bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study in Surface Modification of Silica in Silicone Rubber
Authors: Liu Jie Sheng , Li Dong Lai , Yu Jun , Zhang Zong Wang
Published: March 2012

Silica fillers are well known to improve the mechanical properties of elastomers.Nevertheless, the silica filler particles tend to aggregate and affect the properties of the elastomer. In the present study, the silica filler was modified by silane coupling agent (A-151) in order to improve the dispersion of the filler in silicone rubber. The composites samples added with surface treated silica filler was characterized by FT-IR, bound rubber, and fluorescent microscope with that reinforced by the unmodified filler as a comparison. FT-IR results evidences the successful surface modified by silane coupling agent. Bound rubber contents of the origin silica filler are much lower than that of the silica filler with the silane coupling agent treatment. The modified silica-filled shows a better dispersion than that of the origin silica filler and the agglomeration of filler occurs in the unmodified silica-filler compounds.
Research of Target Motion Model in Polar Coordinates Based on Dynamic Systems
Authors: Zhao Sheng Jie , Wang Chuan
Published: March 2012

Abstract:Aiming at the nonlinear observation problem of target motion model in Cartesian coordinates, a novel target motion model in polar coordinates is proposed based on dynamic systems with analysis of scientific data materials. This paper has done about the target motion model in polar coordinates corresponding to CV model and CA respectively and simulated with Monte Carlo. The experimental results indicate that the target motion model is all agreed with targets motion in fact and can be used to describe the targets motion. Simulations show that state estimation of the KF based on the target motion mode with analysis of dynamic systems is efficient.
Experimental Study of the Real Gas Flow in Microtubes
Authors: Zhao Qing Min , Yue Xiang An , Wang Fei
Published: March 2012

The flow characteristics of nitrogen in microtubes with diameters of 14.9, 10.1, 5.03 and 2.05μm are investigated experimentally under high pressure conditions. The results show that the high pressure flow characteristics of nitrogen in microtube with the diameter of 14.9μm are in accordance with the classical fluid mechanics theory. However, with the decrease of the inner diameter of microtube, gas flow shows an apparent microscale effect and the results depart from the theoretical predictions of the conventional theory, moreover the smaller the diameter, the stronger the microscale effect. Besides, the high pressure microscale effect can not be characterized by the Knudsen number, which is proposed for studying rarefaction effect at low-pressure. Because of the existence of high-pressure microscale effect, it is inappropriate to study the real gas seepage characteristic in reservoir through the flow experiment at low pressure.
The Side Effect of Spin Precession and Quantum Interference in a Four-Terminal Nano Device with Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling
Authors: Wang Hui Xian , Li Li Ben , Kang Da Wei
Published: March 2012

We propose a four-terminal nano device made of quantum wires with Rashba spin-orbit (SO) coupling. In each terminal there are several independent channels formed with quantum wires. The coherent transmission of electrons in such a nano system is a combined effect of quantum interference and spin precession. When defining two opposite terminals as source and drain leads, the charge and spin currents in channels of other two terminals exhibit spatial distributions which reflect the competition between spin precession and quantum interference during the tunneling of electrons. Since the four-terminal nano device is geometrically simple for the moving paths of charge and spin, our investigation may shed some light on the basic physical picture on this issue.
Analysis on High Temperature Oxidation of U71Mn Steel under CO2
Authors: Zhao Zeng Wu , Li Yong Zhi , Li Bao Wei , Li Shuo , Wu Wen Fei
Published: March 2012

Isothermal oxidation kinetics of U71Mn steels under pure CO2 at 1073--1473K are experimentally studied in this paper. The oxidation kinetic results are similar: mass increase per unit area as function of oxidation time nearly follows linear role for long time, with a more rapid increase at the begin. Oxidation rate constants of the steel under pure CO2, from 1073K to 1473K, keep exponential law as function of oxidation time.
Differential Gene Expression in Incompatible Interaction between Phytophthora capsici and Capsicum annuum
Authors: Jia Qing Li , Gong Zhen Hui , Li Da Wei
Published: March 2012

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L) is an important economic vegetable crop in worldwide, however the pepper blight caused by Phytophthora capsici has been epidemic in many countries. Little is known about pepper–oomycete interactions at the molecular and genetic levels. The objective of this study was to identify transcriptionally regulated genes during an incompatible interaction between pepper and P.capsici using cDNA-AFLP technique. A total of 100 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were sequenced. The result revealed that 84 (88.0%) TDFs produced specific sequences, among which 19 TDFs had relatively clear functions in various categories. Seven TDFs (9.5%) shared high similarities with defense- or stress-related proteins. The TDFs identified in this study will serve as candidates for further studies to determine their functions and dissect the molecular networks involved in the pepper- P.capsici interactions.
Study on Synergy Mold Preservation to Bamboo with Extractives
Authors: Peng Wan Xi , Wu Feng Juan , Xue Qiu , Lin Zhi
Published: March 2012

In order to mold preservation to bamboo, the effect of the extractives from 28 tree leaves on bamboo biology mildewing was studied basing on full-factor test. The result was as follows: (1) The inhibition rate became lower for steam time longer. (2) The effects of soaking time and boiling time were all small at steam time of 1h. And The effects of Cinnamomum camphora leaves were better than ones of Cedrus deodara leaves. (3) Soaking, water boiling and steaming had synergy mold preservation to bamboo by Cinnamomum camphora tree root, Cinnamomum camphora leaves and Cedrus deodara leaves.
The Martensitic Transformation Behavior of the TiNi in TiNi/Ti2Ni Composite Synthesized in Molten Salts
Authors: Yang Rui Song , Li Ming Tian , Cui Xue Jun , Liu Chun Hai , Jin Yong Zhong
Published: March 2012

In this paper the TiNi/Ti2Ni composite powders has been synthesized by the chemical reaction between titanium and nickel powders in high temperature molten salts. Results of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the reverse martensitic transformation of the prepared TiNi powder in the TiNi/Ti2Ni composite powders. The backscatter electron images of the scanning microscopy (SEM) of the end-products before washing by distilled water showed that the synthesized TiNi/Ti2Ni composite particles were captured by the molten salts, which revealed the mechanism of the chemical reaction in molten salt.
Numerical Analysis on the Characteristics of Settlement Deformation of the High Rock-Filled Embankment during the Construction Period
Authors: Wang Shu Fang , Xu Xian Da , Yang Cheng Zhong
Published: March 2012

Embankment filling is a process step by step. The influences of its filling height changes on the stress and deformation can not be reflected in a load. However, in the actual construction, it leads to quality accident in embankment construction that filling usually doesn’t control the thickness according to the requirement of construction specification. In order to reveal the stress and strain law of about 72 m high rock-filled embankment during the construction, and provide a scientific reference to construction quality control of the embankment, according to the typical cross section of the Hurongxi highway, using two loading modes to simulate the embankment filling, the internal stress, strain and corresponding graphics of different control points of the embankment under the various loads were presented. The results of the two loading modes are analyzed and compared. It shows that the settlement, stress and construction quality control points of the embankment are different and larger under the different loading
The Synthesis of Cu0.81Ni0.19 Intermetallics by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Yang Rui Song , Li Ming Tian , Liu Chun Hai , Cui Xue Jun , Jin Yong Zhong
Published: March 2012

The Cu0.81Ni0.19 has been synthesized directly from elemental powder of nickel and copper by mechanical alloying. The alloyed Cu0.81Ni0.19 alloy powders are prepared by milling of 8h. The grain size calculated by Scherrer equation of the NiCu alloy decreased with the increasing of milling time. The end-product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Preparation and Characterisation of CaP-Containing Coating on Magnesium Alloy by Micro-Arc Oxidation and Hydrothermal Treatment
Authors: Chang Li Min , Xu Dan Dan , Liu Wei
Published: March 2012

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) together with hydrothermal treatment had been performed to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy. The oxide films were hydrothermally heated at 150°C for 2h. The morphology of samples were characterized by SEM/EDS. The phase compositions were examined by TF-XRD. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated by electrochemical methods in Hank’s solution. The MAO films displayed porous and rough structure and were mainly composed of MgO and MgAl2O4. After hydrothermal treatment, a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) coating formed on the oxide film. The corrosion resistance of the MAO film and DCPD coating was increased by about 12 and 40 times higher than that of bare magnesium alloy.
Graphite Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles Produced by Ball-Milling and Annealing a Mixture of Expanded Graphite and Iron Powders
Authors: Bi Chang Bo
Published: March 2012

Graphite encapsulated iron nanoparticles were prepared by ball-milling and subsequently annealing a mixture of expanded graphite and iron powders. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The formation mechanism of the nanoparticles was discussed. The results show that the nanoparticles have a size range of 20-150 nm, and graphite and iron in the nanoparticles have a higher crystallinity
Effect of Agitation on Sorption Behavior of Expanded Graphite for Methyl Orange in Water and Crude Oil Floated on Water
Authors: Wang Hong Mei
Published: March 2012

Expanded graphite was used for absorbing methyl orange in water and crude oil floated on water. The effect of agitating sorption system including crude oil or methyl orange, water and expanded graphite on the sorption behavior of expanded graphite for the two materials was investigated, and the sorption mechanism of expanded graphite for the two materials was discussed. The results show that agitating sorption system is advantageous for the methyl orange sorption, but disadvantageous for the crude oil sorption.
Anti-Friction Effect of Ball-Milled Expanded Graphite/Fe Powders
Authors: Li Hui Xin
Published: March 2012

A mixture of expanded graphite and iron powders was ball-milled in a high-energy mill under an air atmosphere. The milled powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The anti-friction effect of the powders used as lubricating additive was investigated by a tribo-tester. Results show that the powders have an obvious anti-friction effect, and the effect is associated with the crystallization degree of the milled expanded graphite depending on the milling time, the higher the crystallization degree, the higher the anti-friction effect
Rejection of Arsenopyrite in a High As-Containing Pyrite Concentrate by Inorganic Depressants
Authors: Liu Si Qing , Tong Xiong , Lan Zhuo Yue , Ji Cui Cui
Published: March 2012

In order to utilize the high As-containing pyrite concentrate in Datun concentrator, SW China, flotation tests has been conducted by applying the inorganic depressants to produce a marketable product. By means of orthogonal experimental design, the optimized levels and main factors have been found for the roughing stage in flotation. Through selection of the effective inorganic depressants for arsenopyrites in flotation system, the main As-containing mineral (arsenopyrite) can be effectively depressed and separated from the said pyrite concentrate, containing 33.1% S, and only 0.48 % As by one-stage roughing and two-stage cleaning flotation operations
Cobalt Ion Extraction from Wastewater by P204 Microemulsion Saponified
Authors: Huang Du Shu , Yu Jin Gang , Xiao Rui Min , Li Zi Jing , Sun Li Da
Published: March 2012

The extraction process of cobalt using microemulsion system saponified with P204 as extracting agent was studied. The influence of initial concentration, the concentration of P204, initial pH, the extracting time and the concentration of cobalt and nickel on extraction coefficient were also studied. Experimental results show that the saponification microemulsion system using P204 as extractant is thermodynamic stable, and it can separate cobalt better. The optimum conditions were achieved as: the initial concentration is 0.05 mol/L, pH is 2; The concentration of P204 is 10%, extraction time is 10 min; The volume ratio of organic phase to water phase is 2:1.
Separation of Cobalt and Nickel from Wastewater by P204 Microemulsion Saponified
Authors: Huang Du Shu , Yu Jin Gang , Yi Zhong Zhou , Jiang Yan , Chen Ya Shun
Published: March 2012

The separation process of cobalt and nickel using microemulsion system saponified with P204 as extracting agent was studied. The influence of initial concentration, the concentration of P204, initial pH, the extracting time and the concentration of cobalt and nickel on separation coefficient were also studied. Experimental results show that the saponification microemulsion system using P204 as extractant is thermodynamic stable, and it can separate cobalt and nickel better. The optimum conditions were achieved as: the initial concentration is 0.05 mol/L, pH is 2, the concentration of P204 is 8%, extraction time is 10 minutes, the volume ratio of organic phase to water phase is 2:1.
Studies on Oxidation of Noradrenaline Using CuPc as Catalyst
Authors: Li Ming Tian , Yang Rui Song , Yu Lan Yin
Published: March 2012

The oxidation of noradrenaline (NA) using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as catalyst was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis. The influence factors of catalytic efficiency, such as catalytic time and temperature, the pH value of solution and the amount of CuPc, have been investigated. The results indicated that NA could be effectively catalyzed by CuPc and the product was trihydroxyl-indole
The Application of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy on Detection of Engine Crankshaft Bearing Abnormal Sound
Authors: Chen Li Dan
Published: March 2012

By now, it is hard for an effective determination of the engine abnormal sound according to the existing auscultation method based on human experiences and diagnosis aided by instruments. For this reason, the author presented an innovative method that was by the using of atomic absorption spectroscopy technology for a rapid determination of the engine crankshaft bearing abnormal sounds. Major metals contents (Cu and Pb) in 20 batches of Audi A6 engine lubricating oil were detected by atomic absorption spectrometry. Samples were taken from the oil of mileages from 5000km to 69000km and 3000km intervals. Then the databases of main metal contents of different driving miles were built within the same vehicle type. This study showed that the main metal contents were fluctuating with the increasing of driving miles within certain range. For the practical application, we built a connection between engine abnormal sound faults and the major metal contents in the engine lubricating oil. By comparing the metal contents in problem engine with the established contents changing trends chart, we could get a rapid determination about the engine abnormal sound fault without disintegration of the car. To sum up, the achievements of this study helped to reduce vehicle maintenance costs and improved the fault diagnosis accuracy in abnormal sound of engine crankshaft bearing.
The Mechanical Property of Milk Protein Fiber
Authors: Yang Qing Bin
Published: March 2012

To research basic property of milk protein fibre, basic property of milk protein fiber and wool were tested and analysed. Through analysing and contrasting each property it is considered that in dry state the strength of milk protein fiber is close to the soybean protein fiber and bigger than wool, the dynamic and static friction coefficient of milk protein fiber is bigger than that of soybean protein fiber. Crimpability of milk protein fiber is worse than that of wool.
Study on the Relation between the Properties and the Blended Ratio of Soybean Protein Fiber/Fine-Polyester Blended Yarn
Authors: Yang Qing Bin
Published: March 2012

The strength and elongation, the unevenness and the number of hairiness of the soybean protein fiber/fine-polyester blended yarn are tested. By the analysis of these results, the optimum blended ratio of the blended yarn is determined.
The Fiber Optic Biosensor for Noradrenaline Concentration Detection Based on CuPc Catalysis
Authors: Li Ming Tian , Yang Rui Song , Yu Lan Ying
Published: March 2012

To detect noradrenaline (NA) concentration, a fiber optic biosensor based on CuPc catalysis and fluorescence quenching was fabricated and studied. The dissolved oxygen and NA content were evaluated by the phase delay φ. A linear relationship between φ and NA concentration was observed in the range from 2.4×106 to 9.2×105 M, and the detection limit was 4.6×107 M. The results indicated that the fiber optic biosensor exhibited good reproducibility and stability
Artificial Neural Network Compensation for an Optical Fiber Micro-Displacement Sensor in Positioning System
Authors: Cui Lu Jun , Shang Hui Chao , Zhang Gang , Chen You Ping , Li Yong
Published: March 2012

The present work investigates an optical fiber micro-displacement sensor based on artificial neural network. Owing to the micro-displacement sensor was affected by the variations and noises seriously, the artificial neural network was introduced to the micro-displacement sensor as compensation method, experimental results and numerical simulation indicated that the micro-micro-displacement sensor with artificial neural network could enhance the nonlinear correction for sensor and decrease the interferences effectively. Simultaneously, by way of the contrast test of the different neural network, experimental results showed that the linearity of full scope could reach 0.2% for micro-micro-displacement sensor based on BRF network, and concluded the BRF network was more suitable for compensation of optical micro-displacement sensor.
Some Considerations on Processing Cassiterite-Bearing Polymetallic Sulphide Ores in China
Authors: Liu Si Qing , Ge Bao Liang , Song Bao Xu , Wang Wan Ping
Published: March 2012

Tin resources are mainly distributed in Yunnan and Guangxi autonomous regions, China. Tin ores in these areas are characterized by polymetallic constituents, including copper, zinc, lead and other associated elements that can be recovered. Due to the complex mineral composition and texture of the ores, gravity concentration, flotation as well as some combined processing techniques used in some major concentrators are reviewed and discussed. Case study shows that the comprehensive utilization of the tin ores can be realized to produce some marketable products for smelters. But much work on recovery of the fine fractions of tin shall still be done to get a good processing performance for the resource sustainable development
Morphology Controlled Synthesis of ZnS(en)0.5 Nanostructures via a Novel Mixed-Solvent Solvothermal Process
Authors: Lu Qi Fei , Wang Da Jian
Published: March 2012

By using a mixed-solvent solvothermal process, we report a simple and general approach for the morphology controlled synthesis of well-defined ZnS(en)0.5(en=ethylenediamine) rectangular nanosheets. The structure, and morphology of the as-synthesized products were investigated by using XRD, SEM, and TEM. By continuously adjusting the ratio between ethylenediamine and ethylene glycol, cuboid nanocrystals, nanosheets, short nanorods and nanoparticles have been successfully achieved. This conclusive evidence shows that the ratio of solvents played a key role in the morphology-controlled synthesis process. The UV-vis absorption spectrum shows that the morphology evolution provides us an opportunity to structurally modulate physical property, i.e. the energy gap. This simple approach of modulating the physical property promises future application in applied optics, optoelectronic and luminescent instruments.
The Elasticity of PLA Fiber Blended Yarn
Authors: Yang Qing Bin
Published: March 2012

In order to describe the relation between the elasticity and the blended ratio of PLA fiber blended yarn, the elasticity of different kinds of blended ratio of PLA/Modal and PLA/cotton blended yarn was measured. The relation between the elasticity and the blended ratio of blended yarn is determined. The optimum blended ratio is analyzed.
Determination of Major Metals Contents in Engine Lubricating Oil Based on Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Li Dan , Zheng Yao Jun
Published: March 2012

In this paper, graphite oven atomic absorption spectroscopy was adopted to determine typical metals contents, iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), in engine lubricating oil for a rapid evaluation about engine wearing conditions. Samples were made into translucent micro-emulsion by adding Tween 80 and 1% nitric acid solution, and then Fe, Al and Cr contents were determined. The recovery rate of standard addition method was achieved as high as 95.3% to 101.1%, and relative standard deviation (RSD) of six times parallel tests were all less than 3%. The results indicated that the adoption of atomic absorption spectroscopy to predict engine wearing condition acquired the following advantages: high sensitivity, simple operation, pinpoint accuracy and excellent reproducibility.
Adsorption of Pb(II) by Silica/Yeast Composites from Aqueous Solution: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies
Authors: Ou Hong Xiang , Song Yu Jun , Li Ling Rui , Huang Wei Hong
Published: March 2012

Silica/yeast composites were prepared for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The effects of pH, contact time and initial concentration were examined. The optimum pH was 5.0. The kinetic data were investigated by pseudo-ﬁrst-order and pseudo-second-order models. The kinetic rates were better fitted to the pseudo-second-order model. The experimental data were fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich models to analyze the equilibrium isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir isotherm was 73.53 mg/g. The Langmuir isotherm was more favorable to describe the experimental data.
The Application of Carbon Fiber Composite Material for Sports Equipment
Authors: Bai Xue , Li Ning
Published: March 2012

With the development of science and technology, the requirements on the properties of new materials was increasing, the research and production of carbon fiber arriving an advanced stage. In the field of sports, carbon fiber composite material was widely used in sports equipment, this study illustrates the unique advantages of carbon fiber composite materials applied to sports apparatus, reveals the important role of carbon fiber and its composites on the modern sports development by describing the molding technology and typical examples
An Optimal Preventive Maintenance Model for a Structure
Authors: Zou Xiao Li
Published: March 2012

An optimal preventive maintenance scheduling model for deteriorating structures is presented. The random initial damage and the cumulative damages are quantitatively measured with the statistical distribution of a dominant fatigue crack size in the structure. The preventive maintenance for the structure in service is assumed to be possible only at a series of discrete times. By taking into account the costs of structure failure and preventive maintenance, a minimum cost rate criterion is established to determinate the optimal time for preventive maintenance. Finally, an illustrative example is given
MoS2/Al2O3 Composite Coatings on A356 Alloy for Friction Reduction
Authors: Peng Zhi Jing , Cheng Tse , Nie Xueyuan
Published: March 2012

A plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) ceramic coating process was used to form ceramic MoS2/oxide coatings on aluminum. The tribological properties of the PEO-MoS2 coatings were evaluated by sliding wear tests under the dry and lubricate conditions at the room temperature. The test results showed that the solid lubrication MoS2 can be integrated into the coatings for friction reduction. The role of solid lubrication in reducing friction coefficient has been exhibited more significantly in the oil test condition than in the dry test condition.
Tribochemical Study of Two Ashless Triazine Derivatives as Additives in Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Li Chao Long , Xiong Li Ping , Xiong Li Ting , Wang Wei
Published: March 2012

The ashless 2,4-bis-dipropylamino-6-(O,O’-dibuthyldithio- phosphate)-s-1,3,5- triazine (PrBT) and 2,4-bis-morpholinyl-6- (O,O’-dibuthyldithiophosphate) -s-1,3,5 -triazine (MoBT), were prepared and their tribological behaviors as additives in rapeseed oil(RSO) were evaluated using a four-ball tester. The worn surfaces of the steel balls were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results indicate that the additives possess good load-carrying capacities. Moreover, they both have good antiwear and friction-reducing property at relatively middle concentration(1~2 wt%) and under all test loads, and in some condition, these triazine derivatives can replace the zinc dialkylthiophosphate. The results of XPS analyses illustrate that the prepared compounds as additives in RSO forms a protective ﬁlm containing inorganic sulﬁde, sulfate, oxidized compounds and organic nitrogen-containing compounds on the metal surface during the sliding process.
Pregnant Women Shoes Design Based on Ergonomics and Mechanics
Authors: Shi Li Xia , Peng Wen Li , Lu Lei
Published: March 2012

The features of the pregnant woman's shoes design were analyzed based on ergonomics. Firstly, according to the group of pregnant woman foot's characteristics, three-dimensional foot-measuring instrument was used to measure the foot, the data of pregnant woman’s foot were collected and analyzed, the data of foot in designing of shoes were determined. Secondly, shoes market of pregnant woman were surveyed and analyzed to contrast between China and foreign status of pregnant woman shoes, to find the problems of pregnant woman's shoe design and to bring forward improvements. Finally, the sample of pregnant woman's shoes were designed and made, through the wearing tests of pregnant woman's shoes to attain the best scheme for pregnant woman, and build a set of system for evaluating comfort of pregnant woman’s shoes was built.
Structure Improvement on Dual Variable Gear Shaft of the Transmission for ZL50 Wheel Loader
Authors: Yin Zhan Shun , Han Yong Wei , Cai Xi Chun
Published: March 2012

Based on the CAE analysis. The dual variable gear shaft of the transmission for domestic ZL50 wheel loader was redesigned and the processing technology was optimized. The problem of the hardness of the spline which connects the dual variable gear shaft and the working hydraulic pump can not meet the requirements after heat treatment caused by unreasonable design was solved. The problem of the low geometric tolerance and early wear of the spline were solved. After practical application, the market feedback shows that the failure rate, service life and reliability greatly of new designed shaft were enhanced
Seasonal Dynamics of Fertilizer-Derived Hydrolysable NH3 in an Arable Soil of Northeast China
Authors: Lü Hui Jie , He Hong Bo , Zhang Xu Dong
Published: March 2012

Fertilizer applications to soil are widely known to be the most important anthropogenic sources to influence soil N turnover in agricultural ecosystems. More information is required on the relationships between soil organic N (SON) forms in order to predict the maintenance, transformation and stability of soil N. Accordingly, 15N-labeled (NH4)2SO4 (totally 200 kg N/ha) was applied to a maize crop throughout the entire growing period to investigate the distribution and the dynamics of fertilizer-derived N in hydrolyzable-NH3 fraction by measuring the labeled N in them. The accumulation of 15N in hydrolyzable-NH3 fraction was time-dependent although the total N concentration changed only slightly. The transformation of the residual fertilizer N to hydrolyzable-NH3-15N was maximal during the silking and grain filling stages, suggesting the fertilizer N was immobilized at an early stage during the growing period. The rapid decrease of 15N in hydrolyzable-NH3 pool indicated that hydrolyzable-NH3-15N was a temporary pool for fertilizer N retention and was able to release fertilizer N for uptake by the current crop
Synthesis of Novel Anionic Fluorinated Polyacrylate Emulsion and its Application in Leather Waterproofing
Authors: Xu Wei , Hao Li Fen
Published: March 2012

Novel anionic fluorinated polyacrylate emulsion (FLHA) was synthesized and characterized using Infrared spectrum (IR). Then it was used as waterproofing agent to treat wet blue leather and the effects of various parameters, such as dose of fluorinated acrylate emulsion, processing time, temperature, etc., on hydrophobic property of the treated crust leather were also investigated using single factor experimental method. Results showed that water contact angle (WCA) on the grain and flesh layers of the resultant leather had similar rule controled by dose of the FLHA, processing time and temperature and increased with augment of those factors. The most preferable processing parameters of the above factors were 6% (based on the weight of the treated wet blue leather), 60 minutes and 30 °C, repectively. Thus, WCA on the grain and flesh layers of the resultant leather could attain 130° and 136°.
Preparation and Application of Novel Cationic Fluorinated Polyacrylate Latex in Leather Waterproofing
Authors: Xu Wei , Hao Li Fen
Published: March 2012

Novel cationic fluorinated polyacrylate latex was synthesized and characterized using Infrared spectrum (IR). Then it was utilized as waterproofing agent to treat wet blue leather and the effects of various parameters, such as dose of fluorinated acrylate latex, processing time, temperature, etc., on hydrophobic property of the treated crust leather were also investigated using single factor experimental method. Results showed that water contact angle (WCA) on the grain and flesh sides of the resultant leather possessed similar rule controled by dose of the CFBDH, processing time and temperature and increased with augment of those factors. The most preferable processing parameters of the above factors were individually 6% (based on the weight of the treated wet blue leather), 60 minutes and 30 °C. Thus, WCA on the grain and flesh sides of the resultant leather could attain 136° and 143°.
Preparation of Carboxylated Polysiloxane and its Application in Leather Waterproofing
Authors: Xu Wei , Hao Li Fen
Published: March 2012

A dodecyl/amino functionalized polysiloxane (RASO) was firstly prepared by copolymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloane (D4), aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (KH-551), dodecylmethyldimethoxysilane (HD-109), and hexamethydisiloxane (MM) under basic catalyst. Then novel carboxylated polysiloxane (RCAS) was prepared by reaction of RASO with maleic anhydride. Finally RCAS was emulsified with alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) to form RCAS emulsions which were utilized in leather waterproofing. The as-synthesized RCAS was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, TEM, and Particles size distribution (PSD) analyses, respectively and effect of dose of RCAS emulsion on hydrophobicity of the treated crust leather was also investigated in this work. Results showed that RCAS emulsion particles presented an uniform sphere with an average diameter of 96 nm. When dose of RCAS emulsion was larger than 6% (based on the weight of wet blue leather), the RCAS treated leather possessed better water-repellent property and water contact angle (WCA) on the grain side and flesh side of that could attain 130° and 138°, repectively.
The Mystery of the Dark Energy Based on Energy Materials
Authors: Lu Jian Guo , Hu Ming
Published: March 2012

Recently the observations on the type Ia supernova has showed the accelerated expansion of the universe which can be used to illustrate by the “dark energy”. In order to understand the accelerated expansion of the universe and the dark energy, people study them based on two aspects: theoretical mechanism and cosmology observation restrictions. The simplest and the most frequently used models of the dark energy are the vacuum energy, cosmic constant model and quintessence model etc. The measurement of the universe can be used to identify the properties of the dark energy. The anisotropy of the type Ia supernova and cosmic microwave background radiation are the methods which commonly used to detect the dark energy, other methods are weak lensing, X ray gas group, high red shift gamma-ray burst and so on
Study on the Recycling Technical Measures of Deserted Wood Furniture Materials
Authors: Zhang Ji Juan
Published: March 2012

In order to strengthen the recycling of deserted wood material, it is important to use the techniques of furniture product recovery design, establish and improve the deserted furniture recycling system, and develop industry recycling technology. Which can reduce the pollution of the environment, and expand the raw materials sources of wood-based panel industry.
Electrochemical Sensing of L-Histidine Based on Structure-Switching Aptamer and Elongated Tetrahexaheral Gold Nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Zheng Bo , Mu Xiao Jiao , Li Jing , Li Li Dong , Guo Lin
Published: March 2012

A sensitive aptasensor for detection of L-histidine based on switching structure of aptamer and elongated tetrahexaheral gold nanocrystals (ETHH Au NCs) is presented. The introduction of L-histidine induced self-cleavage of aptamer on the ETHH Au NCs / glassy carbon electrode (GCE) into the solution and the ferrocene (Fc) moiety approached the electrode surface and produced measurable electrochemical signals. With the enhancement effect of ETHH Au NCs, a linear electrical response was observed for concentrations ranging from 1 pM to 0.1 μM, a lower detection limit was 0.1 pM. The proposed approach exhibited excellent selectivity against other amino acids. Such an aptasensor provides a promising strategy for screening other amino acids and toxic ions at ultratrace levels on line
N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine-Templated Formation of the Fluorescent Silver Nanocluster and its Application to Bioimaging
Authors: Xu Xiao Qing , Ga Lu
Published: March 2012

Herein, a novel kind of silver nanocluster is synthesized simply by mixing N-Acetyl-L-cysteine template with silver ions and reduction reagent (NaBH4, here). We used fluorescence assay, MALDI TOF MS, and TEM to characterize the silver nanocluster. The complex can be directly employed into bioimaging HeLa cells. The cell toxicity (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT) assay demonstrated that the silver nanocluster has only little affect on the cytotoxicity to the cells, which further proves the applicability of the method in tumor cell imaging. Our method displays a promising application space in future cancer researches.
Changes in Layer Properties and Physical Properties of Papers from Old Corrugated Container Fibres with PDADMAC/HEC Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
Authors: Yang Zhi Yuan , Shi Hai Zhen , Tang Yan Jun
Published: March 2012

In this paper, Old Corrugated Container (OCC) was used as the raw material for making paper. The layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly process of creating highly structured thin films was adopted to modify the surface of OCC fibres. Poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) have been used to build up polyelectrolyte multilayers on OCC fibres under a certain condition. Zeta potential analyzer was used to monitor the dynamic adsorption of PDADMAC and HEC with different amount on OCC fibers. Strength measurements of the sheets including tensile index and bursting index were also determined, showing a significant improvement in physical strength with the increase of adsorbed layer number. Compared with not being processed sheets, tensile index and bursting index of sheets from treated fibre with polyelectrolyte multilayers were raised by 36.65% and 49.50%, respectively. Furthermore, filtration time analysis of OCC fibre suspension showed that the built up of PDADMAC and HEC on OCC fibres could improve the fiber-fiber joint strength of joints from polymer-treated fibers, which made the filtration time decline from 30 s to 10.6 s. In addition, SEM was introduced to observe the morphology of the PDADMAC/HEC multilayers. The images revealed that the surface of OCC fibres structured a film like plastic, which could be ascribed to the adsorption layer of polyelectrolyte.
TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Unbleached Bagasse Pulp
Authors: Liu Meng Ru , Li Hai Long
Published: March 2012

In the paper, unbleached bagasse pulp was oxidized with sodium hypochlorite with catalytic amounts of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) and sodium bromide in water. After the TEMPO-mediated oxidation, the oxidized pulp were collected and characterized in terms of morphology, water retention values, crystallinity and deposition properties. The signiﬁcant changes in morphology were observed before and after the oxidation. Crystallinity of cellulose I was nearly unchanged during the oxidation. Water retention value of pulp can be increased from 68.9% to 70.7% by the TEMPO-mediated oxidation. The TEMPO- oxidized pulp was homogeneously dispersed in water when the pulp consistency is 0.1%.
CMAC Applied in Wind Power Prediction Based on Applied Mechanics
Authors: Shao Yi Chuan , Yao Xing Jia
Published: March 2012

Wind Power prediction is very important in the wind power grid management. This paper introduces how to use Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller(CMAC) to build a short-term wind power prediction model.CMAC and Back-propagation Artificial Neural Networks(BP) are used respectively to do the short-term prediction with the data from a wind farm in Inner Mongolia. After comparison of the results, CMAC is more stable, accurate and faster with less training data.. CMAC is considered to be more suitable to do the short-term prediction. All of the study are based on applied mechanics, which will be useful for energy engineering and mechanics study.
Influence of High Temperature Annealing in Nitrogen on Upconversion Luminescence of β-NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ Hexagonal Sub-Microplates
Authors: Zhao Jun Wei , Jia Tie Kun , Kong Xiang Gui
Published: March 2012

The pure β-NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ hexagonal sub-microplates were successfully prepared by the combination of coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods using sodium citrate as chelator. The size of them is about 600 nm × 400 nm (side length × thickness). The obtained sample was divided into two parts and one of them was annealed in nitrogen at 300 °C for 2 hours. The crystal structure of the β-NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ hexagonal sub-microplates before and after annealing treatment is hexagonal phase. Under the excitation of 980 nm diode laser, the upconversion luminescence intensity the sample after annealing is much stronger than that of the sample without annealing treatment. High temperature annealing process improved the crystallization of the sample, resulting in the decrease of the nonradiative relaxation and the enhancement of the upconversion luminescence.
Comparison between Microcosmic Characterizations of Propellants by SEM and AFM
Authors: Yang Chun Hai , Du Ping , Liao Xin
Published: March 2012

In order to obtain more detailed microcosmic information of propellants, NG propellant for example, characterization ways and conclusion analysis via SEM and AFM were introduced respectively. After comparison analysis of two experimental results, AMF gained more quantitative measurement results, such as friction force, topography, force-distance
Simulated Annealing Algorithm Optimization of the Deterred-Coating Propellant Charge Design
Authors: Liu Zhi Tao , Ji Dan Dan , Xu Bin , Jia Hong Xia , Liao Xin
Published: March 2012

In order to get better interior ballistic performance of deterred-coating propellant charge (DCPC), the simulated annealing algorithm optimization of DCPC carries out in this paper. The interior ballistic model of DCPC and its model of simulated annealing algorithm optimization are established based on the characteristics of deterred-coating propellant. Two key parameters of DCPC, the mass ratio of deterred-coating propellants to total propellants and the average perforation pressure of deterred-coating propellant，are optimized for the search of the maximum muzzle velocity under the restricting conditions of maximum chamber pressure and the maximum relative end point of combustion. The optimization results agree well with the standard charge parameters, which justifies the feasibility of the model.
Continuous Dynamic Recrystallization during Warm Deformation of Tempered Lath Martensite in a Medium Carbon Steel
Authors: Lee Un Hae , Kamikawa Naoya , Miyamoto Goro , Furuhara Tadashi
Published: March 2012

To Understand the Mechanisms of Accelerated Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior during the Warm Deformation of Martensites, the Tempered Lath Martensite of 0.4C Steel (Fe-0.399%C-1.96%Mn in Mass %) Was Deformed at 650 °C in Compression to Different Reductions, and Microstructural Evolution Was Investigated. During the Deformation, an Initial Lath Martensite Structure with a Complicated Morphology Was Gradually Changed into More Equiaxed Structure. After 50% Reduction and above, an Equiaxed, Fine Grained Structure Mainly Surrounded by High-Angle Boundaries Was Uniformly Formed with Dislocation Substructures, where the Dislocation Density in the Grains Is Relatively Low. Since there Was No Significant Boundary Migration during this Process, this Microstructural Evolution Can Be Termed as Continuous Dynamic Recrystallization.
Dynamic Strain Aging in Biomedical Co–Cr–Mo-Based Alloys with Nitrogen Doping
Authors: Yamanaka Kenta , Mori Manami , Li Yun Ping , Koizumi Yuichiro , Chiba Akihiko
Published: March 2012

The Plastic Deformation Behavior of a Biomedical Co–29Cr–6Mo–0.2N (wt.%) Alloy with a Fully γ (fcc) Matrix Was Studied by Compression Tests from Room Temperature to 1073 K. Serrated Stress–Strain Curves Caused by Dynamic Strain Aging (DSA) Was Clearly Observed at Temperatures of 773–973 K at a Strain Rate of 10−4s−1. Such a Flow Behavior Was Not Observed Significantly in other Conditions. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) Analysis Revealed that Deformation Microstructures with DSA Occurrence Exhibited a Large Lattice Distortion over the Grains, while Local Strain Preferentially Increased in the Vicinity of Grain Boundaries in the Specimen Deformed at Room Temperature. Dislocations Were Dissociated into Stacking Faults (SFs) Bounded by Shockley Partial Dislocations both before and after Deformation; the DSA Observed in this Alloy Would Originate from the Interactions between Nitrogen Atoms and the Partial Dislocations/SFs.
Difference of Microstructure and Fatigue Properties between Forged and Rolled Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Lee Yoon Seok , Niinomi Mitsuo , Nakai Masaaki , Hieda Junko , Maeda Takashi , Shirai Yoshihisa , Inagaki Ikuhiro
Published: March 2012

In the Present Study, the Effects of the Microstructural Morphologies of a Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) Alloy on its Fatigue Behavior Were Investigated. Ti-64 Bars Were Subjected to Two Different Thermo-Mechanical Processing Methods. The First Sample, Referred to as Material-A, Had a Forged Microstructure with the Average Primary α Volume Fraction of 44%. The Second One, Referred to as Material-B, Had a Hot-Rolled Microstructure with the Average Primary α Volume Fraction of 43%. Fatigue Tests Were Performed on each Sample to Obtain S-N Curves. The Microstructure of each Sample Was Observed Using an Optical Microscopy in Order to Measure the Grain Sizes of the Primary α and Secondary α Phases. The Results of the Fatigue Tests Indicated that Material-B Demonstrates Better Fatigue Strength than Material-A. The Microstructure of the Longitudinal Section of each Material Was Also Observed to Analyze the Results of the Fatigue Tests. The Measured Diameters and Volume Fractions of the Primary α Phases of the Two Types of Materials Are Similar. On the other Hand, the Secondary α Width of each Material Is Different. It Is Found that Fatigue Strength Is Related to the Width of the Secondary α Phase.
Effect of Microalloying Elements on Solidification Microstructure of the La(Fe0.89Si0.11)13 Alloy
Authors: Niitsu Kodai , Kainuma Ryosuke
Published: March 2012

The Effect of Microalloying Elements and Compounds, such as Be, B, C, P, S, Ti, V, Cu, Zn, in, BN, VN, Mn3N, LaN, MnS and Ti4C2S2, Ranging in Amount from 0.005 to 0.2 at.%, on the α-Fe + FeLaSi Two-Phase Microstructure of a La(Fe0.89Si0.11)13 as-Melted Specimen Was Investigated. The Addition of Mn3N Was Found to Contribute to α-Fe Grain Refinement to a Certain Extent, but to Harm the Uniform Growth of the τ1 Phase in the Stage of Subsequent Annealing.
Study on Microstructure and Property of Diffusion-Bonded Mo-Cu Joints
Authors: Zhang Jian , Luo Guo Qiang , Li Mei Juan , Shen Qiang , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: March 2012

Mo and Cu Were Bonded Successfully by Means of Vacuum Diffusion Bonding. The Interfacial Structure of the Joints Was Studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), the Mechanical Property Is Tested by Tensile Strength Measurement. The Results Showed that the Differentatoms Diffused to each other in the Bonding Process. A Mo-Cu Solid Solution Was Formed in the Joint and with No Intermetallic Compounds. The Tensile Strength of the Joint Increased with the Increasing of Temperature, however, while the Holding Time Increased, the Strength Increased in the First Stages and then Decreases. It Were Observed that the Fracture Mode of the Joints Was a Brittle Fracture.
Growth of b-Axis-Oriented BaTi2O5 Nanopillars by Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Guo Dong Yun , Ito Akihiko , Tu Rong , Goto Takashi
Published: March 2012

B-Axis-Oriented Bati2o5 Nanopillars Were Prepared on (100) Mgo Single Crystal Substrate by Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Ba and Ti Dipivaloylmethanate Precursors. B-Axis-Oriented Bati2o5 Nanopillars Were Approximately 250–400 Nm in Width and 2.5 μm in Height. Deposition Rate of Bati2o5 Nanopillar Arrays Was about 75 μm H−1.
Search for New Superconductors by Soft-Chemical Techniques
Authors: Kato Masatsune , Takamatsu Tomohisa , Yagyu Hotaka , Noji Takashi , Koike Yoji
Published: March 2012

Our Recent Works on the Search for New Superconductors Using Soft-Chemical Techniques Are Reviewed. We Have Found New Mg-Intercalated Superconductors of MgxZrNCl and MgxHFNCl with Tc ~ 13 K and 25 K, Respectively. Moreover, we Have Succeeded in Preparing Bulk Samples of Hole-Doped (La,Ca)2CuO4 with the Nd2CuO4-Type, Namely, the so-Called T’-Type Structure by Reduction of (La,Ca)2CuO4 with the K2NiF4-Type, Namely, the so-Called T-Type Structure Using CaH2 at a Temperature as Low as 300°C and Subsequent Oxidation. This Result Is in Contrast with the Synthesis of (La,Ca)2CuO4 with the K2NiF4-Type Structure by the Conventional Solid-State Reaction Method at a Temperature as High as ~1000°C.