bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio‐inspired iron/sulfur/graphene nanocomposite and its use in the catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction at room temperature in alkaline media on a glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Seyyedi Behnam , Ahmadi Variani Bahar , Habibi Esmaeil
Published: November 2018

This work demonstrates the performance of a bio‐inspired iron/sulfur/graphene nanocomposite as a non‐platinum electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an alkaline medium. The catalyst shows the most positive ORR onset potential (1.1 V vs. RHE) according to its unique structure in the alkaline medium (KOH solution, pH = 13) at low temperature (T = 298 K). The catalyst is evaluated by the rotating‐disk electrode (RDE) method under various rotating speeds (0–2,000 rpm) in the potential range −0.02–1.18 V vs. a rechargeable hydrogen electrode (RHE). The number of transferred electrons, as one of the most important parameters, is almost constant over a wide range of potentials (0.1–0.8 V), which indicates a more efficient four‐electron pathway from O2 to H2O on the FePc‐S‐Gr surface. The mean size of catalyst centers are in the nanoscale (<10 nm). The estimated Tafel slope in the appropriate range is about −110 mV per decade at low current density, and E1/2 of FePc‐S‐Gr displays a negative shift of only 7.1 mV after 10,000 cycles.
Latent profile analysis exploring potential moral injury and posttraumatic stress disorder among military veterans
Authors: Smigelsky Melissa A. , Malott Jesse D. , Veazey Morris Katherine , Berlin Kristoffer S. , Neimeyer Robert A.
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Theoretical support for the moral injury (MI) construct is mounting, yet empirical support has lagged behind. A conceptual model has been proposed, but studies have not yet explored the constellation of symptoms within treatment‐seeking Veterans.

Methods

Veterans (N = 212) seeking trauma recovery services completed measures of potential MI symptoms that functioned as indicators in person‐centered Latent Profile Analysis. Differences in exposure to potentially morally injurious experiences (pMIEs) were compared across profiles using logistic regression.

Results

Three profiles emerged that varied by symptom severity, levels of trauma‐related guilt, and levels of dispositional forgiveness. Exposure to pMIEs predicted membership in a class consistent with proposed MI symptomatology.

Conclusions

Person‐centered approaches are useful for identifying a distinct group of veterans whose trauma recovery may benefit from specifically targeting moral emotions, consistent with the emerging construct of MI .
Design and preparation of stable CPO/HRP@H‐MOF(Zr) composites for efficient bio‐catalytic degradation of organic toxicants in wastewater
Authors: Gao Xia , Zhai Quanguo , Hu Mancheng , Li Shuni , Song Jie , Jiang Yucheng
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Immobilization of enzyme on a solid support can improve its stability, however, this is often accompanied by a decrease of the initial catalytic activity. The design and preparation of immobilized enzyme with simultaneous high activity and stability is a challenge.

RESULTS

A hierarchically porous metal organic framework H‐MOF(Zr) which was prepared by ‘crystal defect’ strategy was very stable in aqueous solution and possessed well‐defined, tunable and adjacent hierarchical pores. When using the H‐MOF(Zr) as support for enzyme immobilization, a single array of enzyme in a single mesoporous channel was achieved so as to avoid aggregation of the enzyme. Meanwhile the micropores can be utilized to concentrate substrates, resulting in a decrease in the mass transfer resistance of substrate compared with that in the bulk buffer due to the enzymes and substrates closely embedded on the same support. The prepared immobilized enzyme CPO/HRP@H‐MOF(Zr) was more stable at elevated temparatures, showing 58.2% enhanced activity compared with free enzymes at 70 °C for 1 h incubation. After 12 cycles, 70.7% of activity remained. When the CPO/HRP@H‐MOF(Zr) was applied in the treatment of wastewater containing isoproturon and 2,4‐dichlorophenol, complete degradation was achieved in only 15 min.

CONCLUSION

Both high activity and stability under harsh reaction conditions give the CPO/HRP@H‐MOF(Zr) composites potential for practical application in wastewater treatment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Reinforcer magnitude and resurgence
Authors: Oliver Anthony C. , Nighbor Tyler D. , Lattal Kennon A.
Published: November 2018

One experiment each was conducted with pigeons and rats to assess the effects of changes in reinforcer magnitude on resurgence. Each experiment involved three phases. In the Training phase, key pecking (Experiment 1) or lever pressing (Experiment 2) on two concurrently available operanda was reinforced according to variable‐interval schedules. In the Alternative Reinforcement phase, responding to one operandum was extinguished while that to the other was reinforced with greater duration of food access (Experiment 1), greater number of pellets (Experiment 2a), or a similar number of pellets (Experiment 2b) than occurred in the Training phase. In the Resurgence Test phase, the reinforcer magnitude associated with the Alternative response was either reduced (Experiments 1 & 2a) or increased (Experiment 2b) relative to the preceding condition. Resurgence generally occurred when the reinforcer magnitude maintaining the Alternative response was reduced, but not when it was increased relative to the preceding condition. The results further support the suggestion that resurgence results from an overall “worsening” of reinforcement conditions, but not simply from a change in conditions.
Perspectives towards antiviral drug discovery against Ebola virus
Authors: Mirza Muhammad Usman , Vanmeert Michiel , Ali Amjad , Iman Kanzal , Froeyen Matheus , Idrees Muhammad
Published: November 2018

Ebola virus disease (EVD), caused by Ebola viruses, resulted in more than 11 500 deaths according to a recent 2018 WHO report. With mortality rates up to 90%, it is nowadays one of the most deadly infectious diseases. However, no Food and Drug Administration‐approved Ebola drugs or vaccines are available yet with the mainstay of therapy being supportive care. The high fatality rate and absence of effective treatment or vaccination make Ebola virus a category‐A biothreat pathogen. Fortunately, a series of investigational countermeasures have been developed to control and prevent this global threat. This review summarizes the recent therapeutic advances and ongoing research progress from research and development to clinical trials in the development of small‐molecule antiviral drugs, small‐interference RNA molecules, phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers, full‐length monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines. Moreover, difficulties are highlighted in the search for effective countermeasures against EVD with additional focus on the interplay between available in silico prediction methods and their evidenced potential in antiviral drug discovery.
Aquaporins in brain edema
Authors: Clément Tifenn , Rodriguez‐Grande Beatriz , Badaut Jérôme
Published: November 2018

Brain edema is a common feature of brain injuries, which leads to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and ischemia that worsen outcome. Current management of edema focuses on reduction of ICP, but there are no treatments targeting the molecular players directly involved in edema process. The perivascular astrocyte endfeet are critical in maintaining brain homeostasis with ionic and water exchange; in this context, aquaporins (AQPs), astrocyte water channels, have emerged as privileged targets for edema modulation. However, AQPs can facilitate either accumulation or drainage of water, depending on the osmotic gradients between extra‐intracellular space; and thus inhibition of AQPs leads to different outcomes depending on specific tissue characteristics and time post‐injury. Most of this knowledge has been gathered from the study of AQP4, the best characterized AQP and the one that has the biggest impact on water movement. In addition to the level of expression, the ratio of AQP4 isoforms (m1, m23 or mz), the spatial distribution of AQP4 into orthogonal arrays of particles, and the interaction of AQP4 with neighboring ionic channels and gap junctions could directly impact edema formation. Although there are no specific AQP4 pharmacological blockers, the development of AQP4 siRNA offers a promising therapeutic tool. Given the complex dynamics of AQP4, therapies targeting AQP4 should carefully take into account the particular features of the injury (e.g., hemorrhagic vs. non‐hemorrhagic) and different times after injury (e.g., phase of edema formation vs. resolution).
Synergism and Interfacial Property Study of Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate and Polysorbate 80 at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Desai Shobha V. , Bhagwat Sunil S.
Published: November 2018

Adsorption and micellization behavior of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and Polysorbate 80 (PS80) was investigated using equilibrium and dynamic surface tension and foaming measurements. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined using surface tension and dye (Sudan red III) solubilization method with the help of the Wilhelmy plate method and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopic method, respectively. The strength of the interaction for micellization and adsorption between the mixtures are calculated using the β interaction parameter. The SLES‐PS80 mixture shows synergistic interaction with β = −8.0. The dynamic and foaming behavior at constant bulk concentration showed a higher t
* value with lowest foaming at 50% mole fraction of SLES. The emulsification index (EI) of pure SLES, pure PS 80, and 1:1 SLES‐PS 80 composition was studied using neem, karanja, and sunflower oils. Karanja and sunflower oils show a higher EI for mixture than the pure surfactants, whereas neem shows a lower EI for mixture than pure surfactants.
Assessment of Radiofrequency Ablation Efficacy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Histology and Pretransplant Radiology
Authors: Serra Carla , Cucchetti Alessandro , Felicani Cristina , Mosconi Cristina , De Cinque Antonio , Golfieri Rita , Andreone Pietro , Ercolani Giorgio , Maroni Lorenzo , Ravaioli Matteo , D’Errico Antonia , Pinna Antonio Daniele , Cescon Matteo
Published: November 2018

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) represents a potentially curative option for early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims at evaluating the histologic response after RFA of small HCCs arising in cirrhosis. Data were reviewed from 78 patients with de novo HCCs who were treated with RFA and subsequently transplanted. The last radiological assessment before liver transplantation (LT) was used for comparison between modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) and histological findings. A total of 125 de novo HCCs (median diameter, 20 mm) were treated with RFA only in 92 sessions. There were 98 nodules that did not show local recurrence during follow‐up (78.4%), and the remaining were retreated, except 1 because of subsequent LT. On explanted livers, complete pathological response (CPR) was observed in 61.6%, being 76.9% when <2 cm, 55.0% when 2‐3 cm, and 30.8% when >3 cm. Tumors near hepatic vessels had CPR in 50% of patients versus 69.3% for tumors distant from vessels (P = 0.039). Of the 125 HCCs, 114 had available radiological assessment within a median of 3 months before LT. Complete radiological response, according to mRECIST, was observed in 77.2% of nodules before LT. The Cohen κ was 0.48 (moderate agreement). The overall accuracy was 78.1%. A total of 18 complications were recorded with only 1 graded as major. In conclusion, RFA can provide high CPR for HCC, especially in smaller tumors distant from hepatic veins or portal branches. The agreement between mRECIST and histology is only moderate. Further refinements in radiological assessment are essential to accurately assess the true effectiveness of RFA.
Renal Epithelial Monolayer Formation on Monomeric and Polymeric Catechol Functionalized Supramolecular Biomaterials
Authors: van Gaal Ronald C. , Fedecostante Michele , Fransen Peter‐Paul K.H. , Masereeuw Rosalinde , Dankers Patricia Y.W.
Published: November 2018

Induction of a functional, tight monolayer of renal epithelial cells on a synthetic membrane to be applied in a bioartificial kidney device requires for bio‐activation of the membrane. The current golden standard in bio‐activation is the combination of a random polymeric catechol (L‐DOPA) coating and collagen type IV (Col IV). Here the possibility of replacing this with defined monomeric catechol functionalization on a biomaterial surface using supramolecular ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy)‐moieties is investigated. Monomeric catechols modified with a UPy‐unit are successfully incorporated and presented in supramolecular UPy‐polymer films and membranes. Unfortunately, these UPy‐catechols are unable to improve epithelial cell monolayer formation over time, solely or in combination with Col IV. L‐DOPA combined with Col IV is able to induce a tight monolayer capable of transport on electrospun supramolecular UPy‐membranes. This study shows that a random polymeric catechol coating cannot be simply mimicked by defined monomeric catechols as supramolecular additives. There is still a long way to go in order to synthetically mimic simple natural structures.
Photo‐Modulating Multicolor Photoluminescence Including White‐Light Emission from a Photochromic Copolymer
Authors: Gu Fan , Zhang Chengjie , Ma Xiang
Published: November 2018

Organic photochromic materials have always been a hot topic among scientists, ascribed to its broad applications and characteristic properties of photo‐modulating multicolor photoluminescence. Meanwhile, white‐light emission of organic materials has drawn considerable attention in recent years. Herein, these two concepts are combined together to make an achievement in a photochromic copolymer with white‐light emission. A novel amorphous polyacrylamide copolymer consisting of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and spiropyran (SP) monomers is synthesized, which is capable of emitting fluorescence with tunable colors including white‐light one with Commission Internationale de L’éclairage coordinates (0.33, 0.33). This new concept provides an available approach to obtain white‐light emission materials which will exert far‐reaching influence in its further development.
α‐Synuclein species as potential cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for dementia with lewy bodies
Authors: van Steenoven Inger , Majbour Nour K. , Vaikath Nishant N. , Berendse Henk W. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , van de Berg Wilma D.J. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Lemstra Afina W. , El‐Agnaf Omar M.A.
Published: November 2018

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the discriminating value of a range of CSF α‐synuclein species for dementia with Lewy bodies compared with Alzheimer's disease, PD, and cognitively normal controls.

Methods: We applied our recently published enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays to measure the CSF levels of total α‐synuclein, oligomeric α‐synuclein, and phosphorylated α‐synuclein in dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 42), Alzheimer's disease (n = 39), PD (n = 46), and controls (n = 78). General linear models corrected for age and sex were performed to assess differences in α‐synuclein levels between groups. We used backward‐elimination logistic regression analysis to investigate the combined discriminating value of the different CSF α‐synuclein species and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.

Results: CSF levels of total α‐synuclein were lower in dementia with Lewy bodies and PD compared with Alzheimer's disease as well as controls (P < 0.001). In contrast, CSF levels of oligomeric α‐synuclein were higher in dementia with Lewy bodies and PD compared with Alzheimer's disease (P < 0.05) and controls (P < 0.001). No group differences were found for phosphorylated α‐synuclein. In dementia with Lewy bodies and PD, CSF total α‐synuclein levels positively correlated with tau and phosphorylated tau (both r > 0.40, P < 0.01), but not with amyloid‐β1‐42. The optimal combination to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from controls consisted of amyloid‐β1‐42, tau, total α‐synuclein, oligomeric α‐synuclein, age, and sex (AUC, 0.90). To differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease, the combination of tau and oligomeric α‐synuclein resulted in an AUC of 0.83. CSF α‐synuclein species do not contribute to the differentiation of dementia with Lewy bodies from PD.

Conclusions: CSF α‐synuclein species could be useful as part of a biomarker panel for dementia with Lewy bodies. Evaluating both oligomeric α‐synuclein and total α‐synuclein in CSF helps in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Arizona moves to managed care delivery integrated care system
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2018

Nearly a month and a half into its new integrated care delivery system for Medicaid beneficiaries, Arizona officials say the transition, in the works for two years, is moving forward smoothly.
Nevada jury awards wrongly discharged patients in settlement
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2018

Nevada officials and the state's psychiatric hospital are liable for nearly $9 million in class‐action damages for sending patients with mental illness to other states unaccompanied and without resources, according to local news reports. Following a class‐action lawsuit, a Nevada jury has determined that patients wrongly discharged will each receive approximately $250,000 each.
Midterm election results generate optimism for field
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2018

Advocates are encouraged about the Democratic‐majority House expected to unfold in January 2019 following the midterm elections last week and what it would mean for support of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Medicaid expansion, already looming in three previously Republican‐controlled states.
Uncertainty quantification for random parabolic equations with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions on a bounded domain via the approximation of the probability density function
Authors: Calatayud Julia , Cortés Juan Carlos , Jornet Marc
Published: November 2018

This paper deals with the randomized heat equation defined on a general bounded interval [L1, L2] and with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. The solution is a stochastic process that can be related, via changes of variable, with the solution stochastic process of the random heat equation defined on [0,1] with homogeneous boundary conditions. Results in the extant literature establish conditions under which the probability density function of the solution process to the random heat equation on [0,1] with homogeneous boundary conditions can be approximated. Via the changes of variable and the Random Variable Transformation technique, we set mild conditions under which the probability density function of the solution process to the random heat equation on a general bounded interval [L1, L2] and with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions can be approximated uniformly or pointwise. Furthermore, we provide sufficient conditions in order that the expectation and the variance of the solution stochastic process can be computed from the proposed approximations of the probability density function. Numerical examples are performed in the case that the initial condition process has a certain Karhunen‐Loève expansion, being Gaussian and non‐Gaussian.
Three‐dimensional NMR microscopy of zebrafish specimens
Authors: Kline Timothy L. , Sussman Caroline R. , Irazabal Maria V. , Mishra Prasanna K. , Pearson Elisabeth A. , Torres Vicente E. , Macura Slobodan I.
Published: November 2018

While zebrafish embryos in the first five days after fertilization are clear and amenable to optical analysis, older juveniles and adults are not, due to pigmentation development and tissue growth. Thus other imaging methods are needed to image adult specimens. NMR is a versatile tool for studies of biological systems and has been successfully used for in vivo zebrafish microscopy. In this work we use NMR microscopy (MRM) for assessment of zebrafish specimens, which includes imaging of formalin fixed (FF), formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE), fresh (unfixed), and FF gadolinium doped specimens. To delineate the size and shape of various organs we concentrated on 3D MRM. We have shown that at 7 T a 3D NMR image can be obtained with isotropic resolution of 50 μm/pxl within 10 min and 25 μm/pxl within 4 h. Also, we have analyzed sources of contrast and have found that in FF specimens the best contrast is obtained byT1weighting (3D FLASH, 3D FISP), whereas in FFPE specimensT2weighting (3D RARE) is the best. We highlight an approach to perform segmentation of the organs in order to study morphological changes associated with mutations. The broader implication of this work is development of NMR methodology for high contrast and high resolution serial imaging and automated analysis of morphology of various zebrafish mutants.
Food Is Medicine: A Qualitative Analysis of Patient and Institutional Barriers to Successful Surgical Nutrition Practices in an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Setting
Authors: Gillis Chelsia , Martin Lisa , Gill Marlyn , Gilmour Loreen , Nelson Gregg , Gramlich Leah
Published: November 2018

Background

Close adherence to the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program is associated with improved outcomes. A nutrition‐focused qualitative analysis of patient experience and of ERAS implementation across our province was conducted to better understand the barriers to successful adoption of ERAS nutrition elements.

Methods

Enrolled colorectal patients (n = 27) were asked to describe their surgical experience. Narrative interviews (n = 20) and focus groups (n = 7) were transcribed verbatim and analyzed inductively for food and nutrition themes. Qualitative data sources (n = 198 documents) collected throughout our implementation of ERAS were categorized as institutional barriers that impeded the successful adoption of ERAS nutrition practices.

Results

We identified patient barriers related to 3 main themes. The first theme,Mistaken nutrition facts & beliefs, describes how information provision was a key barrier to the successful adoption of nutrition elements. Patients held misconceptions and providers tended to provide them with contradictory nutrition messages, ultimately impeding adequate food intake and adherence to ERAS elements. The second theme,White bread is good for the soul?, represents a mismatch between prescribed medical diets and patient priorities. The third theme,Food is medicine, details patient beliefs that food is healing; the perception that nutritious food and dietary support was lacking produced dissatisfaction among patients. Overall, the most important institutional barrier limiting successful adoption of nutrition practices was the lack of education for patients and providers.

Conclusion

Applying a patient‐centered model of care that focuses on personalizing the ERAS nutrition elements might be a useful strategy to improve patient satisfaction, encourage food intake, correct previously held beliefs, and promote care adherence.
Postpartum depression symptoms among Syrian refugee women living in Jordan
Authors: Mohammad Khitam I. , Abu Awad Doaa , Creedy Debra K. , Gamble Jenny
Published: November 2018

Postpartum depression (PPD) is recognized as a common maternal health problem, but few studies have investigated the postpartum mental health of refugee women. In this cross‐sectional study, we investigated the prevalence of PPD symptoms and associated factors among Syrian refugee women living in north Jordan. Women (N = 365) were recruited from four health care centers in Ramtha and Jarash, cities in northern Jordan. Participants completed a demographic data form, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Maternal Social Support Scale at 6–8 weeks postpartum. Half (49.6%; n = 181) of the Syrian refugee women scored >12 on the EPDS. PPD symptoms were significantly associated with low social support, low monthly income, and recent immigration (less than 2 years). There is a high level of PPD symptoms among Syrian refugee women, many of whom are living in poverty and with limited social support. The results highlight the need for immediate action by governments to support childbearing refugee women with early screening for psychosocial risk and respond to women's physical and mental health, and social needs through interservice collaboration. Social support programs would meet an important need for these women, as would ongoing assessment by health professionals and early intervention for women who screen positive for PPD.
Nanothermites: A short Review. Factsheet for Experimenters, Present and Future Challenges
Authors: Comet Marc , Martin Cédric , Schnell Fabien , Spitzer Denis
Published: November 2018

Nanothermites are the most important family of energetic materials in contemporary pyrotechnics. This article traces the main research which was carried out in this still recent domain and the challenges that remain to be overcome. The academic effort of past two decades has brought nanothermites from the status of laboratory curiosities to the one of pre‐industrial materials. Different aspects of nanothermites are discussed in order to provide valuable information to scientists experimenting in this domain. Experimental details on the preparation and the disposal of nanothermites are reported. The current research on nanothermites deals with: (i) the development of new aluminothermic mixtures; (ii) the preparation of hybrid compositions by combining nanothermites with explosive nanopowders and (iii) the study of reactive properties. From an academic standpoint, the future challenges are to find new compositions and effects. From a practical standpoint, the effort must focus on the integration of nanothermites and their derivatives in pyrotechnic systems. Toxicological concerns are expected to become increasingly important over the next decade.
Resonant electron capture by uridine and deoxyuridine molecules: Fragmentation with charge transfer
Authors: Muftakhov Mars V. , Shchukin Pavel V.
Published: November 2018

Rationale

Charge transfer via DNA plays an important role in physical and chemical processes in biological systems, and is used in biomolecular electronics. The present study considers the resonant interaction of free electrons with nucleosides, which is important for an understanding of the processes of electron transport in DNA.

Methods

Resonant electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry was used to study the processes of low‐energy electron attachment to two uracil nucleosides, uridine and deoxyuridine, while density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to analyze the energy aspects of ion formation and decay.

Results

Short‐lived molecular ions, formed via mechanisms of π* shape resonances, were found in the energy region below 5 eV. The fragmentation channels of these resonances and the structures of the charged and neutral products formed were determined.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the formation of some fragment negative ions occurs through intramolecular charge transfer.
Coming to terms: Addressing the persistence of “hands‐on” and other reform terminology in the era of science as practice
Authors: Furtak Erin Marie , Penuel William R.
Published: November 2018

In recent years, the focus of science education reform has shifted to engaging students in three‐dimensional science learning experiences aligned with the National Research Council's () Framework for K‐12 Science Education. This movement has been associated with a focus on students participating in science as practice, which represents a significant shift from previous reform efforts, that focused on scientific inquiry. In our experiences as educational researchers deeply engaged in partnerships with teachers, administrators, district, and state science curriculum supervisors, as well as in public‐facing conversations about standards aligned with theFramework, we have repeatedly found ourselves in conversations about how the new reforms are similar or different to scientific inquiry, as well as other previous waves of reform. In this article, we revisit key terms that describe the emphasis of different waves of reforms, including the current ones, to support conversations with others outside the research community about stability and change in the purposes of science education. We highlight important nuances and differences between the vision of reform presented in theFrameworkand past visions, with the intention of informing conversations about science as practice, the central importance of phenomena, and incremental sensemaking.
XPS primary excitation spectra of Zn 2p, Fe 2p, and Ce 3d from ZnO, α‐Fe2O3, and CeO2
Authors: Pauly Nicolas , Yubero Francisco , Espinós Juan Pedro , Tougaard Sven
Published: November 2018

Metal oxides are important for current development in nanotechnology. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) is a widely used technique to study the oxidation states of metals, and a basic understanding of the photoexcitation process is important to obtain the full information from XPS. We have studied core level excitations of Zn 2p, Fe 2p, and Ce 3d photoelectron emissions from ZnO, α‐Fe2O3, and CeO2. Using an effective energy‐differential XPS inelastic‐scattering cross section evaluated within the semiclassical dielectric response model for XPS, we analysed the experimental spectra to determine the corresponding primary excitation spectra, ie, the initial excitation processes. We find that simple emission (Zn 2p) as well as complex multiplet photoemission spectra (Fe 2p and Ce 3d) can be quantitatively analysed with our procedure. Moreover, for α‐Fe2O3, it is possible to use the software package CTM4XAS (Charge Transfer Multiplet program for X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy) to calculate its primary excitation spectrum within a quantum mechanical model, and it was found to be in good agreement with the spectrum determined by analysis of the experiment.
Naringenin inhibited migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells through multiple mechanisms
Authors: Chen Yen‐Yu , Chang Yuh‐Ming , Wang Kuan‐Yi , Chen Pei‐Ni , Hseu You‐Cheng , Chen Ke‐Min , Yeh Kun‐Tu , Chen Chih‐Jung , Hsu Li‐Sung
Published: November 2018

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most mortality brain cancer in the world. Due to high invasion and drug resistance cause the poor prognosis of GBM. Naringenin, an ingredient of citrus, exhibits many cellular functions such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammation, and anticancer. Naringenin inhibits the migration of bladder and lung cancer via modulation of MMP‐2 and/or MMP‐9 activities, Naringenin inhibits migration and trigger apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through downregulation of AKT pathway. However, the effects of naringenin in GBM still remain to be elucidated. In this study, we reveal the molecular mechanisms of naringenin in the inhibition of migration and invasion in GBM. No overt alternation of cell proliferation was found in of GBM 8901 cells treated with different concentration of naringenin. Slight decreased cell viability was found in GBM 8401 cell treated with 200 and 300 μM naringenin. Significant reduction of migration and invasion as assayed by Boyden chamber analysis was found in of GBM cells treated with 100, 200, and 300 μM naringenin. Zymography analysis also revealed that the activities of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 of GBM cells were significantly inhibited in response to 100, 200, or 300 μM naringenin treatment. Proteins of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were downregulated in naringenin treated GBM cells. In addition, naringenin also attenuated the activities of ERK and p38. Naringenin decreased mesenchymal markers (snail and slug) expression as revealed by Western blot analysis. Taken together, our findings indicated that naringenin eliminated the migration and invasion of GBM cells through multiple mechanisms including inhibition of MMPs, ERK, and p38 activities and modulation of EMT markers. Our results also suggested that naringenin may be a potential agent to prevent metastasis of GBM.
Renormalization of the multi-Higgs-doublet Standard Model and one-loop lepton mass corrections
Authors: Grimus W. , Löschner M.
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Motivated by models for neutrino masses and lepton mixing, we consider the renormalization of the lepton sector of a general multi-Higgs-doublet Standard Model with an arbitrary number of right-handed neutrino singlets. We propose to make the theory finite by

$$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

M
S

¯

renormalization of the parameters of the unbroken theory. However, using a general R

ξ
gauge, in the explicit one-loop computations of one-point and two-point functions it becomes clear that — in addition — a renormalization of the vacuum expectation values (VEVs) is necessary. Moreover, in order to ensure vanishing one-point functions of the physical scalar mass eigenfields, finite shifts of the tree-level VEVs, induced by the finite parts of the tadpole diagrams, are required. As a consequence of our renormalization scheme, physical masses are functions of the renormalized parameters and VEVs and thus derived quantities. Applying our scheme to one-loop corrections of lepton masses, we perform a thorough discussion of finiteness and ξ-independence. In the latter context, the tadpole contributions figure prominently.
Cannabis use and suicide attempts among 86,254 adolescents aged 12–15 years from 21 low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Carvalho Andre F. , Stubbs Brendon , Vancampfort Davy , Kloiber Stefan , Maes Michael , Firth Joseph , Kurdyak Paul A. , Stein Dan J. , Rehm Jürgen , Koyanagi Ai
Published: November 2018

Background: Evidence suggests that cannabis use may be associated with suicidality in adolescence. Nevertheless, very few studies have assessed this association in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this cross-sectional survey, we investigated the association of cannabis use and suicidal attempts in adolescents from 21 LMICs, adjusting for potential confounders.

Method: Data from the Global school-based Student Health Survey was analyzed in 86,254 adolescents from 21 countries [mean (SD) age = 13.7 (0.9) years; 49.0% girls]. Suicide attempts during past year and cannabis during past month and lifetime were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results: The overall prevalence of past 30-day cannabis use was 2.8% and the age-sex adjusted prevalence varied from 0.5% (Laos) to 37.6% (Samoa), while the overall prevalence of lifetime cannabis use was 3.9% (range 0.5%–44.9%). The overall prevalence of suicide attempts during the past year was 10.5%. Following multivariable adjustment to potential confounding variables, past 30-day cannabis use was significantly associated with suicide attempts (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.42–2.91). Lifetime cannabis use was also independently associated with suicide attempts (OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.74–3.04).

Conclusion: Our data indicate that cannabis use is associated with a greater likelihood for suicide attempts in adolescents living in LMICs. The causality of this association should be confirmed/refuted in prospective studies to further inform public health policies for suicide prevention in LMICs.
Status Report on the Sample Preparation Laboratory for Radiocarbon Dating at the New Bucharest Roams Center
Authors: Sava Tiberiu B , Simion Corina A , Gâza Oana , Stanciu Iuliana M , Păceșilă Doru G , Sava Gabriela O , Wacker Lukas , Ștefan Bianca , Moșu Vasile D , Ghiță Dan G , Vasiliu Alexandru
Published: November 2018

The accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) center at Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, is based on the latest-generation 1 MV Tandetron® accelerator, produced by High Voltage Engineering Europa (HVEE), The Netherlands. The AMS center became fully functional at the start of 2013, and at the end of 2015 the laboratory established the RoAMS international code and it was added to the list of AMS laboratories maintained by Radiocarbon journal. An important aspect in the establishment of a new AMS laboratory is the declaration and documentation of the adopted protocols and to demonstrate the reliability and reproducibility of the measurements in comparison to internationally recognized reference materials. In this paper, we present the dating results on the Sixth International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (SIRI) samples that were pretreated, graphitized, and measured in our laboratory. The newly developed sample preparation laboratory can handle sample materials as (1) organic materials, (2) wood, (3) bones, and (4) carbonates. The results of our measurements are in very good agreement with the SIRI consensus values and confirm the reliability of our sample preparation laboratory and also the good performance of the HVEE AMS system. The blank levels for the SIRI materials are 0.277±0.045/0.333±0.046 percent modern carbon (pMC) for wood samples, 0.441±0.038 pMC for bone collagen, and 0.239±0.030 pMC for carbonate materials, considering an average mass of 1 mg sample graphite.
THE HISTORIC VENTILATION SYSTEM OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, 1840–52: RE-VISITING DAVID BOSWELL REID’S ENVIRONMENTAL LEGACY
Authors: Schoenefeldt Henrik
Published: November 2018

Between 1840 and 1846 the Scottish physician David Boswell Reid produced a scheme for a central ventilation system serving the Palace of Westminster. This scheme included a proposal for a sophisticated ventilation and climatic control system in the House of Commons. Although the plans for a central system were abandoned after six years, Reid was able to implement his idea within the confines of the House of Commons. Existing literature on Reid’s involvement in the design of the Palace of Westminster has focused largely on his difficult relationship with the architect Charles Barry, but his actual contribution to the design of the ventilation system has remained largely unexplored. Neither his unfinished early proposal nor his final design for the House of Commons has been studied in any depth before. This paper retraces the evolution of Reid’s original plans, and provides a systematic reconstruction of the ventilation system implemented inside the House of Commons between 1847 and 1854. The historic system is now completely lost, but new archival research, involving the study of several hundred letters, sketches and plans, has yielded detailed insights into its design and how it performed historically. In addition to revealing the ventilation system’s physical arrangements, research has uncovered how scientists and engineers had evaluated its design empirically from a human and technological perspective. As such, this paper provides a new perspective on antiquarian studies and illuminates how architectural technology in the mid-nineteenth century was shaped, evaluated and refined based on environmental performance. Although environmental factors, such as climate or air purity, were more transient dimensions of architecture, in the case of the House of Commons this paper shows that they were key drivers of architectural form.
Pure fruit juice and fruit consumption and the risk of CVD: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Netherlands (EPIC-NL) study
Authors: Scheffers Floor R. , Boer Jolanda M. A. , Verschuren W. M. Monique , Verheus Martijn , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Sluijs Ivonne , Smit Henriëtte A. , Wijga Alet H.
Published: November 2018

Dietary guidelines for pure fruit juice consumption differ between countries, regarding the question whether pure fruit juice is an acceptable alternative for fruit. Currently, little is known about pure fruit juice consumption and the risk of CVD. In this prospective cohort study, we studied the association of pure fruit juice and fruit consumption with the incidence of fatal and non-fatal CVD, CHD and stroke and investigated the differences in association with pure fruit juice consumption between low and high fruit consumers. A validated FFQ was used to estimate dietary intake of 34 560 participants (26·0 % men and 74·0 % women) aged 20–69 years from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Netherlands study. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox regression after average follow-up of 14·6 years. Compared with no consumption, pure fruit juice consumption up to 7 glasses/week – but not consumption of ≥8 glasses – was significantly associated with reduced risk of CVD and CHD, with HR from 0·83 (95 % CI 0·73, 0·95) to 0·88 (95 % CI 0·80, 0·97). Consumption of 1–4 and 4–8 glasses/week was significantly associated with lower risk of stroke with HR of 0·80 (95 % CI 0·64, 0·99) and 0·76 (95 % CI 0·61, 0·94), respectively. Associations did not differ considerably between low and high fruit consumers. The highest three quintiles of fruit consumption (≥121 g/d) were significantly associated with lower incidence of CVD, with HR of 0·87 (95 % CI 0·78, 0·97) and 0·88 (95 % CI 0·80, 0·98). In conclusion, although we observed favourable associations of moderate pure fruit juice consumption with CVD, for now consumption of whole fruit should be preferred because the evidence of the health benefits of fruit is more conclusive.
New Entropy Restrictions and the Quest for Better-Specified Asset-Pricing Models
Authors: Bakshi Gurdip , Chabi-Yo Fousseni
Published: November 2018

This article proposes the entropy ofm2(mis the stochastic discount factor) as a metric to evaluate asset-pricing models. We develop a bound on the entropy ofm2whenmcorrectly prices a finite number of returns and consider models that pass the lower bound onm, yet fail the lower bound onm2. Interpreting our results, we elaborate on the distinction between the entropy ofm2versus the entropy ofm. We further show that the entropy ofm2represents an upper bound on the expected excess (log) return of the security with the payoff ofm.
Identifying key targets for interventions to improve psychological wellbeing: replicable results from four UK cohorts
Authors: Stochl J. , Soneson E. , Wagner A.P. , Khandaker G.M. , Goodyer I. , Jones P.B.
Published: November 2018

Background

An increasing importance is being placed on mental health and wellbeing at individual and population levels. While there are several interventions that have been proposed to improve wellbeing, more evidence is needed to understand which aspects of wellbeing are most influential. This study aimed to identify key items that signal improvement of mental health and wellbeing.

Methods

Using network analysis, we identified the most central items in the graph network estimated from the well-established Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). Results were compared across four major UK cohorts comprising a total of 47,578 individuals: the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network, the Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey, the Northern Ireland Health Survey, and the National Child Development Study.

Results

Regardless of gender, the three items most central in the network were related to positive self-perception and mood: ‘I have been feeling good about myself’; ‘I have been feeling confident’; and ‘I have been feeling cheerful’. Results were consistent across all four cohorts.

Conclusions

Positive self-perception and positive mood are central to psychological wellbeing. Psychotherapeutic and public mental health interventions might best promote psychological wellbeing by prioritising the improvement of self-esteem, self-confidence and cheerfulness. However, empirical testing of interventions using these key targets is needed.
Competing Discourses of Household Food Insecurity in Canada
Authors: Mendly-Zambo Zsofia , Raphael Dennis
Published: November 2018

Household food insecurity (HFI) impacts over 1.7 million households in Canada with adverse effects upon health. As a signatory to numerous international covenants asserting that access to food is a human right, Canadian governments are obliged to reduce HFI, yet Canadian governments have done remarkably little to assure that Canadians are food secure. In the absence of government action, HFI has spawned numerous non-governmental means of managing the problem such as food banks, feeding programs, and community gardens and kitchens. These efforts have depoliticized the problem of HFI, making its solution more difficult. Solving HFI is also complicated by the presence of five competing discourses of HFI in Canada: nutrition and dietetics, charitable food distribution, community development, social determinants of health, and political economy which offer differing causes and means of responding to HFI. We argue that the least considered discourse – the critical materialist political economy discourse – best accounts for the presence of HFI in a liberal welfare state such as Canada and provides the most effective means of responding to its presence.
Brooks Receives 2018 Natural Hazards Section Award for Graduate Research
Authors:   AGU
Published: November 2018

Edward Brooks will be awarded the 2018 Natural Hazards Section Award for Graduate Research. He will be formally presented with the award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2018, to be held 10–14 December in Washington, D.�C. The award recognizes “one or more promising young scientists engaged in studies of natural hazards and risks” and is given “in recognition of outstanding contributions achieved during their Ph.D. (or highest equivalent terminal degree) research.”
Variability of Winter Snow Properties on Different Spatial Scales in the Weddell Sea
Authors: Arndt Stefanie , Paul Stephan
Published: November 2018

The snow cover on Antarctic sea ice persists during most of the year, contributing significantly to the sea ice mass budget due to comprehensive seasonal transition processes within the snowpack as well as at the snow/ice interface. Consequently, snow on sea ice varies not only in depth but also in particular in its physical characteristics such as snow density and stratigraphy. In order to quantify the heterogeneous nature of the Antarctic snowpack on different spatial scales, that is, small (<10 m), floe‐size (1‐2 km), and regional (seasonal/perennial ice) scales, we present here a case study of snow analyses in the Weddell Sea in austral winter 2013. The resulting high variability of snow parameters in the basal snow layer reveals the need to distinguish between seasonal and perennial ice regimes, when retrieving, for example, snow depth using satellite microwave radiometry. Considering the full vertical snow column, a more detailed distinction of the perennial sea ice regime into, for example, more ice classes is suggested in order to represent the high variability range. For the internal snowpack variability, however, we identify the grain size variability as the main driver, while snow density variations can be neglected. Moving from regional to floe‐size scales, a similar variability range of the studied snow properties is found, suggesting that a large number of snow samples on a few floes is more crucial than covering a large region with fewer floe‐scale measurements. The spatiotemporally heterogeneous variability in snow accumulation, redistribution, and metamorphism is, however, too large to upscale the given findings beyond regional scale.