bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEKOSONGAN NORMA PENENTUAN BUNGA PINJAMAN FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY PEER TO PEER LENDING
Authors: Tjandra Antoni
Published: January 2020

Today is the era of the modern economy which is made non-bank financial institutions sector experiencing growth. One form of this development is marked by the emergence of Financial Technology. One of the products of the Financial Technology is Peer to Peer Lending that have business activities provide loans accompanied by interest to the debtor. Currently lending restrictions imposed on the debtor fintech is 0.8% per day (maximum limit), but this maximum interest limit was issued by Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (AFPI) which is an association of Fintech organizers. This paper discusses the legal protection of the debtor against the Peer to Peer Lending lending rate. The method used is normative juridical. The collection of legal materials through the literature and qualitative normative analysis.  The results of this study aims to determine the legal protection for debtors in the Financial Technology in the Peer to Peer Lending agreement to interest rate loan Peer to Peer Lending determined by Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (AFPI).Saat ini adalah jaman dari perekonomian modern yang dimana hal ini kemudian membuat sektor lembaga keuangan bukan bank mengalami perkembangan. Salah satu bentuk dari perkembangan tersebut adalah ditandai dengan munculnya Financial Technology. Salah satu produk dari Financial Technology adalah Peer to Peer Lending yang mempunyai kegiatan usaha memberikan pinjaman yang disertai dengan bunga kepada debitur. Saat ini batasan bunga pinjaman fintech yang dikenakan kepada debitur adalah 0,8% per hari (batas maksimum), namun batasan bunga maksimum ini dikeluarkan oleh Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (AFPI) yang merupakan asosiasi para penyelenggara Fintech. Penulisan ini membahas perlindungan hukum terhadap debitur terhadap suku bunga pinjaman Peer to Peer Lending. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan yuridis normatif. Pengumpulan bahan hukum melalui kepustakaan dan dianalisis normatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perlindungan hukum bagi debitur dalam Financial Technology  di dalam perjanjian Peer to Peer Lending terhadap suku bunga pinjaman Peer to Peer Lending yang ditentukan oleh Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (AFPI).
Analisis Pedagogical Content Knowledge Guru dan Calon Guru pada Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Gultom Christine Iriane , Mampouw Helti Lygia
Published: January 2020

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is an important thing that must be mastered by teachers and prospective teachers to find out how to teach certain content to improve student understanding. The purpose of this research was to analyze the pedagogical content knowledge of teachers and prospective teachers in elementary in mathematics learning. The research method is descriptive qualitative. The focus of this research is the Wiyata Bakti teacher at SD Kaligentong 01 Ampel and prospective primary school teacher. The method of data collection in this research uses questions and interviews consisting of questions that are used to collect data relating to 7 components of PCK. The results of this research indicate that the PCK owned by the teacher is good in mathematics learning and PCK owned by prospective teacher is good enough in mathematics learning.

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) merupakan hal penting yang harus dikuasai oleh guru dan calon guru untuk mengetahui bagaimana mengajarkan konten tertentu untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pedagogical content knowledge guru dan calon guru SD pada pembelajaran matematika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Fokus penelitian ini adalah guru wiyata bakti di SD Kaligentong 01 Ampel dan calon guru. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan soal dan wawancara yang terdiri dari butir-butir pertanyaan yang dipergunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yang berkaitan dengan 7 komponen PCK. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PCK yang dimiliki guru sudah baik dalam pembelajaran matematika dan PCK yang dimiliki calon guru cukup baik dalam pembelajaran matematika
Proses Berpikir Kreatif Modifikatif Siswa dalam Pengajuan Soal Matematika
Authors: Marhayati Marhayati
Published: January 2020

Abstract

This study aims to describe the process of creative modification in mathematical problem posing. This research is descriptive. The research subjects reported were 7th grade students of Islamic Junior High School Surya Buana. The research subjects were 17 students. The subject used is Social Arithmetic. The submission of mathematical questions is applied in this study. The creative process of modification thinking in mathematical problem posing is a thought process that starts from the search for ideas originating from the provided information, possessed knowledge, daily experience, and / or from questions that have been previously proposed, then there are modification or addition of new information at once develop the form of a question that is submitted out of the given situation.

 

Abstrak

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses berpikir kreatif modifikatif dalam pengajuan soal matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian yang dilaporkan merupakan siswa kelas 7 MTs Surya Buana. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 17 siswa. Pokok bahasan yang digunakan adalah Aritmatika Sosial. Pembelajaran yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui pengajuan soal matematika. Proses berpikir kreatif modifikatif dalam pengajuan soal matematika adalah proses berpikir yang dimulai dari pencarian ide yang bersumber dari informasi yang diberikan, pengetahuan yang dimiliki, pengalaman sehari-hari, dan/atau dari soal yang sudah diajukan sebelumnya, kemudian adanya modifikasi atau penambahan informasi baru sekaligus pengembangan bentuk soal yang diajukan keluar situasi yang diberikan.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Representasi Matematis dan Self Confidence Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Humanistik Berbasis Pendidikan Matematik Realistik
Authors: Rista Lia , Eviyanti Cut Yuniza , Hadijah Siti
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The objectives of this study are: (1) to find out  the difference of improvement of students’ mathematical representation ability and students’ self-confidence through humanistic learning based on realistic mathematical approaches and conventional learning reviewed (a) as a whole and (b) at the student level (high, medium, low), (2) to find out is there interaction between learning process and students’ initial ability on the improvement of students’ mathematical representation ability and students’ self-confidence. The population of this study is all of the student in SMA Negeri 1 Lhokseumawe. The sample of this study was taken randomly consist of two classes . The two way ANAVA was used to analyzed the data of this study. The results of this study indicate that the increasement of students’ mathematical representation who learned with humanistic learning based on PMR is higher than the students’ who learned with conventional learning.The Increasement of students’ self-confidence who learned with humanistic learning based on PMR is higher than the students who learned with conventional learning. There is interaction between learning model (problem-based learning and conventional learning) and students’ initial mathematical ability toward the increasement of students' mathematical representation ability. There is interaction between learning model (problem based learning and conventional learning) and students’ initial mathematical  ability toward the increasement of students’ self-confidence.

Keywords:humanistic learning based on PMR, Conventional Learning, Mathematical Representation, and Self-Confidence.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Untuk mengetahui perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis dan self confidence  siswa melalui pembelajaran humanistik berbasis pendidikan matematika realistik (PMR) dan pembelajaran biasa (PB) ditinjau dari:(a) secara keseluruhan, (b) berdasarkan level siswa (tinggi, sedang, rendah),  (2) Untuk mengetahui Apakah terdapat interaksi antara strategi pembelajaran dengan level siswa terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis dan self confidence siswa. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa SMA Negeri 1 Lhokseumawe. Sampel penelitian diambil secara acak sebanyak 2 kelas. Analisis data dilakukan dengan ANAVA Dua Jalur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa yang diberi pembelajaran humanistik berbasis PMR lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang diberi  PB. Peningkatan self confidence siswa yang diberi pembelajaran humanistik berbasis PMR lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang diberi  PB. Terdapat  interaksi antara model pembelajaran  dan KAM terhadap peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa. Terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran  dan KAM terhadap peningkatan self confidence siswa.

Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Humanistik berbasis PMR, Pembelajaran Biasa, Representasi Matematis, dan Self Confidence.
Ekaterina Ivanovna Rachkovskaya (to the 80th anniversary of her birthday)
Authors: Volkova E. A. , Khramtsov V. N. , Ogar N. P.
Published: January 2020

On September 17, 2007 celebrated the anniversary by Katherine Raczkovskaya — known geobotanist, botanical geographer, cartographer, specialist in the study of vegetation of arid regions, doctor of biological sciences.

E. I. is one of the best connoisseurs of vegetation of the steppes and deserts of Asia. Her expedition routes cover vast areas of the inner part of Eurasian continent: Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia, China. The scientific interests of E. I. manifold —structure of vegetation, mapping and zoning of vegetation, botanical geography, ecology, etc.
Boris A. Yurtsev. 1932–2004 (to the 75th anniversary of his birthday)
Authors: Rebristaya O. V.
Published: January 2020

On 15 March 2007, would have turned 75 yearssince the birth of the major botanist, honored worker ofscience, laureate of the State prize of the USSR, doctor of biological sciences Boris Alexandrovich Yurtsev.
Dimensions of the language environment in infancy and symptoms of psychopathology in toddlerhood
Authors: King Lucy S , Querdasi Francesca R , Humphreys Kathryn Leigh , Gotlib Ian
Published: January 2020

The quality of the early environment influences the development of psychopathology. Children who are deprived of sufficient environmental enrichment in infancy may be at higher risk for developing symptoms of psychopathology in toddlerhood. In this study, we investigated the prospective association between naturalistic measures of adult language input obtained through passive monitoring of infants’ daily environments and emerging psychopathology in toddlerhood. In a sample of 100 mothers and their infants recruited from the community (mean age [range] = 6.73 [5-9] months), we used the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system to measure multiple dimensions of infants’ language environments, including both the quantity and consistency of adult speech and conversational turns in infants’ daily lives as well as the quantity of infant vocalizations. Subsequently, during toddlerhood (mean age [range] = 18.29 [17-21] months), mothers reported on their children’s symptoms of psychopathology. Infants who experienced more consistent adult speech and conversational turns had lower symptoms of psychopathology in toddlerhood, independent of negative emotionality in infancy, maternal depressive symptoms, and laboratory-based measures of maternal sensitivity. These findings have implications for the measurement of environmental factors that may confer risk and resilience to emerging psychopathology.
Accurate Heuristic Terrain Prediction in Powered Lower-Limb Prostheses Using Onboard Sensors
Authors: Stolyarov Roman , Carney Matt , Herr Hugh
Published: January 2020

This study describes the development and offline validation of a heuristic algorithm for accurate prediction of ground terrain in a lower limb prosthesis. This method is based on inference of the ground terrain geometry using estimation of prosthetic limb kinematics during gait with a single integrated inertial measurement unit. We asked five subjects with below-knee amputations to traverse level ground, stairs, and ramps using a high-range-of-motion powered prosthesis while internal sensor data were remotely logged. We used these data to develop two terrain prediction algorithms. The first employed a state-of-the-art machine learning approach, while the second was a directly tuned heuristic using thresholds on estimated prosthetic ankle joint translations and ground slope. We compared the performance of these algorithms using resubstitution error for the machine learning algorithm and overall error for the heuristic algorithm. Our optimal machine learning algorithm attained a resubstitution error of $3.4\%$ using 45 features, while our heuristic method attained an overall prediction error of $2.8\%$ using only 5 features derived from estimation of ground slope and horizontal and vertical ankle joint displacement. Compared with pattern recognition, the heuristic performed better on each individual subject, and across both level and non-level strides. These results demonstrate a method for heuristic prediction of ground terrain in a powered prosthesis. The method is more accurate, more interpretable, and less computationally expensive than state-of-the-art machine learning methods, and relies only on integrated prosthesis sensors. Finally, the method provides intuitively tunable thresholds to improve performance for specific walking conditions.
GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH : Program Gerakan Literasi Sekolah dalam Rangka Bench Marking
Authors: IQBAL MUHAMMAD
Published: January 2020

Persoalan literasi bangsa yang sedemikian krusial dalam hal kesadaran literasi dibutuhkan kerja sama banyak pihak untuk mengatasinya. Paling penting adalah adanya tindakan nyata yang tidak sekedar wacana semata. Dibutuhkan intervensi secara sistemik, masif, dan berkelanjutan untuk menumbuhkan budaya literasi. Pendekatan yang dianggap paling efektif adalah penyadaran literasi sejak dini dengan melibatkan dunia pendidikan. Melalui proses pendidikan, sebuah program yang sistematik bisa masuk dengan efektif. Atas dasar pemikiran inilah, ada beberapa program literasi sekolah yang telah dilaksanakan dan akan segera dilaksanakan oleh SMA Negeri 1 Banda Aceh. Program ini merupakan aksi nyata perbaikan budaya literasi yang dinamakan dengan gerakan literasi sekolah.
PENGARUH MINYAK JINTAN HITAM (Nigella sativa L.) TERHADAP DAYA INGAT MENCIT (Mus musculus) JANTAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MAZE RADIAL DELAPAN LENGAN
Authors: Subagja Subagja
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh minyak jintan hitam (Nigella sativaL.) terhadap daya ingat mencit (Mus musculus) jantan dengan menggunakan metode maze radialdelapan lengan dan untuk mengetahui dosis yang memiliki pengaruh untuk meningkatkan dayaingat mencit jantan.Mencit 15 ekor dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok masing-masing 3 ekor. Diberikan sediaanminyak jintan hitam dosis 0,1 ml/kg bb; 0,2 ml/kg bb; 0,3 ml/kg bb, kontrol positif obat encephabol0,3 ml/kg bb dan kontrol negatif aquadest 0,3 ml/kg bb. Pengujian dilakukan pada hari ke-18 dandata dihitung dari hari ke-1 sampai ke-18 dengan parameter pengamatan meliputi waktu yangditempuh mencit dalam menemukan makanan pada alat maze. Sebelum diuji mencit dipuasakanselama 12 jam.Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa minyak jintan hitam mempunyai pengaruhterhadap daya ingat mencit jantan setara dengan kontrol positif yaitu obat encephabol. Hasilpenelitian daya ingat mencit jantan dengan menggunakan metode maze radial delapan lenganberdasarkan uji anava (@<0.05) menunjukan bahwa minyak jintan hitam dosis 0,1 ml/kg bb sudahmemiliki pengaruh terhadap peningkatan daya ingat mencit jantan. Kandungan kimia yangterdapat pada minyak jintan hitam untuk meningkatkan daya ingat adalah asam linoleat (omega6), asam linolenat (omega 3) dan vitamin (A, B1, B2, B6, C dan E).
COMPLEMENTARY ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE ( CAM ) TO PROMOTE WOUND HEALING IN DIABETIC ULCERS PATIENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Prima Ashar , Andas Amzal Mortin , Ilyas Asmiana Saputri
Published: January 2020

Diabetic ulcer is one of the main reasons of morbidity in diabetic patients, and it accounts for about 50% of non-traumatic amputations throughout the world. Wound dressing is an integral part in the management of diabetic ulcer. The Literature Review intends to analyze the effectiveness of natural ingredients as complementary alternative medicine used in wound care for diabetic ulcer patients. A Method used is critical review full-textof the last 10 years periods(2007-2017) in English language. The Database used is PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, dan SAGE Journal. Search strategies used PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome), key word :“Diabetic Ulcer” and “Wound Healing’ and “ Complementary Alternative Medicine”. The articles selected gradually and obtained 18 articles. The Result of the literature review found 4 natural ingredient that can be used as dressing in the treatment of diabetic ulcer. The used of dressings can be used as an option in diabetic wound care because it effectively promote in wound healing and more cost effective.
ANALISIS KATEKIN DAN EPIKATEKIN DALAM BIJI KAKAO SERTA PRODUK OLAHANNYA MENGGUNAKAN KROMATOGRAFI CAIR SPEKTROMETRI MASSA
Authors: Subagja Subagja
Published: January 2020

Processing cocoa beans to the cocoa product is estimated can affect active compound in the inside, especially catechin and epicatechin. Therefore, sampling was done from several stages of processing cocoa beans. The sample is cocoa nib, cocoa paste, cocoa powder and cocoa butter. Cocoa powder and cocoa butter obtained from cocoa paste processing at the temperature range 50 to 90 ° C. Research carried out three stages, namely: (1) conduct the selection conditions of analysis, (2) validate the analysis method, and (3) analyze catechin and epicatechin in the cocoa samples. Results of the research shows that based on the ratio catechin and epicatechin, processing cocoa beans into cocoa product influence catechin and epicatechin found therein, with a marked decrease in the ratio of the two substances. Cocoa paste processing into cocoa powder and cocoa butter made in the temperature range 50 to 90 ° C, does not indicate the influence of treatment based on the ratio catechin and epicatechin, but when viewed and measure catechin and epicatechin the inside indicates that the tendency to decrease.
Morphology and anatomy of Desmarestia ligulata from Argentina and D. menziesii from Antarctica (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Scrosati Ricardo Augusto
Published: January 2020

Studies of morphology and anatomy were carried out in two species of the genus Desmarestia. One of them, D. ligulata, was collected in Puerto Deseado, Argentina. The other, D. menziesii, comes from South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.
Moving beyond the concept of altered state of consciousness: the Non-Ordinary Mental Expressions (NOMEs)
Authors: FACCO ENRICO , Fracas Fabio , Tressoldi Patrizio
Published: January 2020

Aim of this theoretical paper is to review the ontological status of so-called altered states of consciousness, suggesting a revision of their common interpretation as abnormal, or anyway less-than-normal conditions. The term Non-Ordinary Mental Expressions (NOMEs), is described and emphasized as a new conceptual tool allowing a more comprehensive interpretation of the varieties of the normal albeit non ordinary consciousness experiences and their implications in the mind-body relationship.
The positive relationship between face identification and facial emotion perception ability extends to super-recognisers
Authors: Ali Linda , Davis Josh P
Published: January 2020

Large individual differences in face identification ability and face emotion perception ability correlate in the neurotypical population. The current study recruited a large sample of participants aged 18-70-years (n = 687). The sample included super-recognisers with exceptional face identity processing skills (n = 74) to determine whether the relationship extends to the top of the ability spectrum. Participants completed one short-term face memory test, a simultaneous face matching test, and two face emotion perception tests. Face memory and face matching scores were moderately positively correlated with each other, and with total scores on the two face emotion perception tests. Super-recognisers outperformed typical-range ability controls at the perception of anger, fear, happy, and neutral, but not disgust or sadness. Identity processing and emotion perception accuracy across the whole sample was influenced by gender and age. From a theoretical perspective, these results demonstrate that correlations found between typical-range ability participants also extend to the top end of the face identification spectrum, implying that a common mechanism may drive performance. Practically, super-recognisers possessing superior face identity processing and emotion perception might enhance the performance of organisations such as police forces or security that rely on these attributes in their staff.
The impressionable social self of schizophrenia: Neural correlates of self-other confusion after social interaction
Authors: Crafa Daina , Stoddart Caitlin M. , Makowski Carolina , Lepage Martin , Brodeur Mathieu B.
Published: January 2020

Background: Social interactions require rapid, real-time information integration and performative application of dynamic social information, and can be especially difficult for patients with schizophrenia. Their difficulty processing social information could lie in challenges extracting the information or in updating their actions to accommodate the new information, resulting in behaviors that may appear rigid or inappropriate. Disruptions may emerge in the underlying, requisite behavioral or neural processes. Methods: Seventeen matched healthy controls and seventeen patients with schizophrenia participated in an fMRI study, which included a social interaction priming procedure wherein they met a friendly stranger who held opposite social values from their own. They answered self-judgement questions about their social values two days before the priming experiment and again during the fMRI scan. Results: Controls suppress social values when interacting with the stranger whereas patients with schizophrenia augment the opposite values, simultaneously holding two sets of social values. Compared to controls, patients display hyperactivity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and atypical activity in caudate, posterior cingulate and precuneus. Discussion: Patients appear to correctly extract social information but apply the information atypically. They display evidence of atypical social flexibility on both performative and neural measures, resulting in confusion between self and other.
Ideological asymmetries in social psychological research: Rethinking the impact of political context on ideological epistemology
Authors: Haas Ingrid Johnsen
Published: January 2020

Commentary on Clark, C. & Winegard, B. M. Tribalism in war and peace: The nature and evolution of ideological epistemology and its significance for modern social science. Psychological Inquiry.
Situational optimization function analysis: An ideal performance analysis inspired on Lewin’s Equation
Authors: Franco Víthor Rosa , Wiberg Marie , Laros Jacob Arie
Published: January 2020

This study presents the situational optimization function analysis (SOFA) and has three aims. First, to develop a Bayesian implementation of SOFA. Second, to compare this implementation with three other maximum likelihood-based models in their accuracy to estimate true scores. The third aim is to show how joint modeling can be used for validity research. A simulation study was used to examine the second aim, while an empirical example was used to illustrate the third aim. The simulation study used three data generating processes, with varying degrees of deviation from linear models and with different sample sizes. Results of the simulation study showed that the Bayesian implementation supersedes the other models. In the empirical example, data collected from 66 participants using an iterated prisoner dilemma and a scale measuring cooperation-competition attitudes were used. Results showed that joint modeling is the best fitting model, also increasing the correlation between the true scores of both measures (deviations from the iterated prisoner dilemma and the scale). Finally, implications, limitations and future studies are discussed.
Unpacking Associations between Mood Symptoms and Screen Time in Preadolescents: A Network Analysis
Authors: Lin Sin-Ying , Eaton Nicholas R , Schleider Jessica L.
Published: January 2020

Mounting evidence highlights the link between screen time and adolescent mood problems. However, there are several shortcomings to the extant literature: (1) this link is relatively underexplored in preadolescents, (2) most existing studies look at mood problems using categorical diagnoses rather than from a symptom-level perspective, despite the heterogeneity within mood disorders, (3) few studies have simultaneously examined the links of mood symptoms with different types of screen time, and (4) family/child-level factors that have shown links to youth psychopathology are not typically considered. This study, for the first time, examined the relationships of mood symptoms with different types of screen time, while accounting for theoretically important factors—parental monitoring and the behavioral inhibition/activation systems (BIS/BAS)—in preadolescents aged 9 to 10 from 9,986 families participating in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. Using mixed graphical models, we found that screen time involving age-inappropriate content was stably and significantly associated with various elevated mood symptoms, independent from other types of screen time, BIS/BAS, and parental monitoring. Additionally, age-inappropriate screen time was associated with increased overall symptom connectivity. Further, preadolescents engaged in high levels of age-inappropriate screen time reported different symptom profiles (i.e., differences in symptom centralities) from common pediatric mood problems. Our findings underline the multifaceted role (i.e., direct associations with symptoms, a moderator for symptom relationships, associations with distinct symptom profiles) of age-inappropriate screen time in preadolescent mood problems. These findings serve as foundations for future research that may facilitate early detection of preadolescents at risk of mood problems.
Navigating a changing private rental sector: opportunities and challenges for low-income renters
Authors: Parkinson Sharon , James Amity , Liu Edgar
Published: January 2020

This study investigated how low-income renters navigate the private rental sector (PRS) via three core pathways: the formal (via traditional or mainstream real estate agent intermediaries), informal (direct to rooms and dwellings privately managed by landlords and sub-landlords) and supported pathways (via community housing agencies). It provides practitioners and policy makers with an evidence base on changing practices and ways forward in shaping equitable PRS institutions.
“I feel like less of a mom.” Experiences of Weight Stigma by Association among Mothers of Children with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Gorlick Jenna , Gorman Claire , Weeks Heidi M. , Pearlman Arielle , Schvey Natasha , Bauer Katherine
Published: January 2020

Background: Parents of children with high weight are often the target of blame and shaming. However, this form of stigma, termed weight stigma by association, is poorly understood.Objective: To investigate the sources, forms, and impacts of weight stigma by association among mothers of children with overweight or obesity. Methods: Mothers of 5 to 16-year-old children (N=34; 54% non-Hispanic White) participated in semi-structured interviews. A coding scheme was developed using the constant comparative method and reliably applied to interview transcripts. Mothers’ self-reported sociodemographic information, and height and weight were measured.Results: Family members were a common source of negative comments to parents about children’s weight; these comments were often critical of mothers’ parenting and caused hurt feelings and family estrangement. Many mothers also reported negative feelings about their children’s physicians due to interactions about their children’s weight. Almost all mothers expressed guilt and sadness for not parenting differently; many internalized beliefs that they were bad parents because of their children’s weight. Conclusion: Mothers of children with overweight and obesity are frequently the target of weight stigma by association. Additional research is needed to elucidate the impacts of this form of stigma on parents’ health, the parent/child relationship, and children’s health.
VIOLENCIA, AGRESIÓN Y DISCRIMINACIÓN EN LA ESCUELA. MIRADAS DESDE LAS MADRES DE FAMILIA DE SECTORES POPULARES DE LIMA
Authors: Jacinto Pazos Pedro
Published: January 2020

En el siguiente artículo, trato de explicar cómo las madres de familia manifiestanlas distintas formas de violencia y, los diferentes prejuicios de discriminación quese presentan en sus entornos vivenciales. En realidad, se trata de analizar desde lapercepción que describen las madres de familia, las distintas formas de socializaciónque se instituyen desde los procederes, conductas o comportamientos que sus hijosexpresan al interior de las instituciones escolares. Se estudian, las distintas manerasen que la agresión y la violencia escolar, se hacen presente desde sus relaciones máspróximas, como son los ámbitos familiares, vecinales o barriales, desde un métodocualitativo y con entrevistas a profundidad. El estudio se realizó en un colegio de VillaMaría del Triunfo y, otro de San Juan de Lurigancho.
PARTICIPACIÓN INFANTIL EN LA ESCUELA PERUANA: POSIBILIDADES PARA UNA CONSTRUCCIÓN CIUDADANA DE LA NIÑEZ EN LOS DEPARTAMENTOS DE SAN MARTÍN, CAJAMARCA E ICA
Authors: Javier Jerjes Loayza
Published: January 2020

Se plantea explorar el carácter participativo de la población escolar del 5to y 6togrado de primaria en el proceso del servicio de raciones y productos del ProgramaNacional de Alimentación Escolar del Perú del nivel de educación primaria en losdepartamentos de San Martín, Cajamarca e Ica. Mediante la aplicación de gruposde discusión y entrevistas semi estructuradas, se advierten actitudes propositivasansiosas de reconocimiento, así como de generar vínculos solidarios con los maestrosy con los pares estudiantiles. La búsqueda de un ejercicio físico continuo, sumado a lageneración de roles sociales que integran a ss miembros en la escuela, demuestranla enorme oportunidad de vislumbrar importantes cuotas de ejercicio ciudadano endicho proceso participativo. Sin embargo las escuelas estudiadas no dan cuenta deello inhibiendo la participación en cuanto sea posible intercambiar a los niños poradultos.
IMAGINARIOS COLONIALES EN EL FILME KUKULI (1961). UNA LECTURA DEL PARATEXTO
Authors: Teran Morveli Jorge
Published: January 2020

La Escuela de Cusco, articulada alrededor del afamado Cine Club Cusco (fundado en1955), ha sido reconocida por, desde una voluntad reivindicativa, haber incorporado alcine nacional el mundo andino; mundo, al momento del estreno del filme, desconocidopara la práctica cinematográfica. Kukuli (1961), primer largometraje hablado en quechua,dirigido por Eulogio Nishiyama, Luis Figueroa y César Villanueva, se ha convertido en unhito fundacional en la cinematografía andina. No obstante, las contradicciones en este filmafloran, pues si bien ofrece una valiosa aproximación, a través del discurso audiovisual, almundo andino y a su habitante quechua, canaliza, al fin y al cabo, una mirada solidariaque actualiza imaginarios coloniales. Nuestra investigación demostrará la pervivencia deesta mirada a partir del estudio del paratexto en la película en mención. Para ello partimosdel aparato teórico afín a los estudios culturales, sumado al análisis textual.
Overview of the Mechanisms of Failure in Heat Treated Steel Components
Authors: MacKenzie Scott
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides an overview of the possible mechanisms of failure for heat treated steel components and discusses the techniques for examining fractures, ductile and brittle failures, intergranular failure mechanisms, and fatigue. It begins with a description of the general sources of component failure. This is followed by a section on the stages of a failure analysis, which can proceed one after the other or occur at the same time. These stages of analysis are collection of background data, preliminary visual examination, nondestructive testing, selection and preservation of specimens, mechanical testing, macroexamination, microexamination, metallographic examination, determination of the fracture mechanism, chemical analysis, exemplar testing, and analysis and writing the report. The chapter ends with a discussion on various processes involved in the determination of the fracture mechanism.
General Aspects of Failure Analysis
Authors: Bose-Filho Waldek Wladimir , Tarpani José Ricardo , Milan Marcelo Tadeu
Published: January 2020

This chapter briefly outlines some of the basic aspects of failure analysis, describing some of the basic steps and major concerns in conducting a failure analysis. A brief review of failure types from fracture, distortion, wear-assisted failure, and environmentally assisted failure (corrosion) is also provided.
Failure in Steel Forging
Authors: Maniruzzaman Md. , Sisson Richard D. , Crosby Stephen R. , Gure Charlie
Published: January 2020

This article presents six case studies of failures with steel forgings. The case studies covered are crankshaft underfill; tube bending; spade bit; trim tear; upset forging; and avoidance of flow through, lap, and crack. The case studies illustrate difficulties encountered in either cold forging or hot forging in terms of preforge factors and/or discontinuities generated by the forging process. Supporting topics that are discussed in the case studies include validity checks for buster and blocker design, lubrication and wear, mechanical surface phenomenon, forging process design, and forging tolerances. Wear, plastic deformation processes, and laws of friction are introduced as a group of subjects that have been considered in the case studies.
Failures from the Casting Process
Authors: Maluf Omar , Rossino Luciana Sgarbi , Carletti Camilo Bento , Ribeiro Celso Roberto , Chinaglia Clever Ricardo , May José Eduardo
Published: January 2020

This chapter describes cast steel features that may be identified or attributed to component failure during heat treatment or subsequent processing or service, namely porosity (generated by the presence of gas as well as by shrinkage pores), decarburization, cold joint, and inclusions.
Steel Failures due to Tempering and Isothermal Heat Treatment
Authors: Vatavuk Jan , Canale L.C.F.
Published: January 2020

This chapter reviews the causes and cases associated with the problems originated by tempering of steels. To provide background on this phenomenon, a brief description of the martensite reactions and the steel heat treatment of tempering is given to review the different stages of microstructural transformation. A section describing the types of embrittlement from tempering, along with mechanical tests for the determination of temper embrittlement (TE), is presented. Various factors involved in the interaction of the TE phenomenon with hydrogen embrittlement and liquid-metal embrittlement are also provided. The cases covered are grinding cracks on steel cam shaft and transgranular and intergranular crack path in commercial steels.
Failure Analysis in Tool Steels
Authors: Mesquita Rafael Agnelli , Barbosa Celso Antonio
Published: January 2020

This chapter focuses on the failure aspects of tool steels. The discussion covers the classification, chemical composition, main characteristics, and several failures of tool steels and their relation to heat treatment. The tool steels covered are hot work, cold work, plastic mold, and high-speed tool steels.
Induction Hardening
Authors: Grum Janez
Published: January 2020

Induction heating, in most applications, is used to selectively heat only a portion of the workpiece that requires treatment. This chapter covers the basic principles, features, and metallurgical aspects of induction heating. The discussion includes the conditions required for induction heating and quenching, the use of magnetic flux concentrators to improve the efficiency of surface heating, and the quenching systems used for induction hardening. The discussion also provides information on time-temperature dependence in induction heating, workpiece distortion in induction surface hardening, residual stresses after induction surface hardening and finish grinding, and input and output control of steel for induction surface hardening of gears.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Film Kartun Matematika Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa SD Negeri 187 Pinrang
Authors: Zainal Zaid , Jasriani Andi , Hasnah Hasnah
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini menelaah tentang uji coba media film kartun matematika pada mata pelajaran matematika siswa SD Negeri 187 Pinrang. untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media film kartun matematika terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa SD Negeri 187 Pinrang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen dan menggunakan desain Quasy Experimental dalam bentuk Pretest-Posttest Non Equivalent Control Group Design. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel yaitu 70 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes dalam bentuk pilihan ganda dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif dan statistik  inferensial. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji Paired Sample T-Test diperoleh signifikansi  0,00  (0,00  <   0,05) dan hasil analisis dari uji t diperoleh nilai  - thitung    <  - ttabel (-22.321 < -2.032) menunjukkan bahwa H0 ditolak yang artinya terdapat perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar matematika siswa SD Negeri 187 Pinrang antara sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan media film kartun matematika. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa media film kartun matematika berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa SD Negeri 187 Pinrang.
Risk factors for developing subdural hematoma: a registry-based study in 1457 patients with shunted idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Gasslander Johan , Sundström Nina , Eklund Anders , Koskinen Lars-Owe D. , Malm Jan
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

Subdural hematomas and hygromas (SDHs) are common complications in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients with shunts. In this registry-based study, patients with shunted iNPH were screened nationwide to identify perioperative variables that may increase the risk of SDH.

METHODS

The Swedish Hydrocephalus Quality Registry was reviewed for iNPH patients who had undergone shunt surgery in Sweden in 2004–2014. Potential risk factors for SDH were recorded preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. Drug prescriptions were identified from a national pharmacy database. Patients who developed SDHs were compared with those without SDHs.

RESULTS

The study population consisted of 1457 patients, 152 (10.4%) of whom developed an SDH. Men developed an SDH more often than women (OR 2.084, 95% CI 1.421–3.058, p < 0.001). Patients on platelet aggregation inhibitors developed an SDH more often than those who were not (OR 1.733, 95% CI 1.236–2.431, p = 0.001). At surgery, shunt opening pressures had been set 5.9 mm H2O lower in the SDH group than in the no-SDH group (109.6 ± 24.1 vs 115.5 ± 25.4 mm H2O, respectively, p = 0.009). Antisiphoning devices (ASDs) were used in 892 patients but did not prevent SDH. Mean opening pressures at surgery and the follow-up were lower with shunts with an ASD, without causing more SDHs. No other differences were seen between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

iNPH patients in this study were diagnosed and operated on in routine practice; thus, the results represent everyday care. Male sex, antiplatelet medication, and a lower opening pressure at surgery were risk factors for SDH. Physical status and comorbidity were not. ASD did not prevent SDH, but a shunt with an ASD allowed a lower opening pressure without causing more SDHs.
A preoperative risk classifier that predicts tumor progression in patients with cranial base chondrosarcomas
Authors: Venteicher Andrew S. , McDowell Michael M. , Goldschmidt Ezequiel , Wang Eric W. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

The authors conducted a study to identify clinical features of cranial base chondrosarcomas that will predict tumor progression after resection.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective study at a tertiary referral cranial base center. Patients who underwent resection of cranial base chondrosarcomas between January 2004 and December 2018 were followed longitudinally. The main outcome measure was progression-free survival (PFS).

RESULTS

A total of 41 patients were treated for histopathologically proven “conventional” cranial base chondrosarcomas during the study period, and the median PFS was 123 months for the cohort. Univariate analysis was performed on clinical, anatomical, and radiographic parameters collected for each patient. Features that were statistically significant were fed into a multivariate regression model, which revealed two independent predictors of PFS: patient age and encasement of 3–4 major arteries (> 25% of the vessel wall surrounded by tumor). Using these two variables of age and multiple arterial vessel encasement, the authors generated a risk stratification model using a simple point system to predict PFS in patients with cranial base chondrosarcomas. Based on these two factors known preoperatively, this model could stratify patients into high-risk (10% of patients), intermediate-risk (68% of patients), and low-risk (22% of patients) subgroups corresponding to dramatically distinct median PFS (1.8 years, 10.2 years, and no progression, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with cranial base chondrosarcomas, age and artery encasement are variables known preoperatively that can powerfully predict tumor progression, define operative goals, and aid in selecting postoperative adjuvant therapy.
CBF changes and cerebral energy metabolism during hypervolemia, hemodilution, and hypertension therapy in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Engquist Henrik , Lewén Anders , Hillered Lars , Ronne-Engström Elisabeth , Nilsson Pelle , Enblad Per , Rostami Elham
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

Despite the multifactorial pathogenesis of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), augmentation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is still considered essential in the clinical management of DCI. The aim of this prospective observational study was to investigate cerebral metabolic changes in relation to CBF during therapeutic hypervolemia, hemodilution, and hypertension (HHH) therapy in poor-grade SAH patients with DCI.

METHODS

CBF was assessed by bedside xenon-enhanced CT at days 0–3, 4–7, and 8–12, and the cerebral metabolic state by cerebral microdialysis (CMD), analyzing glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glutamate hourly. At clinical suspicion of DCI, HHH therapy was instituted for 5 days. CBF measurements and CMD data at baseline and during HHH therapy were required for study inclusion. Non-DCI patients with measurements in corresponding time windows were included as a reference group.

RESULTS

In DCI patients receiving HHH therapy (n = 12), global cortical CBF increased from 30.4 ml/100 g/min (IQR 25.1–33.8 ml/100 g/min) to 38.4 ml/100 g/min (IQR 34.2–46.1 ml/100 g/min; p = 0.006). The energy metabolic CMD parameters stayed statistically unchanged with a lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio of 26.9 (IQR 22.9–48.5) at baseline and 31.6 (IQR 22.4–35.7) during HHH. Categorized by energy metabolic patterns during HHH, no patient had severe ischemia, 8 showed derangement corresponding to mitochondrial dysfunction, and 4 were normal. The reference group of non-DCI patients (n = 11) had higher CBF and lower L/P ratios at baseline with no change over time, and the metabolic pattern was normal in all these patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Global and regional CBF improved and the cerebral energy metabolic CMD parameters stayed statistically unchanged during HHH therapy in DCI patients. None of the patients developed metabolic signs of severe ischemia, but a disturbed energy metabolic pattern was a common occurrence, possibly explained by mitochondrial dysfunction despite improved microcirculation.
Dephrasal adjectives in Polish – A case of syntax-inside-morphology
Authors: Kolbusz-Buda Joanna
Published: January 2020

The present paper is part of a larger project which investigates the issue of “syntax-inside-morphology” in the domain of Polish word-formation. In what follows, we explore the thus far unstudied territory of dephrasal adjectives, such as tużpopołudniowy ‘right-after-noon’ and ponadstustronicowy ‘over-one-hundred-page’ built on phrasal bases subjected to suffixation.

It is generally acknowledged that the Polish word-formation system is not designed to comprise phrasal compounding – a word-formation type which has come to be considered a flagship representative of the morphology-syntax interface (see Szymanek 2017 and Pafel 2017). Nevertheless, one may come across a number of Polish word-formation patterns, such as the class of nouns derived from PPs (e.g. nausznik ‘earmuff’ [[naP uszyN]PP -nik]N) or synthetic compound words (e.g. bydłobójnia ‘abattoir’ [[bydłN-o-bójV]VP -nia]N) which should clearly be considered legitimate members of the global “syntax-inside-morphology” community (see Kolbusz-Buda 2019a).

In what follows, we want to argue that Polish dephrasal adjectives should be recognised as a case of morphology-syntax interplay on a par with the already attested cross-linguistic material. The phrasal character of the Polish data to be discussed in this study is so strong that researching this sui generis type of derivation seems not only a valid linguistic undertaking but also one with important implications. The study may have far-reaching consequences for the descriptive adequacy of the Polish word-formation system and point to new directions in the discussion on the morphology-syntax interface. The morphological structure of the adjectives to be discussed will be juxtaposed with the class of Polish compounds proper, in particular, synthetic compounds – a word-formation type which can be considered the closest in its morphological make-up to the presented material. Offering such a comparative perspective seems necessary as the adjectives to which we choose to refer as products of dephrasal suffixation are casually classified as compounds. Moreover, although Polish does not note any cases of phrasal compounding, the morphological structure of the adjectives in question will be additionally examined to discover potential parallels between the two word-formation types. The reason behind this undertaking is two-fold. Firstly, as has already been mentioned, dephrasal adjectives are classified as compounds; secondly, they contain a phrasal unit.

In our analysis, we draw on a revised version of the Lexical Integrity Hypothesis, i.e. Lieber and Scalise’s (2007) Firewall Theory, which belongs to the current of the so-called mixed models of word-formation advanced in the recent years by, for instance, Ackema and Neeleman 2004 and Pafel 2017, allowing for a limited intermodular interaction between morphological and syntactic domains.