bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived privacy risk in the Internet of Things: determinants, consequences, and contingencies in the case of connected cars
Authors: Koester Nils , Cichy Patrick , Antons David , Salge Torsten Oliver
Published: June 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is permeating all areas of life. However, connected devices are associated with substantial risks to users’ privacy, as they rely on the collection and exploitation of personal data. The case of connected cars demonstrates that these risks may be more profound in the IoT than in extant contexts, as both a user's informational and physical space are intruded. We leverage this unique setting to collect rich context-immersive interview (n = 33) and large-scale survey data (n = 791). Our work extends prior theory by providing a better understanding of the formation of users’ privacy risk perceptions, the effect such perceptions have on users’ willingness to share data, and how these relationships in turn are affected by inter-individual differences in individuals’ regulatory focus, thinking style, and institutional trust.
Algorithms for Windowed Aggregations and Joins on Distributed Stream Processing Systems
Authors: Verwiebe Juliane , Grulich Philipp M. , Traub Jonas , Markl Volker
Published: June 2022

Window aggregations and windowed joins are central operators of modern real-time analytic workloads and significantly impact the performance of stream processing systems.

This paper gives an overview of state-of-the-art research in this area conducted by the Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data (BIFOLD) and the Technische Universität Berlin. To this end, we present different algorithms for efficiently processing windowed operators and discuss techniques for distributed stream processing. Recently, several approaches have leveraged modern hardware for windowed stream processing, which we will also include in this overview. Additionally, we describe the integration of windowed operators into various stream processing systems and diverse applications that use specialized window operations.
Small modifications of Mori dream spaces arising from $$\mathbb {C}^*$$-actions
Authors: Occhetta Gianluca , Romano Eleonora A. , Solá Conde Luis E. , Wiśniewski Jarosław A.
Published: June 2022

We link small modifications of projective varieties with a$${\mathbb {C}}^*$$C∗-action to their GIT quotients. Namely, using flips with centers in closures of Białynicki-Birula cells, we produce a system of birational equivariant modifications of the original variety, which includes those on which a quotient map extends from a set of semistable points to a regular morphism. The structure of the modifications is completely described for the blowup along the sink and the source of smooth varieties with Picard number one with a$${\mathbb {C}}^*$$C∗-action which has no finite isotropy for any point. Examples can be constructed upon homogeneous varieties with a$${\mathbb {C}}^*$$C∗-action associated to short grading of their Lie algebras.
Solubility of Calcined Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, and Illite in High Molar NaOH and Suitability as Precursors for Geopolymers
Authors: Werling Nadja , Kaltenbach Jonas , Weidler Peter G. , Schuhmann Rainer , Dehn Frank , Emmerich Katja
Published: June 2022

Clays and clay minerals dissolve over a broad pH range, such as during sediment diagenesis and in a variety of applications, including nuclear waste storage, landfills, and geopolymer binders in the construction industry. The solubility depends on process parameters (pH, temperature, pressure, etc.) and material properties (phase content, clay mineral composition, particle size, etc.). Pretreatments such as calcination or severe grinding change the material properties and could enhance solubility, which is called activation. The aim of the current study was to determine the solubility of three different clay minerals after calcination (metakaolinite, metamontmorillonite, and metaillite) in high molar alkaline solutions (NaOH) up to 10.79 mol/L and pH = 14.73. Furthermore, the solubility of an Al(OH)3 powder in alkaline solution (NaOH) was analyzed, as it can be used to adjust the Si:Al ratio of geopolymer precursors. The residues of the clay minerals after the alkaline treatment were investigated to disclose potential alterations in their phase contents. Based on the results of the thermal and alkaline activation, conclusions about the suitability as geopolymer precursors were made. All clay minerals showed an increase in solubility proportional to the concentration of the alkaline solution. The solubility decreased in the order metakaolinite > metamontmorillonite > metaillite. Thereby, dissolution was incomplete for all three clay minerals (<90%) after 7 days and congruent for metakaolinite and metaillite but incongruent for metamontmorillonite.
Tunguska
Authors: Bruno Andy
Published: June 2022

In 1908, thunderous blasts and blazing fires from the sky descended upon the desolate Tunguska territory of Siberia. The explosion knocked down an area of forest larger than London and was powerful enough to obliterate Manhattan. The mysterious nature of the event has prompted a wide array of speculation and investigation, including from those who suspected that aliens from outer space had been involved. In this deeply researched account of the Tunguska explosion and its legacy in Russian society, culture, and the environment, Andy Bruno recounts the intriguing history of the disaster and researchers' attempts to understand it. Taking readers inside the numerous expeditions and investigations that have long occupied scientists, he foregrounds the significance of mystery in environmental history. His engaging and accessible account shows how the explosion has shaped the treatment of the landscape, how uncertainty allowed unusual ideas to enter scientific conversations, and how cosmic disasters have influenced the past and might affect the future.
Headlong Hall
Authors: Peacock Thomas Love
Published: June 2022

Thomas Love Peacock (1785‒1866) is one of the most distinctive prose satirists of the Romantic period. The Cambridge Edition of the Novels of Thomas Love Peacock offers the first complete text of these works to appear for more than half a century. Headlong Hall (1816), Peacock's earliest work of dialogic and satirical fiction, was the most popular of his tales during his lifetime and considered his signature novel. An episodic plot and a country house setting provide the framework for a sparkling intellectual comedy that embraces music, gastronomy, philosophy, politics, craniology, painting, and landscape gardening. This edition supplies an authoritative text and a comprehensive introduction tracing the genesis, composition, publication, reception, and revision of the novel. Extensive explanatory notes throw light on the Welsh backdrop to the fiction as well as on the literary, political, social, and intellectual contexts of Peacock's innovative topical satire.
Challenges Created by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Disaster Management Perspectives
Authors: Tanner Thomas E. , Davis Nichole R. , Kaziny Brent D. , Endom Erin E. , Sampayo Esther M.
Published: June 2022

Objective:

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has presented unique challenges to pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) departments. The purpose of this study was to identify these challenges and ascertain how centers overcame barriers in creating solutions to continue to provide high-quality care and keep their workforce safe during the early pandemic.

Methods:

This is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with physicians in leadership positions who have disaster or emergency management experience. Participants were identified through purposive sampling. Interviews were recorded and transcribed electronically. Themes and codes were extracted from the transcripts by 2 independent coders. Constant comparison analysis was performed until thematic saturation was achieved. Member-checking was completed to ensure trustworthiness.

Results:

Fourteen PEM-trained physicians participated in this study. Communication, leadership and planning, clinical practice, and personal adaptations were the principal themes identified. Recommendations elicited include improving communication strategies; increasing emergency department (ED) representation within hospital-wide incident command; preparing for a surge and accepting adult patients; personal protective equipment supply and usage; developing testing strategies; and adaptations individuals made to their practice to keep themselves and their families safe.

Conclusions:

By sharing COVID-19 experiences and offering solutions to commonly encountered problems, pediatric EDs may be better prepared for future pandemics.
Unified signature cumulants and generalized Magnus expansions
Authors: Friz Peter K. , Hager Paul P. , Tapia Nikolas
Published: June 2022

The signature of a path can be described as its full non-commutative exponential. Following T. Lyons, we regard its expectation, theexpected signature, as a path space analogue of the classical moment generating function. The logarithm thereof, taken in the tensor algebra, defines thesignature cumulant. We establish a universal functional relation in a general semimartingale context. Our work exhibits the importance of Magnus expansions in the algorithmic problem of computing expected signature cumulants and further offers a far-reaching generalization of recent results on characteristic exponents dubbed diamond and cumulant expansions with motivations ranging from financial mathematics to statistical physics. From an affine semimartingale perspective, the functional relation may be interpreted as a type of generalized Riccati equation.
Shokurov’s conjecture on conic bundles with canonical singularities
Authors: Han Jingjun , Jiang Chen , Luo Yujie
Published: June 2022

A conic bundle is a contraction$X\to Z$between normal varieties of relative dimension$1$such that$-K_X$is relatively ample. We prove a conjecture of Shokurov that predicts that if$X\to Z$is a conic bundle such thatXhas canonical singularities andZis$\mathbb {Q}$-Gorenstein, thenZis always$\frac {1}{2}$-lc, and the multiplicities of the fibres over codimension$1$points are bounded from above by$2$. Both values$\frac {1}{2}$and$2$are sharp. This is achieved by solving a more general conjecture of Shokurov on singularities of bases of lc-trivial fibrations of relative dimension$1$with canonical singularities.
Monkeypox transmission following exposure in healthcare facilities in nonendemic settings: Low risk but limited literature
Authors: Zachary Kimon C. , Shenoy Erica S.
Published: June 2022

Transmission risk of monkeypox in healthcare settings outside endemic regions has not been well defined. A rapid review of the literature, including cases outside monkeypox-endemic regions from 2000 to 2022 identified a single reported case of transmission. Available literature is limited by nonstandardized exposure definitions and limited detail describing exposures.
Passive scalar transport in Couette flow
Authors: Yerragolam Guru Sreevanshu , Stevens Richard J.A.M. , Verzicco Roberto , Lohse Detlef , Shishkina Olga
Published: June 2022

A scaling theory for the passive scalar transport in Couette flow, i.e. the flow between two parallel plates moving with different velocities, is proposed. This flow is determined by the bulk Reynolds number

$Re_b$

and the Prandtl number

$Pr$

. In the turbulent regime, for moderate shear Reynolds number

$Re_{\tau }$

and moderate

$Pr$

, we derive that the passive scalar transport characterised by the Nusselt number

$Nu$

scales as

$Nu \sim Pr^{1/2}Re_{\tau }^{2}Re_b^{-1}$

. We then use the well-established scaling for the friction coefficient

$C_f \sim Re_b^{-1/4}$

(corresponding to a shear Reynolds number

$Re_{\tau } \sim Re_b^{7/8}$

) which holds reasonably well within the range

$3\times 10^{3} \leqslant Re_b \leqslant 10^{5}$

, to obtain

$Nu \sim Pr^{1/2}Re_b^{3/4}$

for the Nusselt number scaling. The theoretical results are tested against direct numerical simulations of Couette flows for the parameter ranges

$81 \leqslant Re_b \leqslant 22361$

and

$0.1 \leqslant Pr \leqslant 10$

, finding good agreement. Analyses of the numerically obtained turbulent flow fields confirm logarithmic mean wall-parallel profiles of the velocity and the passive scalar in the inertial sublayer.
Formation of dry granular fronts and watery tails in debris flows
Authors: Meng Xiannan , Johnson C.G. , Gray J.M.N.T.
Published: June 2022

Debris flows are particle–fluid mixtures that pose a significant hazard to many communities throughout the world. Bouldery debris flows are often characterised by a deep dry granular flow front, which is followed by a progressively thinner and increasingly watery tail. The formation of highly destructive bouldery wave fronts is usually attributed to particle-size segregation. However, the moving-bed flume experiments of Davies (N. Z. J. Hydrol., vol. 29, 1990, pp. 18–46) show that discrete surges with dry fronts and watery tails also form in monodisperse particle–fluid mixtures. These observations motivate the development of a new depth-averaged mixture theory for debris flows, which explicitly takes account of the differing granular and phreatic surfaces, velocity shear, and relative motion between grains and fluid to explain these phenomena. The theory consists of four coupled conservation laws that describe the spatial and temporal evolution of the grain and water thicknesses and depth-averaged velocities. This system enables travelling wave solutions to be constructed that consist of (i) a large amplitude dry flow front that smoothly transitions to (ii) an undersaturated body, (iii) an oversaturated region and then (iv) a pure water tail. It is shown that these solutions are in good quantitative agreement with Davies’ experiments at high bed speeds and slope inclinations. At lower bed speeds and inclinations, the theory produces travelling wave solutions that connect to a steady-uniform upstream flow, and may or may not have a bulbous flow front, consistent with Davies’ observations.
Grain-resolving simulations of submerged cohesive granular collapse
Authors: Zhu Rui , He Zhiguo , Zhao Kunpeng , Vowinckel Bernhard , Meiburg Eckart
Published: June 2022

We investigate the submerged collapse of weakly polydisperse, loosely packed cohesive granular columns, as a function of aspect ratio and cohesive force strength, via grain-resolving direct numerical simulations. The cohesive forces act to prevent the detachment of individual particles from the main body of the collapsing column, reduce its front velocity, and yield a shorter and thicker final deposit. All of these effects can be captured accurately across a broad range of parameters by piecewise power-law relationships. The cohesive forces reduce significantly the amount of available potential energy released by the particles. For shallow columns, the particle and fluid kinetic energy decreases for stronger cohesion. For tall columns, on the other hand, moderate cohesive forces increase the maximum particle kinetic energy, since they accelerate the initial free-fall of the upper column section. Only for larger cohesive forces does the peak kinetic energy of the particles decrease. Computational particle tracking indicates that the cohesive forces reduce the mixing of particles within the collapsing column, and it identifies the regions of origin of those particles that travel the farthest. The simulations demonstrate that cohesion promotes aggregation and the formation of aggregates. Furthermore, they provide complete information on the temporally and spatially evolving network of cohesive and direct contact force bonds. While the normal contact forces are aligned primarily in the vertical direction, the cohesive bonds adjust their preferred spatial orientation throughout the collapse. They result in a net macroscopic stress that counteracts deformation and slows the spreading of the advancing particle front.
A new needle nematode,Longidorus maginicusn. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from southern Spain
Authors: Liébanas G. , Clavero-Camacho I. , Cantalapiedra-Navarrete C. , Guerrero P. , Palomares-Rius J.E. , Castillo P. , Archidona-Yuste A.
Published: June 2022

During nematode surveys in natural vegetation in Sierra Mágina, Jaén province, southern Spain, aLongidorusspecies closely resemblingLongidorus carpetanensiswas found, but application of integrative taxonomic approaches clearly demonstrated that it is a new species described herein asLongidorus maginicusn. sp. The new species is amphimictic, characterized by a moderately long body (4.2–5.2 mm); lip region anteriorly flattened, slightly separated from the rest of body by a depression, 9.0–11.0 μm wide and 3.5–6.0 μm high; amphidial fovea not lobed; relatively short odontostyle (61.0–70.5 μm); guiding ring located 23.5–27.0 μm from anterior end; vulva located at 42.0%–51.3% of body length; female tail 39.0–61.0 μm long, conoid, dorsally convex with rounded terminus (c′ = 1.3–2.1), with two or three pairs of caudal pores; and males common (1:2 ratio males:females), with moderately long spicules (39.0–48.5 μm) and 1 + 6–9 ventromedian supplements and three juvenile developmental stages. According to the polytomous key, codes for the new species are (codes in parentheses are exceptions): A2-B1-C2-D2-E1-F2(3)-G2-H5(4)-I2-J1-K6. The results of molecular analysis of D2–D3 28S, internal transcribed spacer region, partial 18S rDNA, and cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (coxI) gene sequences further characterized the new species status, and separated it fromL. carpetanensisand other related species.
Condition C in German A′-movement: Tackling challenges in experimental research on reconstruction
Authors: SALZMANN MARTIN , WIERZBA MARTA , GEORGI DOREEN
Published: June 2022

In recent experimental work, arguments for or against Condition C reconstruction in A′-movement have been based on low/high availability of coreference in sentences with and without A′-movement. We argue that this reasoning is problematic: It involves arbitrary thresholds, and the results are potentially confounded by the different surface orders of the compared structures and non-syntactic factors. We present three experiments with designs that do not require defining thresholds of ‘low’ or ‘high’ coreference values. Instead, we focus on grammatical contrasts (wh-movement vs. relativization, subject vs. object wh-movement) and aim to identify and reduce confounds. The results show that reconstruction for A′-movement of DPs is not very robust in German, contra previous findings. Our results are compatible with the view that the surface order and non-syntactic factors (e.g. plausibility, referential accessibility of an R-expression) heavily influence coreference possibilities. Thus, the data argue against a theory that includes both reconstruction and a hard Condition C constraint. There is a residual contrast between sentences with subject/object movement, which is compatible with an account without reconstruction (and an additional non-syntactic factor) or an account with reconstruction (and a soft Condition C constraint).
Efficient generation of -radiation in a beam-driven thick plasma with oblique density modulation
Authors: Glinskiy V.V. , Timofeev I.V. , Annenkov V.V.
Published: June 2022

Recent experiments on the collective interaction of gigawatt electron beams with plasma at the GOL-PET facility have shown that the power of the electromagnetic radiation at the plasma frequency increases tens of times if the starting plasma is created with quasiperiodic radial density gradients. One of the mechanisms capable of providing highly efficient conversion of an unstable beam-driven wave into an electromagnetic one in the presence of periodic density perturbations is the mechanism of plasma antenna. However, earlier this mechanism was considered only for strictly longitudinal modulation of the plasma density, when its efficiency dropped drastically if the transverse size of the plasma significantly exceeded the radiation wavelength. In this work, based on both analytical theory and particle-in-cell modelling, we will show that the presence of oblique modulation of the plasma density makes the antenna mechanism effective even in a thick plasma, if the long-wavelength satellite of the most unstable beam-driven wave falls into resonance with natural plasma oscillations.
Πνɛῦμα, Genealogical Descent and Things That Do Not Exist according to Paul
Authors: Hewitt J. Thomas
Published: June 2022

Several recent studies have proposed that according to Paul gentiles join Abraham's lineage in a quasi-physiological way by being infused with material πνɛῦμα. This article assesses that proposal, finding it to be an inaccurate description of Paul's language and rationale, and sets forth an alternative proposal based on Romans 4 and Paul's descriptions of baptism. This alternative proposal is that Paul understood the forging of an Abrahamic and divine pedigree for gentiles to be a divine act of creation from nothing, that is concomitant with believers’ proleptic death and resurrection in solidarity with the messiah.
Stigma and its implications for dementia in South Africa: a multi-stakeholder exploratory study
Authors: Jacobs Roxanne , Schneider Marguerite , Farina Nicolas , du Toit Petra , Evans-Lacko Sara
Published: June 2022

Stigma and discrimination in relation to dementia has a range of implications for people living with dementia and their families worldwide, including help-seeking, quality of life, social rejection and isolation. Few studies consider the perceptions and stigma towards dementia from multiple perspectives, such as people living with dementia, carers, general public and health-care workers. South Africa has limited evidence on the stigmatisation of people living with dementia, with responses to people living with dementia being driven by poor understanding of the condition, cultural beliefs about causes and social interaction problems associated with memory and cognitive impairment. This study explored the experiences of stigma among people living with dementia and their carers through understanding their own knowledge, attitudes and beliefs as well as those of the public and health-care workers. Qualitative data (N = 52) were collected across two provinces and in four languages (English, Afrikaans, Sesotho and isiZulu), with semi-structured interviews and focus groups with the following stakeholder groups: people living with dementia and their carers, the general public and health-care workers. Inductive thematic analysis generated themes across stakeholder groups. The study shows that people living with dementia and carers experienced high levels of internalised stigma, related to negative public attitudes, which were associated with high levels of isolation, health system unpreparedness and limited access to support. The study contributes to the evidence base needed in South Africa but also extends its relevance by contributing to a growing global evidence base on stigma and dementia in low- and middle-income contexts.
Delivering person-centred palliative care in long-term care settings: is humanism a quality of health-care employees or their organisations?
Authors: Hunter Paulette V. , McCleary Lynn , Qiao Thomas , Sussman Tamara , Venturato Lorraine , Thompson Genevieve , Wickson-Griffiths Abigail , Kaasalainen Sharon
Published: June 2022

Reflecting on sustained calls for patient-centredness and culture change in long-term care, we evaluated the relative importance of personal and organisational predictors of palliative care, hypothesising the former as weaker predictors than the latter. Health-care employees (N = 184) from four Canadian long-term care homes completed a survey of person-centred care, self-efficacy, employee wellbeing and occupational characteristics. Using backward stepwise regression models, we examined the relative contributions of these variables to person-centred palliative care. Specifically, blocks of variables representing personal, organisational and occupational characteristics; palliative care self-efficacy; and employee wellbeing were simultaneously regressed on variables representing aspects of person-centred care. The change in R2 associated with the removal of each block was examined to determine each block's overall contribution to the model. We found that occupational characteristics (involvement in care planning), employee wellbeing (compassion satisfaction) and self-efficacy were reliably associated with person-centred palliative care (p < 0.05). Facility size was not associated, and facility profit status was less consistently associated. Demographic characteristics (gender, work experience, education level) and some aspects of employee wellbeing (burnout, secondary trauma) were also not reliably associated. Overall, these results raise the possibility that humanistic care is less related to intrinsic characteristics of employees, and more related to workplace factors, or to personal qualities that can be cultivated in the workplace, including meaningful role engagement, compassion and self-efficacy.
Comparison of different registration methods in cone-beam computed tomography for breast boost radiation therapy
Authors: Lastrucci A. , Fedeli L. , Marciello L. , Serventi E. , Segnini S. , Meucci F. , Bernardi L. , Ricci R. , Marzano S.
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

The aim of this study is to compare patient geometrical uncertainties in the treatment of breast boost three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) considering both manual alignment and automatic different registration methods in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:

A total of 85 patients were chosen for this study. A total of 254 registrations of CBCT vs planning computed tomography (CT) were retrospectively performed using automatic registration algorithms from Elekta XVI system (Clipbox and Mask) to detect patient setup uncertainties. All CBCTs were also matched manually by three health professionals. Mean shift values obtained with manual registration performed by health professionals were used as reference. Absolute value of difference between automatic algorithm shifts and reference values shifts was collected for each enrolled patient considering the three different spatial directions (x,
y
,z), and the magnitude was calculated (δm for Mask and δc for Clipbox).

Results:

Data analysis showed a significant difference in δm and δc. t-Test statistics showed a high difference between Mask and Clipbox, in particular mean δm = (1.3 ± 0.1) mm and δc = (3.3 ± 1.2) mm (p-value <0.0001). Mask algorithm was performed in a very similar way with respect to the reference alignment, and the differences between these two procedures were of the order of 1 mm. Clipbox algorithm showed larger differences with manual registration.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that the Mask algorithm may be the optimal choice for patient setup verification in clinical practice for breast boost treatment in 3D-CRT.
ACTIONS OF AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF FREE GROUPS ON SPACES OF JACOBI DIAGRAMS. II
Authors: Katada Mai
Published: June 2022

The automorphism group
$\operatorname {Aut}(F_n)$
of the free group
$F_n$
acts on a space
$A_d(n)$
of Jacobi diagrams of degree d on n oriented arcs. We study the
$\operatorname {Aut}(F_n)$
-module structure of
$A_d(n)$
by using two actions on the associated graded vector space of
$A_d(n)$
: an action of the general linear group
$\operatorname {GL}(n,\mathbb {Z})$
and an action of the graded Lie algebra
$\mathrm {gr}(\operatorname {IA}(n))$
of the IA-automorphism group
$\operatorname {IA}(n)$
of
$F_n$
associated with its lower central series. We extend the action of
$\mathrm {gr}(\operatorname {IA}(n))$
to an action of the associated graded Lie algebra of the Andreadakis filtration of the endomorphism monoid of
$F_n$
. By using this action, we study the
$\operatorname {Aut}(F_n)$
-module structure of
$A_d(n)$
. We obtain an indecomposable decomposition of
$A_d(n)$
as
$\operatorname {Aut}(F_n)$
-modules for
$n\geq 2d$
. Moreover, we obtain the radical filtration of
$A_d(n)$
for
$n\geq 2d$
and the socle of
$A_3(n)$
.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Reactions to Somatic Stress Questionnaire (RSSQ)
Authors: Pfluger Viviane , Fischer Susanne , Maercker Andreas , Thoma Myriam V.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Background: Stress is a ubiquitous phenomenon in modern societies and is often accompanied by somatic sensations and symptoms, such as tension and nausea. Despite the inherent somatic component of stress, research on coping with stress has previously neglected to consider how somatic stress responses (i.e., somatic stress) may affect stress-coping behavior. Aim: To address this gap in the literature, this study introduces the concept of reactions to somatic stress (RSS). It also provides the first psychometric evaluation of the Reactions to Somatic Stress Questionnaire (RSSQ), a novel 16-item questionnaire that assesses hampering and facilitating RSS. Method: The RSSQ and a battery of questionnaires on related constructs were administered via an online survey to N = 265 participants from the general population. Results: Exploratory ( n = 133) and confirmatory ( n = 132) factor analyses yielded two dimensions of the RSSQ: Hampering RSS (RSS-H) and facilitating RSS (RSS-F). Both subscales showed good internal consistency (α = .81–.89). Correlations with body awareness, emotion regulation skills, and beliefs about stress indicated medium to high convergent and discriminant validity. The RSS-H and RSS-F scores significantly predicted maladaptive and adaptive coping behavior, respectively. This association remained stable after controlling for subjective stress and related measures. Limitations: Generalization of the obtained results is limited to healthy individuals. Conclusion: The study supports the theoretical assumptions underlying the RSS concept. The RSSQ suggests a promising way to assess reactions to somatic stress as they relate to coping with stress. The RSSQ could be used for clinical and health psychological testing or interdisciplinary research.
A “Dam” in the Corona May Make the Solar Wind Gain Its Unusual Speeds
Authors: Dasgupta Alakananda
Published: June 2022

A new study supports the idea of a “helicity barrier” influencing the fluctuating stream of interplanetary plasma.
Uncertainty in Projected Changes in Precipitation Minus Evaporation: Dominant Role of Dynamic Circulation Changes and Weak Role for Thermodynamic Changes
Authors: Elbaum Eilat , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Adam Ori , Morin Efrat , Rostkier‐Edelstein Dorita , Dayan Uri
Published: June 2022

End of century projections from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) models show a decrease in precipitation over subtropical oceans that often extends into surrounding land areas, but with substantial intermodel spread. Changes in precipitation are controlled by both thermodynamical and dynamical processes, though the importance of these processes for regional scales and for intermodel spread is not well understood. The contribution of dynamic and thermodynamic processes to the model spread in regional precipitation minus evaporation (P − E) is computed for 48 CMIP models. The intermodel spread is dominated essentially everywhere by the change of the dynamic term, including in most regions where thermodynamic changes drive the multi‐model mean response. The dominant role of dynamic changes is insensitive to zonal averaging which removes any influence of stationary wave changes, and is also evident in subtropical oceanic regions. Relatedly, intermodel spread in P − E is generally unrelated to climate sensitivity.
Opposite Effects of Mineral Dust Nonsphericity and Size on Dust‐Induced Snow Albedo Reduction
Authors: Shi Tenglong , He Cenlin , Zhang Daizhou , Zhang Xuelei , Niu Xiaoying , Xing Yuxuan , Chen Yang , Cui Jiecan , Pu Wei , Wang Xin
Published: June 2022

We quantified the combined effects of mineral dust nonsphericity and size on snow albedo reduction using the MOPSMAP (Modeled optical properties of ensembles of aerosol particles) package and SAMDS (Spectral Albedo Model for Dirty Snow) with the consideration of dust from Sahara, Greenland, San Juan Mountains, and Tibetan Plateau. Results indicate that the dust‐induced albedo reduction decreases by up to 30% as the effective radii of dust particles increase in 1–5 μm. Nonspherical dust enhances snow albedo reduction relative to spherical dust by up to 20%. Stronger enhancements are obtained for higher dust concentration and larger dust size. Furthermore, the dust nonsphericity‐induced enhancement of snow albedo reduction is more pronounced for more‐absorptive dust. Finally, we develop a new parameterization for quantifying the dependence of snow albedo reduction on dust nonsphericity and size, and provide a convenient way for assessing the climate impacts of dust in snow.
An Intrathermocline Eddy Observed in the Northeastern Bay of Bengal
Authors: Zhou Xiwu , Qiu Yun , Lin Xinyu , Teng Hui , Aung Cherry
Published: June 2022

An intrathermocline eddy (ITE) was detected to the northwest of Preparis Channel by in situ measurements in January 2018. The ITE had a horizontal extent of approximately 200 km and a maximum velocity of approximately 60 cm/s at core depths between 75 and 130 m. This ITE was generated by the transformation from a preexisting surface‐intensified anticyclonic eddy (SAE). The blocking of the northeast monsoon by the Arakan Yoma Mountains resulted in a weak wind stress on the leeward side of the mountains. This caused positive Ekman pumping around Preparis Channel together with eddy wind‐driven upwelling, shoaling the upper thermocline in the SAE, and thus turning it into an ITE. Among the 71 anticyclonic eddies detected by Argo profiles around Preparis Channel from 2003 to 2018, approximately 60% were ITEs, indicating that Preparis Channel could be the main source for ITE generation in Bay of Bengal.
PTBP2 – a gene with relevance for both Anorexia nervosa and body weight regulation
Authors: Zheng Yiran , Rajcsanyi Luisa Sophie , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Seitz Jochen , de Zwaan Martina , Herzog Wolfgang , Ehrlich Stefan , Zipfel Stephan , Giel Katrin , Egberts Karin , Burghardt Roland , Föcker Manuel , Al-Lahham Saad , Peters Triinu , Libuda Lars , Antel Jochen , Hebebrand Johannes , Hinney Anke
Published: June 2022

Genetic factors are relevant for both eating disorders and body weight regulation. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) for anorexia nervosa (AN) detected eight genome-wide significant chromosomal loci. One of these loci, rs10747478, was also genome-wide and significantly associated with body mass index (BMI). The nearest coding gene is the Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 2 gene (PTBP2). To detect mutations in PTBP2, Sanger sequencing of the coding region was performed in 192 female patients with AN (acute or recovered) and 191 children or adolescents with (extreme) obesity. Twenty-five variants were identified. Twenty-three of these were predicted to be pathogenic or functionally relevant in at least one in silico tool. Two novel synonymous variants (p.Ala77Ala and p.Asp195Asp), one intronic SNP (rs188987764), and the intronic deletion (rs561340981) located in the highly conserved region of PTBP2 may have functional consequences. Ten of 20 genes interacting with PTBP2 were studied for their impact on body weight regulation based on either previous functional studies or GWAS hits for body weight or BMI. In a GWAS for BMI (Pulit et al. 2018), the number of genome-wide significant associations at the PTBP2 locus was different between males (60 variants) and females (two variants, one of these also significant in males). More than 65% of these 61 variants showed differences in the effect size pertaining to BMI between sexes (absolute value of Z-score >2, two-sided p < 0.05). One LD block overlapping 5′UTR and all coding regions of PTBP2 comprises 56 significant variants in males. The analysis based on sex-stratified BMI GWAS summary statistics implies that PTBP2 may have a more pronounced effect on body weight regulation in males than in females.
Activation of CD44 signaling in leader cells induced by tumor-associated macrophages drives collective detachment in luminal breast carcinomas
Authors: Gao Feng , Zhang Guoliang , Liu Yiwen , He Yiqing , Sheng Yumeng , Sun Xiaodan , Du Yan , Yang Cuixia
Published: June 2022

Collective detachment of cancer cells at the invading front could generate efficient metastatic spread. However, how cancer cell clusters shed from the leading front remains unknown. We previously reported that the dynamic expression of CD44 in breast cancers (BrCas) at collectively invading edges was associated with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In this study, we first observed that the highly expressed CD44 (CD44high) cancer cell clusters were located in the BrCa circulating vessels, accompanied by CD206+ TAMs. Next, we identified that the cancer cell clusters can be converted to an invasive CD44high state which was induced by TAMs, thus giving rise to CD44-associated signaling mediated cohesive detachment. Then, we showed that disrupting CD44-signaling inhibited the TAMs triggered cohesive detaching using 3D organotypic culture and mouse models. Furthermore, our mechanistic study showed that the acquisition of CD44high state was mediated by the MDM2/p53 pathway activation which was induced by CCL8 released from TAMs. Blocking of CCL8 could inhibit the signaling cascade which decreased the CD44-mediated cohesive detachment and spread. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism underlying collective metastasis in BrCas that may be helpful to seek for potential targets.
Watching right and wrong nucleotide insertion captures hidden polymerase fidelity checkpoints
Authors: Jamsen Joonas A. , Shock David D. , Wilson Samuel H.
Published: June 2022

Efficient and accurate DNA synthesis is enabled by DNA polymerase fidelity checkpoints that promote insertion of the right instead of wrong nucleotide. Erroneous X-family polymerase (pol) λ nucleotide insertion leads to genomic instability in double strand break and base-excision repair. Here, time-lapse crystallography captures intermediate catalytic states of pol λ undergoing right and wrong natural nucleotide insertion. The revealed nucleotide sensing mechanism responds to base pair geometry through active site deformation to regulate global polymerase-substrate complex alignment in support of distinct optimal (right) or suboptimal (wrong) reaction pathways. An induced fit during wrong but not right insertion, and associated metal, substrate, side chain and pyrophosphate reaction dynamics modulated nucleotide insertion. A third active site metal hastened right but not wrong insertion and was not essential for DNA synthesis. The previously hidden fidelity checkpoints uncovered reveal fundamental strategies of polymerase DNA repair synthesis in genomic instability.
Quantum-enhanced radiometry via approximate quantum error correction
Authors: Wang W. , Chen Z.-J. , Liu X. , Cai W. , Ma Y. , Mu X. , Pan X. , Hua Z. , Hu L. , Xu Y. , Wang H. , Song Y. P. , Zou X.-B. , Zou C.-L. , Sun L.
Published: June 2022

Quantum sensing based on exotic quantum states is appealing for practical metrology applications and fundamental studies. However, these quantum states are vulnerable to noise and the resulting quantum enhancement is weakened in practice. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a quantum-enhanced sensing scheme with a bosonic probe, by exploring the large Hilbert space of the bosonic mode and developing both the approximate quantum error correction and the quantum jump tracking approaches. In a practical radiometry scenario, we attain a 5.3 dB enhancement of sensitivity, which reaches 9.1 × 10−4 Hz−1/2 when measuring the excitation population of a receiver mode. Our results demonstrate the potential of quantum sensing with near-term quantum technologies, not only shedding new light on the quantum advantage of sensing, but also stimulating further efforts on bosonic quantum technologies.
Adjusting agricultural emissions for trade matters for climate change mitigation
Authors: Foong Adrian , Pradhan Prajal , Frör Oliver , Kropp Jürgen P.
Published: June 2022

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in food systems is becoming more challenging as food is increasingly consumed away from producer regions, highlighting the need to consider emissions embodied in trade in agricultural emissions accounting. To address this, our study explores recent trends in trade-adjusted agricultural emissions of food items at the global, regional, and national levels. We find that emissions are largely dependent on a country’s consumption patterns and their agricultural emission intensities relative to their trading partners’. The absolute differences between the production-based and trade-adjusted emissions accounting approaches are especially apparent for major agricultural exporters and importers and where large shares of emission-intensive items such as ruminant meat, milk products and rice are involved. In relative terms, some low-income and emerging and developing economies with consumption of high emission intensity food products show large differences between approaches. Similar trends are also found under various specifications that account for trade and re-exports differently. These findings could serve as an important element towards constructing national emissions reduction targets that consider trading partners, leading to more effective emissions reductions overall.
Disease-economy trade-offs under alternative epidemic control strategies
Authors: Ash Thomas , Bento Antonio M. , Kaffine Daniel , Rao Akhil , Bento Ana I.
Published: June 2022

Public policy and academic debates regarding pandemic control strategies note disease-economy trade-offs, often prioritizing one outcome over the other. Using a calibrated, coupled epi-economic model of individual behavior embedded within the broader economy during a novel epidemic, we show that targeted isolation strategies can avert up to 91% of economic losses relative to voluntary isolation strategies. Unlike widely-used blanket lockdowns, economic savings of targeted isolation do not impose additional disease burdens, avoiding disease-economy trade-offs. Targeted isolation achieves this by addressing the fundamental coordination failure between infectious and susceptible individuals that drives the recession. Importantly, we show testing and compliance frictions can erode some of the gains from targeted isolation, but improving test quality unlocks the majority of the benefits of targeted isolation.
Comparison of methods and resources for cell-cell communication inference from single-cell RNA-Seq data
Authors: Dimitrov Daniel , Türei Dénes , Garrido-Rodriguez Martin , Burmedi Paul L. , Nagai James S. , Boys Charlotte , Ramirez Flores Ricardo O. , Kim Hyojin , Szalai Bence , Costa Ivan G. , Valdeolivas Alberto , Dugourd Aurélien , Saez-Rodriguez Julio
Published: June 2022

The growing availability of single-cell data, especially transcriptomics, has sparked an increased interest in the inference of cell-cell communication. Many computational tools were developed for this purpose. Each of them consists of a resource of intercellular interactions prior knowledge and a method to predict potential cell-cell communication events. Yet the impact of the choice of resource and method on the resulting predictions is largely unknown. To shed light on this, we systematically compare 16 cell-cell communication inference resources and 7 methods, plus the consensus between the methods’ predictions. Among the resources, we find few unique interactions, a varying degree of overlap, and an uneven coverage of specific pathways and tissue-enriched proteins. We then examine all possible combinations of methods and resources and show that both strongly influence the predicted intercellular interactions. Finally, we assess the agreement of cell-cell communication methods with spatial colocalisation, cytokine activities, and receptor protein abundance and find that predictions are generally coherent with those data modalities. To facilitate the use of the methods and resources described in this work, we provide LIANA, a LIgand-receptor ANalysis frAmework as an open-source interface to all the resources and methods.
Expanding the active charge carriers of polymer electrolytes in lithium-based batteries using an anion-hosting cathode
Authors: Sun Zongjie , Xi Kai , Chen Jing , Abdelkader Amor , Li Meng-Yang , Qin Yuanyuan , Lin Yue , Jiang Qiu , Su Ya-Qiong , Vasant Kumar R. , Ding Shujiang
Published: June 2022

Ionic-conductive polymers are appealing electrolyte materials for solid-state lithium-based batteries. However, these polymers are detrimentally affected by the electrochemically-inactive anion migration that limits the ionic conductivity and accelerates cell failure. To circumvent this issue, we propose the use of polyvinyl ferrocene (PVF) as positive electrode active material. The PVF acts as an anion-acceptor during redox processes, thus simultaneously setting anions and lithium ions as effective charge carriers. We report the testing of various Li||PVF lab-scale cells using polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix and Li-containing salts with different anions. Interestingly, the cells using the PEO-lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) solid electrolyte deliver an initial capacity of 108 mAh g−1 at 100 μA cm−2 and 60 °C, and a discharge capacity retention of 70% (i.e., 70 mAh g−1) after 2800 cycles at 300 μA cm−2 and 60 °C. The Li|PEO-LiTFSI|PVF cells tested at 50 μA cm−2 and 30 °C can also deliver an initial discharge capacity of around 98 mAh g−1 with an electrolyte ionic conductivity in the order of 10−5 S cm−1.
Mechanically active integrins target lytic secretion at the immune synapse to facilitate cellular cytotoxicity
Authors: Wang Mitchell S. , Hu Yuesong , Sanchez Elisa E. , Xie Xihe , Roy Nathan H. , de Jesus Miguel , Winer Benjamin Y. , Zale Elizabeth A. , Jin Weiyang , Sachar Chirag , Lee Joanne H. , Hong Yeonsun , Kim Minsoo , Kam Lance C. , Salaita Khalid , Huse Morgan
Published: June 2022

Cytotoxic lymphocytes fight pathogens and cancer by forming immune synapses with infected or transformed target cells and then secreting cytotoxic perforin and granzyme into the synaptic space, with potent and specific killing achieved by this focused delivery. The mechanisms that establish the precise location of secretory events, however, remain poorly understood. Here we use single cell biophysical measurements, micropatterning, and functional assays to demonstrate that localized mechanotransduction helps define the position of secretory events within the synapse. Ligand-bound integrins, predominantly the αLβ2isoform LFA-1, function as spatial cues to attract lytic granules containing perforin and granzyme and induce their fusion with the plasma membrane for content release. LFA-1 is subjected to pulling forces within secretory domains, and disruption of these forces via depletion of the adaptor molecule talin abrogates cytotoxicity. We thus conclude that lymphocytes employ an integrin-dependent mechanical checkpoint to enhance their cytotoxic power and fidelity.
Microfluidics for understanding model organisms
Authors: Frey Nolan , Sönmez Utku M. , Minden Jonathan , LeDuc Philip
Published: June 2022

New microfluidic systems for whole organism analysis and experimentation are catalyzing biological breakthroughs across many fields, from human health to fundamental biology principles. This perspective discusses recent microfluidic tools to study intact model organisms to demonstrate the tremendous potential for these integrated approaches now and into the future. We describe these microsystems' technical features and highlight the unique advantages for precise manipulation in areas including immobilization, automated alignment, sorting, sensory, mechanical and chemical stimulation, and genetic and thermal perturbation. Our aim is to familiarize technologically focused researchers with microfluidics applications in biology research, while providing biologists an entrée to advanced microengineering techniques for model organisms.