bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Good Knowledge Makes Good Behavior In Giving Vitamin A To Toodler
Authors: Kurniawati Anik , Setyaningrum Mey Lely , Sumantri Sumantri
Published: January 2022

Background: Vitamin A is one of the important nutrients that is fat-soluble and stored in the liver, cannot be made by the body so it must be met from the outside. Data from East Java Provincial Health Office note that the scope toddlers who received vitamin A capsules in 2019 reached 90.80% and has met the 2019 target of 90.8%. Meanwhile, the coverage of giving vitamin A capsules in Ngawi Regency is 75.9% of the target of 90.80% in 2019. The purpose of the study were to identify the characteristics of respondents based on age, education and occupation, to describe the mother's knowledge about vitamin A capsules in toddlers, to describe the attitudes of mothers about vitamin A capsules to toddlers.

Methods: Descriptive quantitative research methods with a survey approach. The sampling technique was total sampling with a sample size of 60 mothers with toddlers aged 6-59 months at the Posyandu I Kartoharjo Village, Ngawi in 2021. The data analysis technique used was descriptive statistics.

Results: The characteristics of the respondents based on the majority age 21-35 years (73%), based on the education of the majority of High School (42%), based on the occupation of the majority of housewives (78%), the description of the mother's knowledge about vitamin A capsules was mostly good (58 %), the majority of mothers' attitudes about vitamin A capsules support (96%).

Conclusion: The reseacrh measurement knowledge and attitudes of mothers about vitamin A capsules in toddlers during the covid-19 pandemic at the Posyandu I Kartoharjo Village, Ngawi is good. However, there is still knowledge and attitudes that are lacking and unsupportive, during the pandemic covid 19, it is hoped that efforts to increase the knowledge and attitudes of respondents about vitamin A.
Fiestas y decoraciones con motivo del final de la Tercera Guerra Carlista
Authors: Fernández Paradas Antonio Rafael
Published: January 2022

Con motivo del final de la Tercera Guerra Carlista y de la entrada de Alfonso XII en Madrid el 20 de marzo de 1876, la capital del reino vivió tres grandiosos días de fiesta, articulados en un complejo programa de actos. Con motivo del magno acontecimiento, en la ciudad se levantó un buen número de arquitecturas efímeras. Entre ellas destaca el arco costeado por la corporación municipal levantado en la calle Mayor. El objetivo de la presente investigación es ofrecer una visión holística sobre esta arquitectura, incidiendo en la liturgia que se desarrolló en él y sus aspectos constructivos e iconográficos.
«Red Consensus» – October 1917 in the national memory of modern Russian society
Authors: Воробьев А.В.
Published: January 2022

В статье исследуется отношение россиян к большевистской революции 1917 года, возможности достижения консенсуса и вероятности возникновения «войн памяти» относительно данного исторического события в российском обществе.

The article examines the attitude of Russians to the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, the possibility of reaching consensus and the likelihood of «memory wars» regarding this historical event in Russian society.
NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMIC THEORY: ESSENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Gasanov E. A.
Published: January 2022

Неоклассическая экономическая теория – преобладающее в ХХ столетии направление экономи-ческой науки. Она вышла из классической политической экономии. Изучение механизма функционирова-ния рыночной экономики стало прерогативой неоклассической экономической теории. Сторонники этой теории обращают основное внимание на самостоятельную хозяйственную деятельность отдельных индивидов и выступают за ограничение государственного вмешательства в рыночную экономику. Для этой теории принципы рационального эгоизма и «невидимой руки» стали основой подлинного научного анализа.
Radio and γ-Ray Activity in the Jet of the Blazar S5 0716+714
Authors: Kim Dae-Won , Kravchenko Evgeniya V. , Kutkin Alexander M. , Böttcher Markus , Gómez José L. , Gurwell Mark , Jorstad Svetlana G. , Lähteenmäki Anne , Marscher Alan P. , Ramakrishnan Venkatessh , Tornikoski Merja , Trippe Sascha , Weaver Zachary , Williamson Karen E.
Published: January 2022

We explore the connection between the γ-ray and radio emission in the jet of the blazar 0716+714 by using 15, 37, and 230 GHz radio and 0.1–200 GeV γ-ray light curves spanning 10.5 yr (2008–2019). We find significant positive and negative correlations between radio and γ-ray fluxes in different time ranges. The time delays between radio and γ-ray emission suggest that the observed γ-ray flares originated from multiple regions upstream of the radio core, within a few parsecs from the central engine. Using time-resolved 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array maps we identified 14 jet components moving downstream along the jet. Their apparent speeds range from 6c to 26c, and they show notable variations in their position angles upstream from the stationary component (∼0.53 mas from the core). The brightness temperature declines as a function of distance from the core according to a power law that becomes shallower at the location of the stationary component. We also find that the periods at which significant correlations between radio and γ-ray emission occur overlap with the times when the jet was oriented to the north. Our results indicate that the passage of a propagating disturbance (or shock) through the radio core and the orientation of the jet might be responsible for the observed correlation between the radio and γ-ray variability. We present a scenario that connects the positive correlation and the unusual anticorrelation by combining the production of a flare and a dip at γ-rays by a strong moving shock at different distances from the jet apex.
Analysis of Solar Hemispheric Chromosphere Properties using the Kodaikanal Observatory Ca–K Index
Authors: Chowdhury Partha , Belur Ravindra , Bertello Luca , Pevtsov Alexei A.
Published: January 2022

The Kodaikanal Observatory has provided long-term synoptic observations of chromospheric activities in the Ca ii K line (393.34 nm) since 1907. This article investigates temporal and periodic variations of the hemispheric Ca–K-index time series in the low-latitude zone (±40°), utilizing the recently digitized photographic plates of Ca–K images from the Kodaikanal Observatory for the period of 1907–1980. We find that the temporal evolution of the Ca–K index differs from one hemisphere to another, with the solar cycle peaking at different times in the opposite hemisphere, except for cycles 14, 15, and 21, when the phase difference between the two hemispheres was not significant. The monthly averaged data show a higher activity in the northern hemisphere during solar cycles 15, 16, 18, 19, and 20, and in the southern hemisphere during cycles 14, 17, and 21. We notice an exponentially decaying distribution for each hemisphere’s Ca–K index and the whole solar disk. We explored different midterm periodicities of the measured Ca–K index using the wavelet technique, including Rieger-type and quasi-biennial oscillations on different timescales present in the time series. We find a clear manifestation of the Waldmeier effect (stronger cycles rise faster than the weaker ones) in both the hemispheres separately and the whole disk in the data. Finally, we have found the presence of the Gnevyshev gap (time interval between two cycle maxmima) in both the hemispheric data during cycles 15 to 20. Possible interpretations of our findings are discussed with the help of existing theoretical models and observations.
Mother’s Ability to Massage her Baby with Technical Guidance from Medical Personnel: A Systematic Review
Authors: Harun Ayatullah , Salmah Andi Ummu , Hidayanty Healthy , Suriah Suriah , Syafar Muhammad , Hadju Veni , Abdullah Muh. Tahir
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Baby spa is useful for baby’s growth and development. The previous research has shown that when the baby is massaged by the mother, a bond is formed between the mother and the baby compared to other people who do the massage. However, in its implementation, baby spas are often carried out by health workers.
AIM: The purpose of this research is to determine the mother’s ability to do baby massage with the guidance of medical personnel.
METHODS: This method of writing systematic reviews refers to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. Articles were searched in several databases ; ScienceDirect, EBSCO, PubMed, Scinapse, Google Scholar from 2011-2021. The search strategy uses the keywords Infant OR Infant Preterm OR Very Low Birth Weight infants AND Massage OR Oil Massage AND Attachment AND Growth.
RESULTS: The results show the chances of success of mothers doing baby massage with the help of medical personnel, the baby massage learning media used were baby phantoms, brochures, pamphlets, and baby massage videos, and the frequency of massage for 10–15 min each time the massage. The results obtained after the mother did the baby massage were the increase in body weight, body length, arm circumference of the baby, better bonding between mother and baby, improvement in mother’s mood, and increase in mother’s positive attitude in caring for the baby.
CONCLUSION: This study proves that the role of medical personnel in training baby massage to mothers is proven to be effective in increasing the ability of mothers to do baby massage.
L’espace et l’eau, variables clés de la croissance urbaine dans le Sud-Ouest des États-Unis : le cas de Tucson et du Pima County (Arizona)
Authors: Le Tourneau François-Michel , Dubertret Fabrice
Published: January 2022

L’étalement des grandes villes est l’un des principaux moteurs de la transformation de l’espace aux États-Unis et en Arizona. Il est souvent vu comme un exemple emblématique de ce phénomène consommateur d’espace et gourmand en eau. Tucson et l’unité administrative dont elle dépend, le Pima County, émergent dans ce contexte comme un contre-modèle, ayant cherché depuis le début des années 1980 à se distancier de la croissance à tout prix. L’article confronte les ambitions affichées avec la réalité de l’expansion urbaine telle qu’on peut la saisir au travers de nombreuses données géographiques disponibles. Le croisement de ces différentes données permet de mettre au jour quelques succès concernant la gestion des ressources hydriques mais aussi la difficulté des institutions à contrôler les transformations du paysage et l’urbanisation, ainsi que les déséquilibres à moyen et long termes qui sont ainsi engendrés.
Le tamaris au siècle des Lumières
Authors: Burgel Élias
Published: January 2022

Dans un mémoire envoyé en 1778 à l’Académie de Caen, le botaniste languedocien Pierre-Joseph Amoreux projette la mise en place de pépinières de tamaris pour valoriser économiquement les terres littorales mouvantes du royaume de France. Son utopie botanique invite à considérer, par-delà la césure entre nature et culture, l’historicité de cet arbrisseau des incultes saumâtres. Bien qu’il semble constituer un élément immuable des décors lagunaires du bas Languedoc et bien que situé hors des champs, le tamaris est mis en ressource durant l’époque préindustrielle : employé comme combustible, comme fourrage ou comme matériau, il fait l’objet de différentes pratiques de ménagement en vue de sa conservation. De leur côté, les ingénieurs du siècle des Lumières considèrent de plus en plus ce végétal, adjuvant traditionnel de micro-aménagements littoraux, comme un outil d’ aménagement . S’inspirant de savoirs empiriques, ils l’intègrent progressivement à leur art. Au total, le mariage de l’histoire environnementale et de l’histoire rurale permet de considérer cet arbrisseau comme un être hybride.
CCUS et charbon ‒ Existe-t-il encore des opportunités de développement pour les centrales au charbon ?
Authors: Cornot-Gandolphe Sylvie
Published: January 2022

Alors que de plus en plus de gouvernements s’engagent sur la voie de la neutralité carbone d’ici à 2050, sortent du charbon et accélèrent le développement des énergies renouvelables, qu’en est-il des développements CCUS sur les centrales au charbon ? Dans cet article, nous répondons à cette question en expliquant tout d’abord les raisons de l’échec de la première vague de projets CCUS des années 2000, qui était axée principalement sur la capture des émissions des centrales au charbon. Puis, nous examinons l’application du CCUS aux centrales au charbon dans le contexte du regain d’intérêt pour le CCUS depuis 2018. En particulier, les politiques et projets de CCUS dans trois pays clés (États-Unis, Chine et Inde) sont étudiés. Cette analyse montre que le CCUS reste incontournable en Asie pour décarboner un mix électrique dominé par le charbon. Mais sa contribution requiert un signal prix du carbone et des efforts de recherche pour réduire les coûts de la capture du CO 2 . Cette contribution pourrait néanmoins se réduire face à la fermeture anticipée des centrales de ce type, leur repositionnement sur certaines technologies de rupture et les progrès réalisés en la matière.
Les opportunités offertes par le CCUS pour décarboner l’industrie française
Authors: Legait Benoit
Published: January 2022

Dans l’industrie, le captage et le stockage du CO 2 intéressent surtout la sidérurgie et l’industrie cimentière, et permettent des émissions « négatives » pour le gaz carbonique issu de la combustion de la biomasse. En 2050, une quinzaine de Mt CO 2eq devraient être captées et stockées, sous réserve de lever plusieurs freins. L’utilisation de CO 2 semble surtout prometteuse pour favoriser la croissance des cultures et pour la fabrication d’éthanol ; elle nécessite encore d’accroître les efforts en matière de R&D.
Pas de décarbonation du secteur aérien sans la capture et le stockage du CO 2
Authors: Vignon Dominique
Published: January 2022

Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) de l’aviation augmentent de 7 % par an. L’International Air Transport Association (IATA), qui fédère les acteurs du secteur, a annoncé, en septembre 2021, viser l’objectif « Zéro émission nette » en 2050. Outre une meilleure maîtrise de la croissance du trafic, la réduction des émissions de GES passera essentiellement par la mobilisation de carburants substituables au kérosène, dénommés les SAF (synthetic/sustainable aviation fuels) ; l’hydrogène présentant un potentiel limité d’ici à 2050. Or, ces combustibles restent marginalement carbonés, et leur disponibilité n’est pas suffisante pour couvrir tous les besoins du trafic. On estime donc que l’aviation devra recourir à des puits de carbone dès la décennie 2020, et que les émissions à compenser devraient atteindre 1,5 Gt de CO 2 par an en 2050. La certification des émissions séquestrées est délicate, d’où la nécessité de la mise en place d’une organisation indépendante de l’industrie. Le besoin en stockage des émissions françaises pour atteindre l’objectif « Zéro émission nette » dépasse les objectifs de la stratégie nationale bas carbone (SNBC).
Le stockage du carbone dans les sols
Authors: Chenu Claire , Chotte Jean-Luc , Luu Paul
Published: January 2022

Les sols du monde représentent un très important stock de carbone, environ 2 400 Gt de carbone, sous forme de matières organiques. Une perte, même faible, de ces stocks aurait des conséquences désastreuses pour le climat, alors qu’une petite augmentation de ceux-ci pourrait contribuer à atténuer le changement climatique. Cet article présente les caractéristiques de ce stockage, les pratiques et usages des sols qui peuvent être mobilisés pour protéger les stocks de carbone des sols existants et les augmenter, leur performance, ainsi que les nombreux bénéfices associés en termes de fertilité des sols et donc de sécurité alimentaire, d’adaptation au changement climatique et de services écosystémiques. Mais aussi les barrières à l’implémentation de la technologie considérée et les risques associés. Même si le stockage du carbone dans les sols est une technologie d’émissions négatives à bas coût, largement promue par l’Initiative internationale « 4 pour 1000 », des mesures incitatives sont nécessaires pour permettre d’accroître sa mise en œuvre.
Enfance (de l’humanité démocratique)
Authors: Roelens Camille
Published: January 2022

Cet article vise à mettre en lumière ce que l’enfance et le rapport à l’enfance ont d’inédit dans l’hypermodernité démocratique. Le propos relève donc de la philosophie politique de l’éducation, dans une perspective (néo)tocquevillienne, et concerne centralement le présent des sociétés occidentales. Nous commençons par y tirer brièvement les principales leçons de travaux contemporains majeurs consacrés à l’histoire philosophique de l’enfance, et examinons les manières plurielles dont l’enfance se récompense et se redéfinit à l’aune de l’individualisme démocratique et autour du droit. Nous plaidons dans un deuxième temps pour une philosophie politique de l’enfance, dont nous éprouverons la fécondité face aux thèmes et questions vives actuelles des articulations à penser entre éducation et politique, et des enjeux démographiques dans des sociétés individualistes. Nos derniers mots sont pour suggérer que cette question de l’enfance individualiste en démocratie recèle de remarquables vertus heuristiques et pratiques pour concevoir et réaliser une société des individus plus inclusive.
Portrait(s) de l’artiste en pédagogue
Authors: Kerlan Alain
Published: January 2022

La problématique éducative des arts et la place qu’y occupe l’artiste ne peuvent être clarifiées sans que soient démêlés les fils dans lesquels elles sont prises. Il en va de même de la préservation de la perspective émancipatrice de l’éducation artistique. Cette problématique est le plus souvent abordée du point de vue de l’école. Il est pourtant nécessaire, et même d’abord nécessaire, de l’envisager du point de vue de l’art et des artistes. L’intervention des artistes eux-mêmes dans le champ éducatif ne prend tout son sens que si on la considère également comme un développement interne au champ de l’art lui-même. L’histoire de l’art moderne croise celle de l’éducation et de l’enfance. En se situant à ce croisement, on peut comprendre la démarche artistique dans sa singularité, telle qu’elle se déploie dans ce que Rancière appelle « le régime esthétique des arts », comme démarche éducative. C’est alors sous les traits d’un maître ignorant provisoire que l’artiste ouvre dans l’école la possibilité de moments hétérotopiques.
De l’école-laboratoire à l’école-atelier : l’art au cœur du projet éducatif deweyen
Authors: Renier Samuel
Published: January 2022

Partant d’une relecture contemporaine de L’école et la société , œuvre fondatrice de la philosophie de l’éducation développée par le philosophe américain John Dewey, il s’agit d’étudier ici en quoi l’art peut jouer un rôle éducatif, et émancipateur, au sein d’une œuvre souvent caractérisée par son insistance sur la place de la science plus que sur celle des démarches artistiques. En s’appuyant sur les différents exemples fournis par cet ouvrage, l’enjeu consiste alors à rendre visible les différentes dimensions possibles de l’art dans le travail éducatif, tout autant qu’à souligner la singularité de la conception pragmatiste d’une esthétique en prise constante avec l’expérience. Par un détour diachronique, cette étude nous rappelle ainsi que l’école doit autant se faire laboratoire qu’atelier, au sein de sociétés où l’expérience est plus que jamais menacée de pauvreté.
L’éducation diffuse et la ville éducatrice
Authors: Campagnoli Giuseppe
Published: January 2022

Au-delà de l’école. Essayons de mettre entre parenthèses le terme école. Imaginons qu’il n’y ait plus de bâtiments fermés et de murs où les petits garçons et les petites filles, les adolescents et les adolescentes restent confinés pendant leur éducation. Les écoles, comme certains origamis, plient soudainement leurs murs vers l’extérieur, pour les laisser sortir, se mélanger au monde, fourmiller dans les rues, ne serait-ce que pour les parcourir, sans rien à faire, en regardant autour d’eux, observant et touchant, remplissant d’air leurs corps et leurs respirations, de leurs marches et de leurs courses, de leurs mouvements colorés. Imaginons l’éducation diffuse et son architecture.
On the persistence of lower-dimensional tori in reversible systems with high dimensional degenerate equilibrium under small perturbations
Authors: Wang Xiaocai , Cao Xiaofei , Liu Xuqing
Published: January 2022

This paper focuses on the persistence of lower-dimensional tori in reversible systems with high dimensional degenerate equilibrium under small perturbations. By an improved KAM iteration and Topological degree theory, we prove that the invariant torus with given frequency persists under small perturbations. Our result is a generalization of X. Wang et al [On the persistence of degenerate lower-dimensional tori in reversible systems, Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems, 35(2015), 2311-2333].
Comparing regional and provincial-wide COVID-19 models with physical distancing in British Columbia
Authors: McGregor Geoffrey ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada, Tippett Jennifer , Wan Andy T.S. , Wang Mengxiao , Wong Samuel W.K. ,   School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada,   Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
Published: January 2022

We study the effects of physical distancing measures for the spread of COVID-19 in regional areas within British Columbia, using the reported cases of the five provincial Health Authorities. Building on the Bayesian epidemiological model of Anderson et al. [1], we propose a hierarchical regional Bayesian model with time-varying regional parameters between March to December of 2020. In the absence of COVID-19 variants and vaccinations during this period, we examine the regionalized basic reproduction number, modelled prevalence, relative reduction in contact due to physical distancing, and proportion of anticipated cases that have been tested and reported. We observe significant differences between the regional and provincial-wide models and demonstrate the hierarchical regional model can better estimate regional prevalence, especially in rural regions. These results indicate that it can be useful to apply similar regional models to other parts of Canada or other countries.
Global behavior of solutions to an SI epidemic model with nonlinear diffusion in heterogeneous environment
Authors: Xu Shenghu ,   School of Mathematics and Information Sciences, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China, Li Xiaojuan ,   College of Mathematics and Information Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan 641112, China
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a nonlinear diffusion SI epidemic model with a general incidence rate in heterogeneous environment is studied. Global behavior of classical solutions under certain restrictions on the coefficients is considered. We first establish the global existence of classical solutions of the system under heterogeneous environment by energy estimate and maximum principles. Based on such estimates, we then study the large-time behavior of the solution of system under homogeneous environment. The model and mathematical results in [M. Kirane, S. Kouachi, Global solutions to a system of strongly coupled reaction-diffusion equations, Nonlinear Anal., 26 (1996), 1387-1396.] are generalized.
Dynamics of a predator-prey model with strong Allee effect and nonconstant mortality rate
Authors: Ye Juan ,   Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China, Wang Yi , Jin Zhan , Dai Chuanjun , Zhao Min ,   School of Mathematics and Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China,   School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
Published: January 2022

In this paper, dynamics analysis for a predator-prey model with strong Allee effect and nonconstant mortality rate are taken into account. We systematically studied the existence and stability of the equilibria, and detailedly analyzed various bifurcations, including transcritical, saddle-node, Hopf and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation. In addition, the theoretical results are verified by numerical simulations. The results indicate that when the mortality is large, the nonconstant death rate can be approximated to a constant value. However, it cannot be considered constant under small mortality rate conditions. Unlike the extinction of species for the constant mortality, the nonconstant mortality may result in the coexistence of prey and predator for the predator-prey model with Allee effect.
A coral reef benthic system with grazing intensity and immigrated macroalgae in deterministic and stochastic environments
Authors: Zhao Shengnan ,   University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China, Yuan Sanling
Published: January 2022

As the most diverse, productive but vulnerable marine habitats in the world, coral reefs are easily affected by the ubiquitous environmental fluctuations, which could change the population dynamics and induce phase shifts of the ecosystem. In this paper, we consider a coral reef benthic system, where macroalgae, corals and algal turfs compete for the available space on a given region of the seabed with grazing intensity and immigrated macroalgae in both deterministic and stochastic environments. For the deterministic system, we analyze the existence and stability of equilibria, as well as the existence of bifurcations. For the stochastic system, sufficient conditions for the existence of the unique ergodic stationary distribution as well as the extinction of corals are obtained, by choosing suitable Lyapunov functions. Moreover, for the scenario that the system exhibits bistability between a macroalgal-coral coexistence equilibrium and a coral-free equilibrium in the absence of environmental fluctuation, we further investigate the irreversible noise-induced transition from macroalgal-coral coexistence to coral extirpation, and numerically estimate the critical values of noise intensity for the occurrence of such transition with the aids of the technique of stochastic sensitivity functions.
Systemic Integrated Unmanned Aerial System
Authors: Ragab Ahmed Refaat , Peña Pablo Flores , Luna Marco A. , Ale Isaac Mohammad Sadeq
Published: January 2022

Systemic integrated Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), is the process of gathering the subsystems into one fulfilled system. This integration is done in order to improve the system performance, reducing operational costs, and improving the time response of the system. Normally, such systems are integrated using different techniques such as communication processes, and computer networking. In this paper, a new integrated system is implemented by linking functionally computing systems and software applications together in one powerful system.
Extending the Explanatory Scope of Evolutionary Theory: The Origination of Historical Kinds in Biology and Culture
Authors: Wagner Günter P. , Tomlinson Gary
Published: January 2022

Two welcome extensions of evolutionary thinking have come to prominence over the last thirty years: the so-called “extended evolutionary synthesis” (EES) and debate about biological kinds and individuals. These two agendas have, however, remained orthogonal to one another. The EES has mostly restricted itself to widening the explanations of adaptation offered by the preceding “modern evolutionary synthesis” by including additional mechanisms of inheritance and variation; while discussion of biological kinds has turned toward philosophical questions of essential vs. contingent properties of life forms and realist vs. epistemological approaches to categorization and classification. Here we attempt to broaden the explanatory scope of evolutionary theory by linking these two agendas. We expand on the mechanistic orientation of the EES, using new understandings of networked systems of components in order to engage the distinct intellectual challenge of the origination of historical kinds. With this phrase we designate a subset of natural kinds that acquires, through evolutionary processes, a quasi-independent lineage-history. Such kinds emerge in both biology and culture, and we enlarge the limited number of historical kinds that have thus far been recognized in evolutionary biology in a series of paradigmatic exemplars, from genes and cell types to rituals and music. For each exemplar we discern specific mechanisms by which it arose and persists; comparing these, we suggest a general unity in the ways in which diverse historical kinds originate.
Host-Microbiota Co-immunity: An Intimate Relationship That Goes Beyond Protection
Authors: Bazin Thomas , Chiu Lynn , Pradeu Thomas
Published: January 2022

Resident microorganisms, known as the microbiota, are essential for many physiological functions including protection against pathogens. Microbiota is indeed required for proper immune system development and function, and can also host-independently protect against infections. Thus, a co-constructed view of host protection involving both host and microbiota, named “co-immunity,” has been proposed, and the idea of an “immunological holobiont” has been suggested. Yet this view of co-immunity might be too limited, as experimental work has shown that the immune system is involved in functions other than protection, essentially development and repair. Microbiota, through co-immunity, is thereby most likely involved in these functions, although strong evidence is currently lacking. Moreover, as our point of view is mainly host-centered, we may miss the implications of co-immunity at broader scales, including cellular and population levels. Intriguingly, co-immunity effects could be beneficial for one function and/or one level, while being detrimental for others. All these elements should be taken into consideration for microbiota manipulation, in order to avoid potentially harmful side effects.
Philosophie du tir à l’arc
Authors: Alexandre Sandrine
Published: January 2022

Nous ne pouvons manquer d’être frappés aujourd’hui par la référence au terme et à la notion de « valeur(s) ». Évaluer c’est tout à la fois s’affirmer et s’exprimer, mais aussi se signaler sur une mappemonde sociale et politique, autrement dit s’exposer au double sens du terme comme le suggère Bernard Harcourt à propos des réseaux sociaux. Évaluer serait le nouvel avatar des technologies de pouvoir à l’ère digitale. Toute pratique de résistance, dès lors qu’elle se fonde sur la revendication et sur la promotion d’une (autre) axiologie, ne s’inscrirait-elle pas dans le jeu qu’elle entend dénoncer ? N’est-ce pas la possibilité même d’une résistance qui semble exclue ? À moins, peut-être, de déconnecter le jugement de la préférence. À moins, peut-être, d’admettre des valeurs indépendamment de l’appréciation subjective qu’en font les individus. C’est ce que se proposent de faire les stoïciens en leur temps et c’est à cette pensée stoïcienne de l’évaluation – reformulée ici en termes de « dispositif d’évaluation » – que le présent ouvrage s’intéresse. Il s’agit de savoir à quels concepts et à quelles pratiques spécifiques les stoïciens hellénistiques puis impériaux font référence en parlant de valeur et de jugement et comment ces deux aspects s’articulent, ce qui implique d’aborder des thématiques aussi riches que l’axiologie et la psychologie, la théorie de l’action et la doctrine des passions. Outre l’intérêt d’une telle analyse eu égard à l’absence de travaux spécifiquement consacrés à la question de la valeur au sein des études stoïciennes, cette enquête entend avoir aussi une portée philosophique susceptible de contribuer à la critique de nos manières de penser et d’agir.
Two Approaches in Assessing Business Continuity Management Attitudes in the Organizational Context
Authors: Spremic M. , Turulja L. , Bajgoric N.
Published: January 2022

The paper presents two approaches in assessing the business continuity management (BCM) attitudes in the organizational context: qualitative and quantitative. The first approach - case study analysis is based on a series of in-depth interviews with the key people involved in the BCM processes in Croatia (Chief Information Officers – CIOs, Chief Executive Officers – CEOs and BC managers). The second approach is an empirical research that was conducted among companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina based on Confirmative Factor Analysis (CFA) which is used for psychometrically validation of the measurement scale of BCP and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and t-test for the hypotheses testing. The empirical research has shown that there is a statistically significant difference in terms of attitudes of respondents regarding business continuity depending of companies' size and sector that company belongs to. Specifically, financial sector is in all of BCM segments more coherent than other sectors.In addition, qualitative research revealed the results showing that business continuity plan (BCP) and disaster recovery plan (DRP) were the only IT governance areas that were implemented in business practice. The reason for that may be found in the fact that BCP and DRP are very expensive to implement especially for small companies.
Institutions and Economic Transformation in Africa
Authors: Beecroft Ibukun , Osabuohien Evans S. , Olurinola Isaiah O. , Efobi Uchenna R. , Oluwatobi Stephen
Published: January 2022

Economic transformation suggests sustainable and inclusive economic development. It includes the changes in the structures of the economy in favour of more productive sectors to ensure consistent economic progress. This has been the earnest desire of most African countries. However, achieving economic transformation will require strong institutions, among others. The channels through which institutions can influence the process of economic development using specific country analyses are still under-researched. Thus, this study examines the importance of institutions in the development and sustenance of some important sectors: finance, education, technology, industry, and trade, believed to drive economic transformation. Drawing evidence from Nigeria, the study submits that institutions have varying influence on all the selected sectors. Thus, the role of specific sectoral planning based on a strong institutional framework cannot be overemphasised in a country's quest for economic transformation.
Governance Structure Theories for Family Business
Authors: Chopra Ashok , Menon Satish
Published: January 2022

It is perceived by the authors that family ownership may be seen as an opportunity or a threat based on various factors. Ownership and commitment to business would definitely be able to address the concerns of the investor community. This is because of a better understating by the family in having a strategic approach to risk management. Therefore, all the more important to have the right governance conditions in place which reflects the positive aspects of family ownership. The author further states that in order achieve the said perspectives, there emanates a need for a design structure of governance to have a balance between family and business. Hence, it becomes all the more vital to define family values and have the involvement of each and every family member. The author further elucidates on the fact that it becomes imperative to improvise capital and ensure a proper leadership succession planning so that business continuity does not suffer.
Transformation of Human Resources Management Solutions as a Strategic Tool for GIG Workers Contracting
Authors: Elayan Malek B.
Published: January 2022

Recently, organizations are becoming more intelligent, flexible, and efficient by using new digital technologies in human resources management (HRM). The HRM solutions are considered as an important source to support strategic decisions, create value within and across organizations for employees and management. Today, organizations are facing challenges for gig workers to retain the level of progression and development required for business continuity. Gigs are generally self-employed who are very hard to manage without having a solid e-HRMS that can fulfill their needs in addition to the permeate employee needs as well. The main objective of this chapter is to highlight digital transformation in HRM and dive into the e-HRM concept, development stages, types, and strategies. In addition, it shows how e-HRM contributes to increase the effectiveness of human resources. It will also discuss multiple dimensions about the gig work management (GWM) including the contracting methodologies, policies, and behaviors that the e-HRM need to consider for the gig workers.
Ecotourism as a Trigger for Economic Development
Authors: Cantafio Giuseppe Umberto , Nadda Vipin
Published: January 2022

Peripheral Mediterranean regions, such as Calabria, have an urgent need to revitalise the economy through better use of natural resources. The increase in tourism can bring the sought after foreign exchange, resulting in the development of small and medium local enterprises. The chapter aims at evaluating the potential of the Calabria region. This was done by carrying out an analysis of a resource-based view of the aforementioned region. A list of potential nature-based tourism resource sites was identified and discussed. This study highlighted key findings and recommendations to policymakers.
COVID-19 Shock and Schumpeterian “Creative Destruction”
Authors: Pilipenko Olga Ivanovna , Pilipenko Zoya Andreevna , Pilipenko Andrey Igorevich
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic shock pushed the objective processes of discontinuity in the evolution of a static economy. The new path of self-development of the economy in its dynamic state starts with transferring system to the basis of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. In this connection, the fundamental question arises related to what structure will be the main driver of the future dynamic processes. In this regard, the idea of J. Schumpeter about the entrepreneurs' ability to carry out “creative destruction” becomes highly relevant. It is about private business capable of self-regulation as well as building post-coronavirus systemic integrities both in the technological sphere, in society and economy. It is about their forced by COVID-19 understanding of the main factor of their success, associated with the employees and their potential which is largely formed in society and used in firms if they construct their internal organization on the principles of human centrism.
Setting Sail in High Seas Amidst Troubled Waters
Authors: Das Jhilmil
Published: January 2022

In this era of incessant turbulence and upheavals, organizations are bound to remain resilient and agile in order to sustain in such challenging scenarios. The study narrates the crises faced by a premier Indian shipyard which suffered a major setback due to the massive squall, leading to grounding of one of its major infrastructures. The case depicts the dilemma faced by the shipyard in the wake of the crises and the subsequent disposition of leadership, resilience, and commitment exhibited by its protagonist leader, who remains undeterred in the face of adversity and took it in his stride to answer the call of duty in order to rebuild the shipyard for a better tomorrow. This chapter highlights various tenets of transformational leadership emanating out of the burgeoning crisis based on the contingency theory of leadership. The study aims to uniquely contribute to the field of academics as well as practice through deliberative approach in understanding the nature of crisis and impact of the crisis management on HRM and leadership competencies required to handle crisis situations.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Digital Banking
Authors: Bhasin Narinder Kumar , Rajesh Anupama
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 outbreak has drastically changed the life of every person and has infected people in 185 countries. Since no vaccine has been developed for this disease so far, lockdown, work from home, and social distancing and only a few essential services were allowed to open. Lockdown and restricted movement of people was the only solution to control this crisis. These steps taken by all the countries have stopped all the commercial activities which left all businesses, banks, and financial institutions to count losses and cost. The big question which has emerged that whether e-collaboration between banks and technology continues to be the key to success for finding solutions to the problems in this new environment which COVID-19 has created. This chapter examines the way the digital banking collaboration between banks and Fintech can resolve the problems provided by the COVID-19 pandemic and control the impending economic fallout in India and across the world.
Contexts of Political (Un)Stability in Asia and the Chinese Instrumentalisation of Tourism
Authors: Xing Jiawei , Breda Zélia , Silva Jorge Tavares da
Published: January 2022

Tourism is one of the most vulnerable sectors in the face of economic, political, environmental, and social changes. The study regarding the relationship between political phenomena and the dynamics of international relations and tourism is still at an infancy stage. The authors refer, in particular, to contexts of crisis, catastrophes, and conflicts in their relationship with tourism indicators. This is the purpose of this work, focusing on the Chinese case due to its particularities. In other words, they want to see how some regional political phenomena—the Asian context—are reflected in the development of Chinese tourism. They find that there is an immediate correspondence between the number of Chinese tourists and the contexts of political instability, but in which tourist flows are very dependent on government guidelines. Although subject to market dictates, they often obey geopolitical imperatives.
Business Continuity of Critical Infrastructures for Safety and Security Incidents
Authors: Apostolou Konstantinos , Kazantzidou-Firtinidou Danai , Gkotsis Ilias , Eftychidis George
Published: January 2022

The chapter is an overview of important timely concepts with a focus on the safety and security of critical infrastructures (CIs). The content is a result of triangulation of sources from the fields of academia, best practices, legislation, and scientific research. The protection of CIs has been a popular topic of discussion through recent years but also a topic for initiative towards the undisrupted function, prosperity and well-being of nations in a world of interconnections and dependencies. In respect to that, the following content offers input which will assist in the understanding of the concepts surrounding the safety and security of CIs while combining theoretical approaches with practical guidelines for the composition of a business continuity plan. The chapter also discusses the factors contributing to the criticality of technical infrastructures as part of a nation or a cross-border network, the threats to which a CI can be exposed to whether these are natural or man-made.
Facilitating Learning Activities for Students With Disabilities Using Educational Robotics
Authors: Nakanishi Kumiko , Yukawa Hidetaka , Matsushima Hiroki , Yamashita Satsuki , Ikuta Shigeru
Published: January 2022

The teaching of programming and its basic concepts, even to students with disabilities, has a crucial influence on the development of their cognitive functions and blends class lessons with real life. This chapter describes two activities with educational robotics, performed at a school for special needs. In the activities, the students with physical disabilities could nicely operate a wheelchair without bumping into the classmates and dance with moving hands powerfully while expressing the images of the songs; those with intellectual disabilities could learn words describing directions like right, left, go, and back and clarify how many steps the robot could take to reach the destination. These two classes with education robotics provided them with joyful and skillful activities that were quite different to the daily lessons in the existing subjects, and they would benefit from the opportunity to learn additional life skills that are highly applicable to living within society.
Using the 21st Century Framework for a Global Education
Authors: Tobery-Nystrom Jamelyn
Published: January 2022

Special education has forged the path of innovation in education through the power of resources and strategies. This chapter will discuss the 21st Century Framework for a Global Education that informs school systems and institutes of higher education (IHEs), both general and special education teacher preparation programs. Issues of equity and inclusion demonstrated by culturally responsive teaching in the global education initiative will be discussed. This chapter is a synopsis of findings from the last five years of literature collected for a course in a special education program on cultural and technological awareness in the context of global education.
Direct Current Inclined Plane Testing on Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced with Silica Nano Particles
Authors: Ramirez-Vazquez Isaias , Espino-Cortes Fermin Pascual , Gómez-Yáñez Carlos
Published: January 2022

Polymer insulators traditionally used in HVAC (High Voltage Alternating Current) are used in HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission lines. For these polymer insulators, silicone insulating rubber, based on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is used in industry to manufacture high voltage insulators for power lines. Silicone rubber material ages due to pollution and environmental factors such as UV (ultraviolet light), rain, and temperature. Moreover, no international standard is available to standardize its functional characteristics to ensure its best performance in HVDC regime. Standards usually define the testing procedures to measure the resistance of the materials to these conditions. One of the tests used to evaluate the performance in AC (alternating current) of the housing material of polymeric insulators is the inclined plane test (IPT). This test has the purpose of assessing the tracking and erosion resistance of housing materials. However, for the IPT, no consensus is reached yet for this testing in Direct Current (DC) voltage. In addition, there are no indications whether the formulations that have been successfully used for HVAC work fine; also, in HVDC regime, or not. In this paper, an investigation of the tracking and erosion resistance under positive DC IPT is presented. In this way, the study was carried out on skirts of an HVAC commercial insulator and samples of a new outstanding composite silicone rubber formulation filled with micro and nano particles. The results show that HVAC silicone rubber formulations could not be suitable for HVDC applications under highly polluted conditions. In the case of the new enhanced composite, it is shown how nano particles used in this material significantly enhance the performance during DC tracking and erosion testing well above other materials tested in previous works. Also, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the composites is used to correlate thermal stability with the DC IPT performance.