bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Por uma cidadania consciente e sustentável: patrimônio nas trilhas urbanas de Juazeiro do Norte (RMCARIRI, CEARÁ)
Authors: Almeida Regivania Rodrigues de , Moura-Fé Marcelo Martins de , Pinheiro Mônica Virna de Aguiar
Published: December 2024

Juazeiro do Norte é conhecida por uma intensa diversidade cultural, num contexto em que mestres, mestras e coletividades, são portadoras de importantes referenciais da cultura local. Posto isso, o objetivo é produzir reflexões que possam contribuir para construção de ações de valorização e preservação do patrimônio cultural na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte. O estudo tem uma abordagem qualitativa, fundamentado nos conceitos de patrimônio, educação patrimonial, cidadania e desenvolvimento sustentável, relacionando patrimônio e os ODS, compondo-se de uma revisão de literatura e pesquisa documental e de campo, analisando os dados de forma integrada. Com os resultados, espera-se contribuir para a valorização e preservação do patrimônio cultural, fortalecendo a cultura como dimensão da sustentabilidade.
Failure and Degradation Mechanisms of Steel Pipelines: Analysis and Development of Effective Preventive Strategies
Authors: Kowalczyk Marcin , Andruszko Jakub , Stefanek Paweł , Mazur Robert
Published: December 2024

In response to increasing challenges with respect to the reliability and durability of pipeline infrastructure, understanding the mechanisms that lead to the degradation and failure of steel pipelines is essential. This paper focuses on the analysis of selective corrosion and erosion as primary degradation mechanisms, employing advanced research methodologies, including macroscopic analysis, corrosion testing, microscopic examination, and mechanical strength testing. Selective corrosion, particularly in the heat-affected zones (HAZ) of the welds, and erosion were identified as critical damage mechanisms that often exacerbate each other. Detailed analysis of damaged pipeline segments was performed, evaluating the extent of weld degradation, and investigating the characteristics and morphology of corrosion pits. The study found that selective corrosion in longitudinal welds significantly undermines the integrity of the pipeline, with erosion further accelerating the degradation process. These findings are reinforced by strength analyzes and finite element modeling (FEM), demonstrating the critical impact of these degradation mechanisms on the structural integrity and load-bearing capacity of pipelines. The research underscores the importance of an integrated approach to monitoring and maintaining steel pipelines, highlighting the need for continued research to optimize material composition and welding techniques to mitigate susceptibility to selective corrosion and erosion. These insights are crucial in developing more robust preventive strategies to improve the service life of pipeline infrastructure.
PET Granules Replacement for Fine Aggregate in Concrete and FRP Wrapping Effect: Overview of Experimental Data and Model Development
Authors: Sancak Omer Fatih , Ozyurt Muhammet Zeki
Published: December 2024

In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was substituted for concrete at 10%, 20%, and 30% of the sand volume. Compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength tests were applied to concrete samples and stress-strain graphs were obtained. It was observed that PET substitution caused a decrease in the mechanical properties of the concrete. For this reason, the concrete with the best PET substitution rate was reinforced by wrapping it with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), and the same experiments were repeated. It was observed that the damage caused by PET substitution could be compensated by the wrapping. In addition, this study provides a comprehensive database by bringing together experimental data from studies in which PET was substituted by volume or weight instead of fine aggregate in concrete. Based on the experimental results and literature data, model suggestions for PET-substituted concrete were made. The models proposed in this study, along with previous models, were tested for applicability. Similarly, the model suggestions in the literature for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined concrete were tested with the experimental data in this study, and their suitability for PET-substituted concrete was discussed.
Activity and Behavioral Recognition Using Sensing Technology in Persons with Parkinson’s Disease or Dementia: An Umbrella Review of the Literature
Authors: Boyle Lydia D. , Giriteka Lionel , Marty Brice , Steihaug Ole Martin , Haugarvoll Kristoffer , Sandgathe Lucas , Husebo Bettina S. , Patrascu Monica
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND With a progressively aging global population, the prevalence of Parkinson’s Disease and dementia will increase, thus multiplying healthcare burden worldwide. Sensing technology can complement current measures used for symptom management and monitoring. The aim of this umbrella review is to provide future researchers with a synthesis of current methodologies and metrics for use of sensing technologies for the management and monitoring of activities and behavioral symptoms in older adults with neurodegenerative disease. This is of key importance when considering the rapid obsolescence of and potential for future implementation of these technologies into real-world healthcare settings. METHODS Seven medical and technical databases were searched for systematic reviews (2018-2024) which met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Articles were screened independently using Rayyan. PRISMA guidelines, the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, and the Johanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews were utilized for assessment of bias, quality, and research synthesis. A narrative synthesis combines the study findings. RESULTS After screening 1458 articles, 9 systematic reviews were eligible for inclusion, synthesizing 402 primary studies. This umbrella review reveals that use of sensing technologies for observation and management of activities and behavioral symptoms is promising, however diversly applied, heterogenous in methods used, and currently challenging to apply within clinical settings. CONCLUSIONS Human Activity and Behavioral Recognition requires true interdisciplinary collaborations between engineering, data science, and healthcare domains. Standardization of metrics, ethical AI development, and a culture of research-friendly technology and support are the next crucial developments needed for this rising field.
Artificial Intelligence for Patient Support: Assessing Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Answering Postoperative Rhinoplasty Questions
Authors: Genovese Ariana , Prabha Srinivasagam , Borna Sahar , Gomez-Cabello Cesar Abraham , Haider Syed Ali , Trabilsy Maissa , Tao Cui , Forte Antonio Jorge
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) can enhance patient education, but pre-trained models like ChatGPT provide inaccuracies. This study assessed a potential solution, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), for answering postoperative rhinoplasty inquiries; (2) Methods: Gemi-ni-1.0-Pro-002, Gemini-1.5-Flash-001, Gemini-1.5-Pro-001, and PaLM 2 were developed and posed 30 questions, using RAG to retrieve from plastic surgery textbooks. Responses were evaluated for accuracy (1-5 scale), comprehensiveness (1-3 scale), readability (FRE, FKGL), and understandabil-ity/actionability (PEMAT). Analysis included Wilcoxon rank sum, Armitage trend tests, and pair-wise comparisons; (3) Results: AI models performed well on straightforward questions but struggled with complexities (connecting "getting the face wet" with showering), leading to a 30.8% nonre-sponse rate. 41.7% of responses were completely accurate. Gemini-1.0-Pro-002 was more com-prehensive (p < 0.001) while PaLM 2 was less actionable (p < 0.007). Readability was poor (mean FRE: 40-49). Understandability averaged 0.7. No significant differences were found in accuracy, readability, or understandability among models; (4) Conclusions: RAG-based AI models show promise but are not yet suitable as standalone tools due to nonresponses and limitations in reada-bility and handling nuanced questions. Future efforts should focus on improvements in contextual understanding. With optimization, RAG-based AI could reduce surgeons' workload and enhance patient satisfaction, but it is currently unsafe for independent clinical use.
Optimizing Bioenergy Production from Chlorella via Salt-Induced Stress and Heat Pretreatment
Authors: Sfetsas Themistoklis D. , Ghoghoberidze Sopio , Samaras Petros , Falaras Polycarpos , Kotsopoulos Thomas
Published: December 2024

This study presents an integrated strategy to optimize biofuel production from Chlorella sorokiniana (CSO) and Chlorella vulgaris (CVU) by combining salt-induced stress and thermal pre-treatment. The microalgae were cultivated in anaerobic digestate effluent (ADE) under stress and non-stress conditions to evaluate nutrient availability's impact on biomass composition. Salt stress significantly enhanced lipid accumulation, with CVU exhibiting a 51.6% increase. Thermal pretreatment of biomass at 90°C for 10 hours achieved the highest methane yield (481 mL CH₄/g VS), with CVU outperforming CSO. Milder pretreatment conditions (40°C for 4 hours) were more energy-efficient for CSO, achieving a yield of 2.67%. Fatty acid profiles demonstrated species-specific biodiesel properties, with CSO rich in oleic acid (33.47%) offering enhanced oxidative stability and cold flow performance, while CVU showed a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content. This research highlights the economic viability of using ADE as a low-cost cultivation medium and the potential for scalable thermal pretreatments. Future research should focus on reducing energy demands of pretreatment processes and exploring alternative stress induction methods to further enhance biofuel yields. These findings offer valuable insights for tailoring cultivation and processing strategies to maximize lipid and methane production, supporting sustainable and economically viable dual biofuel production systems.
Cloud/VPN Based Remote Control of a Modular Production System Assisted by a Mobile Cyber Physical Robotic System—Digital Twin Approach
Authors: Simion Georgian , Filipescu Adrian , Ionescu Dan , Filipescu Adriana
Published: December 2024

This paper deals with a “Digital Twin” (DT) approach for a processing, reprocessing and scrapping (P/R/S) technology running on a modular production system (MPS) assisted by a mobile cyber-physical robotic system (MCPRS). The main hardware architecture consists of four-workstations (WSs), line-shaped, a wheeled mobile robot equipped with a robotic manipulator (RM) and a mobile visual servoing system (MVSS) mounted on the end effector. The system architecture integrates a hierarchical control system where each of the four WSs, in the MPS, is controlled by a PLC, all connected via Profibus DP to a central PLC. In addition to the connection via Profibus of the four PLCs, related to the WSs, to the main PLC, there are also the connections of the other devices to the local networks, LAN-Profinet and LAN-Ethernet and the connection to the Internet via WAN-Ethernet by open platform communication unified architecture (OPC-UA). The overall system follows a DT approach that enables task planning through augmented reality (AR) and uses virtual reality (VR) for visualization through Synchronized Hybrid Petri Nets (SHPN) simulation. Timed Petri Nets (TPN) are used for controlling the processes within the MPS’s workstations. Continuous Petri Nets (CPN) handle the movement of the MCPRS. Task planning in AR enables user to interact with the system in real-time using AR technology to visualize and plan tasks. SHPN in VR is combination between TPN and CPN used in the virtual representation of the system for synchronizing tasks between the MPS and MCPRS. The workpiece (WP) visits stations successively as it is moved along the line for processing. If the processed WP does not pass the quality test, it is taken from the last WS and is transported, by MCPRS, to the first WS where it will be considered for reprocessing or scrapping.
The Potential of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Hemiboreal Baltic Region: A Review
Authors: Liepiņš Kaspars , Bleive Alise
Published: December 2024

As European forests face increasing threats from climate change and disturbances, diversifying tree species can be a crucial strategy to safeguard their ecological functions and climate mitigation potential. European beech is a valuable tree species with a wide distribution across Central and Western Europe. While the current natural distribution of European beech does not extend to the Baltic states, climate change models indicate a potential northward range expansion. This raises the intriguing possibility of introducing beech to Baltic forests as a climate adaptation strategy. Beech’s ability to adapt to changing climate conditions, coupled with its potential to enhance biodiversity and provide high-quality timber, makes it an attractive option for forest managers. However, successful establishment and growth of beech in the Baltic region will depend on various factors, including competition with native species, soil conditions, and microclimate. To fully assess the potential benefits and risks of beech introduction, further research is needed to understand its ecological interactions with local species and its response to specific site conditions. By carefully considering these factors, forest managers can develop effective strategies to promote beech’s establishment and growth, ultimately contributing to the resilience and sustainability of Baltic forests in the face of climate change.
Geoecological Condition of the Upper Reaches of the Avar Koisu River Basin (the Eastern Caucasus) Under Conditions of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Load
Authors: Mamaev Surkhay A. , Cherkashin Vasiliy I. , Ataev Zagir V. , Ibaev Zhavrail G. , Idrisov Idris I. , Suleymanov Vladimir K.
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the researches carried out is determined by the fact that recently the world community of scientists has been paying great attention to environmental conservation, and the observed climate changes are mainly associated with global warming. One of the most important elements of the environment that can be changed is the hydrosphere, in particular the basins of mountain rivers, many of which are a source of replenishment of the Caspian Sea level. Along with natural factors affecting the condition of hydrogeological objects, anthropogenic pressure associated with human economic activity also has a huge impact.
Given the importance of the issue under consideration, the purpose of our researches was to collect, process and analyze the geoecological state of the upper reaches of the high-altitude part of the Avar Koisu River basin under conditions of global climate change and increasing anthropogenic load.
The methodology of the researches was based on the survey of landscapes and the conduct of engineering and geological geophysical studies of the high-altitude part of the Avar Koisu River basin. The analysis of the obtained results made it possible to assess the state of the landscapes of the high-altitude part of the river basin associated with climate change, and engineering-geological and engineering–geophysical data - to assess the impact of anthropogenic load on them.
Synthesis of Waste-Derived Geopolymer-Zeolite Composite with Enhanced CO2 Adsorption Capacity
Authors: Silveira Andresa Rodrigues da , Freire Alisson Lopes , Elyseu Fabio , Moreira Regina de Fatima Peralta Muniz , Peterson Michael , Doyle Aidan M , Pergherd Sibele Berenice Castella , Hotza Dachamir , De Noni Jr. Agenor
Published: December 2024

Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are related to global warming and climate change. Materials to be used for CO2 capture are an important factor in assisting humanity in overcoming this challenge. The goals of this study are to look into the synthesis of adsorbents from red mud (RM), fly ash (FA), and metakaolin (MK). The initial composition was chosen to induce in-situ crystallization of zeolites dispersed along with a geopolymer matrix. Two aging steps were used, which combined temperature (25; 95 °C) and atmosphere (air; water). The MK+FA system crystallized zeolite sites dispersed throughout the geopolymer matrix. These crystals were identified as faujasite-Na. They were responsible for the surface area ranging from 23.2 to 238.4 m2.g-1, and CO2 adsorption from 0.83 to 2.32 mmol.g-1 at 35°C and 1 atm. The best results were obtained by first aging at 95 °C for 120 h, followed by water aging at 25 °C for 120 h.
miRNA Library Preparation Optimisation for Low Concentration and Low Volume Paediatric Plasma Samples
Authors: Rodgers Oenone , Watson Chris , Waterfield Tom
Published: December 2024

Background: Analysing circulating miRNAs in paediatric plasma is challenging due to typically low sample volumes. The QIAseq miRNA UDI Library Kit was selected as it has a proven track record with a specific protocol for plasma and serum. The protocol however, required optimisation for use with low volume paediatric plasma samples before generating acceptable yields in our cohort. Methods: The miRNeasy Serum/ Plasma kit (Qiagen) and the MagMAX miRVana Total Isolation kit (ThermoFisher) were assessed following the manufacturer’s instructions with 100µl and 200µl of paediatric plasma. Libraries were prepared using the QIAseq miRNA UDI Library Kit (Qiagen). Optimisations were made for the QIAseq miRNA UDI Library Kit (Qiagen) using total RNA extracted with the miRNeasy Serum/ Plasma kit (Qiagen) from 100µl of plasma. Results: Prior to optimisation, both RNA extraction kits underperformed with the QIAseq miRNA UDI Library kit, producing low miRNA library yields ranging between 0-1.42ng/µl. Plasma input volumes of 100µl and 200µl demonstrated no significant differences. The miRNeasy Serum/ Plasma kit and 100µl plasma were selected for further optimisation. Adjusting the QIAseq protocol for low RNA concentrations improved miRNA library yields, an average of 5.6ng/µl and a maximum of 24.3ng/µl across 92 samples. The optimised protocol showed no age or gender biases with the QIAseq kit. Conclusions: Failure rates in miRNA library preparations are rarely reported, making it hard to gauge whether the 8.7% failure rate observed here is typical. However, given the challenges of using low-concentration, low-volume paediatric plasma, this represents a significant improvement over previous attempts, supporting further research in the field.
Whole Genome Sequencing from Dried Blood Spots for Newborn Screening of Menkes Disease and 36 Other Actionable Inherited Neurometabolic Disorders
Authors: Kaler Stephen Gerard , Venkataraman Lalitha , Pham Minh T. , Kennedy Benjamin J. , Marhabaie Mohammad , Koboldt Daniel C.
Published: December 2024

Tandem mass spectrometry is currently used by the Ohio Department of Health to screen newborn infants for 36 medically actionable inborn errors of metabolism. As a complementary test for infants with abnormal biochemical screens, whole genome sequencing (WGS) could reduce false-positive results, facilitate timely case resolution and, in some instances, indicate a more specific diagnosis than obtained initially. Menkes disease is a X-linked recessive disorder of human copper metabolism with a predicted minimum birth prevalence of 1 in 34,810 live male births. Recent progress in treatment options for Menkes heighten the importance of newborn screening (NBS) to identify this illness within the window of therapeutic opportunity, the first 6 to 8 weeks of life. We developed a DNA extraction protocol from dried blood spots that yielded high quality DNA for whole genome sequencing and studied 24 subjects with known ATP7A variants. Analysis was confined to genes (n=55) for neurometabolic conditions currently screened for in Ohio (n=36) plus ATP7A (Menkes disease). WGS detected all ATP7A variants including 8 missense, 5 splice site, 4 copy number variants, 5 nonsense, and 2 indels. WGS also detected 5 heterozygous pathogenic variants and 16 other variants, either benign or of unknown significance, in 11 genes that encode conditions for which Ohio screens. Our results confirm the feasibility, sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of this approach for early Menkes disease detection and to complement tandem mass spectroscopy for detection of other actionable inherited disorders.
The Philosophical Perspective Patient Centered Care (Pcc) on Treatment Adherence Tuberculosis Patients: A Literature Review
Authors: Yulanda Nita , Sukartini Tintin , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: December 2024

Patient-centered care (PCC) as a philosophy is defined as the provision of care with an emphasis on the person. Patient-centered care is important enough to be one part of the coordination and collaboration efforts of the WHO strategy to eradicate tuberculosis. Patient-centered care is concerned with increasing patient empowerment and understanding of the tuberculosis treatment programme. Tuberculosis treatment adherence can be achieved through several strategies using a multicomponent strategy that includes patient and family education, utilising digital health media, and implementing individualised management.
Impact Of Strength Training On Body Composition, Volumetrics And Strength In Female Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Pardo-Hernández Rocío , Fernández-Solana Jessica , González-Bernal Jerónimo J. , Romero-Pérez Ena Monserrat , Horta-Gim Mario Alberto , Pesqueira Luis Enrique Riojas , Muñoz-Alcaraz María Nieves , González-Santos Josefa , Santamaría-Peláez Mirian
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims: This cross-sectional study investigates body composition and strength in fe-male breast cancer survivors, focusing on the effects of radical mastectomy and the presence of upper extremity lymphoedema. The main objective was to understand body composition, vo-lumetry and strength, as well as response to strength training in female breast cancer survivors. Methods: Twenty-three women with radical mastectomy were assessed by measuring body composition (weight, water percentage, fat, muscle and lean mass), maximal strength, perimeters and brachial volumes. Participants completed a 10-week strength training programme. No sig-nificant differences were found between the affected/healthy hemispheres in terms of composition, perimeters and volumetrics. However, 11 women were found to have lymphoedema (47.8%). No statistically significant differences were found between hemibodies after the intervention, alt-hough improvements were obtained in pectoral strength and manual grip, as well as in muscle mass, lean mass [p=0.002 each]. Cases with lymphoedema were reduced to 5 (21.73%). Conclusions: While strength training is shown to benefit body composition, strength and incidence of lym-phoedema in mastectomised women, further scientific evidence is needed with larger controlled trials and follow-up studies to validate these findings, as well as the impact on the quality of life of these survivors.
The Method for Assessing the Causes of Damage to a Bearing in a Rotary Air Preheater
Authors: Maślak Paweł , Przybyłek Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

The article presents a method for identifying the cause of damage to a rotary air preheater on one of the fluidized bed boilers operating in a power plant. The bearing in question operates under harsh conditions with exhaust gas temperature reaching 287 [°C] and causing its casing to heat up intensively. It is therefore important to ensure that the bearing is constantly cooled by water, which lowers the operating temperature and thus extends its service life. Unfortunately, after a short period of operation, the upper double-row spherical roller bearing was damaged and the tests presented in the assessment method helped to determine the cause of damage to its casing.
TH301, a Circadian Clock Modulator, Emerges as a Novel Anti-oncogenic Agent for Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells: the Dispensable Roles of p53, CRY2 and BMAL1 in TH301-induced CDKN1A/p21CIP1/WAF1 Upregulation
Authors: Farmakis Danae , Stravopodis Dimitrios J , Prombona Anastasia
Published: December 2024

Background: Pancreatic Ductal Adeno-Carcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer, with lim-ited treatment options. Disruption of the circadian clock, which regulates key cellular processes, has been implicated in PDAC initiation and progression. Hence, targeting circadian clock components may offer new therapeutic opportunities for the disease. This study investigates the cytopathic ef-fects of TH301, a novel CRY2 stabilizer, on PDAC cells, aiming to evaluate its potential as a novel therapeutic agent. Methods: PDAC cell lines (AsPC-1, BxPC-3 and PANC-1) were treated with TH301, and cell viability, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, autophagy, circadian gene and protein expression profiles were analyzed, using MTT assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting and RT-qPCR technologies. Results: TH301 proved to significantly decrease cell viability and to induce cell cycle arrest at the G1-phase across all PDAC cell lines, and especially the AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 ones, herein examined. It caused dose-dependent apoptosis and autophagy, and it synergized with Chloroquine and Oxaliplatin to enhance anti-oncogenicity. The remarkable induction of p21 by TH301 was shown to follow clock- and p53-independent patterns, thereby indicating the critical engagement of alternative mechanisms. Conclusions: TH301 demonstrates significant anti-cancer activities in PDAC cells, thus serving as a promising, new therapeutic agent, which can also syn-ergize with approved treatment schemes, by targeting pathways beyond circadian clock regulation. Altogether, TH301 likely opens new therapeutic windows for the successful management of pan-creatic cancer, in the clinical practice.
Contestation of Colonial Knowledge and the Emergence of Epistemological Decoloniality in Early Pan-African Thought (1910s-1950s)
Authors: Melo Nouridin
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The mid-20th century heralded a critical epistemological rupture, foregrounding the contestation of Eurocentric paradigms and the emergence of decolonial frameworks in African intellectual discourse. This article interrogates the formative contributions of early Pan-African thought, spanning the 1910s to the 1950s, which constituted the intellectual scaffolding for epistemological decoloniality. Through an incisive critique of colonial knowledge systems, Pan-African thinkers transitioned from passive engagement to an assertive reclamation of epistemic agency.
Central to this ideological shift was the reconfiguration of educational paradigms. Visionaries such as Edward Blyden and James Africanus Horton repudiated the erasure of African historical and cultural legacies within colonial pedagogical structures, advocating instead for educational models anchored in African epistemologies. Their endeavors sought to cultivate intellectual self-determination and socio-cultural justice. Simultaneously, scholars like W.E.B. Du Bois and Cheikh Anta Diop interrogated Eurocentric historiographical distortions, rigorously documenting Africa's pre-colonial civilizations to subvert hegemonic narratives and restore historical subjectivity.
The intellectual ferment of the Négritude movement further amplified these critiques by valorizing African identity, aesthetics, and heritage, while the deliberative platforms provided by Pan-African congresses facilitated transcontinental solidarity and strategic epistemic resistance. Collectively, early Pan-African thought catalyzed a profound challenge to Eurocentric epistemic dominance, inaugurating a transformative trajectory toward Africa-centered paradigms of knowledge production and equitable global intellectual engagement.
Real-Time Animal Monitoring System Using Pulse, Temperature, and GPS Sensor
Authors: Shrestha Dhadkan , Nepal Peshal , Gautam Pratik , Oli Pradip
Published: December 2024

GPS tracking systems utilize the Global Positioning System (GPS) to monitor device movements and determine precise locations [1]. In recent years, GPS technology has been extensively used in navigation applications, providing directions and creating digital maps. This technology has proven indispensable to various professionals, including pilots, surveyors, farmers, boat captains, military personnel, and scientists [2]. Additionally, GPS systems are employed to track animals, offering insights into their behaviors, and locations, and helping to protect endangered species [3]. Various tracking technologies, such as scale clapping, radar, acoustic telemetry, radio tags, Xirgo XT-200, geolocators, GSM mobile phone telemetry, and pop-up satellite archival tags, have been used [4]. This paper focuses on a GPS-based tracking system that collects data through various sensors and processes it using an AVR microcontroller [5]. We measure environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity (using the DTH11 sensor) and monitor pulse rates alongside GPS-derived location data of tracked animals [6]. By scientifically collecting and analyzing this data, we can better understand the condition, movement patterns, and behaviors of wild animals, domestic animals, and pets, enhancing efforts to care for and protect them.
Doxorubicin – Conjugated Nanoparticles for Potential Use as Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Mun Ellina A. , Zhaisanbayeva Balnur A. , Imantay Alua , Mashurov Nariman
Published: December 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of both solid and liquid tumours in patients of all age groups. However, it is likely to produce several side effects that include doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. Nanoparticles (NPs) can offer targeted delivery and release of the drug, potentially increasing the treatment efficiency and alleviating the side effects. This makes them a viable vector for novel drug delivery systems. Currently, DOX is commonly conjugated to NPs by non-covalent conjugation – physical entrapping of the drug using electrostatic interactions, van der Waals forces, or hydrogen bonding. The reported downside of these methods is that they provide low drug loading capacity and higher drug leakage possibility. In comparison to this, covalent conjugation of DOX via amide, hydrazone, or disulfide bonds is more promising, as it offers greater bonding strength. This review covers the covalent conjugation of DOX to three different types of NPs – metallic, silica/organosilica, and polymeric, including their corresponding release rates and mechanisms.
Relations of Society Concepts and Religions from Wikipedia Networks
Authors: Frahm Klaus M. , Shepelyansky Dima L.
Published: December 2024

We analyze the Google matrix of directed networks of Wikipedia articles related to 8 recent Wikipedia language editions representing different cultures (English, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Russian, Chinese). Using the reduced Google matrix algorithm we determine relations and interactions of 23 society concepts and 17 religions represented by their respective articles for each of the 8 editions. The effective Markov transitions are found to be more intense inside the two blocks of society concepts and religions while transitions between the blocks are significantly reduced. We establish 5 poles of influence for society concepts (Law, Society, Communism, Liberalism, Capitalism) as well as 5 poles for religions (Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Chinese folk religion) and determine how they affect other entries. We compute inter edition correlations for different key quantities providing a quantitative analysis of the differences or the proximity of views of the 8 cultures with respect to the selected society concepts and religions.
Fungsi Penggunaan Alih Kode dalam Ceramah Gus Iqdam: Kajian Sosiolinguistik
Authors: Khoironi Haris
Published: December 2024

In communication, language serves as the primary tool used. Each individual has uniqueness in language usage, one of which is through the use of linguistic aspects such as code-mixing and code-switching. This study aims to describe the forms of code-switching found in Gus Iqdam's lecture and the purposes of code-switching. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data used are speeches containing code-switching obtained from the YouTube video 'GUS IQDAM & SOIMAH SAMPAI MENANGIS JAMAAH RADIUS 10 KM // PENDOPO TULUNGO BANTUL // 24 NOVEMBER 2023'. Data collection techniques in this study use a listening approach with the application of advanced techniques of listening with free talk involvement and note-taking techniques through orthographic transcription. Data analysis in this study adopts Spradley's method, namely domain analysis and taxonomic analysis. In the lecture video, several types of code-switching were found, namely internal code-switching and external code-switching. The use of code-switching is generally done, among others, for the purpose of familiarizing the atmosphere, respecting the interlocutor, convincing the topic of conversation, evoking humor, and simply styling or prestige. Keywords: code-switching, sociolinguistics, lecture, gus iqdam
¿Qué tan benévolo es el sexismo benévolo?
Authors: Espinoza Ornelas Roxana Maria , Olivas-Ávila José Alonso
Published: December 2024

El tema de la desigualdad de géneros no ha sido superado, y a pesar de las graves consecuiencias hombres y mujeres siguen apoyándola.
Presentación Dossier: Comunidad, Ciudadanía y Conflicto
Authors: Vázquez Martínez Alejandro Ernesto
Published: December 2024

Con el propósito de difundir y propiciar reflexiones sobre la diversidad de términos en torno de la comunidad, el dossier integra cuatro perspectivas multidisciplinarias que permiten observar la pertinencia y viabilidad del uso de esta categoría de análisis, como expresión específica y concreta de la realidad sociocultural, política y económica. Cada una de las propuestas manifiesta la naturaleza compleja de la categoría que da nombre a este ejercicio reflexivo. Sin embargo, como se muestra en los artículos, la categoría sólo es comprensible en relación dialéctica con los referentes empíricos que permanentemente interpelan esa construcción social que también representa la realidad.
Endoscopic-Assisted Infraclavicular Approach for Hypoplastic First Rib Resection in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Fumoto Masato , Suzuki Taku , Kiyota Yasuhiro , Matsumura Noboru , Iwamoto Takuji , Nakamura Masaya
Published: December 2024

Case:

A 25-year-old man presented with neck and upper-limb pain. He underwent surgery for the resection of a left hypoplastic first rib, which was causing thoracic outlet syndrome. The subclavian vein was retracted through an infraclavicular incision, and an endoscope was inserted dorsally to the vein. With the assistance of endoscopy, the first rib was partially resected, and scalene muscles were released from the rib. The preoperative symptoms improved after surgery without any complications.

Conclusion:

The endoscopic-assisted infraclavicular approach enabled sufficient resection of the hypoplastic first rib, leading to satisfactory outcomes. This method can be considered as an option for resecting a hypoplastic first rib.
On becoming and being an Entrepreneur: Revisiting Hamka’s Lembaga Budi
Authors: Hakim Rahmad
Published: December 2024

Entrepreneurship is a type of work that is very interesting and challenging with lots of competition. However, in order to become a successful entrepreneur, some capital and skills are required. This study aims  to find out the skills that entrepreneurs need to have in starting a business in Hamka's work entitled Lembaga Budi. Primary and secondary data were collected from Hamka's works and other works that have a focus relevant to this research. The data collected was analyzed using content data analysis, namely by combining topics relevant to entrepreneurship. The results of this study reveal, according to Hamka, that to become a successful entrepreneur, at least several important things are needed, namely: knowledge related to entrepreneurship, self-confidence, great will, work and time planning, focus on the company or job, the role of government in the entrepreneurial sector, the importance maintaining trust, maintaining product or service quality, conducting market research, promotion strategies and excellent service to customers. The results of this study contribute to enriching discourse in entrepreneurship, especially in Islamic entrepreneurship and the role of ethics in business.
An Advanced Neural Network Framework for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Lakhani Preeti , Alankar Bhavya , Ashraf Syed Shahabuddin , Parveen Suraiya
Published: December 2024

Cloud computing is rapidly expanding, and virtualized data centers are gaining favor as a practical infrastructure for the telecommunications sector. End customers, including numerous private and public organizations, have widely adopted and used Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Security remains the primary issue in cloud computing systems despite its widespread acceptance. Customers of cloud services live in constant worry of availability problems, information theft, security breaches, and data loss. With the development of machine learning (ML) tools, security applications are currently becoming more and more prominent in the literature. In this study, we investigate the applicability of enhanced Artificial Neural Networks, a well-known ML method, to identify intrusions or unusual behavior in the cloud environment. We have designed machine learning (ML) models using an enhanced ANN approach and compared the results. The UNSW-NB-15 dataset was used to train and test the models. To reduce the complexity and training time of the ML model, we have also conducted feature engineering and parameter tuning to identify the best set of features with the highest level of accuracy. We see that the accuracy of anomaly detection achieved by an enhanced ANN approach with the right features set is 99.91%. This accuracy is greater than that seen in the literature and requires fewer features to train the model.
Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX) onboard Aditya – L1: The Solar Wind Ion Spectrometer (SWIS)
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Bapat Bhas , Shah Manan S. , Adalja HiteshKumar L. , Patel Arpit R. , Adhyaru Pranav R. , M. Shanmugam , Chakrabarty Dibyendu , Banerjee Swaroop B. , P. Subramanian K. , Sarkar Aveek , Ladiya Tinkal , Sebastian Jacob , Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Sushil , Singh Nishant , Dadhania M. B. , Vadawale Santosh V. , Goyal Shiv Kumar , Tiwari Neeraj Kumar , Sarda Aaditya , Painkra Deepak Kumar , Sharma Piyush , Verma Abhishek J. , Yogesh Yogesh , P Janardhan , Bhardwaj Anil
Published: December 2024

On-board India’s Aditya L1 spacecraft is the Solar Wind Ion Spectrometer (SWIS) instrument which is a part of the Aditya Solar Wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX), one of the three instruments carrying out in-situ measurements of solar wind. SWIS, comprising of two Top Hat Analyzers (THA-1 andTHA-2), is designed to measure the flux, the energy distribution and the angular distribution of primarily proton (H+ ions) and alpha (He2+ ions) particles in the energy range of 0.1–20 keV with 360◦ angular coverage in two planes, the ecliptic plane and in the plane perpendicular to it. Based on SWIS observations, it will be possible to address variations in the flux of protons and alpha particles in the ambient solar wind and in transient structures like Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICME), Stream Interaction Regions (SIR) passing through the spacecraft location. Over the life of the mission the multi-directional observational capabilities of SWIS are expected to provide valuable data on the variations in the primary composition of solar wind, its velocity distribution and directional anisotropy. The SWIS instrument will also capture the low energy end of the suprathermal population in the solar wind. These measurements are expected to pave the way to better understand the relationship between the solar wind and suprathermal population in the solar wind under varying inter-planetary conditions. This article describes the design and calibration aspects of the instrument and reports preliminary observations from the SWIS instrument.
In a manner of speaking: Dynamic tongue gestures affect vowel-like quality in howling wolves
Authors: Ekström Axel , Amici Federica , Delaunay Manon , Bohny Henry , Sward Kayla , Friedrichs Daniel , Edlund Jens , Oña Linda
Published: December 2024

Non-primate mammals do not typically employ the tongue to affect the resonant properties of the vocal tract in the manner of human articulate speech. We report observations of Hudson Bay wolves’ (Canis lupus hudsonicus) howling behavior, performed with visible dynamic tongue movements. We show that the wolves actively change the shape of their vocal tract through apical tongue gestures (i.e., the tongue tip arches anteriorly toward the palate), a phenomenon that changes vowel quality in speech. A combination of phonetic and acoustic analysis, video content analysis, and articulatory modeling indicated that these apical lingual gestures shift the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract in the “close-to-open” phonetic dimension -from [ə]–like (or “schwa–like") to one that roughly corresponds to close central rounded vowel [ʉ]. These findings provide the first evidence of dynamic lingual vocal tract filtering in a carnivoran
Formulation of Polyphenol basal emulsions from agrowaste for potential applications in food and pharmaceutics
Authors: NAIR BINDU R , J.M. Viji , S Shahina , T.B. Navya , B.Kurup Anirudh , Parvathy Sreeja
Published: December 2024

Agrowaste materials are the most plenteous and the cheapest sources of bioactive compounds. Industries across the globe are keen on fortification and value addition of almost all essential goods for human welfare. Under such circumstances, there is great scope for isolation of valuable compounds from agrowaste sources and use them as additives in foods and health supplements. The current study dealt with estimation and quantification of polyphenols from the agrowaste (peels, rinds and shells) of some selected and more commonly used food crops in South India such as Banana, Cassava, Garlic, Jackfruit, Lemon, Passion fruit, Rice and Tamarind. Both conventional (cold extraction - CE) and non-conventional methods (microwave assisted extraction- MAE and Ultrasound assisted extraction-UAE) of extraction were adopted during the preliminary assessment as well as during the standardization procedures. The materials used and methods were screened for their efficiency. It was noted that among the chosen materials, Tamarind shell had the highest quantity of polyphenols. CE was identified as a better choice. An extraction protocol could be standardized for the efficient extraction of Polyphenols from Tamarind shells. Subsequently, a nanoemulsion of extracted polyphenols was prepared and characterized. The characterization parameters disclose the merits of the nanoemulsions for possible applications in food and pharma industries. The results emphasize the benefit of designing cost-effective strategies for the recovery of essential biomolecules from agrowaste and utilize them for valorization of utilitarian goods.
Orientability of Undirected Phylogenetic Networks to a Desired Class: Practical Algorithms and Application to Tree-Child Orientation
Authors: Urata Tsuyoshi , Yokoyama Manato , Miyaji Haruki , Hayamizu Momoko
Published: December 2024

The C-Orientation problem asks whether it is possible to orient an undirected graph to a directed phylogenetic network of a desired network class C. This problem arises, for example, when visualising evolutionary data, as popular methods such as Neighbor-Net are distance-based and inevitably produce undirected graphs. The complexity of C-Orientation remains open for many classes, including binary tree-child networks, and practical methods are still lacking. In this paper, we propose an exact FPT algorithm for C-Orientation that is applicable to any class C and parameterised by the reticulation number and the maximum size of minimal basic cycles, and a very fast heuristic for Tree-Child Orientation. While the state-of-the-art for C-Orientation is a simple exponential time algorithm whose computational bottleneck lies in searching for appropriate reticulation vertex placements, our methods significantly reduce this search space. Experiments show that, although our FPT algorithm is still exponential, it significantly outperforms the existing method. The heuristic runs even faster but with increasing false negatives as the reticulation number grows. Given this trade-off, we also discuss theoretical directions for improvement and biological applicability of the heuristic approach.
A Compact Deep Learning Approach Integrating Depthwise Convolutions and Spatial Attention for Plant Disease Classification
Authors: Batool Amreen , Gil Joon-Min , Byun Yung-Cheol
Published: December 2024

Agriculture is a major sector that provides food to the growing worldpopulation, so improving crop yields from the disease is essential. Bac-terial, fungi and viral plant diseases significantly challenge high cropproductivity. Traditional methods of plant disease detection are time-consuming and require expert knowledge. Therefore, to ensure optimalcrop health and yield, advanced, efficient, and accurate methods areneeded to detect and classify plant diseases early and accurately. Thisreview article explores the recent advancements in vision-based machinelearning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques for detecting plantleaf diseases. Specifically, the objective is to provide a detailed overviewof the current state-of-the-art methodologies, assess their effectiveness,and identify the role of critical datasets in facilitating these advance-ments. Additionally, the article highlights the potential of integratingemerging technologies, such as vision based models, to enhance diseasedetection systems’ capabilities. The review systematically examines var-ious ML and DL techniques for plant leaf disease detection, focusingon their application and performance. Techniques such as Convolu-tional Neural Networks (CNNs), which have shown high accuracy in disease identification, are discussed in depth. The importance of open-source databases, particularly PlantVillage, in training and validatingthese models is emphasized. The methodology also discusses integrat-ing advanced technologies and developing hybrid models that combinevision-based and language-based approaches to improve detection accu-racy and robustness. The analysis highlights the significant progressin applying ML and DL to plant leaf disease detection, showcasingseveral successful implementations and their outcomes. The reviewidentifies emerging trends that promise to enhance disease detectionsystems. It also critically assesses the strengths and limitations ofcurrent techniques, offering insights into potential improvements andfuture research directions. This comprehensive analysis highlights thecritical role of ML and DL in advancing plant disease detection, aim-ing to provide sustainable and scalable solutions for the agriculturalsector. The findings have significant implications for improving cropyields and ensuring food security for the growing global population.