bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of spondyloarthritis in inflammatory bowel disease according ASAS and ultrassonography and its correlation with plasma calprotectin
Authors: Huber Míriam Küster , Valim Valeria , Serrano Érica Vieira , Mendonça José Alexandre , Lourenço Rafael Burgomeister , Espírito Santo Thaisa Moraes Ribeiro , Nordal Hilde , de Fátima Bissoli Maria , de Oliveira Gavi Maria Bernadete Renoldi
Published: April 2024

Background

Enteropathic spondyloarthritis is underdiagnosed and inflammatory biomarkers and ultrasonography (US) could be useful for screening inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of spondyloarthritis (SpA) in IBD patients, according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria and the correlation of results of US of entheses and joints with plasma calprotectin levels.

Methods

This was an observational cross-sectional study. Patients from the IBD outpatient clinic of a reference center were evaluated according to ASAS criteria classification, results of US of entheses and joints, and inflammatory biomarker measurements (erythrocyte sedimentation rates, C-reactive protein levels, fecal and plasma calprotectin levels). A p value lower than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

A total of 30.5% of the studied sample (n = 118) of patients with IBD presented at least one inflammatory musculoskeletal manifestation. The overall prevalence of enteropathic SpA was 13.55%, with 10.16% axial SpA and 4.23% peripheral SpA according to the ASAS criteria. A total of 42.1% of patients had an MASEI score greater than 18, 35.2% had synovitis, and 14.7% had tenosynovitis on US, increasing the frequency of diagnosis of enteropathic SpA to 22.8%. Plasma calprotectin levels were similar to those in healthy controls, and correlated only with the fecal calprotectin level (p 0.041).

Conclusions

A total of 13.5% of patients met the criteria in accordance with the ASAS criteria for enteropathic SpA, which increased to 22.8% with the addition of US. The prevalence of enthesitis, synovitis and tenosynovitis by US of symptomatic joints and entheses were 42%, 35% and 14.7% respectively. Plasma calprotectin was correlated with fecal calprotectin but not with inflammatory biomarkers or US or ASAS criteria.
Drug survival and change of disease activity using a second janus kinase inhibitor in patients with difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis who failed to a janus kinase inhibitor and subsequent biologics
Authors: Kwon Oh Chan , Choi Wonho , Ahn Soo Min , Oh Ji Seon , Hong Seokchan , Lee Chang-Keun , Yoo Bin , Park Min-Chan , Kim Yong-Gil
Published: April 2024

Background

To assess the drug survival and change of disease activity using a second Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) after failure to a JAKi and subsequent biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in patients with difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 32 patients with difficult-to-treat RA who failed to a JAKi and subsequently to one or more bDMARDs and then switched to a second JAKi. To assess drug survival, electronic medical records of each patient were reviewed. Data on whether the second JAKi was discontinued, and the reasons for discontinuation were collected. The change of disease activity was assessed by analyzing changes in tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), patient’s global assessment of disease activity on a visual-analogue scale (VAS), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Disease Activity Score for 28 joints with ESR (DAS28-ESR), and DAS28-CRP from baseline to that at six months from initiation of the second JAKi.

Results

Overall, discontinuation of the second JAKi occurred in 20 (62.5%) patients. Primary failure, secondary failure, adverse events, and insurance coverage issues were the reasons for discontinuation in 9 (45.0%), 5 (25.0%), 2 (10.0%), and 4 (20.0%) patients, respectively. The estimated 2-year drug survival rate was 39.3%. In terms of change of disease activity, the second JAKi significantly improved TJC (p < 0.001), SJC (p < 0.001), VAS (p < 0.001), CRP (p = 0.026), DAS28-ESR (p < 0.001), and DAS28-CRP (p < 0.001) at 6-month compared with that at the baseline.

Conclusions

Second JAKi could be a therapeutic option in patients with difficult-to-treat RA who have failed to a JAKi and subsequent bDMARDs.
Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome–Based Symptom Management Versus Usual Care After Lung Cancer Surgery: Long-Term Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Dai Wei , Wang Yaqin , Liao Jia , Wei Xing , Dai Zhen , Xu Wei , Liu Yangjun , Wang Xin Shelley , Pompili Cecilia , Yu Hongfan , Pu Yang , Zhao Yuqian , Cao Bangrong , Wang Qifeng , Feng Wenhong , Zhang Yuanqiang , Liu Fang , Deng Yuanle , Zhou Jin , Li Juan , Xie Shaohua , Xiang Run , Wang Xiang , Tian Bo , Yang Xiaozun , Hu Bin , Liu Xiaoqin , Xie Tianpeng , Yang Xiaojun , Zhuang Xiang , Qiao Guibin , Li Qiang , Shi Qiuling
Published: April 2024

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.

We previously reported superior symptom control of electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO)–based symptom management after lung cancer surgery for up to 1 month postdischarge. Here, we present the long-term results (1-12 months) of this multicenter, randomized trial, where patients were assigned 1:1 to receive postoperative ePRO-based symptom management or usual care daily postsurgery, twice weekly postdischarge until 1 month, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postdischarge. Long-term patient-reported outcomes were assessed with MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Lung Cancer module. Per-protocol analyses were performed with 55 patients in the ePRO group and 57 in the usual care group. At 12 months postdischarge, the ePRO group reported significantly fewer symptom threshold events (any of the five target symptom scored ≥4; median [IQR], 0 [0-0] v 0 [0-1]; P = .040) than the usual care group. From 1 to 12 months postdischarge, the ePRO group consistently reported significantly lower composite scores for physical interference (estimate, –0.86 [95% CI, –1.32 to –0.39]) and affective interference (estimate, –0.70 [95% CI, –1.14 to –0.26]). Early intensive ePRO-based symptom management after lung cancer surgery reduced symptom burden and improved functional status for up to 1 year postdischarge, supporting its integration into standard care.
Genomic Considerations in the Treatment of Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Hattum Crystal J. , Elsey Rachel J. , Meissner Tobias , Spanos William C.
Published: April 2024

Highlighting genomically driven targeted therapies to improve outcomes in advanced thyroid carcinoma.
Two Cases of Adrenal Cysts Lined by Thyroid Follicular Epithelium: Addressing Cellular Origin and Malignancy Concerns
Authors: Kanzawa Maki , Kanda Tomonori , Fukuoka Hidenori , Shigemura Katsumi , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Itoh Tomoo
Published: April 2024

Adrenal cysts lined by thyroid follicular epithelium are rare, with only 14 reported cases of “ectopic thyroid tissue” to date. While the primary consideration for differential diagnosis is thyroid carcinoma metastasis, exclusion of metastases is determined based on the absence of a primary thyroid lesion, serological euthyroidism, lack of thyroglobulin elevation, and absence of epithelial atypia. Herein, we report 2 cases of adrenal cysts lined by thyroid follicular epithelium. Case 1 was a 60-year-old woman with a right adrenal cyst. Case 2 was a 51-year-old man with a left adrenal cyst. Over time, both cysts became larger, necessitating an adrenalectomy. Cystic epithelia were lined with thyroid follicular epithelium, exhibiting moderate atypia. Human bone marrow endothelial cell marker-1 and galectin-3 were focally positive; CK19 was positive in Case 1, and all 3 markers were positive in Case 2, previously reported as an immunophenotype of thyroid carcinoma. CD56 expression was positive in both cases. Targeted next-generation sequencing revealed several low-frequency mutations; however, no major driver alterations for thyroid cancer were detected. Adrenal cysts can be lined by thyroid follicular epithelium. Challenges arise in determining the malignant or benign nature of adrenal cysts.
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Muscle Function in Patients With I131-Induced Hypothyroidism: A Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Maneewan Sureephan , Manosroi Worapaka , Jesadaporn Panas , Phimphilai Mattabhorn , Tipduangta Pratchaya
Published: April 2024

Background

There is a lack of data regarding the effect of vitamin D supplements in patients with I131-induced hypothyroidism. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplements on muscle function, and the secondary aim was to observe the effect on body composition, insulin resistance, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with I131-induced hypothyroidism.

Methods

In this pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial, patients with I131-induced hypothyroidism on a stable dose of levothyroxine were enrolled and allocated into 2 groups to receive oral vitamin D 20 000 IU weekly or placebo for 24 weeks. Baseline biochemical values, body composition, handgrip strength, the 5 times sit-to-stand test (5TSTS), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and QOL were measured before intervention and after 3 and 6 months in both groups. Mixed model regression analysis was used to compare the outcomes between the 2 groups. Significance was set at P value of < .05.

Results

There were 20 participants in each group. The time taken for 5TSTS in the vitamin D group was significantly lower than the placebo group at 3 (P = .032) and 6 months (P = .006). Other outcomes, including handgrip strength, body composition, HOMA-IR, and QOL, showed no significant difference between the 2 groups.

Conclusion

A supplement of vitamin D2 at 20 000 IU per week for 24 weeks could help improve performance in 5TSTS in patients with I131-induced hypothyroidism.
A Novel Rat Model of Venous Hypertensive Myelopathy Produced by Arteriovenous Bypass Plus Venous Stenosis
Authors: Wang Yinqing , Yang Chengbin , Wang Jiachen , Wei Mengping , Xu Qing , Wang Zhanjing , Tu Tianqi , Fan Yuxiang , Song Zihao , Duan Wanru , Chen Chunmei , Zhang Hongqi , Ma Yongjie
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Venous hypertensive myelopathy (VHM), mainly induced by the spinal dural arteriovenous fistula, is a congestive spinal cord injury that currently has no appropriate animal model available in preclinical research.

METHODS:

Sprague Dawley rats (280-320 g) were used. The rats were divided into 3 groups: (1) Group 1, which underwent renal artery-dorsal spinal venous bypass (AVB group); (2) Group 2, which underwent renal artery-dorsal spinal venous bypass and drainage vein stenosis (AVB/VS group); and (3) Control group, with T13 dorsal vein ligation. The success of the model was assessed using Doppler ultrasound and 7.0-T magnetic resonance imaging. Transmission electron microscopy, histochemistry, proteomics, and western blot analysis were used to evaluate ultrastructural, pathological, and molecular features in the spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

RESULTS:

The success rate of the arteriovenous bypass was 100% at 5 days and 83% at 2 weeks. The locomotor assessment showed decreased lower extremity strength in the AVB/VS group (P = .0067), whereas unremarkable changes were found in the AVB and Control groups. Histochemical staining suggested a 2-fold expansion of the dorsal spinal vein in the AVB/VS group, which was lower than that in the AVB group (P < .05); however, the former displayed greater myelin and neuronal damage (P < .05) and slight dilatation of the central canal (P > .05). Proteomics analysis revealed that the complement and coagulation cascade pathways were upregulated in the CSF of AVB/VS rats, whereas the C3 level was elevated both in the CSF and bilateral spinal cord. Furthermore, overexpression of C3, ITGB2, and CD9 in the spinal cord was confirmed by immunoblotting.

CONCLUSION:

These findings suggest that the AVB/VS model can effectively mimic the clinical and molecular characteristics of VHM. Furthermore, they suggest that impaired deep intramedullary venous drainage is the key reason for the VHM.
Piezo1 and Piezo2 collectively regulate jawbone development
Authors: Nie Xuguang , Abbasi Yasaman , Chung Man-Kyo
Published: April 2024

Piezo1 and Piezo2 are recently reported mechanosensory ion channels that transduce mechanical stimuli from the environment into intracellular biochemical signals in various tissues and organ systems. Here, we show that Piezo1 and Piezo2 display a robust expression during jawbone development. Deletion of Piezo1 in neural crest cells causes jawbone malformations in a small but significant number of mice. We further demonstrate that disruption of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in neural crest cells causes more striking defects in jawbone development than any single knockout, suggesting essential but partially redundant roles of Piezo1 and Piezo2. In addition, we observe defects in other neural crest derivatives such as malformation of the vascular smooth muscle in double knockout mice. Moreover, TUNEL examinations reveal excessive cell death in osteogenic cells of the maxillary and mandibular arches of the double knockout mice, suggesting that Piezo1 and Piezo2 together regulate cell survival during jawbone development. We further demonstrate that Yoda1, a Piezo1 agonist, promotes mineralization in the mandibular arches. Altogether, these data firmly establish that Piezo channels play important roles in regulating jawbone formation and maintenance.
Blood Flow-Restricted Training and Time Trial Performance: A Cohort Study of World-Class Rowers
Authors: THOMPSON KYLE M. A. , PETHICK WENDY A. , CLARKE JORDAN , WINEGARDEN ANNEKE , JOHNSON ELIZABETH , COATES ALEXANDRA M. , STELLINGWERFF TRENT , BURR JAMIE F.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to explore the potential impact of incorporating blood flow restriction (BFR) training within a training block characterized by minimal high-intensity work on 2000-m rowing ergometer time trial (TT) performance in elite/world-class rowers. Physiological markers often associated with endurance performance (maximal aerobic capacity, V̇O2max; blood lactate thresholds and hemoglobin mass, Hbmass) were measured to determine whether changes are related to an improvement in performance.

Methods

Using a quasi-experimental, observational study design (no control group), 2000-m TT performance, V̇O2max, submaximal work rates eliciting blood lactate concentrations of ~2 and ~4 mmol·L−1, and Hbmasswere measured before and after 4 wk of noncompetitive season training, which included BFR rowing. BFR training consisted of 11 sessions of 2 × 10 min of BFR rowing at a workload equating to blood lactate concentrations of ~2 mmol·L−1. Pairedt-tests were used to compare pre-/postvalues, and Pearson correlation was used to examine whether physiological changes were associated with changes to TT performance.

Results

TT performance improved in both female (1.09% ± 1.2%, ~4.6 ± 5.2 s;P< 0.01) and male (1.17% ± 0.48%, ~4.5 ± 1.9 s;P< 0.001) athletes. V̇O2maxincreased in female rowers only (P< 0.01), but both sexes had an increase in work rates eliciting blood lactate concentrations of 2 mmol·L−1(female: 184 ± 16 to 195 ± 15 W,P< 0.01; male: 288 ± 23 to 317 ± 26 W,P= 0.04) and 4 mmol·L−1(female: 217 ± 13 to 227 ± 14 W,P= 0.02; male: 339 ± 43 to 364 ± 39 W,P< 0.01). No changes in Hbmass(both sexes,P= 0.8) were observed. Improvements in TT performance were not related to physiological changes (all correlationsP≥ 0.2).

Conclusions

After 4 wk of training with BFR, the improvement in TT performance was greater than what is typical for this population. Physiological variables improved during this training block but did not explain improved TT performance.
Mortalidade por COVID-19 em um município do Oeste Baiano
Authors: Pedroso Márcia Regina de Oliveira , Carneiro Priscila de Magalhães Oliveira , Ramalho Suelem Demuner , De Oliveira Isabela Lima , Barreto Gabriele de Lima , Teles Bruno Klécius Andrade , Santos Carla Angelica Araújo Alves Silva
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: descrever e analisar os fatores de risco associados aos óbitos por COVID-19 no município de Barreiras-BA. Método: estudo de coorte em que foram analisadas as notificações de casos positivos da doença no período de março de 2020 a dezembro de 2022. As variáveis incluídas foram: sexo, idade, raça/cor, sintomas apresentados e condições de saúde. Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis, foi utilizada Regressão de Poisson, com estimativa do risco relativo. Resultados: Ocorreram 348 óbitos no período analisado, sendo estes mais frequentes em homens (60,6%), idosos (58,9%), pretos/pardos (88,1%). Os principais sintomas apresentados pelos indivíduos que vieram a óbito foram a tosse (67,8%), a dispneia (62,9%) e a febre (53,4%), e as principais comorbidades as doenças cardíacas (39,1%) e o diabetes (21,8%). Foram encontrados como fatores de risco associados à ocorrência do óbito ser do sexo masculino e idoso e ter apresentado sintomas como dispneia e febre, além de apresentar comorbidades como doenças respiratórias, cardíacas, diabetes, renais, imunossupressão, doenças cromossômicas e obesidade (p < 0,05). Ter tido sintomas como dor de garganta, dor de cabeça, coriza e distúrbios olfativos demonstraram menor risco de morte (p < 0,05). Conclusão: O número de mortes ocorridas por COVID-19 foi considerado baixo, com risco maior para homens e idosos e indivíduos com outras doenças prévias. Apresentação de sintomas mais graves, como febre e dispneia, também aumentam o risco de morte.
Biodiesel stability effect on diesel fuel injection equipment
Authors: Σάλτας Ηλίας
Published: April 2024

Αντικείμενο της διατριβής είναι η μελέτη της υποβάθμισης του βιοντίζελ από μεθυλεστέρες λιπαρών οξέων (FAME) λόγω της οξείδωσής του και η δημιουργία επικαθίσεων στο εσωτερικό των εξαρτημάτων συστήματος έγχυσης καυσίμου (FIE) τεχνολογίας κοινού αυλού, όπως οι ηλεκτρομαγνητικοί εγχυτήρες και η αντλία υψηλής πίεσης. Για τον συγκεκριμένο σκοπό, αναπτύχθηκε μια τεχνικά προηγμένη πειραματική διάταξη λειτουργίας του συστήματος έγχυσης η οποία προσομοιώνει με ακρίβεια τις συνθήκες λειτουργίας του συστήματος σε όχημα και είναι ικανή να αναπαράγει τον μηχανισμό δημιουργίας επικαθίσεων στο εσωτερικό των εξαρτημάτων έγχυσης. Η διατριβή εστιάζει στη μελέτη της δημιουργίας επικαθίσεων λόγω πολυμερισμού των προϊόντων δευτερογενούς οξείδωσης. Η οξείδωση περιλαμβάνει αλυσιδωτές αντιδράσεις έναρξης, διάδοσης και τερματισμού. Αρχικά παρατηρείται μείωση της οξειδωτικής σταθερότητας η οποία ακολουθείται από εκθετική αύξηση παραγωγής υπεροξειδίων, η οποία χαρακτηρίζεται από την ανάλυση αριθμού υπεροξειδίων (PON). Tα υπεροξείδια στην συνέχεια διασπώνται και σχηματίζουν προϊόντα δευτερογενούς οξείδωσης τα οποία χαρακτηρίζονται από την ανάλυση συνολικού αριθμού οξύτητας (ΤΑΝ). Πραγματοποιήθηκε πειραματικά η παραμετρική ανάλυση της γήρανσης του βιοντίζελ σε σχέση με την αστοχία του συστήματος έγχυσης από επικαθίσεις. Παρατηρήθηκε πως η αύξηση περιεκτικότητας βιοντίζελ, η αύξηση της θερμοκρασίας στους εγχυτήρες καθώς και η προγήρανση του καυσίμου επιταχύνει τον ρυθμό οξείδωσης και κατά συνέπεια τον ρυθμό σχηματισμού επικαθίσεων. Επιπλέον, παρατηρήθηκε ολική απόφραξη των εγχυτήρων σε χαμηλό φορτίο λειτουργίας. Η χρήση φρέσκου καυσίμου επανάφερε μερικώς τους εγχυτήρες οι οποίοι όμως στην συνέχεια αστόχησαν και πάλι με ταχύτερο ρυθμό. Καύσιμα αγοράς (Β7) με διαφορετική σύσταση μεθυλεστέρων αξιολογήθηκαν συγκριτικά στην διάταξη αναφορικά με την επίδρασή τους στον χρόνο αστοχίας των εγχυτήρων και της αντλίας υψηλής πίεσης. Επιπλέον, πραγματοποιήθηκαν συγκριτικές δοκιμές αστοχίας διαφορετικών συστημάτων έγχυσης τα οποία χρησιμοποιούνται ευρέως σε πετρελαιοκίνητα οχήματα παραγωγής και παρατηρήθηκε διαφορετικός ρυθμός αστοχίας εγχυτήρων για κάθε σύστημα. Η ταχύτητα γήρανσης του καυσίμου και η αστοχία του συστήματος έγχυσης βρέθηκε να σχετίζεται με τον συνολικό αριθμό οξύτητας (ΤΑΝ). Διάφορες εργαστηριακές τεχνικές (FTIR, TGA, GC, SEM/EDS) χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την ανάλυση φρέσκων και γερασμένων καυσίμων καθώς και για τον χαρακτηρισμό των σχηματιζόμενων επικαθίσεων. Τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την ανάπτυξη ενός εμπειρικού μοντέλου που αναπαριστά τις διεργασίες που οδηγούν στην δημιουργία επικαθίσεων λόγω οξείδωσης του καυσίμου. Η διάταξη που αναπτύχθηκε είναι σχεδιασμένη να λειτουργεί σαν μέθοδος αναφοράς για την αξιολόγηση της επίπτωσης τωρινών καθώς και μελλοντικών βιοκαυσίμων.
Pothiti Hantzaroula, Child Survivors of the Holocaust in Greece: Memory, Testimony and Subjectivity
Authors: Mihăilescu Dana
Published: April 2024

This article reviews Pothiti Hantzaroula's Child Survivors of the Holocaust in Greece: Memory, Testimony and Subjectivity (Routledge, 2020). It highlights how Hantzaroula’s book  represents a needed and much welcome addition to the study of child survivors of World War II by offering students and scholars of the Holocaust a comprehensive insight into the specifics of Greece, which can serve as a basis for subsequent comparative or kindred assessments in the case of other Southeastern European countries.
Access to health services and its influence on adherence to treatment of arterial hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Hospital in Callao, Peru: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rivera-Lozada Oriana , Rivera-Lozada Isabel Cristina , Bonilla-Asalde Cesar Antonio
Published: April 2024

Background Access to health services compromises therapeutic adherence in patients with arterial hypertension (HTN), which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of access to health services on adherence to antihypertensive treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We included a cross-sectional analytical study. A survey was applied to 241 hypertensive patients at the Daniel Alcides Carrión Hospital, Callao-Peru. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Absolute and relative frequencies were reported and the chi-square test was applied with a statistical significance level of p<0.05. In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using the Stepwise method. Results Our results show that non-adherence to treatment is associated with health expenses (ORa: 1.9 CI 95% 1.7-2.2), considers the environment clean (ORa: 1.4 IC 95% 1.2-1.8), not receiving care due to lack of a doctor (ORa: 2.8 CI 95% 1.5-3.2), difficult with procedures (ORa: 2.8 IC 95% 1.2-2.8), having difficulty with schedules (ORa: 3.7 CI 95% 2. 3-5.5), fear of receiving care at the hospital (ORa: 4.5 CI 95 % 2.7-6.8), trust in health staff (ORa: 7.5 CI 95% 2.3-10.5) and considering that the physician does not have enough knowledge (ORa: 3.1 CI 95% 2.4-7.8). Conclusion Therapeutic adherence was associated with expenses in the consultation considers the environment clean, not receiving care due to lack of a doctor, difficult with procedures, having difficulty with schedules, fear of receiving care at the hospital, trust in health staff and considering that the physician does not have enough knowledge.
Remote exercise classes are associated with better quality of life in people with Parkinson’s during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Authors: L.M. Collins , Roberts Rachel , Crowley Erin K. , Heaney Maedbh , Lazic Stanley E. , Sullivan Aideen
Published: April 2024

Background The classical hallmarks of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) include motor and non-motor symptoms. People with Parkinson’s (PwP) report that the non-motor symptoms, such as memory problems, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances, have a greater impact on their overall quality of life (QOL). Factors that improve wellbeing for PwP may also lead to improved QOL for their carers. The benefits of exercise in slowing disease decline and improving overall QOL in PwP have been well documented, but online exercise methods have not been extensively studied. Methods Our observational cross-sectional study recruited n=91 PwP and n=23 individuals acting as caregivers, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used online surveys with validated clinical questionnaires, including the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), to assess the impact of different remote online exercise classes on PD symptoms. We also assessed the wellbeing of the PwP’s caregivers using the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire - Carer (PDQ-C) at the same time. Results PwP who exercised daily had better QOL scores (45.67 ± 4.34) compared to PwP who exercised once a week or less (123.50 ± 14.56; p<0.001). Those who undertook daily exercise also had lower depression scores (9.37 ± 1.68) than those who exercised less frequently (23.50 ± 3.65; p=0.002). We also found that people who maintained their exercise regimes during the restrictive lockdown period had better QOL scores, ie. lower PDQ-39 scores, (44.64 ± 5.57) compared to those who decreased their frequency of exercise (76.81 ± 7.75; p=0.001). When we assessed caregivers at this timepoint, we found that these individuals had QOL scores within the normal range. Conclusion Remote exercise classes were associated with lower depression scores and better QOL in PwP. PwP who partook in remote classes during lockdowns maintained physical activity and this had positive impacts on their wellbeing.
FAST a Digital Sales Transformation Software for the Real Estate Industry
Authors: Acosta Victor , Garcia Luis , Pacheco Alex
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, organisations are encountering ever-more challenging demands, and those that do not adapt risk closure. This trend is particularly notable in small and medium-sized enterprises, where deficits in technology adoption are often particularly conspicuous. Companies that succeed in streamlining their sales process are more likely to enjoy better outcomes, underlining the crucial requirement of implementing technical solutions to tackle these problems with optimal efficiency. Therefore, the aim of this investigation is to deploy a web-based system for the purpose of enhancing sales management in a company operating in the field of real estate and construction. The system was constructed utilising Extreme Programming XP methodology, consisting of four phases: planning (user stories), design (system outline), coding (system programming) and testing (testing). The introduction of a web-based system highly streamlined the company’s sales process, reducing information search times by 64% and decreasing time spent on recording sales data by 62%. The system enabled greater sales activity during the day, resulting in a 72% increase in task performance. It also aided the accounting department in streamlining revenue reporting. This demonstrates that the system is an efficient tool for enhancing the sales process, reducing yearly tasks, and minimizing recording time.
Utility of Global Registry of Acute Coronary Event Score (GRACE) and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Score (TIMI Score) in predicting 30-day Mortality in patients undergoing primary angioplasty at a Tertiary care center – A record-based study
Authors: Kamath Padmanabh , Nayak Chaithra , Pai D Dr. Narasimha , Noronha Deepa , S S Neha
Published: April 2024

Background This research work aims to assess the effectiveness of Global Registry Of Coronary Events (GRACE) and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk scores in predicting outcomes for patients who underwent primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). The study included a cohort from a tertiary care centre. Methods This record-based study enrolled 94 patients who underwent primary PCI after a diagnosis of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The data, for this study, was extracted from sources including, medical records. These records contained the computation and documentation of both GRACE and TIMI scores. The study also conducted Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) curve analysis, subsequently yielding the area under the curve alongside a 95% confidence interval, which was duly reported. Results The current study attempts a comparative analysis of the capacities of TIMI and GRACE scores. Accordingly, the study highlights that both are equally effective in predicting 30-day mortality for patients with STEMI. The TIMI Risk Score, with 85% sensitivity and 99% specificity metrics (also p-value = 0.008), and the GRACE Score, with 85% sensitivity and 99% specificity metrics (also p-value = 0.006), exhibit a strong similarity in the prognostic performance. Also, the sensitivity and specificity metrics were obtained after a thorough analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROCC). Conclusions The study utilized the TIMI score which demonstrated a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 99% and the GRACE Score with 85% sensitivity and 99% specificity to predict 30-day mortality in STEMI patients. This included more than one month of observation period. Post observations, the results of the experiment suggested an improvement in the left ventricular functionwhich helped to infer that recovery after primary PCI is gradual rather than an immediate and pronounced recovery.
Case Report: Holistic dental care for a child with Hunter syndrome: Addressing dental ramifications, overcoming challenges, and enhancing quality of life
Authors: Saha Swagata , Priya Krishna , Rai Kavita , R Manju , Shetty Krithika , M Hegde Amitha , Rao K Ananya , Abhijit Tanna Dhvani , S Mohanaram , S Shreya
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Hunter syndrome (MPS II), an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disorder, is a result of deficiency of the iduronate 2-sulfatase enzyme (IDS), leading to cognitive impairment, systemic organ involvement, and increased dental problems. This case report describes the management of a child with Hunter syndrome who was referred to the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry for pain in the upper front teeth. Intraoral examination revealed severe early childhood caries, prompting planning for full-mouth rehabilitation under general anaesthesia due to the child’s uncooperative behaviour. In response to recommendations from the Department of Otolaryngology and the Department of Paediatric Surgery, a comprehensive treatment plan consolidated full-mouth rehabilitation in addition to adenoidectomy and inguinal and umbilical herniotomy procedures during a single session of general anaesthesia. Successful interventions were reflected in the uneventful one-month follow-up of the patient, highlighting the efficacy of the interdisciplinary approach. The key takeaway underscores the importance of collaborative interventions, emphasising singular intubation for patients requiring recurrent hospitalisations, providing both monetary relief and reducing post operative healing time. Designed to address global developmental delay in the child, a personalised home care plan was also implemented. Evaluation of plaque and gingival indices before and after the home care regimen demonstrated a notable improvement, indicating an enhanced oral quality of life.
Influence of deep learning image reconstruction algorithm for reducing radiation dose and image noise compared to iterative reconstruction and filtered back projection for head and chest computed tomography examinations: a systematic review
Authors: Chandran M Obhuli , Pendem Saikiran , P S Priya , Chacko Cijo , - Priyanka , Kadavigere Rajagopal
Published: April 2024

Background The most recent advances in Computed Tomography (CT) image reconstruction technology are Deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithms. Due to drawbacks in Iterative reconstruction (IR) techniques such as negative image texture and nonlinear spatial resolutions, DLIRs are gradually replacing them. However, the potential use of DLIR in Head and Chest CT has to be examined further. Hence, the purpose of the study is to review the influence of DLIR on Radiation dose (RD), Image noise (IN), and outcomes of the studies compared with IR and FBP in Head and Chest CT examinations. Methods We performed a detailed search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase to find the articles reported using DLIR for Head and Chest CT examinations between 2017 to 2023. Data were retrieved from the short-listed studies using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Out of 196 articles searched, 15 articles were included. A total of 1292 sample size was included. 14 articles were rated as high and 1 article as moderate quality. All studies compared DLIR to IR techniques. 5 studies compared DLIR with IR and FBP. The review showed that DLIR improved IQ, and reduced RD and IN for CT Head and Chest examinations. Conclusions DLIR algorithm have demonstrated a noted enhancement in IQ with reduced IN for CT Head and Chest examinations at lower dose compared with IR and FBP. DLIR showed potential for enhancing patient care by reducing radiation risks and increasing diagnostic accuracy.
Incidental findings in development and use of digital health ecosystems for older people
Authors: Kipchoge Tanui Asbel , AHOLAAKKO Teija-Kaisa
Published: April 2024

Healthcare sectors are globally facing challenges delivering services for older people,. Although the implementation of digital technology has brought positive effects on caring older people in their homes, it has also resulted in arising ethical challenges including incidental findings (IF). The purpose of this systematic review is to reveal ethical challenges in the development and use of digital health ecosystems for older people. The objectives are 1) to reveal incidental findings, 2) ethical vulnerabilities and treats for integrity associated with the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI); 3) to analyse ethical management of IF, and 4) to create recommendations for the use and development of digital health ecosystems. Systematic data search was completed in ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Ovid databases. Peer-reviewed full text research articles on ethical guidelines for developing and implementing digital health ecosystems for care of older people published in English between 2012 and 2022 were included. Previously published articles focusing on younger population or other than digital services were excluded. The included thirteen articles were appraised by design specific tools (PRISMA 2009, SANRA, STROBE, CAGSCS). The article texts were analysed and reported thematically. The IF revealed were violation of user autonomy, independence, and privacy during the development and use of the ecosystems; social isolation of the end-user; user unfriendly devices; additional workload to the care providers; technology induced anxiety; and biases and errors in use of the ecosystems. The ethical vulnerabilities and threats to integrity associated with use of AI. Observation and implementation of ethical values were found important in co-creation of ethically conscious ecosystems for older people. Empowering the designers, developers, and healthcare professionals on ethical competencies, and inclusion of the end-users’ preferences in designing of digital health ecosystems were included in the constructed recommendations. This article disseminated within the SHAPES Horizon 2020 project.
The genome sequence of the Bordered Straw, Heliothis peltigera (Denis & Schiffermüller) 1775
Authors: Wawman Denise C. , Crowley Liam M. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: April 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Heliothis peltigera (the Bordered Straw; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 332.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.3 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 17,114 protein coding genes.
Peg Abandonment and Cross-Currency Contagion
Authors: Balke Florian , Barth Andreas , Reichel Arne , Wahrenburg Mark
Published: April 2024

Using a novel data set comprising bid–ask quotes for foreign exchange swaps from individual dealers, we examine the consequences of the Swiss National Bank’s sudden termination of the Swiss franc/euro minimum exchange rate in 2015 on other pegged currencies. Our findings indicate a spillover effect as dealer banks began to reassess the risk associated with unexpected peg terminations, subsequently leading to wider bid–ask spreads for pegged currencies. This highlights that, even in strong economies, the credibility of a currency peg is influenced not only by the actions of the respective central bank but also by the stability of other pegged currencies.

This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01117 .
How digital technologies become embedded in family life across generations: scoping the agenda for researching ‘platformised relationality’
Authors: Erstad Ola , Hegna Kristinn , Livingstone Sonia , Negru-Subtirica Oana , Stoilova Mariya
Published: April 2024

This article advances the unfolding research agenda on families, relationships and societies in the so-called ‘platform society’ by applying both a relational lens and a multigenerational approach. Our scoping review of the multidisciplinary research literature revealed two main themes linking relationality and digital platforms: (1) the intensification of connectedness, especially in relation to intimacy, belonging and care, and (2) power struggles and conflicts in a context of interdependency and vulnerability. The studies identified suggest that relationality is transformed rather than interrupted through the emergence of new platformed practices as well as the reconfiguration of existing ones. Hence we propose an emphasis on ‘platformised relationality’, and call for greater specificity in the analysis of platform affordances in future research on families’ engagement with digital platforms, as well as greater attention to family relationships beyond the often-studied parent–child relationship.
Radical social work in South Africa: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Zimba Zibonele France
Published: April 2024

The social work profession defines itself as one that promotes social change and the liberation of people. In social work practice, there is often a controversy between solving problems and engaging social issues within political, economic and historical realities. The aim of this article is to determine the current landscape of radical social work within the South African context. Findings indicate that radical efforts and responses towards decolonial social work focus on locating social work in social movements, responding to the status quo and confronting neoliberal policies. A radical stance on various issues of gross human rights violations in current affairs must be considered as a critical component of reimagining social work identity in South Africa.
Irradiance uniformity reshaping method for solar simulators based on computer-generated spatial filter films
Authors: Qin Zesheng , Song Jiayong , Xue Changwen , Li Haojie , Ma Chang , Bian Lifeng , Yang Chen
Published: April 2024

Irradiance uniformity is critical to the accuracy of photovoltaic device test results. Therefore, to post-correct the irradiance uniformity inherent in artificial lighting systems, a spatial irradiance filter scheme for film patterns is proposed based on the physical phenomenon of a positively related relationship between inkjet concentration and the transparency of the flexible film. The scheme first establishes the characteristic equation between the irradiance absorption and pattern grayscale values and then generates the spatial filtering pattern by utilizing the light intensity distribution to be calibrated, matrix operations, and bilinear interpolation. To evaluate its performance, an STM32 microprocessor-based irradiance distribution measurement system was developed and used to test and verify single lamp, planar array, and curved surface array light sources. The results reveal that the corrected irradiance uniformity improves by 15.5%, 24.01 %, and 13.11%, all of which achieve the Class A irradiance uniformity of the IEC 60904-9 standard.
Simulation method for multichromatic light spots in mosaic aperture telescopes with large image planes during deployment
Authors: Tang Hongyang , Liao Zhiyuan , Jiang Jisong , Chen Mo , Xian Hao , Li Hua , Liao Sheng
Published: April 2024

In optical systems, diffraction limits significantly impact spot simulations. This study addresses this problem by applying the Fourier transform to calculate spots in imaging systems. Typically, a 1 mm image plane suffices; however, mosaic aperture telescopes with notable wavefront discontinuities require an approximately 10 mm simulation image plane. This necessitates high sampling rates for pupils, posing challenges for conventional methods. Our model overcomes this challenge by leveraging an interpolation technique to align multiwavelength spots on a uniform image plane grid, thus effectively analyzing spot translation and spreading in imaging systems with diffraction limits.
Radiant fluence from ray tracing in optical multipass systems
Authors: Marszałek Mirosław , Affolter Lukas , Kara Oguzhan , Kirch Klaus , Schuhmann Karsten , Zeyen Manuel , Antognini Aldo
Published: April 2024

Optical multipass cells are used in photochemical reactors and laser excitation of weak transitions. In these applications, estimation of the radiation dose in a volume of interest allows us to assess the performance and optimize the design of the cell. We adopt radiant fluence as the figure of merit and employ the radiative transfer equation to derive analytical expressions for average radiant fluence in a given volume of interest. These expressions involve quantities that are either obtained with Monte Carlo ray tracing methods or approximated on the grounds of geometry arguments. Furthermore, we compute the spatial distribution of fluence by applying either of the two methods to individual volume elements in a rectangular voxel grid. Ray tracing is performed with Zemax OpticsStudio 18.9.
Quantification of surface layer turbulence using sensible heat values from energy balance versus aerodynamic methods
Authors: Fiorino Steven , Raut Yogendra , Schmidt Jaclyn , Slabaugh Laura , Fourman Blaine , McCrae Jack , Wilson Benjamin , Bose-Pillai Santasri
Published: April 2024

Surface layer optical turbulence values in the form of the refractive
index structure function C
n
2 are often calculated from surface
layer temperature, moisture, and wind characteristics and compared to
measurements from sonic anemometers, differential temperature sensors,
and imaging systems. A key derived component needed in the surface
layer turbulence calculations is the sensible heat value. Typically,
the sensible heat is calculated using the bulk aerodynamic method that
assumes a certain surface roughness and a friction velocity that
approximates the turbulence drag on temperature and moisture mixing
from the change in the average surface layer vertical wind velocity.
These assumptions/approximations generally only apply in free
convection conditions. To obtain the sensible heat, a more robust
method, which applies when free convection conditions are not
occurring, is via an energy balance method such as the Bowen ratio
method. The use of the Bowen ratio––the ratio of sensible heat flux to
latent heat flux––allows a more direct assessment of the optical
turbulence-driving surface layer sensible heat flux than do more
traditional assessments of surface layer sensible heat flux. This
study compares surface layer C
n
2 values using sensible heat values
from the bulk aerodynamic and energy balance methods to
quantifications from sonic anemometers posted at different heights on
a sensor tower. The research shows that the sensible heat obtained via
the Bowen ratio method provides a simpler, more reliable, and more
accurate way to calculate surface layer C
n
2 values than what is required to make
such calculations from bulk aerodynamic method-obtained
sensible heat.
Stretchable metal–dielectric–metal metasurface for dynamic radiation management
Authors: Pian Sijie , Lu Chengtao , Wang Zhuning , Ma Yaoguang
Published: April 2024

Radiative cooling devices offer passive characteristics and hold significant potential for reducing energy consumption. However, to address changing climate needs, dynamic devices with tunable radiation properties are crucial. Here, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, design for tunable radiative thermal management utilizing a reconfigurable flexible metasurface emitter. By applying biaxial stretching to alter the metasurface’s periodicity, its optical response can be continuously modulated. At ambient temperature, with a stretch ratio of 1.6, the device is predicted to achieve thermal management power modulations of 173W/m2 and 42W/m2 during daytime and nighttime, respectively. This approach holds promise for improving the efficiency of thermal management systems in applications such as buildings and smart windows.
Introduction to the feature issue: Advances in Optical Biosensors for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Iadicicco Agostino , Kim Seunghyun , Tosi Daniele , Marques Carlos
Published: April 2024

The feature issue of Biomedical Optics Express titled “Advances in Optical Biosensors for Biomedical Applications” presents a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge optical biosensor research. With the growing demand for sensitive, label-free, and real-time detection of biological analytes, optical biosensors have emerged as important devices in a wide range of biomedical applications, including medical diagnostics, bioanalysis, and personalised healthcare. This collection of 26 papers highlights recent advances and innovations in the development, design, and implementation of optical biosensors. The feature issue serves as an opportunity for disseminating ground-breaking findings, promoting new ideas, and inspiring further developments in optical biosensors for medical applications. The authors provide breakthrough technology, innovative approaches, and practical clinical applications that have the potential to revolutionize healthcare and biomedical research.