bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تأثير تمرينات خاصة بنظام الطاقة اللاهوائي لوظيفة القلب للاعبي أكاديمية الكأس بكره القدم بأعمار 12-14 سنة
Authors: شعيب جمال محمد , ناجي عمر سعد
Published: January 2025

تم التطرق الى تأثير التمرينات وسبل تطويرها وفق نظام الطاقة اللاهوائي من هنا تكمن أهمية البحث عن طريق إعداد تمرينات خاصة مبنية على الأسس العلمية الدقيقة على وفق نظام الطاقة اللاهوائي، وتطرق الباحثين الى صلب المشكلة التي تتركز على متابعة الباحثين لكثير من اللاعبين لفرق كرة القدم وبالأخص الناشئين أثناء التدريب والمباريات يتعرضون لحالات التعب وعدم تقديم المستوى الفني المطلوب، من خلال إعداد تمرينات خاصة مبنية على الأسس العلمية الدقيقة، وفق أنظمة الطاقة من أجل رفع مستوى المؤشرات الوظيفية للقلب، أما أهم أهداف البحث: التعرف على تأثير التمرينات الخاصة وفق نظام الطاقة اللاهوائي في والكفاءة الوظيفية للقلب لأفراد عينة البحث، أما أهم فروض البحث: هناك فروق ذات دلالة معنوية بين الاختبارات البعدية والكفاءة الوظيفية للقلب للمجموعتين الضابطة والتجريبية ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية، أما مجالات البحث: المجال البشري: لاعبي أكاديمية الكأس للألعاب الرياضية الناشئين وبواقع (20)لاعب، المجال الزماني: الفترة من28/9/2023 ولغاية 18/7/2024، المجال المكاني: مركز الموهبة الرياضية في محافظة ديالى/بعقوبة، إذاستخدم الباحثين المنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعتين المتكافئتين لملائمته لطبيعة المشكلة المراد حلها، اختيار العينة بالطريقة العمدية من لاعبي كرة القدم لأكاديمية الكأس للألعاب الرياضية في محافظة ديالى وبواقع (20) لاعب من مجموع (32)، موزعين على مجموعتين (10) لاعب للمجموعة التجريبية و (10) لاعب للمجموعة الضابطة, إذا جريت التجربة الاستطلاعية والاختبار القبلي ،وتطبيق الاختبار البعدي فضلا عن ذلك تم عرض نتائج الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية للمجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة وتحليلها, فضلا عن مناقشة تلك النتائج التي تم التوصل من خلالها الى تحقيق أهداف البحث، أما النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحثين كان متناسبا مع قدرات المتعلمين وتفوق المجموعة التجريبية على المجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار البعدي، أما الاستنتاجات تبينان للتمرينات الخاصة وفق نظام الطاقة اللاهوائي المعدة من قبل الباحثين أثرت بشكل ايجابي .
التماسك الجماعي للفريق وعلاقته بدافعية الانجاز الرياضي لدى اللاعبين المحترفين لكرة القدم في المحافظات الشمالية الفلسطينية
Authors: عمر وائل محمد عادل إبراهيم , قدومي عبد الناصر عبد الرحيم , الأطرش محمود حسني
Published: January 2025

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى التماسك الجماعي للفريق وعلاقته بدافعية الإنجاز الرياضي لدى اللاعبين المحترفين لكرة القدم في المحافظات الشمالية الفلسطينية، فضلا عن تحديد التماسك الجماعي للفريق ودافعية الإنجاز الرياضي، وطبيعة العلاقة الارتباطية بينهما لدى اللاعبين المحترفين لكرة القدم في المحافظات الشمالية الفلسطينية. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، أجريت الدراسة على عينة عشوائية قوامها (280) لاعبا من لاعبي كرة القدم في دوري المحترفين ودوري الاحتراف جزئي في المحافظات الشمالية الفلسطينية ، والتي تمثل ما نسبته (43,75%) من مجتمع الدراسة، ومن أجل جمع البيانات تم استخدام مقياس كارون وآخرون (Carron, etal, 1985) للتماسك الجماعي للفريق. ومقياس (WILLS) والذي عربه (علاوي، 1998) لقياس دافعية الانجاز، وتم تحليل البيانات ومعالجتها من خلال استخدام برنامج الرزم الإحصائية في العلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS)، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة ان الدرجة الكلية للتماسك الجماعي للفريق ولدافعية الإنجاز لدى اللاعبين المحترفين لكرة القدم في المحافظات الشمالية الفلسطينية كانت عالية، إذ كانت النسبة المئوية للاستجابة على التماسك الجماعي للفريق (82%) وعلى دافعية الإنجاز (85%)، وأن هناك علاقة ارتباطيه طردية دالة إحصائياً عند مستوى الدلالة (α ≤ 0.01) بين التماسك الجماعي للفريق ودافعية الإنجاز لدى اللاعبين المحترفين لكرة القدم في المحافظات الشمالية الفلسطينية، إذ كانت قيمة معامل الارتباط (89%). كما أوصى الباحثون بعدة توصيات أهمها: الاهتمام بالأعداد النفسي للاعبين على طول الموسم الرياضي بنفس درجة الاهتمام بالأعداد البدني والمهاري والخططي. وعلى كل نادي في دوري المحترفين ودوري الاحتراف جزئي الاستعانة بالأخصائي النفسي الرياضي . والاهتمام في العلاقات الاجتماعية بين اللاعبين خارج نطاق التدريب والمنافسة، وتوعية اللاعبين بضرورة الوصول الى درجة كبيرة من التماسك الجماعي للفريق للوصول الى مستوى الانجاز المطلوب.
تأثير تمرينات خاصة بأسلوب الهيبوكسيك في تطوير بعض المتغي ارت الفسيولوجية والمستوى الرقمي لسباحة ٥۰ متر فراشة فئة الشباب
Authors: احمد خلود عبد الوهاب
Published: January 2025

يحتوي علم التدريب الرياضي على العدید من الفروع التي حاول الباحث كشف حقائقها بما يخدم المتدربين والوصول بهمإلى انجح الطرائق وأكثرها مالئمة لقابليتهم، فظهرت طرائق وأساليب جدیدة للتدريب الرياضي ومن هذە الطرائق طريقة التدريب بنقص األوكسجين (الهيبوكسيك-hypoxic (وقد ظهر االهتمام بأسلوب التدريب مع التحكم في التنفس (training hypoxic(، إذ عمد العدید من الباحثين والمتخصصين بد ارسة هذە الطريقة وخاصة في السباحة وألعاب القوى، إذ تعتمد هذە التدريبات على عدم استخدام النظاماألكسجينى بغرض تطوير مختلف الصفات الفسيولوجية لدى الالعبين مما یوضح أهمية مثل هذا النوع من التدريبات في االرتقاء بمستوى األداء الرياضي وعلى ذلك فقد وجد الباحث إن سباقات ٥۰ متر فراشة من سباقات المسافات القصيرة التي تعتمد على عامل السرعة وقدرة السباح على إنتاج الطاقة الالهوائية والتي هي متطلبات األداء في تلك السباقات، ويعد التدريب مع نقص األكسجين (الهيبوكسيك) من أهم األساليب التدريبية التي تستخدم لتحقيق هذا المتطلب .وهدف البحث الى: اعداد تمرينات باسلوب تدريب الهيبوكسيك لسباحي ٥۰ متر فراشة فئة الشباب، فضال عن التعر ف على تأثير تمرينات باسلوب التدريب الهيبوكسيك في تطوير بعض القدرات الفسيولوجية وسرعة االداء لسباحي ٥۰ متر فراشة. بينما فروض البحث كانت:هنالك فروق ذات داللة معنوية بين نتائج القياس القبلي والبعدي للمتغي ارت قيد الد ارسة لدى اف ارد المجموعة الضابطة ولصالح نتائجالقياس البعدي. و هنالك فروق ذات داللة معنوية بين نتائج القياس القبلي والبعدي للمتغي ارت قيد الد ارسة لدى اف ارد المجموعة التجريبية ولصالح نتائج القياس البعدي. هنالك فروق ذات داللة معنوية بين نتائج القياس البعدي للمتغي ارت قيد الد ارسة لدى اف ارد المجموعتين(الضابطة والتجريبية) ولصالح نتائج المجموعة التجريبية.واستخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي باستخدام المجموعات المتكافئة (لمجموعتين تجريبية وضابطة) لمالءمته لطبيعة البحث. إذ تم تحدید مجتمع البحث من سباحي ٥۰ متر فراشة المنتمين لنادي المسيب الرياضي للموسم .۲۰۱۹/۲۰۱۸ وتم اختيار عينة البحث بالطريقة العشوائية من إجمالي مجتمع البحث لشباب أعضاء فريق سباحة ٥۰ متر فراشة ومن اهم االستنتاجات التي خرج بها الباحث هي وجود فروق ذات دالة إحصائيا لصالح القياسات البعدية للمجموعة التجريبية في المتغي ارت الفسيولوجية قيد الد ارسة وزمن أداء سباحة ٥۰ متر فراشة
تأثير التدريبات البالستية في بعض المتغيرات البيوكينماتيكية والانجاز بفعالية ركض 800 متر
Authors: علي احمد فاضل , سلمان داؤد سليمان
Published: January 2025

تعد التدريبات البالستية من التدريبات الحديثة لألعاب القوى والغرض منها التغلــــــــب على نقص الســـــرعة الناتجة من التــــــــدريب التقليدي بألا ثقال، ويسمى أيـــــــضا تدريب المقاومة الباليستية وهو تمــــــرينات معينـــــة يشمل تدريبات (رفع أثقال خفيفة الوزن نسبيا وبسرعات عاليــــــة، جاكيت أثقال، كيتر أثقال وغيرها). يهدف البحث إعداد منهج تدريبيي بأسلوب التدريب الباليستي للتعرف على تأثير أسلوب التدريب الباليستي في بعض المتغيرات البدنية و البيوكينماتيكية وانجاز ركض 800 متر . اما فرضا البحث  فهناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصـــــائية بين نتائج الاختبارات القبلية  والبعدية لبعض المتغيرات البيوكينماتيكية والصفات البدنية والانجاز لإفراد عينة البحث ولصالح الاختبارات البعدية هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين نتائج الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية لبعض الصفات البدنية  والانجاز لإفراد عينة البحث والصالح الاختبارات البعديةواستخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي إذ يقوم على أساس التعامل المباشر والواقعي مع الظواهر المختلفة، ويقوم على ركيزتين أساسيتين هما الملاحظة والتجربة بأنواعها والذي يعد أنسب منهج يمكن اٌستخدامه لحل مشكلة البحث بأسلوب المجموعة الواحدة، أما مجتمع البحث فتمثل  من عدائي منتخب محافظة ميسان في ركض 800 متر، والبالغ عددهم (12) عداءً إذ اختيرت العينة بالطريقة العمدية من اللاعبين الشباب وكان عددهم (6) عداء من هذا المجتمع وقد بلغت النسبة المئوية لعينة البحث المختارة من مجتمع البحث الكلي (50%) . استخدم الباحث  برامجspss  والوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري ومعامل الاختلاف النسبي لغرض الحصول على النتائج الإحصائية، لذا ارتأى الباحثان دراسة هذه المشكلة من خلال إيجاد تمرينات بأسلوب الباليستي بشكل مقنن وباستخدام الوسائل العلمية والتي يمكن من خلالها تطــوير بعض المتغيرات البيوكينماتيكية والصفات البدنية  والانجاز لدى عدائي ركض 800 متر .من اجل الارتقاء بمستوى هذه الفعالية .
La place du para-dressage dans la recherche sur le handicap, les loisirs et les sports : une revue narrative de la littérature
Authors: Guittin Zinnia , Deneux-Le Barh Vanina , Porcher Jocelyne , Perez Sylvie
Published: January 2025

Le para-dressage est la seule discipline équestre présente aux Jeux Paralympiques. L’objectif de la présente revue de la littérature est de comprendre l’état actuel de la recherche sur la pratique du para-dressage, afin d’interroger la possibilité pour les Jeux Paralympiques de représenter une opportunité pour le développement de la pratique de l’équitation pour des personnes en situation de handicap. Il existe à ce jour très peu d’articles scientifiques autour de cette discipline sportive. Les articles retenus ici évoquent les bénéfices psycho-affectifs et sociaux de la pratique sportive du para-dressage, et notamment l’effet normalisant qu’elle permet. Pour les personnes nées avec leur incapacité tout comme pour les personnes accidentées, la pratique de l’équitation leur permet de nouer une relation forte avec le cheval et de se forger une identité centrée autour de l’animal et du sport, une identité de cavalier. En conclusion, la mise en visibilité du para-dressage aux Jeux Paralympiques peut mettre en lumière les nombreux bénéfices qu’elle apporte aux personnes ayant des incapacités, tout en montrant que la pratique de l’équitation adaptée nécessite peu d’ajustement par rapport à une pratique ordinaire. Les démarches de mise en visibilité doivent cependant être entamées bien en amont des Jeux.
L’évolution du mouvement parasportif français : les enjeux et les défis
Authors: Duquesne Valentine
Published: January 2025

Le mouvement parasportif français s’est construit de manière atypique, avec une structuration hybride entre le milieu sportif spécifique et le milieu sportif ordinaire ; structuration qui continue à évoluer. Outre les deux fédérations spécifiques, de plus en plus de fédérations ordinaires organisent la pratique parasportive. Ces transformations organisationnelles du parasport en France entraînent des évolutions institutionnelles, notamment concernant le Comité Paralympique et Sportif Français (CPSF). Ce dernier accompagne les fédérations spécifiques comme ordinaires ayant en charge l’organisation d’une ou plusieurs disciplines parasportives. Le CPSF met en place des actions transversales au sein du mouvement sportif et parasportif, de la société civile, associative, etc., afin de participer à l’amélioration de la pratique parasportive. Une autre finalité est aussi de faire évoluer le regard de la société sur le handicap. Les défis et les enjeux sont donc nombreux, et le CPSF s’appuiera sur tous les acteurs et évènements, dont les Jeux Paralympiques de Paris pour faire connaître le parasport.
ECOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DANUBE CRAYFISH PONTASTACUS LEPTODACTYLUS (ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1823) FROM THE MATURA RIVER (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Authors: Roljić Rajko , Šibarević Maja , Hadžiahmetović Jurida Elvira , Nikolić Vera
Published: January 2025

Danube crayfish, one of the native European crayfish species, is on decline in many parts of its range. The Sava River and its tributaries are under increased pressure from invasive crayfish spreading. Providing data on resident native crayfish species is thus of utmost importance for their better conservation and protection. The population of Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) from a small tributary of the Sava River, The Matura River, has been investigated from May to August 2021. Our research encompassed a sample of 54 adult P. leptodactylus specimens (31 males and 23 females). Crayfish were sampled, measured and released unharmed. A standardized set of 12 morphometric parameters as well as body weight were taken. Positive correlation was found between body length and weight (♂ R2=0.9111; ♀ R2=0.9116), body weight and claws length (♂ R2=0.8923; ♀ R2=0.9596), as well as carapace width and body length (♂ R2=0.9761; ♀ R2=0.8838). Pronounced sexual dimorphism regarding most of the measured parameters was confirmed. Fulton's condition factor and the Crayfish constant both indicate males are in better fitness, which is in line with the results of previous research in Europe. Apart from crayfish data, the main physical and chemical parameters of the habitat and present aquatic macroinvertebrates community were measured as complementary data. Moderate level of organic pollution is present, with N and P (nitrogen and phosphorus) being the main threats, mostly due to intensive agriculture in the area. The macroinvertebrates community consists of 14 identified taxa, with gastropods as the most diverse and abundant group (57%). Crustaceans (Amphipoda and Isopoda) are the subdominant group in terms of relative abundance (30%). The recorded macroinvertebrate community indicates moderate organic pollution, and it is quite typical for similar watercourses in the region.
IZVEŠTAVANJE O ADEKVATNOSTI BANKARSKOG KAPITALA – KONTEKST INTEGRACIONOG PROCESA
Authors: Todorović Brankica
Published: January 2025

Centralne banke primenju Bazel standarde koji su vezani za adekvatnost kapitala i zaštitne slojeve kapitala. U sklopu integracionog procesa Republike Srbije (RS), Klaster 2, Pregovaračko poglavlje 9: Finansijske usluge, sadrži analizu napretka i preporuke za unapređenje bankarskog sektora.U radu se analiziraju onlajn izvori: Izveštaji Evropske Komisije o napretku RS, pregovaračka pozicija Narodne banke Srbije (NBS) u poglavlju Finansijske usluge i Godišnji izveštaj NBS o stabilnosti finansijskog sistema.
VAŽNOST OBRAZOVANJA I OSPOSOBLJAVANJA LJUDSKIH POTENCIJALA
Authors: Mišetić Dragan
Published: January 2025

Danas je sve više poduzeća zainteresirano za nematerijalna ulaganja, te za ulaganje u ljudski kapital kao način stjecanja prednosti nad konkurencijom. Obuka i razvoj mogu pomoći konkurentnosti poduzeća izravno povećavaju vrijednost poduzeća doprinoseći nematerijalnim ulaganjima. Uloga i mjesto obuke i obrazovanja u poduzećima značajno su se mijenjali tijekom vremena s promjenama u tehnologiji, svijetu rada i okruženju poduzeća/organizacija. Obrazovanje i usavršavanje postaju važan instrument proaktivnog i prilagodljivog djelovanja poslovnih organizacija u odnosu na okolinu i nužno prerastaju u opću strategiju razvoja poduzeća. Cilj ovog rada je pokazati koliko je edukacija zaposlenika važna u upravljanju ljudskim potencijalima.
KRIMINOGENI FAKTORI MALOLJETNIČKE DELINKVENCIJE
Authors: Smolović Valentina
Published: January 2025

Mladi sve ranije ulaze u svijet maloljetničke delinkvencije i kriminala. Mnogi od njih su okruženi brojnim rizičnim faktorima koji utiču negativno na njihovu socijalizaciju. Kriminogeni faktori su svi oni činioci koji na bilo koji način utiču na pojavu i razvoj kriminaliteta. Oni predstavljaju skup činilaca psihološke, biološke i socijalne prirode, koji djeluju kao uzroci, uslovi i povodi za kriminalna djela, njihov međusobni odnos i uslovljenost. Postoji mnogo podjela, međutim najrasprostranjenija je podjela kriminogenih faktora na egzogeni i endogeni faktore. Zbog opsežnosti i velikog broja faktora mi ćemo se u ovom radu ograničiti samo na najbitnije spoljašnje kriminogene faktore ne želeći da umanjimo ulogu i značaj ostalih faktora.
Precision Agriculture Based on Machine Learning and Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Alshaya Shaya
Published: January 2025

In today's agricultural landscape, precision is crucial, utilizing advanced technologies like IoT, AI, aircraft, and satellite systems. Smart agriculture aims to revolutionize production by monitoring soil quality and employing data analytics through machine learning. This study enhances soil quality assessment in Saudi Arabia's Aljouf region using remote sensing technology. Leveraging UAVs, remote sensing provides crucial data and imagery for olive cultivation. Cloud platforms with satellite data offer invaluable information, aiding public and private decision-making. Proposing an AI-powered application combined with remote sensing, this paper develops predictive models for soil moisture and time-series satellite image analysis. Experimental results show a 91% accuracy with decision tree and extra trees regressor models, highlighting their effectiveness. This research transforms agricultural productivity through advanced technology and data-driven methodologies.
Defects in the Metal of Welded Joints of Collectors to Steam Generators in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Dimova Galya
Published: January 2025

This article presents a study of the metal of coolant collectors' welded joints to steam generators in nuclear power plants. During the operation of nuclear power plants of the VVER-1000 type, metal defects were found in the collectors' welds to the steam generator body. The general cause for the defects' occurrence and development is the combination of: 1) the influencing stresses, and 2) the corrosively aggressive working environment. The specific manifestation and development of defects differs across different NPPs. This study focuses on examining the on-site working conditions. It describes observations on the occurrence and development of defects in the metal of the welded joints and possible facility degradation scenarios. The resulting data come from actual observations spanning a 30-year-period. This information is important for the safe operation of steam generators in NPPs. The data can be used for probabilistic safety analyses at NPPs as well as for NPP lifetime extension.
Different immunological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients without vaccination in the acute and convalescence stages
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Xin , Yan Huimin , Dai Muwei , Gao Huixia , Wang Yuling , Jiang Ping , Dai Erhei
Published: January 2025

The immune status of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in different stages of infection remains difficult to determine. In this study, we performed high-throughput single-cell mass cytometry on peripheral blood samples from 10 COVID-19 patients and four healthy donors to analyze their immune status at acute and convalescence phases. During the acute stage, the proportion of neutrophils increased significantly while natural killer (NK) cells decreased. In contrast, during the convalescence phase, the proportion of plasma cells decreased from the acute stage of disease onset and was lower than normal. The proportions of B, mast and plasma cell subsets decreased significantly with the process of disease recovery. Further analysis of the subsets of major immune cell types in COVID-19 patients with different clinical presentations in different stages showed that in the acute stages of disease progression, the T helper cell 1 (Th1), IgD+ B and neutrophil subsets increased in COVID-19 patients, especially in symptomatic patients, while the central memory CD4+T cells (CD4 TCM), mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) and NK cell subsets decreased significantly, especially in symptomatic patients. Then CD4 TCM and MAIT returned to normal levels at the recovery phase. Dynamic assessment displayed that the immune imbalance at the onset of COVID-19 could be corrected during recovery. Our study provides additional information on the immune status of COVID-19 patients with different clinical manifestations in different stages. These findings may provide new insights into COVID-19 immunotherapy and immune intervention.
High speciation in the cryptic Pristimantis celator clade (Anura: Strabomantidae) of the Mira river basin, Ecuador-Colombia
Authors: Yánez-Muñoz Mario H. , Reyes-Puig Juan P. , Reyes-Puig Carolina , Lagla-Chimba Gabriela , Paucar-Veintimilla Christian , Urgiles-Merchán Miguel A. , Carrión-Olmedo Julio C.
Published: January 2025

Over the past decade, research in the montane forests of the Mira River basin, spanning Ecuador and Colombia, has identified it as crucial for the adaptive radiation of flora and fauna, shaped by its complex geological and climatic history. This study focuses on the phylogenetic and systematic revision of a frog clade initially labeled as Pristimantis verecundus, revealing significant cryptic diversity. Through detailed analyses of type material and expanded molecular sampling, we found that the original description actually included specimens representing two additional species, which are described herein. In this work, we discovered and formally described four new species within montane forests at elevations from 1,600 to 2,300 meters. Genetic distances of 3.34% to 14% and clear morphological differences underscore the clade’s hidden diversity. We propose renaming the group Pristimantis celator clade within Pristimantis myersi species group and subgenus Trachyphrynus, aligning with phylogenetic evidence and resolving taxonomic ambiguities using the oldest available name, Pristimantis celator (Lynch, 1976). This reclassification includes 14 species, seven formally described, and seven as candidates, distributed across northwestern Ecuador and southwestern Colombia, particularly in Mira and Esmeraldas River basins. The study highlights the Andean orogeny’s role in species diversification within Pristimantis celator clade, with geographic barriers like Cerro Golondrinas influencing genetic isolation. Genetic divergences exceeding 3.34% indicate evolutionary isolation across these landscapes. Our findings provide insights into montane ecosystem speciation, emphasizing vicariance, niche adaptation, and altitudinal gradients in shaping biodiversity. A polytomy among three well-supported clades within Pristimantis myersi species group is noted due to incomplete genetic data, yet distinctiveness and evolutionary relationships are affirmed. Cryptic diversity within Pristimantis celator clade links to unique orogenic and climatic conditions, highlighting conservation needs. Lastly, we provide a redescription of Pristimantis verecundus and species identification key to aid future research and conservation in this biogeographically influential region.
Design, Construction, and Evaluation of a Passive Solar Dryer for Sustainable Food Preservation
Authors: Koleleni Yusuf Ismail
Published: January 2025

Solar drying is a very old but continuously explored technology so that everyone can use to dry food products from meat, vegetables, cereals and the dairy products. However, over the time with increased pollution to both the air and water, the sun drying has been deteriorating. Solar drying provides a safe and reliable environment for the quality of the dried products and its preservative duration. This study, design and construction of the solar drier device has been done for the purpose of drying a variety of food products. The principle of the dryer allows lighter hot air to rises up the altitude and cool the surface. In the raising process warm air comes in contact with the food slices and draws the moisture from it. The repeated cycle of this process makes it a very healthy, low cost long-term drying mechanism. In the thermodynamics terms the sun’s power or heat is used to dry up the moisture content of the fruits or vegetables.  The construction materials were wood, polyurethane glass, mild steel metal sheet and the trays. The optimum temperature of the dryer was 750C with a corresponding ambient temperature of 280 C. The rapid rate of drying in the dryer reveals its ability to dry food items reasonably rapidly to a safe moisture. The capital cost involved in the construction of solar drier is much lower compared to that of a mechanical drier. Also from the test carried out, the simple and inexpensive solar drier was designed and constructed using locally sourced materials. The temperature inside the drier was found to be about three times than that of the outside atmospheric temperature. As per our experiment the maximum peak temperature inside the drying chambers was 750C during the mid-day (1.00pm) and an average of 570C in a fully sunny day (from 10:00am to 5:00pm). In seven (7) hours continuous drying in one full sunny day under the same climatic condition and in the same time the solar drier can remove maximum moisture contents from the food contents inside the drier for low moisture content food products. Experimental observation shows that the solar drier can be used as an alternative in case of food preservation and the efficiency is also acceptable. The people can make it on their homes especially in the developing countries where the energy demand is higher.
Long-term Organic and Inorganic Fertilization Affect Soil pH, Humus Carbon Fractions, and Crop Yield in Three Soil Types
Authors: Singbah Philip T , Huang Jing , Shen Zhe , Li Jiwen , Daba Nano Alemu , Tadesse Kiya Adare , Liu Lisheng , Zhang Huimin
Published: January 2025

Context: Soil acidification and humus carbon depletion pose significant challenges to agricultural sustainability. Organic and inorganic fertilization influence soil pH, humus carbon, and crop yield, yet the effects in different soil types remain inadequately understood.
Objective: This study aimed to (i) measure soil pH changes under different long-term organic and inorganic fertilization in granite, Quaternary red, and purple sandy shale soils, (ii) quantify humus carbon content and humification degree, and (iii) explore the implications for crop yield in these soils.
Methods: A field experiment was conducted in 2023 based on a long-term study established in 1982 at the National Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, south China. Six treatments were applied: CK-T (control with straw take away), CK-R (control with straw return), NPK-T (NPK with straw take away), NPK-R (NPK with straw return), OM-T (straw take away), and OM-R (straw return).
Results: Soil pH was highest under the OM-R treatment, while NPK-T and NPK-R significantly reduced pH in Quaternary red and granite soils compared to purple sandy shale soil. NPK-R and OM-R treatments significantly increased humus carbon fractions, humic acid carbon (HA-C), fulvic acid carbon (FA-C), and humin carbon (HU-C) in all three soils. The NPK-R treatment increased the soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) in granite soil than in Quaternary red and purple sandy shale soils. The average humic acid to fulvic acid ratio (HA:FA) across all treatments was 1.46, with the purple sandy shale soil exhibiting the highest humification degree (HA:FA 1.51), surpassing Quaternary red (HA:FA 1.49) and granite soils (HA:FA 1.38). NPK-R treatment produced the highest sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas 'Beauregard') yields in granite (25,000 kg ha⁻¹) and Quaternary red soils (24,012 kg ha⁻¹) and the highest broad bean (Vicia faba 'Aquadulce Claudia') yield (632.8 kg ha⁻¹) in purple sandy shale soil. Both crop yields were strongly correlated with soil pH, humus carbon fractions, SOC, TN, AP, AK, BD, and SWC.
Conclusion: Straw return stabilizes soil pH, whereas NPK fertilizer reduces soil pH. Straw application with NPK fertilizer increases humus carbon content, nutrient concentrations, and crop yield. These findings provide valuable insights into the synergistic effects of straw and mineral fertilizers on soil properties, contributing to crop yield improvement in different soil types.
Evaluation of the Foveal Avascular Zone in Highly Myopic Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Silva Paulo Armando Rosa Miranda da , Ferraz Rebeca Andrade , Maia Camilla Castilho , Coutinho Igor Jordan , Moraes Evelly Christinne da Silva , Rosa Alexandre Antonio Marques , Quaresma Maisa Cristina Auzier , Quaresma Martha Caroline Auzier , Lima Vitor Hugo Auzier
Published: January 2025

This research aimed to evaluate the relationship between the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and high myopia, exploring its prevalence, characteristics and clinical implications, in addition to investigating the association between the extent of the FAZ and the severity of myopia, as well as the effectiveness of available diagnostic and therapeutic methods. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out based on 12 studies published between 2018 and 2025, obtained results from large scientific databases, and data on the prevalence of the FAZ, its expansion proportional to the severity of myopia, and the application of technologies such as optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were analyzed. From this, the findings demonstrated that the FAZ increased proportionally to the ocular axial elongation, with an average of 0.05 to 0.07 mm² per additional diopter; OCTA showed 92% sensitivity in the detection of microvascular changes and allowed the identification of patterns associated with the progression of myopia; as well as therapeutic interventions, such as the use of anti-VEGF agents, reduced the FAZ area by up to 15% in six months. Therefore, FAZ proved to be a significant marker in high myopia, providing support for early diagnosis and targeted therapies, promoting better clinical outcomes.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Nigerian Currency Note in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Chekwube Adonu, Cyril , Gospel Okpara, Udochukwu
Published: January 2025

Background: Nigerian currency notes act as fomites and thus can transmit pathogenic microorganisms from one person to another.
Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from Nigerian currency notes circulating in Enugu East local government area of Enugu State.
Methods: Isolation, characterization and antibiotic sensitivity tests were done using standard methods.
Results: A total of 632 bacterial strains comprising 13 different bacterial species were isolated and identified from the Nigerian currency notes. The respective isolation rates of the isolates were Staphylococcus aureus(35.3%), E.coli (15.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.5%), Bacillus sp (13.6%), Salmonella sp (2.8%), Klebsiella sp (10.1%), Streptococcus sp (7.3%), Acinetobacter sp (1.6%), Serratia marcescens (1.7%), Proteus mirabilis (3.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (2.8%), Citrobacter sp (3.0%) and Actinomycete sp (0.3%). The Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria showed resistance to cloxacilline (87%) and amoxicillin (84%). Further, 93.4% of all the bacterial isolates had a multi-antibiotic resistance index (MARI) >2 and the rest of the isolates (6.5%) had a MARI < 2.
Conclusion: Nigerian currency notes harbour bacteria. Many of these bacteria are multidrug resistant organisms.
Postpartum Depression—New Screening Recommendations and Treatments
Authors: Moore Simas Tiffany A. , Whelan Anna , Byatt Nancy
Published: November 2023

This Insights in the Women’s Health series describes perinatal depression (occurring prepregnancy through postpartum periods) and new recommendations and treatment guidelines for this condition.
Cost of Exempting Sole Orphan Drugs From Medicare Negotiation
Authors: Vogel Matthew , Zhao Olivia , Feldman William B. , Chandra Amitabh , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Rome Benjamin N.
Published: November 2023

Importance

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) requires Medicare to negotiate prices for some high-spending drugs but exempts drugs approved solely for the treatment of a single rare disease.

Objective

To estimate Medicare spending and global revenues for drugs that might have been exempt from negotiation from 2012 to 2021.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study analyzed drugs that met the IRA threshold for price negotiation (Medicare spending >$200 million/y) in any year from 2012 to 2021 and had an Orphan Drug Act designation. We stratified drugs into 4 mutually exclusive categories: approved for a single rare disease (sole orphan), approved for multiple rare diseases (multiorphan), initially approved for a rare disease and subsequently approved for a nonrare disease (orphan first), and initially approved for a nonrare disease and subsequently approved for a rare disease (non–orphan first).

Outcomes

The primary outcomes were the number of sole orphan drugs, estimated Medicare spending on those drugs from 2012 to 2021, and global revenue since launch.

Results

Among 282 drugs, 95 (34%) were approved to treat at least 1 rare disease, including 25 sole orphan drugs (26%), 20 multiorphan drugs (21%), 13 orphan first drugs (14%), and 37 non–orphan first drugs (39%). From 2012 to 2021, Medicare spending on sole orphan drugs increased from $3.4 billion to $10.0 billion. Each year, a median (IQR) of $2.5 ($1.9-$2.6) billion in Medicare spending would have been excluded from price negotiation because of the sole orphan exemption. The cumulative global revenue of the median (IQR) sole orphan drug was $11 ($6.6-$19.2) billion.

Conclusions and Relevance

The sole orphan exemption will exclude billions of dollars of Medicare drug spending from price negotiation. The high level of global revenues achieved by these drugs, however, suggests that special exemption is unnecessary for them to achieve financial success. Congress could consider removing the sole orphan exemption to obtain additional savings for patients and taxpayers and to eliminate any potential disincentive for developing additional indications for these drugs.
False-Negative Confirmatory Testing in Patients With Cannabinoid-Positive Urine Drug Screens
Authors: Watson C. James , McMillin Gwendolyn A. , Burns Michele M.
Published: November 2023

This cross-sectional study discusses false-negative results associated with a change in the reporting threshold of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
Implementation of the Seeded Growth Method in Fabricating 3D‐Printed Nanocomposite Contact Lenses for Selective Transmission
Authors: El Turk Said , Tarnini Mohammed , Al Hassanieh Sultan , Belkadi Dhiya , Alagha Rami , Salih Ahmed E. , Butt Haider
Published: November 2023

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are useful materials that may be used in a variety of applications such as colorblindness management, drug delivery, and bacteria reduction. When incorporated with optical lenses, GNPs cause an absorption dip in the transmission spectra of the lenses. Out of the aforementioned medical applications, colorblindness management is the most benefited from such spectra absorption as it can potentially block problematic wavelengths that patients suffer from and hence manage their colorblindness, where color vision deficiency (CVD), also known as colorblindness, is a congenital ocular disorder that has no current cure, and patients suffering from it rely on wearable aids that enhance their color perception by filtering out the certain wavelengths. Herein, customized gold nanocomposite contact lenses are fabricated via additive manufacturing to filter selective transmission wavelengths in the range of 540 and 560 nm. To allow selective filtering, seed‐mediated synthesis of GNPs through nine growth steps is utilized to vary the GNPs’ size and plasmonic filtering properties. Thereafter, three contact lenses are fabricated with different GNPs concentrations and particle sizes. In the results of the study, it is indicated that the fabricated lenses can block certain wavelengths selectively while acquiring properties similar to commercially available eyewear.
Ultrathin WOx Nanoribbons with Moderate ROS Clearance and Antibacterial Abilities Efficiently Induce M2 Macrophage Polarization for Diabetic Bone Defect Repair
Authors: Wang Jiechen , Zhang Chenguang , Zhang Wenshu , Liu Wenwen , Guo Yaru , Dang Pengrui , Wei Ling , Zhao Han , Deng Xuliang , Guo Shaojun , Chen Lili
Published: November 2023

The repair of bone defects in diabetes remains a major challenge in the field of biomedicine because of the disturbance of bone immune homeostasis and the susceptibility of exposed wounds to bacterial infection. Clinically, immunoregulation by removing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) effectively promotes diabetic bone defect repair. However, aggressive ROS clearance can disrupt ROS homeostasis, making ROS‐mediated polarization of M2 macrophages in the process of tissue healing of diabetes be difficult. Herein, an ultrathin defective tungsten oxide (WOx) nanoribbon with high oxygen vacancies to simultaneously achieve moderate scavenging of ROS and high broad‐spectrum photothermal antibacterial activity to promote diabetic bone defect repair is reported. It is demonstrated that the moderate ROS clearance ability of WOx nanoribbons can remodel metabolic patterns for achieving 86.3% M2 macrophage induction in a high glucose microenvironment. This high induction efficiency combined with excellent photothermal antibacterial ability of WOx nanoribbons markedly alleviated the inflammatory reaction and efficiently facilitated the repair of bone defects infected with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in C57BLKS/J (BKS)‐diabetic (BKS‐db) mice.
Significant Efficiency and Stability Enhancement of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells Combining with Multifunctional Effects of a Natural Spice
Authors: Yi Zijun , Zhang Wenguang , Xiong Yuchen , Xiao Bo , Jiang Qinghui , Luo Yubo , Li Xin , Yang Junyou
Published: November 2023

The numerous defect‐induced non‐radiative recombination losses and residual stress in the preparation of perovskite film greatly hinder the further improvement of the efficiency and stability of flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a natural spice 7‐amino‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2‐benzopyrone (ATB) containing amino (─NH2), carbonyl (─C═O), and trifluoromethyl (─CF3) functional groups is introduced into the perovskite precursor solution, thereby preparing high‐quality perovskite film with low defect density. It is revealed that the utilization of ATB is beneficial to comprehensively passivate the defects and release the residual stress of perovskite film through the synergistic effect of functional groups, thereby improving the crystallinity and enhancing the carrier lifetime of perovskite film. Moreover, the introduction of ATB contributes to an improved energy levels alignment between the perovskite and adjacent layers, which facilitates fast carrier transport and suppresses the recombination loss in the flexible PSCs. Combined with the multifunctional effects of ATB, the target flexible and rigid PSCs with ATB modification yield remarkable photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.08% and 23.79%, respectively. More importantly, the ATB‐modified flexible device exhibits outstanding stability and retains 87.3% and 91.6% of the original efficiency after aging for 3000 h at 50 ± 5 relative humidity and 5000 bending cycles, respectively.
Core–Shell Perovskite Quantum Dots for Highly Selective Room‐Temperature Spin Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jang Gyumin , Jo Dae‐Yeon , Ma Sunihl , Lee Junwoo , Son Jaehyun , Lee Chan Uk , Jeong Wooyong , Yang Seongyeon , Park Jeong Hyun , Yang Heesun , Moon Jooho
Published: November 2023

Circularly polarized light (CPL) is a crucial light source with a wide variety of potential applications such as magnetic recording, and 3D display. Here, core–shell heterostructured perovskite quantum dots (QDs) for room‐temperature spin‐polarized light‐emitting diodes (spin‐LEDs) are developed. Specifically, a 2D chiral perovskite shell is deposited onto the achiral 3D inorganic perovskite (CsPbBr3) core. Owing to the chiral‐induced spin selectivity effect, the spin state of the injected charge carriers is biased when they are transmitted through the 2D chiral shell. The spin‐controlled carriers then radiatively recombine inside the CsPbBr3 emissive core, resulting in CPL emission. It is demonstrated that the (R)‐ and (S)‐1‐(2‐(naphthyl)ethylamine) (R‐/S‐NEA) 2D chiral cations enhance the spin polarization degree due to their strong chiroptical properties. Systematical defect analyses confirm that 2D chiral cations (i.e., R‐/S‐NEA) successfully passivate halide vacancies at the surface of the CsPbBr3 QDs, thereby attaining a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 78%. Moreover, the spin‐LEDs prepared with core–shell QDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 5.47% and circularly polarized electroluminescence with a polarization degree (PCP‐EL) of 12% at room temperature. Finally, various patterns fabricated by inkjet printing the core–shell QDs emit strong CPL, highlighting their potential as an emitter for next‐generation displays.
Intestine‐Targeted Explosive Hydrogel Microsphere Promotes Uric Acid Excretion for Gout Therapy
Authors: Tang Yunkai , Du Yawei , Ye Junna , Deng Lianfu , Cui Wenguo
Published: November 2023

Uric acid metabolism disorder triggers metabolic diseases, especially gout. However, increasing uric acid excretion remains a challenge. Here, an accelerative uric acid excretion pathway via an oral intestine‐explosive hydrogel microsphere merely containing uricase and dopamine is reported. After oral administration, uricase is exposed and immobilized on intestinal mucosa along with an in situ dopamine polymerization via a cascade reaction triggered by the intestinal specific environment. By this means, trace amount of uricase is required to in situ up‐regulate uric acid transporter proteins of intestinal epithelial cells, causing accelerated intestinal uric acid excretion. From in vitro data, the uric acid in fecal samples from gout patients could be significantly reduced by up to 37% by the mimic mucosa‐immobilized uricase on the isolated porcine tissues. Both hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis in vivo mouse models confirm the uric acid excretion efficacy of intestine‐explosive hydrogel microspheres. Fecal uric acid excretion is increased around 30% and blood uric acid is reduced more than 70%. In addition, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing showed that the microspheres optimized intestinal flora composition as well. In conclusion, a unique pathway via the intestine in situ regulation to realize an efficient uric acid intestinal excretion for gout therapy is developed.
Bioinspired Hard–Soft Composite Scaffold with Excellent Lubrication and Osteogenic Properties for the Treatment of Osteochondral Defect
Authors: Hu Keming , Ma Qi , Guo Weicheng , Zhao Weiwei , Zhao Yanran , Cai Xu , Zhang Hongyu
Published: November 2023

Natural articular cartilage is a typical self‐healing and superlubrication system capable of maintaining extremely low friction under physiological loadings. Cartilage wear and accidental trauma can cause irreversible defects to cartilage and subchondral bone with a significant decrease in intra‐articular lubrication, leading to the development of severe osteoarthritis and osteochondral defect. To address the important clinical problem of osteochondral defect, a bioinspired hard–soft (PEEK‐lubrication hydrogel) composite scaffold is designed and developed. The polymerization of polyethylene glycol diacrylamide (PEGDAA) and 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrate is achieved by UV initiation to form a strong interfacial bonding, and nano‐hydroxyapatite is deposited on porous PEEK substrate via polydopamine coating to improve osteogenic capability. Accordingly, the composite scaffold is successfully developed with lubrication and osteogenic activity. The tribological tests show that the lubrication performance of the composite scaffold is based on the hydration lubrication mechanism of the upper hydrogel layer, and the in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the composite scaffold is endowed with excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. In conclusion, the bioinspired strategy for preparing a hard–soft composite scaffold shows a promising way in the treatment of osteochondral defect and provided a guideline for designing functional PEEK‐based biomaterials in tissue engineering scaffolds.
Transfer‐Free Creation of Hierarchical Wrinkle Patterns for Stretchable and Compliant Strain and Contact Sensing
Authors: Cai Catherine Jiayi , Kalairaj Manivannan Sivaperuman , Huang Hui , Chen Po‐Yen , Ren Hongliang
Published: November 2023

Higher order hierarchical wrinkle patterns may extend the functionalities and enable new capabilities in the devices created, but current transfer‐based methods are often complex and tedious. This work develops a transfer‐free method to generate hierarchical wrinkle patterns in MXene thin films via controlled deflation of a latex balloon substrate by exploiting its thermal‐elastic properties. This work generates four different wrinkle patterns with varying strain sensitivity: 2D (GF = 0.593), 1D1D (GF = 0.0979), 2D1D (GF = 0.0165), and 2D2D (GF = 0.545). Taking advantage of the small strain response exhibited by the 2D1D electrode, this work fabricates stretchable stain‐insensitive contact sensors where its behavior can be tuned by varying the thickness of the spacer. When the spacer is 0.16 mm thick, the sensor is observed to have a pressure sensitivity of 0.0922, 0.109, and 0.112 kPa−1 at 0%, 25% and 50% stretching states respectively at pressures of <2500 Pa. When the spacer is 0.32 mm thick, the sensor is observed to have a pressure sensitivity of 0.154, 0.185, and 0.233 kPa−1 under 0%, 25% and 50% strain respectively between the pressure range of 2900–5200 Pa.
An investigation into emergency medicine resident cricothyrotomy competency: Is three the magic number?
Authors: Turner Joseph S. , Stewart Lauren K. , Hybarger Andrew C. , Ellender Timothy J. , Stepsis Tyler M. , Bartkus Edward A. , Garverick Paul , Cooper Dylan D.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Cricothyrotomy is a high‐stakes emergency procedure. Because the procedure is rare, simulation is often used to train residents. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires performance of three cricothyrotomies during residency, but the optimal number of training repetitions is unknown. Additional repetitions beyond three could increase proficiency, though it is unknown whether there is a threshold beyond which there is no benefit to additional repetition. The objective of this study was to establish a minimum number of simulated cricothyrotomy attempts beyond which additional attempts did not increase proficiency.

Methods

This was a prospective, observational study conducted over 3 years at the simulation center of an academic emergency medicine residency program. Participants were residents participating in a cricothyrotomy training as part of a longitudinal airway curriculum course. The primary outcome was time to successful completion of the procedure as first‐year residents. Secondary outcomes included time to completion as second‐ and third‐year residents. Procedure times were plotted as a function of attempt number. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, repeated‐measures analysis of variance, and correlation analysis. Preprocedure surveys collected further data regarding procedure experience, confidence, and comfort.

Results

Sixty‐nine first‐year residents participated in the study. Steady improvement in time to completion was seen through the first six attempts (from a mean of 75 to 41 sec), after which no further significant improvement was found. Second‐ and third‐year residents initially demonstrated slower performance than first‐year residents but rapidly improved to surpass their first‐year performance. Resident mean times at five attempts were faster with each year of residency (first‐year 48 sec, second‐year 30 sec, third‐year 24 sec). There was no statistically significant correlation between confidence and time to complete the procedure.

Conclusions

Additional repetition beyond the ACGME‐endorsed three cricothyrotomy attempts may help increase proficiency. Periodic retraining may be important to maintain skills.