bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Public Transportation Markets on Their Diffusion in Consumer Markets
Authors: Zhang Caiyun , Lee Julie Anne , Sneddon Joanne , Shi Zhuomin
Published: April 2023

Green innovative products usually diffuse in both the organizational and consumer markets at the same time. It is important to carefully consider how the diffusion in these different markets may interact with each other. This article focuses on how the large-scale adoption of electric vehicles in public transportation markets affects individuals' perceptions and preferences in consumer markets. Experiment 1 demonstrates that in the separate evaluation mode, consumers are more inclined to purchase vehicles from a company that sells electric buses, taxis, or online booking cars in addition to personal cars, compared to a company that solely focuses on selling electric vehicles to individual consumers. Furthermore, the large-scale adoption of electric vehicles in public transportation markets enhances consumers' perception of the functional and expressive value of these products. However, experiment 2 reveals that in the joint evaluation mode, the product preferences are reversed. When consumers have the opportunity to compare and choose between a company that specializes in selling personal cars and one that offers both personal cars and public vehicles, they express a preference for purchasing a car from the former, believing that it has higher functional and expressive value compared to the latter. This paper highlights that the change in evaluation mode leads to differences in consumers' interpretation of signals sent by companies. In the separate evaluation mode, consumers are more likely to perceive positive signals related to products, while in the joint evaluation mode, they are more likely to perceive negative signals related to products, leading to a reversal of product preference. This article promotes an understanding of the subsequent influence of companies entering the organizational market.
delito de ultrajes. Análisis jurisprudencial de sus elementos
Authors: Chaparro Matamoros Pedro
Published: April 2023

El Código Penal contiene, en su artículo 543, el denominado «delito de ultrajes», que trata de reprimir los comportamientos de signo antiespañolista tendentes a la ofensa de la nación española y su sentimiento de unidad. En concreto, el precepto señala que: «Las ofensas o ultrajes de palabra, por escrito o de hecho a España, a sus comunidades autónomas o a sus símbolos o emblemas, efectuados con publicidad, se castigarán con la pena de multa de siete a doce meses».
En este sentido, la conducta tipificada en el precepto consiste en realizar «ofensas o ultrajes», algo que doctrina y jurisprudencia han considerado equivalente a «injuria grave». En cuanto a las modalidades de comisión, las «ofensas o ultrajes» pueden efectuarse «de palabra, por escrito o de hecho». En los dos primeros casos, la ofensa parece menos ofensiva por cuanto no se utiliza la fuerza; en el caso de la ofensa «de hecho», parece más lesiva en tanto en cuanto implica la realización de una conducta que, en la generalidad de los casos, afectará a la bandera española.
Por otro lado, las ofensas han de ir dirigidas contra «España, sus comunidades autónomas, o sus símbolos o emblemas». La determinación de qué ha de entenderse por los conceptos anteriores ha sido efectuada por la jurisprudencia, que ha afirmado que son sujetos pasivos del delito «la nación española, el sentimiento de su unidad, el Estado, su forma política, así como sus símbolos y emblemas, siendo dichos símbolos o emblemas, principalmente, la bandera nacional o bandera de España […], el himno nacional y el escudo constitucional».
Las ofensas, en fin, han de realizarse con publicidad, lo que significa que deben ser realizadas en presencia de otras personas, pues «si tal elemento no concurre, la ofensa no trasciende al ámbito privado y resulta absolutamente inocua».
Queda apuntar, por último, la posible inconstitucionalidad del precepto, por tipificar unas conductas que, en los más de los casos, no serán sino manifestaciones de la libertad de expresión y del pluralismo político e ideológico.
El derecho de objeción de conciencia sanitaria a la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo
Authors: Martín Ayala María , García Amez Javier , González García Lola
Published: April 2023

Con la entrada en vigor de la Ley Orgánica 2/2010, de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva y de Interrupción Voluntaria al Embarazo, se reconoce por primera vez en un texto legal el derecho a la objeción de conciencia sanitaria en relación con la práctica del aborto, que, al tratarse de un tema en el que han de considerarse ideas, creencias y convicciones morales, culturales y sociales… y al constituir un punto de desencuentro de planteamientos doctrinales e interpretativos, parece justificada e inevitable la importante polémica social suscitada. Con el presente trabajo se pretende incidir en las consecuencias de este reconocimiento, así como poner de manifiesto los conflictos éticos y jurídicos que, a raíz de esta regulación, se plantean. Para ello se ha analizado los diferentes ámbitos del derecho, tanto desde el punto de vista doctrinal como jurisprudencial, así como desde una perspectiva práctica mediante el estudio de algún caso controvertido.
Control del correo electrónico y derecho a la intimidad en el contrato de trabajo
Authors: García Núñez José Ignacio
Published: April 2023

Nuestro Tribunal Constitucional (TC) ha considerado la necesidad de modular el derecho fundamental a la intimidad durante la relación laboral con la finalidad de equilibrar los legítimos intereses empresariales con la debida protección que sobre esta materia debe tener el trabajador, en base al principio de la buena fe de las partes que obliga todo contrato y que se opone al fraude, a la deslealtad o al abuso de confianza. En base a ello se impone como requisitos para la actividad fiscalizadora del empresario la idoneidad, la necesidad y la proporcionalidad como elementos que justifican el razonable y adecuado equilibrio que permiten la protección de la intimidad del trabajador.
Notas sobre las sociedades de infraestructuras de transportes terrestres
Authors: González García Julio
Published: April 2023

Desde 1996 se ha plasmado un procedimiento original en el Derecho español de construcción de infraestructuras públicas que parte de la utilización de instrumentos de Derecho privado, concretamente, sociedades mercantiles. En este artículo se analiza el régimen mixto que tienen las entidades y los motivos que justifican el recurso a dicho procedimiento.
Deficiencias del procedimiento judicial de ejecución hipotecaria y sus negativos efectos sobre los más desfavorecidos por la crisis económica
Authors: Achón Bruñén M.ª José
Published: April 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el 2.º Premio Estudios Financieros 2012 en la modalidad de DERECHO CIVIL Y MERCANTIL.
La preocupante situación de crisis económica en que nos hallamos y el alto porcentaje de desempleo ha suscitado un excesivo número de ejecuciones hipotecarias en nuestros juzgados.
La acción para exigir el pago de deudas garantizadas por prenda o hipoteca puede dirigirse directamente contra los bienes pignorados o hipotecados, sujetando su ejercicio a lo dispuesto en el Título IV del Libro III de la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil relativo a la ejecución dineraria, con las especialidades que se establecen en su Capítulo V (arts. 681 a 698). Dichos preceptos, lejos de solventar la dramática situación en que se hallan inmersas miles de familias en España, que, a consecuencia de la falta de ingresos, no pueden atender el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones derivadas de los préstamos hipotecarios concertados para la adquisición de su vivienda, adolecen de demasiadas lagunas e imperfecciones que ponen en entredicho el derecho de tutela judicial efectiva, lo que justifica un estudio detallado de esta materia en aras de solventar los problemas que se presentan en la praxis y de aportar soluciones útiles y eficaces.
Colaboración público-privada y gestión patrimonial. Un estudio de la utilización del derecho privado por las Administraciones públicas
Authors: González García Julio
Published: April 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el 2.º Premio Estudios Financieros 2012 en la modalidad de DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL Y ADMINISTRATIVO.
La colaboración público-privada dispone de multitud de variantes, tanto en cuanto a su formulación como en cuanto al régimen jurídico al que se sujetan. En este estudio se pretenden analizar los mecanismos más flexibles que están contemplados en la Ley de Patrimonio de las Administraciones Públicas, que fueron, además, los pioneros en el ordenamiento español y que no han de pasar por el Texto Refundido de la Ley de Contratos del Sector Público ni el contrato típico de la colaboración entre el sector público y el sector privado. En particular, se analiza el modelo más utilizado del arrendamiento operativo.
Los costes de cobro en el proceso monitorio
Authors: Echeverría Echeverría Gaspar
Published: April 2023

A pesar de que el artículo 8 de la Ley 3/2004, de 29 de diciembre, por la que se establecen medidas de lucha contra la morosidad en las operaciones comerciales, faculta al acreedor a reclamar al deudor una indemnización por los costes de cobro generados a causa de la mora en el pago de deudas derivadas de operaciones comerciales, la falta de coordinación entre la referida normativa y la ley procedimental impide hacer plenamente efectiva la recuperación de todos los gastos derivados de la reclamación. Concretamente, en el supuesto del proceso monitorio, mecanismo generalmente empleado para promover judicialmente las reclamaciones de cantidades derivadas de operaciones comerciales, así como en otros procedimientos judiciales en que tampoco es preceptiva la intervención de letrado y procurador (cual es el caso de las reclamaciones mediante juicio verbal y ejecuciones, por importe no superior a 2.000 euros), no se habilita instrumento alguno para recuperar los costes de cobro que hayan podido originarse una vez iniciada la reclamación judicial.
Después de analizar los diferentes posicionamientos de jurisprudencia y doctrina al respecto, se concluye proponiendo un sistema análogo a la condena en costas, que permitiría armonizar la norma sustantiva, que otorga el derecho a percibir una indemnización por los costes generados en la reclamación, con la norma procesal, que no habilita el mecanismo adecuado para la viabilidad del referido derecho.
Los premios, un instrumento para la promoción de comportamientos que revisten interés público
Authors: Giraldes Gutiérrez Luis Salvador
Published: April 2023

Los premios constituyen una herramienta para el impulso y promoción de comportamientos que revisten utilidad pública, siendo, por lo tanto, un instrumento adecuado para la consecución de los fines propios de la Administración. Su deficitaria regulación legal aconseja hacer un esfuerzo por delimitar esta figura de una manera adecuada, conceptuándola y determinando su regulación de una manera precisa.
Reflexiones sobre la identidad y el sentido de los acuerdos de refinanciación
Authors: Candelario Macías María Isabel
Published: April 2023

En esta investigación se estudian los antecedentes históricos, la evolución y el reconocimiento legal de los acuerdos de refinanciación tras la aprobación, primero, del Real Decreto-Ley 3/2009 y, segundo, la Ley 38/2011, que lo introducen en nuestro sistema concursal contenido en la Ley 22/2003. Asimismo, se analizan y reflexionan con exactitud en torno al concepto, naturaleza jurídica, tipología y funcionalidad de los acuerdos de refinanciación, así como se examinan (su) comparativa con otras legislaciones concursales y se aportan y debaten soluciones interpretativas sobre los diferentes criterios de «inmunidad» (prededucibilidad, suspensión de ejecuciones singulares y privilegios), que han de concurrir para el buen éxito de estos acuerdos y, especialmente, se evalúan y valoran los inconvenientes y ventajas que suponen para el deudor en situación de dificultades económicas respecto a (su) implicación en la mecánica operativa y práctica del concurso.
Estado autonómico y Unión Europea: la participación de las comunidades autónomas en la elaboración y ejecución del derecho comunitario
Authors: Donaire Villa Francisco Javier
Published: April 2023

El artículo analiza la normativa constitucional y estatutaria, la actividad convencional y la jurisprudencia constitucional sobre la respectiva posición de Estado y comunidades autónomas, tanto en la denominada «fase ascendente» o de elaboración de las normas y decisiones de la Unión Europea como en la conocida como «fase descendente» o de ejecución interna de esas mismas normas y decisiones.
La ilicitud penal de la causación de ruidos intencionados en las comunidades de propietarios
Authors: Magro Servet Vicente
Published: April 2023

Análisis de la derivación al orden penal de las conductas causadas con frecuencia hoy en día en las comunidades de propietarios, bien por titulares de locales de negocio, bien por propietarios de viviendas de ruidos excesivos que perturban y violentan la paz y la tranquilidad de los vecinos. Se destaca que estas conductas no son solo un ilícito civil, sino que atendiendo a la gravedad de las mismas y su persistencia pueden constituir un delito de los artículos 325 y siguientes del Código Penal y son conductas de las que se pueden derivar graves lesiones psicológicas a los perjudicados. El exceso de ruido se ha convertido hoy en día en una situación perseguida no solo civilmente por acciones de cesación de estas conductas, sino penalmente, habiéndose dictado condenas a penas privativas de libertad en los casos de cierta gravedad.
Aspectos mercantiles de la Ley de Emprendedores
Authors: Sánchez Montalbán José
Published: April 2023

Hay un verdadero boom en España acerca de los emprendedores y de la iniciativa empresarial en general.
Se nos presenta el emprendimiento como la manera en que España va a poder generar empleo suficiente para los seis millones de parados que existen, cuando la realidad es que cualquier actividad empresarial implica un riesgo evidente, que no llegan a buen puerto muchas de las iniciativas emprendedoras que se plantean y que muchas iniciativas de emprendimiento iniciadas por la desesperación de no encontrar un puesto de trabajo, al no tener una base sólida de partida más allá del interés en desarrollar alguna actividad, tienen más papeletas si cabe de no tener éxito.
Si a lo anterior le unimos el tradicional lastre que para la creación de empresas supone la burocracia normativa española, un sistema impositivo de los más gravosos del mundo y una escasez histórica de financiación, tenemos todos los argumentos para urgir una Ley de Emprendedores que de verdad diera respuesta y solución a todos estos acuciantes problemas y facilitara, agilizara e incentivara la vida empresarial española.
La Ley de Emprendedores del 27 de septiembre, si bien parece tener claros los problemas que afronta el emprendedor en España tanto al comienzo de su actividad como en el día a día de la misma, no llega a conseguir los objetivos deseados de agilizar trámites burocráticos e incentivar a aquellas personas que tienen un verdadero espíritu emprendedor en el desarrollo y expansión del mismo.
Nos deja la Ley de Emprendedores, eso sí, una serie de buenas ideas en las que esperemos que el legislador tenga la posibilidad de incidir en el futuro, y de crear realmente ese movimiento que lleve a España a la cabeza de los países en los que más fácil sea crear una empresa y en el que más recursos ofrezca la legislación de aplicación para no poner trabas al posible éxito de un proyecto empresarial.
A 30 años del martirio de Ignacio Ellacuría
Authors: Brito Marcela
Published: April 2023

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 36, No. 108, 2019: 245-251.
Hizmetkâr Liderlik ve Yenilikçi Davranış Arasındaki İlişkide Çalışan Sadakatinin Aracı Rolünün PLS-SEM ile İncelenmesi
Authors: GÜL İsa , GEDİK Özlem , CANBAZ Mustafa , SARAÇLI Sinan
Published: April 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, hizmetkâr liderlik ve yenilikçi davranış arasındaki ilişkide çalışan sadakatinin aracı rolünü incelemektir. Araştırma, Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi’nin farklı birimlerinde (hastane, idari birimler vb.) görevli 332 çalışanla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket formu kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama süreci Ocak-Mayıs 2022 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS ve SmartPLS paket programları kullanılmıştır. Derlenen veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizi, faktör analizi ve kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (KEKK-YEM) uygulanarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, hizmetkâr liderliğin çalışan sadakatini ve çalışanın yenilikçi davranışını pozitif olarak etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Önerilen araştırma modelinde, çalışan sadakatinin yenilikçi davranışı pozitif etkilediği ve hizmetkâr liderlik ile yenilikçi davranış arasındaki ilişkide çalışan sadakatinin aracı rolünün anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, yenilikçi iş davranışlarını geliştirmek isteyen örgütlere, hizmetkâr liderliğin rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Çalışan sadakati, yenilikçi davranışları teşvik edebileceği için, yöneticilere çalışan sadakatini geliştiren hizmetkâr liderlik uygulamaları önerilmektedir.
Rekayasa Sistem Pengendalian Temperatur Ruangan Berbasis Mikrokontroler Atmega8535
Authors: Manihuruk Jonner , Sibarani Demis Riduan
Published: April 2023

The old method of room temperature control that uses 1 fan is done manually and there is no setting to turn off the fan. Room temperature control designed by the author using 3 fans. The realization of this room temperature control design can be carried out by using ATMega 8535 microcontrollers, LCDs, LM35 temperature sensors, fans, relays and incandescent light bulbs. The combination of ATMega8535 microcontroller with LM35 sensor in the manufacture of miniature room temperature controller is more effective and simple because the ATMega8535 microcontroller has an internal ADC and the temperature of this room is displayed through lcd. This design uses 3 fans that serve as a live coolant (ON) automatically according to the temperature that has been programmed on the microcontroller. The sensor will detect the room at different temperatures. Sensor temperatur LM35 cukup baik dalam pengukuran temperatur, dimana sensor ini dapat membaca setiap kenaikan temperatur. Sistem kendali temperatur ruangan yang dibuat dapat bekerja dengan baik dan menjaga kondisi temperatur ruangan yang sebenarnya dan dapat ditampilkan pada display LCD.
A flexible device to produce a gas stream with precisely controlled water vapour mixing ratio and isotope composition based on microdrop dispensing technology
Authors: Sodemann Harald , Dekhtyareva Alena , Fernandez Alvaro , Seidl Andrew , Maccali Jenny
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Here we describe a versatile device to produce a flow of air-vapour mixture with controlled humidity and water isotope composition based on microdrop dispensing technology. By precisely controlling the contribution of water from two dispenser heads into a carrier gas stream, the device allows to set the air-vapour stream to any isotope ratio between two end member waters. In addition to presenting the design and several performance characteristics of the new system, we describe two application examples. First, we utilize the device to determine a common artifact of vapour isotope analyzers, known as the mixing ratio – isotope ratio dependency. Second, we utilize the device to provide a constant background stream of humid air for fluid inclusion water isotope analysis in stalagmites. The observed flexibility and precision of the device underpints its usefulness and potential for a wide range of applications in atmospheric water vapour isotope measurement applications. Future improvements could focus on reducing the number of manual interventions and improved control at high flow rates.
Imaging of the active root current pathway under partial root-zone drying stress: A laboratory study for Vitis vinifera
Authors: Mary Benjamin , Iván Veronika , Meggio Franco , Peruzzo Luca , Blanchy Guillaume , Chou Chunwei , Ruperti Benedetto , Wu Yuxin , Cassiani Giorgio
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Understanding root signals and their consequences on the whole plant physiology is one of the keys to tackling the water-saving challenge in agriculture. The partial root-zone drying (PRD) method is part of an ensemble of irrigation strategies that aim at improving water use efficiency. To reach this goal tools are needed for the evaluation of the root’s and soil water dynamics in time and space. In controlled laboratory conditions, using a rhizotron built for geoelectrical tomography imaging, we monitored the spatio-temporal changes in soil electrical resistivity for more than a month corresponding to six Partial Rootzone Drying (PRD) cycles. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) was complemented with Electrical Current Imaging (ECI) using plant stem-induced electrical stimulation. We demonstrated that under mild water stress conditions, it is practically impossible to spatially distinguish the PRD effects using ECI. We evidenced that the Current Source leakage depth varied during the course of the experiment but without any significant relationship to the soil water content changes or transpiration demand. On the other hand, ERT showed spatial patterns associated with irrigation and, to a lesser degree, to RWU. The interpretation of the geoelectrical imaging with respect to root activity was strengthened and correlated with indirect observations of the plant transpiration using a weight monitoring lysimeter and direct observation of the plant leaf gas exchanges.
Continuous observations from horizontally pointing lidar, weather parameters, and PM2.5: a pre-deployment assessment for monitoring radioactive dust in Fukushima, Japan
Authors: Lagrosas Nofel , Okubo Kosuke , Irie Hitoshi , Matsumi Yutaka , Nakayama Tomoki , Sugita Yutaka , Okada Takashi , Shiina Tatsuo
Published: April 2023

Abstract. A horizontally pointing lidar is planned for deployment with other instruments in Fukushima, Japan, to continuously monitor and characterize the optical properties of radioactive aerosols and dust in an uninhabited area. Prior to installation, the performance of the lidar is tested at Chiba University. Data from the continuous operation of the lidar from August 2021 to February 2022 are analyzed for extinction and depolarization ratio. These are compared with the weather sensor and particulate matter (PM2.5) measurements to quantify the relationship between atmospheric conditions and optical properties of near-ground aerosols. The results show that lidar data’s extinction coefficient and depolarization ratio can have a quantifiable relationship with relative humidity (RH), absolute humidity, rain rate, wind speed, wind direction, and PM2.5 concentration. Analysis of the seven-month data shows that the optical properties of aerosol and dust depend on the combined effects of the weather parameters. An increase in RH or PM2.5 concentration does not imply an increase in radioactive aerosols. The average extinction coefficient and depolarization ratio of aerosols and dust originating from the land and ocean show different values and opposing trends which can aid in determining the occurrence of ground-based radioactive dust and aerosols. The information obtained from analyzing the interrelationship among lidar, weather parameters, and PM2.5 concentration is essential in assessing the occurrence of radioactive aerosols and characterizing local aerosol-weather relationships in a radioactive area. This result provides essential information in describing radioactive aerosols in Fukushima.
Validation and field application of a low-cost device to measure CO2 and ET fluxes
Authors: Macagga Reena , Asante Michael , Sossa Geoffroy , Antonijevic Danica , Dubbert Maren , Hoffmann Mathias
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Mitigating the global climate crisis and its consequences, such as more frequent and severe droughts, is one of the major challenges for future agriculture. Therefore, identifying land use systems and management practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and promote water use efficiency (WUE) is crucial. This, however, requires accurate and precise measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and evapotranspiration (ET). Despite that, commercial systems to measure CO2 and ET fluxes are expensive and thus, often exclude research in ecosystems within the Global South. This is especially true for research and data of agroecosystems in these areas, which are to date still widely underrepresented. Here, we present a newly developed, low-cost, non-dispersive infrared (NDIR)-based, CO2 and ET flux measurement device (~200 Euro) that provides reliable, accurate and precise CO2 and ET flux measurements in conjunction with manual closed chambers. To validate the system, laboratory and field validation experiments were performed, testing multiple different low-cost sensors. We demonstrate that the system delivers accurate and precise CO2 and ET flux measurements using the K30 FR NDIR (CO2) and SHT31 (RH) sensor. An additional field trial application demonstrated its longer-term stability (> 3 months) and ability to obtain valid net ecosystem C balances (NECB) and WUE. This was the case, even though environmental conditions at the field trial application site in Sub-Saharan Africa were rather challenging (e.g., extremely high temperatures, humidity and intense rainfall). Consequently, the developed low-cost CO2 and ET flux measurement device not only provides reasonable results but might also help to democratize science and close current data gaps.
Relative dispersion and kinematic properties of the coastal submesoscale circulation in the southeastern Ligurian Sea
Authors: Poulain Pierre-Marie , Centurioni Luca , Brandini Carlo , Taddei Stefano , Berta Maristella , Menna Milena
Published: April 2023

Abstract. An array of Lagrangian instruments (more than 100 drifters and a profiling float) was deployed for several days in the coastal waters of the southeastern Ligurian Sea to characterize the near-surface circulation at the submesoscale (< 10 km). The drifters were trapped in an offshore-flowing filament and a cyclonic eddy that developed at the southwestern extremity of the filament. Drifter velocities are used to estimate differential kinematic properties (DKPs) and the relative dispersion of the near-surface currents on scales as small as 100 m. The maximum drifter speed is ~50 cm/s. The DKPs within the cluster exhibit considerable spatial and temporal variability, with absolute values reaching the order of magnitude of the local inertial frequency. Vorticity prevails in the core of the cyclonic eddy, while strain is dominant at the outer edge of the eddy. Significant convergence was also found in the southwestern flow of the filament. The initial relative dispersion on small scales (100–200 m) is directly related to some of the DKPs (e.g., divergence, strain and instantaneous rate of separation): The mean squared separation distance (MSSD) grows exponentially with time and the finite-size Lyapunov exponent (FSLE) is independent of scale. After 5–10 h of drift or for initial separations greater than 500 m, the MSSD and FSLE show smaller relative dispersion that decreases slightly with scale.
Single-celled bioturbators: benthic foraminifera mediate oxygen penetration and prokaryotic diversity in intertidal sediment
Authors: Langlet Dewi , Mermillod-Blondin Florian , Deldicq Noémie , Bauville Arthur , Duong Gwendoline , Konecny Lara , Hugoni Mylène , Denis Lionel , Bouchet Vincent M. P.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Bioturbation processes influence particulate (sediment reworking) and dissolved (bioirrigation) fluxes at the sediment-water interface. Recent works showed that benthic foraminifera largely contribute to sediment reworking in intertidal mudflats; yet their role in bioirrigation processes remains unknown. In a laboratory experiment, we showed that foraminifera motion-behavior increased the oxygen penetration depth and decreased the total organic content. Their activity in the top 5 mm of the sediment also affected prokaryotic community structure. Indeed, in bioturbated sediment, bacterial richness was reduced and sulfate reducing taxa abundance in deeper layers was also reduced, probably inhibited by the larger oxygen penetration depth. Since foraminifera can modify both particulate and dissolved fluxes, their role as bioturbators can no longer be neglected. They are further able to mediate the prokaryotic community, suggesting that they play a major role in the benthic ecosystem functioning and may be the first described single-celled eukaryotic ecosystem engineers.
Emergent constraints for the climate system as effective parameters of bulk differential equations
Authors: Huntingford Chris , Cox Peter M. , Williamson Mark S. , Clarke Joseph J. , Ritchie Paul D. L.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Planning for the impacts of climate change requires accurate projections by Earth system models (ESMs).
ESMs, as developed by many research centres, estimate changes to weather and climate as atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) rise,
and they inform the influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports.
ESMs are advancing the understanding of key climate system attributes. However, there remain
substantial inter-ESM differences in their estimates of future meteorological change, even for a common GHG trajectory, and
such differences make adaptation planning difficult.
Until recently, the primary approach to reducing projection uncertainty has been to place an emphasis
on simulations that best describe the contemporary climate. Yet a model that performs well for present-day
atmospheric GHG levels may not necessarily be accurate for higher GHG levels and vice versa. A relatively new approach of
emergent constraints (ECs) is gaining much attention as a technique to remove uncertainty between climate models.
This method involves searching for an inter-ESM link between a quantity that we can also measure now and a second quantity of major importance for
describing future climate. Combining the contemporary
measurement with this relationship refines the future projection. Identified ECs exist for thermal, hydrological and geochemical
cycles of the climate system. As ECs grow in influence on climate policy, the method is under intense scrutiny, creating a requirement to understand them better.
We hypothesise that as many Earth system components vary in both space and time, their behaviours often satisfy
large-scale differential equations (DEs). Such DEs are valid at coarser scales than the equations
coded in ESMs which capture finer high-resolution grid-box-scale effects. We suggest that many ECs link to such effective hidden
DEs implicit in ESMs and that aggregate small-scale features. An EC may exist because its two quantities depend similarly on an ESM-specific
internal bulk parameter in such a DE, with measurements constraining and revealing its (implicit) value.
Alternatively, well-established process understanding coded at the ESM grid box scale,
when aggregated, may generate a bulk parameter with a common “emergent” value across all ESMs. This
single emerging parameter may link uncertainties in a contemporary climate driver to those of a climate-related property of interest. In these circumstances,
the EC combined with a measurement of the driver that is uncertain constrains the estimate of the climate-related quantity.
We offer simple illustrative examples of these concepts with generic DEs but with their solutions placed in a conceptual EC framework.
The marine reservoir age of Greenland coastal waters
Authors: Pearce Christof , Özdemir Karen Søby , Forchhammer Ronja Cedergreen , Detlef Henrieka , Olsen Jesper
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Knowledge of the marine reservoir age is fundamental for creating reliable chronologies of marine sediment archives based on radiocarbon dating. This age difference between the 14C age of a marine sample and that of its contemporaneous atmosphere is dependent on several factors, among others ocean circulation, water mass distribution, terrestrial runoff, upwelling, sea-ice cover and is therefore spatially heterogenous. Anthropogenic influence on the global isotopic carbon system, mostly through atmospheric nuclear tests, has complicated the determination of the regional reservoir age correction ΔR, which therefore can only be measured on historic samples of known age. In this study we expand on the few existing measurements of ΔR for the coastal waters around Greenland, by adding 92 new radiocarbon dates on mollusks from museum collections. All studied mollusk samples were collected during historic expeditions of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and besides coastal sites around Greenland, the dataset also includes localities from the western Labrador Sea, Baffin Bay, and the Iceland Sea. Together with existing measurements, the new results are used to calculate average ΔR values for different regions around Greenland, all in relation to Marine20, the most recent radiocarbon calibration curve. To support further discussions and comparison with previous datasets, we introduce the term ΔR13 where the suffix 13 refers to the previous calibration curve Marine13. Our study explores the links between the marine reservoir age and oceanography, sea ice cover, water depth, mollusk feeding habits, and the presence of carbonate bedrock. Although we provide regional averages, we encourage people to consult the full catalogue of measurements and determine a suitable ΔR for each case individually, based on the exact location including water depth. Despite this significant expansion of the regional reservoir age database around Greenland, data from the northern coast, directly bordering the Arctic Ocean remains missing.
Improving regional climate simulations based on a hybrid data assimilation and machine learning method
Authors: He Xinlei , Li Yanping , Liu Shaomin , Xu Tongren , Chen Fei , Li Zhenhua , Zhang Zhe , Liu Rui , Song Lisheng , Xu Ziwei , Peng Zhixing , Zheng Chen
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The energy and water vapor exchange between the land surface and atmospheric boundary layer plays a critical role in regional climate simulations. This paper implemented a hybrid data assimilation and machine learning framework (DA-ML method) into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to optimize surface soil and vegetation conditions. The hybrid method can integrate remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI), multi-source soil moisture (SM) observations, and land surface models (LSMs) to accurately describe regional climate and land–atmosphere interactions. The performance of the hybrid method on the regional climate was evaluated in the Heihe River basin (HRB), the second-largest endorheic river basin in Northwest China. The results show that the estimated sensible (H) and latent heat (LE) fluxes from the WRF (DA-ML) model agree well with the large aperture scintillometer (LAS) observations. Compared to the WRF (open loop – OL), the WRF (DA-ML) model improved the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and generated a spatial distribution consistent with the ML-based watershed ET (ETMap). The proposed WRF (DA-ML) method effectively reduces air warming and drying biases in simulations, particularly in the oasis region. The estimated air temperature and specific humidity from WRF (DA-ML) agree well with the observations. In addition, this method can simulate more realistic oasis–desert boundaries, including wetting and cooling effects and wind shield effects within the oasis. The oasis–desert interactions can transfer water vapor to the surrounding desert in the lower atmosphere. In contrast, the dry and hot air over the desert is transferred to the oasis from the upper atmosphere. The results show that the integration of LAI and SM will induce water vapor intensification and promote precipitation in the upstream of the HRB, particularly on windward slopes. In general, the proposed WRF (DA-ML) model can improve climate modeling by implementing detailed land characterization information in basins with complex underlying surfaces.
Brief communication: Small-scale geohazards cause significant and highly variable impacts on emotions
Authors: Ilyinskaya Evgenia , Snæbjarnarson Vésteinn , Carlsen Hanne Krage , Oddsson Björn
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The impact of geohazards on the mental health of the local populations, is well recognized but understudied. We used natural language processing (NLP) of Twitter posts to analyse the sentiments expressed in relation to a pre-eruptive seismic unrest, and a subsequent volcanic eruption in Iceland 2021. We show that despite the small size and negligible material damage, these geohazards were associated with a measurable change in expressed emotions in the local populations. The seismic unrest was associated with predominantly negative sentiments, but the eruption with predominantly positive. We demonstrate a cost-effective tool for gauging public discourse that could be used in risk management.
La influencia de las nuevas identidades en la actividad política durante el ciclo político-electoral de 2015 a 2019 en España
Authors: Vidal Ruiz Raquel
Published: April 2023

Desde la irrupción de los indignados en 2011, la identificación ha sido sujeta a recurrentes debates y a un cuestionamiento a diferentes niveles. Las nuevas identidades políticas, propiciadas por el desarrollo de valores posmaterialistas, han logrado permear la escena sociopolítica española, tanto en las instituciones, observable en cambios de las pautas del voto y en el surgimiento de nuevas formaciones, como en las calles, inundadas por feministas cada 8 de marzo. Pese a las implicaciones sociopolíticas que entraña, la identificación política apenas ha sido objeto de análisis empírico en España, por lo que este trabajo persigue estudiar la evolución de la identificación política, y su efecto en el voto y en otras formas de participación política no convencional. Este estudio se ha realizado mediante un análisis descriptivo y multivariante con datos del CIS de 2015 a 2019. Los principales resultados revelan una influencia creciente de las nuevas identidades políticas, especialmente entre mujeres y jóvenes, así como en los votantes de izquierdas con mayor capacidad adquisitiva y en aquellos más implicados en política. El eje materialista-posmaterialista representa un nuevo campo de polarización sociopolítica y una herramienta útil en sociología para tratar fenómenos difícilmente explicables a través del eje tradicional izquierda-derecha, abriendo a su vez un nuevo campo de análisis relevante.
Development of the lymphology in Tomsk during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Baytinger V. F. , Varakuta E. Yu. , Malinovsky S. V. , Vasilieva T. V. , Lebedeva N. V. , Magay Yu. V.
Published: April 2023

A huge contribution to the development of modern lymphology belongs to the great Soviet scientist Professor Dimitry Arkadyevich Zhdanov. He performed an active scientific and educational work, which was frequently review in different journals. In particular, the work of D.A. Zhdanov in Moscow and Leningrad were the subject of several publications. At the same time, the Tomsk period of the life of Dimitry Arkadievich did not receive wide coverage in the literature. In this paper, the authors study the results of D.A. Zhdanov’s work in Tomsk as director of the Tomsk Medical Institute named after V.M. Molotov, scientific progress of his students and their influence on development of lymphology.
Interinstitutional Coordination and the Promotion of Health Research: Bioethical perspectives
Authors: Ribeiro Andrea Leite
Published: April 2023

The development of scientific research that supports decision-making in health is ethically defensible for the socioeconomic development of the country. In this sense, this summary aims to discuss issues related to research promotion, addressing bioethical aspects related to the theme, also considering ethics in research with human beings. Each country must establish a clear policy for scientific research and technological innovation, adopting actions for planning, supervising and promoting research. So that the results can be effectively reverted to the health policy, it is important to identify the priorities, launch a public notice and select the projects. After technical approval, the project must be submitted to a research ethics committee and only after approval, start the study. The developer must monitor the execution of the research and evaluate the possibility of applying the results in the public health system. The researcher must, at the end, present the research results to research participants and the community in general. It is understood that a priority research agenda denotes medium and long-term responsibility for the theme. Considering the need for adequate use of public resources in research involving human beings, it is imperative to deal with the bioethical aspects that involve the promotion, such as resource allocation, health inequity, neglected diseases, as well as those related to the procedural and institutional analysis of a project to receive public funds, also counting on the ethical analysis of scientific research involving human beings.
Conflicts of Interest of Sponsors and Promoters in Research
Authors: Lorenzo Cláudio
Published: April 2023

The development of health technologies by transnational pharmaceutical industries has been considered the most profitable industrial activity on the planet. This economic power facilitates the favoring of the interests of those who are the biggest sponsors and promoters of research in their relationships with researchers, institutions and associations of patients. In developed countries, about 90% of clinical trials are conducted by large pharmaceutical industries, in developing countries it varies between 100 and 95%. That is, in the reality of countries like Brazil and Angola there is a clear dependency due to the low research capacity. There are some differences in the rigor with which the concept of conflict of interest has been defined. We will work with the International Council of Science Editors’ definition that has been used by most of the highest impact scientific journals. In this definition, any financial relationship or other types of advantages offered by sponsors and promoters to researchers and research institutions already characterizes a factual and not just potential conflict of interest. We will try to demonstrate the most common practices these conflicts appear through the hiring of medical consultants, injection of resources in journals, medical associations and organizations of patients, payments or advantages to institutions, researchers, research participants and ethics committees, as well as in funding of scientific events. We will finally present some results of a recent publication conducted by me and a graduate student in Bioethics on conflicts of interest between sponsors of Brazilian national specialty congresses and researchers and the results of clinical trials for drugs presented.
Between-occupation differences in work-related COVID-19 mitigation strategies over time: Analysis of the Virus Watch Cohort in England and Wales
Authors: Beale Sarah , Yavlinsky Alexei , Hoskins Susan , Nguyen Vincent , Byrne Thomas , Fong Wing Lam Erica , Kovar Jana , Van Tongeren Martie , Aldridge Robert W , Hayward Andrew ,   The Virus Watch
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 mitigations have had a profound impact on workplaces, however, multisectoral comparisons of how work-related mitigations were applied are limited. This study aimed to investigate (i) occupational differences in the usage of key work-related mitigations over time and (ii) workers’ perceptions of these mitigations.

METHODS: Employed/self-employed Virus Watch study participants (N=6279) responded to a mitigation-related online survey covering the periods of December 2020–February 2022. Logistic regression was used to investigate occupation- and time-related differences in the usage of work-related mitigation methods. Participants’ perceptions of mitigation methods were investigated descriptively using proportions.

RESULTS: Usage of work-related mitigation methods differed between occupations and over time, likely reflecting variation in job roles, workplace environments, legislation and guidance. Healthcare workers had the highest predicted probabilities for several mitigations, including reporting frequent hand hygiene [predicted probability across all survey periods 0.61 (95% CI 0.56–0.66)] and always wearing face coverings [predicted probability range 0.71 (95% CI 0.66–0.75) – 0.80 (95% CI 0.76–0.84) across survey periods]. There were significant cross-occupational trends towards reduced mitigations during periods of less stringent national restrictions. The majority of participants across occupations (55–88%) agreed that most mitigations were reasonable and worthwhile even after the relaxation of national restrictions; agreement was lower for physical distancing (39–44%).

CONCLUSIONS: While usage of work-related mitigations appeared to vary alongside stringency of national restrictions, agreement that most mitigations were reasonable and worthwhile remained substantial. Further investigation into the factors underlying between-occupational differences could assist pandemic planning and prevention of workplace COVID-19 transmission.
ANALISIS DRPs STATIN DAN ESTIMASI RISIKO ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (ASCVD) PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 RAWAT JALAN DI RS “X” SAMARINDA
Authors: Irham Bakhtiar Muh. , Novy Yudhistirawati  , Hamzah Hasyrul
Published: April 2023

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) is the main cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus with a cardiovascular risk that will increase 2-4 times higher than non-diabetic patients. The statin group is a class of drugs recommended by ACC/AHA 2018 in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to analyze Drug Related Problems (DRPs) of statin drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and calculate the estimated risk for the next 10 years. The research was conducted using a non-experimental descriptive analytic method. Data collection was carried out retrospectively through a population of 194 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at "X" Samarinda Hospital for the period January-September 2022, 11 patient medical record data were obtained through the Total Sampling technique whose sampling complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that the most commonly prescribed statins were simvastatin 20 mg in 9 patients (82%), and atorvastatin 20 mg in 2 patients (18%). The results of the DRPs analysis showed that there were 4 cases of DRPs consisting of 1 case of underdose (25%), and 3 cases of drugs not being indicated for the existing medical profile (75%). The total risk level of ASCVD based on the calculation of the ASCVD calculator found that 3 patients (27%) had low risk, 4 patients (36%) medium risk, and 4 patients (36%) high risk.