bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respon Pertumbuhan Gulma dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung terhadap Herbisida 276 G/L pada Sistem Tanam TOT
Authors: Umiyati Uum
Published: July 2019

No tillage system (NTS) can save time and cost more efficiently in corn cultivation. The NTS system is closely related to herbicide use. The aimed of this study to study the effect of herbicide paraquat dichloride 276 g / L in suppressing weed growth in hybrid corn plantations with NTS. The study was conducted in April-September 2017 on land located in Tenjolayar Village, Cigasong District, Majalengka with an altitude at 193 above the sea level. The experiments used Randomized Complately Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications so there’re 24 experimental plots. The treatment were 1) 0.75 L / ha + TOT, 2) 1 L / ha + TOT, 3) 1.25 L / ha + TOT, 4) 1.5 L / ha + TOT, 5) Weeding manual + TOT, and 6) Control (OTS). Differences between treatments were tested using the F test, while to test the average value of treatment used Duncan's Multiple Distance Test 5%. Herbicide paraquat dichloride 276 g / L affects could suppress weed growth done on 1 week after application and 5 weeks after application. The optimum dose of paraquat dichlorthereide 276 g / L in weed control in hybrid corn plantations was 1.5 L / ha at 1 week after application and 5 weeks after application.
Produksi Empat Varietas Padi Sawah yang Diberi Kombinasi Pupuk Bio-Slurry dan NPK
Authors: Yafizham Yafizham , Lukiwati Dwi Retno
Published: July 2019

Non-organic agriculture has succeeded in increasing the production of lowland rice, but on the other hand also has a negative impact on the ecosystem of agriculture and the environment, such as the decreasing content of soil organic matter. One effort that can be done, is by adding bio-slurry organic fertilizer to the NPK fertilizer. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the combination of bio-slurry fertilizer and NPK fertilizer on the production of four rice paddy varieties. This research by experiment was conducted in Screen House Agrotechnopark, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Semarang campus, taking place from October 2018 to January 2019. The experiment used a randomized completely block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was a combination of bio-slurry + NPK fertilizer ie without N (P0) fertilizer, NPK 550 kg ha-1 fertilizer (P1), bio-slurry fertilizer 3 tons ha-1 + NPK fertilizer 400 kg ha-1 , 6 tons ha-1 bio-slurry fertilizer + 250 kg ha-1 NPK fertilizer, 9 tons ha-1 bio-slurry fertilizer + 100 kg ha-1 NPK fertilizer and 12 tons bio-slurry fertilizer ha-1. Whereas the second factor was the lowland rice varieties namely Inpari 23, Sultan Unsrat, Sintanur and Gilirang. The results of the variance analysis showed that the combination of bio-slurry + NPK fertilizer and lowland rice varieties had a very significant effect on grain yield per clump, number of filled grains, number of empty grains, total grain count, weight of 1000 grains, rice yield per pot and harvest index. The highest grain yield per clump (85.33 g) was obtained from the treatment of 550 kg ha-1 NPK fertilizer, while the highest grain yield per clump (58.06 g) was obtained from the Gilirang variety (V4), the highest total grain amount (174.58 grains) was obtained from the treatment of NPK 550 kg ha-1 and (212.28 grains) fertilizer produced by varieties Inpari 23. The highest yield per pot of rice (61.83 g) was obtained from the treatment of 550 kg ha-1 NPK fertilizer , while the highest paddy rice varieties which produced rice per pot of (63.22 g) were Inpari 23.
Pengaruh Pupuk Organik dan Jarak Tanam terhadap C-Organik, Populasi Jamur Tanah dan Bobot Kering Akar serta Hasil Padi Sawah pada Inceptisols Jatinangor, Sumedang
Authors: Adviany Ida , Maulana Dick Dick
Published: July 2019

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic fertilizer and plant spacing on organic-C, soil fungi population, dried weight root and rice yield (Oryza sativa L.) grown on Inceptisols Jatinangor. This experiment was arranged in split plot design, consisted of two factors with 12 treatments and three replications. The first factor as main plot was organic fertilizer, which dosage of 0, 200, 400 and 600 kg ha-1 respectively. The second factor as sub plot was plant spacing, which of 25 cm x 25 cm , 30 cm x 30 cm and 35 cm x 35 cm, respectively. The result of experiment showed that there were no interaction effect between organic fertilizer and plant spacing on organic-C, soil fungi population, root dry weight and rice yields. The main effect of plant spacing treatment gave significantly effected on dried weight of root and rice yields per plot and per 10 stool. The highest rice yield per plot, 9.276 kg plot-1 (4.638 t ha-1)was achieved from plants with  spacing 25 cm x 25 cm and the highest rice yield per 10 stools was 747 g from plants with spacing.35 cm x 35 cm.
Pengaruh Biochar terhadap Pertumbuhan Padi dalam Sistem Aerobik
Authors: Suswana Suli
Published: July 2019

An application of biochar to the intensive weathered soils potentially can change physical and chemical properties of the soils, improved soil function and increased yield of crops. A meta-analyses evaluation showed a significant correlation between biochar and plants productivity,  that means there are benefits of biochar application to the soils on plants productivities, that was increased 10%.This experiment was used Randomized Completed Block Design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments are: contr), 20 ton biochar ha-1, 40 ton biochar ha-1, 50 ton biochar ha-1, 60 ton biochar ha-1, 10 ton biochar + 10 ton poultry litter ha-1, 20 ton biochar + 20 ton poultry litter ha-1, 30 ton biochar + 30 ton poultry litter ha-1.  The results showed biochar 20 ton ha-1 could increase significantly of plant heigh, number of punicles per clump, and the weight dried straw per clump. Whereas, application combination 20-30 ton biochar ha-1 + 20-30 ton poultry litter ha-1 could increase amount of tillers per clump, amound of punicles per clump, and weight dried straw (total biomass) per clump significantly.
Pemanfaatan Macam dan Dosis Pupuk untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jambu Biji Kristal (Psidium Guajava)
Authors: Tini Etik Wukir , Rahman Anang Khairul , Mugiastuti Endang
Published: July 2019

Fertilization is any effort that aims to increase the availability of nutrients needed by plants, and increase crop production. The study aimed to obtain fertilizer types, fertilizer dosages and combinations of types and dosages of fertilizers suitable for growth and yield of Crystal Guava plants. The study was conducted on October 2018 to Mei 2019 on farmer’s land, Banjarsari Kulon Village, Sumbang District, Banyumas Regency and Agronomy and Horticulture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Sudirman University. The experimental design used was a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the type of fertilizer, namely NPK, SP-36 and MKP fertilizers. The second factor was fertilizer dosage, namely 20 g / plant, 30 g / plant, 40 g / plant and 50 g / plant. Observed data were done by Analysis of Variance and if it significantly affected then DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) was carried out at the level of 5%. The results showed that the most effective type of NPK fertilizer and dosage of 20 g / plant. The combination of NPK fertilizer with a dose of 20 g / plant was the most effective treatment for increasing the growth and yields of the Crystal Guava plant.
BİLİŞİM TEKNOLOJİSİ BOYUTLARININ ÖRGÜTSEL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ: GÖMLEK ÜRETİM İŞLETMELERİNDE UYGULAMA
Authors: DULKADİR Berkant
Published: July 2019

Hızla küreselleşen Dünya’da, rekabet nedeniyle ülkelerin coğrafi sınırları önemini giderek kaybederek sadece siyasi bir sınır olarak kalmaktadır. Bu durum ise işletmelerin daha doğru ve hızlı bir şekilde karar alarak diğer işletmelere göre rekabet üstünlüğü sağlamaları için sektör ile beraber teknolojideki gelişmeleri yakından takip etmelerini mecbur bir hale getirmiştir. Bu ihtiyaç gün geçtikçe artmakta ve kendini bariz bir şekilde göstermektedir. Bunların sonucu olarak teknolojideki hızlı gelişmelere paralel olarak Bilişim teknolojisindeki gelişmeler işletmeler tarafından izlenmektedir kaydedilmektedir. Bilişim Teknolojisi bilgisayar tabanlı üretilmiş ve işletmeler için gerekli olan bilgi sistemlerini doğru bir şekilde yönetmek için geliştirilmiştir. Bilişim Teknolojisi’nin işletmeler içindeki yeri her geçen gün artmaktadır. İşletmelerin; maliyetlerini düşürmek, rekabet edebilmek ve yeni pazarlar bulabilmek için Bilişim Teknolojisi’ne olan ihtiyacı oldukça fazladır. Bu nedenlerden dolayı işletmeler Bilişim Teknolojisini kullanmak zorunda kalmış ve zamanla bağımlı hale gelmiştir. Böylece Bilişim Teknolojisi’nin örgütsel performansı etkilediği kendini açıkça göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada Bilişim Teknolojisinin tanımı, kapsamı, işletmelerin Bilişim Teknolojisini kullanım nedenleri, işletmeler üzerindeki etkileri ve Bilişim Teknolojisi’nin örgütsel performans üzerindeki etkileri üzerinde durulmuş ve detaylandırılmıştır. Bilişim Teknolojisi kullanımının örgütsel performans üzerindeki etkilerinin sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Bu araştırma da; anket çalışması yapılmış olup, TR1 bölgesi olan İstanbul da gömlek üretimi alanında faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin durumları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
GÜÇ: FORMAL VE İNFORMAL YÖNDEN GÜCE KAVRAMSAL BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: ALKAN Ahmet , ERDEM Ramazan
Published: July 2019

Genel anlamda güç; potansiyel etkidir. Yani başkalarını etkileyebilme potansiyelidir. Formal güç-informal güç ayrımına gidildiğinde ise: formal güç kişinin bulunduğu pozisyonundan dolayı başkalarını etkileyebilme potansiyeli; informal güç ise, kişinin bulunduğu pozisyondan bağımsız olarak diğerlerini etkileyebilme kapasitesidir. Literatür incelendiğinde güçle ilgili çok sayıda tanımlamanın ve güç kaynakları sınıflamasının yapıldığı görülmektedir. Yapılan güç kaynakları sınıflamasından en çok kullanılanı French ve Raven tarafından yapılan beşli sınıflamadır. Bu taksonomiye göre güç kaynakları; ödül gücü, zorlayıcı güç, uzmanlık gücü, özdeşim gücü ve yasal güçtür. Fakat litaratürde güç kaynaklarının formal-informal ekseninde bir sınıflamasına rastlanamamıştır. Bu çalışmada formal ve informal yönleriyle güç olgusunun kavramsal çerçevesinin çizilebilmesi için bir derleme yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda güç konusunun genel anlamda ele alındığı, formal güç informal güç bağlamında yapılan değerlendimelerin yetersiz olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca kurumların yönetilmesinde önemli bir araç olabilecek informal gücün yöneticiler tarafından göz ardı edilmemesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
BRICS: BİR ALTERNATİF DÜZEN ARAYIŞI MI?
Authors: POYRAZ Murat
Published: July 2019

Soğuk Savaş sonrası uluslararası sistemde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri hegemonik bir konuma gelse ve tek kutuplu bir dünyadan bahsediliyor olsa da sistemin genel yapısı çok kutuplu görünümlü nitelikler de barındırmaktadır. Bu zeminde özellikle 2000’lerden bu yana, dünyanın farklı coğrafyalarında ekonomik gelişmelerine paralel şekilde kendilerini toparlayan ülkelerin bir kısmı, bugün uluslararası sistemden memnuniyetsiz kesimi oluşturmaktadır. Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin ve Güney Afrika’dan oluşan BRICS, uluslararası sistemdeki memnuniyetsiz kesimlerden birisidir. Küresel yönetişim sistemine daha çok söz hakkı isteyen BRICS ülkeleri, Dünya Bankası, Uluslararası Para Fonu gibi örgütlerden istediklerini elde edemeyince, kendi aralarında kurumsallaşmaya gitmişlerdir. Ekonomik alanda başlayan kurumsallaşma, Dünya Bankasına karşı New Development Bank, Uluslararası Para Fonuna karşı ise Contingent Reserve Arrangement’ın kurulması ile sonuçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, bu gibi kurumsallaşma girişimleri, Amerikan ve Batı düzenine karşı bir meydan okuma niteliği taşıdığı iddia edilebilir. İşbirliğini genişletmek isteyen BRICS ülkeleri, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin birçok alandaki etkisini kırabilecek güce sahiptir. Bu çalışma söz konusu etki kırma dinamiklerini incelemektedir.
SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIKLARI ÜZERİNDE ÖRGÜTSEL SİNİZMİN ETKİSİ
Authors: ÇİÇEK Hüseyin , ÇAKAR Hüseyin
Published: July 2019

Bu araştırmada sınıf öğretmenlerinin örgütsel bağlılıkları üzerinde örgütsel sinizmin etkisinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Burdur ilindeki 77 ilkokulda görev yapmakta olan 730 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanması için Örgütsel Sinizm Ölçeği ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Anket verilerinin analizinde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, yüzde, frekans, t-testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca örgütsel sinizm ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla Pearson Korelasyon analizi ve örgütsel sinizmin örgütsel bağlılığı ne derecede yordadığını öğrenmek için ise Çoklu Regresyon analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda; sınıf öğretmenlerinin örgütsel sinizm ortalaması, örgütsel bağlılık ortalamasından düşük çıkmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin örgütsel sinizmi en fazla yaşadıkları alt boyut davranışsal boyut iken en az yaşadıkları alt boyut ise duyuşsal boyuttur. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin örgütsel bağlılığı en fazla yaşadıkları alt boyut içselleştirme boyutu iken en az yaşadıkları alt boyut uyum alt boyutudur. Örgütsel sinizimin bilişsel ve duyuşsal boyutları örgütsel bağlılığın özdeşleşme ve içselleştirme boyutlarını anlamlı ve negatif şekilde etkilerken duyuşsal ve davranışsal sinizm boyutları ise örgütsel bağlılığın uyum boyutunu anlamlı ve pozitif olarak yordadığı tespit edilmiştir.
DİNAMİK YETENEKLERİN PAZAR VE MÜŞTERİ PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: HİZMET SEKTÖRÜNDE NİCEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: YILDIRIM ÖZMUTLU Saniye , CAN Esin
Published: July 2019

Günümüz dünyasında firmalar rakiplerinden daha fazla müşteriye hizmet vermek ve rakiplerinden daha fazla pazar payı elde edebilmek amacıyla sürekli rekabet hali içerisindedirler. Firmaların rekabet sürecinde kalıcı avantajlar elde edebilmesi rakiplerine nazaran daha fazla yeteneğe sahip olmasını gerektirmektedir. Önemli olan firmaların sahip oldukları yeteneklerini pazarın dinamizmine göre yeniden yapılandırabilmesi ve pazarın koşullarına duyarlı hale getirebilmesidir. Bu süreçte firmaların ve yöneticilerin yeteneklerinin farkına varabilmeleri ve sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı elde edebilmenin kaynağına ulaşabilmeleri gereklidir. Çalışmada; öncelikli olarak, organizasyonların sahip oldukları yeteneklerin dinamik mi yoksa operasyonel mi olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiğinin ayrımı literatür desteğiyle ortaya konulmuştur. Bu bağlamda; dinamik yetenekler görüşünün firmaların pazar ve müşteri performanslarına nasıl katkıda bulunduklarını belirleyerek, hizmet sektöründe ağırlıklı rolü olan lojistik firmaları üzerinde yapılan nicel bir araştırma ile ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın bağımsız değişkenini dinamik yetenekler, bağımlı değişkenini müşteri ve pazar performansı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma modelinde, değişkenler arasında bağlantı kurularak lojistik sektörü üzerindeki etkisi nicel bir çalışma ile ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada, anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile Marmara bölgesinde İstanbul ilinde yer alan ve lojistik sektöründe yönetici olarak çalışan 122 yöneticiye anket uygulanarak veriler elde edilmiştir. Veriler, SPSS istatistik paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, dinamik yeteneklerin müşteri ve pazar performansı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir.
MARKA KİŞİLİĞİNİN SATIN ALMA DAVRANIŞLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ, BİSKÜVİ VE GOFRET SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ATIGAN Fatma
Published: July 2019

Sürdürülebilir rekabette pazarlama alanı açısından anahtar kavramlardan biri haline gelmiş olan marka kişiliği kavramı, ürünler arasındaki özelliklerde çok önemli farklılıkların bulunmadığı sektörlerde, markanın tüketici zihninde belirgin bir yer edinmesi ve markanın tercih edilebilirliği hususunda oldukça etkilidir. Yapılan çalışmalarda tüketicilerin satın alma davranışlarında, kendi kişilik özelliklerine yakın veya olmak istedikleri kişilik özelliklerine sahip olan markaları daha çok tercih ettikleri görülmektedir. Diğer bir deyişle marka kişiliklerinin satın alma davranışları üzerinde olumlu bir etkisinin bulunduğu söylenebilir. Bu noktadan hareketle yapılan araştırmada Türkiye nüfusunun özellikle büyük bir bölümünü oluşturan gençler ve bu gençlerin en sık satın aldığı markalar konu edilmiştir. Araştırmaya başlanmadan önce 34 genç üzerinde bir ön test uygulanmış, gün içinde en çok tükettikleri 5 ürünü markasıyla birlikte yazmaları istenmiştir. Sonuçta gençlerin en çok bisküvi, çikolata ve gofret tarzı ürünleri satın aldıkları ve yine en çok Ülker, Eti ve Nestle markalarını tercih ettikleri saptanmıştır. Bu nedenle araştırmada marka kişiliği konusunda çikolata, gofret ve bisküvi sektöründeki Ülker, Eti ve Nestle markaları konu edinilmiş olup, analiz sonuçlarına bakıldığında özellikle genç nüfusun; başarılı, lider, nazik, dürüst, mütevazı ve haysiyetli özelliklerini yansıtan markaları tercih etmekte olup bu alanda çalışan işletmelerin marka kişiliklerini bu özellikler çerçevesinde yönlendirmeleri gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
FİNTEK EKOSİSTEMİ İÇİN GEREKLİ DÜZENLEMELER (REGTEK)
Authors: DEMİRDÖĞEN Yavuz
Published: July 2019

Blok zincir uygulamalarının yaygınlaşmasıyla finansal teknoloji (fintek) yön değiştirmiş ve ivme kazanmıştır. Hızla gelişen ve büyüyen fintek piyasası, organize piyasalardan farklı olarak, belirgin bir düzenlemeye ve denetime tabi değildir. Fintek ekosistemindeki girişimler işleyişi ve yapısı diğer para ve sermaye piyasaları gibi denetlenmeli ve belirli yaptırımlar uygulanmalıdır. Regülasyonların üç ayrı boyutu bulunmaktadır; finansal regülasyonlar, teknik – teknolojik regülasyonlar ve kum havuzları. Geleneksel finans servislerinin karşı karşıya olduğu riskleri taşıdığından, fintek servisleri için finansal regülasyonlar hayati önem arz etmektedir. Kontrol edilebilme ve denetleme açısından belirli teknik ve teknolojik gereksinimlerin sağlanması, hizmet ve servislerin sürdürülebilmesi için de önemlidir. Diğer yandan piyasaya girecek aktörlerin ve/veya uygulamaların laboratuvar çalışması niteliğindeki kum havuzlarının düzenlenmesi ise ayrı bir önem kazanmaktadır. Çalışmada üç perspektif de ele alınarak regülatörlerin ihtiyaç duyduğu yönler incelenmiştir. Kontrol ve denetim mekanizmasını yasalaştıran ülkelerden örnekler verilerek düzenlemelerin işlerliği ele alınmıştır.
SAĞLIK ALANINDAKİ KAMU SPOTLARINA İLİŞKİN TUTUM VE BEKLENTİLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KURT Aysel , YILMAZ ALARÇİN Eda
Published: July 2019

Kamu kurum ve kuruluşları, özellikle sağlık sektöründe toplumsal davranış değişikliği sağlamak için sosyal pazarlama kampanyalarından yararlanmaktadırlar. Sosyal pazarlama kampanyalarında kullanılan araçlardan biri de kamu spotlarıdır. Kamu spotları, bireylerin yanlış tutum ve davranışlarını terkederek hedeflenen davranışlara yönelmelerinde önemli bir rol üstlenmektedir. Kamu spotları başta sağlık olmak üzere birçok konuda olası tehlikelere karşı toplumu uyarmakta ve toplumun bu tehlikelere karşı gerekli önlemleri almalarını amaçlamaktadır. Günümüzde sağlık alanında yapılan kamu spotları da her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı; üniversite öğrencilerinin sağlık alanındaki kamu spotlarına ilişkin tutum ve beklentilerini değerlendirerek, kamu spotlarına ilişkin beklentilerin demografik özelliklere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını ölçmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda daha fazla kişiden veri toplayabilmek için, kolayda örnekleme yolu ile seçilen öğrencilere, yüz yüze anket metodu kullanılmıştır. Değerlendirilebilir 400 anket formu elde edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda kamu spotlarına ilişkin tutum ve beklentileri açıklayan “etik”, “sosyal”, “ekonomik”, “yasal düzenleme”, “hatırlatma” ve “caydırıcılık” olmak üzere altı boyuta ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin demografik özelliklerine bağlı olarak kamu spotlarına ilişkin tutum ve beklentilerinin bazı boyutlar için farklılık gösterebildiği görülmüştür.
Effectiveness of Liu Zi Jue Qigong versus traditional core stability training for patients with post-stroke complicated with abnormal trunk postural control: a study protocol for a single-center randomized controlled trial
Authors: chen wang , Yu Long , Yang Jian , Wang Ren Wei , Zheng Ya Nan , Zhang Ying
Published: August 2019

Background: Trunk function in stroke patients with hemiplegia is associated with respiration and core stability, and is also found to be associated with balance and postural control and daily activity of life. Liuzijue Qigong (LQG) is a traditional Chinese method of fitness based on breath pronunciation. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy of LQG and traditional core stability training in the treatment of stroke patients with abnormal trunk posture. This protocol is written according to the SPIRT 2013 Statement.
Methods: This study is a single-center randomized controlled trial in which 160 stroke patients are randomly divided into study group and control group. Patients in the study group will receive LQG combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy, while patients in the control group will receive traditional core stability training combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy. All treatments will be treated 45 minutes a day, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. Primary outcome (Trunk impairment scale) and secondary outcome (Berg balance scale, Fugl-Meyer assessment, Modified barthel index, Maximum phonation time, Dynamic and Static Balance Testing and The thickness and the Mobile degrees of diaphragm) will be conducted at baseline, 2 weeks at the end of the rehabilitation course.
Discussion: The aim of this research is to compare the clinical efficacy of LQG and traditional core stability exercise in the treatment of stroke patients with abnormal trunk posture.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1800014864. Registrated on 10 February 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspxpid=25313&htm=4.
Keywords: Six character formula, Trunk postural control, Stroke, Core stability, Traditional core stability training, Liuzijue qigong (LQG)
Core outcome set measurement for future clinical trials in acute myeloid leukemia: the HARMONY study protocol using a multi-stakeholder consensus-based Delphi process and a final consensus meeting
Authors: Lang Katharina M , Harrison Kathryn L. , Williamson Paula R. , Huntly Brian J.P. , Ossenkoppele Gert , Geissler Jan , Bereczky Tamàs , Hernández-Rivas Jesús M. , Chevrou-Séverac Hélène , Goodbody Rory , Schulze-Rath Renate , Bullinger Lars
Published: July 2019

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common acute leukemia in adults with an unacceptably low cure rate. In recent years a number of new treatment strategies and compounds were developed for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. There were several randomized, controlled clinical trials with the objective to improve patients’ management and patients’ outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Unfortunately, these trials are not always directly comparable, as they do not measure the same outcomes and currently there are no core outcome sets that can be utilized to guide outcome selection and harmonization in this disease area.

The HARMONY Alliance is a public-private European Network established in 2017, which currently includes 53 partners and 32 associated members from 22 countries. Amongst many other goals of the HARMONY Alliance, Work Package 2 focuses on defining outcomes that are relevant to each hematological malignancy.

In accordance, a pilot study will be performed to define core outcome set in acute myeloid leukemia.

Methods

The pilot study will use a three-round Delphi survey and a final consensus meeting to define a core outcome set. Participants will be recruited from different stakeholder groups, including patients, clinicians, regulators and members of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). At the pre-Delphi stage a literature research was conducted followed by several semi-structured interviews of clinical public and private key opinion leaders. Subsequently the preliminary outcome list was discussed in several multi-stakeholder face-to-face meetings.

The Delphi survey will reduce the preliminary outcome list to essential core outcomes.

After completing the last Delphi round a final face-to-face meeting is planned to achieve consensus about core outcome set in acute myeloid leukemia.

Discussion

The pilot Delphi as part of HARMONY Alliance aims to define a core outcome set in acute myeloid leukemia based on a multi-stakeholder consensus. Such a core outcome set will help to allow consistent comparison of future clinical trials and real world evidence research and ensures that appropriate outcomes valued by a range of stakeholders are measured within future trials.
A randomised controlled trial of hearing and vision support in dementia: Protocol for a process evaluation in the SENSE-Cog Trial
Authors: Leroi Iracema , Armitage Christopher J. , Collin Fidéline , Frison Eric , Hann Mark , Hooper Emma , Reeves David , Simkin Zoe , Wolski Lucas
Published: July 2019

Background:
Optimising hearing and vision function may be important in improving a range of outcomes for people living with dementia (PwD) and their companions. The SENSE-Cog cross-national randomised controlled trial (RCT) is evaluating the effectiveness of a sensory intervention (SI) to improve quality of life for PwD with concurrent hearing and/or vision impairment, in five European countries. To ascertain how or why the intervention will, or will not, achieve its outcomes, we have designed a process evaluation to explore potential discrepancies between expected and observed outcomes. This will also help us to understand how context may influence the outcomes. Here we describe the protocol for this process evaluation, which is embedded within the RCT.

Methods and analysis:
We will use a mixed method approach with a theoretical framework derived from the UK Medical Research Council’s’ guidance on process evaluations. It will include the following: (1) evaluating how key aspects of the intervention will be delivered, which will be important to scale the intervention in real world populations; (2) characterising the contextual issues, which may shape the delivery and the impact of the intervention in different countries; and (3) investigating possible causal mechanisms through analyses of potential moderators and mediators. To avoid bias, we will analyse the process data before the analysis of the main effectiveness outcomes.

Discussion:
This evaluation will provide insight into how the complex SENSE-Cog SI will be tailored, enacted and received, across the different European contexts, all of which have unique health and social care economies. The findings will provide insight into the causal mechanisms effecting change, and will determine whether we should implement the intervention, if effective, on a wider scale for PwD and concurrent sensory impairment.

Trial registration number: ISRCTN17056211. Registered on 19 February 2018. http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17056211
Neuromuscular shoulder activity during exercises with different combinations of stable and unstable weight mass
Authors: Baritello Omar , Khajooei Mina , Engel Tilman , Kopinski Stephan , Quarmby Andrew , Mueller Steffen , Mayer Frank
Published: July 2019

Background

Recent shoulder injury prevention programs have utilized resistance exercises combined with different forms of instability, with the goal of eliciting functional adaptations and thereby reducing the risk of injury. However, it is still unknown how an unstable weight mass affects the muscular activity of the shoulder stabilizers.

Aim of the study was to analyzed the neuromuscular activity of the dynamic shoulder stabilizers under four combinations of stable and unstable weight mass during three shoulder exercises. It was hypothesized that a combined condition of weight with unstable mass would elicit significantly greater activation due to the increased stabilization demand.

Methods

Sixteen participants (7 m/9 f) were included in this cross-sectional study and prepared with an EMG-setup for the: Mm. upper/lower trapezius (U.TA/L.TA), lateral deltoid (DE), latissimus dorsi (LD), serratus anterior (SA) and pectoralis major (PE). A maximal voluntary isometric contraction test (MVIC; 5 sec.) was performed on an isokinetic dynamometer. Next, internal/external rotation (In/Ex), abduction/adduction (Ab/Ad) and diagonal flexion/extension (F/E) exercises (5 reps.) were performed with four custom-made-pipes representing different training conditions. First, the empty-pipe (P; 0.5 kg) and then, randomly ordered, water-filled-pipe (PW; 1 kg), weight-pipe (PG; 4.5 kg) and weight + water-filled-pipe (PWG; 4.5 kg), while EMG was recorded. Raw root mean square values (RMS) were normalized to MVIC (%MVIC). Differences between conditions for RMS%MVIC, scapular stabilizer (SR: U.TA/L.TA; U.TA/SA) and contraction (CR: concentric/eccentric) ratios were analyzed (paired t-test; α=0.05; Bonferroni adjusted α=0.008)

Results

PWG showed significantly greater muscle activity for all exercises and all muscles except for PE compared to P and PW. Condition PG elicited muscular activity comparable to PWG (p>0.008) with significantly lower activation of L.TA and SA in the In/Ex rotation. The SR ratio was significantly higher in PWG compared to P and PW. No significant differences were found for the CR ratio in all exercises and for all muscles.

Conclusion

Higher weight generated greater muscle activation whereas an unstable weight mass behavior raised the neuromuscular activity, possibly due to increased stabilization demands. Application of an unstable weight mass may be beneficial to improve training effects in shoulder prevention and rehabilitation programs.
Recombinant Human Endostatin against the development of RIPF in a murine model
Authors: YING HANG JIE , ZHOU CHENG , CHEN MEI YA , CHEN YUAN MENG , DONG QIANG BAI , FANG MIN , CHEN MING
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Recent evidence has demonstrated the role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of Recombinant Human Endostatin (Endostar) administration on histopathological markers of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and investigate the underlying mechanism.
Methods: 80 Inbred C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups: No treatment group(NT, normal saline control), Radiation treatment group (RT), Endostar treatment group(EN), Endostar plus radiation treatment group (RT+EN). RT and RT+EN mice were exposed to a single-fraction 16Gy of 6MV X-ray for thorax irradiation. Mice in EN and RT+EN groups were given a daily subcutaneous injection of Endostar at a dose of 20 mg/kg, and thorax irradiation was performed 3 days after the first subcutaneous injection. Mice were sacrificed at 12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation. Pulmonary tissue was used in hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome staining, as well as for immunohistochemical assessment of CD31, Collagen I and Collagen IV, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The protein expression level of TGF-β1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), total drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 3 (Smad3), phosphorylate Smad3 (p-Smad3), total extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphorylate ERK (p-ERK), β-Actin were analyzed by western blot.
Results: During the observation period, the hair of irradiated groups showed whitening in the irradiated area and radiation induced body weight loss of mice was partially attenuated by Endostar treatment. Endostar treatment significantly reduced alveolar inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in RT+EN group compared with RT group, as indicated by a decrease in the expression level of Collagen I, Collagen IV and CD31 in lung tissue. Thorax irradiation significantly increased the expression of TGF-β1 and VEGF mRNA as well as α-SMA, TGF-β1, p-Smad3, p-ERK protein in lung tissue of mice, however, those were attenuated after Endostar treatment.
Conclusion: Endostar could reduce radiation-induced plumonary fibrosis in mice, and this effect may be related to the inhibition of angiogenesis and TGF-β1/Smad3/ERK pathway.
Conventional Computed Tomographic Calcium Scoring vs Full Chest CTCS for Lung Cancer Screening: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Jiang Boxiang , Linden Philip A. , Jarrett Craig , Worrell Stephanie G. , Ho Vanessa P. , Perry Yaron , Towe Christopher W.
Published: July 2019

Background
Conventional CTCS images the mid/lower chest for coronary artery disease (CAD). Because many CAD patients are also at risk for lung malignancy, CTCS often discovers incidental pulmonary nodules (IPN). CTCS excludes the upper chest, where malignancy is common. Full-chest CTCS (FCT) may be a cost-effective screening tool for IPN.
Methods
A decision tree was created to compare a FCT to CTCS in a hypothetical patient cohort with suspected CAD. (Figure) The design compares the effects of missed cancers on CTCS with the cost of working up non-malignant nodules on FCT. The model was informed by results of the National Lung Screening Trial and literature review, including the rate of malignancy among patients receiving CTCS and the rate of malignancy in upper vs lower portions of the lung. The analysis outcomes are Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which is generally considered beneficial when <$50,000/QALY.
Results
Literature review suggests that rate of IPNs in the upper portion of the lung varied from 47-76%. Our model assumed that IPNs occur in upper and lower portions of the lung with equal frequency. The model also assumes an equal malignancy potential in upper lung IPNs despite data that malignancy occurs 61-66% in upper lung fields.
In the base case analysis, a FCT will lead to an increase of 0.03 QALYs comparing to conventional CTCS (14.54 vs 14.51 QALY, respectively), which translates into an QALY increase of 16 days. The associated incremental cost for FCT is $278 ($1,027 vs $748, FCT vs CTCS respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is $10,289/QALY, suggesting significant benefit. Sensitivity analysis shows this benefit increases proportional to the rate of malignancy in upper lung fields.
Conclusion
Conventional CTCS may be a missed opportunity to screen for upper lung field cancers in high risk patients. The ICER of FCT is better than screening for breast cancer screening (mammograms $80k/QALY) and colon cancer (colonoscopy $6k/QALY). Prospective studies are appropriate to define protocols for FCT.
Turnover Intention and Burnout among Workers in Primary Care Institutions: Moderating Role of Job Satisfaction ——Based on A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Chen Xuyu , Ran Li , Zhang Yuting , Yang Jinru , Yao Hui , Zhu Sirong , Tan Xiaodong
Published: July 2019

Background: Global countries are suffering from a shortage of health professionals, turnover intention is closely related to job satisfaction and burnout, making good use of these relationship could alleviate the crises.
Methods: This research was conducted in Huangpi, China. Convenience sampling methods and self-designed questionnaires was used. 1370 of valid samples were collected with 97.72% effective rate. Descriptive analyses were conducted to describe social demographic factors. The structural equation model (SEM) was performed to adjust model fitting, and the mediation effect test was carried out by using the bootstrap method. Sobel-Z test was used to verify the significance of mediation effect.
Results: The mean age was 36.98 (SD=9.84). The fitting indices of hypothetical model is not good. After the adjustments, for job satisfaction, turnover intention and burnout, the Cronbach’s is 0.976, 0.910, 0.879, respectively. 2/df =5.590, GFI=0.932, AGFI=0.901, CFI=0.977, NFI=0.973, IFI=0.977, TLI=0.970, RESEA=0.058. The revised model fitted well, and the SEM was put up by using the bootstrap method. The mediating effect is partial, and Soble-Z test indicates that the mediation effect is significant. Burnout is negatively correlated with job satisfaction (p<0.01) and the standardized path coefficient is -0.41. Job satisfaction is also negatively correlated with turnover intention (p<0.01) and the standardized path coefficient is -0.18. Burnout is positively correlated with turnover intention (p<0.01) and the standardized path coefficient is 0.83.
Conclusions: Job satisfaction is a mediating variable that affects the relationship between burnout and turnover intention. Turnover intention was negatively related to job satisfaction and positively related to burnout, job satisfaction was negative related to burnout. And the mediation effect has a low impact of 7.4%.
Keywords: Turnover Intention, Burnout, Job satisfaction, Workers in primary care institution, Structural equation model
Household food insecurity, copying strategies and its associated with parents food preference to children in Dabat Demographic and health surveillance system; North West Ethiopia, April 2019
Authors: tebeje nigusie birhan , Biks Gashaw Andargie , Abebe Solomon Mekonnen , Yesuf Melike Endris
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introduction:- the association of household food insecurity with a physical health problem, quality of life, mental health problem and utilization of health service was reported by several studies. However, the association of household food insecurity with parent’s food preference to children is not assessed even though all of these factors may make parents to prefer inappropriate child food. Therefore this study was aimed to determine the association of food insecurity with parent's food preference.
Methods and materials: - A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 6215 households in Dabat district. Data were collected and supervised by experienced data collectors and supervisors working for the surveillance site after five days of training on the tool. Data were entered into the epi data template then transported to Stata 14 software for analysis. An ordinal logistic regression model was fitted to identify predictor for household food insecurity.
Finding: About 21.77% of the households were food insecured in Dabat district. High wealth 61% (57-80%), and achieving college education 97%(74-99.6%) were associated with the less likelihood of household food insecurity. While mothers/caretakers preference to feed children always fruit and vegetable only 1.75(1.11-2.57) and, always milk and meat only 1.72(1.17-2.52) were associated were the more likelihood of experiencing the worst state of household food insecurity.
Conclusion: -A significant number of households in Dabat had experienced household food insecurity associated with wealth status of the household, and, parents/caretakers specific type of food preference for their children. Therefore we recommend counseling services on the importance of feeding a child with a balanced diet in the improvement of household food security.
Keywords: - food insecurity, household, Dabat, surveillance, Gondar and Ethiopia
Vaccination Coverage with the Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccine Among Persons with Chronic Diseases in Shanghai, China, 2017
Authors: Wang Yuheng , Cheng Minna , Wang Siyuan , Wu Fei , Yan Qinghua , Yang Qinping , Li Yanyun , Guo Xiang , Fu Chen , Shi Yan , Wagner Abram L. , Boulton Matthew L.
Published: July 2019

Background

Adults with chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, or lung disease are more likely to develop complications from a number of vaccine-preventable diseases, including influenza and pneumonia. In this study, we use the data from a chronic disease management information system in Shanghai to estimate vaccination coverage and characterize predictors of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among people with chronic disease in Shanghai.

Methods

The Shanghai Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have information systems related to chronic disease management, hospital records, and immunizations. Data from individuals with chronic disease were abstracted during July 2017. The main outcome was coverage of pneumococcal and influenza vaccination. Vaccination coverage was calculated across demographic groups. Significance in bivariate associations was assessed through Pearson’s chi-square tests, and in multivariable models through logistic regression models with a forward stepwise method to select variables.

Results

In the sample of 2,531,227 individuals ≥15 years, 22.8% were vaccinated for pneumonia from January 2013 to July 2017, and the vaccination coverage of influenza in the 2016/17 influenza season was 0.4%. Vaccination coverage was highest in those 70-79 and lowest in those younger than 60. Compared to urban areas, uptake in rural areas was higher for pneumonia vaccination (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 2.41, 2.45), but lower for influenza vaccination (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.59). Having a greater number of chronic diseases was associated with higher likelihood of pneumonia vaccination (3 vs 1: OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.64, 1.71), but this relationship was not statistically significant for influenza vaccination.

Conclusions

We found low levels with of pneumococcal vaccination, and extremely low uptake of influenza vaccination among individuals with high risk conditions in Shanghai who should be priority groups targeted for vaccination. Interventions could be designed to target groups with low uptake – like younger adults, and individuals who have not yet retired.
Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in women with low BMI in an urban, Chinese, population: two retrospective cohorts study
Authors: Guo Fei , Yang Shuai , Zhang Yong , Yang Xi , Zhang Chen , Fan Jianxia
Published: July 2019

Background

We design this study to assess the utility of baseline characteristics in first trimester in the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in non-obese, women in an urban, Chinese, antenatal population.

Methods

Multiple, logistic regression analysis was used to develop a predictive model for GDM, in a retrospective cohort of 3956 women (mean age 30.61, years, mean pre-pregnant BMI= 21.45 kg/m2) during 2015 in Shanghai. We refined the predictive model with t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) to attempt to distinguish GDM from non-GDM.

Results

GDM prevalence in the retrospective cohort was 16.7%. Advanced age, prepregnant obesity, high first-trimester, fasting, plasma glucose, and, a family history of diabetes were positively-related to the development of GDM. The simplified point scoring system yielded an AUC of 0.69. When the model was applied to a prospective cohort of 6572 women recruited in 2016 (mean age 30.80 years, mean prepregnant BMI = 21.18 kg/m2, incidence of GDM 10.8%), the AUC was 0.70. A score of ≥3 points was 91.3% specific and 25.4% sensitive for GDM. In both cohorts, the distinct regions of GDM and non-GDM were ideally separated in the t-SNE, generating transitional boundaries in the image found by different color.

Conclusions

Our low BMI, antenatal population now over-consumes a Western, diabetogenic diet during pregnancy though we attribute the declining incidence (2015, 16.7% vs 2016, 10.8%) to an improved antenatal education program. We propose a score system to screen for GDM in first trimester, and also, we should concentrate our efforts on prevention through antenatal education.
Anatomic features of mandibular second molars root canals in a Yemeni population: cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Senan Elham M. , Alhadainy Hatem A. , Madfa Ahmed A.
Published: July 2019

Background: This study aimed to identify and characterize root and canal morphology and the prevalence of C-shaped canals of mandibular second molars (MSMs) in a Yemeni population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Methods: CBCT images of 500 right and left MSMs with mature roots were taken from 250 Yemeni individuals and analyzed for the following features: number of roots, total number of canals orifices within the tooth and number of canals orifices in each root, type of roots, either fused or separated, shape of root in cross section, type of canal configuration in each root, presence of C-shaped canal, and primary variations in the morphology of root and canal systems.
Results: Molars with separated two roots predominated (89.6%), fused two roots were 9%, separated three roots were 0.6% and one root MSMs were 0.8%. Molars with three canals orifices were the most common. Mesial root was mainly ribbon-shaped (60.5%) and distal root was mainly kidney-shaped (50.7%). Type II and Type I canal configurations were the most frequent in mesial root (56.9%) and distal root (91.3%), respectively. C-shaped canals were found in 9%. Six variants were found with variant 3 was the most common (71%).
Conclusions: Yemeni permanent MSMs have mainly two separated roots. Mesial root is mostly ribbon-shaped and distal root is mainly kidney-shaped. Vertucci type II and I canal configurations showed the higher incidence in mesial and distal roots, respectively. C-shaped canals were found in 9%.
Keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography, C-shaped canal, mandibular second molar, morphology, root canal, Yemen
No relationship between dopamine D3 receptor gene Ser9Gly polymorphism (rs6280) and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of family-based association studies
Authors: Li Xiao-na , Wang Bao-jie , Yao Jun
Published: July 2019

Background

Ser9Gly (rs6280) is a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human dopamine receptor D3 gene (DRD3). It is still controversial that whether Ser9Gly is involved in the occurrence of schizophrenia. Thus, a meta-analysis of family-based studies was performed to explore the role of Ser9Gly in the etiology of schizophrenia.

Methods

The published family-based association studies were searched from the relevant literature databases according to the established inclusion criteria. We generated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in order to determine the strength of the relationship between Ser9Gly SNP and the occurrence of schizophrenia.

Results

We finally pooled up 13 family-based association studies between Ser9Gly SNP and schizophrenia. It contained 11 transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) studies with 1219 informative meiosis and 5 haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) studies. There were no statistical significance for the heterogeneity in TDT and HHRR studies. Therefore, the fix effect model was used to measure the pooled effect size. The results showed that neither of the associations between Ser9Gly and the risk of schizophrenia were observed in TDT and HHRR studies, except for the significantly preferential transmission of DRD3 Ser9 allele in East Asian in TDT studies.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis found no association between DRD3 gene Ser9Gly polymorphism and the risk of schizophrenia. However, more effects need to further confirm the function of DRD3 Ser9Gly SNP in the occurrence of schizophrenia.