bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-reflective Mulching Membrane for a Sustainable Development: Monitoring Campaign
Authors: Manni Mattia , Di Giuseppe Alessia , Petrozzi Alessandro , Nicolini Andrea , Rossi Federico , Cotana Franco
Published: October 2020

Modern agriculture techniques are responsible for the production of large volumes of greenhouse gases that represent the main cause of climate change. At the same time, agricultural activities are negatively affected by climate change effects, showing a reduction in productivity. Within this framework, the present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of an innovative high-reflective mulching membrane that can be exploited in the agricultural sector to mitigate its environmental impact. It consists of a mulching membrane coupled to an irrigation system, and painted with bright pigments on the side facing the skydome. This technology was used in food crop farming in the experimental field in Perugia. Sensors for monitoring solar irradiation, rainwater recovery, and phenological parameters were installed. Data collected during the monitoring campaign conducted in summer demonstrated that the high-reflective membrane was capable to increase the ground solar reflectance up to 0.60, while avoiding the utilization of potable water and water from the aquifer to irrigate the crops. An acceleration of the photosynthesis processes was also observed along with an increment in the productivity: tomatoes grew up to 20% more in weight.
Production of eco-sustainable insulating panels by recovering wood waste: fabrication and preliminary experimental characterization of thermal and acoustic properties
Authors: Merli Francesca , Belloni Elisa , Buratti Cinzia
Published: October 2020

The work was developed in the ReScaLe FiAer project framework, funded by the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia. It is focused on the identification and collection of multiple high quality wood waste from a local window manufacturer. Three types of wood were available, from different tree species (pine, oak, and mahogany) and sizes (pieces of wood, mixed coarse chips, and mixed fine chips). Preliminary analyses were performed in order to evaluate the properties of the raw material. For each type of wood, eco-sustainable panels (300x300 mm2) were assembled by gluing. Multiple tests were carried out in order to identify the optimal mixtures and to ensure a good mechanical resistance with the minimum adhesive use. Panels were assembled by using vinyl glue, easily available and cheap, and flour glue, with a lower environmental impact and safe for people’s health. The thermal conductivity of the panels was measured by means of the Small Hot Box experimental apparatus: it varies in the 0.071-0.084 W/mK range, at an average temperature of 10°C, depending on the tree species and regardless of the type of adhesive used. Furthermore, 100-mm diameter cylindrical samples with two different thicknesses for each type of wood and glue were fabricated, in order to investigate their acoustic behaviour in an impedance tube. The use of flour glue improves the sound absorption and insulation performance of the samples.
Effects of plasma kinetic modeling on performance characterization of plasma actuators for active flow control
Authors: Fontanarosa Donato , Cinieri Giacomo , De Giorgi Maria Grazia , Ficarella Antonio
Published: October 2020

This work focuses on the development of a multiscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation framework for the investigation of the effects of plasma kinetics on the performance of a microscale dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator (DBD-PA). To this purpose, DBD-PA multi-scale dual-step modelling approach has been implemented, by considering plasma chemistry and flow dynamic. At first, a microscopic plasma model based on the air plasma kinetics has been defined and plasma reactions have been simulated in zero-dimensional computations in order to evaluate the charge density. At this aim computations have been performed using the toolbox ZDPlasKin, which solves plasma reactions by means of Bolsig+ solver. An alternate current (AC) electrical feeding has been assumed: in particular, the sinusoidal voltage amplitude and the frequency have been fixed at 5 kV and 1 kHz at atmospheric pressure and 300 K temperature in quiescent environment. The predictal charge density has been in a macroscopic plasma-fluid model based on Suzen Dual Potential Model (DPM), which has implemented in the computation fluid dynamic CFD code OpenFoam. Hence, as second step, 2D-CFD simulations of the electro-hydrodynamic body forces induced by the microscale DBDPA have been performed, based on the previously predicted charge densities at the operating conditions. Quiescent flow over a dielectric barrier discharge actuator has been simulated using the plasma-fluid model. The novel modelling framework has been validated with experimental data.
Formation and Topology of vortices in Couette Flow over open cavities
Authors: Biserni Cesare , Impiombato Andrea Natale , Jahanbin Aminhossein , Rossi di Schio Eugenia , Semprini Giovanni
Published: October 2020

The present study investigates the planar Couette flow problem for low Reynolds numbers inside a rectangular duct with a morphing cavity serving as a vortex formation promoter. A finite element code implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics is employed to analyze the effects of the cavity aspect ratio and variations of the Reynolds number on formation and topology of the vortices within the embedded cavity. The obtained results indicate that the cavity height is influential in the number of vortices. It is shown by increasing the Reynolds number, a single vortex tends to move towards the outlet. In addition, streamlines demonstrate that small vortices in vicinity of the cavity corner tend to be enlarged with increase of the Reynolds number. The developed numerical model can be extended to the flow structure of natural systems such as an embayment subjected to parallel-to-shore currents.
Measurement of Internal Heat Transfer Distribution of Highly-Loaded Gas Turbine Blade by Combined Experimental/Numerical Method
Authors: Ali Asif , Cocchi Lorenzo , Picchi Alessio , Facchini Bruno
Published: October 2020

To ensure a passable life span of gas turbine hot gas path components the measurement of metal surface temperature is paramount. Experimental analyses on internally cooled devices are often performed on simplified or scaled up geometries, which reduces the applicability of the results to the actual real hardware. A more reliable estimation of cooling performance could be obtained if the real engine component is directly studied. To achieve this goal, an experimental campaign is performed to investigate the internal heat transfer distribution of an industrial blade, cooled by means of an internal U-shaped channel. During the experiment the blade is heated to a known temperature, then a coolant is introduced through the internal channel to induce a thermal transient, during which the external surface temperature is measured with the help of an infrared camera. Then a transient thermal finite element simulation is performed with the same boundary and inlet conditions of the experiment. Based on the output of the simulation, the internal heat transfer distribution is updated until convergence between simulation output external temperature and the experimental temperature is achieved. In order to start the iterative procedure, a first attempt estimation of the internal heat transfer distribution is obtained with a lumped thermal capacitance model approach. Different experiments were performed with different mass flow rates and the results are compared with available literature data. The obtained results allow to observe detailed heat transfer phenomena, strongly bound to the relevant features of the actual real cooling system.
Modelling and analysis of a liquid-cooled system for thermal management application of an electronic equipment
Authors: Cheli Lapo , Carcasci Carlo
Published: October 2020

The removal of heat from electronic components, increasingly miniaturized with high power dissipation per unit volume, is a significant industrial problem to be resolved, to avoid failures due to excessive temperatures and besides to maintain performance and operating conditions. This article describes the development of a one-dimensional thermodynamic model to simulate the cooling of electronic chips belonging to inverters for stationary PV solar arrays; these are typically located in very different environments, including deserts or very hot areas, so the operating life of theirs inverter units are strongly affected by changes in external environmental conditions. Results have shown that the model allows, with very low calculation times, to quantify the effects of cooling performance and thermal load of electronics both in design and off-design conditions: the working temperature of the components was monitored as the effectiveness of the main heat exchanger vary with the exposure to the external environment over time, in terms of fouling and as the ambient air temperature changes; in this case a simple control system was simulated to limit the maximum temperature of the chips and the air flow rate of the fans. The thermal performances of two types of glycol-based refrigerant fluids have been compared.
Transient 2D FEM-fluid network coupling for thermo-mechanical whole gas turbine engine simulations: modelling features and applications
Authors: Giuntini Sabrina , Andreini Antonio , Facchini Bruno , Mantero Marco , Pirotta Marco , Olmes Sven
Published: October 2020

In order to control the thermo-mechanical stresses that large heavy-duty power generation turbines have to face nowadays in their frequent operational transients, the analysis of the heat transfer between main flow, secondary air systems and structural components has to consider multi-physics coupled interactions, and has to be carried out with a whole engine modelling approach, simulating the entire machine in the real operating conditions. This is fundamental to guarantee a reliable assessment of life timing consumption and optimize clearances and temperature picks, through an efficient secondary air system design. It is here proposed a comprehensive description of modelling features and assumptions needed for the transient thermo-mechanical characterization of the whole engine through the application of a FEM-fluid network coupling methodology developed in collaboration with Ansaldo Energia and based on the open source code CalculiX®. In the present work the transient thermal modelling capability of the procedure will be verified through its application to a real whole engine geometry under a realistic transient cycle, comparing results with those of a reference FEM code.
Analysis of the Influence of the Mean Flow Field Mach Number on Thermo-Acoustic Combustion Instability
Authors: Ceglie Vito , Capurso Tommaso , Oresta Paolo , Camporeale Sergio Mario
Published: October 2020

This work deals with numerical simulations of an annular burner with cross-section variations by using the FEM method. The main novelty is the introduction of the axial component of the mean flow in 3D simulations, which is usually neglected in the literature. The geometry investigated consists of an annular plenum chamber and an annular combustion chamber connected by 12 swirl burners. New insights are provided for a wide range of mean flow values, thus of Mach numbers. Firstly, a numerical assessment has been performed. Indeed, a simple annular geometry, which accurately approximates a real LP combustor, has been simulated and the results compared with the ones obtained with the software OSCILOS. The results achieved agree with the ones presented by Dowling and Stow [1], which demonstrated by applying a loworder one-dimensional model that the higher the mean flow velocity, the lower the frequencies and the growth rates gained.
Design and CFD Analysis of a Radial-Inflow Turbine for Small Scale ORC Applications
Authors: Cappiello Alessandro , Tuccillo Raffaele
Published: October 2020

In recent years, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology has received growing interests, thanks to its high flexibility and to the capability to exploit energy sources at temperature levels difficult to be approached with conventional power cycles. These features allow exploiting renewable and renewable-equivalent energy sources, by either improving the energy conversion efficiency of existing plants or using waste heat from industrial process. As far as the expander is concerned, a high potential solution is represented by turbo-expanders, which allow reduction of plant clutter and complexity, so enhancing the potential impact on the diffusion of small power ORC-based plants. The present work concerns the design of a RadialInflow Turbine for a bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle in the tens of kW scale. Design boundary conditions are retrieved by a zero-dimensional model of a solar-assisted micro gas turbine in cogenerating mode. The design process is started by means of an in-house mean-line design code accounting for real gas properties. The code is used to carry out parametric analyses to investigate the design space for several working fluids encompassing different classes, namely refrigerants and siloxanes. The program is used to assess the effect of design variables and working fluid on the turbine performance and turbine design characteristics. Subsequently, the most promising design candidates are selected and three-dimensional first guess stator and rotor geometries are built on these preliminary designs. Stationary and rotating passages are then meshed and analyzed by means of RANS CFD based solution of the stator – rotor interaction.
Development of a data-driven model for turbulent heat transfer in turbomachinery
Authors: Tucci Francesco Aldo , Delibra Giovanni , Corsini Alessandro
Published: October 2020

Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have become popular in many fields, including applications related to turbomachinery and heat transfer. The key properties of ML are the capability to partially tackle the problem of slowing down of Moore’s law and to dig-out correlations within large datasets like those available on turbomachinery. Data come from experiments and simulations with different degree of accuracy, according to the test-rig or the CFD approach. When dealing with modelling of turbulent flows in turbomachinery there is a constant trade-off between accuracy and computational costs, but starting from the large amount of data on turbomachinery performance, with ML it is possible to train a learner to correct and improve CFD. The aim of this work is to investigate an innovative data-driven approach that could lead to a significant improvement in the analysis of heat transfer in turbulent flows. The effects of Reynolds number and wall temperature on heat transfer for a double forward-facing step with two squared obstacles were investigated by numerical simulations carried out in OpenFOAM. Then a machine-learnt model was derived using a regression algorithm. The results of regressor showed that a data-driven approach can effectively predict results of the RANS model.
One Lever Control for Variable Pitch Turboprop Aircraft
Authors: Gaudio Giovanni , Dambrosio Lorenzo
Published: October 2020

The present work focuses on the control strategy concerning the propulsion system of a variable pitch turboprop aircraft. Extremely common solution for the management of the propulsion system of existing variable pitch turboprop aircraft considers a two-lever system for the control of both the turboprop output power and the propeller thrust. Such an approach translates, on one hand into a greater pilot responsibility and, on the other hand, into higher costs in terms of fuel consumption, aircraft maintenance and pilot training. In order to solve these drawbacks, an one-lever system for the control of the variable pitch turboprop aircraft propulsion system has been proposed. The design of this one-lever propulsion control has been carried at first by developing the whole aircraft ecosystem in Simulink© framework and then by implementing the control algorithm of the one-lever system.
Water washing of axial flow compressors: numerical study on the fate of injected droplets
Authors: Agati Giuliano , Di Gruttola Francesca , Gabriele Serena , Simone Domenico , Venturini Paolo , Borello Domenico
Published: October 2020

In turbomachinery applications blade fouling represents a main cause of performance degradation. Among the different techniques currently available, online water washing is one of the most effective in removing deposit from the blades. Since this kind of washing is applied when the machine is close to design conditions, injected droplets are strongly accelerated when they reach the rotor blades and the understanding of their interaction with the blades is not straightforward. Moreover, undesirable phenomena like blades erosion or liquid film formation can occur. The present study aims at assessing droplets dragging from the injection system placed at the compressor inlet till the first stage rotor blades, with a focus on droplets impact locations, on the washing process and the associated risk of erosion. 3D numerical simulations of the whole compressor geometry (up to the first rotor stage) are performed by using Ansys Fluent to account for the asymmetric distribution of the sprays around of the machine struts, IGV and rotor blades. The simulations are carried out by adopting the k-ε realizable turbulence model with standard wall functions, coupled with the discretephase model to track injected droplets motion. Droplets-wall interaction is also accounted for by adopting the Stanton-Rutland model which define a droplet impact outcome depending on the impact conditions. The induced erosion is evaluated by adopting an erosion model previously developed by some of the authors and implemented in Fluent through the use of a User Defined Function (UDF). Two sets of simulations are performed, by considering the rotor still and rotating, representative of off-line and on-line water washing conditions, respectively. In the rotating simulation, the Multiple Reference Frame Model is used. The obtained results demonstrate that the washing process differs substantially between the fixed and the rotating case. Moreover, to quantify the water washing effectiveness and the erosion risk, new indices were introduced and computed for the main components of the machine. These indices can be considered as useful prescriptions in the optimization process of water washing systems.
Calculation Model of Preposition Distance of Electronic Toll Collection Signs Based on Lane Changing Behavior
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Changjian , Zhang Ying , Ma Jinhang , He Jie , Liu Ziyang , Yan Xintong , Hong Qiong
Published: October 2020

ETC and MTC lanes of China’s hybrid toll stations have various setting modes. When the vehicles passed through the toll stations, they would face a more complicated lane change process. If the ETC sign was set in the appropriate position in advance, the traffic safety in front of the toll stations would be effectively improved. The paper analyzed the process of lane change in 18 scenes by taking one-way three-lane highway at the upstream of toll station with six lanes as an example. Based on the definition of driver’s reaction distance, reading distance and safe distance of action, the theoretical calculation model of ETC sign preposition distance was established. It revealed the functional relationship between ETC lane layout schemes and sign preposition distance, and explored the reasonable setting position of the ETC sign in the full scenes of the lane layout. Finally, a case study of Nanjing toll station on Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway was carried out.
Identification of potential traffic accident hot spots based on accident data and GIS
Authors: Zhu Hongge , Zhou Yuntong , Chen Yanyan
Published: October 2020

The problem of road traffic safety has been widely concerned in recent years. The identification of traffic accident hot spots can effectively improve the road traffic safety and let the traffic managers formulate targeted improvement measures and suggestions. The traditional identification method of accident hot spot does not consider the spatial attribute of the accident, so it has some limitations in the identification of traffic accident hot area. Therefore, this paper first proposes a method to identify the hot spot of traffic accidents based on geographic information system (GIS). The mathematical model and machine learning model are used to explore the correlation between traffic accidents and spatial characteristics from macro and micro aspects. Finally, taking Beijing as an example, the feasibility of the research method is proved by using the accident data of Beijing in 2015 and the geographic information of Beijing. The research results of this paper can realize the spatial effective transformation of accident records, comprehensively consider the micro and macro attributes of the accident itself, realize the automatic and efficient identification of the accident hot spot. In addition, the causality analysis results between each attribute and the distribution of accident hot spots can help decision makers to formulate safety and sustainable road strategies.
Intelligent and safe design of recycling express packing boxes
Authors: Gong Jian , Lu Xingyue , He Jie , Li Jiajia , Yan Xintong , Zhang Hao , Zhang Changjian
Published: October 2020

In order to cope with the growing environmental pollution triggered by traditional disposable express packing box, the design and promotion of recycling express packing boxes (REPB) is of necessity and feasibility. However, relevant research is still lacking. To address the aforementioned issues, this paper attempted to propose a comprehensive method for designing REPB based on five intelligent functions of REPB, i.e., information processing, transportation environmental state perception, transportation environment interaction, human-machine interaction, and cloud interaction. Additionally, to ensure the reliability and safety of REFB, this paper discussed the material and structure of REPB based on shock absorption, as well as the intelligent functions to protect REFB from being stolen and lost. This paper can aid in the establishment of framework for REPB design pertaining to intelligence, safety, feasibility and reliability. Future research could further explore the standardization of REFB.
Multi-objective Optimization Model of Multi-modal Transport Based on Regional Sustainability Indicators
Authors: Yang Shengjiao , Song Zuoling
Published: October 2020

With the development of “One Belt, One Road” initiative and free trade area, the volume of cross-border international logistics involving multiple modes of transport has surged. Meanwhile, the proportion of using integrated transportation system in domestic trunk transport has increased. Multi-modal transport (MMT) based on green transport can realize intensive utilization of transport capacity resources, and implement sustainable transport management with three bottom lines of economic, environmental and social aspects. In this paper, the carbon emission index and regional transportation infrastructure utilization index are introduced to construct a multi-objective optimization model with sustainable goals of environmental protection, cost saving and social contribution. The poly-population genetic algorithm (PPGA) is used to overcome the limitation of the traditional genetic algorithm running to the local optimum. The model proposed by this paper quantifies environmental and social indicators, balances comprehensive performance of environment, economy and society, and provides quantitative decision making support for carriers, international freight forwarder or third party logistics to carry out green MMT.
Following model for ships in navigation tunnels
Authors: Weidong Gan , Dianguang Ma , Yanwei Li , Jian Deng
Published: October 2020

Determination of the appropriate following distance between ships is essential for their safe passage through navigation tunnels. In this study, it uses the following theory of traffic flow to establish a model that enables the calculation of the following distance between ships in a navigation tunnel. Based on the proposed model, the study also introduces an approach to calculate and control the following distance at different risk levels in order to control the passage intervals within a navigation tunnel. In addition, the study tests the model using data for the second line navigation tunnel of the Silin Junction in the Wujiang River, China and compare the results with existing distance control parameters for ships in the Goupitan first line navigation tunnel in the Wujiang River. The proposed model can effectively reduce the risk of ship navigation in tunnels by providing reference information for safe ship navigation, thus allowing operational and management staff to ensure adherence to safety procedures within the navigation tunnel.
Analysis of the Business Models of the Intelligent and Connected Vehicle Industry
Authors: Zhao Fuquan , Tan Hong , Liu Zongwei
Published: October 2020

Intelligent connected vehicles (ICV) are recognized as a great opportunity with huge social benefits by the global auto industry. Governments of various countries attach great importance to them, and traditional Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and technology companies are also introducing them into consumers’ lives by virtue of various business models, thereby generating practical value. The business model plays a decisive role in determining whether a company can share the ICV market cake and its future position in the industry. More importantly, it will also determine how fast the ICVs can become reality from imagination. In this paper, the ICV industry ecosystem was sorted out, the business models of ICVs adopted by mainstream OEMs were analyzed, and five typical business models were summarized, i.e. platform model, self-transformation model, traditional Tier1 dependence model, alliance model, and outsourcing model. On this basis, the SWOT analysis method was adopted to systematically analyze the internal and external advantages and disadvantages of the five business models, and forward insights on enterprises’ developing and maintaining the competitive advantages in the ICV industry were proposed from five perspectives of technology, market timing, customer experience, brand, and data.
Research on Automated Warehouse Scheduling System Based on Double Label and Sorting Algorithm
Authors: Xiao Yang , Yun-chao Man , Jian Xu , Shan Bai , Jiao Liang
Published: October 2020

Through the research on the RFID’s User tag memory and its coding mode, a double-label management mode based on the combination of RFID tag and barcode is proposed, which realizes the binding of information in the warehouse logistics process, the convenient transmission and traceability between the upstream and downstream departments. The interface between the scheduling system and the equipment control system is designed, and the scheduling algorithm based on priority ranking is put forward to realize material outbound in order in warehouse logistics system. This method is an extension of the warehouse and logistics information system, which can solve the problem of the accuracy of the material outbound in sequence to the downstream departments.
Research on Multi-objective Dynamic Task Scheduling of Cross-aisles Multi-layer Shuttle Truck Storage System Based on Elite Strategy
Authors: ZHANG Ran , WANG Zhuan , AN Yu-xin
Published: October 2020

In order to improve the operating efficiency of the cross-aisles shuttle truck system and the responsiveness to the disturbance of the return task, this paper first proposes a dynamic task scheduling process for the shuttle truck, using an event trigger mechanism. Each time a warehouse return task is generated, the corresponding scheduling optimization algorithm is triggered according to the current task combination mode to re-optimize the task sequence. Secondly, a task sequencing model is established under three combined task modes: full outbound / full return tasks, task mode with in-transit return tasks under the compound operation mode, task mode without in-transit return tasks under the compound operation mode. A fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm scheduling algorithm with elite strategy for compound operation mode is proposed. Finally, MATLAB was used to compile the simulation experiment system. The simulation analysis results show that the method can effectively improve the system’s operating efficiency, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheduling method.
Oxidative stability ofOpuntia ficus-indicaseeds oil blending withMoringa oleiferaseeds oil☆
Authors: Salama Mohamed Abdelbaset , El Harkaoui Said , Nounah Issmail , Sakr Hazem , Abdin Mohamed , Owon Mostafa , Osman Mohamed , Ibrahim Awatif , Charrouf Zoubida , Matthäus Bertrand
Published: October 2020

Enhancement of the oxidative stability of cactus seeds oil by blending with moringa seeds oil was investigated during storage period for four weeks at 50 °C. Blends (25, 50 and 75%) of moringa seeds oil with cactus seeds oil were prepared. Fatty acids composition, induction period, peroxide value, specific extinction coefficients (K232 and K270) and tocopherols were studied. Blending moringa seeds oil with cactus seeds oil at 25:75% increases the induction period to 4.06 h while it was 3.16 h in 100% cactus seeds oil. Peroxide values decreased due to increase moringa seeds oil amount in blends. Also, adding moringa seeds oil to cactus seeds oil caused a decrease in K232 and K270 values during the storage period in comparison with 100% cactus seeds oil. α-tocopherol values decreased during storage for all oil blends, while the content of γ-tocopherol in all samples (except moringa seeds oil) increased during storage period reaching the highest level after the third week then it started to decrease. Therefore, the obtained results provided a potential approach to utilize moringa oil to increase the oxidative stability of edible oils.
Watermelon seeds and peels: fatty acid composition and cosmeceutical potential
Authors: Petchsomrit Arpa , McDermott Mark I. , Chanroj Salil , Choksawangkarn Waeowalee
Published: October 2020

Watermelon consumption results in generation of organic waste in the form of seeds and peels. We have evaluated the fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content of watermelon (Kinnaree cultivar) seed oil and peel wax. In addition, we assessed the potential use of these watermelon industry byproducts in the development of cosmeceuticals. The most abundant fatty acids in seed oil and peel wax were linoleic acid and arachidic acid, respectively. Fatty acids form an essential component in the cell membranes and have seen increased recognition in the cosmeceutical industry. Antioxidants also play a beneficial role in skincare in combating free-radicals resulting from sun damage and pollutants. The seed oil showed stronger antioxidant activity than the peel wax, as indicated by the DPPH radical scavenging ability of 0.894 mg α-tocopherol equivalent/g dried seeds versus 0.036 mg α-tocopherol equivalent/g dried peels. Therefore, the seed oil was formulated into skincare products, in the form of emulsions and nanoemulsions. The most effective formulae were stable at room temperature for seven days, or following repeated cycles of heating and cooling. This work demonstrates the potential for watermelon seed oil to be employed in skincare product formulations, which could maximize agricultural profit and minimize environmental waste.
Evaluation of the benefits in assisting cyclists to perform the pedal movement with real-time augmented feedback
Authors: Schaffert Nina , Zdzieblo Felix , Schlüter Sebastian , Mattes Klaus
Published: October 2020

Purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of training with augmented feedback of the pedal forces on performing the pedal movement on a bicycle ergometer. The aim was (1) to assist cyclists in optimizing their pedal technique and (2) to improve their perception of the execution of the pedal movement. 21 male sport students (28.1 ± 3.8 years), randomly divided in three groups: no feedback (nF), visual feedback (vF) and audiovisual feedback (avF), completed four tests in two training sessions. The Wattbike cycling ergometer measured pedal forces and provided them as vF or avF. Also the participants’ subjective perception was requested. All groups reduced the amplitudes of force and power output, with the avF group showing the greatest change. There were improvements in the overall shape of the pedal cycle with avF which is reflected in a rounder and more consistent shape, and balanced between each leg (strong pushing and balanced pulling phase). Individual statements underline the possibility of a quick modification of the pedal technique after two training sessions with feedback. Most of the participants in the avF group could imagine a general use of the sound in regular training for assistance.
Long-term observation of magnetic pulsations through the ELF Hylaty station located in the Bieszczady Mountains (south–eastern Poland)
Authors: Nieckarz Zenon , Michałek Grzegorz
Published: October 2020

Ground-based measurements of ultra- and extremely low-frequency waves (ULF/ELF) carried out in 2005–2016 (the 23rd and 24th solar cycle) at the ELF Hylaty station in Bieszczady Mountains (south–eastern Poland) were used to identify the days (360 days) in which magnetic pulsation events (MPEs) occurred. To reveal sources of MPEs at the Sun we considered their correlation with the basic indices describing solar activity. Our analysis, like earlier studies, did not reveal a significant positive correlation between the MPE detection rate and the sunspot numbers (SSN). On the other hand, we showed that MPEs are strongly correlated (correlation coefficient ≈0.70) with moderate (Dst < −70 nT) and intense (Dst < −100 nT) geomagnetic disturbances expressed by the Disturbance Storm Index (Dst). We recognized all sources of these geomagnetic storms associated with the considered MPEs. Only 44% of the MPEs were associated with storms caused by CMEs listed in the CDAW LASCO CME catalog. 56% of the MPEs were associated with storms caused by other phenomena including corotating interaction regions (CIRs), slow solar wind or CMEs not detected by LASCO. We also demonstrated that the CMEs associated with the MPEs were very energetic, i.e. they were extremely wide (partial and halo events) and fast (with the average speed above 1100 km s−1). CMEs and CIRs generally appear in different phases of solar cycles. Because MPEs are strongly related to both of these phenomena they cannot be associated with any phase of a solar cycle or with any indicator characterizing a 11-year solar activity. We also suggested that the low number of MPEs associated with CMEs is due to the anomalous 24 solar cycle. During this cycle, due to low density of the interplanetary medium, CMEs could easily eject and expand, but they were not geoeffective.
Therapie mit kardialen implantierbaren elektrischen Devices im Alter
Authors: Israel Carsten W.
Published: October 2020

Die Therapie mit Herzschrittmacher, implantierbarem Kardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) oder kardialer Resynchronisation (CRT) ist bei Patienten im Alter besonders oft indiziert und hilfreich, stellt jedoch besondere Anforderungen an Indikationsstellung, Systemwahl, Implantation und Nachsorge. In der Schrittmachertherapie muss Einfühlungsvermögen angewandt werden, um eine oft unspezifische Symptomatik mit einer Bradykardie zu assoziieren. In der ICD-Therapie muss berücksichtigt werden, ob bei hohem Alter und Komorbidität eine Lebensverlängerung durch den ICD möglich und vom Patienten gewünscht ist. Bevor die Akutsituation nicht arrhythmischen Sterbens eintritt, sollte eine Deaktivierung der Schocktherapie erfolgen. Bei hohem Alter muss eine Implantation sicher und zügig durchgeführt, aber immer das optimale System (z. B. CRT) und eine optimale Elektrodenposition verwendet werden, da gerade alte Patienten sehr empfindlich auf eine suboptimale Hämodynamik reagieren.
Is it time for Cold-Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection? A feasibility study in an esophageal and colorectal live porcine model
Authors: Parra-Blanco Adolfo , Fraile-López Miguel
Published: October 2020

Background and study aims Use of cold endoscopic resection has increased due to excellent results with it and the ability to avoid electrosurgery related complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of cold-endoscopic submucosal dissection (C-ESD) in an in vivo porcine model.

Patients and methods C-ESD with circumferential incision and submucosal dissection with a predominantly cold technique was tested in the esophagus and colorectum. Incision and dissection were attempted with a cold technique with a biopsy forceps and an endoscopic Maryland dissector. Large vessels were pre-coagulated with the latter device. Different traction methods were applied.

Results Twelve dissections were performed: four esophageal, four colonic, and four rectal. Tunnel and pocket methods were applied successfully. Full C-ESD was possible in the colorectum. In the esophagus, an initial incision had to be done with electrocautery. No major bleeding occurred. Two perforations occurred in the colon, one was endoscopically treated.

Conclusions Full C-ESD is feasible in the colorectum, whereas a small hot incision is needed in the esophagus. However, in 50 % of the colonic cases, there were perforations caused by the biopsy forceps making the circumferential incision. Therefore, potential benefits of endoscopic resection without cautery would warrant futures studies in humans initially in esophagus and rectal locations.
Hemostasis Laboratory Diagnostics: Characteristics, Communication Issues, and Current Challenges Resulting from Centralization of Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Scharf Rüdiger E.
Published: October 2020

Laboratory diagnostics of patients with bleeding and thrombotic disorders can be a delicate task, which requires special skills and expertise. In this article, characteristic features of hemostasis testing are reviewed, including staged protocols and synoptic assessment of the patient history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings. Despite major progress in the diagnostic and therapeutic management, centralized testing of hemostasis can be associated with substantial challenges, resulting from the current dissociation between the clinical and laboratory world. To address some of these challenges, possible solutions are discussed, including adaptation of an established working paradigm.
Adenomas per colonoscopy and adenoma per positive participant as quality indicators for screening colonoscopy
Authors: Wang Shuo , Kim Adam S. , Church Timothy R. , Perdue David G. , Shaukat Aasma
Published: October 2020

Background and study aims Adenomas per colonoscopy (APC) and adenomas per positive patient (APP) have been proposed as additional quality indicators but their association with adenoma detection rate (ADR) is not well studied. The aim of our study was to evaluate the variability in APC and APP, their association with ADR, and associated risk factors in screening colonoscopies from a community practice.

Patients and methods We calculated the APC, APP, and ADR from all screening colonoscopies performed over 5 years. We used adjusted hierarchical logistic regression to assess the association of factors with APC, APP, and ADR.

Results There were 80,915 screening colonoscopies by 60 gastroenterologists. The median (Q1-Q3) APC, APP, and ADR were 0.41 (0.36 – 0.53), 1.33 (1.23 – 1.40), and 0.32 (0.28 – 0.38), respectively. Despite the high correlation between APC and ADR, 47.6 % of endoscopists with the lowest APC had a higher ADR, and no endoscopists with the highest APC had a lower ADR. Of endoscopists with the lowest APP, 74.3 % had a higher ADR and 5.6 % of endoscopists with the highest APP had a lower ADR. Factors associated with higher APC after multivariable adjustment included: older patients age (OR 1.003; 95 % CI 1.002 – 1.005), male patients (OR 1.123; 95 % CI 1.090 – 1.156), younger endoscopist age (OR 0.943; 95 % CI 0.941 – 0.945), and longer withdrawal time (OR 3.434; 95 % CI 2.941 – 4.010). Factors associated with higher APP were male sex, younger endoscopist age, and longer withdrawal time.

Conclusion APC and APP provides additional information about endoscopist performance. Younger endoscopist age and longer withdrawal time are associated with colonoscopy quality.
Reductive Ring-Opening 1,3-Difunctionalizations of Arylcyclopropanes with Sodium Metal
Authors: Yorimitsu Hideki , Wang Shuo , Kaga Atsushi
Published: October 2020

Sodium dispersion promotes reductive ring opening of arylcyclopropanes. The presence of a reduction-resistant electrophile, such as methoxypinacolatoborane, epoxide, oxetane, paraformaldehyde, or chlorotrimethylsilane, during the reductive ring opening event leads to the formation of 1,3-difunctionalized 1-arylalkanes by immediate trappings of the resulting two reactive carbanions. In particular, the ring-opening 1,3-diborylations of arylcyclopropanes afford 1,3-diborylalkanes with high syn selectivity.
Unravelling the Mysteries of the Mesentery
Authors: Gopalan Sunita , Raghu Vineetha
Published: October 2020

The mesentery and its folds tether the small bowel loops to the posterior abdominal wall. It transmits nerves, vessels, and lymph ensconced in a fatty sponge layer wrapped in a thin glistening peritoneum, from and to the small bowel. Not only does this flexible dynamic fatty apron house various localized primary benign and malignant lesions, it is often involved in and gives an indication of generalized or systemic diseases in the body. An understanding of the anatomy, components, and function of the mesentery helps to classify mesenteric abnormalities. This further allows for characterizing radiological patterns and appearances specific to certain disease entities. Recent reviews of mesenteric anatomy have kindled new interest in its function and clinical applications, heralding the possibility of revision of its role in diseases of the abdomen.
Two-Stage Pediatric Penile Reconstruction after Postcircumcision Gangrene
Authors: Zayid Tarek , Ouf Mohamed O. , Elbatawy Amr , Zidan Serag M. , Hamdy Abdelnaser , Ismail Hany , Sholkamy Khallad , Dahshan Hazem , Ayad Wael
Published: October 2020

Background Postcircumcision penile gangrene is a devastating complication that may lead to total or subtotal penile loss requiring penile reconstruction. Pediatric penile reconstruction poses diverse challenges for most plastic surgeon.

Patients and Methods Retrospective cohort study of 12 children ranged from 6 to 36 months old suffered from total or partial penile loss secondary to electrocautery burn during circumcisions. Reconstruction was done by island groin flap for phallus in first stage and urethral reconstruction by tubularized scrotal flap 6 months later. The outcome was evaluated by assessment of flap survival, the esthetic appearance, urethral competence and rate of complication.

Results Follow-up was ranged from 6 to 24 months. A new phallus of satisfactory dimensions was achieved in all cases. Complications included partial necrosis of the flap in two cases, fistulas in two cases, and stenosis of the urethral anastomosis in one case. These complications were successfully resolved by corrective surgery. Good satisfactory result regarded as shape and urination stream.

Conclusion Penile reconstruction can be performed in children with good results and low complication rate. The use of island groin flap for phallus reconstruction followed by urethral reconstruction by tubularized scrotal flap 6 months later was found effective, time saving, and with minor complication.
Antibiotic Timing in Previable Prelabor Rupture of Membranes Less Than 24 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Knupp Rubymel J. , Pederson Sarah , Blanchard Christina , Szychowski Jeff , Etikala Deepa , Sinkey Rachel , Wetta Luisa , Harper Lorie M.
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to compare neonatal and maternal outcomes between immediate and delayed prophylactic antibiotic administration after previable prelabor premature rupture of membranes (PROM) less than 24 weeks of gestation.

Study Design Retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies with PROM between 160/7 and 236/7 weeks of gestational age conducted at a single tertiary care referral center between June 2011 and December 2015. Patients with multiple gestations, fetal anomalies, those who elected augmentation, or with a contradiction to expectant management, such as suspected intra-amniotic infection or stillbirth, were excluded from the study. We compared pregnancy characteristics, maternal complications, and neonatal outcomes between women who received a course of antibiotics within 24 hours of PROM and women who received antibiotics after 24 hours of PROM. The primary outcome was neonatal survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included gestational age at delivery, time from PROM to delivery, neonatal birth weight, days in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), composite adverse neonatal outcomes, and maternal morbidity.

Results Ninety-four women met inclusion criteria, 57 (61%) received antibiotics within 24 hours of PROM and 37 (39%) received antibiotics 24 hours after PROM. Baseline maternal characteristics were similar in both groups. The mean gestational age at PROM was similar between groups at 20.8 ± 2.3 weeks in the immediate antibiotics group and 20.6 ± 2.1 weeks in the delayed antibiotics group (p = 0.48). Compared with delayed antibiotic administration, immediate antibiotic administration was not associated with a significant difference in latency time from PROM to delivery, rate of stillbirth, days in an ICU, or adverse neonatal outcomes. Maternal outcomes also did not differ significantly between groups. Neonatal birth weight was lower in the immediate antibiotics group (p = 0.012).

Conclusion Our data suggest that there is no maternal or neonatal benefit to immediate administration of latency antibiotics compared with delayed administration.

Key Points
Study on emission spectral lines of hematite and magnetite for purity’s differentiation
Authors: Manzo Maurizio , Ahmed Hossain , Nasrazadani Seifollah
Published: October 2020

Iron oxides have been investigated by employing mostly Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). However, absorption spectra sometimes are difficult to obtain in situ, where accessibility to the location is limited. In this paper, we propose using emission spectra to investigate the purity of hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). We used an infrared beam (wavelength of 1064 nm) from a pulsed laser to obtain emission spectra of the α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 for two different purities (99.99% and 96%) ranging from visible to near-infrared regions. The average values of full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the 99.99% purity were found to be 0.15 nm and 0.17 nm for the hematite and the magnetite, respectively; the average values of FWHM for the 96% purity were found to be 0.19 nm and 0.23 nm for the hematite and the magnetite, respectively. In addition, it is found that lower purity iron oxides exhibited a higher amplitude in the broader emission spectrum when compared to the iron oxides with high purity under the same experimental conditions. Therefore, by observing the amplitude of the broader emission spectra, it is possible to differentiate qualitatively between hematite and magnetite purities; moreover, from the average value of the FWHM of the spectral lines, it is possible to evaluate percentage purity content of hematite and magnetite, which are useful for different mechanical and biomedical applications. FTIR measurements also confirmed that the purity of the oxides can be found by measuring the peaks’ shifts. However, the proposed technique can be used in place of FTIR, where accessibility to the measurement’s location becomes problematic.