bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Halalan Tayyiban on Muslim Decent Spiritual Life and its Relation to al-Ghazali’s Concept of Breaking the two Desires—Food and Sex (Pengaruh Halalan Tayyiban terhadap Kehidupan Rohani Muslim dan Hubungannya dengan Konsep Menundukkan Dua Keinginan Nafsu Makan dan Seks Menurut al-Ghazali)
Authors: Salim Ssuna , Abdullah Syahrul Faizaz
Published: January 2021

The concept of halalan tayyiban is very central to a Muslim spiritual life, it has a direct influence on the true practice and fulfilling the religious obligations as demanded by Almighty Allah. The centrality of this concept attracted and still attracts numerous studies, which cover a multiplicity of topics ranging from mainly branding to scientific technicalities involved in the production of permissible consumable products during modern times. This study will focus on the implication and influence of halalan tayyiban on Muslim decent spiritual life and how this relates to al-Ghazali’s concept of breaking the two desires—food and sex.  The study uses a descriptive analytical approach which is mainly interpretative in form of textual commentary.  The study observed that a combination of these two concepts will lead to a more refined understanding of the concept of halalan tayyiban and its influence on one’s spiritual life.
Keywords: Halalan tayyiban, Muslim spiritual life, religious obligation, breaking the two desires—food and sex, al-Ghazali.
Abstrak
Konsep halalan tayyiban sangat penting bagi kehidupan kerohanian Muslim kerana ia mempunyai pengaruh secara langsung terhadap amalan dan dapat memenuhi kewajiban agama sebagaimana yang dituntut oleh Allah SWT. Konsep ini sangat menarik dan masih menjadi perhatian banyak kajian yang merangkumi pelbagai topik berkaitan dengan penjenamaan hingga kepada kaedah teknikal saintifik yang membabitkan dalam pengeluaran produk kegunaan harian yang halal pada zaman moden. Kajian ini akan memfokuskan pada implikasi dan pengaruh konsep halalan tayyiban terhadap kehidupan rohani Muslim dan kaitannya dengan konsep mematahkan dua keinginan makanan dan sex menurut al-Ghazali. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis deskriptif yang bersifat interpretatif dalam bentuk analisa teks. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa penggabungan kedua-dua konsep ini akan membawa kepada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai konsep halalan tayyiban dan pengaruhnya terhadap kehidupan rohani seseorang.          
Kata Kunci: Halalan tayyiban, kehidupan rohani Muslim, kewajiban beragama, menundukkan dua keinginan hawa nafsu makanan dan sex,  al-Ghazali.
مظاهر التعايش الاجتماعي بين المسلمين وغيرهم في المجتمعات المسلمة المعاصرة في ضوء وثيقة المدينة (The manifestations of Social Coexistence between Muslims and Others in Contemporary Muslim Societies "In the Light of the Treaty of Madinah")
Authors: زيادي فيروز , بنت أوانج عبد الرحمن أميلة
Published: January 2021

يتناول هذا البحث مظاهر التعايش الاجتماعي بين المسلمين وغيرهم في المجتمع المسلم المعاصر في ضوء وثيقة المدينة، ويهدف هذا البحث إلى إبراز مظاهر هذا التعايش وعرضها على بنود وثيقة المدينة وبيان أهمية الوثيقة في إرساء ثقافة التعايش بين المسلمين وغيرهم. ويتبع البحث المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي. وقد خلصت الورقة إلى ضرورة التوظيف الفعال والصحيح للوثيقة النبوية في إرساء ثقافة وحياة التعايش بين المسلمين وغيرهم في مجتمعاتنا المعاصرة، وأن القيم والمبادئ التي وضعتها الوثيقة كفيلة ببيان عمق الإسلام وأنه رحمة للعالمين وأنه يدعو إلى التفاهم والتعاون، بناء على الحق والقانون وقيم التعايش. وهذا ما يؤكد أهمية المنهج الإسلامي العالمي في بناء العلاقات الإنسانية على التعايش والتسامح والتفاعل الإيجابي البناء.
الكلمات المفتاحيّة: وثيقة المدينة، التعايش، المجتمع المسلم المعاصر.
Abstract
This research deals with the aspects of social coexistence between Muslims and others, in contemporary Muslim society in the light of the Treaty of Medina. This research aims to highlight the aspects of social coexistence between Muslims and others in contemporary Muslim society. It also seeks to display these aspects on the clauses of the city document and to demonstrate the importance of the Treaty of Medina in establishing a culture of coexistence between Muslims and others. Employing analytical inductive method. The paper finds that the Treaty is relevant in establishing the culture and life of coexistence between Muslims and others in the contemporary societies. The values ​​and principles laid down in the document are also sufficient to demonstrate the depth of Islam, that it is a mercy for both worlds, and that it calls for coexistence and cooperation, based on truth, law and the values ​​of coexistence. This confirms the importance of the global Islamic approach in building human relations based on coexistence, tolerance and positive constructive interaction.
Keywords: Treaty of Medina, Coexistence, Contemporary Society.
HASAN ALİ TOPTAŞ’IN “BEN BİR GÜRGEN DALIYIM” ADLI ROMANININ ÇOCUK EDEBİYATI İLKELERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYDIN Firat , AKIN Erhan
Published: January 2021

Çocuk kitapları; çocukların okumayı sevmesinde ve kitap okuyan nesillerin oluşmasında çok önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir. Bu sebeple çocuklara yönelik hazırlanan eserlerin çocuk edebiyatı ilkelerine uygun olması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada Hasan Ali Toptaş’ın Ben Bir Gürgen Dalıyım adlı romanı çocuk edebiyatı ilkelerine uygunluk açısından değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Doküman incelmesi tekniği kullanılmıştır. “Doküman incelemesi, araştırılması hedeflenen olgu veya olgular hakkında bilgi içeren yazılı materyallerin analizini kapsar.” (Yıldırım ve Şimşek, 2013:217). Araştırmada Hasan Ali Toptaş’ın Ben Bir Gürgen Dalıyım adlı kitabı çocuk edebiyatı ilkeleri çerçevesinde dış yapı ve iç yapı unsurları olmak üzere iki ana başlık ve bunlara bağlı alt başlıklar oluşturularak ele alınıp içerik analizi yoluyla incelenmiştir. Bu yol; “sözel, yazılı veya diğer materyallerin içerdiği mesajı, anlam ve/veya dilbilgisi açısından nesnel ve sistematik olarak sınıflandırma, sayılara dönüştürme ve çıkarımda bulunma yoluyla sosyal gerçeği araştıran bilimsel bir yaklaşımdır” (Tavşancıl ve Aslan, 2001: 22). Yapılan analiz sonucunda genel anlamda incelenen eser dış yapı ve içyapı unsurları bakımından çocuk edebiyatı ilkelerine uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan inceleme neticesinde kitabın çocukların algı dünyalarını geliştirmede, doğaya karşı duyarlılık geliştirmelerinin yanında edebi zevk kazandırmada da çocuklara katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir. Yapılan tespitler eserden alıntılar gösterilerek çalışmanın güvenirliği sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Son olarak konu ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
İLKOKULDA GÖREV YAPAN ÖĞRETMENLERİN ÖLÇME VE DEĞERLENDİRMEYE YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KILIÇ Mehmet Yaşar
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; ilkokulda görev yapan öğretmenlerin ölçme ve değerlendirmeye yönelik görüşlerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda oluşturulan araştırma sorularına yanıt aranmaktadır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma çerçevesinde yürütülmüştür ve “olgubilim” desenine uygun olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında Sivas ili Merkez ilçedeki ilkokullarda görev yapan dokuz öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen ve beş açık uçlu sorudan oluşan “yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu” kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu “kolay ulaşılabilir” örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Hazırlanan veri toplama aracı çalışma grubunda bulunan öğretmenlere ulaştırılmış ve formun nasıl doldurulacağı hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Katılımcılar gönüllülük esasına uygun olarak seçilmiş ve görüşme formu hakkında bilgi verilirken katılımcıları yönlendirebilecek ifadelerden kaçınılmıştır. Toplanan veriler, araştırmacı ve eğitim bilimleri alanında uzman bir kişi tarafından değerlendirilmiş ve değerlendirme sonucunda veri doygunluğunun sağlandığı kanısına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenlerin ölçme ve değerlendirmeyi daha çok not verme ve eksik öğrenmeleri belirleme amacıyla yaptıkları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin bir kısmının kendisini ölçme ve değerlendirme konusunda yeterli görürken bir kısmının ise yeterli görmediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Diğer bir sonuca göre öğretmenlerin en çok kullandıkları ölçme ve değerlendirme yöntemleri arasında performans değerlendirme ve proje değerlendirme olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin ölçme ve değerlendirme yöntemlerini kullanırken en fazla karşılaştıkları zorlukların sınıfların kalabalık olması ve zaman yetersizliği olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
İRAN ULUSAL BASININDA İSRAİL ÇERÇEVESİNDE FİLİSTİN VE KUDÜS: KAYHAN ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÖRGÜLÜ Yusuf
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada, İran’ın ulusal gazetelerinde yer alan Kudüs ve Filistin’e yönelik içeriksel sunumu ile İsrail’in temsili üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu amaçla, Kudüs ve Filistin söylemlerine ilişkin içeriksel sunum sıklığı, Kudüs ve Filistin’e yönelik iletilerin ne şekilde sunulduğu ve karşısında yer alan İsrail’e ilişkin tutumsal pratiklerin ne şekilde ortaya konduğu üzerinde durulmuştur. Örneklem olarak İran’da İstihbarat ve mevcut rejimin güdümünde hareket eden Kayhan gazetesi seçilmiştir. 20.05.2020 ile 27.05.2020 arasında mevcut gazetede Kudüs ve Filistin’e yönelik sunulan içeriklerin İsrail özelinde temsili amacı ile içerik analizi ve söylem analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma Kayhan (Arapça) gazetesi özelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmamızı bu tarihler arasında dar bir çerçevede sınırlandırmamızın sebebi, Kudüs gününe işaret eden bir tarih olması ve bu tarihler arasında Kudüs ve Filistin’e yönelik içerik üretim oranının yüksek olması beklentisidir. Ayrıca bu tarihlere yakın bir dönemde ABD’de George Floyd İsyanı başladığı için gazetenin ilgisinin ABD’deki isyanlara odaklanacağı düşüncesidir. Araştırmamızda örneklem olarak Kayhan (Arapça) seçilmesinin ana sebebi, Kudüs, Filistin ve Ortadoğu’ya yönelik değersel/ ideolojik verileri işleme sıklığının belirgin olmasıdır.
Araştırma sonucuna göre, İran’da rejimin güdümünde hareket eden Kayhan gazetesi İktidarın söylemleri çerçevesinde içerikler sunduğu, rejimin politik tutumuna/popülist söylemlerine yönelik içerikleri ürettiği ve rejimin İsrail’e yönelik bakış açısını yansıtma noktasında benzer bir görünüm ile kamuoyu oluşturma çabası içerisinde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
ENGELLİ BİREYLERİN GÜNDELİK HAYAT STRATEJİSİ OLARAK “WHEELCHAIR DANCING” DENEYİMLERİ
Authors: DEMİR Ayşegül
Published: January 2021

Gündelik hayat, toplumda kurumsal mekanizmalar ile bireyin yapıp ettiklerinin sosyal gerçekliğe içkin bir şekilde birbiriyle ilişkisel olarak bağlantısını yansıtmaktadır. Engelliler, gündelik hayatlarında kendi varoluş ve hak mücadelelerini dans aktivitesinde pratik olarak görünür hale getirmektedirler. Bu bilgiler ışığında çalışmada, kuramsal olarak Pierre Bourdieu’nun düşüncelerinden faydalanılmaktadır. Özellikle, “strateji” kavramı çalışmanın temel belirleyici noktası olmaktadır. Çalışma, sosyolojide kullanılan nitel araştırma yöntemine dayanmaktadır. Çalışmada araştırma teknikleri olarak iki yol izlenerek hem içerik analizi hem de derinlemesine görüşme kullanılarak verilerin betimsel analizi yapılmaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturan Wheelchair Dance Project (Tekerlekli Sandalye Dansı Projesi), İzmir ilinde oluşturulmuş fiziksel engelli bireylerin aktör oldukları ve hayata geçirilen bir dans projesidir. Bu proje ekibinde yer alan dansçılar, eğitmenler, müzisyenler tümüyle gönüllülük esasına dayanarak faaliyet göstermektedir. Bu ekipte toplam olarak 14 dansçı yer almaktadır. Çalışmada katılımcıların demografik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 4 kişi (3 kadın ve 1 erkek) ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler esnasında ses kayıt cihazı kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş aralığı 31-35 arasında değişmektedir. Katılımcılardan medeni durum olarak 2 kadın bekar ve 1 kadın boşanmış; 1 erkek ise bekardır. Katılımcıların tamamı Karşıyaka ilçesinde ikamet etmektedir. Görüşmeler sonrasında verilerden elde edilen bulgular; “Gündelik Hayat”, “Engellilik ve Strateji”, “Wheelchair Dancing Project” olarak belirlenen temalar çerçevesinde görsel materyal de eklenip kullanılarak değerlendirilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Wheelchair Dance Project (Tekerlekli Sandalye Dans Projesi), engelli bireylerin stratejik olarak dans aracılığıyla sosyalleşmesinin ve bedenlerini yeniden inşa etmelerinin en somut örneğini teşkil etmektedir.
BİRİNCİ MECLİS GİZLİ CELSE ZABITLARI’NDA JANDARMA TEŞKİLATI HAKKINDA GÖRÜŞMELER (1920-1921)
Authors: ÇEVİK Zeki
Published: January 2021

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Türk Jandarması, Silahlı Kuvvetlerin yanında ve onun emrinde bir taraftan iç güvenliği sağlarken diğer taraftan da dış düşmanlara karşı birçok cephede savaştı. Jandarma, 13 Ekim 1918 tarihli nizamname ile teşkilat ve görevleri itibariyle yeniden düzenlendi. Ancak 30 Ekim 1918’de imzalanan Mondros Mütarekesi’nin ağır hükümleri, jandarma teşkilatında yapılması planlanan düzenlemelerin uygulanmasına engel oldu. 23 Nisan 1920’de Ankara’da açılan TBMM öncelikli olarak ülkede asayişi sağlamak için jandarmayı ele aldı. Önce Milli Müdafaa Vekâleti bünyesinde Umum Jandarma Kumandanlığını kurdu ve jandarma teşkilatının ıslahı çalışmalarına girişti. O dönemde İstanbul ve Ankara Hükümetlerine bağlı iki jandarma teşkilatının varlığı bu çalışmaları olumsuz etkiliyordu. Milli Mücadele döneminde Ankara’da TBMM ve onun hükümeti etki alanında jandarmanın ıslahı ve geliştirilmesine yönelik yoğun bir çalışma sergilemiştir. Özellikle gizli oturumlarda jandarma konusu her yönüyle tartışılmış ancak yeterince işlenmemiştir. Bu çalışmada amaç Türk Jandarma Teşkilatı tarihindeki bu eksikliği gidermektir. İç güvenliğin sağlanmasına çok önem veren TBMM, Milli Müdafaa Vekâleti bünyesinde Seyyar Jandarma Müfrezelerini kurdu. İç güvenlikten sorumlu jandarma ve polis kuvvetlerinin tek elden idaresi amacıyla Dâhiliye Vekâlet’ine bağlı olmak üzere 12 Aralık 1920 tarihinde İnzibat Umum Müdürlüğü kuruldu. Milli Mücadele yıllarında Jandarma birlikleri cephe gerisindeki kritik noktaların korunması, yol emniyetinin sağlanması ve her çeşit terörün ortadan kaldırılmasında başarılı olmaya çalıştı. Ancak bu konuda pek çok sıkıntı vardı. Yabancı işgallerine karşı Güney ve Batı Anadolu bölgelerinde oluşturulan Kuva-yı Milliye birliklerinin başında da büyük oranda jandarma subayları yer almıştı. Bozuk Jandarma teşkilatının yeniden düzenlenmesinde kadro sayısı ve para eksikliği baş meseleydi. Bu dönemde Jandarmalar hem iç cephede hem de yer yer dış cephede savaşmıştır. Pek çok aksaklıklara rağmen jandarma teşkilatı görevini yapmaya çalışmıştır. Bu konularda en yoğun tartışmalar Birinci TBMM’nin gizli oturumlarında yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Gizli Celse Zabıtlarında jandarma konusunun geçtiği yüzlerce sayfayı aşan görüşmelerin 1920-1921 dönemi incelenip değerlendirilmiştir.
شخصيات غائبة حاضرة في تحرير بيت المقدس
Authors: BOUSSELAM Anass
Published: December 2020

نتناول في المقال أبرز الشخصيات التاريخية التي ساهمت -بشكل غير مباشر- في تحرير بيت المقدس، وأولها مودود بن ألتونتكين باعتباره مثل رد الفعل الأول والمفاصلة مع العدو الصليبي، وثانيها عماد الدين زنكي (1127- 1146م) والذي شرع في توحيد الجبهة الإسلامية الداخلية وانتزع إمارة الرها سنة 1144م وبالتالي استرجاع المسلمين لعنصر الثقة، وثالثها الملك العادل نور الدين محمود بن عماد الدين زنكي (1146- 1174م) والذي استكمل توحيد الشام وضم مصر ووحد المشرق العربي تحت خلافة واحدة هي الخلافة العباسية. ونختتم المقال بما سميناه "شخصيات أخرى مساندة"، وهي نجم الدين أيوب والد صلاح الدين الأيوبي، ومعين الدين أنر أتابك دمشق، وأسد الدين شيركوه عم صلاح الدين الأيوبي، وأعظم قادة نور الدين زنكي.
ДОСЛІДНИК УМАНІ – ХРИСАНФ ЯЩУРЖИНСЬКИЙ
Authors: Лісовська Ольга
Published: December 2020

У статті зроблена спроба, на основі широкого фактичного матеріалу, висвітлити основні віхи життя та науково-громадської діяльності українського етнографа, археолога та краєзнавця Хрисанфа Петровича Ящуржинського. Охарактеризовано його роботу в навчальних закладах Криму, а також у наукових товариствах, у тому числі в Таврійській ученій архівній комісії, Історико-філологічному товаристві при Новоросійському університеті та ін. Автор поставив собі за мету розглянути основні віхи життя науковця, систематизувавши дані про родину Ящуржинських, показавши професійне становлення українського діяча, окресливши основні напрями педагогічної, наукової діяльності та народознавчої діяльність Хрисанфа Петровича. Разом з тим, наголошено на внеску науковця в дослідження Уманщини.Як висновок, зазначено, що у формуванні особистості та життєвої позиції Хрисанфа Ящуржинського вагому роль відіграла його родина та його мала Батьківщина. Педагог, етнограф, історик, археолог, фольклорист Ящуржинський є яскравим прикладом представника наукової інтелігенції кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ ст.
ДАНИЛО ДЕМУЦЬКИЙ В ІСТОРІЇ ТА КУЛЬТУРІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Кузнець Тетяна , Гончарук Ірина
Published: December 2020

У статті проаналізовано основні віхи життя та діяльності українського кінооператора та фотографа Данила Порфировича Демуцького. Підкреслено внесок Д. Демуцького у розвиток кінематографу України першої половини ХХ ст. Наголошується на тому, що незважаючи на нововведення внесені Данилом Порфировичем для професійного розвитку кінооператорів, його ім’я залишилося маловідомим у світлі діячів українського кінематографу та культури загалом. Результатом наукової розвідки є пробудження майже крізь століття тиші імені Данила Порфировича, як яскравого представника не тільки родини Демуцьких (відомої сім’ї, яка подарувала Україні двох відомих діячів мистецтва – батька Порфирія та сина Данила), а й як професіонала та борця за справу свого життя.
KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS VIII SMP MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK INDONESIA
Authors: Refianti Rani , Putriana Putriana , Rosalina Elya
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the ability of students to solve mathematical problems in mathematics learning using the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education Approach (PMRI). The data collection technique used the test technique which was analyzed using the t-test at the significant level α = 5%. From the results of the post-test students' problem solving abilities with indicators of understanding the problem by 93% were in the very good category, the indicators of making a completion plan were 73% in the good category, the indicators of implementing the plan were 65% in the good category and the indicators of checking the results were 25 % with less category. After participating in learning using the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education Approach (PMRI) the average post-test score was 70.35 with 5 excellent students, 12 good students and 6 good enough students.
Investigation of the effects of biofuels on vehicle performance and emissions
Authors: YILDIZ Muhammet , ÖZÇELİK Abdullah
Published: January 2021

Most of the world's energy needs are met from fossil sources. However, the decrease in fossil resources and the burning of the fuels obtained from these sources have negative aspects such as environmental pollution, acid rain or global warming. The sensitivity shown to the environment is directly related to the economic and welfare levels of the countries. Therefore, the amount of harmful substances that can be found in the exhaust emission in economically developed countries has been determined by standards. Due to such negative effects, studies are carried out on alternative energy sources. Alternative energy sources are a product that is released as a result of the reaction of vegetable oils or animal oils obtained from oilseed plants such as canola, sunflower, corn, cotton, camelina etc. with methanol, a short-chain alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst and used as fuel. Domestic frying oils and animal based oils can also be used as biodiesel raw materials. The eurodiesel fuel used in diesel engines is the main energy source for transportation and freight transportation. Biodiesel produced from oils are important alternative fuels for diesel engines. In this study, the effects of vehicles using different biofuels and mixtures in our country and the world on the chassis dynamometer were investigated, especially on vehicle performance and emissions.
Percepciones de un grupo de estudiantes de pedagogía, de 4º y 5º año, de tres universidades de Santiago de Chile, respecto de su formación y futuro profesional.
Authors: Martínez Jaime
Published: December 2020

The main questions that this report refers to are the perceptions of a group of 4th and 5th year pedagogy students from three universities of Santiago, regarding their professional training and the repercussion that this could bring in their working performance, considering the new scenario provided by the latest teacher degree implemented in Chile during 2016. To do this, a self-application questionnaire was used which was analyzed through a matrix of textualities that were eventually interpreted and described. The main findings tell us about topics such as university certification, link of the institution to the academic environment and research are not handled properly by the students. Additionally, their perceptions are critical towards the methodologies used by university teachers in relation to the school world. Nevertheless, they value (in the case of two of the participating universities) that there are early professional practices that allow them to discover how the teacher environment works and to focus on their professional vocation. In summary, the contrast between the school world makes the young students to problematize and discuss their formation, correlating it with the current scenario of the career to become teacher, its sense and process.
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF BLOOD NEUTROPHILS AND PERITONEAL EXUDATE IN PATIENTS WITH PERITONITIS
Authors: Stasenko A.
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study is to investigate the functional properties of neutrophils in the blood and peritoneal exudate in patients with peritonitis. Materials and methods. The metabolic activity of neutrophils determined in patients with peritonitis and in patients of the control groups in the blood, peritoneal exudate and effusion of the abdominal wall on the 1–2 day of the postoperative period in the Sp and St test with nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), as well as reserve indicator (RI) of metabolic activity. We studied the percentage of active neutrophils in the phagocytosis –PhI ( index) and the number of absorbed Candida albicans particles on average by one neutrophil –PhN(number). Results and their discussion.The peculiarities of the cellular factors of local protection decreased metabolic activity of neutrophils in the abdominal cavity in the Sp NBT test compared to blood neutrophils and an increased reserve during stimulation. For the comparisons which included the activity of neutrophils abdominal contents in patients with peritonitis versus in control established that neutrophils in the abdominal cavity with peritonitis have a reduced intensity of phagocytosis. Patients with pancreatic peritonitis have inverse correlations between the amount of NBT-positive blood NG in the SP NBT test and IR of blood NG and between the amount of NBT-positive blood NG in the Sp NST test and PhI of blood NG, while patients with abdominal peritonitis do not have correlations between indicators of innate defense of the body. Conclusions. Peritonitis was associated with functional disorders of NG. The leading areas of disorders are significant activation of metabolic processes of NG and inhibition of the phagocytic function of NG blood and peritoneal exudate. Patients with pancreatic peritonitis had inverse correlations between the indicators of the innate defense of the body, while patients with abdominal peritonitis did not have correlations.
FEATURES TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC OVERACTIVE BLADDER WITHOUT DETRUSOR OVERACTIVITY
Authors: Dekhtiar Yu. М. , Kostyev F. I. , Zalyva K. A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The basis syndrome Overactive Bladder (OB) is detrusor overactivity (DO) – urodynamic concept that refers to spontaneous or provoked by involuntary detrusor contractions during the filling phase Bladder. Currently, there are two main forms of DO: neurogenic and idiopathic. The purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of monotherapy with M-anticholinergic Tolterodine tartrate and its combined administration with the cyclic structural analogue of g-aminobutyric acid Gabantin in patients with idiopathic overactive bladder without detrusor overactivity (IOB). Object and methods. Patients were divided into two groups: group A – 31 patients (19 patients with IOB without Urinary Incontinence (UI) and 12 patients with UI and group B – 32 patients (21 patients with IOB without UI and 11 patients with UI). According to the study design, patients in group A were prescribed M-anticholinergic therapy Tolterodine tartra. Patients in group B received combined therapy with Tolterodin tartrate and Gabapentin for a total course for 8 weeks. Results and discussions. Analysis of the results in group A showed that this type of treatment does not lead to significant improvement. However, 3 patients (9.67 %) had a good result, and 7 patients (22.58 %) had a satisfactory result, the rest (21 patients, 67.74 %) had an unsatisfactory result. But among patients in the group B general, a satisfactory result of treatment was noted in 24 (75 %) patients. An unsatisfactory result was observed in 8 (25 %) patients. Conclusions. Monotherapy with M-anticholinergic in patients with IOB and the absence of DO has little effectiveness and is implemented mainly by reducing Pollakiuria. The symptoms of Urgency are resolved moderately (in 22.58 % of patients) and extremely rarely in full (in 9.67 % of patients). The proposed method of treatment by the combined administration of Tolterodine tartrate and Gabapentin allows to achieve a significantly more pronounced clinical effect manifested in a decrease in Pollakiuria by 64.17 %, Nocturia by 82.18 % and Urgency by 81.40% and UI by 80.66 %.
MECHANISMS OF ANALEPTIC AND ANTIGYPOXIC EFFECTS OF HETEROSIDES - DERIVATIVES OF SULFUR AND NITROGEN-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLES
Authors: Kabachna I. V. , Kabachnyy V. I. , Drohovoz S. M.
Published: December 2020

In order to expand the theoretical basis of the purposeful search of analeptics, the awakening and antihypoxic properties of heteroside-21, heteroside-31 (derivatives of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles) were studied and the mechanisms of their action were established. Sodium thiopental (42 mg/kg) was used to simulate suppression of the respiratory and vascular centers of the brain. The comparison drugs were – sulfocamphocaine (SCC) with combined analeptic action (20 mg/kg) and the antihypoxic drug piracetam (300 mg/kg). The results were obtained on the models of thiopental anesthesia and normobaric hypoxia with hypercapnia. The analysis of data allowed to count qualitatively and quantitatively the arousing and antihypoxic activity of new substances and classical drugs; their effect on the respiratory center of the brain and behavioral responses of animals; theoretically substantiate, experimentally confirm and establish aerobic, anaerobic and detoxification mechanisms of realization of effects in various conditions; to formulate the theoretical bases of purposeful search of universal analeptics and antihypoxic drugs and offer an instrumental-methodological complex for their experimental reproduction.
A AÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA DO PROFESSOR FRENTE A ABORDAGEM BILINGUE: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA FORMATIVA EM LIBRAS
Authors: Lima Jaqueline Costa da Silva , Diodato José Roniero , Andrade Lúcio Costa de , Santos Layse Da Costa , Nascimento Ayrton Matheus Da Silva
Published: December 2020

Este artigo traz uma reflexão sobre a importância da ação do professor frente a abordagem bilíngue enquanto uma experiência formativa em Libras (Língua Brasileira de Sinais) e seus impactos no desenvolvimento escolar do sujeito surdo. A pesquisa é de caráter bibliográfico, no qual utilizamos a análise documental de autores que discutem sobre o tema dentre eles destacam-se Fernandes e Reis (2019), Perlin (2010), Quadros (2011) e das bases legislativas que direcionam e asseguram a educação inclusiva no Brasil. É possível compreender que pelo fato de vivermos em uma sociedade com uma língua majoritária oral auditiva, cabe aos que vivem nela adequarem-se linguisticamente. E, neste caso os surdos que usam uma língua visual-espacial, a Libras, considerados uma minoria linguística, ou seja, usam uma língua inferior. Nesse viés, é relevante abordar discussões acerca dos aspectos sobre a formação continuada dos professores em Libras, visto que cada vez mais alunos surdos estão ingressando em escolas de ensino regular e uma abordagem bilíngue seria o primeiro passo para que o desenvolvimento do aluno surdo ocorresse de forma satisfatória, uma vez que é necessário também que o professor tenha conhecimento acerca das metodologias de ensino inclusivas alinhadas com a cultura surda fator fundamental para formação dos processos identitários e culturais. Por vez, ficou claro que os profissionais que trabalham com surdos precisam refletir sobre a importância da Libras em processo de ensino e aprendizagem e a partir disso começarem a mudar as metodologias aplicadas em sala de aula e assim contribuir de forma significativa para a alfabetização desses sujeitos numa perspectiva bilíngue.
Investigating the Role of the Text by which Religious Practices are Projected in the Local and Imported Textbooks
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad , Naeem Muhammad , Younus Noshaba
Published: January 2021

The current study is an attempt to notice and compare the results of foreign and local religious practices present in selected Pakistani and imported English textbooks prescribed for students of Punjab (Pakistan). The content analysis was employed to find out the percentages of categories and subcategories of reading passages and exercises of the prescribed English textbooks in this research. For relevant data collection, an eclectic model was devised as some of the major categories with slight modification were taken from Stern, H.H. (1983) model in which he proposed six aspects of culture teaching. While in the formation of sub-categories the researcher has employed his own teaching experience. Religious performances are separated into five subcategories equally in the two textbooks such as religious beliefs and rewards, politeness/courtesy/good manners, sacrifice, rituals/festivals and moral ethics. Results and findings of the study indicate that the Oxford textbook has not included a single text reference to a primary or secondary religious action occurring in contemporary target or native life and society.
Exploring the Socio-economic Factors of Career Decision-Making among Tertiary Education Students in South Punjab
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Farooq Muhammad , Mehmood Babak
Published: January 2021

The main objectives of this study were to find the enticing factors of career decision making process among tertiary level students in south Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected through a survey, and quantitative methods were used for analysis to present evidence to verify the research hypothesis of this study. The many enticing factors were assessed through a structured questionnaire. Family background, family system, parental cultural capital, household income level, parental occupations, peer group influence on the career decision-making process, all these factors of career decision making the process of the students were observed through a structured questionnaire. In order to obtain an overall picture of the data, a descriptive analysis was applied to frequencies distribution; bivariate analysis was used for establishing the relationship between the independent and dependent variables of the current study. Pearson Chi-Square test was showed that there is an association between parental cultural capital and career decision-making among tertiary education students.
Relationship Between the Family Roles and Attachment Styles Among Adult Children of Alcoholic Fathers in Pakistan
Authors: Suneel Ivan , Suneel Elizabeth Schwaiger , Anthoney Sarah
Published: January 2021

Studies suggest that alcoholism is on the rise around the world, with many individuals facing the damaging consequences of this affliction. Children of Alcoholics (COAs) deal with several psychosocial issues that manifest themselves in the forms of defense mechanisms, or roles which affect their attachment styles and personal relationships. Purposive sampling was used on 398 participants (201 males, 197 females). The first one was for the participants (18 to 25 age range, the minimum level of education: tenth grade). The second was the fathers of the adult children, admitted in rehabilitation for alcoholism. The third foundation for setting the criteria was the family (a nuclear family system and has at least three siblings). A chisquare test for independence was significant [x2 (8, N = 398) = 433.551, p < .001], indicating that adult COAs with specific attachment styles are prone to take on certain roles within the family.
Recurrent high-grade glioma surgery: a multimodal intraoperative protocol to safely increase extent of tumor resection and analysis of its impact on patient outcome
Authors: Vincenzo Barbagallo Giuseppe Maria , Certo Francesco , Di Gregorio Stefania , Maione Massimiliano , Garozzo Marco , Peschillo Simone , Altieri Roberto
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

No consensus exists on the best treatment for recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG), particularly in terms of surgical indications, and scant data are available on the integrated use of multiple technologies to overcome intraoperative limits and pitfalls related to artifacts secondary to previous surgery and radiotherapy. Here, the authors report on their experience with the integration of multiple intraoperative tools in recurrent HGG surgery, analyzing their pros and cons as well as their effectiveness in increasing the extent of tumor resection. In addition, they present a review of the relevant literature on this topic.

METHODS

The authors reviewed all cases in which recurrent HGG had been histologically diagnosed after a first surgery and the patient had undergone a second surgery involving neuronavigation with MRI, intraoperative CT (iCT), 11C-methionine–positron emission tomography (11C-MET-PET), 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM), and intraoperative navigated ultrasound (iUS). All cases were classified according to tumor functional grade (1, noneloquent area; 2, near an eloquent area; 3, eloquent area).

RESULTS

Twenty patients with recurrent HGG were operated on using a multimodal protocol. The recurrent tumor functional grade was 1 in 4 patients, 2 in 8 patients, and 3 in the remaining 8 patients. In all patients but 2, 100% EOTR was obtained. Intraoperative 5-ALA fluorescence and navigated iUS showed low specificity and sensitivity. iCT detected tumor remnants in 3 cases. Postoperatively, 6 patients (30%) had worsening neurological conditions: 4 recovered within 90 days, 1 partially recovered, and 1 experienced a permanent deficit. The median Karnofsky Performance Status remained substantially unchanged over the follow-up period. The mean progression-free survival after the second surgery was 7.7 months (range 2–11 months). The mean overall survival was 25.4 months (range 10–52 months), excluding 2 long survivors. Two patients died within 60 days after surgery, and 3 patients were still under follow-up at the end of this study.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study reporting the integration of neuronavigation, 5-ALA fluorescence, iUS, iCT, 11C-MET-PET, and IOM during microsurgical resection of recurrent glioma. The authors believe that the proposed multimodal protocol is useful to increase the safety, effectiveness, and EOTR in patients with recurrent HGG and brain alterations secondary to radio- and chemotherapy.
Intraoperative surveillance of the vertebral artery using indocyanine green angiography and Doppler sonography in craniovertebral junction surgeries
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Park Jong Hyeok , Lee Jung Jae , Lee Jong Beom , Lee Ho Jin , Kim Il Sup , Hur Jung Woo , Hong Jae Taek
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

The authors sought to evaluate the usefulness of indocyanine green (ICG) angiography and Doppler sonography for monitoring the vertebral artery (VA) during craniovertebral junction (CVJ) surgery and compare the incidence of VA injury (VAI) between the groups with and without the monitoring of VA using ICG angiography and Doppler sonography.

METHODS

In total, 344 consecutive patients enrolled who underwent CVJ surgery. Surgery was performed without intraoperative VA monitoring tools in 262 cases (control group) and with VA monitoring tools in 82 cases (monitoring group). The authors compared the incidence of VAI between groups. The procedure times of ICG angiography, change of VA flow velocity measured by Doppler sonography, and complication were investigated.

RESULTS

There were 4 VAI cases in the control group, and the incidence of VAI was 1.5%. Meanwhile, there were no VAI cases in the monitoring group. The procedure time of ICG angiography was less than 5 minutes (mean [± SD] 4.6 ± 2.1 minutes) and VA flow velocity was 11.2 ± 4.5 cm/sec. There were several cases in which the surgical method had to be changed depending on the VA monitoring. The combined use of ICG angiography and Doppler sonography was useful not only to monitor VA patency but also to assess the quality of blood flow during CVJ surgery, especially in the high-risk group of patients.

CONCLUSIONS

The combined use of ICG angiography and Doppler sonography enables real-time intraoperative monitoring of the VA by detecting blood flow and flow velocity. As the arteries get closer, they provide auditory and visual feedback to the surgeon. This real-time image guidance could be a useful tool, especially for high-risk patients and inexperienced surgeons, to avoid iatrogenic VAI during any CVJ surgery.
Augmented reality–assisted ventriculostomy
Authors: Schneider Max , Kunz Christian , Pal’a Andrej , Wirtz Christian Rainer , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska , Hlaváč Michal
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

Placement of a ventricular drain is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures. However, a higher rate of successful placements with this freehand procedure is desirable. The authors’ objective was to develop a compact navigational augmented reality (AR)–based tool that does not require rigid patient head fixation, to support the surgeon during the operation.

METHODS

Segmentation and tracking algorithms were developed. A commercially available Microsoft HoloLens AR headset in conjunction with Vuforia marker-based tracking was used to provide guidance for ventriculostomy in a custom-made 3D-printed head model. Eleven surgeons conducted a series of tests to place a total of 110 external ventricular drains under holographic guidance. The HoloLens was the sole active component; no rigid head fixation was necessary. CT was used to obtain puncture results and quantify success rates as well as precision of the suggested setup.

RESULTS

In the proposed setup, the system worked reliably and performed well. The reported application showed an overall ventriculostomy success rate of 68.2%. The offset from the reference trajectory as displayed in the hologram was 5.2 ± 2.6 mm (mean ± standard deviation). A subgroup conducted a second series of punctures in which results and precision improved significantly. For most participants it was their first encounter with AR headset technology and the overall feedback was positive.

CONCLUSIONS

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on marker-based, AR-guided ventriculostomy. The results from this first application are encouraging. The authors would expect good acceptance of this compact navigation device in a supposed clinical implementation and assume a steep learning curve in the application of this technique. To achieve this translation, further development of the marker system and implementation of the new hardware generation are planned. Further testing to address visuospatial issues is needed prior to application in humans.
Predicting meningioma consistency and brain-meningioma interface with intraoperative strain ultrasound elastography: a novel application to guide surgical strategy
Authors: Della Pepa Giuseppe Maria , Menna Grazia , Stifano Vito , Pezzullo Angelo Maria , Auricchio Anna Maria , Rapisarda Alessandro , Caccavella Valerio Maria , La Rocca Giuseppe , Sabatino Giovanni , Marchese Enrico , Olivi Alessandro
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

Providing new tools to improve surgical planning is considered a main goal in meningioma treatment. In this context, two factors are crucial in determining operating strategy: meningioma-brain interface and meningioma consistency. The use of intraoperative ultrasound (ioUS) elastosonography, a real-time imaging technique, has been introduced in general surgery to evaluate similar features in other pathological settings such as thyroid and prostate cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate ioUS elastosonography in the intraoperative prediction of key intracranial meningioma features and to evaluate its application in guiding surgical strategy.

METHODS

An institutional series of 36 meningiomas studied with ioUS elastosonography is reported. Elastographic data, intraoperative surgical findings, and corresponding preoperative MRI features were classified, applying a score from 0 to 2 to both meningioma consistency and meningioma-brain interface. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the degree of agreement between meningioma elastosonographic features and surgical findings, and whether intraoperative elastosonography was a better predictor than preoperative MRI in assessing meningioma consistency and slip-brain interface, using intraoperative findings as the gold standard.

RESULTS

A significantly high degree of reliability and agreement between ioUS elastographic scores and surgical finding scores was reported (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.848, F = 12.147, p < 0.001). When analyzing both consistency and brain-tumor interface, ioUS elastography proved to have a rather elevated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and positive (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR−). This consideration was true especially for meningiomas with a hard consistency (sensitivity = 0.92, specificity = 0.96, PPV = 0.92, NPV = 0.96, LR+ = 22.00, LR− = 0.09) and for those presenting with an adherent slip-brain interface (sensitivity = 0.76, specificity = 0.95, PPV = 0.93, NPV = 0.82, LR+ = 14.3, LR− = 0.25). Furthermore, predictions derived from ioUS elastography were found to be more accurate than MRI-derived predictions, as demonstrated by McNemar’s test results in both consistency (p < 0.001) and interface (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

While external validation of the data is needed to transform ioUS elastography into a fully deployable clinical tool, this experience confirmed that it may be integrated into meningioma surgical planning, especially because of its rapidity and cost-effectiveness.
Combined strategies on the treatment of cerebellar arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Dellaretti Marcos , da Silveira Diego , Ferreira Junior Tancredo Alcântara
Published: January 2021

Cerebellar arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) comprise 10%–15% of all intracranial AVMs and have a higher risk for morbidity and mortality than supratentorial AVMs. Patients with cerebellar AVMs present with hemorrhage more often than patients with cerebral AVMs, justifying an interventional treatment. Patient outcome can be predicted with specific grade systems, guiding vascular neurosurgeons in decision-making. The authors present the case of a 42-year-old man incidentally diagnosed with an unruptured cerebellar inferior vermian AVM, which was managed through a combined strategy of preoperative endovascular embolization of the main arterial feeders followed by microsurgical resection via midline suboccipital craniotomy, with a favorable outcome.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/3WESejZbk90
Endoscopic-assisted parieto-occipital interhemispheric precuneal transtentorial approach for microsurgical resection of vermian arteriovenous malformation: operative video and technical nuances
Authors: Zhao Kevin , Quillin Joseph , Liu James K.
Published: January 2021

In this illustrative video, the authors demonstrate resection of a superior vermian arteriovenous malformation (AVM) using the endoscopic-assisted parieto-occipital interhemispheric precuneal transtentorial approach. Lateral positioning allows for gravity-assisted access to the interhemispheric fissure without retractors. The parieto-occipital trajectory is useful in patients who have a steep tentorial angle and avoids manipulation of the occipital lobe and visual cortex. In addition, the authors utilize an angled endoscope, which allows full inspection of the resection bed after AVM removal to visualize areas hidden from the microsurgical view to minimize the chance of residual disease in a deep corridor with multiple visual obstructions.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/hk9nIIdtqbI
Microsurgical resection of an anterior medullary arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Catapano Joshua S. , Singh Rohin , Srinivasan Visish M. , Lawton Michael T.
Published: January 2021

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the brainstem, specifically medullary AVMs, are exceedingly rare and difficult to treat. These lesions are commonly more aggressive than supratentorial AVMs and pose their own unique treatment challenges. Current treatment options for these AVMs consist of endovascular embolization or open surgery. Radiosurgery is not favored because it is associated with potential risk to the brainstem and lower obliteration rates. Here the authors report the case of a 27-year-old man with a ruptured anterior medullary AVM. The patient underwent a successful far-lateral craniotomy for resection of the AVM.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/lyOfOQ3sBdU
Sitting supracerebellar infratentorial approach for resection of posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Joyce Evan , Grandhi Ramesh , Couldwell William T.
Published: January 2021

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the posterior fossa represent just 5%–15% of all intracranial AVMs. Rupture often leads to devastating brainstem compression, with mortality reported as high as 67%. A life-saving decompressive craniectomy with or without hematoma evacuation may be necessary in the acute setting to alleviate mass effect before proceeding with definitive treatment of the vascular pathology. Here, the authors demonstrate the utility of using a generously sized temporizing decompressive suboccipital craniectomy to subsequently allow for a more judicious resection of a Spetzler-Martin grade III AVM fed by the right superior cerebellar artery using a sitting supracerebellar infratentorial approach.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/L195wmw3p_4
Giant diffuse cerebellar AVM: managing ultimate intraoperative challenges
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A.
Published: January 2021

Surgery within the posterior cranial fossa uniquely requires excellence in microsurgical technique, given the complexity of the neurovascular structures housed within this region. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) within this region represent the greatest surgical challenge because of the difficulty in resecting an AVM completely while preserving the highly eloquent surrounding structures. The AVM in this video exemplifies a surgeon’s “most challenging case,” a surgery that spanned two stages, including 14 hours of resection, but concluded with complete resection despite the complexity of deep arterial and dural feeders.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/WNBuwFHSrQ0