bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis del discurso sobre un relato de felicidad en cinco palabras
Authors: Blázquez Manzano Alberto , Gutiérrez Caballero Juana María
Published: September 2019

El presente trabajo exploratorio consiste en analizar el discurso de una tarea basada en escribir una historia feliz en cinco palabras. El objetivo del mismo es conocer los conceptos relacionados con la felicidad y la estructura gramatical a la hora de expresar el relato por parte de los sujetos de manera que los tenga aplicación en el diseño del mensaje persuasivo. Concretamente se trata de ver las diferencias de género en el número de verbos, sustantivos, temáticas y palabras más utilizadas en dicho relato.

Para ello a través de la estrategia de storytelling, se publica en una red social una infografía invitando a la participación en la elaboración de una frase feliz en cinco palabras. En el muestreo por conveniencia participan 300 sujetos (47,3% hombres y 52,3% mujeres). Los resultados muestran el uso diferenciado de verbos y sustantivos entre hombres y mujeres; así como las temáticas a las que hacen alusión los relatos tales como: el amor, filosofía de vida y retos futuros. Las palabras clave más utilizadas son: felicidad, amor y vida.
U.S. Opioid Epidemic: Impact on Public Health and Review of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)
Authors: Bote Sunghee H
Published: September 2019

Objectives: In recent years, the devastating effects of U.S. opioid epidemic has been making news headlines.  This report explores background information and trends on opioid misuse, overdose fatalities and its impact on public health.  In addition, various efforts to improve surveillance, timeliness of data and Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) integration and interoperability are reviewed.Method: PubMed and internet searches were performed to find information on the U.S. opioid epidemic.  In addition, searches were performed to retrieve information about PDMPs and state-specific mandates along with presentation slides and learnings from the 2018 National Rx Drug Abuse & Heroin Summit in Atlanta, GA.Results: It is clear that the U.S. opioid epidemic has a tremendous impact on public health including the next generation of children.  Various data, surveillance & technology-driven efforts including CDC-Funded Enhanced State Opioid Overdose Surveillance Program (ESOOS) and use of telemedicine for opioid use disorder treatment aim to improve prevention, treatment and targeted interventions.  In addition, PDMP integration and interoperability efforts are advancing to provide prescribers meaningful decision support tools.Discussion: The opioid epidemic has a complex impact on public health intertwined with variable factors such as mental health and social determinants of health.  Given the statistics and studies that suggest many of the illicit opioid users start with prescription opioids, continued advancement in the area of PDMP integration and interoperability is necessary.  The PDMP integrated clinical decision support systems need to supply to healthcare providers access to complete, timely and evidence-based information that can meaningfully inform prescribing decisions and communication with patients that affect measurable outcomes. Conclusion: While Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) are valuable tools for providers in making informed prescribing decisions, the variable state mandates and varying degrees of integration and interoperability across states may limit their potential as meaningful decision support tools.  Sharing best practices, challenges and lessons learned among states and organizations may inform strategic and systematic use of PDMPs to improve public health outcomes.Key Words: opioid epidemic, prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), prescription monitoring programs (PMPs)
Willingness to Use Mobile based e-Partograph and Associated Factors among Care Providers in North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Endehabtu Berhanu Fikadie , Endehabtu Berhanu Fikadie , Tadesse Yared , Gelagay Abebaw Addis , Tilahun Binyam , Mekonnen Zeleke Abebaw , Gashu Kassahun Dessie
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground: The proper use of Partograph supports to capture key maternal and fetal data. Paper-based Partograph are prone to error, incompleteness, delayed decisions and loss of clients’ information. Electronic (e-Partograph) enables to easily retain and retrieve client data to ensure quality of care. Mobile technologies found an opportunity for resource-limited countries to improve access and quality of health care. Evidences were lacking on end users’ acceptance to e-Partograph.Objective: This study aimed to assess obstetric care providers’ willingness to use mobile based e-Partograph and its associated factors.Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 30, 2016 to January 21, 2017. A total 466 obstetric care providers were selected using multistage sampling technique in North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.  A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered in to Epi info version 7 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Cronbach’s Alpha test was calculated to evaluate the reliability of data. A multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with dependent variable. Adjusted odds ratio with 95%CI was used to determine the presence of association.Results:  The study found that 460(99.6%) of care providers owned mobile phone. Smartphone owners accounted only 102(22%). Of them, 205(46%) were willing to use mobile-phone for e-Partograph. Care providers aged >30 years (AOR=2.85, 95% C.I: 1.34-6.05), medical doctors and higher level clinicians (AOR=8.35, 95% C.I: 2.07-33.63), Health Center (AOR=4.41, 95% C.I:.10-9.26), favorable attitude towards Partograph (AOR=2.76, 95% C.I: 1.49-5.09) and related in-service trainings (AOR=7.63, 95% C.I: 3.96-14.69) were enabling factors for willingness to use mobile phone.Conclusions: Almost all obstetric care providers had access to mobile phone, however; smartphone ownership is still low. Willingness to use mobile-phone for e-Partograph was low. Younger aged, lower level clinicians, Hospital based workers, unfavorable attitude on Partograph and lack of in-service trainings were main factors for non-willingness. Hence awareness creation on partograph use and digital capacity building are crucial for effective e-partograph management.         Key words: e-Partograph, Ethiopia, Obstetric care provider, Willingness
Usability Assessment of the Missouri Cancer Registry’s Published Interactive Mapping Reports: Round Two
Authors: Ramadan Awatef Ben , Jackson-Thompson Jeannette , Schmaltz Chester L
Published: September 2019

Background: Health-related data’s users have trouble understanding and interpreting combined statistical and mapping information. This is the second round of a usability study conducted after we modified and simplified our tested maps based on the first round’s results. Objective: To explore if the tested maps’ usability improved by modifying the maps according to the first round’s resultsMethods: We recruited 13 cancer professionals from National American Central Cancer registries (NACCR) 2016 conference. The study involved three phases per participant: A pretest questionnaire, the multi-task usability test, and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Software was used to record the computer screen during the trial and the users’ spoken comments. We measured several qualitative and quantitative usability metrics. The study’s data was analyzed using spreadsheet software.Results: In the current study, unlike the previous round, there was no significant statistical relationship between the subjects’ performance on the study test and the experience in GIS tools (P = .17 previously was .03). Three out of the four (75%) of our subjects with a bachelor’s degree or less accomplished the given tasks effectively and efficiently. This study developed a comparable satisfaction results to the first round study, despite that the previous round’s participants were highly educated and more experienced with GIS.Conclusion: By considering the round one’s results and by updating our maps, we made the tested maps simpler to be used by subjects who have little experience in using GIS technology, and have little spatial and statistical knowledge.
Malaria Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTi) pharmacovigilance in Malawi: A case of Lilongwe district.
Authors: Kubalalika Prestor J
Published: September 2019

Background: Intermittent Preventive Treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in infants (SP-IPTi) is a malaria control strategy which, together with the delivery of routine childhood immunizations, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) was implemented in  Lilongwe district of Malawi from September 2008 to November in 2009. A study was performed by Lilongwe District Health Office (DHO) in collaboration with funding from UNICEF to evaluate the safety of SP-IPTi and identify potential new Adverse Events (AEs) spontaneously identified, reported, monitored and evaluated.Methods: A cohort event monitoring study was conducted on 15, 000 infants in 4 Health Facilities (HFs) after administration of SP-IPTi to infants during routine immunizations. A total number of about 50 Community Health Workers (CHWs) and volunteers were trained in pharmacovigilance and supervised by senior personnel in all the five HFs.Infants received half tablets of SP immediately after receiving DPT-HepB+Hib (Pentavalent) 2 vaccine / (IPTi 1), Pentavalent 3 /(IPTi 2) at 10 and 14 weeks respectively and Measles vaccines/(IPTi 3) at 9 months. These children were recorded and their mothers were given diary cards with pictures of possible AEs. Community Health Workers (CHWs) and volunteers followed up every child after 10 days of administration/registration to collect the diary cards where parents indicated the types of AEs they observed on their children as well as starting and end dates of such possible AEs.The indicated AEs were entered into a computer database from all the collected diary cards according to HFs. Possible side effects/AEs that were looked for were; persistent crying, fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, skin rashes, abdominal pains, insomnia, nausea, mouth sores, and itching among other related possible side effects.Results: A total of 15,105 children received the IPTi and were followed in all four health facilities. Out of this, 50.3% (7,594) were male while 49.7% (7, 511) were females. Of these, 19.2% [1247], 95% CI (276-304) developed AEs as follows; 42% persistent crying, 28% fever, 18% vomiting, 5.2% skin rashes and 6.8% presented with other minor symptoms while 80.8% (13,858) did not develop any side effects.  43.2% (1254) of those who showed symptoms were IPTi1 recipients, 35.3% (1022) received IPTi2 while 21.5% (624) were from those who received IPTi3.  Conclusions: This study showed that simultaneous administration of SP-IPTi together with immunizations was a safe strategy for implementation with very minimal serious AEs to infants. In this case therefore strategies towards strengthening such spontaneous reporting in Malawi should not only be left to service providers but also to beneficiaries or their caregivers.
Effects of Source Separation Education on Solid Waste Reduction in Developing Countries (A Case Study: Ardabil, Iran)
Authors: Hemmati Somayeh , Fataei Ebrahim , Imani Ali Akbar
Published: September 2019

The aim of the present study was to create a source separation and waste reduction culture in Ardabil city in a randomized systematic way. The present semi-experimental study was conducted in two regions of Ardabil city. The number of sample in each region was 100 (50 as control, 50
as case population). In order to determine the effect of the profile of households in regions 1 and 2 and the effect of training on the amount of produced waste and the increase of awareness on source waste separation, two-step sampling, before and after training, was conducted in both groups.
Beside a questionnaire also was completed before and after training. The results showed the statistically significant relationship between the income and reduction of produced waste in region 1 and 2. In the case group, level of awareness in regions 1 and 2 was changed from low-medium (first
step) to medium-high (second step). Also, amount of produced waste was reduced in second steps in the case group. This result indicates the effect of training as an intervention factor, on waste management. Therefore, the desirable education system should be selected according to the status
of society and the cultural, social, and economic conditions of each region and it is advisable to use specialized staff with health and environmental views to train citizens in order to source waste separation and waste management.
Waste Management in The Amazon and the Conceptual Innovation of Sustainability
Authors: Arenhardt Valéria , Pedro Filho Flávio de São , Schalch Valdir , Manthey Benevides Samia Laise , de Souza Saiane Barros
Published: September 2019

This study deals with the management of household waste in a municipal base in Brazil's Amazon region that did not implement selective collection. The aim is to study waste management produced in households, focusing on the reduction for urban development through the conceptual innovation
of sustainability. The specific goals of this project are: (1) to identify if the residents consider it important to properly dispose of household waste, (2) to assess how much they know about the selective collection and where household waste goes; (3) to propose conceptual innovation in
managing solid residues and sustainability. It is an exploratory descriptive research, with the field study of mixed nature, presenting qualitative and quantitative results. The consulted population of the lower middle class was chosen by sampling. The proposal is to analyze the answers collected
to identify the ability of individuals to break environmental paradigms guided by the awareness of actions and innovative behavior in the face of the problem studied and based on the U Theory, proposing concept innovations on global sustainability. The result shows the inadequate management
of household solid waste because residents do not comply with the principles of sustainability. The analysis allows bringing the conceptual innovation of environmental, economic and social sustainability, breaking old concepts and proposing the shared management of household waste. The actions
indicated in this research would enable entrepreneurs to optimize the environmental development allied to the social and economic sustainability in the Amazon. This work can benefit business owners, governments and society in general.
Metal Leaching Efficiency from Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Inorganic Acid
Authors: Xiong Zhenfeng , Huang Ying , Zhou Kemei , Zhang Dong , Bao Juan , Sun Zifei
Published: September 2019

Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) from personal computers were ground and subjected to a two-step leaching process using two inorganic acids (nitric acid and aqua regia) to leach metals. Three kinds of samples were used: the whole WPCB, the golden finger part, and the WPCB excluding
the golden finger. Leaching efficiencies of metals from these samples for different nitric acid concentrations (followed by aqua regia) were evaluated to identify the best concentration of nitric acid. The extracted Au concentration from the golden finger was 5.5 times of that from the whole
WPCB board. Metals that compete with Au, such as Ni and Fe, have lower mass fractions in the whole WPCB board compared to those in the golden finger. However, Cu comprises a higher proportion in the golden finger. Au can be effectively separated from most other metals by initially leaching
the ground WPCB with 5M nitric acid, followed by leaching with aqua regia. Considering the high leaching proportion of Au, it is advantageous to leach Au and base metals separately from the golden finger and from WPCB excluding the golden finger.
Ghosts of Abolition in Oliver Twist
Authors: Teets Anthony
Published: September 2019

Oliver Twist the hero and the myth, the serialized fiction and the novel, were all born at the crux of British emancipation, and though numerous critics have noted that Dickens's novel is built around social historical realities of the early 1830s, it remains to tell that story from a viewpoint that includes the abolition of slavery in the West Indies, the period of slave-apprenticeship, and the compensation to former slave owners. Though often considered separately, this article argues that Dickens considered the effects of abolition to intertwine discursively with the New Poor Law, Vagrancy Acts, and legislative reforms concerning animal cruelty. The article emphasizes the West Indian plot involving Oliver's half-brother Monks as crucial in unifying the novel's concern with social justice. In arguing that the various reforms participated in the creation of new categories for defining populations, Ian Hacking's concept of “historical ontology” is used to consider the ways institutions and legislative bodies create new kinds of persons over time. Dickens's use of metaphor and metonymy translate social realities into fictional characters. Though Oliver is financially rewarded with an inheritance from the West Indian estate, it is Dickens's novel that relieved his readers' social anxieties with a literary compensation.
Queer Circuits: Dynamic Forms, Description, and Teleoskepticism in Dickens'sGreat Expectations
Authors: Leclercq Virginia M.
Published: September 2019

This article draws on the concepts of “chrononormativity” and “teleoskepticism” from current debates in queer theory to explore the formal work of description in Dickens's novel (1861–1862). Where formalism and narrative theory have traditionally assumed that narrative action lends dynamism to the novel form, this article draws on Dickens's descriptions of Miss Havisham to propose the concept of dynamic stasis, a form that occurs not in the plotted activity of the text but in its descriptions. Rather than interrupting the narrative action, these descriptions are themselves dynamic forms that force us to reconsider the formal dynamics of the novel and the stability of the closure derived from heteronormative sociotemporal forms, like the marriage plot or the bildungsroman.
New George Eliot Studies: From Time's Up to the Anthropocene
Authors: Carroll Alicia
Published: September 2019

It is wonderfully clear from recent work that as George Eliot rapidly approaches her bicentenary, she matters more than ever. In reading her, many of the scholars reviewed here are inclined to point out the gender inequities she experienced in life (pay inequity, for example) or the inaccuracy of gendered assumptions about her life and work which have gone unchallenged. From the ecology of Middlemarch to the character of Eliot as “Editress” of The Westminster Review, recent scholars have brought a new George Eliot into the twenty-first century, challenging old dogma (even the once sacred “death of the author”) along the way. While new attention has been paid to George Eliot's individual work as an editor, new approaches also tend to place her in the field of cultural production, often among other women, stressing the collective, social nature of women's professional experiences in, for example, the British Library's Round Reading Room, or on staff at periodicals. The now venerable field of periodical studies as well as the recent digitization of materials has facilitated a new feminist scholarship that digs deep into the collective experiences of being a professional woman writer in the Victorian period.
Pylephlebitis caused by a liver abscess
Authors: Alcantar Daniel , Galeano Fanny Giron , Junia Christine
Published: September 2019

Pylephlebitis is a rare complication associated with an intra-abdominal septic process in the portal venous system. It is defined as thrombophlebitis of the portal vein and is often reported in association with appendicitis and diverticulitis. We present a 64-yearold female who presented with fever, chills, myalgia, and loss of appetite. A computerized tomography (CT) chest/abdomen/pelvis was performed and the patient was found to have a low-density lesion within the left lobe of the liver suspicious for a hepatic abscess and a suspected left segmental plyephlebitis. The diagnosis of pylephlebitis can be challenging as there is a broad differential diagnosis to consider. When considering pylephlebitis, empiric antibiotic coverage for poly-microbial infection targeting both gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes should be initiated. Antimicrobial therapy is modified according to blood culture results and treatment can be extended for 4 to 6 weeks. To our knowledge, there are only a few cases identifying liver abscesses as an etiology for pylephlebitis. This case was atypical compared to other cases in that the diagnosis of pylephlebitiswas incidental.
Comprehensive analysis of in-hospital delirium after major surgical oncology procedures
Authors: Bandini Marco , Marchioni Michele , Preisser Felix , Nazzani Sebastiano , Tian Zhe , Graefen Markus , Montorsi Francesco , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Schips Luigi , Briganti Alberto , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Very few population-based assessments of delirium have been performed to date. These have not assessed the implications of delirium after major surgical oncology procedures (MSOPs). We examined the temporal trends of delirium following 10 MSOPs, as well as patient and hospital delirium risk factors. Finally, we examined the effect of delirium on length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and hospital charges.

Methods: We retrospectively identified patients who underwent prostatectomy, colectomy, cystectomy, mastectomy, gastrectomy, hysterectomy, nephrectomy, oophorectomy, lung resection, or pancreatectomy within the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2003‒2013). We yielded a weighted estimate of 3 431 632 patients. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) analyses identified the determinants of postoperative delirium, as well as the effect of delirium on length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and hospital charges.

Results: Between 2003 and 2013, annual delirium rate increased from 0.7 to 1.2% (+6.0%; p<0.001). Delirium rates were highest after cystectomy (predicted probability [PP] 3.1%) and pancreatectomy (PP 2.6%) and lowest after prostatectomy (PP 0.15%) and mastectomy (PP 0.13%). Advanced age (odds ratio [OR] 3.80), maleness (OR 1.38), and higher Charlson comorbidity index (OR 1.20), as well as postoperative complications represent risk factors for delirium after MSOPs. Delirium after MSOP was associated with prolonged length of stay (OR 3.00), higher mortality (OR 1.15) and increased in-hospital charges (OR 1.13).

Conclusions: No contemporary population-based assessments of delirium after MSOP have been reported. According to our findings, delirium after MSOP has a profound impact on patient outcomes that ranges from prolonged length of stay to higher mortality and increased in-hospital charges.
Management of Devolved Health Services, Democratic Leadership Style and Healthcare Service Delivery in Arid and Semi Arid Lands in Kenya
Authors: Abdullahi Yarow Abdihafid , Jirma Shadrack , Siringi Elijah
Published: September 2019

Devolution was meant to improve efficiency in service delivery in the public healthcare facilities by improving financial allocation, human resource capacity and increasing medical supplies, equipment and health facilities. A glimpse of hope was noted with devolution especially in the ASALs with Mandera undertaking its first caesarean operation since independence and Wajir tripling its maternity facilities within three years. However, 5 years after devolution the neonatal mortality and maternal mortality still remain high. The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of democratic leadership style on the relationship between management of devolved health services and health-care service delivery in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya. This study was guided by fiscal decentralization theory, participation theory and theory of performance improvement, as well as sequential theory of decentralization. This study used a triangulation of both positivism and phenomenology. The population under this study constitute the Sub-Counties in ASAL in Kenya with a sample size of 89 Sub-Counties being sampled and 3 patients from each of the 89 sampled sub counties. Given the findings, did not accept the null hypothesis (H0) and therefore concludes that democratic leadership style has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between management of devolved health services and health-care service delivery in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya. Therefore, hospitals management should come up with strategies that can help improve financial resources to fund facilities improvement and purchase of equipment and supplies. These strategies can include seeking for donor funding among others.
The Influence of the Rules of Succession on the Structure of Hungarian and German Families of Southern Transdanubia in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Frey Dóra
Published: September 2019

The topic of the article is the influence of the rules and customs of succession on the family structures and life strategies in Southern Transdanubia. At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists and the local administration observed significant differences between the demographical structures of the Hungarian and German inhabitants in both Tolna and Baranya counties. While a significant part of the Hungarian rural population followed the “single-child-policy” (“egyke” in Hungarian), German families in the same area did not have this concept. It was observed, that the villages with families following the singlechild-policy kept losing population and were endangered by a demographical collapse. Seeking the reasons behind the single-child-policy, the rules of succession were identified as the main difference between the Hungarian and German population. The German population practiced the so-called primogeniture (Anerbenrecht), probably brought along from the early 18th century Southern Germany, meaning that one single successor inherits the entire land asset of the family. In contrast, the custom of the Hungarian population was a proportional succession. As all heirs inherited part of the land asset, it fragmented from generation to generation. To avoid this, the rural population developed the singlechild-policy, which, on the one hand, was very effective in preventing the fragmentation of family assets and became an unwritten law in several villages, but on the other hand it caused radical demographical changes. Different measures to prevent the single-child policy didn’t have a markable effect.
On Prosecutor’s Offences in Roman Criminal Trial
Authors: Loska Elżbieta
Published: September 2019

The subject of the article is to present a crime of collusion (praevaricatio) in Roman criminal law. It is one of the forms of obstruction of the criminal process by the prosecutor. The main scope was to show this crime in the juridical sources, preserved in the Justinian’s Digest.
Different faces of poverty.
Authors: Malinowski Ludwik
Published: September 2019

Different faces of poverty. Review of the book by S. Golinowska,
On Polish Poverty in 1990–2015. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa 2018
Dança sênior: uma alternativa para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos
Authors: Silva Rosangela Lima da , Santos Camila Carvalho , Prazeres Leidiany Rodrigues dos
Published: September 2019

A presente pesquisa analisou a influência da dança sênior na qualidade de vida dos idosos. A amostra foi composta de 25 idosos, frequentadores do Centro de Convivência da Melhor Idade (CCMI). Para realização da coleta de dados foi utilizado o questionário World Heath Organization Quality Of Life - Bref (WHOQOL BREF), aplicado antes e após a intervenção. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa foi de caráter quanti-qualitativo, com objetivo exploratório e interface na pesquisa ação. Os resultados obtidos foram melhorias na qualidade de vida dos idosos, o que fundamentou a influência positiva da dança sênior durante o período de intervenção.
Os jogos eletrônicos como instrumento pedagógico nas aulas de educação física escolar
Authors: Borges Carla Gomes , Colombo Bruno Dandolini
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar de que forma os jogos eletrônicos podem ser utilizados como instrumento pedagógico nas aulas de educação física escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Conclui-se que os jogos eletrônicos podem ser utilizados para abordar vários conteúdos da educação física escolar, como por exemplo, conhecimentos técnico-táticos de determinadas modalidades esportivas.
Formação docente e o uso das tecnologias no âmbito escolar
Authors: Nunes Felipe Becker , Klinski Cláudia Dos Santos
Published: September 2019

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo entender como acontece a formação dos docentes em relação ao uso das tecnologias, levando em consideração as diretrizes definidas nos parâmetros curriculares nacionais. O estudo foi realizado por meio de entrevistas com professores da rede pública e privada, caracterizando-se como uma pesquisa empírica com elementos, instrumentos e estratégias que estão contidos em uma abordagem qualitativa. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Foi possível compreender que os professores vêem nas TIC uma possibilidade transformadora e determinante para a educação.Palavras-chave: formação de professores; tecnologias educacionais; PCN.
Predictive attentional bias modification induces stimulus-evoked attentional bias for threat
Authors: Gladwin Thomas E. , Möbius Martin , Becker Eni S.
Published: September 2019

Attentional Bias Modification (ABM) aims to modulate attentional biases, but questions remain about its efficacy and there may be new variants yet to explore. The current study tested effects of a novel version of ABM, predictive ABM (predABM), using visually neutral cues predicting the locations of future threatening and neutral stimuli that had a chance of appearing after a delay. Such effects could also help understand anticipatory attentional biases measured using cued Visual Probe Tasks. One hundred and two participants completed the experiment online. We tested whether training Towards Threat versus Away from Threat contingencies on the predABM would cause subsequent attentional biases towards versus away from threat versus neutral stimuli, respectively. Participants were randomly assigned and compared on attentional bias measured via a post-training Dot-Probe task. A significant difference was found between the attentional bias in the Towards Threat versus Away from Threat group. The training contingencies induced effects on bias in the expected direction, although the bias in each group separately did not reach significance. Stronger effects may require multiple training sessions. Nevertheless, the primary test confirmed the hypothesis, showing that the predABM is a potentially interesting variant of ABM. Theoretically, the results show that automatization may involve the process of selecting the outcome of a cognitive response, rather than a simple stimulus-response association. Training based on contingencies involving predicted stimuli affect subsequent attentional measures and could be of interest in future clinical studies.
Quand les artistes jugent les théâtres. La valeur différenciée des lieux de spectacle à l’aune des carrières artistiques
Authors: Langeard Chloé , Liot Françoise , Rui Sandrine
Published: September 2019

Cet article se propose de réintroduire la dimension artistique dans l’évaluation des théâtres, sans considérer celle-ci uniquement du point de vue des oeuvres. Cette focalisation sur la valeur artistique, de même que les récents et nombreux travaux sur les métiers artistiques, a laissé dans l’ombre le rôle joué par les lieux dans l’organisation de la profession. Quelle est la valeur d’un théâtre pour les artistes amenés à fréquenter ces lieux de création, de production et de diffusion de leurs oeuvres ? À l’appui d’une enquête qualitative menée auprès de metteurs en scène et de chorégraphes, nous montrerons que les artistes convoquent trois dimensions dès lors qu’ils sont amenés à juger de la valeur d’un théâtre : matérielle et technique, le théâtre est apprécié en tant qu’outil de travail ; identitaire et artistique, le théâtre est évalué en tant que partenaire ; réputationnelle, le théâtre est considéré en tant qu’intermédiaire. Au final, la prise en compte de cette évaluation tridimensionnelle met au jour une hiérarchie complexe entre les théâtres, lesquels apparaissent comme un outil de régulation important de la profession. En tant qu’acteur intermédiaire sur le marché du travail artistique, les théâtres contribuent à la valorisation et à la sélection sociale des créateurs. Plus encore, cette hiérarchisation entre théâtres révèle une division horizontale du travail largement dépendante du parcours de l’artiste et des conditions d’élaboration de son oeuvre.
A sombra do Eu Puro: Merleau-Ponty e o “último” Husserl
Authors: Da Silva Claudinei Aparecido de Freitas
Published: September 2019

Em Le Philosophe et son Ombre, Merleau-Ponty agencia uma lapidar metáfora no intuito de circunscrever certo domínio de experiência, em rigor, pré-reflexiva, que estaria presente, particularmente, nos últimos trabalhos de Husserl: a sombra. Afinal, o que, mais propriamente, teria permanecido à “sombra” do filósofo? Ora, o pathos corolário do saber ocidental: “a tradição como esquecimento das origens”. Husserl então entrevê outra tarefa cara à fenomenologia, aquém e além de seu idealismo transcendentalmente professo: o retorno à Lebenswelt como horizonte pré-teorético. Trata-se, arqueologicamente, de escavar uma camada de evidência originária, isto é, um mundo bruto, em estado barroco ou selvagem como ainda não pensado. É essa zona de sombra como emblema concreto do Eu puro que não pode mais ser “posta entre parênteses”.
O método compreensivo na obra de Dilthey
Authors: Sass Simeão Donizeti
Published: September 2019

A hipótese do presente estudo é a seguinte: a obra de Dilthey representa a verdadeira fundamenta-ção da metodologia própria ao estudo das ciências humanas. Em particular, a constituição de uma antropologia radicada no método compreensivo. Esse método é a principal estrutura sobre a qual podem ser erigidas as ciências humanas. Não se pretende vincular estreitamente toda a história do pensamento contemporâneo aos pressupostos da filosofia de Dilthey. A intenção é tecer um fio condutor suficientemente resistente a ponto de tornar-se a fundamentação da filosofia que se quer metodologicamente independente das ciências naturais.
Using environmental DNA to monitor the reintroduction success of the Rhine sculpin (Cottus rhenanus) in a restored stream
Authors: Hempel Christopher A , Peinert Bianca , Beermann Arne J , Elbrecht Vasco , Macher Jan-Niklas , Macher Till-Hendrik , Jacobs Gunnar , Leese Florian
Published: September 2019

Freshwaters face some of the highest rates of species loss, caused by strong human impact. To decrease this strong impact, ecological restorations are increasingly applied to restore and maintain the natural ecological status of freshwaters. Their ecological status can be determined by assessing the presence of indicator species (e.g. certain fish species), which is called biomonitoring. However, traditional biomonitoring of fish, such as electrofishing, is often challenging and invasive. To augment traditional biomonitoring of fish, the analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) has recently been proposed as an alternative, sensitive approach. The present study employed this modern approach to monitor the Rhine sculpin (Cottus rhenanus), a fish species that has been reintroduced into a recently restored stream within the Emscher catchment in Germany, in order to validate the success of the applied restorations and to monitor the species’ dispersal. We monitored the dispersal of the Rhine sculpin using replicated 12S end-point PCR eDNA surveillance at a fine spatial and temporal scale. In that way, we investigated if eDNA analysis can be applied for freshwater assessments. We also performed traditional electrofishing in one instance to validate our eDNA-based approach. We could track the dispersal of the Rhine sculpin and showed a higher dispersal potential of the species than we assumed. We validated the species’ dispersal across a potential dispersal barrier via eDNA detection and showed a steep increase of positive detections once the reintroduced population had established. In contrast to that, false negative eDNA results occurred at early reintroduction stages. Our results show that eDNA detection can be used to confirm and monitor reintroductions and to contribute to the assessment and modelling of ecological status of streams.
Multifaceted role of tensins in cancer
Authors: Alfahed Abdulaziz , Raposo Teresa P , Ilyas Mohammad
Published: September 2019

Tensins are structural adaptor proteins localized at focal adhesions. Tensins can act as mechanosensors and participate in the transduction of biochemical signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton, acting as an interface able to alter cell behavior in responses to changes in their surrounding environment. This review aims to provide a concise summary of the main functions of the four known tensins in cell and cancer biology, their homology and recently unveiled signaling mechanisms. We focus specifically on how tensin 4 (TNS4/Cten) may contribute to cancer both as an oncogene supporting metastasis and as tumour suppressor in different types of tissue. A better understanding of the cancer mechanistics involving tensins may provide the rationale for development of specific therapeutic strategies.
Milankovitch forcing of Early Jurassic wildfires
Authors: Hollaar Teuntje Parnassia , Baker Sarah Jane , Deconinck Jean-Francois , Mander Luke , Ruhl Micha , Hesselbo Stephen P , Belcher Claire M
Published: September 2019

The Early Jurassic was characterized by major climatic and environmental perturbations which can be seen preserved at high resolution on orbital timescales. The Early Jurassic is a period of overall global warmth, and therefore serves as a suitable modern-day analogue to understand changes in the Earth System. Presently, Earth’s climate is warming and the frequency of large wildfires appears to be increasing. Recent research has indicated that Quaternary deposits reveal that wildfires respond to orbital forcings; however, to date no study has been able to test whether wildfire activity corresponds to changes over Milankovitch timescales in the deep past.

A high-resolution astrochronology exists for the Upper Pliensbachian in the Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) borehole (NW Wales). Ruhl et al. (2016) show that elemental concentration recorded by hand-held X-ray fluorescence (XRF), changes mainly at periodicities of ~21,000 year, ~100,000 year and ~400,000 year, and which can be related to visually described sedimentary bundles. We have quantified the abundance of fossil charcoal at a high resolution (10-15 cm) to test the hypothesis that these well-preserved climatic cycles influenced fire activity throughout this globally warm period.

Preliminary results suggest that variations in charcoal abundance are coupled to Milankovitch forcings over periods of ~21,000 and ~100,000 years. We suggest that these changes in fire relate to changes in seasonality and monsoonal activity that drove changes in vegetation that are linked to variations in the orbital forcing. Supplementary to the charcoal record, a high-resolution clay mineralogy dataset has been generated to further explain the climatic cyclicity observed in the wildfire record regarding the hydrology on land.
Ethylene induced nitrile and VOC synthesis by soil microbes; Improved root elongation & reduced risk of fungal infection in plants.
Authors: Perry Guenevere , Perry Diane
Published: September 2019

The scope of the project was to develop a method to induce soil microbes to inhibit fungal infection and improve root elongation. The study was randomized. Gladiolus bulbs selected for the study were visibly inspected to for viability and visible signs of infection. Two trials were conducted from Aug. 5th – Sept. 5th 2014 with 4 replicates per condition over a 7-d period in damp outdoor conditions in late summer. A mixed culture of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were collected from soil surrounding the roots of young fruit bearing trees. Microbes were mixed with minimal media (no-carbon source), and cultured with an ethylene and used as potting soil. Bulbs planted in ethylene induced soil displayed 0% visible fungal growth, while 38% of bulbs grown in control conditions displayed some form of fungal growth and/or infection. Ethylene induced soil increased root length by 225% in bulbs in 7-d period. GC Mass Spectrophotometry data suggest ethylene may induce soil microbes to synthesize several VOCs including (ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, pentanol) and esters (ethyl acetate), that may have synergistic benefits to lower the risk of fungal infection by soil mold, while nitrile compounds improve root elongation. The findings are preliminary, additional studies are required to understand the mechanism.
Validation of the RayStation Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm using realistic animal tissue phantoms
Authors: Schreuder Andries N. , Bridges Daniel S. , Rigsby Lauren , Blakey Marc , Janson Martin , Hedrick Samantha G. , Wilkinson John B.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study is to validate the RayStation Monte Carlo (MC) dose algorithm using animal tissue neck phantoms and a water breast phantom.

Methods

Three anthropomorphic phantoms were used in a clinical setting to test the RayStation MC dose algorithm. We used two real animal necks that were cut to a workable shape while frozen and then thawed before being CT scanned. Secondly, we made a patient breast phantom using a breast prosthesis filled with water and placed on a flat surface. Dose distributions in the animal and breast phantoms were measured using the MatriXX PT device.

Results

The measured doses to the neck and breast phantoms compared exceptionally well with doses calculated by the analytical pencil beam (APB) and MC algorithms. The comparisons between APB and MC dose calculations and MatriXX PT measurements yielded an average depth difference for best gamma agreement of <1 mm for the neck phantoms. For the breast phantom better average gamma pass rates between measured and calculated dose distributions were observed for the MC than for the APB algorithms.

Conclusions

The MC dose calculations are more accurate than the APB calculations for the static phantoms conditions we evaluated, especially in areas where significant inhomogeneous interfaces are traversed by the beam.
Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Salicylic Acids with Alkynes: Synthesis of Highly Substituted 1‐Naphthol Derivatives
Authors: Hirosawa Keishi , Usuki Yoshinosuke , Satoh Tetsuya
Published: September 2019

The iridium(III)‐catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of salicylic acids with diarylacetylenes proceeds smoothly accompanied by decarboxylation to produce 5,6,7,8‐tetraarylnaphthalen‐1‐ols selectively. This reaction can be conducted even without addition of external oxidant. The same kind of naphthalen‐1‐ol derivative can also be synthesized predominantly by the reaction of 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid with diphenylacetylene. Some of naphthalen‐1‐ols prepared exhibits unique optical properties.

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Aqueous Batteries Operated at −50 °C
Authors: Nian Qingshun , Wang Jiayue , Liu Shuang , Sun Tianjiang , Zheng Shibing , Zhang Yan , Tao Zhanliang , Chen Jun
Published: September 2019

Insufficient ionic conductivity and freezing of the electrolyte are considered the main problems for electrochemical energy storage at low temperatures (low T). Here, an electrolyte with a freezing point lower than −130 °C is developed by using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an additive with molar fraction of 0.3 to an aqueous solution of 2 m NaClO4 (2M‐0.3 electrolyte). The 2M‐0.3 electrolyte exhibits sufficient ionic conductivity of 0.11 mS cm−1 at −50 °C. The combination of spectroscopic investigations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that hydrogen bonds are stably formed between DMSO and water molecules, facilitating the operation of the electrolyte at ultra‐low T. Using DMSO as the electrolyte additive, the aqueous rechargeable alkali‐ion batteries (AABs) can work well even at −50 °C. This work provides a simple and effective strategy to develop low T AABs.
Geometric E→Z Isomerisation of Alkenyl Silanes by Selective Energy Transfer Catalysis: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Triarylethylenes via a Formal anti‐Metallometallation
Authors: Faßbender Svenja I. , Molloy John J. , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Gilmour Ryan
Published: September 2019

An efficient geometrical E→Z isomerisation of alkenyl silanes is disclosed via selective energy transfer using an inexpensive organic sensitiser. Characterised by operational simplicity, short reaction times (2 h), and broad substrate tolerance, the reaction displays high selectivity for trisubstituted systems (Z/E up to 95:5). In contrast to thermal activation, directionality results from deconjugation of the π‐system in the Z‐isomer due to A1,3‐strain thereby inhibiting re‐activation. The structural importance of the β‐substituent logically prompted an investigation of mixed bis‐nucleophiles (Si, Sn, B). These versatile linchpins also undergo facile isomerisation, thereby enabling a formal anti‐metallometallation. Mechanistic interrogation, supported by a theoretical investigation, is disclosed together with application of the products to the stereospecific synthesis of biologically relevant target structures.
Infrared Fingerprint Engineering: A Molecular‐Design Approach to Long‐Wave Infrared Transparency with Polymeric Materials
Authors: Kleine Tristan S. , Lee Taeheon , Carothers Kyle J. , Hamilton Meghan O. , Anderson Laura E. , Ruiz Diaz Liliana , Lyons Nicholas P. , Coasey Keith R. , Parker Wallace O. , Borghi Ludovico , Mackay Michael E. , Char Kookheon , Glass Richard S. , Lichtenberger Dennis L. , Norwood Robert A. , Pyun Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

Optical technologies in the long‐wave infrared (LWIR) spectrum (7–14 μm) offer important advantages for high‐resolution thermal imaging in near or complete darkness. The use of polymeric transmissive materials for IR imaging offers numerous cost and processing advantages but suffers from inferior optical properties in the LWIR spectrum. A major challenge in the design of LWIR‐transparent organic materials is that nearly all organic molecules absorb in this spectral window which lies within the so‐called IR‐fingerprint region. We report on a new molecular‐design approach to prepare high refractive index polymers with enhanced LWIR transparency. Computational methods were used to accelerate the design of novel molecules and polymers. Using this approach, we have prepared chalcogenide hybrid inorganic/organic polymers (CHIPs) with enhanced LWIR transparency and thermomechanical properties via inverse vulcanization of elemental sulfur with new organic co‐monomers.