bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transmastoid labyrinthectomy for disabling vertigo after cochlear implantation
Authors: Tutar H , Tutar V B , Gunduz B , Bayazit Y A
Published: September 2014

Objective:

To document the use of transmastoid labyrinthectomy in the treatment of disabling vertigo after unilateral cochlear implantation.

Methods:

A 58-year-old man with severe-to-profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss secondary to chronic otitis media underwent cochlear implantation in his right ear with a Pulsar Med-El device. The surgery was uneventful and the electrode was positioned correctly. He had episodic vertigo three months after implant surgery, and medical treatment and aggressive vestibular rehabilitation did not relieve the vertigo attacks.

Results:

Right transmastoid labyrinthectomy was performed one year after cochlear implantation. The patient's symptoms were immediately relieved, and cochlear implant function was not adversely affected at follow up after three years.

Conclusion:

Transmastoid labyrinthectomy seems to be an effective, safe method for ablating the vestibular end organ after unilateral cochlear implantation.
‘Peace’ and ‘Security’ (1 Thess 5.3): Roman Ideology and Greek Aspiration
Authors: White Joel R.
Published: September 2014

Against the consensus that ‘peace and security’ in 1 Thess 5.3 is an allusion to a common Roman imperial slogan, it is argued that, while ‘peace’ does, in fact, evoke Roman propaganda's promise of a stable society to her loyal subjects, ‘security’ has its roots in the Hellenistic conception of the polis as the guarantor of stability. Paul himself combined these two catchwords, thereby promoting a counterclaim both to Roman imperial power and to Hellenistic visions of the ideal civic society. Neither can offer true security in the face of the apocalyptic cataclysm he is convinced is coming. That can be found, as far as he is concerned, only in identifying with the community of believers in Jesus.
A cat among the dogs: leopardPanthera pardusdiet in a human-dominated landscape in western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Athreya Vidya , Odden Morten , Linnell John D. C. , Krishnaswamy Jagdish , Karanth K. Ullas
Published: September 2014

The ecology and predator–prey dynamics of large felids in the tropics have largely been studied in natural systems where wild ungulates constitute the majority of the prey base. However, human-dominated landscapes can be rich in potential prey for large carnivores because of the high density of domestic animals, especially in tropical countries where pastoralism is an important livelihood activity. We report the almost complete dependence of leopardsPanthera parduson domestic animals as prey in the crop lands of Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India. From analysis of 85 confirmed leopard scats, 87% of the leopard's prey biomass consisted of domestic animals, with 39% consisting of domestic dogsCanis lupus familiarisalone. The only wild species that occurred in the leopard's diet were rodents, small indian civetViverricula indica, bonnet macaqueMacaca radiataand other primatesSemnopithecusspp., mongooseHerpestesspp., and birds. Interviews conducted in 77 households distributed randomly in the study area documented a high density of domestic animals: adult cattleBos taurus, calves, goatsCapra aegagrus, dogs and catsFelis catusoccurred at densities of 169, 54, 174, 24 and 61 per km2, respectively. Ivlev's electivity index indicated that dogs and cats were over-represented in the leopard's diet, given the higher densities of goats and cattle. The standing biomass of dogs and cats alone was sufficient to sustain the high density of carnivores at the study site. Our results show that the abundance of potential domestic prey biomass present in human-use areas supports a relatively high density of predators, although this interaction could result in conflict with humans.
Using Poison Center Data for Postdisaster Surveillance
Authors: Wolkin Amy , Schnall Amy H. , Law Royal , Schier Joshua
Published: September 2014

The role of public health surveillance in disaster response continues to expand as timely, accurate information is needed to mitigate the impact of disasters. Health surveillance after a disaster involves the rapid assessment of the distribution and determinants of disaster-related deaths, illnesses, and injuries in the affected population. Public health disaster surveillance is one mechanism that can provide information to identify health problems faced by the affected population, establish priorities for decision makers, and target interventions to meet specific needs. Public health surveillance traditionally relies on a wide variety of data sources and methods. Poison center (PC) data can serve as data sources of chemical exposures and poisonings during a disaster. In the US, a system of 57 regional PCs serves the entire population. Poison centers respond to poison-related questions from the public, health care professionals, and public health agencies. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uses PC data during disasters for surveillance of disaster-related toxic exposures and associated illnesses to enhance situational awareness during disaster response and recovery. Poison center data can also be leveraged during a disaster by local and state public health to supplement existing surveillance systems. Augmenting traditional surveillance data (ie, emergency room visits and death records) with other data sources, such as PCs, allows for better characterization of disaster-related morbidity and mortality. Poison center data can be used during a disaster to detect outbreaks, monitor trends, track particular exposures, and characterize the epidemiology of the event. This timely and accurate information can be used to inform public health decision making during a disaster and mitigate future disaster-related morbidity and mortality.

WolkinA,SchnallAH,LawR,SchierJ.Using poison center data for postdisaster surveillance.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(5):1-4.
Inverse association between social support and household food insecurity in a metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Interlenghi Gabriela dos Santos , Salles-Costa Rosana
Published: September 2014

Objective

To verify the association between perceived social support and household food insecurity (HFI).

Design

A cross-sectional survey.

Setting

A population-based study with a representative sample of households from a metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, conducted in 2010. HFI was estimated with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA). Social support was assessed using the adapted and validated Brazilian version of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between social support and HFI, adjusting for potential confounders.

Subjects

Adults (n 1022) aged 19–60 years old (27 % men, 73 % women) who were responsible for feeding the household.

Results

Individuals with high scores of social support were less likely to experience moderate HFI (OR=0·96; 95 % CI 0·94, 0·99) and severe HFI (OR=0·96; 95 % CI 0·94, 0·98).

Conclusions

These findings indicate that social support may contribute to reducing HFI in populations vulnerable to poverty. Strategies to increase social relationships should be encouraged in this group to enhance their perceived social support.
Resonant Frequency and Sensitivity of a Caliper Formed With Assembled Cantilever Probes Based on the Modified Strain Gradient Theory
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad , Afkhami Seyed E.
Published: September 2014

The resonant frequency and sensitivity of an atomic force microscope (AFM) with an assembled cantilever probe (ACP) is analyzed utilizing strain gradient theory, and then the governing equation and boundary conditions are derived by a combination of the basic equations of strain gradient theory and Hamilton’s principle. The resonant frequency and sensitivity of the proposed AFM microcantilever are then obtained numerically. The proposed ACP includes a horizontal cantilever, two vertical extensions, and two tips located at the free ends of the extensions that form a caliper. As one of the extensions is located between the clamped and free ends of the AFM microcantilever, the cantilever is modeled as two beams. The results of the current model are compared with those evaluated by both modified couple stress and classical beam theories. The difference in results evaluated by the strain gradient theory and those predicted by the couple stress and classical beam theories is significant, especially when the microcantilever thickness is approximately the same as the material length-scale parameters. The results also indicate that at the low values of contact stiffness, scanning in the higher cantilever modes decrease the accuracy of the proposed AFM ACP.
Gain-intensified slot antennas backed by SIW cavity using high-order cavity resonance
Authors: Bayderkhani Reza , Forooraghi Keyvan , Abbasi-Arand Bijan
Published: September 2014

In this paper, a gain-increased method of cavity-backed slot antennas based on excitation of high-order substrate-integrated waveguide cavity resonance has been proposed. To this end, the metallic posts are introduced in a main cavity to excite the cavity's TM220 mode. Then the properties of the modified cavity's TM220 mode are used to feed an array of 2 × 2 slot antenna. Moreover, to acquire insight of modified cavity's field distribution, a comprehensive modal study was performed on the modified cavity to fully understand the effects of the dividing walls on the cavity's field distribution. Also, compared with HFSS, the modal solution that is proposed in this paper provide a considerable time and storage saving. To validate the simulated results, two types of the proposed antenna forming two different polarizations (horizontal and vertical) are analyzed, simulated, and fabricated. The proposed antennas exhibit relatively gain of 8.2 dBi at resonant frequency and high front-to-back ratio. In addition, the gain-enhanced method proposed in the present paper can be extended for using even higher-order cavity resonances, such as TM440, TM660 etc., if higher gain is desirable. The proposed antennas are suitable for using in many wireless communication systems and some radar systems.
The landscape of kinase fusions in cancer
Authors: Stransky Nicolas , Cerami Ethan , Schalm Stefanie , Kim Joseph L. , Lengauer Christoph
Published: September 2014

Human cancer genomes harbour a variety of alterations leading to the deregulation of key pathways in tumour cells. The genomic characterization of tumours has uncovered numerous genes recurrently mutated, deleted or amplified, but gene fusions have not been characterized as extensively. Here we develop heuristics for reliably detecting gene fusion events in RNA-seq data and apply them to nearly 7,000 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We thereby are able to discover several novel and recurrent fusions involving kinases. These findings have immediate clinical implications and expand the therapeutic options for cancer patients, as approved or exploratory drugs exist for many of these kinases.
Highly sensitive electrochemical detection of DNA hybridisation by coupling the chemical reduction of a redox label to the electrode reaction of a solution phase mediator
Authors: Ngoensawat Umphan , Rijiravanich Patsamon , Somasundrum Mithran , Surareungchai Werasak
Published: September 2014

We have described a highly sensitive method for detecting DNA hybridisation using a redox-labeled stem loop probe.
Spray-coated all-solid-state potentiometric sensors
Authors: Jaworska Ewa , Schmidt Morten , Scarpa Giuseppe , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Michalska Agata
Published: September 2014

A novel fully spray coating-based method for the preparation of all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes for simplified construction is proposed.
Vis-NIR wavelength selection for non-destructive discriminant analysis of breed screening of transgenic sugarcane
Authors: Guo Haosong , Chen Jiemei , Pan Tao , Wang Jihua , Cao Gan
Published: September 2014

The Savitzky–Golay (SG) method and moving-window waveband screening are applied to a coupling model of principal component (PCA) and linear discriminant analyses (LDA).
Gels and threads: mussel-inspired one-pot route to advanced responsive materials
Authors: Krogsgaard M. , Andersen A. , Birkedal H.
Published: September 2014

Self-healing hydrogels are obtained in a one-pot reaction between tannic acid, trivalent metal ions and polyallylamine. At high concentrations, meter-long threads could be drawn from low pH solutions.
A nickel dimethyl glyoximato complex to form nickel based nanoparticles for electrocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Cherdo Stéphanie , Ghachtouli Sanae El , Sircoglou Marie , Brisset François , Orio Maylis , Aukauloo Ally
Published: September 2014

Mechanistic insights into the electrochemical alteration of NiII(DMGBF2)2 into Ni-based nanoparticles showing electrocatalytic HER activity are provided based on experimental and theoretical studies.
Procedure-dependent construction of two isomers of trimeric self-assembled boronic esters
Authors: Ono Kosuke , Aizawa Ryo , Yamano Taiki , Ito Suguru , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Johmoto Kohei , Uekusa Hidehiro , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: September 2014

Selective construction of two kinds of trimeric boronic esters was realized. A capsule-like trimer was constructed by the direct connection of different self-assembled boronic esters, while a tricyclic trimer was obtained by the self-assembly of pre-connected components.
Multiple CH⋯O interactions involving glycol chains as driving force for the self-assembly of amphiphilic Pd(ii) complexes
Authors: Rest Christina , Martin Anja , Stepanenko Vladimir , Allampally Naveen Kumar , Schmidt David , Fernández Gustavo
Published: September 2014

Cooperative inter- and intrastrand CH⋯O interactions between tryethylene glycol chains are the driving force for the self-assembly of amphiphilic Pd(ii) complexes in polar media.
Unprecedented formation of polycyclic diazadiborepine derivatives through cage deboronation of m-carborane
Authors: Harmgarth Nicole , Hrib Cristian G. , Lorenz Volker , Hilfert Liane , Edelmann Frank T.
Published: September 2014

An unprecedented deboronation reaction of an icosahedral carborane is reported, in which a BH group is detached from the cage and incorporated into a nido-carborane-anellated diazadiborepine ring.
Mn(ii)/O2-promoted oxidative annulation of vinyl isocyanides with boronic acids: synthesis of multi-substituted isoquinolines
Authors: Wang Hao , Yu Yang , Hong Xiaohu , Xu Bin
Published: September 2014

An efficient manganese(ii)/O2-promoted oxidative radical cascade reaction was developed for the modular synthesis of multi-substituted isoquinolines from easily accessible vinyl isocyanides and boronic acids.
In situ X-ray Raman spectroscopy study of the hydrogen sorption properties of lithium borohydride nanocomposites
Authors: Miedema Piter S. , Ngene Peter , van der Eerden Ad M. J. , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Weng Tsu-Chien , Nordlund Dennis , Au Yuen S. , de Groot Frank M. F.
Published: September 2014

Nanoconfined LiBH4 has been studied in situ with X-ray Raman spectroscopy. With 1 bar of hydrogen, partial re-hydrogenation can be achieved.
A facile route for the synthesis of nanostructured oxides and hydroxides of cobalt using laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASIS)
Authors: Hu Sheng , Melton Chad , Mukherjee Dibyendu
Published: September 2014

Pulsed laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASIS) is used as a facile, “green” synthesis route to produce cobalt oxide/hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) with tailored size, morphology and structure at different laser fluences, wavelengths (532 and 1064 nm) and solvent conditions.
New challenges in gold catalysis: bimetallic systems
Authors: Villa Alberto , Wang Di , Su Dang Sheng , Prati Laura
Published: September 2014

Since the discovery of the peculiar catalytic activity of gold catalysts, it became clear that gold could play a fundamental role also as a modifier.
Electrode-modified with nanoparticles composed of 4,4′-bipyridine-silver coordination polymer for sensitive determination of Hg(ii), Cu(ii) and Pb(ii)
Authors: Chira Ana , Bucur Bogdan , Bucur Madalina Petruta , Radu Gabriel Lucian
Published: September 2014

Nanoparticles of 4,4′-bipyridine-silver coordination polymer were used for the modification of glassy carbon electrode with applications in analytical chemistry.
Single-source-precursor synthesis of dense SiC/HfCxN1−x-based ultrahigh-temperature ceramic nanocomposites
Authors: Wen Qingbo , Xu Yeping , Xu Binbin , Fasel Claudia , Guillon Olivier , Buntkowsky Gerd , Yu Zhaoju , Riedel Ralf , Ionescu Emanuel
Published: September 2014

A novel single-source precursor for SiC/HfCxN1−x-based ceramic nanocomposites was prepared by the reaction between allyl hydrido polycarbosilane and tetrakis(dimethylamido)hafnium(iv).
Effect of TiO2 microbead pore size on the performance of DSSCs with a cobalt based electrolyte
Authors: Chen Yang , Huang Fuzhi , Xiang Wanchun , Chen Dehong , Cao Lu , Spiccia Leone , Caruso Rachel A. , Cheng Yi-Bing
Published: September 2014

Films of mesoporous TiO2 beads (with three pore sizes) provide large interbead and small mesopore channels for cobalt electrolyte diffusion.
Retracted Article: A multifunctional self-dissociative polyethyleneimine derivative coating polymer for enhancing the gene transfection efficiency of DNA/polyethyleneimine polyplexes in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Cheng , Bao Xiuli , Ding Xuefang , Ding Yang , Abbad Sarra , Wang Yazhe , Li Min , Su Yujie , Wang Wei , Zhou Jianping
Published: September 2014

A novel coating polymer LPHF is developed for the first time to elevate the transfection efficiency of DP binary polyplexes in vitro and in vivo.
Copper(i)-catalyzed enantioselective hydroboration of cyclopropenes: facile synthesis of optically active cyclopropylboronates
Authors: Tian Bing , Liu Qiang , Tong Xiaofeng , Tian Ping , Lin Guo-Qiang
Published: September 2014

Copper(i)-catalyzed enantioselective hydroboration of 3-aryl substituted cyclopropene-3-carboxylate is described, providing chiral cyclopropylboronates with excellent enantioselectivities (89–95% ee) in moderate to high yields (55–86%).
A sidearm-assisted phosphine for catalytic ylide intramolecular cyclopropanation
Authors: Zhu Jian-Bo , Chen Hao , Liao Saihu , Li Yu-Xue , Tang Yong
Published: September 2014

The first phosphine-catalyzed cyclopropanation reactionviacovalent ylide catalysis has been realized with high efficiency in the presence of sidearm-assisted phosphine catalysts.
Cationic gemini lipids with cyclen headgroups: interaction with DNA and gene delivery abilities
Authors: Zhang Yi-Mei , Liu Yan-Hong , Zhang Ji , Liu Qiang , Huang Zheng , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: September 2014

Eleven Gemini cationic lipids and one mono counterpart were synthesized, and their structure–activity relationship as non-viral gene vectors was studied.
Conversion of wastewater organics into biodiesel feedstock through the predator-prey interactions between phagotrophic microalgae and bacteria
Authors: Li Cong , Ju Lu-Kwang
Published: September 2014

We herein report a new route of cultivating phagotrophic microalgae with wastewater for biodiesel feedstock production.
A reformative oxidation strategy using high concentration nitric acid for enhancing the emission performance of graphene quantum dots
Authors: Shao Taili , Wang Guodong , An Xuting , Zhuo Shujuan , Xia Yunsheng , Zhu Changqing
Published: September 2014

Red fluorescent graphene quantum dots with 18% quantum yield at 600 nm were obtained through a concentrated HNO3oxidation strategy.
Raney Ni catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Surya Prakash Rao H. , Chakibanda Guravaiah
Published: September 2014

Raney Ni efficiently catalyzes acetylene azide cycloaddition reactions to form 1,2,3-triazoles.
Polycyclic alkanes based high density hydrocarbon fuels preparation and evaluation for LFRJ application
Authors: Krishnamachary Senapthi , Krishna Mohan S. , Desingou Jayaraman , Jena Sunita Devi , Vivek R. , Kumar Trivedi Darshan , Ramanujachari V.
Published: September 2014

Preparation and performance evaluation of high density hydrocarbon fuel for liquid ramjet engine application.
Intrinsic quantum dot based white-light-emitting diodes with a layered coating structure for reduced reabsorption of multiphase phosphors
Authors: Zhao Bingxia , Zhang Delong , Sun Kang , Wang Xiebing , Mao Rihua , Li Wanwan
Published: September 2014

A white-light-emitting diode (WLED) with a layered coating structure was successfully fabricated, providing a promising solution for the fabrication of intrinsic QD based WLEDs with reduced reabsorption.
Supramolecular solvent microextraction of gold prior to its determination by microsample injection system coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Yilmaz Erkan , Soylak Mustafa
Published: September 2014

A supramolecular solvent based liquid–liquid microextraction (SsLLME) system for gold was developed prior to its determination by a microsample injection system coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometric (MS-FAAS).
Metal-free n-Et4NBr-catalyzed radical cyclization of disulfides and alkynes leading to benzothiophenes under mild conditions
Authors: Yang Daoshan , Yan Kelu , Wei Wei , Tian Laijin , Li Qinghe , You Jinmao , Wang Hua
Published: September 2014

The title reaction involves metal free TEAB-catalyzed S–S bond cleavage, C–S bond formation and C–C bond formation; it uses readily available disulfides and alkynes as substrates, and environmentally friendly TEAB as catalyst to synthesize useful benzothiophene derivatives.
Fast and continuous synthesis of nanostructured iron spinel in supercritical water: influence of cations and citrates
Authors: Maurizi L. , Bouyer F. , Ariane M. , Chassagnon R. , Millot N.
Published: September 2014

Spinel iron oxide nanoparticles were obtained under continuous supercritical water conditions by previously mixing citrates with Fe(ii) precursors.
Development of a concise synthetic approach to access oroxin A
Authors: Chen Haijun , He Guihua , Li Cailong , Dong Longrong , Xie Xiaobo , Wu Jianlei , Gao Yu , Zhou Jia
Published: September 2014

A novel environment-friendly method to access bioactive oroxin A through a one-pot/two-step process from naturally abundant and inexpensive baicalin is described.
Copper-catalyzed carbonylative Suzuki coupling of aryl iodides with arylboronic acids under ambient pressure of carbon monoxide
Authors: Cheng Laijin , Zhong Yanzhen , Ni Zhuchao , Du Hongyan , Jin Fengli , Rong Qi , Han Wei
Published: September 2014

An efficient and ligandless nanocopper-catalyzed carbonylative cross-coupling of aryl iodides with arylboronic acids at ambient CO pressure in poly(ethylene glycol), has been developed.
Tetraethylammonium iodide catalyzed synthesis of diaryl ketones via the merger of cleavage of C–C double bonds and recombination of aromatic groups
Authors: Zeng Xianghua , Xu Daqian , Miao Chengxia , Xia Chungu , Sun Wei
Published: September 2014

An efficient method for synthesizing diaryl ketones via merging oxidative cleavage of C–C double bonds and recombination of aromatic groups is developed with Et4NI (2.5 mol%) as the catalyst and NaIO4 as the oxidant.
A biocompatible and functional adhesive amine-rich coating based on dopamine polymerization
Authors: Yang Ying , Qi Pengkai , Ding Yonghui , Maitz Manfred F. , Yang Zhilu , Tu Qiufen , Xiong Kaiqin , Leng Yang , Huang Nan
Published: September 2014

A one-step method to deposit a functional amine-rich coating in dopamine and hexamethylendiamine mixed solution through simple dip-coating of objects.
Development of redundant shoulder complex of human‐like robot driven by flexible wire tendons
Authors: Choi Taeyong , Lee Joon‐Woo , Kim Doohyung , Do Hyunmin , Park Dongil , Park Chanhun
Published: September 2014

For dual‐arm robot systems, which continue to become more common in the field of industrial robotics, a redundant shoulder complex could be very important to new developments. However, constructing a kinematically redundant shoulder complex is difficult because of spatial constraints. A novel redundant shoulder complex for a human‐like robot that is driven by flexible wire tendons against spatial constraints is proposed. The kinematically redundant shoulder complex allows the human‐like robot to generate more natural motions because of the availability of redundant degrees of freedom (DOFs), i.e. six DOFs per side. To control the proposed shoulder complex, a hybrid control scheme is used; the positioning precision was considered, and the ability of the shoulder complex to perform several human‐like motions was verified.
Protection of transmission lines using fault component integrated power
Authors: Ghanizadeh Bolandi Tohid , Seyedi Heresh , Hashemi Sayyed Mohammad
Published: September 2014

In this study, a novel scheme is proposed for pilot protection of transmission line based on the fault component integrated power (FCIP). An appropriate definition is proposed for FCIP. The proposed scheme is able to quickly discriminate the normal condition, internal fault and external fault situations, even in severe operating and emergency conditions. This FCIP‐based scheme is not affected by the line charging capacitive and, therefore it does not need to be compensated for the capacitive current. Hence, this novel pilot protection scheme, based on FCIP, can be used for long distance high‐voltage transmission lines. The faulty phase/phases can also be detected by the proposed scheme. Moreover, compared with a newly‐introduced protective scheme which is based on the fault component integrated impedance, the proposed FCIP‐based scheme has faster operation speed. The efficiency of the proposed protective scheme is evaluated and approved over extensive simulation studies.
Environmental/economic dispatch incorporating renewable energy sources and plug‐in vehicles
Authors: Gholami Amin , Ansari Javad , Jamei Mahdi , Kazemi Ahad
Published: September 2014

Transportation and electricity industries are considered as major sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. Different methods have been proposed to deal with the increasing rate of the emission, such as employing plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs) and integrating renewable energy sources (RESs). However, it is important to scrutinise different scenarios of incorporating the mentioned elements to decrease the concerning emission rate while considering the economic constraints. In this study, a combined economic emission dispatch (CEED) is employed to investigate the effectiveness of using PEVs and RESs from different aspects. A sensitivity analysis is executed to survey the influence of emission and cost coefficients. Two test cases each including different scenarios are simulated to determine the efficacy of different types of integration in the proposed model. To have a more accurate and realistic survey, an extended model of the wind farm's cost function is employed in economic dispatch calculations. The particle swarm optimisation algorithm is applied to solve the CEED non‐linear problem. The obtained results indicate that the integration of PEVs cannot necessarily reduce the net emission of two industries. In fact, the optimum solution should include the incorporation of PEVs along with RESs to return the desired results.
Harmonic analysis model for voltage source converter under unbalanced conditions
Authors: Zhong Qing , Lin Lingxue , Wang Gang , Zhang Yao , Wu Zhigang
Published: September 2014

Voltage source converters (VSCs) generate harmonics under unbalanced conditions. With the wider applications of VSCs, the harmonics produced by VSCs will provide new challenges of harmonic problems in the modern power system. The harmonics generated by VSCs are caused by the switching characteristics of power electronic devices and the interaction between the ac and dc sides, which is a non‐linear and complex problem. Dynamic phasor sequence components (DPSCs) are applied into the analysis of the harmonic produced by VSC in this study. With selecting the DPSCs of current harmonics on ac side and voltage harmonics on dc side as the state variables, a harmonic analysis model of VSC is presented as a linear time invariable system in the state space. The model considers both the detailed switching dynamics and the interactions between the ac and dc sides of VSC. The model also shows the analytical expression of the relationship between harmonics and sequence components of supply voltages. By solving the model, the harmonics generated by VSC under unbalanced conditions can be calculated mathematically. The comparison with simulation and experiment results can testify that the analysis model is very useful to analyse the harmonics of VSCs directly.
Enhanced node cooperation technique for outwitting selfish nodes in an ad hoc network
Authors: Kaushik Rekha , Singhai Jyoti
Published: September 2014

In an ad hoc network, selfish nodes do not cooperate in packet forwarding of other nodes to maximise their own welfare. Such nodes will have a negative effect on the performance of the network. In this study, an enhanced node cooperation technique (ENCT) is proposed which is a hybrid technique of reputation‐based mechanism and incentive‐based mechanism. It evaluates relaying nodes’ behaviour, calculates its reputation and outwitting selfish nodes by utilising receipts submitted by each relaying node in the path to a centralised authority rather than using promiscuous mode. A mathematical analysis is provided which demonstrates that the expected gain of reputation for a particular node is maximum if it adopts cooperative behaviour. To motivate nodes for cooperation, variable incentives are provided proportionate to their reputation and current behaviour. Simulation results demonstrate modification of reputation and incentive with varying number of selfish nodes, traffic connections, and topology with static and dynamic behaviour of selfish nodes. The result shows that the ENCT is robust, fair and efficient technique.
Delay‐sensitive user scheduling and power control in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Cheng Aolin , Li Jian , Yu Yuling , Jin Hao
Published: September 2014

Delay‐sensitive traffic services, such as live streaming video, voice over IP and multimedia teleconferencing, requires low end‐to‐end delay in order to maintain its interactive and streaming nature. In recent years, the popularity of delay‐sensitive applications has been rapidly growing. In this study, the authors consider the delay‐sensitive user scheduling and power control design for heterogeneous networks (HetNets). They model the problem as an infinite‐horizon average cost Markov decision process MDP. Based on the dynamics of channel state information (CSI) and queue state information (QSI), they focus on finding an adaptive user scheduling and power control policy to minimise the average delay of network subjected to the power constraints of heterogeneous base stations. In order to reduce the computational complexity and facilitate the distributive implementation, the authors derive a distributive stochastic learning algorithm which only requires local CSI and local QSI to determine the optimal user scheduling and power control policy. The simulation results confirm that significant delay performance gain can be achieved compared with various baseline schemes.
Transient stability of power system integrated with doubly fed induction generator wind farms
Authors: Chowdhury Md Ayaz , Shen Weixiang , Hosseinzadeh Nasser , Pota Hemanshu Roy
Published: September 2014

A new quantitative assessment of transient stability for power systems integrated with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind farms is proposed by evaluating the transient energy margin (TEM) through the formulation of the transient energy function (TEF) for multimachine systems. To achieve an accurate TEM, the TEF is modified to account for the separation of the critical machines from the system and an unstable equilibrium point is calculated on the basis of post‐fault trajectory reaching the potential energy boundary surface. Simulation results show that such power systems integrated with DFIG wind farms are more sensitive to transient events of higher voltage sag, longer fault clearing time, lower load operation and higher wind power penetration level. It is also observed that machines located far from the fault are also exposed to inferior transient stability because of fault with geographical dispersion of wind farms. As a result, advanced switchgear, faster isolators, more efficient power reserve systems and advanced reactive power compensating devices must be equipped to ensure reliable operation of power systems integrated with the DFIG wind farms during transient events.
Parametric space–time detection and range estimation of a small target
Authors: Hao Chengpeng , Gazor Saeed , Orlando Danilo , Foglia Goffredo , Yang Jun
Published: September 2014

In this study, the authors deal with the problem of parametric detection for relatively small targets using space–time adaptive processing (STAP). In contrast to the existing parametric STAP detectors, the proposed detectors perform range estimation by exploiting the spillover of the target energy between consecutive samples. To this end, the authors assume that the received useful signal is known up to a complex unknown deterministic factor parameter and the disturbance signal is modelled as a multichannel autoregressive Gaussian process. Moreover, the authors assume that a set of secondary data is available which are free of signal components, but have the same unknown parameters as the disturbance in the cells under test. Using these assumptions, the so‐called simplified generalised likelihood ratio test (GLRT) and the two‐step GLRT are derived and assessed. It is worth noting that the simplified GLRT is based on an asymptotic ML estimate of the amplitude, which leads to a simple and closed‐form detection statistic. The performance assessment, conducted resorting to both simulated dataset and KASSPER dataset, has shown that the proposed decision schemes can provide accurate estimates of the target position within the cell under test and ensure enhanced detection performance compared with their natural competitors.
Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae and Its Prevalence in the Australian Population
Authors: French Heath D. , Somasundaram Arjuna J. , Schaefer Nathan R. , Laherty Richard W.
Published: September 2014

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective

Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are a common congenital anomaly, and they can be accurately identified on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the lumbosacral spine. This study attempts to determine the prevalence of this congenital anomaly and to increase awareness among all clinicians to reduce the risk of surgical and procedural errors in patients with LSTV.

Methods

A retrospective review of 5,941 AP and lateral lumbar radiographs was performed. Transitional vertebrae were identified and categorized under the Castellvi classification.

Results

The prevalence of LSTV in the study population was 9.9%. Lumbarized S1 and sacralized L5 were seen in 5.8 and 4.1% of patients, respectively.

Conclusion

LSTV are a common normal variant and can be a factor in spinal surgery at incorrect levels. It is essential that all clinicians are aware of this common congenital anomaly.
Detailed mechanism of the CH2I + O2 reaction: Yield and self-reaction of the simplest Criegee intermediate CH2OO
Authors: Ting Wei-Lun , Chang Chun-Hung , Lee Yu-Fang , Matsui Hiroyuki , Lee Yuan-Pern , Lin Jim Jr-Min
Published: September 2014

The application of a new reaction scheme using CH2I + O2 to generate the simplest Criegee intermediate, CH2OO, has stimulated lively research; the Criegee intermediates are extremely important in atmospheric chemistry. The detailed mechanism of CH2I + O2 is hence important in understanding kinetics involving CH2OO. We employed ultraviolet absorption to probe simultaneously CH2I2, CH2OO, CH2I, and IO in the reaction system of CH2I + O2 upon photolysis at 248 nm of a flowing mixture of CH2I2, O2, and N2 (or SF6) in the pressure range 7.6–779 Torr to investigate the reaction kinetics. With a detailed mechanism to model the observed temporal profiles of CH2I, CH2OO, and IO, we found that various channels of the reaction CH2I + O2 and CH2OO + I play important roles; an additional decomposition channel of CH2I + O2 to form products other than CH2OO or ICH2OO becomes important at pressure less than 60 Torr. The pressure dependence of the derived rate coefficients of various channels of reactions of CH2I + O2 and CH2OO + I has been determined. We derived a rate coefficient also for the self-reaction of CH2OO as k = (8 ± 4) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 295 K. The yield of CH2OO from CH2I + O2 was found to have a pressure dependence on N2 and O2 smaller than in previous reports; for air under 1 atm, the yield of ∼30% is about twice of previous estimates.
Coupling of a locally implanted rare-earth ion ensemble to a superconducting micro-resonator
Authors: Wisby I. , de Graaf S. E. , Gwilliam R. , Adamyan A. , Kubatkin S. E. , Meeson P. J. , Tzalenchuk A. Ya. , Lindström T.
Published: September 2014

We demonstrate the coupling of rare-earth ions locally implanted in a substrate (Gd3+ in Al2O3) to a superconducting NbN lumped-element micro-resonator. The hybrid device is fabricated by a controlled ion implantation of rare-earth ions in well-defined micron-sized areas, aligned to lithographically defined micro-resonators. The technique does not degrade the internal quality factor of the resonators which remain above 105. Using microwave absorption spectroscopy, we observe electron-spin resonances in good agreement with numerical modelling and extract corresponding coupling rates of the order of 1 MHz and spin linewidths of 50–65 MHz.
The application of the barrier-type anodic oxidation method to thickness testing of aluminum films
Authors: Chen Jianwen , Yao Manwen , Xiao Ruihua , Yang Pengfei , Hu Baofu , Yao Xi
Published: September 2014

The thickness of the active metal oxide film formed from a barrier-type anodizing process is directly proportional to its formation voltage. The thickness of the consumed portion of the metal film is also corresponding to the formation voltage. This principle can be applied to the thickness test of the metal films. If the metal film is growing on a dielectric substrate, when the metal film is exhausted in an anodizing process, because of the high electrical resistance of the formed oxide film, a sudden increase of the recorded voltage during the anodizing process would occur. Then, the thickness of the metal film can be determined from this voltage. As an example, aluminum films are tested and discussed in this work. This method is quite simple and is easy to perform with high precision.
Aging in the relaxor and ferroelectric state of Fe-doped (1-x)(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-xBaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Sapper Eva , Dittmer Robert , Damjanovic Dragan , Erdem Emre , Keeble David J. , Jo Wook , Granzow Torsten , Rödel Jürgen
Published: September 2014

Aging of piezoelectric properties was investigated in lead-free (1 − x)(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-xBaTiO3 doped with 1at. % Fe. The relaxor character of the un-poled material prevents macroscopic aging effects, while in the field-induced ferroelectric phase aging phenomena are similar to those found in lead zirconate titanate or barium titanate. Most prominent aging effects are the development of an internal bias field and the decrease of switchable polarization. These effects are temperature activated, and can be explained in the framework of defect complex reorientation. This picture is further supported by electron paramagnetic resonance spectra indicating the existence of (FeTi′−VO••)• defect complexes in the Fe-doped material.
Electron heating enhancement by frequency-chirped laser pulses
Authors: Yazdani E. , Sadighi-Bonabi R. , Afarideh H. , Riazi Z. , Hora H.
Published: September 2014

Propagation of a chirped laser pulse with a circular polarization through an uprising plasma density profile is studied by using 1D-3V particle-in-cell simulation. The laser penetration depth is increased in an overdense plasma compared to an unchirped pulse. The induced transparency due to the laser frequency chirp results in an enhanced heating of hot electrons as well as increased maximum longitudinal electrostatic field at the back side of the solid target, which is very essential in target normal sheath acceleration regime of proton acceleration. For an applied chirp parameter between 0.008 and 0.01, the maximum amount of the electrostatic field is improved by a factor of 2. Furthermore, it is noticed that for a chirped laser pulse with a0 = 5, because of increasing the plasma transparency length, the laser pulse can penetrate up to about ne ≈ 6nc, where nc is plasma critical density. It shows 63% increase in the effective critical density compared to the relativistic induced transparency regime for an unchirped condition.
Reaction efficiency effects on binary chemical reactions
Authors: Lazaridis Filippos , Savara Aditya , Argyrakis Panos
Published: September 2014

We study the effect of the variation of reaction efficiency in binary reactions. We use the well-known A + B → 0 model, which has been extensively studied in the past. We perform simulations on this model where we vary the efficiency of reaction, i.e., when two particles meet they do not instantly react, as has been assumed in previous studies, but they react with a probability γ, where γ is in the range 0 < γ < 1. Our results show that at small γ values the system is reaction limited, but as γ increases it crosses over to a diffusion limited behavior. At early times, for small γ values, the particle density falls slower than for larger γ values. This fall-off goes over a crossover point, around the value of γ = 0.50 for high initial densities. Under a variety of conditions simulated, we find that the crossover point was dependent on the initial concentration but not on the lattice size. For intermediate and long times simulations, all γ values (in the depleted reciprocal density versus time plot) converge to the same behavior. These theoretical results are useful in models of epidemic reactions and epidemic spreading, where a contagion from one neighbor to the next is not always successful but proceeds with a certain probability, an analogous effect with the reaction probability examined in the current work.
Physical characterization of amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors with direct-contact asymmetric graphene electrode
Authors: Jeong Jaewook , Kim Joonwoo , Noh Hee-Yeon , Jeong Soon Moon , Kim Jung-Hye , Myung Sung
Published: September 2014

High performance a-IGZO thin-film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated using an asymmetric graphene drain electrode structure. A-IGZO TFTs (channel length = 3 μm) were successfully demonstrated with a saturation field-effect mobility of 6.6 cm2/Vs without additional processes between the graphene and a-IGZO layer. The graphene/a-IGZO junction exhibits Schottky characteristics and the contact property is affected not only by the Schottky barrier but also by the parasitic resistance from the depletion region under the graphene electrode. Therefore, to utilize the graphene layer as S/D electrodes for a-IGZO TFTs, an asymmetric electrode is essential, which can be easily applied to the conventional pixel electrode structure.
Radiation-induced defects in GaN bulk grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Duc Tran Thien , Pozina Galia , Son Nguyen Tien , Janzén Erik , Ohshima Takeshi , Hemmingsson Carl
Published: September 2014

Defects induced by electron irradiation in thick free-standing GaN layers grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy were studied by deep level transient spectroscopy. In as-grown materials, six electron traps, labeled D2 (EC–0.24 eV), D3 (EC–0.60 eV), D4 (EC–0.69 eV), D5 (EC–0.96 eV), D7 (EC–1.19 eV), and D8, were observed. After 2 MeV electron irradiation at a fluence of 1 × 1014 cm−2, three deep electron traps, labeled D1 (EC–0.12 eV), D5I (EC–0.89 eV), and D6 (EC–1.14 eV), were detected. The trap D1 has previously been reported and considered as being related to the nitrogen vacancy. From the annealing behavior and a high introduction rate, the D5I and D6 centers are suggested to be related to primary intrinsic defects.
Characterization of adhesive properties of red blood cells using surface acoustic wave induced flows for rapid diagnostics
Authors: Sivanantha Ninnuja , Ma Charles , Collins David J. , Sesen Muhsincan , Brenker Jason , Coppel Ross L. , Neild Adrian , Alan Tuncay
Published: September 2014

This letter presents a method which employs surface acoustic wave induced acoustic streaming to differentially peel treated red blood cells (RBCs) off a substrate based on their adhesive properties and separate populations of pathological cells from normal ones. We demonstrate the principle of operation by comparing the applied power and time required to overcome the adhesion displayed by healthy, glutaraldehyde-treated or malaria-infected human RBCs. Our experiments indicate that the method can be used to differentiate between various cell populations contained in a 9 μl droplet within 30 s, suggesting potential for rapid diagnostics.
Optical and electrical properties study of sol-gel derived Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for solar cells
Authors: Guo B. L. , Chen Y. H. , Liu X. J. , Liu W. C. , Li A. D.
Published: September 2014

The fabrication of environmental-friendly Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films with pure kesterite phase is always a challenge to researchers in the field of solar cells. We introduce a simple non-vacuum sol-gel method to fabricate kesterite CZTS films. Ethylenediamine is used as the chelating agent and stabilizer and plays an important role in preparing stable precursor. X-ray diffraction, Raman and scanning electron microscopy studies suggest that the microstructure and optical properties of CZTS films depend strongly on annealing temperatures. The temperature dependence of conductivity of 500 °C annealed CZTS film shows that the Mott law dominates in the low temperature region and thermionic emission is predominant at high temperatures.
Gradual crossover in molecular organization of stable liquid H2O at moderately high pressure and temperature
Authors: Koga Yoshikata , Westh Peter , Yoshida Koh , Inaba Akira , Nakazawa Yasuhiro
Published: September 2014

Using the literature raw data of the speed of sound and the specific volume, the isothermal compressibility, κT, a second derivative thermodynamic quantity of G, was evaluated for liquid H2O in the pressure range up to 350 MPa and the temperature to 50 ºC. We then obtained its pressure derivative, dκT/dp, a third derivative numerically without using a fitting function to the κT data. On taking yet another p-derivative at a fixed T graphically without resorting to any fitting function, the resulting d2κT/dp2, a fourth derivative, showed a weak but clear step anomaly, with the onset of the step named point X and its end point Y. In analogy with another third and fourth derivative pair in binary aqueous solutions of glycerol, dαp/dxGly and d2αp/dxGly2, at 0.1 MPa (αp is the thermal expansivity and xGly the mole fraction of solute glycerol) in our recent publication [J. Solution Chem. 43, 663-674 (2014); DOI:10.1007/s10953-013-0122-7], we argue that there is a gradual crossover in the molecular organization of pure H2O from a low to a high p-regions starting at point X and ending at Y at a fixed T. The crossover takes place gradually spanning for about 100 MPa at a fixed temperature. The extrapolated temperature to zero p seems to be about 70 – 80 °C for points X and 90 – 110 °C for Y. Furthermore, the mid-points of X and Y seem to extrapolate to the triple point of liquid, ice Ih and ice III. Recalling that the zero xGly extrapolation of point X and Y for binary aqueous glycerol at 0.1 MPa gives about the same T values respectively, we suggest that at zero pressure the region below about 70 °C the hydrogen bond network is bond-percolated, while above about 90 ºC there is no hydrogen bond network. Implication of these findings is discussed.