bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Candida albicans and Mixed Salivary Bacterial Biofilms on Antimicrobial Loaded Phosphated Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Dentino Andrew , Lee DongHwa , Dentino Kelley , Guentsch Arndt , Tahriri Mohammadreza
Published: January 2021

Biofilms play a crucial role in the development of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Inhibition of microbial adhesion to PMMA and phosphate containing PMMA has been examined in this work. C. albicans and mixed salivary microbial biofilms were compared on naked and salivary pre-conditioned PMMA surfaces in the presence or absence of antimicrobials (cetyl pyridinium chloride [CPC], KSL-W, histatin 5 [his 5]). Polymers with varying amounts of phosphate (0-25%) were tested using four C. albicans oral isolates as well as mixed salivary bacteria and 24 h biofilms were assessed for metabolic activity and confirmed using Live/Dead staining and confocal microscopy. Biofilm metabolism was reduced as phosphate density increased (15%: P=0.004; 25%: P=0.001). Loading of CPC on 15% phosphated disks showed a substantial decrease (P=0.001) in biofilm metabolism in the presence or absence of a salivary pellicle. Salivary pellicle on uncharged PMMA enhanced the antimicrobial activity of CPC only. CPC also demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity on mixed salivary bacterial biofilms under different conditions displaying the potent efficacy of CPC (350 µg/ml) when combined with an artificial protein pellicle (Biotene half strength).
Analysis of Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomalies and Seismic Activities in MedRidge Zone
Authors: Kutoglu Senol Hakan , Becek Kazimierz
Published: January 2021

Mediterranean Ridge accretionary complex (MAC) is one of the most critical subduction zones in the world. It is known that the region exhibits a continuous mass change (horizontal/vertical movements). This process is associated with the devastating and tragic earthquakes shaking the MAC for centuries. Here, we investigate the ocean bottom pressure (OBP) anomalies in the MAC derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow On (GRACE-FO) satellite missions. The OBP time series for the MAC comprises a decreasing trend in addition to 1-, 1.53-, 2.36-, 3.67-, and 9.17-year periodic components partially explained by the atmosphere, oceans, and hydrosphere (AOH) processes, and Earth's pole movement. We noticed that the OBP anomalies appear to link to a rising trend and periods in earthquakes' power time series. This finding sheds new light on the mechanisms controlling the most destructive natural hazard.
Nursing Faculty Shortage in Canada: A Review of Contributing Factors
Authors: Boamah Sheila A. , Callen Miranda , Cruz Edward
Published: January 2021

Background: Strong nursing faculty is paramount to promote disciplinary leadership and to prepare future nurses for practice. Our understanding of the factors associated with or predictive of nurse faculty retention and/or turnover is lacking. Purpose: The aim of this review is to identify and synthesize the existing literature on factors contributing to nurse faculty shortage in Canada and implications on nursing practice. Methods: A scoping review based on the Arskey and O’Malley’s five stage framework for scoping reviews was undertaken. Utilising the PRISMA protocol, a comprehensive and structured literature search was conducted in five databases of studies published in English.Findings: Limited through search inclusion and relevance of research, nine studies out of 220 papers met the criteria for this review and were thematically analyzed. Identified themes were: supply versus demand; employment conditions; organizational support; and personal factors.Discussion: Impending retirement of faculty, unsupportive leadership, and stressful work environments were frequently reported as significant contributing factors to the faculty shortage.Conclusions: This scoping review provide insights into how Canada’s schools of nursing could engage in grounded efforts to lessen nursing faculty shortage, both nationally and globally. We identified a gap in the literature that indicates that foundational work is needed to create context-specific solutions. The limited studies published in Canada suggests that this is a critical area for future research and funding.
Development of a Structured Interview to Explore Interpersonal Schema of Elderly Living Alone Based on Autobiographical Memory
Authors: Kwan Yunna , Choi Sungwon , Eom Tae Rim , Kim Tae hui
Published: January 2021

As a growing public interest in social health of elderly, studies focusing on social networks and interpersonal relationships of the elderly are needed. The present study was conducted to de-velop a structured interview to evaluate the interpersonal schema based on Self-Defining Memory of elderly. First, the word cues that the elderly often report on interpersonal events were con-firmed. Next, the indices and scoring rules were prepared, including Relationship frequency (RF), Conflict frequency (CF), Dominance mean (Dm), and Warmth mean (Wm). Healthy elderly peo-ple living alone (mean age = 71.81, SD = 3.95) were interviewed. Finally, the correlation between each index and Short form of Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales (KIIP-SC) was analyzed for criterion validity. The inter-rater reliability was substantial (Kappa = .61 ~ .66). Based on the analysis of criterion validity, the indices of CF, Dm, and Wm indices showed an appropriate level of criterion validity. This study developed a structural interview based on a novel system of reporting autobiographical memory and established indices with appropriate validity to evaluate interpersonal relationships. The interview is expected to identify the characteristics of interpersonal relationships of the elderly and contribute to the establishment of the elderly community, accordingly.
Association of Gut Microbiome and Vitamin D in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Ramasamy Boopalan , Magne Fabien , Tripathy Sujit Kumar , Venugopal Giriprasad , Mukherjee Diptasree , Balamurugan Ramadass
Published: January 2021

Background: A Few preclinical studies have shown that Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammation. This pilot study was designed to look at the gut microbiome composition in KOA patients and normal individuals with or without vitamin D deficiency (VDD, serum vitamin D <30 ng/ml). Methods: This pilot study was conducted prospectively in 24 participants. The faecal samples of all the participants were taken for DNA extraction. The V3-V4 region of 16s rRNA was amplified and the library was prepared and sequenced on the Illumina Miseq platform. Results: The mean (±SD) age was 45.5 (±10.2) years with no defined co-morbidities. Of 447 total Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), a differential abundance of 16 nominally significant OTUs between the groups were observed. Linear discriminate analysis (LEfSe) revealed a significant difference in bacteria among the study groups. Pseudobutyrivibrio and Odoribacter were specific for VDD while Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Gordonibacter were abundant in the KOA_VDD group and Peptococcus, Intestimonas, Delftia, and Oribacterium were abundant in the KOA group. About 80% of bacterial species were common among different groups and hence labeled as core bacterial species. However, the core microbiome of KOA and VDD groups were not seen in the KOA_VDD group, suggesting that these bacterial groups were affected by the interaction of the KOA and VDD factors. Conclusion: Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Odoribacter, and Gordonibacter are the predominant bacteria in vitamin D deficient patients with or without KOA. Together these results indicate an association between the gut microbiome, vitamin D, and knee osteoarthritis.
Impact of different restorative techniques on the stress distribution of endodontically-treated maxillary first premolars: a 2-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Matos Felipe de Souza , Cunha Thaís Christina , Correia Ayla Macyelle de Oliveira , Tribst João Paulo Mendes , Caneppele Taciana Marco Ferraz , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate, through finite element analysis, the impact of different restorative techniques on stress distribution in endodontically-treated maxillary first premolars. A human maxillary first premolar was modeled following the real anatomical dimensions, through a periapical radiography, using the Rhinoceros software, version 4.0SR8. The model was then replicated to compose the groups according to the coronary restorative technique: C (coltosol), GI.C (glass ionomer + coltosol), GI (glass ionomer), CR.GI (conventional resin + glass ionomer), and BR.GI (Bulk Fill resin + glass ionomer). After the models were finished, they were imported as IGES ﬁles into ANSYS software, version 17.2. Fixation was defined at the base of the cortical bone and the load was applied with 300 N axially to the buccal and palatal cusps. The results generated were in maximum principal stress (MPS), with the CR.GI and BR.GI groups presenting the lowest values of tension concentration and more homogeneous stress distribution, followed by GI, GI.C and C. All restorative techniques affected the stress distribution in endodontically-treated maxillary first premolars, promoting greater tension in the occlusal third, at the interface with the buccal wall, and in the cervical third. Conventional or Bulk Fill resins associated with a glass ionomer base have a superior biomechanical behavior in relation to coltosol or glass ionomer.
Application of Problem Based Learning Model with Mind Mapping Method to Improve Activeness And Students Learning Outcomes of XI TKJ 2 in Network System Administration
Authors: Nurnaeni Dwi , Effendi Agus , Wihidayat Endar Suprih
Published: January 2021

This research aims to improve the results of activeness and learning outcomes Network System Administration through the application of Problem Based Learning Model with Mind Mapping method grade XI student TKJ SMK N 1 Sukoharjo. This research is a class action research (PTK). The study was conducted in two cycles consisting of four phases: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subject in this study is a grade XI student TKJ SMK N 1 Sukoharjo which amounted 35 students. The data collection techniques used are tests, observations, interviews, and documentation. Data validity test techniques use data source triangulation techniques and triangulation methods. Data analysis techniques use quantative descriptive analysis models. Based on the results of the research, it is important to know that the implementation of Problem Based Learning’s model with Mind Mapping method can improve the results of activeness and learning outcomes Network System Administration in XI-grade students of TKJ SMK N 1 Sukoharjo. Such improvement can be proved by increasing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor values at each of its cycles. on average the student’s cognitive test scores were 66.09 with a percentage of 31.43%. The student’s affective value of 68.75 can be categorized less, while the percentage of the affective distance is  61.43%. On average, the student’s psychomotor value is 74.9,  the percentage of student’s psychomotor submission reaches 62.86%. The percentage of the activeness student’s is 65% can be categorized less. On the I cycle, the average cognitivevalue of students reaches 75.57 with a percentage of the  71.43% compensation. The average psychomotor value reaches 80, the percentage of student’s satisfaction is 74.28%, while the affective value reached 75 can be categorized well with a percentage of the compensation of 73.57%, and the percentage of the activeness student’s 77.24%. In cycle II, the cognitive average value increases to 83.42 with a percentage of the 88.57%, while the affective average value increased to 87.5 can be categorized very well with a percentage of the compensation of 82.86% and the average value psychomotor increased to 83.33, student’s submission value was 88.57%. and the percentage of the activeness student’s 82,14%. The conclusion in this study is the application of Problem Based Learning’s model with Mind Mapping method can improve the results of activeness and learning outcomes Network System Administration XI students of TKJ SMK 1 Sukoharjo.
Model Pengembangan Layanan Library Tour Perpustakaan Universitas Sebelas Maret ( Sebuah Usulan )
Authors: Hermanto Bambang
Published: January 2021

Generasi muda masih banyak yang belum mengenal perpustakaan. Perpustakaan harus melakukan terobosan baru untuk memberikan pengetahun, wawasan dan pemahaman mengenai perpustakaan. Pepatah berbunyi tak kenal maka tak sayang. Makna pepatah tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai pemacu perpustakaan untuk berbenah diri dalam rangka  pengenalan layanan, koleksi, sarana prasarana, jenis layanan dan sumber informasi yang dimiliki ke masyarakat luas. Layanan library tour akan menjadi magnet bagi masyarakat untuk berkunjung di perpustakaan. Peserta library tour diberikan wawasan dan pengetahuan tentang seluk beluk perpustakaan,  sejarah berdirinya Universitas Sebelas Maret di Museum UNS, keliling kampus, Perpustakaan Radya Pustaka, Perpustakaan Monumen Pers, Batik Laweyan, Keraton Surakarta dan Museum Sangiran.

Keywords : Library Tour, Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi, Pengenalan Perpustakaan, dan Pengembangan Layanan
Pengaruh Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Metode Permainan Terhadap Penerimaan Diri Siswa Kelas X SMAN I BABELAN
Authors: Walimsyah Muhammad Walimsyah Sitorus
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode permainan dengan layanan bimbingan kelompok terhadap penerimaan diri siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi ekperimen design nonequivalent control group design. Kelompok eksperimen menerima perlakukan berupa 11 sesi bimbingan kelompok yang diselenggarakan dua kali dalam sehari. Kelompok kontrol tidak menerima perlakuan.

Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Siswa/Siswi kelas X SMAN I Babelan tahun angkatan 2018. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Siswa/Siswi yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 orang dengan skor penerimaan diri berada dalam kategori rendah. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam menentukan sampel penelitian ini adalah instrumen penerimaan diri dengan empat pilihan dalam model skala likert yang terdiri 36 butir valid dengan reliabilitas menggunakan cronbach’s alpha sebesar 0,735.

Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa nilai Asymp. Sig sebesar 0.005, melalui hasil perhitungan maka diperoleh kesimpulan pada penerimaan diri siswa/siswi sig < 0.05, Artinya peningkatan penerimaan diri siswa/siswi kelas X SMAN  I Babelan kelompok treatment lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan guru bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah untuk melakukan kegiatan layanan bimbingan kelompok dengan metode permainan terhadap penerimaan diri siswa.
Psikoedukasi Agresi Sebagai Upaya Untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Anti-Agresi Pada Siswa SMPN ABC Surabaya
Authors: Bungaran Daniel Reyonald , Cahyanti Ika Yuniar
Published: January 2021

This psychological intervention aims to increase the knowledge of anti-aggression among students in class “X”, SMPN ABC, Surabaya by giving anti-aggression psychoeducation. This research  is a pre experimental  research,  one group pretest- posttest design. Whole sampling was used as sampling technique with 39 students as sample. The knowledge of anti-aggression was measured by pretest-posttest questionnaire made by researcher. Data is analyzed by using paired sample t-test. The result of intervention shows that there is a significant difference between   pretest and  posttest score of knowledge of anti-aggression (p =0.000 <0.05) after the delivery of psychoeducation.
Belajar Islam Itu Penting: Studi Deskriptif-Komparatif Kesejahteraan Spiritual Antara Pemuda yang Melihat Kajian Secara Daring dan Yang Melihat Kajian Islam Secara Tatap Muka
Authors: Yundianto Devie , Khatami Muhammad , Fikri Muhammad
Published: January 2021

The digital age is an era that facilitates human in many ways, including learning in Islam. The ease in getting internet access and great curiosity in Islamic teaching make the community, especially young people can get qualified Islamic Lecturer (Ustadz) lectures in just one click, like Youtube (online). On the other hand, there are some experts who say that in Islamic Learning, individual should immediately come face to face in attending the lecture and have a lot of friends to motivate the learning (offline). Islamic learning has been viewed as a tools in rasing the faith to God (Allah); in the deity that cannot be seen, in which the spiritual well being is the one of helping indicators in comprehending life. Spiritual well-being is a variable of social psychology and positive psychology that supports a person in understanding the meaning of life and one's belief in a power greater than oneself. Some literature reveals some discussions with his religion, then getting closer to Allah. Quantitative research methods were used in this study. The sample consisted of 100 people consisting of 15 to 24 years with a convenience sampling technique. The data that has been analyzed found that there is no difference in Spiritual Well Being among Youth participating in Islamic lecture both online and offline
Hubungan Bullying Dengan Kemampuan Sosial Pada Remaja Di SMK X Kota Bandung
Authors: Pragholapati Andria , Muliani Rizki , Lia Aryanti Fita
Published: January 2021

Juvenile delinquency that is happening is bullying. In 2015, 84% of Indonesian students experienced difficulties in school. One of the problems of bullying is disrupt social abilities. In Bandung's X Vocational School, most of the adolescents claimed to have corrected bullying by their peers. This study aims to find the relationship of bullying with the social abilities of adolescents in X Vocational School in Bandung. This type of research uses descriptive research through cross-sectional research. The sample consisted of 83 students taken by purposive sampling technique. Data collection uses a Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale questionnaire for bullying variables and Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) for social ability variables. Data analysis was performed by non-parametric statistics using the Spearman Rank valuation method. Results: Research shows that most adolescents have high rates of bullying (88%) and most adolescents have moderate social abilities (56.6%). Statistical test results using the Spearman rank test (p-value = 0.023) with a value of r = 0.249. Conclusion: it can be concluded that there is a weak relationship between intimidation and social ability. Based on this, it is expected that for other parties, SMK X should pay more attention to develop adolescents through routine development activities by activating counseling.
Perilaku Perundungan di Dunia Maya Siswa Ditinjau dari Kualitas Kelekatan Teman Sebaya dan Kontrol Diri
Authors: Putri Swasti Rasmita Rukmi  , Lisnawati Lisnawati
Published: January 2021

Cyberbullying  pada remaja menjadi fenomena yang banyak terjadi akhir-akhir ini. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal. lekatan Teman Sebaya sebagai faktor eksternal dan kontrol diri sebagai faktor internal menjadi salah satu faktor yang berkorelasi dengan cyberbullying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas kelekatan teman sebaya dan kontrol diri dengan perilaku cyberbullying siswa di SMA Ponorogo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif dengan skala cyberbullying, skala kualitas kelekatan teman sebaya, dan skala kontrol diri. Populasi penelitian ini adalah kelas X dan XI di salah satu SMA yang ada di Ponorogo sebanyak 833 orang siswa. Cluster random sampling sebagai teknik sampling yang digunakan dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 81 orang siswa. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kualitas kelekatan teman sebaya dan kontrol diri secara bersama-sama terhadap perilaku cyberbullying atau dengan kata lain perilaku cyberbullying hanya dipengaruhi oleh satu prediktor saja dengan nilai r= 0,304 dan p=0,006 sehingga hipotesis mayor dalam penelitian ini ditolak. Kemudian analisis pada masing-masing prediktor menunjukkan bahwa kualitas kelekatan teman sebaya tidak ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan terhadap perilaku cyberbullying (p=0,187) sehingga hipotesis minor pertama ditolak, sementara kontrol diri menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan terhadap perilaku cyberbullying (p=0,006) sehingga hipotesis minor kedua diterima.
Amyloodinium sp. (Brown, 1931) (Dinoflagellida) infestation in captive stock of silver moony, Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Thomas Dani , Navaneeth Krishnan A. , Ezhil Praveena P. , Raymond Jani Angel J. , Kailasam M. , Jithendran K.P.
Published: January 2021

This study was undertaken to investigate the cause of mortality in the captive stock of silver moony Monodactylus argenteus. The fishes showed severe infection of dinoflagellate protozoan Amyloodinium sp. (Blastodinida, Oodiniaceae) on gills and skin with complete mortality of the stock within a week. Histopathological changes were evident in the gill tissues with severe lamellar epithelial cell hyperplasia and lamellar fusions with the presence of trophonts of Amyloodinium sp. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also revealed trophonts of Amyloodinium sp. of varying sizes in groups consisting of 3 to 5 trophonts tightly attached to gill lamellae. Source water contaminated with the tiny infectious form of the parasite (dinospores) favoured by higher salinity and low water temperature in the rearing tank could be the triggering factor for the spurt of infections. Proper quarantine and biosecurity protocols to prevent the potential sources of water-borne infection sources are likely to be far more effective than treatment.
Effect of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae on the growth and maturation of Rainbow shark Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Fowler, 1934) under captive rearing
Authors: Karthick Raja P. , Aanand S. , Stephen Sampathkumar J. , Padmavathy P.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of replacing fishmeal with silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) meal in the diet of rainbow shark Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Fowler, 1934), on growth and maturation. Four isonitrogenous and isocalorific experimental diets (35% CP) were prepared using silkworm pupae (SWP) replacing fish meal at three different levels viz., 30% (T1), 40% (T2) and 50% (T3) and diet with only fish meal served as control (C). The experimental trail was conducted in hapas, in duplicates, installed in an earthen pond. The fish (average weight - 1.4 g and total length - 5.24 cm) were stocked @10 nos. per hapa. During the experimental period, water quality parameters were monitored routinely. The experimental diets T1, T2 and T3 performed significantly better than diet C (control) in terms of growth performance. Among the four diets, T1 showed significantly higher weight gain (5.18±0.28 g), specific growth rate, SGR (2.54±0.07% day-1), protein efficienvy ratio, PER (1.50±0.04) and food conversion ratio, FCR (1.91±0.06) compared to other treatment groups. Among all the diets, highest gonadosomatic index, GSI (14.90%) was obtained in fish fed diet T1. At the end of the experiment, all the experimental diets fed fishes showed similar stages of maturity, late vitellogenic stage. Overall, the results of the present study conclude that SWP can be used as a low-cost animal protein to replace fish meal upto 30% in the diet.
Digital tools in the Informed Consent process: a systematic review
Authors: Francesco Gesualdo , Daverio Margherita , Palazzani Laura , Dimitriou Dimitris , Domingo Javier Diez , Fons-Martinez Jaime , Jackson Sally , Vignally Pascal , Rizzo Caterina , Tozzi Alberto Eugenio
Published: January 2021

Background: Providing understandable information to patients is necessary to achieve the aims of the Informed Consent process: respecting and promoting patients’ autonomy and protecting patients from harm. In recent decades, new, primarily digital, technologies have been used to apply and test innovative formats of Informed Consent. We conducted a systematic review to explore the impact of using digital tools for Informed Consent in both clinical research and in clinical practice.. Understanding, satisfaction and participation were compared for digital tools versus the non-digital Informed Consent process.Methods: We searched for studies on available electronic databases, including Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane. Studies were identified using specific Mesh-terms/keywords. We included studies, published from January 2012 to October 2020, that focused on the use of digital Informed Consent tools for clinical research, or clinical procedures. Digital interventions were defined as interventions that used multimedia or audio-video to provide information to patients. We classified the interventions into 3 different categories: video only, non-interactive multimedia, and interactive multimedia.Results: Our search yielded 19,579 publications. After title and abstract screening 100 studies were retained for full-text analysis, of which 73 publications were included. Studies examined interactive multimedia (29/73), non-interactive multimedia (13/73), and videos (31/73), and most (34/38) studies were conducted on adults. Innovations in consent were tested for clinical/surgical procedures (26/38) and clinical research (12/38). For research IC, 21 outcomes were explored, with a positive effect on at least one of the studied outcomes being observed in 8/12 studies. For clinical/surgical procedures 49 outcomes were explored, and 21/26 studies reported a positive effect on at least one of the studied outcomes. Conclusions: Digital technologies for informed consent were not found to negatively affect any of the outcomes, and overall, multimedia tools seem desirable. Multimedia tools indicated a higher impact than videos only. Presence of a researcher may potentially enhance efficacy of different outcomes in research IC processes. Studies were heterogeneous in design, making evaluation of impact challenging. Robust study design including standardization is needed to conclusively assess impact. Trial registration: NA
Nomograms to Predict the Prognosis in Locally Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Curative Resection
Authors: Nie Zhiliang , Zhao Pengcheng , Shang Yishan , Sun Bo
Published: January 2021

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the dominant histologic type of oral cancer. Locally advanced OSCC remains a major therapeutic challenge. Our study aimed to develop and validate nomograms predicting survival prognosis in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after curative resection. Methods: A total of 269 consecutive patients with primary OSCC who received curative resection between September 2007 and March 2020 were retrospectively enrolled in our study. Patients were randomly assigned to the training cohort (n=201) or the validation cohort (n=68). Multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) in the training set, which were used for the construction of nomogram models estimating 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS. We also evaluated the nomograms using concordance indices (c-index), calibration curves, and decision curve analyses (DCA), and compared those with the AJCC 8th staging system. The results were externally validated in the validation cohort.Results: Age, Kaplan-Feinstein (KFI) index, pT, the number of positive nodes and systemic inflammatory index (SII) were significant prognostic predictors for OS and CSS. The OS nomogram had c-index values of 0.712 in the training set and 0.697 in the validation set, while the CSS nomograms had c-index values of 0.709 in the training set and 0.675 in the validation set. These data were superior to those of AJCC 8th staging system, suggesting high discriminative ability of the nomograms. Calibration curves exhibited good agreement between observed and predicted survival. DCA curves indicated the nomograms were with potential clinical usefulness. These results were validated in the validation set.Conclusions: The novel nomograms incorporating clinically available characteristics for OS and CSS prediction were developed in the locally advanced OSCC patients after curative surgery. Validation revealed good discrimination and calibration, indicating the clinical utility of the nomograms in the individualized prognosis prediction of locally advanced OSCC after curative surgery.
Heterogeneous C─H Functionalization in Water via Porous Covalent Organic Framework Nano Films: A Case of Catalytic Sphere Transmutation
Authors: Banerjee Rahul , Sasmal Himadri , Bag Saikat , Chandra Bittu , Majumder Poulami , Kuiry Himangshu , Sengupta Sayam
Published: January 2021

Heterogeneous catalysis in water has not been explored beyond certain advantages like recyclability and recovery of the catalysts from the reaction medium. In doing so, they often fail to address other authentic pitfalls of homogeneous catalysis. Moreover, poor yield, extremely low selectivity, and active catalytic sites' deactivation further underrate the heterogeneous catalysis in water. On the other hand, most of the synthetically useful homogeneous catalysts are either water intolerant or remain catalytically inactive in water. Considering these facts, we have rationally designed and synthesized solution dispersible porous covalent organic framework (COF) nano-spheres to utilize their distinctive morphology and dispersibility to bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The success has further been extended in fabricating catalyst immobilized COF thin-films via covalent self-assembly for the very first time. We have used these catalyst immobilized COF thin-films to develop a general methodology for the C-H functionalization of organic substrates in water. This unique covalent self-assembly occurs through the protrusion of the fibers/threads at the interface of two nano-spheres, transmuting the catalytic spheres into films without any leaching of catalyst molecules, which was hitherto unheard of. The catalyst immobilized porous COF thin-films' chemical functionality and hydrophobic environment stabilizes the high valent transient active oxoiron(V) intermediate in water and restricts the active catalytic site's deactivation. An elevated catalytic yield and high selectivity (3°:2°) have been achieved in open-air conditions at room temperature, accompanying the elemental feature of heterogeneous catalysis, i.e., the recyclability. These COF films functionalized the unactivated C-H bonds in water with a high catalytic yield (45-99%) and with a high degree of selectivity (cis:trans=155:1; 3°:2°=257:1 in case of cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane). To establish the "practical implementation" of this approach, we conducted the inflow catalysis (Turnover Number = 355±5) using catalyst immobilized COF films fabricated on a macroporous polymeric support.
Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus Interepidemic Activity in Lower Moshi area of Kilimanjaro Region, North Eastern Tanzania: A Community Survey
Authors: Chilongola Jaffu , Kumalija Medard , Budodo Rule , Horumpende Pius , Mkumbaye Sixbert , Vianney John-Mary , Mwakapuja Richard , Mmmbaga Blandina
Published: January 2021

Background: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus of public health impact infecting livestock, wildlife, and humans mainly in Africa and other parts of the world. Despite its public health importance, mechanisms of RVFV maintenance during inter-epidemic (IEPS) periods and potentially spread to new areas remain unclear.We aimed to comparatively examine exposure to RVFV and RVFV infection among humans, goats and mosquitoes in an agro-pastoral community in Lower Moshi area of Moshi rural district.Results:Results show that the male gender was related to RVFV seropositivity (χ2 = 5.351; p=0.030). Being 50 years and above was related to seropositivity (χ2=14.430; p=0.006) whereas bed net use, larger numbers of persons living in the same house (>7 persons) and RVFV seropositivity in goats were related to higher seropositivity to RVFV among humans (χ2=6.003; p=0.021, χ2=23.213; p=0.000 and 27.053; p=0.000), respectively.RVFV antibody concentrations were only marginally higher in humans without statistically significant difference [t (112) =0.526; p=0.60)]. By the use of RT-qPCR, goats exhibited the highest RVFV infection rate of 4.1%, followed by humans (2.6%), Aedes spp(2.3%), and Culex spp(1.5%). Conclusions: In the absence of RVFV infection data in areas nearby the study site, our findings suggest Lower Moshi area as a potential hotspot for RVF, posing the danger of being a source of RVFV spread to other areas. Goats had the highest infection rate, suggesting goats as important hosts in the virus maintenance during IEPs. We recommend the design and implementation of strategies that will warrant effective active surveillance of RVF through the identification of RVF hotspots for targeted control of RVF.
Ni-Catalyzed Hydroaminoalkylation of Alkynes with Amines
Authors: Yao Wei-Wei , Li Ran , Chen Hao , Chen Ming-Kai , Luan Yu-Xin , Wang Yi , Yu Zhi-Xiang , Ye Mengchun
Published: January 2021

Hydroaminoalkylations of alkenes with amines have been widely explored, while analogous reactions of alkynes have been a formidable challenge. Herein, a late transition metal nickel-catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation of alkynes with amines was developed, providing a series of allylic amines in up to 94% yield. The use of double ligands (IPr and PCy3) and bulky amino protecting group proved critical to the reaction efficiency.
Content and Accessibility of United States Medical School Websites During COVID-19 and the Online Interview Season
Authors: Pollock Jordan , Moore M. Lane , Smith Jacob , Woolstenhulme Jonny , Markham Dane , Rhees Joshua , Poole Kenneth , Patel Naresh
Published: January 2021

BackgroundMost medical school applicants use the internet as a source of information when applying for medical school. Previous analyses have evaluated residency and fellowship websites, however, an in-depth analysis regarding medical school websites is lacking.MethodsWe evaluated 192 United States medical school websites for presence or absence of 39 items relevant to medical school applicants. Items fell into 7 general categories: curriculum, research, demographics of incoming class, admissions information, faculty, financial aid, and social.ResultsOf the 192 websites evaluated (152 allopathic and 40 osteopathic schools), websites contained a mean of 23 items (59%) with a standard deviation of 4.2 items. ConclusionOur study examining United States Medical School websites revealed a lack of online information for medical school applicants. As medical school interviews transition to being online during the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of the medical school website to applicants becomes increasingly crucial. The information contained in our study could be used to improve accessibility and information on medical school websites, which could help both applicants and medical schools themselves.
Optical Biometry and Influence of Media Opacity Due to Cataract on Development of Axial Length in Pediatric Eyes
Authors: Bhattacharjee Harsha , Buragohain Suklengmung , Javeri Henal , Deshmukh Saurabh
Published: January 2021

Aim: To study the influence of media opacity due to cataract on the development of axial length in paediatric eyes with the help of optical biometry.Method: In this prospective, observational study, all patients attending the paediatric outpatient department (OPD) of the institute underwent a comprehensive ocular and systemic evaluation. Patients suffering from any other ocular disease and systemic disease were excluded. Optical biometry was performed to measure the axial length in all the eyes. In each eye, five biometric measurements were acquired and average of these five readings were considered for the study. Patients were divided into three groups after proper age matching – 1. Group A (Bilateral cataract) 2. Group B (Unilateral cataract) 3. Group C (Bilateral normal). The axial length of the various groups were then compared. Results: A total of 540 eyes of 270 patients were involved in the study. 120 cases (n = 240 eyes) in Group A (bilateral cataract), 30 cases (n = 60 eyes) in Group B (unilateral cataract) and 120 (n = 240 eyes) in Group C (no cataracts). The mean age of the patients in all the groups was 9.38 ± 3.67 years (range: 1-17 years). In Group B, the difference in the AL between the cataractous eyes (22.44±1.48 mm; n = 30) and the fellow eyes (22.09±0.93 mm; n = 30) was not statistically significant (P = 0.277). The difference in the AL between the cataractous right eyes of Group A (22.9±3.51 mm, n = 120) and the non-cataractous right eye of Group C fellow eyes (22.57±0.71 mm, n = 120) was not statistically significant (P = 0.316). The difference in the AL between the cataractous left eyes of Group A (23.06±2.33 mm, n = 120) and the non-cataractous left eyes of Group C fellow eyes (22.56±0.78, n = 120) was statistically significant (P = 0.028). Conclusion: The results of our study and reported literature to date, seem to indicate a more significant role of genetic factors in comparison to media opacity, in the proportionate development of the AL.
Second Primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Radiotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Song Hao , Yang Ranran , Wu Kailiu , Lou Chao , Xiao Meng , Guo Wei , Ren Guoxin
Published: January 2021

Background：The clinical characteristics of second primary tumors in oral cavity after radiation was a special subtype of oral cancer and remained poorly studied. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of second primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.Methods：The clinicopathological characteristics of 48 OSCC patients underwent radiotherapy for head and neck cancer were retrospectively analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model, including gender, age, alcohol consumption, smoking, clinical stage, margin status, regional lymph node status, tumor differentiation and treatment mode.Results：The second primary OSCC mostly occurred on the tongue (18/48), bucca (12/48) and gingiva (10/48), and the 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 60.3% and 39.4%, respectively. Margin status (p=0.001, log-rank=10.777) and extranodal extension (p=0.045, log-rank=4.017) were significantly associated with OS, while only margin status was found to be an independent prognostic factor of OS in the Cox proportional hazards model (p=0.003, HR=3.976).Conclusions： OSCC patients underwent radiotherapy for head and neck cancer show poor survival outcomes. Margin status is an independent prognostic factor of second primary OSCC, and the prognostic of second primary OSCC was not in accordance with sporadic OSCC.
Degradation of Penicillin G by Visible Light Irradiation-assisted Biotransformation by Whole Cell Paracoccus Sp.
Authors: Wang Peng , Shen Chen , Cong Qinqin , Liu Jihua , Wang Xiaochun
Published: January 2021

Background: The Paracoccus sp. strain (KDSPL-02) isolated from sludge was identified and evaluated for catalytic activity in the degradation of penicillin G. Results: High degradation efficiency and synergistic catalytic effects of the whole cell and visible light without additional catalysts were observed. The key factors influencing the degradation and kinetics of penicillin G were investigated. The results showed the phenylacetic acid, which was produced during penicillin G biodegradation, exhibited stronger inhibiting effects on KDSPL-02. However, this effect was reduced by visible light irradiation without any additional photocatalyst; furthermore, the rate of penicillin G biodegradation was accelerated, reaching a 100% rate in 12 h at a penicillin G concentration of 1.2 g/L. Four key intermediates produced during penicillin G degradation were isolated and identified by LC–MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Enzymes involved in the PAA pathway were proposed from a genomic analysis of paracoccus sp. KDSPL-02. Conclusions:These results provide a new method for bio-degrading of penicillin or other antibiotic pollutants using photoaccelerating biocatalysts with greater efficiency and more environmentally friendly conditions.
Arthroscopic Multichannel Combined Approach in The Treatment of Knee Lumen Infection With Calf Effusion Abscess：A Retrospective Analysis of 15 Patients
Authors: Li Yuan , Deng Fuyuan , Liu Juncai , Zhou Peng , Lei Lei , Li Zhong
Published: January 2021

Background: It is rare to see knee lumen infection with calf effusion abscess. Traditional open surgery is traumatic, slow and difficult to recover. And there are few reports of using arthroscopy to diagnose and treat knee lumen infection with calf effusion abscess. This case series aims to introduce the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic treatment of knee lumen infection with calf effusion abscess.Methods：fifteen patients with knee joint cavity infections and calf abscesses from from January 2015 to December 2019, were included(11 males and 4 females; age range from 33 to 61, the average age is 46.6years). All patients were treated with arthroscopic multi-channel combined approach. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were recorded before and at the last follow-up. The knee function was evaluated according to the visual analogue scoring method (visual analogue scale, VAS) pain score and Lysholm score.Results：fifteen patients were followed up from 12 months to 2 years, and the average follow-up time was 18.4 months. The operation was smooth in all patients, the incisions were healed at grade I, no postoperative recurrence, no nerve damage, and no complications such as knee stiffness. At the last follow-up, ESR decreased from preoperative (44.6±10.1) to (11.4±3.1) (P<0.001), and CRP decreased from preoperative (30.2±8.0) to (3.9±1.0) (P<0.001). Lysholm score was reduced by Before (46.9±7.7) improved to (93.0±8.1) (P<0.001), the VAS score decreased from (7.0±0.9) before operation to (2.1±1.2) (P<0.001), and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion：Arthroscopic multi-channel combined approach is a safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment method for knee joint cavity infection with calf abscess.
Leptin G-2548A Gene Polymorphism is Positively Associated with Increased Plasma Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Saudi Patients Irrespective Status of Blood Pressure    
Authors: Dahman Lotfi S. Bin , Al-Daghri Nasser M.
Published: January 2021

The association between LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism with increased plasma leptin and glucose levels and blood pressure in a sample of obese Saudi patients has been evaluated. This is a cross-sectional study involved 206 Saudi adult subjects (94 males and 112 females), randomly selected from the primary health care centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study sample was categorized into three groups: 50 normotensive ND controls (age: 47.9±5.4 yr.; BMI 22.9±2.1 Kg/m2), 80 obese normotensive ND (age: 47.7±6.0 yr.; BMI 34.1±4.2 Kg/m2) and 76 obese hypertensive with T2D patients (age: 49.4±5.9 yr.; BMI: 35.1±4.7 Kg/m2). Analyses of LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with 2U of HhaI restriction enzyme. Plasma leptin and insulin levels were measured using the Luminex instrument. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured using a chemical autoanalyzer Konelab machine. Also, blood pressure and anthropometric data were measured. The association analysis with metabolic parameters showed that homozygous AA of the LEP gene had significantly higher plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IR compared with homozygous GG (6.8±0.55 vs. 5.8±0.30; p< 0.04; 4.1±0.84 vs. 2.6±0.67; p=0.03) respectively. Besides, heterozygous GA had significantly higher plasma leptin levels compared with homozygous GG (40.0±2.6 vs. 29.6±2.6; P= 0.04). GA, AA, GA+AA genotypes of the LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism are more prevalent among individuals with hyperglycemia (OR= 3.7, 95% CI= 1.6 to 8.4, P= 0.001; OR= 3.2, 95% CI= 1.2 to 8.6, P= 0.03; OR= 3.5, 95%CI= 1.6 to 7.7, P= 0.001) respectively. A allele of the LEP gene is more prevalent among subjects with hyperglycemia (OR= 1.9, 95%CI= 1.2 to 3.0, P=0.006). G-2548A variant of the LEP gene may not be considered as a genetic risk factor for hypertension in Saudi obese patients. However, the genotypes (GA and AA) and -2548AA allele of this gene may represent important risk factors predisposing healthy subjects to develop T2DM irrespective of the status of blood pressure.
Intermittent Bolus Versus Continuous Paravertebral Infusion on Postoperative Pain after Unilateral Mastectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Volio Andrew , Kim Daniel , Skolaris Alexis , Nutcharoen Aratara , Ayad Sabry
Published: January 2021

Background: Persistent pain is a common complication after mastectomy for breast cancer, and postoperative analgesia through paravertebral infusion is a promising technique for pain control after mastectomy. Although paravertebral local anesthetic infusion can be performed using continuous or intermittent bolus modes, there is no evidence of superiority of either infusion mode.Methods: We retrospectively studied patients who had undergone unilateral mastectomy with paravertebral catheter placed for postoperative analgesia between October 2017 and September 2018. Logistic regression was created to estimate the relative risk for moderate to severe pain defined by average pain scores greater than 4 using a 0 to 10 Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) within first 24 hours after surgery. Opioid consumption was compared using a Student T-test for difference in means using the log-transformed cumulative opioid consumption converted to milligrams of oral morphine equivalents (OME) within the first 48 hours after surgery.Results: 49 patients were included (continuous infusion group: 14; bolus infusion group: 35). Bolus paravertebral infusion was associated with reduction of relative risk of moderate to intense pain (adjusted relative risk: -0.96; 95%CI: -1.81, -0.1; p = 0.029) but there was no association with reduction in opioid consumption (difference of means: -1.4mg of OME; 95%CI: -2.78, 1.42; p = 0.33).Conclusion: Intermittent bolus infusion was associated with reduction of relative risk for moderate to severe postoperative pain for unilateral mastectomies. Therefore, paravertebral catheter infusion modality may influence postoperative pain experience after unilateral mastectomies.