bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of human breath: conceptual and mathematical statements
Authors: Трусов П.В. , Trusov P.V.
Published: April 2016

The article is devoted to the main aspects of the development of a mathematical model of the human respiratory system taking into account the effects
of environmental factors. The proposed model is a submodel of "meso-level" multilayered mathematical model of the evolution of functional disorders
of the human body. The conceptual and mathematical formulations of the problem are discussed. The breathing is considered as a set of synchronized
processes of gas dynamics, deformation of the porous medium and diffusion. The results of the calculation of the air flow characteristics during
quiet breathing and forced breath in the first four generations of large airways were obtained by using software ANSYS Fluent. Further development
of the model involves the joint problem solving of changes in lung configuration and in gasdynamic processes in the human airway.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF, KREATIF, EFEKTIF DAN MENYENANGKAN DI MI MITRA PGMI STAIN PONOROGO
Authors: Fu’adi Athok
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to describe the implementation of active learning, creative, effective and fun at MI Partners PGMI STAIN Ponorogo which include: 1) preparation PAKEM learning, 2) implementation PAKEM learning, 3) PAKEM learning assessment, and 4) factors inhibiting and supporting learning PAKEM. This research is a qualitative research subject was a teacher at MI Partners Ma'arif Polorejo and Setono. Research instrument is the researcher himself. Data were collected through interviews, observation, documentation. The validity of data obtained by performing triangulation and constant observation. Data analysis was performed since the data were collected using an interactive model that consists of three stages, namely data reduction, data entry, and conclusion. The results showed that the preparation of learning PAKEM, found some teachers had not made in accordance with the characteristics of RPP PAKEM, this is because the model was still hung up on previous learning. Implementation of the learning PAKEM already running but not fully performed by all classes, only a few classes. Implementation of assessment, and classroom-based assessment using 3 domains, cognitive, affective and psychomotor, but to apply all that trouble. Barriers and support in learning PAKEM, obstacle lies in the teachers themselves and infrastructure facilities in the form of instructional media, while support from all stakeholders.

Keywords: active, creative, and effective learning (PAKEM), Madrasah
KAJIAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN BACA TULIS AL QUR’AN DALAM PERSPEKTIF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Authors: Gafur Abd.
Published: April 2016

The study is intended to describe and analyze the learning method in reading and writing the Qur’an in the perspective of multiple intelligences theory. The study uses qualitative approach and is conducted through library research. Analysis process of the study follows the main steps such as: 1) collecting the references related to the learning method of reading and writing the Qur’an and multiple intelligences theory 2) reviewing the variety of the learning method in reading and writing the Qur’an 3) analyzing the learning method of reading and writing the Qur’an in the perspective of multiple intelligences 4) inferring the conclusion. The study gained some findings as follows: 1) the implementation of learning the Qur’an in the perspective of multiple intelligences proved that intelligence is already internalized into each variety of learning the Qur’an such as linguistic, mathematics, interpersonal, musical, spatial, kinesthetic, and intrapersonal intelligences 2) the study investigates three methods of learning the Qur’an such as Baghdadiyah, Qiroati, and Al-Barqy methods; and it can be inferred that Baghdadiyah method already implements the learning method of the Qur’an in line with the learning system and method of the Qur’an based on multiple intelligence, except naturalist intelligence. Al-Barqy method doesn't accommodate two aspects of intelligence: kinesthetic and naturalist intelligences. Whereas, Qiroati method only implements four aspects of intelligence such as linguistic, mathematics, spatial, and musical intelligences.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI SQ3R DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA KRITIS SASTRA (CERPEN) PADA SISWA MI KELAS LANJUT
Authors: Yaqin M. Zubad Nurul
Published: April 2016

Learning of reading literature (in this concerning short story) in formal education scope (as in Islamic elementary school, especially at advanced grade) wasn’t maximal yet. In objective condition, learning of reading short story at advanced grade, generally still definite in structure analyzing, didn’t administer in activities that able to train students in reading and appraising literature critically. Thus, learning activities by applying some strategy to achieve learning objectives need to do. Some strategy which can be used are SQ3R strategy.SQ3R strategy is one of strategy in learning of reading to help reader understand whole and detail about content of the text. By using SQ3R strategy, reader (students) will be faster to find mind idea in the text. Steps of SQ3R application are survey, question, read, recite, dan review. To achieve learning objectives maximally, that steps should be apllied systematically.
ESENSIALITAS HOME VISIT DALAM PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Yaqien Nurul
Published: April 2016

Each education institute has a great longing to be able to conduct all education programs thoroughly. The desire to do the whole brings in the school endeavor that is how to create favorable situation between schools and students’ participant.  The aim in doing close relationship between school and students’ participant is to give more comprehension for them in school life. Home visit is one of the school programs whose enormous effect in attempting school programs. It does not only overcome the students’ difficulty or achievement of learning but also has a function as offering school programs which is necessary participation or involvement of students’ participant and  people in the society to accomplish school programs well.
Keyword:  Home Visit, development, and Education
KETERAMPILAN MANAJERIAL KEPALA MADRASAH/SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU LULUSAN
Authors: Walid Muhammad
Published: April 2016

Managerial skill is an ability to perform a job base on a competence in which is done by objective and in collaboration with others. In education, leader’s skill of school as manager is an ability of school leader to do a tasks base on the ability competence in leading the objective through t he others. Whereas, the school leader who has the competence is getting of best of a work qualification that is agree with a work and in reality. The school leader who has a competence be able to do in his job effectively and efficiently. There are tree managerial skills those should be dominated by school leader: conceptual skill, technical skill, and skill for dealing with others.
Keyword: Manajerial Skill, Madrasah, Quality.
APLIKASI MODEL ROLE PLAYING SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMBELAJARAN NILAI DALAM PENDIDIKAN IPS SD/MI
Authors: Zuhriyah Indah Aminatuz
Published: April 2016

Value is a conviction or believes that become the basic for a person or a group of person to choose their action, or appraise something meaningful or something unmeaning for their live.  This interpretation means that value is a characteristic attributed to something related to subject (human as the provider of value). Social values in social science education in elementary school (SD/MI) can be applied trough role playing. Role playing is learning processes in which the students do something have done by other people. That other people maybe is a president, ministry, prominent figure of society, law official, teachers, the owner of other professions, officials, or even the ordinary people. The important thing from this learning process is that students try to think, feel the emotion, and act not as their own self but as others. By occupy and inspire the role, students are going to understand why such kind of action should be done, what kind of value underlying that consideration, and how the object people face that kind of situation.
 Keyword: value education, role playing, social science.
Evaluasi Sikap Dan Perilaku Siswa Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup Dan Pembangunan Berwawasan Lingkungan Di Madrasah
Authors: Wahyuningtiyas Neni
Published: April 2016

Environmental education is one effort to realize environmental sustainability for present until future. Explicitly, it shows that human effort to save
environmental must be done continuously, relay from one generation to the next generation. In fact, there is problem about behavior and attitude of student class XI at MA Nurul Ulum Munjungan Trenggalek towards environmental sustainability. Most of student have less concern towards
environmental sustainability, for examples throwing the rubbish everywhere, letting classroom dirty, plant that are not caring well, and excessive use of water. In order to describe the behavior and attitude of students towards
environmental and development based on environmental, evaluation about behavior and attitude of student is needed to be done actually and systematically.
Keywords: Evaluation, behavior, environmental behavior
Pengembangan Kurikulum Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Mubarak Ruma
Published: April 2016

Education is an effort to prepare students to be able live well in the society, able to develop and improve the quality of their own lives, and contribute signifiantly in developing and improving the quality of society and nation . There are six main problems in the national education system, (1) decline moral and character of students, (2) equitable distribution of
learning opportunities, (3) low internal effiiency of the education system, (4) institutional status, (5) management of education that is not in line with the national development, (6) resources are not professional. In this case, need for social change which gives the direction that education is a
basic approach in the change process. Education is life, therefore learning activities should be able to equip students with life skills (life competency) that appropriate with the environment and their lives.
Keywords: Curriculum Development , Elementary School
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Tematik Pada Materi Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) Di MI Hidayatul Islam Mentoro Tuban
Authors: Thoifah I'anatut
Published: April 2016

Learning is a process two-way communication, teaching performed by the teacher, as an educator the students learned performed by a student. It is a model that a many forms, between one to the other to have different characteristics. That can be appropriated with characteritics every student all that is already deeply affect the quality of learning process and the result of the students. This research is to fid out how the thematic and what steps the thematic on a learn in elementary school of MI Hidayatul Islam Mentoro. And this research is able to identify the effectiveness of thematic To get the data needed, researchers use some method is the observation, the
interview, documentation.While for the accumulated data processing using descriptive analysis by researchers.Research shows that models basically
thematic ‘ s learning Islamic Education (PAI) in elementary school of MI Hidayatul Islam Mentoro Tuban.
Key world: Effectivity, Learning, Thematic
Factibilidad de mezclas asfálticas de alto módulo con agregados del área de influencia de Tunja
Authors: Higuera Sandoval Carlos Hernando , Patarroyo Fonseca Anyi Milena , Vargas León Yeison Fabián
Published: April 2016

Se presentan los resultados del análisis de factibilidad de mezclas asfálticas de alto módulo (MAM) con agregados pétreos provenientes de dos canteras del área de influencia de Tunja y asfalto modificado con polímeros tipo V. Las metodologías de diseño empleadas para determinar la fórmula de trabajo fueron Marshall y Ramcodes; el módulo dinámico de las respectivas mezclas se determinó por medio del ensayo de tracción indirecta en el equipo Nottingham Asphalt Tester – NAT–. Los resultados mostraron que las mezclas diseñadas tienen altos valores de flujo, lo que indica que se deforman fácilmente, y presentan valores de estabilidad superiores a las mezclas asfálticas convencionales; en cuanto al módulo dinámico, ninguna mezcla supera los 10.000 MPa a 20 ºC que exigen las especificaciones del INVIAS y del IDU; sin embargo, tomando como referencia la temperatura media anual ponderada de Tunja (13 ºC), una de las mezclas alcanza 11.000 MPa.
Comportamiento hidrodinámico de un reactor electroquímico para recuperar residuos en la fabricación de películas semiconductoras
Authors: Echeverri Holguin Luis Adrián , Reyes Pineda Henry
Published: April 2016

En el laboratorio de optoelectrónica adscrito a la Universidad del Quindío se encuentra implementada la técnica Epitaxia en fase líquida, utilizada para elaborar películas semiconductoras de GaInAsSb, la cual genera, en promedio, un desecho de 1457 mg, constituido, en mayor proporción, por galio, indio y antimonio, que pueden ser recuperados por procesos electroquímicos. El propósito de este estudio fue reciclar y cristalizar estos metales puros a bajo costo, con cero productos de desechos metálicos en la fabricación de películas semiconductoras. Los estudios se llevaron a cabo en un reactor electroquímico de compartimentos separados, inyectando una solución trazadora de NaCl en el compartimento catódico, determinándose la conductividad a la entrada y a la salida del reactor, y describiendo con ello un modelo matemático del comportamiento hidrodinámico, mediante la distribución de tiempos de residencia (DTR), y así aplicarlo para la recuperación de estos metales, operando el equipo a intensidad constante (modo galvanostático) y a potencial constante (modo potenciostático).
Recubrimientos de aluminio-silicio realizados por deposición química de vapor en lecho fluidizado sobre el acero inoxidable AISI 316
Authors: Marulanda Arevalo José Luddey , Pérez Trujillo Francisco Javier , Remolina Millán Aduljay
Published: April 2016

Los recubrimientos de aluminio-silicio fueron depositados sobre el acero inoxidable AISI 316 mediante deposición química de vapor en lecho fluidizado (CVD-FBR), en el rango de temperaturas de 540 a 560 ºC, utilizando un lecho formado por 2,5 g de silicio y 7,5 g de aluminio en polvo, y 90 g de lecho inerte (Alúmina), el cual se hizo fluidizar con Ar. Como gases activadores se usó una mezcla de HCl/H2, en relaciones de 1/10 a 1/16. Además, se varió el tiempo de deposición de los recubrimientos de 45 minutos a 1.5 horas, con una relación en volumen de 50% de gases activos y 50% de gases neutros. Se realizó una simulación termodinámica con la ayuda del programa informático Thermocalc, para obtener información de la posible composición y cantidad de material depositado, para las condiciones seleccionadas. En los recubrimientos se encuentran FeAl2Si, Fe2Al5 y FeAl2. Los recubrimientos aluminio-silicio fueron tratados térmicamente, para mejorar sus propiedades mecánicas y su comportamiento frente a la oxidación, por la interdifusión de los elementos de aleación, ya que el tratamiento térmico hace que el aluminio difunda hacia el substrato, y el hierro difunda hacia la superficie del recubrimiento, logrando la transformación de los compuestos anteriores en FeAl, Al2FeSi, Cr3Si, AlCrFe y AlFeNi.
Evaluación del manejo de residuos sólidos en la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana seccional Bucaramanga
Authors: Castillo Meza Luis Eduardo , Luzardo Briceño Marianela
Published: April 2016

La evaluación del manejo de residuos sólidos en la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana seccional Bucaramanga se desarrolló en cuatro etapas: caracterización de los residuos sólidos que van a disposición final, cuantificación de residuos destinados a aprovechamiento, evaluación de otros factores asociados a la gestión de los residuos sólidos y el análisis estadístico de la información. Se encontró que el residuo más generado es comida y jardinería, con una participación del 37%, equivalente a 149 kg/día. Se identificaron buenas prácticas de aprovechamiento para papel, cartón, metales y comida compostable. Por otra parte, para el año 2012 se estableció una producción per cápita de 0,052 kg/persona.día. Para el análisis estadístico se hizo una descripción multivariante de la información y con ello se obtuvo un modelo que, además de cumplir con los supuestos estadísticos, explica el comportamiento del 85,9% de la información.
Comparación entre Oracle BPM y JBPM en la optimización de un proceso de admisiones
Authors: Camargo Cuervo Jorge Leonardo , Suaréz Mendoza Edgar Fernando , Ballesteros Ricaurte Javier Antonio
Published: April 2016

Se presenta el procedimiento seguido para evaluar y comparar dos suites en la Gestión por Procesos de Negocio: Oracle BPM y JBPM; procedimiento que se basó en la ponderación y gradación de las características Implementación, Integración, Desempeño, Escalabilidad y Documentación de cada suite en el caso de automatizar el proceso de Admisiones de la Oficina de Registro Académico de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, cuya complejidad y transversalidad a toda la universidad lo señalaron como el más apropiado para el proyecto. Para lograr el objetivo de este trabajo se utilizó la metodología SCRUM, que permite un desarrollo ágil y eficaz.
Underground coal gasification technology impact on coal reserves in Colombia
Authors: Rosso Murillo John William
Published: April 2016

In situ coal gasification technology (Underground Coal Gasification–UCG–) is an alternative to the traditional exploitation, due to it allows to reach the today’s inaccessible coal reserves’ recovery, to conventional mining technologies. In this article I answer the question on how the today’s reserves available volume, can be increased, given the possibility to exploit further and better the same resources. Mining is an important wealth resource in Colombia as a contributor to the national GDP. According with the Energy Ministry (Ministerio de Minas y Energía) [1] mining has been around 5% of total GDP in the last years. This is a significant fact due to the existence of a considerable volume of reserves not accounted for (proved reserves at year 2010 were 6.700 million of tons. Source: INGEOMINAS and UPME), and the coal future role’s prospect, in the world energy production.
Funcionalización electroquímica y tribológica de películas de quitosano en fosfato tricálcico depositados en acero 316L
Authors: Mina Escobar Alexis , Aperador Chaparro William Arnulfo , Caicedo Angulo Julio Cesar , Tirado Mejía Liliana Del Socorro , Aguilar Castro Yesid
Published: April 2016

Se depositaron recubrimientos de fosfato tricálcico-β/quitosano sobre sustratos de acero 316L vía electrodeposición, a una temperatura de 60 °C, aplicando una corriente de 260 mA. Con el fin de estudiar el efecto del contenido de quitosano en la velocidad de corrosión y la respuesta tribológica de los aceros recubiertos, se utilizaron seis concentraciones de quitosano en la mezcla acuosa. Los enlaces químicos presentes en las capas fueron estudiados mediante Espectroscopia de Infrarrojo con Transformada de Fourier (FTIR); la cristalinidad de los depósitos fue examinada mediante difracción de rayos-X (DRX); la resistencia a la corrosión del TCP-β/quitosano depositado sobre los aceros se estudió mediante Espectroscopia de Impedancia Electroquímica (EIS) y curvas anódicas Tafel, encontrándose una disminución del 54% en la velocidad de corrosión para la relación 50-50, con respecto a 100% TCP. La respuesta tribológica se analizó mediante pin-on-disc, evidenciando una reducción del 73% en el coeficiente de fricción con mayor concentración de quitosano.
Algoritmo PSO-Híbrido para solucionar el problema de ruteo de vehículos con entrega y recolección simultáneas
Authors: Lamos Diaz Henry , Galvan Nuñez Silvia Adriana , González Villamizar Ludy Juliana , Cruz Jimenez Camilo
Published: April 2016

Se presenta la metaheurística de Optimización de Enjambre de Partículas (PSO) para la solución del Problema de Ruteo de Vehículos con Entrega y Recolección Simultáneas (VRPSPD). Se aplica una representación de la solución y un método de decodificación para implementar el PSO al VRPSPD. El método de decodificación inicia transformando una partícula en una lista de prioridades de clientes para entrar a las rutas y en una matriz de prioridades de vehículos para servir cada cliente. Las rutas de los vehículos son construidas con base en la lista de prioridad de clientes y en la matriz de prioridad de vehículos. El algoritmo es validado usando 18 instancias disponibles en la literatura para problemas de 100, 200 y 400 clientes.
Sistema energéticamente eficiente y de bajo costo para controlar la temperatura y aumentar el oxígeno en estanques de cultivo de alevines de tilapia roja
Authors: Vásquez-Salazar Rubén Darío , Pupo-Urrutia Adrián Camilo , Jiménez-Aguas Humberto José
Published: April 2016

El artículo expone un sistema automático para controlar la temperatura y aumentar el oxígeno en estanques de cultivo de alevines de tilapia roja en la granja John Jairo González, del Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid. El control se realiza a través de un PLC que recibe dos señales de temperatura ubicadas en puntos diferentes del estanque, y una señal de un sensor de nivel. Ejecutando un algoritmo de control, activa o desactiva diferentes circuitos de agua fría, proveniente de la quebrada Guaracú, o caliente, a través de un proceso de bombeo de agua del estanque hacia los colectores solares, y regresándola al estanque, recirculación que se hace hasta obtener una temperatura de 29 °C, un poco por encima de la ideal de 28 °C. El sistema de control es validado comparando temperatura y oxígeno con un tanque sin control. 
Desarrollo de intermetálicos TiAl mediante técnicas pulvimetalúrgicas convencionales y de alta densificación
Authors: Amigó-Borrás Vicente , Amigó-Mata Angélica , Haro-Rodríguez Montserrat
Published: April 2016

Cada día hay más demanda de materiales que ofrezcan altas temperaturas de servicio y bajo peso; pero su fabricación es compleja y costosa, particularmente la de las superaleaciones de base cobalto y la de las aleaciones de titanio; dentro de estas últimas, los intermetálicos TiAl y Ti3Al son ampliamente reconocidos para satisfacer las necesidades actuales; sin embargo, la colada y forja de estos intermetálicos, que tienen una mejor resistencia frente a la oxidación a elevadas temperaturas, resulta muy compleja, y es por lo que, partiendo de polvo prealeado, se busca obtener productos prácticamente acabados con un coste razonable. El presente trabajo analiza la influencia de las variables de procesado de polvos intermetálicos Ti48Al2Cr2Nb, mediante técnicas pulvimetalúrgicas convencionales y Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), en su microestructura y en sus propiedades mecánicas. Se obtienen muestras a diferentes temperaturas de sinterización a partir de polvos obtenidos por atomización. La influencia en las propiedades mecánicas se observa mediante su microdureza y resistencia a la compresión, realizándose un seguimiento de la microestructura mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido.

Las condiciones de procesado muestran un gran efecto en la microestructura obtenida, fundamentalmente en la formación de la fase α2, que acompaña las propiedades mecánicas finales. Sin embargo, es con el proceso de máxima densificación donde se obtienen las propiedades
adecuadas, lo cual hace pensar que es una alternativa clara a los procesos actuales de colada y deformación plástica.
Caracterización de mezclas semidensas con agregados de la región de Tunja
Authors: Higuera Sandoval Carlos Hernando , Aranda-Lòpez Jeiny Elizabeth , Prieto-Hernández José Alberto
Published: April 2016

Esta investigación determinó la viabilidad de las Mezclas Semidensas en Caliente, o Gap Graded, para el uso en vías de tránsito medio, como una alternativa a la capa asfáltica y a la base asfáltica. Para elaborar las mezclas se utilizaron agregados de dos canteras de la Provincia Centro del departamento de Boyacá: la recebera Piedra Gorda y la cantera La Calera, junto con el ligante bituminoso de penetración 60/70, proveniente de IncoAsfaltos S.A., empresa localizada en Mosquera (Cundinamarca). El diseño de las mezclas se realizó por medio de las metodologías Marshall y Ramcodes. La determinación de los módulos dinámicos de las mezclas se llevó a cabo por medio del equipo Nottingham Asphalt Tester (NAT). Los resultados mostraron valores de módulos mayores para las mezclas realizadas con el agregado de Piedra Gorda. Se diseñó la estructura de pavimento con agregados de La Calera, por cumplir con todas las especificaciones.
Estudio del comportamiento de un Control MPC [Control Predictivo Basado en el Modelo] comparado con un Control PID en una Planta de Temperatura
Authors: Hernández-Arroyo Emil , Díaz-Rodríguez Jorge Luis , Pinzón-Ardila Omar
Published: April 2016

Presenta un estudio comparativo entre el Control Predictivo basado en el Modelo [MPC] y el control PID, en una planta piloto de temperatura. Se encontró que el control MPC presenta mejor comportamiento, con un tiempo de asentamiento de 1000 segundos y una sobre-elongación de 5 °C, y que el PID presenta un tiempo de asentamiento de 2000 segundos y una sobre-elongación de 40 °C. Simultáneamente, se presenta una forma alternativa para controlar y monitorear en tiempo real la variable temperatura; para ello se dispone de un computador de escritorio que utiliza el software MATLAB 7.1 y la herramienta Real-Time Windows Target.
Proceso de pruebas para pequeñas organizaciones desarrolladoras de software
Authors: Rojas-Montes Martha Lucía , Pino-Correa Francisco José , Martínez James Mauricio
Published: April 2016

Definir un proceso de pruebas dentro de una organización puede ser valioso en la medida en que permita: (i) incrementar la calidad del producto, (ii) facilitar la comunicación y la comprensión entre los miembros del equipo, (iii) apoyar la mejora continua del proceso, y (iv) soportar la ejecución automática de ciertas tareas. En este sentido, este artículo propone un proceso liviano definido para guiar y apoyar la realización de las pruebas en pequeñas organizaciones desarrolladoras de software. El proceso propuesto incorpora técnicas de pruebas funcionales con el objetivo de concretar las actividades requeridas para evaluar la funcionalidad de un producto software de manera organizada y sistemática, especialmente aquellas que tienen que ver con el diseño y ejecución de las pruebas. Este proceso ha sido definido a partir del análisis de los procesos de pruebas existentes en algunos modelos de referencia y en diferentes estudios revisados de la literatura. Tras su ejecución exitosa en una pequeña empresa de desarrollo software, se ha observado que este proceso puede ser útil y práctico para llevar a cabo las pruebas de un producto software por organizaciones de este tipo.
La ingenieria y las ciencias naturales
Authors: Cárdenas-Guevara Daniel Humberto
Published: April 2016

Editorial - La ingenieria y las ciencias naturales
Efecto de las impurezas en las propiedades físicoquímicas de una solución de lixiviación de minerales de cobre
Authors: Navarro Patricio , Vargas Cristián , Ramírez Carlos
Published: April 2016

Se cuantificaron y analizaron las propiedades físicas y químicas de una solución de lixiviación de minerales de cobre con una elevada concentración de cloro, aluminio y magnesio. Las propiedades analizadas fueron densidad, viscosidad y oxígeno disuelto. También se evaluó el efecto de la viscosidad sobre el tiempo de separación de fases en extracción por solvente. Las concentraciones utilizadas de cloro fueron 20, 30 y 50 g/L, las de aluminio, 7, 15 y 23 g/L, y las de magnesio, de 6, 14 y 22 g/L. Las temperaturas ensayadas fueron 25, 35 y 45 °C. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la presencia de impurezas produce un importante impacto en la viscosidad de la solución y solamente pequeños cambios en la densidad. El elemento que menos impacta en estas propiedades es el cloro, seguido del magnesio, y el que produjo mayor cambio fue el aluminio. El aumento de temperatura reduce el impacto de estos elementos. La presencia de impurezas disminuye la concentración de oxígeno disuelto. En extracción por solventes, un aumento en la viscosidad provoca tiempos más prolongados en la separación de fases.
Simulación de una red Grid con máquinas virtuales para crear un entorno de aprendizaje de la computación de alto desempeño
Authors: Millán-Rojas Edwin Eduardo , Gallego-Torres Adriana Patricia , Chico-Vargas Diana Carolina
Published: April 2016

Presenta una metodología de construcción de una plataforma para simular una red Grid con máquinas virtuales, con el objetivo de crear entornos virtuales que contribuyan a los procesos de aprendizaje. El diseño utilizado para el desarrollo está basado en un prototipo que contribuye a generar un entorno de simulación de bajo costo a través de la computación de alto desempeño. Como resultado de la investigación se obtuvo un conjunto de máquinas virtuales que pueden ser desplegadas en cualquier equipo de cómputo para simular un entorno Grid, además, se presenta la forma de la configuración de esta red para ser parte integral de la construcción y ejecución de la plataforma como instrumento válido para la enseñanza de la computación de alto desempeño a un bajo coste de hardware y la simulación de los servicios Grid sobre la plataforma.
A DEIXIS SZEREPE A TÉR- ÉS IDŐVISZONYOK ÁBRÁZOLÁSÁBAN
Authors: UJVÁRI TÓTH ANITA
Published: April 2016

A dolgozat a drámai dialógusokban fellelhető deixisekkel foglalkozik, ezen belül is a tér- és az idődeixissel. Azt vizsgálja, hogy a deixis mint mikroszintű elem hogyan hat a szöveg makroszintjén. A tér- és az időviszonyok bemutatására törekszik. Az elemzések pedig a tér- és időviszonyok deixissel való kapcsolatát mutatják be. A példák a 2010 és 2014 között íródott Vajdasági Magyar Drámaíró verseny győztes drámáiból származnak.
ROSSZ KÖLTŐK TÁRSASÁGA Az epigonizmus és dilettantizmus természetrajza a 19. századi magyar irodalomkritikai gondolkodásban
Authors: HÁSZ-FEHÉR KATALIN
Published: April 2016

Terjedelmi okokból csupán első harmada jelenik itt meg egy nagyobb kritikatör- téneti dolgozatnak, mely a 18. század közepétől a 20. század elejéig járja körül azt a kérdést, hogy az európai és a magyar irodalomban mely korszakban mit tekin- tettek rossz költészetnek. Míg Horatiustól kezdve Winckelmannon és Wielandon át, a 18. század végéig a nagy mestereket és poétikai szabályokat csupán külsősé- gekben követő, ún. „szolgai utánzók” költészetét értékelték le, a 19. század elejétől, az Edward Young által kidolgozott eredetiségprogram jegyében már lényegében mindenfajta szövegkapcsolódás utánzásnak, s ily módon rossz költészetnek bizo- nyult. Az 1830-as években, az eredetiségfogalom vulgarizálódásával egyidőben terjedt el az utánzó költőkre alkalmazott epigon jelző. Az 1850-es évek végén Arany János az ars poeticaként is értelmezhető Zrínyi és Tasso című tanulmányában dolgoz- ta ki a modern értelemben vett szövegkapcsolatok elméletét, melynek alapján az eredetiség és utánzás kérdése irrelevánsnak bizonyult. Ekkor újult meg az a kérdés, melyet a 18. század végén Goethe és Schiller vázlatban dolgozott ki: amennyiben vannak utánzó, de jó, és eredeti, de rossz költők, akkor melyek a rossz költészet poétikai ismérvei. A másodvonalbeli költők szövegeiből Arany János és Erdélyi János a magyar irodalomban szinte egyedülálló módon hozta létre a rossz költészet eszköztárának, hibáinak katalógusát. A Goethe és Schiller által bevezetett dilettáns- fogalom az 1860-as évektől a századfordulóig fokozatosan, több szakaszban terjedt el, és kezdte jelölni a hivatásos, de nem elsőrangú művészt.
ANALISIS RAPD KECIPIR POLONG PANJANG Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC HASIL MUTASI IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA
Authors: Maesaroh Arini , Amurwanto Adi , Yuniaty Alice
Published: April 2016

Winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC] is a tropical plant that has some benefits and is very suitable to be cultivated in Indonesia. Study about diversity of winged bean is very important to support the future development of winged bean. Increased genetic diversity can be done through mutation. Gamma ray is often used for inducting mutations. One of way to observe genetic diversity resulted by molecular mutation is using RAPD method. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic diversity of winged bean resulted by gamma ray irradiation. The method used in this study was an experiment by using RAPD technique. Samples used were plant leaves that had been induced by gamma ray with a wavelength of 20 Gy, 25 Gy, and control plants that were not induced by gamma ray. RAPD were done by ten primers that were OPA 9, OPA 10, OPA 13, OPA 18, OPB 2, 3 OPB, OPB 6, 7 OPB, OPB 10, and OPB 11. Data were analyzed using GenAlex 6.1 Program. The percentage of polymorphic loci of winged bean population control was 47,54%, while in the 20 and 25 Gy treatment were 62,30% and 54,10%, respectively. The values of genetic variation based on the calculation of allele frequencies were 0,236; 0,202 and 0,194 for treatment of 20 Gy, 25 Gy and for control plants, respectively. Meanwhile, the value of genetic distance ranged from 0.08 to 0.32.
Factors Influencing On Performance Of Central Bank Of India With Special Reference To Udaipur Zone
Authors: Dave Dr. Krishna Kant , Shakdwipee Pallavi
Published: April 2016

The ultimate goal of any organization is earning profit and along this grows day by day. For growing pint of view, any organization is only able to develop when its customers are satisfied. Customer satisfaction is important part of performance. Performance is nothing else but as a resultant of customer satisfaction. Performance measurement can be understand as the process of collecting, analyzing and reporting information regarding the performance of an individual, organization, groups, system etc. it can involve studying process or phenomena to see whether output are in accordance with what was intended or should have been achieved. Performance measurement estimates the parameter under which programs and other investments are reaching the targeted results. In this paper we tried to find out the performance measurement of all branches of Central bank of India with special reference to Udaipur district. Central bank of India is one of the oldest nationalized banks in India, we tried to find out customer's attitude towards bank's overall services. Based on the results of the research, the results may be useful for managerial implication and directions for future researches
Advanced Control Technologies for 5-Axis Machining
Authors: Sudo Masako ,   Software Research Joint Division, FANUC LTD.
Published: April 2016

Demand for 5-axis machine tools has grown rapidly with the appearance of high-performance machines and growing requirements for high-efficiency to enhance competitiveness. To meet market needs, FANUC provides innovative CNCs, including the FS30i-A and FS31i-A5, that control up to 24 axes simultaneously with maximum paths of 10 enabling high-speed and high-precision multiple-axis and path control. FANUC's wide-ranging functions developed for powerful 5-axis machining include tool center point control and tilted working plane command, which enable high-precision complex shape machining minimizing changeover. Nano smoothing, interpolation for generating smooth curves on a nanometer scale, enables high-quality workpiece machining. 3D interference checking enhances the safety of machines whose motion has become increasingly complex. Operability has also been improved to facilitate programming and simulation for 5-axis machining. This report presents the latest control technologies maximizing 5-axis machine tool performance.
Virtual Optimization of Machine Tools and Production Processes
Authors: Bretschneider Jochen ,   Siemens AG, A&D MC MT P, Menzel Thomas
Published: April 2016

Faster development of innovative machine tools, shorter processing times, improved surface quality of workpieces, higher machine productivity – these are just a few of the wishes and demands of machine manufacturers and end-users. Time-to-market is decisive; in some industries, six months too late on the market can already be decisive in losing the race for market leadership. The key to success lies in virtual techniques. These are an extremely cost-effective way to increase productivity in all phases of the machine tools life cycle. Siemens AG, the leading provider for control and drive technology, sees itself as a partner for the whole machine tool industry and offers four phases of simulation support which cover the entire life cycle of a machine: Mechatronic Support for simulation for machine development, Machine Simulator for supporting commissioning, Virtual Production for the optimization of production and, finally, Virtual NC Kernel (VNCK) for the testing of NC part programs at the end-user.
Special Issue on Precise Positioning
Authors: Noritsugu Toshiro
Published: April 2016

Precise positioning is a basic, essential technology in a wide variety of automation considerations. It has recently been extended to micron and nanometer positioning including basic components such as mechanical elements, mechanisms, actuators, and controllers. Improving positioning accuracy requires advances in individual components, behind which there has been conducted much research and development.

This special issue focuses on actuator, control technology, and mechanical elements and mechanisms. Constructing precise positioning involves conventional electrical, hydraulic, and pneumatic actuators. A piezoelectric actuator is useful for micron and nanometer positioning. An appropriate mechanism is required to transmit power from the actuator to the object being positioned. An effective control scheme must also be introduced into system with available sensors.

In this regard, this issue includes advanced papers representative of individual fields that should prove interesting, stimulating, and of great practical use to both general readers and specialists.

We thank the authors for their many interesting papers contributed to this issue.
Displacement Monitoring of Stacked Piezoelectric Actuator by Observing Induced Charge
Authors: Furutani Katsushi ,   Toyota Technological Institute, 12-1 Hisakata 2-chome, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan, Ohta Noriyuki
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with condition monitoring of a piezoelectric actuator using induced charge for precision positioning. When conductive plates are attached on each end of the piezoelectric actuator to which voltage is applied, charges induced in plates are proportional to internal charge, which indicates piezoelectric actuator displacement. The induced charge indicates piezoelectric actuator deformation. Because the relationship between deformation and induced charge has low hysteresis, displacement is measured by observing the induced charge, possible at high driving frequency because the piezoelectric actuator is driven with a voltage source with a low output impedance. The induced charge corresponds to the internal charge and displacement in experiments. A static load to the piezoelectric actuator is also detected.
Development of Multi-Axis Cutting Method Using Non-Rotational Tool with Ultrasonic Vibration
Authors: Yoshimaru Masafumi ,   Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyusyu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan, Fujita Yasuhiro , Ito Tetsufumi , Kouya Masahide , Suzuki Hiroshi ,   Corporate R&D Center, YASKAWA Electric Corporation,   Manufacturing Technology Institute Inc.,   Fukuoka Prefectural Government,   Kyusyu Institute of Technology
Published: April 2016

In recent years, rotary tools such as ball and flat end mills are widely used to produce dies and parts. Machining using rotary tools shortens cutting time, raising efficiency and discharging cutting chips cleanly, but leaves the machined face rough due to arc-shaped rotation marks. The radius of rotation for the location of the cutting edge from the tool's center axis is non-consistent, varying tool edge cutting speed and direction, making it difficult to leave surface roughness uniform. Removing unfinished areas and reducing final machined face surface roughness to the submicron level thus requires secondary finishing, which conventionally relies on hand polishing by a skilled worker. We developed extremely small cut-in machining using a non-rotational tool to establish final die machine finishing. We discuss machining tests with ultrasonic vibration added to machine prehardened steel, used mainly as a die material, to a mirror finish using a nonrotational diamond tool, and evaluate its usefulness.
Development of a Sand Mold Press Casting Process: “Post-Filled Formed Casting Process”
Authors: Hashimoto Kunihiro ,   Sintokogio, Ltd., 3-1 Honohara, Toyokawa, Aichi 442-8505, Japan, Ota Kazuhiro , Iwasaki Junichi , Hagata Yutaka , Suzuki Yuji , Terashima Kazuhiko ,   AISIN Takaoka Co., Ltd., 1 Tennoh, Takaokashinmachi, Toyota, Aichi, Japan,   Dept. of Production Systems Engineering, Toyohashi Univ. of Technology
Published: April 2016

This paper presents the development of a sand mold press casting process called the “Post-Filled Formed Casting Process.” In this process, molten metal is directly poured into the lower mold; the upper mold then falls down on the lower mold, and both molds are then matched. This method does not use a sprue cup and runner. Therefore, both the quantity of scrap and energy consumption are enormously reduced. This means that the sand mold press casting process is an eco-friendly casting process resulting in a large reduction of CO2 gas. During the last few years, the author's group has been devoted to developing this method as a national project. Mold design for casting, pouring control, and velocity control of the press have been identified as key factors in manufacturing sound products. In this paper, we provide an overview of this novel casting method and present the fundamental results obtained.
Optimum Velocity Control of Die Casting Plunger Accounting for Air Entrapment and Shutting
Authors: Yano Ken'ichi ,   Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan, Hiramitsu Kotaro , Kuriyama Yoshifumi , Nishido Seishi ,   AISIN TAKAOKA CO., LTD., 1 Tennoh, Takaokashinmachi, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
Published: April 2016

Die casting in mass production has the advantage of producing complex shapes precisely, but the disadvantage of air entrapment in high-speed injection molding. Plunger velocity control very effectively avoids air entrapment. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), we analyzed fluid behavior, the amount of air trapped, and air shutting caused by die casting plunger movement. We calculated optimum die casting plunger velocity control input to reduce or prevent air entrapment and air shutting in die casting products. We also conducted optimization using a genetic algorithm incorporating a CFD simulator.
Realization of Pressfitting by Impact Manipulation Using an Under-Actuated Manipulator
Authors: Shindo Shinichiro ,   University of Tsukuba, Tomita Shingo , Aiyama Yasumichi
Published: April 2016

Impact manipulation instantaneously generates a large force making it effective for pressfitting. We model pressfitting and analyze it for realization by a robot manipulator, analyzing the relationship between hit speed and pressfitting depth to determine the hit speed required for different pressfitting depths. We use an under-actuated manipulator for hitting the “sweet spot” of the end effector, introducing a simple genetic algorithm to plan manipulator movement to generate the desired hit speed. Results of experiments on pressfitting for driving an under-actuated manipulator verified the feasibility of our proposal.
Special Issue on Gear Components and Actuators
Authors: Kojima Hiroyuki
Published: April 2016

Components such as gears, bearings, and shafts are essential to effective automation, ensuring reliable, cost-effective design. Actuators such as DC, AC, and stepping motors are equally important to automation. Studies in mechatronics make equal use of both gears and actuators in the practical construction of automated equipment. This special issue on gears and actuators looks at studies on load bearing capacity in mechanical system design, including micropitting generation and high-speed finishing of hard gear teeth for garnering insights into mechanisms behind successful automation. It also monitors the study of trajectory planning and motion control of robots using ball screws, worm gears, stepping motors, and AC motors. Our deep appreciation goes to the authors for their informative and interesting papers and to the editors for their generous time and effort in making this special issue possible.
Grasp Transfer Control Using Cartesian Coordinate Two-Link Robot Arm with Prototype Robot Hand Consisting of Stepping Motors, Gears and Plate Springs
Authors: Han Ping ,   Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kojima Hiroyuki , Huang Lingfang , Meruadi Saputra ,   Otsuka Koki Corporation
Published: April 2016

In this study, the grasp transfer control system by a Cartesian coordinate two-link robot arm with a prototype robot hand is presented. The prototype robot hand consists of permanent-magnet-type stepping motors, gears and plate springs. The grasp force control of the robot hand is performed by a feedforward control of the stepping motors based on the dimension of a grasped object. The Cartesian coordinate two-link robot arm consists of ball screws and hybrid stepping motors. Then the numerical simulations and experiments of the grasp transfer control have been carried out, and it is confirmed that the grasp transfer control could be successfully performed, and the grasp force could be accurately controlled among the motion control of the Cartesian coordinate two-link robot arm.
Navigation Using a Laser for a Mobile Robot with a Optical Sensor Array
Authors: Hara Keigo ,   Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Maeyama Shoichi , Gofuku Akio
Published: April 2016

Mobile robot navigation using one laser source consists of a laser on the ceiling and a mobile robot. Users make a map showing the robot's travel path. Based on the map information, the laser spot is automatically irradiated on the floor by laser robot. Then, the mobile robot detects the laser spot by optical sensor array and follows the trajectory of the laser spot. The optical sensor array we developed is composed of the phototransistors arranged in a matrix and it has 96 mm × 96 mm detecting area. Optical sensor array output consisting of digital signals is acquired in real time without image processing. Digital output simplifies the control circuit. We confirmed the feasibility of our proposed system through basic navigation experiments and found that one laser source was sufficient to navigate the robot.
Special Issue on Dies and Molds
Authors: Morishige Koichi ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems, The University of Electro-Communications
Published: April 2016

Mass-produced items such as cars, consumer electronics, electronic parts, precision instruments, office supplies, daily necessities, toys, etc., are invariably connected to dies and molds, basic manufacturing technology whose quality determines product quality. Die and mold production is difficult due to the complexity of structures and the requirement for high precision. Advances in both processing and elemental technology such as machine tool and CAD/CAM software determine the results of die and mold acceptability and the level of productive techniques in the country of manufacture. This special issue focuses on die and mold manufacturing technology. Among the many interesting papers are those on rapid prototyping, end mill machining, electric discharge machining, machine tools, press working, and CAD/CAM. We are certain that you will find this issue both interesting and informative. We thank the authors for their generous cooperation and the editing staff for their many contributions.