bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Networks and Health Inequalities in Old Age
Authors: Müller Britta , Ellwardt Lea
Published: June 2022

Thanks to improvements in living standards and health behavior as well as medical progress since the second half of the twentieth century, old age has become a life phase in its own right. This phase usually begins by the transition from working life to retirement (Kohli, 2000). Both the chance of reaching retirement and the life expectancy after retirement have increased significantly (Eisenmenger & Emmerling, 2011). The post-work phase spans several decades for many people now. In addition, people who retire are considerably healthier and more independent than their peers of earlier birth cohorts (Crimmins, 2004). The expansion of this phase of life has been accompanied by a differentiation of older people in terms of health and independence: healthy and active people experience this phase, as do people in need of help and care. This fact is considered by distinguishing between old and very old people (Baltes, 2007). Characteristics ofold ageare absence of non-compensable health restrictions, self-determination of various activities (e.g., traveling, hobbies, voluntary work), and strong social integration. Overall, the demands of old age can be coped well in this phase.Very old ageis characterized by an increase in physical and cognitive losses and diseases, and a decrease in the abilities and possibilities of compensating for deficits (Baltes, 1997; Baltes & Smith, 2003).
Social Status, Social Relations, and Health
Authors: Vonneilich Nico
Published: June 2022

This chapter summarizes the current state of research on social status, social relations, and health. The focus is on two questions: (1) Is there evidence of an explanatory contribution of social relationships on the association of social status and health (mediating effect of social relationships), and (2) do associations of social relations and health vary in different social status groups (moderating effect of social status)? There is evidence that social relationships can help explain health inequalities. The current state of research on the moderating effect is less clear. Although there are indications of a moderating effect, the results for both questions vary greatly regarding indicators used for social relationships or health. Research on these questions has so far neglected a more complex measurement of social relations, such as in social networks. Complex assessments of social relations might help in finding more detailed insights.
Gender and Health Inequalities: Social Networks in the Context of Health and Health Behavior
Authors: Gamper Markus , Seidel Julia , Kupfer Annett , Keim-Klärner Sylvia , Klärner Andreas
Published: June 2022

There are significant differences in morbidity (incidence of disease) and mortality (death rate) between men and women. By puberty, male adolescents are more likely to have health problems. During puberty, girls suffer from chronic and mental illnesses and male adolescents are more likely to suffer from acute and life-threatening diseases. Boys and men have riskier health behavior. The field of research mainly relates to the binarity of the sexes—men and women. Studies on trans and queer persons are rare in this field. Networks have a gender-specific effect on risk behavior. Women provide more and more time-consuming social support, even in case of illness. After widowhood, networks have both negative and positive effects, which are gender-specific.
Social Networks and Disability: Access to and Stabilization of Integration into the Primary Labor Market
Authors: Zapfel Stefan , Reims Nancy , Niehaus Mathilde
Published: June 2022

Social science research and official statistics repeatedly point to the poor employment prospects of people with disabilities compared to those without disabilities (Eichhorst et al., 2010, p. 7; WHO, 2011, p. 237; Engels et al., 2017, p. 166 ff.; von Kardorff et al., 2013, p. 7 ff.; Pfaff, 2012, p. 235 ff.; Rauch, 2005, p. 28 ff.). People with disabilities are therefore also less likely to benefit from the manifest and latent functions of employment (Jahoda, 1983). The manifest functions include financial resources and access to the social security system. The latent functions encompass, for example, predefined time structures, the existence of common goals, social and professional prestige, the possibility to perform an activity experienced as meaningful, and the establishment and maintenance of social contacts. Deficits in access to the latent functions of employment are one of the main factors that explain the generally poorer health status of the unemployed (Batinic et al., 2010; Jahoda, 1982).
Desiderata: Social Networks and Health Inequalities: Which Questions Remain Open?
Authors: Reis Olaf , Adebahr Philip , Brandt Stefan , Ellwardt Lea , Gamper Markus , Hoffmann Laura , Keim-Klärner Sylvia , Klärner Andreas , Knabe André , Krug Gerhard , Kupfer Annett , Lois Daniel , Mlinarić Martin , Moor Irene , Müller Britta , Niehaus Mathilde , Reims Nancy , Richter Matthias , Seidel Julia , von der Lippe Holger , Vonneilich Nico , Zapfel Stefan
Published: June 2022

“Tell me how much your friends earn, and I’ll tell you if you smoke, what diseases you have and how long your life will be!” With this somewhat pointed statement, we wanted to shed light on the empirically well-confirmed connection between social and health inequalities from the perspective of network research at the beginning of this book (see chapter “Social networks and health inequalities: a new perspective for research”). Social networks are understood here as mediating entities at an intermediate or meso-level, whose structure and function mediate between vertical (income, education, occupational status, etc.) as well as horizontal (e.g., age, gender, ethnic origin) inequalities and health inequalities (e.g., life expectancy, morbidity rates). Besides this mediating influence a moderating relationship wherein social networks amplify or diminish vertical and horizontal inequalities seems to be reasonable.
Social Network Theories: An Overview
Authors: Gamper Markus
Published: June 2022

Regarding network theory, John Scott argues:“[...] [T]heoretical work has long been underdeveloped in social network analysis. While the methods themselves do not require or imply any particular sociological theory, they do require theoretical contextualisation in wider debates” (Scott,2011, p. 24).Although the theorization of networks has long been neglected, there has been intensive theoretical debate on the concept of social relations and their structures since the early twentieth century. It is generally assumed that people are embedded in relationships and cannot be viewed in isolation from their social environment. Individual dyads, relationships between two actors, are connected to larger units, so-called networks. Networks are located at the meso-level. They are thus a link between the micro-level, or the individual action (agency), and the macro-level, or the institutions (Weyer, 2012, p. 241). Accordingly, networks consist of actors who build relationships with one another and those relationships create overall social structures. The theoretical interest is not based on so-called classical attributes of individuals, like gender, race, or age, or characteristics of institutions, but on relationships and their structures and the embedding of the actors within a network. The starting point of research questions includes relations, the embeddedness of the individuals within a network, and the interaction between social structure and individual attributes.
Social Networks, Health, and Health Inequalities in Youth
Authors: Moor Irene , Hoffmann Laura , Mlinarić Martin , Richter Matthias
Published: June 2022

Since 1960s school-based surveys also focused on social networks of young people. In comparison with other life stages, the evidence regarding social network research is more advanced for school-aged children. These studies identified that homophile of peer groups in adolescence can be attributed to two mechanisms: the thesis of social influence (young people adapt to health and health behaviour of their friends) and the thesis of selection (adolescents choose their friends according to whether they show the same attitudes and (health) behavior as they do themselves). The existing studies focused especially on substance use (smoking and drinking) but also on physical activity and nutrition and to a lesser extent also on mental health, where both these are relevant. However, for explaining health inequalities the evidence is scarce. This chapter will give an overview of social network research on young people and will give insights into the few existing studies regarding the explanation of health inequalities in adolescence (especially regarding smoking). It will also emphasize the need for further research in explaining health inequalities (beyond tobacco consumption) as well as longitudinal research designs.
Social Networks and Health Inequalities in Young and Middle Adulthood
Authors: von der Lippe Holger , Reis Olaf
Published: June 2022

In this chapter we deal with the health and inequality aspects of networks from a psychological and sociological life span perspective. In doing so, we pay attention to the mutual interactions between health, social inequality, and networks in the context of biographical transitions that decisively shape the life course of adults. We focus exclusively on young and middle adulthood—here roughly defined as the age span between 20 and 60 years. We introduce the disciplinary perspectives and paradigms that deal with the topic of networks and health inequalities in different phases of life. We present theories that describe interactions between these concepts, and we summarize the state of research on the relationships between social and health inequalities, networks and health, and inequalities, networks, and health. We conclude with a summary and some desiderata for future research.
GPU Accelerated Modelling and Forecasting for Large Time Series
Authors: Filelis - Papadopoulos Christos K. , Morrison John P. , O‘Reilly Philip
Published: June 2022

Modelling of large scale data series is of significant importance in fields such as astrophysics and finance. The continuous increase in available data requires new computational approaches such as the use of multicore processors and accelerators. Recently, a novel time series modelling and forecasting method was proposed, based on a recursively updated pseudoinverse matrix which enhances parsimony by enabling assessment of basis functions, before inclusion into the final model. Herewith, a novel GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) accelerated matrix based auto-regressive variant is presented, which utilizes lagged versions of a time series and interactions between them to form a model. The original approach is reviewed and a matrix multiplication based variant is proposed. The GPU accelerated and hybrid parallel versions are introduced, utilizing single and mixed precision arithmetic to increase GPU performance. Discussions around performance improvement and high order interactions are given. A block processing approach is also introduced to reduce memory requirements for the accelerator. Furthermore, the inclusion of constraints in the computation of weights, corresponding to the basis functions, with respect to the parallel implementation are discussed. The approach is assessed in a series of model problems and discussions are provided.
Real-Time Human Activity Recognition in Smart Home on Embedded Equipment: New Challenges
Authors: Najeh Houda , Lohr Christophe , Leduc Benoit
Published: June 2022

Building Energy Management (BEM) and monitoring systems should not only consider HVAC systems and building physics but also human behaviors. These systems could provide information and advice to occupants about the significance of their practices with regard to the current state of a dwelling. It is also possible to provide services such as assistance to the elderly, comfort and health monitoring. For this, an intelligent building must know the daily activities of its residents and the algorithms of the smart environment must track and recognize the activities that the occupants normally perform as part of their daily routine. In the literature, deep learning is one of effective supervised learning model and cost-efficient for real-time HAR, but it still struggles with the quality of training data (missing values in time series and non-annotated event), the variability of data, the data segmentation and the ontology of activities. In this work, recent research works, existing algorithms and related challenges in this field are firstly highlighted. Then, new research directions and solutions (performing fault detection and diagnosis for drift detection, multi-label classification modeling for multi-occupant classification, new indicators for training data quality, new metrics weighted by the number of representations in dataset to handle the issue of missing data and finally language processing for complex activity recognition) are suggested to solve them respectively and to improve this field.
Design COVID-19 Ontology: A Healthcare and Safety Perspective
Authors: Mcheick Hamid , Nasser Youmna , Al Wardani Farah , Msheik Batoul
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has flooded a vast amount of information into the world. To help control this situation, good utilization of the overflow in data is required. However, data come in different forms, posing numerous challenges in subsequent processing. Therefore, a uniform knowledge representation of COVID-19 information is needed, and ontology can play a role. The ontology will model patient healthcare-related data, ranging from symptoms to side effects and medical conditions, and the necessary precautions, especially for healthcare workers, to obtain protection from the COVID-19 virus. We followed Sánchez’s methodology to build the vocabularies, which include current ontology concepts, W3C standards RDF, OWL and SWRL. This work shows promising results that can be applied by different organizations.
Social Response to COVID-19 SMART Dashboard: Proposal for Case Study
Authors: Zaballa Karenina , Fernandez Gabriela , Maione Carol , Bonnici Norbert , Carter Jarai , Vito Domenico , Tsou Ming-Hsiang
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic took a toll on the world’s healthcare infrastructure as well as its social, economic, and psychological well-being. In particular, Italy’s unexpectedly high COVID-19 case and death rate from March to June, 2020, captured headlines due to its speed and virulence. Many governments are currently implementing measures to help contain and slow down the spread of COVID-19. The Social Response to Covid-19 Smart Dashboard was built by researchers at the Metabolism of Cities Living Lab, Center for Human Dynamics in the Mobile Age at San Diego State University and Politecnico di Milano. This dashboard provides an aggregated view of what people in 10 Italian metropolitan cities (Milan, Venice, Turin, Bologna, Florence, Rome, Naples, Bari, Palermo, and Cagliari) tweet during the pandemic by monitoring social media behaviors in the north, center, south, and islands. Moreover, the dashboard is a geo-targeted search tool for Twitter messages to monitor the diffusion of information and social behavior changes which provides an automatic procedure to help researchers to: associate tweets based on geography differences, filter noises such as removing redundant retweets and using machine learning methods to improve precisions, analyze social media data from a spatiotemporal perspective, and visualize social media data in various aspects such as weekly trends, top urls, top retweets, top mentions, and top hashtags. The Social Response to Covid-19 SMART Dashboard provides a useful tool for policy makers, city planners, research organizations, and health officials to monitor real-time societal perceptions using social media.
Tree-Based Models for Pain Detection from Biomedical Signals
Authors: Shi Heng , Chikhaoui Belkacem , Wang Shengrui
Published: June 2022

For medical treatments, pain is often measured by self-report. However, the current subjective pain assessment highly depends on the patient’s response and is therefore unreliable. In this paper, we propose a physiological-signals-based objective pain recognition method that can extract new features, which have never been discovered in pain detection, from electrodermal activity (EDA) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. To discriminate the absence and presence of pain, we establish four classification tasks and build four tree-based classifiers, including Random Forest, Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and TabNet. The comparative experiments demonstrate that our method using the EDA and ECG features yields accurate classification results. Furthermore, the TabNet achieves a large accuracy improvement using our ECG features and a classification accuracy of 94.51% using the features selected from the fusion of the two signals.
An Exploratory Study on Development Smart Cradle for Women with Spinal Cord Injury: Focus Group Interview
Authors: Kim Jae-nam , Yang Ha-yeon , Kim Min-kyung , Kim Hyun-kyung , Shim Sun-hwa , Kim Eun-joo , Jang Wan-ho , Jo Sun-young
Published: June 2022

This study is preliminary research to develop a smart cradle for women with spinal cord injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs for improvement of the product and important factors related to product development. A focus group interview was conducted with a total of 5 women with spinal cord injury who had experienced parenting after spinal cord injury. After recording all of the focus group interviews, researchers individually analyzed the content and integrated the results. Easy access cradle design for wheelchair users, attachment of wheelchair and cradle when moving at home, an open and lockable door one side of the cradle were required in cradle structures. Electronic height adjustment, bounce mode, children’s motion sensor, and function linked with a smartphone should be reflected in the development of the cradle. This result is meaningful in that it suggests points to be considered in the process of developing an assistive device by reflecting the desire to understand the grievance women with spinal cord injury when parenting.
A Systematic Review on the Development of Clothing for People with Disability in Korea
Authors: Yang Ha-yeon , Kim Hyun-kyung , Kim Min-kyung , Shim Sun-hwa , Kim Eun-ju , Kim Jae-nam , Jo Sun-young , Jang Wan-ho
Published: June 2022

As the number of people with disabilities continues to increase, difficulties in dressing activities for people with disabilities are also increasing. However, the currently available clothing for the disabled do not satisfy their functional and aesthetic needs. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to vitalizing the development of clothing for the disabled in Korea by collecting domestic study on the development of clothing for the disabled and analyzing them in various areas. Finally, 5 studies were selected. As a result of classifying into 4 areas of body type, considerations, points for improvement, and design, it can be used as basic data for study related to the development of clothing for the disabled.
Empowering Well-Being Through Conversational Coaching for Active and Healthy Ageing
Authors: McTear Michael , Jokinen Kristiina , Dubey Mohnish , Chollet Gérard , Boudy Jérôme , Lohr Christophe , Roelen Sonja Dana , Mössing Wanja , Wieching Rainer
Published: June 2022

With life expectancy growing rapidly over the past century, societies are being increasingly faced with a need to find smart living solutions for elderly care and active ageing. The e-VITA project, which is a joint European (H2020) and Japanese (MIC) funded project, is based on an innovative approach to virtual coaching that addresses the crucial domains of active and healthy ageing. In this paper we describe the role of spoken dialogue technology in the project. Requirements for the virtual coach were elicited through a process of participatory design in workshops, focus groups, and living labs, and a number of use cases were identified for development using the open-source RASA framework. Knowledge Graphs are used as a shared representation within the system, enabling an integration of multimodal data, context, and domain knowledge.
In-Air Handwriting Recognition Using Acoustic Impulse Signals
Authors: Niu Kai , Zhang Fusang , Fu Xiaolai , Jin Beihong
Published: June 2022

This paper presents AcousticPAD, a contactless and robust handwriting recognition system that extends the input and interactions beyond the touchscreen using acoustic signals, thus very useful under the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. To achieve this, we carefully exploit acoustic pulse signals with high accuracy of time of fight (ToF) measurements. Then we employ trilateration localization method to capture the trajectory of handwriting in air. After that, we incorporate a data augmentation module to enhance the handwriting recognition performance. Finally, we customize a back propagation neural network that leverages augmented image dataset to train a model and recognize the acoustic system generated handwriting characters. We implement AcousticPAD prototype using cheap commodity acoustic sensors, and conduct extensive real environment experiments to evaluate its performance. The results validate the robustness of AcousticPAD, and show that it supports 10 digits and 26 English letters recognition at high accuracies.
Modeling IoT Design Patterns Proven Correct by Construction
Authors: Tounsi Imen , Khalfi Najeh , Saidi Abdessamad , Hadj Kacem Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Formal method techniques are used to model complex systems as mathematical entities. By building mathematical rigorous models of IoT design patterns, it is possible to verify their properties in a thorough fashion. In this paper, we propose a refinement-based approach for modeling IoT design patterns. It allows the modeling of correct by construction IoT design patterns. It takes advantage of formal methods by the specification of design pattern models with the Event-B method and checking the design correctness. Our goal is to design IoT patterns proven correct by construction to successfully apply them and promote their reuse. Our approach is experimented through pattern examples and we illustrate it with a case study in the health care domain.
Smart Technology in the Home for People Living in the Community with Mental Illness and Physical Comorbidities
Authors: Forchuk Cheryl , Rudnick Abraham , Corring Deborah , Lizotte Daniel , Hoch Jeffrey S. , Booth Richard , Frampton Barbara , Mann Rupinder , Serrato Jonathan
Published: June 2022

This study evaluated a smart technology intervention in the home as a support for individuals with severe mental illness. This study recruited 13 participants in a variety of community-based homes. Participants were offered a smartphone, a touchscreen monitor and health devices such as smartwatches, weigh-scales, and automated medication dispensers. Data was exported to the Lawson Integrated DataBase for care providers to monitor/track. Interviews with participants and focus groups with participants and care providers were conducted at baseline, 6-months and 12-months, and survey instruments were used to collect quantitative data about different dimensions of health and social determinants. Descriptive statistics from these outcome measures are presented as the sample size was too small for meaningful statistical inference. Qualitative analyses revealed a high degree of acceptability of the devices and motivation for healthy living, communication and mental health. Health Care Providers also noted improvements to client health. This study proves the feasibility of deploying smart technologies to support individuals with severe mental illness. Future scale-up would further our understanding of their impacts.
„Ein Lannister begleicht immer seine Schulden“: Was bedeutet dieses Motto aus schuldrechtlicher Sicht?
Authors: Laimer Simon , Eder Susanna
Published: June 2022

In diesem Beitrag wird der inoffizielle Familienwahlspruch „Ein Lannister begleicht immer seine Schulden“ aus privatrechtlicher Sicht betrachtet. Zwar mag die Familie Lannister den Ausspruch inflationär verwenden, aber von der wohl reichsten und ältesten Dynastie in Westeros kommend, hat er dennoch eine starke Symbolwirkung. Das Haus Lannister kann es sich leisten, sich aus (fast) jeder Situation herauszukaufen. Der Wahlspruch soll somit die Liquidität der Familie widerspiegeln, sodass man einem Lannister ohne Sorge Kredit gewähren können sollte. Doch wie verhält es sich aus rechtlicher Sicht, wenn etwa Tyrion, gefangen im Mondtor auf der Burg Hohenehr, das Familienmotto als Bekräftigung seines Schuldversprechens heranzieht? Man könnte zunächst an eine rechtsgeschäftliche Garantie denken, wonach der Versprechende für den zugesagten Erfolg einsteht und bei Ausbleiben auf volle Genugtuung haftet. Will Tyrion damit darüber hinaus aussagen, dass seine Familie für ihn einsteht, so muss man zwischen einer Verwendungszusage und einer Leistungsgarantie unterscheiden. Des Weiteren ist jener Fall zu würdigen, in dem z. B. Tywin Lannister, Oberhaupt des Hauses und Lord von Casterlystein, verspricht, für die Schulden seiner Kinder einzustehen, könnte es sich dabei doch möglicherweise um eine persönliche Kreditsicherheit handeln, die freilich ihrerseits rechtlich einzuordnen ist.
The Great Educators? The Societal Relevance of Game of Thrones from an International Relations’ Perspective
Authors: Eder Franz
Published: June 2022

What impact does Game of Thrones (GoT) have on International Relations (IR) as a discipline and how can IR contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics in Westeros? Research has shown that this epos has a pedagogical, an interpretative and an explanatory function. The series allows scholars to teach IR theories more effectively and enjoyably, it helps us to better understand contemporary political and societal phenomena, and political activists can utilize GoT to cause change in real-world. This article has two aims: first, it summarizes these three strands of research and by doing so, explains the developments in Westeros from an International Relations’ perspective. Second, it addresses a fourth aspect of GoT that has not been seriously considered yet: its educational function. Game of Thrones conveys key concepts of IR to ordinary people without the need of academics as intermediaries. GoT is able to condition the way ordinary human beings and political decision-makers think. Consequently, the epos has a constitutive effect on the behavior of these individuals. Hence, the creators are great educators because they are more successful than most academics in making central concepts and insights of IR known to a broader public.
Game of Thrones und die Ästhetik der Macht
Authors: Staubmann Helmut
Published: June 2022

Ein soziologischer Blick auf den Publikumserfolg von Game of Thrones legt nahe, dass dieser nicht an einer Widerspiegelung aktueller gesellschaftlicher Realitäten liegt, sondern in der spezifischen Form der literarischen Fiktion und filmischen Inszenierung. Die Ästhetik der Macht als künstlerische Gestaltung oder, im ursprünglichen Wortsinn, Versinnlichung eines der bedeutendsten und wirkmächtigsten sozialen Phänomene in der Form einer Fantasy Fiction stellt das eigentliche Faszinosum der Serie dar. Gewalt oder Nacktheit entfalten erst in diesem Kontext ihre Wirkungen. Einen wesentlichen Anteil an der Erzeugung von Spannung hat die Darstellung der Vielschichtigkeit der Macht alssozialesPhänomen. Die Serie greift dabei auf Metaphern wie die von Drachen zurück, die kulturgeschichtlich mit Unzähmbarkeit und Übermacht fundamentaler Kräfte verbunden sind. Drachen und Ungeheuer aller Art in Träumen, Märchen, in Literatur und Filmen stellen ein Faszinosum dar, gerade weil sie die in der Sphäre der Wirklichkeit verdrängten Kräfte ästhetisch appräsentieren und damit eine „erlösende“ Wirkung erzielen. Die gelungene Gestaltung des Spannungsfeldes von Chaos und Ordnung mit Stilmitteln tief verwurzelter kultureller Metaphern ist ein entscheidender Faktor der faszinierenden Wirkung auf ein weltweites Publikum.
„Das Volk … interessiert mich nicht“. Wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Betrachtungen von Game of Thrones
Authors: Exenberger Andreas
Published: June 2022

Dieser Beitrag liefert einen kursorischen Überblick über die wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse in der Welt von Game of Thrones. Dabei stellt sich die Welt von Westeros als agrarisch und ständisch dar, die Welt von Essos als von Handel, Sklaverei und Plünderungen geprägt. Die Sicht der Elite auf das einfache Volk ist zudem stark funktional, Menschen sind Manövriermasse für die Zwecke der Mächtigen. Ökonomische Verhältnisse stehen in der Serie allerdings auch klar im Hintergrund. Etwas fundiertere Darstellungen finden sich nur in Bezug auf das Finanzwesen und insbesondere der Blick auf Lebensrealitäten der einfachen Bevölkerung ist von starken Stereotypen geprägt. Dabei wird viel Potenzial vergeben, die Relevanz von sozialen Verhältnissen für historische Umwälzungen zu thematisieren.
Fernsehserien als Spiegel der Gesellschaft – Psychoanalytische Überlegungen zu Game of Thrones
Authors: Poscheschnik Gerald
Published: June 2022

Nachdem sich die sozialwissenschaftliche Analyse des Unterhaltungsfilms lange Zeit in Geiselhaft einer kritisch-negativistischen Perspektive befunden hat, erwacht neuerdings im Zusammenhang mit der Entstehung des Quality-TV ein unvoreingenommeneres Interesse an Film und Fernsehen. Die vermutlich schon seit Anbeginn der Menschheit existierende Faszination für fiktionale Geschichten und Erzählungen, die sich auch in audiovisuellen Medien transportieren lassen, liegt begründet in einer Reihe von psycho-sozialen Funktionen, die diese für Individuen wie auch Kollektive erfüllen (Eskapismus, Katharsis, Edukation, Transformation, Identität). Am Beispiel von Game of Thrones lässt sich zeigen, dass Fernsehserien auch eine unbewusste Tiefendimension haben, die mehr oder weniger kollektivierte Phantasien über die Verfasstheit der Gesellschaft einfangen und widerspiegeln, aber auch herausfordern. Anhand der Topographie von Game of Thrones mit den drei zentralen Lokalitäten Westeros, Essos und dem Norden wird gezeigt, dass diese die Elemente von Angst, Verdrängung und Hoffnung repräsentieren, wobei die unerwarteten Brüche und Schocks in der Serienhandlung, darunter insbesondere das Finale, diese gesellschaftliche Phantasie auch hinterfragen und die Zuschauer auf sich selbst zurückwerfen.
„There is ice and there is fire“ – Religion und Identität in Game of Thrones
Authors: Kraml Anna , Kraml Martina
Published: June 2022

Populäre Kultur, wie sie in Serien produziert wird, scheint auf den ersten Blick von geringem Interesse für die Wissenschaft zu sein, speziell für manche Bereiche der Theologie. Auch umgekehrt gibt es wohl wenig Beziehung und Interesse von Seiten der populären Kultur in Richtung theologischer Wissenschaft. Wie die Autorinnen im Beitrag zeigen wollen, stellen aber Serien wie Game of Thrones bzw. die literarische Vorlage A Song of Ice and Fire erkenntnistheoretische Grundlagen zur Verfügung, indem für jeden Menschen relevante Fragen verhandelt werden: Wer bin ich? Für wen halten mich die anderen? Was macht religiöse Menschen aus? In welchen Formationen treten Religionen auf? Inwiefern tragen Religionen zu einem gelingenden Leben bei? Wo zeigen sich die Abgründe der Religionen? Die populäre Kultur bietet ein großes Spektrum an Quellen und Inhalten, die Auskunft über das mögliche Selbstverständnis von Menschen geben und Auseinandersetzung in Gang bringen kann. Serien oder Bücher bilden einen Mikrokosmos, in dem sich gesellschaftliche und religiöse Entwicklungen abzeichnen. Der vorliegende Beitrag möchte diesen Mikrokosmos ausloten und die Frage stellen, welche Erkenntnisse mit Blick auf religiöse Identitäten von Personen und Gruppen gewonnen werden können. Die Autorinnen verstehen die Medien der populären Kultur, in diesem Fall Game of Thrones bzw. A Song of Ice and Fire, als Möglichkeit zur kritischen und kriteriengeleiteten Auseinandersetzung mit gesellschaftlichen und religiösen Werten und Normen.
Der mittelalterliche Herrscherhof als Vorbild? Macht und Machtstrukturen in Game of Thrones und die mittelalterliche Geschichte
Authors: Schwarz Jörg
Published: June 2022

Die Inspiration für die Welt von Game of Thrones schöpft unbestreitbar aus dem europäischen Mittelalter. Vor allem die Geschichte Englands im Hoch- und Spätmittelalter und die Herrschaft der Dynastie der Plantagenets sowie ihrer Nebenlinien (1154–1485) bilden den Hintergrund für Handlung und Herrschaftsstrukturen. Auch einige historische Persönlichkeiten lassen sich mit fiktiven Figuren aus der von George R. R. Martin erschaffenen Fantasywelt vergleichen. Die Parallelen werden besonders deutlich, wenn man einen einzigen Aspekt als Vergleichsfolie untersucht, wie etwa den Herrscherhof. Ob im „realen“ Mittelalter oder in der fiktiven Welt von Westeros, der Hof übt dieselben zentralen Funktionen aus: So ist er nicht nur Medium der Selbstdarstellung/Repräsentation, sondern gleichzeitig höchste politische Entscheidungsinstanz, Sozialverband und Kommunikationszentrum. Schlüsselbegriffe der historischen Forschung wie Macht oder kommunikative Strukturen sind deshalb gut geeignet, um sich der fiktiven Hofgesellschaft von Königsmund analytisch zu nähern.
Language of Dominance, Language of Resistance: Cersei Lannister’s and Arya Stark’s Discursive Strategies Compared
Authors: Mazzon Gabriella
Published: June 2022

Fictional dialogue contains evidence about the conversational and rhetorical strategies that contribute to characterisation and plot development. Through their words, fictional characters not only create their identities, but also express the set of values they are meant to represent, since dialogues are constructed following the conventions of the community that produces and forms the audience of the fictional product. This paper analyses utterances and dialogue sequences by Cersei Lannister and Arya Stark, with a special attention to how they engage with their gender and related issues, showing the differences and similarities between these two iconic female characters.
‘Rare but there’: On subtleties and saliencies of (pseudo-)archaisms in Game of Thrones scripted dialogues
Authors: Kirner-Ludwig Monika
Published: June 2022

This paper is going to carve out to what extent the use of morpho-syntactical as well as lexico-conceptual archaisms is frequent or salient in the Game of Thrones series dialogue transcripts and what kind of (pseudo-)archaisms the screenplay writers were working with in order to add a ‘pseudo-medieval feel’ to the discourse on screen. By making use of the corpus tool Sketch Engine, I shall demonstrate that archaisms and particularly pseudo-archaisms in Game of Thrones may not be particularly frequent token-wise, but are highly salient, despite their presence being subtle and impalpable. Their function as pseudo-medieval landmarks, however, will be shown to be cohesive throughout the scripted dialogues in the Game of Thrones series.
Sprachvarietäten in Game of Thrones
Authors: Scharf Christina
Published: June 2022

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, warum die deutsche Synchronfassung der ersten Staffel der Serie Game of Thrones anders klingt als das englische Original. Die Frage bezieht sich dabei auf die realen diatopischen und diastratischen englischen Sprachvarietäten, die in der Serie als Varietäten der fiktiven Common Tongue neu verankert werden, und darauf ob bzw. inwieweit diese in der deutschen Synchronfassung als Varietäten der Gemeinen Zunge vorkommen. In einem ersten Schritt werden dazu die Eigenschaften und Auswirkungen der im Original vorkommenden Sprachvarietäten analysiert, indem die Charaktere in vier Gruppen aufgeteilt werden. Auf diese Analyse folgen eine Diskussion der aktuellen Translationsstrategien im Umgang mit (vor allem diatopischen) Sprachvarietäten bei der Synchronisation sowie eine vergleichsbasierte Analyse ihres Vorkommens in der deutschen Synchronfassung der Staffel. Abschließend wird eine neue Translationsstrategie für die Synchronisation von Sprachvarietäten in Fantasyfilmen und -serien vorgeschlagen.
Vom Tyrann(inn)enmord zur Sezession des Nordens: Die Allgemeine Staatslehre in Game of Thrones
Authors: Gamper Anna
Published: June 2022

Die Allgemeine Staatslehre und die Kultserie Game of Thrones verbindet mehr, als man von einer altehrwürdigen Wissenschaft annehmen würde, auch wenn es für Fiktionales in der Staatstheorie – von „Politeia“ bis Thomas Hobbesʼ „Leviathan“– längst prominente Beispiele gibt. Bei genauerem Hinsehen entpuppen sich jedoch verschiedene maßgebliche Themen, Handlungsabläufe und auch das Finale der komplexen Serie als eine Reihe illustrativer Lehrbeispiele darüber, wie staatliche Ordnungen entstehen und zerfallen, Staatsformen sich wandeln und welche Auswirkungen das Fehlen einer „geschriebenen“ Verfassung hat. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Sezessionsbestrebungen in Europa und weltweit erhebt sich etwa die Frage, ob sich die Sezession des Nordens als legitimer Versuch, das äußere Selbstbestimmungsrecht eines unterdrückten Volks zu verwirklichen, deuten lässt. Ist das tragische Ende von Daenerys Targaryen ein legitimer Tyranninnenmord, nachdem ihr Widerstand gegen Sklaverei und das Regime einer anderen Tyrannin in einen Gewaltexzess gemündet hatte, der, verbunden mit ihrem Anspruch auf Weltherrschaft, alles andere als Freiheit und Grundrechte erwarten ließ? Und wird Westeros am Ende zu einer Demokratie, bloß weil – statt der bisherigen Erbmonarchie – eine Wahlversammlung den neuen König bestimmt? Diesen und anderen ausgewählten Problemstellungen geht der Beitrag nach und bemisst diese an den staatstheoretischen Erkenntnissen der Gegenwart.
Slow-roll inflation in Palatini F(R) gravity
Authors: Dioguardi Christian , Racioppi Antonio , Tomberg Eemeli
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We study single field slow-roll inflation in the presence of F(R) gravity in the Palatini formulation. In contrast to metric F(R), when rewritten in terms of an auxiliary field and moved to the Einstein frame, Palatini F(R) does not develop a new dynamical degree of freedom. However, it is not possible to solve analytically the constraint equation of the auxiliary field for a general F(R). We propose a method that allows us to circumvent this issue and compute the inflationary observables. We apply this method to test scenarios of the form F(R) = R + αRn and find that, as in the previously known n = 2 case, a large α suppresses the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. We also find that models with F(R) increasing faster than R2 for large R suffer from numerous problems.
The Effective Vector Boson Approximation in high-energy muon collisions
Authors: Ruiz Richard , Costantini Antonio , Maltoni Fabio , Mattelaer Olivier
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Due to the inclination for forward gauge radiation, lepton colliders beyond a few TeV are effectively electroweak (EW) boson colliders, suggesting the treatment of EW bosons as constituents of high-energy leptons. In the context of a muon collider, we revisit the validity of W and Z parton distribution functions (PDFs) at leading order in 2 → n process. We systematically investigate universal and quasi-universal power-law and logarithmic corrections that arise when deriving (polarized) weak boson PDFs in the collinear limit. We go on to survey a multitude of 2 → n processes at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 2–30 TeV via polarized and unpolarized EW boson fusion/scattering. To conduct this study, we report a public implementation of the Effective W/Z and Weizsäcker-Williams Approximations, which we collectively call the Effective Vector Boson Approximation, into the Monte Carlo event generator MadGraph5_aMC@NLO. This implementation lays the groundwork for developing matrix-element matching prescriptions involving EW parton showers and renormalized EW PDFs. To further with this agenda, we give recommendations on using W/Z PDFs.
Derived Categories of Hyper-Kähler Manifolds via the LLV Algebra
Authors: Beckmann T.
Published: June 2022

We mostly review work of Taelman (Derived equivalences of hyperkähler varieties, 2019, arXiv:1906.08081) on derived categories of hyper-Kähler manifolds. We study the LLV algebra using polyvector fields to prove that it is a derived invariant. Applications to the action of derived equivalences on cohomology and to the study of their Hodge structures are given.
The implementation of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing: from lean manufacturing to product design
Authors: Huang Zhuoyu , Jowers Casey , Kent Damon , Dehghan-Manshadi Ali , Dargusch Matthew S.
Published: June 2022

With the emergence of Industry 4.0, digitalization and intelligent manufacturing are vital to ensure competitivity, especially for manufacturers reliant on legacy machines. Upgrading legacy machines with cyber physical technology under Industry 4.0 frameworks can enable connection of these machines to existing IoT networks to allow the sharing and exchange of production information. In this paper, a legacy machine used in sheet metal folding operations is upgraded by integrating switch sensors which provide detailed data on the machine status to stakeholders, enabling in-depth analysis of the production activity before and after the implementation of lean manufacturing methods. Furthermore, it is shown that the data collected can be applied to conduct dynamic value stream mapping (DVSM) in near real time to provide deeper level insight into manufacturing processes. More detailed mapping enables identification of wastes involved with labour and design. Therefore, an innovative graphical technique is proposed to improve the flattened pattern to reduce manual handling and ease bottlenecks identified by VSM. From the collected VSM data, a leanness measure was established to provide objective and quantitative evaluation of the process performance.
Peripersonal space around the upper and the lower limbs
Authors: Gherri Elena , Xu Aolong , Ambron Elisabetta , Sedda Anna
Published: June 2022

Peripersonal space (PPS), the space closely surrounding the body, is typically characterised by enhanced multisensory integration. Neurophysiological and behavioural studies have consistently shown stronger visuo-tactile integration when a visual stimulus is presented close to the tactually stimulate body part in near space (within PPS) than in far space. However, in the majority of these studies, tactile stimuli were delivered to the upper limbs, torso and face. Therefore, it is not known whether the space surrounding the lower limbs is characterised by similar multisensory properties. To address this question, we asked participants to complete two versions of the classic visuo-tactile crossmodal congruency task in which they had to perform speeded elevation judgements of tactile stimuli presented to the dorsum of the hand and foot while a simultaneous visual distractor was presented at spatially congruent or incongruent locations either in near or far space. In line with existing evidence, when the tactile target was presented to the hand, the size of the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) decreased in far as compared to near space, suggesting stronger visuo-tactile multisensory integration within PPS. In contrast, when the tactile target was presented to the foot, the CCE decreased for visual distractors in near than far space. These findings show systematic differences between the representation of PPS around upper and lower limbs, suggesting that the multisensory properties of the different body part-centred representations of PPS are likely to depend on the potential actions performed by the different body parts.
Atoms of root-closed submonoids of $$\mathbb {Z}^2$$
Authors: Lettl Günter
Published: June 2022

We describe how one can explicitly obtain all atoms of an arbitrary root-closed monoid, whose quotient group is isomorphic to$$\mathbb {Z}^2$$Z2. For this purpose, we solve this task for three special types of such monoids in Theorems 5 and 6, and then transfer these results to the general case. It turns out that all atoms can be obtained from the (regular) continued fraction expansion of the slopes of the bounding rays of the cone, which is spanned by the monoid.
Bindung im Erwachsenenalter und körperliche Gesundheit
Authors: Göbel Philipp , Flemming Eva , Mestel Robert , Spitzer Carsten
Published: June 2022

Die hohe Relevanz früher Beziehungserfahrungen für die psychosoziale Entwicklung des Säuglings bzw. Kindes ist von der Bindungstheorie elaboriert und von der Bindungsforschung eindrucksvoll empirisch belegt worden. Auch die körperliche Reifung und Ausdifferenzierung biologischer Systeme werden von Beziehungserfahrungen geprägt. Gleichwohl ist der Zusammenhang zwischen Bindung und körperlicher Gesundheit bisher nur unzureichend untersucht, insbesondere nicht bei stationären Psychotherapiepatientinnen und Patienten. In dieser naturalistischen Beobachtungsstudie wurden Daten aus der Routinediagnostik von 6003 Patienten in stationärer Psychotherapie analysiert. Die partnerschaftsbezogenen Bindungsstrategien wurden mit der deutschsprachigen Kurzform des Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire (ECR-RD12) und verschiedene körperliche Erkrankungen mit dem Work Ability Index (WAI) erhoben. Unter Kontrolle soziodemografischer und kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren war Bindungsangst mit 8 von 11 der erfassten Erkrankungen assoziiert, Bindungsvermeidung hingegen lediglich mit neurologischen Krankheiten. Zudem bestand ein Zusammenhang zwischen Bindungsunsicherheit und genereller somatischer Krankheitslast, der maßgeblich von Bindungsangst bestimmt wurde. In Übereinstimmung mit anderen Studien legen die Befunde den Schluss nahe, dass Assoziationen zwischen einer Vielzahl körperlicher Erkrankungen und Bindungsunsicherheit im Allgemeinen sowie Bindungsangst im Besonderen existieren.
Deep-learning-based 3D super-resolution MRI radiomics model: superior predictive performance in preoperative T-staging of rectal cancer
Authors: Hou Min , Zhou Long , Sun Jihong
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of a deep-learning (DL)-based three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution (SR) MRI radiomics model for preoperative T-staging prediction in rectal cancer (RC).

Methods

Seven hundred six eligible RC patients (T1/2 = 287, T3/4 = 419) were retrospectively enrolled in this study and chronologically allocated into a training cohort (n = 565) and a validation cohort (n = 141). We conducted a deep-transfer-learning network on high-resolution (HR) T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) to enhance the z-resolution of the images and acquired the preoperative SRT2WI. The radiomics models named modelHRT2 and modelSRT2 were respectively constructed with high-dimensional quantitative features extracted from manually segmented volume of interests of HRT2WI and SRT2WI through the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator method. The performances of the models were evaluated by ROC, calibration, and decision curves.

Results

ModelSRT2 outperformed modelHRT2 (AUC 0.869, sensitivity 71.1%, specificity 93.1%, and accuracy 83.3% vs. AUC 0.810, sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 70.1%, and accuracy 77.3%) in distinguishing T1/2 and T3/4 RC with significant difference (p < 0.05). Both radiomics models achieved higher AUCs than the expert radiologists (0.685, 95% confidence interval 0.595–0.775, p < 0.05). The calibration curves confirmed high goodness of fit, and the decision curve analysis revealed the clinical value.

Conclusions

ModelSRT2 yielded superior predictive performance in preoperative RC T-staging by comparison with modelHRT2 and expert radiologists’ visual assessments.

Key Points

• For the first time, DL-based 3D SR images were applied in radiomics analysis for clinical utility.

• Compared with the visual assessment of expert radiologists and the conventional radiomics model based on HRT2WI, the SR radiomics model showed a more favorable capability in helping clinicians assess the invasion depth of RC preoperatively.

• This is the largest radiomics study for T-staging prediction in RC.