bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter- and intracellular distribution of modulated glutathione in plant tissues
Authors: Muller Maria , Zechmann Bernd , Urbanek Andreja , Zellnig Gunther
Published: November 2023

In the present study we want to summarize data dealing with the inter­ and intracellular distribution of glutathione in different plant tissues under various environmental conditions. Monochlorobimane fluorescence of reduced glutathione is described for light microscopical investigations and allows distinguishing between glutathione in cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Further, a specific antibody, which recognizes both the reduced and oxidized form of glutathione, was used in order to demonstrate glutathione in different cell compartments. The labelling showed different glutathione concentrations in the cell compartments with a high staining intensity in mitochondria.
Light-modulation of bark photosynthesis in birch (Betula pendula Roth.)
Authors: Wittman Christiane , Pfanz Hardy
Published: November 2023

Bark photosynthesis has been shown to be an effective mechanism for stem-internal refixation of respiratory CO . In young birch trees (Betula pendula Roth.) this function is clearly modulated by the prevailing light intensity regime. Although positive net photosynthesis was not found in intact birch twigs, apparent twig respiration was reduced upon illumination by 65 % in high-light grown birches and even more in shade grown trees (81 %). Compared on a unit area basis the bark chlorenchyma contained up to 55% of the chlorophyll of the concomitant leaves when grown under 100 % sunlight and even 66 % when trees were grown under low-light (20 % of full sunlight). Light penetration through the periderm of birch twigs and branches is age-dependent and ranges in control trees from roughly 24 % of the incident sunlight in recent-year twigs to 1-3 % in 5-year-old main stems. Peridermal light transmittance was also changed by the light intensity regime. An additional light-reducing peridermal layer present in control trees was not found in shade-grown birches. It was shown that CO -refixation is not limited to the light­ exposed outer parts of tree crowns. Our results show that also inner branches of trees are well adapted to function as a rather efficient system to prevent respiratory carbon loss.
Alizarin red S staining of the crustacean cuticle: implementation in the study of Porcellio scaber larvae
Authors: Mrak Polona , Žnidaršič Nada , Štrus Jasna
Published: November 2023

Exoskeletal cuticle of crustaceans is a chitinous matrix, produced apically by epidermis and stiffened by sclerotization and calcification. Embryos of terrestrial isopod crustacean Porcellio scaber develop within the female brood pouch, marsupium, and after hatching larvae mancae continue their development in the marsupium for another week. This study was performed to reveal at the histochemical level whether the exoskeletal cuticle of marsupial mancae is already calcified. Fifteen different procedures of histochemical staining with alizarin red S (ARS), established for calcified tissue localization primarily in vertebrate histology, were evaluated on mancae and adult P. scaber specimens. The best differential staining of the the exoskeletal cuticle was obtained by neutral buffered formaldehyde fixation, followed by paraffin sections staining with ARS 1 (pH 9) or ARS 2 (pH 6.4) or ARS 3 (pH 4.8)solution. Clear differential staining was achieved also in cryosections of formaldehyde fixed samples, stained with ARS 1 solution (pH 9). Our results suggests that prominent calcification of exoskeletal cuticle is present during postembryonic development of P. scaber mancae in the marsupium. Exoskeleton hardening is likely important also for body movements, that we observed in mancae before they are released from marsupium. The proposed procedures of ARS method are presumed to be applicable for histochemical studies of other calcified chitinous matrices.
Życie i twórczość Józefa Łukaszewicza w świetle artykułów wspomnieniowych prasy XIX-wiecznej
Authors: Góra Barbara
Published: November 2023

The article focuses on Józef Łukaszewicz (1799-1873), a historian, director of the Raczyński Library, librarian, publisher, editor, and founder of Tygodnik Literacki, Przyjaciel Ludu and Orędownik Naukowy. Author of monographs on the history of cities in terms of material culture, history of Catholicism and the Reformation in Poland in the 17th century, as well as on the history of education. The review of 19th-century press included in the article is a selection from the published texts after Łukaszewicz’s death, summarizing the life and legacy of this distinguished scholar, an outstanding figure who made a lasting mark on the history of the Raczyński Library, the history of the city of Poznań and the region of Wielkopolska.
Unveiling the past: the multidimensional theatrical space in Suzan-Lori Parks’s Venus
Authors: Lyu Chunmei , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2023

With acute historical awareness, African American playwright Suzan-Lori Parks uses abundant signs in the form of words, movements, sights, and sounds in her plays to create an imagined world, helping readers and audiences to revisit forgotten and neglected history and contemplate on how to read Africana history. In Venus, she wields rapid transformation of space, inserts a play-within-the-play, and presents historical extracts to reconstruct history. This article uses theatrical space as a critical tool to investigate how Parks uses the configuration of theatrical space within and theatrical space without to express historical allusions, reconstruct historical events, and bridge the gaps hidden between remembered and forgotten history in Venus.
Semiotic interpretation of photos in Leslie Silko’s Storyteller
Authors: Song Wei
Published: November 2023

Leslie Marmon Silko, a Native American female writer, includes many photos about family and land in her autobiography Storyteller. The relations of images and words in her book are analyzed from the perspective of semiotics, particularly from Roland Barthes’s image rhetoric. The linguistic message and the coded and non-coded iconic message of the photos help in understanding the Laguna Pueblo concept of time and place. Photos about family show the cyclical time expanse of the family history and the change of traditions in Laguna. Photos about land and the stories behind pass on their ancestral culture to the next and the next generation. Photos, as a sign to be against linear time and against humans’ violence to nature, help the indigenous reshape their history and re-envision their subjectivity.
Cultural translation in the context of Lotman’s cultural semiotics: a case study of the German translation of Six Records of a Floating Life
Authors: Fu Tianhai , Zhao Xuan
Published: November 2023

Six Records of a Floating Life is a collection of autobiographical essays written by Shen Fu, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. Its writing is ancient and elegant, and it is rich and profound in connotation. The German translation of Six Records of a Floating Life by German sinologist Rainer Schwarz presents the spirit of the original in detail and is of high cultural value and research significance. Based on Lotman’s theory of cultural semiotics, this paper examines the interpretive value of Lotman’s view of “text” for translation research in three dimensions: information transmission, information generation, and information memory, with a view to elucidating the cultural value of the German translation of Six Records of a Floating Life, innovating the theoretical integration of cultural semiotics and translation research, and expanding the application of semiotic theory in the field of cultural translation.
Understanding artworks from Danto’s philosophy of art: a Peircean semiotic approach
Authors: Luo Qiaojuan
Published: November 2023

Arthur Danto’s philosophy of art contributes significantly to diverse perspectives that seek to understand the nature and significance of artistic creations, offering unique insights into the interpretation and meaning of artworks. This paper aims to examine Danto’s philosophy of art by employing the semiotic framework developed by Charles Sanders Peirce and applying it to the analysis of three famous artworks. By integrating Peirce’s semiotics with Danto’s ideas, we seek to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of art, its interpretation, and the significance it holds within the “artworld.” This exploration highlights the complementary aspects of Peirce’s semiotics and Danto’s philosophy of art, shedding light on the multifaceted realm of artistic expression.
Culture in the OED online Phrases and Quotations
Authors: Nuccorini Stefania
Published: November 2023

The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of the word culture in selected co-texts and contexts with negative connotations in the OED online The OED (Oxford English Dictionary) online (from now on OED, unless when it is necessary to specify “online”) “is a work in progress. Hundreds of new entries are added every year […] with the aim of producing a completely updated third edition”. https://www.oed.com/page/245; see also https://public.oed.com/how-words-enter-the-oed/. Last access: June 7, 2023. 21st-century definitions, phrases, compounds, and quotations. The study was prompted by the use of the words oriental and especially culture in a few comments following the August 2022 announcement of the Oxford Faculty of Oriental Studies name change to the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies: this new name was selected because “many [staff and students] considered the word Oriental to be inappropriate”. (https://www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/article/announcing-a-change-of-name-to-the-faculty-of-asian-and-middle-eastern-studies). Last access: September 23, 2022. Alongside the word oriental, the word culture, significantly absent in the announcement, is used in various comments carrying a negative connotation. Research findings indicate that in several OED Phrases and Quotations the word culture is used in the same co-text as words that have a negative connotation. These words give (or “pass on”) their negative connotation (and/or “inappropriateness”, according to the context) to the word culture itself.
Specialised language and conceptual knowledge in lexicographic portals
Authors: Giacomini Laura
Published: November 2023

This contribution focuses on the current state of specialised language and conceptual knowledge coverage in general-language or generalist lexicographic portals. The final goal is to establish whether their terminological and conceptual treatment is extensive enough to be compared with that found in specialised dictionaries used by terminologists, translators, and technical writers. Terminology of two domains, i. e. the medical field of virology related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the technical field of photovoltaics, is analysed in selected lexicographic portals. Results show that hybrid lexicographic and lexicological portals display the highest level of terminological coverage and detailed conceptual systems.
From Great Britain to the Spanish Philippines via British India… and back
Authors: Alcolado Carnicero José Miguel
Published: November 2023

This research uncovers lexical contact between English and other languages in texts about the part of the Spanish Philippines under the control of the British East India Company from September 1762 to April 1764. Better known as the Manilha Consultations, the texts in English sent to, and received from, British India are scrutinised in search of the British East India Company’s vocabulary. That vocabulary partly consists of lexemes found in the English/British East India Company’s consultations worldwide but unrecorded in monolingual dictionaries and glossaries of major and/or minor varieties of English. The Manilha Consultations contain lexemes unrecorded in the Oxford English Dictionary, the Hobson-Jobson Glossary, and/or the Merriam-Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary. The 38 lexemes here considered instances of the British East India Company’s vocabulary might be included in those, and/or other, dictionaries and glossaries of British English, Indian English, and/or Philippine English if expansive criteria for lexeme inclusion were applied.
System und Kasuistik der modernen Rechtswissenschaften – Interdisziplinäre Gedanken zu Hubert Treibers Einladung Max Weber zu lesen
Authors: Frommel Monika
Published: November 2023

Aus juristischer Perspektive sind Max Webers Idealtypen des vom Systemgedanken geprägten kontinentaleuropäischen Rechtsdenkens und der eher kasuistisch vorgehenden angelsächsischen Praxis hilfreich. Sie können in eine interne Sprache, wie sie die juristischen Methodenlehren verwenden, übersetzt werden. Auch können die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile der beiden Vorgehensweisen kombiniert werden, um am Ende eine systematische und kasuistisch ausgearbeitete Rechtspraxis zu gewährleisten. Doch nur wenige Rechtswissenschaftler rezipierten zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts Max Weber. Eine bemerkenswerte Ausnahme bildeten die zeitgenössischen Vertreter des sog. Freirechts, insbesondere H. Kantorowicz. Er sah die Vorzüge einer extern beobachtenden soziologischen Methode und entwickelte eine trialistische Methodologie, wonach die jeweilige juristische Dogmatik intern den Sinn der Gesetze festlegt, während Rechtsgeschichte und Rechtssoziologie extern beobachten. Die Rechtsphilosophie sollte werturteilsfrei die verschiedenen Haltungen darstellen und die unterschiedlichen normativen Bewertungen systematisch vergleichen. System und Kasuistik sind danach die beiden grundlegenden Kategorien der Jurisprudenz. Systematisierung ist die Basis, aber aus dem jeweiligen System folgt nicht die praktische Entscheidung. Sie haben letztlich einen theoretisch nicht determinierbaren dezisionistischen Anteil. Wegen dieser Erkenntnis wurde Kantorowicz und seine relativistische Rechtstheorie heftig kritisiert. Ihre Vertreter wurden als „Freirechtler“ disziplinär ausgegrenzt. Diese hartnäckige Ablehnung des letztlich dezisionistischen Charakters der Rechtspraxis, die auch in der kontinentalen Rechtskultur unvermeidbar ist, erschwerte eine offene Beschäftigung mit Max Webers rechtssoziologischen Schriften und erklärt auch, wieso die Max Weber-Forschung eine Domäne der Soziologie ist.
Reduction of BDNF Levels and Biphasic Changes in Glutamate Release in the Prefrontal Cortex Correlate with Susceptibility to Chronic Stress-Induced Anhedonia
Authors: Hu Xiao , Zhao Hui-Ling , Kurban Nurhumar , Qin Yu , Chen Xi , Cui Su-Ying , Zhang Yong-He
Published: November 2023

Chronic stress has been considered to induce depressive symptoms, such as anhedonia, particularly in susceptible individuals. Synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is closely associated with susceptibility or resilience to chronic stress-induced anhedonia. However, effects of chronic stress with different durations on the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie susceptibility to anhedonia remain unclear. The present study investigated effects of chronic mild stress (CMS) for 14, 21, and 35 d on anhedonia-like behavior and glutamate synapses in the PFC. We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the PFC significantly decreased only in anhedonia-susceptible rats that were exposed to CMS for 14, 21, and 35 d. Additionally, 14 d of CMS increased prefrontal glutamate release, and 35 d of CMS decreased glutamate release, in addition to reducing synaptic proteins and spine density in the PFC. Moreover, we found that anhedonia-like behavior in a subset of rats spontaneously decreased, accompanied by the restoration of BDNF levels and glutamate release, on day 21 of CMS. Ketamine treatment restored the reduction of BDNF levels and biphasic changes in glutamate release that were induced by CMS. Our findings revealed a progressive reduction of synaptic plasticity and biphasic changes in glutamate release in the PFC during CMS. Reductions of BDNF levels may be key neurobiological markers of susceptibility to stress-induced anhedonia.
Effect of Logging on the Structure, Diversity, and Tree Species Composition of the Forests of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Kawanamo Miller , Damas Kipiro , Jimbo Tiberius , Testolin Riccardo , De Sanctis Michele , Malatesta Luca , Hitofumi Abe , Dargusch Paul , Attorre Fabio
Published: November 2023

The forests of Papua New Guinea (PNG) play a fundamental role in sustaining the livelihood of local communities and provide significant income to the country derived from the export of timber. After land conversion for agriculture, logging has been identified as the second most common disturbance factor. Conservation activities must be based on a better understanding of the impact of logging. This study analyzes the differences in terms of structure, diversity, and tree species composition between forest types and disturbance regimes in PNG forests. Data were collected from 117 circular plots surveyed according to the protocol of the National Forest Inventory. Sites were situated in unlogged and logged lowland (99 plots) and montane forests (18 plots). The survey recorded 4,558 tree specimens belonging to 258 families, 323 genera, and 789 species. Although data showed the need for a further sampling effort, some general patterns emerged. Montane forest is clearly distinct in terms of structure, diversity, and species composition. Unlogged and logged lowland forests differed only in terms of structure and species composition, but not according to diversity indexes. Thus, logging activities are having an impact mainly on lowland and most accessible areas. Our study established a baseline related to the tree species component of PNG forests. Together with other taxonomic groups, it will be used to monitor the implementation of initiatives aimed at promoting the reduction of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), which can offer significant economic, environmental, and social benefits.
Intake of palmitic acid and its association with metabolic flexibility in middle-aged individuals: a preliminary study
Authors: Murru Elisabetta , Carta Gianfranca , Manca Claudia , Leone Alessia , Murru Chiara , Ruggiu Michele , Solinas Roberto , Montisci Roberta , Tocco Filippo , Banni Sebastiano
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary palmitic acid (PA) intake and its association with body fat deposition and metabolic flexibility (MF) in middle-aged healthy individuals.

Methods

Fifteen healthy participants (n = 15; 6 males, 9 females) with a mean age of 54 were enlisted. They were subjected to graded exercise tests using a cycle ergometer coupled with a calorimeter. Respiratory gas exchange was evaluated to determine two MF parameters. First, the MF index was derived by multiplying peak fatty acid oxidation (PFO) per kg of fat-free mass (FFM) with the percentage of VO2max at PFO. The second parameter, peak energy substrates’ oxidation (aka PESO), was computed by aggregating the kilocalories from PFO and peak carbohydrate oxidation, normalized per kg FFM. Dietary intake was gauged using a 7-day dietary record. Spearman’s regression was employed to analyze the association between dietary intake of specific fat classes, PA, MF parameters, and body fat percentage.

Results

Preliminary results demonstrate that dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) within physiological limits correlate with enhanced substrate oxidation capacity. This suggests augmented MF in middle-aged subjects. Among dietary SFA, PA was identified as the primary factor in this favorable correlation.

Conclusions

Our initial observations, even though preliminary, strongly suggest a beneficial association between PA intake, MF, and body fat percentage. This underscores the potential nutritional importance of PA in promoting MF.

Significance Statement

Disparities in data regarding the health effects of dietary fats may arise from the distinct roles various dietary fatty acids play in MF.
Impact of Cd+2 substitutions on structural and mechanical properties of Co0.6Ni0.4-xCdxFe2O4 (0.00≤ x≤0.40) system
Authors: Kashid P. , Mathad S.N. , Shedam Mahadev R.
Published: November 2023

This article presents the structural and mechanical properties of Co0,6Ni0,4-xCdxFe2O4spinel ferrite nanoparticles. The as prepared samples were characterized by thermo-gravimetric differential thermal analysis to examine their phase transition. TGA/DTA analysis confirmed the reaction is endothermic in nature and the process completion temperature around 714.24oC is good for annealing the prepared ferrite powder. X-ray diffraction pattern revealed, Co0,6Ni0,4-xCdxFe2O4 have been well crystallized to spinel crystal structure. The average crystallite size ranging from 14.52nm to 16.92nm. FTIR spectra showed, two significant absorption bands (ν1 and ν2) in between 400 cm−1and 600 cm−1confirmed the spinel structured ferrites. Morphological observations revealed, the grain size of prepared ferrites lies in the range 0.85 to 0.21 μm. Raman spectra peak positions of both tetrahedral and octahedral sublattice shifted towards higher energy position.
The influence of a permanent magnetic field on the crystallization of calcium carbonate from carbonate aqueous solutions
Authors: Gayevskii V.R. , Nechyporuk B.D. , Gayevska S.G.
Published: November 2023

The effect of a permanent magnetic field on the crystallization of calcium carbonate from carbonate aqueous solutions was studied. Based on the equations for the first- and second-order dissociation constants of carbonic acid, the stability constants of NaCO3- and NaHCO30 complexes, the mass balance and electroneutrality equations, the values of the system components and the ratio between the components of the carbonate subsystem were determined, and it was established that the main species in experimental conditions are СО32-, NaСО3- and HСО3- and the main components of the carbonate subsystem are СО32- (86.7%) and HСО3- (13.19%). Studies have shown that with a significant excess of CO32- over HCO3- ions in the solution at temperatures of 18-20˚C, calcite and vaterite are most likely formed. During the crystallization of calcium carbonate from an aqueous carbonate solution in a magnetic field of 125-250 mT, the size of the crystallites increases significantly compared to the absence of a magnetic field.
Local asymptotic normality of statistical models of discrete martingales
Authors: Kanišauskas Vaidotas
Published: November 2023

We establish general conditions assuring the local asymptotic normality of statistical experiments of discrete or purely discontinuous local martingales obtained models of point processes of all types were found out. The general conditions include the Fréchet differentiability of parameters in probability in normed spaces with regard to a continuous compensator.
Definition of an increasing function
Authors: Vilkas Robertas
Published: November 2023

Some nuances of applications of the general definition of an increasing (decreasing, non-decreasing, non-increasing) function are discussed. The question of concern to teachers is answered:  can a function be increasing not only on an open interval?
The law of iterated logarithm for combinatorial multisets
Authors: Norkūnienė Jolita
Published: November 2023

There is no abstract.
Geometry of two-parametric family of linear line complexes
Authors: Navickis Kazimieras
Published: November 2023

In this article differential geometry of two-parametric family of linear line complexes in the three-dimensional projective space is considered.
Processor load balancing for parallel branch and bound algorithms
Authors: Baravykaitė Milda
Published: November 2023

In this atricle the development of parallel branch and bound algorithm template is presented. Attention is ocused on the dynamic load balancing module of the template. The structure of dynamic load balancing is disscussed and some results of  calculation experiments are presented.
The use of formal languages for business rules realisation in information systems
Authors: Vasilecas Olegas , Lebedys Evaldas
Published: November 2023

There is not abstract.
School mathematics and studies at university
Authors: Apynis Antanas , Stankus Eugenijus
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes mathematics programmes at schools of general education. It also discuss wheather they are sufficient to prepare for one's studies at university. The conclusion is drawn that teaching mathematics at secondary schools should be revised.
Comparatyve analysis of using terms in mathematic textbook separate school
Authors: Kaklauskienė Dalia
Published: November 2023

The article deals with the scope of lexical units textbooks on mathematics for ten-year schools, frequencies of title words are compared. Mathematical terms occurring in the texts are selected, their frequencies regarding separate school grades have been investigated.
Teaching of discrete mathematics for first course students of Faculty of Electronics in VGTU
Authors: Krylovas Aleksandras , Suboč Olga
Published: November 2023

In this article we present methodics of teaching discrete mathematics for first course students of Faculty of Electronics in VGTU. We present analysis of marks in course and separate groups, relaitionship between results of two tests.
Concordance of knowledge and abilities in the educational process: the analysis of achievements of the 6th form students
Authors: Sičiūnienė Viktorija
Published: November 2023

The achievements of 15 per sent of students fall short of the requirements to students’ abilities defined in General Curriculum Framework and Educational Standards. These students lack elementary understanding. For this reason the work with them has to be individualized; more attention has to be paid to the explanation of each step; well known context of the tasks that is close to their surroundings has to be used.About 30 per sent of students have mastered the completed course well and very well. These students are very different from the others. They do most standard operations without mistakes; similar results can be observed in the process of solving tasks of open or close type, or of different context. The work with the students who try to attain the basic level has to be differentiated because the skills of these students are not firm, their knowledge is fragmentary and sometimes not understandable, and their abilities to analyze conditions of a problem, to predict and assess the result, to choose the way of solution and to present it in most cases are insufficiently developed.
Structure learning: some testing problems
Authors: Radavičius Marijus , Židanavičiūtė Jurgita
Published: November 2023

The work is based on data about the prevalence of congenital anomalies among newborns in Lithuania. The log-linear model is used to assess dependence structure of a subset of categorical variables. It is shown that fitting the log-linear model with just three categorical variables can be a rather complicated task due to large number of unknown parameters and cells in the contingency table. The classical chi-squre test and the bootstrap technique are compared for testing goodness-of-fit. The results demonstrate that the number of cells of even nonsparse contingency tables has significant impact on the tail distribution of the likelihood ratio statistics.
An algorithm of parameter identification in applied crop ontogenesis models
Authors: Denisovas Vitalijus , Juščenko Natalija
Published: November 2023

The objective of the paper is to discuss the development and adaptation to selected region soil and climate conditions of applied grain crop development models considering possibilities of their incorporation to integrated information modelling system DIASPORA. The proposed parameter identification algorithm of applied crop development model was approved using standard meteorological and agrometeorological data obtained from Lithuanian Hidrometeorological Service and Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture.
State-space models in estimating Lithuanian Business Cycle
Authors: Jakaitienė Audronė
Published: November 2023

There is not abstract.
On stability of the characterization of the Cauchy law
Authors: Januškevičius Romanas , Baliukonytė Stasė
Published: November 2023

The assumption that two linear statistics are identically distributed can be used to characterize various populations. According to B. Ramachandran and C.R. Rao theorem, if under the additional conditions the two sample means (X1, ..., Xn1)/n1 and (X1, ..., Xn2)/n2 have the same distribution as the monomial X1 then this monomial has a Cauchy law. The stability estimation in this theorem is investigated in our paper.
Weighted empirical FCLT for weakly dependent processes
Authors: Juodis Mindaugas
Published: November 2023

This paper provides a weak convergence theorem for weighted empirical processes of a stationary sequence under a new weak dependence condition introduced by P. Doukhan and S. Louhichi.
On approximation of stochastic integrals with respect to a fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Kubilius Kęstutis
Published: November 2023

There is not abstract.
Concepts, terms and symbols in mathematics textbooks
Authors: Norvaiša Rimas
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the problems of definitions of concepts of school mathematics in textbooks. Excerpts from textbooks show  how interpretations of a fraction having no necessary properties of a mathematical definition have changed over the decades. The alternative of a concept of a fraction based on the number line is discussed.
Revised national mathematics curriculum: improving competence in mathematical communication through teaching methods
Authors: Pranaitytė Gabija , Kravčenkienė Violeta , Narkevičienė Bronė
Published: November 2023

The article delves into the topic of mathematical communication development, a key competence outlined in the updated National Mathematics Curriculum. It explores the integration of this competence within the context of the revised curriculum, examining relevant research on mathematical communication and teaching methodologies to foster its growth. Suggestions for pedagogical strategies aimed at enhancing mathematical communication are presented.
Plateau problem and minimal surfaces: numerical methods and applications
Authors: Sapagovas Mifodijus
Published: November 2023

This article presents an overview of the results of solving the minimal surface equation by numerical methods. Another research task is the application of minimal surfaces in science, technology, especially architecture. The article is illustrated with examples of the application of minimal surfaces.
Recovery of health after COVID-19
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture, Brelius Galyna
Published: November 2023

The problem of restoring health after COVID-19 is revealed. Coronavirus disease is a blow to the body. This virus brings an imbalance in all systems of the body. According to the World Health Organization, more and more information is emerging that patients who have recovered from Covid-19 in a mild form can struggle with long-term health problems for a long time after the virus has disappeared from the body. The results of the Wuhan study suggest that pulmonary fibrosis was found even in those who did not have symptoms such as cough or fever. In addition to the negative consequences of the disease for the lungs, there are disturbances in the functioning of the heart, kidneys, and nervous system. The kidneys are also affected by the toxic drugs used in the treatment. What worries even more is that the manifestations of the consequences can be felt by people who have had Covid-19 asymptomatically and are unaware of the presence of the infection. Rehabilitation after COVID-19 involves a multifaceted impact at different levels, that is, physical therapy (exercise therapy), breathing exercises, massage, nutritional support, psychotherapy, physiotherapy, and proper nutrition.
PROGESTERONE MODULATION OF ANXIETY AND DOPAMINERGIC MESOLIMBIC SYSTEM OF THE BRAIN ACTIVITY IN RATS WITH ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE AND UNDER CONDITIONS OF ZOOSOCIAL CONFLICT
Authors:   SI Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Berchenko O.G. , Shliakhova A.V. ,   SI Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Veselovska O.V. ,   SI Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Titkova A.M. ,   SI Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Levicheva N.O. ,   SI Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2023

Exogenous modulation by progesterone of the central neurosteroid mechanisms of regulation of anxiety and its important component, the activity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, is a promising method of correction of emotional behavioral disorders. The aim of this work was to study the effect of intranasal progesterone administration on the baseline level of anxiety and the activity of the dopaminergic mesolimbic brain system in alcohol-dependent and zoosocial conflict rats. Neuroethological studies by the method of assessing the individual level of anxiety. The levels of catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline) in the brain structures were determined by the method of immunoenzymatic analysis. Emotional stress, namely zoosocial instability and confrontational interactions, was modeled using the sensory contact technique and the partition test. Alcohol dependence in rats was induced by voluntary consumption of alcohol-containing food. Progesterone was administered intranasally at a dose of 80 μg per animal. It is shown that the level of anxiety in rats under conditions of alcohol dependence and emotional stress is associated with dopamine and adrenergic disturbances in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens. The anxiolytic effects of progesterone are manifested in the suppression of the increase in anxiety following exposure to emotional stress in alcohol-dependent rats and its suppression in rats with baseline low levels of anxiety following repeated exposure to emotional stress. A balanced activation of the dopaminergic mesolimbic system during progesterone administration leads to the formation of a new allostatic state in rats with a decrease in anxiety levels.
ANESTHETIC LIDOCAINE INHIBITS CHOLINERGIC CONTRACTION OF THE MOUSE SMALL INTESTINE AND CAUSES DISORDERS OF THE HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Authors:   ESC “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Savuliak O.S. , Sukha I.A. ,   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Ukraine, Dziuba D.О. ,   P.L. Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Melnyk M.I. ,   ESC “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine,   O.O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Dryn D.O. ,   O.O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2023

Lidocaine is one of the components of multimodal low-opioid anesthesia, which is commonly used in surgical procedures, especially in cardiac surgery. Lidocaine has been used in medicine for a long time as a local anesthetic, but after the invention of the method of its intravenous administration, questions arose about its possible side effects on the visceral system, in particular on the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the aim of our work was to investigate the main aspects of the use of lidocaine-based opioid-free anesthesia and its side effects and also to study the effect of lidocaine on the contractile activity of small intestine smooth muscle, namely the mouse ileum. We recorded the contractile activity of smooth muscles of the ileum of mice using the tensiometry method and found that lidocaine at the clinically relevant concentration range, i.e. 1.5, 3, and 5 μg/ml, inhibited carbachol-induced contractions by 16, 27 and 37%, respectively (n = 7). To determine the side effects of opioid-free anesthesia, we studied 60 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery stenting with the administration of anesthesia based on lidocaine solution at different concentrations (1 and 2 mg/kg). The side effects included nausea and vomiting, which may indicate а disturbance of gastrointestinal motility, as well as numbness of the limbs, cheeks, tongue, etc. These results contribute to a better understanding of the spectrum of action of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic in surgery, on the visceral system and become an important basis for the future development of new schemes for the use of local anesthetics in clinical practice, particularly in surgical procedures.
Prebiotic prevents the development of gastrointestinal motility disorders caused by omeprazole
Authors:   Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Uman, Ukraine, Korinchak L.M.
Published: November 2023

The synthetic disaccharide lactulose, consisting of fructose and galactose, after oral administration in an unchanged form reaches the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract, where under the action of normal flora it is broken down into short-chain fatty acids that stimulate colon motility. The effect of lactulose on gastrointestinal tract motility in the conditions of its long-term suppression by omeprazole has not been investigated. We studied the influence of lactulose on spontaneous and carbachol-stimulated gastric and colonic motility in rats treated with omeprazole for 28 days. The animals were divided into 3 groups. The first group of animals served as a control. The animals in the second group were administered omeprazole intraperitoneally at a dose of 14 mg/kg orally once a day for 28 days. The animals in the third group were simultaneously injected intraperitoneally with omeprazole and prebiotic lactulose at a dose of 0.2 g/kg orally once a day for 28 days. On the day after the last injections of drugs, we investigated the spontaneous and carbachol-stimulated contractions in the stomach and colon by the balloon graphic method. It was found that the frequency of spontaneous and stimulated contractions in the stomach and colon did not change significantly after 28 days of omeprazole treatment. The amplitude and index of spontaneous and carbachol-stimulated contractions in the stomach and colon were significantly weaker compared to the control. One day after the 28-day simultaneous administration of omeprazole and lactulose the amplitude and index of spontaneous and stimulated contractions in the stomach and colon increased compared with the group of rats treated with omeprazole alone. We concluded that the positive effect of lactulose on gastric and colon motility is a result of the prebiotic properties of lactulose which leads to the normalization of the microbiocenosis in the gastrointestinal tract and the elimination of the inflammatory process in it.
IMMUNOTHROMBOSIS AS A COMPONENT OF HOST DEFENCE
Authors:   Saint Paraskeva Medical Center, Lviv, Ukraine, Chooklin S. , Chuklin S. ,   Saint Paraskeva Medical Center, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: November 2023

Immunothrombosis is a normal physiological phenomenon against harmful pathogens that can limit their further spread. It is an important element of the intravascular innate immune system and performs at least four different physiological functions: it helps to capture and localize pathogens; it prevents the invasion of pathogens into tissues by microthrombosis; it contributes to the destruction of pathogens; it helps to recruit additional immune cells to the site of tissue infection and/or damage. The main driving forces of immunothrombosis are platelets, neutrophils and the complement system. This review examines the role of immunothrombosis in protecting the host and its main mechanisms.
Measurement of Ambulatory Medication Errors in Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rickey Lisa , Auger Katherine , Britto Maria T. , Rodgers Isabelle , Field Shayna , Odom Alayna , Lehr Madison , Cronin Alexandria , Walsh Kathleen E.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Children use most medications in the ambulatory setting where errors are infrequently intercepted. There is currently no established measure set for ambulatory pediatric medication errors. We have sought to identify the range of existing measures of ambulatory pediatric medication errors, describe the data sources for error measurement, and describe their reliability.

METHODS

We performed a scoping review of the literature published since 1986 using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane and of grey literature. Studies were included if they measured ambulatory, including home, medication errors in children 0 to 26 years. Measures were grouped by phase of the medication use pathway and thematically by measure type.

RESULTS

We included 138 published studies and 4 studies from the grey literature and identified 21 measures of medication errors along the medication use pathway. Most measures addressed errors in medication prescribing (n = 6), and administration at home (n = 4), often using prescription-level data and observation, respectively. Measures assessing errors at multiple phases of the medication use pathway (n = 3) frequently used error reporting databases and prospective measurement through direct in-home observation. We identified few measures of dispensing and monitoring errors. Only 31 studies used measurement methods that included an assessment of reliability.

CONCLUSIONS

Although most available, reliable measures are too resource and time-intensive to assess errors at the health system or population level, we were able to identify some measures that may be adopted for continuous measurement and quality improvement.
Food Insecurity and Experiences of Discrimination Among Caregivers of Hospitalized Children
Authors: Cacioppo Alexis M. , Winslow Victoria , Abramsohn Emily M. , Jagai Jyotsna S. , Makelarski Jennifer A. , Waxman Elaine , Wroblewski Kristen , Tessler Lindau Stacy
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Pediatric hospitals are adopting strategies to address food insecurity (FI), a stigmatizing condition, among families with children. We hypothesized that parents and other caregivers (“caregivers”) from households with FI or marginal food security (MFS) are more likely to experience discrimination during their child’s hospitalization.

METHODS

We analyzed data from 319 caregivers of children admitted to an urban, academic children’s hospital and randomly assigned to the control arm of the double-blind randomized controlled CommunityRx-Hunger trial (November 2020 to June 2022, NCT R01MD012630). Household food security in the 30 days before admission and discrimination during hospitalization were measured with the US Household Food Security Survey and the Discrimination in Medical Settings Scale, respectively. We used logistic regression to model the relationship between food security status and discrimination, adjusting for gender, race, ethnicity, income, and partner status.

RESULTS

Most participants were African American or Black (81.5%), female (94.7%), and the parent of the hospitalized child (93.7%). FI and MFS were prevalent (25.1% and 15.1%, respectively). Experiences of discrimination during a child’s hospitalization were prevalent (51.9%). Caregivers with FI had higher odds than caregivers with food security of experiencing discrimination (adjusted odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.1–3.6, P = .03); MFS was not significantly associated with discrimination (P = .25). Compared with food secure caregivers, those with FI had higher odds of 5 of 7 experiences of discrimination assessed.

CONCLUSIONS

Among parents and other caregivers, household FI is associated with experiences of discrimination during a child's hospitalization.
Children after war: From moral development claims to welfare and agency rights
Authors: Brucato Giorgia
Published: November 2023

Within a framework of rights that protects children's interests and seek to balance their developing interests in welfare and agency, I consider how contexts of war impact children's lives to argue that such contexts provide opportunities to advance or set back both the development of moral powers, namely capacities for a sense of justice and a conception of the good, and capacities for autonomy. Besides an interest in satisfying their basic needs and protection, children have an interest in developing their moral powers and growing into autonomous agents. Evidence shows great variation in children's responses to traumatic circumstances, from severe psychological disorders to enhanced resiliency and moral reasoning. As moral powers and autonomy ground the permissibility for paternalistic treatment and the exclusion of children from certain rights, I argue that once the war is over children are entitled to an adequate assessment of how their interests and capacities have changed. For children whose development was set back, states should grant opportunities for recovery and further development, which suggests strengthening welfare and protection rights; while for children whose development was advanced, states should recognize such advancement and grant opportunities for the exercise of their newfound capacities, which suggests granting certain agency rights alongside welfare and protection.
Lactic Acid Bacteria from Mangrove Sediment Produce Bacteriocins Active Against Gram-Positive and Negative Bacteria
Authors: Kusharyati Dyah Fitri , Ariaputri Fira Julian , Pramono Hendro , Rovik Anwar
Published: November 2023

Mangrove is a unique ecosystem. Only a few studies have explored the presence of lactic acid bacteria and their roles in mangrove ecosystems. From mangrove sediments at Logending Beach in Jawa Tengah (Indonesia), the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolates LG-50, LG-107, and LG-114 were discovered. They produce bacteriocins. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of LAB isolates, antimicrobial activity, and physicochemical properties of bacteriocins. LAB isolates were characterized by morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. The production of bacteriocin was performed by salting-out method, followed by testing its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Isolates LG-50, LG-107, and LG-114 are thought to be in the Lactobacillus group. The crude bacteriocin can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The average inhibition zones against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 16.67 mm and 22.17 mm, respectively. The crude bacteriocin tested positive for ninhydrin. It confirmed the crude bacteriocin was a protein and sensitive to the proteolytic enzyme. SDS-PAGE analysis presented the molecular weight of crude bacteriocin was 38 kDa. This present study supports the potential use of bacteriocin in the pharmaceutical and food industries.