bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring student perceptions of their learning adaptions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Williams Cortny A. , Nordeen Jenny , Browne Christopher , Marshall Brent
Published: January 2022

Objective

With the shelter-in-place orders implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, learning experiences abruptly changed from on campus to wholly online. This qualitative study explores the perceptions and attitudes of students as they adapted their study space, study time, and approach to learning.

Methods

One hundred five students enrolled in a doctor of chiropractic program were invited to participate in a survey to understand how shelter-in-place orders during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced their approach to learning. Fifty-two of 105 (49.5%) students completed the survey. The survey asked students to select their primary study strategy from a list of options and then prompted students to explain how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced their study space, use of technology, study time, and metacognitive cycle of planning, monitoring, and evaluating their approach to learning. A Thematic analysis of the participants' responses was performed.

Results

Nearly all study participants described a challenge in adapting their study space, study time, or approach to learning. Respondents reported that the use of technology did not change because assessments and resources were electronic before the pandemic. Respondents who selected high-impact study strategies such as self-quizzing or who demonstrated evidence of well-developed metacognition described a positive approach to learning more frequently than did respondents who selected low-impact study strategies such as repeated reading or who did not show evidence of metacognitive development.

Conclusion

This study presents student perceptions related to promoting and developing self-regulated learning skills. Educators can use this information to understand the adaptations to changes in learning experiences that may promote successful learning.
Dosimetric advantages of daily adaptive strategy in IMPT for high‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Tamura Hiroshi , Kobashi Keiji , Nishioka Kentaro , Yoshimura Takaaki , Hashimoto Takayuki , Shimizu Shinichi , Ito Yoichi M. , Maeda Yoshikazu , Sasaki Makoto , Yamamoto Kazutaka , Tamamura Hiroyasu , Aoyama Hidefumi , Shirato Hiroki
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the dosimetric advantages of daily adaptive radiotherapy (DART) in intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for high‐risk prostate cancer by comparing estimated doses of the conventional non‐adaptive radiotherapy (NART) that irradiates according to an original treatment plan through the entire treatment and the DART that uses an adaptive treatment plan generated by using daily CT images acquired before each treatment.

Methods

Twenty‐three patients with prostate cancer were included. A treatment plan with 63 Gy (relative biological effectiveness (RBE)) in 21 fractions was generated using treatment planning computed tomography (CT) images assuming that all patients had high‐risk prostate cancer for which the clinical target volume (CTV) needs to include prostate and the seminal vesicle (SV) in our treatment protocol. Twenty‐one adaptive treatment plans for each patient (total 483 data sets) were generated using daily CT images, and dose distributions were calculated. Using a 3 mm set‐up uncertainty in the robust optimization, the doses to the CTV, prostate, SV, rectum, and bladder were compared.

Results

Estimated accumulated doses of NART and DART in the 23 patients were 60.81 ± 3.47 Gy (RBE) and 63.24 ± 1.04 Gy (RBE) for CTV D99 (p < 0.01), 62.99 ± 1.28 Gy (RBE) and 63.43 ± 1.33 Gy (RBE) for the prostate D99 (p = 0.2529), and 59.07 ± 5.19 Gy (RBE) and 63.17 ± 1.04 Gy (RBE) for SV D99 (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between NART and DART in the estimated accumulated dose for the rectum and bladder.

Conclusion

Compared with the NART, DART was shown to be a useful approach that can maintain the dose coverage to the target without increasing the dose to the organs at risk (OAR) using the 3 mm set‐up uncertainty in the robust optimization in patients with high‐risk prostate cancer.
Estimating radiation exposure of the brain of a physician with a protective flap in interventional radiology: A phantom study
Authors: Hattori Shota , Monzen Hajime , Tamura Mikoto , Kosaka Hiroyuki , Nakamura Yasunori , Nishimura Yasumasa
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The efficiency of protective equipment for the brain has not been verified at the left anterior oblique (LAO) position, which is commonly used in clinical procedures. The purpose of this study was to investigate radiation exposure of the brain in interventional radiology (IR) and the shielding ability of a new protective flap.

Methods

We made a flap that combined a protective cap with a left lateral face shield. The flap was made of tungsten‐containing rubber (TCR). An anthropomorphic head phantom was placed at the physician's position, and air kerma rates (μGy/min and μGy/15s) were measured by electronic dosimeter at three locations: the surface of the left side of the head, and the left and right temporal lobes with the protective cap and the flap in fluoroscopy and cine modes. The X‐ray tube was at the lower left side of the physician, and its angles were LAO60 and LAO60CAU40. The tube voltage (95–125 kV), tube current (4.7–732 mA), and air kerma rate (27.8–1078 mGy/min) were automatically adjusted by the X‐ray system. We obtained the cap and the flap shielding efficiencies.

Results

In cine mode at LAO60CAU40, the shielding efficiencies on the surface of the left side of the head and left temporal lobe with the cap were 92.6% and 5.1%, respectively, and the corresponding shielding efficiencies with the flap were 92.5% and 86.1%, respectively. The flap can reduce radiation exposure of the brain more than the cap alone.

Conclusions

At the left anterior oblique in interventional radiology, the flap can reduce exposure to the brain.
Effect of Strain Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electroplastic Rolled ZrTi Alloy
Authors: Guo Defeng , Deng Wenke , Song Ping , Lv Xiaolong , Shi Yindong , Qu Zhehao , Zhang Guosheng
Published: January 2022

The effect of strain rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrTi alloy upon electroplastic rolling (EPR) is investigated. A higher strain rate leads to a higher ductility in the as‐rolled samples but a poorer ductility in the rolled and thermally treated samples while there are no obvious changes in strength in the two kinds of samples. The enhancement in ductility of the as‐rolled samples is attributed to the increase of α″ and β phases with the increase of strain rate. The decrease in ductility of the rolled and thermally treated sample with the increase of strain rate is attributed to the decrease of ω phase. The mechanisms responsible for these evolutions are discussed in detail.
Domain‐Confined Etching Strategy to Regulate Defective Sites in Carbon for High‐Efficiency Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Ye Guanying , Liu Suqin , Huang Kui , Wang Siyuan , Zhao Kuangmin , Zhu Weiwei , Su Yuke , Wang Jue , He Zhen
Published: January 2022

Coupling sites of nitrogen dopants and intrinsic carbon defects (N/DC) in metal‐free carbon are highly active toward electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and yet they are hard to be effectively constructed. Here, a novel synthesis strategy for fabrication of N/DC‐enriched metal‐free carbon from precursors containing metal‐nitrogen moieties (M‐Nx) is reported. During pyrolysis of the precursors, the M‐Nx is in situ converted to endogenous metal oxides (MOx) via a halide‐mediated “bait and switch” mechanism to realize a domain‐confined etching of the carbon matrix around the nitrogen dopants, forming abundant N/DC coupling sites in the final carbon products. The optimized N/DC‐enriched carbon exhibits an outstanding ORR activity and stability with a half‐wave potential of 0.903 V (versus RHE) in 0.1 m KOH solution, outperforming most of the reported metal‐free carbon catalysts. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations demonstrate an improved electron‐donating ability and optimized binding energies of the N/DC coupling sites toward the ORR intermediates, which are primarily responsible for such an excellent ORR activity. This domain‐confined endogenous MOx etching strategy is also widely applicable to different M‐Nx‐containing precursors as well as different halide mediators, which opens up new possibilities to fabricate metal/nonmetal doped carbon materials enriched with various coupling sites of desired synergistic properties.
Metal–Organic Framework‐Assisted Metal‐Ion Doping in All‐Inorganic Perovskite for Dual‐Mode Image Sensing Display
Authors: Oh Jin Woo , Han Hyowon , Kim Hong Hee , Lee Hyeokjung , Kim Dongjun , Lee Jiyeon , Kim Jiwon , Choi Won Kook , Park Cheolmin
Published: January 2022

Crystal engineering based on defect passivation with metal ions doped into halide perovskites is of considerable interest for tailoring the photoelectric properties of perovskites. Herein, a simple and robust approach for doping metal ions into a thin all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite film by employing metal–organic framework nanoparticles is presented. Zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 nanoparticles, which can adsorb water, are dispersed and embedded in a thin perovskite film. The particles self‐decompose at a certain humidity, releasing Zn2+ ions into nearby perovskite crystals. The Zn2+ ions efficiently passivate the undercoordinated defect sites of the defective perovskite crystals, resulting in environmentally stable and enhanced photoluminescence of the perovskite with a quantum yield of ≈14%, more than 24 times greater than that without nanoparticles. Further, a thin Zn‐doped CsPbBr3 film is employed to fabricate arrays of ultraviolet photodetectors, and ≈90% of the initial photocurrent is maintained over 15 d in RH 60%, facilitating the development of a dual‐mode image sensor using which programmed images are visualized based on both photocurrent and photoluminescence.
In Situ Carbon Corrosion and Cu Leaching as a Strategy for Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Multimetal Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Jian , Quast Thomas , He Wenhui , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Junqueira João R. C. , Öhl Denis , Wilde Patrick , Jambrec Daliborka , Chen Yen‐Ting , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

The number of active sites and their intrinsic activity are key factors in designing high‐performance catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The synthesis, properties, and in‐depth characterization of a homogeneous CoNiFeCu catalyst are reported, demonstrating that multimetal synergistic effects improve the OER kinetics and the intrinsic activity. In situ carbon corrosion and Cu leaching during the OER lead to an enhanced electrochemically active surface area, providing favorable conditions for improved electronic interaction between the constituent metals. After activation, the catalyst exhibits excellent activity with a low overpotential of 291.5 ± 0.5 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 43.9 mV dec−1. It shows superior stability compared to RuO2 in 1 m KOH, which is even preserved for 120 h at 500 mA cm−2 in 7 m KOH at 50 °C. Single particles of this CoNiFeCu after their placement on nanoelectrodes combined with identical location transmission electron microscopy before and after applying cyclic voltammetry are investigated. The improved catalytic performance is due to surface carbon corrosion and Cu leaching. The proposed catalyst design strategy combined with the unique single‐nanoparticle technique contributes to the development and characterization of high‐performance catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion.
NHC‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Elimination in the Dearomative Activation of 3‐Furaldehydes towards (4+2)‐Cycloadditions
Authors: Przydacz Artur , Topolska Aleksandra , Skrzyńska Anna , Albrecht Łukasz
Published: January 2022

A dearomative formal (4+2)‐cycloaddition reaction between 2‐substituted 3‐furaldehydes derivatives and isatins or α,α,α‐trifluoroacetophenones as electrophiles has been established under NHC‐catalysis. This approach utilizes the process of hydrogen chloride 1,4‐elimination leading to a highly reactive NHC‐bound heterocyclic o‐QDM intermediates derived from 3‐furaldehydes, which play a key role in the process. By using this strategy, a series of structurally diverse 6,7‐dihydro‐4H‐furo[3,2‐c]pyran‐4‐ones was prepared in 41–85% yields. In addition, the potential of the obtained (4+2)‐cycloadducts has been confirmed in the synthesis of interesting class of spirooxindole derivative containing 6,7‐dihydro‐4H‐furo[3,2‐c]pyran scaffold.

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Site‐Selective C(sp3)‐H Alkenylation Using Decatungstate Anion as Photocatalyst
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ting , Shih Yi‐Lun , Wu Yen‐Ku , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: January 2022

Site‐selective C(sp3)‐H alkenylation was achieved under photo‐irradiation in the presence of a catalytic amount of decatungstate anion, W10O324−. In this reaction, the radical addition/β‐scission sequence is successfully combined with photocatalytic C(sp3)‐H functionalization. The reaction using weaker C−H bonds such as those in THF revealed that the benzenesulfonyl radical itself underwent HAT directly from the C−H bond, and a decatungstate anion participated in a chain‐repairing step.

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Rye grain response to nitrogen fertilizer and seeding rate
Authors: Noland Reagan L.
Published: January 2022

Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) seed production is of increasing value in the United States, yet basic agronomic management practices specific to rye grain production have not been established. Field research trials were conducted near Tifton and Midville, GA, during the winter crop season of 2017–2018 to assess effects of seeding rate and spring‐applied N fertilizer on rye grain production. Cereal rye (cultivar ‘Wrens Abruzzi’) was planted at four seeding rates (215, 323, 431, and 538 seed m−2) and top‐dressed with four spring fertilizer N rates (0, 34, 67, and 101 kg N ha−1) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. At both sites, rye grain yield responses to added N were best described by linear‐plateau regression models. The yield response was greater at Tifton (following corn [Zea mays L.]) than at Midville (following peanuts [Arachis hypogaea L.]), and yield plateaued at 44 and 67 kg N ha−1, respectively. Lodging was increased 31% with the addition of N fertilizer at Midville and also increased quadratically with seeding rate, which presumably contributed to yield reductions at a higher seeding rate (431 seed m−2) across both sites. This work demonstrates the potential to optimize rye grain production with substantially lower seeding rates and fertilizer N inputs than those recommended for other rye end uses (i.e., forage or cover crop) or other winter cereal species.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to inhalation of acryloyl chloride
Authors: Shima Takafumi , Kashiwagi Hideki , Ino Haruka , Tanaka Suguru , Fukuda Makiko , Kobata Hitoshi
Published: January 2022

Background

Acryloyl chloride is a highly toxic volatile liquid that can cause pulmonary edema. However, no sufficient treatment reports have been published to date. Here, we report a case of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by acryloyl chloride inhalation.

Case presentation

The patient was a 36‐year‐old man with accidental exposure to acryloyl chloride. The patient had dyspnea and wet cough, with approximately 88% percutaneous oxygen saturation at room air. He was diagnosed with ARDS and admitted to the intensive care unit. Initially, he was treated with a high‐flow nasal cannula and sivelestat sodium. However, due to the possibility of delayed exacerbation, the patient was switched to methylprednisolone. Oxygenation gradually improved, and the patient was discharged on the day 8 of hospitalization.

Conclusion

We report the case of a patient who developed ARDS with delayed exacerbation after the inhalation of acryloyl chloride, which was treated without endotracheal intubation.
Protein–Protein Communication Mediated by an Antibody‐Responsive DNA Nanodevice**
Authors: Ranallo Simona , Sorrentino Daniela , Delibato Elisabetta , Ercolani Gianfranco , Plaxco Kevin W. , Ricci Francesco
Published: January 2022

We report here the rational design and optimization of an antibody‐responsive, DNA‐based device that enables communication between pairs of otherwise non‐interacting proteins. The device is designed to recognize and bind a specific antibody and, in response, undergo a conformational change that leads to the release of a DNA strand, termed the “translator,” that regulates the activity of a downstream target protein. As proof of principle, we demonstrate antibody‐induced control of the proteins thrombin and Taq DNA polymerase. The resulting strategy is versatile and, in principle, can be easily adapted to control protein–protein communication in artificial regulatory networks.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Desymmetric Reductive Cyclization/Coupling of 1,6‐Dienes: An Enantioselective Approach to Chiral Tertiary Alcohol
Authors: Zhao Tian‐Yuan , Xiao Li‐Jun , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: January 2022

We have developed a nickel‐catalyzed desymmetric reductive cyclization/coupling of 1,6‐dienes. The reaction provides an efficient method for constructing a chiral tertiary alcohol and a quaternary stereocenter by a single operation. The method has excellent diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity, a broad substrate scope, as well as good tolerance of functional groups. Preliminary mechanism studies show that alkyl nickel(I) species are involved in the reaction.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective and Chemodivergent Allenylic Alkylation of Vinyl Azides for the Synthesis of α‐Allenylic Amides and Ketones**
Authors: Chakrabarty Aditya , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: January 2022

The first enantioselective synthesis of α‐allenylic amides and ketones through allenylic alkylation of vinyl azides is reported. In these chemodivergent reactions, cooperatively catalyzed by a IrI/(phosphoramidite,olefin) complex and Sc(OTf)3, vinyl azides act as the surrogate for both amide enolates and ketone enolates. The desiccant (molecular sieves) plays a crucial role in controlling the chemodivergency of this enantioconvergent and regioselective reaction: Under otherwise identical reaction conditions, the presence of the desiccant led to α‐allenylic amides, while its absence resulted in α‐allenylic ketones. Utilizing racemic allenylic alcohols as the alkylating agent, the overall process represents a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT), where both the products are formed with the same absolute configuration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the use of vinyl azide as the ketone enolate surrogate in an enantioselective transformation.
Herstellung von primären und sekundären Dialkylmagnesiumverbindungen durch eine radikalische I/Mg‐Austauschreaktion mit sBu2Mg in Toluol
Authors: Sunagatullina Alisa S. , Lutter Ferdinand H. , Knochel Paul
Published: January 2022

Die Behandlung von primären oder sekundären Alkyliodiden mit sBu2Mg in Toluol (25–40 °C, 2–4 h) lieferte Dialkylmagnesiumverbindungen, die verschiedene Reaktionen mit Aldehyden, Ketonen, Säurechloriden oder Allylbromiden eingingen. 3‐Substituierte sekundäre Cyclohexyliodide führten zu cis‐3‐Cyclohexylmagnesiumreagenzien in hochgradig stereokonvergenter Weise unter diesen Austauschbedingungen. Enantiomerenangereicherte 3‐Silyloxy‐substituierte sekundäre Alkyliodide ergaben nach einer Austauschreaktion mit sBu2Mg stereodefinierte Dialkylmagnesiumreagenzien, die nach Abfangen mit verschiedenen Elektrophilen verschiedene 1,3‐stereodefinierte Produkte einschließlich Homo‐Aldolprodukte (99 % dr und 98 % ee) lieferten. Mechanistische Untersuchungen bestätigten einen radikalischen Reaktionsweg für diese neuen Iod/Magnesium‐Austauschreaktionen.
Engineering the Local Atomic Environments of Indium Single‐Atom Catalysts for Efficient Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zhang Erhuan , Tao Lei , An Jingkun , Zhang Jiangwei , Meng Lingzhe , Zheng Xiaobo , Wang Yu , Li Nan , Du Shixuan , Zhang Jiatao , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: January 2022

The in‐depth understanding of local atomic environment–property relationships of p‐block metal single‐atom catalysts toward the 2 e− oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has rarely been reported. Here, guided by first‐principles calculations, we develop a heteroatom‐modified In‐based metal–organic framework‐assisted approach to accurately synthesize an optimal catalyst, in which single In atoms are anchored by combined N,S‐dual first coordination and B second coordination supported by the hollow carbon rods (In SAs/NSBC). The In SAs/NSBC catalyst exhibits a high H2O2 selectivity of above 95 % in a wide range of pH. Furthermore, the In SAs/NSBC‐modified natural air diffusion electrode exhibits an unprecedented production rate of 6.49 mol peroxide gcatalyst−1 h−1 in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte and 6.71 mol peroxide gcatalyst−1 h−1 in 0.1 M PBS electrolyte. This strategy enables the design of next‐generation high‐performance single‐atom materials, and provides practical guidance for H2O2 electrosynthesis.
Effects of temperature and humidity on properties of ethylene/vinyl acetate‐modified ternary complex mortar
Authors: Shi Chen , Ma Chenyuan , Yang Ying , Zou Xiwen
Published: January 2022

The ternary complex system of Portland cement, aluminate cement, gypsum is suitable for the repair and strengthening of concrete structures due to its excellent characteristics, such as fast hardening, early strength, micro‐expansion, and so on. However, the application of this ternary complex was limited by the problems of low toughness and strength degradation in the late curing period. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the effects of different curing conditions on repairing materials in concrete engineering. In this paper, the actual repair environment was simulated, and the effects of different curing temperature and humidity on performances of ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) modified ternary complex were researched. The initial and final setting time of ternary complex increases with the increase of EVA content. And under different curing temperature and humidity, the addition of EVA improved the toughness of the ternary complex and reduced the water absorption, EVA can effectively prevent the late strength decrease of ternary complex caused by high curing temperature. Under the curing conditions of 40 and 60°C, the addition of EVA greatly improved the flexural strength and toughness of the ternary complex, low temperature environment is not suitable for EVA‐modified ternary complex.
Effect of plasma treatment parameters on the interfacial joining strength of overmolded hybrid fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites
Authors: Zhai Zhanyu , He Qingzhu , Fu Liang , Liu Ningfeng , Liu Xianhu , Jiang Bingyan , Zhou Mingyong
Published: January 2022

In this study, hybrid fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (hybrid thermoplastic composites) with high interfacial joining strength were fabricated using a plasma treatment strategy and injection overmolding technique. A series of experimental investigations were carried out to ascertain the effects of various plasma treatments on the interfacial joining strength of the overmolded hybrid composites. Test results reveal that compared with the untreated continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRT) substrates, the surface roughness of the CFRT substrates treated by plasma with air for the 10 min–160 W set‐up increases by 28.7%, the contact angle decreases by 50.5%, the silicon and fluorine are effectively removed, and the content of polar functional group increases remarkably, which bring about the increase of 24.76% of the interfacial shear strength of the overmolded hybrid composites. Further increase of plasma treatment time does not contribute to increase the interfacial shear strength of the overmolded hybrid composites. The interfacial shear strength at 60 W is 6.38% higher than that at 160 W, which is ascribed to the increase of the oxygen‐containing functional group content. Compared with the air and nitrogen plasma treatment, the interfacial shear strength of the overmolded hybrid composites after oxygen plasma treatment reaches the maximum value.
Hyper cross‐linked polymers containing amino group functionalized polyimide mixed matrix membranes for gas separation
Authors: Li Weixin , Peng Longfei , Li Yinhui , Chen Zan , Duan Cuijia , Yan Shuo , Yuan Biao
Published: January 2022

The design and synthesis of porous materials with novel structures and functional groups to prepare mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) is an effective way to break through trade‐off effect of membrane technology. Here, hyper cross‐linked polymers containing amino groups (HCPs‐NH2) with philic‐CO2 frame were successfully prepared for the fabrication of polyimide (PI)/HCPs‐NH2 MMMs. The separation performance of pure gas is studied in order to explore NH2 groups facilitating CO2 diffusion and transmission and enhancing CO2 permeability. Consequently, the permeability of the PI/HCPs‐NH2 MMMs toward CO2 and O2 are 77.56 Barrer and 17.91 Barrer versus pure PI film toward CO2 and O2 (62.42 Barrer and 13.85 Barrer). The selectivity for CO2/CH4 and O2/N2 pairs is 24.44 and 4.01, and the selectivity of pure PI film toward CO2/CH4 and O2/N2 pairs is 20.76 and 3.29, respectively. The permeability and selectivity of PI/HCPs‐NH2 MMMs are higher than pure PI film breaking through the trade‐off effect. Moreover, the PI/HCPs‐NH2 MMMs show better separation performance on the CO2/CH4 pair than the O2/N2 pair, indicating HCPs‐NH2 with philic‐CO2 frame plays a very important role in promoting CO2 permeability. Thus, the PI/HCPs‐NH2 MMMs have potential applications in the field of natural gas purification.
Sustainable valorization of apple waste in a biorefinery: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Tatiane C. G. , Sganzerla William Gustavo , Ampese Larissa Castro , Sforça Beatriz P. , Goldbeck Rosana , Forster‐Carneiro Tânia
Published: January 2022

This bibliometric study explored the scientific publications of apple waste over the period from 2000 to 2020, aiming to contribute to the sustainable development of the apple industry toward waste‐biorefinery implementation, advocating a circular economy. The bibliometric study covered the publications' evolution, research areas, top‐cited papers, international collaborative networks, top countries and journals. The results demonstrate that 628 documents (604 articles and 24 reviews) studied apple waste over the last 20 years, and the number of publications exponentially increased after 2010. The most used keywords revealed that the main studied topics in the field were associated with technologies to manage apple pomace, the main solid waste generated from juice production, demonstrating a research trend toward renewable energy and bio‐based products. The bibliometric study indicated that the most productive countries are China, India and the USA. Apple waste could be an environmentally friendly feedstock for biorefinery design and implementation. The biorefinery could produce value‐added products (polyphenols, pectin, sugars and essential oils) and bioenergy (ethanol, methane, electricity and heat) in different industrial arrangements. The main technological routes described in the literature have been associated with the production of lactic acid, xylitol, ethanol, bioactive compounds, xyloglucan, films, pectin, acetic acid, acetone–butanol–ethanol, emulsifiers and inulinase enzyme. In conclusion, this review contributes to the decision‐making for the industrial implementation of a waste biorefinery, advocating circular economy transition based on the sustainable valorization of apple waste. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Metal complexes containing silicon‐based pincer ligands: Reactivity and application in small molecule activation
Authors: Kim Jin
Published: January 2022

This review highlights the chemical properties of metal complexes supported by silicon‐based tridentate ligands. Silicon donors coordinated to a metal exhibit unique characteristics such as a strong trans influence, σ‐SiH interaction, and metal–ligand cooperativity. Thus, this type of donors ensures distinct reactivity toward various substrates. In particular, the σ‐SiH interaction and mechanism of SiH bond cleavage are discussed. Several attempts to exploit silyl metal complexes for the activation of small molecules, including dinitrogen, carbon dioxide, dihydrogen, and dioxygen, have been reported. This review summarizes recently reported reactions of silyl pincer complexes with small molecules and provides new insights into the possibility of adapting silicon‐based ligands to model the chemistry of biological catalytic systems.
The effects of smartphone assistants' anthropomorphism on consumers' psychological ownership and perceived competence of smartphone assistants
Authors: Cheng Li‐Keng
Published: January 2022

Few studies on the effects of smartphone assistants' anthropomorphism on consumer behavior have been conducted. This study explored the effects of anthropomorphism on consumers' psychological ownership of smartphone assistants and perceptions of their competence. Moreover, it investigated arousal during smartphone assistant use and examined how relationship norms governing the consumer–smartphone assistant relationship moderate the effects of anthropomorphism on psychological ownership. In study 1, which had a one‐factorial design (high vs. low anthropomorphism), a highly anthropomorphic smartphone assistant was perceived to be more competent. In study 2, which followed the same experimental procedure under a 2 × 2 full factorial design, the anthropomorphism–relationship norms interaction moderated psychological ownership. Psychological ownership fully mediated the effect of anthropomorphism on perceived competence. Study 3 employed a 2 (anthropomorphism: high vs. low) × 2 (arousal: high vs. low) × 2 (relationship norms: exchange vs. communal) full factorial design. In the high arousal condition, anthropomorphism and relationship norms exerted no significant effect on psychological ownership. A conditional indirect effect from anthropomorphism to perceived competence through psychological ownership was only significant under low arousal and adherence to communal relationship norms. In summary, the degree of anthropomorphism influenced perceived competence through psychological ownership. Therefore, companies should incorporate anthropomorphic cues into smartphone assistant design, thereby promoting their personification by consumers and benefiting perceptions of their competence.
Copper(II) Compounds of 4‐Nitrobenzohydrazide with Different Anions (ClO4−, NO3− and Br−): Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Calculations, DNA Interactions and Cytotoxic Properties
Authors: Nonkuntod Prangtip , Senawong Thanaset , Soikum Chaiyaporn , Chaveerach Prapansak , Watwiangkham Athis , Suthirakun Suwit , Chaveerach Unchulee
Published: January 2022

Copper complexes containing 4‐nitrobenzohydrazide (4‐NH), [Cu(4‐NH)2(ClO4)2] (1), [Cu(4‐NH)2(NO3)2] (2) and [Cu(4‐NH)2Br2] (3), were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopy. DFT calculations have revealed a distorted octahedral for 1, 2 and 3. DNA interactions of 1–3 toward calf‐thymus DNA were investigated by absorption titration, viscosity, fluorescence spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis. All complexes bind to DNA via intercalation mode. The Kb values have shown the binding ability in the order of 3>2>1. The in vitro cytotoxicity of 1–3 was tested against two human cancer cells (HeLa and MCF‐7) and normal Vero cells by MTT assay. All complexes show anticancer ability upon increasing time, but the ligand is inactive. Complex 3 with the Br− anion gives the lowest IC50 values of 19.26±2.43 μg/mL toward MCF‐7. Moreover, all complexes were not arrested at any cell cycle phases. However, the sub‐G1 populations were enhanced upon increasing the complex concentration. Therefore, they may induce apoptotic cell death for both cancer cells. The antibacterial activity of 1–3 was tested against E. coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter. Complex 3 gives the best activity toward Campylobacter (0.156×103 μg/mL).
A phototoxic drug reaction due to topical NSAIDs
Authors: Drivenes Jakob Lillemoen , Berg‐Jensen Martin , Bygum Anette
Published: January 2022

We present a case with a phototoxic reaction following topical use of NSAID. The phototoxic reaction was initially mistaken for cellulitis which led to treatment with dicloxacillin, which led to an exanthematous drug eruption. The patient was treated with topical clobetasol propionate and oral non‐sedating antihistamines. Follow‐up revealed post‐inflammatory hypopigmentation.
Rapid reduction of substantially increased myoglobin and creatine kinase levels using a hemoadsorption device (CytoSorb®)—A case report
Authors: Moresco Erich , Rugg Christopher , Ströhle Mathias , Thoma Matthias
Published: January 2022

Rhabdomyolysis (RM) is a potentially life‐threatening entity that can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) alone is known as effective therapy, but the additional use of a hemoadsorber (like CytoSorb®) might increase its efficacy.
Unilateral congenital upper eyelid eversion in a newborn: Conservative management and outcome
Authors: Farhadi Roya , Farrokhfar Asadollah
Published: January 2022

We present a rare congenital condition in a Persian newborn characterized by the unilateral everted upper eyelid. This report aimed to create awareness among neonatologists and ophthalmologists who are first‐time viewers of this condition and lead them to choose the appropriate management.
Establishing the Reaction Pathways of the Catalytic Conversion of Erythrulose to Sulphides of Alpha‐Hydroxy Thioesters and Esters
Authors: Calderon‐Ardila Sergio , Matthijssen Joost , Van Huffel Bart , Péruch Olivier , Morvan Didier , Bellière‐Baca Virginie , Dusselier Michiel , Sels Bert F.
Published: January 2022

Sulphides of alpha‐hydroxy thioesters and esters (SAH(T)Es) are important fine chemicals and have great potential as platform molecules. SAH(T)Es are typically synthesized from fossil sources while little is known regarding their synthesis from carbohydrates. We report our findings about the one‐pot chemocatalytic conversion of erythrulose (ERU) to SAH(T)Es. Sn, Mo and W chlorides were the most selective catalysts towards the synthesis of S‐butyl‐4‐butylthio‐2‐hydroxybutanethioate (BBTHBT) in 1‐BuSH. The selectivity towards BBTHBT was impacted by the formation of different thioacetals (TAs). The addition of either KOH, H2O or MeOH was effective to decrease TAs formation and increase selectivity towards BBTHBT (or its ester). A kinetic profile, in situ 13C NMR measurements and experiments at different temperatures complement our studies to unravel the complicated reaction network involved in the conversion of ERU to SAH(T)Es. This insight provides a solid foundation for future improvements in the sustainable synthesis of SAH(T)Es.
Chloromethyl Glycosides as Versatile Synthons to Prepare Glycosyloxymethyl‐Prodrugs
Authors: Elferink Hidde , Titulaer Willem H. C. , Derks Maik G. N. , Veeneman Gerrit H. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Boltje Thomas J.
Published: January 2022

This work investigates the addition of monosaccharides to marketed drugs to improve their pharmacokinetic properties for oral absorption. To this end, a set of chloromethyl glycoside synthons were developed to prepare a variety of glycosyloxymethyl‐prodrugs derived from 5‐fluorouracil, thioguanine, propofol and losartan. Drug release was studied in vitro using β‐glucosidase confirming rapid conversion of the monosaccharide prodrugs to release the parent drug, formaldehyde and the monosaccharide. To showcase this prodrug approach, a glucosyloxymethyl conjugate of the tetrazole‐containing drug losartan was used for in vivo experiments and showed complete release of the drug in a dog‐model.
Precise Synthesis of Organic Heterostructures via the Synergy Approach of Polymorphism and Cocrystal Engineering for Optical Applications
Authors: Yin Huiling , Ma Yingxin , Lin Hongtao , Chen Shuhai , Zhou Ziyan , Zhuo Shuping , Wang Xuedong
Published: January 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Organic heterostructures that can integrate the physiochemical properties of two or more substances have attracted widespread attention in the field of optoelectronics. However, the epitaxial growth process between different organic material molecules is unpredictable, and the precise synthesis of organic heterostructures is still particularly challenging. Herein, through the synergy approach of polymorphism and cocrystal engineering, a series of organic branched heterostructures have been successfully prepared. Interestingly, by simply adjusting the solvent ratio, different crystalline phases of perylene microplates can be epitaxially grown on the perylene‐OFN cocrystal microwires, which provides a feasible approach for the preparation of organic heterostructures. Meanwhile, these as‐prepared organic branched heterostructures can realize multi‐channel and multi‐color emission, and act as optical logic gates, which promotes the multifunctional integrated optoelectronics.
Identification of a prognostic signature in colorectal cancer using combinatorial algorithm‐driven analysis
Authors: Alnabulsi Abdo , Wang Tiehui , Pang Wei , Ionescu Marius , Craig Stephanie G , Humphries Matthew P , McCombe Kris , Salto Tellez Manuel , Alnabulsi Ayham , Murray Graeme I
Published: January 2022

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common types of malignancy and a leading cause of cancer‐related death. Although clinicopathological parameters provide invaluable prognostic information, the accuracy of prognosis can be improved by using molecular biomarker signatures. Using a large dataset of immunohistochemistry‐based biomarkers (n = 66), this study has developed an effective methodology for identifying optimal biomarker combinations as a prognostic tool. Biomarkers were screened and assigned to related subsets before being analysed using an iterative algorithm customised for evaluating combinatorial interactions between biomarkers based on their combined statistical power. A signature consisting of six biomarkers was identified as the best combination in terms of prognostic power. The combination of biomarkers (STAT1, UCP1, p‐cofilin, LIMK2, FOXP3, and ICOS) was significantly associated with overall survival when computed as a linear variable (χ2 = 53.183, p < 0.001) and as a cluster variable (χ2 = 67.625, p < 0.001). This signature was also significantly independent of age, extramural vascular invasion, tumour stage, and lymph node metastasis (Wald = 32.898, p < 0.001). Assessment of the results in an external cohort showed that the signature was significantly associated with prognosis (χ2 = 14.217, p = 0.007). This study developed and optimised an innovative discovery approach which could be adapted for the discovery of biomarkers and molecular interactions in a range of biological and clinical studies. Furthermore, this study identified a protein signature that can be utilised as an independent prognostic method and for potential therapeutic interventions.
Anxiety is associated with higher recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Du Hong , Yang Lei , Hu Zheng , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2022

Previous studies that evaluated the influence of anxiety on recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation showed inconsistent results. We performed a meta‐analysis of cohort study to systematically evaluate the association between anxiety and AF recurrence after catheter ablation. Electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for relevant cohort studies from inception to January 20, 2021. We applied the random‐effect model to combine the results to incorporate the potential influence of heterogeneity among studies. Five cohort studies were eligible for the meta‐analysis, which included 549 patients with AF that received catheter ablation. No significant heterogeneity was observed among the included studies (I2 = 7%, P for Cochrane's Q test = 0.37). During a mean follow‐up of 9.7 months, 216 (39.3%) cases of recurrent AF occurred. Results of the meta‐analysis showed that anxiety was independently associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence after catheter ablation (adjusted relative risk: 2.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.71–3.26; p < .001). Subgroup analyses did not show that differences in study characteristics including study design, ethnicity of the patients, sample size, AF type, anxiety evaluation method, follow‐up duration, or adjustment of LAD may significantly affect the association between anxiety and AF recurrence (p for subgroup difference all > .10). Anxiety may be an independent risk factor for AF recurrence after catheter ablation. Whether alleviating anxiety mood could reduce the risk of AF recurrence after catheter ablation should also be investigated.
TITAN: An end‐to‐end data analysis environment for the Hyperion™ imaging system
Authors: Thirumal Sindhura , Jamzad Amoon , Cotechini Tiziana , Hindmarch Charles T. , Graham Charles H. , Siemens D. Robert , Mousavi Parvin
Published: January 2022

Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) is a powerful high‐throughput technique enabling resolution of up to 37 markers in a single fixed tissue section while also preserving in situ spatial relationships. Currently, IMC processing and analysis necessitates the use of multiple different software, labour‐intensive pipeline development, different operating systems and knowledge of bioinformatics, all of which are a barrier to many potential users. Here we present TITAN – an open‐source, single environment, end‐to‐end pipeline that can be utilized for image visualization, segmentation, analysis and export of IMC data. TITAN is implemented as an extension within the publicly available 3D Slicer software. We demonstrate the utility, application, reliability and comparability of TITAN using publicly available IMC data from recently‐published breast cancer and COVID‐19 lung injury studies. Compared with current IMC analysis methods, TITAN provides a user‐friendly, efficient single environment to accurately visualize, segment, and analyze IMC data for all users.
Path planning in unmanned aerial vehicles: An optimistic overview
Authors: Shahid Noor , Abrar Muhammad , Ajmal Ushna , Masroor Roha , Amjad Shehzad , Jeelani Mubashir
Published: January 2022

With the development in the technology, a rapid increase in the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is observed. UAVs are executing tasks that were previously performed by humans or manned aircraft, thus reducing the man workload and saving time. Path planning of UAVs is one of the most researched topics these days. Researchers are investigating more about UAVs and path planning to make it more feasible and economical. The major issue faced while planning a feasible path is to detect and avoid the obstacles encountered during a mission. This paper presents a detailed analysis of path planning in UAVs. Important aspects of path planning, that is, environment, dimensions, obstacles, and type and number of UAVs used in path planning, are also being discussed. Obstacle scenarios which UAV may come across during a mission and constraints which UAV has to follow for successful mission are briefly mentioned. Optimization techniques used to optimize the UAV path are also presented. In addition, future challenges and issues are also discussed.
A Biomass‐Based Hydrogel Evaporator Modified Through Dynamic Regulation of Water Molecules: Highly Efficient and Cost‐Effective
Authors: Luo Boqiu , Wen Jin , Wang Hao , Zheng Size , Liao Rui , Chen Wenjing , Mahian Omid , Li Xiaoke
Published: January 2022

Solar‐driven hydrogel evaporator used for water purification demonstrates great potential in seawater desalination and domestic sewage treatment. However, much uncertainty still exists about the most efficient design to obtain cost‐effective drinkable water. In this paper, a natural rich biomass Nicandra physalodes (Linn.) Gaertn. polysaccharide was introduced into the polyvinyl alcohol network to control the water distribution during evaporation and build a low‐cost hybrid hydrogel solar evaporator with a total material cost of $7.95 m−2. The mixed evaporator works stably in a long‐span acid–base range (pH 1–14) and salinity range (0–320 g kg−1). Its daily water purification capacity can reach 24.4 kg m−2 with a water purification capacity of 3.51 kg m−2 h−1 under sunlight. This paper provides a new possibility for a highly efficient and cost‐effective water desalination system with guaranteed water quality by focusing on the dynamic regulation of water molecules at the evaporation interface.
A thermal‐optimal design of lithium‐ion battery for the container storage system
Authors: Shi Hong , Xu Wenbing , Zhu Xinlong , Wang Junyi , Yang Kaijie , Zou Yitao , Chen Zhaolin
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the permitted temperature value of the battery cell and DC‐DC converter is proposed. The flow and temperature field of the lithium‐ion batteries is obtained by the computational fluid dynamic method. Thus, the package structure of the battery pack is optimized based on four influencing factors. The results indicate that (1) setting a new inlet on the wall, I can improve ventilation and the inlet is better located below the waist of the battery pack. (2) Air inlet location close to the fan is easy to generate short air circuit, which leads to DC‐DC converter in poor condition of heat dissipation. (3) Adjusting the size of the air inlet mainly affects the temperature distribution of the cells but has little effect on the temperature of the DC‐DC converter. (4) Regulating the gap size can enhance the cell temperature uniformity. (5) The optimized battery pack structure is obtained, where the maximum cell surface temperature is 297.51 K, and the maximum surface temperature of the DC‐DC converter is 339.93 K. The above results provide an approach to exploring the optimal design method of lithium‐ion batteries for the container storage system with better thermal performance.