bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed heat release effects on entropy generation by premixed, laminar flames
Authors: Laksana Akbar , Patki Parth , John Tony , Acharya Vishal , Lieuwen Timothy
Published: May 2023

This article studies the generation of entropy disturbances by laminar premixed flames. The total entropy generation equals the integrated ratio of the local heat release rate and the local temperature, namely, [Formula: see text]. Due to this path dependency, evaluating this integral requires an understanding of how the heat release is distributed in the temperature space. Several studies evaluate the local entropy generation as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] refers to the burned gas temperature, implicitly assuming all the heat release occurs at [Formula: see text]. Such an approximation is motivated by the high activation energy nature of combustion chemistry. This work evaluates this assumption by comparing it to results from one-dimensional premixed flame calculations for hydrogen, methane, and propane-air flames over a range of pressures, equivalence ratios, and preheat temperatures, quantified via the ratio [Formula: see text]. We show that this assumption is quite reasonable for methane and propane-air flames (with errors ranging from 5% to 25%) but deviates significantly from the exact results for hydrogen flames (where errors can be as high as 50%). In general, the peak heat release moves to lower temperatures as preheat temperature is increased. Noting that the temperature sensitivity of heat release is directly related to the activation energy, we use Law's approach to extract global activation energies and show that the deviations of [Formula: see text] from unity can be approximately correlated with [Formula: see text]. Finally, we show that significant improvements in entropy generation calculations can be obtained by estimating [Formula: see text] using [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the temperature at which the reaction rate peaks. This estimation leads to predictions of ∼5% within the exact value for the hydrocarbon cases but can still be in significant error for hydrogen at certain conditions.
Elasto-plastic analysis of foundations during emergency shutdown due to blast loading
Authors: Samanta Kirtika , Maheshwari Priti
Published: May 2023

Behaviour of machine foundations is investigated in this study under harmonic loading with varying frequency and pulse loading. Owing to excessive vibrations from the pulse, the machine encounters an emergency shutdown where the machine’s exciting frequency reduces to zero exponentially. The analysis is performed considering an elastic plastic single degree of freedom system with hardening and softening behaviour. Two cases are analysed depending on the time of application of pulse loading to the foundation system. For both the cases, the governing equations of motion are acquired and solved numerically using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. Using these solutions, displacement-time graphs are obtained for a variety of parameters such as time constant, hardening/softening index, mass of machine and the foundation block, stiffness, pulse load magnitude, damping ratio and decay coefficient to study their influence on the behaviour of the machine-foundation system. The study helps in predicting the dynamic response of foundations under the emergency shutdown conditions due to pulse loading. Further, these also help in taking the decision if there exists a need for vibration barriers to have the displacements well within the permissible limits.
Working Only for the Weekend? How Workplace Social Connections Impact Workers’ Sense of Mattering and Mental Health
Authors: Bonhag Rebecca , Upenieks Laura
Published: May 2023

The growing field of mattering has established that a sense that we matter is crucial to well-being and that it is informed by interactions with close others. However, few studies investigate how mattering may be shaped by our work relationships. Since many adults spend much of their time performing paid work, addressing this research gap may provide insights for enhancing employee well-being. This study uses data from the 2021 Baylor Religion Survey, collected during the early months of 2021, and a sample of employed U.S. adults ( n = 564) to test how a worker’s perceived respect from their employer and their closeness to coworkers relate to their general sense of mattering, as well as whether mattering may act as a mediator between work relationships and psychological distress (assessed as symptoms of depression and anxiety). Results indicate that feeling highly respected by one’s employer and one’s perceived closeness to coworkers are positively linked with mattering among workers. Additional analyses also imply that mattering mediates a portion of the relationship between workplace relations and psychological distress. In total, this study suggests that further research into work relationships and mattering is warranted, especially since both factors seem tied to workers’ mental health.
Impact of ESG Risk Scores on Firm Performance: An Empirical Analysis of NSE-100 Companies
Authors: Shobhwani Kapil , Lodha Shilpa
Published: May 2023

This study aims to compare the overall environment, social and governance (ESG) risk score and environment risk score, social risk score and governance risk scores across different industrial sectors in India and explore the impact of overall ESG risk score, environmental, social and governance risk score on firm performance. The ESG risk score is collected for 2021–2022 from Yahoo Finance, and financial data were collected from Prowess IQ. The Nifty 100 index of NSE is used as a platform to shortlist firms. Tobin’s Q, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are used as proxy for the firm performance which determines the market-based, operating and financial performance, respectively. We found a significant difference among the ESG risk scores, ESG risk scores of different industries. There is a low correlation between ESG scores, environment scores, social scores, governance scores and Tobin’s Q, ROA and ROE. The regression results show that the ESG risk score has an insignificant negative impact on Tobin’s Q (market-based performance) and the environmental risk scores, social risk scores and governance risk scores have an insignificant positive impact on the Tobin’s Q. ESG risk score has an insignificant negative impact on ROA (operating performance) and ROE (financing performance) while the environment risk scores, social risk scores and governance risk scores have an insignificant positive effect on ROA and ROE. Thus, ESG risk score and its components do not show any significant impact on firm performance.
Will Users Continue Using Banking Chatbots? The Moderating Role of Perceived Risk
Authors: Mehrolia Sangeeta , Alagarsamy Subburaj , Moorthy Vasudevan , Jeevananda S.
Published: May 2023

AI-powered chatbots have become game-changers for the financial industry. They enable banks to boost customer engagement and improve operational efficiency by lowering the traditional cost of customer support. This study analyses the impact of perceived service quality dimensions on user confirmation, satisfaction and use continuance. The present study also analyses the moderating effect of perceived risk on the relationship between user confirmation, satisfaction and chatbots use continuance. A total of 447 customers, all residing in the Indian city of Bengaluru and having recently used banking chatbot services, were surveyed. Partial least squares structural equation modelling is used to examine the relationships between the variables used in the study. Findings from the study show that all five chatbot service quality dimensions (reliability, interactivity, assurance, responsiveness and understandability) significantly impact the user’s post-use confirmation, influencing their satisfaction and continuance behaviour. Perceived risk negatively moderates the relationship between user confirmation and user satisfaction. Chatbot service developers and e-service providers can leverage these findings to understand user expectations from chatbots. They will also be helpful to other service sectors, such as insurance, travel and tourism, hospitality and healthcare.
Physical Activity and Its Synergistic Interaction With Low Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratio Levels Increasing the Sleep Quality in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rias Yohanes Andy , Thato Ratsiri , Tsai Hsiu Ting
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of synergistic interaction and the independence of physical activity and inflammatory markers, including platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), on sleep quality in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:

This descriptive cross-sectional study included 294 persons with T2DM in East Java, Indonesia. Fasting blood was analyzed for inflammation markers, including NLR and PLR. Physical activity and sleep quality were assessed using Metabolic Equivalent of Task and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression, chi-square test, and independent t test were performed.

Results:

There was an independently significant relationship between physical activity, NLR, and PLR with sleep quality. Persons with both active physical activity and low PLRs were 12.52 times more likely to have high sleep quality scores than those with low physical activity and high PLRs. A positive additive interaction of active physical activity and low PLRs for high sleep quality scores was identified.

Conclusion:

Physical activity, NLR, and PLR revealed an independently significant relationship with sleep quality. Persons with both active physical activity levels and low PLR were the most substantial synergistic effect of high sleep quality. Further studies are necessary to examine the problems and solutions for sleep quality in this population.
High-temperature behaviour of fedorite, Na2.5(Ca4.5Na2.5)[Si16O38]F2⋅2.8H2O, from the Murun Alkaline Complex, Russia
Authors: Lacalamita Maria , Mesto Ernesto , Kaneva Ekaterina , Shendrik Roman , Radomskaya Tatiana , Schingaro Emanuela
Published: May 2023

The thermal behaviour of fedorite from the Murun massif, Russia, has been investigated by means of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), in situ high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction (HT-SCXRD), ex situ high-temperature Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (HT-FTIR). The empirical chemical formula of the sample of fedorite studied is: (Na1.56K0.72Sr0.12)Σ2.40(Ca4.42Na2.54Mn0.02Fe0.01Mg0.01)Σ7.00(Si15.98Al0.02)Σ16.00(F1.92Cl0.09)Σ2.01(O37.93OH0.07)Σ38.00⋅2.8H2O. The TG curve provides a total mass decrease of ~5.5%, associated with dehydration and defluorination processes from 25 to 1050°C. Fedorite crystallises in space group P$\bar{1}$ and has: a = 9.6458(2), b = 9.6521(2), c = 12.6202(4) Å, α = 102.458(2), β = 96.2250(10), γ = 119.9020(10)° and cell volume, V = 961.69(5) Å3. The HT-SCXRD was carried out in air in the 25–600°C range. Overall, a continuous expansion of the unit-cell volume was observed although the c cell dimension slightly decreases in the explored temperature range. Structure refinements indicated that the mineral undergoes a dehydration process with the loss of most of the interlayer H2O from 25 to 300°C. The HT-FTIR spectra confirmed that fedorite progressively dehydrates until 700°C.
Holubite, Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)Σ11S24, from Kutná Hora, Czech Republic, a new member of the andorite branch of the lillianite homologous series
Authors: Pažout Richard , Plášil Jakub , Dušek Michal , Sejkora Jiří , Dolníček Zdeněk
Published: May 2023

A new mineral species, holubite, ideally Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)Σ11S24, has been found at Kutná Hora ore district, Czech Republic. The mineral is associated with other lillianite homologues (gustavite, terrywallaceite, vikingite and treasurite) most frequently as grain aggregates and replacement rims of earlier Ag–Pb–Bi minerals, growing together in aggregates up to 200 × 50 μm. It typically occurs in a close association with Ag,Bi-bearing galena and terrywallaceite. Holubite is opaque, steel-grey in colour and has a metallic lustre, the calculated density is 5.899 g/cm3. In reflected light holubite is greyish white and bireflectance and pleochroism are weak with grey tints. Anisotropy is weak to medium with grey to bluish-grey rotation tints. Internal reflections were not observed. Electron microprobe analyses yielded an empirical formula, based on 44 atoms per formula unit (apfu) of (Ag3.03Cu0.03)Σ3.06(Pb6.19Fe0.02Cd0.01)Σ6.22(Sb7.71Bi2.90)Σ10.61S24.12. Its unit-cell parameters are: a = 19.374(4), b = 13.201(3), c = 8.651(2) Å, β = 90.112(18)°, V = 2212.5(9) Å3, space group P21/n and Z = 2. Holubite is a new member of the andorite branch of the lillianite homologous series with N = 4. The structure of holubite contains two Pb sites with a trigonal prismatic coordination, eight distinct octahedral sites, of which one is a mixed (Bi,Ag) site and one is a mixed (Sb,Pb) site, and twelve anion sites. Holubite is defined as a lillianite homologue with the three following requirements: N = 4, L% [Ag+ + (Bi3+,Sb3+) ↔ 2 Pb2+ substitution] ≈ 70% and approximately one quarter to one third at.% of antimony is replaced by bismuth [Bi/(Bi+Sb) ≈ 0.26–34]. The new mineral has been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA2022-112) and named after Milan Holub, a key Czech geologist and specialist in the Kutná Hora ore district.
A neural network model to screen feature genes for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Huang Jing , Zhou Yuting , Zhang Haoran , Wu Yiming
Published: May 2023

All the time, pancreatic cancer is a problem worldwide because of its high degree of malignancy and increased mortality. Neural network model analysis is an efficient and accurate machine learning method that can quickly and accurately predict disease feature genes. The aim of our research was to build a neural network model that would help screen out feature genes for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. Our study confirmed that the neural network model is a reliable way to predict feature genes of pancreatic cancer, and immune cells infiltrating play an essential role in the development of pancreatic cancer, especially neutrophils. ANO1, AHNAK2, and ADAM9 were eventually identified as feature genes of pancreatic cancer, helping to diagnose and predict prognosis. Neural network model analysis provides us with a new idea for finding new intervention targets for pancreatic cancer.
An acute increase in Left Atrial volume and left ventricular filling pressure during Adenosine administered myocardial hyperaemia: CMR First-Pass Perfusion Study
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Javed Wasim , Assadi Hosamadin , Alabed Samer , Grafton-Clarke Ciaran , Swift Andrew J , Williams Gareth , Al-Mohammad Abdallah , Sawh Chris , Vassiliou Vassilios S , Khanji Mohammed Y , Ricci Fabrizio , Greenwood John P , Plein Sven , Swoboda Peter
Published: May 2023

Objective

To investigate whether left atrial (LA) volume and left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) change during adenosine delivered myocardial hyperaemia as part of a first-pass stress perfusion study.

Methods and results

We enrolled 33 patients who had stress CMR. These patients had a baseline four-chamber cine and stress four-chamber cine, which was done at peak myocardial hyperaemic state after administering adenosine. The left and right atria were segmented in the end ventricular diastolic and systolic phases. Short-axis cine stack was segmented for ventricular functional assessment. At peak hyperaemic state, left atrial end ventricular systolic volume just before mitral valve opening increased significantly from baseline in all (91 ± 35ml vs. 81 ± 33ml, P = 0.0002), in males only (99 ± 35ml vs. 88 ± 33ml, P = 0.002) and females only (70 ± 26ml vs. 62 ± 22ml, P = 0.02). The right atrial end ventricular systolic volume increased less significantly from baseline (68 ± 21ml vs. 63 ± 20ml, P = 0.0448). CMR-derived LVFP (equivalent to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) increased significantly at the peak hyperaemic state in all (15.1 ± 2.9mmHg vs. 14.4 ± 2.8mmHg, P = 0.0002), females only (12.9 ± 2.1mmHg vs. 12.3 ± 1.9mmHg, P = 0.029) and males only (15.9 ± 2.8mmHg vs. 15.2 ± 2.7mmHg, P = 0.002) cohorts.

Conclusion

Left atrial volume assessment by CMR can measure acute and dynamic changes in preloading conditions on the left ventricle. During adenosine administered first-pass perfusion CMR, left atrial volume and LVFP rise significantly.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice pattern towards diabetic retinopathy screening among general practitioners in primary health centres in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Yeni Dwi , Adriono Gitalisa Andayani , Ratmilia Rizka , Magdalena Christy , Sitompul Ratna
Published: May 2023

Background

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an emerging cause of visual impairment and blindness and is often detected in the irreversible stage. General practitioners (GPs) play an essential role in the prevention of DR through diabetes control, early detection of retinal changes, and timely referral to ophthalmologists. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards DR screening among GPs in the district primary health centres (PHCs) in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2021 and February 2022 in 17 randomly selected district PHCs. A validated online questionnaire was then distributed. Good knowledge was defined when the correct response rate was > 75%, positive attitude was indicated when desired attitudes were found in more than half of the items (> 50%), and good practice was defined when more than half of the practice items (> 50%) were performed.

Results

A total of 92 GPs, with a response rate of 60.1%, completed the questionnaire. Seventy-nine respondents (85.9%) were female with a median (range) age of 32 (24–58) years. Among the respondents, 82 (89.1%) had good knowledge and all showed positive attitude on DR screening. However, only four (4.3%) demonstrated good practices. We found a weak positive correlation (rs= 0.298, p = 0.004) between attitude and practices.

Conclusion

GPs in Jakarta showed good knowledge and positive attitude on DR screening. However, they did not show good practice. There was a positive correlation between attitude and practice.
Women’s knowledge of and attitudes towards group B streptococcus (GBS) testing in pregnancy: a qualitative study
Authors: Constantinou Georgina , Ayers Susan , Mitchell Eleanor J , Walker Kate F , Daniels Jane , Moore Sarah , Jones Anne-Marie , Downe Soo
Published: May 2023

Background

20–25% pregnant women in the UK carry group B streptococcus (GBS) which, if left undetected, is transmitted from pregnant mothers to their babies during birth in 36% of cases. This transmission leads to early onset GBS infection (EOGBS) in 1% of babies which is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns. The literature available suggests women’s knowledge of GBS is low, with many women unaware of the GBS bacterium. In addition, attitudes towards GBS testing have not been widely examined, with research mostly focusing on attitudes towards potential GBS vaccination.

Aim

To examine women’s knowledge of GBS in pregnancy and their attitudes towards GBS testing.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews with 19 women (5 pregnant and 14 postpartum). Interviews were transcribed and analysed using systematic thematic analysis.

Results

Four main theme categories were identified. Participants had varying levels of awareness of GBS, with the information provided by health professionals not being clearly explained or the importance of GBS being downplayed. Participants wanted more information and to feel informed. Overall, the majority had positive attitudes towards being offered and taking up GBS testing, and this study identified some of the key factors influencing their decision. These included: seeing GBS testing as just another routine procedure during pregnancy; that it would lower the risk of their baby becoming unwell; provide reassurance; and allow them to prepare; and provide informed choices. Participants also expressed a few common concerns about GBS testing: questioning the invasiveness of the procedure; risks to themselves and the baby; and the risk of receiving antibiotics.

Conclusions

Women need clear, detailed information about GBS and GBS testing, and women’s concerns are important to address if routine GBS testing is implemented. The efficacy of implementing routine universal testing in the UK is currently being investigated in a large multi-centre clinical trial; the GBS3trial, further qualitative research is needed to look at the acceptability of different methods of GBS testing, as well as the acceptability of GBS testing to women in specific groups, such as those planning a home birth or those from different ethnic backgrounds.
Association between use of antihypertensive drugs and the risk of cancer: a population-based cohort study in Shanghai
Authors: Wang Suna , Xie Li , Zhuang Jianlin , Qian Ying , Zhang Guanglu , Quan Xiaowei , Li Lei , Yu Herbert , Zhang Weituo , Zhao Wensui , Qian Biyun
Published: May 2023

Background

Previously studies shown a potential risk of antihypertensive medicines in relation to cancer susceptibility, which creating significant debate in the scientific community and public concern. We sought to investigate the relationship between antihypertensive medicines and cancer risk, by drug type and class.

Methods

We conducted a population-based cohort study and enrolled patients diagnosed with hypertension from community healthcare centers in Changning District, Shanghai, China. Antihypertensive drug administration were classified as five common antihypertensive drugs. The main outcomes were incidence of total cancer and by major cancer type.

Results

Between January 2013 and December 2017, a total of 101,370 hypertensive patients were enrolled in this cohort. During a mean follow-up of 5.1 (SD 1.3) years, 4970 cancer cases were newly diagnosed in the cohort. CCBs were the most frequently used antihypertensives which were associated with a moderately increased risk of total cancer (hazard ratio, HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05–1.18). The second commonly used drug ARBs were also associated with increased risk of total cancer (HR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.03–1.17) as well as lung and thyroid cancers (HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.05–1.39; HR = 1.62 95%CI: 1.18–2.21, respectively). No significant association was found between cancer and other antihypertensives. Hypertensive patients who use more than one class of antihypertensives drugs had a higher risk of total cancer (HR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.10–1.35 for two classes; HR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.03–1.45 for three or more classes), and a possible dose–response relationship was suggested (P for trend < 0.001). The risk of thyroid cancer was higher in hypertensive patients prescribed with three or more antihypertensive classes.

Conclusions

Use of ARBs or CCBs may be associated with an increased risk of total cancer. Taking more than one class of antihypertensives drugs appeared to have a higher risk for total cancer.
A nonsense mutation in C8orf37 linked with retinitis pigmentosa, early macular degeneration, cataract, and myopia in an arRP family from North India
Authors: Goyal Shiwali , Singh Kabir , Uppal Aashna , Vanita Vanita
Published: May 2023

Objective

This study aimed at identifying the underlying genetic defect in a consanguineous autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) (RP-1175) family having RP with early macular degeneration, cataract, and myopia.

Methods

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the DNA of the proband, and variants observed were validated in the rest of the affected and unaffected family members by Sanger sequencing. Different bioinformatics tools were applied to access the pathogenicity of the observed variant.

Results

A nonsense mutation i.e., c.555G > A (p.Trp185Ter) in C8orf37 in homozygous form, has been identified that segregated with the disease in the affected members. c.555G > A was absent in unaffected family members and in 107 ethnically matched controls, therefore ruling out its possibility of being a polymorphism.

Conclusions

Present study identifies a nonsense mutation (c.555G > A) at codon 185 in C8orf37 linked with arRP, early macular degeneration, posterior subcapsular cataract, and myopia. The identical mutation has previously been reported in a Pakistani family with isolated RP and in a Chinese family with RP and macular degeneration. This variable expressivity of the identified mutation c.555G > A in C8orf37 in the analyzed Indian family may be attributed to the presence of the modifier alleles. Also, Trp185 might be a mutation hotspot in Asian arRP patients and in the future, p.Trp185Ter in C8orf37 may be tested during initial screening in arRP cases especially belonging to a similar population.
Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) antagonism as disease-modifying treatment for MDD with childhood trauma: protocol of the RESET-medication randomized controlled trial
Authors: Linsen F. , Broeder C. , Sep M. S. C. , Verhoeven J. E. , Bet P. M. , Penninx B. W. J. H. , Meijer O. C. , Vinkers C. H.
Published: May 2023

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder. Childhood trauma (CT, emotional/physical/sexual abuse or neglect before the age of 18) is one of the largest and most consistent risk factors for development and poor course of MDD. Overactivity of the HPA-axis and the stress hormone cortisol is thought to play a role in the vulnerability for MDD following exposure to CT. Rodent experiments showed that antagonism of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) at adult age reversed the effects of early life stress. Similarly, we aim to target MDD in individuals with CT exposure using the GR antagonist mifepristone.

Methods

The RESET-medication study is a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) which aims to include 158 adults with MDD and CT. Participants will be randomized (1:1) to a 7-day treatment arm of mifepristone (1200 mg/day) or a control arm (placebo). Participants are allowed to receive usual care for MDD including antidepressants. Measurements include three face-to-face meetings at baseline (T0), day 8 (T1), week 6 (T2), and two online follow-up meetings at 12 weeks (T3) and 6 months (T4). A subgroup of participants (N = 80) are included in a fMRI sub-study (T0, T2). The main study outcome will be depressive symptom severity as measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology—Self Rated (IDS-SR) at T2. Secondary outcomes include, among others, depressive symptom severity at other time points, disability, anxiety, sleep and subjective stress. To address underlying mechanisms mifepristone plasma levels, cortisol, inflammation, epigenetic regulation and fMRI measurements are obtained.

Discussion

The RESET-medication study will provide clinical evidence whether GR antagonism is a disease-modifying treatment for MDD in individuals exposed to CT. If effective, this hypothesis-driven approach may extend to other psychiatric disorders where CT plays an important role.

Trial registration

The trial protocol has been registered 01–02-2022 on ClinicalTrials.gov with ID “NCT05217758”.
The prevalence and associated factors of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in South-eastern of Iran: a cross-sectional study based on Rafsanjan cohort study
Authors: Sadeghi Tabandeh , Soltani Narjes , Jamali Zahra , Ayoobi Fatemeh , Khalili Parvin , Shamsizadeh Ali , Nasirzadeh Mostafa , Esmaeili‑Nadimi Ali , Vecchia Carlo La , Jalali Zahra
Published: May 2023

Background

Obesity has become a major health issue in both high and middle-income countries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. Risk of obesity is related to both unchangeable factors such as genetics and gender, and modifiable lifestyle factors. Most importantly, finding the major modifiable lifestyle factors which contribute to obesity may provide valuable benefits to every society. This study aimed to determine the association of demographic and lifestyle parameters with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in a population of Iranian adults.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, adult participants of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) (as one of the district areas of the PERSIAN cohort (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) included the study population. RCS is a population-based prospective cohort of men and women aged 35–70 years, launched in August 2015. Individuals were recruited from four urban and suburban areas of Rafsanjan, south-eastern of Iran. Trained experts interviewed each participant and completed the related questionnaires about his/her socioeconomic status, demography, anthropometric features, personal habits, physical activity and medical history. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between overweight/obesity/abdominal obesity and associated factors.

Results

From 9980 participants, 1974 (42.42%) males and 2115 (39.70%) females were overweight, 784 (16.85%) males, 2223 (41.73%) females were obese and 1895 (40.73%) males and 989 (18.57%) females were normal weight. Also, 832 (17.9%) males and 4548 (85.4%) females had abdominal obesity and 3819 (82.1%) males and 778 (14.6%) females didn’t have abdominal obesity. Based on the adjusted multiple logistic regression, overweight/obesity (BMI > 25) was associated with age > 45, female gender, education ≥ 13 years, heavy physical activity, wealth status index (WSI), alcohol consumption, current cigarette smoking and opium consumption compared to reference group. Also, odds of abdominal obesity displayed a significant association with age > 45, female gender, education > 5 years, physical activity, WSI, current cigarette smoking, alcohol and opium consumption compared to reference group.

Conclusions

Our results recommend local public health strategies that promote training the society on the health benefits of avoiding alcohol, getting more physical exercise and gaining more personal education on the health-threatening lifestyle.
Genetic association of telomere length, obesity and tobacoo smoking with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis risk
Authors: Wu Wenjuan , Li Chenghai , Zhu Xiaoming , Liu Xueya , Li Ping , Wan Ruijie , Wu Xinhui , Chen Song
Published: May 2023

Background

Due to the inadequacy of published evidence, association of telomere length (TL), obesity and tobacco smoking with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear. The aim of the study was to explore whether these exposures genetically affected the risk of the disease.

Methods

Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies for TL, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP) and tobacco smoking (including maternal smoking) were used as instrumental variables. Inverse-variance weighted were mainly adopted to determine the genetic association of these exposures with IPF. All analyses were conducted by R-software (version 3.6.1).

Results

Firstly, longer TL was associated with the decreased risk of IPF (OR = 0.475 per SD increase in TL, 95%CI = 0.336 ~ 0.670, P<0.001). Secondly, higher levels of BMI and BFP were related to the increased risk of the disease (OR = 1.425 per SD increase in BMI level, 95%CI = 1.114 ~ 1.823, P = 0.005; OR = 1.702 per SD increase in BFP level, 95%CI = 1.202 ~ 2.409, P = 0.003). Thirdly, maternal smoking was implicated in the increased risk of the disease (OR = 13.183 per SD increase in the prevalence of maternal smoking, 95%CI = 1.820 ~ 95.484, P = 0.011).

Conclusion

TL should be a genetic risk factor for IPF. Obesity and exposure to tobacco smoking as a fetus might also contribute to the development of this fibrotic diseases. These findings should be verified by future studies.
Effects of an online program including mindfulness, exercise therapy and patient education compared to online exercise therapy and patient education for people with Patellofemoral Pain: protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Priore Liliam Barbuglio Del , Perez Vitoria Ozores , Briani Ronaldo Valdir , Farinelli Lucca Andre Liporoni Bego , da Silva Júlia de Cássia Pinto , Martins Odisséia Marli Gimenes , Lopes Fábio Arruda , Amorim Anita Barros , Pappas Evangelos , de Azevedo Fábio Mícolis
Published: May 2023

Background

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee disorder that causes persistent pain, lower self-reported function and quality of life. People with PFP also present with altered psychological factors, which are associated with higher levels of pain and dysfunction. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) generally consist of meditative practices developed to provide a holistic approach to chronic conditions. However, the effects of MBI on clinical and psychological outcomes for people with PFP remains understudied.

Methods

This assessor-blinded, parallel, two-arm randomized clinical trial aims to investigate the effects of adding an 8-week online MBI program to exercise therapy and patient education on clinical and psychological factors for people with PFP. We also aim to investigate whether psychological factors mediate changes in pain and function. Sixty-two participants with PFP will be recruited and randomized into one of two treatment groups (Mindfulness or Control group). Both groups will receive an 8-week intervention involving exercise therapy and education delivered through an online platform. The Mindfulness group will additionally receive a MBI component including formal and informal practices. Outcomes will be assessed online at baseline, intervention endpoint (follow-up 1) and 12 months after intervention completion (follow-up 2). Comparisons between groups will be performed at all time points with linear mixed models. A mediation analysis will be performed using a 3-variable framework.

Discussion

Exercise therapy and patient education are considered the “best management” options for PFP. However, unsatisfactory long-term prognosis remains an issue. It is known that people with PFP present with altered psychological factors, which should be considered during the evaluation and treatment of people with PFP. Adding a MBI to the current best treatment for PFP may improve short and long-term effects by addressing the underlying psychological factors.

Trial registration

Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos(ReBEC) RBR-4yhbqwk, registered in April 6, 2021.
Comparison between radical surgery and chemoradiotherapy in patients with cervical esophageal cancer: a propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Qi Kang , Lin Gang , Liu Haibo , Zhang Xining , Chen Zhimao , Li Jian
Published: May 2023

Background

The prognostic value of radical surgery (RS) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for cervical esophageal cancer (CEC) was estimated using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database after 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM).

Methods

This retrospective study used SEER data of CEC patients between 2004 and 2015. The prognostic effects on cancer-specific survival (CSS) were evaluated using multivariate cox regression analysis following radical surgery or CRT before and after PSM. The subgroup analysis of CSS is carried out according to T stages.

Results

A total of 440 patients met the eligibility criteria. Three hundred and fifty-six(80.9%)patients underwent chemoradiotherapy, and eighty-four (19.1%) patients underwent radical surgery. There were significant differences between patients of radical surgery and CRT groups with regard to the tumor grade, histology and N stage. After PSM, 80 matched pairs (A total of 160 patients) were selected. Multivariable cox regression analysis revealed no difference in the CSS of patients that underwent either radical surgery or CRT before [hazard ratio (HR): 0.955, 95% CI: 0.704–1.295, P = 0.766] and after PSM (HR: 0.767, 95% CI: 0.512–1.149, P = 0.198). Subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference in CSS between patients with radical surgery and CRT groups for all T stages (T 1–4, all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

This analysis revealed that the prognostic outcomes in patients with cervical esophageal cancer were comparable between radical surgery and CRT.
Salivary proteins offer insights into keratinocyte death during aphthous stomatitis. A case-crossover study
Authors: Cofré-Leiva Camila , Camargo-Ayala Paola Andrea , Vergara-Pérez Angela , Hernández-Olivos Romina , Sanhueza Sergio , Nova-Lamperti Estefanía , Zúñiga-Hernández Jessica , Rivera César
Published: May 2023

Background

The death of oral keratinocytes is a crucial step in the emergence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS, also known as aphthae or aphthous ulcers). Since there are no experimental models available to research aphthous ulcers, little is understood about this process. We hypothesize that saliva can be a data bank of information that offers insights on epithelial damage.

Methods

In this case-crossover study, we assessed the salivary proteome of patients with RAS (n = 36) in the presence and absence of ulcers using discovery proteomics and bioinformatics. Additionally, we contrasted these patterns with those of healthy individuals (n = 31) who had no prior aphthous ulceration.

Results

Salivary proteome showed that during the ulcerative phase, controlled cell death was downregulated. Due to its ability to distinguish between individuals with and without ulcers, the ATF6B protein raises the possibility that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is responsible for the damage that leads to the death of oral keratinocytes. The high abundance of TRAP1 and ERN1 matches with this biological discovery. The type of death is immunogenic, according to the functional data found in a cell death database.

Conclusion

We identified a cellular process that can lead to the death of oral keratinocytes in the etiopathogenesis process of RAS. Future studies should be conducted to identify what is responsible for the increase in ER stress signaling that would lead to an anti-cell death response.
Research efficacy of gaseous ozone therapy as an adjuvant to periodontal treatment on oxidative stress mediators in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rapone Biagio , Ferrara Elisabetta , Qorri Erda , Inchingolo Francesco , Isola Gaetano , Dongiovanni Paola , Tartaglia Gianluca Martino , Scarano Antonio
Published: May 2023

Background

Chronic inflammation and cumulative oxidative stress have been theorized as two common pathways of the interconnection between periodontitis and diabetes. Improvement in oxidizing status has been demonstrated in periodontal patients with diabetes treated with proper non-surgical periodontal treatment. In addition to periodontal treatment, Gaseous ozone therapy has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to stimulate the endogenous antioxidant defence mechanism. To date, the antioxidant effect of gaseous ozone, in addition with periodontal treatment in diabetic patients, has been examined in only one study. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of gaseous ozone therapy as an alternative approach to supporting non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), aimed at improving antioxidant machinery and interfering with ROS production on plasma levels in diabetic individuals diagnosed with moderate or severe periodontitis.

Methods

One hundred and eighty patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to receive non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) plus gaseous ozone therapy (A) NSPT alone (B). Clinical and periodontal parameters -Bleeding on probing (BOP), Periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and Clinical attachment Level (CAL)- and plasma levels of oxidant-antioxidant (TOS- TAOS) levels, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were recorded at baseline and at 3- (T1) and at 6-months (T2) after treatment.

Results

Both treatments were efficacious in reducing clinical parameters. However, there were no significant differences regarding oxidative stress parameters in group A compared to group B.

Conclusions

In the present study, gaseous ozone therapy did not enhance the effect of periodontal treatment in reducing oxidative stress in plasma levels of periodontitis patients with type II diabetes.

Trial registration

The study was registered with ISRCTN1728169 (23/07/2022).
Influence of a new abutment design concept on the biomechanics of peri-implant bone, implant components, and microgap formation: a finite element analysis
Authors: Nie Huimin , Tang Yantai , Yang Yan , Wu Weijie , Zhou Wenjuan , Liu Zhonghao
Published: May 2023

Background

A new two-piece abutment design consisting of an upper prosthetic component and tissue-level base has been introduced; however, the biomechanical behavior of such a design has not been documented. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a two-piece abutment design on the stress in the implant components and surrounding bone, as well as its influence on microgap formation.

Methods

To simulate the implant models in the mandibular left first molar area, we established nine experimental groups that included three bone qualities (type II, III, and IV) and three implant–abutment designs (internal bone level, tissue level, and a two-piece design). After the screw was preloaded, the maximum occlusal (600 N) and masticatory (225 N) forces were established. Finite element analysis was performed to analyze the maximum and minimum principal stresses on the peri-implant bone; the von Mises stresses in the implants, abutments, bases, and screws, and the microgaps at the implant–abutment, implant–base, and base–abutment interfaces.

Results

For all three loading methods, the two-piece abutment design and bone-level connection exhibited similarities in the maximum and minimum principal stresses in the peri-implant bone. The von Mises stresses in both screws and bases were greater for the two-piece design than for the other connection types. The smallest microgap was detected in the tissue-level connection; the largest was observed at the implant–base interface in the two-piece design.

Conclusions

The present study found no evidence that the abutment design exerts a significant effect on peri-implant bone stress. However, the mechanical effects associated with the base and screws should be noted when using a two-piece abutment design. The two-piece abutment design also had no advantage in eliminating the microgap.
The lasting impact of COVID-19 on surgical training from the perspective of surgical residents and consultants in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Qedair Jumanah T. , Alnahdi Wejdan A. , Mortada Hatan , Alnamlah Abdulrahman A. , Almadani Raghad Z. , Hakami Alqassem Y.
Published: May 2023

Background

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, many precautionary measures have been set to curb the transmission of the virus. That has led to changes, most notably in surgical education, like lack of surgical exposure and clinical activities. However, the question aiming at the impact of changes made by the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical education and its extent remains unanswered.

Materials & methods

An electronic survey was distributed among surgical residents and consultants from all over Saudi Arabia, starting from the 6th till the 21st of July, 2021. Descriptive statistics were presented using counts and proportions (%). Study subjects were compared with the different perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic by using Chi-square test. A p-value cut-off point of 0.05 at 95% CI was used to determine statistical significance.

Results

A total of 243 out of 500 surgical residents and consultants responded to the survey, giving a response rate of 48.6%. The majority were general surgeons (50.5%) and cardiothoracic surgeons (21.8%). Nearly 66% of surgeons, both residents and consultants, strongly agreed on the importance of training for infectious disease outbreaks. 44.7% of the consultants and 48% of the residents showed their willingness to respond to the pandemic regardless of its severity. Over 70% of surgeons agreed that developing clinical skills was compromised by the COVID-19 pandemic, and 40% expected a negative impact of the COVID-19 on their operative skills. Simulation was ranked best for disaster medicine training by over 77% of the respondents. The most common concern among surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic was their family’s health and safety. Regarding virtual curriculum components, online practice questions and surgical videos were preferred by the surgical consultant and resident, respectively.

Conclusions

Although the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted surgical education, it has highlighted the alarming need for adopting new components. For surgical training programs, we recommend improving the virtual curriculum, incorporating disaster medicine training, providing psychological services, and prioritizing immunization and treatment access for surgeons’ families.
Trends in the distribution of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking and cessation: evidence among adults aged 18 ~ 59 from China Family Panel Studies data
Authors: Huang Ming Zhao , Liu Tai Yi , Zhang Zhong Min , Song Fujian , Chen Ting
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Cigarette smoking is usually more prevalent among those with a lower socioeconomic status (SES), which can be driven by inequalities in the initiation and cessation of smoking, giving rise to SES disparities in health. This study aimed to gauge the SES inequalities in smoking related behaviours and their evolving trends based on a nationally representative database.

Method

Data were extracted from repeated cross-sectional China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) of adults aged ≥18 and <60 years in 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018. SES was constructed by principal component analysis based on income, education and occupation. Regression-based odds ratios and coefficients as the relative effect index of inequality were applied to quantify the degree of socioeconomic inequality in smoking related behaviours and to adjust for possible confounding factors. Multivariable regressions were utilized to explore the temporal trends in smoking inequalities.

Results

The smoking prevalence among men decreased from 61.16% to 2012 to 57.88% in 2018, cigarette consumption among current smokers declined from 16.71 to 15.49 cigs/per day, and the cessation rate increased from 17.55% to 24.08%. Cigarette consumption for women decreased from 13.39 in 2012 to 11.01 cigs/per day in 2018. Smoking prevalence showed significant SES inequalities among men and women from 2012 to 2018 (men: OR2012 (95%CI)= 0.72 (0.63, 0.83), OR2014 = 0.60 (0.52, 0.69), OR2016 = 0.58 (0.50, 0.67), OR2018 = 0.56 (0.48, 0.66); women: OR2012 = 0.63 (0.41, 0.97), OR2014 = 0.50 (0.32, 0.79), OR2016 = 0.44 (0.26,  0.73), OR2018 = 0.50 (0.30,  0.85)). Cigarette consumption showed significant SES inequalities among men from 2012 to 2018 (β2012=-1.39 (-2.22, -0.57), β2014=-2.37 (-3.23, -1.50), β2016=-2.35 (-3.25, -1.44), β2018=-2.91 (-3.86, -1.97)). In 2018, inequality emerged in smoking cessation rates among men and smoking intensity among women. However, all tests for trends in changes over time were not statistically significant (P varied from 0.072 to 0.602).

Conclusion

The smoking prevalence declined between 2012 and 2018 in China. However, SES inequalities in smoking persist, while socioeconomic inequalities in smoking were not alleviated among adults aged 18 ~ 59 in China. Tobacco control measures should be implemented by giving more attention to people with lower SES who are more vulnerable to tobacco use.