bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volcanic Geohazard Analysis - Case Study from the Ujung Lemah Abang Nuclear Power Plant Area, Central West Java
Authors: Sumintadiredja P , Rudyawan A , Surmayadi M , Sucipta IGBE
Published: October 2023

The paper discusses the proposed development plan of a nuclear power plant in the Ujung Lemah Abang (ULA) region, located in the northern part of Mount Muria in Central Java, Indonesia. The study evaluates the potential volcanic disasters at the proposed site of the Ujung Lemah Abang nuclear power plant (NPP-ULA) near Mount Muria using the Bayesian method, which is based on a probabilistic model of the spatial distribution of volcanic events in the past and the geological processes model.

Mount Mulia is a polygenetic volcano that undergoes periodic eruptions alternating between lateral and central eruption-dominated phases. Semivariogram analysis shows a range of 150,000 years. This corresponds to the average duration of volcanic activity and the time between eruptions. Mount Muria volcanic complex can be classified as an extinct volcano with limited future eruption potential based on its last activity 320,000 years ago. The probability of eruption occurrences in Muria within the next 100 years is 1.21856 x 10−5. With this probability of eruptions, it appears that the Muria Mtn is not going to be erupted anytime soon. However, when a new magma system emerges, resulting in epicenter concentrations beneath Mount Muria, micro-earthquake monitoring is required to detect magmatic activities beneath the Muria Volcanic Complex. To estimate the likelihood of phreatomagmatic eruptions, geothermometer monitoring in deep wells is required as an active monitoring of hydrothermal activity in the Muria Volcanic Complex.
Utilization of Jason-3 Satellite Altimetry Data for Observation of TC Seroja
Authors: Mahetran Hananda D. , Wijaya Dudy D. , Tanuwijaya Zamzam A. J. , Kuntjoro Wedyanto , Setyadji Agustinus B. , Nurzman Fathin , Radjawane Ivonne M. , Park Hansan
Published: October 2023

The Jason-3 Satellite Altimetry has two main instruments: the Poseidon-3B Altimeter and the Advanced Microwave Radiometer. The two sensors produce many output data. Satellite altimetry data commonly used to observe TC are Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) and Significant Wave Height (SWH). This research tries something new by adding three other data, namely Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV), Liquid Water Content (LWC), and Wind Speed (WS). The object of this research is TC Seroja which occurred from 2 to 12 April 2021. This research was conducted to obtain all variable’s spatial and temporal profiles. The results of this study indicate that TC Seroja causes an increase in SLA, PWV, SWH, LWC, and WS. The highest SLA was 0.495 m, SWH was 4.649 m, PWV was 0.10760 m, LWC was 2.08 kg/m2, and WS was 18.42 m/s. In addition, the spatial model for the five variables in April 2021 obtained using IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting) can also provide information on the influence of TC in various places.
Data Reconstruction of Sea Surface Temperature in Indonesia’s Fish Management Area 713 (IFMA-713) Using Machine Learning
Authors: Nurdjaman S , Wicaksono R A , Kartadikaria A R , Abdullah M R
Published: October 2023

The IFMA-713 in Indonesia is water that has dynamic of temperature changes due to interactions with the Pacific Ocean and the surrounding. Sea surface temperature data can be obtained by measuring with satellite imagery. However, satellite imagery measurements of sea surface temperature can be incomplete due to cloud cover. In this study, a machine learning method was used to reconstruct sea surface temperature data using a backpropagation neural network algorithm. The data used in this research is data captured with MODIS Satellite. Then, the reconstruction of sea surface temperature data is carried with four scenarios with missing data percentages: empty data, zero values, average values at the point of data collection, and Indonesia’s average sea surface temperature. Accurate results were obtained in reconstructing sea surface temperature where the scenarios had a positive correlation. The most accurate scenarios for reconstructing sea surface temperature data with missing data were those in which the empty data was filled with average values at the point of data collection or Indonesia’s average sea surface temperature.
Effectiveness of vertical error budget model for portable multi-beam echo-sounder in shallow water bathymetric survey
Authors: Abubakar AA , Poerbandono
Published: October 2023

With the increasing availability of portable survey equipment and platforms, hydrographic data acquisition now offers a diverse range of device options and installation methods. Tailoring the mounting and installation of hydrographic survey devices to fit the boat or platform dimensions has become common practice. The use of portable equipment is essential, given the wide selection of combined options available in the market. Consequently, sensor offsets and device performance differ for each survey conducted, necessitating the constant verification of accuracy performance.

This paper examines the capabilities of portable multibeam echosounder (MBES) deployments on various types of survey boats. The investigation focuses on error budget modeling and field tests. A model is developed to estimate the propagated uncertainty resulting from different sources of measurement uncertainties. The model primarily considers vertical sources of error in MBES surveys, as they have the most significant impact on hydrographic data quality. To validate the model, field tests are conducted at two different locations using different boat and device configurations. The results demonstrate that the modeled uncertainties align with the measured standard deviations, particularly in the Pramuka area, where the standard deviation of data acquired at the widest beam angle of ±60° is 0.25m, close to the predicted value of 0.28m. However, in the Patimban area, the model overestimates the uncertainty, predicting 0.27m compared to the measured standard deviation of 0.17m.
Indonesian “tsunami-generation” in a nutshell: systematic literature review
Authors: Amahoru Afifah Hanum , Ridho Ainur , Lukafiardi Radikal , Bisri Mizan Bustanul Fuady
Published: October 2023

Publications related to tsunami-generation phase hold 42.8% of all the publications over all tsunami hazard literatures in Indonesia. Corroborating the fact, tsunami-generation studies are also vital in determining the type of propagation and inundation that may appear in the surrounding coastal regions, which in practice, can also help determining disaster management specifics and risk reduction activities. A literature review regarding tsunami-generation has been done for those purpose by using our CARI! Knowledge Engine, which includes collections of both International and Indonesian journals within the scope of Indonesian locus context. This study unpacks publication trend, the most influential articles, top contributing journals, top main authors, top institutions, and dominant countries as well as the science mapping of tsunami-generation subjects. To gain deeper understanding, we also develop tsunami-generation research framework within the basis of tsunami generation force, time occurrence, monitoring, and measurement approach, as well as hazard analysis approach. From the review, an interesting peak of tsunami-generation publications has been shown in 2020 (39 publications), following the occurrence of several Indonesian major tsunamis in the previous decade and the globally impacting Aceh Tsunami (or the Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami) in 2004. Among all the publications of tsunami-generation force, tsunamigenic earthquake has become the most studied topic (67.7% of all publications), while the most discussed atypical sources mainly come from volcanic eruption (46.67% of all atypical literatures) and submarine landslide (33.33% of all atypical literatures). In terms of tsunami-generation source, it is found that the Sunda Megathrust has been the most-discussed location, which is mentioned within 39 publications, followed by the Palu-Koro Fault with 18 publications and the Krakatau Volcano by 16 publications. Apart from the notice of significant difference between research of historical tsunami and paleotsunami (120:5 publications), some gaps also can be found when discussing the meteotsunami-generation mechanism in Indonesia and the Global Navigation Satellite System’s Total Electron Content (GNSS-TEC) method, which, although proven beneficial for the development of tsunami early warning system, accuracy is still the main issue in capturing tsunami signals and positioning actual source location of tsunami. These were some highlighted limitations that arise in our process to understand tsunami-generation mechanisms and the exploitations of the knowledge. Therefore, future studies specifically within these areas are further encouraged.
Long-term trend and variability of ocean heat content in the Indonesian Maritime Continent
Authors: Mujiasih Subekti , Ismail Mochamad Furqon Azis , Basit Abdul , Ratnawati Herlina Ika , Hatmaja Rahaden Bagas , Lekalette Johanis Dominggus
Published: October 2023

The evolution of 64 years of the ocean heat content for the upper 300 meters (OHC300) in the Indonesian Maritime Continent, viz the Banda Sea, the Sulu Sea, the Java Sea, and the Karimata Strait, was investigated using the combination of ocean and atmosphere reanalysis data. The study aims to understand its long-term trend variability and association with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The result showed a positive trend in all basins except the Banda Sea. The most significant rise was the Sulu Sea. The IOD fluctuation was more pronounced in the Western part of Indonesia. In contrast, the ENSO variation was more apparent in the Eastern part of Indonesia. The coincided La Nina events and the negative IOD significantly increased OHC—conversely, the coinciding of the El Niño events and the positive IOD caused a decrease in OHC magnitude. The significant factor increasing OHC in the maritime continent is the ENSO fluctuation, followed by the IOD fluctuation.
Mapping of Tsunami Evacuation Routes and Shelters in Batukaras Village, Pangandaran Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Hafizh Farras Rizqy , Marsekal Berto Noven , Nusantara Candida Aulia De Silva , Windupranata Wiwin
Published: October 2023

Batukaras is a village located on the Southern Coast of Java Island. The village is part of Pangandaran Regency, one of the top tourist destinations in West Java. Every year, the village attracts national and international tourists alike to Batukaras beach, famous as a surfing destination. However, the village has seen records of tsunami as recently as 2006, where a tsunami from a 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck the village and caused the death of hundreds and economic losses valued at millions of rupiahs. A series of activities aimed to increase disaster preparedness in the village has been done ever since. Recently, a team from ITB Research and Community Service Institute (LPPM) has made an effort to identify IOC-UNESCO Tsunami Ready indicators in Batukaras Village. Part of the effort is to identify tsunami evacuation routes in the village. Field observation was done to locate evacuation shelters and signages around the village, and the data is presented in the form of a tsunami evacuation map. Our study resulted in a successful mapping of evacuation routes and shelters in Batukaras Village. Furthermore, the data can be used towards the fulfillment of the IOC-UNESCO Tsunami Ready indicators in Batukaras Village.
Identification of Non-Impact Livelihoods on Mangrove Resources in Can Gio, Vietnam
Authors: Hoa L T , Thuy N T T
Published: October 2023

There are several negative impacts on mangrove resources related to 11 existing livelihoods in Can Gio district, where socio-economic development has created many changes in livelihood conditions and ecological environment of the mangrove forests [1]. As a result, the study focuses on identifying and selecting livelihood types that have no impacts on mangrove resources based on primary data collected from 537 structured questionnaires and 45 in-depth interviews with experts, forest keepers and local households about understanding of the activities of 11 current livelihoods and environmental conditions of the study areas in the past 10 years.

Qualitative data analysis, non-impact livelihood scale and AHP analysis allow the analysis and identification of 6 livelihood types appropriate for the goal of avoiding mangrove resource degradation to conserve, maintain, and sustainably develop mangrove ecosystems for Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve.
Maritime security or economic growth: The choice of stakeholders in coastal tourism development in Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province, Vietnam
Authors: Lan N T P , Thanh D T N
Published: October 2023

Coastal tourism emerges as a diverse, dynamic, fast-growing, and economically attractive form of contemporary tourism that encompasses a range of tourism, leisure- and recreational-oriented facilities and activities. As the coastline resembles a composite of ecological, social cultural, and economic values, it is of considerable interest to people, processes, and industries. Vietnam possesses the strategic advantage of a vast coastline spanning the entire length of the country, coupled with its location within the language zone of the East Sea, a crucial trading route for global commerce. Alongside the exploitation of marine resources, oil and gas, transportation, and port services, the development of coastal tourism is deemed a critical sector in promoting the growth of the maritime economy. Nevertheless, due to the national strategic position, the development of tourism in coastal areas faces challenges in reconciling national security policies for coastal defense with the goal of promoting economic development. This article examines the implementation of maritime economic development policies in Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province, highlighting a strategic balance between maintaining maritime security and promoting economic development for stakeholders. The study reveals that sustainable development in coastal tourism is not solely concerned with the livelihoods of local communities and environmental protection, which are typical concerns in other forms of tourism, rather, in the context of Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province, it is also tightly linked to maritime security.
Effect of Aggregate Proportion and Skeleton on the Strength of Porous Asphalt Mix
Authors: Chiranjeevi G , Shankar S
Published: October 2023

Investigating the skeleton behaviour of dry aggregates and the characteristics Of Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) of various open-graded bands is the prime focus of this study. The skeleton band has an impact on mechanical characteristics. To make porous asphalt mixes’ skeletal strength greater, aggregate proportion studies are necessary before evaluating its performance. So, the current research on how the gradation band behaves concerning aggregate proportions is studied in this paper. The coarse and fine aggregate percentages on the gradation that affect tensile strength values vary in this paper. The coarse content effect on the ITS value lower side and fine proportion on the gradation significantly affect and indicates the compacted sample’s binding property. In this paper, different couple conditions also effect the ITS values. The porous asphalt mixture’s main mote is to improve air void content and drainage facility while improving durability and strength parameters.
Organic-inorganic perovskite structure-based (OIPSB) solar cells: A progress from invention
Authors: Rehman Mehtab Ur , Qun Wang
Published: October 2023

The organic-inorganic perovskite structure-based (OIPSB) materials are key material for optoelectronic industry. In this review paper, we have discussed some physical properties of OIPSB compounds (lead-based) which we got from previous research findings. The main compounds of OIPSB have been given with their electronic and optical properties. Furthermore, their applications are discussed in solar cells with device structures. A full mini review of organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (OIPSCs) is given from its initial Power conversion efficiency (PCE) <4% to highest PCE of > 24%.
Electrodeposited CZTS loaded titania nanotubes for photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Jayakumar Athulya , Krishnan Ambily
Published: October 2023

Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)) is a promising semiconductor material with optimum direct band gap of 1.4-1.6 eV, large light absorption coefficient (> 104 cm-1) and p-type electrical conductivity. In addition, its earth abundant and non-toxic elemental constituents make it a good candidate to replace the CdTe and CIGS absorber layers used in thin film solar cells. Also, it has properties that make it useful as a buffer layer that helps to reduce the effective band gap of TiO2 when used as an anode for photocatalytic splitting of water. We prepared titania nano tube (TNT) arrays by anodization of titanium foil. Raman spectrum of TNT confirmed the presence of pure anatase phase of TiO2. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images were obtained to analyse the surface morphology of TNT. CZTS sensitized titania nano tube arrays were then prepared by the electrodeposition of CZTS thin films over TNT arrays. FESEM images of the CZTS sensitized titania nano tube arrays showed that the electrodeposited CZTS layer had a fibrous structure. A photo electro chemical (PEC) cell was set up with CZTS sensitized titania nanotubes as anode. An anodic current density of 0.19 mA/cm2 was shown by the PEC cell when the anode was irradiated with blue light of wavelength 430 nm at power 50 mW/cm2. The incident photon to current conversion efficiency was 1.1 %.
DFT study of Hydrogen storage capacity on Hf doped graphene
Authors: Karde Ravindra , Lone Baliram
Published: October 2023

We explored the molecular hydrogen storage capacity of complex system with Hafnium doped graphene (Gr-Hf) using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. We efficiently adsorbed molecular six hydrogens on the Hf doped graphene surface. The quantum chemically calculated adsorption energy is found negatively in the range of - 344.433 Ry to -333.836 Ry this implies as increasing the adsorbed hydrogen molecule on hafnium doped graphene (Gr-Hf) sheet the adsorption energy decreases continuously. The binding energy of after adsorbing second hydrogen molecule too much larger than the next adsorbed H2 molecules i.e., the binding energy per hydrogen molecule highly decreases when we increase adsorbed atom (2.197 Ry in 2H2 to 1.048 Ry in 3H2) then small decreases for next adsorbed H2 molecules. The extracted binding energy found in the range 2.197 Ry to 2.120 Ry, fermi energy found minimum for 1H2 shows the minimum electron occupancy at the different energy levels. The fermi energy increases accordingly, the electron occupancy also increases and evaluates higher electron occupancy with fermi energy 2.850 eV for 6H2 and density of states (DOS) confirm the weak interaction between σ bonding electrons of H2 molecule with Hf doped graphene complex system. The proposed system opens a new insight for hydrogen storage-based devices.
Comparative analysis of MgB2 superconducting wire for various cooling treatments through a sintering process
Authors: Herbirowo S , Pramono A W , Sofyan N , Yuwono A H , Imaduddin A
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a comparative analysis of MgB2 superconducting wire for various cooling treatments. The study investigates the effect of different cooling rates on the phase transformation, hardness, microstructure, and properties of the MgB2 wires. The samples were prepared by the powder-in-tube method using a mixture of magnesium and amorphous-boron powders through the sintering and hot rolling process The wires were cooled down at three different conditions, followed by characterization using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and hardness measurements. The results show that the cooling rate after sintering significantly impacted the microstructure and hardness strength of the MgB2 wires. A slower cooling rate led to a denser microstructure and higher hardness properties, while a faster cooling rate resulted in a more porous microstructure and lower hardness. However, it can be recommended further deformation for smaller wire sizes. These findings could provide insights into optimizing the sintering process to produce high-performance MgB2.
Investigating the effect of Manufactured sand and Silica Fume on the properties of Concrete
Authors: Chowdary Nandigam Bhargav , Mahajan Akshat , Jaggi Sahil
Published: October 2023

In the present era, concrete is one of the most commonly used construction materials worldwide. Consequently, the demand for natural river sand is increasing. Since the mining of natural sand has already been outlawed by the government in many regions, now it is essential to look into sustainable materials to control natural sand extraction. Hence, manufactured sand (MS) has been shown in numerous studies to be a more practical and environmentally responsible alternative to river sand (RS), which is normally used in the production of concrete. At the same time, the cement industry produces tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, affecting atmospheric conditions. Now, it’s time to look into a suitable replacement material for cement. To investigate the feasibility of using manufactured sand & silica fume in place of river sand and cement under normal climatic conditions fresh, mechanical and durability properties were conducted in the laboratory. Twelve samples of M30 grade cubes and cylinders at desired M sand percentages of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 & 0% and 5% variation of silica fume with cement are included in this study as a comparison to the control mix. After 28 days of water curing, a random variation in the properties of concrete was observed in the samples. In this experimental study, SF represents Silica Fume, MS represents manufactured sand, RS represents river sand, FA represents Fine aggregates and CA represents Coarse aggregates.
Rare Earth Based Iron Garnet – A Survey on Its Magnetic Properties
Authors: Priyanshu A , Nath M , Bandyopadhyay A
Published: October 2023

Garnet is a well-known material for a long-time by the scientific community but still today scientists are focusing on it due to the rapid application-based development of this material. When rare earth iron garnets (REIG) are formed by substituting the rare-earth ions with unfilled 4fn
orbitals, the magnetic properties of the iron garnets exhibit an interesting characteristic. For rare earth elements, the 4f electrons are shielded from the crystal field as these are surrounded by 5s, 5p, or 5d orbitals. That is why the exchange field between rare earth ions is much smaller than that between iron-iron and rare earth-iron. The magnetic moment of REIG will be both due to the orbital and spin moment. The magnetization of REIG at different temperatures (T) is due to the dominant contribution of different sublattices. At high and low T, the dominant sublattices are iron and rare earth sublattices respectively. The magnetic and non-magnetic ion substitution in REIG also play a very important role in deciding their magnetic property. In this review, we have tried to figure out the basic underlying physics behind the origin of remarkable magnetic behavior in REIG.
Design and Implementation of Hybrid Energy Storage System Integrating Lithium-ion Battery and Wind Turbine
Authors: Harippriya S. , Jayanthy S. , Esakki vigneswaran E.
Published: October 2023

A hybrid energy storage system (HESS) by integrating Lithium-Ion Battery and Wind Turbine System for Electric Vehicle is designed and implemented. An advanced model of lithium ion/wind turbine HESS model is developed to improve the battery’s charging capacity. The behavior of this model is tested by using Machine Learning Algorithms to identify remaining battery capacity of the energy storage components. The Machine learning Algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF) Decision Tree (DT) and Linear Regression (LR) are implemented which helps in predicting the State of Charge (SoC) in the electric vehicle to estimate the battery’s lifetime. The SoC of the EV without HESS is calculated and compared with the SoC of HESS implemented EV model. Sensors are used to measure the current and voltage parameters of the Lithium-Ion Battery setup (Internal Battery) and Storage Battery (External Battery). The measured data is sent to the LPC2148 ARM microcontroller Board. The data that is obtained from LPC2148 is given as input to the machine learning algorithms which are executed in the Computer. Performance metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square (RMSE), R-Square Error (R2E) and Mean Square Error (MSE) are calculated and the SoC values are predicted. The Random Forest algorithm produces better results for the HESS model as the Error values produced are less than 2.5%. The battery capacity of the electric vehicle has been improved by using external battery that is charged by wind turbine. Thus, the driving range of the electric vehicle implemented with HESS is increased twice when compared to conventional electric vehicle [1].
Wafer Defect Identification with Optimal Hyper-Parameter Tuning of Support Vector Machine using the Deep Feature of ResNet 101
Authors: Dash Shishir Prasad , Ramadevi J. , Amat Rajat , Sethy Prabira Kumar , Behera Santi Kumari , Mallick Sunil
Published: October 2023

As semiconductor processing technologies continue to advance, semiconductor wafers are becoming more densely packed and intricate, resulting in a higher incidence of surface imperfections. Therefore, it is crucial to detect these defects early and accurately classify them to pinpoint the root causes of the defects in the manufacturing process, ultimately leading to improved yield. Therefore, defect detection is critical in the industrial production of monocrystalline silicon. This study employs deep learning techniques to propose a framework for detecting defects on silicon wafers, focusing on optimizing the hyperparameters of support vector machines (SVM). Three methods were utilized to fine-tune the SVM parameters: Bayesian optimization, grid search, and random search techniques. This study demonstrates how selecting optimal values for SVM parameters can lead to better classification. Additionally, real manufacturing data were utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed SVM classifier, with a comparison to state-of-the-art techniques in the field. By using deep features from ResNet 101 and a support vector machine, this work achieves 74.5% accuracy in identifying wafer defects without employing any optimization technique. However, the performance of the model was further improved by utilizing the random search optimization technique, which yielded the best result among the three optimization techniques tested, with an accuracy of 88.1%.
A review on machine learning based counterfeit integrated circuit detection
Authors: Udaya Shankar S , Kalpana P
Published: October 2023

Counterfeit electronics parts have changed today’s electronic market all over the world. A large number of Integrated Circuit (IC) designers, manufacturers and suppliers present in the market have led to an increase in the counterfeiting. Still, there are no proper standards are formulated to regulate the spread of counterfeit electronics. Large number of research solutions is provided to identify them. Still, several forms of counterfeit ICs are not yet detected up to an extent. One of the promising solutions developed in recent research is the use of machine learning algorithms in the detection of counterfeit ICs. A state-of-the-art survey on the electrical and physical inspection methods to detect the counterfeit ICs using various machine learning approaches with other algorithms are presented and compared. Future directions for the identification of counterfeit ICs are also provided to increase the lifetime of the circuit.
Solidification analysis for variable thickness aluminum castings: simulation and chill design insights
Authors: Yilmaz Galip , Colak Murat , Uslu Emin
Published: October 2023

Manufacturing high-quality casting parts with complex geometries requires high engineering skill and precision. One essential quality concern is isolated hot spots within the castings, often in thick sections. Each hot spot must be consistently fed or mitigated through directional solidification techniques. The impact of various mold sands and the geometry of chill parts on solidification direction was investigated using specialized casting and general-purpose simulation programs. A parametric optimization method was employed to analyze directional solidification to adjust the geometry of the chill parts. The results indicate that employing diverse mold sands to enhance cooling in the thick sections was a viable strategy for achieving directional solidification in parts where the feeding pathway is obstructed due to changes in cross-section. Furthermore, the study revealed that intricate details in the chill part’s geometry are not critical; however, a minimum volume (or weight) was necessary for adequate directional solidification. Lastly, an easily applicable mathematical model has been developed to determine the required volume of chill parts to ensure successful directional solidification.
Unraveling the dynamics of wealth inequality and the impact on social mobility and health disparities
Authors: La Porta Caterina A M , Zapperi Stefano
Published: October 2023

Inequalities in wealth, income, access to food and healthcare have been rising worldwide in the past decades, approaching levels seen in the early 20th century. Here we study the relationships between wealth inequality and mobility for different segments of the population, comparing longitudinal surveys conducted in the USA and in Italy. The larger wealth inequality observed in the USA is reflected by poorer health conditions than in Italy. We also find that in both countries wealth mobility becomes slower at the two extremes of the wealth distribution. Households trapped in a state of persistent lack of wealth are generally experiencing greater food insecurity and poorer health than the general population. We interpret the observed association between inequality and immobility using a simple agent based model of wealth condensation driven by random returns and exchanges. The model describes well survey data on a qualitative level, but the mobility is generally overestimated by the model. We trace back this discrepancy to the way income is generated for low-wealth households which is not correctly accounted by the model. On the other hand, the model is excellent in describing the wealth dynamics within a restricted class of ultra-wealthy, as we demonstrate by analyzing billionaires lists. Our results suggest that different forms of inequality are intertwined and should therefore be addressed together.
X-ray quantification of oxygen groups on diamond surfaces for quantum applications
Authors: Dontschuk N , Rodgers LVH , Chou JP , Evans DA , O’Donnell K M , Johnson HJ , Tadich A , Schenk AK , Gali A , de Leon NP , Stacey A
Published: October 2023

Identifying the surface chemistry of diamond materials is increasingly important for device applications, especially quantum sensors. Oxygen-related termination species are widely used because they are naturally abundant, chemically stable, and compatible with stable nitrogen vacancy centres near the diamond surface. Diamond surfaces host a mixture of oxygen-related species, and the precise chemistry and relative coverage of different species can lead to dramatically different electronic properties, with direct consequences for near-surface quantum sensors. However, it is challenging to unambiguously identify the different groups or quantify the relative surface coverage. Here we show that a combination of x-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopies can be used to quantitatively identify the coverage of carbonyl functional groups on the

{
100
}

diamond surface. Using this method we reveal an unexpectedly high fraction of carbonyl groups (

>

9%) on a wide range of sample surfaces. Furthermore, through a combination of ab initio calculations and spectroscopic studies of engineered surfaces, we reveal unexpected complexities in the x-ray spectroscopy of oxygen terminated diamond surfaces. Of particular note, we find the binding energies of carbonyl-related groups on diamond differs significantly from other organic systems, likely resulting in previous misestimation of carbonyl fractions on diamond surfaces.
Inferring alpha, beta, and gamma plant diversity across biomes with GEDI spaceborne lidar
Authors: Hakkenberg C R , Atkins J W , Brodie J F , Burns P , Cushman S , Jantz P , Kaszta Z , Quinn C A , Rose M D , Goetz S J
Published: October 2023

Biodiversity-structure relationships (BSRs), which describe the correlation between biodiversity and three-dimensional forest structure, have been used to map spatial patterns in biodiversity based on forest structural attributes derived from lidar. However, with the advent of spaceborne lidar like the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), investigators are confronted with how to predict biodiversity from discrete GEDI footprints, sampled discontinuously across the Earth surface and often spatially offset from where diversity was measured in the field. In this study, we used National Ecological Observation Network data in a hierarchical modeling framework to assess how spatially-coincident BSRs (where field-observed taxonomic diversity measurements and structural data from airborne lidar coincide at a single plot) compare with BSRs based on statistical aggregates of proximate, but spatially-dispersed GEDI samples of structure. Despite substantial ecoregional variation, results confirm cross-biome consistency in the relationship between plant/tree alpha diversity and spatially-coincident lidar data, including structural data from outside the field plot where diversity was measured. Moreover, we found that generalized forest structural profiles derived from GEDI footprint aggregates were consistently related to tree alpha diversity, as well as cross-biome patterns in beta and gamma diversity. These findings suggest that characteristic forest structural profiles generated from aggregated GEDI footprints are effective for BSR diversity prediction without incorporation of more standard predictors of biodiversity like climate, topography, or optical reflectance. Cross-scale comparisons between airborne- and GEDI-derived structural profiles provide guidance for balancing scale-dependent trade-offs between spatial proximity and sample size for BSR-based prediction with GEDI gridded products. This study fills a critical gap in our understanding of how generalized forest structural attributes can be used to infer specific field-observed biodiversity patterns, including those not directly observable from remote sensing instruments. Moreover, it bolsters the empirical basis for global-scale biodiversity prediction with GEDI spaceborne lidar.
Cracking the pattern of tumor evolution based on single-cell copy number alterations
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Min , Shi Jian , Zhu Yue , Wang Xin , Zhang Shaojun , Wang Fang
Published: October 2023

Copy number alterations (CNAs) are a key characteristic of tumor development and progression. The accumulation of various CNAs during tumor development plays a critical role in driving tumor evolution. Heterogeneous clones driven by distinct CNAs have different selective advantages, leading to differential patterns of tumor evolution that are essential for developing effective cancer therapies. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing technology have enabled genome-wide copy number profiling of tumor cell populations at single-cell resolution. This has made it possible to explore the evolutionary patterns of CNAs and accurately discover the mechanisms of intra-tumor heterogeneity. Here, we propose a two-step statistical approach that distinguishes neutral, linear, branching and punctuated evolutionary patterns for a tumor cell population based on single-cell copy number profiles. We assessed our approach using a variety of simulated and real single-cell genomic and transcriptomic datasets, demonstrating its high accuracy and robustness in predicting tumor evolutionary patterns. We applied our approach to single-cell DNA sequencing data from 20 breast cancer patients and observed that punctuated evolution is the dominant evolutionary pattern in breast cancer. Similar conclusions were drawn when applying the approach to single-cell RNA sequencing data obtained from 132 various cancer patients. Moreover, we found that differential immune cell infiltration is associated with specific evolutionary patterns. The source code of our study is available at https://github.com/FangWang-SYSU/PTEM.
Identification of disease modules using higher-order network structure
Authors: Singh Pramesh , Kuder Hannah , Ritz Anna
Published: October 2023

Motivation

Higher-order interaction patterns among proteins have the potential to reveal mechanisms behind molecular processes and diseases. While clustering methods are used to identify functional groups within molecular interaction networks, these methods largely focus on edge density and do not explicitly take into consideration higher-order interactions. Disease genes in these networks have been shown to exhibit rich higher-order structure in their vicinity, and considering these higher-order interaction patterns in network clustering have the potential to reveal new disease-associated modules.

Results

We propose a higher-order community detection method which identifies community structure in networks with respect to specific higher-order connectivity patterns beyond edges. Higher-order community detection on four different protein–protein interaction networks identifies biologically significant modules and disease modules that conventional edge-based clustering methods fail to discover. Higher-order clusters also identify disease modules from genome-wide association study data, including new modules that were not discovered by top-performing approaches in a Disease Module DREAM Challenge. Our approach provides a more comprehensive view of community structure that enables us to predict new disease–gene associations.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/Reed-CompBio/graphlet-clustering.
FORALL: an interactive shiny/R web portal to navigate multi-omics high-throughput data of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Aswad Luay , Jafari Rozbeh
Published: October 2023

Motivation

Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer among children worldwide. The availability of easily accessible multi-omics data provides unprecedented resources and opportunities for discovering and refining disease biology, cancer biomarkers, and drug mechanisms of action. This has led to exponential growth of omics data available in public repositories. However, delivering the useful information and knowledge extraction from this data is one of the bottlenecks of multi-omics. Presenting, navigating, and downloading ALL omics data in a user-friendly interface provide a valuable platform for biologists and clinicians to get most of the omics data. Our in-house data provides in-depth mass spectrometry-based protein abundance data for a large panel of commercially available ALL cell lines. Providing this data to the scientific community in the form of a user-friendly web-portal allows for easy and detailed exploration of the data.

Results

We have developed the Functional Omics Resource of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (FORALL) web-portal. FORALL is a shiny-based web portal designed to navigate in-depth mass spectrometry-based proteomics data of 51 cell lines. The proteomics data can be navigated and visualized along with matched RNA expression data as well as drug sensitivity data of 528 investigational and approved drugs.

Availability and implementation

FORALL is available at https://proteomics.se/forall/.
Active elite rugby participation is associated with altered precentral cortical thickness
Authors: Parker Thomas D , Zimmerman Karl A , Laverse Etienne , Bourke Niall J , Graham Neil S N , Mallas Emma-Jane , Heslegrave Amanda , Zetterberg Henrik , Kemp Simon , Morris Huw R , Sharp David J
Published: October 2023

There is growing concern that elite rugby participation may negatively influence brain health, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Cortical thickness is a widely applied biomarker of grey matter structure, but there is limited research into how it may be altered in active professional rugby players. Cross-sectional MRI data from 44 active elite rugby players, including 21 assessed within 1 week of head injury, and 47 healthy controls were analysed. We investigated how active elite rugby participation with and without sub-acute traumatic brain injury influenced grey matter structure using whole cortex and region of interest cortical thickness analyses. Relationships between cortical thickness and biomarkers of traumatic brain injury, including fractional anisotropy, plasma neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein, were also examined. In whole-cortex analyses, precentral cortical thickness in the right hemisphere was lower in rugby players compared with controls, which was due to reductions in non-injured players. Post hoc region of interest analyses showed non-injured rugby players had reduced cortical thickness in the inferior precentral sulcal thickness bilaterally (P = 0.005) and the left central sulcus (P = 0.037) relative to controls. In contrast, players in the sub-acute phase of mild traumatic brain injury had higher inferior precentral sulcal cortical thickness in the right hemisphere (P = 0.015). Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker of astrocyte activation, was positively associated with right inferior precentral sulcal cortical thickness in injured rugby players (P = 0.0012). Elite rugby participation is associated with localized alterations in cortical thickness, specifically in sulcal motor regions. Sub-acute changes after mild traumatic brain injury are associated with evidence of astrocytic activation. The combination of cortical thickness and glial fibrillary acidic protein may be useful in understanding the pathophysiological relationship between sporting head injury and brain health.
My Personal Calling
Authors: Havlir Diane V
Published: October 2023

The author, an infectious diseases physician based in Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, shares her personal and professional experiences during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and how it was influenced by her work with the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS pandemic.
Chronic total occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery with collateral channels from the bronchial artery: a case report
Authors: Takahashi Tetsuya , Hosogi Shingo , Yamanaka Tamon , Tsuchikane Etsuo
Published: October 2023

Background

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions contain various collateral channels. Only a few reports have described CTO with collateral channels from the bronchial arteries.

Case summary

Herein, we report the case of a 59-year-old man with a left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery CTO with collateral channels from the bronchial arteries. The J-CTO score was 1. After confirming myocardial viability and myocardial ischaemia using a stress myocardial perfusion imaging test, we performed percutaneous coronary intervention for the CTO lesion. Successful revascularization was achieved by adopting the antegrade approach with the angiogram guidance of distal visualization using the bronchial artery.

Discussion

Notably, there are no other reports of LCX CTO with collateral channels from the bronchial artery. Distal visualization of the distal true lumen is essential for the success of the antegrade approach. Furthermore, appropriate distal visualization helps to avoid unnecessary retrograde approaches and reduce complications.
An unusual concomitance of acute heart failure: prolactinoma in a patient with left ventricular dysfunction—a case report
Authors: Saito Wataru , Idouji Makoto , Shibue Kimitaka , Ito Shinya
Published: October 2023

Background

Heart failure concomitant with prolactinoma is extremely rare.

Case summary

We present the case of a 29-year-old man who had acute decompensated heart failure concomitant with visual loss in his right eye. Transthoracic echocardiography indicated severely decreased left ventricular (LV) function. A massive tumour on the sella turcica was detected by brain computed tomography. The findings of the laboratory tests showed hyperprolactinaemia with hypopituitarism, and the antigen test for coronavirus disease 2019 was positive as an incidental finding. Medication for heart failure and cabergoline therapy were started immediately. His LV function significantly improved, and he had no symptoms after a year.

Discussion

Prolactinoma in men, which can cause visual loss and hypopituitarism, is frequently substantial when diagnosed. The cardiac manifestation of prolactinoma is uncommon. It is believed that a major contributing component to the pathogenesis of peripartum cardiomyopathy is hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia may cause endothelial damage and cardiomyocyte dysfunction, eventually resulting in LV dysfunction. The success of LV reverse remodelling may be significantly impacted by heart failure and hormone treatments. Heart failure and endocrine therapy should be administered concurrently to patients who have prolactinoma and congestive heart failure.
Broad and narrow complex tachycardia resulting in cardiorespiratory arrest in a child: what is the optimal treatment strategy?
Authors: Sadagopan Shankar N , Yue Arthur M
Published: October 2023

Background

We describe a child with a broad and narrow complex tachycardia causing haemodynamic collapse.

Case summary

A 9-year-old girl (weight 26 kg, height 114 cm) with a 5-year history of refractory ‘epilepsy’ presented with cardiorespiratory arrest and tonic-clonic seizure, witnessed by her mother. Electrocardiogram documented recurrent episodes of simultaneous broad and narrow tachycardias associated with haemodynamic compromise. Diagnostic electrophysiologic study (EPS) confirmed a dual tachycardia mechanism. The challenge in selecting the optimal treatment strategy is discussed. A diagnosis of dual tachycardia was made with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and simultaneous focal atrial tachycardia.

Discussion

Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (VT) induced by isoproterenol in this clinical scenario is strongly suggestive of CPVT. Diagnostic EPS can be useful in challenging clinical situations to understand the mechanism of arrhythmias and to tailor the most appropriate treatment strategy. Combination therapy with nadolol and flecainide is highly effective in ventricular arrhythmia control. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation is not without risk in CPVT as there is a potential of electrical storm driven by shock therapy that increases adrenergic drive. Cervical sympathectomy may be considered if further VTs occur in future despite optimum medical therapy.