bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Situational Analysis of Palliative Care Education in Thai Medical Schools
Authors: Suvarnabhumi Krishna , Sowanna Non , Jiraniramai Surin , Jaturapatporn Darin , Kanitsap Nonglak , Soorapanth Chiroj , Thanaghumtorn Kanate , Limratana Napa , Akkayagorn Lanchasak , Staworn Dusit , Praditsuwan Rungnirand , Uengarporn Naporn , Sirithanawutichai Teabaluck , Konchalard Komwudh , Tangsangwornthamma Chaturon , Vasinanukorn Mayuree , Phungrassami Temsak
Published: October 2013

Objective

The Thai Medical School Palliative Care Network conducted this study to establish the current state of palliative care education in Thai medical schools.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was given to 2 groups that included final year medical students and instructors in 16 Thai medical schools. The questionnaire covered 4 areas related to palliative care education.

Results

An insufficient proportion of students (defined as fewer than 60%) learned nonpain symptoms control (50.0%), goal setting and care planning (39.0%), teamwork (38.7%), and pain management (32.7%). Both medical students and instructors reflected that palliative care education was important as it helps to improve quality of care and professional competence. The percentage of students confident to provide palliative care services under supervision of their senior, those able to provide services on their own, and those not confident to provide palliative care services were 57.3%, 33.3%, and 9.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

The lack of knowledge in palliative care in students may lower their level of confidence to practice palliative care. In order to prepare students to achieve a basic level of competency in palliative care, each medical school has to carefully put palliative care content into the undergraduate curriculum.
Stability and semiclassics in self-generated fields
Authors: Erdős László , Fournais Søren , Solovej Jan Philip
Published: October 2013

We consider non-interacting particles subject to a fixed external potential

V

and a self-generated magnetic field

B

. The total energy includes the field energy

\beta \int B^2

and we minimize over all particle states and magnetic fields. In the case of spin-

1/2

particles this minimization leads to the coupled Maxwell-Pauli system. The parameter

\beta

tunes the coupling strength between the field and the particles and it effectively determines the strength of the field. We investigate the stability and the semiclassical asymptotics,

h\to0

, of the total ground state energy

E(\beta, h, V)

. The relevant parameter measuring the field strength in the semiclassical limit is

\kappa=\beta h

. We are not able to give the exact leading order semiclassical asymptotics uniformly in

\kappa

or even for fixed

\kappa

. We do however give upper and lower bounds on

E

with almost matching dependence on

\kappa

. In the simultaneous limit

h\to0

and

\kappa\to\infty

we show that the standard non-magnetic Weyl asymptotics holds. The same result also holds for the spinless case, i.e. where the Pauli operator is replaced by the Schrödinger operator.
Recent lake ice‐out phenology within and among lake districts of Alaska, U.S.A
Authors: Arp Christopher D. , Jones Benjamin M. , Grosse Guido
Published: October 2013

The timing of ice‐out in high latitudes is a fundamental threshold for lake ecosystems and an indicator of climate change. In lake‐rich regions, the loss of ice cover also plays a key role in landscape and climatic processes. Thus, there is a need to understand lake ice phenology at multiple scales. In this study, we observed ice‐out timing on 55 large lakes in 11 lake districts across Alaska from 2007 to 2012 using satellite imagery. Sensor networks in two lake districts validated satellite observations and provided comparison with smaller lakes. Over this 6 yr period, the mean lake ice‐out for all lakes was 27 May and ranged from 07 May in Kenai to 06 July in Arctic Coastal Plain lake districts with relatively low inter‐annual variability. Approximately 80% of the variation in ice‐out timing was explained by the date of 0°C air temperature isotherm and lake area. Shoreline irregularity, watershed area, and river connectivity explained additional variation in some districts. Coherence in ice‐out timing within the lakes of each district was consistently strong over this 6 yr period, ranging from r‐values of 0.5 to 0.9. Inter‐district analysis of coherence also showed synchronous ice‐out patterns with the exception of the two arctic coastal districts where ice‐out occurs later (June‐July) and climatology is sea‐ice influenced. These patterns of lake ice phenology provide a spatially extensive baseline describing short‐term temporal variability, which will help decipher longer term trends in ice phenology and aid in representing the role of lake ice in land and climate models in northern landscapes.
Ammonium uptake and dinitrogen fixation by the unicellular nanocyanobacterium Crocosphaera watsonii in nitrogen‐limited continuous cultures
Authors: Masuda Takako , Furuya Ken , Kodama Taketoshi , Takeda Shigenobu , Harrison Paul J.
Published: October 2013

Ammonium uptake and nitrogen (N) fixation of the unicellular nanocyanobacterium Crocosphaera watsonii isolated from the western subtropical North Pacific were determined in N‐limited continuous cultures. Six steady‐state growth rates ranging from 0.10 to 0.35 d−1, corresponding to 20–75% of the maximum growth rate, were established under saturating light. Unlike other larger diazotrophs, nitrogen fixation of C. watsonii was not inhibited by ambient ammonium ranging from < 3 to 59 nmol L−1, and nitrogen fixation did not vary consistently with dilution rate and ranged from 4.4 to 12.9 fmol N cell−1 d−1, with the highest rates at intermediate dilution rates. In contrast, ammonium uptake increased significantly with increasing dilution rates over the range of 10 to 80 fmol N cell−1 d−1 and contributed 65–95% to the daily cellular N requirement. The dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) excretion increased with increasing dilution rate; however, only a small portion of assimilated nitrogen was excreted as DON. In contrast, in ammonium‐free medium, where N assimilation occurred only by dinitrogen (N2) fixation, 60% of the fixed N was excreted. Interestingly, ammonium enrichment did not increase the growth rate of C. watsonii, but cellular contents of N, phosphorus, and chlorophyll a significantly increased for most dilution rates compared with cells grown in ammonium‐free medium. C. watsonii was capable of fixing N2 while taking up ammonium at environmentally relevant low concentrations of < 3 nmol L−1, and N2 fixation was independent of nanomolar concentrations. Therefore, C. watsonii can compete with nondiazotrophic phytoplankton for ammonium in oligotrophic subtropical gyres.
Screening for Birth Defects Strategies for Developing Low Resource Countries
Authors: Khurana Ashok , Suresh S , Lulla Chander , Bora Rishabh , Acharya Hriday , Bora Neharika Malhotra , Acharya Prashant
Published: October 2013

Most low resource countries have no definite policies laid down for screening for fetal abnormalities and prenatal diagnostic techniques. The problem with screening scans and prenatal diagnostic techniques is the variable way in which they are conducted. There are no clear guidelines about what should, or what should not be done. What is needed is a standard for a routine anomaly scan.

In the past 10 to 15 years, major advances have been made in prenatal screening. It has been suggested that maternal age alone as a screening strategy should be abandoned, but there is still no consensus on the most cost-effective alternative, and thus no national strategy exists.

This document will provide parameters for obstetricians, radiologists and sonographers–how much screening could be accomplished within the available resources. With the help of prenatal diagnostic technique guideline we will be able to achieve a methodical, uniform and cost-effective way of fetal evaluation.

How to cite this article

Acharya P, Malhotra J, Malhotra N, Suresh S, Khurana A, Lulla C, Acharya H, Bora NM, Bora R, Malhotra K. Screening for Birth Defects Strategies for Developing Low Resource Countries. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):453-461.
Intrauterine Transfusions in FHD: When and How?
Authors: Wielgos Miroslaw , Brawura-Biskupski-Samaha Robert
Published: October 2013

Intrauterine fetal blood transfusions still remain the gold standard of prenatal therapy in severe cases of fetal hemolytic disease due to mother-fetus immunization. Middle cerebral artery-peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) measurements plays the most important role in diagnosing the disease. A value of MCA-PSV >1.5 allows us to diagnose severe or moderate anemia and prompts us to treat the patient. The time of subsequent transfusions is estimated by the hemoglobin level directly after the transfusion and the fact that the concentration of fetal hemoglobin in blood decreases at a rate of 0.3 g% per day. Even though effective, these procedures carry with them major risks and that is why prophylaxis is essential.

How to cite this article

Wielgos M, Brawura-Biskupski- Samaha R. Intrauterine Transfusions in FHD: When and How? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):481-483.
Testing long-term summer temperature reconstruction based on maximum density chronologies obtained by reanalysis of tree-ring datasets from northernmost Sweden and Finland
Authors: Matskovsky V. V. , Helama S.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Here we analysed the maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies of two published tree-ring datasets: from Torneträsk region in northernmost Sweden (TORN, Melvin et al., 2013) and from northern Fennoscandia (FENN, Esper et al., 2012). We paid particular attention to the MXD low-frequency variations to reconstruct long-term summer (June–August, JJA) temperature history. We used published methods of tree-ring standardization: regional curve (RC) standardization, combined with signal-free (SF) implementation. Comparisons with a single-RC (RC1) and multiple-RC (RC2) were also carried out. We develop a novel method of standardization, the correction (C) implementation to SF (hence, RC1SFC or RC2SFC), tailored for detection of pure low-frequency signal in tree-ring chronologies. In this method, the error in RC1SF (or RC2SF) chronology, is analytically assessed and extracted to produce a RC1SFC or RC2SFC chronology. In TORN, the RC1SF chronology shows higher correlation with summer temperature (JJA) than RC1SFC, whereas in FENN the temperature signals of RC1SF chronology is improved by correction implementation (RC1SFC). The highest correlation between differently standardized chronologies for two datasets is obtained using FENN-RC2SFC and TORN-RC1 chronologies. Focusing on lowest frequencies, the importance of correction becomes obvious as the chronologies become progressively more correlative with RC1SFC and RC2SFC implementations. Subsampling the FENN data (which presents a higher number of samples than TORN dataset) to the chronology sample size of TORN data shows that the chronologies consistently bifurcate during the 7th, 9th, 17th and 20th centuries. We used the two MXD datasets to reconstruct summer temperature variations over the period −48–2010 calendar years. Our new reconstruction shows multi-decadal to multi-centennial variability with changes in the amplitude of the summer temperature of 2.6 °C in average during the Common Era.
The role of hydrological transience in peatland pattern formation
Authors: Morris P. J. , Baird A. J. , Belyea L. R.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. The sloping flanks of peatlands are commonly patterned with non-random, contour-parallel stripes of distinct micro-habitats such as hummocks, lawns and hollows. Patterning seems to be governed by feedbacks among peatland hydrological processes, plant micro-succession, plant litter production and peat decomposition. An improved understanding of peatland patterning may provide important insights into broader aspects of the long-term development of peatlands and their likely response to future climate change. We recreated a cellular simulation model from the literature, as well as three subtle variants of the model, to explore the controls on peatland patterning. Our models each consist of three submodels, which simulate: peatland water tables in a gridded landscape, micro-habitat dynamics in response to water-table depths, and changes in peat hydraulic properties. We found that the strength and nature of simulated patterning was highly dependent on the degree to which water tables had reached a steady state in response to hydrological inputs. Contrary to previous studies, we found that under a true steady state the models predict largely unpatterned landscapes that cycle rapidly between contrasting dry and wet states, dominated by hummocks and hollows, respectively. Realistic patterning only developed when simulated water tables were still transient. Literal interpretation of the degree of hydrological transience required for patterning suggests that the model should be discarded; however, the transient water tables appear to have inadvertently replicated an ecological memory effect that may be important to peatland patterning. Recently buried peat layers may remain hydrologically active despite no longer reflecting current vegetation patterns, thereby highlighting the potential importance of three-dimensional structural complexity in peatlands to understanding the two-dimensional surface-patterning phenomenon. The models were highly sensitive to the assumed values of peat hydraulic properties, which we take to indicate that the models are missing an important negative feedback between peat decomposition and changes in peat hydraulic properties. Understanding peatland patterning likely requires the unification of cellular landscape models such as ours with cohort-based models of long-term peatland development.
Electrical resistivity tomography for studying liquefaction induced by the May 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake (Mw = 6.1, North Italy)
Authors: Giocoli A. , Quadrio B. , Bellanova J. , Lapenna V. , Piscitelli S.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. This work shows the result of an Electrical Resistivity Tomography survey carried out for imaging and characterizing the shallow subsurface affected by the coseismic effects of the Mw = 6.1 Emilia-Romagna (North Italy) earthquake occurred on 20 May 2012. The most characteristic coseismic effects were ground failure, lateral spreading and liquefaction that occurred extensively along the paleo-Reno river in the urban areas of San Carlo, a hamlet of Sant'Agostino municipality, and of Mirabello (south-western portion of the Ferrara Province). Totally, six Electrical Resistivity Tomography were performed and calibrated with surface geological surveys, exploratory borehole and aerial photo interpretations. This was one of the first applications of the Electrical Resistivity Tomography method in investigating coseismic liquefaction.
Department of State Rewards Program Update and Technical Corrections Act of 2012
Authors: Newton Michael A.
Published: October 2013

For nearly three decades, the United States has offered monetary rewards designed to facilitate the apprehension and transfer for trial of suspects when their trial would directly advance American national interests. In the 1990s, for example, posters and matchbooks appeared across the Balkans with contact information available to anyone who might be willing to assist in the transfer of Slobodan Milošević or Radovan Karadžić to face charges before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugloslavia. In Congress’s view, this rewards program has helped to generate actionable intelligence that has prevented terrorist attacks, aided convictions of key suspects charged with participation in other acts of international terror, and served as “one of the most valuable assets the U.S. Government has in the fight against international terrorism.” In his public comments introducing this legislation, the United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes acknowledged that fourteen payments were made under existing legislation in the two years prior to passage of this bill, averaging $400,000 per person. Details remain classified of course, but the rewards have provided instrumental incentives in numerous high profile cases, inter alia, the arrest of the architect of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the deaths of Uday and Qusay Hussein at the hands of American military forces following the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Cultivating Folk Arts and Social Change
Authors: Kodish Debora
Published: October 2013

Asked to speak about minority traditions and activism, the author describes the work (and pleasure) of being in solidarity and coalition with local people. Describing social justice practices of storyteller Linda Goss, hair sculptor Yvette Smalls, and activist Ellen Somekawa and Asian Americans United, the author outlines how local people have guided the Philadelphia Folklore Project in shaping work over 25 years.
Optimization of the Rheological and Sensory Properties of Stirred Yogurt as Affected by Chemical Composition and Heat Treatment of Buffalo Milk
Authors: Petridis Dimitris , Dimitreli Georgia , Chrysalidou Stella , Akakiadou Pantelina
Published: October 2013

The effects of fat content and the supplementation of milk with Sodium Caseinates (SCN) and Whey Proteins Concentrates (WPC) on the rheological and sensory properties of stirred yogurt made from buffalo milk were investigated. Whether the heat treatment of the milk affected the rheological behavior and the sensory characteristics of the samples was also evaluated. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to assess in detail the relative contribution of whey proteins, caseins and fat on the rheological properties and sensory characteristics of the samples. Furthermore, it related the instrumental and objective sensory data to consumer perception (hedonic response of non-trained panelists). The objective acidity and white color intensity were positively correlated and increased with increasing casein content. Fat interacted synergistically with caseins to increase all the hedonic attributes, apart from odor. As far as rheological properties are concerned, elastic modulus (G'), instantaneous elasticity (Gg), retarded elasticity (GR) and Newtonian viscosity (?0) were positively correlated with increasing casein content. However, tan ? was negatively correlated with the aforesaid attributes and increased with increasing fat content. Whey proteins in the presence of fat determined the magnitude of flow behavior index (n). The lactic acid concentration (%) and the b component of color (yellow color intensity) were affected positively by SCN and WPC addition but in the absence of fat. In all regression equations the effect of process temperature was found to be insignificant. Finally, the consumer-optimized composition of the fat and the added SCN can be used to formulate a marketable product.
Takahasi Nearest-Neighbour Gas Revisited III; Lennard-Jones Gases
Authors: Matsumoto Akira
Published: October 2013

Some thermodynamic quantities for the Lennard-Jones (12,6) potential are expressed as analytical formula at an isobaric process. The parameters of Lennard-Jones gases for 18 substances are obtained by the second virial coefficient data. Also some thermodynamic quantities for benzene are calculated numerically and drawn graphically. The inflexion point of the length L which depends on temperature T and pressure P corresponds physically to a boiling point. L indicates the liquid phase from lower temperature to the inflexion point and the gaseous phase from the inflexion point to higher temperature. The boiling temperatures indicate reasonable values comparing with experimental data. The behaviour of L suggests a chance of a first-order phase transition in one dimension.
Estimation of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) susceptibility to infection by powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis F. sp. secalis)
Authors: Bujak Henryk , Jurkowski Andrzej
Published: October 2013

In cold and wet years, powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) causes losses in the yield of winter rye (Secale cerale L.) amounting to 20%. In order to control the incidence of this disease and reduce the use of fungicides, it is recommendable to grow winter rye cultivars that are resistant or tolerant to infection by Blumeria graminis. The first step in the programmes of resistance-oriented cultivation of winter rye is the choice of adequate components for crossing. Such components should be characterized by resistance to powdery mildew infection, a trait which would be passed onto the new genotypes to be obtained. The paper discusses the outcome of research aimed at selecting inbred lines of winter rye distinguishable by the lowest susceptibility to infection by Blumeria graminis. The evaluation covered 233 winter rye genotypes which had been inoculated with a field population of the pathogen mentioned. The level of infection was defined in a five-point scale from 0 to 4 (the authors’ own scale). Next, the results were analyzed statistically. The genotypes under study were divided using Duncan’s test into homogeneous groups. Seven such groups were distinguished. The first homogeneous group, of the lowest level of infection, comprised five inbred lines of rye. These lines can serve as components for crossing experiments in programmes of resistance-oriented breeding.
Effect of multi-nutrient complex fertilizers on growth and tuber yield of very early potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars
Authors: Wadas Wanda , Dziugieł Tomasz
Published: October 2013

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of multi-nutrient complex fertilizers (HydroComplex, Nitrophoska Blue Special and Viking 13 from the nitrophoska group, and Polimag S from the amophoska group) and single-nutrient fertilizers on the growth and tuber yield of very early potato cultivars (‘Aster’, ‘Fresco’, ‘Gloria’). The field experiment was carried out on podzolic soil in mid-eastern Poland during 2005–2007. The study showed a greater beneficial effect of HydroComplex and Nitrophoska Blue Special on the growth of very early potato cultivars than that of Viking 13 and Polimag S. The application of HydroComplex and Nitrophoska Blue Special resulted in greater above-ground plant biomass and assimilation leaf area compared with single-nutrient fertilizers; the leaf area index (LAI) was higher by 0.28 and 0.32, respectively. The differences were smaller and not statistically confirmed with the use of Polimag S and Viking 13. When the multi-nutrient complex fertilizers were applied, leaf weight ratio (LWR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) were similar to the single-nutrient fertilizers. Of the multi-nutrient complex fertilizers, only Nitrophoska Blue Special resulted in higher tuber yield, on average by 2.40 t × ha-1, compared with the single-nutrient fertilizers. The studied cultivars showed a similar response to applied fertilizers. LAI for ‘Gloria’ was higher than for ‘Aster’ and ‘Fresco’, with smaller LAR found in ‘Gloria’. LWR for ‘Fresco’ was smaller than for ‘Aster’ and ‘Gloria’, with higher SLA found in ‘Fresco’. The tuber yield of ‘Aster” (24.04 t × ha-1) was higher on average by 3 t × ha-1 than for ‘Fresco’ and ‘Gloria’.
Yield and some quality traits of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain as influenced by the application of different rates of nitrogen
Authors: Harasim Elżbieta , Wesołowski Marian
Published: October 2013

A field study was conducted in the period 2004–2007 at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, on loess-derived grey brown podzolic soil (good wheat soil complex). This study determined the effect of two levels of nitrogen fertilization on yield and the basic quality traits of grain of the winter wheat cultivar ‘Muza’. The study results show the dependence of the grain quality characters mainly on variable weather conditions throughout the study period and to a lesser extent on the level of nitrogen fertilization. Good technological parameters were obtained in the seasons with low rainfall and high air temperature. The study also demonstrated that the higher rate of nitrogen tended to have a positive effect on total protein and wet gluten content, falling number, sedimentation value, and grain test weight. In spite of the lack of significant differences, the quality of gluten was found to decrease with the increasing rate of nitrogen.
Species diversity of segetal communities in tuber crops and in winter and spring cereals
Authors: Rzymowska Zofia , Ługowska Maria , Skrzyczyńska Janina
Published: October 2013

The work presents the results of studies on the diversity of weed communities in tuber crops as well as in winter and spring cereals under similar climatic and soil conditions. We examined overall species abundance in the groups analysed, the average species number per relevé, as well as weed cover of the study area. Additionally, species composition, number of individual species and their biomass were determined. Dominant species in each crop group were distinguished. Species diversity was determined based on the following ecological indices: the Shannon-Wiener index of biodiversity H’ and Simpson’s index of dominance C. The indices were computed on the biomass and number-of-species basis. The objective of the work was to compare the structure and diversity of weed communities in the crops studied. The communities analysed differed in all the characteristics examined. Differences were found between biodiversity and dominance indices calculated for individual crop groups, but their significance depended on the method applied to calculate the indices.
Les retombées de la première année d’implantation des classes « Kangourou » au Québec
Authors: Couture Caroline , Lapalme Mélanie
Published: October 2013

Dans cette étude, les difficultés de comportement et le fonctionnement émotionnel et comportemental de 36 enfants fréquentant des classes « Kangourou  » (CK) sont comparés à ceux de 21 enfants avec des difficultés de comportement recevant les services scolaires traditionnels. Les perceptions des enseignants et des parents quant à l’efficacité des CK sur le fonctionnement des enfants et le temps que les élèves des CK ont passé en intégration dans une classe ordinaire sont ensuite décrits. Globalement, les résultats montrent une plus grande amélioration des enfants fréquentant les CK sur les variables mesurant le fonctionnement émotionnel ainsi qu’une perception très positive de l’impact des CK sur le fonctionnement des enfants par les enseignants et les parents.
De l’utilité du dépistage cognitif et socio-affectif à l’âge préscolaire
Authors: Venet Michèle , Bigras Marc , Capuano France
Published: October 2013

Les quelques auteurs québécois qui ont effectué une évaluation systématique de programmes d’intervention au préscolaire n’ont pas observé d’effets bénéfiques de ces programmes. Puisque ces auteurs avaient adopté une approche médiatrice, visant à évaluer l’effet des programmes sur l’ensemble des enfants, nous avons cherché à identifier d’éventuelles variables modératrices de ces programmes. Les participants à l’étude sont des enfants bénéficiant d’un programme d’intervention précoce puis d’une année de maternelle. Les évaluations d’ordre cognitif et socio-affectif ont été effectuées avant et après l’intervention. Les résultats appuient l’idée que l’intervention a été surtout utile aux enfants qui en avaient le plus besoin. Notre discussion souligne la pertinence de procéder au dépistage des enfants à risque dans un double but d’efficacité et d’économie.
Le partenariat musée-école aux yeux des enseignants du secondaire : un appui au principe, mais une implication concrète encore hésitante
Authors: Matias Vitor , Lemerise Tamara
Published: October 2013

Cet article présente les données recueillies, par voie d’entrevues, auprès d’une trentaine d’enseignants ayant récemment fréquenté un musée avec leurs élèves. Le musée est perçu comme un complément à l’école : utile pour certains, nécessaire pour d’autres. Les relations établies avec les musées sont majoritairement de type consommation de services ; quelques répondants ont développé des liens de collaboration étroits. On observe un consensus relatif aux critères utilisés pour juger du succès d’une visite. Ces données, conjuguées à celles disponibles dans la documentation scientifique, permettent de tracer un premier portrait des représentations que les enseignants du secondaire se font du partenariat école-musée.
Est-il nécessaire d’enseigner l’écriture script en première année ? Les effets du style d’écriture sur le lien lecture/écriture
Authors: Bara Florence , Morin Marie-France
Published: October 2013

Cette étude permet de questionner la tradition du double enseignement des styles d’écriture au Québec, en testant la validité d’un argument couramment avancé, qui suggère que la discordance entre l’écriture cursive et les caractères d’imprimerie nuirait au transfert entre la lecture et l’écriture. Les résultats obtenus auprès d’enfants de 2e année du primaire, ayant appris à écrire en script ou en cursive, ne nous permettent pas d’aller dans le sens de cet argument. En effet, les corrélations entre les performances en lecture et en écriture sont significatives et élevées pour les deux groupes d’enfants, et leurs performances sont similaires. Les apprenants semblent capables d’associer des caractères différents en lecture et en écriture, l’apprentissage de l’écriture cursive en 1re année ne nuirait pas à la lecture.
Le rapport au savoir d’enseignants-étudiants en enseignement professionnel au Québec : étude de cas
Authors: Beaucher Chantale
Published: October 2013

Les enseignants de formation professionnelle au secondaire au Québec sont des experts de métier ayant développé au fil des ans des compétences professionnelles qui leur valent d’être recrutés par les centres de formation professionnelle. Or, une fois en poste, ils sont tenus de s’inscrire à un programme de formation des maitres à l’université. Le parcours scolaire initial de ces étudiants-enseignants ne laissait souvent pas présager d’une telle possibilité. Quelle est alors la nature du rapport au savoir de ces enseignants de formation professionnelle engagés dans un programme de formation des maitres à l’Université de Sherbrooke ? Le rapport au savoir de trois personnes est décrit dans cet article : celui d’un étudiant qualifié de craintif, celui d’un enthousiaste et celui d’un persévérant.
La mobilisation de stratégies de lecture sur trois formes de documents en 3e secondaire
Authors: Carignan Isabelle
Published: October 2013

Les adolescents mobilisent-ils les mêmes stratégies de lecture à l’écran et sur papier ? Cet article vise à explorer cette question en considérant les stratégies déclarées par 12 élèves de 3e secondaire lors de la lecture d’un texte argumentatif sur trois formes de documents (texte papier, texte linéaire à l’écran et hypertexte). Les outils méthodologiques utilisés sont les suivants : 1) la technique oculométrique; 2) l’entrevue libre et la verbalisation rétrospective; et 3) l’entrevue semi-dirigée. Les résultats ont, entre autres, démontré que les sujets semblent avoir déclaré davantage de types de stratégies diversifiées sur le texte papier. De plus, les données ont montré que les sujets semblent avoir fait un transfert de stratégies, du papier à l’écran, lors de la lecture de documents électroniques.
L’accès à la carrière enseignante en formation professionnelle au secondaire : le choix d’un espace professionnel
Authors: Deschenaux Frédéric , Roussel Chantal
Published: October 2013

Après avoir montré l’évolution de la formation professionnelle au secondaire au Québec, cet article décrit l’accès à la carrière enseignante dans ce secteur d’étude. Les enseignants de cette filière vivent une inévitable situation de transition entre leur métier, où ils étaient souvent des experts, et le métier d’enseignant, pour lequel ils n’ont pas eu de formation, mais qu’ils doivent tout de même pratiquer au quotidien. Les données d’une enquête menée auprès de 152 enseignants permettent de décrire l’entrée dans la carrière enseignante, la place de l’enseignement dans leur trajectoire professionnelle, les débuts dans l’enseignement et leur avenir dans ce domaine. Les résultats montrent que le passage du métier à l’enseignement est un phénomène complexe, enchevêtrement de choix individuels et de possibilités objectives, permettant la bifurcation de la trajectoire professionnelle.
Les troubles de comportement à l’adolescence : description, adaptation et évolution
Authors: Le Corff Yann , Toupin Jean , Pauzé Robert
Published: October 2013

Cette étude brosse un portrait de l’adaptation scolaire, psychologique et sociale d’adolescents inscrits en Centre jeunesse pour troubles de comportement sérieux (N= 78). Ces adolescents sont comparés à un groupe témoin recruté dans des écoles secondaires (N=78). L’étude s’intéresse aussi à l’évolution de ces jeunes une année plus tard. Les résultats montrent que les adolescents ayant des troubles de comportement ont une adaptation plus problématique que le groupe témoin, tant aux plans psychologique, social que scolaire. Certaines réductions de difficultés sont observées dans le temps, mais ces jeunes demeurent avec plusieurs difficultés. Les résultats sont discutés sous l’angle de la collaboration nécessaire entre les professionnels des services sociaux et de l’éducation.
La fidélité d’implantation des programmes de prévention ou d’intervention dans les écoles auprès des élèves en difficulté de comportements
Authors: Joly Jacques , Tourigny Marc , Thibaudeau Marielle
Published: October 2013

Un très grand nombre de programmes de prévention ou d’intervention, qui ont fait l’objet d’expérimentation ou non et dont l’efficacité a été évaluée ou non, sont implantés régulièrement en milieu scolaire. Malheureusement, il semble que ces programmes soient souvent implantés de manière non fidèle aux programmes conçus pour être efficaces. Or l’application non fidèle d’un programme peut affecter sérieusement son efficacité et l’évaluation de ses effets. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous présentons le concept de fidélité d’implantation de programmes et de sa mesure, nous discutons des facteurs qui y sont associés et des conséquences d’une implantation de programme non fidèle. Enfin, nous proposons certaines stratégies visant à améliorer l’implantation des programmes de prévention ou d’intervention en milieu scolaire.
Les pratiques de lecture identifiées par les stagiaires en formation initiale
Authors: Pouliot Suzanne
Published: October 2013

Cet article s’inscrit dans les nouvelles analyses fondées sur l’observation des pratiques et la prise en compte des acteurs dans leur développement professionnel. Dans le cadre d’une recherche qualitative/interprétative, l’autrice identifie les pratiques de lecture colligées par les stagiaires en formation initiale à l’aide d’un outil de formation, le carnet de lecture. Centrée sur trois axes d’observation, cette étude identifie les principales pratiques de lecture observées en classe, analyse le matériel imprimé et informatique utilisé par les maîtres-associés et décrit la fréquentation de la bibliothèque scolaire et le matériel qu’on y trouve. Malgré les limites inhérentes au carnet de lecture, cet outil de formation a contribué à la coconstruction des connaissances des stagiaires.
La place de la didactique de l’oral en formation initiale des enseignants de français langue d’enseignement au secondaire
Authors: Lafontaine Lizanne
Published: October 2013

La didactique de l’oral occupe très peu de place en formation initiale des enseignants de français au secondaire. Selon deux recherches qualitatives récentes en didactique de l’oral que nous avons effectuées auprès d’enseignants de français langue d’enseignement au secondaire, ces maîtres n’ont pas reçu de formation universitaire en didactique de l’oral et exigent que les futurs enseignants reçoivent une telle formation. Ces observations et constats nous ont amenée à proposer des pistes didactiques relatives à l’oral à développer en formation initiale des enseignants de français langue d’enseignement au secondaire.
Pratiques orthodidactiques pour une formation professionnalisante
Authors: Debeurme Godelieve , Laplante Line , Turgeon Jacynthe
Published: October 2013

Dans cet article, il est rendu compte, à l’aide d’une étude de cas, de certaines pratiques orthodidactiques du français préconisées dans le programme de formation du baccalauréat en adaptation scolaire et sociale de l’Université de Sherbrooke. Il s’agit d’une expérience de terrain vécue par une étudiante sous la supervision d’une des autrices de ce texte. Elle s’est déroulée à la Clinique Pierre-H. Ruel, lieu d’apprentissage du département d’adaptation scolaire et sociale où l’occasion est donnée aux étudiantes et étudiants de diagnostiquer des difficultés d’apprentissage d’élèves du primaire ou du secondaire — en l’occurrence en français —, d’en préciser la nature et de préparer des interventions adéquates afin de remédier aux difficultés.
Inconsistent condom use among HIV‐positive women in the “Treatment as Prevention Era”: data from the Italian DIDI study
Authors: Cicconi Paola , Monforte Antonella d'Arminio , Castagna Antonella , Quirino Tiziana , Alessandrini Anna , Gargiulo Miriam , Francisci Daniela , Anzalone Enza , Liuzzi Giuseppina , Pierro Paola , Ammassari Adriana ,   on behalf of the Didi Study Group
Published: October 2013

Introduction

Translation of the evidence regarding the protective role of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on HIV sexual transmission rates into sexual behaviour patterns of HIV‐infected subjects remains largely unexplored. This study aims to describe frequency of self‐reported condom use among women living with HIV in Italy and to investigate the variables associated with inconsistent condom use (ICU).

Methods

DIDI (Donne con Infezione Da HIV) is an Italian multicentre study based on a questionnaire survey performed during November 2010 and February 2011. Women‐reported frequency of condom use was dichotomized in “always” versus “at times”/“never” (ICU).

Results

Among 343 women, prevalence of ICU was 44.3%. Women declared a stable partnership with an HIV‐negative (38%) and with an HIV‐positive person (43%), or an occasional sexual partner (19%). Among the 194 women engaged in a stable HIV‐negative or an occasional partnership, 51% reported fear of infecting the partner. Nonetheless, 43% did not disclose HIV‐positive status. Less than 5% of women used contraceptive methods other than condoms. At multivariable analysis, variables associated with ICU in the subgroup of women with a stable HIV‐negative or an occasional HIV‐unknown partner were: having an occasional partner (AOR 3.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–8.54, p=0.005), and reporting fear of infecting the sexual partner (AOR 3.20, 95% CI 1.43–7.16, p=0.004). Current use of HAART together with virological control in plasma level did not predict ICU after adjusting for demographic, behavioural and HIV‐related factors. With regard to socio‐demographic factors, lower education was the only variable significantly associated with ICU in the multivariate analysis (AOR 2.27, 95% CI 1.07–4.82, p=0.03). No association was found between high adherence to HAART and ICU after adjusting for potential confounders (AOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.39–2.01, p=0.78).

Conclusions

Currently in Italy, the use of HAART with undetectable HIV RNA in plasma as well as antiretroviral adherence is not associated with a specific condom use pattern in women living with HIV and engaged with a sero‐discordant or an HIV‐unknown partner. This might suggest that the awareness of the protective role of antiretroviral treatment on HIV sexual transmission is still limited among HIV‐infected persons, at least in this country.
El control de la prensa antes y después de la caída del franquismo (1974-1977): el caso ABC.
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla (España), SODO ROCCO
Published: October 2013

El presente articulo quiere ofrecer una perspectiva de los cambios producidos en la prensa española a mitad de los años 70 del siglo XX, concretamente en el período comprendido entre 1974 y 1977, etapa donde obtendremos una amplia perspectiva que abarcaría desde la caída del franquismo, pasando por la disolución del régimen y terminando con lo que se ha dado en llamar Transición hacia la democracia; igualmente, pretende estudiar la manera en la que, a tenor de la nueva coyuntura vivida en el país, los rotativos españoles trataron las informaciones de política internacional. Analizar la evolución de la prensa y el control que el Gobierno ha ejercido sobre la misma sería la forma más concreta para averiguar todos los cambios que se han producido a lo largo de los años. La investigación se convierte, así mismo, en un camino relevante para comparar la manera de trabajar que tuvieron destacados medios de comunicación social – en nuestro caso particular el diario ABC- durante el régimen franquista y a la desaparición de éste.
Libertad de prensa bajo presión: niveles de restricción percibidos por periodistas chilenos y factores influyentes
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, SAPIEZYNSKA EWA , LAGOS CLAUDIA ,   Universidad de Chile, CABALIN CRISTIAN ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: October 2013

A partir de los resultados de una encuesta, este artículo construye una serie de índices de restricción a la libertad de expresión que perciben los periodistas de los principales medios en Chile. Se descubre que sus niveles son altos; particularmente en el subíndice de restricción por parte de superiores en el lugar de trabajo. Se demuestra, además, que los periodistas con niveles más altos de educación tienden a percibir mayores restricciones a su trabajo.
La monitorización de la publicidad en la era digital: un reto para la ética
Authors:   Universitat Jaume I de Castelló (España), A. FEENSTRA RAMÓN
Published: October 2013

La consolidación de los new media provoca una serie de cambios que afectan a diversos ámbitos de la comunicación y entre ellos también al campo de la publicidad. El tradicional monólogo persuasivo de la publicidad se ve transportado a un nuevo ambiente comunicativo donde también el público adquiere, potencialmente, voz. Los new media permiten la consolidación de procesos de monitorización y fiscalización pública y refuerzan acciones de las voces críticas respecto a la publicidad. La presente comunicación presenta como objetivo examinar los efectos de los new media sobre la publicidad atendiendo a la consolidación de dichas voces críticas y monitorizadoras. El presente planteamiento diferenciará diversos procesos de escrutinio con el propósito de interpretar estos fenómenos de “monitorización publicitaria” no como una amenaza sino como un reto para la ética publicitaria, sus valores y sus principios. Palabras clave: New media, monitorización, contrapublicidad, ética publicitaria
Autorregulación en la publicidad de alimentos para niños a través de PAOS: un estudio internacional
Authors:   Universidad de Alicante (España), GONZÁLEZ DÍAZ CRISTINA
Published: October 2013

La inexperiencia de los niños ante los mensajes publicitarios hace que desdediversos ámbitos se fomente la autorregulación, con el fin de protegerlos desus eventuales efectos nocivos. En España, la publicidad del sector dealimentación dirigida al público infantil se encuentra autorregulada por elCódigo PAOS. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar, mediante análisis decontenido, similitudes y diferencias entre PAOS y otros códigos internacionales.Los resultados muestran que la preocupación por el tema se manifiesta no solo enel desarrollo de códigos específicos para el público infantil, sino también paraotros sectores, y que las discrepancias entre los códigos están determinadaspor las exigencias requeridas a la publicidad en Internet.
Tecnología y zonas de tensión ética para periodistas
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brasil), CHRISTOFOLETTI ROGÉRIO , PIASSA GIOVANAZ DANIEL ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brasil)
Published: October 2013

Este artículo discute cómo la Ética Periodística y la tecnología fueron mencionadas y debatidas al largo de la primera década del siglo XXI en el sitio de crítica de medios de comunicación más longevo de América Latina, el Observ atório da Imprensa. El mapeo de ocurrencias en el sitio entre 2001 y 2010 permite observar cómo los temas esenciales de la Ética Periodística fueron considerados en el período, y cómo contribuyen para actualizar las balizas señalizadoras de la conducta profesional.
Percepción ideológica de los actores sociales de la violencia
Authors:   Universidad del Zulia (Venezuela), AGUILLÓN VALE PEDRO
Published: October 2013

Este artículo analiza, a partir del modelo triádico conceptual, la percep­ción ideológica que la producción mediática le atribuye a los actores socia­les de la violencia en las páginas de sucesos. El estudio se fundamenta en las dimensiones ideológicas que sustentan el enfoque sociocognitivo de van Dijk. Se analizan 92 textos noticiosos publicados en dos periódicos regionales venezolanos: Panorama y La Verdad. Los resultados revelan que: a) las noticias tienden a resaltar información positiva de Nosotros, concebi­dos como las potenciales víctimas del delito violento, y acentúan aspec­tos negativos de Ellos, catalogados como los desviados y antagonistas; b) el contexto sociocognitivo recoge la percepción ideológica que asume la prensa escrita sobre la violencia criminal reseñada en las páginas de sucesos; y c) los periódicos promueven prácticas discursivas muy sutiles de desigualdad social.
From FastQ Data to High‐Confidence Variant Calls: The Genome Analysis Toolkit Best Practices Pipeline
Authors: Van der Auwera Geraldine A. , Carneiro Mauricio O. , Hartl Christopher , Poplin Ryan , del Angel Guillermo , Levy‐Moonshine Ami , Jordan Tadeusz , Shakir Khalid , Roazen David , Thibault Joel , Banks Eric , Garimella Kiran V. , Altshuler David , Gabriel Stacey , DePristo Mark A.
Published: October 2013

This unit describes how to use BWA and the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) to map genome sequencing data to a reference and produce high‐quality variant calls that can be used in downstream analyses. The complete workflow includes the core NGS data‐processing steps that are necessary to make the raw data suitable for analysis by the GATK, as well as the key methods involved in variant discovery using the GATK. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 43:11.10.1‐11.10.33. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nitrogen
Authors: Böcker Nick , Grahl Matthias , Tota Akos , Häussinger Peter , Leitgeb Paul , Schmücker Bernd
Published: October 2013

The article contains sections titled:1.History2.Properties3.Occurrence4.Production4.1.Cryogenic Air Separation4.2.Nitrogen Production by Adsorptive Air Separation4.3.Nitrogen Production by Membrane Separation4.4.Oxygen Removal from Air5.Storage and Transportation6.Quality Specifications and Analysis7.Uses8.Economic Aspects