bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Project training of engineers for the benefit of sustainable development
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Vasilyeva Valentina D.
Published: October 2023

Education as the main driver of sustainable development is recognized as the motto for the forthcoming evolution of civilization. All over the world, there is an intensive search for new models of the 21st century education, engineering education in particular, that could meet the needs of the present and future generations, aimed at preserving the natural environment and resources necessary for sustaining human life. The article outlines the optimal contours for a new concept of sustainable development, which will be introduced into education in the near future. The modern content of the project training for future engineers is considered, the absence of interdisciplinary engineering project training in educational programs of various levels is noted: the case of Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU). According to the author, at the present time there are big changes in the educational programs of engineering training, and the return of engineering project training to academic interdisciplinary is in demand. In addition, interdisciplinary course/final degree projects should provide for a comprehensive socio-humanitarian expert examination of engineering design solutions, initiating students to acquire experience in environmentally and anthropologically oriented engineering and design activities that meet the needs of the time.
Methodological possibilities of the laboratory workshop
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Babenko Svetlana P. , Bad’in Andrey V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: October 2023

The questions of distribution of material studied in the course of general physics by types of training sessions (lectures, seminars and laboratory works) are considered. The subject of physics is discussed, as well as the basic concepts that reveal it. Definitions of physical quantities, physical laws and their evolutionary character are discussed. The main objectives of physics are formulated, and the role of methodological principles in shaping our knowledge of nature is noted. It is pointed out that the historical lecture course for modern students is the first serious experience with the subject of physics. The reasons why it is necessary to conduct laboratory workshop are explained. The methods of laboratory workshop are formulated. It is shown that laboratory workshops contribute to the development of cognitive processes and formation of general erudition of students, deepen and expand their knowledge, which facilitates the choice of professional orientation. An example of laboratory work is described, for which the ways of realizing such merits are discussed in detail.
Optimization of the media model of students’ patriotic education at the university: Sociolinguistic aspect
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Olizko Nataliia S. , Khomutnikova Elena A. ,   Kurgan State University
Published: October 2023

The research is carried out from sociolinguistics perspective and is aimed at development of an integrated approach to improving the effectiveness of patriotic education at universities. The project was carried out by research groups of Chelyabinsk and Kurgan State Universities, including a complex of studies conducted at theoretical and experimental levels. The experimental part included a survey of 360 students conducted in order to determine the most effective ways to optimize the university media product aimed at forming an objective idea of patriotism as a significant state value. Based on the results of the study, the authors proposed a step-by-step methodology for implementing a patriotic media project in the university media environment. Recommendations for development of media environment in which patriotism is viewed as a significant state and individual value is broadcast are presented from the standpoint of sociology, pedagogy and linguistics.
Brasil
Authors: Dominique Antoine , Baptiste Marc Donald Jean , Amaral Wagner Roberto do
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e analisar os motivos da saída dos imigrantes haitianos no Brasil para os Estados Unidos ou Canadá. Trata-se de um artigo qualitativo, construído por meio de três procedimentos metodológicos: revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa possibilitou entender que os motivos da saída dos haitianos no Brasil estão ligados às suas condições socioeconômicas precárias, que impactam nas suas capacidades financeiras para transferir dinheiro para o Haiti, sendo esta uma garantia de manter sua condição de transmigrante, bem como aspectos culturais do sentido de diáspora no Haiti.
Migrantes indígenas em Tinguá (Nova Iguaçu – RJ)
Authors: Silva Priscila de Alantino Braz
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de observar a trajetória de uma família Warao, de aproximadamente 38 pessoas que residem em Tinguá (Nova Iguaçu – Município da região metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), que vive uma relação complicada com os órgãos públicos de acolhimento. Tem como metodologia revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas e observação participante, afim de perceber, através da ótica decolonial, como esta relação perpassa a noção de construção e manutenção de conhecimento, além de pensar possíveis estratégias para melhor inserção de imigrantes e refugiados na sociedade de acolhida.
Entre gritos reprimidos e pés sobre a mata
Authors: Chambe Zacarias Milisse
Published: October 2023

Este artigo explora narrativas sobre como a guerra iniciada em Outubro de 2017, no extremo Norte da província de Cabo Delgado, em Moçambique, por um grupo armado localmente reconhecido por mashababos, impera não só a violência física contra populações das regiões conflagradas, mas também as outras formas [de violência], desde simbólicas a psicológicas, através de repressões e silenciamentos da manifesta vontade das vítimas de falar sobre os seus traumas. Amparado por uma etnografia realizada entre 2018 e 2021 em Nacaca, num centro construído para abrigar os deslocados de guerra, a tese central deste artigo é de que os deslocamentos forçados impostos contra as vítimas do conflito em análise, se interseccionam não só ao seu exercício de memória no querer contar as suas experiências vivenciadas sobre a guerra, mas também aos traumas que se criam pelas formas de silenciamentos impostos por diversos actores que perpassam aos seus novos espaços de refúgio.
A questão nacional em José Martí, Julio Antonio Mella e Fidel Castro
Authors: Marquezine Igor
Published: October 2023

Este artigo percorre a questão nacional na história do pensamento político cubano do século XIX ao XX, analisando como fontes primárias textos e discursos de José Martí, Julio Antonio Mella e Fidel Castro. O objetivo é compreender como a ideia de nação atravessou a atuação política desses atores em seus contextos históricos imediatos, reconstruindo continuidades e descontinuidades entre eles. Conclui-se que a trajetória do pensamento cubano envolveu a reelaboração da questão nacional numa síntese político-ideológica com o socialismo: o castrismo.
Reseña de Estamos Tarde: Una memoria para recobrar la educación en el Perú
Authors: Muñoz Guevara Liliana Aidee
Published: October 2023

.
PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and kidney dysfunction: an association beyond nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Targher Giovanni
Published: October 2023

This commentary is primarily devoted to a recent observational study by Mantovani and colleagues (Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2023; 57: 1093-102) examining the adverse effect of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein-3 (PNPLA3 ) rs738409 G allele on the kidney function in a cohort of 1,144 middle-aged Italian individuals with metabolic dysfunction. In this study, the authors found that the PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele was significantly associated with lower levels of estimated glomerular filtrate rate (eGFR), even after adjusting for not only common anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk factors but also ethnicity, serum liver enzymes, use of drugs against dyslipidemia and chronic kidney disease polygenic risk score. Additionally, in a subgroup of 144 patients followed for a median of 17 months, the authors also found that the PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele was independently associated with a faster eGFR decline. Commenting on the cohort study by Mantovani et al ., we also summarized the rapidly expanding evidence linking the PNPLA3 rs738409 variant with the risk of kidney disease. Furthermore, we discussed the potential research implications of these findings.
Polarization in the USA and Its Impact on Arms Supply to Ukraine
Authors: Rozhkov A.
Published: October 2023

Deliveries of American weapons to Ukraine lead to an aggravation of tension between Russia and the United States. The uncontrolled use of defense products by Ukrainians threatens not only with the curtailment of previous agreements, but also with a high risk of a collision between the world’s leading nuclear powers. The U.S. Congress could require increased accountability for the use of weapons through the use of arms export control laws (H.R.13680, Leahy Law, S.3394). Nevertheless, under the conditions of polarization, the parties of Republicans and Democrats cannot agree even on issues of strategic importance. As shown in the article, from the very beginning of the conflict in the South-East of Ukraine in 2014, both parties have been actively supporting the supply of lethal weapons to Kyiv. Politicians reacted negatively to any attempt to reduce military aid or slow down its export. For this reason, they repeatedly made mutual accusations, accusing their colleagues of unwillingness to provide military support to Ukraine. The most striking episode of the impact of polarization on the problem of arms exports was the scandal with the alleged pressure of the U.S. President D. Trump on the Ukrainian leader V. A. Zelenskii, when the head of the White House was suspected of trying to diminish the former Vice-President J. Biden. Despite the failed impeachment attempt by the Democrats, D. Trump was forced to resume the supply of lethal weapons to Kyiv. The influence of polarization continued later, when conservative Republicans in the House of Representatives and the Senate spoke out against arms sales. In the article, it is shown that despite the attempts of individual politicians, the United States is unlikely to be able to increase control over the supply of weapons, since such a step will be perceived critically by the opposite side.
Supply Chain Transformation amid a Global Crisis
Authors: Brodetskiy G. , Gerami V. , Gusev D. , Kolik A.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the process of transformation of international supply chains in a crisis caused by the overlapping of three powerful negative factors: the consequences of the financial and economic crisis of 2008, of the COVID-19 pandemic and of economic sanctions against the Russian Federation. The authors point out that the destabilizing effect of the crisis primarily affected the functioning of the global supply chain system, one of the main components of the world economy. Under the current conditions, the normal functioning of supply chains is disrupted or is becoming nearly impossible due to disruptions in transport and commodity flows, denials of service, unpredictable delays, significant fluctuations in prices for goods and services, etc. The article emphasizes that the system of criteria and the basic principles of supply chain management, which have been established over decades of relatively stable development, are currently ineffective or completely inapplicable and need to be substantially adjusted. The theoretical recommendations identified by the authors are compared with the results of their survey of 240 Russian companies representing industry, distribution of goods, retail, logistics services and other segments. The survey made it possible to identify both the main negative factors affecting the supply chains and the most significant course of action for Russian business in order to reconfigure the import in crisis conditions. Based on the available theoretical and empirical data, the authors make an assumption about the new characteristics of international supply chains that they will acquire in the foreseeable future, both in terms of the general ideology of management and operation, and in terms of operational decisions.
Divided Societies: the Ecological Dimension
Authors: Khaynatskaya T.
Published: October 2023

The environmental crisis has become a major global challenge, prompting political action and initiatives at various levels. However, the development and implementation of green policies reveal problems that lie beyond their agenda. Contradictions arising from divergent interests and priorities of different stakeholders affect the outcomes of ongoing transformations and contribute to the polarization of society. This study examines the environmental dimension through the prism of socio-political divisions. The author examines the key factors contributing to such divisions in modern societies (mainly based on the example of the European Union), including differences in socio-economic status, values and geographical characteristics of their constituents. Based on the study of the ‘green’ political trend, the conclusion was made about the ‘ambiguity’ of the promoted model of transformation and differences in its perception by different social groups. The results of the study show that socio-political divisions caused by the EU environmental policy manifest in the form of worldview conflicts, disagreements over the prioritization of environmental issues and tensions between different levels of eco-governance. The dichotomy of ‘fairness-unfairness’ has become acute both in the international dimension and within nation-states. These contradictions largely characterize the gap between the interests of individual states and supranational environmental goals, making it difficult to develop effective practical policies. The main divisions are along geographical, age, gender and value axes. At the same time, the presence of certain configurations of divisions contributes to maintaining a balance in the environmental agenda and maneuvering between extremes – full and sharp ‘green’ transformation with unpredictable consequences for social and economic development and inaction with predictable negative consequences. The assessment of the conflict and consolidation potentials of environmental divisions and their correlations is important for understanding the opportunities and limitations of the EU ‘green course’ implementation.
Solitonlike Coherent Structure Is a Universal Motion Form of Viscous Fluid
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: October 2023

The identification of solitonlike coherent structure (SCS) in boundary layer flows is crucial for understanding turbulence origins and in particular for laminar-turbulence transition. However, the task of finding solutions for solitonlike coherent structure from the Navier-Stokes equations poses a significant challenge. In this paper, based on the author's previous work [Sun (2023) in Ref.31], we are able to study convergent flow boundary layers, whose solution encompasses both shock wave and solitary wave solutions, and their superposition gives rise to solitary-like waves, namely solitonlike coherent structure. It is found that the solitonlike coherent structure can only be obtained by combining the Navier-Stokes equations and mass conservation, since the combined equations will have the third order derivatives respect to coordinate $x$, in other words, without the mass conservation condition, the Navier-Stokes equations does not contain solitonlike coherent structure by itself. Finally proved solitonlike coherent structure is a universal motion form of viscous fluid.
MethylRAD-Seq Technology Reveals DNA Methylation Charac-Teristics of Apostichopus japonicus of Different Ages
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Han Lingshu , Ye Qi , Wang Hao , Zhang Jinyuan , Wang Wenpei , Xiao HaoRan , Wang Yongjie , Wang Luo , Ding Jun
Published: October 2023

The A. japonicus industry has expanded significantly, but no research has focused on how to de-termine the age of A. japonicus during farming. Correctly estimating the age of A. japonicus can provide a decision-making basis for the breeding process, and data for the protection of A. japonicus aquatic germplasm resources. DNA methylation levels in the body wall of Apostichopus japonicus at 4 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years old were determined by MethylRAD-Seq, and differentially methylated genes related to age were screened. The results of the study found that 441 and 966 differentially methylated genes were detected at CCGG and CCWGG sites, respectively. As-partate aminotransferase, succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, the histone H2AX, heat shock protein Hsp90, aminopeptidase N, cell division cycle CDC6, Ras GTPase activating protein (RasGAP), slit guidance ligand slit 1, integrin linked kinase ILK, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mtor, protein kinase A Pka, and autophagy-related 3 atg3 these genes may play key roles in the growth and aging process of A. japonicus. This study provided data for identifying the age of A. japonicus.
Clinical Trial Registration and Reporting in China and the United States: Legal and Regulatory Frameworks, Compliance and Enforcement
Authors: Chen Yixuan , Walters Janie , Bruckner Till
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives: Clinical trials are a critical step in the development of new medicines and medical devices, testing the efficacy and safety of new treatment regimens. However, if the results of clinical trials are not made public, the evidence base on interventions is incomplete and possibly distorted, which lead to suboptimal treatment choices and negatively affect public health. This study analyses and contrasts the laws and regulations governing clinical trial registration and reporting in China and the United States. Methods: We used desk research to compile, assess and compare current laws, regulations, compliance patterns, and enforcement mechanisms and actions in China and the United States (U.S.). Policy documents were downloaded from Chinese and U.S. government websites. A spreadsheet analysis was utilized for direct comparison. Results: Both China and the U.S. have laws and regulations governing clinical trial registration and reporting. Chinese legislation covers a broader range of trials. In the U.S. trial results must be disclosed to both the national regulator and the public, while Chinese law mandates disclosure to the regulator alone. Cross-country comparisons of regulatory compliance by trial sponsors are impossible due to the opacity of the Chinese data platform. Neither country effectively ensures that all clinical trial results are made public as required by the Declaration of Helsinki and recommended by the WHO. Interpretation: While neither country is perfect, both may be able to learn from each other. There is a major gap in the literature regarding the extent of non-publication of clinical trial results by sponsors operating in China.
Unveiling the Diagenetic and Mineralogical Impact on the Carbonate Formation of the Indus Basin, Pakistan: Implications for Reservoir Characterization and Quality Assessment
Authors: Memon Faisal Hussain , Tunio Abdul Haque , Memon Khalil Rehman , Mahesar Aftab Ahmed , Abbas Ghulam
Published: October 2023

The Chiltan Formation is a potential hydrocarbon-producing reservoir in the Indus Basin, Pakistan. However, its diagenetic alterations and heterogeneous behavior lead to significant challenges in accurately characterizing the reservoir and production performance. This manuscript aims to utilize Chiltan Limestone core samples to conduct a detailed analysis of the diagenetic impacts on reservoir quality. The formation evaluation was carried out through thin section analysis, SEM-EDS and FTIR investigation, as well as plug porosity and permeability measurements under different stress conditions. In results, Petrography revealed three microfacies with distinct diagenetic features and micro-nano fossil assemblages, including intraclasts, pelloids, bioclasts, and stylolites. Diagenesis has a significant impact on petrophysical properties, leading to increased reservoir heterogeneity. The specified depositional environment exposed the alteration of the Chiltan formation during distinct diagenetic phases in marine, meteoric, and burial settings. Pore morphology and mineralogy reveals complex micro-pore structure with various carbonate mineral phases and cement types in the formation samples. The average porosity and permeability of the core samples were found to be 3.4% and 0.449 mD respectively, indicating poor reservoir quality. Stress sensitivity was determined using Klinkenberg corrected permeability, which indicated a reduction in measured and absolute permeability due to increasing confining stress, further reducing the pore throat structure of the formation. In conclusion, the Chiltan formation possesses intricate reservoir heterogeneity and varied micro-pore structure caused by diagenesis and depositional settings. The formation is classified as a low-quality reservoir due to its non-uniform pore geometry, which exhibits low petrophysical properties resulting from overburden stress. The results of this study provide solid foundation in reservoir characterization and quality assessment which has implications for exploring and exploitation of indigenous resources.
Contour Gauge: Introduction to Theory and Applications in a Nutshell
Authors: Anikin Igor V.
Published: October 2023

We review the main features of the non-local gauge, named the contour gauge. The contour gauge belongs to the axial type of gauges and extends the local gauge used in the most of approaches. The geometry of gluon fields and the path-dependent formalism are the essential tools for the description of non-local gauges. The principle feature of the contour gauge is that there are no the residual gauges which are left in the finite domain of space. In the review, we present the useful correspondence between the contour gauge conception and the Hamiltonian (Lagrangian) formalism. The Hamiltonian formalism is turned out to be a very convenient framework for the understanding of contour gauges. The comprehensive comparison analysis of the local and non-local gauges advocates the advantage of the contour gauge use. As an example of practical worth, we consider the Drell-Yan process and discuss the gauge invariance of the corresponding hadron tensor. We show that the appropriate use the contour gauge leads to the existence of extra diagram contributions. These additional contributions, first, restore the gauge invariance of the hadron tensor and, second, give the important terms for the observable quantities. We also demonstrate the significant role of the additional diagrams to form the relevant contour in the Wilson path-ordered exponential. Ultimately, it leads to the spurious singularity fixing. Moreover, in the present review, we discuss in detail the problem of spin and orbital angular momentum separation. We show that in SU(3) gauge theories the gluon decomposition on the physical and pure gauge components has a strong mathematical evidence provided the contour gauge conception has been used. In addition, we prove that the contour gauge possesses the special kind of residual gauge that manifests at the boundary of space. Besides, the boundary field configurations can be associated with the pure gauge fields.
Two Cases of Vancomycin-induced Neutropenia and Summary of Reported Literature
Authors: Ganaja Kirsten , Scoular Sarah , Hemmer Staci
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: The incidence of vancomycin-induced neutropenia in hospitalized patients is estimated to be around 2 to 8 percent [1,2]. Data surrounding vancomycin-induced neutropenia is limited as it is based on a small number of observational case reports. Additionally, it is difficult to provide generalized conclusions since patient characteristics and indications for treatment vary between reports. (2) Case Reports: We present two cases of vancomycin-induced neutropenia that occurred at our facility; a 50-year-old male who developed neutropenia after treatment with vancomycin for a gluteal abscess and a 51-year-old female who developed neutropenia after treatment with vancomycin for lumbar osteomyelitis. In both cases, neutropenia resolved within 2 days of discontinuation of vancomycin. (3) Conclusion: The risk of developing neutropenia increases with age, prolonged drug exposure, decreased renal clearance, and in those of female sex. Treatment involves discontinuation of vancomycin with or without administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Additional studies are needed to better understand the true incidence of this adverse drug reaction and to identify risk factors that may predispose patients to vancomycin-induced neutropenia.
Effects of Acute Cannabidiol on Behavior and the Endocannabinoid System in HIV-1 Tat Transgenic Female and Male Mice
Authors: Yadav-Samudrala Barkha J. , Gorman Benjamin L. , Barmada Karenna M. , Ravula Havilah P. , Huguely Caitlin J. , Wallace Diane , Peace Michelle R. , Poklis Justin L. , Jiang Wei , Fitting Sylvia
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: Some evidence suggests that cannabidiol (CBD) has potential to help alleviate HIV symptoms due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here we examined acute CBD effects on various behaviors and the endocannabinoid system in HIV Tat transgenic mice. (2) Methods: Tat transgenic mice (female/male) were injected with CBD (3,10,30 mg/kg) and assessed for antinociception, activity, coordination, anxiety, and recognition memory. Brains were taken to quantify endocannabinoids and related lipids. Additionally, CBD and metabolite 7-hydroxy-CBD were quantified in the plasma and cortex. (3) Results: Tat decreased striatal-related nociception and locomotion, with some sex-dependent effects on coordination. CBD had no effect on nociception and coordination, but increased locomotor activity. For anxiety, differential CBD effects were noted for sex, with decreasing anxiety-like behavior in males only. In the striatum and spinal cord, male sex was associated with lower 2-arachidonoylglycerol and with elevated concentrations of its proinflammatory metabolite arachidonic acid. CBD metabolism was altered by sex and Tat. (4) Conclusion: Findings indicate that acute CBD effects are not altered by HIV Tat, and CBD has minimal effects on behavior and the endocannabinoid system. Interestingly, sex-dependent alterations were noted for endocannabinoids and related lipids, which may be of relevance in view of potential CBD-based treatment options for people living with HIV.
Multidisciplinary Aproach: A Goal For The Management Of Complications In Systemic Scleroderma. Literature Review And Case Scenario
Authors: Pătrîntașu Dariana-Elena , Sárközi Hédi Katalin , Lupușor Eugeniu , Vlangăr Irina Elena , Rotariu Gheorghe-Marian , Rența Ionuț-Alexandru , Nan Anda-Nicoleta , Budin Corina Eugenia
Published: October 2023

Systemic sclerosis (also known as scleroderma) is a chronic fibrosing autoimmune disease with both skin and multisystem organ involvement. Scleroderma has the highest mortality among all rheumatic diseases. The pathophysiology mechanism of systemic sclerosis is a progressive self-amplifying process, which implicates the widespread microvascular damage, followed by a dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity and inflammation, and diffuse fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. Fibrosis of internal organs is a hint for systemic sclerosis, moreover associated with interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is a complex process. We report a case of a 56 years old female, diagnosed with Systemic Sclerosis 16 years ago. The systemic and clinical manifestations, respiratory functional tests, radiological aspects and specific therapy were discussed.
How Possible Is the Elimination of Viral Hepatitis? An Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease from Hepatitis B and C, 1990–2019
Authors: Alvis-Guzman Nelson , Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J. , De la Hoz Restrepo Fernando
Published: October 2023

This study assesses the feasibility of hepatitis B and C elimination, using an analysis of trends of epidemiology data (1990-2019) from the global burden of disease. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify significant changing points in trends of Age-standardizes Prevalence Rate (ASPR) and Age-standardizes Mortality Rate (ASMR) and to estimate the annual percentage changes (APC) and the average annual percentage changes (AAPC) for the period. Sociodemographic Index (SDI) was used to analyze trends between countries. The total percentage change of the ASPR (2019/1990) was -31.4% and -12.8% for HBV and HCV worldwide respectively, the rate ratio (HBV/HCV) was 2.5. Mortality has decreased for HBV but not for HCV. The total percentage change for the ASMR (2019/1990) was -26.7% and 10.0%, for HBV and HCV respectively. While ASMR of HBV decreased, HCV increased during this period. The percentage change in ASMR of HBV was highest in countries with high-middle SDI and lowest in countries with high SDI. For HCV, the percentage change in ASMR was highest in countries with High SDI (increase) and only in countries with low SDI decreased. The global HBV and HCV rates have fallen with different AAPC associated with the SDI. Despite the advances, there is still a long way forward to achieve the 2030 elimination goals. An important challenge is related to finding a way to speed up the yearly rate at which the decline is happening.
Synthetic 3D Spinal Vertebrae Reconstruction from Biplanar X-rays Utilizing Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Saravi Babak , Guzel Hamza Eren , Zink Alisia , Ülkümen Sara , Couillard-Despres Sebastien , Wollborn Jakob , Lang Gernot Michael , Hassel Frank
Published: October 2023

Computed tomography (CT) offers detailed insights into the internal anatomy of patients, partic-ularly for spinal vertebrae examination. However, CT scans are associated with higher radiation exposure and cost compared to conventional X-ray imaging. In this study, we applied a Genera-tive Adversarial Network (GAN) framework to reconstruct 3D spinal vertebrae structures from synthetic biplanar X-ray images, specifically focusing on anterior and lateral views. The synthetic X-ray images were generated using the DRRGenerator module in 3D Slicer, by incorporating segmentations of spinal vertebrae in CT scans for the region of interest focussing. The approach leverages a novel feature fusion technique based on X2CT-GAN to combine information from both views and employs a combination of Mean Squared Error (MSE) loss and adversarial loss to train the generator, resulting in high-quality synthetic 3D spinal vertebrae CTs. A total of n=440 CT data were processed. We evaluated the performance of our model using multiple metrics, in-cluding Mean Absolute Error (MAE) (for each slice of the 3D volume [MAE0] and for the entire 3D volume [MAE]), Cosine Similarity, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), 3D Peak Sig-nal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR-3D), and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). The average PSNR was 28.394 dB, PSNR-3D was 27.432, SSIM was 0.468, cosine similarity was 0.484, MAE0 was 0.034, and MAE was 85.359. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the approach in reconstruct-ing 3D spinal vertebrae structures from biplanar X-rays, although some limitations in accurately capturing the fine bone structures and maintaining the precise morphology of the vertebrae were present. This technique has the potential to enhance the diagnostic capabilities of low-cost X-ray machines while reducing radiation exposure and cost associated with CT scans, paving the way for future applications in spinal imaging and diagnosis.
A Proposal for a Consolidated Structural Model of the CagY Protein of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: López-Luis Mario Angel , Soriano-Pérez Eva Elda , Parada-Fabián José Carlos , Maldonado-Rodríguez Rogelio , Torres Javier , Méndez-Tenorio Alfonso
Published: October 2023

CagY is the largest and most complex protein from Helicobacter pylori's type IV secretion system (T4SS) and may participate in the modulation of gastric tissue inflammation. A three-dimensional structure has been reported for only two segments of the protein. To build a more complete model, particularly the region that spans between the outer membrane (OM) and the inner membrane (IM), we employed different approaches, including homology modeling, ab initio, and deep learning techniques. For the long-middle repeat region (MRR), modeling was performed using deep learning techniques and Molecular Dynamics. The modeled segments were assembled into a chain of 1595 aa, and a 14-chain CagY multimer structure was composed by structural alignment. The final multimer structure correlated with previously published struc-tures and allows to show how the multimer may form the T4SS channel through which CagA and other molecules are translocated to gastric epithelial cells. The model further confirmed that MRR, the most polymorphic and complex region of CagY, presents numerous cysteine residues forming disulfide bonds that stabilize the protein and suggest this domain probably functions as a contractile region that may play an essential role in the modulatory activity of CagY on tissue inflammation.
Comparative Analysis of VOC Purification Techniques in Complex Cooking Emissions: Adsorption, Photocatalysis and Combined Systems
Authors: Zatta Daniele , Segata Mattia , Biasioli Franco , Allegretti Ottaviano , Bochicchio Giovanna , Verucchi Roberto , Chiavarini Francesco , Cappellin Luca
Published: October 2023

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are molecules present in our everyday life, and they can be positive, such as in the formation of odour and food flavour, or harmful for environment and humans, and the research is focusing on limiting their emissions. Various methods have been used to achieve this purpose. Firstly, we review three main degradation methods: activated carbon, photocatalysis and a synergetic system. We provide a general overview of the operative conditions and report the possibility of VOC abatement during cooking. Within the literature, none of these systems has ever been tested in presence of complex matrices, such as during a cooking process. The aim of this study is to compare the three methods in order to understand the behaviour of filter systems in the case of realistically complex gas mixtures. Proton Transfer Reaction - mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) has been used as real-time monitoring of volatilome. Since VOC emissions are highly dependent on the composition of the food cooked, we evaluated the degradation capacity of the three systems for different burger types (meat, greens and fish). We demonstrate pros and cons of the photocatalysis and adsorption and how a combined approach can mitigate the drawbacks of photocatalysis.
Green Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Recent Applications
Authors: Abuzeid Hanaa M , Julien Christian M , Zhu Likun , Hashem Ahmed M.
Published: October 2023

Green synthesis offers a superior alternative to traditional methods for producing metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. This approach is not only benign and safe but also cost-effective, scalable, and straightforward, operating under ambient conditions. Notable metals and metal oxide nanoparticles, such as manganese oxides, iron oxides, silver, and gold, have been produced using various bio-reductants derived from plant extracts. These biological agents not only expedite the reduction process but also stabilize the nanoparticles, serving dual roles as reducing and capping agents. This review presents the green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) obtained from biogenic wastes and plant extracts. The green-synthesized nanostructured MnO2 are evaluated as a potential photocatalyst for water treatment and as an electrode material in lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The green-derived iron oxide nanoparticles are examined as promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic agents. Additionally, this review discusses the green synthesis of precious metal nanoparticles, specifically silver (Ag NPs) and gold (Au NPs), highlighting their potential medical applications in areas like antiviral treatments and cancer therapy.
Studying Characteristics of Natural Bitumen of Oil Sand with Comparison Heavy Crude Oil
Authors: Tileuberdi Yerbol , Ongarbayev Yerdos , Imanbayev Yerzhan , Ismailova Akmaral , Yermekova Ainur , Zhanbekov Khairulla , Seilkhan Ainur , Mansurov Zulkhair
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the main characteristics of the natural bitumen of the Munaily-Mola oil sands were studied with comparison crude oil of Karazhanbas oil field. During the experiment, the density, heating value, ash content and elemental composition of natural bitumen were determined, and these parameters were compared with the properties of Karazhanbas crude oil. As well as oil, resin and asphaltene fractions of both hydrocarbons were separated and each of them were analyzed at a Fourier transform IR-spectroscopy Spectrum-65 with 450-4000 cm−1 range. According to these indicators, it is concluded that natural bitumen is a heavy hydrocarbon raw material with highly resin-asphaltene compounds. Like Karazhanbas oil, natural bitumen can be used as a raw material for various petrochemical products. By finding ways of effective processing of natural bitumen, it can be used in useful areas of the national economy.
Viruses and Cajal Bodies: A Critical Cellular Target in Virus Infection?
Authors: Lettin Lucy , Erbay Bilgi , Blair George Eric
Published: October 2023

Nuclear bodies (NBs) are dynamic structures present in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They are not bounded by membranes and are often considered biomolecular condensates, defined structurally and functionally by the localisation of core components. Nuclear architecture can be reorganised during normal cellular processes such as the cell cycle as well as in response to cellular stress. Many plant and animal viruses target their proteins to NBs, in some cases triggering their structural disruption and redistribution. Although not all such interactions have been well characterised, subversion of NBs and their functions may form a key part of the life cycle of eukaryotic viruses that require the nucleus for their replication. This review will focus on Cajal bodies (CBs) and the viruses that target them. Since CBs are dynamic structures, other NBs (principally nucleoli and promyelocytic leukaemia, PML, bodies), whose components interact with CBs, will also be considered. As well as providing important insights into key virus: host cell interactions, studies on Cajal and associated NBs may identify novel cellular targets for development of anti-viral compounds.
Securing the construction workers’ data security and privacy with blockchain technology
Authors: Saah Alvina Ekua Ntefua , Yee Jurng-Jae , Choi Jae-ho
Published: October 2023

The construction industry, characterized by its intricate network of stakeholders and diverse workforce, grapples with the challenge of managing information effectively. This study delves into this issue, recognizing the universal importance of safeguarding data, particularly amid rising concerns of unauthorized access and breaches. Aiming to harness the potential of blockchain technology to address these challenges, this study used a hypothetical biographical and safety data of construction workers and securely stored on a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain. Developed within the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud platform, this blockchain infrastructure emerged as a robust solution for enhancing data security and privacy. Anchored in the core principles of data security, the model emerges as a potent defender against the vulnerabilities of traditional data management systems. Beyond its immediate implications, this study exemplifies the marriage of blockchain technology and the construction sector, potentially reshaping workforce management, especially in high-risk projects, optimizing risk assessment, resource allocation, and safety measures to mitigate work-related injuries. Practical validation through transaction testing using Hyperledger Explorer validates the model's feasibility and operational effectiveness, serving as a blueprint for the industry's data management. Ultimately, this research not only showcases the promise of blockchain technology in addressing construction data security challenges but also underscores its practical applicability through comprehensive testing, heralding a new era of data management that harmonizes security and efficiency for stakeholders' benefit.
Monitoring Coastal Waves with ICESat-2
Authors: Dietrich James T. , Magruder Lori A. , Holwill Matthew
Published: October 2023

The coastal zone faces an ever-growing risk associated with climate-driven change, including sea level rise and increased frequency of extreme natural hazards. Coastal processes are governed by the dynamic ocean and atmospheric factors with constantly changing conditions. Often the location and dynamism of coastal regions makes them a formidable environment to adequately study with in-situ methods. Remote sensing methods offer an alternative to in-situ monitoring. In this study we use Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) to make measurements of basic wave parameters and wave directionality in the Hawaiian Islands and North Carolina, USA. ICESat-2 has existing Level-3a data products, Ocean Surface Height (ATL12) and Inland Water Elevation (ATL13), providing some wave and ocean surface elevation data. ATL12 provides sparse global average measurements of the sea surface elevation, slope, and roughness along ICESat-2 tracks and ATL13 provides wave metrics at variable length scales out to ~7 km from the coast and does not maintain the 0.7m along-track resolution of the primary Level-2 data product (ATL03). Our goal was to leverage the full resolution data available in ATL03 to generate wave metrics out from shore up to ~25 km. Using a combination of statistical and signal processing methods we can use ICESat-2 to generate basic wave metrics, including significant wave heights with an accuracy of ±0.5m. In some profiles we can identify wave shoaling, which could be used to infer bathymetry. In areas with complex wave dynamics, the nature of how ICESat-2 measures elevations (parallel laser altimetry beams) can make extracting some wave parameters (e.g., wavelength and directionality) more challenging. These wave metrics can provide important data in support of validating wave and tidal models and may also prove useful in ICESat-2 bathymetric corrections and satellite derived bathymetry.
Arabidopsis Root Development is Regulated by the Endogenous Folate Precursor, Para-Aminobenzoic Acid, Through Modulation of the Root Cell Cycle
Authors: Lasok Hanna , Nziengui Hugues , Kochersperger Philip , Ditengou Franck Anicet
Published: October 2023

The continuous growth of roots depends on their ability to maintain a balanced ratio between cell production and cell differentiation at the tip. This process was reported to be regulated by the hormonal balance of cytokinin and auxin. However, other important regulators, such as plant folates, have also been reported to play a regulatory role. In this study, we investigated the impact of the folate precursor PABA on root development. Using pharmacological, genetic, and imaging approaches, we show that the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana roots is repressed by either supplementing the growth medium with PABA or overexpressing the PABA synthesis gene GAT-ADCS. This is associated with a smaller root meristem size, which consists of fewer cells. Conversely, reducing the levels of free root endogenous PABA results in longer roots with extended meristems and increased cell numbers. We provide evidence that PABA represses Arabidopsis root growth in a folate-independent manner and likely acts through two mechanisms: (i) the G2/M transition of cell division in the root apical meristem and (ii) promoting premature cell differentiation in the transition zone. These data collectively suggest that PABA plays a role in Arabidopsis root growth at the point where cell division and cell differentiation intersect.
Method for refining publication activity indicators
Authors: Kozitsin Alexander Serggevich , Afonin Sergey Alexandrovich , Shachnev Dmitry Alexeevich
Published: October 2023

One way to evaluate the scientific activity of a scientist is to calculate various indicators based on the number of his publications and their citation. In this case, each co-author of the publication receives the same number of points for it. A similar ranking method leads to an artificial increase in the number of co-authors in our publications. This leads to a distortion of ratings, and to a significant decrease in the quality of thematic search. The method presented in the paper allows us to evaluate the contribution of the author to his published works. Approbation of the method was done on the data of the scientometric system IAS ISTINA.
Professional Russian-language search is 25 years old
Authors: Polak Yuri Еvgenievich
Published: October 2023

The paper is devoted to the analysis of history and current state of Yandex, the largest Russian IT company. This period, according to Soviet tradition, is divided into five 5-year segments. Yandex’s progressive development was interrupted last year. Top managers became subjected to unreasonable sanctions, many services and projects were blocked. The paper describes the actions of the leadership in the current conditions. Data from the latest financial report are presented, indicating the successful overcoming of difficulties.
Visualization of argumentation by software
Authors: Baimuratov Ildar Raisovich , Lisanyuk Elena Nikolaevna , Prokudin Dmitry Evgenievich
Published: October 2023

The representation of argumentation is based on various forms of structured and non-structured presentation of arguments. Among them, graphic ones deserve special attention, since they are more expressive and, in addition to practical application, can be used for methodological purposes when teaching argumentation. With the development of information and communication technologies, since the mid-noughties of the XXI century, software has been developed designed to represent argumentation and evidence-based reasoning. Since the middle of the XX century, within the framework of research conducted by argumentation theorists, theoretical approaches to the representation of argumentation have been developed, which form the basis of the representation of argumentation by means of software. The graphical capabilities of modern hardware and software are used for visual representation of argumentation. This study examines the possibilities of existing software for visualizing argumentation. The connection of visualization with the theoretical foundations of the representation of argumentation is analyzed, its features are revealed.
Analysis of spatiotemporal variability of the coefficients of the stochastic differential equation of heat fluxes in the North Atlantic
Authors: Tuchkova Natalia Pavlovna , Belyaev Konstantin Pavlovich , Mikhaylov Gury Mikhaylovich
Published: October 2023

For the analysis of heat fluxes observational data for 1979-2018 in the North Atlantic region were used. The spatiotemporal variability of the total heat flux, which is the sum of latent and sensible heat fluxes, was modeled by a stochastic diffusion process. The coefficients of the stochastic differential equation representing the stochastic process were statistically determined from the original dataset. Previously, the existence and uniqueness of a solution in the strong sense of a stochastic differential equation generated by the constructed diffusion process were proved under the conditions of Kolmogorov. In this paper, we analyze the spatial and long-term variability of the heat flux field. For a given series of 40 years in length from 1979 to 2018, spatial maps and time curves were constructed. Numerical calculations realized on the Lomonosov-2 supercomputer of the Lomonosov Moscow State University.