bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Morreton virus as an oncolytic virotherapy platform for liver cancers
Authors: Nagalo Bolni Marius , Zhou Yumei , Loeuillard Emilien J. , Dumbauld Chelsae , Barro Oumar , Elliott Natalie M. , Baker Alexander T. , Arora Mansi , Bogenberger James M. , Meurice Nathalie , Petit Joachim , Uson Pedro Luiz Serrano , Aslam Faaiq , Raupach Elizabeth , Gabere Musa , Basnakian Alexei , Simoes Camila C. , Cannon Martin J. , Post Steven R. , Buetow Kenneth , Chamcheu Jean Christopher , Barrett Michael T. , Duda Dan G. , Jacobs Bertram , Vile Richard , Barry Michael A. , Roberts Lewis R. , Ilyas Sumera , Borad Mitesh J.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Morreton virus (MORV) is an oncolytic Vesiculovirus, genetically distinct from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV).

Aim:

To report that MORV induced potent cytopathic effects (CPEs) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro models.

Approach and Results:

In preliminary safety analyses, high intranasal doses (up to 1010 50% tissue culture infectious dose [TCID50]) of MORV were not associated with significant adverse effects in immune competent, non–tumor‐bearing mice. MORV was shown to be efficacious in a Hep3B hepatocellular cancer xenograft model but not in a CCA xenograft HuCCT1 model. In an immune competent, syngeneic murine CCA model, single intratumoral treatments with MORV (1 × 107 TCID50) triggered a robust antitumor immune response leading to substantial tumor regression and disease control at a dose 10‐fold lower than VSV (1 × 108 TCID50). MORV led to increased CD8+ cytotoxic T cells without compensatory increases in tumor‐associated macrophages and granulocytic or monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate that wild‐type MORV is safe and can induce potent tumor regression via immune‐mediated and immune‐independent mechanisms in HCC and CCA animal models without dose limiting adverse events. These data warrant further development and clinical translation of MORV as an oncolytic virotherapy platform.
A comfort evaluation method based on an intelligent car cockpit
Authors: Yang Jian‐Jun , Chen Yi‐Meng , Xing Shan‐Shan , Qiu Rui‐Zhi
Published: September 2022

With the rapid development of automobiles, car cockpits are becoming more and more intelligent and advanced, and the intelligent requirements of automobile cockpits are gradually increasing. However, the real value of intelligence can only be realized when it makes passengers in a cockpit feel comfortable. In this study, seven factors that affect passenger comfort in intelligent cockpits are defined. Under these factors, a total of 33 evaluation indicators were developed. The core of the method was to determine the dissatisfaction indicators and degree of dissatisfaction in the intelligent cockpit by analyzing the relationship between people's perceived performance and their expectations. This method was used to evaluate the Tesla Model 3, and it was found in the results that the higher the degree of dissatisfaction with the indicator, the more subjective feedback it had, which in turn proved the effectiveness of the model. According to the degree of dissatisfaction, the indicators affecting comfort were also divided into three levels. This hierarchical division helps clarify which indicators should be prioritized for improvement. Generally, this method has a certain feasibility, which is helpful for the development and redesign of an intelligent car cockpit, and provides some reference strategies for other transportation fields.
A pragmatic strength and conditioning intervention for firefighters: Feasibility of the Tactical Athlete Resilience Program (TARP)
Authors: Sharp Paul , Caperchione Cristina M. , Brown Georgia A. , Stadnyk Antony , Marin Elizabeth , Hulin Billy , Wade Jarrod , Mott Brendan , Gabriel Mark , Impellizzeri Franco , Fullagar Hugh H. K.
Published: September 2022

Issue Addressed

Firefighting is physically and mentally taxing and recruits are expected to have optimal health and fitness. However, physical fitness tends to decline following initial training, placing firefighters at an increased risk for stress and injury. Efforts are needed to engage and support firefighters in maintaining adequate health and fitness to withstand the rigorous demands of their occupation. This study examined the feasibility of TARP, a pragmatic strength and conditioning intervention for metropolitan‐based firefighters, delivered in collaboration with a professional National Rugby League club.

Methods

A mixed‐methods approach was utilised to examine program implementation, recruitment and sample characteristics, intervention satisfaction and acceptability, and participants' response to the intervention. Evaluation measures included field notes taken during steering committee meetings, participant flow data, baseline and follow‐up outcome measures, self‐report questionnaires, and telephone interviews with a sample of participants.

Results

Participants (N = 113) were predominantly men (82%) with a mean age of 43 ± 9.3 years and BMI of 26.6 ± 2.9 kg/m2. Program satisfaction was high (95% very satisfied or somewhat satisfied) among program completers (42% retention). Key strengths of the program included delivery through the professional sports club, quality of facilities and equipment, and scheduling flexibility. Future programs should consider incorporating education or training to support behaviour change maintenance and strategies to retain participants at follow‐up.

Conclusions

Results provide valuable insights into the design and delivery of interventions for firefighters and demonstrate the importance of strong partnerships between community stakeholders.
The immunosuppression pathway of tumor‐associated macrophages is controlled by heme oxygenase‐1 in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Magri Sara , Musca Beatrice , Pinton Laura , Orecchini Elena , Belladonna Maria Laura , Orabona Ciriana , Bonaudo Camilla , Volpin Francesco , Ciccarino Pietro , Baro Valentina , Della Puppa Alessandro , Mandruzzato Susanna
Published: September 2022

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in glioblastoma (GBM) is mainly driven by tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). We explored whether their sustained iron metabolism and immunosuppressive activity were correlated, and whether blocking the central enzyme of the heme catabolism pathway, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), could reverse their tolerogenic activity. To this end, we investigated iron metabolism in bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from GBM specimens and in in vitro‐derived macrophages (Mφ) from healthy donor (HD) blood monocytes. We found that HO‐1 inhibition abrogated the immunosuppressive activity of both BMDMs and Mφ, and that immunosuppression requires both cell‐to‐cell contact and soluble factors, as HO‐1 inhibition abolished IL‐10 release, and significantly reduced STAT3 activation as well as PD‐L1 expression. Interestingly, not only did HO‐1 inhibition downregulate IDO1 and ARG‐2 gene expression, but also reduced IDO1 enzymatic activity. Moreover, T cell activation status affected PD‐L1 expression and IDO1 activity, which were upregulated in the presence of activated, but not resting, T cells. Our results highlight the crucial role of HO‐1 in the immunosuppressive activity of macrophages in the GBM TME and demonstrate the feasibility of reprogramming them as an alternative therapeutic strategy for restoring immune surveillance.
Occupational exposure to nickel and hexavalent chromium and the risk of lung cancer in a pooled analysis of case‐control studies (SYNERGY)
Authors: Behrens Thomas , Ge Calvin , Vermeulen Roel , Kendzia Benjamin , Olsson Ann , Schüz Joachim , Kromhout Hans , Pesch Beate , Peters Susan , Portengen Lützen , Gustavsson Per , Mirabelli Dario , Guénel Pascal , Luce Danièle , Consonni Dario , Caporaso Neil E. , Landi Maria Teresa , Field John K. , Karrasch Stefan , Wichmann Heinz‐Erich , Siemiatycki Jack , Parent Marie‐Elise , Richiardi Lorenzo , Simonato Lorenzo , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Ahrens Wolfgang , Pohlabeln Hermann , Fernández‐Tardón Guillermo , Zaridze David , McLaughlin John R. , Demers Paul A. , Świątkowska Beata , Lissowska Jolanta , Pándics Tamás , Fabianova Eleonora , Mates Dana , Bencko Vladimir , Foretova Lenka , Janout Vladimír , Boffetta Paolo , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita Bas , Forastiere Francesco , Straif Kurt , Brüning Thomas
Published: September 2022

There is limited evidence regarding the exposure‐effect relationship between lung‐cancer risk and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) or nickel. We estimated lung‐cancer risks in relation to quantitative indices of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and nickel and their interaction with smoking habits. We pooled 14 case‐control studies from Europe and Canada, including 16 901 lung‐cancer cases and 20 965 control subjects. A measurement‐based job‐exposure‐matrix estimated job‐year‐region specific exposure levels to Cr(VI) and nickel, which were linked to the subjects' occupational histories. Odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for study, age group, smoking habits and exposure to other occupational lung carcinogens. Due to their high correlation, we refrained from mutually adjusting for Cr(VI) and nickel independently. In men, ORs for the highest quartile of cumulative exposure to CR(VI) were 1.32 (95% CI 1.19‐1.47) and 1.29 (95% CI 1.15‐1.45) in relation to nickel. Analogous results among women were: 1.04 (95% CI 0.48‐2.24) and 1.29 (95% CI 0.60‐2.86), respectively. In men, excess lung‐cancer risks due to occupational Cr(VI) and nickel exposure were also observed in each stratum of never, former and current smokers. Joint effects of Cr(VI) and nickel with smoking were in general greater than additive, but not different from multiplicative. In summary, relatively low cumulative levels of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and nickel were associated with increased ORs for lung cancer, particularly in men. However, we cannot rule out a combined classical measurement and Berkson‐type of error structure, which may cause differential bias of risk estimates.
Understanding the association between informed choice and long‐term reversible contraception among Ugandan women: Findings from the 2016 Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Dau Hallie , Kakaire Othman , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Nakisige Carolyn , Vidler Marianne , Payne Beth A. , Ogilvie Gina
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To understand the relationship between informed choice and long‐acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use among women aged 15–49 years in Uganda after adjusting for potential confounding.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study uses data from the 2016 Uganda Standard Demographic and Health Survey. Thomas‐Rao corrections to a χ2 test were used for the bivariable analysis. A design‐adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between informed choice and LARC use. Propensity score matching was conducted as a sensitivity analysis.

Results

In all, 3646 women were included in the analysis and 975 reported using a LARC. In the design‐adjusted multivariable analysis, the odds of reporting LARC usage were 1.98 (95% confidence interval 1.61–2.43) times higher among women who reported informed choice compared with those who did not. The subsequent propensity score analysis reported similar findings.

Conclusion

Providing informed choice can help to increase the number of women who use LARC in Uganda. As such, the Ugandan Ministry of Health should further expand access to family planning counseling as it could contribute to the reduction of unplanned pregnancies across Uganda with the use of LARC.
The growing field of immunometabolism and exercise: Key findings in the last 5 years
Authors: Padilha Camila S. , Von Ah Morano Ana E. , Krüger Karsten , Rosa‐Neto José C. , Lira Fabio S.
Published: September 2022

This perspective review highlights the impact of physical exercise on immunometabolic responses in the past 5 years. Understanding immunometabolism as a part of immunological research is essential. Furthermore, the roles of both acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on health, aging, and chronic diseases in immunometabolic changes should be elaborated. In immune cells, β2 adrenergic signaling stimulates the preferential mobilization of inflammatory phenotypes, such as CD16+ monocytes and CD8+ T cells, into the bloodstream after a physical exercise session. The mobilization of immune cells is closely related to the availability of energetic substrates for the cell and mechanisms associated with the uptake and oxidation of fatty acids and glucose. These cells, especially senescent T cells, are mobilized to the peripheral tissues and undergo apoptotic signaling, stimulating the creation of a “vacant space” where new cells will be matured and replaced in the circulation. This results in the upregulation of the expression and secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐10 and IL‐1ra), leading to increased regulatory immune cells that provide immunoregulatory properties. Thus, we suggest that a significant nutrient available to the cell will favor oxidative metabolism, augment ATP production, and consequently maintain the immune cells in their quiescent state, as well as promote rapid activation function. Therefore, based on the studies discussed in this perspective review, we highlight the importance of performing moderate‐intensity continuous and high‐intensity intermittent aerobic exercises, due to a higher magnitude of energetic demand and release of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and IL‐10).
Maintaining a strong rural dental workforce
Authors: Reinhardt John W. , Moncrief Kathryn Q. , Koch Jade E. J. , Samson Kaeli K. , Yu Fang
Published: September 2022

Aims

This study was designed to examine demographics of University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry graduates over a recent 10‐year period and factors related to their choice of rural or urban practice. Findings were compared to similar previous studies to analyze trends.

Methods

Using data from the annual Health Professions Tracking Service 2019 Dentistry Profile survey, we examined the demographic information of 169 graduates from 2009 to 2018 practicing in Nebraska at the end of 2018. We analyzed factors such as rural or urban high school graduation, gender, and other background information to explore associations with their 2018 practice location (urban vs. rural) using chi‐square tests and logistic regression.

Results

This study found that some demographic variables were associated with future practice location. Specifically, a higher proportion of graduates of rural high schools chose to work in a rural location (60%) relative to those who graduated from an urban high school (18%) (p < 0.0001). A higher proportion of men (50%) selected rural practice compared to women (33%) (p = 0.02). Only 17 graduates who attended high school outside of Nebraska stayed to practice in Nebraska, and there was a lower proportion of these graduates working in rural locations (18%) relative to in‐state high school graduates (45%) (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

We found significant positive associations between dentists who chose rural practice and demographic factors such as being rural high school graduates, male, and in‐state predental residents. Our findings differ from descriptive results of similar previous studies.
Mobile virtual tooth morphology teaching environment for preclinical dental students
Authors: Liebermann Anja , Seefelder Julia K. , Huth Karin C. , Erdelt Kurt
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Extended reality as an additional digital learning concept comprises virtual reality (VR), augmented reality, and mixed reality. In particular, VR allows an interaction in the virtual world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the students’ attitude toward a mobile VR application for teaching tooth morphologies.

Methods

Eighty‐two first year dental students were enrolled. After using the VR learning environment with mobile VR glasses at home for 1 week, the students were asked to fill in a questionnaire with 21 questions regarding intuitive handling, and supplemental learning information in comparison to the use of conventional textbooks. Nine questions provided predefined answer options, another nine had the form of a visual analog scale (VAS, range 0%‐highly negative to 100%‐highly positive), and three allowed free text answers. The data were checked for normal distribution (Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test) and was analyzed descriptively.

Results

Forty‐four percent of the students rated their perception of understanding of dental morphologies much better with VR than with conventional learning. The potential of the VR learning environment for further dental topics was assessed with a median VAS score of 75.8%. Its intuitive handling was evaluated with a median VAS score of 67.1%. The haptic, visual, and auditory supplemental learning information was consistently rated positively with VAS scores of 73.9%, 80.0%, and 71.6%, respectively. Overall, a majority of the students (85.5%) recommended the VR learning environment for dental morphology.

Conclusions

The VR dental learning environment allows dental students an additional learning opportunity of dental morphologies, recommended by more than 85% of students.
A strengthening of the spectral chromatic critical edge theorem: Books and theta graphs
Authors: Zhai Mingqing , Lin Huiqiu
Published: September 2022

A graph is color‐critical if it contains an edge whose removal reduces its chromatic number. Let be the Turán graph with vertices and parts. Given a graph , let be the Turán number of . Simonovits' chromatic critical edge theorem states that if is color‐critical with , then there exists an such that and the Turán graph is the only extremal graph provided . Nikiforov proved a spectral chromatic critical edge theorem. It asserts that if is color‐critical and , then there exists an (which is exponential with ) such that and is the only extremal graph provided , where is the spectral radius of and . In addition, if is either a complete graph or an odd cycle, then is linear with . A book graph is a set of triangles sharing a common edge and a theta graph is a graph which consists of two vertices connected by three internally disjoint paths with length one, two, and . Notice that both and are color‐critical. In this article, we prove that if , then contains a book with unless . Similarly, we prove that if , then contains a theta graph with for odd and for even unless . Our results imply that in the spectral chromatic critical edge theorem is linear with for book graphs and theta graphs. Our result for book graphs can be viewed as a spectral version of an Erdős conjecture (1962) stating that every ‐vertex graph with contains a book graph with Moreover, our result for theta graphs yields that every graph with contains a cycle of length for each . This is related to an open question by Nikiforov (2008) which asks for the maximum such that every graph of large enough order with contains a cycle of length for every .
Measuring progress towards reaching zero new HIV acquisitions among key populations in Québec (Canada) using routine surveillance data: a mathematical modelling study
Authors: Doyle Carla M. , Cox Joseph , Milwid Rachael M. , Bitera Raphaël , Delaunay Charlotte Lanièce , Alary Michel , Lambert Gilles , Tremblay Cécile , Mishra Sharmistha , Maheu‐Giroux Mathieu
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Men who have sex with men (MSM) and people who inject drugs (PWID) are disproportionately impacted by the HIV epidemic in Canada. Having the second‐highest provincial diagnosis rate, an improved understanding of the epidemic among these populations in Québec could aid ongoing elimination efforts. We estimated HIV incidence and other epidemic indicators among MSM and PWID in Montréal and across Québec using a back‐calculation model synthesizing surveillance data.

Methods

We developed a deterministic, compartmental mathematical model stratified by age, HIV status and disease progression, and clinical care stages. Using AIDS and HIV diagnoses data, including self‐reported time since the last negative test and laboratory results of CD4 cell count at diagnosis, we estimated HIV incidence in each population over 1975–2020 by modelling a cubic M‐spline. The prevalence, undiagnosed fraction, fraction diagnosed that started antiretroviral treatment (ART) and median time to diagnosis were also estimated. Since the COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted testing, we excluded 2020 data and explored this in sensitivity analyses.

Results

HIV incidence in all populations peaked early in the epidemic. In 2020, an estimated 97 (95% CrI: 33–227) and 266 (95% CrI: 103–508) HIV acquisitions occurred among MSM in Montréal and Québec, respectively. Among PWID, we estimated 2 (95% CrI: 0–14) and 6 (95% CrI: 1–26) HIV acquisitions in those same regions. With 2020 data, unless testing rates were reduced by 50%, these estimates decreased, except among Québec PWID, whose increased. Among all, the median time to diagnosis shortened to <2 years before 2020 and the undiagnosed fraction decreased to <10%. This fraction was higher in younger MSM, with 22% of 15–24 year‐olds living with HIV in Montréal (95% CrI: 9–39%) and 31% in Québec (95% CrI: 17–48%) undiagnosed by 2020 year‐end. Finally, ART access neared 100% in all diagnosed populations.

Conclusions

HIV incidence has drastically decreased in MSM and PWID across Québec, alongside significant improvements in diagnosis and treatment coverage—and the 2013 introduction of pre‐exposure prophylaxis. Despite this, HIV transmission continued. Effective efforts to halt this transmission and rapidly diagnose people who acquired HIV, especially among younger MSM, are needed to achieve elimination. Further, as the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on HIV transmission are understood, increased efforts may be needed to overcome these.
Zooplankton composition links to climate and salmon survival in a northern temperate fjord
Authors: Keister Julie E. , Herrmann BethElLee , Bos Julia
Published: September 2022

A zooplankton time series from the eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca in the Salish Sea was explored for its relationships to climate variability and survival of Puget Sound salmon populations. Vertical net tows were conducted ~ monthly over the upper 40 m from 2003 to 2018. Species with warm‐water associations that occur year‐round in Puget Sound, and species with cold‐water associations that dominate on the continental shelf during summer upwelling, were important members of the community at different times of year. Shifts in advection from Puget Sound and the coastal ocean were indicated by the abundance of Puget Sound‐dominant copepods Ditrichocorycaeus anglicus and Paracalanus spp. in summer through mid‐fall. In contrast, the coastal upwelling species Pseudocalanus mimus, Calanus marshallae, and Acartia longiremis were most abundant in fall through early spring, despite being the seasons they are least abundant on the continental shelf. Axis 1 of a Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling ordination of the copepod community revealed clear seasonal cycles in community structure and longer‐term variance that correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and local temperatures. Axis 2 correlated to smolt‐to‐adult survival of Puget Sound coho salmon, but not with measured environmental factors. Copepod size composition and biogeographic affinities shifted along that axis. The mechanisms driving the shifts are not clear, but may indicate changes in trophic dynamics, or cryptic responses to environmental changes. These patterns suggest the importance of large‐scale climate influences and local environmental processes that affect estuarine circulation, population growth, and links to economically important fisheries.
Gut and obesity/metabolic disease: Focus on microbiota metabolites
Authors: Lin Ke , Zhu Lixin , Yang Li
Published: September 2022

Obesity is often associated with the risk of chronic inflammation and other metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The composition and activity of the gut microbiota play an important role in this process, affecting a range of physiological processes, such as nutrient absorption and energy metabolism. The active gut microbiota can produce a large number of physiologically active substances during the process of intestinal metabolism and reproduction, including short‐chain/long‐chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites with beneficial effects on metabolism, as well as negative metabolites, including trimethylamine N‐oxide, delta‐valerobetaine, and imidazole propionate. How gut microbiota specifically affect and participate in metabolic and immune activities, especially the metabolites directly produced by gut microbiota, has attracted extensive attention. So far, some animal and human studies have shown that gut microbiota metabolites are correlated with host obesity, energy metabolism, and inflammation. Some pathways and mechanisms are slowly being discovered. Here, we will focus on the important metabolites of gut microbiota (beneficial and negative), and review their roles and mechanisms in obesity and related metabolic diseases, hoping to provide a new perspective for the treatment and remission of obesity and other metabolic diseases from the perspective of metabolites.
An exact quadratic programming approach based on convex reformulation for seru scheduling problems
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Song Xiaoling , Gong Xue , Yin Yong , Lev Benjamin , Zhou Xiaoyang
Published: September 2022

Motivated by a practical production scheduling problem at a factory, this article studies scheduling problems in seru production system (SPS). Seru is a relatively new‐type production mode originating in Japan and has brought inspiring benefits to production practice. Following the just‐in‐time philosophy of SPS, the objective of seru scheduling problem is to minimize the sum of earliness and tardiness penalties. Two common due date types of job are considered, and the seru scheduling problem is formulated as a 0–1 quadratic programming model with linear constraints that is then reformulated using convex reformulation methods to ensure convexity. Computational experiments are implemented. Experimental results indicate that the proposed exact solution method can obtain approximate optimal solutions efficiently and effectively for seru scheduling problems.
A smartphone application to improve adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation after bariatric surgery
Authors: Spetz Kristina , Hult Mari , Olbers Torsten , Bonn Stephanie , Svedjeholm Sanna , Lagerros Ylva Trolle , Andersson Ellen
Published: September 2022

Objective

This trial evaluated a smartphone application's effectiveness in improving adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation postoperatively.

Methods

This study was a randomized controlled trial comprising 140 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy). Participants were randomized 1:1 to the 12‐week intervention, using the smartphone application PromMera, or to standard care. The primary end point was adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation.

Results

Initiation rate and overall adherence to supplementation were high in both groups. Change in objectively measured adherence rate from before the intervention to 1 year post surgery, measured with pharmacy refill data, did not differ between groups for vitamin B12 (−9.6% [SD = 27%] vs. −9.3% [SD = 30%]; p = 0.48) or calcium/vitamin D (−12.3% [SD = 29%] vs. −11.5% [SD = 32%]; p = 0.44). A modest effect on the secondary end point (subjectively measured adherence, using the Medication Adherence Report Scale‐5) was seen immediately after the intervention (intervention group 0.00 [SD = 1.3] vs. control group −1.2 [SD = 3.5]; p = 0.021), but this effect did not persist 1 year post surgery. No differences were detected in the prevalence of biochemical deficiencies.

Conclusions

The use of the smartphone application PromMera did not obtain a lasting improvement in adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation 1 year post bariatric surgery.
Role of carbonaceous fillers in electromagnetic interference shielding behavior of polymeric composites: A review
Authors: Devi G. , Priya R. , Tapas Bapu B. R. , Thandaiah Prabu R , Sathish Kumar P. J. , Anusha N.
Published: September 2022

In this review, the EMI shielding properties of the various carbonaceous fillers are thoroughly reviewed. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) had been a cause of major concern in the live broadcasting, entertainment, aviation and defense industries since vital radio signals could create more interference, which could lead to poor performance. To reduce the effect of EMI, the organic polymeric composites along with the carbonaceous fillers are mostly used since they are flexible, low denser, high mechanical strength, high thermo‐stability, high electrical and thermal conductivity, excellent fracture toughness, and high friction/wear resistance. There are lot of carbon based materials are being used as EMI shielding material in mono and compound form. This review gives a broad understanding of the utilization of carbonaceous fillers in polymer matrixes. Thus, the overall coverage on this carbon based materials and their effectiveness could help the researchers to find right carbon material for suitable application. According to this review, the absorption mechanism is vital to achieve high EMI shielding effect. The fillers such as graphene and CNTs are most preferable EMI shielding filler, according to the vast coverage of previous articles. However, there are more magnetoelectric materials also evolved recently, having combined properties of both conductive and magnetic, yielding high SE at elevated frequencies.
Thermoset nanocomposites reinforced by vinyl‐functionalized halloysite
Authors: Bekin Acar Seda , Ozdemir Kevser , Raihane Mustapha , Lahcini Mohammed , Tasdelen Mehmet Atilla
Published: September 2022

In the current study, naturally occurring halloysite nanotube (HNT) is first modified by vinyltriethoxysilane to obtain vinyl‐functionalized HNT (HNT‐Vinyl). Subsequently, the HNT‐Vinyl is added as nanofiller by varying weight from 0 to 8% in the presence of multifunctional methacrylates (bisphenol A‐dimethacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate). Free radical photocrosslinking polymerization of these materials provides the in‐situ formation of HNT/thermoset nanocomposites. Comparison of characteristic bands of the nanocomposite components by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the presence and covalent bonding of HNT nanofiller in the thermoset matrix. Thermal properties of obtained HNT/thermoset nanocomposites have been compared with neat thermoset as a reference sample using thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the existence and dispersion of nanofillers in the nanocomposites have been proved by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The HNT nanofiller has been detected as agglomerated/non‐agglomerated morphology in the thermoset matrix. On the other hand, the addition of HNT‐Vinyl to the thermoset matrix has improved the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Especially, a dramatic increase on tensile strength values has been determined with 4% HNT‐Vinyl loading. Tensile strength and elastic modulus values of the corresponding nanocomposite are 4.9 and 1.5 times higher than those of the neat thermoset.
A case report of nonsurgical idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus differentiated from Alzheimer's dementia: Levetiracetam was effective in symptomatic epilepsy
Authors: Ishida Tetsuro , Murayama Tomonori , Kobayashi Seiju
Published: September 2022

Background

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a common form of dementia that causes gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. iNPH is a “treatable dementia” that can be treated with shunt surgery, but this can be ineffective in some cases and can be accompanied by complications. As a result, many patients with iNPH do not undergo surgery. However, there is insufficient evidence on effective treatments other than surgical therapy.

Case Presentation

A 75‐year‐old woman presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of cognitive decline. She showed reduced motivation and inactivity. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a high score on the Evans Index (maximum width between bilateral lateral ventricular anterior horns/maximum intracranial cavity in the same slice). The subarachnoid space was enlarged at and below the Sylvian fissure, and narrowed at the higher arcuate region. She was diagnosed with iNPH. However, no shunt surgery was performed; 11 months later, she had a generalized convulsive seizure with loss of consciousness. An electroencephalogram showed generalized epileptic discharges. The possibility of surgery for her iNPH was ruled out. Levetiracetam prevented seizure recurrence and cognitive functions such as spontaneity and motivation were improved.

Conclusion

It is often assumed that surgery is the only effective treatment for patients with iNPH. However, as in the present case, symptomatic epileptic seizures may be a factor in dementia. Even in the absence of surgical treatment, we should examine the cause of dementia in patients with iNPH and consider pharmacological treatment, including antiepileptic drugs.
In Situ Measurement of the Fragmentation Behavior of Al/PTFE Reactive Materials Subjected to Explosive Loading, Part 2: Fragment Velocity and Trajectory Measurements
Authors: Palmer Sean , Youngblood Stewart , Kimberley Jamie , Hargather Michael J.
Published: September 2022

High‐speed optical diagnostics and image analysis methods are applied to implement an automated Kalman filter based tracking technique to measure fragment size, velocity, and trajectories for studying the fragmentation behavior of explosively launched Al/PTFE cylinders. Bivariate histograms of equivalent spherical diameters of fragments greater than 1 mm and their corresponding velocities are presented to describe the explosively‐driven fragmentation behavior of several Al/PTFE specimens. Spatial cross‐correlation of fragments is also implemented to optically determine, from high‐fidelity high‐speed images, the spatial distribution of fragment trajectories inside the diagnostic section. Sizes determined from the Kalman filter based tracking process are compared with the sizes determined from the high‐fidelity measurements in Part 1. Similarly, the velocities of discretely tracked fragments are compared to velocity estimates from the bulk fragment displacement calculated using a phase correlation routine.
Enhanced and sustained pesticidal activity of a graphene‐based pesticide delivery system against the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Luo Yi , Jiang Xuefeng , Sun Guangjun , Song Saijie , Yang Maofa , Shen Jian
Published: September 2022

Background

Traditional abamectin (Abm) formulations have several shortcomings, such as low water solubility, burst release behavior, poor photostability, and short persistence periods, which decrease their pesticidal activity and the risks they pose to the environment. Nanomaterial‐based pesticide delivery systems (PDSs) provide new strategies for the efficient and safe application of pesticides. Here, we developed Abm‐loaded graphene oxide (Abm/GO) as a PDS for the sustained release of Abm, which shows enhanced control efficacy against Plutella xylostella.

Results

The hydrophobic Abm molecule was effectively loaded on GO nanocarrier by a physisorption method, which formed a uniform and stable Abm/GO nanoformulation. GO possesses high adsorption capacity and can effectively load Abm. The Abm/GO nanoformulation shows enhanced water dispersion stability and can remain stable during a 2‐year storage period in contrast to the water‐insoluble Abm. In addition, the Abm/GO nanoformulation exhibits sustained pesticide release behavior and possesses significantly improved anti‐ultraviolet properties. Thus, the Abm/GO nanoformulation shows superior pesticidal activity compared with Abm. Abm/GO showed negligible toxicity to maize seedlings, and its GO nanocarrier can reduce the cytotoxicity of Abm to A549 cells.

Conclusion

GO‐based PDSs can effectively overcome the disadvantages of traditional pesticides, such as their insolubility, burst release behavior, instability, and short persistence period. GO shows much future promise in agriculture in light of its industrialization potential. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Molecular Organosulphur, Organoselenium and Organotellurium Complexes as Homogeneous Transition Metal Catalytic Systems for Suzuki Coupling
Authors: Arora Aayushi , Oswal Preeti , Sharma Deepali , Tyagi Anupma , Purohit Suraj , Sharma Pankaj , Kumar Arun
Published: September 2022

During last two decades, researchers have employed organochalcogen compounds as ligands for the development of pre‐formed chalcogen ligated molecular complexes. During 2013–2020, various chalcogen containing homogenous catalytic systems for Suzuki Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction have been synthesized. The review provides insights into the synthetic methodologies for the preparation of organochalcogen ligands and their transition metal complexes. Another central aspect discussed is the application of such catalytic systems in Suzuki Miyaura coupling. Rationalization about the effect of temperature, substrate scope, organoborane derivatives and aryl halides employed has been elaborated. Effect of binding mode, ligand framework, chalcogen donor atom, metal and many other aspects that influence the catalytic potential of various systems have also been covered. Various other aspects such as green catalysis, use of non‐conventional energy sources have also been analyzed.
Functionalization of Sulfonic Acid to Sulfonic Ester Using Diazo Compound under Mild Reaction Conditions in the Absence of Additives
Authors: Ahmad Khan Hilal , Wotsa Vikiho , Sivasankar Chinnapan
Published: September 2022

Sulfonate esters are important owing to their special bioactivities. Nevertheless, severe reaction conditions, use of expensive catalysts along with additives and the numerous side reactions in the previously reported methods demand the development of valid approaches for the synthesis of aryl sulfonate esters. Herein, we report a facile synthetic strategy utilizing the VIVbased catalyst for the carbene insertion into the O−H bond of sulfonic acids to afford sulfonate esters up to 90 % yield under mild reaction conditions. All the synthesized sulfonate esters were fully characterized by using standard spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as NMR, IR, ESI‐MS and single crystal XRD analysis.
Vacancy‐induced LaMnO3 Perovskite as Bifunctional Air‐breathing Electrode for Rechargeable Lithium‐Air Battery
Authors: Devi Vaithiyanathan Sankar , Athika Mattath , Elumalai Perumal
Published: September 2022

Development of cost‐effective efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts is indispensable for commercialization of metal‐air batteries. Here, vacancy‐induced nanostructured LaMnO3 perovskite was generated by a facile hydrothermal method and explored as a bifunctional air‐breathing electrode for rechargeable Lithium‐Air battery. Materials characterizations confirmed the formation of the nanostructured LaMnO3 with anion and cation vacancies. The LaMnO3 electrocatalyst on rotating ring disc electrode study showed excellent oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction activities in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. The oxygen vacancies associated with the LaMnO3 acted as catalyst centre and promoted reaction rate for the ORR and OER. Laboratory prototype CR‐2032 air‐coin cell was fabricated using the LaMnO3 as air‐breathing electrode, resulted open circuit voltage 3.3 V for more than 5 days and high discharge capacity of 3100 mA h g−1 at current density of 50 mA g−1. Further, once charged air‐coin cell could power an LED for more than 24 h continuously.
Design, Docking, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Nicotinohydrazone Derivatives as Potential Butyrylcholinesterase Enzyme Inhibitor
Authors: Esmer Yusuf İslam , Çınar Ercan , Başaran Eyüp
Published: September 2022

In this research, some new heterocyclic hydrazone compounds bearing an aryl sulfonate moiety (2 a–i) were facilely synthesized for the first time and elucidated by some spectroscopic techniques (FT‐IR, 1H‐ and 13C NMR). The inhibitory potentials of all synthesized molecules on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase enzymes were investigated. Also, DPPH, ABTS and CUPRAC antioxidant activities of all molecules were examined. In BChE assay, it was determined that 2‐Formylphenyl 4‐chlorobenzenesulfonate (1 a) (IC50=10.45 μM), 5‐(diethylamino)‐2‐formylphenyl 4‐Chlorobenzenesulfonate (1 h) (IC50=10.12 μM), and 1‐((2‐Nicotinoylhydrazono)methyl)naphthalen‐2‐yl 4‐chlorobenzenesulfonate (2 i) (IC50=9.89 μM) were found to be more effective than the standard compound galanthamine and donepezil. In DPPH assay, 2‐((2‐Nicotinoylhydrazono)methyl)phenyl 4‐chlorobenzenesulfonate (2 a) (IC50=361.03 μM) and 5‐Methoxy‐2‐((2‐nicotinoylhydrazono)methyl)phenyl 4‐chlorobenzenesulfonate (2 e) (IC50=348.9 μM) indicated the highest antioxidant activities. On the other hand, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps of compounds 1 a, 1 h, 2 i and galanthamine molecules were investigated. The molecular docking study for BChE enzyme structure was found to be compatible with the experimental results and MEP maps.
Reaction Pathways of Diplatinum Complexes Bearing a Phenylpropene‐ Derived π/σ‐Chelator with Weak/Strong σ‐Donor Neutral Ligands
Authors: Chi Nguyen Thi Thanh , Van Thong Pham , Cuong Ngo Tuan , Van Meervelt Luc
Published: September 2022

The reaction of complexes [Pt(μ‐Cl)(arylolefin)]2 with various either weak σ‐donor LN,S,O ligands or strong σ‐donor NHCs ligands results in [PtCl(arylolefin)(LN,S,O)] with LN,S,O in a cis position to the C=C group (series A) or [PtCl(arylolefin)(NHC)] with NHC in a trans position to the C=C group (series B), respectively. The reaction directions are decided by the nature of the reactants, and not by the reaction conditions. Analyses of NMR spectra, XRD and DFT results indicate that the formation of series B is strongly dominated by electronic properties, while steric factors direct the reaction to form series A. The chemical shifts of ethylenic protons and carbons as well as the values of 2JPtH, 3JPtH for the allyl protons and the 3JPtH value for H6 in the aryl group are unambiguously different for series A and series B. In addition, one complex [Pt(μ‐Cl)(EtEug)]2 and five complexes [PtCl(arylolefin)(NHC)] have been characterized by single crystal XRD.
Modification of Nonmetallic Inclusions by Ti and La Complex Treatment in High‐Al Transformation‐Induced Plasticity Steel
Authors: Li Bin , Zhu Hangyu , Zheng Zhihao , Chen Ji , Zhao Jixuan
Published: September 2022

The effect of Ti and La complex treatment on the formation and evolution of inclusions in high‐Al transformation‐induced plasticity steel is investigated by laboratory experiments and thermodynamic calculations, with consideration given to the amount of La added and the sequence of the addition of Ti. The main inclusions are Al2O3 and AlN inclusions before the Ti and La additions. The AlN inclusions are transformed into TiN inclusions with the addition of 0.1 wt% Ti. After the subsequent addition of 0.007 wt% La, the main inclusions are LaAlO3, La2O2S, and TiN. With the addition of 0.06 wt% La to molten steel, the main inclusions are La2O2S, La2S3, and TiN. La may prevent the precipitation of TiN inclusions. Different addition sequences of Ti and La result in the same types of inclusions, with higher La addition. In the case of La addition before Ti, Ti can restrain the formation of La‐containing inclusions, and the number density of inclusions increases.
Toward assessment for playful learning in early childhood: Influences on teachers' science assessment practices
Authors: Guarrella Cristina , van Driel Jan , Cohrssen Caroline
Published: September 2022

In many countries, play is the vehicle for teaching and learning, requiring early childhood teachers to recognize and assess children's demonstrations of knowledge and capabilities as they are displayed during play. In the context of science learning, assessing what children know already, referred to as “assessment for learning,” equips teachers with the knowledge required to make purposeful decisions during these playful experiences and guide children's science process skill development while following their interests. Consistent evidence since the introduction of national quality standards in Australia has identified a need to strengthen teacher capabilities in assessment. This research investigated teachers' assessment practices, and the influences on these practices, during the implementation of a suite of playful science experiences in long day care and preschool settings in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia. Teachers were introduced to the NT Preschool Science Games and were supported to apply an assessment tool designed for the observation and development of science process skills. Adopting a multiple case study approach, semistructured interviews from three cases were thematically analyzed. Our findings demonstrate that despite having specific tools to support assessment for learning these were inconsistently applied. Thematic analysis of semistructured interviews revealed that assessment practice was influenced by contextual influences, affective responses and teaching practice. Unpacking these themes further, we identified that following children's interests was associated with the absence of systematic assessment of scientific thinking to inform planning for learning within the informal curriculum. To support teacher practice in early childhood science, and promote the assessment of children's capabilities within playful learning, we propose a model of Assessment for playful learning.
Leader gender, country culture, and the management of COVID‐19
Authors: Dimitrova‐Grajzl Valentina , Gornick Janelle , Obasanjo Iyabo
Published: September 2022

As early as two months into the COVID‐19 pandemic, popular media started reporting that women leaders, compared to men leaders, were managing COVID‐19 better. This paper empirically examines the impact of women leaders in managing pandemic health outcomes one year after the onset of the pandemic. Further, we consider leader effectiveness within the context of country culture. We find that women's leadership is indeed associated with better containment of the pandemic. We also find that certain country‐level cultural traits play a significant role in pandemic outcomes. More hierarchical societies experience higher COVID‐19 cases and death. Individualistic cultures and masculine cultures are associated with more deaths from the pandemic. Some cultural traits modulate women's ability to manage COVID‐19. Our findings have implications for health policy and provide rationale for promoting gender equity in political leadership.
The Effect of Exogenous Shocks on the Administration of Online Voting: Evidence from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Hayes Helen A. , Goodman Nicole , McGregor R. Michael , Spicer Zachary , Pruysers Scott
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the impact of two exogenous shocks – a 2018 technical incident that took place in Ontario, Canada, and the COVID-19 pandemic – on the administration of local elections in Ontario. Drawing upon survey and focus group data, this paper concludes that these two exogenous shocks affected the perception and adoption of online voting on the municipal level in differential ways. We find that the COVID-19 pandemic had a greater perceived effect upon the decision to adopt online voting than the 2018 technical incident. However, the perceived effects of the 2018 technical incident were just as likely to be felt in unaffected municipalities as they were in those that had been directly affected. Municipalities that had not used online voting in 2018 and medium-sized cities were more negatively affected by the 2018 technical incident. In contrast, the perceived effects of the COVID-19 pandemic did not hinge upon the previous use of online voting, city size, or the urban/rural divide.