bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compared to What? Judicial Review and Other Veto Points in Contemporary Democratic Theory
Authors: Watkins David , Lemieux Scott
Published: June 2015

Many democratic and jurisprudential theorists have too often uncritically accepted Alexander Bickel's notion of “the countermajoritarian difficulty” when considering the relationship between judicial review and democracy; this is the case for arguments both for and against judicial review. This framework is both theoretically and empirically unsustainable. Democracy is not wholly synonymous with majoritarianism, and judicial review is not inherently countermajoritarian in the first place. In modern democratic political systems, judicial review is one of many potential veto points. Since all modern democratic political systems contain veto points, the relevant and unexplored question is what qualities might make a veto point relatively democratic.

Proceeding on the assumption that democracy's primary normative value is found in its opposition to domination by both state and private actors, we make a preliminary effort to delineate what qualities a democratic veto point might have, identifying five criteria, and evaluate judicial review using these criteria. We conclude that judicial review's performance against these criteria is decidedly mixed, but in the final balance is likely to be a modest net positive for democracy, particularly when compared to other veto points commonly found in contemporary democratic political systems.
Die Bedeutung partnerschaftlicher Stressbewältigung für die Beziehungsqualität und die posttraumatische Symptomausprägung
Authors: Witkovsky Andrea , Braakmann Diana
Published: June 2015

Hintergrund: Personen mit einer Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) leiden häufig unter Partnerschaftsproblemen. Fragestellung: Untersucht wurde, ob die Anwendung positiver bei gleichzeitig geringer Nutzung negativer dyadischer Copingstrategien mit einer höheren Partnerschaftsqualität und einer geringeren Symptomausprägung der PTBS in Zusammenhang steht. Methode: 31 Paare bearbeiteten Selbst- und Fremdeinschätzungsinstrumente zum dyadischen Coping, zu individueller Stressbewältigung, Partnerschaftsqualität und PTBS-Symptomen. Ergebnisse: Partnerschaftsqualität korreliert positiv mit wesentlichen Formen des dyadischen Copings (p < .05). Niedrigere Diskrepanzen zwischen den gegenseitigen Einschätzungen des Copings sind mit positiver Partnerschaftsqualität verbunden (p < .05). Eine hohe Symptomausprägung der PTBS geht eher mit dysfunktionalem Coping der Betroffenen und einer Unterstützungsübernahme durch den Partner einher. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Befunde belegen die Relevanz positiven dyadischen Copings für die Bewältigung traumatischer Ereignisse. Dieses sollte in Paar- und Einzeltherapie-Ansätzen in der PTBS-Behandlung gesondert berücksichtigt werden.
Meta-Analyse zur Wirkung familienbezogener Präventionsmaßnahmen in Deutschland
Authors: Weiss Maren , Schmucker Martin , Lösel Friedrich
Published: June 2015

Theoretischer Hintergrund. In Deutschland wird eine Vielzahl von Programmen angeboten, die Eltern bei der Wahrnehmung ihrer Erziehungsaufgaben unterstützen und kindlichen Erlebens- und Verhaltensproblemen vorbeugen sollen. Internationale Befunde bescheinigen derartigen Maßnahmen positive Effekte, insbesondere bei kurzem Follow-up. Inwieweit die primär anglo-amerikanischen Ergebnisse auf andere Länder übertragen werden können, ist aber weitgehend unklar. Fragestellung. Der Beitrag berichtet über eine Meta-Analyse, die ausschließlich in Deutschland durchgeführte Kontrollgruppenstudien zu familienbezogenen Präventionsmaßnahmen integriert. Methode. Aus zirka 4.000 gefundenen Publikationen erfüllten 45 kontrollierte Evaluationen die Einschlusskriterien. Diese betrafen insgesamt 4.213 Personen. Meistens wurden Elternkurse evaluiert; zu anderen Maßnahmen wie Eltern-Kind-Gruppen oder Geburtsvorbereitungskursen fanden wir kaum kontrollierte Studien. Ergebnisse. Es ergab sich ein signifikant positiver mittlerer Effekt (d = .35), der auch in den Follow up-Analysen weitgehend bestehen blieb. Die Effekte auf das elterliche Erziehungsverhalten waren größer als die Veränderungen beim Kind. Außerdem zeigten sich größere Effekte bei gezielter vs. universeller Prävention, kleineren vs. größeren Stichproben und methodisch schwächer vs. stärker kontrollierten Studien. Schlussfolgerungen. Insgesamt ähneln die Ergebnisse jenen internationaler Meta-Analysen, doch sind in Deutschland noch mehr gut kontrollierte und langfristige Evaluationen erforderlich.
Calcium flux-independent NMDA receptor activity is required for Aβ oligomer-induced synaptic loss
Authors: Birnbaum J H , Bali J , Rajendran L , Nitsch R M , Tackenberg C
Published: June 2015

Synaptic loss is one of the major features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and correlates with the degree of dementia. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have been shown to mediate downstream effects of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in AD models. NMDARs can trigger intracellular cascades via Ca2+ entry, however, also Ca2+-independent (metabotropic) functions of NMDARs have been described. We aimed to determine whether ionotropic or metabotropic NMDAR signaling is required for the induction of synaptic loss by Aβ. We show that endogenous Aβ as well as exogenously added synthetic Aβ oligomers induced dendritic spine loss and reductions in pre- and postsynaptic protein levels in hippocampal slice cultures. Synaptic alterations were mitigated by blocking glutamate binding to NMDARs using NMDAR antagonist APV, but not by preventing ion flux with Ca2+ chelator BAPTA or open-channel blockers MK-801 or memantine. Aβ increased the activity of p38 MAPK, a kinase involved in long-term depression and inhibition of p38 MAPK abolished the loss of dendritic spines. Aβ-induced increase of p38 MAPK activity was prevented by APV but not by BAPTA, MK-801 or memantine treatment highlighting the role of glutamate binding to NMDARs but not Ca2+ flux for synaptic degeneration by Aβ. We further show that treatment with the G protein inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX) did not prevent dendritic spine loss in the presence of Aβ oligomers. Our data suggest that Aβ induces the activation of p38 MAPK and subsequent synaptic loss through Ca2+ flux- and G protein-independent mechanisms.
Light-induced crawling of crystals on a glass surface
Authors: Uchida Emi , Azumi Reiko , Norikane Yasuo
Published: June 2015

Motion is an essential process for many living organisms and for artificial robots and machines. To date, creating self-propelled motion in nano-to-macroscopic-sized objects has been a challenging issue for scientists. Herein, we report the directional and continuous motion of crystals on a glass surface when irradiated simultaneously with two different wavelengths, using simple azobenzenes as a photoresponsive organic compound. The direction of the motion can be controlled by the position of the light sources, and the crystals can even climb vertical surfaces. The motion is driven by crystallization and melting at the front and rear edges of the crystal, respectively, via photochemical conversion between the crystal and liquid phases induced by the trans–cis isomerization of azobenzenes. This finding could lead to remote-controlled micrometre-sized vehicles and valves on solid substrates.
Exosome-delivered microRNAs modulate the inflammatory response to endotoxin
Authors: Alexander Margaret , Hu Ruozhen , Runtsch Marah C. , Kagele Dominique A. , Mosbruger Timothy L. , Tolmachova Tanya , Seabra Miguel C. , Round June L. , Ward Diane M. , O’Connell Ryan M.
Published: June 2015

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally and function within the cells in which they are transcribed. However, recent evidence suggests that microRNAs can be transferred between cells and mediate target gene repression. We find that endogenous miR-155 and miR-146a, two critical microRNAs that regulate inflammation, are released from dendritic cells within exosomes and are subsequently taken up by recipient dendritic cells. Following uptake, exogenous microRNAs mediate target gene repression and can reprogramme the cellular response to endotoxin, where exosome-delivered miR-155 enhances while miR-146a reduces inflammatory gene expression. We also find that miR-155 and miR-146a are present in exosomes and pass between immune cells in vivo, as well as demonstrate that exosomal miR-146a inhibits while miR-155 promotes endotoxin-induced inflammation in mice. Together, our findings provide strong evidence that endogenous microRNAs undergo a functional transfer between immune cells and constitute a mechanism of regulating the inflammatory response.
Parts-per-million level loading organocatalysed enantioselective silylation of alcohols
Authors: Park Sang Yeon , Lee Ji-Woong , Song Choong Eui
Published: June 2015

The field of organocatalysis has blossomed over the past few decades, becoming an alternative to transition-metal catalysis or even replacing the realm of transition-metal catalysis. However, a truly powerful organocatalyst with a high turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) while retaining high enantioselectivity is yet to be discovered. Similar to metal catalysis, extremely low catalyst loading (p.p.m. or p.p.b. levels) is the ultimate goal of the organocatalysis community. Herein we report a remarkable contribution in this context: 1 p.p.m. loading of a simple 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol-based organocatalyst was enough to achieve highly enantioselective silylation reactions of alcohols. The unprecedented TONs and excellent enantioselectivity are ascribed to the robustness of the catalyst and systematic cooperative hydrogen-bonding organocatalysis in a densely confined chiral space.
Cocaine-mediated impact on HIV infection in humanized BLT mice
Authors: Kim Sohn G. , Lowe Emily L. , Dixit Dhaval , Seyeon Youn Cindy , Kim Irene J. , Jung James B. , Rovner Robert , Zack Jerome A. , Vatakis Dimitrios N.
Published: June 2015

Cocaine abuse has been shown to have broad-ranging effects on human immunity. With regards to HIV infection, in vitro studies have shown that cocaine enhances infection of stimulated lymphocytes. Moreover, cohort studies in the pre- and post-HAART era have linked stimulant abuse with increased HIV pathogenesis. The latter data, however, have been undermined by a series of confounding factors underscoring the importance of controlled in vivo models to fully assess the impact of cocaine use and abuse on HIV infection and pathogenesis. Here, we have infected humanized mice with HIV-1 following acute cocaine exposure to assess the impact on infection. Stimulant exposure resulted in increased inflammatory cytokine expression, accelerated HIV infection, while blunting effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These data demonstrate cocaine’s multifactorial impact on HIV infection that extends beyond high-risk behavior.
Coadministration of indomethacin and minocycline attenuates established paclitaxel-induced neuropathic thermal hyperalgesia: Involvement of cannabinoid CB1 receptors
Authors: Parvathy Subramanian S. , Masocha Willias
Published: June 2015

Taxanes such as paclitaxel, which are chemotherapeutic drugs, cause dose-dependent painful neuropathy in some patients. We investigated whether coadministration of minocycline and indomethacin produces antinociceptive effects in mice with paclitaxel-induced neuropathic thermal hyperalgesia and if the cannabinoid system is involved. Previously, we reported that coadministration of these two drugs results in antinociception against inflammatory pain at doses where either drug alone lack significant activity. In the current study, we observed that treatment of female mice with indomethacin or minocycline alone did not affect established paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia, whereas coadministration of the two drugs attenuated it. In male mice indomethacin had some antihyperalgesic activity, whilst minocycline did not. Coadministration of the two drugs had supraadditive antihyperalgesic activity in male mice. Administration of a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251 blocked the antihyperalgesic effects of the combination of minocycline and indomethacin in both male and female mice. In conclusion our results indicate that coadministration of minocycline and indomethacin abrogates established paclitaxel-induced neuropathic thermal hyperalgesia in mice and the potentiation of the antinociceptive effects of this combination involves the cannabinoid system.
Soil type recognition as improved by genetic algorithm-based variable selection using near infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares discriminant analysis
Authors: Xie Hongtu , Zhao Jinsong , Wang Qiubing , Sui Yueyu , Wang Jingkuan , Yang Xueming , Zhang Xudong , Liang Chao
Published: June 2015

Soil types have traditionally been determined by soil physical and chemical properties, diagnostic horizons and pedogenic processes based on a given classification system. This is a laborious and time consuming process. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can comprehensively characterize soil properties and may provide a viable alternative method for soil type recognition. Here, we presented a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) method based on the NIR spectra for the accurate recognition of the types of 230 soil samples collected from farmland topsoils (0–10 cm), representing 5 different soil classes (Albic Luvisols, Haplic Luvisols, Chernozems, Eutric Cambisols and Phaeozems) in northeast China. We found that the PLSDA had an internal validation accuracy of 89% and external validation accuracy of 83% on average, while variable selection with the genetic algorithm (GA and GA-PLSDA) improved this to 92% and 93%. Our results indicate that the GA variable selection technique can significantly improve the accuracy rate of soil type recognition using NIR spectroscopy, suggesting that the proposed methodology is a promising alternative for recognizing soil types using NIR spectroscopy.
Failure dynamics of the global risk network
Authors: Szymanski Boleslaw K. , Lin Xin , Asztalos Andrea , Sreenivasan Sameet
Published: June 2015

Risks threatening modern societies form an intricately interconnected network that often underlies crisis situations. Yet, little is known about how risk materializations in distinct domains influence each other. Here we present an approach in which expert assessments of likelihoods and influence of risks underlie a quantitative model of the global risk network dynamics. The modeled risks range from environmental to economic and technological and include difficult to quantify risks, such as geo-political and social. Using the maximum likelihood estimation, we find the optimal model parameters and demonstrate that the model including network effects significantly outperforms the others, uncovering full value of the expert collected data. We analyze the model dynamics and study its resilience and stability. Our findings include such risk properties as contagion potential, persistence, roles in cascades of failures and the identity of risks most detrimental to system stability. The model provides quantitative means for measuring the adverse effects of risk interdependencies and the materialization of risks in the network.
Puberty timing associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and also diverse health outcomes in men and women: the UK Biobank study
Authors: Day Felix R , Elks Cathy E , Murray Anna , Ong Ken K , Perry John R.B.
Published: June 2015

Early puberty timing is associated with higher risks for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease in women and therefore represents a potential target for early preventive interventions. We characterised the range of diseases and other adverse health outcomes associated with early or late puberty timing in men and women in the very large UK Biobank study. Recalled puberty timing and past/current diseases were self-reported by questionnaire. We limited analyses to individuals of White ethnicity (250,037 women; 197,714 men) and to disease outcomes with at least 500 cases (~0·2% prevalence) and we applied stringent correction for multiple testing (corrected threshold P < 7.48 × 10–5). In models adjusted for socioeconomic position and adiposity/body composition variables, both in women and men separately, earlier puberty timing was associated with higher risks for angina, hypertension and T2D. Furthermore, compared to the median/average group, earlier or later puberty timing in women or men was associated with higher risks for 48 adverse outcomes, across a range of cancers, cardio-metabolic, gynaecological/obstetric, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and neuro-cognitive categories. Notably, both early and late menarche were associated with higher risks for early natural menopause in women. Puberty timing in both men and women appears to have a profound impact on later health.
A hybrid computational model to predict chemotactic guidance of growth cones
Authors: Roccasalvo Iolanda Morana , Micera Silvestro , Sergi Pier Nicola
Published: June 2015

The overall strategy used by growing axons to find their correct paths during the nervous system development is not yet completely understood. Indeed, some emergent and counterintuitive phenomena were recently described during axon pathfinding in presence of chemical gradients. Here, a novel computational model is presented together with its ability to reproduce both regular and counterintuitive axonal behaviours. In this model, the key role of intracellular calcium was phenomenologically modelled through a non standard Gierer-Meinhardt system, as a crucial factor influencing the growth cone behaviour both in regular and complex conditions. This model was able to explicitly reproduce neuritic paths accounting for the complex interplay between extracellular and intracellular environments, through the sensing capability of the growth cone. The reliability of this approach was proven by using quantitative metrics, numerically supporting the similarity between in silico and biological results in regular conditions (control and attraction). Finally, the model was able to qualitatively predict emergent and counterintuitive phenomena resulting from complex boundary conditions.
A novel role of ethephon in controlling the noxious weed Ipomoea cairica (Linn.) Sweet
Authors: Sun Zhong-Yu , Zhang Tai-Jie , Su Jin-Quan , Soon Chow Wah , Liu Jia-Qin , Chen Li-Ling , Li Wei-Hua , Peng Shao-Lin , Peng Chang-Lian
Published: June 2015

Several auxin herbicides, such as 2, 4-D and dicamba, have been used to eradicate an exotic invasive weed Ipomoea cairica in subtropical China, but restraining the re-explosion of this weed is still a challenge. Since ethylene is one of the major intermediate functioning products during the eradication process, we explored the possibility, mechanism and efficiency of using ethephon which can release ethylene to control Ipomoea cairica. The results of the pot experiment showed that 7.2 g /L ethephon could totally kill Ipomoea cairica including the stems and roots. The water culture experiment indicated that ethephon released an abundance of ethylene directly in leaves and caused increases in electrolyte leakage, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2 and decreases in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity, finally leading to the death of Ipomoea cairica. The field experiment showed that the theoretical effective concentration of ethephon for controlling Ipomoea cairica (weed control efficacy, WCE = 98%) was 4.06 g/L and the half inhibitory concentration (I50) was 0.56 g/L. More than 50% of the accompanying species were insensitive to the phytotoxicity of ethephon. Therefore, ethephon is an excellent alternative herbicide for controlling Ipomoea cairica.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Rapid visual detection of blood cyanide”’ by A. F. Kadjo, P. K. Dasgupta and G. R. Boss, Analytical Methods, 2015, 7, DOI: 10.1039/C4AY00190G
Authors: Aebersold Christine , Zelder Felix
Published: June 2015

It is now experimentally demonstrated that the two step protocol for visual detection of blood cyanide detects ‘free’, but not transition metal bound cyanide.
Microheterogeneity within conformational states of ubiquitin revealed by high resolution trapped ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Ridgeway Mark E. , Silveira Joshua A. , Meier Jacob E. , Park Melvin A.
Published: June 2015

The present work employs trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) for the analysis of ubiquitin ions known to display a multitude of previously unresolved interchangeable conformations upon electrospray ionization.
Quantitation of thiol metabolites from mammalian cells using fluorous tagging and HILIC-MS
Authors: Esch Caroline , Hui Dawn S. , Lee Richard , Edwards James L.
Published: June 2015

Oxidative stress diminishes reduced thiols by decreasing their production or by forming disulfide bonds.
Screening and authentication of herbal formulations based on microextraction-assisted voltammetry of microparticles
Authors: Martini Mariele , Machado de Carvalho Leandro , Blasco-Blasco Adela , Doménech-Carbó Antonio
Published: June 2015

A simple solid state electrochemical methodology for screening and authentication of herbal formulations is described.
Synthesis of disulfide-based biodegradable bridged silsesquioxane nanoparticles for two-photon imaging and therapy of cancer cells
Authors: Croissant Jonas G. , Mauriello-Jimenez Chiara , Maynadier Marie , Cattoën Xavier , Wong Chi Man Michel , Raehm Laurence , Mongin Olivier , Blanchard-Desce Mireille , Garcia Marcel , Gary-Bobo Magali , Maillard Philippe , Durand Jean-Olivier
Published: June 2015

Biodegradable bridged silsesquioxane nanoparticles for two-photon imaging and therapy of cancer cells are described.
Approaching the limit of CuII/CuI mixed valency in a CuIBr2–N-methylquinoxalinium hybrid compound
Authors: Leblanc Nicolas , Sproules Stephen , Pasquier Claude , Auban-Senzier Pascale , Raffy Helene , Powell Annie K.
Published: June 2015

We present a novel 1D hybrid salt (MQ)[CuBr2]∞ (MQ = N-methylquinoxalinium) containing less than 0.1% CuII and yet shows properties consistent with a mixed valent structure.
Glycosylation enhances the aqueous sensitivity and lowers the cytotoxicity of a naphthalimide zinc ion fluorescence probe
Authors: Dong Lei , Zang Yi , Zhou Dan , He Xiao-Peng , Chen Guo-Rong , James Tony D. , Li Jia
Published: June 2015

We have demonstrated that simple glycosylation of a fluorescence zinc ion probe by click chemistry enhances its aqueous sensitivity and targeting ability whilst reducing cytotoxicity.
Fluorination-dependent molecular orbital occupancy in ring-shaped perfluorocarbons
Authors: Brandenburg Tim , Petit Tristan , Neubauer Antje , Atak Kaan , Nagasaka Masanari , Golnak Ronny , Kosugi Nobuhiro , Aziz Emad F.
Published: June 2015

Carbon K-edge absorption and emission spectra of liquid decalin are presented and compared to perfluorodecalin. A molecular orbital change from unoccupied to occupied orbitals induced through the fluorination process was observed.
Correction: Developments and recent advancements in the field of endogenous amino acid selective bond forming reactions for bioconjugation
Authors: Koniev Oleksandr , Wagner Alain
Published: June 2015

Correction for ‘Developments and recent advancements in the field of endogenous amino acid selective bond forming reactions for bioconjugation’ by Oleksandr Koniev et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00048c.
Solvent-free heterogeneous catalysis for cyanosilylation in a dynamic cobalt-MOF
Authors: Cui Xin , Xu Mei-Chen , Zhang Ling-Juan , Yao Ru-Xin , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: June 2015

The terminal coordinated water molecule has been successfully removed in a butterfly-like cobalt cluster based 3D frameworks by SCSC transformation, which can efficiently heterogeneous catalyze cyanosilylation of aldehydes and exhibit size-selectivity effect under solvent-free conditions.
Spontaneous preparation of hierarchically porous silica monoliths with uniform spherical mesopores confined in a well-defined macroporous framework
Authors: Guo Xingzhong , Wang Rui , Yu Huan , Zhu Yang , Nakanishi Kazuki , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Yang Hui
Published: June 2015

Uniform spherical mesopores were successfully prepared by combining polymerization-induced phase separation with an epoxide-mediated sol–gel route.
Phase transition characteristics and associated piezoelectricity of potassium-sodium niobate lead-free ceramics
Authors: Wang Yuanyu , Hu Liang , Zhang Qilong , Yang Hui
Published: June 2015

To achieve high piezoelectric activity and a wide sintering temperature range, the ceramic system concerning (1 − x)(K0.48Na0.52)(Nb0.96Sb0.04)O3–x[Bi0.5(Na0.7Ag0.3)0.5]0.90 Zn0.10ZrO3 was designed, and the rhombohedral–tetragonal (R–T) phase boundary can drive a high d33.
Protonation effect on ligands in EuL: a luminescent switcher for fast naked-eye detection of HCl
Authors: Zhang Jun , Yang Wen-Bin , Wu Xiao-Yuan , Kuang Xiao-Fei , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: June 2015

We report a luminescent lanthanide coordination polymer EuL which shows fast turn-off response to HCl vapor. This results from the energy change of the ligand excited state along with the protonation effect which renders the ligands unable to act as efficient antennae for Eu3+ characteristic emission.
A new cube-based dodecanuclear cobalt(ii) cluster with azide and tetrazolate ligands exhibiting ferromagnetic ordering
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Mei , Li Peng , Gao Wei , Liu Jie-Ping , Gao En-Qing
Published: June 2015

A novel Co12 cluster was composed of three identical Co4 cubane units bridged by μ6-CO32− and tetrazolate bridges and exhibits long-range ferromagnetic ordering at about 9 K.
Rapid and sensitive detection of antibiotic resistance on a programmable digital microfluidic platform
Authors: Kalsi Sumit , Valiadi Martha , Tsaloglou Maria-Nefeli , Parry-Jones Lesley , Jacobs Adrian , Watson Rob , Turner Carrie , Amos Robert , Hadwen Ben , Buse Jonathan , Brown Chris , Sutton Mark , Morgan Hywel
Published: June 2015

An automated, rapid and sensitive detection system for antibiotic resistance encoding genes on an active matrix digital microfluidic platform.
Reversible thermo-pneumatic valves on centrifugal microfluidic platforms
Authors: Aeinehvand Mohammad Mahdi , Ibrahim Fatimah , Harun Sulaiman Wadi , Kazemzadeh Amin , Rothan Hussin A. , Yusof Rohana , Madou Marc
Published: June 2015

Reversible thermo-pneumatic valves (RTPVs) manipulate thermal energy to reversibly block or open microchannels. The valves prevent the evaporation of reagents during thermocycling periods. The cartridge is used for sequential aliquoting to prepare multiple PCR reaction mixtures for the detection of the Dengue virus.
Synthesis and characterization of bis(amidate) rare-earth metal amides and their application in catalytic addition of amines to carbodiimides
Authors: Cheng Hao , Xiao Yang , Lu Chengrong , Zhao Bei , Wang Yaorong , Yao Yingming
Published: June 2015

Five bis(amidate) rare-earth metal amides were successfully employed in guanidination, and the Nd-based catalyst showed the highest reactivity.
An efficient synthesis of isoquinolines via rhodium-catalyzed direct C–H functionalization of arylhydrazines
Authors: Zhang Sai , Huang Daorui , Xu Guangyang , Cao Shengyu , Wang Rong , Peng Shiyong , Sun Jiangtao
Published: June 2015

Rhodium-catalyzed C–H bond activation of arylhydrazines and coupling with internal alkynes has been realized.
Photolabile ROMP gels using ortho-nitrobenzyl functionalized crosslinkers
Authors: Hu Xiaoran , Shi Junfeng , Thomas Samuel W.
Published: June 2015

The photosensitivity of ROMP gels to UV light is broadly tunable based on the structure of o-nitrobenzyl-derived crosslinkers.
Carboxylate-assisted ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed C–H activations of monodentate amides with conjugated alkenes
Authors: Li Jie , Ackermann Lutz
Published: June 2015

Carboxylate assistance enabled efficient and chemoselective ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed hydroarylations of α,β-unsaturated ketones via C–H activation on monodentate benzamides.
Synthesis and performance of itaconic acid/acrylamide/sodium styrene sulfonate as a self-adapting retarder for oil well cement
Authors: Zhang Hongxu , Zhuang Jia , Huang Sheng , Cheng Xiaowei , Hu Qichao , Guo Qipeng , Guo Jiang
Published: June 2015

Synthesis and performances of itaconic acid/acrylamide/sodium styrene sulfonate as a self-adapting retarder for oil well cement.
AgAl alloy electrode for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Luo Yudan , Chen Xiaohong , Zhang Chenxi , Li Junjie , Shi Jianhua , Sun Zhuo , Wang Zhongchang , Huang Sumei
Published: June 2015

We demonstrate an efficient mixed halide perovskite solar cell employing a thermally evaporated AgAl alloy as a back electrode.
Enhanced cycling performance of the Li4Ti5O12anode in an ethers electrolyte induced by a solid–electrolyte interphase film
Authors: Zhu Yuxuan , Qiu Jingxia , Huang Yueqing , Wang Po , Lai Chao
Published: June 2015

Uniform solid–electrolyte interphase film can be generated on the surface of the Li4Ti5O12anode in ethers electrolyte with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide as the lithium salt, leading to enhanced cycling stability and rate performance.
Dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified by rosemary acid into poly(vinyl alcohol) and preparation of their composite fibers
Authors: Zhang Pei , Zhou Tengfei , He Liucheng , Zhang Shiyu , Sun Jun , Wang Jianjun , Qin Chuanxiang , Dai Lixing
Published: June 2015

MWCNTs were functionalized with RosA through π–π stacking and then blended with PVA to form PVA/m-MWCNT composites.
Tough biodegradable chitosan–gelatin hydrogels via in situ precipitation for potential cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Shen Zhi-Sen , Cui Xiang , Hou Rui-Xia , Li Qun , Deng Hong-Xia , Fu Jun
Published: June 2015

Chitosan/gelatin composite hydrogels with high strength are prepared by a precipitation method, possess controlled structures and biodegradability, support chondrocyte adhesion and growth, and may have potentials to cartilage tissue engineering.
Pyridine–triazole ligands for copper-catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidation
Authors: Thongkam Pech , Jindabot Sudarat , Prabpai Samran , Kongsaeree Palangpon , Wititsuwannakul Taveechai , Surawatanawong Panida , Sangtrirutnugul Preeyanuch
Published: June 2015

Effects of triazole configuration and substituents on reaction rates of aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde were investigated.
Au nanoparticle-embedded SiO2–Au@SiO2 catalysts with improved catalytic activity, enhanced stability to metal sintering and excellent recyclability
Authors: Jeong Uiseok , Joo Ji Bong , Kim Younghun
Published: June 2015

Au NP-embedded SiO2 (SiO2–Au@SiO2) particles with the improved molecule accessibility, catalyst stability and catalytic performance were successfully synthesized by post-treatments such as calcination and/or etching with water or ammonia.
Enzymatic synthesis of a DNA-templated alloy nanocluster and its application in a fluorescence immunoassay
Authors: Ye Tai , Li Chunying , Su Chen , Ji Xinghu , He Zhike
Published: June 2015

Enzymatic synthesis of a DNA-template nanocluster was developed for cancer biomarker detection.
Large scale synthesis and formation mechanism of highly magnetic and stable iron nitride (ε-Fe3N) nanoparticles
Authors: K. Rohith Vinod , Saravanan P. , Sakar M. , Vinod V. T. P. , Cernik Miroslav , Balakumar S.
Published: June 2015

We have demonstrated the large-scale synthesis of highly magnetic and stable iron nitride nanoparticles through nitridation of zero-valent iron nanoparticles.
Novel urchin-like Fe2O3@SiO2@TiO2 microparticles with magnetically separable and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Szeto Wai , Li Jiantao , Huang Haibao , Xuan Jin , Leung Dennis Y. C.
Published: June 2015

A novel 3D spiny nanostructured TiO2 photocatalyst with a γ-Fe2O3 core possesses good activity under UVC light, reusability and magnetically separable properties.
Indolocarbazole based small molecules: an efficient hole transporting material for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lim Iseul , Kim Eun-Kyung , Patil Supriya A. , Ahn Do Young , Lee Wonjoo , Shrestha Nabeen K. , Lee Joong Kee , Seok Won K. , Cho Cheon-Gyu , Han Sung-Hwan
Published: June 2015

Compared to Spiro-OMeTAD, an improved photovoltaic performance of the C12-carbazole based device is obtained due to the better hole extraction ability of the C12-carbazole.
A soluble molecular variant of the semiconducting silicondiselenide
Authors: Chandra Mondal Kartik , Roy Sudipta , Dittrich Birger , Maity Bholanath , Dutta Sayan , Koley Debasis , Vasa Suresh Kumar , Linser Rasmus , Dechert Sebastian , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: June 2015

Silicondiselenide is a semiconductor and exists as an insoluble polymer (SiSe2)nwhich is prepared by reacting elemental silicon with selenium powder in the temperature range of 400–850 °C.
Redox reaction induced Ostwald ripening for size- and shape-focusing of palladium nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Zhaorui , Wang Zhenni , He Shengnan , Wang Chaoqi , Jin Mingshang , Yin Yadong
Published: June 2015

Size- and shape-focusing of palladium nanocrystals have been successfully achieved through the Ostwald ripening process induced by a redox reaction.
Unified approach to prenylated indole alkaloids: total syntheses of (−)-17-hydroxy-citrinalin B, (+)-stephacidin A, and (+)-notoamide I
Authors: Mercado-Marin Eduardo V. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: June 2015

The first strategy that provides reverse-prenylated indole alkaloids that bear a characteristic bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane as well as those that lack this structural motif is reported.
Overcoming inactivation of the lung surfactant by serum proteins: a potential role for fluorocarbons?
Authors: Krafft Marie Pierre
Published: June 2015

Fluorocarbons can provide an innovative approach in the treatment of the acute respiratory distress syndrome by counteracting the inactivating effect of albuminvis-à-visthe lung surfactant.
Unusual triskelion patterns and dye-labelled GUVs: consequences of the interaction of cholesterol-containing linear-hyperbranched block copolymers with phospholipids
Authors: Scholtysek Peggy , Shah Syed W. H. , Müller Sophie S. , Schöps Regina , Frey Holger , Blume Alfred , Kressler Jörg
Published: June 2015

Interactions of phospholipid membranes with novel linear-hyperbranched block copolymers with a cholesterol anchor are studied.
Anomalous nano-barrier effects of ultrathin molybdenum disulfide nanosheets for improving the flame retardance of polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Dong , Song Lei , Zhou Keqing , Yu Xiaojuan , Hu Yuan , Wang Jian
Published: June 2015

Polymer/graphene-analogous nanosheet composites have great potential for improving their physical and mechanical properties during the past few years.
A subtractive approach to molecular engineering of dimethoxybenzene-based redox materials for non-aqueous flow batteries
Authors: Huang Jinhua , Su Liang , Kowalski Jeffrey A. , Barton John L. , Ferrandon Magali , Burrell Anthony K. , Brushett Fikile R. , Zhang Lu
Published: June 2015

The development of new high capacity redox active materials is key to realizing the potential of non-aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs).
The rise of hematite: origin and strategies to reduce the high onset potential for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Iandolo Beniamino , Wickman Björn , Zorić Igor , Hellman Anders
Published: June 2015

The prospect of large scale light-driven water splitting on hematite (Fe2O3) is currently hampered by the high electrochemical potential required to initiate the water oxidation.
Electrochemical behaviour of activated carbons obtained via hydrothermal carbonization
Authors: Salinas-Torres David , Lozano-Castelló Dolores , Titirici Maria Magdalena , Zhao Li , Yu Linghui , Morallón Emilia , Cazorla-Amoros Diego
Published: June 2015

Porous carbons were synthesised using hydrochars from low cost precursors. Electrochemical behaviour is influenced by synthesis conditions and precursors used.
Vanadium[ethyl tricyanoethylene carboxylate]x: a new organic-based magnet
Authors: Lu Yu , Yu Howard , Harberts Megan , Epstein Arthur J. , Johnston-Halperin Ezekiel
Published: June 2015

A new organic-based magnet withTcof 145 K is prepared and characterized and benchmarked against its analogues.
A high carrier-mobility crystalline silicon film directly grown on polyimide using SiCl4/H2 microwave plasma for flexible thin film transistors
Authors: Hsieh Ping-Yen , Lee Chi-Young , Tai Nyan-Hwa
Published: June 2015

Flexible Si-TFTs with a high carrier mobility of 106 cm2 V−1 s−1 are fabricated using SiCl4/H2 microwave plasma for the preparation of crystalline Si films.
Evaluation of solar modelling techniques through experiment on a 627 kWp photo-voltaic solar power plant at Edinburgh College—Midlothian Campus, Scotland
Authors: Jeffrey M. , Kelly I. , Muneer T. , Smith I.
Published: June 2015

The accuracy and applicability of existing methods of solar resource modelling and solar photovoltaic module performance are investigated in the case of a ground array installation at Edinburgh College, Midlothian Campus, the principal derived quantities consisting of slope irradiation, cell temperature, and cell efficiency. Experimental data were obtained on site through both automated and manual measurements for comparison with the calculated quantities. Results indicate that the horizontal-to-slope conversion models used are extremely accurate, with greater than 99% degree of confidence in the calculated results. Likewise, correlations between measured and calculated cell temperature were very high at up to 94%. Estimations of the cell efficiency and hence module output were less reliable, however, with only one of the models used, for one of the days studied, giving reasonable results. Efficiency values were, however, in the approximately correct range of 15%–20%.
Energy transport in the three coupled α-polypeptide chains of collagen molecule with long-range interactions effect
Authors: Mvogo Alain , Ben-Bolie G. H. , Kofané T. C.
Published: June 2015

The dynamics of three coupled α-polypeptide chains of a collagen molecule is investigated with the influence of power-law long-range exciton-exciton interactions. The continuum limit of the discrete equations reveal that the collagen dynamics is governed by a set of three coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, whose dispersive coefficient depends on the LRI parameter r. We construct the analytic symmetric and asymmetric (antisymmetric) soliton solutions, which match with the structural features of collagen related with the acupuncture channels. These solutions are used as initial conditions for the numerical simulations of the discrete equations, which reveal a coherent transport of energy in the molecule for r > 3. The results also indicate that the width of the solitons is a decreasing function of r, which help to stabilize the solitons propagating in the molecule. To confirm further the efficiency of energy transport in the molecule, the modulational instability of the system is performed and the numerical simulations show that the energy can flow from one polypeptide chain to another in the form of nonlinear waves.
Silicon carbide: A unique platform for metal-oxide-semiconductor physics
Authors: Liu Gang , Tuttle Blair R. , Dhar Sarit
Published: June 2015

A sustainable energy future requires power electronics that can enable significantly higher efficiencies in the generation, distribution, and usage of electrical energy. Silicon carbide (4H-SiC) is one of the most technologically advanced wide bandgap semiconductor that can outperform conventional silicon in terms of power handling, maximum operating temperature, and power conversion efficiency in power modules. While SiC Schottky diode is a mature technology, SiC power Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors are relatively novel and there is large room for performance improvement. Specifically, major initiatives are under way to improve the inversion channel mobility and gate oxide stability in order to further reduce the on-resistance and enhance the gate reliability. Both problems relate to the defects near the SiO2/SiC interface, which have been the focus of intensive studies for more than a decade. Here we review research on the SiC MOS physics and technology, including its brief history, the state-of-art, and the latest progress in this field. We focus on the two main scientific problems, namely, low channel mobility and bias temperature instability. The possible mechanisms behind these issues are discussed at the device physics level as well as the atomic scale, with the support of published physical analysis and theoretical studies results. Some of the most exciting recent progress in interface engineering for improving the channel mobility and fundamental understanding of channel transport is reviewed.
Structural stability and O2 dissociation on nitrogen-doped graphene with transition metal atoms embedded: A first-principles study
Authors: Yang Mingye , Wang Lu , Li Min , Hou Tingjun , Li Youyong
Published: June 2015

By using first-principles calculations, we investigate the structural stability of nitrogen-doped (N-doped) graphene with graphitic-N, pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N, and the transition metal (TM) atoms embedded into N-doped graphene. The structures and energetics of TM atoms from Sc to Ni embedded into N-doped graphene are studied. The TM atoms at N4V 2 forming a 4N-centered structure shows the strongest binding and the binding energies are more than 7 eV. Finally, we investigate the catalytic performance of N-doped graphene with and without TM embedding for O2 dissociation, which is a fundamental reaction in fuel cells. Compared to the pyridinic-N, the graphitic-N is more favorable to dissociate O2 molecules with a relatively low reaction barrier of 1.15 eV. However, the catalytic performance on pyridinic-N doped structure can be greatly improved by embedding TM atoms, and the energy barrier can be reduced to 0.61 eV with V atom embedded. Our results provide the stable structure of N-doped graphene and its potential applications in the oxygen reduction reactions.
Steroids affect gene expression, ciliary activity, glucose uptake, progesterone receptor expression and immunoreactive steroidogenic protein expression in equine oviduct explants in vitro
Authors: Nelis Hilde , Wojciechowicz Bartosz , Franczak Anita , Leemans Bart , D'Herde Katharina , Goossens Karen , Cornillie Pieter , Peelman Luc , Van Soom Ann , Smits Katrien
Published: June 2015

The oviduct undergoes dramatic functional and morphological changes throughout the oestrous cycle of the mare. To unravel the effects of steroids on the morphology, functionality and gene expression of the equine oviduct, an in vitro oviduct explant culture system was stimulated with physiological concentrations of progesterone and 17β-oestradiol. Four conditions were compared: unsupplemented preovulatory explants, preovulatory explants that were stimulated with postovulatory hormone concentrations, unsupplemented postovulatory explants and postovulatory explants that were stimulated with preovulatory hormone concentrations. The modulating effects of both steroids on oviduct explants were investigated and the following parameters examined: (1) ciliary activity, (2) glucose consumption and lactate production pattern, (3) ultrastructure, (4) mRNA expression of embryotrophic genes, (5) steroidogenic capacities of oviductal explants and (6) progesterone receptor expression. The present paper shows that the equine oviduct is an organ with potential steroidogenic capacities, which is highly responsive to local changes in progesterone and 17β-oestradiol concentrations at the level of morphology, functionality and gene expression of the oviduct. These data provide a basis to study the importance of endocrine and paracrine signalling during early embryonic development in the horse.
SIM.T-K9.1: Canada/Peru bilateral comparison of standard platinum resistance thermometers from 0.01 °C to 419.527 °C
Authors: Hill K D , Barrientos A , Guillen E
Published: June 2015

The Consultative Committee for Thermometry has organized Key Comparison 9 (CCT-K9) as an updated replacement for CCT-K3. A comparison of the fixed-point temperature standards of Peru with those of Canada was carried out following a protocol that closely resembles CCT-K9. The comparison was limited to the fixed points of tin and zinc, with NRC the pilot laboratory and the eventual link to CCT-K9 (currently, CCT-K9 remains a work in progress). The comparison protocol required INDECOPI to select, characterize, and transport (i.e. hand carry) the SPRTs to NRC. Following the measurements at NRC, the SPRTs were returned and re-measured at INDECOPI to close the loop and assess any changes that occurred in the SPRTs over the course of the measurements. The following degrees of equivalence, D, and expanded uncertainties, U (k = 2), were obtained via this comparison.

T / °C

D
INDECOPI / mK

U / mK

419.527

1.58

4.6

231.928

-2.12

3.9

SIM.T-K9.1 has demonstrated the compatibility of the fixed points of INDECOPI with those maintained by NRC within the combined uncertainties, and therefore serves to verify the intended calibration and measurement capabilities envisioned for INDECOPI, Peru. The results can be linked to NMIs globally following CCT-K9, with NRC as the linking participant.

Main text.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Introduction
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: June 2015

This chapter characterizes wasaṭiyya, or moderation, as an ethical virtue and an inter-civilizational concept that is valued not only in Islam but in most other world traditions as well. Islam elevates moderation by integrating it into a component part of its theology and ethics. The chapter draws attention to the renewed interest the subject has aroused in the aftermath of the nefarious September 2011 terrorist attacks, comments and reactions to those events by Muslim thought leaders and commentators, and the concern these individuals have shown over their negative impacts on relations between the Muslim countries and various nations throughout the West.
Hallmarks and Types of Extremism
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: June 2015

This chapter begins with a conceptual characterization of extremism and then outlines its principal indicators and types, such as the fanatic pursuit of one particular view. The extremist tends to be self-righteous, power-hungry, willing to inflict harm and hardship on others, and also inclined to confusing the essential with that which is subsidiary and negligible. The chapter then reviews and differentiates certain varieties of extremism from one another and illustrates them with relevant examples. There are references in this connection to Arab Spring, ISIS, Boko Haram, and Charlie Hebdo. Towards its conclusion, the chapter highlights a potential solution in decreasing the draw of extremism in the Muslim world. This solution includes efforts toward poverty eradication, job creation, and protection of the rights and dignity of all citizens.
Institutional Developments
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: June 2015

This chapter reviews the institutional developments and practical measures taken by Muslim countries and leaders in order to entrench wasaṭiyyah in the conduct of their domestic affairs and in their relations with the outside world. Almost all of the six institutional setups discussed in this chapter, alongside the two landmark initiatives, namely the Amman Message, and “A Common Word,” show the efforts that Muslims are making in developing a constructive conversation with other faith traditions and civilizations. The chapter also reviews three other developments, namely the Inter-Civilisational Dialogue initiative, the UN Alliance of Civilisations, and the Global Movement of Moderates.