bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIFFUSE PAPILLOMATOSIS OF THE GALLBLADDER COMPLICATED WITH TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Nakajo Susumu , Yamamoto Masami , Urushihara Takashi , Kajitani Takashi , Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

A rare case of diffuse papillomatosis of the gallbladder complicated with tuberculosis is reported. The mucosa of the gallbladder displayed a diffuse papillary pattern composed of excrescences that varied in size and height. The proliferative glands contained many Paneth cells, and the diffuse papillomatosis appeared to be derived from metaplastic‐type epithelium. Tuberculous granulomas were observed in the serous layer of the gallbladder. The relationship between diffuse papillomatosis and tuberculosis of the gallbladder is discussed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1473–1480, 1988.
CARDIAC HAMARTOMA: A Case Report
Authors: Tanimura Akira , Kato Masahiro , Morimatsu Minoru
Published: December 2008

A case of cardiac hamartoma, incidentally found at autopsy, is described. The tumor was a protruded polypoid lesion located at the apex of the heart and was demarcated from the pericardial tissue. Microscopically this tumor was composed of dense collagenous tissue, mature adiposed tissue and proliferated blood vessels, intermingled with cardiac muscle cells, the latter being hypertro‐phic and disarrayed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1481–1484, 1988.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF DMBA‐INDUCED RAT MAMMARY TUMORS
Authors: Toida Makoto , Sobue Mitsuko , Fukatsu Toshiaki , Nagasaka Tetsuro , Nakashima Nobuo , Kawaguchi Takashi , Takeuchi Jun
Published: December 2008

In order to clarify the biological characteristics of rat mammary tumors induced by 7, 12‐dimethylbenz‐ [a] ‐anthracene (DMBA), histochemical and immunohistochemical studies were performed. Two types of luminal spaces were observed within the tumor. In one type, the lumen was surrounded by eosinophilic columnar cells which were strongly reactive for soybean agglutinin (SBA) but weakly stained with keratin antibodies. In the luminal spaces, substances positive for PAS, dialyzed iron ferrocyanide or alcian blue and resistant to mucopolysaccharidase were occasionally observed. Ultrastructurally, the luminal surface was characterized by the presence of microvilli and tight junctions. In the other type, the lumen was often found in highly cellular foci and surrounded by pale, polygonal or elongated cells which were weakly stained with keratin antibodies but not SBA. The luminal spaces presented a peculiar structure filled mainly with mucoid substances sensitive to hyal‐uronidase, chondroitinase ABC and heparitinase, and the inner surface of the spaces was surrounded by basement membrane components: laminin, fibronectin and type IV collagen. The results of the present study therefore showed that DMBA‐induced mammary tumor consists, partly, of a structure resembling human adenoid cystic carcinoma. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 129 ‐139, 1988.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF IMMUNOREACTIVE HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (HGH) IN THE SECRETORY GRANULES OF NORMAL PITUITARY GLANDS AND HGH‐PRODUCING PITUITARY ADENOMAS: An Immunoelectron Microscopic Study Using the Protein A‐Gold (PAG) Technique
Authors: Suzukawa Katsumi , Kawaoi Akira , Sato Kiyoshi , Ishii Shozo
Published: December 2008

We applied the protein A‐gold (PAC) technique to two normal human pituitary glands and three samples of hGH‐producing pituitary adenoma in order to demonstrate immunoreactive hGH at the ultrastructural level. Ultrathin mirror sections immunostained for hGH were observed by electron microscopy and the numbers of immunoreactive gold particles were calculated. The numbers of gold particles of the same secretory granule shared by the mirror sections showed counts which were approximately the same. Thus, assuming that the influence on the hGH antigenicity of the tissue treatment and conditions of immunostaining should be the same at all points on the ultrathin sections, the numbers of gold particles were considered to be a quantitative indicator of the amount of hGH antigen on the secretory granules of sections processed under the same conditions. The numbers of gold particles per μm2 of cut surface of secretory granules in hGH‐producing adenoma cells were statistically lower than those of hGH‐positive cells from normal pituitary glands, suggesting endocrinological derangement of the tumor cells together with morphological immaturity in their secretory granules and other organelles. ACT A PATHOL JPN 38: 153–162, 1988.
HYPERSENSITIVITY ANGIITIS WITH GRANULOMATOUS GLOMERULITIS IN A PATIENT WITH PREEXISTING IgA NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Fujii Kazufumi , Kobayashi Yutaka , Kurokawa Akira
Published: December 2008

Following a 6‐year history of asymptomatic proteinuria and microhematuria, a 51‐year‐old man suffered from acute systemic eruption, liver dysfunction and acute renal failure immediately after developing a cold and taking drugs including piroxicam, aspirin and bristocycline. Renal biopsy revealed progressive IgA nephropathy associated with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and granulomatous glomerulitis. Although the drug actually responsible for this condition was not defined, it is likely that drug‐induced hypersensitivity angiitis with granulomatous glomerulitis was superimposed on preexisting IgA nephropathy in this patient. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 209–216, 1988.
EXPERIMENTAL AMYLOIDOSIS INDUCED BY SAPONIN
Authors: Sano Kenji
Published: December 2008

White male rabbits, weighing about 3 kg, were injected intravenously with 5 ml of 0.1% saponin solution dissolved in physiological saline once a week for six months. The sequential histological changes in the kidneys were observed by repeated biopsies and, in addition, the animals were subjected to necropsy for light and electron microscopic examinations. Amyloid protein was purified from the animal tissues, estimated at approximately 6,300 daltons in molecular weight by SDS‐PAGE and considered as an AA type protein based on its amino acid sequence study. The antibody against the purified amyloid protein was produced in guinea pigs and was used for immunohistochemical studies. The deposition of amyloid started initially in mesangial matrices and subendothelial regions of the glomeruli, but at the end the spleen, kidney and bowels were found to be frequent sites of deposition. The amyloid deposited in the tissues was specifically positive by the indirect immunohistochemistry using the prepared antibody. This antibody also reacted positively to human materials with secondary amyloidosis. These results indicate that amyloidosis induced by saponin is a good model of secondary amyloidosis.
ONTOGENIC DEVELOPMENT OF GUT‐ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE IN THE RAT. An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Nakamura Shiro , Sumi Yukiko , Nagura Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

The development of gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the rat was investigated, with special reference to the behavior and ultrastructure of Ia(+) cells during the development of Peyer's patches (PP). At birth, Ia(+) cells were randomly scattered in the lamina propria. From three days, small aggregates of CD4(+), Ia(+), CD5(−) and IL‐1(+) cells were observed in the lamina propria. Immunoelectron microscopically, these appeared as mixed populations of dendritic cells, capillary endothelial cells, flbroblast‐like spindle cells and lymphocytes. In addition, CD8(+), CD4(–) and IL‐1(−) cells were present in the interepithelial space. By seven days, lymphoid follicles were recognizable in the lamina propria, each with an aggregate of IgM‐positive small lymphocytes at its center, surrounded by CD4(+) or CD8(+) lymphocytes. Between the 10th and 14th days, these follicles were covered with single‐layered, specially differentiated epithelial cells, and structures resembling PP were formed. IgA plasma cells were identified in the lamina propria between the third and the fourth weeks. We speculate that the PP developed from aggregates of Ia(+), IL‐1(+) spindle‐ or dendritic‐shaped cells in the lamina propria. The PP were structurally complete by two weeks, although establishment of the characteristic distribution of GALT components evident in the adult took more than six weeks.
MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN AS A POSSIBLE MARKER FOR OLIGODENDROGLIOMA
Authors: Tanaka Junichi , Hokama Yasuo , Nakamura Haruomi
Published: December 2008

To search for a marker for oligodendroglioma, immunohistochemical analysis of myelin basic protein (MBP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were performed on tissues from 38 oligodendrogliomas. MBP was detected in 14 such tumors, positive cells being characterized by having rather rich cytoplasm containing a large nucleus and a prominent nucleolus. They seemed to be relatively poorly differentiated cells corresponding to oligodendroglioma grade II in the WHO classification, and appeared to have some cytological resemblance to immature oligodendrocytes in the newborn brain. Mature grade I tumor cells with a small dark nucleus and a perinuclear halo, and grade III anaplastic cells were MBP‐negatlve. GFAP‐positive cells were also found in tumors containing MBP‐positive cells. A double immunostain for MBP and GFAP demonstrated that some tumor cells were simultaneously stained with both. Presumably the oligodendroglioma cells that showed such dual im‐munostaining would intrinsically express a myelin‐forming glial phenotype. MBP may be applicable as a marker for oligodendrogliomas. ACTA PATHOL JPN38: 1297‐1303, 1988.
DISSEMINATED NECROTIZING ENCEPHALOPATHY INDUCED BY METHOTREXATE THERAPY ALONE
Authors: Asada Yujiro , Kohga Shin , Sumiyoshi Akinobu , Ishikawa Masako , Nakamura Haruki
Published: December 2008

This report describes the autopsy findings in a 62‐year‐old woman who died of pneumonia and disseminated necrotizing encephalopathy following intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) therapy for meningeal infiltration of lymphoma cells. Radiation therapy was not given. An interesting pathological finding was exudation of fibrin around the small vessels in the demyelinated foci, suggesting increased vascular permeability. This observation and analysis of previous reports of similar cases suggest that primary vascular injury, probably due to the direct effect of MTX, may be Involved in the pathogenesis of MTX‐related disseminated necrotizing encephalopathy. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1305 ‐1312, 1988.
HISTO‐ and IMMUNOPATHOLOGIGAL FEATURES OF TERMINAL AIDS. An Autopsy Case of a Japanese Man with Neurological Signs as Initial Symptoms
Authors: Miyayama Haruhiko , Takeya Motohiro , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Koito Atushi , Hattori Toshio , Takatsuki Kiyoshi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 37‐year‐old Japanese man, confirmed as an AIDS patient infected by an undetermined route of transmission, is presented. The initial symptoms of full‐blown AIDS in this case were neurological, and the patient died of severe pneumonia 9 months after onset. The main histo‐ and immu‐nopathological features were a marked depletion of helper‐inducer T cells and dendritic reticulum cells in the lymphoid tissues, opportunistic infections, and some neuropathology changes. Very few cells, possibly macrophages, immu‐noreactive with a monoclonal antibody (VAK‐5) against HIV‐gag protein P24 were found in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Numerous pathogens had induced opportunistic infections in many organs: severe and generalized cytomegalovirus infection, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, bronchopneumonia (possibly due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa), candidiasis in the tongue and oral cavity, and atypical mycobacteriosis in the pulmonic hilar lymph nodes. Vascular proliferation was found in the perinodal regions of some lymph nodes, but this was not neoplastic vascular proliferation compatible with that of localized Kaposi's sarcoma. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1313‐1327, 1988.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF PRIMARY ANGIOSARCOMA OF THE PERICARDIUM MIMICKING MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA
Authors: Terada Tadashi , Nakanuma Yasuni , Matsubara Takeo , Suematsu Tetsuo
Published: December 2008

The pathology of a rare case of primary diffuse angiosarcoma of the pericardium is reported. Grossly, the heart was entirely encased by the pericardial tumor, and the myocardium was only superficially invaded by the tumor. The tumor tissue extended directly to the mediastinum, where the great vessels were embedded in the tumor. A few minute distant metastases were found only in the bilateral lungs and pulmonary hilar lymph nodes. Microscopically, the tumor tissue was composed of malignant cells forming vascular channels admixed with solid areas. Histo‐ and immunohistochemically, no mesothelial characteristics were evident. Factor VHI‐related antigen and Ulex’europaeus I lectin were positive, implying that the tumor was of vascular origin. Grossly, and in part microscopically, this case resembled malignant diffuse mesothelioma, indicating that pericardial angiosarcoma may sometimes mimick malignant mesothelioma. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1345‐1351, 1988.
GASTRIC CARCINOMA METASTATIC TO THE BREAST DIAGNOSED BY MUCOSUBSTANCE HISTOCHEMISTRY and ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Tsuchiya Shin‐ichi , Maruyama Yuzo , Miyajima Michihiro , Koike Yasuo , Ohta Hiroyoshi , Katsuyama Tsutomu , Kasuga Yoshio
Published: December 2008

Bilateral breast tumors with a histologically scirrhous pattern were conclusively diagnosed as gastric carcinoma metastatic to the breast using mucosubstance histochemistry and electron microscopy. The majority of the carcinoma cells gave histochemically positive reactions for galactose oxidase‐Schiff, stable class III con A, and high‐iron diamine‐alcian blue (HID‐AB). Also electron microscopically, numerous HID‐positive mucus droplets (sulfo‐mucin) were seen in the carcinoma cells. These findings invalidated the possibility that the carcinomas were primary breast cancer. The practical applications of distinctive patterns of mucus secretion are discussed. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1353‐1361, 1988.
ELASTOSIS IN NEOPLASTIC and NON‐NEOPLASTIC TISSUES FROM PATIENTS WITH MAMMARY CARCINOMA
Authors: Tamura Shigeaki , Enjoji Munetomo
Published: December 2008

We studied a series of 585 patients with non‐invasive or invasive ductal carcinoma in an attempt to assess the significance of elastosis. Elastosis in the neoplasm was recognized in 60% of the 549 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. The grade of elastosis was correlated with both the histologic grade of differentiation and the 5‐year survival rate. The incidence of elastosis, however, was 17% in the 36 patients with non‐invasive ductal carcinoma and 38% in the 21 with invasive ductal carcinoma with a predominant intraductal component. The increased elastic tissue may therefore be influenced by the stromal infiltration of cancer cells. Mastectomy specimens from another series of 100 patients with mammary carcinoma were examined with regard to the volume of elastic tissue. Increased periductal elastic fibers were also identified in the non‐neoplastic tissue, but the volume density was far less than in the neoplasm. A significant correlation was found between the increased amount of periductal elastic fibers in the non‐neoplastic tissue, periductal elastosis of the neoplasm and an increase in parity. We propose that cancer cells in mammary carcinoma exert an inductive effect on mesenchymal cells for the synthesis of elastic material, under the basic condition of an increased amount of elastic fibers with an increase in parity. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1537‐1546, 1988.
INTRAOSSEOUS EPIDERMAL CYST OF THE SACRUM. A Case Report
Authors: Adachi Hironobu , Yoshida Haruhiko , Yumoto Tokichi , Naniwa Shingo , Okuno Makoto , Morimoto Kanehito , Furuse Kiyowo
Published: December 2008

An unusual case of intraosseous epidermal cyst is reported. The patient, a 45‐year‐old Japanese female, had suffered from lumbago and dysuria for about 15 years. X‐ray examinations and CT scan revealed an expanded osteolytic tumor without marginal sclerotic change within the sacrum, which anteriorly invaded the surrounding soft tissues at the S2/3 level. At this time, chordoma was suspected, but epidermal cyst with foreign body granuloma was finally diagnosed from biopsy and surgical specimens.
A CASE REPORT OF “LIPOMATOUS HYPERTROPHY OF THE CARDIAC INTERATRIAL SEPTUM”, WITH A PROPOSAL FOR A NEW TERM “LIPOMATOUS HAMARTOMA OF THE CARDIAC ATRIAL SEPTUM”
Authors: Inoue Tohru , Mohri Noboru , Nagahara Toshihiro , Takanashi Riichiro
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of “lipomatous hypertrophy of the cardiac interatrial septum“ (LHIS) combined with marked stenosis and calcification of the aortic and mitral valves due to fibrous valvular endocarditis, malignant lymphoma, and mucin‐producing cancer of the pancreas is reported. LHIS and mucin‐producing cancer of the pancreas were incidental findings at autopsy. Microscopically, the LHIS in this case consisted of proliferation of mature fat cells, brown fat cells and cardiac muscle cells. Since these threee cell types are normal structural components of the Interatrial septum, it was considered that the LHIS was a hamartomatous rather than hypertrophic lesion, of the cardiac atrial septum. Accordingly it was concluded that the term “lipomatous hamartoma of the cardiac atrial septum” was more appropriate for this lesion in the case presented here. As far as we know, this is the first reported case of LHIS in Japan. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 1583‐1589, 1988.
RECURRENT PRIMARY LEPTOMENINGEAL ASTROCYTOMA OF THE LUMBOSACRAL SPINAL CORD RESEMBLING SCHWANNOMA. A Case Report
Authors: Saitoh Atsuhiko , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Tada Nobuhiko , Ikeda Masayoshi , Noguchi Takatoshi
Published: December 2008

Primary leptomeningeal astrocytoma has been considered to be derived from ectopic glial cells in the leptomeninges. A case of recurrent primary leptomeningeal astrocytoma of the lumbosacral spinal cord is described. The original tumor was localized in the extramedullary space at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, and was solely composed of interlacing bundles of monomorphous spindle‐shaped cells. The tumor was therefore diagnosed as schwannoma. The recurrent tumor removed one year after the first operation showed two distinct histologic patterns with increased nuclear atypia and mitosis. Namely, both schwannoma‐like areas and astrocytomatous areas were observed. Silver impregnation clearly demonstrated an alveolar pattern in the schwannoma‐like area. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells revealed a positive reaction for glial fibrillary acidic protein. This case particularly emphasizes the usefulness of silver impregnation in differential diagnosis from schwannoma.
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF BILE DUCT IN EXPERIMENTAL GRAFT‐VERSUS‐HOST DISSEASE ACROSS MINOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY BARRIERS III. IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Nonomura Akitaka , Yoshida Kazuharu , Kono Naoko , Nakanuma Yasuni , Ohta Goroku
Published: December 2008

Graft‐vesus‐host disease (GVHD) was produced by injecting lymphoid cells from B10·D2 mice into BALB/C mice. Both are H‐2‐identical but differ only at multiple minor H loci. The expressin and localizaton of MHC class II antigens on the bile duct epithelium was examined using an immunoelectron microscopical method. All GVHD mice developed bile duct lesions of chronic nonsuppurative cholangitis and expressed MHC class II antigens on their bile duct epithelium, while none of the control mice, which injected with the same number of syngeneic lymphocytes, developed bile duct lesions or expressed the antigens. The antigenic expression was characteristically localized on the basolateral surface of the bile duct epithelium but not on the apical surface. Furthermore, the expression varied markedly in its intensity and distribution within the same liver and even within a single bile duct. The infiltration of Lyt‐1‐positive helper/inducer lymphocytes in the duct epithelial layer apparent by electron microscopy was predominant to a much greater degree than that of Lyt‐2‐positive cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes and non‐lymphocytic cells. The immunological mechanisms involving helper/inducer T cells in association with MHC class II antigens on bile duct epithelium may be important in the induction and progression of the bile duct lesions apparent in the present GVHD model.
INTRAHEPATIC PERIDUCTAL GLANDS IN GRAFT‐VERSUS‐HOST DISEASE
Authors: Nakanuma Yasuni , Terada Tadashi , Ohtake Shigehiko , Govindarajan Sugantha
Published: December 2008

Degenerative epithelial changes with cytoplasmic eosinophilia and nuclear pleomorphism were found in the intrahepatic periductal glands in two patients who died following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. These changes, which have not been described in the literature to our knowledge, were closely associated with clinicopathologic signs of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), and histologically they resembled small bile ductal lesions, a characteristic finding of hepatic GVHD. In addition, periductal glandular and small bile ductal lesions frequently coexisted. Neither livers from patients given autologous marrow transplantation nor other control livers including those from patients given abdominal irradiation revealed such glandular lesions. These results suggest that the observed changes in the intrahepatic periductal glands were a manifestation of GVHD.
LOCALIZATION OF Fc RECEPTORS ON LIVER SINUSOIDAL ENDOTHELIUM A Histological Study by Electron Microscopy
Authors: Muro Hiroyuki , Shirasawa Haruyuki , Takahashi Yohei , Maeda Matsuyoshi , Nakamura Satoshi
Published: December 2008

The localization of Fc receptors for IgG on mouse liver sinusoidal endothelium was studied in tissue sections by light and electron microscopy using peroxidase‐antiperoxidase IgG complexes as ligands. Light microscopy revealed that Fc receptors were continuously present along the sinusoidal wall, but absent on the endothelium of the central vein and that of the portal area blood vessels. Electron microscopy revealed Fc receptors on both the luminal and basal aspects of the plasma membrane, far more being present on the former, on the walls of cytoplasmic fenestrae, and abundantly on the walls of coated pits and vesicles of sinusoidal endothelial cells. Fc receptors were found more frequently on sinusoidal endothelial cells than on Kupffer cells. Fat‐storing cells lacked the receptors and hepatocytes showed an ambiguous result which was considered to be nonspecific.
INTIMAL LAMINATED ELASTOSIS IN THE INTRARENAL ARTERIES An Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Kojimahara Masayasu
Published: December 2008

Using kidneys from diabetic patients, the morphogenesis of elastic hyperplasia (“laminated elastosis”) in the intrarenal arteries was studied by electron microscopy. In the thickened intima, myointimal cells produced ground substance, collagen fibers and elastic tissue. The elastic tissue was stained black electron microscopically with orcein. Newly‐formed elastic tissue in the intima was first found on either the basement membrane or basement membrane‐like materials around the myointimal cells and endothelial cells. Subsequently, small areas of elastic tissue aggregated and fused to form larger areas of elastic tissue or concentric thick elastic laminae, the latter containing a large number of collagen fibrils. Upon treatment with elastase, newly‐formed elastic tissue was digested, but the microfibrillar component remained unstained.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF KIDNEY FROM THREE PATIENTS WITH HBeAg‐ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VIRUS‐LIKE PARTICLES IN THE GLOMERULAR TUFTS
Authors: Ishihara Tokuhiro , Akamatsu Akira , Takahashi Mutsuo , Yamashita Yoshimi , Yokota Tadaaki , Nagasawa Takaaki , Gondo Toshikazu , Kawano Hiroo , Kawamura Shunji , Uchino Fumiya , Matsumoto Noboru , Kamei Toshiaki
Published: December 2008

The biopsied kidneys from three patients with hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg)‐associated nephropathy were observed by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. By an indirect technique utilizing horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated antisera, HBeAg was found to be deposited in a diffuse granular fashion along the glomerular capillary wall. No deposition of hepatitis Bs or hepatitis Be antigen was detected. The three cases were diagnosed as HBeAg‐associated nephropathy. Ultrastructurally, there were finely granular electron‐dense deposits in the subendothelial area, basement membrane, mesangial area and subepithelial area of the glomerular tufts. In all three cases, virus‐like particles between 30 and 70 nm in diameter were also found in such areas of the glomerular tufts, and rarely in the glomerular capillary lumen and space of Bowman. They occasionally formed clusters in the phagosomes of mesangial cells. In addition, tubulo‐reticular structures were noted in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells in the glomerular capillaries. The presence of HBeAg both in the serum and in the kidney and of virus‐like particles in the glomerular tufts suggests that HBeAg is causally related to the development of HBeAg‐associated nephropathy.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF IDIOPATHIC ENLARGEMENT OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM, AND A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Terada Tadashi , Oiwake Hisanori , Nakanuma Yasuni , Ohta Goroku , Nishino Tomoichi
Published: December 2008

A 69‐year‐old man in whom idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium was revealed at autopsy is described. The patient had had cardiomegaly of at least 19 years’duration prior to his death, even though cardiac symptoms were absent. Cause of death was pancreatic carcinoma. Postmortem examination revealed marked and diffuse dilatation of the right atrium and moderate dilatation of the left atrium. Measurement of the cardiac chambers showed that the right and left atria were 7.6 and 4.7 times as large as those of normal hearts, respectively. The volume of either ventricle was about twice the normal value. Histologically, widespread cardiac muscular degeneration and necrosis, diffuse fibrosis, and focal lymphocytic infiltration were found in the right atrium and also, to a lesser degree, in the left atrium. Such pathologic changes were not found in either of the ventricles. The etiology of these muscular changes, which might have been related to atrial enlargement, was unclear. The present case was thought to be consistent with idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium, and a brief review of the literature is given.
IgG‐KAPPA‐PRODUCING PRIMARY PLASMACYTOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND WITH PREOPERATIVE SERUM M PROTEIN
Authors: Yashiro Tohru , Aiba Motohiko , Obara Takao , Fujimoto Yoshihide , Hirayama Akira
Published: December 2008

A case of primary plasmacytoma of the thyroid gland which occurred in a 63‐year‐old woman is reported. Histologic and ultramicroscopic examination revealed that the excised thyroid tumor was plasmacytoma superimposed on lymphocytic thyroiditis. Immunohistological study showed that the tumor cells produced intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (IgG‐kappa). Electropho‐retic and immunoelectrophoretic studies disclosed the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgG‐kappa) in samples of the patient's serum which had been obtained preoperatively. After completion of irradiation therapy to the neck following tumor removal, the serum monoclonal immunoglobulin disappeared. The patient is currently alive and well without any evidence of the tumor three years after surgery.
PRIMARY MUCOSAL HYPERPLASIA OF THE GALLBLADDER
Authors: Yamamoto Masami , Nakajo Susumu , Ito Masaki , Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

A case of primary mucosal hyperplasia of the gallbladder in a 55‐year‐old man is reported. Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated diffuse mucosal thickening of the gallbladder which was associated with anomalous union of the pancreatico‐biliary duct system. Histologically, the mucosa showed villous and spongioid hyperplasia. The mucosa, which consisted of tall columnar cells that were morphologically similar to ordinary gallbladder epithelium, showed no metaplastic changes such as occurrence of mucous glands, Paneth cells, goblet cells, endocrine cells, or lysozyme immunoreactivity. These findings suggested that this disease was based on hyperplasia of ordinary gallbladder epithelium.
ENDOGENOUS PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN PRIMARY CULTURE OF HUMAN THYROID CELLS Localization and Measurement
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Noguchi Shiro , Murakami Nobuo , Toda Masakatsu , Adachi Mitsuo , Kato Ryouji , Kato Shigeru , Nakayama Iwao , Mifune Kumato
Published: December 2008

Intracellular localization of and an assay method for endogenous peroxidase (PO) activity were studied using primary culture of thyroid cells obtained from patients with hyperthyroidism. PO activity was visualized by cytochemical reaction and was located mainly in perinuclear cisternae and rough endoplasmic reticulum. With increased culture time, the number of cells showing positive PO activity and amount of the enzyme reaction product in individual cells showed a parallel decrease. For measurement of PO activity, cultured thyroid cells were frozen and thawed and then incubated with citric acid buffer solution containing o‐phenylenediamine (opd) and hydrogen peroxide. After incubation, the optical density (OD) of the solution colorized by endogenous peroxidase was measured at 405 nm using a microplate reader. About 1 × 104 cells were sufficient for assay of PO activity. Using the above method to assay PO activity and sandwich enzyme immunoassay for thyroglobulin (TG), chronological changes in the PO activity and TG concentration in the culture medium were examined. Although the cells showed no decrease in number, PO activity and TG concentration decreased chronologically. When the ratio of PO activity to TG concentration was calculated, in 3 cases the ratio was almost constant, and in the remaining two, it decreased chronologically. The present biochemical method thus seems useful for determining peroxidase activity of cultured thyroid en masse.
STUDIES ON LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN THYMIC TISSUE AND FUNCTIONS OF PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH TUMOROUS THYMUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Authors: Tanino Mikio , Koide Osamu , Shimazu Akira , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Yoshimatsu Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

In order to obtain a better understanding of the immunological abnormalities present in myasthenia gravis (MG), which is often accompanied by thymoma or thymic hyperplasia, we investigated lymphocyte subsests and their functions using samples of thymoma or thymic hyperplasia tissues from 11 patients (6 cases with MG), and peripheral blood from 6 patients (4 cases with MG). In most thymic tissues from patients with MG, a maturating tendency of lymphocytes was generally observed. Especially in the medulla of thymic hyperplasia, an entirely peripheral blood type of T‐lymphocytes, which were Leu‐6− and either Leu‐2a+ or 3a + 3b+, were encountered abundantly. Therefore, the presence of abnormal maturation of lymphocytes in the thymus or destruction of the barrier between the thymus and the peripheral blood in MG cases was indicated. In cases without MG, no such tendency was noted. As to the peripheral blood in patients with MG, concanavalin A‐induced suppressor cells were significantly decreased (p<0.01). All of these changes were considered to be intimately related to the appearance of MG.
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPICAL CHANGES SEEN IN ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS IN RENAL ALLOGRAFTS
Authors: Wakabayashi Tomo
Published: December 2008

Seven renal biopsy specimens taken from three renal‐allografted patients clinically suspected of having acute tubular necrosis were examined by light microscopy and five of these specimens were also examined by electron microscopy. The common findings in these three patients were as follows: The tubular lumina in all parts were dilated and the tubular epithelia were flat. Large vacuoles were occasionally observed within the tubular epithelial cell cytoplasm. These alterations were prominent in proximal convoluted tubules. Electron microscopically, the microvilli of the brush border of proximal convoluted tubules were loose and relatively short. The basal infoldings of proximal convoluted tubules were reduced or had disappeared. It could not be confirmed whether the large intracytoplasmic vacuoles apparent by light microscopic observation were intracytoplasmic or widened lateral intercellular spaces upon electron microscopy. In the most markedly damaged allograft of the three, a grayish hematoxylinophilic substance, which corresponded to autophagosomes with electron‐dense round bodies upon electron microscopy, was often observed in the tubular epithelia. In addition, immature or regenerative tubular epithelia were observed. Most of these alterations were similar to those of acute ischemic change seen in non‐renal transplantation.
MALACOPLAKIA OF THE ENDOMETRIUM An Unusual Case Studied by Electron Microscopy and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Kawai Kioko , Fukuda Kazumasa , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: December 2008

A rare case of malacoplakia (MKP) of the endometrium in an 88‐year‐old Japanese woman is presented. By light microscopy, typical Michaelis‐Gutmann bodies (M‐G bodies) could be identified. Electron microscopic findings revealed M‐G bodies in various stages of development. These features suggested that M‐G bodies were derived from round electron‐dense granules that coalesced to form phagolysosomes. Early‐stage M‐G bodies were manifested as small, irregular, needle‐shaped areas of calcification in phagolysosomes. The present paper reviews 6 cases of endometrial MKP, 5 of which have previously been reported in the literature, and this case being the sixth, to our knowledge.
REGRESSION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN NORMOTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE RABBITS
Authors: Hirata Munetaka , Watanabe Teruo
Published: December 2008

In the present study we attempted to quantitate the sequential changes occurring in cholesterol‐induced aortic and coronary lesions in normotensive and renovascular hypertensive rabbits, which were placed on a 0.5% cholesterol atherogenic diet for 16 weeks and observed for up to 104 months after withdrawal of the diet After measuring the degree of surface involvement, a representative longitudinal section covering the whole length of the aorta was obtained, and histometric quantitative analysis was carried out using an image‐processing system. Furthermore, ten continuous step‐sections of the left coronary artery bed were prepared from each animal, and the degrees of luminal stenosis were estimated in all arterial segments contained. After withdrawal of the cholesterol diet, foam cell lesions of the aorta and coronary artery were gradually replaced by flbromuscular tissue. The hypertensive animals showed a greater degree of smooth muscle cell proliferation. Formation of atheroma occurred almost invariably after cessation of cholesterol feeding, and it was noted that hypertension aggravated the severity and extent of both aortic and coronary atherosclerosis. Upon histometric analysis, evidence of reduction of aortic lesions and significant reversal of luminal narrowing of the coronary artery were observed in normotensive as well as hypertensive animals. These results suggest that, even in hypertensive animals, substantial regression of both aortic and coronary atherosclerosis can be expected after normalization of hypercholesterolemia.
PERIPHERAL T‐CELL LYMPHOMA WITH HELPER T‐CELL PHENOTYPE (LEU 3a+ LEU 8−)
Authors: Segami Hideo , Abe Masafumi , Wakasa Haruki
Published: December 2008

Eleven cases of Leu 3a+ Leu 8− peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), excluding adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma, were studied by Immunostalning with monoclonal antibodies and enzyme histochemistry in order to clarify the histogenesis of PTCL. Seven of the eleven cases had varying degrees of polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. All cases were histologically characterized by neoplastic proliferation of clear cells and some cases showed a histologic background similar to IBL or AILD lesions with proliferation of 1m‐munoblasts or plasmacytoid cells and vascular proliferation. Immunohis‐tologic analysis of PLP‐flxed frozen tissues revealed that neoplastic clear cells expressed a Leu 3a+ Leu 8− phenotype (helper T‐cell subset). The distribution of Leu 3a+ Leu 8’neoplastic cells corresponded closely to that of DRC‐1+ cells, which are localized in the lymphatic follicles, but hardly at all with that of β‐glucuronidase+ vessels, termed PCV or HEV, which are usually present in T‐cell areas. One case only progressed from Leu 3a+ Leu 8− IBL‐like T‐cell lymphoma (IBL‐T), with proliferation of immunoblasts or plasmacytoid cells and vascular proliferation, to diffuse lymphoma of the large cell type showing none of these lesions. From these observations it is suggested that IBL‐T might progress to T‐cell‐type monomorphous diffuse lymphoma.
NEOVASCULARIZATION OF PERICELLULAR FIBROSIS IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Taguchi Katsuji , Asano Goro
Published: December 2008

The relationship between sinusoidal capillarization and pericellular fibrosis was studied in 29 specimens of human liver from patients with alcoholic liver disease. Immunohlstochemically, factor VIH‐related antigen was not observed in the normal sinusoidal lining cells, but was localized in the capillaries which proliferated in the pericellular fibrotic region. Fibronectln was localized in the proliferated endoplasmic reticulum of newly formed vascular endothelial cells and hepatocytes with the development of pericellular fibrosis, laminin became apparant in the plasmalemmal vesicles of capillary endothelial cells and pericytes and in the endoplasmic reticulum of mesenchymal cells in Disse's space. From these results, It was revealed that pericellular fibrosis was closely related to sinusoidal capillarization. Furthermore, it is suggested that this sinusoidal capillarization may be caused by neovascularization, and that the extracellular matrix produced by endothelial cells, hepatocytes and mesenchymal cells may promote this process.
PAGET'S EXTENSION OF ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA: Immunohistochemical and Mucin Histochemical Evidence of Paget's Cells in the Esophageal Mucosa
Authors: Norihisa Yoko , Kakudo Kennichi , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Makuuchi Hiroyasu , Sugihara Takashi , Mitomi Toshio
Published: December 2008

A 68‐year‐old male with Paget's disease of the esophagus is reported. The underlying primary esophageal carcinoma was diagnosed as adenosquamous cell carcinoma on the basis of the presence of both adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma components. There was invasive growth of clear Paget's cells in the esophageal epithelium. Mucin histochemistry disclosed common characteristics of mucin between Paget's cells and adenosquamous cell carcinoma. It was histochemically confirmed that the existence of mucin was a general feature of extramammary Paget's disease. In 13 control esophageal carcinomas including three with adenocarcinomatous elements, Paget's cells were not found in the epithelium. To date only one case of Paget's disease of the esophagus has been described in the literature.
ADENOMYOEPITHELIOMA OF THE BREAST
Authors: Tamura Shigeaki , Enjoji Munetomo , Toyoshima Satoshi , Terasaka Reiji
Published: December 2008

We treated a 62‐year‐old woman with adenomyoepithelioma of the breast, an extremely rare tumor, which showed a bicellular pattern of ductal and myoepithelial elements bearing some histologic resemblance to pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland. The tumor was made up of cells positive for actin and S‐100 protein, and some positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Thus, this tumor showed biphasic differentiation towards myoepithelial cells and to duct epithelial cells. Compared with findings in related tumors reported in the literature, the myoepithelial cells in the present tumor were less frequently spindle‐shaped and had abundant eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm. A simple mastectomy was done and at the time of writing 20 months later there has been no recurrence. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not prescribed.
ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA IN INFANCY
Authors: Nishikawa Toshio , Kasajima Takeshi , Kajita Akira , Yamakawa Mitsunori , Mabuchi Gengo , Orihata Hideo , Shibata Toshimitsu , Nakazawa Makoto
Published: December 2008

A case of adrenocortical carcinoma associated with congenital heart defect in a 6‐month‐old Japanese girl is reported. A fist‐sized tumor was incidentally noted in the right hypochondrium upon admission for cardiac surgery. No clinical endocrinopathy was evident in this case. The resected tumor was encapsulated with smooth surface and no invasion to adjacent tissues or organs was observed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of small cells with granular or clear cytoplasm, and occasional giant cells with single or multiple nuclei. By electron microscopy, the tumor cells showed various nuclear contours with distinct nucleoli and had a moderate amount of cytoplasm containing abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with variable‐sized electron‐dense granules. Intercellular desmosome‐llke junctions were observed in some tumor cells. Immunohistochemlcally, the tumor cells contained granules positive for estriol, progesterone and Cortisol. These morphological findings including electron microscopic features suggested that the tumor cells had a malignant character.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC LOCALIZATION OF ACRIDINE ORANGE CHROMATIN INTERACTION PRODUCTS IN CELLS TRANSFORMED BY HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2
Authors: Moriki Toshiaki , Kimura Susumu , Yamane Toshiko , Hara Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution pattern of acridine orange (AO) binding to DNA in transformed cells and derived tumor cells. Two cell clones from hamster embryonic fibroblasts (HEF) transformed by herpes simplex virus type 2, tumor cells derived from the transformed cell clones, and normal HEF in culture were processed for ultracytochemistry. Uptake studies and autoradiography using [3H] thymidine and [3H] ‐uridine were also performed. Ultrastructural examination revealed that AO became bound to DNA exclusively within the euchromatin portion of the cell nucleus. The percentages of AO‐positive cell nuclei were 18.0% and 15.5% in transformed cell clones and 21.3% and 18.3% in the derived tumor cells, but only 2. 7% in the HEF. The average amounts of AO‐chromatin interaction products Increased in the transformed and tumor cells. Labeling indices of [3H] thymidine were 28.9% and 33.2% in both the transformed cell clones, 32.4% and 36.9% in their tumor cells, and 3.7% in the HEF. Euchromatin/hetero‐chromatin (EU/HEF) ratios were found to be higher in AO‐positive nuclei than in AO‐negative nuclei in each cell line. The increase in the number of AO‐positive nuclei and in the EU/HET ratios may represent a basic reaction of cell nuclei in transformation and tumorigenesis.
NEURONAL DEGENERATION IN THE BRAIN OF THE BRINDLED MOUSE
Authors: Yoshimura Noriaki
Published: December 2008

In order to investigate the levels of cytochrome oxidase activity in neuronal mitochondria in the brain of the brindled mouse hemlzygote (BM), the cerebella and brain stems from 12 pairs of brindled and normal littermates aged 13‐16 days were examined. The diaminobenzidine method for light‐ and electron‐microscopic histochemistry was adopted. Light microscopy revealed that mitochondria in the normal cerebellum showed an intensely positive reaction to diaminobenzidine, whereas those in the BM cerebellum showed a very weak reaction indicating an evident reduction of cytochrome oxidase activity. Electron microscopy disclosed a diaminobenzidine‐OsO4 product densely appearing on the inner membranes of most mitochondria in Purkinje cells in the normal cerebellum. However, it was very faint or absent in those in the BM cerebellum. The same was true in Golgi II cells, granule cells, glomeruli and brain stem nuclei, but the degree of reduction was not uniform among these structures. In conclusion, there is not only a generalized reduction of cytochrome oxidase activity but also a topographical predilection of areas showing a reduction of the enzyme in the BM cerebellum and brain stem. These facts may explain the pathogenesis of neuronal degeneration in the brain of the BM.
AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF NEOVASCULATURE IN HUMAN BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: Sawada Tatsuo , Nakamura Mari , Sakurai Isamu
Published: December 2008

In order to elucidate the characteristics of newly‐formed small blood vessels in brain tumors, 51 cases of various types of brain tumor were studied immuno‐histochemically. Endothelial cells in all tumor types reacted positively with anti‐Factor VIH‐related antigen (F‐VIII Ag) and UEA‐1. Reactivity to UEA‐1 was limited to endothelial cytoplasm. Proliferating immature endothelial cells showed weak reactivity to anti‐F‐VIII Ag. In some cases of benign tumors diffuse reactivity to anti‐F‐VIII Ag was noted throughout thickened medial areas of the vascular walls, in which reactivity to anti‐fibrous collagen and anti‐flbronectin was noted. UEA‐1 was thought to be a more specific endothelial marker than F‐VIII Ag, especially for proliferating and Immature endothelial cells. It is strongly suspected that fibrous collagens are related to the formation of a thickened vascular wall in newly‐formed small tumor vessels.
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE CARTILAGINOUS PLATES IN RELATION TO INTERVERTEBRAL DISC LESIONS
Authors: Yasuma Tsuguo , Suzuki Fujihiko , Koh Sadao , Yamauchi Yasuo
Published: December 2008

Three hundred sixty‐eight intervertebral discs (Tll/12‐L5/S1) were obtained at autopsy from 61 individuals (36 male, 25 female) ranging from 25 to 85 years of age, and subsequently examined histopathologically as sagittal‐sectioned specimens with special reference to the cartilaginous plates. The numbers of cartilaginous foci found in Assured and ruptured regions of the plates were found to Increase with age, and were considered to represent a restoration mechanism. Measurement of the cartilaginous plate/intervertebral disc antero‐posterior length ratio showed a decrease with age in intervertebral discs from the same spinal level. Therefore, cartilage cell proliferation in the vertebral body rim was found following rupture of the outer layer of the annulus flbrosus and was thought to be one of the causes of spur formation in spondylosis deformans. When the changes in a cartilaginous plate with aging were accompanied by destructive processes of the vertebrae such as osteoporosis or metastatic cancer, an increase in the height of the disc, or ballooning, developed. On the other hand, when degeneration of the intervertebral disc increased and the nucleus pulposus collapsed, the height of the disc decreased. Thus, although the cartilaginous plate exhibits a restoration mechanism, degeneration with age progresses, resulting in various disc lesions.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF DISSEMINATED HISTOPLASMOSIS PROBABLY DUE TO INFECTION FROM A RENAL ALLOGRAFT
Authors: Watanabe Masahide , Hotchi Masao , Nagasaki Masaaki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 52‐year‐old Japanese male, who died of disseminated histoplasmosis, is reported. He had received a cadaveric renal allograft 4 years prior to death. The donor was a 33‐year‐old American negro male, who had resided in Texas. The patient had been treated with immunosuppressive drugs after renal transplantation, and mycotic pneumonia developed 3 months before death. At autopsy, acute necrotizing lesions composed of histiocytes were observed in the transplanted kidney, lungs, prostate gland and various lymph nodes. Abundant yeast‐like fungal elements, measuring 2‐5 μm in diameter, were engulfed by the histiocytes, and were identified as Histoplasma capsulation by the immunoperoxidase method. The transplanted kidney was considered to have been the source of the infection.