bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of raw pea (Pisum sativum) or blue lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius) on the level of selected bioactive substances in pork meat
Authors: Sońta Marcin , Łukasiewicz-Mierzejewska Monika , Puppel Kamila , Rekiel Anna , Więcek Justyna , Batorska Martyna
Published: September 2021

The study objective was to evaluate the impact of different contributions of pea (Pisum sativum) cultivar Hubal and blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) cultivar Regent on the level of selected bioactive substances in pork meat. One hundred three cross-breed piglets: ♀ (Landrace × Yorkshire) × ♂ Duroc were used. Two experiments were performed, in which pea seeds (experiment I: E1 – 5.0% pea seeds; E2 – 10.0% pea seeds; E3 – 15.0% pea seeds; E4 – 17.5% pea seeds) and blue lupin seeds (experiment II; D1 – 5.0% blue lupin seeds; D2 – 10.0% blue lupin seeds; D3 – 15.0% blue lupin seeds D4 – 17.5% blue lupin seeds) were used instead of genetically modified soybean meal (SBM-GM). In each of the experiments 50 animals were divided into 5 groups (control – C, and four experimentals), placed in group pens, each for 10 individuals (sex ratio barrows : gilts – 1:1). The animals were weighed and tagged before the experiments. The initial body weight of the pigs at experiment I and II commencement was: 26.7 and 33.5 kg, and at the end of the experiments: 122.0 and 124.0, respectively. In the first experiment (progressive pea “seeds” contribution) the concentration of carnosine was shown to be higher in E4 than E3 and C by 47.3% and 94.2%, respectively. In comparison with group C, the Q10 coenzyme content in groups E1, E2, E3 and E4 was lower by 40.9%, 56.8%, 40.9% and 65.9% respectively. In the experiment II (progressive lupin “seeds” contribution) increased content of all of the investigated bioactive substances was recorded in groups D1-D3 vs C. Significant differences between groups C, D2, D4 for taurine (P≤0.05; P≤0.01) and creatine (P≤0.05) have been recorded. The content of bioactive substances in the longissimus lumborum muscle was significantly influenced by legumes, which increased the level of bioactive components of protein fraction. Therefore, it can be concluded that pea (Pisum sativum) cultivar Hubal and blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) cultivar Regent are an alternative to SBM-GM, increasing the nutritional value of pork meat.
Output Losses from Currency Crises and the Role of Central Bank
Authors: Yazdani Mahdi , Nikzad Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Generally, one of the important issues related to currency crises is the output losses caused by these phenomena. In this study, determinants of output losses and particularly the role of the central bank will be evaluated during currency crises. Moreover, the paper tries to investigate the roles of macroeconomic variables and also monetary, fiscal and exchange rate policies on the output losses during currency crises. In this regard, an econometric model with panel data has been used for emerging market countries during 1980-2016. The results show that currency crises accruing have a positive and significant effect on output losses. While the successful defence of central bank has had the negative effects on the output losses, but it is positive for the unsuccessful defence and the non-intervention or immediate depreciation. However, the role of the macroeconomic condition is important where total foreign reserves can be considered as a buffer against the output losses, while inflation and deviation of the real exchange rate from its trend have had positive effects on the output losses. Finally, the output losses can be reduced by an active monetary, fiscal and exchange rate policies.
دور الإدارة الرشيقة في نجاح المشاريع
Authors: الحربي دليل , الغامدي لينا
Published: September 2021

تعتبر الإدارة الرشيقة من المداخل الإدارية الحديثة التي تعالج كل أنواع الهدر في المشاريع وتتنبأ بالاستخدام الأمثل للموارد والمشاكل المحتملة فتعمل على حلها مما يسهم في نجاح المشاريع، ومن هنا هدفت هذه الورقة لمناقشة وتحليل دور الإدارة الرشيقة في نجاح المشاريع بمختلف مجالاتها وذلك بتحليل الدراسات السابقة التي تناولت هذا الموضوع ثم تقديم مراجعة نقدية لها، وذلك لسد عدة فجوات مثل حصر الدراسات الحديثة في هذا الحقل والتي تعتبر قليلة من وجهة نظر الباحثتين ومن ثم التعرف على أهم النتائج والتوصيات التي توصلت لها تلك الدراسات والتي تتمحور حول تأثير الادارة الرشيقة على نجاح المشاريع والارتقاء بأداء المنظمات . ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة فقد استخدمت هذه الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الوثائقي .أما نتائج الدراسة الحالية فقد اظهرت الأثر الكبير للإدارة الرشيقة والذي يكسب المشاريع التي تطبقها ميزات متعددة منها تحسين الإنتاجية في الاعمال الريادية والمساعدة على التخلص من الهدر المالي والبشري، والتخلص من الترهل الإداري وسرعة التجاوب مع التحديات والفرص، بالإضافة إلى تحسين التعامل مع عنصر الوقت في تحقيق أهداف المشروع، والنجاح في تحقيق سياسة التطوير الدائم داخل المشاريع واستمرارية نجاح تدفق العمليات من مرحلة التصنيع وحتى مرحلة الإنتاج، وقلة حدوث الأخطاء نتيجة التميز التقني للإدارة الرشيقة، وأخيرًا أوصت الدراسة بضرورة إجراء المزيد من الدراسات التجريبية والاستكشافية حول أثر الإدارة الرشيقة على نجاح المشاريع، وضرورة تطوير وتدريب الموارد البشرية داخل المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة وتنمية قدراتهم حول تطبيق ممارسات الإدارة الرشيقة وذلك لتشجيع تطبيقها وتطبيق آلياتها والعمل عليها وتسهيل فهمها ومعرفة نتائجها.
Nutritional Intervention in Paediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Clinical Case Reports
Authors:   Central Cheshire Integrated Care Partnership, Simpson Kathryn
Published: September 2021

The nutritional management of the complex needs child with impaired gastrointestinal function can be challenging. Gastrointestinal intolerance is a common occurrence in these children, including frequent episodes of reflux that can progress to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD).
Benefits of Using a Low-Calorie Whey Peptide Enteral Formula in Children with Gastrointestinal Impairment, Complex Condition and Having Lower Energy Needs - A Series of Clinical Case Reports
Authors:   The Royal Belfast Hospital For Sick Children, Wright Esther
Published: September 2021

Swallowing and feeding difficulties associated with Neurological Impairment (NI) can impact on children’s ability to meet nutritional requirements orally and so enteral nutrition is often required.
Does vitamin D deficiency in asthma affect clinical and functional parameters? A Turkish multicenter study
Authors: Sarıoglu Nurhan , Yalcın Arzu Didem , Sahin Fusun , Soyyigit Sadan , Tepetam Fatma Merve , Erel Fuat
Published: September 2021

Background: In recent years, interest in the effects of vitamin D on human health and the immune system has increased. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of vitamin D with asthma severity, attacks, and clinical and functional parameters
in adult patients with asthma who were living in different geographic regions in Turkey. Methods: A total of 384 patients with stable asthma and 87 control subjects were included. A physical examination and a pulmonary function test were performed, and routine blood analyses
and vitamin D levels were evaluated. Asthma Control Test was applied. The number of exacerbations in the previous year, asthma therapy, and medication adherence were recorded. Results: In our study, vitamin D levels were below the target values in both patients with asthma
(median [minimum-maximum] 16.0 ng/mL [3.5‐48 ng/ml]) and control subjects (median [minimum-maximum] 20.0 ng/mL [5.8‐58.79 ng/mL]). However, it was lower in the patients with asthma than in the control subjects (p = 0.001). There was a negative relationship between the levels
of vitamin D and the severity of asthma (Kendall τ = −0.146; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the patients with severe asthma were received The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) step 5 treatment showed significantly lower vitamin D compared with the patients who received GINA step 4
treatment (p = 0.037). Vitamin D levels correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (r, 0.221‐0.236; p ≤ 0.001). In addition, a positive relationship was found between Asthma Control
Test and vitamin D (r = 0.229; p = 0.001). However, body mass index (BMI), asthma exacerbation, and hospitalization were inversely related to vitamin D (r, 0.198‐0.233; p = 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that FVC (p = 0.002), FEV1 (p = 0.033), and BMI
(p = 0.037) were independent determinants associated with vitamin D. Conclusion: This study suggested a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adults with asthma living in different geographic areas in Turkey. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with asthma severity,
poor control, and lower lung function.
Impact of type 2 targeting biologics on acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Patel Gayatri B. , Kudlaty Elizabeth A. , Guo Amina , Yeh Chen , Kim Margaret S. , Price Caroline P.E. , Conley David , Grammer Leslie C. , Kalhan Ravi , Kern Robert C. , McGrath Kris G. , Tan Bruce K. , Rosenberg Sharon R. , Schleimer Robert P. , Smith Stephanie S. , Stevens Whitney W. , Welch Kevin C. , Peters Anju T.
Published: September 2021

Background: Acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis (AECRS) are associated with significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. There are sparse data assessing the real-world impact of biologics on AECRS. Objectives: We sought to determine the
impact of type 2‐targeting biologics on the frequency of medication use for AECRS episodes. Methods: Antibiotic and/or systemic corticosteroid courses for AECRS were identified in a retrospective study from November 2015 to February 2020, at a single academic health
system. The estimated yearly rates for antibiotic and corticosteroid courses were evaluated before and after initiation of type 2 biologics. Results: One-hundred and sixty-five patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) had received either omalizumab (n = 12), mepolizumab
(n = 42), benralizumab (n = 44), dupilumab (n = 61), or reslizumab (n = 6). Seventy percent had CRS with nasal polyps, and 30% had CRS without nasal polyps. All the patients had asthma. When all the biologics were combined, the estimated yearly rate for antibiotics for AECRS decreased from
1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12‐1.59) to 0.68 (95% CI, 0.52‐0.88) with biologic use (49% reduction, p < 0.001). Those with frequent AECRS (three or more courses of antibiotics in the 1 year before biologic use) had a larger degree of reduction, with an estimated
yearly rate of 4.15 (95% CI, 3.79‐4.55) to 1.58 (95% CI, 1.06‐2.35) with biologic use (n = 27; 62% reduction; p < 0.001). Within the total cohort, the estimated yearly rate for systemic corticosteroids for AECRS decreased from 1.69 (95% CI, 1.42‐2.02) to 0.68 (95% CI,
0.53‐0.88) with biologic use (60% reduction; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Type 2‐targeting biologics reduced medication use for AECRS. This suggested that biologics may be a therapeutic option for patients with frequent AECRS.
Efficacy and safety of crisaborole in patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis and other atopic comorbidities
Authors: Spergel Jonathan M. , Blaiss Michael S. , Lio Peter , Kessel Aharon , Cantrell Wendy C. , Takiya Liza , Werth John L. , O'Connell Michael A. , Zang Chuanbo , Cork Michael J.
Published: September 2021

Background:Crisaborole is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the efficacy and safety of crisaborole in patients with AD and other atopic comorbidities have not been investigated.Objective:Thispost hocpooled analysis of the pivotal phase III studies (CrisADe CORE 1 and CORE 2) assessed the efficacy and safety of crisaborole versus vehicle in patients aged ≥ 2 years with mild-to-moderate AD and other atopic comorbidities.Methods:Patients with mild-to-moderate AD and a medical history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, or food allergies were identified. Efficacy assessments included the proportion of patients who achieved Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) success at day 29, ISGA clear or almost clear at day 29, and improvement in the Severity of Pruritus Scale score at week 4. Safety was assessedviatreatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).Results:This analysis included 1522 patients (crisaborole, 1016; vehicle, 506); 26.2, 15.9, and 16.5% had a medical history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies, respectively. The mean age was 12.2 years. A significantly greater proportion of patients treated with crisaborole achieved ISGA success at day 29 compared with patients treated with vehicle for most subgroups analyzed. Furthermore, a significantly greater proportion of patients treated with crisaborole achieved ISGA clear or almost clear at day 29 across all subgroups and demonstrated improvement in the Severity of Pruritus Scale score at week 4 versus patients treated with vehicle in most of the subgroups. Overall, most TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity; the most common treatment-related TEAE in patients with atopic comorbidities was application-site pain (crisaborole, 5.1%; vehicle, 1.7%).Conclusion:Crisaborole was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with mild-to-moderate AD and other atopic comorbidities, which suggested that crisaborole should be considered for the management of AD in this population. Clinical Trials NCT02118766 (CrisADe CORE 1) and NCT02118792 (CrisADe CORE 2), www.clinicaltrials.gov
The global burden of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases in children less than 5 years of age: Implications for COVID-19 vaccination. How can we do better?
Authors: Frenkel Lawrence D.
Published: September 2021

Background: Infectious diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As of 2018, the total world population of children < 5 years of age was roughly estimated at 679 million. Of these children, an estimated 5.3 million died of all causes in 2018, with
an estimated 700,000 who died of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases; 99% of the children who died had lived in low- and middle-income countries. The infectious diseases that remain major causes of mortality for which vaccines have been shown to provide proven preventive success include,
in order of prevalence, are those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Rotavirus, Bordetella pertussis, measles virus, Haemophilus influenzae type b and influenza virus. Objective: The purpose of the present report was to address the global burden of these six vaccine-preventable
infectious diseases in children < 5 years of age, together with implications for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in children. Methods: The current immunization strategies for the prevention of the six vaccine-preventable infectious diseases
in children are reviewed as a framework for new strategies of vaccine prevention of COVID-19 in children. Results: The burden of addressing vaccine prevention of future infectious disease in children can be effectively pursued through knowledge gained from past experiences
with vaccine usage in these six vaccine-preventable childhood infectious diseases. Conclusion: Issues with regard to the burden of disease mortality, disease transmission, and available vaccines as well as vaccine successes and shortcomings for specific pathogens can serve
as important landmarks for effective use of future vaccines. Although much success has been made globally in preventing these childhood deaths, much remains to be done.
Effect of COVID-19 on hereditary angioedema activity and quality of life
Authors: Can Bostan Ozge , Tuncay Gulseren , Damadoglu Ebru , Karakaya Gul , Kalyoncu Ali Fuat
Published: September 2021

Background:The demonstration that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the cellviathe angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor has raised concerns that, in hereditary angioedema (HAE), a disease characterized by bradykinin-mediated angioedema attacks, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may trigger angioedema attacks, increase the frequency and/or severity of attacks, or cause more severe symptoms of COVID-19.Objective:The objective was to evaluate the severity of COVID-19 in patients with HAE, the course of HAE attacks, angioedema activity, and the quality-of-life scores during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Patients diagnosed with HAE for at least 6 months were included in the study. The 7-day Angioedema Activity Score and the Angioedema Quality of Life (AE-QoL) Questionnaire were first completed at the onset of the pandemic between March 12 and June 1, 2020, then during SARS-CoV-2 infection, and in the third month after recovering from COVID-19.Results:Ten of 67 patients with HAE (14.9%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. The median (interquartile range) age of the 10 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 was 35.5 years (28.0‐55.0 years). Six of the 10 patients (60%) were women. During COVID-19, five of the 10 patients (50%) had no angioedema attack. Two patients with severe HAE experienced a significant increase in angioedema activity during COVID-19 compared with their basal activity scores. The remaining three patients had a similar or lower attack frequency than their basal level. Four (40%) of the 10 patients had a relative increase in their attacks during the convalescence period. There was no statistically significant difference among pre-COVID-19, during COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 periods in function, mood, fear and/or shame, nutrition, and total scores of the AE-QoL Questionnaire although the fear dimension was relatively more affected (p = 0.06).Conclusion:Although the sample size was small, analysis of our data supported that the symptoms of COVID-19 were not more severe in HAE. Also, there was no significant difference in the AE-QoL Questionnaire scores, the frequency, and severity of angioedema attacks during the course of COVID-19 in the patients with HAE.
The Necessity of Vocational Education for Children in Preschool
Authors: Manh Ha Pham
Published: September 2021

Vocational education is an important activity in the process of developing the capacity to choose a career. Vocational education activities not only involve students, but are used to refer to all activities intended to support individuals of all ages and at all times in life with career understanding, make choices about career, job, job. Career guidance should be conducted right from the preschool level to prepare children for the perfect future career. The article is based on the results of analysis of Vietnam policy documents, domestic and foreign studies on vocational education as well as in-depth interviews. The article analyzes the role and tasks of vocational education for preschool children, some vocational education activities in preschools in Vietnam today, principles of vocational education for preschool children. In particular, the author also mentioned some forms of vocational education that have been implemented for preschool children today, such as field visits, vocational experience, career guidance.
The Influence of the Antecedents of SCQRM Implementation on Organizational Performance with the Moderating Role of Organizational Culture in the Indonesian Navy
Authors: Riyadi Yohannes Enggar , Warsindah Lucy , Adriyanto Agus , Waluyo Dangan
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the antecedents of Supply chain quality risk management (SCQRM) implementation on organizational performance with the moderating role of organizational culture in the Indonesian Navy. Based on data from questionnaire survey data totaling 260 Indonesian Navy officers, the SCQRM theory model is proposed and the structural equation model is used to test the proposed hypothesis. The results show that strategic leadership, information, and control mechanisms are significant antecedents of SCQRM implementation. Furthermore, strategic leadership and information significantly contribute to organizational performance. An interesting finding is that control mechanisms do not have a direct impact on organizational performance, but they do contribute indirectly to organizational performance mediated by SCQRM implementation. Also, SCQRM implementation significantly contributes to organizational performance and the moderating effect of organizational culture strengthens the relationship between SCQRM implementation and organizational performance. This study focuses on the concept and implementation of SCQRM in Indonesian Navy logistics with the role of strategic leadership, information, control mechanisms, and organizational culture to improve organizational performance using single respondents and expert perceptions, namely Indonesian Navy Officers. The managerial implications suggest that complementary benefits arise from the adoption of a more holistic approach to the management of supply chain quality risk at the organizational level with supported the role of strategic leadership, information, control mechanisms, and organizational culture will improve organizational performance. Three contributions to science in the development of SCQRM theory. First, this study develops an SCQRM theoretical model with three unique dimensions (supplier development, risk management integration, and proactive product recall). Second, this study provides a new perfection of how the complementarity system of SCQRM is operated to improve organizational performance. Moreover, the findings imply that a successful SCQRM implementation is built on a complementarity power in risk management resources and routines. The multiple manifestations of the three SCQRM dimensions are all driven by a cohesive, yet unobserved synergy, which also forms one of the competencies of the organization. Third, this study also provides a new perfection on the role of strategic leadership, information and control mechanisms as antecedents of SCQRM implementation, and the moderating role of organizational culture that strengthens the relationship between SCQRM implementation and organizational performance.
The Impact of Organizational Culture Towards Organizational Citizenship Behavior Through Job Satisfaction and Competency Among Online Media Employees
Authors: Anindita Rina , Bachtiar Nandya Putri
Published: September 2021

The objective of this research is to identify whether the organizational culture becomes the correct foundation to increase organizational citizenship behavior with work satisfaction and competency. This research is expected to become a reference for the next research about the impact of organizational culture on organizational citizenship behavior based on work satisfaction and competency. On top of that, this research is expected to provide valuable information so it can become a base study or consideration for a company, especially in the media industry to effectively manage its human resources. Media industry have a unique character because they give freedom to their employee to make them get used to multitasking. Therefore, it needed support from an external factor which is to create a good organizational culture that will create work satisfaction and develop competencies as well as improve OCB behavior among employees. This research is conducted by using questioners with 245 respondents that work in online media from December to January 2020. The data has been analyzed by using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The result of this research shows that there is a relationship between organizational culture the work satisfaction among the employee of the online media industry. Furthermore, there is a relationship between organizational culture towards employee competency in the online media industry and it also shows a relation between work satisfaction towards organizational citizenship behavior in online media industry employees. Lastly, the result also shows a relation between competency towards organization citizenship behavior in online media industry employees. On the other hand, work satisfaction and competency also mediate the relation between organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior.
Farmācijas attīstība okupāciju varu ietekmē Latvijā (1939–1960). Promocijas darba kopsavilkums
Authors:   ,   Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Lauze Sabīne
Published: September 2021

Promocijas darbā “Farmācijas attīstība okupāciju varu ietekmē Latvijā (1939–1960)” raksturota farmācijas kā nozares mainība, adaptācija un attīstība divu totalitāro režīmu realizējošu okupāciju varu ietekmē, par būtiskiem situāciju raksturojošiem rādītājiem izvirzot aptieku un farmaceitisko darbinieku skaita izmaiņas, kā arī medikamentu pieejamību iedzīvotājiem. Promocijas darba hronoloģiskās robežas izvēlētas, balstoties uz apsvērumu sniegt ieskatu par situāciju pirmskara laikā un sekām pēckara apstākļos, taču galveno uzmanību koncentrējot uz notikumiem laikā no 1940. līdz 1945. gadam. Promocijas darbā aplūkota farmācija Latvijā īsi pirms Otrā Pasaules kara sākuma, kur sīkāk iztirzāta Kārļa Ulmaņa (1877–1942) autoritārā režīma politikas un vācbaltiešu izceļošanas ietekme. Raksturotas gan PSRS pirmās, gan nacistiskās Vācijas okupāciju varas izraisītā politiski ekonomisko norišu ietekme uz farmācijas nozari, akcentējot likumdošanu, farmāciju uzraugošo iestāžu darbību un atbildīgajos amatos esošo personu rīcību. Darbā apkopota informācija par iedzīvotāju, kuri izsūtīti no Latvijas 1941. gada 14. jūnijā, personu lietām un tā rezultātā sniegts ieskats par izsūtīto farmaceitu, asistentu un praktikantu aresta aktu sastādīšanu, apsūdzībām, kā arī turpmāko likteni. Raksturota arī situācija nozarē pēckara gados, latviešu farmaceitu došanās trimdā un latviešu farmaceita, ārsta Hugo Skudiņa (1903–1976) darbība Latvijas Sarkanā Krusta organizācijā trimdas apstākļos Vācijā, kas bija vērsta uz medikamentu pieejamības uzlabošanu Latvijas iedzīvotājiem laikā no 1954. līdz 1960. gadam.
How Female Students Are “Educated” to Retreat from Leadership: An Example from the Chinese Schooling Context
Authors: Wang Yijie , Wang Qiran
Published: September 2021

Women’s continued under-representation in leadership positions is well documented. This article asserts that part of the reason for this can be found within educational settings. Chinese educational environments are examined using secondary data analysis, and it is argued that a) the protective approach that teachers adopt towards female students, b) the reserved and unworldly female images exhibited by textbooks, and c) the improper view of leadership that girls tend to develop through classroom-based leadership experiences combine to damage girls’ leadership potential. These mechanisms are usually unintentional and hard to detect, which means that part of the solution lies in promoting the awareness of teachers and educational leaders. Meanwhile, it is important to note that this issue is not merely about equal treatment for both genders; rather, it is broadly linked to our construction of leadership as a concept. Ultimately, the educational setting is expected not only to produce an equal number of “great women” and “great men”, but also—partly through its explorations of how to cultivate the female version of a “great man”—to contribute to updating and advancing the “leadership” concept and practice as a whole.
Academic Reading Format Preferences and Behaviours: An Exploratory Study amongst Undergraduate African University Students
Authors: Enakrire Rexwhite Tega , Mostert Janneke
Published: September 2021

To be academically successful a university student is required to read extensively on topics related to his or her field of study. The current proliferation and availability of electronic academic reading materials on various online platforms require academic staff to gain an understanding of their impact on the format preference and reading behaviour of students. Knowledge of emerging trends can guide academic staff to provide reading materials in the format best suited to the reading preferences of students. To establish the current format and reading behaviour trends a multiple case study design was employed targeting undergraduate students from the University of Zululand, South Africa and Delta State University, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 237 students. A combined return rate of 69.9% was achieved. The findings revealed a strong preference for reading textbooks in printed format. The preference for reading documents in electronic or print format was influenced by factors such as the  length of the document, the purpose of reading the document, and whether the document is written in the student’s native language or not. External factors such as access to electronic gadgets and data, and the cost thereof, as well as peer pressure also influenced preference for a specific format. The study recommends that regular surveys should be conducted in academic institutions to keep track of current and changing trends in the format preferences and resultant reading behaviour of the students to enable academics to adapt their prescribed reading materials to a format best suited to the students’ preferences.
Transtorno de ansiedade generalizada: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Lopes Amanda Brandão , Souza Luisa Lago de , Camacho Lara Ferreira , Nogueira Simone Fernandes , Vasconcelos Ana Carolina Marinho Coelho , Paula Lays Teixeira de , Santos Matheus de Oliveira , Atavila Fernanda Paula , Cebarro Gabrielle Fernanda , Fernandes Rogério Wilson Brandão
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Ampliar os conhecimentos sobre Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizada (TAG). Revisão bibliográfica: A ansiedade é uma emoção humana considerada normal, no entanto, algumas vezes pode se tornar excessiva e assumir um significado patológico, se tornando um distúrbio psiquiátrico e trazendo prejuízos à vida do indivíduo. O TAG é muitas vezes subdiagnosticadoe tratado de maneira incorreta. As pessoas que apresentam sintomas sugestivos da doença devem procurar um médico psiquiatra para uma avaliação. O diagnóstico é realizado através dos critérios recomendados pelo DiagnosticandStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders V(DSM-V).O tratamento é feito com terapia, principalmente com a Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental (TCC) e/ou medicamentos, preferencialmente com as drogas de primeira linha: Inibidores Seletivos da Recaptação de Serotonina (ISRS) e Inibidores da Receptação de Serotonina e Noradrenalina (IRSN). A combinação de ambos é a melhor opção terapêutica. Considerações finais: O TAG é um distúrbio psiquiátrico extremamente prevalente na sociedade atual e que causa inúmeros problemas sociais. Portanto, deve ser devidamente diagnosticado e tratado afim de evitar complicações do quadro.
Healthcare Innovation and Design Thinking
Authors: Srinivas Gunda
Published: September 2021

The objective of this article is to bring awareness to the changing landscape of the healthcare ecosystem and the clinician’s role with respect to medical devices, medical systems, technology, and processes involved in the system. Clinicians interact with them every day and have a huge implication for them directly, and to their patients indirectly. Clinicians are actively involved in clinical research which involves the knowledge and practice of the disease, diagnosis and management, etc. Recently, the role of non-clinical aspects such as medical devices, processes and systems of the healthcare ecosystem is gaining popularity. Hence, there is potential to explore this aspect of the healthcare delivery system to redesign and innovate for improving clinical outcomes. To achieve this, the clinicians need to understand these systems from a perspective that will help them to identify the problems and develop innovative solutions. Just like the clinical research is systematic and methodical, the improvement of the medical systems is also methodical to a large extent. This includes concepts and techniques that are quite fresh and new to a clinician who probably has never been exposed to these in their medical careers. These general principles of Innovation and Design thinking applied to other domains have yielded fantastic results and for the same to be applied in the medical domain, the role of the practicing clinician is central. As clinicians, we have always practiced innovation at some point of time in our career when we would have faced a resource crunch and were compelled to save the children and hence have tried to innovate on the devices, processes, etc., in our own way and has worked many a times. To generate many such solutions at large scale, the whole process needs to be methodical and systematic so that the solutions developed are safe and consistent at all times. Such a solution can be scaled up and made to reach across such setups where it is needed and there can be a measurable improvement in efficiency, quality, effectiveness, or economics of patient care delivery on a large scale.
Cerebellar mutism following head trauma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lahirish Issa Ali Muftah , Alhdad Faraj Ibrahim , Al-Sharshahi Zahraa F. , Al-Tles Alhadi Milad , Shmila Mohammed Mustafa , Hoz Samer S. , Neto Mateus Reghin
Published: September 2021

Background:

Cerebellar mutism (CM) is defined as the lack of speech production, despite an intact state of consciousness and cognitive function, that happens secondary to a cerebellar insult. To the best of our knowledge, only five cases have thus far been described in the English literature. In this paper, we report the sixth incidence overall, which is also the first case of a CM associated with penetrating head injury. The relevant literature is reviewed and analyzed, our current knowledge of the neuroanatomical and functional relations is summarized, and potential future research endeavors are indicated.

Case Description:

An 8-year-old girl was transferred to our hospital having had fallen on a rod that penetrated her neck behind the ear. An urgent computed tomography scan of the head revealed a right cerebellar contusion with surrounding edema. Three days later, she became mute but was still obeying commands. Repeat imaging showed a resolving cerebellar contusion with increased edema and mass effect. By day 9, she had uttered a few words. At 1-month follow-up, the child had regained normal speech.

Conclusion:

Posttraumatic CM is a rare and probably underreported condition with only six documented cases to date. Although it may well be on the same spectrum as postoperative CM, further understanding of the exact mechanism, clinical course, and prognosis of this entity is bound to significantly improve the recovery and quality of life of head trauma patients.
Recommencement of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy following non-operative management of a Chronic Subdural Hematoma – Is there an optimal time frame?
Authors: Shah Savan , George K. Joshi
Published: September 2021

Background:

There is no consensus among clinicians regarding recommencement of antithrombotic agents following conservative management of a Chronic Subdural Hematoma (cSDH). Thus, the primary objective of this study was to determine the most commonly recommended interval and whether the data reveal a general consensus that should be adopted.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of Salford Royal Foundation Trust’s Neurosurgical referral database for patients referred with a cSDH between March 2017 and March 2020 was carried out. Patients were sorted by whether they were on blood-thinning medications.

Results:

Over the 3-year period, there were a total of 1220 referral and 1099 patients. 502 (41.14%) of these referrals and 479 (43.59%) patients were on one more blood thinning agent. Of these patients 221 (46.13%) conservative management, there was a clear male predominance (M: F ≈ 2.5:1) in this cohort. 2 weeks was the most commonly advised time-frame (n = 76, 36.36%) to withhold. Of the 234 referrals, there were 13 (5.88%) re-referrals in total. Crucially, there was no significant difference in reaccumulation rates between patients asked to withhold their blood thinners for 2 weeks versus those asked to stop for longer than 2 weeks (P = 0.57).

Conclusion:

For the majority of bleeds, there is no clear benefit from asking patients to withhold their anticoagulant/antiplatelet for longer than 2 weeks. In cases, where it is deemed appropriate to stop for longer than 2 weeks, clear instructions should be provided and documented along with reasons behind the decision.
Utility of O-arm navigation for atlantoaxial fusion with Bow Hunter’s syndrome
Authors: Shigekawa Seiji , Inoue Akihiro , Tagawa Masahiko , Kohno Daisuke , Kunieda Takeharu
Published: September 2021

Background:

In spinal instrumentation surgery, safe and accurate placement of implants such as lateral mass screws and pedicle screws should be a top priority. In particular, C2 stabilization can be challenging due to the complex anatomy of the upper cervical spine. Here, we present a case of Bow Hunter’s syndrome (BHS) successfully treated by an O-arm-navigated atlantoaxial fusion.

Case Description:

A 53-year-old male presented with a 10-year history of repeated episodes of transient loss of consciousness following neck rotation to the right. Although the unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed no pathological findings, the MR angiogram with dynamic digital subtraction angiography revealed a dominant left vertebral artery (VA) and hypoplasia of the right VA. The latter study further demonstrated significant flow reduction in the left VA at the C1-C2 level when the head was rotated toward the right. With these findings of BHS, a C1-C2 decompression/posterior fusion using the Goel-Harms technique with O-arm navigation was performed. The postoperative cervical X-rays showed adequate decompression/fixation, and symptoms resolved without sequelae.

Conclusion:

C1-C2 posterior decompression/fusion effectively treats BHS, and is more safely/effectively performed utilizing O-arm navigation for C1-C2 screw placement.
STATE OF CONCENTRATION AND MONOPOLIZATION OF THE INSURANCE MARKET OF UKRAINE
Authors: Novoseletska Anna
Published: September 2021

The intensity and quality of insurance market development are directly related to the level of competition, concentration and monopolization between insurance companies. Although the insurance market of Ukraine is insignificant in terms of key indicators in comparison with foreign ones, the competitiveness of its insurers is very important to ensure proper insurance protection of policyholders. The article is devoted to the assessment of the processes of concentration and monopolization of the insurance market of Ukraine. The study analyzed the structure of the insurance market by segments, concentration indicators and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index for the market as a whole and for individual types of insurance, gradation of insurance companies by the amount of collected insurance premiums. Based on the assessment, it was determined that the insurance market of Ukraine is generally low concentrated, as well as the sector of risky types of insurance. Among the selected segments of the insurance market, the most concentrated is the CASCO insurance. In the field of health insurance there is a slightly lower level of concentration and monopolization as in the OTSPVVNTZ segment. The market of classical property insurance is the least concentrated. The life insurance segment is characterized by moderate concentration and monopolization. The most powerful insurance companies in the relevant sectors of the insurance market of Ukraine are outlined. Since 2015, the top three leaders of the life insurance market are PJSC “MetLife”, PJSC “Insurance Group TAS” and PJSC “IC UNIСA LIFE”. Virtually unchanged leaders in the field of risk insurance during 2018-2020 were PJSC “IC ARX”, PJSC “IC UNICA” and PJSC “Insurance Group TAS”, which are members of financial groups that include leaders of the life insurance market. In general, the national insurance market is becoming more concentrated, which will be appropriate and accepted benefits while strong market players will not involve their residents, and the state controls these processes.
HOW TO USE WRITERS' PIECES OF ART – POPULARIZERS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOFT SKILLS OF ENGINEERING STUDENTS
Authors: Tyron Olena M.
Published: September 2021

Fiction writers who are engaged in science is a phenomenon. We studied this phenomenon to gain new opportunities for the development of soft skills in students of technical specialties and to widen the possibility of popularizing scientific achievements. The chronological boundaries of the study cover the period of XVIII – the first half of XX century; geographical boundaries cover Europe, the United Kingdom and the United States. The relevance of the study is related to the relevance of popularizing science among students of technical specialties, as well as the development of soft skills through writing stories about scientific discoveries, fostering interest in reading fiction about science and technology. The purpose of the study was to find psychological and informational material that will affect the emotional sphere of the student's personality and motivate him to write and read works of art about research and innovation. The ability to use research on the role of writers as promoters of science and technology depends on how we provide information about their works. In this regard, we offer a psychological technique to impress readers of scientific stories, i.e. the effect of “wow” as a combination of the factor “wow” and the halo effect. Stories about science affect different areas of human activity. They are used to address environmental, medical, political and other issues. The information material of the study confirms the following: if scientists and inventors do not demonstrate the consequences of their inventions and discoveries, it leads to erroneous assumptions, causes alarm in society and affects the mind of the individual. We studied the nature of writers' connection to science and sought answers to the question of whether writing works of art and the ability to do research could be equal aspects of an individual's abilities. The results of the study prove that these abilities predominate in only one area of activity. We also support the view that writers can be impartial promoters of science and technology. However, we propose this idea for discussion because writers demonstrate more the ethical side of the interaction between science and the human mind than they disseminate scientific facts. The further development of the study will be related to the study of the influence of science fiction on consciousness, namely how science fiction informs the reader about the current state of the world and draws attention to the changes we must make as a species.
Atonic iris syndrome in cataract surgery in patients with prostate adenoma
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Kopaev S.Y. , Kesisidu N.G. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Keshishev N.G. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow
Published: September 2021

Первая отечественная монография, посвященная влиянию различной длительности приема альфа1-адреноблокаторов на диафрагмальную функцию радужной оболочки у пациентов с возрастной катарактой и аденомой простаты. Представлены прогностические критерии развития синдрома атоничной радужки в ходе факоэмульсификации катаракты, которые обеспечивают выявление пациентов с клинически значимым флоппи-ирис синдромом, способствуя надлежащей его профилактике. Предложен алгоритм хирургии катаракты у данной категории пациентов. Руководство предназначено врачам-офтальмологам и урологам.
Upaya Dalam Menangani Korban Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak (Studi Pada Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan Perlindungan Anak dan Pengendalian Penduduk Keluarga Berencana Kabupaten Pelalawan)
Authors: Wilis Hestiningsih  , Riky Novarizal
Published: September 2021

This research purpose is to know kriminogen factor that cause of criminal action sexual violence of children of Pelalawan Regency and to knows hpw does the effort of woman and children department and inhabitant control planed family in cope with criminal action sexual violence of children at Pelalawan Regency. This research is descriptive empirical. The date uses is primer date interview and secunder date through book. Collection technique is from study case and literature study. Analyst date technique did by used, collective, and selection date from thr study case add connecting by the theory and principle with law of norin from literature study. Based from the research result shows that effort to take in halde sexual violence of children can do as SOP that unchanged it strated from society complaint, reaching victims, management case, temporary collecting, mediation, accompanying victims and evaluation activity towards sub district and lillages in Pelalawan Regency. The effectiveness of this effort gave to the sexual violence of children at Pelalawan Regency was not effective yet,so that needed social awareness to words sexual violence of children.
La designación occidental en la categoría analítica del MENA y su influencia en la compresión del continente africano
Authors: Rios Beatriz Pineda
Published: September 2021

El objetivo general de este texto es analizar cómo la región “Medio Oriente y Norte de África” es una categoría analítica cuya construcción histórica posee un componente relevante de designación y representación por parte de Occidente en los países que incluye, lo que influye directamente en la manera de comprenderlos, estudiarlos y analizarlos. Centrándonos en los países del Norte de África, reflexionaremos cómo la categoría del MENA ha sido un elemento fundamental en la concepción de un África dividida: un África “blanca” y musulmana, frente a un África subsahariana, “negra” y cristiana. En este sentido, un objetivo específico es identificar los intereses políticos occidentales coloniales en África tras la designación de la región del MENA, expresados en el discurso orientalista.
Strong Depth Relevance
Authors: Logan Shay Allen
Published: September 2021

Relevant logics infamously have the property that they only validate a conditional when some propositional variable is shared between its antecedent and consequent. This property has been strengthened in a variety of ways over the last half-century. Two of the more famous of these strengthenings are the strong variable sharing property and the depth relevance property. In this paper I demonstrate that an appropriate class of relevant logics has a property that might naturally be characterized as the supremum of these two properties. I also show how to use this fact to demonstrate that these logics seem to be constructive in previously unknown ways.
Classic homocystinuria: clinical, biochemical and radiological observations, and therapeutic outcome of 24 Saudi patients
Authors: Al Essa M. A. , Rashed M. S. , Ozand P. T.
Published: September 2021

We considered the clinical, biochemical and radiological findings, and response to pyridoxine [vitamin B6]of 24 classic homocystinuric patients [15 females, 9 males]diagnosed at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. Common clinical findings included ectopia lentis [20 patients], skeletal system involvement [18 patients], vascular system involvement [9 patients]and mental retardation [all patients to varying degrees]. A number of unusual findings were reported. The parents of 21 patients were first-degree relatives and 19 patients had at least one other family member affected by the same disease. Only 4 patients responded to pyridoxine; their methionine level decreased to almost normal range
Tyrosinaemia type II: an easily diagnosed metabolic disorder with a rewarding therapeutic response
Authors: Al Essa M. A. , Rashed M. S. , Ozand P. T.
Published: September 2021

We retrospectively reviewed clinical and biochemical data of four patients diagnosed with tyrosinaemia type II. Diagnosis was established by high plasma tyrosine and normal plasma phenylalanine levels using plasma high-pressure liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. All patients were mildly mentally retarded and had painful non-pruritic and hyperkeratotic plaques on the soles and palms. There were no ophthalmic symptoms. The patients dramatically responded clinically and biochemically to a diet restricted in tyrosine and phenylalanine