bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of nurse’s knowledge and self-efficacy on nursing performance in pediatric intravenous fluid management in South Korea: a descriptive study
Authors: Kim Se-Won , Choi Mi-Young
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of nurse’s knowledge and self-efficacy on nursing performance in pediatric intravenous fluid management and provide the primary data necessary for the efficient intravenous injection management of hospitalized children.Methods: This study was a descriptive study design with 141 nurses who perform pediatric intravenous therapy care at eight hospitals in the S, C, D, and S regions. Data were collected from September 1, 2023, to September 30, 2023.Results: Nursing performance of pediatric intravenous injection management was significantly positively correlated with knowledge (r=.44, p<.001) and self-efficacy (r=.19, p=.022). Nurses’ knowledge (β=.42, p<.001) and self-efficacy (β=.22, p=.004) of pediatric intravenous injection management and care were identified as significant predictors of nursing performance thereof, with these two factors explaining 21.9% of the variance.Conclusion: This study found that knowledge and self-efficacy of pediatric intravenous injection management are significant predictors of the practice of intravenous care among pediatric nurses. Therefore, considering these factors, education and intervention programs should be developed to enhance pediatric nurses' knowledge and self-efficacy regarding intravenous injection management.
Employment challenges for persons with visual impairment in Windhoek, Namibia
Authors: Uiras Kelao , Paulse Nisha A. , Murangi Annelisa , Hlatywayo Clifford K.
Published: October 2024

Background: The greatest challenge for persons with disabilities is that of securing and maintaining employment, because of the limitations associated with being visually impaired.Objectives: This study aims to explore the employment challenges of securing and maintaining employment faced by persons with visual impairments.Method: A qualitative research approach with an exploratory research design was employed. A non-probability sampling method using the snowball sampling technique was adopted. A semi-structured interview was conducted with a total of n = 9 participants, and the data were analysed using the thematic analysis method.Results: The findings indicate that persons with visual impairment continue to face adverse challenges, especially in the quest of securing employment. Discrimination, isolation, rejection and lack of recognition are key issues that continue to persist in their life experiences, from the tertiary to post-tertiary level.Conclusion: Persons with visual impairment need continued support from various stakeholders as far as employment opportunities are concerned. There is a need to sensitise stakeholders, at all levels, on the challenges encountered by persons with visual impairment in their employment journey for effective inclusion and diversity management.Contribution: The findings can aid in the development of an all-round model of support and optimal functioning for persons with visual impairment from grassroots level to post-tertiary education and in workplaces.
The teacher’s role in teaching reading comprehension skills to Grade 9 English Home Language learners
Authors: Sibanda Mandlenkosi , Dippenaar Hanlie , Swart Amanda
Published: October 2024

Background: The high number of poor-performing learners in reading comprehension in South African schools is a concerning factor that calls for studies to mitigate this problem. The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) of 2021 indicates that about 81% of South African Grade 4 learners who participated, failed to reach the required benchmark in the test. Research indicates that teachers are not conversant with theory and explicit teaching of reading comprehension strategies.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role played by teachers in developing Grade 9 learners’ reading comprehension skills in English Home Language and establishing which reading comprehension skills and strategies are taught to learners.Method: This study used a qualitative approach. Four data sets were utilised to collect data including a document analysis, a questionnaire for learners, interviews with teachers of English and lesson observations.Results: The findings of the study show that there is little guidance on how to teach reading comprehension skills. It also emerged that instead of teaching reading comprehension skills, teachers merely ‘test’ learners’ answering skills.Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a need for re-training and assisting teachers in explicitly teaching reading comprehension skills to learners. Learners may benefit from the enhanced expertise of teachers and become more proficient in reading comprehension.Contribution: The study has provided invaluable insights into the current teaching practice of comprehension skills with actionable insights for teachers, teacher educators, and policymakers to support learners’ academic success and bridge the gap between praxis and theory.
Effects of soy on fertility: Current evidence and controversies
Authors: Hasan Hayder , Osaili Tareq , Hashim Mona , Zeb Falak , Coussa Ayla
Published: October 2024

The impact of soy consumption on fertility has been a subject of ongoing debate. Soy contains phytoestrogens such as isoflavones, which have a chemical structure similar to estrogen and can bind to estrogen receptors in the body, influencing fertility outcomes. Animal studies have demonstrated that high soy or isoflavone levels may disrupt the hormonal balance and negatively affect fertility. However, human studies have reported conflicting results, with some indicating no association and others showing a strong association between soy consumption and infertility. Variability in study designs, populations, lack of randomized controlled trials, inadequate understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and dietary intake assessment methods contribute to inconclusive findings. While some studies have suggested potential concerns about soy and fertility, the overall evidence remains inconclusive, and further research is required to elucidate this complex relationship. Personalized advice from healthcare professionals remains optimal for individuals with fertility issues.
Biological Activity and Its Application of Alpinia officinarum hance in Dentistry: A Systemic Review of Medicinal Properties
Authors: Godhi Brinda Suhas , Cherukodath Sandra Prasad Felix , Yurembam Shalini , Chanchala H. P. , Sushma R. , Doddawad Vidya Gowdappa
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The use of natural products, particularly herbs, in medicine has a long history and holds great potential in the search for novel pharmaceuticals. Alpinia officinarum hance (A. officinarum) is a dicotyledonous herb of the family Zingiberaceae, including its botanical profile, phytochemical constituents, and various pharmacological activities. A. officinarum has been found to possess diverse therapeutic properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. This herb is widely used in traditional medicine to address general health conditions. The search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify relevant published articles on this database to obtain relevant articles published from the inception of the databases until April 2023 using the following set of keywords: (1) Alpinia officinarum OR Zingiberaceae and (2) Antibacterial agent OR Antioxidant OR Anticancer Agent OR Dentistry. Isolated microbial activity studies were included in the review due to its well-established wealth of literature. Extensive research has been conducted on the herb, revealing its potential applications in dentistry and contributing to our understanding of its medicinal properties. Although the herb shows promising therapeutic potential, further translational research is needed for future drug development. Compile comprehensive information on A. officinarum has a positive antibacterial activity and potential application toward oral health maintenance and management in dentistry.
Physician Prescribing Behavior of Medicines in Developed and Developing Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bandi Viswanath , Dey Subrata Kumar , Rao O. R. S.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

A physician’s prescribing decision is a complex process, as it calls for the contribution of multiple stakeholders across the value chain. Physicians’ prescribing behavior constitutes elements such as product-related characteristics, product-promotional efforts, physician’s professional characteristics, and physician personality traits. Collaborative efforts involving government agencies, physician societies, and pharmaceutical organizations can enhance physician awareness and improve prescribing practices, leading to better disease management with improved patient quality of life. Based on existing studies in these economies, this systematic review explored physicians’ prescribing behavior in developed and developing countries. The ultimate goal of this systematic review is to empower physicians to make better prescribing decisions, ensuring patient safety and faster recovery. Using relevant keywords, the search was conducted with Scopus and Google Scholar databases from 2011 to 2024, with cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and reviews were included, whereas narrative reviews, case reports, opinion polls, and letters to the editor were excluded from the study. All three reviewers independently extracted data based on study design, year, country, participant characteristics, setting, and other details for conducting qualitative analysis based on the central tendency to study year-on-year publication trends and demographics characteristics were analyzed. Our review demonstrated that various promotional tools positively impacted prescribing behavior in developed and developing economies. However, physicians in developing countries expressed concerns about the value provided by pharmaceutical representatives, indicating a need for better knowledge dissemination about the product. Physicians prefer branded drugs for quality and efficacy, supported by health-care infrastructure and insurance in developed countries, but in developing countries, physicians prefer branded generics over branded drugs due to cost considerations.
Quantitative Analysis of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic Acid in Rat Urine by High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method
Authors: Bhalchim Vrushali , Undale Vaishali , Shewale Sunil , Neve Vrushali , Tambe Pratima , Mante Nishant
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is a metabolite of serotonin, a neurotransmitter primarily associated with regulating mood, appetite, and sleep. When serotonin is broken down in the body, it forms 5-HIAA, which is then excreted in urine. Quantification of 5-HIAA levels in urine is often used as a diagnostic tool for certain conditions, particularly carcinoid tumors, which can produce excess serotonin. Elevated levels of 5-HIAA in urine can indicate increased serotonin production, which may be indicative of carcinoid tumors or other conditions affecting serotonin metabolism. However, there is limited work on employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–ultraviolet to estimate monoamines in biological samples.

Aim and Objectives:

The present study explores the detection of 5-HIAA in rat urine samples, developing an easy, precise validated HPLC method.

Materials and Methods:

Mobile phase combination acetonitrile and o-phosphoric acid in the ratio of 30:70% v/v and flow rate 0.5 mL/min was able to separate 5-HIAA distinctly.

Results:

The detection was observed at λmax 277 nm with better sensitivity. According to the parameters indicated in the international council for harmonisation of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use guidelines (Q2A; Q2B), the procedure was verified. The linearity range was selected from 20 to 45 μg/mL, r
2 = 0.992, limit of detection (4.65 μg/mL), limit of quantification (15.52 μg/mL), retention time (6.3 min).

Conclusion:

The technique has demonstrated that it is repeatable and recoverable within the given range. Thus can be used for routine analysis of 5-HIAA in urine samples.
Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions in Extremes of Age Group Reported to a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Lella Meenakshi , Kambar Chandrakala , Vemu Susmitha , Subhashini P. Kamala , Gujjarlamudi Hima Bindu
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The World Health Organization (WHO), defined adverse drug reactions (ADRs) as “any noxious and unintended response to a drug, which occurs at doses normally used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of the disease or for the modification of physiological functions.” Pediatrics (≤12 years) and geriatrics (≥65 years) are the extreme age groups that are more vulnerable for ADRs.

Aim and Objectives:

To determine ADRs time-plausible relationship, clinical spectrum, causality, and severity in extreme age group patients.

Materials and Methods:

All the ADRs reported to ADR monitoring center among geriatrics and pediatrics patients after Institutional Ethics Committee approval were collected from January 2015 to July 2022. The collected reports were analyzed for ADR pattern, drug groups, Causality (as per WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre scale) and severity (Modified Hartwig scale).

Results:

Out of 4705 ADRs, 176 (3.74%) were reported in geriatric and 181 (3.84%) in pediatric patients. In geriatric patients, anti-neoplastic drugs followed by cardiovascular drugs were the most commonly implicated drugs, erythematous rash and dyspnea were the most common ADRs. Erythematous rash and diarrhea were the most commonly ADRs and immunological agents followed by antimicrobials were implicated drugs in pediatric patients. In geriatric patients 84.1% were mild, 14.8% moderate, and 1.1% severe reactions whereas in pediatric group 91.2% were mild, 8.3% moderate, and 0.5% severe ADRs. Two cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis and one case of Steven–Johnson syndrome were reported in geriatric and pediatric patients respectively. Causality assessment of the majority of ADRs in geriatric age group was possible (79.5%) and in pediatric age group it was probable (61.3%).

Conclusion:

Extreme age group populations are more vulnerable to ADRs due to comorbidities, polypharmacy and drug interactions in elderly people and immature hepatobiliary and renal systems in pediatric age. Hence, active surveillance of drugs and education of prescribers will help to minimize the risk of ADRs in this susceptible population.
The Use of Nano-based Drug Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Alheibshy Fawaz
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Blood–brain interfaces surrounding the central nervous system (CNS) present problems for targeted drug delivery, which limits the bioavailability of therapies for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological illnesses such as Alzheimer’s diseases and Parkinson’s diseases (AD/PD). Over the past 10 years, research has concentrated on creating novel approaches to get around these restrictions and effectively transport medications to the CNS. The protective barriers surrounding the CNS can be penetrated by nanoparticles (NPs), which have the ability to encapsulate medicines with prolonged drug release patterns and customizable physiochemical properties. To find out more about drug delivery systems, blood–brain barrier, NPs, neurodegenerative illnesses, AD and PD, and their treatment applications, a ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar search was done. After analysis using the keywords/phrases, relevant articles were determined to be completed. Because nanotechnology is a potent substitute for traditional drug delivery systems, it thus offers new hope for the treatment of AD and PD for example. The possible use of techniques based on NPs in neurodegenerative disorders and their therapeutic implications are covered briefly in this work.
A Prospective Observational Study on the Clinical Spectrum of Acute Pancreatitis in the Department of General Medicine in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Chandu Uppalapati Mohan , Bathul Shaik Shafiqua , Karthik Ponnekanti , Sai Maddineni Ganesh Siva , Sadiq Shaik Muhammad , Rani P. S. Usha , Chandrika P. Tabitha R. J. , Nadendla Rama Rao
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas, which can be life-threatening. It is characterized by sudden-onset abdominal pain, elevated pancreatic enzymes, and potential involvement of multiple organs.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a prospective observational study over a 6-month period. A total of 121 subjects were included, comprising 116 males (95.87%) and 5 females (4.13%). Most subjects fell within the age group of 26–35 (36.36%). Alcohol emerged as a major etiological factor, accounting for 101 cases (83.4%).

Results:

During the first 4 weeks of admission, patients developed various complications such as acute fluid collection (43.13%), ascites (33.33%), gastrointestinal disturbances (15.6%), necrotizing pancreatitis (5.88%) and pleural effusion (5.88%).

Conclusion:

Abdominal pain was the most common clinical manifestation across all age groups. We assessed severity using the Bedside Index of Severity in AP scoring scale and Ranson’s scoring scale, with the majority of subjects classified as being at mild risk. In addition, serum lipase proved to be an accurate biomarker for diagnosing AP. Interestingly, the alleviation of abdominal pain was independent of pancreatin administration.
Antiosteoporosis and bone protective effect of alpinumisoflavone in steroid-induced osteoporosis rats via alteration of apoptosis, inflammatory and RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway
Authors: Lian Jie , Qu Jun-Long , Zhao Guo-Wei , Ji Xu-Biao
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To estimate the bone protective effect of alpinumisoflavone, a natural prenylated isoflavonoid, against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats.

Methods:

Male Wistar rats received intramuscular administration of dexamethasone (4 mg/mL) at a dose level of 7 mg/kg for 5 weeks, and then alpinumisoflavone (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) and alendronate (2 mg/kg) from 2 weeks. The body weight and organ weight (femoral, vagina, and uterus) were estimated. MicroCT analysis, bone turnover markers, bone parameters, oxidative stress parameters, and inflammatory cytokines were estimated. mRNA expressions of related genes were also estimated.

Results:

Alpinumisoflavone remarkably boosted body weight and organ weight (ureters and vagina), improved microCT analysis parameters, and boosted levels of bone markers. Besides, alpinumisoflavone considerably (P<0.001) restored the level of bone turnover markers and oxidative stress parameters, remarkably suppressed the level of cytokines such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased transforming growth factor-β and insulin-like growth factor. It also significantly restored the osteoprotegerin (OPG, RANKL, and OPG/RANKL ratio) levels and the mRNA expression of Caspase (3, 6, 7, 9), BMPs, OPN, ALP, RUNX2, and OCN.

Conclusions:

The current result suggests the bone protective effect of alpinumisoflavone against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats.
Geraniol alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in mice
Authors: Karim Shahid , Shaik Rasheed A.
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To explore the effect of geraniol on cyclophosphamide- induced cardiotoxicity.

Methods:

Mice were divided into five groups: the control group, the cyclophosphamide group (200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, i.p. on day 7), the group treated with geraniol 100 and 200 mg/kg from day 1 to day 14, along with a single dose of cyclophosphamide on day 7, and the geraniol alone group (200 mg/kg geraniol from day 1 to day 14). At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed, and blood and heart were collected and analyzed for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes.

Results:

Treatment with 200 mg/kg geraniol significantly reduced the levels of cardiac injury markers, malondialdehyde, and inflammatory and apoptotic markers, while increasing antioxidant activities in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. Moreover, it remarkably alleviated histopathological aberrations in cardiac tissue.

Conclusions:

Geraniol attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
A sneak peek into the diagnostic conundrum of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast: An updated review with a brief illustrative case series
Authors: Prachi  , Aiyer Hema Malini
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the breast are uncommon tumours that have been a hitherto poorly and variably defined entity. In the recent fifth Edition World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of breast tumour, NENs are dichotomously classified into neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), mirroring the classification of NENs in other organ systems. Both NETs and NECs are invasive tumours in the breast. However, the clinical significance of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in breast cancers, especially in NETs of the breast, is not yet fully understood, and a large overlap appears to exist between breast cancers showing NED and invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST). Although breast NECs show distinct clinical and morphological features and show overlapping molecular features with their counterpart in other organs, especially the high-grade component. Diagnosis of NETs based on the morphological characteristics alone can be challenging; one reason is that breast NETs do not necessarily have the same morphological characteristics as those of NENs arising in other organs and are genetically heterogeneous and harbour molecular alterations that differ from IBC, NST.

The keynote changes in the current WHO are the exclusion of other histological subtypes that is, solid papillary carcinoma and a hypercellular variant of mucinous carcinoma which are strong immunohistochemical mimickers of NED and the inclusion of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC).

Thus, the heterogeneity of breast tumours with NED and the changes in their classifications over the years have left many open issues that still need to be resolved.

Data regarding the prognostic significance of NED is conflicting and histologic grade and tumour stage remain the main prognostic parameters. Current management of NENs is similar to that of IBC of NST. In this review article, we will summarise the journey of NENs of the breast with an update on the recent WHO classification and discuss their differences from NENs arising in other organs by highlighting an interesting case series depicting their clinical, radiological, histological and molecular features.
Correlation of Trichoscopic Findings with Severity in Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Murali Savitha , Rajamohanan Remya Raj , Kuruvila Sheela
Published: October 2024

Background:

Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) refers to the appearance of common non-scarring progressive loss of terminal hair. Trichoscopy shows a magnified view of the hair shafts and hair follicle openings and helps us to diagnose, prognosticate and determine the disease severity.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to identify the trichoscopic findings in patients with androgenetic alopecia and associate these findings with disease severity.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional analytical study of both male and female patients with AGA. The Hamilton Norwood staging was used in males and Ludwig’s staging was used in females. The NC 2 Heine Dermoscope was used to assess the scalp and a 64 MP rear camera was used for the photographic assessment. A Chi-square test was performed to find out the association between the stage of alopecia and trichoscopic findings.

Results:

A total of 63 patients were assessed in this study. Trichoscopic examination showed Hair Shaft Heterogeneity (HSTH) in all patients of AGA. Scalp honeycomb pigmentation and brown peripilar signs were seen in more than half of the patients. The white peripilar sign was associated with advanced stages in both male and female patients, (P = 0.015) and (P = 0.038) respectively. Focal atrichia was also associated with advanced stages in both male and female patients, (P = 0.001) and (P = 0.05) respectively.

Conclusion:

HSTH was the characteristic trichoscopic feature of AGA. White peripilar sign and focal atrichia correlated with the severity of the disease. Trichoscopy-based assessment can be used to individualise the treatment options and counsel the patients regarding prognosis.
Vulval Aggressive Angiomyxoma: A Giant Tumour Arising from Hidradenitis Suppurativa Scars
Authors: Kumari Sandhya , Verma Ghanshyam K. , Gulati Anchana , Mehta Prajul
Published: October 2024

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a very rare tumour arising from the vulvovaginal mesenchymal tissue. The literature has not reported its co-existence with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). A 30-year-old female presented with a giant pedunculated mass arising from a scarred and disfigured perineum for 3 years. On examination, a giant mass of size 20 × 20 cm was hanging over the scarred and disfigured vulva. The clinical possibilities of AA, leiomyoma or angiomyofibroblastoma over the scars of HS were considered. The histopathological examination of the mass revealed the features of AA, and perineal lesion biopsy was suggestive of HS. The patient was managed with surgical excision of the AA along with oral antibiotics for HS.
Bibliometric Analysis of Research Between Deep Brain Stimulation and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Cabanillas-Lazo Miguel , Quispe-Vicuña Carlos , Espinoza-Carhuancho Fran , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: October 2024

Objective: To examine the thematic evolution and scientific productivity of the relationship between deep brain stimulation (DBS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Materials and methods: A descriptive study using a scientometric approach was conducted using the Scopus database between 2019 and July 2024. Data were exported to the SciVal bibliometric analysis tool, and bibliometric indicators, such as number of publications per country/region, citations per publication, and h-index, were used. Results: A total of 150 publications were obtained, mostly of high quality (Q1) and coming from the USA and China. Lozano was the most productive author, and the University of Toronto in Canada had the highest number of publications. The journal with the highest impact was Frontiers in Neuroscience with 21.3 citations/paper, and most authors only published one article. Conclusions: The bibliometric study revealed decreasing research trends but mostly highlighted large international collaborations, especially in high-impact journals. The findings can serve as a basis for future research and policies evaluating the impact of DBS in the management of patients with AD.
Biochemical and nutritional determinants of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Omani adult patients: a case-control study
Authors: Al Ghaithi Fatma , Waly Mostafa I. , Al-Farsi Yahya , Al Mukhaini Zainab , Al Balushi Ruqaiya , Almashrafi Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, diabetes, kidney disease, and liver cirrhosis. Limited research exists on the biochemical and nutritional elements influencing NAFLD among adult patients in Oman. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the biochemical parameters and nutritional factors of Omani adults diagnosed with NAFLD at the Diwan Polyclinic in Muscat, Oman. Methods: This retrospective case–control study included 104 participants (52 cases and 52 controls) who have 2 or more risk factors for NAFLD and were referred to the Radiology department from January 2021 to January 2022 for abdominal ultrasound after Internal Medicine consultations. A validated scale, incorporating a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, was employed. Results: The study revealed a significantly higher risk of NAFLD among men (69%) compared to women (31%). A common characteristic among participants was a prior diabetes diagnosis, 61.5% of the case group and 65% of the control group. While average liver enzyme levels were within the normal range for both groups, alanine transaminase levels were notably elevated in the case group. The case group exhibited a significantly higher average caloric intake than the control group. Conclusion: NAFLD is significantly more common among men. Alanine transaminase is significantly high in NAFLD group, which might be considered as a biochemical marker for NAFLD, but further investigations are needed. Moreover, high daily caloric intake is directly related to NAFLD.
Metoclopramide-induced opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome: A rare side-effect
Authors: Phate Neha , Reddy Harshitha , Verma Prerna , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya
Published: October 2024

Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is an autoimmune disorder involving the nervous system characterized by rapid involuntary eye movements (opsoclonus), involuntary brief muscle twitching (myoclonus), loss of coordination of movements, imbalance, disturbances of sleep, irritability, slurring of speech, and decreases muscle tone. Hyperemesis gravidarum, intractable vomiting during pregnancy, results in reduction in intravascular volume, can produce ketonemia. We describe a case of primigravida who had hyperemesis gravidarum and suffered metoclopramide-induced OMAS.
Testing for imbalance in the diabetics to presage inner ear lesions and stroke: Using Timed Up and Go test as a screening test
Authors: Muthukumaran G. , Samayan Kala , Panneerselvam A. , Balakrishnan D. , Arjun B. , Anusha A.V.
Published: October 2024

Background: Imbalance and impaired hearing are less known complications of diabetics. Very few studies have been conducted in this regard. A common reason for imbalance is insufficiency of cerebral vascular perfusion. This is dreaded because imbalance may presage stroke. Hence in every diabetic, clinicians must always ask for the presence of imbalance. Such self-report by the patient may be highly subjective and may lead several investigations, which are expensive and time-consuming. Hence, an objective screening test for the presence of imbalance is the need of the hour. One such test is the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Objectives: The objectives of the study were (i) to ascertain ‘whether self-reporting the absence of imbalance alone is robust enough to presume the absence of imbalance and (ii) to ascertain whether TUG test is feasible to use as a screening test. Method: The subjects of this study were 98 subjects in the age group of 41 to 50 years attending a large diabetic clinic, with confirmed diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Each subject was asked a simple question about whether they had ever felt any imbalance. Subsequently, all the subjects underwent the TUG test. The scores of the TUG test were analysed for association with the self-report of imbalance. Results: Among the 98 subjects, only 42 persons self-reported imbalance. The rest denied any imbalance. Among the 56 subjects (group A) who denied experiencing any imbalance, only 40 subjects had normal TUG scores i.e. 12 seconds or less. The remaining 16 subjects had prolonged scores i.e. 13 s or more. On the other hand, among the 42 subjects who admitted to having imbalance (group B), only 24 subjects had scores of 13 s or higher. The other 18 subjects had normal TUG scores. It is noteworthy that the self-reporting by 16 subjects of group A and 18 subjects group B were wrong, when we checked with the TUG test. With regard to the feasibility of the TUG test, we found it was inexpensive and required only two or three minutes. Even clinical assistants could learn and do it right. Conclusion: Because of the above reasons, TUG test is recommended for every diabetic patient. However, we should always keep in mind that TUG test is only a screening test and is not specific to any individual organ system.
An exploratory scientometric analysis of monosodium glutamate and cardiovascular or metabolic diseases: Dynamicity, collaboration, and emerging patterns
Authors: Espinoza-Carhuancho Fran , Quispe-Vicuña Carlos , Medina Julia , Galarza-Valencia Diego , Mauricio-Vilchez Cesar , Pacheco-Mendoza Josmel , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: October 2024

Objective: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a popular food additive in all ethnic strata, but its impact on public health is questionable due to symptoms such as headaches and nausea that have been attributed to it. This study aimed to perform a scientometric analysis of the literature related to MSG and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, covering the period from 2018 to 2023. Methods: A cross-sectional, exploratory study design was employed. A comprehensive search of the Scopus database was performed using specific search terms related to MSG and cardiovascular or metabolic diseases. The analysis process in SciVal enabled the examination and visualization of various aspects of the scientific literature. Bibliometric metrics such as Scholarly Output, h-index, Field-Weighted Citation Impact, and Citations per Publication were used to assess the relevance and impact of the research results. Results: The bibliometric analysis covered 114 documents retrieved from 96 sources, including journals and books. Although the annual growth rate was negative, the average number of citations per paper was 10.1, indicating a significant impact. Collaboration among authors was remarkable, with an average of 6.68 coauthors per paper and 12.28% international coauthorships. Several authors and academic institutions were highlighted for their contributions to the field. The thematic analysis revealed changing terminology trends, reflecting the evolution of research approaches and interests over time. Conclusion: There has been a significant impact and collaboration within the research community on the study of MSG and its association with cardiovascular or metabolic diseases. The results of these studies offer valuable insights into the dynamics and quality of research in this field. They highlight the importance of further research to address the complexities of MSG’s impact on human health.
Comparison of nutritional, antinutritional, and phenolic compositions of Justicia wynaadensis (Nees) T.Anderson plant from Kodagu region of Karnataka harvested at different seasons
Authors: Deepthi Marnad Rangappaiah , Goudar Giridhar , Rao Jarapala Sreenivasa , Suthar Sahil Bipin Kumar , Preethi Kommunuri , Reddy Patlolla Sriya
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Medicinal plants have been utilized across different cultures as a source of therapeutic compounds. The present study delves into assessing the medicinal properties of the Indigenous plant, Justicia wynaadensis endemic to the Western Ghats of India, especially Kodagu, Karnataka, where it is consumed during specific periods for its believed health benefits.

METHODS:

Analysis of nutrients, antinutrient profile, phenolic content, betalains, and antioxidant property was evaluated using AOAC and standardized methods. The present study seeks to elucidate the variation observed for different harvested seasons of J. wynaadensis for its comprehensive composition.

RESULTS:

The available carbohydrates ranged from 746 to 16.50 and 6.54 to 13.30 g/100 g in the leaf and stem parts of the plant, respectively. Total phenolic content varied from 0.82 to 1.21 g gallic acid equivalent/100 g, whereas, total flavonoid content varied from 0.41 to 1.07 g catechin equivalent/100 g. Total anthocyanin content and total carotenoid content varied from 8730 to 296 mg C3G/100 g and 3.23 to 23.02 mg/100 g, respectively. Betaxanthin and betacyanin contents were ranging between 0.436-0.986 and 19.13-40.41 μg/100 g.

CONCLUSION:

The comparison was done for pre-consumption (Season 1, July), consumption (Season 2, August), and post-consumption (Season 3, September) periods and was found for the variation in the nutritional and phenolic compositions between different seasons. The result showed significant quantities of antioxidants during the consumption phase in both the leaves and stem part and maximum phenolic content and minimum antinutrient content in the stem part of the plant. The study validates the traditional practice of consuming the medicinal plant J. wynaadensis by the people of Kodagu district during the August month of the year.
Insights into food incompatibilities: Ayurveda and modern perspectives
Authors: Mishra Ashwini Kumar , Singh Rajesh , Jain Smita , Charde Vaibhav A. , Jagtap Chandrashekhar Y. , Narasimhaji Ch. Venkata
Published: October 2024

Classical Ayurveda books extensively discuss several aspects of food, including its diverse origins, qualities in different seasons and locations, and its unique roles in normal and abnormal physiological conditions. Various diseases can be initiated by alterations in dietary patterns and a deficiency in understanding appropriate nutrition. Viruddha Ahara is a concept in Ayurveda that refers to a particular diet and its combination that negatively affects the body’s metabolism of tissues, hinders the creation of Dhatus, and possesses properties that are opposed to Dhatus (known as incompatible food). In recent years, there has been an increase in the occurrence of lifestyle disorders, with poor dietary patterns being a significant contributing factor. Therefore, it is imperative to comprehend the concept of ViruddhaAhara in the modern era. This review encompasses details about Viruddha Ahara and its reported hazards in classical literature along with the contemporary know-how and reported shreds of evidence in food incompatibility.
History and practices on the magnanimity and sanctity of diet
Authors: Prasad Goli Penchala , Veerabadhran Vijayalakshmi
Published: October 2024

From prehistoric hunter-gatherer societies to the sophisticated gastronomy of medieval royal courts, the evolution of Indian food culture underscores the integral role of food in sustaining life and fostering communal bonds. Beginning with the ancestral legacies where food was regarded as a divine gift fostering communal eating and social cohesion, this article explores the progression of food culture through the lens of historical epochs such as the Harappan civilization, Vedic period, Mauryan and Gupta periods, and the influences of Dravidian culture, Muslim rulers, and European colonization. The article highlights the pivotal role of Prana, the life force in digestion, as described in texts such as the Chandogya-Upanishad, and the impact of food on mental purity and vitality. It examines the classification of food in the Bhagavad Gita based on its effects on the Gunas (qualities), emphasizing the preference for Sattvika foods that promote longevity and happiness. The Manusmritiunderscores the cosmic significance of food offerings, linking human actions to natural elements and divine beings. The practice of Annadanam (the giving of food) is extolled as one of the highest forms of charity, reflecting a universal ethos of generosity and hospitality. The comprehensive review underscores the holistic understanding of the sanctity of food within the intricate fabric of Indian culture, intertwining spiritual beliefs, ethical considerations, and communal practices that have shaped culinary traditions and societal norms over millennia.
Quality control and shelf-life study of Ayush CCT formulation
Authors: Meena Ajay Kumar , Kumar Vijay , Sharma Preeti , Khanduri Shruti , Sharma Bhagwan Sahai , Singh Arjun , Singh Ravindra , Srikanth Narayanam , Dhiman Kartar Singh , Acharya Rabinarayan
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

One of the most widely popular brews globally is green tea/black tea, prepared by steeping the leaves of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze plant. The examination of shelf-life proves to be a crucial tool in Ayurvedic formulations, particularly for ensuring the prolonged durability of the finished products.

METHODS:

The formulation underwent shelf-life studies maintaining conditions at 30°C ± 2°C and 65% RH ± 5% RH. The shelf-life dynamics were scrutinized through withdrawals at 0 day and at 3-month intervals to maintain the efficacy over a period of 24 months. In the current research, notable alterations were not detected in diverse physical, chemical, and safety parameters studied for shelf-life assessment. These parameters include pH, loss on drying at 105°C, ash values, extractive values, microbial contamination, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) profile, thermal analysis, and aflatoxins, all evaluated at different intervals throughout the entire study period.

RESULTS:

The current research study comprises of HPTLC fingerprint profiling of C. sinensis leaf and formulation, employing the solvent system of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (6.5:3.4:0.1) with caffeine as the reference standard and safety parameters along with total phenolic content (6.9379 %w/w) and total flavonoid content (3.31 %w/w). The quantitative estimation values of caffeine in Ayush CCT and in C. sinensis leaf were 0.83% and 2.44%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

It can be inferred that the Ayush CCT formulation demonstrates a shelf-life of more than 2 years. The study encompassed the assessment of shelf-life, as well as the qualitative and quantitative estimation of caffeine as a bioactive constituent in Ayush CCT formulation and C. sinensis extract.
Giant intra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis infiltrating into the pancreas
Authors: Singh Ajit Kumar , Giri Ranjana , Pradhan Prita , Macwan Pankti Ilesh , Senapati Urmila , Sahu Subrat Kumar , Pujari Pran Singh
Published: October 2024

Intra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis is a proliferative fibroblastic lesion that constitutes 8% of all desmoid tumors and 0.03% of all neoplasm. It is histologically benign with a local aggressive nature and recurs even after excision. It can occur sporadically and or associated with familial adenomatous polyposis mutation. The present case is a 25-year-old female admitted with a chief complaint of abdominal mass gradually increasing in size in the last 6 months. Ultrasound of the whole abdomen initially suggested it to be a uterine/ovarian mass, which is further detailed by the contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scan. The CT scan showed a large heterodense intraperitoneal mass lesion measuring 34 cm × 25 cm × 16 cm with foci of calcification and necrosis. The mass extended superomedially. It displaced and compressed the stomach wall. It was abutting the peritoneum and was associated with diffuse peritoneal thickening anterolaterally. Posteriorly it was abutting small bowel loops and inferiorly extending into the pelvis and compressing the urinary bladder wall. Posterosuperiorly seems to abut the left kidney and spleen. Desmoid tumor and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) remained as differentials radiologically and then the patient underwent laparotomy. Histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed it to be fibromatosis. It is, therefore, justified to describe the tumor by considering its rarity, difficulties in diagnosis, and therapeutic ambit.
Effectiveness of autologous interposition saphenous graft in the creation of proximal arteriovenous fistula: Our initial experience
Authors: Haldar Anindya , Mishra Sumanta Kumar , Panda Sumit Kumar
Published: October 2024

For the individuals with end-stage renal disease, maintenance hemodialysis is a common treatment. When we compare to dialysis catheters or prosthetic grafts, arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is associated with a greater maturation period but a smaller incidence of infections, central venous stenosis, hospitalizations, and mortality. Fistulas mature by a dynamic process which is known as venous arterialization, where the breakdown of elastin and release of nitric oxide promote the functional and structural remodeling of the venous wall, permitting the expansion of venous outflow. Veins made them exposed to the arterial environment at the time of venous grafts and AVFs creation. Successful adaptation of the vein to the arterial flow is the most demanding part for long-term success, identified by venous dilation followed by wall thickening. Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and grafts (AV graft) are the commonest form of vascular access used for maintenance of hemodialysis. In general AVF is superior than AV graft in terms of its durability, patency, complication rate and overall survival of patients. But when the calibre of the vein is not satisfactory or length is not adequate to make tension free anastomosis, interposition graft is used. Most commonly used bridging material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer. In this case, we used an interposition graft of the saphenous vein for making dialysis access on a 38 year old male patient having renal insufficiency and evaluated its efficacy in maintaining flow.
Dengue fever complicated by abscess formation: An atypical presentation
Authors: Mir Uzair Yousf
Published: October 2024

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease with a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from self-limiting mild sickness to expanded dengue syndrome (EDS). Despite extensive investigation into the immunological pathogenesis of dengue virus (DENV) infection, the precise mechanism remains unclear. DENV’s transitory reduction of host innate immunity could be the most likely cause of dengue-associated coinfections and/or superinfections. Furthermore, the dual infection can aggravate the clinical course of dengue fever. We document an unusual case of dengue fever in a 27-year-old healthy male, exacerbated by cellulitis and myositis involving the posterolateral compartment of the proximal and midcalf, which was later discovered to be an abscess. Blood culture showed methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. This case shows the possibility of bacterial coinfections in dengue patients, especially in the context of immunosuppression, as well as the need for early recognition of atypical characteristics and the novel entity known as EDS.
A study on pathogenic aerobic bacteria of surgical site infection and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in patients attending a hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Authors: Acharya Lovely , Nayak Sarita Kumari , Anshuman Anurup
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Identification of bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility testing are vital for the effective treatment of surgical site infection (SSI).

Objective:

The objective of the study was to study the bacterial pathogens in patients with SSI and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.

Methods:

Pus samples were collected using sterilized swab stick, and then, the samples were cultured in MacConkey and Blood agar and incubated for 24 h in bacterial incubator. The identification was done by using colony morphology, Gram staining technique, and biochemical tests. After identification, the antibiogram of organisms was done using Mueller–Hinton agar.

Results:

A total of 76 pus samples were collected from different specialties from SSIs. Out of which 53 samples were culture positive. The number of male patients who had SSI was higher than females. Maximum SSIs were observed in the orthopedics department followed by the surgery department and gynecology department. SSIs in surgery and orthopedics department were commonly seen in the age group 41–60 years. In the obstetrics and gynecology department, SSIs were seen mostly in the age group 21–40 years. In the surgery and orthopedics department, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism and Klebsiella spp was the most common Gram-negative isolate. In the gynecology department, S. aureus was the predominant organism followed by Acinetobacter spp. Maximum sensitivity to Vancomycin and Linezolid was seen as the only Gram-positive isolate in all specialties. Gram-negative isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae family of all specialties were sensitive to tigecycline followed by imipenem and meropenem. Nonfermenters were mostly sensitive to polymyxin b/colistin, imipenem, and meropenem.

Conclusion:

The study gives an insight into aerobic bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic-sensitivity patterns isolated from SSI and there should be surveillance of SSI which helps to reduce the rate of SSI as well as appropriate use of antibiotics.