bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WNT signalling control by KDM5C during development affects cognition
Authors: Karwacki-Neisius Violetta , Jang Ahram , Cukuroglu Engin , Tai Albert , Jiao Alan , Predes Danilo , Yoon Joon , Brookes Emily , Chen Jiekai , Iberg Aimee , Halbritter Florian , Õunap Katrin , Gecz Jozef , Schlaeger Thorsten M. , Ho Sui Shannan , Göke Jonathan , He Xi , Lehtinen Maria K. , Pomeroy Scott L. , Shi Yang
Published: February 2024

Although KDM5C is one of the most frequently mutated genes in X-linked intellectual disability1, the exact mechanisms that lead to cognitive impairment remain unknown. Here we use human patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and Kdm5c knockout mice to conduct cellular, transcriptomic, chromatin and behavioural studies. KDM5C is identified as a safeguard to ensure that neurodevelopment occurs at an appropriate timescale, the disruption of which leads to intellectual disability. Specifically, there is a developmental window during which KDM5C directly controls WNT output to regulate the timely transition of primary to intermediate progenitor cells and consequently neurogenesis. Treatment with WNT signalling modulators at specific times reveal that only a transient alteration of the canonical WNT signalling pathway is sufficient to rescue the transcriptomic and chromatin landscapes in patient-derived cells and to induce these changes in wild-type cells. Notably, WNT inhibition during this developmental period also rescues behavioural changes of Kdm5c knockout mice. Conversely, a single injection of WNT3A into the brains of wild-type embryonic mice cause anxiety and memory alterations. Our work identifies KDM5C as a crucial sentinel for neurodevelopment and sheds new light on KDM5C mutation-associated intellectual disability. The results also increase our general understanding of memory and anxiety formation, with the identification of WNT functioning in a transient nature to affect long-lasting cognitive function.
Super-additive cooperation
Authors: Efferson Charles , Bernhard Helen , Fischbacher Urs , Fehr Ernst
Published: February 2024

Repeated interactions provide an evolutionary explanation for one-shot human cooperation that is counterintuitive but orthodox1–3. Intergroup competition4–7 provides an explanation that is intuitive but heterodox. Here, using models and a behavioural experiment, we show that neither mechanism reliably supports cooperation. Ambiguous reciprocity, a class of strategies that is generally ignored in models of reciprocal altruism, undermines cooperation under repeated interactions. This finding challenges repeated interactions as an evolutionary explanation for cooperation in general, which further challenges the claim that repeated interactions in the past can explain one-shot cooperation in the present. Intergroup competitions also do not reliably support cooperation because groups quickly become extremely similar, which limits scope for group selection. Moreover, even if groups vary, group competitions may generate little group selection for multiple reasons. Cooperative groups, for example, may tend to compete against each other8. Whereas repeated interactions and group competitions do not support cooperation by themselves, combining them triggers powerful synergies because group competitions constrain the corrosive effect of ambiguous reciprocity. Evolved strategies often consist of cooperative reciprocity with ingroup partners and uncooperative reciprocity with outgroup partners. Results from a behavioural experiment in Papua New Guinea fit exactly this pattern. They thus suggest neither an evolutionary history of repeated interactions without group competition nor a history of group competition without repeated interactions. Instead, our results suggest social motives that evolved under the joint influence of both mechanisms.
Highly accurate blood test for Alzheimer’s disease is similar or superior to clinical cerebrospinal fluid tests
Authors: Barthélemy Nicolas R. , Salvadó Gemma , Schindler Suzanne E. , He Yingxin , Janelidze Shorena , Collij Lyduine E. , Saef Benjamin , Henson Rachel L. , Chen Charles D. , Gordon Brian A. , Li Yan , La Joie Renaud , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Morris John C. , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Palmqvist Sebastian , Ossenkoppele Rik , Rabinovici Gil D. , Stomrud Erik , Bateman Randall J. , Hansson Oskar
Published: February 2024

With the emergence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disease-modifying therapies, identifying patients who could benefit from these treatments becomes critical. In this study, we evaluated whether a precise blood test could perform as well as established cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests in detecting amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles. Plasma %p-tau217 (ratio of phosporylated-tau217 to non-phosphorylated tau) was analyzed by mass spectrometry in the Swedish BioFINDER-2 cohort (n = 1,422) and the US Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC) cohort (n = 337). Matched CSF samples were analyzed with clinically used and FDA-approved automated immunoassays for Aβ42/40 and p-tau181/Aβ42. The primary and secondary outcomes were detection of brain Aβ or tau pathology, respectively, using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as the reference standard. Main analyses were focused on individuals with cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia), which is the target population for available disease-modifying treatments. Plasma %p-tau217 was clinically equivalent to FDA-approved CSF tests in classifying Aβ PET status, with an area under the curve (AUC) for both between 0.95 and 0.97. Plasma %p-tau217 was generally superior to CSF tests in classification of tau-PET with AUCs of 0.95–0.98. In cognitively impaired subcohorts (BioFINDER-2: n = 720; Knight ADRC: n = 50), plasma %p-tau217 had an accuracy, a positive predictive value and a negative predictive value of 89–90% for Aβ PET and 87–88% for tau PET status, which was clinically equivalent to CSF tests, further improving to 95% using a two-cutoffs approach. Blood plasma %p-tau217 demonstrated performance that was clinically equivalent or superior to clinically used FDA-approved CSF tests in the detection of AD pathology. Use of high-performance blood tests in clinical practice can improve access to accurate AD diagnosis and AD-specific treatments.
A mixed methods experience sampling study of a posttraumatic growth model for addiction recovery
Authors: Runyan Jason D. , Vermilya Silas , St. Pierre Megan , Brooks Nathan W. , Fowler Avery , Brewer Tia
Published: February 2024

Problematic substance use and addiction is a growing crisis in the United States. As a result, identifying factors that effectively promote addiction recovery is, currently, of particular societal importance. Informed by evidence that—while addiction can be perpetuated by stress-related impulsivity and decreased self-regulation—perceived social support is protective against addiction, we test a model for addiction recovery as a form of posttraumatic growth (PTG), focused specifically on close relationships and personal strength—two domains of PTG. In an initial study, we found that perceived social support and impulsivity predicted number of relapses in individuals in a substance use disorder recovery program. Using experience sampling, we then observed that experiencing a stressful event predicted impulsive behavior. However, experiencing closeness with others—a domain of PTG—was directly associated with perceived social support, and both predicted positive emotional states, which were, in turn, inversely associated with experiencing a stressful event. Further, when experiencing a stressful event, personal strength—also a domain of PTG—was inversely associated with impulsive behavior and was predicted by both perceived social support and positive emotional states. Finally, in a follow-up experiment, we found that an ecological momentary intervention targeting perceived social support decreased impulsivity and increased self-regulation—an aspect of personal strength—in a dose-dependent fashion. Taken together, our findings: (1) support a PTG model for recovery; (2) provide evidence for processes by which close supportive relationships are protective against addiction and relapse; and (3) indicate that self-regulation is responsive to a short in-the-moment perceived social support intervention. We suggest that these findings support the theory that addiction is a social disease in the sense that close personal interactions and supportive relationships: (a) buffer against stress-related impulsivity, thereby protecting against addiction and relapse; and (b) increase personal strength, thereby decreasing the probability of impulsive—including addictive—behavior and promoting recovery.
Study on formation mechanism of mud-inclusion-type underground debris flows using natural caving method
Authors: Niu Xiangdong , Hou Kepeng , Bao Guangtuo , Zhe Yalei
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the formation mechanism of the mud-inclusion-type underground debris flows of natural caving underground mines. The characteristics of fine moraine particles flowing through the coarse-grained ore bed were used to analyze the formation process of mud inclusions in the caving ore bed through a physical model test. Based on the movement behavior of the mud inclusions of moraine in the caving ore bed, a formation-mechanism generalized model of underground debris flows with mud inclusions was established. The model was used to examine the formation mechanism of mud-inclusion-type underground debris flows in natural caving. The results showed that the fine moraine particles had good cross-flow characteristics in the process of drawing coarse-grained ore. The accumulation of fine moraine in the ore bed was a prerequisite for the formation of mud inclusions, and the fluid inclusions were formed by a mixture of the particles with the infiltrated water. When mud inclusions in moraine are affected by many factors, such as ore-drawing vibrations, blasting vibrations, and groundwater, the inclusions undergo multiple migration–stop–migration cycles, resulting in separation or fusion. However, the inclusions are released along the optimal random pore path to the outlet, forming a certain scale of underground debris flows accidents. The accuracy and reliability of the formation mechanism were verified through geophysical explorations based on the equivalent inverse flux transient electromagnetic method. This study not only broadens the research on debris flow, but also provides theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of underground debris flows.
A novel micro-CT analysis for evaluating the regenerative potential of bone augmentation xenografts in rabbit calvarias
Authors: Beitlitum Ilan , Rayyan Fatma , Pokhojaev Ariel , Tal Haim , Sarig Rachel
Published: February 2024

Guided Bone Regeneration is a common procedure, yet, as new grafting materials are being introduced into the market, a reliable evaluation method is required. Critical size defect in animal models provides an accurate simulation, followed by histological sections to evaluate the new bone formation. However, histology is destructive, two-dimensional and technique-sensitive. In this study we developed a novel volumetric Micro-CT analysis to quantify new bone formation characteristics. Eight adult female New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to calvarial critical-size defects. Four 8 mm in diameter circular defects were preformed in each animal, to allow random allocation of four treatment modalities. All calvarias were scanned using Micro-CT. Each defect was segmented into four equal parts: pristine bone, outer, middle, and inner. Amira software (v. 6.3, www.fei.com) was used to calculate the new bone volume in each region and compare it to that of the pristine bone. All grafting materials demonstrated that new bone formation decreased as it moved inward. Only the inner region differed across grafting materials (p = 0.001). The new Micro-CT analysis allowed us to divide each defect into 3D regions providing better understanding of the bone formation process. Amongst the various advantages of the Micro-CT, it enables us to quantify the graft materials and the newly formed bone independently, and to describe the defect morphology in 3D (bi- vs. uni-cortical defects). Providing an insight into the inner region of the defect can better predict the regenerative potential of the bone augmentation graft material. Therefore, the suggested Micro-CT analysis is beneficial for further developing of clinical approaches.
Stability study in selected conditions and biofilm-reducing activity of phages active against drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Bagińska Natalia , Grygiel Ilona , Orwat Filip , Harhala Marek Adam , Jędrusiak Adam , Gębarowska Elżbieta , Letkiewicz Sławomir , Górski Andrzej , Jończyk-Matysiak Ewa
Published: February 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii is currently a serious threat to human health, especially to people with immunodeficiency as well as patients with prolonged hospital stays and those undergoing invasive medical procedures. The ever-increasing percentage of strains characterized by multidrug resistance to widely used antibiotics and their ability to form biofilms make it difficult to fight infections with traditional antibiotic therapy. In view of the above, phage therapy seems to be extremely attractive. Therefore, phages with good storage stability are recommended for therapeutic purposes. In this work, we present the results of studies on the stability of 12 phages specific for A. baumannii under different conditions (including temperature, different pH values, commercially available disinfectants, essential oils, and surfactants) and in the urine of patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Based on our long-term stability studies, the most optimal storage method for the A. baumannii phage turned out to be − 70 °C. In contrast, 60 °C caused a significant decrease in phage activity after 1 h of incubation. The tested phages were the most stable at a pH from 7.0 to 9.0, with the most inactivating pH being strongly acidic. Interestingly, ethanol-based disinfectants caused a significant decrease in phage titers even after 30 s of incubation. Moreover, copper and silver nanoparticle solutions also caused a decrease in phage titers (which was statistically significant, except for the Acba_3 phage incubated in silver solution), but to a much lesser extent than disinfectants. However, bacteriophages incubated for 24 h in essential oils (cinnamon and eucalyptus) can be considered stable.
The interplay of sensory feedback, arousal, and action tremor amplitude in essential tremor
Authors: Welzel Julius , Güthe Miriam , Keil Julian , Hermann Gesine , Wolke Robin , Maetzler Walter , Becktepe Jos S.
Published: February 2024

Essential tremor (ET) amplitude is modulated by visual feedback during target driven movements and in a grip force task. It has not been examined yet whether visual feedback exclusively modulates target force tremor amplitude or if other afferent inputs like auditory sensation has a modulatory effect on tremor amplitude as well. Also, it is unknown whether the enhanced sensory feedback causes an increase of arousal in persons with ET (p-ET). We hypothesized that (1) amplitude of tremor is modulated by variation of auditory feedback in the absence of visual feedback in a force tremor paradigm; (2) increase of tremor amplitude coincides with pupillary size as a measure of arousal. 14 p-ET and 14 matched healthy controls (HC) conducted a computer-based experiment in which they were asked to match a target force on a force sensor using their thumb and index finger. The force-induced movement was fed back to the participant visually, auditory or by a combination of both. Results showed a comparable deviation from the target force (RMSE) during the experiment during all three sensory feedback modalities. The ANOVA revealed an effect of the high vs. low feedback condition on the tremor severity (Power 4–12 Hz) for the visual- and also for the auditory feedback condition in p-ET. Pupillometry showed a significantly increased pupil diameter during the auditory involved high feedback conditions compared to the low feedback conditions in p-ET. Our findings suggest that action tremor in ET is firstly modulated not only by visual feedback but also by auditory feedback in a comparable manner. Therefore, tremor modulation seems to be modality independent. Secondly, high feedback was associated with a significant pupil dilation, possibly mirroring an increased arousal/perceived effort.
Three-dimensional $${\mathbb {Z}}$$ topological insulators without reflection symmetry
Authors: Tyner Alexander C. , Juričić Vladimir
Published: February 2024

In recent decades, the Altland-Zirnabuer (AZ) table has proven incredibly powerful in delineating constraints for topological classification of a given band-insulator based on dimension and (nonspatial) symmetry class, and has also been expanded by considering additional crystalline symmetries. Nevertheless, realizing a three-dimensional (3D), time-reversal symmetric (class AII) topological insulator (TI) in the absence of reflection symmetries, with a classification beyond the $${\mathbb {Z}}_{2}$$

Z
2

paradigm remains an open problem. In this work we present a general procedure for constructing such systems within the framework of projected topological branes (PTBs). In particular, a 3D projected brane from a “parent” four-dimensional topological insulator exhibits a $${\mathbb {Z}}$$
Z
topological classification, corroborated through its response to the inserted bulk monopole loop. More generally, PTBs have been demonstrated to be an effective route to performing dimensional reduction and embedding the topology of a $$(d+1)$$

(
d
+
1
)

-dimensional “parent” Hamiltonian in d dimensions, yielding lower-dimensional topological phases beyond the AZ classification without additional symmetries. Our findings should be relevant for the metamaterial platforms, such as photonic and phononic crystals, topolectric circuits, and designer systems.
Lead isotopes of prehistoric copper tools define metallurgical phases in Late Neolithic and Eneolithic Italy
Authors: Artioli Gilberto , Angelini Ivana , Canovaro Caterina , Kaufmann Günther , Villa Igor Maria
Published: February 2024

The diffuse presence of small copper ore deposits in the Alpine area, mostly exploited since Late Medieval times, led most scholars to assume that these deposits may actually be active much earlier and that many of the circulating prehistoric metal objects found in the area were produced with local copper sources. This assumption was recently validated for the Recent Bronze Age through the use of lead isotope tracers, and well supported by the archaeometallurgical evidences found in the South-Eastern Alps. However, the scarcity of available lead isotope data for pre-Bronze Age metals precluded to date the reconstruction of the metal flow through the Late Neolithic and Eneolithic (or Copper Age). Based on 49 new analyses of important archaeological objects from the Alpine region, the Po River Valley and Central Italy, mostly axes dated from the Late Neolithic to the Late Eneolithic, here we show that the diffusion of copper in Northern Italy (approximately 4500–2200 BC) includes three major periods of metal use and/or production, each related to specific ore sources. The South Alpine copper was massively used only starting from the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, in connection or slightly earlier than the Beaker event.
Quantitative risk estimation of CNG station by using fuzzy bayesian networks and consequence modeling
Authors: Abbasi Kharajou Behzad , Ahmadi Hassan , Rafiei Masoud , Moradi Hanifi Saber
Published: February 2024

As one of the potential explosions and inflammation, compressed natural gas (CNG) stations in urban areas cause irreparable losses and casualties. Estimating risk assessment in gas stress based on coherent uses can reduce accidents in urban areas. The purpose of the present study was to estimate a small risk estimation at one of the CNG multipurpose stations, LPG, using combined models of the Fuzzy Bayesian Network, Bow-tie Diagram, and consequence modeling. This study was conducted based on the basic and 25 intermediate events. This study formed a seven-person safety team to identify the primary events and build the Bow-tie diagram. Then, because of the lack of a proper database, fuzzy theory was used to determine the probability of significant events. Bayesian networks were drawn based on the Bow-tie model using GeNLe software. Finally, the main events of the two Bow-tie, Bayesian network modeling, and risk estimation were performed with the help of PHAST/SAFETI (V8.22). The geographical information system software was used to zone the explosion effects. The Risk assessment result showed that the social risks and the Bayesian network model are more than Bow-tie, and the Bow-tie diagram is unacceptable. Therefore, using incompatible land uses in the vicinity of the CNG stations gives rise to the effects of accident scenarios in particular residential and administrative land uses, which decision-makers and city managers should consider. Based on the findings of this study, the obtained results can be utilized to implement effective control measures. These measures encompass devising a response plan tailored to address specific emergency conditions and conducting comprehensive training programs for the individuals and residents residing within the study area.
Short-term and mid-term evaluation of three types of minimally invasive lumbar fusion surgery for treatment of L4/L5 degenerative spondylolisthesis
Authors: Song Zhaojun , Zhang Zhi , Zheng Jiazhuang , Zhang Kai , Wang Fandong , Ran Maobo , Luo Juan
Published: February 2024

This was a single-centre retrospective study. Minimally invasive techniques for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF), oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF), and percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF) have been extensively used for lumbar degenerative diseases. The present study analyses the short-term and mid-term clinical effects of the above three minimally invasive techniques on L4/L5 degenerative spondylolisthesis. In this retrospective study, 98 patients with L4/L5 degenerative spondylolisthesis received MIS-TLIF, 107 received OLIF, and 114 received Endo-TLIF. All patients were followed up for at least one year. We compared patient data, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Oswestry disability index (ODI), visual analogue scale of low back pain (VAS-B), visual analogue scale of leg pain (VAS-L), surgical time, blood loss, drainage volume, hospital stay, complications, and neurological status. Moreover, we performed imaging evaluations, including lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), disc height (DH) and intervertebral fusion status. No significant differences were noted in age, sex, BMI, preoperative ODI, preoperative VAS-B, preoperative VAS-L, preoperative LLA, or preoperative DH. Patients who underwent OLIF had significantly decreased blood loss, a lower drainage volume, and a shorter hospital stay than those who underwent MIS-TLIF or Endo-TLIF (P < 0.05). The VAS-B in the OLIF group significantly decreased compared with in the MIS-TLIF and Endo-TLIF groups at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). The VAS-L in the Endo-TLIF group significantly decreased compared with that in the MIS-TLIF and OLIF groups at 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). The ODI in the OLIF group was significantly better than that in the MIS-TLIF and Endo-TLIF groups at 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences in the incidence of complications and healthcare cost were found among the three groups. Follow-up LLA and DH changes were significantly lower in the OLIF group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). The intervertebral fusion rate was significantly higher in the OLIF group than in the other groups at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, while MIS-TLIF, OLIF, and Endo-TLIF techniques can effectively treat patients with L4/5 degenerative spondylolisthesis, OLIF has more benefits, including less operative blood loss, a shorter hospital stay, a smaller drainage volume, efficacy for back pain, effective maintenance of lumbar lordosis angle and disc height, and a higher fusion rate. OLIF should be the preferred surgical treatment for patients with L4/5 degenerative spondylolisthesis.
Economic evaluation for medical artificial intelligence: accuracy vs. cost-effectiveness in a diabetic retinopathy screening case
Authors: Wang Yueye , Liu Chi , Hu Wenyi , Luo Lixia , Shi Danli , Zhang Jian , Yin Qiuxia , Zhang Lei , Han Xiaotong , He Mingguang
Published: February 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) models have shown great accuracy in health screening. However, for real-world implementation, high accuracy may not guarantee cost-effectiveness. Improving AI’s sensitivity finds more high-risk patients but may raise medical costs while increasing specificity reduces unnecessary referrals but may weaken detection capability. To evaluate the trade-off between AI model performance and the long-running cost-effectiveness, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis in a nationwide diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening program in China, comprising 251,535 participants with diabetes over 30 years. We tested a validated AI model in 1100 different diagnostic performances (presented as sensitivity/specificity pairs) and modeled annual screening scenarios. The status quo was defined as the scenario with the most accurate AI performance. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated for other scenarios against the status quo as cost-effectiveness metrics. Compared to the status quo (sensitivity/specificity: 93.3%/87.7%), six scenarios were cost-saving and seven were cost-effective. To achieve cost-saving or cost-effective, the AI model should reach a minimum sensitivity of 88.2% and specificity of 80.4%. The most cost-effective AI model exhibited higher sensitivity (96.3%) and lower specificity (80.4%) than the status quo. In settings with higher DR prevalence and willingness-to-pay levels, the AI needed higher sensitivity for optimal cost-effectiveness. Urban regions and younger patient groups also required higher sensitivity in AI-based screening. In real-world DR screening, the most accurate AI model may not be the most cost-effective. Cost-effectiveness should be independently evaluated, which is most likely to be affected by the AI’s sensitivity.
Higher handgrip strength is linked to higher salience ventral attention functional network segregation in older adults
Authors: Chong Joanna Su Xian , Chua Kevin Yiqiang , Ng Kwun Kei , Chong Shin Wee , Leong Ruth L. F. , Chee Michael W. L. , Koh Woon Puay , Zhou Juan Helen
Published: February 2024

Converging evidence suggests that handgrip strength is linked to cognition in older adults, and this may be subserved by shared age-related changes in brain function and structure. However, the interplay among handgrip strength, brain functional connectivity, and cognitive function remains poorly elucidated. Hence, our study sought to examine these relationships in 148 community-dwelling older adults. Specifically, we examined functional segregation, a measure of functional brain organization sensitive to ageing and cognitive decline, and its associations with handgrip strength and cognitive function. We showed that higher handgrip strength was related to better processing speed, attention, and global cognition. Further, higher handgrip strength was associated with higher segregation of the salience/ventral attention network, driven particularly by higher salience/ventral attention intra-network functional connectivity of the right anterior insula to the left posterior insula/frontal operculum and right midcingulate/medial parietal cortex. Importantly, these handgrip strength-related inter-individual differences in salience/ventral attention network functional connectivity were linked to cognitive function, as revealed by functional decoding and brain-cognition association analyses. Our findings thus highlight the importance of the salience/ventral attention network in handgrip strength and cognition, and suggest that inter-individual differences in salience/ventral attention network segregation and intra-network connectivity could underpin the handgrip strength-cognition relationship in older adults.
Nonlinear bosonic Maxwell’s demon by coupling to qubits
Authors: Ritboon Atirach , Filip Radim
Published: February 2024

The concept of Maxwell’s demon, proposed in classical physics as a means to extract work from a thermodynamics system beyond the constraints set by the second law of thermodynamics, has since been extended to modern quantum physics. Realization of the quantum Maxwell’s demon remains of actual interest given the potential of continuous-variable systems in quantum thermodynamics and current experimental opportunities. We propose a quantum Maxwell’s demon method, based on a Jaynes-Cummings two-level system, for subtracting bosonic energy inferred from successful measurements of excited qubits after linear and nonlinear interactions. The effect of these subtractions can suppress the tails of bosonic noise better than the linear interactions alone. The system statistics reaches an out-of-equilibrium state, becoming much closer to Poissonian distributions as indicated by the mean-to-noise ratio. The inclusion of a few additional optimal nonlinear subtractions can improve the success rate to ten times higher than the linear scheme, making the method significantly more efficient in exciting hundreds of qubits.
Collective dynamics of swarmalators with higher-order interactions
Authors: Anwar Md Sayeed , Sar Gourab Kumar , Perc Matjaž , Ghosh Dibakar
Published: February 2024

Higher-order interactions shape collective dynamics, but how they affect transitions between different states in swarmalator systems is yet to be determined. To that effect, we here study an analytically tractable swarmalator model that incorporates both pairwise and higher-order interactions, resulting in four distinct collective states: async, phase wave, mixed, and sync states. We show that even a minute fraction of higher-order interactions induces abrupt transitions from the async state to the phase wave and the sync state. We also show that higher-order interactions facilitate an abrupt transition from the phase wave to the sync state bypassing the intermediate mixed state. Moreover, elevated levels of higher-order interactions can sustain the presence of phase wave and sync state, even when pairwise interactions lean towards repulsion. The insights gained from these findings unveil self-organizing processes that hold the potential to explain sudden transitions between various collective states in numerous real-world systems.
The time since land-use transition drives changes in fire activity in the Amazon-Cerrado region
Authors: Ribeiro Andreia F. S. , Santos Lucas , Randerson James T. , Uribe Maria R. , Alencar Ane A. C. , Macedo Marcia N. , Morton Douglas C. , Zscheischler Jakob , Silvestrini Rafaella A. , Rattis Ludmila , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Brando Paulo M.
Published: February 2024

Deforestation and climate change are expected to alter fire regimes along the Cerrado-Amazon transition, one of the world’s most active agricultural frontiers. Here we tested the hypothesis that the time since land-use transition (age of frontier) and agricultural intensification also drive changes in the region’s fire regimes by reducing fire probability in both drought and non-drought years. We modeled fire probability as a function of the time since land-use transitions based on MapBiomas Project datasets from 1986 to 2020. We find that, while burned area declined as pasturelands aged and croplands advanced, deforestation abruptly increased fire activity before (Amazon: 4 years; Cerrado: 3 years) and after (Amazon: 8 years; Cerrado: 7 years) land clearing for pasture, especially in the Amazon. Additionally, the combination of ignition risk, drought, and air-dryness increased the likelihood of large extents of burned areas associated with deforestation. Incorporating frontier age as a proxy for governance in fire modeling is crucial, given the ecological implications of changing fire regimes despite declining rates of fire probability. Most importantly, protecting against deforestation and preserving native vegetation are vital.
Thermogenic methane and hydrogen generation in subducted sediments of the Nankai Trough
Authors: Suzuki Noriyuki , Koike Koutaro , Kameda Jun , Kimura Gaku
Published: February 2024

Active and widespread CH4 accumulations and emissions in the Nankai Trough subduction zone are attested by numerous mud volcanoes, gas plumes, and gas hydrates containing biogenic and thermogenic CH4. However, the source rocks of the thermogenic CH4 and the geological source of H2 for microbial CH4 production by methanogens remain uncertain. Here, we reveal the timing and rate of thermogenic CH4 and H2 generation from shales and metapelites associated with oceanic plate subduction in the Nankai Trough by gas and geochemical analyses. The results show that the thermogenic CH4 and H2 are generated mainly in the underthrust sediments below the décollement. The sustainable H2 supply from the underthrust sediments can potentially contribute to microbial CH4 production. The findings enhance our understanding of the active CH4 emission, large-scale gas hydrate formation, and subseafloor biosphere in the oceanic plate subduction zone.
A cross-sectional and population-based study from primary care on post-COVID-19 conditions in non-hospitalized patients
Authors: Ose Dominik J. , Gardner Elena , Millar Morgan , Curtin Andrew , Wu Jiqiang , Zhang Mingyuan , Schaefer Camie , Wang Jing , Leiser Jennifer , Stoesser Kirsten , Kiraly Bernadette
Published: February 2024

Background

Current research on post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) has focused on hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and often lacks a comparison group. This study assessed the prevalence of PCC in non-hospitalized COVID-19 primary care patients compared to primary care patients not diagnosed with COVID-19.

Methods

This cross-sectional, population-based study (n = 2539) analyzed and compared the prevalence of PCC in patients with a positive COVID-19 test (n = 1410) and patients with a negative COVID-19 test (n = 1129) never hospitalized for COVID-19 related conditions. Participants were identified using electronic health records and completed an electronic questionnaire, available in English and Spanish, including 54 potential post COVID-19 symptoms. Logistic regression was conducted to assess the association of PCC with COVID-19.

Results

Post-COVID-19 conditions are prevalent in both groups, and significantly more prevalent in patients with COVID-19. Strong significant differences exist for the twenty most reported conditions, except for anxiety. Common conditions are fatigue (59.5% (COVID-19 positive) vs. 41.3% (COVID-19 negative); OR 2.15 [1.79–2.60]), difficulty sleeping (52.1% (positive) vs. 41.9% (negative); OR 1.42 [1.18–1.71]) and concentration problems (50.6% (positive) vs 28.5% (negative); OR 2.64 [2.17–3.22]). Similar disparities in prevalence are also observed after comparing two groups (positive vs. negative) by age, sex, time since testing, and race/ethnicity.

Conclusions

PCC is highly prevalent in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients in primary care. However, it is important to note that PCC strongly overlaps with common health symptoms seen in primary care, including fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and headaches, which makes the diagnosis of PCC in primary care even more challenging.
Phosphine chalcogenides
Authors: Keglevich G.
Published: February 2024

This chapter gives an account of newer developments in the synthesis and reactivity of phosphine chalcogenides, mainly oxides and sulfides, during 2020. A series of new synthetic methods for phosphine oxides is discussed, followed by preparations utilizing simple P-reagents such as P(iii)- and P(v)-chlorides, and >P(O)H species. Their additions to unsaturated substrates and P–C coupling reactions, involving interesting variations, represent a hot topic. The modification of P-chalcogenides including deoxygenations are also shown. Optically active phosphine oxides and their complexes also form a usual part of this chapter.
Quinquevalent phosphorus acids
Authors: Bałczewski Piotr , Owsianik Krzysztof
Published: February 2024

This chapter shows, as in previous years, the most important achievements of the 2021 year in the area of organo-phosphorus compounds containing: three P–O bonds (Section 2: phosphoric acids and their derivatives), two P–O and one P–C bonds (Section 3: phosphonic acids and their derivatives) as well as one P–O and two P–C bonds (Section 4: phosphinic acids and their derivatives), in addition to the phosphoryl group P═O, present in all three groups of compounds. Each of the main sections covers “synthesis and reactions” including pure synthesis without applications, “synthesis and biological applications” and “synthesis and miscellaneous applications” including synthesis directed towards non-biological applications. At the end of each subsection, the corresponding achievements are shown for hetero-analogues in which phosphorus–oxygen bonds have been replaced by phosphorus–heteroatom P–X and/or P═Y bonds (X, Y = N, S or Se). The subsection on quinquevalent phosphorus acids and their derivatives as catalysts has been placed, as usual, at the end of the entire chapter, after a review of all three main groups of compounds. As in previous years, the area devoted to phosphoric and phosphonic acids and their derivatives dominated over a smaller section of phosphinic acids and their derivatives, and literature references for these sections remained at a ratio of 4 : 12 : 1. A dynamic, five-fold increase in the number of works, in the subject of chiral phosphoric acids as catalysts, has been recorded in this year.
Pentacoordinated and hexacoordinated compounds
Authors: Pajkert Romana , Röschenthaler Gerd-Volker
Published: February 2024

The chemistry of penta- and hexa-coordinated compounds continues to expand in its breadth and application. In this context, the synthesis, properties and structural investigations on novel cage-phosphoranes, spirophosphoranes, fluorophosphoranes, metallophosphoranes and pentacoordinated corroles have been briefly described. Pentacoordinated phosphoranes have been also postulated as intermediates and transition states in the synthesis of isoquinolines, indolizines,1,3-dienes or furan-monogenes as well as in the carbamate version of the Kabachnik–Field reaction. Furthermore, studies on hexacoordinated phosphorus(v) corroles, carbene-fluorophosphorane adducts and transition metal complexes stabilized by an FAP anion have been reported.
Phosphazenes
Authors: Chakraborty Amit , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: February 2024

This chapter summarizes the chemistry of phosphazenes in the calendar year 2021. The topics covered are acyclic phosphazenes, cyclophosphazenes, polyphosphazenes and hybrid polymers. The synthesis, structure and reactivity of these systems are covered. The applications of these compounds in various fields ranging from catalysis to flame-retardant properties are also reviewed. Acyclic phosphazenes also known as iminophosphoranes have been studied because of their applications as strong bases and organocatalysts as well as their ability to function as ligands towards transition-, lanthanide- and main-group metal ions. Cyclophosphazenes are the archetypical inorganic heterocyclic rings which have been studied in terms of their reactivity as well as their use in preparing dendrimer-like molecules. In addition, cyclophosphazenes have also been used as ligands in coordination chemistry. These aspects are covered in this chapter. This chapter also discusses various aspects of phosphazene polymers including their preparation, characterization, and applications in multiple fields.
Tracking the cellular uptake and phototoxicity of Ru(ii)-polypyridyl-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base conjugates
Authors: Bright Sandra A. , Erby MariaLuisa , Poynton Fergus E. , Monteyne Daniel , Pérez-Morga David , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur , Williams D. Clive , Elmes Robert B. P.
Published: February 2024

Ru(ii)-Polypyridyl-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's bases have undergone detailed biological profiling to unravel their mechanism of cellular uptake, cellular trafficking and cellular responses to photoexcitation.
The photomechanical bending and photosalient effect of flexible crystals of an acylhydrazone
Authors: Hazarika Pragyan J. , Gupta Poonam , Allu Suryanarayana , Nath Naba K.
Published: February 2024

Elastically flexible single crystals of an acylhydrazone derivative displayed photosalient effect preceded by photomechanical bending, demonstrating their utilisation for the design of multi-performance materials.
Derivative-based pre-training of graph neural networks for materials property predictions
Authors: Jia Shuyi , Parthasarathy Akaash R. , Feng Rui , Cong Guojing , Zhang Chao , Fung Victor
Published: February 2024

General pre-training strategy of graph neural networks for materials science.
Direction of oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst evaluation for an anion exchange membrane CO2 electrolyzer
Authors: Kwon Seontaek , Kong Tae-Hoon , Park Namgyoo , Thangavel Pandiarajan , Lee Hojeong , Shin Seokmin , Cha Jihoo , Kwon Youngkook
Published: February 2024

The reference electrode-integrated MEA-type electrolyzer can be utilized to genuinely assess OER electrocatalyst performance for CO2 electrolysis.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: Challenges and prospects in organic photonics and electronics
Authors: Catacchio Michele , Caputo Mariapia , Sarcina Lucia , Scandurra Cecilia , Tricase Angelo , Marchianò Verdiana , Macchia Eleonora , Bollella Paolo , Torsi Luisa
Published: February 2024

Bioelectronics are currently used in a huge variety of applications considering the ongoing revolution in personalised medicine. Bioelectronics are poised to make a significant impact on disease diagnosis and treatment.
Thermal segment microwell plate control for automated liquid handling setups
Authors: Seidel Simon , Winkler Katja F. , Kurreck Anke , Cruz-Bournazou Mariano Nicolas , Paulick Katharina , Groß Sebastian , Neubauer Peter
Published: February 2024

This publication introduces a thermal segment microwell plate control device, integrating smart sensor technology and standardized well-plate geometry for automated biolab setups. It is tested in a high-throughput enzymatic activity assay.
Thiochromenocarbazole imide-based photosensitizers decorated with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for the targeted treatment of hypoxic tumours
Authors: Merabti Amina , Sánchez Darío Puchán , Nocentini Alessio , Ali Lamiaa M. A. , Nguyen Christophe , Durand Denis , Hamon Kathleen , Ghanem Tatiana , Arnoux Philippe , Josse Pierre , Frochot Céline , Zalubovskis Raivis , Richeter Sébastien , Gary-Bobo Magali , Supuran Claudiu T. , Cabanetos Clément , Winum Jean-Yves , Clément Sébastien
Published: February 2024

A series of thiochromenocarbazole imide (TCI) photosensitizers featuring carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAi) was designed to alleviate the consequences of PDT-induced hypoxia by merging the advantages of hCA IX knockdowns with PDT.
In situ growth of N-doped carbon nanotubes from the products of graphitic carbon nitride etching by nickel nanoparticles
Authors: Pietrowski Mariusz , Alwin Emilia , Zieliński Michał , Szunerits Sabine , Suchora Agata , Wojcieszak Robert
Published: February 2024

The products of g-C3N4 etching are CH4, NH3, and HCN, which are used as building materials for N-doped carbon nanotubes without any external source of carbon or nitrogen.
ZIF-90-decorated silica nanoparticles with a spiky surface: a novel approach to drug delivery
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar , Cheng Dan , Qu Jingjing , Song Hao , Yu Chengzhong , Ganguli Ashok K. , Tang Jie
Published: February 2024

We synthesized ZIF-90 decorated silica nanoparticles (SNP) with a spiky surface, resulting in enhanced loading capacity for the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, pH-responsiveness, and improved cellular uptake compared to ZIF-90-Dox nanoparticles.
A novel heterojunction layer-assisted interfacial defect control strategy for high-performance solar cells
Authors: Liang Zihui , Cui Qiangqiang , Zhou Yijun , Zeng Cheng , Chen Fengxiang , Zhao Li , Yi Changhai
Published: February 2024

The energy level matching of perovskites was regarded as the prerequisite for achieving high photovoltaic performance.
In vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of 3-(aryl)-6-piperazin1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines-loaded ultrathin polymeric particles: effect of polymer type and particle size
Authors: González Karina , Medina Ender , Aguilera Elena , González Gema , Sabino Marcos A. , Romero Angel H.
Published: February 2024

Herein, TF1 and TF2 were successfully encapsulated into PLGA-, PLA- and PCL-microparticle/-nanoparticle systems. The results demonstrate how polymer chain nature and nanoparticle size affect the leishmanicidal activity of encapsulated triazolophthalazines.
Tuning the selectivity of the CO2 hydrogenation reaction using boron-doped cobalt-based catalysts
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Liu Kaihong , Zhao Jingjing , Li Xiuping , Yin Bolin , Jiang Bo , Li Hexing
Published: February 2024

The introduction of boron modulates the metal electronic state of Co, forming highly selective CO and stable CO2 hydrogenation catalyst.
Naphthoquinone derivatives as potential immunomodulators: prospective for COVID-19 treatment
Authors: Moraes Vitor Tassara , Caires Franco Jazon , da Silva-Neto Pedro V. , Mendonça Jacqueline Nakau , Fraga-Silva Thais F. C. , Fontanezi Bianca Bueno , Marcato Priscyla Daniely , Deperon Bonato Vania Luiza , Sorgi Carlos Arterio , Beraldo Moraes Luiz Alberto , Clososki Giuliano Cesar
Published: February 2024

The microbial naphthoquinone 3,5,8-TMON and its derivatives showed great anti-inflammatory activity, regulating cytokines and with promising activity mitigating COVID-19 inflammatory impacts.
Efficient orange and red thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials based on 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives
Authors: Chen Meiling , Chen Yuzhuo , Li Yan , Lin Yuhong , Wu Yunan
Published: February 2024

Two acylimine-based molecules were synthesized, showing excellent TADF. Used in OLEDs, they emitted orange and red light with maximum quantum efficiencies of 11.3% and 7.6%, respectively.
Julolidine-based fluorescent molecular rotor: a versatile tool for sensing and diagnosis
Authors: Chakraborty Nabashree , Silswal Akshay , Koner Apurba Lal
Published: February 2024

Fluorescent molecular rotors incorporating julolidine have found diverse applications in various research fields.
The effects of asymmetry in active noises on the efficiency of single colloidal Stirling engines with active noises
Authors: Kwon Taejin , Kwon Seulki , Sung Bong June
Published: February 2024

Asymmetry in active noises enhances the efficiency of single colloidal Stirling engines.
Disorder-to-order transition of long fibers contained in evaporating sessile drops
Authors: Sannyamath S. , Vetter R. , Bonart H. , Hartmann M. , Ganguly R. , Hardt S.
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate self-organization of hydrophilic fibers, contained in a sessile droplet in a disordered initial configurations, to transform into an order deposit. Findings suggest new avenues to decorate solid surfaces with filamental structures.
The power of pores: review on porous thermoelectric materials
Authors: Ijaz Umar , Siyar Muhammad , Park Chan
Published: February 2024

The review explores porous thermoelectric materials, emphasizing controlled porosity's impact on phonon scattering and thermal conductivity reduction. Multiple studies were discussed, highlighting prospects and limitations, alongside the latest trends.
Synthesis of cyclohepta[b]indoles via gold mediated energy transfer photocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Voloshkin Vladislav A. , Martynova Ekaterina A. , Maity Bholanath , Cavallo Luigi , Nolan Steven P.
Published: February 2024

Gold photocatalyst has been employed as sensitizer for the synthesis of cyclohepta[b]indoles. Substrate scope and limitations of the protocol are presented. Mechanistic studies indicate involvement of EnT-HAT mechanism.