bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Clinical Mental Health Counseling
Authors: Brackette Caroline M.
Published: September 2014

Though there is a scarcity of literature on teaching pedagogy in counselor education, accountability in teaching future counselors is a responsibility of all counselor educators. Though no two educators are identical, there are some commonalities in the approaches used to effectively engage students in learning and gaining the knowledge, skills, and awareness needed to ensure optimal professional counselor efficacy. This chapter focuses on defining the signature pedagogy in counselor education. It will provide detailed examples from a SoTL project in the clinical mental health counseling discipline along with plans for analysis and future discussion on whether the chosen pedagogical methods and assignments are effective in increasing student's knowledge, skills, and awareness. The author will also discuss the goals of implementing SoTL practices within counselor education and reflect on the process of engaging in a SoTL project.
SoTL in Teacher Education: Layers of Learning
Authors: West Jane
Published: September 2014

This chapter will describe the evolution of a study of graduate education students’ needs as writers. Recognizing that many of my students—who would soon be teaching children to write—struggled with various aspects of writing, I began a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) study to examine (a) my students’ perceptions of themselves as writers and their self‐efficacy as teachers of writing and (b) their responses (explicit and implicit in their subsequent writing) to instruction in academic and creative writing. Using a modification of Brookfield's () critical incident questionnaire, students in nine classes reported their experiences of certain written assignments, including their ideas about what would help them improve the quality of their writing. After conducting initial coding of those questionnaires, I share them with each class, along with plans for modifying instruction in response. This process serves multiple purposes related to instruction, ongoing assessment, expanding students’ understandings, and contributing to my formal scholarship. The intentionality of the research process, combined with the sharing of what I'm learning with my professional community, distinguishes this work from the more intuitively responsive teaching I have always attempted to do.
Screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 by cell‐free DNA analysis of maternal blood at 10–11 weeks' gestation and the combined test at 11–13 weeks
Authors: Quezada M. S. , Gil M. M. , Francisco C. , Oròsz G. , Nicolaides K. H.
Published: September 2014

Objective

To examine in a general population the performance of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) testing for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 at 10–11 weeks' gestation and compare it to that of the combined test at 11–13 weeks.

Methods

In 2905 singleton pregnancies, prospective screening for trisomies was performed by chromosome‐selective sequencing of cfDNA in maternal blood at 10–11 weeks' gestation and by the combined test at 11–13 weeks' gestation.

Results

Median maternal age of the study population was 36.9 (range, 20.4–51.9) years. Results from cfDNA analysis were provided for 2851 (98.1%) cases and these were available within 14 days from sampling in 2848 (98.0%) cases. The trisomic status of the pregnancies was determined by prenatal or postnatal karyotyping or clinical examination of the neonates. Of the 2785 pregnancies with a cfDNA result and known trisomic status, cfDNA testing correctly identified all 32 cases with trisomy 21, nine of 10 with trisomy 18 and two of five with trisomy 13, with false‐positive rates of 0.04%, 0.19% and 0.07%, respectively. In cases with discordant results between cfDNA testing and fetal karyotype, the median fetal fraction was lower than in those with concordant results (6% vs 11%). Using the combined test, the estimated risk for trisomy 21 was ≥ 1/100 in all trisomic cases and in 4.4% of the non‐trisomic pregnancies.

Conclusion

The performance of first‐trimester cfDNA testing for trisomies 21 and 18 in the general population is similar to that in high‐risk pregnancies. Most false‐positive and false‐negative results from cfDNA testing could be avoided if the a priori risk from the combined test is taken into account in the interpretation of individual risk. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Investigation into the Palladium‐Europium Acetate Reductive Decomposition with Synchrotron Radiation‐Based X‐ray Diffraction and X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Khramov Evgeny , Belyakova Olga , Murzin Vadim , Veligzhanin Alexey , Chernyshov Alfred , Vargaftik Mikhail , Kozitsyna Natalya , Zubavichus Yan
Published: September 2014

The reductive decomposition of the complex Pd2Eu2(μ,η2‐OOCMe)2(μ‐OOCMe)8(H2O)2·(HOOCMe)2upon heating from room temperature to 500 °C in a hydrogen atmosphere was investigated by in situ synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) including observations of X‐ray near‐edge structure (XANES) and extended absorption fine structure (EXAFS) at Pd K‐ and Eu L3‐edges and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The Pd‐Eu2O3nanocomposite was found to be the final thermolysis product. The decomposition proceeds via series of intermediate crystalline phases, including europium(II) and (III) anhydrous acetates and EuO(CH3COO) oxidoacetate. Surprisingly, the major fraction of europium occurs in the reduced form Eu2+within a limited temperature range of 200–300 °C. Presumably, the reversible Eu3+↔Eu2+redox‐process is associated with the stability of nanocrystalline palladium hydride, which acts as a stronger reducing agent as compared to molecular hydrogen.
Geometry of plane strain characteristic fields in pressure‐dependent plasticity
Authors: Alexandrov S.
Published: September 2014

In the classical theory of rigid perfectly/plastic solids, the calculation of plane strain characteristic fields is reduced to solving the telegraph equation and subsequent evaluation of ordinary integrals. The telegraph equation can be integrated by the method of Riemann. In the present brief note this approach is extended to pressure‐dependent plasticity based on the Coulomb‐Mohr yield function. Body forces are neglected and kinematic theories are not considered.
1000 Port‐A‐Cath® Placements by Subclavian Vein Approach: Single Surgeon Experience
Authors: Mudan S. , Giakoustidis A. , Morrison D. , Iosifidou S. , Raobaikady R. , Neofytou K. , Stebbing J.
Published: September 2014

Introduction

Totally implantable venous access ports are widely used for the administration of chemotherapy in patients with cancer. Although there are several approaches to implantation, here we describe Port‐A‐Cath® (PAC) placement by percutaneous puncture of the subclavian vein with ultrasonographic guidance.

Patients and methods

Data on our vascular access service were collected prospectively from June 2004. This service included port‐a‐caths and Hickman lines. Once 1000 consecutive port‐a‐caths® had been reached the study was closed and data analysed for the port‐a‐caths® alone. The left subclavian vein was the preferred site for venous access, with the right subclavian and jugular veins being the alternative choices if the initial approach failed. Patients were followed up in the short‐term, and all the procedures were carried out by a single surgeon at each one of two institutions.

Results

Venous access by PAC was established in 100 % of the 1,000 cases. Of the 952 patients where the left subclavian vein was chosen for the first attempt of puncture, the success rate of PAC placement was 95 % (n = 904). Pneumothorax occurred in 12 patients (1.2 %), and a wound haematoma occurred in 4 (0.4 %) out of the total 1,000 patients. No infections were recorded during the immediate post‐operative period but only in the long‐term post‐operative use with 8 patients requiring removal of the PAC due to infection following administration of chemotherapy.

Conclusion

This is a very large series of PAC placement with an ultrasound‐guided approach for left subclavian vein and X‐ray confirmation, performed by a single surgeon, demonstrating both the safety and effectiveness of the procedure.
Hemorrhoidal dearterialization with mucopexy versus hemorrhoidectomy: 3-year follow-up assessment of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Denoya P. , Tam J. , Bergamaschi R.
Published: September 2014

Background

A randomized controlled trial showed that patients with grade III or IV internal hemorrhoids had similar symptomatic relief of symptoms up to 3 months following dearterialization with mucopexy or hemorrhoidectomy albeit with less postoperative pain after the former. This study aimed to compare hemorrhoidal recurrence and chronic complications at 3-year follow-up.

Methods

This study was carried out on 40 patients with grade III or IV internal hemorrhoids previously enrolled to a randomized trial comparing dearterialization to hemorrhoidectomy. Recurrence was defined as internal hemorrhoids diagnosed on proctoscopy. Chronic complications were nonresolving adverse events related to surgery. Outcome measures included patient-reported outcomes and quality of life measured by brief pain inventory (BPI), SF-12, and fecal incontinence surveys.

Results

At median follow-up of 36 (27–43) months, 13 patients (32.5 %) were lost to follow-up. Patient-reported outcomes suggested no difference between dearterialization and hemorrhoidectomy in persistent symptoms, occurring in 1 (8.3 %) vs. 2 (13.3 %) patients (p = 0.681) and in symptom recurrence, occurring in 6 (50 %) vs. 4 (26.7 %) patients (p = 0.212). On proctoscopy, recurrence was seen in 2 (13.3 %) vs. 1 (6.7 %) patients (p = 0.411), all with index grade IV disease. One patient in each arm required reoperation (p = 0.869). Chronic complications were not seen in the dearterialization arm while they occurred in 2 (13.3 %) hemorrhoidectomy patients (p = 0.189) and included unhealed wound (n = 1), anal fissure (n = 1) and fecal incontinence (n = 1). There was a trend toward more patient reported than actual recurrence on proctoscopy (10 vs. 3, p = 0.259). There was no difference in BPI, SF-12, and fecal incontinence quality of life scores.

Conclusions

Recurrence rates did not differ significantly at 3-year follow-up and occurred in patients with index grade IV hemorrhoids. Chronic complications occurred only after hemorrhoidectomy.
Programs for Prevention of Externalizing Problems in Children: Limited Evidence for Effect Beyond 6 Months Post Intervention
Authors: Smedler Ann-Charlotte , Hjern Anders , Wiklund Stefan , Anttila Sten , Pettersson Agneta
Published: September 2014

Background

Preventing externalizing problems in children is a major societal concern, and a great number of intervention programs have been developed to this aim. To evaluate their preventive effects, well-controlled trials including follow-up assessments are necessary.

Methods

This is a systematic review of the effect of prevention programs targeting externalizing problems in children. The review covered peer reviewed publications in English, German, French, Spanish and Scandinavian languages. Experimental studies of standardized programs explicitly aiming at preventing externalizing mental ill-health in children (2–19 years), with outcome assessments at ≥6 months post intervention for both intervention and control groups, were included. We also included long-term trials with consecutive observations over several years, even in the absence of follow-up ≥6 months post intervention. Studies of clinical populations or children with impairments, which substantially increase the risk for mental disorders, were excluded.

Results

Thirty-eight controlled trials assessing 25 different programs met inclusion criteria. Only five programs were supported by scientific evidence, representing selective parent training (Incredible Years and Triple-P), indicated family support (Family Check-Up), and school-based programs (Good Behavior Game, universally delivered, and Coping Power, as an indicated intervention). With few exceptions, effects after 6–12 months were small. Long-term trials showed small and inconsistent effects.

Conclusions

Despite a vast literature, the evidence for preventive effects is meager, largely due to insufficient follow-up post intervention. Long-term follow up assessment and effectiveness studies should be given priority in future evaluations of interventions to prevent externalizing problems in children.
Impact of Phosphoethanolamine Reverse Micelles on Lipid Oxidation in Bulk Oils
Authors: Cui Leqi , Kittipongpittaya Ketinun , McClements D. Julian , Decker Eric A.
Published: September 2014

Phospholipids are important minor components in edible oil that play a role in lipid oxidation. Surface active phospholipids have an intermediate hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value, which allows them to form association colloids such as reverse micelles in bulk oil. These association colloids can influence lipid oxidation since they create lipid–water interfaces where prooxidants and antioxidants can interact with triacylglycerols. In this study, we examined the formation of reverse micelles in a stripped oil system by dioleoyl phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and the effect of these physical structures on lipid oxidation kinetics. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of DOPE was approximately 200 µmol/kg oil at 45 °C. Oxidation kinetics studies showed that DOPE was prooxidative when it was above its CMC (400 and 1,000 µM), reducing the lag phase from 14 days (control) to 8 days. The addition of combinations of DOPE and dioleoyl phosphocholine (DOPC) resulted in formation of mixed micelles with a CMC of 80 µmol/kg oil at 45 °C. These mixed micelles were also prooxidative when concentrations (100 and 500 µM) were above the CMC, decreasing the lag phase from 14 to 8 days. These findings provide a better understanding of the role of phospholipids in lipid oxidation of edible oil and could contribute to better antioxidant solutions.
Upper bounds for packings of spheres of several radii
Authors: DE LAAT DAVID , DE OLIVEIRA FILHO FERNANDO MÁRIO , VALLENTIN FRANK
Published: September 2014

We give theorems that can be used to upper bound the densities of packings of different spherical caps in the unit sphere and of translates of different convex bodies in Euclidean space. These theorems extend the linear programming bounds for packings of spherical caps and of convex bodies through the use of semidefinite programming. We perform explicit computations, obtaining new bounds for packings of spherical caps of two different sizes and for binary sphere packings. We also slightly improve the bounds for the classical problem of packing identical spheres.
Development and reproduction ofSpodoptera eridania(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its egg parasitoidTelenomus remus(Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on the genetically modified soybean (Bt) MON 87701×MON 89788
Authors: Bortolotto O.C. , Silva G.V. , de Freitas Bueno A. , Pomari A.F. , Martinelli S. , Head G. P. , Carvalho R. A. , Barbosa G.C.
Published: September 2014

Genetically modified crops with insect resistance genes fromBacillus thuringiensisBerliner (Bt-plants) are increasingly being cultivated worldwide. Therefore, it is critical to improve our knowledge of their direct or indirect impact not only on target pests but also on non-target arthropods. Hence, this study evaluates comparative leaf consumption and performance ofSpodoptera eridania(Cramer), a species that is tolerant of the Cry1Ac protein, fed withBtsoybean, MON 87701×MON 89788 or its non-Btisoline. We also assessed the comparative performance of the egg parasitoidTelenomus remusNixon on eggs ofS. eridaniaproduced from individuals that fed on these two soybean isolines as larvae. Results showed thatBtsoybean reduced by 2 days larval development and increased by 3 days adult male longevity. Therefore, we conclude that the effect ofBtsoybean MON 87701×MON 89788 onS. eridaniadevelopment and reproduction is small, and favorable to pest development. These differences are less likely to directly result from the toxin presence but indirectly from unintended changes in plant characteristics caused by the insertion of the transgene. Our results should be viewed as an alert thatS. eridaniapopulations may increase inBtsoybeans, but on the other hand, no adverse effects of this technology were observed for the egg parasitoidT. remuswhich can help to preventS. eridaniaoutbreaks on these crops.
Impact of changing cropping pattern on the regional agricultural water productivity
Authors: SUN S. K. , WU P. T. , WANG Y. B. , ZHAO X. N.
Published: September 2014

Water scarcity is a major constraint of agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas. In the face of future water scarcity, one possible way the agricultural sector could be adapted is to change cropping patterns and make adjustments for available water resources for irrigation. The present paper analyses the temporal evolution of cropping pattern from 1960 to 2008 in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), China. The impact of changing cropping patterns on regional agricultural water productivity is evaluated from the water footprint (WF) perspective. Results show that the area under cash crops (e.g. sunflower and melon) has risen phenomenally over the study period because of increased economic returns pursued by farmers. Most of these cash crops have a smaller WF (high water productivity) than grain crops in HID. With the increase of area sown to cash crops, water productivity in HID increased substantially. Changing the cropping pattern has significant effects on regional crop water productivity: in this way, HID has increased the total crop production without increasing significantly the regional water consumption. The results of this case study indicate that regional agricultural water can be used effectively by properly planning crop areas and patterns under irrigation water limitations. However, there is a need to foster a cropping pattern that is multifunctional and sustainable, which can guarantee food security, enhance natural resource use and provide stable and high returns to farmers.
Comparative community-level associations of helminth infections and microparasite shedding in wild long-tailed macaques in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: WILCOX JUSTIN J. S. , LANE-DEGRAAF KELLY E. , FUENTES AGUSTIN , HOLLOCHER HOPE
Published: September 2014

Helminthes have the capacity to modulate host immunity, leading to positive interactions with coinfecting microparasites. This phenomenon has been primarily studied during coinfections with a narrow range of geo-helminthes and intracellular microparasites in human populations or under laboratory conditions. Far less is known regarding differences in coinfection dynamics between helminth types, the range of microparasites that might be affected or the overall community-level effects of helminth infections on microparasites in wild systems. Here, we analysed the presence/absence and abundance patterns of enteric parasites in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) on the island of Bali, Indonesia, to assess whether naturally occurring helminth infections were associated with increased shedding of the most common intracellular (Cryptosporidiumspp.,Isosporaspp.) and extracellular (Entamoebaspp.,Giardiaspp.) microparasites. We also comparatively assessed the statistical correlations of different helminth taxa with microparasite shedding to determine if there were consistent relationships between the specific helminth taxa and microparasites. Helminth infections were associated with increased shedding of both intracellular and extracellular microparasites. Platyhelminthes repeatedly displayed strong positive correlations with several microparasites; while nematodes did not. Our results indicate that helminthes can influence microparasite community shedding dynamics under wild conditions, but that trends may be driven by a narrow range of helminthes.
Environmental factors associated with liana community assemblages in a tropical forest reserve, Ghana
Authors: Addo-Fordjour Patrick , Rahmad Zakaria B.
Published: September 2014

This study determined variation in liana diversity, composition and community structure in different topographic habitats, as well as the environmental factors associated with them in the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Ghana. The above-mentioned liana assemblage attributes were examined in thirty 40 × 40-m plots, randomly demarcated within three topographic habitats at different average altitudes (hill bottom: 85.6 m asl, hill slope: 343 m asl, plateau: 641 m asl). Soil properties, altitude and slope angle were determined for the plots. Using multiple stepwise regression, non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, and analysis of similarity, environmental factors that influenced the above-mentioned attributes of liana assemblages were determined. The findings revealed significant variation in liana diversity, composition and community structure among the topographic habitats. Liana species composition related with soil P, Mg and moisture, and altitude. Soil Mg and P associated positively with species composition in the hill-bottom habitat while altitude and soil moisture related negatively with it. A reverse trend occurred in the other habitats. Five environmental factors related significantly with liana diversity and community structure as follows – species richness: soil Ca and Mg, altitude; Shannon diversity: soil Ca, altitude; abundance: soil moisture and P, altitude; basal area: soil moisture, P.
Persistent primitive hepatic venous plexus with Scimitar syndrome: description of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Restrepo M. Santiago , Aldoss Osamah , Ng Benton
Published: September 2014

Persistent primitive hepatic venous plexus is an anomaly of the systemic venous return characterised by postnatal persistence of the foetal intrahepatic venous drainage. Scimitar syndrome is a condition that consists of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return of the right pulmonary venous drainage into the systemic veins, associated with pulmonary artery hypoplasia with the underdeveloped right lung, pulmonary sequestration, and cardiac malposition. Both conditions are rare and together have been rarely described in the literature. We report the first case of this combination of lesions imaged by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with a three-dimensional reconstruction and reviewed the literature to characterise this uncommon combination.
Surgical management of symptomatic neonates with Ebstein’s anomaly: choice of operation
Authors: Knott-Craig Christopher J. , Kumar Thittamaranahalli Kariyappa S. , Arevalo Alejandro R. , Joshi Vijaya M.
Published: September 2014

Objective:Symptomatic neonates with Ebstein’s anomaly pose significant challenge. Within this cohort, neonates with associated anatomical pulmonary atresia have higher mortality. We review our experience with this difficult subset.Methods:A total of 32 consecutive symptomatic neonates with Ebstein’s anomaly underwent surgical intervention between 1994 and 2013. Of them, 20 neonates (62%, 20/32) had associated pulmonary atresia. Patients’ weights ranged from 1.9 to 3.4 kg. All patients without pulmonary atresia had two-ventricle repair. Of the 20 neonates, 16 (80%, 16/20) with Ebstein’s anomaly and pulmonary atresia had two-ventricle repair and 4 had single-ventricle palliation, of which 2 underwent Starnes’ palliation and 2 Blalock–Taussig shunts. Six recent patients with Ebstein’s anomaly and pulmonary atresia had right ventricle to pulmonary artery valved conduit as part of their two-ventricle repair.Results:Overall early mortality was 28% (9/32). For those without pulmonary atresia, mortality was 8.3% (1/12). For the entire cohort of neonates with Ebstein’s anomaly and pulmonary atresia, mortality was 40% (8/20; p=0.05). Mortality for neonates with Ebstein’s anomaly and pulmonary atresia having two-ventricle repair was 44% (7/16). Mortality for neonates with Ebstein’s anomaly and pulmonary atresia having two-ventricle repair utilising right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit was 16% (1/6). For those having one-ventricle repair, the mortality was 25% (1/4).Conclusions:Surgical management of neonates with Ebstein’s anomaly remains challenging. For neonates with Ebstein’s anomaly and anatomical pulmonary atresia, single-ventricle palliation is associated with lower early mortality compared with two-ventricle repair. This outcome advantage is negated by inclusion of right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit as part of the two-ventricle repair.
MORTALITY DECLINE, RETIREMENT AGE, AND AGGREGATE SAVINGS
Authors: Chen Yanyou , Lau Sau-Him Paul
Published: September 2014

We use an overlapping-generations model with endogenous retirement and saving to study the trade-off between saving and retirement age in response to mortality decline. When life expectancy increases by one year, people delay retirement by about four months. With this magnitude of delay in retirement age, the percentage of lifetime spent in working decreases, and people have to save more for postretirement years. Neither the pure form of sole adjustment through savings nor the proportionality hypothesis is consistent with our results, but the proportionality hypothesis is a better rule of thumb in predicting future behavior. Our choice of the modified Boucekkine et al. (2002) survival function gives a convenient one-to-one correspondence between life expectancy increase and a change in the survival parameter.
Winning and Losing in the Modern Era: Identity, Mobilisation, and Empowerment in Southeast Asia
Authors: Weiss Meredith L.
Published: September 2014

In Southeast Asia as elsewhere, shifts in global, regional, and domestic politics and economies benefit some and disadvantage others. Overall, those individuals and groups defined by their subordinated position in the emerging political economy are at a disadvantage. Moreover, the decline of ideology, particularly with the seemingly hegemonic advance of neoliberalism, has limited space for challenge along those lines. Rather than assume, however, that it is merely the wealthiest ‘one per cent’ whoareadvantaged and empowered in this evolving system, we can weigh what resources and alliances are available to whom. Members of newly-formed categories may benefit from the shifting tides, regardless of class or structural position, for instance given their alignment with prevailing norms or frames, or their access to new media and transnational advocacy networks. Some of those most disadvantaged by the shifting economic context, on the other hand, may be doubly disempowered, as they face added hurdles to identity-building and collective action. This article explores new regimes of domination and resistance from below, focusing on why particular collective identities gain salience at particular moments and what determines which movements or claims take off or fail to thrive.
Decreased Expression of Organic Cation Transporters, Oct1 and Oct2, in Brain Microvessels and its Implication to MPTP-Induced Dopaminergic Toxicity in Aged Mice
Authors: Wu Kuo-Chen , Lu Ya-Hsuan , Peng Yi-Hsuan , Tsai Ting-Fen , Kao Yu-Han , Yang Hui-Ting , Lin Chun-Jung
Published: September 2014

This study was to investigate the influence of age on the expression of organic cation transporters (OCTs) that belong to the SLC22 family in brain microvessels (BMVs) and its implications for 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic toxicity in mice. Here, we showed that Oct1 and Oct2, but not Oct3, mRNAs were detected and enriched (compared with cerebral cortex) in BMVs of C57BL/6 (B6) mice using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and immunofluorescence analysis further revealed that Oct1 and Oct2 proteins were colocalized with endothelial markers. Both the mRNA and protein levels of Oct1 and Oct2 were reduced in aged mice. After an intraperitoneal administration of MPTP, brain extracellular levels of MPTP and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) were much lower in aged mice and in Oct1/2 −/− mice compared with younger mice and wild-type control mice, respectively. Knockout of Oct1/Oct2 protected Oct1/2 −/− mice from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, whereas the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons was slightly greater in aged than in younger mice. However, intrastriatal infusion of low-dose MPTP caused more severe dopaminergic toxicity in the substantia nigra of both aged mice and Oct1/2 −/− mice. These findings show that age-dependent downregulation or knockout of Oct1/Oct2 in BMVs may reduce the transport of MPTP, which, in part, affects its dopaminergic toxicity.
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibition in Brain Endothelium Protects the Blood—Brain Barrier under Physiologic and Neuroinflammatory Conditions
Authors: Rom Slava , Zuluaga-Ramirez Viviana , Dykstra Holly , Reichenbach Nancy L , Ramirez Servio H , Persidsky Yuri
Published: September 2014

Blood—brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction seen in neuroinflammation contributes to mortality and morbidity in multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, traumatic brain injury, and stroke. Identification of molecular targets maintaining barrier function is of clinical relevance. We used a novel in vivo model of localized aseptic meningitis where tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was introduced intracerebrally and surveyed cerebral vascular changes and leukocyte—endothelium interactions by intravital videomicroscopy. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP) inhibition significantly reduced leukocyte adhesion to and migration across brain endothelium in cortical microvessels. PARP inactivation diminished BBB permeability in an in vivo model of systemic inflammation. PARP suppression in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC), an in vitro model of BBB, enhanced barrier integrity and augmented expression of tight junction proteins. PARP inhibition in BMVEC diminished human monocyte adhesion to TNFα-activated BMVEC (up to 65%) and migration (80–100%) across BBB models. PARP suppression decreased expression of adhesion molecules and decreased activity of GTPases (controlling BBB integrity and monocyte migration across the BBB). PARP inhibitors down-regulated expression of inflammatory genes and dampened secretion of pro-inflammatory factors increased by TNFα in BMVEC. These results point to PARP suppression as a novel approach to BBB protection in the setting of endothelial dysfunction caused by inflammation.
Structural basis for biomolecular recognition in overlapping binding sites in a diiron enzyme system
Authors: Acheson Justin F. , Bailey Lucas J. , Elsen Nathaniel L. , Fox Brian G.
Published: September 2014

Productive biomolecular recognition requires exquisite control of affinity and specificity. Accordingly, nature has devised many strategies to achieve proper binding interactions. Bacterial multicomponent monooxygenases provide a fascinating example, where a diiron hydroxylase must reversibly interact with both ferredoxin and catalytic effector in order to achieve electron transfer and O2 activation during catalysis. Because these two accessory proteins have distinct structures, and because the hydroxylase-effector complex covers the entire surface closest to the hydroxylase diiron centre, how ferredoxin binds to the hydroxylase has been unclear. Here we present high-resolution structures of toluene 4-monooxygenase hydroxylase complexed with its electron transfer ferredoxin and compare them with the hydroxylase-effector structure. These structures reveal that ferredoxin or effector protein binding produce different arrangements of conserved residues and customized interfaces on the hydroxylase in order to achieve different aspects of catalysis.
Hall conductance and topological invariant for open systems
Authors: Shen H. Z. , Wang W. , Yi X. X.
Published: September 2014

The Hall conductivity given by the Kubo formula is a linear response of quantum transverse transport to a weak electric field. It has been intensively studied for quantum systems without decoherence, but it is barely explored for systems subject to decoherence. In this paper, we develop a formulism to deal with this issue for topological insulators. The Hall conductance of a topological insulator coupled to an environment is derived, the derivation is based on a linear response theory developed for open systems in this paper. As an application, the Hall conductance of a two-band topological insulator and a two-dimensional lattice is presented and discussed.
Characterizations of how species mediate ecosystem properties require more comprehensive functional effect descriptors
Authors: Hale R. , Mavrogordato M. N. , Tolhurst T. J. , Solan M.
Published: September 2014

The importance of individual species in mediating ecosystem process and functioning is generally accepted, but categorical descriptors that summarize species-specific contributions to ecosystems tend to reference a limited number of biological traits and underestimate the importance of how organisms interact with their environment. Here, we show how three functionally contrasting sediment-dwelling marine invertebrates affect fluid and particle transport - important processes in mediating nutrient cycling - and use high-resolution reconstructions of burrow geometry to determine the extent and nature of biogenic modification. We find that individual functional effect descriptors fall short of being able to adequately characterize how species mediate the stocks and flows of important ecosystem properties and that, in contrary to common practice and understanding, they are not substitutable with one another because they emphasize different aspects of species activity and behavior. When information derived from these metrics is combined with knowledge of how species behave and modify their environment, however, detailed mechanistic information emerges that increases the likelihood that a species functional standing will be appropriately summarized. Our study provides evidence that more comprehensive functional effect descriptors are required if they are to be of value to those tasked with projecting how altered biodiversity will influence future ecosystems.
Mechanism of DNA trapping in nanoporous structures during asymmetric pulsed-field electrophoresis
Authors: Zhou Ya , Sheng Huiying , Harrison D. Jed
Published: September 2014

A detailed model of DNA trapping at high fields in particle-based sieves is developed, identifying di-electrophoresis as the primary cause.
A shell-like Sm-doped CeO2 nanostructure based electrochemical DNA biosensor for breast cancer gene sequence detection
Authors: Deng Fen-fang , Ding Cong , Wang Yu , Li Wen-ting , Liu Li-li , Li He
Published: September 2014

A novel nanocomposite including chitosan, Sm-doped cerium dioxide and a room temperature ionic liquid was applied to the sensitive detection of the breast cancer gene sequence.
Excimer formation in organic emitter films associated with a molecular orientation promoted by steric hindrance
Authors: Lee Jaehyun , Kim Beomjin , Kwon Ji Eon , Kim Joonghan , Yokoyama Daisuke , Suzuki Katsuaki , Nishimura Hidetaka , Wakamiya Atsushi , Park Soo Young , Park Jongwook
Published: September 2014

White emission was obtained by introducing a terphenyl group into a highly twisted core, which promoted a molecular orientation suitable for excimer formation.
The coaction of tonic and phasic dopamine dynamics
Authors: Atcherley Christopher W. , Wood Kevin M. , Parent Kate L. , Hashemi Parastoo , Heien Michael L.
Published: September 2014

Tonic neurochemical dopamine activity underlies many brain functions; however a consensus on this important concentration has not yet been reached.
Re and99mTc complexes of BodP3– multi-modality imaging probes
Authors: Davies Laura H. , Kasten Benjamin B. , Benny Paul D. , Arrowsmith Rory L. , Ge Haobo , Pascu Sofia I. , Botchway Stan W. , Clegg William , Harrington Ross W. , Higham Lee J.
Published: September 2014

A fluorescent tridentate phosphine, BodP3(2), forms rhenium complexes which effectively image cancer cells.
Multiplex SNP detection in multiple codons for accurate drug therapy
Authors: Sayyed Danishmalik Rafiq , Nimse Satish Balasaheb , Song Keum-Soo , Sung Nackmoon , Kim Taisun
Published: September 2014

Multiplex SNP discrimination in the multiple codons of the genomic DNA is demonstrated by applying controller DNA technology (CDT) to MDR-TB 9G DNAChips.
Morphology-driven absorption and emission colour changes in liquid-crystalline, cyclometallated platinum(ii) complexes
Authors: Kozhevnikov Valery N. , Donnio Bertrand , Heinrich Benoît , Bruce Duncan W.
Published: September 2014

Platinum(ii) complexes of 1,3-bis(2-pyridyl)benzene containing two alkyl chains are unexpectedly mesomorphic and capable of changing absorption and emission colour depending on the phase obtained after thermal treatment.
A radical spin on viologen polymers: organic spin crossover materials in water
Authors: Juetten Mark J. , Buck Alexander T. , Winter Arthur H.
Published: September 2014

A polymer containing viologen radical cation monomer units is shown to reversibly switch between paramagnetic and diamagnetic statesvianon-covalent host–guest interactions or temperature control in water.
Growth and properties of a noncentrosymmetric polyphosphate CsLa(PO3)4crystal with deep-ultraviolet transparency
Authors: Sun Tongqing , Shan Pai , Chen Hong , Liu Xuanwen , Liu Hongde , Chen Shaolin , Cao Ya'an , Kong Yongfa , Xu Jingjun
Published: September 2014

A single crystal of CsLa(PO3)4has been successfully grown, and it exhibits a remarkable deep-UV cutoff edge of 167 nm.
Polarisation charge switching through the motion of metal atoms trapped in fullerene cages
Authors: Raggi G. , Stace A. J. , Bichoutskaia E.
Published: September 2014

Calcium containing endohedral fullerenes are representative of a large group of molecular cages, which can be reversibly toggled between two stable states defined by the distribution of the polarisation charge.
Dynamics of energy transfer and soft-landing in collisions of protonated dialanine with perfluorinated self-assembled monolayer surfaces
Authors: Pratihar Subha , Kohale Swapnil C. , Bhakta Dhruv G. , Laskin Julia , Hase William L.
Published: September 2014

Combined theoretical/experimental study on the collisions of protonated dialanine with a perfluorinated octanethiolate self-assembled monolayer (F-SAM) surface.
The structures and thermodynamic stability of copper(ii) chloride surfaces
Authors: Altarawneh Mohammednoor , Jiang Zhong-Tao , Dlugogorski Bogdan Z.
Published: September 2014

This study examines the structures of all plausible terminations of CuCl2 surfaces and assesses their thermodynamic stability under practical operational conditions, relevant to the role of CuCl2 as the most crucial chlorination catalyst in combustion systems.
Facile synthesis of V4+self-doped, [010] oriented BiVO4nanorods with highly efficient visible light-induced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Guo Yiping , Duan Huanan , Li Hua , Sun Chongyang , Liu Hezhou
Published: September 2014

Self-doped, [010] oriented BiVO4nanorods with plentiful oxygen vacancies on the surface exhibit strong adsorbability and highly efficient photocatalytic activity.
Isotopic probes for ruthenium-catalyzed olefin metathesis
Authors: Lummiss Justin A. M. , Botti Adrian G. G. , Fogg Deryn E.
Published: September 2014

13C-labelled Grubbs catalysts, RuCl2(L)(PCy3)(13CHR) (R = H, Ph), pinpoint the fate of the methylidene (benzylidene) moiety during metathesis and deactivation.
A novel non-chromatographic strategy for the sequential/simultaneous extraction and analysis of chromium species by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry in effluents and different water sources
Authors: Meeravali Noorbasha N. , Manjusha R. , Kumar Sunil Jai
Published: September 2014

A novel surfactant assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic drop procedure is developed for the sequential and simultaneous pre-concentration of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi).
Using a patterned grating structure to create lipid bilayer platforms insensitive to air bubbles
Authors: Han Chung-Ta , Chao Ling
Published: September 2014

We create a patterned structured surface in a microfluidic channel to protect supported lipid bilayers from being destroyed by air bubbles.
A novel MEMS compatible lab-on-a-tube technology
Authors: Yang Zhuoqing , Zhang Yi , Itoh Toshihiro , Maeda Ryutaro
Published: September 2014

We present a novel lab-on-a-tube technology, which is a combination of three-dimensional (3D) cylindrical photolithography and nanoimprint processes, for fabricating microfunctional structures on a tiny tube substrate directly.
Naphthoquinone-based chalcone hybrids and derivatives: synthesis and potent activity against cancer cell lines
Authors: Jardim Guilherme A. M. , Guimarães Tiago T. , Pinto Maria do Carmo F. R. , Cavalcanti Bruno C. , de Farias Kaio M. , Pessoa Claudia , Gatto Claudia C. , Nair Divya K. , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N.
Published: September 2014

Naphthoquinone-based chalcone hybrids were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against four cancer cell lines and PBMC. Some of the hybrids exhibited promising anticancer activity with IC50 values < 1 μM.
Dual-modality, fluorescent, PLGA encapsulated bismuth nanoparticles for molecular and cellular fluorescence imaging and computed tomography
Authors: Swy Eric R. , Schwartz-Duval Aaron S. , Shuboni Dorela D. , Latourette Matthew T. , Mallet Christiane L. , Parys Maciej , Cormode David P. , Shapiro Erik M.
Published: September 2014

Bismuth nanocrystals and a fluorescent dye are encapsulated in a polymer nanoparticle, enabling dual fluorescent and x-ray molecular and cellular imaging.
The effect of self-sorting and co-assembly on the mechanical properties of low molecular weight hydrogels
Authors: Colquhoun Catherine , Draper Emily R. , Eden Edward G. B. , Cattoz Beatrice N. , Morris Kyle L. , Chen Lin , McDonald Tom O. , Terry Ann E. , Griffiths Peter C. , Serpell Louise C. , Adams Dave J.
Published: September 2014

Self-sorting in low molecular weight hydrogels can be used to prepare gels with different types of mechanical properties.
Laser-scribed graphene presents an opportunity to print a new generation of disposable electrochemical sensors
Authors: Griffiths Katie , Dale Carl , Hedley John , Kowal Matthew D. , Kaner Richard B. , Keegan Neil
Published: September 2014

Laser-scribed graphene electrodes display optimal electrochemical responses even in a fully disposable planar three electrode format.
A novel method to encapsulate a Au nanorod array in 15 nm radius multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Liao Gaomin , Pan Yuanyuan , Wu Qiang , Li Shaoyun , Weng Yuyan , Zhang Xiaohua , Yang Zhaohui , Guo Jun , Chen Muzi , Tang Minghua , Tsui Ophelia K. C.
Published: September 2014

A gold nanorod array encapsulated in 15 nm radius multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
Oxidative nucleophilic strategy for synthesis of thiocyanates and trifluoromethyl sulfides from thiols
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuya , Sakagami Konomi , Miyamoto Yumi , Jin Xiongjie , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: September 2014

In the presence of a 2 × 2 manganese oxide-based octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) and potassium fluoride (KF), various thiocyanates and trifluoromethyl sulfides could be synthesized from thiols in almost quantitative yields.
Rapid assembly of heterocycle grafted macrocycles via tandem one-pot double 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Prasanna R. , Purushothaman S. , Raghunathan R.
Published: September 2014

Synthesis of triazole linked macrocycles grafted with glycospiroheterocycle was accomplished by stereo- and regioselective tandem double 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DC) reaction.
Gradient and block side-chain liquid crystalline polyethers
Authors: Liu Yu , Wei Wei , Xiong Huiming
Published: September 2014

Synthesis of gradient liquid crystalline copolymers is reported for the first time, phase structures of which on multiple length scales with composition and temperature are investigated and compared with the corresponding diblock copolymers.
Reduced graphene oxide as a highly efficient adsorbent for 1-naphthol and the mechanism thereof
Authors: Ali Mohamed Mukthar , Sandhya K. Y.
Published: September 2014

Herein, adsorption and removal of 1-naphthol from water using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is reported.
Cryo-SEM images of native milk fat globule indicate small casein micelles are constituents of the membrane
Authors: Luo Jie , Wang Zi Wei , Wang Fang , Zhang Hao , Lu Jiang , Guo Hui Yuan , Ren Fa Zheng
Published: September 2014

Schematic representation of the native milk fat globule membrane: casein micelles and whey proteins on the surface of the membrane.
Preparation of quantum dot-embedded polymeric nanoparticles using flash nanoprecipitation
Authors: Zhang Yanjie , Clapp Aaron R.
Published: September 2014

We developed a unique and efficient method to encapsulate quantum dots within amphiphilic polymer micelles using the flash nanoprecipitation technique and various micromixers (multi-inlets vortex mixer, MIVM, and confined impinging-jet mixer, CIJM).
Synthesis and phase behavior of mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymer with triphenylene discotic liquid crystal mesogen unit in side chains
Authors: Ban Jianfeng , Chen Sheng , Zhang Hailiang
Published: September 2014

Phase behavior of mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymer with triphenylene discotic liquid crystal mesogen unit.
Facile solvothermal synthesis of 3D flowerlike β-In2S3 microspheres and their photocatalytic activity performance
Authors: Wei Caiying , Guo Wei , Yang Jiaqin , Fan Hongmin , Zhang Jing , Zheng Wenjun
Published: September 2014

Three-dimension (3D) flowerlike β-In2S3 microspheres have been successfully synthesized by a facile solvothermal method using thioacetamide (TAA, CH3CSNH2) as both a sulfur source and ligand of In3+ in the ethanol–water system.
Enhanced carrier transport in tris(8-hydroxyquinolinate) aluminum by titanyl phthalocyanine doping
Authors: Ramar M. , Tyagi Priyanka , Suman C. K. , Srivastava Ritu
Published: September 2014

The effect of doping titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) into tris(8-hydroxyquinolinate) aluminum (Alq3) (Alq3:T; where T represents TiOPc), used as an electron transport layer (ETL) for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), was investigated.
One-dimensional core–shell cellulose-akaganeite hybrid nanocrystals: synthesis, characterization, and magnetic field induced self-assembly
Authors: Mashkour Mahdi , Kimura Tsunehisa , Kimura Fumiko , Mashkour Mozhdeh , Tajvidi Mehdi
Published: September 2014

Magnetic field induced self-assembly of the synthesized one-dimensional core–shell cellulose-akaganeite hybrid nanocrystals (1D-CAHNCs).
Oxygen transport kinetics of the misfit layered oxide Ca3Co4O9+δ
Authors: Thoréton V. , Hu Y. , Pirovano C. , Capoen E. , Nuns N. , Mamede A. S. , Dezanneau G. , Yoo C. Y. , Bouwmeester H. J. M. , Vannier R. N.
Published: September 2014

Ca3Co4O9+δ exhibits fast oxygen exchange kinetics rendering it a promising electrode for application as an air electrode in solid oxide cells.
Retarding charge recombination in perovskite solar cells using ultrathin MgO-coated TiO2 nanoparticulate films
Authors: Han Gill Sang , Chung Hyun Suk , Kim Byeong Jo , Kim Dong Hoe , Lee Jin Wook , Swain Bhabani Sankar , Mahmood Khalid , Yoo Jin Sun , Park Nam-Gyu , Lee Jung Heon , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: September 2014

MgO ultrathin nanolayers are able to efficiently retard charge recombination in perovskite solar cells.
High-efficiency polymer–PbS hybrid solar cells via molecular engineering
Authors: Yuan Jianyu , Gallagher Aidan , Liu Zeke , Sun Yaxiang , Ma Wanli
Published: September 2014

We successfully designed a series of new polymers to further boost the efficiency of polymer–PbS QD hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells. We also systematically investigated the effect of polymer structures and quantum dot size on the device performance.