bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia de depresión posparto en el Hospital San Juan de Dios, Cali, Colombia. Septiembre-Diciembre, 2011
Authors: Cuero-Vidal Olga Lucía , Díaz-Marín Angélica María
Published: February 2020

Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de depresión posparto en mujeres atendidas en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de Cali (HSJD) en entre septiembre y diciembre de 2011, e identificar los factores relacionados con la enfermedad.Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado en una muestra consecutiva de 149 mujeres que tuvieron un recién nacido sin complicaciones, atendidas en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de Cali, Colombia, entre septiembre y diciembre 2011. Este es un hospital general privado de mediana complejidad del suroccidente colombiano. El diagnóstico de depresión se hizo mediante la aplicación de la Escala de Edimburgo para depresión posparto. Se midieron la edad, edad gestacional, estado marital, relación con el padre, nivel de ingresos, estrato socioeconómico, depresión previa, depresión en la familia e ingesta de alcohol. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y un análisis univariado y multivariado para determinar los factores relacionados con la enfermedad.Resultados: entre las 149 mujeres estudiadas se halló una prevalencia de depresión posparto del 46,3% (IC 95%: 38,1-54,7) según la escala de Edimburgo. Entre las mujeres con puntaje positivo el 21% (IC 95%: 9,3-52,4) habían tenido ideas suicidas en la última semana. Se identificó una relación del antecedente de depresión previa con la depresión posparto (OR = 2,43; IC 95%: 1,14-5,18).Conclusión: la prevalencia de depresión posparto fue alta en la población estudiada, las gestantes con antecedente de depresión tienen alto riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad y necesitaran evaluaciones adicionales y, eventualmente, tratamiento preventivo.
FEATURES OF THE IRAQI ECONOMY: COMPARTIVE STUDY TO SOME ECONOMIC ELEMENTS FOR THE YEARS (1990-1995-2000-2005-2010-2015-2019)
Authors: Fakhir Mstfa Rasool , Farhan Alaa Kadhim
Published: February 2020

Iraq is considered as a rich country with multiple natural resources, but wars and financial and political crises led to the destruction of the country's infrastructure and prevented the investment and distribution of those recourses in a fair and just ways, as Iraq is still suffering from unemployment, poverty and lack of essential services which have stopped the wheel of industry and agricultural lands receded significantly, so the country transformed into a consuming country depends only on neighboring countries and industrialized countries to secure its agricultural and industrial needs. The results of the study were shocking as the Iraqi government depends mainly on exporting of oil to cover its operational and investment expenses in more than (85%), and neglected the rest of the economic sectors. As for poverty, the percentage of those who fall below the poverty line (23%) as well as the unemployment rate that exceeded (23%). The country's debt has recently reached ($133) billion, and the latest reports by Transparency International organization considered Iraq as one of the worst (20) countries in terms of administrative and financial corruption.
Keywords: Iraqi economy, unemployment, poverty, investment, industry, oil exporting.
THE PROBLEM OF ADMINISTRATION OF THE BORDERLANDS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AT THE TURN OF THE 19-20TH CENTURIES IN THE TEACHING OF HISTORICAL AND LEGAL DISCIPLINES
Authors: Petukhov Alexander , Kozhina Tatyana
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes the approaches to the consideration of the imperial policy of Russia at the turn of the 19-20th centuries in the teaching of historical and legal disciplines in Russian universities. The authors state the discrepancy between the results of modern research on the Russian empire and the idea of the Russian empire as an ethnically homogeneous state that remains in the practice of teaching. Adjusting such an outdated view requires greater attention to the issues of heterogeneity of the Russian empire, its place among other empires at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the nature and typology of the Russian imperial borderlands and their relationship with the imperial center. Using the example of the Volga-Ural region, the authors consider the processes that took place at that imperial borderland of Russia at the turn of the 19-20th centuries, and its place in imperial politics. The Volga-Ural is characterized as the first imperial borderland of the Russian Empire, where a model of Russian imperial politics was formed. The central place in Russian imperial politics was played by the Christianization of the local population, which could be either violent or voluntary. The results of the imperial confessional policy were contradictory. The success of Christianization led to the beginning of the 20th century to the formation in the region of new identities among residents, who perceived themselves as Orthodox, but distinguished themselves from the ethnically Russian population. On the other hand, the opposition to Christianization by local Muslims contributed to the identity of the Volga-Ural Tatars, which was based on adherence to Islam. The article offers a number of specific recommendations for updating the teaching of historical and legal disciplines by introducing into their content issues of imperial control at the borderlands of Russia at the turn of the 19-20th centuries.
Keywords: Borderlands of the Russian Empire, teaching of historical and legal disciplines.
ANALYZING AMERICAN VALUES IN BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI)
Authors: Nurhasanah Siti , Napang Marthen , Rohman Syaiful
Published: February 2020

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was initiated by Xi Jinping after being elected as the president of China in 2012. BRI connects Asia, Africa, and Europe based on shared-destiny to created trade routes integrates main centers of economic vitality. This project gave benefit for all participating countries, such as providing help for poorer regions. Even China created a financial system that supports this project, called The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and The New Development Bank (NDB). China's efforts to expand its influence in the world are similar to US efforts in the 19th century, known as Manifest Destiny. Americans believed that the US is destined to expand the territories westward approaching Pacific Ocean and spreading democracy. This effort is also highly related to their belief that the US is a City upon a Hill. There was some belief that the US becomes a great country that leads other nations in the world. The focus of this paper is two American beliefs in the context of China's effort to increasing its economic and military power in the world by reactivating the Silk route. The author uses the concept of Tianxia as City upon a Hill and Manifest Destiny in Chinese version in analyzing China's measures to increase its strength on an international level. The author will further analyze how these beliefs being adopted by Chinese government in realizing its dream of regaining the glory of managing silk-road, making it the new silk-road.
Keywords: Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), New Silk Route, Manifest Destiny, City upon a Hill, Tianxia
THE QUEST FOR INDIVIDUALITY IN FARIBA VAFI’S MY BIRD
Authors: Bakhshayesh Elnaz Valaei , Ebrahimi Seyed Reza
Published: February 2020

One of the common themes in contemporary Persian literature in Iran is the psychological development of women and their challenges to find their path towards individuality. By applying Jungian “process of individuation,” Fariba Vafi’s novel My bird is analyzed to uncover the self- development of the female character. The motion of self-archetype is studied in relation to Jung’s theory of individuality to study how the female protagonist experiences this process of personality development. The motif of re-birth emerges at the end of the novel when the female heroine reaches a level of recognition of the changes occurring within her. Other archetypal motifs that appear in the novel are the house archetype, the shadow archetype, and the individuation archetype which are discussed as they are the main structuring elements in the formation of the theme of the novel. This research aims to study how the psychological development of the female protagonist, based on Jung’s archetypal theories, occurs.
Keywords: Jung’s archetypes, shadow archetype, house archetype, individuation archetype.
Full-Scale Physical Modeling of Stand-Alone Screens for Thermal Projects
Authors: Fattahpour Vahidoddin , Roostaei Morteza , Soroush Mohammad , Hosseini Seyed Abolhassan , Berner Kelly , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Al-hadhrami Ahmed , Ghalambor Ali
Published: February 2020

Standalone screens (SAS) have been widely employed as the main sand control solution in thermal projects in Western Canada. Most of the test protocols developed to evaluate screen designs were based on the scaled screen coupons. There have been discussions regarding the reliability of such tests on scaled coupons. This paper presents the results of the tests on full-scale wire-wrapped screen (WWS) and slotted liner coupons for typical McMurray Formation sands.

A large-scale sand control evaluation apparatus has been designed and built to accommodate all common SAS with 3 1/2″ in diameter and 12″ in height. The set-up provides the capability to have the radial measurement of the pressure across the sand pack and liner, for three-phase flow. We outline certain challenges in conducting full-scale testing such as establishing uniform radial flow and measuring the differential pressure. Produced sand is also measured during the test. The main outputs of the test are to assess the sand control performance and the mode of sanding in different flow direction, flow rates and flow regimes.

We were able to establish uniform radial flow in both high and low permeability sand packs. However, the establishment of the radial flow in sand packs with very high permeability was extremely challenging. The pressure measurement in different points in radial direction around the liner indicated a uniform radial flow. Results of the tests on a representative PSD from McMurray Formation on the WWS and slotted liner coupons with commonly used specs in the industry have shown similar sanding and flow performances. We also included aperture sizes smaller and larger than the common practice. Similar to the previous large-scale tests, narrower apertures are proven to be less resistant to plugging than wider slots for both WWS and slotted liner. Accumulation of the fines close to screen causes significant pore plugging, when conservative aperture sizes were used for both WWS and slotted liner. On the other hand, using the coupon with larger aperture size than the industry practice, resulted in excessive sanding. The experiments under linear flow seems more conservative as their results show higher produced sand and lower retained permeability, in comparison to the full scaled testing under radial flow.

This work discusses the significance, procedure, challenges and early results of full-scale physical modeling of SAS in thermal operation. It also provides an insight into the fluid flow, fines migration, clogging and bridging in the vicinity of sand screens.
Minimizing Calcium Lactate Precipitation Via the Addition of Gluconate Ions for Matrix Acidizing with Lactic Acid
Authors: Alhamad Luai , Miskimins Jennifer
Published: February 2020

Organic acids are commonly used to replace hydrochloric acid (HCl) in high reservoir temperature applications, as they are less corrosive and weaker than HCl. However, organic acids have shown some problems due to acid reaction product solubility. One such organic acid, lactic acid, produces calcium lactate when it reacts with calcite, which has a low solubility in water. However, reaction product solubility can be improved by up to five times when gluconate ions coexist with lactate and calcium ions. The objective of this research is to evaluate lactic and gluconic acid mixtures in term of dissolving calcite, reaction product, corrosion, wettability and generating dominant wormhole.

Lactic and gluconic acids were mixed together using deionized water and seawater to conduct calcite solubility tests. Corrosion tests, between 4 and 8 hours, were also run under reservoir conditions. Zeta potential measurements were performed to determine alterations in rock wettability. A formation response test (FRT) apparatus was used to run different coreflood tests using different combinations of injection rates and temperatures. These tests were accompanied with analytical results from ICP and IC to measure calcium, iron and sulfate ions in solution.

The results showed that mixing lactic and gluconic acids at a 1:1 molar ratio provided the optimal results as no precipitation occurred at total acids strengths of 10 wt% and up to 27 wt%. Seawater usage caused calcium sulfate precipitation; therefore, three scale inhibitors were evaluated to determine mitigation rates. Acid calcite-dissolving results were satisfactory when limestone was exposed to a 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratio of crushed core-to-acid ratios as at least 50% of the crushed core was dissolved. However, the two-acid mixture showed a corrosion rate that was higher than the acceptable rates and a trace of iron lactate precipitation occurred at 200 and 300°F. Five gpt from a sulfur-based corrosion inhibitor was enough to mitigate the corrosion rate to allow for eight hours of testing. Wettability alteration was noticeable due to the spent acid interaction with limestone rock and was the highest when high salinity seawater was used. Yet, the addition of corrosion inhibitor showed a reduction in the magnitude of zeta potential change. Coreflood tests showed that the mixture penetrated the tested core with minimal acid pore volume without any face dissolution or salt precipitation on the core faces.

This research presents a set of diverse experimental data to confirm lactic acid accompanied by gluconic acid can penetrate carbonate formation without any by-product precipitation. The two organic acids are less corrosive and less hazardous which can provide a safe operation environment and can decrease replacement and maintenance costs.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: A case report
Authors: Chardalias Leonidas , Gklavas Antonios , Sotirova Ira , Vlachou Erasmia , Kontis John , Papaconstantinou Ioannis
Published: February 2020

Background: CRS and HIPEC are established treatments for peritoneal carcinomatosis that prolong survival in carefully selected patients, considered to be a loco-regional disease. At the time of diagnosis 4-7% of patients have metastasis to the peritoneum. There is a lack of evidence in the literature if J-pouch can be applied simultaneously with HIPEC in order to improve quality of life of this patient group. Case presentation: We describe a rare case of a 41 year-old Caucasian male with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis which was diagnosed as metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver and peritoneum. He was treated with systemic chemotherapy followed by total proctocolectomy with a J-shaped IPAA, liver metastasectomy, right hemidiaphragm resection, CRS and HIPEC. This is the first reported case of J- Pouch formation along with HIPEC Conclusions: J-Pouch after CRS and HIPEC can be offered as a treatment as long as the patient is carefully being selected, in high experienced centers and the perioperative findings allow it.
Tracing the source of blaCTX-M-15 producing ST34 Salmonella typhimurium isolated from feces and wound secretion
Authors: Qin Haiyan , Guo Yidan , Li Yikun , Zheng Rui
Published: February 2020

Background Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection is common in food-borne diseases, isolating it from surgical incisions is rare. The aim of this study was to trace the transmission source of a surgical incision infected with Salmonella typhimurium in a Yunnan Province hospital patient and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Methods Primers were designed to amplify the drug resistant genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined using Etest. The identical macrorestriction profiles were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using XbaI. The two isolates were characterized using an agglutination test and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results The MLST analysis revealed that isolates SM043 and SM080 belonged to the same genotype ST34, and the PFGE revealed that SM043 and SM080 had high similarity. The two S. typhimurium strains SM043 and SM080 were resistant to third generation cephalosporins. SM043 harbored blaCTX-M-15 , blaTEM-1 , qnrS-1 , qnrB , and acc-3 resistance genes, while blaCTX-M-15 , blaTEM-1 , blaCMY-2 , qnrS-1 , and acc-3 were detected in SM080. Conclusions The source of the surgical incision infection by S. typhimurium may be a hospital-derived transmission. Thus, it is critical to strengthen hospital sanitation by addressing hand hygiene and sterilization of the overall operational environment to avoid outbreaks of Salmonella nosocomial infections.
O saber profissional do professor que ensina matemática
Authors: Lima Ramos Giusti Bruna , Rodrigues Valente Wagner
Published: February 2020

O texto analisa um caderno de normalista elaborado na década de 1950, junto do estudo de um manual pedagógico de referência na formação de professores. A questão norteadora é dada por: Que apropriações são realizadas dos manuais, que referenciam cursos de formação, incorporadas no texto do caderno de normalista, de modo a constituírem elementos de um saber profissional do professor para ensinar aritmética nos primeiros anos escolares? Na análise, utilizam-se ferramentas teórico-metodológicas integrantes de estudos sobre o saber profissional do professor, bem como estudos vindos da História Cultural. São mobilizadas categorias como matemática a ensinar e matemática para ensinar. Os resultados apontam para elementos do saber profissional do professor que ensina matemática, presentes no caderno, e que estão ligados a uma pedagogia da matemática, entendida como conjunto de orientações amplas aos professores. A partir dessa formação, o futuro docente, em sua prática pedagógica, deveria elaborar saberes para aplicá-los aos conteúdos de ensino da aritmética.
Cancer Diagnosis and Disease Gene Identification via Statistical Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Liuyuan , Li Juntao , Chang Mingming
Published: February 2020

Diagnosing cancer and identifying the disease gene by using DNA microarray gene expression data are the hot topics in current bioinformatics. This paper is devoted to the latest development in cancer diagnosis and gene selection via statistical machine learning. A support vector machine is firstly introduced for the binary cancer diagnosis. Then, 1-norm support vector machine, doubly regularized support vector machine, adaptive huberized support vector machine and other extensions are presented to improve the performance of gene selection. Lasso, elastic net, partly adaptive elastic net, group lasso, sparse group lasso, adaptive sparse group lasso and other sparse regression methods are also introduced for performing simultaneous binary cancer classification and gene selection. In addition to introducing three strategies for reducing multiclass to binary, methods of directly considering all classes of data in a learning model (multi_class support vector, sparse multinomial regression, adaptive multinomial regression and so on) are presented for performing multiple cancer diagnosis. Limitations and promising directions are also discussed.
Reseña. Alberto Mayor y Carlos Zambrano. Economistas antiguos y modernos, gigantes y enanos y su enseñanza en Colombia. Entre la formalización matemática y la pérdida teórica: el manual de economía en las primeras facultades universitarias, 1945-1980.
Authors: Villamizar Juan Carlos
Published: February 2020

El libro de los profesores Alberto Mayor y Carlos Zambrano trata de la formación de los economistas colombianos en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, la Universidad de Antioquia, la Universidad de los Andes y la Universidad del Valle en el siglo XX. El escrito revela con lujo de detalle las fuentes principales de las que se ha nutrido el economista en Colombia, las cuales, discurren desde los manuales de texto hasta las obras de los teóricos del campo económico. La investigación arroja que los manuales han predominado sobre las obras teóricas. El libro se divide en cinco capítulos, una introducción y un epílogo.
Historia del ordenamiento urbano de Valledupar
Authors: Bonet Morón Jaime , Ricciulli Marín Diana Carolina
Published: February 2020

Los estudios de caso sobre desarrollo urbano en Colombia se han concentrado en dos de las ciudades más pobladas: Bogotá y Medellín (Castrillón & Cardona, 2014; Beuf, 2012). Mientras tanto, el éxito en la planificación de otras ciudades con menor población ha sido menos visible. El objetivo de este documento es reconstruir las diferentes etapas de la planificación urbana en Valledupar utilizando cartografía, archivos históricos, periódicos, entrevistas, documentos e imágenes. El periodo analizado corresponde a la segunda mitad del siglo XX. En su conjunto, la experiencia de Valledupar señala la importancia de formular y hacer cumplir los planes de desarrollo urbano. Igualmente, destaca el fortalecimiento institucional como un aspecto clave para el progreso local.
The Impact of Electronic Health Records on the Duration of Patients’ Visits: Time and Motion Study
Authors: Jabour Abdulrahman Mohammed
Published: February 2020

Background

Despite the many benefits of electronic health records (EHRs), studies have reported that EHR implementation could create unintended changes in the workflow if not studied and designed properly. These changes may impact the time patients spend on the various steps of their visits, such as the time spent in the waiting area and the time spent with a physician. The amount of time patients spend in the waiting area before consultation is often a strong predictor of patient satisfaction, willingness to come back for a return visit, and overall experience. The majority of prior studies that examined the impact of EHR systems on time focused on single aspects of patient visits or user (physicians or nurses) activities. The impact of EHR use on patients’ time spent during the different aspects of the visit is rarely investigated.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of EHR systems on the amount of time spent by patients on different tasks during their visit to primary health care (PHC) centers.

Methods

A time and motion observational study was conducted at 4 PHC centers. The PHC centers were selected using stratified randomized sampling. Of the 4 PHC centers, 2 used an EHR system and 2 used a paper-based system. Each group had 1 center in a metropolitan area and another in a rural area. In addition, a longitudinal observation was conducted at one of the PHC centers after 1 year and again after 2 years of implementation. The analysis included descriptive statistics and group comparisons.

Results

The results showed no significant difference in the amount of time spent by patients in the reception area (P=.26), in the waiting area (P=.57), consultation time (P=.08), and at the pharmacy (P=.28) between the EHR and paper based groups. However, there was a significant difference (P<.001) in the amount of time spent on all tasks between the PHC centers located in metropolitan and rural areas. The longitudinal observation also showed reduction in the registration time (from 5.5 [SD 3.5] min to 0.9 [SD 0.5] min), which could be attributed to the introduction of a Web-based booking system.

Conclusions

The variation in the time patients spend at PHC centers is more likely to be attributed to the facility location than EHR use. The changes in the introduction of new tools and functions, however, such as the Web-based booking system, can impact the duration of patients’ visits.
Potential Benefits of Multimedia-Based Home Catheter Management Education in Patients With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Malale Kija , Fu Jili , Nelson William , Gemuhay Helena Marco , Gan Xiuni , Mei Zhechuan
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

In recent years, there have been many suggestions to use multimedia as a strategy to fully meet the educational needs of patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. However, the potential benefits remain unreliable in the literature.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we identified the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters and discussed the clinical implications.

METHODS

We performed systematic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase Ovid, Medline, BioMed Central-cancer (BMC-cancer), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases without date constraints until November 30, 2019. The methodological quality of the eligible studies was appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Narrative synthesis of the study findings was conducted.

RESULTS

A total of 6 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 3 case-control studies/quasi-experimental studies. The studies included a total of 355 subjects, including a total of 175 in the multimedia groups and 180 in the control groups. We identified 4 potential benefits to patients: (1) improved knowledge, (2) increased satisfaction, (3) reduced incidence of catheter-related complications, and (4) reduced number of cases of delayed care after complications.

CONCLUSIONS

The current systematic review highlights the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education for patients with peripherally inserted central catheters.
Screening for CKD To Improve Processes of Care among Nondiabetic Veterans with Hypertension
Authors: Peralta Carmen A. , Frigaard Martin , Rolon Leticia , Seal Karen , Tuot Delphine , Senyak Josh , Lo Lowell , Powe Neil , Scherzer Rebecca , Chao Shirley , Chiao Phillip , Lui Kimberly , Shlipak Michael G. , Rubinsky Anna D.
Published: February 2020

Background and objectives

We conducted a pilot, pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial to evaluate feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of screening for CKD using a triple-marker approach (creatinine, cystatin C, and albumin/creatinine ratio), followed by education and guidance, to improve care of hypertensive veterans in primary care. We used the electronic health record for identification, enrollment, intervention delivery, and outcome ascertainment.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We randomized 1819 veterans without diabetes but with hypertension (41 clusters) into three arms: (1) CKD screening followed by patient and provider education; (2) screening, education, plus pharmacist comanagement; or (3) usual care. The primary clinical outcome was BP change over 1 year. Implementation and process measures included proportion screened; CKD detection rate; and total and new use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and diuretics.

Results

Median age was 68 years, 55% were white, 1658 (91%) had a prior creatinine measure, but only 172 (9%) had prior urine albumin/creatinine ratio, and 83 (5%) had a prior cystatin C measure. Among those in the intervention, 527 of 1215 (43%) were identified with upcoming appointments to have CKD screening. Of these, 367 (69%) completed testing. Among those tested, 77 (21%) persons had newly diagnosed CKD. After 1 year, change in systolic BP was −1 mm Hg (interquartile range, −11 to 11) in usual care, −2 mm Hg (−11 to 11) in the screen-educate arm, and −2 mm Hg (−13 to 10) in the screen-educate plus pharmacist arm; P=0.49. There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes in intention-to-treat analyses. In as-treated analyses, higher proportions of participants in the intervention arms initiated a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (15% and 12% versus 7% in usual care, P=0.01) or diuretic (9% and 12% versus 4%, P=0.03).

Conclusions

The pragmatic design made identification, enrollment, and intervention delivery highly efficient. The limited ability to identify appointments resulted in inadequate between-arm differences in CKD testing rates to determine whether screening improves clinical outcomes.
GIS mapping to solve environment education tasks: interactive map of vegetation “Along the Doppelmair’s trail”
Authors: Myadzelets A.V. , Luzhkova N.M.
Published: February 2020

Environmental education is an important function of Protected Areas among them nature reserves. It includes development of visible and available materials on tours and routes, on geographical and environmental features of a territory, and on unique species of flora and fauna. Interactive map of vegetation “Along Doppelmair’s trail” is an example of scientific information visualization. It was made for a distant and restricted core area in Barguzinsky Nature Reserve. We applied traditional geographical approaches and methods (field research, geobotanical descriptions) and modern GIS technologies (creation of unit database on landscape foundation, satellite image interpretation, infogram visualization) to create the map. As a result a GIS product is created with ArcMAP and located on the ArcGIS Online platform. This map shows characteristic vegetation types, succession stages of pyrogenic dynamics of forest geosystems formed during a century period. Infograms demonstrate information on sites with wild animal encounters, vegetation distribution, landscape features, and photographical materials. This interactive map is a way for environment protection popularization and solving some educational tasks for Protected Areas. It gives an opportunity to study changes in vegetation from Lake Baikal shoreline to mountain peaks of Bаrguzinskii Range, learn typical flora and fauna species, including endangered ones, find interesting historical facts about the reserve, and, thus, get an idea of uniqueness and fragility of nature and the importance of protection attempts.
Inclusivity for visualization education: a brief History, investigation, and guidelines
Authors: Firat Elif E. , Laramee Robert S.
Published: February 2020

Diversity and inclusion are currently very trendy themes in higher education in science, mainstream culture, and the visualization community. However, the study of diversity with respect to spatial cognition has a long and rich research history extending far beyond the birth of the visualization community. In this brief study, we present a short historical overview of research on the topic of gender diversity and spatial cognition that dates back to the 1940s. We follow this with a small investigation of gender bias in our own data visualization classroom for university students studying computer science. Finally, we round this overview up, with concise recommendations on how to make the visualization classroom more inclusive to support diversity. We believe this educational paper provides a convenient introduction and overview to the topic of diversity in the visualization classroom.
PERANCANGAN KUNCI ELEKTRIK DENGAN ENKRIPSI MELALUI BLUETOOTH PADA PONSEL
Authors: Nantan Audi , Alaydrus Mudrik
Published: February 2020

Saat ini fasilitas yang disediakan oleh ponsel sangat beragam. Mulai dari telepon, SMS, kamera, music player, semuanya dijadikan satu. Tentunya ponsel juga dapat dijadikan sebagai kunci elektrik menggantikan kunci analog yang ada saat ini. Biasanya untuk membuka sebuah kunci pintu seseorang harus menggunakan sebuah anak kunci, jadi untuk mengakses banyak pintu harus memiliki banyak anak kunci yang berbeda-beda. Namun jika ponsel dijadikan sebagai kunci elektrik yang menerapkan access control tentunya semua anak kunci tersebut tidak dibutuhkan lagi, cukup dengan satu ponsel dapat membuka banyak kunci.Kata kunci : kunci elektrik, enkripsi, Bluetooth
RETROFIT SISTEM KONTROL MESIN PRESS DUST COVER DI LINE PRODUKSI MANUFAKTUR BERBASIS PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
Authors: Ardi Syahril , Rediyanto Rediyanto
Published: February 2020

Mesin press dust cover merupakan salah satu mesin yang terdapat pada line produksi manufaktur yang berfungsi untuk menggabungkan komponen flange dengan komponen dust cover atau dapat disebut juga dengan companion flange. Kondisi mesin yang telah lama beroperasi menyebabkan mesin sering mengalami kerusakan,yaitu rata-rata kerusakan mencapai dua kali setiap bulan pada bulan Juni sampai November 2012. Hal ini disebabkan karena kondisi panel mesin yang tidak rapi dan sistem kontrol yang tidak standard. Seperti standard penggunaan warna dan ukuran kabel dan peletakan komponen elektrik. Selain itu tidak adanya buku manual operational mesin pada pihak maintenance. Proses perbaikan mesin yang dilakukan membutuhkan waktu cukup lama yaitu rata-rata diatas 10 menit, sehingga kondisi ini dapat menggangu proses produksi yang berlangsung. Untuk menanggulangi masalah tersebut maka dilakukan pergantian sistem kontrol mesin sesuai dengan standard dan kebutuhan perusahaan. Standard dan kebutuhan tersebut meliputi penggunaan kabel dan komponen-komponen lainnya serta menggunakan PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) pada sistem kontrolnya. PLC yang digunakan yaitu PLC mitsubishi FX1N-40MR. Hasil dari pergantian sistem kontrol yang dilakukan yaitu dapat mengurangi intensitas kerusakan mesin yang sebelumnya rata-rata kerusakan mencapai dua kali setiap bulan menjadi tidak pernah mengalami kerusakan selama periode pengujian bulan Januari sampai Mei 2013 dan sistem kontrol yang baru telah memenuhi standard perusahaan seperti penggunaan kabel dan peletakan komponen. Selain itu mesin ini selanjutnya dilengkapi dengan buku manual operation yang digunakan untuk mempermudah perawatan dan perbaikan mesin oleh maintenance.Kata Kunci : Retrofit, mesin press dust cover, Sistem Kontrol, PLC
ANALISA PENGARUH ARUS PENGELASAN SMAW PADA MATERIAL BAJA KARBON RENDAH TERHADAP KEKUATAN MATERIAL HASIL SAMBUNGAN
Authors: Hamid Abdul
Published: February 2020

Pengelasan  menurut  DIN  (Deutsche  Industrie  Norman)  adalah  ikatan metalurgi pada sambungan logam atau logam paduan yang dilaksanakan dalam keadaan lumer atau cair. Dengan kata lain, pengelasan merupakan penyambungan dua buah logam menjadi  satu  dilakukan  dengan  jalan  pemanasan  atau  pelumeran,  dimana  kedua  ujung logam  yang  akan  disambung  dibuat  meleleh  dengan  busur  menyala  atau  panas  yang didapatkan  dari  busur  nyala  listrik  (gas  pembakar).  Dalam  penelitian  ini  dilakukan pemakaian  arus  yang  berbeda  pada  tiap  spesimen,  material  yang  digunakan  S355JO, eletroda  E7018-1  diameter  2,6mm  posisi  pengelasan  mendaki(vertical),arus  yang digunakan  70A,  75A,  80A.  dalam  pelaksanaan  pengelasan  menggunakan  metode pengelasan SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Weldin). Kemudian diambil nilai impak metode Charpy pada daerah logam las dan nilai kekerasan metode Vickers didaerah logam induk, HAZ,  dan  logam  las.  Dari  hasil  penelitian impak  metode  Charpy,  nilai  arus  pengelasan 80A  lebih  tinggi  dari  pada  arus  pengelasan  70A  dan  75A.  Sedangkan  angka  kekerasan arus pengelasan 70A mendapatkan kekerasan yang lebih tinggi dari arus pengelasan 75A dan 80A.Kata kunci :Interpolasi, SMAW, E7018-1, Vickers, Charpys
ДИСКУСІЯ ЯК МЕТОД НАВЧАННЯ ТА ВИХОВАННЯ НА УРОКАХ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ В НОВІЙ УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ШКОЛІ
Authors: ЛУЦІВ Світлана
Published: February 2020

У статті визначено умови використання дискусії як методу навчання та виховання на уроках української мови у Новій українській школі; з’ясовано, що дискусія є важливим методом розвитку розумової діяльності молодших школярів, розвитку у них бажання вчитися та самореалізовуватися; доведено, що дискусія як метод навчання та виховання на початковій школі допомагає виявити різні погляди на певну проблему, або суперечне питання, вона залучає молодших школярів до активної співпраці на уроці, впливає на розвиток пізнавальних інтересів школярів, забезпечує збагачення лексичного запасу учнів, який необхідний для висловлювання думок як в усному, так і в писемному мовленні; уроки, на яких використовується метод дискусії, вчать учнів спілкуватися між собою.
НОМЕНИ ТВАРИН ВОДНОГО ПРОСТОРУ В СХІДНОСЛОВ’ЯНСЬКИХ ФРАЗЕОСИСТЕМАХ
Authors: ФІЛЬ Галина
Published: February 2020

У статті схарактеризовано фразеологічні одиниці української, російської та білоруської мов з компонентами-назвами на позначення тварин водного простору, репрезентованих у сучасних фразеологічних словниках досліджуваних мов; з’ясовано, що фразеологія східнослов’янських мов фіксує такі назви тварин водного простору, як рак, риба, жаба, черепаха, п’явка; в результаті міжмовного зіставлення фразеосистем обстежуваних мов виокремлено як одиничні, індивідуальні, так і загальні ознаки.
Sui Generis Intellectual Property Law Reform: Issues for Australia
Authors: Richardson Megan
Published: February 2020

This article begins by describing the current range of intellectual property rights in Australia (statutory and common law/equity), then canvasses recent reforms that seek to address some of the problems raised by new innovation practices. A particular focus of the article is the piecemeal nature of the law reform process which continues to treat the law in this area in a highly compartmentalised fashion. Some tentative proposals for improvement are made at the end.
Foreword (to Issue 1)
Authors: Gault T M
Published: February 2020

This article serves as the foreword to this special issue of the Victoria University of Wellington Law Review dedicated to intellectual property law. Gault J (as he was then) states that New Zealand's intellectual property law has only been subject to academic analysis in recent years, and stresses the need for change and development.
Taking Youth Suicide Seriously: Disclosure of Information between School, Family and Health Professionals in New Zealand
Authors: Stewart James G
Published: February 2020

This paper investigates the law’s impact on disclosures of information between family, school and health professional in curbing the tragedy of youth suicide in New Zealand. The application of general privacy and confidentiality law is considered within the context of the recommended best practice espoused by the state lead New Zealand Youth Suicide Prevention Strategy. The paper concludes that the complexity and at times incoherence of current law has failed to define standards upon which disclosure decisions could be based. As such, the legal obligations of privacy and confidentiality have not been adequately married with the need for cohesion between family, school and health professional or indeed, with the best interests of the suicidal adolescent. Instead the article suggests a separate privacy and confidentiality regime that addresses the particular challenges faced by parties dealing with suicidal young people. The suggestions are based on information obtained from a national survey of secondary school principals in New Zealand.
To Speak as a Judge: Difference, Voice and Power by Sandra Berns
Authors: Petersson Sandra
Published: February 2020

This article is a book review of Sandra Berns To Speak as Judge: Difference, Voice and Power (Ashgate, Aldershot (UK), 1999) 241 + viii pages, $180. According to Petersson, the book is a postmodern feminist exploration of the nature of adjudication and offers an observational account of judging focussed on the level of superior courts. The central theme of the book is the position of women judges and of what it means to be a woman and to speak as a judge, and to speak as a woman in a world in which woman remains a negation.
Tort Law Text and Materials by Mark Lunney and Ken Oliphant
Authors: Atkin W R
Published: February 2020

This article is a book review of Mark Lunney and Ken Oliphant, Tort Law Text and Materials Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000, 819 + lix pages (Reg Retail NZ$95). Lunney and Oliphant's book is a book of materials and cases of English tort law developments, although the authors have both done research in New Zealand as well. Atkin reviews the tort law developments in England covered in the book and then compares it to that of New Zealand, including the torts of invasion of privacy and negligence. Atkin commends the book for its innovative writing and style. The frequent pattern of the book is to include critique and commentary after the relevant case law, which Atkin states are memorable and of high quality.
Time to Revisit Forum Non Conveniens in the UK? Group Josi Reinsurance Co v UGIC
Authors: Bougen Christopher D
Published: February 2020

There has been much debate in the United Kingdom over the last decade on whether the discretionary doctrine of forum non conveniens is compatible with the mandatory provisions of the Brussels Convention on jurisdiction issues in the European Union.  A recent decision of the European Court of Justice has answered affirmatively the question of whether a plaintiff domiciled in a non-Contracting State can invoke the rules of the Covention.  The Court has arguably not settled the more fundamental question of whether the Convention applies to conflicts of jurisdiction between courts of a Contracting State and non-Contracting State.  However, there is evidence of a growing acceptance of an expansive view of the scope of the Convention.  Such a development would bring welcome simplicity to cross-border litigation in the UK.
NATO and International Crimes in the Kosovo Campaign – Can Bill Clinton and Tony Blair be Held Criminally Liable?
Authors: Niven Peter
Published: February 2020

This paper examines the international law doctrines of command responsibility and sovereign immunity with respect to the potential liability of Bill Clinton and Tony Blair for any war crimes committed during “Operation Just Cause” in Kosovo in 1999. The paper discusses some of the alleged crimes committed by NATO forces during the operation to establish a context for the analysis of their potential liability under the doctrine of command responsibility. This doctrine makes commanders criminally liable if they knew, or should have known, of crimes committed or about to be committed by their subordinates and the commander fails to take necessary and reasonable measures to prevent the crimes or punish the perpetrators. Even if Clinton and Blair could be held criminally liable under this doctrine any prosecution faces the hurdle of sovereign immunity attaching to them as a former Head of State and current Head of Government.
The Accident Compensation Scheme: A Case Study in Public Policy Failure
Authors: Wilkinson Bryce
Published: February 2020

Among groups challenging ACC policy during this decade, the New Zealand Business Roundtable offered the most passionate critique of the scheme and its founding assumptions. The New Zealand Business Roundtable argued that the public interest was better served by promoting consumer choice in insurance coverage, delivered in a competitive market by private insurers. This article explains the origins and rationale for this market-based critique, and provides a spirited statement of an economic philosophy that proved influential in shaping legislative reforms in the 1990s.
The Economic And Social Context For The Changes In Accident Compensation
Authors: Stephens Robert
Published: February 2020

The changes in ACC after 1980 cannot be separated from profound changes in the shape and direction of New Zealand's political economy. Responding initially to the inherited economic imbalances in the 1970s, after 1984 the governing Labour Party launched a major restructuring of the economy and state administration. This paper describes the theories and objectives behind that transformation, as well as the generally disappointing results for economic performance and social equity. Further erosion of confidence in the state and dedication to market-driven policies continued well into the 1990s under the National Party. This paper documents the major trends during this entire period for employment, productivity, social inequality, and poverty.
"The Nineteen-Seventies": Summary for Presentation to The Accident Compensation Symposium
Authors: Palmer Geoffrey
Published: February 2020

After the Woodhouse Commission delivered its Report, more conventional political considerations surrounded its progress toward legislative enactment. The stunning replacement of common law stood at the core of reform, but the nature of the alternative scheme remained open to debate. It took six years, multiple cabinet reports and committee procedures, and political compromises amidst a change in government before the legislation took effect in 1974. In this article, one of the central players from this period reflects on the political environment leading up to enactment, and describes how the ultimate legislation modified aspects of the original Woodhouse vision.
The Law Commission's 1988 Report on Accident Compensation
Authors: Keith Sir Kenneth J
Published: February 2020

As economic restructuring was changing many state functions, the New Zealand Law Commission under the Presidency of Sir Owen Woodhouse undertook its own review of ACC, vigorously reaffirming the Woodhouse principles in its 1988 Report, while proposing further extensions of the scheme. This paper, written by a member of the Commission, summarises the Report’s major recommendations, including a new strategy for accident prevention, extension of the scheme to include illness, and a generally sceptical approach to incentive-based premiums for employers.
The Fate of "No-Fault" in America
Authors: Gaskins Richard
Published: February 2020

Outside New Zealand other countries debated possible "no-fault" reforms. Why did other countries not follow the same pattern as New Zealand in the 1960s? This article looks at the different policy outcomes in the United States, where no-fault proposals of limited scale were vigorously debated in the 1960s, and where more comprehensive approaches (including ideas drawn from the New Zealand ACC) struggled to gain political traction amidst the growing trend to litigation in the 1970s. Also taking shape in the United States was a new conceptual approach to the problems of personal injury, using the language and methods of welfare economics, which utterly transformed the academic debate. The writings of Guido Calabresi may suggest how, after 1980, the core definitions and distinctive principles advanced by Woodhouse seemed lost in translation, especially after these American methods found their way into New Zealand ACC debates.
Moral Hazard and Medical Assessment
Authors: Duncan Grant
Published: February 2020

Across its history ACC policy on rehabilitation has fluctuated, as has the approach to compensating victims with partial but permanent incapacity. These procedures offer an important window onto shifting ACC attitudes to entitlements, social equity, and cost control, which accompanied the legislative changes of the 1990s. This paper examines the particular methods used by ACC in recent years to assess the capacity of beneficiaries to return to work, as well as methods used to calculate benefits for partial long-term incapacity. The paper argues that these ACC practices reveal the changing strategic relationship between beneficiaries and a cost-conscious state authority.
1990s: Decade of Change
Authors: Caygill David
Published: February 2020

As market principles took firmer hold in New Zealand public policy in the 1990s, ACC received close scrutiny and passed through three legislative revisions. The idea of opening ACC to competition from private insurance providers was moving up the policy agenda—and was briefly enacted in 1999, prior to a change in government. New management practices within ACC focused attention on cost containment, benefit levels, and experience-rated premiums for employers. This paper, by the current Chair of ACC, summarises the history of formal reviews, administrative changes, and legislative reforms across the decade, including the increasing emphasis on administrative efficiency.