bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amination of β-hydroxyl acid esters via cooperative catalysis enables access to bio-based β-amino acid esters
Authors: Afanasenko Anastasiia , Yan Tao , Barta Katalin
Published: November 2019

β-amino acid esters are important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and valuable building blocks for materials synthesis. Surprisingly, the waste-free construction of such moieties from readily available or renewable starting materials has not yet been addressed. Here we report on a robust and versatile method for obtaining β-amino acid esters by direct amination of β-hydroxyl acid esters via the borrowing hydrogen methodology using a cooperative catalytic system that comprises a homogeneous ruthenium catalyst and an appropriate Brønsted acid additive. This method allows for the direct amination of esters of 3-hydroxypropionic acid, a top value-added bio-based platform chemical, opening a simple route to access β-amino acid esters from a range of renewable polyols including sugars and glycerol.
A uPAR targeted nanoplatform with an NIR laser-responsive drug release property for tri-modal imaging and synergistic photothermal-chemotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Yu Siming , Huang Guanning , Yuan Riming , Chen Tianfeng
Published: November 2019

A multifunctional Ir complex(iii) loaded nanoplatform is designed for high efficient imaging and therapy of TNBC. The photothermal controlled Ir complex release mechanism and the synergistic anticancer mechanism are elucidated.
Methotrexate–Mn2+ based nanoscale coordination polymers as a theranostic nanoplatform for MRI guided chemotherapy
Authors: Wu Yan , Xu Li , Qian Jiwen , Shi Leilei , Su Yue , Wang Youfu , Li Dawei , Zhu Xinyuan
Published: November 2019

Methotrexate–Mn2+ based NCPs with uniform size and easy fabrication exhibited good MRI and excellent antitumor effects as a novel theranostic nanoplatform.
Copper(ii)-based coordination polymer nanofibers as a highly effective antibacterial material with a synergistic mechanism
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Ye Junwei , Zhang Siqi , Qi Ye , Wang Guangyao , Che Ying , Ning Guiling
Published: November 2019

Copper(ii)-based coordination polymer [Cu(HBTC)(H2O)3] nanofibers with excellent antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus were synthesized.
Analyte transport to micro- and nano-plasmonic structures
Authors: Lynn N. Scott , Špringer Tomáš , Slabý Jiří , Špačková Barbora , Gráfová Michaela , Ermini Maria Laura , Homola Jiří
Published: November 2019

We examine analyte transport to numerous plasmonic micro- and nano-structures having variable fill fraction, and via sensorgram analysis (ssDNA detection), we show that measured rates of transport match well to a simple theoretical model.
Mo2B, an MBene member with high electrical and thermal conductivities, and satisfactory performances in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zha Xian-Hu , Xu Pengxiang , Huang Qing , Du Shiyu , Zhang Rui-Qin
Published: November 2019

Mo2B, a predicted MBene, shows high thermal and electrical conductivities, and a relatively low migration energy barrier for Li ions.
Deciphering the mechanism of copper-catalyzed N-arylation between aryl halides and nitriles: a DFT study
Authors: Ahmad Khalil , Khan Bilal Ahmad , Akhtar Tashfeen , Khan Jahanzeb , Roy Soumendra K.
Published: November 2019

The mechanism of the CuI/DMEDA-catalyzed tandem hydrolysis/N-arylation of benzonitrile with aryl iodide was studied using the DFT method.
A quantum dot-silica composite as an efficient spectral converter in a luminescent down-shifting layer of organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Lim Hong Chul , Koo Ja-Jung , Kim Jae Il , Lee Jin-Kyu , Kim Zee Hwan , Hong Jong-In
Published: November 2019

The power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices with a luminescent down-shifting layer was enhanced by 8.9% compared to pristine OPV devices.
Tuning surface conductivity and stability for high-performance Li- and Mn-rich cathode materials
Authors: Li Zhao , Li Qiang , Zhang Anbang , Wen Wen , Wang Lin , Wang Zhenyao , Wang Jiantao , Lu Shigang , Li Xiaolong , Wang Zhong
Published: November 2019

Li- and Mn-rich (LMR) layered materials with large specific capacities are one of the most promising cathodes for high-energy Li-ion batteries.
The effects of Ni ions' charge disproportionation on the high electrochemical performance of Ni1−xCoxO nanoparticles
Authors: Chuai Mingyan , Zhang Kewei , Chen Xi , Zhang Mingzhe
Published: November 2019

The outstanding electrochemical properties of Ni1−xCoxO electrode materials can be attributed to the Ni ion charge disproportionation, which is caused by Co atom doping.
Physical characteristics of capacitive carbons derived from the electrolytic reduction of alkali metal carbonate molten salts
Authors: Hughes Matthew A. , Bennett Robert D. , Allen Jessica A. , Donne Scott W.
Published: November 2019

Carbons have been synthesized through the reduction of molten carbonate systems under varied conditions.
Essential oil from halophyteLobularia maritima: protective effects against CCl4-induced hepatic oxidative damage in rats and inhibition of the production of proinflammatory gene expression by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Hsouna Anis Ben , Dhibi Sabah , Dhifi Wissal , Saad Rania Ben , Brini Faical , Hfaidh Najla , Mnif Wissem
Published: November 2019

The present study evaluates the chemical profiling of the essential oil of a halophyte,L. maritima(LmEO), and its protective potential against CCl4-induced oxidative stress in rats.
Analysis of amino acids in human tears by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Du Chi-Xin , Huang Zhu
Published: November 2019

Amino acids in human tears play certain physiological roles and their determination is challenging due to complicated chemical properties.
Toxicity testing of MWCNTs to aquatic organisms
Authors: Trompeta Aikaterini-Flora A. , Preiss Iris , Ben-Ami Frida , Benayahu Yehuda , Charitidis Costas A.
Published: November 2019

Optical observation ofArtemia salina′s intestine after 100 mg L−1MWCNT-COOH exposure: the intestine appeared clean and restored to its normal appearance.
Apoferritin encapsulation of cysteine protease inhibitors for cathepsin L inhibition in cancer cells
Authors: Quilles Junior José C. , Carlos Fernanda dos Reis Rocho , Montanari A. , Leitão Andrei , Mignone Viviane W. , Arruda Maria Augusta , Turyanska Lyudmila , Bradshaw Tracey D.
Published: November 2019

Novel apoferritin encapsulated cysteine protease inhibitors are developed with enhanced and selective uptake by cancer cells, and sustained pH-induced release of the agent. The persistent inhibition of cathepsin L is demonstratedin vitro.
Carbon capsule confined Sb2Se3 for fast Na+ extraction in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Ling , Cao Liyun , Huang Jianfeng , Li Jiayin , Chen Shaoyi
Published: November 2019

Uniform carbon capsules can suppress volume change of Sb2Se3 and uniformly release stress, resulting in a stable electrode structure with fast Na+ extraction.
Ionically crosslinked polyelectrolyte nanoparticle formation mechanisms: the significance of mixing
Authors: Yuan Yu , Huang Yan
Published: November 2019

The mixing efficiency significantly affects the ionically-crosslinked polyelectrolyte nanoparticle formation.
Chemical understanding of resistance drift suppression in Ge–Sn–Te phase-change memory materials
Authors: Chen Yuhan , Sun Liang , Zhou Yuxing , Zewdie Getasew M. , Deringer Volker L. , Mazzarello Riccardo , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2019

The degree of Peierls distortion and the fraction of tetrahedral units in amorphous Ge–Sn–Te phase-change memory materials are gradually reduced as the Sn content gets richer.
Carbon-paste nanocomposites as unconventional gate electrodes for electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors: electrical modulation and bio-sensing
Authors: Muñoz Jose , Leonardi Francesca , Özmen Tayfun , Riba-Moliner Marta , González-Campo Arantzazu , Baeza Mireia , Mas-Torrent Marta
Published: November 2019

Nanocomposite carbon-paste electrodes (NC-CPEs) have been investigated for the first time in electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs) as a replacement of conventional metal gate electrodes for bio-sensing applications.
An artificial photosynthesis system comprising a covalent triazine framework as an electron relay facilitator for photochemical carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Zhang Siquan , Wang Shengyao , Guo Liping , Chen Hao , Tan Bien , Jin Shangbin
Published: November 2019

A ternary electron transfer relay photocatalytic system for CO2 reduction was fabricated by decorating a porphyrin-based covalent triazine framework with α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and then further coupled with a Ru complex photosensitizer.
Behind the Scenes of Noninvasive Brain–Computer Interfaces: A Review of Electroencephalography Signals, How They Are Recorded, and Why They Matter
Authors: Pitt Kevin M. , Brumberg Jonathan S. , Burnison Jeremy D. , Mehta Jyutika , Kidwai Juhi
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Brain–computer interface (BCI) techniques may provide computer access for individuals with severe physical impairments. However, the relatively hidden nature of BCI control obscures how BCI systems work behind the scenes, making it difficult to understand “how” electroencephalography (EEG) records the BCI-related brain signals, “what” brain signals are recorded by EEG, and “why” these signals are targeted for BCI control. Furthermore, in the field of speech-language-hearing, signals targeted for BCI application have been of primary interest to clinicians and researchers in the area of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, signals utilized for BCI control reflect sensory, cognitive, and motor processes, which are of interest to a range of related disciplines, including speech science.

Method

This tutorial was developed by a multidisciplinary team emphasizing primary and secondary BCI-AAC–related signals of interest to speech-language-hearing.

Results

An overview of BCI-AAC–related signals are provided discussing (a) “how” BCI signals are recorded via EEG; (b) “what” signals are targeted for noninvasive BCI control, including the P300, sensorimotor rhythms, steady-state evoked potentials, contingent negative variation, and the N400; and (c) “why” these signals are targeted. During tutorial creation, attention was given to help support EEG and BCI understanding for those without an engineering background.

Conclusion

Tutorials highlighting how BCI-AAC signals are elicited and recorded can help increase interest and familiarity with EEG and BCI techniques and provide a framework for understanding key principles behind BCI-AAC design and implementation.
Probing the merger history of red early-type galaxies with their faint stellar substructures
Authors: Mancillas Brisa , Duc Pierre-Alain , Combes Françoise , Bournaud Frédéric , Emsellem Eric , Martig Marie , Michel-Dansac Leo
Published: November 2019

Several detailed observations, such as those carried out at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), have revealed prominent Low Surface Brightness (LSB) fine structures that lead to a change in the apparent morphology of galaxies. Previous photometry surveys have developed observational techniques which make use of the diffuse light detected in the external regions of galaxies. In these studies, the outer perturbations have been identified and classified. These include tidal tails, stellar streams, and shells. These structures serve as tracers for interacting events and merging events and retain some memory of the mass assembly of galaxies. Cosmological numerical simulations are required to estimate their visibility timescale, among other properties, in order to reconstruct the merger history of galaxies. In the present work, we analyze a hydrodynamical cosmological simulation to build up a comprehensive interpretation of the properties of fine structures. We present a census of several types of LSB fine structures compiled using a visual inspection of individual snapshots at various points in time. We reconstruct the evolution of the number of fine structures detected around an early-type galaxy and we compare it with the merger history of the galaxy. We find that most fine structures are associated with major and intermediate mass merger events. Their survival timescale ranges between 0.7 and 4 Gyr. Shells and streams remain visible for a longer time, while tidal tails have a shorter lifetime. These estimates for the survival time of collisional debris provide clues for the interpretation of the shape and frequency of fine structures observed in deep images with regard to their mass assembly. We find that the detectability of stellar streams is most sensitive at the surface brightness limit, demonstrating greater visibility at the deepest surface brightness level used in our simulation. We see between two and three times more streams based on a surface brightness cut of 33 mag arcsec−2 than with 29 mag arcsec−2. We find that the detection of shells is strongly dependent upon the projection angle.
Application of the lines of defence method to the molten salt fast reactor in the framework of the SAMOFAR project
Authors: Beils Stéphane , Gérardin Delphine , Uggenti Anna Chiara , Carpignano Andrea , Dulla Sandra , Merle Elsa , Heuer Daniel , Allibert Michel
Published: November 2019

The Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) with its liquid circulating fuel and its fast neutron spectrum calls for a new safety approach and adaptation of the analysis tools. In the frame of the Horizon2020 program SAMOFAR (Safety Assessment of the Molten Salt Fast Reactor), a safety approach suitable for Molten Salt Reactors has been developed and is now applied to the MSFR. For this purpose, the Lines of Defence (LoD) method is selected to drive the design consistently with the Defence in Depth principle. This paper presents the main characteristics of the method, along with some practical guidelines to apply it to the specific case of the MSFR; moreover, some initiating events are analyzed through the implementation of the LoD tool. The outcomes of this analysis drive the design evolution.
Heat exchanger design studies for molten salt fast reactor
Authors: Köse Uğur , Koç Ufuk , Erbay Latife Berrin , Öğüt Erdem , Ayhan Hüseyin
Published: November 2019

In this study, conceptual design for primary heat exchanger of the Molten Salt Fast Reactor is made. The design was carried out to remove the produced heat from the reactor developed under the SAMOFAR project. Nominal power of the reactor is 3 GWth and it has 16 heat exchangers. There are several requirements related to the heat exchanger. To sustain the steady-state conditions, heat exchangers have to transfer the heat produced in the core and it has to maintain the temperature drop as much as the temperature rise in the core due to the fission. It should do it as fast as possible. It must also ensure that the fuel temperature does not reach the freezing temperature to avoid solidification. In doing so, the fuel volume in the heat exchanger must not exceed the specified limit. Design studies were carried out taking into account all requirements and final geometric configurations were determined. Plate type heat exchanger was adopted in this study. 3D CFD analyses were performed to investigate the thermal-hydraulic behavior of the system. Analyses were made by ANSYS-Fluent commercial code. Results are in a good agreement with limitations and requirements specified for the reactor designed under the SAMOFAR project.
Influence of Foetal Macrosomia on the Neonatal and Maternal Birth Outcome
Authors: Pahlitzsch Tamara Margit Jutta , Hanne Laura , Henrich Wolfgang , Weichert Alexander
Published: November 2019

Introduction Foetal macrosomia is associated with various obstetrical complications and is a common reason for inductions and primary or secondary Caesarean sections. The objective of this study is the generation of descriptive data on the mode of delivery and on maternal and foetal complications in the case of foetal macrosomia. The causes and consequences of foetal macrosomia as well as the rate of shoulder dystocia are examined in relation to the severity of the macrosomia.

Patients The study investigated all singleton births ≥ 37 + 0 weeks of pregnancy with a birth weight ≥ 4000 g at the Charité University Medicine Berlin (Campus Mitte 2001 – 2017, Campus Virchow Klinikum 2014 – 2017).

Results 2277 consecutive newborns (birth weight 4000 – 4499 g [88%], 4500 – 4999 g [11%], ≥ 5000 g [1%]) were included. Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes were more common in the case of newborns weighing ≥ 4500 g than newborns weighing 4000 – 4499 g (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). Women with newborns ≥ 5000 g were more often ≥ 40 years of age (p = 0.020) and multipara (p = 0.025). The mode of delivery was spontaneous in 60% of cases, vaginal-surgical in 9%, per primary section in 14% and per secondary section in 17%. With a birth weight ≥ 4500 g, a vaginal delivery was more rare (p < 0.001) and the rate of secondary sections was increased (p = 0.011). Women with newborns ≥ 4500 g suffered increased blood loss more frequently (p = 0.029). There was no significant difference with regard to the rate of episiotomies or serious birth injuries. Shoulder dystocia occurred more frequently at a birth weight of ≥ 4500 g (5 vs. 0.9%, p = 0.000). Perinatal acidosis occurred in 2% of newborns without significant differences between the groups. Newborns ≥ 4500 g were transferred to neonatology more frequently (p < 0.001).

Conclusion An increased birth weight is associated with an increased maternal risk and an increased rate of primary and secondary sections as well as shoulder dystocia; no differences in the perinatal outcome between newborns with a birth weight of 4000 – 4499 g and ≥ 4500 g were seen. In our collective, a comparably low incidence of shoulder dystocia was seen. In the literature, the frequency is indicated with a large range (1.9 – 10% at 4000 – 4499 g, 2.5 – 20% at 4500 – 5000 g and 10 – 20% at ≥ 5000 g). One possible cause for the low rate could be the equally low prevalence of gestational diabetes in our collective. A risk stratification of the pregnant women (e.g. avoidance of vacuum extraction, taking gestational diabetes into account during delivery planning) is crucial. If macrosomia is presumed, it is recommended that delivery take place at a perinatal centre in the presence of a specialist physician, due to the increased incidence of foetal and maternal complications.
Heilpflanzen aus der arabischen Tradition für die Wundbehandlung und Dermatologie
Authors: Müller Johannes
Published: November 2019

Einige Pflanzen zur Wundbehandlung, die der mittelalterlichen arabischen Tradition entstammen, wurden in Europa bis weit in die Frühe Neuzeit hinein zu diesem Zweck genutzt, sind jedoch heute nahezu vergessen. Sie und ähnliche traditionelle Wundheilpflanzen bieten großes Potenzial nicht nur für die aktuelle Dermotherapie und Wundbehandlung, sondern auch für die zukünftige Suche nach Wirkstoffen.
Video anoscopy: results of routine anal examination during colonoscopies
Authors: Gomes Alexandre , Minata Maurício Kazuyoshi , Jukemura José , de Moura Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux
Published: November 2019

Background and study aims Anal examination and video anoscopy (VA) are rarely performed during colonoscopies. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that anal examination and VA provide important information in all routine colonoscopies.

Patients and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 12,151 patients screened by VA which were performed during routine outpatient colonoscopy between 2006 and 2018. The aspects studied were: normal examination; hemorrhoidal disease; thrombosed hemorrhoids; anal fissure; perianal Crohn’s Disease; perianal fistula; condyloma; polyps; neoplasms; stenosis; bleeding.

Results Of the colonoscopies performed on 12,151 patients, 9,364 cases (77.06 %) presented some alterations. Internal I degree hemorrhoids (5911 – 48.65 %); internal hemorrhoids of II, III and IV degrees (2362 – 19.44 %); thrombosed hemorrhoids (120 – 0.99 %); bleeding (56 – 0.46 %); fissure (415 – 3.42 %); perianal fistula (42 – 0.35 %); perianal Crohn’s Disease (34 – 0.28 %); condylomas (18 – 0.15 %); anal stenosis (30 – 0.25 %); other findings (310 – 2.55 %); polyps (62 – 0.51 %), one of which was adenomatous with high-grade dysplasia; four cases of anal canal neoplasia (0.03 %): two cases of squamous cell carcinoma and two cases of adenocarcinoma.

Conclusion The association of routine video anoscopy during colonoscopy improved diagnosis of neoplastic anal lesions, allowed correct classification of the degree of hemorrhoidal disease, helped to confirm the bleeding site and detected other anal pathologies. The main findings were hemorrhoidal diseases, fissures and perianal fistulas. The study suggests that VA should be used in all colonoscopies.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage for distal malignant obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Miller Corey S. , Barkun Alan N. , Martel Myriam , Chen Yen-I
Published: November 2019

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biliary drainage (BD) is increasingly used for distal malignant biliary obstruction, yet its safety and efficacy compared to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) remain unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to improve our understanding of the role of EUS-BD in this patient population.

Methods We searched Embase, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and ISI Web of Knowledge through September 2018 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing EUS-BD to ERCP-BD or PTBD as treatment of distal malignant biliary obstruction. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were combined using random effects models. The primary outcome was risk of stent/catheter dysfunction requiring reintervention.

Results Of six trials identified, three (n = 222) compared EUS-BD to ERCP-BD for first-line therapy; three others (n = 132) evaluated EUS-BD versus PTBD after failed ERCP-BD. EUS-BD was associated with a decreased risk of stent/catheter dysfunction overall (RR, 0.39; 95 %CI 0.27 – 0.57) and in planned subgroup analysis when compared to ERCP (RR, 0.41; 95 %CI 0.23 – 0.74) or PTBD (RR, 0.37, 95 %CI 0.22 – 0.61). Compared to ERCP, EUS was associated with a decreased risk of post-procedure pancreatitis (RR, 0.12; 95 %CI 0.01 – 0.97). No differences were noted in technical or clinical success.

Conclusions In a meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing EUS-BD to conventional biliary drainage modalities, no difference in technical or clinical success was observed. Importantly, EUS-BD was associated with decreased risks of stent/catheter dysfunction when compared to both PTBD and ERCP, and decreased post-procedure pancreatitis when compared to ERCP, suggesting the potential role for EUS-BD as an alternative first-line therapy in distal malignant biliary obstruction.
Diagnostic Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Arthrography for Intra-Articular Pathologies of the Hip Joint
Authors: Lerch Solveig , Lorenz Janne , Kasperczyk Andreas , Rühmann Oliver
Published: November 2019

Introduction In no other country magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is as frequently used as in Germany. The studyʼs aim is to analyse a daily referral procedure for hip MRI in German healthcare and to estimate ineffective costs for the healthcare system.

Material and Methods Over one year 203 consecutive MRIs of the hip joint were analysed retrospectively. Referrals were reviewed for their indications, e.g. prevalence of MRIs to detect intra-articular pathologies in the German population was estimated with data of three health insurances.

Results No indication was noted on 21% of the referrals to MRI. On 66% of the referrals a reasonable indications could be identified. There were more uncertainties of the indications for arthrographies. Collecting data concerning the prevalence of MRI for intra-articular hip pathologies is difficult due to the lack of precise diagnosis and procedure coding. The expendable costs caused by MRI of the hip joint amount from 800,000 to 2.4 million € during a one year period.

Discussion Medical referrals should be used thoroughly for communication between referrers and radiologists. Contribution of the letter of referral to health economics is underestimated. To improve estimation of prevalences in the diagnostics of intra-articular hip pathologies, precise diagnosis and procedure codings are needed.
Trends in Total Hip Arthroplasty in Germany from 2007 to 2016: What Has Changed and Where Are We Now?
Authors: Klug Alexander , Gramlich Yves , Hoffmann Reinhard , Pfeil Joachim , Drees Philipp , Kutzner Karl Philipp
Published: November 2019

Background The number of total hip arthroplasties (THA) is rising in many industrialized nations. At the same time, the evidence regarding different types of prostheses and fixation techniques is constantly evolving. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze changes in THA by these advancements during the last decade.

Methods A retrospective analysis of data provided by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany from 2007 to 2016 was conducted using codes from the German procedure classification system and associated International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes. THA procedures were evaluated according to diagnoses, sex, and age of patients, along with the distribution of different prosthesis types. Additionally, changes in these parameters over time were analyzed.

Results From 2007 to 2016 a total of 2 157 041 primary THA procedures were performed in Germany, with an increase of 14.4% over this period. Overall, cementless standard THA (STHA) was used most frequently (50.0%), followed by hybrid variants (18.8%), hemiarthroplasties (15.9%), cemented standard THA (cSTHA; 9.2%), cementless short-stem THA (ssTHA; 4.8%), and hip resurfacing (HR; 0.9%) techniques. During the study period, the number of cSTHA and HR decreased significantly, whereas the use of STHA and ssTHA rose substantially, with a significantly higher application of these procedures in the elderly population. While osteoarthritis of the hip joint was the main indication for THA, several procedure-specific differences were identified.

Conclusion The present data clearly demonstrate an increase in the use of cementless fixation for THA in Germany during the last decade and document a rise in ssTHA in recent years with, in contrast, the use of HR decreasing to a minimum.
Advanced imaging for detection and differentiation of colorectal neoplasia: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline – Update 2019
Authors: Bisschops Raf , East James E. , Hassan Cesare , Hazewinkel Yark , Kamiński Michał F. , Neumann Helmut , Pellisé Maria , Antonelli Giulio , Bustamante Balen Marco , Coron Emmanuel , Cortas Georges , Iacucci Marietta , Yuichi Mori , Longcroft-Wheaton Gaius , Mouzyka Serguei , Pilonis Nastazja , Puig Ignasi , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Dekker Evelien
Published: November 2019

Main Recommendations

1 ESGE suggests that high definition endoscopy, and dye or virtual chromoendoscopy, as well as add-on devices, can be used in average risk patients to increase the endoscopist’s adenoma detection rate. However, their routine use must be balanced against costs and practical considerations.

Weak recommendation, high quality evidence.

2 ESGE recommends the routine use of high definition systems in individuals with Lynch syndrome.

Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.

3 ESGE recommends the routine use, with targeted biopsies, of dye-based pancolonic chromoendoscopy or virtual chromoendoscopy for neoplasia surveillance in patients with long-standing colitis.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

4 ESGE suggests that virtual chromoendoscopy and dye-based chromoendoscopy can be used, under strictly controlled conditions, for real-time optical diagnosis of diminutive (≤ 5 mm) colorectal polyps and can replace histopathological diagnosis. The optical diagnosis has to be reported using validated scales, must be adequately photodocumented, and can be performed only by experienced endoscopists who are adequately trained, as defined in the ESGE curriculum, and audited.

Weak recommendation, high quality evidence.

5 ESGE recommends the use of high definition white-light endoscopy in combination with (virtual) chromoendoscopy to predict the presence and depth of any submucosal invasion in nonpedunculated colorectal polyps prior to any treatment.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

6 ESGE recommends the use of virtual or dye-based chromoendoscopy in addition to white-light endoscopy for the detection of residual neoplasia at a piecemeal polypectomy scar site.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

7 ESGE suggests the possible incorporation of computer-aided diagnosis (detection and characterization of lesions) to colonoscopy, if acceptable and reproducible accuracy for colorectal neoplasia is demonstrated in high quality multicenter in vivo clinical studies. Possible significant risks with implementation, specifically endoscopist deskilling and over-reliance on artificial intelligence, unrepresentative training datasets, and hacking, need to be considered.

Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.
Role of Maternal Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulin in Graves' Disease for Predicting Perinatal Thyroid Dysfunction
Authors: Cui Yiwen , Rijhsinghani Asha
Published: November 2019

Objective To assess maternal thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) as a predictor of neonatal thyroid hyperthyroidism in pregnancies complicated by Graves' disease.

Methods This is a 10-year retrospective study of patients with a history of Graves' disease and elevated TSI activity level defined as 1.3 times the normal. All subjects underwent cordocentesis for ultrasound findings of suspected fetal thyrotoxicosis (fetal tachycardia, oligohydramnios, hydrops, and thyromegaly). Neonatal diagnosis was made based on neonatal thyroid function testing or symptoms.

Results Fourteen patients were included in the study, seven with active Graves' disease requiring antithyroid drug (“ATD group”) and seven with iatrogenic hypothyroidism on levothyroxine (“levothyroxine group”). Four cases (57%) of neonatal thyrotoxicosis were diagnosed in the levothyroxine group compared with two cases (28%) in the ATD group. The lowest maternal TSI level at which a neonate did not develop hyperthyroidism was 2.6 for the levothyroxine group and 2.5 for the ATD group. The odds ratio of a neonate from the levothyroxine group developing hyperthyroidism compared with one from the ATD group is 3.3 (95% confidence interval: 0.4–30.7).

Conclusion For patients with Graves' disease, those with iatrogenic hypothyroidism and TSI > 2.5 times the basal level are at the highest risk for neonatal thyrotoxicosis.
Virtuelles Krankenhaus: Nordrhein-Westfalen auf Digitalisierungskurs
Authors: König Romy
Published: November 2019

Ohne Betten, ohne Stationen, ohne Standort – in Nordrhein-Westfalen startet im kommenden Frühjahr Deutschlands erstes virtuelles Krankenhaus. Kern ist eine digitale Plattform, über die Ärzte und Kliniken landesweit engmaschig miteinander verbunden sein werden.
Messenger-Dienste FüR Ärzte: App in die Zukunft
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2019

Nicht nur privat, auch beruflich ist das Smartphone kaum noch wegzudenken. Es gibt bereits zahlreiche Apps, die versprechen, den Arbeitsalltag der Mediziner zu erleichtern. Neben der fachlichen Information gibt es viele weitere Einsatzbereiche, beispielsweise zur schnellen Prüfung von Wechselwirkungen oder um sich schnell eine Zweitmeinung einzuholen.
Point of Care Tests: Die schnellen Diagnosehelfer
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: November 2019

POCT steht für Labordiagnostik, die direkt am Krankenbett oder in der unmittelbaren Nähe zum Patienten durchgeführt wird. Studien prognostizieren jenen Schnelltests derzeit v. a. bei Infektionserkrankungen großes Wachstumspotenzial. Ob sich deren Einsatz in Kliniken lohnt, hängt davon ab, wie gut das Zusammenspiel mit dem Zentrallabor funktioniert – und ob sich die POCT-Diagnose erstatten lässt.
Fundraising: Menschen wollen Gutes tun
Authors: Neß Jorit , Helfers Carina
Published: November 2019

Viele Menschen spenden Geld für medizinische Forschung, Lehre und Krankenversorgung. Nun liegt die erste bundesweite Studie zum Spenderverhalten an Universitätskliniken vor. Sie wird noch in diesem Jahr veröffentlicht und kann Klinikmanagern als Blaupause zur strategischen Positionierung des eigenen Fundraisings dienen.
Two cross-validation techniques to comprehensively characterize global horizontal irradiation regression models: Single data-splitting is insufficient
Authors: De Souza Keith
Published: November 2019

Data-splitting is the most widely used method to cross-validate global horizontal irradiation regression models. An available dataset is split into two subsets, one to calibrate models and the other to validate them. This study investigated the sufficiency of this method within the ambit of two other cross-validation techniques—Monte Carlo cross-validation nested with double cross-validation and leave-one-year-out cross-validation. These techniques facilitated cross-validation in long and short term periods, respectively. They were applied to the De Souza and Hargreaves-Samani temperature-based regression models. Unlike data-splitting, the techniques promoted full characterization of the models by the averages and sensitivities (%) of their tuned parameters, the averages and spread of their predictive accuracies via root mean square errors, and their stability (Monte Carlo-determined). On a monthly average daily time scale, their fully characterized (less their average tuned parameters) Monte Carlo results were <6%, 0.56 ± 0.12 and 0.032 MJ m−2 day−1 for the De Souza model, and <1.5%, 0.94 ± 0.14 and 0.174 MJ m−2 day−1 for the Hargreaves-Samani model. Similarly, the leave-one-year-out results were <2% and 0.88 ± 0.28 MJ m−2 day−1 for the De Souza model and <1% and 1.31 ± 0.24 MJ m−2 day−1 for the Hargreaves-Samani model. The De Souza model performed better. We further demonstrated the erroneous assessments possible with models subjected to traditional data-splitting which proved inadequate. Consequently, we proposed an algorithm to implement our cross-validation techniques that reduces computational burden for multiple model evaluation. This was achieved by including a novel controlled data-splitting cross-validation subroutine.
Numerical study of neutral beam injection prompt loss at KSTAR poloidal limiters
Authors: Rhee Tongnyeol , Shinohara Kouji , Kim Hyun-Seok , Kwon Jae Min , Jeon Young Mu , Kim Junghee , Hahn Sang-Hee , Kwak Jong Gu , Wang Son Jong , Park Byoung Ho , Na Byungkeun
Published: November 2019

We use a newly developed simulation tool to numerically study fast-ion loading on plasma-facing components (PFCs) at the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research facility in the high-poloidal-β plasma operation regime. The new code can calculate neutral beam ionization and follow the guiding center orbit of ionized particles. The results of the simulation indicate that fast ions ionized in the high-field side drift out and strike the PFCs as they rotate poloidally. Momentum projection onto a phase space defined by canonical toroidal angular momentum and magnetic moment leads to a simple criterion to avoid fast-ion loading on poloidal limiters (PLs), which are PFCs that are toroidally localized on the low-field side. Control of fast-ion loss is examined by varying the plasma current and plasma boundary. A larger plasma current and inner shifting of the outer plasma boundary is predicted to substantially reduce fast-ion loading on the PLs. The proposed phase-space criterion is qualitatively consistent with the results of the simulation of fast-ion control.
Computational Doppler-limited dual-comb spectroscopy with a free-running all-fiber laser
Authors: Sterczewski Łukasz A. , Przewłoka Aleksandra , Kaszub Wawrzyniec , Sotor Jarosław
Published: November 2019

Dual-comb spectroscopy has emerged as an indispensable analytical technique in applications that require high resolution and broadband coverage within short acquisition times. Its experimental realization, however, remains hampered by intricate experimental setups with large power consumption. Here, we demonstrate an ultrasimple free-running dual-comb spectrometer realized in a single all-fiber cavity suitable for the most demanding Doppler-limited measurements. Our dual-comb laser utilizes just a few basic fiber components, allows us to tailor the repetition rate difference, and requires only 350 mW of electrical power for sustained operation over a dozen of hours. As a demonstration, we measure low-pressure hydrogen cyanide within 1.7 THz bandwidth and obtain better than 1% transmittance precision over a terahertz in 200 ms enabled by an all-computational phase retrieval and correction algorithm. The combination of the setup simplicity, comb tooth resolution, and high spectroscopic precision paves the way for proliferation of frequency comb spectroscopy on a larger scale.
Effect of external axial magnetic field on the early stage instabilities in magnetized cylindrical liners
Authors: Wang Guanqiong , Xiao Delong , Wang Xiaoguang , Zhang Yang , Ding Ning , Sun Shunkai , Mao Chongyang , Shu Xiaojian
Published: November 2019

Based on the resistive MHD theory, the dispersion relations of instabilities are derived in the liner geometry, where a uniform current flows over the cross section. Both the external axial magnetic field and the electrothermal effect are taken into account. It is found that instabilities act as electrothermal instabilities (ETIs) below a critical wavelength, which is increased by the axial magnetic field. Beyond the critical wavelength, the growth rate increases with the wavelength quickly and approaches the maximum which depends on the gradient scale length of the azimuthal magnetic field. When the axial magnetic field is applied, the m = 1 mode has a higher growth rate than the m = 0 mode although the difference between them is relatively small.
Phase-space diffusion of charged particles induced by random fluctuations of relative gyrophases in the presence of finite amplitude circularly polarized electromagnetic waves
Authors: Nariyuki Y.
Published: November 2019

A stochastic model to describe the phase-space diffusion of charged particles induced by random fluctuations of relative gyrophases in the presence of parallel propagating, circularly polarized electromagnetic waves is discussed. The perturbation analysis around the equilibrium points of the noiseless system shows the coexistence of classical diffusion and trapping oscillation. Even if the equation of motions for pitch angle does not include noise terms, the pitch angle diffusion occurs due to the noise term in the equation of the relative gyrophase and the existence of the finite amplitude wave. The resultant theory is validated by using numerical results of test particle simulations; when distributions of the relative gyrophases and pitch angle cosines are close to Gaussian, the classical diffusion and trapping oscillation are observed. With increasing wave amplitude and/or the strength of noise, the pitch angle diffusion becomes subdiffusive.
A molecular simulation demonstrates proteins re-folding at extremely low temperatures
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: November 2019

Low water density may be the culprit behind unusual protein refolding at temperatures 55K below the freezing temperature of water.
Burst-coast swimming technique informs research on hydrodynamics
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: November 2019

In an effort to develop more hydrodynamic designs, scientists study fish which swim using a burst-coast technique.
Monod-based ‘single-data’ strategy for biodegradation screening tests
Authors: Martín-Biosca Yolanda , Escuder-Gilabert Laura , Pérez-Baeza Mireia , Sagrado Salvador , Medina-Hernández María José
Published: November 2019

Environmental contextObtaining biodegradation data over time can be difficult, especially when dealing with environmental compartments of increasing complexity. We evaluated the possibility of obtaining a full biodegradation depletion curve from a single biodegradation-time experimental measurement, and found that environmental information related to potential chemical persistence can be derived. The applicability of this ‘single-data’ strategy is illustrated using simulated and experimental data for several compounds.
AbstractInformation obtained from biodegradability tests, e.g. half-life (t50) or kinetics parameters, is relevant in environmental risk assessment of new chemicals. In these tests, the removal of the tested compound is measured over a prefixed period of time (e.g. 28 days in ready biodegradability tests) to derive a substrate depletion curve. The implementation can be time-consuming, costly and difficult, especially when the complexity of the environmental compartment increases. In this work, the possibility of obtaining a full biodegradation depletion curve from a single biodegradation-time experimental data point (‘single-data’ strategy) was evaluated. Monod kinetics are assumed to avoid the limitations related to first-order kinetics (only valid for very low substrate concentrations). Experimental and simulated data were used to illustrate the potential of the proposed strategy. The effects on the estimates of several variables (e.g. Monod kinetics parameters, compound concentration or variability in biodegradation data) and the errors introduced to some of the variables were also evaluated. The results suggest that the proposed strategy can be used as a rapid (based on data measured at day 7) and low-cost screening approach to anticipate the result of a biodegradability test for new chemicals. The applicability and practical limitations of the ‘single-data’ strategy have been illustrated using experimental data for several compounds ranging from readily biodegradable (e.g. benzoic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, p-toluic acid) to potentially persistent compounds (e.g. bupivacaine, p-phenitidine, phtadinitrile).
Therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated myeloid cells synergizes with radiation therapy for glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Peng , Miska Jason , Lee-Chang Catalina , Rashidi Aida , Panek Wojciech K. , An Shejuan , Zannikou Markella , Lopez-Rosas Aurora , Han Yu , Xiao Ting , Pituch Katarzyna C. , Kanojia Deepak , Balyasnikova Irina V. , Lesniak Maciej S.
Published: November 2019

Significance

Tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) are a key driver of immunosuppression and therapy resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). The fact that TAMCs compose up to 50% of the brain tumor mass further highlights the urgent need to develop therapeutic strategy for effective targeting of TAMCs in GBM. Here we report a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform capable of actively targeting and delivering therapeutics to mouse and human TAMCs by recognizing highly expressed PD-L1 in TAMCs. We show that LNP encapsulated with dinaciclib robustly eliminated TAMCs from glioma and significantly extended survival of mice in glioma models in combination with radiation therapy. This nanomedicine platform holds great potential for improved treatment of GBM and rapid translation into clinical practice.
WEE1 kinase inhibitor AZD1775 induces CDK1 kinase-dependent origin firing in unperturbed G1- and S-phase cells
Authors: Moiseeva Tatiana N. , Qian Chenao , Sugitani Norie , Osmanbeyoglu Hatice U. , Bakkenist Christopher J.
Published: November 2019

WEE1 kinase is a key regulator of the G2/M transition. The WEE1 kinase inhibitor AZD1775 (WEE1i) induces origin firing in replicating cells. We show that WEE1i induces CDK1-dependent RIF1 phosphorylation and CDK2- and CDC7-dependent activation of the replicative helicase. WEE1 suppresses CDK1 and CDK2 kinase activities to regulate the G1/S transition after the origin licensing is complete. We identify a role for WEE1 in cell cycle regulation and important effects of AZD1775, which is in clinical trials.
Expectations vs. experience
Authors: Seeber Kilian G. , Keller Laura , Amos Rhona , Hengl Sophie
Published: November 2019

The attitudes of interpreters providing video remote conference interpreting during the 2014 FIFA World Cup™ was
analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative and qualitative data pertaining to six deductive categories (general and
specific attitudes towards remote interpreting, attitudes towards the work environment and the workspace, psychological and
physiological wellbeing) were collected. Online questionnaires were completed both before and after the event and structured
interviews were conducted on site during the event. Triangulation of results corroborates the technical feasibility of video
remote interpreting, whilst highlighting aspects with a high potential to shape interpreters’ attitudes towards it. The quality of
the technical team on site along with the availability of visual input in the entire conference room (including all speakers
taking the floor) is key to offsetting the feeling of alienation or lack of immersion experienced by interpreters working with
this technical setup. Suggestions for the improvement of key parameters are provided.
It’s hard to betalented
Authors: Taft Marcus , Li Sonny
Published: November 2019

In a visual lexical decision task, recognition is shown in two experiments to be harder for possessional adjectives that look like they are inflected verbs (e.g.,talented) than for genuine inflected verbs (e.g.,consulted), especially when the nonword distractors have real-word stems (e.g.,infanted). Such a result implies that inflected words do not have a form-based whole word representation, but are recognized when functional information associated with their stem and affix is recombined after decomposition. A third experiment goes on to demonstrate that the addition of the verb suffix -ingto the noun stem of such pseudo-verb-stem words (i.e.,talenting) leads to more erroneous classifications as a real word than when the stem is another type of noun (e.g.,infanting). Moreover, a negative correlation is observed between the accuracy of recognition of the pseudo-verb-stem words and the classification as a nonword of the -ingversion of their stems. On the basis of these experiments, a model is proposed in which a pseudo-verb-stem word is recognized through a lexical representation of its stem that corresponds to a bound ornative verb and which is different to the representation used to recognize its free-standing noun version.
Processing and characterisation of modified strain-induced melt activation processed Al–Si alloys
Authors: Choudhary Chandan , Sahoo Kanai Lal , Mandal Durbadal
Published: November 2019

In the present study, the microstructural features and its correlation with mechanical properties of modified strain-induced melt activation (modified SIMA) processed Al- (7, 12, 14 wt-%) Si alloys are investigated. The microstructure of modified SIMA process Al–Si alloys consists of globular α-Al grains, primary Si particles and Al–Si eutectic phase. The casting defects and surface roughness are minimised and the morphology of eutectic silicon is modified after modified SIMA treatment. The mechanical properties of modified SIMA processed samples are increased significantly as compare to as-cast alloy due to reduction of porosity, formation of fine globular microstructu+re and accumulation of high dislocation tangle near primary Si particles.