bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Discounts in Ticket Prices Induce Sustainable Profit to Performing Arts Suppliers?
Authors: Jin Hyun Joung , You Eun Young
Published: July 2019

This study investigates the effect of price promotions for musicals on consumer perception of fairness toward other similar musicals and the role of consumer involvement in performing arts as a moderating variable. A threshold regression estimation which was performed using data from a survey on South Korean consumers showed a decrease in consumers’ fairness perception once they became aware of discounts on similar performing arts and, consequently, a decrease in their intent to purchase tickets at regular prices. The results also showed that the samples can be split into low- and high-involvement groups, with the effect of fairness perception on purchase intention statistically significant for both groups, however, larger for the high-involvement group; the high-involvement group is expected to consume more performing arts products than the low-involvement group. These results imply that consumer perception of unfairness regarding ticket price discounts may negatively affect the long-term profits of performing arts suppliers.
Strategic Human Resource Management in the Afghanistan Ministry of Mines and Petroleum: A Network Perspective
Authors: Latifi Khwaja Abdul Naim , Lim Seunghoo
Published: July 2019

The focus of this paper is to examine the strategic role of human resource (HR) management in organizational level goal-setting and decision-making processes and to determine how the Human Resources department collaborates with other departments or outside organizations to execute its practices both within and outside the Afghanistan Ministry of Mines and Petroleum (MoMP). In this study, social network analysis (SNA) is utilized to analyse the formation of networks for each practice of human resources management (HRM) in the Ministry of Mines and Petroleum. This research has found that although public organizations in Afghanistan lack a modern administrative system due to the unsuccessful implementation of administrative reform, some features of strategic HRM are apparent in the current HRM within public organizations in Afghanistan, particularly in the MoMP. This finding provides insight into the strategic HRM concept, which can contribute more than traditional HRM to improving the sustainability of the MoMP.
Sustainable Development and Higher Education: Acting with a Purpose
Authors: Finnveden Göran , Newman Julie , Verhoef Leendert A.
Published: July 2019

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have a unique role and responsibility for the future and for driving the development of a sustainable society [...]
On Eccentric Topological Indices Based on Edges of Zero Divisor Graphs
Authors: Koam Ali N. A. , Ahmad Ali , Haider Azeem
Published: July 2019

This article is devoted to the determination of edge-based eccentric topological indices of a zero divisor graph of some algebraic structures. In particular, we computed the first Zagreb eccentricity index, third Zagreb eccentricity index, geometric-arithmetic eccentricity index, atom-bond connectivity eccentricity index and a fourth type of eccentric harmonic index for zero divisor graphs associated with a class of finite commutative rings.
SIAT: A Distributed Video Analytics Framework for Intelligent Video Surveillance
Authors: Uddin Md Azher , Alam Aftab , Tu Nguyen Anh , Islam Md Siyamul , Lee Young-Koo
Published: July 2019

In recent years, the amount of intelligent CCTV cameras installed in public places for surveillance has increased enormously and as a result, a large amount of video data is produced every moment. Due to this situation, there is an increasing request for the distributed processing of large-scale video data. In an intelligent video analytics platform, a submitted unstructured video undergoes through several multidisciplinary algorithms with the aim of extracting insights and making them searchable and understandable for both human and machine. Video analytics have applications ranging from surveillance to video content management. In this context, various industrial and scholarly solutions exist. However, most of the existing solutions rely on a traditional client/server framework to perform face and object recognition while lacking the support for more complex application scenarios. Furthermore, these frameworks are rarely handled in a scalable manner using distributed computing. Besides, existing works do not provide any support for low-level distributed video processing APIs (Application Programming Interfaces). They also failed to address a complete service-oriented ecosystem to meet the growing demands of consumers, researchers and developers. In order to overcome these issues, in this paper, we propose a distributed video analytics framework for intelligent video surveillance known as SIAT. The proposed framework is able to process both the real-time video streams and batch video analytics. Each real-time stream also corresponds to batch processing data. Hence, this work correlates with the symmetry concept. Furthermore, we introduce a distributed video processing library on top of Spark. SIAT exploits state-of-the-art distributed computing technologies with the aim to ensure scalability, effectiveness and fault-tolerance. Lastly, we implant and evaluate our proposed framework with the goal to authenticate our claims.
Prodigiosin Promotes Nrf2 Activation to Inhibit Oxidative Stress Induced by Microcystin-LR in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Chen Jihua , Li Yuji , Liu Fuqiang , Hou De-Xing , Xu Jingjing , Zhao Xinying , Yang Fei , Feng Xiangling
Published: July 2019

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a cyanotoxin produced by cyanobacteria, induces oxidative stress in various types of cells. Prodigiosin, a red linear tripyrrole pigment, has been recently reported to have antimicrobial, antioxidative, and anticancer properties. How prodigiosin reacts to reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by MC-LR is still undetermined. This study aimed to examine the effect of prodigiosin against oxidative stress induced by MC-LR in HepG2 cells. Ros was generated after cells were treated with MC-LR and was significantly inhibited with treatment of prodigiosin. In prodigiosin-treated cells, the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2-related phase II enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were increased. Besides, prodigiosin contributed to enhance nuclear Nrf2 level and repressed ubiquitination. Furthermore, prodigiosin promoted Nrf2 protein level and inhibited ROS in Nrf2 knocked down HepG2 cells. Results indicated that prodigiosin reduced ROS induced by MC-LR by enhancing Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus in HepG2 cells. The finding presents new clues for the potential clinical applications of prodigiosin for inhibiting MC-LR-induced oxidative injury in the future.
Usutu Virus: An Arbovirus on the Rise
Authors: Roesch Ferdinand , Fajardo Alvaro , Moratorio Gonzalo , Vignuzzi Marco
Published: July 2019

The Usutu virus (USUV) is a flavivirus that is drawing increasing attention because of its potential for emergence. First isolated in Africa, it was introduced into Europe where it caused significant outbreaks in birds, such as in Austria in 2001. Since then, its geographical distribution has rapidly expanded, with increased circulation, especially in the last few years. Similar to West Nile virus (WNV), the USUV enzootic transmission cycle involves Culex mosquitoes as vectors, and birds as amplifying reservoir hosts, with humans and other mammals likely being dead-end hosts. A similarity in the ecology of these two viruses, which co-circulate in several European countries, highlights USUV’s potential to become an important human pathogen. While USUV has had a severe impact on the blackbird population, the number of human cases remains low, with most infections being asymptomatic. However, some rare cases of neurological disease have been described, both in healthy and immuno-compromised patients. Here, we will discuss the transmission dynamics and the current state of USUV circulation in Europe.
Effects of Arbovirus Multi-Host Life Cycles on Dinucleotide and Codon Usage Patterns
Authors: Sexton Nicole R. , Ebel Gregory D.
Published: July 2019

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of vertebrates including dengue, zika, chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, and blue tongue viruses cause extensive morbidity and mortality in humans, agricultural animals, and wildlife across the globe. As obligate intercellular pathogens, arboviruses must be well adapted to the cellular and molecular environment of both their arthropod (invertebrate) and vertebrate hosts, which are vastly different due to hundreds of millions of years of separate evolution. Here we discuss the comparative pressures on arbovirus RNA genomes as a result of a dual host life cycle, focusing on pressures that do not alter amino acids. We summarize what is currently known about arboviral genetic composition, such as dinucleotide and codon usage, and how cyclical infection of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts results in different genetic profiles compared with single-host viruses. To serve as a comparison, we compile what is known about arthropod tRNA, dinucleotide, and codon usages and compare this with vertebrates. Additionally, we discuss the potential roles of genetic robustness in arboviral evolution and how it may vary from other viruses. Overall, both arthropod and vertebrate hosts influence the resulting genetic composition of arboviruses, but a great deal remains to be investigated.
Distinguishing the Relative Contribution of Environmental Factors to Runoff Change in the Headwaters of the Yangtze River
Authors: Guo Mengjing , Li Jing , Wang Yongsheng , Bai Peng , Wang Jiawei
Published: July 2019

The change in river flows at the basin scale reflects the combined influences of changes in various environmental factors associated with climatic and underlying surface properties. Distinguishing the relative contribution of each of these factors to runoff change is critical for sustainable water resource management, but it is also challenging. The headstream region of the Yangtze River, known as “China’s Water Tower”, has undergone a significant runoff change over the past decades. However, the relative contribution of environmental factors to runoff change is still unclear. Here, we designed a series of detrending experiments based on a grid-based hydrological model to quantify the combined influences of multiple environmental factors on runoff change and the relative contribution of an individual factor to runoff change. The results indicate that changes in climate and vegetation significantly increased water yield in the study basin over the past three decades, and the increase in water yield primarily came from the contribution from the upstream of the basin. On the basin scale, the change in precipitation dominated the runoff change that contributed up to 113.2% of the runoff change, followed by the wind speed change with a contribution rate of −15.1%. Other factors, including changes in temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration (as a surrogate for net radiation), and albedo (as a surrogate for vegetation) had limited effects on runoff change, and the contribution rate of these factors to runoff change ranged from −5% to 5%. On spatial patterns, the influences of changes in some environmental factors on runoff changes were affected by elevation, particularly for temperature. The rising temperature had mixed effects on runoff change, which generally increased water yield at high altitudes of the basin but decreased water yield at low altitudes of the basin.
Identifying Climate and Human Impact Trends in Streamflow: A Case Study in Uruguay
Authors: Navas Rafael , Alonso Jimena , Gorgoglione Angela , Vervoort R. Willem
Published: July 2019

Land use change is an important driver of trends in streamflow. However, the effects are often difficult to disentangle from climate effects. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that trends in streamflow can be identified by analysing residuals of rainfall-runoff simulations using a Generalized Additive Mixed Model. This assumes that the rainfall-runoff model removes the average climate forcing from streamflow. The case study involves the Santa Lucía river (Uruguay), the GR4J rainfall-runoff model, three nested catchments ranging from 690 to 4900 km 2 and 35 years of observations (1981–2016). Two exogenous variables were considered to influence the streamflow. Using satellite data, growth in forest cover was identified, while the growth in water licenses was obtained from the water authority. Depending on the catchment, effects of land use change differ, with the largest catchment most impacted by afforestation, while the middle size catchment was more influenced by the growth in water licenses.
Spatial Variability of Soil Physical and Hydraulic Properties in a Durum Wheat Field: An Assessment by the BEST-Procedure
Authors: Castellini Mirko , Stellacci Anna Maria , Tomaiuolo Matteo , Barca Emanuele
Published: July 2019

Spatial variability of soil properties at the field scale can determine the extent of agricultural yields and specific research in this area is needed. The general objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between soil physical and hydraulic properties and wheat yield at the field scale and test the BEST-procedure for the spatialization of soil hydraulic properties. A simplified version of the BEST-procedure, to estimate some capacitive indicators from the soil water retention curve (air capacity, ACe, relative field capacity, RFCe, plant available water capacity, PAWCe), was applied and coupled to estimates of structure stability index (SSI), determinations of soil texture and measurements of bulk density (BD), soil organic carbon (TOC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). Variables under study were spatialized to investigate correlations with observed medium-high levels of wheat yields. Soil physical quality assessment and correlations analysis highlighted some inconsistencies (i.e., a negative correlation between PAWCe and crop yield), and only five variables (i.e., clay + silt fraction, BD, TOC, SSI and PAWCe) were spatially structured. Therefore, for the soil–crop system studied, application of the simplified BEST-procedure did not return completely reliable results. Results highlighted that (i) BD was the only variable selected by stepwise analysis as a function of crop yield, (ii) BD showed a spatial distribution in agreement with that detected for crop yield, and (iii) the cross-correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between BD and wheat yield up to a distance of approximately 25 m. Such results have implications for Mediterranean agro-environments management. In any case, the reliability of simplified measurement methods for estimating soil hydraulic properties needs to be further verified by adopting denser measurements grids in order to better capture the soil spatial variability. In addition, the temporal stability of observed spatial relationships, i.e., between BD or soil texture and crop yields, needs to be investigated along a larger time interval in order to properly use this information for improving agronomic management.
Internal Stability Evaluation of Soils
Authors: Feng Qingfeng , Ho Hao-Che , Man Teng , Wen Jiaming , Jie Yuxin , Fu Xudong
Published: July 2019

Suffusion constitutes a major threat to the foundation of a dam, and the likelihood of suffusion is always determined by the internal stability of soils. It has been verified that internal stability is closely related to the grain size distribution (GSD) of soils. In this study, a numerical model is developed to simulate the suffusion process. The model takes the combined effects of GSD and porosity (n) into account, as well as Wilcock and Crowe’s theory, which is also adopted to quantify the inception and transport of soils. This proposed model is validated with the experimental data and shows satisfactory performance in simulating the process of suffusion. By analyzing the simulation results of the model, the mechanism is disclosed on how soils with specific GSD behaving internally unstable. Moreover, the internal stability of soils can be evaluated through the model. Results show that it is able to distinguish the internal stability of 30 runs out of 36, indicating a 83.33% of accuracy, which is higher than the traditional GSD-based approaches.
Analysis of the Slope Response to an Increase in Pore Water Pressure Using the Material Point Method
Authors: Troncone Antonello , Conte Enrico , Pugliese Luigi
Published: July 2019

Traditional numerical methods, such as the finite element method or the finite difference method, are generally used to analyze the slope response in the pre-failure and failure stages. The post-failure phase is often ignored due to the unsuitability of these methods for dealing with problems involving large deformations. However, an adequate analysis of this latter stage and a reliable prediction of the landslide kinematics after failure are very useful for minimizing the risk of catastrophic damage. This is generally the case of the landslides triggered by an excess in pore water pressure, which are often characterized by high velocity and long run-out distance. In the present paper, the deformation processes occurring in an ideal slope owing to an increase in pore water pressure are analyzed using the material point method (MPM) that is a numerical technique capable of overcoming the limitations of the above-mentioned traditional methods. In particular, this study is aimed to investigate the influence of the main involved parameters on the development of a slip surface within the slope, and on the kinematics of the consequent landslide. The obtained results show that, among these parameters, the excess water pressure exerts the major influence on the slope response. A simple equation is also proposed for a preliminary evaluation of the run-out distance of the displaced soil mass.
Zonation métasomatique autour des albitites de la région de Saint-Chély d'Apcher (Lozère)
Authors: Demange Michel
Published: July 2019

Les gisements de feldspath sodique de la région de Saint-Chély d'Apcher (Lozère) sont des filons d'albitite développés aussi bien dans le granite porphyrique à biotite de la Margeride que dans les granites à deux micas. Ces gisements s'organisent en zones emboîtées à limites nettes. Les zones présentent la séquence minéralogique suivante : albitite au centre, « pseudosyénite » et granites plus ou moins modifiés à la périphérie. Les textures granitiques sont préservées dans chaque zone. Le chimisme de ces roches traduit ces modifications minéralogiques. Ces observations supportent l'hypothèse d'une origine métasomatique de ces albitites.
Fluctuations des glaciers des Alpes occidentales depuis 5000 ans : un état des connaissances.
Authors: Deline Philip , Le Roy Melaine
Published: July 2019

Les fluctuations des glaciers dans les Alpes occidentales pendant le Néoglaciaire (en première approximation : la seconde moitié de l ' Holocène ) sont mal connues relativement au reste des Alpes. Elles sont pourtant un indicateur précieux sur les paléoenvironnements d 'altitude, pour une période où l 'occupation humaine se développe et qui est caractérisée par une succession de transitions stade / interstade du type Petit Age Glaciaire/Actuel dont la connaissance est requise pour mieux comprendre le changement climatique actuel et ses effets. Si l 'on ne dispose pas d 'un inventaire récent des glaciers actuels des Alpes occidentales (superficie englacée en 1970 : 567 km2), leur fréquentation touristique précoce a permis en revanche que leurs fluctuations soient bien documentées à partir de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, tandis que les recherches glaciologiques y ont été actives à partir de la moitié du XIXe siècle. Si le PAG paroxysmal (AD 1500-1850) bénéficie d'une courbe précise pour la Mer de Glace, les données sont très dispersées pour les autres glaciers. La connaissance des fluctuations de la première partie du PAG s 'avère elle mal contrainte en dépit de quelques études lichénométriques. Le reste du Néoglaciaire n 'est approché que pour quelques glaciers (Miage, Argentière). Le retrait accéléré actuel des glaciers devrait permettre, par une analyse géomorphologique renouvelée des marges déglacées, de compléter considérablement des connaissances aujourd 'hui très parcellaires.
Signaux terrigènes dans les grands lacs subalpins : un marqueur régional à haute résolution des conditions paléo-hydrologiques ?
Authors: Arnaud Fabien , Wessels Martin , Chapron Emmanuel , Revel-Rolland Marie , Desmet Marc
Published: July 2019

Les fluctuations holocènes de la décharge détritique du Rhin et du Rhône ont été enregistrées dans les sédiments des lacs de Constance et du Bourget, situés aux débouchés de leurs cours alpins. Dans ces deux lacs, le sédiment est constitué d 'un mélange de carbonate authigène et d'une fraction allochtone plus moins ou moins silicatée, en fonction de la nature du bassin versant. Dans ces conditions, la concentration en calcium ([Ca]) du sédiment peut être considérée comme inversement proportionnelle à la décharge détritique. Huit phases d'augmentation de la décharge détritique (baisse de [Ca]) ont ainsi été identifiées dans les sédiments du lac du Bourget. Dans ceux du Lac de Constance, cinq phases synchrones de celles du Bourget ont été documentées sur les derniers 5 000 ans. A l'échelle régionale, ces périodes de fort détritisme correspondent à des phases de haut niveau lacustre dans le Jura et les Préalpes françaises et d'avancées des glaciers dans les Alpes nord-occidentales. Les signaux sédimentaires détritiques des lacs subalpins contiennent très probablement une part difficilement quantifiable due aux activités humaines dans les bassins versants. Séparer les parts respectives des forçages climatique et anthropique dans ce type de signaux demeure un challenge pour mieux cerner à la fois l 'évolution des conditions hydrologiques holocènes et celle des modes d'occupation des sols depuis le Néolithique.
Un atlas du paléo-environnement de la plaine alluviale du Rhône, de la frontière suisse à la mer
Authors: Bravard Jean-Paul , Lippmann-Provansal Mireille , Arnaud-Fassetta Gilles , Chabbert Simon , Gaydou Pauline , Dufour Simon , Richard France , Valleteau Sophie , Melun Gabriel , Passy Paul
Published: July 2019

This paper presents the atlas of palaeo-environment recently established for the alluvial plain of the Rhone River from the Swiss border to the Mediterranean Sea, under the leadership of the French DIREN -Rhône-Alpes and the assistance of the French CETE-Méditerranée. This atlas takes into account the Holocene fluvial dynamics and mainly aims at contributing to a better knowledge of Rhône River floods. As examples, two areas (upstream and downstream) are presented.
Cernes d'arbres et chronologies holocènes dans les Alpes françaises
Authors: Edouard Jean-Louis , Thomas André
Published: July 2019

De longues chronologies ont été développées dans les Alpes françaises du Sud à partir des bois subfossiles, des bois de construction, et des arbres vivants sur les espèces subalpines principalement Pinus cembra et Larix decidua, sous forme de chronologies encore flottantes pour la période holocène jusqu 'au premier millénaire de notre ère et d 'une nouvelle chronologie couvrant la période 750 AD à aujourd'hui dans le Briançonnais. L'analyse des bois et des séries de cernes suggère des forêts d'altitude pérennes à structures d'âge variés, comportant de très vieux arbres au cours des millénaires, et pendant le dernier millénaire fortement perturbées par l 'impact de l 'homme comme le mettent en évidence les abattages d 'arbres utilisés dans les constructions traditionnelles.
Désenglacement du haut bassin versant du Vorz Massif de Belledonne, Isère, au Tardiglaciaire et à l'Holocène
Authors: Ravanel Ludovic , Allignol Françoise , Deline Philip
Published: July 2019

Identification and mapping of glacial heritages in the upper Vorz watershed (Belledonne massif, Western French Alps) have provided a chronology of the glacier retreat during the Lateglacial and the Holocene. The glacier retreat in this area is now largely achieved : it just remains the Freydane glacier, the largest in the massif (0.3 km2), and the tiny relict glacier of Roche Noire. Downstream the present fronts of these two glaciers, thirteen positions were recognized. The last four among the five Holocene positions correspond probably to the end of the Little Ice Age (c.1850), 1890, late 1920s and early 1980s. Beyond the morainic complex of the Holocene-LIA, the mapping of moraines suggests eight Lateglacial positions. Among the periglacial and gravitative forms and formations which cover more or less the moraines, there are four very different rockfalls or rock avalanches, of which the largest (at least several millions m3) could have occurred at the end of the Lateglacial or at the beginning of the Holocene, and probably corresponds to the collapse of a palaeo-summit from the crest line between Roche Rousse and Roche Noire.
L'exploration du cryokarst glaciaire et son intérêt scientifique pour l'étude du drainage des eaux de fonte : porches, cavités, crevasses, bédières et moulins
Authors: Moreau Luc
Published: July 2019

Drainage conditions of the water in the different levels of the glaciers are important, because of its control on ice flow subglacial erosion of grooves or valleys, subglacial till deformation, and formation of water pockets or lakes. But intra-and subglacial levels are still poorly known, because the access is difficult and very local.

We present the different natural access to enter the glaciers. Moulins are probably the most suitable to document drainage conditions that control the sliding of glaciers and its acceleration observed in summer in the Alps, and in Greenland since a few years. The role in terms of erosion of marginal crevasses that drain water towards the margins of the glacier, and its contribution to the trough erosion, are emphasized here.
Réchauffement climatique et ressource neige en domaines skiables
Authors: Paccard Pierre
Published: July 2019

Si la variabilité interannuelle des précipitations neigeuses est une réalité, la tendance à la diminution des quantités de neige en montagne est aujourd 'hui un fait constaté et modélisé dans le cadre des perspectives du réchauffement climatique. La neige restant la principale ressource de l 'activité des stations de sports d 'hiver, les conséquences d 'une diminution des quantités disponibles sur les domaines skiables ont d 'ores et déjà été envisagées dans de nombreuses études. Reprenant et complétant une méthodologie exis¬ tante, nous proposons ici une réflexion pour une évaluation de la fiabilité de l 'enneigement naturel des stations de sports d'hiver à différents horizons temporels. Nous nous appuierons à la fois sur des données météorologiques et des informations relatives aux remontées mécaniques des stations étudiées. La méthodologie proposée est ici appliquée aux départements de Savoie et de Haute-Savoie des Alpes françaises, départements comptant de nombreuses stations de sports d'hiver (ce travail s 'inscrit dans le cadre d'un monitor at en entreprise réalisé au sein de la Direction Départementale de l 'Equipement et de l 'Agriculture de la Savoie). Au terme de cet exercice, l 'analyse critique des résultats présentés permettra de relativiser ces derniers, au regard notamment de leur part d 'incertitude. Notre propos restant centré sur une analyse du risque par l 'aléa, il est enfin envisagé de compléter celui-ci par des recherches sur la prise en compte de ce risque par les stations de sports d'hiver et, en ce sens, sur leur capacité d 'adaptation.
Les hivers sans neige et l'économie des sports d'hiver : un phénomène récurrent, une problématique toujours renouvelée
Authors: Gauchon Christophe
Published: July 2019

Du point de vue de la géographie du tourisme, la neige s 'est affirmée, tout au long du XXe siècle, comme la ressource centrale autour de laquelle s 'organise l 'économie des sports d'hiver. Dès lors, le manque de neige peut devenir un problème pour les stations qui ont misé sur le développement de ces activités. Quatre hivers sans neige font ici l 'objet d'une analyse (1931-32, 1963-64, 1988-89 et 2006-07), fondée essentiellement sur une revue de presse, de manière à restituer la façon dont ont été perçues à leur époque ces saisons atypiques.

L 'étude ne se place pas sur le plan météorologique ni climatique, mais essaie de saisir le niveau de vulnérabilité du tourisme hivernal dans les Alpes françaises lorsqu 'il est confronté à ce type de dysfonctionnement. On peut penser que plus l 'activité est spécialisée, plus la vulnérabilité est grande. A des stades de structuration encore peu affirmés, l 'activité fait encore preuve d 'une certaine souplesse et peut s 'adapter, ce qui est encore vrai en 1963-64. En revanche, lorsque la spécialisation est très poussée, la fragilité du système risque d'apparaître beaucoup plus grande et de mettre à mal l'ensemble du système (1988-89), à moins que l 'on se soit préparé en vue de tels épisodes par le recours massif à la neige de culture (2006-07).

A travers ces quatre hivers sans neige, la géographie des sports d'hiver se précise peu à peu, les localisations évoluent de façon à éviter les écueils observés, les réputations de «bon enneigement » se font et se défont. Ainsi, la construction des stations d 'altitude doit-elle beaucoup aux hivers peu neigeux du début des années 1930 et aux enseignements qui en furent tirés. Et le déséquipement actuel de nombreuses petites stations peut aussi être mis en relation avec l 'occurrence de ces «mauvaises » saisons.
Les sentiers d'interprétation glaciaire : des outils de valorisation différenciée des glaciers et de leur territoire
Authors: Cayla Nathalie
Published: July 2019

Les glaciers peuvent se révéler de remarquables géosites, dont l'importance sociétale se renforce avec le réchauffement global qui menace leur existence dans les Alpes. Parmi l'ensemble de l 'offre en matière de sentier d 'interprétation au cœur du massif alpin, 30 réalisations permettent de découvrir autant de vallées glaciaires, abritant toujours un glacier. L 'analyse de la répartition spatiale de ces sentiers montre que des pays comme l 'Autriche et l 'Italie sont particulièrement actifs dans la création de ce type d 'offre éco-touristique qui allie des pratiques sportives de pleine nature respectueuses de l 'environnement à la découverte de celui-ci. Les jeux d'acteurs à l'origine de ces créations permettent d'établir une typologie expliquant en partie la répartition observée. L'analyse qualitative des sentiers eux-mêmes ainsi que des outils de médiation produits afin de guider le randonneur nous permettra de mieux cerner les objectifs poursuivis par les concepteurs et donc les messages qu 'ils cherchent à faire passer auprès du public.
L'hydrothermalisme : un phénomène cyclique dans les temps géologiques. Conséquences pour la prospection minière au Maroc
Authors: Gasquet Dominique , Cheilletz Alain
Published: July 2019

The compilation of 30 years of industrial and scientific advances in the knowledge of Moroccan mineral deposits leads to a synthetic overview of their position in space and time. Six successive metallogenic hydrothermal events can be distinguished from the Neoproterozoic to present day, each of them associated with a particular geodynamic context. Exploration strategies in Morocco must take into account the fundamental characteristics of the existing mineral deposit as exposed here. Particularly relevant would be : (i) the high potential of the Precambrian-Cambrian transition and associated high K, calk-alkaline to alkaline magmatism rooted in the lower crust and/or the mantle, allowing large inputs of juvenile fluids and metals in the upper crust circulating along deep lithospheric faults ; (ii) the existence of interesting IOCG-like gold mineralization in the Ordovician series which now opens new regional targets for exploration in these horizons ; (iii) the importance of the Variscan tectonic events (e.g. shear zones), well recognized today in the Anti-Atlas which might lead to base and precious metals accumulations within the whole Palaeozoic series overlying the Pan-African basement inliers.
La mise en place d'aires marines protégées et leurs incidences conflictuelles dans le monde de la pêche. L'exemple du Parc Naturel Marin d'Iroise (France)
Authors: Lelong Sarah
Published: July 2019

The implementation of a network of Marine Protected Areas (MPA) on the horizon 2012 is a part of big international stakes about oceans ' conservation. In front of the multiplicity of the manners and the users of the sea, the implementation of such a zone of conservation is not without asking of questions not only to the users but also to the administrators who have to face numerous situations of conflict by ensuing. The study of the legal system dedicated to the MPAs in national texts as long as in international ones, highlights the importance given to the stakes of conservation. But a theoretical study of the legal framework is not enough to understand the stakes of these zones of protection especially for the fishing sector. It is important to wonder about the meeting of the various groups of actors 'perceptions concerning the implementation of a MPA and the conflicting incidences by ensuing. The example of the Iroise Marine Natural reserve and the long process of elaboration which accompanied it, allows a rather precise analysis of the conflictions which the administrators have to face. As Iroise is sheltering the first Marine Natural reserve in France, it is interesting to understand the choices of governance adopted by the legislator and the administrators to remedy the difficulties put by the implementation of a MPA and an integrated management of the French coastal band.
Experiencias en el proceso de reaparición de detenidas y detenidos desaparecidos sobrevivientes en la Sub-Zona 51 durante la última dictadura militar (1976-1983) y en el resto de la década del ‘80 (1983-1989)
Authors: Rama Cristian
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo expone algunos avances de una tesis de doctorado en Historia que propone indagar en las experiencias de un conjunto de detenidas y detenidos desaparecidos sobrevivientes de los espacios de detención clandestina de la Sub-Zona 51 en distintos contextos políticos, durante la última dictadura militar y en el resto de la década del ‘80. La relevancia que justifica el estudio de estos actores está en el hecho de que fueron protagonistas de la conflictividad política de los años ‘60 y ‘70, siendo por ello uno de los principales sujetos represaliados; y además, porque al haber sobrevivido a esa experiencia resultaron ser uno de los principales canales para conocer los alcances de la represión clandestina dictatorial. Se presentará en este trabajo la delimitación del objeto de estudio y el problema de investigación, los principales objetivos, la metodología a utilizar, el marco teórico elegido y algunos de los resultados preliminares.
Kategoria przywiązania do miejsca we wspieraniu rodziny w środowisku lokalnym
Authors: Ciczkowska-Giedziun Małgorzata
Published: July 2019

The place category has interested many researchers from social science in recent years. The analyzed concept refers to various aspects of deepened and long-lasting relationships of people with place. Numerous studies indicate that there is a link between the quality and satisfaction of the inhabitants’ lives and their place attachment. The literature of social work with children and families rarely pays attention on this important aspect of human life. The aim of the article is to present the meaning of the place category based on the psychological concept of the place attachment, with an attempt to show how it could be related to the creation of the integrated family support system in the community.
Praca socjalna w mieście. Perspektywa koinopolityczna
Authors: Rutkowski Jarosław
Published: July 2019

Social work sensitive to meeting man, strongly connected with the pulsating experience of human lives, take the effort of effective relief operations with concern for the dignity and human agency. Reflection on social work in meeting with “point” of human experience affected by the suffering, it shapes possibilities for creative and emancipatory for so undertaken social practice. The aim of this paper is to look at the social work in the koinopolis perspective in the context of the subjectivity and social inclusion. Significant for the theory and practice of social work in view of the koinopolis is to undertake the point of human experience and the extraction of it to expand the local community experience and knowledge. This social practice for human recovery returning to society, can effectively develop the community of thought and the common knowledge socially useful for agreement and cooperation
Zaangażowanie ojców zastępczych w realizację rodzicielskiej działalności w rodzinnych domach dziecka
Authors: Kaszubska-Dziergas Patrycja
Published: July 2019

The subject of this article discussion was the involvement of foster fathers in the parental activity implementation in family children’s homes. The research problem was formulated in the following question: What is the level of involvement of foster fathers in the parental activity implementation both in the global and partial dimensions? The research involved 55 foster fathers from 55 family children’s homes. The applied research tool was a Scale of the Foster Father’s Involvement in Child Care and Upbringing. The statistical analysis of the collected material allowed to give the following answer: the level of the foster fathers’ involvement in the parental activity implementation in family children’s homes, on a global scale, is high (78.19%) and medium (21.81%). Furthermore, it was found that the involvement level in the area of care is – 87.28% (foster fathers with a high level of involvement) and 12.72% (foster fathers with a medium level of involvement); in the area of upbringing – 81.81% (foster fathers with a high level of involvement) and 18.19% (foster fathers with a medium level of involvement); in the area of interest in a child – 72.72% (foster fathers with a high level of involvement) and 25.46% (foster fathers with a medium level of involvement); in the area of orphanhood compensation – 76.37% (foster fathers with a high level of involvement) and 21.81% (foster fathers with a medium level of involvement).
Postawy rodzicielskie małżonków o wyższym i niższym poziomie samoakceptacji
Authors: Dakowicz Lidia , Dakowicz Andrzej
Published: July 2019

The study involved 75 families were examined using The Adjective Check List (ACL) by H.G. Gough and A.B. Heilbrun and Family Attitude Scale by M. Braun-Gałkowska. Mothers with a lower level of self-acceptance were more often characterized by an excess of requirements than mothers with a higher level of self-acceptance. The examined children attributed to mothers with a lower level of self-acceptance, much more often the excess of management, than mothers with a higher level of self-acceptance. Fathers with a lower level of self-acceptance were more often characterized by an excess of help than fathers with a higher level of self-acceptance. The obtained results indicate that parental attitudes expressed by the spouses with a higher level of self-acceptance more frequently than the parental attitudes of spouses with a lower level of self-acceptance are characterized by moderation in all dimensions of the parental attitude, which characterizes the proper parental attitude conducive to the proper development of children.
Opportunities and Challenges for Pakistan
in an Era of Globalisation
Authors: Khalid Umer
Published: July 2019

The study analyses the degree of integration of Pakistan’s economy in global trade and financial flows. Pakistan’s integration into the global economy gained momentum in the late 1980s and early 1990s when it adopted more open and liberal policies as part of stabilisation and structural adjustment programmes negotiated with the IMF and World Bank. The paper presents an overview of Pakistan’s economy in the before and after period, it will specifically examine the trade performance from the 1980s onwards to see the progress made towards the integration of the Pakistani economy into the world economy. It will look into the opportunities that Pakistan is likely to gain in a more globalised world, with special focus on the textile and clothing sector and the potential growth in this sector after the abolition of the Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA) in 2005. New challenges that may emerge in a more open trading environment will also be discussed.
Trade, Investment and Growth Nexus in Pakistan:
An Application of Cointegration and
Multivariate Causality Test
Authors: Aurangzeb Aurangzeb
Published: July 2019

This paper develops a multivariate model to test the causality between exports and investment and economic growth in Pakistan. Most of the previous studies in this area have not paid any attention to stationarity and co-integration issues. The underlying series are tested and it was found that the series are non-stationary in their levels and not co-integrated. The Hsiao’s version of the Granger Causality method is used, the order in which the variables are entered into the model is also considered by using (SG) criterion, which is very important in the multivariate frame work and it improves the robustness of the causality results. The results show that there exists a strong bi-directional causality between exports growth and investment growth to GDP growth. It was also found that exports growth causes imports growth, investment growth causes exports growth, and imports growth causes GDP growth and investment growth, but not the opposite. These findings support the fact that both exports and investment are considered as an engine of growth in Pakistan. The causal inferences are fairly stable over the sample period.
On the Causal Relationship between Government
Expenditure and Tax Revenue in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain M. Haiderv
Published: July 2019

This paper applies the technique of Granger Causality to determine
the relationship between total government expenditures and total tax revenue
using annual revised estimates. The analysis discovers a firm unidirectional
effect from expenditure to revenue suggesting the preference of controlling the
spending decisions to reduce the tax revenue-expenditure deficit.
Why Private Investment In Pakistan Has Collapsed
And How It Can Be Restored
Authors: Hyder Kalim , Masood Ahmed Qazi
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the decline in private
investment and formulate a comprehensive strategy to overcome this
problem, which is the main cause of deceleration in the growth momentum
of Pakistan’s economy. Due to lack of investor confidence, private
investment has reached its lowest point in the recent economic history of
the private sector led growth phase (1978 to 2002) in Pakistan. This paper
argues that economic as well as non-economic factors are responsible for
this declining investment. Economic policies are formulated in such a
manner that the short-term objectives of lowering the fiscal and trade
deficits were to some extent achieved but overall economic performance and
investment were ignored. In order to control external trade deficits, a
policy of devaluation increased the cost of production through an increase
in prices of imported raw material especially of plant and machinery.
Higher real interest rates due to excessive public borrowing that were due
to the failure in reducing fiscal deficits has resulted in financial crowding
out and has corroded the savings that might be used to finance private
investment.
The Effect of Education, Experience and Occupation on
Earnings: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Nazli Hina
Published: July 2019

The theory of human capital posits a significant and positive
relationship between earnings and work experience. This theory assumes a
continuous increase in wages with employment experience at different levels of
schooling. Several studies have established that earnings rise rapidly as the level
of educational attainment improves. Similarly increase in work experience adds
to skills, makes an individual more productive and hence leads to higher
earnings. Education provides not only an initial labour market advantage, but
also cumulative benefits over the working life. Therefore, it is misleading to
assume a uniform rate of return to experience at different levels of education.
Determinants of the Argentine Financial Crisis: Can We
Predict Future Crises?
Authors: Feridun Mete
Published: July 2019

This article aims at identifying the macroeconomic indicators that
account for the Argentine financial crisis. For this purpose, an early warning
system (EWS) is built based on a probit model that incorporates six monthly
variables spanning the time period between February 1991 and February
2000. The results indicate that the significant indicators are the consumer
price index and the ratio of the value of exports to the value of imports.
Results further indicate that the predictive power of the model is quite
reasonable with a correct prediction probability of 67 percent at 15 percent
cutoff level.
Does Stability Preclude Contractionary Devaluation?
Authors: Zahid Ali Syed
Published: July 2019

In this paper we attempt to assess the relevance of correspondence
principle in determining the possible effects of currency devaluation on
balance of payments and employment. We developed a model in line with
Buffie (1986) who derived a very strong result that if the model is locally stable
and if labour and imported inputs are gross substitutes then devaluation will
certainly improve labour employment and balance of payments at the same
time. For the general production function the Buffie model predicts that
devaluation cannot contract both employment and balance of payments at the
same time since either of them is incompatible with the stability of the model.
Buffie results by and large depend upon stability conditions of the model and
what we have demonstrated that stability analysis of the model unfortunately
is not free of error. In the corrected model we observe that the results derived
by Buffie do not hold in general.
Estimation of Saving Behaviour in Pakistan Using Micro Data
Authors: Ahmad Mehboob , Asghar Tasneem
Published: July 2019

The role of savings in investment and therefore in the development
of a country cannot be exaggerated. In poor countries like ours most of the
savings is done by households. In this paper the saving behaviour of
Pakistan households, broken down to rural-urban, is examined. Using HIES
1998/99 and utilising OLS, it has been shown that saving behaviour in
Pakistan is influenced by various factors including wealth, employment
status, education, age and dependency ratio. But the most import role in
influencing saving behaviour is played by household income.
The Standard of Living in Pakistan --- Better or Worse?
Authors: Ahmad Salman
Published: July 2019

In a democracy there is scarcely any public question of greater
importance than the standard of living of the common people. It is essential
to know the actual level of this standard of living, and whether it is
improving or deteriorating. There can be two types of standards of living.
One is the standard of living of the society as a whole, and the other is the
standard of a group within the society. It is perfectly possible for the
standard of the society as a whole to be improving, while that of one or
more groups within the society is declining. Moreover, if the distribution of
economic power in the society is very unequal, it may happen that the
group, the standard of which is declining may constitute a very large
proportion, even a majority, of the total population.