bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A guided self-help intervention in primary care to improve coping and mental health: an observational study
Authors: Rijnders Paul , Heene Els , Van Dijk Maarten , Van Straten Annemieke , Hutschemaekers Giel , Verbraak Marc
Published: October 2016

Rationale, aims and objective: Introducing low intensive guided self-help interventions may offer an opportunity to decrease the high burden of mental disorders while maintaining the affordability of mental healthcare services. This study aimed to evaluate the pre- post-test effects of a low-intensive guided self-help intervention after implementation in GP practices Methods: The intervention aimed to improve coping mechanisms in order to improve mental health. It consisted of a self-help manual with therapeutic support delivered over a maximum of 8 treatment sessions. During a 36 month period, data on two outcome parameters: level of general functioning (OQ-45) and coping style (UCL), were collected from 1829 patients with an array of mental health symptoms who were referred by their GP. Measurements took place at treatment onset, following three sessions and then at treatment termination. Results: Complete results were available for 559 (31%) of the 1829 patients. No indications for an attrition bias were found. The completers analysis showed that the results regarding the OQ- and UCL-outcomes over time were statistically significant: symptom severity dropped decidedly, general functioning sharply improved and coping style was more effective than at baseline. The overall within effect size for decrease in psychological symptoms was d=0.85. Approximately 45% of the patients were either recovered or clinically improved. Conclusion: The treatment appeared to be effective in routine care while requiring considerably less therapist time than the commonly used high intensive treatments. A randomized controlled trial is now required to determine the effectiveness.
Public led online trials and participatory action research: Why do we need them?
Authors: Price Amy
Published: October 2016

Aim: The aim of this paper is to propose a participatory action research network where the public are equipped with the tools to become informed and responsible shared research decision-makers who help prioritize, initiate, design, organize and participate in health research through online randomized controlled trials about health and wellbeing.Concept Summary: Public involvement in clinical trials tends to focus on patient values and experience rather than increasing research literacy or fostering active collaboration and informed shared decision-making amongst citizens. Although literature searches reveal bespoke platforms and pockets of participant collaboration in online trials there are no known international research initiatives exploring this perspective through participatory action research. The potential and the limitations of pragmatic "Does it Work?" clinical trials for engaging citizen collaborators is discussed in addition to the capacity of public led online clinical trials to increase research literacy and participant satisfaction.
Training clinicians in whole person-centred healthcare
Authors: Broom Brian
Published: October 2016

Since 1987 in New Zealand a form of person-centred healthcare has emerged, which was originally loosely  referred to as ‘medicine and story’ and then developed into a University program titled MindBody Healthcare, but more recently has been described in clinical settings and publications as the Whole Person Approach. This paper emphasises the co-emergence of physicality and subjectivity from conception and the harm that comes from keeping mind and body apart in the treatment of physical illness of all kinds. Symbolic physical diseases provide particularly vivid and glaring examples of the need to attend to patient subjectivity as a part of treatment. Clinicians must learn to deal with whole persons and the patient’s story is a practical doorway into the complexity of this whole. Training clinicians over two decades to become whole person-focussed and competent has revealed that clinicians need sustained education to move from the typical Western healthcare dualistic view of patients with physical disease to a unitive, non-dualistic, whole person understanding. It takes time, practice, support and supervision for this to be expressed comfortably in clinical settings. The shift from expert clinician-to-disease focus to a more human-to-human dynamic, underwriting everything that is done, can be very challenging for some clinicians. Specific attitudes are required and some skills in eliciting relevant story can be learned quite easily. There are many sources of resistances to these changes in the health institutions and clinicians are more of a problem than patients. Each clinical discipline within the health sector tends to have unique problems. But the rewards for whole person practice are great for both clinicians and patients.
Japanese psychiatric nurses’ attitudes toward Evidence-Based Practice: association with needs for learning psychoeducation practices.
Authors: Matsuda Mitsunobu , Kono Ayumi
Published: October 2016

Rationale, aims and objectives: To support patients with mental disorders to address appropriate symptom control and preventive measures against relapse, evidence-based practice (EBP), such as psychoeducation, is an important intervention while performing psychiatric pharmacotherapy. However, the use of EBP is likely to have remained passive, as it has been reported being disseminated and implemented slowly. This study explored a classification of psychiatric nurses’ attitudes toward EBP and examined the association between a classification of attitudes toward EBP and needs for learning psychoeducation practices in nursing professionals involved with psychiatric services, with the aim of providing a basis for the dissemination of psychoeducation. Method: A mail questionnaire survey was conducted, involving a total of 194 nurses and assistant nurses working in 13 of the 42 psychiatric hospitals. Analysis was performed using the cluster analysis, chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The psychiatric nurses’ attitudes toward EBP were classified into 3 types: experience-oriented challenging, amotivational and rejective and conservative and obedient. Nurses showing amotivational and rejective attitudes accounted for the majority, while those showing experience-oriented challenging attitudes were more aware of the usefulness of psychoeducation and their levels of need for learning related practices were higher on comparison with the others. Conclusions: In order to disseminate psychoeducation among psychiatric hospitals, it may be important to develop interest in psychoeducation, particularly that of nurses showing experience-oriented challenging or conservative and obedient attitudes, with co-operation from nursing managers.
Healthcare personalism and the nature of the person. How can personalist thought advance the conceptual basis of person-centered medicine?
Authors: Marcum James
Published: October 2016

Healthcare personalism is a multifaceted approach to modern healthcare and its delivery, which champions the criticality of the person with respect to medical knowledge and clinical practice. As such, it is predicated on the philosophical movement of personalism in which the person per se plays a crucial role in analyzing the nature and function of individuals and their social institutions. In this paper, philosophical personalism and especially Christian Smith’s explication of personhood are examined initially, along with a discussion of human dignity. Then, the nature of the person is analyzed in terms of its ontological, epistemological, and ethical dimensions to provide a philosophical framework for healthcare personalism. The paper concludes with a discussion of how healthcare personalism advances conceptually person-centered medicine, especially in terms of supporting the dignity of each person participating in the clinical encounter.
Provider communication style and treatment intensification in uncontrolled hypertension
Authors: Vimalananda Varsha , Solomon Jeffrey L , Bokhour Barbara G
Published: October 2016

Rationale, Aims and Objectives: Provider decisions to intensify antihypertensive medications are usually based on clinical metrics (i.e., blood pressure control), but may also be based on patient provided information. When providers use a participatory questioning style, patients share more information and providers may identify barriers to blood pressure control other than an inadequate medication regimen, such as poor adherence. Providers may in turn focus on such barriers rather than intensify treatment. We examined how providers’ question style influenced their treatment intensification for uncontrolled hypertension. Methods: We used qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze data from 43 audiorecorded clinical encounters. Transcripts were coded according to a priori categories including provider question style (open- and/or closed-ended) and whether treatment was intensified, as determined by interpretation of providers’ verbalizations. We used Fisher’s exact test to evaluate the association of provider questioning style with treatment intensification.Results: Providers used a mix of open- and closed-ended questions less frequently than they used closed-ended questions alone. Treatment intensification was less common when a mix of questions was used instead of closed-ended questions alone, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (29% vs. 73% of instances, p=0.07).Conclusions: Provider communication that invites patient participation may elicit more information about patient behavior, but may not impact decisions about treatment intensification in uncontrolled hypertension. Future studies should examine this question among a larger sample and investigate the relationship of participatory communication to improvements in blood pressure control.
Naming what we do
Authors: Broom Brian
Published: October 2016

No abstract
Self-efficacy as a mediator between physical and psychological factors in the disease management of patients with occupational respiratory diseases: a structural equation model
Authors: Mueller Katrin , Niermann Christina , Kotschy-Lang Nicola , Wagner Petra
Published: October 2016

Objectives: Sustaining physical capacity and reducing psychological symptoms are important, person-centered aims in the disease management of patients with occupational lung diseases. Self-efficacy is an individual resource that appears crucial in disease management. The objective of this study is to explore the association between the severity of disease, psychological risk, self-efficacy and physical capacity.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 197 patients (age: M = 69.9 years) with occupational lung diseases were included at the beginning of inpatient rehabilitation. The parameters were objectively (FEV1%pred, FVC%pred) and subjectively measured severity of disease (mMRC), psychological risk (HADS-D, CRQ Emotion), self-efficacy (CSES-D) and physical capacity (6MWD).Results: Illness-specific self-efficacy is significantly correlated with FEV1%pred, FVC%pred, perceived dyspnoea, depression, anxiety and physical capacity. Structural equation models revealed a negative effect of psychological risk on physical capacity mediated by self-efficacy with a good model fit.Conclusions: The results emphasize the relevance of patients’ self-efficacy in the disease management of occupational lung diseases. Self-efficacy directly affects physical capacity and mediates the effect of psychological health on physical capacity. Psychological risk factors such as depressive symptoms are negatively related to self-efficacy in managing lung disease in difficult situations. However, self-efficacy is a psychological resource which is positively related to physical capacity. Therefore, our results suggest that promoting self-efficacy during rehabilitation could improve disease management in patients with occupational lung diseases.
Notions of clinical excellence in hospital medicine: a brief reflection on specific case studies
Authors: Kotwal Susrutha , Howell Eric , Brotman Daniel , Wright Scott
Published: October 2016

Background: The individuals who are being admitted to our hospitals are generally sicker and more medically complex than ever before. These patients rely on highly skilled healthcare providers for this acute medical care, yet clinical excellence in hospital medicine has not been well described in the literature. Objective: The intention of this manuscript is to highlight examples of clinical excellence in hospital medicine, from published literature, as they relate to the definition formulated by the Miller-Coulson Academy of Clinical Excellence.  Results: Exemplary case reports and research studies in hospital medicine were identified to describe each of the domains of excellence: communication and interpersonal skills, professionalism and humanism, diagnostic acumen, skillful negotiation of the healthcare system, knowledge and having scholarly approach to clinical practice.Conclusion: Applying the definition of clinical excellence to hospital medicine can establish the standards for which physicians and trainees might aspire. Reflecting upon the efforts of commendable role models and praiseworthy teams in hospital medicine, may allow us all to improve along the continuum towards clinical mastery.
A commentary on “Alternative, Complementary or Orthodox: What is real medicine?”
Authors: Tassinari Mariateresa , Cerritelli Francesco , Di Sarsina Paolo Robertiu
Published: October 2016

No abstract
COMMENTARY. Holding Firm: Commentary on Newell and Lewith’s “Alternative, Complementary or Orthodox: What is real medicine?”
Authors: Tonelli Mark , Clancy Kelly A
Published: October 2016

No abstract
COMMENTARY. How does healing work - that’s the real question A commentary on: Alternative, Complementary or Orthodox: What is real medicine?
Authors: Sturmberg Joachim , Martin Carmel
Published: October 2016

No abstract
Curvature-induced expulsion of actomyosin bundles during cytokinetic ring contraction
Authors: Huang Junqi , Chew Ting Gang , Gu Ying , Palani Saravanan , Kamnev Anton , Martin Douglas S , Carter Nicholas J , Cross Robert Anthony , Oliferenko Snezhana , Balasubramanian Mohan K
Published: October 2016

Many eukaryotes assemble a ring-shaped actomyosin network that contracts to drive cytokinesis. Unlike actomyosin in sarcomeres, which cycles through contraction and relaxation, the cytokinetic ring disassembles during contraction through an unknown mechanism. Here we find in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus and Schizosaccharomyces pombe that, during actomyosin ring contraction, actin filaments associated with actomyosin rings are expelled as micron-scale bundles containing multiple actomyosin ring proteins. Using functional isolated actomyosin rings we show that expulsion of actin bundles does not require continuous presence of cytoplasm. Strikingly, mechanical compression of actomyosin rings results in expulsion of bundles predominantly at regions of high curvature. Our work unprecedentedly reveals that the increased curvature of the ring itself promotes its disassembly. It is likely that such a curvature-induced mechanism may operate in disassembly of other contractile networks.
Influence of doping in InP buffer on photoluminescence behavior of InPBi
Authors: Wang Peng , Pan Wenwu , Cao Chunfang , Wu Xiaoyan , Wang Shumin , Gong Qian
Published: October 2016

InP1−

x
Bi
x
epilayers with 1.0% bismuth concentration were grown on InP(001) substrates by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. Silicon and beryllium were doped into the InP buffer layer, and their influences on the photoluminescence (PL) emission of InPBi were investigated. The PL emission of InPBi was found to be intensified by beryllium doping into the InP buffer layer. However, there was no influence of silicon doping. To investigate the reason for the PL intensity enhancement of InPBi, the carrier transport behavior at the interface was also discussed.
Aboveground and belowground arthropods experience different relative influences of stochastic versus deterministic community assembly processes following disturbance
Authors: Ferrenberg Scott , Martinez Alexander S. , Faist Akasha M.
Published: October 2016

Background

Understanding patterns of biodiversity is a longstanding challenge in ecology. Similar to other biotic groups, arthropod community structure can be shaped by deterministic and stochastic processes, with limited understanding of what moderates the relative influence of these processes. Disturbances have been noted to alter the relative influence of deterministic and stochastic processes on community assembly in various study systems, implicating ecological disturbances as a potential moderator of these forces.

Methods

Using a disturbance gradient along a 5-year chronosequence of insect-induced tree mortality in a subalpine forest of the southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA, we examined changes in community structure and relative influences of deterministic and stochastic processes in the assembly of aboveground (surface and litter-active species) and belowground (species active in organic and mineral soil layers) arthropod communities. Arthropods were sampled for all years of the chronosequence via pitfall traps (aboveground community) and modified Winkler funnels (belowground community) and sorted to morphospecies. Community structure of both communities were assessed via comparisons of morphospecies abundance, diversity, and composition. Assembly processes were inferred from a mixture of linear models and matrix correlations testing for community associations with environmental properties, and from null-deviation models comparing observed vs. expected levels of species turnover (Beta diversity) among samples.

Results

Tree mortality altered community structure in both aboveground and belowground arthropod communities, but null models suggested that aboveground communities experienced greater relative influences of deterministic processes, while the relative influence of stochastic processes increased for belowground communities. Additionally, Mantel tests and linear regression models revealed significant associations between the aboveground arthropod communities and vegetation and soil properties, but no significant association among belowground arthropod communities and environmental factors.

Discussion

Our results suggest context-dependent influences of stochastic and deterministic community assembly processes across different fractions of a spatially co-occurring ground-dwelling arthropod community following disturbance. This variation in assembly may be linked to contrasting ecological strategies and dispersal rates within above- and below-ground communities. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence indicating concurrent influences of stochastic and deterministic processes in community assembly, and highlight the need to consider potential variation across different fractions of biotic communities when testing community ecology theory and considering conservation strategies.
Environmental and spatial drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic characteristics of bat communities in human-modified landscapes
Authors: Cisneros Laura M. , Fagan Matthew E. , Willig Michael R.
Published: October 2016

Background

Assembly of species into communities following human disturbance (e.g., deforestation, fragmentation) may be governed by spatial (e.g., dispersal) or environmental (e.g., niche partitioning) mechanisms. Variation partitioning has been used to broadly disentangle spatial and environmental mechanisms, and approaches utilizing functional and phylogenetic characteristics of communities have been implemented to determine the relative importance of particular environmental (or niche-based) mechanisms. Nonetheless, few studies have integrated these quantitative approaches to comprehensively assess the relative importance of particular structuring processes.

Methods

We employed a novel variation partitioning approach to evaluate the relative importance of particular spatial and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic aspects of bat communities in a human-modified landscape in Costa Rica. Specifically, we estimated the amount of variation in species composition (taxonomic structure) and in two aspects of functional and phylogenetic structure (i.e., composition and dispersion) along a forest loss and fragmentation gradient that are uniquely explained by landscape characteristics (i.e., environment) or space to assess the importance of competing mechanisms.

Results

The unique effects of space on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic structure were consistently small. In contrast, landscape characteristics (i.e., environment) played an appreciable role in structuring bat communities. Spatially-structured landscape characteristics explained 84% of the variation in functional or phylogenetic dispersion, and the unique effects of landscape characteristics significantly explained 14% of the variation in species composition. Furthermore, variation in bat community structure was primarily due to differences in dispersion of species within functional or phylogenetic space along the gradient, rather than due to differences in functional or phylogenetic composition.

Discussion

Variation among bat communities was related to environmental mechanisms, especially niche-based (i.e., environmental) processes, rather than spatial mechanisms. High variation in functional or phylogenetic dispersion, as opposed to functional or phylogenetic composition, suggests that loss or gain of niche space is driving the progressive loss or gain of species with particular traits from communities along the human-modified gradient. Thus, environmental characteristics associated with landscape structure influence functional or phylogenetic aspects of bat communities by effectively altering the ways in which species partition niche space.
YUCCAauxin biosynthetic genes are required for Arabidopsis shade avoidance
Authors: Müller-Moulé Patricia , Nozue Kazunari , Pytlak Melissa L. , Palmer Christine M. , Covington Michael F. , Wallace Andreah D. , Harmer Stacey L. , Maloof Julin N.
Published: October 2016

Plants respond to neighbor shade by increasing stem and petiole elongation. Shade, sensed by phytochrome photoreceptors, causes stabilization ofPHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORproteins and subsequent induction ofYUCCAauxin biosynthetic genes. To investigate the role ofYUCCAgenes in phytochrome-mediated elongation, we examined auxin signaling kinetics after an end-of-day far-red (EOD-FR) light treatment, and found that an auxin responsive reporter is rapidly induced within 2 hours of far-red exposure.YUCCA2, 5, 8,and9are all induced with similar kinetics suggesting that theycould act redundantly to control shade-mediated elongation. To test this hypothesis we constructed ayucca2, 5, 8, 9quadruple mutant and found that the hypocotyl and petiole EOD-FR and shade avoidance responses are completely disrupted. This work shows thatYUCCAauxin biosynthetic genes are essential for detectable shade avoidance and thatYUCCAgenes are important for petiole shade avoidance.
Cuidado de enfermagem no domicílio ao paciente com insuficiência cardíaca: revisão integrativa Nursing care at home patient with heart failure: integrative review
Authors: Silva Fabíola Vládia Freire , Silva Lúcia de Fátima da , Rabelo Ana Cleide Silva
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica acerca do cuidado de enfermagem no domicílio ao paciente com insuficiência cardíaca. Método: O levantamento dos artigos ocorreu pela consulta à periódicos de enfermagem, com publicações disponíveis online e na íntegra, indexadas nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE. Foram identificados 599 artigos, dos quais 17 compuseram a amostra do estudo. Resultados: Os textos originaram as seguintes categorias: cuidado domiciliar, equipe de saúde no cuidado domiciliar e propostas para melhor qualidade do atendimento. Conclusão: Considera-se importante o despertar para a necessidade de maiores investimentos e pesquisas nesta área, que mostrou-se uma proposta bastante positiva de cuidado humanizado, pois possibilita ao paciente estar no conforto do seu lar, contando com o apoio da sua família, além de incentivar o autocuidado e possibilitar maior autonomia. Descritores: Literatura de Revisão como Assunto; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Insuficiência Cardíaca.
Prevalência do tabagismo e terapêutica da dependência de nicotina: uma revisão integrativa Smoking prevalence and of nicotine dependence’s therapeutics: an integrative review
Authors: Silva Terezinha Alcântara , Ivo Maria Lucia , De Freitas Sandra Luzinete Felix , Sales Ana Paula Assis , Carvalho Alexandra Maria Almeida
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: Identificar evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre os aspectos epidemiológicos, abordagem do tabagista e terapêutica da dependência da nicotina na população. Método: Trata-se de revisão integrativa realizada na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, com as seguintes associações de palavras-chave: “prevalência e tabagismo”, “dependência e nicotina”, “depressão e tabagismo” e “abandono do hábito de fumar”. Resultados: Os resultados dos dezesseis artigos selecionados apontaram: ensino fundamental incompleto, baixa renda, início do tabagismo na adolescência, maior prevalência e recidiva entre mulheres. Conclusão: O tabagismo é mais prevalente em mulheres e estas apresentam maior recidiva após o tratamento. A terapêutica mais utilizada foi o uso conjunto de fármacos com a abordagem psicossocial e/ou método cognitivo comportamental. É necessário capacitar os profissionais de saúde para compreender o tabagismo como problema de saúde pública e encaminhar o usuário para tratamento. Descritores: Tabaco, Hábito de Fumar, Nicotina, Dependência.
UTI pediátrica: o significado do cuidar na perspectiva da mãe Pediatric ICU: the meaning of taking care in the mother’s perspective
Authors: Soares Larissa Gramazio , Rosa Natalina Maria da , Molina Rosemere Cristina Moretto , Higarashi Ieda Harumi , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: Compreender o significado da participação materna no cuidado ao filho internado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica (UTIP). Método: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados no mês de outubro de 2013, por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, junto a oito mães. Os relatos foram submetidos à Análise de conteúdo modalidade temática. Resultados: Apresentados em quatro categorias: “Reconhecimento da função materna”; “Cuidado como recurso de enfrentamento”; “O aprender a cuidar se dá observando e cuidando” e “Papel da equipe de enfermagem”. Conclusão: Torna-se imprescindível que os profissionais se sensibilizem ante as necessidades das mães, decorrentes do processo de hospitalização dos filhos,  reforcem os aspectos positivos de sua permanência no contexto assistencial, e ao mesmo tempo, intervenham nos aspectos negativos, proporcionando assim, um cuidado integral, humanizado e qualificado ao binômio no ambiente hospitalar. Descritores: Enfermagem familiar, Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica, Relação mãe-filho.
Conhecimento de estudantes adolescentes sobre transmissão, prevenção e comportamentos de risco em relação às DST/HIV/AIDS Adolescent students knowledge about transmition, prevention and risky behavior related to STD/HIV/AIDS
Authors: Nelson Ana Raquel Cortês , Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da , Duarte Fernando Hiago da Silva , Prado Nanete Caroline da Costa , Costa Danyella Augusto Rosendo da Silva , Holanda Jose Rebberty Rodrigo
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos adolescentes sobre sexualidade, métodos contraceptivos e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, assim como analisar a vulnerabilidade e comportamentos de risco destes em relação as DST/aids. Métodos: Estudo descritivo-exploratório com abordagem quantitativa realizado de março a dezembro de 2013 com 222 estudantes da rede pública de ensino. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um questionário semiestruturado respondido em sala de aula. Resultados: O estudo apontou índices significativos de desconhecimento em relação a transmissão, prevenção e tratamento da aids, e elucidou  alguns comportamentos de risco que tornam a população jovem vulnerável as DST/aids. Conclusão:  Programas de orientação sexual nas escolas são necessários  para incentivar aos adolescentes  um comportamento sexual seguro, saudável e menos exposto a riscos. Descritores: Saúde do Adolescente, Saúde Escolar; Doenças Sexualmente Transmissívies.
Mobilização da liderança: concepção de graduandos em enfermagem Leadership mobilization: conception of undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Montezeli Juliana Helena , Caveião Cristiano , Hey Ana Paula , Peres Aida Maris , Romanio Maria Simone , Tavares Zélia Fornalski
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: identificar a concepção de graduandos do último período de um curso de Enfermagem sobre a mobilização da liderança na prática profissional do enfermeiro. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, com entrevista semiestruturada, realizado me uma Faculdade privada de Curitiba-PR. Participaram 6 acadêmicos de enfermagem. Resultados: através da análise de Conteúdo de Bardin foi possível identificar as seguintes categorias: características necessárias a um enfermeiro líder; fatores dificultadores para a liderança do enfermeiro; e reconhecimento de estilos de liderança. Considerações finais: embora as falas dos estudantes corroborem a literatura e mostrem que eles apresentam um perfil crítico, com reflexões pertinentes sobre o conteúdo teórico acerca da temática em questão, que, provavelmente, foi abordado durante a graduação, a falta de vivência no mundo do trabalho, que leva a percepções ingênuas do uso da liderança na vida profissional.
Desafios para o cuidado da insuficiência cardíaca: pesquisa exploratória com enfermeiras em Ontario Challenges for the heart failure care: exploratory research with nurses in Ontario
Authors: Correia Dayse Mary da Silva , Mesquita Evandro Tinoco , Singh Mina , Puigbonet Maria Elena , Rosa Maria Luiza Garcia
Published: October 2016

Objetivos: observar a implementação de protocolos canadenses aos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, assim como identificar junto às enfermeiras, aspectos de educação em saúde.  Método: pesquisa exploratória  no período de agosto a dezembro de 2013, onde a coleta de dados deu-se por observação  durante a Shadow Experience, e por  entrevista de enfermeiras canadenses. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva. Resultados: 28 pacientes foram observados na estratégia Shadow Experience em diferentes níveis de atendimento, e 13 enfermeiras entrevistadas. Em Educação em Saúde, o contato interpessoal foi a estratégia mais utilizada (69,23%), o tratamento foi a ação prioritária (76,92%), seguida da prevenção (30,77%). Há desafios com relação aos hábitos de vida prejudiciais, e para o autocuidado considerado pouco eficaz(38,46%).  Conclusão: A interação interpessoal, a qual envolveu profissionais e indivíduos canadenses em diferentes níveis de atendimento, contribuiu para identificar em sua implementação, ações básicas e desafios para insuficiência cardíaca.Descritores: enfermagem; insuficiência cardíaca; atenção primária; intercâmbio educacional internacional.
Perfil epidemiológico de mulheres com HPV atendidas em uma unidade básica de saúde Epidemiological profile of women with HPV treated in a basic health unit
Authors: Melo Túlio Felipe Vieira de , Bezerra Héllyda de Souza , Silva Dany Geraldo Kramer Cavalcanti e , Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico de mulheres com HPV atendidas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Método: A pesquisa de caráter quantitativo foi realizada em um bairro no município de Santa Cruz/RN, por meio das fichas individuais de 205 usuárias da Unidade. Resultados: O perfil epidemiológico foi caracterizado por mulheres com: idade entre 19-30 anos 57,6%; casadas 57,9%; brancas 42,1%; escolaridade até o ensino médio incompleto 42,2%; renda de até um salário mínimo 42,1%; primeira relação sexual entre 15-17 anos 52,6%; um parceiro 57,9%. Conclusão: As mesmas se encontram no grupo de risco para o acometimento do HPV, pois se apresentam como: jovens, casadas, de baixa escolaridade e renda familiar e iniciaram a vida sexual antes dos 18 anos. Descritores: Neoplasias do colo do útero; Prevenção primária; Esfregaço vaginal; Fatores socioeconômicos.
Sorodiscordância na atenção às pessoas com HIV/AIDS: implicações para o enfermeiro Serodiscordance in care for people with HIV/AIDS: implications for nurses
Authors: Souza Neto Vinicius Lino de , Silva Bárbara Coeli Oliveira da , Rodrigues Iellen Dantas Campos Verdes , Costa Cristiane da Silva , Mendonça Ana Elza de Oliveira , Negreiros Rosângela vidal de
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre a prática sexual em casais sorodiscordantes e destacar as implicações para a prática do enfermeiro. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Lilacs, SciELO, PubMED, CINAHL, sendo selecionados 12 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, publicados de 2009 a 2014. Resultados: a maioria dos artigos foram publicados por enfermeiros em 2011 e 2013 nas revistas Caderno de Saúde Pública, Temas em Psicologia e Revista da Escola de Enfermagem USP; sendo prevalente o descritor, casamento. As publicações foram agrupadas em duas categorias temáticas: Práticas sexuais após o diagnóstico do HIV; e Sorodiscordância na vida afetivo-sexual de portadores do HIV/AIDS: implicações para o enfermeiro. Conclusões: ações de enfermagem pautadas na orientação sexual contribuam para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos sorodiscordantes.
N‐terminal polar amino acids of the C2 insert of nonmuscle myosin II‐C2 regulate its functional properties
Authors: Saha Shekhar , Halder Debdatta , Goswami Swagata , Jana Siddhartha S.
Published: October 2016

In this study, we investigated the regions in the alternatively spliced C2 insert of nonmuscle myosin (NM) II‐C conferring unique functional properties to the protein. We used constructs carrying deletions within different regions of C2 in neuronal cells; namely, the polar N terminus, the proline/serine‐rich middle, and the nonpolar C terminus. We compared the wild‐type NM II‐C2 and deletion mutants with respect to ATPase activity, coassembly with NM II‐B, regulation by myosin light‐chain kinase (MLCK), and solubility, to determine the C2 region(s) involved in these processes. In addition, we examined the ability of the mutants to rescue the neurite‐shortening phenotype upon NM II‐C2 knockdown in Neuro‐2a cells. Our data highlight the importance of the polar N terminus in NM II‐C2 function.
Glutathione upregulates cAMP signalling via G protein alpha 2 during the development of Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Lee Hyang‐Mi , Kim Ji‐Sun , Kang Sa‐Ouk
Published: October 2016

Despite the importance of glutathione in Dictyostelium, the role of glutathione synthetase (gshB/GSS) has not been clearly investigated. In this study, we observed that increasing glutathione content by constitutive expression of gshB leads to mound‐arrest and defects in 3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)‐mediated aggregation and developmental gene expression. The overexpression of gpaB encoding G protein alpha 2 (Gα2), an essential component of the cAMP signalling pathway, results in a phenotype similar to that caused by gshB overexpression, whereas gpaB knockdown in gshB‐overexpressing cells partially rescues the above‐mentioned phenotypic defects. Furthermore, Gα2 is highly enriched at the plasma membrane of gshB‐overexpressing cells compared to wild‐type cells. Therefore, our findings suggest that glutathione upregulates cAMP signalling via Gα2 modulation during Dictyostelium development.
Comment on the paper “Mars Express radio occultation data: A novel analysis approach” by Grandin et al. (2014)
Authors: Pätzold M. , Bird M. K. , Häusler B. , Peter K. , Tellmann S. , Tyler G. L.
Published: October 2016

In their recent paper, Grandin et al. (2014) claim to have developed a novel approach, principally a ray tracing method, to analyze radio sounding data from occulted spacecraft signals by planetary atmospheres without the usual assumptions of the radio occultation inversion method of a stratified, layered, symmetric atmosphere. They apply their “new approach” to observations of the Mars Express Radio Science (MaRS) experiment and compare their resulting temperature, neutral number density, and electron density profiles with those from MaRS, claiming that there is good agreement with the observations. The fact is, however, that there are serious disagreements in the most important altitude ranges. Their temperature profile shows a 30 K shift or a 300σ (1σ standard deviation = 0.1 K for the MaRS profile near the surface) difference toward warmer temperatures at the surface when compared with MaRS, while the MaRS profile is in best agreement with the profile from the Mars Climate Data Base V5.0 (MCD V5.0). Their full temperature profile from the surface to 250 km altitude deviates significantly from the MCD V5.0 profile. Their ionospheric electron density profile is considerably different from that derived from the MaRs observations. Although Grandin et al. (2014) claim to derive the neutral number density and temperature profiles above 200 km, including the asymptotic exosphere temperature, it is simply not possible to derive this information from what is essentially noise.
A cold and fresh ocean surface in the Nordic Seas during MIS 11: Significance for the future ocean
Authors: Kandiano Evgenia S. , van der Meer Marcel T. J. , Bauch Henning A. , Helmke Jan , Damsté Jaap S. Sinninghe , Schouten Stefan
Published: October 2016

Paleoceanographical studies of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 have revealed higher‐than‐present sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Atlantic and in parts of the Arctic but lower‐than‐present SSTs in the Nordic Seas, the main throughflow area of warm water into the Arctic Ocean. We resolve this contradiction by complementing SST data based on planktic foraminiferal abundances with surface salinity changes using hydrogen isotopic compositions of alkenones in a core from the central Nordic Seas. The data indicate the prevalence of a relatively cold, low‐salinity, surface water layer in the Nordic Seas during most of MIS 11. In spite of the low‐density surface layer, which was kept buoyant by continuous melting of surrounding glaciers, warmer Atlantic water was still propagating northward at the subsurface thus maintaining meridional overturning circulation. This study can help to better constrain the impact of continuous melting of Greenland and Arctic ice on high‐latitude ocean circulation and climate.
Excavating Stickney crater at Phobos
Authors: Bruck Syal Megan , Rovny Jared , Owen J. Michael , Miller Paul L.
Published: October 2016

Stickney crater, at 9 km across, dominates the morphology of ~22 km Phobos, the larger of the two moons of Mars. The Stickney impact event had global repercussions for Phobos, including extensive resurfacing and fracturing of the moon. Understanding the initial conditions and dynamical consequences of the collision is necessary to test competing hypotheses for the origin of peculiar grooved terrain that striates much of the surface. Previous modeling of the impact event was unable to replicate Stickney without globally fragmenting the satellite. Here we describe high‐resolution numerical simulations that successfully generate Stickney crater while maintaining the large‐scale structure of Phobos. Target porosity, which is estimated to be significant, aids in keeping the moon intact. Damage follows patterns centered on Stickney that are inconsistent with the observed alignment of grooved terrain on Phobos. Low‐velocity boulders are ejected at shallow angles in sufficient numbers to support a rolling‐boulder origin for grooved terrain.
Cloud liquid water path and radiative feedbacks over the Southern Ocean
Authors: Bodas‐Salcedo A. , Andrews T. , Karmalkar A. V. , Ringer M. A.
Published: October 2016

Climate models show a robust shortwave negative feedback in the midlatitude oceans in climate change simulations. This feedback is commonly attributed to an increase in cloud optical depth due to ice to liquid phase change as the climate warms. Here we use a cyclone compositing technique to show that the models' cloud liquid water path (LWP) response is strongly dependent on cloud regime. The radiative and LWP responses are not as tightly coupled as a zonal‐mean analysis would suggest, implying that the physical mechanisms that control the overall LWP response are not necessarily responsible for the radiative response. The area of the cyclone dominated by low‐level stratiform and shallow convective clouds plays a dominant role in the radiative response. Since these are mostly supercooled liquid clouds, the strength of a negative cloud phase feedback in the real world should be smaller than the one predicted by current models.
Identification of rocket‐induced acoustic waves in the ionosphere
Authors: Mabie Justin , Bullett Terence , Moore Prentiss , Vieira Gerald
Published: October 2016

Acoustic waves can create plasma disturbances in the ionosphere, but the number of observations is limited. Large‐amplitude acoustic waves generated by energetic sources like large earthquakes and tsunamis are more readily observed than acoustic waves generated by weaker sources. New observations of plasma displacements caused by rocket‐generated acoustic waves were made using the Vertically Incident Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR), an advanced high‐frequency radar. Rocket‐induced acoustic waves which are characterized by low amplitudes relative to those induced by more energetic sources can be detected in the ionosphere using the phase data from fixed frequency radar observations of a plasma layer. This work is important for increasing the number and quality of observations of acoustic waves in the ionosphere and could help improve the understanding of energy transport from the lower atmosphere to the thermosphere.
Release of radiogenic noble gases as a new signal of rock deformation
Authors: Bauer Stephen J. , Gardner W. Payton , Lee Hyunwoo
Published: October 2016

In this study we investigate the release of radiogenic noble gas isotopes during mechanical deformation. We developed an analytical system for dynamic mass spectrometry of noble gas composition and helium release rate of gas produced during mechanical deformation of rocks. Our results indicate that rocks release accumulated radiogenic helium and argon from mineral grains as they undergo deformation. We found that the release of accumulated 4He and 40Ar from rocks follows a reproducible pattern and can provide insight into the deformation process. Increased gas release can be observed before dilation, and macroscopic failure is observed during high‐pressure triaxial rock deformation experiments. Accumulated radiogenic noble gases can be released due to fracturing of mineral grains during small‐scale strain in Earth materials. Helium and argon are highly mobile, conservative species and could be used to provide information on changes in the state of stress and strain in Earth materials, and as an early warning signal of macroscopic failure. These results pave the way for the use of noble gases to trace and monitor rock deformation for earthquake prediction and a variety of other subsurface engineering projects.
The scaling exponent of residual nonwetting phase cluster size distributions in porous media
Authors: Iglauer Stefan , Wülling Wolfgang
Published: October 2016

During an imbibition process in two‐phase subsurface flow the imbibing phase can displace the nonwetting phase up to an endpoint at which a residual saturation is reached (which cannot be reduced further by additional wetting phase flow due to the complex pore network of the rock and associated strong capillary forces which trap the nonwetting phase). The residual nonwetting phase is split into many disconnected clusters of different sizes. This size distribution is of key importance, for instance, in the context of hydrocarbon recovery, contaminant transport, or CO2 geostorage; and it is well established that this size distribution follows a power law. However, there is significant uncertainty associated with the exact value of the distribution exponent τ, which mathematically describes the size distribution. To reduce this uncertainty and to better constrain τ, we analyzed a representative experimental data set with mathematically rigorous methods, and we demonstrate that τ is substantially smaller (≈1.1) than previously suggested. This raises increasing doubt that simple percolation models can accurately predict subsurface fluid flow behavior; and this has serious consequences for subsurface flow processes: hydrocarbon recovery is easier than predicted, but CO2 geostorage dissolution trapping capacities are significantly reduced and potential remobilization of residual CO2 is more likely than previously believed.
The 17 March 2013 storm: Synergy of observations related to electric field modes and their ionospheric and magnetospheric Effects
Authors: Lyons L. R. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B. , Zou S. , Weygand J. M. , Nishimura Y. , Li W. , Gkioulidou M. , Angelopoulos V. , Donovan E. F. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Anderson B. J. , Shepherd S. G. , Nishitani N.
Published: October 2016

The main phase of the 17 March 2013 storm had excellent coverage from ground‐based instruments and from low‐ and high‐altitude spacecraft, allowing for evaluation of the relations between major storm time phenomena that are often considered separately. The shock impact with its concurrent southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) immediately drove dramatic poleward expansion of the poleward boundary of the auroral oval (implying strong nightside reconnection), strong auroral activity, and strong penetrating midlatitude convection and ionospheric currents. This was followed by periods of southward IMF driving of electric fields that were at first relatively smooth as often employed in storm modeling but then became extremely bursty and structured associated with equatorward extending auroral streamers. The auroral oval did not expand much further poleward during these two latter periods, suggesting a lower overall nightside reconnection rate than that during the first period and approximate balance with dayside reconnection. Characteristics of these three modes of driving were reflected in horizontal and field‐aligned currents. Equatorward expansion of the auroral oval occurred predominantly during the structured convection mode, when electric fields became extremely bursty. The period of this third mode also approximately corresponded to the time of largest equatorward motion of the ionospheric trough, of apparent transport of high total electron content (TEC) features into the auroral oval from the polar cap, and of largest earthward injection of ions and electrons into the ring current. The enhanced responses of the aurora, currents, TEC, and the ring current indicate a common driving of all these storm time features during the bursty convection mode period.