bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kırsal – tarımsal peyzajların korunmasında GIAHS Küresel Öneme Sahip Tarımsal Miras Sistemleri ve Akdeniz Selge örneği
Authors: ATİK Meryem , TAŞKAN Gaye , BALTA Sıla
Published: July 2022

Amaç: İklim değişikliğine uyum ve gıda güvenliği açısından çözüm alanları olmalarıyla öne çıkan kırsal peyzajlar ve özellikle de bu alanlarda bulunan üretim sistemlerini içeren tarımsal peyzajların bir örneğini içeren Selge Antik yerleşimi ve tarım terasları Küresel Öneme Sahip Tarımsal Miras Sistemleri (GIAHS) programı kapsamında incelenmiştir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışma yöntemi GIAHS alanlarının taşıması gereken özellikler ile GIAHS sistemlerinin seçim kriterleri, adaylık süreçleri ve eylem planları ile GIAHS programına dahil olan alanların incelemesine dayanmaktadır. Selge antik tarım terasları kriterlere uygun başlıklar altında değerlendirilmiştir.
Araştırma Bulguları: GIAHS geleneksel tarımsal sistemlerini ve peyzajlarını esas almaktadır ve küresel açıdan sıra dışı geleneksel tarımsal sistemleri için sürdürülebilir gelişmenin korunması öngörülmektedir. Bu nedenle seçim kriterleri adaylık sürecinin en önemli bileşenleri arasındadır. Selge tarım terasları GIAHS’ın esas aldığı geleneksel tarım sistemlerini ve tarımsal peyzajları somut ve somut olmayan değerleriyle birlikte karşılamaktadır.
Sonuç: Selge kentinin GIAHS sistemine dahil olması durumunda kentin özellikle ön plana çıkan geleneksel üretim yöntemleri ve tarım terasları konusunda alınması beklenen önlemler ve getirilen öneriler için destek sağlanmış olacaktır.
Consecuencias de la covid-19 en la economía y las finanzas públicas en México: más allá de la pandemia
Authors: Arellano Morales Mario Alejandro
Published: July 2022

La crisis sanitaria generada por la acelerada propagación en el planeta del virus SARS-CoV2 —fuente de la enfermedad covid-19— ha tenido un impacto negativo inevitable en los sistemas de salud y, simultáneamente, en la dinámica de las economías global, regional y nacional. Los problemas estructurales de la economía mexicana y la estrechez del espacio fiscal no surgieron con la pandemia, se fueron configurando durante las últimas tres décadas mediante la implementación del modelo económico que privilegió las políticas orientadas al mercado y el retiro de la intervención del Estado en la economía, en busca de una supuesta eficiencia en la asignación de los recursos y los factores productivos. En este artículo se analiza el impacto de la covid-19 en la economía y la hacienda pública de México, desde una perspectiva que plantea la existencia previa de las debilidades estructurales de la economía, a fin de buscar mayor dinamismo de la producción, el ingreso, la inversión productiva, la generación de empleo y la productividad laboral. También se plantea que las crisis de salud y económica representan una oportunidad para impulsar un nuevo modelo económico que trascienda las políticas económicas de raíz neoliberal, mediante el diseño y la instrumentación de una política para la transformación y la diversificación productivas, el desarrollo industrial, la innovación, la ciencia y la tecnología. Se busca un nuevo modelo económico que vaya más allá de la pandemia para el desarrollo de capacidades productivas y tecnológicas en el que la política económica no sea un fin para la estabilidad macroeconómica, sino un medio para alcanzar el objetivo central de bienestar social de la población.
Expectativas de inflación de consumidores mexicanos: un análisis sobre su magnitud y sus determinantes, y una intervención experimental para afectarlas
Authors: Campos-Vázquez Raymundo M. , Esquivel Gerardo , Medina Alfonso
Published: July 2022

En contraste con otros países, en México no existe una encuesta para medir numéricamente las expectativas de inflación de los consumidores. En este trabajo se reportan los resultados de la aplicación de un cuestionario simple que pretende obtener una primera aproximación de dichas perspectivas. El ejercicio también busca conseguir información sobre el proceso de formación de expectativas mediante una intervención controlada, así como indagar qué productos influyen más en éstas. Se formaron cuatro grupos de manera aleatoria: tres que recibían información sobre la inflación pasada, presente o esperada, y un grupo de control sin información adicional. En consistencia con la literatura, los resultados muestran que las personas tienen una expectativa de inflación mayor que los especialistas. El experimento también revela que otorgar información sí las afecta y reduce. Finalmente, encontramos que las expectativas de inflación dependen principalmente de productos de consumo cotidiano, como los alimentos.
Latinoamérica es la región con el menor crecimiento de la productividad en el mundo desde las reformas neoliberales. La nueva trampa del ingreso medio: rentas fáciles no generan precisamente élites schumpeterianas
Authors: Palma José Gabriel
Published: July 2022

Lo que caracteriza “la trampa del ingreso medio” en América Latina es la incapaci­dad para rediseñar estrategias productivas cuando las existentes se han agotado. Élites timoratas, acostumbradas a vivir de las rentas fáciles, y Estados neofóbicos se trasforman en el principal obstáculo al cambio. Ya ocurrió durante el periodo sustitutivo, y ahora vuelve a suceder cuando se agota el modelo meramente extractivo en el sur de la región, y el del ensamblaje simple en el Norte. En lugar de reactivar el crecimiento de la productividad agregando valor a las exportaciones primarias y fortaleciendo los encadenamientos “hacia atrás” en lo extractivo en uno, o “profundizando” la manufactura del ensamblaje en el otro —junto con transformar lo “verde” en un nuevo motor del crecimiento de la productividad—, lo que sigue imperando en la región es el “más de lo mismo pero, con suerte, mejor”, predicado por economistas ortodoxos y reforzado por nuevos tratados de “protección” a la inversión. Todo esto nos atrapa en un interregno donde lo viejo se desvanece (pues dio todo lo que podía dar), pero lo nuevo no logra nacer; un escenario que he llamado nuestro “momento gramsciano”. A pesar de una diversidad de nuevos discursos progresistas, en Latinoamérica (como en el Hotel California) continu­amos prisioneros de nuestras propias cadenas, con nuestra imaginación social aún atrapada en las “certezas absolutas” de la todavía hegemónica ideología neoliberal. Es como si la región estuviese en un estado de adicción a una vida empobrecida. Quizá eso fue contra lo que realmente se rebelaron los jóvenes, las mujeres y los pueblos originarios en Chile en el estallido social de octubre de 2019.
Repensar el desarrollo a partir de la igualdad
Authors: Bárcena Alicia
Published: July 2022

El texto hace un recorrido por los algunos de los temas más importantes y las innovaciones conceptuales que ha desarrollado la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) en los últimos años, en los cuales se ahondó en el número 353 de El Trimestre Económico, mediante los artículos presentados. Con base en tales temas y las perspectivas mediante las que se han abordado, se presenta un análisis sobre el estado de la economía y la política económica en Latinoamérica en la actualidad.
Department of veterans affairs post-coronary artery bypass graft patients’ atrial fibrillation: 10-year outcomes
Authors: Quin Jacquelyn A. , Almassi G. Hossein , Collins Joseph F. , Carr Brendan M. , Grover Frederick L. , Shroyer A. Laurie W.
Published: July 2022

Aim: This Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) research project evaluated the impact of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) upon 10-year outcomes for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Methods: Veterans enrolled in the “Randomized On-/Off-pump Bypass” (ROOBY) trial with new-onset POAF post-CABG were compared to those without POAF with respect to 10-year atrial fibrillation (AF) and mortality rates. Multivariable logistic regression examined whether AF was independently associated with 10-year survival after holding other preoperative risk factors constant. Results: Of the 2203 ROOBY veterans enrolled at 18 VA medical centers from 2002 to 2008, 100 patients with preoperative AF (n = 93) or unknown post-CABG POAF status (n = 7) were excluded. The POAF rate was 26.2% (n = 551/2103). The POAF patients were older and had more co-morbidities than the non-POAF patients (n = 1552). The AF rate among 10-year ROOBY POAF survivors was 18.9% (n = 64/338) compared to 5.8% (n = 61/1048) for non-POAF patients; P < 0.001. Compared to non-POAF patients’ 10-year survival of 70%, the ROOBY POAF veterans’ 10-year survival rate was 63%. Baseline risks inversely associated with 10-year survival included age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, serum creatinine > 1.5, peripheral vascular disease, and smoking. Holding these factors constant, POAF was not independently associated with 10-year survival. Conclusion: Post-CABG, ROOBY POAF veterans had higher rates of 10-year AF, which was negatively associated with 10-year survival; however, this association was not significant. Given that POAF may adversely impact 10-year AF rates, additional investigation appears warranted to improve future POAF patients’ care.
Revisional bariatric surgery for chronic complications necessitates custom surgical solutions
Authors: Strong Andrew T. , Guerrón Alfredo Daniel
Published: July 2022

Bariatric surgery continues to grow as a treatment modality for obesity and weight-related comorbidities. The anatomic rearrangement can produce unique anatomic complications, as well as functional problems that are correctible with revisional operations. Understanding the unique subset of complications and the options available for correction can allow surgical solutions to be tailored to both the patient’s anatomy, and the symptoms or pathologies they are targeting. Revisional operations are becoming increasingly common, as the proportion of the general population who have previously undergone bariatric surgery continues to increase. Revisional bariatric operations are associated with an increased risk of complications and longer hospital stays, but in experienced centers can be performed safely, and often using minimally invasive approaches.
Laparoscopic Heller myotomy and robotic Heller myotomy: when is it indicated?
Authors: Patti Marco G. , Schlottmann Francisco , Herbella Fernando A. M.
Published: July 2022

Achalasia is a primary motility disorder of unknown origin. Palliative treatment is often adopted to resolve its symptoms by eliminating the resistance due to a non-relaxing and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. There are three available effective treatment modalities: pneumatic dilation, laparoscopic Heller myotomy with fundoplication, and peroral endoscopic myotomy. In choosing the proper treatment, it is important to remember that the esophagus lacks peristalsis in patients with achalasia. So once the lower esophageal sphincter is eliminated, reflux may occur with the potential of causing reflux symptoms, esophagitis, peptic strictures, Barrett’s esophagus, and cancer. For this reason, we believe that laparoscopic myotomy offers the best chance in most patients of improving esophageal emptying while protecting them from abnormal reflux.
Post-Transcriptional Control in the Regulation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesis
Authors: Peregrina Alexandra , Martins-Lourenço João , Freitas Filomena , M. Reis Maria A. , Arraiano Cecília M.
Published: July 2022

The large production of non-degradable petrol-based plastics has become a major global issue due to its environmental pollution. Biopolymers produced by microorganisms such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are gaining potential as a sustainable alternative, but the high cost associated to their industrial production has been a limiting factor. Post-transcriptional regulation is a key step to control gene expression in changing environments and has been reported to play a major role in numerous cellular processes. However, limited reports are available concerning the regulation of PHA accumulation in bacteria, and many essential regulatory factors still need to be identified. Here, we review studies where the synthesis of PHA has been reported to be regulated at the post-transcriptional level, and we analyze the RNA-mediated networks involved. Finally, we discuss the forthcoming research on riboregulation, synthetic and metabolic engineering which could lead to improved strategies for PHAs synthesis in industrial production, thereby reducing the costs currently associated with this procedure.
Investigation of machine learning models for medical image segmentation
Authors: Belozerov Ilya Andreevich , Sudakov Vladimir Anatolievich
Published: July 2022

On the example of X-ray images of human lungs, the analysis and construction of models of semantic segmentation of computer vision is carried out. The paper explores various approaches to medical image processing, comparing methods for implementing deep learning models and evaluating them. 5 models of neural networks have been developed to perform the segmentation task, implemented using such well-known libraries as: TensorFlow and PyTorch. The model with the best performance can be used to build a system for automatic segmentation of various images of patients and calculate the characteristics of their organs.
Chronology of scientific publication
Authors: Vorobjov Andrey Arturovich , Gorbunov-Possadov Mikhail Mikhailovich , Ermakov Alexey Viktorovitch , Polilova Tatyana Alekseevna , Skornyakova Rimma Yuryevna
Published: July 2022

The purpose and ways of presentation of key dates characterizing individual stages of the life cycle of scientific publication are considered. For the author who plans to publish his work in a particular journal, the most significant dates are the dates of the preliminary stages: reviewing, proofreading, layout, etc. The key date, usually reflected in a bibliographic reference to a published work, is the year of its publication. With the advent of the Internet, alive publications have become widespread. The authors of alive publications constantly keep their work up to date, eliminating the noted inaccuracies and, most importantly, reflecting the latest achievements in the field under consideration. For the reader, the main interest here is the date of posting online of the latest, recent version of the publication.
Special Issue on State-of-the-Art Actuators: Design, Analysis, Control, Materials, Systems, and Applications
Authors: Furutani Katsushi
Published: July 2022

Actuators are components that are essential to the moving, manipulating, or deforming of objects. Historically, conventional electromagnetic motors as well as pneumatic and hydraulic actuators have been developed to sophistication. In the past several decades, however, many other kinds of actuators based on novel principles have also been proposed. These have employed physical or/and chemical effects, such as piezoelectric, electrostatic, or giant magnetostrctive effects, as well as thermal expansion, phase transformation, or ion mobility in polymers. Not only the novel actuators but also conventional ones have been continually evolving in astounding ways. These actuators have been embedded not only in conventional machines but also in smart ones, such as artificial muscles for robots and power assist systems, electric vehicles, and machine tools. By combining the actuators with the Internet of Things (IoT), they are also used to test equipment. In addition, there is no doubt that the technologies involved in the development of novel actuators and the improvement of their efficiency are key to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as actuators currently consume a huge aggregate amount of energy. In sum, actuators have the potential to be central to the development of innovative machines.

This special issue features one review, six research papers, and three technical papers on the most recent advances in various types of actuators. These papers cover topics that include magnetic levitation technologies for precision motion control, electromagnetic motors, fluid power actuators, electrostatic actuators embedded in micro-electromechanical systems, and an ultrasonic motor, plus their applications.

All the papers were refereed through careful peer reviews. I believe that this special issue will help the readers to enhance their understanding and knowledge of actuators and their applications. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the excellent contributions of all the authors, and I appreciate the incisive efforts of reviewers in producing this special issue.
Development of a Sharp-Tipped L-Shaped Stylus for Measurement of Nanoscale Sidewall Features
Authors: Uchiyama Kosuke , Murakami Hiroshi , Katsuki Akio , Sajima Takao ,   The University of Kitakyushu 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan,   Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a system for measuring nanoscale sidewall features using an L-shaped stylus with a sharp tip. By sharpening the tip of the stylus to the nanometer scale, it is possible to measure nanoscale sidewall features. The stylus shaft is deflected when the sharpened stylus tip contacts the measured surface, and this deflection is measured optically. In this study, we develop the fabrication method of an L-shaped sharpened stylus 20 μm in diameter and 4 mm in length by etching, CO2 laser processing, and bonding. Then, the measurement accuracy and repeatability are examined by measuring V-grooves with nanoscale features. The results clarify that the pitch is approximately 0.3 μm, which is almost the same as the value measured using the photographic image, but the depths measured by the styli fabricated by CO2 laser processing and bonding are approximately 0.15 and 0.07 μm, respectively. The depth measured by the stylus fabricated by bonding is smaller than that measured from the image (approximately 0.16 μm), presumably because of the morphological filter. The maximum repeatability errors for 10 measurements using the styli fabricated by CO2 laser processing and bonding are within ±0.056 and ±0.022 μm in scanning mode, respectively. It is also confirmed that the stylus tip exhibits minimal wear even after 500 measurements.
Los programas de desarrollo rural en los municipios ribereños del canal de Castilla: su impacto en la evolución de la población (2000–2020)
Authors: Fernández Portela Julio , Martín Roda Eva M.
Published: July 2022

El medio rural de Castilla y León cuenta con problemas estructurales que se han intensificado desde mediados del siglo XX. La mayoría de los municipios se han visto beneficiados, a lo largo de las últimas décadas, de una serie de iniciativas de desarrollo que pretenden mejorar su situación socioeconómica. El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en determinar los efectos que han tenido los diversos programas de desarrollo rural en la evolución de la población y en la estructura por edad de los municipios ribereños del canal de Castilla entre los años 2000-2020. Para ello, se han consultado las iniciativas de desarrollo relacionadas con el canal de Castilla, y para la parte demográfica los datos del INE. Mediante un SIG, se ha realizado la cartografía correspondiente. A pesar de los programas puestos en marcha, y del dinero invertido en este territorio, no se ha conseguido revertir el descenso demográfico ni el progresivo envejecimiento en el que se encuentran la mayoría de estos municipios. Tan solo, los municipios del área metropolitana de Valladolid y de la aglomeración urbana de Palencia, han experimentado una dinámica positiva gracias a la influencia que ejercen en ellos las dos capitales provinciales.
Further exploration of the Verkhnechonskoye field of technical groundwater: new research methods and results
Authors: Tenyakov E. O. , Saveliev E. A. , Danilova M. A.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the research is to refine a geological model of the Verkhnechonsk field of technical groundwater (Eastern Siberia, Russia), reassess groundwater reserves by the industrial category and form a geofiltration model. The article deals with the main approaches used in conducting of field and desk researches. It also introduces the organization experience of large-scale pilot filtration work under time- and personnel-limited conditions at a large operating field. The work is based on the results of long-term regime observations, field experimental and filtration works carried out in 2019- 2020. It uses the information of a geological database on the water and oil intake facility of wells, including a complex of borehole studies, as well as the data on the geological and hydrogeological structure of the field according to archival and published sources. Visual ModFlow Flex software was used to create a geofiltration model. Having conducted and interpreted the works, the justification of a natural hydrogeological model different from the one adopted earlier was performed. Thus, the relationship of two water-bearing complexes – the Verkholensky-Ilginsky complex of the Upper-Middle Cambrian age and the Litvintsevsky complex of the Lower-Middle Cambrian age was proved. The works in the Visual ModFlow Flex resulted in the creation of a geofiltration model, which correlates well with the actual data, allows to identify impenetrable barriers, as well as predicts the geomigration of hydrogen sulfide. It is the first time that the underground water reserves of the field were included in the State balance sheet in full-scale according to the industrial category B. The reassessment was performed for three sites of the field, well loads were adjusted for optimal operation of water intakes. The obtained results of the conducted research imply that the use of geofiltration model is reasonable in the fields of complex geological structure and this model can be used on a permanent basis for monitoring and adjusting of the development mode. The organization experience of works at a large operating oil field can also be useful under the reserve reassessment at analogous fields.
Engineering-geological assessment of rocky soils based on the analysis of the collection of Albazinskoye deposit samples
Authors: Ryashchenko T. G. , Maslov E. A. , Bryzhak E. V. , Kornilova T. A. , Vashestyuk Y. V. , Bolotnev A. Yu.
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the engineering-geological assessment of the rocky soils of the Albazinskoye deposit located in the north of the Khabarovsk Territory, Russia conducted on the example of the analysis of the collection of samples of various petrographic types of certain geological formations. The purpose of the research is to implement a specially developed complex methodological scheme including an optical method (analysis of thin rock sections), measurement of seismic (surface and through sounding of samples to determine longitudinal seismic wave velocity), strength (vertical compression and tension) and physical (density and water absorption) properties. Using the obtained data, a comparative analysis of samples is performed based on the results of seismic, strength and physical properties taking into account petrographic information. Anisotropy in terms of seismic and strength properties is established. Using a cluster analysis program, the correlation coefficients between property indicators are determined. On example of the materials of the collection, it is shown that the differences in the velocity of longitudinal seismic waves and strength are determined by the textural-structural features and composition of rocky soils, which are studied at the micro level.
Monetary policy during the wartime: How to ensure macroeconomic stability
Authors: Danylyshyn Bohdan , Bohdan Ivan
Published: July 2022

In peacetime, the main contribution of monetary policy to macroeconomic stability is to ensure the stability of price dynamics through regulating money supply. During the war, the market principles of the economy and the formation of its prices are violated, monetary transmission mechanisms do not work adequately, the role of the state in ensuring the proper functioning of commodity-money relations increases. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to generalize approaches to the formulation of monetary policy during the wartime and to substantiate the relevant recommendations for contemporary situation in Ukraine. Theoretical sources, advisory and research materials of international organizations and national macroeconomic regulators, statistical databases were used to achieve the stated aim. The generally accepted principle of modifying monetary policy during the wartime is the use by the central bank of instruments that expand the money supply – purchasing assets on the open market, outright purchase of government bonds on the primary market, special targeted refinancing of credit institutions. The paper suggest the design of the monetary regime of the war period, which provides for the modification of such aspects of the central bank performance as the target of monetary policy, the composition of interest rates on basic operations of the central bank, foreign exchange market regulation and regulation of capital flows, the relationships of the central bank and fiscal authority. It is argued that in the conditions of military economy, the main contribution of monetary policy to macroeconomic stability is achieved through ensuring the stable functioning of the government borrowing market and controlling capital flows.
Financial literacy and business risk-taking among business start-up students in Nigeria
Authors: Adewumi Samson
Published: July 2022

Low business outlook due to poor financial decisions among students has continued to attract interest of financial educators and professionals. Previous studies have interrogated financial literacy with sparse attention given to business risk-taking among students’ start-ups in Nigeria. This research gap forms the basis of this study. The aim of this paper is the interrogation of financial knowledge and financial behavior as a lever for business risk-taking among start-up students of the University of Lagos, Nigeria. The philosophical perspective drew insight from the positivist approach with a random sampling of 145 final-year students selected from the departments of Business Administration, Accounting and Employment, and Labour Relations of the Faculty of Management Sciences. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Bartlett’s test were conducted to determine sample adequacy. Regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The results show that financial knowledge and behavior of start-ups revealed a high propensity to be engaged in business risk-taking (β = .407, t (511) = 7.556, p < 0.05; β = .412, t (1.511) = 7.525, p < 0.05) with males showing more financial literacy understanding for business risk than females (β = .591, t (2;510) = 4.381, p < 0.05; β = .280, t (2;510) = 2.217, p = 0.262) respectively. The findings show the need for the continuous development of students’ start-up behavioral and attitudinal disposition, especially females in becoming more financial literate for appropriate financial decision-making in business risk-taking and venture creation. Acknowledgments The author acknowledges and appreciates all students who participated in this study.
Entre a Regra e a Exceção: O Paradoxo do Dever Ser da Penitência e a ADPF 347
Authors: Félix Diogo Valério , Ávila Gustavo Noronha de
Published: July 2022

A problematização a respeito da ADPF 347, em particular da declaração do “estado de coisas inconstitucionais” (ECI), exige uma crítica, em termos de reflexão, a partir da matriz positivista dos direitos da personalidade, e a problematização traçada por Giorgio Agamben quanto ao estado de exceção, na medida em que, não só o encarceramento em massa, mas as próprias condições do encarcerado – o preso – revelam a possibilidade da suspensão/expropriação de seus direitos, sobretudo, dos direitos de personalidade. Dentro dessa perspectiva, acompanhando, também, a leitura da Michel Foucault, o presente estudo apresenta, como objeto de investigação, por intermédio do método hipotético-dedutivo, as condições do paradoxo em que se reconhece a inconstitucionalidade da condição do encarcerado, e, ao mesmo tempo, se reproduz essa sistemática da promoção do encarceramento em massa pela forma da exceção, como resultado da operação do direito e da política via dispositivo excepcional de captura.
Liberdade de expressão, racismo e injúria racial
Authors: Havir Stéphanie , Rêgo Carolina Noura de Moraes
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho é fruto de estudo bibliográfico e jurisprudencial acerca da ponderação entre princípios e direitos constitucionalmente consagrados no Brasil, sobretudo os atinentes à dignidade da pessoa humana, à igualdade e à liberdade de expressão, perpassando pelas três primeiras dimensões de direitos reconhecidas pela doutrina clássica. Através da análise teórica em cotejo com situações recentes no cenário nacional que foram levadas à julgamento pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, busca-se colocar em debate os limites e as garantias aos direitos fundamentais através da atuação negativa e positiva do Estado, culminando na identificação do discurso de ódio como pedra de toque a balizar o ponto de equilíbrio de tais relações, sem pretender, contudo, esgotar o tema.
Clinical case of non-immune hydrops in a preterm infant with IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at birth
Authors: Bets Olga G. , Khmelevskaya Irina G. , Seriozhkina Alexandra V. , Bulka Anna A. , Khodulapova Lyubov G. , Yavlyanskaya Olga S.
Published: July 2022

Non-immune hydrops of the fetus is a heterogeneous pathology, which is accompanied by excessive accumulation of fluid in two or more serous cavities (pericardial cavity, abdominal cavity, pleural cavity) and fetal tissues in the absence of signs of immune sensitization. This pathology in most cases leads to high mortality in both the antenatal and postnatal periods. The incidence of this disease ranges from 0.05 to 5%. Perinatal mortality in nonimmune hydrops fetalis accounts for about 80%, but with the manifestation of the disease in the early stages of pregnancy, the frequency of deaths is already about 95%. Most often, fetal death occurs due to severe heart failure and hypoxia. The most common causes of the development of nonimmune hydrops fetalis are: chromosomal abnormalities, pathology of the cardiovascular system and infectious diseases. Due to the emergence of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, the question arises how the SARS-CoV-2 virus affects the course and outcome of pregnancy, as well as what effect it has on fetal development. And is it possible to assume that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be attributed to the etiological factor of the occurrence of nonimmune hydrops fetalis. The article describes a clinical case of non-immune hydrops in a premature baby with a burdened obstetric and gynecological history against the background of COVID-19 during pregnancy, a severe course of the neonatal period. The review of current literature data on the pathogenesis, classification and features of clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of such newborns is carried out.
The relationship of alveolar-bronchiolar disorders with the level of interleukin-20 in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Bondar Stanislav S. , Terekhov Igor V. , Parfenyuk Vladimir K. , Bondar Nelli V.
Published: July 2022

Objective is to study the relationship between clinical, laboratory and radiological manifestations of alveolar-bronchiolar dysfunction with the production of interleukin-20 in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Materials and methods. We examined 60 patients of both sexes aged 18 to 45 years with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia in the first 3 days of the disease, as well as 15 practically healthy individuals. The material of the study was venous blood, in the serum of which the concentration of interleukins (IL) was determined: IL-1β, -2, -4, -8, -10, -17A, -20, -28A, -33, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interferon-gamma (IFNγ), Clara cell protein (CCP), surfactant protein D (SP-D), prostacyclin (PgI2), soluble form of the Fas-receptor (sFas), and its ligand (sFasL), leukotriene D4 (LTD4), thromboxane A2 (TA2). Results. The development of pneumonia is accompanied by an increase in the production of the studied mediators, which is more pronounced in patients with a severe course of the disease. An increase in the concentration of IL-20 from the minimum to the maximum level is accompanied by a significant proportional decrease in the concentration of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-33, TA2, LTD4, Fas, FasL. A high level of IL-20 was associated with a decrease in the concentration of CCP, indicating a weakening of the alveolar-bronchiolar dysfunction and a decrease in the intensity of the inflammatory reaction in the lung tissue. It was also found that a high level of IL-20 was associated with increased production of PgI2, IFNγ, IL-1RA, IL-17A, IL-8, IL-4, IL-28A, IL-10, SLPI. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the important role of IL-20 in the development of inflammation of the lower respiratory tract, which consists in regulating the activity of the acute phase response, modulating the production of prostacyclin and leukotrienes, determining the limitation of alveolar-bronchiolar dysfunction in patients with pneumonia, as well as the restriction of proapoptogenic influences that determine the decrease in volumes. tissue and cellular damage in such patients.
Functional and clinical morphology of Virchow-Robin spaces: from the discovery up to the newest theories
Authors: Dolzhikov Aleksandr A. , Shevchenko Ol’ga A. , Pobeda Anna S. , Dolzhikova Irina N.
Published: July 2022

Morphology of cerebrospinal fluid flow structures in CNS is an important and complex area of research and is associated with the problems of metabolites transport, including pathological ones in neurodegenerative pathology, e.g., Alzheimer's disease. Since Virchow and Robin first described the perivascular spaces in the 19th century, their role in the transport of cerebrospinal fluid and intracerebral metabolites has been established. On the grounds of the 20th century studies, a modern theory of intracerebral liquor transport of metabolites, the glymphatic system theory, has emerged, creating the basis for new areas of treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The article presents an overview of the history of description and study of CNS perivascular transport pathways, terminology issues and clinical problems such as amyloid transport and its disruption as a mechanism of Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma. We present our own descriptive data on the morphology of the perivascular spaces (PVS) of the rat brain in normal and simulated glaucoma-like increases in intraocular pressure. Structures corresponding to perivascular spaces (PVS) in their original description are present in the rat brain along arteries and arterioles. They are represented by intervals between the medium and adventitia, in the adventitia, and between the adventitia and the inner pial fibrous layers. At the level of capillaries they are closed. In the venous link there are only paravenular spaces between the vascular wall and glial boundary membrane. Periarterial-like leptomeningeal structures and spaces are absent. In glaucoma-like experimental increase in intraocular pressure, the periarterial spaces respond with expansion, and in addition to them, intermyocyte spaces are formed in the medium On the basis of glymphatic theory we propose the possibility of regulation of intracerebral metabolic transport and hydrodynamic system”eye - optic nerve -brain” via vascular mechanisms of perivascular transport.
Plant sterols and stanols that lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Authors: Fedotova Victoria V.
Published: July 2022

Objective: analyze and evaluate scientific literature data on the need for the use of plant sterols and stanols for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in order to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Materials and methods. The article summarizes the information of scientific publications in the journals of search systems PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, as well as library databases (eLibrary). Results. Phytosterols (phytosterols), phytostanols, are lipid-like compounds found in foods of plant origin. Their structure is similar to cholesterol and therefore they successfully compete with it for absorption in the intestine, thus reducing the flow of cholesterol into the bloodstream. As a result of this therapy for hypercholesterolemia, the risk of coronary heart disease is reduced. The factors influencing the efficacy of sterols/stanols and ways to improve therapy with their use are discussed in the review. The effect of stanols on the immune system is also presented. Conclusion. Food products enriched with sterols and stanols (yoghurt, kefir, milk, spreads, etc.) are promising tools in the complex of non-medicinal measures to reduce LDL cholesterol levels, an established risk factor for CHD, and their introduction into the diet will contribute to the prevention of CHD among the Russian population.
Monitoring the exposure and emissions of antibiotic resistance: Co-occurrence of antibiotics and resistance genes in wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Steenbeek Ruud , Timmers Peer H. A. , van der Linde Danielle , Hup Kay , Hornstra Luc , Been Frederic
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new momentum to ‘wastewater-based epidemiology’ (WBE). This approach can be applied to monitor the levels of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), which in terms are used to make inferences about the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human settlements. However, there is still little information about temporal variability in ARG levels measured in wastewater streams and how these influence the inferences made about the occurrence of AMR in communities. The goal of this study was hence to gain insights into the variability in ARG levels measured in the influent and effluent of two wastewater treatment plants in The Netherlands and link these to levels of antibiotic residues measured in the same samples. Eleven antibiotics were detected, together with all selected ARGs, except for VanB. Among the measured antibiotics, significant positive correlations (p > 0.70) with the corresponding resistance genes and some non-corresponding ARGs were found. Mass loads varied up to a factor of 35 between days and in concomitance with rainfall. Adequate sampling schemes need to be designed to ensure that conclusions are drawn from valid and representative data. Additionally, we advocate for the use of mass loads to interpret levels of AMR measured in wastewater.
Possibility of a case of pneumonia caused by green tea contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and countermeasures against it
Authors: Oie Shigeharu , Kawai Shinya
Published: July 2022

We report a patient who developed pneumonia after prolonged use of spray bottle containing green tea for hydration purposes. The cause was suspected to be a contamination of green tea because the patient's symptoms persisted and did not improve until stopping the use of the spray bottle and we also found the green tea in the spray bottle to harbor a high number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.2 × 107 colony forming units (cfu)/mL). It is not uncommon to use green tea for hydration or gargling purposes in some patient care settings considering the antibacterial effects of catechins contained in green tea. Our findings suggest the importance of keeping vigilance on consuming green tea in spray bottles in hospital settings since it may readily be contaminated by pathogens such as P. aeruginosa.
Landslide susceptibility modelling in Nyahode and Buzi sub-catchments of Zimbabwe
Authors: Muchaka Forgiveness Abraham , Gumindoga Webster , Meck Lydia Maideyi , Gwitira Isaiah
Published: July 2022

Landslides are natural hazards that have different susceptibility across landsurface terrains and are mostly triggered by high rainfall intensity. Cyclone Idai, which affected the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe in 2019, resulted in at least 634 deaths, and over 300 missing people due to landslides and floods, necessitating investigations to understand hydrometeorological hazards in the area. This study aimed at modelling landslide susceptibility using field and remote sensing data in Nyahode and Buzi sub-catchments. The mapped landslide inventory was used in the building and validation of the landslide susceptibility model. A geostatistical approach was used for landslide susceptibility model building with 11 landslide conditioning factors: slope degree, slope aspect, altitude, lithology, land use/land cover, distance from the river, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, topographic wetness Index, and soil clay content, soil sand content, and soil silt content. The landslide susceptibility map was categorized into four classes, namely low, moderate, high, and very high. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve used to validate obtained landslide susceptibility. Results show a frequency success rate of 0.85 and a frequency predictive rate of 0.82 indicating a very good accuracy in the identification of landslide susceptibility areas. The utilized method provides affordable, faster, practical, and more reliable results useful in land use planning, water resources, and disaster risk management as well as catchment protection actions to reduce the impact of landslide hazards.
Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient water treatment method for various sewage:- A review
Authors: Song Yongxing , Hou Ruijie , Zhang Weibin , Liu Jingting
Published: July 2022

With the development of industry and the rapid growth of population, the current water treatment technologies face many challenges. Hydrodynamic cavitation as a green and efficient means of water treatment has attracted much attention. During the hydrodynamic cavitation, enormous energy could be released into the surrounding liquid which causes thermal effects (local hotspots with 4600 K), mechanical effects (pressures of 1500 bar) and chemical effects (hydroxyl radicals). These conditions can degrade bacteria and organic substance in sewage. Moreover, the combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and other water treatment methods can produce a coupling effect. In this review, we summarize the methods of hydrodynamic cavitation and the performance of water treatment for different types of sewage. The application of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors with different structures in water treatment are also evaluated and discussed. The design and optimization of high-performance hydrodynamic cavitation reactor are the most crucial issues for the application of hydrodynamic cavitation in water treatment. Finally, recommendations are provided for the future progress of hydrodynamic cavitation for water treatment.
The Role of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Reduction of Mortality from
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Lian Tingting
Published: July 2022

Background:

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. However, exact role of these inhibitors particularly in the reduction of mortality of non-small cell lung cancer is unclear so far. As a result, we used RevMan 5 to conduct a meta-analysis of accessible data from randomised clinical trials.

Methods:

The studies were categorised based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria after being collected from PubMed using appropriate MeSH terms. The fixed or random effect model was used based on heterogeneity among studies. The overall estimate was estimated as an odd ratio with a confidence interval of 95 %. The heterogeneity among studies was calculated by I2 and Cochrane Q test. The qualitative analysis of publication bias was done using funnel plot.

Results:

The overall estimate measures [OR 1.02 (0.83, 1.25)] have shown non-significant role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in reduction of deaths of non-small cell lung cancer patients as compared to non-tyrosine kinase inhibitors group. The subgroup analysis of individual tyrosine kinase inhibitors (erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, osimertinib and vandetanib) has also shown similar kind of findings.

Conclusion:

Based on available data, there is no significant role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the reduction of deaths of non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: A Paradigm Shift in Big Data-Driven Drug Design and Discovery
Authors: Pasrija Purvashi , Jha Prakash , Upadhyaya Pruthvi , Khan Mohd. Shoaib , Chopra Madhu
Published: July 2022

Background:

The lengthy and expensive process of developing a novel medicine often takes many years and entails a significant financial burden due to its poor success rate. Furthermore, the processing and analysis of quickly expanding massive data necessitate the use of cutting-edge methodologies. As a result, Artificial Intelligence-driven methods that have been shown to improve the efficiency and accuracy of drug discovery have grown in favor.

Objective:

The goal of this thorough analysis is to provide an overview of the drug discovery and development timeline, various approaches to drug design, and the use of Artificial Intelligence in many aspects of drug discovery.

Methods:

Traditional drug development approaches and their disadvantages have been explored in this paper, followed by an introduction to AI-based technology. Also, advanced methods used in Machine Learning and Deep Learning are examined in detail. A few examples of big data research that has transformed the field of medication discovery have also been presented. Also covered are the many databases, toolkits, and software available for constructing Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning models, as well as some standard model evaluation parameters. Finally, recent advances and uses of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in drug discovery are thoroughly examined, along with their limitations and future potential.

Conclusion:

Artificial Intelligence-based technologies enhance decision-making by utilizing the abundantly available high-quality data, thereby reducing the time and cost involved in the process. We anticipate that this review would be useful to researchers interested in Artificial Intelligence-based drug development.
Current Updates in the Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure with a
Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Dahal Ranjan , Nickel Nils , Mukherjee Debabrata , Alkhateeb Haider
Published: July 2022

Background:

Heart failure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With improved longevity, the incidence and prevalence of heart failure continue to rise with an estimated prevalence of around 26 million worldwide. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) constitutes around 50% of the total heart failure cases and is the most common cause of heart failure in the elderly population. The cost of heart failure care continues to rise with care for heart failure hospitalization taking the major bulk. The cost was around 30 billion in the US in 2012 and is projected to reach 70 billion by 2030.

Objective:

This study aims to provide updated pharmacotherapy of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods:

We performed a comprehensive literature review to examine the available pharmacotherapeutics in the management of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction using online databases (PubMed and Embase).

Results:

We reviewed multiple studies examining pharmacotherapeutics in the management of HFpEF and reducing heart failure hospitalizations in this cohort. Until recently, our management mainly focused on aggressively managing diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease anticipating improving the outcome. Beta-blockers, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, sildenafil, digoxin, vericiguat, praliciguat, and Ivabradine did not improve heart failure hospitalization in this cohort.

Conclusion:

EMPEROR-PRESERVED (Empagliflozin) and PRESERVED-HF (Dapagliflozin) results in the management of HFpEF look promising irrespective of diabetes status. Sacubitril-valsartan and Empagliflozon are the only medications approved for its management as per the PARAGON-HF and EMPEROR-PRESERVED studies respectively.