bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Optimization of Polygon Tessellation for Generating Machine-producible Crochet Patterns
Authors: Storck Jan Lukas , Feldmann Bjarte Alexander , Fiedler Johannes , Kyosev Yordan
Published: October 2023

The automation of current crocheting technology offers many possibilities. To fully exploit this potential, it is necessary to develop not only hardware, but also methods that enable the design of novel machine-crocheted fabrics. In the case of manual crocheting, approaches for an automated generation of crochet patterns according to 3D shapes have already been presented in the literature. However, the most technically advanced crocheting machine prototype currently proposed automates the crocheting of flat fabrics starting from a chain row. Given the limitations and operation of this so-called CroMat crocheting machine, a tool for shaping flat machine-crocheted fabrics according to 2D convex polygons is presented here. With this, surfaces can be divided into crochet stitches using a tessellation process and numerical optimization. The rules of the automated crocheting process were thus followed to ensure the machine manufacturability of generated patterns. Computer models of the fabrics were used as previews. In addition, the shaping possibilities of the CroMat crocheting machine, in particular with respect to increase and decrease stitches, are presented and discussed by means of the tessellation optimization of exemplary polygon shapes. Generally speaking, the algorithm extends the toolbox for designing machine-crocheted fabrics through the automated generation of valid crochet patterns corresponding to input shapes and according to the possibilities of the CroMat crocheting machine prototype.
Case study of water pollution in Podwiśniówka acid mine pit lake (Holy Cross Mts., Poland)
Authors: Suligowski Roman , Molenda Tadeusz , Ciupa Tadeusz
Published: October 2023

On the Holy Cross Mountains (southern Poland), located within the tectonic zone of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), numerous former quarries exist, including those of Cambrian quarzitic sandstones and sandstones with pyrite veins. This article presents the results of geochemical studies on the waters of the acidic mine pit lake Podwiśniówka (with an area of 1.5 ha and a maximum depth of 7.0 m) conducted in 2018. The tests were carried out in a vertical water column (every 1 m) in the central part of pit lake. The mean concentration of metals/metalloids, determined using inductively coupled plasma-quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS), was found to form the following sequence in decreasing order: As> Cu> Ni> Co> Cr> Zn> U> Pb> Cd> Tl. With increasing depth, there was a general upwards trend in the concentrations of all the determined elements. In all cases, the average value of the single pollution index in the water column greatly exceeds the very strong level in relation to the geochemical background of surface waters globally (As – above 1250 times). The integrated pollution index for the ten trace elements in the water column increases with depth, and its average value exceeding 250 times the highest reference level. At the same time, the cluster analysis carried out showed the existence of two distinct depth zones in the pit lake: upper (0–4 m) and lower (5–7 m), differing in the scale of the water pollution.
Variability of air quality and bioclimatic conditions in urban area: Case study of Lublin
Authors: Dobek Mateusz , Wereski Sylwester , Krzyżewska Agnieszka
Published: October 2023

The paper analyses biometeorological conditions in Lublin based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), and air quality based on the Common Air Quality Index (CAQI). The used data were obtained from the database of IMGW-PIB and RDEM, and cover the period 2015–2021. The most frequently occurring biometeorological conditions were classified as no thermal stress. They were observed with a frequency of 34.3%. Conditions unfavourable for the human organism accounted for 65.7% in total, including those belonging to thermal stress classes related to cold stress (52.3%), and heat stress (13.4%). In the analysed years, 75.5% of cases were with very low and low air pollution. High and very high air pollution usually occurred during biometeorological conditions related to cold stress (from slight cold stress to strong cold stress). During extreme thermal phenomena, such as a cold wave (January 2007) and hot wave (August 2015), unfavourable biometeorological conditions were accompanied by low aerosanitary conditions (low air quality). In the analysed period, and particularly in recent years, an improvement in air quality has been observed, potentially associated with limited mobility of people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Narratologia lingwistyczna w Ukrainie: stan aktualny oraz perspektywy
Authors: Bacewycz Florij
Published: October 2023

Artykuł poświęcony jest kwestii określenia głównych kierunków rozwoju nowego nurtu badań w humanistyce ukraińskiej – narratologii lingwistycznej, która jest ważną dyscypliną ogólnofilologiczną o charakterze syntezującym. Cel artykułu realizowany jest z uwzględnieniem podstawowych tendencji rozwojowych współczesnego językoznawstwa, ukierunkowanego funkcjonalno-komunikatywnie oraz antropo- i pragmacentrycznie. Ustalono, iż ukraińska narratologia lingwistyczna skupia w sobie podejścia tradycyjnie narratologiczne oraz językoznawcze, literaturoznawcze, semiotyczne, kognitologiczne, psychologiczne, socjologiczne i etnologiczne. Sposób narracji w różnych gatunkach oraz stylach funkcjonalnych jest aktywnie badany pod kątem jego zorientowania na komunikatywną i semantyczno-pragmatyczną naturę narracji oraz jej rolę we współczesnym społeczeństwie. Za podstawowe kierunki badań w zakresie narratologii lingwistycznej można uznać: opracowanie ogólnofilologicznych problemów struktur narracyjnych, lingwosemiotyczne aspekty budowania historii oraz dyskursu narracji różnych gatunków i stylów funkcjonalnych, doprecyzowanie typologii narratorów, ujawnienie głębokości warstw fikcjonalności artystycznego sposobu opowiadania oraz inne.
A modified Picone-type identity and the uniqueness of positive symmetric solutions for a prescribed mean curvature problem
Authors: Lee Yong-Hoon , Yang Rui
Published: October 2023

In this article, we study the uniqueness of positive symmetric solutions of the following mean curvature problem in Euclidean space:
(P)

u
′

1
+

∣
u
′
∣

2

′

+
h

(

x

)

f

(

u

)

=
0
,

−
1
<
x
<
1
,

u

(

−
1

)

=
u

(

1

)

=
0
,

\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\left(\frac{u^{\prime} }{\sqrt{1+{| u^{\prime} | }^{2}}}\right)}^{^{\prime} }+h\left(x)f\left(u)=0,\hspace{1em}-1\lt x\lt 1,\hspace{1.0em}\\ u\left(-1)=u\left(1)=0,\hspace{1.0em}\end{array}\right.

where

h
∈

C

1

(

[

−
1
,
1

]

)

h\in {C}^{1}\left(\left[-1,1])

and

f
∈

C

1

(

[

0
,
∞

)

;

[

0
,
∞

)

)

f\in {C}^{1}\left(\left[0,\infty );\hspace{0.33em}\left[0,\infty ))

. Under suitable conditions on

h

h

and monotone condition on

f

(

s

)

s

\frac{f\left(s)}{s}

, by introducing a modified Picone-type identity, we prove that the problem has at most one positive symmetric solution.
Potential outcome and decision theoretic foundations for statistical causality
Authors: Richardson Thomas S. , Robins James M.
Published: October 2023

In a recent work published in this journal, Philip Dawid has described a graphical causal model based on decision diagrams. This article describes how single-world intervention graphs (SWIGs) relate to these diagrams. In this way, a correspondence is established between Dawid's approach and those based on potential outcomes such as Robins’ finest fully randomized causally interpreted structured tree graphs. In more detail, a reformulation of Dawid s theory is given that is essentially equivalent to his proposal and isomorphic to SWIGs.
Strategies to improve the thermal performance of solar collectors
Authors: Alshuraiaan Bader
Published: October 2023

The paper evaluates a passive method for heat transfer improvement in heat exchangers, which implies the use of nanofluids. All calculations were carried out with a constant volumetric flow rate. The study examines three fluids with 0–4 % volume concentrations of CuO, MgO, and Al2O3 particles. The results indicate an increase in the heat transfer coefficient with increasing temperature. An Al2O3 nanofluid (4 % concentration) contributed to the best thermal performance. The incorporation of a 4 % content of MgO yielded an augmentation in heat transfer ranging from 15 % to 22 %, whereas an analogous concentration of CuO led to a more substantial enhancement of 25 %. Notably, the introduction of nanoparticles of Al2O3 produces a remarkable augmentation in heat transfer performance, with potential improvements of up to 36 %. The Nusselt number increases with increasing particle volume fraction and Reynolds number, according to results obtained for several nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, and ZnO) with volume percentages in the range of 1–4 % and nanoparticle diameters of 25–70 nm. For all nanofluids, the time-averaged Nusselt number rises with a solid phase volume fraction increase of less than 5 %.
Requirements of Digital Archiving in Saudi Libraries in the Light of International Standards: King Fahad National Library as a Model
Authors: Alhaif Alia
Published: October 2023

This research aimed to measure the availability of digital requirements needed for digital archiving of King Fahad National Library in the light of international standards from the perspective of information specialists, determine the differences in their responses on the compatibility of these requirements with international standards due to (academic qualification, years of experience, and training courses) variables, identify the challenges, and make suggestions for providing those requirements. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach and applied a questionnaire to a sample of information specialists at King Fahad National Library. The results revealed that the participants had an intermediate agreement on the availability of digital requirements for digital archiving of the King Fahd National Library in the light of international standards. There were no statistically significant differences in the participants’ responses according to (academic qualification, years of experience, and training courses) variables. Moreover, the participants had a high agreement on the challenges and suggestions for providing those requirements. This research recommends holding training courses and workshops for information specialists in King Fahd National Library to determine and resolve the challenges they face in the digital age while carrying out the digital archiving of documents to comply with international standards for document management and digitization.
AUTOMATIC CONTROL COMPUTER SYSTEM OF PRESSURE IN THE LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE TANK
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Badyorko Igor , Sytnikov Valerii ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The article was reviewed the automatic control system structural diagram of pressure in the liquid carbon dioxide tank for the production of sparkling and champagne wines and was obtained the efficiency by the enterprise when the system is implemented in the work process are considered. Keywords: Computer system, automatic regulation, production.
COMPARISON OF AUTHORIZATION PROTOCOLS FOR LARGE REQUESTS IN THE OPERATION QUEUE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Surkov Sergii S.
Published: October 2023

Authorization protocols play a foundation role in web security. There is a risk that the data may be changed in places where it is transmitted in the unencrypted form, for example, in a proxy server. The vulnerabilities of payload spoofing aren't thoroughly re-searched. Existing authorization protocols for large payload implement the “Filling the Buffer”method and its subtype “Buffering to File”. Through simulation, it was found that the second subtype “Buffering to Memory”is not ideal for requests with large payloads. In previous papers, a “chunking”method was developed for authorizing HTTP requests with efficient payload verification. However, it was found that in an operation queue environment,the system is prone to falling into the critical mode, which became a subject of further study.This paper aims to reduce the harmful effect of critical modes.Analysis of signing methods for authorization using a parallel architecture based on queuing theory has shown that the “chunking”method is the most promising.The developed methods for ranking authorization protocols for large requests and identifying critical modes made it possible to experimentally determine the conditions for the manifestationof the advantages of the studied methods of signing the payload in different modes and to study the effect of the intensity of the incoming data on the transition of the system to the critical mode. Conducting a computer experiment, the dependencies of the multithreaded write speed on the number of threads for the “chunking”and “buffering to file”methods were obtained depending on the number of threads and the data transfer rate. The parallel processing of the digital signatures of requests has improved the performance of the system, keeping the sequential processing of data. The study of the influence of the intensity of the incoming data on the transition of the system to the critical mode makes it possible to calculate the limitation of the system load. Thus, the goal of reducing the harmful effect of critical modes and ensuring greater reliability and speed of the system is achieved.
A Review on Various Control Strategies and Algorithms in Vehicle Suspension Systems
Authors: Ferhath Aadil Arshad , Kamalakkannan Kasi
Published: October 2023

Automotive suspension systems provide passenger safety, ride comfort and vehicle handling in passenger and commercial vehicles. Through extensive research in the last couple of decades coupled with the recent advancements in technology, the improvement in vehicle handling and ride comfort have been significant by using various control strategies in semi-active and fully active suspension systems. Despite a significant number of articles available on the enhancement and improvement of vehicle suspension systems, there is certainly a lack of knowledge on various control strategies and algorithmic techniques used in the vehicle suspension system. Thereby, to address the gap, this review consecutively attempts to comprehensively explore the various research work conducted on the various control strategies used in vehicle suspension systems.
Effect of Microwave Hybrid Heating on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cu Solder Joints
Authors: Idris SRA. , Mazelan MN
Published: October 2023

Microwave hybrid heating (MHH) has become soldering’s alternative method for lead-free solder alloys due to its benefits towards modern microtechnology, such as shorter processing time, lower energy consumption and lower defect rate. Nonetheless, it still requires susceptors to improve its heating performance, such as SiC, which is known for its high loss factor under low microwave frequencies. In this study, the effect of microwave hybrid heating on mechanical properties, as well as the microstructure of solder joint between Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) solder alloy and Cu substrate was investigated. Solder joint was created using MHH with different soldering parameters (amount of SiC in a range of 3-7g and exposure time in a range of 7-10min) between SAC305 solder alloy (in the form of wire and paste) and Cu substrate. Then, a lap shear test was carried out following a standard of ASTM D1002 to determine solder joint strength. Characterization was made using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that solder wire produced the highest solder joint strength with the value of 115.45 MPa when using 3.05g of SiC for 8.92min soldering time. Meanwhile, the solder paste produced 109.76MPa solder joint strength when using 3.03 g of SiC for 9.39 min soldering time. The intermetallic compound (IMC) form was scallop-like Cu6Sn5, both solder/substrate joints with a thickness of 2.87 μm for solder wire and 3.62 μm for solder paste. Nonetheless, an excessive amount of SiC would generate more heat in MHH and increase the IMC thickness as well as reduce shear strength, which eventually decreases the solder joint stability.
El acontecimiento del cuerpo en la Regla de San Benito
Authors: Solís Nova David , Molteni Agostino
Published: October 2023

La Regla de san Benito no solo ha sido una norma de vida al interior de los monasterios, sino que ha tenido enormes repercusiones en la conformación de la cultura occidental. Nuestro propósito en este estudio es analizar la concepción que la Regla posee del cuerpo y, a partir de ahí, poder extraer reflexiones que puedan ser interesantes para una comprensión del cuerpo estrictamente filosófica. En este sentido, se mostrará cómo en la Regla el cuerpo, que siempre es legislado y movido por un pensamiento, es entendido como un acontecimiento engendrado y no solo como un organismo natural ya hecho. También se argumentará en torno a las claras exhortaciones que hay en la Regla benedictina para que el pensamiento del cuerpo sea constituido entre los monjes y el abad con el objetivo de hacerlo sano, satisfecho e imputable. Finalmente, se describirá cómo el cuerpo del monje es la primera instancia para pensar también la ciudad y el mundo, es decir, cómo la constitución del cuerpo entre los monjes tiene frutos cívicos y universales.
Measurement of the fair value of forest carbon sinks – Taking Yixing National Forest Park as an example
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Qiu Jie , Jia Chong
Published: October 2023

Management of forest carbon sinks can be viewed as a strategy to deal with climate change. To promote the establishment and improvement of the forest carbon market, it is important to measure the economic benefits of China’s existing forest carbon sinks with special weighting to forests along with protection of nature. Objectively measuring the value of a carbon sink is an important prerequisite to play the role of forest carbon pool and improve the efficiency of carbon sinks. This paper considers the strategy and process of forest carbon sink value accounting from two aspects of forest carbon storage and value, puts forward a set of forest carbon sink fair value accounting ideas, and considers Yixing forest farm as the research area. The following methods were used to compare the forest carbon stock of the Yixing National Forest Park. First, the economic benefits of forest carbon sink were evaluated with a market approach and carbon fair value. Next, the biomass expansion factor method and income approach were used to compute the forest carbon stock of Yixing National Forest Park, indicating a high carbon fair value.
Prediction of wood drying process based on artificial neural network
Authors: Chai Haojie , Li Lu
Published: October 2023

Taking the conventional drying process of Pinus sylvestris square wood with pith as the research material, based on the Back Propagation (BP) neural network algorithm, a model was constructed using the real-time online-measurement data. Softening treatment time and temperature, variable treatment time and temperature, initial moisture content of wood, and position of wood core and sapwood were used as model inputs. Wood drying rate and longitudinal cracking degree were used as outputs to indicate wood drying quality. The results showed that with a suitable model structure of 6-9-2 (input layer-hidden layer-output layer), the coefficient of determination R2 and mean square error of the test samples were 0.96, 0.99, and 0.00605, respectively, indicating that the neural network model has good generalization ability. Compared with the experimental value, the predicted value basically conforms to the change law and size of the experimental value, and the error distribution is approximately 2%. This shows that the BP neural network model can simulate the drying rate and longitudinal cracking degree in the drying process and realize the prediction of the drying process.
Cellulose Iβ behaviors in non-solvent liquid media: Molecular dynamic simulations
Authors: Kong Yi , Fu Shiyu , Yang Xuedi , Leu Shao-Yuan , Hu Chuanshuang
Published: October 2023

The structural changes of cellulose in non-solvent liquid media can provide insights into the high-value utilization of cellulose. This study includes molecular dynamics simulations of 36-chain cellulose Iβ microfibril model (Iβ-MF) behavior in 16 non-solvent liquids with different polarities at room temperature using two carbohydrate force fields (CHARMM36, GLYCAM06). Iβ-MF in CHARMM36 retains more than 70% of the tg conformation in 16 liquids, and the retention of the tg conformation increased with decreasing liquid polarity. Liquid polarity can affect the hydroxymethyl conformation of cellulose, which is only an appearance, and the real driving force behind is the electrostatic interaction between liquid molecules and cellulose. Furthermore, changing the 1,4 electrostatic scaling factor of GLYCAM06 can effectively affect the structural convergence of Iβ-MF. The Iβ-MF forms an alternating layer structure in the gg/gt conformation in a medium to high polarity non-solvent liquid, while the model undergoes untwisting. Model untwisting is inextricably linked to the degree of alternate layer structure formation. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the molecular study of nanocellulose structures from an energy-structure-property perspective.
Enhancing Through Air Drying process efficiency: Investigating laboratory-to-pilot scale correspondence and impact of process variables on tissue paper manufacturing
Authors: Sjöstrand Björn , Tremblay Bruno , Danielsson Mikael
Published: October 2023

State-of-the-art manufacturing of tissue paper by Through Air Drying provides excellent product performance, although at a high production cost and energy use. In this work, a laboratory scale vacuum suction box was used to mimic the initial dewatering and the Through Air Drying molding, together with a pilot-scale trial. The purpose was to investigate both how the laboratory scale corresponds to pilot scale testing and investigate how fabric design, basis weight, beating, and fibers affect dewatering and sheet caliper. This study reevaluates dewatering mechanisms during molding, challenging the previous hypothesis of pure air displacement dewatering. Results show a parallel mechanism of compression dewatering and air displacement. The influence of rush transfer is examined, impacting the sheets’ visual appearance, thickness, and solids content. Correlations between molding box solids content and headbox freeness emphasize significance of fibers and beating levels. Pilot results confirm the link between former solids and molding box solids. Pilot trials validate the laboratory results, facilitating comprehensive simulation of full-scale manufacturing. This research reveals dewatering mechanisms, highlights operational parameters, and enables effective Through Air Drying process design and refinement.
Bio-damaged wood processing in microcrystalline cellulose production
Authors: Yurtayeva Larisa V. , Alashkevich Yuri D. , Kaplyov Eugene V. , Slizikova Elena A. , Marchenko Roman A.
Published: October 2023

Bio-damaged wood was studied as a potential raw material for the production of hydrolytic degradation cellulose products. Conditions for obtaining fine-dispersed microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) based on hydrolytic treatment of cellulose from bio-damaged wood were determined. A comparative analysis of the quantitative values of the degree of polymerization of default commercial cellulose and cellulose from damaged wood was performed. The objective of the work was to study the possibilities of obtaining MCC from bio-damaged wood possessing quantitative characteristics close to those obtained from the commercial wood, reducing the concentration of inorganic acid during the hydrolytic degradation. The experimental analysis showed that with an increase in the pulp refining degree from 15 °SR to 75 °SR, the time for the hydrolysis process decreased from 150 to 90 min, the temperature of chemical treatment decreased from 100 °C to 80 °C, and acid concentration by 0.5 N. The polymerisation degree of microcrystalline cellulose, regardless of the type of raw material, also decreased with an increase in the refining degree.
Assessment of color and contact angle change of weathered wood in relation to wood species and different coating types
Authors: Yang Seungmin , Kim Junho , Kang Seoggoo
Published: October 2023

Color change was compared through artificial and outdoor weathering tests according to wood species and stain type. In the artificial weathering tests, the color change DE was the highest for the initial 200 hour, and teak solvent-based stain was the most effective in preventing color change. Outdoor weathering tests also showed a rapid color change until the initial 60 days, and the uncoated larch specimens exhibited graying after 120 days. Teak solvent-based stain had the highest preventing color effect, whereas water-based white semi-transparent stain had the highest contact angle. It is difficult to check the color change of wood due to the addition of pigment in teak, as its resistance to moisture is rapidly reduced and its surface protection effect is poor. Water-based white semi-transparent stain prevented color change and maintained a contact angle of 57.1° for up to 150 days, confirming the effect of moisture resistance. This study aimed to provide basic data on weather resistance by wood species and to suggest that the development direction of outdoor exposed wood is a water-based semi-transparent stain.
Combustion and flue gas evolution characteristics of rice husk in various mixtures and layers with Al2O3 particles and char prepared with different pyrolysis parameters
Authors: Dong Lu , Wang Liang , Huan Xuanzhou , Liu Bichen , Yi Baojun , Hu Hongyun , Huang Fang
Published: October 2023

During pyrolysis and combustion experiments, rice husk and Al2O3 were combined in two ways, namely blending (rice husk was blended with Al2O3) and covering (rice husk was covered by Al2O3) modes, respectively. Rice husk biomass (RHB) char was prepared under different pyrolysis conditions. The resulting combustion characteristics and corresponding gaseous evolution of the biochar were compared. The maximum combustion rate decreased as particles accumulated, causing a shift in the thermo-gravimetric curve to higher temperature ranges. The combustion reaction was hindered in the covering mode. The combustion reactivity of the prepared char decreased as the char preparation time increased. During the char oxidation process, the release amounts of H2O and CO2 from char combustion increased first and then decreased, while the release amounts of CO, CH4, and organic components containing C=O gradually decreased with increasing char preparation time. Char prepared with the covering mode exhibited higher burn-out rates and combustion indices but lower activation energies required for combustion reaction. Additionally, the covering mode delayed the timely release of gases from the biomass heating in air, and the quantity of combustion gas released from the char produced at covering mode was greater than that released from the char produced at blending mode. The results obtained can improve the understanding of stacked biomass particles combustion process.
Complex chromium alitization of carbon steels in chlorine environment
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Loskutova T.V. , Kononenko Y.A. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2023

The authors investigated the influence of the nature of the chlorine-containing activator on the structure, chemical composition, and some properties of diffusion layers formed during complex chromium-alloying of carbon steels in a chlorine environment. On the basis of thermodynamic calculations, the quantitative ratio of saturating elements (chromium and aluminum) and rational coating temperatures were determined. It was determined that for the complex chromoalitization of steels, an increased amount of chromium in the composition of the saturating mixture is necessary. Based on the data obtained, the temperature intervals for complex chromoalitization of carbon steels in a chlorine environment were recommended to be 800-1100°C. Coatings were applied at a temperature of 950-1050°C for 2 hours in a saturating mixture of the following composition: 45 % wt. chromium, 5 % wt. aluminum, 47 % wt. Al2O3 and 3.0 % by weight of the activator. The chlorine-containing compounds NH4Cl and NiCl2 were used as activators. The structure, chemical composition, and distribution of microhardness along the cross-section of the obtained chrome-aluminum coatings were investigated. It was found that the distribution of structural components in both types of coatings obtained at a temperature of 950 °C is almost identical. At the same time, the structure of the diffusion zone obtained by using NiCl2 as an activator shows the presence of a two-phase layer of dark inclusions, the main component of which is small columnar crystals. The thickness of the obtained coatings is 23-32 microns. An increase in the saturation temperature to 1050°C during complex chromoalitization using NH4Cl as an activator leads to an increase in the thickness of the resulting coatings to 200-220 microns, with the amount of aluminum on the surface being 16.59% by weight and chromium 4.36% by weight. Keywords: chromium, aluminum, carbon steel, activator, diffusion coatings.
La actividad física en la gestión de la obesidad en adultos: una ponencia de Exercise and Sport Science Australia
Authors: Johnson Nathan A. , Sultana Rachelle N. , Brown Wendy J. , Bauman Adrian E. , Gill Tim
Published: October 2023

Esta ponencia examina las evidencias para la actividad física en la pérdida de peso y de adiposidad, la prevención del aumento de peso y la adiposidad, así como la recuperación de peso en adultos, y provee orientación sobre las implicaciones para los profesionales del ejercicio. La evidencia de la investigación indica que se requieren > 150 minutos, pero preferiblemente 300 minutos por semana de actividad aeróbica de intensidad al menos moderada para prevenir el aumento de peso y adiposidad, y al menos el extremo superior de esta gama de actividad para prevenir la recuperación de peso después de la pérdida de peso. Para que la pérdida de peso y adiposidad total sea significativa, se requiere un mínimo de 300 a 400 minutos por semana de actividad aeróbica de intensidad, al menos, moderada. La evidencia en torno al volumen de actividad física aeróbica requerida para reducir la adiposidad central está surgiendo, y las investigaciones apuntan a que puede ser sustancialmente menor que la que se requiere para la pérdida de peso. El impacto de la actividad física de alta intensidad y el ejercicio de resistencia para la gestión del peso es incierto. Durante las consultas para la gestión del peso, los profesionales en ejercicio deben aconsejar que se pueden lograr beneficios para la salud metabólica y cardiovascular por medio de la actividad física a cualquier peso, e independientemente del cambio de peso.
Bioeconomic evaluation of production losses from inbreeding depression in rabbit breeding
Authors: Mutafov Emil , Sabev Zhelyazko , Yarkov Dobri
Published: October 2023

The main goal of this article is to conduct simulation on rabbit farms with an intensive and extensive reproductive cycle, which will allow to monitor and analyze the inbreeding depression. Setting up that goal, the article will also take into consideration the bio-economics status and how it affects the production losses from inbreeding depression on the reproductive qualities of female rabbits.
Main aspects in use of sexed semen in cattle breeding
Authors: Yotov Stanimir , Fasulkov Ivan , Atanasov Anatoli , Ivanova Boyana
Published: October 2023

The use of sexed semen in cattle breeding becomes increasingly important in worldwide. Up to date sexing technologies provide an ability to sort spermatozoa with acceptable sperm quality and ensure production of animals of the desired sex. Motivation for use of sexed semen can be the need for rapid renewal of the herd, the desire to increase the genetic level, the requirements for animal welfare and the reduction of costs for maintaining ecological sustainability. Many factors at different levels such as selection of female animals for insemination and type of sexed semen, technological features of the farm and reproductive management affect the conception rate. The current literature analysis shows that the introduction of artificial insemination with sexed semen is an effective tool to accelerate genetic progress. An additional benefit is improvement of the animal welfare by reducing difficult births and low production of the undesired male offspring. Optimization of the animal number in the herds leads to reduction of the greenhouse gases and the waste products from animal husbandry. The pregnancy rate after artificial insemination with sex-sorted sperm is variable and different reasons can lead to unsatisfactory results. This requires a preliminary analysis of their effects and taking measures to minimize their negative impact on the reproductive process. Achievement of economic profitability is related to choosing an appropriate strategy for use of sexed semen, taking into account the specific conditions in the farm. The presented information can be useful in the preparation of various policies for optimization of the reproductive process and development of sustainable cattle breeding in Bulgaria.
Kobiety w misji ewangelizacyjnej pierwotnej wspólnoty chrześcijańskiej
Authors: Klinkowski Jan
Published: October 2023

Pozycja kobiet w rodzącym się pierwotnym Kościele została ukształtowana przez naukę Ewangelii i środowisko kulturowo-społeczne Bliskiego Wschodu. Jezus budując pierwotną wspólnotę wiary oparł się na symbolicznym gronie dwunastu apostołów, ale wraz z gronem uczniów wędrowały również kobiety, które stały się pierwszymi zwiastunami Jego zmartwychwstania. Pierwotne chrześcijaństwo przezwyciężało ówczesne podziały społeczne i kulturowe. Chrzest otwierał wszystkim w jednakowy sposób drogę zbawienia. Zarówno dla niewolnika i wolnego człowieka, Żyda i poganina, kobiety i mężczyzny wejście do wspólnoty Kościoła było identyczne. W pierwotnym Kościele kobiety uzupełniały misję ewangelizacyjną mężczyzn, poprzez instytucję wdów, posługę diakońską, czy zarządzanie Kościołem domowym. W jakimś stopniu dla misji Kościoła ułatwieniem były przemiany zachodzące w społeczeństwie grecko-rzymskim. Pojawiająca się niezależność materialna kobiet pozwalała im również bardziej zaangażować się w misję Kościoła. Pomostem do nowej roli kobiet w pierwotnym Kościele mogła być wspólnota esseńska być może wzorowana na ruchu pitagorejskim. Z dużym prawdopodobieństwem dom Marty, Marii i Łazarza kształtowany był wokół wielkiego umiłowania studiowania tekstów świętych, co umożliwiało kobietom szersze poznanie ówczesnej refleksji teologicznej. Kościół nadał nowe znaczenie idei dziewictwa, które otwierało się na relacje z Bogiem i posługę we wspólnocie. Niestety zarówno judaizm w wersji faryzejskiej jak i nasilający się wpływ ruchów gnostyckich doprowadził do ograniczenia pozycji kobiet w niektórych kręgach pierwotnego Kościoła. Niemniej jednak pierwotny Kościół wprowadził kobiety do wielu misji ewangelizacyjnych, w szczególności w dziedzinie nauczania, posługi charytatywnej i modlitewnej.
Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Feeding the Future a Brief Review by Leonard Copping
Authors: Copping Leonard
Published: October 2023

The world faces a challenge. The global population is increasing while climate change is applying stress to traditional farming. As a result food security and sustainable agriculture is facing a challenge the likes of which it has never faced before. Failure to address it could result in catastrophe. But developments in nanotechnology could be about to help ease the impending crisis. Developments could see it improve crop yields without resorting to extensive land expansion or excessive use of agrochemicals as well as enabling more efficient resource management. If it delivers, the rewards could be significant for investors and mankind alike. According to a report by Insight Analytic, the global agricultural nanotechnology market size was valued at some $321.1 billion in 2022. It is predicted to reach $868.98 billion by 2031 with a CAGR of 11.94%. The report said: “The development of the global market will be fuelled by the merger of improved agricultural techniques with nanotechnologies over the next five years. Additionally, the benefits can lower threats, including air and ground pollution, soil acidification, eutrophication, declining soil fertility and biodiversity loss. With the global population’s growth, rising demand for crops with higher yields will further support the expansion of the industry.
Application of magnetic sorbents modified with molecular imprinted polymers for screening of phenolic xenoestrogens
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Gubin A. S. , Sukhanov P. T. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Kushnir A. A. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Shikhaliev Kh. S. ,   Voronezh State University, Potapov M. A. ,   Voronezh State University
Published: October 2023

A new method for the determining phenolic xenoestrogens, chemicals that destroy the endocrine system (EDC), i.e., 4-octylphenol (OP), 4-nonylphenol (NLP) and bisphenol A (BPA), in sediments and river waters with preliminary concentration on magnetic sorbents functionalized by polymers based on molecular imprints is proposed. were determined In the concentrates EDC were converted to derivatives by reaction with acetic anhydride and then determined by gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The accuracy of the determination was evaluated by the "added–found" method. Use of the molecular imprinted polymers allows determining up to 5 ng/l NLP and 6 ng/l OP and BFA in wastewaters. In bottom sediments, the limit of determination was 100 ng/kg for NLP and 150 ng/kg for OP or BPA. The decrease in sensitivity was due to the high contamination of bottom sediments and increased matrix effects. Products of degradation of humic acid, surfactants and petroleum products have the greatest interfering effect. The method was tested on EDC screening in waters and bottom sediments of the Voronezh reservoir. Sites near the unorganized discharge of wastewaters and near the discharge of municipal wastewater treatment plants were selected as sampling points. The maximum concentrations of OP, NLP and BPA found in the river waters were 335, 1138 and 144 ng/l, respectively, and in the bottom sediments were 6.9, 10.7 and 5.9 μg/kg, respectively.
Intelliot: a smart IoT environment
Authors: Masserov Daniil , Masserov Dmitriy
Published: October 2023

This paper examines classic cloud-based IoT systems, typically centered on a centralized IoT platform where data is uploaded for further processing. Next-generation IoT applications are shown, incorporating technologies such as artificial intelligence, augmented reality and distributed registry to implement semi-autonomous vehicle behavior, user management and machine-to-machine interaction in a trusted manner. It is emphasized that such applications require more dynamic IoT environments that can run locally without the need to connect to the cloud. The article describes three use cases for next-generation IoT applications — in agriculture (autonomous management of fleets of agricultural machines), healthcare (IoT for remote patient monitoring) and industry (autonomous interaction between production machines). The authors identified five key component groups of a high-level representation of the IntellIoT logic architecture, which includes the five necessary components to address the identified challenges and enable the development of
next-generation IoT applications. Three key concepts (Collaborative IoT, Human-in-the-loop, and Trustworthiness) that occupy an important place in the IntellIoT architecture were taken as benchmarks. The authors present current research on key factors for implementing the next generation IoT concept (the IntellIoT approach) and highlight relevant research challenges for future research on distributed, self-managed, semi-autonomous IoT applications in HITL. The paper outlines prospects for future work to improve the efficiency and reliability of computing and communication infrastructure.
Analysis of the possibility of environmental risk assessment using the Fine-Kinney scoring method
Authors: Gladilin Daniil , Barkov Alexey , Podkolzin Pavel , Timofeev Gennadi
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the issue of environmental risk assessment, which underlies the regulation of the quality of the state of the environment. Examples of negative impact on the environment due to human anthropogenic impact have been studied. The concept of environmental risk is considered, which is currently considered as the probability of occurrence of emergency events in a certain period of time and is expressed in quantitative terms. Also, which is quite important, the issue of legislative regulation of the environmental risk assessment procedure has been studied by studying the current legislative acts in the Russian Federation. Two legislative acts were singled out separately: GOST R 54135-2010 and GOST R 14.09-2005.
From their analysis, a general evaluation algorithm has been compiled, which includes 4 stages: determination of restrictions on the use of products; identification of hazards and dangerous situations; preliminary risk assessment; final risk assessment.
In addition, the authors of the article have considered a method for assessing environmental risk based on the Fine-Kinney method, which is now actively used in assessing occupational risks in production. The method consists in quantifying environmental damage by determining the possible severity and consequences, as well as the likelihood of an event that may negatively affect the environment.
During the analysis of the method, it was concluded that using the Fine-Kinney method of environmental risk assessment, it is difficult to study the small details described in the recommendations, but at the stage of preliminary environmental risk assessment, we consider its use to be quite appropriate. In particular, this method can be used in the final stage of environmental monitoring, which is an effective tool in terms of studying the likelihood of a negative impact on the environment and preventing the occurrence of emergency situations.
Diversity of insect pests of common bean and pigeon pea in the Republic of Congo revealed by DNA barcoding
Authors: Roy Virginie , Mpika Joseph , Kergoat Gael , Tsoungould Mboussy Gladrich Feldane , Attibayeba Attibayeba
Published: October 2023

In Central Africa, the development of leguminous crops is accompanied by a proliferation of pests, such as seed-beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Integrated biological control against insect pests requires a preliminary phase of early detection and monitoring of potential invasive species, which is often limited by the availability of diagnostic morphological characteristics. DNA barcoding represents a powerful molecular tool for identifying specimens, and the mitochondrial sequences produced can provide information concerning the origins of introduced species. In this study, we characterized the diversity of insect pests present in farmer storage sites and plots of common bean and pigeon pea, by using DNA barcoding of specimens sampled in the five main agricultural regions of the Republic of Congo. The cosmopolitan seed-beetle species Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) was recognized as the major pest sampled on common bean. The sub-Saharan species Specularius erythraeus (Pic, 1908) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) was the main species found in pigeon pea plots, sometimes co-occurring with the cosmopolitan species Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). A fourth bruchine, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833), and two moth species were also recognized: a species of the genus Mussidia Ragonot, 1888 (Pyralidae) and the cosmopolitan pest of stored food, Cadra cautella (Walker, 1863) (Pyralidae). These results differ from species lists compiled in the 1980s, thus providing updated knowledge concerning the pest species present in this region and fundamental information for choosing appropriate methods of control.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yatırım Davranışlarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Bir Yapısal Model ile Araştırılması
Authors: GÜRBÜZ Hüseyin , YILMAZ Veysel
Published: October 2023

Bireylerin gelecekte ekonomik refah içinde olabilmeleri için finansal becerilere sahip olmaları zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bunu gerçekleştirmek için de paranın yönetimi ve yatırıma dönüştürülmesi hakkında sahip olunan bilgi düzeyi çok önemlidir. Çalışmada, üniversite öğrencilerin yatırım davranışlarına (IB- Investment behaviour), finansal okuryazarlık (FL- Financial literacy), öz kontrol (SC- Self-control) ve akran etkisi (PI- Peer-influence) önerilen bir yapısal modelle incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi (ESOGÜ) İİBF öğrenim gören 461 katılımcıyı içermektedir. Çalışmada model uyumu ve hipotez testlerinde kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (PLS-SEM) kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda önerilen araştırma modelinin uyumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Finansal okuryazarlık ve akran etkisi, yatırımı davranışını olumlu yönde açıklarken, öz kontrol ise yatırım davranışını olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir.
Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisinin Türkiye'de Geçerliliği: 1970-2020 Örneği
Authors: TUZUN Osman , ARMUTCUOĞLU TEKİN Hatice
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı çevre kirliliği ve gelir düzeyi ve/veya büyüme ilişkisini gösteren Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi’nin Türkiye’de geçerliliğinin araştırılması olarak belirlenmiştir. Bunun için bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki kişi başına karbondioksit salınımı (CO2) ve kişi başına gelir düzeyi arasındaki ilişki 1970-2020 yılları kapsamında doğrusal olmayan gecikmesi dağıtılmış otoregresif sınır testi (NARDL) yöntemiyle araştırılmış ve ilgili dönemde Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi’nin Türkiye’de kübik polinom N şeklinde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda ilgili dönemde Türkiye’nin çevresel açıdan geleceksiz büyüme tehlikesiyle karşı karşıya olduğu söylenebilir. Bu nedenle çevre kirliliğinin azaltılması için yenilenemez enerji kaynaklarının bilinçsiz tüketiminin azaltılmasının ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına ayrılacak olan yatırımların arttırılmasının ülke ekonomisi açısından faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Measurement and analysis of Education for Sustainable Development in vulnerable environments within the framework of the 2030 Agenda
Authors: De La Rosa-Ruiz Daniel
Published: October 2023

La agenda 2030 invita a todas las personas a contribuir a la mejora del mundo desde la realidad de cada uno/a, esta nueva agenda internacional buscar reforzar el trabajo de pequeñas entidades que  pueden ayudar a que las metas propuestas se cumplan. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la contribución de las entidades sociales  a la meta 4.7 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y conocer si el aprendizaje de la educación para el desarrollo sostenible es mayor que en otras formas de enseñanza. Se mide el constructo en una muestra muy amplia de menores que participan en asociaciones de intervención socio educativa en el barrio de Entrevías. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos (Z = -11.549; p <.001) siendo el grupo experimental (M= 128.63; DT = 13.11) quien obtuvo una media significativamente mayor al grupo control (M= 84.85; DT =18.50. Estos resultados parecen apuntar que las metodologías usadas por las entidades sociales favorecen un mayor aprendizaje de la educación para el desarrollo sostenible con respecto a los centros de educación formal.