bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irregularly sampled seismic data interpolation with self-supervised learning
Authors: Fang Wenqian , Fu Lihua , Wu Mengyi , Yue Jingnan , Li Hongwei
Published: January 2023

Supervised convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are commonly used for seismic data interpolation, in which a recovery network is trained over corrupted (input)/complete (label) pairs. However, the trained model always suffers from poor generalization when the target test data are significantly different from the training data sets. To address this issue, we have developed a self-supervised deep learning method for interpolating irregularly missing traces, which uses only the corrupted seismic data for training. This approach is based on the receptive field characteristic of CNNs, and the training pairs are extracted from the corrupted seismic data through a random trace mask. After network training, all target data are recovered using the trained model. This self-supervised learning interpolation (SSLI) method can be easily integrated into commonly used CNNs. Synthetic and field examples demonstrate that SSLI not only significantly outperforms traditional multichannel singular spectrum analysis and unsupervised deep seismic prior methods but also competes with supervised learning methods.
Resolution of Hyperandrogenism, Insulin Resistance and Acanthosis Nigricans (HAIR-AN) Syndrome After Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Lewin Zoe , Vitek Wendy S , O’Malley William , Astapova Olga
Published: January 2023

Hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN) is a severe subphenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A 32-year-old woman with HAIR-AN and class 3 obesity presented to an endocrinology clinic after she failed sequential trials of treatment with metformin, estrogen–progestin OCP, spironolactone, leuprolide, and a levonorgestrel intrauterine device. She complained of hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans severely affecting her quality of life and had secondary amenorrhea. Laboratory evaluation showed extremely elevated testosterone and insulin levels and elevated glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). She underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. One year after the surgery, she lost 32% of her body weight and reported normalization of menses, dramatic improvement in hirsutism, and near-resolution of acanthosis nigricans. Her testosterone, insulin, and HbA1c normalized. This case demonstrates the central role of hyperinsulinemia in HAIR-AN and suggests that aggressive measures to normalize insulin resistance and reduce excess weight can effectively treat the reproductive abnormalities in this syndrome. We suggest that bariatric surgery can be an effective cure for HAIR-AN syndrome and that PCOS, including HAIR-AN, should be considered a comorbidity of obesity during evaluation of bariatric surgery candidates.
Elegy, Form, and the Inorganic: Geoffrey Hill, Paul Celan, Ice
Authors: McGuinn Jacob
Published: January 2023

This essay considers the problematic presence of the inanimate in elegiac form. Focusing on Geoffrey Hill (1932–2016) as translator/elegist of Paul Celan (1920–1970), this essay argues that Hill’s poetry responds to the challenge of addressing the nonliving by way of Celan’s own poetics of the inanimate. This doubled incorporation of the inanimate puts under pressure concepts of poetic form and of reading that are structured by organic animation. Hill’s poems emerge as structured by a principle of inorganic production that finds its aesthetic paradigm in Kant’s concept of “crystallization.” Reading the emergence of nonorganic processes from organic spaces in Hill’s work, the reemergence of a postindustrial pastoral in elegiac form, and the translation of the crystal-image of ice from Celan’s poetry into Hill’s own, this essay addresses the possibility of thinking form as a nonorganic process in elegy, and of thinking an elegiac poetics of form.
Investigating overall health and life quality of patients undergoing dialysis in chronic dialysis units
Authors: Moustakis Ilias , Filippas Matthew , Koretsi Maria , Linardakis Manolis , Rikos Nikolaos
Published: January 2023

Background: Dialysis patients experience intense psychological and emotional changes and symptoms that affect their daily quality of life.
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the overall health and life quality of patients undergoing dialysis.
Methods and Material: This cross-sectional study involves 49 patients undergoing dialysis, during June and August of 2019 in the hemodialysis units in Athens. Intentional sampling was used as the sampling method and the research tool was the questionnaire (KDQOL-SF ™ –2009). IBMSPSS 25.0 was used for data analysis. Frequency distributions were calculated, 95% confidence intervals with bootstrap techniques, while the non-parametric rho-Spearman correlation coefficients of the KDQOL-SF subscales were also calculated and followed by multiple linear regressions of the Total Health Scale that determine the quality of life.
Results: The most important and positive findings regarding the quality of life of the participants were the social support the patients received 57.1%, the encouragement from the staff of the nephrology department 44.9%, the cognitive function 82.4%, and patients satisfaction 84.3%, while work status 16.3%, pain 64,4%, sexual function 37%, the physical function 58.8%, scored the worst results. Scores representing the emotional well-being of the patient, a value closely related to the quality of life, were moderate.
Conclusions: The present study shows the need for intervention planning for patients with ongoing monitoring, as well as creative employment and work programs to achieve an improvement in their overall health and quality of life.
Data management challenges for artificial intelligence in plant and agricultural research
Authors: Williamson Hugh F. , Brettschneider Julia , Caccamo Mario , Davey Robert P. , Goble Carole , Kersey Paul J. , May Sean , Morris Richard J. , Ostler Richard , Pridmore Tony , Rawlings Chris , Studholme David , Tsaftaris Sotirios A. , Leonelli Sabina
Published: January 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used within plant science, yet it is far from being routinely and effectively implemented in this domain. Particularly relevant to the development of novel food and agricultural technologies is the development of validated, meaningful and usable ways to integrate, compare and visualise large, multi-dimensional datasets from different sources and scientific approaches. After a brief summary of the reasons for the interest in data science and AI within plant science, the paper identifies and discusses eight key challenges in data management that must be addressed to further unlock the potential of AI in crop and agronomic research, and particularly the application of Machine Learning (AI) which holds much promise for this domain.
Lotman in the Anglophone world: General trends, two new anthologies and a Companion
Authors: Monticelli Daniele
Published: January 2023

This article reconstructs the main foci and changes in the reception of Juri Lotman’s work and Lotman-related scholarship in the Anglophone world. The first part of the article presents a brief critical overview of the history of the translations of Juri Lotman’s works into English and of Anglophone scholarship on Lotman from 1973 to the present. The second part of the article considers more closely three volumes entirely dedicated to Lotman’s work which have most recently been published in English: the anthologies of translated texts by Lotman Culture, Memory and History: Essays in Cultural Semiotics (2019, ed. Marek Tamm) and Culture and Communication: Signs in Flux. An Anthology of Major and Lesser-Known Works by Juri Lotman (2020, ed. Andreas Schönle) as well as The Companion to Juri Lotman: A Semiotic Theory of Culture (2022, eds. Marek Tamm and Peeter Torop).
Fifty volumes of Sign Systems Studies
Authors: Kull Kalevi , Puumeister Ott
Published: January 2023

The article gives a brief overview of the publication of the journal Sign Systems Studies. Throughout its publication period that started in 1964 the journal has been edited by a group of Tartu semioticians; the publisher has been the University of Tartu Press. While the first 25 volumes mainly contained articles in Russian, the next 25 volumes have predominantly been given out in English. We provide a list of thematic issues and a complete bibliography of the articles that have appeared in the journal during its entire publication period from 1964 to 2022.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD IN THE FORM OF THE CLASSICAL MIXED BUILDING MECHANICS METHOD. Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Ignatyev Alexander V.
Published: January 2023

The dissertation states: 1. The main provisions of the theory of the finite element method in the form of a classical mixed method. 2. Methods for obtaining physical and mathematical models of finite elements with mixed unknowns in the main system. 3. Construction of resolving equations based on the obtained mathematical models of finite elements and development of algorithms for their solution. 4. Algorithms for solving problematic problems: accounting for FE displacements as a rigid whole, accounting for rigid inclusions and holes. 5. Features of physical and mathematical models of problems of dynamics and stability of structures and the calculation algorithms that implement them. 6. Physical and mathematical models of reduction methods for lowering the order of large systems of frequency resolving equations. 7. Physical and mathematical models and algorithms for solving geometrically nonlinear problems and problems of calculating structurally nonlinear systems with one-way connections.
Creation of Interactive Models of Historical and Cultural Heritage Objects and Their Use in Pedagogical Activities
Authors: Ponomarev Vladimir
Published: January 2023

The issues of teaching university students to create interactive objects of cultural heritage and assemble virtual museum expositions on their basis using the example of virtual museums "Soldiers of Victory", "Heritage of the Tambov Land", "Desktop Museum of the History of the Cossacks: Augmented Reality Technologies", as well as their application in educational activities, are considered in the article. Work on these virtual museums is carried out by students and teachers of K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management with the support of the Moscow Department of Education and Science, the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs and the Presidential Grants Fund. The principles of creating interactive objects, technologies for creating virtual museums, as well as the results of studying various types of content for the target audience of projects are described.
Application of the Fundamentals of German New Medicine in the Psychological Rehabilitation of Dermatological Patients
Authors: Kalyuzhnyy Ivan , Abdullaeva N. , Taysaeva Svetlana , Murzova O. , Grachieva O.
Published: January 2023

Modern reality, in its current version of development, has not been able to reduce the rate of development and prevalence of dermatological diseases. It is widely known that psychological factors play a significant role in the causes of these pathologies. There are often situations when this component is the only obvious determinant that provokes the active dynamics of a particular skin disease. Based on these trends, we can say that the need to create a solid theoretical concept that could be effectively used in clinical practice has maximum relevance in modern realities. One of such concepts is the German New Medicine (author – Raik Hamer). In this article, an attempt is made to introduce the theoretical foundations of this model into medical practice, a specific clinical case is described with a detailed analysis of most psychological aspects, one way or another, related to the influence of the stress component on the development of dermatological symptoms. The described clinical case was chosen as the most suitable, for the fullest possible reflection of the real functioning of special biolog-ical programs and laws. The data obtained with the standard psychological diagnosis are compared with the data obtained by applying the theoretical provisions of the German New Medicine to the clinical case. Additionally, the efficiency of this theory is checked by the correspondence of anamnestic information, a group of complaints, the actual condition of the patient, the subjective opinion of a specialist (medical psychologist) – a certain special biological program that obeys the first biological law according to R. Hamer. Thus, the results of psychodiagnostics confirm the ef-fectiveness of using the concept of Raik Hamer in actual clinical practice.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF EFFECTIVE EVACUATION OF CHILDREN, INCLUDING CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, IN EMERGENCIES AND FIRES
Authors: Vershinin Aleksandr , Mihaylov Andrey , Reutov Vladimir , Sidorkin Vladimir , Chistyakova Anna , Sidorkin Gennady
Published: January 2023

Currently, the attention of the state and society is particularly focused on the problems of child safety, the development of inclusive education and upbringing of children with disabilities, refugees and migrants. Statistical data on the death/injury of children and certain problematic aspects of evacuation at educational facilities confirm the urgency of an operational change in attitude and a turn to face the problem of child safety. The authors consider the issues of the complexity of the processes of evacuation of children, including with HIA associated with low psychological readiness of teachers / educators and children, the absence, and in some cases the malfunction of advanced technical means of notification in emergency situations and fires for various categories of students and pupils. Some algorithms for improving the effectiveness of evacuation training in the process of teaching and raising children, information and communication technologies, and the introduction of artificial intelligence in the field of educational environment security are proposed. The responsibility of heads of educational organizations for violation of fire safety requirements is highlighted. The role of interaction of services ensuring public safety is emphasized.
Resources for the effectiveness of professional psychological selection in the system of staff turnover prevention of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Kostina Elena
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the actualization of resources for the effectiveness of professional psychological selection in the system of preventing staff turnover in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The relationship between the effectiveness of professional psychological selection and staff turnover is emphasized. The results of the analysis of domestic and foreign approaches to the problem of professional psychological selection and its improvement are presented. The dynamics of the results of professional psychological selection of candidates for service (training) at the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikotya from 2015 to 2022 It is proposed to take into account specific resources for the effectiveness of professional psychological selection in order to reduce staff turnover in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, including the preliminary provision of complete realistic information about the organizational culture, analysis of the personality's compliance with the requirements of the organization, improvement of the criteria for determining risk factors, increasing the selection index and requirements for candidates, specialized training psychologists in clinical psychology.
Project Management Based on the Analysis of Business Processes and the Main Trends in the Development of Commercial Banks
Authors: Zotova E.
Published: January 2023

As a result of the changes that have affected to a large extent the entire banking system of the Russian Federation, banks were forced to rebuild the proven algorithms and automated management platforms. The reason for this is the import substitution of the software used as a result of the depar-ture of the main vendors of foreign automated systems that were used by Russian banks. At the same time, many banks faced a situation in which the accepted software from Russian developers was difficult to integrate into the management environment of their business processes. At the same time, each bank solves this problem in its own way, while software develop-ers bring new products to the market, often not taking into account the inter-ests of banks, which together leads to problems in adapting the proposed software to the required functionality. Without studying the specifics of the business processes of modern banking organizations, many solutions re-main unclaimed.

Therefore, it is relevant to study business processes and trends in the de-velopment of commercial processes in the banking sector, which will allow modern developers to more clearly and clearly introduce systems to the market that help meet all the needs of financial organizations.

This article presents the capabilities of Russian developers to integrate modern software into the business processes of the banking sector, which will, to a certain extent, solve the problems associated with the withdrawal of foreign vendors from the market. The study will determine the capabilities of banks and is aimed at ensuring that developers also take into account the interests and specifics of the commercial processes of the banking sec-tor, which together will allow building the most effective digital management platforms.
Schizophrenia plus – comorbidity of schizophrenia and personality disorders. Clinician’s reflections
Authors: Jarema Marek
Published: January 2023

Jednoczasowe rozpoznanie schizofrenii oraz zaburzeń osobowości u tego samego pacjenta, budzi kontrowersje. Kryteria diagnostyczne schizofrenii oraz kryteria diagnostyczne zaburzeń osobowości dotyczą tych samych obszarów funkcjonowania psychicznego, za wyjątkiem obecności typowych objawów psychotycznych w schizofrenii (omamów, urojeń, zachowań katatonicznych). Natomiast kontrowersyjne wydaje się rozpoznanie jednocześnie schizofrenii i zaburzeń osobowości, bowiem obie te kategorie diagnostyczne dotyczą osobowości. Skoro schizofrenia to psychoza o przeważająco przewlekłym przebiegu, z zaostrzeniami i okresami o przebiegu stałym, to jednoczesne rozpoznanie u tego samego chorego zaburzeń osobowości które to zaburzenia też mają charakter „stały”, a których znaczna część dotyczy tych samych obszarów funkcjonowania psychicznego, jest co najmniej kontrowersyjne. Oddziaływanie terapeutyczne u chorych na schizofrenię opiera się głównie na farmakoterapii, ale oddziaływania psychoterapeutyczne i praca z rodziną chorego, mają również znaczenie. Farmakoterapia zaburzeń osobowości praktycznie nie jest efektywna, a głównym kierunkiem postępowania jest psychoterapia. Nie stanowi to jednak uzasadnienia dla stosowania tych rozpoznań jednoczasowo u tego samego chorego.
Biological factors and consequences of pregnancy-related anxiety – What do we know so far?
Authors: Mikolajkow Agata , Małyszczak Krzysztof
Published: January 2023

Tło: Zdrowie psychiczne pacjentek w ciąży stało się przedmiotem zainteresowania klinicystów, jednak zaburzenia lękowe w ciąży są nadal niedostrzegane i niedodiagnozowane, pomimo ich udowodnionego związku z niekorzystnymi wynikami porodowymi. Cel: Celem niniejszego badania przeglądowego jest podsumowanie aktualnej wiedzy na temat czynników biologicznych PrA (Pregnancy-Related Anxiety, Zaburzenia Lękowe Specyficzne dla Ciąży) i najczęstszych skutków, zarówno dla matki, jak i dziecka, a tym samym wskazanie najważniejszych problemów i zasugerowanie przebiegu dalszych badań w tej dziedzinie. Metody: Dokonaliśmy przeglądu literatury, korzystając z PubMed. Wyniki: Naukowcy wykazali istotny związek pomiędzy lękiem występującym w ciąży a zmianami poziomu hormonów. Te zmiany obejmują między innymi: regulację osi HPA, funkcje tarczycy, poziom oksytocyny, prolaktyny czy progesteronu. Dyskusja: Udowodniono, że PrA jest zaburzeniem wieloczynnikowym. Z jego występowaniem korelują liczne czynniki psychologiczne, jak np. niewystarczające wsparcie społeczne, nieplanowana ciąża, brak aktywności fizycznej czy wysoki poziom stresu. Pomimo iż ciąża jest znaczącą zmianą w życiu człowieka i może być bardzo stresującym wydarzeniem, założenie, że klinicznie istotny lęk prenatalny należy tłumaczyć tylko czynnikami psychologicznymi, wydaje się niewystarczające. Wnioski: Zaburzenia lękowe specyficzne dla ciąży (PrA) są powszechnym zaburzeniem zdrowia psychicznego w ciąży i potrzebne są dalsze badania, aby zminimalizować ryzyko jego poważnych konsekwencji.
The Application of Drone Technology for Sustainable Agriculture in India
Authors: Katekar Vishal , Cheruku Jeevan Kumar
Published: January 2023

Agriculture in India faces challenges from multiple fronts: decline in productivity, climate change and sustainability. Using drones in farming contributes to sustainable agriculture in terms of social, economic and environmental dimensions. This article discusses the advantages of adopting drone technology in India. The drones are useful in multiple ways, such as, soil analysis for field planning, plant establishment, precision application of agrochemicals, crop monitoring, irrigation management, crop health assessment, livestock monitoring, and disaster management, geo-fencing, crop biomass and damage estimation, locust control, and transporting goods in agriculture. The paper also describes the initiatives of Government of India towards promoting drone technology. Challenges in use of the drone technology have been discussed. The study found that the application of drone technology saves time, labour, water, and cuts spending on chemicals. It also reduces use of chemicals and eliminates the chemical exposure to human. The paper concludes that the government should effectively adopt and leverage the potential of drone technology for transforming the agriculture sector and life of millions of farmers in India.
Capitalismo em crise e projetos para um Brasil em turbulência
Authors: Behring Elaine Rossetti
Published: January 2023

O artigo analisa as tendências em curso no mundo do capital em crise e decadência, especialmente a partir de 2008, da inflexão da pandemia e seus desdobramentos recentes, e os impactos desses processos para pensar projetos para o Brasil, após os resultados das eleições de 2022.Palavras-Chave: crise do capitalismo; Brasil; fundo público; lutas sociais.
A novel, blocked algorithm for the reduction to Hessenberg-triangular form
Authors: Steel Thijs , Vandebril Raf
Published: January 2023

We present an alternative algorithm and implementation for theHessenberg-triangular reduction, an essential step in the QZalgorithm for solving generalized eigenvalue problems. Thereduction step has a cubic computational complexity, and hence,high-performance implementations are compulsory for keeping thecomputing time under control. Our algorithm is of simplemathematical nature and relies on the connection betweengeneralized and classical eigenvalue problems. Via system solving andthe classical reduction of a single matrix to Hessenberg form, we areable to get a theoretically equivalent reduction toHessenberg-triangular form. As a result, we can perform most of thecomputational work by relying on existing, highly efficient implementations,which make extensive use of blocking. The accompanying error analysisshows that preprocessing and iterative refinement can benecessary to achieve accurate results. Numerical results showcompetitiveness with existing implementations.
Birkhoff-James orthogonality in the trace norm, with applications to quantum resource theories
Authors: Johnston Nathaniel , Moein Shirin , Pereira Rajesh , Plosker Sarah
Published: January 2023

Numerous results are presented that characterize when a complex Hermitian matrix is Birkhoff-James orthogonal, in the trace norm, to a (Hermitian) positive semidefinite matrix or set of positive semidefinite matrices. For example, a simple-to-test criterion that determines which Hermitian matrices are Birkhoff-James orthogonal, in the trace norm, to the set of all positive semidefinite diagonal matrices is developed. Applications in the theory of quantum resources are explored. For example, the quantum states that have modified trace distance of coherence equal to $1$ (the maximal possible value) are characterized, and a connection between the modified trace distance of $2$-entanglement and the NPPT bound entanglement problem is established.
Extending CSR decomposition to tropical inhomogeneous matrix products
Authors: Kennedy-Cochran-Patrick Arthur , Sergeev Sergei
Published: January 2023

This article presents an attempt to extend the CSR decomposition, previously introduced for tropical matrix powers, to tropical inhomogeneous matrix products. The CSR terms for inhomogeneous matrix products are introduced, and then, a case is described where an inhomogeneous product admits such CSR decomposition after some length and a bound on this length is given. In the last part of the paper, a number of counterexamples are presented to show that inhomogeneous products do not admit CSR decomposition under more general conditions.
Mortality and clinical outcomes of Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fractures
Authors: Takami Hideomi , Takegami Yasuhiko , Tokutake Katsuhiro , Kurokawa Hiroshi , Iwata Manato , Terasawa Satoshi , Oguchi Takeshi , Imagama Shiro
Published: January 2023

Aims

The objectives of this study were to investigate the patient characteristics and mortality of Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) subgroups divided into two groups according to femoral component stability and to compare postoperative clinical outcomes according to treatment in Vancouver type B2 and B3 fractures.

Methods

A total of 126 Vancouver type B fractures were analyzed from 2010 to 2019 in 11 associated centres' database (named TRON). We divided the patients into two Vancouver type B subtypes according to implant stability. Patient demographics and functional scores were assessed in the Vancouver type B subtypes. We estimated the mortality according to various patient characteristics and clinical outcomes between the open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and revision arthroplasty (revision) groups in patients with unstable subtype.

Results

The one-year mortality rate of the stable and unstable subtype of Vancouver type B was 9.4% and 16.4%. Patient demographic factors, including residential status and pre-injury mobility were associated with mortality. There was no significant difference in mortality between patients treated with ORIF and Revision in either Vancouver B subtype. Patients treated with revision had significantly higher Parker Mobility Score (PMS) values (5.48 vs 3.43; p = 0.00461) and a significantly lower visual analogue scale (VAS) values (1.06 vs 1.94; p = 0.0399) for pain than ORIF in the unstable subtype.

Conclusion

Among patients with Vancouver type B fractures, frail patients, such as those with worse scores for residential status and pre-injury mobility, had a high mortality rate. There was no significant difference in mortality between patients treated with ORIF and those treated with revision. However, in the unstable subtype, the PMS and VAS values at the final follow-up examination were significantly better in patients who received revision. Based on postoperative activities of daily life, we therefore recommend evision in instances when either treatment option is feasible. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(1):38–46.
Examining policy feedback effects from COVID-19 on social welfare support: developing an outcome distance dimension
Authors: Crabtree David , Wehde Wesley
Published: January 2023

Can experience with one set of policies result in support for a set of different, but related, policies? To show how this is possible, we develop a new dimension of policy feedback effects missing from prior studies – outcome distance. We then examine what we call a middle-distance outcome and apply this concept to the case of welfare attitudes in the United States. A novel counterfactual survey design is used to estimate the within-subject effects of experience with pandemic-related relief efforts (that is, stimulus checks, unemployment assistance) on attitudes towards broader welfare programmes like TANF, SNAP, SSI and Medicaid. The evidence suggests that attitudes towards broader welfare initiatives may have become more supportive as a result of the pandemic and associated policies, implying that specific policies and events can have feedback effects on outcomes that are some medium-distance away, such as other policies of a similar type. Future research ought to further explore this proposed dimension of feedback effects.
Dynamic space–time dark level correction approach for lunar radiometric calibration of the Lunar Observation Imaging Spectrometer
Authors: An Lingping , Wang Yihao , Zhao Hang , Yu Can , Wang Yanheng , Wang Shuang , Liu Xuebin
Published: January 2023

Lunar radiometric calibration is used to solve the problem of
consistent radiometric calibration for multiple satellite platforms
and remote sensors. However, the dark level fluctuates when observing
the Moon with a short-wave infrared spectrometer, which seriously
affects the accuracy of lunar radiation data. In this work, we propose
a dynamic space–time dark level correction approach to address the
fluctuation of the dark level. This method employs cold space signals
in space and time dimensions to estimate the dark level for each frame
individually and to reduce errors due to environmental variations.
Experiments on lunar observations at multiple phase angles were
conducted, and the dark level correction results demonstrate that our
proposed method is effective even in the short-wave infrared, and is
also superior to currently existing techniques. For a single-band
(1700 nm) image of the full Moon, the mean background
proportion of the proposed method is 1.00%, which is better than that
of the static dark correction method (2.25%) and linear dark
correction method (5.93%).
Real-time ultrasensitive detection of ammonia gas using a compact CRDS spectrometer
Authors: Lee Jaebeom , Oh Myoung-Kyu
Published: January 2023

Trace-level ammonia gas in air was
analyzed using a fiber-based
compact cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS). For the compact
spectrometer, a 20 cm linear cavity with two high reflectivity (

>

99.999

%

) mirrors was employed. The laser
frequency was locked to the cavity resonance by using frequency
shifted (160 MHz) optical feedback. For

N
H

3

detection, a strong absorption band
at 1513.98 nm with an absorption cross section of

3

.

3
⋅
1

0

−
21

c
m

/

m
o
l
e
c
u
l
e

was used. As a result, a detection
sensitivity of

∼

0.1

p
p
b

(

3

-

σ

) was achieved for

N
H

3

within 10 s.
Transverse-pumping approach for a powerful single-mode Ti:sapphire laser for near infrared lidar applications: publisher’s note
Authors: Vogelmann Hannes , Speidel Johannes , Perfahl Matthias , Trickl Thomas
Published: January 2023

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Appl. Opt. 61, 8553 (2022)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.463257.
Demonstrating 24-hour continuous vertical monitoring of atmospheric optical turbulence
Authors: Griffiths Ryan , Osborn James , Farley Ollie , Butterley Tim , Townson Matthew J. , Wilson Richard
Published: January 2023

We report what is believed to be the first example of fully continuous, 24-hour vertical monitoring of atmospheric optical turbulence. This is achieved using a novel instrument, the 24-hour Shack-Hartmann Image Motion Monitor (24hSHIMM). Optical turbulence is a fundamental limitation for applications such as free-space optical communications, where it limits the achievable bandwidth, and ground-based optical astronomy, restricting the observational precision. Knowledge of the turbulence enables us to select the best sites, design optical instrumentation and optimise the operation of ground-based optical systems. The 24hSHIMM estimates the vertical optical turbulence coherence length, time, angle and Rytov variance from the measurement of a four-layer vertical turbulence profile and a wind speed profile retrieved from meteorological forecasts. To illustrate our advance we show the values of these parameters recorded during a 36-hour, continuous demonstration of the instrument. Due to its portability and ability to work in stronger turbulence, the 24hSHIMM can also operate in urban locations, providing the field with a truly continuous, versatile turbulence monitor for all but the most demanding of applications.
Opto-magnetic resonance single-beam magnetometer driven by vector polarized light
Authors: Ren Yixin , Wang Zhaoying
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we present an analysis of the amplitude variations of the opto-magnetic resonance absorption signals obtained in a single-beam magnetometer driven by radially or azimuthally polarized light (RPL/APL). It is shown that optically polarized atoms driven by cylindrical vector beams obtained only the alignment of atomic multipole moments but not the orientation, which is in good agreement with our simulation and experimental results. In comparison with the plane polarized pump light fields, cylindrical vector beams with much more complete electric vector polarization distribution in the transverse plane, make it unlikely to create the “emptying state “ (no-atom populated) among the ground-state Zeeman sublevels for any possible orientation of the applied static magnetic field. These characteristics of the RPL/APL lead to generally smaller atomic population difference and lower response intensity of the transmitted signal. The tensor decomposition of atomic polarized states and the evolution of atomic multipole moments with the sweeping radio frequency (RF) field offer the way to show the magnetic orientation sensitivity of the radially or azimuthally polarized probe light, which possess similar profiles as that of the linearly polarized light, only with a constant phase lag of about π/2 and obvious amplitude differences.
Collecting, transporting and sorting micro-particles via the optical slings generated by a liquid crystal q(φ)-plate
Authors: Wang Xiaoqian , Wu Mian , Ni Bo , Peng Zenghui , Shen Dong , Zheng Zhi-gang
Published: January 2023

We disclose a transporting/collecting optical sling generated by a liquid crystal geometric phase optical element with spatial variant topological charge, which shows the intriguing repelling/indrawing effect on the micro-particle along the spiral orbit. Two proof-of-concept prototypes, i.e., an optical conveyor and a particle collector, are demonstrated. Based on the distinct dynamic characteristics of the micro-particles in different sizes, we conceptually propose a design for particle sorting. Thus, our proposed method to generate a spiral optical sling with spatial variant orbital angular momentum for on-demand collecting, transporting and sorting micro-particles is substantiated, which can find extensive applications in bio-medicine, micro-biology, etc.
Unidirectional ring vortex laser using a wedge-plate shearing interferometer
Authors: Munj Abdul-Haseeb , Kerridge-Johns William R.
Published: January 2023

In response to growing demand from optical vortex (OV) beam applications, numerous generation techniques have been developed competing in power scalability, purity, and wavelength flexibility. Direct vortex emission from lasers typically grants access to efficient, high power, and pure mode generation. In this work we demonstrate a compact, unidirectional Nd:YVO4 ring laser with an intracavity wedge-plate shearing interferometer (WPSI) as an output coupler, which converted the internal Gaussian mode to LG01 (Laguerre-Gaussian OV) output. It directly generated a watt-level LG01 OV with high mode purity (98%) in a single longitudinal mode. The monolithic WPSI has advantages in stability and simplicity compared to other designs. The system is compact and cheap, using off-the-shelf components, and can be readily adapted to any gain media, widening the scope for OV generation at wavelengths currently unobtainable using competing methods.
Three-dimensional mode multiplexer based on adiabatic-tapered waveguides forming vertical directional couplers over C + L band and beyond
Authors: Huang Quandong , Zhang Jiali , Zhong Lixi , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Li Jianping , Xu Ou
Published: January 2023

We present a mode multiplexer based on vertical directional couplers that are formed by adiabatic-tapered waveguides. We design and fabricate the device via the micro-fabrication processing to (de)multiplex the E11, E21, and E12 modes from the few-mode bus waveguide. Our experimental device shows a coupling ratio higher than 98.6% and 97.0% for the E21 and E12 modes, respectively, over the C + L band and beyond. The modal cross talk of this device can be lower than –17.1 dB, –18.4 dB, and –15.1 dB caused by the unintended E11, E21, and E12 modes, respectively. This mode multiplexer can work over a broader wavelength range with weak polarization sensitivity, which could be used in the mode-division-multiplexing systems where mode (de)multiplexing is required in the expanded communication wavelength window other than the C-band.
Laser frequency stabilization in the 10 −14 range via optimized modulation transfer spectroscopy on the 87Rb D2 line
Authors: Lee Sanglok , Moon Geol , Park Sang Eon , Hong Hyun-Gue , Lee Jae Hoon , Seo Sangwon , Kwon Taeg Yong , Lee Sang-Bum
Published: January 2023

We present a high-performance laser frequency stabilization method using modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) on the rubidium 87D2 transition line. A substantial improvement of the laser frequency stability was achieved by searching for the optimal diameter and intensity settings of the probe and pump beam. The frequency instability measured from the beat frequency of two locked external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) reached a short-term stability of

4.5
×

10

−
14

/

τ

and did not exceed 2 × 10−12 until 105 s, which is the best performance reported thus far with a D2 transition. The long-term stability is limited by the offset fluctuations of the baseline induced by the residual amplitude modulation (RAM), which can be further improved by reducing the current temperature variation of about 0.2 K by means of temperature stabilization or through a further reduction of the RAM.
Suppression of patterning effect using IQ modulator for high-speed quantum key distribution systems
Authors: Gao Yuanfei , Yuan Zhiliang
Published: January 2023

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an attractive technology for distributing secret encryption keys between distant users. The decoy-state technique has drastically improved its practicality and performance, and has been widely adopted in commercial systems. However, conventional intensity modulators can introduce security side channels in high speed QKD systems because of their non-stationary working points for decoy-state generation. Here, we analyze the transfer function of an in-phase/quadrature (IQ) modulator and reveal its superiority for stable decoy-state generation, followed by an experimental demonstration. Thanks to their convenient two-level modulation and inherent high speed, IQ modulators are ideal for use in high-speed decoy-state QKD systems.
Loss–gain compensated anti-Hermitian magnetodielectric medium to realize Tellegen nihility effects
Authors: Mirmoosa Mohammad Sajjad , Wang Xuchen , Freter Lukas , Sihvola Ari , Tretyakov Sergei
Published: January 2023

Generalized duality transformations significantly modify the constitutive relations of electromagnetic media, preserving principal electromagnetic properties. Here, we contemplate transformation of Tellegen nihility as a specific type of extreme-property nonreciprocal bi-isotropic media and show that some intriguing electromagnetic properties of that medium can be realized in a particular class of isotropic magnetodielectric media without magnetoelectric coupling. We show that the permittivity and permeability of the corresponding transformed medium have equal absolute values and opposite signs. Depending on the value of the Tellegen parameter of the original medium, the transformed magnetodielectric medium can be Hermitian, non-Hermitian, or anti-Hermitian, which simultaneously exhibits loss and gain. Focusing on the latter class of anti-Hermitian media, we theoretically and numerically demonstrate that this extraordinary medium allows propagation of electromagnetic plane waves having zero time-averaged Poynting vector, similarly to the original Tellegen nihility media. Hopefully, this work can open novel opportunities for manipulating electromagnetic fields.
Nonlinear optical limiting effect and charge transfer dynamics in a Fe-porphyrin metal-organic framework
Authors: Zhang Yueli , Yan Lihe , Li Yuren , Si Jinhai , Tan Wenjiang , Hou Xun
Published: January 2023

The nonlinear absorption effect in a Fe-porphyrin metal-organic framework (Co-TCPP(Fe) MOF) was studied using the nanosecond Z-scan technique, which showed an enhanced reverse saturation absorption (RSA) compared with TCPP(Fe) ligand. By femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) measurements, the charge transfer dynamics of MOF are unveiled. Compared with TCPP(Fe) ligand, the ultrafast formation of charge separation states (CSSs) with extra-long lifetime (> 3.5 ns) detracts the recombination of electron-hole pairs, resulting in an enhanced excited state absorption (ESA). Based on the strong ESA caused by CSSs absorption, the MOF nanosheets showed an excellent optical limiting (OL) effect with the OL threshold of 0.89 J/cm2.
Better than a lens? Increasing the signal-to-noise ratio through pupil splitting
Authors: Becker Jan , Deguchi Takahiro , Jügler Alexander , Förster Ronny , Hübner Uwe , Ries Jonas , Heintzmann Rainer
Published: January 2023

Incoherent imaging via an unmodified full pupil seemingly yields the maximum achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with respect to a fixed photon budget. Such photon-limited SNR is critical in many imaging scenarios, for example, in the case of fluorescence microscopy. In this work, we propose a general method that achieves a better SNR for transmitting high spatial frequency information through an optical imaging system, without the need to capture more photons. This is achieved by splitting the pupil of an incoherent imaging system such that two sub-images are simultaneously acquired and computationally recombined. We compared the theoretical performance of split pupil imaging to the non-split scenario and implement the splitting using a tilted elliptical mirror covering ≈50% of the pupil, placed at the back-focal-plane (BFP) of a fluorescence widefield microscope. Additionally, the proposed system exhibits an extended-depth-of-field (EDoF), utilized further to assign some of the measured (in-focus) signal to different axial planes of the reconstructed sample, through thick slice deconvolution. Our proposed method can be modified to tailor SNR enhancements to specific metrology tasks or to exploit other properties (e.g., spectral or polarization information) for SNR enhancement with impact on future imaging schemes.
Open hardware: From DIY trend to global transformation in access to laboratory equipment
Authors: Wenzel Tobias
Published: January 2023

Open hardware solutions are increasingly being chosen by researchers as a strategy to improve access to technology for cutting-edge biology research. The use of DIY technology is already widespread, particularly in countries with limited access to science funding, and is catalyzing the development of open-source technologies. Beyond financial accessibility, open hardware can be transformational for the access of laboratories to equipment by reducing dependence on import logistics and enabling direct knowledge transfer. Central drivers to the adoption of appropriate open-source technologies in biology laboratories around the world are open sharing, digital fabrication, local production, the use of standard parts, and detailed documentation. This Essay examines the global spread of open hardware and discusses which kinds of open-source technologies are the most beneficial in scientific environments with economic and infrastructural constraints.
Nutritional status, symptom burden, and predictive validity of the Pt-Global web tool/PG-SGA in CKD patients: A hospital based cross sectional study
Authors: Rashid Ishfaq , Tiwari Pramil , D’Cruz Sanjay , Jaswal Shivani
Published: January 2023

Background

Despite not being frequently recognized, malnutrition, a consequence of chronic kidney disease, negatively affects morbidity, mortality, functional activity, and patient’s quality of life. Management of this condition is made more difficult by the dearth of knowledge regarding the symptom burden brought on by inadequate nutritional status. Additionally, there are multiple tools to evaluate nutritional status in CKD; but, Pt-Global web tool/PG-SGA used in oncology, has not been investigated in chronic kidney disease patients. This study aimed to explore the nutritional status, symptom burden and also investigate the predictive validity of Pt-Global web tool/PG-SGA among pre-dialysis diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients.

Methodology

This cross-sectional study was carried out at a renal clinic of a tertiary care public teaching hospital. Nutritional status and symptom burden was evaluated by employing a ‘Pt-Global web tool/PG-SGA’ which is considered as a preeminent interdisciplinary tool in oncology and other chronic catabolic conditions. The predictive validity of the Pt-Global web tool/PG-SGA, referred as overall score for malnutrition was ascertained using Receiver Operating Curves (ROC). The conclusions were drawn using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis.

Results

In a sample of 450 pre-dialysis CKD patients, the malnutrition was present in 292(64.9%) patients. Diabetic CKD patients exhibit higher proportion of malnutrition 159(35.3%). The prevalence of malnutrition was exacerbated by eGFR reduction. The overall Pt-Global web tool/PGA-SGA score was significantly influenced by the symptoms of fatigue (81.5%), appetite loss (54.8%), physical pain (45.3%), constipation (31.78%), dry mouth (26.2%), and feeling full quickly (25.8%). The ROC analysis showed that the AUC for the total PG-SGA score was 0.988 (95% CI: 0.976–1.000), indicating that it is a reliable indicator of malnutrition. The sensitivity (84.2%) for identifying malnutrition was low when using the conventional tool cut off score of ≥9. Instead, it was discovered that a score of ≥3 had a greater sensitivity (99.3%) and specificity (44.3%) and was therefore recommended.

Conclusions

This study not only presents empirical evidence of poor nutritional status in CKD patients but also reveals that it is worse in patients with diabetes, hypoalbuminemia, and poorer kidney function (well recognized risk factors for cardiovascular disease). Early diagnosis and management of symptoms contributing malnutrition will reduce mortality and CKD progression. The Pt-Global web tool/PG-SGA total score of 3 or more appears to be the ideal cut off score for identifying malnutrition, which can be utilized by dietician for improving malnutrition.