bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konflik Psikologi Tokoh dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Memburu Muhammad Karya Feby Indirani dan Implikasinya terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Wulandari , Megawati Erna , Agustin Yulia
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan perwatakan yang menimbulkan konflik psikologis tokoh berdasarkan teori kepribadian Kurt Lewin berupa konfik mendekat-mendekat (approach-approach conflict), konflik mendekat-menjauh (approach-avoidance conflict), konflik mejauh-menjauh (approach-avoidance conflict), dan konflik mendekat-menjauh ganda (multiple approach-avoidance conflict) dalam cerpen Memburu Muhammad karya Feby Indirani dan implikasinya terhadap pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pendekatan kualitatif analisis deskriptif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analitik. Konflik psikologi tokoh dalam kumpulan cerpen Memburu Muhammad ditemukan 168 data konflik psikologis dengan rincian sebagai berikut: konflik mendekat-menjauh (approach-avoidance conflict) sebanyak 97 temuan (56%), konflik menjauh-menjauh (avoidance-avoidance conflict) sebanyak 41 temuan (24%), konflik mendekat-menjauh ganda (multiple approach-avoidance conflict) sebanyak 29 temuan (17%), dan konflik mendekat-mendekat (approach-approach conflict) sebanyak 5 temuan (3%). Hasil penelitian ini dapat diimplementasikan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia khususnya dalam pembelajaran karya sastra prosa.
Pengajaran Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA)
Authors: Amaliyah Siti
Published: January 2025

Penelitian yang dibuat ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pada penelitian ini berfokus pada metodologi dan pembuatan materi ajar dalam pengajaran Bahasa Indonesia yang berstandar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan standar pada para pengajar Bahasa Indonesia bagi penutur asing (BIPA) sesuai dengan Standar Kompetensi Pengajar BIPA (SKP BIPA) yang diterbitkan oleh SEAMEO QITEP in Language yaitu, pedagogis yang mana unsur kesesuaian metodologi dan materi ajar terdapat dalam kompetensi pedagogis. Di sisi lain terdapat hal penting yang perlu diperhatikan adalah Standar Kompetensi Lulusan BIPA (SKL BIPA), dengan berdasarkan teori Hartono (2016). Kesesuaian uraian materi dengan kompetensi dasar di tiap unit/topik, kelengkapan materi, kedalaman materi, keakuratan materi, dan kesesuaian materi dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, fitur, dan rujukan adalah bagian penting dari sebuah materi ajar BIPA. Berdasarkan berdasarkan penelitian yang diadakan di “Kampung Bahasa Bloombank” pada tanggal 22-24 Juli 2024, maka terjadi perubahan yang sangat signifikan sebelum peserta mengikuti pelatihan dan setelah mengikuti pelatihan. Sehingga pelatihan yang diadakan di “Kampung Bahasa Bloombank” sangat membantu pengajar BIPA yang berstandar.
Aspek Religius dalam Kumpulan Puisi Karya Jalaludinrumi dengan Pendekatan Pragmatik dan Implikasinya terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Badrussalam Fikri , Purwosusanto Hery , Sumarti Sumarti
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis aspek religius dalam kumpulan puisi karya Jalaludin Rumi melalui pendekatan pragmatik, serta mengevaluasi  implikasinya terhadap pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan pragmatik dalam jenis penelitian kualitatif.  Data dikumpulkan melalui analisis teks terhadap kumpulan puisi Rumi yang dipilih berdasarkan relevansi religiusitasnya. Adapun lagkah-langkahnya Adapun langkah-langkah yakni: 1) Penulis membaca dan memahami terlebih dahulu kumpulan puisi karya Jalaludin Rumi sebelum melakukan analisis, karena kumpulan puisi tersebut adalah bahan utama dalam kajian ini. 2) Mengidentifikasi aspek religius yang terkandung dalam kumpulan pusi tersebut serta implikasi apa saja yang terdapat di dalam puisi terhadap pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. 3) Penulis mengelompokkan data-data temuan ke dalam jenis-jenis aspek religius seperti akidah, syariat, ihsan dll. 4) Analisis, data yang telah diklasifikasikan, selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik. 5) Menyimpulkan, tahap terakhir adalah penarikan kesimpulan dengan diadakan pemeriksaan terhadap hasil analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek religius dalam puisi Rumi dapat dikategorikan ke dalam beberapa aspek, yaitu: aspek akidah ketuhanan sebanyak 14 data, aspek syariat atau ibadah sebanyak 27 data, aspek ihsan atau pengalaman sebanyak 45 data, aspek ilmu pengetahuan agama sebanyak 8 data, dan aspek praktik atau pengamalan agama sebanyak 6 data. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa puisi-puisi Rumi sarat dengan nilai-nilai religius yang dapat memberikan kontribusi positif dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, khususnya dalam  mengembangkan kompetensi spiritual dan karakter siswa. Implikasi penelitian ini terhadap pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia meliputi penggunaan puisi Rumi sebagai bahan ajar yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap aspek kebahasaan dan religius secara bersamaan.
Pelestarian Naskah Bhīma Swarga dalam Tradisi Siwaisme: Perspektif Filologis dan Budaya
Authors: Wijayanto Muhammad Heno , Suparta I Made
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran naskah Bhīma Swarga dalam tradisi Jawa Kuno-Jawa Pertengahan sebagai bagian dari warisan budaya Siwaisme, serta mengkaji pelestariannya dalam konteks modern. Objek kajian meliputi sembilan naskah yang ditulis antara abad ke-15 hingga 17 Masehi, terdiri dari lima naskah versi Jawa Barat dengan aksara Jawa Barat Kuno Kuadrat, Sunda Kuno, Buda, dan Bali, serta empat naskah dari wilayah Merapi-Merbabu yang menggunakan aksara Buda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis filologis, dengan pendekatan historis-kultural untuk memahami kontinuitas narasi Bhīma Swarga dalam tradisi pertunjukan wayang, yang tetap lestari di Sunda, Merapi-Merbabu, dan Bali sebagai bagian dari ritual pascakematian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teks Bhīma Swarga memiliki peran penting dalam mempertahankan nilai-nilai spiritual dan kebudayaan Siwaisme, yang diaktualisasikan melalui upacara pembersihan jiwa orang yang meninggal. Kajian ini menekankan bahwa pelestarian naskah-naskah kuno tersebut tidak hanya penting untuk menjaga identitas budaya, tetapi juga untuk mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan dengan mempertahankan sistem pengetahuan lokal. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memahami kompleksitas warisan budaya dalam konteks tantangan global saat ini.
Nilai Sosial dan Budaya Cerita si Pitung untuk Bahan Pengayaan Bacaan BIPA Level Lanjut
Authors: Qoriatunnisa Qoriatunnisa , Yulianeta Yulianeta , Widia Ida
Published: January 2025

. Dalam pembelajaran BIPA dibutuhkan bahan pengayaan yang mengstimulus pemelajar dalam proses pembelajaran BIPA. Cerita rakyat merupakan salah satu media yang dapat dijadikan bahan ajar, cerita yang digunakan berasal dari novel si pitung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat suatu bahan pengayaan membaca bagi BIPA aras lanjut. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut maka dilakukanlan analisis pustaka. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode kualitatif dengan teknik deskripsi, metode ini berfokus pada pendekatan mempertimbangkan kualitas data, menggunakan berbagai pendekatan, serta menyajikannya dalam bentuk naratif. Cerita yang disampaikan akan memiliki unsur sosial dan budaya yang tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini berupa modifikasi certa rakyat berbentuk tulisan yang memiliki kebaruan yaitu pada bentuk visual cerita yang lebih menarik.
Analisis Penggunaan Majas Hiperbola dalam Tajuk Rencana Surat Kabar Kompas
Authors: Mesra Mesra , Purba Roma Purnama Bungaria , Eliastuti Maguna , Putri Jihanda Dwi , Zahra Ranissa Alya , Boli Juniati Nogo , Fati'ah Syahrin Nur , Ba'diah Riyadotul , Daryadi Radieka Julyanisa , Pratama Tio Galuh , Hamadi Muhammad Ivan
Published: January 2025

Hiperbola adalah majas yang memuat pernyataan-pernyataan berlebihan yang dimaksudkan untuk meninggalkan kesan mendalam atau dramatis pada pembacanya. Hiperbola sering digunakan dalam karya sastra, namun juga dapat ditemukan dalam teks nonfiksi seperti opini dan editorial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan hiperbola dalam editorial surat kabar Kompas dan secara khusus untuk mengetahui tujuan dan dampak penggunaan hiperbola dalam konteks jurnalisme. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis isi. Data penelitian berupa teks yang memuat representasi hiperbolik editorial Kompas yang terbit pada kurun waktu tertentu. Data dikumpulkan melalui penelitian dokumen dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan interpretatif untuk mengungkap makna dan fungsi penggunaan hiperbola dalam setiap konteks. Menurut penelitian ini, hiperbola digunakan dalam editorial Kompas untuk berbagai tujuan, antara lain: (1) Untuk menekankan pentingnya suatu topik dan menarik perhatian pembaca. (2) Kritik yang tajam dan kuat terhadap kebijakan pemerintah. (3) mengungkapkan keprihatinan atau kemarahan terhadap isu- isu sosial; (4) Membangun citra positif gagasan dan institusi. (5) Menciptakan efek-efek humor atau sindiran untuk menghibur dan mempengaruhi pembaca. Kajian ini memberikan pemahaman lebih dalam mengenai penggunaan hiperbola dalam jurnalisme dan kontribusinya dalam membentuk opini publik.
Penerapan Project Based Learning pada Pengembangan Vlog sebagai Integrasi Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Wardani Ignasia Tria , Setyaningrum Rooselina Ayu , Ekmawati Renita Tri
Published: January 2025

Kurikulum Merdeka memberikan fleksibilitas bagi guru untuk menerapkan pembelajaran yang lebih mendalam sesuai kebutuhan siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji implementasi model Project Based Learning (PBL) dalam pembuatan vlog sebagai media pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan fokus pada keterampilan menulis dan menyajikan teks deskriptif. Studi ini dilaksanakan di kelas IX.A SMP Kanisius Gayam Yogyakarta melalui program Pengenalan Lapangan Persekolahan Pengelolaan Pembelajaran (PLP-PP). Pembelajaran menggabungkan cooperative learning dan scientific-based learning, menekankan nilai-nilai Pancasila, seperti gotong royong dan kreativitas. Metode yang digunakan meliputi observasi kelompok dan PBL untuk mengembangkan literasi digital dan pemanfaatan teknologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PBL melalui vlog dapat meningkatkan kreativitas, kolaborasi, dan keterampilan menulis serta presentasi lisan siswa, sehingga relevan sebagai inovasi pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di era digital.
Benchmarking the Trends of Urbanization in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Outlook to 2050
Authors: Marzouk Osama Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Historical data since 1950 and prospects for 2050 are presented here to show the trends of urbanization locally in the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries as compared to the regional (Western Asia), and global counterparts. The trends are also examined for countries grouped based on their level of development (more developed, less developed, and least developed) and their level of income (high, upper-middle, lower-middle, and low). Countries with higher development level or income have more urbanization percentage than those with lower development level or income. Whereas Oman has consistently the lowest urbanization percentage among the GCC countries, it has the fastest urbanization rate during 1950-1995. The gap among all GCC countries is expected to decay, where all will have an urbanization percentage of 87% or more in 2050. The data presented here are predominantly based on processing row data published by the United Nations (UN) through its Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA).
Data Sharing: a Primer from UKRN
Authors: Towse John Nicholas , Rumsey Sally , Owen Nicholas , Langford Patrick , Jaquiery Matt , Bolibaugh Cylcia
Published: January 2025

Make research data available to ensure transparency and a reliable scientific record. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY).
Documentary films can increase nationwide interest in plant-based food
Authors: thomas anna , Hope Jessica Elizabeth , Mathur Maya B
Published: January 2025

We investigated national-level impacts of media advocating plant-based diets. Search volume for popular films explains the majority of variance in searches for plant-based food, but is not associated with consumption. For three health-focused documentaries, we estimated that a standard deviation increase in searches for each film increases searches for plant-based food by up to 43\% in the following week. Our findings can inform approaches for raising awareness of sustainable diets.
Stratigraphic influence on emplacement and 3-dimensional structure of a large mafic sill in sedimentary strata
Authors: Galland Olivier , Sartell Anna , Horota Rafael , Kjøll Hans Jørgen , Runge Jonathan , Midtkandal Ivar , Senger Kim
Published: January 2025

Sills are fundamental elements of volcanic plumbing systems emplaced, among other, in sedimentary basins. Even though sills are commonly considered simple, straight concordant igneous sheets, they are actually complex 3-dimensional objects. The detailed knowledge of the 3D structure of sills and their host rock is of primary relevance to better constraining the emplacement mechanisms and the impacts of sills on sedimentary basins. This study describes the results of 3-dimensional geological mapping of a large, well-exposed Early Cretaceous dolerite sill in Central Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Arctic Norway, using a combination of digital outcrop modelling and field mapping. The sill was emplaced within Upper Palaeozoic sedimentary formations of Svalbard. It is made of distinct segments emplaced at different stratigraphic levels of the host rock stratigraphy. The mapping shows a clear stratigraphic control on the intrusion morphology. The sill segments emplaced at the boundary between two formations, which marks a strong lithological boundary, are straight and very concordant. Conversely, the segments emplaced within a more homogeneous formation exhibit more complex, locally discordant shapes. The sill segments emplaced at distinct stratigraphic levels are connected by vertical steps, which formed through vertical faulting between the tips of the sill segments. The preferred NW-SE orientation of the steps and the thinning of the sill towards the SE suggests a propagation direction of the magma towards the SE. Our study shows how 3-dimensional knowledge of igneous intrusions is key for revealing their emplacement mechanisms.
cohesive zone model approach to interlaminar behaviour of carbon/epoxy laminated curved beams
Authors: Ranz David , Cuartero Jesús , Castejon Luis , Miralbes Ramon , Malon Hugo
Published: January 2025

This study analytically investigates the behaviour of carbon/epoxy laminated curved beams subjected to interlaminar tensile stress by means of a four-point-bending test, carried out in compliance with ASTM D6415 Standard. A Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) has been used to analyse the interlaminar tensile strength (ILTS) and the post-failure behaviour for lay-ups in several thicknesses, as well as the location of first and subsequent predicted delamination. In this study, the model behaviour is described by a bilinear constitutive model. Initially, a law of traction-separation governs the elastic behaviour, until satisfying a quadratic criterion that establishes the failure and degradation starting at the interface. Finally, a law describes the evolution of the damage and the interaction in mixed-mode conditions, which leads to the final failure of the interface and delamination onset. Two-dimensional finite element models (FEM) have been created to apply the CZM and analyse the influence of several cohesive model parameters, such as, cohesive element stiffness, cohesive element size and critical energy release rate. Predicted load-displacement curves have been compared with the experimental results obtained and strong correlation has been observed. The ILTS values predicted by the two-dimensional models show deviations no greater than 5.6% in comparison with the experimental results. These models and the influence of their parameters play an important role in the prediction of the interlaminar tensile strength and the post-failure behaviour of laminated curved beams.
Influences on stigmatization of adults and adolescents with a cannabis use disorder – A representative survey study
Authors: Basedow Lukas A. , Wandinger Elisa , Froehlich Antonia , Kölch Michael , Reis Olaf
Published: January 2025

Aims: Stigma experienced by individuals with a cannabis use disorder (CUD) has been identified as a significant impediment to their engagement with treatment programs. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of sociodemographic factors, and familiarity with cannabis on stigma production.Design: A representative web survey including two case vignettes of people with a cannabis use disorder, applying a 2x2x2 (age of vignette x age of participant x familiarity with cannabis/CUD) within-subject design.Setting: A web-based survey in Germany conducted by a professional survey institute. Participants: A total sample of n = 1603 (50.1% female) participants was recruited, with n = 501 being adolescent participants. Subjective social standing of the whole sample was slightly above average (Mean social rank (SD) = 5.74 (1.8)).Measurements: Sociodemographic information, questions about participants’ cannabis use experience, a measure of stigmatizing attitudes, and a short version of the attribution questionnaire. Findings: The adolescent case with a CUD was more stigmatized compared to an adult case F(1, 3196) = 12.77; p < .001. Individuals who were more familiar to cannabis use (F(1,3196) = 19.65; p < .001) and/or CUD (F(1,3196) = 6.00; p = .014) reported fewer stigmatizing attributions. This effect of familiarity was more pronounced for adolescents compared to adults.Conclusions: Adults with a CUD seems to receive less stigma compared to adolescents with a CUD, while stigmatizing attributions are produced less often when people have more contact with cannabis use and CUD. Future studies should aim to systematically test the influence of different characteristics of stigmatizing persons on stigma production in order to put up tailored interventions.
How funny is ChatGPT? A comparison of human- and A.I.-produced jokes
Authors: Gorenz Drew , Schwarz Norbert
Published: January 2025

Can a large language model produce humor? Past research has focused on finding examples of these models succeeding or failing at producing humor in the eyes of the authors, without surveying peoples’ actual judgments of its output. These examples, while interesting, do not shed light on exactly how funny ChatGPT is to the general public, nor do they analyze ChatGPT’s humor production abilities in comparison to humans’ abilities. To explore this question, we gave the same comedic prompts to ChatGPT 3.5 and laypeople, and asked them to generate humorous responses (Study 1). We also asked ChatGPT 3.5 to generate humorous satirical headlines and compared them to published examples from professional comedy writers at The Onion (Study 2). Other participants rated the funniness of the human and A.I.-produced responses in each study. ChatGPT 3.5-produced jokes were rated as equally funny or funnier than human-generated responses regardless of the comedic task and the expertise of the human comedy writer.
Visible flaws - A comprehensive quality assessment of Visible Learning
Authors: Kalmendal André , Dietrichson Jens , Håkansson Jan , Edyburn Dave , Nordström Thomas , Carlsson Rickard
Published: January 2025

John Hattie’s Visible Learning aggregates over 2,400 meta-analyses into ranked effect sizes, claiming to reveal the most impactful educational practices. Despite its global influence on education, critics highlight methodological and statistical weaknesses. This study comprehensively assessed Visible Learning’s 322 influences for quality, relevance, and reproducibility. Findings reveal that only 19% meet the inclusion criteria regarding participants, intervention, comparison, and outcome alignment (PICO). Furthermore, in the attempts to reproduce the extractions, only 2 out of 301 influences were successful. The assessment revealed that Visible Learning contained methodological errors that compromised both the causal interpretations and the validity of the reported effect sizes. An expert panel found that while 23% influences are highly relevant, many hold little relevance to K-12 education. These findings underscore significant methodological and statistical shortcomings, raising questions about the validity of Visible Learning as a basis for educational policy and practice.
Fast and efficient: Statistical learning predicts online reading times in a second language
Authors: Onnis Luca , Yun Hongoak
Published: January 2025

Two long-standing and interrelated questions have been central to language and cognition. The first question is whether shared or separate mechanisms subserve language learning versus language processing. The second question is whether shared or separate mechanisms underlie processing in a first versus second language. Using an individual differences paradigm, we sought evidence for common mechanisms by probing implicit statistical learning (SL) skills and online reading in a second language. We found that individuals with better statistical learning skills more efficiently incorporate word-level statistical regularities while reading in their second language, making them more efficient L2 readers. In addition, sensitivity to forward and backward lexical predictability reduced reading times. Thus, sensitivity to statistical sequential structure may be a common mechanism of implicit learning as well as processing of language.
Parental risk literacy is related to quality of life in Spanish families of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Garrido Dunia
Published: January 2025

Families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often experience much more negative perceptions of their family quality of life (FQoL). To investigate key factors that may shape these experiences, we conducted a case-control study of sixty-one Spanish families (29 with a child with ASD) using a broad psychosocial assessment (e.g., ASD severity, social support, demographics), including the first direct test of the relationship between FQoL and parental risk literacy (i.e., the ability to evaluate and understand risk, as measured by numeracy). Results revealed that numeracy predicted differences in perceived FQoL among families of children with ASD (R2= .10), a finding that held across a wide rangemodels statistically controlling for the influence of all assessed variables. Findings suggest that parental risk literacy skills may generally be associated with differences in decision making vulnerabilities (e.g., risk evaluation and interpretation) that influence many family outcomes including FQoL.
Mentoring Trainees with Lived Experience of Psychopathology: A Strengths-based, Cultural Humility Framework for Psychological Scientists
Authors: Devendorf Andrew , Cristello Julie , Boness Cassandra L. , Tung Irene
Published: January 2025

Mental health difficulties are prevalent among psychologists, yet trainees are often discouraged from disclosing their lived experience with psychopathology due to persistent stigma. For much of history, lived experience with psychopathology has been treated as a deficit within the profession. However, emerging research and perspectives are beginning to challenge this status quo by highlighting that lived experience can be an asset in psychological science and practice. Despite this shift, there remains little guidance on how to navigate this topic in mentor-mentee relationships. In this commentary, we outline a strengths-based, cultural humility framework for mentorship of psychologists with lived experience that incorporates principles of feminist mentoring. The framework emphasizes empowerment, mutual respect, and equity (feminist principles), as well as commitments to openness to experience, self-awareness, lifelong learning, perspective-taking, and valuing expertise via experience (cultural humility principles). Moving beyond a deficits-view of psychopathology, we provide practical guidance across common professional scenarios: recruiting applicants, evaluating personal statements, and navigating situations when a mentee is distressed, requesting accommodations, or interested in leveraging their lived experiences in their work. By offering this framework and corresponding professional scenarios, we aim to facilitate dialogue on mentoring trainees with lived experience of psychopathology.
Police professionalism, critical thinking and public order training
Authors: Hill Steve
Published: January 2025

The professionalisation of policing in the UK has evolved significantly, especially since 2012, with structural changes like the establishment of the College of Policing and the introduction of Police and Crime Commissioners. This paper explores the role of critical thinking in UK police public order training and its potential to enhance police professionalism. It examines professionalism through sociological frameworks, aligning the National Decision Model (NDM) used in police training with academic models such as Burch’s Learning Stages of Competence and Leicester’s Four Habits of Thought. The paper argues that embedding critical thinking within public order training enhances ethical decision making, problem solving, and adaptability, thereby reinforcing professional standards. It also considers the impact of recent changes in police entry routes, including a non degree pathway, on the ongoing professionalisation of the police service. Ultimately, the integration of critical thinking into training is deemed essential for advancing UK policing's professionalisation.
The Development of Risk Attitudes and their Cultural Transmission
Authors: Pérez Velilla Alejandro , Beheim Bret , Smaldino Paul E.
Published: January 2025

We use cultural evolutionary models to examine how individual experiences and culturally-inherited information jointly shape risk attitudes under environmental uncertainty. We find that learning processes not only generate plausible variation in risk attitudes, but also that conservative learning strategies---emphasizing the preservation of generational knowledge---excel in high-risk environments, promoting stable wealth accumulation and long-term survival but limiting asset growth as conditions improve. In contrast, exploratory learning strategies---leveraging risk-free juvenile exploration and peer influence---foster risk-tolerant attitudes that thrive in affluent, low-risk settings where wealth buffers and social safety nets reduce the costs of miscalculations. Introducing economic stratification to the model reveals how wealth disparities and inter-class interactions reinforce these patterns, exacerbating differences in learning strategies and risk-taking behaviors, and perpetuating socioeconomic inequalities through the cultural inertia of excessive risk aversion. By uniting developmental, social, and evolutionary perspectives, our framework provides a novel lens on the cultural evolution of risk attitudes and their broader societal implications.
Occupations in Space: Using Individual Mobility Patterns to Reveal the Latent Dimensions of the Occupational Structure
Authors: Westerman Johan , Magnusson Charlotta
Published: January 2025

Traditional perspectives on occupational structure often emphasize hierarchical and socio-economic dimensions, typically reducing it to a one-dimensional framework. As noted in much previous research, this simplification may overlook the complexity of critical social issues. We argue that occupational structure is inherently continuous and multidimensional. Building on previous research, we anticipate that it is governed by at least two primary dimensions closely linked to socio-economic status and gender. Our study analyzes 10,219,276 connections among 95 occupations recorded in the Swedish occupational registry from 2001 to 2013. Using multidimensional scaling (MDS), we explore the patterns of individual mobility to better capture the core features of occupational structure. Our findings challenge the adequacy of simplified models and suggest a more efficient alternative to detailed contemporary approaches like the micro class model and the multiple scales derived from occupational dictionaries.The analysis reveals a three-dimensional model of occupational structure, distinguishing three status orders and providing deeper insights into the varied contributions of different occupations. We find that one dimension strongly correlates with socio-economic status, while the connection to gender division is weaker.
Political Trust in Italy: How Environmental, Social, and Governance Factors Shape Confidence in Parties
Authors: Arnone Massimo , Drago Carlo , Costantiello Alberto , Leogrande Angelo
Published: January 2025

The current study addresses political party trust and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principle application in Italian regions. Trust in political parties is a principal driving force in governance performance, compliance with policies, and citizen trust in institution-made choices. With political and economic diversity in its regions, Italian regions present a case study for testing whether political institution trust increased creates increased ESG use and whether ESG policies have an impact in shaping political trust in reciprocity. Empirical evidence confirms that in high political trust regions, ESG programs have a high opportunity for effective implementation, particularly in social welfare and conservation of environment. In contrast, political institution trust weakness is accompanied with poor ESG pledges, an expression of inefficient governance and reduced accountability in companies. ESG policies actually have an impact on political trust—effective and transparent ESG actions establish institution trust, but shallow and political ESG actions produce mistrust. The observations have a function of projecting the contribution towards balancing institution trust with sustainability through governance quality. Policymakers can contribute towards leveraging political stability in driving ESG integration in a manner that keeps such programs effective and credible for long-term development in regions and for democratic legitimacy.
Urbanization of the PRC: From Megacities to Supercities
Authors: Petushkova V. V.
Published: January 2025

In the middle of the last century, the French geopolitician Jean Gottman developed the concept of a me- galopolis (supercity) in relation to a large agglomeration of the northeastern coast of the United States. In the last decade, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has also seen the growth of large urban agglo- meration associations chengshiqun (城市 群), the article is devoted to the largest of them: Yangzi River Delta (YRD), Greater Bay Area (GBA) and JingJingJi. The essence of the Chinese agglomeration urban formations, which are considered in this study, is close to the concept of megalo- polis, however, the formation of Chinese mega-clusters with a population of 80 to 200 million or more people is taking place with the active and direct role of the state. They far exceed the boundaries of the megalopolis described by J. Gottman in terms of population size and degree of integration, thus marking a fundamentally new stage of urbanization. Since the PRC launched its reform and Open Door Policy in 1978, industrialization and urbanization have been at the forefront of China’s rapid economic development. There has been unprecedented internal migration, with more than half a billion people moving from rural to urban areas, resulting in the largest agglomerations in history. The creation of nineteen urban mega-clusters is included in the Fourteenth (2021-2025) Five-Year Development Plan of the PRC as a priority for urbanization and deve- lopment in general. The participation of the state in the historical process of the formation of supra-agglomeration associations of chengshiqun in the PRC leads to the accelerated creation of megalopolises throughout the country. This practice has no analogues in the world, and in the process of “new urbanization” the world leadership will undoubtedly belong to the PRC.
Exploring the Intricate Future of Bangladesh in the Context of Regional Geopolitical Dynamics
Authors: Abul Hasan M.
Published: January 2025

Bangladesh serves as a vital nexus between South and Southeast Asia, holding considerable strategic importance for all major regional and global players. This article aims to analyze Bangladesh’s future within the context of complex regional dynamics and its foreign policy responses. The author investigates how the rising geopolitical competition and rivalries among major powers, along with their significant impacts on Bangladesh, generate notable challenges for the nation. To understand Dhaka’s strategies towards these po- wers, the study has involved a detailed review of recent scholarly literature, fieldwork, and in-depth interviews. The analysis posits that Bangladesh adopts a moderate foreign policy to sustain hedging relations with all key regional and extra-regional powers. Nevertheless, Dhaka’s capacity to implement its foreign policies effectively is hampered by its inability to establish leverage over dominant powers. The article concludes that the influences of key powers in Bangladesh’s political landscape could lead the country to align with a specific power bloc or maintain neutrality in the near future, contingent upon the evolving regional and global political dynamics. Thus, the study suggests that by devising its short and long-term plans and strategies, Bangladesh can create leverage and remain on the right track without falling into the trap of geopolitics.
Africa in the Face of Global Transformation
Authors: Mikhel D. V.
Published: January 2025

In the twenty-first century Africa is destined to become one of the most prominent centers of human development. This is preconditioned by its demographic potential, vast natural resources and two decades of rapid economic growth. The main obstacles to Africa’s future remain the enduring legacy of neo-colonialism, the continued vulnerability of its political systems and the ambitions of powerful Western countries that continue to view Africa as their fiefdom. As the current unipolar world order breaks down, Africa has every chance of becoming another significant pole of the world to come. Russia should be an important ally of African countries, with which they have traditionally friendly relations since the Soviet period and in which the Africans themselves see the leader of the non-Western world in the struggle against the protracted Western hegemony. A holistic, scientifically grounded view of these processes is presented in the book by Irina Abramova and Leonid Fituni “Contemporary Issues in African Studies and Socio-Economic Development” (2022), which is the subject of this review. The book includes 25 articles and reports made by the authors between 2012 and 2022. They analyze three groups of issues: the theory of the world economy and global development from the perspective of developing countries, the problems of the African continent, Russia’s national interests in Africa, and contemporary Russian-African relations. The reader will easily find that the scientific arguments made by the authors are presented not from the point of view of a detached scientific mind, but from the position of the state approach. The idea that Russian African studies should serve the interests of Russia runs through the entire book, that is why each of the texts presented in the book, along with relevant scientific information, contains recommendations that allow representatives of political, business and intellectual circles to engage in the African agenda.
Slope Stability Analysis of Landslide in the Nepalese Himalaya: A Case Study of Kuiyadaha Landslide, Gokuleshor, Baitadi
Authors: Baral Sanjay , Tiwari Ram Chandra
Published: January 2025

Landslides are a common geologic feature in the Nepalese topography. Primary concern of this paper was the numerical modelling along with the case study. This paper describes an investigation into the slope stability of the Kuiyadaha Landslide. The objective of the research is to find out the factor of safety by performing numerical modelling in fully saturation and fully dry condition without vegetation and earthquake loading of creeping landslide of Baitadi District. A back analysis technique was employed to estimate soil strength parameters, where the friction angle (f) was varied, assuming zero cohesion, to achieve a Strength Reduction Factor (SRF) of unity. The derived soil parameters were then utilized to compute the factor of safety (FOS) and recommend stabilization measures, including reducing the groundwater table (GWT) and applying toe loading. Slope stability study was performed using a variety of computational tools, including Cubit, Cygwin, ParaView, Easymesh, AutoCAD, SW DTM, and Tecplot. The SPECFEM3D_GEOTECH software, which uses the Spectral Element Method (SEM), played a crucial role in the analysis. This study discovered that the Kuiyadaha Landslide is extremely prone to slope failure during the rainy season. The stability analysis facilitated the design of effective mitigation measures, highlighting the importance of reduced GWT and toe loading for slope stabilization. Validation of the findings was performed using the Phase2 commercial software. A strong correlation of 0.965 between the results from Phase2 and SPECFEM3D_GEOTECH confirms the reliability of the analysis. This research demonstrates the utility of back analysis and advanced numerical modeling in evaluating and mitigating landslide risks.
Revitalizing Nepal's Carpet Industry: Strategic Location Planning and Supply Chain Optimization in Special Economic Zones
Authors: Khanal Rishav , Labh Shacheendra Kishor , Sanjog J.
Published: January 2025

The lack of proper planning, policies, omitting the domestic market and increased product value has caused drastic downfall of carpet industry in Nepal. Once being the major exported material from the nation, now is surviving solely because of USA, causing a drastic downfall over last decade in terms of quantity demanded. Demand forecasting establishes the declining trend. The major reason for the downfall is noted to be high cost which omits the chances of revival and survival in domestic market. To decrease the cost, the supply of raw materials must be considered through roadways from India and China, replacing expensive airways from  New-Zealand. To strengthen the findings, forecasting methods, including Moving Average, Weighted Moving Average, and Exponential Smoothing, were utilized to predict demand trends and assess their implications for strategic planning. The least value of RMSE was obtained for Exponential Smoothing, establishing its accuracy and reliability. The drastic increase in the population of Kathmandu has caused many industries to migrate, leading the Government to plan Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in various locations across Nepal. To meet demand, facilities have been strategically located, focusing on utilizing government-provided resources in SEZ to support the industrial expansion. Additionally, the Center of Gravity (CoG) method was employed using latitude and longitude coordinates in MATLAB, validated through conventional methods, to identify optimal facility locations. Sample calculations demonstrated the applicability of the CoG technique, with Simara and Bhairahawa emerging as favorable SEZs based on varying scenarios. Location planning techniques like Center of  Gravity (CoG) and cost modeling helped to identify the most optimal location for the expanding industries based upon the demand of the product across the nation, crucial for the anticipated growth of domestic carpet industries in the years to come.
Seismic Performance of an Elevated Water Tank by Employing Fluid Viscous Dampers Considering Hydrodynamic Effect
Authors: Bhattarai Shraddha , Suwal Rajan
Published: January 2025

For water supply and storage systems, elevated water tanks are essential infrastructure. They can be the only source of water in times of emergency, so it is imperative that they keep functioning. With a huge mass at the top of slender columns, they act like an inverted pendulum. The design of the elevated water tank is compromised because, in most cases, designers only take consideration of the hydrostatic effect of water, ignoring the hydrodynamic effect. Thus, the hydrodynamic effect of water has been considered in this study. This study examines three different stagings for a rectangular tank with a 4 m water tank height and a 3 m staging height: 6, 9, and 12 for empty and full tank situations. The fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) in the tank are also considered in this study. FVD is a device that absorbs seismic vibrations. They can be utilized for both the retrofit as well as the new design. ETABs 2020 have been used in the analysis to ensure the tank's seismic performance. The study shows that base shear, modal mass participation, story displacement, inter-story drift, and damping all improved when FVDs were installed.
Impact of Cost Control Mechanism on Financial Performance
Authors: Joshi Bhuwan Raj
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to establish the effect of cost control mechanisms on the financial performance of organizations, with a specific focus on the Agriculture Development Bank Limited (ADBL) of Nepal. Cost control, a critical aspect of financial management, is essential for maintaining operational efficiency and maximizing profitability. The research examines key cost control practices, including budgeting, and Delegation of authority to determine their influence on financial outcomes. Using a descriptive and correlational research design, data were collected through a structured survey questionnaire and financial reports of Agriculture Development Bank Limited. 54 questionnaires were emailed to the assistant, officers, and manager-level employees of 8 branches of the Kailali district. 48 valid responses were collected and analyzed through SPSS. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between effective cost-control mechanisms and financial performance metrics such as return on assets and return on equity. The study underscores the importance of implementing robust cost control practices to enhance the financial stability and competitive advantage of ADBL. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, financial managers, and stakeholders in optimizing cost management strategies to drive sustainable growth in the bank.
Transforming Rural Economies: The Socioeconomic Impact of Microfinance in Kailali District, Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Dharma Dev
Published: January 2025

Microfinance has been widely promoted as a strategy for poverty alleviation in developing countries. This mixed-methods study evaluates the socioeconomic impact of microfinance services on the rural poor in Kailali district, Nepal. We surveyed 150 microfinance beneficiaries from three major microfinance institutions and conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The findings indicate that access to microfinance leads to positive socioeconomic outcomes, including increased income, asset accumulation, improved food security, and better education for children. However, the impact varies across different types of loans, geographic regions, and occupations. The study also reveals challenges such as over-indebtedness and repayment stress among some participants. These findings have important implications for microfinance policy and practice in Nepal and similar contexts.
Exploring the Relationship Between Tourism Development and Employment Generation in Nepal
Authors: Kadayat Giri Raj
Published: January 2025

This study explores the relationship between tourism development and employment generation in Nepal using time-series data from 2000 to 2019. Key tourism indicators such as international tourist arrivals, tourism receipts, and tourism investments were analyzed using regression models and Granger causality tests. The results reveal a strong positive impact of tourist arrivals and receipts on employment, while tourism investments showed limited significance. The findings emphasize tourism's role in job creation and its spillover effects on the broader economy. Policy recommendations include infrastructure development, skill training, sustainable tourism practices, and targeted investments to maximize tourism’s potential for inclusive growth.
Acetone as a Modulator of Surfactant Behavior in Mixed Solvents: Surface Tension, Viscosity, and Micellization
Authors: Shah Sujit Kumar , Bhattarai Geeta , Bhattarai Ajaya
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the influence of acetone on the physicochemical characteristics of surfactants, focusing on surface tension, viscosity, and micellization behavior in acetone-water mixtures. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) increases with acetone content, reflecting weaker hydrophobic interactions due to the reduced dielectric constant of the mixed solvent. Surface tension measurements reveal decreased surfactant efficiency in acetone-rich environments, while viscosity data indicate enhanced solute-solvent interactions, as evidenced by rising  values. These changes are attributed to acetone’s disruption of water’s hydrogen-bond network, altering interfacial dynamics and micelle formation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ferric Oxide-Graphite-Activated Carbon Composites
Authors: Adhikari Mandira Pradhananga , Humagain Nabin , Budhathoki Biplab
Published: January 2025

Activated carbon-based composite electrodes have been widely utilized to enhance the specific capacitance of electrodes. In this study, the effect of the amount of activated carbon on Fe₂O₃-graphite (FGs) was investigated. Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles incorporated with graphite were synthesized using a co-precipitation method. The composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The FTIR spectra revealed sharp peaks, indicating the successful incorporation of graphite into all four Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle samples in their pure state after calcination. XRD analysis showed that the Fe₂O₃/graphite nano-powders had uniform particle sizes when calcined at 400 °C, with an average crystallite size of approximately 30 nm. The Fe₂O₃-graphite-activated carbon composite prepared with varying amounts of activated carbons (FG-0.25, FG-0.33, FG-0.5, and FG-1.0), was analyzed for its electrochemical performance via cyclic voltammetry (CV). The FG-1.0 composite, with a higher activated carbon content, exhibited a remarkably high capacitance of 1372 F g⁻¹. This significant improvement could be attributed to the dual role of activated carbon as a highly conductive support material and as a provider of an enlarged surface area, which enhances charge transfer efficiency. These findings suggest the potential of Fe₂O₃-graphite-activated carbon composites for large-scale power generation applications.