bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Approach to Determining Road Capacity
Authors: Tolkov A. V.
Published: January 2025

The objective of the study is to analyse capacity of a road which depends on many factors. The formula underlying the regulatory methodology for determining capacity relates the actual capacity to the maximum capacity through the final capacity reduction coefficient, consisting of the product of seventeen partial coefficients.

According to this methodology, it is recommended to use no more than six partial coefficients in calculations while defining a set of these partial coefficients for each specific case. And this is where the problem of choosing the most significant partial coefficients arises.

One of the central streets of the city of Vladimir, Gorky Street, was chosen as the object of study.

The objective was achieved with the observation method and experimental studies of intensity of vehicle traffic on the considered street.

Several cross-sections were selected along the length of the street for measuring traffic intensity and composition of traffic flow during rush hour. The parameter being determined is the final coefficient of reduction in road capacity. It was calculated for each lane in the cross-section area. Then, its values were averaged over even and odd sides of the street, as well as along the length of the entire street.

This work uses, as an example, due to the small number of cross-sections, geometric interpolation with a Lagrange polynomial. Next, the maximum interpolation error was determined, and graphs were drawn of the dependences of the experimental and interpolated curves of the final coefficient of reduction in road capacity for even and odd sides of the street, as well as along the length of the entire street. For practical purposes, it is necessary to choose an interpolation method that will provide the minimum error. Thus, having a mathematically described curve, it is possible to determine the value of the final capacity reduction coefficient for any cross-section of the street.

The work has resulted in development of a methodology for experimental determination of road capacity, which allows one to determine the final capacity reduction coefficient for a specific, already existing road.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Menyimak Video Melalui Media Wordwall“Open The Box” Peserta Didik X C SMAN 5 Kupang
Authors: Sudirman  , Burenia Merlin Novayanti Nepa
Published: January 2025

This research aims to improve students' critical thinking skills in listening to observation reports about certain cultural objects presented in video form. Based on the phenomena that occur, students are less critical in thinking and tend to look for shortcuts in critical thinking. The shortcut in question is that students prefer to describe the objects they observe according to the results of their research on online sites, so that the content and results of listening can be said to be different. The formulation of the problem in this research is how students' critical thinking capacity is when listening to videos. Learning is carried out using interactive media. The interactive media used is the wordwall application. The method used was classroom action research which lasted 2 cycles. This research began by testing the initial conditions, namely students' critical thinking abilities based on the results of watching videos. In cycle I it is related to the results of work in the listening process. The sample used was 36 students in class The research results obtained were that classical completion in the initial condition test of students' critical thinking ability only reached 11.11%, in cycle I critical thinking ability was 30.55% and in cycle II critical thinking ability was 80.55. Thus, classroom action research to improve students' critical thinking skills in listening using wordwall learning media was declared successful.
Efectos de la agricultura convencional en algunas formas del N en una toposecuencia de la Región Chaqueña, Argentina
Authors: Albanesi A. , Anriquez A. , Polo Sánchez A.
Published: January 2025

En la Región Chaqueña, la conversión de áreas naturales a cultivos anuales disminuye la materia orgánica del suelo, sobre todo su fracción nitrogenada. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: i) describir indicadores biológicos de la calidad de suelos, con énfasis en el estudio del nitrógeno, y ii) detectar y cuantificar procesos de degradación por cambio de uso de la tierra. La vegetación inicial (pastizal o bosque) y el relieve inciden en la distribución del nitrógeno en la toposecuencia (Planicie, Ladera y Depresión). El uso agrícola modifica las tasas de mineralización de N y el nitrógeno de la biomasa microbiana, en superficie. Laureasa disminuye por el cambio de uso y la topografía. El laboreo colabora en la distribución horizontal de formas lábiles del nitrógeno, con pérdidas para las áreas más altas, lo que constituye un riesgo de degradación.
Efecto del almacenamiento de la semilla de papa previo a la plantación semi-temprana y del momento de defoliación sobre los rendimientos de la plantación tardía en Córdoba (Argentina)
Authors: Quattrini M. M. , Saluzzo J. A. , Fontán H. M.
Published: January 2025

La producción de papa en la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) se realiza en dos épocas de cultivo: semi temprana (ST) y tardía (T). Esta última se caracteriza por la utilización de semillas fisiológicamente jóvenes, provenientes de la época anterior(ST), lo cual determina una emergencia lenta y bajos rendimientos. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la utilización de diferentes condiciones de almacenamiento del tubérculo semilla (cv Spunta) previo a la plantación ST y dos momentos de defoliación sobre distintos parámetros de crecimiento del cultivo y del rendimiento de papa en la plantación T. El trabajo se realizó en el cinturón verde de la ciudad de Córdoba. Se utilizaron distintas condiciones de almacenamiento del tubérculo semilla (40, 70, 110 y 140 días a 4°C y posteriormente a galpón) previo a la plantación ST, y dos momentos de de foliación (83 y 103 días desde plantación). Las condiciones de manipulación de la semilla con anterioridad a la plantación T modificaron la edad fisiológica del tubérculo, medida a través de la sumatoria térmica, y, por ende, afectó el número y peso fresco de brotes, emergencia, número de tallos y altura de planta.
Concentración de nitratos en pecíolos y rendimiento de los cultivares de papa Kennebec y Shepody en relación a la fertilización nitrogenada
Authors: Saluzzo J. A.
Published: January 2025

En cultivares de papa, la determinación del contenido de N en tejidos de la planta y en el suelo mejora la eficiencia de la fertilización con N, y permite lograr rendimientos y calidad óptimos. Este trabajo analiza el rendimiento y contenido de N en pecíolos de cultivares de papa en respuesta a la fertilización nitrogenada en el SE de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) para el ciclo 1995/96. Se emplearon tres dosis de N (0, 120 y 240 kg ha⁻¹) y dos cultivares (Kennebec y Shepody). La relación peso seco hoja:tallo y concentración de N en hojas fueron diferentes entre los cultivares. La respuesta del rendimiento total y de tubérculos >0,284 kg fue diferente entre dosis de N y entre cultivares. Los rendimientos máximos se alcanzaron con la dosis de 120 kg ha⁻¹, y se lograron cuando entre inicio de tuberización e inicio de crecimiento lineal del tubérculo hubo N-NO₃ entre 10 y 15 mg kg⁻¹ en el suelo; estos valores estuvieron asociados a 15.000 y 18.000 mg kg⁻¹ en los pecíolos para Kennebec y Shepody, respectivamente. Las concentraciones de N-NO₃ en pecíolos y en el suelo pueden ser utilizadas para ajustar las recomendaciones de fertilización nitrogenada
Discriminación de variedades de olivo a través del uso de caracteres morfológicos y de marcadores moleculares
Authors: Cavagnaro P. , Juárez J. , Bauza M. , Masuelli R. W.
Published: January 2025

En el mundo se conocen cerca de 2000 variedades de olivo (Olea europaea L). En Argentina, las variedades más cultivadas provienen de España e Italia, introducidas en ocasiones por inmigrantes europeos. La mayoría de las variedades introducidas mantuvieron su nombre original; sin embargo, existen dudas sobre las denominaciones de algunos genotipos. Con el fin de esclarecer posibles confusiones en las denominaciones de las variedades en Argentina, se procedió a la caracterización de las 10 variedades más cultivadas en Argentina a través del uso de caracteres del endocarpo y de marcadores moleculares. Mediante el análisis de 5 caracteres del endocarpo se pudo diferenciar 8 variedades de olivo, mientras que con 10 productos de amplificación RAPD, altamente reproducibles, fue posible discriminar cada una de las variedades ensayadas. Los patrones RAPD de 7 variedades de la Colección de Olivo del INTA-Junín fueron comparados con los patrones de las mismas variedades nominales procedentes del Banco de Germoplasma de Olivo de España. La variedad Manzanilla de Carmona fue la única que compartía el 100% de los marcadores con la muestra de España. Las restantes variedades compartieron menos del 90% de los marcadores
Influencia del ambiente de selección sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz (Zea mays L.) bajo estrés hídrico. Relaciones entre caracteres de plántula con el rendimiento a campo
Authors: Biasutti C. A. , Galiñanes V. A.
Published: January 2025

La identificación de caracteres que permitan seleccionar materiales potencialmente tolerantes al estrés hídrico en etapas tempranas del desarrollo de un cultivo, es un propósito importante para los mejoradores de plantas. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: determinar si la selección en maíz efectuada en ambientes altamente variables produjo una respuesta indirecta en la capacidad de germinar bajo estrés hídrico, e identificar las variables bajo estrés que estén asociadas con el rendimiento a campo. En condiciones controladas de laboratorio, se sembraron semillas de los diferentes ciclos de selección en agua destilada y en solución de polyetilenglicol 8000 (-1.5 MPa). Se midieron los siguientes caracteres: porcentaje de germinación bajo estrés, longitud del coleoptile, longitud raíz primaria, número de raíces secundarias, radio radical, peso fresco y seco de biomasa aérea y de biomasa radical, relación biomasa seca radical: biomasa seca aérea. La respuesta a la selección para rendimiento a campo bajo estrés no se correlaciona con las variables medidas a laboratorio. La selección natural puede haber explotado la mayor parte de la variabilidad genética positiva para los caracteres de plántula evaluados en este trabajo.
Influence of mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen on the growth and yield of white maize in Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Capa-Morocho Mirian , Macas-Camacho Erika , Ruilova Vinicio , Abad-Guamán Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

White maize is a staple food for Andean populations in Ecuador, particularly in rural and impoverished areas. This study aimed to assess the potential impact of mycorrhizae fungi and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of white maize in the Andean conditions of Loja, Ecuador. The field trial was conducted in Loja, Ecuador, using a completely randomized design arranged in a bifactorial scheme. The first factor involved the mycorrhizae inoculation, comprising three doses: 0 (control), 330 and 660 spores per plant of the mycorrhizal fungi. The second factor focused on nitrogen fertilizer, with three doses: 0 (control), 40 and 80 kg ha-1 of nitrogen applied throughout the crop cycle. The combination of mycorrhizal inoculation and nitrogen fertilization promoted plant height and stem diameter: the best results were attained when applying 330 spores per plant of mycorrhizae and 80 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. Independent nitrogen and mycorrhizal application significantly increased the cob number per plant, grain weight and yield, reaching a maximum of 9.9 t ha-1. Notably, mycorrhizae inoculation significantly increased grain nitrogen content by 7 % compared to the control, which suggests its potential to enhance the dietary quality and food security of the Andean population.
Molecular characterization and identification of olive genotypes (Olea europaea L.) from the NW region of the province of Córdoba, Argentina and determination of the intravarietal diversity of genotypes associated with the reference cultivars Arauco, Manzanilla and Arbequina
Authors: Costero Beatriz , Teich Ingrid , Taborda Ricardo Jorge , Torres Laura
Published: January 2025

Córdoba (Argentina) has 4,484 ha dedicated to olive cultivation. The orchards established in the last century were characterized by low planting density and heterogeneous varietal constitution with dubious names. To solve this problem, it is possible to use genetic markers that allow materials to be characterized and identified. The objectives of the work were: to characterize and identify, using microsatellites, local olive genotypes from the Department of Cruz del Eje and to determine the intravarietal diversity of plants called Arbequina, Arauco and Manzanilla varieties. Olive plants, selected for yield, fruit quality and/or good response to biotic and abiotic stress, were analyzed together with accessions from the Olive Collection of INTA Junín (Mendoza, Argentina) and the World Germplasm Bank (Córdoba, Spain) with known identity. The diversity of genotypes associated with the reference cultivars was determined with seventeen microsatellites. Six local genotypes were identified. The most polymorphic microsatellites were Gapu 103A and UDO43 and the least informative Gapu 71B and EMO 90. The Gapu 71B microsatellite differentiated Nevadillo Negro from the rest of the materials. The genotype called “Arauco Olly” presented the same genetic profile as the “Arauco Centenario” cultivar and the genotype locally called “21 Kg” was identified.
Model Prediksi Financial Distress: Manakah yang Lebih Akurat dan Sesuai dengan Opini Auditor?
Authors: Fikri Ahmad Faiz , Romadhon Fitri , Akbar Muhammad
Published: January 2025

The financial performance of property and real estate sector companies has decreased significantly due to the covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to empirically test several financial distress prediction models in accordance with the initial auditor's opinion report and then compare them with the actual state of the company. The sample of this research is real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2020. The data analysis method in this research is to measure the accuracy, precision, and error rate of the Altman Z-Score, Ohlson, Fulmer, Grover, and Zmijewski prediction models. The results of this research show that the Grover model predicts financial distress most accurately, which is 70% for 2019 and 62% for 2020. Meanwhile, the Zmijewski model predicts financial distress with the highest level of conformity, which is 96% for 2019 and 86% for 2020.
Reaksi Pasar Modal di Sektor Consumer Non Cyclical Sebelum dan Sesudah Diumumkan Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Prasetyo David , Murnisari Retno , Putra Iwan Setya
Published: January 2025

Consumer non-cyclical companies declined at the beginning of the year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Contextually, this research is to identify financial statement announcement events on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the non-cyclical consumer sector by conducting a study of informative financial statements to see whether this information affects decisions in stock trading around or outside the observation of financial statements, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of research is quantitative, using the analysis of expected return, abnormal return, trading volume activity, cumulative abnormal return, cumulative average trading volume activity and parametric and non-parametric methods. The results of this study indicate differences in capital market reactions around and outside the annual financial report issuance period. Furthermore, there are no differences in capital market reactions around and outside the yearly financial report issuance period in 2020, 2021, and 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic
Analisis Pendapatan Asli Daerah Melalui Kontribusi Pajak dan Retribusi Daerah dalam Meninjau Peraturan Daerah Pamekasan
Authors: Kamaroellah R. Agoes
Published: January 2025

The contribution of regional taxes and levies plays an essential role in the local government's development. The greater the original local government revenue, the greater the financing that the local government must issue to develop their region. This study aims to determine the size of the contribution of taxes collected by regions and local levies in increasing Original Local Government Revenue in the Pamekasan Regency from 2011 to 2017. This type of research was a quantitative descriptive study. Based on regional financial statistics, the results of local taxes and levies from 2011 to 2017 experienced fluctuating movements that impacted Original Local Government Revenue. It means that local taxes and levies contribute to increasing Original Local Government Revenue. On average, each year, the contribution of local taxes reached 13%, while for local levies, it reached 12% for Original Local Government Revenue. With this achievement, the Pamekasan district government can review regional provisions in the form of Local Government Regulation relating to the number of local tax rates and levies.
Implementasi Akad Bagi Hasil dan Peningkatan Pendapatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Nelayan Di Kecamatan Camplong Sampang
Authors: Musoffan Musoffan , Fahmi Ainul , Holis Moh.
Published: January 2025

The purpose  this study was to determine  cooperation system between the boss and the fishermen and the implementation of the sharing of fish catches carried out by the boss to the fishermen and the increase in fishermen's income in Camplong. The research approach with qualitative research and descriptive analysis and data collection using the interview method. The results of the study showed that the implementation of profit sharing for fishermen in Camplong carried out a cooperation agreement between the boat owner and the worker in. The implementation of the profit sharing separately, is none other than using an agreement that has been determined by Islamic law. Meanwhile, the increase in fishermen's income is also supported by side businesses carried out by fishermen's wives who also work by developing household industries such as fish drying, fish processing, fish smoking, and other types of micro businesses.
Netnographic Studies in the Implementation of Accounting Information Systems (SIA) in the Facebook Group Online Community "Learning Sharia Accounting"
Authors: Mauliyah Nur Ika , Efrina Liona , Jumaidi Lalu Takdir
Published: January 2025

The concept of Information Systems has evolved into specialized applications, including Accounting Information Systems (AIS) based on Sharia principles. Studies on Sharia Accounting Information Systems are expanding beyond corporate contexts, reaching online communities through social media platforms such as the Facebook group "Belajar Akuntansi Syariah." This study aims to explore the utilization of social media as a platform for sharing, exchanging, interpreting, and applying Sharia-based accounting information. Using a netnographic method within a constructivist paradigm, this research analyzes interactions among community members. The findings reveal that discussions in the "Belajar Akuntansi Syariah" group primarily focus on topics such as the code of ethics for Sharia accountants and auditors, participation in Sharia-themed seminars or workshops, professional development opportunities for Sharia accounting graduates, digital Islamic finance training programs, and recommendations for beginner-friendly Sharia accounting books. The group also serves as a hub for promoting seminars, sharing learning resources, and fostering professional networks. This study highlights the significant role of online communities in disseminating Islamic accounting knowledge. It recommends that government institutions and relevant stakeholders in Sharia AIS management recognize and support these digital interactions to enhance the development and accessibility of Sharia accounting education.
Dampak PSAK 71, 72, 73 di Perusahaan Multinasional
Authors: Kristin Dewi , Kurnia Deswita Mila , Yandari Aprilya Dwi
Published: January 2025

This research analyzes the impact. of implementing. PSAK 71, 72, and 73 on multinational companies. The background phenomenon is the harmonization of Indonesian accounting standards with IFRS, which affects the financial reporting of multinational companies. Thel aim lof thisl research isl to levaluate significant changesl lin financial reporting and company performance due to the implementation of these standards. Thel method lused is la qualitativel approach basedl onl literature studies of 30 related journals. The research results show that PSAK 71 increases the allowance for impairment losses by up to 50% and changes the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and profitability (ROA). PSAK 72 refines revenue recognition through a five-step model, increasing the transparency of financial statements. PSAK 73 requires capitalization of leased assets, which impacts capital structure and financial ratios. The main conclusion is that these standards increase the transparency, relevance and comparability of financial reports, but require significant adaptations in technology and corporate resources.
Influence Implementation Human Resource Management Against Power Sell Madura Batik Msmes Products
Authors: Fawaid Akh , Sudarmiatin Sudarmiatin , Rahayu Wening Patmi
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how human resource management (HR) adoption affects Madura Batik MSME product sales. Six out of the eighteen batik centres in Pamekasan were the sites of in-depth interviews with owners, managers, and staff of Batik MSMEs in Madura, using a qualitative descriptive research methodology. Thirty people made up the study's subjects: six batik MSMEs' owners, eight managers, and fifteen employees. To ascertain the successes of business development and assess the company, a SWOT analysis is required. The analysis's findings demonstrate that putting in place efficient HR management practices—like employee empowerment and training—helps firms adapt to changing market conditions and boosts output and quality of work. The effect is that the product's selling power will rise with optimal HR management implementation and vice versa.
ANIMAL’S PAWPRINTS ON THE BRICKS OF MEDZHYBIZH CASTLE
Authors:   Національний науково-природничий музей НАН України, Ступак Аліна , Вєтров Віктор ,   Національний науково-природничий музей НАН України, Барановський Антон ,   Державний історико-культурний заповідник «Межибіж»
Published: January 2025

Occasional marks on bricks or other architectonic composites, with their potential to unveil environmental conditions at the time of their formation, attract scientific attention. The object of our research is the pawprints on bricks, a discovery made during the archaeological excavations of the historically significant Medzhybizh Castle (also known as Medzhybizh Fortress), located in the village of Medzhybizh, Khmelnytskyi region, Ukraine. Brick, a popular building material, was continually used to construct palaces and residential and household objects of the Castle’s architectural ensemble. The studied collection of bricks, dating to the 15th-19th centuries, is the second most widespread material, after stone blocks, for constructing various elements of the Castle complex.
This study aims to identify the animal species responsible for the pawprints found and showcase the valuable informational potential of animal pawprints on bricks as an archaeological resource.
The findings of the study reveal that the imprints can be attributed to canines, felines, swine, even-toed ungulates, and domestic fowl (chickens). Animal tracks present on the brick blanks indirectly reflect the environmental elements. In the context of the brick materials utilized in the construction of Medzhybizh Castle, the animal imprints indicate the presence of animals associated with the proprietors of the brickyard or those from neighbouring households and farms. Animals could have unintentionally traversed the brick blanks while roaming freely, possibly attracted by the mineral components of the brick mortar. The dimensions of a dog’s pawprints enable an estimation of the size of certain individual dogs and their count. The small size of the hoofed mammal`s tracks suggests they belonged to young individuals, indicating the spring-summer season during which the brick blanks were created. The positioning of the tracks on the brick provides insights into the speed patterns of the animals’ movements on the blanks.
Therefore,the results of the pawprint study on bricks and other ancient ceramic products not only contribute to our understanding of the past but also have practical applications in the scientific and museological spheres, making this research highly relevant and its applications tangible.
THE FORMATION AND ACTIVITY OF THE UKRAINIAN AUTOCEPHALIC ORTHODOX CHURCH (1941–1944)
Authors:   Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А.С. Макаренка, Оліцький В’ячеслав , Рябуха Сергій ,   Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А.С. Макаренка
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the research is a comprehensive study of the process of formation, organisational development and activities of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) in the period 1941–1944, in particular, an analysis of the conditions of its restoration, its role in the spiritual life of the Ukrainian people, and its interaction with other religious and political structures. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific and special-historical research methods, including problem-chronological, historical-comparative, typological, diachronic, etc.
The scientific novelty lies in the generalisation of the studied aspects of the activities of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church under the conditions of Nazi occupation.
Conclusions. Thus, the attitude of the German occupation administration to the UAOC was constantly changing. At the beginning of the occupation, the Germans were quite loyal to the UAOC, allowing it to open churches, conduct church services in the Ukrainian language, and ordain new monks, and in fact, did not interfere with the activities of the church hierarchy. Later, this attitude changed dramatically; the Germans actually began to openly support the AOC, giving it churches that belonged to the UAOC in order to incite interfaith hostility. Many church figures were subjected to repressions because of their active public position, in particular, bishops Mstyslav (Skrypnyk) and Polycarp (Sikorsky). Many parishes belonging to the UAOC were closed or destroyed due to accusations of the occupation administration in supporting the OUN and UPA movements. Numerous instructions from the German occupation administration destroyed traditionally established church structures, limited religious life in Ukraine and put pressure on the clergy. Despite all the repressions and difficulties, the UPAC still continued its activities, actively helping the Ukrainian population by conducting church services, distributing humanitarian aid and providing shelter and necessary assistance to those in need. The UAOC in the period 1942–1943. actually became the centre of support and preservation of the national ideas of the Ukrainian people. The second formation of the UAOC not only demonstrated the desire of Ukrainians for church and political independence but also allowed the preservation of Ukrainian autocephaly in emigration, which in turn influenced the revival of the UAOC in Ukraine in the late 1980s.
THE PROBLEM OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE CHERNIGIV TEACHERS' SEMINARY AND THE LAND LIBERALISM OF THE NORTHERN LEFT-BANK (1870s)
Authors:   Чернігівський інститут інформації, бізнесу та права Міжнародного науково-технічного університету імені академіка Ю. Бугая, Котельницький Назар
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to illustrate the long-term evolution of the policy of zemstvo liberalism of the Northern Left Bank regarding the problems of the functioning of the Chernihiv Teachers' Seminary. Methodology of the work. In preparing the article, a general scientific (methods of synthesis and analysis, deduction and induction, generalization) and special-historical (critical, comparative-historical, problem-chronological methods, content analysis) research methodology was used, which generally ensured the achievement of the tasks set in the publication.
The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in Ukrainian historical science, the position of the zemstvo liberal party of northern Ukraine regarding the life and support of the Chernihiv Teachers' Seminary is considered.
Conclusions. The author came to the conclusion that the problem of the functioning and life of the Chernihiv Teachers' Seminary was the subject of constant attention of the region's zemstvo liberalism during the 1870s. Analysis of historical sources convincingly testifies to the fact of the long-term evolution of the opposition aristocratic front of the region in its attitude towards the educational institution. The watershed was the official request of the Ministry of Public Education to transfer the educational institution to the competence of the central department. An educational institution important for the Northern Left Bank became a victim of the ideological conflict between the central bureaucracy of the Russian Empire and the electoral system of the zemstvo self-government. Members of the opposition aristocratic front, not wanting to implement in practice and be responsible for the conservative educational policy of Russian absolutism, took a principled step and advocated the closure of the educational institution.
DIRECTOR OF THE SUMMY STATE PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE DMYTRO NUKALOV: STROKE TO THE BIOGRAPHY AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE DAY
Authors:   Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А.С. Макаренка, Кущ Ярослав , Семешин Едуард ,   Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А.С. Макаренка
Published: January 2025

Based on an extensive range of archival sources, the article reflects the biography of Dmytro Nukalov, a graduate and director of the Sumy State Pedagogical Institute. The study aims to comprehensively reconstruct the biography of D. Nukalov as an educator, scientist, and manager and outline promising directions for further research.
The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that D. Nukalovʼs life story has, for the first time, become the subject of an independent, comprehensive scientific investigation. Highlighting the life path of this figure is significant for studying the past of the Sumy region, particularly in the context of educational history.
The methodological basis of the study is the biographical method, utilizing the principles of scientific objectivity, historicism, and a combination of systemic and regional approaches aimed at a critical scientific analysis of a complex of historical sources.
Conclusions. The study of D. Nukalovʼs life path emphasizes the necessity of integrating his biography into the broader context of Soviet educational policy, political repression, and ideological pressure. This allows for a deeper understanding of the interaction between the individual and society under a totalitarian regime.
Analysis and introduction into circulation of a wide range of archival documents allowed us to sufficiently reconstruct the life and work of D. Nukalov. It was established that he spent most of his life (1931–1941, 1943–1954) working in Sumy, where he held prominent teaching, administrative, and party positions. Particular attention is given to his socio-political activities, scholarly pursuits, teaching at the Sumy Mechanical Engineering College (March 1934 – January 1939), and managing the Sumy State Pedagogical Institute (July 1940 – September 1941 and November 1944 – September 1948). In the general context of the biography, the contribution of D. Nukalov as the head of the institute to its development and functioning in the post-war period is determined. The primary cause of the destruction of his career and life has also been revealed.
EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE I.I. MECHNIKOV UNIVERSITY AND ITALY
Authors:   Одеський національний університет імені І.І. Мечникова, Сминтина Олена
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the article: to analyze the cooperation between Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University and Italian higher education institutions in the context of Ukraine's integration within the European Higher Education Area.
Research methodology: the research is based on the scientificity principle and general scientific research methods, such as analysis, synthesis, and periodization.
Scientific novelty: more than 15 years of Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University’s experience of cooperation with Italian higher education institutions in the context of the European integration of the Ukrainian higher education system have been researched and summarized.
Conclusions: the process of integration of European higher education, or the Bologna Process, is an integral part of European integration that began in the late 1990s. Ukraine joined it in 2005. Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University became one of the first universities in the country to join the implementation of the Bologna Charter in the educational process.
One of the main partners of the I.I. Mechnikov ONU in the European Union is Italy – a country connected with Odessa by ancient cultural and historical ties. In order to strengthen cooperation in this area within the university, in 2007 the G. Garibaldi Center of Italian History and Culture was established. The main priorities of the center's activities are: promoting the academic mobility of students and teaching staff; teaching the Italian language; organization of cultural, educational, and scientific events. The Center is not an isolated structure and interacts with the Embassy of Italy in Ukraine actively, as well as with the other cultural and scientific institutions, such as the Institute of Italian Culture in Ukraine and the Dante Alighieri Society. The results of the Center's activities have been recognized at the governmental and international levels on numerous occasions. The full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in 2022 significantly complicated the usual process of European integration of higher education, however, Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University, in a similar manner to other Ukrainian universities, managed to adapt to the challenges of wartime.
THE CRASH OF THE MH17 AIRCRAFT IS ONE OF THE FIRST VISIBLE MANIFESTATIONS OF RUSSIA’S ARMED AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE
Authors:   Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А.С. Макаренка, Крупеня Ірина
Published: January 2025

The aim of the work: to investigate the status of the investigation of the downing of the Malaysian plane flight MH17 in Donbas after 10 years from the day of the tragedy and to demonstrate that it was one of the first visible manifestations of russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine and the first manifestation of the unity of the civilized world against russia’s illegal behaviour.
The methodology of the study is based on the principles of scientificity, systematicity and objectivity with the use of general scientific methods: content analysis, event analysis, modelling, comparison, forecasting, structuring, systematicity and generalization.
The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it was analysed for the first time in Ukraine in scientific circles the statements of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, the statements of the President of Ukraine, the statements of the Government of the Netherlands, the reports of the investigative journalism community Bellingcat, the reports of the International Joint Investigative Group on the investigation of the plane crash, the decisions of the Public Prosecution Service of the Netherlands, the reports of the Dutch Safety Board, the judgment of the International Court of Justice of the UN, the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, experts’ comments, reports in the national and international media regarding the downing of the passenger plane Boeing 777 Malaysia Airlines flight МН17.
Conclusions. Based on the reports of the international investigation, it was established that the plane of flight MH17 was shot down by the russian-made Buk anti-aircraft missile system. It was emphasized that since July 17, 2014, the whole world understood what russian aggression really means and that terror knows no borders. It was established that this terrible event was the first manifestation of the unity of the civilized world against russia’s illegal behaviour and one of the first visible manifestations of russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine.
The main focus is on the importance of restoring justice for the families of the victims of the downing of flight MH17 and the inevitability of punishing russian military personnel and officials for violating the norms of international law. Russia must bear punishment under international law for inaction in the investigation and for not preventing the supply of money and weapons to illegal armed groups in the east of Ukraine, which were involved in the downing of the MH17 plane. Restoring justice and reparations to the victims is the only right way to preserve the rules-based international order and restore peace and stability to the world.
Evaluation of the InSightSeers and DART Boarders mission observer programmes
Authors: Fernando Benjamin , Newman Claire , Daubar Ingrid , Beghein Caroline , Chabot Nancy , Irving Jessica , Johnson Catherine , Panning Mark , Plesa Ana-Catalina , Rivkin Andrew , Smrekar Suzanne , Banerdt W Bruce
Published: January 2025

Encouraging diversity in planetary science requires making a particular effort to bring a broader range of people onto the mission teams that are the backbone of the field. Observer programmes, which offer early-career researchers the chance to embed within a mission team during a science meeting, are one way of doing this. Here we present a quantitative analysis of the effectiveness of two observer programmes: InSightSeers and DART Boarders, linked respectively to the InSight and the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) missions, using a mixture of one-group pre-test/post-test and one-group post-test only evaluation methods, with a total of 56 participants. We find substantial educational value added to participants from both programmes, with particular strengths being the effectiveness of these programmes at providing an introduction to mission teams and international collaborations. This work demonstrates that mission observer programmes can be an effective way of exposing early-career researchers to planetary science missions.
Formidable Facial Structures Inform Perceptions of Men’s Ability to Protect Offspring
Authors: Brown Mitch , Sacco Donald F. , Maxwell Nicholas P. , Eagan Lindsey , Young Steven G.
Published: January 2025

To identify men motivated and able to protect their offspring, selection could have favored perceptual acuity toward morphological features diagnostic of men’s formidability. One route through which formidability inferences emerge is facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR), a facial structure heuristically associated with physical prowess. We conducted four experiments across demographically diverse samples to determine how fWHR informs perceptions of men’s parental abilities and motives. Perceivers ascribed more effectiveness in protecting offspring in high-fWHR men (Study 1). Perceptions of their strength underpinned this ascription (Study 2). Inferences of men’s paternal ability tracked both configural and featural processing (Study 3) and expected motivations for protection (Study 4). Results contribute to a functional perspective of fWHR to understand inferences of the motivational costs and benefits in parenting in men.
Coupling quantum-like cognition with the neuronal networks within generalized probability theory
Authors: Khrennikov Andrei , Ozawa Masanao , Benninger Felix , Shor Oded
Published: January 2025

The past few years have seen a surge in the application of quantum theory methodologies and quantum-like modeling in fields such as cognition, psychology, and decision-making. Despite the success of this approach in explaining various psychological phenomena — such as order, conjunction, disjunction, and response replicability effects — there remains a potential dissatisfaction due to its lack of clear connection to neurophysiological processes in the brain. Currently, it remains a phenomenological approach.In this paper, we develop a quantum-like representation of networks of communicating neurons. This representation is not based on standard quantum theory but on {\it generalized probability theory} (GPT), with a focus on the operational measurement framework. Specifically, we use a version of GPT that relies on ordered linear state spaces rather than the traditional complex Hilbert spaces. A network of communicating neurons is modeled as a weighted directed graph, which is encoded by its weight matrix. The state space of these weight matrices is embedded within the GPT framework, incorporating effect-observables and state updates within the theory of measurement instruments — a critical aspect of this model. This GPT-based approach successfully reproduces key quantum-like effects, such as order, non-repeatability, and disjunction effects (commonly associated with decision interference). Moreover, this framework supports quantum-like modeling in medical diagnostics for neurological conditions such as depression and epilepsy.While this paper focuses primarily on cognition and neuronal networks, the proposed formalism and methodology can be directly applied to a wide range of biological and social networks.
Eyes wide open: Object-scene congruency and the pupillary response
Authors: Agrawal Annika , Nuthmann Antje
Published: January 2025

The pupil response has long been considered a robust marker of cognitive load. In the context of semantic processing, research has demonstrated that the pupil dilates in response to stimuli which violate contextual expectations (e.g. events presented out of chronological order). However, the scope of this relationship has yet to be fully elucidated. For example, incongruent object-scene relationships, while comprehensively explored by eye-tracking and electrophysiology research, have yet to be investigated via pupillometry. In this study, we measured pupil size in response to an object-scene congruency task. Participants were presented with a photorealistic background scene and instructed to fixate their gaze on a cued point within the scene. Upon recovery of pupil size to baseline, a congruent object (i.e. an object which fit into the overall meaning of the scene) or an incongruent object appeared at the cued fixation point for the remainder of each trial. We hypothesized that incongruent objects would result in greater mean pupil dilation from baseline than congruent objects, due to the increase in cognitive effort required for semantic processing of incongruent objects within a scene. Yet, in opposition to our hypothesis, the results of a time course analysis revealed that pupil size was significantly greater for the congruent condition than the incongruent condition. The resulting implications for understanding pupil dilation as a physiological marker for high-level cognitive processes such as semantic integration are discussed.
Investing in data sources and analysis that can discover complex determinants of dementia
Authors: Fletcher Jason
Published: January 2025

This note outlines a case that big data may complement other study designs to uncover new discoveries of determinants of Alzheimer's Disease and other important health outcomes. An example is provided.
Economic Uncertainty and Men’s Fertility: Analysing the 2010s Fertility Decline in Finland by Field of Education and Employment Characteristics
Authors: Hellstrand Julia , Nisén Jessica , Myrskylä Mikko
Published: January 2025

In the Nordic countries, the total fertility rate (TFR) fell sharply in the 2010s, and increasing disparities in childbearing outcomes across different levels and fields of education have been documented in previous research. However, the role of economic uncertainty in shaping these fertility trends is not well understood. This study examines the male fertility decline in Finland during the 2010s, focusing on how fertility levels and trends vary by field of education and the economic uncertainty associated with these fields. Using full population register data, the analysis explores total fertility rates (TFR) and the expected shares of men having a first birth (TFRp1) across 122 detailed education groups. We find that fertility declines were stronger in fields with initially lower fertility levels, such as ICT, arts, and humanities, and weaker in fields like health, teaching, and agriculture. Weighted linear regression was used to analyse the association between characteristics reflecting uncertainty and the fertility decline. Fields with higher unemployment, lower income, and lower occupational match saw sharper fertility declines. Additionally, as unemployment decreased and income grew during the 2010s, fertility declines were less pronounced in fields that experienced stronger improvements in these areas. The predictive power of the uncertainty variables increased in the 2010s. The uncertainty model accounted for approximately half of the TFR decline and two-thirds of the TFRp1 decline across different fields. The study highlights the growing disparities in fertility patterns by educational field, underlining the increasing importance of economic security in shaping men’s fertility.
The Bad Law as an obstacle to antitrust enforcement in Argentina (and Latin America?)
Authors: Diaz Adriano
Published: January 2025

This article examines the phenomenon of "Bad Law" ("Mal Derecho") within Argentina's legal tradition, where laws are crafted based on idealistic conceptions of what the legal framework ought to be but lack the practical mechanisms necessary for effective enforcement. This disconnect between a law's design and its implementation fosters a dysfunctional legal system and widespread non-compliance. Rather than addressing the structural flaws within these laws, legal scholars often invoke the “Protective Hypothesis of Bad Law,” attributing non-compliance to a moral failure of the populace instead of recognizing the inherent deficiencies in the legal framework.This issue is starkly illustrated by Law 27,442 on Antitrust. Although ostensibly designed to promote competition and prevent market distortions, the law suffers from critical design flaws that render enforcement—both public and private—ineffective. Public enforcement is undermined by a lack of political incentives to establish the necessary enforcement authority, a shortcoming embedded within the law itself. Meanwhile, private enforcement remains largely theoretical, as potential plaintiffs are discouraged by the prohibitive complexity and costs of litigation.As a result, Argentina's competition law fails to achieve its intended objectives, leaving the country’s antitrust system largely ineffective and illusory.