bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multivariate synchronization curve: A measure of synchronization in different multivariate signals
Authors: Shang Binbin , Shang Pengjian
Published: December 2021

As a method to measure the synchronization between two different sets of signals, the multivariate synchronization index (MSI) has played an irreplaceable role in the field of frequency recognition of brain–computer interface since it was proposed. On this basis, we make a generalization of MSI by using the escort distribution to replace the original distribution. In this way, MSI can be converted from a determined value to the multivariate synchronization curve, which will vary as the parameter q of the escort distribution changes. Numerical experiments are carried out on both simulated and real-world data to confirm the effectiveness of this new method. Compared with the case of MSI (i.e., q = 1), the extended form of MSI proposed in this article can obviously capture the relationship between signals more comprehensively, implying that it is a more perfect method to describe the synchronization between them. The results reveal that this method can not only effectively extract the important information contained in different signals, but also has the potential to become a practical synchronization measurement method of multivariate signals.
A quantification method of non-failure cascading spreading in a network of networks
Authors: An Feng , Wu Sen , Gao Xiangyun , Eugene Stanley H. , Gao Jianxi
Published: December 2021

The cascading spreading process in social and economic networks is more complicated than that in physical systems. These networks' multiple nodes and edges increase their structural complexity and recoverability, enabling the system to lose partial functionality rather than completely fail. However, these phenomena in social and economic networks introduce challenges to the existing network robustness models, where a node is either in a functional state or a failed state. This research uses a network of networks (NoN) to simulate multiple types of nodes and edges. A non-failure cascading process is utilized to model the nodes' self-adaptation and recoverability. The main contribution of this research is proposing a spreading model to extend the non-failure cascading process to the NoN, which can be used in predicting real-world system damage suffering from special events. The case study of this research evaluated the effect degree of crude oil trade changes on each sector from 2015 to 2016.
A recoil ion momentum spectrometer for probing ionization, e-capture, and capture-ionization induced molecular fragmentation dynamics
Authors: Biswas Shubhadeep , Tribedi Lokesh C.
Published: December 2021

The development of a recoil ion momentum spectrometer (RIMS) along with a post-collision projectile charge state analyzer (CSA) and its performance for carrying out studies of molecular fragmentation following direct ionization, electron-capture, and capture-ionization have been demonstrated here. This is a two-stage Wiley–McLaren type spectrometer with slight modification introduced by adding a lens to achieve higher momentum resolution as well as larger angular acceptance. Along with the time and position sensitive detector, it can measure all the three momentum components of singly charged recoil ions of energy up to 10 eV emitted in all directions. The CSA assembly is designed for separating out any neutral or singly or doubly charged post-collision projectiles typically of keV energy. The RIMS with initial trigger (“start”) from CSA or an ionized electron can uniquely determine the dynamics of molecular fragmentation following different electron-capture or direct ionization events, respectively. To check the performance of the setup, we carried out an experimental study of the fragmentation of N2 molecules under the impact of 250 keV protons. Apart from the single-electron-capture channel, we could clearly identify three more capture-ionization channels, which lead to fragmentation. The essential features of the momentum distributions and the kinetic energy release distributions of all three fragmentation channels are discussed in detail. These results are compared with the findings from the ionization induced fragmentation experiments and with the available results from theoretical calculations as well as high resolution experiments. The branching ratios of these fragmentation channels are determined.
Effect of heat source on statistics and scaling in compressible homogeneous shear turbulence
Authors: Chen Yuandong , Wang Xiaoning , Jiang Zhou , Wang Jianchun
Published: December 2021

The effects of heat sources on the velocity and pressure spectra, Mach number scaling of one-point statistics, and small-scale structures of compressible homogeneous shear turbulence are numerically studied. The dilatational components of flow fields are significantly enhanced by a strong heat source at low turbulent Mach numbers Mt and are dominated by an acoustic mode, leading to a strong acoustic equilibrium between the dilatational velocity and pressure. As the magnitude of the heat source increases, the scaling behaviors of the dilatational components of kinetic energy and dissipation rate change from Mt4 and approach a state that is nearly independent of the turbulent Mach number. Furthermore, a strong heat source has a significant effect on small-scale structures at low turbulent Mach numbers. The conditional probability density functions of the normalized eigenvalues of a strain rate tensor become more dependent on the dilatation owing to the effect of the heat source. For low turbulent Mach numbers with strong heat sources, the ratio of the normalized eigenvalues of the strain rate tensor tends to −1:0:0 and −0.2:0.25:1 in the strong compression and strong expansion regions, respectively, and the dilatational vortex stretching term can significantly enhance the enstrophy production.
Study of self-interaction-errors in barrier heights using locally scaled and Perdew–Zunger self-interaction methods
Authors: Mishra Prakash , Yamamoto Yoh , Johnson J. Karl , Jackson Koblar A. , Zope Rajendra R. , Baruah Tunna
Published: December 2021

We study the effect of self-interaction errors on the barrier heights of chemical reactions. For this purpose, we use the well-known Perdew–Zunger self-interaction-correction (PZSIC) [J. P. Perdew and A. Zunger, Phys. Rev. B 23, 5048 (1981)] as well as two variations of the recently developed, locally scaled self-interaction correction (LSIC) [Zope et al., J. Chem. Phys. 151, 214108 (2019)] to study the barrier heights of the BH76 benchmark dataset. Our results show that both PZSIC and especially the LSIC methods improve the barrier heights relative to the local density approximation (LDA). The version of LSIC that uses the iso-orbital indicator z as a scaling factor gives a more consistent improvement than an alternative version that uses an orbital-dependent factor w based on the ratio of orbital densities to the total electron density. We show that LDA energies evaluated using the self-consistent and self-interaction-free PZSIC densities can be used to assess density-driven errors. The LDA reaction barrier errors for the BH76 set are found to contain significant density-driven errors for all types of reactions contained in the set, but the corrections due to adding SIC to the functional are much larger than those stemming from the density for the hydrogen transfer reactions and of roughly equal size for the non-hydrogen transfer reactions.
Negative synergistic effects of surfactant and fluid viscoelasticity on hydrodynamic resistance of single droplet in confined microchannel
Authors: Luo Zheng Yuan , Lu Xi , Zhao Hong Yu , Xu Fu Gang , Bai Bo Feng
Published: December 2021

Polymers and surfactants are often employed simultaneously to control droplet dynamics with higher flexibility in many applications, such as droplet microfluidics and chemical enhanced oil recovery. However, the coupling effects of polymer-induced fluid viscoelasticity and surfactant have not been fully uncovered yet. To facilitate studies in this area, we present a systematic investigation on the transport of a surfactant-laden viscoelastic droplet through a confined microchannel by using our own three-dimensional front-tracking finite-difference methodology. Of particular interest is the droplet-induced additional pressure loss, which is important to deeply understand the flow rate–pressure loss relation of droplet-laden flows. We have found that either the fluid viscoelasticity or surfactant tends to enlarge the additional pressure loss, while their co-occurrence induces a further increase. Notably, negative synergistic effects are indicated between fluid viscoelasticity and surfactant; that is, their combined effect to increase the additional pressure loss is smaller than the sum of their individual effects. This synergistic effect primarily results from mutual inhibition of the viscoelastic stress and the surfactant-induced Marangoni stress to reduce the droplet surface mobility, no matter whether the surfactant is soluble or insoluble. Particularly, when the surfactant is soluble to the viscoelastic fluid phase, its transport and the consequent Marangoni stress is suppressed by the bulk viscoelastic stress via two mechanisms: the weakened surface convection by direct impact of the viscoelastic stress on the droplet surface mobility and the weakened bulk convection by the flow modification effect.
Aerodynamics of a flapping wing as a function of altitude: New insights into the flight strategy of migratory birds
Authors: Beaumont Fabien , Murer Sebastien , Bogard Fabien , Polidori Guillaume
Published: December 2021

Migratory birds have developed remarkable physiological and biomechanical adaptive capacities in order to fly at very high altitudes and benefit from favorable wind. Numerous studies suggest that increased frequency would be an adaptive mechanism of flapping flight in hypodense and hypobaric air. We sought to assess this hypothesis using a numerical model of the wing flapping kinematics of a migratory bird and an evaluation of the cyclic variation of aerodynamic forces as a function of altitude (100 to 4000 m). In an attempt to reproduce the variations in the thermophysical parameters of air vs altitude, subroutines have been implemented in a finite-volume-based code. Numerical results indicate a strong correlation between the intensity of forces exerted on the wing and the flight altitude. For instance, it has been shown that mean lift ranges from 2.63 N at 100 m to 0.76 N at 4000 m. In addition, the results suggest that increasing the flapping frequency to 5 Hz would induce a value of (CL/CD)max of 31.8, corresponding to a 158% increase compared to a flapping frequency of 4 Hz. Finally, this study aims at broadening current knowledge of the biomechanical mechanisms used by migratory birds to maintain a favorable balance between flight performance at high altitude and the energetic cost of the migration.
Faraday rotation study of plasma bubbles in GeV wakefield accelerators
Authors: Chang Yen-Yu , Cheng Xiantao , Hannasch Andrea , LaBerge Maxwell , Shaw Joseph M. , Weichman Kathleen , Welch James , Bernstein Aaron C. , Henderson Watson , Zgadzaj Rafal , Downer Michael C.
Published: December 2021

We visualize plasma bubbles driven by 0.67 PW laser pulses in a plasma of density ne≈5×1017cm−3 by imaging Faraday rotation patterns imprinted on linearly polarized probe pulses of wavelength λpr=1.05  μm and duration τpr=2 or 1 ps that cross the bubble's path at right angles. When the bubble captures and accelerates tens to hundreds of pC of electron charges, we observe two parallel streaks of length cτpr straddling the drive pulse propagation axis, separated by ∼45 μm, in which probe polarization rotates by 0.3° to more than 5° in opposite directions. Accompanying simulations show that they result from Faraday rotation within portions of dense bubble side walls that are pervaded by the azimuthal magnetic field of accelerating electrons during the probe transit across the bubble. Analysis of the width of the streaks shows that quasi-monoenergetic high-energy electrons and trailing lower energy electrons inside the bubble contribute distinguishable portions of the observed signals, and relativistic flow of sheath electrons suppresses Faraday rotation from the rear of the bubble. The results demonstrate favorable scaling of Faraday rotation diagnostics to 40× lower plasma density than previously demonstrated.
Vibrational dynamics of iron pentacarbonyl in cryogenic matrices
Authors: Thon Raphaël , Chin Wutharath , Chamma Didier , Jonusas Mindaugas , Galaup Jean-Pierre , Crépin Claudine
Published: December 2021

Iron pentacarbonyl is a textbook example of fluxionality. We trap the molecule in cryogenic matrices to study the vibrational dynamics of CO stretching modes involved in the fluxional rearrangement. The infrared spectrum in Ar and N2 is composed of about ten narrow bands in the spectral range of interest, indicating the population of various lattice sites and a lowering of the molecular symmetry in the trapping sites. The vibrational dynamics is explored by means of infrared stimulated photon echoes at the femtosecond scale. Vibrational dephasing and population relaxation times are obtained. The non-linear signals exhibit strong oscillations useful to disentangle the site composition of the absorption spectrum. The population relaxation involves at least two characteristic times. An evolution of the photon echo signals with the waiting time is observed. The behavior of all the signals can be reproduced within a simple model that describes the population relaxation occurring in two steps: relaxation of v = 1 (population time T1 < 100 ps) and return to v = 0 (recovery time > 1 ns). These two steps explain the evolution of the oscillations with the waiting time in the photon echo signals. These results discard fluxional rearrangement on the time scale of hundreds of ps in our samples. Dephasing times are of the same order of magnitude as T1: dephasing processes due to the matrix environment are rather inefficient. The photon echo experiments also reveal that intermolecular resonant vibrational energy transfers between guest molecules occur at the hundreds of ps time scale in concentrated samples (guest/host > 104).
Numerical study on ion transport and electro-convective mixing of power-law fluid in a heterogeneous micro-constrained channel
Authors: Haque A. , Nayak A. K. , Bhattacharyya S.
Published: December 2021

Mixing performance with variable solubility in a modulated micro-channel filled with non-Newtonian power-law fluid is studied. A combined geometrical and surface potential heterogeneity of one wall of the channel is considered to promote mixing of eluted species with electrolytes. The stability and energy budget analysis are made to check the flow distortion due to the presence of heterogeneity in channel geometry as well as surface charge density. The analytical solutions for the electric potential and velocity are obtained for different types of electrolytes through the Debye–Hückel approximation. The Poisson–Nernst–Planck–Navier–Stokes equations are computed to evaluate the electroosmotic flow due to the non-Newtonian fluid, charge distributions, and species concentrations. Convective flow induced by the patterned surface is taken into account to achieve an efficient mixing of two different streams of fluid injected in the channel. The combined effect of in-build pressure gradient and external electric field drives the species transport in the modulate channel. Comparisons of species mixing efficiency and pressure drop are made for different forms of the surface heterogeneity and values of over-potential. The numerical validation is made by comparing with the available experimental results. Our results show that mixing efficiency can be enhanced by the combined effect of geometric modulation and surface potential heterogeneity. Linear stability analysis and energy budget analysis show that the periodic nature of velocity due to nonlinearity is predicted through phase diagram analysis.
Minority carrier lifetimes in digitally-grown, narrow-gap, AlInAsSb alloys
Authors: Muhowski A. J. , March S. D. , Maddox S. J. , Wasserman D. , Bank S. R.
Published: December 2021

The minority carrier lifetime in extended-short-wavelength infrared and mid-wavelength infrared digitally-grown AlInAsSb alloys has been measured by time-resolved photoluminescence, ranging from 26 to 260 ns depending on temperature and composition. The temperature dependence of the minority carrier lifetime and the power-dependence of continuous-wave photoluminescence indicate the presence of at least two deleterious Shockley–Read–Hall recombination centers, limiting the minority carrier lifetime of AlInAsSb alloys, particularly with non-zero Al concentration.
High power factor in epitaxial Mg2Sn thin films via Ga doping
Authors: Lima Mariana S. L. , Aizawa Takashi , Ohkubo Isao , Baba Takahiro , Sakurai Takeaki , Mori Takao
Published: December 2021

In this work, we present the influence of Ga doping in Mg2Sn thin epitaxial films on sapphire (0001) substrates. Our results suggest that epitaxial nature is essential for achieving high mobility. Furthermore, we found that Ga incorporation influences the carrier concentration and acts as a phonon-scattering center. The optimal power factor and figure of merit values obtained were 1.49 × 10−3 W·m−1·K−1 and 0.08 at 300 K for Mg2Sn0.97Ga0.03. The values are in the same range as the bulk material of Mg-based II–IV semiconductors, suggesting that the combination of doping and epitaxial nature in thin films can be a promising route for miniaturization of thermoelectric devices based on Mg-based materials.
A new dynamic stall prediction framework based on symbiosis of experimental and simulation data
Authors: Wang Xu , Kou Jiaqing , Zhang Weiwei
Published: December 2021

Dynamic stall requires both accurate and efficient predictions. To model the unsteady aerodynamics of dynamic stall, a symbiosis method for dynamic stall prediction is proposed through fusing experimental data and numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics. With only a fraction of wind tunnel test data of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0012 airfoil, the proposed framework is able to predict the lift and moment coefficients of dynamic stall under different balanced angles of attacks, amplitudes, and reduced frequencies. Results indicate that compared with the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes simulation, the proposed model reduces the prediction error about two to five times. In addition, a posteriori analysis shows that with efficient hyperparameter optimization, the framework can separate the dynamics for attached and separated flows adaptively. The proposed data fusion model provides a way to combine the physics of the dynamic stall phenomenon to prediction models for the aerodynamic loading at high angles of attack.
Multicomponent heat-bath configuration interaction with the perturbative correction for the calculation of protonic excited states
Authors: Alaal Naresh , Brorsen Kurt R.
Published: December 2021

In this study, we extend the multicomponent heat-bath configuration interaction (HCI) method to excited states. Previous multicomponent HCI studies have been performed using only the variational stage of the HCI algorithm as they have largely focused on the calculation of protonic densities. Because this study focuses on energetic quantities, a second-order perturbative correction after the variational stage is essential. Therefore, this study implements the second-order Epstein–Nesbet correction to the variational stage of multicomponent HCI for the first time. Additionally, this study introduces a new procedure for calculating reference excitation energies for multicomponent methods using the Fourier-grid Hamiltonian (FGH) method, which should allow the one-particle electronic basis set errors to be better isolated from errors arising from an incomplete description of electron–proton correlation. The excited-state multicomponent HCI method is benchmarked by computing protonic excitations of the HCN and FHF− molecules and is shown to be of similar accuracy to previous excited-state multicomponent methods such as the multicomponent time-dependent density-functional theory and equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory relative to the new FGH reference values.
High thermal stability AlN-YAG: Ce composite phosphor ceramics for high-power laser-driven lighting
Authors: Li Yanbin , Ma Chaoyang , Zuo Chuandong , Ye Wanggui , Shen Xiaofei , Wang Yuzhen , Li Yingkui , Zhao Chong , Wen Zicheng , Yuan Xuanyi , Cao Yongge
Published: December 2021

In this paper, AlN-YAG: Ce composite phosphor ceramics with high thermal conductivity was prepared by accompanying YAG: Ce phosphor with an AlN matrix. The phosphor ceramics was densified at 1700 °C for 3 h, and YAG: Ce phosphor particles were uniformly dispersed in the AlN matrix without any chemical reaction and impure phases around the contact interfaces. The thermal conductivity of the sample with 10 wt. % YAG: Ce phosphor was as high as 68.8 W m−1 K−1. As a result, the saturation power density is up to 39.6 W mm−2 with a luminous emittance of 1516 lm mm−2, showing excellent resistance to high flux density photon irradiation. This work presents a method to enhance the thermal conductivity of phosphor ceramics for high power laser lighting.
Equilibrium charge state of NV centers in diamond
Authors: Shinei Chikara , Miyakawa Masashi , Ishii Shuya , Saiki Seiichi , Onoda Shinobu , Taniguchi Takashi , Ohshima Takeshi , Teraji Tokuyuki
Published: December 2021

We investigated charge states of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond single crystals. The charge states were evaluated using concentrations of both negatively charged (NV−) and neutral-state (NV0) NV centers. This study specifically examines diamond crystals containing mainly neutral substitutional nitrogen (N0s), NV− centers, and NV0 centers. Results show that the charged states of NV centers evaluated for this study depended on concentrations of both neutral substitutional nitrogen (N0s) and NVT centers, which is a sum of [NV−] and [NV0]. The NV centers were fully negatively charged when the ratio of [NVT] to [N0s] was 1%–20% in our diamond crystals. When [NVT]/[N0s] is larger than 20%–30%, NV0 centers appeared gradually. The concentration ratio between NV− centers and NV0 centers was described using an equilibrium equation.
Drone thermal imaging technology provides a cost-effective tool for landscape-scale monitoring of a cryptic forest-dwelling species across all population densities
Authors: Howell Lachlan G. , Clulow John , Jordan Neil R. , Beranek Chad T. , Ryan Shelby A. , Roff Adam , Witt Ryan R.
Published: December 2021

Abstract Context Drones, or remotely piloted aircraft systems, equipped with thermal imaging technology (RPAS thermal imaging) have recently emerged as a powerful monitoring tool for koala populations. Before wide uptake of novel technologies by government, conservation practitioners and researchers, evidence of greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness than with other available methods is required. Aims We aimed to provide the first comprehensive analysis of the cost-effectiveness of RPAS thermal imaging for koala detection against two field-based methods, systematic spotlighting (Spotlight) and the refined diurnal radial search component of the spot-assessment technique (SAT). Methods We conducted various economic comparisons, particularly comparative cost-effectiveness of RPAS thermal imaging, Spotlight and SAT for repeat surveys of a low-density koala population. We compared methods on cost-effectiveness as well as long-term costs by using accumulating cost models. We also compared detection costs across population density using a predictive cost model. Key results Despite substantial hardware, training and licensing costs at the outset (>A$49 900), RPAS thermal imaging surveys were cost-effective, detecting the highest number of koalas per dollar spent. Modelling also suggested that RPAS thermal imaging requires the lowest survey effort to detect koalas within the range of publicly available koala population densities (~0.006–18 koalas ha−1) and would provide long-term cost reductions across longitudinal monitoring programs. RPAS thermal imaging would also require the lowest average survey effort costs at a landscape scale (A$3.84 ha−1), providing a cost-effective tool across large spatial areas. Conclusions Our analyses demonstrated drone thermal imaging technology as a cost-effective tool for conservation practitioners monitoring koala populations. Our analyses may also form the basis of decision-making tools to estimate survey effort or total program costs across any koala population density. Implications Our novel approach offers a means to perform various economic comparisons of available survey techniques and guide investment decisions towards developing standardised koala monitoring approaches. Our results may assist stakeholders and policymakers to confidently invest in RPAS thermal imaging technology and achieve optimal conservation outcomes for koala populations, with standardised data collection delivered through evidence-based and cost-effective monitoring programs.
Conservation genetics as a management tool: The five best-supported paradigms to assist the management of threatened species
Authors: Willi Yvonne , Kristensen Torsten N. , Sgrò Carla M. , Weeks Andrew R. , Ørsted Michael , Hoffmann Ary A.
Published: December 2021

About 50 y ago, Crow and Kimura [
An Introduction to Population Genetics Theory
(1970)] and Ohta and Kimura [
Genet. Res.
22, 201–204 (1973)] laid the foundations of conservation genetics by predicting the relationship between population size and genetic marker diversity. This work sparked an enormous research effort investigating the importance of population dynamics, in particular small population size, for population mean performance, population viability, and evolutionary potential. In light of a recent perspective [J. C. Teixeira, C. D. Huber,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
118, 10 (2021)] that challenges some fundamental assumptions in conservation genetics, it is timely to summarize what the field has achieved, what robust patterns have emerged, and worthwhile future research directions. We consider theory and methodological breakthroughs that have helped management, and we outline some fundamental and applied challenges for conservation genetics.
An interview with Joanna Suau from Infobip on the design of application programming interface (API) documentation
Authors: Bohm Thomas
Published: December 2021

About Joanna Suau

Joanna studied English literature and culture at the University of Silesia in Poland, where she was born. She did a technical writing postgraduate degree in the picturesque city of Krakow and moved to the U.K. in 2012, to work for shipping solutions provider Pierbridge, where she mainly focused on user guides and walkthroughs of various types of shipping applications.

Interested in what makes an app tick, Joanna started learning programming language (JavaScript) and explored CSS and HTML in more detail. This is when she discovered her passion for writing clean and appealing developer-oriented documentation, and moved to the start-up company Moltin, to become a part of the Developer Success team.

Joanna has changed industry, and currently works in the field of telecommunication. She works for a messaging services provider, Infobip, contributing content to their robust API solutions.
The metapragmatics of legal advice communication in the field of immigration law
Authors: Jacobs Marie
Published: December 2021

Metapragmatic comments are crucial in lawyers’ attempts at managing legal advice communication with asylum
seekers. Drawing on linguistic-ethnographic fieldwork in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, this paper aims to demonstrate
how/when/why textual features which tell interactants how to interpret the ongoing speech are used in the context of lawyer-client
communication in the field of immigration law. The data analysis reveals how lawyers frame the discursive conditions (i.e.
linguistic diversity, the institutional need for efficiency and the presence of emotional lifeworld concerns) of the local
interaction in the lawyer’s office. This is necessary as clients are not always acquainted with the discursive routines of the
legal consultation, nor aware of its position within the wider chain of discursive asylum events. As many aspects of the legal
advice context resemble the interactional conditions of the government-asylum seeker communication, it proves key yet challenging
for lawyers to metapragmatically signal their advocating role in a way that enables a relationship of rapport with their
client.
Naupactus xanthographus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: December 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Naupactus xanthographus
(Germar), Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Hosts: polyphagous, especially grape (
Vitis vinifera
), but also avocado (
Persea americana
), kiwi (
Actinidia
sp.) and fruit species of
Malus, Pyrus, Prunus
and
Citrus
. Information is given on the geographical distribution in South America (Argentina, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Chile, Easter Island, Paraguay and Uruguay).
Oryctes elegans
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: December 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Oryctes elegans
Prell. Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae. Host: date palm (
Phoenix dactylifera
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen).
Hypsipyla grandella
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: December 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Hypsipyla grandella
(Zeller). Lepidoptera: Pyralidae. Hosts: Spanish cedar (
Cedrela odorata
), mahogany (
Swietenia macrophylla
), American mahogany (
S. mahagoni
), African mahogany (
Khaya senegalensis
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Florida), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Acre, Amapa, Amazones, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Para, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela).
On the advantages of Bi addition into Sn-Cu-S lead-free solder
Authors: Huang Huizhen , Zhang Qinghuan , Shuai Gewang , Yu Xinyuan , Tian Tingfang
Published: December 2021

Incorporation of Bi into Sn-0.7Cu-0.08S lead-free solder alloy was applied to investigate its advantages on the melting temperature, wettability, microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour. The results indicate that the addition of Bi lowers the melting temperature of the Sn-0.7Cu-0.08S, but enlarges its pasty range. The wettability of Sn-0.7Cu-0.08S on Cu substrate is considerably enhanced with the increase of Bi, as well as the ultimate tensile strength and vickers hardness. The improvement of the mechanical properties can be attributed to the refined microstructure by Bi addition. The corrosion resistance of Sn-0.7Cu-0.08S is obviously increased with the increase of Bi content. Analyses by SEM and XRD indicate that the corrosion product on the solder alloy surface is SnO2.
Thank ORP9 for FFAT: With endosomal ORP10, it’s fission accomplished!
Authors: Wong Louise H. , Martello Andrea , Eden Emily R.
Published: December 2021

Heterogeneity in endosomal membrane phospholipid content is emerging as a regulator of endocytic trafficking pathways. Kawasaki et al. (2021. J. Cell. Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202103141) demonstrate exchange of endosomal PI4P for PS by ORP10 at ER–endosome contact sites, with the consequent recruitment of endosomal fission factors.
Fixed-distance multipoint formulas for the scattering amplitude from phaseless measurements
Authors: Novikov R G , Sivkin V N
Published: December 2021

We give new formulas for finding the complex (phased) scattering amplitude at fixed frequency and angles from absolute values of the scattering wave function at several points x
1, …, x

m
. In dimension d ⩾ 2, for m > 2, we significantly improve previous results in the following two respects. First, geometrical constraints on the points needed in previous results are significantly simplified. Essentially, the measurement points x

j
are assumed to be on a ray from the origin with fixed distance τ = |x

j+1 − x

j
|, and high order convergence (linearly related to m) is achieved as the points move to infinity with fixed τ. Second, our new asymptotic reconstruction formulas are significantly simpler than previous ones. In particular, we continue studies going back to Novikov (2015 Bull. Sci. Math.
139 923–936).
Low rank matrix recovery with adversarial sparse noise*
Authors: Xu Hang , Li Song , Lin Junhong
Published: December 2021

Many problems in data science can be treated as recovering a low-rank matrix from a small number of random linear measurements, possibly corrupted with adversarial noise and dense noise. Recently, a bunch of theories on variants of models have been developed for different noises, but with fewer theories on the adversarial noise. In this paper, we study low-rank matrix recovery problem from linear measurements perturbed by ℓ
1-bounded noise and sparse noise that can arbitrarily change an adversarially chosen ω-fraction of the measurement vector. For Gaussian measurements with nearly optimal number of measurements, we show that the nuclear-norm constrained least absolute deviation (LAD) can successfully estimate the ground-truth matrix for any ω < 0.239. Similar robust recovery results are also established for an iterative hard thresholding algorithm applied to the rank-constrained LAD considering geometrically decaying step-sizes, and the unconstrained LAD based on matrix factorization as well as its subgradient descent solver.
Theory of polarization-averaged core-level molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions: III. New formula for p- and s-wave interference analogous to Young’s double-slit experiment for core-level photoemission from hetero-diatomic molecules
Authors: Ota F , Yamazaki K , Sébilleau D , Ueda K , Hatada K
Published: December 2021

We present a new variation of Young’s double-slit formula for polarization-averaged molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions (PA-MFPADs) of hetero-diatomic molecules, which may be used to extract the bond length. So far, empirical analysis of the PA-MFPADs has often been carried out employing Young’s formula in which each of the two atomic centers emits an s-photoelectron wave. The PA-MFPADs, on the other hand, can consist of an interference between the p-wave from the x-ray absorbing atom emitted along the molecular axis and the s-wave scattered by neighboring atom, within the framework of multiple scattering theory. The difference of this p–s wave interference from the commonly used s–s wave interference causes a dramatic change in the interference pattern, especially near the angles perpendicular to the molecular axis. This change involves an additional fringe, urging us to caution when using the conventional Young’s formula for retrieving the bond length. We have derived a new formula analogous to Young’s formula but for the p–s wave interference. The bond lengths retrieved from the PA-MFPADs via the new formula reproduce the original C–O bond lengths used in the reference ab-initio PA-MFPADs within the relative error of 5%. In the high energy regime, this new formula for p–s wave interference converges to the ordinary Young’s formula for the s–s wave interference. We expect it to be used to retrieve the bond length for time-resolved PA-MFPADs instead of the conventional Young’s formula.
Investigation of structural, electronic and thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional graphdiyne/borophene monolayers and hetero-bilayers
Authors: Jalili Seifollah , Pakzadiyan Atena
Published: December 2021

The integration of dissimilar 2D materials is important for nanoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. Among different polymorphs and different bond geometries, borophene and graphdiyne (GDY) are two promising candidates for these applications. In the present paper, we have studied hetero-bilayers comprising graphdiyne–borophene (GDY–BS) sheets. Three structural models, namely S0, S1 and S2 have been used for borophene sheets. The optimum interlayer distance for the hetero-bilayers was obtained through binding energy calculations. Then, the structure and electronic properties of the monolayers and hetero-bilayers were individually examined and compared. GDY monolayer was shown to be a semiconductor with a band gap of 0.43 eV, while the borophene monolayers, as well as all studied hetero-bilayers showed metallic behavior. The thermoelectric properties of borophene and GDY monolayers and the GDY–BS bilayers were calculated on the basis of the semi-classical Boltzmann theory. The results showed signs of improvement in the conductivity behavior of the hetero-bilayers. Furthermore, considering the increase in Seebeck coefficient and the conductivity for all the structures after calculating figure of merit and power factor, a higher power factor and more energy generation were observed for bilayers. These results show that the GDY–BS hetero-bilayers can positively affect the performance of thermoelectric devices.
Formation and dissociation of shear-induced high-energy dislocations: insight from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Chen Nanjun , Hu Shenyang , Setyawan Wahyu , Gwalani Bharat , Sushko Peter V , Mathaudhu Suveen N
Published: December 2021

Solid-phase processing (SPP) allows one to create complex microstructures, not achievable via thermal processing alone. The resulting structures exhibit a rich palette of defects, both thermal and non-thermal, including defect substructures, such as dislocation networks. It is essential to understand the mechanisms of deformation and defect structure formation to guide SPP towards achieving desired microstructures and material properties. In this study, large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the effects of inhomogeneous strain distribution, that mimics deformation conditions of tribological tests, on the evolution of defects under severe shear deformation in polycrystalline Al. Analysis of defect nucleation and reaction pathways reveals that strong geometric constraints suppress the nucleation and slide of low energy dislocation 1/2⟨110⟩{111} but promote the nucleation and slide of high energy dislocations, such as

1

1

¯

0

(001) and 1/2

1

1

¯

2

¯

(1

1

¯

1). A rough contact surface, characteristic to tribological tests, imposes an inhomogeneous stress field leading to inhomogeneous defect substructures due to location-dependent activation of slip systems. The results suggest that high-energy dislocations can dominate the evolution of grain structures in highly constrained environments, which should be considered in modeling plastic deformation and grain refinement during SPP.
Impact of a strong temperature gradient on grain growth in films
Authors: Zöllner D
Published: December 2021

The migration of grain boundaries and, therewith, the phenomenon of grain growth depend strongly on the annealing temperature. Generally, higher temperatures are associated with higher mobilities of the boundaries and therewith faster microstructural coarsening. In the present study, the influence of a strong temperature gradient on grain growth in thin films is investigated. To that aim, a modified three-dimensional Potts model algorithm is employed, where the annealing temperature changes with the thickness of the sample taking grain boundary mobility and energy into account. The resulting drag effect has serious consequences for the temporal and spatial evolution of the grain microstructure.
Wafer-scale plasmonic metal–dielectric–metal structural color featuring high saturation and low angular dependence
Authors: Huang Yudie , Lv Fanzhou , Chen Jiaxu , He Shijia , Wang Zhihang , La Junqiao , Wu Dongda , Cong Rong , Wang Yi , Wang Wenxin
Published: December 2021

Structural color has been studied through various methods due to its distinguished features of stability, durability, high information storage density and high integration. However, the artificial structural color samples do not exhibit superior performance in color saturation and low angular dependence. Here, we present an approach to acquire additive reflective color based on a metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) stack. The upper layer composed of Ag particles is perforated in a hexagonal arrangement which profits from the dielectric anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane. The size and shape of the Ag particles are getting inhomogeneous as the deposition thickness of the upper layer increasing, which expands the desired absorption range of surface plasmons. The residual non-anodized Al foil serves as a highly reflective substrate for efficient color presenting through the thin-film interference in this plasmonic MDM system. As a result, the color gamut area of this MDM stack is extended 8 times in CIE chromaticity coordinates. Finally, a wafer-scale (diameter of 83 mm) badge of Harbin Engineering University (HEU) with highly saturated colors and a pattern characterized with low angle-dependent property (up to 60°) are presented, which exhibit promising prospects in commercial coloring and imaging.
Leakage mechanism in Al
x
Ga1−x
N/GaN heterostructures with AlN interlayer
Authors: Köhler Klaus , Pletschen Wilfried , Kirste Lutz , Leone Stefano , Müller Stefan , Aidam Rolf , Bronner Wolfgang , Brückner Peter , Waltereit Patrick , Polyakov Vladimir , Ambacher Oliver
Published: December 2021

Leakage of Al
x
Ga1−x
N/GaN heterostructures was investigated by admittance–voltage profiling. Nominally undoped structures were grown by low-pressure metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. The investigated structures had an Al-content of 30%. They are compared to structures with an additional 1 nm thick AlN interlayer placed before the Al0.3Ga0.7N layer growth, originally to improve device performance. Conductance of field effect transistor devices with AlN interlayer, measured from depletion of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) to zero volt bias at frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 10 kHz, could be described by free charge carriers using a Drude model. The voltage dependent conductance shows a behavior described by either Poole-Frenkel emission or Schottky emission (SE). From the size of the conductance, as well as simulation of the tunneling current injected from the gate under off-state conditions by universal Schottky tunneling, SE is obvious. Evaluating the data by SE, we can locate the leakage path, of tens of nm in the range between gate and drain/source with contact to the 2DEG, originating from the AlN interlayer. The static dielectric constant in growth direction, necessary for the evaluation, is determined from various Al
x
Ga1−x
N/GaN heterostructures to ϵ
||(0) = 10.7 ± 0.1.
Phantom-like dark energy from quantum gravity
Authors: Oriti Daniele , Pang Xiankai
Published: December 2021

We analyse the emergent cosmological dynamics corresponding to the mean field hydrodynamics of quantum gravity condensates, in the group field theory formalism. We focus in particular on the cosmological effects of fundamental interactions, and on the contributions from different quantum geometric modes. The general consequence of such interactions is to produce an accelerated expansion of the universe, which can happen both at early times, after the quantum bounce predicted by the model, and at late times. Our main result is that, while this fails to give a compelling inflationary scenario in the early universe, it produces naturally a phantom-like dark energy dynamics at late times, compatible with cosmological observations. By recasting the emergent cosmological dynamics in terms of an effective equation of state, we show that it can generically cross the phantom divide, purely out of quantum gravity effects without the need of any additional phantom matter. Furthermore, we show that the dynamics avoids any Big Rip singularity, approaching instead a de Sitter universe asymptotically.
On an application of the Boundary control method to classical moment problems.
Authors: Mikhaylov A S , Mikhaylov V S
Published: December 2021

We establish relationships between the classical moments problems which are problems of a construction of a measure supported on a real line, on a half-line or on an interval from prescribed set of moments with the Boundary control approach to a dynamic inverse problem for a dynamical system with discrete time associated with Jacobi matrices. We show that the solution of corresponding truncated moment problems is equivalent to solving some generalized spectral problems.
Stability estimation of the generalized solution to the direct problem for the acoustic equation
Authors: Kabanikhin Sergey , Nurseitova Altyn , Kasenov Syrym
Published: December 2021

The initial-boundary value problem for the acoustic equation with data on a timelike surface is considered in this paper. Such a problem arises, for example, if it is required to determine the acoustic pressure inside the region from a fixed response to part of the boundary from the source involved at the same boundary. It is assumed that the medium is at rest up to a certain instant of time and the parameters of the medium, for example, acoustic density, are known. The problem is considered in a triangular domain. The advisability of this was shown in the second half of the last century in the works of Romanov V.G. (for example, [1]), where it was proved that the solution to the direct problem of acoustic is representable as the sum of a singular and a continuous terms. The author has written out the form of the singular part, investigated the problem in an integral statement, and also proved conditional well-posedness theorems for three cases: for a small parameter of the domain, for small data, and for the source representability of the sought solution. It is known that the initial-boundary value problem for the acoustic equation with data on a timelike surface is ill-posed. In this paper, the original ill-posed problem is reduced to an inverse problem with respect to some direct (well-posed) problem. The theorem is proved and a stability estimate of the generalized solution to the direct problem is obtained.
A minimization problem for the sum of weighted convolutions’ difference and a novel approach to the inverse problem of ECG- and PPG-signals recovering
Authors: Kel’manov A , Khamidullin S , Mikhailova L , Ruzankin P
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we consider an unstudied problem of approximation of an observed pulse train by by a quasiperiodic signal generated by a pulse with a given pattern (reference) shape. The quasiperiodicity allows variation of time intervals between repetitions of the pattern pulse, as well as nonlinear expansions of the pattern in time. Such inverse problems are common in electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) features extraction. The following two variants of the problem are considered. In the first variant, the number of the pulse repetitions is unknown, while in the second one, that number is given. The polynomial-time solvability of the both variants of the problem is constructively proved.
On the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the coefficient inverse problem for a semilinear parabolic equation
Authors: Sugezhik A L
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we consider the problem of determining the source function and the coefficient by the derivative with respect to time in a semilinear parabolic equation with overdetermination conditions defined on two different hyperplanes. The existence and uniqueness theorems of the classical solution of the posed coefficient inverse problem in the class of smooth bounded functions were proved. An example of input data satisfying the conditions of the proved theorems is given.