bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of computer‐aided colonoscopy on adenoma miss rates and polyp detection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shah Sagar , Park Nathan , Chehade Nabil El Hage , Chahine Anastasia , Monachese Marc , Tiritilli Amelie , Moosvi Zain , Ortizo Ronald , Samarasena Jason
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim

Multiple computer‐aided techniques utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) have been created to improve the detection of polyps during colonoscopy and thereby reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. While adenoma detection rates (ADR) and polyp detection rates (PDR) are important colonoscopy quality indicators, adenoma miss rates (AMR) may better quantify missed lesions, which can ultimately lead to interval colorectal cancer. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the efficacy of computer‐aided colonoscopy (CAC) with respect to AMR, ADR, and PDR in randomized controlled trials.

Methods

A comprehensive, systematic literature search was performed across multiple databases in September of 2022 to identify randomized, controlled trials that compared CAC with traditional colonoscopy. Primary outcomes were AMR, ADR, and PDR.

Results

Fourteen studies totaling 10 928 patients were included in the final analysis. There was a 65% reduction in the adenoma miss rate with CAC (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.25–0.49, P < 0.001, I2 = 50%). There was a 78% reduction in the sessile serrated lesion miss rate with CAC (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08–0.65, P < 0.01, I2 = 0%). There was a 52% increase in ADR in the CAC group compared with the control group (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.39–1.67, P = 0.04, I2 = 47%). There was 93% increase in the number of adenomas > 10 mm detected per colonoscopy with CAC (OR 1.93; 95% CI, 1.18–3.16, P < 0.01, I2 = 0%).

Conclusions

The results of the present study demonstrate the promise of CAC in improving AMR, ADR, PDR across a spectrum of size and morphological lesion characteristics.
Anticonvulsant use in persons living with dementia: When is it justified?
Authors: Carnahan Ryan M. , Saliba Debra
Published: November 2022

This editorial comments on the article by Candon et al. in this issue.
Disruption and Credit Markets
Authors: BECKER BO , IVASHINA VICTORIA
Published: November 2022

We show that over the past half‐century, innovative disruptions were central to understanding corporate defaults. In a given year, industries experiencing abnormally high venture capital or initial public offering activity subsequently see higher default rates, higher segment exits by conglomerates, and higher yields on bonds issued by the firms in these industries. Overall, we find that disruption is a broad phenomenon, negatively affecting incumbent firms across the spectrum of age, valuation, and levers, with the exception of very large and low‐leverage firms, in line with our central hypothesis.
Prevalence of aldosterone breakthrough in dogs receiving renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors for proteinuric chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ames Marisa K. , Vaden Shelly L. , Atkins Clarke E. , Palerme Jean‐Sebastien , Langston Catherine E. , Grauer Gregory F. , Shropshire Sarah , Bove Christina , Webb Tracy
Published: November 2022

Background

The influence of aldosterone breakthrough (ABT) on proteinuria reduction during renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition for spontaneous proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKDP) has not been determined in dogs.

Objectives

Determine whether ABT occurs in dogs with CKDPand if it is associated with decreased efficacy in proteinuria reduction during RAS inhibitor treatment.

Animals

Fifty‐six client‐owned dogs with CKDPand 31 healthy client‐owned dogs.

Methods

Prospective, multicenter, open‐label clinical trial. Dogs were treated with an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker alone or in combination at the attending clinician's discretion and evaluated at 5 time points over 6 months. Healthy dogs were used to determine the urine aldosterone‐to‐creatinine ratio cutoff that defined ABT. The relationship of ABT (present at ≥50% of visits) and proteinuria outcome (≥50% reduction in urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio from baseline at ≥50% of subsequent visits) was evaluated. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between clinical variables and outcomes (either successful proteinuria reduction or ABT).

Results

Thirty‐six percent (20/56) of dogs had successful proteinuria reduction. Between 34% and 59% of dogs had ABT, depending on the definition used. Aldosterone breakthrough was not associated with proteinuria outcome. Longer duration in the study was associated with greater likelihood of successful proteinuria reduction (P = .002; odds ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2‐2.2).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Aldosterone breakthrough was common in dogs receiving RAS inhibitors for CKDpbut was not associated with proteinuria outcome.
Endothelin receptor antagonists in kidney protection for diabetic kidney disease and beyond?
Authors: Chung Edmund Y. M. , Badve Sunil V. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , Wong Muh Geot
Published: November 2022

The burden of chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide, largely due to the increasing global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. While renin angiotensin system inhibitors and sodium‐glucose cotransporter two inhibitors are the management cornerstone for reducing kidney and cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetic and non‐diabetic kidney disease (DKD), they are partially effective and further treatments are needed to prevent the progression to kidney failure. Endothelin receptor antagonism represent a potential additional therapeutic option due to its beneficial effect on pathophysiological processes involved in progressive kidney disease including proteinuria, which are independently associated with progression of kidney disease. This review discusses the biological mechanisms of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) in kidney protection, the efficacy and safety of ERA in randomised controlled trials reporting on kidney outcomes, and its potential future use in both diabetic and non‐DKDs.
Effects of melodic intonation therapy in patients with chronic nonfluent aphasia
Authors: Marchina Sarah , Norton Andrea , Schlaug Gottfried
Published: November 2022

Patients with large left‐hemisphere lesions and post‐stroke aphasia often remain nonfluent. Melodic intonation therapy (MIT) may be an effective alternative to traditional speech therapy for facilitating recovery of fluency in those patients. In an open‐label, proof‐of‐concept study, 14 subjects with nonfluent aphasia with large left‐hemisphere lesions (171 ± 76 cc) underwent two speech/language assessments before, one at the midpoint, and two after the end of 75 sessions (1.5 h/session) of MIT. Functional MR imaging was done before and after therapy asking subjects to vocalize the same set of 10 bi‐syllabic words. We found significant improvements in speech output after a period of intensive MIT (75 sessions for a total of 112.5 h) compared to two pre‐therapy assessments. Therapy‐induced gains were maintained 4 weeks post‐treatment. Imaging changes were seen in a right‐hemisphere network that included the posterior superior temporal and inferior frontal gyri, inferior pre‐ and postcentral gyri, pre‐supplementary motor area, and supramarginal gyrus. Functional changes in the posterior right inferior frontal gyri significantly correlated with changes in a measure of fluency. Intense training of intonation‐supported auditory‐motor coupling and engaging feedforward/feedback control regions in the unaffected hemisphere improves speech‐motor functions in subjects with nonfluent aphasia and large left‐hemisphere lesions.
Genetic architecture of non‐syndromic skeletal class III malocclusion
Authors: Zhou Xi , Zhang Chengcheng , Yao Siyue , Fan Liwen , Ma Lan , Pan Yongchu
Published: November 2022

Non‐syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion is a major craniofacial disorder characterized by genetic and environmental factors. Patients with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion require orthognathic surgery to obtain aesthetic facial appearance and functional occlusion. Recent studies have demonstrated that susceptible chromosomal regions and genetic variants of candidate genes play important roles in the etiology of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the genetic factors that affect non‐syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion, including the patterns of inheritance and multiple genetic approaches. We then summarize the functional studies on related loci and genes using cell biology and animal models, which will help to implement individualized therapeutic interventions.
A GntR family transcription factor in Porphyromonas gingivalis regulates bacterial growth, acylpeptidyl oligopeptidase, and gingipains activity
Authors: Qiu Yang , Tan Xuelian , Lei Zixue , Chen Xuan , Chen Jiamin , Gong Tao , Wu Yajie , Li Yuqing , Huang Dingming
Published: November 2022

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen for periodontitis. The function of the GntR family transcription factor is poorly studied in P. gingivalis. Numerous processes govern bacterial growth. The survival and pathogenicity of P. gingivalis depend heavily on its capacity to acquire amino acids as nutritional sources. In this investigation, a GntR transcription factor, pg1007, was identified in P. gingivalis, the deletion of which significantly inhibited bacterial growth. The mutant strain also exhibited an increased extracellular activity of gingipains and acylpeptidyl oligopeptidase (AOP). Global gene expression profiling revealed that the expression levels of 59 genes were significantly altered in the Δpg1007 mutant, with an upregulation in gene expression for AOP, ABC transporters, and some membrane proteins. In addition, His‐PG1007 protein was purified as a recombinant protein from Escherichia coli, and the conserved DNA sequence bound by it was determined using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting assays. Consequently, this study demonstrated that pg1007 is a crucial transcription factor in P. gingivalis and regulates the bacterial growth and activity of gingipains and AOP. These findings may enhance our understanding of the regulation of bacterial proliferation and protease activity in P. gingivalis.
Ultrasound‐guided supraclavicular cannulation of left brachiocephalic versus right internal jugular vein: Comparative analysis of central venous catheter‐associated complications
Authors: Falay Diyar , Schindler Ehrenfried , Mikus Marian , Asfour Boulos , Schroth Sylvia , Schenk Alina , Baehner Torsten
Published: November 2022

Aims

Central venous catheters are essential for the management of pediatric cardiac surgery patients. Recently, an ultrasound‐guided access via a supraclavicular approach to the brachiocephalic vein has been described. Central venous catheters are associated with a relevant number of complications in pediatric patients. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of complications of left brachiocephalic vein access compared with right internal jugular vein standard access in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of all pediatric cases at our tertiary care university hospital over a two‐year period receiving central venous catheters for cardiac surgery. Primary endpoint: Frequency of complications associated with central venous catheters inserted via the left brachiocephalic vein vs. right internal jugular vein. Complications were defined as: chylothorax, deep vein thrombosis, sepsis, or delayed chest closure. Secondary endpoints: Evaluation of the insertion depth of the catheter using a height‐based formula without adjustment for side used.

Results

Initially, 504 placed catheters were identified. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 480 placed catheters remained for final analysis. Overall complications were reported in 68/480 (14.2%) cases. There was no difference in the frequency of all complications in the left brachiocephalic vein vs. the right internal jugular vein group (15.49% vs. 13.65%; OR = 1.16 [0.64; 2.07]), nor was there any difference considering the most relevant complications chylothorax (7.7% vs. 8.6%; OR = 0.89 [0.39; 1.91]) and thrombosis (5.6% vs. 4.5%; OR = 1.28 [0.46; 3.31]). The mean deviation from the optimal insertion depth was left brachiocephalic vein vs. right internal jugular vein 5.38 ± 13.6 mm and 4.94 ± 15.1 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

Among children undergoing cardiac surgery, there is no significant difference between the supraclavicular approach to the left brachiocephalic vein and the right internal jugular vein regarding complications. For both approaches, a universal formula can be used to determine the correct insertion depth.
Between‐partner concordance of vertically transmitted gut microbiota diminishes reproductive output in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus
Authors: Macagno Anna L. M. , Moczek Armin P.
Published: November 2022

In this study, we explored the potential contribution of the gut microbiome to reproductive isolation in tunnelling dung beetles, using Onthophagus taurus (Schreber, 1759) and its sister species O. illyricus (Scopoli, 1763) as a model system (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini). Gut microbiota play critical roles in normative development of these beetles, and are vertically inherited via a maternally derived faecal pellet called the pedestal. We first compared the developmental outcomes of individuals reared with pedestals derived from either the same or the sister species (Self and Cross inoculation treatments, respectively). We then crossed the resulting adult O. taurus in three combinations (Self female X Self male; Self female X Cross male; Cross female X Self male). We predicted that if the vertically transmitted gut microbiome plays a role in reproductive isolation by facilitating species recognition, the Self X Self line would have improved reproductive outcomes compared to the lines in which partners had mismatched gut microbiomes. Instead, we found that between‐partner concordance of maternally transmitted gut microbiota resulted in fewer offspring, and that this reduction was due to partial pre‐copulatory isolation as evidenced by reduced sperm transfer in the Self X Self line. This pattern is consistent either with microbiome‐mediated familiarity/kin recognition, or with absence of mate choice in crosses with mismatched microbiomes. We discuss our results in the light of recent research on the influence of extracellular microbial symbionts over insects' mating preferences.
Rice anther tapetum: a vital reproductive cell layer for sporopollenin biosynthesis and pollen exine patterning
Authors: Tariq N. , Yaseen M. , Xu D. , Rehman H. M. , Bibi M. , Uzair M.
Published: November 2022

The tapetum is the innermost layer of the four layers of the rice anther that provides protection and essential nutrients to pollen grain development and delivers precursors for pollen exine formation. The tapetum has a key role in the normal development of pollen grains and tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) that is linked with sporopollenin biosynthesis and transport. Recently, many genes have been identified that are involved in tapetum formation in rice and Arabidopsis. Genetic mutation in PCD‐associated genes could affect normal tapetal PCD, which finally leads to aborted pollen grains and male sterility in rice. In this review, we discuss the most recent research on rice tapetum development, including genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies. Furthermore, tapetal PCD, sporopollenin biosynthesis, ROS activity for tapetum function and its role in male reproductive development are discussed in detail. This will improve our understanding of the role of the tapetum in male fertility using rice as a model system, and provide information that can be applied in rice hybridization and that of other major crops.
Bureaucrats as policy makers: Minority accommodation and exclusion in ethnic nation‐states
Authors: Talal Olga
Published: November 2022

Why do some ethnic nation‐states employ simultaneously inconsistent policies toward ethnic minorities, accommodating them in one sphere but excluding them from another? This article argues that this incoherent treatment of minorities results from the delegation of authority to bureaucrats. Building on the principal‐agent approach and nationalism scholarship, this work develops a causal mechanism explaining the conditions under which bureaucrats can shift state policies toward ethnic minorities and the types of policy preferences they seek to materialize. Defining policy problems, strategically framing optimal solutions, and building support for policy initiatives are the mechanisms through which nonelected officials challenge the existingstatus quoand seek to shift state policies toward ethnic minorities. This theoretical framework is applied to education and land policies in Israelvis‐à‐visthe Palestinian Arab citizens to illustrate how entrepreneurial bureaucrats can bring about diverse policy outcomes toward the same minority.

Related Articles

Ben‐Bassat, Avi, and Momi Dahan. 2018. “Biased Policy and Political Behavior: The Case of Uneven Removal of Elected Mayors in Israel.”Politics & Policy46(6): 912–50.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12280.

Harel‐Shalev, Ayelet. 2009. “Lingual and Educational Policy toward ‘Homeland Minorities’ in Deeply Divided Societies: India and Israel as Case Studies.”Politics & Policy37(5): 951–70.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00206.x.

Tusalem, Rollin F. 2015. “Ethnic Minority Governments, Democracy, and Human Rights.”Politics & Policy43(4): 502–37.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12125.
Developmental trends of auditory novelty oddball P3 while accounting for N2 in 7‐ to 25‐year‐olds
Authors: Mingils Susan M. , Davies Patricia L. , Stephens Jaclyn A. , Gavin William J.
Published: November 2022

Many previous studies examining developmental trends in P3 amplitude or latency have used a two‐stimulus (standard and target) oddball paradigm. Fewer studies exist using the novelty oddball paradigm, a three‐tone (standard, target, and novel) paradigm. In this study with 204 typically developing participants aged 7–25 years, the influence of participant traits—age and sex—on the developmental trends of P3 peak‐to‐peak amplitude and latency were examined. Additionally, interactions between the three tones of the novelty oddball paradigm and scalp sites on P3 amplitude and latency were evaluated. While previous studies using baseline‐to‐peak measures have shown smaller P3 amplitude in children compared with adults, this study, using peak‐to‐peak measures (P3 minus N2 amplitude), found the opposite effect with children having larger P3 amplitudes than adults. This finding is explained by further analyses of N2, representing discrimination. N2 baseline‐to‐peak amplitude significantly predicted P3 baseline‐to‐peak amplitude; a mediation effect such that as N2 becomes less negative, P3 becomes larger. Regression analyses revealed that developmental trends of the P3 amplitude were primarily linear, but trends in P3 latency were mostly non‐linear. Sex differences were observed, although limited to latency measures. Results fromancovas found significant interactions between the three tones and between frontal (Fz) and parietal (Pz) sites, with larger P3 amplitude during target and novel tones at Pz than Fz, and larger amplitudes during frequent tones at Fz than Pz. These findings highlight the importance of considering more than P3 amplitude in understanding developmental trends in cognitive processing during oddball paradigms.
Effect of oestrous expression prior to timed artificial insemination with sexed semen on pregnancy rate in dairy cows
Authors: Guner Baris , Erturk Melih , Dursun Mehmet , Ozturk Buse , Yilmazbas‐Mecitoglu Gulnaz , Keskin Abdulkadir , Dikmen Serdal , Gumen Ahmet
Published: November 2022

The objectives of the study were to determine (1) oestrous expression rate and (2) the effect of oestrous expression prior to progesterone‐based Ovsynch protocol on pregnancy rate in Holstein cows. All cows (n = 917) were subjected to 7‐day progesterone‐based Ovsynch protocol. In this protocol, cows that expressed oestrus before (HEAT1) the scheduled second GnRH were inseminated 20 h later after the onset of oestrus without GnRH administration. Cows that expressed oestrus after the second GnRH administration (HEAT2) or did not express oestrus (NOHEAT) received fixed‐timed AI. Oestrous expression was determined by using activity‐rumination monitoring system and all cows were inseminated with sexed semen. Oestrous expression rate prior to FTAI was 40.5% and the majority (p < .01) of oestrous expression were in HEAT2 compared with HEAT1 in both primiparous (71.8 vs. 28.1%) and multiparous cows (69.5 vs. 30.5%). The mean interval from intravaginal device removal to the onset of oestrus was 47.4 ± 0.9 h and 62.9 ± 0.5 in HEAT1 and HEAT2, respectively. Primiparous cows (47.7%) had a higher (p < .01) expression rate compared with multiparous cows (37.2%). Overall pregnancy rate was 37.4% and there was two‐way significant interaction between parity and oestrous expression on pregnancy rate (p < .01). Both primiparous (48.1 vs. 35.8%) and multiparous cows (47.4 vs. 28.4%) that expressed oestrus had greater (p < .01) pregnancy rate compared with cows that did not express oestrus. There was no difference in pregnancy rates of HEAT1 and HEAT2 in both primiparous (44.7 vs. 49.5%) and multiparous cows (47.2 vs. 47.6%). Pregnancy rate was not influenced (p = .21) by milk production (high or low) in both primiparous (47.6 vs. 48.6%) and multiparous (54.9 vs. 42.1%) cows that expressed oestrus, respectively. In conclusion, cows showing oestrus before or after second GnRH of the Ovsynch protocol had greater pregnancy rate than cows not showing oestrus.
Mines to forests? Analyzing long‐term recovery trends for surface coal mines in Central Appalachia
Authors: Thomas Christian J. , Shriver Robert K. , Nippgen Fabian , Hepler Matthew , Ross Matthew R. V.
Published: November 2022

Mountaintop removal mining, and other surface mining operations have severe, large‐scale impacts on the communities and ecosystems of Appalachia. The impact of this disturbance surpasses that of other land clearing events, such as fire or timber harvesting; mines remove both established vegetation and soil, but also alter landscape topography. The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act legally mandates restoration of former mines after the end of mining activity, yet the long‐term outcomes of restoration efforts across Central Appalachia are unknown. We conducted the first regionwide analysis of the lands mined between 1985 and 2015 in Central Appalachia, and explore post‐mining ecological trajectories. Pairing mine‐footprint and remote sensing data, we characterize the vegetation trends and site health at 71,140 mine sites across Central Appalachia. We use first order autoregressive models to describe the rates of recovery, expected long‐term ecological state, and probability of recovery to reference state for former mines. We found that only 7.9% of sites recover to 95% of the forest reference condition in all remote sensing indices. Overall only 0.10% of sites have a 95% probability of reaching or exceeding reference forests in all remote sensing indices. While much of these mined lands are intentionally not being reforested, 19% of mines in Kentucky, 81% of mines in Virginia, and 46.5% of mines in West Virginia have declared forestry as the primary land use for post‐mining operations. Our results indicate that post‐mining forests are not recovering to a level that is consistent with average forest conditions in similar unmined sites.
Pictures Instead of Survey Questions: An Experimental Investigation of the Feasibility of Using Pictures in a Housing Survey
Authors: Ilic Goran , Lugtig Peter , Schouten Barry , Streefkerk Maarten , Mulder Joris , Kumar Pradeep , Höcük Seyit
Published: November 2022

Anyone with a smartphone can take pictures anytime anywhere. This opens the opportunity for researchers to collect photos to augment traditional Web survey data. We conducted an experimental survey asking 2700 members of the Dutch LISS panel about their dwelling conditions. Depending on the condition, they were asked to either take several photos of their house or answer a set of survey questions about the same topics. This paper documents the feasibility of collecting pictures instead of answers in a web survey and studies the consequences of using pictures/questions or a choice for components of Total Survey Error. We find that respondents in our study were much more willing to answer survey questions than to take pictures, but this difference depended on the difficulty of the topic. We then compare the quality of the data from the pictures of the heating systems with the survey responses. Here we find that our pictures contain more useful information than the survey responses. Overall, we conclude that asking respondents to take a picture within a survey can be a feasible way to collect high-quality data.
Communicating the move to individualized donor selection policy: Framing messages focused on recipients and safety
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn , Bowen Sarah , Lawrence Claire , Starmer Chris , Barr Abigail , Davison Katy , Reynolds Claire , Brailsford Susan R
Published: November 2022

Background

Men‐who‐have‐sex‐with‐men (MSM) have been deferred from donating blood. However, recent evidence supports the adoption of donor screening based on individuals' sexual behavior over population‐based criteria. We explore how best to frame communications about adopting this change to minimize any potential negative consequences (e.g., reduced donor numbers). We examine the effectiveness of risk (emphasizing safety vs. emphasizing low risk), and focus (donor vs. recipient) frames on intentions to donate blood (approach) or feeling deterred from donating (avoid), and mechanisms linked to under‐reporting sexual behavior.

Study Design and Methods

We conducted a 2 (risk frame: risk vs. safety) by 3 (focus: donor vs. recipient vs. both) between‐subjects online experiment (n = 2677). The main outcomes were intentions to donate and feelings of being put‐off/deterred from donating (both for self and others). We also assessed the extent that forgetting, embarrassment/shame, and question irrelevance were perceived to be associated with under‐reporting sexual behavior.

Results

Frames that focused on safety or a recipient resulted in people reporting being less deterred from donating. Regardless of frame, people from ethnic minorities were more likely to feel deterred. Embarrassment/shame followed by forgetting and perceived irrelevance were the main reasons for under‐reporting sexual behaviors, especially in ethnic minorities, and smartphones were perceived as an acceptable memory aid for sexual behavior.

Discussion

Blood services moving to an individualized policy should frame donor selection in terms of safety and/or a recipient focus, explore sensitivities in ethnic minority communities, consider ways to normalize reporting sexual behavior, and use smartphones as a memory aid.
La experiencia de vivir con cáncer colorrectal. Implicaciones en la vida cotidiana y en el proceso de atención sanitaria en Colombia
Authors: Giraldo Piedrahita Fernando , Arias-Valencia Samuel , Arroyave Ivan , Mejía Ortega Luz Mery
Published: November 2022

Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas, y en particular el cáncer colorrectal (CCR), devienen en una experiencia de vida crítica, pues la enfermedad invade y desarticula las esferas de la cotidianidad y de la identidad tanto de la persona como de la familia de quien lo sufre.
Objetivos: Comprender los significados de la experiencia vivida por las personas con diagnóstico de CCR en su vida cotidiana y en relación con la atención en salud recibida.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio fenomenológico a través de la realización de doce entrevistas en profundidad a personas con diagnóstico de CCR, lo que permitió establecer unidades de significado y de sentido sobre la experiencia de vivir con la enfermedad.
Resultados: Emergieron cuatro categorías temáticas: 1) el reconocimiento de la propia historia; 2) el derecho a la salud como eje de la dignidad humana; 3) las múltiples luchas para afrontar el CCR; y 4) el cáncer como otro “nacer” hacia la integralidad de la vida.
Conclusiones: Es necesario que se tenga en cuenta la experiencia de las personas con diagnósticos de CCR en la definición, planeación y ejecución de políticas públicas para el control de la enfermedad y del ejercicio clínico; ya que no pueden desaparecer de la escena, en tanto que son quienes conciben, observan, piensan e interpreta los fenómenos que atañen a la vivencia misma de la enfermedad.
Experimental Investigation of Dental Composites Degradation After Early Water Exposure
Authors: Gauthier Rémy , Abouelleil Hazem , Boussès Yoan , Brulat-Bouchard Nathalie , Colon Pierre , Chenal Jean-Marc , Tillier Yannick , Grosgogeat Brigitte
Published: November 2022

While dental composite long-term aging has already been studied in the past, no data exist about the early aging while it might be detrimental regarding the composites' longevity. This study aims to better understand the effects of early water exposure on dental composites. Dental resin composites with different fillers ratio were subjected to water exposure during 24 h, 1 week, or 1 month. After photopolymerization, the samples were stored at different conditions, whether in wet or dry condition (W, D, respectively) and in wet conditions after a first 24 h storage in dry conditions (DW). Three-point bending tests were performed to measure the flexural modulus. The samples were then subjected to a sorption/desorption protocol. While the matrix alone did not undergo any mechanical degradation with exposure time, the composites matrices presented a decrease in elastic modulus. This decrease was the highest for the matrix with nonsilanized fillers. Interestingly, the DW condition was detrimental for all the samples. Regarding the sample with nonsilanized fillers in DW for 1 month presented an elastic modulus lower than the matrix alone. These results were assigned to the sorption capacity of the polymer matrix, suggesting that the diffusion mechanisms and the nature of water molecules are determinant in the composite degradation. This study showed that dental composite early degradation mechanisms after water exposure are involved in the polymer matrix postpolymerization process as soon as after 24 h. Such mechanisms are detrimental in terms of the dental composite efficiency and have to be understood.
Global Behavior Analysis of Nonlinear Energy Sink Systems Using the Parallelized Multi-Degrees-of-Freedom Cell Mapping Method
Authors: Yang Qingchao , Li Shuang , Ma Zhaozhao
Published: November 2022

Nonlinear energy sink (NES) systems, when applied to a physical system with multiple interference sources, exhibit abundant nonlinear dynamic behaviors. However, current research in this respect is limited within the theoretical scope of deterministic systems. According to the theory of cell mapping, this paper introduces a parallel restructured algorithm to improve the performance of cell mapping and cell processing, and a parallelized multidegrees-of-freedom (DOF) cell mapping (PMDCM) method is given. With the method, the global behavior of NES systems is analyzed so that the dynamical behavior of multiple stable attractors within typical parameter intervals can be captured. The research results show that for NES systems, there is the phenomenon of multiple stable attractors coexisting in multiple typical parameter intervals, which occurs between periodic and periodic attractor, periodic and quasi-periodic, periodic and chaotic attractor. While revealing the corresponding relationship between different types of attractors and their basin of attraction, these findings verify that the new cell mapping method has high computational efficiency and accuracy and can provide a theoretical basis for the study of high-dimensional nonlinear systems' global behavior and optimal control.
Effect of Hf concentration on energy storage performance of lead-free BaHfxTi1−xO3 thin film capacitors
Authors: Duan Tingzhi , Hu Tianyi , Jin Jing , Ma Chunrui , Liu Ming
Published: November 2022

Dielectric capacitors have received extensive attention on account of their ultrahigh power density. In this paper, we successfully prepared Ba (HfxTi1−x) O3 (x = 0.05, 0.11, and 0.25) thin films on the (001) Nb-doped SrTiO3 substrates through a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering, and the leakage characteristics and energy storage properties of these films were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrates that all films are epitaxial. The leakage current decrease as x increases, which indicates that the introduction of Hf can effectively suppress the dielectric loss and enhance the breakdown strength. In the meanwhile, when x = 0.25, the maximal energy storage density with 64.0 J/cm3 and the excellent breakdown strength with 6.07 MV/cm are obtained. Likewise, the improved breakdown strength induces outstanding high temperature resistance in the wide temperature range of −100 to 200 °C, and the energy storage density and energy storage efficiency remain the value of 35.5 J/cm3 and 72.72% at 4 MV/cm in this temperature range. These results imply that Hf substitution is a feasible and operative way to improve energy storage performance of the film and provide feasibility for the future research of BaHfxTi1−xO3 series films.
Shear viscosity for finitely extensible chains with fluctuating internal friction and hydrodynamic interactions
Authors: Kailasham R. , Chakrabarti Rajarshi , Ravi Prakash J.
Published: November 2022

An exact solution of coarse-grained polymer models with fluctuating internal friction and hydrodynamic interactions has not been proposed so far due to a one-to-all coupling between the connector vector velocities that precludes the formulation of the governing stochastic differential equations. A methodology for the removal of this coupling is presented, and the governing stochastic differential equations, obtained by attaching a kinetic interpretation to the Fokker–Planck equation for the system, are integrated numerically using Brownian dynamics simulations. The proposed computational route eliminates the calculation of the divergence of the diffusion tensor, which appears in models with internal friction, and is about an order of magnitude faster than the recursion-based algorithm for the decoupling of connector-vector velocities previously developed [Kailasham et al., J. Rheol. 65, 903 (2021)] for the solution of freely draining models with internal friction. The effects of the interplay of various combinations of finite extensibility, internal friction, and hydrodynamic interactions on the steady-shear-viscosity are examined. While finite extensibility leads solely to shear-thinning, both internal friction and hydrodynamic interactions result in shear-thinning followed by shear-thickening. The shear-thickening induced by internal friction effects is more pronounced than that due to hydrodynamic interactions.
Patterns of Movement Performance and Consistency From Childhood to Old Age
Authors: Prebor Jessica , Samulski Brittany , Armitano-Lago Cortney , Morrison Steven
Published: November 2022

It is widely accepted that the general process of aging can be reflected by changes in motor function. Typically, optimal performance of a given motor task is observed for healthy young adults with declines being observed for individuals at either end of the lifespan. This study was designed to examine differences in the average and variability (i.e., intraindividual variability) of chewing, simple reaction time, postural control, and walking responses. For this study, 15 healthy children, 15 young adults, and 15 older adults participated. Our results indicated the movement performance for the reaction time and postural sway followed a U shape with young adults having faster reaction times and decreased postural sway compared to the children and older adults. However, this pattern was not preserved across all motor tasks with no age differences emerging for (normalized) gait speed, while chewing rates followed a U-shaped curve with older adults and children chewing at faster rates. Taken together, these findings would indicate that the descriptive changes in motor function with aging are heavily influenced by the nature of the task being performed and are unlikely to follow a singular pattern.
Identification of a minority population of LMO2
+
breast cancer cells that integrate into the vasculature and initiate metastasis
Authors: Sikandar Shaheen S. , Gulati Gunsagar S. , Antony Jane , Fetter Isobel , Kuo Angera H. , Ho William Hai Dang , Haro-Acosta Veronica , Das Soumyashree , Steen Chloé B. , Pereira Thiago Almeida , Qian Dalong , Beachy Philip A. , Dirbas Frederick M. , Red-Horse Kristy , Rabbitts Terence H. , Thiery Jean Paul , Newman Aaron M. , Clarke Michael F.
Published: November 2022

Metastasis is responsible for most breast cancer–related deaths; however, identifying the cellular determinants of metastasis has remained challenging. Here, we identified a minority population of immature
THY1
+
/
VEGFA
+
tumor epithelial cells in human breast tumor biopsies that display angiogenic features and are marked by the expression of the oncogene,
LMO2
. Higher abundance of
LMO2
+
basal cells correlated with tumor endothelial content and predicted poor distant recurrence–free survival in patients. Using

MMTV-PyMT/Lmo2
CreERT2

mice, we demonstrated that
Lmo2
lineage–traced cells integrate into the vasculature and have a higher propensity to metastasize. LMO2 knockdown in human breast tumors reduced lung metastasis by impairing intravasation, leading to a reduced frequency of circulating tumor cells. Mechanistically, we find that LMO2 binds to STAT3 and is required for STAT3 activation by tumor necrosis factor–α and interleukin-6. Collectively, our study identifies a population of metastasis-initiating cells with angiogenic features and establishes the LMO2-STAT3 signaling axis as a therapeutic target in breast cancer metastasis.
Force- and cell state–dependent recruitment of Piezo1 drives focal adhesion dynamics and calcium entry
Authors: Yao Mingxi , Tijore Ajay , Cheng Delfine , Li Jinyuan Vero , Hariharan Anushya , Martinac Boris , Tran Van Nhieu Guy , Cox Charles D. , Sheetz Michael
Published: November 2022

Mechanosensing is an integral part of many physiological processes including stem cell differentiation, fibrosis, and cancer progression. Two major mechanosensing systems—focal adhesions and mechanosensitive ion channels—can convert mechanical features of the microenvironment into biochemical signals. We report here unexpectedly that the mechanosensitive calcium-permeable channel Piezo1, previously perceived to be diffusive on plasma membranes, binds to matrix adhesions in a force-dependent manner, promoting cell spreading, adhesion dynamics, and calcium entry in normal but not in most cancer cells tested except some glioblastoma lines. A linker domain in Piezo1 is needed for binding to adhesions, and overexpression of the domain blocks Piezo1 binding to adhesions, decreasing adhesion size and cell spread area. Thus, we suggest that Piezo1 is a previously unidentified component of focal adhesions in nontransformed cells that catalyzes adhesion maturation and growth through force-dependent calcium signaling, but this function is absent in most cancer cells.
Maximum strength and dislocation patterning in multi–principal element alloys
Authors: Cao Penghui
Published: November 2022

Multi–principal element alloys (MPEAs) containing three or more components in high concentrations render a tunable chemical short-range order (SRO). Leveraging large-scale atomistic simulations, we probe the limit of Hall-Petch strengthening and deformation mechanisms in a model CrCoNi alloy and unravel chemical ordering effects. The presence of SRO appreciably increases the maximum strength and lowers the propensity for faulting and structure transformation, accompanied by intensification of planar slip and strain localization. Deformation grains exhibit notably different microstructures and dislocation patterns that prominently depend on their crystallographic orientation and the number of active slip planes. Grain of single-planar slip attains the highest volume fraction of deformation-induced structure transformation, and grain with double-slip planes develops the densest dislocation network. These results advancing the fundamental understanding of deformation mechanisms and dislocation patterning in MPEAs suggest a mechanistic strategy for tuning mechanical behavior through simultaneously tailoring grain texture and local chemical order.
DNA replication initiation shapes the mutational landscape and expression of the human genome
Authors: Murat Pierre , Perez Consuelo , Crisp Alastair , van Eijk Patrick , Reed Simon H. , Guilbaud Guillaume , Sale Julian E.
Published: November 2022

The interplay between active biological processes and DNA repair is central to mutagenesis. Here, we show that the ubiquitous process of replication initiation is mutagenic, leaving a specific mutational footprint at thousands of early and efficient replication origins. The observed mutational pattern is consistent with two distinct mechanisms, reflecting the two-step process of origin activation, triggering the formation of DNA breaks at the center of origins and local error-prone DNA synthesis in their immediate vicinity. We demonstrate that these replication initiation–dependent mutational processes exert an influence on phenotypic diversity in humans that is disproportionate to the origins’ genomic size: By increasing mutational loads at gene promoters and splice junctions, the presence of an origin significantly influences both gene expression and mRNA isoform usage. Last, we show that mutagenesis at origins not only drives the evolution of origin sequences but also contributes to sculpting regulatory domains of the human genome.
Tracking the vector acceleration with a hybrid quantum accelerometer triad
Authors: Templier Simon , Cheiney Pierrick , d’Armagnac de Castanet Quentin , Gouraud Baptiste , Porte Henri , Napolitano Fabien , Bouyer Philippe , Battelier Baptiste , Barrett Brynle
Published: November 2022

Robust and accurate acceleration tracking remains a challenge in many fields. For geophysics and economic geology, precise gravity mapping requires onboard sensors combined with accurate positioning and navigation systems. Cold atom–based quantum inertial sensors can potentially provide these high-precision instruments. However, current scalar instruments require precise alignment with vector quantities. Here, we present the first hybrid three-axis accelerometer exploiting the quantum advantage to measure the full acceleration vector by combining three orthogonal atom interferometer measurements with a classical navigation-grade accelerometer triad. Its ultralow bias permits tracking the acceleration vector over long time scales, yielding a 50-fold improvement in stability (6 × 10
−8
g
) over our classical accelerometers. We record the acceleration vector at a high data rate (1 kHz), with absolute magnitude accuracy below 10 μ
g
, and pointing accuracy of 4 μrad. This paves the way toward future strapdown applications with quantum sensors and highlights their potential as future inertial navigation units.
Single-chirality nanotube synthesis by guided evolutionary selection
Authors: Yakobson Boris I. , Bets Ksenia V.
Published: November 2022

Bringing to fruition the tantalizing properties, foreseen since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, has been hindered by the challenge to produce a desired helical symmetry type, single chirality. Despite progress in postsynthesis separation or somewhat sporadic success in selective growth, obtaining one chiral type at will remains elusive. The kinetics analysis here shows how a local yet moving reaction zone (the gas feedstock or elevated temperature) can entice the tubes to follow, so that, remotely akin to proverbial Lamarck giraffes, only the fastest survive. Reversing the reaction to dissolution would further eliminate the too fast-reactive types so that a desired chirality is singled out in production.
Nickel-catalyzed switchable asymmetric electrochemical functionalization of alkenes
Authors: Liang Kang , Zhang Qinglin , Guo Chang
Published: November 2022

The development of general electrocatalytic methods for the diversity-oriented regio- and stereoselective functionalization of alkenes remains a challenge in organic synthesis. We present a switchable electrocatalytic method based on anodic oxidative activation for the controlled liberation of chiral α-keto radical species toward stereoselective organic transformations. Electrogenerated α-keto radical species capture alkene partners, allowing switchable intermolecular alkene difunctionalization and alkenylation in a highly stereoselective manner. In addition to acting as proton donors to facilitate H
2
evolution at the cathode, the unique properties of alcohol additives play an important role in determining the distinct outcomes for alkene functionalization under electrocatalytic conditions.
CD22-targeted CD28 bispecific antibody enhances antitumor efficacy of odronextamab in refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma models
Authors: Wei Joyce , Montalvo-Ortiz Welby , Yu Lola , Krasco Amanda , Olson Kara , Rizvi Sahar , Fiaschi Nathalie , Coetzee Sandra , Wang Fang , Ullman Erica , Ahmed Hassan Shakil , Herlihy Evan , Lee Ken , Havel Lauren , Potocky Terra , Ebstein Sarah , Frleta Davor , Khatri Aditi , Godin Stephen , Hamon Sara , Brouwer-Visser Jurriaan , Gorenc Travis , MacDonald Doug , Hermann Aynur , Chaudhry Aafia , Sirulnik Andres , Olson William , Lin John , Thurston Gavin , Lowy Israel , Murphy Andrew J. , Smith Eric , Jankovic Vladimir , Sleeman Matthew A. , Skokos Dimitris
Published: November 2022

Although many patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) may achieve a complete response to frontline chemoimmunotherapy, patients with relapsed/refractory disease typically have poor outcomes. Odronextamab, a CD20xCD3 bispecific antibody that provides “signal 1” through the activation of the T cell receptor/CD3 complex, has exhibited early, promising activity for patients with highly refractory DLBCL in phase 1 trials. However, not all patients achieve complete responses, and many relapse, thus representing a high unmet medical need. Here, we investigated whether adding a costimulatory “signal 2” by engaging CD28 receptors on T cells could augment odronextamab activity. We demonstrate that REGN5837, a bispecific antibody that cross-links CD22-expressing tumor cells with CD28-expressing T cells, enhances odronextamab by potentiating T cell activation and cytolytic function. In preclinical DLBCL studies using human immune system–reconstituted animals, REGN5837 promotes the antitumor activity of odronextamab and induces intratumoral expansion of reprogrammable T cells while skewing away from a dysfunctional state. Although REGN5837 monotherapy shows limited activity and no toxicity in primate studies, it augments T cell activation when dosed in combination with odronextamab. In addition, analysis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma clinical samples reveals an increase in CD28
+
CD8
+
T cells after odronextamab treatment, demonstrating the presence of a population that could potentially be targeted by REGN5837. Collectively, our data demonstrate that REGN5837 can markedly enhance the antitumor activity of odronextamab in preclinical NHL models, and the combination of these two bispecific antibodies may provide a chemotherapy-free approach for the treatment of DLBCL.