bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amaral, Carlos E. P. (coord.) Federalismo em tempos de renacionalização. Coimbra: Edições Almedina, 2019, 305 p. ISBN: 978-972-408924-6
Authors: Fontes Paulo Vitorino
Published: October 2020

Em tempos de novos nacionalismos e autoritarismos, surge esta obra coletiva, abrangente e interdisciplinar que nos apresenta o federalismo enquanto sistema político capaz de corresponder aos desafios da contemporaneidade. A proposta federal, que é pouco compreendida nos dias de hoje, poderá responder aos novos desafios, tanto a nível interno, na estruturação dos Estados, como a nível externo, europeu e internacional, na configuração de novas comunidades políticas.Palavras-chave: Federalismo; Estado; Europa.ABSTRACTIn times of new nationalisms and authoritarianisms, this comprehensive and interdisciplinary collective work presents federalism as a political system capable of corresponding to the challenges of contemporaneity. The federal proposal, which is poorly understood today, will be able to respond to new challenges at both an internal level, in the structuring of States, and an external, European and international one, in the configuration of new political communities. Key words: Federalism; State; Europe. Recebido em: 28 jul.2020 | Aceito em: 01 set.2020.
Day-case pelvic osteotomy for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Moore Dave M. , Sheridan Gerard A. , Kelly Paula M. , Moore David P. , McCarthy Kevin F.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

In this article we report the results of a pilot study analysing the implications of performing pelvic osteotomies for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) as a day case. We assess the advantages of performing paediatric pelvic osteotomies as day-case procedures from a financial perspective and from an in-patient bed resource point of view.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study analysing Salter and Pemberton pelvic osteotomies performed for DDH over a three-year period from 1st January 2017 to 30th September 2019. All patients residing within 50 km of the hospital were eligible for day-case procedures. All other cases were performed as in-patients. A detailed financial costing analysis was performed and the in-patient resources utilized were documented and compared between the two models of care.

Results

In total, 84 Salter and Pemberton osteotomies were performed between 1st January 2017 to 30th September 2019. Of these cases, 35 were performed as day-case procedures. A total reduction in 70 in-patient bed days was reported. Total costs for a single in-patient requiring two nights of admission amounted to €5,752, whereas the discharge cost of a day case was reported at €2,670. The savings made by our institution amounted to €3,082 per day case. A total saving of €102,696 was made over three years. In all, seven day-case patients re-attended due to inadequate pain control. They required overnight admission and were discharged uneventfully the following day.

Conclusion

Day-case pelvic osteotomies significantly reduce the number of in-patient bed days used in an elective paediatric orthopaedic setting. Significant financial savings in excess of €3,000 per case are possible. The introduction of day-case pelvic osteotomy procedures can significantly improve the cost-effectiveness of managing DDH provided there are clear protocols in place with close clinical follow-up.

Level of evidence

IV
Grammar and text production in Secondary Education teaching materials of Basque, Spanish and English: Reflections on an integrated didactics of languages
Authors: Manterola Ibon , Díaz de Gereñu Lasaga Leire , Almgren Margareta
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una reflexión sobre la didáctica integrada de lenguas en el contexto de la educación plurilingüe vasca, basada en un análisis de una muestra de materiales didácticos. En el presente trabajo se ha focalizado en algunos aspectos de la producción de géneros textuales expositivos, tal y como se proponen en unidades didácticas de euskera, español e inglés de primero de secundaria. Se ha analizado, desde un punto de vista textual, el tratamiento de un aspecto gramatical específico como los conectores u organizadores textuales. Los resultados señalan que las unidades analizadas se basan en diversos criterios comunes y coordinados, lo que supone un avance hacia la didáctica integrada de lenguas. Asimismo, el análisis revela que cada unidad didáctica refleja una tradición distinta de la enseñanza del texto y de la gramática. El artículo concluye subrayando los retos derivados del hecho de que existan diferencias conceptuales y metodológicas en el tratamiento de la gramática. Estas diferencias afectan a la explotación del género textual como recurso didáctico, así como a la implementación de una didáctica integrada de lenguas.
Actividad metalingüística y reflexión durante la escritura cooperativa en Secundaria
Authors: Reig Aina
Published: October 2020

Este artículo presenta los principales resultados de un estudio que se propone el análisis de la actividad metalingüística durante el proceso de composición escrita en pequeño grupo y en el marco de una secuencia didáctica. La secuencia tiene como objetivo la elaboración de un texto académico a partir de la lectura de diferentes fuentes de documentación. Los datos se extraen, por lo tanto, de las conversaciones de dos equipos durante la escritura cooperativa a lo largo de tres sesiones. Entre las dos primeras y la tercera se introducen dinámicas de regulación externa. El trabajo muestra en qué momentos de la SD se produce la actividad metalingüística, permite conocer el contenido de esta actividad y su evolución, y señala los factores que fomentan la actividad metalingüística y la reflexión sobre la lengua, el texto y el discurso.
La clase de lengua como espacio de resistencia a la mirada monocéntrica y unipolar del español
Authors: López García María
Published: October 2020

El artículo se propone, desde un enfoque glotopolítico, repasar, en primer lugar, la gestión de discursos de regulación lingüística monocéntrica en vínculo con razones estatales y trasnacionales, así como las políticas que habilitan la coexistencia de un control monocéntrico y un discurso pluricéntrico de la lengua española En especial, atenderá al impacto del solapamiento de discursos monocéntricos y pluricéntricos en la enseñanza escolar argentina y en las estrategias implementadas por esta institución para perpetuar representaciones desprestigiantes de las variedades y lenguas de la región. Luego, dará cuenta de algunas condiciones teórico metodológicas para el estudio del español como lengua pluricéntrica, y de las representaciones de los estándares regionales (variedades no dominantes), su descripción y su estatus relativo. Finalmente, mostrará alternativas de trabajo escolar que, apoyadas en las pedagogías críticas, permitan visibilizar en el aula tanto los aspectos políticos entrañados por las lenguas/variedades como la capacidad del aparato metalingüístico para validar la lengua en uso.
Source rock and shale oil potential of the Pabdeh Formation (Middle–Late Eocene) in the Dezful Embayment, southwest Iran
Authors: Alizadeh B. , Opera A. , Kalani M. , Alipour M.
Published: October 2020

The Pabdeh Brown Shale Unit (BSU) is an organic-rich calcareous mudstone within the Paleogene Pabdeh Formation, which has not yet been investigated in detail. A total of 166 core and cutting samples were selected from four wells in the Dezful Embayment to investigate the organic geochemical and the mineralogical compositions, as well as the shale oil potential of the BSU. XRD results show that it is mainly comprised of calcite (53wt.%), clay minerals (25wt.%), and quartz (14wt.%). TOC contents generally range from 1 to 9wt.% (avg. 4.2, 2.9, 5.2 and 3.3wt.%, for GS, KR, RR and RS wells, respectively) with HI values ranging between 400 and 650 mg HC/g TOC. Based on average values of T max and vitrinite reflectance, as well as saturate biomarker ratios, the BSU is immature at wells RR and RS (ranging from 0.3 to 0.53%) and its maturity increases northward at wells KR and GS (ranging from 0.5% to 0.67%). The organic matter is dominated by Type ΙΙ kerogen and is generally composed of liptinite and amorphous material with minor terrestrial input. Based on various biomarker parameters, the organic matter was most likely deposited under anoxic marine conditions. The mineralogical characteristics (i.e. presence of brittle minerals) and organic geochemical properties (i.e. TOC 2wt% and Type II kerogen) support the conclusion that the Pabdeh BSU displays a considerable shale oil potential where it attains appropriate thermal maturity.
All-fiber phase modulator and switch based on local surface plasmon resonance effect of the gold nanoparticles embedded in gel membrane
Authors: Luo Meng , Yang Xinghua , Teng Pingping , Liu Zhihai , Yang Jun , Kong Depeng , Gao Danheng , Li Zhanao , Wen Xingyue , Yu Ximiao , Yuan Libo , Li Kang , Bowkett Mark , Copner Nigel , Wang Xiaozhang
Published: October 2020

All-fiber modulators and switches have drawn great interest in the photonics domain, and they are applied in viable photonic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, with the assistance of an agarose membrane, aspherical gold nanoparticles are embedded on the surface of the microfiber treated with the piranha solution. An all-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer was used to realize a low-cost, low-loss, and conveniently prepared all-fiber phase modulator. By taking advantage of the local surface plasmon resonance effect of gold nanoparticles embedded in the agarose membrane, under the excitation of near-infrared region light, the gold nanoparticles were excited to change the effective refractive index of one arm of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. A maximum phase shift of

∼

6

π

at 1550 nm was obtained from the device. In addition, an all-optical switch was achieved with a rising edge time of 47 ms and falling edge time of 14 ms. The proposed all-fiber modulator and switch based on the local surface plasmon resonance effect of gold nanoparticles embedded in agarose membrane will provide great potential in all-optical fiber systems.
Development of a multilingual digital signage system using a directional volumetric display and language identification
Authors: Baba Mitsuru , Imamura Tomoya , Hoshikawa Naoto , Nakayama Hirotaka , Ito Tomoyoshi , Shiraki Atsushi
Published: October 2020

In a previous study, we have developed a directional volumetric display that handles multiple directional images. To realize a multilingual digital signage system, we implement a language identification function on the directional volumetric display. The language identification (English, Spanish or French) is performed using a convolutional neural network. The discrimination accuracy of the three languages is 91.9%. Combining the language identification function with the directional volumetric display, an image can be directed toward a specific speaker. The result is a multilingual digital signage system that adapts the image presentation to the spoken language.
All-optical motion control of metal nanoparticles powered by propulsion forces tailored in 3D trajectories
Authors: Rodrigo José A. , Angulo Mercedes , Alieva Tatiana
Published: October 2020

Increasing interest has been drawn to optical manipulation of metal (plasmonic) nanoparticles due to their unique response on electromagnetic radiation, prompting numerous applications in nanofabrication, photonics, sensing, etc. The familiar point-like laser tweezers rely on the exclusive use of optical confinement forces that allow stable trapping of a single metal nanoparticle in 3D. Simultaneous all-optical (contactless) confinement and motion control of single and multiple metal nanoparticles is one of the major challenges to be overcome. This article reports and provides guidance on mastering a sophisticated manipulation technique harnessing confinement and propulsion forces, enabling simultaneous all-optical confinement and motion control of nanoparticles along 3D trajectories. As an example, for the first time to our knowledge, programmable transport of gold and silver nanospheres with a radius of 50 and 30 nm, respectively, along 3D trajectories tailored on demand, is experimentally demonstrated. It has been achieved by an independent design of both types of optical forces in a single-beam laser trap in the form of a reconfigurable 3D curve. The controlled motion of multiple nanoparticles, far away from chamber walls, allows studying induced electrodynamic interactions between them, such as plasmonic coupling, observed in the presented experiments. The independent control of optical confinement and propulsion forces provides enhanced flexibility to manipulate matter with light, paving the way to new applications involving the formation, sorting, delivery, and assembling of nanostructures.
First experimental demonstration of coherent beam combining of more than 100 beams
Authors: Chang Hongxiang , Chang Qi , Xi Jiachao , Hou Tianyue , Su Rongtao , Ma Pengfei , Wu Jian , Li Can , Jiang Man , Ma Yanxing , Zhou Pu
Published: October 2020

Coherent beam combining of 107 beams has been demonstrated for the first time to the best of our knowledge. When the system was in closed loop, the pattern in far-field was stable and the fringe contrast was

>
96
%

. The impact of the dynamic tilt error, the piston error, and power inconsistency was theoretically analyzed. Meanwhile, the distribution law of dynamic tilt error was estimated and the correlation of the tilt dithering of different axis was analyzed statistically. The ratio of power in the central lobe was

∼
22.5
%

. The phase residue error in the closed loop was

∼
λ
/
22

, which was evaluated by the root-mean-square error of the signal generated from the photoelectric detector.
Graph-theoretical formulation of the generalized epitope-based vaccine design problem
Authors: Dorigatti Emilio , Schubert Benjamin
Published: October 2020

Epitope-based vaccines have revolutionized vaccine research in the last decades. Due to their complex nature, bioinformatics plays a pivotal role in their development. However, existing algorithms address only specific parts of the design process or are unable to provide formal guarantees on the quality of the solution. We present a unifying formalism of the general epitope vaccine design problem that tackles all phases of the design process simultaneously and combines all prevalent design principles. We then demonstrate how to formulate the developed formalism as an integer linear program, which guarantees optimality of the designs. This makes it possible to explore new regions of the vaccine design space, analyze the trade-offs between the design phases, and balance the many requirements of vaccines.
The economic impact and cost-effectiveness of combined vector-control and dengue vaccination strategies in Thailand: results from a dynamic transmission model
Authors: Knerer Gerhart , Currie Christine S. M. , Brailsford Sally C.
Published: October 2020

Background and aims

Dengue fever is a major public health problem in tropical/subtropical regions. Prior economic analyses have predominantly evaluated either vaccination or vector-control programmes in isolation and do not really consider the incremental benefits and cost-effectiveness of mixed strategies and combination control. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of single and combined approaches in Thailand.

Methods

The impacts of different control interventions were analysed using a previously published mathematical model of dengue epidemiology and control incorporating seasonality, age structure, consecutive infection, cross protection, immune enhancement and combined vector-host transmission. An economic model was applied to simulation results to estimate the cost-effectiveness of 4 interventions and their various combinations (6 strategies): i) routine vaccination of 1-year olds; ii) chemical vector control strategies targeting adult and larval stages separately; iii) environmental management/ public health education and awareness [EM/ PHEA]). Payer and societal perspectives were considered. The health burden of dengue fever was assessed using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost. Costs and effects were assessed for 10 years. Costs were discounted at 3% annually and updated to 2013 United States Dollars. Incremental cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out after strategies were rank-ordered by cost, with results presented in a table of incremental analysis. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were undertaken; and the impact and cost-effectiveness ofWolbachiawas evaluated in exploratory scenario analyses.

Results

From the payer and societal perspectives, 2 combination strategies were considered optimal, as all other control strategies were dominated. Vaccination plus adulticide plus EM/ PHEA was deemed cost-effective according to multiple cost-effectiveness criteria. From the societal perspective, incremental differences vs. adulticide and EM/ PHEA resulted in costs of $157.6 million and DALYs lost of 12,599, giving an expected ICER of $12,508 per DALY averted. Exploratory scenario analyses showedWolbachiato be highly cost-effective ($343 per DALY averted) vs. other single control measures.

Conclusions

Our model shows that individual interventions can be cost-effective, but that important epidemiological reductions and economic impacts are demonstrated when interventions are combined as part of an integrated approach to combating dengue fever. Exploratory scenario analyses demonstrated the potential epidemiological and cost-effective impact ofWolbachiawhen deployed at scale on a nationwide basis. Our findings were robust in the face of sensitivity analyses.
Antibacterial Effects of Capparis decidua Fruit Mediated Selenium Nanoparticles
Authors: Chockalingam Shabbarish , S Preetha , M Jeevitha , Pratap Lavanya
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND Capparis decidua and Selenium have several antibacterial properties along with other highly desirable properties, but for long they have not been explored. Nanoparticles are efficient in transporting drugs as they are easily absorbed by the body due to their small size. We wanted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Capparis decidua mediated selenium nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus faecalis. METHODS 4 wells were dug in three Petri dishes of Agar which were coated with a layer of bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus faecalis. The wells were filled with different amounts of the extract in the order of 50 µL, 100 µL and 150 µL with the fourth well having 50 µL of the antibiotic. Zone of inhibition was measured. RESULTS After the measurements were made, the results obtained showed good zone of inhibition against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus faecalis. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that Capparis decidua fruit mediated with Selenium Nanoparticles have a high antibacterial activity. KEY WORDS Antibacterial Effects, Capparis decidua, Selenium, Nanoparticles
Co-Circulation of Dengue Serotypes in Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India - A Descriptive Study
Authors: Chintapalli Suryamani , Peddepalli Apparao , Pilli Sivajyothi , Pilli Monika Deepthi , Yandra Kanaka Mahalakshmi
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND Dengue is an acute febrile illness caused by mosquito-borne dengue viruses (DENV S) consisting of four serotypes (DENV 1 - 4) from flaviviridae family, genus flavivirus. These four are antigenically related serotypes designated as DEN V - 1, DEN V - 2, DEN V - 3 and DEN V – 4. In this context, the present study focuses on the circulating serotypes of dengue in coastal Andhra Pradesh. METHODS Study was done at Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, teaching hospital in Andhra Pradesh. Acute phase dengue serum samples were collected and tested for NS1 antigen and antihuman IgM antibodies by enzyme linked –immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NS1 positive samples were further serotyped by reverse transcriptase real time polymerase chain reaction (R RT - PCR). RESULTS A total of 796 serum samples were included in the study. 300 (37.7 % ) samples were positive for NS1 and IgM antibodies. 192 NS1 antigen positive samples were further processed for serotyping by r RT PCR. Among these samples 72 were negative by r RT PCR. DENV-2 (41 %) was the predominant serotype followed by DENV-4 (37 %), DENV-3 (12 %) and DENV-1 (10 %) in the descending order. CONCLUSIONS All the four dengue serotypes are in co-circulation. Among all the four types, DENV-2 was predominant, followed by DENV-4. By knowing the predominant serotype in circulation, we can forecast dengue outbreaks and take necessary measures like control of vectors. KEY WORDS Andhra Pradesh, Dengue Virus, Dengue Virus - 2, Dengue Virus - 4, Outbreak, Serotypes
KEBERMAKNAAN HIDUP PADA LANSIA DI PANTI WREDA
Authors: Ardhani Anindita Nova , Kurniawan Yudi
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to see the meaning of life in the elderly who live in the nursing home. The benefits that are expected to have in this research include theoretical benefits, which are expected to be a reference material for the development of developmental psychology, especially psychogerontology and practical benefits to be a reference material for psychologists, therapists, counselors, assistants, and readers in an effort to increase the meaning of life. in the elderly in general and in the elderly who live in nursing homes in particular. The subject criteria for the study were the elderly who were still able to communicate with and in good general condition. These criteria are determined on the basis of consideration because this study was conducted using interviews as a method of data collection. The results of this study indicate that the elderly who live in nursing homes have a good life meaning.Keywords: nursing homes, parents, the meaning of life,
Hubungan antara Harapan dan Harga Diri Terhadap Kebahagiaan pada Orang yang Mengalami Toxic Relationship dengan Kesehatan Psikologis
Authors: Julianto Very , Cahayani Rara Annisa , Sukmawati Shinta , Aji Eka Saputra Restu
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Toxic relationships can cause inner conflict within oneself. This inner conflict can lead to anger, depression, or anxiety. This makes it difficult for those who are involved in it to live a productive and healthy life. This study aims to determine the relationship between expectations and self-esteem on happiness in people who have a toxic relationship with psychological health. The method in this research is correlational quantitative with scale data collection tools, especially the attitude scale in the form of a Likert. The subjects in this study were 49 people. Collecting data used in this research is by distributing instrument questionnaires, Self Esteem Inventory scale which contains twelve items. Meanwhile, to measure happiness the scale used is the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The results showed that self-esteem and expectations influence a person's level of happiness. This means that someone's happiness will be high if he has high self-esteem and expectations. However, when experiencing a toxic relationship, self-esteem and expectations will decrease which makes the level of happiness felt low.Keywords: Self-Esteem, Hope, Happiness, Toxic Relationship Abstrak. Toxic relationship dapat menyebabkan terjadinya konflik batin dalam diri. Konflik batin ini akan mengarah pada amarah, depresi, atau kecemasan. Hal ini menyebabkan mereka yang terlibat di dalamnya kesulitan untuk hidup produktif dan sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara harapan dan harga diri terhadap kebahagiaan pada orang yang mengalami toxic relationship dengan kesehatan psikologis. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif korelasional dengan alat pengumpul data skala khususnya skala sikap yang berbentuk likert. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 49 orang. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni dengan menyebarkan kuesioner instrumen, skala Self Esteem Inventory yang berisikan dua belas aitem. Sedangkan untuk mengukur kebahagiaan skala yang digunkan yakni Oxford Happiness Questionnare. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harga diri dan harapan memiliki pengaruh terhadap tingkat kebahagiaan seseorang. Artinya kebahagiaan seseorang akan tinggi apabila ia memiliki harga diri dan harapan yang tinggi. Namun saat mengalami toxic relationship harga diri dan harapan akan menurun yang membuat tingkat kebahagiaan yang dirasakan rendah.Kata Kunci: Harga Diri, Harapan, Kebahagiaan, Toxic Relationship
Ne pas revenir pour mieux soutenir ?
Authors: Lietaer Samuel , Brüning Loïc , Ndoffene Faye Coumba
Published: October 2020

Cet article explore les perceptions sur les mobilités en lien avec les stratégies d’adaptation des ménages et des communautés d’origine dans trois régions du Sénégal affectées par des changements environnementaux : le Gandiolais, le bassin arachidier et le Fouta-Toro. Nous présentons d’abord les impacts des changements environnementaux majeurs qui les affectent, pour ensuite comparer thématiquement les perceptions des migrants internes et des non-migrants villageois concernant les transferts de fonds monétaires des migrants. Finalement, nous démontrons qu’il y a de fortes attentes de la part des ménages d’origine envers leurs migrants en termes de contribution aux capacités adaptatives. L’importance accordée à la mobilité par les migrants et les non-migrants, comme moyen d’adaptation souvent inconscient, explique en partie la réticence observée pour la migration de retour et une certaine prévalence de la migration à long terme comme stratégie d’adaptation majeure.
Scholars and Literati at the University of Bologna (1088–1800)
Authors: De la Croix David , Vitale Mara
Published: October 2020

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who participated in teachingat the University of Bologna from its inception in the 11th century to the eve of the IndustrialRevolution (1800).
Przestępczość w Polsce w latach 1944-1956. Próba zestawień sumarycznych na podstawie materiałów własnych aparatu policyjnego
Authors: Majer Piotr
Published: October 2020

Przestępczość jest zjawiskiem niezmiernie rozległym, stąd podlega ona licznym systematyzacjom. W artykule skoncentrowano uwagę na rozmiarach przestępczości ujawnionej w Polsce w latach 1944-1956. Podstawą były materiały własne aparatu policyjnego wytworzone przez Milicję Obywatelską, Komisję Specjalną do Walki z Nadużyciami i Szkodnictwem Gospodarczym oraz organy bezpieczeństwa publicznego. Zgodnie z właściwościami tych instytucji przestępczość leżącą w zakresie ich zainteresowania, podzielono na kwalifikowaną jako: kryminalną, gospodarczą i polityczną. Podstawowe zagrożenia z nimi związane przedstawiono w formie statystycznej zamieszczając 18 tabel.
Dyscyplina w szeregach armii polsko-litewskiej na terenie Małopolski i Rusi Czerwonej w czasie przygotowań do wyprawy chocimskiej w 1621 r.
Authors: Gawron Przemysław
Published: October 2020

W czasie kwerendy znaleziono w księgach grodzkich 177 wzmianek dotyczących omawianego tematu, w zdecydowanej większości protestacji, okazania ran względnie ciał domniemanych ofiar czynów zabronionych. Skargi na zachowanie żołnierzy dotyczyły 78 jednostek, należących do niemal każdego typu formacji wojskowych występujących w komputach chocimskich, przy czym niektóre występują na powyższej liście więcej niż raz. W księgach grodzkich odnotowano szkody poczynione w ośmiu większych ośrodkach miejskich (Biecz, Bochnia, Lublin, Lwów, Olkusz, Przemyśl, Tarnopol, Sądowa Wisznia) oraz 76 miasteczkach, wioskach i kluczach dóbr. Wśród poszkodowanych znaleźli się mieszkańcy dziewięciu starostw grodowych oraz instytucji kościelnych. Wśród ofiar przestępstw znaleźli się także żołnierze, w księgach odnotowano siedemnaście przypadków, kiedy sprawcą byli milites z innych rot, siedem, kiedy szkoda powstała wskutek działania towarzyszy broni względnie członków własnego pocztu. Pięć skarg dotyczyło dezercji, w 18 przypadkach żołnierze oskarżali ludność cywilną o wyrządzenie szkód.Rzeczywista skala szkód jest jednak trudna do oszacowania. Zebrany w toku kwerendy materiał również daje podstawę do podejrzeń względem uczciwości składających skargi, zwłaszcza wówczas, gdy miasto lub wieś została nawiedzona przez różne oddziały wojskowe kilka razy, a pomimo tego skala szkód podanych w protestacji jest zbliżona w każdym przypadku. Zwraca jednak uwagę zbliżony wolumen rzeczy, które padały łupem wojskowych łupieżców: żywność, przedmioty żelazne, ubrania, zwierzęta hodowlane, zwłaszcza drób, bydło i konie pojawiają się w większości protestacji.Wzrost liczebny armii, korzystającej w toku przemarszu z tych samych traktów i obozującej w tych samych miejscach prowadził do wzrostu liczby starć pomiędzy różnymi oddziałami, czemu skądinąd trudno się dziwić. Żołnierze byli niejako skazani na rywalizację w warunkach ograniczonego dostępu do środków aprowizacyjnych, co niejednokrotnie kończyło się zwadą, w której po obu stronach padali ranni, a nawet zabici. Zawiodło także państwo, które nie podjęło żadnych prób zorganizowania magazynów z żywnością oraz rynsztunkiem. Niewiele pomagało wysyłanie uniwersałów, nakazujących żołnierzom możliwie jak najszybsze przybycie do obozu ani wysyłanie komorników w celu zbadania rozmiaru poczynionych przez wojsko szkód. Na usprawiedliwienie króla i jego urzędników należy jednak powiedzieć, że problem z logistyką wojskową miała podówczas większość państw europejskich.
Pacyfikacja Wierzchowin - „mit wierzchowiński” czy czarna karta w historii Narodowych Sił Zbrojnych
Authors: Konieczka Bartosz
Published: October 2020

Artykuł dotyczy historii pacyfikacji Wierzchowin – zbrodni dokonanej na 194 ukraińskich mieszkańcach wsi położonej w powiecie krasnystawskim województwa lubelskiego, w gminie Siennica Różana. Zbrodnia ta, dokonana 6 czerwca 1945 r., wciąż budzi kontrowersje wśród badaczy, stanowiąc podstawę do wysnuwania rozmaitych hipotez dotyczących między innymi rzeczywistych sprawców zdarzenia i liczby ofiar. Autor stara się zanalizować przebieg zdarzenia, zidentyfikować osoby odpowiedzialne za jego dokonanie i określić jego wpływ na współczesną historiografię z zakresu problematyki konfliktu ukraińsko – polskiego z lat 1943 – 1947.
Ze wspomnień o księdzu Teodorze Korczu pierwszym proboszczu w Gorzycach Wielkich
Authors: Wolniewicz Marian
Published: October 2020

The beginnings (from 1936) of the history of the parish in Gorzyce Wielkie, which originated from a part of a parish in Ostrów Wielkopolski, are shown through the fascinating personality of Fr. Teodor Korcz, who became its first pastor. His interests by far exceeded traditional pastoral ministry. The text is a valuable contribution to studies on the depiction of the rural community in the religious, social, folk and even folkloristic aspects.The author of the text, Fr. Marian Wolniewicz, was a witness of Fr. Korcz’s activity, so his account can be recognized as a genuine testimony.
Działalność Akcji Katolickiej w Archidiecezjach Gnieźnieńskiej i Poznańskiej (do roku 1939)
Authors: Gajowczyk Kazimiera
Published: October 2020

Kazimiera Gajowczyk graduated from the Catholic Social School in Poznan and until 1939 was the director of the Office of the Catholic Action Institute in Poznan. Together with Fr. Antoni Banaszak she edited  the Institute's monthly "Doniesienia" ("Reports") addressed for the parish sections of the Catholic Action. Fr. Antoni Banaszak was a meritorious   activist of the Catholic Action in Poznan. After liberation from a Nazi concentration  camp he lived in France and worked for the Polish Catholic Mission in Paris,  up to 1982 he was rector of the Polish Seminary in Paris. He encouraged Kazimiera Gajowczyk to write the text presented here, in which  she describes her experience from the activity of the Catholic Action before the Second World War. He explained his role in a letter dated 8 Dec. 1989, a photocopy  of which is reproduced herewith.
Zgubna propaganda. Reakcja nuncjusza w Warszawie na zabójstwo ks. Stanisława Streicha
Authors: Szczepaniak Maciej
Published: October 2020

W 1938 roku w podpoznańskim Luboniu zastrzelono księdza Stanisława Streicha – proboszcza parafii pw. św. Jana Bosko. Zabójstwa dokonano podczas nabożeństwa, w którym brało udział około dwustu dzieci. Zabójca, komunista oddał do księdza kilka strzałów, po czym z ambony zawołał: „Niech żyje komunizm!”. Pogrzeb kapłana stał się okazją do wielu patriotycznych manifestacji. Wydarzenia w Luboniu postrzegano w perspektywie męczeństwa, z uwagi na fakt, że zbrodni dokonano z pobudek ideologicznych. Natychmiast zainteresowały one ówczesnego nuncjusza apostolskiego w Polsce abp. Filippo Cortesiego, który dowiedział się o szczegółach zabójstwa księdza z prasy. Swoje ubolewanie wyraził on w piśmie do kard. Augusta Hlonda, prymasa Polski i ordynariusza kapłana. Nuncjusz poinformował o zbrodni także Sekretariat Stanu Stolicy Apostolskiej. Wydaje się, że listy nuncjusza Cortesiego stanowią ciekawy przyczynek do badań źródłowych dotyczących lubońskiej zbrodni i ks. Streicha. Autor artykułu podejmuje się ich analizy w oparciu o materiały archiwalne zgromadzone w Archivio Segreto Vaticano.
Kognition und Übersetzen. Über das Übersetzen von Konzepten
Authors: Kubaszczyk Joanna
Published: October 2020

In the article a new attempt has been made to define what is the unit of translation and how to distinguish it. In her considerations the author bases on the achievements of cognitive linguistics, claiming that the translator doesn’t translate words, phrases or texts but the content units which realises in the concepts of language. Thus, it becomes possible to distinguish the concepts as translation units a priori before actual taking up the translation. The training in distinguishing the concepts of language and analysing them becomes therefore an important element of translation.
The Relationship between Learning Style Preferences and Reading Strategy Use in English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Lesiak-Bielawska Elżbieta Danuta
Published: October 2020

The study explored the relationship between learning style preferences and the use of reading strategies triggered during the performance of a reading comprehension assignment in English as a foreign language (EFL). The research conducted drew on the hypothesis that the type of language task activates a battery of strategies that reflect the subject's learning style preferences and the task requirements.
Zu einigen Problemen des Verstehens in der konstruktivistisch orientierten Fremdsprachendidaktik
Authors: Lewicka Grażyna
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to justify the assumption that understanding is the essence of learning. From the constructivist viewpoint understanding is a complex mental and social process that involves decoding the symbolic message received from others and then interpreting and assigning a personal meaning to that message. Since personal background largely determines how the message will be understood it is important that the development of the learning environment encourages understanding from multiple perspective. Therefore the learning process should be based on techniques drawn from the constructivist’s epistemological assumptions, e.g., construction of intersubjective perspective, situated cognition in authentic life contexts and collaborative learning environment.
Bilinguale Erziehung – neue Herausforderungen und Lösungen aus linguistischer Sicht
Authors: Reinhold Utri
Published: October 2020

Bilingual education has many aspects. Teachers and parents of bilingual children face many difficult issues. This article starts with the definition of the problem and gives different types of bilingualism. Elements of the language programs in school, that are to be changed resp. developed, are presented. By this semilingualism should be avoided, the integration of children of a different L 1 and their equal career chances are to be guaranteed. Some innovative and creative projects show the right way.
Auf dem Weg zu einem Modell der Translationsdidaktik
Authors: Małgorzewicz Anna
Published: October 2020

The aim of the following article is an attempt to define the translator's competence and their role in the system of both communication and teaching transaltion. The metacognitive competence of a translator and the fundamental cognitive process talking place in their mental sysatem have been thoroughly analysed.
Englisch als Interferenzquelle bei der Aneignung der Wortstellung des Deutschen
Authors: Hinc Jolanta
Published: October 2020

The paper deals with the issue of the interaction of languages in a multilingual person. First, it is related to an error analysis of the word order in German which investigates the influence of English as the first foreign language with the bounded word order on German as the second foreign language with the relative bounded word order in the group of Polish high school students. Afterwards, the basic structures of German, English and Polish word order are compared to show the topological relationship between the languages.
Reflective practitioners: expectations vs facts
Authors: Witkowska Magdalena
Published: October 2020

Over the years of working at school teachers gain experience that is necessary for their professional development. The teaching experience may appear of little value if teachers do not reflect upon it. Reflection is the key to success in teaching. The article presents the results of a questionnaire conducted with foreign language teachers from Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland schools who were asked about their reflection. Many teachers (95%) reported that they reflected on their teaching and even made notes (50%). The research outcomes provide interesting facts about teachers’ reflections.
Zum Einsatz von authentischem Quellenmaterial im Fremdsprachenunterricht am Beispiel von Fernsehnachrichten
Authors: Mac Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

This article attempts to qualify the work with authentic source material such as TV news in foreign language teaching. At first, the role of authentic materials in foreign language teaching shall be discussed. Afterwards, TV news will be briefly examined and characterized from the point of view of media theory. Methodic-didactic considerations on the work with TV news in class round up the article.
Terminological and conceptual dilemma: strategies and processes as elicited through verbal reports on reading
Authors: Konieczna Anna
Published: October 2020

The paper analyses the ways in which the terms processes and strategies are defined within literature reporting verbal protocols on reading. The main argument presented concerns the fact that distinguishing between the two terms in not always based on the same criteria.
Umgang mit Diversität im Klassenraum – Annahmen und Realität
Authors: Janicka Monika
Published: October 2020

One of the main goals of the reform of the educational system in Poland in 2004 wasto ensure the equality of chances for all as well as social integration. This concept assumed anequal access to the education also for students with special educational needs. The present paperattempts to highlight the problems with implementing the inclusion concept in the languageclassroom. The study presented in the article aims to investigate whether educational institutionsin Poland are ready to implement the concept of inclusion, as well as the competence of foreignlanguage teachers to cope with the diversity in the language classroom.
The cognitive function of specialized languages: educational implications
Authors: OXBROW GINA L. , LANKIEWICZ HADRIAN A.
Published: October 2020

The current article explores the problem of conceptualizing specialized languages in the general body of language, and, as such, will refer extensively to the concepts described by S. Grucza (2013) based on the anthropocentric theory of language per se. By focusing on the cognitive function of specialized languages and evoking the principles of ecological linguistics, the necessity of integrating specialized knowledge with specialized language will be highlighted. Consequently, pedagogical implications for ESP syllabi and teacher education will be drawn.
Stereotype Bilder in Wörterbüchern. Das Preußenbild in den Belegbeispielen des Słownik języka polskiego (1958–1969), herausgegeben von Witold Doroszewski
Authors: TESHAJEV SUNDERLAND EVA
Published: October 2020

Because dictionaries contain cultural references, they can provide insights into the stereotypical attitudes common in a nation towards other countries and ethnicities. This article investigates the image of the Prussians presented by the monolingual Polish dictionary ‘Słownik języka polskiego’ (1958–1969). The author explored this topic by examining all the headwords in this dictionary listed under the following letters: A, B, C, Ć, K, Z, Ź and Ż. She then analysed all the example sentences she found that mention Prussia or the Prussians. Though the author found only limited references to these topics, the example sentences that do deal with them display a negative attitude, which is in line with the general Polish attitudes held towards Prussia and the Prussians from the Partition times to the People’s Republic
Lehrmaterialangebot für den schulischen Nachbarsprachenunterricht. Ein deutsch-niederländischer Vergleich
Authors: Boonen Ute K. , Jentges Sabine , Konrad Tina
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses the differences between teaching Dutch in Germany and German in the Netherlands, while considering the challenges teachers are confronted with, e.g. the lack of appropriate textbooks. In particular, the composition and method of some textbooks for Dutch and German are presented and evaluated with regard to their practicality in the classroom. It is striking that textbooks for German are written in Dutch, and that pupils even have to work out tasks in Dutch and not in the target language, while there is merely one textbook in Germany for school-based teaching, lacking a consideration of school types, age groups, and prior knowledge. Even though the conditions of neighbouring language teaching are particularly diverse, teachers on both sides are in urgent need of more innovative and improved teaching material which ensures that pupils are able to develop and improve their language skills, as well as their intercultural competences.
How authentic is language included in English and German language textbooks for primary education in Poland? A case study
Authors: Budzyńska Paula
Published: October 2020

This study aims at investigating the authenticity of vocabulary and grammar structures included in two selected English language textbooks (hereafter ELTs) and two German language textbooks (hereafter GLTs) for the first stage of education in Poland. In order to achieve the assumed objective, the author examined literary materials, that is, songs, rhymes, or short stories, included in selected ELTs and GLTs in accordance with the principles of the corpus stylistics method developed, for example, by Semino & Short (2004), Mahlberg (2014), or McIntyre (2015). With the support of BYU-BNC and DWDS corpora, the performed analysis indicated, for instance, that in the case of both types of textbooks studied, the number of authentic words that children are to learn seems to be rather insufficient. The outcomes of the study enable suggesting certain modifications targeted at the increase of the authenticity of language that the analysed textbooks include.
Cultural barriers in German-Spanish business communication
Authors: Mateo González Raquel
Published: October 2020

This research project aims at identifying and describing possible critical incidents which may arise in the framework of transcultural discursive practices between professionals from Germany and Spain in business situations, for example, in interviews, meetings, negotiations, and decision making. The methodology employed in this paper is based on an empirical study using by means of personal interviews and questionnaires in order to defend or refute cultural standards in the business world existing in established theoretical foundations.
Zum Einfluss affektiver Faktoren auf den frühen Fremdsprachenerwerb im Elementarbereich durch den narrativen Ansatz
Authors: Jakosz Mariusz
Published: October 2020

The article presents the impact of emotions on teaching children foreign languages. To this end, the results of a research project carried out under the auspices of the Institute of German Philology at the University of Silesia in Katowice are discussed. The project consisted in providing language courses at three kindergartens and one primary school. During those courses, German was taught as a foreign language using the storytelling approach. The project results led to the conclusion that, unlike traditional teaching methods, which are based on very limited input and intensive imitation, the teaching method used creates much more favourable conditions for the activation of innate language acquiring processes and takes the level of the children’s cognitive development into account to a larger degree. The objectives of the evaluation were – among other things – to determine how the storytelling approach affects children’s attitudes to a foreign language, whether it arouses their internal motivation for acquiring a foreign language, whether it contributes to building their confidence, and whether it stimulates their imagination and creativity.
Jugendliterarische Werke im interkulturellen, medienintegrativen Litertaturunterricht
Authors: Kuzminykh Ksenia
Published: October 2020

The article starts with a discussion of the essential theories of reading and focuses on different models of understanding. In the next step, based on fragments taken from a novel by M. Zusak, the article develops an integrative literary and language teaching model in intercultural school lessons of literature in a way which stimulates a highly functional analytical, receptive and productive handling of language semantics and performance. It demonstrates the combination of literature and film as a possibility for successful literary, language and media learning.
Fehler als Lernquelle – Übersetzung in die Fremdsprache als Mittel zum Erwerb der fremdsprachlich-übersetzerischen Kompetenz im universitären Übersetzungsunterricht
Authors: Teshajev Sunderland Eva
Published: October 2020

This article explores the problems which occur when teaching the translation of functional texts into a foreign language (from Polish into German). The article especially focuses on lexicalterminological and pragmatic translation mistakes, their causes, and strategies for avoiding them. One of the biggest challenges when translating into a foreign language is to use correct and adequate equivalents. The authors argue that the competences needed for this task should be taught as early as possible during translation training. The authors have therefore analysed texts translated by BA translation students and have chosen examples which represent the most frequent categories of mistakes, e.g. word-to-word translation, breaching the target language‘s conventions, and (inter)cultural problems. The solutions proposed are based on functional translation theory and translation criticism, and also take into account the classifications of mistakes used in translation didactics.
Effizienz der Methode Lernen durch Lehren (LdL) – Ergebnisse eines Experiments
Authors: Janicka Monika
Published: October 2020

Constructivist learning approaches emphasize the interface of learning by doingand student participation, as well as the efficiency of the learning process. Research findings have also demonstrated that students learn more effectively from each other (Hattie 2013). The aim of the experiment conducted was to verify the efficiency of the “learning through teaching” method (LTT) (Martin 1985), in which students assume some of the teacher’s tasks. The experiment was conducted during the third semester of the “grammar in communication” course at the faculty of Applied Linguistics at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University. The result confirmed that, after a semester, the group working with the learning through teaching method had higher achievements than the control group. Thanks to a qualitative survey, some prospects and limits of the method could be determined. It also provided feedback for intern, process-oriented evaluation, which makes it possible to optimize course design in the future.