bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into aluminum-tolerance pathways in Stylosanthes as revealed by RNA-Seq analysis
Authors: Jiang Caode , Liu Lusheng , Li Xiaofeng , Han Rongrong , Wei Yunmin , Yu Yongxiong
Published: April 2018

Stylo has a great potential for Al3+resistance in acidic soils through secretion of citrate from the roots. To get insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible, transcriptomic changes were investigated in the roots after treatment with T01 (−Al3+, pH6.0), T02 (−Al3+, pH4.3) and T03 (50 µM AlCl3, pH4.3). In total, 83,197 unigenes generated from 130,933 contigs were obtained. Of them, 282, 148 and 816 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were revealed in T01_vs_T02, T02_vs_T03 and T01_vs_T03 comparison, respectively (FDR < 0.001, log2FC > 2). DEGs by Al3+were related to G-proteins, diacyglycerol and inositol metabolism, calcium-signaling, transcription regulation, protein modification and transporters for detoxification of Al3+. Additionally, Al3+facilitates citrate synthesis via modifying gene expression of pathways responsible for citrate metabolism. Overall, Al3+resistance in stylo involves multiple strategies and enhancement of citrate anabolism. The Al3+signal transmits through heterotrimeric G-proteins, phospholipase C, inositol triphosphate, diacylglycerol, Ca2+and protein kinases, thereby activating transcription and anion channels in plasma membrane, and resulting in citrate secretion from stylo roots.
Mean platelet volume predicts survival in pancreatic cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases
Authors: Yin Ji-bin , Wang Xin , Zhang Xin , Liu Li , Wang Rui-tao
Published: April 2018

Most pancreatic cancer (PC) patients manifest multiple liver metastases at the time of diagnosis. Activated platelets play a key role in tumor growth and tumor metastases. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a platelet index and is altered in patients with malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate whether MPV can effectively predict death in PC patients with synchronous liver metastases. The clinical data of 411 PC patients with synchronous liver metastases between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were divided into two groups by MPV levels. Clinicopathological data were collected retrospectively and relationships between MPV levels and clinical parameters were evaluated. Survival analysis was performed. Increased MPV was not significantly correlated with tumor location, tumor size, and CA19.9. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the overall survival of patients with MPV > 8.7 fL was significantly shorter than that of those with MPV ≤ 8.7 fL (log-rank p < 0.001). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model identified MPV as an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival. In conclusion, elevated MPV is associated with worse survival outcome in PC patients with synchronous liver metastases. Further studies are warranted.
New insight and metrics to understand the ontogeny and succession of Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum and Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis
Authors: Jin Yong Ju , Park Yu Kyoung , Cho Min Seok , Lee Eui Seok , Park Dong Suk
Published: April 2018

Lactobacillus plantarum is one of the most extensively studied Lactobacillus species because of its presence in a variety of environmental niches, versatility, and metabolic capabilities, resulting in the use of this organism in many industrial applications. However, although extensive effort has been invested in screening this species from a variety of habitats, a reliable and accurate method for studying the succession and ontogeny of this organism in complex ecosystems is still required to confirm the activity of L. plantarum at the subspecies level. Therefore, in this study, novel subspecies-specific genes for the quantitative detection of two L. plantarum subspecies were identified by comparative genomic analysis. The specificity of primer sets for selected genes specific to each targeted microbe was confirmed in kimchi samples. Interestingly, in all the kimchi samples at 4 °C, the presence of L. plantarum subsp. argentoratensis was not observed. Hence, we found that low temperatures markedly affected the ontogeny of L. plantarum subsp. argentoratensis during kimchi fermentation. Subsequently, this touchstone method will offer new insight and metrics to understand the ontogeny and succession of L. plantarum subsp. plantarum and L. plantarum subsp. argentoratensis in various niches.
Boosting the hydrogen evolution performance of ruthenium clusters through synergistic coupling with cobalt phosphide
Authors: Xu Junyuan , Liu Tianfu , Li Junjie , Li Bo , Liu Yuefeng , Zhang Bingsen , Xiong Dehua , Amorim Isilda , Li Wei , Liu Lifeng
Published: April 2018

Synergistic coupling of ruthenium with cobalt phosphide can significantly boost the hydrogen evolution performance of the hybrid catalysts in a wide pH range.
Flying MOFs: polyamine-containing fluidized MOF/SiO2 hybrid materials for CO2 capture from post-combustion flue gas
Authors: Luz Ignacio , Soukri Mustapha , Lail Marty
Published: April 2018

Solid-state synthesis ensures a high loading and well dispersed growth of a large collection of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanostructures within a series of commercially available mesoporous silica allowing to render MOFs into fluidized solid sorbents for CO2 capture from post-combustion flue gas in a fluidized-bed reactor.
Supramolecular approach towards light-harvesting materials based on porphyrins and chlorophylls
Authors: Otsuki J.
Published: April 2018

Self-assembling porphyrins and chlorophylls, either natural or artificial, harvest light to effect energy conversion reactions.
Hybrid nanoparticles based on chlorin e6-conjugated hyaluronic acid/poly(l-histidine) copolymer for theranostic application to tumors
Authors: Lee Sang-Joon , Jeong Young-IL
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study is to synthesize multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(l-histidine) (PHS) with a disulfide linkage and chlorin e6 (HAPHSce6ss) for diagnostic and therapeutic application against breast tumor cells.
Synthesis of a BODIPY disulfonate near-infrared fluorescence-enhanced probe with high selectivity to endogenous glutathione and two-photon fluorescent turn-on through thiol-induced SNAr substitution
Authors: Xia Xiang , Qian Ying , Shen Baoxing
Published: April 2018

A BODIPY disulfonate BODIPY-diONs with two-photon fluorescent turn-on effect was developed as fluorescence probe for selective detection of glutathione over cysteine and homocysteine.
Products and mechanism of the OH-initiated photo-oxidation of perfluoro ethyl vinyl ether, C2F5OCFCF2
Authors: Bunkan A. J. C. , Srinivasulu G. , Amedro D. , Vereecken L. , Wallington T. J. , Crowley J. N.
Published: April 2018

The photo-oxidation of PEVE in 1 bar of air in the presence of NOx results in the formation of C2F5OCFO, FC(O)C(O)F and CF2O in molar yields of 0.50, 0.46 and 1.50, respectively.
As and Sb are more labile and toxic to water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) in recently contaminated soils than historically co-contaminated soils
Authors: Egodawatta Lakmini P. , Macoustra Gabriella K. , Ngo Lien K. , Jolley Dianne F.
Published: April 2018

Aging of contaminated soils prior to agricultural applications decreases the lability and bioavailability of As and Sb to water spinach, reducing the risk of human exposure.
Adverse reproductive performance in zebrafish with increased bioconcentration of microcystin-LR in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Cheng Houcheng , Yan Wei , Wu Qin , Lu Juanli , Liu Chunsheng , Hung Tien-Chieh , Li Guangyu
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present study was to investigate the reproductive effects of microcystin-LR (MCLR) in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2).
Effect of pyrolysis on the removal of antibiotic resistance genes and class I integrons from municipal wastewater biosolids
Authors: Kimbell Lee K. , Kappell Anthony D. , McNamara Patrick J.
Published: April 2018

Biosolids carry a substantial portion of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) leaving wastewater treatment plants. Pyrolysis substantially reduces ARGs in biosolids.
Lactoferrin preserves bone homeostasis by regulating the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway of osteoimmunology
Authors: Fan Fengjiao , Shi Pujie , Liu Meng , Chen Hui , Tu Maolin , Lu Weihong , Du Ming
Published: April 2018

Lactoferrin preserves bone homeostasis via the osteoimmunology pathway.
Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of usnic acid derivatives
Authors: Victor Kartsev , Boris Lichitsky , Athina Geronikaki , Anthi Petrou , Marija Smiljkovic , Marina Kostic , Oliver Radanovic , Marina Soković
Published: April 2018

Usnic acid, a dibenzofuran, was originally isolated from lichens producing secondary metabolites, and is well known as an antibiotic, but is also endowed with several other interesting properties.
Exploring time-resolved photoluminescence for nanowires using a three-dimensional computational transient model
Authors: Ren Dingkun , Scofield Adam C. , Farrell Alan C. , Rong Zixuan , Haddad Michael A. , Laghumavarapu Ramesh B. , Liang Baolai , Huffaker Diana L.
Published: April 2018

Simulated time-resolved photoluminescence curves and temporal carrier distributions for GaAs nanowires on Si substrates.
Radiation of the high-order plasmonic modes of large gold nanospheres excited by surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Chen Jing-Dong , Xiang Jin , Jiang Shuai , Dai Qiao-Feng , Tie Shao-Long , Lan Sheng
Published: April 2018

Large metallic nanoparticles with sizes comparable to the wavelength of light are expected to support high-order plasmon modes exhibiting resonances in the visible to near infrared spectral range.
Stereodivergent synthesis of 5-aminopipecolic acids and application in the preparation of a cyclic RGD peptidomimetic as a nanomolar αVβ3 integrin ligand
Authors: Sernissi Lorenzo , Ricci Luciano , Scarpi Dina , Bianchini Francesca , Arosio Daniela , Contini Alessandro , Occhiato Ernesto G.
Published: April 2018

A stereodivergent preparation of trans and cis-5-aminopipecolic acids (5-APAs) was developed to obtain constrained amino acids useful for peptidomimetics.
Homochiral metal–organic frameworks as heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Gheorghe Andreea , Tepaske Martijn A. , Tanase Stefania
Published: April 2018

Homochiral metal–organic frameworks (HMOFs) are attractive materials for asymmetric catalysis because they possess high surface area and uniform active sites.
Exploration of the two-step crystallization of organic micro/nano crystalline materials by fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Peng-Zhong , Niu Li-Ya , Zhang Han , Chen Yu-Zhe , Yang Qing-Zheng
Published: April 2018

A phase transition from amorphous nanospheres to crystalline nanorods was achieved and monitored in situ and in real-time by fluorescence spectroscopy.
Well-defined benzoxazine/triphenylamine-based hyperbranched polymers with controlled degree of branching
Authors: Lin Ruey-Chorng , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: April 2018

Different well-defined benzoxazine/triphenylamine based hyperbranched polymers with controlled degree of branching were prepared and discussed.
Accurate global potential energy surface for the ground state of CH2+ by extrapolation to the complete basis set limit
Authors: Guo Lu , Ma Hongyu , Zhang Lulu , Song Yuzhi , Li Yongqing
Published: April 2018

A full three-dimensional global potential energy surface is reported for the ground state of CH2+ by fitting accurate multireference configuration interaction energies calculated using aug-cc-pVQZ and aug-cc-pV5Z basis sets with extrapolation of the electron correlation energy to the complete basis set limit.
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide with a molecular polypyridyl nickel complex
Authors: Lieske Lauren E. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Machan Charles W.
Published: April 2018

The synthesis and reactivity of a molecular nickel(ii) complex 1 with the polypyridyl ligand framework N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine under electrochemically reducing conditions in the presence of CO2 is reported.
In-plane porous Co3O4 nanosheet assembled 3D hierarchical clusters grown on stainless steel mesh as binder-free anodes for high performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Xie Qinxing , Song Rui , Zhao Peng , Zhang Yufeng , Wu Shihua , Xie Dongliang
Published: April 2018

In-plane porous Co3O4 nanosheet assembled hierarchical clusters anchored on SSM were fabricated as high performance anodes for LIBs. The nanosheets are composed of primary nanoparticles and secondary nanorods.
Encapsulating ionic liquids into POM-based MOFs to improve their conductivity for superior lithium storage
Authors: Zhang Mi , Zhang A-Man , Wang Xiao-Xiao , Huang Qing , Zhu Xiaoshu , Wang Xiao-Li , Dong Long-Zhang , Li Shun-Li , Lan Ya-Qian
Published: April 2018

We encapsulate ionic liquids (ILs) into polyoxometalate-based metal–organic frameworks (POMOFs) to fabricate a series of ILs-functionalized POMOFs crystals (POMs-ILs@MOFs) and PMo10V2-ILs@MIL-100 crystals used as anode materials show high reversible capacity, superior cycling stability and rate capability.
Solid polymer electrolytes from a fluorinated copolymer bearing cyclic carbonate pendant groups
Authors: Boujioui Fadoi , Zhuge Flanco , Damerow Helen , Wehbi Mohammad , Améduri Bruno , Gohy Jean-François
Published: April 2018

Solid polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity have been prepared from a microphase separated fluorinated copolymer bearing cyclocarbonate side groups.
Functional aza-boron dipyrromethenes for subcellular imaging and organelle-specific photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wang Qiong , Ng Dennis K. P. , Lo Pui-Chi
Published: April 2018

A series of aza-BODIPY derivatives which can serve as specific fluorescent probes for the mitochondria and lysosomes of a range of cancer cell lines and photosensitisers acting specifically on these subcellular compartments are reported.
Chemical vapor deposition and phase stability of pyrite on SiO2
Authors: Mutlu Z. , Debnath B. , Su S. , Li C. , Ozkan M. , Bozhilov K. N. , Lake R. K. , Ozkan C. S.
Published: April 2018

Chemical vapor deposition and phase stability of pyrite crystals on SiO2at temperatures up to 600 °C have been studied.
Large-scale synthesis of 2D metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Yu Jing , Hu Xiaozong , Li Huiqiao , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou
Published: April 2018

In this review, we focus on the large-scale synthesis of 2DMDsviamechanical exfoliation, liquid phase method and CVD process.
A room-temperature near-infrared photodetector based on a MoS2/CdTe p–n heterojunction with a broadband response up to 1700 nm
Authors: Wang Yuange , Huang Xiaowen , Wu Di , Zhuo Ranran , Wu Enping , Jia Cheng , Shi Zhifeng , Xu Tingting , Tian Yongtao , Li Xinjian
Published: April 2018

High-performance room-temperature infrared photodetectors based on MoS2/CdTe p–n heterojunction with broadband response, high responsivity, specific detectivity as well as fast response speed were demonstrated.
S Coronae Australis: a T Tauri twin
Authors: Gahm G. F. , Petrov P. P. , Tambovsteva L. V. , Grinin V. P. , Stempels H. C. , Walter F. M.
Published: April 2018

Context. The star S CrA is a tight visual binary consisting of two classical T Tauri stars. Both components are outstanding regarding their spectral characteristics and brightness variations.

Aims. Our aim is to explore the extraordinary spectral features seen in these stars, derive stellar parameters, define spectral signatures of accreting gas and winds, estimate the inclinations of the disks, and to match numerical models with observed properties.

Methods. High-resolution spectra were collected of each component over several nights at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) combined with photometric observations covering several years in UBVRI with the SMARTS telescope. The models developed include magnetospheric accretion and a disk wind.

Results. Both stars undergo large variation in brightness, ≥2 mag in V band. The variations are caused mainly by variable foreground extinction from small-size dust grains, which may be carried along with the accreting gas. The photospheric absorption lines are washed out by superimposed continuous and line emission, and this veiling becomes occasionally exceptionally high. Nevertheless, we extracted the stellar spectra and found that both stars are very similar with regard to stellar parameters (Teff, log g, v sin i, mass, radius, luminosity). The rotational periods, inferred from velocity shifts in lines originating in surface areas off-set from the pole, are also similar. Combined with the v sin i:s related inclinations were obtained, which agree well with those derived from our model simulations of Balmer line profiles: ~65° for both stars. At this orientation the trajectories of infalling gas just above the stellar surfaces are parallel to the line-of-sight, and accordingly we observe extended red-shifted absorption components extending to +380 km s−1, the estimated free-fall velocity at the surface. Rates of accretion and mass loss were obtained from the models.

Conclusions. The two stars are remarkably similar, and S CrA can be regarded as a T Tauri twin. The components differ, however, in terms of degree of veiling and emission line profiles. We have found a good match between observed signatures of accreting gas, wind features, and rotational velocities with those resulting from our modelling for inclinations of ~65°. These inclinations differ from those derived from interferometric near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and possible causes for this puzzling discrepancy are discussed.
Impact of Glucose Metabolism Disorders on IGF-1 Levels in Patients with Acromegaly
Authors: Dogansen Sema , Yalin Gulsah , Tanrikulu Seher , Yarman Sema
Published: April 2018

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the presence of glucose metabolism abnormalities and their impact on IGF-1 levels in patients with acromegaly. Ninety-three patients with acromegaly (n=93; 52 males/41 females) were included in this study. Patients were separated into three groups such as; normal glucose tolerance (n=23, 25%), prediabetes (n=38, 41%), and diabetes mellitus (n=32, 34%). Insulin resistance was calculated with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). HOMA-IR > 2.5 or ≤2.5 were defined as insulin resistant or noninsulin resistant groups, respectively. Groups were compared in terms of factors that may be associated with glucose metabolism abnormalities. IGF-1% ULN (upper limit of normal)/GH ratios were used to evaluate the impact of glucose metabolism abnormalities on IGF-1 levels. Patients with diabetes mellitus were significantly older with an increased frequency of hypertension (p<0.001, p=0.01, respectively). IGF-1% ULN/GH ratio was significantly lower in prediabetes group than in normal glucose tolerance group (p=0.04). Similarly IGF-1% ULN/GH ratio was significantly lower in insulin resistant group than in noninsulin resistant group (p=0.04). Baseline and suppressed GH levels were significantly higher in insulin resistant group than in noninsulin resistant group (p=0.024, p<0.001, respectively). IGF-1% ULN/GH ratio is a useful marker indicating glucose metabolism disorders and IGF-1 levels might be inappropriately lower in acromegalic patients with insulin resistance or prediabetes. We suggest that IGF-1 levels should be re-evaluated after the improvement of insulin resistance or glycemic regulation for the successful management of patients with acromegaly.
Examining Workflow in a Pediatric Emergency Department to Develop a Clinical Decision Support for an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program
Authors: Ozkaynak Mustafa , Wu Danny , Hannah Katia , Dayan Peter , Mistry Rakesh
Published: April 2018

Background Clinical decision support (CDS) embedded into the electronic health record (EHR), is a potentially powerful tool for institution of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in emergency departments (EDs). However, design and implementation of CDS systems should be informed by the existing workflow to ensure its congruence with ED practice, which is characterized by erratic workflow, intermittent computer interactions, and variable timing of antibiotic prescription.

Objective This article aims to characterize ED workflow for four provider types, to guide future design and implementation of an ED-based ASP using the EHR.

Methods Workflow was systematically examined in a single, tertiary-care academic children's hospital ED. Clinicians with four roles (attending, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, resident) were observed over a 3-month period using a tablet computer-based data collection tool. Structural observations were recorded by investigators, and classified using a predetermined set of activities. Clinicians were queried regarding timing of diagnosis and disposition decision points.

Results A total of 23 providers were observed for 90 hours. Sixty-four different activities were captured for a total of 6,060 times. Among these activities, nine were conducted at different frequency or time allocation across four roles. Moreover, we identified differences in sequential patterns across roles. Decision points, whereby clinicians then proceeded with treatment, were identified 127 times. The most common decision points identified were: (1) after/during examining or talking to patient or relative; (2) after talking to a specialist; and (3) after diagnostic test/image was resulted and discussed with patient/family.

Conclusion The design and implementation of CDS for ASP should support clinicians in various provider roles, despite having different workflow patterns. The clinicians make their decisions about treatment at different points of overall care delivery practice; likewise, the CDS should also support decisions at different points of care.
Mögliche Einflussfaktoren für die postoperative Visusprognose bei retroiridaler Irisklauenlinsenimplantation
Authors: Schmidt Isabell , Langenbucher Achim , Eppig Timo , Seitz Berthold
Published: April 2018

Hintergrund und Fragestellung Lassen sich aus den präoperativen Befunden Einflussgrößen für den erreichbaren korrigierten postoperativen Visus (VA) sowie den Visusgewinn (ΔVA, prä- nach postoperativ) nach retroiridaler Verisyse-Implantation bestimmen?

Material und Methoden In die Studie wurden 19 Augen von 19 Patienten im Alter von 70 ± 17 Jahren aufgenommen, die sich einer retroiridalen Implantation einer Verisyse-Irisklauenlinse unterzogen hatten. Einschlusskriterien waren ein fehlender Kapselsacksupport sowie vollständige Daten des präoperativen und postoperativen korrigierten Visus, optische Biometrie sowie Begleiterkrankungen und Voroperationen. Anhand der gewonnenen Daten wurde jeweils ein verallgemeinertes lineares Modell definiert mit den abhängigen Größen postoperativer korrigierter Visus bzw. Visusgewinn. Als Faktoren wurden berücksichtigt: Pseudoexfoliationssyndrom, Trauma, Geschlecht, vorangegangene okuläre Eingriffe sowie als Kovariaten Augenlänge, mittlerer Hornhautbrechwert und -astigmatismus und der präoperative Visus.

Ergebnisse Der mittlere präoperative Visus betrug 0,72 ± 0,65 logMAR, der postoperative Visus lag bei 0,36 ± 0,39 logMAR und der Visusgewinn bei 0,36 ± 0,69 logMAR bzw. 4 Stufen. Die mittlere IOL-Brechkraft betrug 19,4 ± 4,9 dpt. Im verallgemeinerten linearen Modell ergab sich als signifikante Effektgröße für VA die Augenlänge (p = 0,001), für ΔVA waren der präoperative Visus (p < 0,001) sowie die Achslänge (p = 0,001) entscheidend.

Schlussfolgerung Für die erreichbare postoperative Sehschärfe bzw. den Sehschärfegewinn bei Implantation einer retroiridalen Irisklauenlinse zeigen sich die Achslänge sowie der präoperative Visus als signifikante Einflussgrößen. Augen mit schlechtem Ausgangsvisus und längere Achslängen erreichen den größeren Sehschärfegewinn.
Primary Localized Cutaneous Nodular Amyloidosis of the Cheeks
Authors: Jievaltaite V. , Stumbriene J. , Kucinskiene V. , Makstiene J. , Valiukeviciene S.
Published: April 2018

We report the rare case of a primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis (PLCNA), which clinically appeared as waxy, yellow-red infiltrated plaques with telangiectasia on the face of a 52-year-old woman. Diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry results. Histologically, diffuse amyloid tissue infiltration could be revealed. Amyloid stained positive for lambda, but negative for kappa light chain antibodies whereas no proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow was found.
Apparent isotropic electrical property for electrical brain stimulation (EBS) using magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (MR-DWI)
Authors: Lee Mun Bae , Kwon Oh-In
Published: April 2018

Electrical brain stimulation (EBS) is an invasive electrotherapy and technique used in brain neurological disorders through direct or indirect stimulation using a small electric current. EBS has relied on computational modeling to achieve optimal stimulation effects and investigate the internal activations. Magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is commonly useful for diagnosis and investigation of tissue functions in various organs. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measures the intensity of water diffusion within biological tissues using DWI. By measuring trace ADC and magnetic flux density induced by the EBS, we propose a method to extract electrical properties including the effective extracellular ion-concentration (EEIC) and the apparent isotropic conductivity without any auxiliary additional current injection. First, the internal current density due to EBS is recovered using the measured one component of magnetic flux density. We update the EEIC by introducing a repetitive scheme called the diffusion weighting J-substitution algorithm using the recovered current density and the trace ADC. To verify the proposed method, we study an anesthetized canine brain to visualize electrical properties including electrical current density, effective extracellular ion-concentration, and effective isotropic conductivity by applying electrical stimulation of the brain.
Toward a magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography in ultra-low field: A direct magnetic resonance imaging method by an external alternating current
Authors: Lee Seong-Joo , Shim Jeong Hyun , Yu Kwon Kyu , Hwang Seong-min , Oh Sangwon , Hilschenz Ingo , Kim Kiwoong
Published: April 2018

Measuring the electrical impedance of biological tissues in a low frequency range is challenging. Here, we have conducted a superconducting quantum interference device-based microtesla magnetic resonance (MR) imaging study. To obtain an MR image caused by an injected alternating current (ac), we utilized the direct resonance method in which the nuclear spins resonate with the ac magnetic field generated by the external ac current. This method requires an adiabatic pulse and non-adiabatic step-down pulse techniques. The experimental and simulation results agree well with each other and show the feasibility of low-frequency magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography in the kHz range.
Stress-dislocation interaction mechanism in low-temperature thermo-compression sintering of Ag NPs
Authors: Wang Fuliang , Tang Zikai , He Hu
Published: April 2018

The sintering of metal nanoparticles (NPs) has been widely studied in the field of nanotechnology, and low-temperature sintering has become the industry standard. In this study, a molecular dynamics (MD) model was established to study the sintering behaviour of silver NPs during low-temperature thermo-compression. Primarily, we studied the sintering process, in which the ratio of neck radius to particle radius (x/r) changes. Under a uniaxial pressure, the maximum ratio in the temperature range 420–425 K was 1. According to the change of x/r, the process can be broken down into three stages: the neck-formation stage, neck-growth stage, and neck-stability stage. In addition, the relationship between potential energy, internal stress, and dislocation density during sintering is discussed. The results showed that cycling internal stress played an important role in sintering. Under the uniaxial pressure, the stress-dislocation interaction was found to be the major mechanism for thermo-compression sintering because the plastic deformation product dislocation intensified the diffusion of atoms. Also, the displacement vector, the mean square displacement, and the changing crystal structure during sintering were studied.
Performance of Single Friction Pendulum bearing for isolated buildings subjected to seismic actions in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen N V , Hoang H P , Huong K T
Published: April 2018

Using structural control technology in earthquake resistant design of buildings in Vietnam is very limited. In this paper, a performance evaluation of using Single Friction Pendulum (SFP) bearing for seismically isolated buildings with earthquake conditions in Vietnam is presented. A two-dimensional (2-D) model of the 5-storey building subjected to earthquakes is analyzed in time domain. Accordingly, the model is analyzed for 2 cases: with and without SFP bearing. The ground acceleration data is selected and scaled to suit the design acceleration in Hanoi followed by the Standard TCVN 9386:2012. It is shown that the seismically isolated buildings gets the performance objectives while achieving an 91% reduction in the base shear, a significant decrease in the inter-story drift and absolute acceleration of each story.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 9 Jul 2020 to remove an author.
Promoting sustainable mobility by modelling bike sharing usage in Lyon
Authors: Tran T D , Ovtracht N
Published: April 2018

This paper aims to present a modelling of bike sharing demand at station level in the city of Lyon. Multiple linear regression models were used in order to predict the daily flows of each station. The data used in this project consists of over 6 million bike sharing trips recorded in 2011. The built environment variables used in the model are determined in a buffer zone of 300 meters around each bike sharing station. The results show that bike sharing is principally used for commuting purposes. An interesting finding is that the bike sharing network characteristics are important parameters to improve the prediction quality of the models. The present results could be useful for others cities which want to adopt a bike sharing system and also for a better planning and operation of existing systems. The approach in this paper can be useful for estimating car-sharing demand.
Polylogarithm for families of commutative group schemes
Authors: Huber Annette , Kings Guido
Published: April 2018

We generalize the definition of the polylogarithm classes to the case of commutative group schemes, both in the sheaf theoretic and the motivic setting. This generalizes and simplifies the existing cases.
Brands as Rivals: Consumer Pursuit of Distinctiveness and the Role of Brand Anthropomorphism
Authors: Puzakova Marina , Aggarwal Pankaj
Published: April 2018

Although past research has shown that anthropomorphism enhances consumers’ attraction to a brand when social-connectedness or effectance motives are active, the current research demonstrates that anthropomorphizing a brand becomes a detrimental marketing strategy when consumers’ distinctiveness motives are salient. Four studies show that anthropomorphizing a brand positioned to be distinctive diminishes consumers’ sense of agency in identity expression. As a result, when distinctiveness goals are salient, consumers are less likely to evaluate anthropomorphized (vs. nonanthropomorphized) brands favorably and are less likely to choose them to express distinctiveness. This negative effect of brand anthropomorphism, however, is contingent on the brand’s positioning strategy—brand-as-supporter (supporting consumers’ desires to be different) versus brand-as-agent (communicating unique brand features instead of focusing on consumers’ needs) versus brand-as-controller (limiting consumers’ freedom in expressing distinctiveness). Our results demonstrate that an anthropomorphized brand-as-supporter enhances consumers’ sense of agency in identity expression, compared to both an anthropomorphized brand-as-agent and an anthropomorphized brand-as-controller. In turn, enhancing or thwarting consumers’ sense of agency in expressing their differences from others drives the differential impact of anthropomorphizing a brand positioned to be distinctive.
Delayed Occipitocervical Instability With Cranial Settling After Far-Lateral Transcondylar Surgery for Invasive Skull Base Tumor
Authors: Mazur Marcus D , Dailey Andrew T , Shah Lubdha , Scoville Jonathan P , Couldwell William T
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Occipitocervical instability is a rare but potentially severe complication of a far-lateral transcondylar surgical approach to the skull base.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the incidence of clinically significant occipitocervical instability after transcondylar surgery via a far-lateral approach and to determine whether the extent of occipital condyle resection relative to the hypoglossal canal was associated with the development of occipitocervical instability.

METHODS

A retrospective review of patients undergoing far-lateral transcondylar surgery was performed at our institution to identify patients who developed postoperative occipitocervical instability.

RESULTS

Of the 61 far-lateral transcondylar operations performed, the authors identified 2 cases of delayed occipitocervical instability after surgery. In each case, the patient had tumor invading into the occipital condyle and supracondylar region and a resection extending anterior to the hypoglossal canal was performed. Both patients presented with pathological fractures and a severe occipitocervical deformity.

CONCLUSION

Patients who have tumor involvement of the occipital condyle and supracondylar region and undergo partial unilateral condylar resection are at risk for occipitocervical instability and should be considered for occipitocervical fusion.
Resection of Right Frontal Arteriovenous Malformation: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Couldwell William T
Published: April 2018

The video demonstrates resection of a Grade II Spetzler-Martin unruptured, medium-sized arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A young woman presented with headaches and seizures. The right frontal lesion measured 4.5 cm in largest dimension and had superficial venous drainage. Partial Onyx embolization, primarily of the anterior cerebral feeding arteries, was performed. Bone removal for exposure allowed identification of indentation from the large superficial draining vein. The video demonstrates careful microsurgical dissection on the AVM/brain interface, with selective interruption of feeding arteries circumferentially. The lesion was removed after ligation of the large superficial draining vein. Postoperative day 1 and 1-yr angiography demonstrated complete resection. The patient's symptoms abated after resection. This case is presented with a waiver of informed consent as per the Institutional Review Board.
A-102 Antibody binding to HIV-1 infected cells as mechanism for treatment of HIV infection
Authors: Ferrari Guido , Nordstrom Jeffrey , Koenig Scott , Sung Julia , Margolis David , Haynes Barton
Published: April 2018

Anti-HIV antibody function is not limited to capturing free virus but also includes the recognition of HIV-1 infected cells. Both neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibody responses recognizing HIV-1 envelope epitopes expressed on the cellular membrane can recruit Fc receptor-bearing cells and direct their cytotoxic activity against the infected cells. We can leverage on our ability to use monoclonal antibody and monoclonal antibody-based molecules to protect from and treat HIV-1 infection.
A-106 Eradication of HIV; molecular therapeutic paths to a functional cure
Authors: Morris Kevin
Published: April 2018

The eradication of functional replicative HIV is within our collective grasp. Several emerging modes of targeted therapeutics, ranging from chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell targeted killing of virus infected cells to targeted genomic editing and/or excision of latent provirus, may prove promising with regards to eradicating the spread of functional HIV. We have recently developed 2 distinct molecular approaches that may facilitate the eradication of HIV. The first approach is the systemic activation of HIV followed by a polyvalent “swarm” of HIV-gp120 bi-specific CAR CD4+/CD8+ T-cells. Systemic activation of latent HIV can occur by removing anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and/or by targeted activation of provirus. To activate provirus we developed a biologically deliverable recombinant zinc finger protein activator (ZFP-362-VPR), that functionally activates HIV in an LTR directed and specific manner. Notably, ZFP-362-VPR can be used in combination with a swarm of differentially HIV-gp120 targeted bi-specific CAR CD4+/CD8+ T-cells, to specifically kill virus infected cells. A second approach to eradicate HIV is the targeted genomic editing and/or excision of integrated virus. The approach we describe here builds on biologically deliverable recombinant protein technologies to direct the excision and/or targeted mutations to loci in the provirus, ultimately rendering the virus nonreplicative. Collectively, these emerging molecular therapeutic strategies juxtaposed with current antiretroviral therapy may one day result in the eradication of HIV.
A-109 Cytotoxic T lymphocytes shape the landscape of HIV-1 proviruses
Authors: Ho Ya-Chi
Published: April 2018

Despite antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 persists in memory CD4+ T cells creating a barrier to cure. The majority of HIV-1 proviruses are defective due to packaging signal deletions, APOBEC-mediated G-to-A hypermutations, large internal deletions, and point mutations. These defective proviruses are considered clinically irrelevant. Using cells from HIV-1-infected individuals and reconstructed patient-derived defective proviruses, we show that defective proviruses can be transcribed to RNAs that are spliced and translated into viral antigens. Proviruses with defective major splice donors (MSDs) can activate novel splice sites to produce HIV-1 transcripts. Cells with HIV-1 proviruses containing defective MSDs can be recognized by HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Surprisingly, cells with proviruses containing lethal mutations upstream of CTL epitopes can also be recognized by CTLs potentially through aberrant translation. Thus, expression of defective proviruses complicates the measurement of the latent reservoir. CTLs may change the landscape of HIV-1 proviruses by preferential targeting cells with specific types of defective proviruses. The scope of potential CTL targets may be bigger than the size of the latent reservoir.
P-C2 Protection against or delay of intrarectal SHIV acquisition by mucosal vaccines in the absence of Env-antibody responses
Authors: Sui Yongjun , Lewis George , Wang Yichuan , Frey Blake , Dzutsev Amiran , Vargas-Inchaustegui Diego , Mohanram Venkatramanan , Musich Thomas
Published: April 2018

To identify the protective mechanisms of an HIV mucosal vaccine similar to RV144, we carried out a pilot study in which we mucosally immunized rhesus macaques with HIV/SIV peptides, SIV-expressing MVA, and full-length single chain protein of HIV-gp120 fused to CD4. In the macaques that received this combination, 3/14 were sterilely protected after high-dose SHIVSF162P4 intrarectal challenge, compared to 0/29 controls (p = 0.03). We observed mucosal antigen-specific T cell responses, but not antibody responses. We then tested efficacy of this HIV mucosal vaccine against repeated low-dose intrarectal challenge with SHIVSF162P4. With 21 vaccinees and 7 controls, we achieved 44% vaccine efficacy (p = 0.028). Consistent with the pilot study, the vaccine did not induce Env-specific antibody responses in the plasma or rectal mucosa. It induced gag- and Env-specific T cells in colorectal mucosa/MLN, but the magnitude did not correlate with delay of viral acquisition. Interestingly, the vaccine led to accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the PBMCs and CD14+ monocytes in the colorectal intraepithelial compartment, which correlated with delay of viral acquisition. The vaccine also decreased rectal gp41 antibody, total rectal mucosal plasma cells, and gut microbiome richness. The bacterial PCA-1 correlated with number of exposures to achieve infection, suggesting gut microbiome's possibly influencing HIV susceptibility. Overall, the mucosal vaccine had different protective mechanisms from the RV144 trial. Thus, a vaccine inducing mucosal T cells without antibodies can protect against mucosal SHIV acquisition. Combination with a systemically-delivered antibody-inducing vaccine might improve protection.
P-D1 Differential pathogenesis of human metapneumovirus clinical isolates in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Zhang Yu , Tollefson Sharon , Xu Jiuyang , Williams John
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a member of the Pneumoviridae, formerly a subfamily of Paramyxoviridae. HMPV is a leading cause of lower respiratory infection in infants, children, and adults. The disease outcome of HMPV infection ranges from mild upper respiratory infection to severe pneumonia. Despite the clinical and economic burden, mechanisms of HMPV pathogenesis are not fully understood. In addition, no licensed vaccines or anti-viral drugs are available.

Results:

Most published HMPV studies use a few laboratory-adapted strains of the A2 lineage. Here, we tested eight HMPV clinical isolates from different genetic lineages in comparison to a laboratory reference strain in an established C57BL/6 mouse model. The clinical isolates induced variable disease severity. While mice infected by laboratory strain TN/94-49 (A2) did not lose weight, mice infected by clinical strains showed significant weight loss and greater lung histopathology. Several clinical isolates caused lethal disease, which is unusual in mouse models of HMPV. Viral replication in lungs was variable, but peak lung viral titer did not correlate with disease outcome. Higher proinflammatory cytokine production in mouse lungs was associated with more severe disease and death. Virulent clinical isolates of HMPV exhibited diminished innate immune responses and decreased antigen-presenting cells, suggesting active inhibition of innate immunity. The findings were confirmed in BALB/c and DBA/2 inbred mice.

Conclusion:

Our results indicate that severe disease caused by HMPV clinical isolates was due to exuberant immune response and immunopathology. These data suggest that distinct HMPV strains may engage host immune mediators differently.
C-103 Germline-targeting vaccine design for HIV
Authors: Schief William
Published: April 2018

Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV is a holy grail in the efforts to develop an HIV vaccine. The HIV envelope trimer, the target of both bnAbs and strain-specific neutralizing antibodies, is heavily glycosylated and has an antigenic surface that varies significantly among different HIV isolates. Therefore, vaccine elicitation of bnAbs using stable trimer immunogens that mimic native spikes presents major challenges. Potent HIV bnAbs are typically highly mutated and their germline-reverted forms typically show little or no reactivity to wild-type HIV antigens. Thus, key barriers to bnAb elicitation include activating bnAb precursor B cells and guiding bnAb maturation. With the ultimate aim of developing a vaccine that consistently induces potent bnAbs in humans, we are pursuing a strategy to develop germline-targeting priming immunogens to initiate bnAb development, following by structure-guided boost immunogens to shepherd B cell maturation to the development of bnAbs.
D-103 HIV Cure: Time to rethink the “Shock and Kill” strategy?
Authors: Mellors John
Published: April 2018

The favored initial approach by many to depleting HIV reservoirs and achieving an HIV cure was the “shock and kill” strategy, consisting of “shocking” proviruses out of latency and killing the cells with newly expressed viral antigens, either by direct viral-mediated cytotoxicity or immune-mediated clearance. However, in vitro models showed that proviral latency reversal alone did not result in death of infected cells (Shan, et al. Immunity 2012). Ex vivo experiments revealed that only a small fraction of proviruses (~1.5%) can be reactivated to produce virions with maximum CD4+T-cell activation, and that <<1% are reactivated with current, small molecule latency reversing agents (Cillo, et al. PNAS 2014). In addition, maximum CD4+T-cell activation can cause the expansion of clones carrying intact proviruses capable of sustained production of infectious virus (Bui, et al PLoS Pathogens 2017). With regard to immune-mediated killing of infected cells, increasing antibody-dependent effector functions including ADCC, ADCP, and ADCF is a popular approach, but a recent trial (ACTG A5342) of two doses (40 mg/kg) of the bnMAb VRC01 revealed that is had no effect on persistent viremia and did not decrease the number infected cells in blood or the subset expressing viral RNA. Although many more approaches to “shock and kill” are in development and being tested alone and in combination, these initial data summarized above suggest that the goal of reservoir depletion may be more difficult to achieve than anticipated because of barriers to latency reversal and resistance of infected cells to immune-mediated clearance.
D-110 Synergism between CRISPR/Cas9 and LASER ART leads to elimination of HIV-1 with no rebound in Humanized Mice
Authors: Gendelman Howard , Dash Prasanta , Edagwa Benson , Gorantla Santhi , Kaminski Ratal , Bella Ramona , Young Won-Bin , Khalili Kamel
Published: April 2018

Treatment with long acting slow effective release (LASER ART) rilpivirine, myristolyated dolutegravir, lamivudine and abacavir followed by CRISPR-Cas9 proviral DNA excision led to viral eradication in HIV-1 infected humanized mice. Ultrasensitive nested and digital droplet PCR and RNA scope assays failed to detect HIV-1 in blood, spleen, lung, kidney, liver, gut-associated lymphoid tissue and brain in twenty-nine percent of infected animals treated with the dual regimen. Excision of proviral DNA fragments spanning the LTRs and the Gag gene were identified without identifiable off target effects. The absence of viral rebound following cessation of ART with no progeny virus recovery served to verify HIV-1 eradication. In contrast, HIV-1 was readily detected in all infected animals treated with LASER ART or CRISPR-Cas9 alone. Thus, sequential application of LASER ART and CRISPR-Cas9 therapies administered to HIV-1 infected humanized mice provides the proof of concept that viral sterilization is possible.
E-103 Global health security–Why is it important?
Authors: Ijaz Kashef
Published: April 2018

Diseases know no boundaries; a health threat anywhere is a health threat everywhere. New viral and bacterial pathogens continue to emerge and in today's tightly connected world a disease can be transported from an isolated rural village to any major city in as little as 36 hours. The recent Ebola epidemic clearly demonstrated that at majority of the countries (at least 70%) are not prepared to respond to disease events. It also emphasized the overdue and urgent need to implement core capacities of WHO's International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005). This would help countries have the ability to prevent, detect and respond to infectious disease threats at source, which will not only reduce morbidity and mortality but also the economic impact for the developing countries as well as globally. At present, 65 countries have committed to implement the Global Health Security agenda that supports the implementation of IHR, 2005. Examples from its recent accomplishments and achievements have demonstrated the ability of countries to conduct timely disease surveillance and response to public health events.