unique to transversely isotropic soft solids that results in axial second harmonic motion with longitudinal polarization. Shear horizontal wave motion in the fiber plane reveals effects of anisotropy on third harmonic generation, such as beam steering and dependence of harmonic generation efficiency on the propagation and fiber directions.
One-dimensional alignment of defects in a flexible metal-organic framework
Authors: Fu Yao , Forse Alexander C. , Kang Zhengzhong , Cliffe Matthew J. , Cao Weicheng , Yin Jinglin , Gao Lina , Pang Zhenfeng , He Tian , Chen Qinlong , Wang Qi , Long Jeffrey R. , Reimer Jeffrey A. , Kong Xueqian
Published: May 2023

Crystalline materials are often considered to have rigid periodic lattices, while soft materials are associated with flexibility and nonperiodicity. The continuous evolution of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has erased the boundaries between these two distinct conceptions. Flexibility, disorder, and defects have been found to be abundant in MOF materials with imperfect crystallinity, and their intricate interplay is poorly understood because of the limited strategies for characterizing disordered structures. Here, we apply advanced nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to elucidate the mesoscale structures in a defective MOF with a semicrystalline lattice. We show that engineered defects can tune the degree of lattice flexibility by combining both ordered and disordered compartments. The one-dimensional alignment of correlated defects is the key for the reversible topological transition. The unique matrix is featured with both rigid framework of nanoporosity and flexible linkage of high swellability.
Regulation and Functionality of a Holin/Endolysin Pair Involved in Killing of Galleria mellonella and Caenorhabditis elegans by Yersinia enterocolitica
Authors: Sänger Philipp-Albert , Knüpfer Mandy , Kegel Marcel , Spanier Britta , Liebler-Tenorio Elisabeth M. , Fuchs Thilo M.
Published: May 2023

Members of the genus
Yersinia
cause gastroenteritis in humans but also exhibit toxicity toward invertebrates. A virulence factor required for this environmental life cycle stage is the multisubunit toxin complex (Tc), which is distinct from the insecticidal toxin of
Bacillus thuringiensis
and has the potential to be used in pest control.
Stereoinversion via Alcohol Dehydrogenases Enables Complete Catabolism of β-1-Type Lignin-Derived Aromatic Isomers
Authors: Kato Ryo , Maekawa Kodai , Kobayashi Shota , Hishiyama Shojiro , Katahira Rui , Nambo Miki , Higuchi Yudai , Kuatsjah Eugene , Beckham Gregg T. , Kamimura Naofumi , Masai Eiji
Published: May 2023

In many catalytic depolymerization processes of lignin polymers, aryl-ether bonds are selectively cleaved, leaving carbon-carbon bonds between aromatic units intact, including dimers and oligomers with β-1 linkages. Therefore, elucidating the catabolic system of β-1-type lignin-derived compounds will aid in the establishment of biological funneling of heterologous lignin-derived aromatic compounds to value-added products.
Multiomics Reveals Symbionts, Pathogens, and Tissue-Specific Microbiome of Blacklegged Ticks (Ixodes scapularis) from a Lyme Disease Hot Spot in Southeastern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Paulson Amber R. , Lougheed Stephen C. , Huang David , Colautti Robert I.
Published: May 2023

As a vector of human health concern, blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) transmit pathogens that cause tick-borne diseases (TBDs), including Lyme disease (LD). Several hot spots of elevated LD risk have emerged across Canada asI. scapularisexpands its range.
Quantitative Physiology and Proteome Adaptations of Bifidobacterium breve NRBB57 at Near-Zero Growth Rates
Authors: Ortiz Camargo Angela Rocio , van Mastrigt Oscar , Bongers Roger S. , Ben-Amor Kaouther , Knol Jan , Abee Tjakko , Smid Eddy J.
Published: May 2023

In natural environments, nutrients are usually scarce, causing microorganisms to grow slowly while staying metabolically active. In this study we used retentostat cultivation to investigate how the probiotic
Bifidobacterium breve
adapts its physiology and proteome under severe nutrient limitation resulting in near-zero growth rates (<0.001 h
−1
).
Epigenetic-Based Regulation of Transcriptome in Escherichia coli Adaptive Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: D’Aquila Patrizia , De Rango Francesco , Paparazzo Ersilia , Passarino Giuseppe , Bellizzi Dina
Published: May 2023

In this study, we characterized the modifications of epigenetic marks and of the whole transcriptome in the adaptive response of
Escherichia coli
cells to low concentrations of ampicillin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. As the transient adaptation does increase the chance of permanent resistance, possibly allowing the survival and flourishing of bacteria populations where casual mutations providing resistance may give an immediate advantage, the importance of this study is not only in the identification of possible molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive resistance to antibiotics, but also in suggesting new strategies to avoid adaptation.
Density Functional Theory, Molecular Dynamics, and AlteQ Studies of Baimantuoluoamide A and Baimantuoluoamide B to Identify Potential Inhibitors of Mpro Proteins: a Novel Target for the Treatment of SARS COVID-19
Authors: Gurushankar K. , Jeyaseelan S. Ch. , Grishina M. , Siswanto I. , Tiwari R. , Puspaningsih N. N. T.
Published: May 2023

COVID-19 has resulted in epidemic conditions over the world. Despite efforts by scientists from all over the world to develop an effective vaccine against this virus, there is presently no recognized cure for COVID-19. The most succeed treatments for various ailments come from natural components found in medicinal plants, which are also crucial for the development of new medications. This study intends to understand the role of the baimantuoluoamide A and baimantuoluoamide B molecules in the treatment of Covid19. Initially, density functional theory (DFT) used to explore their electronic potentials along with the Becke3–Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) 6-311 + $$G(d,p)$$ basis set. A number of characteristics, including the energy gap, hardness, local softness, electronegativity, and electrophilicity, have also been calculated to discuss the reactivity of molecules. Using natural bond orbital, the title compound’s bioactive nature and stability were investigated. Further, both compounds potential inhibitors with main protease (Mpro) proteins, molecular dynamics simulations and AlteQ investigations also studied.
Experimental Test of the Acoustic Thermometry Method on a Long Track in the Sea of Japan
Authors: Dolgikh G. I. , Morgunov Yu. N. , Bezotvetnykh V. V. , Burenin A. V. , Golov A. A. , Voitenko E. A. , Razhivin V. V. , Tagiltsev A. A.
Published: May 2023

Methodological and technical possibilities of monitoring temperature fields along a 1000-km track in the Sea of Japan using acoustic thermometry are presented. The proposed tomographic method for monitoring the dynamics and structure of waters is based on emission and reception of complex phase-shift keyed signals on a diagnosed path with determination of the propagation time along various ray trajectories with further measurement of the speed of sound and temperature. The physical prerequisites for practical use of thermometric studies at large distances are based on the acoustic “mudslide” effect: the phenomenon of the transition of acoustic energy from the bottom shelf area to an underwater sound signal of the deep ocean. A high-precision system of acoustic thermometry on the basis of tomographic schemes with mobile and stationary hydroacoustic emitters and receiving systems is proposed and tested with the example of the Sea of Japan.
Anomalous Seismic Noises from the December 9, 2020 MW = 5.6 KUDARA Earthquake in the Baikal Basin
Authors: Dobrynina A. A. , Sankov V. A. , Bornyakov S. A. , Korol S. A. , Sankov A. V.
Published: May 2023

Studies have been conducted on the variations of microseismic noise recorded by broadband and short-period seismic stations in the area of South Baikal before and after the large December 9, 2020 Kudara earthquake with Mw = 5.6. Ten days before the earthquake, there was a gradual increase of oscillation amplitudes in the frequency range from 0.01 to 0.1 Hz, with an increasing background observed also during 4 days after the main shock (period from December 1, 2020 to January 12, 2021). The maximum amplitude increase is 19.5 against the background. During this time, there were recorded 48 aftershocks. The analysis of direction of particle motion in seismic waves over the reporting period showed an abrupt change in the orientation of oscillations, which is fully consistent with the azimuth for the main shock epicenter. The analysis of seismograms over the next period (from December 13) did not show similar effects in the microseismic noise field. Apparently, the microseismic noise field reflected the process of slow faulting before the earthquake and after the main shock with subsequent attenuation.