bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multiscale Pyramid Model of Cardinal Directions for Different Scenarios
Authors: Tang Xuehua , Kwan Mei‐Po , Yu Yang , Xie Linxuan , Qin Kun , Zhang Tong
Published: February 2025

As a crucial spatial constraint, directional relationships play an essential role in advanced spatial queries, spatial reasoning, image analysis, spatial indexing, and a variety of other applications. This paper concentrates on spatial cognitive tendencies and multiscale formal frameworks of directional associations within diverse contexts. We develop a multiscale pyramid cardinal direction model to fulfill the expression requirements in various application scenarios. The pyramid model integrates and extends existing models, thereby constructing a multiscale directional model that is suitable for spatial objects of different geometric types and varying expression accuracy demands. Firstly, it extends the direction‐relation model of reference point by increasing the division from the basic directional tiles to segmentation directional tiles, thus enhancing the accuracy of qualitative directional description. Based on the reference point model, two layers of models for extended objects are further constructed, namely the nontopological overall matrix model and the topological local matrix model. The overall matrix model evolves the directional relations matrix to the segmentation directional matrix. It regards the reference line/polygon as a whole and constructs directional tiles with two levels of expressiveness. The local matrix model, based on topological references, conducts topological partitioning and directional tile partition for the minimum bounding rectangle region, addressing the expression of directional relations under complex topological relations. Simultaneously, the pyramid model constructs two types of models: qualitative and statistical matrices, catering to the needs of spatial similarity evaluation. Notably, the new model establishes flexible conversion channels between different scale models, enabling the model to enhance expression precision while ensuring computational speed and efficiency. The experimental results validate the higher accuracy of the new model and its feasibility across various scale application scenarios.
Defining the heterogeneous composition of Arabidopsis thylakoid membrane
Authors: Trotta Andrea , Gunell Sanna , Bajwa Azfar Ali , Paakkarinen Virpi , Fujii Hiroaki , Aro Eva‐Mari
Published: February 2025

Thylakoid membrane (TM) of land plants is organized into an appressed domain (grana), enriched in photosystem (PS) II and a non‐appressed domain (stroma lamellae) enriched in PSI. This ultrastructure controls the exciton spillover from PSII to PSI. The bulky machinery required for the biogenesis and repair of TM protein complexes is located in the non‐appressed membranes. Thus, the connecting domain (CD) between grana and stroma lamellae is the key player in both the structural and functional integrity of the photosynthetic machinery. In addition, both the grana domain and the stroma lamellae are highly curved at their edges due to the action of the CURVATURE1 (CURT1) proteins, forming a domain distinct from the CD, called the curvature. Here we elucidate the biochemical properties and proteome composition of different thylakoid domains. To this end, the TM of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), isolated both in the natural stacked configuration and in an artificially unstacked configuration to induce a homogeneous protein composition, was solubilized and fractionated, using the mild detergent digitonin (DIG). Using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics, we characterize composition, distribution and interaction of proteins involved in TM function in grana, CD and stroma lamellae domains. We find that a subset of thylakoid protein complexes are readily solubilized into small vesicles by DIG and accumulate in a loose pellet (LP) together with CURT1. By combining an extensive biochemical and proteome characterization of the TM fractions we provide an optimized protocol and proteome maps that can be used as a basis for experimental design in photosynthesis research.
Genetic background of anti‐CD99 producers in Japan and analysis of hemolytic transfusion reactions due to anti‐CD99
Authors: Watanabe‐Okochi Naoko , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Kumamoto Makoto , Tanaka Sho , Nakazono Tomoko , Ichinomiya Kuninori , Suzuki Yumi , Ogasawara Kenichi , Uchikawa Makoto , Naganuma Shinichi , Hayashi Sumie , Igarashi Hiroyuki , Tsuno Nelson‐Hirokazu , Muroi Kazuo
Published: February 2025

Background

The XG blood group system comprises two antigens, Xga and CD99. CD99 is known to be carried on both the X and Y chromosomes in pseudoautosomal region 1. We identified five unrelated Japanese individuals with anti‐CD99 and investigated their genomic background as well as the clinical significance of anti‐CD99.

Study Design and Methods

Analysis of CD99 expression on RBCs and a modified monocyte monolayer assay was performed using flow cytometry. Genomic DNA was obtained from the five anti‐CD99 producers to identify the deleted region responsible for the lack of CD99, and we conducted a long polymerase chain reaction using primer pairs specific for CD99 and GYG2.

Results

CD99 expression from the Y chromosome was higher than that from the X chromosome. The five anti‐CD99 plasma samples gave varied agglutination strengths with the red blood cells (RBCs) expressing high and low CD99 levels, in the antiglobulin test. The phagocytosis rate of anti‐CD99‐sensitized RBCs was 76.6% in one case indicating a risk of hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR), and it correlated with the level of CD99 expression. The deleted region spanned 115 kb, from CD99 exon 3 to GYG2 exon 1. All five anti‐CD99 producers were homozygous for the large deletion allele.

Discussion

All five anti‐CD99 producers were females with a history of pregnancy in Kyushu, Japan, and this deletion allele may thus be endemic. Our results indicated the possibility of HTR due to anti‐CD99, and the risk is low when transfusing RBC products from Xg(a‐) females with a low expression of CD99.
Fork in the road: therapeutic and pathological actions for fibro‐adipogenic progenitors following musculoskeletal injury
Authors: Owen Allison M. , Gonzalez‐Velez Sara , Keeble Alexander R. , Thomas Nicholas T. , Fry Christopher S.
Published: February 2025

Musculoskeletal injuries are a substantial source of global disability through weakness and loss of function, which can be attributable, in part, to deficits in skeletal muscle quality. Poor muscle quality, resulting from fibrotic pathology or fatty infiltration, strongly predicts lower rates of patient recovery following injury and higher rates of re‐injury. The cellular sources of fibrosis and fatty infiltration within skeletal muscle are mesenchymal fibro‐adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), which are central effectors to support muscle homeostasis, regeneration and growth. However, following acute or chronic musculoskeletal injury, FAPs can promote fibro/fatty pathology within muscle that is likely to limit recovery and repair. Given their indispensable role within skeletal muscle, FAPs have emerged as a compelling cellular target to promote tissue recovery following acute and chronic injury. This review provides insight into the aetiology of FAP activity following various musculoskeletal injuries, in addition to signalling components that effect FAP differentiation. Contrasting pathology with therapeutic potential, insight into disease‐ and injury‐specific FAP activation further cements their role as crucial effectors to improve muscle function and enhance patient outcomes.

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Using image analysis techniques for dust detection over photovoltaic panels
Authors: Funes Gustavo , Peters Eduardo , Delpiano José
Published: February 2025

It is widely known that photovoltaic technology has been massively distributed over the last decade, despite its low efficiency ratio. Dust deposition reduces this efficiency even more lowering the energy production and reducing module performance. In this work, we developed an artificial vision algorithm based on CIELAB color space to identify dust over panels in an automatic way. The proposed algorithm uses a series of images of soiled panels, and creates a simulation with known soiling coefficient to compare with the real ones. The results prove satisfactory with a maximum error of approximately 4.14% with respect to visual inspection and a resolution of 4.4%. The algorithm is independent of training and uses the soiling over the panel to create the simulation for that reason it could be valid at any location.
Does Sport Bring Different Racial/Ethnic Groups Together? Examining U.S. Adults’ Beliefs and the Impact of Youth and Adult Sport Experiences
Authors: Warner Mariah K. , Knoester Chris
Published: February 2025

This study uses National Sports and Society Survey (N = 3,993) data and regression analyses to investigate the racial/ethnic diversity of sport participation experiences, perceptions of the impact of one’s athletic experiences, and beliefs about the effectiveness of sports in bringing different racial/ethnic groups together. We find that people overwhelmingly believe that sports bring different racial/ethnic groups together. Also, most individuals believe that their athletic experiences improved their understanding of people of other races and backgrounds. Although racial/ethnic diversity in sport seems to matter, subjective perceptions of the effects of one’s athletic experiences on understanding people of other races and backgrounds are more closely connected to one’s general beliefs about sports bringing different racial/ethnic groups together.
Ureterohydronephrosis due to a menstrual cup
Authors: Prip Clara Maarup , Jakobsen Lotte Kaasgaard
Published: February 2025

Menstrual cups are increasingly used to control menstrual bleeding. Complication rates are sparsely described, but some serious complications have been reported. We present a rare case of ureterohydronephrosis due to a menstrual cup. A woman in her 30s presented with intermittent flank pain and occasional haematuria. CT urography showed a menstrual cup placed in the right side of the vagina in close proximity to the ureteral ostium together with ureterohydronephrosis. After removal of the menstrual cup, there was a complete regression of symptoms and ultrasonic regression of the ureterohydronephrosis. More awareness should be made, both among menstrual cup users and clinicians, about presenting symptoms and how to choose the correct shape, size, and insertion method to avoid complications.
Understanding women from ethnic minorities’ perspectives about contraception in the UK: a qualitative study using a participatory action research approach with community research link workers
Authors: Linton Emma , Mawson Rebecca L , Cory Ryan James , Ma Richard , Fryer Kate , Aminu Habiba , Aslam Aaishah , Nabage Fatima Nasiru , Daley Sheila , Mitchell Caroline Anne
Published: February 2025

Background

Contraception has revolutionised women’s health, enabling planned pregnancies and improved outcomes for mothers and babies. However, disparities exist in rates of unintended pregnancies and contraceptive uptake among ethnic groups. The reasons for this are poorly understood.

Objective

To understand women from ethnic minorities’ perspectives about contraception.

Methods

Our qualitative study used a participatory action research approach, utilising community research link workers. Public engagement was embedded in the study’s conception. We used focus groups and interviews to elicit perspectives, then analysed the data using thematic analysis. The study participants were women who self-identified as being from an ethnic minority group in Sheffield, UK.

Results

Thirty-six women participated in four focus groups and five interviews. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: (1) The role of contraception in a woman’s life, (2) External influencers, (3) Cultural and religious considerations and (4) Everyone is different (individuality). Contraceptive needs should be considered holistically, rather than with a siloed, targeted approach. ‘External influencers’, such as partners, family and communities, determine how contraception is accessed and experienced. ‘Cultural considerations’, such as personal, sociocultural and religious factors specific to women from ethnic minorities, influence contraceptive choice.

Conclusions

This study provides a transcultural perspective of the issues at play when a woman from an ethnic minority makes a decision about contraception. Practitioners and health providers must be culturally competent and tailor consultations and services to the individual.
CD4 T cell depletion increases memory differentiation of endogenous and CAR T cells and enhances the efficacy of Super2 and IL-33-armored CAR T cells against solid tumors
Authors: Mohamed Asmaa O , Boone David Tyler , Ferry Shannon L , Peck Melanie C , Santos Alicia M , Soderholm Haille E , Wittling Megen C , Paulos Chrystal , Turk Mary Jo , Huang Yina H
Published: February 2025

Background

Responsiveness to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy correlates with CAR T cell expansion and persistence in vivo. Multiple strategies improve persistence by increasing stem-like properties or sustaining CAR T cell activity with combination therapies. Here, we describe the intrinsic ability of CAR T cells to differentiate into memory T cells, the effect of cytokine armoring, and neoadjuvant CD4 depletion therapy on CAR and tumor-specific endogenous memory T cells.

Methods

TRP1-specific or NKG2D CAR T cells alone or with Super2+IL-33 (S233) armoring and/or CD4 depletion were evaluated in immunocompetent B16F10 melanoma or MC38 colon cell carcinoma models without preconditioning. We characterized CAR and endogenous tumor-specific memory T cell precursors, establishment of circulating (TCIRC) and resident (TRM) memory T cell subsets, and ability to protect against secondary tumors.

Results

TRP1-specific or NKG2D CAR T cells had no effect on primary tumor growth in immunocompetent mice unless they were combined with S233 armoring or CD4 depletion. Unarmored CAR T cells expressed a stem-like phenotype in the tumor-draining lymph node and differentiated into CAR TCIRCmemory cells in lymphoid organs and CAR TRMcells in the skin. In contrast, S233-armored CAR T cells exhibited an activated effector phenotype and differentiated inefficiently into CAR effector and central memory T cells. Combining CD4 therapy with unarmored CAR T cells increased CAR TCIRCand TRMmemory T cells. Either CD4 depletion therapy or S233-armored CAR T cells induced activation of tumor-specific endogenous T cells that differentiated into both TCIRCand TRMmemory T cells. CD4 depletion and S233-armored CAR T cell combination therapy synergized to increase endogenous memory T cells.

Conclusions

Unarmored TRP-1-specific or NKG2D CAR T cells have intrinsic stem-like properties and differentiate into memory T cell subsets but are non-protective against primary or secondary tumors. S233 cytokine armoring alone or with CD4 depletion improved effector responses but limited CAR memory T cell generation. S233-armored CAR T cells or CD4 depletion therapy induced endogenous tumor-specific TCIRCand TRMT cells, but the combination potentiated endogenous memory T cell generation and resulted in improved protection against B16F10 rechallenge.
Cardinality Estimation of LIKE Predicate Queries using Deep Learning
Authors: Kwon Suyong , Shim Kyuseok , Jung Woohwan
Published: February 2025

Cardinality estimation of LIKE predicate queries has an important role in the query optimization of database systems. Traditional approaches generally use a summary of text data with some statistical assumptions. Recently, the deep learning model for cardinality estimation of LIKE predicate queries has been investigated. To provide more accurate cardinality estimates and reduce the maximum estimation errors, we propose a deep learning model that utilizes the extended
N
-gram table and the conditional regression header. We next investigate how to efficiently generate training data. Our LEADER (LikE predicate trAining Data gEneRation) algorithms utilize the shareable results across the relational queries corresponding to the LIKE predicates. By analyzing the queries corresponding to LIKE predicates, we develop an efficient join method and utilize the join order for fast query execution and maximal sharing of
shareable results
. Extensive experiments with real-life datasets confirm the efficiency of the proposed training data generation algorithms and the effectiveness of the proposed model.
PoneglyphDB: Efficient Non-interactive Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Arbitrary SQL-Query Verification
Authors: Gu Binbin , Fang Juncheng , Nawab Faisal
Published: February 2025

In database applications involving sensitive data, the dual imperatives of data confidentiality and provable (verifiable) query processing are important. This paper introduces PoneglyphDB, a database system that leverages non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) to support both confidentiality and provability. Unlike traditional databases, PoneglyphDB enhances confidentiality by ensuring that raw data remains exclusively with the host, while also enabling verifying the correctness of query responses by providing proofs to clients.

The main innovation in this paper is proposing efficient ZKP designs (called circuits) for basic operations in SQL query processing. These basic operation circuits are then combined to form ZKP circuits for larger, more complex queries. PoneglyphDB's circuits are carefully designed to be efficient by utilizing advances in cryptography such as PLONKish-based circuits, recursive proof composition techniques, and designing with low-order polynomial constraints. We demonstrate the performance of PoneglyphDB with the standard TPC-H benchmark. Our experimental results show that PoneglyphDB can efficiently achieve both confidentiality and provability, outperforming existing state-of-the-art ZKP methods.
eSPACE: Leveraging Theoretical Foundations for the End-User Development of Cross-Device and IoT Applications
Authors: Sanctorum Audrey , Signer Beat
Published: February 2025

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cross-device computing and the Internet of Things (IoT), there is a need for intuitive and user-friendly solutions empowering end users to create and tailor their applications. To address this need, we analysed the different metaphors for end-user development (EUD) of cross-device and IoT applications. A key observation is the lack of addressing end user’s mental models when designing interactions among devices, resulting in less intuitive EUD tools. To fill this gap, we introduce eSPACE, an end-user authoring tool facilitating the development of cross-device and IoT applications. In contrast to most existing tools, eSPACE is grounded on strong theoretical foundations, including a conceptual model, reference framework as well as design guidelines and suitable metaphors. The effectiveness of these theoretical foundations in creating an intuitive and user-friendly EUD platform has been validated in a user study. Our study confirms eSPACE’s potential as a useful and easy to use tool for end-user application development. In addition, we present potential future research directions, including automation functionality, intelligibility and human-AI interaction. In discussing these future directions, we aim to foster and advance EUD research towards more end-user-accessible authoring environments for cross-device and IoT applications.
A Bi-Step Grounding Paradigm for Large Language Models in Recommendation Systems
Authors: Bao Keqin , Zhang Jizhi , Wang Wenjie , Zhang Yang , Yang Zhengyi , Luo Yancheng , Chen Chong , Feng Fuli , Tian Qi
Published: February 2025

As the focus on Large Language Models (LLMs) in the field of recommendation intensifies, the optimization of LLMs for recommendation purposes (referred to as LLM4Rec) assumes a crucial role in enhancing their recommendation performance. However, existing approaches for LLM4Rec often assess performance using restricted sets of candidates, which may not accurately reflect the models’ overall ranking capabilities. In this paper, our objective is to pursue LLM4Rec models with comprehensive ranking capacity and propose a two-step grounding framework known as BIGRec (Bi-step Grounding Paradigm for Recommendation). BIGRecm initially grounds LLMs to the recommendation space by fine-tuning them to generate meaningful tokens for items and subsequently identifies appropriate actual items that correspond to the generated tokens. By conducting extensive experiments on two datasets, we substantiate the superior performance, capacity for handling few-shot scenarios, and versatility across multiple domains exhibited by BIGRec. Furthermore, we observe that the marginal benefits derived from increasing the quantity of training samples are modest for BIGRec, implying that LLMs possess the limited capability to assimilate statistical information, such as popularity and collaborative filtering, due to their robust semantic priors. These findings also underline the efficacy of integrating diverse statistical information into the LLM4Rec framework, thereby pointing towards a potential avenue for future research. Finally, we conduct analysis utilizing BIGRec to explore the characteristics of incorporating recommendations into LLMs, thereby offering prospective insights for the advancement of the field. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/SAI990323/Grounding4Rec.
The Developmental Origin of Novel Complex Morphological Traits in Lepidoptera
Authors: Monteiro Antónia , Murugesan Suriya Narayanan , Prakash Anupama , Papa Riccardo
Published: February 2025

Novel traits in the order Lepidoptera include prolegs in the abdomen of larvae, scales, and eyespot and band color patterns in the wings of adults. We review recent work that investigates the developmental origin and diversification of these four traits from a gene-regulatory network (GRN) perspective. While prolegs and eyespots appear to derive from distinct ancestral GRNs co-opted to novel body regions, scales derive from in situ modifications of a sensory bristle GRN. The origin of the basal and central symmetry systems of bands on the wing is associated with the expression of the WntA gene in those regions, whereas the more marginal bands depend on two other genes, Distal-less and spalt. Finally, several genes have been discovered that play important roles in regulating background wing color, via the regulation of pigmentation GRNs. The identification of shared and novel cis-regulatory elements of genes belonging to these distinct GRNs helps trace the developmental and evolutionary history of these traits. Future work should examine the extent to which ancestral GRNs are co-opted/modified to produce the novel traits and how these GRNs map to specific cell types in ancestral and derived traits.
How I Do It: Cross-sectional Imaging in Small-Bowel Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Hameed Maira , Kumar Shankar , Taylor Stuart A.
Published: February 2025

Cross-sectional imaging, particularly MR enterography and intestinal US, is now the mainstay for diagnosing and monitoring inflammatory bowel disease, providing a robust means of assessing activity and therapeutic response.
Fabrication of Metallic Microstructures via Electrolyte-Confined Jet Electrochemical Deposition with Micro-Scale Ceramic Nozzle
Authors: Xie Qingyun , He Ying , Arshad Muhammad Hazak , Saxena Krishna Kumar , Chen Xiaolei
Published: February 2025

Jet-electrochemical deposition (Jet-ECD) offers a unique advantage over thermal-driven additive manufacturing techniques for fabricating metallic microstructures in an athermal manner. However, traditional Jet-ECD always suffers from stray deposition, which limits its application in microelectromechanical systems, microelectronics, and biomedical sectors, where precise metallic microstructures are required. We present a novel method of electrolyte-confined Jet-ECD to enhance microstructure quality. A micro-ceramic nozzle was used to supply electrolyte to the workpiece surface and a high-density electrically insulating fluid (perfluorotripropylamine) was used to confine flowing electrolyte within the processing area to improve deposition localization. Simulations and experiments demonstrated that the radial flow distance of electrolyte reduced with increasing inter-electrode gap, improving deposition localization. Additionally, the current density distribution shifted from Gaussian to flat-top, enhancing the shape accuracy. Furthermore, the workpiece was chemically treated with a hydrophobic layer to reduce electrolyte-workpiece adhesion to stabilize the electrolyte confinement effect during nozzle reciprocating motion. This treatment facilitated deposition of microstructures with high surface quality (surface roughness down to 0.018 μm). Finally, microstructures with high localization and shape accuracy were deposited, including micro-cylinder with diameter of 165 μm and aspect ratio of 5.5, thin-wall with width of 69 μm and aspect ratio of 1.9, and a micro-square pattern.
Simultaneous Electrochemical Examination of Ractopamine and Clenbuterol Employing Carbon Dots Derived from Rice Straw
Authors: Van Hop Nguyen , Le My Linh Nguyen , Toan Tran Thanh Tam , Nguyen Do Mai
Published: February 2025

In this study, rice straw-based carbon dots (RSCD) synthesized via a hydrothermal method were effectively utilized for modifying glassy carbon electrodes in differential pulse voltammetry to determine ractopamine (RTP) and clenbuterol (CLB) simultaneously. The structural, optical, and elemental properties of RSCD were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, tunneling electron microscopy, UV–vis, photoluminescence spectra, and energy-dispersive X-ray elemental mapping. The RSCD-modified glassy carbon electrode (RSCD/GCE) demonstrated enhanced electrochemical outcome in cyclic voltammetry tests and differential pulse voltammetry tests, compared to bare GCE. The RSCD/GCE showed distinct oxidation peaks for RTP (+0.88 V) and CLB (+1.88 V), indicating high selectivity. The method stated a broad linear concentration range of 0.1–92 μM with limits of detection of 0.09 μM for RTP and 0.03 μM for CLB. Interference studies revealed negligible impact from common ions and organic substances. The RSCD/GCE demonstrated good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability over a week. This study underscores the potential of RSCD/GCE as a working electrode for reliable and sensitive DPV determination of β-agonists residue in food safety applications.
Distinguishing Crohn’s Disease From Non–Crohn’s Ileitis: A Gut Microbiome–Based Approach
Authors: Raghunathan Nalini , Joshi Varun , Mekala Dhanush , Patel Rajendra , Godbole Shubhankar , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Reddy Duvvur Nageshwar , Banerjee Rupa
Published: February 2025

Background: The differential diagnosis between symptomatic non–Crohn’s ileitis (NCI) and Crohn’s disease (CD) has been a long‐standing dilemma with similar clinical, endoscopic, and histopathology findings. We aimed to conduct a pilot study to compare the fecal microbiome between NCI and CD.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected from symptomatic patients with isolated terminal ileitis. Inclusion criteria included exclusive terminal ileal ulcers, normal enteroscopy, and nongranulomatous/noncryptitis on biopsy. Patients with established newly diagnosed CD and healthy cohort (HC) were enrolled as reference. Those on prior IBD treatment/antibiotics/NSAIDs were excluded. Upon 6‐month follow‐up colonoscopy, final diagnoses of NCI (resolution of ulcers) were confirmed. Fecal DNA was isolated and sequenced (16S‐V4 Illumina‐MiSeq). Bacterial taxa (amplicon sequence variant–based approach) and predictive functional pathways were analyzed (PICRUSt package) and compared between groups.

Results: Thirty‐six CD, 29 HC, and 28 isolated terminal ileitis were included. Upon follow‐up, 24/28 were NCI, while 4 had persistent ulcers and were excluded from the study. Alpha diversity from CD to NCI to HC progressively declined. Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota significantly differed between CD and NCI. Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria were highest in CD and gradually declined in NCI and HC. The taxa which significantly contributed toward the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity between CD and NCI were found to be Bacteroides, Prevotella_9, and Faecalibacterium. Seven genera and six species predominantly belonging to butyrate production were reduced in CD relative to NCI. Bacterial stress–associated pathway ppGpp was significantly higher in CD than in NCI.

Conclusion: The gut microbiome is unique in NCI and can be differentiated from Crohn’s by a novel bacterial profile. This study provides preliminary leads to help stratify patients who require active treatment in lines of CD.
Not Every Headache Warrants a Head CT: A Recurrent Headache Unveiling H. Pylori‐Positive MALToma
Authors: Nahas Rebal , Khoury Serena , Dib Emanuel-Youssef , Karam Karam , Fiani Elias
Published: February 2025

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a urease‐producing bacterium that has a tendency to colonize the gastric mucosa. H. pylori can cause atrophic gastritis and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). H. pylori has also been associated with MALT lymphoma, which is an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma. The gold standard for the diagnosis of H. pylori is histopathological analysis from biopsied gastric mucosa. MALT lymhoma can have a wide range of clinical manifestations, such as epigastric pain, iron‐deficiency anemia, and overt upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. MALT lymphoma has been rarely associated with headaches. We describe a case of H. pylori‐positive MALToma manifesting as epigastric pain occurring concomitantly with throbbing headaches; hence, headache can be a heralding symptom for the diagnosis of MALToma.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma (EHE) Mimicking Mesothelioma: Case Presentation and Review
Authors: Grewal Kabir , Gajagowni Saivaroon , Lopez Elyse , Grewal Kayanaat , Nguyen Son Viet
Published: February 2025

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is an extremely rare vascular sarcoma that can initially present with a myriad of symptoms anywhere in the body. Imaging findings are often nonspecific, and the pathology tends to have overlap with other malignancies. As a result, it can be quite difficult to suspect and diagnose EHE. We present a case of pulmonary EHE in a 41‐year‐old female with left pleural thickening and subclavian tumor thrombus who was initially misdiagnosed and treated as mesothelioma. This instance demonstrates the importance of maintaining a broad differential and the utilization of repeat biopsies and next‐generation sequencing for questionable diagnoses of atypical malignancies.
Glucagon‐Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Improve Renal Resistive Index in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 26‐Week Prospective Observational Real‐Life Study
Authors: Vozza Alfredo , Volpe Sara , Custodero Carlo , Colaianni Valentina , Lavarra Valentina , Triggiani Domenico , Crudele Lucilla , Bergamasco Alessandro , Antonica Gianfranco , Tortorella Cosimo , Piazzolla Giuseppina
Published: February 2025

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most life‐threatening complications of diabetes and a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. Glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1‐RAs) or sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) appear to improve renal outcome in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this context, the renal resistive index (RRI) is a useful doppler measure to study DKD and predict its evolution. The aim of this work was to study the effect of treatment with GLP1‐RA or SGLT2i on RRI and the relationship between RRI and glycometabolic parameters. One hundred forty‐five patients with T2D were enrolled in the study and treated for 26 weeks with once‐weekly GLP1‐RA (38 patients with dulaglutide and 39 with semaglutide), SGLT2i (40 patients), or other therapies (28 control patients). Clinical, anthropometric, and hematochemical parameters and RRI were measured at baseline (T0) and after 6 months of treatment (T6). Changes at 6 months were studied and compared by treatment group. Patients were predominantly male (58.6%), overweight (93.0%) or frankly obese (60.0%), with hypertension (90.0%) and high (> 0.64) or pathological (> 0.7) RRI values (82.0% or 37.0%, respectively). At baseline, RRI correlated positively with age, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, and albuminuria and negatively with estimated‐glomerular filtration rate (e‐GFR). At T6, patients treated with either GLP1‐RA or SGLT2i showed a significant improvement in RRI but not in albuminuria or e‐GFR, compared with homologous at baseline. In particular, RRI normalized in 32% and 30% of patients on therapy with GLP1‐RA and SGLT2i, respectively, while remaining almost unchanged in controls. Notably, the RRI improvement was independent of age, gender, diabetes duration, and changes in BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, and e‐GFR. In conclusion, RRI can be used to detect early kidney damage and follow the evolution of DKD. GLP1‐RA and SGLT2i improve RRI, demonstrating benefits on cardiovascular risk and renal outcomes.
Bioactive Peptides From Rice Wine Subjected to a Simulation Digestion: Inhibition of α‐Glucosidase and Enhancement of Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Cui Wendie , Zheng Xiuqing , Chu Chuanqi , Gui Xi , Cai Shengbao , Yi Junjie , Liu Zhijia
Published: February 2025

The study investigated the blood glucose regulation potentials of rice wine peptides. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of simulated digested rice wine was identified by in vitro experiments. After rigorous identification, screening, and validation, two principal functional peptides, LLGDV and NLDSS, were identified as the main contributors to the observed bioactivity of digested rice wine. Molecular docking and dynamics experiments found these peptides were demonstrated to occupy the active pocket of α‐glucosidase via hydrogen bonds, van der Waals’ forces, and pi‐bonding, effectively inhibiting the enzyme and reducing glucose absorption. Additional cellular experiments were performed to assess the peptides’ effects on cellular glucose metabolism. The outcomes indicated that peptide LLGDV significantly promoted glucose digestion in cells, pointing to its potential in enhancing insulin sensitivity and alleviating insulin resistance. The study’s results enhanced the scientific comprehension of rice wine health‐promoting attributes and facilitated the creation of innovative health products. The identification and characterization of the bioactive peptides LLGDV and NLDSS establish a groundwork for forthcoming research, targeting the therapeutic potential of these peptides for diabetes and associated metabolic conditions management.
Table 1 from Active Surveillance in Patients with Extra-abdominal Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Observational Studies
Authors: Colombo Chiara , Hakkesteegt Stefanie , Le Cesne Axel , Barretta Francesco , Blay Jean-Yves , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Penel Nicolas , Lam Laurent , Fiore Marco , Palassini Elena , Grignani Giovanni , Tolomeo Francesco , Collini Paola , Merlini Alessandra , Perrone Federica , Stacchiotti Silvia , Verhoef Cornelis , Bonvalot Sylvie , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Baseline characteristics of 282 included patients with DTF.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Active Surveillance in Patients with Extra-abdominal Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Observational Studies
Authors: Colombo Chiara , Hakkesteegt Stefanie , Le Cesne Axel , Barretta Francesco , Blay Jean-Yves , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Penel Nicolas , Lam Laurent , Fiore Marco , Palassini Elena , Grignani Giovanni , Tolomeo Francesco , Collini Paola , Merlini Alessandra , Perrone Federica , Stacchiotti Silvia , Verhoef Cornelis , Bonvalot Sylvie , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 7. Flowchart of patients who received an active treatment.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Active Surveillance in Patients with Extra-abdominal Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Observational Studies
Authors: Colombo Chiara , Hakkesteegt Stefanie , Le Cesne Axel , Barretta Francesco , Blay Jean-Yves , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Penel Nicolas , Lam Laurent , Fiore Marco , Palassini Elena , Grignani Giovanni , Tolomeo Francesco , Collini Paola , Merlini Alessandra , Perrone Federica , Stacchiotti Silvia , Verhoef Cornelis , Bonvalot Sylvie , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 3. Crude cumulative incidence curves for regression post-RECIST progression according to sex (A), initial tumour size in mm (B), tumour locations (C), CTNNB1 mutation types (D)
Can Longitudinal Biomarkers Guide Treatment Decisions? Time Will Tell
Authors: Jeng Mark Y. , Schoenfeld Adam J.
Published: February 2025

Defining patterns of acquired resistance has important prognostic and therapeutic implications in patients with lung cancer. Longitudinal biomarker analysis has enhanced our understanding of tumor biology and treatment response. However, the role of temporally informed biomarkers in guiding clinical decisions, such as local therapy intervention, remains unproven.

See related article by Mazzaschi et al., p. XX .
Figure S2 from Stanniocalcin 1 in Patients with Refractory Colorectal Cancer Treated with Regorafenib: A Post Hoc Biomarker Analysis of the TEXCAN and CORRECT Trials
Authors: Vienot Angélique , Vernerey Dewi , Bouard Adeline , Klajer Elodie , Kim Stefano , Tournigand Christophe , Louvet Christophe , André Thierry , Rousseau Benoît , Wespiser Mylène , Spehner Laurie , Wang Ying A. , Weispfenning Anke , Dochy Emmanuelle , Borg Christophe
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 2
Figure 1 from Stanniocalcin 1 in Patients with Refractory Colorectal Cancer Treated with Regorafenib: A Post Hoc Biomarker Analysis of the TEXCAN and CORRECT Trials
Authors: Vienot Angélique , Vernerey Dewi , Bouard Adeline , Klajer Elodie , Kim Stefano , Tournigand Christophe , Louvet Christophe , André Thierry , Rousseau Benoît , Wespiser Mylène , Spehner Laurie , Wang Ying A. , Weispfenning Anke , Dochy Emmanuelle , Borg Christophe
Published: February 2025

OS in patients with refractory mCRC from the TEXCAN study according to baseline plasma protein levels of (A) ANG2 and (B) STC1.
Data from Stanniocalcin 1 in Patients with Refractory Colorectal Cancer Treated with Regorafenib: A Post Hoc Biomarker Analysis of the TEXCAN and CORRECT Trials
Authors: Vienot Angélique , Vernerey Dewi , Bouard Adeline , Klajer Elodie , Kim Stefano , Tournigand Christophe , Louvet Christophe , André Thierry , Rousseau Benoît , Wespiser Mylène , Spehner Laurie , Wang Ying A. , Weispfenning Anke , Dochy Emmanuelle , Borg Christophe
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biomarkers for antiangiogenic drugs in chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are lacking. We investigated the relationship between stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and outcomes in patients treated with regorafenib in the TEXCAN and CORRECT trials. Baseline plasma STC1 protein levels were measured by ELISA from patients with chemorefractory mCRC enrolled in TEXCAN (regorafenib n = 48) and CORRECT (placebo n = 211; regorafenib n = 435). The relationship between STC1 levels and overall survival (OS) was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. The median STC1 value was increased in patients with chemorefractory mCRC (1,211 pg/mL) compared with previously untreated patients (215 pg/mL). Using an optimized cut-off, STC1 was prognostic for OS [HR = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.79–2.50; P < 0.001], with a median OS of 7.63 months in the STC1-low group (<1,436.87 pg/mL; n = 400) and 3.81 months in the STC1-high group (≥1,436.87 pg/mL; n = 246). The interaction P value of lactate dehydrogenase and treatment revealed no predictive effect of lactate dehydrogenase levels on OS in terms of regorafenib (P = 0.598). A predictive analysis suggested a significant association between STC1 and regorafenib for OS (interaction P = 0.049). The median OS with regorafenib versus placebo was 8.32 versus 6.54 months in the STC1-low group (HR = 0.83, 95% CI, 0.66–1.03; P = 0.087) and 4.41 versus 3.09 months in the STC1-high group (HR = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.49–0.84; P = 0.001). Altogether, high STC1 protein levels have a predictive potential to characterize a population of patients with chemorefractory mCRC and poor prognosis in whom regorafenib has an increased level of efficacy.
Significance:
STC1 is a protein secreted by intratumor endothelial cells in which plasma concentrations increase in patients with chemorefractory mCRC. Based on analyses of patients with refractory mCRC in the TEXCAN and CORRECT trials, we found that STC1 plasma levels had a prognostic role for OS, with high levels associated with poor outcome. A predictive role for baseline STC1 levels was pointed out for regorafenib efficacy.
Endovascular Thrombectomy Versus Best Medical Management in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Presenting Beyond 24 Hours: Results From the TRACK‐LVO Late Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Xu Yongbo , Liu Shuling , Qureshi Adnan I. , Zhang Pinyuan , Zhang Xiaochen , Liu Shuai , Xue Yuanyuan , Meng Fanlei , Xu Guodong , Liu Yongchang , Gu Youquan , Cao Yibin , Xie Yanzhao , Hong Zhen , Shi Wanchao , Wang Yan , Chen Huisheng , Wei Ming
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

The efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) performed beyond 24 hours from the last known well remain uncertain. This study aims to investigate the potential benefits of EVT versus best medical management (BMM) beyond 24 hours.

METHODS

TRACK‐LVO Late (Late Triage of Patients Presenting Beyond 24 Hours With Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Large Vessel Occlusions) is an ongoing, multicenter, prospective cohort study. A total of 410 individuals met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the cohort analyses from 2018 to 2024. The primary outcome was functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at 90 days. Safety outcomes included all‐cause mortality within 90 days and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. A propensity score analysis was conducted to adjust for baseline imbalances. The association between treatment and primary outcome/safety outcomes was assessed using logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, premorbid modified Rankin Scale score, occlusion sites, and time from onset to admission.

RESULTS

Among the 410 patients, 209 were in the EVT group and 201 in the BMM group. The EVT group showed higher odds of functional independence in the propensity score‐matched cohort (adjusted odds ratio, 4.13 [95% CI, 2.42–7.05];
P
<0.001). No significant difference in mortality rate was observed between groups (adjusted odds ratio, 1.59 [95% CI, 0.60–4.25];
P
= 0.354). However, the EVT group had an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage compared with the BMM group (adjusted odds ratio, 8.72 [95% CI, 1.04–73.10];
P
 = 0.046). These findings were consistent in sensitivity analyses using propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting.

CONCLUSION

EVT performed after 24 hours from the last known well was associated with higher rates of functional independence compared with BMM and demonstrated acceptable safety. High‐quality randomized trials are needed to further compare EVT and BMM beyond 24 hours from the last known well.
In Search for the Rarest Plant: Art, Drones, and AI
Authors: Cinti Laura , Boland Howard , Jewitt Debbie
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes an experimental synthesis between art, technology, and conservation to search for one of the rarest cycad species in the world: the Encephalartos woodii, a cycad believed to be extinct in the wild. Only one specimen has ever been discovered. It has since been propagated in botanical gardens, and all existing specimens are male clones originating from this single plant. With the female specimen undiscovered, our project, AI in the Sky, partakes in the search for the female using drone technology and artificial intelligence (AI).
Diversified Perspectives: Modes of Attention in Algorithmic Information Processing
Authors: Okulov Jaana
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence took a significant leap toward human-like multisensory and associative capabilities with OpenAI’s ChatGPT model in 2022 when it implemented a self-attention mechanism. As AI technologies progress rapidly, the concept of attention offers a novel opportunity to re-envision information in machine learning models. This paper explores attention as a perceptual phenomenon with unique aesthetics and emphasizes its role in shaping percepts and the resulting information. Large language models that primarily rely on text can be understood as exhibiting object-based attention. The paper goes beyond this limited view, advocating for diversified perceptual modes in machines. By adopting multiple perceptual strategies, machines can help humans overcome their biases, inborn ignorance, and even hatred, thus fostering more humane/than human connections.
Human’ and ConversationN: Exploring Mirrored Human-AI Identities Through Dialogue Installations
Authors: Xiao Lanxi , Jing Wang , Dong Yan , Wu Qiong
Published: February 2025

Human’ and ConversationN are interactive dialogue art installations exploring the complex relationship between human and AI identities. Human’ explores the influence of AI on human identity by creating an experimental scenario in which viewers can speak with their own AI parallel selves. ConversationN explores the influence of humans on AI identity by creating a silicone AI entity that evolves with viewers’ interactions. These artworks imagine a future “mirror identity,” where humans and AI shape each other’s identities and thus develop a symbiotic human-AI existence in the contexts of transhumanism and a more-than-human world.
Evaluation of the possibility of black soldier fly larvae as a fishmeal substitute on broiler breeder
Authors: Chang S.Y. , Jeon K.H. , Lee J.H. , Song D.C. , Park S.H. , Lee B.K. , Nam J.H. , Chun J.Y. , Cho J.H.
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effect of processed forms (defatted or hydrolyzed) of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L., BSFL) as a protein substitute on broiler breeders. A total of 54 arbor acre broiler breeders (25-week-old; Average initial body weight = 3.39 ± 0.16 kg) obtained from a local hatchery were used in this study. All birds were assigned to three dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design, and each treatment group had six replicate cages with three broiler breeder per cage. The experiment was conducted for 16 weeks. The dietary treatments were as follows: (1) CON: basal diet with 3% fishmeal; (2) T1: basal diet without fishmeal and substitute with defatted BSFL; (3) T2: basal diet without fishmeal and substitute with hydrolyzed BSFL. At 8-16 w, the T1 group was significantly higher () feed intake than the T2 group. The BSFL groups had a significantly higher () feed-egg ratio than the CON group during 0-8 w. The T2 group had a significantly higher () than the CON group during 0-16 w. At 16 w, the T2 group was significantly higher () in Haugh unit than the CON group. The T1 group showed lower () crude protein digestibility than fishmeal at 8 weeks, but there was no significant difference from fishmeal at 16 weeks (). During the entire period, the T1 group showed similar amino acid digestibility such as arginine, leucine, alanine, aspartic acid, proline, and tyrosine to fishmeal. There was no difference in laying performance, egg quality, blood profiles, and fecal microbiota, indicating that there was no negative effect on broiler breeders (). This means that defatted and hydrolyzed BSFL has sufficient potential as a protein source in broiler breeders.