bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choice of Materials and Constructive Settlements of Sliding Wall Interchangeable Body
Authors: Zaynitdinov Olmos , Komichenko Stanislav
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Material choice and construction development of sliding wall for interchangeable body with expanding side walls and roof. Methods: Development and calculation of interchangeable body sliding wall construction were being fulfilled according to several technical-normative documentations with the help of engineering programs COMRAS- 3Dv18.1 and SOLIDWORKS 2016. Mechanical trials of samples were held on the basis of Petersburg Transport University in Mechanical Laboratory named after Prof. Belelyubskiy N. A. Results: interchangeable body slide door construction has been developed. The variants of samples of interchangeable body side wall of various materials and construction are proposed. Sample “on location” trials to define mechanical properties were pursued. The results on experimental and theoretical research to define stress-deformable sample states for interchangeable body sliding side walls ‘re given. Practical importance: The developed construction of sliding wall with various material application makes it possible to lower tare mass of new being projected interchangeable and removable bodies with expanding slide walls and roof wherein preserving own strength characteristics.
Determination of Energy Consumption in Synchronous Traction Generators of Diesel Locomotives Under Various Workload Conditions
Authors: Kurilkin Dmitry
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To develop a methodology for determining energy consumption in synchronous traction generators depending on implemented workload mode. To calculate traction characteristics of a locomotive it is necessary to obtain analytical dependences of energy losses in a synchronous traction generator from rotation frequency of its shaft, electric current and voltage at rectifier plant. To solve the problem of determining significance of various components of losses in a synchronous traction generator under different operating modes. Methods: Investigation of all components of energy losses in a traction synchronous generator. Conclusion of analytical dependencies that allow calculating all components of losses in generator depending on its design parameters by obtaining constant coefficients that depend on design parameters of generator. Results: The values of capacity spending for energy conversion in a synchronous traction generator are determined. The obtained dependences allow us to perform refined analysis of losses in a traction drive. It is shown that the capacity of mechanical losses at a nominal speed reaches 50 kW, capacity of electrical and magnetic losses can reach 20 kW. Practical importance: The results obtained allow us to clarify the amount of energy consumption in a traction drive of locomotives and improve the accuracy of traction calculations. The nature of the change in losses in a synchronous traction generator depending on speed, voltage and current at the output of rectifier plant and its design parameters is shown. The results can be used, among other things to clarify traction characteristics of locomotives.
Factors Affecting Additional Pressure Distribution from Ground Construction on Subway Tunnels
Authors: Sokornov Anton , Kon'kov Aleksandr , Novikov Anatoliy , Benin Andrey
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To analyze the factors affecting pressure distribution from ground construction on subway tunnel linings. Method: Mathematical modeling by finite element method of a system that includes a soil massif, an interstation tunnel lining and a load from ground building foundation. Results: The type of additional pressure distribution graph from ground construction inviolate massif and in the massif, which stress-strain state is distorted by tunneling, is established. It is found that the change of additional pressure is directly proportional to load change as by depth as well as by distance from foundation axis; this law is preserved at any other parameter change (in inviolate soil massif and in the massif which stress-strain state is changed by tunneling, at various ways of tunneling modeling, at the use of various geomechanical soil models). It is established that the value of additional pressure from ground construction practically doesn’t depend on tunneling modeling method. The difference between the results at soil description via Mohr-Coulomb model and via its modification is substantiated. Practical importance: It is shown the possibility to determine accurately the amount of additional pressure from ground construction on tunnel lining without having information on tunneling method.
Introdução à seção especial "Temas emergentes em Gestão da Inovação e Empreendedorismo"
Authors: Galina Simone Vasconcelos Ribeiro , Dias Ana Valéria Carneiro
Published: June 2022

Esta seção da Revista Brasileira de Inovação inclui 3 artigos selecionados daqueles apresentados no Encontro da Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Administração (EnANPAD), que ocorreu em outubro de 2020. A seção especial introduz tópicos referentes a temas Emergentes em Gestão da Inovação e Empreendedorismo, que são relacionados a diversos modos de descontinuidades e desafios para gestão da inovação das organizações, estimulando, assim, transformação de setores, geração de novos negócios e novas epistemologias. Portanto, esta seção especial da revista enfatiza a relevância da temática e da necessidade de sua valorização por pesquisadores, educadores, gerentes e para a formulação de políticas públicas.
Living on Digital Flatlands: Assemblies of Computer Vision
Authors: Reid Alex
Published: June 2022

Drawing on radical media archeology and assemblage theory, this article investigates assemblages of computer vision as they construct new spatiotemporal relations and new capacities for seeing and acting.
Ovarian cancer resistance to PARPi and platinum-containing chemotherapy
Authors: Summey Rebekah , Uyar Denise
Published: June 2022

Epithelial ovarian cancer remains the most lethal female malignancy despite options for systemic therapy and the emergence of targeted therapies. Although initial response to therapy is observed, recurrence and ultimately chemoresistance result in overall therapeutic failure. This pattern has been evident with platinum therapy since the 1980s. Significant excitement surrounded the approval of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition (PARPi) as a novel therapeutic option, especially with the advent of personalized medicine, but resistance has similarly developed to these treatments. Novel agents are constantly being sought, but if the obstacle of chemoresistance remains, the durability of responses will remain tenuous. Unraveling the multifactorial mechanisms of platinum and PARPi resistance is increasingly important as a therapeutic failure with current strategies is almost assured. Focusing greater efforts on expanding the current understanding of the complex nature of platinum and PARPi chemoresistance has tremendous potential to improve clinical outcomes.
GD2+ cancer stem cells in triple-negative breast cancer: mechanisms of resistance to breast cancer therapies
Authors: Nguyen Khoa , McConnell Emily , Edwards Orielle , Collins-Burow Bridgette M. , Burow Matthew E.
Published: June 2022

Research has led to the development of tailored treatment options for different cancers in different patients. Despite some treatments being able to provide remarkable responses, nearly all current treatments encounter the same issue: resistance. Here, we discuss our experiences with how breast cancers resist therapies. The focus of our discussion revolves around the cancer stem cell subpopulation and their mechanisms for resistance.
Persistent EGFR/K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation drives chemo-resistance and early tumor relapse in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Tang Amy H. , Hoefer Richard A. , Guye Mary L. , Bear Harry D.
Published: June 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype. It disproportionately affects BRCA mutation carriers and young women, especially African American (AA) women. Chemoresistant TNBC is a heterogeneous and molecularly unstable disease that challenges our ability to apply personalized therapies. With the approval of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) for TNBC, the addition of pembrolizumab to systemic chemotherapy has become standard of care (SOC) in neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) for high-risk early-stage TNBC. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy significantly increased the pathologic complete response (pCR) and improved event-free survival in TNBC. However, clinical uncertainties remain because similarly treated TNBC partial responders with comparable tumor responses to neoadjuvant therapy often experience disparate clinical outcomes. Current methods fall short in accurately predicting which high-risk patients will develop chemo-resistance and tumor relapse. Therefore, novel treatment strategies and innovative new research initiatives are needed. We propose that the EGFR-K-RAS-SIAH pathway activation is a major tumor driver in chemoresistant TNBC. Persistent high expression of SIAH in residual tumors following NACT/NST reflects that the EGFR/K-RAS pathway remains activated (ON), indicating an ineffective response to treatment. These chemoresistant tumor clones persist in expressing SIAH (SIAHHigh/ON) and are linked to early tumor relapse and poorer prognosis. Conversely, the loss of SIAH expression (SIAHLow/OFF) in residual tumors post-NACT/NST reflects EGFR/K-RAS pathway inactivation (OFF), indicating effective therapy and chemo-sensitive tumor cells. SIAHLow/OFF signal is linked to tumor remission and better prognosis post-NACT/NST. Therefore, SIAH is well-positioned to become a novel tumor-specific, therapy-responsive, and prognostic biomarker. Potentially, this new biomarker (SIAHHigh/ON) could be used to quantify therapy response, predict chemo-resistance, and identify those patients at the highest risk for tumor relapse and poor survival in TNBC.
Characterization of freshwater snail intermediate hosts of schistosomes in four communities from Osun State, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ugbomoiko Uade S. , Kareem Issa I. , Awe Doyinsola O. , Babamale Abdulkareem O. , Gyang Pam V. , Nwafor Timothy E. , Akinwale Olaoluwa P.
Published: June 2022

Aim: Freshwater snails of the genus Bulinus act as essential intermediate hosts of Schistosoma haematobium, a trematode parasite that causes urogenital schistosomiasis. The snails are widely distributed throughout Nigerian waters. Since species identification of the Bulinus snails is important for appropriate control strategies of urogenital schistosomiasis, this study therefore aimed at identifying the Bulinus species responsible for transmission of the infection in four communities located in an endemic Local Government Area of Nigeria. It also aimed at using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) as a more affordable method than sequencing to characterize Bulinus snails from schistosomiasis endemic regions in Nigeria. Methods: In this study, 100 freshwater snails morphologically identified as Bulinus species were collected from four communities located in a previously reported schistosomiasis endemic Local Government Area (LGA), namely Olorunda LGA in Oshun State, Southwest Nigeria. All snails were screened for schistosome infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the DraI gene. Molecular identification of the snails was done by PCR amplification of their entire internal transcribed spacer region including the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and RFLP. Results: Five of the 100 snails were positive for schistosome infection. PCR-RFLP profiles showed bands of different sizes for 26 other snails including the schistosome-infected ones. RFLP analysis showed that 11 of the snails belonged to the freshwater snails of the genus Physa while 13 belonged to the freshwater snails of the genus Bulinus, including Bulinus globosus (8) and B. truncatus (5). The species of the remaining two snails could not be resolved using the reference profiles from our previous studies. Conclusion: This study confirmed previous observations that limited morphological uniqueness within the Bulinus groups hinders their identification, and RFLP is a cheaper alternative method to sequencing that can be used by laboratories with limited resources for Bulinus species identification.
Mengaburnya Ruang Publik dan Ruang Privat dalam Praktik Konsumsi Media Baru
Authors: Wahyudi Risky , Nugroho Heru
Published: June 2022

The boarding room is a private room for students, but it is constantly changing due to the development of communication technology. This research shows that the media have found a barrier between the public and the private. By using the spatial ethnography method, this study finds that media consumption in boarding rooms has an impact on the way the occupants condition the private space zone. Data was collected by observation and interviews. The discussion is carried out by conducting a dialogue with field findings with the study of bedroom culture, which is offered by Siân Lincoln. This concept assumes that when young people (red: students) consume media in private spaces, they are actually at the crossroads between public and private. The findings of this study reveal that the presence of media in boarding rooms can open communication portals, thus giving rise to various mediated activities. This has made the boarding room an integral space, as well as a center for student activities. The student, when consuming media, can arrive at the reality of the world between the physical and the virtual world. This opens up opportunities for activities and controls that were previously public to enter their boarding rooms.
Pengaruh Terpaan Informasi Keluarga Berencana terhadap Intensi Penggunaan Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang
Authors: Amin Kholidil , Hadisiwi Purwanti , Ratna Suminar Jenny , Dida Susanne
Published: June 2022

Family Planning (FP) is a program continuously promoted by the Government of Indonesia to control population growth. One of the government's efforts is to increase long-acting contraceptive methods (LAPM). Information about FP and LAPM is important for couples of childbearing age deciding on contraceptive method choice. This research uses the theory of planned behavior, and the present study examines the effect of information exposure about FP on intentions to use LAPM, mediated by several factors forming behavioral intentions. The present study conducted a cross-sectional survey of 74 women of childbearing age in Kampung KB RW01 Pringgokusuman, Yogyakarta City. PLS-SEM (Structural equation modeling) was employed to test the model's fit and path analysis. The present research found that information exposure to FP predicts attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control related to LAPM. The results also showed that the intention to use LAPM is significantly influenced by information exposure about FP mediated by subjective norms but not mediated by attitude and perceived behavioral control. The present study also discusses the implications of these findings for the theoretical realm and the practical domain of FP.
Structure and Evolution of Sensor Ecosystem to Forecast Emerging Scientific and Technological Directions
Authors: Coccia Mario , Roshani Saeed , Mosleh Melika
Published: June 2022

How do sensor research and technologies grow over time? This paper applies the network analysis with a new computational approach to map the structure and evolution of sensor research and technologies over a 30-year time frame (1990-2020).The goal of this study is to analyze the evolution of ecosystem in sensor research for forecasting emerging technological trajectories. Results show that the scientific interaction within ecosystem (represented with networks) of sensor generates a co-evolution of research fields supporting the accelerated growth of different technological trajectories, such as: wireless sensors, fiber optic and optical sensors, gas and biosensors. Results suggest main theoretical implications that explain the evolution of sensor research with critical aspects of innovation management to support R&D investments towards new technological trajectories having a high potential of growth.
Microstructural Study of CrNiCoFeMn High Entropy Alloy Obtained by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Campari Enrico Gianfranco , Casagrande Angelo
Published: June 2022

The high entropy alloy (HEA) of equiatomic composition CrNiFeCoMn and with FCC crystal structure was additively manufactured with a selective laser melting (SLM) process starting from mechanically alloyed powders. The as produced alloy shows finenitride and  phase pre-cipitates, which are Cr-rich and stable up to about 900 K. The precipitates increase in number and dimensions after long-period annealing at 900-1300 K, with a change in the HEA mechanical properties. Higher aging temperatures in furnace, above 1300 K, turn the alloy in a single FCC structure, with disappearance of the nitrate and  phase precipitates inside the grains and at the grain boundaries, but with still a presence of a finer Cr-rich nitride precipitation phase. These re-sults suggest that the as-produced HEA is a supersatured solid solution at low and intermediate temperature with nitrides and  nanostructures.
Storyboarding HIV Infected Young People’s Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Lower to Upper Middle-Income Countries: A New-Materialist Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Hendricks Lynn A , Young Taryn , Van Wyk Susan , Matheï Catharina , Hannes Karin
Published: June 2022

Young people living with perinatal infections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (YLPHIV) face a chronic disease, with treatment including adherence to life-long antiretroviral treatment (ART). The aim of this QES was to explore adherence to ART for YLPHIV as an assemblage within the framework of the BPS model with a new materialist perspective. We searched up to November 2021 and followed the ENTREQ and Cochrane guidelines for QES. All screening, data extraction and critical appraisal was done in duplicate. We analysed and interpreted the findings innovatively, by creating images of meaning, a storyboard, and storylines. We then reported the findings in a narrative first person story. We included 47 studies and identified 9 storylines. We found that treatment adherence has less to do with humans’ preferences, motivations, needs and dispositions, and more to do with how bodies, viruses, things, ideas, institutions, environments, social processes, and social structures assemble. This QES highlights that adherence to ART for YLPHIV is a multisensorial experience in a multi agentic world. Future research into rethinking the linear and casual inferences we are accustomed too in evidence-based health care is needed if we are to adopt multidisciplinary approaches to address pressing issues such as adherence to ART.
Exploring International Faculty’s Perspectives on Their Campus Life by PLS-SEM
Authors: Chen Chia Chi , Chang Dian-Fu
Published: June 2022

Building sustainable campuses has become a priority for various higher education institutes (HEIs). Internalization is one of the important tasks in the progress. Therefore, attracting and maintaining international faculty has converted to action for various internationalized campuses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has impacted most of the citizens’ life, while the international faculty members’ life might be tight during this period. The purpose of this study is to explore the perspectives of international faculty members on their life in higher education institutes by using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Using a self-compiled online survey, we invited 80 international faculty members of HEIs in Taiwan to investigate this issue. The survey covers career and professional status, teaching and research status, and demographics of the faculty. This study proposes a novel conceptual framework for addressing international faculty’s campus life, the design will examine the relationships among working conditions, views of institutions, views of government’s measures, and levels of satisfaction through PLS-SEM. The demographic profile of the participants revealed (a) most international faculty are employed full-time as lecturers or assistant professors in most public universities; (b) most international faculty members earned their first degree outside of Taiwan; however, 66% of them earned their post-doctoral degrees in Taiwan. The results of PLS-SEM suggest that the international faculty perspective of government is more directly related to their current work satisfaction and overall satisfaction. The designed model has shown work well to assess this issue. This can be extended to other higher education settings to tackle similar issues.
Multi-View and Shift Rasterization Algorithm (MVSR) for Effective Identification of Ground in Dense Point Clouds
Authors: Štroner Martin , Urban Rudolf , Línková Lenka
Published: June 2022

With the ever-increasing popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles and other platforms providing dense point clouds, universal filters for accurate identification of ground points in such dense clouds are needed. Many filters have been proposed and are widely used, usually based on the determination of an original surface approximation and subsequent identification of points within a predefined distance from such surface. In this paper, we present a new filter. This Multi-view and shift rasterization algorithm (MVSR) is based on an entirely different principle, i.e., on the identification of just the lowest points in individual grid cells, shifting the grid along both planar axis and subsequent tilting of the entire grid – after each of these steps, one lowest point per cell is detected. The principle is presented in detail and compared both visually and numerically to other commonly used ground filters (PMF, SMRF, CSF, ATIN) on three sites with different ruggedness and vegetation density. Visually, the MVSR filter showed the smoothest and thinnest ground profiles, with ATIN the only filter performing comparably (although the profiles were somewhat thicker and not as complete as MVSR-acquired ground). The same was confirmed when comparing ground filtered by other filters with the MVSR-based surface. The goodness of fit with the original cloud is demonstrated by the root mean square deviations (RMSD) of the points from the original cloud found below the MVSR-generated surface (ranging, depending on site, between 0.6-2.5 cm). ATIN again performed closest to MVSR, with RMSDs of ground filtered points found above MVSR-based surface at individual sites ranging between 4.5-7.4 cm. The remaining filters performed comparable in the simplest flat area but poorly in rugged and much-vegetated sites, with RMSDs above the MVSR surface ranging at such sites from 21 to 95 cm. In conclusion, the novel filter presented in this paper performed outstandingly at all sites, identifying the ground points with great accuracy while filtering out the maximum of vegetation/above-ground points. The filter dilutes the cloud somewhat; in such dense point clouds, however, this can be perceived rather as a benefit than as a disadvantage.
Antiferromagnet on Pyrochlore Lattice in Spherical Approximation
Authors: Bundaru Raluca Stefania
Published: June 2022

We develop an 1/n expansion method for the systematic approxi- mation of the solutions of classical spin systems (tri-dimensional vec- tors) which can describe general spin-spin interactions and phases with complex magnetization pattern. This method is applied to study the phase transitions observed in pyrochlore crystals (e.g. Gd2 Ti2 O7 ) and the results have qualitative agreement with the experimental ones.
Proteomic Discovery and Validation of Novel Fluid Biomarkers for Improved Patient Selection and Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Alzheimer’s Disease Patient Cohorts
Authors: Awasthi Shivangi , Spellman Daniel S. , Hatcher Nathan Galen
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline. The two cardinal neuropathological hallmarks of AD include buildup of cerebral β amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. The current disease-modifying treatments are still not effective enough to lower the rate of cognitive decline. The paucity of early detection and disease progression biomarkers also seems to present a major obstacle to AD drug development. The current established readouts based on expression levels of amyloid beta, tau and phospho tau have shown many discrepancies in patient samples when linked to disease progression. There is an urgent need to identify diagnostic and disease progression biomarkers from blood, CSF or other biofluids that can facilitate early detection of the disease and provide pharmacodynamic readouts for new drugs being tested in clinical trials. Advances in proteomic approaches using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, are now being increasingly applied to study AD disease mechanisms, identify drug targets and novel disease biomarkers. In this report, we describe applications of the quantitative proteomic approaches for understanding AD pathophysiology, summarize the current knowledge gained from proteomic investigations of AD and discuss development and validation of new predictive and diagnostic disease biomarkers.
FedAAR: A Novel Federated Learning Framework for Animal Activity Recognition with Wearable Sensors
Authors: Mao Axiu , Huang Endai , Gan Haiming , Liu Kai
Published: June 2022

Deep learning dominates automated animal activity recognition (AAR) tasks due to the high performance on large-scale datasets. However, constructing centralised data across diverse farms raises data privacy issues. Federated learning (FL) provides a distributed learning solution to train a shared model by coordinating multiple farms (clients) without sharing their private data. Whereas directly applying FL to AAR tasks often faces two challenges: client-drift during local training and gradient conflicts during global aggregation. In this study, we develop a novel FL framework called FedAAR to achieve AAR with sensor data. Specifically, we devise a prototype-guided local update module to alleviate the client-drift issue, which introduces global prototypes as shared knowledge to force clients to learn consistent features. To reduce gradient conflicts between clients, we design a gradient refinement-based aggregation module to eliminate conflicting components between client gradients during global aggregation, thereby improving the agreement between clients. Experiments are conducted on a public dataset to verify FedAAR’s effectiveness, which consists of 87,621 2-s motion data. The results demonstrate that FedAAR outperforms state-of-the-arts, with precision (75.23%), recall (75.17%), F1-score (74.70%), and accuracy (88.88%), respectively. The ablation experiments also show FedAAR’s robustness against various factors (i.e., different data sizes, communication frequency, and client numbers).
Creating Biomimetic Examples: A Design Method with Scientific Results
Authors: Hoorn Johan F.
Published: June 2022

Prospective end-users rated aptness, creativity, and innovativeness of biomimetic examples that featured different relationships to create combinations (e.g., used for) between nature and technology. Against common theorizing, similarity was not the most profound for creativity but rather appearance, being part_of, and property_of were. Creativity explained most of the variance in the level of innovation with aptness of the design in a strong supporting role. The focus of conceptualization shifted from ‘creation as new things coming from new ideas’ to ‘innovation as new ideas leading to new things.’ Results are interpreted in the Chinese context of utility. Both in education and industry, the use of 5*5 research grids with rating scales may work as a design method to develop and select functional variants during early design.
A Case Report: Multifocal Necrotizing Encephalitis and Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination against Covid-19
Authors: Mörz Michael
Published: June 2022

The current report represents a case of a 77-year-old man with Parkinson’s disease who died three weeks after receiving his third COVID-19 vaccination in January 2022. The patient was first vaccinated in May 2021 with the ChAdOx1 nCov- 19 vector vaccine, followed by two more doses with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in July and December 2021. The family of the deceased requested an autopsy due to the ambivalent clinical features noted before death. The underlying illness (Parkinson’s disease) was confirmed by autopsy. However, no sign of a florid COVID-19 was discovered. Meanwhile, the immunohistochemical staining of the brain and heart revealed previously undiagnosed conditions. The brain, in distinctive, revealed multifocal necrotizing encephalitis with massive inflammatory lymphocyte infiltrates. In addition, the heart showed signs of serious myocarditis. Finally, immunohistochemical staining revealed that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was evident in the tissues investigated. Based on these immunohistochemical findings, it appears that the inflammatory changes in the patient's brain tissues are most likely the result of immunological processes. Concurrently, the absence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-protein was evidenced, indicating that the detected spike-protein is unrelated to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. If such an infection was the cause of the spike protein, the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein would also be detectable. As a consequence, the confirmed presence of the spike protein had to be attributed to the previous vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine that the deceased patient had received.
Study of Cell Migration under Mechanical Confinement in Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip
Authors: Sala Federico , Ficorella Carlotta , Osellame Roberto , Käs Josef A. , Martínez Vázquez Rebeca
Published: June 2022

Understanding cell migration is a key step to unravel many physiological phenomena and predict several pathologies, like cancer metastasis. In particular, mechanical confinement has been proved to be a key factor in the cellular migration strategy choice. As our insight in the field improves, new tools are needed in order to empower biologists’ analysis capabilities. In this framework, microfluidic devices have been used to engineer the mechanical stimuli and to investigate cellular migration response in a more controlled way. In this work, we will review the existing technologies employed in the realization of microfluidic cellular migration assays, namely soft lithography of PDMS and hydrogels and femtosecond laser micromachining. We will give an overview of the state of the art of these devices, focusing on the different geometrical configurations that have been exploited to study specific aspects of cellular migration. Our scope is to highlight the advantages and possibilities given by each approach and to envisage the future developments in in-vitro migration studies under mechanical confinement in microfluidic devices.
Estabilidad de color de dientes acrílicos inmersos en una solución pigmentante
Authors:   , Rojas Saldivar Jessica Paola
Published: June 2022

Introducción: El uso de prótesis parciales y totales son alternativas de tratamiento integral en rehabilitación oral que nos permite devolver la estética, autoestima y capacidad para socializar entre los pacientes que hacen uso de estas. Es importante que los dientes acrílicos artificiales que se usan en estas prótesis presenten propiedades beneficiosas como la estabilidad de color. Objetivo: Comparar la estabilidad de color de dientes acrílicos inmersos en una solución pigmentante. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental, in vitro. El estudio se realizó en 40 dientes acrílicos de dos marcas comerciales sumergidas en café y agua destilada (control), divididas en 4 grupos de 10 dientes cada uno, G1 (dientes Duratone-n® sumergidos en agua destilada), G2 (dientes Duratone-n® sumergidos en café), G3 (Dientes Ivostar® sumergidos en agua destilada) y G4 para (Dientes Ivostar® sumergidos en café). Los especímenes fueron sumergidos en su respectiva solución durante 10 minutos al día por un periodo de 14 días. Finalmente las muestras fueron almacenadas en una incubadora a una temperatura constante de 37°C. El color se registró en dos tiempos (tiempo inicial y a los 14 días) utilizando el espectrofotómetro Vita Easyshade® V. Una vez obtenidos los resultados se analizaron en el programa Stata 14. Resultados: Los dientes Ivostar® sumergidos en café (2.24) y agua destilada (2.88) exhibieron los mayores valores de ΔE en comparación con los dientes Duratone-n® sumergidos en café (1.53) y agua destilada (1.60). Conclusión: Se concluyó que después de la exposición al café los dientes acrílicos artificiales de la marca Duratone-n® presentaron mayor estabilidad de color en comparación con los dientes de la marcar Ivostar®.
Gestión de calidad y su relación con la formación académica del piloto civil en las escuelas de aviación civil del Perú - 2021
Authors:   , Muñoz Quintana Jonathan Franco
Published: June 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre la gestión de calidad y la formación académica del piloto civil en las escuelas de aviación civil del Perú. Esta investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, con método hipotético deductivo, tipo aplicada, nivel correlacional, con diseño no experimental y corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 80 colaboradores de tres áreas: Pilotos comerciales, pilotos de línea aérea y pilotos instructores. Los instrumentos obtuvieron un alfa de cronbach, GC (0.898) y FA (0.962). Los resultados indicaron una relación positiva moderada, con un Rho de Spearman (0.509), siendo la prueba significativa con un p valor = 0.000 <0.05. lo que indica que sólo existe una relación lineal moderada entre las variables. Se concluyó que a una mejor gestión de calidad existe una alta formación académica, corroborando lo explicado por Cortés (2016).
Control interno y rentabilidad de la empresa comercializadora de combustible Inversiones Mye SAC del distrito de Lurigancho - Chosica, 2020
Authors:   , Huamani Carrasco Maribel
Published: June 2022

La investigación se centra en determinar si existe una relación entre el control interno y la rentabilidad de la comercializadora de combustible Inversiones M Y E SAC en el Distrito Lurigancho – Chosica durante el año 2020. La metodología empleada es descriptiva, no experimental y de tipo cuantitativo, para lo cual se aplicó un cuestionario a los colaboradores de la entidad. Como resultado, se afirma que sí existe una relación entre las variables al contar con una correlación positiva mediana, de un valor de 0.468, lo cual quiere decir que el control interno de la entidad es bajo y ello se ve reflejado en el periodo del 2020.
El pobre soporte social y su asociación con la dependencia en pacientes hospitalizados geriátricos del Hospital del Centro Médico Naval CMST en el periodo 2017 - 2019
Authors:   , Cisneros Montoya Abraham , Fanola Campos Franco Rodrigo
Published: June 2022

Introducción: La dependencia se define como la pérdida de la autonomía y el relego del cuidado propio a terceras personas; por otro lado, os vínculos sociales son esenciales en la etapa del envejecimiento. En la actualidad se ha dado mayor valor al concepto de la dependencia social, el cual es un problema para muchas personas adultas mayores, por ende, una ausencia de supervisión, en el contexto de una enfermedad, tiene como consecuencia una mayor dependencia y una vida más corta. Objetivo: Determinar si existe asociación entre el riesgo social y la dependencia en los adultos mayores hospitalizados del Centro Médico Naval Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara en el periodo del 2017 - 2019. Métodos: Es un estudio observacional analítico transversal. Se utilizaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados del Centro Médico Naval Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara, del servicio de geriatría desde el año 2017 al 2019. Con un nivel de confianza de 95% se realizó en análisis en el programa STATA 16 se evaluó la asociación de soporte social y dependencia con Chi2 de Pearson. Resultados: Del total de 301 pacientes geriátricos post alta, analizados en nuestro estudio se concluyó que la gran mayoría de ellos eran varones (81.73%). Los pacientes con dependencia funcional viven mayormente en casa propia (99.41%) a diferencia de los que no son dependientes (98.47%), teniendo un p no significativo (p=0.58). En los pacientes con dependencia funcional hay un 44.12% de pacientes con riesgo social; por ende, se concluye que las personas dependientes tienen un soporte social un poco más alto que las personas independientes y ello podría deberse a que las personas con dependencia funcional requieren mayor atención de los familiares por los propios requerimientos de salud y la red social se fortalece más con un p significativo (p=0.02)...
For profit and progress: Rethinking the role of the private sector in humanitarian action
Authors: Murphy Kilian T. , Salonga Edwin M. , Zaman Ashfaque
Published: June 2022

Key global frameworks and guiding strategies including the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 highlight the value of the private sector in the fields of humanitarian action and disaster risk management (DRM). Nonetheless, the fundamental ‘business case’ for commercial enterprises to be actively engaged in DRM and addressing humanitarian crises still requires further examination and evidence-based consideration to determine mutually beneficial value addition. This paper provides a conceptual overview of the shift in the private sector’s engagement in humanitarian action and DRM. It also considers how such engagement with the private sector has corresponded with a heightened recognition for commercial enterprises to safeguard their own business operations from disaster events while implementing development interventions that address the needs of populations affected by disasters.
A pilot study on result reporting rates from clinical trials of regenerative medicines
Authors: Negoro Takaharu , Okura Hanayuki , Hayashi Shigekazu , Arai Tsutomu , Matsuyama Akifumi
Published: June 2022

Sharing the methods and results of clinical trials with full transparency is an ethical obligation for those involved in clinical research. However, a poor results reporting rate has been pointed out, with approximately half of the trial results not been reported. It has been suggested that one of the reasons behind this could be the influence of the sponsors that conduct the clinical trials. In our previous trend analysis on regenerative medicine for stroke, we became suspicious of the low result reporting rate of the gene and/or cell therapy trials. For this reason, a multivariate analysis using data from ClinicalTrials.gov was performed to identify the factors affecting the low result reporting rate, expanding our study to four different kinds of neurological diseases and regenerative medicine as a treatment modality when small-molecule compounds and biologics were set up as controls in addition to the sponsor type factor. As a result, the following factors were identified as the independent causes of an increase in the low reporting results rate to ClinicalTrials.gov: stroke (as disease area), trials completed between 2005 and 2007, clinical phases II and IV, and gene/cell therapy (as treatment modality). On the other hand, big pharmaceutical companies were identified as a factor that increased the reporting results rate to ClinicalTrials.gov. When we applied result reporting publications via PubMed as an index, our study data revealed that the following factors were not identified as the cause for a decrease in the reporting results rate: stroke (as disease area), trials completed between 2005 and 2007, and gene/cell therapy (as treatment modality). In this context, our findings indicate that gene/cell therapy has led to the suppression of the result reporting rate to ClinicalTrials.gov. This confirmed our initial suspicion of the low result reporting rate of gene/cell therapy trials. We believe that further studies are required to elucidate the factors affecting the result reporting rate from the perspective of disease area and treatment modality.
Performance of Broiler Chickens Induced With Field Isolates of Eimeria Tenella, Treated With Methanolic Leaf Extract and Leaf Powder of Adansonia Digitata
Authors: Ogbaje Christopher Igoche , Kaha Samuel Tersur , Abah Helen O
Published: June 2022

Coccidiosis poses a serious threat to the poultry industry globally due to the great economic losses. The development of resistance strains to the available synthetic drugs is another major issue. Consequently, a study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of methanolic leaf extract and leaf powder of Adansonia digitata (baobab tree or monkey- bread tree), in feed to treat coccidiosis. In treated groups oocysts output reduced from + 10 per microscopic field (mf) to + 1 but remained high (+ 10) in control group. Feed consumption, weigh gain, feed conversion ratio, Packed cell volume, serum total protein and red blood cell were significantly (P < 0.05) high in treated groups but low in the untreated group from infection (from 24 day old) to end of observation (56 day old). However, the value of WBC (2.28×1012/l) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in negative group than treated groups from infection (24 day old) to the end (56 day old) of the experiment. Ballooned caeca, haemorrhagic intestinal mucosa, thickened intestinal wall, blood clots in the intestinal lumen and pin point haemorrhages in the intestine of the untreated group were observed. No gross lesions were noticeable in treated groups except the group treated with leaf powder, which revealed thickening of intestinal wall. Methanolic leaf extract and powder of the plant proved effective against broiler coccidiosis and can enhance performance.
Delta Tuning: A Comprehensive Study of Parameter Efficient Methods for Pre-trained Language Models
Authors: Ding Ning , Qin Yujia , Yang Guang , Wei Fuchao , Yang Zonghan , Su Yusheng , Hu Shengding , Chen Yulin , Chan Chi-Min , Chen Weize , Yi Jing , Zhao Weilin , Wang Xiaozhi , Liu Zhiyuan , Zheng Hai-Tao , Chen Jianfei , Liu Yang , Tang Jie , Li Juanzi , Sun Maosong
Published: June 2022

As pre-trained language models (PLMs) have become the fundamental infrastructure for various NLP tasks and researchers have readily enjoyed themselves in the pretraining-finetuning paradigm, evidence from emerging research has continuously proven that larger models tend to yield better performance. However, despite the welcome outcome, the process of fine-tuning large-scale PLMs brings prohibitive adaptation costs. In fact, fine- tuning all the parameters of a colossal model and retaining separate instances for different tasks are practically infeasible. This necessitates a new branch of research focusing on the parameter-efficient adaptation of PLMs. In order to unleash the imagination of the possible advantages of such methods, not limited to parameter efficiency, we coined a new term delta tuning from a morphological point of view to refer to the original “parameter efficient tuning”. In contrast with the standard fine-tuning, delta tuning only fine-tunes a small portion of the model parameters while keeping the rest untouched, largely reducing both the computation and storage costs. Recent studies have demonstrated that a series of delta tuning methods with distinct tuned parameter selection could achieve performance on a par with full-parameter fine-tuning, suggesting a new promising way of stimulating large-scale PLMs. In this paper, we first formally describe the problem of delta tuning and then comprehensively review recent delta tuning approaches. We also propose a unified categorization criterion that divides existing delta tuning methods into three groups: addition-based, specification-based, and reparameterization-based methods. Though initially proposed as an efficient method to steer large models, we believe that some of the fascinating evidence discovered along with delta tuning could help further reveal the mechanisms of PLMs and even deep neural networks. To this end, we discuss the theoretical principles underlying the effectiveness of delta tuning and propose frameworks to interpret delta tuning from the perspective of optimization and optimal control, respectively. Furthermore, we provide a holistic empirical study of representative methods, where results on over 100 NLP tasks demonstrate a comprehensive performance comparison of different approaches. The experimental results also cover the analysis of combinatorial, scaling and transferable properties of delta tuning. To facilitate the research of delta tuning, we are also developing an open-source toolkit, OpenDelta2, that enables practitioners to efficiently and flexibly implement delta tuning on PLMs. At last, we discuss a series of real-world applications of delta tuning.
How to Accurately Detect and Assess the Street Trees Risk in Mega Cities: A Tree Risk Assessment Method and Its Application
Authors: He Kun , Wei Longlong , Wang Benyao
Published: June 2022

Traditional visual tree assessment based on rapid diagnosis is suitable for the rapid, large-scale assessment of urban tree risks, but it cannot accurately determine internal decay in trunks and underground root systems, may leading to highly subjective evaluation results. A risk matrix-based street tree risk assessment system was established by combining a visual tree assessment method, nondestructive detection techniques, information acquisition, and data analysis using a geographic information system (GIS). The method was used to conduct risk detection and assessment on 1,001 street trees with a diameter at breast height greater than 40 cm on 14 streets in a Historic Features Protection Area of Shanghai. The result showed that: 1) The branch and the trunk risk possibility of the vast majority of street trees were at level 2 or below, while the root risk possibility of more than one third of the trees was at level 3 or above. 2) The risk level of 23% of the trees in the protected area was moderate or above, while that of most of the other trees was at a negligible or acceptable level. The risk consequence severity level was high for trees on Tianping Road but low for trees on Donghu Road and Taojiang Road. 3) The street tree risk level shows a strong correlation with the presence of tree cavities, diseases and insect pests, the depth and range of root distribution, leaning, and internal decay in trunks, and the risk points are concentrated in the trunk and root system. Conducting a risk assessment of street trees based on precision diagnosis techniques can improve the scientific rigor of the assessment. The results of this work can provide a basis for the accurate assessment of street trees risk in some large cities, which provides a new assessment system for the trees risk assessment in important urban areas, and the approach is conducive to the refined management of urban greening trees.