bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Characterization of the Gibberellin (GA) Receptor ScGID1 in Sugarcane
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Zhang Shujun , Chen Baoshan , Xu Xiongbiao
Published: October 2024

Sugarcane smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum represents the most destructive disease in the sugarcane industry, causing host hormone disruption and producing a black whip-like sorus in the apex of the stalk. In this study, the gibberellin metabolic pathway was found to respond to S. scitamineum infection, and the contents of bioactive gibberellins were significantly reduced in the leaves of diseased plants. The gibberellin receptor gene ScGID1 was identified and significantly downregulated. ScGID1 localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm and had the highest expression level in the leaves. Eight proteins that interact with ScGID1 were screened out using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Novel DELLA proteins named ScGAI1a and ScGA20ox2, key enzymes in GA biosynthesis, were both found to interact with ScGID1 in a gibberellin-independent manner. Transcription factor trapping with a yeast one-hybrid system identified 50 proteins that interacted with the promoter of ScGID1, among which ScS1FA and ScPLATZ inhibited ScGID1 transcription, while ScGDSL promoted transcription. Overexpression of ScGID1 in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants could increase plant height and promote flowering. These results not only contribute to improving our understanding of the metabolic regulatory network of sugarcane gibberellin but also expand our knowledge of the interaction between sugarcane and pathogens.
Biocompatible Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Nanocapsules Enhance the Bioavailability, Antibacterial, and Immunomodulatory Activities of Curcumin
Authors: D’Angeli Floriana , Granata Giuseppe , Romano Ivana Roberta , Distefano Alfio , Lo Furno Debora , Spila Antonella , Leo Mariantonietta , Miele Chiara , Ramadan Dania , Ferroni Patrizia , Li Volti Giovanni , Accardo Paolo , Geraci Corrada , Guadagni Fiorella , Genovese Carlo
Published: October 2024

Curcumin (Cur), the primary curcuminoid found in Curcuma longa L., has garnered significant attention for its potential anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. However, its hydrophobic nature significantly limits its bioavailability. Additionally, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties, making them useful for treating inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. This study aims to verify the efficacy of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules (NCs) in improving Cur’s bioavailability, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory activities. The Cur-loaded nanocapsules (Cur-NCs) were characterized for their physicochemical properties (particle size, polydispersity index, Zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency) and stability over time. A digestion test simulated the behavior of Cur-NCs in the gastrointestinal tract. Micellar phase analyses evaluated the Cur-NCs’ bioaccessibility. The antibacterial activity of free Cur, NCs, and Cur-NCs against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains was determined using the microdilution method. ADSC viability, treated with Cur-NCs and Cur-NCs in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide, was analyzed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Additionally, ADSC survival was assessed through the Muse apoptotic assay. The expression of both pro-inflammatory (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β) cytokines on ADSCs was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated high stability post-gastric digestion of Cur-NCs and elevated bioaccessibility of Cur post-intestinal digestion. Moreover, Cur-NCs exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli without affecting Lactobacillus growth. No significant changes in the viability and survival of ADSCs were observed under the experimental conditions. Finally, Cur-NCs modulated the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in ADSCs exposed to inflammatory stimuli. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of Cur-NCs to enhance Cur’s bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy, particularly in cell-based treatments for inflammatory diseases and intestinal dysbiosis.
Using Hybrid Nanoplatforms to Combine Traditional Anti-Inflammatory Drug Delivery with RNA-Based Therapeutics for Macrophage Reprograming
Authors: Almeida Ana F. , Miranda Margarida S. , Reis Rui L. , Gomes Manuela E. , Rodrigues Márcia T.
Published: October 2024

There is growing evidence on the significant role of prolonged inflammation in triggering and progressing of numerous diseases with substantial health and socioeconomic impacts, such as musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop therapies that can overcome the main challenges of currently used approaches, such as non-target action, partial modulation of the complex inflammatory pathways, and short-term effects, to effectively manage and resolve chronic inflammatory states. This work investigates the therapeutic synergy of clinically relevant anti-inflammatory agents approaching naïve and classically activated macrophages owing to their central role in inflammation. Aiming at human therapies, a dual-loading nanoplatform reunites molecules with different physico-chemical properties in a single system, seeking to more effectively and comprehensively regulate macrophage functions for precision cell guidance and greater versatility in disease managing. To build this platform, palmitic acid grafted chitosan, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, the clinically approved NSAID celecoxib (also known as Celebrex®), and RNA technologies were combined into superparamagnetic polymeric micelles (SPMs). Our findings demonstrated that traditional anti-inflammatory drugs such as celecoxib and microRNA molecules were efficiently delivered by the SPMs, altering the inflammatory profile of naïve (M0φ) and M1-primed macrophages (M1φ) assessed by gene and protein expression. The impact of the dual-loaded SPMs in naïve Mφ is an interesting finding towards the modulation of the initial immune response, reducing the potential for chronic inflammation and promoting tissue healing. Collectively, these encouraging results demonstrate the promise of multi-nanomedicine strategies to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic interventions by offering a fresh approach to more precisely and carefully regulated nanotherapeutics delivery.
Understanding the Dosage-Dependent Role of Dicer1 in Thyroid Tumorigenesis
Authors: Rojo-Pardillo María , Godefroid Ludivine , Dom Geneviève , Lefort Anne , Libert Frederick , Robaye Bernard , Maenhaut Carine
Published: October 2024

Tumors originating from thyroid follicular cells are the most common endocrine tumors, with rising incidence. Despite a generally good prognosis, up to 20% of patients experience recurrence and persistence, highlighting the need to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Dicer1 has been found to be altered in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Studies suggest that Dicer1 functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene: partial loss promotes tumorigenesis, while complete loss prevents it. To investigate the effects of partial or total Dicer1 loss in PTC in vitro, we generated stable Dicer1 (+/−) cell lines from TPC1 using CRISPR-Cas9, though no Dicer1 (−/−) lines could be produced. Therefore, siRNA against Dicer1 was transfected into Dicer1 (+/−) cell lines to further decrease its expression. Transcriptomic analysis revealed changes in proliferation and cell locomotion. BrdU staining indicated a slow-down of the cell cycle, with fewer cells in S phase and more in G0-G1-phase. Additionally, transwell assays showed decreased invasion and migration after Dicer1 knockdown by siRNA. Moreover, Dicer1 overexpression led to decreased proliferation, invasion, and increased apoptosis. Our findings deepen the understanding of Dicer1’s role in thyroid cancer, demonstrating that both complete elimination and overexpression of Dicer1 inhibit thyroid oncogenesis, highlighting Dicer1 as a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies.
MiR-146a Is Mutually Regulated by High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Fumimoto Chihiro , Yamauchi Nobuhiro , Minagawa Emika , Umeda Makoto
Published: October 2024

The high-glucose conditions caused by diabetes mellitus (DM) exert several effects on cells, including inflammation. miR-146a, a kind of miRNA, is involved in inflammation and may be regulated mutually with reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced under high-glucose conditions. In the present study, we used human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) to determine the effects of the high-glucose conditions of miR-146a and their involvement in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines using Western blotting, PCR, ELISA and other methods. When hPDLCs were subjected to high glucose (24 mM), cell proliferation was not affected; inflammatory cytokine expression, ROS induction, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) expression increased, but miR-146a expression decreased. Inhibition of ROS induction with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine restored miR-146a expression and decreased inflammatory cytokine expression compared to those under high-glucose conditions. In addition, overexpression of miR-146a significantly suppressed the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IRAK1 and TRAF6, regardless of the glucose condition. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress and miR-146a expression are mutually regulated in hPDLCs under high-glucose conditions.
A Brief Overview of Cholinergic and Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors in Diabetic Bladder Dysfunction
Authors: Kallinikas Georgios , Haronis Georgios , Kallinika Eirini , Kozyrakis Diomidis , Rodinos Evangelos , Filios Athanasios , Filios Panagiotis , Mityliniou Despoina , Safioleas Konstantinos , Zarkadas Anastasios , Bozios Dimitrios , Karmogiannis Athanasios , Konstantinopoulos Vasileios , Konomi Anna Maria , Ektesabi Amin M. , Tsoporis James N.
Published: October 2024

Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) comprises a wide spectrum of lower urinary tract symptoms that impact diabetic patients’ lives, including urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence, and incomplete bladder emptying. To relieve symptoms, anticholinergics have been widely prescribed and are considered an effective treatment. There is increasing evidence that diabetic patients may benefit from the use of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. This narrative review aims to provide a brief overview of the pathophysiology of DBD along with a focus on cholinergic and phosphodiesterase inhibitors as therapies that benefit DBD. An examination of the literature suggests compelling avenues of research and underscores critical gaps in understanding the mechanisms underlying DBD. New tools and models, especially rodent models, are required to further elucidate the mechanisms of action of current therapies in the treatment of DBS.
ANKK1 Is a Wnt/PCP Scaffold Protein for Neural F-ACTIN Assembly
Authors: Domínguez-Berzosa Laura , Cantarero Lara , Rodríguez-Sanz María , Tort Gemma , Garrido Elena , Troya-Balseca Johanna , Sáez María , Castro-Martínez Xóchitl Helga , Fernandez-Lizarbe Sara , Urquizu Edurne , Calvo Enrique , López Juan Antonio , Palomo Tomás , Palau Francesc , Hoenicka Janet
Published: October 2024

The TaqIA polymorphism is a marker of both the Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain containing I gene (ANKK1) encoding a RIP-kinase, and the DRD2 gene for the dopamine receptor D2. Despite a large number of studies of TaqIA in addictions and other psychiatric disorders, there is difficulty in interpreting this genetic phenomenon due to the lack of knowledge about ANKK1 function. In SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma models, we show that ANKK1 interacts with the synapse protein FERM ARH/RhoGEF and Pleckstrin Domain 1 (FARP1), which is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of the RhoGTPases RAC1 and RhoA. ANKK1–FARP1 colocalized in F-ACTIN-rich structures for neuronal maturation and migration, and both proteins activate the Wnt/PCP pathway. ANKK1, but not FARP1, promotes neuritogenesis, and both proteins are involved in neuritic spine outgrowth. Notably, the knockdown of ANKK1 or FARP1 affects RhoGTPases expression and neural differentiation. Additionally, ANKK1 binds WGEF, another GEF of Wnt/PCP, regulating its interaction with RhoA. During neuronal differentiation, ANKK1–WGEF interaction is downregulated, while ANKK1–FARP1 interaction is increased, suggesting that ANKK1 recruits Wnt/PCP components for bidirectional control of F-ACTIN assembly. Our results suggest a brain structural basis in TaqIA-associated phenotypes.
Small Molecules Inducing Autophagic Degradation of Expanded Polyglutamine Protein through Interaction with Both Mutant ATXN3 and LC3
Authors: Lin Te-Hsien , Chen Wan-Ling , Hsu Shao-Fan , Chen I-Cheng , Lin Chih-Hsin , Chang Kuo-Hsuan , Wu Yih-Ru , Chen Yi-Ru , Yao Ching-Fa , Lin Wenwei , Lee-Chen Guey-Jen , Chen Chiung-Mei
Published: October 2024

Polyglutamine (polyQ)-mediated spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), including SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 17, are caused by mutant genes with expanded CAG repeats, leading to the intracellular accumulation of aggregated proteins, the production of reactive oxygen species, and cell death. Among SCA, SCA3 is caused by a mutation in the ATXN3 (ataxin-3) gene. In a circumstance of polyQ aggregation, the autophagic pathway is induced to degrade the aggregated proteins, thereby suppressing downstream deleterious effects and promoting neuronal survival. In this study, we tested the effects of synthetic indole (NC009-1, -2, -3, -6) and coumarin (LM-022, -031) derivatives as chemical chaperones to assist mutant ATXN3-Q75 folding, as well as autophagy inducers to clear aggregated protein. Among the tested compounds, NC009-1, -2, and -6 and LM-031 interfered with Escherichia coli-derived ATXN3-Q75 aggregation in thioflavin T binding and filter trap assays. In SH-SY5Y cells expressing GFP-fused ATXN3-Q75, these compounds displayed aggregation-inhibitory and neurite growth-promoting potentials compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, these compounds activated autophagy by increasing the phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3)-II:cytosolic LC3-I ratio in these cells. A biochemical co-immunoprecipitation assay by using a mixture of HEK 293T cell lysates containing recombinant ATXN3-Q75-Venus-C-terminus (VC) or Venus-N-terminus (VN)-LC3 protein indicated that NC009-1 and -2 and LM-031 served as an autophagosome-tethering compound (ATTEC) to interact with ATXN3-Q75 and LC3, and the interaction was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis in cells co-expressing both ATXN3-Q75-VC and VN-LC3 proteins. The study results suggest the potential of NC009-1 and -2 and LM-031 as an ATTEC in treating SCA3 and, probably, other polyQ diseases.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antifungal Activity of (E)-1-(4-Methylbenzylidene)-4-(3-Isopropylphenyl) Thiosemicarbazone: Quantum Chemical and Experimental Studies
Authors: Ren Haitao , Qi Fan , Zhao Yuzhen , Labidi Abdelkader , Miao Zongcheng
Published: October 2024

A novel (E)-1-(4-methylbenzylidene)-4-(3-isopropylphenyl) thiosemicarbazone was synthesized in a one-pot four-step synthetic route. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were utilized to confirm the successful preparation of the title compound. Single-crystal data indicated that the intramolecular hydrogen bond N(3)-H(3)···N(1) and intermolecular hydrogen bond N(2)-H(2)···S(1) (1 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z) existed in the crystal structure and packing of the title compound. Besides the covalent interaction, the non-covalent weak intramolecular hydrogen bond N(3)-H(3)···N(1) discussed by atoms in molecules (AIM) theory also functioned in maintaining the title compound’s crystal structure. The strong intermolecular hydrogen bond N(2)-H(2)···S(1) (1 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z) discussed by Hirshfeld surface analysis played a major role in maintaining the title compound’s crystal packing. The local maximum and minimum electrostatic potential of the title compound was predicted by electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis. The UV-visible spectra and HOMO-LUMO analysis revealed that the title compound has a low ΔEHOMO–LUMO energy gap (3.86 eV), which implied its high chemical reactivity due to the easy occurrence of charge transfer interactions within the molecule. Molecular docking and in vitro antifungal assays evidenced that its antifungal activity is comparable to the reported pyrimethanil, indicating its usage as a potential candidate for future antifungal drugs.
Epimesatines P–S: Four Undescribed Flavonoids from Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. and Their Cytotoxicity Activities
Authors: Xie Shuang-Shuang , Yu Xiang , Zhang Jing-Ke , Hao Zhi-You , Zheng Xiao-Ke , Feng Wei-Sheng
Published: October 2024

In this study, four previously undescribed flavonoids, named epimesatines P (1), Q (2), R (3), and S (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. Their structures and absolute configurations were confirmed via spectroscopic analyses, quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, Mo2(OAc)4–induced ECD, and Rh2(OCOCF3)4–induced ECD experiments. Epimesatines Q and R were characterized by the presence of furan rings. A cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that epimesatines P–S exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the viability of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, with IC50 values ranging from 1.27 to 50.3 μM. Notably, epimesatines Q and R exhibited superior efficacy against MCF-7 cells compared to epimesatines P and S, suggesting that the presence of furan rings may enhance their activity against MCF-7 cells. Specifically, epimesatine Q displayed a more potent inhibitory effect at 1.27 μM compared to a positive control, docetaxel, which had an IC50 of 2.13 μM, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer. Importantly, none of the tested compounds exhibited obvious toxicity toward MCF-10A human breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, compounds 1, 3, and 4 were found to significantly inhibit the expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) in MCF-7 cells.
Nutritional Education in Polish Companies: Employee Needs and the Role of Employers in Health Promotion
Authors: Mazurek-Kusiak Anna Katarzyna , Soroka Andrzej , Godlewska Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

The modern work environment is constantly evolving, and with it, the emphasis on employee health and well-being is increasing. Background: Nutritional education has become a key component of health promotion strategies in many companies that recognize the benefits of healthy eating habits for enhancing efficiency and job satisfaction. Objectives: The aim of this study was to understand employees’ nutritional needs at work, and to assess the support provided by employers. The analysis focused on employees’ eating habits and their attitudes towards eating at work, motives and barriers to healthy eating. Methods: The study was conducted using an anonymous survey completed by 1.056 individuals from across Poland. A discriminant function was selected for data analysis, which examined the differences between groups. Results/Conclusions: The larger enterprises are more inclined to establish meal consumption spaces, which contributes to a more organised work culture. The larger the business, the more time employees spend eating meals, it being influenced by better-developed eating facilities, which undoubtedly encourages the workers to take longer breaks. The people with obesity were found to place the highest value on healthy food options and the people with a normal BMI are more responsive to healthy food subsidies, nutritional advice provided by a dietitian, and access to fitness facilities.
Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Galangal): A Review
Authors: Abd Rahman Izzat Zulhilmi , Adam Siti Hajar , Hamid Adila A. , Mokhtar Mohd Helmy , Mustafar Ruslinda , Kashim Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd , Febriza Ami , Mansor Nur Izzati
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This review aims to provide a detailed understanding of the current evidence on Alpinia officinarum Hance (A. officinarum) and its potential therapeutic role in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. CNS disorders encompass a wide range of disorders affecting the brain and spinal cord, leading to various neurological, cognitive and psychiatric impairments. In recent years, natural products have emerged as potential neuroprotective agents for the treatment of CNS disorders due to their outstanding bioactivity and favourable safety profile. One such plant is A. officinarum, also known as lesser galangal, a perennial herb from the Zingiberaceae family. Its phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids and phenols have been documented to have a powerful antioxidants effect, capable of scavenging free radicals and preventing oxidative damage. Methods: In this review, we critically evaluate the in vitro and in vivo studies and examine the mechanisms by which A. officinarum exerts its neuroprotective effect. Results: Several studies have confirmed that A. officinarum exerts its neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, promoting neurite outgrowth, and modulating neurotransmitter levels and signalling pathways. Conclusions: Although previous studies have shown promising results in various models of neurological disorders, the underlying mechanisms of A. officinarum in Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are still poorly understood. Further studies on brain tissue and cognitive and motor functions in animal models of AD and PD are needed to validate the results observed in in vitro studies. In addition, further clinical studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of A. officinarum in CNS disorders.
Tryptophan Metabolism Disorder-Triggered Diseases, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Strategies: A Scientometric Review
Authors: Chen Xue , Xu Dong , Yu Jie , Song Xu-Jiao , Li Xue , Cui Yuan-Lu
Published: October 2024

Background: Tryptophan is widely present in foods such as peanuts, milk, and bananas, playing a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in health and disease. Tryptophan metabolism is involved in the development and progression of immune, nervous, and digestive system diseases. Although some excellent reviews on tryptophan metabolism exist, there has been no systematic scientometric study as of yet. Methods: This review provides and summarizes research hotspots and potential future directions by analyzing annual publications, topics, keywords, and highly cited papers sourced from Web of Science spanning 1964 to 2022. Results: This review provides a scientometric overview of tryptophan metabolism disorder-triggered diseases, mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies. Conclusions: The gut microbiota regulates gut permeability, inflammation, and host immunity by directly converting tryptophan to indole and its derivatives. Gut microbial metabolites regulate tryptophan metabolism by activating specific receptors or enzymes. Additionally, the kynurenine (KYN) pathway, activated by indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase, affects the migration and invasion of glioma cells and the development of COVID-19 and depression. The research and development of IDO inhibitors help to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Tryptophan metabolites as potential markers are used for disease therapy, guiding clinical decision-making. Tryptophan metabolites serve as targets to provide a new promising strategy for neuroprotective/neurotoxic imbalance affecting brain structure and function. In summary, this review provides valuable guidance for the basic research and clinical application of tryptophan metabolism.
Gut Microbiota and Oral Contraceptive Use in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wydra Jakub , Szlendak-Sauer Katarzyna , Zgliczyńska Magdalena , Żeber-Lubecka Natalia , Ciebiera Michał
Published: October 2024

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine syndromes affecting women at reproductive age. With increasing knowledge of the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of PCOS, new management strategies began to emerge. However, data on the impact of established treatment regimens, such as metformin and oral contraceptive agents, on the gut microbiota composition are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the specificity of the gut microbiota in women with PCOS before and after treatment with oral contraceptives. Methods: We have systematically searched the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The last search was performed on 13 May 2024. We included only full-text original research articles written in English. The risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: The above described search strategy retrieved 46 articles. Additionally, 136 articles were identified and screened through Google Scholar. After removing duplicates, we screened the titles and abstracts, resulting in three eligible articles constituting the final pool. They were published between 2020 and 2022 and are based on three ethnically distinct study populations: Turkish, Spanish and American. The studies included a total of 37 women diagnosed with PCOS and using OCs. Conclusions: OC treatment does not seem to affect the gut microbiota in a significant way in patients with PCOS in short observation. Well-designed randomized controlled studies with adequate, unified sample size are lacking.
Depression and Obesity—Do We Know Everything about It? A Narrative Review
Authors: Dębski Jan , Przybyłowski Józef , Skibiak Klaudia , Czerwińska Maria , Walędziak Maciej , Różańska-Walędziak Anna
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Due to similarities in their pathophysiology and common psychological background, depressive disorders and obesity often occur simultaneously. The treatment of obesity can reduce the symptoms of comorbid depression and, conversely, treating depression can improve weight reduction outcomes. Purpose of this study: This review aimed to analyze the available literature on the subject of various methods of treating obesity and comorbid depression and to demonstrate the mutual correlation between the therapy of depressive disorders and the therapy of obesity. Method: The Pubmed and Cochrane databases were searched for original articles on the subject of simultaneous depression and obesity that had been published between 2014 and 2024, using the key words “depression”, “depressive symptoms”, “obesity”, and “behavioral therapy”. Results and conclusions: The successful treatment of depression can help in treating obesity, especially in motivating patients to adjust their lifestyle by changing dietary habits and increasing their physical activity, which contribute to both changes in body mass index scores and reductions in depressive symptoms. Changes in self-perception, reduced daily stress, and dietary changes, as well as increased physical activity, contribute to both weight loss and the reduction of depressive symptoms. Depression and obesity should be treated as one two-dimensional disorder to achieve better long-term treatment results.
Comparative Analysis of the Protective Effect of Naringenin on Cardiovascular Parameters of Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats Subjected to the Myocardial Infarction Model
Authors: Dada Anelize , da Silva Rita de Cássia Vilhena , Zanovello Mariana , Moser Jeniffer C. , Orengo Sabrina L. D. , Cavichiolo Martina O. , Bidinha Eleine R. , Boeing Thaise , Cechinel-Filho Valdir , de Souza Priscila
Published: October 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases rank as the top global cause of mortality, particularly acute myocardial infarction (MI). MI arises from the blockage of a coronary artery, which disrupts blood flow and results in tissue death. Among therapeutic approaches, bioactives from medicinal plants emerge as promising for the development of new medicines. Objectives: This study explored the effects of naringenin (NAR 100 mg/kg), a flavonoid found in citrus fruits, in normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats, both subjected to isoproterenol (ISO 85 mg/kg)-induced MI. Results: Post-treatment assessments indicated that NAR reduced blood pressure and minimized clot formation, particularly notable in the SHR group, which helps mitigate damage related to hypertension and ISO exposure. Additionally, NAR effectively restored KCl-induced contractility in the aortas of both NTR and SHR groups. NAR treatment reduced reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) values and recovered the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in NTR groups. Moreover, myocardial damage assessed through histological analyses was reduced in groups treated with NAR. Conclusions: The results highlight significant pathophysiological differences between the groups, suggesting that NAR has protective potential against ISO-induced cardiac damage, warranting further investigation into its protective effects and mechanisms.
Model-Informed Precision Dosing for Personalized Ustekinumab Treatment in Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Karine , Zarzoso-Foj Javier , Saez-Bello Marina , Mateu-Puchades Almudena , Martorell-Calatayud Antonio , Merino-Sanjuan Matilde , Gras-Colomer Elena , Climente-Martí Monica , Mangas-Sanjuan Victor
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Implementing model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) strategies guided by population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models could enhance the management of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis. However, the extent of individual experimental data gathered during MIPD significantly influences the uncertainty in estimating individual PK/PD parameters, affecting clinical dose selection decisions. Methods: This study proposes a methodology to individualize ustekinumab (UTK) dosing strategies for 23 Spanish patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis., considering the uncertainty of individual parameters within a population PK/PD model. Results: An indirect response model from previous research was used to describe the PK/PD relationship between UTK serum concentrations and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. A maximum inhibition drug effect (Imax) model was selected, and a first-order remission constant rate of psoriatic skin lesion (kout = 0.016 d−1) was estimated. Conclusions: The MIPD approach predicted that 35% and 26% of the patients would need an optimized and intensified dosage regimen, respectively, compared to the regimen typically used in clinical practice. This analysis demonstrated its utility as a tool for selecting personalized UTK dosing regimens in clinical practice in order to optimize the probability of achieving targeted clinical outcomes in patients with psoriasis.
Apodanthera glaziovii (Cucurbitaceae) Shows Strong Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Murine Models of Acute Inflammation
Authors: Andrade Maria Lorena de Oliveira , Marinho Pedro Artur Ferreira , Oliveira Alisson Macário de , Souza Thalisson Amorim de , Cibulski Samuel Paulo , Alves Harley da Silva
Published: October 2024

Background/objectives: Apodanthera glaziovii is an endemic species from the semi-arid Brazilian, which has limited toxicological and pharmacological studies. This species belongs to a well-studied family known for its bioactive compounds used in treating inflammatory. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites in the stems from A. glaziovii, evaluate toxicity, and investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the stem hydroalcoholic extract (SHE-Ag). Methods: qualitative and quantitative assays were employed to identify secondary metabolites, along with chromatographic analyses and 1H and 13C NMR. Toxicity was assessed through in vitro hemolytic toxicity, in vivo genotoxicity, and oral acute toxicity tests before the pharmacological assays were conducted. Results: phytochemical screening, HPLC and NMR analyses suggested the presence of saponins of the norcucurbitacin class. The SHE-Ag exhibited no hemolytic activity and no mutagenic potential. However, in vivo toxicity at a dose of 2000 mg/kg revealed hematological and biochemical alterations, while the 500 mg/kg dose was safe. In the anti-inflammatory assays, SHE-Ag at 100 mg/kg reduced paw edema by 55.8%, and leukocyte and neutrophil migration by 62% and 68% in the peritonitis model, respectively; inflammatory cell migration by 70% in the air pouch model, outperforming indomethacin, which showed a 54% reduction. Conclusions: these findings indicate that SHE-Ag is rich in saponins, confirmed through HPLC and 1H and 13C NMR analyses. The SHE-Ag also demonstrated low toxicity. The inflammation models used showed a reduction in inflammation, pro-inflammatory cells, and edema, highlighting the significant anti-inflammatory activity of hydroethanolic extract A. glaziovii stems.
Overview of the Catalytic Liquefaction of Waste Plastics Process Development, Operation and Product Quality
Authors: Srinakruang Jumluck , Tani Haruki , Fujimoto Kaoru
Published: October 2024

Waste plastics were successfully decomposed with a solid acid catalyst to make oil. Spent FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) catalyst was used for this process. The operation of this process was conducted in a horizontal agitated laboratory reactor with an inner volume of 1 L with 0.1 kg/h to the capacity of 80 kg/h of the demonstrate plant conducted by continuously feeding a plastic flake or molded cube to the heated powder catalyst bed at around 400–450 °C. The yield of oil was as high as 70 to 85%, depending on the type of plastic. The processing of a variety of waste plastics from home waste, industrial waste and even marine plastics could be processed to obtain oil with a low freezing point and a high heating value. The product was mainly composed of iso-paraffins, olefins and aromatics. The effective in situ dichlorination was attained from the waste plastic containing PVC. A small amount of PET in the plastic was converted to methyl benzene during the cracking operation.
Orbit Determination Method for BDS-3 MEO Satellites Based on Multi-Source Observation Links
Authors: Xin Jie , Li Kai
Published: October 2024

Research on augmentation and supplement systems for navigation systems has become a significant aspect in comprehensive positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) studies. The BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has constructed a dynamic inter-satellite network to gain more observation data than ground monitoring stations. Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have advantages in their kinematic velocity and information carrying rate and can be used as satellite-based monitoring stations for navigation satellites to make up for the distribution limitation of ground monitoring stations. This study constructs multi-source observation links with satellite-to-ground, inter-satellite and satellite-based observation data, proposes an orbit synchronization method for navigation satellites and LEO satellites and verifies the influence thereof on orbit accuracy with different observation data. The experimental results under conditions of real and simulated observation data showed the following: (1) With the support of satellite-based observation links, the orbit accuracy of the BDS-3 MEO satellites could be improved significantly, with a 78% improvement with the simulation data and a 76% improvement with the real data. When the navigation satellites leave the monitoring area of the ground monitoring stations, the accuracy reduction tendency of the orbit prediction could also be slowed down with the support of the LEO satellites and the accuracy could be maintained within centimeters. (2) Comparing the orbit accuracy with the support of the satellite-to-ground observation links, the orbit accuracy of the MEO satellites could be improved by 65.5%, 73.7% and 79.4% with the support of the 6, 12 and 60 LEO satellites, respectively. When the observation geometry and the covering multiplicity meet the basic requirement of orbit determination, the improvements to the orbit accuracy decrease with the growth of LEO satellite numbers. (3) The accuracy of orbit determination with the support of the LEO satellites or the inter-satellite links was at the centimeter level for both, verifying that inter-satellite links and satellite-based links can be used as each other’s backups for navigation satellites. (4) The accuracy of orbit determination with the multi-source observation links was also at the centimeter level, which was not better than the results with the support of the satellite-to-ground and inter-satellite links or the satellite-to-ground and satellite-based links.
The Role of Name, Origin, and Voice Accent in a Robot’s Ethnic Identity
Authors: Barfield Jessica K.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the results of an experiment that was designed to explore whether users assigned an ethnic identity to the Misty II robot based on the robot’s voice accent, place of origin, and given name. To explore this topic a 2 × 3 within subject study was run which consisted of a humanoid robot speaking with a male or female gendered voice and using three different voice accents (Chinese, American, Mexican). Using participants who identified as American, the results indicated that users were able to identify the gender and ethnic identity of the Misty II robot with a high degree of accuracy based on a minimum set of social cues. However, the version of Misty II presenting with an American ethnicity was more accurately identified than a robot presenting with cues signaling a Mexican or Chinese ethnicity. Implications of the results for the design of human-robot interfaces are discussed.
Assessing Static Balance, Balance Confidence, and Fall Rate in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Teloudi Andriana , Anifanti Maria , Chatzinikolaou Konstantinos , Grouios George , Hatzitaki Vassilia , Chouvarda Ioanna , Kouidi Evangelia
Published: October 2024

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome, associated with frailty, higher fall rates, and frequent hospitalizations. Heart Failure (HF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is defined as a condition where a patient with HF have a diagnosis of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥ 50%. The risk of HFpEF increases with age and is related to higher non-cardiovascular mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate static balance and examine the effect of task difficulty on the discriminating power of balance control between patients with HFpEF (Patients with HFpEF) and their healthy controls. Moreover, the associations between static balance parameters, balance confidence, falls, lean muscle mass, and strength were assessed. Seventy two patients with HFpEF (mean age: 66.0 ± 11.6 years) and seventy two age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (mean age: 65.3 ± 9.5 years) participated in this study. Participants underwent a 30 s bilateral stance (BS) test and a 20 s Tandem-Romberg stance (TRS) on a force platform, evaluating the Range and Standard Deviation of Center of Pressure (COP) displacement parameters in both axes. Balance confidence was evaluated by the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, and the number of falls during the last year was recorded. Lower limb strength was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer, isometric leg strength, and a Sit-to-Stand test. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was conducted to assess lean fat mass, lean fat mass index, and lean%. Patients with HFpEF presented with lower static balance in BS and TRS compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05), lower balance confidence by 21.5% (p < 0.05), and a higher incidence of falls by 72.9% (p < 0.05). BS was a better descriptor of the between-group difference. Furthermore, static balance, assessed in controlled lab conditions, was found to have little if no relationship to falls, strength, lean muscle mass, and balance confidence. Although no correlation was noted between the static balance parameters and falls, the fall rate was related to balance confidence, age, muscle strength, and lean fat.
An Image-Based Sensor System for Low-Cost Airborne Particle Detection in Citizen Science Air Quality Monitoring
Authors: Ali Shah Syed Mohsin , Casado-Mansilla Diego , López-de-Ipiña Diego
Published: October 2024

Air pollution poses significant public health risks, necessitating accurate and efficient monitoring of particulate matter (PM). These organic compounds may be released from natural sources like trees and vegetation, as well as from anthropogenic, or human-made sources including industrial activities and motor vehicle emissions. Therefore, measuring PM concentrations is paramount to understanding people’s exposure levels to pollutants. This paper introduces a novel image processing technique utilizing photographs/pictures of Do-it-Yourself (DiY) sensors for the detection and quantification of PM10 particles, enhancing community involvement and data collection accuracy in Citizen Science (CS) projects. A synthetic data generation algorithm was developed to overcome the challenge of data scarcity commonly associated with citizen-based data collection to validate the image processing technique. This algorithm generates images by precisely defining parameters such as image resolution, image dimension, and PM airborne particle density. To ensure these synthetic images mimic real-world conditions, variations like Gaussian noise, focus blur, and white balance adjustments and combinations were introduced, simulating the environmental and technical factors affecting image quality in typical smartphone digital cameras. The detection algorithm for PM10 particles demonstrates robust performance across varying levels of noise, maintaining effectiveness in realistic mobile imaging conditions. Therefore, the methodology retains sufficient accuracy, suggesting its practical applicability for environmental monitoring in diverse real-world conditions using mobile devices.
Analyzing Optimal Wearable Motion Sensor Placement for Accurate Classification of Fall Directions
Authors: Teng Sokea , Kim Jung-Yeon , Jeon Seob , Gil Hyo-Wook , Lyu Jiwon , Chung Euy Hyun , Kim Kwang Seock , Nam Yunyoung
Published: October 2024

Falls represent a significant risk factor, necessitating accurate classification methods. This study aims to identify the optimal placement of wearable sensors—specifically accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers—for effective fall-direction classification. Although previous research identified optimal sensor locations for distinguishing falls from non-falls, limited attention has been given to the classification of fall direction across different body regions. This study assesses inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors placed at 12 distinct body locations to determine the most effective positions for capturing fall-related data. The research was conducted in three phases: first, comparing classifiers across all sensor locations to identify the most effective; second, evaluating performance differences between sensors placed on the left and right sides of the body; and third, exploring the efficacy of combining sensors from the upper and lower body regions. Statistical analyses of the results for the most effective classifier model demonstrate that the support vector machine (SVM) is more effective than other classifiers across all sensor locations, with statistically significant differences in performance. At the same time, the comparison between the left and right sensor locations shows no significant performance differences within the same anatomical areas. Regarding optimal sensor placement, the findings indicate that sensors positioned on the pelvis and upper legs in the lower body, as well as on the shoulder and head in the upper body, were the most effective results for accurate fall-direction classification. The study concludes that the optimal sensor configuration for fall-direction classification involves strategically combining sensors placed on the pelvis, upper legs, and lower legs.
Vessel Geometry Estimation for Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Saeed Hassan , Skalski Andrzej
Published: October 2024

The estimation of vessels’ centerlines is a critical step in assessing the geometry of the vessel, the topological representation of the vessel tree, and vascular network visualization. In this research, we present a novel method for obtaining geometric parameters from peripheral arteries in 3D medical binary volumes. Our approach focuses on centerline extraction, which yields smooth and robust results. The procedure starts with a segmented 3D binary volume, from which a distance map is generated using the Euclidean distance transform. Subsequently, a skeleton is extracted, and seed points and endpoints are identified. A search methodology is used to derive the best path on the skeletonized 3D binary array while tracking from the goal points to the seed point. We use the distance transform to calculate the distance between voxels and the nearest vessel surface, while also addressing bifurcations when vessels divide into multiple branches. The proposed method was evaluated on 22 real cases and 10 synthetically generated vessels. We compared our method to different state-of-the-art approaches and demonstrated its better performance. The proposed method achieved an average error of 1.382 mm with real patient data and 0.571 mm with synthetic data, both of which are lower than the errors obtained by other state-of-the-art methodologies. This extraction of the centerline facilitates the estimation of multiple geometric parameters of vessels, including radius, curvature, and length.
The Role of Biopolymers on the Water Retention Capacity of Stabilized Sand
Authors: Al-Mahbashi Ahmed M. , Almajed Abdullah
Published: October 2024

The application of biopolymers for sand stabilization has recently gained attention due to their natural composition, which makes them both environmentally friendly and of reasonable cost. Measuring the soil–water retention curve (SWRC) of biopolymers-treated sand is essential for the design, modeling, and interpretation of the unsaturated behavior of these materials. Unsaturated shear strength, unsaturated flow, and associated retention capacity are well addressed and evaluated using SWRC. Therefore, this study examined the possible effects of biopolymers—sodium alginate (SA), guar gum (GG), and pectin (P) on the SWRC and retention capacity for stabilized sand. Apart from natural sand, three different concentrations were investigated for each biopolymer. The SWRCs were measured over the entire practical range of suction using a combination of three techniques: hanging column for low suction measurement, axis translation techniques for moderate suction measurement, and vapor equilibrium technique for high suction measurement. The results indicate significant changes in SWRC, and a new series of micropores was developed, this, in turn, extends the desaturation zone of treated sand from a low suction range (i.e., 30 kPa) to moderate to high suction levels (i.e., 10,000 kPa). The saturated water content (ws) was slightly reduced, air entry values (AEVs), and residual suction (sr) significantly increased and multiplied up to 200 and 75 times respectively. The retention capacity increased, exhibiting a dependency between the biopolymer type and suction range. The results are of great significance for both practitioner engineers and researchers in predicting the unsaturated soil functions of treated sand.