bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of the bond Between concrete and GFRP bars with different surface treatments
Authors: Štefanovičová Michaela , Gajdošová Katarína , Sonnenschein Róbert , Borzovič Viktor
Published: July 2022

The bond between glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs) and steel reinforcements to concrete is investigated in this study. The experimental program includes two different testing methods (beam tests and pull-out tests) on three different types of reinforcement with various materials, diameters, and surface treatments. For each type of reinforcement rebar and test method, three specimens were tested. A total of 12 beam tests and 12 pull-out tests were performed to analyze the effect of a bar´s diameter, the type of surface treatment, and the configuration of the test on the bond strength of the bar to the concrete. All but one of the bars investigated failed in the pull-out failure mode and showed good bonding behavior to the concrete. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that an increase in the diameter of GFRP bars causes a decrease in the bond stress when a beam bond test is performed and that the surface treatment of GFRP bars has a significant effect on the bond mechanism. Similar bond-slip behavior was observed in both testing methods.
Examining UN PKO contributions at multiple levels
Authors: Ye Min , Li Quan
Published: July 2022

Most empirical studies on states’ personnel contributions to UN peacekeeping operations (PKOs) use a state’s annual contributions as the unit of analysis. A critical problem of the state-level analysis is that it ignores the fact that states have to decide how to distribute these peacekeepers among more than a dozen peacekeeping missions. Ignoring the mission-level decision misses a significant part of states’ UN PKO contributions and could bias our empirical analysis. We propose a two-level model that sees a state’s UN PKO contributions as the interactions between the state-level and mission-level factors. This model is employed to revisit the heatedly debated “reimbursement hypothesis”. Our analysis of the empirical data between 1990 and 2018 shows a mixed relationship between states’ economic development and their UN PKO contributions. We also find that middle-income rather than low-income countries are the most critical providers of UN PKOs since the end of the cold war.
Exploring police culture and reform strategies post charing cross: Insights from the literature
Authors: Turner Allison
Published: July 2022

This paper examines cop culture and potential strategies for reform, following the publication of the Hotton Report at Charing Cross Police Station. This paper critically examines previous academic literature, to contribute to a highly topical matter. It also identifies strategies which have the potential to weaken an established and negative police culture, currently operating within the Metropolitan Police. Research findings within this paper, identify how cop culture remains a powerful mechanism within policing, acting as a barrier to reform. However, the findings also uncover that change is possible, through implementation of avenues involving education, increased diversity and transformational leadership.
Creativity From Constraint Exploration and Exploitation
Authors: Tromp Catrinel
Published: July 2022

Using the frameworks of creativity as problem solving and Integrated Constraints in Creativity (IConIC), this article develops the proposal that creativity is best understood in terms of a cycle of constraint exploration and exploitation. This general thesis, which applies to varied domains and levels of creativity, is supported by three specific proposals about the role of constraints in creativity, each of which is developed and illustrated with examples. First, constraints provide the criteria for the evaluation of creative outcomes, which can vary as a function of the emphasis on novel usefulness or useful novelty. Second, constraints are critical in each step of the creative process: problem finding, problem construction, and problem solving. Third, constraints play a key role in both open-ended and closed-ended creative problems. These arguments are supported by specific predictions, concerning: (a) task differences in whether novelty or usefulness are emphasized more; (b) individual differences in the processing of constraints (some may favor flexible constraint exploration, while others may favor persistent constraint exploitation), which I hypothesize also correlate with (c) engagement in different types of creative problem-solving (more open-ended, of the sort encountered in art, vs. more closed-ended, of the sort encountered in science, business, and engineering).
Vulnerability, neglect, and collectivity in Brazilian favelas: Surviving the threats of the COVID-19 pandemic and the state’s necropolitics
Authors: Basile Patricia
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has deepened existing inequities and injustices in Brazil, seen in the disproportionately detrimental impacts on favelas. State policy responses to the pandemic have disregarded favela residents’ experiences. Recommendations such as ‘shelter-in-place’ ignore the reality of over 11.4 million favela residents who cannot work from home or afford to stop working, nor practise physical distancing from others. This study investigates the discourse of community organisations in favelas as they respond to the threats of the COVID-19 pandemic and the state’s necropolitics. Community organisations in favelas have taken action to protect their residents from the virus, unemployment and hunger. I assess organisations’ (1) justification to act as a collective in their communities, and (2) stances about the government’s responses to the crisis. Through content analysis of social media, websites and media appearances of eight favela organisations and collectives in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, this study finds three main themes through which organisations justify their actions: vulnerability, neglect, and collectivity and care. More than survival strategies, the actions of favela organisations are counter-political acts as they oppose the decrepit necropolitics of the state by collectively enduring in the Brazilian context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding favela organisations’ actions in response to the pandemic is fundamental. It further illuminates the impact of public health emergencies in the lives of informal settlements’ residents and the governance of public health emergencies in these communities.
Adaptive energy management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on intelligent recognition of driving cycle
Authors: Shi Dapai , Li Shipeng , Liu Kangjie , Xu Yinggang , Wang Yun , Guo Changzheng
Published: July 2022

In order to enhance the adaptability of energy management strategy (EMS) to complex and changeable driving cycles, this paper proposed an adaptive energy management strategy (A-EMS) based on intelligent recognition of driving cycle (IRDC) by the back propagation neural network (BPNN) and genetic algorithm (GA). Firstly, BPNN is employed to design IRDC. Secondly, the equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is derived based on Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP). Then, GA is used to optimize the MAP of the initial equivalent factor (EF) with the initial state of charge (SOC) and mileage. At the same time, the SOC penalty function and the velocity penalty function are employed to modify the initial EF, and then an adaptive minimum equivalent fuel consumption strategy (A-ECMS) is established. Finally, A-ECMS strategy model based on IRDC is modelled by the Matlab/Simulink software, and its model control effect is verified. Simulation results show that compared with ECMS strategy, A-ECMS strategy can maintain high fuel economy under complex driving cycles, and improve the vehicle's fuel economy up to 3%.
Korea’s national approach to Open Science: Present and possible future
Authors: Shmagun Hanna , Shim Jangsup , Choi Kwang-Nam , Shin Suk Kyung , Kim Jaesoo , Oppenheim Charles
Published: July 2022

Open Science (OS) – an emerging global trend driven by advances in digital technologies and government’s commitment to greater transparency and value for money of publicly funded research – is at its early stages, even in countries with high R&D expenditures, such as South Korea. This study provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of Korea’s national OS approach, with a focus on exploring the current OS regulatory and technological environments it operates under, and uncovering its SWOT – strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It concludes that internal weaknesses, such as insufficient political will to promote OS, dominate other SWOT characteristics of Korea’s national OS approach. Thus, the highest priority should be given to strategies attempting to minimise both internal weaknesses and external threats, such as reinforcing domestic Open Access publishing ecosystem to mitigate Korean researchers’ dependency on large international commercial publishers.
Does Cognitive Therapy Change the Early Maladaptive Schemas in Individuals with Alcohol Dependence? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Singh Geeta , Kaloiya Gauri Shanker , Dhawan Anju , Mishra Ashwani Kumar , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh
Published: July 2022

Background:

Although early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have been suggested as potential vulnerability markers for alcohol dependence (AD), there is less emphasis on addressing these schemas in substance abuse treatment programs. We thus aimed to examine the change in schemas in response to cognitive therapy in individuals with AD.

Methods:

In this an open-label randomized controlled study, individuals with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS, n = 84) were randomized to the intervention group ( n = 45), which received six cognitive therapy sessions combined with treatment as usual (TAU), or the control group ( n = 39), which was on TAU only. Participants were assessed on the measures of EMSs, alcohol use severity, and perceived stress at baseline and posttreatment.

Results:

The intervention group showed significant improvement in 5 out of 18 EMSs, that is, emotional deprivation, defectiveness, self-sacrifice, unrelenting standard, and negativity, compared to the control group, at the end of the treatment. There was a significant between-group effect for perceived stress but not for alcohol use severity.

Conclusion:

EMSs can be changed with cognitive therapy in individuals with AD and could be a crucial area to address in treatment programs. Further studies with long-term follow-up are warranted.  The trial was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry—India (CTRI/2015/12/006441) on December 17, 2015.
Operationalizing relational construal level to test relational turbulence theory: Linking relational turbulence in romantic relationships to interpersonal processes
Authors: Li Yuwei , Solomon Denise Haunani
Published: July 2022

Drawing upon construal level theory (CLT) and relational turbulence theory (RTT), two studies developed and assessed three operationalizations of relational construal level, defined as how concretely or abstractly people conceptualize their romantic relationship, and evaluated relational construal level as a mediator of the associations between relational turbulence and supportiveness, collaborative planning, and social network engagement using data reported by individuals in romantic relationships. In Study 1 ( N = 405), preference for abstract versus concrete descriptions of relational activities and tendency to make extreme versus neutral judgments about a partner demonstrated desirable measurement properties and negative associations with relational turbulence, as predicted. A third measure indexing the accessibility of relational judgments was associated with neither relational turbulence nor the other measures of relational construal level. Study 2 used a more ethnically diverse sample ( N = 414; Asian: n = 103, Black: n = 105, Hispanic: n = 102, White: n = 104) and identified preference for abstract versus concrete descriptions of relational activities as the most robust operationalization of relational construal level. Specifically, this measure was negatively associated with relational turbulence and mediated the associations between relational turbulence and supportiveness, collaborative planning, and social network engagement, as predicted by RTT.
Mannose-binding lectin 2 gene polymorphisms and predisposition to allergic bronchial asthma in a western Romanian children population: an observational study
Authors: Borta Simona Maria , Donath-Miklos Imola , Popetiu Romana , Nica Dragos Vasile , Nitusca Diana , Crisan Adrian , Marian Catalin , Puschita Maria
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To analyse: (1) the associations between different mannose-binding lectin 2 ( MBL2) genotypes and susceptibility to bronchial asthma (BA) in Romanian children; and (2) the correlations between several patient sociodemographic variables and MBL2 polymorphisms.

Methods

This prospective observational case–control study included paediatric patients with symptomatic BA and healthy controls. Participants were genotyped for two MBL2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): exon 1 codon 54 A/B variant rs1800450, and -550 promoter H/L variant rs11003125 (GenBank accession). Associations between MBL2 genotypes and susceptibility to BA were determined by calculated odds ratios, and Kendall Tau’s correlations were used to investigate the associations between sociodemographic variables and SNPs.

Results

Among 59 patients with BA and 65 healthy controls, associations between MBL2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to BA were not found to be statistically significant. Statistically significant weak positive correlations were found between age at diagnosis and A/B genotype, and between the smoking status of biologically male and female parents. A statistically significant weak inverse association was found between male parent smoking status and family history of BA.

Conclusion

These results may help guide future research into paediatric BA in Romania and Eastern Europe. Due to study limitations, the results require validation in future large-scale studies.
Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) as a day-case: A real-world practice and patients’ perspective from a district general hospital (DGH)
Authors: Ippoliti Simona , Bhatt Nikita R , Ilie Cristian P
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Day-case transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is currently only performed in 18% cases across the United Kingdom. To determine 30-day readmission rate and morbidity after day-case TURBT in a district general hospital (DGH) and to report patient demographics, quality of TURBT and early recurrence rate as well as patient feedback after day-case TURBT.

Methods:

A retrospective audit of day-case TURBTs over a 3-year pre-COVID19 (2017–20) was performed. We only included patients who underwent a TURBT and excluded any cystoscopy and biopsy or fulguration. A day-case TURBT pathway is in place in this centre. Feedback was obtained using hospital patient feedback forms.

Results:

We included 77 patients who underwent TURBT in the day-case theatre, of these 5 patients required in-patient stay after the surgery. Of the remaining 72 discharged on the same day, 8 were re-admitted (11%) for Clavien-Dindo I complications. The readmission/failed discharge group had a higher rate of older patients, with higher ASA scores and longer operative times, however resection quality and tumour characteristics were not different from the day-case TURBTs. All patients reported an overall positive experience (good or very good).

Conclusions:

In the first of its kind audit reporting patient feedback after day-case TURBT, the data obtained can provide us and other centres adopting day-case TURBTs guidance to employ better patient selection to reduce readmission rates. Hence, day-case TURBT can be a feasible option in appropriately selected patients, with a suitable pathway in place.
Assessing Public Opinions of Sexual Advance Directives Among Older Adults With Dementia
Authors: Astle Shelby M. , McAllister Paige , Stanfield M. Hunter , Yelland Erin , Gimarc Caroline
Published: July 2022

This study used a mixed-method research design to examine public attitudes toward sexual advance directives (SADs), a theoretical legal document intended to protect the sexual rights of individuals across the lifespan. Respondents ( N = 537) largely indicated that SADs should exist (65.4%) to preserve autonomy and protect resident rights, but they would not sign one right now (60.4%) because they were too young. Linear regression analyses revealed statistical associations between education level, relationship length, and sexual instrumentality for the existence of SADs, while gender, age, perceived importance of sexuality, and sexual self-disclosure were associated with whether a respondent would sign the document now. Overall analyses indicate that valuing sexual expression as a right, autonomy, sexuality in older age, and sexual communication led to a greater amount of general support for SADs. Respondents were sensitive to the concerns of SADs in the context of fluid consent between partners and their safety.
Lessons learned about MAiD from a Catholic healthcare perspective
Authors: Self Gordon
Published: July 2022

As a Catholic healthcare organization, Covenant Health and the Covenant family of institutions in Alberta does not provide Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD). However, given its significant palliative and hospice bed base, it responds on average once per week to persons in their care requesting MAiD, requiring Covenant to balance the rights of individuals exploring this legally available option without compromising on its institutional identity and ethical integrity. The article details Covenant’s advocacy role with government and public messaging, demonstrating how balancing the rights of all is not only necessary, but possible. The article provides recommendations for both provider and non-provider sites alike to ensure appropriate safeguards, quality control, and longitudinal study, given the unprecedented impact MAiD has had on the national landscape, underscoring there are lessons learned for all to benefit.
Planning the Built Environment and Land Use Towards Deep Decarbonization of the United States
Authors: Hsu David , Andrews Clinton J. , T. Han Albert , G. Loh Carolyn , C. Osland Anna , P. Zegras Christopher
Published: July 2022

Many governments, businesses, and institutions are committing to net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, a goal and process known as deep decarbonization. Achieving this goal in the United States requires a national, economy-wide transformation in energy production and use in five sectors: electricity, transportation, industry, land-based carbon sinks, and buildings. All of these sectors interact with planning for the built environment and land use, so planning scholars and practitioners have many opportunities to engage policymakers working on national-level decarbonization strategies. This article analyzes the consequences of deep decarbonization for the future speed, scale, scope, role, and relevance of planning.
Does Future Work Self Benefit Everyone Equally? The Moderating Role of Organizational Support for Development
Authors: Han Ming-Chuan , Hwang Pin-Chyuan
Published: July 2022

To elucidate how and why hotel employees proactively engage in career development, this study explains the indirect effect of future work self (FWS) on their proactive career behavior through career engagement. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this study discusses the moderating role of organizational support for development (OSD) to highlight why OSD is important for those who have low-level FWS. Results of the 205 hotel supervisor–staff-matched data show that career engagement mediates the relationship between FWS and proactive career behavior. Furthermore, OSD can be considered a compensatory moderator that determines the indirect effect of FWS on proactive career behavior. This study provides further theoretical and practical implications.
A novel programme of supportive two-exchange assisted continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for frail patients with end-stage kidney disease
Authors: Brown Edwina A , Ryan Louise , Corbett Richard W
Published: July 2022

We have developed a supportive two-exchange assisted continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (asCAPD) programme for the older frail person who cannot do autonomous PD and do not want or are considered to be too high risk for haemodialysis (HD). Evaluation of the programme was determined by data collected retrospectively from patient records. Primary outcome was comparison of symptoms at start of dialysis and 3 months following dialysis start. Secondary outcomes were survival and peritonitis rate. Over a 4-year period (2016–2020), 49 patients with mean age 79.6 years (range 47–90) enrolled in the programme with eGFR 7.7 ± 2.6 ml/min (mean ± SD) at dialysis start. Forty-one patients had been on asCAPD for >3 months. There was an improvement in all symptoms at 3 months compared to baseline: anorexia (46% to 15%), fatigue (46% to 15%), shortness of breath (27% to 2%) and oedema (51% to 32%). One-year survival was 55%. Peritonitis rate was 0.52 episodes per patient year. The novel supportive two-exchange asCAPD programme shows potential improvement of symptoms after 3 months and may provide an acceptable dialysis modality for the frail co-morbid person with established kidney failure. More detailed study and evaluation are needed.
Environmentally conscious biomedical implant manufacturing method
Authors: Singh Sodhi Gurvinder Pal , Bhakar Vikrant , Singh Gurminder , Singh Harpreet , Pandey Pulak Mohan , Pan Shuaihang
Published: July 2022

The significant advantage of using magnesium as a surgical implant is its ability to biodegrade in situ, eliminating the requirement for implant removal surgery. However, investigating biomedical implant fabrication processes required the study analyses from the perspective of the process plan and environmental impact for better sustainable solutions. In the present study, magnesium and hydroxyapatite-based composite material have been selected for fabricating the bio-medical implant. The real-time data has been observed in the production processes. The environmental impacts of the produced bio-implant material are compared with those of the bio-implant produced using friction-stir processing and laser-based powder metallurgy. It is observed from the analysis that conventional methods can be utilized for making bio-medical implants cost-effectively after careful modifications in the process sequence and parameters. The environmental impact analysis provided a detailed visualization of major hotspots and supported effective decision-making toward improving the production process. At the same time, the comparative analysis provides a clear picture of the hotspots in the bio-implant production processes. The study compared the environmental impact of two bio-implant production processes and provided valuable insights to reduce overall cost and improve environmental impact across the supply chain. A bio-implant prototype has been made with a cheaper alternative to additive manufacturing.
Prevalence and correlates of human immunodeficiency virus infection among spouses of married men who have sex with men in India
Authors: Srikrishnan Aylur K , Ganesan Kavitha , Mehta Shruti H , Tomori Cecilia , Vasudevan Canjeevaram K , Celentano David D , Solomon Sunil S
Published: July 2022

Background

Men who have sex with men (MSM) in low-to-middle-income countries bear a high burden of HIV and a significant proportion marry women to satisfy socio-cultural norms. It has previously been demonstrated that HIV prevalence is higher among married versus unmarried MSM, but limited data are available on HIV prevalence among their wives.

Methods

We recruited 149 married MSM couples where the husband disclosed his MSM behavior to his wife (disclosed MSM) and 150 married MSM who had not disclosed their MSM behavior to their wives (undisclosed MSM), in three Indian cities. All participants completed interviewer-administered surveys and underwent HIV testing. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess correlates of HIV among wives of MSM. Descriptive statistics were used to compare characteristics of disclosed and undisclosed MSM.

Results

HIV prevalence in disclosed MSM, their wives, and undisclosed MSM was 46.9%, 27.9%, and 34.9%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, the strongest predictor of HIV prevalence among wives of MSM was husband’s HIV positive status (adjusted odds ratio: 13.4; 95% confidence interval: 5.44–33.2). Both disclosed and undisclosed MSM reported high levels of risk behavior including infrequent condom use. Most undisclosed MSM reported that they did not intend to disclose MSM behavior due to stigma.

Conclusions

We observed an extremely high HIV prevalence among women married to MSM despite low levels of individual risk behavior. Interventions are urgently needed in this vulnerable population particularly given the challenges related to disclosure of same sex behavior among their husbands.
Thermal‐hydraulic investigation of a proposed concept for a passive containment cooling system and evaluation of heat exchanger performance
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad , Hengra Nasir H , Nauman Muhammad D , Samee Abdus , Inayat Mansoor H
Published: July 2022

Reduction in ambient pressure within the containment of a light water reactor in the event of a hypothetical Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) is crucial for containment integrity. This article introduces the distinct concept of a Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS). In the proposed PCCS concept, the containment is divided into two compartments with appropriate volumes. An external heat exchanger is connected between the two compartments of the containment for heat transfer and pressure reduction in the case of LOCA. This concept has unique characteristics and provides many advantages over previous designs. A RELAP5 model was developed to perform thermal-hydraulic analysis of the proposed PCCS concept. The performance of the PCCS after its deployment on a small reactor (998.6 MWth) has been assessed under various conditions following LOCA. The results indicate that partitioning of the containment creates a differential pressure that acts as a driving force for flow through the PCCS heat exchanger. Consequently, a decrease in long-term containment pressure is observed. In the case of equal volume fractions in the two containment compartments, the PCCS reduces long-term pressure in the containment by 16.5%. Sensitivity analysis was conducted in which the flow area of the PCCS inlet line, the heat transfer area, and the size of the heat exchanger tank were varied. The PCCS heat transfer capacity increases as these parameters are increased. However, the former is less sensitive than the latter two. The performance of the PCCS heat exchanger under steady-state conditions was validated using RELAP5 simulations, empirical correlations, and analytical models. The evaluation of heat exchanger parameters by various methods (presented in Appendix 1 ) was found in close agreement.
Tight correlation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine expression with the scarring damage of discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Li Qianwen , Yang Ming , Chen Kaili , Zhou Suqing , Zhou Shengnan , Wu Haijing
Published: July 2022

Objective

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a heterogenous skin disease. The two most common subtypes are discoid LE (DLE) characterized by scarring skin damage and acute CLE (ACLE) presenting with transiently reversible skin lesions. It remains unknown what causes the difference of skin lesions. Studies have shown the existence of tissue-specific 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC)-modified regions in human tissues, which may affect the tissue-related diseases. Here, we aim to assess the expression of 5 hmc in DLE and ACLE lesions and explore the relationship of 5 hmc with scarring damage in DLE.

Methods

84 CLE samples were included in the study. We evaluated the skin damage score and reviewed the histopathologic sections. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of 5 hmc in the appendage and periappendageal inflammatory cells. The 5 hmc expression in periappendageal lymphocytic cells was investigated by multi-spectrum immunohistochemistry staining.

Results

Scarring/atrophy was the most significant damage in differentiating the DLE from ACLE. Perifollicular inflammatory infiltration was present in all patients with DLE scarring alopecia (DLESA). The 5 hmc expression in the appendage and periappendageal inflammatory cells was significantxly increased in DLESA than ACLE. Similar expression pattern was seen in the staining of IFN-alpha/beta Receptor (IFNAR). The expression of 5 hmc in the appendage was positively correlated with that in the periappendageal inflammatory cells. There was an increased 5 hmc expression in lymphocytes cluster around hair follicle consisting of CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, and CD19+ cells in DLESA lesions.

Conclusion

These data demonstrate a close association of the expression pattern of 5 hmc with the histopathological characteristic distribution, and with the type I interferons (IFNs) signals in DLESA, supporting the importance of 5 hmc in the amplification of appendage damage and periappendageal inflammation, thereby offering a novel insight into the scarring damage of DLE and the heterogeneity of CLE skin lesions.
Ethnographic Hotspots of Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Urgency for Multidisciplinary Studies
Authors: Awaradi S. A.
Published: July 2022

There have been numerous recorded ethnographic observations on the aborigines of Andaman and Nicobar Islands through centuries, from medieval mariners to colonial mandarins to the modern anthropologists and administrators. Today, however, for a reason, an emphasis is laid on the urgency of multidisciplinary studies among three aboriginal tribes, namely the Jarawa, Onge, and Shompen, being the ethnographic hotspots through anthropologists in collaboration with medical experts, biologists, pharmacognosists, and linguists. The anthropologists have the key role in such combined studies because of their unique methodology of research. It is the unwaveringly long enough participant observation by anthropologists which would have scientific bearing on other co-researchers in unravelling the hard facts and revealing the verifiable norms/principles.
Psychoneuroimmunology of Meditation
Authors: Magan Dipti , Yadav Raj Kumar
Published: July 2022

Background:

Meditation is a conscious mental discipline, that has been implicated in the relaxation response. The mechanism behind such a relaxing effect is psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), based on the interaction between mind, physical health, and self-healing; that conceptualizes that stress and an individual’s emotional state led to predisposition to diseases. Research to date suggests that meditation may play an active role in remodeling the imbalance between mind and body by modulating the psychoneuroimmunological effects of stress. However, to date, the multi-dimensional psychoneuroimmune aspects of meditation together have not been completely explicated. An evidence-based mechanism has been framed for the first time in India to explain the psychoneuroimmunology of regular and long-term meditation practice.

Present evidence-based mechanism confirms prefrontal cortex (PFC) acts as a ‘Functional Connectome’ where psycho-neuro-immune aspects of meditation function simultaneously to exert positive benefits in the regulation of cognitive and emotional behavior. Also, this mechanism will help us to understand how human augmentation with lifestyle modification fosters brain plasticity to overcome various neuropsychiatric illnesses.

Key Message:

Meditation is a scientific tool against neuro-psychiatric illnesses.
Tokyo 2020 Olympics sustainability: An elusive concept or reality?
Authors: Trendafilova Sylvia , J. Ross Walker , Triantafyllidis Stavros , Pelcher Jamee
Published: July 2022

The Olympic Games continue to be a creator of adverse environmental impacts for host communities. Given the role that the Olympic Games play in sustainability due to their size, the number of people attending, new construction and infrastructure, and the extensive exposure by the media, this study investigated the Tokyo 2020 Games by evaluating the efficacy of their ecological sustainability efforts. Methods for this study were framed by the conceptual model of Müller et al. Specifically, the model is grounded on the three general aspects of sustainability: ecological, social, and economic. Compared to all Olympic events from 1992 through 2020, results from the present research indicated that Tokyo 2020 Olympics may have been the most ecologically friendly Games. This ecological record is significant, but it may be an unrealistic benchmark, given that the lack of attendance due to the COVID-19 pandemic influenced much of the ecological sustainability scores.
Trans Youth Talk Back: A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis of Transgender Minors’ Accounts of Healthcare Access
Authors: Shook Alic G. , Tordoff Diana M. , Clark April , Hardwick Robin , St. Pierre Nelson Will , Kantrowitz-Gordon Ira
Published: July 2022

Contemporary transgender youth in the U.S. today face increasing stigmatization as extraordinary legislative attacks intensify discrimination and exclusion of these young people in healthcare, recreation, and school life. These attacks reflect broader political, religious, and cultural ideologies embedded in systems of power that regulate the provision of healthcare for American transgender youth. We apply Foucauldian discourse analysis and a theory-driven conceptual framework for structural analysis of transgender health inequities—Intersectionality Research for Transgender Health Justice—to identify discourses youth encounter within healthcare practice. We analyzed data from interviews conducted in Western Washington State with youth ages 13–17 ( n =11) and asked how transgender subjectivity was constructed in their accounts and in what ways youth made use of the discursive resources available to them when navigating systems of care. Three sets of discourses—discourses of normativity, discourses of temporality, and discourse of access—characterized participants’ narratives. We discuss how participants negotiated discursively situated systems of power in order to ensure their safety and access to care.
Prevalence of keratoconus in Ghana: A hospital-based study of tertiary eye care facilities
Authors: Kobia-Acquah Emmanuel , Senanu Esther Nutifafa , Antwi-Adjei Ellen Konadu , Appiah Dora Pomaa , Kumah David Ben , Abdul-Kabir Mohammed , Donkor Richard
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To estimate the prevalence of keratoconus in tertiary eye care facilities in Ghana.

Methods and Analysis

In this hospital-based retrospective cohort study, medical records of patients from tertiary/referral eye care facilities in Ghana were reviewed. Included in the study were records of individuals who visited the eye care facilities and were diagnosed of keratoconus within the period of January 2016 to December 2019 inclusive. Data on patients’ demographics, severity of keratoconus, mode of diagnosis, treatment, and visual acuity outcomes were analysed.

Results

Out of the total of 142,209 records reviewed, 75 patients were diagnosed of keratoconus in at least one eye (127 eyes; 86.8% bilateral cases), representing a prevalence estimate of 53 per 100000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 41 to 65 per 100000). The mean ± SD age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 21.1 ± 9.5 years (66.2% males). The mean ± SD keratometry in keratoconus patients was 52.1 ± 7.0: majority (76.5%) of the cases were moderate to severe keratoconus. The main primary treatment regimen was corneal transplant (58.8%) followed by spectacles (25.0%), crosslinking (8.8%) and rigid contact lens (7.3%). There was a significant association between post-treatment visual acuity outcomes and treatment type (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our study represents the first prevalence estimate of keratoconus in Ghana. The prevalence of keratoconus estimated in our study is lower than that reported in countries with tropical climates. This could be due to lower uptake of referrals, underdiagnosis and/or misdiagnosis of the condition in lower-level health facilities.
The Role of Oxidative Status in the Pathogenesis of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma, Pseudoexfolyation Syndrome and Glaucoma
Authors: Ozkan Derya , Altan Cigdem , Er Mehmet Onur , Gultekin Fatih , Kuraş Sibel , Artunay Ozgur
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To investigate the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant system in the etiopathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation and progression of pseudoexfoliation syndrome to glaucoma.

Material and method

A total of 20 patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, 20 with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, 20 with primary open-angle glaucoma, and 20 without pseudoexfoliation and glaucoma as a control group, who underwent cataract or glaucoma surgery between December 2020 and March 2021 in the Health Sciences University Beyoğlu Eye Training and Research Hospital, 80 patients were included in the study. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure with applanation tonometry, detailed anterior and posterior segment examinations with biomicroscopy were performed in all patients included in the study. Approximately 0.1 cc of anterior chamber fluid was taken from all patients at the beginning of surgery. Total Oxidant Status (TOS) and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) levels were measured by keeping the samples taken in the deep freezer of the cornea bank at −80 degrees, transferring them with cold chain transport rules, and examining them with automatic measurement method in the laboratories of the Medical Biochemistry Department of the University of Health Sciences. Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) value was calculated to measure the degree of oxidative stress.

Results

TAS averages of the control and POAG groups were found to be statistically significantly higher than the PES and PEG groups (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001). No significant difference was observed between the other groups (p > 0.05). The TOS averages of the control and POAG groups were found to be statistically significantly lower than the PES and PEG groups (p = 0.003, p = 0.0001; p = 0.01, p = 0.001), no statistically significant difference was observed between the other groups (p > 0.05). The OSI mean of the control and POAG groups was found to be statistically significantly lower than the PES and PEG groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.0001; p = 0.002, p = 0.0001), no statistically significant difference was observed between the other groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased TOS and OSI and decreased TAS levels in the aqueous humour of patients with PES and PEG suggest that increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidative defense system play a role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease.
Predictors of Pain Reliever Misuse Among Respondents of the United States 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Authors: Matta Marissa S , Janikowski Timothy P
Published: July 2022

The risk factors for potential opioid misuse and abuse in patients receiving long-term opioid pain treatment have been a topic of interest in research for many years. There are differences among patients who receive long-term opioid pain treatment. These differences may or may not lead to opioid misuse. This study analyzes the different characteristics and predictors of prescription pain reliever misuse among respondents of the United States 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. It examines the relationships of age, gender, income, perception of risk and availability of heroin, past substance use and alcohol use, the source of the pain relievers, and motivation to misuse pain relievers to pain reliever misuse and if these variables significantly predict pain reliever misuse. Data used in this study were analyzed through sequential multiple linear regression analyses. The significant positive predictors of prescription pain reliever misuse were being 26 or older, perceiving heroin as easily obtainable, and past methamphetamine use. The significant negative predictors of prescription pain reliever misuse were being 12 to 25 years old, perceiving heroin as a great risk, past alcohol use, and obtaining pain relievers from a friend or relative. The goal of this study was to increase the amount of knowledge regarding predictors of prescription opioid misuse to identify those who are at risk and decrease prescription opioid misuse and overdose rates in the United States.
Bacterial Removal Efficiency of Moringa stenopetala and Cadaba farinosa From Surface Water: Laboratory-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tagele Haligamo Demamu , Ejeso Amanuel , Mengistie Beyene Embialle
Published: July 2022

Background:

Consumption of polluted surface waters are leading to waterborne diseases, especially in developing countries, which results in the deaths of millions of people annually around the world. Ethiopia, like the rest of developing countries, suffers a lot of water-associated health problems. Chemical disinfectants are in use to disinfect water with some drawbacks like expensiveness, unavailability, and detrimental effect on human health. Researchers are on the search for non-expensive and locally available methods, and natural plants are the ones in the study. Thus, this study is designed to test Escherichia coli (E. coli) removal efficiency of Moringa stenopetala ( M. stenopetala) and Cadaba farinosa ( C. farinosa) from surface water.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2021. A 14 L water sample was collected from Lake Hawassa. A 30, 60, and 100 mg weights of the leaf and seed powder dosages of M. stenopetala and C. farinosa at contaminant settling times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes were used. Each 1-L water sample was treated with each of the dosages. E. coli count, temperature, pH and turbidity were measured using standard methods for water and wastewater analysis. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version.23 was used for analysis. Treatment differences between plant parts and association between variables were also tested.

Result:

The result indicated that raw water samples having 18 initial E. coli colonies per 100 mL of water showed zero E. coli colonies per 100 mL of water after treatment with 30 mg dosage of M. stenopetala seed, 30 mg dosage of C. farinosa seed, and 60 mg dosage of M. stenopetala leaf after 90 minutes of settling time, but C. farinosa leaf was unable to reduce E. coli colonies to 0 per 100 mL of water. M. stenopetala leaf showed the highest turbidity reduction of 83.3% at 60 mg dosage. A pH of 7.30 and 8.50 and a temperature of 20°C to 23.5°C were recorded. There was a significant difference in E. coli removal between C. farinosa seed and leaf. Turbidity was identified as a factor that positively affects E. coli removal during M. stenopetala seed and leaf. Dosage and settling time were also identified as predictors of E. coli removal.

Conclusion:

M. stenopetala and C. farinosa have antimicrobial properties against E. coli, but only M. stenopetala showed E. coli, turbidity, and pH values within the recommended World Health Organization standards. So, we suggest M. stenopetala as a promising natural disinfectant that needs attention from organizations working on the water.
Preterm Complete Uterine Rupture With En Caul Expulsion
Authors: Eboh Stanley , Burghul Suna , Galloway Michael , Sanchez Asley , Ventolini Gary
Published: July 2022

Spontaneous uterine rupture is a catastrophic obstetric complication for both the mother and fetus. We highlight a case of a 32-year-old G2P1A0L1 Hispanic female at 36 weeks gestation who presented to the labor and delivery unit with minimal prenatal care, complaining of abdominal pains and vaginal bleeding. An abdominopelvic ultrasound confirmed an empty uterus and fetal demise in the abdominal cavity, leading to an exploratory laparotomy to evacuate the fetus. At surgery, a preterm sized fetus “en caul” with intact amnions was floating in the abdominal cavity and a hemostatic, complete rupture of the anterior uterine wall was discovered. Uterus was repaired and the patient recovered postoperatively without complications. Despite the best evidence suggesting that a history of low-transverse Cesarean section poses a low risk for spontaneous uterine rupture, this complication should always be considered and patients should be counseled regardless of the low risk should they desire a cesarean section.
Review and Practical Guidance on Managing Fungal Infections in Patients With Psoriasis Receiving Anti-IL-17 Therapies
Authors: Yeung Jensen , Bunce Paul E. , Lynde Charles W. , Turchin Irina , Vender Ronald B.
Published: July 2022

The IL-17 signalling pathway is a major target in treatment of plaque psoriasis. IL-17 signalling contributes to chronic inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia seen in psoriatic lesions. Blocking the IL-17 signalling cascade is an effective method in treating this disease. However, IL-17 also plays a role in the immunological protection against fungal infections and therefore, patients on IL-17 biologics experience an increased rate of fungal infections, specifically Candida albicans. It is prudent that patients and physicians are aware of this risk and understand how to recognize and manage Candida infections. In this review, we examine the Candida infection rates associated with IL-17 biologics, both in clinical trials and real-world practice. We discuss common presentations associated with various types of candidiasis and propose a recommended management approach to treating these infections.
The use of diaries in psychological research: The creative and dialogical intimacy of self-other-world relationships in the context of cultural mutations
Authors: Pinheiro Marina Assis , Barros Clarissa Dubeux , Mélo Roberta
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses the potential for accessing the intersubjective psychic dynamics that the use of oral diaries about everyday life can offer to Psychology, from an ideographic, cultural, and qualitative perspective. Based on the authors’ experience with this research activity mediated by instant messaging applications, we argue about the singularity produced by such a field of elaboration of meanings regarding the affective, ambiguous and potentially creative and authorial face of such enunciations. The use of this research instrument took place during critical periods of the COVID-19 pandemic, a historical moment marked by a profound decentering of forms of life, which was the driving force behind significant cultural mutations both in the personal and collective spheres. We propose that the instrument provided interpretative access to three fundamental records of experience, namely: corporeality, temporality, and the meaning-making process.