bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Recrystallization Resistance of Al–Cu–Li–Zr Alloy through Ce Addition
Authors: Yu Xinxiang , Dai Han , Li Zhutie , Sun Jie , Zhao Junfeng , Li Caiqiong , Liu Wenwen
Published: December 2018

The effects of the addition of 0.29 wt % Ce on the recrystallization behavior of an Al–Cu–Li–0.13Zr (wt %) alloy during isothermal annealing were investigated. Ce addition greatly improved inhibition of recrystallization in this alloy compared with that in the Ce-free alloy. The texture of the Ce-containing alloy contained a large amount of β-fibers and fibrous unrecrystallized grain microstructures distributed along the rolling direction in the overall annealing process. The improved recrystallization resistance endowed by Ce addition can be attributed to the large number of small Al8Cu4Ce species formed on the grain boundary. These fine particles with high-temperature stability can exert a Zener pressure on the Al3Zr dispersoid-free grain boundary. The yield strength of the Ce-containing alloy increased significantly, to 38 MPa, and the fracture toughness improved by 56.28% compared with those of the Ce-free alloy. This work provides a convenient and economical method for enhancing the overall performance of an Al–Cu–Li–Zr alloy via recrystallization inhibition by Ce addition.
Prospective Biomarkers from Plasma Metabolomics of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Implicate Redox Imbalance in Disease Symptomatology
Authors: Germain Arnaud , Ruppert David , Levine Susan M. , Hanson Maureen R.
Published: December 2018

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disease of enigmatic origin with no established cure. Its constellation of symptoms has silently ruined the lives of millions of people around the world. A plethora of hypotheses have been vainly investigated over the past few decades, so that the biological basis of this debilitating condition remains a mystery. In this study, we investigate whether there is a disturbance in homeostasis of metabolic networks in the plasma of a female 32-patient cohort compared to 19 healthy female controls. Extensive analysis of the 832-metabolite dataset generated by Metabolon®, covering eight biological classes, generated important insight into metabolic disruptions that occur in ME/CFS. We report on 14 metabolites with differences in abundance, allowing us to develop a theory of broad redox imbalance in ME/CFS patients, which is consistent with findings of prior work in the ME/CFS field. Moreover, exploration of enrichment analysis using www.MetaboAnalyst.ca provides information concerning similarities between metabolite disruptions in ME/CFS and those that occur in other diseases, while its biomarker analysis unit yielded prospective plasma biomarkers for ME/CFS. This work contributes key elements to the development of ME/CFS diagnostics, a crucial step required for discovering a therapy for any disease of unknown origin.
Reduced Plasma Levels of Very-Long-Chain Dicarboxylic Acid 28:4 in Italian and Brazilian Colorectal Cancer Patient Cohorts
Authors: Wood Paul L. , Donohue Michelle M. , Cebak John E. , Beckmann Taylor G. , Messias Márcia Cristina Fernandes , Credidio Laura , Coy Cláudio Saddy Rodrigues , Carvalho Patrícia de Oliveira , Crotti Sara , D’Aronco Sara , Urso Emanuele D.L. , Agostini Marco
Published: December 2018

Background: There are currently no blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Previous research has suggested that very-long-chain dicarboxylic acid (VLCDCA) 28:4 might be such a biomarker. Methods: Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we analyzed VLCDCA 28:4 in the plasma of colorectal cancer patients in Italian [n = 62] and Brazilian [n = 52] cohorts. Additionally, we investigated individuals diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP; n = 27), one of the most important clinical forms of inherited susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Results: Decrements in plasma levels of VLCDCA 28:4 were monitored in colorectal cancer patients. These decreases were independent of the stage of tumor development and the individual’s age. However, no decrements in VLCDCA 28:4 were monitored in FAP patients. Conclusions: The plasma levels of VLCDCA 28:4 represent a potential biomarker of sporadic colorectal cancer. In addition, it is possible that resupply of this anti-inflammatory lipid may represent a new therapeutic strategy for CRC and inflammatory disorders.
Geodynamic Evolution and Metallogeny of Archaean Structural and Compositional Complexes in the Northwestern Russian Arctic
Authors: Kozlov Nikolay E. , Sorokhtin Nikolay O. , Martynov Eugeny V.
Published: December 2018

This paper highlights the geodynamic evolution of the early Precambrian rock associations in the northwestern part of the Russian Arctic where the rocks are exposed in the Kola region (northeastern Baltic Shield). The evolution is shown to predetermine the metallogenic potential of the area. It is emphasized that the Earth’s evolution is a non-linear process. Thus, we cannot draw direct analogies with Phanerozoic time or purely apply the principle of actualism, which is still widely used by experts in Precambrian geology to study the premetamorphic history of ancient deposits. In both cases, the principles should be adjusted. This article provides a novel technique for reconstructing geodynamic regimes of protolith formation in the early Precambrian. The technique identifies changing trends in geodynamic regimes during the formation of the Archean structural and compositional complexes in the Kola region. These trends fit into the earlier suggested general scheme of their formation, thus enhancing its reliability. The metallogeny of the ore areas is specified. The results of the geodynamic reconstructions explain most of the location patterns of minerals within the Kola region. Thus, the authors consider the metallogenic forecast based on geodynamic reconstructions to be a promising trend for further research.
Vitamin D Daily versus Monthly Administration: Bone Turnover and Adipose Tissue Influences
Authors: Dalle Carbonare Luca , Valenti Maria Teresa , Del Forno Francesco , Piacentini Giorgio , Pietrobelli Angelo
Published: December 2018

Vitamin D is involved in bone metabolism and in many various extra-skeletal diseases such as malabsorption syndromes, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, and autoimmune and neurological diseases. However, data on the optimal route of administration are not consistent. The aims of our study were to analyze not only the influence of daily vs. monthly administration of vitamin D on bone metabolism and bone turnover, but also the effects of different routes of administration on fat mass in a cohort of adults with low levels of 25(OH) vitamin D3 at baseline. We analyzed 44 patients with hypovitaminosis at baseline and after six months of two different regimens of administration: seven drops (1750 IU)/day vs. 50,000 IU/month. We found that the two regimens were equivalent; 36 out of 44 patients reached the normal range of vitamin D after six months of treatment. Interestingly, the main determinant of vitamin D at baseline was the waist circumference. In addition, 22 patients treated by monthly regimen were evaluated after 18 months of treatment. At the end of follow-up, patients showed normal levels of vitamin D, with increased calcium levels and decreased bone turnover. Waist circumference also decreased. Our results support the efficacy of vitamin D3 given monthly both for correcting hypovitaminosis and for maintaining vitamin D levels. The relationship between serum 25(OH)vitamin D3 concentration and waist circumference supports vitamin D having a protective role in the current setting, since waist size is directly associated with the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Weighing the Benefits and Risks of Medical Marijuana Use: A Brief Review
Authors: Karst Allison
Published: December 2018

Despite federal prohibition of medical marijuana possession, sale, and use, marijuana use continues to escalate as state legalization persists and expands. The purpose of this discussion is to provide a brief summary of the evidence regarding both potential benefits and risks of medical marijuana use.
From A. rhizogenes RolD to Plant P5CS: Exploiting Proline to Control Plant Development
Authors: Trovato Maurizio , Mattioli Roberto , Costantino Paolo
Published: December 2018

The capability of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes to reprogram plant development and induce adventitious hairy roots relies on the expression of a few root-inducing genes (rol A, B, C and D), which can be transferred from large virulence plasmids into the genome of susceptible plant cells. Contrary to rolA, B and C, which are present in all the virulent strains of A. rhizogenes and control hairy root formation by affecting auxin and cytokinin signalling, rolD appeared non-essential and not associated with plant hormones. Its role remained elusive until it was discovered that it codes for a proline synthesis enzyme. The finding that, in addition to its role in protein synthesis and stress adaptation, proline is also involved in hairy roots induction, disclosed a novel role for this amino acid in plant development. Indeed, from this initial finding, proline was shown to be critically involved in a number of developmental processes, such as floral transition, embryo development, pollen fertility and root elongation. In this review, we present a historical survey on the rol genes focusing on the role of rolD and proline in plant development.
The Woman’s Voice in Zionism: Disentangling Paula Winkler from Martin Buber
Authors: Stair Rose
Published: December 2018

This article calls for a reassessment of the thought of Paula Winkler (1877–1958), paying renewed attention to her contributions to the cultural Zionist movement in her work on the domestic space as a site of Jewish cultural renewal. Criticizing the trend in modern Jewish scholarship of focusing on Winkler’s biography and her relationship with her husband Martin Buber at the expense of appreciating her innovations as a Zionist thinker, it proposes and demonstrates a close reading of her work as a corrective. Focusing on Winkler’s 1901 essays on Zionism and the Jewish woman, this article illustrates the important challenges Winkler leveled to Buber and the young Zionist intellectual community by awarding the Jewish woman and the private sphere an active and positive role in the Zionist transformation of Jewish life. It concludes that questions of Winkler’s identity are best approached through her own careful navigation of her liminal status in the Jewish and Zionist communities, and the way that she engages the perspective awarded to her as a woman and a non-Jew to formulate her arguments.
Mathematical Methods and Algorithms for Improving Near-Infrared Tunable Diode-Laser Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Kang Jiawen , Meng Dezhuang , Wang Hongwei , Mu Zhengming , Zhou Meng , Zhang Xiaotong , Chen Chen
Published: December 2018

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology (TDLAS) has been widely applied in gaseous component analysis based on gas molecular absorption spectroscopy. When dealing with molecular absorption signals, the desired signal is usually interfered by various noises from electronic components and optical paths. This paper introduces TDLAS-specific signal processing issues and summarizes effective algorithms so solve these.
Transmission Optimization of Social and Physical Sensor Nodes via Collaborative Beamforming in Cyber-Physical-Social Systems
Authors: Bao Xuecai , Liang Hao , Han Longzhe
Published: December 2018

The recently emerging cyber-physical-social system (CPSS) can enable efficient interactions between the social world and cyber-physical system (CPS). The wireless sensor network (WSN) with physical and social sensor nodes plays an important role in CPSS. The integration of the social sensors and physical sensors in CPSS provides an advantage for smart services in different application areas. However, the dynamics of social mobility for social sensors pose new challenges for implementing the coordination of transmission. Furthermore, the integration of social and physical sensors also faces the challenges in term of improving energy efficiency and increasing transmission range. To solve these problems, we integrate the model of social dynamics with collaborative beamforming (CB) technique to formulate the transmission optimization problem as a dynamic game. A novel transmission scheme based on reinforcement learning is proposed to solve the formulated problem. The corresponding implementation of the proposed transmission scheme in CPSS is presented by the design of message exchange processes. The extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed transmission scheme presents lower interference to noise ratio (INR) and better signal to noise ratio (SNR) performance in comparison with the existing schemes. The results also indicate that the proposed method has effective adaptation to the dynamic mobility of social sensor nodes in CPSS.
A Simple Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor to Detect Organophosphate Pesticides Based on Adenosine Triphosphate-Modified Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Cui Haixin , Zeng Zhanghua
Published: December 2018

A simple and dual modal (colorimetric and fluorescent) sensor for organophosphate pesticides with high sensitivity and selectivity using adenosine triphosphate (ATP)- and rhodamine B-modified gold nanoparticles (RB-AuNPs), was successfully fabricated. This detection for ethoprophos afforded colorimetric and fluorescence imaging changes visualization. The quantitative determination was linearly proportional to the amounts of ethoprophos in the range of a micromolar scale (4.0–15.0 µM). The limit of detection for ethoprophos was as low as 37.0 nM at 3σ/k. Moreover, the extent application of this simple assay was successfully demonstrated in tap water samples with high reliability and applicability, indicating remarkable application in real samples.
A Novel Framework for Road Traffic Risk Assessment with HMM-Based Prediction Model
Authors: Zheng Xunjia , Zhang Di , Gao Hongbo , Zhao Zhiguo , Huang Heye , Wang Jianqiang
Published: December 2018

Over the past decades, there has been significant research effort dedicated to the development of intelligent vehicles and V2X systems. This paper proposes a road traffic risk assessment method for road traffic accident prevention of intelligent vehicles. This method is based on HMM (Hidden Markov Model) and is applied to the prediction of steering angle status to (1) evaluate the probabilities of the steering angle in each independent interval and (2) calculate the road traffic risk in different analysis regions. According to the model, the road traffic risk is quantified and presented directly in a visual form by the time-varying risk map, to ensure the accuracy of assessment and prediction. Experiment results are presented, and the results show the effectiveness of the assessment strategies.
A Fast Calibration Method for Phased Arrays by Using the Graph Coloring Theory
Authors: Yang Lijie , Dang Ruirui , Li Min , Zhao Kailong , Song Chunyi , Xu Zhiwei
Published: December 2018

Phased array radars are able to provide highly accurate airplane surveillance and tracking performance if they are properly calibrated. However, the ambient temperature variation and device aging could greatly deteriorate their performance. Currently, performing a calibration over a large-scale phased array with thousands of antennas is time-consuming. To facilitate the process, we propose a fast calibration method for phased arrays with omnidirectional radiation patterns based on the graph coloring theory. This method transforms the calibration problem into a coloring problem that aims at minimizing the number of used colors. By reusing the calibration time slots spatially, more than one omnidirectional antenna can perform calibration simultaneously. The simulation proves this method can prominently reduce total calibration time and recover the radiation pattern from amplitude and phase errors and noise. It is worth noting that the total calibration time consumed by the proposed method remains constant and is negligible compared with other calibration methods.
On Service Innovation as an Interactive Process: A Case Study of the Engagement with Innovation of a Tourism Service
Authors: Fuglsang Lars , Nordli Anne
Published: December 2018

In the innovation studies literature, the process of innovation has been described as an interactive process that engages many different actors over time in the development and regeneration of goods and services. In the development and regeneration of tourism services, this often includes community actors. Yet, little attention has been paid to the way in which actors grasp the societal environment with which they interact, for example in intimate relationships or interactions with a wider community, and how such interaction formats may in turn affect the innovation process; for example, its desirability and visibility. The paper contributes to service and tourism innovation research by drawing on the concept of engagement to explain three cognitive formats of social interaction between innovators and their social environment. These are familiar engagement, engagement in plan, and engagement in justifiable action. The contribution to service and tourism innovation literature is to show how the varied capabilities of engagement impact innovation. Furthermore, based on a case study on a tourism service, the paper argues that the different formats of engagement typically must be combined and balanced in the innovation process.
Chemical and Sensorial Characteristics of Olive Oil Produced from the Lebanese Olive Variety ‘Baladi’
Authors: El Riachy Milad , Bou-Mitri Christelle , Youssef Amira , Andary Roland , Skaff Wadih
Published: December 2018

The olive oil quality, nutritional and sensorial characteristics are associated with the chemical composition, which is the result of a complex interaction between several environmental, agronomical and technological factors. The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of the geographical origin, harvesting time and processing system on the chemical composition and sensorial characteristics of olive oils produced from the Lebanese olive ‘Baladi’. Samples (n = 108) were collected from North and South Lebanon, at three different harvesting times and from four processing systems. Results showed a strong effect of origin, processing system and harvest time on oil quality, fatty acid composition, total phenols and OSI. The early harvest showed higher total phenols content (220.02 mg GAE/Kg) and higher OSI (9.19 h). Moreover, samples obtained from sinolea and 3-phases recorded the lowest free acidity (0.36% and 0.64%), and the highest OSI (9.87 and 9.84 h). Consumers were not unanimous regarding the studied factors, although samples recording high ranks were mostly from South using sinolea, 3-phases and press systems at early and intermediate harvest. The overall findings suggest that the selection of the harvesting time and of the processing system could have significant influence on the characteristics of the olive oil.
Can Depopulation Create Urban Sustainability in Postindustrial Regions? A Case from Poland
Authors: Runge Anna , Kantor-Pietraga Iwona , Runge Jerzy , Krzysztofik Robert , Dragan Weronika
Published: December 2018

Many towns and cities in the world experience the process of urban shrinkage. This may be observed in localities of different types and of all sizes, including a large group of post-industrial towns and cities of Central and Eastern Europe. One of the districts affected by the urban shrinkage process is the Katowice conurbation in Poland, which may serve as a good example to consider the potential for introducing the idea of sustainable development. In this perspective, sustainability is considered as a specific challenge within the progress of regional transformation, but also a target concept for a large urban region to be followed throughout the evolution and at particular stages of the change. In the discussed region it is all the more important because it is followed by phenomena related to post(industrialism), relatively high pollution levels compared with the European average and a polycentric system of settlement. This paper states that the current urban policy implemented in the Katowice conurbation does not seem to have any palpable effect reversing the trend of depopulation in the region, which seems to stem from the fact that numerous initiatives undertaken in the area are ‘illusory’ and often unnecessary and unjustified. This also applies to activities embracing and fostering the idea of sustainability. With regard to the latter issue, the main concern refers to overinvestment and wasting the measures to reduce low emissions and to make savings in the heat supply system for residential buildings. The Authors proposed a new vision for the transformation of the region. It will respond to the current and expected needs of the residents, while making allowances for multidimensional sustainable development, particularly in terms of housing policy and spatial development. This concept primarily focuses on a new balance between the areas covered by low-rise and high-rise buildings and the reorganisation of the structure of the local economy.
The Relationships of Family, Perceived Digital Competence and Attitude, and Learning Agility in Sustainable Student Engagement in Higher Education
Authors: Kim Hye Jeong , Hong Ah Jeong , Song Hae-Deok
Published: December 2018

College students are often assumed to be digitally fluent as they are “digital natives”, owing to their exposure to digital technologies from an early age. Furthermore, it is assumed that this digital competence is likely to prepare them for learning in college. However, it has been observed that current college students who are “digital natives” may or may not effectively apply digital technologies during their college education. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of college students’ prior digital experiences, particularly their families’ influence, on their in-college digital competence and attitude, and by extension, on student engagement. A total of 381 university students were surveyed in this study. Data was obtained from a self-administered, online survey and analyzed using partial least squares, which also evaluated the research model. According to the findings of this study, students’ positive prior digital experience significantly influences their perceived digital competence and their attitude toward digital technologies. In addition, our research also indicates that college students’ perceived digital competence and attitudes are mediated by their learning agility, which is the ability to continuously learn and the willingness to apply acquired knowledge. This article may thus act as a springboard for further empirical research, as well as for examining the nature of students’ prior and positive experiences and learning agility in digital competencies.
Participatory Guarantee Systems in Peru: Two Case Studies in Lima and Apurímac and the Role of Capacity Building in the Food Chain
Authors: Binder Nathalie , Vogl Christian
Published: December 2018

Participatory guarantee systems (PGS) are an emerging strategy in the organic farming and agroecology movement for ensuring the sustainable origin of food. This study focused on the perspectives of stakeholders involved in PGS in Peru (Lima and Apurímac) in order to acquire a greater understanding of how these PGS operate and the context in which they are embedded. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used for data collection in 2016. PGS in Peru have a fairly centralized pyramid structure, with non-governmental organizations and regional farmers’ associations the main driving forces behind PGS implementation. Improved access to markets and additional commercialization channels are major motivations for farmers to participate in PGS, but major difficulties in these two areas are still being encountered in both regions. There is a high demand among farmers for technical training. Farmers acting as internal evaluators play a special role in their local nuclei and are crucial in the PGS process. The PGS in Lima and Apurímac are an important tool in the agro-ecological movement in Peru and offer considerable potential for the support of small-scale farmers. However, there is a need for official recognition and support together with improvements in internal organization and communication for PGS to be able to maintain their principles.
Optimized Planning of Different Crops in a Field Using Optimal Control in Portugal
Authors: Pereira Rui M. S. , Lopes Sofia , Caldeira Amélia , Fonte Victor
Published: December 2018

Climate change is a proven fact. In the report of 2007 from IPCC, one can read that global warming is an issue to be dealt with urgently. In many parts of the world, the estimated rise of temperature (in a very near future) is significant. One of the most affected regions is the Iberian Peninsula, where the increasing need for water will very soon be a problem. Therefore, it is necessary that decision makers are able to decide on all issues related to water management. In this paper, we show a couple of mathematical models that can aid the decision making in the management of an agricultural field at a given location. Having a field, in which different crops can be produced, the solution of the first model indicates the area that should be used for each crop so that the profit is as large as possible, while the water spent is the smallest possible guaranteeing the water requirements of each crop. Using known data for these crops in Portugal, including costs of labour, machines, energy and water, as well as the estimated value of the products obtained, the first mathematical model developed, via optimal control theory, obtains the best management solution. It allows creating different scenarios, thus it can be a valuable tool to help the farmer/decision maker decide the crop and its area to be cultivated. A second mathematical model was developed. It improves the first one, in the sense that it allows considering that water from the rainfall can be collected in a reservoir with a given capacity. The contribution of the collected water from the rainfall in the profit obtained for some different scenarios is also shown.
Research on the Optimization of Regional Green Infrastructure Network
Authors: Shi Xuemin , Qin Mingzhou
Published: December 2018

With the rapid rate of urbanization, green infrastructure land is increasingly being converted to urban construction land, and the fragmentation of regional green infrastructure (GI) networks is intensifying. The connectivity of a GI network is of paramount importance for maintaining both regional biodiversity and regional ecosystem service capacity, among others. In this paper, an innovative approach to planning a GI network is presented. The proposed approach is based on the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) method, minimum path method, and circuit theory. Using the Zhengzhou–Kaifeng metropolitan area in China as a case study, we argue that the combination of the MSPA method and circuit theory can more fully and comprehensively identify the components of a GI network and its key areas. The methodology consists of three steps: (i) Identifying the cores and bridges of the GI by the MSPA method based on land use data, followed by determining the hubs of the GI network by assessing the connectivity of the core area; (ii) establishing potential connecting corridors between hubs by the minimum path method; (iii) identifying the “pinch point” area of the potential connecting corridors based on current density by applying circuit theory. This approach not only makes identification of the “hubs” and “links” in the green infrastructure network more scientific and comprehensive, but it also further identifies “pinch point” areas of the connecting corridors that require priority protection or recovery. The research results can be used as a practical reference for urban planners when planning urban land use.
Land Inequality and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cipollina Maria , Cuffaro Nadia , D’Agostino Giovanna
Published: December 2018

Increasing commercial pressure on land may lead to land concentration in developing countries, especially in the context of complex systems of property rights. In this article we review through meta-analysis (MA) the econometric findings of the literature estimating the nexus between land inequality and economic growth. In particular, our MA controls for various features of the studies and for the so-called “publication bias”, and shows that land-inequality negatively affects economic growth, especially at low development levels. Analysis based on panel data, which generally imply a relatively short run perspective, typically report a lower or positive correlation between land inequality and growth, suggesting that the negative impact of land inequality emerges in the long run, possibly through credit constraints and institutional mechanisms.
Exotic Baryons in Chiral Soliton Models
Authors: Weigel Herbert
Published: December 2018

We cautiously review the treatment of pentaquark exotic baryons in chiral soliton models. We consider two examples and argue that any consistent and self-contained description must go beyond the mean field approximation that only considers the classical soliton and the canonical quantization of its (would-be) zero modes via collective coordinates.
A tutorial review of stereoretentive olefin metathesis based on ruthenium dithiolate catalysts
Authors: Müller Daniel S , Baslé Olivier , Mauduit Marc
Published: December 2018

Stereoretentive olefin metathesis based on ruthenium dithiolate complexes has become a very active field of research within the past years. This unique catalyst class is able to kinetically produce both Z- and E-alkenes in high stereochemical purity (typically >95:5) starting from stereochemically pure Z- or E-alkenes. The aim of this tutorial review is to organize the reported information concerning ruthenium dithiolate catalysts in a logic manner, thus providing an "operators handbook" for chemists who wish to apply this methodology in synthesis.
VANDENVALOS ĮMONĖS ĮTAKA NERIES UPĖS VANDENS KOKYBĖS PARAMETRŲ KAITAI
Authors: MARAUSKAITĖ Aistė , LITVINAITIS Andrius
Published: December 2018

Užteršto nutekamojo vandens sparčiai daugėja, kadangi plečiasi gamyba, auga miestai ir didėja gyventojų skaičius. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama sutelktojo taršos šaltinio įtaka Neries upės vandens kokybei. Siekiant išanalizuoti taršos šaltinio poveikį upei, buvo vykdomas vandens monitoringas 3 upės vietose – prieš Vilniaus miestą, prieš nuotekų valyklą ir už nuotekų valyklos. Tyrimo metu upės vandenyje nustatytos padidėjusios tiriamųjų medžiagų koncentracijos žemiau nuotekų valyklos, taip pat nustatytos priežastys ir dėsningumai.
VILNIAUS MIESTO CENTRINĖS DALIES DIRVOŽEMIO UŽTERŠTUMO SUNKIAISIAIS METALAIS TYRIMAI
Authors: DOBILAITĖ Eglė , IGNATAVIČIUS Gytautas , VALSKYS Vaidotas
Published: December 2018

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Vilniaus miesto senamiesčio ir Šnipiškių mikrorajono dalių dirvožemio tarša sunkiaisiais metalais. Tyrimai atlikti rentgeno fluorescenciniu spektrometru Niton XL2. Analizuojami Vilniaus miesto senamiesčio ir Šnipiškių mikrorajono teritorijų dirvožemio kokybiniai parametrai: sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos (Cu, Pb, Zn) erdvinis pasiskirstymas. Gauti rezultatai apdoroti „ArcMap“ programine įranga, kuria naudojantis tiriamojoje teritorijoje atlikta sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijų interpoliacija. Pateikiami ir aptariami tyrimų duomenys, kurie lyginami su aplinkosauginiais normatyvais. Įvertinamos potencialiai pavojingiausios Vilniaus miesto centrinės dalies teritorijos, kuriose nustatytos didžiausios sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos. Atlikus išsamius urbanizuotos teritorijos dirvožemio tyrimus, galima įvertinti antropogeninio poveikio mastą, kuris gali būti kenksmingas žmogaus sveikatai ir visai dirvožemio ekosistemai.
KUOSINĖS UPELIO SAVAIMINIO APSIVALYMO EFEKTYVUMAS
Authors: PAJAUJIS Marius , ŠAULYS Valentinas
Published: December 2018

Darbe nagrinėjamas Kuosinės upelio savaiminio apsivalymo efektyvumas nuo azoto ir fosforo junginių. Pasirinkti du upelio ruožai po 4 kilometrus: reguliuotas ir natūralus. Vandens kokybės tyrimai buvo vykdomi nuo 2017 m. vasario mėnesio. Cheminiams tyrimams 12 mėnesių buvo imami mėginiai ir tiriamos nitratų ir fosfatų koncentracijos. Vidutiniškai per tyrimų laikotarpį 2017–2018 m. reguliuotame ruože apsivalymas nuo nitratinio azoto siekė 0,31 mg/l, o natūraliame ruože vidutiniškai sumažėjo 1,07 mg/l. Vidutinis apsivalymas nuo fosfatų reguliuotame ruože siekė 0,18 mg/l, o natūraliame ruože 0,15 mg/l. Atlikus dispersinę duomenų analizę esant 95 % patikimumo lygiui nustatyta, kad apsivalymas tiek nuo nitratų, tiek nuo fosfatų natūraliame upelio ruože iš esmės skiriasi, o reguliuotame ruože yra neesminis. Įvertinus Kuosinės upelio savaiminį apsivalymą panaudojant 2014–2018 m. sukauptus 24 mėn. eilės duomenis ir atlikus duomenų dispersinę analizę, paaiškėjo, kad upelio savaiminis apsivalymas nuo nitratinio azoto reguliuotame ir natūraliame upelio ruožuose, esant 95 % patikimumo lygiui, skiriasi iš esmės. Atlikus dispersinę duomenų analizę fosfatų atveju paaiškėjo, kad Kuosinės upelio savaiminis apsivalymas nuo fosfatų reguliuotame ir natūraliame upelio ruožuose, esant 95 % patikimumo lygiui, neesminis. Gerinant upelio savaiminį apsivalymą siūloma taikyti švelniosios natūralizacijos priemones: sudaryti sąlygas vagoje formuotis įvairesniems biotopams – rėvoms ir duburiams, vingiams, apželdinti pakrantes medžiais ir nepamiršti, kad upeliai Lietuvoje buvo reguliuojami žemės ūkio naudmenų sausinimo tikslams, todėl siekiant natūralizavimo tikslų, būtina suderinti upelių sausinamąją ir gamtosauginę funkcijas.
PIRMINIO DUMBLO HIDROLIZĖS TYRIMAI
Authors: SINKEVIČIŪTĖ Agnė , DAUKNYS Regimantas
Published: December 2018

Svarbu užtikrinti tinkamą nuotekų valymo procesą tam, kad išleidžiamų nuotekų kokybė atitiktų keliamus reikalavimus, ypač pagal azoto ir fosforo junginius. Dažnas reiškinys yra organinės anglies trūkumas valomose nuotekose. Vienas iš sprendimo būdų yra pirminio dumblo hidrolizė, kurios produktai gali būti naudojami kaip išorinis anglies šaltinis azoto ir fosforo šalinimo efektyvumui padidinti. Tyrimas atliktas palaikant skirtingas dumblo amžiaus reikšmes. Nustatyta, kad optimalus dumblo amžius hidrolizės procesui vykti yra 5–6 paros. Esant tokioms dumblo amžiaus reikšmėms, BDS7 susidarymo efektyvumas siekia 81 %, kai BSM suskaidymas yra 4,6 %.
NAUDOTŲ MEDINIŲ GELEŽINKELIO PABĖGIŲ UŽTERŠTUMO TYRIMAI IR JŲ, KAIP ATLIEKŲ, PAVOJINGUMO VERTINIMAS
Authors: VILNIŠKIS Rokas , VAIŠKŪNAITĖ Rasa
Published: December 2018

Mediniai geležinkelio pabėgiai prieš naudojimą yra impregnuojami kreozotu siekiant padidinti jų ilgaamžiškumą ir apsaugoti nuo neigiamo aplinkos poveikio. Kreozotą sudaro policikliniai aromatiniai angliavandeniliai (PAA), fenolių junginiai ir heterocikliniai aromatiniai junginiai, kurie yra stiprūs kancerogenai. Be PAA ir fenolių junginių, mediniai geležinkelio pabėgiai gali būti užteršti sunkiaisiais metalais ir naftos produktais. Išimti iš geležinkelio kelio mediniai pabėgiai tampa atliekomis, kurios turi būti tvarkomos vadovaujantis galiojančiais teisės aktais. Atlikus laboratorinius tyrimus ir nustačius medinių geležinkelio pabėgių atliekų pavojingumą, joms yra priskiriamas arba pavojingųjų, arba nepavojingųjų atliekų kodas. Atlikus tyrimus nustatyta, kad tiriamosios medinių geležinkelio pabėgių atliekos yra pavojingosios atliekos.
Kinematics of Type II Cepheids of the Galactic Halo
Authors: Wallerstein George , Farrell Elizabeth M.
Published: December 2018

In a step toward understanding the origin of the Galactic Halo, we have reexamined Type II Cepheids (T2C) in the field with new input from the second data release (DR2) of Gaia. For 45 T2C with periods from 1 to 20 days, parallaxes, proper motions, and [Fe/H] values are available for 25 stars. Only five show [Fe/H] < −1.5, while the remaining stars show thick disk kinematics and [Fe/H] > −0.90. We have compared the T2C stars of the field with their cousins in the globular clusters of the Halo and found that the globular clusters with T2C stars show metallicities and kinematics of a pure Halo population. The globular cluster may have formed during the overall collapse of the Galaxy, while the individual thick disk T2C stars may have been captured from small systems that self-enriched prior to capture. The relationship of these two populations to the microgalaxies currently recognized as surrounding the Galaxy is unclear.
Evolution of Photospheric Vector Magnetic Field Associated with Moving Flare Ribbons as Seen by GST
Authors: Liu Chang , Cao Wenda , Chae Jongchul , Ahn Kwangsu , Choudhary Debi Prasad , Lee Jeongwoo , Liu Rui , Deng Na , Wang Jiasheng , Wang Haimin
Published: December 2018

The photospheric response to solar flares, also known as coronal back reaction, is often observed as sudden flare-induced changes in the vector magnetic field and sunspot motions. However, it remains obscure whether evolving flare ribbons, the flare signature closest to the photosphere, are accompanied by changes in vector magnetic field therein. Here we explore the relationship between the dynamics of flare ribbons in the chromosphere and variations of magnetic fields in the underlying photosphere, using high-resolution off-band Hα images and near-infrared vector magnetograms of the M6.5 flare on 2015 June 22 observed with the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope. We find that changes of photospheric fields occur at the arrival of the flare ribbon front, thus propagating analogously to flare ribbons. In general, the horizontal field increases and the field lines become more inclined to the surface. When ribbons sweep through regions that undergo a rotational motion, the fields transiently become more vertical with decreased horizontal field and inclination angle, and then restore and/or become more horizontal than before the ribbon arrival. The ribbon propagation decelerates near the sunspot rotation center, where the vertical field becomes permanently enhanced. Similar magnetic field changes are discernible in magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), and an inward collapse of coronal magnetic fields is inferred from the time sequence of nonlinear force-free field models extrapolated from HMI magnetograms. We conclude that photospheric fields respond nearly instantaneously to magnetic reconnection in the corona.
Invention et réinvention de la « programmation générative » des projets : une opportunité de collaboration entre architecture et sciences humaines et sociales pour des modes d’habiter « durables »
Authors: Zetlaoui-Léger Jodelle
Published: December 2018

Cet article évoque les différents développements qu’a connus en France une méthode visant une meilleure analyse de la demande sociale d’habitat : « la programmation générative » des projets. Il revient dans un premier temps sur les conditions d’émergence, les apports et les difficultés de diffusion de cette méthode mise au point par des chercheurs-praticiens du Centre scientifique et technique du bâtiment à la charnière des années 1980-1990. Basée sur un travail itératif entre programmation et conception mené par un binôme spécialiste en sciences sociales et humaines / architecte, elle visait à explorer conjointement, dans le cadre d’un dispositif concerté associant maître d’ouvrage et utilisateurs, des problématiques d’usages, d’appropriation et de gestion ultérieure des espaces. La contribution s’intéresse ensuite à la façon dont la complexification des projets architecturaux et urbains liée à la diversification des acteurs impliqués, aux incertitudes économiques fragilisant leur faisabilité, et à la montée en puissance des enjeux de développement durable, conduit ces dernières années à faire évoluer les processus opérationnels selon des modalités qui reprennent un certain nombre des principes de la méthode de programmation générative. L’article est illustré par des exemples issus de plusieurs recherches et expérimentations auxquelles l’auteure a participé, portant sur les fondements et prolongements de la méthode dans le cadre de dispositifs participatifs. Il montre ainsi dans quelle mesure la programmation, comme activité permettant à une collectivité de définir ses attendus tout au long d’un projet, peut, dans un dialogue avec la conception spatiale, conférer une dimension véritablement opératoire aux apports des sciences humaines et sociales dans le champ de la production architecturale et urbaine.
Risk factors for mycotoxin contamination of buckwheat grain and its products
Authors: Keriene I. , Mankeviciene A. , Cesnuleviciene R.
Published: December 2018

The United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organisation have indicated that higher contamination of agricultural produce with mycotoxins is associated with the alterations in the weather conditions. The aim of the current study was to quantify mycotoxin contamination on buckwheat grain at early and complete ripening stages and to estimate the effects of the weather conditions on mycotoxin occurrence as well as to consider natural measures that could potentially reduce mycotoxin contamination in buckwheat products. Mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2), zearalenone (ZEA), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA) were analysed in fully ripe buckwheat grain in 2013 and at early ripening stages in 2014 and 2015. The field trials of buckwheat were set up at the Perloja Experimental Station, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. The least concentrations of the investigated mycotoxins in buckwheat grain were found in 2013. Particularly high concentrations of AFB1 (up to ~72 μg/kg) were identified in buckwheat grain at early ripening stages in 2014 and 2015. It is likely that buckwheat grain were contaminated with AFB1 under favourable weather conditions, which were uncharacteristic of Lithuania’s climate in 2014 and 2015: hot weather and drought prevailed during the buckwheat flowering and ripening stages. However, such meteorological conditions were less favourable for the synthesis of DON, T-2, ZEA and OTA mycotoxins in buckwheat grain. The high AFB1 contents found in grain question the quality of buckwheat products. Hulls were 10-fold more contaminated with AFB1 than grain, which suggests that they serve as a protective shield against buckwheat groat, bran and flour contamination with this mycotoxin. Phenolic compounds were found to decrease the risk of mycotoxin occurrence in grain: with increasing concentrations of rutin, quercetin and total phenolics content in hulls and grain samples, the contents of trichothecene mycotoxins were significantly (P<0.05) lower.
Écoles arabo-musulmanes à la frontière du Brésil et du Paraguay : reproduction culturelle et différences générationnelles
Authors: Montenegro Silvia
Published: December 2018

Les communautés musulmanes situées à la frontière du Brésil et du Paraguay – notamment à Foz de Iguaçu et Ciudad del Este – sont constituées d’immigrants libanais et de leurs descendants qui, il y a plusieurs décennies, ont créé des institutions religieuses respectant les frontières théologiques entre chiites et sunnites. Les pionniers, arrivés dans la région au cours des années 1960, et les nombreux immigrants de la seconde moitié des années 1980, ont développé des stratégies visant à la préservation de l’identité culturelle et ethnique de leurs descendants nés au Brésil et au Paraguay. Dans ce contexte, la création d’écoles arabo-musulmanes fut l’un de leurs projets les plus importants. Cet article analyse l’orientation identitaire des écoles arabo-musulmanes et les tensions existant entre aspirations à la reproduction culturelle de ces institutions et styles de vie des nouvelles générations nées dans la région. Il s’appuie sur un travail de terrain réalisé dans trois écoles de la frontière : l’École arabo-brésilienne de Foz de Iguaçu (400 élèves), l’École libano-brésilienne de cette même ville (700 élèves) et le Collège libanais de Ciudad del Este (350 élèves).
Nationalisme religieux et ethnicité : la formation identitaire de la communauté Hizmet au Brésil
Authors: Dumovich Liza
Published: December 2018

Hizmet est un mouvement turc islamique transnational, de caractère missionnaire, conduit par le chef religieux charismatique Fethullah Gülen. Il existe dans environ 140 pays en tant qu’élément d’un projet civilisationnel de réforme morale de la société globale. Cet article présente la communauté Hizmet au Brésil (établie en 2004) et analyse la construction de son identité en montrant comment l’ethnicité turque et le nationalisme religieux s’articulent dans ce processus.
Insurrections populaires dans le Sud global : un retour de la lutte des classes sans classes ?
Authors: Braga Ruy
Published: December 2018

Dans divers contextes nationaux, la crise de la globalisation qui s’est ouverte en 2008 a accentué l’adoption par les gouvernements concernés de politiques néolibérales. Elles ont été caractérisées par de profondes transformations, notamment l’affaiblissement des protections sociales, qui a conduit à une accentuation de la précarisation du travail. La détérioration de la relation salariale fordiste et l’augmentation du chômage ont permis dans des pays très divers, une croissance du travail informel enlevant aux travailleurs leur protection contractuelle, augmentant l’instabilité de l’emploi (accélération des taux de rotation et intermittence). Les négociations collectives sont devenues de plus en plus décentralisées et les contrats de travail plus précaires et individualisés, détruisant la capacité protectrice de « l’économie morale des pauvres » et faisant de l’action directe l’unique alternative possible pour que le « précariat » puisse exprimer ses revendications. Peut-on parler d’un retour à la « lutte des classes sans classes » ? C’est la question à laquelle cet article tente de répondre à partir de la comparaison des expériences de classe des travailleurs pauvres et précaires dans trois pays considérés comme appartenant au Sud global : Portugal, Afrique du Sud et Brésil.
Development of Alumni and Employer Opinion Survey Instruments for Athletic Training Education Programs
Authors: Carr W. David , Volberding Jennifer
Published: December 2018

Context: Measurements of the opinions of alumni and employers are utilized by many athletic training education programs (ATEPs). Information obtained from such measurements can be useful in determining the strengths and weaknesses of a program.

Objective: To describe the development of two instruments designed to elicit the opinions of recent athletic training (AT) graduates and employers of AT graduates. The Athletic Training Alumni Opinion Survey (ATAOS) and Athletic Training Employer Opinion Survey (ATEOS). Design and Setting: A critical review of the instruments by groups of recent AT graduates, employers of recent AT graduates, and ATEP directors established validity. To determine reliability, we used a test-retest method in which participants completed the assessment twice.

Participants: We solicited recent graduates (n = 121 first completion and n = 52 for second completion) from a random sample of accredited ATEPs across the nation. Participants gave us permission to contact their employers (n = 47 first completion and n = 23 second completion).

Data Collection and Analysis: We collected data via Qualtics (Qualtrics, Inc., Provo, UT). For our analysis, we entered test-retest data into SPSS 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). For both alumni and employers, we calculated Cronbach's alpha scores for each variable on the first completion set of data and Pearson product correlations between the first completion and second completion data set for each variable.

Results: Cronbach's alpha scores for both the ATAOS (〈= .820) and ATEOS (〈= .971) instruments were high. Correlation values for each variable were moderate to high except for one variable within the ATAOS instrument (Importance of Advising) and one variable within the ATEOS instrument (Foundation Professional Behavior of Legal Practice).

Conclusions: We have developed a valid and reliable set of instruments that we hope all accredited ATEPs use as part of their overall assessment system.