bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method of coordinating joint operation of air starter and auxiliary power unit and determining the gas turbine engine starting time
Authors: Popov G. M. , Baturin O. V. , Novikova Yu. D. , Zubanov V. M. , Volkov A. A. , Korneeva A. I.
Published: December 2020

The article describes the method developed by the authors to coordinate the working process of the auxiliary power plant (APP) and the starter air turbine (SAT) used for starting a gas turbine engine (GTD). This method is used to test the possibility of joint operation of the APP and the air turbine in the gas turbine engine starting system in given operating modes. The method is based on combining the APP and turbine characteristics shown in the same coordinates on the same field and checking for intersection points. The condition of joint operation is fulfilled in them. Non-crossing graphs indicate the impossibility of joint work in the selected operating mode. The developed method takes into account losses and leaks in the engine starting system pipes. The data obtained using the developed method are source data for calculating and optimizing the air turbine's working process and for determining the time required to start the GTE, as well as for testing the operability of the GTE system by strength and other criteria. An algorithm for calculating the time required to start the GTE was also developed by the authors and implemented as a computer program. The obtained data can be used to analyze the possibility of starting the engine and to calculate its main parameters for specific elements of the engine starting system, to select the APP and SAT to meet the specifications.
Improving the efficiency of the powerplant of an unmanned aerial vehicle through the use of cryogenic fuel
Authors: Kolesnikov A. S. , Grasko T. V. , Raznoschikov V. V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to increasing the efficiency of the power plant of an unmanned aerial vehicle through the use of cryogenic fuel. It has been substantiated that the creation of a power plant is based on an integrated approach to the Aircraft Power Plant Fuel system and ensures a significant achievement of perfection indicators according to high-level criteria (fuel consumption per hour (kilometer), range, flight duration, etc.) Analysis of energetic properties of some types of aviation fuels showed that gas fuels in their properties are generally superior to liquid ones, except for one thing low density, which requires a large volume of fuel tanks. An unmanned aerial vehicle Tu-143 Reis (Flight) equipped with a pure turbojet engine TR3-117 was chosen as a prototype. The optimization problem of the study was solved. The task was to determine if an engine intended to run on kerosene could operate on propane according to the main parameters of the working process, provided that possible flight conditions were maintained. The obtained altitude and speed characteristics indicate that the conversion of engines from kerosene to cryogenic propane is possible without changing their design by modernizing the combustion chamber and individual elements of the automatic fuel metering system.
Rozwój dyrektoriów katechetycznych po Soborze Watykańskim II (1971-1997-2020)
Authors: Kiciński Andrzej
Published: December 2020

Papież Franciszek zatwierdził 23 marca 2020 r. nowe Dyrektorium o Katechizacji, które opracowała Papieska Rada ds. Krzewienia Nowej Ewangelizacji. Pierwsze Directorium Catechisticum Generale z 1971 r. było odpowiedzią na wielkie wydarzenie eklezjalne, jakim był Sobór Watykański II i jego generalną reformę oraz odnowę. Również następne dokumenty katechetyczne – kontynuując główne przesłanie – odpowiadają na znaki czasu w szybko zmieniającym się świecie. Dla drugiego Dyrektorium Ogólnego o Katechizacji z 1997 r. odniesieniem były synody, które znaczeniu katechezy poświęcały dużo miejsca, a zwłaszcza adhortacja Jana Pawła II Catechesi tradendae (1979) i ukazanie się Katechizmu Kościoła Katolickiego (1992) miały decydującą rolę w nowym opracowaniu celów, treści i zagadnień metodologicznych. Trzecie Dyrektorium Katechetyczne z 2020 r. to dynamiczne rozwinięcie dwóch wcześniejszych tekstów, z którymi zachowuje ciągłość. Jest to również odczytanie współczesnych znaków czasu.

Dyrektorium katechetyczne to normatywny dokument eklezjalny, który zawiera fundamentalne zasady teologiczno-pastoralne zaczerpnięte głównie z dokumentów Soboru Watykańskiego II, Katechizmu Kościoła Katolickiego i innych dokumentów Nauczycielskiego Urzędu Kościoła z zakresu katechezy oraz ogólne wytyczne dla Episkopatów w celu opracowania dyrektoriów katechetycznych krajowych, które uwzględniając konkretne warunki wskażą drogi posługi katechetycznej w Kościołach partykularnych. Ich rozwój po Soborze Watykańskim II oznacza przechodzenie do kolejnego etapu głoszenia Ewangelii we współczesnym świecie.
Chrzcielny charakter Wielkiego Postu i homilijne tego implikacje
Authors: Malewicz Remigiusz
Published: December 2020

Niedziele Wielkiego Postu cyklu A są szczególnym czasem chrzcielnej odnowy. Celebracje liturgiczne tych niedziel wprowadzają wierzących w przeżywanie wędrówki chrzcielnej, niemal w ponowne przemierzanie drogi katechumenów. Celem artykułu jest opracowanie kerygmatu pięciu niedziel Wielkiego Postu (cyklu A) w perspektywie chrzcielnej, aby ukazać, że celebracje tych niedziel są czasem na odnowienie łask chrzcielnych. Chodzi także o sformułowanie postulatów mających na celu odnowę współczesnego przepowiadania homilijnego niedziel Wielkiego Postu cyklu A, uwzględniając przy tym teologię homilii i współczesne nauczanie Kościoła na jej temat.
From menarche to menopause
Authors: T. F. Tatarchuk
Published: December 2020

On September 11–12, 2020, in Kyiv hosted the International Women's Health Summit “From Menarche to Menopause” with the participation of leading foreign and domestic experts in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The event was devoted to such topical topics as miscarriage, infertility, menstrual irregularities, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT).The current concern in clinical practice is not overuse of MHT, but it underutilization, and the fact that only a small number of women with impaired quality of life through menopausal symptoms receive treatment, despite that they perfectly fit the patient's profile for such therapy.All types of MHT are characterized by following effects: a positive effect on the cardiovascular system if MHT was start before 60 ages or in the first 10 years after menopause onset; the mortality rate from all causes is not increased in patients on MHT. The “ideal” MHT should relieve vasomotor symptoms, influence urogenital symptoms, prevent fractures and bone loss, protect the cardiovascular system and endometrium, and should not increase the risks of breast cancer, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Estradiol + dydrogesterone (Femoston®) scheme fits perfectly into these criteria. Femoston® is an oral MHT preparation that is effective in relieving symptoms of estrogen deficiency with a proven safety profile on the cardiovascular system and breast. This drug helps to reduce the manifestations of symptoms of estrogen deficiency, increase bone mineral density, and has a positive effect on metabolic processes. Numerous studies have shown that combination of estradiol + dydrogesterone is not only highly effective against menopausal symptoms, but also extremely important features, in particular, a proven safety profile for breast cancer.
Effect of Distreptaza® Distrept on the antibiofilm activity of clindamycin against Staphylococcus spp.
Authors: N. O. Vrynchanu  , N. I. Hrynchuk  , V. V. Samsonova
Published: December 2020

This article highlights one of the most important medical and social problems – an increase in the number of diseases of the female reproductive system caused by microorganisms and the insufficient effectiveness of modern antimicrobial medicines, absence of medicine with antibiofilm action. This prompts the authors to search for products that increase the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy, as well as medicines that can suppress film formation and disrupt the biofilm structure. The article presents the results of studying the biofilms sensitivity formed by Staphylococcus spp. to the action of the enzyme preparation Distreptaza® Distrept and its effect on the specific antibacterial activity of clindamycin.Purpose of the study: to evaluate the Distreptaza® Distrept impact on the specific effect of clindamycin against the biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.Materials and methods: one-day cultures of S. aureus 222 and S. epidermidis 297 were used in the experiments. Solutions of drugs and microorganisms were added simultaneously, with the action on the formed biofilms – 24 hours after the introduction of the bacterial inoculum to study the effect of medicines on film formation. Experiments were carried out according to the generally accepted technique based on the sorption of gentian violet by biofilm structures with subsequent desorption of the dye into an organic solvent.Results: the experiments showed that Distreptaza® Distrept interferes with the film formation of Staphylococcus spp. (S. aureus inhibition in 85.4%, S. epidermidis in 20.3%). Distreptaza® Distrept affects the biofilms formed by S. aureus, the biomass of S. aureus decreases by 59.5%. It was found that Distreptaza® Distrept enhances the specific activity of clindamycin, both at the stage of film formation, and on the formed biofilms.Conclusions: the medicine Distreptaza® Distrept has antibiofilm activity, increases the specific antibacterial effect of clindomycin against biofilms of gram-positive microorganisms. This allows us to talk about the prospects for this drug use as monotherapy in chronic recurrent diseases of the genital tract, as well as in combination with antimicrobial drugs.
Peculiarities of vitamin D status in adolescent girls with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolically unhealthy obesity
Authors: E. F. Chaykivska  , T. I. Kvasha  , N. V. Iarotska  , N. K. Silina
Published: December 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common form of chronic liver disease, affecting 10–20% of the total pediatric population, including 8% of non-obese children and 50–80% of those who are obese.Purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of vitamin D status in Ukrainian adolescent girls with NAFLD and metabolically unhealthy obesity.Materials and methods. 120 girls aged 12–17 years with NAFLD and metabolically unhealthy obesity, as well as 180 conditionally somatically healthy girls with normal sexual development and normal body weights (control group) were under observation. The examination set included clinical and anamnestic data, anthropometry, assessment of sexual development, clinical blood test, general urinalysis, coprogram, parasitological examination of feces, electrocardiography, lipid profile, glucose, insulin, HOMA index, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, amylase, blood test for markers of hepatitis B, C, autoimmunological studies, ultrasound and elastography of the hepatobiliary system, consultation with an endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, according to the indications - cardiologist, pulmonologist, allergist and other specialists.Results. A characteristic feature of vitamin D status in adolescent girls with NAFLD and metabolically unhealthy obesity was its deficiency in 65.83% of cases, while in the control deficiency was observed less often 1.5 times – in 43.89 % of patients. The average 25(OH)D level in the group without steatosis was 22.00 ± 0.56 ng/ml, while in patients with NAFLD and metabolically unhealthy obesity it was 1.34 times lower – 16.44 ± 0.73 ng/ml. Conclusion. Correlation analysis showed the role of 25(OH)D deficiency in the development of diffuse liver diseases, disorders of lipid, carbohydrate, and purine metabolism in adolescent girls with NAFLD and obesity, that is requires an adequate correction of the status of this vitamin during treatment.
From acute pancreatitis to pancreonecrosis during pregnancy
Authors: V. О. Zabolotnov  , Y. V. Yakovenko  , V. Y. Shatylо  , O. O. Khvatova  , Y. P. Sehedina
Published: December 2020

Acute pancreatitis during pregnancy is a rare but extremely formidable complication and accompanied by a high level of perinatal and maternal mortality. Excessive hypertriglyceridemia is an extremely important risk factor for pancreatitis, especially during pregnancy. The secretion of cholesterol in hepatic bile increases in the second trimester and reaches a peak in the third trimester compared with bile acids and phospholipids, which leads to a supersaturation of bile. This is determines the highest incidence of acute pancreatitis in pregnant women in the third trimester. Acute onset, nature of the disease and difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in pregnant women significantly threaten the health of mother and fetus. Although most authors argue that treating acute pancreatitis during pregnancy is similar to treating non-pregnant patients, this is actually far from the truth. Pathogenesis features of acute pancreatitis in pregnant women come to the fore, which must be taken into account when managing these patients. Medical workers (primarily obstetricians) have a question about the advisability of preserving pregnancy, fetus, timing and method of abortion, and today these are extremely controversial decisions.Management of pregnant women with acute pancreatitis is an extremely difficult task, despite the achievements of recent years, and is accompanied by high perinatal and maternal mortality, the level of which depends on the severity of acute pancreatitis.The severe course of acute pancreatitis in pregnant women is extremely dangerous for the fetus and in all cases leads to its distress and in more than half of cases to fetal loss. The average severity of pancreatitis is also unfavorable for the fetus and is accompanied by its loss in every fourth case. Emergency abortion is indicated if triglycerides are the cause of acute pancreatitis. Management of such pregnant women requires a multidisciplinary approach to predict the course of pancreatitis, determine the tactics of pregnancy and acute pancreatitis, method and timing of delivery.
Measures of criminal law against illegal gambling activities US law
Authors: Lihodedov K.S. , Kartashov I.I.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the US criminal law for illegal gambling activities.
Forecasting the risk factors for sustainable regional development in Russia (for example of the Rostov region)
Authors: Tarasova M.V.
Published: December 2020

The article investigates a number of factors that determine the sustainability of socioeconomic development of Russian regions. On the example of one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the Southern Federal District - the Rostov region, risk factors that affect political and social processes in the regions in the conditions of technical recession, sanctions and pandemic restrictions have been established. It is concluded that in the current conditions of functioning of regional socio-economic systems, it is advisable to carry out economic reforms that ensure the adjustment of socio-economic development results obtained in the post-socialist period.
A Blind Smear From LJ Medium Revealing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Talus Osteomyelitis After Seeking for Osteotuberculosis in a 13-Year-old Teenager: A Case Report
Authors: Eftekhari Nasim , Rezaeizadeh Reza , Shahabinejad Shayan
Published: December 2020

The Lowenstein-Jensen is an egg-based microbiology medium that was designed for selective isolation of Mycobacterium spp. The main inhibitory composition in this medium is a synthetic dye called malachite green. Mycobacterium spp. is resistant to the dye by de-colorization and oxidation of it. Some non-tuberculosis organisms may also overcome this inhibitoryingredient by similar enzymatic activity. In the final inspection of the bone TB culture of a teenage patient, the blind smear revealed the Pseudomonas talus osteomyelitis. Accordingto the present and similar experiences, the preparation of 1-2 blind smears from TB culturenegative specimens taken from sterile sites of the body may unmask mycobacteria with the atypical colony and non-tuberculosis microorganisms.
Enhancing the indicator for COVID-19 confirmed cases
Authors: Ferdosi Masoud , Mostafavi Ehsan
Published: December 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Molecular detection of Propionibacterium acnes in biopsy samples of intervertebral disc with modic changes in patients undergoing herniated disc surgery
Authors: Najafi Sharif , Mahmoudi Pedram , Bassampour Seyed Alireza , Shekarchi Babak , Soleimani Mohammad , Mohammadimehr Mojgan
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Recent studies have hypothesized that sterile disc infection with the anaerobic Propionibac- terium acnes, recently renamed Cutibacterium acnes, occurs in people with intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation. This study aimed to examine the presence of P. acnes in patients who have Low back pain (LBP) with Modic changes observed in their Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven patients who were candidates for surgery due to disc herniation and demonstrated Modic changes in MRI were included in the study. Before the surgery, the level of pain in patients was assessed using the visual analog score (VAS). All patients were asked to fill in the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. Interver- tebral disc changes observed in MRI were recorded for all patients. Then, during surgery, sterile intervertebral disc samples were taken. P. acnes detection was performed using PCR in the laboratory. Data analysis with Chi-squared test, independent samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS 18.0.
Results: The mean age of 37 patients equaled 43.64 years and the mean duration of symptoms was 11.05 months. In molec- ular examination, of the 37 individuals, the genome of P. acnes was positive in 23 cases (62.2%) and negative in 14 (37.8%). The relationship between VAS, disability score, changes in MRI, and patients’ age with the positivity of the intervertebral disc sample was also assessed. Of these variables, only age was significantly correlated with the positive molecular finding, such that with an increase in age, the probability of positive findings was increased (p = 0.022).
Conclusion: Based on the results, lumbar disc infection with P. acnes may play a significant role in causing Modic changes
and the progression of the disease in patients with LBP.
Increment in protease activity of Lysobacter enzymogenes strain by ultra violet radiation
Authors: Jafari Kalahroudi Reyhaneh , Valizadeh Vahideh , Atyabi Seyed Mohammad , Keramati Malihe , Ahangari Cohan Reza , Aghai Atousa , Norouzian Dariush
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Increasing the amount of protease from microbial sources is in the focus of attention. Ran- dom mutagenesis by physical methods like ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a cost effective and convenient procedure for strain improvement. Therefore, in the present study attempts were made to investigate the effect of UV radiation on Lysobacter enzymogenes in order to increase its protease activity.
Materials and Methods: UV mutagenesis was induced in L. enzymogenes fresh culture at the distance of 20 cm from light source for different exposure times of 70, 90, 150 and 200 seconds. The mutated isolates were randomly cultured from the nutrient agar medium to casein agar plate, as a selective medium. The primary screening was performed by observing hydro- lysis of casein in the plate and the secondary screening was carried out on skim milk agar on the basis of zone of hydrolysis using bacterial supernatants. Quantification of protease activity was done by Anson’s method using tyrosine as standard.
Results: UV radiation resulted in obtaining 12 mutants out of 100 examined L. enzymogenes strains with increased protease activity. The mutant M2, at 90s exposure time was selected as the best mutant bacterium which produced 1.96 fold more protease over the parent strain.
Conclusion: Random mutation by UV radiation is a simple and convenient method to increase the protease activity of Ly- sobacter enzymogenes. Furthermore, it seems that the middle time of exposure to UV, 90 s, was the best time because it can induce mutagenesis but did not hamper the bacteria growth and viability.
The morphological and biological characteristics of a virulent PI phage isolated from slaughterhouse sewage in Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Khalatbari-Limaki Sepideh , Hosseinzadeh Saeid , Shekarforoush Seyed Shahram , Berizi Enayat
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Foodborne pathogens are among the serious problems all around the world and thus a novel and natural strategy to control and to inhibit such pathogens is highly demanded nowadays. The aim of this study was to iso- late a specific bacteriophage of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from sewage in Fars province, Iran to determine its morphological and antimicrobial activities.
Materials and Methods: In order to isolate the bacteriophage of E. coli O157:H7, 10 samples of slaughterhouse wastewa- ters were used. Double-Layer Agar method was employed to isolate the bacteriophage. To identify the fine structure of the bacteriophage, electron microscope was employed. Host range and antibacterial activity of the phage was also investigated, in vitro.
Results: The morphological and biological characteristics of a virulent Siphoviridae phage, PI, are reported. It was found that infection of E. coli O157:H7 strains with this specific bacteriophage produce clear plaques. In the one-step growth anal- ysis, it was confirmed that the phage has been characterized with a very short rise period (around 15 min), an average burst size of 193 PFU/cell, high infectivity and potent lytic action. The bacteriolytic activity of PI was also investigated, in vitro. It was also clarified that at the MOI of 100, 10 and 1, the phage rapidly lysed the bacterial cells within 0.5 or 2 h.
Conclusion: These results indicate that the phage PI is a newly discovered phage against E. coli O157:H7 in Iran which may be recommended to use as bio-control purposes.
Heroes or cowards: healthcare workers’ autonomy right versus patient care duties during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Azadnajafabad Sina
Published: December 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Economic aspects of consumer behavior in tourism for a selected population group in the Czech Republic
Authors: Navrátilová Miroslava , Beranová Markéta , Smutka Luboš , Severová Lucie
Published: December 2020

Tourism is currently an important branch of the global economy. However, the democratization of travel and tourism, together with the intensifying globalization processes and mass movements of the world’s population, brings with it some accompanying adverse effects that influence the shape of the contemporary world. The paper aims to evaluate the impact of the security and safety factor on the consumer behavior of young people aged 19–29 in the Czech Republic when choosing a destination for tourism. The age categorization was carried out concerning the theoretical definition of youth travel participants according to UNWTO and WYSE Travel Confederation. Attitudes and opinions of the monitored group of consumers were gathered through primary research attended by 428 respondents. Quantitative studies were used to obtain the necessary data using a questionnaire technique of data collection. The results show that, in terms of general preferences, the vast majority of respondents prefer an active way of spending time during their trips. The results show that young people consider the situation in their place of residence as the most important safety factor when choosing a destination (84.8%); the local political situation and potential health risks in the country are considered as significant ones by less than 70.0% persons. The majority of respondents (65.7%) identified the Internet as the predominant way of obtaining information when traveling.
Unusual Presentation of Rapunzel Syndrome in an 8-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Rostom MD Alaa H , Alisi MD Mohammed S , Akila MD Mai M
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Trichobezoar is a rare clinical entity in which a ball of hair accumulates within the alimentary tract. It can be found as an isolated mass in the stomach or may extend into the duodenum and jejunum, which is labeled as Rapunzel syndrome. In this article, we report a rare case of Rapunzel syndrome with a long tail that presented with non-specific features.

Case Presentation: An 8-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic due to palpable abdominal mass. Physical examination revealed non-tender, well-defined abdominal mass and signs of anemia. Imaging showed a giant bezoar filling the stomach, duodenum, and part of jejunum without features of mechanical obstruction. Laparotomy revealed large trichobezoar with long tail. Retrospective evaluation showed significant hair loss and frequent habit of trichotillomania and trichophagia.

Conclusion: Rapunzel Syndrome is not a fairy tale. It may present with vague non-obstructing features. Significant hair loss and underlying psychiatric disorders should raise suspicion to do further investigations. Long-term follow-up and psychiatric management are recommended to prevent recurrence.
Common Pathogens and Their Resistance to Antimicrobials in Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP): A Single Center Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Mohammad Abu Kausar , Nasir Morshed , Paul Sujat , Rahman Habibur , Abul Kalam , Ahmed Farid Uddin
Published: December 2020

Pneumonia is a worldwide, serious threat to health and an enormous socio-economic burden for health care system. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with a significant mortality and morbidity. Knowledge of predominant microbial patterns in CAP constitutes the basis for initial decisions about empirical antimicrobial treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial etiology of CAP in adult hospitalized patients and to see their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. It was a hospital based cross sectional observational study on 87 hospitalized patients diagnosed with CAP admitted in Medicine department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH). Sputum for Gram staining, Z N staining, culture sensitivity, blood culture and sensitivity and PCR for Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumonia and Streptococcus pneumonia were done. Patients were followed up for in-hospital outcome and 30-day mortality. The mean (±SD) age was 49.59±16.97 years and male female ratio was 1.56:1. Sputum culture, blood culture and PCR were positive in 60.9%, 1.1% and 4.6% of the samples respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified in the sputum culture of the majority of the patients (39.1%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.3%), Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (5.7%). The only one sample which was positive in blood culture and it was Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified in all the 4 PCR positive cases. The highly sensitive drugs were meropenem, levofloxacin and amikacin. In hospital mortality and 30-day mortality was 6.9% and 16.1% respectively. Gram-negative bacteria pre-dominate in the bacteriologic profile of CAP using conventional sputum and blood culture. There is need for further conventional serologic tests for atypical and viral pathogens in all patients admitted with CAP.
Belda, Enrique, Dignidad y discapacidad. Una perspectiva desde los derechos humanos. Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2019, 270 pp., ISBN 978-84-1313-376-8
Authors: Oehling de los Reyes Alberto
Published: December 2020

Para un estudioso de los derechos humanos se puede afirmar que encontrar una monografía dedicada a la dignidad humana es siempre motivo de interés y satisfacción, más si el estudio se dirige al análisis de concepto desde una perspectiva eminentemente práctica, cual es la garantía de los derechos fundamentales en relación con un grupo más vulnerable.
La penalidad del delito de programa de ordenador fraudulento en el Código Penal español. Régimen vigente y posibilidades de reforma
Authors: Cruz Palmera Roberto
Published: December 2020

En esta contribución presentamos un nuevo estudio del delito de «programa de ordenador fraudulento», art. 248.2 b) del Código Penal español. Se trata de una revisión de los aspectos más problemáticos: el adelantamiento de las barreras de protección y la penalidad. Exponemos en estas páginas una propuesta de reforma que intenta sanear la desproporcionalidad de la pena y los problemas derivados de la excesiva anticipación punitiva.

Recibido: 04.12.2020Aceptado: 21.12.2020
Apuntes críticos sobre el control judicial de constitucionalidad en el Ecuador
Authors: Gaibor Gallardo Gonzalo M.
Published: December 2020

La aprobación de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador (CRE) en el año 2008 marcó un giro transcendental en el paradigma del derecho constitucional ecuatoriano. A partir de este momento, y a la luz del nuevo estado de derechos y justicia social consagrado en la Constitución, se concibe por primera vez a la Corte Constitucional (CC) como un organismo especializado e independiente de las demás funciones del Estado. Es preciso dejar sentado que durante el siglo XX también se instituyeron Tribunales Constitucionales, sin embargo, la estructura y atribuciones de estos no eran precisamente los de un organismo de jurisdicción constitucional que ejerce su acción de forma plena. Así, en la Constitución de 1945 se crea el Tribunal de Garantías Constitucionales (TGC) como un órgano de control constitucional, dependiente de los demás poderes del Estado, con escasas competencias para realizar el control sobre la ley. En el presente artículo se realizará un breve análisis de la evolución de la jurisdicción constitucional en el Ecuador. A partir de la Constitución de 2008, la forma de concebir la organización del Estado en el Ecuador tiene un impacto directo sobre el control judicial de constitucionalidad, dado que todos los jueces ocupan un sitio estelar como custodios de los derechos de quienes acuden ante la administración judicial. Así sucede, al menos, en el plano formal, pues en la práctica jurisdiccional existe una brecha marcada entre el diseño formal y la materialización del estado de derechos. No obstante, la declaración de inconstitucionalidad de la ley es una competencia exclusiva de la Corte Constitucional. Los jueces de los distintos tribunales se limitan a realizar un trabajo colaborativo con el órgano encargado de la jurisdicción constitucional. Dicho esto, se ha proscrito de manera tajante la posibilidad de que los jueces ordinarios declaren la inconstitucionalidad de cualquier norma jurídica.

Recibido: 20.11.2020Aceptado: 21.12.2020
Soju Filters in Hoop Algebras
Authors: Borzooei Rajab Ali , Rezaei Gholam Reza , Kologhani Mona Aaly , Jun Young Bae
Published: December 2020

The notions of (implicative) soju filters in a hoop algebra are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations between a soju sub-hoop, a soju filter and an implicative soju filter are discussed. Conditions for a soju filter to be implicative are displayed, and characterizations of an implicative soju filters are considered. The extension property of an implicative soju filter is established.
Badanie wizerunku i znajomości celu podróży, zachowań związanych z wyszukiwaniem informacji, zaangażowania oraz motywacji turystycznej jako czynników wpływających na lojalność ekoturysty wobec destynacji
Authors: Yu Jing , Kasim Azilah , Sreenivasan Jayashree , Dzakiria Hisham , Ul Haq Magray Ahsan
Published: December 2020

Praca ma na celu zbadanie wpływu wybranych czynników, które w przeszłości nie cieszyły się dużym zainteresowaniem badaczy, na lojalność ekoturystów wobec destynacji w kontekście ekoturystyki w kraju rozwijającym się. Czynniki te to: wizerunek i znajomość celu podróży, zachowania związanie z wyszukiwaniem informacji, zaangażowanie oraz motywacja turystyczna. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone na miejscu z udziałem grupy turystów odwiedzających Malezję, których poproszono o wypełnienie kwestionariusza ankiety. Wielkość próby wyniosła 813 osób, co odpowiada wskaźnikowi reakcji w wysokości 47%. Postawione hipotezy zostały zweryfikowane przy użyciu modelu równań strukturalnych. Odkryto, że choć nie istnieje zależność liniowa pomiędzy badanymi zmiennymi a lojalnością wobec destynacji, uzyskane wyniki są źródłem pewnych sugestii dotyczących zarządzania w branży.
Odczuwanie braku nadziei a pragnienie budowania kariery w turystyce: analiza empiryczna przeprowadzona na Uniwersytecie w Synopie, Turcja
Authors: Bayram Ali Turan , Kavlak Hasan Tahsin , Dogra Jeet , Bayram Gül Erkol
Published: December 2020

Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie związku pomiędzy poziomem nadziei studentów kierunków turystycznych a ich pragnieniem zrobienia kariery w branży turystycznej. Dane zostały zebrane za pomocą ankiety, w której udział wzięli studenci studiów licencjackich w Synopie – mieście cieszącym się w Turcji najwyższym wskaźnikiem szczęścia oraz zadowolenia z życia. W celu opisu zebranych informacji wykorzystano test średniej częstotliwości oraz test średniej arytmetycznej; test T oraz analizę wariancji przeprowadzono, by określić różnice pomiędzy zmiennymi, z kolei analizę korelacji – by ustalić zależności pomiędzy nimi. W wyniku badania odkryto, że istnieje korelacja negatywna pomiędzy pragnieniem zrobienia kariery w branży turystycznej a odczuwaniem braku nadziei wśród studentów.
Hopelessness against desire to pursue a career in tourism: An empirical analysis of Sinop University, Turkey
Authors: Bayram Ali Turan , Kavlak Hasan Tahsin , Dogra Jeet , Bayram Gül Erkol
Published: December 2020

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the relationship between the level of hopelessness of students in tourism education and their desire to make a career in tourism. The data was collected from bachelor-level students in Sinop, a city at the top of Turkey’s life satisfaction and happiness index, by using a survey technique. In order to describe the data collected, frequency and arithmetic mean tests were used, whereas t-tests and variance analysis were used to determine differences between variables, and correlation was used to determine the relationship. As a result of the research, it was found that there is a negative relationship between the desire to make a career in tourism and level of hopelessness amongst the students.
Amplifying the Religious Moderation from Pesantren: A Sketch of Pesantren’s Experience in Kediri, East Java
Authors: Thoriquttyas Titis , Hanun Farida
Published: December 2020

One of the issues which has been attracted by Muslim scholars is the religious moderation mainstreaming. Pesantren, as the oldest and indigenous educational institution in Indonesia, is inseparable from such issue. This study examines the development of moderation a basic idea of pesantren. This paper is divided into three parts. First is introducing the articulation of moderation in pesantren from various perspectives. Second is discussing the idea of Arkoun and al Jabiri’s ideas and its relation on moderation and pesantren. Third is elaborating the moderation of pesantren from its curriculum’s and extracurricular activities. This paper concerned on how Islamic moderation has shaped and disseminated through the learning process in pesantren?. Furthermore, this research was conducted at ﬁve pesantren in Kediri, East Java by considering their typologies and management. By using the interview method, literature study and in-depth observation, this research has produced data related to the research theme. Then, the results of research are to explore the complexity and continuity of Islamic moderation in pesantren and to prove that moderation mainstreaming in the grassroot is not static but ﬂexible and dynamic as well as being ﬂuid and multi-dimensional through the learning process and the extracurricular activities.
Pilgrimage, Tradition, and Social Status: The Ritual of Hajj as an Identity for Moslems Community in Gresik
Authors: Muawanah Siti , Mustolehudin Mustolehudin
Published: December 2020

Hajj is a hard worship for the Moslems because it requires three abilities at the same time: physical ability, mental ability, and ﬁnancial ability. Consequently, not all people are able to perform the hajj. Furthermore, hajj is a very long process of worship and, therefore, has given birth to numerous traditions from the departure until the arrival from the holy land. In line with the phenomena of hajj, especially in the context of Gresik East Java Indonesia, this study strives to explore how the tradition of hajj is performed. By using qualitative method, this research found some important ﬁndings. First, there are various traditions conducted by people of Gresik in terms of performing hajj: pamitan haji, sejarah haji, walimatussafar, dulkadiran, nuzulan, khatmil Qur’an, and tasyakuran. These traditions are performed because they are considered important especially for those who will embark on their hajj journey. Second, from the socio-economic perspective, the performance of hajj traditions can result in social discrepancy for the lower middle-class people. The implication is that for the people of Gresik who have only been able to aﬀ ord the cost of the hajj journey, then the cost of the hajj traditions can be a peculiar morale burden because the cost of the hajj traditions is equal to the personal cost of the hajj journey.
The role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Shcherbakova E. S. , Sall T. S. , Sitkin S. I. , Vakhitov T. Ya. , Demyanova E. V.
Published: December 2020

The review deals with the role of aromatic amino acids and their microbial metabolites in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Pathological changes typical for NAFLD, as well as abnormal composition and/or functional activity of gut microbiota, results in abnormal aromatic amino acid metabolism. The authors discuss the potential of these amino acids and their bacterial metabolites to produce both negative and positive impact on the main steps of NAFLD pathophysiology, such as lipogenesis and inflammation, as well as on the liver functions through regulation of the intestinal barrier and microbiota-gut-liver axis signaling. The review gives detailed description of the mechanism of biological activity of tryptophan and its derivatives (indole, tryptamine, indole-lactic, indole-propyonic, indole-acetic acids, and indole-3-aldehyde) through the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), preventing the development of liver steatosis. Bacteria-produced phenyl-alanine metabolites could promote liver steatosis (phenyl acetic and phenyl lactic acids) or, on the contrary, could reduce liver inflammation and increase insulin sensitivity (phenyl propionic acid). Tyramine, para-cumarate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acids, being by-products of bacterial catabolism of tyrosine, can prevent NAFLD, whereas para-cresol and phenol accelerate the progression of NAFLD by damaging the barrier properties of intestinal epithelium. Abnormalities in bacterial catabolism of tyrosine, leading to its excess, stimulate fatty acid synthesis and promote lipid infiltration of the liver. The authors emphasize a close interplay between bacterial metabolism of aromatic amino acids by gut microbiota and the functioning of the human body. They hypothesize that microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids may represent not only therapeutic targets or non-invasive biomarkers, but also serve as bioactive agents for NAFLD treatment and prevention.
A RATING SCALE IN DETERMINING INDICATIONS FOR SYSTEMIC MEDICAMENTOUS TREATMENT OF INFANTILE HEMANGIOMAS WITH BETA-BLOCKERS
Authors: Romanov D. V. , Safin D. A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign vascular tumor of childhood. Currently, the first line of IH therapy are beta-blockers (Propranolol, Atenolol). However, their application may cause some complications, like cardiac, pulmonary and others. Practitioners who are engaged in HI therapy should be well aware of criteria for prescribing such treatment. Up to now, there are no uniform criteria anywhere in the world when to start and to finish the systemic therapy with beta-blockers. Material and methods. We have developed a rating scale for determining indications for IH systemic treatment with beta-blockers which includes the following parameters: IH volumetric component (thickness), child’s age, IH location, IH dimensions, number of IH on the skin and complications. A physician examines a patient, analyzes the abovementioned criteria and summarizes scores. During the period from October 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019, the Center for Vascular Pathology conducted 923 initial consultations for children using an assessment scale (main group). During an 8-month period from February 1, 2018 to September 30, 2018, 879 children consulted without using an assessment scale were included in the comparison group. Results. After analyzing results in two compared groups , one can see a clear decrease in prescription of the medicamentous therapy by 1.5 times: from 43.3% to 27.3%. Conclusions. The discussed rating scale, developed for determining indications of IH systemic treatment with beta-blockers, objectively and reliably evaluates prescription of medicamentous therapy not only due to physician’s experience but also due to summarized indicators. Such an approach can produce a positive effect at the disease course. However, it is worth reminding that the proposed scale is more a proposed direction in choosing a technique for IH treatment.
A SURGICAL CORRECTION OF THE TENDON - MUSCULAR APPARATUS IN EQUINO-FLAT-VALGUS FEET IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: Zubkov P. A. , Zherdev K. V. , Chelpachenko O. B. , Jacyk S. P. , D’Yakonova E. Yu. , Petel’Guzov A. A.
Published: December 2020

Purpose. to analyze the effectiveness of soft tissue surgical correction of equine-flat-valgus-feet deformity in children with cerebral palsy. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of clinical and X-ray findings of 47 patients (86 feet) with equino-flat-valgus deformity was performed. All patients were treated surgically. They were divided into two groups by age: Group I - 23 children (4-7 y.o.); Group II - 24 children (8-11 y.o.). The neurological status was examined in patients with the motor development of level I - III (by GMFCS classification) who had hemiparesis, diplegia and tetroparesis. A comparative analysis was made with a reference group which consisted of 30 children (56 feet), aged 4-11, who had exostotic chondrodysplasia or trauma of the ligamentous apparatus in one foot without neurological pathology and feet deformities. Results. One year after surgery, a significant improvement in clinical and radiological parameters comparing to preoperative findings was registered in patients of both studied groups. Most parameters were close to the established reference intervals. In Group I, three years later at the follow-up examination no significant difference was revealed in similar parameters obtained three years later and one year later after the surgery. However, in Group II three years later a negative dynamics was seen in most of studied parameters when compared with reference values and with results of the first postoperative year. Such outcomes demonstrate high efficiency of soft foot tissue surgery in children under 8. A significant decrease in clinical and radiological parameters after similar amount of surgical correction in children of primary school age (8-11 y.o.), which were under the long-term observation, may indicate the ineffectiveness of such techniques at this age. Evaluation of the functional status by the Gillette functional assessment scale three years after the surgery revealed the increased functional status in 78.26% of patients from Group I and in 41.66% from Group II. In some children from Group II (primary school age), there was a negative dynamics in their functional status. Conclusion. In generally, the obtained data indicate good prospects for improving the functional status in the postoperative period in children of both groups. However, the existing negative dynamics in children from Group II (8-11 y.o.) indicates a weak prospective for a long-term surgical deformity correction of the foot ligamentous apparatus because the coming period is a period of rapid growth and increased loading on the musculoskeletal system of a child with cerebral palsy.
COMBINED MULTIMODAL ANESTHESIA FOR ABDOMINAL SURGERIES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Agzamxodjaev T. S. , Fayziev O. Ya. , Yusupov A. S. , Turaevna N. N.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The article presents findings which may be useful for solving an urgent medical problem on the adequacy of anesthetic management during planned surgical interventions in children with abdominal pathology. Purpose. To compare the effectiveness of combined multimodal anesthesia and multicomponent neuroleptanalgesia in abdominal interventions in children by evaluating central and peripheral hemodynamics. Material and methods. 96 children, aged 1-17, who had various surgical pathologies and were operated on, were examined. In 52% of patients (n = 50), a combined multimodal anesthesia with Propofol, Fentanyl, epidural anesthesia and Sevoflurane was used (main group 1); and in 48% of patients (n = 46), a multicomponent neuroleptanalgesia with Droperidol and Fentanyl combined with epidural anesthesia was used (control group 2) . Results. Trial findings showed that hemodynamics stability is determined by a differential blockade of sympathetic fibers and by a gradual development of epidural block at the level of segmental innervation of surgical intervention zone, thus preventing disorders in parameters of central hemodynamics. Conclusion. The combined multimodal anesthesia as a part of epidural block and inhalation anesthesia with Sevoflurane contributes to a high controllability of anesthesia, to the smooth course of the most traumatic stage, early enteral nutrition, early activation and rehabilitation of patients, starting from the first hours in the intensive care unit, which is an important factor in the prevention of postoperative complications.
Comparing Differences and Similarities Between Chinese and American Women's Experiences of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Health-Seeking Behaviors During Pregnancy
Authors: Zhai Jinguo , Jefford Elaine , Tyer-Viola Lynda , Joseph Hagan , Ebert Lyn
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a globally pervasive health condition that is often first experienced during pregnancy and may well continue beyond pregnancy. Yet, definitive numbers of prevalence are uncertain due to multiple factors including embarrassment. This study compares differences and similarities between Chinese and American women's experiences of SUI and health-seeking behaviors during pregnancy.

METHODOLOGY

This study used a cross-sectional design to explore health-seeking behaviors of primigravida women within the first 5 days following birth in China (n = 178) and the United States of America (n = 178) who experienced SUI using the Impact of Incontinence Questionnaire short form (IIQ-SF).

RESULTS

While more Chinese women experienced SUI (p =.049), American women who experienced SUI experienced it earlier in their pregnancy (p = .003) and more frequently (p < .0001) than the Chinese women. Therefore, it can be assumed that although less American women experienced SUI, the impact was greater on their daily living activities. Irrespective of ethnicity, only 14% (n = 18) of women who described having SUI sought medical aid.

CONCLUSION

The disconnect between high incidence and low rates of seeking treatment needs future exploration to develop interventions tailored to educate women about SUI and its role during pregnancy.