bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI PEMODELAN PERKUATAN TANAH PASIR TERHADAP LIKUEFAKSI DENGAN GEOTEKSTIL DAN KERIKIL UNTUK PONDASI DANGKAL
Authors: Hendra Setiawan  , Martini
Published: March 2024

Pada 28 September 2018 pukul 17.02 WIB gempa mengguncang kota Palu, Sigi dan Donggala. Dengan

kekuatan 7,4 SR Magnitude dengan kedalaman 10 km, gempa tersebut mengakibatkan terjadinya

tsunami, tanah bergerak dan likuefaksi. Likuefaksi terjadi di wilayah tertentu dengan luasan yang

berbeda-beda, wilayah dengan dampak terbesar akibat likuefaksi terjadi di kelurahan Petobo, Balaroa,

Sibalaya dan desa Jono Oge. Fenomena likuefaksi pada suatu daerah bisa dianalisis potensinya serta

dapat dilakukan mitigasi untuk meminimalisir dampak dari likuefaksi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan

untuk mengetahui karakteristik sifat fisik tanah pada sampel pasir Desa Jono Oge Kec. Sigi Biromaru,

dan pengaruh penggunaan geotekstil dan kerikil sebagai bahan perkuatan terhadap besarnya penurunan

dan daya dukung tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat variasi pemodelan likuefaksi skala

laboratorium sebanyak tujuh model variasi dengan pemodelan gempa menggunakan meja getar dengan

percepatan gempa ≥ 0,5 g selama 30 detik, dan kerapatan relatif tanah (Dr) 40 %. Klasifikasi tanah dari

Jono Oge menurut USCS termasuk SC yaitu pasir berlempung, campuran pasir – lempung dan termasuk

kriteria potensi likuefaksi sedang. Hasil pemodelan likuefaksi, penggunaan perkuatan geotekstil dan

kerikil dapat mengurangi penurunan pada tanah pasir. Pemodelan yang efektif adalah pemodelan

dengan tebal timbunan yang tipis jika kerapatan relatif (Dr) pasir terlikuefaksi sama dengan timbunan.

Sedangkan hasil analisa daya dukung menunjukkan bahwa jika muka air tanah sejajar dengan dasar

pondasi maka nilai daya dukung yang dihasilkan akan tetap sama, tetapi jika muka air tanah semakin

jauh dari dasar pondasi maka nilai daya dukung yang dihasilkan akan semakin besar.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TIANG BAMBU ADA KONSTRUKSI JALAN DENGAN TANAH LUNAK DI DEMAK
Authors: Laura Elvirandra
Published: March 2024

Jalan merupakan prasarana yang penting untuk menunjang kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara, karena

dapat digunakan untuk mobilisasi bagi kemakmuran rakyat, memperlancar pembangunan suatu daerah,

serta meningkatkan daya guna dan kegunaan distribusi barang untuk menunjang kehidupan masyarakat.

ekonomi. Hingga tahun 2020, menurut Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR),

diperkirakan 20 juta hektar atau 10% dari total luas daratan Indonesia merupakan tanah lunak. Sebagian

besar tanah di Kabupaten Demak akan menjadi keras dan retak pada musim kemarau, namun sangat

rapat dan volumenya membesar pada musim hujan. Jenis tanah ini juga menjadi salah satu penyebab

seringnya terjadi penurunan muka tanah di Demak (Perbup Demak No. 12 Tahun 2016). Tujuan dari

penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daya dukung tanah dan penurunan tanah lunak jika

menggunakan tiang pancang bambu dan tanpa menggunakan tiang pancang bambu pada pembangunan

jalan di Demak. Untuk variasi digunakan jarak tiang bambu d dan 3d. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan

peningkatan daya dukung tanah batas hingga 2,2 dibandingkan tanpa pondasi bambu dan penurunan

tanah pada tanah lunak di Demak semakin kecil, serta diperoleh SF sebesar 2,1.
STABILITAS TEBING PANTAI DESA PECATU KABUPATEN BADUNG BALI: STUDI KASUS PANTAI PADANG-PADANG
Authors: Made Dodiek Wirya Ardana
Published: March 2024

Pembangunan infrastruktur khususnya penunjang pariwisata yang berada di sekitar tebing pantai mulai

dirambah secara intensif. Pembangunan fasilitas seperti hotel atau sanggraloka banyak memanfaatkan

tepi tebing pantai karena pemandangan pantai atau laut yang mempesona. Pantai Padang-Padang

terletak di Desa Pecatu Kabupaten Badung Bali. Pantai ini secara umum merupakan tebing pantai yang

terbentuk oleh batuan kapur. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas lereng/tebing dan jarak

sempadan teknis (setback line) yang aman secara teoritis. Tebing pantai disekitar wilayah ini dapat

mencapai ketinggian 100meter dari kedudukan permukaan pantai. Untuk menganalisis stabilitas

lereng/tebing dan garis sempadan teknis, penyelidikan karakteristik batuan kapur telah dilakukan

dengan pengeboran dan pengujian lapangan serta laboratorium. Analisis stabilitas lereng dilakukan

dengan metode prinsip kesetimbangan gaya dengan memadukannya dengan karakteristik batuan kapur

berupa peringkat masa batuan atau Rock Mass Rating, RMR. Analisis stabilitas juga mempertimbangkan

kedudukan muka air, karakter masa batuan yang tidak homogen serta diskontinu, penyebaran

tegangan pada retakan batuan, koefisien kekasaran retakan, dan gaya akibat seismik, Karakteristik

batuan kapur dari hasil pengujian meliputi uji tekan mencapai 10 MPa, nilai total RMR 52, nilai RQD

kurang dari 25, sudut geser dalam berkisar 25 – 35o dan kohesi berkisar 200 – 300kPa. Hasil analisis

sudut aman lereng (safe cut-slope) adalah 55-65o terhadap garis horizontal. Berdasarkan besarnya sudut

aman lereng dan karakteristik batuan kapur didapatkan garis sempadan teknis secara teoritis pada

koridor 17 – 21meter dari tepi tebing pantai. Angka keamanan stabilitas lereng berada pada kisaran 2,8

– 3,4.
ANALISIS REABILITY PENGARUH VEGETASI RUMPUT GAJAH DENGAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA PADA LERENG TANAH VULKANIK
Authors: I Nengah Sinarta  , Putu Aryastana  , Kadek Windy Candrayana  , I Ketut Agung  Sudewa
Published: March 2024

Desa-desa sekitar Kaldera Gunung Batur terancam mengalami longsor bahan rombakan (Debris Flow)

akibat erosi permukaan karena lereng yg tersusun oleh tanah vulkanik dan minim vegetasi. Penerapan

Bioengineering banyak menggunakan dengan penanaman rumput, karena lebih efektif mengurasi erosi

permukaan dibandingkan dengan pepohonan. Pengujian konsep bioengineering dilakukan di

laboratorium dengan kemiringan lereng 45o dengan vegetasi rumput gajah (Pennisetum purpureum)

didalamboxpengujian. Analisis reability dengan metode finite element menggunakan softwarePlaxis

3D versi 2.2. Analisis pada lereng dengan dan tanpa vegetasi, menggunakan metode reliabilitas orde

pertama dan pemodelan root as pile approach. Penelitian menunjukkan selisih regangan bidang gelincir

tanpa dan dengan vegetasi pada lereng sampai 0,1094 kN/m2 . Vegetasi pada lereng membuktikan

efektifitas penurunan lereng dengan selisih perpindahan 0,00235 m. Faktor keamanan lereng

dipertimbangkan tanpa vegetasi berdasarkan deterministic analysis adalah 0,80. Analisis numerik

menunjukkan faktor keamanan dengan vegetasi rumput gajah diperoleh sebesar 0,83. Fase pertama

tegangan akibat penambahan vegetasi mendapatkan selisih tegangan 0,01 kN/m2 antara tanpa vegetasi

dengan penambahan vegetasi. Selisih tegangan akibat penambahan vegetasi yaitu 5,87 kN/m2 dan

mendapatkan selisih waktu lebih panjang 28,16 hari dari pada tanpa vegetasi. Penambahan vegetasi

rumput gajah pada lereng mendapatkan hasil memuaskan, karena mampu menaikkan angka aman lereng

meskipun kecil.
ALTERNATIF DESAIN STRUKTUR PENAHAN TANAH PADA PROYEK FASILITAS KAWASAN GEODIVERSITAS INDONESIA DI KARANG SAMBUNG, KABUPATEN KEBUMEN, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Suwarno  , Luthfi Amri Wicaksono
Published: March 2024

Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) akan mengembangkan Geopark Karang sambung, Karang

bolong di Karang sambung, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah. Kawasan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi

pusat geodiversitas Indonesia yang memfasilitasi aspek konservasi, edukasi, riset, pariwisata, serta

pembangunan ekonomi kerakyatan. Kawasan ini memiliki area seluas 2,78 ha dengan elevasi antara

+59,00 hingga +76,00. Proyek ini direncanakan akan membangun 3 (tiga) gedung yang meliputi

Gedung Geodiversity (Gedung A), Gedung Geoconservation (Gedung B), dan Gedung Dormitory

(Gedung C). Pada Gedung A dan B direncanakan penggalian tanah dasar sedalam 8,00 m pada sisi

Timur dengan struktur penahan tanah berupa soldier pile dengan anchor. Hanya saja, jenis perkuatan

ini sulit untuk dilaksanakan sehingga diperlukan perkuatan yang lebih mudah dalam pelaksanaannya,

kuat, dan stabil. Gedung Asrama (Gedung C) yang terletak dibelakang Gedung A dan B memiliki

elevasi yang lebih tinggi. Pada waktu perencanaannya, tidak direncanakan adanya konstruksi penahan

tanah pada sisi belakang Gedung C sehingga terjadi kelongsoran pada rumah warga yang terletak di

belakang Gedung C. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perencanaan perkuatan struktur penahan tanah agar

dapat mencegah kelongsoran yang terjadi. Struktur penahan tanah pada sisi Timur Gedung A dan B

adalah secant pile. Sedangkan perencanaan dinding penahan tanah di sisi belakang Gedung C,

digunakan 2 (dua) opsi perencanaan yaitu gabion dan retaining wall. Hasil yang diharapkan dari studi

ini adalah alternatif struktur penahan tanah sisi Timur gedung A dan B dengan metode paling efisien

(mudah, optimal, dan aman) serta total biaya material yang paling terjangkau. Selain itu, akan dihasilkan

juga perencanaan dinding penahan tanah pada sisi belakang gedung C menggunakan opsi gabion atau

retaining wall sebagai mitigasi kelongsoran. Berdasarkan pembahasan yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan

hasil rancangan dinding penahan tanah untuk sisi belakang Gedung C dengan total biaya Rp

1.369.128.598,- dan akan dipasang sepanjang 110 m’ dibelakang Gedung C. Sedangkan, untuk Gedung

A dan B didapatkan hasil rancangan secant pile diameter 800 mm dengan jarak 1000 mm serta memiliki

panjang 35 m. Dengan kebutuhan pile untuk Gedung A sebanyak 122 piles dan untuk Gedung B

sebanyak 83 piles dengan total biaya sebesar Rp 3.863.360.956,-.
PENGARUH ELEKTROOSMOSIS TERHADAP KUAT GESER TANAH LEMPUNG
Authors: D. Lydia  , S. Sahat  , P.Yonas
Published: March 2024

Tanah lempung merupakan salah satu tanah bermasalah. Tanah dengan permebilitas rendah dan

kandungan mineral menyebabkan tanah memiliki kuat geser rendah. Tanah lempung bermuatan negatif,

hal ini mengakibatkan mudahnya unsur-unsur bermuatan positif masuk dan terikat didalamnya, salah

satunya adalah air. Dari penelitian-penelitian terdahulu, metode elektroosmosis membuat air yang

bermuatan positif mudah terikat oleh tanah lempung dan mengakibatkan tanah mengembang serta kuat

geser secara bersamaan akan turun. Berbagai penelitian stabilisasi tanah telah banyak dilakukan dan

penelitian ini merupakan rangkaian penelitian stabilisasi tanah liat dengan memanfaatkan beda

potensial. Penelitian elektroosmosis pada tanah lepung telah banyak dilakukan, dan hasilnya

menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pada kuat geser tanah, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan secara

langsung dengan membandingkan dua jenis tanah lempung dan dilihat perbandingan dari metode yang

dilakukan dan hasilnya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah pengujian eksperimental dengan

menggunakan kotak terbuat dari bahan aclyric dengan menggunakan arus DC sebesar 5A 12V selama

tujuh hari . Pengujian mikro struktur, fisik dan mekanis diterapkan pada tanah asli untuk mengetahui

kondisi awal dari tanah. Setelah dilakukan elektroosmosis maka dilakukan pengujian mekanis untuk

mengetahui perubahan kuat geser pada tanah. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perubahan yang

signifikan terhadap kedua tanah setelah tanah dilakukan elektroosmosis.
EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA DALAM MENURUNKAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN TANAH LEMPUNG DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN KAPUR DOLOMITE
Authors: Novi Ayu Setyaningtyas  , Indah Ayuliani  , Ir. D. Budi Setiyadi  , Dr. Ir. Maria  Wahyuni
Published: March 2024

Tanah menjadi bagian penting dan menjadi dasar dalam suatu struktur atau konstruksi, baik konstruksi

bangunan, jalan, maupun infrastruktur lain. Sifat-sifat dan jenis tanah di lapangan bervariasi, sebagai

contoh adanya tanah ekspansif yang mempunyai sifat mudah mengalami pengembangan dan

penyusutan. Sifat ini mampu merusak bangunan yang berdiri di atasnya. Sampel tanah yang diteliti

adalah tanah di Lokasi X Kota Semarang dan dilakukan pengujian mineral X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF),

pengujian ukuran butiran tanah, index properties, atterberg limit, dan swelling test. Hasil uji XRF

menunjukkan mineral dominan adalah Si (silikon) sebesar 54,6%. Berdasarkan uji index properties

didapatkan nilai kadar air alami 21,83%, berat jenis tanah (Gs) sebesar 2,463 dan tergolong halloysite.

Uji atterberg limit menghasilkan nilai index plasticity (IP) sebesar 18,46% sehingga termasuk kategori

tanah dengan potensi pengembangan sedang dan agak ekspansif. Proses penelitian ini dilakukan upaya

stabilisasi dengan penambahan kapur dolomite (CaO + MgO), Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH) dengan

masing-masing kadar 5%, 10%, 15%. Berdasarkan penambahan kapur dolomite kadar 5%, 10%, dan

15% memberikan hasil index plasticity sebesar 20,18%; 19,10%; dan 16,95%, dan berdasarkan

penambahan NaOH didapatkan nilai index plasticity yaitu 18,67%; 17,32%; dan 16,45%. Berdasarkan

bahan tersebut, hasil menunjukkan masing-masing bahan dengan penambahan kadar lebih besar mampu

memperbaiki karakteristik dan sifat tanah. Hasil nilai berat jenis tanah (Gs) kapur dolomite kadar 5%,

10%, 15% yaitu 2,79; 2,35; dan 2,16, Gs NaOH kadar 5%, 10%, 15% didapatkan hasil 2,73; 2,52; dan

2,31. Berdasarkan pengujian potensi pengembangan menggunakan alat konsolidasi, didapatkan hasil

swelling test tanah asli mengalami pengembangan 0,23 mm. Hasil swelling dengan penambahan bahan

kapur dolomite kadar 5%, 10%, 15% yaitu 0,14 mm; 0,13 mm; dan 0,05 mm. Hasil swelling test NaOH

sebesar 0,10 mm; 0,02 mm; 0,01 mm. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh maka bahan tambah yang

dianggap baik dan efektif untuk memperbaiki dan mengurangi tingkat pengembangan adalah NaOH

kadar 15%.
PERBANDINGAN PARAMETER KUAT GESER TANAH BERDASARKAN KORELASI HASIL PENYELIDIKAN LAPANGAN DENGAN UJI LABORATORIUM
Authors: I Made Aryatirta Predana
Published: March 2024

Penyelidikan lapangan seperti Cone Penetration Test (CPT) atau uji sondir dan Standard Penetration

Test (SPT) sangat umum dilakukan dalam memenuhi persyaratan geoteknik untuk perancanaan

infrastruktur di suatu lokasi. Bila penyelidikan lapangan tersebut dilengkapi dengan pengujian sampel

tanah di laboratorium, informasi data-data sifat fisik dan mekanis tanah terutama kuat geser tanah akan

sangat berguna dalam memahami karakteristik tanah di lokasi tersebut. Namun, apabila hanya dilakukan

penyelidikan lapangan tanpa adanya pengujian laboratorium, terdapat alternatif untuk menggunakan

persamaan-persamaan korelasi berdasarkan studi-studi empiris yang telah dilakukan. Dalam penelitian

ini, parameter kuat geser tanah hasil korelasi uji lapangan dengan hasil uji laboratorium akan

dibandingkan untuk menganalisis akurasi dari penggunaan persamaan korelasi yang telah tersedia

tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan lima sampel tanah pada empat lokasi berbeda yang tersebar di area

Kota Denpasar dan Kabupaten Badung, Provinsi Bali. Lima sampel tanah ini memiliki kelengkapan

data yang sama yaitu hasil uji sondir dan uji SPT sampai kedalaman lima meter serta minimum satu

hasil pengujian laboratorium di masing-masing lokasi. Hasil perhitungan dan analisis menunjukkan

bahwa penggunaan persamaan korelasi untuk mendapatkan parameter kuat geser tanah memiliki hasil

yang cukup jauh berbeda dengan hasil pengujian laboratorium dengan rentang selisih sekitar 10-35%.

Oleh karena itu, baik penyelidikan lapangan maupun pengujian laboratorium memiliki fungsi dan peran

saling melengkapi untuk memberikan pemahaman karakteristik tanah pada suatu lokasi secara

komprehensif. Pemahaman parameter tanah yang diperlukan dalam mendesain berperan sangat vital

untuk dapat menentukan kebutuhan penyelidikan tanah yang sesuai dengan fungsinya.
PEMANFAATAN ABU JERAMI SEBAGAI FILLER PADA CAMPURAN AC-WC TERHADAP STABILITAS DAN KUAT TARIK TIDAK LANGSUNG
Authors: Parea R. Rangan  , M. Tumpu  , Yohans Sunarno  , Mansyur
Published: March 2024

Dalam pengembangan infrastruktur di daerah terpencil akan menghadapi persoalan keterbatasan

penggunaan bahan pengisi (filler) sebagai salah satu bahan bangunan yang tergolong langka. Dalam

penelitian ini akan dimanfaatkan material abu jerami sebagai bahan pengisi dalam campuran AC-WC.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan model hubungan hubungan antara nilai stabilitas dan kuat

tarik tidak langsung (tegangan) campuran AC-WC yang mengandung abu jerami padi sebagai bahan

pengisi (filler). Penelitian ini berbentuk uji eksperimental di laboratorium. Kadar limbah abu jerami

padi yang digunakan yaitu senilai 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30%, 20 dan 10% dari berat total agregat.

Adapun kadar bitumen dalam campuran yaitu didapatkan dari proporsi agregat gabungan dan kadar

bitumen yang digunakan berdasarkan dari berat total campuran, sesuai persyaratan ketentuan campuran

laston lapis aus spesifikasi 2018 revisi 2. Hasil yang diharapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah

merumuskan model hubungan antara nilai stabilitas dan kuat tarik tidak langsung (tegangan) campuran

AC-WC yang mengandung abu jerami padi sebagai bahan pengisi (filler).
PENGARUH PELAT SETRIP POLOS SEBAGAITULANGAN TARIK LONGITUDINAL TERHADAP KINERJA LENTUR BALOK BETON BERTULANG
Authors: Basuki Achmad , Bhayusukma Muhammad Yani , Purwanto Edy , Azam Mahasim
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh pelat setrip polos sebagai tulangan tarik longitudinal balok beton

bertulang terhadap kinerja lenturnya. Baja pelat setrip polos dipasang dalam posisi vertikal terhadap

sumbu balok. Tiga balok beton dengan tulangan tarik longitudinal berupa baja tulangan ulir dan tiga

balok beton dengan tulangan tarik longitudinal berupa baja pelat setrip polos diuji melalui pengujian

third-point loading. Geometri baja tulangan merupakan parameter utama yang diamati dalam penelitian

ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balok beton bertulang dengan tulangan pelat setrip polos

memiliki kapasitas lentur yang lebih rendah. Metode yang ditetapkan dalam SNI 2847:2019 digunakan

untuk memperkirakan kapasitas lentur balok. Hasil pengujian eksperimental menunjukkan bahwa balok

beton dengan tulangan baja pelat setrip memiliki indeks kapasitas yang lebih besar dibandingkan balok

beton dengan baja tulangan ulir. Saat beban maksimum tercapai, balok beton dengan tulangan baja pelat

setrip polos mengalami lendutan yang lebih besar. Kedua variasi balok memiliki pola retak serupa,

didominasi oleh retak lentur pada sepertiga tengah bentang lalu berkembang menjadi retak diagonal

setelah mencapai sisi tekan.
Enhancing dental and medical students’ self-regulated learning through multiple choice questions: An evaluative study using machine learning
Authors: Leth Rasmussen Emilie , Have Musaeus Malthe , Dahl Mads Ronald , Løvschall Henrik , Musaeus Peter
Published: March 2024

This article reports a mixed methods study that uses machine learning and thematic analysis to investigate student evaluation of multiple-choice questions (MCQ). The focus is on medical and dental students' experience of self-regulated learning and motivation. We evaluate two systems developed at Aarhus University: "MED MCQ" used by medical students and "MCQ anatomy" used by dental students. We evaluate through two surveys in SurveyXact with responses from 126 medical students and 70 dental students. We use topic modelling over free text responses. The machine-learning model identifies two groups of students who, in different ways, both experience the system as motivating and facilitating their learning process. The students experience increased self-regulated learning by being able to choose the form of presentation of questions and answer questions independently of the instructor. The article discusses how educators and developers can use MCQs to promote student learning and how to analyze open-ended questions. We discuss the potential for using machine learning and integrating MCQ systems into teaching.
READING TRADITIONAL JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH HAYAO MIYAZAKI CINEMA
Authors: İsmailoğlu Semiha , Yetim Evşen
Published: March 2024

Houses, which are the best-known examples of traditional architecture, are cultural heritage products and objects of representation. Traditional Japanese houses have continued their existence as living examples of space organization, materials and building-construction system/technique, preserving their originality and qualities. This study aims to interpret this architecture through the traditional Japanese architecture in Hayao Miyazaki's animated films. The main problem of the study is to obtain information about the cultures of societies through television and cinema products, to keep traditional architecture alive and to ensure its sustainability. By examining Miyazaki's animated films, the sample of the study was limited to 12 feature films or short films. In these films, those determined to be about traditional Japanese architecture are grouped as building elements, spaces, interior elements and accessories. In some of the films examined within the scope of the study, there are elements of traditional Japanese architecture in a single building, some in two or three buildings, and in some of the silhouettes of the settlement. It has been seen that the wall (kaaba) and roof (koyagumi) of the elements that make up the structure are more used than the ceiling (tenjo), and it is common in the board to use a floor (yuka) material. Life (doma), living room (ima), room (heya) and veranda (engawa) in traditional Japanese houses are more prominent than the kitchen (floor) and bathroom (furo) in the houses in the movies. Sliding wall (fusuma), sliding paper door/window (shoji) and shoe removal board/stone (kutsungi) from interior elements in homes and public spaces; tables (chabudai), cushions (zabuton) and wicker ground cover (tatami) are the most used items.
Relevancia de los ríos intermitentes y arroyos efímeros de montaña sobre la diversidad de líquenes anfibios
Authors: Aragón Gregorio , Pineros Patricia , Vicente Marina , Giménez Gil Fernando , Hurtado Pilar
Published: March 2024

Ríos intermitentes y arroyos efímeros constituyen corrientes de agua que dejan de fluir y/o se secan completamente en algún punto del tiempo y espacio, de forma que los organismos han de adaptarse a la temporalidad de estos hábitats con ciclos de inmersión y secado variables en el tiempo e intensidad. Uno de los organismos adaptados a vivir en estos ambientes son los líquenes anfibios o semiacuáticos que colonizan rocas estables en aguas no eutrofizadas. Partiendo de la existencia de adaptaciones morfológicas y anatómicas que han desarrollado los líquenes para vivir en estos ambientes, nos preguntamos sobre la especificidad que tienen por los ambientes acuáticos, y si podrían desarrollarse también en ambientes terrestres. Se han seleccionado 50 especies de líquenes con afinidad por el agua dulce, se ha extraído la información de todas las citas del nodo GBIF España, y se ha completado la información del hábitat usando referencias bibliográficas en el caso de que faltaran. Los resultados muestran una fuerte especificidad por el medio acuático de las 36 especies que viven regularmente sumergidas o en zonas inundadas después de las lluvias. Algunas de ellas como Pseudosagedia guentheri, Polyblastia quartzina o Pyrenocollema saxicola solo han sido citadas en una o dos ocasiones. Además, gran parte de las citas están relacionadas con sistemas acuáticos en zonas de montaña (>1300 m de altitud). Los cursos de agua de zonas de montaña constituyen hábitats idóneos para el desarrollo de los líquenes anfibios, especialmente los tramos asociados a gargantas y rápidos, con aguas oligotróficas y gran extensión de roca expuesta.
Shrinkage and desiccation: evaluating the streambed bacterial responses to intermittent water deficit
Authors: Gionchetta Giulia , Romani Anna Maria
Published: March 2024

Hydrological drought, characterized by a significant deficiency in rainfall events, promotes natural desiccation processes. The reduction in water recharge and the loss of freshwater ecosystems pose urgent challenges in the face of increasing global population and the escalating demand for water resources. The variability in the duration of no-flow periods can have profound implications for ecosystem functioning, specifically impacting the microbiota residing in streambed sediments and the vital processes they perform. The streambed serves as an ecotone where microorganisms form biofilms, playing critical roles in in-stream biogeochemical cycles and greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, prolonged desiccation periods and subsequent rewetting episodes can disrupt, limit, or alter the functions and structure of microbial communities, thereby compromising the overall functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Understanding how streambed microbial communities respond to prolonged desiccation events is crucial. This revision manuscript provides a synthesis of recent empirical and experimental studies that have explored various aspects of streambed microbial communities in the context of diverse drying-rewetting periods. A special focus is placed on highlighting key microbial community structural and functional responses that could be used as endpoints of responses to desiccation. In particular, we showed the greater expression of the phenol-oxidase activity among the intermittent streambeds submitted to long-term drought. This result suggested a potential begin of transition from freshwater to terrestrial systems. Additionally, we observed a tendency of decreasing bacterial diversity in the dry conditions together with a change in the relative abundance of certain microbial taxa and a general shift from Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria. All of these evidences strengthened the similarity between the dry streambed systems studied and a (dry)-soil environment, suggesting that prolonged and unusual dry periods could boost the terrestrial transition of the aquatic intermittent ecosystem. By summarizing these findings, we aim to enhance our understanding of the responses exhibited by streambed microbiota in the face of desiccation events. The synthesized results may further provide potential diagnosis and/or management tools for intermittent freshwater ecosystems functioning.
Retos y oportunidades para la evaluación del estado ecológico en ríos temporales
Authors: Bonada Núria , Sánchez Montoya María Mar , Cid Núria , Acosta Raúl , Arce María Isabel , Cañedo-Argüelles Miguel , Cunillera-Montcusí David , de las Heras Paloma , Díaz-Redondo María , Ersoy Zeynep , Fernández-Calero José María , Arnau Núria Flor , Fortuño Pau , Freixinos Zeus , Gomà Joan , López-Pintor Antonio , López-Rodríguez María Jesús , López-Rodríguez Nieves , Mellado-Díaz Andrés , Miñano-Martínez Jesús , Morcillo Felipe , Munné Antoni , Ordeix Marc , Piñero-Fernández Martí , Quevedo-Ortiz Guillermo , Roblas Neftalí , Rodríguez-Lozano Pablo , Rovira José Vicente , Sánchez-Campaña Carlota , Sánchez-Nogueras Judit , Soria María , Suárez Alonso María Luisa , Tierno de Figueroa José Manuel , Vidal-Abarca María del Rosario , Vinyoles Dolors , Gallart Francesc , Prat Narcís
Published: March 2024

Los ríos temporales (RTs) son ecosistemas fluviales en los que los efectos de las perturbaciones antrópicas se mezclan con los de la propia perturbación natural que impone la temporalidad del flujo. A pesar de los avances en el conocimiento de los RTs, todavía persisten muchas lagunas de conocimiento que limitan el desarrollo de metodologías adecuadas para la evaluación de su estado ecológico. En esta revisión identificamos los retos actuales para la correcta evaluación del estado ecológico de los RTs y analizamos las oportunidades existentes para hacerles frente. Estos retos se centran en: la diferenciación entre RTs naturales o hidrológicamente impactados, la diferenciación entre perturbaciones naturales y antrópicas, el desarrollo de índices biológicos para pozas desconectadas y cauces secos, la adaptación de los índices hidrogeomorfológicos, y la aplicación de la teoría de metacomunidades en RTs. Las oportunidades están relacionadas con: el uso de nuevas herramientas moleculares, la existencia de índices alternativos a los tradicionales, la disponibilidad de datos para poder hacer modelización, y la implicación social en la evaluación del estado hidrológico y ecológico. La revisión se centra mayoritariamente en el conocimiento científico y de gestión acumulado desde la implementación de la DMA en España, pero recoge experiencias en otros RTs del mundo para guiar acciones de conservación y gestión en estos ecosistemas únicos y altamente amenazados por el cambio global.
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation as Adjuvant to Phototherapy versus Phototherapy Alone on Neonatal Jaundice: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Das Ghanshyam , Jain Abhinay , Gupta Vijay , Shukla Durgesh
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice, or neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia, is a common and significant concern among newborns globally. Given that phototherapy is the primary treatment for neonatal jaundice, exploring alternative adjunctive treatments is beneficial. Aim: To observe the impact of vitamin D supplementation as an adjuvant therapy alongside phototherapy in managing neonatal jaundice. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based double-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) in Department of Paediatrics, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, a tertiary care neonatal centre in North India, over a two-year period (April 2020 to March 2022). The study included 70 newborns with neonatal jaundice, divided into two groups: one receiving phototherapy and vitamin D (Group 1), and the other receiving phototherapy alone (Group 2). The average levels of bilirubin were compared at baseline, 48 hours, 96 hours, and 120 hours in the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0, calculating frequency, percentage, mean, Standard Deviation (SD), and applying the independent t-test for comparison. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean total serum bilirubin at admission in Group 1 was 18.58±1.76 mg/dL, and in Group 2 was 17.77±2.01 mg/ dL, with a p-value of 0.077. At 48 hours, the levels in Group 1 were 15.11±1.99 mg/dL, and in Group 2 were 14.69±1.53 mg/ dL, with a p-value of 0.339. At 96 hours, the levels in Group 1 were 14.75±5.62 mg/dL, and in Group 2 were 13.16±1.49 mg/ dL, with a p-value of 0.237. At 120 hours, the levels in Group 1 were 8.90±4.66 mg/dL, and no patients were observed in Group 2. The study found that vitamin D as an adjuvant to phototherapy did not significantly impact the rate of decline of serum bilirubin, and the duration of phototherapy was not affected significantly. Conclusion: The study concludes that vitamin D, as an adjuvant to phototherapy, does not significantly affect the rate of decline of serum bilirubin, and it does not alter the duration of phototherapy when comparing both groups.
Glycated Haemoglobin and TIMI Score as Risk Predictor in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ayur Agot Garang , Vasanthan M , Vinodhini VM , Renuka P , Aghavan Sriram Veerar
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability globally. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score is calculated to assess the risk outcome among myocardial infarction patients. Researchers found that diabetic patients with myocardial infarction have relatively unfavourable outcomes when compared to myocardial infarction patients without diabetes. Aim: To evaluate Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, the TIMI score in Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) patients and compare them between ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and non STEMI (NSTEMI) patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Department of Cardiology at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India, from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 100 myocardial infarction patients were included and divided into two groups based on Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and Creatine PhosphokinaseMB (CK-MB) values, with 50 STEMI and 50 NSTEMI. Patients blood samples were evaluated for HbA1c, total cholesterol, Triglycerides (TGL), High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), Very High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C), and CK-MB parameters. The TIMI score was calculated to evaluate the risk of developing complications among myocardial infarction patients. Pearson’s correlation was used to correlate biochemical parameters with the TIMI score. Results: A total of 100 myocardial infarction patients were analysed in the present study, with 50 being STEMI (mean HbA1c%: 8.0±0.2.8) and 50 being NSTEMI (mean HbA1c%: 7.2±2.0) with a p-value of <0.01*, a high TIMI score in STEMI patients (means 5.38±2.76) and 50 NSTEMI (mean 3.24±1.20) with a p-value of <0.0001*. Also, HbA1c was strongly positively correlated with the TIMI score in both the STEMI and NSTEMI groups, with r-value of 0.6 (p=0.0001*) and 0.7 (p=0.0001*), respectively. CK-MB was correlated with the TIMI score in both STEMI and NSTEMI, with r-value of 0.308 (0.03) and 0.375 (0.007). There was no correlation between the TIMI score and the lipid profile. Conclusion: The study concluded that HbA1c, along with the TIMI score, is a significant predictor of risk outcome in AMI patients.
Congenital Bilateral Aniridia with Ectopia Lentis: A Case Report
Authors: Mallareddy Vijaya , Daigavane Sachin , Shinde Pranaykumar
Published: March 2024

Aniridia is characterised by variable degrees of hypoplastic iris or complete absence of iris tissue and is a rare congenital disorder. Mutation in the PAX6 gene is mostly responsible for aniridia. It is associated with various ocular manifestations involving both anterior and posterior segments of the eye. A 14-year-old male patient, presented to the ophthalmology outpatient department with complaints of a gradual decrease in vision in his left eye. Upon examination, photophobia and bilateral aniridia associated with nystagmus were present in both eyes, along with a sclerally fixated intraocular lens in the right eye and a superiorly subluxated mature cataract in the left eye. Intraocular pressure was elevated in the left eye. Gonioscopy revealed rudimentary iris tissue in both eyes. Upon systemic examination, the patient was diagnosed with hydro-ureteronephrosis of the right-side, which was asymptomatic, and borderline intellectual functioning. This case highlights the unique features of WAGR syndrome (Wilm’s tumour, Aniridia, Genito-urinary anomalies, Range of developmental delay) presenting with aniridia and genito-urinary conditions, along with borderline intellectual functioning without the presentation of Wilm’s tumour. Cataract extraction by lens aspiration with scleral fixation of intraocular lens implantation was performed in the left eye. This study adds to the broader knowledge of the disease entity’s spectrum, exploring the diagnostic challenges associated with the case and potentially influencing diagnostic criteria. It may guide future studies exploring the diverse clinical presentations of WAGR syndrome.
Simulation-based Training for Anaesthesiology Residents: A Boon
Authors: Singham Amol , Paul Amreesh
Published: March 2024

Training in anaesthesiology necessitates exposure to diverse clinical situations, demanding quick thinking, decision-making, and intervention. Achieving expertise in this field traditionally requires years of clinical practice and exposure to various scenarios. Simulation-Based Medical Education (SBME) revolutionises anaesthesiology training by providing a controlled environment where trainees can acquire knowledge, refine clinical skills, and develop clinical and non clinical competencies. This approach includes training in soft skills, critical analysis of clinical scenarios, and receiving constructive feedback from qualified instructors. In alignment with industries like aviation and the military, various countries have incorporated SBME into medical curricula. The present scoping review explores the benefits, limitations, and diverse applications of SBME for anaesthesiology trainees. The historical progression of SBME, from basic procedural models to advanced simulations and virtual reality, underscores its transformative impact on medical education. Standards and accreditation for simulation laboratories ensure quality maintenance in training programs. SBME in anaesthesiology focuses on technical skill development and cultivating crucial non technical skills essential for patient safety. The review emphasises the need for a comprehensive curriculum, qualified instructors, reliable equipment, and ethical considerations to establish standards for simulation in anaesthesia. The versatility of simulation types, including low-fidelity task trainers, high-fidelity mannequins, and virtual simulations, enhances training opportunities. Anaesthesia simulation encompasses a spectrum of scenarios, from cardiothoracic anaesthesia to airway management, addressing technical and soft skills. While SBME offers advantages such as enhanced teamwork, regulated skill development, and exposure to rare situations, drawbacks include costs, ethical concerns, and replicating real-world complexity. Ongoing research is crucial to assess the effectiveness of SBME and its impact on patient outcomes. The evolving significance of SBME in anaesthesiology suggests its continued promise for breakthroughs in medical education.
Respectful Maternity Care: A Narrative Review
Authors: Parmita Pragyna , Acharya Neema , Joshi Ketav
Published: March 2024

Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) is a fundamental right of every childbearing woman. It is aimed at lessening disparities in medical care and assists in achieving an optimal outcome for both mothers and newborns. However, studies have shown that Disrespect and Abuse (D&A) are extremely widespread in low socio-economic countries and that care quality has been neglected at all levels. To minimise disrespectful Maternity Care, we must create situation-specific, proof-based interventions as well as strategies and plans of action. RMC needs a lot more than the ending of misconduct. Care should be provided to all women in a way that safeguards their respect, privacy, and confidentiality. They should not be ill-treated and constant support should be provided at the time of labour and childbirth. Respectful treatment should not be dependent on the social status of the mother. The implementation of RMC through the labour and delivery process is a complicated procedure that demands that healthcare providers possess both interpersonal and scientific abilities. In this regard, it is crucial to recognise the probable hurdles and execute efficient approaches for implementing RMC into action. The present review aimed to further focus the discussion around the creation of RMC policies for various healthcare settings. The authors emphasise the value of RMC and highlight that poor treatment and disrespectful care are issues that are essential to be addressed across all research fields, including community health, quality assurance, administration, and human rights.
Saliva as a Non Invasive Specimen for Section Assessment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rangrej Vraj , Parekh Achal B x , Patel Anand K , Adalja Mayur H
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Impaired mucociliary clearance due to altered respiratory physiology in COPD presents an exceptional opportunity for bacterial proliferation. Sampling the respiratory tract using sputum or Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) can be labourious and inconvenient, particularly in chronically debilitated patients. Saliva offers an interesting and non invasive method for assessing COPD patients and preventing exacerbations. Aim: To use saliva to analyse the association between the frequency of positive Potentially Pathological Bacterial Isolates (PPBI) and COPD exacerbations in relation to the frequency of exacerbations and the severity of the disease. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year (July 2022 to June 2023) among COPD patients attending the outpatient department at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. A total of 60 patients with COPD, diagnosed according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2021 guidelines, were included. The patients were categorised based on the severity of airflow limitation, GOLD “ABCD” assessment tool, and number of exacerbations. Salivary samples were collected and subjected to microbiological analysis using laboratory conventional culture techniques. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-tests were applied. Results: The mean age was 64±5.1 years. S. pneumoniae and H. influenza were common bacterial findings in all stages of COPD, while E. coli and A. baumannii were isolated in GOLD Group D patients. Disease severity also showed a significant association with oral bacterial composition (p=0.010) and the frequency of exacerbations (p=0.03). Conclusion: The current study demonstrates an association between oral bacteria and COPD, especially in patients with severe symptoms (GOLD Group D). Additionally, patients with repeated exacerbations exhibited a different oral bacterial composition, thus supporting the use of saliva as a non invasive specimen for assessing heterogeneous diseases like COPD and designing an empiric antibiotic regimen for those PPBI.
Recipes for Happiness: Conversations on Happiness and Well-being in the School Environment
Authors: Cezar Guilherme Adolpho Josetti , Reis Felipe Aurélio dos
Published: March 2024

Background: Since ancient times, the debate around happiness has been present in philosophical reflections. In the face of an increasingly complex society, impacted by several crisis, the need and urgency to debate conceptualizations of happiness and well-being is evident, and educational institutions may play a relevant role in this process.
Objective: Considering philosophical and current psychological perspectives on well-being, this paper seeks to analyze children’s perceptions of happiness through the analysis of an anthology of recipes for happiness created by elementary school children in a public school in Brazil.
Methodology: A qualitative analysis was carried out based on the content of 15 recipes for happiness, produced by 6th grade students at a federal public school in Brazil. Content analysis was conducted associating the thematic categories of the article “children’s conceptualizations of happiness” with the ingredients of the recipes for happiness.
Results: Among the corpus of recipes analyzed in the study, positive feelings were present in 86.7% of the recipes, followed by positive self (66.7%), then friendship (46.7%), and leisure (33.3%).
Conclusion: The results demonstrate writing recipes for happiness can be considered an effective intervention to articulate the debate about well-being in the school environment. Furthermore, understanding children's perceptions of happiness can be important data for developing well-being policies in schools.
To Implement Reward and Punishment Methods for Cultivating Independent Character in Primary School Students: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study
Authors: Kurniawati Anisa , Sobry M.
Published: March 2024

Aims: This study aims to: 1) analyze the implementation of reward and punishment in forming the independent character of elementary school students? 2) mapping the forms  of reward and punishment used in forming the independent character of elementary school students.
Study Design:  The study adopted a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Primary School State 1 Terong Tawah, West Lombok, Indonesia, between January 2023 and August 2023.
Methodology: The author conducted in-depth interviews with two people, namely the school principal and class teacher. Apart from that, the author also made observations. The analysis procedure follows the interactive analysis recommended by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, encompassing data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. To ensure data validity, the study employs data triangulation, including source triangulation and technique triangulation. Additionally, member checks contribute to data validation.
Results: The findings reveal: 1) The implementation of reward and punishment in shaping the independence character of primary school students involves two processes: (1) Planning or Preparation of Reward and Punishment; (2) Implementation of Reward and Punishment during Learning. 2) Various forms of rewards are applied, such as giving stars, expressing commendatory phrases, and providing additional grades. Meanwhile, the forms of punishment administered to primary school students vary according to the nature of the mistakes, including reprimands, advice, additional assignments, and motivational strategies that aid in character formation.
Conclusion: The reward and punishment methods used can be considered as methods that accommodate humanist values. Teachers do not provide punishment in the form of violence that has physical and psychological impacts.
First Fit Algorithm: A Graph Coloring Approach to Conflict-Free University Course Timetabling
Authors: Ogunkan Stella Kehinde , Idowu Peter Olalekan , Omidiora Elijah Olusayo , Oyeleye Christopher Akin
Published: March 2024

Aims: Tackling scheduling issues with the most optimal graph coloring algorithm has consistently posed significant difficulties. The university scheduling problem can be expressed as a graph coloring problem, where courses are depicted as vertices and the connections between courses that have common students or teachers are represented as edges. Subsequently, the task at hand is to assign the vertices with the minimum number of colors. In order to accomplish this task, this paper present a graph coloring technique to conflict free university course timetabling using first fit algorithms.

Methodology: The conflict graph is partitioned into a set of independent color classes to be assigned time slots and transformed into a conflict-free timetable. The Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) University Course Timetabling Data was adopted. The allocation of venue based on the allotted time slots is done using first fit packing algorithm. The proposed model is implemented using Python programming language. The developed model had courses being represented as vertices and edges. The course conflict graph was created based on the acquired dataset using vertices-edges relationship diagram. The implemented model is evaluated in terms of Halstead complexity metrics: Program Volume (PV), Program Length (PL), Program Effort (PE), Program Difficulty (PD) and Execution Time (ET). The PV, PL, PE, PD and ET values obtained for the implemented model are 18.45kbits, 0.51, 1037684, 1.97 and 20.45 secs, respectively.

Conclusion: The proposed model shows a significant improvement over the existing models by producing conflict-free course timetabling problem with better evaluation results. This work will be highly useful in solving various scheduling, optimization and NP-hard related computational problems.