bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of novel β-CD/P(AA-co-AM) hydrogels by frontal polymerization
Authors: Li Bin , Qin Haibo , Ma Ming , Xu Xiaojia , Zhou Mengjing , Hao Wenrui , Hu Zhigang
Published: November 2022

In this paper, betaine (Bet) was used as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) were used as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and mixed to form a deep eutectic solvent (DES). Different concentrations of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were dispersed in DES, and a novel β-CD/P(AA-Co-AM) hydrogel was prepared by frontal polymerization (FP). Characteristic structure and morphology of the hydrogels were analyzed using Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the properties of the hydrogels were investigated. The results show that the mechanical properties of the hydrogel were improved by β-CD acting as a second cross-linking agent in the polymerization process, thus increasing the cross-link density of the hydrogel. Because the carboxyl groups contained in acrylic acid dissociate under alkaline conditions, the composite hydrogel shows excellent pH responsiveness under alkaline conditions. Tetracycline hydrochloride was used as a drug model to test the drug loading and drug release performance of hydrogels. With the increase of β-CD content, the loading capacity of hydrogels to tetracycline hydrochloride gradually increased. The data of drug release indicated that the hydrogel has good drug delivery performance and has promising applications in drug delivery systems and other areas.
Comparison of serum levels of SIL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CRP, ESR and fibrinogen in patients with active and inactive Behçet’s disease
Authors: AVCI Ali Osman
Published: November 2022

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory illness that affects the entire body and is characterized by recurring episodes of oral aphthae, ocular and cutaneous lesions, and scrotal or vaginal ulcerations. The involvement of other organs and systems increases mortality in addition to the significant morbidity. This study involved a total of 40 participants, 20 of whom were healthy controls and 20 of whom were patients (of the 20 Behçet's patients, 12 (60%) were in the active phase and 8 (40%) were in the inactive phase). There was no therapy being given to any of the 20 patients that would have affected their cytokine levels. Only young men made up the patient and control groups because both early onset and male sex are signs of poor prognosis. The ELISA method was used to measure the levels of serum cytokines. The statistical analysis of the derived numerical values employed the Mann-Whitney U Test. We found a significant correlation between serum cytokine levels and classical acute phase markers in active Behçet’s patients. ESR (P < 0,001), CRP (P < 0,001), fibrinogen (P < 0,001), IL-10 (P < 0,001), IL-6 (P < 0,001), SIL-2R (P < 0,001) and TNFα (P < 0,001). There was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of classical acute phase markers ESR (P = 0,746), CRP (P = 0,476) and fibrinogen (P = 0,940) when inactive Behçet’s patients and healthy controls were compared. However, serum levels of IL-10 (P < 0,001), IL-6 (P = 0,001), SIL-2R (P < 0,001) and TNFα (P = 0,001) were statistically different between inactive Behcet's patients and the control group. Our research shows that even in the inactive phase, serum cytokine levels of Behçet’s patients are much higher than the healthy control group. However, the levels of ESR, CRP and fibrinogen, which are classical acute phase markers, were found at normal levels in Behçet’s patients in the inactive phase. These findings show that measurement of serum interleukin levels will enable us to take preventive measures for morbidity and mortality follow-up of Behçet's patients.
Geogenic Particles Induce Bronchial Susceptibility to NTHi
Authors: Williams Lewis J , Tristram Stephen G , Zosky Graeme R
Published: November 2022

Exposure to geogenic (earth-derived) particulate matter (PM) is linked to an increased prevalence of bronchiectasis and other respiratory infections in Australian Indigenous communities. Experimental studies have shown that the concentration of iron in geogenic PM is associated with the magnitude of respiratory health effects, however, the mechanism is unclear. We investigated the effect of geogenic PM and iron oxide on the invasiveness of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages or epithelial cell lines (A549 & BEAS-2B) were exposed to whole geogenic PM, their primary constituents (haematite, magnetite or silica) or diesel exhaust particles (DEP). The uptake of bacteria was quantified by flow cytometry and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on NTHi strains. Geogenic PM increased the invasiveness of NTHi in bronchial epithelial cells. Of the primary constituents, haematite also increased NTHi invasion with magnetite or silica having significantly less impact. Furthermore, we observed varying levels of invasiveness amongst NTHi isolates. WGS analysis suggested isolates with more genes associated with heme acquisition were more virulent in BEAS-2B cells. The present study suggests that geogenic particles can increase the susceptibility of bronchial epithelial cells to select bacterial pathogens in vitro, a response primarily driven by haematite content in the dust. This demonstrates a potential mechanism linking exposure to iron-laden geogenic PM and high rates of chronic respiratory infections in remote communities in arid environments.
Left Ventricle Epicardial vs. Right Ventricular Septal Pacing in Congenital Heart Block: A 2-D Strain Speckle Imaging for Assessment of Left Ventricle Function
Authors: Rivera Diana Milagros Torpoco , Sri Chenni , Karpawich Peter P. , Aggarwal Sanjeev
Published: November 2022

Background
Chronic right ventricular (RV) apical pacing in patients with congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB) is associated with left ventricle (LV) dyssynchrony and dysfunction. Hence, alternative pacing sites are advocated. The aim of this study was to compare LV function using STE in selected patients with LV epicardial pacing (LVEp) vs. RV transvenous pacing (RVSp).
Methods
This was a single center, retrospective study in patients with CCAVB who underwent permanent pacemaker implant at age ≤ 18 years. Age- and gender-matched patients with a normal heart anatomy and function served as control group. LV function was comprehensively assessed by conventional 2D Echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).
Results:
We included 24 patients in the pacemaker group [27.6% male, mean age of 17.1 at last follow-up, follow-up duration of 8.7 years, RVSp (n = 9; 62.5%)] compared to 48 matched healthy controls. Shortening fraction (SF) and ejection fraction (EF) were normal and similar between cases and controls. However, STE detected abnormal LV function in the pacemaker group compared to controls. The former demonstrated lower/abnormal, PLS Myo (-12.0 ± 3.3 vs. -18.1 ± 1.9, p < 0.001) and PLS endo (-16.1 ± 4.1 vs. -21.7 ± 1.7, p < 0.001). STE parameters of LV function were significantly more abnormal in LVEp vs. RVSp subgroup as demonstated by lower values for PLS Myo (-10.1 ± 3.2 vs. -13.1 ± 2.9, p = 0.03) and PLS Endo (-13.8 ± 4.4 vs. -17.5 ± 3.3, p = 0.03).
Conclusions:
LV dysfunction was better adjudicated by STE than 2D echocardiographic measurements (EF and SF) in our selected patients with CCAVB and permanent pacemaker. Furthermore, STE demonstrated that transvenous RV septal pacing was associated with better LV systolic function preservation than LV epicardial pacing for comparable post-implant intervals.
Temperature effect of MosesTM 2.0 during flexible ureteroscopy: an in vitro assessment
Authors: Villena José M. , Elorrieta Vicente , Salvadó José A.
Published: November 2022

Background: One of the main issues related to the use of high-power lasers is the associated rise in temperature. The aim of this study was to characterize temperature variations with activation of the MosesTM 2.0 laser.
Materials and Methods: An in vitro experimental study was designed using a high-fidelity uretero-nephroscope simulation model to assess changes in temperature during intracorporeal laser lithotripsy. Renal and ureteral temperature records were obtained from the treatment of BegoStones positioned in the renal pelvis. Different laser settings over three time periods and two possible irrigation flow speeds were evaluated. We considered 43 °C as the threshold since it is associated with denaturation of proteins. The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used to assess quantitative variables and the Kruskal–Wallis test for categorical variables.
Results: The highest increase in intrarenal temperature was reached with 30 seconds of laser activation at a laser setting of 0.5 J/100 Hz (50 W) and a flow of 10 mL/min. Only 15 seconds of activation was sufficient for most settings to exceed 43 °C. The ureteral temperature did not increase significantly, regardless of the combination of laser setting, time, or irrigation flow, except when 30 W was used for a 30 second period. Multivariate analysis showed that an irrigation flow of 20 mL/min produced an intrarenal temperature decrease of 4.7–9.2 °C (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Use of high-power lasers, both for the ureter and kidney, should involve consideration of temperature increases evidenced in this study, due to the potential biological risk entailed.
Evaluating the effectiveness of sustainable aviation in the Middle East: A study of two UAE-based carriers
Authors: Bahman Nahed , Shaker Mahmood
Published: November 2022

The Middle East aviation industry comprises 4.5 percent of the global aviation market, thanks to its strategic location between all the continents of the world and its position as a hub connecting the European and Asia-Pacific markets. The UAE is the biggest aviation market in the Middle East, with a 45 percent share of the region’s aviation sector. This study evaluates the effectiveness of sustainable aviation in the Middle East by analysing the sustainability measures and strategies of two of the UAE’s biggest carriers: Emirates Airline and Etihad Airways. Thematic analysis of the sustainability reports of the two carriers identified the environmental impacts of their operations and their measures and strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in compliance with ICAO and IATA policies and targets within the 3 pillars of sustainability: economic, social, and environmental. Emirates Airline’s reports revealed a clearly focused and ambitious drive to reduce environmental impacts using globally accepted honest and transparent accounting and reporting practices, whereas Etihad Airways’ report lacked details and did not signify a positive corporate social responsibility policy. Emirates Airline, unlike Etihad, reported on the emissions of NOx, CO, and UHCs below 3,000 feet, using ICAO’s landing/take-off (LTO) cycle. Also, Emirates Airline completed its first Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) emissions report for 2019 and was finalising the audited report for 2020, while Etihad Airways will be obliged to purchase carbon credits to offset post-2020 absolute emissions, if it fails to meet targets for the voluntary pilot phase beginning in 2021. Finally, Etihad introduced sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from various sources into its energy mix, and Emirates reported aircraft fuel consumption, fuel efficiency and CO2 efficiency due to increased use of SAF. The study concludes that, despite the strategies and measures reported, the chances that both airlines would achieve 2050 net zero emissions target remain slim.
A high-throughput method for precise phenotyping sugarcane stalk mechanical strength using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Shen Yinjuan , Adnan Muhammad , Ma Fumin , Kong Liyuan , Wang Maoyao , Jiang Fuhong , Hu Qian , Yao Wei , Zhou Yongfang , Zhang Muqing , Huang Jiangfeng
Published: November 2022

Background: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the core crop for sugar and bioethanol production over the world. A major problem in sugarcane production is stalk lodging due to weak mechanical strength. Since there are no efficient methods for determining stalk mechanical strength in sugarcane, genetic approaches for improving stalk lodging resistance are largely limited. This study was designed to use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration assay to accurately assess mechanical strength on a high-throughput basis for the first time.
Results: Hundreds of sugarcane germplasms were harvested at the mature stage in the year of 2019 and 2020. In terms of determining rind penetrometer resistance (RPR) and breaking force, large variations of mechanical strength were found in the sugarcane stalk internodes, based on well-established laboratory measurements. Through partial least square regression analysis, two online NIRS models were established with a high coefficient of determination (R2) and the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) values during calibration, internal cross-validation, and external validation. Remarkably, the equation for RPR exhibited R2 and RPD values as high as 1.00 and 17.7, as well as showing relatively low root mean square error values at 0.44 N mm-2 during global modeling, demonstrating excellent predictive performance.
Conclusions: This study delivered a successful attempt for rapid and precise prediction of mechanical strength in sugarcane stalk by NIRS assay. By using these established models, genetic improvements could be made to phenotyping jobs for large-scale sugarcane germplasm.
Distribution, local use, and bio-prospecting opportunity of Ocimum americanum L around North Western part of Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Merawi Edeget , Birhanu Taye
Published: November 2022

Ocimum americanum encompasses various uses. In Ethiopia, the plant is claimed as a food additive for its aromatic effect on different foods and folk medicine for various complaints. However, the plant genetic resource use category, distribution and their associated community knowledge have not been properly and systematically documented and utilized. Consequently, this survey was performed to explore the bio-prospecting opportunity of Ocimum americanum, and its associated community knowledge to provide baseline data for bio-digging companies. Purposive and proportional samplings were jointly used to select districts, villages, users, and growers who participated in the study. Dembiya, Gonder Zuria, Takusa, Alefa, Bahir Dar city, and Bahir Dar Zuria districts were selected based on growing potential and user’s availability. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and field observation. The community used Ocimum americanum for various purposes; for ailment treatment (31.67%), food flavor (26.6%), food preservative (7.7%), and to give aroma to different foods (8.33%). 31.67% of the respondents replied as they are a user group of the plant for its ethno-medicinal purpose whereas the remaining 68.34% of them claimed as they are not used for medical purposes. They used to treat depression (10.83%), tuberculosis (1.67%), cancer (0.83%), swelling (4.17%), stomach ache (2.5%), diabetes (0.83%), intestinal worm (1.67%), stomach ulcer (1.67%) and evil spirit (6.67%). Concoction (21.05%), cutting and inserting whole plant (15.79%), grinding (15.79%), melting (5.26%), Fumigation (10.53%) and smelling (31.58%) were used as methods of preparation and administration. Medicinal dosage is not quantized and varied up to users based on the intensity and the severity of the disease. A total of nine typical basil spiced traditional foods were listed. The highest fidelity level [a particular use category] of basil was food flavor (18.33%) followed by similar result [18.33%] for Food flavor/preservative. The output of the direct matrix analysis was showed Chilli pepper spice was the preferred local foods sweetened by basil for its various purposes by the local people followed by hot-spiced pepper. Therefore, the present survey, inferred the community traditionally use basil for its aromatic, preservative, flavor, and ailment treatment role. The plant is ‘neglected’ while, as an effective traditional medicinal plant against intestinal, dermal, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. Hence, novel genetic resources should be further researched and promoted for their versatile use. It gives a clue for bio-prospecting companies working on food and pharmacological industries to access the associated local knowledge and practices documented as well as the plant genetic resource to search for new biochemical compounds responsible for medicinal, preservative, and the aromatic effect.
FRAMING ANTI-AMERICAN SENTIMENT AND ITS IMPACTS ON TWO MUSLIM COUNTRIES
Authors: Jati Wasisto Raharjo
Published: November 2022

The term “anti-American” sounds debatable in analyzing the relationship between Islamic world and United States. This term arguably stems from Huntington’s thesis on clash of civilization, which argued that the culture is the main belligerent instead of countries in the conflict. Two main cultures: the contrast between the West and Islam often eventually shapes the rivalry relationship between these two civilizations. Investigating the persistence rivalry between the two through critical literature review method, this article tries to answer the question of why Muslims are still hostile to American culture. It further argues that that media, which are mostly from Middle Eastern countries, have essential in shaping the fluctuated trend of anti-American sentiment among Muslims. This heavily depends on the impact of US foreign policy on Arab that might precipitates anti-American sentiments.
Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Relapses Development
Authors: Abilbayeva A. A. , Tarabayeva A. S. , Okhas I. M. , Kuashova D. K. , Khaertynova I. M. , Shuralev E. A.
Published: November 2022

The objective: to identify socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory factors associated with tuberculosis recurrence.

Subjects and Methods. Clinical and laboratory data of 208 TB patients treated at the National Scientific Center for Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan were analyzed.

IL-2 to the AlaDH was assessed using test platforms Lionex GmbH (Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical processing of obtained data. To assess the significance of differences in groups, the Pearson Chi-Square test was used. To determine the factors associated with of the tuberculosis relapse, а multiple binary logistic regression analysis was carried out.

Results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that male gender (OR = 2.086, 95% CI 1.001-4.350, p = 0.050), drug resistance (OR = 4.910, 95% CI 1.923-12.534, p = 0.001), fibrosis cavernous tuberculosis (OR = 6.362, 95% CI 2.178-18.585, p = 0.001) and low level of sensitized T cells that synthesize IL-2 in response to exposure to the AlaDH antigen in IGRA in vitro (OR = 2.155, 95% CI 1.060-4.379, p = 0.034) were significantly associated with tuberculosis recurrence.
A Reaction of the Mouse Spleen Extracellular Matrix to Administration of Liposome-Encapsulated Dextrazide in Stabilization Period of BCG-Induced Inflammation
Authors: Kim L. B. , Putyatina A. N. , Russkikh G. S.
Published: November 2022

The objective: to study a response of the spleen extracellular matrix (ECM) to the liposome-encapsulated dextrazide (LEDZ) administration in the stabilization period of BCG-induced granulomatosis.

Subjects and Methods. A model of generalized tuberculosis inflammation was reproduced by injecting mice with mycobacteria from BCG vaccine (BCG-infected mice). Intact mice served as controls. During inflammation stabilization, the infected mice were dosed with LEDZ by inhalation and intraperitoneal injection, and main ECM components were assessed.

Results. The BCG-infected mice showed a decrease in the structural components of proteoglycans (PGs) but demonstrated elevated profibrotic fractions of hydroxyproline (Hyp), enhanced activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and no differences in the content of their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), that indicated the fibrosis of the organ. Despite the way of LEDZ administration, the level of uronic acids in PGs and activity of hyaluronidases increased but the content of protein-bound Hyp was reduced with no differences in the content of free Hyp versus infected untreated mice. The administration of LEDZ by inhalation reduced content of profibrotic fractions of Hyp but increased galactose in PGs increased to the level of control mice. The intraperitoneal LEDZ administration decreased the protein content in PGs.
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMAL PRODUCTION QUANTITY USING FUZZY TSUKAMOTO METHOD ON LAMOS GARMENT
Authors:   The Informatics Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Satya Negara Indonesia Jakarta 12240, Indonesia., Panjaitan Bosar , Kom M. ,   The Informatics Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Satya Negara Indonesia Jakarta 12240, Indonesia., Sitorus Hernalom ,   The Informatics Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Satya Negara Indonesia Jakarta 12240, Indonesia., Kom M. ,   The Informatics Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Satya Negara Indonesia Jakarta 12240, Indonesia.
Published: November 2022

Lamos garment is a clothing factory that focuses on producing pants, with anuncertain amount every month. However, in determining the amount of production, there isno calculation or method used so that the number of products produced by garmentssometimes has advantages and disadvantages. This encourages the author to make adecision support system application to make it easier for the owner to determine the optimalamount of production each month. To design a decision support system application theauthor uses the Tsukamoto fuzzy method. Testing the system used in this study using a blackbox. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the designed application canrunand function as expected.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DECAF SCORE AND MODIFIED DECAF SCORE IN PREDICTING HOSPITAL MORTALITY RATES IN ACUTE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors:   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Narayana Medical College, Nellore., Karthik Kumar A. , Prasanna Purna K. ,   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Narayana Medical College, Nellore., Uday Shankar G. ,   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Narayana Medical College, Nellore.
Published: November 2022

Background: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are common and lead to catastrophic events. Accurate prognostic tool for patients with exacerbation who required hospital admission is needed to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality and help physicians to select the appropriate level of care. Aim The aim was to compare the ability of conventional DECAF (dyspnea, eosinopenia, consolidation, acidemia, frequency of hospital admission) and modified DECAF scores to expect the in-hospital mortality rate. Patients and Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out on 100 patients with AECOPD admitted at the respiratory ICU and chest department. All patients were subjected to complete medical history taking, chest examination, dyspnea assessment by extended modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea, complete blood count, chest radiograph, ECG, and arterial blood gas analysis. Both conventional DECAF score [(D) dyspnea, (E) eosinopenia, (C) consolidation, (A) acidemia, (F) atrial fibrillation] and modified DECAF score [(D) dyspnea, (E) eosinopenia, (C) consolidation, (A) acidemia, (F) frequency of hospital admission] were calculated. In-hospital mortality was recorded. Results: Nine (9%) patients died during their hospital stay. The modified DECAF score showed a good prediction of in-hospital mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.95) and was higher in accuracy than the original DECAF score (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.92). Both were (sensitive 100%) but the modified DECAF was more specific (specificity=86.81) than the DECAF score (specificity=80.22). Conclusion: Both the conventional DECAF score and the modified DECAF score are practical and can be calculated easily using simple questions and routine investigations available during the initial admission. Both were good predictors of mortality and the requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation. The modified DECAF was superior in predicting in-hospital mortality in AECOPD than the original score.
STRATEGIES USED BY THE AUTHORITIES IN DEALING WITH ONLINE PURCHASING FRAUD
Authors:   Shariah Research Centre, The National University of Malaysia., Madihah Adnan Amirah , Abdul Manap Norhoneydayatie ,   Shariah Research Centre, The National University of Malaysia., Zakaria Zamzuri ,   Shariah Research Centre, The National University of Malaysia.
Published: November 2022

Cases of online purchase fraud are escalating and this has created concerns about the level of security available for online users. Previous studies have provided solutions to deal with the risk of fraud when using the Internet but no study has focused on discussions about the strategies employed by the Malaysian authorities when dealing with online purchase fraud. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the strategies employed by Malaysian authorities to make online purchasing safe for online users. This qualitative study employed the interview method and content analysis to collect and analyse data, respectively. The documents analysed included journal articles by past researchers, while interviews were conducted with government and non-government agencies that are directly involved with online users. Findings show that the authorities have disseminated consumer information and education through the media, provided channels for lodging complaints, communicated directly with sales service providers, conducted monitoring and inspections, enforced the disclosure of eight vital pieces of information according to P.U (A) 458, encouraged the procurement of the SSM BizTrust certificate, established collaborations with related agencies and conducted research. It is hoped that the suggested improvements can be implemented so that the implemented strategies can have a more positive effect.
GENERALIZATION OF THE POSITION-GENERATING MATHEMATICAL MODEL IN LINEAR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Authors:   Computer Science Department, Universite Iba Der Thiam de Thies, BP 967 Thies, Senegal., Fall Abdourakhmane , Dethie Sarr Moussa ,   Computer Science Department, Universite Iba Der Thiam de Thies, BP 967 Thies, Senegal., Sarr Cheikh ,   Computer Science Department, Universite Iba Der Thiam de Thies, BP 967 Thies, Senegal.
Published: November 2022

The Linear Wireless Sensor Networks (LWSN) are a collection of wireless sensors arranged in a linear fashion. In order to allow them a better organization, several topologies have been proposed in the research. One of the most recent of them assumes a topology called redundant k-variant in which the redundancy factor k is a variable. This topology is based on a model generating the Euclidean positions of the nodes in an increasing way, the topology divides the network into two groups of nodes with different redundancy factors. This topology model increases the availability of the network especially in the areas close to the sink, compared to other topological models in which the redundancy factor was fixed for all the nodes of the network.In this paper we propose a generalization of the mathematical model proposed in the redundant k-variant model by generalizing the variation of the redundancy factor for all the nodes of the network and thus eliminating the fixed nature of the redundancy factor within the groups of nodes in the network in the k-variant model.In the approach proposed in this paper, the redundancy factor varies as one moves away from the sink. In this model, we choose, for each node, the best position among all possible ones. We use a system based on an arithmetic sequence to define an equation whose solution will generate the positions of the different nodes. We have also defined a specific resolution method coded in Python to choose the right values from all the solutions.The simulations focused on four series of transmissions based on different topologies. The experiments showed a much higher energy efficiency of the network in favor of the proposed model.
COVID 19 WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors:   Junior Resident., Rani Pushpi , Rajiv M. ,   Senior Resident., Lakshmi Bhaskar N. ,   Assoc. Professor., Satyanarayana N. ,   Professor and HOD, Hospital Administration, NIMS., Rao J.N. ,   Professor and HOD, VRKMC.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The world has witnessed positive environment implications of nationwide lockdowns brought down upon by Covid 19 such as cleaner rivers and clearer skies, the same is not the case with respect to solid waste management. Objective:To study the Covid 19 waste management practices and precautions taken in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology:A retrospective study from 1st April 2020 to 31st March 2021 was conducted at NIMS, Hyderabad. Direct observational study was done to assess the existing facility, manpower, workflow and practices followed. Results:An average of 252 kgs biomedical waste was generated daily. All the biomedical waste including the waste generated in covid 19 areas, Rapid antigen testing centre, RTPCR lab were segregated in separate colour coded bags and were transferred to collection room, where it was stored in different rooms based on the colour, ready to be collected by GJ Multiclave for treatment and disposal. Adequate number colour coded waste bins and needle destroyers were provided to covid areas. Also, hypochlorite solution was issued in adequate quantity. No calibrated weighing machine was available onsite in covid areas nor any biomedical waste registers were maintained in Covid wards and ICUs. Yellow bins were filled beyond 3/4th level due to PPE kits leading to spillage, but frequent collection of waste was followed. Whereas other bins were not filled beyond 3/4th level to avoid spillage. There was 100% compliance in segregating infectious sharps from non-sharps. There was 100% compliance in segregating waste in Covid ICUs and 90% compliance in the Covid wards. Double packing method was followed. On-site measures like treating PPE with hypochlorite was practiced. Storage in the facility was never beyond 48 hours. A total of 19 workers were posted in three shifts for collecting waste. Adequate PPE kits were provided to all the workers in Covid units apart from the regular safety equipment. 20:10 day rule was followed where the workers worked for 20days followed by 10 days of quarantine. Training of staff was on periodic basis. Separate lifting trolleys for covid areas were earmarked and disinfection with hypochlorite was practiced. Workers posted underwent routine RAT once a month and a quarantine of 15 days was given to the tested positive workers. Conclusion:On an average 252 kgs of biomedical waste generated per day. 100% compliance was observed in segregating biomedical waste in Covid ICUs and 90 % compliance in the Covid wards. On site measures like treating PPE kits with hypochlorite solution was practiced. Covid waste was transported in closed containers. Stored waste was disposed within 48 hours of collecting from wards. Regular training of health workers posted in wards improved waste management.
Algunas reflexiones sobre un hacha de jadeíta de procedencia alpina depositada en la Real Academia Galega (A Coruña, Galicia)
Authors: Rodríguez Rellán Carlos , Fábregas Valcarce Ramón , De Lombera Hermida Arturo , Lantes Suárez Oscar
Published: November 2022

El análisis arqueométrico de un hacha de color verde recuperada en los años 20 del pasado siglo en el entorno de Monte Aberto-Elviña (A Coruña), que probablemente habría formado parte del ajuar de uno de los tres túmulos que componían la necrópolis homónima, ha permitido determinar que se trata de un hacha tipo Durrington “goutte d’eau”, fabricada en jadeíta de origen alpino proveniente posiblemente de las formaciones existentes en San Front (Cuneo, Piamonte). Esta circunstancia la convierte –tras el hacha de Vilapedre (Lugo)– en la segunda pieza de procedencia alpina documentada en territorio gallego. En este artículo se intenta determinar el origen arqueológico del hacha de Monte Aberto-Elviña con la mayor exactitud posible, al tiempo que se ofrecen los resultados del análisis arqueométrico y se reflexiona sobre el cómo y el cuándo esta pieza habría llegado al Noroeste Ibérico.
The effects of flow pulses on river plumes in the Yellow River Estuary, in spring
Authors: Fan Yaoshen , Zhang Shaohua , Du Xiaokang , Wang Guangzhou , Yu Shoubing , Dou Shentang , Chen Shenliang , Ji Hongyu , Li Ping , Liu Fucheng
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an extended three-dimensional (3D) model of the Yellow River Estuary (YRE) is established. It is based on a Delft 3D shallow-water high-resolution hydrodynamic model. The model is calibrated and verified by field observation data, which ensures its stability and accuracy, and provides a better simulation of the river plume in the estuary under different flow inputs. Since 2009, the spring flow pulse of the Yellow River can be divided into four types. The strong flow pulse is more conducive to the extension of the low salinity zone (LSZ). Doubling the peak discharge of pulse flow increases the LSZ area by 60%. The retardation time of salinity change in response to the flow pulse in estuary waters is weakly affected by the flow pulse intensity. The difference in shear front between the spring tide and the neap tide is the main dynamic mechanism contributing to the different retardation times. The average retardation time is 73 h during the spring tide and 55 h during the neap tide. In order to reduce the estuary salinity, it is suggested that the optimal time for the peak value of flow pulse in the river mouth is during the neap tide.
Diagnóstico e planejamento em cirurgia parendodôntica: utilização da tomografia cone beam
Authors: Regina Karla de Pontes Lima  , Norberto Batista de Faria-Júnior  , Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru  , Mário Tanomaru-Filho
Published: November 2022

Introdução e objetivos: A capacidade de avaliar áreas patológicas e anatômicas em três dimensões no planejamento de cirurgia parendodôntica apresenta uma série de vantagens. A tomografia computadorizada cone beam (TCCB) foi desenvolvida para aplicações odontológicas. Os objetivos deste artigo são realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a TCCB, destacando suas vantagens em relação à tomografia computadorizada convencional (TC) e à radiografia convencional, e discutir suas aplicações clínicas na cirurgia parendodôntica. Revisão de literatura e conclusão: Diferentemente da TC, a TCCB captura um volume de dados em uma rotação única de 360°, oferecendo vantagens como maior precisão, melhor resolução, redução do tempo de digitalização e diminuição da dose de radiação. Na região maxilofacial, a TCCB é mais usada na avaliação de patologia dentoalveolar e na traumatologia bucal. A TCCB favorece o diagnóstico e a análise quantitativa do nível ósseo alveolar e tem sido utilizada em pacientes que necessitam de cirurgia de reconstrução facial, cirurgia ortognática, implantes dentários, exodontias mais complexas, além de ser uma ferramenta valiosa na prática endodôntica moderna, com importantes aplicações na cirurgia parendodôntica.
O culto e os milagres de Nossa Senhora de Oliveira e dos mártires de Marrocos : estudo comparativo
Authors: Pinto Ana Catarina Fernandes
Published: November 2022

Miracles were desired moments in the medieval society as they meant an absolute cure to all suffering. While materializing the sanctity of an entity related to the miracle, they were also a visible symbol of God's presence. This study aims to analyze and compare the cult and miracles of Nossa Senhora de Oliveira and the martyrs of Morocco in order to reveal how they are distinct but still have aspects in common, such as the cure of physical and spiritual ailments. While Nossa Senhora de Oliveira is not associated with a relic (only a cross) and her miracles happened between 1342 and 1343, the human remains of the martyrs of Morocco are a center of devotion and their miracles occurred between the 13th and 16th centuries. Despite their differences, these miracles are not far from the medieval ones: their focus is the same, and they occur in a similar way, having the same focus and a special meaning to the institution and community involved (Collegiate of Guimarães and monastery of Santa Cruz de Coimbra).
Marcas da construção da identidade brasileira na imprensa : dois exemplos de 1849
Authors: Silva Nicole Ferreira de Noronha
Published: November 2022

A study was carried out about the construction of the Brazilian national identity in a primordial moment for the Second Reign, using the periodical press as a source. This project aimed to identify the marks of the construction of national identity in the press of Rio de Janeiro, according to two examples from 1849, to understand the diffusion of the identity process and the creation of the "Brazilian being" influenced by the Rio de Janeiro periodicals in this time course. This study was carried out through content analysis and comparison of sources, that allowed the understanding of a press with a firm position and a well-formed idea of what would be needed to build a solidified Nation in Brazil, together with an identity that did not could still be fully expressed and explored, either because of the liberal movement or because of the foreign presence in Brazil.
Comparing Environmental Impacts Arising from the Use of Electric Two-Wheeler vis-a-vis Gasoline Two-Wheeler in India
Authors: Aryan Yash , Dikshit Anil
Published: November 2022

Electric vehicles are becoming popular among consumers while BS-VI norms have been introduced and mandated for conventional vehicles in India. In the present study, the environmental impacts from the use phase of electric two-wheeler (EV) and gasoline two-wheeler (GV) have been evaluated and compared using the life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective. The functional unit adopted was 1000 km driven by one vehicle under Indian road and traffic conditions. CML 2001 and ReCiPe 2016 methods were used for the assessment using GaBi 10.6 software tool. The scope of the study was limited to the use phase of two-wheelers. The study considered a total of six impact categories viz. Abiotic Depletion (ADP) fossil, Acidification Potential (AP), Global Warming Potential (GWP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Terrestrial Ecotoxicity Potential (TETP) and Fine Particulate Matter Formation (PMF). The study found that EV had higher environmental impacts on five impact categories while GV had a higher impact on just one (ADP fossil) impact category. The results demonstrated that the use phase of EVs is not as environmentally preferable as it appears, mainly due to the apportioned impacts of electricity obtained from the typical grid in India for EVs charging. In this study, two improvement scenarios (S-1 & S-2) for EV were also proposed for a possible reduction in impacts. Scenario S-1 constituted the use of 50% electricity generated from photovoltaics (solar panels) to charge the EVs, which offered significant reductions of ~47% in the overall environmental impacts. Similarly, scenario S-2 constituted the use of 50% electricity provided by a waste-to-energy plant to charge the EVs, which offered significant reductions of ~40% in the overall environmental impacts. It may be concluded that the use of renewable source(s) for generating electricity will make EVs more environmentally preferable. This study will help policymakers and concerned authorities to make transportation in India more sustainable by minimizing the impacts on the environment.
Exploring Social Media Preferences for Healthy Weight Management Interventions Among Adolescents of Color: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Alatorre Selenne , Schwarz Aviva G , Egan Kelsey A , Feldman Amanda R , Rosa Marielis , Wang Monica L
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Social media holds promise as an intervention platform to engage youths in healthy weight management and target racial inequities in obesity.

OBJECTIVE

This mixed methods study aimed to examine social media habits, preferences, and obesity-related behaviors (eg, diet and physical activity) among adolescents of color and understand preferences for healthy weight management interventions delivered via social media.

METHODS

This mixed methods study is comprised of a cross-sectional web-based survey and a series of digital focus groups. Study participants (English-speaking youths of color ages 14-18 years) were recruited from high schools and youth-based community settings in Massachusetts and California. For surveys, participants were invited to complete an anonymous web-based survey assessing self-reported sociodemographics, social media habits and preferences, health behaviors (diet, physical activity, sleep, and screen time), and height and weight. For focus groups, participants were invited to participate in 45- to 60-minute web-based group discussions assessing social media habits, preferred social media platforms, and preferences for physical activity and nutrition intervention content and delivery. Survey data were analyzed descriptively; focus group transcripts were analyzed using a directed content analysis approach.

RESULTS

A total of 101 adolescents completed the survey and 20 adolescents participated in a total of 3 focus groups. Participants reported most frequently using TikTok, followed by Instagram, Snapchat, and Twitter; preference for platform varied by purpose of use (eg, content consumption, connection, or communication). TikTok emerged as the platform of choice as an engaging way to learn about various topics, including desired health information on physical fitness and diet.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings from this study suggest that social media platforms can be an engaging way to reach adolescents of color. Data will inform future social media–based interventions to engage adolescents of color in healthy weight management content.

CLINICALTRIAL
This is test 9 Nov 2022 (Preprint)
Authors: Sharma Smriti
Published: November 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is test 9 Nov 2022
COVID-19 AND THE MACEDONIAN ELECTIONS 2020/2021: A STORY OF DOUBLE STANDARDS
Authors: Vankovska Biljana
Published: November 2022

The paper aims to disclose the (de)securitization of Covid-19 during the two Macedonian electoral processes (i.e. the 2020 parliamentary and 2021 local elections) in accordance with the ruling elites’ liking. The basic premise is that the pandemic has catalyzed the underlying processes of political alienation and authoritarian tendencies that had been present even before the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. The safety rules and regulations during the pandemic have been repeatedly re-modeled and manipulated in accordance with both economic and political gain’s ʻlogicʼ rather than led by medical reasons and health protection requirements. The Macedonian politics of power-sharing is a case in focus, and it offers convincing arguments that political, ethnic, and religious elites have used the pandemic for their own interest and holding to power at any cost.
PANDEMIC SIDE-EFFECTS OR SAME OLD ELECTORAL APATHY? THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 CRISIS ON THE 2020 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN ROMANIA
Authors: Ivanescu Mihaela
Published: November 2022

The year 2020 was an electoral year in Romania, with local and parliamentary elections being held in September and December. In the midst of the pandemic crisis, with new rules to be followed, both during the electoral campaign and at the polls, none of the two electoral moments seemed to be visibly influenced by the sudden changes of the social context. Neither the turnout, nor the main electoral themes saw much change compared to previous elections. This paper seeks to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the 2020 parliamentary elections in Romania, with an emphasis on the electoral turnout and the legislative changes that the pandemic has provoked and that contributed to maintaining parliamentary instability and fragmentation. Yet rather than being Covid-related complications, the fragmentation of the political right, the inability of the political left to form a majority despite winning the elections, the flaws of the electoral law, the apathy of the voters were all a by-product of the same old dysfunctions that haunt the Romanian political system. In this sense, we can argue that the pandemic continued to enable them further.
THE RISE OF A NATIONALIST-POPULIST PARTY IN ROMANIA – THE ALLIANCE FOR THE UNION OF ROMANIANS (AUR)
Authors: Ilie Mihaela
Published: November 2022

During the last few years, while, in many countries, political leaders and supporters of liberal democracy were facing new and unexpected challenges due to the rise of populist radical right tendencies, Romania seemed to be immune to such temptations. The latest development of the political landscape in other countries from Eastern Europe like Hungary or Poland, apparently, didn’t matter either. Therefore, after the downfall of the Greater Romania Party, more than a decade ago, and some other less successful attempts, the far-right side of the Romanian political spectrum remained empty. Things suddenly changed in the 2020 legislative elections when, as a surprise for Romanian citizens, political analysts, and media as well, the Alliance for the Union of Romanians – an unknown political party with nationalist-populist views – managed to obtain more than 9% of the votes and thus became the fourth largest party in the Romanian Parliament. The aim of the paper is to analyse the main factors that led to this outcome and to observe to what extent the anti-vaccination and anti-restrictions rhetoric promoted by the representatives of the Alliance for the Union of Romanians during the Covid-19 pandemic enhanced the party’s chances to obtain this unexpected result.
Optimization of Da An Gene Kit for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Real-Time RT-PCR
Authors: Seprianto  , Muhammad Arreza  , Titta Novianti  , Febriana Dwi Wahyuni  , Oktaviani Naulita Turnip  , Roaslein Putri  , Henny Saraswati
Published: November 2022

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of coronavirus of the genus Betacoronavirus and the family Coronaviridae that causes a respiratory disease called COVID-19. The virus has a sheath and genetic material in the form of single-chain RNA. The genome structure of this virus is divided into two types, namely genes that encode non-structural proteins consisting of the ORF1a / ORF1b gene and genes that encode structural proteins consisting of spike glycoprotein (S), envelope (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), and nucleocapsid protein (N). Methods: The method of detecting SARS-CoV-2 with real time RT-PCR is the most recommended method because it has high specificity and accuracy. The specificity of a method is necessary to be able to specifically recognize the pathogen that causes the disease. Real time RT-PCR requires sampling with a swab on the oropharynx or nasopharynx to be examined in the laboratory which later the presence of viral RNA becomes a molecule that is assessed for diagnosis results. In this study, volume optimization was carried out on the Da An Gene kit used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 with Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (Real time RT-PCR) with the aim of saving the use of reagents from available kits but with amplification results remaining optimal and accurate. Results: There were three SARS-CoV-2 RNA samples used consisting of N62, N63, and N79 samples and three types of total volume used were 20 Î¼l, 15 Î¼l, and 10 Î¼l. The results of this study showed that the three positive samples contained SARS-CoV-2 with a Cq value of < 40. Conclusion: A volume of 20 Î¼l is the optimal volume, which is more efficient than the manufacturer's recommended volume of 25 ul.