bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The history, current state and perspectives of aerosol therapy
Authors: ROSPOND BARTŁOMIEJ , KRAKOWSKA AGATA , MUSZYŃSKA BOŻENA , OPOKA WŁODZIMIERZ
Published: January 2022

Nebulization is a very effective method of drug administration. This technique has been popular since ancient times when inhalation of plants rich in tropane alkaloids with spasmolytic and analgesic effects was widely used. Undoubtedly, the invention of anasthesia in the 19th century had an influence on the development of this technique. It resulted in the search for devices that facilitated anasthesia such as pulveriser or hydronium. From the second half of the 21st century, when the first DPI and MDI inhalers were launched, the constant development of aerosol therapy has been noticed. This is due to the fact that nebulization, compared with other means of medicinal substance application (such as oral and intravenous routes of administration), is safer and it exhibits a positive dose/efficacy ratio connected to the reduction of the dose. It enables drugs administration through the lung and possesses very fast onset action. Therefore, various drugs prescribed in respiratory diseases (such as corticosteroids, β-agonists, anticholinergics) are present on the market in a form of an aerosol.
Promising inhibitors against main protease of SARS CoV-2 from medicinal plants: In silico identification
Authors: EBENEZER OLUWAKEMI , SHAPI MICHAEL
Published: January 2022

Some compounds reported as active against SARS CoV were selected, and docking studies were performed using the main protease of SARS CoV-2 as the receptor. The docked complex analysis shows that the ligands selectively bind with the target residues and binding affinity of amentoflavone (–10.1 kcal mol–1), isotheaflavin-3’-gallate (–9.8 kcal mol–1), tomentin A and D (–8.0 and –8.8 kcal mol–1), theaflavin-3,3’-digallate (–8.6 kcal mol–1), papyriflavonol A (–8.4 kcal mol–1), iguesterin (–8.0 kcal mol–1) and savinin (–8.3 kcal mol–1) were ranked above the binding affinity of the reference, co-crystal ligand, ML188, a furan-2-carboxamide-based compound. To pinpoint the drug-like compound among the top-ranked compounds, the Lipinski’s rule of five and pharmacokinetic properties of all the selected compounds were evaluated. The results detailed that savinin exhibits high gastrointestinal absorption and can penetrate through the blood-brain barrier. Also, modifying these natural scaffolds with excellent binding affinity may lead to discovering of anti-SARS CoV agents with promising safety profiles.
Medicinal plants with anti-SARS-CoV activity repurposing for treatment of COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: EBENEZER OLUWAKEMI , BODEDE OLUSOLA , AWOLADE PAUL , JORDAAN MARYAM A. , OGUNSAKIN ROPO E. , SHAPI MICHAEL
Published: January 2022

The novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) has emerged as a significant threat to public health with startling drawbacks in all sectors globally. This study investigates the practicality of some medicinal plants for SARS-CoV-2 therapy using a systematic review and meta-analysis of their reported SARS-CoV-1 inhibitory potencies. Relevant data were systematically gathered from three databases, viz., Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus. The information obtained included botanical information, extraction method and extracts concentrations, as well as the proposed mechanisms. Fourteen articles describing 30 different plants met our eligibility criteria. Random effects model and subgroup analysis were applied to investigate heterogeneity. According to subgroup analysis, the substantial heterogeneity of the estimated mean based on the IC
50 values reporting the most potent anti-SARS-CoV 3C--like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors (10.07 %, p < 0.0001), was significantly higher compared to the most active anti-SARS-CoV papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitors (6.12 %, p < 0.0001). More importantly, the literature analysis revealed that fruit extracts of Rheum palmatum L. and the compound cryptotanshinone isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza (IC
50 = 0.8 ± 0.2 μmol L–1) were excellent candidates for anti--SARS-CoV targeting PLpro. Meanwhile, iguesterin (IC
50 = 2.6 ± 0.6 μmol L–1) isolated from the bark of Tripterygium regelii emerged as the most excellent candidate for anti-SARS--CoV targeting 3CLpro. The present systematic review and meta-analysis provide valuable and comprehensive information about potential medicinal plants for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition. The chemotypes identified herein can be adopted as a starting point for developing new drugs to contain the novel virus.
The effect of uncertainty on negative discounting
Authors: Palenik Marcin
Published: January 2022

The preference to receive benefits as early as possible and delay costs as much as possible is natural for people. That means a positive discount rate in the intertemporal choice, which is a common assumption in economics. However, as research in behavioral economics proves, in certain situations a negative discount rate occurs. The purpose of this paper is to show that the assumption of positive discounting is not always true. The presented experimental study shows how a decrease in probability increases the chances of negative discounting. According to the results, the expected large, uncertain profit is more likely to be deferred over time than a certain profit of the same value. On the other hand, the expected large, uncertain loss is more willingly experienced earlier than a certain loss of the same value. In both cases, it means an increase in the frequency of negative discounting due to increased uncertainty. The results of the study broaden the existing knowledge about the impact of probability on discounting in a situation of expected losses and the area of negative discounting.
Improving the Stability of the Directional Room G 31-33, Horizon 210 - East, Ocnele Mari-Coceneṣti Salt Mine, By Reinforcement with Anchors and Shotcrete
Authors: Marian Dacian-Paul , Onica Ilie
Published: January 2022

The rock salt deposit from Ocnele Mari - Coceneşti was mined by the method with rooms and small square pillars, at the levels + 226m and + 210m. Although the saline is not deep, certain instability phenomena (cracks, exfoliations) have occurred in the resistance structures (pillars, ceilings), especially in the G31-33 directional room, horizon 210E. These instability phenomena were also highlighted following the 3D finite element numerical modelling. In order to prevent the degradation of the mining excavations and the resistance structures, the affected surfaces were supported with anchors and reinforced shotcrete. The ceiling of the consolidated section of the G31-33 directional room, horizon 210E is monitored by the systematic measurement, on topographic landmarks mounted on the ceiling, of the vertical and horizontal displacements.
Simulation of the Vibrations Produced to the Human Body During Operation of the Bucket Wheel Excavators. A Case Study of ERc 1400-30/7 Type Excavator
Authors: Brînaş Ildiko
Published: January 2022

The paper deals with the analysis of the dynamic response over time of the excavator boom during operation. For a start, we determined the variation in time of the forces acting on the rotor shaft, due to the excavation. These forces have high values and a slow variation over time, which depends on the rotation speed of the bucket wheel and the number of buckets installed on it. A virtual model of the BWE boom was proposed, for which the dynamic response in time due to the excavation forces was determined, for a point in the main cabin of the BWE. A virtual sensor has been attached to this point corresponding to seat of the operator. The simulation of the dynamic response over time was performed taking into account a global damping of 2% of the critical damping. The simulation was performed both for the excavation of a homogeneous material and for the case of a shock (a sudden appearance of an inclusion of hard material during the cutting of the homogeneous material).
Romanian Carbonate Rocks Cuttability Assessment Using Linear Cutting Tester
Authors: Andraş Andrei , Popescu Florin Dumitru
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the state-of-the-art on the microwave assisted mechanical rock cutting by presenting actual findings and tendencies in the field in international literature, and the activities performed during the intermediate stage and the results obtained by the team from the University of Petroşani as partner within the ERAMIN-ERANET-MIWACUT research project.
Considerations Regarding the Closure of the Mines in Valea Jiului
Authors: Roman Liliana
Published: January 2022

The paper, starting from a series of general considerations regarding the closure of a mine, makes an analysis, according to the available data, of the manner some of the mines in the Valea Jiului were closed. It is specified that the relatively short time since the closure of the first mine in the Valea Jiului (30 years) did not allow to highlight any mistakes / errors of closure, which would have significant repercussions on the surface land and, in general, on the environment. However, more or less serious problems have already been reported, which arose after the closure of some mines, problems that appear in the last part of this paper.
Damage to black locust leaves (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) by the black locust gall midge (Obolodiplosis robiniae) (Haldeman, 1847) in the Włoszczowa-Jędrzejów Protected Landscape Area - research on strengthening and developing knowledge and awareness in environmental education
Authors: Bąk-Badowska Jolanta , Żeber-Dzikowska Ilona , Wodecka Barbara , Gietka Mariusz , Chmielewski Jarosław
Published: January 2022

The prepared article by the team of authors aims to show research in the field of strengthening and developing knowledge and awareness from environmental education in the community of nature conservation services and the academic community. This paper is the result of research conducted in 2014–2015, in the Włoszczowa-Jędrzejów Protected Landscape Area, in the Świętokrzyskie Province. The material for the study was acacia robinia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) leaves collected on two research areas, differentiated due to the influence of anthropogenic factors. As a result of the study, 5,000 black locust leaves were collected, 65% of which were found to be damaged. Research stands under the influence of strong anthropopressure were characterised by a higher number of lesions on leaves.
Is Smartphone Addiction in the Younger Population a Public Health Problem?
Authors: Loleska Sofija , Pop-Jordanova Nada
Published: January 2022

Problematic smartphone use and or addiction is defined as a form of behaviour characterized by the compulsive use of a smartphone that results in various forms of physical, psychological, or social harm. Global popularity in the area of the use of smartphones has raised concerns about the negative effects associated with problematic smartphone use, especially in the younger population.

Having no consensual definition of smartphone addiction (SA), this behavioural addiction is based on the classic addiction symptomology that was included in DSM-5 criteria for compulsive gambling and substance abuse (APA 2013)

This article provides a review of current research related to SA. Articles were found in the PUBMED database using related key words. Statistics confirm the exponential rise of this problem globally, especially in children and adolescents. Therefore, one must make this a high priority among public health issues.
Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis: Rate, Clinical Outcomes and Patient Survival
Authors: Dzekova-Vidimliski Pavlina , Nikolov Igor G. , Gjorgjievski Nikola , Selim Gjulsen , Trajceska Lada , Stojanoska Ana , Rambabova-Bushljetik Irena , Simeonov Risto , Stojkovski Ljupco
Published: January 2022

Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis remains the major complication and primary challenge to the long-term success of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The study aimed to analyze the peritonitis rate, the cause, the outcomes, and the association of peritonitis with the survival of patients on peritoneal dialysis. Patient data were collected retrospectively from medical charts. A total of 96 patients received peritoneal dialysis in the PD center from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2018. Episodes of peritonitis (n=159) were registered in 54 (56.3%) patients. The study population was divided into two groups, a group of patients (n=54) who experienced peritonitis and a group of patients free of peritonitis (n=42). The peritonitis rate was 0.47 episodes per patient year. The majority of causative microorganisms were gram-positive bacteria (53.5%). Outcomes of the episodes of peritonitis were resolved infection in 84.9% of episodes, catheter removal in 11.3% of episodes, and death in 3.8% of the episodes of peritonitis. A Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test revealed that the group with peritonitis tended to survive significantly longer than the peritonitis-free group. A 67% reduction rate in the risk of patient mortality was observed for the peritonitis group compared with the peritonitis-free group (hazard ratio: 0.33, 95% CI 0.19-0.57, P=0.000). The prevention and management of PD-related infections, resulted in their worldwide reduction, supporting the use of PD as a first-line dialysis modality.
Epinephrine and Dexamethasone as Adjuvants in Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Mikjunovikj-Derebanova Ljubica , Kartalov Andrijan , Kuzmanovska Biljana , Donev Ljupcho , Lleshi Albert , Toleska Marija , Dimitrovski Aleksandar , Demjanski Vasko
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Regional anesthesia in children in recent years has been accepted worldwide. The increased interest in it is partly due to the use of ultrasonography which provides confidence and accuracy to the anesthesiologic team. Adjuvants are used to extend the duration of the sensory and motor blocking, limiting the cumulative dose of local anesthetics. The use of adjuvants in peripheral nerve blocks in the pediatric population is still under research.

Aim: To observe the effect of epinephrine and dexamethasone as adjuvants to local anesthetics in peripheral upper extremity nerve blocks in pediatric patients.

Materials and methods: The study included 63 patients, aged group 4-14 years, admitted to the University Clinic of Pediatric Surgery for surgical treatment of upper limb fractures in the period of January 2020 until March 2021. Patients were randomized into three groups, and all patients in the groups received analgo-sedation prior to peripheral nerve block. Patients in group 1 (21 patients) received supraclavicular, or interscalene block with 2 ml lidocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.25% (max 2mg/kg) with a total volume of 0.5ml/kg. In group 2, the patients (21) received 25 μg of epinephrine in 2 ml of 2% solution of lidocaine and 0.25% bupivacaine (max 2 mg/kg) with a total volume of 0.5 ml/kg, and in group 3, the patients (21) received 2% lidocaine 2ml and 0.25% bupivacaine (max 2mg/kg) in combination with 2mg dexamethasone with a total volume of 0.5ml/kg.

Results: Results showed that in patients in group 1, the average duration of the sensory block was 7 hours, while the duration of the motor block was 5 hours and 30 minutes. In group 2 (epinephrine), the durations of both sensory and motor block were prolonged for about 30 minutes on average compared to the first group. In group 3 (dexamethasone) the duration of the sensory and motor block was significantly longer compared with the first two groups (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: Epinephrine and dexamethasone prolong the duration of action of local anesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks of the upper extremity in pediatric patients and thus reduce the need for analgesics in the postoperative period.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Risteska Nada , Poposki Bojan , Ivanovski Kiro , Dirjanska Katarina , Ristoska Stevica , Saveski Mirko
Published: January 2022

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to determine the values of salivary enzyme biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase – ALP, aspartate aminotransferase – AST and lactate dehydrogenase – LDH) in subjects with healthy and diseased periodontium and to investigate the possibility of using these salivary enzymes as diagnostic and prognostic markers.

Methods: We collected saliva with the spitting method from all examinees in the morning, using the recommendations provided by Navazesh. The values of the enzymes in saliva were determined spectro-photometrically, with the following methods: ALP-IFCC, AST-IFCC, LDH-PYRUVATE. IGI Silness-Löe was used to determine the presence of gingival inflammation, and to determine the presence of clinically manifest periodontitis, we determined the clinical loss of periodontal attachment with a graduated periodontal probe. For statistical purposes, we used the method of ANOVA Chi Square and Student’s t-test.

Results: The difference in the average salivary AST and LDH values between the first and the second group, as well between the first and third group is statistically significant (p < 0.000). The difference in the average salivary AST and LDH values between the examinees with gingivitis and the examinees with clinically manifest periodontal disease is statistically insignificant (p < 0.485101 for AST, p < 0.816665 for LDH). The difference in the average salivary levels of ALP between the three groups is statistically significant (p < 0.000).

Conclusion: The salivary levels of AST, LDH, and ALP can be used as diagnostic markers, while ALP can also be used as a prognostic marker for periodontal disease.
Causes of Failures in Circular Concrete Silo Walls, Particularly Under Environmental Influences
Authors: Bilčík Juraj , Šoltész Július , Leppakorpi Matiašková Lýdia , Gajdošová Katarína
Published: January 2022

The paper reports the results of a case study for achieving longer service life and increasing the environmental sustainability of concrete silos. Damage mechanisms in concrete silo walls, and respectively in cylindrical structures (e.g., chimneys, cooling towers, and tanks), are widely diverse. The common causes of failures include those due to poor design considerations, construction deficiencies, non-compliance with operational rules and regulations, lack of maintenance, and insufficient and/or corroded reinforcements, together with the environmental conditions affecting the walls. In addition to the ultimate limit state design, temperature-induced cracking may often be underestimated in the design of reinforced concrete silos, leading to premature deterioration and losses in serviceability. Cracks from environmental or service conditions facilitate the ingress of moisture and corrosive agents. Therefore, there is an increased interest in reducing the appearance of cracks and limiting their width. The aim of this paper is to highlight the synergistic effects in the design, construction, and operation of silo walls, particularly under varying environmental influences. The research undertaken indicates that systematic errors can be identified and corrected.
Risk Assessment Model Based on Fuzzy Logic for Residential Buildings
Authors: Hedaoo Namdeo , Pawar Amey
Published: January 2022

Risk is involved in every construction project. Residential building construction projects comprise a variety of risks and are more likely to be affected due to their difficulty and many operations and threats. The study aims to identify the various risk elements and their effect on construction projects of residential buildings using a fuzzy approach with the help of MATLAB software. This study includes 60 risk factors recognised through an expert opinion and literature review. These factors are categorised into 7 major groups, i.e., construction, project manager, architect/consultant, contractor, owner, resources, and external environment-specific risk factors. A questionnaire was prepared and sent using emails based on the identified risk factors to be filled out by construction industry professionals in India and by conducting in-person interviews. Based on the risk severities obtained from the fuzzy model, the top 10 risk factors have been considered. As a result, for identified top severe risk factors, a significant risk response strategy was implemented.
Detection of Changes in the Hydrological Balance in Seven River Basins Along the Western Carpathians in Slovakia
Authors: Anita KeszeliovÁ , Kamila HlavČovÁ , Michaela DanÁČovÁ , Zuzana DanÁČovÁ , Ján Szolgay
Published: January 2022

Due to a changing climate, likely changes to a hydrological regime are one of the primary sources of uncertainty to consider in managing water resources. In Slovakia, a decline in the country’s water resources, combined with a change in the seasonality of runoff and an increase in the extremeness of floods and droughts, represents a potential threat. The objective of the paper was to explore trends in the components of the long-term hydrological balance of various river basins to detect the impacts of changing climate conditions along the Western Carpathians. The proposed method is a comparative exploratory analysis of the hydrological balance of the selected river basins. Temporal changes in the catchments’ average air temperatures, precipitation, runoff, and their differences (considered as an index of the actual evapotranspiration), were estimated for 49 years of data; two non-overlapping sub-periods (25 and 24 years) in the seven river basins were also compared. This work also aims at evaluating the applicability of gridded inputs from the CarpatClim database for modelling the hydrological balance over an extended period. The results document the impact of the rising air temperature and, in part, local physiographic factors on the changes in runoff and actual catchment evapotranspiration.
The Family of Central Cantor Sets with Packing Dimension Zero
Authors: Nowakowski Piotr
Published: January 2022

As in the recent article of M. Balcerzak, T. Filipczak and P. Nowakowski, we identify the family CS of central Cantor subsets of [0, 1] with the Polish space X : = (0, 1)ℕ equipped with the probability product measure µ. We investigate the size of the family P
0 of sets in CS with packing dimension zero. We show that P
0 is meager and of µ measure zero while it is treated as the corresponding subset of X. We also check possible inclusions between P
0 and other subfamilies CS consisting of small sets.
On O’Malley Porouscontinuous Functions
Authors: Domnik Irena , Kowalczyk Stanisław , Turowska Małgorzata
Published: January 2022

In 2014, J. Borsík and J. Holos defined porouscontinuous functions. Using the notion of density in O’Malley sense, we introduce new definitions of porouscontinuity, namely MOr
and SOr
-continuity. Some relevant properties of these classes of functions are discussed.
Generalized Densities on ℝ
n
and their Applications
Authors: Filipczak Małgorzata , Terepeta Małgorzata
Published: January 2022

We examine some generalized densities (called (ψ, n)-densities) obtained as a result of strengthening the Lebesgue Density Theorem. It turns out that these notions are the generalizations of superdensity, enhanced density and m-density, and have some applications in the theory of sets of finite perimeter and in Sobolev spaces.
A Fixed Point Approach to the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias Stability Problem of Pexiderized Functional Equation in Modular Spaces
Authors: Saha Parbati , Mondal Pratap , Chqudhury Binayak S.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we consider pexiderized functional equations for studying their Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability. This stability has been studied for a variety of mathematical structures. Our framework of discussion is a modular space. We adopt a fixed-point approach to the problem in which we use a generalized contraction mapping principle in modular spaces. The result is illustrated with an example.
A Certain Subclass of Analytic Functions with Negative Coefficients Defined by Gegenbauer Polynomials
Authors: Venkateswarlu Bolineni , Reddy Pinninti Thirupathi , Sridevi Settipalli , Sujatha Vaishnavy
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we introduce a new subclass of analytic functions with negative coefficients defined by Gegenbauer polynomials. We obtain coefficient bounds, growth and distortion properties, extreme points and radii of starlikeness, convexity and close-to-convexity for functions belonging to the class

T

S
λ
m

(
γ
,
e
,
k
,
v
)

TS_\lambda ^m(\gamma ,e,k,v)

. Furthermore, we obtained the Fekete-Szego problem for this class.
Super and Hyper Products of Super Relations
Authors: Száz Árpád
Published: January 2022

If R is a relation on X to Y, U is a relation on P (X) to Y, and V is a relation on P (X) to P (Y), then we say that R is an ordinary relation, U is a super relation, and V is a hyper relation on X to Y.

Motivated by an ingenious idea of Emilia Przemska on a unified treatment of open- and closed-like sets, we shall introduce and investigate here four reasonable notions of product relations for super relations.

In particular, for any two super relations U and V on X, we define two super relations U * V and U * V, and two hyper relations U ★ V and U * V on X such that :

(
U
*
V
)
(
A
)
=
(
A
∪
U
(
A
)
)
∩
V
(
A
)
,

(
U
*
V
)
(
A
)
=
(
A
∩
U
(
A
)
)
∪
U
(
A
)

\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}
{(U*V)(A) = (A\mathop \cup \nolimits^ U(A))\mathop \cap \nolimits^ V(A),}\\
{(U*V)(A) = (A\mathop \cap \nolimits^ U(A))\mathop \cup \nolimits^ U(A)}
\end{array}

and

(
U
★
V
)
(
A
)
=
{
B
⊆
X
:
 
(
U
*
V
)
(
A
)
⊆
B
⊆
(
U
*
V
)
(
A
)
}
,

(
U
*
V
)
(
A
)
=
{
B
⊆
X
:
 
(
U
∩
V
)
(
A
)
⊆
B
⊆
(
U
∪
V
)
(
A
)
}

\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}
{(UV)(A) = \{ B \subseteq X:\,(U*V)(A) \subseteq B \subseteq (U*V)(A)\} ,}\\
{(U*V)(A) = \{ B \subseteq X:\,(U\mathop \cap \nolimits^ V)(A) \subseteq B \subseteq (U\mathop \cup \nolimits^ V)(A)\} }
\end{array}

for all A ⊆ X.

By using the distributivity of the operation ∩ over ∪, we can at once see that U * V ⊆ U * V. Moreover, if U ⊆ V, then we can also see that U * V = U * V. The most simple case is when U is an interior relation on X and V is the associated closure relation defined such that V (A) = U (Ac
)
c
for all A ⊆ X.
Hahn-Banach-Type Theorems and Subdifferentials for Invariant and Equivariant Order Continuous Vector Lattice-Valued Operators with Applications to Optimization
Authors: Boccuto Antonio
Published: January 2022

We give some versions of Hahn-Banach, sandwich, duality, Moreau--Rockafellar-type theorems, optimality conditions and a formula for the subdifferential of composite functions for order continuous vector lattice-valued operators, invariant or equivariant with respect to a fixed group G of homomorphisms. As applications to optimization problems with both convex and linear constraints, we present some Farkas and Kuhn-Tucker-type results.
On Functions Preserving Products of Certain Classes of Semimetric Spaces
Authors: Lichman Mateusz , Nowakowski Piotr , Tcroboś Filip
Published: January 2022

In the paper, we continue the research of Borsík and Doboš on functions which allow us to introduce a metric to the product of metric spaces. We extend their scope to a broader class of spaces which usually fail to satisfy the triangle inequality, albeit they tend to satisfy some weaker form of this axiom. In particular, we examine the behavior of functions preserving b-metric inequality. We provide analogues of the results of Borsík and Doboš adjusted to the new broader setting. The results we obtained are illustrated with multitude of examples. Furthermore, the connections of newly introduced families of functions with the ones already known from the literature are investigated.
Zoomorphic Motifs on the Ceramics from the Selitrennoe Settlement
Authors:   Mari State University, Lebedeva Diana V. , Evgeniy M. Pigarev ,   Mari State University, Mirsiyapov Ilnur Yu. ,   Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Halikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

During the archaeological study of the Selitremmoe settlement, a significant number of ceramic materials were discovered, among which a special category is represented by fragments of vessels with zoomorphic motifs. The discovered fragments belong to local and imported ceramics. For the first group, the largest category of finds is represented by fragments with ornithomorphic images, among which a duck, a goose, a heron, as well as one image of a hoofed animal were identified. For imported ceramics, the image of fish is characteristic. The published materials supplement the information about the material and artistic culture of the population of Saray al-Jedid city, its cultural and trade relations.
The Entry Into Jerusalem Archaeological Complex of Tsarevokokshaysk (17th - 19th Centuries)
Authors:   Mari State University, Vysotskaya Daria S. , Danilov Pavel S. ,   Mari State University, Sokolov Alexander V. ,   Mari State University
Published: January 2022

The article presents the historical and archaeological characteristics of the territory adjacent to the Entry into Jerusalem Church of the Tsarevokokshaysk. The substantiation is presented that in this part of the historical center of Yoshkar-Ola there is a complex of interrelated archaeological objects that existed here in the time interval from the first decades of the life of the Tsarev town on Kokshaga River to the beginning of the 20th century. The Entry into Jerusalem archaeological complex consists of a historical necropolis of the 17th – mid-18th century, foundation of the Entry into Jerusalem Church built in 1759, remnants of the Rozhdestvenskaya Sloboda of the second half of the 18th – 19th centuries and structures belonging to the Bogoroditse–Sergievsky Monastery of the late 19th century. The authors use archival sources, which, when compared with the data on archaeological research, give an idea of the historical topography of this part of Tsarevokokshaysk in the 17th – 19th centuries.
Historical Necropolises of Tsarevokokshaysk According to Archaeological Data
Authors:   Mari State University, Danilov Pavel S. , Zeleneev Yuri A. ,   Mari State University
Published: January 2022

The article considers such type of archaeological monuments of Tsarevokokshaysk as historical necropolises. On the territory of the city, the Voskresenski, Entry into Jerusalem, Tikhvin and Troitski historical necropolises have been archaeologically studied. These archaeological sites cover the period from the foundation of the Tsarev town on Kokshaga River to the beginning of the 20th century and they are the burial place of both residents of the town and the surrounding villages. Brief information about historical necropolises, their localization, dating, a brief description of the main features of monuments, funeral rites and inventory are presented.
An Early Version of the Bulgarian Copper Dinars of the 13th Century
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Bugarchev Alexey I.
Published: January 2022

The author considers copper coins of the so-called “archaic” type minted in Bulgar. According to the author, they were issued in the mid – late 1230s. The main feature of these coins is a kind of legend handwriting and great weight. The work is the Corpus – the publication of all copies of the “archaic” dinars known to date. In addition to weight and diameter, the article provides photo images of most of the coins presented in the table. Materials are presented from the funds of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan, State Historical Museum (Moscow), ZENO database. Coins from the Bolgar State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve are first presented. After analyzing the weight histogram compiled from materials of weight 84 dinars, the author calculates the average weight – 6.01 g. Later, in the 1240s, copper coins with a weight of 3.1–3.3 g began to be issued in the Bulgar region. The article also provides rare versions of heavy-weight dinars minted, according to the author, immediately after the “archaic” type.
Muslim Tombstones of Kamak (Turkestan Region) as a Historical and Archaeological Source
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Baigunakov Dosbol S. , Sabdenova Gulmira E. ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: January 2022

In 2013, an archaeological and ethnographic expedition of the Scientific Research Institute of Culture LLP explored the southern regions of Kazakhstan. The main priority was given to field research on the issues of archaeology, ethnography, culture and art of nomads. In the village of Karnak, Turkestan Region, unique tombstones were discovered, which are an integral component of the moral foundations of Muslim culture. Karnak necropolis is located in the northern part of the village of the same name and covers more than 3 hectares of area, the main part of which is occupied by modern memorial complexes of the 20th century. The researchers' interest was aroused by a part of the Karnak cemetery, where monuments of funerary and cult architecture of the late Middle Ages and modern times were located. The novelty of this study is associated with an attempt to clarify a number of provisions in the study of the funeral and cult architecture of South Kazakhstan. Many people believe that traditional burial and cult architecture has survived only in the western regions of the republic. Nevertheless, the Karnak memorial complex studied for the first time and the materials contained in it prove that an attempt to reconstruct the history of the tombstones, identify its origins, the factors that caused the formation of various attributes are still far from being solved. The study of burial and cult architecture in the context of Muslim archaeology makes it possible to solve a number of issues in the humanities dedicated to the memorial complex and folk craft, including the stone-cutting art of the southern regions of Kazakhstan.
Gordinsky Stone of 1323: New Details
Authors: Ostanina Taisiya I.
Published: January 2022

The study of the Gordinsky stone (grave slab) discovered by A. P. Smirnov in 1930 in Gordino village of Balezinsky District in Votyak Autonomous Oblast (presently the Udmurt Republic) is represented in the paper. The stone was regarded by scientists as the most northeastern Bolgar epigraphic monument (Ali Rahim, G. V. Yusupov, D. G. Mukhametshin, D. S. Khakimzyanov) and dated by researchers back to 1323. As a monument of archaeology, the stone was studied by local historians and archaeologists (N. G. Pervukhin, P. M. Sorokin, V. F. Gening, A. G. Ivanov, and others), and as a sacral monument of the population of Gordino village and the Tatars of the Cheptsa river basin, it was studied by ethnographers (E. V. Popova). The paper features the history of the slab’s appearance in the archaeological fund of the National Museum of the Udmurt Republic named after Kuzebay Gerd. In recent years, new material has appeared (Gordinsky II burial ground was discovered, and another fragment of the slab was found). The grave slab of the early 14th century was located on a mountain near the Gordinsky I (Guryakar) hillfort (9th – 13th centuries) where a cemetery was arranged by the first Besermyan settlers (17th – 18th centuries). The Tatars who arrived in the Besermyan village in the second half of the 19th century (possibly the Besermyans who adopted Islam) according to the Muslim tradition, proclaimed the location of the grave slab as the grave of a “saint”. The discovered fragment made it possible to clarify the text of the epitaph (add the “testimony of faith” text). A tamga mark of the slab’s manufacturer was found on the back of the fragment. The grave slab from Gordino village belongs to the Bolgar school of stone carving which has its territorial originality (the northeastern version of the gravestone steles). The paper features an attempt of its reconstruction.
Archaeoichthyological Research of Settlements of the Golden Horde Period of the Saratov Volga Region
Authors:   The Institute of Problems in Ecology and Mineral Wealth, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Shaymuratova Dilyara N. , Askeyev Igor V. ,   The Institute of Problems in Ecology and Mineral Wealth, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Nedashkovsky Leonard F. ,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Published: January 2022

The article presents a study of fish remains from the Bagaevka settlement with the involvement of the results of identifications of fish remains from other settlements in the region of the Golden Horde city Ukek, functioning in the second half of the 13th – 14th century. The purpose of the work was a comprehensive analysis of the remains of fishes from the Bagaevka settlement, as a large Golden Horde rural settlement of Ukek region, including species, quantitative, dimensional and age composition of the fishes on the basis of the archaeoichthyological collection and interpretation of the obtained results taking into account archaeological data. The 19 species of fishes were determined from bone remains and scales, the main species of which were large-sized: Russian sturgeon, Beluga, Starred sturgeon, Catfish and Zander. The predominance of large-sized species indicates that fishing was carried out on the Volga. The identified dimensional-species composition of fishes (large species with a large body weight), as well as the discovered fishing equipment, directly indicate the presence of collective fishing of the inhabitants of the Bagaevka settlement. Cutting and processing of all incoming fish was carried out on the territory of the settlement. Fishing in this settlement, as well as throughout the Saratov Volga region, has already acquired the features of a specialized subsidiary farming.
Soil Pollen Indicators of Historical Arable Horizons from the Zvenigorod Biological Station of the Moscow State University
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bakumenko Varvara O. , Ershova Ekaterina G. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Published: January 2022

In this work we present the results of spore and pollen analysis of forest soils from the Zvenigorod biological station of Moscow State University (Moscow Region, Russia). A comparative analysis of forest soils formed on the site of historical fields of the XVIII–XIX centuries and beyond showed that a specific complex of pollen and spores remains in the residual arable horizons, characteristic only of soils that have passed through the stages of plowing and fallow. It includes pollen from cultivated cereals and arable weeds (buckwheat, cornflower blue), spores of the mace-shaped plaunus (Lycopodium clavatum), as well as spores of the mosses Riccia glauca and Anthoceros spp. The latter are exclusive indicators of fallows, since they are practically not found in other habitats. The identified pollen indicators can be used in landscape and archaeological research to interpret the data of spore-pollen analysis of cultural layers, buried soils, gully-ravine sediments. They can also be used to define the boundaries of ancient fields under modern vegetation.
Building Ceramics of the Ancient Settlement of Akchakhan-Kala
Authors:   Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanititarian Sciences of the Karakalpak branch of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Toreniyazov Azizkhan Zh.
Published: January 2022

The Akshakhan-kala is located on the right bank of the Amu Darya, in the Biruni district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Over the years of archaeological study of the site, a large ceramic material was collected, dating back to the 3rd cent. BCE - 5th cent. AC. In the archaeological collection of the site, a group of finds is distinguished, attributed to the category of building ceramics. The article is devoted to the analysis of this collection and an attempt to determine the field of application of certain types of building ceramics. Among the building ceramics of the Akshakhan settlement stand out spillway pipes and ceramic tiles. The use of fragments of ceramic vessels in the construction was also recorded. The obtained analysis results suggest that in ancient Khwarezm, ceramic building materials were used to solve such problems as protecting structures from atmospheric precipitation, improving settlements and increasing the strength of adobe structures.
Landscapes of Smolensk Oblast as a Consequence of Ancient Anthropogenic Activity: Paleoecological Study of Radomsky Mokh Swamp
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lavrenov Nikita G. ,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Ershova Ekaterina G. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Krenke Nikolay A. ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhuravkova Margarita M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: January 2022

The results of a paleoecological study of a peat deposit in Radomsky Mokh area (Smolensk Oblast, Krasninsky District) made it possible to reconstruct the history of the region's landscapes over the last 4 thousand years and identify its 4 contrasting periods. The reservoir was a lake at first, after which the pollen spectrum is dominated by pollen from native tree species. After a series of fires on the boundary of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (3173–2969 14C calendar years ago) (2σ, 99.7%)) a forested mesotrophic swamp formed at the site of the lake, and pollen from pioneer trees with an admixture of alder started to dominate the pollen spectrum. At the third stage, the swamp became mesotrophic, and the landscapes around it become open, which is evidenced by an increase in the proportion of grasses and anthropogenic indicators in the pollen spectrum. The same period is marked with the appearance of pollen of cultivated grasses (2992–2912 simulated years ago), which coincides with the distribution of the monuments of the Dnieper-Dvinian culture in the study area. At the last stage, the swamp became oligotrophic, and a stable curve of cultivated grasses appeared (mid-1st Millennium AD), indicating the spread of agriculture in the study area. The absence of known archaeological sites in an 8-kilometer radius around Radomsky Mokh most likely indicates an insufficient archaeological study level of the area, whereas the economic development of the vicinity of the tract started at the boundary of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages.
Archaeological Research in the Seltpennoe Settlement 2019-2020
Authors:   Mari State University, Pigarev Evgeniy M.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the results of archaeological research in 2019-2020, conducted on the territory of the village of Selitpennoe in the Astrakhan Region, which overlaps the cultural layer of the Selitrennoe settlement. The characteristic of excavations and pits with the most expressive finds is given. The distribution of archaeological material and numismatic finds in chronological and topographical aspects is analyzed. Two previously unknown urban necropolises and a pottery workshop discovered in the course of research are localized. The dynamics of changes in the area of the medieval city in the 14th -15th centuries is presented. The analysis of the coin case shows the predominance of coins of the 1330s-1350s and the products of the Sarai al-Jedid mint. It is proved by archaeological methods that there is no cultural layer of the 13th century under the modern village. As a result of the materials obtained, the Selitrennoe settlement is identified by the author with the capital of the Ulus of Jochi, the city of Saray al-Jedid.
Fortification of the Bolgar Citadel
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Koval Vladimir Yu. , Badeev Denis Yu. ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the problematic issues of tracing and dating the fortifications of the city of Bolgar in pre-Mongol times (from the end of the 9th to the beginning of the 13th centuries). On the basis of topographic referencing of the excavations, in which the filled ditches were discovered, all the data available on the placement of the defense lines of the early Bolgar are systematized. There is not enough data to exactly date them, therefore, the sequence of appearance of these lines is not obvious. The ditches indicate that there were ramparts next to them, the earth of which was used for the subsequent filling of ditches. Interesting tracks, on which, immediately after filling the earlier ditch, a new one was pulled out, with an indent to the outside. The task of new studies of the early fortifications of Bolgar will be to clarify the dates of their creation and spatial distribution.
Ab initio Study of the Electronic and Optical Properties of Stable Boron Sheet
Authors: Ali Aqeel M. , Al-Mowali Ali H.
Published: January 2022

Utilizing first principles calculations within PW91 exchange-correlation method, we investigated a boron sheet that exhibits related electronic properties. The 2-dimensional boron sheet is flattened and has an atomic structure where the pair cores of every three ordered hexagons within the hexagonal network are loaded up by extra atoms, which saves the triangular lattice symmetry. The boron sheet takes possession of intrinsic metal properties and the electronic bands are comparable to the  bands of the graphene that are close to the Fermi level. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function show a metallic or semiconductor behaviour, depending on the electric field direction.
The role of international organizations, transnational governance, metrics and indicators of the quality of government activity within the framework of global governance
Authors: Brambila Martinez Francisco Javier
Published: January 2022

This article examines the current role and mechanisms of international organizations in assessment of the quality of global governance. The subject of this research is the assessment and indicators of state participation in the development and implementation of transnational governance. The goal lies in the analysis of the concept of governance through the prism of the Fukuyama-Manning theory. Globalization is viewed in the economic and political dimension to determine the need for creating the transnational administrative framework. The results of global governance in the form of assessment and indicators of the quality of state administration are explored in the context of correlations between the production and demand of political indicators, their nature and practical advantages. The author analyzes the existing hypothesis on the role of international organizations within the system of global governance to outline the prospects for transnational governance. The detailed theoretical and practical approach towards assessment and metrics of state administration is realized via qualitative analysis for determining the prospects for the standardized system. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the equal importance of governance, globalization, and state policy for achieving the functional structure of global governance. This article represents the conceptual framework for the study and development of the systems for evaluation of the government performance to ensure successful intergovernmental cooperation in the globalization era.
Quranic motifs in the Kumyk religious literature
Authors: Akamov Abusup'yan Tatarkhanovich , Bekeeva Aigul' Muratovna
Published: January 2022

The object of this research is the Kumyk medieval literature, dominated by thee ideas of enlightenment and religious unity. As a result of adoption of Islam by the peoples of Dagestan, including Kumyks, their written literature grounded on Quran, acquires a pronounced Muslim character. The Kumyk religious literature existed in the forms of sermons, cogitations, philosophizing and homilies, commonly known as “turki”. The concept of “turki”, which encompasses numerous religious poems of various contents and forms, represents a uniform system of genres, namely religious poetry. It is determined that alongside consolidation of the position of Islam in Dagestan in the XVI century, the religious themes become increasingly popular in the literary works of Kumyk poets and theologians. The authors examine  the Quranic motifs in the Kumyk religious literature  on the example of the collection “Majmu ul-Manzumat al-Ajamiyya”. Eschatological motifs in the aforementioned work can be divided into two parts: edifying that provide moral and ethical instructions, and descriptive that depict perturbations that await people for non-compliance with such instructions.  