bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading of Literature and Reflection by means of Aesthetical Activities
Authors: Broström Stig
Published: April 2015

Based on the hypothesis that reading of fiction followed by aesthetic reflection might be a useful tool towards the development of children's literacy competence in the first years of school, this article constitutes a theoretical basis for such an educational approach. The article is based on a cultural-historical understanding of the work of L.S. Vygotsky and is also inspired by Jerome Bruner's social constructivism. Children's literature, their drawings and play are seen as cultural tools which, when related to Vygotsky’s work (1978a, 1981) allow for the mastery of psychological processes. However, referring to Stetsenko (1999) it is of importance to see the interrelation of three cornerstones in Vygotsky's theoretical universe: social interaction, cultural tools and zone of proximal development (Vygotsky, 1978a, 1978d). These cornerstones and new constructions are a basis for the introduction of an educational approach using literature, dialogue and aesthetic means and processes such as children's storytelling, drawing and play.
Utvecklingssamtal som uppgift och verktyg i förskollärares professionssträvanden i interaktion med föräldrar
Authors: Simonsson Maria , Markström Ann-Marie
Published: April 2015

Collaboration and communication between teachers and parents have during the last decades become increasingly highlighted in the Swedish preschool context. The aim of this study is to study the parent-teacher conference in the Swedish preschool and, based on interviews with preschool teachers, generate knowledge about how they view and the importance they give the parent-teacher conference as a social practice in the preschool and as a part of their profession. The analyses of the interviews show that the parent-teacher conference is an important tool for the teachers in order to create a professional relationship with the parents and to give them support in their parental role. Furthermore, the results show that the parent-teacher conference is central for creating a complete picture of the child, and that it can be seen as an   assessment practice for not only the child, the parents and the preschool as an institution but also for the preschool teachers themselves in their role as professionals.
Consequences of staff composition in Norwegian kindergarten
Authors: Steinnes Gerd Sylvi , Haug Peder
Published: April 2015

The main question in this study is related to how the composition and formal competence of staff can affect the division of labor in Norwegian kindergarten. The article discusses the distribution of activities between kindergarten teachers and assistants, and what characterizes the two groups’ responsibilities at work. The study is based on a survey representing kindergartens from all over Norway, and is part of a national research project[1]. Division of labor is weak. The findings are discussed using a frame factor theoretical approach (Dahllöf 1967, Lundgren 1981). It is argued that several factors affect how staff utilize the scope of action in kindergarten.[1] The ”MAFAL”-project. “Mastering the role as kindergarten teacher in a field dominated by laymen.” Cooperation between researchers at Volda University College and Oslo and Akershus University College. Supported by the Norwegian Council of Research
Curriculum in preschool: Adjustment or a possible liberation?
Authors: Broström Stig
Published: April 2015

Abstract: In early childhood education and care there has been a tendency in recent years to narrow down the educational practice to an introduction to school with a strong emphasis on literacy and math. It is essential that early childhood education and care researchers and practitioners analyse and reflect on this tendency and consider developing an alternative approach: Critical early childhood education. On the basis of a critical theory of society, a theory of recognition (Honneth, 1995), a Bildung oriented critical-constructive Didaktik* (Klafki, 1995, 1998) and various childhood approaches (Dahlberg, Moss, & Pence, 2001, 2007), this article will present an outline of critical preschool education.* The German term Didaktik is not the equivalent of the English term didactics. The concept of Didaktik goes beyond both didactics and the term curriculum by focusing on both democratic aims and content with a liberation perspective. A theoretical discussion on this issue is elaborated in Hopmann & Riquarts (1995).
Etikk i praksis: Barn med samspillsvansker og medvirkning i barnehagen
Authors: Åmot Ingvild
Published: April 2015

Title: Ethics in practice: Children who have difficulties interacting and their participation in day-care centres.Abstract: In recent years there has been a trend promoting "children’s right to participation". The point of departure for the article is qualitative data material collected from three day-care centres in Norway. The main objective has been to illuminate the choices the staff have and the dilemmas they face in their day-to-day practice when it comes to children who have interaction difficulties and their opportunities to participate. Findings: The practice is action-oriented. Actions, dilemmas and discretionary assessments are related to consequential- and deontological-ethics reasons.
Teori og praksis i de danske professionsuddannelser
Authors: Blok Johansen Martin , Lunde Frederiksen Lisbeth
Published: April 2015

Title: Theory and Praxis in the Danish Sector for Professional Bachelor Programmes.Abstract: The topic for this article is the relationship between theory and praxis as it is expressed in Danish educations for professions; professional bachelor educations. The article begins with reflections concerning, what generally characterize professions and the idea of professions. Then the topic is limited to concern the educations of the Danish University Colleges: Educations that result in a professional bachelor´s degree in for instance education, social education, physiotherapy and nursing. The article describes, analyses and discusses how theory – praxis relationship is understood in these educations and how this relationship potentially could be understood. Finally the article argues in favour of stating that the dominating idea that theoretical knowledge is  inextricably attached to solve problems in practice, fruitfully could be challenged.
Fra kollegafellesskap til ledelseshierarki? De pedagogiske lederne i barnehagens ledelsesprosess
Authors: Børhaug Kjetil , Lotsberg Dag Øyvind
Published: April 2015

In this article, it is argued that Early Childhood Education and Care management can be distributed on more persons than the director. Attention is directed towards the educational managers in the ECEC center departments in Norwegian ECEC, and their managerial responsibility. Interviews were conducted with 18 such managers in 10 different ECEC centers in order to examine their role in the managerial process of ECEC centers.  The material seems to suggest that these department managers operate in a fairly hierarchical structure, and that they do not contribute in any collective management process for the entire center. They have a different management responsibility than the directors, and within a hierarchical framework, they exercise a significant management responsibility in their departments. Denne artikkelen argumenterer for at barnehageledelse kan være fordelt på flere personer enn styreren og fokuserer på ledelsesoppgavene til de pedagogiske lederne som leder de arbeidsgruppene som barnehagen har på grunnplanet. Dybdeintervjuer ble gjennomført med 18 pedagogiske ledere for å kaste lys over deres bidrag i barnehagens ledelsesprosess.  Studien viser at som ledere er de plassert i en hierarkisk struktur og at de i liten grad er deltagere i kollektiv ledelse eller i barnehagens lederteam. De har en annen ledelsesprofil enn den vi finner i forskningen om styrere, og innenfor hierarkiske rammer har de et betydelig lederansvar på avdelingen.
”Nytråkk” i gamle spor. Retrospektivt blikk på hverdagslivet i en småbarnsgruppe.
Authors: Winger Nina , Eide Brit Johanne
Published: April 2015

An increasingly number of small children attends day care in Norway. This is a challenging situation that calls for increased research on different aspects of quality of daily life within institutional settings. We need more knowledge about how children experiences daily life in day care. Studying small children`s daily life is however a challenging methodological matter. In this small case study we have conducted retrospective talks with four 4-5 year old children two years after they left day care setting for toddlers. The children were invited back to their former day care to guide the researchers within these locations. Artifacts, toys and furniture seemed to trig their memories as “walking along”. Children also were invited to bring their individual “memory-books” from their first day care period, a book that contained various documentations (photos, drawings and art productions) from their toddler period. During data-collection children presented glimpses from former day care period and shared memories from their daily life in day care “back then”. Results from these two retrospective talks with children as well as methodological and ethics aspects related to searching for children`s perspectives is given attention in this article. Stadig flere små barn går i barnehagen i Norge og de fortjener å ha gode hverdager. Det er et krevende og forpliktende anliggende å sikre barnehager av god kvalitet for alle barn. Det trengs mer forskning om ulike aspekter ved hverdagene innenfor pedagogiske institusjoner, ikke minst trenger vi mer kunnskap om hvordan barna opplever hverdagen i barnehagen. Å studere de yngste barnas perspektiver på tilværelsen i barnehagen er forskningsmetodisk og etisk utfordrende. I denne casestudien har vi gjennomført retrospektive samtaler med et mindre utvalg 4-5 åringer to år etter at de gikk på småbarnsavdelingen i barnehage. Barna ble invitert tilbake til sin tidligere småbarnsavdeling og spurt om de ville fortelle oss forskere om hva de husket fra hverdagene her. Vi har anvendt to forskningsmetodiske tilnærmingsmåter. Den første metoden var “walking along”; som innebar at vi vandret gjennom barnehageavdelingen sammen med barna og samtalte med dem om det de valgte å dvele ved. Vi erfarte blant annet at gjenstander, leker og møbler syntes å trigge minnene fra “den gang”. Den andre metoden var samtaler ut fra barnas individuelle "barnehagepermer" (“min barnehagebok”) fra sine første år i barnehagen. Disse permene inneholdt ulike dokumentasjoner (bilder, tegninger og andre formingsproduksjoner) og barna samtalte med oss om tanker og refleksjoner om innholdet i permene. Erfaringer  fra disse to retrospektive samtaleformene med barna, samt metodiske og etiske aspekter knyttet til å søke etter barns “perspektiver” på dagliglivet i barnehagen, gis oppmerksomhet i denne artikkelen.
Language Learning in Outdoor Environments: Perspectives of preschool staff
Authors: Norling Martina , Sandberg Anette
Published: April 2015

Language environment is highlighted as an important area in the early childhood education sector. The term language environment refers to language-promoting aspects of education, such as preschool staff’s use of verbal language in interacting with the children. There is a lack of research about language learning in outdoor environments; thus children’s language learning is mostly based on the indoor physical environment. The aim of this study is therefore to explore, analyse, and describe how preschool staff perceive language learning in outdoor environments. The data consists of focus-group interviews with 165 preschool staff members, conducted in three cities in Sweden. The study is meaningful, thus results contribute knowledge regarding preschool staffs’ understandings of language learning in outdoor environments and develop insights to help preschool staff stimulate children’s language learning in outdoor environments.
Fysiske faktorers betydning for mattilbudet i barnehagene - en casestudie
Authors: Aadland Eli Kristin , Holthe Asle , Wergedahl Hege , Fossgard Eldbjørg
Published: April 2015

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to put focus on food and meal situation in the kindergarten. We have carried out a case study in two kindergartens and the data material consists of observations and interviews. The results showed that the physical structures such as the food and drink offer, structural facilities and the physical community are important for the food and meal provision in the kindergarten. The provision of food and drink varied between the two cases, this can be explained by how the kindergartens organized the preparation of the meal. Emphasis of the dining environment was different in the two cases, which in turn created a different atmosphere around the meal. It was also different practices whether the staff ate together with the children or not. When the staff ate the same food as the children, the meals were in a greater extent characterized by the adults' needs, including increased demands on hygiene, more delicate garnished food, greater food selection and the increased focus on the dining environment. The distance to the nearest grocery store had little impact, while on the other hand, cooperation with food suppliers had great importance for food and meal provision in the kindergarten.Sammendrag: Case studien har sett på fysiske faktorer som kan hemme eller fremme muligheter for helsefremmende handling i barnehagen. Resultatene viste at mattilbudet i barnehagen var påvirket av hva som tilbys av mat/drikke, bygningsmessige fasiliteter og det fysiske nærmiljøet. Barnehagene hadde ulik praksis med å spise med barna. Når voksne spiser samme maten som barna, ser det ut som måltidene blir formet etter voksnes behov. Som økt krav til hygiene, at maten er delikat servert, større matvareutvalg og økt krav til trivelig spisemiljø. Nærhet til butikk hadde liten betydning, mens derimot samarbeid med grossister for levering av matvarer, hadde stor betydning for mattilbudet i barnehagen.
Magt & meninger: Pædagogiske værdiprofiler blandt personalet i danske børnehaver
Authors: Olsen Bent
Published: April 2015

The article presents a research work on possible correlations between childhood background and educational values in a group of 700 employees in 80 Danish kindergartens. If the staff's pedagogical work is indebted to the living environment, the individual has grown up in; it can give this work the character of resilience or inertia and stability. This inertia, however, can come into conflict with the instrumental requirements on adaptability to external demands of change, transition and educational development programs.Using the so-called multiple correspondence analysis one obtains first a map of social background of respondents and their professional and cultural resources with the use of indicators of cultural and social capital in the wake of Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical framework. By the next step a new second map is being drawn based on the answers to a number of value questions. And finally one gets the relationship between social structure and educational values by comparing the two maps.The results show that respondents typically agree on the pedagogical values across social background, age and position in the professional job hierarchy. But the project also shows that there are correlations between the possession of social and cultural capital and what is being appreciated in the pedagogical work. Artiklen præsenterer et forskningsarbejde om mulige sammenhænge mellem opvækstbaggrund og pædagogiske værdier i en gruppe på 700 ansatte i 80 danske børnehaver. Hvis personalets pædagogiske arbejde står i gæld til de levemiljøer, man er vokset op i, kan det give dette arbejde karakter af stabilitet. Projektet undersøger, hvordan disse livslange forudsætninger krystalliseres i mødet med det børnehavepædagogiske arbejdsfelt: afsætter forskelle i opvækst- og leveerfaringer tilsvarende mønsterforskelle i de pædagogiske værdiorienteringer?  Med den såkaldte multible korrespondanceanalyse er det muligt at få sammenhænge frem mellem et stort antal variable på én gang. Dette arbejde med datasættet skrider frem over tre trin.  Først fremkommer et rum af positioner baseret på respondenternes sociale baggrund og deres faglige og kulturelle ressourcer. Her bruges indikatorer på kulturel og social kapital i forlængelse af Pierre Bourdieus teoretiske rammeværk. Med svarene på en række spørgsmål fra børnehavens hverdagsliv konstrueres dernæst et rum af pædagogiske værdier. På det tredje og sidste trin sættes de to rum eller ”kort” i forbindelse med hinanden for at se, om den sociale struktur kan genfindes i rummet af pædagogiske værdier.Resultaterne viser, at der er sammenhænge mellem besiddelse af social og kulturel kapital, og det man værdsætter i det pædagogiske arbejde. Men projektet viser også, at personalet i vid udstrækning samler sig om de pædagogiske værdier på tværs af social baggrund, alder og position i stillingshierarkiet.
Fournier's Gangrene: A Summary of 10 Years of Clinical Experience
Authors: Oguz Abdullah , Gümüş Metehan , Turkoglu Ahmet , Bozdağ Zübeyir , Ülger Burak Veli , Agaçayak Elif , Böyük Abdullah
Published: April 2015

We aimed to present our clinical experience with FG treatment. Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a rare but serious disease characterized by progressive necrosis in the genitourinary and perineal region. The retrospective study included 43 patients. Patients were divided into 2 groups as survivors and nonsurvivors. Included in the analysis were data pertaining to demographics, predisposing factors, comorbidities, results of bacteriologic analyses, number of debridements, duration of treatment, FG Severity Index (FGSI) score, fecal diversion methods (trephine ostomy or Flexi-Seal Fecal Management System-FMS), and dressing methods (wet or negative aspiration system). In the nonsurvivor group, urea, WBC, and age were significantly higher, whereas albumin, hematocrit, platelet count, and length of hospital stay (LOHS) were significantly lower compared to the survivor group. Mean FGSI was lower in survivors in comparison with nonsurvivors (5.00 ± 1.86 and 10.00 ± 1.27, respectively; P < 0.001). We conclude that FGSI is an important predictor in the prognosis of FG. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) should be performed in compliant patients in order to enhance patient comfort by reducing pain and the number of dressings. Fecal diversion should be performed as needed, preferably by using FMS. The trephine ostomy should be the method of choice in cases where an ostomy is necessary.
Elinzanetant for the Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopause
Authors: Pinkerton JoAnn V. , Simon James A. , Joffe Hadine , Maki Pauline M. , Nappi Rossella E. , Panay Nick , Soares Claudio N. , Thurston Rebecca C. , Caetano Cecilia , Haberland Claudia , Haseli Mashhadi Nazanin , Krahn Ulrike , Mellinger Uwe , Parke Susanne , Seitz Christian , Zuurman Lineke
Published: August 2024

Importance

Safe and effective nonhormonal treatments for menopausal vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are needed.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of elinzanetant, a selective neurokinin-1,3 receptor antagonist, for the treatment of moderate to severe menopausal vasomotor symptoms.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Two randomized double-blind phase 3 trials (OASIS 1 and 2) included postmenopausal participants aged 40 to 65 years experiencing moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (OASIS 1: 77 sites in the US, Europe, and Israel from August 27, 2021, to November 27, 2023, and OASIS 2: 77 sites in the US, Canada, and Europe from October 29, 2021, to October 10, 2023).

Intervention

Once daily oral elinzanetant, 120 mg, for 26 weeks or matching placebo for 12 weeks followed by elinzanetant, 120 mg, for 14 weeks.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary end points included mean change in frequency and severity of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms from baseline to weeks 4 and 12, measured by the electronic hot flash daily diary. Secondary end points included Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance Short Form 8b total T score and Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire total score from baseline to week 12.

Results

Eligible participants (mean [SD] age, OASIS 1: 54.6 [4.9] years; OASIS 2: 54.6 [4.8] years) were randomized to elinzanetant (OASIS 1: n = 199; OASIS 2: n = 200) or placebo (OASIS 1: n = 197; OASIS 2: n = 200). A total of 309 (78.0%) and 324 (81.0%) completed OASIS 1 and 2, respectively. For the elinzanetant and placebo groups, the baseline mean (SD) VMS per 24 hours were 13.4 (6.6) vs 14.3 (13.9) (OASIS 1) and 14.7 (11.1) v 16.2 (11.2) (OASIS 2). Baseline VMS severity was 2.6 (0.2) vs 2.5 (0.2) (OASIS 1) and 2.5 (0.2) vs 2.5 (0.2) (OASIS 2). Elinzanetant significantly reduced VMS frequency vs placebo at week 4 (OASIS 1: −3.3 [95% CI, −4.5 to −2.1], P < .001; OASIS 2: −3.0 [95% CI, −4.4 to −1.7], P < .001) and at week 12 (OASIS 1: −3.2 [95% CI, −4.8 to −1.6], P < .001; OASIS 2: −3.2 [95% CI, −4.6 to −1.9], P < .001). Elinzanetant also improved VMS severity vs placebo at week 4 (OASIS 1: −0.3 [95% CI, −0.4 to −0.2], P < .001; OASIS 2: −0.2 [95 CI, −0.3 to −0.1], P < .001) and week 12 (OASIS 1: −0.4 [95% CI, −0.5 to −0.3], P < .001; OASIS 2: −0.3 [95% CI, −0.4 to −0.1], P < .001). Elinzanetant improved sleep disturbances and menopause-related quality of life at week 12, and the safety profile was favorable.

Conclusions and Relevance

Elinzanetant was well tolerated and efficacious for moderate to severe menopausal VMS.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: OASIS 1: NCT05042362, OASIS 2: NCT05099159
An Anal Lesion in a 27-Year-Old Patient
Authors: Baude Jérémy , Mura Hugues , Lépinoy Alexis
Published: August 2024

A 27-year-old male patient presented with anal discomfort and pruritus for 3 months. What is your diagnosis?
Fast Oxygen Redox Kinetics Induced by CoO6 Octahedron With π‐Interaction in P2‐Type Sodium Oxides
Authors: Cai Xinyin , Wang Nan , Liang Lixun , Li Xun‐Lu , Zhang Rui , Ma Lu , Hu Enyuan , Shen Shuiyun , Shadike Zulipiya , Zhang Junliang
Published: August 2024

Enhancing the kinetics of lattice oxygen redox (LOR) in P2‐type layered sodium oxide cathodes is crucial for the advancement of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with superior energy and power densities. Electronic structure regulation stands out as a highly effective approach to address the inherent limitations of P2‐type layered oxides with LOR, including sluggish kinetics, phase transitions, voltage hysteresis, and local structural distortion. Herein, a strategy involving the introduction of CoO6 octahedra with π‐interaction into Na0.6Li0.1Fe0.3−xCoxMn0.6O2 (x = 0, 0.15, 0.3) cathodes to facilitate Na‐ion transport is proposed. Furthermore, the impact of FeO6 octahedra with σ‐interaction in P2‐type cathodes on electrochemical performance is comprehensively investigated. Through multimodal in‐situ and ex‐situ characterization techniques, it is revealed that Co─O with π‐interaction effectively mitigates P2‐OP4 phase transitions by strengthening Na─O, reduces voltage hysteresis, and stabilizes the local structure. Consequently, Na0.6Li0.1Co0.3Mn0.6O2 demonstrates enhanced Na‐ion diffusion kinetics, leading to improved rate performance and a reversible capacity of 55 mAh g−1 at 10 C, significantly outperforming cathodes with Fe─O σ‐interaction. Moreover, when coupled with hard carbon, the full cell achieves a remarkable energy density of 395 Wh kg−1 (on cathode) at 0.1 C, with a capacity retention of 75% over 100 cycles at 1 C.
Capacitive Synaptor with Gate Surrounding Semiconductor Pillar Structure and Overturned Charge Injection for Compute‐in‐Memory
Authors: Kim Choong‐Ki , Read James , Shon Minji , Kim Tae‐Hyeon , Kim Myung‐Su , Yu Ji‐Man , Yoo Min‐Soo , Choi Yang‐Kyu , Yu Shimeng
Published: August 2024

The newly suggested synapse capacitor (synaptor) in this work has a cross‐point feature, enabling implementation at a feature size of 4F2. This synaptor has a gate surrounding semiconductor pillar (GSSP) structure with overturned charge injection (OCI) scheme to ensure high capacitive memory window. Sentaurus TCAD simulation tools are used to demonstrate the process feasibility and device characteristics. Two important process parameters are optimized to show the best characteristics; overlap height (Hov) and channel pillar height (Hch). An OCI‐GSSP device that has an aspect ratio of 10 and the minimal overlap height shows the highest Con/Coff over 5 in 40 nm wordline and BL pitch. It is the highest value and the smallest unit device size among the capacitive synapses that have been reported up to now. Advantages of scaled OCI‐GSSP devices are appealed through subarray circuit simulation. The subarray composed of OCI‐GSSP synaptor can calculate one vector‐matrix multiplication operation with energy under 200 fJ and column delay of 3 ns, and result in sufficient signal margin of 275 mV.
Recurrent p.H119Y variant in MAP2K1 expands the phenotypic spectrum of MAP2K1‐related RASopathy
Authors: Grange Dorothy K. , Wegner Daniel J. , Wambach Jennifer A. , Sisco Kathleen A. , Stone Stephen I. , Sheehan Jonathan H. , Ramsey Keri M. , Narayanan Vinodh , Rauen Katherine A. , Cole F. Sessions ,   the Undiagnosed Diseases Network
Published: August 2024

We report three unrelated individuals with atypical clinical findings for cardio‐facio‐cutaneous (CFC) syndrome, all of whom have the same novel, heterozygous de novo p.H119Y (c.355 C>T) transition variant in MAP2K1, identified by exome sequencing. MAP2K1 encodes MEK1, dual specificity mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1, and is one of four genes in the canonical RAS/MAPK signal transduction pathway associated with CFC syndrome. The p.H119Y variant is a non‐conservative amino acid substitution that is predicted to impact the tertiary protein structure, and it occurs at a position in the protein kinase domain of MAP2K1 that is highly conserved across species. The clinical findings in these three individuals include facial features that are nonclassical for CFC syndrome, extremely poor weight gain, absence of congenital cardiac defects or cardiomyopathy, normal cognition or only mild intellectual disabilities, normal hair, mild skin abnormalities, and consistent behavioral features of anxiety, photophobia, and sensory hypersensitivities. These individuals expand the phenotypic spectrum of MAP2K1‐related RASopathy.
Donor‐Acceptor Type Supra‐Carbon‐Dots with Long Lifetime Photogenerated Radicals Boosting Tumor Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xianming , Li Lingyun , Wang Bingzhe , Cai Zhipeng , Zhang Bohan , Chen Feng , Xing Guichuan , Li Kai , Qu Songnan
Published: August 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) have gained significant interest because of their potential in biomedical applications. Nevertheless, developing CDs with efficient photoinduced charge separation for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) remains a challenge. This study presents a novel class of supra‐carbon‐dots (supra‐CDs) developed by fusing red emissive CDs with 2,3‐dicyanohydroquinone (DCHQ) via post‐solvothermal treatment. In supra‐CDs, the core, acting as electron donors, is formed by assembled CDs with substantial sp2 domains, the fused interface originating from DCHQ with electron‐withdrawing groups functions as the electron acceptor. This configuration creates the unique donor‐acceptor nanostructure. Upon white light irradiation, the excited electrons from the assembled CDs were transferred to the electron‐withdrawing interface, whereas the photogenerated holes were retained within the assembled CDs as radicals, leading to effective photoinduced charge separation. The separated photogenerated electrons then react with oxygen to generate superoxide radicals. Simultaneously, the photogenerated holes undergo oxidation of crucial cellular substrates. This dual action underscores the exceptional cell‐killing efficacy of supra‐CDs. Moreover, the increased particle sizes (~20 nm) ensure supra‐CDs to exhibit a notable capacity for tumor accumulation via the improved permeability and retention effect, thereby achieving satisfactory anti‐tumor PDT efficacy in a mouse subcutaneous tumor model.
Liquid water transport mechanism inside fuel cells with orderly graded perforation microporous layer
Authors: Jiang Tao , Chen Zhenqian , Han Chaoling
Published: August 2024

This study aims to enhance the liquid water distribution within electrodes by innovatively designing a microporous layer (MPL) featuring orderly gradient perforations. Utilizing a multi‐component multi‐phase lattice Boltzmann model (LBM), which has been rigorously validated through contact angle measurements, Laplace pressure tests, grid independence checks, and comparisons with experimental data to ensure high predictive accuracy. The research systematically analyzes the governing liquid water transport in orderly gradient perforation MPLs. Leveraging this reliable modeling platform, the study conducts an exhaustive optimization analysis of gradient direction, gradation counts, and perforation geometry under constant porosity conditions. Findings reveal that negative gradient perforation designs significantly outperform positive gradient and conventional straight perforations, enhancing dry pore retention by at least 10.8%. Within the gradation counts, the ternary gradient structure further boosts channel retention by an additional minimum of 14.9% compared to quinary and continuous gradient structures. Moreover, cylindrical perforations demonstrate a substantial decrease surpassing spherical and square designs by at least 13.8% for liquid water saturation. Critically, the optimized model effectively inhibit the formation of saturation‐induced blockages in localized thickness regions. In conclusion, the investigation offers a robust basis for advancing MPL design strategies, targeting improved electrochemical processes and battery performance.
Experimental study on the mechanism of nanoparticles improving the stability of high expansion foam
Authors: Zhang Yixiang , Feng Shilong , Jing Yuhui , Bai Junhua
Published: August 2024

High expansion (Hi‐Ex) foam is recommended to suppress the leakage and diffusion of cryogenic liquid due to its light weight and large volume. However, the disadvantages of low stability and high break rate under environmental conditions are all limited the further application in vapor mitigation and fire extinguishing. So that, this paper focus on the effect and mechanism of nanoparticles in stabilizing Hi‐Ex foam. Three kinds of nanoparticles with different concentration were selected to evaluate the effect of foam half‐life and the mechanism of particles on improving the foam stability. The results indicated that different particle concentrations can improve the foam stability to a specific extent, and the maximum improving of half‐life can increase by 95.4% in the presence of the hydrophilic SiO2 at .5 wt%. Meanwhile, the hydrophilicity, size, and morphology of the particles have a specific impact on the foam stability. The foam expansion rate first increased and then decreased. From the microscopic point of view, the bubble size gradually increases with time by two processes of ripening and coalescence and satisfied in a logarithmic distribution. While, the liquid film thickness remarkably decreases due to foam drainage without particles and the adsorption and accumulation of nanoparticles on foam lamella can provide a spatial barrier for the film thinning and the inter bubble diffusion. Finally, the microscopic interaction mechanism on improving the foam stability has been further explored and revealed in these two aspects.
Effect of borosilicate residue as flame retardant and reinforcement filler in polypropylene/natural fiber composites
Authors: Poletto Murillo Ricardo Lombardo , Callegari Bruna , Ferreira Eduardo Bellini , Branciforti Marcia Cristina
Published: August 2024

This study evaluated the influence of adding borosilicate residue (BS) as a flame retardant in polypropylene (PP) and natural fiber composites. The natural fibers used in this study come from the residue of the carpet industry, which is composed of PP and jute fibers (JT), while the PP used as the polymer matrix is postindustrial recycled material. The composites were produced by corotational twin‐screw extrusion and injection molding to obtain the test specimens. A coating process was carried out to add the water‐soluble fraction of BS to the surface of the compositions that did not receive it through incorporation during processing. To characterize the composites, flammability tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile strength test, and morphological analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed. The addition of only 2 wt% BS content induces an increase in thermal stability of 32 and 109°C for composites with and without natural fibers, respectively. The addiction of 20 wt% BS elevates the elastic modulus up to 27% of the composites with and without natural fibers. The BS characterization indicates that it could be applied as a flame retardant when applied as coating methods using the water‐soluble fraction of BS, reducing the burning rate up to 92%. Flammability results are similar for formulations with and without natural fibers, indicating that the natural fibers did not influence the proposed flame retardant. The findings suggest that BS coating is a potential solution to improve the properties of natural fiber‐reinforced polymer composites while also promoting waste recycling. This approach produces composites with improved flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties, making them suitable for various end applications.
Electrical properties enhancement of dually grafting modification for polypropylene cable insulation
Authors: Wang Mingti , Hu Shixun , Zhang Wenjia , Zhou Yuxiao , Huang Shangshi , Zhang Jiahui , Zhang Qi , Yang Changlong , Li Qi , Yuan Hao , He Jinliang
Published: August 2024

Polypropylene (PP) is believed to be a rather promising cable insulating material for high‐capacity electric power system with low carbon emission due to its decent thermo‐resistance and recyclable nature. In this paper, a new dually chemical grafting modification strategy by methyl acrylate (MA) and acrylic acid (AA) is put forward to tailor the charge transportation behavior in PP, thus further enhancing the electrical properties. Experimental results indicate that the dually grafted PP with 2.3 weight percent (wt%) MA and 1.9 wt% AA shows enhanced volume resistivity and electrical breakdown strength than pure PP, and the space charge injection is significantly suppressed. This work further adopts thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) test and computational analysis based on density functional theory (DFT) to reveal the mechanism of enhancement. The analysis shows that grafted chemical groups can introduce quantities of deep traps and electrostatic potential wells which are strongly correlated with the carbonyl group and would hinder the charge transportation thus improving the electrical insulating performances of PP. This work would provide a new route of PP‐based dually grafting modification for the development of high‐voltage cable insulation.
Fitness costs, realized heritability, and mechanism of resistance to tenvermectin B in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Zhang Kui , Rao Wenwu , Zhu Linying , Zhang Shaoyong , Chen Jie , Zhou Sha , Chen Anliang
Published: August 2024

Tenvermectin B (TVM‐B) and five TVM‐B analogs were produced by fermentation of a genetically engineered strain Streptomyces avermitilis HU02, and TVM‐B is being developed as a new insecticide. Through 11 generations of resistance selection against TVM‐B in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, the median lethal concentration (LC50) was increased from 14.84 to 1213.73 mg L−1. The resistance to TVM‐B in P. xylostella developed fast and its realized heritability was high (h2 = 0.2901 (F7), h2 = 0.4070 (F11)). However, the relative fitness was 0.6916 suggesting a fitness cost in the resistant strains. The fitness cost was partially explained by the upregulation of the detoxification enzyme activity by 2.15 folds in carboxylate esterase (CarE) and the gene expressions of ATP‐binding cassette transporter gene (ABCC2) and the alpha subunit of the glutamate‐gated chloride channel (GluCl) by 1.70‐ and 2.32 folds, respectively. The resistance was also explained by two points of mutations at the alpha subunit of the glutamate‐gated chloride channel in the P. xylostella (PxGluClα) subunit in F11. However, there was little change in the binding affinity. These results provided helpful information for the mechanism study of TVM‐B resistance and will be conducive to designing rational resistance management strategies in P. xylostella.
Developmental process of the understanding of linguistic register in children: A comparison of typically developing children, autistic children, and children with Williams syndrome
Authors: Ikeda Ayaka , Hakuno Yoko , Asada Kosuke , Ikeda Takahiro , Yamagata Takanori , Hirai Masahiro
Published: August 2024

Although the developmental process of linguistic register—the appropriate manner of speech as determined by the listener and social situation—has been gradually clarified in typically developing (TD) children, research on the mechanism and developmental process of register acquisition in atypically developing children are insufficient. This study compared the developmental process of understanding linguistic register among TD children, autistic children, and those with Williams syndrome (WS), and examined the contributions of social cognition and motivation to the acquisition of linguistic register. Two experiments were designed to assess the recognition of which linguistic register to use when communicating with different listeners and of the listener's feelings according to the speakers' use of register. The results revealed that the process of understanding register‐listener associations was nearly identical among all groups of children and their understanding improved with age. Conversely, their understanding of the effect of register selection on the listener's feelings varied. Importantly, as TD children mature, they become aware that adult listeners may feel negatively when spoken to in an inappropriate register, whereas autistic children and those with WS do not exhibit the same awareness. Thus, our results suggest that atypical social cognition and motivation do not disturb the understanding of register‐listener associations. However, social cognition and motivation play important roles in understanding the effect of register selection on the listener's feelings. These findings provide a significant contribution to clarifying the mechanism of linguistic register acquisition.
Microfabricated dynamic brain organoid cocultures to assess the effects of surface geometry on assembloid formation
Authors: Cassel de Camps Camille , Rostami Sabra , Xu Vanessa , Li Chen , Lépine Paula , Durcan Thomas M. , Moraes Christopher
Published: August 2024

Organoids have emerged as valuable tools for the study of development and disease. Assembloids are formed by integrating multiple organoid types to create more complex models. However, the process by which organoids integrate to form assembloids remains unclear and may play an important role in the resulting organoid structure. Here, a microfluidic platform is developed that allows separate culture of distinct organoid types and provides the capacity to partially control the geometry of the resulting organoid surfaces. Removal of a microfabricated barrier then allows the shaped and positioned organoids to interact and form an assembloid. When midbrain and unguided brain organoids were allowed to assemble with a defined spacing between them, axonal projections from midbrain organoids and cell migration out of unguided organoids were observed and quantitatively measured as the two types of organoids fused together. Axonal projection directions were statistically biased toward other midbrain organoids, and unguided organoid surface geometry was found to affect cell invasion. This platform provides a tool to observe cellular interactions between organoid surfaces that are spaced apart in a controlled manner, and may ultimately have value in exploring neuronal migration, axon targeting, and assembloid formation mechanisms.
Aspiration performance gap, second generation involvement in management, and family Firms' environmental responsibility
Authors: Wang Xuan , Sun Wei
Published: August 2024

How does the aspiration performance gap affect environmental responsibility of family firms? Using the theory of performance feedback theory and panel data from 6268 Chinese A‐share listed manufacturing family firms from 2011 to 2021, the study shows that (1) The positive aspiration performance gap negatively affects environmental responsibility, while the absolute negative aspiration performance gap shows an inverted U‐shaped relationship. (2) Second generation involvement in management has varying moderating effects on the relationship between different aspiration performance gaps and environmental responsibility. These results enhance the understanding of the heterogeneity in family firms' strategic behaviors and provide valuable insights for family firms' strategic decision‐making regarding environmental responsibility.
Facilitator roles for knowledge sharing in industrial symbiosis networks during emergence
Authors: Katana Katrin , Glaa Besma , Mirata Murat
Published: August 2024

Industrial symbiosis (IS) is a collaborative strategy where organisations share or exchange by‐products, materials, energy or waste to address environmental degradation, resource depletion and sustainable productivity. Knowledge sharing, which can be supported by a facilitator, is commonly expected to enable exploration and assessment of potential exchanges during IS emergence. Drawing on a multi‐case study of four IS networks in Europe during their emergence phase, this study explores how different facilitators support knowledge sharing. The study offers insights into distinct IS facilitator roles for knowledge sharing, including stewards, mediators, catalysts and moderators. The findings show that IS facilitator characteristics, such as the strategic relevance of IS developments to facilitators and facilitators' ownership of critical tangible resources, as well as network structures may influence their role. The paper concludes with theoretical and managerial implications that are relevant for those involved in IS facilitation and with suggestions for future research within the field.
Hydrophobic Domain Modulation of Chemical Responsiveness in a Bolaamphiphile‐Based Supramolecular Monomer
Authors: Vittala Sandeepa K. , Liu Tingxian , van Zwol Suzanne , Fehér Bence , Voets Ilja K. , Kieltyka Roxanne E.
Published: August 2024

Self‐immolative chemistries that respond in an irreversible manner to external stimuli are highly attractive to permanently degrade filamentous supramolecular biomaterials. Within the monomer, a balance needs to be struck between its capacity to be supramolecularly polymerized and degraded at an appropriate rate for a given application. Herein, we unravel the structure‐property‐function relationships of a library of squaramide‐based bolaamphiphiles bearing a central disulfide‐based self‐immolative spacer to construct supramolecular polymers responsive to chemical stimuli in aqueous solutions. We examine the impact of changing the alkyl domain length (2 to 12 methylene units) on the formation of supramolecular filaments and their rate of degradation in response to a biological antioxidant, glutathione. A minimum of an octyl spacer is required to robustly form supramolecular polymers that can be irreversibly degraded through a cyclization‐elimination reaction of the self‐immolative spacer triggered by thiol‐disulfide exchange. Further increasing the peripheral alkyl chain length to a decyl spacer increases the ordered packing of the amphiphiles, hindering their chemical degradation. This study provides a framework to design chemically responsive filamentous supramolecular polymers based on bolaamphiphiles that can be irreversibly degraded in aqueous solutions for their eventual application as biomedical materials.
DNA Hydrogels for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Peng Li , Gu Shuang , Hou Min , Hou Xiaohua
Published: August 2024

Nucleic acids, because of their precise pairing and simple composition, have emerged as excellent materials for the formation of gels. The application of DNA hydrogels in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer has expanded significantly through research on the properties and functions of nucleic acids. Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) such as aptamers, Small interfering RNA (siRNA), and DNAzymes have been incorporated into DNA hydrogels to enhance their diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. This review discusses various methods for forming DNA hydrogels, with a focus on pure DNA hydrogels. We then explore the innovative applications of DNA hydrogels in cancer diagnosis and therapy. DNA hydrogels have become essential biomedical materials, and this review provides an overview of current research findings and the status of DNA hydrogels in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, while also exploring future research directions.
Inhibitors of the mTOR signaling pathway can play an important role in breast cancer immunopathogenesis
Authors: Al‐Hawary Sulieman I. Shelash , Altalbawy Farag M. A. , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Jyothi S Renuka , Jamal Azfar , Naiyer Mohammed M. , Mahajan Shriya , Kalra Hitesh , Jawad Mohammed Abed , Zwamel Ahmed Hussein
Published: August 2024

This study explores the critical role of inhibitors targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in breast cancer research and treatment. The mTOR pathway, a central regulator of cellular processes, has been identified as a crucial factor in the development and progression of breast cancer. The essay explains the complex molecular mechanisms through which mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin and its analogs, exert their anticancer effects. These inhibitors can stop cell growth, proliferation, and survival in breast cancer cells by blocking critical signaling pathways within the mTOR pathway. Furthermore, the essay discusses the implications of using mTOR inhibitors as a comprehensive therapeutic strategy. It emphasizes the potential benefits of combining mTOR inhibitors with other treatment approaches to enhance the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment. The evolving landscape of breast cancer research underscores the significance of mTOR as a therapeutic target and highlights ongoing efforts to improve and optimize mTOR inhibitors for clinical use. In conclusion, the essay asserts that inhibitors of the mTOR signaling pathway offer a promising approach in the fight against breast cancer. These inhibitors provide a focused and effective intervention targeting specific dysregulations within the mTOR pathway. As research advances, the integration of mTOR inhibitors into customized combination therapies holds excellent potential for shaping a more effective and personalized approach to breast cancer treatment, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for individuals affected by this complex and diverse disease.
The role of soluble epoxide hydrolase in the intestine
Authors: Ren Yanbei , Wang Ting , Yin Jiuheng
Published: August 2024

The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH; encoded by the EPHX2 gene) is an α/β hydrolase fold protein that is, widely distributed throughout the body. Recent studies have highlighted that sEH, in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids, plays a part in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and intestine‐associated disease. This review discusses the current findings on the role of sEH in the development of intestine‐ and intestine‐associated diseases, including colitis, colorectal cancer, and other intestinal diseases, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms involved.