bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Big Data is a big lie without little data: Humanistic intelligence as a human right
Authors: Mann Steve
Published: February 2017

This article introduces an important concept: Transparency by way of Humanistic Intelligence as a human right, and in particular, Big/Little Data and Sur/Sous Veillance, where “Little Data” is to sousveillance (undersight) as “Big Data” is to surveillance (oversight). Veillance (Sur- and Sous-veillance) is a core concept not just in human–human interaction (e.g. people watching other people) but also in terms of Human–Computer Interaction. In this sense, veillance is the core of Human-in-the-loop Intelligence (Humanistic Intelligence rather than Artificial Intelligence), leading us to the concept of “Sousveillant Systems” which are forms of Human–Computer Interaction in which internal computational states are made visible to end users, allowing users (but not requiring them) to “jump” into the computational feedback loop whenever or wherever they want. An important special case of Sousveillant Systems is that of scientific exploration: not only is (big/little) data considered, but also due consideration must be given to how data is captured, understood, explored, and discovered, and in particular, to the use of scientific instruments to collect data and to make important new discoveries, and learn about the world. Science is a domain where bottom-up transparency is of the utmost importance, and scientists have the right and responsibility to be able to understand the instruments that they use to make their discoveries. Such instruments must be sousveillant systems!
Indicator washcloth for detecting alkaline washing solutions to prevent dermatitis patients and babies from skin irritation
Authors: Schaude Cindy , Mohr Gerhard J.
Published: February 2017

A washcloth with a colour indicator appears green when immersed into skin friendly washing agents with a pH of around 6, and red when immersed into irritant washing solutions with a pH above 9. This traffic light colour change of the washcloth helps parents and elderly people avoid allergic reactions caused by alkaline personal care products. The washcloth operates fully reversibly and thus can be used multiple times, and it can be washed without leaching because the dye chemistry is covalently immobilised to the fabric. Testing according to OekoTex 100 product class 1 approves contact with babies, certifying the high stability of immobilisation. The washcloth can be used for proper choice of skin care products and for general dermatology applications.
Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo by cysteine proteinase inhibitors
Authors: Strålberg Fredrik , Kassem Ali , Kasprzykowski Franciszek , Abrahamson Magnus , Grubb Anders , Lindholm Catharina , Lerner Ulf H
Published: February 2017

Inflammation-induced bone destruction is a major treatment target in many inflammatory skeletal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate if the cysteine proteinase inhibitors cystatin C, fungal cysteine proteinase inhibitor (E-64), and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-arginyl-leucyl-valyl-glycyl-diazomethane acetate (Z-RLVG-CHN2) can inhibit LPS-induced osteoclast formation. Mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were isolated and primed with receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) for 24 h, followed by stimulation with LPS, with and without inhibitors. Adult mice were injected locally with LPS and then treated with E-64 and osteoclast formation assessed by the number of cathepsin K+ multinucleated cells. Cystatin C inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation time and concentration dependently (IC50 = 0.3 μM). The effect was associated with decreased mRNA and protein expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K and of the osteoclastogenic transcription factors c-Fos and NFATc1. LPS-induced osteoclast formation on bone slices was also inhibited by cystatin C, resulting in decreased pit formation and release of bone matrix proteins. Similar data were obtained with E-64 and Z-RLVG-CHN2. Cystatin C was internalized in BMMs stimulated by LPS but not in unstimulated BMMs. Osteoclast formation induced by LPS was dependent on TNF-α, and the 3 inhibitors abolished LPS-induced TNF superfamily 2 (gene encoding TNF-α; Tnfsf2) mRNA expression without affecting Il1b, Il6, or oncostatin M (Osm) expression. Formation of osteoclasts in the skull bones after local LPS stimulation was inhibited by E-64. It is concluded that cysteine proteinase inhibitors effectively inhibit LPS-induced osteoclast formation in vivo and in vitro by inhibition of TNF-α expression. The targeting of cysteine proteinases might represent a novel treatment modality for prevention of inflammatory bone loss.
Converted-wave seismic imaging: Amplitude-balancing source-independent imaging conditions
Authors: Shabelansky Andrey H. , Malcolm Alison , Fehler Michael
Published: February 2017

We have developed crosscorrelational and deconvolutional forms of a source-independent converted-wave imaging condition (SICW-IC) and show the relationship between them using a concept of conversion ratio coefficient, a concept that we developed through reflection, transmission, and conversion coefficients. We applied the SICW-ICs to a two half-space model and the synthetic Marmousi I and II models and show the sensitivity of the SICW-ICs to incorrect wave speed models. We also compare the SICW-ICs and source-dependent elastic reverse time migration. The results of SICW-ICs highlight the improvements in spatial resolution and amplitude balancing with the deconvolutional forms. This is an attractive alternative to active and passive source elastic imaging.
Velocity anisotropy of Upper Jurassic organic-rich shales, Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: Koochak Zadeh Mohammad , Haque Mondol Nazmul , Jahren Jens
Published: February 2017

This study investigates the seismic velocity anisotropy of two organic-rich shales from the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The tested organic-rich shale samples were from the Upper Jurassic Draupne and Hekkingen formations collected from two wells (16/8-3S and 7125/1-1) drilled in the central North Sea and western Barents Sea, respectively. The two tested shales are different in organic matter richness and thermal maturation, and they have experienced different burial histories. The shale core plugs were tested in a triaxial cell under controlled pore pressure. Seismic velocities ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) were measured along different orientations with respect to layering to identify the complete tensor of the rock elastic moduli, and to investigate the velocity anisotropy as a function of increasing effective stress. The measured velocity values exhibit strong anisotropy for the two tested organic-rich shales. The anisotropy for both shales is strongest for [Formula: see text]. Seismic velocities follow an increasing trend as the effective stress increases. The anisotropy decreases somewhat with increasing consolidation, probably due to the closing of preexisting fractures and microcracks. The reduction of anisotropy is more evident for the P-wave because it decreases from 0.32 to 0.25 for the Draupne sample and from 0.28 to 0.24 for the Hekkingen sample when the vertical effective stress increases from 26 to 50 MPa. In general, the Hekkingen sample indicates slightly higher velocity values than the Draupne sample due to more compaction and lower porosity. In spite of major differences between the two shale formations in terms of organic matter content, maturity and burial history, they indicate almost the same degree of velocity anisotropy. The outcomes of this study can contribute to better imaging of organic-rich Draupne and Hekkingen shales by constraining the rock-physics properties.
Vector-based elastic reverse time migration based on scalar imaging condition
Authors: Du Qizhen , Guo ChengFeng , Zhao Qiang , Gong Xufei , Wang Chengxiang , Li Xiang-yang
Published: February 2017

The scalar images (PP, PS, SP, and SS) of elastic reverse time migration (ERTM) can be generated by applying an imaging condition as crosscorrelation of pure wave modes. In conventional ERTM, Helmholtz decomposition is commonly applied in wavefield separation, which leads to a polarity reversal problem in converted-wave images because of the opposite polarity distributions of the S-wavefields. Polarity reversal of the converted-wave image will cause destructive interference when stacking over multiple shots. Besides, in the 3D case, the curl calculation generates a vector S-wave, which makes it impossible to produce scalar PS, SP, and SS images with the crosscorrelation imaging condition. We evaluate a vector-based ERTM (VB-ERTM) method to address these problems. In VB-ERTM, an amplitude-preserved wavefield separation method based on decoupled elastic wave equation is exploited to obtain the pure wave modes. The output separated wavefields are both vectorial. To obtain the scalar images, the scalar imaging condition in which the scalar product of two vector wavefields with source-normalized illumination is exploited to produce scalar images instead of correlating Cartesian components or magnitude of the vector P- and S-wave modes. Compared with alternative methods for correcting the polarity reversal of PS and SP images, our ERTM solution is more stable and simple. Besides these four scalar images, the VB-ERTM method generates another PP-mode image by using the auxiliary stress wavefields. Several 2D and 3D numerical examples are evaluated to demonstrate the potential of our ERTM method.
Factors Associated With Early Discontinuation of Study Treatment in the Mammary Prevention.3 Breast Cancer Chemoprevention Trial
Authors: Meggetto Olivia , Maunsell Elizabeth , Chlebowski Rowan , Goss Paul , Tu Dongsheng , Richardson Harriet
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Aromatase inhibitors are established breast cancer chemoprevention interventions. However, nonadherence remains a significant challenge. We investigated the association between worsening menopause-specific quality of life, baseline participant characteristics, and early treatment discontinuation within the Mammary Prevention.3 (MAP.3) breast cancer prevention trial.

Methods

In the MAP.3 randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating exemestane, participants completed the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) at entry and at 6 months. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to assess the associations of baseline participant characteristics and clinically meaningful worsening in menopause-specific quality of life (QOL) with treatment discontinuation at 1 year.

Results

Of the 4,501 participants eligible for this analysis, 724 (17%) discontinued assigned treatment within the first year of random assignment of treatment (19% of the exemestane group and 13% of the placebo group). Between 19% and 35% of women experienced a clinically meaningful worsening in the vasomotor, sexual, physical, and psychosocial domains of the MENQOL within 6 months of treatment initiation. Regardless of receiving exemestane or not, experiencing a worsening in any MENQOL domain or, especially, overall menopause-specific QOL, was associated with early treatment discontinuation (relative risk, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.53 to 2.10 for overall worsening). Assignment to exemestane, having a smoking history, and current employment also were significantly associated with early discontinuation.

Conclusion

Negative changes in menopause-specific QOL influence a woman’s decision to stop chemoprevention therapy. Attention to such symptoms may improve QOL and potentially improve chemoprevention adherence.
Use of Minimal Residual Disease Assessment to Redefine Induction Failure in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: O’Connor David , Moorman Anthony V. , Wade Rachel , Hancock Jeremy , Tan Ronald M.R. , Bartram Jack , Moppett John , Schwab Claire , Patrick Katharine , Harrison Christine J. , Hough Rachael , Goulden Nick , Vora Ajay , Samarasinghe Sujith
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Our aim was to determine the role of end-of-induction (EOI) minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in the identification and stratification of induction failure in patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to identify genetic abnormalities that drive disease in these patients.

Patients and Methods

Analysis included 3,113 patients who were treated in the Medical Research Council UKALL2003 multicenter randomized trial (NCT00222612) between 2003 and 2011. MRD was measured by using standardized real-time quantitative PCR. Median follow-up was 5 years 9 months.

Results

Fifty-nine patients (1.9%) had morphologic induction failure with 5-year event-free survival (EFS) of 50.7% (95% CI, 37.4 to 64.0) and 5-year overall survival of 57.7% (95% CI, 44.2 to 71.2). Of these, a small proportion of patients with M2 marrow (6 of 44) and a low EOI MRD level (< 0.01%) had 5-year EFS of 100%. Conversely, among patients with morphologic remission 2.3% (61 of 2,633) had high MRD (≥ 5%) and 5-year EFS of 47.0% (95% CI, 32.9 to 61.1), which was similar to those with morphologic induction failure. Redefining induction failure to include morphologic induction failure and/or MRD ≥ 5% identified 3.9% (120 of 3,133 patients) of the trial cohort with 5-year EFS of 48.0% (95% CI, 39.3 to 58.6). Induction failure (morphologic or MRD ≥ 5%) occurred most frequently in T-ALL (10.1%; 39 of 386 T-ALL cases) and B-other ALL, that is, lacking established chromosomal abnormalities (5.6%; 43 of 772 B-other cases). Genetic testing within the B-other group revealed the presence of PDGFRB gene fusions, particularly EBF1-PDGFRB, in almost one third of B-other ALL cases.

Conclusion

Integration of EOI MRD level with morphology identifies induction failure more precisely than morphology alone. Prevalence of EBF1-PDGFRB fusions in this group highlights the importance of genetic screening to identify abnormalities that may be targets for novel agents.
Management of Small Renal Masses: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Finelli Antonio , Ismaila Nofisat , Bro Bill , Durack Jeremy , Eggener Scott , Evans Andrew , Gill Inderbir , Graham David , Huang William , Jewett Michael A.S. , Latcha Sheron , Lowrance William , Rosner Mitchell , Shayegan Bobby , Thompson R. Houston , Uzzo Robert , Russo Paul
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To provide recommendations for the management options for patients with small renal masses (SRMs).

Methods

By using a literature search and prospectively defined study selection, we sought systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, prospective comparative observational studies, and retrospective studies published from 2000 through 2015. Outcomes included recurrence-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival.

Results

Eighty-three studies, including 20 systematic reviews and 63 primary studies, met the eligibility criteria and form the evidentiary basis for the guideline recommendations.

Recommendations

On the basis of tumor-specific findings and competing risks of mortality, all patients with an SRM should be considered for a biopsy when the results may alter management. Active surveillance should be an initial management option for patients who have significant comorbidities and limited life expectancy. Partial nephrectomy (PN) for SRMs is the standard treatment that should be offered to all patients for whom an intervention is indicated and who possess a tumor that is amenable to this approach. Percutaneous thermal ablation should be considered an option if complete ablation can reliably be achieved. Radical nephrectomy for SRMs should only be reserved for patients who possess a tumor of significant complexity that is not amenable to PN or for whom PN may result in unacceptable morbidity even when performed at centers with expertise. Referral to a nephrologist should be considered if chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2) or progressive chronic kidney disease occurs after treatment, especially if associated with proteinuria.
Response to ‘On the importance of understanding physiology when estimating energetics in cetaceans’
Authors: Fahlman A. , van der Hoop J. , Moore M. J. , Levine G. , Rocho-Levine J. , Brodsky M.
Published: February 2017

Summary: Our paper highlights how temporal changes in tidal volume and the oxygen exchange ratio significantly affect the accuracy of models that use only breathing frequency to estimate metabolic rate.
On the importance of understanding physiology when estimating energetics in cetaceans
Authors: Folkow Lars P. , Blix Arnoldus Schytte
Published: February 2017

Summary: Fahlman and associates (2016) have emphasized the importance of proper physiological insight when modelling energy expenditure in large cetaceans. Here we argue that they have themselves failed in this endeavour.
Contrasting effects of increased yolk testosterone content on development and oxidative status in gull embryos
Authors: Parolini Marco , Romano Andrea , Possenti Cristina Daniela , Caprioli Manuela , Rubolini Diego , Saino Nicola
Published: February 2017

Hormone-mediated maternal effects generate variation in offspring phenotype. In birds, maternal egg testosterone (T) exerts differential effects on offspring traits after hatching, suggesting that mothers experience a trade-off between contrasting T effects. However, there is very little information on T pre-natal effects. In the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), we increased yolk T concentration within physiological limits and measured the effects on development and oxidative status of late-stage embryos. T-treated embryos had a larger body size but a smaller brain than controls. Males had a larger brain than females, controlling for overall size. T treatment differentially affected brain mass and total amount of pro-oxidants in the brain depending on laying order. T-treatment effects were not sex dependent. For the first time in the wild, we show contrasting T pre-natal effects on body mass and brain size. Hence, T may enforce trade-offs between different embryonic traits, but also within the same trait during different developmental periods.
Multivariate data modelling for de-shadowing of airborne hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Fortuna João , Martens Harald
Published: February 2017

Airborne hyperspectral imaging is a powerful technique for high-resolution classification of large areas of ground,
applied today in fields like agriculture and environmental monitoring. Even though many classification algorithms are capable
of handling shadows without a decrease in performance, visual inspection can be made easier if shadows are removed.
In this paper we present a method for separating the effect of shadows (de-shadowing) and other partially known lighting
condition changes from the effects due to the physical, chemical or biological properties of the ground, which are of
interest. An example application is shown with good results.
Evaluation of Investment Projects Effectiveness by the Criteria of Their Quality
Authors: Зорина  , Zorina A.
Published: February 2017

Under conditions of scarce resources the firm is facing challenge of selection most effective investment projects. In order to make reasonable managerial decisions comprehensive analysis is needed that will show value for investor as well as influence of investments on future development and competitive performance of the firm. The article provides an overview of existing methods of evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects, that allowed to indicate and classify their main advantages and disadvantages. Author presents new approach to evaluation of investment projects effectiveness by the criteria of quality of the industrial system, which forms the basis of investment project. It is shown that its usage helps to essentially lower disadvantages of existing methods.
The Financial Stability of the Enterprise: Content and Assessment
Authors: Земляков  , Zemlyakov M. , Назарова  , Nazarova Elena
Published: February 2017

The paper presents the characteristics of financial stability, gives different definitions of the term and considers the forms of its manifestation.
Theories of Investment Portfolio Optimization
Authors: Назарова  , Nazarova Elena , Жданова  , Zhdanova O.
Published: February 2017

The article presents an analysis of the theories of the investment portfolio optimization, characterizes diversification strategies, gives the evaluation of the Russian theory of optimization of investment portfolios.
Rational Behavior Adjustment Process with Boundedly Rational User Equilibrium
Authors: Ye Hongbo , Yang Hai
Published: February 2017

This paper extends the framework of “rational behavior adjustment process” (RBAP) to incorporating the “boundedly rational user equilibrium” (BRUE). The proportional-switch adjustment process (PSAP) and the network tatonnement process (NTP) are extended to the BRUE case, and their dynamical equations are shown to be Lipschitz continuous, which guarantees the global uniqueness of the classical solutions. A special group of the BRUE-RBAP is proposed, for which the path flows would increase if the paths are in an acceptable path set, and would decrease otherwise. Classical solutions to this special group of models may not exist. Stability of the BRUE-RBAP with classical solutions is proved with separable link travel cost functions. For nonseparable link travel cost functions, the stability of the BRUE-PSAP is proved. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the evolution processes of BRUE-PSAP and BRUE-NTP under various bounded rationality thresholds and different initial states. The applicability of BRUE-PSAP in larger networks with asymmetric link travel cost functions is also illustrated.
Den Alltag beleuchten. Beobachtungen zu Andachten in der Deutschschweiz
Authors: Köhler-Andereggen Andreas
Published: February 2017

Der Beitrag nimmt Andachten und Alltagsminiaturen in den Blick, die im Radio und Fernsehen in der Deutschschweiz gesendet wurden, zum Angebot der Zürcher Bahnhofkirche gehörten oder auf der Homepage der Reformierten Zürcher Landeskirche aufgeschaltet sind. Die hier verwendeten Gattungen werden beschrieben und theologisch analysiert.
Priestertum aller Glaubenden? Digitale Formen von Andacht und Partizipationsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Luthe Swantje
Published: February 2017

Mit der Mediatisierung der Kommunikationszusammenhänge ins Digitale ergeben sich neue Räume, neue (Teil-)Öffentlichkeiten mitten im Alltag, in denen religiöse Rede generiert wird. Dieser Beitrag will der Frage nachgehen, inwiefern die Ausdrucksformen in sozialen Netzwerken sich als Formen von Andacht verstehen lassen. Nach einer Annäherung an den Begriff Andacht und einem explorativen Blick auf digitale Formate wird der Versuch einer theoretischen Einordnung unternommen.
Social Pedagogical Eyes in the Midst of Diverse Understandings, Conceptualisations and Activities
Authors: Hämäläinen Juha
Published: February 2017

The concept of social pedagogy consists of two parts. The principal term is ‘pedagogy’ and the qualifying one is ‘social’. The word ‘social’ is used in different ways and contexts. Therefore, there are also many kinds of semantic interpretations of the concept of social pedagogy. This paper discusses discrepancies of the concept of social pedagogy, paying attention especially to different uses of the qualifying attribute ‘social’. Attention is paid to varieties of theoretical self-conceptions of social pedagogy within the history of the concept.
Synästhesie als Diskurs
Authors: Gruß Melanie
Published: February 2017

Ist von Synästhesie die Rede, so verbinden sich damit gemeinhin Vorstellungen einer »ursprünglichen« Einheit der Sinne. Melanie Gruß dagegen formuliert Synästhesie als Diskurs, der sich im 19. Jahrhundert als Reaktion auf die Entwicklung technischer Medien konstituiert und diese Deutung zuerst hervorbringt. Sie zeigt: Als Konstrukt verknüpft das Synästhetische Utopien gesamtsinnlichen Empfindens mit Visionen der technischen Synthetisierung und Kopplung der Sinne. Die Studie bietet nicht nur einen innovativen Blick auf eine seit etwa 1980 verstärkt geführte Debatte um Synästhesie in Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften, sondern vor allem einen interdisziplinär angelegten Zugriff auf die Kulturgeschichte seit der Moderne.
Transferieren, Transkulturieren und Verstehen
Authors: Kisker Roland
Published: February 2017

Was geschieht, wenn in der Folge kultureller Praktiken auch Lehr- und Lernmethoden um den Globus wandern? Roland Kisker untersucht anhand des Transfers der musikalischen Früherziehung von Deutschland und Österreich nach Südkorea Deutungsverschiebungen von Bildungsmethoden und Lerninhalten im jeweiligen kulturellen Kontext. Die Deutungsmuster der übertragenen Inhalte, Methoden, Materialien und Inszenierungen im Unterricht werden auf der Ausgangs- wie auf der Zielebene modellhaft dargestellt und die ihnen zugrunde liegenden Einflussgrößen herausgearbeitet. Dafür werden neben einer thick description Umfragen und Interviews genutzt. Unter Rückgriff auf das ursprüngliche Modell des Transkulturierens von Ortiz werden dann ausgehend von den Quellen mögliche Zugänge zum Verständnis dieser Prozesse sowie operative Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten entwickelt.
Determination of orthometric elevations using gnss-derived height with the egm2008 geoid height model
Authors: Menegbo Emmanuel
Published: February 2017

The Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has imparted positively on civilian positioning & surveying in the horizontal component in Nigeria for the past two decades. The GNSS receiversâ€™ data are longitude, latitude & elevation. However, the vertical distance measurement have not been fully exploited by geodetic and land surveyors. The GNSS derived heights are ellipsoidal elevation. To convert the GNSS elevation to orthometric heights, a geoidal elevation models is needed. The Earth Gravitational Model, 2008 (EGM2008) is a global geoidal models that can be used to obtain GNSS orthometric heights by defining the relationship with the ellipsoid. This work determines GNSS-derived orthometric heights with ellipsoid-geoidal relationship using GPS ellipsoidal heights and EGM2008 geoidal model GIS data. The EGM2008 GIS data was downloaded and interpolated with GPS data to obtain geoidal heights using ArcGIS 10.1. GNSS-derived heights determined with geoid-ellipsoid relationship formula. The result shows minimum elevation of -2.37599m and maximum elevation of 53.8566m.The derived orthometric heights use to create a model in raster format. The orthometric elevation models created useful in all vertical surveying work, construction work and urban planning. The GNSS orthometric heights models need to be compare with spirit levelling and the local geoidal model determined for improve accuracy.
Нелокальное преобразование волновой функции квантовой частицы
как отражение трансформации внутренней структуры распределенного в пространстве объекта
Authors: Самарин Алексей Юрьевич , Samarin Alexey Yur'evich
Published: February 2017

Анализ интегрального волнового уравнения с ядром в виде интеграла по траекториям показал, что в основе явления коллапса волновой функции лежит нелокальное изменение внутренней структуры квантовой частицы, которая рассматривается в виде совокупности материальных полей. Эта нелокальность позволяет избежать конфликта постулата редукции волновой функции со специальной теорией относительности (СТО). Представлено обоснование детерминистической природы механизма преобразования волновой функции, соответствующего в традиционной квантовой механике редукции фон Неймана, что непосредственно следует из формы континуального интеграла (ядра интегрального волнового уравнения), а случайность квантово-механических результатов измерения объясняется присутствием в процессе измерения макроскопического прибора. Кроме того, показано, что аналогичный механизм трансформации волновой функции может определять и явление декогеренции.
Детально описан эксперимент ЭПР-типа и обоснована возможность передачи информации быстрее скорости света при использовании явления коллапса волновой функции, а также предложены возможные практические способы такой передачи.
Устойчивость монолитной крепи вертикальной горной выработки
с учетом начальной пористости материала и неупругой работы сжатого скелета
Authors: Гоцев Дмитрий Викторович , Gotsev Dmitry Viktorovich , Бунтов Алексей Евгеньевич , Buntov Alexey Evgenyevich
Published: February 2017

Построена математическая модель, описывающая основное напряженно-деформированное состояние монолитной крепи вертикальной горной выработки для материалов с пористой структурой, сжатый скелет которой обладает упрочняющимися упругопластическими свойствами. Деформирование пористой среды под действием заданных радиальных сжимающих нагрузок разделяется на два взаимосвязанных этапа: упругое деформирование пористой среды и неупругое деформирование сжатой матрицы. Задача определения полей напряжений и перемещений крепи вертикальной выработки на каждом этапе деформирования решается в рамках плоского деформированного состояния. При этом не учитываются эффекты, связанные с тем, что выработка имеет конечную глубину. Получены соотношения, определяющие поля напряжений и перемещений на первом и втором этапах деформирования. В качестве условий совместности выбирались условия непрерывности компонент напряжений и перемещений на упругопластической границе, а также равенство нулю пластических деформаций на ней. В рамках точных трехмерных уравнений устойчивости исследована устойчивость основного состояния монолитной крепи вертикальной горной выработки в массивах горных пород со сжатыми порами. Дана оценка влияния на величину границы раздела сред упругого и пластического деформирования начальной пористости и предела текучести материала. Построены графики зависимостей компонент основного напряженного состояния от координаты при различных значениях величины начального раствора пор и других физико-механических и геометрических параметров материала и конструкции.
Кривые длительной прочности нелинейной модели вязкоупругопластичности типа Максвелла
и правило суммирования поврежденности при ступенчатых нагружениях
Authors: Хохлов Андрей Владимирович , Khokhlov Andrew Vladimirovich
Published: February 2017

Исследуется нелинейное определяющее соотношение типа Максвелла для вязкоупругопластичных материалов с двумя произвольными материальными функциями одного аргумента с целью выявления арсенала его возможностей и области применимости, в частности, возможности подключения к нему критериев для описания разрушения при ползучести с постоянным или кусочно-постоянным напряжением. При минимальных первичных ограничениях на материальные функции выведены уравнения теоретических кривых длительной прочности, порожденных соотношением типа Максвелла в сочетании с деформационными и энергетическим (диссипативным) критериями разрушения, а также с интегральными критериями, учитывающими историю деформирования. Аналитически изучены и сопоставлены общие свойства этих кривых. Показано, что они адекватно описывают типичные свойства экспериментальных кривых длительной прочности вязкоупругопластических материалов. Для найденных зависимостей времен разрушения от напряжения проверено выполнение правила линейного накопления поврежденности при ступенчатом нагружении и выведены формулы для величины (и знака) отклонений от него. В частности доказано, что для нелинейного соотношения типа Максвелла в сочетании с диссипативным критерием разрушения всегда в точности выполняется правило линейного накопления поврежденности при любом ступенчатом нагружении, а для деформационного критерия оно, наоборот, никогда не выполняется, но дает оценку сверху или снизу для времени разрушения в зависимости от знака скачка напряжения.
Inactivation of GIRK channels weakens the pre‐ and postsynaptic inhibitory activity in dorsal raphe neurons
Authors: Llamosas Nerea , Ugedo Luisa , Torrecilla Maria
Published: February 2017

The serotonergic tone of the dorsal raphe (DR) is regulated by 5‐HT1A receptors, which negatively control serotonergic activity via the activation of G protein‐coupled inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels. In addition, DR activity is modulated by local GABAergic transmission, which is believed to play a key role in the development of mood‐related disorders. Here, we sought to characterize the role of GIRK2 subunit‐containing channels on the basal electrophysiological properties of DR neurons and to investigate whether the presynaptic and postsynaptic activities of 5‐HT1A, GABAB, and GABAA receptors are affected by Girk2 gene deletion. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings in brain slices from GIRK2 knockout mice revealed that the GIRK2 subunit contributes to maintenance of the resting membrane potential and to the membrane input resistance of DR neurons. 5‐HT1A and GABAB receptor‐mediated postsynaptic currents were almost absent in the mutant mice. Spontaneous and evoked GABAA receptor‐mediated transmissions were markedly reduced in GIRK2 KO mice, as the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous IPSCs were reduced, the paired‐pulse ratio was increased and GABA‐induced whole‐cell currents were decreased. Similarly, the pharmacological blockade of GIRK channels with tertiapin‐Q prevented the 5‐HT1A and GABAB receptor‐mediated postsynaptic currents and increased the paired‐pulse ratio. Finally, deletion of the Girk2 gene also limited the presynaptic inhibition of GABA release exerted by 5‐HT1A and GABAB receptors. These results indicate that the properties and inhibitory activity of DR neurons are highly regulated by GIRK2 subunit‐containing channels, introducing GIRK channels as potential candidates for studying the pathophysiology and treatment of affective disorders.
Rare birds in Slovenia in 2015 – Slovenian Rarities Committee’s Report
Authors: Hanžel Jurij
Published: February 2017

This report by the Slovenian Rarities Committee presents records of rare bird species in Slovenia in 2015, with some addenda for previous years. The numbers in brackets refer to the number of records (first number) and individuals (second number) recorded between 1 Jan 1950 and 31 Dec 2014. Since 1 Jan 2013, submission to the Committee has been required for 37 additional species, 17 of which are regional rarities. Records of these species are not numbered, since records from previous years were not collected by the Committee. One new species, the Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti, was added to category A. Other notable observations were the first record of Parrot Crossbill Loxia pytyopsittacus after 1909, the second record of Baillon’s Crake Zapornia pusilla, the third and fourth records of Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra, the fourth of Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus, the fifth of Richard’s Pipit Anthus richardi and the sixth of Grey Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius. Four species were added to category E: Bahama Pintail Anas bahamensis, Rosy-billed Pochard Netta peposaca, Harris’s Hawk Parabuteo unicinctus and Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria. The list of birds recorded in Slovenia (as of 31 Dec 2015) contains 386 species (371 in category A, 6 in category B, 9 exclusively in category C; 4 species are both in categories A and C). Category D contains 6 species, while category E contains 38, two of which are classified into subcategory E*. These two categories are not part of the list.
The effects of integrating goal setting and reading strategy instruction on English reading proficiency and learning motivation: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Shih Ying-Chun , Reynolds Barry Lee
Published: February 2017

An English as a Foreign Language (EFL) reading class was transformed by integrating goal setting with reading strategy instruction for one academic year. This intervention class was compared to a traditionally taught class to determine whether any differences in terms of motivation towards learning English and reading proficiency would be found. The goals set by the intervention class were analyzed to determine (1) whether they were met and (2) what actions were performed to reach those goals. In addition, it was further investigated whether adolescent Taiwanese students are willing to be taught English reading using an approach incorporating goal setting and reading strategy instruction. Results indicate that goal setting integrated reading strategy instruction seems to be more effective in increasing reading proficiency and learner motivation than the traditional approach as well as encouraging learner autonomy and self-efficacy. Analysis of the actions performed by the intervention group to meet goals revealed two sub-groups of learners: static action students and dynamic action students. Data analysis further indicated the actions performed by dynamic action students consisted of more diverse and concrete learning strategies whereas static action students performed mostly classroom-centered review. Pedagogical implications of the results and future research directions are discussed.
Experience in CCD Photometry at the Tartu Observatory
Authors: Tuvikene T. , Kolka I.
Published: February 2017

We give overview of the CCD instrumentation and data reduction techniques used at the Tartu Observatory. The first results from photometric observations of the peculiar variable V838 Mon are presented.
Results on (UN)Published Wet Runs on Pulsating DB White Dwarfs
Authors: Handler G.
Published: February 2017

I have collected all the WET archival data on the pulsating DB white dwarf stars (DBVs) and re-reduced them. In addition, the WET has recently observed three DBVs. Preliminary results on PG 1115+158, PG 1351+489, KUV 05134+2605, PG 1654+160 and PG 1456+103 are presented, and the future use of the data is outlined.
PG 1605+072 in Wet XCov22: Support for the Multi Site Spectroscopic Telescope
Authors: Schuh S. L. , Heber U. , Dreizler S. , O’Toole S. , Jeffery C. S. , Falter S. , Woolf V.M. , Riddle R. L. , Handler G. , Hürkal Ö. , Pakštiene E. , Klumpe E.W. , Laurance T. , Vuckovic M. , Zoła S. , Kawaler S. D. , Kanaan A. , Monteiro H. , Giovannini O. , Kepler S. O. , Mukadam A. , Provencal J.L. , Nitta A. , Shipman H. , Mullally F. , Grauer A. , Wood M.A. , Bradley P.A. , Kilic M. , Sekiguchi K. , Crowe R. , Sullivan D. J. , Rosen R. , Clemens C. , Xiaojun J. , Janulis R. , O’Donoghue D. , Ogloza W. , Baran A. , Silvotti R. , Marinoni S. , Vauclair G. , Dolez N. , Chevreton M. , Deetjen J. L. , Nagel T. , Pérez J.M. González , Solheim J.-E. , Østensen R. , Ulla A. , Burleigh M. , Good S. , Metcalfe T. S. , Costa A. F.M. da , Costa J. E. S. , O’Brien M.S. , Kim S.-L. , Lee H. , Sergeev A. , Akan C. , Cakirli Ö. , Paparo M. , Viraghalmy G.
Published: February 2017

The Multi-site spectroscopic telescope is a virtual instrument and the name of a collaboration that opens up a new observational window by combining continuous observations of spectroscopic variations and simultaneous photometric monitoring. This constitutes an enormous observational effort, but in return promises to finally provide access to a mode identification for and an asteroseismological analysis of the pulsating sdB star PG 1605+072. Multi-Site Spectroscopic Telescope observations for this object have been secured during a large coordinated campaign in May and June of the year 2002. The frequency resolution and coverage of the photometric time series has been noticeably enhanced by a significant contribution from the Whole Earth Telescope, which was used to observe PG 1605+072 as an alternate target during the WET XCov22 campaign, also conducted in May 2002. This paper briefly outlines the motivation for the MSST project and tries to give a first assessment of the overall quality of the data obtained, with a focus on the Whole Earth Telescope observations.
Constraining the Evolution of ZZ Ceti
Authors: Mukadam A. S. , Kepler S. O. , Winget D. E. , Nather R. E. , Kilic M. , Mullally F. , Hippel T. von , Kleinman S. J. , Nitta A. , Guzik J. A. , Bradley P. A. , Matthews J. , Sekiguchi K. , Sullivan D. J. , Shobbrook R. R. , Birch P. , Jiang X. J. , Xu D. W. , Joshi S. , Ashoka B.N. , Ibbetson P. , Leibowitz E. , Ofek E. O. , Meištas E. G. , Janulis R. , Ališauskas D. , Kalytis R. , Handler G. , Kilkenny D. , O’Donoghue D. , Kurtz D. W. , Müller M. , Moskalik P. , Ogłoza W. , Zoła S. , Krzesiński J. , Johannessen F. , Gonzalez-Perez J. M. , Solheim J-E. , Silvotti R. , Bernabei S. , Vauclair G. , Dolez N. , Fu J. N. , Chevreton M. , Manteiga M. , Súarez O. , Ulla A. , Cunha M. S. , Metcalfe T. S. , Kanaan A. , Fraga L. , Costa A. F. M. , Giovannini O. , Fontaine G. , Bergeron P. , O’Brien M. S. , Sanwal D. , Wood M. A. , Ahrens T. J. , Silvestri N. , Klumpe E. W. , Kawaler S. D. , Riddle R. , Reed M. D. , Watson T. K.
Published: February 2017

We report our analysis of the stability of pulsation periods in the DAV star (pulsating hydrogen atmosphere white dwarf) ZZ Ceti, also called R548. Based on observations that span 31 years, we conclude that the period 213.132605 s observed in ZZ Ceti drifts at a rate dP/dt≤(5.5±1.9)×10

Constraining the cooling rate of ZZ Ceti aids theoretical evolutionary models and white dwarf cosmochronology. The drift rate of this clock is small enough that reflex motion caused by any orbital planets is detectable within limits; our Ṗ constraint places limits on the mass and/or distance of any orbital companions.
High Precision with the Whole Earth Telescope: Lessons and Some Results from XCov20 for the roAp Star HR 1217
Authors: Kurtz D. W. , Kawaler S.D. , Riddle R. L. , Reed M.D. , Cunha M. S. , Wood M. , Silvestri N. , Watson T.K. , Dolez N. , Moskalik P. , Zola S. , Pallier E. , Guzik J.A. , Metcalfe T. S. , Mukadam A. , Nather R.E. , Winget D.E. , Sullivan D. J. , Sullivan T. , Sekiguchi K. , Jiang X.J. , Shobbrook R.R. , Birch P.V. , Ashoka B. N. , Seetha S. , Joshi S. , Girish V. , O’Donoghue D. , Handler G. , Mueller M. , Perez J.M. Gonzalez , Solheim J.-E. , Johannessen F. , Ulla A. , Kepler S.O. , Kanaan A. , Costa A.da , Fraga L. , Giovannini O. , Matthews J. M. , Cameron C. , Vauclair G. , Nitta A. , Kleinman S. J.
Published: February 2017

HR1217 is a prototypical rapidly oscillating Ap star that has presented a test to the theory of nonradial stellar pulsation. Prior observations showed a clear pattern of five modes with alternating frequency spacings of 33.3 μHz and 34.6 μHz, with a sixth mode at a problematic spacing of 50.0 μHz (which equals 1.5 × 33.3 μHz) to the highfrequency side. Asymptotic pulsation theory allowed for a frequency spacing of 34 μHz, but hipparcos observations rule out such a spacing. Theoretical calculations of magnetoacoustic modes in Ap stars by Cunha (2001) predicted that there should be a previously undetected mode 34 μHz higher than the main group, with a smaller spacing between it and the highest one. The 20th extended coverage campaign of the Whole Earth Telescope (XCov20) has discovered this frequency as predicted by Cunha (2001). Amplitude modulation of several of the pulsation modes between the 1986 and 2000 data sets has also been discovered, while important parameters for modelling the geometry of the pulsation modes have been shown to be unchanged. With stringent selection of the best data from the WET network the amplitude spectrum shows highest peaks at only 50 μmag and formal errors on the determined amplitudes are 14 μmag. Some lessons for future use of WET for the highest precision photometry on bright stars are discussed.
Mauna Kea High Speed Photometry of Transits of the Extrasolar Planet HD 209458B
Authors: Sullivan Denis J. , Sullivan Tiri
Published: February 2017

Using high-speed photometry techniques, three transits of the extrasolar planet across the disk of the star HD 209458 have been observed. The combination of a WET-style 3-channel photometer and an excellent site yielded millimagnitude photometric precision. The various techniques used to reduce the raw data obtained under different observing conditions are presented along with modelling of the transit light curves. Finally, a summary of what we have learned about this unique extrasolar planet is provided.
Combining Aperture and PSF-Fitting Photometry
Authors: Handler G.
Published: February 2017

The multiple object and multiple frame (MOMF) CCD photometry package, that combines the advantages of aperture and PSF photometry is described. Results from comparisons with other programs are given; no other photometry package was found to give better results than MOMF.
The Consequences of Assuming m=0 for Global Model-Fitting
Authors: Metcalfe Travis S.
Published: February 2017

A recent re-analysis of Whole Earth Telescope observations of GD 358 obtained in 1990 suggest that asteroseismology of additional DBV white dwarfs can lead to independent constraints on the important, but poorly determined,
Mt. Dushak-Erekdag Observatory: A Chance to Close the Asian Gaps in WET Coverage
Authors: Dorokhova T. N. , Dorokhov N. I.
Published: February 2017

The Mt. Dushak-Erekdag Observatory (Central Asia, Turkmenistan, 58° E longitude) is located just in the longitudes gap of asteroseismological networks. It is the southernmost observatory of the former Soviet Union, its latitude is +38°. The sky seeing at the site is one of the best in Central Asia: a low light pollution, high and stable sky transparency, over 200 usable nights per year. The altitude is above 2000 m.

Odessa Astronomical Observatory has its 0.8 m telescope with a two-star high-speed photometer there, which frequently participates in international programs and multi-site campaigns. An accuracy of the photometry amounts to 1 mmag. Besides, a 1 m wide-angle telescope and a dual-tube telescope with 0.5m mirrors are installed at the observatory.

The developed infrastructure at the site and the stable economy in Turkmenistan make the Mt. Dushak-Erekdag Observatory very interesting for the WET observations.
The Depth of the Heavens – Belief and Knowledge During 2500 Years
Authors: Høg Erik
Published: February 2017

For Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) the spiritual cosmos contained the Heavens, Earth and Hell, and it was compatible with the physical cosmos known from Aristotle (384-322 B.C.). Dante’s many references in his Divine Comedy to physical and astronomical subjects show that he wanted to treat these issues absolutely correctly. Tycho Brahe proves three hundred years later by his observations of the Stella Nova in 1572 and of comets that the spheres of heavens did not really exist. It has ever since become more and more difficult to reconcile the ancient ideas of a unified cosmos with the increasing knowledge about the physical universe. Ptolemaios derived a radius of 20 000 Earth radii for the sphere of fixed stars. This radius of the visible cosmos at that time happens to be nearly equal to the true distance of the Sun, or 14 micro-light-years. Today the radius of the visible universe is a million billion (1015) times larger than Tycho Brahe believed. The lecture gave an overview of astronomical distances and their dramatic change during two and a half millennia, the following text is an extract hereof.
The Reduction of CCD Images for Stellar Photometry on the Vatt
Authors: Janusz R. , Boyle R. P. , Philip A. G. Davis
Published: February 2017

We briefly describe a method of organizing all the star field exposures taken in a complete CCD observational run. By a “CommandLog” (to be published in J. Astron. Data) one can organize all the observations and process them within IRAF in an orderly, automated manner to arrive at stellar photometry calibrated into a standard photometric system (in our case, Strömvil). During the course of this processing we determine the error of the flat and try to correct it.
Calibration of the Strömvil Photometric System
Authors: Kazlauskas A. , Straižys V. , Boyle R. P. , Philip A. G. Davis , Laugalys V. , Černis K. , Sperauskas J.
Published: February 2017

A calibration of color indices of the Strömvil photometric system in terms of physical parameters of stars is presented. The calibration is based on photoelectric photometry of about 1000 stars with known effective temperatures, distances, gravities and metallicities. The observations were accomplished in 2000-2003 with the 1.5 meter telescope of the Steward Observatory. The distances were taken from the Hipparcos catalog, and Te, log g, [Fe/H]) were collected from several literature sources and averaged.