bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and Optical Characterization of Porous NiV2O6 Films Synthesized by Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis for Photodetector Applications
Authors: Kotbi Ahmed , El Radaf Islam M. , Alaoui Ilham Hamdi , Cantaluppi Anna , Zeinert Andreas , Lahmar Abdelilah
Published: July 2024

NiV2O6 thin films were grown on glass slides with varying thicknesses using nebulizer spray pyrolysis. The impact of thickness on the thin films’ optical, structural, morphological, and electrical characteristics was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman analysis confirmed the formation of the triclinic NiV2O6 system. Surface morphology and roughness variations in the as-deposited NiV2O6 films were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a profilometer. Optical properties, including optical band gap (Eg), extinction coefficient (k), absorption coefficient (α), and refractive index (n), were determined through optical reflectance and transmittance measurements. The optical energy gap of the as-deposited NiV2O6 films decreased from 2.02 eV to 1.58 eV with increased layer thickness. Furthermore, the photo-detectivity of the films demonstrated an enhancement corresponding to the prolonged spray time. The sensitivity values obtained for visible irradiation were 328, 511, and 433 for samples S1, S2, and S3, respectively. The obtained results can be imputed to the specific porous microstructure.
The Synthesis and Assembly Mechanism of Micro/Nano-Sized Polystyrene Spheres and Their Application in Subwavelength Structures
Authors: Lee Yeeu-Chang , Wu Hsu-Kang , Peng Yu-Zhong , Chen Wei-Chun
Published: July 2024

The following study involved the utilization of dispersion polymerization to synthesize micron/nano-sized polystyrene (PS) spheres, which were then deposited onto a silicon substrate using the floating assembly method to form a long-range monolayer. Subsequently, dry etching techniques were utilized to create subwavelength structures. The adjustment of the stabilizer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), together with changes in the monomer concentration, yielded PS spheres ranging from 500 nm to 5.6 μm in diameter. These PS spheres were suspended in a mixture of alcohol and deionized water before being arranged using the floating assembly method. The resulting tightly packed particle arrangement is attributed to van der Waals forces, Coulomb electrostatic forces between the PS spheres, and surface tension effects. The interplay of these forces was analyzed to comprehend the resulting structure. Dry etching, utilizing the PS spheres as masks, enabled the exploration of the effects of etching parameters on the resultant structures. Unlike traditional dry etching methods controlling RF power and etching gases, in the present study, we focused on adjusting the oxygen flow rate to achieve cylindrical, conical, and parabolic etched structures.
On the Development of a New Flexible Pressure Sensor
Authors: Pistriţu Florian , Gheorghe Marin , Ion Marian , Brincoveanu Oana , Romanitan Cosmin , Suchea Mirela Petruta , Schiopu Paul , Ionescu Octavian Narcis
Published: July 2024

The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) serves as a significant driving force behind the development of innovative sensors and actuators. This technological progression has created a substantial demand for new flexible pressure sensors, essential for a variety of applications ranging from wearable devices to smart home systems. In response to this growing need, our laboratory has developed a novel flexible pressure sensor, designed to offer an improved performance and adaptability. This study aims to present our newly developed sensor, detailing the comprehensive investigations we conducted to understand how different parameters affect its behaviour. Specifically, we examined the influence of the resistive layer thickness and the elastomeric substrate on the sensor’s performance. The resistive layer, a critical component of the sensor, directly impacts its sensitivity and accuracy. By experimenting with varying thicknesses, we aimed to identify the optimal configuration that maximizes sensor efficiency. Similarly, the elastomeric substrate, which provides the sensor’s flexibility, was scrutinized to determine how its properties affect the sensor’s overall functionality. Our findings highlight the delicate balance required between the resistive layer and the elastomeric substrate to achieve a sensor that is both highly sensitive and durable. This research contributes valuable insights into the design and optimization of flexible pressure sensors, paving the way for more advanced IoT applications.
A New Silicon Mold Process for Polydimethylsiloxane Microchannels
Authors: Yang Lung-Jieh , Shaik Sameer , Unnam Neethish Kumar , Muthuraman Valliammai
Published: July 2024

As an alternative to SU-8 soft lithography, a new silicon mold process of fabricating PDMS microchannel chips was proposed. A picosecond laser is used to cut through a 550 μm thick silicon wafer and generate the original microchannel pattern with a 50 μm minimum feature size. This single-crystal silicon pattern, with the edge debris caused by laser cutting being trimmed off by a KOH solution and with the protection field oxide layer being removed by BOE afterwards, firmly resided on a glass substrate through the anodic bonding technique. Four-inch wafers with microchannel patterns as the PDMS mold cores were successfully bonded on Pyrex 7740 or Eagle XG glass substrates for the follow-up PDMS molding/demolding process. This new maskless process does not need a photolithography facility, but the laser cutting service must be provided by professional off-campus companies. One PDMS microchannel chip for particle separation was shown as an example of what can be achieved when using this new process.
Portable Multi-Layer Capsule-Shaped Triboelectric Generator for Human Motion Energy Harvesting
Authors: Yang Xinglin , Huo Da , Su Jianye , He Zhouyu
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces a novel portable multi-layer capsule-shaped triboelectric generator (CP-TEG), aimed at optimizing the performance of triboelectric generator technology in terms of miniaturization, modularity, and efficient energy collection. The CP-TEG utilizes a unique multi-layer, stacked structure and an elliptical cylindrical design to increase the effective frictional area and enhance power generation efficiency. Its portable design allows for flexible application in various environments and scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that the CP-TEG can maintain stable and efficient electrical output under various motion amplitudes and frequencies, and it shows good adaptability to the direction of motion excitation. With a motion amplitude of 7 cm and a frequency of 1.94 Hz, the CP-TEG can charge a 220 μF capacitor to 1.3 V within 100 s. The power generation unit’s output voltage and current are more than three times higher than that of traditional single-layer contact-separation mode triboelectric devices. Particularly, its performance in harvesting energy from human motion underscores its effectiveness as a renewable energy solution for wearable devices. Through its innovative structural design and optimized working mechanism, the CP-TEG demonstrates excellent energy collection efficiency and application potential, offering new options for sustainable energy solutions and development.
Design and Research of a Strain Elastic Element with a Double-Layer Cross Floating Beam for Strain Gauge Wireless Rotating Dynamometers
Authors: Wang Qinan , Wu Wenge , Zhao Yongjuan , Cheng Yunping , Liu Lijuan , Yan Kaiqiang
Published: July 2024

Cutting force is one of the most basic signals that can reflect the information of the cutting process, so it is very necessary to study the strain elastic element of strain gauge wireless rotating dynamometers. This paper proposes a strain elastic element with a double-layer cross floating beam that can be applied to the strain gauge wireless rotating dynamometer, which can simultaneously obtain the four-component cutting force/torque information of FX, FY, FZ, and MZ. Based on the proposed strain elastic element, a compact strain gauge wireless rotating dynamometer is designed, which is composed of a tool holder, upper connection flange, strain elastic element, lower connection flange, tool base, and data acquisition and wireless transmission system. The static model of the double-layer cross floating beam on the strain elastic element is established by the segmented rigid body method, and the relationships between the material, force, structural parameters, and the strain and deformation of the floating beam are obtained. The static model is consistent with the finite element solution, which proves the rationality of the static model. Based on the established static model, the sequential quadratic programming algorithm is used to optimize the structural parameters of the double-layer cross floating beam to maximize the sensitivity of the floating beam. The overall structure of the strain elastic element is analyzed by finite element software, and the strain of the structure under simulation conditions is obtained, which provides a reference for subsequent calibration tests and circuit design. The calibration matrix and dynamic performance of the strain elastic element are obtained by the static calibration test, dynamic calibration test, and cutting test. The results show that the proposed strain elastic element has high sensitivity and low cross-sensitivity error, and can be applied to the strain gauge wireless rotating dynamometer to measure medium- and low-speed cutting forces.
The Role of Optimal Electron Transfer Layers for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells—A Systematic Review
Authors: Vanaraj Ramkumar , Murugesan Vajjiravel , Rathinam Balamurugan
Published: July 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which are constructed using organic–inorganic combination resources, represent an upcoming technology that offers a competitor to silicon-based solar cells. Electron transport materials (ETMs), which are essential to PSCs, are attracting a lot of interest. In this section, we begin by discussing the development of the PSC framework, which would form the foundation for the requirements of the ETM. Because of their exceptional electronic characteristics and low manufacturing costs, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising proposal for future generations of thin-film solar energy. However, PSCs with a compact layer (CL) exhibit subpar long-term reliability and efficacy. The quality of the substrate beneath a layer of perovskite has a major impact on how quickly it grows. Therefore, there has been interest in substrate modification using electron transfer layers to create very stable and efficient PSCs. This paper examines the systemic alteration of electron transport layers (ETLs) based on electron transfer layers that are employed in PSCs. Also covered are the functions of ETLs in the creation of reliable and efficient PSCs. Achieving larger-sized particles, greater crystallization, and a more homogenous morphology within perovskite films, all of which are correlated with a more stable PSC performance, will be guided by this review when they are developed further. To increase PSCs’ sustainability and enable them to produce clean energy at levels previously unheard of, the difficulties and potential paths for future research with compact ETLs are also discussed.
An Optofluidic Young Interferometer for Electrokinetic Transport-Coupled Biosensing
Authors: Labella Elisabetta , Gupta Ruchi
Published: July 2024

Label-free optical biosensors, such as interferometers, can provide a comparable limit of detection to widely used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays while minimizing the number of steps and reducing false positives/negatives. In 2020, the authors reported on a novel optofluidic Young interferometer (YI) that could provide real-time spatial information on refractive index changes occurring along the length of the sensor and reference channels. Herein, we exploit these features of the YI to study interactions of biomolecules with recognition elements immobilized in selected regions of agarose gel in the sensor channel. We show that the YI is well suited for the biosensing of an exemplar biomolecule, streptavidin, in the absence and presence of the bovine serum albumin interferent. Equally, we couple the YI with electrokinetic transport to reduce the time needed for biosensing.
A 3.2 kW Single Stage Narrow Linewidth Fiber Amplifier Emitting at 1050 nm
Authors: Liu Xiaoxi , Tian Xin , Rao Binyu , Yang Baolai , Xi Xiaoming , Wang Zefeng
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we have demonstrated a narrow linewidth high power fiber laser emitting at a short wavelength of ~1050 nm. The fiber laser is based on a structure of master oscillator power amplification (MOPA) with an optimized fiber Bragg-grating-based laser cavity as the seed. Both stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effects have been effectively suppressed by using a long passive fiber between the seed and the amplifier. Based on the fiber amplifier, we have ultimately boosted the narrow linewidth laser from ~40 W to 3.2 kW with a slope efficiency of 85.1% and a 3-dB linewidth of ~0.1 nm. The SRS suppression ratio of the laser is ~29.7 dB at maximum power. Due to our fiber mode control strategies, the beam quality always stays near-diffraction-limited while amplifying, and the measured M2 factor is ~1.4 at the maximum power. Further increase in output power is limited by the SBS effect.
Batch-to-Batch Variation in Laser-Inscribed Graphene (LIG) Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Tang Yifan , Moreira Geisianny A. , Vanegas Diana , Datta Shoumen P. A. , McLamore Eric S.
Published: July 2024

Laser-inscribed graphene (LIG) is an emerging material for micro-electronic applications and is being used to develop supercapacitors, soft actuators, triboelectric generators, and sensors. The fabrication technique is simple, yet the batch-to-batch variation of LIG quality is not well documented in the literature. In this study, we conduct experiments to characterize batch-to-batch variation in the manufacturing of LIG electrodes for applications in electrochemical sensing. Numerous batches of 36 LIG electrodes were synthesized using a CO2 laser system on polyimide film. The LIG material was characterized using goniometry, stereomicroscopy, open circuit potentiometry, and cyclic voltammetry. Hydrophobicity and electrochemical screening (cyclic voltammetry) indicate that LIG electrode batch-to-batch variation is less than 5% when using a commercial reference and counter electrode. Metallization of LIG led to a significant increase in peak current and specific capacitance (area between anodic/cathodic curve). However, batch-to-batch variation increased to approximately 30%. Two different platinum electrodeposition techniques were studied, including galvanostatic and frequency-modulated electrodeposition. The study shows that formation of metallized LIG electrodes with high specific capacitance and peak current may come at the expense of high batch variability. This design tradeoff has not been discussed in the literature and is an important consideration if scaling sensor designs for mass use is desired. This study provides important insight into the variation of LIG material properties for scalable development of LIG sensors. Additional studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanism(s) of this variability so that strategies to improve the repeatability may be developed for improving quality control. The dataset from this study is available via an open access repository.
The Intrinsic Relationship between Photoluminescence and Photocatalysis of MMoO4/MWO4 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) Heterojunctions: Heterojunction Construction, Mechanism Insight and Development Tendency
Authors: Zhang Man , Veerabhadrappa Jagadeesha Angadi , Shaikh Shoyebmohamad Fattemohamad , Kumar Ashok
Published: July 2024

The migration behavior of electron and hole pairs determines both photoluminescence and photocatalytic activity, which are two distinct properties of semiconductor materials. The photoluminescence and photocatalytic activity of semiconductor materials also exhibit strong method-dependent behavior under the influence of synthesis methods. In this review, the synthesis methods of MMoO4, MWO4 and MMoO4/MWO4 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) heterojunction composites and their photoluminescence and photocatalytic activities are reviewed for the first time. The effects of different M ions on the photoluminescence and photocatalytic activity of MMoO4/MWO4 heterojunction composites are also reviewed. There is also a discussion about the intrinsic correlation mechanism between photoluminescence and photocatalytic activity. Different M ions result in different coordination environments in MMoO4/MWO4 heterojunction composites, which leads to different photoluminescence and photocatalytic mechanisms of different MMoO4/MWO4 heterojunction composites. This review provides theoretical reference and technical guidance for future research on MMoO4/MWO4 heterojunction composites.
Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing- and Carbapenem–Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Diarrheic Dogs in Tunisia: First Report of blaIMP Gene in Companion Animals
Authors: Yahia Asma Ben Haj , Tayh Ghassan , Landolsi Sarrah , Maazaoui Ala , Chehida Faten Ben , Mamlouk Aymen , Dâaloul-Jedidi Monia , Messadi Lilia
Published: July 2024

Escherichia coli is an important opportunistic pathogen, causing several infections in dogs. The antimicrobial resistance of E. coli occurring in companion animals becomes an emerging problem. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in diarrheic dogs, investigate the occurrence and molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant isolates, and determine their virulence genes. Fecal samples were collected from 150 diarrheic dogs in Tunisia. E. coli isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance against 21 antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. The characterization of β-lactamase genes, associated resistance genes, and virulence genes was studied using PCR. Among 95 E. coli strains, 25 were ESBL-producing, and most of them were multidrug-resistant. The most prevalent β-lactamase genes were blaCTX-M1 (n = 14), blaTEM (n = 3), and blaCMY (n = 2). The blaIMP carbapenemase gene was found in two carbapenem-resistant isolates, which showed that carbapenemase-producing E. coli spread to companion animals in Tunisia. Different virulence genes associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli were detected. This is the first report of the characterization of carbapenem resistance and virulence genes in dogs in North Africa. Our study showed that diarrheic dogs in Tunisia can be a potential reservoir of ESBL- or carbapenemase-producing E. coli with a possible risk of transmission to humans.
Plant Growth-Promoting and Tequila Vinasse-Resistant Bacterial Strains
Authors: Valencia-Botín Alberto J. , Chávez-Díaz Ismael F. , Zurita-Martínez Florentina , Tejeda-Ortega Allan , Zelaya-Molina Lily X.
Published: July 2024

Tequila vinasse, a byproduct of the tequila industry, is frequently discharged into water bodies or agricultural fields, posing significant ecological and human health risks. Bacterial communities that inhabit these agricultural fields have developed mechanisms to utilize tequila vinasse as a potential nutrient source and to promote plant growth. In this study, strains from the phyla Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota were isolated from agricultural fields irrigated with tequila vinasse for 2, 10, and 14 years in Jalisco, Mexico. The results showed that strains of Terrabacter, Azotobacter, Agromyces, Prescottella, and Leifsonia tolerate high concentrations of tequila vinasse and promote maize seedling growth in the presence of tequila vinasse. Additionally, some of the strains solubilize potassium and produce siderophores, cellulase, protease, lipase, and esterase. The strains Terrabacter sp. WCNS1C, Azotobacter sp. WCNS1D, and Azotobacter sp. WCNS2A have potential applications in the bioremediation of tequila vinasse in agricultural fields discharged with tequila vinasse.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Its Probiotic Potential against Cariogenic Bacteria
Authors: Félix-Sicairos Brianda Karina , Martinez-Martinez Rita Elizabeth , Aranda-Romo Saray , Gonzalez-Amaro Roberto , Salgado-Bustamante Mariana , Zavala-Alonso Norma Verónica , Alpuche-Solís Ángel Gabriel
Published: July 2024

Bacteriotherapy is a promising option in addressing dental caries, a persistent global public health challenge with multifactorial origin, including dysbiosis. Despite the exploration of various probiotics, outcomes remain inconclusive. Objective: This study aimed to assess the inhibitory potential of L. reuteri and other potential probiotics like S. salivarius and S. oralis on the growth, adhesion, colonization, and viability of major cariogenic pathogens, comparing their probiotic efficacy. Methods: An in vitro experimental study was conducted, encompassing direct competition assays in solid and liquid co-culture tests and the characterization of adhesion to dental enamel and cell viability by life or death assay. Results: L. reuteri exhibited the significant inhibition of S. sobrinus and S. mutans growth in both solid and liquid cultures, with statistically notable differences. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy demonstrated reduced cariogenic biofilm formation when combined with L. reuteri, corroborated by diminished bacterial viability and decreased dental enamel coverage. These findings underscore L. reuteri’s potential as an effective agent in caries prevention. Conclusion: The study suggests L. reuteri could serve as an effective probiotic in bacteriotherapy against dental caries. It displayed substantial inhibitory activity in vitro against cariogenic bacteria, impeding biofilm formation and adhesion, thereby impacting cell viability.
In Vitro Effects of Postmetabolites from Limosilactobacillus fermentum 53 on the Survival and Proliferation of HT-29 Cells
Authors: Moskova-Doumanova Veselina , Vaseva Anita , Veleva Ralitsa , Mladenova Kirilka , Melniska Denitsa , Doumanov Jordan , Videv Pavel , Topouzova-Hristova Tanya , Dobreva Lili , Atanasova Nikoleta , Danova Svetla
Published: July 2024

Naturally fermented dairy products are an important component of the human diet. They are a valuable source of nutrients as well as vitamins and minerals. Their importance as a source of probiotic bacterial strains should not be overlooked. A number of studies highlight the positive effects of species of the probiotic lactic acid bacteria on the intestinal microbiome and the overall homeostasis of the body, as well as a complementary treatment for some diseases. However, data on the effects on the intestinal epithelial cells of postmetabolites released by probiotic bacteria are incomplete. This is likely due to the fact that these effects are species- and strain-specific. In the present study, we investigated the effects of postmetabolites produced by a pre-selected candidate probiotic strain Limosilactobacillus fermentum on HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells. Our data showed a pronounced proliferative effect, evaluated by flow cytometry, quantification of the cell population and determination of the mitotic index. This was accompanied by the stabilization of the cell monolayer, measured by an increase in TEER (transepithelial electric resistance) and the reorganization of actin filaments. The data obtained are a clear indication of the positive effects that the products secreted by L. fermentum strain 53 have on intestinal epithelial cells.
Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from American Bison (Bison bison) Showed Uncommon Virulent Gene Patterns and Antimicrobial Multi-Resistance
Authors: López-Islas Jonathan J. , Martínez-Gómez Daniel , Ortiz-López Wendy E. , Reyes-Cruz Tania , López-Pérez Andrés M. , Eslava Carlos , Méndez-Olvera Estela T.
Published: July 2024

E. coli is considered one of the most important zoonotic pathogens worldwide. Highly virulent and antimicrobial-resistant strains of E. coli have been reported in recent years, making it essential to understand their ecological origins. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of E. coli strains present in the natural population of American bison (Bison bison) in Mexico. We sampled 123 individuals and determined the presence of E. coli using standard bacteriological methods. The isolated strains were characterized using molecular techniques based on PCR. To evaluate the diversity of E. coli strains in this population, we analyzed 108 suggestive colonies from each fecal sample. From a total of 13,284 suggestive colonies, we isolated 33 E. coli strains that contained at least one virulence gene. The virotypes of these strains were highly varied, including strains with atypical patterns or combinations compared to classical pathotypes, such as the presence of escV, eae, bfpB, and ial genes in E. coli strain LMA-26-6-6, or stx2, eae, and ial genes in E. coli strain LMA-16-1-32. Genotype analysis of these strains revealed a previously undescribed phylogenetic group. Serotyping of all strains showed that serogroups O26 and O22 were the most abundant. Interestingly, strains belonging to these groups exhibited different patterns of virulence genes. Finally, the isolated E. coli strains demonstrated broad resistance to antimicrobials, including various beta-lactam antibiotics.
Determinants of Disordered Eating Behaviours (DEBs) among Adolescent Female School Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Alsheweir Azzah , Goyder Elizabeth , Alzahrani Maha , Caton Samantha J.
Published: July 2024

The risk of DEB is more prevalent in girls, particularly during adolescence. The onset of DEB can be triggered by many inter-related factors, including biological, social, parental, and psychosocial. To date, very little is known about the determinants of DEBs in Saudi adolescent girls. Using a qualitative analysis, this study explored potential determinants of DEB among adolescent girls in Riyadh. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with adolescent girls (mean age = 14.06, SD = 0.87) who reported a high risk of DEB (EAT-26 ≥ 20) in intermediate and secondary schools in Riyadh. The mean weight was 51 kg (SD = 11.8) with BMI ranging from 14.18 kg/m2 to 27.51 kg/m2. EAT-26 scores ranged from 21 to 42 (M = 26.8, SD = 5.6). Data were transcribed and revised, then themes and sub-themes were assigned using MAXQDA 24. The most common DEBs reported were dieting and binging, followed by induced vomiting. Major themes were related to negative cognitions, conscious imitation/copying behaviours, bullying, comparisons, and negative comments. Some participants identified the possibility of biological and familial factors in increasing the likelihood of DEB. Our findings provide a framework that could be used to increase understanding of DEB and inform the development of interventions to address underlying causes of DEB in Saudi adolescent girls.
Timut Pepper Extract Slows Age-Dependent Decline of Mobility and Collagen Loss and Promotes Longevity
Authors: Jongsma Elisabeth , Grigolon Giovanna , Baumann Julia , Weinkove David , Ewald Collin Y. , Wandrey Franziska , Grothe Torsten
Published: July 2024

Investigations into human longevity are increasingly focusing on healthspan enhancement, not just lifespan extension. Lifestyle modifications and nutritional choices, including food supplements, can significantly affect aging and general health. Phytochemicals in centenarians’ diets, such as those found in Timut pepper, a Nepalese spice with various medicinal properties, may contribute to their longevity. Similarly, Sichuan pepper, a related species, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. With the broader purpose of uncovering a novel treatment to address aging and its comorbidities, this study aims to investigate the potential lifespan- and healthspan-promoting effects of Timut pepper using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that Timut pepper extract extends C. elegans’ lifespan at different maintenance temperatures and increases the proportion of active nematodes in their early adulthood. In addition, we show that Timut pepper extract enhances speed and distance moved as the nematodes age. Finally, Timut pepper extract assures extracellular matrix homeostasis by slowing the age-dependent decline of collagen expression.
IL-17A Drives Oxidative Stress and Cell Growth in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells: Potential Protective Action of Oleuropein
Authors: Montalbano Angela Marina , Di Sano Caterina , Albano Giusy Daniela , Gjomarkaj Mark , Ricciardolo Fabio Luigi Massimo , Profita Mirella
Published: July 2024

IL-17A drives inflammation and oxidative stress, affecting the progression of chronic lung diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and cystic fibrosis). Oleuropein (OLP) is a polyphenolic compound present in olive oil and widely included in the Mediterranean diet. It exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, oxidative stress resistance, and anticarcinogenic effects with a conceivable positive impact on human health. We hypothesized that OLP positively affects the mechanisms of oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell viability during proliferation, and cell growth in alveolar epithelial cells and tested its effect in a human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) in the presence of IL-17A. Our results show that OLP decreases the levels of oxidative stress (Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondrial membrane potential) and DNA damage (H2AX phosphorylation-ser139, Olive Tail Moment data) and increases cell apoptosis in A549 cells exposed to IL-17A. Furthermore, OLP decreases the number of viable cells during proliferation, the migratory potential (Scratch test), and the single cell capacity to grow within colonies as a cancer phenotype in A549 cells exposed to IL-17A. In conclusion, we suggest that OLP might be useful to protect lung epithelial cells from oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell growth, and cell apoptosis. This effect might be exerted in lung diseases by the downregulation of IL-17A activities. Our results suggest a positive effect of the components of olive oil on human lung health.
Bridging the Gap: The Need to Implement Dietary Guidance to Address Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Brown Alison G. M. , Adas Samantha , de Jesus Janet , Farmer Nicole , Fisher Rachel , Pratt Charlotte A.
Published: July 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and globally. Research demonstrates that diet is a leading contributor to the development of CVD, its prevention and management, and the overall promotion of cardiovascular health. This article describes the current state of the evidence, including research on the DASH and Mediterranean diets to promote cardiovascular health and prevent CVD. The article suggests approaches to implement evidence-based diets and federal dietary guidance to promote the adoption and integration of these interventions in both community and clinical settings. It highlights the current U.S. federal interest in “Food is Medicine” and its importance in addressing diet-related chronic diseases and promoting cardiovascular health.
Usefulness of Perioperative Nutritional Therapy with the Glutamine/Arginine/Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Product in Esophageal Cancer Surgery: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Okamoto Koichi , Takamura Hiroyuki , Nagayama Taigo , Sannomiya Yuta , Hashimoto Akifumi , Nishiki Hisashi , Kaida Daisuke , Miyata Takashi , Tsuji Toshikatsu , Fujita Hideto , Kinami Shinichi , Ninomiya Itasu , Inaki Noriyuki
Published: July 2024

A useful perioperative nutritional therapy for highly invasive esophageal cancer surgical cases needs to be developed. We clarified the usefulness of amino-acid-enriched nutritional therapy using glutamine (Gln)/arginine (Arg)/calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) products on the short-term postoperative outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Altogether, 114 patients (Gln/Arg/HMB group) received perioperative nutritional therapy with Gln/Arg/HMB products, and we retrospectively investigated the change in nutritional parameters including skeletal muscle mass, occurrence of postoperative complications, and short-term postoperative outcomes in this group. The results were compared between the Gln/Arg/HMB and control groups (79 patients not receiving the Gln/Arg/HMB products). The incidence of all postoperative complications, sputum expectoration disorder, and pleural effusion of grade ≥ III was significantly lower in the Gln/Arg/HMB group (62.0% vs. 38.6%, p = 0.001; 44.3% vs. 28.1%, p = 0.020; 27.8% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.011, respectively). The psoas muscle area and postoperative body weight were significantly higher at 1 month and 1 year after surgery in the Gln/Arg/HMB group than in the control group (93.5% vs. 99.9%, p < 0.001; 92.0% vs. 95.4%, p = 0.006). Perioperative amino-acid-enriched nutritional therapy may improve the short-term postoperative outcomes, nutritional status, and skeletal muscle mass of esophageal cancer surgical patients.
Effect of a Low-Glycemic Index Nutritional Intervention on Body Weight and Selected Cardiometabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents with Excess Body Weight and Dyslipidemia
Authors: Bondyra-Wiśniewska Beata , Harton Anna
Published: July 2024

Excess body weight in pediatric patients and the resulting dyslipidemia, if left untreated, are a serious risk factor for cardiovascular disease in young adults. Despite this, there is still no effective and validated nutritional strategy for the treatment of overweight/obesity and comorbid dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. A low-glycemic index (LGI) diet may be recommended, but evidence for its effectiveness in the pediatric population is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in children and adolescents with excess body weight and dyslipidemia. The study was conducted in patients aged 8–16 with overweight or obesity and lipid disorders (n = 64), of which 40 participants who completed the entire 8-week study were included in the analysis. Patients were randomly selected and allocated to one of the two dietary groups: the LGI diet or the standard therapy (ST) diet. Both diets were based on the principal recommendation of Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet-2 (CHILD-2). This study showed that both LGI and ST diets were equally beneficial in reducing body weight, body fat, blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels. The LGI diet, compared to the ST diet, was less effective in reducing blood TG levels but more effective in reducing diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Therefore, the choice of the type of diet in the treatment of children and adolescents with excess body weight and dyslipidemia may be individual. However, it should be based on the recommendation of CHILD-2. Further long-term, larger-scale studies are needed.
Combined Exercise and Diet Induce Airway Hyperreactivity While Reducing Liver Steatosis in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Marain Nora F. , Jonckheere Anne-Charlotte , Dilissen Ellen , Cremer Jonathan , Roskams Tania , Colemont Marieke , Bullens Dominique M. , Dupont Lieven J. , Vanoirbeek Jeroen A.
Published: July 2024

Background: Obesity is a multi-organ system disease, which is associated with, e.g., a higher prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and asthma. Little is known regarding the effect of obesity-related parameters (including liver integrity) and the respiratory phenotype after a combination of physical activity and diet. Methods: Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice were, after 27 weeks of a high fat diet (HFD), randomly assigned to two dietary interventions for three weeks: a HFD or a normal chow diet (NCD). In both dietary groups, half of the animals were subjected to a sub-maximal exercise protocol. Lung function, lung inflammation, liver histology, and metabolic profile were determined. Results: Mice with obesity did not show airway hyperreactivity after methacholine provocation. Sub-maximal exercise with diet (NCD/E) induced a significant reduction in forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s after methacholine provocation. NCD/E had significantly more neutrophils and inflammation (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-17F) in bronchoalveolar lavage compared to non-exercising mice on a HFD (HFD/NE). However, more epithelial injury (serum surfactant protein D and IL-33) was seen in HFD/NE. Additionally, hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were reduced by combined diet and sub-maximal exercise. Conclusions: Combining sub-maximal exercise with diet induced airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary inflammation, while body weight, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis improved.
Recombinant Ixodes scapularis Calreticulin Binds Complement Proteins but Does Not Protect Borrelia burgdorferi from Complement Killing
Authors: Ansari Moiz Ashraf , Nguyen Thu-Thuy , Kocurek Klaudia Izabela , Kim William Tae Heung , Kim Tae Kwon , Mulenga Albert
Published: July 2024

Ixodes scapularis is a blood-feeding obligate ectoparasite responsible for transmitting the Lyme disease (LD) agent, Borrelia burgdorferi. During the feeding process, I. scapularis injects B. burgdorferi into the host along with its saliva, facilitating the transmission and colonization of the LD agent. Tick calreticulin (CRT) is one of the earliest tick saliva proteins identified and is currently utilized as a biomarker for tick bites. Our recent findings revealed elevated levels of CRT in the saliva proteome of B. burgdorferi-infected I. scapularis nymphs compared to uninfected ticks. Differential precipitation of proteins (DiffPOP) and LC-MS/MS analyses were used to identify the interactions between Ixs (I. scapularis) CRT and human plasma proteins and further explore its potential role in shielding B. burgdorferi from complement killing. We observed that although yeast-expressed recombinant (r) IxsCRT binds to the C1 complex (C1q, C1r, and C1s), the activator of complement via the classical cascade, it did not inhibit the deposition of the membrane attack complex (MAC) via the classical pathway. Intriguingly, rIxsCRT binds intermediate complement proteins (C3, C5, and C9) and reduces MAC deposition through the lectin pathway. Despite the inhibition of MAC deposition in the lectin pathway, rIxsCRT did not protect a serum-sensitive B. burgdorferi strain (B314/pBBE22Luc) from complement-induced killing. As B. burgdorferi establishes a local dermal infection before disseminating to secondary organs, it is noteworthy that rIxsCRT promotes the replication of B. burgdorferi in culture. We hypothesize that rIxsCRT may contribute to the transmission and/or host colonization of B. burgdorferi by acting as a decoy activator of complement and by fostering B. burgdorferi replication at the transmission site.
Effects of Copper on Legionella pneumophila Revealed via Viability Assays and Proteomics
Authors: Song Yang , Mena-Aguilar Didier , Brown Connor L. , Rhoads William J. , Helm Richard F. , Pruden Amy , Edwards Marc A.
Published: July 2024

Cu is an antimicrobial that is commonly applied to premise (i.e., building) plumbing systems for Legionella control, but the precise mechanisms of inactivation are not well defined. Here, we applied a suite of viability assays and mass spectrometry-based proteomics to assess the mechanistic effects of Cu on L. pneumophila. Although a five- to six-log reduction in culturability was observed with 5 mg/L Cu2+ exposure, cell membrane integrity only indicated a <50% reduction. Whole-cell proteomic analysis revealed that AhpD, a protein related to oxidative stress, was elevated in Cu-exposed Legionella relative to culturable cells. Other proteins related to cell membrane synthesis and motility were also higher for the Cu-exposed cells relative to controls without Cu. While the proteins related to primary metabolism decreased for the Cu-exposed cells, no significant differences in the abundance of proteins related to virulence or infectivity were found, which was consistent with the ability of VBNC cells to cause infections. Whereas the cell-membrane integrity assay provided an upper-bound measurement of viability, an amoebae co-culture assay provided a lower-bound limit. The findings have important implications for assessing Legionella risk following its exposure to copper in engineered water systems.
Prospective Audit and Feedback for Antimicrobial Treatment of Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in Community-Based University Hospitals: A before-and-after Study
Authors: Park Namgi , Bae Jiyeon , Nam Soo Yeon , Bae Ji Yun , Jun Kang-Il , Kim Jeong-Han , Kim Chung-Jong , Kim Kyunghee , Kim Sun Ah , Choi Hee Jung , Rhie Sandy Jeong
Published: July 2024

In South Korea, because of manpower and budgetary limitations, antimicrobial stewardship programs have relied on preauthorization. This study analyzed the impact of a prospective audit and feedback (PAF) program targeting inpatients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy, which was implemented at two community-based university hospitals. During three years of PAF, 27,906 antimicrobial prescriptions were reviewed, with 622 (2.2%) interventions. The mean incidence density per 1000 patient days of multidrug-resistant organisms, except for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, decreased in the study population, whereas it increased among inpatients. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis revealed that after PAF, the incidences of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and mortality decreased (incidence risk ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.53, 0.31–0.93 and 0.70, 0.55–0.90, respectively). Notably, after PAF, incorrect antimicrobial dosing rates significantly decreased (tau −0.244; p = 0.02). However, the incidences of other multidrug-resistant organisms, Clostridioides difficile, length of stay, and readmission did not significantly change. This study shows that in patients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement, targeted PAF can significantly reduce multidrug-resistant organism rates and all-cause hospital mortality, despite limited resources. Furthermore, it can improve antimicrobial dosage accuracy.
Effectiveness of Duloxetine versus Other Therapeutic Modalities in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Valenzuela-Fuenzalida Juan José , López-Chaparro Michelle , Barahona-Vásquez Marisol , Campos-Valdes Javiera , Cordero Gonzalez Javiera , Nova-Baeza Pablo , Orellana-Donoso Mathias , Suazo-Santibañez Alejandra , Oyanedel-Amaro Gustavo , Gutiérrez Espinoza Héctor
Published: July 2024

Objectives: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) with symptoms like intense pain and impaired quality of life. This condition has no treatment; instead, the pain is managed with various antidepressants, including duloxetine. The aim of this study is to analyze the evidence on the efficacy of duloxetine in the management of DPN. Methods: A systematic search in different databases was conducted using the keywords “diabetic neuropathy”, “duloxetine therapy”, “neuropathic pain”, and “Diabetes Mellitus”. Finally, eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. Results: All articles comparing duloxetine at different doses vs. a placebo reported significant differences in favor of duloxetine on pain scales like 24 h Average Pain Severity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.06, confidence interval [CI] = −1.09 to −1.03, and p < 0.00001) and BPI Severity (SMD = −0.70, CI = −0.72 to −0.68, and p < 0.00001), among others. A total of 75% of the meta-analyses of studies comparing duloxetine at different doses showed a tendency in favor of the 120 mg/d dose. There were significant differences in favor of duloxetine when compared to routine care on the Euro Quality of Life (SMD = −0.04, CI = −0.04 to −0.03, and p < 0.00001) and SF-36 Survey (SMD = −5.86, CI = −6.28 to −5.44, and p < 0.00001) scales. There were no significant differences on the visual analog scale (VAS) when comparing duloxetine and gabapentin. Conclusions: Duloxetine appears to be effective in the management of DPN in different pain, symptom improvement, and quality of life scales.
Effect of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus on the Expression and Function of Smooth Muscle ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Human Internal Mammary Artery Grafts
Authors: Rajkovic Jovana , Peric Miodrag , Stanisic Jelena , Gostimirovic Milos , Novakovic Radmila , Djokic Vladimir , Tepavcevic Snezana , Rakocevic Jelena , Labudovic-Borovic Milica , Gojkovic-Bukarica Ljiljana
Published: July 2024

Here we have shown for the first time altered expression of the vascular smooth muscle (VSM) KATP channel subunits in segments of the human internal mammary artery (HIMA) in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Functional properties of vascular KATP channels in the presence of T2DM, and the interaction between its subunits and endogenous ligands known to relax this vessel, were tested using the potassium (K) channels opener, pinacidil. HIMA is the most commonly used vascular graft in cardiac surgery. Previously it was shown that pinacidil relaxes HIMA segments through interaction with KATP (SUR2B/Kir6.1) vascular channels, but it is unknown whether pinacidil sensitivity is changed in the presence of T2DM, considering diabetes-induced vascular complications commonly seen in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). KATP subunits were detected in HIMA segments using Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. An organ bath system was used to interrogate endothelium-independent vasorelaxation caused by pinacidil. In pharmacological experiments, pinacidil was able to relax HIMA from patients with T2DM, with sensitivity comparable to our previous results. All three KATP subunits (SUR2B, Kir6.1 and Kir6.2) were observed in HIMA from patients with and without T2DM. There were no differences in the expression of the SUR2B subunit. The expression of the Kir6.1 subunit was lower in HIMA from T2DM patients. In the same group, the expression of the Kir6.2 subunit was higher. Therefore, KATP channels might not be the only method of pinacidil-induced dilatation of T2DM HIMA. T2DM may decrease the level of Kir6.1, a dominant subunit in VSM of HIMA, altering the interaction between pinacidil and those channels.
Selective Antineoplastic Potential of Fractionated Caribbean Native Ganoderma Species Extracts on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Arroyo-Cruz Luz V. , Sagardía-González Sebastián , Miller Kurt , Ling Taotao , Rivas Fatima , Martínez-Montemayor Michelle M.
Published: July 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 expression. It is known for its high malignancy, invasiveness, and propensity for metastasis, resulting in a poor prognosis due to the absence of beneficial therapeutic targets. Natural products derived from mushrooms have gained significant attention in neoplastic therapy due to their potential medicinal properties. The therapeutic potential of Ganoderma lucidum in breast cancer has been highlighted by our group, suggesting its use as an adjuvant treatment. The present study aims to assess the potential antineoplastic capacity of two Caribbean native Ganoderma species found in Puerto Rico, Ganoderma multiplicatum (G. multiplicatum) and Ganoderma martinicense (G. martinicense). Antiproliferative studies were conducted via cell viability assays after cultivation, harvesting, and fractionation of both species. The obtained results indicate that most of the fractions show some cytotoxicity against all cell lines, but 33% of the fractions (F1, F2, F7, F12) display selectivity towards cancer cell models. We demonstrate for the first time that native Ganoderma species can generate metabolites with anti-TNBC properties. Future avenues will focus on structure elucidation of the most active fractions of these Ganoderma extracts.