bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI KOMPARASI PENDEKATAN HUKUM PADA PENGATURAN INSIDER TRADING DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN PENEGAKAN DI DUNIA PASAR MODAL
Authors: Puspita Shara Made Cinthya
Published: December 2022

The approach of fiduciary duty used in upholding capital market law in Indonesia implies on the imposition of crimes against insider trading becomes narrow. The obligation to prove the elements against the law to be able to prosecute the insider trading is also considered burdensome in providing justice. Insider trading is very likely to committed by parties who are not related to the company and to obtain information voluntarily. The weaknesses of the stipulation of legal approaches in Indonesia make it less viable to enforce material information on the capital market. Therefore, this study aims to understand the law enforcement that can guarantee security in the world of capital markets. This research will examine the use of the concept in Singapore which uses the concept of an information connected approach. In this concept, as the findings showed, Singapore uses a combination of approach to fiduciary duty and misappropriation. Based on this research, the results showed that the approach combining two possible actions of insider trading is a regulation that can provide more coerciveness to law enforcement in the capital markets. Therefore, it is necessary for Indonesia to carry out legal development by applying the  misappropriation approach in the stipulations of insider trading in Indonesia.

Keywords: Insider Trading, Legal Approach, Information.
PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN BERMARTABAT DALAM PARADOKS ETIKA DAN HUKUM
Authors: Disantara Fradhana Putra
Published: December 2022

Hukum dan etika memiliki keterkaitan diantara keduanya. Namun, tak jarang terjadi pertentangan antara hukum dengan etika. Fenomena tersebut sebagaimana terjadi pada kasus pembatalan oleh Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) terhadap Keputusan Presiden sebagai tindak lanjut putusan etik yang bersifat final dan mengikat dari Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu (DKPP). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Kedua bahan hukum tersebut diinventarisasi untuk memperoleh analisis hukum yang bersifat preskriptif; serta memberikan studi konseptual holistik tentang masalah hukum yang dibahas. Penelitian hukum ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kedudukan etika dalam instrumen hukum di Indonesia berkenaan dengan infrastrukturisasi dan putusan etik; serta menganalisa enigma antara hukum dan etika pada suatu kasus dalam perspektif teori keadilan bermartabat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kedudukan putusan DKPP adalah sederajat dengan putusan peradilan hukum. Di sisi lain, kedudukan norma etika dan hukum di Indonesia adalah sederajat; dan bersumber pada Undang Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia (UUD NRI) 1945. Berdasarkan perspektif teori keadilan bermartabat, pembatalan Keputusan Presiden sebagai tindak lanjut putusan peradilan etik dari DKPP sejatinya telah menciderai tiga fungsi hukum. Dengan demikian, perlu adanya pembedaan antara Keputusan Presiden yang merupakan produk hukum administratif; serta Keputusan Presiden yang merupakan tindak lanjut putusan peradilan etik DKPP.
Kata kunci: Hukum dan Etika, Keadilan Bermartabat, DKPP, Peradilan Etik.
EDUCATIONAL FAIR USE & DIGITAL LEARNING: COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INDONESIA & MYANMAR
Authors: Mayana Ranti Fauza , Santika Tisni , Win Yin Yin
Published: December 2022

The utilization of copyrighted works for educational purposes under the doctrine of fair use is globally accepted, however, the limit and the implementation measures are not clearly defined. In the age of digital learning where the creation, utilization, and dissemination of information in general and copyrighted works, in particular, have become borderless, it’s critical to analyze the proper implementation of educational fair use. Using  juridical normative approach combined with analytical study and comparative study between Indonesia and Myanmar Copyright Law, this research found that both Indonesia and Myanmar Copyright Law provide important exceptions that are specifically aimed at non-commercial educational purposes and public library archival context, however, the implementing regulations of the educational fair use still non-existence. To optimally and effectively implement the doctrine of fair use for educational purposes in the digital age it’s important to adopt globally accepted official guidelines to determine educational fair use more comprehensively followed by synergy, partnership, and collaboration between government, academics, and libraries in formulating both legal and digital infrastructures to guarantee that the implementation of educational fair use in digital age learning complies with national legislation and compliance with international copyright regulations.
Keywords:  Copyright Law, Digital Learning, Educational Fair Use.
ANALISIS HUKUM TERHADAP PENOLAKAN SUAMI MENGUCAPKAN IKRAR TALAK DALAM PERKARA PERCERAIAN
Authors: Soleh Yudi Prihartanto
Published: December 2022

A husband who does not want to divorce may apply to the Religious Courts with the intention to delay the divorce by not declaring the pledge of divorce even though the case is final and binding. If the wife who files for divorce and the case has been decided, automatically the husband and wife are divorced. In case the divorce is filed at the same time, either one cannot file any lawsuit. When the husband does not exercise his right to make a divorce pledge, the wife then can only file a "Divorce Lawsuit" when the case filed by her husband is completed. This hinders the wife to file a divorce that may lead to unclear domestic situation. This study uses a normative juridical method with statutory and analytical approach through multidisciplinary approach, namely from aspects of Marriage Law, Religious Court Law, and KHI. The results showed that by filing a lawsuit in reconvention by the wife, if the husband does not declare the pledge after the decision is final, the divorce can still occur. Thus, the husband cannot impede the process of divorce that can harm the wife.
Keywords: Husband's Rejection; Pledge of Divorce; Divorce Case.
On assessment of physical development of university students
Authors: Gorbatkova EYu , Akhmadullina KhM , Akhmadullin UZ , Zulkarnaev TR , Husnutdinova ZA , Manuilova GR
Published: December 2022

Health of the younger generation determines the prospects of social and economic development of Russia. So, concern for healthcare of the youth is displayed in fundamental state documents (including the ‘Fundamentals of the state youth policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025’) [1]. In accordance with its relevance, we conducted research aimed at examination of physical development of 1,820 students of the first and fourth years from four Universities of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Based on the past experience, standards of physical development for students from the Republic of Bashkortostan were developed and registered. A retrospective analysis was done comparing data related to modern students from the Republic of Bashkortostan and the ones related to the standard of physical development of students from the Republic of Bashkortostan obtained 25 years ago. The results reveal a tendency (during the last quarter of a century) to asthenization of modern youth from the Republic of Bashkortostan. The functional reserves of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of students were assessed using the circulatory and respiratory Skibinski’s index. It is established that in students, the mean Skibinski’s index was 24.8 ± 0.3, which corresponds to the ‘satisfactory’ range only. The program called ‘Software to assess physical development and adaptation capabilities of the body’ was developed and registered at the Federal Institute of Industrial Property aimed at determination of a risk group of diseases among students depending on their physical development, functional condition and adaptive capabilities of the body.
„Noten zeigen einem, wie man das spielen kann...“ Welche Bedeutung hat musikalische Notation für Grundschulkinder? .
Authors: Söllinger Paul
Published: December 2022

While the German elementary school curriculum expects teachers to focus on practical elements of music like singing, dancing or playing an instrument, the study and knowledge of musical notation does not get much attention. But still, notes are generally important for preserving a musical idea and the knowledge about notes will be important for receiving a good grade in music lessons in secondary school. So on what basics could a future imple- mentation of the teaching of musical notation could be built on? This study examines the pertinence German elementary school students attribute to musical notes. For that purpose, 14 children were interviewed and asked about what they know about notes, where they en- counter notes, how they perceive notes and how important notes are for them. As a result of the study, seven theses are postulated of which one is that the interviewed children do want to learn how to read notes, indeed.
Disruptions from Wildfire Smoke: Vulnerabilities in Local Economies and Disadvantaged Communities in the U.S.
Authors:   Emory University, Lappe Brooke , Vargo Jason ,   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
Published: December 2022

Wildfires, which are increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity, are measurably affecting vulnerable populations, labor, housing, and education. This report describes how wildfire smoke disrupts various sectors of the economy across the United States. Wildfire smoke is a growing problem for groups that face greater economic barriers than the general population, such as low-income families, housing-vulnerable communities, and frontline workers.
Neconstituționalitatea „pretențiilor părții civile” – art. 10 alin. (1) din Legea nr. 241/2005
Authors: Bugnar-Coldea Oana
Published: December 2022

Recent, Curtea Constituțională a decis că sintagma „pretențiile părții civile” din cuprinsul art. 10 alin. (1) din Legea nr. 241/2005, în forma anterioară modificărilor aduse prin Legea nr. 55/2021 este neconstituțională întrucât încalcă principiul egalității armelor. În acest context, după o trecere în revistă a modificărilor aduse de-a lungul timpului dispozițiilor art. 10 alin. (1) din Legea nr. 241/2005 și a argumentelor instanței constituționale, am analizat în ce măsură dispoziția declarată neconstituțională încălca dispozițiile art. 6 din Convenția Europeană a Drepturilor Omului sau doar dispozițiile din Constituție prin raportare și la jurisprudența CCR.
Imágenes y sombras de la experiencia: formas poéticas y religiosas en el capitalismo
Authors: Polanco Salinas Jorge
Published: December 2022

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de mostrar relaciones entre las formas poéticas y religiosas como base de la crisis de la narración, advertida por Walter Benjamin en el capitalismo avanzado. A partir de las poéticas de Tanizaki, Mishima, Kawabata, Baudelaire y otras mencionadas a lo largo del artículo, se intenta dar cuenta del trasfondo del  ensamiento de las imágenes, en la abigarrada y compleja construcción de las formas, en tanto tomas de posición frente al avance del capitalismo como religión. La crisis de la experiencia, por tanto, establece un asunto fundamental ligado a la modernidad y la transformación de los modos de vida comunitarios – que ha afectado a diversos países y tradiciones –, como articulación de la ambivalencia en las aperturas y clausuras de sentido que la literatura desenvuelve en su contenido y recursos estéticos.
Crítica à religião no pensamento de Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Authors: Ribeiro Caldas Filho Carlos
Published: December 2022

Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945), teólogo luterano alemão, foi um dos principais pensadores cristãos do século passado. Membro da resistência alemã a Adolf Hitler durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, tornou-se muito conhecido por ter se envolvido em uma conspiração para assassinar o Führer (“líder”), tendo sido preso após o fracasso da tentativa e, posteriormente, executado por ordem direta do próprio Hitler. O presente artigo apresenta, posto que em síntese, a crítica – teológica – à religião no pensamento de Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Para tanto, o artigo seguirá o seguinte roteiro: 1) apresentação de Bonhoeffer e dos principais temas de sua teologia; 2) a interação de Bonhoeffer com a filosofia de Friedrich Nietzsche, conhecido por sua crítica à religião no século XIX, e 3) o conceito de cristianismo arreligioso de Bonhoeffer, que em si é uma crítica à religião. Por fim, o artigo tenta responder a seguinte pergunta: qual foi a compreensão de religião que Bonhoeffer criticou?
The Effect of Intergenerational Harmony on Voice Behavior: Mediation Effects of Psychological Safety and Perspective taking tested by multigroup analysis
Authors: Han TaeYoung , Choi Dowhan
Published: December 2022

This study was to investigate the mediating effects of psychological safety and perspective taking in the process of intergenerational harmony influencing constructive and supportive voice behavior. In addition, in this process, group differences in terms of generational identity were examined. For the study, data were collected from 311 workers in domestic organizations, and the research model was tested using the structural equation modeling. The result showed that the perception of intergenerational harmony had a positive effect on constructive speech behavior through psychological safety and acceptance of perspective, and it was appropriate to view it as a complete mediation. In the process of intergenerational harmony affecting supportive speech behavior, the mediating effect of perspective taking was significant, while that of psychological safety was not significant. In addition to these results, the group difference in terms of generational identity was found in the mediating process of psychological safety on supportive speech behavior. In the group classified as the new generation, the mediating effect of psychological safety was significant, while the older generation was not. Based on the research results, the academic significance and practical implications of this study were discussed, and limitations and future research tasks were presented.
자율주행자동차에 대한 일반인과 직업운전자의 멘탈모델
Authors: 정 은경 , 연 우석
Published: December 2022

본 연구는 자율주행자동차의 상용화와 직업적 영역에의 도입이 가져올 사회적 변화 및 문제에 대해 알아보고 이와 관련된 정책적 함의점을 제시하기 위해 자동차 운전과 자율주행자동차에 대한 일반인과 직업 운전자의 인식을 살펴보았다. 연구 1에서는 일반인과 직업운전자를 대상으로 인터뷰하여 기존 자동차운전과 자율주행자동차에 대한 심리적 요소(node)를 각 16개씩 추출하였다. 연구 2에서는 ‘자동차운전’에 대해, 연구 3에서는 ‘자율주행자동차’에 대해 추출된 심리적 요소 간의 연결 관계를 파악하였고, 두 집단 간의 멘탈모델 차이를 비교하였다. 개념들 간 관련성은 사회연결망분석을 통해 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 일반인과 직업운전자의 자동차운전 및 자율주행자동차에 대한 인식에 차이가 나타났다. 자동차운전에 대하여 일반인은 기분전환, 여행, 가족, 편안함과 같은 긍정적인 단어들을 중심으로 인식하고 있는 반면, 직업운전자들은 생계, 사고, 직업, 노동과 같이 직업과 관련된 내용을 중심으로 운전을 인식하고 있었다. 자율주행자동차에 대하여 일반인은 자유, 여유, 발전과 같은 긍정적인 단어들과만 직접적인 관련성을 인식하는 반면, 직업운전자들은 불안, 실직, 위험, 위기와 같은 부정적인 단어들을 핵심적 요인들로 인식하여 두 집단간 큰 인식의 차이를 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 함의점과 한계점이 논의되었다.
THE IMPACT OF CAREER SYSTEMS, MOTIVATION AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON THE LECTURER PERFORMANCE THROUGH JOB-INSECURITY
Authors: Anggitaningsih Retna
Published: December 2022

This study analyzes the effect of career system, motivation, and work discipline on the performance of foundation lecturers at private universities in Besuki Raya Region through job-insecurity. Observations were made at five large private universities in Besuki Raya Region by involving 200 lecturers. The analytical method used is the structural equation model (SEM). The findings and results of the study indicate that: (1) a good career system has a significant positive effect on the performance of private university’s foundation lecturers; (2) motivation to become a more qualified lecturer has a significant positive effect on the performance of private university’s foundation lecturers; (3) work discipline has no significant effect on the performance of private university’s foundation lecturers; (4) the career system has a significant negative effect on job-insecurity; (5) motivation has a significant negative effect on job-insecurity; (6) work discipline has no significant effect on job-insecurity; and (7) job-insecurity has a significant negative effect on the performance of private university’s foundation lecturers in Besuki Raya Region.
Rationale and design of COLchicine On-admission to Reduce inflammation in Acute Coronary Syndrome (COLOR-ACS) study
Authors: Toso Anna , Leoncini Mario , Magnaghi Gaia , Biagini Francesco , Martini Olimpia , Maioli Mauro , Villani Simona , Comeglio Marco , Bellandi Francesco
Published: December 2022

Aims

The aim of the colchicine on-admission to reduce inflammation in acute coronary syndrome (COLOR-ACS) study is to evaluate the effects of the addition of short-term, low-dose colchicine to high-dose atorvastatin in limiting levels of inflammatory markers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).

Methods

The COLOR-ACS study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, two-arm trial. Statin-naive patients with NSTE-ACS, scheduled for an early invasive strategy, are randomized on admission to receive standard treatment of atorvastatin 80 mg or standard treatment plus colchicine (1 mg loading dose followed by 0.5 mg/day until discharge). The main exclusion criteria are prior statin and/or colchicine treatment, current treatment with potent inhibitors of CYP3A4, P-glycoprotein or immunosuppressive drugs, known active malignancy, severe kidney, cardiac, liver disease. There is clinical and biochemical follow-up at 30 days after discharge and telephone interview at 6 months. The primary end point is the change in hs-CRP from admission to discharge. Secondary end points include: incidence of acute kidney injury; MB fraction of creatine kinase peak value; glomerular filtration rate change from baseline to 30 days; persistence of hs-CRP ≥2 mg/dl at 30 days; adverse clinical events within 30 days; tolerance to colchicine.

Conclusion

The COLOR-ACS study will provide evidence on the efficacy of early short-term treatment with colchicine in addition to high-dose atorvastatin compared to atorvastatin alone in ACS patients. The potential anti-inflammatory action of colchicine plus atorvastatin is expected to limit hs-CRP increase with resultant clinical benefits.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT05250596.
Changes of Urban Food Purchase Habits during the First Wave of COVID-19: Hungarians Living in Romania and Hungary Compared
Authors: György Ottilia , Orbán Endre
Published: December 2022

The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, the emerging economic uncertainty, a declining trust, digital solutions, and the home office have changed consumer behaviour, including food-buying habits. Given that the epidemic in Central and Eastern Europe has developed differently due to territorial differences, we have focused our study on the comparative analysis of two countries. The aim of our research was to examine the food purchase habits during the first wave of the pandemic together with consumer decisions and their motivations emerged due to the epidemic among the Hungarian urban population of two countries. In the present study, we conducted a survey among Hungarian urban consumers in Romania and among the urban population in Hungary at the beginning of the pandemic when lockdown was implemented. Over a two-month period, we collected more than 2,000 completed questionnaires.
The Dilemmas of the Post-War Transition for the Transcarpathian Calvinists in the Soviet Empire (1944–1949)
Authors: Szamborovszky-Nagy Ibolya
Published: December 2022

The present study examines the dilemma of the Calvinists living in Transcarpathia (which became part of the Soviet Union in 1946) that arose following its annexation to the Soviet Empire. The problem was caused by the fact that among the Protestant denominations in the Soviet Union in 1946-47, only Evangelical Christians-Baptists (ECB) had state registration, i.e. a legal operating licence. The study aims at revealing the dialectics of the dilemma arising among the Calvinists, according to which, in order to survive, they should either align with the ECB (i.e. imperial expectations) or, alternatively, even take the risk of termination and maintain their denominational separation. In addition, the research brings insights into how the choice of the Calvinists was influenced by the denominational autonomy and national traditions that had been enjoyed until then. The state authorities would have provided a chance for an easier and routine-like solution of the problem and classify the nearly 80,000 Reformed community members in Transcarpathia as ECB. However, the case generated an unexpected problem even in the Soviet bureaucratic system as the denominational affiliation was also linked to the issue of nationality. Therefore, at the state level, it was a problem of both a religious belief and national belonging. Likewise, the study highlights the extent to which the response of the religious minority in the present case was about religious affiliation and ethnicity. Finally, the present paper considers how the state’s primary project had ultimately changed when exploring the dilemma and what conclusions and outcomes it entailed.
Computer Geometric Modeling Approach with Filament Assembly Model for 2 × 1 and 3 × 1 Twill Woven Fabric Structures
Authors: Patumchat Puttipong , Inthidech Sudsakorn , Srithep Yottha , Sriprateep Keartisak
Published: December 2022

A new computer geometric modeling approach for 2 × 1 and 3 × 1 twill woven fabric structures is proposed. The precise geometrical description is presented by taking the skewness property into account. In the 2 × 1 and 3 × 1 twill weaves, the twill fabrics are formed of asymmetric floatings in which the length of floating sections was not equal on both surfaces and therefore the equilibrium condition was different from symmetric floatings. The proposed algorithm has three main parts: the first part describes the two-dimensional model of yarn cross-section for twill woven fabric structure, the second part consists of a modeling method for a three-dimensional model in warp/weft yarn, and the third part contains the CAD model. Examples of this approach are demonstrated and compared with a single line of yarn path model and the filament assemble model that excludes the skewness property. The model simulated in this study can improve the visual simulation of the real twill woven fabric and also this geometric model necessary as an input to many computational models for the prediction of the properties of the fabrics.
Philosophical and geopolitical resources for ethical justification of the national and state revival of the suppressed nations in Central Europe
Authors: Bednář Miloslav
Published: December 2022

This reflection examines the context of philosophical-ethical research and its preceding and continuing particular geopolitical framework in the central zone of Central Europe in the case of the national and state revival of the Czech nation. It focuses on the work and endeavour of František Palacký and its interpretive development by Thomas Garrigue Masaryk, which resulted in the foundation of the Czechoslovak Republic. In this context, it finally outlines the significance of the dramatic Central European affairs since the turn of 1989 to the Russian war on Ukraine.
Influence of Form Defect on the Mechanical Behavior and Stress Intensity Factor of Shrink-Fitted Thick-Walled Cylinders
Authors: Boutoutaou Hamid , Chebbab Brahim , Belmessous Abdelmounaime
Published: December 2022

In this research work, the finite element software, ABAQUS is used to study by simulations the influence of form defect on mechanical behavior of a shrink-fitted assembly presenting internal radial cracks. Under the action of contact pressure induced by the tightening between two cylinders, these cracks resulting from incorrect assembly operations or materials elaboration defect, can be harmful to the assembly. Various simulations were carried out in two modeling cases, taking into account the geometric parameters of defect (amplitude Df), of cylinders (thickness t) and of cracks (length a, ratio a/t). Another important parameter such as the tightening was also considered in the modeling. The first modeling relates to the case with defect, external cylinder presents an oval (elliptical) form defect and internal radial cracks. The other concerns the perfect equivalent case (without form defect). The comparison of results obtained by two models shows that form defect modifies the uniformity of equivalent stresses distribution in cylinders and increases the value of stress intensity factor (SIF) KI in cracks. Defect amplitude and tightening significantly influence the value of equivalent stress and that of stress intensity factor (SIF) KI.
Applying Optimization Techniques on Cold-Formed C-Channel Section Under Bending
Authors: El-Lafy Heba F. , Elgendi Elbadr O. , Morsy Alaa M.
Published: December 2022

There are no standard dimensions or shapes for cold-formed sections (CFS), making it difficult for a designer to choose the optimal section dimensions in order to obtain the most cost-effective section. A great number of researchers have utilized various optimization strategies in order to obtain the optimal section dimensions. Multi-objective optimization of CFS C-channel beams using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II was performed using a Microsoft Excel macro to determine the optimal cross-section dimensions. The beam was optimized according to its flexural capacity and cross-sectional area. The flexural capacity was computed utilizing the effective width method (EWM) in accordance with the Egyptian code. The constraints were selected so that the optimal dimensions derived from optimization would be production and construction-friendly. A Pareto optimal solution was obtained for 91 sections. The Pareto curve demonstrates that the solution possesses both diversity and convergence in the objective space. The solution demonstrates that there is no optimal solution between 1 and 1.5 millimeters in thickness. The solutions were validated by conducting a comprehensive parametric analysis of the change in section dimensions and the corresponding local buckling capacity. In addition, performing a single-objective optimization based on section flexural capacity at various thicknesses The parametric analysis and single optimization indicate that increasing the dimensions of the elements, excluding the lip depth, will increase the section’s carrying capacity. However, this increase will depend on the coil’s wall thickness. The increase is more rapid in thicker coils than in thinner ones.
Two-Dimensional Analysis of Functionally Graded Thermoelastic Microelongated Solid
Authors: Sharma Anchal , Ailawalia Praveen
Published: December 2022

The present research focuses on two-dimensional deformation in a functionally graded thermoelastic micro-elongated medium. It is supposed that the non-homogeneous properties (thermal and mechanical) of FGM are in the x-direction. The normal mode technique is used to acquire the analytic expression for displacement components, stress, micro-elongation and temperature. The cause and effect relationship of non-homogeneity and physical quantities is shown through graphical results.
An Investigation of the Suspension Characteristics of the Line Model of the Vehicle Using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Stojanovic Nadica , Jweeg Muhsin Jaber , Grujic Ivan , Petrovic Miroslav , Muhsen Sami , Abdullah Oday I.
Published: December 2022

It can be considered that the suspension system is one of the most important systems in the VEHICLE. Where it is responsible for the stability and balance of the vehicle’s structure on the roads and curves to ensure the comfort of passengers. Also, it absorbs the shocks resulting from the unevenness of the road and prevents it from reaching the wheelhouse. The influence of the suspension constructive parameters in order to obtain the smallest level of displacements of the sprung mass has been investigated. The following control parameters are the stiffness of the sprung, unsprung mass, and the damping of the sprung mass. The parameter which affects most displacements of the sprung mass was determined by applying the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The investigation was conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK software, and a line model of a quarter of the vehicle was created. It was determined that the stiffness of sprung has the most significant influence on the displacement of the sprung-mass, which further affect the vehicle’s comfort.
The distributional impact of the Sierra Leone conflict on household welfare
Authors: Reilly Barry , Sam Hannah
Published: December 2022

This study examines the impact of the Sierra Leone civil war on household expenditure inequality. The paper exploits three rounds of household survey data for Sierra Leone in an attempt to estimate the impact of the conflict on the distribution of household welfare over both short-run and long-run periods. The empirical approach uses RIF measures based on the Gini index and also provides estimates of treatment effects at selected quantiles of the unconditional household expenditure distribution. The key findings reveal that localities subject to a protracted period of occupation by rebel forces experienced a sharp reduction in household expenditure inequality in the immediate aftermath of the conflict with most of the contraction evident at the top end of the distribution.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis – A Chance to Meet Environmental Challenges and Provide Healthy Food for People or an Unacceptable Hazard to Humans, Animals, and the Environment. Consequences of the European Court of Justice Judgment in Case C-528/16
Authors: Michalczuk Lech
Published: December 2022

One of the EU's strategic goals is to reduce the environmental and climate footprint of the EU food system and strengthen its resilience, while ensuring food security for European citizens. Thus, the EU Farm to Fork strategy, which is one of the central pillars of the European Green Deal, set ambitious targets for 2030 to reduce pesticide use in agriculture by 50% and fertilizers use by 20%, with a concomitant 50% reduction of nutrient leakage to surface and groundwater. Additionally, it is recommended that at least 25% of the EU agricultural land shall be kept under organic farming. These goals are far-reaching, but several recent studies indicate that implementing them without significant progress in research and innovation (R & I) may result in a yield decrease by up to 30%, depending on the crop, and an increase in the price of agricultural commodities by up to 18%. Especially affected would be horticulture due to its high dependence on plant protection against pests and diseases. Therefore, the studies recommend accelerating plant breeding in order to produce new plant cultivars genetically resistant to pests and diseases and better equipped to cope with abiotic stresses like limited nutrition and water deficit. The progress in classical plant breeding is a lengthy process. It is especially slow in the case of woody species, like most fruit plants, due to their long juvenile periods and limited genetic variance. Recent advances in functional genomics, bioinformatics, and molecular methods provided tools that speed up the breeding process significantly. Several site-directed mutation technologies allow modifying a specific gene at a predefined site, by deletion or insertion of single or multiple nucleotides, without affecting off-target genes. Several valuable cultivars have been bred so far using these methods, and a large number of others are under trials. However, their release will be severely impeded by the decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union, dated 25 July 2018, that the release of organisms obtained by site-specific mutations, as opposed to organisms obtained by induced random mutation, is controlled by Directive 2001/18/EC2 on genetically modified organisms. This paper reviews the new generation breeding techniques, especially site-directed mutagenesis, and their benefits as well as potential hazards to consumers and the environment.
How Alcohol Damages Brain Development in Children
Authors: Pop-Jordanova Nada , Demerdzieva Aneta
Published: December 2022

The world over, people drink in order to socialize, celebrate, and relax, despite the negative health effects of alcohol. Three periods of dynamic brain changes are evidenced to be particularly sensitive to the harmful effects of alcohol: gestation (from conception to birth), later adolescence (15-19 years), and older adulthood (over 65 years). This article is concentrated only on the negative effects of alcohol in children who have been exposed to alcohol before birth, known as foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

This is a review based on published data in PubMed over the last two decades and is an analysis of more than 150 published papers.

Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, and a range of lifelong physical, behavioural, and intellectual disabilities. The effects of ethanol are expressed on a set of molecules involved in neuroinflammation, myelination, neurotransmission, and neuron function.

Modern neuroimaging techniques are able to specify some fine structural changes in the affected areas of the brain: volume reductions in the frontal lobe, including the middle frontal gyri in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampal structure, interhemispheric connectivity, abnormalities in glial cells, white matter deficits etc. Corpus callosum myelination is affected, resulting in a lack of the inter-hemispheric connectivity. This is known to facilitate autism, stroke, schizophrenia, as well as dementia, disrupts cognitive performance, and may lead to neurobehavioral deficits.

It was pointed out that many symptoms and neuroimaging characteristics are similar in ADHD and FAS, thus the anamnesis for prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure must be taken very seriously in order to better understand and interpret clinical symptoms.
Percutaneous Nephrostomy in the Treatment of Hydronephrosis in Renal Transplant Patients – Case Report
Authors: Severova Galina , Karanfilovski Vlatko , Nikolov Igor , Dzekova-Vidimliski Pavlina , Rambabova-Bushljetik Irena , Dohcev Sasho , Spasovski Goce
Published: December 2022

Percutaneous nephrostomy is a first-line minimal invasive treatment option for ureteral obstruction following kidney transplantation, with high effectiveness and a low complication rate. Percutaneous nephrostomy might be used as a temporary salvage therapy, providing acute decompression of the kidney collecting system and preventing graft loss. It can also function as a permanent and sometimes only possible option in transplant patients with frequent recurrences of ureteral stenosis who either fail an open surgical reconstruction or who are not good candidates for these procedures. We present two patients with acute decline in urine output after renal transplantation with radiologically verified hydroureteronephrosis of the transplanted kidney (graft) caused by stenosis of distal ureter. In both cases, nephrostomy was placed within 48 hours as a temporary salvage treatment that ameliorates renal function and prevents graft loss. The permanent nephrostomy was the only possible solution for the preservation of the graft’s function in the first case because of the recurrences of ureteral stenosis after several percutaneous interventions and open-surgery ureteral reconstruction. A few episodes of nephrostomy tube-related infections were resolved with antibiotics in the first case. The second case was treated with open ureteroneocystostomy with resection of stenotic segment and reinsertion of the ureter into the bladder (ureterocystoneostomy) because of the length of the involved ureteral segment. Both patients had stable graft function in the follow-up period.
Management of Polyneuromyopathy in a Critically Ill Patient with a Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Savevska Cvetanka Gjerakaroska , Radovikj Marija Gjerakaroska , Gechevska Daniela , Koevska Valentina , Mitrevska Biljana , Gocevska Marija , Matjanoska Lidija Stojanoska , Ivanovsk Biljana Kalcovska , Manoleva Maja
Published: December 2022

Critical illness polyneuromyopathy after cardiac surgery is often unrecognized and is a rarely reported clinical condition. It is characterized by more proximal than distal symmetrical flaccid muscle weakness and difficulty in weaning from a respirator. When done in a timely manner, rehabilitation prevents early complications and reduces the length of hospitalization. Rehabilitation leads to better motor outcome, improves short-term and long-term functionality, and results in a better quality of life.
Endangered Languages: A Sociocognitive Approach to Language Death, Identity Loss, and Preservation in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Low Dylan Scott , Mcneill Isaac , Day Michael James
Published: December 2022

Sociolinguists suggest language death entails significant cultural, personal, and ecological loss. Socio-cultural and socio-political factors exacerbate language erosion and encourage supplantation by another more dominant language. Hence, we ask: what are the sociocognitive principles which make language death hurtful and symbolic? Within this article, we attempt to outline a sociocognitive account of language death, situating the Hallidayan perspective of language as a “social-semiotic” system alongside a Cognitive Linguistic approach. We further contextualise language as inseparable from culture, drawing insight from the sociological thought of Bourdieu. We contend that language death entails psychological trauma, representing the destruction of cultural genealogy and the loss of knowledge intrinsic to personal self-imagery and identity. To this end, we present a case study of the Māori languaculture in Aotearoa (New Zealand), tracing the impact of colonialism and marginalisation to current efforts and ambitions to ensure the languacultural survival of Māori and reclaim space in Aotearoa as a respected knowledge system and means of expression, particularly in the socio-technical age of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Web. We argue that our analysis bodes practical implications for language maintenance and revitalisation, concluding that sociolinguistic practitioners should consider a socio-cognitivist as well as socio-technical paradigm for language intervention. In closing, we discuss leveraging AI technologies towards language heritage, archival, and preservation to limit the destructive impact of the death of a language.
Identity Formation and Career Prospects of Bilingual Professionals: Blending Language Skills to Create Novel Applications to Career Pursuits
Authors: Ural Onur , Dikilitas Kenan
Published: December 2022

The most widely believed misconception about bilingualism purports that exposure to a second language within the community will automatically yield bilingual children, who can apply their balanced language skills in every domain of their future employment. However, this misconception does not represent the real-life experiences of most bilinguals. Through a pivotal focus on individual cases, this study was designed to manifest (1) bilingual identity formation and (2) career prospects of early and sequential bilinguals. The study analyzed collected data from individual surveys and in-person interviews with bilingual professional adults. Findings revealed that conscious engagement with the languages they were exposed to as children plays an active role in a bilingual speaker’s identity formation process and influences their career pursuits, instead of the common notion that being exposed to a second language is adequate to embrace bilingualism. Hence, this article brings implications to consider on career pursuits of bilingual speakers as the results indicate bilingual career pursuits transcend language-related occupations.
The Use of Digital Tools in Pre-Service Teachers’ Professional Development Towards Linguistic Diversity in Primary Education
Authors: Smeins Engelina Maria , Wildenburg Kirsten , Duarte Joana
Published: December 2022

As language diversity in education gradually increases, several challenges for primary school teachers arise. According to previous studies, there are not many adequate teacher training programs that prepare teachers in linguistically diverse classrooms and, therefore, teachers that teach pupils with linguistically/culturally diverse backgrounds highly depend on their own engagement with plurilingualism. This shows the need for initial plurilingual(-oriented) pre-service teacher training and in-service teachers’ continuing professional development that focus on acquiring language awareness and obtaining strategies for promoting and recognizing linguistic diversity in the classroom. In addition, most teachers feel the need for further professionalization and tools to help them manage and acknowledge the diversity in their classrooms. Through a pre-post-intervention design, this study examined a) the effects of digital tools for teacher professionalization for plurilingual education on pre-service teachers’ attitudes and knowledge, and (b) how AR-games can be used to further language awareness and openness towards plurilingualism of pre-service teachers and their pupils. The participants reported that the digital tools contributed to their knowledge of linguistic diversity in the classroom, as well as ways to implement plurilingualism in their teaching practices and further language awareness.
PENGARUH INTENSITAS ASET TETAP, PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL DAN KOMITE AUDIT TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE
Authors: Hafizh Muhammad Taufiqul , Africa Laely Aghe
Published: December 2022

Pajak adalah iuran wajib dari subjek pajak dan ditujukan kepada Negara. Pajak bagi perusahaan merupakan beban yang dapat mengurangi keuntungan perusahaan sedangkan pajak bagi Negara adalah pendapatan yang akan digunakan untuk mendanai penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh intensitas aset tetap, pertumbuhan penjualan, kepemilikan institusional dan komite audit terhadap penghindaran pajak. Dalam penelitian ini, penghindaran pajak diukur dengan menggunakan tarif pajak efektif (ETR) perusahaan yang membayar pajak dibagi dengan laba sebelum pajak penghasilan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri dasar dan kimia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2016-2020. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 152 perusahaan selama periode pengamatan 5 tahun. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari laporan keuangan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Ver. 24. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intensitas aset tetap berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap penghindaran pajak, pertumbuhan penjualan berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap penghindaran pajak, sedangkan kepemilikan institusional dan komite audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak.
Gereja Katolik Santo Fransiskus Assisi Padang Tahun 1966-2019
Authors: Herdiansyah Josep , Irianna
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini fokus pada faktor perkembangan Gereja Katolik Santo Fransiskus Assisi yang sudah berdiri pada tahun 1960. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hal pokok dalam pendekatan ini adalah melaluis studi dokumen, dan wawancara mendalam terhadap pelaku seperti Pastor, Pegawai Paroki dan beberapa umat gereja yang sudah lama ada di gereja ini. Agar mempertajam analisis, penelitian juga menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah. Adapun bagian-bagian dari metode penelitian sejarah ini, di antaranya heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi (penulisan). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan berkembangnya gereja disebabkan oleh berkembangnya jumlah jemaat umat Katolik di Kota Padang sejak masa Orde Baru.
Suara Rang Awak: Radio Jam Gadang, Bukittinggi Pasca Reformasi
Authors: Dayaning Buana Fadila , Samry Wannofri
Published: December 2022

Objek penelitian ini adalah Radio Jam Gadang FM, salah satu radio swasta di Bukittinggi. Radio ini lahir untuk mempertahankan dan memperkuat identitas Minang ketika gencarnya aliran globalisasi dan modernisasi yang banyak disiarkan media massa pada awal reformasi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara, dokumentasi, arsip dan observasi lapangan. Sumber dan informasi yang didapat dari studi pustaka dan wawancara dikritik lalu diinterprestasikan, kemudian dilakukan penulisan sejarahnya. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa radio Jam Gadang telah menyuarakan identitas Minangkabau di kota Bukittinggi. Seluruh programprogram yang disajikan pada radio Jam Gadang memiliki tujuan sebagai wadah untuk melestarikan kesenian Minangkabau di tengah masyarakat urban.

Kata kunci: radio, identitas, Minangkabkau, globalisasi, modernisasi
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast with mesenchymal differentiation: a rare case report and literature review
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SURGERY, PT BHAGWAT DAYAL SHARMA, POST GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, ROHTAK, HARYANA, INDIA, Kumar Davinder , Kumar Anil , Dandotiya Gajendra , Yadav Ashish , Bhukal Ritu
Published: December 2022

Metaplastic breast carcinoma with mesenchymal differentiation (MCMD), formerly known as carcinosarcoma, is a very rare and aggressive tumor that has recently been classified as a subtype of metaplastic breast carcinoma. It accounts for 0.08%–0.2% of all breast cancers, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Here we report a case of a 56-year-old woman with a large, hard lump in her right breast, with no history of breast cancer in first degree relatives. Symptoms were present 6 months before presentation. After hospitalization and following physical evaluation, USG, mammography, biopsy and immunohistochemistry, the diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma with mesenchymal differentiation was established. Two of 11 axillary lymph nodes were positive for metastases. The optimal treatment modality for metaplastic carcinoma is not yet established due to its rarity and heterogeneity. Modified radical mastectomy is the preferred surgical procedure because a large tumor size is a contraindication for breast conserving surgery. In conclusion, a patient with such an enlargement of the breast mass must be carefully evaluated, for the correct diagnosis of a possible metaplastic carcinoma.
Pediatric multicentric Castleman disease; a case report
Authors:   CLINICAL DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY, UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL FOR TUMORS, SESTRE MILOSRDNICE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL CENTER, ZAGREB, CROATIA, Alfier Gabriela , Giljevic Jasminka , Milas Ivan , Balja Melita , Čulo Karolina
Published: December 2022

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology characterized by benign lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and capillary proliferation. CD can be divided histologically into four different variants: hyaline-vascular (HV), plasma-cell (PC), mixed and plasmablastic types. The unicentric CD (UCD) is localized lymphadenopathy while multicentric CD (MCD) is a systemic disorder involving cytokine-induced polyclonal lymphoproliferation and systemic inflammation due to overexpression of interleukine-6, and can be idiopathic or associated with HIV/HHV-8 infection. Surgical removal is the gold standard for patients with unicentric CD, while multicentric CD requires systemic therapy. In our presentation we wanted to show that even multicentric type of CD can be treated surgically only and that this surgical approach can be therapeutic and not mutilating at the same time. As in every rare disease, the recording of cases in rare disease registries is essential. Accumulation of the cases enables the evaluation of treatments and may provide a solid base for guidelines update.