bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successfully Transitioning an Interruptive Alert into a Noninterruptive Alert for Central Line Dressing Changes in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Knake Lindsey A. , Asbury Rachel , Penisten Shannon , Meyer Nathan , Burrel Keith , Davila Rebecca Chuffo , Wright Adam , Blum James M.
Published: August 2024

Background Interruptive alerts are known to be associated with clinician alert fatigue, and poorly performing alerts should be evaluated for alternative solutions. An interruptive alert to remind clinicians about a required peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) dressing change within the first 48 hours after placement resulted in 617 firings in a 6-month period with only 11 (1.7%) actions taken from the alert.

Objectives This study aimed to enhance a poorly functioning interruptive alert by converting it to a noninterruptive alert aiming to improve compliance with the institutional PICC dressing change protocol. The primary outcome was to measure the percentage of initial PICC dressing changes that occurred beyond the recommended 48-hour timeframe after PICC placement. Secondary outcomes included measuring the time to first dressing change and, qualitatively, if this solution could replace the manual process of maintaining a physical list of patients.

Methods A clinical informatics team met with stakeholders to evaluate the clinical workflow and identified an additional need to track which patients qualified for dressing changes. A noninterruptive patient column clinical decision support (CDS) tool was created to replace an interruptive alert. A pre–postintervention mixed-methods cohort study was conducted between January 2022 and November 2022.

Results The number of patients with overdue PICC dressing changes decreased from 21.9% (40/183) to 7.8% (10/128) of eligible patients (p < 0.001), and mean time to first PICC dressing changes also significantly decreased from 40.8 to 30.7 hours (p = 0.02). There was a universal adoption of the CDS tool, and clinicians no longer used the manual patient list.

Conclusion While previous studies have reported that noninterruptive CDS may not be as effective as interruptive CDS, this case report demonstrates that developing a population-based CDS in the patient list column that provides an additional desired functionality to clinicians may result in improved adoption of CDS.
Comparison of Sitting versus Nonsitting Position for the Resection of Brain Metastases in the Posterior Fossa in a Contemporary Cohort
Authors: Krauss Philipp , Motov Stefan , Vernik Tamara , Bonk Maximilian Niklas , Shmygalev Sergey , Kramer Katharina , Lehmberg Jens , Shiban Ehab
Published: August 2024

Background For surgery of brain metastases, good immediate postoperative functional outcome is of utmost importance. Improved functional status can enable further oncologic therapies and adverse events might delay them. Pros and cons of either sitting or prone positioning for resective surgery of the posterior fossa are debated, but contemporary data on direct postoperative outcome are rare. The aim of our study was to compare the functional outcome and adverse events of surgery for brain metastases in the sitting versus the nonsitting position in the direct postoperative setting.

Methods We retrospectively compared surgery of metastases located in the posterior fossa over a 3-year period in two level-A neurosurgical centers. Center 1 performed surgery exclusively in the sitting, while center 2 performed surgery only in the nonsitting position.

Results Worse functional outcome (Karnofsky performance scale) and functional deterioration were seen in the “sitting” group. We found significantly more “sitting” patients to deteriorate to a KPS score of ≤60%. In this study, treating patients with brain metastases in the sitting position resulted in a number needed to harm (NNH) of 2.3 and was associated with worse outcome and more adverse events.

Conclusion Therefore, we recommend the nonsitting position for surgery of brain metastases of the posterior fossa.
A Multicenter Study of Unplanned Hospital Readmissions after Transsphenoidal Surgery for Cushing's Disease
Authors: Pacult Mark A. , Karsy Michael , Evans James J. , Kim Won , Pacione Donato R. , Gardner Paul A. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Zada Gabriel , Rennert Robert C. , Silverstein Julie M. , Kim Albert H. , Kshettry Varun R. , Chicoine Michael R. , Little Andrew S.
Published: August 2024

Objectives Patients undergoing surgery for Cushing's disease may be more likely to be readmitted to the hospital than other patients with pituitary disorders. We investigated rates, causes, and predictors of unplanned readmission following transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease to identify areas for clinical, financial, and administrative improvements.

Design Retrospective cohort study.

Setting Academic pituitary centers in the United States participating in a multicenter surgical outcome registry.

Participants Five hundred and nineteen patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery for treatment of Cushing's disease by 26 surgeons at nine participating institutions from 2003 to 2023.

Main Outcome Measures Unplanned 90-day readmission rates and causes of readmission.

Results Unplanned readmissions occurred in 57/519 patients (11.0%), with hyponatremia in 12/57 (21%), cerebrospinal fluid leak evaluation in 8/57 (14%), epistaxis in 6/57 (10%), deep vein thrombosis in 4/57 (7%), syncope in 3/57 (5%), and headache in 3/57 (5%). Factors including no tumor on initial magnetic resonance imaging, return to the operating room during the index admission, lack of early remission, and inpatient complications were associated with a greater probability of readmission on univariate analysis. However, none remained predictive on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion Our results show that readmission rates after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease are comparable to previously reported rates for all pituitary-related disorders, with the most common reason being hyponatremia. High-impact clinical protocols focused on preventing delayed hyponatremia may reduce the risk of readmission. Failure to identify significant predictors of readmission, even in this large clinical dataset, underscores the challenge of identifying high-risk clinical cohorts.
A deep learning perspective on meteorological droughts prediction in the Mun River Basin, Thailand
Authors: Humphries Usa Wannasingha , Waqas Muhammad , Hliang Phyo Thandar , Dechpichai Porntip , Wangwongchai Angkool
Published: August 2024

Accurate drought prediction is crucial for enhancing resilience and managing water resources. Developing robust forecasting models and understanding the variables influencing their outcomes are essential. This study developed models that integrate wavelet transformation (WT) with advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models, increasing prediction accuracy. This study investigates the prediction of meteorological droughts using standalone bootstrapped random forest (BRF) and bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) models, compared to wavelet-decomposed hybrid models (WBRF, WBi-LSTM). These models were evaluated in the Mun River Basin, Thailand, utilizing monthly meteorological data (1993–2022) from the Thai Meteorological Department. The predictions were assessed using statistical metrics (R2, MAE, RMSE, and MAPE). For the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the hybrid WBRF model consistently outperformed the standalone BRF across various metrics and timescales, demonstrating higher R2 (0.89–0.97 for SPI-3) and lower error metrics (MAE: 0.144–0.21 for SPI-6, RMSE: 0.2–0.3 for SPI-12). Similarly, the hybrid WBi-LSTM model outperformed the standalone Bi-LSTM in SPI predictions, exhibiting higher R2 (0.87–0.91 for SPI-3) and lower error metrics (MAE: 0.19–0.23 for SPI-6, RMSE: 0.27–0.81 for SPI-12) across all timescales. This trend was also observed for the China Z-index, Modified China Z-index, Hutchinson Drought Severity Index, and Rainfall Anomaly Index, where hybrid models achieved superior performance compared to standalone models. The WBi-LSTM model emerged as the preferred choice across different timespans. The integration of WT enhanced the predictive accuracy of hybrid models, making them effective tools for drought prediction.
On-chip mid-infrared dispersive wave generation at targeted molecular absorption wavelengths
Authors: Lee Seong Cheol , Park Soobong , Suk Daewon , Hwang Joonhyuk , Ko Kiyoung , Cho Won Bae , Choi Duk-Yong , Ko Kwang-Hoon , Rotermund Fabian , Lee Hansuek
Published: August 2024

The mid-infrared wavelength region is one of the most important spectral ranges for a variety of applications in monitoring and controlling molecules due to the presence of strong characteristic absorption modes of many molecules. Among various mid-infrared light sources, on-chip supercontinuum sources have garnered significant attention for their high spatial coherence, broad spectral bandwidth, compact size, and dispersion controllability. However, generating a supercontinuum that extends into the molecular fingerprint region typically requires high-energy mid-infrared pump pulses from complex optical systems. In contrast, supercontinuum generated with 1550 nm pump sources, which are generally more compact, has shown limited access to the molecular fingerprint region. In this study, we developed an on-chip supercontinuum source with a dispersive wave generated at a targeted wavelength of up to 4800 nm using a coupled pump energy of about 25 pJ. The pump pulses at a wavelength of 2340 nm were generated from a relatively compact Cr:ZnS laser oscillator. The wavelengths of the generated dispersive waves closely matched the numerically predicted wavelengths. To demonstrate the applicability of the generated dispersive waves for spectroscopic purposes, molecular absorption spectroscopy was performed on the fundamental vibrational modes of 12CO2, 13CO2, and N2O. In addition, their pressures were quantitatively estimated using cepstrum analysis on the measured absorption spectra. The uncertainty in the measured pressure was close to the theoretical limit determined by the uncertainties in the absorption line shape parameters in the HITRAN database, demonstrating the potential of this mid-infrared light source for advanced spectroscopic applications.
Strain mediated ultra-high electron mobility in Ge-doped two-dimensional Ga2O3
Authors: Zeng H. , Ma C. , Wu M.
Published: August 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) Ga2O3 has been of particular interest recently since it exhibits overwhelming superiority over bulk β-Ga2O3; however, efforts to modify the carriers of 2D Ga2O3 are few both theoretically and experimentally. In this work, we study the biaxial strain mediated electronic structures and transport properties of Ge-doped 2D Ga2O3 using first-principles calculations with Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional and Boltzmann transport theory. The Ge-doped Ga2O3 shows excellent structure stability as suggested by its low formation energy of −3.99 eV, as well as phonon dispersion analysis and ab initio molecular dynamic simulation. The bandgap values of Ge-doped 2D Ga2O3 are tunable from 2.37 to 1.30 eV using biaxial strain from −8% compressive to +8% tensile because of the changeable σ* anti-bonding and π bonding states in the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum, respectively, as well as the decreased quantum confinement effect. Importantly, an ultra-high electron mobility up to 6893.43 cm2 V−1 s−1 is predicated in Ge-doped 2D Ga2O3 as the biaxial tensile strain approaches 8%. Our work highlights the enormous potential of Ge-doped 2D Ga2O3 in nanoscale electronics and suggests that Ge is an excellent dopant candidate toward optoelectronic applications.
All-thin film nano-optoelectronic p-GeSn/i-GeSn/n-GeBi heterojunction for near-infrared photodetection and terahertz modulation
Authors: Zhang Dainan , Zheng Youbin , Liao Yulong , Liu Cheng , Zhang Huaiwu
Published: August 2024

High-performance alloy thin films and large-sized thin film wafers for infrared applications are the focus of international researchers. In this study, doped Ge1−xSnx and Ge1−yBiy semiconductor alloy films were grown on a 5-in. silicon (Si) wafer using high-quality Ge films as buffer layers. An efficient technique is presented to reduce the dark current density of near-infrared photoelectric devices. By using boron for p-type doping in Ge1−xSnx films and bismuth (Bi) for n-type doping in Ge1−yBiy films, an all-thin film planar nano-p-i-n optoelectronic device with the structure n-Ge1−yBiy/i-GeSn/p-Ge1−xSnx/Ge buffer/Si substrate has been successfully fabricated. The photoelectric performance of the device was tested, and it was found that the insertion of p-Ge1−xSnx/Ge films reduced the dark current density by 1–2 orders of magnitude. The maximum photoresponsivity reached up to 0.8 A/W, and the infrared photocurrent density ranged from 904 to 935 μA/cm2 under a +1 V bias voltage. Furthermore, the device is capable of modulating a terahertz wave using a voltage signal with a modulation bandwidth of 1.2 THz and a modulation depth of ∼83%, while the modulation rate is 0.5 MHz. This not only provides a clear demonstration of how doped alloy films and the development of nano-p-i-n heterojunctions will improve photoelectric devices’ performance in the near-infrared and terahertz bands, but it also raises the possibility of optoelectronic interconnection applications being achieved through a single device.
Pre-fire assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards in the Santa Fe Municipal Watershed
Authors: Lopez Manuel , Margolis Ellis , Tillery Anne , Bassett Steve , Hook Alan
Published: August 2024

Background Wildfires are increasing in size and severity due to climate change combined with overstocked forests. Fire increases the likelihood of debris flows, posing significant threats to life, property, and water supplies. Aims We conducted a debris-flow hazard assessment of the Santa Fe Municipal Watershed (SFMW) to answer two questions: (1) where are debris flows most likely to occur; and (2) how much debris might they produce? We also document the influence of fuel treatments on fire severity and debris flows. Methods We modelled post-fire debris-flow likelihood and volume in 103 sub-basins for 2-year, 5-year, and Probable Maximum Precipitation rainfalls following modelled low-, moderate-, and high-severity wildfires. Key results Post-fire debris-flow likelihoods were >90% in all but the lowest fire and rain scenarios. Sub-basins with fuel treatments had the lowest burn severities, debris-flow likelihoods, and sediment volumes, but treatment effects decreased with increased fire severity and rain intensity. Conclusions Post-fire debris flows with varying debris volumes are likely to occur following wildfire in the SFMW, but fuel treatments can reduce likelihood and volume. Implications Future post-fire debris flows will continue to threaten water supplies, but fuel reduction treatments and debris-flow mitigation provide opportunities to minimise effects.
Prospect of Hexagonal CsMg(I1–xBrx)3 Alloys for Deep-Ultraviolet Light Emission
Authors: Xu 徐 Siyuan 思源 , Liu 刘 Zheng 政 , Xu 徐 Xun 勋 , Wei 魏 Su-Huai 苏淮 , Guo 郭 Yuzheng 宇铮 , Zhang 张 Xie 燮
Published: August 2024

Materials for deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light emission are extremely rare, significantly limiting the development of efficient DUV light-emitting diodes. Here we report CsMg(I1−x
Br
x
)3 alloys as potential DUV light emitters. Based on rigorous first-principles hybrid functional calculations, we find that CsMgI3 has an indirect bandgap, while CsMgBr3 has a direct bandgap. Further, we employ a band unfolding technique for alloy supercell calculations to investigate the critical Br concentration in CsMg(I1−x
Br
x
)3 associated with the crossover from an indirect to a direct bandgap, which is found to be ∼ 0.36. Thus, CsMg(I1−x
Br
x
)3 alloys with 0.36 ⩽ x ⩽ 1 cover a wide range of direct bandgap (4.38–5.37 eV; 284–231 nm), falling well into the DUV regime. Our study will guide the development of efficient DUV light emitters.
Effect of oxygen on the discharge characteristics of argon doped ethanol plasma jet and its application in surface modification of polyimide films
Authors: Jiao Jianqiang , Xia Wenjie , Wu Jinxin , He Bin , Tian Hao , Liu Yifan , Xu Guizhi
Published: August 2024

Doping a small amount of ethanol gas (EtOH) in argon can change the argon plasma jet from filamentary discharge mode to diffuse discharge mode, and further doping of trace oxygen can significantly enhance the composition and content of oxygen-containing active particles in the argon plasma. Based on this, the discharge characteristics of Ar + EtOH plasma jet under different concentrations of oxygen doping and its effect on the surface modification effect of polyimide (PI) films were investigated in this paper. It was found that the discharge characteristics of Ar + EtOH + O2 plasma jet deteriorate with the increase of oxygen doping concentration, but the oxygen doping concentration of 0–4000 ppm can still be stable, diffuse and the gas temperature is close to room temperature. Through the water contact angle (WCA) measurement and peel strength test, it was found that when the oxygen doping concentration was 800 ppm, the Ar + EtOH + O2 plasma jet treatment for 180 s had the best effect on the improvement of surface wettability and adhesion of the PI films, and the WCA was reduced from ∼71.9° to ∼17.6°. At the same time, the peel strength was increased from 122 N m−1 to 418 N m−1, which is an increase of ∼243%. Combined with the material characterization analysis, it was found that the surface roughness of the PI films was enhanced and more C–O and C=O bonds were grafted on the surface after the Ar + EtOH + O2 plasma jet treatment. Finally, through the two-dimensional axisymmetric argon-doped ethanol plasma jet hydrodynamic simulation analysis, it was found that when the working gas Ar + EtOH was doped with 800 ppm O2, the number density of OH did not change much, but the number density of O2
− was about 6 orders of magnitude higher than that of the non-doped O2. The mechanism that Ar + EtOH + O2 plasma jet could improve more wettability and bonding of PI films in a shorter treatment time was revealed.
Critical current of a layered high-temperature superconductor with tilted irradiation defects
Authors: Maksimova A N , Moroz A N , Rudnev I A , Pokrovskii S V , Kashurnikov V A
Published: August 2024

Current–voltage characteristics of a superconductor with tilted irradiation defects in a dc magnetic field have been calculated using the Monte Carlo method in the framework of the three-dimensional model of a layered high-temperature superconductor (HTS). The dependences of the critical current on the magnitude of the external magnetic field have been calculated from the current–voltage characteristics using the 1 μV/cm criterion. The defects were tilted both along the direction of vortex entry into the sample (the x-direction) and perpendicular to it (the y-direction). It has been shown that these dependences have weak maxima near the lower critical field for defects tilted along the x-axis. There were no such maxima for non-tilted defects. Defects tilted along the y-axis were more effective for enhancing the critical current of the HTS under study.
Structural, electronic, optical, thermoelectric, and thermodynamic properties of XIn2M4 (X = Cd, Zn; M = S, Se, Te) spinels for solar cell and thermoelectric devices: first-principles study
Authors: Jamaï Ibtissam , Ziati Meryem , Bekkioui Naoual , Ez-Zahraouy Hamid
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the structural, electronic, and optical properties of XIn2M4 compounds (X = Cd, Zn; M = S, Se, Te), along with thermoelectric and thermodynamic characteristics are studied based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) implemented in wien2k simulation program. Band structure calculations, using the modified Becke–Johnson potential (TB-mBJ), indicate that CdIn2S4 and ZnIn2S4 compounds exhibited indirect band gaps of 2.294 eV and 2.240 eV, respectively. Substituting S with Se and Te lowered the indirect band gap values of XIn2S4 to 1.565 eV, 1.606 eV, 0.277 eV, and 0.219 eV for CdIn2Se4, ZnIn2Se4, CdIn2Te4, and ZnIn2Te4, respectively. Additionally, the compounds demonstrated high absorption in the UV-Visible region. All the studied compounds showed an excellent structural and thermodynamic stability, as indicated by their negative formation energies. Thermoelectric properties are investigated via Boltzmann transport theory. The observed range of the figure of merit, which spans from 0.725 to 0.803 at 300K, serves as evidence that these materials exhibit favorable qualities for thermoelectric applications. Moreover, this behavior not only underscores the potential of the investigated materials but also positions them as promising contenders for utilization in visible-light solar cell devices.
On the SH0 directivity of an array with flexible PZT transducers for beam steering control
Authors: Guerra-Bravo Esteban , Baltazar Arturo , Kim Jin-Yeon
Published: August 2024

Shear horizontal (SH) guided waves find numerous applications for continuous health monitoring in plate-like structures in contact with a liquid due to limited acoustic energy leaking. This research focuses on the fundamental SH0 mode for its practical advantages over the higher SH and Lamb wave modes. The acoustic transducers considered in this research are rectangular flexible PZT transducers that can be attached permanently to the plate even when there is slight waviness or surface curvature. A single transducer with these characteristics can produce a very complex acoustic field topology. To control directivity and beam focusing, the use of an array of flexible transducers is studied. The directivity was estimated using a proposed semi-analytical method, combining an exact formal solution and numerical source stress distributions obtained using the finite element method. The estimated directivity was validated with experimental tests and applied to detect a through-hole discontinuity in a thin aluminum plate. Results show that the directivity of the main lobe from the 2-MFC array exhibits a spatial filtering effect with angular and amplitude variations, improving focusing and enhancing sensitivity and resolution to discontinuities compared to a single transducer. Finally, the potential application of a linear array formed by 2-MFC subarrays to beam steering using beamforming theory is numerically investigated.
Dimensionality dependence study of Co-B based co-catalyst over g − C
3
N
4 towards photocatalytic activity
Authors: Bhagat B R , Dashora Alpa
Published: August 2024

The metal-semiconductor heterostructure has gained interest in the photocatalytic community due to the necessity of comprehending charge dynamics at the interface and the impact of co-catalyst's dimensionality change on the efficiency of photocatalyst . High photocatalytic efficiency attributed to effective charge carrier separation during water splitting, a systematic in-depth study to relate reaction overpotential and interface interaction is performed over 0D-2D and 2D-2D metal-semiconductor heterojunction using density functional theory. Decoration of g − C
3
N
4 with CoB-based clusters (4 and 8 atoms) and slab alter electronic and optical properties. Formation of metal-semiconductor junction based on the work-function difference leads to downward band bending and generates an interfacial electric field (E

if
). Dimensionality and size of metallic co-catalyst highly change the E

if
direction which affects the migration of the charge carriers. Formation of a large number of reactive sites on either surface due to π-conjugation, and feasibility in electron migration from metal surface imparts reduction/oxidation potential to the surfaces of heterostructure. The presence of such significant properties not only shows an application of studied samples in efficient Hydrogen/Oxygen Evolution Reaction (HER/OER) but also briefs about the physics at the interface and the importance of the type of contact between co-catalyst and photocatalyst.
Enhancing trustworthiness and reliability: advance explainable artificial intelligence framework for real world Sclerosis detection
Authors: Saba Tanzila , Mujahid Muhammad , Rehman Amjad , Alamri Faten S , Ayesha Noor
Published: August 2024

In this era, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is being employed in many health-related problems, but it faces challenges because most models produce results that are opaque and interpretable. The goal of explainable AI is to make machine learning, and deep learning models more understandable and accessible to people. Consequently, there is a pressing need for XAI models to enhance trust, given its increasing popularity in the field of medical artificial intelligence. This study explores the XAI nature of machine learning for disease prediction, with a particular focus on transparency and reliability of the results. The study examines the interpretability of artificial intelligence, focusing on issues such as bias, equality, and system reliability. The main theme is to minimize errors, disparities in human understanding, and use artificial intelligence in disease prediction to improve the outcomes for medical patients. The XAI methods were validated on Sclerosis predictions using two important models with fine-tuning their hyperparameters. The experiments demonstrated that the XAI methods outperformed the existing methods, achieving impressive results in terms of accuracy, recall, f1 score, precision, and AUC. The proposed approach achieved 98.53% accuracy using 75%–25% hold-out splitting, and 98.14% accuracy using 10-fold validation. This semantic approach is superior to previous methods by showing the abundance of correct predictions and demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting multiple sclerosis in the real world.
Transparent and lead-free Dy3+ doped lithium borate glasses for photon and neutron shielding applications
Authors: Prabhu Srilakshmi , Bharadwaj Dhanya Y , Rajaramakrishna R , S G Bubbly , Gudennavar S B
Published: August 2024

The exploration of trivalent rare-earth ion-doped lithium calcium borate glasses has surged recently due to their potential applications in solid-state lasers, medical imaging, and radiation shielding. This study focuses on transparent and lead-free Dy3+ doped lithium borate glasses for their efficacy as versatile radiation shields. Glasses with the chemical composition 50(Li2O): 20(CaO): 30−x(B2O3): x(Dy2O3) (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mol% Dy2O3) were investigated. The structural changes in the lithium calcium borate glasses with Dy2O3 were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectra of the synthesized glass samples. Experimental mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) of the glasses have been determined using NaI(Tl) detector spectrometer in the energy range of 0.356–1.332 MeV. Photon interaction parameters were computed using PAGEX software in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. Relative dose distribution (RDD) and specific absorbed fraction of energy (SAFE) were also investigated. Additionally, macroscopic fast neutron removal cross-sections (﻿

Σ

R

) were computed to estimate neutron shielding efficiencies. The sample with 1 mol% Dy2O3(LBD1), displayed superior photon and neutron attenuation properties. Glasses with lower Dy2O3 doping concentrations (≤1 mol%) showed comparable half-value layer and effective atomic number to reference materials with higher doping concentrations. Increasing Dy2O3 doping concentration improved photon shielding parameters, with

Σ

R

values ranging from 0.1460 to 0.1475 cm−1, higher than those of ordinary concrete, RS-360, and other reference materials. The results highlight the potential of Dy3+ doped lithium borate glasses as effective radiation shields. Further investigations on chemical combinations and Dy2O3 doping concentrations are warranted to fabricate glasses with enhanced properties.
Quantum-coherence-assisted dynamical phase transition in the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model
Authors: Xu 徐 Bao-Ming 宝明
Published: August 2024

Quantum coherence will undoubtedly play a fundamental role in understanding the dynamics of quantum many-body systems; therefore, to be able to reveal its genuine contribution is of great importance. In this paper, we focus our discussions on the one-dimensional transverse field quantum Ising model initialized in the coherent Gibbs state, and investigate the effects of quantum coherence on dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT). After quenching the strength of the transverse field, the effects of quantum coherence are studied using Fisher zeros and the rate function of the Loschmidt echo. We find that quantum coherence not only recovers DQPT destroyed by thermal fluctuations, but also generates some entirely new DQPTs, which are independent of the equilibrium quantum critical point. We also find that the Fisher zero cutting the imaginary axis is not sufficient to generate DQPT because it also requires the Fisher zeros to be tightly bound close enough to the neighborhood of the imaginary axis. It can be manifested that DQPTs are rooted in quantum fluctuations. This work reveals new information on the fundamental connection between quantum critical phenomena and quantum coherence.
A model for fast electron-driven high-density plasma in the double-cone ignition scheme
Authors: Chen 陈 Zhong-Yi 忠义 , Zhao 赵 Kai-Ge 凯歌 , Li 李 Ying-Jun 英骏
Published: August 2024

A model for fast electron-driven high-density plasma is proposed to describe the effect of injected fast electrons on the temperature and inner pressure of the plasma in the fast heating process of the double-cone ignition (DCI) scheme. Due to the collision of the two low-density plasmas, the density and volume of the high-density plasma vary. Therefore, the ignition temperature and energy requirement of the high-density plasma vary at different moments, and the required energy for hot electrons to heat the plasma also changes. In practical experiments, the energy input of hot electrons needs to be considered. To reduce the energy input of hot electrons, the optimal moment and the shortest time for injecting hot electrons with minimum energy are analyzed. In this paper, it is proposed to inject hot electrons for a short time to heat the high-density plasma to a relatively high temperature. Then, the alpha particles with the high heating rate and PdV work heat the plasma to the ignition temperature, further reducing the energy required to inject hot electrons. The study of the injection time of fast electrons can reduce the energy requirement of fast electrons for the high-density plasma and increase the probability of successful ignition of the high-density plasma.
Semileptonic and nonleptonic decays of
in the covariant light-front approach*
Authors: Wang 王 Si-Yang 思洋 , Yang 杨 You-Ya 幽雅 , Sun 孙 Zhi-Jie 志杰 , Yang 杨 Hao 浩 , Li 李 Peng 鹏 , Zhang 张 Zhi-Qing 志清
Published: August 2024

The semileptonic and nonleptonic decays of the b-flavor vector mesons

and

are investigated within the covariant light-front quark model (CLFQM). By calculating the form factors of the transitions

under the CLFQM, with P denoting a pseudoscalar meson, i.e.,

, we predict and discuss several physical observables, including the branching ratios, polarization fractions

, and forward-backward asymmetries

. The total widths of the single-photon radiative decay channels for these b-flavor vector mesons are estimated using their partial widths. In these considered decays, one can find that the semileptonic decays

and

, with

being e or

, and the nonleptonic channels

have the largest branching ratios, which can reach up to the 10-7 order, and are most likely to be accessible at the future high-luminosity LHCb and Belle-II experiments.
Mechanical and thermal stimulation for studying the somatosensory system: a review on devices and methods
Authors: Sperduti M , Tagliamonte N L , Taffoni F , Guglielmelli E , Zollo L
Published: August 2024

The somatosensory system is widely studied to understand its functioning mechanisms. Multiple tests, based on different devices and methods, have been performed not only on humans but also on animals and ex-vivo models. Depending on the nature of the sample under analysis and on the scientific aims of interest, several solutions for experimental stimulation and for investigations on sensation or pain have been adopted. In this review paper, an overview of the available devices and methods has been reported, also analyzing the representative values adopted during literature experiments. Among the various physical stimulations used to study the somatosensory system, we focused only on mechanical and thermal ones. Based on the analysis of their main features and on literature studies, we pointed out the most suitable solution for humans, rodents, and ex-vivo models and investigation aims (sensation and pain).
An investigation on lift characteristics of contour-generated sealed slat with iced front
Authors: Liu Jiaxi , Liu Cangsong , Han Zhirong , Cheng Changfu
Published: August 2024

The high-lift leading-edge device of the contour-generated sealed slat enhances the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft. To analyze the lift characteristics of this slat before and after icing, a hydrodynamic calculation method was employed to obtain the flow field for both the multi-element airfoils with contour-generated sealed slat and the conventional slat. The resulting changes in lift coefficient for these two airfoils were examined. The findings revealed that ice formation on the slat leads to airflow separation, causing a decrease in lift for both the main wing and flap. However, due to its design without a slit between the main wing and slat, which inhibits high-pressure airflow from forming a high-speed jet on the upper surface of the main wing through this slit, significant pressure reduction on its lower surface is prevented by sealed slats. Consequently, compared to conventional slats after icing, less loss was observed in the lift coefficient for contour-generated sealed slats.
Feasibility verification of a vertically foldable propeller
Authors: Zhou Li , Chen Xiangchun
Published: August 2024

This study designs a vertically folding paddle to reduce the lateral dimensions of the hollow-wheeled multi-rotor flying vehicle, minimize the impact of the paddles on the carrying platform, and enhance its capacity to maneuver through tight places when walking on the ground. Force analysis is used with the rotor’s known kinematic characteristics to determine the paddle blade’s efficiency at various throttle settings. To confirm the design’s viability, a test platform is constructed, the motion data of the vertically folding paddle is recorded, and the effectiveness of the two paddles is examined.
Prediction of discrete-frequency noise generated by a propfan at cruise
Authors: Wang Hanyi , Shan Peng
Published: August 2024

This study employs the specialized prediction program FODNOPPb, based on Farassat’s time-domain collapsing sphere method (Formulation 1-Sph), to calculate the discrete-frequency noise generated by the propfan model SRPF with a diameter of 0.622 m. Designed by using compressible lifting surface theory, SRPF operates at a cruising altitude of 11 km and a flight Mach number of 0.8, featuring a transonic helical-tip Mach number of 1.13. The observer point, located in the far field, moves synchronously with the airframe. The results indicate that the maximum harmonic sound pressure level of the overall noise is 107.6 dB, and the acoustic pressure waveform of the overall noise is primarily determined by the acoustic pressure waveform of the thickness noise. By the collapsing sphere method, quite a smooth shape is obtained in the sharply varying segment of the blade acoustic pressure curve, which corresponds to significant changes in the blade acoustic planforms at various observer times. This paper provides valuable insights into the low-noise design of propfans during the aerodynamic inverse design phase.
Study on the influence of hydrogen injector flow rate in hydrogen-oxygen engine thrust chamber
Authors: He Wanlin , Sun Changzheng , Zhang Ze , Zhao Hongjie , Yang Bing
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of China’s aerospace industry, the numerical control processing of product shells is becoming increasingly complex and diversified. Based on the experimental data of hydrogen injector flow rate in the thrust chamber of hydrogen-oxygen engines, the experimental design method was adopted to explore the relationship between nozzle flow rate and various key influencing factors. Based on real production data, the previous conclusions were corrected and verified, thoroughly analyzing the factors affecting nozzle flow rate and successfully identifying the key influencing factors. Based on the different degrees of influence of key factors, a set of refined product production and process control plans were formulated, significantly improving the qualification rate of hydrogen nozzles and bringing substantial financial benefits.
Corrosion behavior monitoring of saturated carbonate micro droplets on the surface of X52 pipeline steel based on SVET
Authors: Pan J , Xu G T , Zhang J , Fan Z N , Liu J W
Published: August 2024

The CCUS pipeline transportation environment often causes pitting corrosion initiation and expansion of pipeline steel under the action of saturated carbonate micro droplets.In order to monitor the corrosiveness of corrosive micro droplets precipitated from liquid CO2 containing impurities such as water in a dense state on X52 pipeline steel, the scanning vibration electrode technology in micro area electrochemical technology was used to monitor the corrosion potential of micro droplets on the surface of X52 pipeline steel. The surface morphology evolution of micro droplet corrosion products under different corrosion times was analyzed using a 3D profilometer. The results established a structure-activity relationship between corrosion behavior and surface corrosion morphology, innovatively combining electrochemical signals with product structural parameters, and revealing the subtle corrosion process inside CO2 pipelines through simulation methods.
Innovative proposal for N2 capturing in Liquid Argon using the Li-FAU molecular Sieve
Authors: Cardoso Dilson , Segreto Ettore , Cruz Ivana , da Silva Edilene Deise , Zapelini Iago William , Gonçalves Rosembergue G. , Freitas G.S. , Caffer Ana Maria , Souza J.C. , Christovam D.S. , Mazali Italo O. , Reis Cristhiane , Assaf Elisabete , Assaf José Mansur , Soccol Renato , Bianchi Pedro , Wiederhecker Gustavo , Noriler Dirceu , dos Santos Cezar Rodrigo Aguiar , Brant Krystal , Fontes Magda , Oliveira N.F. , Correia Daniel , Frandini Heriques , Demolin Frederico , Augusto André , Doubnik Roza , Adamowski Mark , Montanari David , Alegre Thiago P.M. , Adriano Cris , Machado Ana Amélia , Pagliuso P.G.
Published: August 2024

In this work, we unveil the potential of nitrogen (N2) adsorption from Liquid Argon (LAr) through the molecular sieves (zeolites) Li-FAU Adsorbents. We report detailed studies about N2 gas adsorption at T = 89 K using a commercial Micromeritics ASAP-2420 equipment and N2 purification from LAr using the Purification Cryostat (PuLArC) at IFGW/Unicamp. We argue that the N2 adsorption by the Li-FAU is possible thanks to the stronger interaction of N2 with the lithium cations present in zeolite Li-FAU. In fact, the experiments performed in PuLArC have unequivocally shown that the Li-FAU adsorbent was capable of capturing N2, reducing a N2 contamination of 20–50 ppm to 0.1–1.0 ppm in 1–2 hours of circulation time in LAr for several runs.
This result demonstrated the great potential of the Li-FAU adsorbent for N2 capturing in LAr and invoke further tests of this material in larger scale LAr cryostats in order to confirm the innovative proposal of using the Li-FAU molecular sieve in replacement of Molecular Sieve 4A, currently used in LAr cryostats for neutrino experiments.
An accurate tidal peak localization method in radial arterial pulse signals based on hybrid neural networks
Authors: Chen Chao , Chen Zhendong , Luo Hongmiin , Peng Bo , Hao Yinan , Li Xinxin , Xie Haiqing
Published: August 2024

Background: cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have
become the leading causes of death worldwide. Arterial stiffness and
elasticity are important indicators of cardiovascular health. Pulse
wave analysis (PWA) is essential for analyzing arterial stiffness
and elasticity, which are highly dependent on the tidal peak
(P
2). P
2 is one of the four key physiological points,
which also include percussion peaks (P
1), diastolic notches
(P
3), and diastolic peaks (P
4). P
1, P
3, and
P
4 are often local maxima or minima, facilitating their
identification via the second derivatives method, a classic
localization method for key physiological points. Classic methods
such as the second derivative method, Empirical Mode Decomposition
(EMD), and Wavelet Transform (WT), have been employed for the
extraction and analysis of the P
2. Due to individual variation
and arterial stiffness, locating the P
2 using classic methods
is particularly challenging.

Methods: we propose a hybrid neural network based on Residual
Networks (ResNet) and bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Networks
(Bi-LSTM), successfully achieving high-precision localization of the
P
2 in radial artery pulse signals. Meanwhile, we compared our
method with the second derivative method, EMD, WT, Convolutional
Neural Networks (CNN) and the hybrid model with ResNet and LSTM.

Results: the results indicate that our proposed model
exhibits significantly higher accuracy compared to other
algorithms. Overall, MAEs and RMSEs for our proposed method are
62.60% and 58.84% on average less than those for other
algorithms. The average R
Adj
2 is 29.20% higher. The
outcomes of the efficiency evaluation suggest that the hybrid model
performs more balancedly without any significant shortcomings, which
indicates that the Bi-LSTM structure upgrades the performances of
LSTM.

Significance: our hybrid model can provide the medical field
with improved diagnostic tools and promote the development of
clinical practice and research.
Performance testing of a novel short axis photomultiplier tube for the HUNT project
Authors: Peng Yijiang , Wang Zike , Gao Bo , Tang Yiyue , Chen Mingjun , Li Kai , Ren Ling , You Xiaohao , Liu Maoyuan
Published: August 2024

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with large-area cathodes are
increasingly being used in cosmic-ray experiments to enhance
detection efficiency. The optical modules (OMs) of the High-Energy
Underwater Neutrino Telescope (HUNT) have employed a brand new N6205
20-inch microchannel plate photomultiplier tube (MCP-PMT) developed
by the North Night Vision Science & Technology (Nanjing) Research
Institute Co. Ltd. (NNVT). In order to make the 20-inch PMT fit into
the 23-inch diameter pressure-resistant glass sphere, NNVT improved
the internal structure of PMT and shortened the height of PMT by
more than 10 cm. The first batch of these PMTs has been delivered
for preliminary research work. This paper describes a specific PMT
testing platform built for the first batch of 15 MCP-PMTs, and some
performance parameters of PMT, such as peak-to-valley ratio, TTS and
nonliniearity, are measured. The measurement results show that the
new PMT still has good performance and can meet the requirements of
HUNT project.
Nano-mediated strategy: recent advance in the application of drug delivery systems in melanoma treatment and diagnosis
Authors: Wang Yinan , Tian Yuan , Jia Liwei , Xu Shujun , Meng Xin
Published: August 2024

Melanoma is a common malignant tumor, with a five-year mortality rate as high as 62% in cases of metastatic melanoma according to cancer statistics (2024). In recent years, the focus of melanoma research has predominantly centered on immunotherapy and targeted therapy, grappling with challenges such as resistance and immunogenicity. The discovery of nanoparticles (NPs) has brought nano-delivery systems to the forefront of melanoma diagnosis and treatment. Although certain NPs, like liposomes, have gained clinical approval, utilizing most nano-delivery systems for melanoma diagnosis and treatment remains largely exploratory. The inherent limitations of NPs present a major obstacle to their clinical translation. By selecting suitable nanocarriers and functionalizing NPs to optimize nano-delivery systems, and combining these systems with other therapies, it is possible to reduce the systemic toxicity and resistance associated with conventional therapies and the NPs themselves. This optimization could significantly improve the effectiveness of nano-delivery systems in the early detection and timely treatment of melanoma. However, there have been few reviews on the optimization of NPs and the combined application of other therapies in the treatment and diagnostic application of melanoma in the past three years. This review summarizes the latest applications of nano-delivery systems in the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma over the past three years, including innovations and achievements in both preclinical and clinical studies, offering new perspectives on their potential and future application prospects. It integrates clinical data and patent information, highlights trends in nano-delivery system development, and offers new insights into their clinical translation. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities of nano-delivery systems in melanoma treatment, providing a foundation for advancing their application in diagnosis, treatment, and clinical translation.
Constraint based Bayesian optimization of bioink precursor: a machine learning framework
Authors: Xu Yihao , Sarah Rokeya , Habib Ahasan , Liu Yongmin , Khoda Bashir
Published: August 2024

Current research practice for optimizing bioink involves exhaustive experimentation with multi-material composition for determining the printability, shape fidelity and biocompatibility. Predicting bioink properties can be beneficial to the research community but is a challenging task due to the non-Newtonian behavior in complex composition. Existing models such as Cross model become inadequate for predicting the viscosity for heterogeneous composition of bioinks. In this paper, we utilize a machine learning framework to accurately predict the viscosity of heterogeneous bioink compositions, aiming to enhance extrusion-based bioprinting techniques. Utilizing Bayesian optimization (BO), our strategy leverages a limited dataset to inform our model. This is a technique especially useful of the typically sparse data in this domain. Moreover, we have also developed a mask technique that can handle complex constraints, informed by domain expertise, to define the feasible parameter space for the components of the bioink and their interactions. Our proposed method is focused on predicting the intrinsic factor (e.g. viscosity) of the bioink precursor which is tied to the extrinsic property (e.g. cell viability) through the mask function. Through the optimization of the hyperparameter, we strike a balance between exploration of new possibilities and exploitation of known data, a balance crucial for refining our acquisition function. This function then guides the selection of subsequent sampling points within the defined viable space and the process continues until convergence is achieved, indicating that the model has sufficiently explored the parameter space and identified the optimal or near-optimal solutions. Employing this AI-guided BO framework, we have developed, tested, and validated a surrogate model for determining the viscosity of heterogeneous bioink compositions. This data-driven approach significantly reduces the experimental workload required to identify bioink compositions conducive to functional tissue growth. It not only streamlines the process of finding the optimal bioink compositions from a vast array of heterogeneous options but also offers a promising avenue for accelerating advancements in tissue engineering by minimizing the need for extensive experimental trials.