bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘The Same Blood Works in Us’. Wies Moes as Cultural Mediator in Times of War
Authors: Brems Elke
Published: June 2017

The Same Blood Works in Us. Wies Moens as a Cultural Mediator in Times of War

During the Second World War, the relations between the peoples and cultures involved were redefined, not only politically but also culturally. Cultural mediators between Flanders and Germany sought to clarify and strengthen the relationship between both cultures, aided by the German cultural policy that was explicitly anti-French. Wies Moens was a central figure in this process of cultural mediation as a writer, translator and public intellectual. His translation of the Finnish epic Kalevala fed the idea of kinship between the Germanic cultures. Also with his translation of Hölderlin he took a cultural-political position – one which exposed the scope of his network to boot. His translation of Flemish war poetry finally shows Moens’ hope that the planned cultural transfer would not be exclusively unidirectional. Both his rhetoric and his actions during the Second World War show Wies Moens as a constant mediator and bridge builder between Flanders and Germany.
Nursing care of the newborn in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Silva Taysa Costa da , Lima Shirley Antas de , Ferreira Josefa Danielma Lopes , Lima Carla Lidiane Jácome de , Ferreira Thalys Maynnard Costa , Barbosa Adriano Da Silva , Brito Aline Monteiro Ribeiro , Santos Thays Leandro dos , Ramalho Flávio William Brito de Azevedo , Anízio Bianca Fonsêca , Ferreira Adelson Francisco , Costa Marta Miriam Lopes
Published: June 2017

Objective: To verify the main measures of care for the newborn in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Method: This is an integrative review, in which, it is possible to identify, analyze and synthesize research results with the inclusion of experimental and non-experimental studies. A total of 133 articles were collected. After reading titles, exclusion criteria and reading resumes, 10 were left, in which the sample was composed.

Results: The selected publications were placed in 3 thematic categories: The importance of knowledge in nursing care, to the internal NB in ​​NICU; Nursing evaluation and care used for pain relief in NB; Main factors and adverse events that may lead to the hospitalization of the newborn and the increase of morbidity and mortality in an NICU.

Conclusion: The analysis of the aforementioned study exposes the importance and main nursing care that can be administered in newborns in a NICU, so that the reduction of neonatal mortality can be provided.

Descriptors: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; Nursing care; Newborn.
Habitability Properties of Circumbinary Planets
Authors: Shevchenko Ivan I.
Published: June 2017

It is shown that several habitability conditions (in fact, at least seven such conditions) appear to be fulfilled automatically by circumbinary planets of main-sequence stars (CBP-MS), whereas on Earth, these conditions are fulfilled only by chance. Therefore, it looks natural that most of the production of replicating biopolymers in the Galaxy is concentrated on particular classes of CBP-MS, and life on Earth is an outlier, in this sense. In this scenario, Lathe’s mechanism for the tidal “chain reaction” abiogenesis on Earth is favored as generic for CBP-MS, due to photo-tidal synchronization inherent to them. Problems with this scenario are discussed in detail.
Decreasing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Neurological Intensive Care Unit: One Unit’s Success
Authors: Richards Brenda , Sebastian Bindhu , Sullivan Hillary , Reyes Rosemarie , D’Agostino John F. , Hagerty Thomas
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections are preventable adverse outcomes that increase hospital morbidity, mortality, and costs. These infections are particularly prevalent in intensive care units.

OBJECTIVES

To describe the success of an 18-bed neurological intensive care unit in using several nurse-implemented strategies that reduced the number of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

METHODS

A prospective, interventional design with application of evidence-based practices to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections was used.

RESULTS

Before implementation of the strategies, 40 catheter-associated urinary tract infections were reported for 2012 and 38 for 2013. The standardized infection ratio was 2.04 for 2012 (95% CI, 1.456–2.775) and 2.34 (95% CI, 1.522–3.312) for 2013. After implementation of the strategies, significantly fewer catheter-associated urinary tract infections were reported. In 2014, a total of 15 infections were reported, and the standardized infection ratio was less than 1.0 (95% CI, 0.685–1.900).

CONCLUSIONS

Application of current evidence-based practices resulted in a substantial decrease in the number of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and a lower standardized infection ratio. These findings support current recommendations for “bundling” to maximize outcomes.
Invasive Aspergillosis with Disseminated Skin Involvement in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Rare Case
Authors: Mert Duygu , Iskender Gülşen , Duygu Fazilet , Merdin Alparslan , Dal Mehmet Sinan , Doğan Mehmet , Tekgündüz Emre , Ertek Mustafa , Altuntaş Fevzi
Published: June 2017

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is most commonly seen in immunocompromised patients. Besides, skin lesions may also develop due to invasive aspergillosis in those patients. A 49-year-old male patient was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. The patient developed bullous and zosteriform lesions on the skin after the 21st day of hospitalization. The skin biopsy showed hyphae. Disseminated skin aspergillosis was diagnosed to the patient. Voricanazole treatment was initiated. The patient was discharged once the lesions started to disappear.
Die gebruik van die sweedse skaal by die keuring van verpleegkunde studente aan die randse Afrikaanse Universiteit
Authors: Basson Annali , Botes Annatjie
Published: June 2017

Students applying to follow the B. Cur. degree at the Rand Afrikaans University are subjected to a selection process. In spite o f the selection process the drop-out rate is high. An attempt is being made to evaluate the present academic selection process. The amended Smeltzer method is used as a point o f departure to correlate with the model proposed by the University administration. The academic predictions are implemented on the Swedish formula and a cut-off point is obtained according to a sliding scale proposed fo r academic selection. With the abovementioned two methods it appears that the selected population has the most successful academic results if the cut-off point o f the amended Smeltzer method and the Swedish formula is 60 and 15 respectively.
Standaarde vir die maak van ’n gemeenskapsdiagnose
Authors: Viljoen Marlene J. , Muller Marie E. , Uys Leana R.
Published: June 2017

Standards for the making o f a community diagnosis were formulated and validated on a national basis. These standards can be utilised by the community health nurse to improve the quality o f community diagnoses. The quality o f community diagnosis by community health nurses, was analysed by means o f a retrospective audit. Incomplete diagnosis were observed in the compilation o f a community profile and data resources were inadequately utilised. Important health indicators were not taken into account during the interpretation of data and planning strategies were incomplete. It appears as if the community health nurse tends to pay more attention to data that is readily available or can be utilised fo r quick results in his/her community planning.
Ontleding van die Kerksaak van Trichardtsfontein 1893
Authors: Botha S. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Antwoord aan veritas op syn open brief aan zyne vrienden in de Transvaal
Authors: Van der Hoff D.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Christusverkondiging en die Ou Testament
Authors: Oberholzer J. P.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Die Werk van die Predikant
Authors: De Wet J. I.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Rondom die Apostolaat van die Kerk
Authors: Smit J. D.H. , Koekemoer P. J.T. , Van Niekerk C. S.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Vyftig Jaar Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk in Oos-Afrika
Authors: Mans C. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Van Zyl F. J. , Pont A. D.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Die kontekstuele funksie van Hebreërs 13:8
Authors: Van Zyl H.C.
Published: June 2017

The contextual function of Hebrews 13:8. In this article the contextual function of Hebrews 13:8 is investigated. This verse is rather enigmatic as regards its meaning and contextual function. Scholars usually find that verse 8 combines with the immediately preceding and following verses, that is, verses 7 and 9, but the rest of the chapter is seldom brought into play. This article attempts to address this deficiency. It is proposed that verse 8 plays the following role in Chapter 13: It supports the teaching and life of the spiritual leaders, counteracts false teachings, provides stability for the readers’ pilgrimage in this life, and serves as the Christological basis of the community’s worship.
Can the private nature reserves contribute to the conservation of southern African wildlife?
Authors: Le Roux P.J.
Published: June 2017

The basic quesiion to which I apply myself in this paper is: Can a private nature reserve make a worthwhile contribution to the national conservation effort? To my mind, and I must emphasize from the start that the views expressed in this paper are wholly my own and not the official view of any conservation authority, the answer can at best be a severely qualified affirmative. Affirmative, because of the fact that any positive step.
Advances in nature conservation in Lesotho
Authors: Phillips R.
Published: June 2017

Lesotho is an independent enclave within the Republic of South Africa. It is roughly the size of Belgium and has a population of approximately one million. Prior to independence (4 October 1966) no official action had been taken toward nature conservation. Priority had been given to rural development schemes, improvement of agricultural practices, and to urban and industrial development.
Conservation education on the academic level in southern Africa
Authors: Bothma J. Du P
Published: June 2017

Conservation in some form, albeit dormant at times, has probably been with man for many centuries. Yet wildlife conservation as a science is a relatively new concept, which basically originated in the United States of America (USA). That country also led the world in developing conservation education. This lead was followed by most progressive countries, although the nature of conservation and its related educational processes has been adopted to the attitudes and needs of individual countries.
Deep sea fisheries - implications in conservation
Authors: Botha L.
Published: June 2017

I stand before you as what I would reluctantly like to call a crisis conservationist. In marine fisheries conservation we are exposed to the full blast of human greed. Dr Hey has referred to the unfortunate human attitudes to nature conservation. I fully share his concern. Fisheries conservation finds itself in the unenviable position of having largely to apply conservation principles to species which are more often than not in advanced stages of commercial exploitation. In this situation ethics, aesthetics and science cuts little or no ice with decision-makers. The only language which they understand is economics. Unfortunately fisheries conservation has also been hampered by the well-meant but thoroughly unscientific efforts of certain lay so-called "conservation societies". Through their admirable but purely humanistic approach to conservation, they have antagonized economically-orientated decision-makers and thereby unfortunately harmed the cause of conservation.
Autobiographical turning points: Remembering and forgetting
Authors: Sheringham Michael
Published: June 2017

The autobiographical process involves not just reporting on past events, reconstructing one’s life history, but replaying events in different voices and modes. It may be that the autobiographer is motivated by the desire to impose one version of her or his life and to scotch the others. Even then, however, other versions, the ones under erasure, often show through the fabric – the fabrication – and we detect their traces in the turns of the rhetoric. Thus, in autobiography, the real agenda is often underneath, either because a less official motive lurks behind the manifest ones or because what really drives the project of selfscrutiny is something only progressively revealed in the process of writing. This issue takes into consideration the structuring implications of turning points in the account of a life and the roles of the converse forces of forgetting and subjective destabilisation. There are two ways of looking at turning points: either as causative agents of order and coherence or as metaphors – as provisional, semi-fictional, forensic, cognitive instruments. In the latter case, they belong to an active, performative, conjectural, self-revising process, and they complement a version of autobiographical memory that involves a constant interplay of remembering and forgetting.
'Differential poverty rates are responsible for the racial differentials in HIV prevalence in South Africa'; an enduring and dangerous epidemiological urban legend?
Authors: Kenyon Chris
Published: June 2017

It is widely held to be axiomatic in South African epidemiological and social science circles that it is not worth comparing the risk factors underpinning the dramatic differences in HIV spread in South Africa’s racial groups, as these are all explained by corresponding differences in socio-economic status. The available evidence, however, suggests that HIV is not simply contoured along lines of socio-economic deprivation; rather, other – largely culturally determined – factors such as the practice and acceptance of multiple concurrent sexual partnerships play a key role. Comparison of sexual behaviours between South Africa’s different races supports the likelihood that cultural and not socio-economic factors are the mediators of differential racial HIV spread. Finally, it is argued that the failure of many South African experts in the study of HIV to consider race as a valid variable for analysis, and allied to this their continued exaggeration of the importance of socio-economic rather than cultural factors, has contributed to the relative failure of our national AIDS strategy.
A rare phenomenon of atypical lipodystrophy in a patient on HAART in the absence of a protease inhibitor regimen
Authors: Mitha Mohammed , Cupido Gordon , Taljaard Jantjie
Published: June 2017

Lipodystrophy is a complication of patients on antiretroviral (ARV) medication; however, it is commonest in patients on long-term treatment and those on protease inhibitor (PI) regimens.1,2 We present a rare case of atypical lipodystrophy, presenting as multiple subcutaneous lipomas, in a patient who had been on a non-PI ART regimen for 6 weeks.
Pneumocystis jirovecii infection of the external auditory canal
Authors: Samuel Catherine Mary , Maistry Sairita , Meyer Estie , Whitelaw Andrew
Published: June 2017

Pneumocystis jirovecii is well known to cause interstitial plasma cell pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. It has been implicated as a rare cause of infections in other anatomical sites. We report a rare case of P. jirovecii infection of the external auditory canal. This was the first manifestation of a previously unknown HIV infection.
Treating depression in HIV-positive patients affects adherence
Authors: Moosa M Y H , Jeenah F Y
Published: June 2017

Aim. To determine changes in adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive patients with depression, following treatment with an antidepressant or psychotherapy.

Methods. The study was prospective, randomised and controlled. Consenting volunteers aged ≥18 years and stable on ART for ≥6 months were included in the study. Sociodemographic data were obtained, and a clinical diagnostic evaluation and the Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAMD) were performed on all subjects at entry to and at the end of the study. Participants found to be depressed were randomly assigned antidepressant treatment (20 mg citalopram) or interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) (5 sessions). Medication was dispensed at each visit and patients were asked to return all unused medication to determine ART adherence. The study was approved by the University of the Witwatersrand.

Results. Sixty-two HIV-positive persons receiving ART participated; 30 were not depressed (control group) and 32 were depressed (patient group). No significant differences in demographic characteristics existed between the control and patient groups. Mean ART adherence at the start of the study was 99.5% (standard error (SE) ±0.46) and 92.1% (SE ±1.69) in the control and patients groups, respectively. Mean ART adherence at the end of the study changed marginally in the control group (99.7%; SE ±0.46) and increased significantly in the patient group (99.5%; SE± 0.13) (p>0.05). The mean ART adherence rate of patients who received pharmacotherapy increased from 92.8% to 99.5%, and of those who received psychotherapy increased from 91.1% to 99.6% (p>0.05). There was no significant association between the increased adherence in the patient group and baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, irrespective of antidepressant therapy or IPT (p>0.05).

Conclusion. Successful treatment of depression with an antidepressant or psychotherapy was associated with improved ART adherence, independent of the type of treatment and sociodemographic factors. It is necessary to identify HIV-positive patients at risk of depression, to initiate antidepressant treatment which may prevent ART non-adherence, and subsequent disease progression and increased morbidity.
HIV and the urban homeless in Johannesburg
Authors: Lohrmann G M , Botha B , Violari A , Gray G E
Published: June 2017

Background. There are few data on HIV prevalence and risk factors among inner-city homeless and marginally housed individuals in South Africa.

Methods. We recruited 136 adults from a Johannesburg inner-city homeless clinic; mean age was 32.4 years, 129 (95%) were male, and 90 (66%) were of South African nationality. Participants were tested for HIV and answered a short demographic survey. Descriptive statistics and uni- and multivariate regression analyses were used for data analysis.

Results. The HIV prevalence in the cohort was 23.5%. Transactional sex, relationship status, number of concurrent sexual partners, condom usage and history of previously treated sexually transmitted infections (STIs), living on the street, the use of alcohol or drugs, and previous exposure to voluntary counselling and testing (VCT), were not significant risk factors for HIV-positivity. Statistically significant HIV risk factors on multivariate analysis included the presence of an STI (odds ratio (OR) 5.6; p
Psychotropic prescribing in HIV
Authors: Reid E , Orrell C , Stoloff K , Joska J
Published: June 2017

Psychiatric disorders frequently co-occur with HIV, as preceding conditions or consequent to HIV infection. This potentially compromises HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral (ARV) treatment adherence. We provide a brief guide to the diagnosis and treatment of common mental disorders in people living with HIV/AIDS, including: prescribing psychotropics in HIV; neuropsychiatric side-effects of ARVs and other medications commonly prescribed in HIV; and the diagnosis and treatment of depression, anxiety, psychosis, agitation, sleep disturbance, pain, and mania. Psychotropic treatments recommended were drawn primarily from those available in the public sector of South Africa.
Varicella zoster virus infection causing urinary retention in a child with HIV infection
Authors: Wessels G S , Heyns C F
Published: June 2017

An 11-year-old boy receiving antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection and antibacterial therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis presented with urinary retention due to varicella zoster virus infection involving the sacral nerves, confirmed on serological testing. The perineum over dermatomes S2 - S4 on the left was involved with a vesicular and superficially erosive rash. A transurethral catheter was inserted and the patient was treated with acyclovir (300 mg 6-hourly for 5 days). At follow-up 4 weeks later, the perineal skin lesions had healed, the catheter was removed and the patient was able to pass urine.
Stavudine dosage reduction: Effect on symptomatic hyperlactataemia and lactic acidosis in patients at Dr George Mukhari Hospital, Pretoria
Authors: Nlooto M , Osuch E , Du Plooy W
Published: June 2017

A range of studies have demonstrated that symptomatic hyperlactataemia and lactic acidosis are associated with antiretroviral combinations containing stavudine. Following a meta-analysis showing that lower doses of stavudine are safer and as effective, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a statement that only a low dose of stavudine (30 mg) should be used.

We performed a retrospective review of the records of 86 patients (aged 27 - 59 years) initiated on 30 mg or 40 mg stavudine-containing antiretroviral therapy regimens between 2004 and 2006 at the adult HIV clinic at Dr George Mukhari Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa.

Our analysis demonstrated that stavudine dose reduction increased the odds of patients being more stable on treatment with fewer reported side-effects. Stavudine-containing regimens should be avoided in obese female patients. Low-dose stavudine (20 mg) may offer alternative solutions in poor or resource-limited settings, with a lower associated risk of toxicity and side-effects; however, virological non-inferiority to the first-line treatment option should be established.
Closer to zero: Reflections on ten years of ART rollout
Authors: Moorhouse Michelle
Published: June 2017

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Ten years of ART in South Africa – how far we have come
Authors: Serenata Celicia M
Published: June 2017

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Reflections on six years in paediatric ART
Authors: Moore Hazel Ann
Published: June 2017

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Safety of the surgeon: ‘Double-gloving’ during surgical procedures
Authors: Arowolo O. A. , Agbakwuru E. A. , Obonna G. C. , Onyia C. U. , Akinkuolie A. A. , Olaogun J. G.
Published: June 2017

Background. In the face of increasing HIV/AIDS prevalence in subSaharan Africa, we evaluate the effectiveness of ‘double-gloving’ during surgery as a means of protecting the surgeon operating on patients with a known or unknown HIV status.Methods. A prospective study was conducted to determine the rate of glove puncture and intraoperative injury in categories of patients with known positive, known negative or unknown HIV status.Results. The surgeon and the first assistant double-gloved in all the 1 050 procedures performed between 2009 and 2013, and a total of 8 400 surgical gloves were used. Sixty-nine patients (6.6%) were HIV-positive, 29 patients (2.8%) were HIV-negative, and the HIV status was unknown for the remaining 952 patients (90.7%). The overall glove puncture rate in the study was 14.5%. The glove puncture rate was 0%, 31% and 15% for HIV-positive, HIV-negative and HIV status unknown, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant. The mean operating time in the group with glove punctures was 148 min (95% confidence interval (CI) 135 - 161), while mean operating time in the group without glove puncture was 88 min (95% CI 84 - 92). Conclusion. Double-gloving offers protection against intraoperative injury. Knowing the HIV status of the patient offers additional protection to the operating surgeon. While we recommend routine double-gloving for surgeons working in HIV-prevalent patient populations, we also advocate for the routine screening for HIV in all surgical patients.
Something to offer
Authors: Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
HIV counselling
Authors: Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Provision of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings - A review up to August 2003
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Pricing life: debating the issue. Western Cape Branch Meeting, February 2004
Authors: Andrews Steve , Keegan Marilyn
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Your patient and confidentiality: A practical approach
Authors: Rautenbach P. G.D.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Should we be initiating antiretroviral therapy earlier?
Authors: Wood Robin
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Telling stories to change the country - a combined effort by the HIV Clinicials Society and Soul City
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Tribute - Dr Dave Spencer
Authors: Martin Des
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Debate: HIV testing and ARV prophylaxis for newborns without their mothers' consent
Authors: Chersich Matthew , Richter Marlise
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Effect of a telephonic intervention on the adherence of patients
Authors: Stewart A. V.
Published: June 2017

The effectiveness of a telephonic intervention in increasingpatients’ adherence to a health behaviour modification programme was tested. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups, the Experimental group receiving the telephonic intervention. Patients in the Experimental group showed greater adherence to the programme than the Control group (p=0.007). Their knowledge of hypertension improved (p=0.001) and was better than the control group (p=0.03), their exercise capacity improved (p=0.003) but not significantly more than the control group (p=0.09). They had a greater reduction in weight (p=0.004) which was significantly different from the Control group (p= 0.03). They were significantly less tired than the Control group (p=0.008). The Experimental group showed a reduction inthe number of patients with headaches (p=0.05) and dizziness (p=0.001). These changes were significant within the Experimental group but not between the two groups. The self reported risk factor modification revealed that more patients in the Experimental group could control their stress (p=0.05); more were controlling their salt intake (p=0.02) and more knew and were adhering to their medication regime (p=0.05). Both groups showed small reductions in blood pressure. The telephonic intervention involving the support of a health-care practitioner and a family member appeared to be effective in changing aspects of health behaviour.
Statistical results of an analysis of the physiotherapy departments in the Johannesburg hospital
Authors: Steenkamp H. , Warren D. , Kruger P. , Boghosi G. , Semple F.
Published: June 2017

The health services environment in South Africa has changeddramatically during the past five years especially for state-funded hospitals in the public sector. At the Johannesburg Hospital the admission of chronic patients has increased considerably over the past five years, thus increasing the workload for the physiotherapists. In spite of the increased workload of physiotherapists the staff complement of the Physiotherapy Department has decreased from forty-one to eighteen staff members due to severe budget constraints. The radical cuts to the staffing structure prompted this investigation. This article describes the results obtained from statistical analyses of time sheets completed by the staff over a six-month period to determine whether the staff complement was adequate.The approach followed with the statistical analysis was to use confidence intervals to compare the standard treatment times with the actual treatment times.  Hypothesis testing was used to determine whether it would be possible to standardise treatment times for similar treatments in different treatment areas.  The required capacity was calculated based on the amount of time spent on direct patient care by the physiotherapists during the six-month period.
Research and the physiotherapy profession in South Africa - reflections on a pilot study
Authors: Mothabang D. J.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to present a perspective on Physiotherapy Research in South Africa, reflecting on results from a pilot study. Articles published in the South African Journal of Physiotherapy during the year 2002 constituted the sample for analysis. Of the 25 articles published, 17 were by South African Physiotherapists, with 11 coming from academics. Sixteen of the 25 articles (60 %) were ‘research articles’ - suggesting a satisfactory level of research in the profession. However, the type and quality of research is questionable in terms of relevance and addressing the needs of our country. Professional issues emanating from the findings and their implications for physiotherapy are discussed. Major conclusions cannot be drawn from this pilot study due to the small sample and nature of the study. The paper also presents a proposed framework for a national strategy for physiotherapy research in South Africa, which will be verified through the main study and adapted accordingly.
Are physiotherapy graduates adequately prepared to to manage hiv/aids patients
Authors: Puckree T. , Chetty B. J. , Govender V. , Ramparsad S. , Lin J.
Published: June 2017

Physiotherapy learners treat patients with Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). There is no available published research on physiotherapy learners' opinions about how the South Afican physiotherapy undergraduate program is  helping them cope with HIV/AIDS patients. This study determines whether the physiotherapy degree offered at South African Universities, adequately prepares learners to cope with HIV/AIDS patients. Differences in knowledge and attitudes of physiotherapy learners regarding HIV/AIDS, amongst  universities is also explored. Two hundred and two senior physiotherapy learners from eight South African universities returned their  questionnaires and 55% of these were viable for analysis. A large portion (79%) of learners indicated that the physiotherapy undergraduate degree did not adequately prepare them to cope with HIV/AIDS patients. Learners' knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS differed significantly (41% to 73%)  amongst universities. Formal lectures on HIV/AIDS significantly affected knowledge (0% -100%) but not attitude towards patients. The role of the physiotherapist, precautions, transmission modes, syndrome stages, counseling and clinical skills were considered critical in the management of HIV/AIDS patients.
The use of portfolios for continuing assessment of physiotherapy students in clinical practice settings
Authors: Naidoo N.
Published: June 2017

Many and varied methods of assessment are used to evaluate undergraduate physiotherapy students. Different modes of assessment occur as a result of contrasting educational theories and because the purpose of assessment is variable. In this era of performance assessment related to  the students’ mastery of the core curriculum, portfolios can enhance the assessment process by revealing a range of skills and understandings. This fits snugly into the physiotherapy curriculum for undergraduate continuous assessment purposes. Portfolio assessment can facilitate more reflection on students’ learning, more ownership of learning and more awareness of self-development. This supports the South African Qualifications Authority’s objective for higher education of reflection and life-long learning in our students. This article presents discussion on the use of portfolios in physiotherapy student learning and assessment in clinical practice.
Greetings from the editor
Authors: Eales C. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available
Physiotherapy in the management of non-communicable diseases: facing the challenge
Authors: Frantz J. M.
Published: June 2017

There is mounting evidence of the rising incidence and prevalence of non-communicable diseases in developing countries. Governments are facing serious challenges in health care due to the rising trends in non-communicable diseases as a result of demographic and epidemiological changes, as well as economic globalization. Cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes, respiratory disease, obesity andother non-communicable conditions now account for 59 percent of the 56.5 million global deaths annually, and almost half, or 46 percent, of the global burden of disease. It is estimated that by 2020, non-communicable diseases will account for 60% of the global burden of disease. The burden of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa is already substantial, and patients with these conditions make significant demands on health resources. How do these changes affect physiotherapists? This paper aims to highlight the need for physiotherapists to shift their focus from curative to preventive care in order to face the challenge of non-communicable diseases.
Paediatric hiv in south africa: an overview for physiotherapists
Authors: Potterton J. , Van Aswegen H.
Published: June 2017

Paediatric HIV is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in South African children. Physiotherapists working in the government sector are seeing large numbers of HIV infected children on a daily basis. This paper provides a general overview of paediatric HIV. Common conditions associated with HIV infection are highlighted and the possible role of physiotherapy is discussed. Suggestions for research on the role of physiotherapy in the management of children with HIV are made.
Intergrating injury screening with measurement and monitoring: a conceptual approach using a patient global assessment of the body and limbs scale
Authors: Gabel P. , Bardin L. , Burkett B. , Neller A.
Published: June 2017

Purpose: To  develop a conceptual model for patients withmusculoskeletal injuries that relates Injury Screening to Measurement and Monitoring (ISMAM). Screening scores would predict quantifiable outcomes on a proposed Global Assessment of Body And Limbs (GABAL) composite scale.  The scale would define status as a percentage of pre-injury capacity using quantitative and qualitative self report outcome measures combined with work and life status data. Background: Screening questionnaires use psychosocial yellow flags and activity limitation to identify potential chronic patients. Outcome measures provide clinical evidence by establishing patient status and assessing intervening change.  Independently developed,definitive statistical links between these established concepts are yet to be determined. Description: The ISMAM components are integrated using a graph of time versus score on the GABAL-scale with initial screening predicting recovery time to a designated pre-injury percentage level.  Actual status would be assessed through initial then subsequent sequential measurements with GABAL-scale scores enabling trendline analysis to  verify if the rate of actual recovery coincides with that predicted by screening. Observations: Face and content validity are apparent because validated screening tools are available and the requiredcomponents for the GABAL-scale would be existing validated outcome measures and quantifiable data.Conclusions: This model should provide a practical method of integrating screening and global measurement thatfacilitates communication across agencies and professions.  A clinical research trial to validate the ISMAM concepthas been initiated.
Health education needs among individuals with low back pain
Authors: Nyagah Julius Ng'uurah
Published: June 2017

Lack of positive results from many of the health-education programmes for patients with low-back pain (LBP) is possibly due to the type of health information that may have been presented and the method that had been used. The present study sought to explore health-education needs among individuals with LBP. A qualitative approach that utilised in-depth interviews and a focus-group discussion was used. Data was drawn from ten participants attending physiotherapy treatment due to a non-specific LBP at the Nairobi Hospital Rehabilitation Unit, using purposive sampling. A thematic analysis procedure was used to analyse the data.  The study found the participants’ health education needs to be incongruent with the medical professionals’ assumptions of what the patients’ health education needs were. Deficiencies in explanation of the cause, diagnosis, prognosis, and the appropriate use of health services were found. The findings suggest that a more encompassing model of health education was believed to be more fitting. Since the findings indicate that the individuals with LBP require health education on various aspects, a Rehabilitative Model of health education was probably more pertinent to the individuals. That way, a more encompassing, all-inclusive model of health education would cover on the aspects that were currently neglected.
The The abdominal muscles – a functional review
Authors: Puckree T.
Published: June 2017

The role of the abdominal muscles in human function as wellas their physiological mechanisms for these has been the subject of an increasing volume of reported research for more than 20 years. The abdominal muscles participate in a wide range of diverse functional tasks.These include breathing, postural stability, expulsive maneuvers and speech control.  To perform these functions effectively and often concurrently, based on demand, the muscles are anatomically, physiologically and biochemical suited. The idea that the abdominal muscles function as a unit  has been dispelled by many scientific reports. It is now known that they function differentially as individual muscles and also differentially at the motor unit level. Regional differences in the activation patterns of these muscles are also known. In addition the motor units within muscles are functionally organized to either subserve a specific function or more than one function. Knowledge of the functional organization of the abdominal muscles is critical to any rehabilitation process especially since rehabilitation is holistic and strives to achieve functional goals. This functional review is based on current scientific evidence for the multi functionality of all abdominal muscles. Literature based on animal studies  has been excluded as far as is possible.
Effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) on hormones profile in subjects with primary dysmenorrhoea - a preliminary study
Authors: Akinbo S. R. A. , Tella B. A. , Olisah A. J. , Ajayi G. O. , Alamu D. , Oshundiya B.
Published: June 2017

Background & Objective: Primary dysmenorrhoea (PD) is definedas the occurrence of painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin which occurs in the absence of any underlying disease. The pathogenesis is unclear, but uterine hyperactivity, elevated prostaglandin and leukotrienes levels, and hormonal level fluctuations have all been implicated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TENS on the hormones cortisol and prolactin in individuals with PD.Methods: Plasma levels of cortisol and prolactin were studied in twenty-one (21) subjects with PD by obtaining blood samples from each subject pre-and post-TENS therapy on the first day of menstruation. The mean age of subjects was 23 (+ 2) years.  The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the pre-and post-treatment pain intensity.  The TENS unit was applied for a duration of 30 minutes.Results: A paired t-test showed that there was an overall reduction in the mean cortisol and prolactin from  pre treatment values of 28.45µg/dl ((5.27) and 56.81ng/ml ((31.86) to post treatment values of 27.33µg/dl ((5.13) and 53.23ng/ml ((37.63) respectively. However, these differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05).  Pain intensity was significantly reduced comparing pre and post treatment VAS scores (P = 0.001).Conclusion: The probable mechanism by which TENS effected alterations in cortisol and prolactin levels and pain reduction in subjects with PD might be through the opioid-modulating analgesia system, which releases B-endorphins and other endogenous opiates in response to pain.  This is because there is a close relationship between B-endorphin, cortisol and neurons, which secrete dopamine into the hypothalamic-pituitary-portal system.
High prevalence of urinary incontinence and poor knowledge of pelvic floor exercises among women in a health district in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Madombwe J.P. , Knight S.E.
Published: June 2017

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and health seeking behaviour of women with urinary incontinence andtheir knowledge of pelvic floor exercises, in a health district in KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study design was used. BetweenSeptember 2005 and November 2005, a questionnaire was administered to 99 womenaged 21 – 76 years at randomly selected from. Results: The study found that the prevalence of the urinary incontinence was 35% (95% Confidence Interval, 26 to 45).  The most common type of incontinencewas stress urinary incontinence, 63% (95% CI, 46 to 79).  Of the 99 women, 32%(95% CI, 23 to 42) had heard of pelvic floor muscle exercises, while only 18% (95%CI, 11 – 26) had actually carried out the intervention.  Of the 35 women with urinary incontinence, 26% had soughtprofessional help, the most common reason for seeking help being a worsening in condition.Conclusion: The prevalence of urinary incontinence in KwaZulu-Natal is high, knowledge of urinary incontinenceas a disease and its management, among both women and health service providers is poor.
How compliant are beverage employees to occupational health and safety regulations?
Authors: Chetty L. , Jelsma J. , Maart S.
Published: June 2017

This observational study was undertaken to identify thehealth and safety violations of employees at a specific beverage manufac-turing company.  A  site inspection and observation of all employees employedat this specific beverage company was conducted by the researcher over 2 days. Employees were observed for 12 hours per day with the morningshift on Day 1 and the afternoon shift on Day 2. A  sample of conveniencewas used in that every employee who was present on those days was included. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data set. There were a total of 212 employees and 332 behaviours observed during thisstudy period. Unsafe handling and behaviour was observed in 55% of observations. Incorrect manual lifting techniques was the most frequent health and safety violation observed. In the 48 manual lifting behaviours observed, correct practice was observed in only three cases.  It is clear thatmore healthcare education and practical training is required in the area of manual lifting techniques. It is clear that more practical training is required in the area of manual handling.
The profile of people reporting with low back pain to a resource poor clinic in Cape Town
Authors: Yates D.L. , Jelsma J.M. , Parker R.E.
Published: June 2017

In order to provide targeted information regarding understanding and  management  of  low  back  pain  (LBP),  it  is  necessary  to  understand  the life situation of patients. The objective of this study was to develop a profile of patients with LBP seeking care in an under-resourced area of Cape Town.The subjects were all patients attending a community health centre with a primary diagnosis of LBP. A self-designed questionnaire was used to gather relevant information such as BMI, smoking, physical activities at home and work and  potentially  stressful  life  events.  Questions  about  perceptions  of  LBP,  the role of health personnel, income and employment were included.  Subjects could also identify which information they would like to be given by their health care providers. Fifty  subjects  were  interviewed,  74%  were  female.  The  mean  ages  were  50.7  years  (SD  14.0)  and  54.1  years (SD  15.1)  for  males  and  females  respectively.  There  was  a  high  prevalence  of  smoking  and  obesity,  low  levels  of  education, and many reported high stress levels. There were a high percentage of manual workers and the nature of their activities could put them at risk for development and exacerbation of LBP. Few people knew what to expect with regard to the likely outcome of their pain and the majority identified the need for communication about the duration, prognosis, implications and management of LBP. Conclusion: A profile developed of the typical LBP patient in this community provided valuable information, which can be utilized to develop appropriate intervention strategies.
Undergraduate physiotherapy students’ knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for education
Authors: Steyl T.
Published: June 2017

Diabetes  mellitus  is  a  growing  public  health  concern  and its prevalence is  escalating  exponentially,  with  a  high  frequency  of morbidity, premature mortality, disability and loss of productivity.  Since health education has  become  an  important  part  of  medical  care physiotherapy  students  are potentially  well  suited  to  assist  with  the combat  of  this  disease.    The  study aimed  to  determine  the  knowledge of  diabetes  mellitus  and  its  risk  factors  of undergraduate physiotherapy students  in  the  Western  Cape.  The  study  incorporated  a  quantitative, cross-sectional design.  Three hundred and thirty eight (338) students completed the structured, self-administered questionnaire consisting of three sections, namely  socio-demographic information, diabetes mellitus risk factors and the validated 24-item diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (dKQ-24). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed  and the alpha level was set at p < 0.05.  overall, 60.7% of the study sample had adequate knowledge of diabetes mellitus (≥ 75% correct answers), while 32.5% and 6.8% had marginal (≥60 ≤ 74% correct answers) and inadequate knowledge (<59% correct answers) respectively. Seven of the nine diabetes mellitus risk factors could readily be identified by 89.7% of the participants.  Smoking (64.8%) and high blood pressure (69.0%) were not readily identified as common diabetes mellitus risk factors. Significant associations with diabetes risk factors were found for gender and year of study. The study has reinforced the need for continuous education of physiotherapy students regarding diabetes mellitus and its risk factors, as inadequate knowledge of diabetes mellitus could influence the effectiveness of patient education and therefore have dangerous consequences for the patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.
The effect of proprioceptive exercises on balance sedentary students
Authors: Reddy P. , Van Bever Donker R.R>J. , Wakelin J. , Sigamoney S. , Mkhize T. , Moodley S. , Mthuli N.
Published: June 2017

The increasin prevalence of sedentism in South Africa is a cause for concern, as it has been linked to the development of many health conditions and balance disturbances.
Chest physiotherapy and rebound exercise for sputum in patients co-infected with TB and HIV
Authors: Maharaj S. , Dunpath T.
Published: June 2017

Patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis find difficulty producing sputum for microscopy culture and sensitivity test.
The change in growth and development of a cold sensitive soybean genotype PAN809 after a long-term cold stress treatment
Authors: Scholtz R. , Smuts H. , Minnaar M. , Krüger Gert H.J. , De Beer Misha
Published: June 2017

Soybean is an important crop cultivated worldwide.Low night temperatures in South Africa can drop below 8°C and affect plant growth anddevelopment. A study was performed to evaluate the change and recovery in plant growth and development after prolonged chilling treatment in a chilling sensitive soybean genotype.
The in vitro effects of compound-X on growth, morphology, the induction of autophagy and apoptosis, as well as cell cycle progression in a cervical adenocarcinoma cell line
Authors: Marais S. , Mqoco T.V. , Stander B.A. , Prudent R. , Lafanechère L. , Joubert A.M.
Published: June 2017

It can be concluded that compound-X induced both autophagy and apoptosis as a means of celldeath in HeLa cells.