bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All Organic Fully Integrated Neuromorphic Crossbar Array
Authors: Kazemzadeh Setareh , Stevens Tim , van de Burgt Yoeri
Published: February 2025

Analog non‐volatile memory devices, such as electrochemical random‐access memory (ECRAM), have emerged as a promising platform for in‐memory computing, facilitating efficient data processing. In this research, a pioneering approach is presented by introducing an all‐organic and fully integrated crossbar array comprising 3 × 3 ECRAM devices, notable for its facile fabrication employing photolithography techniques and exclusive utilization of organic materials for the devices and resistors. The crossbar array demonstrates remarkable capabilities, enabling inference and in situ parallel training, leading to high accuracy when classifying linearly separable 2D and 3D tasks. Notably, the biocompatible nature of the materials employed in the array offers promising prospects for the development of smart and adaptable bioelectronics that can directly interface with the biological environment.
The nitrogen‐fixing fern Azolla has a complex microbiome characterized by varying degrees of cophylogenetic signal
Authors: Song Michael J. , Freund Forrest , Tribble Carrie M. , Toffelmier Erin , Miller Courtney , Bradley Shaffer H. , Li Fay‐Wei , Rothfels Carl J.
Published: February 2025

Premise

Azolla is a genus of floating ferns that has closely evolved with a vertically transmitted obligate cyanobacterium endosymbiont—Anabaena azollae—that fixes nitrogen. There are also other lesser‐known Azolla symbionts whose role and mode of transmission are unknown.

Methods

We sequenced 112 Azolla specimens collected across the state of California and characterized their metagenomes to identify the common bacterial endosymbionts and assess their patterns of interaction.

Results

Four genera were found across all samples, establishing that multiple Azolla endosymbionts were consistently present. We found varying degrees of cophylogenetic signal across these taxa as well as varying degrees of isolation by distance and of pseudogenation, which demonstrates that multiple processes underlie how this endosymbiotic community is constituted. We also characterized the entire Azolla leaf pocket microbiome.

Conclusions

These results show that the Azolla symbiotic community is complex and features members at potentially different stages of symbiosis evolution, further supporting the utility of the Azolla microcosm as a system for studying the evolution of symbioses.
Cholinergic degeneration and early cognitive signs in prodromal Lewy body dementia
Authors: Woo Kyung Ah , Kim Heejung , Kim Ryul , Jin Bora , Shin Jung Hwan , Kim Seoyeon , Kim Yu Kyeong , Nam Hyunwoo , Jeon Beomseok , Lee Jee‐Young
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a strong prodromal marker of Lewy body diseases (LBDs) – Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Cholinergic loss is linked to cognitive decline in these conditions, but its trajectory remains unclear.

METHODS

In a cohort of 92 iRBD participants with baseline MRI, cholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) volume was measured, with longitudinal changes analyzed in 49 with follow‐up scans. Cross‐sectional neuropsychological associations were examined across a broader RBD–LBD continuum, including the iRBD cohort plus 65 PD and 15 DLB patients with probable RBD.

RESULTS

cBF volume declined at comparable rates in iRBD‐to‐PD and iRBD‐to‐DLB converters, but atrophy was more severe at DLB phenoconversion. cBF atrophy correlated with attention, executive, and memory deficits. In iRBD, baseline cBF z‐score < −1.0 predicted dementia (hazard ratio = 9.57, p = .009).

CONCLUSION

cBF degeneration evolves from the prodromal iRBD stage of LBDs and predicts dementia, highlighting a window for cholinergic‐targeted intervention.

Highlights

Basal forebrain links to attention, executive function, and memory in the RBD continuum.

Basal forebrain atrophy progresses at similar rates in prodromal PD and prodromal DLB.

At phenoconversion, basal forebrain atrophy is greater in DLB than in PD converters.

Basal forebrain atrophy strongly predicts future dementia in iRBD.

Executive dysfunction predicts faster basal forebrain degeneration in iRBD.
Nanofabrication via SEM Electron‐beam Stimulated Suzuki‐Miyura Type Reaction: Fingerprints of Carbazole Derivative Revealed by Synchrotron‐IR Nanospectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ximenes Matheus Costa , de Souza Tomaso Luiz Phelipe , Zanetti Igor , dos Reis Amanda Beatriz Silva Quirgo , Júnior Eustáquio de Souza Baêta , dos Santos Aguilera Leticia , Peripolli Suzana Bottega , Alves Macedo Lucyano Jefferson , de Oliveira Freitas Raul , Brum Malta Luiz Fernando , de Campos José Brant , Senra Jaqueline Dias
Published: February 2025

Carbazole‐based compounds have demonstrated interesting physical and chemical properties for OLED devices. 3,6‐diphenylcarbazole has a direct application in the composition of structures with potential to suppress the loss of efficiency under high luminance conditions along with its use in the emitting layer. In this study, we reveal and explore the conditions in which a triggered electron beams (e‐beams) solid state Suzuki‐Miyaura type reaction between 3,6‐diiodocarbazole and phenylboronic acid could be carried out. Applying typical SEM acceleration voltage (30 keV), sufficient energy transfer enabled the activation of the reaction. Synchrotron Infrared Nano Spectroscopy (SINS) was used to acquire nanoscale molecular vibrational spectra and compare with conventional FTIR absorption spectra for chemical characterization. Evidences obtained by mass spectrometry confirmed the formation of the 3,6‐diphenyl‐9H‐carbazole under higher e‐beam dose (30 keV, 10 minutes), when compared to 5 and 10 keV. In addition, the phenylboronic acid seems to have a role in the reaction outcome. Both samples irradiated in the presence and in the absence of palladium exhibited the fingerprints of the expected product 3,6‐diphenylcarbazole shedding light on possible alternative mechanisms and the straightforward construction of nanodevices.
Super‐Assembled Lamellar Conductive Heterochannels with Optical‐Electrical Coupling Sensitivity for Smart Ion Transport
Authors: Guo Yaxin , Zhang Xin , Zhou Shan , Liang Qirui , Zeng Hui , Xu Yeqing , Awati Abuduheiremu , Liang Kang , Zhu Dazhang , Liu Mingxian , Jiang Lei , Kong Biao
Published: February 2025

Artificial nanofluidic devices for light‐driven ion transport in biological systems based on the photoelectric effect have attracted extensive attention in signal transduction and smart ion transport. However, effective separation of photogenerated carriers in traditional p‐n junction interface can be hindered by energy band structure of different semiconductor materials. Here, we present a novel approach using conductive polypyrrole (PPy) to modify GO, creating polypyrrole‐graphene oxide (PyGO) functional lamellar conductive nanochannels with tailored channel‐sized gradients and inherent optical‐electrical coupling sensitivity via a facile super‐assembly strategy. This design facilitates the PyGO own conductive lamellar channels and efficient separation of photogenerated carriers, resulting in significantly enhanced selective ion transport behavior. Coupling the conductivity and photosensitivity of PPy contributes to a peak power density of 14.1 W m‐2 under a salinity differential of 0.5/0.01 M NaCl, which is 35.6% higher than that under dark conditions. Additionally, combing the salinity gradients with optical‐electrical coupling sensitivity of the nanofludic devices, we demonstrate the application of PyGO in a real‐time detection device for monitoring ion concentrations in nutrient solutions, paving the way for smart irrigation systems in agriculture. This work presents a novel and effective strategy for light‐driven ion transport with potential applications in energy conversion and beyond.
Elucidating the Boundary of Intercalation vs. Sequestration in Supramolecular Polymers by Retrosynthetic Design Towards the Construction of Complex Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Bäumer Nils , Ogi Soichiro , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: February 2025

Controlled social self‐sorting by intercalation can offer distinct properties at the supramolecular level that go beyond the sum of its parts. Likewise, controlling narcissistic self‐sorting by sequestration can induce unique system properties such as dilution‐induced self‐assembly. In contrast, the interface between the two extreme cases has hitherto remained underexplored and clear design rules remain elusive. Herein we demonstrate that by fine‐tuning the molecular similarity of supramolecular synthons in a complex system, intricate control over concerted supramolecular equilibria can be achieved. By reducing the molecular similarity, a former intercalator can be tuned to become a strong or weak sequestrator. Understanding these roles in binary mixtures allows us to rationalize more complex tertiary systems. Consequently, we show here in‐depth the influence of an uncommon dual sequestration mechanism. Further, an unprecedented hybrid mechanism between supramolecular intercalation and sequestration could be demonstrated. We are hopeful that the results presented herein will contribute to the development and understanding of concerted processes in complex supramolecular systems.
6H‐Intermediate Phase Enabled Slow Crystal Growth of Tin Halide Perovskites for Indoor Photovoltaics
Authors: Abdel-Shakour Muhammad , Wang Junfang , Huang Junjie , Gao Zhen , Pan Yongle , Meng Xiangyue
Published: February 2025

The rapid expansion of Big Data and Internet of Things (IoT) has driven significant advancements in indoor photovoltaics (IPVs), which provide power to wireless IoT devices. Tin halide perovskites (THPs) have garnered significant attention for IPVs due to their excellent optoelectronic properties without the environmental risks of lead exposure. However, THPs face challenges in controlling their fast crystallization process. Here, we introduce a novel approach to precisely control the crystallization kinetics of FASnI2Br perovskite via the formation of the 6H‐intermediate phase, supported by the mesomeric (+M) interaction effect of 4‐aminopyridine hydrochloride (4APCl) in the perovskite precursor. The grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements indicated the formation of 6H‐intermediate phase for the FASnI2Br‐4APCl perovskite during the crystallization process. The in‐situ ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectroscopy during the spin coating and annealing process confirmed the reduction of crystal growth rate after the 6H‐intermediate phase formation. Thus, high‐quality perovskite films were obtained with reduced defects. The resulting IPVs achieved an efficiency of 21.55% under indoor illumination at 1000 lux, exceeding all types of lead‐free perovskite IPVs.
Green Approach for the Large‐Scale Synthesis of a Metal–Organic Framework Derived From Perylene and Copper: A Fluorometric Sensor for Sm (III)
Authors: Anand Samika , Kumar Abhishek , Sunajadevi Kalathiparambil Rajendra Pai , Yelamaggad Channabasaveshwar V.
Published: February 2025

The detection of samarium (Sm) and its isotopes/ions is gaining significant importance across various fields, including nuclear energy, materials science, environmental monitoring, and biomedicine. Accurate and sensitive detection methods are crucial for ensuring safety, quality control, and compliance with regulatory standards. Despite the growing need, existing detection strategies often face challenges such as being time‐consuming, inaccurate, cumbersome, and expensive. Surprisingly, fluorometric sensing has been explored minimally for Sm detection. In this study, we introduce a novel approach for detecting Sm (III) ions using a fluorescent metal–organic framework (MOF), Cu‐PTC, synthesized via a one‐pot, green, room temperature method. This represents the first reported use of a fluorescent MOF for Sm (III) detection. The Cu‐PTC MOF was synthesized using the potassium salt of perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid and Cu (II) ions from Cu (OAc)2. Structural analysis revealed the formation of a 3D network with well‐defined pores. Photophysical characterization confirmed the absorption and emission properties of Cu‐PTC. The MOF was successfully employed for the selective detection of Sm (III) ions, with a detection limit of 6.53 μM.
Enhanced Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of the Silicone Rubber Foam With Low Loading of Modified Expandable Graphite
Authors: Lin Tao , Shang Ke , Lin Gui‐De , Yang Jin‐Jun , Wang Jun‐Sheng
Published: February 2025

The flame‐retardant silicone rubber foam (SRF) composites were prepared by adding a low loading of expandable graphite modified with γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane (EG@KH560). The EG@KH560 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, the effects of EG@KH560 on the micromorphology, flame retardancy, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and combustion behavior of SRF/EG@KH560 composites were investigated. The results show that the compatibility between EG@KH560 and the SRF substrate was significantly improved, thereby reducing the deterioration of tensile and compressive strength in the composites. The composite containing only 2 parts EG@KH560 per hundred parts of the base polymer (2 phr) exhibited excellent flame‐retardant performance, which can pass the FV‐0 rating during the vertical combustion test with a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.2. The thermal stability of the composite was also enhanced, as evidenced by a notable increase in the maximum thermal decomposition temperature and the residues at 900°C. Moreover, the total heat release and total smoke release of SRF containing 2 phr EG@KH560 were reduced by 13.1% and 61.0% compared with pure SRF in the cone calorimetry test, indicating a significant improvement in fire safety for the composite with the addition of EG@KH560.
Room Temperature Phosphorescence Driven by Mechanochromism
Authors: Misra Rajneesh , Gavale Ramakant , Pandit Sandeep Kumar
Published: February 2025

Molecules exhibiting phosphorescence emission, with variation in its emission wavelength or intensity upon external mechanical force, are known as a phosphorescent mechanochromic materials (PMC). This review focuses on the development of organic mechanophosphorescent molecules and their emission in response to a mechanical stimulus, which can be used as smart materials in the field of luminescent switches, mechanosensors, security papers, data storage, and biological applications. In addition, the review provides clear understanding of underlying mechanism, exploring how the intermolecular interactions, crystal packing and suitable molecular design facilitate the RTP enhancement. The disruption of intermolecular interactions or crystal packing by external stimuli such as mechanical force, results in either RTP on/off or after glow intensity change. In the present review, the recent progress in the organic mechano‐phosphorescent molecules have been highlighted along with mechanism and molecular design.
Bilingualism Effects in Metaphor and Simile Comprehension and Production in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Andreou Maria , Lampri Stella , Marinis Theodoros , Peristeri Eleni
Published: February 2025

Figurative language, including metaphors and similes, is a crucial component of communication; yet, it presents significant challenges for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A critical gap in existing research is the impact of bilingualism on the ability of children with ASD to understand and produce non‐literal speech. This study addresses this gap by examining the comprehension and production of metaphors and similes in monolingual and bilingual Greek‐speaking children with high‐functioning ASD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate these abilities in bilingual children with ASD. Thirty‐three monolingual and 18 bilingual children participated in tasks designed to assess comprehension, production, and error patterns for metaphors and similes. The study has also investigated the roles of non‐verbal intelligence, language skills (expressive vocabulary), and executive functions (working memory) in the children's performance in the metaphor and simile tasks. Results showed that the two groups did not differ in metaphor comprehension; however, bilingual autistic children with higher non‐verbal intelligence appeared to have superior performance in metaphor comprehension compared to their bilingual peers with lower non‐verbal intelligence. The bilingual autistic children outperformed their monolingual peers in metaphor production, likely due to their higher non‐verbal intelligence ability, despite the fact that the bilingual group had lower expressive vocabulary scores than the monolingual children. Simile comprehension, on the other hand, favored monolingual children, while no significant group differences were observed in simile production. Regarding errors, both groups exhibited similar error patterns, with literal interpretations being the dominant error type across both groups, suggesting that pragmatic language difficulty is a hallmark feature in ASD. The findings challenge the misconception that bilingualism hinders language development in children with ASD and highlight its potential to provide benefits in the realm of non‐literal language processing.
Metabolite Profiling and Toxicity, Antioxidant, and Anti‐tumor Evaluation of Micromeria biflora Aerial Parts Extract Combined with ADMET Prediction and Molecular Docking Analysis
Authors: AL-Samawi Al-Harith Mohammed , El-Shaibany Amina , Abdelkhalek Ahmed S. , Alburyhi Mahmoud Mahyoob , Elaasser Mahmoud M. , Raslan Ali E.
Published: February 2025

Micromeria biflora is widely used traditionally for various disorders, such as wounds, nosebleeds, and sinusitis. The study was conducted to investigate the chemical and pharmacological proprties of M. biflora aerial parts. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis revealed the presence of 84 components in M. biflora total methanolic extract (MBTME). The toxicity study showed no morbidity and/or mortality at the tested concentrations. The estimated LD50 value of MBTME was greater than 3 g/kg b.w. MBTME exhibited significant 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and increased reducing power in the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay with the elevation in concentration. MBTME demonstrated significant anticancer efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG‐2), colon carcinoma (HCT‐116), and intestinal carcinoma (Caco‐2) cell lines with IC50 values of 23.14 ± 2.92, 28.22 ± 3.07, and 18.70 ± 3.36 μg/mL, respectively. Histological examination revealed substantial morphological changes consistent with the observation associated with the apoptotic mechanism of action. The molecular docking study provided insights into the rational binding modes of the identified compounds with poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) and tyrosinase. In‐silico ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) properties predictions found that most of the identified compounds exhibited low toxic effects and good absorption and solubility properties.
Bio‐inspired In Situ Tuning of the Hydrophobic Environment Around Catalytically Active Organic Ligand‐Stabilized Ruthenium Nanoparticles
Authors: Abu Sufyan Sayed , Oblad Paul F. , van Devener Brian , Perez Jesus Paulo L. , Dousti Ahmad , Shiri Samira , Nigra Michael
Published: February 2025

The organic ligand environment surrounding enzymatic and homogeneous catalytic active sites often determines catalytic activity. Ruthenium nanoparticles, ≤ 1 nm in diameter, are synthesized using monodentate thiol, monodentate phosphine, and bidentate bisphosphine ligands. Even though some of the ruthenium surface is blocked by the ligands, catalytic activity is still observed for CO oxidation and H2O2 decomposition. All three ligand‐stabilized ruthenium nanoparticles have similar CO oxidation rates; however, the bisphosphine‐stabilized Ru nanoparticles are approximately 2.5 times less active than the monothiol‐stabilized and monophosphine‐stabilized ruthenium nanoparticles for H2O2 decomposition. It is observed that the organic ligand environment is modulated in situ during nanoparticle synthesis via partial oxidation of the bisphosphine as confirmed by 31P NMR measurements. We hypothesize that bisphosphine‐bound Ru nanoparticles consist of a Ru core with some of the ligands bound in a monodentate manner where the other P atom is oxidized and not bound to the Ru surface leading to a thicker hydrophobic layer around the Ru nanoparticles. The increase in hydrophobicity is confirmed via contact angle and zeta potential measurements. H2O2 decomposition rates are known to decrease with increasing hydrophobicity, and this work illustrates a pathway for increasing hydrophobicity in situ using ligand‐bound metallic nanoparticles.
Controlled pyrolysis of bromine‐modulated metal‐organic framework for solvent‐free and co‐catalyst‐free cycloaddition of CO2
Authors: Li Zheyue , Zhang Jing , Sang Shuaikang , Gong Wanbing , Li Jiayi , Hu Chuansheng , Wang Chengming , Zhou Min , Long Ran , Xiong Yujie
Published: February 2025

The cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to synthesize cyclic carbonates is a crucial but challenging process. In particular, the co‐catalyst required for higher yields in this reaction inevitably dissolves in organic solvents, resulting in product impurities and solvent‐related hazards. Therefore, a heterogeneous catalyst that delivers high yields under solvent‐free and co‐catalyst‐free conditions is highly desirable. In this study, we propose a controlled pyrolysis strategy to develop a metal‐organic framework‐derived catalyst that innovatively incorporates bromine via a C–Br bond. EXAFS, FT‐IR and XPS analyses reveal the co‐presence of unsaturated Zn sites and C–Br bonds, which act as acid and base sites, respectively. The synergy between these sites prevents bromine leakage and facilitates the ring‐opening of epoxides, thereby overcoming the barriers in the cycloaddition reaction. As a result, this catalyst achieves superior catalytic performance with over 99% yield of propylene carbonates under solvent‐free and co‐catalyst‐free conditions. The resulting propylene carbonate can be used directly as an electrolyte in battery applications without further purification. This work provides valuable insights into the modular design of heterogeneous catalysts for solvent‐free and co‐catalyst‐free CO2 cycloaddition reactions.
Efficient Parallel Algorithm for Approximating Betweenness Centrality Values of Top k Nodes in Large Graphs
Authors: Toroslu Ismail H. , Suleymanli Gadir
Published: February 2025

Computing betweenness centrality (BC) in large graphs is crucial for various applications, including telecommunications, social, and biological networks. However, the huge size of the data presents significant challenges. In this paper, we introduce a novel approximate approach for efficiently extracting top k BC nodes by combining the Louvain community detection algorithm with Brandes' algorithm. Our method significantly enhances the runtime efficiency of the traditional Brandes' algorithm while preserving accuracy across both synthetic and real‐world datasets. Additionally, our approach is suitable for parallelization, further improving its efficiency. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our method for large and sparse graphs.
Differences in Tooth Development in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Schwarting Marie , Wehrbein Heinrich , Schmidtmann Irene , Erbe Christina , Wriedt Susanne
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate tooth development in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA).

Material and Methods

A retrospective case–control study was carried out; 180 panoramic radiographs (OPGs) from non‐syndromic patients (160 UCLP, 20 UCLA) treated at the University Medical Center Mainz (2019–2022) were analyzed. Patients were matched to a control group by calendar age, gender, and ethnicity. Inclusion criteria were verified through clinical data, photographs, and radiographs. No follow‐up was conducted for this study.

Results

The cleft group showed a significantly lower dental age compared to the control group (10.72 ± 2.65 vs. 11.41 ± 2.79; p = 0.017), with a mean difference of 0.69 years (95% CI: 0.13–1.25 years). Tooth development was slower on the cleft side (p = 0.001), and maxillary teeth lagged behind mandibular teeth (p < 0.001). The difference in the control group was somewhat smaller, with a mean difference of 0.11 degrees of mineralization in the control group compared to 0.25 degrees of mineralization in the cleft group. In UCLP patients, significant mineralization differences were noted for the lateral incisors (p = 0.004), the central incisor (p = 0.047), and canine (p = 0.030).

Conclusions

Patients with unilateral clefts show delayed tooth development and dental age, particularly in the affected quadrant. In everyday treatment, attention should be paid to a later start of orthodontic tooth movement to avoid damaging the slower developing roots.
Research on the Four‐Quadrant Operating Mechanism of a Hybrid Excitation Generator With Magnetic Field Modulation and the Power Distribution Ratio Between Permanent Magnet and Magnetic Field Modulation
Authors: Cao Zhenghao , Zhao Chaohui , Gao Hangyu
Published: February 2025

The hybrid excitation generators combine the advantages of permanent magnet generators (PMGs) and electrically excited generators (EEGs), offering significant potential for power generation systems. However, there has been little research on the operational on the operational mechanisms of the excitation current If and the excitation voltage Uf with constant output voltage and the ratio of the magnetic field modulation power PFM to the permanent magnet power PPM. This study uses a tangential concentrated magnetic parallel structure hybrid excitation generator as an example to construct a field‐circuit coupled power generation system model. The working principle, voltage phase diagram, and loss calculations are detailed, and the four‐quadrant operation mechanism of the field modulation magnetic part (FMMP) is examined. The magnitudes of PFM/PPM and power generation efficiency under different load types are analyzed for both no‐load and rated voltage scenarios. Based on the no‐load voltage, simulation results show that the FMMP operates under resistive and inductive loads in the first quadrant. In contrast it operates in the third quadrant under capacitive loads. The PFM/PPM ratio reaches its highest value, with an average of approximately 0.018. Resistive and inductive loads achieve power generation efficiencies of up to 97.75% and 98.09%, respectively, whereas capacitive loads exhibit efficiencies ranging from 64.88% to 56.57%, with a maximum efficiency of 75.56%. Based on the rated voltage, the FMMP operates in the first, second, and third quadrants under resistive loads, in the first, third, and fourth quadrants under inductive loads, and in the third quadrant under capacitive loads. The PFM/PPM ratio reaches its highest value, averaging approximately 0.027. The maximum power generation efficiency is 93.73% for resistive loads, 94.14% for inductive loads, and 72.16% for capacitive loads. This indicates that the generator's voltage stability can be maintained with a relatively small excitation current, but the characteristics of different loads significantly impact generation efficiency and power distribution.
New Chlorophenyl Dioxo‐Imidazolidines for Bacterial Biofilm
Authors: Samy Shanmugha , Alagumuthu Manikandan , Yalamaddi Ooha Dharani , Dangate Milind Shrinivas
Published: February 2025

Biofilm is a “growing” problem and needs effective remedial agents. Here we report novel methyl 4‐((4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2,5‐dioxoimidazolidin‐1‐yl) methyl) benzoate derivatives (5a‐l) as antibiofilm and antimicrobial agents evaluated with both in silico and in vitro techniques. When it comes to Gram‐positive bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 737), MRSA and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MTCC 1936), and Gram‐negative bacterial strains like Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424) and Escherichia coli (MTCC 443), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC), and anti‐biofilm activity were measured. Out of all the compounds (5a‐l), 5b and 5d showed no toxicity to mammalian cells and were equally active against various Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria at low concentrations (MIC: 0.1–9.5 µg/mL). Compounds 5b and 5d were also validated for the DNA gyrase inhibition potential as an antimicrobial mechanism of action in vitro. These compounds showed high level DNA gyrase inhibition potentials (IC50 0.025 µM, ≥ 98 relative % activity and 0.24 µM, ≥ 94 relative % activity respectively. In the end, we have identified 5b and 5d as most effective among 5a‐l and are considered for further preclinical studies.
Workplace Drug Testing—Prevalence of Positive Test Results, Most Common Substances, and Importance of Medical Review
Authors: Helander Anders , Sparring Fredrik
Published: February 2025

Recent data indicate that the use of controlled substances is increasing in working life, which can negatively affect work environment, performance, and safety. Many employers have an alcohol and drug policy that describes routines for preventive measures and early detection of illicit drug use. This often includes drug tests that provide objective information about recent use, and can be done routinely, randomly, and on suspicion. For some substances, however, a positive drug test may also result from prescription as medicine. Controlled substances that are abused and prescribed include amphetamines (ADHD medication), benzodiazepines and opiates. In a 2023 study of 23,900 urine and oral fluid drug test results from Swedish workplaces, 4.6% tested positive for one or more controlled substances. Most samples were collected in connection with random testing (40%) and new employment (36%), whereas the highest proportions of drug‐positive samples were observed in cases related to accidents or incidents, or on suspicion of drug use. The highest percentage of positive random drug tests was recorded in the construction sector. The most common substances were cannabis (> 40% of cases), amphetamine (> 20%), and cocaine and benzodiazepines (> 10% each). However, many samples containing opiates (71% of cases), amphetamine (63%) and benzodiazepines (44%) were verified by a specialist trained Medical Review Officer (MRO) to be due to medical prescription, while those containing cannabis or cocaine were almost entirely due to illicit drug use. Considering the potentially negative consequences of a positive drug test in working life, an MRO should verify the results before they become final.
Experimental and constitutive modeling investigations on marble in Jinping Underground Laboratory
Authors: Wang Susheng , Zhang Qiang , Luo Hao , Lin Zhinan
Published: February 2025

The Jinping Underground Laboratory is the deepest and largest underground laboratory in the world, with a maximum buried depth of approximately 2400 m. The objective is to study the brittle‐ductile transition of marble through a combination of experimental research and constitutive modeling. Triaxial compression and triaxial cyclic loading tests are initially conducted to explore the accumulation of pre‐peak plastic strain and the deterioration of stiffness of the marble. Then, a specific constitutive model is developed to accurately reflect the pre‐peak plastic hardening and post‐peak strain softening behaviors based on the deformation and failure mechanism of the marble. The incremental constitutive relationship of the proposed model is subsequently derived in detail, and the model parameters are calibrated using data obtained from the test results. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is assessed by comparing its results with the experimental results of the marble. The findings show that the proposed model accurately predicts the behavior of the marble, and its results are in good agreement with the test data.
A Useful and Timely Proposal to Amend Diagnostic Criteria for ARFID: Commentary on Zickgraf et al. (2025)
Authors: Attia Evelyn , Walsh B. Timothy
Published: February 2025

Diagnostic criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) were introduced in DSM‐5 in 2013. In the ensuing years, substantial research has clarified the clinical characteristics, complications, and possible treatments for individuals with ARFID. On the basis of this emerging knowledge, in the current issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders, Zickgraf et al. usefully propose a revision of the diagnostic criteria. The proposed revisions would bring the structure of the criteria more in line with the criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge‐eating disorder. Zickgraf et al. also propose that ARFID could be diagnosed in the presence of another eating disorder, thereby differing from the current nosological hierarchy for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge‐eating disorder. Zickgraf et al. have done our field a significant service with their thoughtful proposal. Research is now needed to evaluate the performance of the suggested criteria.
Branched‐Chain Fatty Acids Based On Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Phenolics
Authors: Ngo Helen , Wagner Karen , Cermak Steven , Fan Xuetong , Kazem‐Rostami Masoud , Sarker Majher I. , Ryu Victor , Elkasabi Yaseen
Published: February 2025

Demand for bio‐based petrochemicals has increased across all product types. Included are phenolic compounds and their derivatized products. Thermochemical conversion, especially pyrolysis, offers one of the strongest opportunities for producing advanced biofuels and phenols. Previous work showed that various unsaturated fatty acids (soybean, brown grease, safflower [SF]) can react with phenol across the fatty acid double bond(s) via the branched‐chain fatty acid (BCFA) synthesis. Although phenolic BCFAs offer a gateway toward bio‐based antimicrobial coatings, the phenolic component has remained dependent on fossil‐derived phenol. We have closed this gap by incorporating refined biophenolics fraction from pyrolysis in the BCFA synthesis. Pyrolysis‐derived phenols are incorporated in the synthesis, thus making the biophenolic BCFA fully biorenewable. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of switchgrass produced bio‐oils with sufficiently high concentrations of phenol and cresols (biophenolics). These one‐ring biophenolics were extracted and redistilled, yielding a fraction of >75 wt% phenols. SF and pennycress (PC) oils were hydrolyzed and subsequently functionalized with biophenolics using a ferrierite zeolite catalyst. Excess biophenolics were removed using molecular distillation. Yields of biophenolic BCFAs ranged from 63% to 76%. Antimicrobial tests show activities against strains of Listeria bacteria.

Practical Application: This work significantly increases the utilization of chemicals isolated from biomass fast pyrolysis oils. We also expect that these findings will accelerate incorporation of green methods for antibacterial coatings in clinical applications.
Effect of Daily Social Media Use on Smartphones Before Training on Attack Efficiency and Repeated Vertical Jump Ability in Young Male Volleyball Players: A Randomized and Crossover Trial
Authors: Freitas‐Junior Carlos , Nakamura Fabio , Costa Yago , Batista Gilmário , Fortes Leonardo
Published: February 2025

This investigation observed the repeated effect of using social media on smartphones immediately before training sessions on attack efficiency (AE) and repeat‐vertical jumping ability (RVJA) in young volleyball athletes. A crossover study involved 14 volleyball athletes (17.57 ± 0.65 years of age). For three weeks, the athletes participated in their training routines under two experimental conditions: using social media (SMA) and watching documentaries (DOC), both for 30 min before the training sessions. Before and after the three weeks, the athletes had their AE and RVJA evaluated. The AE test consisted of performing 6 attacks, with the total score obtained by adding the product of the score and the speed of each attempt. RVJA was assessed using the intermittent vertical jump test of four sets of 15 s (IJT60), with the average heights of the best series of 15 s (Hpeak) and the total time (Hmean) used for analysis. The visual analog scale revealed an increase in subjective mental fatigue for both conditions (p < 0.05), with SMA having higher levels compared to DOC (p = 0.02). There were improvements in AE for DOC compared to SMA (p = 0.03). No differences were found between the experimental conditions for Hpeak and Hmean. The results demonstrated that using social media on smartphones immediately before training sessions caused mental fatigue and impaired AE in young volleyball athletes.
Potential Demand Forecasting for Steel Products in Spot Markets Using a Hybrid SARIMA‐LSSVM Approach
Authors: Huang Junting , Meng Ying , Xiao Min , Liu Chang , Dong Yun
Published: February 2025

Compared to make‐to‐order production based on customer order, make‐to‐stock based on forecast can effectively reduce inventory level and production cost. However, due to high randomness of spot markets and many uncertainties in production environments, it is hard to forecast the products accurately. In this article, a hybrid model combining seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and least square support vector machines (LSSVMs) is proposed to forecast the potential demand of steel products. First, the SARIMA based on a multiobjective differential evolution with improved mutation strategies is developed to extract linear components of the potential demand. Then, a sparse strategy is designed to extract useful data and hence reduce computation complexity without loss of accuracy. Next, the LSSVMs combined with a single‐objective differential evolution are adopted to extract nonlinear components of the potential demand. Finally, the experimental results on a real‐world instance demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.
Pregnancy and the Risk for Cancer in Neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Kallionpää Roope A. , Määttänen Juha , Leppävirta Jussi , Peltonen Sirkku , Peltonen Juha
Published: February 2025

Background

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with a high risk for cancer. Benign cutaneous neurofibromas of women with NF1 may increase in size and number during pregnancy. However, it is not known whether pregnancy affects the risk for cancer in NF1.

Methods

We retrieved the pregnancies of women in the Finnish NF1 cohort and in a 10‐fold control cohort from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Cancers occurring during or after pregnancy were obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry and summarized using standardized incidence ratio (SIR). The cancer incidence of nonNF1 mothers of individuals with NF1 was also estimated.

Results

Totals of 263 pregnancies in 136 women with NF1 and 3176 pregnancies in 1720 controls were observed. In the NF1 group, two cancers were identified during pregnancy and the year following the delivery (SIR 6.44, 95% CI 1.07–19.89). Among controls, the SIR was markedly lower (0.25, 95% CI 0.01–1.08). Within 1–10 years after pregnancy, the SIR of women with NF1 was 7.54 (95% CI 4.15–12.41). The SIR of women with NF1 aged 20–49 years, and without a known history of deliveries was 8.63 (95% CI 6.08–11.81). The nonNF1 mothers displayed a SIR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.66–1.00) after giving birth to a child with NF1.

Conclusions

The pregnancy‐related cancer incidence in women with NF1 is similar to women with NF1 aged 20–49 years overall, although notably higher than in the general population. Giving birth to a child with NF1 does not affect the risk for cancer in women without NF1.
Thermoresponsive Nanocarriers Transduced by Inorganic Nanoparticles: Design Considerations and Applications in Drug Delivery
Authors: Nikoletić Anamarija , Maleković Mirela , Kozalak Gül , Palivan Cornelia G. , Tagit Oya
Published: February 2025

Thermoresponsive polymers, which undergo phase transitions within physiologically tolerated temperatures, are key to developing drug delivery systems (DDS) with precise spatial and temporal control, potentially addressing challenges associated with the treatment of complex diseases. Inorganic nanoparticles with unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties serve as efficient transducers, converting external stimuli into localized heat to trigger thermoresponsive nanocarriers. This review explores the design and application of thermoresponsive nanocarriers transduced by inorganic nanoparticles as DDS. Following a brief description of temperature‐triggered phase transition of polymers and heat generation mechanisms by inorganic nanoparticles, strategies to integrate these components into hybrid systems are described. Examples demonstrating the utility of these hybrid systems as advanced DDS are discussed, highlighting their potential for precise drug release alongside theranostic capabilities by combining therapy with imaging. Despite the challenges in design, synthesis, and biological applications, thermoresponsive polymer‐inorganic hybrids hold immense promise for transforming drug delivery and biomedical innovations.
Transition to Agroecological Practices: Positive Effects on Streams and Biofilms
Authors: Mujica Micaela A. , De Gerónimo Eduardo , Gelis María Mercedes Nicolosi , Pecile Maria Agostina , del Puerto Juan Martin Paredes , Mosca Agustin , Fanelli Silvia L. , Jensen Roberto , Cordero Tomas , Paracampo Ariel H. , Cochero Joaquin
Published: February 2025

Transformations in agricultural practices, particularly regarding chemical inputs such as pesticides, affect physical and chemical characteristics and biotic communities of streams. Currently, many conventional production systems are transitioning to economically and environmentally more sustainable production, which aims to reduce the use of synthetic inputs. However, it remains unclear whether agroecological practices positively impact the environment. Here, we compared physical and chemical characteristics and the toxicity of sediments from streams in areas of conventional and agroecological transition horticultural practices as well as reference areas. Additionally, the effects of horticultural practices on stream biofilms were assessed in 7‐day bioassays, measuring chlorophyll‐a, extracellular polymeric substance concentrations, ash‐free dry weight, and diatom motility. In areas with conventional horticulture, pesticides were more frequent and had higher concentrations than in areas with agroecological horticulture. This was reflected in biofilms, with lower algal biomass and higher diatom cell motility under conventional horticulture. Our study suggested that the transition to agroecological practices, even in the early stages, had positive effects on aquatic ecosystems, and we found similarities in pesticide use and biological characteristics between sites with agroecological horticulture and less‐impact sites, for example, grasslands sites. This study reports and integrates the effects of a complex mixture of contaminants used in intensive horticulture, providing a more realistic assessment of their environmental consequences.
Assessment of the Cytotoxicity Mechanism of Diazinon on HFFF2 Cells: A Bioinformatic and Experimental Study
Authors: Sarailoo Mehdi , Asghariazar Vahid , Seifimansour Sina , Kadkhodayi Mahtab , Zare Erfan , Vajdi Parnia , Vostakolaei Mehdi Asghari
Published: February 2025

Pesticide exposure can cause many skin diseases such as hypopigmentation and contact dermatitis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Furthermore, Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) including Diazinon (DZN) can affect cellular pathways like ATPase, leading to mitochondrial energy deficit and even apoptosis in the cell's functions. Following cell exposure to the OP pesticide DZN through treatment, we evaluated alteration in gene expression and DNA damage. Bioinformatic analysis was performed based on the AutoDock, Protein Data Bank, STRING, Way2Drug, and Comparative Toxicogenomics databases and tools. The MTT assay, wound healing, DAPI staining, flow cytometry, and real‐time PCR were applied in the current study. The results showed that the viability and migration capacity of HFFF2 cells decreased, and the apoptosis rate increased in the DZN‐treated group. These findings revealed that DZN regulated the expression of the apoptotic genes in DZN cells.
HOXA10‐AS Enhances Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion via the p38 MAPK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hu Yu , Zhang Ying , Ding Meng , Xu Ruisi
Published: February 2025

Gastric cancer (GC) represents a major global health concern, with over 1 million new cases diagnosed annually worldwide. Emerging studies have highlighted the significant correlation between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the progression of GC. The objective of the current study is to investigate the roles and mechanism of lncRNA homeobox A10 antisense RNA (HOXA10‐AS) in modulating malignant properties of GC cells. RT‐qPCR was employed to detect HOXA10‐AS expression in GC cells or human normal gastric epithelium cells. The cellular localization of HOXA10‐AS and mRNA HOXA10 were detected using RNA fractionation assays. Colony forming assays and Transwell assays were performed to assess the proliferative, invasive, and migratory capabilities of GC cells. Western blot analysis was used to determine protein levels of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in GC cells. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pulldown assays and luciferase assays were conducted to explore gene interaction. As shown by experimental results, HOXA10‐AS showed high expression in GC cells. The silencing of HOXA10‐AS led to weakened proliferative, invasive, and migratory abilities of GC cells, as well as inhibition of the EMT process. Moreover, HOXA10‐AS positively regulated HOXA10 expression by interacting with miR‐29a/b/c‐3p. Additionally, overexpression of HOXA10 counteracted the repressive impacts on malignant cellular process caused by the knockdown of HOXA10‐AS. Furthermore, HOXA10‐AS activated the p38 MAPK/STAT3 signaling pathway via upregulation of HOXA10. In conclusion, HOXA10‐AS upregulates HOXA10 expression through interaction with miR‐29a/b/c‐3p. The resultant increase in HOXA10 expression activates the p38 MAPK/STAT3 signaling, thereby promoting GC cell growth, migration, invasion, and EMT process.