bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wedges: Stories as Simple Machines
Authors: Galman Sally Campbell
Published: October 2021

This piece of comics-based research (CBR) details the use of arts-based methods in ongoing research with young transgender or otherwise gender diverse children. Drawing from both the anthropology of childhood and draw–write–tell research in public health, the central innovation of this methodology hinges on gathering children’s narratives in a less coercive manner that holds their stories intact and produces better, more trustworthy research. Discussion includes problematizing and problem-solving contemporary “child friendly” methodology, exploring the role of the child informant in qualitative research, and illustrating how arts methods can inform deeper understanding of participant data when applied in a systematic format. To access the entire comics-based research article, visit the supplemental material section at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/15248399211045974/suppl_file/sj-pdf-1-hpp-10.1177_15248399211045974.pdf .
Biofilm Inhibition and Antibacterial Potential of Different Varieties of Garlic (Allium sativum) Against Sinusitis Isolates
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Naureen Ishrat , Riaz Muhammad , Anjum Fozia , Fatima Hina , Rafiq Muhammad Asif
Published: October 2021

Sinusitis or rhinosinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinuses which can be due to autoimmune, allergy, and infection problems. Current study was aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm and antibacterial potential of different varieties of A sativum. Four different varieties (China white, China pink, Desi white, and Desi pink) were used and extracted with methanol and water. Results of antioxidant analysis of A sativum extracts showed that all varieties of garlic have considerable quantity of flavonoids with significant DPPH inhibition and reductive potential. Antibacterial activity of A sativum extracts was tested against different Gram negative and Gram-positive sinusitis isolates. All the sinusitis isolates were susceptible to both methanolic and aqueous extracts of different varieties of A sativum with least MIC values. Antibiofilm potential of extracts against sinusitis isolates was evaluated through crystal violet assay, and all extracts of A sativum were significantly effective against destruction of microbial biofilm. In summary, A sativum extracts possess effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against sinusitis isolates and can be utilized for prevention of drug resistance against sinusitis infections and further evaluation is necessary.
Exploring the use of knobology for image optimisation in final year sonography students
Authors: Mallard Samantha , Kennedy Narelle , Najafzadeh Abriz Afrooz , Quinton Ann
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Image optimisation is essential for acquisition of quality images in ultrasound and critical to the diagnostic ability of the examination. These skills are taught to sonography students early in their education, but research has found that retention of non-rehearsed knowledge decreases significantly after a year. The aim of this study was to determine which optimisation tools (knobology) final year sonography students use, how often and why they chose to adjust parameters and assess barriers to optimisation of knobology tools.

Methods

A prospective study using data from an anonymous online survey of 34 final year sonography students.

Results

Survey results showed that 19/34 (55%) of students “frequently” optimise all Doppler settings and 23/34 (67%) of students “frequently” optimise basic parameter settings (depth, focus, time gain compensation). Time constraints (24/34 (70%)) and loss of gained knowledge of sonography principles and instrumentation (17/34 (50%)) were the major barriers to the use of knobology. The majority 28/34 (82%) believed they would benefit from further training.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that although most students are optimising settings to improve image quality, sonography principles and instrumentation knowledge loss and time constraints prevent students from maximising machine capabilities. This study supports the need for further training prior to final year clinical placement.
The profile of real-time competition in spoken and written word recognition: More similar than different
Authors: Hendrickson Kristi , Apfelbaum Keith , Goodwin Claire , Blomquist Christina , Klein Kelsey , McMurray Bob
Published: October 2021

Word recognition occurs across two sensory modalities: auditory (spoken words) and visual (written words). While each faces different challenges, they are often described in similar terms as a competition process by which multiple lexical candidates are activated and compete for recognition. While there is a general consensus regarding the types of words that compete during spoken word recognition, there is less consensus for written word recognition. The present study develops a novel version of the Visual World Paradigm (VWP) to examine written word recognition and uses this to assess the nature of the competitor set during word recognition in both modalities using the same experimental design. For both spoken and written words, we found evidence for activation of onset competitors (cohorts, e.g., cat, cap) and words that contain the same phonemes or letters in reverse order (anadromes, e.g., cat, tack). We found no evidence of activation for rhymes ( e.g., cat, hat). The results across modalities were quite similar, with the exception that for spoken words, cohorts were more active than anadromes, whereas for written words activation was similar. These results suggest a common characterisation of lexical similarity across spoken and written words: temporal or spatial order is coarsely coded, and onsets may receive more weight in both systems. However, for spoken words, temporary ambiguity during the moment of processing gives cohorts an additional boost during real-time recognition.
Music reading expertise affects visual change detection: Evidence from a music-related flicker paradigm
Authors: Sheridan Heather , Kleinsmith Abigail L
Published: October 2021

To study the mechanisms and boundary conditions of expertise effects on change detection, we introduced a novel music-related variant of the flicker paradigm. Specifically, we monitored the eye movements of expert musicians (with 10 years of music experience) and non-musicians (who could not read music) while they located changes across two rapidly alternating versions of a music score, with a blank screen presented between each screen change. Relative to the non-musicians, experts were faster at change detection, with shorter fixations and larger saccade amplitudes. Expertise effects on accuracy and saccade amplitude were magnified for visually complex relative to simple music scores. Consistent with the assumptions of chunking and template theories of expertise, our results suggest that expert musicians can use chunking (i.e., perceptual grouping) mechanisms to facilitate perceptual encoding during change detection.
Capecitabine in combination with bendamustine in pretreated women with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: results of a phase II trial (AGMT MBC-6)
Authors: Rinnerthaler Gabriel , Gampenrieder Simon Peter , Petzer Andreas , Hubalek Michael , Petru Edgar , Sandholzer Margit , Andel Johannes , Balic Marija , Melchardt Thomas , Hauser-Kronberger Cornelia , Schmitt Clemens A. , Ulmer Hanno , Greil Richard
Published: October 2021

Background:

Bendamustine, a medication approved for the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, has already shown anticancer activity in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Here, we present the results of a phase II trial of bendamustine in combination with capecitabine in pre-treated patients with MBC.

Patients and methods:

AGMT MBC-6 is a multicentre, open-label, single-arm phase II study in HER2-negative MBC. All patients were pre-treated with anthracyclines and/or taxans and had measurable disease. Patients received per os 1000 mg/m2 capecitabine twice daily on days 1 to 14 in combination with 80 mg/m2 bendamustine intravenously on days 1 and 8 of a 3-week cycle for a maximum of eight cycles, followed by a capecitabine maintenance therapy. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR).

Results:

From September 2013 to May 2015, 40 patients were recruited in eight Austrian centres. The median age was 60 years (range 29–77). Twenty-five per cent of patients had triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and 93% showed visceral involvement. With 17 partial and one complete remission, ORR was 46%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.1–10.7]. The most common non-haematological adverse events (AEs) of grade 3 were hand-foot syndrome (13%), fatigue (10%), nausea (8%), and dyspnoea (8%). One grade 4 non-haematological AE (hepatic failure) and three grade 4 haematological AEs (neutropenia) were observed. One patient died of restrictive cardiomyopathy, in which a relationship to capecitabine cannot be excluded, but seems unlikely.

Conclusion:

The combination of capecitabine and bendamustine shows promising efficacy and moderate toxicity. Further evaluation of this drug combination is warranted. The clinical trial AGMT MBC-6 was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov , ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ; identifier: NCT01891227).
Isotoxic high-dose stereotactic body radiotherapy integrated in a total multimodal neoadjuvant strategy for the treatment of localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bouchart Christelle , Engelholm Jean-Luc , Closset Jean , Navez Julie , Loi Patrizia , Gökburun Yeter , De Grez Thierry , Mans Laura , Hendlisz Alain , Bali Maria Antonietta , Eisendrath Pierre , Van Gestel Dirk , Hein Matthieu , Moretti Luigi , Van Laethem Jean-Luc
Published: October 2021

Background:

Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of isotoxic high-dose (iHD) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in a total neoadjuvant sequence for the treatment of localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Materials and methods:

Biopsy-proven borderline resectable/locally advanced pancreatic cancer (BR/LAPC) patients were included in this observational prospective analysis from August 2017 to April 2020 without excluding tumours showing a radiological direct gastrointestinal (GI) invasion. An induction chemotherapy by modified fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin was performed for a median of six cycles. In case of non-progression, an isotoxic high-dose stereotactic body radiotherapy (iHD-SBRT) was delivered in 5 fractions followed by a surgical exploration. The primary endpoint was acute/late gastrointestinal grade ⩾3 toxicity. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and local control (LC).

Results:

A total of 39 consecutive patients (21 BR and 18 LAPC) were included: 34 patients (87.2%, 18 BR and 16 LAPC) completed the planned neoadjuvant sequence. After iHD-SBRT, 19 patients [55.9% overall, 13/18 BR (72.2%) and 6/16 LAPC (37.5%)] underwent an oncological resection among the 25 patients surgically explored (73.5%). The median follow up was 18.2 months. The rates of acute and late GI grade 3 toxicity were, respectively, 2.9% and 4.2%. The median OS and PFS from diagnosis were, respectively, 24.5 and 15.6 months. The resected patients had improved median OS and PFS in comparison with the non-resected patients (OS: 32.3 versus 18.2 months, p = 0.02; PFS: 24.1 versus 7.1 months, p < 0.001). There was no survival difference between the BR and LAPC patients. The 1-year LC from SBRT was 74.1% and the median locoregional PFS was not reached for both BR and LAPC patients.

Conclusions:

iHD-SBRT displays an excellent toxicity profile, also for potentially high-risk patients with radiological direct GI invasion at diagnosis and can be easily integrated in a total neoadjuvant strategy. The oncological outcomes are promising and emphasise the need for further exploration of iHD-SBRT in phase II/III trials.
The diagnosis and management of sarcoid-like reactions in patients with melanoma treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Anastasopoulou Amalia , Diamantopoulos Panagiotis T. , Skalioti Chrysanthi , Liapis George , Psychogiou Eleni , Ziogas Dimitrios C. , Gogas Helen
Published: October 2021

Sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reactions (SLR) have been repeatedly reported in patients with melanoma treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. In the current study we present three patients that developed SLR under treatment with BRAF and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors for melanoma. Two patients developed mediastinal lymphadenitis with histological features of an SLR while on targeted therapy in the adjuvant setting, whereas one patient with metastatic melanoma developed granulomatous nephritis while receiving combination treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitors and atezolizumab. In addition, we review the published literature on the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, histologic features, imaging findings, and other potential useful diagnostic tools. We also address the need for a common terminology for these cases and propose an algorithm for the accurate diagnosis of BRAF/MEK inhibitor-induced SLR. We also review the currently available data on the treatment of these patients and suggest a treatment approach for SLR in patients with melanoma, as well as for the management of melanoma when SLR emerges.
‘When we sat together, it just worked’: Supporting individual and collaborative reflective practice in a team of early childhood educators
Authors: Ruming Naomi , McFarland Laura
Published: October 2021

Educator reflective practice is fundamental to quality early childhood education with robust practice benefitting pedagogy and improving outcomes for children. Yet, examination of individual and collaborative reflective practice in experienced professional early childhood teams is scarce. This qualitative case study used an action research design to examine this gap in the literature. Previous research informed the implementation of a Model of Reflective Practice Framework as an intervention incorporating a professional development session and ongoing written support of individual and team educator reflection. An established team of six educators in a regional Australian preschool setting provided data through pre- and post-intervention surveys, individual journal entries, and online collaborations. Manual and computer-assisted thematic analysis was enhanced with evaluation using a continuum of reflection and by examining reflection outcomes. Results indicate improvement in individual and team reflective practice, with additional professional and personal benefits.
The Effect of Corporate Media Ownership on the Depth of Local Coverage and Issue Agendas: A Computational Case Study of Six Sinclair TV Station Websites
Authors: Blankenship Justin C. , Vargo Chris J.
Published: October 2021

Sinclair Broadcast Group owns over 170 US television stations. Using agenda setting and agenda cutting as a theoretical lens, this study quantifies the effect of Sinclair ownership by analyzing over 340,000 news stories from six station websites over 4 years through time series modeling. Sinclair ownership negatively changes total news stories output for all six outlets. The percentage of news that is local continues to decline at all but one website. This decline predates Sinclair but continues to date. Stations appear to rely on syndicated (a.k.a., reposted) coverage more than ever, but this again predates Sinclair. An agenda cutting effect was observed; Sinclair cut party politics coverage at all six stations.
Chemical Constituents of Callicarpa giraldii and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Yi Qiao-Qi , Wu Zhong-Han , Xu Fan , Wang Hong-Gang
Published: October 2021

Callicarpa giraldii (family Verbenaceae) has many medical properties and is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, its chemical constituents have not been investigated. In this study, nine compounds present in the leaves and stems were isolated and characterized. These were negundonorin B (1), lupeol (2), erythrodiol (3), isoacteoside (4), forsythoside B (5), dibutyl phthalate (6), verbascoside (7), poliumoside (8), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9). The structures were identified by comparison of their NMR data with those reported in the literature. The anti-inflammatory effects of compounds 1-6 were tested on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Several compounds showed significant ( p < .05) inhibitory effects.
Dispolongiosides A and B, Two New Fucose Containing Spirostanol Glycosides From the Rhizomes of Disporopsis longifolia Craib., and Their Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Thu Ha Tran Thi , Vui Dang Kim , Hoang Nguyen Huy , Tai Bui Huu , Van Kiem Phan
Published: October 2021

Two new fucose containing spirostanol glycosides, (25 R)-spirost-5-en-3 β-yl O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4) -β-D-fucopyranoside (1) and (25 S)-spirost-5-en-3 β-yl O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4) -β-D-fucopyranoside (2), together with five known spirostan glycosides, (25 R)-spirost-5-en-3 β-yl O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) -β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4) -β-D-galactopyranoside (3), (25 S)-spirost-5-en-3 β-yl O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) -β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)- β-D-galactopyranoside (4), (25 R)-spirost-5-en-3 β-yl O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4) -β-D-galactopyranoside (5), (25 R)-26-[( β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-22 α-methoxyfurost-5-en-3 β-yl O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)- β-D-galactopyranoside (6), and (25 R)-26-[( β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-22 α-hydroxyfurost-5-en-3 β-yl O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)- β-D-galactopyranoside (7) were isolated from the rhizomes of Disporopsis longifolia Craib. Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of HRESIMS and NMR spectral data, as well as by comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. Compounds 1 to 7 inhibited NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values in the range from 24.5 ± 2.5 μM to 81.3 ± 4.2 μM. The NO production inhibitory activities of compounds 1 and 2 with IC50 values of 26.6 ± 1.9 μM and 24.5 ± 2.5 μM are as potent as that of the positive control of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA) with an IC50 value of 23.8 ± 2.1 μM.
Current Sport Organization Guidelines From the AMSSM 2019 Youth Early Sport Specialization Research Summit
Authors:   AMSSM Collaborative Research Network Youth Early Sport Specialization Summit, Tenforde Adam S. , Montalvo Alicia M. , Nelson Vicki R. , Myer Greg D. , Brenner Joel S. , DiFiori John P. , Jayanthi Neeru A. , Marshall Stephen W. , Kliethermes Stephanie A. , Beutler Anthony I. , Herman Daniel C.
Published: October 2021

Context:

Youth athletes may be at elevated risk for adverse health due to sport specialization. Sport organizations have developed guidelines for participation during growth and development.

Objective:

To assess youth sport development guidelines using a 15-item framework across sport organizations and governing bodies in soccer, basketball, ice hockey, and swimming.

Data Sources:

English-language results from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018, from published sport organization guidelines and athlete development plans.

Study Selection:

Two investigators independently reviewed publications identified from sport organizations. A total of 23 guidelines were incorporated, including 5 general sport organizations and 18 sport-specific guidelines.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

Two investigators independently identified all recommendations that fit within a predetermined rubric of recommendations encompassing 4 domains: Psychological Development/Approach, Physical Development/Load, Facilities and Resources, and Timing and Monitoring of Specialization. Sport-specific guidelines on volume were summarized.

Results:

Sport organizations and sport-specific guidelines had consensus on 2 items out of the 15-item: emphasis on early skill development and access to well-trained coaches. While recommended by all sports organization, multisport participation was emphasized by 3 of 4 sports, excluding soccer. Volume recommendations were inconsistent between and within sports. No group proposed methods to monitor athlete well-being.

Conclusion:

This review highlights areas of agreement within sport organizations and governing bodies. Creating a framework to guide youth sport specialization may lead to specific and consistent guidelines.
Healthcare workers’ preparedness and response during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Trivedi Ashish , Fontelera Maria , Ishak Norzawani , Lai Alice , Win Kyaw N , Ismail Khalifah , Koh David
Published: October 2021

Background

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are most at risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 infection. Their preparedness, as a result of provision and access to personal protective equipment (PPE), training programmes and awareness and practices on infection prevention and control measures, is integral for the prevention of infectious disease transmission.

Objectives

This study was conducted to assess the preparedness and practices of HCWs during COVID-19 first wave outbreak in Brunei Darussalam.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using a pre-designed and self-administered web-based questionnaire was conducted among HCWs from government and private health sectors ranging from primary to tertiary health facilities in Brunei Darussalam. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and chi-square test was used for statistical significance.

Results

A total of 511 HCWs participated in the study. Nurses (64%) and HCWs based at hospitals (66%) made up the majority of the study participants, with 74% having occupational exposure to COVID-19 cases. More than 99% of HCWs used respiratory PPE, and 94% used gloves. 74% had undergone respirator fit testing and 65% had received PPE awareness session within the last one year. Coverage in training programmes was found to be low among HCWs from private health facilities.

Conclusions

Majority of HCWs who had received updated training programmes and therefore were better prepared came from government health facilities. HCWs from private health facilities lacked preparedness training programmes and as such, there needs to be improvement to enhance preparedness measures in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and for future infectious disease outbreaks.
Positionality and reflexivity: Recognising and dismantling our privileges in childhood research through the use of windows and mirrors
Authors: Cuevas-Parra Patricio
Published: October 2021

This article explores how privileges, identities and worldviews influence every stage of childhood research processes. By using the ‘windows and mirrors’ and ‘the danger of the single story’ metaphors, I seek to deconstruct reflexivity and positionality in order to include different lenses of analysis for exploring how power and privileges inform the relationship between researchers and child participants. I argue that this reflexive process needs to pay greater attention to the intersection between identities, inequalities and power, to the impact of researchers feeling sympathy for the marginalised status of the child participant and to the normative and dominant positions that researchers might have based on their social standing. Drawing from my international fieldwork experience, I conclude that an understanding of how identities, power and privileges affect childhood research is critical for conducting ethical research, negotiating power with child participants and dismantling researchers’ privileges.
Reported asthma and dental amalgam exposure among adults in the United States: An assessment of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Geier David A , Geier Mark R
Published: October 2021

Objective: Mercury (Hg)-based amalgam is a dental restorative material in common use. This hypothesis-testing study evaluated the relationship between dental amalgam exposure and the risk of reported asthma diagnoses in American adults. Methods: A total of 97,861,577 weighted-persons with one or more dental amalgam surfaces (exposed group) and 31,716,558 weighted-persons with one or more other dental surfaces (no dental amalgams, unexposed group) were examined in the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All persons were 20–80 years old and with known reported asthma status (only newly diagnosed asthma cases were examined). Survey logistic regression and survey frequency modeling in SAS were employed to evaluate the relative incidence rate of reported asthma diagnoses among those in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group. Covariates of gender, race, socioeconomic status, educational status, country of birth, and tobacco exposure were considered. Results: Survey logistic modeling revealed a significantly increased incidence rate of reported asthma in the exposed group as compared to the unexposed group in unadjusted (4.46-fold) and adjusted (4.84-fold) models. A dose–response relationship was observed for the risk of reported asthma per dental amalgam filling surface in unadjusted (1.073) and adjusted (1.076) models. Survey frequency modeling revealed that the frequency of reported asthma (per 10,000 weighted-person years) was 3.66-fold significantly increased in the exposed group (2.06) as compared to the unexposed group (0.56). Conclusion: Increased dental amalgam exposure was associated with an increased risk of reported asthma diagnoses in American adults, but future studies should further evaluate this relationship.
Knowledge of childhood autism among nurses working in governmental hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tasew Salem , Mekonnen Hussen , Goshu Abel Tibebu
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in the early childhood period and is characterized by altered social interaction, communication problems, repetitive, and stereotyped behavior. Genetic, environmental, or physical risk factors are associated with prenatal, natal, or postnatal complications, leading to the development of autism spectrum disorders. Prompt diagnosis and management should be an integral component of the care provision in countries like Ethiopia.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess knowledge of childhood autism among nurses working in governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods:

Institutional based cross-sectional study design was used. The sample size was calculated using the single population proportion formula, and the final sample size was 360. Final study subjects were selected by using the simple random sampling method. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires and were then coded and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were utilized to show frequencies and percentages, and analysis of variance was carried out to compute the association between the dependent and independent variables. Independent t-test was also done to see the association between dependent variables and independent variables with two means. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The mean score for knowledge-related items was 8.79 ± 0.4. In this study, out of 331 nurses, 180 (54.35%) had good knowledge. Significant mean score difference was observed among age distribution (F-Ratio = 2.8, p-value = 0.04), level of education (F-ratio = 13.97, p < 0.001) and work experience (F-Ratio = 3.07 p-value = 0.017).

Conclusion:

A significant gap was observed in the overall knowledge of childhood autism among nurses employed in the governmental hospitals of Addis Ababa. The respondents’ knowledge level was significantly different among age group distributions, education levels, and work experience.
The ‘Better sleep better well-being’ intervention for parents of infants with moderate sleep problems: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Skuladottir Arna , Sigurdardottir Anna Olafia , Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun
Published: October 2021

Healthy development of infants/toddlers is associated with adequate parent–child interactions, infant sleep patterns, and infant nutrition. In early childhood, learning to fall and stay asleep is essential and can contribute to infants’ self-regulation and to regulating emotions and behavior. Sleep problems in infancy are, however, of significant concern to parents. This study aimed to research the benefit of a face-to-face family education and support intervention concerning ‘Better sleep better well-being’ (FES-BSBW). Six advanced community healthcare nurses provided three sessions of FES-BSBW intervention to the parents. Data were assessed from 35 primary caregivers. The TREND and TIDieR guidelines were used to report findings. The intervention focused on parent–child interactions and normal child development, temperament, parents’ beliefs about the infants’ sleep patterns, and the impact of the infants’ sleep problems on the parents’ quality of life after the intervention. The intervention was delivered over approximately one month. The primary findings showed that mothers reported significantly higher perceived family support, improved sleep pattern beliefs, better physical functioning and longer infants sleep periods on average at nights after the FES-BSBW intervention. These findings are promising and might prevent sleep problems in infants/toddlers from escalating later into more severe health problems.
Sensoria: An exploratory interdisciplinary framework for researching multimodal & sensory experiences
Authors: Jewitt Carey , van der Vlugt Marloeke , Hübner Falk
Published: October 2021

This paper describes the development and salience of an original and innovative interdisciplinary approach, Sensoria, that combines methods and techniques from social science and performance to address the methodological challenges of researching sensory/multimodal experiences. It sets out the core components and methodological principles that underpin the approach and uses an illustrative example to show how it can facilitate research on hard to access sensorial experiences, to access, understand and analyse people’s experiences and perspectives of touch, a highly tacit sensory mode. The paper discusses the methodological contribution and challenges of this approach to sensory research for social science and artistic practice and ‘more-than-representational’ research more generally. It concludes by making a case for more critical research spaces at the intersection of these disciplines to foster multi-dimensional research dialogues and to advance the exploration and understanding of the relationship between the sensory, social and the digital.
Innovative ways of illustrating the present, imagining the future and analysing themes: A collage-elicited interview study
Authors: Ough Dealy Helen R , Jarvis Rebecca M , Petterson Michael
Published: October 2021

Mammalian predators are threatening New Zealand’s endemic species with extinction. Community-led predator control may contribute to a predator-free nation by 2050. An individual’s present and future thoughts about, and subsequent actions for, conservation rely on their current and projected motivations and concerns. Innovative approaches to conservation action theme elicitation and analysis were developed through this visual arts based qualitative study to better understand how people feel about the present and future and their place within. Twenty-five males and females from New Zealand’s rural and urban communities, aged between 12 and 75 years, from primary, secondary and tertiary student, environmental education and community conservation backgrounds, each created two collages of themselves situated in today’s and a future world. Interviewer-led open-ended laddering questions elicited participant responses to their collages. A further open-ended question elicited actions participants would take to move from their perceived present to a projected future world. Trello, a web-based list-making application, facilitated reflexive thematic analysis of the interview transcripts. The following six common themes resulted: connectivity, commitment, learning cycle, practical actions, unconditional belief and group action. These themes, presented as eight-point Likert-type scale items in a Qualtrics digital survey, contributed to the quantitative aspect of this mixed-methods study and may facilitate understanding of future New Zealand volunteer community conservation participation.
Throughcare for Indigenous peoples leaving prison: Practices in two settler colonial states
Authors: Tubex Hilde , Rynne John , Blagg Harry
Published: October 2021

The concept of throughcare as a means to prevent recidivism continues to attract considerable attention in Australia over the last couple of years. This is particularly the case for Indigenous peoples, as the transition to life after imprisonment proves to be particularly challenging for them, resulting in high rates of recidivism and ongoing overrepresentation in Australian prisons. In this contribution, we report on research we conducted in two Australian jurisdictions. After identifying the problems in developing effective throughcare strategies for Indigenous peoples leaving prison, we turn to Canada for examples of good practice. Canada was chosen for comparison as it is also a settler colonial state, experiencing similar problems of overrepresentation of their Indigenous population in the prison. After a critical analysis of these practices, we conclude that the reasons for a problematic re-integration of Indigenous peoples are related to a tendency to impose solutions and strategies developed in the white mainstream onto Indigenous communities without acknowledging traditional cultures and structures.
Risk and Return Transmissions From Crude Oil to Latin American Stock Markets During the Crisis: Portfolio Implications
Authors: Yousaf Imran , Ali Shoaib , Naveed Muhammad , Adeel Ifraz
Published: October 2021

Using the DCC-GARCH model, this study examines the return and volatility spillovers between crude oil and emerging Latin American stock markets during the entire studying period and two subsamples, including the global financial crisis and the Chinese Stock market crash. The findings reveal a positive causal effect from Brazil and Mexico’s stock price changes to the oil market during the global financial crisis. During the Chinese stock market crash, the return spillover is unidirectional from the oil to Brazil and Mexico equity markets. The findings show no significant volatility transmission between oil and Latin American stock markets during the global financial crisis. Contrarily, we observe bidirectional volatility transmission between the oil and Brazilian stock markets during the Chinese stock market crash. Finally, we calculate the optimal weights and hedge ratios for the oil and stock portfolios. In comparison to the global financial crisis, the results suggest that lesser oil assets are required to minimize portfolio risk in the Chinese stock market crash. These results offer valuable insights for portfolio diversification, asset pricing, and risk management.
Analyzing Multi-Definitional Problems of Concepts in International Relations: Re-Conceptualizing Change
Authors: Etkin Çağıl T. , Evcan Nusret Sinan
Published: October 2021

Endless debates within, between and among the theories have led to the emergence of numerous concepts, each with multiple meanings and definition(s) generating confusion and vagueness. The reason behind this is the intellectual plurality and differentiated perspectives. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to understand and explain the reasons behind the multiple definitions and meanings of the concepts within international relations and potentially in other areas of social studies. To achieve that end, the authors first tried to understand and explain “why” and “how,” the occurrence of change happens, with a belief that a clearer picture can be revealed. There were great debates that, most of the time cycles around the questions of “what has changed” and “how can we identify change,” giving us some idea about change but not really explaining the reasons behind the occurrence of the change. To understand change and the reasons behind the multiple meanings of concepts, we need a specific kind of understanding related to change. The author’s approach to the change and their attempt to establish a base for the reconceptualization of change will be the main contribution of the present study.
Factors affecting loan repayment rate among smallholder farmers got loans from the Amhara Credit and Saving Institution: In the case of Habru District, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Kassegn Andualem , Endris Ebrahim
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper was to examine factors affecting loan repayment rate among smallholder farmers in the Habru District, Ethiopia, who had taken loans from the Amhara Credit and Saving Institution. In this study, both primary and secondary sources were used. The study employed a combination of multi-stage purposive and stratified sampling techniques in the selection of 384 borrowers from smallholder farmers in the study area. The Tobit model result found that a total of 10 out of the total 15 explanatory variables involved in the model were found to be statistically significant. According to the result demographic factors (age and household size), socio-economic factors (educational level, land size, livestock size, nonfarm income, purpose of borrowing), and institutional factors (road distance, contact with development agents, training received on loan use) were among the factors that influenced loan repayment rate of smallholder borrowers in the study area. Education level, land size, livestock size in tropical livestock unit, nonfarm income, purpose of borrowing, contact with agricultural extension agents, and training received on loan use were found to determine loan repayment rate of borrowers positively and significantly, while age, family size, and road distance were found to negatively and significantly determine loan repayment rate in the study area. Therefore, the overall results of this study underlined the great importance of the significant factors to profoundly achieve high repayment rate on borrowed funds from the Amhara Credit and Saving Institution in the studied area.
Burn Center Patients at Risk for Upper Extremity Amputations
Authors: Thornburg Danielle A. , Swanson Scott , Spadafore Philomene , Kowal-Vern Areta , Foster Kevin N. , Matthews Marc R.
Published: October 2021

Introduction Burn center patients present not only with burn injuries but also necrotizing infections, purpura fulminans, frostbite, toxic epidermal necrolysis, chronic wounds, and trauma. Burn surgeons are often faced with the need to amputate when limb salvage is no longer a viable option. The purpose of this study was to determine factors which predispose patients to extremity amputations. Methods: This retrospective registry review (2000-2019) compared patients who required upper extremity amputations with those who did not. Cases were pair-matched by age, sex, percent total body surface area (%TBSA), and type/location of injury to control for possible confounding variables. Results: There were 77 upper extremity amputee patients (APs) and 77 pair-matched non-amputees (NAPs) with the median age 45- and 43-years, %TBSA 21 and 10, respectively; second and third degree burn injuries were similar in the 2 groups. The AP group had longer hospitalizations (median 40 vs 15 days) P < .0001, with more intensive care unit days (median 28 vs 18 days). APs presented with significantly more cardiac, renal, and pulmonary comorbidities, acquired infections (61 [64%] vs 35 [36%]), escharotomies, and fasciotomies than the NAP, P < .0001. Mortality was similar (AP 14 [18.2%] vs NAP 9 [11.7%]), P = .26. Conclusions: Escharotomies, fasciotomies, sepsis, pneumonia, wound, and urinary tract infections contributed to prolonged hospitalizations and increased risk for upper extremity amputations in the AP group.
Three Perspectives on Changing Gender Stereotypes
Authors: Priyashantha K. G. , De Alwis A. Chamaru , Welmilla I.
Published: October 2021

Changing gender stereotypes is an essential topic among researchers since the 1970s. The debate on this subject continues in the twenty-first century. Some researchers argue that gender stereotypes have not changed, since it is supported by some solid theoretical foundations and its inherent nature of social interpretation. Moreover, there are gaps in the existing literature, regarding who gets the relative advantage on gender stereotype change and the different outcomes of changing gender stereotypes. Hence, this article reviews the changing gender stereotypes in three perspectives: whether it is prevalent in the whole contemporary world, who gets the relative advantage in gender stereotype change and the realities reflected by the outcomes of changing gender stereotypes. Before these three perspectives, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the definitions, origins and components of changing gender stereotypes. The lack of which may have been an underlying cause of confusion about the concept and its realities. Therefore, this article seeks to evaluate the changing gender stereotypes to provide insights into changing gender stereotypes in the contemporary world, the realities of changing gender stereotypes and directions for future researchers.
Reliability of Anatomic Bony Landmark Localization of the ACL Femoral Footprint Using 3D MRI
Authors: Sivakumaran Thiru , Jaffer Rehana , Marwan Yousef , Hart Adam , Radu Arnold , Burman Mark , Martineau Paul A. , Powell Tom
Published: October 2021

Background:

Nonanatomic placement of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts is a leading cause of ACL graft failure. Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) femoral footprint localization could enhance planning for an ACL graft's position.

Purpose:

To determine the intra- and interobserver reliability of measurements of the ACL femoral footprint position and size obtained from 3D MRI scans.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 41 patients with complete ACL tears were recruited between November 2014 and May 2016. Preoperatively, a coronal-oblique proton-density fast spin echo 3D acquisition of the contralateral uninjured knee was obtained along the plane of the ACL using a 1.5T MRI scanner. ACL footprint parameters were obtained independently by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists (observers A and B). The distal and anterior positions of the center of the footprint were measured relative to the apex of the deep cartilage at the posteromedial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle, and the surface area of the ACL femoral footprint was approximated from multiplanar reformatted images. After 1 month, the measurements were repeated. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess for intra- and interobserver reliability. Bland-Altman plots were produced to screen for potential systematic bias in measurement and to calculate limits of agreement.

Results:

The ICCs for intraobserver reliability of the ACL femoral distal and anterior footprint coordinates were 0.75 and 0.78, respectively, for observer A. For observer B, they were 0.75 and 0.74, respectively. The ICCs for interobserver reliability were 0.75 and 0.85 for the distal and anterior coordinates, respectively. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated no significant systematic bias. For surface area measurements, the intraobserver ICCs were 0.37 and 0.62 for observers A and B, respectively. The interobserver reliability was 0.60. Observer B consistently measured the footprints as slightly larger versus observer A (1.19 ± 0.27 vs 1 ± 0.22 cm2, respectively; P < .001).

Conclusion:

Locating the center of the anatomic footprint of the ACL with 3D MRI showed substantial intra- and interobserver agreement. Interobserver agreement for the femoral footprint surface area was fair to moderate.
Neuropsychological Functioning in Alexander Disease: A Case Series
Authors: Kirsch Alexandra C. , McCall Dana M. , Lange Hadley , Renaud Deborah , Brown Tanya , Zaccariello Michael J.
Published: October 2021

Limited information is known about neuropsychological outcomes in Alexander disease, a rare leukodystrophy. Two pediatric cases are summarized. Case 1 (evaluations at 6, 7, 9, and 12 years of age) represents Type I Alexander disease with associated seizures. Case 2 (evaluations at 12, 13, and 16 years of age) represents Type II Alexander disease without additional complications. Case 1 experienced declines in intellectual functioning, visual motor skills, receptive vocabulary, verbal memory, and academic achievement. Case 2 experienced variable neurocognitive change and academic functioning, with average word reading and spelling. Verbal memory also remained intact. Taken together, individuals with Alexander disease may experience cognitive decline to variable degrees. Type I Alexander disease, associated with earlier onset and additional neurological complications, may presage greater cognitive decline than Type II. Due to variability in functioning over time, it is critical to follow individuals across development to make recommendations for educational and treatment planning.
Extensive Longitudinal Transverse Myelitis Associated With CSF Epstein-Barr Virus Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Singhi Pratibha , Sharma Jai Prakash , Gautam Rakchhya , Indra Raden M. , Rafli Achmad
Published: October 2021

Background. Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) in children can be secondary to central nervous system infections. Several reports have associated ATM with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Case presentation. We report a previously healthy 10-year-old boy with paraparesis that started 7 days before admission. Spinal T2W MRI revealed extensive hyperintense lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid WBC was 268/µL and PCR examination was positive for EBV. High dose methylprednisolone (1 g/kg) was given for 5 days, the child was symptom free 3 months after presentation. Conclusion. Epstein-Barr infection should be considered in ATM, particularly when CSF WBC count is high.
Clear and Omnipresent Danger: Digital Age Culture Wars and Reactions to Drag Queen Story Hour across Diverse Subreddit Communities
Authors: Davis Alyssa J. , Kettrey Heather Hensman
Published: October 2021

The culture wars, or battle between American conservatives and progressives to define national values, appeared to be in abeyance until they were seemingly reignited by Donald Trump’s “Make America Great Again” rally cry. Yet, contemporary culture wars are different from those of previous decades because, instead of being driven by political and intellectual elites, they are often fought by populist voices on social media platforms. Additionally, whereas culture wars have traditionally been understood as reactionary to changes in local communities, social media may redefine community such that threats emerging in one geographic area reverberate across the country. In this study, we analyze 1658 comments posted to four ideologically divergent Reddit communities in response to Drag Queen Story Hour, which entails drag performers reading books to children in libraries. Our analysis demonstrates ways that different communities grapple with cultural threat, with those who have historically influenced American values exhibiting fear over the power they stand to lose. Additionally, in our analysis, members of online communities responded to threats that materialized in geographic communities to which they did not necessarily have a tangible connection. Thus, the diffuse nature of digital age culture wars may render distinctions between abstract and tangible threats obsolete.