bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mechanically stable and tunable cryogenic Fabry–Pérot microcavity
Authors: Fontana Y. , Zifkin R. , Janitz E. , Rodríguez Rosenblueth C. D. , Childress L.
Published: May 2021

High-finesse, open-geometry microcavities have recently emerged as a versatile tool for enhancing interactions between photons and material systems with a range of applications in quantum optics and quantum information science. However, mechanical vibrations pose a considerable challenge to their operation within a closed-cycle cryostat, particularly when spatial tunability and free-space optical access are required. Here, we present the design and characterization of a system that can achieve ∼16 pm-rms passive mechanical stability between two high-finesse mirrors with 34% duty cycle while permitting both three-dimensional positioning of the cavity mode and free-space confocal imaging. The design relies on two cascaded vibration isolation stages connected by leaf springs that decouple axial and lateral motion and incorporates tuned-mass and magnetic damping. Furthermore, we present a technique for quantifying cavity length displacements similar to or larger than the cavity linewidth, allowing for the in situ measurement of vibrations with and without active feedback. Our results facilitate operation of a tunable, high-finesse cavity within a closed-cycle cryostat, representing an enabling technology for cavity coupling to a variety of solid-state systems.
Experimental and numerical investigations of the characteristics of electron density in O2/Ar pulsed planar-coil-driven inductively coupled plasmas
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Xiao-Kun , Song Sha-Sha , Liu Yong-Xin , Gao Fei , Wang You-Nian , Zhao Yong-Tao
Published: May 2021

The characteristics of electron density (ne) in pulsed inductively coupled O2/Ar plasmas are investigated by means of a time-resolved hairpin probe and a two-dimensional (2D) hybrid model. A decrease in ne is found at the beginning of active-glow in the discharges with high pulse frequencies (i.e., 2 and 5 kHz with 50% duty cycle). The period of this ne decrement becomes shorter when decreasing the pulse frequency (i.e., 22 μs for 5 kHz but 11.5 μs for 2 kHz in the experimental results), and it finally becomes zero in 1 kHz discharge. Combined with the 2D hybrid model, the decrease in ne can be attributed to (i) the large consumption rate of electrons [mainly via the dissociative attachment of O2, O2(a1Δg), and O2M to generate O−] at the probe position and (ii) the axial electron flux toward the coils that arises at the start of active-glow. Also, hardly any of the high-energy electrons that are generated near the coils reach the probe position (P1) because of their short electron energy relaxation length (smaller than the reactor length L = 10 cm). Consequently, electron generation via ionization becomes unimportant at P1, and therefore, the increase in electron density during active-glow is dominated by the axial electron flux (toward the substrate). However, the temporal variation of electron density at P2 (close to the coils) differs greatly from that at P1 because the ionization processes dominate the electron generation during active-glow. The formation of the ne peak after the power is turned off can be attributed to the detachment of O−.
Chiral charge density waves induced by Ti-doping in 1T-TaS2
Authors: Gao J. J. , Zhang W. H. , Si J. G. , Luo X. , Yan J. , Jiang Z. Z. , Wang W. , Lv H. Y. , Tong P. , Song W. H. , Zhu X. B. , Lu W. J. , Yin Y. , Sun Y. P.
Published: May 2021

We investigate the Ti-doping effect on the charge density wave (CDW) of 1T-TaS2 by combining scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and first-principle calculations. Although the Ti-doping induced phase evolution seems regular with an increase of the doping concentration (x), an unexpected chiral CDW phase is observed in the sample with x = 0.08, in which Ti atoms almost fully occupy the central Ta atoms in the CDW clusters. The emergence of the chiral CDW is proposed to be from the doping-enhanced orbital order. Only when x = 0.08, the possible long-range orbital order can trigger the chiral CDW phase. Compared with other 3d-elements doped 1T-TaS2, the Ti-doping retains the electronic flatband and the corresponding CDW phase, which is a prerequisite for the emergence of chirality. We expect that introducing elements with a strong orbital character may induce a chiral charge order in a broad class of CDW systems. The present results open up another avenue for further exploring the chiral CDW materials.
Hot carrier relaxation and inhibited thermalization in superlattice heterostructures: The potential for phonon management
Authors: Esmaielpour Hamidreza , Durant Brandon K. , Dorman Kyle R. , Whiteside Vincent R. , Garg Jivtesh , Mishima Tetsuya D. , Santos Michael B. , Sellers Ian R. , Guillemoles Jean-François , Suchet Daniel
Published: May 2021

One of the main loss mechanisms in photovoltaic solar cells is the thermalization of photogenerated hot carriers via phonon-mediated relaxation. By inhibiting these relaxation mechanisms and reducing thermalization losses, it may be possible to improve the power conversion efficiency of solar cells beyond the single gap limit. Here, type-II InAs/AlAsSb multi-quantum well (MQW) structures are investigated to study the impact of the phononic properties of the AlAsSb barrier material in hot carrier thermalization. Experimental and theoretical results show that by increasing the barrier thickness (increasing the relative contribution of AlAsSb content in the superlattices), the relaxation of hot carriers is reduced as observed in power-dependent photoluminescence and thermalization analysis. This is attributed to an increase in the phononic bandgap of the MQW with increasing AlAsSb composition reducing the efficiency of the dominant Klemens mechanism as the phononic properties shift toward a more AlSb-like behavior.
Carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice cultivars affected by salt-alkaline stress
Authors: Guo Liying , Lu Yuya , Bao Shuying , Zhang Qiang , Geng Yanqiu , Shao Xiwen
Published: May 2021

Salt-alkaline stress generally leads to soil compaction and fertility decline. It also restricts rice growth and nutrient acquisition, so reduces rice yield. However, little is known about the effect of salt-alkaline stress on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of rice. In this study, two relatively salt-alkaline tolerant (Changbai 9 and Dongdao 12) and sensitive (Jinongda 138 and Tongyu 315) rice cultivars were grown in a field experiment conducted with two soil types including black soil and salt-alkaline soil to evaluate the characteristics of yield, carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice. Results showed that yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice greatly decreased under salt-alkaline stress. Changbai 9 (CB9) and Dongdao 12 (DD12) showed higher NUE than Jinongda 138 (JND138) and Tongyu 315 (TY315) under the salt-alkaline stress. Additionally, carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity and compound content were significantly affected by salt-alkali stress; different performances were observed between cultivars under salt-alkaline stress. In conclusion, our results indicate that salt-alkaline tolerant rice cultivars may have more stable carbon and nitrogen metabolism than sensitive genotypes under salt-alkaline conditions.
Corrigendum to: Identifying physiological and environmental influences on otolith chemistry in a coastal fishery species
Authors: Martino Jasmin C. , Doubleday Zoë A. , Fowler Anthony J. , Gillanders Bronwyn M.
Published: May 2021

Otolith (ear stone) chemistry provides powerful insights into the lives of fish. Although frequently used to reconstruct past environments, the influence of physiology remains unsettled. As such, we investigated the relationships between otolith chemistry, physiological factors and environmental factors in an iconic fishery species, snapper (Chrysophrys auratus). Lifetime otolith profiles were analysed of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes, and elemental concentrations of lithium (Li:Ca), magnesium (Mg:Ca), manganese (Mn:Ca), strontium (Sr:Ca), and barium (Ba:Ca). Mixed-effects modelling alongside a detailed literature review was used to investigate physiological (age, otolith growth rate, fish size, sex) and environmental influences (sea-surface temperature and chlorophyll-a) on otolith chemistry. Carbon isotopes and magnesium related to physiological factors, suggesting their potential as physiological proxies. Physiology also weakly related to strontium and lithium. By contrast, oxygen isotopes, barium, and manganese (except for natal signatures) were suggested to provide insights into past environments. Our study stresses the importance of consistency in biological characteristics for study designs, and highlights the potential of physiological proxies for distinguishing between populations in uniform water bodies. This study has not only reinforced our confidence in field applications of otolith chemistry, but has furthered our understanding of the influence of physiology.
Language and ethnobiological skills decline precipitously in Papua New Guinea, the world’s most linguistically diverse nation
Authors: Kik Alfred , Adamec Martin , Aikhenvald Alexandra Y. , Bajzekova Jarmila , Baro Nigel , Bowern Claire , Colwell Robert K. , Drozd Pavel , Duda Pavel , Ibalim Sentiko , Jorge Leonardo R. , Mogina Jane , Ruli Ben , Sam Katerina , Sarvasy Hannah , Saulei Simon , Weiblen George D. , Zrzavy Jan , Novotny Vojtech
Published: May 2021

Significance

Around the world, more than 7,000 languages are spoken, most of them by small populations of speakers in the tropics. Globalization puts small languages at a disadvantage, but our understanding of the drivers and rate of language loss remains incomplete. When we tested key factors causing language attrition among Papua New Guinean students speaking 392 different indigenous languages, we found an unexpectedly rapid decline in their language skills compared to their parents and predicted further acceleration of language loss in the next generation. Language attrition was accompanied by decline in the traditional knowledge of nature among the students, pointing to an uncertain future for languages and biocultural knowledge in the most linguistically diverse place on Earth.
Steering the governance of artificial intelligence: national strategies in perspective
Authors: Radu Roxana
Published: May 2021

As more and more governments release national strategies on artificial intelligence (AI), their priorities and modes of governance become more clear. This study proposes the first comprehensive analysis of national approaches to AI from a hybrid governance perspective, reflecting on the dominant regulatory discourses and the (re)definition of the public-private ordering in the making. It analyses national strategies released between 2017 and 2019, uncovering the plural institutional logics at play and the public-private interaction in the design of AI governance, from the drafting stage to the creation of new oversight institutions. Using qualitative content analysis, the strategies of a dozen countries (as diverse as Canada and China) are explored to determine how a hybrid configuration is set in place. The findings show a predominance of ethics-oriented rather than rule-based systems and a strong preference for functional indetermination as deliberate properties of hybrid AI governance.
Sensitivity of heavy-ion-induced single event burnout in SiC MOSFET
Authors: Zhang Hong , Guo Hong-Xia , Zhang Feng-Qi , Pan Xiao-Yu , Liu Yi-Tian , Gu Zhao-Qiao , Ju An-An , Ouyang Xiao-Ping
Published: May 2021

The energy deposition and electrothermal behavior of SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) under heavy ion radiation are investigated based on Monte Carlo method and TCAD numerical simulation. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that the density of heavy ion-induced energy deposition is the largest in the center of the heavy ion track. The time for energy deposition in SiC is on the order of picoseconds. The TCAD is used to simulate the single event burnout (SEB) sensitivity of SiC MOSFET at four representative incident positions and four incident depths. When heavy ions strike vertically from SiC MOSFET source electrode, the SiC MOSFET has the shortest SEB time and the lowest SEB voltage with respect to direct strike from the epitaxial layer, strike from the channel, and strike from the body diode region. High current and strong electric field simultaneously appear in the local area of SiC MOSFET, resulting in excessive power dissipation, further leading to excessive high lattice temperature. The gate–source junction area and the substrate–epitaxial layer junction area are both the regions where the SiC lattice temperature first reaches the SEB critical temperature. In the SEB simulation of SiC MOSFET at different incident depths, when the incident depth does not exceed the device’s epitaxial layer, the heavy-ion-induced charge deposition is not enough to make lattice temperature reach the SEB critical temperature.
Early-stage bone regeneration of hyaluronic acid supplemented with porous 45s5 bioglass-derived granules: an injectable system
Authors: Im Soo Bin , Tripathi Garima , Le Thi Thao Thanh , Lee Byong Taek
Published: May 2021

In the present study, an injectable bone substitute system which utilized porous bioglass (BG)-derived granules supplemented with hyaluronic acid (Hya), was evaluated. Hya plays ultimate role in wound healing, promoting cell motility. The BG were synthesized by a simple and low sintering temperature process without any foreign phase incorporation. Furthermore, the physical properties in the porous scaffold were optimized to investigate the in vitro and in vivo performance. The porous BG60 scaffolds system showed excellent bioactivity in an in vitro simulated body fluid test in which the ions dissolved from the composite materials influenced apatite growth, countered the acidic pH, and increased material degradation. In an in vitro study with pre-osteoblasts cells (MC3T3-E1), the porous scaffold supported cell adhesion and proliferation. A post-implantation study conducted in femoral defects showed implant degradation and surprisingly fast bone formation just after 2 weeks of implantation. Initial in vivo degradation of Hya promotes releasing ions which regulates the bone forming cells, clues to tissue repair, and regeneration. On the other hand it also prevent the scattering of BG granule after grafting at implant site. The faster dissolution of the porous BG scaffold increased the resorption of the composite material and hence, facilitated bone tissue regeneration. Our findings suggest that the porous BG scaffold could potentially be used as an injectable bone substitute for fast, early bone regeneration applications.
General assessment on the sensory properties of traditional cuisine from java island after canning process
Authors: Nurhikmat A , Susanto A , Kusumaningrum A , Amri A F , Suratno  , Amdani R Z , Prayogi S
Published: May 2021

Canning process is the packaging method using cans packaging. The sterilization is main step in the canning process that is operated on temperature 121°C and time of 15 minutes. Thermal process on 121°C caused the changes of sensory properties in food products. Therefore, this study observed that the effect of canning process to sensory properties in traditional foods. The method of this study using panellist form to evaluate sensory properties of food before and after canning process. Parameters in form evaluation were aroma, colour, taste, texture and overall. Panellists involved i.e. packaging research team and traditional food restaurant owners. The result showed that canning process changes overall sensory properties attributes on food products to be more interesting. The colour of food product seen colourful and interesting with attribute score of 4-5, taste of food product more pervasive in main ingredient with score of 4, more flavourful aroma with score of 4-5 and more ripe texture with the score of 4.
The effects of seaweed-based coating application on the respiration rate of shallots (Allium cepa l) during storage
Authors: Wibisono R A , Bintoro N
Published: May 2021

In the postharvest handling of fresh products, coating is known as one of the preservation methods to lengthen shelf life. However, coating materials are still very difficult to find in Indonesia, more researches are still needed to explore indigenous materials to produce coating material. This research was intended to develop coating material based on seaweed flour (carrageenan) and to study the effect of its application on the respiration rate of shallot (Allium cepa L) during storage period. Coating material was produced in two different concentrations of carrageenan that were 0,5 and 0,75%. Fresh shallots as the samples were coated then loaded in the respirometer and stored at temperatures of 15°C and 28°C for 15 days storage periods. Uncoated shallots were also investigated as the control. Oxygen and carbon dioxide changes were monitored using O2 and CO2 Gas Analyzer (Quantek 902D) every day. It was found that the changes in gas composition inside the respirometer were found to vary for each coating materials and storage temperatures. Coated shallots showed lower respiration rates as compared to the control. Arrhenius equation could satisfactorily represent the effect of storage temperature on the respiration rate of the shallots.
Biological control of white grubs (Lepidiota stigma L; Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) with entomopathogenic nematodes and fungus Metharizium anisopliae (Metsch)
Authors: Wagiyana  , Habriantono B , Alfarisy F K
Published: May 2021

Biological Control Agents (BCA) Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPn) Heterorhabditis spp. and fungi Metarhizium anisopliae have been known to control the major pests of sugarcane and cassava, namely the white grub larvae Lepidiota stigma L. This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of biological control agents for controlling three species of pests: L.stigma, Galleria melonella, and Tenebrio molitor. We tracked larval mortality for 24, 48, and 72 hours after the initial inoculation. Similarly, organic fertilizer mixed with the fungus M. anisopliae (in a 25-L pot) was tested on the larvae. The results showed that entomopathogenic nematodes were effective in killing 100% of L.stigma larvae pests, whereas M. anisopliae was only 10% effective. When organic fertilizer was mixed with both biological control agents types (nematode and fungi), mortality of the three larvae species reached 100% at a nematode concentration of 10 IJ-1000 ml. In contrast, M. anisopliae only caused 70% mortality at a concentration of 107 spores-L after 72 hours of inoculation. It was difficult to collect white grub larvae of L. stigma from the field. From May to June, the larvae were present in the ground at a depth of more than one meter in the soil and therefore it was hard to dig them out.
The role of endophytic bacteria and mycorrhizae fungus as plant growth inducer of white turmeric
Authors: Simarmata R , Nuriyanah  , Nurjanah L , Sylvia J R L , Widowati T
Published: May 2021

The use of endophytic bacteria and mycorrhizae fungus as plant growth inducer has been known. Endophytic bacteria could promote the growth of their host plant and Mycorrhizae could promote the growth of almost all species of plants. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of endophytic bacteria (Bacillus paramycoides KPU2, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae KPU4, Klebsiella pneumoniae KPR4.2, Burkholderia lata KPR8, Burkholderia metallica KPR9, and Kosakonia sachari KPD5), mycorrhizae fungus, and consortium both of the potential microbes on the growth of white turmeric. The experiment was set up at lath house for 10 months. The results of this study showed that single inoculation was better than that multi strains inoculation. Single endophytic bacteria inoculation and mycorrhizae inoculation produced the higher tuber dry weight of white turmeric (1059,33 gr and 918 gr, respectively). Endophytic bacteria were the most efficient inoculant compared to the other inoculant or treatment and significantly increased the number of leaf and sapling (14,33 and 2,83, respectively). The maximum plant height was observed in mycorrhizae inoculation (109,75 cm). Based on the microscopic observation of root infection, endophytic bacteria and mycorrhizae fungus could infected the root of white turmeric with the percentage of root infection is 25,55%. The results suggested that single endophytic bacteria and single mycorrhizae inoculation can be employed for plant growth inducer of white turmeric.
The performance of true seed of shallot (TSS) growth and production in East Java
Authors: Prahardini P E R , Fidiyawati E , Handayati W , Sudaryono T
Published: May 2021

True Seed Shallot (TSS) of shallot is shallot seed origin as solution of seed availability problem. Generally, farmers still use bulb seed for shallot production. This is because the aspect of shallot cultivation using TSS seed is still to be reviewed. The research objective was to known performance of growth and production of TSS in East Java. The Research was carried out in 2017 until 2018 at Probolinggo District and Batu city, using 2 (two) varieties, namely Trisula and Biru Lancor. The results showed that the growth phase of the Biru Lancor variety showed a better value than Trisula in each location with plant height (64.4 cm), number of leaves (78.2), number of tillers (14.5) and number of flowers (4,8). The generative phase showed that Trisula variety produced higher TSS yields but lower yields for bulb seed, whereas for Biru Lancor varieties the TSS yield was lower than bulb seed yields. Biru Lancor variety is also more resistant to environmental conditions but more susceptible to pest attack and the Trisula variety shows the opposite.
Effect of additive intercropping with peanut and organic-silicate-biofertilizer combinations on growth and yield of shallots
Authors: Wangiyana W , Ngawit I K , Farida N , Kisman
Published: May 2021

Allium crops including shallot have been reported to have a high dependency on symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and have a high requirement for fertilizers. This study aimed to examine the effects of additively intercropping shallot with peanut and application of different combinations of organic-silicate-mycorrhiza-bio-fertilizer on growth and yield of several varieties of shallots. The field experiment for this study was designed according to Split Split-Plot design, with three blocks and three treatment factors, namely additive intercropping as the main plots (T0 = without; T1 = with shallot-peanut intercropping), shallot varieties as the subplots (V1 = Bima Brebes; V2 = Ketamonca; V3 = Super Philip), and fertilizer combinations as the sub-subplots (P1 = NPKS fertilizer only; P2 = NPKS+organic+silicate; P3 = NPKS+organic+silicate+mycorrhiza bio-fertilizer). Results indicated that among the treatment factors, fertilizer combination showed the most significant effects on growth and yield of shallot, and both fertilizer combinations containing silicate and organic fertilizer (P2 and P3) significantly increased yield of shallot, especially the P3 fertilizer combination, which contained mycorrhiza bio-fertilizer. Although intercropping with peanut showed no significant effects on all observation variables, there was a significant three-way interaction effect on shallot yield, which indicated different responses between varieties to intercropping and fertilizer combinations, in which yield of Ketamonca (V2) was not affected by intercropping but yield of Bima Brebes (V1) was reduced by intercropping, whereas yield of Super Philip (V3) was increased by intercropping it with peanut, especially under fertilizer combination containing mycorrhiza bio-fertilizer (P3).
Analysis of the carrying capacity of food crop waste as contributive of beef cattle feed related to the availability of animal protein in Gorontalo District new normal adaptation period
Authors: Fadwiwati A Y , Surya
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity of food crop waste as a contributive beef cattle feed related to the availability of animal protein in the Gorontalo District during the new normal adaptation period. This research is a descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The data obtained is then calculated the carrying capacity of food crop waste for DM, CP, and TDN. The results obtained were for the highest land carrying capacity in the Pulubala Sub-District with a total DM of 24.473.48; total CP 1.535.739,09; and total TDN 1.889.619,27. While the lowest was in the Telaga Jaya Sub-District with a total DM of 280,67; total CP 15.887,20; and total TDN 19.863,70. This shows the ability in each Sub-District of Gorontalo District to produce feed, especially in the form of forage for beef cattle in fresh or dry form, without going through processing.
Streptomyces sp. has different effectify to control two different pathogens
Authors: Saputri E K P , Amalia D , Wahyuni W S
Published: May 2021

Soil microbes can act as biological agents to control pathogens, for example Streptomyces sp. which has known to produce secondary metabolites in the form of antibiotics that can inhibit the growth of several pathogenic fungi. If Streptomyces sp. sprayed to peanut leaves, it reduced the severity of disease of Gajah, Garuda, Kancil and Hypoma 1 varieties, which indicated by a high disease suppression with efficacy value more than 50%. Streptomyces sp. also inhibited 0.42% Fusarium oxysporum growth (moler pathogen) in vitro. However, in vivo assay, it did not suppress the development of moler disease which indicated by the high value of severity and infection rate, also low efficacy of disease suppression. So, this was an example that Streptomyces sp. was effective for controlling Cercospora leaf spot disease in peanut, but not effective to control moler disease in shallots.
The agronomy performance and financial feasibility of hybrid maize varieties for consumption and cattle feed in difference planting system
Authors: Adijaya I N , Budiari N L G , Sari A R K , Elizabeth P S
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to understand the agronomy performance and financial feasibility of young harvest hybrid maize for consumption and cattle feed in different planting system. Research was arranged by using Block Randomized Design with five treatments replicated for five times namely P1: Bima 20 URI variety by jajar legowo 2:1 planting system (100 cm x 50 cm x 20 cm and 1 seed/hole) ; P2: Bima 20 URI variety by jajar legowo 2:1 (100 cm x 50 cm x 40 cm and 2 seeds/hole) ; P3: Bima 20 URI variety by tandur jajar (80 cm x 40 cm and 2 seeds/hole) ; P4: Pertiwi variety by tandur jajar (80 cm x 40 cm and 2 seeds/hole) and P5: Pertiwi variety by farmer’s way. Results showed that the growth performance of all treatments were similar meanwhile treatments affected on the yield components. Jajar legowo 2:1 planting system in P1 and P2 increase the maize plant population up to 6.66% following by the yield increasing were 85.97% and 83.27% respectively compared to farmer’s way (P5). In additional, the carrying capacity of maize waste for cattle feed reached up to 47.13% (P1) and 43.78% (P2) by jajar legowo 2:1. The highest of B/C ratio was obtained from P2 (1.98) and P1 (1.68) by jajar legowo, following by P3 and P4 (1.59) and P5 (1.38) by tandur jajar. P1 and P2 treatments can be recommended to farmers in order to enhance the yield and income.
The entrepreneurship characters of water apple farmer in Wonosalam sub-district Demak regency, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati N , Rozaki Z , Manangsang M A , Triyono
Published: May 2021

Entrepreneurial character is needed to develop water apple farming in Wonosalam Sub-district, Demak Regency. This study aims to determine the entrepreneurial character of water apple farmers, factors that influence the characters, and the relationship between the character with production and income of water apple farming. Seventy two farmers were randomly interviewed. The research instrument was measured with a Likert scale of 1 to 5. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the factors that influence the character, Spearman rank was used to analyse the correlation between the character with production and income. Results showed that the entrepreneurial character of water apple farmers Wonosalam Sub-districts categorized strong. The entrepreneurial character of water apple farmers is influenced by skills, capital, market orientation, partners, and relationships that have a positively influence. The factors that have a negative effect are education, experience, and government support. The stronger the entrepreneurial character of the farmers, the higher the income level of apple farmers
Analysis of rice-cattle integrated system model to support increased farmer income in Buke district, South Konawe regency, Indonesia
Authors: Fyka S A , Limi M A , Batoa H , Yusria W O , Arif L O K , Slamet A , Salamah
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the application model of the rice-cattle integrated system implemented by lowland rice farmers and to know the further acceptance of lowland rice farmers by implementing the rice-cattle integrated system. The population of this study was all lowland rice farmers or 25 people who implemented the integrated system. Determining the number of samples determined by the census. For this reason, the sample size of the survey was 25 people. The types of data used are primary and secondary data. The data analysis used is a descriptive analysis and provides an overview of the application model for rice-cattle system integration and income analysis at the study site. As a result, it is shown the integrated system application model applied by lowland rice farmers, namely cow fertilizer used as rice fertilizer and rice straw used as bran for animal feed. The income is IDR 29,068,731 / year. This income comes from the sale of cows
Canning technology in traditional food: case study portrait of SMEs technology transfer product commercialization in Indonesia
Authors: Hendrix T , Nurhikmat A , Hidayat M , Anggita S
Published: May 2021

Emerging technologies in canning technology can preserve food within a certain period, mainly traditional foods with the development process of transfer technology. Through SMEs, the prospect of traditional food canning can use as a way out in increasing sustainable economic value. This research aims to illustrate the development of traditional food canning technology processes by transferring technology towards product commercialisation in SMEs. This research used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis through field study approaches, library studies, information tracing related to the development of traditional food canning processes through technology transfer stages. This study’s results are an overview of the best practices in traditional food canning products with their advantages and competitiveness. SMEs edified into canning technology training programs. The result is 2.38% resigning because of something; 2.38% expressed inability to participate in the transfer program, 14.29% participated in the re-program, and 80.95% were declared to have graduated from the technology transfer program. This study reveals information product canning technology for traditional food as reference and recommendation tailored to SMEs’ implementation.
Risk preference and choice of sugarcane planting method: are risk-taker farmers more likely to choose bud chip methods?
Authors: Zainuddin A , Wibowo R , Magfiroh I S , Setyawati I K , Rahman R Y
Published: May 2021

An effort to increase the productivity of sugarcane is by using the method of bud chips. Bud chip method has proven to improve the productivity of sugarcane and produce more cost-efficient, but still a few farmers who use it. This is due to higher production risk, and sugarcane farmers are still not technically skilled. This research aims to analyze the magnitude of the risk of sugar cane production with bud chip and conventional method and to know the characteristics of sugar cane farmers with bud chip and conventional method in facing production risk. The research was conducted in the working area of PTPN X company (Kediri Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia). The sample was taken incidentally by selecting 60 sugarcane farmers (20 farmers sugarcane with the bud chip method and 40 sugarcane farmers with the conventional method). The results showed that sugar cane farmers with the bud chip method have a higher risk of production than conventional methods; beside that, sugar cane farmers with bud chip method classified as a risk-taker and sugar cane farmers with conventional methods were risk averters. Intensive training and assistance from the sugar factory are needed to improve the application of bud chips at PTPN X company.
Farmer’s group dynamics on rice farming in using, legowo row planting system (jajar legowo system) in Ambulu sub district
Authors: Widjayanthi L , Ibanah I , Subekti S , Kusmiati A , Puspaningrum D , Novikarumsari N , Hapsari T D
Published: May 2021

Group dynamics provide an overview of the activities of farmer groups in cultivating the jajar legowo system. Group dynamics are analyzed based on group goals, group structure, task function, group coaching, group cohesiveness, group pressure, group work effectiveness, and hidden intentions. The purpose of this study was to determine the group dynamics in applying the Legowo row planting system on rice farming. The research area was determined purposively in Ambulu sub District. Determination of the research sample was carried out by simple random sampling on farmers and farmer group managers who planted rice using the Legowo row planting system. The number of research respondents was 65 people consisting of the group leader and group members.The results showed that 98.8% of all members stated that the dynamics of the farmer groups were at high criteria. The high dynamic of farmer groups because it got high criteria in some indicator such as group goals, group structure, task function, group coaching, group cohesiveness, group pressure and group effectiveness indicator while group atmosphere and group pressure indicator got moderate criteria regarding to the farmer’s groups dynamics on rice farming using legowo row planting system.
Effect of Guide Vane Openings and Different Flow Rates on Characteristics in Pump Mode of Pump-turbine with Splitter Blades
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Xiao Yajing , Jin Shibin , Cai Haikun , Song Haiqing
Published: May 2021

With the development of smart power grid, pumped storage has been developing on a large scale, and the pump-turbine with splitter blades is widely used. A combination of experimental and CFX numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the influence of guide vane openings on the flow characteristics in pump-turbine with splitter blades at different flow rates. The results show that change in the guide vane openings and flow rates have significant impacts on the internal flow characteristics in pump mode. The findings also revealed a poor flow stability in the condition of a small opening at a high flow rate and the condition of large opening at a low flow rate. Under the influence of pressure fluctuation, there exists local high-speed flow at the outlet of the draft tube and mid-span between the runner and the guide vane.
Numerical Investigation of the Flow Field and Aerodynamic Load on Impellers Under Radial Inlet Guide Vanes With Trailing Edge Blowing in Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Xin Jianchi , Liu Haitao , Tian Zhitao , Liu Xiangyang , Kong Xiaozhi , Wang Xiaofang
Published: May 2021

The radial inlet is a typical upstream component which is widely used in multiple-stage centrifugal compressors or blowers. Adding the guide vane in the radial inlet could improve the flow field along circumference distribution and increase the efficiency of the compressor as well. However, the guide vane in the radial inlet generates the wake which causes the Rotor-Stator-Interaction (RSI) and further raises the issue of impeller fatigue failure. In order to compensate the wake effect caused by the guide vane, the active control of trailing edge blowing (TEB) is adopted. Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, the radial inlets with unevenly distributed guide vanes (UGV) are considered. This study investigates the guide vane wake in a radial inlet with or without TEB, and aims to figure out the flow phenomenon in radial inlet and the aerodynamic load on the downstream impellers. The simulation results show that the trailing edge blowing has effect on the compressor performance and reduces the wake intensity. By conducting unsteady simulations, the aerodynamic load on the impeller’s leading edge is obtained for the radial inlets with or without TEB. The dominant frequency and the pulse amplitude are obtained by Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT). Compared with the UGV model, the TEB shows lower excitation at the harmonics of the impeller passing frequency, and has little influence on the amplitude at the impeller rotation frequency. It means the TEB could improve. the safety of the impeller under radial inlet guide vane condition.
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis and FTIR Analysis of Electrochemically Synthesized Graphene Oxide (GO)/Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)
Authors: Singh Pankaj Kumar
Published: May 2021

Excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties have been demonstrated by Graphene, a monolayer type of carbon with two dimensional honeycomb lattices (sp2 hybridization). For many applications in the fields of electronics, bio-medicine, composites, sensors, actuators and energy storage and conversion devices, it is a promising part. There are two methods (top down method and bottom up method) for the synthesis of the graphene oxide (GO)/reduced graphene graphene oxide (rGO). In the present work the objectives are to investigate the thermal stability and FTIR analysis of the graphene Oxide (GO)/reduced graphene Oxide (rGO). The material is thermally reduced at 650°C for the 4 hours at a heating rate of 20°C/min. FTIR shows the presence of various chemical compounds inside the sample.
Experimental analysis of Thermal Efficiency of functionalized Graphene (COOH) reinforced PCM for thermal energy storage system
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kumar , Nagar Sumit , Singh Mahendra
Published: May 2021

In this work, the emphasis is on the thermal conductivity of paraffin wax and nano material which is functionalized graphene (COOH). Firstly COOH graphene is combined in various concentrations with paraffin wax to achieve higher thermal conductivity and then it is analysed for thermal conductivity having flow rate of heat transfer fluid(HTF) as 50ml at 8 second. When COOH functionalized graphene is used in this experiment, the thermal conductivity of paraffin wax increases. This study included experiments on varying concentrations of functionalized graphene (COOH) and inlet HTF temperatures for thermal properties, density, specific heat and nanofluid properties. The graphene is combined by stirring it with the paraffin wax. Graphene concentrations are 0.25 volume%, 0.5 volume% and 0.75 volume% for the flow rate of 50 ml in 8 second. Thermal conductivity increases with increase in the concentration of graphene. In the winter season, where environmental losses are higher than the summer season and the air temperature is 18°C, while it is above 29°C in the summer season, it also reduces PCM charging time around 30 to 50 percent with the use of functionalized graphene. In all concentrations, HTF temperature varies from 80°C to 90°C, with observed input energy, environmental losses, charging time, charging rate and performance. All values are noted after a 10 minute interval, till the cylinder is fully charged.
Performance Analysis of FPSC using hybrid nanofluid of Aluminum oxide and Titanium oxide
Authors: Bharadwaj Gaurav
Published: May 2021

An experimental study was conducted to see the effect of using Aluminum oxide and Titanium oxide hybrid nano fluid on FPSC results. Experimentation was carried out by using nano fluid of size 30-50 nm and particle volume concentration at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1%. It has been found that by using nanofluid optimum efficiency is obtained at 0.75% concentration of nano fluid maximum 62%.
Mechanical Behavior of the Aluminum Alloys during Friction stirs welding process: An overview
Authors: Sharma Gyanendu , Pratap Singh Rudra
Published: May 2021

Alumium now a days extensively used in many sector due to its compatibility and adaptability of the material for different grades. As It has been describe in the paper about various factor affecting FSW during operation like mechanical testing(by Shoulder, tool pin profile, tool rotation, welding speed) mechanical properties(Hardness, strength, fatigue), pre and post weld heat treated zone analysis (TMAZ, HAZ, SZ. NZ). Although many researchers vying to improve properties of the welded joint by many technique such as Bobbin tool, cold spraying, shot peening etc. we entails best possible chronological order to establish the right way of outcome and corroborate this theory for future references
Keratin - based materials in Biomedical engineering
Authors: Singh Sonia
Published: May 2021

A biomaterial is used to replace tissue or its function within the living body. Many natural occurring polymers like collagen, fibrin, elastin, gelatin, silk fibroin, hyaluronic acid and chitosan, that have been broadly utilized as in biomaterial applications. In addition to this, proteins are known to be used as one of the popular biomaterials because of their capability to work as synthetic ECM. Among this, keratin is a protein used as effective biopolymers in the fabrication of many new biomaterial(s). Various new techniques have been made for their extraction and structural characterization. Keratin is being characterized as repetitive sequences of amino acid that led in the production of self-assembly. The self-assemble character of keratin has attained to develop into many physical appearances such as sponges, nano-particles and films, found helpful in many drug deliveries and biomedical tissue engineering. This manuscript detailed the advanced utilisation of keratin biomaterials in the area of tissue engineering; wound healing, drug delivery, and so on.
Performance Evaluation Of Multi-Fibre (Hybrid) Polymer Composite
Authors: Sonia Pankaj , Kumari Soni
Published: May 2021

The fabrication of epoxy based polymeric composites under the design constrains is still a great challenges for the researchers and manufacturing industries. The strengthening of polymeric composited to become a substitute of light weight material applications having a huge research space for aerospace and automobile industries. With this objective the current research article reveled the performance evaluation of multi-fiber hybrid composite. The composite were fabricated by hand lay-up technique. The glass fiber and wood powder of Peepal wood were used as reinforcement and the vinyl ester used as a matrix. The each test sample were fabricated with 12 sheet of glass fiber with 39%, 44%, and 49%. The wood powder of 0%, 10%, 20% was used to hybridize the composite. The tensile and flexural test were performed to revel the strengthening behavior.
Cooling rate and Micro-structural Characteristic evaluation of HSLA steel
Authors: Sharma Avdhesh Kumar , Kumar Sharma Harish
Published: May 2021

In recent years HSLA steel replacing the application of common heat treated grades of steel. The precipitation of carbon-nitrides and carbides are main strengthening mechanism of micro alloy steel. The mechanical properties such as impact strength and toughness of micro alloy steel is enhanced without reducing ductility. This work focus on hot compression test on HSLA steel, which has been performed within the thermo mechanical simulator. The characteristic evaluation of deformed alloy conducted by utilizing optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy for understanding precipitation nature of micro-alloy steel. Microstructure behaviour are also observed under variation of cooling pace.
Plastic waste as a biofuel feedstock-A conceptual study
Authors: Devi Dunga Simhana , Kumar Ravinder , Rajak Upendra
Published: May 2021

Current aim of energy scarcity and security is also concerned along with the environmental aspects and waste deposits on the earth. World is recording massive waste deposits every year amongst plastic became the irritating substance to the environment which is being left on the ground unprocessed. Almost 100 million plastics are deposited on the earth’s surface causing exhaustion of the ozone layer. Besides, the evolution of mankind is putting a huge demand on electricity generation. To compensate both the issues, researchers found the way to generate biofuel using plastic waste as a primary feed stock. Also, it is believed that bio-fuels will be vital enough to produce future energy. The transmutation of Waste Plastics to fuel oil is amongst one of the most propitious resources for fuel production being waste plastics are propounded in subsistence. We analyzed various Processes to proselytize Plastic waste into Diesel fuel. The present article throws a light on fuels from the waste feedstock, performance characteristics, emission characteristics and other parameters to generate efficient biofuel using plasticwastes.
Enhancing the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Value of Clayey-Sand Type of Soil in Mathura Region
Authors: Soni Atul , Varshney Deepak
Published: May 2021

Road transportation is major mode of transportation over all the modes of transportation. Roads provide point to point transportation facility with freedom of movement. For the growth of any country like India roads play important role in transportation of either people or goods. Road surface which is used by vehicles for movement on road is called pavement. The bottom most layer of pavement is subgrade which is compacted layer of soil with required cross slope and gradients. This compacted layer of soil ie subgrade is an essential part of road construction and when it requires some standards to meet to be able to receive pavement layers. In some cases when it do not have sufficient properties such as: dry density, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value; soil needs to be treated so that it fulfills the requirements of subgrade. Lower CBR value will result into lower load carrying capacity of road and life. So it is necessary to treat and improve CBR value. For various type of soil there are different methods to improve the CBR value of subgrade. Here in this study efforts have been done to improve the CBR value of clayey sand type of soil, which is mostly present in the vicinity of the district Mathura. CBR value of clayey sand type of soil could be enhanced using materials like: lime, natural fibers, cement, fly ash, chemical compounds, etc. But in this study it has been tried to use natural occurring materials and waste material-Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), so that sustainable, cheap and locally available material could be used. Also the cost of construction does not increase substantially. Laboratory tests were performed and results showed that CBR value of clayey sand type of soil can be increased using materials - lime, jute fiber and RAP in various ratios as mentioned in detail in this study.