bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voyage without constellation: evaluating the performance of three uncalibrated process-oriented models
Authors: Tominaga K. , Aherne J. , Watmough S. A. , Alveteg M. , Cosby B. J. , Driscoll C. T. , Posch M.
Published: May 2009

Three process-oriented dynamic acidification models were applied to a long-term monitoring site without calibration to evaluate the influence of model structural differences on simulation. The models were simplified to share as many commonalities as possible so that the main structural differences could be investigated. The models differed in sub-models for cation exchange, organic acids and acid anion speciation. All models were populated with ‘equivalent’ parameters by systematic input mapping. The influence of input variability was addressed through Monte Carlo parameter sampling. The three models behaved exactly the same for tracers (e.g. sulphate and chloride), indicating successful cross-parameterization of the models. Differences in model structure had an impact on some of the simulated chemical parameters. In particular, models using Gapon cation exchange simulated higher base saturation levels in the long run than their Gaines-Thomas counterparts, but simulated lower base cation concentration and acid neutralizing capacity in soil solution when acid deposition levels were high. Multiple-model evaluation frameworks as presented here allow for greater certainty in model predictions; ultimately, this type of framework should be employed when evaluating the impacts of future climate and environmental changes on soil and surface water hydrogeochemistry.
Variation in stream C, N and P uptake along an altitudinal gradient: a space-for-time analogue to assess potential impacts of climate change
Authors: Martí Eugènia , Fonollà Paula , Schiller Daniel von , Sabater Francesc , Argerich Alba , Ribot Miquel , Riera Joan Lluís
Published: May 2009

A space-for-time substitution approach was used to evaluate potential effects of climate change on stream nutrient uptake by examining the relationship between stream environmental parameters and carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake along an altitudinal gradient. The study was carried out in 14 streams located in the Central Pyrenees (NE Spain) draining calcareous catchments that cover an altitudinal range of 700–2,100 m a.s.l. In these streams, uptake of inorganic (soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), ammonium and nitrate) and organic (acetate and glycine) nutrients was estimated. Additionally, several physical, chemical and biological parameters were measured. Results showed higher uptake for both SRP, a potentially limiting nutrient in these streams, and glycine, a labile source of dissolved organic N, than for the rest of the nutrients. Uptake of SRP, nitrate, glycine and acetate varied along stream environmental gradients associated with changes in stream hydromorphology, SRP availability and epilithic biomass. However, these gradients did not vary with altitude. These results indicate that climate change effects on stream nutrient uptake are more likely to be driven by indirect effects on hydromorphology and nutrient availability induced by shifts in the precipitation and run-off regime than by direct modifications in the thermal regime.
Impacts of climate change scenarios on dissolved oxygen in the River Thames, UK
Authors: Cox B. A. , Whitehead P. G.
Published: May 2009

A water quality model is used to assess the impact of possible climate change on dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Thames. The Thames catchment is densely populated and, typically, many pressures are anthropogenic. However, that same population also relies on the river for potable water supply and as a disposal route for treated wastewater. Thus, future water quality will be highly dependent on future activity. Dynamic and stochastic modelling has been used to assess the likely impacts on DO dynamics along the river system and the probability distributions associated with future variability. The modelling predictions indicate that warmer river temperatures and drought act to reduce dissolved oxygen concentrations in lowland river systems.
Effect of Fines on Agglomeration in Spray Dryers: An Experimental Study
Authors: Williams Anna M , Jones Jim R , Paterson Anthony H. J. , Pearce David L
Published: May 2009

Agglomeration in spray dryers occurs by overlapping the spray patterns of multiple liquid nozzles and the airstreams containing recycled fine powder. In this work, the role of the recycled fines stream is explored by measuring the extent of agglomeration. Two scales are investigated, a small-scale dryer with nominal capacity of ~ 1 kg/h and a pilot-scale dryer of ~ 75 kg/h. Experiments were designed to investigate a number of parameters at three levels: low, medium and high about midpoints that represent typical operation at each scale. These operating points are representative of those available, or potentially available, to operators of agglomerating spray dryers: spray flow rate, spray solids concentration, spray droplet size, powder flow rate, and powder particle size. Drying conditions were kept as constant as possible and all experiments used skim milk powder. A measure of success, called the agglomeration efficiency, was developed based on examining the agglomerated product size distribution relative to the spray and fines. The efficiency reflects the proportion of particles sizes that disappear from the spray size distribution and then appear in the agglomerated product after the fines have been censored from it. Comparisons were made between the reference case of natural agglomeration when the dryer was run without fines, and later forced agglomeration trials with fines. These confirm that fines addition does promote agglomeration. Trials containing fines show that the extent of agglomeration depends principally on the mass flux ratio of fines to spray followed by the particle size of the fines; this can be linked to the probability of interaction between spray and fines in the turbulent interaction zone. The concentration of the spray liquid has a weaker effect on influencing forced agglomeration, but has a major influence on the final product particle size because high solids concentrations promote natural agglomeration when sprays interact. This relates to the development of surface stickiness which influences the success of collisions. The two scales of dryer have the same trends and approximately scale.
Modelling and Optimisation of an Industrial Ethylene Oxide Reactor
Authors: Aryana Shahla , Ahmadi Mitra , Gomes Vincent G , Romagnoli Jose A , Ngian Kian
Published: May 2009

A dynamic model of an industrial packed-bed multi-tubular reactor was developed to investigate performance of an industrial ethylene oxide (EO) reactor, conducting epoxidation of ethylene over a silver-based catalyst. The set of nonlinear kinetic rate equations for the catalytic oxidation process in the presence of ethylene dichloride (EDC) as a moderator was coupled with the governing heat and mass transfer equations along the packed bed. Catalyst deactivation was modelled as a nonlinear function of operating time and the equation was benchmarked against plant data for the period of operation. Our process model was compared with experimental data obtained from an industrial EO reactor. The model predictions were found to agree well with the plant data. The influences of operating parameters such as EDC level, reactant concentrations, reactor pressure, coolant temperature and the feed temperature on reactor performance were investigated. The variables having significant impact on work rate and selectivity were identified. The model was used to optimise the performance of ethylene oxide reactor for maximising work rate and selectivity.
Suspension Mixing Tank - Design Heuristic
Authors: Lea Jimmy
Published: May 2009

The design of suspension mixing tanks is often embedded in empiricism due to insufficient understanding of the hydrodynamics of dense solid-liquid interaction. This is particularly limiting during the design of mixing tanks or batch reactor for expensive high quality products in the fine chemicals, biological and pharmaceutical processing industries. In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-assisted design approach has been employed to study the effectiveness of mixing tank geometrical configurations to suspend particles. Ten crucial variables were investigated and the effects of changing the value of these variables were documented. In addition, a multivariable study involving these ten variables was also conducted to investigate the most important variables among them. Finally, by capturing the essence of the results, a design heuristic was developed which can be applied across the process industry.
Materiality Decisions and the Correction of Accounting Errors
Authors: Acito Andrew A. , Burks Jeffrey J. , Johnson W. Bruce
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT: We test conjectures about the determinants of materiality judgments by examining a financial reporting choice made by firms that discover errors in prior years' financial statements. From late 2004 to mid-2006, more than 250 U.S. firms uncovered and corrected operating lease accounting errors either by formal restatement—required for errors deemed material—or by a less visible current-period “catch-up” adjustment. We test the role of materiality considerations outlined in SAB No. 99 as well as factors outside authoritative guidance in explaining the correction method chosen. Although both quantitative and qualitative materiality considerations cited in the guidance explain a large portion of the variation in firms' error correction decisions, we find that the prior actions of other firms also appear to play a major role. We also find that clerical considerations, but not strategic disclosure concerns, help explain cross-sectional variation in the timing of firms' error correction announcements.
Accounting Transparency and the Asset Substitution Problem
Authors: Burkhardt Katrin , Strausz Roland
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT: We develop a model to show that transparent accounting can worsen the asset substitution effect of debt. This negative effect can outweigh the usual positive effect of transparency. We demonstrate this point by comparing pure historical cost accounting to the conservatively skewed accounting regime of lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM). In a market with asymmetric information, the two regimes lead to different degrees of transparency. The more transparent LCM regime produces more efficient results for firms with lower debt levels, while the opaque rule of pure historical cost accounting is preferable for higher debt levels. We explore the implications of this result for the firm's optimal capital structure.
Is Self-Regulated Peer Review Effective at Signaling Audit Quality?
Authors: Casterella Jeffrey R. , Jensen Kevan L. , Knechel W. Robert
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT: This study examines whether peer reviews conducted under the AICPA's self-regulatory model have been effective at signaling audit quality. Prior research has examined whether peer-review reports are associated with perceived audit quality. We examine whether peer-review reports are associated with actual audit quality. Using a unique data set obtained from the files of an insurance company, we find that peer-review findings are indeed useful in predicting audit failure (i.e., malpractice claims alleging auditor negligence), and that certain types of findings are particularly useful in this regard. We also find that peer-review findings are associated with other firm-specific indicators of potentially weak quality control or risky practices within accounting firms. Taken together, we interpret our findings to indicate that self-regulated peer review as mandated by the AICPA does provide effective signals regarding audit-firm quality.
Transient Institutional Ownership and CEO Contracting
Authors: Dikolli Shane S. , Kulp Susan L. , Sedatole Karen L.
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT: Prior research documents that CEOs respond to transient ownership preferences by choosing actions to meet short-term earnings targets. This study examines whether contract designers anticipate these actions and respond by adjusting explicit CEO compensation contracts. We find that, in determining CEO cash bonuses, firms with high levels of transient investors, on average, place a relatively low weight on earnings and a relatively high weight on annual returns. Additionally, both the likelihood of granting equity and the magnitude of annual equity grants to CEOs are higher with a higher level of transient investors, after controlling for previously studied determinants of equity grants. The results suggest transient-owner trading behavior creates implicit incentives for CEOs to take actions that increase current earnings, and firms take these implicit incentives into account in the design of explicit CEO compensation contracts.
Corporate Governance and Internal Control over Financial Reporting: A Comparison of Regulatory Regimes
Authors: Hoitash Udi , Hoitash Rani , Bedard Jean C.
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT: This study examines the association between corporate governance and disclosures of material weaknesses (MW) in internal control over financial reporting. We study this association using MW reported under Sarbanes-Oxley Sections 302 and 404, deriving data on audit committee financial expertise from automated parsing of member qualifications from their biographies. We find that a lower likelihood of disclosing Section 404 MW is associated with relatively more audit committee members having accounting and supervisory experience, as well as board strength. Further, the nature of MW varies with the type of experience. However, these associations are not detectable using Section 302 reports. We also find that MW disclosure is associated with designating a financial expert without accounting experience, or designating multiple financial experts. We conclude that board and audit committee characteristics are associated with internal control quality. However, this association is only observable under the more stringent requirements of Section 404.
Board Committees, CEO Compensation, and Earnings Management
Authors: Laux Christian , Laux Volker
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT:We analyze the board of directors' equilibrium strategies for setting CEO incentive pay and overseeing financial reporting and their effects on the level of earnings management. We show that an increase in CEO equity incentives does not necessarily increase earnings management because directors adjust their oversight effort in response to a change in CEO incentives. If the board's responsibilities for setting CEO pay and monitoring are separated through the formation of committees, then the compensation committee will increase the use of stock-based CEO pay, as the increased cost of oversight is borne by the audit committee. Our model generates predictions relating the board committee structure to the pay-performance sensitivity of CEO compensation, the quality of board oversight, and the level of earnings management.
Do Direct Cash Flow Disclosures Help Predict Future Operating Cash Flows and Earnings?
Authors: Orpurt Steven F. , Zang Yoonseok
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT: Motivated by recent FASB, IASB, and CFA Institute comments, we explore the predictive value of direct method cash flow disclosures. A primary stated purpose of the direct method is to better forecast future performance. To examine this purpose, we first document that direct method line items, such as cash received from customers, are not reliably estimable using income statements and either balance sheets or indirect method statements of cash flows. When these stimation (articulation) errors are included in cash flows and earnings forecasting models, forecasting performance significantly improves. In addition, employing a future ERC (FERC) methodology, we find evidence suggesting that market participants utilize direct method disclosures for their stated purpose: to better forecast future operating performance. After conducting several tests for self-selection concerns, we conclude that the direct method is valuable to investors when forecasting future cash flows and earnings.
Assurance on Sustainability Reports: An International Comparison
Authors: Simnett Roger , Vanstraelen Ann , Chua Wai Fong
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT: Globally, companies increasingly publish separate general purpose, nonfinancial (sustainability) reports. Some of these are independently assured and assurers may or may not be from the auditing profession. We seek to understand this emerging voluntary assurance market. Using a sample of 2,113 companies (from 31 countries) that produced sustainability reports between 2002–2004, we use sequential logit analysis to identify the factors associated with the decision to voluntarily purchase assurance and the choice of assurance provider. We hypothesize that a company's need to enhance credibility through assurance and choice of assurance provider will be a function of company-, industry-, and country-related factors. Our results support the argument that companies seeking to enhance the credibility of their reports and build their corporate reputation are more likely to have their sustainability reports assured, although it does not matter whether the assurance provider comes from the auditing profession. We also find that companies operating in stakeholder-orientated countries are more likely to choose the auditing profession as an assurer.
The Influence of Luting Systems on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Dentin to Indirect Resin-based Composite and Ceramic Restorations
Authors: D'Arcangelo C. , De Angelis F. , D'Amario M. , Zazzeroni S. , Ciampoli C. , Caputi S.
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance

Compared to self-etch and self-adhesive luting systems, the two etch-and-rinse luting agents evaluated in the current study provided more reliable bonding when used to bond indirect resin-based composite restorations to sound dentin. On the contrary, the self-adhesive luting system showed the highest mean bond strength for the cementation of glass ceramic restorations.
Diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome From a Xerostomia Case Accompanied by Multiple Dental Caries
Authors: Seo D-G. , Kim J. , Lee C-Y. , Park S-H.
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance

This paper presents a comprehensive and systemic approach for determining the etiology of patients with xerostomia and the rapidly progressing potential systemic diseases that can result. Dentists must be reminded of their role in the early diagnosis and treatment of some systemic diseases, because the oral environment may show early symptoms that are relatively easy to detect.
Y-TZP Ceramics: Key Concepts for Clinical Application
Authors: Cavalcanti A. N. , Foxton R. M. , Watson T. F. , Oliveira M. T. , Giannini M. , Marchi G. M.
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance

The description of the chief characteristics of Y-TZP ceramics provides a background for its clinical application. Both the improved mechanical properties and the lower bonding ability of Y-TZP materials are frequently suggested by the literature. Nevertheless, the combination of air abrasion with aluminum oxide particles (silanated or not), followed by materials containing special reactive monomers, seems to be a potential adhesion mechanism.
The Effect of Three Variables on Shear Bond Strength When Luting A Resin Inlay to Dentin
Authors: Lee J-I. , Park S-H.
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance

In order to maximize the bond strength of a resin inlay to dentin, the exposed dentin surface should be sealed with DBA before taking an impression. In addition, the bonding agent should be gently air dried and light cured before applying the luting material.
Influence of the Internal Conditioning of Indirect Restorations of Resin Composite in Relation to Microleakage Using LEDs and QTH Units
Authors: Calabrez-Filho S. , Calabrez V. C. N. , Reston E. G. , Andrade M. F. , Borges L. H.
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance

An efficient polymerization of resin composite inlays associated with treatment of the surface and luting with dual resinous cement and flowable resin composites presents better longevity of restorations.
Effect of Filler Ratio in Adhesive Systems on the Shear Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Porcelains
Authors: Güler A. U. , Sarikaya I. B. , Güler E. , Yücel AÇ
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance

The results of this study indicate that adhesive systems with a high filler ratio provide the greatest strength for resin repair of low-fusing feldspathic porcelain restorations. In addition, self-etching adhesive systems may not be indicated for such repairs.
The Effect of Flowable Materials on the Microleakage of Class II Composite Restorations That Extend Apical to the Cemento-enamel Junction
Authors: Sadeghi M. , Lynch C. D.
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance

The use of a flowable resin composite or compomer may reduce microleakage at the gingival floor of a deep Class II composite restoration that extends apical to the cemento-enamel junction.
Corrosion Sealing of Amalgam Restorations In Vitro
Authors: Mahler D. B. , Pham B. V. , Adey J. D.
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance

After placement, amalgam restorations exhibit a gap between the restoration and tooth structure, which fills with corrosion products during time in clinical service. To reduce the time necessary to fill this gap, an amalgam that exhibits a small initial gap shortly after setting and an amalgam that contains zinc is recommended.
Clinical Evaluation of Ceramic Inlays Compared to Composite Restorations
Authors: Lange R. T. , Pfeiffer P.
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance

Evopress ceramic inlays and Filtek Z250 composite restorations showed no significant difference regarding survival probability at 57 months when used as Class I and II restoratives in premolars and molars. Both materials demonstrated acceptable clinical performance, with a preference for the ceramic inlays.
Microleakage in Resin Composite Restorations After Antimicrobial Pre-treatments: Effect of KTP Laser, Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Clearfil Protect Bond
Authors: Siso H. S. , Kustarci A. , Göktolga E. G.
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance

Although none of the procedures tested in this study completely eliminated microleakage, KTP laser irradiation exhibited the lowest microleakage scores for both enamel and gingival margins.
Boosting Student Achievement: The Effect of Comprehensive School Reform on Student Achievement
Authors: Gross Betheny , Booker T. Kevin , Goldhaber Dan
Published: May 2009

Between the late 1980s and early 2000s, schools, districts, states, and the federal government devoted enormous resources to the implementation of Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) models. With more than 1.6 billion federal dollars distributed through the Comprehensive School Reform Demonstration (CSRD) project and its successor, the CSR project, states and districts made CSR adoption a central reform strategy for their lowest performing schools. Today, however, federal funding for CSR has dried up, and this policy has been left behind with few explicit efforts to assess the effect of these CSR funds on schools. In this article, the authors look back on this federal reform initiative and the effect it had on Texas students. Using promising analytic techniques for nonexperimental studies to investigate the effects of federal CSR awards on student achievement, the authors find that CSRD funding did not significantly effect students’ reading performance and that its effect on math performance varied across different student types.
Registration of Four Pima Cotton Germplasm Lines Having Good Levels of Fusarium Wilt Race 4 Resistance with Moderate Yields and Good Fibers
Authors: Ulloa M. , Percy R. , Zhang Jinfa , Hutmacher R. B. , Wright S. D. , Davis R. M.
Published: May 2009

Four Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) germplasm lines, SJ‐07P‐FR01 (Reg. No. GP‐910, PI 654065), SJ‐07P‐FR02 (Reg. No. GP‐911, PI 654066), SJ‐07P‐FR03 (Reg. No. GP‐912, PI 654067), and SJ‐07P‐FR04 (Reg. No. GP‐913, PI 654068), were developed by the USDA–ARS and New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station and jointly released with the University of California in 2008. The primary purpose for these releases is to provide germplasm with good levels of resistance to Fusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Atk. Sny & Hans] (FOV) race 4 to cotton breeders in California. Lines SJ‐07P‐FR01 to ‐FR03 originated from a cross made at New Mexico State University in 1997 of germplasm lines 8810 and NMSI 1601. The germplasm line SJ‐07P‐FR04 originated from reselection within the publicly released USDA–ARS germplasm line P 73. The lines were evaluated for resistance to race 4 in two field and three greenhouse trials conducted in 2003 and 2005. Five replicated field evaluations for yield potential, fiber characteristics, and other agronomic traits were conducted at Five Points, CA, Shafter, CA, and Maricopa, AZ, in 2005 and 2006. The SJ‐07P‐FR series possesses good resistance, moderate lint yield potential, and good to superior fiber length and strength. Caution should be applied when using these lines, and it should not be assumed that the lines provide complete resistance against FOV race 4.
Registration of 16 Sorghum Germplasm Lines
Authors: Peterson G. C. , Schaefer K. , Pendleton B. B.
Published: May 2009

The sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm lines Tx2945 through Tx2952 and Tx2954 through Tx2961 (Reg. No. GP‐645 to GP‐660, PI 655260 to PI 655275) were developed and released by Texas AgriLife Research (formerly the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station), Lubbock, TX, in 2006. These lines are 3‐dwarf (dw1Dw2dw3dw4) in height and possess unique combinations of tan plant color, agronomic traits, traits for resistance to head smut [Sphacelotheca reiliana (Kuhn) Clinton], rust [Puccinia purpurea (Cooke)], zonate leaf spot (Gloeocercospora sorghi Bain and Edgerton), bacterial leaf streak [Xanthomonas holcicola (Elliot) Starr and Burkholder], and bacterial leaf stripe [Pseudomonas andropogoni (E.F. Smith) Stapp], and biotype E greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] resistance.
Registration of ‘Bentley’ Barley
Authors: Juskiw P. E. , Helm J. H. , Oro M. , Nyachiro J. M. , Salmon D. F.
Published: May 2009

‘Bentley’ (Reg. No. CV‐342, PI 655071; CFIA Reg. No. 6489, Canadian PBR Appl. No. 08‐6331) is a two‐rowed, hulled, spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed at the Field Crop Development Centre (FCDC), Lacombe, AB, Canada. Bentley was tested in FCDC trials as H93103004 from 2000 to 2004 and in Prairie Recommending Committee for Oat and Barley trials as TR05669 and FB414 during 2005, 2006, and 2007. It was registered for production in western Canada due to its high yields for both grain and biomass, good agronomic performance, and good grain quality traits especially for malting. Bentley is resistant to the spot form of net blotch (caused by Pyrenophora teres forma maculate Smedge) and moderately resistant to the surface‐borne smuts (caused by Ustilago spp.) and spot blotch [caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechs. ex Dastur].
Registration of ‘AP‐4’ Peanut
Authors: Tillman B. L. , Gorbet D. W.
Published: May 2009

‘AP‐4’ (Reg. No. CV‐106, PI 654070) peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar was developed by the University of Florida, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, North Florida Research and Education Center (NFREC) near Marianna, FL. Tested under the experimental designation UF03325, AP‐4 was approved for release in 2007. AP‐4 was developed from a cross made in 1996 between a University of Florida breeding line (88 × OL3‐HO6‐) and the F1 (‘Andru 93’ × F435‐HO). Lines were advanced using single seed descent in the F2 to F4 generations and pedigree selection in the F5 and F6 generations. Seed from three F7 plants were bulked to form the line later designated UF03325. AP‐4 has larger‐than‐average runner‐type seeds and pods. The average weight of 100 sound mature kernels of AP‐4 was 71 g compared with 57 g for ‘Georgia Green’ (P < 0.0001), a typical runner‐type cultivar. The prostrate growth habit of AP‐4 is typical of runner‐type peanut cultivars. Release of AP‐4 was based on its pod yield and seed grade (total sound mature kernels [TSMK]). In 19 tests in Florida over 3 yr, the TSMK of AP‐4 averaged 77% compared with 73% for ‘AP‐3’ (P < 0.0001). AP‐3 is most noted for its high level of resistance to spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, but low TSMK has restricted its acceptance among farmers. AP‐4 has competitive pod yield potential and good resistance to spotted wilt. The improved TSMK of AP‐4 should provide improved revenue compared to AP‐3.
Registration of ‘Catahoula’ Rice
Authors: Blanche Sterling B. , Linscombe Steven D. , Sha X. , Bearb Karen F. , Groth Don E. , White Larry M. , Harrell D.
Published: May 2009

‘Catahoula’ (Reg. No. CV‐130, PI 654462), a conventional long‐grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center at the Rice Research Station near Crowley, LA, and approved for release by the director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2007. The population from which Catahoula was derived began as a single cross of RU9502008‐A/‘Drew’ that was made in 1997 at the Rice Research Station. The long‐grain female RU9502008‐A, a sister line to ‘Cocodrie’ first tested in the Uniform Regional Rice Nursery in 1995, is a high‐yielding, widely adapted, semidwarf experimental line. Drew is noted for its resistance to most major races of blast disease, caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. Catahoula originated as a selected F2:4 line in 2001. Subsequent testing in preliminary yield trials in 2002 indicated high yield and quality potential and favorable agronomic characteristics. From 2003 to 2007, Catahoula was tested in statewide and multistate yield and performance trials as RU0302082. Catahoula is a high‐yielding, blast‐resistant, semidwarf cultivar with good milling quality, excellent lodging resistance, and grain quality parameters within the U.S. long‐grain market classification.
Registration of ‘Willow Creek’ Forage Wheat
Authors: Cash S. D. , Bruckner P. L. , Wichman D. M. , Kephart K. D. , Berg J. E. , Hybner R. , Hafla A. N. , Surber L. M. M. , Boss D. L. , Carlson G. R. , Eckhoff J. L. , Stougaard R. N. , Kushnak G. D. , Riveland N. R.
Published: May 2009

‘Willow Creek’ forage winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. No. CV‐1032, PI 655073) was released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Awnletted cereal forages are widely used for hay production on integrated crop–livestock operations in the Northern Great Plains. Five awnletted winter wheat accessions were evaluated for forage characteristics in 1996 and 1997, and Willow Creek was selected directly from PI 306505. Willow Creek was evaluated in replicated trials for forage yield and quality, grain yield, and agronomic characteristics from 1998 through 2008. Willow Creek is an awnletted winter wheat cultivar with good performance as an annual hay crop under irrigated or rainfed conditions in Montana and Wyoming. This cultivar has excellent winterhardiness and is tall and late‐maturing. Willow Creek has good forage quality characteristics suitable for use by livestock in winter maintenance diets.
Registration of ‘CP 01‐1372’ Sugarcane
Authors: Edmé Serge J. , Davidson R. Wayne , Gilbert Robert A. , Comstock Jack C. , Glynn Neil C. , Glaz Barry , del Blanco Isabel A. , Miller Jimmy D. , Tai Peter Y. P.
Published: May 2009

‘CP 01‐1372’ (Reg. No. CV‐136, PI 655942) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was developed through cooperative research conducted by the USDA–ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc., and was released to growers in Florida in December 2008. CP 01‐1372 was selected from a cross of genotype CP 94‐1200 × ‘CP 89‐2143’ made at Canal Point, FL, in December 1998. The female parent, CP 94‐1200, was advanced to the final selection stage (Stage 4) of the Canal Point sugarcane cultivar breeding and selection program. The male parent, CP 89‐2143, is a major sugarcane cultivar in Florida. CP 01‐1372 was released because of its high cane yield and commercial recoverable sucrose on both organic and sand soils, and its acceptable levels of resistance to brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. & P. Syd.), orange rust [caused by P. kuehnii (Kruger) E. Butler], leaf scald [caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson], Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E (mosaic), and ratoon stunt (caused by Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli Davis et al.) in Florida.
Registration of ‘CPCL 97‐2730’ Sugarcane
Authors: Milligan Scott B. , Davidson R. Wayne , Edmé Serge J. , Comstock Jack C. , Hu Chen-Jian , Holder David G. , Glaz Barry , Glynn Neil C. , Gilbert Robert A.
Published: May 2009

Research to develop ‘CPCL 97‐2730’ (Reg. No. CV‐137, PI 655943) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was initiated by the United States Sugar Corporation (USSC) and completed cooperatively by the USDA–ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc. CPCL 97‐2730 was released to growers in Florida in December 2008. CPCL 97‐2730 was selected from a cross of USSC proprietary genotypes CL 75‐0853 × CL 88‐4730 made at Clewiston, FL, in December 1996. The female parent, CL 75‐0853, had high commercial recoverable sucrose (CRS) but because of low cane yields was not used extensively by USSC. The male parent, CL 88‐4730, is a high‐yielding genotype that USSC is evaluating in commercial fields with sand and muck soils for possible extended use. CPCL 97‐2730 was released because of its acceptable yields of cane and CRS on sand soils and its resistance to smut (caused by Ustilago scitaminea Syd. & P. Syd.), brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. & P. Syd.), orange rust [caused by P. kuehnii (Kruger) E. Butler], leaf scald [caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson], and sugarcane mosaic virus strain E.
Seasonal Variation of Heavy metals in water samples from the Sitalakhya River
Authors: Islam Muhammad Zakarul , Azim Mohammad Alaul , Islam Rafiqul , Quraishi Shamshed B
Published: May 2009

The study was carried out to analyze the concentration of the trace heavy elements in water from five different stations of Sitalakhya river and was sampled every three months from December 4 to September 5. All the samples were analyzed for the determination of trace elements by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. The concentration of iron, lead, cadmium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, copper ranged from 1.26 - 8.31, < 17.96 - 22.60, < 3.00 - 3.72, 29.38 - 197.33, < 4.05 - 7.91, < 10.66 - 23.84, < 4.05 - 9.57, 7.86 - 36.11 and 3.08 - 12.82 Î¼g/l. The concentration of different elements varied in different season and the maximum amount was observed in the dry season (March). The present study also revealed that although the pollution level is not alarming yet but it increasing slowly. The water quality characteristics were within the permissible level of Bangladesh standard and below the EPA and WHO standard except for iron. From this study it is clear that the water of this river is not an immediate threat to ecosystem but some parameters may gradually deteriorate with time and in future may cause a threat to ecosystem. doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2437 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, 13-22, 2008
Alumnium and Silicon Concentrations in some lake waters of Bangladesh
Authors: Quraishi Shamshad Begum
Published: May 2009

A study on Aluminium (Al) and Silicon (Si) in different Lake waters in different seasons around Dhaka city was carried out using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry (ICP-AES). The highest concentration of Si was found in March and lowest was in August in case of all the Lakes and Si concentration decreased in the order of Rupnagar Lake > Gulshan Lake > Ramna Lake > Dhanmondi Lake. On the other hand, in some cases, comparatively higher concentrations of Al were found in March and then these decrease in June and again increase in August indicating these lakes may be getting contamination during rainy season. Among the four Lakes, Al concentration decreased in the order of Dhanmondi > Ramna > Gulshan > Rupnagar. This may be due to the formation of hydroxyaluminosilicate at high total silicon concentration. It is also notable that the level of Al in these four Lakes is much higher than the Bangladesh drinking water standard for Al. Keywords : Lake water, seasonal variation, aluminium and silicon, ICP-AES doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2440 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, 33-39, 2008
The Endomorphism Semigroup of a Special Semigroup
Authors: Majumdar Subrata , Hossain Mohd. Altab
Published: May 2009

The endomorphism semigroup for a class of commutative semigroups, called special semigroups, will be studied their structures will be determined in some important cases. AMS Classification : 20 Keywords: Special semigroups, freeness, divisibility, direct sums, endomorphism, endomorphism semigroup. doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2442 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, 55-60, 2008
Decay of Temperature Fluctuations in MHD Turbulent flow in presence of dust particles before the final period
Authors: Rahman ML
Published: May 2009

This paper reports the decay of temperature fluctuation in homogeneous MHD turbulence in the presence of dust particles before the final period. We have considered the two and three point correlation equations and solved them after neglecting the fourth order correlations in comparison with the second and third order correlations. Finally, the energy decay law for temperature fluctuation of MHD turbulence in the presence of dust particles at times before the final period is obtained. doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2443 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, 61-70, 2008
Measurement of Dielectric Constant Îµâ of Fe73.5-Cu1- Ta3-Si13.5-B9 Biphase Metallic glass
Authors: Ahsan MZ , Khan FA
Published: May 2009

doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2448 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, 107-109, 2008
Solvent Effects on thermal cis-to-trans isomerization of Azobenzene: UV/VIS spectroscopic studies
Authors: Khayer Khurshida , Sander Wolfram
Published: May 2009

doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2449 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, 111-116, 2008
Study on the Lead pollution caused by automobile exhaust in Sylhet City
Authors: Quraishi Shamshad B , Islam Shahidul , Younus Muhammad
Published: May 2009

doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2450 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, 117-120, 2008
Effect of Substitution of Al for Fe on the Magnetic Phase Transition and Initial Permeability of Zn-Co Ferrites
Authors: Zakaria AKM , Hakim MA , Asgar MA
Published: May 2009

The spinel oxides Zn0.4Co0.6AlxFe2-xO4 (x=0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 & 1.0) have been synthesized in the solid state sintering process in air. X-ray diffraction measurements have been carried out in order to check the phase which showed single phase spinel structure for all the samples. Initial permeability, frequency dependence of the complex permeability sintered at different temperatures has been measured on toroidal samples in the frequency range 1-500 KHz at room temperature. Temperature dependence of the complex permeability has been measured from room temperature to 435Â°C. Transition temperatures (TC) have been estimated from the temperature dependence of the permeability spectra for all the samples. It is found that the values of transition temperatures (TC) and initial permeability (mi) decrease with increasing substitution of Al content in the system. The values of TC obtained from permeability spectra are compared with those obtained from neutron diffraction data and magnetization measurements. doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i2.2426 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences Vol.32(2) 2008 201-208
Trends in Particulate Matter (PM) and Lead Pollution in Ambient Air of Dhaka City in Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Bilkis A , Biswas Swapan K
Published: May 2009

Airborne particulate matter (PM) samples collected at a semi-residential area in Dhaka during the period of 1997-2005 by Gent sample. The samples were analyzed by PIXE (Proton Induced X-Ray Emission). It was found that due to the banning of leaded gasoline together with other stepwise policy intervention, the air quality tends to become moderate. From the high standard deviation of Pb after banning of leaded gasoline, it can remarked that there is still emission of Pb which is not so frequent. As a result the yearly average Pb value has increased slowly. This increased value is not related with black carbon or bromine. It may come from paints, manufacturing products for Pb acid batteries and foundries etc. Therefore, suspect sources should be investigated and controlled for the management of pb level in the ambient air. Key words: Proton Induced X-Ray Emission, Pb acid batteries, Particulate Matter doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i2.2427 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences Vol.32(2) 2008 209-217
A Variety of Magnetism in CuMpt6 (M=3d Transition Metals) Ternary Alloys
Authors: Das AK , Zakaria AKM , Kamal I
Published: May 2009

The magnetic properties of polycrystalline CuMPt6 (M= Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) ternary alloys were studied by Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) over the temperature range 4-300 K. Magnetization measurements revealed that the compounds containing M=Ti, V and Ni are paramagnetic. A spin glass type magnetic behavior appeared in the compounds with M= Cr and Mn in their annealed state and the corresponding temperatures for freezing the magnetic moments were Tg= 15 and 40 K, respectively. Positive values of the paramagnetic Curie temperature (Q) indicated that the ferromagnetic interaction is dominant in these spin-glass compounds. The compounds with M= Fe and Co showed ferromagnetic behavior having Curie temperatures (TC) = 230, and 190 K, respectively. Hysteresis study showed that the alloy with M=Co was magnetically softer than that with M=Fe. Keywords: CuMPt6 ternary alloys, Magnetic behavior, Effective magnetic moments (Peff), Spin glass type. doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i2.2428 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences Vol.32(2) 2008 218-225
Sofware Development Standard and Software Engineering Practice: A Case Study of Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Zerina , Khan Mohammed Shafiul Alam , Hafiz MZ , Islam Md Saiful , Shoyaib MD
Published: May 2009

Improving software process to achieve high quality in a software development organization is the key factor to success. Bangladeshi software firms have not experienced much in this particular area in comparison to other countries. The ISO 9001 and CMM standard has become a basic part of software development. The main objectives of our study are: 1) To understand the software development process uses by the software developer firms in Bangladesh 2) To identify the development practices based on established quality standard and 3) To establish a standardized and coherent process for the development of software for a specific project. It is revealed from this research that software industries of Bangladesh are lacking in target set for software process and improvement, involvement of quality control activities, and standardize business expertise practice. This paper investigates the Bangladeshi software industry in the light of the above challenges. doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i2.2432 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences Vol.32(2) 2008 131-141
Development of the Jackson Heart Study Coordinating Center
Authors: Campbell-Jenkins Brenda  W. , Addison Clifton  C. , Young Lavon , Anugu Pramod , Wilson Gregory , Sarpong Daniel
Published: May 2009

The public health burden caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to adversely affect individuals in terms of cost, life expectancy, medical, pharmaceutical and hospital care. This burden has been excessive in the case of African Americans. The objective of this paper is to chronicle the procedures and processes that were implemented in the development of the Jackson Heart Study Coordinating Center. The Jackson Heart Study (JHS) is a population-based investigation of traditional and emerging risk factors that predict progression to CVD among African Americans. In response to the struggle against CVD, the Jackson Heart Study has convened a professional, technical, and administrative staff with specific competence in the operation of a coordinating center to handle the wide variety of areas related to CVD studies. The Jackson Heart Study Coordinating Center (JHSCC) was created to assure validity of the JHS findings and provide the resources necessary to meet comprehensive statistical needs (planning, implementing and monitoring data analysis); data management (designing, implementing and managing data collection and quality control), and administrative support. The JHSCC began with a commitment to support study functions in order to increase participant recruitment, retention and safety, meet regulatory requirements, prepare progress reports, and facilitate effective communication with the community and between all JHS centers. The JHSCC facilitates the efforts of the JHS scientists through the development and implementation of the study protocol. The efforts of the JHSCC have resulted in the successful preparation of scientific reports and manuscripts for publication and presentation of study findings and results. In summary, the JHSCC has emerged as an effective research mechanism that serves as the driving force behind the Jackson Heart Study activities.
Concept of Sustained Ordering and an ATP-related Mechanism of Life’s Origin
Authors: Galimov Erik M.
Published: May 2009

This paper shows that the steadystate of a system of conjugated reactions, which are characterized by disproportionation of entropy and proceed in the domain of linear interactions, is an attractor of ordering. Such systems are primed to produce ordering, and life is a specific manifestation of the sustained ordering inherent to the chemistry of carbon. The adenosine triphospate (ATP) molecule has properties which makes ATP hydrolysis to be most appropriate to form such a system in primitive world. Hence, ATP is suggested to play a key role in prebiological evolution. Principles of the origin and evolution of life following from the concept of ordering are stated.
Effects of Hydroxylpropyl-β-Cyclodextrin on in Vitro Insulin Stability
Authors: Zhang Liefeng , Zhu Wenjie , Song Lingling , Wang Yifan , Jiang Hui , Xian Suyun , Ren Yong
Published: May 2009

The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) on the in vitro stability of insulin. It was found that HP-β-CD had positive effects on the stability of insulin in acid and base and under high temperature conditions. Furthermore, use of HP-β-CD could also increase the stability of disulfide bonds which are important to the conformation of insulin. Through 1H-NMR experiments it was found that the protective effect of HP-β-CD was due to complexation with insulin. The results suggest that the presence of HP-β-CD could improve the stability of insulin in different environments.
A Procedure for High Resolution Satellite Imagery Quality Assessment
Authors: Crespi Mattia , De Vendictis Laura
Published: May 2009

Data products generated from High Resolution Satellite Imagery (HRSI) are routinely evaluated during the so-called in-orbit test period, in order to verify if their quality fits the desired features and, if necessary, to obtain the image correction parameters to be used at the ground processing center. Nevertheless, it is often useful to have tools to evaluate image quality also at the final user level. Image quality is defined by some parameters, such as the radiometric resolution and its accuracy, represented by the noise level, and the geometric resolution and sharpness, described by the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). This paper proposes a procedure to evaluate these image quality parameters; the procedure was implemented in a suitable software and tested on high resolution imagery acquired by the QuickBird, WorldView-1 and Cartosat-1 satellites.