bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Transformation on Food Retail Industries-A Review
Authors: Manjula S. , Balaji P. , Deepa N. , Vidhyavathi A.
Published: October 2021

Digital Transformation is defined as the use of technology to radically improve performance or reach of enterprises (Westerman et al., 2018) The existing literature on digitalization in the food industry is limited. Meanwhile, the literature suggests that digitalization is an issue that is unavoidable at some point in all industries and that companies must adapt in order to maintain their competitive position. The purpose of this research is to look into the digital technologies that are commonly used in the food industry in order to identify the challenges and opportunities that exist in digital transformation. In this study more than twenty five articles collected and reviewed. Recent published articles were collected from high impact journals which consist of the review related to digital transformation in food industry. When this study was completed, it was discovered that the food industry is lagging behind other sectors in terms of digitalization. The industry is confronted with enormous challenges and one of the most important challenges, as well as resistance to digitalization in the food industry, is its profitability. Digital transformation has increased traceability throughout the food industry and has also reduced labour costs and production time.
How Can Charged Knowledge Platform Marketing Run?
Authors: Xiong Jian-Lin , Yen Tsai-Fa(TF)
Published: October 2021

With the advance of digital technology and Internet technology, the popularity of mobile phones and computers and other terminal equipment, more and more people use the Internet to send and receive information on social media. They’ve engaged in marketing activities and made new media marketing to be the public focus. Among them, a charged knowledge platform (CKP) was introduced as the payment mechanism and got some feedback in the revenue channel through the sharing and knowledge transferred on the internet. However, what is the nature of charged knowledge platform marketing? What do we need to be aware of when engaging in marketing activities through a charged knowledge platform? Related research is lacking, and both new media marketing theory and practice are needed to clarify within these issues. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to verify the nature and related issues of charged knowledge platform marketing, and to provide relevant suggestions. This study searches for relevant information and data through literature retrieval and uses inductive methods to organize and interpret it. From the aspect of encyclopedic platform, the results show that the main problems of charged knowledge platform marketing are distributed in the three main orientations of platform operation technology, term content and user management and interaction. If enterprises can adopt internal training, external employment and outsourcing methods, reasonable and orderly and efficient solution to professional manpower problems, charged knowledge platform is worthy of enterprises to enhance visibility and image, precision marketing and towards sustainable development of a good helper. According to this, it is suggested that future research should gradually explore the measures and willingness of charged knowledge platform to solve the problems of manpower.
Calibration Approach Product Type Estimators of Population Mean in Stratified Sampling with Single Constraint: A Comparison of Three Distance Measures
Authors: Inyang Enang, Ekaette , Nkan Ojua, Doris , Ojewale T. T.
Published: October 2021

This study employed the method of calibration on product type estimator to propose calibration product type estimators using three distance measures namely; chi-square distance measure, the minimum entropy distance measure and the modified chi-square distance measure for single constraint. The estimators of variances of the proposed estimators were also obtained. An empirical study to ascertain the performance of these estimators was carried out using real life and stimulated data set. The result with the real life data showed that the proposed calibration product type estimator  produced better estimates of the population mean  compared to   and . Results from the simulation study showed that the proposed calibration product type estimators had a high gain in efficiency as compared to the product type estimator. The simulation result also showed that the proposed estimators were more consistent and reliable under the Gamma and Exponential distributions with the exponential distribution taking the lead. The conventional product type estimator however was found to be better if the underlying distributional assumption is normal in nature.
Landless Urban Rooftop Farming Context of Soilless Culture for Microbe Frees Cultivation, Roof Security and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Chandra Sahu Kartik , Satapathy Mahendra Kumar
Published: October 2021

Landless rooftop farming is an artificial cultivation on the roof which uses organic solid or liquid media called solution culture “media culture” or water culture “hydroponics”. Media culture and hydroponics has been used sporadically throughout the world in rooftop and tissue culture also has been used  the world as commercial means of growing both food and ornamental plants. It supplies fresh vegetables in countries with limited arable land as well as in small countries with large populations. Plants grown by hydroponics have concisely superior quality, high yield, rapid harvest, and high content, at present it is used widely in research facilities as a technique for studying plant nutrition. Gravel or sand is sometimes used in soilless systems to provide plant support, and retain some nutrients and water. The retention and water can be for their improvement through the used materials, but others  such as rice hulls, bagasse, sedge peat, and sawdust are used sometime as constituents in soilless mixture straw bales have been used as the growing medium in England and Canada. Rockwool (porous stone fiber) is used in Europe. Since the major constituent of the media in artificial growing systems may be solid or liquid, it is appropriate to use the term soil culture in reference to this general type of growing system and reserve the term hydroponics for those in which water is the principal constituent. Soilless organic media preparation and use has a tremendous effect in land less culture. It is basically used in Rooftop vegetable cultivation.
Anatomical Evaluation of Mandibular Bone Cortex in Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Lira Junior Cledinaldo , Pires Gonçalves Diego Henrique , Ramalho Frazão Kamilly de Lourdes , Marinho Sandra Aparecida , De Carvalho Sérgio Henrique Gonçalves , Pina Godoy Gustavo , Alves Fonseca Fátima Roneiva , Santana Sarmento Dmitry José de
Published: October 2021

Aims: To evaluate the mandibular bone cortical of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis on panoramic radiograph, through radiomorfometric indices.

Study Design: Case-control study.

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Diagnostic Imaging of the Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campus VIII, in the city of Araruna, PB, between January and December of 2015.

Methodology: Panoramic radiographs of sixteen patients with mucopolysaccharidosis and 32 controls, organized by gender and age, composed the sample. The mandibular panoramic index, gonial index, antegonial index and mental index were evaluated. Pearson's Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney test were used to statistical analysis with a level of significance of 5.0%.

Results: Mucopolysaccharidosis patients were mostly female (62.5%), with a mean age of 12.31 + 7.16 years, MPS VI (50.0%) being the most prevalent. Patients with mucopolysaccharidosis had higher values in the gonial (1.86+0.48), the antegonical (4.36+1.24) and the mental (5.24+1.21). However, only the antegoniac index presented a significant difference (P=0.047).

Conclusion: The antegoniac index was higher in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis and the other radiomorphometric measures were similar to those observed in the control group. Apparently, mucopolysaccharidosis is not related to decreased bone to mandibular quality.
Antioxidant Activity of Red and Purple Rosella Flower Petals Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)
Authors: Shafirany Mareetha Zahra , Indawati Iin , Sulastri Lela , Sadino Asman , Kusumawati Anggun Hari , Alkandahri Maulana Yusuf
Published: October 2021

Aims: This study aims to test the antioxidant activity of red and purple H. sabdariffa flower petals extract and conduct qualitative phytochemical screening.

Study Design: Antioxidant potential of red and purple H. sabdariffa flower petal extract analyzed by spectrometric assays.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at School of Pharmacy Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia from the year of 2020 to 2021.

Methodology: Red and purple H. sabdariffa petals extracted with 70% ethanol. The extract was then examined for its antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method, after the qualitative phytochemical screening.

Results: In this study, the concentration of red and purple H. sabdariffa petals extract dependently demonstrated the ability to scavenge DPPH. In the DPPH radical scavenging activity test, the red and purple H. sabdariffa petasl extracts designating IC50 values of 63.77 and 37.19 µg/ml and fall into the category of strong and very strong antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, phytochemical screening tests showed the existence of flavonoids and polyphenols in the extract of red and purple H. sabdariffa petals.

Conclusion: This study shows that the red and purple H. sabdariffa petals extract has potential as a promising natural antioxidant agent for the treatment of oxidative stress.
Optimization of Site-Specific Drug Delivery System of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Krishnan S. Parimala , Reddy Cinnayyagari Mahesh , Reddy Challa Balashekar
Published: October 2021

Aims: The aim of present study was to develop a stomach specific formulation of Imatinibmesylate to increase the fraction of drug absorbed in stomach.

Study Design: Development and Optimization of Microspheres for site specific delivery..

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, between October 2020 and July 2021.

Methodology: Ionotropic gelation method with Sodium alginate and Chitosan were used to formulate the mucoadhesive microspheres with calcium chloride. The formulation was optimized using Box – Behnken design to study the effect of independent variables, Amount of Sodium Alginate (X1), Amount of Chitosan (X2) and concentration of Calcium Chloride (X3) on dependent variables Particle Size (Y1), Entrapment Efficiency (Y2) and In-vitro drug release (Y3).

Results: Particle size of prepared microspheres varied from 458.25 to 810.75 μm, entrapment efficiency from 64.87 to 82.63% and in-vitro release from 69.22 to 83.50%. The optimized formulation was found using point prediction, and formulation showed optimum results. The drug release was controlled for more than 12 h.

Conclusion: Stomach specific formulation of Imatinibmesylate was successfully optimized by a three-factor, three level Box – Behnken design.
Interfacial Electrostatic‐Interaction‐Enhanced Photomultiplication for Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency of Organic Photodiodes
Authors: Kim Juhee , Kang Mingyun , Lee Sangjun , So Chan , Chung Dae Sung
Published: October 2021

A photomultiplication‐type organic photodiode (PM‐OPD), where an electric double layer (EDL) is strategically embedded, is demonstrated, with an exceptionally high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2 210 000%, responsivity of 11 200 A W−1, specific detectivity of 2.11 × 1014 Jones, and gain–bandwidth product of 1.92 × 107 Hz, as well as high reproducibility. A polymer electrolyte, poly(9,9‐bis(3′‐(N,N‐dimethyl)‐N‐ethylammoinium‐propyl‐2,7‐fluorene)‐alt‐2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene))dibromide is employed as a work‐function‐modifying layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) to construct an EDL‐embedded Schottky junction with p‐type polymer semiconductor, poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐diyl), resulting in not only advantageous tuning of the work function of ITO but also an enhancement of the electron‐trapping efficiency due to electrostatic interaction between exposed cations and trapped electrons within isolated acceptor domains. The effects of the EDL on the energetics of the trapped electron states and thus on the gain generation mechanism are confirmed by numerical simulations based on the drift–diffusion approximation of charge carriers. The feasibility of the fabricated high‐EQE PM‐OPD especially for weak light detection is demonstrated via a pixelated prototype image sensor. It is believed that this new OPD platform opens up the possibility for the ultrahigh‐sensitivity organic image sensors, while maintaining the advantageous properties of organics.
Wafer‐Scale Electroactive Nanoporous Silicon: Large and Fully Reversible Electrochemo‐Mechanical Actuation in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Brinker Manuel , Huber Patrick
Published: October 2021

Nanoporosity in silicon results in interface‐dominated mechanics, fluidics, and photonics that are often superior to the ones of the bulk material. However, their active control, for example, by electronic stimuli, is challenging due to the absence of intrinsic piezoelectricity in the base material. Here, for large‐scale nanoporous silicon cantilevers wetted by aqueous electrolytes, electrosorption‐induced mechanical stress generation of up to 600 kPa that is reversible and adjustable at will by potential variations of ≈1 V is shown. Laser cantilever bending experiments in combination with in operando voltammetry and step coulombmetry allow this large electro‐actuation to be traced to the concerted action of 100 billions of parallel nanopores per square centimeter cross‐section and determination of the capacitive charge–stress coupling parameter upon ion adsorption and desorption as well as the intimately related stress actuation dynamics for perchloric and isotonic saline solutions. A comparison with planar silicon surfaces reveals mechanistic insights on the observed electrocapillarity (Hellmann–Feynman interactions) with respect to the importance of oxide formation and wall roughness on the single‐nanopore scale. The observation of robust electrochemo‐mechanical actuation in a mainstream semiconductor with wafer‐scale, self‐organized nanoporosity opens up novel opportunities for on‐chip integrated stress generation and actuorics at exceptionally low operation voltages.
Perovskite‐Type SrVO3 as High‐Performance Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Lin Zifeng , Jin Na , Yang Xiaojiao , Du Yibo , Lei Li , Rozier Patrick , Simon Patrice , Liu Ying
Published: October 2021

Perovskite‐type oxides, characterized by excellent multifunctional physical and chemical properties, are widely used in ferroelectric, piezoelectric, energy conversion, and storage applications. It is shown here that the perovskite‐type SrVO3 can achieve excellent electrochemical performance as lithium‐ion battery anodes thanks to its high electrically and ionically conductivity. Conducting additive‐free SrVO3 electrodes can deliver a high specific capacity of 324 mAh g−1 at a safe and low average working potential of ≈0.9 V vs Li/Li+ together with excellent high‐rate performance. A high areal capacity of ≈5.4 mAh cm−2 is obtained using an ultrathick (≈120 μm) electrode. Moreover, the fully lithiated SrVO3 electrode exhibits only 2.3% volume expansion that is explained by a simple solid‐solution Li+‐storage mechanism, resulting in good cycling stability of the electrode. This study highlights the perovskite‐type SrVO3 as a promising Li+‐storage anode and provides opportunities for exploring a variety of perovskite oxides as next‐generation metal‐ion battery anodes.
A Halogen‐Free and Flame‐Retardant Sodium Electrolyte Compatible with Hard Carbon Anodes
Authors: Colbin Lars Olow Simon , Mogensen Ronnie , Buckel Alexander , Wang Yong‐Lei , Naylor Andrew J. , Kullgren Jolla , Younesi Reza
Published: October 2021

For sodium‐ion batteries, two pressing issues concerning electrolytes are flammability and compatibility with hard carbon anode materials. Non‐flammable electrolytes that are sufficiently stable against hard carbon have—to the authors’ knowledge—previously only been obtained by either the use of high salt concentrations or additives. Herein, the authors present a simple, fluorine‐free, and flame‐retardant electrolyte which is compatible with hard carbon: 0.38 m sodium bis(oxalato)borate (NaBOB) in triethyl phosphate (TEP). A variety of techniques are employed to characterize the physical properties of the electrolyte, and to evaluate the electrochemical performance in full‐cell sodium‐ion batteries. The results reveal that the conductivity is sufficient for battery operation, no significant self‐discharge occurs, and a satisfactory passivation is enabled by the electrolyte. In fact, a mean discharge capacity of 107 ± 4 mAh g−1 is achieved at the 1005th cycle, using Prussian white cathodes and hard carbon anodes. Hence, the studied electrolyte is a promising candidate for use in sodium‐ion batteries.
Model‐Based Investigation of Trap‐Assisted Recombination in Photoelectrodes for Water Splitting
Authors: Cendula Peter , Sancheti Anmol , Simon Pavel
Published: October 2021

The efficiency of most semiconductor photoelectrodes for water splitting is limited by a slow reaction with electrolyte and a fast recombination. Among the recombination pathways, trap‐mediated recombination due to doping and material processing is often the dominant process. Impedance spectroscopy under illumination is a popular and powerful method to investigate time constants of recombination and reaction. Traditionally, an equivalent circuit is involved in the analysis of impedance spectroscopy, nevertheless, it provides limited direct information about the microscopic quantities related to diffusion, reaction, and recombination. In the present study, a theoretical model for diffusion‐limited photocurrent under small voltage bias and its application for the simplified evaluation of equivalent circuits for impedance analysis are presented. Full numerical simulations of the semiconductor transport equations are used to validate the theoretical model for typical values of carrier lifetime. This combination of theoretical approximations, equivalent circuit models, and full simulations provides an important background for the analysis of recombination and transport properties of photoelectrode materials.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Carboxylic Acids from Alkynes and Formic Acid by Nickel‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions: Facile Synthesis of Profens
Authors: Yang Peng , Sun Yaxin , Fu Kaiyue , Zhang Li , Yang Guang , Yue Jieyu , Ma Yu , Zhou Jianrong Steve , Tang Bo
Published: October 2021

We report a stereoselective conversion of terminal alkynes to α‐chiral carboxylic acids using a nickel‐catalyzed domino hydrocarboxylation‐transfer hydrogenation reaction. A simple nickel/BenzP* catalyst displayed high activity in both steps of regioselective hydrocarboxylation of alkynes and subsequent asymmetric transfer hydrogenation. The reaction was successfully applied in enantioselective preparation of three nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory profens (>90 % ees) and the chiral fragment of AZD2716.
Guest‐Driven Light‐Induced Spin Change in an Azobenzene Loaded Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Xie Kai‐Ping , Ruan Ze‐Yu , Lyu Bang‐Heng , Chen Xiao‐Xian , Zhang Xue‐Wen , Huang Guo‐Zhang , Chen Yan‐Cong , Ni Zhao‐Ping , Tong Ming‐Liang
Published: October 2021

Stimuli‐responsive materials that can be reversibly switched by light are of immense interest. Among them, photo‐responsive spin crossover (SCO) complexes have great promises to combine the photoactive inputs with multifaceted outputs into switchable materials and devices. However, the reversible control the spin‐state change by photochromic guests is still challenging. Herein, we report an unprecedented guest‐driven light‐induced spin change (GD‐LISC) in a Hofmann‐type metal–organic framework (MOF), [Fe(bpn){Ag(CN)2}2]⋅azobenzene. (1, bpn=1,4‐bis(4‐pyridyl)naphthalene). The reversible trans–cis photoisomerization of azobenzene guest upon UV/Vis irradiation in the solid‐state results in the remarkable magnetic changes in a wide temperature range of 10–180 K. This finding not only establishes a new switching mechanism for SCO complexes, but also paves the way toward the development of new generation of photo‐responsive magnetic materials.
Generation of a π‐Bonded Isomer of [P4]4−by Aluminyl Reduction of White Phosphorus and its Ammonolysis to PH3
Authors: Roy Matthew M. D. , Heilmann Andreas , Ellwanger Mathias A. , Aldridge Simon
Published: October 2021

By employing the highly reducing aluminyl complex [K{(NON)Al}]2(NON=4,5‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylanilido)‐2,7‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene), we demonstrate the controlled formation of P42−and P44−complexes from white phosphorus, and chemically reversible inter‐conversion between them. The tetra‐anion features a unique planar π‐bonded structure, with the incorporation of the K+cations implicit in the use of the anionic nucleophile offering additional stabilization of the unsaturated isomer of the P44−fragment. This complex is extremely reactive, acting as a source of P3−: exposure to ammonia leads to the release of phosphine (PH3) under mild conditions (room temperature and pressure), which contrast with those necessitated for the direct combination of P4and NH3(>5 kbar and >250 °C).
Compensators design for bumpless switching in aero‐engine multi‐loop control system
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Luo Chenshuang , Xiong Liuqi
Published: October 2021

The functional requirements of the control system in aero‐engine are increasing due to the multiple objectives. The typical aero‐engine control system is equipped with a multi‐loop control system and switches the controllers to achieve the different performance requirements. However, the aero‐engine fuel flow may be oscillated due to the controllers switch; this phenomenon can seriously damage the performance of the aero‐engine, even its stability. Therefore, the transient switching stability and performance should be concerned. This paper investigates a bumpless compensator design problem for aero‐engine multi‐loop control system. First, a description of the aero‐engine transient bump phenomenon is given, and the design problem is also formulated. Then, we propose a controller compensator method that can smooth the control signal for eliminating the control error. Furthermore, we give the sufficient conditions to guarantee the stability and L1 control problem by using the LMI configuration technique. Moreover, the structure of closed‐loop system with compensators is provided. Finally, a semi‐physical simulation has shown the feasibility of the proposed method.
Metabolic trends of Chinese hamster ovary cells in biopharmaceutical production under batch and fed‐batch conditions
Authors: Rish Adam J. , Drennen James K. , Anderson Carl A.
Published: October 2021

Extensive knowledge of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell metabolism is required to improve process productivity and culture performance in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. However, CHO cells show a dynamic metabolism during culturing in batch and fed‐batch bioreactors. CHO cell metabolism is generally described as taking place in three stages: exponential growth phase, stationary phase, and death phase. This review aims to summarize the trends of central metabolism for CHO cells during each stage. Additional insights into how culture conditions are related to phase transitions and force metabolic rewiring are provided. Understanding of CHO cell metabolism lends itself to improving culture qualities by, for example, identifying sources of toxic byproducts and pathways for cellular engineering. In summary, this review describes the changes in CHO cell central metabolism over the course of the culture.
Catalytic Atroposelective C7 Functionalisation of Indolines and Indoles
Authors: Shaaban Saad , Merten Christian , Waldmann Herbert
Published: October 2021

Axially chiral atropisomeric compounds are widely applied in asymmetric catalysis and medicinal chemistry. In particular, axially chiral indole‐ and indoline‐based frameworks have been recognised as important heterobiaryl classes because they are the core units of bioactive natural alkaloids, chiral ligands and bioactive compounds. Among them, the synthesis of C7‐substituted indole biaryls and the analogous indoline derivatives is particularly challenging, and methods for their efficient synthesis are in high demand. Transition‐metal catalysis is considered one of the most efficient methods to construct atropisomers. Here, we report the enantioselective synthesis of C7‐indolino‐ and C7‐indolo biaryl atropisomers by means of C−H functionalisation catalysed by chiral RhJasCp complexes.
Impact of mobile devices on cancer diagnosis in cytology
Authors: Santonicco Nicola , Marletta Stefano , Pantanowitz Liron , Fadda Guido , Troncone Giancarlo , Brunelli Matteo , Ghimenton Claudio , Antonini Pietro , Paolino Gaetano , Girolami Ilaria , Eccher Albino
Published: October 2021

Background

Digital pathology has widened pathologists' opportunities to examine both surgical and cytological samples. Recently, portable mobile devices like tablets and smartphones have been tested for application with digital technologies including static, dynamic, and more recently whole slide imaging. This study aimed to review the published literature on the impact of mobile devices on cancer diagnoses in cytology. This analysis focused on their diagnostic potential, technical details, critical issues and pitfalls, and economical aspects.

Methods

A systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases Embase and PubMed. Studies dealing with the application of mobile devices for diagnosing cancer on cytological specimens were included. The quality of studies was assessed with the QUADAS‐2 tool. The main themes addressed were the comparison of manual examination with light microscopy and the use of mobile tools for primary diagnosis. The technical features of different models of smartphones and tablets, software, and adapters were also studied in terms of feasibility and costs‐analysis.

Results

Of 2458 retrieved articles, 18 were included. Concordance with light microscopy was good and diagnostic performance comparable with an expert pathologist's diagnosis. The mobile devices studied differed, sometimes significantly, in terms of speed and cost. The utility was improved by employing specifically designed adapters. Image acquisition and transmission represent the main critical points in almost all studies.

Conclusion

The use of mobile devices demonstrated promising results regarding the digital evaluation of cytological samples. Widespread adoption even in underserved areas is anticipated following validation studies, technology improvements, and reduction in the costs.
Electrochemical‐Induced C(sp3)−H Dehydrogenative Trimerization of Pyrazolones to Tripyrazolones
Authors: Ma Jing , Yang Jianjing , Yan Kelu , Sun Xue , Wei Wei , Tian Laijin , Wen Jiangwei
Published: October 2021

The electrochemical‐induced three‐component C(sp3)−H dehydrogenative trimerization of pyrazolones to tripyrazolones with hydrogen evolution has been accomplished under the metal‐ and external‐oxidant‐free conditions. This protocol provides an efficient and eco‐friendly method for the synthesis of tripyrazolones, which avoids the use of metals and stoichiometric chemical oxidants. A wide range of functional groups was tolerated to give selectively the desired products in high yields. Importantly, such an electrochemical‐oxidation‐induced dehydrogenative trimerization reaction could be easily scaled up with excellent efficiency.
Purification and characterization of a novel bacteriocin produced by Acinetobacter movanagherensis AS isolated from goat rectum
Authors: Sharma Vishakha , Aseri Gajender Kumar , Bhagwat Prashant K. , Jain Neelam , Ranveer Rahul C.
Published: October 2021

The present investigation focuses on the purification and characterization of a novel bacteriocin produced by Acinetobacter movanagherensis AS isolated from goat rectum, which demonstrated high antimicrobial activity against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. It was identified as A. movanagherensis AS using biochemical and 16S rDNA sequencing. Tryptic soy broth supplemented with 1% yeast extract with pH 6.5 and incubation temperature of 37°C for 32 h were the optimal conditions for bacteriocin production. Bacteriocin was purified in three steps: 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion‐exchange chromatography with diethylaminoethyl‐cellulose resin, and size exclusion chromatography with a Sephadex G75 column. Purified bacteriocin had a recovery of 7.93% with 23.43 purification fold, and a molecular weight of 12.11 kDa was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. Its biochemical characterization showed good stability at a broad range of temperature (40–80°C) as well as pH (3–9). Inhibition of antimicrobial activity was observed after treatment with trypsin, pepsin, and protease, which confirmed the proteinaceous nature of the purified bacteriocin. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that the purified novel bacteriocin from A. movanagherensis AS may belong to the colicin family. Considering the antimicrobial potential of purified bacteriocin coated on low‐density polyethylene film, we assume that it could be potentially exploited for food preservation in food processing industries.
A parallel attention‐augmented bilinear network for early magnetic resonance imaging‐based diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Guan Hao , Wang Chaoyue , Cheng Jian , Jing Jing , Liu Tao
Published: October 2021

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) can capture the spatial patterns of brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and incipient dementia. Recently, many sMRI‐based deep learning methods have been developed for AD diagnosis. Some of these methods utilize neural networks to extract high‐level representations on the basis of handcrafted features, while others attempt to learn useful features from brain regions proposed by a separate module. However, these methods require considerable manual engineering. Their stepwise training procedures would introduce cascading errors. Here, we propose the parallel attention‐augmented bilinear network, a novel deep learning framework for AD diagnosis. Based on a 3D convolutional neural network, the framework directly learns both global and local features from sMRI scans without any prior knowledge. The framework is lightweight and suitable for end‐to‐end training. We evaluate the framework on two public datasets (ADNI‐1 and ADNI‐2) containing 1,340 subjects. On both the AD classification and mild cognitive impairment conversion prediction tasks, our framework achieves competitive results. Furthermore, we generate heat maps that highlight discriminative areas for visual interpretation. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework when medical priors are unavailable or the computing resources are limited. The proposed framework is general for 3D medical image analysis with both efficiency and interpretability.
Adolescents' satisfaction with care for abortion‐related complications in 11 Sub‐Saharan African countries: A cross‐sectional facility‐based study
Authors: Eboigbe Edua , Gadama Luis , Filippi Veronique , Mehrtash Hedieh , Adu‐Bonsaffoh Kwame , Bello Folasade Adenike , Compaoré Rachidatou , Dossou Jean‐Paul , Idi Nafiou , Kim Caron R. , Msusa Ausbert Thoko , Mugerwa Kidza Yvonne , Wolomby‐Molondo Jean‐José , Tunçalp Ӧzge , Calvert Clara
Published: October 2021

Objective

To assess satisfaction with care for abortion‐related complications experienced among adolescents compared to older women.

Methods

A secondary analysis of the WHO Multi‐Country Survey on Abortion‐related Morbidity and Mortality—a cross‐sectional study conducted in health facilities in 11 Sub‐Saharan African countries. Women with abortion‐related complications who participated in an audio computer‐assisted self‐interview were included. Two composite measures of overall satisfaction were created based on five questions: (1) study participants who were either satisfied or very satisfied across all five questions; and (2) study participants who reported being very satisfied only across all five questions. Multivariable general estimating equation analyses were conducted to assess whether there was any evidence that age (adolescents 12–19 years and older women 20+) was associated with each composite measure of satisfaction, controlling for key confounders.

Results

The study sample consisted of 2817 women (15% adolescents). Over 75% of participants reported being satisfied or very satisfied for four out of five questions. Overall, 52.9% of study participants reported being satisfied/very satisfied across all five questions and 22.4% reported being consistently very satisfied. Multivariable analyses showed no evidence of an association between age group and being either satisfied or very satisfied (OR 1.07; 95% CI, 0.82–1.41, P = 0.60), but showed strong evidence that adolescents were 50% more likely to be consistently very satisfied with their overall care than older women (OR 1.49; 95% CI, 1.13–1.96, P = 0.005).

Conclusion

Both adolescents and older women reported high levels of satisfaction with care when looking at different components of care individually, but the results of the composite measure for satisfaction showed that many study participants reported being less than satisfied with at least one element of their care. Further studies to explore the expectations, needs, and values of women's satisfaction with care for abortion‐related complications are needed.
Α case of seronegative autoimmune encephalitis associated with human herpesvirus‐7 (HHV‐7)
Authors: Christou Evangelos , Mastrogianni Sotiria , Bourousis Evangelos , Bachou Theodora , Tsikrikas Theodoros , Mouskou Stella , Voudris Konstantinos , Delis Dimitrios
Published: October 2021

In the last 10 years, an increased number of patients presenting with acute encephalitis is being observed, a finding that is attributed to autoimmune mechanisms. Despite the fact that autoantibodies usually target the neuronal cell surface or synaptic proteins in the central nervous system (CNS), in many cases these remain undetectable, constituting a future diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Human herpesvirus‐7 (HHV‐7) is proven to be a neurotropic virus, causing various neurological complications mostly in the adult population. We present the case of a 10‐year‐old girl, with confirmed active HHV‐7 infection of the CNS, who developed acute seronegative autoimmune encephalitis. To our best knowledge, there is no literature concerning pediatric cases of autoimmune encephalitis following HHV‐7 infection.
The evaluation of potential global impact of the N501Y mutation in SARS‐COV‐2 positive patients
Authors: Komurcu Selen Zeliha Mart , Artik Yakup , Cesur Nevra Pelin , Tanriverdi Arzu , Erdogan Derya Cakir , Celik Sule , Gulec Elif Yilmaz
Published: October 2021

Rapid and reliable detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 mutations are significant to control the contagion and spread rate of the virus. We aimed to evaluate the N501Y mutation rate in randomly chosen positive patients with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The evaluation and analysis of the data with a retrospective approach in cases with mutations, in terms of public health, will contribute to the literature on the global pandemic that affects our society. Public health authorities will take the necessary precautions and evaluate the current situation. The N501Y mutation was detected in patients with positive Covid‐19 PCR test results. The positive samples were examined based on the 6‐carboxy‐fluorescein (FAM) channel in reverse transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) quantitation cycle (Cq) values as low Cq (<25), medium Cq (25–32), and high Cq (32–38) groups. In the study, 2757 (19.7%) of 13 972 cases were detected as mutation suspects and 159 (5.8%) of them were found to have mutations. The ages of the cases with mutations ranged from 1 to 88 years (mean age of 40.99 ± 17.55). 49.7% (n = 79) of the cases with mutations were male, and 50.3% (n = 80) were female. When the RT‐PCR‐Cq results were examined, it was seen that it varied between 11.3 and 35.03, with an average of 20.75 ± 3.32.
Exploitation of virgin olive oil by‐products (Olea europaeaL.): phenolic and volatile compounds transformations phenomena in fresh two‐phase olive pomace (‘alperujo’) under different storage conditions
Authors: Cecchi Lorenzo , Migliorini Marzia , Giambanelli Elisa , Canuti Valentina , Bellumori Maria , Mulinacci Nadia , Zanoni Bruno
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Much effort has recently been spent for re‐using virgin olive oil by‐products as nutraceutical ingredients for human diet thanks to their richness in bioactive phenols, but their management is not easy for producers. We aimed to provide useful information for a better management of fresh olive pomace before drying, by studying the phenolic and volatile compounds transformations phenomena of fresh olive pomace stored under different conditions planned to simulate controlled and uncontrolled temperature conditions in olive oil mills.

RESULTS

The evolution of the phenolic and volatile compounds was studied by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector mass spectrometry (HPLC‐DAD‐MS) and headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS). The phenolic profile varied rapidly during storage: the verbascoside content decreased about 70% after 17 days even at 4 °C, while the content of simple phenols such as hydroxytyrosol and caffeic acid increased over time. The low temperature was able to slow down these phenomena. A total of 94 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in the fresh olive pomace, with a prevalence of lipoxygenase (LOX) VOCs (78%), mainly aldehydes (19 490.9 μg kg−1) despite the higher number of alcohols. A decrease in LOX volatiles and a quick development of the ones linked to off‐flavors (carboxylic acids, alcohols, acetates) were observed, in particular after 4 days of storage at room temperature. Only storage at 4 °C allowed these phenomena to be slowed down.

CONCLUSION

To preserve the natural phenolic phytocomplex of fresh olive pomace before drying and to avoid off‐flavors development, storage in open containers must be avoided and a short storage in cold rooms (7–10 days) is to be preferred. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Organizational identification and knowledge sharing behavior: Mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior and moderating role of collectivism and leader–member exchange
Authors: Zulfiqar Sehar , Khan Mohammad Saud
Published: October 2021

This study aims at testing an empirical model that investigates the relationship between organizational identification (OI) and knowledge sharing behavior (KSB). Drawing on social identity theory and social exchange theory, this study examines the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the relationship between OI and KSB. We also examined how collectivism and leader–member exchange (LMX) moderated the OI and KSB relationship. Data of the study consisted of self‐reported responses of employees (N = 497) of leading Pakistani banks. The hypothesized model was tested, using PROCESS macros by Hayes. The results indicated OI as a significant predictor of KSB and OCB fully mediated this relationship. Moderating role of collectivism turned out to be insignificant in the relationship between OI and KSB. However, the results confirmed the moderating role of LMX in the OCB and KSB linkage. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study along with limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
Satellite remote sensing analysis to monitor revegetation in the Yangtze River basin, China
Authors: Li Boyan , Wang Yunchen , Wang Wei , Wang Chao , Lin Aiwen
Published: October 2021

Revegetation programmes aim to avoid land degradation, control soil erosion, reduce floods, and improve ecological conditions. China has planted billions of trees over the past 20 years. However, little is known about the effectiveness of this artificial revegetation and its consequences on China's national conservation policies and changes in biophysical factors at the county level. Here we use satellite time series data and develop a new metric, the revegetation index (RVI), that quickly monitors revegetation and its long‐term changes. We found that the number of regions where the Grain to Green Program (GTGP) was successfully implemented was only about 55.8% of the areas of GTGP implementation. Surprisingly, we provide observational evidence that the implementation of the GTGP can decrease soil erosion and drought, and increase water availability, but revegetation in the Yangtze River basin (YRB) in China has a limited impact on soil erosion, water, and drought. In particular, for revegetation between 1999 and 2016, indicating that a previous assessment by the Government revealed as official statistics may have overestimated the effects of the ecological restoration practices.
Effect of regulatory interventions on agomelatine use in Spain: A multiple intervention time‐series analysis in a nationwide electronic healthcare record database
Authors: González‐Bermejo Diana , Castillo‐Cano Belén , Rodríguez‐Pascual Alfonso , García‐Martín Mª. Félix , Álvarez‐Gutiérrez Arturo , Montero‐Corominas Dolores , Huerta‐Álvarez Consuelo
Published: October 2021

Background

Liver injury is an important identified risk for agomelatine and several measures were put in place to prevent and minimize such risk. The study aims to assess the impact of four interventions on the incidence of agomelatine use, particularly among patients aged ≥75 in Spain between 2011 and 2018.

Methods

Quasi‐experimental interrupted time‐series analysis to examine data from a nationwide electronic healthcare record database (BIFAP). Quarterly cumulative incidence of agomelatine use per 100 000 patients was calculated and the impact of four regulatory interventions was quantified.

Results

The incidence of agomelatine use decreased by 85% and 87% from first quarter 2011 to last quarter 2018 in patients below and above 75 years old, respectively. Regulatory actions taken were not associated with an immediate and significant falling level of use or slope. The incidence was less than expected 6 months after the first and third intervention for patients below and above 75 years old, and more than expected after the second and fourth intervention for both populations, though these analyses were underpowered to observe significant results. The downward trend became less pronounced, reaching a residual level of use, which remained stable in the last segment of the study period.

Conclusion

New users of agomelatine decreased throughout the study period, starting before interventions took place. The effect of specific interventions might be masked by the progressive decrease tendency, constant over the study period. The effects of external factors that might overlap, unintended consequences, and issues concerning statistical modeling in situations where rates are already falling, should be considered when interpreting the results.
Role of lysine amino acid in zinc‐based ionic thermoplastic elastomer: Dosage‐properties correlation study
Authors: Pal Sanjay , Das Mithun , Naskar Kinsuk
Published: October 2021

Ionic thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) materials have substantial scientific and commercial value due to their recyclable nature and wide adaptive applications. This article presents experimental results and analysis on the effects of the addition of “zwitterionic component” on various properties of maleic anhydride–grafted ethylene–propylene (M‐EPM)–based ionic TPEs. For this purpose, L‐lysine amino acid has been used, which contains a zwitterionic group and a primary amine group. The present work aims to understand how zwitterionic compounds can influence the behavior of the typical ionic TPEs. In this work, a reference ionic TPE sample and different test batches were prepared by varying the dosage of lysine amino acid in the rubber compound. Samples were easily prepared by using conventional rubber processing equipment, such as an internal mixer, two‐roll mill, and hydraulic press. Mechanical and other physical properties were investigated to examine the ionic cluster formation assisted by lysine amino acid. Adverse and favorable aspects of using lysine amino acid in zinc‐based M‐EPM ionic TPE have been discussed comprehensively.
Patient perspectives on falls in persons with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Matsuda Patricia Noritake , Hoffman Jeanne M.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Falls and their consequences are known to be major contributors to decreased health and well‐being in older adults. Several studies suggest that fall rates are higher among individuals with disabling conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there is a knowledge gap regarding how individuals with a disability define falls or understand their consequences.

Objective

To gain the perspective of community‐dwelling adults living with MS about falls and their consequences and to understand the conditions and circumstances surrounding falls, and to identify the specific attributes of a community fall‐prevention program that would facilitate participation.

Design

Focus groups or individual interviews were conducted with people with MS.

Setting/Participants

Community‐dwelling adults living with MS (n = 20) (men = 8 [34.7%], mean age 63.2 years [standard deviation (SD) 5.3, range 55‐75]). Average time since diagnosis was 20.6 years (SD 9.6, range 9‐44).

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Not applicable.

Results

All participants agreed that the definition of a fall required “ending up on the floor.” However, the starting point differed depending on mobility ability and device use. When using the most common research definition, individuals reported an increase in their number of falls as compared to when using their personal definition. Most participants considered “fear of falling” to be different from “concern about falling.” Participants wanted to learn how to fall and would not join a program with the word “fall” in the title.

Conclusions

Results suggest that fall data for individuals with MS may not be reported accurately. Health care providers would get more accurate data if they provide specific definitions for falls and ask specifically about fear and concern about falling. Patient‐centered programming needs to be developed that includes both how to fall and how to engage people with MS, including potential facilitators and barriers to participation.