bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lateral Penumbra Modelling Based Leaf End Shape Optimization for Multileaf Collimator in Radiotherapy
Authors: Zhou Dong , Zhang Hui , Ye Peiqing
Published: January 2016

Lateral penumbra of multileaf collimator plays an important role in radiotherapy treatment planning. Growing evidence has revealed that, for a single-focused multileaf collimator, lateral penumbra width is leaf position dependent and largely attributed to the leaf end shape. In our study, an analytical method for leaf end induced lateral penumbra modelling is formulated using Tangent Secant Theory. Compared with Monte Carlo simulation and ray tracing algorithm, our model serves well the purpose of cost-efficient penumbra evaluation. Leaf ends represented in parametric forms of circular arc, elliptical arc, Bézier curve, and B-spline are implemented. With biobjective function of penumbra mean and variance introduced, genetic algorithm is carried out for approximating the Pareto frontier. Results show that for circular arc leaf end objective function is convex and convergence to optimal solution is guaranteed using gradient based iterative method. It is found that optimal leaf end in the shape of Bézier curve achieves minimal standard deviation, while using B-spline minimum of penumbra mean is obtained. For treatment modalities in clinical application, optimized leaf ends are in close agreement with actual shapes. Taken together, the method that we propose can provide insight into leaf end shape design of multileaf collimator.
Genetic Risk Score Modelling for Disease Progression in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Patients: Increased Genetic Load of Islet-Expressed and Cytokine-Regulated Candidate Genes Predicts Poorer Glycemic Control
Authors: Brorsson Caroline A. , Nielsen Lotte B. , Andersen Marie Louise , Kaur Simranjeet , Bergholdt Regine , Hansen Lars , Mortensen Henrik B. , Pociot Flemming , Størling Joachim , Hvidoere Study Group on Childhood Diabetes
Published: January 2016

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 40 type 1 diabetes risk loci. The clinical impact of these loci onβ-cell function during disease progression is unknown. We aimed at testing whether a genetic risk score could predict glycemic control and residualβ-cell function in type 1 diabetes (T1D). As gene expression may represent an intermediate phenotype between genetic variation and disease, we hypothesized that genes within T1D loci which are expressed in islets and transcriptionally regulated by proinflammatory cytokines would be the best predictors of disease progression. Two-thirds of 46 GWAS candidate genes examined were expressed in human islets, and 11 of these significantly changed expression levels following exposure to proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β+ IFNγ+ TNFα) for 48 h. Using the GWAS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from each locus, we constructed a genetic risk score based on the cumulative number of risk alleles carried in children with newly diagnosed T1D. With each additional risk allele carried, HbA1c levels increased significantly within first year after diagnosis. Network and gene ontology (GO) analyses revealed that several of the 11 candidate genes have overlapping biological functions and interact in a common network. Our results may help predict disease progression in newly diagnosed children with T1D which can be exploited for optimizing treatment.
Circulating Endocannabinoids and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Wang Xiaoya , Yu Qin , Yue Hongmei , Zhang Jiabin , Zeng Shuang , Cui Fenfen
Published: January 2016

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between plasma endocannabinoids and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods. A population of 64 with OSA and 24 control subjects was recruited. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, lipids, blood glucose and insulin, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), anandamide (AEA), 1/2-arachidonoylglycerol (1/2-AG), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were analyzed.Results. Fasting blood insulin (22.9 ± 7.8 mIU/L versus 18.5 ± 7.2 mIU/L,P<0.05), HOMA-IR (2.9 ± 1.0 versus 2.4 ± 0.9,P<0.01), AEA (3.2 ± 0.7 nmol/L versus 2.5 ± 0.6 nmol/L,P<0.01), and 1/2-AG (40.8 ± 5.7 nmol/L versus 34.3 ± 7.7 nmol/L,P<0.01) were higher in OSA group than those in control group. In OSA group, AEA, 1/2-AG, and HOMA-IR increase with the OSA severity. The correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between HOMA-IR and AHI (r=0.44,P<0.01), AEA and AHI (r=0.52,P<0.01), AEA and HOMA-IR (r=0.62,P<0.01), and 1/2-AG and HOMA-IR (r=0.33,P<0.01). Further analysis showed that only AEA was significantly correlated with AHI and HOMA-IR after adjusting for confounding factors.Conclusions. The present study indicated that plasma endocannabinoids levels, especially AEA, were associated with IR and AHI in patients with OSA.
Th17 Cytokines Disrupt the Airway Mucosal Barrier in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ramezanpour Mahnaz , Moraitis Sophia , Smith Jason L. P. , Wormald P. J. , Vreugde Sarah
Published: January 2016

Cytokine mediated changes in paracellular permeability contribute to a multitude of pathological conditions including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interferons and of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines on respiratory epithelium barrier function. Cytokines and interferons were applied to the basolateral side of air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from CRS with nasal polyp patients. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability of FITC-conjugated dextrans were measured over time. Additionally, the expression of the tight junction protein Zona Occludens-1 (ZO-1) was examined via immunofluorescence. Data was analysed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey HSD post hoc test. Our results showed that application of interferons and of Th1 or Th2 cytokines did not affect the mucosal barrier function. In contrast, the Th17 cytokines IL-17, IL-22, and IL-26 showed a significant disruption of the epithelial barrier, evidenced by a loss of TEER, increased paracellular permeability of FITC-dextrans, and discontinuous ZO-1 immunolocalisation. These results indicate that Th17 cytokines may contribute to the development of CRSwNP by promoting a leaky mucosal barrier.
NADPH Oxidase 1 Activity and ROS Generation Are Regulated by Grb2/Cbl-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation of NoxO1 in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Joo Jung Hee , Oh Hyunjin , Kim Myungjin , An Eun Jung , Kim Rae-Kwon , Lee So-Young , Kang Dong Hoon , Kang Sang Won , Keun Park Cheol , Kim Hoguen , Lee Su-Jae , Lee Daekee , Seol Jae Hong , Bae Yun Soo
Published: January 2016

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is required for proper cell signaling, but must be tightly regulated to minimize deleterious oxidizing effects. Activation of the NADPH oxidases (Nox) triggers ROS production and, thus, regulatory mechanisms exist to properly control Nox activity. In this study, we report a novel mechanism in which Nox1 activity is regulated through the proteasomal degradation of Nox organizer 1 (NoxO1). We found that through the interaction between NoxO1 and growth receptor–bound protein 2 (Grb2), the Casitas B–lineage lymphoma (Cbl) E3 ligase was recruited, leading to decreased NoxO1 stability and a subsequent reduction in ROS generation upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Additionally, we show that EGF-mediated phosphorylation of NoxO1 induced its release from Grb2 and facilitated its association with Nox activator 1 (NoxA1) to stimulate ROS production. Consistently, overexpression of Grb2 resulted in decreased Nox1 activity, whereas knockdown of Grb2 led to increased Nox1 activity in response to EGF. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NoxO1 knockout in human colon cancer cells abrogated anchorage-independent growth on soft agar and tumor-forming ability in athymic nude mice. Moreover, the expression and stability of NoxO1 were significantly increased in human colon cancer tissues compared with normal colon. Taken together, these results support a model whereby Nox1 activity and ROS generation are regulated by Grb2/Cbl-mediated proteolysis of NoxO1 in response to EGF, providing new insight into the processes by which excessive ROS production may promote oncogenic signaling to drive colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 76(4); 855–65. ©2016 AACR.
PD-1 Blockade Expands Intratumoral Memory T Cells
Authors: Ribas Antoni , Shin Daniel Sanghoon , Zaretsky Jesse , Frederiksen Juliet , Cornish Andrew , Avramis Earl , Seja Elizabeth , Kivork Christine , Siebert Janet , Kaplan-Lefko Paula , Wang Xiaoyan , Chmielowski Bartosz , Glaspy John A. , Tumeh Paul C. , Chodon Thinle , Pe'er Dana , Comin-Anduix Begoña
Published: January 2016

Tumor responses to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy are mediated by T cells, which we characterized in 102 tumor biopsies obtained from 53 patients treated with pembrolizumab, an antibody to PD-1. Biopsies were dissociated, and single-cell infiltrates were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry using two computational approaches to resolve the leukocyte phenotypes at the single-cell level. There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of T cells in patients who responded to therapy. The frequency of intratumoral B cells and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells significantly increased in patients' biopsies taken on treatment. The percentage of cells with a regulatory T-cell phenotype, monocytes, and natural killer cells did not change while on PD-1 blockade therapy. CD8+ memory T cells were the most prominent phenotype that expanded intratumorally on therapy. However, the frequency of CD4+ effector memory T cells significantly decreased on treatment, whereas CD4+ effector T cells significantly increased in nonresponding tumors on therapy. In peripheral blood, an unusual population of blood cells expressing CD56 was detected in two patients with regressing melanoma. In conclusion, PD-1 blockade increases the frequency of T cells, B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumors, with the CD8+ effector memory T-cell subset being the major T-cell phenotype expanded in patients with a response to therapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(3); 194–203. ©2016 AACR.
Is Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Level an Appropriate Marker to Preclude the Need for Supplemental Testing?
Authors: Zhang Kuo , Wang Lunan , Lin Guigao , Li Jinming
Published: January 2016

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to determine whether signal-to-cutoff (S/Co) ratios of reactive anti-HCV samples could be used as a basis for avoiding the need for supplemental testing in our study population. Methods: We analyzed 901 anti-HCV-positive sera from 8 institutions in China. The Ortho VITROS anti-HCV assay and Monolisa Plus anti-HCV version 2 were used as screening assays to detect anti-HCV antibodies. Recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and quantitative tests for HCV RNA were performed to validate confirmed HCV infection status. Results: Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that 41.5% (114/275) of true-positive samples with S/Co ratios ≤3.0 would be missed and the negative predictive value was 63.9 and 87.06%, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RIBA as supplemental testing, respectively. 29.8% (90/302) of those who tested positive by RIBA samples were missed when only RT-PCR was used as supplemental testing. Conclusions: We determined that very low anti-HCV levels (S/Co ≤3.0), as determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay, was not an appropriate marker to preclude the need for supplemental testing in our study population. A screening strategy employing a secondary HCV antibody assay using different HCV antigens from the first assay as the supplemental testing method should be studied further. The immunoblot assay, as a supplemental testing method, is still necessary.
Frequency of Comorbidities and Their Association with Clinical Disability and Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Tettey Prudence , Siejka Dylan , Simpson Jr Steve , Taylor Bruce , Blizzard Leigh , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Dwyer Terence , van der Mei Ingrid
Published: January 2016

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients may be at an increased risk of comorbidities due to the debilitating and chronic nature of the disease. An increased understanding of comorbidities and disease course in MS may provide new insights and enhance MS management. We aimed at investigating the frequency of comorbidities and their associations with clinical disability and relapse in MS. Methods: A prospective cohort of 198 MS patients was followed during 2002-2005 and queried about specific doctor-diagnosed comorbidities. In Australia, the MS cohort was compared to the 2007 general population with regard to the prevalence of comorbidities. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression was used to assess the difference in subsequent disability between those who reported comorbidities and those who did not. The association of comorbidities with the hazard of relapse was assessed using survival analysis. Results: The age-standardised prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, asthma, psoriasis, eczema and anaemia was significantly higher in the MS cohort compared to that in the general Australian population. The level of disability (Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score) in those who reported overweight/obesity (β: 0.76 (95% CI 0.04-1.48), p = 0.037), or dyslipidaemia (β: 1.05 (95% CI 0.07-2.02), p = 0.036) was significantly higher compared to those who did not report these comorbidities, even after adjustment for potential confounders. There were no significant associations between comorbidities and change in disability. For relapse analyses, rheumatoid arthritis and anaemia were associated with more than threefold (hazard ratio, HR 3.70 (95% CI 1.80-7.58), p < 0.001) and twofold (HR 2.04 (95% CI 1.11-3.74), p = 0.022) increased risk of subsequent relapse respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of some comorbidities was higher in MS patients and associated with greater disability and relapse risk. Treatment of these comorbidities in patients with MS has the potential to improve disease course and help in the understanding of the prognosis and outcomes of MS.
Does the Intestinal Microbiota Explain Differences in the Epidemiology of Liver Disease between East and West?
Authors: Nakamoto Nobuhiro , Schnabl Bernd
Published: January 2016

Changes in bacterial communities are associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases including inflammatory bowel disease and liver disease. Dysbiosis can induce intestinal inflammation resulting in increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. The majority of chronic liver diseases are associated with bacterial translocation resulting in or enhancing an inflammatory response in the liver. Intestinal inflammation and a dysfunctional intestinal barrier are not sufficient to cause liver disease in the absence of an additional liver insult. In this article, the authors summarize differences in intestinal microbiota composition between Eastern and Western countries. The authors specifically discuss whether differences in microbiota composition could explain the epidemiological differences in liver disease found in Asia and Europe/the USA.
The Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Tobacco Smoking on Endothelial Function
Authors: Lui Macy Mei Sze , Mak Judith Choi Wo , Lai Agnes Yuen Kwan , Hui Christopher Kim Ming , Lam Jamie Chung Mei , Lam David Chi Leung , Ip Mary Sau Man
Published: January 2016

Background: Endothelial dysfunction has been recognized to occur in the context of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or tobacco smoking. However, the deleterious effect on vascular function with concurrence of both conditions is largely unknown. Objective: To investigate whether the concurrence of OSA and smoking poses an additive detriment to endothelial dysfunction. Methods: Chinese men without a history of chronic medical illness were invited to complete a questionnaire including smoking pack-year exposure, polysomnography and peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) for endothelial function. Serum 8-isoprostane, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured. Results: 114 men were successfully enrolled. PAT ratio, adjusted for age and body mass index, correlated inversely with overall severity of OSA: apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), r = -0.160 (p = 0.092); oxygen desaturation index, r = -0.214 (p = 0.024); duration of oxygen saturation <90%, r = -0.219 (p = 0.020); and minimum oxygen saturation, r = 0.250 (p = 0.008). The PAT ratio decreased with increasing pack-year group (p = 0.018). It was lower with concurrent smoking history and moderate-severe OSA (AHI ≥15/h) compared to having one or neither factor (p = 0.011). Serum levels of 8-isoprostane and AOPP were positively related to severity of OSA, while MCP-1 correlated with smoking quantity. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that severity of intermittent hypoxia, MCP-1 and pack-year exposure were independent predictors of PAT ratio. Conclusion: While OSA, in particular intermittent hypoxemia, and tobacco smoking were independent risk factors, the concurrence of moderate-severe OSA and smoking was associated with the most severe impairment in endothelial function.
What's in a Gene Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pigment Dispersion Syndrome in the Same Patient
Authors: Pokrovskaya Olya , O''Brien Colm
Published: January 2016

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) and pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) are two of the commonest disorders to produce secondary open-angle glaucoma through trabecular meshwork blockage. Each is a defined clinical entity, and while genetics likely play a significant role in the pathogenesis of both, the specific genes involved appear to be distinct. There is surprisingly little published in the literature regarding the coexistence of PDS and PXS in the same patient. We present the intriguing case of a patient who developed PDS in one eye and PXS in the other. This unusual case acts as a platform for an interesting discussion of the genomics of PXS and PDS.
Trajetória e desafios do Inventário Nacional de Referências Culturais (INRC): Entrevista com Antonio Arantes
Authors: Morais Sara Santos , Ramassote Rodrigo Martins , Arantes Neto Antonio Augusto
Published: January 2016

A entrevista realizada com Antonio Arantes aborda questões relevantes para a compreensão do Inventário Nacional de Referências Culturais (INRC), o principal instrumento utilizado pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan) para a produção de conhecimento e gestão do patrimônio cultural imaterial. Coordenador de uma equipe multidisciplinar contratada pelo Iphan em 1999 para a formulação dessa metodologia, Arantes discorre sobre o percurso inicial desse processo e alguns desdobramentos posteriores. O resultado é um retrato adensado das questões logísticas, das decisões teórico-metodológicas e dos debates que permearam a criação e implantação desse instrumento de investigação e, indiretamente, as políticas de patrimônio imaterial implantadas no Brasil. O entrevistado reflete também sobre a necessidade de se proceder a possíveis revisões dessa metodologia frente aos resultados acumulados ao longo de 15 anos de sua aplicação.
Memória CPC: depoimento do professor Nestor Goulart Reis Filho
Authors: Camargo Mônica Junqueira de , Centro de Preservação Cultural da Universidade de São Paulo Equipe do
Published: January 2016

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Silêncio compartilhado: gestos de escrita e gestos de presença
Authors: Crosman Luiza
Published: January 2016

A comunicação tem por objetivo refletir sobre a participação em um acontecimento artístico coletivo como um gesto de presença, alcançado no entrecruzamento da experiência e da escrita e possibilitando a emergência de subjetividades. A partir do texto “Cy Twombly: works on paper”, de Roland Barthes, apresenta um panorama que entende o gesto como o surplus de uma ação. Este panorama seráexpandido na união com um gesto silencioso da observação do contigente: O “É isto!” defendido pelo autor através do estudo de haikais no livro “A Preparação do Romance”. Tal investigação abriráo campo da “forma breve”, como posto por Barthes, e da noção de “sutileza” como posto por Claire Bishop no artigo “Zones of Indistinguishability: Collective Actions Group and Participatory Art”. Tanto a forma breve quanto a sutileza serão encaradas como formas de produzir subjetividade. Finalmente, o artigo iráresgatar o caráter anti-interpretativo do “É isto!” que, segundo Barthes, os haikais exercitam na sua relação entre experiência e forma, usando-o para analisar obras do grupo russo Collective Actions Group, ativo principalmente durante o período socialista, pensando assim não só o deslocamento entre escrita e presença, mas também a própria ideia de coletividade e compartilhamento de experiências.
Rasgos na língua ou enunciação e escritura
Authors: Bellocchio Carolina Molinar
Published: January 2016

Este trabalho tem por objetivo refletir a respeito da inaugural proposição barthesiana de como a escritura se funda no rasgo que o sujeito impõe à língua, presente n'O grau zero da escrita, e que parece ser amplificada nos textos posteriores à metade dos anos 60 como uma forma do sujeito linguístico se inscrever no mundo. Considera-se que o texto entendido como produção tenha se acentuado a partir do final dos anos 60 coincidindo com essa ideia de manipulação do texto pelo escritor as pesquisas de Benveniste. Assim, acredita-se que as noções a respeito da enunciação tenham tido para ele interesse especial. Nesse sentido é que este trabalho pretende explorar como a noção de enunciação para Barthes aporta um grande operador para arejar a sua ideia de Texto que, a partir do final dos anos 60 e início dos 70, é sintomaticamente marcada por manobras enunciativas que exploram a forma. Assim, pretende-se refletir como a assunção do lugar da enunciação amplifica a discussão da "moral da forma" a partir da ideia de inscrição do sujeito na língua, pela disseminação que esse produz e na efetivação de uma responsabilidade da forma por esse mesmo deslocamento.
PINTURA PRESENTE. UMA BREVE INCURSÃO NOS DESENHOS DE ROLAND BARTHES
Authors: Bratfisch Juliana
Published: January 2016

O nanquim, o guache, a aquarela: o traço fluído de Barthes é uma tentativa de captar um instante efêmero, a inscrição dos signos flutuantes de cada manhã de domingo em que ele fazia os seus “borrões”, como ele próprio diz; é certamente um instante de significância daquele que traça e colore, mas também é um dom: Barthes inscreve seu corpo em um frágil suporte – muitas vezes em um papel de pouca gramatura destinado à escrita, como são as folhas timbradas da École de Hautes Études – não para se afirmar como artista, mas pelo simples prazer de dedicar esse gesto amador a seus amigos, presenteando-os com seu resultado. O gesto pictural em Barthes acontece, portanto, também sob o signo da anacoluthia, “o campo raro em que as ideias se penetram de afetividade, em que os amigos, pelo cortejo com que acompanham nossa vida, permitem-nos pensar, escrever, falar” (“A Imagem” O rumor da língua, p. 444). Nessa comunicação farei uma análise do gesto pictural em Barthes não somente como um gesto produtor, olhando para os signos que hesitam prazerosamente entre a letra e a imagem, mas também como um gesto de oferta.
DESPLAZAMIENTOS Y TRANSFORMACIONES DE LA CRÍTICA EN ROLAND BARTHES
Authors: Pino Ester
Published: January 2016

La presente contribución pretende comprender los usos barthesianos de la crítica literaria hispánica a partir del concepto de periferia, tomando como ejemplos dos revistas argentinas (Los libros y Literal) y una revista catalana (Diwan) que surgieron durante la década de los setenta. En primer lugar, seguimos la recepción hispánica de la obra barthesiana a ambos lados del Atlántico y explicamos de qué manera el nombre de Barthes ha sido usado como estandarte de una crítica que se ha entendido a sí misma como periférica y que, al mismo tiempo, ha participado en el campo intelectual analizando una escritura externa al canon. En segundo lugar, observamos de qué manera las propuestas barthesianas, apoyadas en una retórica en constante ilación con el cambio epistemológico de los sesenta, son todavía hoy revitalizadoras del ejercicio crítico.
DIZER AQUELES A QUEM AMO: RECONCILIANDO ROLAND BARTHES E ALBERT CAMUS
Authors: Geske Samara
Published: January 2016

A referência ao nome de Barthes juntamente com o de Camus se faz normalmente pelos primeiros escritos do crítico que tinham como cerne a primeira narrativa de Camus (O estrangeiro), assim como pela polêmica dos anos cinquenta em torno da publicação de A peste. Superada tanto essa fase mais marxista no primeiro, quanto o ciclo de obras sobre a revolta no segundo, em seus últimos anos, ambos confluem para o tema do amor. Essa confluência permite que de alguma forma eles se reconciliem depois do embate de ideias que os distanciou. Embora com percursos diversos e vivendo em épocas diferentes (Camus morre em 1960), a última fase de suas carreiras se revela muito semelhante. O objetivo deste artigo é “ler” esta convergência a partir das reflexões de Barthes no curso “La préparation du roman I et II” juntamente com o manuscrito inacabado do romance O primeiro homem de Camus. Essa aproximação nos mostra que ambos tinham a impressão de estar entrando em uma Vita Nova, que significava também a descoberta de uma nova prática de escritura: o romance, cujos grandes modelos seriam Guerra e paz de Tolstói e Em busca do tempo perdido de Proust. E principalmente, ambos desejavam dizer aqueles a quem amavam por meio da escritura. Embora com pontos de partida parecidos, cada um chegaria a um resultado distinto do outro (como deixam entrever alguns manuscritos), mas ao final, é o amor que permite reconciliá-los e é a partir deste tema que gostaríamos de reaproximá-los.
ROLAND BARTHES E A ANATOMIA PALIMPSÉSTICA
Authors: Costa Cristiano Bedin
Published: January 2016

Em Roland Barthes por Roland Barthes, recebemos a seguinte indicação de leitura: “Tudo isso deve ser considerado como dito por um personagem de romance”. A frase, ao introduzir aquilo que Eric Marty define como um jogo carnavalesco em que o “eu”, o “ele” e o “vós” alternam-se constantemente, desorganiza o discurso autobiográfico regulado pelas prescrições modernas, fazendo da obra um verdadeiro patchwork: re-escrituras, acréscimos, obliterações em meio aos livros, aos temas, às lembranças, de modo que essa nova enunciação não permite saber se é do presente ou do passado que se fala, tampouco se é mesmo da vida daquele que escreve que se diz. Para Françoise Gaillard, isso se deve ao fato de que a biografia Barthesiana não toma o bios enquanto representante do vivido, mas sim da vida no que tem de mais orgânico: o corpo em suas constantes dilatações e invenções. De fato, em Barthes, o corpo é sempre atópico, incapaz de ser apreendido em sua totalidade. Nele, há sempre um excesso, um rasto insignificante, um mais além de todo sentido. Escrevê-lo, portanto, é participar de uma dispersão: em meio à música, à literatura, à fotografia, ao cotidiano. Esse excesso, essa mistura anti-hierárquica de linguagens e afectos compondo uma anatomia palimpsesticamente impura, é o que aqui deverá nos interessar.
EM BUSCA DE UMA IMAGEM: ALQUIMIA E CRÍTICA LITERÁRIA
Authors: Ferraz Paulo Procópio
Published: January 2016

Em Sobre Racine, de Roland Barthes, a imagem da alquimia aparece associada à crítica universitária tradicional, acusada de fazer uma interpretação “mágica” da criação literária. Apoiando-se nos trabalhos de Gaston Bachelard, Barthes fala em uma visão “substancialista” do mundo, própria à burguesia, que buscaria encontrar a interioridade dos objetos e das pessoas. Contudo, ao tentar uma análise estrutural das tragédias de Racine, o crítico acaba reencontrando o pensamento substancialista nas peças do autor, e fala em uma química para caracterizar Britânico, que é descrita com termos próximos aos usados para falar em alquimia. As figuras da química e da alquimia, que reaparecem com frequência nos textos do autor, são indícios que podem nos ajudar a compreender a posição ambígua que Barthes assume para pensar a tragédia clássica.
SEM A FOME DA DEFINIÇÃO: O PUNCTUM E O HAICAI
Authors: Bueno Iury
Published: January 2016

O presente texto é dedicado a uma reflexão sobre as possíveis intersecções entre fotografia e haikai encontradas na obra de Roland Barthes, abarcando aquelas obras do autor suscetíveis de ilustrá-las a saber: Império dos Signos (1970), O Neutro (1977-1978), A Preparação do Romance (1978-1979) e A Câmara Clara (1980). Nosso foco é sobre o possível emaranhamento do conceito de "punctum" e "neutro", respectivamente, referindo-se à imagem fotográfica e à escrita, e igualmente supondo um escape do paradigma do significado.
Meanings of suffering in the context of primary care
Authors: Santos Josenaide E. dos , Gandolf Lenora
Published: January 2016

Objective. understand the meaning that users ascribe to primary care pain. Methods. Social Construccionism, a semi-structured interview, with users. The analysis was made through the map of association of ideas. Results.The meanings regarding pain unfold three dimensions: experiences and contacts with mourning, unspecific pains and complaints and intervention with medicines. The meaning exposed by the patients indicates the change of physical pain into the moral pain of mourning, and from that into suffering (anxiety and depression) which could lead to psychical and somatic dysfunctions. Conclusion. Different therapeutic strategies are necessary to deal with the aspects of pain exposed, it is necessary to risk into new therapeutic areas which meet the needs of the primary care user.
Clustered risk factors to health in children
Authors: Legnani Rosimeide Francisco Santos , Legnani Elto , Silva Michael Pereira da , Gasparotto Guilherme da Silva , Bacil Eliane Denise Araújo , Campos Wagner de
Published: January 2016

Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of clustered Risk Factors to Health (RFH) in children from Curitiba, PR, as well as the association between clustered RFH and demographic variables. Methods: Was selected 1054 children (7-10 years) from public and private schools in Curitiba / PR. The assessment of Physical Activity (PA) was performed by 11 pictures to indicate the type of PA performed in a typical week (Webdafa electronic questionnaire). The scores sum of PA categories generated a General Physical Activity Score (GPAS: 0-187 points). Questions about screen time and sleep were added to Webdafa. Also was measured, body weight and height to calculate BMI (Body Mass Index). Data were categorized in insufficient level of physical activity (GPAS <84), screen time (> 2 hours / day), hours of sleep (<10 hours), and students were classified according to BMI in overweight or eutrophic. Results: Among those evaluated, 484 (45.9%) were boys, 548 (52%) studied during the afternoon, the age mean was 8.9 (± 0.9) years, body weight 33.5 kg (± 8.9), height of 1.36 m (± 0.08) and BMI 17.8 (± 3.4). Only 5.5% (58) children had one RFS, 35.1% (370) presented two RFH and 59.4% (626) of the children had 3 or more RFH in cluster form. Clustered RFH were significantly associated with the variables: gender, school type and class period in the day (p <0.005). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of 2 or more RFH evaluated in children and association between clustered RFH with sociodemographic variables.
Association between urinary incontinence, gynecologic, obstetric, voiding characteristics and quality of life in women
Authors: Nobrega Aline M. , Patrizzi Lislei J. , Walsh Isabel A P de
Published: January 2016

Model study: Observational, cross sectional, analytical. Study objectives: To characterize and correlate the sociodemographic profile, lifestyles; gynecological, obstetric, and voiding characteristics and quality of life in women aged 19-59 years with or without urinary incontinence in Uberaba/MG. Methodology: A questionnaire previously developed by the researchers, the SF-36 and followed by the completion of the anthropometric measurements were used. Results: 194 women were assessed, with prevalence of urinary incontinence in 17.53%. Obesity, smoking, higher number of pregnancies, abortions and use of medications for mental disorders were significant risk factors for the occurrence of urinary incontinence. Quality of life was significantly affected by urinary incontinence, with the exception of the areas of pain and vitality. Conclusion: This article emphasizes the importance of routinely addressing this complaint and continues getting to know the associated risk factors, which can contribute to assist health professionals in identifying and implementing preventive strategies as early as possible in order to reduce their prevalence in women.
Educação e literatura infantil: primeiras décadas do Século XX
Authors: Menna Ligia Regina Máximo Cavalari
Published: January 2016

Este artigo é fruto de nossas pesquisas sobre as relações entre educação e literatura infantil e se propõe a apresentar um breve panorama das tendências pedagógicas no Brasil até meados dos anos de 1930, período de consolidação da Literatura Infantil Brasileira, denominado comumente por Período Lobatiano. Nosso intuito é contribuir com um contexto histórico e pedagógico para os pesquisadores de literatura infantil que optarem por esse período ou mesmo épocas futuras, já que algumas tendências do início do século XX podem ainda ser observadas em nossa contemporaneidade. O reflexo dessas tendências pedagógicas na literatura infantil da década de 1930 pode ser observado em nossa Tese de Doutoramento intitulada “A literatura infantil além do livro: as contribuições do jornal  português O senhor doutor e da revista  brasileira O Tico-Tico (http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8156/tde-07122012-105735/pt-br.ph ).
Quantitative and qualitative index for diagnosing osteopenia and osteoporosis in post-menopausal women
Authors: Miranda Lituânia Fialho de , Haddad Denise Sabbagh , Arita Emiko Saito , Watanabe Plauto Christopher Aranha
Published: January 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to devise a qualitatively and quantitatively reliable index for screening changes in mandibular bone density based on digital panoramic radiographs.Methods: A total of 252 panoramic radiographs and forearm bone densitometry scans of menopausal and post-menopausal women were examined. Diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis was confirmed by comparing forearm densitometry diagnostic reports against diagnoses from radiographs.Results: Pearson’s tests showed a significant association between assessments by the Quantitative and Qualitative Panoramic Index (QQPI) based on panoramic radiography of the mandible and by densitometry (p < 0.001). The Kappa statistic also revealed significant agreement between the two methods of assessment (p < 0.001). A significant association was also found between results of panoramic radiographic assessments of left and right mandible sides (Kappa = 0.676; p < 0.001).Conclusion: These results allowed confirmation of panoramic radiography as a useful method for detecting morphologic age-related changes in the mandible and creation of a single Quantitative and Qualitative Panoramic Index (QQPI) to aid the diagnosis of mandibular osteopenia/osteoporosis.
Unilateral condylar hyperplasia: evaluation of 6 cases
Authors: Vasconcelos Ana Carolina Uchoa , Silveira Felipe Martins , Etges Adriana , Gomes Ana Paula Neutzling , Carlini João Luis , Conde Marcus Cristian Muniz , Tarquínio Sandra Beatriz Chaves
Published: January 2016

This study aimed to report six cases of unilateral condylar hyperplasia (CH), regarding their demographic and clinical characteristics and imaging and histopathological findings. Sex, age, affected side, history of the case, complementary examinations and treatment were recorded. Five cases (83.3%) were females and the mean age of the study population was 19.3 years (range: 14-28 years). The right condyle was affected in 4 cases (66.6%). Five (83.3%) patients were subjected to condylotomy, and high condylectomy was done in 1 (16.6%) case. The patients were followed up postoperatively for a mean period of 27.5 months. All patients received surgical and orthodontic treatment. In the present study, CH occurred more frequently in the first decades of life and it was more prevalent in females. The right condyle was more affected than the left one and condylotomy combined with orthodontics was the main treatment performed.
Granular Cell Tumor on the soft palate: a very rare location
Authors: Jacomacci Willian Pecin
Published: January 2016

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare lesion of neural origin and uncertain nature. It can be a true neoplasm, a degenerative metabolic process or a proliferation trauma-induced. In general, it appears as a singular benign lesion, however, there are rare cases that are malignant multicentric forms. The most frequent orofacial localization is the tongue.  The aim of this report was to describe a case of GCT occurring on  the soft palate. Patient presented a discrete and asymptomatic nodule for approximately eight months. Definitive diagnosis of granular cell tumor was established by histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The case illustrates the occurrence of granular cell tumor in an unusual region and emphasizes the importance of including this entity in differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors in otherwise locations besides the tongue.
A guerra como tema e a escrita como arma: A juventude de“A geração da utopia” de Pepetela
Authors: Fernandes Glaucia Regina , Carelli Fabiana
Published: January 2016

Este artigo pretende discutir de que maneira a juventude angolana de década de 60 se preparou para a guerra que gerou a libertação de Angola. Dois elementos essenciais norteiam o texto, são eles: a guerra como acontecimento histórico que rege a narrativa, e a função da literatura durante este período.
Por detrás de tantos nomes, o mar. Moçambique e o Oceano Índico: discursos, imaginários e representações
Authors: Brugioni Elena
Published: January 2016

A imagem de Moçambique como “Pérola do Índico” remonta, pelo menos, ao período colonial, representando, ainda hoje, uma das iconografias nacionais mais utilizadas em diferentes contextos e discursos públicos (Brito, 2010). No entanto, o significado e o agenciamento desta imagem apontam para um conjunto de questões e ambiguidades que oferecem pontos de partida para (re)pensar a relação entre Moçambique e o Oceano Índico no que concerne às práticas de representação, os discursos identitários e os imaginários culturais, configurando o Índico como uma “geografia transnacional do imaginário” (Ghosh & Mucke, 2007) e logo um “paradigma crítico alternativo” (Hofmeyr, 2007) para ler e situar as narrativas escritas e visuais da contemporaneidade em Moçambique.
Literatura de massa na escola: uma proposta de letramento literário
Authors: Espíndola Ana Lúcia , Rocha Flávio Amorim da
Published: January 2016

Este artigo discute a questão da literatura de massa presente nas leituras realizadas por jovens do ensino médio do IFMS, problematizando a queixa comum de professores ao denunciarem que tais jovens não são leitores.  Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários aplicados a 166 estudantes e nos permitem indicar que obras populares ocupam um importante papel nas leituras que marcaram a vida desses sujeitos e podem vir a promover o letramento literário.
Imagens escolares na literatura: algumas reflexões
Authors: Souza Nilo Carlos Pereira , Teixeira André Cordeiro
Published: January 2016

Um olhar da literatura sobre a escola nos possibilita novos ângulos de observação. Nas últimas décadas muitas coisas mudaram de forma significativa no mundo, mas a escola parece ter mantido, com poucas exceções, noções que resultam no fastio do aluno e na ausência de questionamentos. Nesse estudo, buscaremos perceber tais noções através das impressões escolares contidas nas seguintes obras: Emília no País da Gramática, de Monteiro Lobato; Alice no país das maravilhas, de Lewis Caroll; Chove nos campos de Cachoeira, de Dalcídio Jurandir; Zeus ou a menina e os óculos, de Maria Lúcia Medeiros e A professora de desenho e outras histórias, de Marcelo Coelho.
Peri/Epicellular Protein Disulfide Isomerase Sustains Vascular Lumen Caliber Through an Anticonstrictive Remodeling Effect
Authors: Tanaka Leonardo Y. , Araújo Haniel A. , Hironaka Gustavo K. , Araujo Thaís L.S. , Takimura Celso K. , Rodriguez Andres I. , Casagrande Annelise S. , Gutierrez Paulo S. , Lemos-Neto Pedro Alves , Laurindo Francisco R.M.
Published: January 2016

Whole-vessel remodeling critically determines lumen caliber in vascular (patho)physiology, and it is reportedly redox-dependent. We hypothesized that the cell-surface pool of the endoplasmic reticulum redox chaperone protein disulfide isomerase-A1 (peri/epicellular=pecPDI), which is known to support thrombosis, also regulates disease-associated vascular architecture. In human coronary atheromas, PDI expression inversely correlated with constrictive remodeling and plaque stability. In a rabbit iliac artery overdistension model, there was unusually high PDI upregulation (≈25-fold versus basal, 14 days postinjury), involving both intracellular and pecPDI. PecPDI neutralization with distinct anti-PDI antibodies did not enhance endoplasmic reticulum stress or apoptosis. In vivo pecPDI neutralization with PDI antibody-containing perivascular gel from days 12 to 14 post injury promoted 25% decrease in the maximally dilated arteriographic vascular caliber. There was corresponding whole-vessel circumference loss using optical coherence tomography without change in neointima, which indicates constrictive remodeling. This was accompanied by decreased hydrogen peroxide generation. Constrictive remodeling was corroborated by marked changes in collagen organization, that is, switching from circumferential to radial fiber orientation and to a more rigid fiber type. The cytoskeleton architecture was also disrupted; there was a loss of stress fiber coherent organization and a switch from thin to medium thickness actin fibers, all leading to impaired viscoelastic ductility. Total and PDI-associated expressions of β1-integrin, and levels of reduced cell-surface β1-integrin, were diminished after PDI antibody treatment, implicating β1-integrin as a likely pecPDI target during vessel repair. Indeed, focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation, a downstream β1-integrin effector, was decreased by PDI antibody. Thus, the upregulated pecPDI pool tunes matrix/cytoskeleton reshaping to counteract inward remodeling in vascular pathophysiology.
The Impact of Emotional States on Cognitive Control Circuitry and Function
Authors: Cohen Alexandra O. , Dellarco Danielle V. , Breiner Kaitlyn , Helion Chelsea , Heller Aaron S. , Rahdar Ahrareh , Pedersen Gloria , Chein Jason , Dyke Jonathan P. , Galvan Adriana , Casey BJ
Published: January 2016

Typically in the laboratory, cognitive and emotional processes are studied separately or as a stream of fleeting emotional stimuli embedded within a cognitive task. Yet in life, thoughts and actions often occur in more lasting emotional states of arousal. The current study examines the impact of emotions on actions using a novel behavioral paradigm and functional neuroimaging to assess cognitive control under sustained states of threat (anticipation of an aversive noise) and excitement (anticipation of winning money). Thirty-eight healthy adult participants were scanned while performing an emotional go/no-go task with positive (happy faces), negative (fearful faces), and neutral (calm faces) emotional cues, under threat or excitement. Cognitive control performance was enhanced during the excited state relative to a nonarousing control condition. This enhanced performance was paralleled by heightened activity of frontoparietal and frontostriatal circuitry. In contrast, under persistent threat, cognitive control was diminished when the valence of the emotional cue conflicted with the emotional state. Successful task performance in this conflicting emotional condition was associated with increased activity in the posterior cingulate cortex, a default mode network region implicated in complex processes such as processing emotions in the context of self and monitoring performance. This region showed positive coupling with frontoparietal circuitry implicated in cognitive control, providing support for a role of the posterior cingulate cortex in mobilizing cognitive resources to improve performance. These findings suggest that emotional states of arousal differentially modulate cognitive control and point to the potential utility of this paradigm for understanding effects of situational and pathological states of arousal on behavior.
Nematode communities as indicators of the status of a soil ecosystem influenced by mining practices in Brazil
Authors: Caixeta Larissa B. , Pereira Tiago J. , Castañeda Nancy E.N. , Cares Juvenil E.
Published: January 2016

This study evaluated the effects of mining practices using soil nematodes as bioindicators. Soil samples represented four different subsystems found in the CeBio Research Center, including natural/undisturbed (rainforest (RF) and savannah (SA)) and disturbed (Eucalyptusspp. (EU) and grassland (GR)) subsystems. Ecological descriptorsS(3.5-9.5),d(1.22-4.23) and MI (1.9-3.23) significantly differentiated the subsystem GR (high impact) from the other subsystems. Additionally, poorly covered soil (i.e., subsystem GR) negatively influenced the composition of nematode assemblages, and primarily so for nematodes with high c-p values. Among soil variables, pH strongly influenced the distribution of soil nematodes, negatively affecting the abundance of all c-p groups and diversity of nematodes. On the other hand, pH also positively affected FF and PP trophic groups in the subsystem GR. The similarity of subsystem EU and natural subsystems (RF and SA) suggests that soil restoration withEucalyptusspp. appears to be an adequate management practice to promote the recovery of areas subjected to mining practices.
A Metric for Money
Authors: Blain Bob
Published: January 2016

The argument advanced here is that money worldwide has no recognized metric, no measuring instrument that defines the value of national currencies. In place of a metric, economists have substituted price indexes and monetary policy. Unanchored to economic realities, money numbers have dispersed in ever-greater inequality. At the same time, the proper metric for money has been the center of gravity of currency exchange rates, unrecognized, the de facto world money metric, for as long as the International Monetary Fund has published the data to see it. That metric is work time. It now needs to be adopted de jure as the world money unit.
Recognition of Laborers as Citizens: First Worker Democracy versus Liberal Capitalist Democracy
Authors: Brabec Martin
Published: January 2016

This article presents an analyses of democracy and capitalism from the point of view of Political Marxism, particularly Ellen Meiksins Wood. It distinguishes between two conceptions of democracy: the ancient Athenian democracy which conferred a civic status on subordinate classes, creating the unique social class, the peasant-citizen and contemporary elitist liberal capitalist democracy. Consequently it shows that the former was first and only workers democracy in history. Further it compares these two democracies and their influence on economy, particularly class relations and issues of exploitation. It finishes by presentation of limits of modern democracy and proposes possible solution.