bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐11.14: The Impact of Defects on the Performance of Micro‐LED Devices: A Simulation Study
Authors: Ye Jinyu , Zhou Xiongtu , Zhang Yongai , Wu Chaoxing , Guo Tailiang , Yan Qun
Published: June 2024

In order to evaluate the influence of defects on the performance of Micro‐LED devices, this paper adopts a finite element simulation method based on semiconductor physics. Firstly, a simulation model of Micro‐LED devices is established, including key components such as electrodes, materials, and structures. Then, defect parameters are set to simulate the optical properties of Micro‐LED devices. Finally, by comparing the simulation results with or without introducing deep level defects, the influence law of these defects on the optical output and electrical characteristics of Micro‐LED devices was revealed.
P‐11.16: Investigation of Light Leakage on the Thin‐Film‐Transistors Depending on the Micro‐LED Backplane Structures
Authors: Chen Peixuan , Wang Meng , Liu Xiaoli , Shen Ankang , Chen Zemin , Chen Jinxiang , Xie Mengmeng , Huo Sitao , Wu Tianyi , Xi Kerui , Qin Feng
Published: June 2024

We investigated the impact of micro‐LED backplane structures on the light leakage by optical simulation. A transparent micro‐LED display with low light leakage, high transparency, and low reflectivity can be achieved by using metal layers and black materials with specific structures on the transparent backplane.
P‐11.17: Research of extinction ratio enhancement of linear polarized micro‐LED
Authors: Zeng Jingnan , Liu Zhaojun
Published: June 2024

This study proposes a linear polarized micro light‐emitting diode (LP micro‐LED) with SiO2 transition layer and metal sidewall reflective layer to enhance the extinction ratio (ER) of for 3D display. Simulation is used for numerical calculations. By introducing SiO2 transition layer, it can enhance ER from 13dB to 23dB and improve the luminous intensity distribution of LP micro‐LED. For metal sidewall reflective layer, it can effectively reduce the leakage light effectively, further enhancing the ER and let the value of ER unaffected by chip size. The results unveil promising strategies for enhancing the ER of LP micro‐LED, contributing to improvements in polarization multiplexed micro‐LED 3D display.
P‐12.5: Microcavity Bottom‐Emitting Blue ZnSeTe Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on ITO/Ag/ITO Electrode
Authors: Zhang Zhuofan , Xu Zhonghua , Li Depeng , Pan Xinyi , Wei Jiahao , Mei Guanding , Ma Jingrui , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: June 2024

In this report, ZnSeTe‐based blue bottom‐emitting quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) with optical microcavity design were demonstrated. The microcavity is formed by the top reflective Ag electrode and the bottom semi‐transparent multilayer electrode, ITO/Ag/ITO. The conventional normal QLED device structure is sandwiched between microcavity. The results show the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the device emission spectrum is reduced to 50% compared to the device without microcavity, and the tail at longer emission wavelengths is notably suppressed.
P‐12.8: TIPS‐pentacene doped PCBM direct high sensitivity X‐ray detector
Authors: Hao Zhao , Li Yi , Deng YuanJian , Lu XiuZhen , Zhang JianHua
Published: June 2024

Organic semiconductor materials are widely used in X‐ray detection. It has advantages such as flexibility, low cost, and high sensitivity. In this paper, we present an X‐ray detector utilizing a heterojunction structure composed of TIPS‐pentacene and PCBM. This structure incorporates SEBS technology while increasing the charge carrier mobility, thus increasing the flexibility of the device and reducing the dark current. Finally, the device provides ideas for the development of low‐cost, high‐performance direct X‐ray detectors.
1: Invited Talk: Evaluation on anti‐motion‐sickness experience of vehicle display
Authors: Zhang Yunhong , Si Feng , Yang Yi , Liu Guoli , Hu Yuelin
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic comparison of the effects of different vehicle display devices on users' motion sickness responses. To assess these effects, participants with varying sensitivities to motion sickness were selected to use multiple vehicle displays while watching videos. The evaluation of motion sickness responses was primarily based on the standardized Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and relevant electroencephalogram (EEG) indicators. The findings indicated that the types of vehicle displays differed in their ability to induce motion sickness. These findings have significant implications for the design and improvement of vehicle display devices. This information can be utilized by manufacturers to optimize product designs, thereby enhancing user comfort and satisfaction, reducing the occurrence of motion sickness, and ultimately advancing the development of vehicle display technology and enhancing user experience.
P‐13.6: Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Photo‐Aligned Azo‐Dye Thin‐Film Polarizers
Authors: Cheng Yue-Chu , Tseng Man-Chun , Ho Yeuk-Lung , Vashchenko Olena , Vashchenko Valerii , Tang Shu-Tuen , Yeung Sze-Yan , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: June 2024

This study presents the characterization and performance evaluation of photo‐aligned azo‐dye thin‐film polarizers, highlighting their ultra‐thin profiles and superior optical functionalities. Utilizing cost‐effective solution‐processing methods, these high‐efficiency polarizers were developed, with the research pinpointing optimal experimental conditions for peak performance.
P‐13.10: Synthesis and properties of polymerizable liquid crystals based on bistolane
Authors: Che Zhaoyi , Chai Xingxuan , Li Jian
Published: June 2024

New series of polymerizable liquid crystals based on bistolane core and different lateral substituent groups were synthesized and characterized by 1 H‐NMR. The properties of these compounds were tested by DSC, POM and Abbe refractometer. The results indicate that all of these compounds display stable nematic phase, and the introduction of lateral substituents has a significant impact on the phase behaviour and birefringence. These newly compounds present higher birefringence (0.36~0.49) than that of the commercial compounds RM257 because of the extended π‐ conjugated.
P‐15.1: Optical Modeling Simulation and Experiment of Narrow‐Band Emission Tandem OLEDs, Solution‐Processed Hole Injection/Transport OLEDs and Organic Light Emitting Transistors
Authors: Xu Ting , Zhao Kele , Dong Haojie , Meng Lingqiang
Published: June 2024

This study shows the investigations of Multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials and solution‐processed holes injection/transport layers (HITLs) in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), while extending to Organic Light Emitting Transistors (OLETs). Firstly, we explore TBN‐TPA, a blue MR‐TADF material, in single‐unit and tandem OLEDs via optical simulation. The tandem architecture enhances color purity, achieving a narrow full width at half maximum down to 24 nm, thus meeting BT 2020 standards. This marks the first instance of tandem OLEDs improving both efficiency and color performance of a multi‐resonance TADF emitter. Concurrently, we investigate the regulation of solution‐processed HITL compositions in OLEDs, aiming to improve charge injection and optical waveguiding. The adoption of solution‐processed HITLs reduces the turn‐on voltage and enhances power efficiency by 8.81% at a brightness of 5000 cd/m2 compared to vacuum‐deposited HITLs. By adjusting the composition of solution‐based PEDOT:PSS/TAPC as HITL, we effectively mitigate hole injection barriers and improve surface morphology, establishing an optical waveguide within the OLED structure. This holistic investigation employs optical simulation to advance high‐performance and cost‐effective OLEDs and OLETs for lighting and displays.
P‐15.2: A High Precision Segmented OLED Device Model
Authors: Wei Zhixi
Published: June 2024

The development of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) devices
has shown numerous advantages to date. To further develop and
optimize OLED technology, modeling research has become crucial.
However, existing OLED physical models are not conducive to
industrial applications, and the accuracy of equivalent circuit
models is insufficient. In this paper, a high‐precision segmented
OLED device model is introduced, dividing the voltage into four
regions for construction. This model can simulate and accurately
predict the current‐voltage characteristics and capacitance‐voltage
characteristics of OLED devices. Finally, the proposed model is
imported into software for fitting, and simulation results show very
small overall and partition errors, demonstrating good predictive
performance in terms of voltage scalability.
P‐15.3: A Compensation Algorithm for Mura of OLED Display
Authors: Sunke
Published: June 2024

Due to the industrial production process of OLED display and their inherent electric drive, there is a phenomenon of uneven overall brightness (Mura). This paper focuses on the traditional DeMura process where the compensation grayscale exceeds the compensation range; the required resource expenditure is too high and Mura phenomenon is hard to overcome in high grayscale. To solve above problems, an algorithm of DeMura has been designed. Based on the characteristics of OLED display pixels and the barrel effect, the compensation target curve was reconstructed; extract and add brightness data of OLED screens at high grayscale based on the fitting results of the brightness input grayscale curve of each pixel, and compensate for the extracted grayscale; construct a functional relationship between compensation grayscale and input grayscale. After verification, this algorithm significantly saves resource consumption while ensuring that the compensated grayscale of each pixel is within a reasonable compensation range. At the same time, it makes the maximum brightness standard deviation reduced from 0.054 to 0.002, effectively suppressing Mura when displaying high grayscale.
P‐15.4: Failure Analysis of OLED Module Display Edge Bluish and White Spot at Outdoor Weathering Test
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Zhou Zhiyi , Lei Bolin , Chen Zhaoli , Yang Xiaoming , Li Weilong , Gao Xiaoyu
Published: June 2024

With the continuing prosperity of OLED display markets, the reliability demand of OLED display turned to be increasingly diverse. The outdoor weathering test is a type of light exposure test to measure the radiation durability, and also is a threat to the polymeric materials [1][2] . During the test, as the testing duration increased, the OLED display luminance decreased, meanwhile the edge bluish and white spot(fig.1) failure occurred. In this paper, we disclose the cause and the probable mechanism of the OLED display failure during Outdoor weathering test.
P‐15.12: 2.06" HD AMOLED Smart Watch with Metal‐oxide TFT Back Panel
Authors: Huang Qi , Qiao Xiaoping , Lin Qiwei , Zhang Qilin , Xu Qian , Lin Zhibin , Xie Huanyu , Qiu Di , Yue Huaqi , Chen Yuhuai , Liu Yanxin , Luo Jinkai , Cao Weina , Liu Shaofan , Su Chih-Yu
Published: June 2024

Based on the AMOLED panel with Indium Gallium Zinc Tin Oxide (IGZTO) Thin Film Transistor (TFT) backplane technology, we have successfully developed a 2.06 inch high definition smart watch whose metal oxide TFT with back channel (BCE) structure is fabricated on the 6th generation glass substrates. Metal oxide TFT has the advantages of low leakage current, low cost, high reliability, high mobility and good uniformity.[1,2]

The field mobility of the AMOLED TFT device developed in this paper is 12.22 cm2 /V‐sec, the Vth (threshold voltage) is 1.20V, the lon/Ioff (switch ratio) is 1.16E+08, and the SS (sub‐threshold swing) is 0.19 V/decade, which proves the high reliability of metal oxide TFT. Good optical and electrical properties are demonstrated. The red and green OLEDs achieve current efficiencies of 76.4 cd/A and 139 cd/A, respectively. And the blue index of the OLED is 154. The RGB OLEDs show low driving voltage of 3.13V, 3.5V and 3.67V, respectively.
P‐15.13: The Method of Improving Flicker Of AMOLED In Low Frame Rate
Authors: Liu Chuandong , Zhu Xiujian , Ge Mingwei , Tan Xiaoping , Tang Tao , Wang Yuqing , Zhang Chunlei
Published: June 2024

A method is proposed to adjust brightness by frame to Improve the Flicker in low frame rate, especially at low display brightness for AMLOED panels.
P‐15.14: The Study of Etching Pattern in OLED Display Based on Touch Panel Design
Authors: Yi Xinrong , Zhang Shuang , Zhang Lei , Li Hui , Yang Xinshuai , Dang Pengle , Liu Tongmin
Published: June 2024

There are metal and space regions in the touch panel (TP) pattern. Their optical performance are not the same due to the difference of reflectivity. Besides, spectral response of the human eye is different to light of various wavelengths. Human have different brightness sensations for light with the same radiation power but different wavelengths, and most sensitive to the light of 555nm wavelength, which is called visual sensitivity characteristics. Thus, texture similar to touch panel pattern can be seen in specified directions. Shadowless is to eliminate or attenuate the visual differences. To achieve the desired effect, increasing the quantity of space in the metal region which can uniform the spaces distribution, adjusting the fracture mode of the space region, and adjusting the space gap are all valid ways to reduce visibility of etching pattern. Sputtering SiNx / Nb2O5 on the metal layer that is etched by hydrofluoric (HF) acid to rough the surface is also an effective method to shadowless, which can lower reflectivity on metal regions. Delta R is reduced, and pattern visible phenomenon disappears or weakens.
P‐15.15: Improvement of a‐IGZO TFTs Electrical Characteristics for Short Channel TFTs
Authors: Wang Ming , Choi Yongho , Wang Anjun , Zhao Ce , Yan Liangchen , Yu Jianwei
Published: June 2024

The electrical characteristics of top gate a IGZO TFTs with a different Buffer SiO2 and IGZO Deposition condition investigated and compared in this paper. To improve electrical performance of short channel (L=4um) a IGZO TFT we have been optimized Buffer SiO SiO2 & IGZO film in carrier density and developed the IGZO Metallization method. We achieved the stable electrical characteristic by controlled carrier diffusion length. Through the Carrier Density optimization in IG ZO film, the Vth variation due to the reduction of channel length is improved from 9.7V to 0.7V.
P‐15.22: Research on Quantitative Evaluation Method for MURA and Demura Algorithm Capability
Authors: Chen Xinquan , Chu Wenquan , Liu Ke , Li Xuan , Dang Pengle
Published: June 2024

MURA is an inevitable topic in AMOLED technology and remains central to research aimed at enhancing image quality and yield rates. The de‐mura algorithm, implemented via DDIC, stands out as the most cost‐effective and efficient solution among various approaches. However, due to its complexity, assessing the extent of AMOLED MURA and the efficacy of the de‐mura algorithm has predominantly relied on expert visual judgment, complicating the application of a quantifiable method for swift determination in both algorithm development and production stages. This paper proposes a method for the quantitative evaluation of MURA severity and de‐mura algorithm performance. Initially, high‐definition camera images capture and sample the panel's raw data. Subsequently, this data undergoes processing with visual image generation technology to create a target value delta table, representing MURA across different dimensions, as illustrated in Figure 1. Lastly, the paper introduces a fast, adaptive quantization evaluation approach, conducting targeted demonstrations that align with actual data on brightness and color uniformity, high‐frequency MURA, and edge MURA.
P‐15.23: The Analysis and solution of the abnormal mura phenomenon on the edge of the AMOLED COE screen
Authors: Da Shixun , Zhu Chao , Fan Wenzhi , Li Yao , Xu Weiqi , Chen Hang , Zhang Aowen , Yang Yunqiang , Shao Libin
Published: June 2024

In this Work, Colorfilter on encapsulation (COE) technology, as a new display technology, is accelerating its application to various OLED display device terminals; however, due to the prepositioning of the depolarizer technology to the screen manufacturing process (usually after the TSP), the COE Panel is often affected by the front‐end manufacturing process and has certain edge‐brightening issues. In this study, we explore the edge‐ brightening or edge‐coloring issues of COE products based on the main influencing factor of the Ink Jet Printing (IJP) film edge morphology, and solve the related problems through process optimization. We also develop process rules.
P‐16.2: A Method for Detection of Ink Droplet Volume Distribution Based on Bayesian Theorem
Authors: Li Xin , Yue Xiao , Ye Wen , Fu Yu , Chen Jiankui
Published: June 2024

Inkjet printing technology is an emerging manufacturing technique for OLED display devices, where changes in droplet volume after continuous printing are a common issue. Changes in ink properties and disturbances from external environmental factors inevitably lead to variations in droplet volume, which may result in printing defects. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the volume of droplets during production to ensure they meet production requirements. However, existing techniques for measuring droplet volume are time‐consuming and cannot complete the inspection of all nozzles within a limited time interval.

This paper proposes a droplet volume distribution detection method based on Bayesian Theorem. By acquiring historical droplet volume data from the nozzles to design a prior distribution, and inspecting a subset of nozzle volumes, the posterior distribution of ink droplet volume is derived using Bayesian Theorem in conjunction with the prior distribution. Finally, the accuracy of this method was verified on the NEJ‐PR200 inkjet printing equipment. The results show that after sampling 10% of the nozzles, the estimated distribution trend is consistent with the actual situation, and after sampling 20% of the nozzles, the estimation error is less than 3% in the mean volume of ink droplets. Moreover, as the number of samples increases, the accuracy of the estimation also gradually improves.
P‐19.1: Investigation on the Influence of Physical Isolation Structures on Mini LED Single‐Zone Light Shape and Halo Effect
Authors: Lin Yazhang , Liu Hui , Wang Junlei , Wang Shufen , Li Ronghua , Li Xiongping
Published: June 2024

In order to investigate the impact of physical isolation structures on the halo effect in Mini LED display products, we introduce the concept of single‐zone light shape and convolution method. Based on this, we design physical isolation structures with different heights and measure the corresponding single‐zone light shapes. By analyzing the single‐zone light shapes, we can understand the correlation between the physical isolation structures and the halo effect.
P‐19.7: Ambient Contrast Ratio Improvement of Low Reflection LCD for Automotive Application
Authors: CHEN Lihong , FANG Liting , WU Ling , LI Xiaohe
Published: June 2024

A LCD for a 12.3 inch vehicle dashboard was proposed to enhance ambient contrast ratio. The LCD can achieve 0.8% reflection by using AR treatment and optimizing shielding layer material. It demonstrates high contrast ratio and color gamut under high ambient light situation.
P‐19.8: 3D Object Detection Data Improvement Based on LiDAR for Autonomous Driving in Adverse Weather Conditions
Authors: Wu Junming , Li Wanlin
Published: June 2024

The current three‐dimensional target detection algorithm for smart cars mainly uses three‐dimensional point cloud data collected by LiDAR. Effectively detect target objects in three‐dimensional space by applying various deep learning algorithms. However, under adverse weather conditions (such as rain, snow, fog, etc.), point cloud data collected by LiDAR may be distorted due to scattering and refraction. This affects the performance of the three‐dimensional target detection algorithm. This may lead to missed or incorrect detection of target objects, thereby affecting the driving safety and riding comfort of smart cars. This paper introduces two mainstream data processing strategies, namely data enhancement method in the model training stage and data preprocessing method in the model testing stage. Combine the two to improve model performance under the influence of adverse weather.
Electronic Devices Based on Heterostructures of 2D Materials and Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Jiang Yu , Ju Hongyu , He Suhang , Jia Chuancheng , Guo Xuefeng
Published: June 2024

2D materials (2DMs), known for their atomically ultrathin structure, exhibit remarkable electrical and optical properties. Similarly, molecular self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) with comparable atomic thickness show an abundance of designable structures and properties. The strategy of constructing electronic devices through unique heterostructures formed by van der Waals assembly between 2DMs and molecular SAMs not only enables device miniaturization, but also allows for convenient adjustment of their structures and functions. In this review, the fundamental structures and fabrication methods of three different types of electronic devices dominated by 2DM‐SAM heterojunctions with varying architectures are timely elaborated. Based on these heterojunctions, their fundamental functionalities and characteristics, as well as the regulation of their performance by external stimuli, are further discussed.
A multi‐dimensional index of evaluating systems thinking skills from textual data
Authors: Liu Ning‐Yuan Georgia , Mahmoudi Hesam , Triantis Konstantinos , Ghaffarzadegan Navid
Published: June 2024

Systems thinking (ST) includes a set of critical skills and approaches for addressing today's complex societal problems. Therefore, it has been introduced into the curricula of many educational programmes around the world. Despite all the attention to ST, there is less consensus when it comes to evaluating and assessing ST skills. Particularly, a quantitative assessment approach that captures ST's multi‐dimensionality is crucial when evaluating the degree to which one has learned and utilizes ST. This paper proposes a systematic approach to create such a multi‐dimensional Index of ST from textual data. Initially, we provide an overview of the theoretical background as it pertains to different measurement approaches of ST skills. Then we provide a conceptual framework based on ST skill measures and transform this framework into a quantifiable model. Finally, using student data, we provide an illustration of an integrated index of ST skills. We compute this index by using a mixed methods approach, including robust principal component analysis, data envelopment analysis and two‐staged bootstrapping approach. The results show that (i) our model serves as a systematic multi‐dimensional ST approach by including multiple measures of ST skills and (ii) international students and self‐reported math skills are found as significant predictors of one's level of ST in the graduate student dataset (N = 30), however no significant factors are found in the first‐year engineering student dataset (N = 144).
Societal sustainability consciousness and its influence on corporate responsibility uptake in Jordan’s business sector
Authors: Mansour Ahmad , Al-Ma’aitah Mohammad , Deek Anan , Alshaketheep Khaled , Shajrawi Ahmad
Published: June 2024

The involvement of the private sector in fostering sustainable development is propelled by significant advancements in commercial and industrial spheres. However, despite these advancements, there is a noticeable decline in corporate social responsibility, attributed to various factors such as scepticism among owners or board members regarding sustainability concepts and the perceived high costs associated with adopting sustainable technologies. This paper endeavours to investigate the relationship between community responsiveness and the extent of businesses’ commitment to sustainability in the context of Jordan. Utilizing a mixed methods approach comprising interviews and a comprehensive questionnaire, data was collected from a sample of two hundred and ten members of the Jordan community through an online platform. The collected data underwent rigorous analysis including descriptive and regression analyses as well as relevant correlations. Encouragingly, the findings of this study reveal a robust association between individuals’ social consciousness and their support for businesses and organizations operating within the Jordan community. Future research endeavours could further explore additional influential factors. The conclusions drawn from this research hold potential significance as they may provide valuable insights for incentivizing businesses to enhance their effectiveness and efficiency in cultivating a genuine societal commitment to sustainability, thereby contributing to scholarly discourse on the subject.
Vibro stone as periodic wave barriers for train-induced vibration attenuation of Lamb and surface waves
Authors: Oyelade Akintoye O. , Zeng Chao , Randle Emmanuel I. , Ogunjimi Rebecca O.
Published: June 2024

The rising cost of traditional foundations (e.g., concrete piles) and their environmental limits have prompted using natural ways to strengthen poor soils. The Vibro stone column technique has grown in popularity in the building industry because it is a cost-effective and ecologically friendly way of strengthening the soil-bearing capacity of poor soil and avoiding the risk of soil liquefaction. The usage of stone columns in soft clay as periodic wave barriers to attenuate undesirable waves is numerically examined in this paper. The finite element method was used to investigate the band gap characteristics of Lamb and surface waves in the periodic structures of the stone column. In both wave analyses, eigenfrequency simulation, mode shapes simulation, frequency domain simulation, and time transient simulation are used to investigate the traditional vibroflot shape and proposed square and notch types vibroflot. It was established that the notch type vibroflot performed excellently in attenuating Lamb and surface waves compared to the traditional and square vibroflot types. The numerical outcomes in the frequency and time domains support the attenuation impact of finite Vibro stone in the band gap as well as the phenomena of attenuation broadening brought on by the dissipation of leak modes into the bulk. As a result, the proposed barriers can be used to shield the broadband incident waves generated by both Lamb and surface waves by trains in a tunnel.
Hydrodynamic Instabilities and Turbulence
Authors: Zhou Ye
Published: June 2024

Turbulent mixing induced by hydrodynamic instabilities is found in many high- and low- energy-density regimes, ranging from supernovae to inertial confinement fusion to scramjet engines. While these applications have long been recognized, unprecedented advances in both computational and experimental tools have provided novel, critical insights to the field. Incorporating the most recent theoretical, computational, and experimental results, this title provides a comprehensive yet accessible description of turbulent mixing driven by Rayleigh–Taylor, Richtmyer–Meshkov, and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities. An overview of core concepts and equations is provided, followed by detailed descriptions of complex and turbulent flows. The influences of stabilizing mechanisms, rotations, magnetic fields, and time-dependent accelerations on the evolution of hydrodynamic instabilities are explained. This book is ideal for advanced undergraduates as well as graduates beginning research in this exciting field, while also functioning as an authoritative reference volume for researchers in the wide range of disciplines for which it has applications.
Evidence for core social goal understanding (and, perhaps, core morality) in preverbal infants
Authors: Hamlin J. Kiley
Published: June 2024

Spelke's What Babies Know masterfully describes infants’ impressive repertoire of core cognitive concepts, from which the suite of human knowledge is eventually built. The current commentary argues for the existence of a core concept that Spelke claims preverbal infants lack: social goal. Core social goal concepts, operative extremely early in human development, underlie infants’ basic abilities to interpret and evaluate entities within the moral world; such abilities support claims for a core moral domain.
Not all core knowledge systems are created equal, and they are subject to revision in both children and adults
Authors: Liu Rongzhi , Xu Fei
Published: June 2024

Core knowledge systems play an important role in theories of cognitive development. However, recent studies suggest that fundamental principles of the object and agent systems can be revised by adults and preschoolers, when given small amounts of counterevidence. We argue that not all core knowledge systems are created equal, and they may be subject to revision throughout development.
Learning in the social being system
Authors: Jenkin Zoe , Markson Lori
Published: June 2024

We argue that the core social being system is unlike other core systems in that it participates in frequent, widespread learning. As a result, the social being system is less constant throughout the lifespan and less informationally encapsulated than other core systems. This learning supports the development of the precursors of bias, but also provides avenues for preempting it.
Substances as a core domain
Authors: Hespos Susan J. , Rips Lance J.
Published: June 2024

Central to What Babies Know (Spelke, 2022) is the thesis that infants' understanding is divided into independent modules of core knowledge. As a test case, we consider adding a new domain: core knowledge of substances. Experiments show that infants' understanding of substances meets some criteria of core knowledge, and they raise questions about the relations that hold between core domains.
How important is it to learn language rather than create it?
Authors: Goldin-Meadow Susan
Published: June 2024

I focus here on concepts that are not part of core knowledge – the ability to treat people as social agents with shareable mental states. Spelke proposes that learning language from another might account for the development of these concepts. I suggest that homesigners, who create language rather than learn it, may be a potential counterexample to this hypothesis.
Incorporating H‐κ Stacking With Monte Carlo Joint Inversion of Multiple Seismic Observables: A Case Study for the Northwestern US
Authors: Wu Hanxiao , Sui Siyuan , Shen Weisen
Published: June 2024

Accurately determining the seismic structure of the continental deep crust is crucial for understanding its geological evolution and continental dynamics in general. However, traditional tools such as surface waves often face challenges in solving the trade‐offs between elastic parameters and discontinuities. In this work, we present a new approach that combines two established inversion techniques, receiver function H‐κ stacking and joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver function waveforms, within a Bayesian Monte Carlo (MC) framework to address these challenges. Demonstrated by synthetic tests, the new method greatly reduces trade‐offs between critical parameters, such as the deep crustal Vs, Moho depth, and crustal Vp/Vs ratio. This eliminates the need for assumptions regarding crustal Vp/Vs ratios in joint inversion, leading to a more accurate outcome. Furthermore, it improves the precision of the upper mantle velocity structure by reducing its trade‐off with Moho depth. Additional notes on the sources of bias in the results are also included. Application of the new approach to USArray stations in the Northwestern US reveals consistency with previous studies and identifies new features. Notably, we find elevated Vp/Vs ratios in the crystalline crust of regions such as coastal Oregon, suggesting potential mafic composition or fluid presence. Shallower Moho depth in the Basin and Range indicates reduced crustal support to the elevation. The uppermost mantle Vs, averaging 5 km below Moho, aligns well with the Pn‐derived Moho temperature variations, offering the potential of using Vs as an additional constraint to Moho temperature and crustal thermal properties.
Catalogue of drought events in peninsular Spanish along 1916–2020 period
Authors: Trullenque-Blanco Víctor , Beguería Santiago , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. , Peña-Angulo Dhais , González-Hidalgo Carlos
Published: June 2024

We leveraged the most extensive and detailed gridded database of monthly precipitation data across the Spanish mainland (MOPREDAScentury), encompassing 1916–2020 time period, to pinpoint the most severe drought events within this timeframe and analyse their spatio-temporal dynamics. To identify these events, we employed the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at a 12-month timescale. Drought events were identified as periods of at least three months where significantly dry conditions affected 20% or more of the study area, defined as grid cells with SPI values lower than −0.84. Our analysis revealed a total of 40 major drought events. Our catalogue contains detailed information on each episode’s spatial extent, duration, severity, and spatio-temporal dynamics. The analysis of the propagation patterns of the events unveils substantial heterogeneity, implying that droughts stem from diverse atmospheric mechanisms, further influenced by complex local topography. The open-licensed drought database serves as a valuable resource. It not only facilitates exploration of drought onset and evolution mechanisms but also aids in assessing drought impact on agricultural and other socio-economic sectors.
Comprehensive Collection of Whole-Slide Images and Genomic Profiles for Patients with Bladder Cancer
Authors: Xu Pei-Hang , Li Tianqi , Qu Fengmei , Tian Mingkang , Wang Jun , Gan Hualei , Ye Dingwei , Ren Fei , Shen Yijun
Published: June 2024

Bladder cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in the urinary system. Understanding genomic information is important in the treatment and prognosis of bladder cancer, but the current method used to identify mutations is time-consuming and labor-intensive. There are now many novel and convenient ways to predict cancerous genomics from pathological slides. However, the publicly available datasets are limited, especially for Asian populations. In this study, we developed a dataset consisting of 75 Asian cases of bladder cancers and 112 Whole-Slide Images with one to two images obtained for each patient. This dataset provides information on the most frequently and clinically significant mutated genes derived by whole-exome sequencing in these patients. This dataset will facilitate exploration and development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for bladder cancer.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of commensal staphylococci isolated from young volunteers in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Hamdy Aisha , Marciniak Tessa , Alseqely Mustafa , Ziebuhr Wilma , Abouelmagd Elsayed , Abouelfetouh Alaa
Published: June 2024

Nasally colonized staphylococci carry antibiotic resistance genes and may lead to serious opportunistic infections. We are investigating nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococci other than S. aureus (SOSA) among young volunteers in Egypt to determine their risk potential. Nasal swabs collected over 1 week in June 2019 from 196 volunteers were cultured for staphylococcus isolation. The participants were interviewed to assess sex, age, general health, hospitalization and personal hygiene habits. Identification was carried out using biochemical tests and VITEK 2 automated system. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration tests were performed to determine antibiotic susceptibility. Screening for macrolide resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, ermT and msrA) was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Thirty four S. aureus and 69 SOSA were obtained. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was detected among most staphylococcal species, ranging from 30.77% among S. hominis to 50% among S. epidermidis. Phenotypic resistance to all tested antibiotics, except for linezolid, was observed. Susceptibility to rifampicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin was highest. ermB showed the highest prevalence among all species (79.41% and 94.2% among S. aureus and SOSA, respectively), and constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance was equally observed in S. aureus and SOSA (11.11% and 16.22%, respectively), whereas inducible MLSB resistance was more often found in S. aureus (77.78% and 43.24%, respectively). The species or resistance level of the carried isolates were not significantly associated with previous hospitalization or underlying diseases. Although over all colonization and carriage of resistance genes are within normal ranges, the increased carriage of MDR S. aureus is alarming. Also, the fact that many macrolide resitance genes were detected should be a warning sign, particularly in case of MLSB inducible phenotype. More in depth analysis using whole genome sequencing would give a better insight into the MDR staphylococci in the community in Egypt.
Evaluating the low-rank coal degradation efficiency bioaugmented with activated sludge
Authors: Kozhakhmetova Marzhan , Akimbekov Nuraly , Digel Ilya , Tastambek Kuanysh
Published: June 2024

Microbial bioaugmentation of coal is considered as a viable and ecologically sustainable approach for the utilization of low-rank coals (LRC). The search for novel techniques to derive high-value products from LRC is currently of great importance. In response to this demand, endeavors have been undertaken to develop microbially based coal solubilization and degradation techniques. The impact of supplementing activated sludge (AS) as a microbial augmentation to enhance LRC biodegradation was investigated in this study. The LRC and their biodegradation products were characterized using the following methods: excitation-emission Matrices detected fluorophores at specific wavelength positions (O, E, and K peaks), revealing the presence of organic complexes with humic properties. FTIR indicated the increased amount of carboxyl groups in the bioaugmented coals, likely due to aerobic oxidation of peripheral non-aromatic structural components of coal. The bacterial communities of LRC samples are primarily composed of Actinobacteria (up to 36.2%) and Proteobacteria (up to 25.8%), whereas the Firmicutes (63.04%) was the most abundant phylum for AS. The community-level physiological profile analysis showed that the microbial community AS had high metabolic activity of compared to those of coal. Overall, the results demonstrated successful stimulation of LRC transformation through supplementation of exogenous microflora in the form of AS.
Prevalence and factors associated with the correlation between malnutrition and pain in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jaber Mohammad M. , Abdalla Mazen A. , Mizher Aya , Hammoudi Heba , Hamed Farah , Sholi Abrar , AbuTaha Adham , Hassan Mohannad , Taha Sari , Koni Amer A. , Shakhshir Muna , Zyoud Sa’ed H.
Published: June 2024

Malnutrition and pain are common in patients with chronic kidney disease who undergo hemodialysis. Although both pain and malnutrition are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, few studies have explored the correlation between pain and nutritional status. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with pain intensity in patients undergoing hemodialysis, focusing on the risk of malnutrition. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a regional dialysis center in a large tertiary hospital. Convenience sampling was used to recruit adult patients who had undergone hemodialysis for more than three months. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather sociodemographic and clinical data related to dialysis status, comorbidities, and body mass index (BMI). Pain severity and pain interference with functioning domains of the Brief Pain Index (BPI) were used to assess pain, and the malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) was used to assess nutritional status. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to report the findings. The data were analyzed using the 25th version of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) software. Of the final sample of 230 patients, 63.0% were males and 37.0% were females, with an average age of 58.3 years. Almost one-third of the participants had a BMI within the normal range (33.9%), and nearly one-third had a BMI within the underweight range (33.9%). Slightly more than half had a normal nutritional status or mild malnutrition (54.8%), while just under half had moderate or severe malnutrition (45.2%). The prevalence of pain was 47.0%. At the multivariate level, the severity of pain was associated with malnutrition (p < 0.001). Pain interference with function was associated with marital status (p = 0.045), number of comorbidities (p = 0.012), and malnutrition (p < 0.001). The MIS was positively correlated with both the severity of pain and the interference score. Pain and malnutrition were found to be prevalent in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Pain severity was associated with malnutrition, and pain interference was associated with malnutrition, marital status, and the number of comorbidities. Hemodialysis treatment should follow a patient-tailored approach that addresses pain, nutritional status, and associated chronic conditions. In addition, pain assessment and management should be included in the curriculum of nephrology training programs.
Investigating the genetic determination of duration-of-fertility trait in breeding hens
Authors: Luo Wei , Huang Xishi , Li Jingxuan , Gu Lantao
Published: June 2024

The duration-of-fertility (DF), which was defined as the number of days when breeding hens lay fertile eggs following copulation or artificial insemination (AI), is an important economic trait in chick production when it has strong effects on fertile egg output and production costs. Little is known about the underlying genes and molecular markers related to DF trait to date. Here, we measured the DF of 701 Chinese Jinghong hens and 408 Jingfen hens. The DF showed high individual variability and potential for genetic improvement. Then, 192 Jinghong breeding hens were provided for a genome-wide association study, 27 SNPs respectively located in three genomic linkage regions (GGA1:41Kb; GGA3:39Kb and GGA8:39Kb) were suggested to be significantly associated with DF. Particularly, 6 of these 27 SNPs were further verified to be associated with DF in the 701 Jinghong and 408 Jingfen hens using PCR-RFLP genotyping method. These 27 SNPs were also mapped to 7 genes according to their genomic position. Furtherly, 5 of these 7 genes were tested using qPCR. Results show that the CYP2D6, WBP2NL, ESR1 and TGFBR3 mRNA expression levels of hens with long DF were significantly higher than the hens with short DF (P < 0.05). Overall, findings in our research provide new insight into the genetic basis of duration-of-fertility in breeding hens while providing new clues for further functional validation on the DF-related genetic regulation mechanism and improvement of DF through chicken breeding.
Development of data-driven modeling method for nonlinear coupling components
Authors: Ryu Taesan , Baek Seunghun
Published: June 2024

This research introduces a methodology for data-driven regression modeling of components exhibiting nonlinear characteristics, utilizing the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) method. The SINDy method is extended to formulate regression models for interconnecting components with nonlinear traits, yielding governing equations with physically interpretable solutions. The proposed methodology focuses on extracting a model that balances accuracy and sparsity among various regression models. In this process, a comprehensive model was generated using linear term weights and an error histogram. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study involving a sponge gasket with nonlinear characteristics. By contrasting the predictive model with experimental responses, the reliability of the methodology is verified. The results highlight that the regression model, based on the proposed technique, can effectively establish an accurate dynamical system model, accounting for realistic conditions.
CT perfusion-guided administration of IV milrinone is associated with a reduction in delayed cerebral infarction after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Szabo Vivien , Baccialone Sarah , Kucharczak Florentin , Dargazanli Cyril , Garnier Oceane , Pavillard Frederique , Molinari Nicolas , Costalat Vincent , Perrigault Pierre-Francois , Chalard Kevin
Published: June 2024

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a singular pathological entity necessitating early diagnostic approaches and both prophylactic and curative interventions. This retrospective before-after study investigates the effects of a management strategy integrating perfusion computed tomography (CTP), vigilant clinical monitoring and standardized systemic administration of milrinone on the occurrence of delayed cerebral infarction (DCIn). The $${\text{"before"}}$$
"before"
period included 277 patients, and the $${\text{"after"}}$$
"after"
one 453. There was a higher prevalence of Modified Fisher score III/IV and more frequent diagnosis of vasospasm in the $${\text{"after"}}$$
"after"
period. Conversely, the occurrence of DCIn was reduced with the $${\text{"after"}}$$
"after"
management strategy (adjusted OR 0.48, 95% CI [0.26; 0.84]). Notably, delayed ischemic neurologic deficits were less prevalent at the time of vasospasm diagnosis (24 vs 11%, $$p=0.001$$

p
=
0.001

), suggesting that CTP facilitated early detection. In patients diagnosed with vasospasm, intravenous milrinone was more frequently administered (80 vs 54%, $$p<0.001$$

p
<
0.001

) and associated with superior hemodynamics. The present study from a large cohort of aSAH patients suggests, for one part, the interest of CTP in early diagnosis of vasospasm and DCI, and for the other the efficacy of CT perfusion-guided systemic administration of milrinone in both preventing and treating DCIn.
Association between maximum norepinephrine dosage and mortality risk in neonates with septic shock
Authors: Zhong Junjuan , Zhang Jing , Lin Yingyi , Ma Dongju , Mo Jing , Ye Xiuzhen
Published: June 2024

The high-dose usage of norepinephrine is thought to cause high mortality in patients with septic shock. This study aims to explores the correlation between the maximum norepinephrine (NE) dosage (MND) and mortality in neonates with septic shock. This retrospective cohort study included neonates with evidence of septic shock and those who received NE infusion. The study included 123 neonates, with 106 in the survival group and 17 in the death group. The death group exhibited significantly lower birth weight (p = 0.022), 1-min Apgar score (p = 0.005), serum albumin (p < 0.001), and base excess (BE) (p = 0.001) levels, but higher lactate (LAC) levels (p = 0.009) compared to the survival group. MND demonstrated an ROC area under the curve of 0.775 (95% CI 0.63–0.92, p < 0.001) for predicting mortality, with an optimal threshold of 0.3 µg/(kg·min), a sensitivity of 82.4%, and a specificity of 75.5%. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that an MND > 0.3 µg/(kg·min) (OR, 12.08, 95% CI 2.28–64.01) was associated with a significantly higher mortality risk. Spearman rank correlation showed a positive correlation between MND and LAC (r = 0.252, p = 0.005), vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) (r = 0.836, p < 0.001), and a negative correlation with BE (r = − 0.311, p = 0.001). MND > 0.3 µg/(kg min) is a useful predictive marker of mortality in neonatal septic shock.