bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Populism in youth: Do experiences in school matter?
Authors: Noack Peter , Eckstein Katharina
Published: May 2023

Many view populist tendencies among youth with concern because adolescence is a formative period for political development. Of the many factors that shape young people's populist attitudes, experiences in school deserve attention since young people spend time in educational settings and schools share the goal of educating students to become informed and responsible citizens. However, the school context offers a wide variety of experiences, ranging from formal curricular to informal (climatic or participatory) characteristics. While empirical findings indicate that experiences in school affect the extent to which young people lean toward populism, results are not always clear and point to considerable gaps in the literature. Consequently, in this article, we discuss practical implications of studies on this topic and outline directions for research.
Belief it or not: How children construct a theory of mind
Authors: Ruffman Ted
Published: May 2023

In this article, I briefly review theories about the development of theory of mind, and then examine evidence for minimalism, the idea that infants initially understand only behaviors. To this end, I consider the need for a wide variety of species to predict the behaviors of other animals and that human infants are not unique in this regard. I also discuss evidence for infants' understanding of behaviors, including their good statistical learning skills and their rich exposure to patterns of behavior, which correlates with their acquisition of mental state vocabulary. Finally, I discuss evidence for how maternal mental state talk, as well as children's evolving language and understanding of self, contributes to learning that mental states underlie behaviors.
It's about Time: Analytical Time Periodization
Authors: Andrienko Natalia , Andrienko Gennady
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a novel approach to the problem of time periodization, which involves dividing the time span of a complex dynamic phenomenon into periods that enclose different relatively stable states or development trends. The challenge lies in finding such a division of the time that takes into account diverse behaviours of multiple components of the phenomenon while being simple and easy to interpret. Despite the importance of this problem, it has not received sufficient attention in the fields of visual analytics and data science. We use a real‐world example from aviation and an additional usage scenario on analysing mobility trends during the COVID‐19 pandemic to develop and test an analytical workflow that combines computational and interactive visual techniques. We highlight the differences between the two cases and show how they affect the use of different techniques. Through our investigation of possible variations in the time periodization problem, we discuss the potential of our approach to be used in various applications. Our contributions include defining and investigating an earlier neglected problem type, developing a practical and reproducible approach to solving problems of this type, and uncovering potential for formalization and development of computational methods.
Understanding youth drinking decline: Similarity and change in the function and social meaning of alcohol use (and non‐use) in adolescent cohorts 20 years apart
Authors: Ball Jude , Pettie Michaela A. , Poasa Loleseti , Abel Gillian
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Qualitative research aimed at understanding the decline in youth drinking has so far been hampered by a lack of baseline data for comparison. This New Zealand study overcomes this limitation by comparing archival qualitative data collected at the height of youth drinking (1999–2001) with contemporary data collected for this study (June–October 2022). The aim is to explore changes in the function and social meaning of alcohol use (and non‐use) for two cohorts about 20 years apart.

Methods

Both archival and contemporary data were collected from 14 to 17 year old secondary school students (years 10–12) through individual and small‐group/pair interviews in matched suburban co‐ed schools. Interviews explored friendships, lifestyles, romantic relationships and experiences and perceptions of substance use and non‐use.

Results and Discussion

Comparative analysis highlighted changes that may help to explain the decline in youth drinking, including an increased value placed on personal choice and acceptance of diversity; decreased face‐to‐face socialising and the emergence of social media as a central feature of adolescent social life, perhaps displacing key functions of drinking and partying; increased pervasiveness of risk discourses and increased awareness of health and social risks of alcohol; and increased framing of alcohol use as a coping mechanism by both drinkers and non‐drinkers.

Conclusions

Collectively, these changes appear to have shifted the social position of drinking from an almost compulsory component of adolescent social life in 1999–2001, to an optional activity that many contemporary adolescents perceive to have high risks and few benefits.
Cytotoxicity and exhaustion markers of chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting BCMA in multiple myeloma cell lines between patients and healthy donors
Authors: Prasongtanakij Somsak , Preedagasamzin Sarinthip , Jittorntrum Bunyada , Anurathapan Usanarat , Puavilai Teeraya , Niparuck Pimjai , Chantrathammachart Pichika , Piyajaroenkij Thanakrit , Uaesoontrachoon Kitipong , Uchibori Ryosuke , Ozawa Keiya , Ohmine Ken , Hongeng Suradej
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for 10% of hematologic malignancies. However, most of the patients suffered from relapsed/refractory disease. We would like to expand CAR T cell therapy to treat MM using our current platform.

Methods

BCMA CAR T lymphocytes were generated for volunteers or MM patients. The transduction efficiency was detected by the ddPCR technique. Immunophenotyping and exhaustion markers were monitored by flow cytometry. The efficacy of BCMA CAR T cells was tested using coculturing with BCMA CAR or mock, and the positive and negative targets, K562/hBCMA‐ECTM and K562, respectively.

Results

BCMA CAR T cells were generated from consented volunteers or MM patients and could be detected CAR BCMA expression at a mean of 4.07 ± 1.95 or 4.65 ± 1.21 copies/cell, respectively. Those modified T cells were primarily effector memory T cells. Our BCMA CAR T cells could explicitly eradicate the K562/hBCMA‐ECTM cell line while the K562 cell line survived. Interestingly, the BCMA CAR, mock T cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MM patients expressed similar levels of the exhaustion makers, TIM‐3, LAG‐3, and PD1.

Conclusions

Our BCMA CAR T cells, mainly effector/effector memory, could eliminate BCMA‐expressing cells in vitro and had similar levels of exhaustion markers among different populations.
The role of lysosomal membrane proteins in autophagy and related diseases
Authors: Xu Jiahao , Gu Jing , Pei Wenjun , Zhang Yao , Wang Lizhuo , Gao Jialin
Published: May 2023

As a self‐degrading and highly conserved survival mechanism, autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cell survival and recycling. The discovery of autophagy‐related (ATG) genes has revolutionized our understanding of autophagy. Lysosomal membrane proteins (LMPs) are important executors of lysosomal function, and increasing evidence has demonstrated their role in the induction and regulation of autophagy. In addition, the functional dysregulation of the process mediated by LMPs at all stages of autophagy is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Here, we review the role of LMPs in autophagy, focusing on their roles in vesicle nucleation, vesicle elongation and completion, the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, and degradation, as well as their broad association with related diseases.
VHCF ultrasonic tests on EN AW‐6082 aluminum alloy samples over a wide dimensional range
Authors: Montagnoli Francesco , Invernizzi Stefano , Carpinteri Alberto
Published: May 2023

In the present paper, a very high cycle fatigue test campaign carried out with an ultrasonic testing machine up to 1010 cycles is presented. The aluminum alloy hourglass and dog‐bone samples have dimensions spanning over a very wide range, with the diameter in the middle cross‐section comprised between 3 and 30 mm. From the experimental results, the influence of structural size can be clearly detected, and it is possible to observe a transition between small scales, where the size effect is more pronounced, and larger scales, where the size effect is vanishing. This phenomenon can be explained in an effective way by adopting a multifractal formalism, which is equipped with the probabilistic treatment of the statistical dispersion of experimental data.
Coupled anaerobic methane oxidation and metal reduction in soil under elevated CO2
Authors: Xu Chenchao , Zhang Naifang , Zhang Kaihang , Li Shuyao , Xia Qing , Xiao Jing , Liang Maojun , Lei Weilei , He Junpan , Chen Gaiping , Ge Chengjun , Zheng Xunhua , Zhu Jianguo , Hu Shuijin , Koide Roger T. , Firestone Mary K. , Cheng Lei
Published: May 2023

Continued current emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) by human activities will increase global atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations and surface temperature significantly. Fields of paddy rice, the most important form of anthropogenic wetlands, account for about 9% of anthropogenic sources of CH4. Elevated atmospheric CO2 may enhance CH4 production in rice paddies, potentially reinforcing the increase in atmospheric CH4. However, what is not known is whether and how elevated CO2 influences CH4 consumption under anoxic soil conditions in rice paddies, as the net emission of CH4 is a balance of methanogenesis and methanotrophy. In this study, we used a long‐term free‐air CO2 enrichment experiment to examine the impact of elevated CO2 on the transformation of CH4 in a paddy rice agroecosystem. We demonstrate that elevated CO2 substantially increased anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to manganese and/or iron oxides reduction in the calcareous paddy soil. We further show that elevated CO2 may stimulate the growth and metabolism of Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens, which is actively involved in catalyzing AOM when coupled to metal reduction, mainly through enhancing the availability of soil CH4. These findings suggest that a thorough evaluation of climate‐carbon cycle feedbacks may need to consider the coupling of methane and metal cycles in natural and agricultural wetlands under future climate change scenarios.
Clotting factor activity levels and bleeding risk in people with haemophilia playing sports
Authors: Versloot Olav , Kemler Ellen , Blokzijl Johan , Timmer Merel , Schuuring Marleen , van Galen Karin P. M. , Kremer Hovinga Idske Cornelia L. , van der Valk Paul R. , van Vulpen Lize F. D. , Schutgens Roger E. G. , van Koppenhagen Casper F. , van der Net Janjaap , Fischer Kathelijn
Published: May 2023

Background

Improved treatment options for people with haemophilia (PWH) have increased the possibilities for sports participation, but the risk of sports‐induced bleeding (SIB) is still considered considerable by many.

Aim

To assess sports associated injury‐ and bleeding risk in PWH and to assess clotting levels associated with safe sports participation.

Methods

Sports injuries and SIBs were prospectively collected for 12 months in PWH aged 6–49 without inhibitors playing sports at least once weekly. Injuries were compared according to factor levels, severity, joint health, sports risk category and sports intensity. Factor activity at the time of injury was estimated using a pharmacokinetic model.

Results

125 participants aged 6–49 (41 children, 90% haemophilia A; 48% severe, 95% severe on prophylaxis) were included. Sports injuries were reported by 51 participants (41%). Most participants (62%) reported no bleeds at all and only 16% reported SIBs. SIBs were associated with factor levels at time of injury (OR: 0.93/%factor level (CI 0.88–0.99); p = .02), but not with haemophilia severity (OR: 0.62 (CI 0.20–1.89); p = .40), joint health, sports risk category or sports intensity. PWH with factor levels <10% during sports injury had a bleeding risk of 41% versus 20% in those with higher (>10%) factor levels.

Conclusion

The results of this study emphasize the importance of clotting factor levels in prevention of bleeds. This information is vital for patient counselling and tailoring prophylactic treatment with clotting factors and non‐replacement therapy.
Genomic profiling of dedifferentiated endometrial carcinomas arising in the background of high‐grade carcinoma: a targeted next‐generation sequencing study
Authors: Olkhov‐Mitsel Ekaterina , Busca Aurelia , Parra‐Herran Carlos , Amemiya Yutaka , Nofech‐Mozes Sharon , Djordjevic Bojana , Nucci Marisa R , Seth Arun , Mirkovic Jelena
Published: May 2023

Aims

Our understanding of dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (DEC), a rare and aggressive malignancy, mainly reflects undifferentiated carcinomas (UC) arising in the setting of low‐grade endometrial cancer (DEC‐LG). However, cases of UC arising in the setting of high‐grade EC (DEC‐HG) have been noted in the literature. Our knowledge of the genomics of DEC‐HG is limited. To characterise the molecular landscape of DEC‐HC, targeted genomic sequencing and immunohistochemical analysis was carried out on seven DEC‐HG and four DEC‐LG.

Methods and results

DEC‐HG and DEC‐LG, including undifferentiated and differentiated components, both showed a similar frequency and spectrum of mutations. ARID1A mutations were identified in 6/7 (86%) DEC‐HG and 4/4 (100%) DEC‐LG, while SMARCA4 mutations were present in 4/7 (57%) DEC‐HG and in 1/4 (25%) DEC‐LG. Concurrent SMARCA4/BRG1 protein loss by immunohistochemistry was observed in 3/4 and 1/1 SMARCA4 mutated DEC‐HG and DEC‐LG, respectively. Neither genomic alterations nor protein loss in SMARCB1/INI1 were observed in any of our cases. TP53 mutations were detected in 4/7 (57%) DEC‐HG and in 2/4 (50%) DEC‐LG, while mutation‐pattern p53 immunohistochemistry expression was observed in 2/7 (29%) DEC‐HG and none of the DEC‐LG. MLH1 mutations were observed in 1/7 (14%) DEC‐HG and 1/4 (25%) DEC‐LG. MSH2 and MSH6 mutations were each detected in 1/7 (14%) DEC‐HG, but neither was associated with corresponding loss of protein expression.

Conclusion

The findings support expanding the definition of DEC to include DEC‐HG, a previously under‐recognised phenomenon with genomic similarities to DEC‐LG.
Characteristics and prognostic significance of polo‐like kinase‐1 (PLK1) expression in breast cancer
Authors: Lashen Ayat G , Toss Michael S , Wootton Louisa , Green Andrew R. , Mongan Nigel P , Madhusudan Srinivasan , Rakha Emad
Published: May 2023

Aim

Polo‐like kinase‐1 (PLK1) plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression, and it is considered a potential therapeutic target in many cancers. Although the role of PLK1 is well established in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) as an oncogene, its role in luminal BC is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic and predictive role of PLK1 in BC and its molecular subtypes.

Methods

A large BC cohort (n = 1208) were immunohistochemically stained for PLK1. The association with clinicopathological, molecular subtypes, and survival data was analysed. PLK1 mRNA was evaluated in the publicly available datasets (n = 6774), including The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Kaplan–Meier Plotter tool.

Results

20% of the study cohort showed high cytoplasmic PLK1 expression. High PLK1 expression was significantly associated with a better outcome in the whole cohort, luminal BC. In contrast, high PLK1 expression was associated with a poor outcome in TNBC. Multivariate analyses indicated that high PLK1 expression is independently associated with longer survival in luminal BC, and in poorer prognosis in TNBC. At the mRNA levels, PLK1 expression was associated with short survival in TNBC consistent with the protein expression. However, in luminal BC, its prognostic value significantly varies between cohorts.

Conclusion

The prognostic role of PLK1 in BC is molecular subtype‐dependent. As PLK1 inhibitors are introduced to clinical trials for several cancer types, our study supports evaluation of the pharmacological inhibition of PLK1 as an attractive therapeutic target in TNBC. However, in luminal BC, PLK1 prognostic role remains controversial.
WHAT, AT LONG LAST, IS HISTORICAL THEORY FOR? REFLECTIONS ON HISTORICAL THEORY IN A POST‐TRUTH WORLD
Authors: PARTNER NANCY
Published: May 2023

The term “post‐truth” is a capacious trope that collects threats to the stability of shared knowledge on many fronts—digitally spread disinformation, ignorance and resistance to science, unabashed lies in the public sphere, mythologizing by resurgent nationalist forces, and so on. History is particularly vulnerable to this array. Post‐truth threats to serious history produced to professional standards for research and reasoning by historians free of coercion, intimidation, or pressures for co‐optation are too blatant to need explanation. Avenues of response to the politicizing of history have been protests by public intellectuals and academics and a growing scholarly literature recording the imposition of memory laws by the police powers of numerous states. Attacks on empirical history, and the academic freedom required to sustain it, provoke clear responses, but the situation of historical theory is more problematic. Historical theory is a superstructure of analysis that presupposes the free production of history that invites and justifies the cultural work of theorizing. Reading Karen S. Feldman's Arts of Connection: Poetry, History, Epochality, an erudite, philosophical contribution to historical theory advancing a severe critique of history's fundamental powers of representation against a widening background of nationalist state‐sponsored policing of history, produced an acute cognitive dissonance in this reviewer. In this essay, I frankly acknowledge this dissonant experience and lay out some of the most egregious causes of it in history distorted and undermined to nationalist ends in Russia, Poland, Hungary, and beyond. I pose the question of whether the intellectual work of theorizing history can continue with any confidence when the ground on which theory stands is being eroded and distorted.
Customer experience in social commerce: A systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Dhaigude Soma Amol , Mohan Bijuna C.
Published: May 2023

Social commerce (SC) is an upcoming trend that has changed the online shopping experience by allowing e‐retailers to develop long‐term relationships with customers and increase sales. Empowered by Web 3.0, SC offers many‐to‐many interactions, enhancing the quality and quantity of social interaction related to the seller–customer, information searches, and product/service delivery. The customer experience (CEX) has been well developed both in the online and offline contexts. However, limited attention has been paid to examining CEX in the SC setting. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature to develop a conceptual framework exploring both the antecedents and consequences of CEX in the SC setting. In the process, we make three significant contributions to academia and practice. First, the study contributes to our understanding of CEX in the context of SC. Second, it proposes a conceptual framework by identifying antecedents of CEX and potential consequences using the consumer culture theory. Finally, it highlights a subject relevant to academia and practice while proposing recommendations for further research.
Targeting the BRAF pathway in haematological diseases
Authors: Rees Matthew J. , Dickinson Michael , Paterson James , Ng Teng F. , Grigg Andrew , Moore John , Blombery Piers , Seymour John F.
Published: May 2023

Since the recognition of BRAF V600E mutations in the majority of cases of hairy cell leukaemia, Erdheim–Chester disease and Langerhans cell histiocytosis, the targeted oral kinase inhibitors dabrafenib and vemurafenib have been adapted for their treatment. Like other targeted agents, these drugs produce high response rates and predictable but unique side effects. Physician familiarity is essential for the effective use of these agents. We review the Australian experience of BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy in these rare haematological cancers.
Prevalence of depression symptoms among female adolescents in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Binsaif Samr , Reynolds Shirley , Jenkins Paul
Published: May 2023

Objective

Epidemiological studies on the prevalence of elevated depression symptoms among female adolescents in Saudi Arabia report a wide variation, ranging from 13.9% to 80.2%. However, different methods of assessment and sampling have been used. The aim of the current study is to estimate the prevalence of elevated depression symptoms amongst female adolescents in Saudi Arabia using a gold‐standard self‐report measure, the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ).

Design and Measures

A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 515 female students aged 13−18 years, recruited from public schools. Participants completed the Arabic versions of the MFQ, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.

Results

Mean MFQ score for this sample was 26.35 and almost half of participants (48.2%) had scores above the cut‐off. Severity of depression varied with age, with those aged 13 showing reduced symptoms, and was negatively correlated with self‐esteem and perceived social support. There were no associations with other demographic factors.

Conclusion

Elevated levels of depression symptoms were common in this sample. This highlights the need to improve public mental health in this community and to improve methods of identifying and treating depression in female adolescents.
Very late‐onset atrial lead perforation leading to pneumopericardium
Authors: Enokizono Kei , Kamakura Tsukasa , Kotoku Akiyuki , Nakata Jun , Matama Hideo , Kusano Kengo
Published: May 2023

Background

Atrial lead perforation may lead to pneumopericardium or pneumothorax within a few days of device implantation.

Methods and Results

We report a case of atrial lead perforation 6 years after cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation, which resulted in pneumopericardium and pneumothorax.

Conclusion

Although pneumopericardium caused by atrial lead perforation can spontaneously resolve with conservative treatment, as it did in this case, treatment should be decided based on the patient's general condition and lead performance.
Research Review: The internalizing paradox – youth anxiety and depression symptoms, psychotherapy outcomes, and implications for research and practice
Authors: Weisz John R. , Fitzpatrick Olivia M. , Venturo‐Conerly Katherine E. , Sternberg Ariel , Steinberg Joshua S. , Ng Mei Yi
Published: May 2023

Background

Youth anxiety and depression have long been combined within the empirically derived internalizing syndrome. The two conditions show substantial comorbidity, symptom co‐occurrence, and overlap in treatment procedures, but paradoxically diverge in psychotherapy outcomes: strong, positive effects for anxiety and weak effects for depression.

Methods

Drawing on recent research, we examine candidate explanations for this paradox to help identify strategies for addressing it by improving outcomes for youth depression.

Results

Candidate explanations include that youth depression, compared with youth anxiety, has more varied comorbidities and more heterogeneous symptom combinations, has greater uncertainty regarding mediators and mechanisms of change, is treated with more complex and potentially confusing protocols, and has characteristics that may impede client engagement. Candidate strategies for shrinking the psychotherapy effectiveness gap include personalizing through transdiagnostic modular treatment, simplifying therapy by focusing on empirically supported principles of change, developing effective strategies for engaging family members as intervention allies, using shared decision‐making to inform clinical decisions and boost client engagement, capitalizing on youth‐friendly technological advances, and shortening and digitizing treatments to enhance their accessibility and appeal.

Conclusions

Recent advances suggest explanations for the internalizing paradox, which in turn suggest strategies for shrinking the youth anxiety–depression psychotherapy outcome gap; these form an agenda for a promising new era of research.
Capital gain overhang and risk–return trade‐off: An international study
Authors: Zheng Dazhi , Li Huimin , Li Fengyun
Published: May 2023

In this article, we examine the risk–return relation under the impact of investors' price reference points in international markets. We calculate capital gain overhang (CGO) to measure the psychological evaluation of past returns. Using a double‐sorting methodology, we find that a negative risk–return trade‐off generally exists in international markets when CGO is low; results using the Fama–MacBeth procedure confirm our findings. The CGO effect is more prominent in less developed, less transparent, and less legally protected markets. It is stronger in markets with collectivistic, higher power‐distanced, and feminine cultures. The evidence also indicates that the price reference effect is more pronounced when the market is in crisis. Finally, the CGO effect on the risk–return relation reverses as the holding period becomes longer.
Sex differences in mortality of older adults with falls after emergency department consultation: FALL‐ER registry
Authors: Miró Òscar , Gil‐Rodrigo Adriana , García‐Martínez Ana , Aguiló Sira , Alemany Xavier , Nickel Christian H. , Jacob Javier , Llorens Pere , Herrero Pablo , Torres‐Machado Victoria , Cenjor Raquel , Coll‐Vinent Blanca , Martínez‐Nadal Gemma , del Nogal Montserrat Lázaro , Peacock Frank , Martín‐Sánchez Francisco Javier
Published: May 2023

Background

To investigate if sex is a risk factor for mortality in patients consulting at the emergency department (ED) for an unintentional fall.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of the FALL‐ER registry, a cohort of patients ≥65 years with an unintentional fall presenting to one of 5 Spanish EDs during 52 predefined days (one per week during one year). We collected 18 independent patient baseline and fall‐related variables. Patients were followed for 6 months and all‐cause mortality recorded. The association between biological sex and mortality was expressed as unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and subgroup analyses were performed by assessing the interaction of sex with all baseline and fall‐related mortality risk variables.

Results

Of 1315 enrolled patients (median age 81 years), 411 were men (31%) and 904 women (69%). The 6‐month mortality was higher in men (12.4% vs. 5.2%, HR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.65–3.71), although age was similar between sexes. Men had more comorbidity, previous hospitalizations, loss of consciousness, and an intrinsic cause for falling. Women more frequently lived alone, with self‐reported depression, and the fall results in a fracture and immobilization. Nonetheless, after adjustment for age and these eight divergent variables, older men aged 65 and over still showed a significantly higher mortality (HR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.39–3.45), with the highest risk observed during the first month after ED presentation (HR = 4.18, 95% CI = 1.31–13.3). We found no interaction between sex and any patient‐related or fall‐related variables with respect to mortality (p > 0.05 in all comparisons).

Conclusions

Male sex is a risk factor for death following ED presentation for a fall in the older population adults aged 65 and over. The causes for this risk should be investigated in future studies.
High‐intensity home health physical therapy among older adult Veterans: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer E. , Derlein Danielle , Churchill Laura , Falvey Jason R. , Nordon‐Craft Amy , Sullivan William J. , Forster Jeri E. , Stutzbach Julie A. , Butera Katie A. , Burke Robert E. , Mangione Kathleen K.
Published: May 2023

Background

Older adult Veterans are at high risk for adverse health outcomes following hospitalization. Since physical function is one of the largest potentially modifiable risk factors for adverse health outcomes, our purpose was to determine if progressive, high‐intensity resistance training in home health physical therapy (PT) improves physical function in Veterans more than standardized home health PT and to determine if the high‐intensity program was comparably safe, defined as having a similar number of adverse events.

Methods

We enrolled Veterans and their spouses during an acute hospitalization who were recommended to receive home health care on discharge because of physical deconditioning. We excluded individuals who had contraindications to high‐intensity resistance training. A total of 150 participants were randomized 1:1 to either (1) a progressive, high‐intensity (PHIT) PT intervention or (2) a standardized PT intervention (comparison group). All participants in both groups were assigned to receive 12 visits (3 visits/week over 30 days) in their home. The primary outcome was gait speed at 60 days. Secondary outcomes included adverse events (rehospitalizations, emergency department visits, falls and deaths after 30 and 60‐days), gait speed, Modified Physical Performance Test, Timed Up‐and‐Go, Short Physical Performance Battery, muscle strength, Life‐Space Mobility assessment, Veterans RAND 12‐item Health Survey, Saint Louis University Mental Status exam, and step counts at 30, 60, 90, 180 days post‐randomization.

Results

There were no differences between groups in gait speed at 60 days, and no significant differences in adverse events between groups at either time point. Similarly, physical performance measures and patient reported outcomes were not different at any time point. Notably, participants in both groups experienced increases in gait speed that met or exceeded established clinically important thresholds.

Conclusions

Among older adult Veterans with hospital‐associated deconditioning and multimorbidity, high‐intensity home health PT was safe and effective in improving physical function, but not found to be more effective than a standardized PT program.
Multigenerational transmission of differentiation of self – Toward a more in‐depth understanding of Bowen's theory concept
Authors: Józefczyk Anna
Published: May 2023

The multigenerational transmission of differentiation of self is one of the basic concepts of Bowen's Family Systems Theory. It describes how the ability to build healthy and intimate relationships with others can be passed down through generations within the family system. Previous research devoted to the concept has yielded mixed results. However, significant discrepancies can be observed between methodological approaches and the resulting understanding of the similarity in self‐differentiation observed between parents and children. The present study examines these inconsistencies and explores the process of transmission on a multifaceted basis. Based on a series of confirmatory factor analyses, our findings lend support to Bowen's theory hypothesis and demonstrate that both parental sex and that of the child play a crucial role in transmission. The article highlights the importance of addressing family issues in promoting satisfying personal and social functioning among young people.
Coparenting change after couple therapy using self‐reports and observational data
Authors: Liekmeier Esther , Vowels Laura M. , Antonietti Jean‐Philippe , Bodenmann Guy , Darwiche Joëlle
Published: May 2023

Parent couples are involved in a coparenting bond and in a romantic relationship. Research on couple therapy has mainly explored the impact of couple therapy on romantic relationships; however, little is known about how couple therapy affects the coparenting relationship. Self‐reports of positive and negative coparenting and observed emotional behavior in coparenting‐related conversation tasks were assessed pre‐ and posttherapy (6 months intervals) in 64 mixed‐sex parental couples. Results showed that mothers and fathers reported more positive coparenting after therapy. There were no significant changes in the reported negative coparenting and in the emotional behavior. Exploratory analyses indicated gender differences in emotional expression. The findings suggest that fathers might have been more active in the coparenting conversation after therapy.
Associations of circulating metabolites with cerebral white matter hyperintensities
Authors: Sun Yan , Guo Yu , Li Hong‐Qi , Tan Lan , Feng Jian‐Feng , Cheng Wei , Yu Jin‐Tai
Published: May 2023

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the most compelling risk factors of stroke, dementia, and early mortality. We aimed to investigate the associations between WMH and circulating metabolites. We studied up to 8190 individuals from the UK Biobank, who have both measurements of 249 plasma metabolites and WMH volume. Linear regression models were applied in pooled samples, and age‐stratified and sex‐stratified subsamples to estimate the associations between WMH and metabolomic measures. We conducted three analytic models. In the basic model, we identified 45 metabolomic measures associated with WMH after multiple testing correction (p < 0.0022), 15 of which remained significant in additional adjustments, but no metabolites passed the full adjustment in pooled samples. The 15 WMH‐related metabolites were subfractions of various sizes of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), fatty acids, and glycoprotein acetyls. Among them, one fatty acid metabolite and 12 HDL‐related traits showed significant negative associations with WMH. Higher glycoprotein acetyls were associated with large WMH. Strong age and sex specificities were observed indicating distinct metabolomic features accompany WMH in different samples. More metabolites were identified in males and adults under 50 years old. Circulating metabolites showed remarkably widespread associations with WMH. Population specificities may shed light on the different pertinent implications of WMH.

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Impaired sexual health among women treated for vulvar cancer: An integrated review
Authors: Olesen Mette Linnet , Seibæk Lene , Sekse Ragnhild Johanne Tveit
Published: May 2023

Background

Although gynaecological cancer's negative effects on sexual function are well known, most studies on the subject have not included vulvar cancer patients or a multidimensional perspective on sexual health. Therefore, this review aimed to address this research gap and explored the impact of vulvar cancer on women's sexual health from a multidimensional perspective.

Methodology

An integrated review was conducted, as described by Whittemore and Knafl. The PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Embase databases were searched in March 2021 and updated in August 2022 and March 2023. The data were thematically analysed using NVivo, and the PRISMA‐ScR and ENTREQ guidelines were followed.

Findings

The following themes were identified in the 28 reviewed articles: impact of a changed female body, impact on women's sexual identity, consequences for women's sexual relationships and unmet needs and loneliness caused by taboos about sexual health.

Discussion

Women's impaired sexual health after vulvar cancer points to a great need to understand and holistically investigate sexual health. In addition, healthcare professionals have an obligation to care for the sexual health issues of patients with vulvar cancer. However, most questionnaires used in the selected studies revealed a narrow understanding of sexual health and focused on sexuality as a genital activity.

Conclusion

The sexual health of women with vulvar cancer was tabooed and stigmatised for patients and healthcare professionals. Consequently, women received sparse sexual guidance, felt isolated and had unmet needs.

Implications for clinical practice

Healthcare professionals need knowledge and training on how to break taboos and address the sexual needs of vulvar cancer patients. Systematic screenings for sexual health needs should be conducted using a multidimensional perspective.

Trial and protocol registration

The protocol was preregistered at the Open Science Framework (www.osf.io), registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YDA2Q

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Masculinity, Femininity, and Reported Paranormal Beliefs
Authors: SILVA TONY
Published: May 2023

Previous research has found that women are more likely than men to report belief in nonmaterial paranormal phenomena (e.g., psychics). There are inconsistent findings about whether men are more likely than women to report belief in material paranormal phenomena (e.g., bigfoot/sasquatch), and no prior survey research has examined gender expression (as masculine or feminine) as it relates to paranormal beliefs. This paper asks: How do gender identity and gender expression relate to reported paranormal beliefs? It answers this question using a large sample (n = 2504) of Canadians. Femininity helps explain differences between cisgender women and men on reported beliefs about foreseeing the future and telekinesis, but less so about reported belief in ghosts. Intriguingly, reported gender atypicality is associated with reported belief in all paranormal phenomena among cisgender women and among cisgender men. The results highlight the importance of measuring gender expression for beliefs that science cannot verify.
Resolution enhancement of tongue tactile image based on deconvolution neural network
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Yu Shixin , Zhao Xiaoyan , Sun Xiaojun , Meng Qi , Liu Shikun , Xu Yifei , Lv Chuang , Li Jiangyong
Published: May 2023

To reproduce the tactile perception of multiple contacts on the human tongue surface, it is necessary to use a pressure measurement device with high spatial resolution. However, reducing the size of the array sensing unit and optimizing the lead arrangement still pose challenges. This article describes a deconvolution neural network (DNN) for improving the resolution of tongue surface tactile imaging, which alleviates this tradeoff between tactile sensing performance and hardware simplicity. The model can work without high‐resolution tactile imaging data of tongue surface: First, in the compression test using artificial tongues, the tactile image matrix (7 × 7) with low resolution can be acquired by sensor array with a sparse electrode arrangement. Then, through finite element analysis modeling, combined with the distribution rule of additional stress on the two‐dimensional plane, the pressure data around the existing detection points are calculated, further expanding the tactile image matrix data amount. Finally, the DNN, based on its efficient nonlinear reconstruction attributes, uses the low‐resolution and high‐resolution tactile imaging matrix generated by compression test and finite element simulation, respectively, to train, and outputs high‐resolution tactile imaging information (13 × 13) closer to the tactile perception of the tongue surface. The results show that the overall accuracy of the tactile image matrix calculated by this model is above 88%. Then, we deduced the spatial difference graph of the resilience index of the three kinds of ham sausages through the high‐resolution tactile imaging matrix.
Student teachers as writers: using an ‘immersive’ approach in ITE to build positive writers
Authors: Gardner Paul , Kuzich Sonja
Published: May 2023

The preparation of student teachers to be effective teachers of writing requires attention to both their writing skills and their personal confidence. When teachers have confidence in themselves as writers and strong writer identities, they are likely to better placed to develop strong writer identities in their own students. It is suggested confidence and secure writer identity contribute to high self‐efficacy. However, studies suggest student teachers often lack confidence as writers. Improving the quality of school students' writing may depend on producing more teacher graduates with high levels of confidence and self‐efficacy, as writers. This investigation with Year One Primary B. Ed students adopted an immersive approach to the study and development of writing. Student teachers engaged in a series of open‐ended writing prompts and were asked to reflect on their experiences and confidence as writers. Findings suggest an ‘immersive approach’ may enable many student teachers to develop greater confidence and positivity towards writing.
Local volatility under rough volatility
Authors: Bourgey Florian , De Marco Stefano , Friz Peter K. , Pigato Paolo
Published: May 2023

Several asymptotic results for the implied volatility generated by a rough volatility model have been obtained in recent years (notably in the small‐maturity regime), providing a better understanding of the shapes of the volatility surface induced by rough volatility models, supporting their calibration power to SP500 option data. Rough volatility models also generate a local volatility surface, via the so‐called Markovian projection of the stochastic volatility. We complement the existing results on implied volatility by studying the asymptotic behavior of the local volatility surface generated by a class of rough stochastic volatility models, encompassing the rough Bergomi model. Notably, we observe that the celebrated “1/2 skew rule” linking the short‐term at‐the‐money skew of the implied volatility to the short‐term at‐the‐money skew of the local volatility, a consequence of the celebrated “harmonic mean formula” of [Berestycki et al. (2002). Quantitative Finance, 2, 61–69], is replaced by a new rule: the ratio of the at‐the‐money implied and local volatility skews tends to the constant (as opposed to the constant 1/2), where H is the regularity index of the underlying instantaneous volatility process.
Outcomes in orthotopic heart transplantation following pacemaker implantation
Authors: Do Duc H. , Bailey Katherine L. , Beyer Ryan , Neubuerger Samuel , Bradfield Jason , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Nsair Ali , Boyle Noel G.
Published: May 2023

Background

Bradyarrhythmias including sinus node dysfunction (SND) and atrioventricular block (AVB) can necessitate pacemaker (PPM) implantation in orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) recipients. Prior studies have shown conflicting findings regarding the effect of PPM implantation on survival. We evaluated the effect of PPM indication on long‐term re‐transplant‐free survival in OHT patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of OHT patients at UCLA Medical Center from 1985 to 2018. Indication for PPM (SND, AVB) was identified. Cox proportional hazards model with pacemaker implantation as a time‐varying covariate was used to evaluate its effect on the primary endpoint of retransplant or death. We included 1609 OHTs in 1511 adult patients with median follow‐up of 12 years.

Results

At transplant, patients were aged 53 ± 13 years and 1125 (74.5%) were male. Pacemakers were implanted in 109 (7.2%) patients; 65 for SND (4.3%) and 43 for AVB (2.8%). Repeat OHT was performed in 103 (6.4%) cases and 798 (52.8%) patients died during the follow‐up period. The risk of the primary endpoint was significantly higher in patients requiring PPM for AVB (HR 3.0, 95% CI 2.1–4.2, p < .01) after controlling for age at OHT, gender, hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, history of repeat OHT, acute rejection, transplant coronary vasculopathy, and atrial fibrillation, but not PPM for SND (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.70–1.4, p = 1.0).

Conclusions

Patients who required PPM for AVB, but not SND, were at significantly higher risk of death or retransplant compared to patients who did not require PPM.
Optimizing conduction system pacing lead placement utilizing the image overlay technique
Authors: Pharithi Rebabonye B. , Ayeni Michael , Makharia Manoj , Keene Daniel , Khiani Raj
Published: May 2023

The His‐bundle has several locations from which conduction system pacing can be achieved. Some locations offer better sensing, thresholds and paced QRS durations.

Existing techniques to aid repositioning of an already deployed, but sub‐optimally placed lead, include either simple memory of the initial lead position combined with its observation on an x‐ray review screen or utilizing an additional vascular access and pacing lead with the first lead serving as a real‐time marker (Two‐lead technique).

We describe a novel, readily available, cost‐efficient, imaging‐based approach to assist in the re‐positioning of a pacing lead for His‐bundle pacing (the Image Overlay Technique).
Unusual atrial pacing induced by type II far‐field p‐wave sensing in a patient with complete atrioventricular block
Authors: Yamagishi Yasunobu , Oginosawa Yasushi , Ishii Nozomu , Nakamura Yuki , Yagyu Keishiro , Miyamoto Taro , Ohe Hisaharu , Kohno Ritsuko , Kataoka Masaharu , Abe Haruhiko
Published: May 2023

An 88‐year‐old Japanese woman underwent DDD pacemaker (MicroPort KORA 250 DR, V lead: VEGA R52) implantation for complete atrioventricular block. A 12‐lead electrocardiogram for a routine examination showed atrial pacing within the intrinsic P wave, followed by inhibition of ventricular pacing. Pacemaker interrogation revealed no abnormalities in the basic parameters; however, ventricular pacing was inhibited by far‐field sensing of intrinsic atrial waves before atrial events; type II far‐field P‐wave sensing. As a result, unusual atrial pacing occurred due to the pause suppression algorithm, which is the one of the functions that prevent atrial fibrillation development.
Women and Stoic ethics in early modern England
Authors: Broad Jacqueline , Barnes Diana G.
Published: May 2023

This paper provides an overview of women's engagement with Stoic ethics in early modern England (c. 1600–1700). It builds on recent literature in the field by demonstrating that there is a positive gender‐inclusive narrative to be told about Stoic philosophy in this time—one that incorporates women's specific concerns and responds to women's lived experiences. To support this claim, we take an interdisciplinary approach and examine several different genres of women's writing in the period, including letters, poems, plays, educational texts, and moral essays. In these writings, we argue, a distinctive conception of Stoic therapy emerges. Women embrace well‐known aspects of the Stoic philosophy—such as living in agreement with nature, the importance of self‐government, and the ideal of freedom from the passions—but they also allow room for the cultivation of eupatheiai or life‐affirmative feelings, such as feelings of respect, affection, and good will toward other people.