bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Kinerja Keuangan Daerah Pemerintah Kota Jayapura Tahun 2010 – 2014
Authors: Kreuta Balthazar , Hafizrianda Yundi , Sanggrangbano Agustina
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan, diantaranya untuk (1) Mengetahui perkembangan pendapatan dan belanja Pemerintah Kota Jayapura; (2) Mengukur dan menganalisis kinerja keuangan Pemerintah Kota Jayapura; (3) Mengukur kemampuan keuangan Pemerintah Kota Jayapura; dan (4) Mengukur efisiensi dan efektifitas pengelolaan keuangan Pemerintah Kota Jayapura; (5) Merumuskan Kebijakan apa yang tepat dalam meningkatkan kinerja keuangan Pemerintah Kota Jayapura. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik dokumentasi, yaitu dengan melakukan pengambilan data secara langsung pada bagian Akuntansi Dinas Pengolaan Keuangan dan Aset Kota Jayapura yaitu berupa Laporan Realisasi Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah Tahun 2010-2014. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan beberapa hal diantaranya, (a) Sumber PAD terbesar Kota Jayapura adalah pajak daerah, terutama yang berasal dari pajak hotel dan restoran; (b) Belanja daerah Kota Jayapura selama tahun 2010-2014 cenderung mengalami peningkatan yang berfluktuatif, dengan daya serapnya yang cukup tinggi; (c) Tingkat ketergantungan fiskal di Kota Jayapura selama ini masih sangat tinggi, sehingga kemandirian fiskalnya menjadi rendah; (d) Kota Jayapura memiliki kemampuan pengembalian pinjaman yang cukup baik; (e) Secara keseluruhan tingkat efisiensi belanja Pemerintah Kota Jayapura dapat dikatakan rendah.Kata Kunci: PAD, belanja daerah, efisiensi dan efektivitas, kinerja keuangan.
Design-Based Safety
Authors: MacCollum David
Published: May 2022

Edd Gibson, PhD., P.E., is the director of the School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment at Arizona State University. He is establishing a center to ensure that design safety will be part of every engineering degree. Traditionally, the fundamentals of ensuring safe design and construction methods have been absent from the programs at the various colleges and universities of engineering. At commencement, an individual who receives a degree in engineering has no marketable skills to ensure safe design or planning and organizing construction projects. AECOM, one of the largest engineering firms involved in both design and build, provides training on design-based safety for many of its engineers. The value of this program is substantial, as it prevents injury and death, reduces insurance costs and minimizes costly safety management activity on how to inspect, supervise and train their workforce to recognize and avoid hazardous conditions. The key issue with design safety is that many hazards are eliminated, so there is a reduced exposure to danger during construction, operation or maintenance.
System Safety in Healthcare
Authors: Raheja Dev , Escano Maria
Published: May 2022

Six Sigma is defined as a limit of 3.4 defects per 1 million opportunities for defects in products or service processes. A defect is defined as any product or service that is not acceptable to the customer. It can take organizations many years to achieve Six Sigma status. To achieve the required defect rate, organizations must make many improvements throughout the process of striving for Six Sigma distinction.
Defending Against Firmware Cyber Attacks on Safety-Critical Systems
Authors: Johnson Chris , Evangelopoulou Maria
Published: May 2022

In the past, it was not possible to update the underlying software in many industrial control devices. Engineering teams had to “rip and replace” obsolete components. However, the ability to make firmware updates has provided significant benefits to companies who use Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), switches, gateways and bridges, as well as an array of smart sensor/actuators. While these updates — which include security patches when vulnerabilities are identified in existing devices — can be distributed by physical media, they are increasingly downloaded over Internet connections. These mechanisms pose a growing threat to the cyber security of safety-critical applications, which is illustrated by recent attacks on safety-related infrastructures across the Ukraine. This paper explains how malware can be distributed within firmware updates. Even when attackers cannot reverse engineer the code necessary to disguise their attack, they can undermine a device by forcing it into a constant upload cycle in which the firmware installation never terminates. In this paper, we present means of mitigating the risks of firmware attacks on safety-critical systems as part of wider initiatives to secure national critical infrastructures. Technical solutions, including firmware hashing, must be augmented by organizational measures to secure the supply chain within individual plants, across companies and throughout safety-related industries.
President's Message
Authors: Muniak Charles
Published: May 2022

I have just returned from the 36th International System Safety Conference (ISSC) in Phoenix, Arizona, and I want to share some of my perceptions and observations. It seemed to me that, in general, people were more enthusiastic and in a better mood than usual. If anyone has an explanation for this please tell me, as I would like to repeat this.

At the Executive Council (EC) meeting held the weekend before the Conference, we discussed a variety of topics — the most important of which were paradigm shifts, and how we might increase membership and strengthen the chapters.
From the Editor's Desk
Authors: Muniak Charles
Published: May 2022

This issue of the Journal of System Safety includes two items from a member of the JSS editorial board, Dr. Mohammad Nejad. The first is a proposal for a special issue of JSS on the subject of “Safety by Design.”
System Safety in Healthcare
Authors: Raheja Dev , Escano Maria
Published: May 2022

“Incident reporting” is frequently used as a general term for all voluntary patient safety event reporting systems which rely on those involved in patient care. Initial reports often come from frontline personnel directly involved in an event or the actions leading up to it (e.g., the nurse, pharmacist or physician caring for a patient when an error occurred). Voluntary event reporting is therefore a special form of surveillance for near misses or unsafe conditions that are unlikely to show up in formal surveys [Ref. 1]. The purpose of incident reports is to help identify potential and actual risks and, thus, mitigate hazards. Incident reports also alert risk managers to potential lawsuits. They are generated for at least five types of medical errors: near misses, adverse events, intentional unsafe acts, never events and sentinel events. These events may affect any person on the premises, including patients, employees, physicians, visitors, students or volunteers.
Safety Versus Survivability
Authors: Braman Gary , Dowd Joe , Dorning Tyler
Published: May 2022

Over the years, people in the defense industry and government have used the terms “system safety” and “survivability” interchangeably. The misunderstanding of these terms has created issues when preparing system safety analysis documents, such as Functional Hazard Assessments (FHA), System Safety Hazard Analysis (SSHA), and Safety Assessment Reports (SAR). In the past, customers have expected that survivability issues will be assessed in these system safety documents. This results in an extensive amount of time to prepare the document and to meet customer expectations. “System safety” is defined as “the design and operational characteristics of a system that minimize the possibilities for accidents or mishaps caused by human error or system failure.” “Survivability” is defined as “the characteristics of a system that prevent fratricide, as well as reduce detectability of the soldier, prevent attack if detected, prevent damage if attacked, minimize medical injury if wounded or otherwise injured, and minimize mental and physical fatigue.” It is clear, though, by these definitions that the two terms are not the same and should not be used interchangeably. This paper will provide indisputable substantiation that system safety and survivability are two distinct domains, and that an assessment of survivability issues is not documented in system safety analyses reports.
Augmenting a Hazard Analysis Method with Error Propagation Information for Safety-Critical Systems
Authors: Rashid Fryad , McGregor John
Published: May 2022

Safety-critical system development requires an explicit design to manage component failures and unanticipated conditions of abnormal interaction between system components as hazards that affect the safety and reliability of the system. The potential effects of residual hazards in the operational system context must be reduced to an acceptable level of risk. System reliability focuses on providing continued operational capability in spite of failures. System safety focuses on unsafe conditions because of failures and unpredicted interactions between system components.
Proposal for a Special Issue for Journal of System Safety on Safety by Design
Authors: Muniak Charles
Published: May 2022

The rising complexity of tightly coupled systems makes them more and more prone to risk and accidents. Integration between complex systems and their subsequent interactions can lead to significant risks, unintended behavior and unexpected consequences. The emergence of big data can help make safer systems — provided proper data analytics and automation is used. Elicitation of information from big data, and the fusion of precise and uncertain data, remains a challenge for researchers progressively demanding increasing processing powers. While system designers need
From the Editor's Desk
Authors: Muniak Charles
Published: May 2022

I was once in a meeting with a program manager (PM), where we were discussing the risk associated with some mishap scenarios. The PM stated, “I do not understand or care about anything that has less than a 10 percent chance of happening.” That pretty much included all the safety-related mishaps. It became clear that we were having “a failure to communicate” that we had to overcome. The first technical paper in this issue, “Speaking Risk with Our Project Managers” by Dustin Nix, John Fellows and Dr. John Hall, gives some insight as to how we might solve our communication problems.
Design-Based Safety
Authors: MacCollum David
Published: May 2022

The amount of harm a hazard can cause is unknown, as many hazards remain dormant most of the time and become armed infrequently. Once armed, of course, they are able to cause harm or injury; however, in most circumstances, it is rare that the hazard actually causes injury or damage. But, because the natural seriousness of harm cannot be quantified, there is no such thing as an “acceptable” risk.
System Safety Bookshelf
Authors: Ericson Clif
Published: May 2022

Elsevier Academic Press has recently published a new safety book titled Safety Risk Management for Medical Devices, written by Bijan Elahi. This book explains how to conduct a risk management program that will show conformance to the FDA safety standards established for medical devices. It describes a safety process as well as some of the tools utilized in the process. Since medical devices are life-saving devices, they can be deemed as “safety critical,” requiring a rigorous process to ensure they are safe for public use.
TBD
Authors: Hoes Charles
Published: May 2022

There are a number of things happening within the International System Safety Society (ISSS) that are important to the future of the organization and to the system safety profession as a whole. My guess is that the President’s (Russ Mitchell) Message, and some other parts of this issue of Journal of System Safety, will contain additional information about these potential changes. I hope that we will not be in significant disagreement about the nature of the new direction.

Leading indicators of these changes are our focus on the four (or possibly five) “initiatives” that were begun a couple of years ago. These initiatives focus on standardization, training/education and certification. The importance of this is that the ISSS has adopted a renewed stance that the Society has a duty and responsibility to actively promote and enhance the system safety profession by creating new materials, training opportunities, alliances and associated activities. This is a shift from our historical stance of waiting for things to come from chapters and a few energized members, and supporting whatever develops as best we can. It is the difference between being proactive and reactive at the Society level.
President's Message
Authors: Mitchell Russ
Published: May 2022

It’s the new year, a new decade, and we’ve turned the page as an organization. We’ve completed our contracting process and have a new staff!

We’ve contracted with Ewald Consulting to provide association management services. Under this new arrangement, we will benefit by having professional staff available to help plan our annual Conference and events, provide enhanced member services and assist the Society’s leadership in moving strategic initiatives forward. Ewald Consulting is charter accredited by the Association Management Companies Institute (AMC Institute) and charter certified by the American Society of Association Executives (ASAE).
President's Message
Authors: Mitchell Russ
Published: May 2022

We are professionals dedicated to the safety of systems, products and services. Our hope is to make these elements safe for all who use them. In my mind, this vision is agnostic regarding color and culture. Our very work effort is offered because we hold life and health as a fundamental value underlying our society.

We have recently witnessed disturbing events in the U.S., in addition to the COVID-19 pandemic that we have all been coping with for months now. The murders of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery and Breonna Taylor have made it unbearably apparent to me that racial injustice is very much a reality in the U.S. — and that it continues to plague the lives of people of color. Our membership includes people of color who are our colleagues and practitioners of safety, committed to our same vision. Our ranks are inclusive of race, color and gender. I am personally committed to ensuring their experience is professional, engaging, enriching, and free of both racism and genderism.
Applying Safety Concepts and Principles in Vital Controller Design
Authors: Shi Fenggang
Published: May 2022

A vital controller is safety critical and its failures, if not mitigated in time, can contribute to hazards in the application system. With electronics advancing and automation increasing, the expanding complexity of a vital controller creates challenges in designing it and assessing its safety integrity level. Typically, traditional safety engineering approaches are not effective for providing systematic guidance to design vital controllers and also not cost efficient for justifying their safety integrity. Through practice on developing multiple Communications-Based Train Control systems, we have identified an approach to using a set of safety concepts as guidance for both safety critical controller design and its safety integrity assessment. These safety concepts are categorized as intrinsic fail-safe, reactive fail-safe, and composite fail-safe. An effective combination of them is applying the composite fail-safe concept in checked redundancy techniques for designing the architecture of a controller, the reactive safety concept for identifying self-testing and monitoring mechanisms in each checked redundant channel, and the intrinsic fail-safe concept for ensuring safe interfaces to other controllers and controlled devices. This paper presents the approach for using these safety concepts and discusses their application principles and verification factors for achieving high safety integrity level of a controller.
President's Message
Authors: Mitchell Russ
Published: May 2022

ISSS conversion is an ongoing process. Our virtual conference delivered more than 70 hours of content and was attended by more than 160 people. Three keynote speakers sketched out where we’ve been, and where we are going, as a profession. Roundtables and workshops began dissecting the bits and pieces we will need to embrace, examine and moderate to move into our next-level 21st-century practices.
System Safety in Healthcare
Authors: Raheja Dev , Escano Maria
Published: May 2022

A Johns Hopkins study in 2018 claims that more than 250,000 people in the United States die every year from medical errors. Other reports claim the numbers to be as high as 440,000. At that time, medical errors are the third-leading cause of death, after heart disease and cancer.

Hospitals make more money when they make mistakes, and reducing mistakes could actually cut into a hospital’s profits, according to a study by the managing director at the Boston Consulting Group, reported in The New York Times. This article shows very profitable examples of the good, as well as bad, practice of medicine.
TBD
Authors: Hoes Charles
Published: May 2022

The problem that we encounter is that we are always working with great uncertainty. The bulk of our activities occur before there is even a system to consider; there is only an idea of a system — and perhaps some bits and pieces to see and touch — but nothing that has been assembled and whose function we can observe. So we end up “imagining” what it is going to be like, and we make expert “judgments” (guesses?). Because we are just imagining a future system, we are unsure about many — perhaps most — of the details. Even if we have a finished prototype in front of us, we know very little about how the pieces were made, assembled or tested. We don’t know if there are defects in the design, or defects in manufacturing. We don’t really know about the details of the use environment. We don’t know much about the people who will use it, or what imaginative uses it might be put through.
Covid-19
Authors: Zito Richard
Published: May 2022

Much has been said in the popular press about the world-wide COrnaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Some of this information is accurate, some is exaggerated. In some cases vital information has not been presented, while other information is simply wrong. As business activity resumes in the U.S. and other countries, occupational health and safety personnel will have to make some extremely difficult decisions. Those decisions will have to be based on a thorough understanding of the scientific facts and not fear, partial information or distortions. So, what are the facts? What is a coronavirus? How does it work? How did it get that name? Where did it come from? How does it spread? Is there any way to stop it? Do masks work? What about social distancing, hand sanitizers and hand washing? What do the coronavirus statistics mean? Can a vaccine be made? Does post-infection therapy work, and is it safe? Does vitamin C and zinc do anything, or is it just a hoax? These are some of the questions that will be addressed in this article.
System Safety in Healthcare
Authors: Raheja Dev
Published: May 2022

Designing for safety is a process. When the right process is followed, results can be great, such as eliminating most of the warranty costs. The opposite is also true in the absence of the right process. There is a saying: “If we don’t know where we are going, that’s where we will go.”
TBD
Authors: Hoes Charles
Published: May 2022

I have been noticing a definite uptick in the number of industry groups that are talking about the benefits of system safety. Many of them don’t know that they are “inventing” an approach that has been successfully used for almost 100 years on millions of projects with a combined value of tens of trillions of dollars. It seems that many of these groups believe they came up with the “new” idea that designing safety into projects is better, less expensive and results in fewer false starts than traditional safety approaches — not to mention that it is also more effective in reducing accident losses.

System safety is an engineering process that starts as early as practical and continues throughout the project’s life until there is no longer value in continuing. Conceptually, system safety consists of three simple steps:

Identify potential hazards.

Control the risks associated with those identified hazards to acceptable levels.

Repeat.
President's Message
Authors: Mitchell Russ
Published: May 2022

While, at this writing, I will be serving as your president for several more months, due to the frequency and publication process this will be my last message in JSS as president. By way of confession, I am always late to the publisher with my content, but this article in particular has been hard to write. I want you to know it has been a pleasure to serve you and the industry. I wish I had been able to get more done (sometimes I don’t get as much done as I probably should). So, I suppose this letter is an apology that I wasn’t more effective, a “thank you” for allowing me to continue to serve you, and a recognition for the growth we have made in the last couple of years. We, the ISSS, have changed on a number of fronts within the last two years.
Ionizing Radiation Hazards: Dangerous Goods IV
Authors: Zito Richard
Published: May 2022

The unwanted flow of matter is governed by chemical equations like Fick’s Law (diffusion of mass), the Arrhenius Law (rate of reaction), and most importantly the Nernst Equation (yielding the electrochemical potential of species). In addition to these chemical equations, the other unifying sutra (or “suture”) of eclectic dangerous goods problems, and the one that will be employed in this paper, is the construction of Gaussian surfaces through which energy may flow. This energy could be electromagnetic radiation, heat, ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation (light), acoustic energy, or even just fields. Once an equation is developed for the flow through a unit area of a Gaussian surface, a comparison can be made between an exposure and some Exposure Limit. And, there are many different types of limits depending on the conditions of the exposure. But, in general, if an exposure is below the Exposure Limit, then safety is implied. Above the limit, steps must be taken to provide shielding.

In this paper, attention will be focused on the hazards produced by flows of ionizing radiation energy emitted from a source. Ionizing radiation can penetrate deeply into matter and is capable of removing electrons from neutral atoms all along its path. Such widespread damage can disrupt DNA and, ultimately, result in carcinogenic tumors.
Principles Again
Authors: Muniak Charles
Published: May 2022

Do we have a “nearly perfect” book that covers the subject of system safety? If this book did exist, how would we know?

During a recent Zoom meeting on the International System Safety Society (ISSS) initiatives, I noted a few remarks of interest. One individual asked, “What is the gospel of system safety?” Later, they changed the question to one about “principles of system safety.” I was pleased to hear this, as it correlated with the point I was trying to make in my “From the Editor’s Desk” article on principles in the Fall/Winter 2020 issue of Journal of System Safety.
TBD
Authors: Hoes Charles
Published: May 2022

The September 2, 2021 edition of The New York Times “The Morning” included an interesting article concerning the collapse of the Champlain Towers South Condo in Miami that resulted in the deaths of 98 people. After seeing multiple news accounts, I couldn’t help but wonder what in the world went wrong? Is there an important system safety lesson to be learned? If so, what might it be? The International System Safety Society (ISSS) is supporting a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-sponsored effort to explore ways to better implement “safety through design” for construction projects. The Times article provided a few enticing tidbits that might be worth mulling over regarding improving safety through design.
Vaccine Safety
Authors: Zito Richard
Published: May 2022

We are now near the end of the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, and it has been a year since the first International System Safety Society (ISSS) Conference coronavirus presentation. This past year has seen the development and distribution of several vaccines, as predicted in the previous publication about the pandemic. These new weapons against disease will save millions of lives all over the globe in the next few years — and they were developed faster than any vaccine in medical history. Yet these same vaccines have been the victim of numerous allegations from the start. In fact, their strongest virtue — the speed with which they were developed and distributed — is seen by their critics as a fault, possibly resulting in an unsafe or insufficiently tested product. Is there any truth to these claims? How do these vaccines work? And how are they made? Vaccine Safety.

In order to establish an orderly, technically accurate, objective, and comprehensive record of the events of these times that is accessible to the general public and of some use to posterity, this second publication has been prepared. It is also hoped that this report will mitigate some of the concerns that people have about vaccine safety.
Semaglutide for the treatment of obesity – a review
Authors: Bham Abubakar , Ditta Mohsin Allah
Published: May 2022

Increasing rates of obesity and its comorbidities continue to place a burden on individuals and health systems. Lifestyle interventions, although effective, are not always successful in long term management. The use of existing medicinal strategies, such as sibutramine and orlistat have not been very successful due to their own limitations. Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue that has been utilized in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Its use in weight management has been recently explored in several studies. A review of literature can provide insight into whether semaglutide is a potential avenue for long term and sustainable weight loss. All studies reviewed identified that study participants on semaglutide experienced a significantly higher overall weight loss than placebo and most other comparison treatments. There were gastrointestinal adverse events recorded in most studies, but these did not seem to have an impact on the overall weight loss. Semaglutide provides a promising avenue for weight loss in obese and overweight individuals, although further research on management avenues for the GI events may ensure long term and sustained use. Key words: semaglutide, obesity, weight loss
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward the Use of Emergency Contraception Methods Among Women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsaleh Rehab , Althagafi Nouf Khaleel , Algaid Siba Nasser , Alhasawi Noura Ali , Algaedy Raffal Abdulwahab
Published: May 2022

Unintended pregnancy is a common publichealth issue worldwide, especially in the MENAregion. Unintended pregnancy has two subtypes(unplanned and unwanted). Emergency contraception (EC) plays a vital role in preventing unintended pregnancy up to 98% by delaying ovulation or preventing implantation. It is available over the counter in most of the Arab world. In our study the investigating group wanted to explore knowledge attitude and practice among women of Saudi Arabia towards EC. To achieve this objective a validated survey was used as study tool. It was found that there is improved knowledge, attitude and practice among women towards EC utilisation. Key words: Emergency contraception methods, women, Saudi Arabia
Burden of hypothyroidism in the primary care population in Qatar
Authors: Shaikh Sabana , Honest Prince Christopher Rajkumar
Published: May 2022

Hypothyroidism is a common condition which is often managed in primary care. There is considerable prevalence information on the condition in Europe and USA, however little is known about the prevalence in the Middle East, particularly in Qatar. The purpose of the study was to establish the burden of the disease in the primary care population in Qatar. This observational study used electronic health data from primary care records of all adults registered with Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC). Patients were identified as having hypothyroidism by using selected SNOMED CT codes. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was estimated at approximately 4.74%. The majority of hypothyroid patients (57.23%) were found to suffer with additional comorbidities. Given the ease of access to private health care, and those patients choosing to have health care outside the country, this may be an underrepresentation of the true prevalence. Key words: hypothyroidism, primary care, Qatar
Trends and Emerging Practices in Healthcare Project Management: The Role of Corona Crisis Management Room to Control COVID-19 Spread in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Moslih Saeed , Al Harbi Ahmad , Al-Mousa Ali , Al-Asmri Mushabab , Bahaitham Haitham
Published: May 2022

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Emirate of Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia, has established the Corona Crisis Management Room (CCMR) to help support the health affairs and eliminate all the risks associated with the virus within the region. The study aimed at establishing the trends and emerging practices in healthcare project management with a concerted interest in determining the role played by the CCMR in controlling and stopping the spread of the virus in Aseer region. The study adopted the exploratory research approach which sought to investigate the research phenomenon. The CCMR formed the focus of the study. 17 participants working in the CCMR were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using in-depth interviews where a clear and detailed description of the phenomenon under research was obtained. The collected data were subjected to thematic analysis and classified into three thematic areas. The findings of the study established that the CCMR had a critical role in coordinating government activities within Aseer region. New management practices were based on the experiences of the pandemic and ranged fromevidence-based decision making, use of modern technology, and collaboration of various entities. The pathological spectrum was key in risk assessment. Key words: Covid-19; Corona virus; risk management; project management; crisis management; healthcare; qualitative research; Emirate of Aseer Province; Saudi Arabia
Attitude and practice of pregnant women living in Saudi Arabia, about COVID-19 in relation to pregnancy outcome
Authors: Alsaleh Rehab , Faraj Fatima Mohammed , Aldcgha Ahlam Ahmed , Omar Bashair Mohammed , bin Mahfouz Elaf Hussein , Zaki Amjad
Published: May 2022

In December 2019, the outbreak of a new disease was reported in Wuhan, China (1). The given name was COVID-19), and is caused by corona virus (1).On 12th March 2020 WHO classified the current condition as pandemic status. Recorded cases worldwide is over 221 (September 8, 2021) million of with more than 4.5 million fatalities documented so far(2) . A considerable number of pregnant women have been affected by the current pandemic. As per literature review there were studies looking at concerns, attitudes and knowledge of pregnant women regarding Covid 19 in nearby countries, e.g. Iran and Turkey ( 3,4). This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice toward the Covid-19 pandemic among pregnant women living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Key words: Pregnancy, knowledge, attitude, practice, Covid 19
Improving patient centered care by documenting their contribution in the plan of care at west bay health center, Qatar
Authors: Musallam Wafaa , Abdulmoniem Hisham , Elnour Salma , Elnour Mohamed , Alkadi Rouba , Gadallah Alawiya , Syed Azher Abbas , Yousuf Wafaa
Published: May 2022

Introduction In our health center, we found only 50% of our physicians documenting patient contributions in their plan of care, which reflects the need for improving patient contributions and physician documentations. Therefore, this project was conducted to improve the percentage of physician ‘documentation from 50% to 60 % over 5 weeks, to be completed by thirteenth of January 2021. Key words: Patient centered care
Association between obesity and mental disorders among male secondary school students in Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Predictor based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alshahrani Mubarak M.A. , Al-Masoudi Mohammed , Alshahrani Eman M. , Alshahrani Abdulrahman M. , Alshehri Khalid M. , Asiri Suliman A , Asiri Ahmed M. , Asiri Ahmed A. , Alabdali Ahmed H.
Published: May 2022

Background: Obesity-related morbidity continues to increase in Saudi Arabia, especially among school students, who constitute a vulnerable population since they can be highly influenced by the western culture and rapid globalization. Aim of Study: To examine the relationship between obesity and negative emotional states among male secondary school students. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among male secondary school students in Abha City, Saudi Arabia during the academic year 2019-2020. A multistage cluster sampling technique was followed by the researchers, in order to recruit participants. The standardized Arabic version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used by the researchers for determining prevalence and levels of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among participants. Results: Three hundred and ninety eight students participated in the study. Their mean age (±SD) was 16.98±0.93 years. Overweight and obesity was present among 44.2% and 38.4% of participants respectively. The overall prevalence rates for symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among participants were 57%, 64.6% and 39.4%, respectively. There were statistically significant associations between obesity and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress (p<0.001 for all). Conclusions: The burden of overweight and obesity are high among the male secondary school students. Overweight and obesity are associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Therefore, there should be emphasis on implementing interventions to raise awareness about maintaining normal body mass index among the school students and thereby reducing the risk of mental disorders. Key words: Obesity, Mental disorders, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, School students, Saudi Arabia.
Quarantine COVID-19 compliance in families with an allergic and immunological diseased child and its psychological impact in KSA
Authors: Atalla Aymen A. , Alrbaiai Ghaida T , Alharthi Abeer H. , Alotaib Jawaher SH , Algethami Nada E. , Alshehri Bushra F.
Published: May 2022

Background: With the onset of the spread of the Coronavirus around the world, the Saudi Ministry of Health has taken protective measures early to prevent the spread of the disease in the region, and the most effective of these measures is Quarantine and home isolation, which can have an impact on the individual’s mental health. The purpose of this study is to assess the compliance of Quarantine in a family with an allergic and immunologically diseased child and its psychological impact on them. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted between June-August 2020 was conducted via a self- reported online questionnaire that includes fear of COVID-19 scale for parents, Revised children’s anxiety and depression scale to assess Quarantine’s psychological effect, fear of getting the infection and also to know the family’s attitude towards COVID-19 and public health measures. Results: This study included 4,436 participants, and the findings revealed that (13.3%) of participants had a child with allergies or immune diseases, (30.2%) had children between 6-10 years of age, the mean fear score was 18.74 ± 6.48 (7- 35) which is nearly moderate; the mean values of the Child Anxiety and Depression Sub- Scale for Parents (RCADS) were 4.81 5.61 and 18.74 ± 6.48, respectively. This study showed a highly statistically significant positiverelationship between the mean values for fear of COVID-19 Score scale and mean scores for child anxiety and depression (P = <0.001), and also showed that 73.8% of the families thought that quarantine is a necessary action that should continue until the end of the Pandemic. Conclusion: The Quarantine impacted psychologically and financially on some parents. Children are also more vulnerable to psychological effects resulting from the commitment of families to Quarantine, so we see that special attention and care is needed to prevent these effects on them, especially children with allergic or immune diseases. Key words: COVID-19, Quarantine, Saudi, children.
Knowledge of school teachers regarding Asthma in Aseer region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Fardan Zeinh Hussein , Alzahrani Abdulbari Ahmed , Althumairy Sara Abdullah , Al Malih Hana Saeed , AlQahtani Shahad Awad , Quraishi Wijdan Saleh , Althumairy Hasnaa Abdullah , Alnaami Fajr Abdulhadi , Alhifzi Wafaa Sulaiman
Published: May 2022

Background: Asthma is a leading cause of impairment, high health-care costs and poor quality of life for those who suffer from it. Asthma is the most prevalent chronic medical illness that schoolteachers must deal with in their students, impacting more than 10% of them. Teachers may be required to supervise inhaler administration and determine the necessity for additional treatment in acute attacks. Asthma prevalence varies greatly over the world, ranging from 1 to 20% for both children and adults. Methods: The data for this cross-sectional study was acquired using a specially designed questionnaire. The questionnaire includes demographic questions as well as questions about asthma awareness and knowledge. After collection of data, it was coded and entered in the SPSS ver.20 software for analyses descriptive statistics (mean standard deviation, frequencies and percentages were computed), to measure the significance differences t test and chi-square test was used at 5% level of significance. Data was collected from the teachers of Aseer region of KSA. Ethical approval was obtained from King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. The study duration was from January-2021 to April-2021. Results: Out of a total 759 respondents, the mean (S.D.) of the respondents were 31.6(12.8). 14.2% were male while 85.8% were females. The Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0.79. We have observed that age and education have a significant impact over the prevalence of Asthma awareness. Conclusion: We should train our teachers by conducting series of seminars, webinars and workshops. We will also incorporate training the trainer sessions for teaching staff to enhance their skills to deal with asthma. Key words: Asthma, diseases, teacher, knowledge, awareness
Soundscapes of the Nation: Silenced Others and Animal Languagesin Haw and Oko
Authors: Gürses Hande
Published: May 2022

Kemal Varol’s 2014 novel Haw is an account of the multiple facets of the war between the Turkish army, Kurdish guerrilla and other underground organizations during the 1990s in eastern Turkey, recounted by a dog. İdris Baluken’s Oko (2019) is the story of its eponymous dog protagonist Oko’s journey as he finds himself involved in a group fighting to prevent another dog massacre from happening again. By looking at two contemporary novels that address the Kurdish issue in Turkey from the perspective of dogs, this paper aims to explore the implications of the biopolitical reach of the sovereign state and its impact on the definition of citizenship. Taking this shared symbol as a point of departure, this paper investigates nation-building processes in Turkey and how the definition of citizenship is contingent on the voices and languages that are silenced. What is the relation between language and belonging? To what language does one belong? What possibilities of resistance does the language of the non-human animal contain in its encounter with the violence of the sovereign power?
"Mit dem Schönen ist es ganz anders bewandt."
Authors: Kulenkampff Jens
Published: May 2022

It is quite different with the beautiful. But what about it, then? According to Kant, this can only be revealed by analyzing the judgment by which we attribute beauty. Tracing the often rocky path of this analysis, fraught with all sorts of pitfalls, in order to see how Kant arrives at the concept of beauty as a form of purposiveness without purpose, and what exactly this concept means, is still very rewarding. However, in doing so, it is important to defend Kant against himself and to rid the core of his aesthetics of a great deal of incidental material that has nothing to do with the matter at hand. – In an appendix to this discussion of the „Critique of Aesthetic Judgment“, the author demostrates the close connection that exists between Kant's text and Hume's treatise „On the Standard of Taste".
Enhancement of Sensitivity to Tamoxifen by Berberine in Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting ER-α36 Expression
Authors: Pan Xiaohua , Song Zhen , Cui Yue , Qi Ming , Wu Guojun , Wang Molin
Published: May 2022

: Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid purified from Chinese herbs, was verified to have antitumor effects. It has also been reported that berberine can enhance the anticancer effect of tamoxifen (TAM) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells; however, the involved underlying mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, the role of one variant of ER-α, ER-α36, in the TAM sensitizing effect of berberine was explored in TAM-resistant breast cancer cells. This study demonstrated that berberine potently sensitized TAM-resistant breast cancer cells, including TAM-resistant MCF7 and BT-474 cells, to TAM treatment. Additionally, this study showed that berberine could simultaneously suppress ER-α36 expression in TAM-resistant cells. However, when ER-α36 was knocked down in TAM-resistant cells, there was no significant TAM-sensitizing effect by berberine. Therefore, this study indicated that ER-α36 is involved in berberine’s TAM-sensitizing effect on ER-positive breast cancer cells, which provided supporting data for the application of berberine in cancer therapy as an adjuvant agent for TAM treatment.
Racialized and Gendered Labor in Students’ Responses to Precalculus and Calculus Instruction
Authors: Battey Dan , Amman Kristen , Leyva Luis A. , Hyland Nora , McMichael Emily Wolf
Published: May 2022

Precalculus and calculus are considered gatekeeper courses because of their academic challenge and status as requirements for STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) and non-STEM majors alike. Despite college mathematics often being seen as a neutral space, the field has identified ways that expectations, interactions, and instruction are racialized and gendered. This article uses the concept of labor to examine responses from 20 students from historically marginalized groups to events identified as discouraging in precalculus and calculus instruction. Findings illustrate how Black students, Latina/o students, and white women engage in emotional and cognitive labor in response to discouraging events. Additionally, to manage this labor, students named coping strategies that involved moderating their participation to avoid or minimize the racialized and gendered impact of undergraduate mathematics instruction.
Comparative content analysis of the memoirs of the repressed: gender aspect
Authors: Goretskaia Ekaterina Mikhailovna
Published: May 2022

Political terror was a distinctive phenomenon of the Soviet era, affecting broad segments of the population of the USSR. In addition to the official traditional sources on the history of this period (statistics, personal files of prisoners, court materials, periodicals), sources of personal origin play an important role вЂ“ diaries, letters, interviews and memoirs of prisoners of camps and special settlers. Of particular interest among other sources of personal origin on the history of repression in the USSR are collections of memoirs of the repressed. The largest collection of memoirs is presented on the resource of the Sakharov Center "Memories of the Gulag and their authors". The texts of memoirs posted on this electronic resource have become the main source of this research. Based on the materials of the resource, a full-text thematic collection of memoirs was created and analyzed using the methods of content analysis, network analysis and statistical analysis. A comparative analysis of the reflection of camp life on the pages of memoirs of male and female prisoners is carried out. The analysis suggests that men and women converge in the fundamental aspects of the perception of camps: regardless of gender, the camp stage of life became the most traumatic and was remembered by former prisoners in similar tones. At the same time, neither the gender of the authors of the memoirs, nor the profession, nor the age at the time of arrest, nor the number of years that prisoners were forced to spend in camps globally affect these general perception trends. There are particular features inherent in individual subgroups, both among women and men, of the perception of camps, but in general the perception is the same, and it is the general features of the perception of camp life that are brought to the fore, overshadowing the particular elements. This can serve as a confirmation of the thesis that the collection of memoirs collected and studied in the framework of this study is a mass source.
From information to knowledge: historical context
Authors: Borodkin Leonid Iosifovich
Published: May 2022

The article reflects the author's speech in the discussion club of the journal "Historical Informatics" at a meeting dedicated to the discussion of the collective monograph "Information. A Historical Companion", published in 2021 at Princeton. The author examines not only the history of the functioning and evolution of information in various historical societies, but also the social history of science and technology related to the production of information and its transmission, dissemination and processing. It is this second aspect of this publication that is discussed in the article, it is he who is of the greatest interest in the context of modern applications of Data Science in the social sciences and humanities, as well as discussions about historical information and historical knowledge in the "digital age". Starting from the materials of the Companion, the article discusses the following questions: What role did discrete and analog approaches play in the formation of the concept of information in the late 1940s? What was the mutual influence of the outstanding scientists who created the theory of information? To what extent can these achievements be of interest to the historical (and, more broadly, the humanities) sciences? The position of the authors of the Companion is also discussed on the question of whether the concepts of "information" and "knowledge" should be associated with the position of the historian-researcher or with the perception of the subject of historical research? Peter Burke's point of view seems justified here, believing that throughout the centuries under consideration, people belonging to various historical societies were aware of information as a critical aspect of their lives.