bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of diversity, species richness and community structure in West African savannah small mammals (rodents and shrews)
Authors: Amori Giovanni , Di Bagno Ermellina , Luiselli Luca
Published: April 2022

Tropical savannah ecosystems are characterized by extensive grasslands with more or less sparse trees and thickets, and are threatened globally by anthropogenic forces. These grassland habitats house a rich and diversified fauna assemblage, with some of its conspicuous elements (for instance, small mammals) that have not been sufficiently investigated so far. In this paper, we meta-analyze the literature data available on the community structure and diversity patterns of shrews and rodents in West African savannahs. Overall, 10,197 small mammal individuals belonging to 111 species of Rodentia and 55 species of Soricomorpha were found in the various studies carried out in the countries covered by the present study. Studies using a combination of methods (e.g., live trapping, pitfalls, cover boards, visual encounter) detected more species in both Soricomorpha and Rodentia, and there was a positive survey (=trap ⁄ night) effort effect on the species richness in rodents. GLM models showed (i) that there was also no effect of trapping design (transect versus grid) on species richness per site, (ii) in both rodents and soricomorphs, the number of savannah species by country depended on the total species richness of that given country, but there was no effect of the relative surface covered by savannahs in that country. The number of sympatric species per site was 2.73± 1.7 (range = 1-7) in Soricomorpha and 6.33 ± 3.8 (range 1-15) in Rodentia. Dominance index was significantly different among countries, with Nigeria having lower values than all other countries and Ghana, Benin and Sierra Leone had significantly highest values. The conservation implications of the observed patterns are discussed.
Permafrost, Ground Ice and Global Change in the Beaufort Sea Coastlands
Authors: Harry D G , Dallimore S R
Published: April 2022

Global environmental change may well have a greater effect on the coastal lowlands of northern Canada than on any other area of North America. These lowlands, likely to experience the greatest warming according to current global circulation models, are
extensively underlain by temperature-sensitive permafrost or perennially frozen ground (Fig. 1). The area is also vulnerable to changes in sea level and coastal erosion. Although the region is not densely populated, it contains oil and gas resources which are crucial to Canada's economic future.
Areas such as the Beaufort Sea coastlands are especially vulnerable to climatic.
Study of Liver Effect in Children with Celiac Disease
Authors: Şeker Gül , Kahveci Çelik Sinem , Öztürk Yeşim
Published: April 2022

Objective: It is well known that there are different rates of liver damage in celiac disease (CD). A wide spectrum of cases has been reported, ranging from asymptomatic transaminase elevation to cirrhosis. In this study, we investigated the frequency and clinical features of liver stress in children diagnosed with CD in our department.
Methods: Patients who were aged 1-18, serologically and histologically diagnosed as having CD and followed up were retrospectively included. Medical history, physical examination, serum anti-tissue transglutaminase and anti-endomysium antibodies, duodenal histology, liver function tests and imaging findings were evaluated.
Results: One hundred and eleven patients were included in the study. Of the patients, 74 were girls (64%) and 40 were boys (36%), and the mean age of admission was 7.1±4.3 years (1-18 years). The follow-up period was 3.5±4.4 (1-16) years. At diagnosis, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was elevated in 5 (4.5%) of the 111 patients, and at follow-up, 3 patients were found to have lower levels that returned to the normal range. Elevation of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (3.7%) was found in 4 patients. Sclerosing cholangitis was diagnosed by liver biopsy in 2 patients with elevated GGT. Abdominal ultrasonography (USG) was performed in 50 (45%) patients. Hepatomegaly was found in 4 (3.6%) of these 50 patients and biliar dilatation in 2 (1.8%) patients. Abdominal USG also revealed hepatomegaly in 4 patients, without elevation in GGT and ALT levels.
Conclusion: We found 8% liver-related findings at the time of diagnosis in children with CD. No new liver effects were observed in 29% of patients followed up for five years.
Retrospective Analysis of the Pediatric Intoxication Cases
Authors: Ozan Elif , Öztürk Sercan , Çağlar Aykut
Published: April 2022

Objective: Various pharmaceuticals may be involved in pediatric intoxications, and treatment can be challenging for physicians. However knowledge of the clinical manifestations and prognosis of intoxication will be of assistance to physicians in conducting an appropriate clinical evaluation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the patient characteristics, outcomes and clinical features of pediatric intoxication.
Methods: One hundred eighty five children aged between 1 and 17 years with pharmaceutical intoxication (135 mild, 18 moderate, and 32 severe cases) were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, and outcomes were compared between the subgroups of clinical severity and in terms of reasons for exposure.
Results: Suicidal behaviour was responsible for 61.1% and accidental exposure for 38.9% of intoxications. The drug group most frequently responsible for intoxication was analgesic-antipyretic medications. Clinical severity, length of hospitalization, and multiple drug intoxication rates were higher in the suicide group than in the accidental group (p=0.037, p=0.016, and p<0.001 respectively). Mortality occurred in one patient.
Conclusion: Analgesics and neurological system agents were responsible for the majority of intoxications. Intoxication for purposes of suicide resulted in longer hospital length of stay, and greater clinical severity than accidental poisoning. Understanding the differences between intentional and accidental intoxication may be assistance to physicians in performing appropriate assessments.
Doctors Need Different Doctors to Treat Their Relatives: A Subject That Does Not Receive Enough Attention in Medical Education
Authors: Kaymaz Nazan , Yıldırım Şule , Battal Fatih , Aylanç Hakan
Published: April 2022

Due to having medical knowledge, sometimes doctors may not need to refer to other doctors in case of illness of themselves or their relatives. Therefore, the correct diagnosis may be delayed. This paper discussed this issue from the perspective of a daughter whose father, a doctor, caused the diagnosis of her diseases to be delayed. However, delay in diagnosis is difficult to measure, reasons for the delay can originate from the system or can be caused by the course of the disease, by the patient, and sometimes by physicians, as in our patient.
Is Plasma C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Level Suitable for Diagnosing and Typing Skeletal Dysplasia?
Authors: Kızılcan Çetin Sirmen , Gökşen Damla , Özen Samim , Alper Hüdaver , Işık Esra , Özgür Su , Darcan Şükran
Published: April 2022

Objective: Skeletal dysplasia is a heterogeneous group of diseases that lead to abnormal enchondral ossification and typing of the disease is quite complex. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), one of the members of the natriuretic peptide family, has been implicated in bone development, and CNP levels are high in some types of skeletal dysplasia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of CNP as a marker for skeletal dysplasia types and to investigate its role in typing.
Methods: Thirty-seven patients aged six months to 18 years [26 (70.3%) girls] were included in this cross-sectional study from among 75 skeletal dysplasia patients. All subjects were physically examined; anthropometric measurements were obtained, and bone surveys were evaluated. ELISA was used to assess CNP plasma levels. Forty-nine healthy children aged six months to 18 years [24 girls (49%)] comprised the control group.
Results: The CNP concentration of the patient group (n=37) was 1.31±1.40 ng/mL which was similar to the control group (n=49) at 1.04±1.40 ng/mL (p=0.207). However, the CNP concentration of patients with achondroplasia (n=17) was significantly higher (1.79±1.64 ng/mL) than the control group (p=0.032).
Conclusion: Our study contributes evidence concerning CNP values of both healthy children and children with skeletal dysplasia. Compared with healthy children, those with achondroplasia have elevated plasma levels of CNP. Further larger studies are necessary to assess the use CNP as a marker for the diagnosis and typing of skeletal dysplasia.
Lucjan Dobroszycki (1925–1995) – zapomniany historyk (nie tylko) Zagłady
Authors: Czyżewski Andrzej
Published: April 2022

Lucjan Dobroszycki (1925–1995) – a Forgotten Historian (Not Only) of the Holocaust The article aims to sketch the biography of a person who significantly contributed to the development of research on the history of the occupation in Poland, including the Holocaust, and who is wrongly marginalized in the Polish reflection on the evolution of this discipline. The text is based on the analysis of broadly understood historiographic sources. I focus primarily on the following problems: Dobroszycki’s intellectual biography; theoretical frameworks of his scientific work; his input to research on World War II and the Holocaust; last but not least Dobroszycki’s role in Polish-Jewish scientific dialogue.
Epistemologiczne aspekty dyskursu o uniwersytecie
Authors: Solska Ewa
Published: April 2022

Epistemological Aspects of the Discourse on University

The subject of the article oscillates around selected topics of science and technology studies in relation to the university space of institutionalization of science. The present proposition to extend metascience so that it comprises studies on the university and the anthropocene discourse is combined with an attempt to present these studies in the perspective of deep humanities, through consilience and the outline of the socio-cultural history of the university. Hence, I present here the view of social epistemology in the science in context discourse (in the style of Alvin Goldman rather than Thomas Kuhn), understood as a science about the social dimensions of knowledge, with an emphasis on epistemic processes and practices that provide space for the main factors influencing our beliefs, especially acts of communication and institutional structures. In this respect, this text can also be treated as a gloss to the contemporary dispute about the university and a reminder that this dispute should also be a reference point for the theory of social knowledge, taking into account the different contexts of interactions and their institutional complexity in which scientific facts (and most cognitive acts) are made.
Nieco nowego światła na niektóre z najstarszych dokumentów placówki joannitów w Poznaniu
Authors: Lange Tadeusz W.
Published: April 2022

Digitalizacja średniowiecznych dyplomów znajdujących się w posiadaniu Biblioteki Litewskiej Akademii Nauk im. Wróblewskich (dawnej Państwowej Biblioteki im. Eustachego i Emili Wróblewskich w W ilnie) i udostępnienie ich badaczom w kolorze i wysokiej rozdzielczości pozwalają na weryfikację dotychczasowych wyników badań dotyczących niektórych z najstarszych dokumentów poznańskiej komandorii joannitów, konkretnie dyplomów o nr. 104, 117 i w pewnym stopniu 213 z Kodeksu Dyplomatycznego Wielkopolski, T 1.

Shedding new light on some of the oldest documents from the monastery of the Knights of the Order of St John of Jerusalem in Poznań

The digitization of medieval diplomas that are the property of the Wróblewski Library at the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (formerly the Eustachy and Emilia Wróblewscy State Library in Vilnius) and sharing them with scholars in color and high resolution has enabled the verification of previous findings regarding some of the oldest documents of the Poznań commandery of the Knights of the Order of St John — namely, diplomas no. 104 and 117, and to some degree diploma no. 213, from the Greater Poland Diplomatic Code, vol. 1.
Starość wiejska z terenów pogranicza kujawsko-wielkopolskiego. Interpretacja międzywojennych świadectw notarialnych gwarantujących „dożywocie”
Authors: Gapiński Bartłomiej
Published: April 2022

Przedmiotem tekstu jest prezentacja źródła historycznego. Są nim dożywotnie zapisy notarialne stanowiące fragmenty na ogół umów kupna–sprzedaży (choć występują w darowiznach i testamentach). Analizowane źródło pochodzi z okresu międzywojennego i dokumentuje wieś pogranicza kujawsko-wielkopolskiego, czyli dawnego zaboru pruskiego. Autor rozpoczyna od prezentacji dynamicznie rozwijającej się dziedziny historii, jaką jest współcześnie historia starości. Przechodzi do ukazania determinantów wpływających na specyfikę starości ludowej, a następnie kieruje swój wywód do rekonstruowanej głównie przez etnologów i historyków starości osadzonej w kulturze magicznej (jak to sam określa „w micie”). W dalszej części pokazuje determinanty dożywocia w okresie zaboru pruskiego. Analizując międzywojnie, przytacza przykładowe fragmenty umów dożywotnich. Interpretuje treść owych dokumentów i ich odniesienie do rzeczywistości. Kończy podsumowaniem i nadmienia o istnieniu praktyki podobnych dokumentów także współcześnie.

The elderly in a rural region of the Kujawy and Greater Poland borderland. The analysis of inter-war notary certificates guaranteeing annuities

The paper aims at presenting a specific historical source, namely notarial annuity provisions typically included in sale agreements, but also used in acts of donation and wills. The analyzed source comes from the inter-war period and concerns a village in the Kujawy and Greater Poland borderland (former Prussian territory). In the first part, the author presents the dynamically developing field of history that is history of the elderly. Then, the determinants of the specific character of the elderly in rural areas are described. The next part discusses the concept of old age established in “magical culture” (or “myth”), which is mainly reconstructed by ethnologists and historians of old age. Afterwards, the determinants of annuities during the Prussian occupation are demonstrated. The inter-war period is analyzed based on sample excerpts from annuity agreements, with interpretation of these documents and the way they were implemented in reality. The paper ends with conclusions and a reference to similar documents still being drafted now.
A New Investigation of The Electronic Band Parameters for Cd1-xZnxS Quantum Dot Superlattices
Authors: Safta Nabil
Published: April 2022

This work reports on a theoretical investigation of superlattices based on Cd1-xZnxS quantum dots embedded in an insulating material. These structures, assumed to a series of flattened cylindrical quantum dots with a finite barrier at the boundary, are studied using the Kronig – Penney method when the well width depends on the superlattice period. The fundamental miniband has been computed, for electrons, as a function of zinc composition for different inter-quantum dot separations. As is found, the fundamental miniband width decreases with the zinc composition and the superlattice period separately. Moreover, this study is of a great interest for designing novel nano devices, particularly, the nonvolatile memories.
Sensitivity Analysis of COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics
Authors: Bhuju Gauri , Phaijoo Ganga Ram , Gurung Dil Bahadur
Published: April 2022

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus is spread between people during close contact via small droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, talking etc. In the present work, the transmission dynamics of the COVID- 19 is studied using SEIHR epidemic compartmental model. Basic reproduction number is computed with the help of the method of Next Generation Matrix. Stability of equilibrium points of the model is discussed. Sensitivity analysis of the model is performed to determine the relative importance of the model parameters. Simulations are made to illustrate the mathematical results graphically.
A Novel Bone Void Filler for Use in Prosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Evans David C , C Khandkar Ashok , Evans Bruce G
Published: April 2022

Bone grafts and Bone Void Fillers (BVF) have multiple applications in total joint reconstruction surgeries. However, despite their widespread use, they are contraindicated in Prosthetic Joint Infections (PJI). A BVF device is needed that will provide sustained antimicrobial protection to prevent biofilm formation and, ultimately, will resorb and be replaced by host bone. Currently, BVF are only used in noninfected cases in which powder antibiotics are added in hopes of preventing future infections. These BVF do not provide a sustained antibiotic level and, therefore, are not recommended for infected cases. A novel BVF, EP Granules with Tobramycin, was designed to fulfill the need for successful bone growth when infection is present. To create this unique and original BVF, an osteoconductive biomaterial was combined with clinically used degradable polymers, resulting in a composite ceramic polymer. Initial in-vitro elution studies followed by successful and animal in-vivo testing have demonstrated its effectiveness.
Güç Mesafesinin Demografik Niteliklerle Birlikte Sosyal Sermaye Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: OZDEMİR Lutfiye , YAYİK Fatma
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırma güç mesafesinin demografik özelliklerle birlikte sosyal sermaye üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verisi anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların tanımlayıcı bilgi formunda, güç mesafesi ölçeğinde ve sosyal sermaye ölçeğinde yer alan ifadelere cevap vermesi istenmiştir. Malatya Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Tekstil sektöründeki işletme çalışanları araştırmanın anakütlesini oluşturmaktadır. Anakütle içinden kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile seçilmiş toplam 401 çalışana anket uygulanmıştır. Bu nedenle araştırmanın örneklemi 401 çalışandan oluşmaktadır. Toplanan verinin analizinde öncelikle Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik testi yapılmıştır. Ardından hipotezlerin testi için çok yönlü regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak güç mesafesinin demografik özelliklerle birlikte sosyal sermaye ve onun öğeleri olan güven, norm ve sosyal ağlar üzerinde etkili oldukları saptanmıştır.
Roles of microRNAs in metabolic reprogramming of breast cancer
Authors: Feng Fan , Yu Qingqing , Zhang Feng
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer cells exhibit deregulated metabolism. They require increased glucose uptake and glycolysis-associated enzymes to produce adenosine triphosphate by aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation. Glutamine metabolism and fatty acid synthesis are also enhanced to meet the rapid and sustained cell growth. Triple-negative breast cancer and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive breast cancers demonstrate significant metabolic reprograming with increased levels of glucose and glutamine metabolism. Increasing evidences also suggest that micro-ribonucleic acids play important roles in the regulation of metabolic enzymes of breast cancer cells in post-transcriptional manner. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and oestrogen receptor signalling pathways could have crosstalk with micro-ribonucleic acids in metabolic regulation network. The current narrative review was planned to go through recent advances on the role of micro-ribonucleic acids on metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer cells.
Key Words: Breast cancer, Phenotype, miRNA, Metabolic reprogramming, Glycolysis, Glutamine.
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Cognitive behaviour hypnotherapy and Nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: intervention study
Authors: Qureshi Halima Sadia , Sadiq Urooj
Published: April 2022

Objective: To identify the effect of cognitive behaviour hypnotherapy on nonsuicidal self-injury condition.
Methods: The quasi-experimental study was conducted from May 2019 to April 2020 in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised students aged 18-25 years at various universities and colleges in the twin cities. The participants were screened using deliberate self-harm inventory for >2 events without suicidal intention in line with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition. They were then divided into two intervention and control groups. Over the following three months, the intervention group received cognitive behaviour hypnotherapy, while the control group did not receive any treatment. The groups were assessed post-intervention. The final phase comprised follow-up assessment of the condition. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 60 subjects, there were 30(50%) in each of the two groups. Overall, there were 41(68%) males and 19(32%) females. The majority of the subjects were aged 21-23 years 29(48%). More than 5 self-harm incidents were reported by 48(80%) subjects, while suicidal ideation was detected in 6(10%) students. The effect size of the study was good in terms of pre- and post-intervention values (d=4.90), the post-intervention and follow-up assessment values (d=0.32) and the pre-intervention and follow-up values (d=5.42). The comparison between treatment and no treatment groups indicated the effectiveness of treatment over no-treatment, F (1, 58) = 53.16, p < .001.
Conclusion: Cognitive behaviour hypnotherapy was found to be effective in treating the nonsuicidal self-injury condition.
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An Analysis of breakthrough seizures and related factors in pediatric epilepsy patients
Authors: Khalid Hina , Arif Saeed , Hashmat Asif , Shaheer Arif  , Farrukh Huma
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of breakthrough seizures among paediatric patients suffering from epilepsy, and factors related to theprecipitation of these seizures.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1, 2018, to July 1, 2020, at the Combined Military Hospital Lahore and the Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised children of either gender aged 2-12 years diagnosed with any type of epilepsy presenting at the children outpatient department. Diagnosis of epilepsy was established by either a consultant adult neurophysician or a consultant paediatrician. The presence of breakthrough seizures was assessed by obtaining detailed history from the patient and the primary caregiver. Socio-demographic profile, duration of epilepsy and poly-pharmacy were noted. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 450 subjects, 259(57.6%) were boys and 191(42.4%) were girls. The overall mean age was 6.353±4.732 years. The presence of breakthrough seizures was noted in 227(50.4%) subjects. Children with young age, with low family income, and those in need of poly-pharmacy showed significantly higher odds for breakthrough seizures (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The incidence of breakthrough seizures in epileptic children was high despite the anticonvulsant agents that were previously effective in controlling seizures.
Key Words: Breakthrough seizures, Childhood epilepsy, Anticonvulsants, Risk factors.
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Impact of paternal alcohol consumption on fetus and adolescence
Authors: Farooqui Sabeeh Khawar , Mehak Barolia
Published: April 2022

Madam, Ethanol being a carcinogen as well as a teratogen agent can be injurious to the consumer but also can induce cognitional impairments in the progeny. However, chronic consumption significantly impacts liver and cardiovascular system leading to alcoholic liver or heart diseases.  The alcohol consumption per capita of males in Pakistan is known to be significantly higher than that of women (1). Paternal alcohol consumption has harmful and adverse effects on developing fetus (3), leading to behavioral and intellectual problems within the adolescent age group. Despite its delirious effect, alcohol consumption has increased in Pakistan over the years. The total increase in alcohol consumption per capita (15+) age group has a value of 0.084 from the interval 2000-2018 which is quite significant when compared to Bangladesh which shows a drastic drop to a value of 0.056 in its alcohol consumption per capita in the same time interval (3). As of yet, there is no proper awareness regarding the harmful effects of paternal alcohol consumption in this high risk age group.
A study in 2015 suggested that paternal ethanol induces physiologic abnormalities in offspring in the absence of maternal ethanol exposure (2). A prior study published in 1984 also concluded that paternal alcohol usage affects cognitive behavior and decreases the performance of their child (age 16+) with regards to his intelligence (4). Cognitive battery test, showed that sons of alcoholic fathers have a delayed first response time compared with non-alcoholic fathers (p<0.01).
According to statistical data by The World Bank in 2018, it was recorded that alcohol consumption rate is 0.57 per capita in males aged (15+) in Pakistan (3), This triggers an alarming situation that the next few generations in Pakistan may face severe consequences of foetal disorders leading to cognitive disabilities in children (age 16+). Physicians should ensure to counsel the couple regarding the adverse effects of alcohol on childbirth and its after-effects in the adolescent age. If planning to conceive, the couple should be mindful of reducing the consumption of alcohol. Moreover, the couple should discuss this matter with the physician if they are chronic alcohol consumers so that they are aware of the consequences of alcohol consumption beforehand.
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Fight against the delta variant! where does Pakistan stand?
Authors: Dayab Asad  , Syed Hasan Shuja  , Ganesh Kumar
Published: April 2022

Dear Madam, Since its first appearance in India in December 2020, the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant has spread across 85 countries as of yet. Its rapid proliferation has enforced WHO to classify the strain as a “variant of concern”. Equipped with 10 spike protein mutations (T19R, (G142D*), 156del, 157del, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N), especially the P681R mutation at the cleavage site S1-S2,1 the virus now has the ability to replicate and transmit at a rate much faster than the original SARS-CoV-2. This is evident from the fact that it is detectable in infected individuals just under 4 days after it’s contraction, with a viral load 1,260 times higher, as compared to 6 days with the earliest form.2
Researchers are uncertain regarding the efficacy of existing vaccines against the delta strain. A recent preliminary study analysed the efficacy of BNT162b2 (Pfizer) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) against the mutated version. The study revealed markedly lower effectiveness after one dose, and moderate effectiveness after two doses among people infected with delta variant for both the vaccines.3 The recent finding is daunting for Pakistan as the nation has seen a rapid surge in delta variant cases. In Karachi alone, the positivity ratio has inflated up to an alarming level of 23.6% with the major hospitals operating at full capacity.4 Although the process of vaccination is ongoing, still 20202951(20 million) individuals remain partially vaccinated,5 while the rest of the population remains unvaccinated which poses a serious concern for Pakistan since such individuals, as stated earlier, are at a greater risk of contracting the delta variant.3 Considering that the virus will continue to mutate, it is imperative that preventive guidelines including the use of a mask, social distancing must be practiced and travel restrictions must be imposed in order to curtail the spread. Additionally, booster shots can be administered to increase the efficacy of these vaccines.
Moreover, a study conducted on mice evaluated the response of recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus (AdC7) vaccine expressing S, receptor-binding domain (RBD) or tandem-repeat dimeric RBD (RBD-tr2) (AdC7-RBD-tr2) administered via intramuscular (systemic) and intranasal (mucosal) route. This vaccine exhibited a greater neutralising effect on the delta variant than the existing vaccines. The intranasal administration  produced mucosal immunity with neutralizing activity in Broncho alveolar lavage fluid thus offering greater protection to the respiratory tract, a quintessential goal to terminate SARS-CoV-2 transmission.6
INFLUENCE OF TEACHER FEATURES ON INSTRUCTIONAL QUALITY IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA
Authors: Alabi Christianah , Awolola Oluwatoyin
Published: April 2022

Purpose: In contemporary time, delivery of undesirable instructional quality (IQ) in Nigeria’s education system, particularly in public secondary education has gradually become a serious concern to education stakeholders. The challenge seemly to be associated with teacher factors (such as qualification, experienced and professionalism) among other factors. Thus, this study investigated influence of teacher features on instructional quality in public secondary schools in the South-west, Nigeria.

Methodology; This study adopted descriptive survey research design. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed. Random sampling technique was used to select 1,440 respondents (1,200 teachers and 240 principals) which were in 240 public secondary schools in Southwest, Nigeria. One self-design and adopted rating scale were scrutinized and validated by experts from the field of Evaluation and Management, after which modifications was made. Teacher Factor Questionnaire (r = 0.87) and Instructional Quality Rating Scale (r = 0.85) were administered. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were employed to answer three research questions and test one hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance respectively.

Findings: The results revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between teacher qualification and IQ (r = 0.28; p< 0.05); teacher experience; (r = 0.27; p< 0.05) and teacher professionalism (r = 0.30; p<0.05). The composite relationship between all the independent variables and dependent variable further revealed that R = 0.40. Professionalism had the highest significant influence on IQ (β= 0.29; t= 3.24; p <0.05); followed by teacher experience (β = 0.22; t = 5.54; p<0.05) and qualifications, (β = - 0.03; t = -0.37; p>0.05).  This led to the fact that the independent variables accounted for 15.3% of the total variance in the IQ in public secondary schools in Southwest (Adjusted R2 = 0.153). This composite influence is shown to be statistically significant (F (7, 606) = 16.83; p < 0.05.

Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study uncovered and pointed the influence of teachers’ professionalism, experience and education qualification as a major dependable and benchmarks for achieving IQ in the school setting. The adopted Systems theory clarifies intra-relationship of each variable with IQ and inter-relationship among the variables in the study. Likewise, it confirmed IQ as a fundamental factor to the success of the school operation. Moreover, it established the transformation process (in teaching-learning process), which in turn enhance achieving educational objectives and school’s future productivity.
Implementasi Pengamanan Data pada Dokumen Menggunakan Algoritma Kriptografi Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Authors: Azhari Muhammad , Mulyana Dadang Iskandar , Perwitosari Faizal Joko , Ali Firhan
Published: April 2022

Ringkasan Seiring berjalannya waktu, kemajuan teknologi komputer dan telekomunikasi telah menjadi kebutuhan yang sangat berguna untuk melakukan banyak tugas dengan cepat, tepat, dan akurat. Namun, diyakini bahwa aspek keamanan data penting untuk informasi sensitif, karena juga memiliki efek negatif dari orang yang tidak berwenang menyadap data penting. Enkripsi adalah salah satu  solusi atau metode keamanan data terbaik untuk menjaga kerahasiaan dan keandalan data Anda, serta dapat meningkatkan  keamanan  data atau informasi Anda. Kriptografi adalah bidang ilmiah yang mempelajari teknologi enkripsi data. Kriptografi dibagi menjadi dua jenis, klasik dan modern, dengan kunci simetris dan asimetris. Kunci simetris adalah Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) atau kadang disebut sebagai Rijndael. AES adalah algoritma enkripsi aman untuk melindungi data atau informasi sensitif menggunakan berbagai teknik enkripsi dan dekripsi  panjang kunci seperti 128-bit, 192 bit, dan 256 bit. Pada tahun 2001, Pada  proses  enkripsi AES  mengunakan  4  transformasi  dasar  dengan  urutan trasformasisubbytes,  shiftrows,  mixcolumns, danaddroundkey. Sedangkan  pada  proses  dekripsi  mengunakan invers   semua   transformasi   dasar   pada   algoritma   AES kecuali addroundkey dengan   urutan   transformasi invshiftrows,  invsubbytes,  addroundkey,dan  invmixcolumns. proses  enkripsi  diawali  dengan menentukan plaintext dan key nya. Selanjutnya  dilakukan  beberapa  trnsformasi  dasar  seperti subbytes,  shiftrows,  mixcolumns, danaddroundkey. Akan  tetapi  ketika  melakukan  trasformasi  data  yang  diproses  pada  setiap  trasformasi  berupa  data  biner  dari heksadesimal. Kriptografi AES memiliki ruang kunci yang untuk digunakan sehingga terhindar dari pencurian data.
OBESITY IN CHILDREN AND TYPE 2 DIABETICS' LIPID PROFILES
Authors: JASIM Anam Aziz , MOHAMMED Taghreed Khudhur , JABBAR Alaa Abdulkhaliq
Published: April 2022

Background: in general, obesity is defined as an excessive buildup of a person's body fat. The Body mass index -BMI is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of his height in meters. It's a simple test that's more frequently used to diagnose adult obesity and overweight. The BMI percentiles for age and gender are used since the quantity of body fat in children is distinct from that in adults due to variations in age and sex. Obesity in children is a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in the developed world, but it is also on the increase in developing countries. Objective: To determine the incidence of childhood obesity and potential risk factors among children aged 6 to 12 in Baghdad's primary schools. Methods: eighty children (38 boys and 42 girls), aged from 6 to 9 years were suffered from obesity and type II diabetes were chosen in the current study. Venous blood samples were collected from children during the period from January 1 to December 25, 2020. White blood cell count (WBCs); PCV; platelets; Triglyceride; cholesterol; LDL; HDL; and blood sugar were measured. The weight and height of each child were also measured. Results: The highest incidence of obesity was among the 9-year-old boys who were 126-128 centimeters (cm) in length and weighed 34-35 kg, and the BMI for this age group was 21.4% kg/m² and the percentile range was 96%, this means that children suffer from overweight. Nine-year-old girls also recorded the highest range of BMI, as it was 22-23.2 kg/m² and percentile range 99%-102%, which means that they suffer from overweight as is the case with boys, there were no significant differences between boys and girls with regard to BMI, as all of them suffer from obesity. The results showed that most of the children had less than normal platelet count and packed cell volume, whereas the proportions of triglycerides, LDL and HDL were high. All the children in the current study were eating multiple meals (more than 5 meals per day) rich in fats and sweets, sedentary and inactive, tired quickly, their comprehension is slow in the study, and they do not go to school on foot, but ride in one of the parents' cars, which reduces the speed of burning fat and the appearance of obesity in them. Conclusion: According to this study, obesity and overweight have several causes. According to the study, sedentary activity and the consumption of unhealthy foods are all risk factors. Obesity and diabetes may result as a result of this.
Redescription of Cestode Circumoncobothrium shindei in Freshwater Fish Mastacembelus armatus from Gangapur Dam Dist. Nasik (M.S) India
Authors: Sonawane S. V.  , D. B. Goswami  , K. P. Birari
Published: April 2022

The study deals with the redescription of the Circumoncobothrium shindei (1977) in freshwater fish Mastacembelus armatus from Gangapur dam, Dist. Nasik. The scolex is large well developed, which is narrow anteriorly and broad posteriorly, the anterior end of the scolex is bluntly triangular. Gravid segment is broader then longer. Ovary is bilobed and dumbbell- shaped. Vitellaria are follicular arranged in 2-3 rows, eggs are operculated, oval in shape. As the characters are minor. It is redescribed here as Circumoncobothrium shindei, 1977.
Selection principles: s-Menger and s-Rothberger-bounded groups
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Asad , Khan Moiz ud Din
Published: April 2022

In this paper, selection principles are defined and studied in the realm of irresolute topological groups. Especially, s-Menger-bounded and s-Rothberger-bounded type covering properties are introduced and studied.
Topologically mixing extensions of endomorphisms on Polish groups
Authors: Burke John , Pinheiro Leonardo
Published: April 2022

In this paper we study the dynamics of continuous endomorphisms on Polish groups. We offer necessary and sufficient conditions for a continuous endomorphism on a Polish group to be weakly mixing. We prove that any continuous endomorphism of an abelian Polish group can be extended in a natural way to a topologically mixing endomorphism on the countable infinite product of said group.
Fixed point index computations for multivalued mapping and application to the problem of positive eigenvalues in ordered space
Authors: Tri Vo Viet
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we present some results on fixed point index calculations for multivalued mappings and apply them to prove the existence of solutions to multivalued equations in ordered space, under flexible conditions for the positive eigenvalue.
Beyond the Hausdorff metric in digital topology
Authors: Boxer Laurence
Published: April 2022

Two objects may be close in the Hausdorff metric, yet have very different geometric and topological properties. We examine other methods of comparing digital images such that objects close in each of these measures have some similar geometric or topological property. Such measures may be combined with the Hausdorff metric to yield a metric in which close images are similar with respect to multiple properties.
Metodología híbrida para la estimación del nivel de llenado en un molino de bolas
Authors: Da Cunha e Silva Luiz Carlos , Andrade Romero Jesus Franklin
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo presenta una metodología híbrida de modelado basada en técnicas de respuesta dinámica, filtrado e identificación, considerando el dominio del tiempo y la frecuencia, para determinar el modelo representativo de un molino de bolas de acoplamiento fijo. Se proponen modelos para el accionamiento eléctrico, reductor mecánico y carga, sin la necesidad de desacoplamiento físico. Los parámetros eléctricos se determinan utilizando técnicas de filtrado de variable de estado, regresión lineal y mínimos cuadrados recursivos, y los parámetros mecánicos se identifican considerando solo el tiempo de aceleración del sistema. Se realiza un ajuste final del conjunto de parámetros mediante la técnica de mínimos cuadrados no lineales. Basado en el modelo completo del molino, se propone un estimador del par de carga, utilizando filtros de paso alto, y se presenta una estimación de la cantidad de carga del molino. Las simulaciones numéricas del modelo determinado, en diferentes condiciones de operación del molino, muestran una buena aproximación con resultados experimentales. Por lo tanto, la metodología híbrida propuesta, basada tanto en el modelado dinámico como en análisis de señales, presenta potencial para ayudar en el proyecto de procesos de supervisión y control del molino de bolas de acoplamiento fijo.
WGANVO: odometría visual monocular basada en redes adversarias generativas
Authors: Cremona Javier Alejandro , Uzal Lucas , Pire Taihú
Published: April 2022

Los sistemas tradicionales de odometría visual (VO), directos o basados en características visuales, son susceptibles de cometer errores de correspondencia entre imágenes. Además, las configuraciones monoculares sólo son capaces de estimar la localización sujeto a un factor de escala, lo que hace imposible su uso inmediato en aplicaciones de robótica o realidad virtual. Recientemente, varios problemas de Visión por Computadora han sido abordados con éxito por algoritmos de Aprendizaje Profundo. En este trabajo presentamos un sistema de odometría visual monocular basado en Aprendizaje Profundo llamado WGANVO. Específicamente, entrenamos una red neuronal basada en GAN para regresionar una estimación de movimiento. El modelo resultante recibe un par de imágenes y estima el movimiento relativo entre ellas. Entrenamos la red neuronal utilizando un enfoque semi-supervisado. A diferencia de los sistemas monoculares tradicionales basados en geometría, nuestro método basado en Deep Learning es capaz de estimar la escala absoluta de la escena sin información extra ni conocimiento previo. Evaluamos WGANVO en el conocido conjunto de datos KITTI. Demostramos que nuestro sistema funciona en tiempo real y la precisión obtenida alienta a seguir desarrollando sistemas de localización basados en Aprendizaje Profundo.
Irene vista de dentro, outra vez. Ou, sobre um aprendizer e um ensinar-traduzir [matemática]
Authors: Machado Rosilene Beatriz
Published: April 2022

Esse texto, de inspiração wittgensteiniana, intenta iluminar alguns aspectos conceituais de aprender e ensinar [matemática]. Sugere-se que o aprender está na ordem do dizer e que ensinar está na ordem do traduzir. Não se propõe qualquer teorização, apenas um convite a, pela linguagem, reconhecer que é possível assumir outros pontos de vista sobre a significação de tais conceitos.
“Much to See and Admire”
Authors: Reginaldo Lucilene , Dantas Lobato Bruna
Published: April 2022

Brotherhoods’ patron feasts were their main devotional and social activity.
Celebrated annually, it was the most notable as well as the moment of
the greatest public visibility for members. The celebration could bring a
great deal of prestige to the governing board and the whole brotherhood,
attracting new members. Beyond this, the feast was an opportunity for
the brotherhood to show its capacity to organize funerals, along with
burial at a holy place, which constituted a key source of income and a
major attractive to potential members. This was also another aspect of
the celebrations: they functioned as a space for dancing, music, and the
consumption of food and alcoholic beverages. The election and coronation
of kings and queens was a unique part of this aspect of the celebration.
This chapter analyzes the festivities organized by black brotherhoods
in eighteenth-century Salvador, Brazil, underscoring various aspects of
their confraternal life and the economic and political activity (within and
without the brotherhood) undertaken to stage these festivities.
Plat Nomor Kendaraan dengan Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Hindarto Djarot , Santoso Handri
Published: April 2022

The development of Deep Learning technology is very good at detecting Objects. One of them is detection on the vehicle number plate. This method can be applied to Computer Vision to process images using DensetNet121, NasNetLarge, VGG16 and VGG19 methods. The most basic difference between Machine Learning and Deep Learning is the inclusion of a Hidden Layer and what distinguishes the Deep Learning process using neurons as a process from input, process to output. Feature extraction is done directly with the Deep Learning process. In terms of time, training models with Deep Learning are very long, when compared to Machine Learning. The dataset comes from Kaggle, then training is carried out with four Deep Learning models, resulting in a model. There are differences in conducting the training process. Before carrying out the Training process, a pre-paration process from the Image Dataset is carried out. The dataset is divided into two parts, the Training Dataset and the Testing Dataset. After the training model is completed, it is continued with the Testing process and measuring the performance of the model's accuracy. The accuracy of the four models resulting from Deep Learning training is also presented
Opinión pre-electoral y sentido del voto en El Salvador
Authors: Martín Baró Ignacio
Published: April 2022

Una serie de encuestas realizadas por el IUDOP con anterioridad a las elecciones del 20 de marzo de 1988 permite comprender mejor el sentido de la votación misma y de los resultados obtenidos. De un modo consistente con la opinión expresada a lo largo de los dos últimos años, la población salvadoreña considera que los principales problemas que afectan al país son la crisis económica, la guerra y el desempleo. Frente a la creciente tendencia a pensar que "solo Dios" puede resolver estos problemas, la proximidad de las elecciones parece haber influido en la idea de que un cambio de gobierno podría contribuir a su resolución. La mayoría de la población expresa una voluntad de ir a votar, aunque muchos piensen que todo va a seguir igual y aun peor después de las elecciones. Tres son las características que más se desean en los candidatos políticos: la honestidad, la vocación popular y la capacidad. Pero los candidatos para las elecciones de marzo de 1988 reciben una baja evaluación promedio, en algunos casos incluso de sus propios correligionarios. De ahí que un elevado porcentaje de salvadoreños considere que ninguno de los partidos merece su voto o que quienes se definen opten mayoritariamente por el principal partido de oposición. Se trata de una expresión clara de lo que en política se conoce como un "voto de castigo". 
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 43, No. 473-474, 1988: 213-223.
OS QUATRO PILARES DA EDUCAÇÃO E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NA FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR DE SOCIOLOGIA: APLICAÇÃO PRÁTICA DO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO NO ENSINO MÉDIO - UM DIÁLOGO NECESSÁRIO ENTRE AS DISCIPLINAS DE DIDÁTICA, METODOLOGIA E PRÁTICA DO ENSINO DA SOCIOLOGIA E A METODOLOGIA DO TRABALHO CIENTÍFICO
Authors: de Souza Dantas Hildeci
Published: April 2022

O artigo em pauta objetiva discorrer acerca do (projeto/estudo) de estágio supervisionado quando atrelado na busca do fazer docente dentro dos quatro pilares da educação e a influencia que se tem na formação do professor de Sociologia alinhando, contudo, num embasamento teórico por meio das áreas (correlatas/disciplinas) que versam de fato uma boa aplicação prática do estágio supervisionado na condição de docente do nível médio. Para tanto, cunhou-se de uma análise na prática do professor de Sociologia em sala de aula traçando dentro do posto de trabalho os quatro pilares da educação – (aprender a conhecer, aprender a fazer, aprender a conviver e a aprender a ser). Nesse sentido, a proposta de intervenção na prática quando arguido neste (projeto/estudo) foi o de buscar por meio de um diálogo pleno e exitoso na prática do professor de Sociologia em formação focado dentre 3 (três) disciplinas de cunho metodológico de pesquisa-ação/reflexão-ação, a saber: a Didática, a Metodologia e Prática do Ensino da Sociologia e a Metodologia do Trabalho Científico. No mais, o mérito deste trabalho - (artigo-trabalho/projeto) - consiste na atuação do professor de Sociologia ao passo que (o favorecimento do conhecimento e da aprendizagem) esteja atrelado da necessidade do alunado que estão no nível médio possam entender da urgência de (aprender a aprender) como um dos resultados propostos para a sua realidade empírica do notório saber, pois as instituições do presente século conclamam por novas (habilidades, conhecimentos e atitudes) gerando com esse aparato uma nova ordem na prática do alunado de Sociologia e no dia a dia do professor de Sociologia bem como do futuro profissional e suas competências. O estudo nesse (artigo-trabalho/projeto) é de uma pesquisa do tipo bibliográfica e (aplicação/prática) de ensino do professor de Sociologia quando em (ação-reflexão/prática) na sala de aula. Ainda a esse respeito, a interdisciplinaridade neste trabalho serviu como um (aliado-chave) na condução da prática de ensino nas três áreas do conhecimento e seu (diálogo-prático) de novas competências do cotidiano e vida acadêmica para ambos – (alunos e docente), este último, quando atrelado ao seu (ofício/professor) de Sociologia.