bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the influence of age on pulmonary arterial pressure by use of right ventricular catheterization, pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography, and pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging in healthy Beagles
Authors: Mercier Elise , Mathieu Myrielle , Sandersen Charlotte F. , Delvaux François H. , Clercx Cécile M. , Entee Kathleen Mc
Published: August 2010

Objective—To assess the influence of age on pulmonary hemodynamics and hemorheological properties in healthy dogs.

Animals—14 healthy Beagles.

Procedures—Dogs were placed in 2 age groups as follows: young dogs (≤ 5 years old; n = 8) and old dogs (≥ 8 years old; 6). Hematologic characteristics, plasma total protein and fibrinogen concentrations, and blood viscosity were measured. Systolic time intervals of pulmonary blood flow were recorded by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography. Early (E′) and late (A′) diastolic myocardial velocities, isovolumic contraction velocity, and systolic myocardial velocity of the free tricuspid annulus were recorded by pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Dogs were anesthetized and pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) and cardiac output were recorded with a pediatric thermodilution Swan-Ganz catheter.

Results—Hemorheological measurements were not different between the 2 groups. Systolic, mean, and diastolic PAP were higher in old dogs, compared with values in young dogs; this difference was attributed to a high pulmonary vascular resistance and low arterial compliance in old dogs. Systolic time intervals of pulmonary blood flow stayed unchanged. The A′ wave of the free tricuspid annulus was increased in old, compared with that young dogs, and the E′:A′ ratio was decreased. Pulmonary vascular resistance was inversely correlated with compliance.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The age of dogs should be taken into account when interpreting pulmonary hemodynamic results and TDI variables of right ventricular diastolic function.
Variability associated with repeated measurements of gastrointestinal tract motility in dogs obtained by use of a wireless motility capsule system and scintigraphy
Authors: Boillat Carol S. , Gaschen Frédéric P. , Gaschen Lorrie , Stout Rhett W. , Hosgood Giselle L.
Published: August 2010

Objective—To compare repeatability of measurements of gastrointestinal tract motility in healthy dogs obtained by use of a wireless motility capsule (WMC) and scintigraphy.

Animals—6 healthy adult dogs (mean ± SD body weight, 21.5 ± 1.8 kg).

Procedures—A radiolabeled test meal was offered immediately after oral administration of a WMC. Serial static scintigraphic abdominal images were acquired for 270 minutes. A dedicated remote receiver was used for data collection from the WMC until the WMC was expelled in the feces. Each dog was evaluated 3 times at intervals of 1 to 2 weeks.

Results—Mean gastric emptying half-time measured by use of scintigraphy (T1/2-GES) for each dog ranged from 99.9 to 181.2 minutes. Mean gastric emptying time (GET) measured by use of the WMC (GET-WMC) in each dog ranged from 385.3 to 669.7 minutes. Mean coefficient of variation was 11.8% for T1/2-GES and 7.8% for GET-WMC. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 69% for T1/2-GES and 71% for GET-WMC. Results for a nested analysis of covariance suggested that both methods were comparable for the evaluation of gastric emptying.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Scintigraphy and a WMC system had similar variation for assessment of gastric emptying. Moderate intraindividual variability was detected for both methods and must be considered when interpreting test results for individual dogs. Repeatability of measurements obtained by use of the WMC was equivalent to that obtained by use of scintigraphy. The WMC system offers a nonradioactive, user-friendly method for assessment of gastric emptying in dogs.
Validation of a urine test and characterization of the putative genetic mutation for hyperuricosuria in Bulldogs and Black Russian Terriers
Authors: Karmi Nili , Safra Noa , Young Amy , Bannasch Danika L.
Published: August 2010

Objective—To determine whether hyperuricosuria was a predisposing factor for urate urolithiasis in Bulldogs and Black Russian Terriers (BRTs) and to estimate the allele frequency of the Cys181Phe genetic mutation in urate transporter SLC2A9 in these breeds.

Animals—192 Bulldogs, 101 BRTs, 10 Dalmatians, and 9 dogs of other breeds.

Procedures—Uric acid (UA) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations were quantified in urine samples collected from all dogs via midstream catch during natural voiding. Buccal swab or blood samples were also obtained, and DNA was extracted and used to genotype SLC2A9 sequence variants by use of pyrosequencing assays. A urine test for hyperuricosuria was validated in adult dogs by comparing urinary UA:Cr ratios between known hyperuricosuric and nonhyperuricosuric dogs.

Results—Significantly higher UA:Cr ratios were found in some Bulldogs and BRTs, compared with ratios in other dogs from these breeds. These dogs were also homozygous for the SLC2A9 Cys181Phe mutation. The allele frequency of the Cys181Phe mutation was 0.16 in Bulldogs and 0.51 in BRTs. On the basis of these allele frequencies, 3% of the Bulldog population and 27% of the BRT population were estimated to be hyperuricosuric.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested the genetic mutation associated with hyperuricosuria, first identified in Dalmatians, also appears to cause hyperuricosuria in Bulldogs and BRTs, indicating that similar management strategies for urate urolithiasis can be used in these breeds. The allele frequency of the mutation was high in both breeds, and DNA testing can be used to select against the mutation.
Detection of pathogenic elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in routine trunk washes from healthy adult Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) by use of a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay
Authors: Stanton Jeffrey J. , Zong Jian-Chao , Latimer Erin , Tan Jie , Herron Alan , Hayward Gary S. , Ling Paul D.
Published: August 2010

Objective—To investigate the pathogenesis and transmission of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV1) by analyzing various elephant fluid samples with a novel EEHV1-specific real-time PCR assay.

Animals—5 apparently healthy captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) from the same herd.

Procedures—A real-time PCR assay was developed that specifically detects EEHV1. The assay was used to evaluate paired whole blood and trunk-wash samples obtained from the 5 elephants during a 15-week period. Deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing and viral gene subtyping analysis were performed on trunk-wash DNA preparations that had positive results for EEHV1. Viral gene subtypes were compared with those associated with past fatal cases of herpesvirus-associated disease within the herd.

Results—The PCR assay detected viral DNA to a level of 1,200 copies/mL of whole blood. It was used to detect EEHV1 in trunk secretions of 3 of the 5 elephants surveyed during the 15-week period. Viral gene subtyping analysis identified 2 distinct elephant herpesviruses, 1 of which was identical to the virus associated with a previous fatal case of herpesvirus-associated disease within the herd.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—EEHV1 was shed in the trunk secretions of healthy Asian elephants. Trunk secretions may provide a mode of transmission for this virus. Results of this study may be useful for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of EEHV1-associated disease and the overall management of captive elephant populations.
Effects of antifungal drugs and delivery vehicles on morphology and proliferation of equine corneal keratocytes in vitro
Authors: Mathes Rachel L. , Reber Adrian J. , Hurley David J. , Dietrich Ursula M.
Published: August 2010

Objective—To evaluate the effects of topical antifungal drugs and delivery vehicles on the morphology and proliferation rate of cultured equine keratocytes.

Study Population—16 corneas obtained from 8 apparently ophthalmologically normal horses < 0.5 hours after euthanasia for reasons unrelated to the study.

Procedures—Primary cultures of equine keratocytes were obtained from corneal stroma and were exposed to several concentrations of 3 commonly used, topically applied antifungals: natamycin, itraconazole, and miconazole. In addition, effects of drug delivery vehicles DMSO, benzalkonium chloride, and carboxymethylcellulose and a combination vehicle composed of polyethylene glycol, methylparaben, and propylparaben were also evaluated. Morphological changes and cellular proliferation were assessed 24, 48, and 72 hours after application.

Results—At the highest concentrations tested, all antifungals caused marked cellular morphological changes and inhibited proliferation. At low concentrations, natamycin and miconazole induced rounding, shrinking, and detaching of the cells with inhibition of cellular proliferation. Natamycin caused the most severe cellular changes. Itraconazole, at the low concentrations, caused minimal morphological changes and had a minimal effect on proliferation. All vehicles tested had significantly less effects on cellular morphology and proliferation when compared with the antifungals, except for the combination vehicle, which caused severe morphological changes and inhibited proliferation, even at low concentrations. The DMSO had minimal effects on cellular morphology and proliferation, even at high concentrations.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Itraconazole had significantly less cytotoxic effects on equine keratocytes in culture than did natamycin or miconazole. Natamycin had severe cytotoxic effects in vitro.
Use of an in vitro biotinylation technique for determination of posttransfusion survival of fresh and stored autologous red blood cells in Thoroughbreds
Authors: Owens Sean D. , Johns Jennifer L. , Walker Naomi J. , Librach Fred A. , Carrade Danielle D. , Tablin Fern , Borjesson Dori L.
Published: August 2010

Objective—To evaluate N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-biotin labeling of equine RBCs and determine posttransfusion survival of autologous equine RBCs stored in citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 (CPDA-1) for 0, 1, 14, and 28 days.

Animals—13 healthy adult Thoroughbreds.

Procedures—Serial dilutions of biotin and streptavidin-phycoerythrin (PE) were evaluated in vitro in blood collected from 3 horses. One horse was used to determine RBC distribution and recovery. Twelve horses were allocated to 4 groups for in vivo experiments in which blood was collected into CPDA-1. Blood was labeled with biotin and reinfused or stored at 4°C for 1, 14, or 28 days prior to labeling with NHS-biotin and reinfusion. Posttransfusion blood samples were collected 15 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after reinfusion. Biotin-labeled RBCs were detected via flow cytometry by use of streptavidin-PE. Posttransfusion lifespan of RBCs and RBC half-life were determined.

Results—Optimal biotin concentration was 0.04 pg of biotin/RBC, and the optimal streptavidin-PE ratio was 1.2 μg of streptavidin-PE/1 × 106 RBCs. Posttransfusion lifespan of autologous RBCs was 99, 89, 66, and 59 days after storage for 0, 1, 14, and 28 days, respectively. Storage did not result in significant alterations in RBC lifespan. Mean posttransfusion RBC half-life was 50, 45, 33, and 29 days for 0, 1, 14, and 28 days of storage, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Biotin can be used to label equine RBCs for RBC survival studies. Posttransfusion survival of equine autologous RBCs was greater than previously reported.
In vitro comparison of two centrally threaded, positive-profile transfixation pin designs for use in third metacarpal bones in horses
Authors: Bubeck Kirstin A. , García-Lopez José M. , Jenei Thomas M. , Maranda Louise S.
Published: August 2010

Objective—To compare heat generation during insertion, pullout strength, and associated microdamage between a self-tapping positive profile transfixation pin (STTP) and nontapping positive profile transfixation pin (NTTP).

Sample Population—30 pairs of third metacarpal bones (MC3s) from adult equine cadavers.

Procedures—One MC3 of each pair was assigned to the STTP group; the other was assigned to the NTTP group. The assigned pin was inserted into the diaphysis in a lateral to medial direction. Bone temperature increase during pilot-hole drilling and pin insertion was recorded at 1 mm from the final thread position with wire thermocouples at cis and trans cortices. Resistance to axial extraction before and after cyclic loading was measured in a material testing device, and microstructural damage caused by transfixation pin insertion was assessed with scanning electron microscopy.

Results—The STTP group developed a significant increase in bone temperature, compared with the NTTP group. No significant difference was found between the mean maximal pullout strength of the STTP and the NTTP in both non–cyclic-loaded and cyclic-loaded groups. Microdamage to the bone-pin interface was lower when the STTP versus the NTTP was used, but more bone debris was apparent after inserting the STTP.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Because of the significant increase in temperature generation and debris accumulation despite similar pullout strengths and lesser microfracture formation, the STTP likely poses a higher risk of bone necrosis and potential loosening than the NTTP. This might be corrected by redesign of the tapping aspect of the STTP.
Efficacy of Mahapancha Gavya (MPG) in controlling damping-off in tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Hooda Indra , Karwasra SS
Published: August 2010

Maha Pancha Gavya (MPG), a concoction made from five cow products was tested for its toxicity against Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz. and its antagonists at 5, 10, 25, and 50% concentration in in vitro to find out if it can be used in integration for the control of damping-off in tomato in nursery beds. MPG was very effective inihibiting the growth of P. aphanidermatum. At the highest concentration, the growth of the pathogen was negligible. Isolates of Trichoderma viride, T harzianum, and T. virens were also sensitive to MPG at all the concentrations. Their radial growth decreased, but it was fluffy in nature and sporulated profusely. MPG was not toxic against two bacterial antagonists i.e., Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Soil application of 10% MPG to nursery beds improved seedling stand and gave upto 48.27% tlisease control, which was more than that given by individual antagonists. However, MPG improved disease control efficacy of all the antagonists when it was used in combination with them. Integrated treatment with MPG and B. subtilis gave maximum disease control (65.33%). MPG enhanced seedling growth and it was more in combination with T. viride and B. subtilis. MPG in integration with neem cake and neem leaf extract gave complete control of damping-off and maxium increase in height of the tomato seedlings. Keywords: Maha Panch Gavya (MPG); Trichoderma; Pythium aphanidermatum; integrated control; neem products; tomato; damping-off. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5862Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 11-16, March 2010
Forecasting of wheat production in Bangladesh
Authors: Karim Md Rezaul , Awal Md Abdul , Akter M
Published: August 2010

The present study was undertaken to find out appropriate model using seven contemporary model selection criteria that could best describe the growth pattern of wheat production in Bangladesh and its three major areas like Dmajpur, Rajshahi, and Rangpur districts during the time periods 1971-72 to 2004-05. It appeared from the study that the best fitted model for wheat production in Bangladesh, Dinajpur, Rajshahi, and Rangpur were quadratic, linear, and cubic model. It means that the assumption of constant annual rate of growth in percent that lies behind the use of exponential/compound model which is very common in describing growth pattern was not true for the growth pattern of wheat production in Bangladesh. In Dinajpur District, linear model seemed to be appropriate. Five-years’ forecasts of wheat production in Bangladesh, Dinajpur, Rajshahi, and Rangpur districts in the year 2005/06 were 1.55, 0.31, 0.24, and 0.37 million tons, respectively, with a 95 percent confidence interval. The analysis found that if the present growth rates continue then the wheat production in Bangladesh, and Dinajpur, Rajshahi, and Rangpur districts would be 1.54, 0.35, 0.31, and 0.59 million tons, respectively, in the year 2009/10. Keywords: Forecasting; wheat production in Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5863Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 17-28, March 2010
Estimate of genetic diversity in snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina)
Authors: Khatun M , Rabbant MG , Rahman EHMS
Published: August 2010

The present investigation was conducted at the field and laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from April 2004 to September 2004 to study the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity of 38 snake gourd genotypes collected from different regions of the country. Based on D2 analysis, the genotypes were grouped into four different clusters, where the cluster I possessed maximum number (21) of genotypes followed by the cluster 11(8), III (7), and IV (2). Clustering pattern revealed that geographical diversity was not associated with genetic diversity i.e., genotypes collected from same location were grouped into different clusters. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between the clusters III and IV and that of minimum in between the clusters I and II. In case of intra-cluster distance, the maximum distance was observed in the cluster IV and that of minimum was observed in the cluster III. Considering cluster mean, the genotypes of cluster IV could be selected for yield per plant and other yield contributing characters. Keywords: Cluster; D2 analysis; genetic diversity; snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina). DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5870Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 95-100, March 2010
In vitro culture of pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.)
Authors: Malek MA , Khanam D , Khatun M , Molla MH , Mannan MA
Published: August 2010

An experiment was conducted to study the in vitro culture of pointed gourd. Cotyledon rescued from physiologically matured seeds (PMS) and immatured seeds (IMS) of pointed gourd were used as explants. Cotyledon excised from PMS responded very well in all culture conditions. Plant regenerated from cotyledon of PMS ranged from 38 to 96% in different hormonal formulations of culture media. Highest percentage of shoot regeneration was observed in MS + 1.0 mg/l BAP and lowest in MS + 2.5 mg/l BAP. No plant regeneration was observed in cotyledon from immatured seeds. The highest percentage of root induction (99%) was achieved in half MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA. The regenerated plantlets were successfully established in earthen pot. Keywords: Cotyledon; in vitro; pointed gourd. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5874Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 135-142, March 2010
Effect of harvesting time on yield and yield attributes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Khatun A , Bhuiyan MAH , Nessa A , Hossain SM Bayazied
Published: August 2010

Field experiments were carried out during 2004-2006 at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Farm in Grey Terrace Soils, Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ 28), Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh to determine the effects of harvesting time on yield and yield attributes of chickpea. Chickpea seeds of three varieties viz., BARI Chola-5, BARI Chola-6, and BARI Chola-8 were collected at three times viz., i) when the pods were yellowish with a few yellow greens (H1 stage), ii) when most of the pods were light brown with a few yellow (H2 stage), and iii) when all the pods were completely brown and dry (H3 stage). All the seeds were stored in earthen pot until conducting the field study. Significant variation was not observed in three varieties of chickpea for most of the parameters studied. The highest pods/plant, seeds/pod, and seed yield were observed in BARI Chola-5 and the lowest in BARI Chola-8. Seeds collected at the stage when most of the pods were light brown with a few yellow (H2 stage) recorded the highest pods/plant, seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. The highest seed yield was recorded from BARI Chola-5 when seeds were collected at H2 stage. Keywords: Chickpea; harvesting time; yield; yield attributes. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5875Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 143-148, March 2010
Development of an integrated management approach for pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on chickpea
Authors: Hossain Md Altaf , Haque Md Azizul , Ahmad Masum , Prodhan MZH
Published: August 2010

An experiment was conducted to develop an 1PM approach for the management of pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea field. Out of seven modules studied, module 5 consisting of sequential first spray with Helicoverpa nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (HNPV) @ 500 LE/ha and second spray after seven days interval with Cypermethrin @ 1 ml/ litre gave the best protection with the lowest pod borer damage (4.62%) and provided the highest yield (2096 kg/ha) and maximum net return (Tk. 43746/ha) followed by module 3 where only RNPV was sprayed twice. But the most economic module for pod borer management was M2 where chickpea intercropped with mustard was sown on 15 November. For best protection against pod borer, the most effective 1PM module was chickpea sown on 15 November and first spraying with HNPV @ 500 LE/ha just at 100% plant pod formation stage and second spray after 7 days with Cermethrin @ 1 ml/L, ensuring higher yield and return. Keywords: Integrated management; pod borer; chickpea. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5882Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 201-206, June 2010
Influence of seed rate and method of sowing on the performance of Bilatidhonia (Eryngium foetidum L.)
Authors: Mozumder SN , Moniruzzaman M , Rahman SMM , Sarker PC , Faisal SM
Published: August 2010

A field experiment was conducted at ARS, Raikhali, Rangamati during October, 2003 to July 2005 to determine the optimum spacing and seed rate to maximize yield and profitability of Bilatidhonia (Eryngium foetidum L.). A factorial randomized complete block design was followed consisting four methods of sowing (D1 = broadcast, D2 = line sowing (10 cm), D3 = line sowing (15 cm), and D4 = line sowing (20 cm) and three levels of seed rate viz., S1 = 20, S2 = 30, and S3 = 40 kg/ha. Broadcasting and closer spacing (10 cm) with 40 kg seeds/ha showed better performance in respect of yield, yield attributes and profitability. The maximum number of plants/rn2 (590), fresh yield (46.89 t/ha), gross return (Tk. 1031 thousand), gross margin (Tk. 858.1 thousand/ha) and benefit cost ratio (5.32) were obtained from broadcast method of sowing with 40 kg-seed/ha.Keywords: Seed rate and method of sowing; Eryngium foetidum.  DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5885Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 227-234, June 2010
Efficacy of muriate of potash and foliar spray with fungtcides to control red rust disease (Cephaleurous parasiticus) of tea
Authors: Huq M , Ali M , Islam MS
Published: August 2010

An experiment was conducted to find out the efficacy of muriate of potash applied as a potash fertilizer and foliar spray with Bordeaux mixture + Cupraneb 224 kg/ha, Copper Hydroxide@ 2.24 kg/ha and Carbcndazim @ 750 g /ha to control red rust disease (Cephaleuros parasiticus) of tea. All treatments with fungicides and application of MP caused reduction in severity of red rust and gave increase in yield of made tea over the control, where any fungicide or MP was not applied. The tea yield was negatively and nearly correlated with severity of red rust disease. The most effective treatment was application of the potash fertilizer (MP), which was followed by foliar spray with Copper Hydroxide and Carbendazim. Keywords: Muriate of potash; foliar spray with fungicides; red rust disease. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5890Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 273-277, June 2010
Effect of mild strain on severity of PRSV-W infection
Authors: Rahman MF , Akanda MA , Sarkar MZA
Published: August 2010

Studies were conducted to develop mild/avirulent strain of PRSV-W using nitrous acid, sodium azide and UV-radiation for the mutagenic treatments. Among the three mutagens’ sodium azide at 3%, 4%, and 5%, and nitrous acid at 0.1M and 0.125M were proved to be effective in producing mild/avirulent strains of PRSV-W, while UV-radiation was proved to be ineffective. Evaluation on the effectivity of mild/avirulent strains in net house in protecting severe strain of PRSV-W proved that the efficiency of mild/avirulent strain to protect the severe strain of the virus was dependent upon the time gap between the mild strain inoculation and challenge inoculation. The challenge inoculation with the severe strain of PRSV-W after 12 days of mild strain inoculation could confer the cross-protection in about 64% pumpkin plants upto 40 days. The presence of mild/avirulent strains of PRSV-W in the asymptomatic plants challenged with severe strain of PRSV-W was tested by mechanical inoculation of Chenopodium amaranticolor to observe the development of characteristic local lesions of PRSV-W. Keywords: PRSV; cross protection. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5891Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 279-285, June 2010
Molecular characterization of onion (Allium cepa) using RAPD markers
Authors: Maniruzzaman M , Haque ME , Haque MM , Sayem MA , Al-Amin M
Published: August 2010

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based approach, namely random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to l0 varieties of onion (Allium cepa) in order to assess the degree of polymorphism within the genes and to investigate if this approach was suitable for genetic studies of onion. For this study, ten cultivars of onion were evaluated for variability using a set of 15 random l0-mer primers. The polymorphisms in PCR amplification products were subjected to the unweighed pair group method for arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and plotted in a phenogram. The dendogram constructed from the similarity data showed that all the cultivars analyzed were related. Among them, 12 of the primers revealed scorable (168 bands) polymorphisms between cultivars of A. cepa and the rest did not show polymorphism in their genetic level. In this study, it was found that Bermis and India-2 were more dissimilar and on the other hand, Faridpuri and Bhati were the most similar in their genetic level. Keywords: RAPD; onion; genetic diversity; polymorphism. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5894Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 313-322, June 2010
Effect of irrigation on the growth and yield of (Daucus carota ssp. sativus) carrot in hill valley
Authors: Alam MS , Mallik SA , Costa DJ , Alam MS , Alam A
Published: August 2010

Experiments were conducted at Hill Agricultural Research Station, Khagrachari during the period from November to February in 2005-06 and 2006-07 to determine the appropriate irrigation schedule for carrot production in hill valley. The experiment consisted of five treatments of irrigation after plant established viz. No irrigation (I0), irrigation at 1W: CPE of 0.6 (I1), irrigation at 1W: CPE of 0.8 (12), irrigation at 1W: CPE of 1.0 (I3) and irrigation at 1W: CPE of 1.2 (I4). The amount of irrigation water (IW) was fixed at 4 cm. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 3 replications. The treatments significantly influenced the growth, yield contributing characters and yield of carrot. Among the treatments, irrigation at IW: CPE of 1.2 gave the maximum yield (51.47 t/ha) which received 4 irrigations after plant stand with applied total irrigation water of 16 cm resulting in the highest net return of Tk. 120,443 with the highest BCR of 2.41. It also produced carrot at the lowest production cost of Tk. 1.66 per kg. Irrigation water use efficiency was obtained 1705.63 kg/ha/cm by this treatment. Keywords: Irrigation; growth; yield; carrot. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5895Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 323-329, June 2010
In vitro shoot regeneration through anther culture of Brassica spp.
Authors: Sayem MA , Maniruzzaman M , Siddique SS , Al-Amin M
Published: August 2010

The experiment was conducted to investigate the performance of three different genotypes (BARI Sarisha-6, BARI Sarisha-8, and BARI Sarisha-11) in two different media viz., MS and B5 with different concentrations of phytohormone (2, 4-D) for callus induction from uninucleate stage anthers of Brassica and subsequent plant regeneration in MS media with different concentrations of phytohormone (BAP and NAA). Among the genotypes, BARI Sarisha-8 showed the best performance for all the parameters of callus induction. The performance of BARI Sarisha-6 was poor compared to others. Maximum rate of callus induction (%) was observed in MS + 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D followed by B5 + 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D. The media combination MS + 1.0 mg/L BAP 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D showed the best performance for maintenance of calli. Significant variations were observed among the genotypes and media composition for shoot regeneration. Among the genotypes, BARI Sarisha-8 showed the best performance for shoot regeneration followed by BARJ Sarisha-l1. The genotype BARI Sarisha-8 produced higher percent of shoots/calli and required minimum days for shoot initiation. Higher percent calli without shoot were produced by the genotype BARI Sarisha-6. The media combination MS + 2.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L NAA showed the best performance for shoot regeneration and required maximum days for shoot initiation. Keywords: Regeneration; BARI Sarisha-6; BARI Sarisha-8; BARI Sarisha-11; anther culture; phytohormone  DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5896Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 331-341, June 2010
Comparative study on yield and yield attributes of hybrid, inbred, and NPT rice genotypes in a tropical irrigated ecosystem
Authors: Islam M Sirajul , Peng Shaobing , Visperas Romeo M , Bhuiya M Sultan Uddin , Hossain SM Altaf , Julfiquar AW
Published: August 2010

Yield potential of 16 rice genotypes including 12 hybrids, 3 inbreds, and I new plant type (NPT), were studied at the International Rice Research Institute farm under optimum crop management to achieve maximum attainable yields during the wet season (WS) of 2004 and dry season (DS) of 2005. Yield and yield components were determined at maturity. 1R76712H produced the highest grain yield (7.7 t/ha) followed by 1R75217H and Magat (7.6 t/ha) in WS; in DS, 1R79118H produced the highest grain yield (9.17 t/ha) followed by 1R73855H (8.9 t/ha) and SL-8H (8.8 t/ha. The high yield of hybrid rice was due to high harvest index (0.50). Hybrid produced significantly higher productivity (80.2 kg/ha/day) than inbred in DS, but the difference was not significant in WS. Hybrid produced higher spikelets/panicle and 1000-grain weight than inbred rice. Spikelet filling percent was higher in inbred than hybrid rice. The NPT rice genotype had the lowest spikelet filling percent, but the highest 1000-grain weight across the season. Keywords: Yield; yield attributes; hybrid and inbred rice genotypes. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5897Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 343-353, June 2010
Molecular Characteristics of Kraft-AQ Pulping Lignin Fractionated by Sequential Organic Solvent Extraction
Authors: Wang Kun , Xu Feng , Sun Runcang
Published: August 2010

Kraft-AQ pulping lignin was sequentially fractionated by organic solvent extractions and the molecular properties of each fraction were characterized by chemical degradation, GPC, UV, FT-IR, 13C-NMR and thermal analysis. The average molecular weight and polydispersity of each lignin fraction increased with its hydrogen-bonding capacity (Hildebrand solubility parameter). In addition, the ratio of the non-condensed guaiacyl/syringyl units and the content of β-O-4 linkages increased with the increment of the lignin fractions extracted successively with hexane, diethylether, methylene chloride, methanol, and dioxane. Furthermore, the presence of the condensation reaction products was contributed to the higher thermal stability of the larger molecules.
Study of Cyclic Quaternary Ammonium Bromides by B3LYP Calculations, NMR and FTIR Spectroscopies
Authors: Brycki Bogumił , Szulc Adrianna , Kowalczyk Iwona
Published: August 2010

N,N-dioctyl-azepanium, -piperidinium and -pyrrolidinium bromides 1-3, have been obtained and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations have also been carried out. The optimized bond lengths, bond angles and torsion angles calculated by B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) approach have been presented. Both FTIR and Raman spectra of 1-3 are consistent with the calculated structures in the gas phase. The screening constants for 13C and 1H atoms have been calculated by the GIAO/B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) approach and analyzed. Linear correlations between the experimental 1H and 13C chemical shifts and the computed screening constants confirm the optimized geometry.
Synthesis, Identification and Anti-Cancer Activity of 1-(4-Methylpent-2-enyl)-2-(4-phenylbut-2-enyl)disulfane
Authors: Ji Chunxiao , Ren Fenglian , Xu Ming
Published: August 2010

In this study, we synthesized 1-(4-methylpent-2-enyl)-2-(4-phenylbut-2- enyl)disulfane using sodium sulfide, 1-bromine-4-methyl-2-amylene and 1-(4-bromine-2- butylene)benzene as raw materials. The yield rate of target product was 84%. The structure of the target product was confirmed by GC-MS, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The results of anti-cancer activity experiments showed that 1-(4-methylpent-2-enyl)-2-(4- phenylbut-2-enyl)disul-fane could significantly inhibit the proliferation, induce the apoptosis of CNE2 cells in a dose dependent manner, and could significantly enhance the activity of XIAP.
Borate Minerals and RNA Stability
Authors: Cossetti Cristina , Crestini Claudia , Saladino Raffaele , Mauro Ernesto Di
Published: August 2010

The abiotic origin of genetic polymers faces two major problems: a prebiotically plausible polymerization mechanism and the maintenance of their polymerized state outside a cellular environment. The stabilizing action of borate on ribose having been reported, we have explored the possibility that borate minerals stabilize RNA. We observe that borate itself does not stabilize RNA. The analysis of a large panel of minerals tested in various physical-chemical conditions shows that in general no protection on RNA backbone is exerted, with the interesting exception of ludwigite (Mg2Fe3+BO5). Stability is a fundamental property of nucleic polymers and borate is an abundant component of the planet, hence the prebiotic interest of this analysis.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: When Natural Friends Turn into Enemies—The Importance of CpG Motifs of Bacterial DNA in Intestinal Homeostasis and Chronic Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Obermeier Florian , Hofmann Claudia , Falk Werner
Published: August 2010

From numerous studies during the last years it became evident that bacteria and bacterial constituents play a decisive role both in the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis as well as in the development and perpetuation of chronic intestinal inflammation. In this review we focus on the role of bacterial DNA which is a potent immunomodulatory component of the bacterial flora. Bacterial DNA has been shown to be protective against experimental colitis. In contrast bacterial DNA essentially contributes to the perpetuation of an already established chronic intestinal inflammation in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)9-dependent manner. This dichotomic action may be explained by a different activation status of essential regulators of TLR signaling like Glycogen synthase kinase 3- (GSK3-) depending on the pre-activation status of the intestinal immune system. In this review we suggest that regulators of TLR signaling may be interesting therapeutic targets in IBD aiming at the restoration of intestinal immune homeostasis.
Organic Semiconductor Growth and Morphology Considerations for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Virkar Ajay A. , Mannsfeld Stefan , Bao Zhenan , Stingelin Natalie
Published: August 2010

Analogous to conventional inorganic semiconductors, the performance of organic semiconductors is directly related to their molecular packing, crystallinity, growth mode, and purity. In order to achieve the best possible performance, it is critical to understand how organic semiconductors nucleate and grow. Clever use of surface and dielectric modification chemistry can allow one to control the growth and morphology, which greatly influence the electrical properties of the organic transistor. In this Review, the nucleation and growth of organic semiconductors on dielectric surfaces is addressed. The first part of the Review concentrates on small‐molecule organic semiconductors. The role of deposition conditions on film formation is described. The modification of the dielectric interface using polymers or self‐assembled mono­layers and their effect on organic‐semiconductor growth and performance is also discussed. The goal of this Review is primarily to discuss the thin‐film formation of organic semiconducting species. The patterning of single crystals is discussed, while their nucleation and growth has been described elsewhere (see the Review by Liu et. al).1The second part of the Review focuses on polymeric semiconductors. The dependence of physico‐chemical properties, such as chain length (i.e., molecular weight) of the constituting macromolecule, and the influence of small molecular species on, e.g., melting temperature, as well as routes to induce order in such macromolecules, are described.
A Selective and Benign Synthesis of Functionalized Benzalacetones via Mizoroki–Heck Reaction Using Aryldiazonium Salts
Authors: Stern Therese , Rückbrod Sven , Czekelius Constantin , Donner Constanze , Brunner Heiko
Published: August 2010

Palladium‐catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck reactions were carried out in the presence of calcium carbonate in alcoholic solvents. Under these conditions an efficient preparation of functionalized benzalacetones was developed. The reactions were carried out at room temperature and aerobic conditions, giving the products within several minutes in up to 95% isolated yields. Furthermore, some kinetic investigations, mechanistic insights and considerations are presented.
The Origin of the High Enantioselectivity in Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of Unfunctionalized Olefins
Authors: Zheng Yiying , Zhang Jingping
Published: August 2010

The mechanism of the asymmetric Simmons–Smith cyclopropanation for unfunctionalized olefins was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The calculated results of model reactions showed that the coordinated Lewis acidic zinc halide ZnX2 (X=Cl, I) and/or halomethylzinc halide XZnCH2X in the catalyst play an important role in the enantioselectivity. The catalyst not only forms the ring with the substance in the reaction centre, but also establishes two steric repulsions that can lead to an explanation for the high enantioselectivity. Hence, these results highlight some important insights for the prerequisites of an effective catalyst and a proper substrate towards high enantioselectivity for this kind of reaction.
A Thiourea‐Oxazoline Library with Axial Chirality: Ligand Synthesis and Studies of the Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Bis(methoxycarbonylation) of Terminal Olefins
Authors: Gao Ying‐Xiang , Chang Le , Shi Hang , Liang Bo , Wongkhan Kittiya , Chaiyaveij Duangduan , Batsanov Andrei S. , Marder Todd B. , Li Chuang‐Chuang , Yang Zhen , Huang Yong
Published: August 2010

We report herein the synthesis of novel chiral S,N‐heterobidentate thiourea‐oxazoline ligands and their application to palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective bis(methoxycarbonylation)s of terminal olefins under mild conditions. Copper salts were found to play multiple roles in this reaction. Substituted 2‐phenylsuccinates were obtained in >90% yield and up to 84% ee under optimized conditions.
Catalytic, Asymmetric Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions of Pyrrole‐ and Furan‐Based Dienoxy Silanes: How the Diene Heteroatom Impacts Stereocontrol
Authors: Curti Claudio , Ranieri Beatrice , Battistini Lucia , Rassu Gloria , Zambrano Vincenzo , Pelosi Giorgio , Casiraghi Giovanni , Zanardi Franca
Published: August 2010

Denmark’s chiral bisphosphoramide/silicon tetrachloride system performs as an excellent Lewis base‐Lewis acid catalyst for the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction of pyrrole‐ and furan‐based dienoxy silanes with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes. This asymmetric methodology provides a powerful synthetic entry to a variety of δ‐hydroxylated γ‐butenolide‐type frameworks with high efficiency and valuable margins of regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity. Notably, the nature of the heteroatom within the vinylogous dienoxy silane donor heavily impacts the diastereocontrol, with syn‐configured aldol adducts emerging from pyrroles bearing electron‐withdrawing N‐protecting groups (Boc, Ts, and Cbz) and anti‐configured adducts prevailing when furan‐ or N‐alkyl/alkenylpyrrole donors are involved.
Well‐Defined Allylnickel Chloride/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene [(NHC)Ni(allyl)Cl] Complexes as Highly Active Precatalysts for CN and CS Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Iglesias María José , Prieto Auxiliadora , Nicasio M. Carmen
Published: August 2010

The room temperature Buchwald–Hartwig amination of heteroaromatic chlorides has been achieved using the sterically bulky allylnickel chloride/N‐heterocyclic carbene [(IPr)Ni(allyl)Cl] complex as a well‐defined precatalyst. Arylation of aromatic thiols, affording high yields of products under low catalyst loadings, has also been promoted with the same complex.
Asymmetric Ring Opening of Benzo‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptadienes with Cationic Rhodium Complexes
Authors: Preetz Angelika , Kohrt Christina , Drexler Hans‐Joachim , Torrens Antoni , Buschmann Helmut , Lopez Monica Garcia , Heller Detlef
Published: August 2010

The efficient design of stereochemically challenging ring systems by ring opening of heterobicyclic alkenes has become a very important reaction in the chemistry of CC and CX bond formation. By using the hitherto applied in situ technique for the generation of the μ2‐bridged, dimeric neutral rhodium complexes, however, the catalytically active species and its concentration remained unidentified. Furthermore, the reaction temperature is at least 80 °C. The application of cationic rhodium(I) solvate complexes (that no longer contain blocking diolefins) shows that a much greater activity and enantioselectivity for the synthesis of 1,2‐dihydro‐1‐naphthols can be reached than was described so far, even at ambient temperature. NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray analysis show that a product inhibition during the ring opening reaction takes place that is independent of the nucleophile.
Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Glycine Derivatives with N‐Tosylimines using Copper(I)/TF‐BiphamPhos Complex
Authors: Liang Gang , Tong Min‐Chao , Tao Haiyan , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: August 2010

The direct asymmetric Mannich reaction of glycine Schiff bases with N‐tosylimines has been developed with the tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate [Cu(CH3CN)4BF4]/TF‐BiphamPhos complex. This catalytic system performs well over a broad range of substrates, furnishing anti‐adducts of various α,β‐diamino acid esters in good yields with up to 94:6 diastereoselectivity and 97% enantioselectivity.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives Directly from Terminal Alkynes via Sequential Ruthenium(II) and Acid Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Min , Roisnel Thierry , Dixneuf Pierre H.
Published: August 2010

A convenient one‐pot synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted, 2,3,6‐trisubstituted, and 2,3,6,7‐tetrasubstituted quinoline analogues from terminal alkynes via sequential ruthenium(II) and para‐toluenesulfonic acid (p‐TSA) co‐catalyzed reactions is described. The catalytic process is shown to take place first via intermediate formation of an allyl ketone and then addition of an aniline derivative to the allyl ketone. The p‐TSA is a catalyst for both allyl ketone and quinoline synthetic steps. The method allowed us to synthesize a wide range of quinoline derivatives and introduce different substituents by employing various simple starting materials. The reaction allows the synthesis of halogen‐containing products.
Asymmetric Lithiation of Boron Trifluoride‐Activated Aminoferrocenes: An Experimental and Computational Investigation
Authors: Metallinos Costa , Zaifman Josh , Dudding Travis , Van Belle Lori , Taban Keivan
Published: August 2010

Tertiary aminoferrocenes complexed to boron trifluoride (BF3) are shown to undergo asymmetric lithiation with alkyllithiums in the presence of bulky chiral 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane ligands. This reaction represents the first BF3‐activated asymmetric lithiation of a prochiral aromatic amine and the first such transformation to be mediated by a chiral diamine other than (−)‐sparteine. The process provides rapid access to a broad range of enantiomerically enriched 2‐substituted‐1‐aminoferrocenes, including derivatives with uncommon substitution patterns that are of interest in catalysis. The enantioselectivity of the process is high enough (87:13 to 91:9 er) to allow for isolation of single enantiomers of several products after simple recrystallization as either the free aminoferrocenes or their ammonium fluoroborate salts. Both antipodes of the planar chiral 2‐substituted‐1‐aminoferrocene products are accessible, as confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of two compounds with opposite relative stereochemistry. Single‐point calculation of thirty‐two different transition states of the reaction at the M06‐2X/6‐311+g(2d,2p) level produced a computational model that correctly predicted both the sense and extent of chiral induction. Three factors appeared to play important roles in determining enantioinduction during lithiation of BF3‐complexed tertiary aminoferrocenes: (i) the maintenance of a highly organized eight‐membered ring transition state; (ii) the existence of a strong Li⋅⋅⋅F contact which placed the chiral diamine ligand in close proximity to the ferrocene substrate; (iii) the orientation of the sterically demanding N‐alkyl groups of the chiral diamine additives, either away or towards, the aminoferrocene and the alkyllithium. The model may serve as a predictive tool for the rational design of new ligands for this and related asymmetric lithiations.
Iridium‐Difluorphos‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2‐Alkyl‐ and 2‐Aryl‐Substituted Quinoxalines: A General and Efficient Route into Tetrahydroquinoxalines
Authors: Cartigny Damien , Nagano Takuto , Ayad Tahar , Genêt Jean‐Pierre , Ohshima Takashi , Mashima Kazushi , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie
Published: August 2010

A highly efficient and general iridium‐difluorphos‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of diverse 2‐alkyl‐ and 2‐aryl‐substituted quinoxalines into biologically and pharmaceutically relevant 2‐substituted‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoxaline units has been developed. High isolated yields and excellent enantioselectivities of up to 95% for 2‐alkyl‐substituted quinoxalines and of up to 94% for 2‐aryl‐substituted quinoxalines were obtained.