bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the particulate matter emissions from spray-guided gasoline direct-injection spark ignition engines
Authors: Leach Felix , Stone Richard , Fennell Derek , Hayden David , Richardson Dave , Wicks Nick
Published: October 2016

An index which links the fuel composition to particulate matter emissions (the PN index) was developed and is here evaluated with model fuels in a single-cylinder optical-access spray-guided direct-injection engine; the model fuels have independent control of the double-bond content and volatility, as used in the index. This index is investigated in three different engines: a single-cylinder research engine, a V8 engine recently available in the market and a current-production supercharged V6 engine. A number of market gasolines were tested in all three engines, and the results follow the trends predicted by the particle number index. Imaging of the in-cylinder sprays shows that the composition of the model fuels affects the mixture homogeneity and their particulate matter emissions; in particular, the lack of a light end in the model fuel composition can lead to misleadingly low particle number emissions owing to improved mixture preparation which is unrepresentative of market fuels. The PN index was investigated in a Jaguar Land Rover V6 engine with five different fuels over a simulated New European Driving Cycle, and the results show that the index trends are followed. The emissions were evaluated from two fuels representing the EU5 reference-fuel specifications that has been developed using the particle number index to give a difference in particulate matter emissions. The results from these fuels show that a difference in the particle number emissions of a factor of about 2 can be seen at both stoichiometric conditions and rich conditions, for two fuels representative of the EU5 reference-fuel specifications. This follows trends predicted by the particle number index. This has important implications for policy makers and European Union legislation, where particle number emissions from gasoline vehicles are now regulated for the first time, as batch-to-batch variations in the fuel composition would result in different test results under the current legislation.
The mechanism of wheelset longitudinal vibration and its influence on periodical wheel wear
Authors: Liu Wei , Ma Weihua , Luo Shihui , Tian Yuan
Published: October 2016

This study investigates the mechanism of wheelset longitudinal vibration and its influence on wheel periodical wear. A longitudinal wheel/rail friction model was created after analyzing the characteristics of wheel/rail longitudinal friction that fit our study. This friction model is then incorporated into a vibration analysis of a wheelset coupled with a single-wheelset longitudinal dynamical model. The response of the single-wheelset system both considers the effects of track excitation and small randomly varying velocity, and the wheelset longitudinal random vibration process is held constant. Meanwhile, from the micro perspective, wheelset longitudinal vibration will cause changes of wheel/rail contact parameters mainly in the natural frequency which will cause periodical wear. Such wear is due to the natural frequency of wheelset longitudinal vibration being the same or doubled.
Optimum area of solar array for stratospheric solar-powered airship
Authors: Li Jun , Lv Mingyun , Sun Kangwen
Published: October 2016

An optimization model of the optimum area of solar array for a stratospheric solar-powered airship is developed. The objective of the optimization is to reduce the mass of the solar array on an airship by keeping the equilibrium between output power and weight of solar array as a constraint. Based on several parameters of the typical existing airships, the optimization works are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the optimization model. Furthermore, the effects of the wind velocity, airship’s latitude and working date on the optimum area are analyzed in detail. The results of this study demonstrate that the optimization model is a good tool for the preliminary design of solar array on an airship. It can also be found that these influence factors have significant influences on the optimum area, and these factors should be considered together to obtain an optimum and balanced design due to the strong dependence on each other.
Effect of inlet distortion on the performance of axial transonic contra-rotating compressor
Authors: Liu Hanru , Wang Yangang , Xian Songchuan , Hu Wenbin
Published: October 2016

The present paper numerically conducted full-annulus investigation on the effects of circumferential total pressure inlet distortion on the performance and flow field of the axial transonic counter-rotating compressor. Results reveal that the inlet distortion both deteriorates the performance of the upstream and downstream rotors resulting in reduction of total pressure ratio, efficiency and stall margin of the transonic contra-rotating compressor. Regarding the development of distortion inside compressor, the downstream rotor reinforces the air-flow mixing effects and, thus, attenuates the distortion intensity significantly. Under the distorted inflow conditions, the detached shockwave at the leading edge of downstream rotor interacts with the tip leakage flow and causes the blockage of the blades passage, which is one important reason for the transonic contra-rotating compressor stall.
Effects of inlet radial distortion on the type of stall precursor in low-speed axial compressor
Authors: Arshad Ali , Li Qiushi , Li Simin , Pan Tianyu
Published: October 2016

Experimental investigations of the effect of inlet blade loading on the rotating stall inception process are carried out on a single-stage low-speed axial compressor. Temporal pressure signals from the six high response pressure transducers are used for the analysis. Pressure variations at the hub are especially recorded during the stall inception process. Inlet blade loading is altered by installing metallic meshed distortion screens at the rotor upstream. Three sets of experiments are performed for the comparison of results, i.e. uniform inlet flow, tip, and hub distortions, respectively. Regardless of the type of distortion introduced to the inflow, the compressor undergoes a performance drop, which is more severe in the hub distortion case. Under the uniform inlet flow condition, stall inception is caused by the modal type disturbance while the stall precursor switched to spike type due to the highly loaded blade tip. In the presence of high blade loading at the hub, spike disappeared and the compressor once again witnessed a modal type disturbance. Hub pressure fluctuations are observed throughout the process when the stall is caused by a modal wave while no disturbance is noticed at the hub in spike type stall inception. It is believed that the hub flow separation contributes to the modal type of stall inception phenomenon. Results are also supported by the recently developed signal processing techniques for the stall inception study.
Holocene climate variability in Central Germany and a potential link to the polar North Atlantic: A replicated record from three coeval speleothems
Authors: Mischel Simon A , Scholz Denis , Spötl Christoph , Jochum Klaus Peter , Schröder-Ritzrau Andrea , Fiedler Sabine
Published: October 2016

Here, we present high-resolution trace element and stable isotope records from three coeval Holocene stalagmites from the Herbstlabyrinth cave system, Central Germany. All stalagmites were precisely dated using MC-ICPMS 230Th/U-dating. One stalagmite started to grow at 13.62 ± 0.13 ka BP, covering the late Glacial; the other two speleothems started to grow at 11.13 ± 0.08 and 10.26 ± 0.08 ka BP, respectively. The combined record covers the entire Holocene. The interpretation of the different climate proxies is supported by data from a detailed cave monitoring programme. Cold conditions during the Younger Dryas are reflected by intermittent stalagmite growth at the Herbstlabyrinth. The δ18O records are in general agreement with the NGRIP δ18O record on millennial time scales indicating that speleothem δ18O values at the Herbstlabyrinth reflect large-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic area. The 8.2 ka event is clearly visible as a pronounced negative excursion in the δ18O records. In all other proxies, it is not reflected as a major excursion. Correlation and principal component analysis enable us to disentangle the various processes affecting the stable isotope and trace element signals. Phases with higher P, Ba and U concentrations and more negative δ13C values are interpreted as reflecting more productive vegetation above the cave. The negative correlation of Mg with P, Ba and U and the positive correlation with δ13C indicate more recharge during phases of more productive vegetation, probably because of increased rainfall. The majority of the observed phases of reduced vegetation productivity and drier climate coincide with cooler periods in the polar North Atlantic as reflected by a higher abundance of hematite-stained grains (i.e. the Bond events), suggesting a close relationship between terrestrial climate in Central Europe and the polar North Atlantic.
Holocene climatic variability indicated by a multi-proxy record from southern Africa’s highest wetland
Authors: Fitchett Jennifer M , Mackay Anson W , Grab Stefan W , Bamford Marion K
Published: October 2016

The eastern Lesotho Highlands experience climate patterns distinct from those of surrounding lower altitude regions, representing a niche environment with a unique biodiversity, leading to well-adapted but restricted vegetation. This study explores changes in the Holocene composition of diatoms and pollen at southern Africa’s highest altitude wetland (Mafadi: 3390 m a.s.l.). The palaeoenvironmental record for Mafadi Wetland indicates fluctuations between cold, wet conditions, prevalent between ~8140 and 7580 cal. yr BP and between ~5500 and 1100 cal. yr BP, and warmer, drier periods between ~7520 and 6680 cal. yr BP and between ~6160 and 5700 cal. yr BP. Marked climatic variability is noted from ~1100 cal. yr BP with colder conditions at ~150 kyr BP. Notably, the first of these cold periods occurs soon after the Northern Hemisphere 8.2 kyr event, while a second period of notably cold conditions occurs around 1100 cal. yr BP. Variability exists between the moisture reconstructions presented in this study and those from adjacent lower altitude sites, which is hypothesised to reflect variations in the strength and extent of the Westerlies throughout the Holocene.
Deciphering systemic lupus erythematosus-associated serum biomarkers reflecting apoptosis and disease activity
Authors: Delfani P , Sturfelt G , Gullstrand B , Carlsson A , Kassandra M , Borrebaeck C A K , Bengtsson A A , Wingren C
Published: October 2016

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe chronic inflammatory autoimmune connective tissue disease. Despite major efforts, SLE remains a poorly understood disease with unpredictable course, unknown etiology and complex pathogenesis. Apoptosis combined with deficiency in clearing apoptotic cells is an important etiopathogenic event in SLE, which could contribute to the increased load of potential autoantigen(s); however, the lack of disease-specific protein signatures deciphering SLE and the underlying biological processes is striking and represents a key limitation. In this retrospective pilot study, we explored the immune system as a specific sensor for disease, in order to advance our understanding of SLE. To this end, we determined multiplexed serum protein expression profiles of crude SLE serum samples, using antibody microarrays. The aim was to identify differential immunoprofiles, or snapshots of the immune response modulated by the disease, reflecting apoptosis, a key process in the etiology of SLE and disease activity. The results showed that multiplexed panels of SLE-associated serum biomarkers could be decoded, in particular reflecting disease activity, but potentially the apoptosis process as well. While the former biomarkers could display a potential future use for prognosis, the latter biomarkers might help shed further light on the apoptosis process taking place in SLE.
Relationship between illness-related worries and social dignity in patients with heart failure
Authors: Bagheri Hossein , Yaghmaei Farideh , Ashktorab Tahereh , Zayeri Farid
Published: October 2016

Background:

Heart failure is a major growing problem and affects not only patients but also their families and community networks and reduces the functional capacity of patients and impairs their social life.

Research questions:

This study was conducted to investigate relationship between illness-related worries and social dignity in patients with heart failure.

Design:

The study had a descriptive-analytic design, and data collection was carried out by means of two specific questionnaires.

Participants and context:

A total of 130 inpatients from cardiac wards in hospitals affiliated with Tehran and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences participated.

Ethical consideration:

This study was approved by the Research Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

Results:

The highest mean score of illness-related worries was attributed to the dimension of patient’s worry of physical–mental complications, and the least mean score was related to the dimension of the worry about the future of disease. The highest mean score of social dignity was associated with the dimension of social communication and support, and the least is attributed to the dimension of burden to others (economic). Pearson’s statistical test showed a significant correlation (r = 0.455, p < 0.05) between the score of illness-related worries and social dignity.

Discussion:

As the result of this study showed that reducing illness-related worries in patients with heart failure can improve their social dignity, using strategies to decrease worries and promote social dignity in these patients is recommended.

Conclusion:

This study affirms the importance of careful evaluation of individual patients to determine their needs related to dignity. We hope these results will help to promote actions by patient-care staff that honor and support patient dignity, resulting in benefits to patients and developing the quality of care based on human rights.
Impacts of Socratic questioning on moral reasoning of nursing students
Authors: Torabizadeh Camellia , Homayuni Leyla , Moattari Marzieh
Published: October 2016

Background:

Nurses are often faced with complex situations that made them to make ethical decisions; and to make such decisions, they need to possess the power of moral reasoning. Studies in Iran show that the majority of nursing students lack proper ethical development. Socratic teaching is a student-centered method which is strongly opposed to the lecturing method.

Objectives:

This study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of Socratic questioning on the moral reasoning of the nursing students.

Research design:

In a quasi-experimental study, Crisham’s Nursing Dilemma Test was used to evaluate the results of three groups before, immediately after, and 2 months after intervention. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software (v 15).

Participants and research context:

Through random allocation, 103 nursing students were divided into three groups. In experiment group 1 (37 students), intervention consisted of Socratic questioning-based sessions on ethics and how to deal with moral dilemmas; experiment group 2 (33 students) attended a 4-h workshop; and the control group (33 students) was not subject to any interventions.

Signed informed consent forms:

This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University. All the participants signed written informed consents.

Findings:

There were significant differences between experiment group 1 and experiment group 2’s pre-test and post-test scores on moral reasoning (p ≤ 0.001, p ≤ 0.001), nursing principled thinking (p ≤ 0.001, p ≤ 0.001), and practical considerations (p ≤ 0.001, p ≤ 0.031).

Discussion:

Both the teaching approaches improved the subjects’ moral reasoning; however, Socratic questioning proved more effective than lecturing. Compared to other similar studies in Iran and other countries, the students had inadequate moral reasoning competence.

Conclusion:

This study confirms the need for the development of an efficient course on ethics in the nursing curriculum. Also, it appears that Socratic questioning is an effective method to teach nursing ethics and develop nursing students’ competence of moral reasoning.
Polish trade unions and social dumping debates
Authors: Bernaciak Magdalena
Published: October 2016

This article examines the stances of Polish trade unions on EU enlargement, intra-EU labour mobility and EU service market liberalization. It shows that, despite the liberal rhetoric embraced by mainstream media and successive Polish governments, the country’s labour organizations did not lend their support to the logic of low-cost competitiveness. The article accounts for this stance by referring to the insider-outsider theorem. It argues that whereas transnationally mobile workers and self-employed individuals (the ‘outsiders’) could make use of short-term cost advantages, the domestic workforce (the ‘insiders’) benefited from the gradual improvement of employment conditions in Poland and their convergence with western standards. The desire to cater to the interests of the insiders made the unions reject social dumping and defend the west European social ‘archetype’ to which their countrymen aspired.
Alcohol, drug and related health and wellbeing issues among young people completing an online screen
Authors: Barker S Fiona , Manning Victoria , Best David W , Savic Michael , Lubman Dan I
Published: October 2016

Objective:

Despite high levels of alcohol use, drug use and risky behaviors, rates of help-seeking amongst young people are typically low. This study explored the profile of young people (under the age of 25 years) completing an online screen, assessing substance use problem severity and wellbeing in comparison with adults completing the same screen, so as to inform development of better targeted approaches for this in-need population.

Methods:

Between 2012 and 2014, an online alcohol and drug screen was promoted across Australia on a national online counseling service. The screen assessed severity of substance use, mental health and wellbeing.

Results:

A total of 2939 screens were completed between December 2012 and May 2014, with 18% completed by young people. Young people reported a high severity of substance use problems (44% reported likely drug dependence) and reported significantly poorer mental health and wellbeing than adults completing the screen. This suggests that there is a population of young people in need of support who could be initially engaged through online screening.

Conclusions:

Online screening should be a key component of engagement strategies for adolescent and early adult help-seeking.
Transition in ADHD: attention to the lifespan
Authors: Poulton Alison S
Published: October 2016

Objectives:

This paper reviews the importance of transition to adult services for young people with ADHD.

Method:

Different models are described and evidence sought for their effectiveness in clinical practice.

Results:

Models of care for children with ADHD include specialised mental health services, individual paediatricians and child and adolescent psychiatrists. Although it might be expected that transition would be to equivalent adult teams or specialists, studies have shown that transition may not run smoothly, and the adult services are frequently inadequate. This may result in attrition from treatment or discharge to the general practitioner.

Conclusions:

Adult mental health services for transitioning young people with ADHD are under-resourced. The way forward may be a generic ADHD specialist or service, treating ADHD across the lifespan and avoiding the need for transition.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of a DNA region involved in capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis reveals the molecular basis of the nontypeability of two Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates
Authors: Ito Hiroya , Ogawa Torata , Fukamizu Dai , Morinaga Yuiko , Kusumoto Masahiro
Published: October 2016

The aim of our study was to reveal the molecular basis of the serologic nontypeability of 2 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field isolates. Nine field strains of A. pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, were isolated from pigs raised on the same farm and sent to our diagnostic laboratory for serotyping. Seven of the 9 strains were identified as serovar 15 strains by immunodiffusion tests. However, 2 strains, designated FH24-2 and FH24-5, could not be serotyped with antiserum prepared against serovars 1–15. Strain FH24-5 showed positive results in 2 serovar 15–specific PCR tests, whereas strain FH24-2 was only positive in 1 of the 2 PCR tests. The nucleotide sequence analysis of gene clusters involved in capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis of the 2 nontypeable strains revealed that both had been rendered nontypeable by the action of IS Apl1, a transposable element of A. pleuropneumoniae belonging to the IS 30 family. The results showed that IS Apl1 of A. pleuropneumoniae can interfere with both the serologic and molecular typing methods, and that nucleotide sequence analysis across the capsular gene clusters is the best means of determining the cause of serologic nontypeability in A. pleuropneumoniae.
Basal cell carcinoma in two Hermann’s tortoises (Testudo hermanni)
Authors: Hellebuyck Tom , Ducatelle Richard , Bosseler Leslie , Van Caelenberg Annemie , Versnaeyen Han , Chiers Koen , Martel An
Published: October 2016

Neoplastic disorders are frequently encountered in the practice of reptile medicine. Herein we report the clinical behavior, antemortem diagnosis, and histopathologic characteristics of a recurrent intraoral keratinizing basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and a metastatic BCC of the carapace in 2 Hermann’s tortoises ( Testudo hermanni). Although squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in tortoises show similar predilection sites and gross pathologic features, the BCCs described in our report were characterized by a remarkably fast and highly infiltrative growth in comparison to SCCs. Accordingly, early diagnosis including reliable discrimination from SCC is essential toward the management of this neoplastic entity in tortoises.
Understanding Supportive Care Factors Among African American Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Davis Claudia M. , Nyamathi Adeline M. , Abuatiq Alham , Fike Geraldine C. , Wilson Anna M.
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Comprehensive breast cancer care includes not only diagnosis, staging, and treatment of cancer but also assessment and management of the physical, psychological, social, and informational needs, collectively known as supportive care. Several studies have documented the importance of addressing supportive care factors among breast cancer survivors. However, there appears to be a paucity of research concerning African American breast cancer survivors (AABCS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe and understand the patient-centered supportive care factors among self-identified AABCS. Method: Using a qualitative descriptive approach, an open-ended question explored supportive care factors that were used by N = 155 AABCS. Results: Four supportive care factors were identified: faith, supportive structures, optimism, and access to information. Discussion: An understanding of these factors might facilitate discussion between survivors and the health care team. The resultant effect could also inform and promote the delivery of culturally specific health care to address the supportive care needs among these women.
The New National Core Arts Standards and World Music
Authors: Beegle Amy Christine
Published: October 2016

Following an overview of the organization of the new National Core Arts Standards, this column provides a listing of the new standards that include terminology related to world music: “world music,” “culture,” “cultural,” “context,” and “authentic.” The term world music is absent from the standards charts, but cultural context is included throughout the standards, particularly for older grade levels. The most applicable anchor standard to the study of world music is No. 11: “Relate artistic ideas and works with societal, cultural and historical context to deepen understanding.”
The Cost of Serious Patient Fall-Related Injuries at Hospitals in Turkey: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Baris Veysel Karani , Intepeler Seyda Seren , Yeginboy Emine Yasemin
Published: October 2016

Patient falls cause economic loss in hospitals, as well as patient injuries. This study aimed to calculate the additional hospital cost and length of stay (LOS) due to fall-related serious injuries and to identify the determining factors for both outcomes. A matched case-control design was used in the study. It was conducted with a case group of 39 patients and a control group of 39 patients in 28 hospitals in İzmir, Turkey. The additional hospital cost and LOS due to fall-related serious injuries were calculated to be US$3,302.60 and 14.61 days, respectively. Precautionary initiatives for the injurious falls can prevent patients from getting injured and avoid increases in cost and LOS due to these injuries.
Energy release rate of beam-type fracture specimens with hygrothermal influence
Authors: Qiao Pizhong , Liu Qinghui
Published: October 2016

Three interface joint models for calculating energy release rate are extended to include hygrothermal effect with consideration of uniform or nonuniform changes of temperature or moisture through layer thickness in a cracked bilayer beam system using both J-integral and correction methods. The method of J-integral leads to a general expression of total energy release rate in terms of the crack-tip moments and forces, while the correction method gives explicit formulas of total energy release rate with inclusion of a separate energy release rate term subjected to only mechanical loads. Several bilayer beam fracture specimens subjected to transverse load or equivalent bending moment and thermal load are considered to validate accuracy of two methods in connection with three interface joint models, and the results show that the flexible joint model produces the best predictions for all the specimens. A parameter study is conducted to evaluate influences of thickness ratio, modulus ratio of upper and lower layers, change of temperature, and temperature gradient on the energy release rate. All the factors show a pronounced influence on the energy release rate, and a special attention is paid to evaluate effect of temperature change and temperature gradient on the energy release rate of bilayer beams. The moisture change and its gradient have the same effect and formulations on the energy release rate of bilayer beams as those of temperature, and the moisture portion of derivations and its effect are thus not given in detail.
Urban Technological Innovation: Developing and Testing a Sociotechnical Framework for Studying Smart City Projects
Authors: Meijer Albert , Thaens Marcel
Published: October 2016

Urban technological innovation—the innovative use of technologies to tackle urban problems—has become increasingly popular under the label smart city. Our understanding of this sociotechnical process is limited, and therefore, this article develops a framework on the basis of the literature on social and technological innovation. This framework identifies four perspectives—a technological, an instrumental, a collaborative, and a symbolic perspective—to generate a comprehensive account of urban technological innovation. The value of the framework is tested by using it to analyze the Living Lab Stratumseind in Eindhoven (the Netherlands). The case highlights the value of the framework and demonstrates the interactions between the social and technological dimensions. The case study suggests that, for successful urban technological innovation, it is crucial to link initial enthusiasm based on technological and symbolic value to the long-term dynamics of institutionalized collaboration and instrumental value.
The Interplay Between Sustainable Entrepreneurs and Public Authorities: Evidence From Sustainable Energy Transitions
Authors: Gasbarro Federica , Annunziata Eleonora , Rizzi Francesco , Frey Marco
Published: October 2016

Sustainable entrepreneurs are considered to play a crucial role in fostering sustainable development. However, transitions in sociotechnical systems, such as a transition to low-carbon energy solutions, are unlikely to succeed without the coordination with regional political actions, particularly in sectors characterized by path dependency and lock-ins. Based on an empirical analysis of the interplay between firms and public authorities when opening new energy niche markets through Sustainable Energy Action Plans, this article explores the role of sustainable entrepreneurs. We investigate the different levels of engagement with public authorities in co-evolutionary processes toward sustainable development. From this empirical research, four types of co-evolutionist sustainable entrepreneur are derived—hero, visionary, bandwagoner, and explorer. These correspond to the different degrees of interaction with public authorities and system level of action, and extend the definition of the sustainable entrepreneur. The related academic and managerial implications contribute to the current debate on sustainable entrepreneurship.
Perioperative and Anesthetic Considerations in Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Authors: Ross Faith J. , Joffe Denise , Latham Gregory J.
Published: October 2016

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a potentially devastating form of congenital heart disease in which all pulmonary blood flow returns to the systemic venous circulation rather than the left atrium. Anomalous pulmonary venous flow may be obstructed at birth, and affected infants present with severe cyanosis and poor cardiac output unresponsive to standard resuscitation with prostaglandin. Obstructed TAPVC remains one of the few indications for emergent neonatal cardiac surgery. This review will discuss the physiology and perioperative management of isolated TAPVC without associated cardiac lesions.
Conceptualizing, Validating, and Managing Brand Equity for Tourist Satisfaction
Authors: Liu Chih-Hsing , Fang Yen-Po
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of four distinct aspects of brand equity—perceived quality, brand awareness, brand loyalty, and brand image—in tourism satisfaction with regard to Taiwanese night markets. Regression analysis and structural equation models were used to test the hypotheses for a sample of 348 foreign tourists with experience in night market tourism. The results indicate that perceived quality is positively related to brand awareness, whereas brand awareness is positively related to brand loyalty and brand image. This finding confirms the positive relationship between brand loyalty/image and tourist satisfaction. The empirical evidence of the Sobel test following Baron and Kenny’s procedure supports the multiple mediation effects of brand awareness on perceived quality and brand loyalty/image and indicates that brand loyalty/image mediates the effects of brand awareness and satisfaction.
Effects of Destination Social Responsibility and Tourism Impacts on Residents’ Support for Tourism and Perceived Quality of Life
Authors: Su Lujun , Huang Songshan (Sam) , Huang Jue
Published: October 2016

This study investigated the structural relationships among destination social responsibility (DSR), tourism impacts (i.e., positive and negative impacts), residents’ support for tourism, and their perceived quality of life. A structural model was empirically tested with a sample of 272 residents living in the Phoenix Ancient Town in China. The results indicated that DSR enhanced residents’ perception of positive tourism impacts but did not influence their perception of negative impacts. Concurrently, DSR was found to have direct and positive effects on residents’ support for tourism and perceived quality of life. It also had indirect and positive effects on residents’ support for tourism and perceived quality of life, mediated by positive tourism impacts. While residents’ perceived positive tourism impacts increased their support for tourism and perceived quality of life, negative impacts would undermine support for tourism and proved to be disruptive to quality of life.
Increased detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigen in cats after heat pretreatment of samples
Authors: Gruntmeir Jeff M , Adolph Chris B , Thomas Jennifer E , Reichard Mason V , Blagburn Byron L , Little Susan E
Published: October 2016

Objectives

To determine whether pretreating diagnostic samples with heat increases the detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigen in adult cats, we evaluated feline serum and plasma samples collected in heartworm-endemic areas of the southern United States.

Methods

Commercial microtiter well assays for detection of D immitis antigen were used to evaluate serum or plasma samples from 385 shelter and free-roaming cats from the southcentral and southeastern United States before and after heat treatment; commercial antibody tests were performed on a subset of samples.

Results

Prior to sample heat treatment, 1/220 (0.5%) shelter cats and 4/165 (2.4%) free-roaming cats had detectable D immitis antigen. After heat pretreatment, the detection rate increased to 13/220 (5.9%) and 13/165 (7.9%), respectively. Antibody reactive to D immitis was significantly more common ( P <0.001) in the serum of cats that were antigen positive after heat treatment (10/13; 76.9%) than serum from cats that remained antigen negative after heat treatment (22/163; 13.5%).

Conclusions and relevance

Heat pretreatment of feline samples increased antigen detection by commercial assays for D immitis and improved overall concordance of antigen and antibody test results in antigen-positive samples in this population. Although further work to investigate the specificity of D immitis antigen assays when using pre-treated samples is warranted, this approach may be useful in the diagnosis of heartworm infection in individual cats and may increase the accuracy of surveys based on antigen detection.
Activity of older tourists
Authors: González Elisa Alén , Sánchez Nieves Losada , Vila Trinidad Domínguez
Published: October 2016

A global demographic shift is leading to an increasing number of older citizens, particularly in the most developed regions, and social tourism is becoming growingly relevant throughout Europe, especially in Spain, where it has been successfully developed by the Institute for Elderly and Social Services (IMSERSO) programs. The aim of this study is to create a profile of older tourists according to the types of trips they make. It uses a multinomial logistic regression to rate older citizens according to their motivation, travel, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results show that older tourists prefer organized trips regardless of whether they travel on IMSERSO trips or any other type of package tour.
Tensions of subjectivity: The instability of queer polyamorous identity and community
Authors: Benson Krista L
Published: October 2016

The experiences of polyamorous queer people highlights and extends existing questions around subjectivity and identity. This article examines a case study of three polyamorous and queer-identified women and their experiences and brings them into conversation with existing queer feminist scholarship theorizing subjectivity and happiness. In this analysis, I highlight the points of commonality and disjuncture in these women’s experiences and identities. By doing this, I am attentive to the available subject-positions for polyamorous people, their desires for sameness or commonality, and the ways that these desires are often disappointed.
Re-positioning female heterosexuality within postfeminist and neoliberal culture
Authors: Moran Claire
Published: October 2016

Contemporary western societies are characterised by a new sexual permissiveness, within which sexualised culture has become normalised and mainstreamed. Situated in this new social landscape, and drawing on postfeminist and neoliberal discourses and dominant constructions of heterosexuality, this article critically examines the impact of these constructions on women’s sexual health in its broadest sense, encompassing physical, mental and social well-being. I argue that dominant discourses of heterosexuality are viewed through a postfeminist and neoliberal lens that both obscures the sexist nature of contemporary culture and transforms, repackages and feeds this sexism back to women as their own choice and as a representation of empowerment; and as such, contemporary constructions of women’s sexuality and bodies are deeply problematic, and pose serious risks to women’s sexual health. To address these issues, not only do we need to develop critical media literacy skills, but we also must open up spaces for collective action and push against the existing sexist culture to allow for alternative discourses and understandings to emerge.
Experimental characterization of quick mechanical connecting systems for cold-formed steel structures
Authors: Fiorino Luigi , Macillo Vincenzo , Landolfo Raffaele
Published: October 2016

Among the several available building systems, constructions involving cold-formed steel profiles represent an efficient and reliable solution. These systems are very suitable to be used in pre-fabricated modular constructions, thanks to their lightness and possibility to automate the building process. In these systems, connections are usually made with self-tapping screws and play a key role both in fabrication, for reducing assembling times of modular units, and in structural behaviour, particularly for sheathing-braced solutions. In a framework of the European project ELISSA (Energy Efficient LIghtweight-Sustainable-SAfe-Steel Construction), which was devoted to the development and demonstration of cold-formed steel modular systems, an experimental campaign on quick connecting systems alternative to screws was carried out. This article shows the results of this experimental activity, consisting of monotonic and cyclic shear tests on connection systems. In particular, the tested specimens are clinching for steel-to-steel connections, whereas the fasteners used for panel-to-steel connections of walls and floors are ballistic nails. Tests results provided important information on the shear response of the connections with particular reference to the values of strength and stiffness, which are the main parameters for developing the seismic design of sheathed shear walls.
The GamerGate controversy and journalistic paradigm maintenance
Authors: Perreault Gregory P , Vos Tim P
Published: October 2016

GamerGate is a viral campaign that became an occasion, particularly from August 2014 to January 2015, to both question journalistic ethics and badger women involved in game development and gaming criticism. Gaming journalists thus found themselves managing a debate on two fronts: defending the probity of gaming journalism and remediating attacks on women. This study explores how gaming journalists undertook paradigm maintenance in the midst of the controversy. This was analyzed through interviews with gaming journalists as well as a discourse analysis of the texts responding to GamerGate that were produced by their publications. Although gaming journalists operate within a form of lifestyle journalism, the journalists repaired their paradigm by linking their work to traditional journalism and emphasizing a paternal role.
Reasons for using private blogs: Toward Korea tourism
Authors: Noh Jeonghee , Lee Kwang-Woo , Heping Wang
Published: October 2016

The purpose of the study is to identify the important attributes of the motivational factors that influence Chinese students’ decision to write online reviews on social networking sites about Korea tourism after visiting major tourist attractions in Korea. A questionnaire survey was administered to 315 Chinese students attending universities in Korea and the resulting data were collected and analyzed. The results have important practical implications for tourism administrators and tour operators wishing to better understand the reasons for posting private blogs and how to encourage tourists intending to visit tourist attractions in Korea.
Thermocouple temperature measurements in diesel spray flame for validation of in-flame soot formation dynamics
Authors: Aizawa Tetsuya , Harada Tsuyoshi , Kondo Katsufumi , Adachi Takayuki , Zhou Beini , Kusaka Jin
Published: October 2016

It is well known that the soot formation is governed by equivalence ratio and temperature. However, there are only few examples of temperature measurements in the soot formation region of diesel spray flame, which has been impeding better understanding and model validation. In this study, the time histories of temperature at different axial locations in a single-shot diesel spray flame were measured in a constant volume vessel using a 50-µm-thin wire type R thermocouple and used to demonstrate their usefulness for the model validation of in-flame soot formation dynamics. The measured temperature was (1) compared and cross-checked with two-color temperatures of diesel flame periphery and core, (2) compared with predicted temperature from large eddy simulation of the diesel flame for validation and (3) contrasted with previous laser spectroscopic measurements of soot precursors (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in diesel spray flame and predicted soot processes from the large eddy simulation of diesel spray flame employing detailed chemical kinetics. The measured steady-state temperature increased from upstream to downstream in diesel spray flame corresponding to the progress of mixing and combustion. The measured temporal histories of temperature exhibited notable increase after the end of injection duration considered due to entrainment of ambient gases and resulting heat release in the wake of the injection pulse. The thermocouple-measured “core” temperatures and two-color “peripheral” temperatures of diesel flame were significantly different as up to 700 K in the upstream and gradually converged to around 2000 K in the downstream. The thermocouple-measured and large eddy simulation–predicted temperature histories showed similar general trends; however, 500 K as significant discrepancy was observed between the measured and predicted temperatures of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon onset locations in diesel spray flame, suspected partially due to deficiency in the current polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation model employed in the simulation.
Effect of injection timing on combustion and soot formation in a direct injection spark ignition engine fueled with butanol
Authors: Merola Simona Silvia , Irimescu Adrian , Marchitto Luca , Tornatore Cinzia , Valentino Gerardo
Published: October 2016

Ever tighter restrictions on pollutant emissions, energy security and a continuous drive for improving fuel economy have extended the range of application for direct injection in spark ignition engines and promoted the use of alternative fuels. Direct injection features higher soot formation compared to external mixture preparation, and therefore, intensive research is performed for understanding the processes related to this pollutant category. This study looked into the effect of injection timing in a wall-guided direct injection spark ignition engine when gasoline was completely replaced with n-butanol. Thermodynamic measurements were coupled with optical investigations that provided improved insight into local distribution of diffusive flames during late combustion stages. These data were correlated with exhaust gas measurements of CO, HC and NOx, as well as opacity. The optimum setting for injection timing was found to be a compromise between intake airflow velocity and piston positioning that influenced wall impingement. Late injection resulted in reduced soot but higher HC emissions, as well as lower performance compared to the optimum point. Early fuel delivery had roughly the same effect on indicated mean effective pressure and stability, with the downside of increased opacity. These observations were detailed with data obtained through cycle-resolved imaging that showed different integral luminosities with respect to injection phasing and confirmed that fuel impingement on the piston crown is the main factor of influence for soot formation. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy in the late combustion phase was also applied in repetitive mode in order to provide better insight into cyclic variability of the emission intensity in the range specific for carbonaceous structures.
Evaporation characterization of fuel spray impinging on a flat wall by laser-based measurement
Authors: Zhang Yuyin , Li Shiyan , Qi Wenyuan , Nishida Keiya
Published: October 2016

It is of interest for engine combustion modeling to quantify the evaporation behaviors of fuel spray impinging on a wall as the fuel atomization, evaporation, and mixing with oxygen in the combustion chamber usually dominate the subsequent combustion processes. In this study, the vapor and liquid mass distributions in diesel-like fuel sprays were quantified using the ultraviolet-visible laser absorption scattering imaging technique. The sprays were injected from a single-hole nozzle with a common-rail injection system and impinged on a flat wall at an ambient pressure of 4 MPa and an ambient temperature of 833 K. The mass of the total fuel vapor, the spray volume covered by the vapor phase, and the air mass entrained into the spray were characterized. The results indicate that the time evolution of these parameters until shortly after the end of injection can be expressed by a power-law function, Yi =  ki· ts1.5, where Yi represents the parameter like vapor mass and so on, ts is the time after start of injection, and ki is the coefficient corresponding to Yi. The physics behind this power-law function was analyzed and discussed based on the theory of atomization and evaporation, and verified using measurement data obtained under different conditions of injection quantity.
Autonomous planning: Using plans as signals
Authors: Hopkins Lewis D , Knaap Gerrit-Jan
Published: October 2016

Research about plans and resulting guidance for practice tend to focus on making one plan and implementing it. Plans are made and used, however, by many autonomous agents, a variety of organizations pursuing their interests while recognizing interdependence with the activities of other agents. Expanding the focus beyond one plan by one organization to many plans by many organizations raises three questions. With what agents should I make plans? How should I use plans to communicate strategically among agents? How should I express the content of such plans? We consider these questions by interpreting plans as signals, information shared among organizations. We contrast this perspective on plans with other interpretations of planning and elaborate responses to the three questions using examples from practice. By considering these questions explicitly, planners can take advantage of the signaling effects to increase the potential effectiveness of making and using plans.