bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLARIZATION DISTRIBUTION AND PROCESS OF DEPOLARIZATION IN VDF/TrFE FERROELECTRIC COPOLYMERS AND ITS COMPOSITES BY MEANS OF LASER INTENSITY MODULATION METHOD
Authors: ZHANG XING-YUAN  , CHAN WONG LAI-WAH  , CHOY CHUNG-LOONG  ,   (1)香港理工大学应用物理系及材料研究中心，香港九龙; (2)中国科学技术大学高分子科学与工程系，合肥  230026；香港理工大学应用物理系及材料研究中心，香港九龙
Published: November 2020

Measuring system and method as well as data processing of the laser intensity modulation method(LIMM) have been set up.The polarization distribution and the process of depolarization for VDF/TrFE ferroelectric copolymers are investigated by LIMM.The pyroe
A NEW METHOD TO DETERMINE THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF NANOCRYSTALLINE GRAINS AND ITS APPLICATION
Authors: GU TANG-SHENG  , SHI SHUN-SEN  , LIN GUANG-MING  ,   中山大学物理系，广州  510275
Published: November 2020

A new method,Profile-fitting of X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (PFXDS) method,which was adopted to determine the size distribution of nanocrystalline grains,was introduced in this paper.Its theoretical model and basic hypothesis were clearly interpreted and its advantages and disadvantages were discussed in details.The PFXDS method was applied to the size distribution calculation of nano-SnO2 powder produced by sol-gel technology and the relatively ideal results were obtained.
COVERAGE DEPENDENCE OF THE O-Ru STRETCH MODE ON RU(0001)
Authors: HE PEI-MO  , K.JACOBI  ,   (1)Fritz-Haber-Institut der MPG,Faradarweg 4-6,D-14195 Berlin,Germany; (2)浙江大学物理系，杭州  310027
Published: November 2020

Oxygen overlayers with different coverages on Ru(0001) were prepared by dissociative adsorption of O2, and sequential dissociation of O2 and NO2. The high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements showed a strong coverage dependence of O-Ru strectch mode. The vibrational energy of this mode shifts from 54 meV for the lower coverage limit (θO→0.0) upward to 81 meV for densely packed (1×1)-O overlayer (θO=1.0).
STUDY ON STRUCTURAL,ELECTRONIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ALKALI DOPED β-CAGE
Authors: SUN QIANG  , YE LING  ,   上海复旦大学表面物理国家重点实验室，上海  200433
Published: November 2020

The structural and electronic properties of eight and fourteen Na or K atoms adsorbed in the β-cage of zeolite LTA(Linde type A) have been studied by using the first-principles discrete variational method(DVM)based on the framework of local density formalism.The β-cage are used as a cluster to simulate the geometrical structures of alkali metal atoms incorporated into the zeolite cages.It isfound that after Na and K atoms are adsorbed by the β-cage of zeolite LTA,the adsorbed Na or K cations prefer to stay near the hexagonal center site of the β-cage.Since the adsorbed Na or K cations are far away from each other(＞0.4nm),the interaction between them is weak and it is hard to say that they form a cluster.The calculated average moment of adsorbed Na or K is very small.For adsorbed eight and fourteen Na,the moments are 0.01μB and 0.02μB,respectively and the total moments of the doped β-cage are 0.10μB and 0.31μB.For adsorbed eight and fourteen K,the moments are all 0.01μB and the the total moments of the doped β-cage are 0.12μB and 0.22μB.These results are in agreement with the experimental observation.
STUDY OF ONE-QUASIPROTON BANDS OF 129La USINGTHE ANGULAR MOMENTUM PROJECTION SHELL MODEL
Authors: SHEN SHUI-FA  , WANG ZI-XING  , SHI SHUANG-HUI  , GU JIA-HUI  , LIU JING-YI  ,   中国科学院上海原子核研究所，上海  201800
Published: November 2020

The angular momentum projection shell model is applied to the nucleus 129La- The results of theoretical calculations about the one-quasiproton bands are compared with experiment data,the agreement with the yrast πh11/2 band and the πg7/2 band is satisfactory- We also assign the πg7/2［νh11/2］2 configuration with an oblate shape for one of the bands of 129La-
INFLUENCE OF PHOTOSENSITIZER IN LOW GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE PHOTOREFRACTIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITE
Authors: CHEN ZHI-JIAN  , WANG SHU-FENG  , WANG FENG  , HUANG ZHI-WEN  , GONG QI-HUANG  , ZHANG ZHI-JIE  , CHEN YI-WANG  , CHEN HUI-YING  ,   (1)北京大学化学学院，北京  100871; (2)北京大学物理系人工微结构和介观物理国家重点实验室，北京  100871
Published: November 2020

The two-beam coupling gain and phase-shift were measured in the low glass transition temperature photorefractive composites of poly(N-Vinylcarbazole) doped with plasticizer N-ethylcarbazole,electro-optic chromophore 2,5-dimethyl-4-(p-nitrophenylazo) anisole and various contents of photosensitizer fullerene C60-The influence of photosensitizer on the photorefractive behavior was studied-
ELECTRONIC DYNAMICS IN AN INCOMMENSURATE SYSTEM
Authors: ZHANG KAI-WANG  , YUAN HUI-QIU  , ZHONG JIAN-XIN  ,   湘潭大学物理系，湘潭  411105
Published: November 2020

The electronic dynamics of an incommensurate system have been studied with site potentials Vn=λtanh［Acos(2πσn)］/tahnA, where σ=(5-1)/2. By analyzing the wave function, we find the extended eigenstates are similar to the Bloch waves, and critical states occur in some Hamiltonian parameter regions. Much attention is paid to the long-time behavior of the autocorrelation function C(t) and mean square displacement d(t). When all states in the system become extended, C(t)～t-1 and d(t)～t1. In the regime with absolute localized states, C(t)～t0 and d(t)～t0. Between these two extremes, there exists a complex phase regime in which extended states, critical states and localized states coexist, and the behavior of C(t) is related to the initial site, but with d(t)～t1. Moreover, the relation between C(t) and the local spectral probability R(l) have been studied.
TRANSITION PROPERTIES OF HIGHLY-EXCITED STATES OF Yb ATOM
Authors: FANG DA-WEI  , ZHANG YI  , ZHONG JIAN-WEI  , ZHANG SEN  ,   (1)杭州电子工业学院，杭州  310012; (2)浙江大学物理系，杭州  310027; (3)中国计量学院信息工程系，杭州  310034
Published: November 2020

The rates of blackbody rediation induced transitions and spontaneous transitions of Rydberg states and Stark states of ytterbium have been calculated by the method of numerical integration based on the hydrogenic model. The calculated results are compared with experimental data measured by using delayed electric field ionization. In addition, we have chosen the typically initial states to observe the distribution of repopulations among nearby states and given theoretical explanation. The availability of the hydrogenic model when applied to highly-excited states of complex atoms is discussed.
DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY INVESTIGATION ON POLAR PHASE TRANSITIONS
Authors: LI JING-DE  , CHEN MIN  , FANG CHUANG-DAI  , LI ZHI-QIANG  , LEI DE-MIN  ,   中山大学物理系，广州  510275
Published: November 2020

By using frequency and time domain dielectric spectroscopy, the polar phase transitions of (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 ceramics have been studied. Compared with the phase transitions of a ferroelectric crystal, the motion of space charges in ceramic has been obtained as well as lattice softening, excitation of screen charges and motion of ferroelectric domains. Slow effect, which is contributed by ferroelectric domains and space charges, can affect the accurate measurement by frequency domain method. In this paper we describe this influence and explain some experimental results. The reciprocal of frequency domain dielectric constant has a linear softening in the transition of primary structure, but has a parabolic type softening in that of high structure.
GENERALIZED WINDING NUMBER OF CHAOTIC OSCILLATORS AND HOPF BIFURCATION FROM SYNCHRONOUS CHAOS
Authors: MA WEN-QI  , YANG JUN-ZHONG  , LIU WEN-JI  , BAO GANG  , HU GANG  ,   (1)北京师范大学物理系,北京 100875; (2)吉林师范学院物理系,吉林 132011; (3)郑州轻工学院基础部,郑州 450002
Published: November 2020

In describing various modes of chaotic oscillators, generalized winding numbers are defined in tangent space corresponding to Lyapunov exponents of the chaotic attractor. Bifurcation behaviors from synchronous chaos of coupled Duffing oscillators are investigated using these concepts. The results show that a kind of Hopf bifurcation can take place from the synchronous chaotic state. Analysis of power spectrum indicates that the characteristic frequency created by the Hopf bifurcation is equal to the generalized winding number of the critical transverse modes just before the bifurcation.
DIFFERENTIAL VELOCITY-MODULATION LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF MOLECULAR IONS
Authors: YANG XIAO-HUA  , CHEN YANG-QIN  , CAI PEI-PEI  , LU JING-JING  , WANG RONG-JUN  ,   华东师范大学物理系国家教育部华东师范大学量子光学开放实验室,上海  200062
Published: November 2020

We analyzed the features and the line profile of velocity-modulation laser spectroscopy theoreti-cally, and reported the observed spectra of N+2 and CO+ molecular ions in the visible region.
DETERMINATION OF LEAD TUNGSTATE CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE BY LASER RAMAN SCATTERING SPECTRA
Authors: ZHANG MING-RONG  , YIN ZHI-WEN  , LI PEI-JUN  , HU GUAN-QIN  ,   中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,上海 201800
Published: November 2020

Two types of structure of lead tungstate scintillating crystals grown from high-temperature melt of the mixed powders of PbO and WO3 have been reported in the literatures. One is of space group C64h-I41/a,i.e. the scheelite structure, and the other D4-P4/nnc. It is not easy to determine its exact structure by the X-ray powder diffraction technique. On the bases of measuring its Raman spectra under different geometrical configurations and analyzing its vibration modes in the two different structures by the group theory the scheelite structure of the crystals grown from a stoichiometric melt was determined in the present paper.
STUDY OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF ALTERNATING C3N4 In CNx/TiN COMPOSITE FILMS PREPARED
Authors: WU DA-WEI  , FU DE-JUN  , MAO XIAN-WEI  , YU MING-SHENG  , PENG YOU-GUI  , FAN XIANG-JUN  ,   武汉大学理学院技术物理系,武汉 430072
Published: November 2020

We prepared alternating CNx/TiN composite films using a dc magnetron sputtering system in which a closed unbalanced magnetic field was adopted and a negatively biased grating was placed in front of each substrate. The composition of the thin film was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron diffraction (TED) revealed that the CNx films deposited at grating voltages lower than 400V are amorphous. β-C3N4 and subic-C3N4(c-C3N4) were formed at higher voltages. A high grating voltage is indispensable for synthesis of c-C3N4. The lattice constants of C3N4 evaluated from the experimental data agree well with reported theoretical values.
ELECTRON INTERACTION AND THE POLARON IN POLYMERS
Authors: ZHANG CHUN  , MA YUN-XHENG  , XUN XIN  , YE CHENG  ,   (1)复旦大学物理系,上海 200433；中国科学院红外物理国家实验室，上海 200083; (2)中国科学院化学研究所,北京 100080
Published: November 2020

Currently, the extended Hubbard model, which is a good approximation only for narrow-band system, suggests that the width of polaron in polymer is heavily reduced by the electron-electron interaction. However, the polymers possess wide band, so the off-diagonal correlation cannot be neglected. We considered the effects of full electron-electron correlation on the width and the creation energy of polaron in polymer. In the case of strong screening, our results are greatly different from those of Hubbard model. This suggests that in polymer, the Hubbard model should be gone beyond.
EXACT SOLUTION OF THE TIME-DEPENDENT DIRAC EQUATION
Authors: GUO HUA  ,   北京大学技术物理系和重离子物理研究所，北京 100871
Published: November 2020

By use of algebraic method, the exact solution of the time-dependent Dirac equation was obtained, and the exchange symmetry in the solution was discussed.
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION IN FINITE-NUMBEF TRAPPED ATOMS
Authors: YI XUE-XI  ,   东北师范大学理论物理研究所，长春 130024；吉林大学物理系，长春 130023
Published: November 2020

The BEC in finite-number trapped atoms is investigated in this paper. The results show that the transition temperature is decreased by the finite-number effect, and the interactions between the atoms change the transition temperature, too. The specific heat below the transition point is no longer proportional to T3/2. In addition to the above effects, the distribution of the trapped atoms depend on its number. The repulsive interaction between the atoms also dilute the density of the atoms.
SAMPLED-DATA FEEDBACK CONTROL FOR CHEN'S CHAOTIC SYSTEM
Authors: YANG LIN-BAO  ,   (1)鄂州大学机电工程系，鄂州  436000; (2)美国伯克利加州大学电气工程及计算机科学系，伯克利市，美国，CA94720
Published: November 2020

We present a theory for control of Chen's chaotic system using sampled-data feedback control technology. First, the output of Chen's chaotic system is sampled at a given sampling rate. Then the sampled data are used to construct a discrete-time feedback control algorithm for controlling Chen's chaotic system to the origin. The theory of the asymptotic stability of the controlled system is presented. Numerical experimental results are given.
FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDY OF TETRAGONAL FERROELECTRIC STRUCTUER OF K(Ta0.56Nb0.44)O3
Authors: PENG YI-PING  , WANG YUAN-XU  , ZHANG LEI  , ZHANG PEI-LIN  , ZHONG WEI-LIE  ,   山东大学物理系，济南  250100
Published: November 2020

Based on the results of total-energy calculations using full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA),we determined the tetragonal fine structure of K(Ta0.56Nb0.44)O3，i.e.,the equilibrium configuration of B-site cations (Ta and Nb)in the ferroelectric phase. Ta is found to have an off-center displacement,relative to the oxygen octahedron,of about 0.005nm along [001]. The off-center displacement of Nb is as large as 0.016nm,thus makes a major contribution to the occurrence of the ferroelectric instability.
MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE AND LIGHT SCATTERING STUDY FOR RANDOM SCATTERING SCREENS
Authors: QI DONG-PING  , LIU DE-LI  , TENG SHU-YUN  , ZHANG NING-YU  , CHENG CHUAN-FU  ,   山东师范大学物理系，济南  250014
Published: November 2020

The morphology of random screens with different surface roughness is studied with atomic force microscope and it is found that their height distributions have very obvious fractal characteristics in short range regions.For screens with larger and smaller roughness,the fractals exist in the forms of random height fluctuations and small grains without characteristic size respectively.The self-affine fractal surface model is introduced to the quantitative descriptions of randomscreens.The light scattering measurements show that:(1)the scattered intensity in off-axis region descends in negative power functions,and the theoretical analy sis based on self-affine fractal model indicates that it originates from the sho rt-range fractal of the screens;and(2)there is a halo ring in the scattered fiel ds in the paraxial region .This phenomenon cannot yet be explained on the basis of the self-affine fractal model.
Effect of High－Temperature Treatment on the Crystallization of CNx Thin Films
Authors: Xiao Xing－cheng  , Jiang Wei－hui  , Tian Jing－fen  , Song Li－xing  , Hu Xing－fang  ,   中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,上海200050
Published: November 2020

The amorphous carbon nitride films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering first　and then were heat－treated at high temperature.DTA　XRD　Auger spectroscopy wer e used to study the difference of composition　structure before and after heat－t reatment.The results showed that crystallization occurred at 1186℃.Heat－treatm ent can induce the crystallization of carbon nitride and the diffraction peaks a ppeared in the XRD pattern.The results of Auger spectroscopy also showed that th ere existed SiCN－riched area and the content of N decreased.
The Largest Lyapunov Exponent of Coupled Map Lattice Systems 　 
Authors: Shi Peng－liang  , Hu Gang  , Xu Li－mei  ,   北京师范大学物理系,北京100875
Published: November 2020

Based on the investigation of the largest Lyapunov exponent of coupled map latti ce systems　 it is found that in the parameter region of chaos　 if the system is large enough and the coupling coefficient is neither too small nor too large　 th e largest Lyapunov exponent of the system has a plateau which does not vary wit h the size and the coupling coefficient. The physical meaning of this flat pla teau is discussed.
Impulsive Synchronization of Nonautonomous Chaotic Systems
Authors: Yang Lin－bao  , Yang Tao  ,   (1)鄂州大学,湖北省鄂州市436000; (2)美国伯克利加州大学电气工程及计算机科学系,伯克利市CA94720
Published: November 2020

In this paper-the practical stability of impulsive synchronization between two-nonautonomous chaotic systems is studied. This practical stability is equivalent to that of the origin of the synchronization error system. We present the crite ria for the practical stability of the origin of the synchronization error syste m based on the theory of impulsive differential equation. We also provide the theoretical results on the range of synchronization errors. Numerical experimental-results are given to compare with theoretical results.
Indecomposable and Irreducible Representations of the SPL(2,1) Superal gebra
Authors: Chen Yong－qing  ,   深圳教育学院,深圳518029
Published: November 2020

Using inhomogeneous boson－ferimon realization the indecomposable and irreducibl e representations of the SPL(2　1) are studied on subspace and quotient spaces of the universal enveloping algebra of Heisenberg－weyl superalgebra.All the finit e dimensional irreducible representations of the SPL(2　1) are given.
ENTANGEMENT OF QUANTUM PURE STATES
Authors: SHI MING-JUN  , DU JIANG-FENG  , ZHU DONG-PEI  ,   (1)中国科学技术大学近代物理系，合肥  230027; (2)中国科学技术大学近代物理系，合肥  230027；中国科学技术大学量子通讯和量子计算开放实验室，合肥  230026
Published: November 2020

Entangled state and entanglement have important action in quantum computation and quantum communication.In this paper,we consider the quantum pure state,show its properties when time reversal transformation is used,and study the representation of corresponding density matrix in Hilbert-Schmidt space.Finally we give a geometrical interpretation for entanglement.
Measurement and Analysis on Shock Wave Driven by X－ray Radiation
Authors: Jiang  Shao－en  , Zheng Zhi－jian  , Li Wen－hong  , Ding Yao－nan  , Sun Ke－xu  , Liu Yong－gang  , Jiang Xiao－hua  ,   西南核物理与化学研究所，成都　610003
Published: November 2020

CH foam material is filled in the cavities in order to improve planar degree of shock wave driven by X－ray radiation.Wedge－shaped aluminum samples are used to measure time－space streaking images of optical signals from the shock wave.And then the velocity and pressure of the shock wave is obtained.The radiation temp erature is obtained by using the scaled relations between veloctiy of shock wave and radiation temperature.
Bedrock radioactivity influences the rate and spectrum of mutation
Authors: Saclier Nathanaëlle , Chardon Patrick , Malard Florian , Konecny-Dupré Lara , Eme David , Bellec Arnaud , Breton Vincent , Duret Laurent , Lefebure Tristan , Douady Christophe J
Published: November 2020

All organisms on Earth are exposed to low doses of natural radioactivity but some habitats are more radioactive than others. Yet, documenting the influence of natural radioactivity on the evolution of biodiversity is challenging. Here, we addressed whether organisms living in naturally more radioactive habitats accumulate more mutations across generations using 14 species of waterlice living in subterranean habitats with contrasted levels of radioactivity. We found that the mitochondrial and nuclear mutation rates across a waterlouse species’ genome increased on average by 60% and 30%, respectively, when radioactivity increased by a factor of three. We also found a positive correlation between the level of radioactivity and the probability of G to T (and complementary C to A) mutations, a hallmark of oxidative stress. We conclude that even low doses of natural bedrock radioactivity influence the mutation rate possibly through the accumulation of oxidative damage, in particular in the mitochondrial genome.
Structural ordering of the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein repeats by inhibitory antibody 3D11
Authors: Kucharska Iga , Thai Elaine , Srivastava Ananya , Rubinstein John L , Pomès Régis , Julien Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2020

Plasmodium sporozoites express circumsporozoite protein (CSP) on their surface, an essential protein that contains central repeating motifs. Antibodies targeting this region can neutralize infection, and the partial efficacy of RTS,S/AS01 – the leading malaria vaccine againstP. falciparum(Pf) – has been associated with the humoral response against the repeats. Although structural details of antibody recognition of PfCSP have recently emerged, the molecular basis of antibody-mediated inhibition of other Plasmodium species via CSP binding remains unclear. Here, we analyze the structure and molecular interactions of potent monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3D11 binding toP. bergheiCSP (PbCSP) using molecular dynamics simulations, X-ray crystallography, and cryoEM. We reveal that mAb 3D11 can accommodate all subtle variances of the PbCSP repeating motifs, and, upon binding, induces structural ordering of PbCSP through homotypic interactions. Together, our findings uncover common mechanisms of antibody evolution in mammals against the CSP repeats of Plasmodium sporozoites.
Cryo-EM structure of the calcium release-activated calcium channel Orai in an open conformation
Authors: Hou Xiaowei , Outhwaite Ian R , Pedi Leanne , Long Stephen Barstow
Published: November 2020

The calcium release-activated calcium channel Orai regulates Ca2+ entry into non-excitable cells and is required for proper immune function. While the channel typically opens following Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, certain pathologic mutations render the channel constitutively open. Previously, using one such mutation (H206A), we obtained low (6.7 Å) resolution X-ray structural information on Drosophila melanogaster Orai in an open conformation (Hou et al., 2018). Here we present a structure of this open conformation at 3.3 Å resolution using fiducial-assisted cryo-electron microscopy. The improved structure reveals the conformations of amino acids in the open pore, which dilates by outward movements of subunits. A ring of phenylalanine residues repositions to expose previously shielded glycine residues to the pore without significant rotational movement of the associated helices. Together with other hydrophobic amino acids, the phenylalanines act as the channel’s gate. Structured M1–M2 turrets, not evident previously, form the channel’s extracellular entrance.
Repurposing FDA-approved phytomedicines, natural products, antivirals and cell protectives against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Authors: Kandeel Mahmoud , Kitade Yukio , Almubarak Abdullah
Published: November 2020

Following the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), drug discovery and vaccine design to combat this fatal infection are critical. In this study, an essential enzyme in the SARS-CoV-2 replication machinery, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), is targeted in a virtual screening assay using a set of 1,664 FDA-approved drugs, including sets of botanical and synthetic derivatives. A set of 22 drugs showed a high docking score of >−7. Notably, approximately one-third of the top hits were either from natural products or biological molecules. The FDA-approved phytochemicals were sennosides, digoxin, asiaticoside, glycyrrhizin, neohesperidin, taxifolin, quercetin and aloin. These approved natural products and phytochemicals are used as general tonics, antioxidants, cell protectives, and immune stimulants (nadid, thymopentin, asiaticoside, glycyrrhizin) and in other miscellaneous systemic or topical applications. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on standard precision and extra precision docking, two-step molecular dynamics simulations, binding energy calculations and a post dynamics analysis. The results reveal that two drugs, docetaxel and neohesperidin, showed strong binding profiles with SARS CoV-2 RdRP. These results can be used as a primer for further drug discovery studies in the treatment of COVID-19. This initiative repurposes safe FDA-approved drugs against COVID-19 RdRP, providing a rapid channel for the discovery and application of new anti-CoV therapeutics.
Using high-resolution melting to identify Calliphoridae (blowflies) species from Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Pablo Viana , de Almeida Francine Alves Nogueira , Lugon Magda Delorence , Britto Karolinni Bianchi , Oliveira-Costa Janyra , Santos Alexandre Rosa , Paneto Greiciane Gaburro
Published: November 2020

Forensic entomology is the study of insects and other arthropods used in the solution of crimes. Most of entomological evidences strongly depend on accurate species identification. Therefore, new methods are being developed due to difficulties in morphological identification, including molecular methods such as High-Resolution Melting. In this study, we reported a new HRM primer set to identify forensically important Calliphoridae (blowflies) from Brazil. For such purpose, Calliphoridae species of forensic importance in Brazil were listed and confirmed by specialists. Mitochondrial COI sequences of those species were downloaded from databases and aligned, and polymorphic variations were selected for distinction between species. Based on it, HRM primers were designed. Forty-three fly samples representing six species were tested in the HRM assay. All samples had the COI gene sequenced to validate the result. Identifying and differentiating the six species proposed using a combination of two amplicons was possible. The protocol was effective even for old insect specimens, collected and preserved dried for more than ten years, unlike the DNA sequencing technique that failed for those samples. The HRM technique proved to be an alternative tool to DNA sequencing, with advantage of amplifying degraded samples and being fast and cheaper than the sequencing technique.
Inhibition of Aluminium Corrosion in 1M HCl by Pyridoxine Hydrochloride: Thermodynamic and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Yeo Mamadou , Tigori Mougo André , Kouyaté Amadou , Niamien Paulin Marius , Trokourey Albert
Published: November 2020

Currently, research in the area of corrosion inhibition is focussed on the development of green corrosion inhibitors. It is with this in mind that pyridoxine hydrochloride, which is vitamin B6, has been tested as a corrosion inhibitor of aluminium in 1M HCl by mass loss, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) methods. The results obtained show that the inhibition efficiency increases with concentration but decreases with increasing temperature. This vitamin is adsorbed on aluminium according to the modified Langmuir isotherm and occurs in two modes: physisorption and chemisorption. Thermodynamic adsorption and activation parameters have been determined and discussed. Finally, QSPR approach was used to find the best set of parameters in order to determine the theoretical inhibition efficiencies from the experimental data. Experimental measurements were found in good collaboration with the theoretical results.
Pharmacovigilance of Natural Herbal Medicines Research for Efficacy, Safety and Quality Assurance of Phytomedicine Products
Authors: Fokunang Estella Tembe , Fonmboh Dobgima John , Mballa Rose Ngono , Nyuyki Andrew Banin , Fokunang Lovet Benyella , Kaba Nubia , Abong Thérèse Bwemba , Duerr Ralf , Richard Ejoh , Ondoua Marie-Thérèse Abena , Fokunang Charles Ntungwen
Published: November 2020

Improved traditional medicine/phytomedicine formulations have gained a global acceptability and popularity as therapeutic agents for many diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. Herbal products are generally considered as safe, environmentally friendly and increasingly consumed by the community without prescription. There is a lack of systematic data on traditional medicine-associated adverse effects due to complex issues such as products with multiple ingredients, poor standardization, lack of clinical trials, variation in manufacturing processes, contamination, adulteration and misidentification of herbs. The aim of pharmacovigilance is to detect, assess, understand, and prevent the adverse effects or any other possible drug-related problems, related to herbal, traditional and complementary medicines. Pharmacovigilance for herbal medicines is in its infancy, and monitoring the safety of natural products presents unique challenges, and as such, preparations are available from a wide range of sources where limited qualified healthcare professionals are available. The ethico-legal issues and regulatory approval mechanism of herbal medicine vary from country to country. This paper also elucidates the level of challenges associated with herbal pharmacovigilance geared towards improving safety monitoring for herbal medicines in the future.
High Sensitive C- Reactive Protein in Patients with Angiographically Proved Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Bhattad Anil , Pardesi A. T. , Jadhav Nitin , Agarwal Vaibhav , Desai Jabbar , Kapale R. J.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is associated with increased inflammatory activity and risk of vascular disease. The hypothesis is that, the hs-CRP testing might have prognostic usefulness for patients with CAD. Considering a major role of hs-CRP in atherothrombosis, its measurements can provide a novel method to detect individuals at high risk of rupture of plaque.

Aim of the Work: This study was performed to find out the relation of high sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) with angiographically proved coronary artery disease (CAD) and its severity.

Methodology: Total 125 patients underwent CAG in present study, of them 36% were females and 64% were males, predominated by male sex (‘p’ <0.001.

Results: The mean for hs-CRP levels was 1.67(±0.85) mg/L and significantly high in patient with CAD. Strong correlation was formed between age ≥ 45 years and hs-CRP 1-3 mg/ L in present cohort of CAD. About one third of population with CAD had dyslipidemia of them majority (2/3rd) had hs-CRP 1-3 mg/L. Two-third of patients with CAD with tobacco consumption in any form had hs-CRP 1-3 mg/L and was significant than < 1 mg/L and >3 mg/L hs-CRP level. The hs-CRP level associated favorably with the frequency and extent of the CAD in present study (r=0.664).

Conclusion: High sensitive CRP offers better risk stratification, predictive and prognostic value, in patients with CAD. Further studies and interventions are mandatory to identify the independent role of hs-CRP as a CAD risk factor and its cost effectiveness in a population of a developing country like India.
Antiseptic Use in Orthopaedic Wounds
Authors: Begum Fahima A. , Borg Tiffanie-Marie , Mazoochy Hamed , Heidari Nima
Published: November 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study is to review the available literature addressing the safety and efficacy of antiseptics in surgical wounds. The different antiseptic solutions, irrigation volumes, time scales and delivery methods have been compared so that evidence-based recommendations on antiseptic use in orthopaedic, foot and ankle surgical procedures can be proposed.

Methods: A literature search was performed using the online databases Medline and EMBase to identify in-vitro and in-vivo studies pertaining to antiseptic use in an orthopaedic context. Terms including antiseptic, irrigation fluid, bacitracin, hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine were searched. Literature published in English from inception to July 2020 in which the full text was accessible was considered for inclusion. Cellular and animal studies were included on the basis that authors analysed antiseptic efficacy and/or toxic effect of antiseptic on cells present in orthopaedic wounds. Clinical studies that met the criteria for inclusion in this review assessed antiseptic use in a surgical context, with a focus on foot and ankle procedures.         These included case reports, case series, case control, prospective and retrospective studies as well as randomised controlled trials. Studies were categorised as in-vitro, animal and human studies. Twenty-three, eleven and forty-four studies were identified as in-vitro, animal and       human studies respectively. These have been summarised and presented herein in a narrative format.

Results: There is strong evidence that skin preparation with antiseptics before orthopaedic procedures reduces the risk of post-operative infection.

Conclusion: Routine prophylactic intra-operative antiseptic use should be performed with caution as they increase the risk of local and systemic complications. However, there is strong evidence supporting the use of antiseptics pre-operatively when preparing the skin. Determining the best antiseptic preparation remains a matter of debate since a single agent or solution is not effective against all organisms. Further research is therefore needed to assess the efficacy of antiseptics in prevention and treatment of infections.
A Study of Functional Outcome of Bimalleolar Fracture
Authors: Patil Nitin S. , Gaonkar Nishant K. , Dalal Shrikant K. , Shivaji Avate
Published: November 2020

The results of bimalleolar ankle fractures are better with emphasis on anatomical reduction of fracture, stable internal fixation, regaining full fibular length and early active pain free mobilization, since the advent of A.O principles of management. This study analyzes the functional outcome of Ankle joint after Internal Fixation of bimalleolar fracture. This study was done to evaluate the functional outcome of ankle joint after internal fixation of bimalleolar fracture, those which were operated with different modalities. Classifications used were Lauge-Hansen Classification and Danis-Weber Classification. Road traffic accident, Twisting injury and Fall from height were major mode of injury. Cannulated cancellous screw, Malleolar Screw and TBW used for medial malleolus and semi tubular plate, cannulated cancellous screw and Rush Nail used for fibula are common mode of fixation. According to Baird and Jackson scoring system out of 40 cases, 92.5% were excellent and good, 5% were fair and 2.5% were poor. Anatomical correlations suggest reduction and stable internal fixation restore the articular congruity of ankle joint results in high percentage of excellent and good results.
The Essential Oils-bearing Plant Containing Eugenol in Vietnam
Authors: Hai Le Huy , Truc Le Mai Xuan , Trung Nguyen Quoc
Published: November 2020

Aim and Objectives: Eugenol is widely used in the pharmaceutical and aromatic industries, so the task of surveying to find essential oils containing eugenol is very important. The purpose of this study is to investigate essential oil-bearing plants containing eugenol in Vietnam for pharmaceutical and aromatic industries.

Materials and Methods: By the method of fresh sampling of essential oil plants, essential oils are extracted by steam distillation and then analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) to identify eugenol sources.

Results: We have found that a lot of plants containing high eugenol content mostly grow wild in forests such as Hiptis suaveolens Poit. containing 62-67% eugenol, Cinnamomum verum Prest: 75-80%, Camellia sasanqua Thumb.: 90-95% can be used to exploit essential oils and extract eugenol. We also pointed out that essential oil plants containing high eugenol as Cestrum nocturnum L.: 50-55%, Ocimum sanctum L.: 60-65%, Ocimum gratissimum L.: 65-75% can be cultivated to obtain eugenol for the pharmaceutical and aromatic industry.

Conclusions: During the survey, we discovered and made a list of 10 plants as a source of essential oils containing eugenol in Vietnam. The rainy season in Vietnam is from June to September. During this season, the essential oil content in the fresh leaves is lower than in the dry season, therefore, the eugenol content in the essential oils is low. However, due to the strong-growth of plants in the rainy season, a lot of fresh leaves can be harvested, which mean there are more essential oils presented to be extracted.
Clinico - Hematological Profile of Nutritional Anaemia among Adolescent Girls in Rural Area
Authors: Joag G. G. , Karanjkar M. N. , Potdar Danesh B. , Pawar Jalinder M.
Published: November 2020

Anaemia in adolescent girls contributes to prenatal morbidity and mortality in the future. The present study was undertaken with the aim of studying the clinical-haematological profile of anaemia in adolescent girls in the North Indian tertiary care hospital. Among 380 adolescent girls, hemoglobin concentration was less than 12 gm/dl among 172 (45.3%) girls which was classified as anemia. 91 (52.9%) girls were classified as having mild anemia (Hb- 11.0 to 11.9 gm/dl), 69 (40.1%) had moderate anemia (Hb- 8.0 to 10.9 gm/dl) and 12 (7.0%) girls had severe anemia (Hb- less than 8 gm/dl). Most common cause of anaemia was iron deficiency anaemia. Mean  age of study participants was 14 years with Standard deviation of 2.73. In the present study, prevalence of anemia increases with increase in socio- economic class of study participants. Prevalence of anemia was more in underweight girls in comparison to those girls who had normal range of BMI.
Leading Change For a More Civil Society
Authors:   Justice College The Leadership Center (Honduras)
Published: November 2020

One perspective on leadership views the leader as someone who is willing to step out of his or her comfort zone to help, someone “who sees something that needs to change and takes the first steps to influence that situation” (M. Wheatley, 2008, pp. 2-3). Leadership is active, not passive, and is demonstrated by taking action to improve a situation. It involves influencing and engaging others in the process of change, in the process of making some aspect of society, community, or organizational life better. The intent behind this special issue was to provide faculty with a forum to discuss and share their efforts to effect change through the application of disciplinary knowledge to improve some aspect of society (Boyer, 2016), somewhere in the world. Our hope was to have faculty discuss how they applied their disciplinary knowledge to initiate change in a community, an organization, a governmental entity or program, or an educational institution or program in the broader community beyond the university campus. This special issue of the Journal of Scholarly Engagement (JSE) includes three examples of faculty doing just that, applying their domain knowledge to improve some aspect of society.
Guided Notes in Undergraduate Insruction
Authors:   Framingham State University, Elcoro Mirari , Ghirardi-Broughton Krystal ,   Framingham State University, Hebert Laura ,   Framingham State University
Published: November 2020

This critical reflection of practice is based on the examination of three different modes of implementation of guided notes in undergraduate courses. Guided notes used to respond to student needs, and assessments focused on student perspectives on the use of guided notes were aimed at learning more deeply about diversity of backgrounds and experiences of students. The use of guided notes was adapted across several courses following a reflective approach guided by outcomes from assessment and pertinent literature. This reflection starts with an introduction to guided notes, and then it is followed by results from assessments of the effects of guided notes on student perspectives on learning and satisfaction, as well as on quiz scores for one of the courses. Guided notes were implemented consistently, partially, and voluntarily, across different groups. Students tended to rate guided notes positively, and in some cases negatively. In addition, guided notes may have significantly increased quiz grades in one course. Based on a critical view of the results and a review of pertinent literature, advantages and disadvantages of using guided notes are outlined. Some lessons learned, best practices for implementation, and assessment of the use of guided notes in undergraduate instruction are described. Keywords: guided notes, note-taking, studying, undergraduate students.
Low Z‐4OHtam concentrations are associated with adverse clinical outcome among early stage premenopausal breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen
Authors: Helland Thomas , Naume Bjørn , Hustad Steinar , Bifulco Ersilia , Kvaløy Jan Terje , Sætersdal Anna Barbro , Synnestvedt Marit , Lende Tone Hoel , Gilje Bjørnar , Mjaaland Ingvil , Weyde Kjetil , Blix Egil Støre , Wiedswang Gro , Borgen Elin , Hertz Daniel Louis , Janssen Emiel Adrianus Maria , Mellgren Gunnar , Søiland Håvard
Published: November 2020

Low steady‐state levels of active tamoxifen metabolites have been associated with inferior treatment outcomes. In this retrospective analysis of 406 estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer (BC) patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen as initial treatment, we have associated our previously reported thresholds for the two active metabolites, Z‐endoxifen and Z‐4‐hydroxy‐tamoxifen (Z‐4OHtam), with treatment outcomes in an independent cohort of BC patients. Among all patients, metabolite levels did not affect survival. However, in the premenopausal subgroup receiving tamoxifen alone (n = 191) we confirmed an inferior BC ‐specific survival in patients with the previously described serum concentration threshold of Z‐4OHtam ≤ 3.26 nm (HR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.02–5.48, P = 0.039). The ‘dose–response’ survival trend in patients categorized to ordinal concentration cut‐points of Z‐4OHtamoxifen (≤ 3.26, 3.27–8.13, > 8.13 nm) was also replicated (P‐trend log‐rank = 0.048). Z‐endoxifen was not associated with outcome. This is the first study to confirm the association between a published active tamoxifen metabolite threshold and BC outcome in an independent patient cohort. Premenopausal patients receiving 5‐year of tamoxifen alone may benefit from therapeutic drug monitoring to ensure tamoxifen effectiveness.
Multifaceted activities of transcription factor EB in cancer onset and progression
Authors: Astanina Elena , Bussolino Federico , Doronzo Gabriella
Published: November 2020

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) represents an emerging player in cancer biology. Together with microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor, transcription factor E3 and transcription factor EC, TFEB belongs to the microphthalmia family of bHLH‐leucine zipper transcription factors that may be implicated in human melanomas, renal and pancreatic cancers. TFEB was originally described as being translocated in a juvenile subset of pediatric renal cell carcinoma; however, whole‐genome sequencing reported that somatic mutations were sporadically found in many different cancers. Besides its oncogenic activity, TFEB controls the autophagy‐lysosomal pathway by recognizing a recurrent motif present in the promoter regions of a set of genes that participate in lysosome biogenesis; furthermore, its dysregulation was found to have a crucial pathogenic role in different tumors by modulating the autophagy process. Other than regulating cancer cell‐autonomous responses, recent findings indicate that TFEB participates in the regulation of cellular functions of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we review the emerging role of TFEB in regulating cancer cell behavior and choreographing tumor–microenvironment interaction. Recognizing TFEB as a hub of network of signals exchanged within the tumor between cancer and stroma cells provides a fresh perspective on the molecular principles of tumor self‐organization, promising to reveal numerous new and potentially druggable vulnerabilities.
Patterns of Flower Complexity in Plant Communities
Authors: Keasar Tamar
Published: November 2020

Coevolution between plants and their animal pollinators has selected for diverse flower shapes. Simple flower morphologies are accessible to a wide range of animal visitors, whereas only a subset of specialised pollinators are able to feed from complex flowers and pollinate them. The implications of flower shape for plant reproductive success, and the genetic mechanisms that govern shape development, are well studied in some plant species. This article aims to synthesise a smaller body of research, which deals with the distribution of flower shapes at the plant community level. Simple, dish‐shaped radially symmetrical flowers or inflorescences comprise the most common morphology in many floras. It has been suggested that simple flowers are selectively favoured when generalised pollinators (such as flies and small bees) are dominant among the local flower visitors. This was proposed to occur (i) on islands, (ii) towards the end of flowering seasons, (iii) at high elevations, (iv) in forest canopies, and (v) during late successional stages. Predictions 1–4 are supported by field surveys of different floras, while there is only weak evidence for the last prediction. The last section of the paper discusses the need for a floral complexity index that will reflect the empirically measured accessibility of flowers to different pollinator guilds. Eco‐informatic approaches are advocated for future exploration of community‐level floral complexity patterns and their relation to the community composition of flower visitors.
A meta‐analytic review of experimental tests of the interrogation technique of Hanns Joachim Scharff
Authors: Luke Timothy J.
Published: November 2020

Hanns Scharff, an interrogator during the Second World War, was known for his remarkable effectiveness at collecting intelligence from prisoners of war using a friendly, conversational approach in which he led the prisoners to unknowingly reveal the information he wanted. In the last decade, psychologists have produced a body of experimental studies testing the effectiveness of Scharff's interrogation technique. Here, I provide a meta‐analytic review of that experimental research. The existing data supports the conclusions that the present conceptualization of Scharff's technique is effective at eliciting more new information, leading people to perceive the interviewer as more knowledgeable, and inducing people to underestimate how much information they have revealed. However, numerous unanswered questions and challenges for this program of research remain. For example, future research may benefit from examining unaddressed elements of the methods Scharff used in the field. Research would also benefit from the development of measures that more clearly correspond to practical outcomes.
The effects of drawing on preschoolers' statements about experienced and non‐experienced events
Authors: Magnusson Mikaela , Ernberg Emelie , Landström Sara , Joleby Malin , Akehurst Lucy , Korkman Julia , Ask Karl
Published: November 2020

Although drawing is frequently used during investigative interviews, few studies have explored the effectiveness of draw‐and‐talk techniques with very young children. In this article, we examined the effects of drawing on preschoolers' (3–6 years old) reports of self‐experienced and non‐experienced events. In Study I, we interviewed 83 preschoolers about a staged event. We did not observe any significant statement differences between children asked to draw‐and‐talk compared to a verbal‐only condition. In Study II, we interviewed 25 preschoolers about a nonexperienced event. Twenty‐one children initially denied the event. When asked if they could help the interviewer draw a person from the event, 13 (61.9%) children complied with the request and eventually provided several false details. While drawing did not significantly increase the average number of details, exploratory findings indicated that drawing may have helped a subset of children. However, drawing might impair children's accuracy when suggestively interviewed about nonexperienced events.