bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Decision Feedback Equalization Algorithm Based on Simplified Volterra Structure for PAM4 IM-DD Optical Communication Systems
Authors: Xie Yao , He Peili , Li Wei , Li Na
Published: July 2023

A novel simplifying Volterra structure algorithm is proposed for an intensity modulation direct detection (IM-DD) optical fiber short distance communication system using the decision feedback equalization algorithm (DFE). Based on this algorithm, the signal damage for the four-level pulse amplitude modulation signal (PAM-4) is compensated, which is caused by device bandwidth limitation and dispersion during transmission. Experiments have been carried out using a 25 GHz Electro-absorption Modulated Laser (EML), showing that PAM-4 signals can transmit over 10 km in standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). The 112 Gbps and 128 Gbps signals can reach the error rate threshold of KP4-FEC (BER = 2 × 10−4) and HD-FEC (BER = 3.8 × 10−3), respectively. The simplified principle and process of the proposed Volterra-based equalization algorithm are presented. Experimental results show that the algorithm complexity is greatly reduced by 75%, which provides effective theoretical support for the commercial application of this algorithm.
Role of Simple Spatial Gradient in Reinforcing the Accuracy of Temperature Determination of HED Plasma via Spectral Line-Area Ratios
Authors: Riggs Greg A. , Koepke Mark E. , Lane Ted S. , Steinberger Thomas E. , Kozlowski Pawel M. , Golovkin Igor E.
Published: July 2023

We report on the simulation of temperature gradients in tamped NaFMgO target-foil plasma, heated and backlit by z-pinch dynamic hohlraum radiation. Our approach compares the spectroscopic output of a collisional-radiative model (prismspect) with soft X-ray absorption spectra collected on Sandia National Laboratories’ (SNL) Z Pulsed Power Facility. The pattern of minimum χ2 is seen to agree with an efficient, three-parameter model. Results show that a negligible gradient in electron temperature Te is consistent with experimental data, justifying the assumptions of previous work. The predicted sensitivity of line spectra to the gradient-aligned profile of Te is documented for each spectral feature, so that the line-area ratio between a pair of spectral features may be assessed as a proxy for the existence and quantification of such gradients.
Muscular and Kinematic Responses to Unexpected Translational Balance Perturbation: A Pilot Study in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Tong Cheuk Ying , Zhu Ringo Tang-Long , Ling Yan To , Scheeren Eduardo Mendonça , Lam Freddy Man Hin , Fu Hong , Ma Christina Zong-Hao
Published: July 2023

Falls and fall-related injuries are significant public health problems in older adults. While balance-controlling strategies have been extensively researched, there is still a lack of understanding regarding how fast the lower-limb muscles contract and coordinate in response to a sudden loss of standing balance. Therefore, this pilot study aims to investigate the speed and timing patterns of multiple joint/muscles’ activities among the different challenges in standing balance. Twelve healthy young subjects were recruited, and they received unexpected translational balance perturbations with randomized intensities and directions. Electromyographical (EMG) and mechanomyographical (MMG) signals of eight dominant-leg’s muscles, dominant-leg’s three-dimensional (3D) hip/knee/ankle joint angles, and 3D postural sways were concurrently collected. Two-way ANOVAs were used to examine the difference in timing and speed of the collected signals among muscles/joint motions and among perturbation intensities. This study has found that (1) agonist muscles resisting the induced postural sway tended to activate more rapidly than the antagonist muscles, and ankle muscles contributed the most with the fastest rate of response; (2) voluntary corrective lower-limb joint motions and postural sways could occur as early as the perturbation-induced passive ones; (3) muscles reacted more rapidly under a larger perturbation intensity, while the joint motions or postural sways did not. These findings expand the current knowledge on standing-balance-controlling mechanisms and may potentially provide more insights for developing future fall-prevention strategies in daily life.
Melatonin as a Coadjuvant in the Treatment of Patients with Fibromyalgia
Authors: González-Flores David , López-Pingarrón Laura , Castaño María Yolanda , Gómez María Ángeles , Rodríguez Ana B. , García Joaquín J. , Garrido María
Published: July 2023

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic widespread pain syndrome that is accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbances, anxiety, depression, lack of concentration, and neurocognitive impairment. As the currently available drugs are not completely successful against these symptoms and frequently have several side effects, many scientists have taken on the task of looking for nonpharmacological remedies. Many of the FMS-related symptoms have been suggested to be associated with an altered pattern of endogenous melatonin. Melatonin is involved in the regulation of several physiological processes, including circadian rhythms, pain, mood, and oxidative as well as immunomodulatory balance. Preliminary clinical studies have propounded that the administration of different doses of melatonin to patients with FMS can reduce pain levels and ameliorate mood and sleep disturbances. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and urinary cortisol levels, and other biological parameters improve after the ingestion of melatonin. Recent investigations have proposed a pathophysiological relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and FMS by looking at certain proteins involved in mitochondrial homeostasis according to the etiopathogenesis of this syndrome. These improvements exert positive effects on the quality of life of FMS patients, suggesting that the use of melatonin as a coadjuvant may be a successful strategy for the management of this syndrome.
A Dual Role of Osteopontin in Modifying B Cell Responses
Authors: Chunder Rittika , Schropp Verena , Marzin Manuel , Amor Sandra , Kuerten Stefanie
Published: July 2023

The occurrence of B cell aggregates within the central nervous system (CNS) has prompted the investigation of the potential sources of pathogenic B cell and T cell responses in a subgroup of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Nevertheless, the expression profile of molecules associated with these aggregates and their role in aggregate development and persistence is poorly described. Here, we focused on the expression pattern of osteopontin (OPN), which is a well-described cytokine, in MS brain tissue. Autopsied brain sections from MS cases with and without B cell pathology were screened for the presence of CD20+ B cell aggregates and co-expression of OPN. To demonstrate the effect of OPN on B cells, flow cytometry, ELISA and in vitro aggregation assays were conducted using the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. Although OPN was expressed in MS brain tissue independent of B cell pathology, it was also highly expressed within B cell aggregates. In vitro studies demonstrated that OPN downregulated the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on B cells. OPN-treated B cells produced significantly lower amounts of IL-6. However, OPN-treated B cells also exhibited a higher tendency to form homotypic cell aggregates in vitro. Taken together, our data indicate a conflicting role of OPN in modulating B cell responses.
Spontaneous Epiretinal Membrane Resolution and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: Case Observation, Literature Review and Perspectives
Authors: Confalonieri Filippo , Lumi Xhevat , Petrovski Goran
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a relatively common condition affecting the macula. When symptoms become apparent and compromise a patient’s quality of vision, the only therapeutic approach available today is surgery with a vitrectomy and peeling of the ERM. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) reduce the effect of angiotensin II, limit the amount of fibrosis, and demonstrate consequences on fibrinogenesis in the human body. Case Description and Materials and Methods: A rare case of spontaneous ERM resolution with concomitant administration of ARB is reported. The patient was set on ARB treatment for migraines and arterial hypertension, and a posterior vitreous detachment was already present at the first diagnosis of ERM. The scientific literature addressing the systemic relationship between ARB, ACE-Is, and fibrosis in the past 25 years was searched in the PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases. Results: In total, 38 and 16 original articles have been selected for ARBs and ACE-Is, respectively, in regard to fibrosis modulation. Conclusion: ARBs and ACE-Is might have antifibrotic activity on ERM formation and resolution. Further clinical studies are necessary to explore this phenomenon.
Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensors for Neurotransmitters Detection: Recent Achievements and Trends
Authors: Fredj Zina , Singh Baljit , Bahri Mohamed , Qin Peiwu , Sawan Mohamad
Published: July 2023

Neurotransmitters (NTs) play a crucial role in regulating the behavioral and physiological functions of the nervous system. Imbalances in the concentrations of NT have been directly linked to various neurological diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Alzheimer’s disease), in addition to multiple psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, dementia, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, the rapid and real-time monitoring of the NTs is of utmost importance in comprehending neurological functions and identifying disorders. Among different sensing techniques, electrochemical biosensors have garnered significant interest due to their ability to deliver fast results, compatibility for miniaturization and portability, high sensitivity, and good controllability. Furthermore, the utilization of enzymes as recognition elements in biosensing design has garnered renewed attention due to their unique advantages of catalytic biorecognition coupled with simultaneous signal amplification. This review paper primarily focuses on covering the recent advances in enzymatic electrochemical biosensors for the detection of NTs, encompassing the importance of electrochemical sensors, electrode materials, and electroanalytical techniques. Moreover, we shed light on the applications of enzyme-based biosensors for NTs detection in complex matrices and in vivo monitoring. Despite the numerous advantages of enzymatic biosensors, there are still challenges that need to be addressed, which are thoroughly discussed in this paper. Finally, this review also presents an outlook on future perspectives and opportunities for the development of enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors for NTs detection.
Allergic Rhinitis as an Independent Risk Factor for Postoperative Recurrence of Children Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Zhang Caixia , Zhang Hua , Tang Qingping , Zhang Junyi , Wang Shuo , Xie Zhihai , Jiang Weihong
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: The recurrence rate of childhood recurrent sinusitis varies widely between 12% and 50%, with the postoperative recurrence risk factors remaining largely unidentified. We sought to enhance the understanding of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) via a retrospective observational childhood cohort. (2) Methods: The study recruited 125 cases. Demographic data and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate potential risk factors of childhood recurrent sinusitis following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). (3) Results: A postoperative recurrence rate of 21.6% was determined. Among the participants, 21 cases presented a history of allergic rhinitis (AR), with the remaining 104 cases being AR-free. A significantly heightened recurrence rate was noted in those bearing a history of AR compared to their counterparts devoid of such history (p < 0.000). The fully adjusted logistic regression model indicated a 21.04-fold increased risk of postoperative recurrence in childhood CRS bearing a history of AR compared to those without an AR history (p = 0.000), highlighting the history of AR as an independent risk factor for postoperative childhood recurrent sinusitis (p = 0.001); (4) Conclusions: The data implicate AR as an independent risk factor for postoperative childhood recurrent sinusitis.
The Association between Foreign Investment and Gross Domestic Product in Ten ASEAN Countries
Authors: Sijabat Rosdiana
Published: July 2023

Although empirical studies of the link between foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, and economic development have long influenced economic studies, the results have been inconclusive. Focusing on ten countries, this study contributes to our understanding of foreign investment as a determinant of regional economic performance. More specifically, this study seeks to analyze the short- and long-term relationship between foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in ten ASEAN member states using data from the 2009–2020 period. For this examination, this study employs a cross-sectional dependency test, followed by panel unit root and panel cointegration testing. From the results of this test, Dumitrescu–Hurlin Panel Causality (DHPC) analysis is conducted. These results show that FDI and GDP have a positive bilateral association, i.e., FDI positively affects GDP and GDP positively affects FDI, as presumed by the theory. Testing also finds bilateral causality between FPI and GDP in the ten analyzed nations. This study contributes to the literature by testing the association between FDI/FPI and GDP using fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic least squares (DMOLS) panel testing. These results show that FPI and FDI have significantly influenced GDP in ten ASEAN member states. Foreign investment has thus been shown to be the most potent means of accelerating economic development in the studied nations, and thus the governments of these ASEAN member states should formulate policies that attract foreign investors and better direct their investments.
Diversity of Indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Strains in Cabernet Sauvignon Fermentations from Utiel-Requena Region (Spain) as a Resource to Improve Wine Distinctiveness
Authors: Berbegal Carmen , Ferrer Sergi , Polo Lucía , Pardo Isabel , García-Esparza María José , Andrés Lorena , Álvarez Inmaculada , Lizama Victoria
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts from Cabernet Sauvignon grape must and to analyze how they impacted the final characteristics of the wines obtained from the same type of must. This work was carried out in a “Pago” winery located in Requena, Spain. Twenty-two isolates were obtained from grape must. After molecular identification and typing, 11 different strains were determined. Growth-related parameters and metabolic characteristics (glucose and fructose consumption and ethanol, glycerol and acetic acid production) were determined via laboratory-scale fermentations (50 mL) of Cabernet Sauvignon must. From 2 L fermentation batches, the residual sugar, density, ethanol concentration, titratable and volatile acidities, pH and polyphenolic and volatile compounds were determined, as well as the sensory attributes of the produced wines. Differences between strains in the growth and metabolic parameters were observed. Eleven S. cerevisiae strain profiles were characterized to establish which strain or strains of the selected yeasts would produce the highest polyphenolic and aromatic concentrations of the red Cabernet wines made in the “Pago winery”, to then multiply them for their use to make the red wines of this winery.
First Record of Spinal Deformity in the South American Silver Croaker Plagioscion squamosissimus (Eupercaria: Sciaenidae) in the Xingu River, Brazil
Authors: Montag Luciano Fogaça de Assis , Peixoto Luiz Antônio Wanderley , Seabra Lidia Brasil , Gonçalves Liziane Amaral Barbosa , Lobato Cleonice Maria Cardoso , Mendonça Marina Barreira , Begot Tiago Octavio , Prata Erival Gonçalves , Freitas Tiago Magalhães da Silva
Published: July 2023

Observations of skeletal malformations in fish in the wild are poorly documented and need to be investigated. Here we report the occurrence of body shortening in specimens of Plagioscion squamosissimus collected in the Volta Grande do Xingu, middle Xingu River region (Pará, Brazil), during a 12-month monitoring program (2021–2022). We observed morphological anomalies in nine individuals, of which two underwent radiographic analysis, recording the fusion and compression of vertebrae in different portions of the spine. The average percentage decrease in body length resulting from the deformity was 23.8%. This is the first record of malformation in this species.
The Potential of Xylooligosaccharides as Prebiotics and Their Sustainable Production from Agro-Industrial by-Products
Authors: Valladares-Diestra Kim Kley , de Souza Vandenberghe Luciana Porto , Vieira Sabrina , Goyzueta-Mamani Luis Daniel , de Mattos Patricia Beatriz Gruening , Manzoki Maria Clara , Soccol Vanete Thomaz , Soccol Carlos Ricardo
Published: July 2023

In recent years, concerns about a good-quality diet have increased. Food supplements such as prebiotics have great nutritional and health benefits. Within the diverse range of prebiotics, xylooligosaccharides (XOs) show high potential, presenting exceptional properties for the prevention of systemic disorders. XOs can be found in different natural sources; however, their production is limited. Lignocellulosic biomasses present a high potential as a source of raw material for the production of XOs, making the agro-industrial by-products the perfect candidates for production on an industrial scale. However, these biomasses require the application of physicochemical pretreatments to obtain XOs. Different pretreatment methodologies are discussed in terms of increasing the production of XOs and limiting the coproduction of toxic compounds. The advance in new technologies for XOs production could decrease their real cost (USD 25–50/kg) on an industrial scale and would increase the volume of market transactions in the prebiotic sector (USD 4.5 billion). In this sense, new patents and innovations are being strategically developed to expand the use of XOs as daily prebiotics.
Flexible Topical Hydrogel Patch Loaded with Antimicrobial Drug for Accelerated Wound Healing
Authors: Saeed Sana , Barkat Kashif , Ashraf Muhammad Umer , Shabbir Maryam , Anjum Irfan , Badshah Syed Faisal , Aamir Muhammad , Malik Nadia Shamshad , Tariq Akash , Ullah Riaz
Published: July 2023

A hydrogel topical patch of neomycin was developed by using sodium alginate (SA) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) as polymers. Free radical polymerization in an aqueous medium was initiated by using acrylic acid (AA) and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). Prepared hydrogels were characterized for pH sensitivity and sol–gel analysis. In addition, the effect of reactant contents on the developed formulation was evaluated by swelling behavior. SEM assay showed the rough structure of the hydrogel-based polymeric matrix, which directly enhances the ability to uptake fluid. FTIR spectra revealed the formation of a new polymeric network between reactant contents. TGA and DSC verified that fabricated polymeric patches were more thermodynamically stable than pure components. Gel fractions increased with increases in polymer, monomer, and cross-linker contents. The swelling study showed the pH-dependent swelling behavior of patches at pH 5.5, 6.5, and 7.4. The release pattern of the drug followed zero-order kinetics, with diffusion-controlled drug release patterns according to the Korsmeyer–Peppas (KP) model. Ex vivo studies across excised rabbit skin verified the drug retention in the skin layers. The hydrogel patch effectively healed the wounds produced on the rabbit skin, whereas the formulation showed no sign of irritation on intact skin. Therefore, neomycin hydrogel patches can be a potential candidate for controlled delivery for efficient wound healing.
Fiber Enrichment of 3D Printed Apricot Gel Snacks with Orange By-Products
Authors: Molina-Montero Carmen , Vicente-Jurado Diana , Igual Marta , Martínez-Monzó Javier , García-Segovia Purificación
Published: July 2023

Concern about food waste has become a major global concern. The waste generated by the agri-food industry poses an environmental challenge. However, the development of 3D printing technology offers an opportunity to address this problem. By incorporating food waste into inks, it can create personalized food tailored to individual needs. The aim of this study is the valorization of orange by-products (OBP) in 3D printed gels to obtain a final product in the form of a fiber-enriched snack. Gelatin gels were printed with different concentrations of apricot pulp (30, 50, and 70%) and OBP was added. These gels were subjected to a freeze-drying process. The rheology of the gels before and after printing, the printing precision, and the post-treatment of the freeze-dried product, including color, shear force, and the presence of bioactive compounds, were evaluated. The addition of OBP resulted in an increase in the elasticity (997–1242u) of the samples and improved the printability of them. However, an increase in the hardness (173–184u) was observed in the freeze-dried samples. The use of OBP not only improves the printability of the gels but also enables obtaining fiber-enriched snacks, which could contribute to the reduction in food waste and the promotion of healthy and sustainable food.
Experiences of Cultural Differences, Discrimination, and Healthcare Access of Displaced Syrians (DS) in Lebanon: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Khalifeh Riwa , D’Hoore William , Saliba Christiane , Salameh Pascale , Dauvrin Marie
Published: July 2023

The study aims to examine cultural differences and discrimination as difficulties encountered by DS when using the Lebanese healthcare system, and to evaluate the equity of DS access to health services in Lebanon. This is a qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews with DS and Lebanese healthcare professionals. The participants were selected by visiting two hospitals, one public Primary Healthcare Center, and three PHCs managed by Non-Governmental Organizations. The recruitment of participants was based on reasoned and targeted sampling. Thematic analysis was performed to identify common themes in participants’ experiences of DS in accessing Lebanese healthcare. Twenty interviews took place with directors of health facilities (n = 5), health professionals (n = 9), and DS (n = 6) in six different Lebanese healthcare institutions. The results showed barriers of access to care related to transportation and financial issues. Healthcare services provided to the DS appear to be of poor quality due to inequitable access to the health system, attributable to the discriminatory behavior of healthcare providers. Among the several factors contributing to the presence of discrimination in the Lebanese healthcare system, the persisting fragility of the healthcare system—facing a humanitarian crisis—emerged as the major driver of such unequal treatment. The number of DS in Lebanon is roughly equal to a quarter of its citizens; there is an urging need to restore the Lebanese health system to ensure the equitable provision of health services for DS and appropriate working conditions for health professionals.
Exploring the Phylogenetic Relationship among Citrus through Leaf Shape Traits: A Morphological Study on Citrus Leaves
Authors: Traband Ryan C. , Wang Xuesong , Lui Jill , Yu Lei , Hiraoka Yoko , Herniter Ira A. , Bowman Christian , Resendiz Mariano , Wang Zixian , Knowles Sara P. , Lo Sassoum , Chitwood Daniel H. , Santiago Louis , Kahn Tracy , Seymour Danelle , Roose Mikeal L. , Chater John M. , Jia Zhenyu
Published: July 2023

This study utilized the Fourier-based method to analyze the morphology of over 4000 leaves from more than 190 accessions selected from the Givaudan Citrus Variety Collection at the University of California Riverside, one of the world’s most diverse collections of citrus and closely related genera. Our analysis revealed significant variations in leaf morphology among the major citrus species groups, and hybrid varieties produced through breeding exhibited intermediate leaf morphology compared to their parental citrus species. We found a positive correlation between leaf area in native citrus species and temperature in lower tropical latitudes, while negative/positive associations between aspect ratio and temperature/rainfall were also observed, respectively. These results suggest that citrus leaves may have evolved into larger but thinner leaves to increase their photosynthetic capacity per unit area while maintaining water balance by reducing water loss through transpiration. Our analysis also indicates that the existing biodiversity observed in citrus species can be attributed to their migrations across the foothills of the Himalayas, southward to the islands of Indonesia, and northward to the islands of Japan. Our study supports the hypothesis that citrus species have adapted to warm areas lacking extreme daily and nightly temperatures, where a large number of species of origin are found. Overall, this study presents a promising approach to investigate the morphological variation in citrus leaves, which could potentially aid in the selection and breeding of citrus cultivars with superior physiological traits and deepen our understanding of citrus diversity.
Early Development of Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Coronary Arteries after Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer (BACCARAT Study)
Authors: Honaryar Manoj Kumar , Allodji Rodrigue , Jimenez Gaelle , Lapeyre Mathieu , Panh Loic , Camilleri Jeremy , Broggio David , Ferrières Jean , De Vathaire Florent , Jacob Sophie
Published: July 2023

Background—Radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer (BC) can lead to an increased risk of coronary artery disease several years after RT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of overall, non-calcified and calcified atherosclerotic plaques over 2 years after BC for RT and associations with cardiac exposure. Methods—The study included 101 left- or right-sided BC patients treated with RT without chemotherapy. A coronary CT angiography was performed before and 2 years after RT. Plaque development thorough the entire coronary network was defined as an increased number of plaques. Cardiac exposure was quantified with mean doses to the heart, left ventricle, and coronary arteries. Logistic regression models were used to assess association with doses. Results—At inclusion, 37% of patients had plaques, increasing to 42% two years after RT. Overall plaque development was observed in seven patients: five with calcified plaque development and four with non-calcified plaque development. The risk of overall plaque development was significantly associated with doses to the Left Main and Circumflex coronary arteries (OR at 1 Gy = 2.32, p = 0.03 and OR at 1 Gy = 2.27, p = 0.03, respectively). Specific analyses for calcified and non-calcified plaque development showed similar results. Conclusion—Our study suggests an association between coronary arteries exposure and the risk of developing both calcified and non-calcified atherosclerotic plaques over 2 years after BC RT. Trial registration number: NCT02605512.
Evaluating the Service Capacity of Port-Centric Intermodal Transshipment Hub
Authors: Liu Tian , Wang Haiyan
Published: July 2023

Port-centric intermodal transshipment hubs are significant nodes in the global freight network and are likewise the gateway to a country’s external communications. It is vital to increase the service capacity of PCITHs, and it is necessary to assess the service capacity of port-centric intermodal transshipment hubs to respond to the growth of economies and global freight needs. This study provides a detailed definition of port-centric intermodal transshipment hubs through a review of relevant kinds of works from the literature and analyzes their primary functions. Based on the research perspective of sea–rail intermodal transportation, the three evaluation dimensions of service capacity of port-centric intermodal transshipment hubs are divided into radiation scale capacity, transportation connection capacity, and resource integration capacity, focusing on the functions of cargo aggregation, cargo transfer, and connection of different transportation modes. The service capacity evaluation indicators were then selected based on the three dimensions. The subjective and objective weightings were calculated by the G1 weighting method and the modified CRITIC method, and the combination weightings were determined based on game theory. The service capability of port-centric intermodal transshipment hubs was evaluated by the fuzzy matter element method, and the evaluation results were quantified by the Euclidean closeness degree. Finally, through the barrier degree model, the current indicators of PCITHs that urgently need improvement were explored, and targeted improvement suggestions are proposed in this paper. The results show that Tianjin Port has the highest service capacity, followed by Ningbo Zhoushan Port. The port rail dedicated line mileage is the most critical area that needs attention in Ningbo Zhoushan Port and Qingdao Port. Tianjin Port needs to improve the container sea–rail transportation volume, while Guangzhou Port and Xiamen Port need to improve the sea–rail container handling capacity.
Morphological and Multi-Gene Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Pseudotubeufia gen. nov. and Two New Species in Tubeufiaceae from China
Authors: Ma Jian , Xiao Xing-Juan , Liu Ning-Guo , Boonmee Saranyaphat , Xiao Yuan-Pin , Lu Yong-Zhong
Published: July 2023

Three helicosporous hyphomycete collections representing two species were obtained from rotting wood found in freshwater and terrestrial habitats in the Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces, China. A new genus Pseudotubeufia (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales), comprising Ps. hyalospora sp. nov. and Ps. laxispora sp. nov., was introduced with morphological characteristic and molecular data. In addition, the molecular evidence showed that Helicomyces sp. (G.M. 2020-09-19.1), H. roseus (CBS: 102.76), and the new genus Pseudotubeufia clustered together with high support based on a multi-gene (LSU, ITS, tef1α, and rpb2) phylogenetic analysis. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and notes of the three new collections are provided.
“Decoding” Policy Perspectives: Structural Topic Modeling of European Central Bankers’ Speeches
Authors: Warin Thierry , Stojkov Aleksandar
Published: July 2023

This research analyzes the speeches and interviews of high-level European Central Bank decision makers from 1997 to 2021 to identify clusters of prominent topics. Transparency is a crucial aspect of modern monetary policy, and public speeches and interviews by central bankers play a vital role in achieving it. Our study employs structural topic modeling to compare the prevalence of topics during the Global Financial Crisis, pandemic crisis, and periods of heightened inflation. Additionally, we explore the impact of central bank independence on official rhetoric.
A Graph-Based Model Reduction Method for Digital Twins
Authors: Chakraborti Ananda , Vainio Henri , Koskinen Kari T. , Lammi Juha
Published: July 2023

Digital twin technology is the talking point of academia and industry. When defining a digital twin, new modeling paradigms and computational methods are needed. Developments in the Internet of Things and advanced simulation and modeling techniques have provided new strategies for building complex digital twins. The digital twin is a virtual entity representation of the physical entity, such as a product or a process. This virtual entity is a collection of computationally complex knowledge models that embeds all the information of the physical world. To that end, this article proposes a graph-based representation of the virtual entity. This graph-based representation provides a method to visualize the parameter and their interactions across different modeling domains. However, the virtual entity graph becomes inherently complex with multiple parameters for a complex multidimensional physical system. This research contributes to the body of knowledge with a novel graph-based model reduction method that simplifies the virtual entity analysis. The graph-based model reduction method uses graph structure preserving algorithms and Dempster–Shaffer Theory to provide the importance of the parameters in the virtual entity. The graph-based model reduction method is validated by benchmarking it against the random forest regressor method. The method is tested on a turbo compressor case study. In the future, a method such as graph-based model reduction needs to be integrated with digital twin frameworks to provide digital services by the twin efficiently.
Simulation Design and Measurement of Welding Robot Repeatability Utilizing the Contact Measurement Method
Authors: Pollák Martin , Goryl Karol
Published: July 2023

ISO 9283 is a significant guiding standard for assessing the performance characteristics of robots. The main objective of the present paper was to verify the repeatability of the Panasonic TM-2000 welding robot at a manufacturing company. The paper describes the workflow of the robot control program in the simulation software RoboDK, which created a complete welding station. The measurement, as well as the simulation, were possible thanks to designing the measuring device, the imaginary ISO cube, the measuring plane, the measuring points, and last but not least, the cycle that determined in which order the points were measured. The analytical part of the paper resulted in a direct measurement of the position repeatability of the welding robot. A total of five points were measured for the X-axis and five points for the Y-axis. Each point was recorded 30 times, with measurements taken in the positive direction of motion. The results were compared with the value given by the manufacturer, and the measured deviations were presented graphically.
Semi-Analytical Closed-Form Solutions for the Rikitake-Type System through the Optimal Homotopy Perturbation Method
Authors: Ene Remus-Daniel , Pop Nicolina
Published: July 2023

The goal of this work is to build semi-analytical solutions of the Rikitake-type system by means of the optimal homotopy perturbation method (OHPM) using only two iterations. The chaotic behaviors are excepted. By taking into consideration the geometrical properties of the Rikitake-type system, the closed-form solutions can be established. The obtained solutions have a periodical behavior. These geometrical properties allow reducing the initial system to a second-order nonlinear differential equation. The latter equation is solved analytically using the OHPM procedure. The validation of the OHPM method is presented for three cases of the physical parameters. The advantages of the OHPM technique, such as the small number of iterations (the efficiency), the convergence control (in the sense that the semi-analytical solutions are approaching the exact solution), and the writing of the solutions in an effective form, are shown graphically and with tables. The accuracy of the results provides good agreement between the analytical and corresponding numerical results. Other dynamic systems with similar geometrical properties could be successfully solved using the same procedure.
Error-Correcting Codes on Projective Bundles over Deligne–Lusztig Varieties
Authors: Camazón Portela Daniel , López Ramos Juan
Published: July 2023

The aim of this article is to give lower bounds on the parameters of algebraic geometric error-correcting codes constructed from projective bundles over Deligne–Lusztig surfaces. The methods based on an intensive use of the intersection theory allow us to extend the codes previously constructed from higher-dimensional varieties, as well as those coming from curves. General bounds are obtained for the case of projective bundles of rank 2 over standard Deligne–Lusztig surfaces, and some explicit examples coming from surfaces of type A2 and 2A4 are given.
A New Parallel Cuckoo Flower Search Algorithm for Training Multi-Layer Perceptron
Authors: Salgotra Rohit , Mittal Nitin , Mittal Vikas
Published: July 2023

This paper introduces a parallel meta-heuristic algorithm called Cuckoo Flower Search (CFS). This algorithm combines the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) and Cuckoo Search (CS) to train Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models. The algorithm is evaluated on standard benchmark problems and its competitiveness is demonstrated against other state-of-the-art algorithms. Multiple datasets are utilized to assess the performance of CFS for MLP training. The experimental results are compared with various algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Evolutionary Search (ES), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Population-based Incremental Learning (PBIL). Statistical tests are conducted to validate the superiority of the CFS algorithm in finding global optimum solutions. The results indicate that CFS achieves significantly better outcomes with a higher convergence rate when compared to the other algorithms tested. This highlights the effectiveness of CFS in solving MLP optimization problems and its potential as a competitive algorithm in the field.
Barriers to Accessing Oncology Services for Effective Cancer Care in the Public Health Institutions in Limpopo Province, South Africa: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ramutumbu Neo Jacqueline , Ramathuba Dorah Ursula , Maputle Maria Sonto
Published: July 2023

It is estimated that by 2030, 24 million people worldwide will develop cancer, and 13 million will die annually, with 75% of deaths in low- and middle-income countries. The management and effective control of care have not been fully achieved due to a lack of material and human resources exacerbated by poor governance and co-ordination of the services. The study aimed to explore barriers to accessing oncology services for effective cancer care in the public health institutions in Limpopo province. The study was conducted in the five district hospitals in Limpopo province. A qualitative exploratory descriptive and contextual approach was used to collect data that employed focus group discussions amongst healthcare professionals in different disciplines. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to sample participants from various sections contributing to oncology care. Five focus group discussions were conducted at the selected hospitals. The data were analysed using the eight steps of Tesch’s method. The findings revealed that Limpopo province has a shortage of high-technology medical equipment, poor coordination, and a lack of oncological and allied expertise. Governments should ensure that patients receive the care required as stated in the constitution to navigate cancer care pathways to improve patient health outcomes, particularly in rural areas where care is fragmented and poorly financed. Recommendations to support oncology patients involve psychosocial work and palliative care of the multidisciplinary teams to be put forward. The identified barriers regarding oncology care may contribute to changing the departments’ outlook and effective functioning by including interdisciplinary oncology teams at all levels of care.
A New Quantum Sealed-Bid Auction Protocol with a Set of Local Indistinguishable Orthogonal Product States
Authors: Wang Sainan , Zhang Long , Sun Zhiwei , Dai Daxin , Hou Kunchi
Published: July 2023

Quantum sealed-bid auction (QSA) is a special form of transaction with significant applications in the economic and financial fields. Using a unique set of locally indistinguishable orthogonal product (LIOP) states, we propose a new QSA protocol in this paper. In the protocol, the bid message is encoded as a quantum sequence of LIOP states, and the different particles of LIOP states are transmitted separately. Even though an attacker obtains a portion of the particles, they cannot recover the entire bid message because of the local indistinguishability of LIOP states. Once the auctioneer announces the winner’s bid, all bidders are able to confirm the authenticity of their bid. With the help of a semi-honest third party, collusion between the auctioneer and a malicious bidder can be discovered. Finally, our protocol is capable of meeting all requirements for secure sealed-bid auctions through security and completeness analysis. Additionally, the proposed protocol does not require any entangled resources and complicated operations, so it can be easily implemented in practice.
Route to Chaos in a Unidirectional Ring of Three Diffusively Coupled Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers
Authors: Esqueda de la Torre José Octavio , García-López Juan Hugo , Jaimes-Reátegui Rider , Huerta-Cuellar Guillermo , Aboites Vicente , Pisarchik Alexander N.
Published: July 2023

We numerically investigate the dynamics of a ring consisting of three unidirectionally coupled Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers (EDLFs) without external pump modulation. The study focuses on the system behavior as the coupling strength is varied, employing a six-dimensional mathematical model that includes three variables for laser intensities and three variables for population inversions of all lasers. Our primary objective is to understand the system evolution towards chaos from a stable equilibrium in the ring, considering the impact of increasing coupling strength. To analyze the system’s behavior, we employ various techniques such as time series analysis, power spectra, Poincaré sections, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents. During the transition to chaos, the system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation and a series of torus bifurcations. An essential aspect of this study is the exploration of a rotating wave propagating along the ring, where the wave nature (periodic, quasiperiodic, or chaotic) depends on the coupling strength. Additionally, we observe the coexistence of periodic and chaotic orbits within a specific range of the coupling strength. However, for very strong coupling, this bistability disappears, resulting in a monostable system with a single limit cycle. This regime exhibits potential for applications that demand short laser pulses with a substantial increase in peak power, reaching nearly 20 times higher levels compared to the continuous mode when the lasers are uncoupled. This discovery holds particular importance for optical communication systems, especially considering the attenuation optical signals experience when transmitted over long distances.
Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Conglomerate Reservoirs: A Case Study of Mahu Oilfield
Authors: Pan Yuting , Ma Xinfang , Li Jianmin , Xie Bobo , Xiong Dong
Published: July 2023

Mahu conglomerate oilfield has strong heterogeneity. Currently, large-scale hydraulic fracturing is commonly used for reservoir reconstruction. The geometry of hydraulic fractures is influenced by gravel. By referring to the scanning and logging results of a conglomerate reservoir, and considering the characteristics of gravel development in the Mahu Oilfield reservoir, python programming is used to establish a finite element model containing a matrix, bonding interface, and gravel, which considers the random distribution of gravel position and size. The model uses cohesive element global embedding to study the geometry of a hydraulic fracture. The results show that the hydraulic fracture in the gravel reservoir mainly spreads around the gravel, and the propagation path of the hydraulic fracture is affected by the horizontal stress difference. When the interfacial bonding strength is greater than 2 MPa, the conglomerate is more likely to be penetrated by hydraulic fractures, or the hydraulic fractures stop expanding after entering the conglomerate. The strength of the conglomerate largely determines whether hydraulic fractures can pass through it. When the strength of gravel is greater than 7 MPa, hydraulic fractures will stop expanding after entering the gravel. During the hydraulic fracturing process of conglomerate reservoirs, using a large injection rate can result in longer hydraulic fractures and larger fracture volumes.
Plugging Experiments on Different Packing Schemes during Hydrate Exploitation by Depressurization
Authors: Zhao Xiaolong
Published: July 2023

Marine natural gas hydrate (NGH) can mainly be found in argillaceous fine-silt reservoirs, and is characterized by weak consolidation and low permeability. Sand production is likely to occur during the NGH production process, and fine-silt particles can easily plug the sand-control media. In view of this, experiments were conducted to assess the influence of the formation sand on the sand retention media in gravel-packed layers under gas–water mixed flow, and the plugging process was analyzed. The results show that following conclusions. (1) The quartz-sand- and ceramic-particle-packed layers show the same plugging trend, and an identical plugging law. The process can be divided into three stages: the beginning, intensified, and balanced stages of plugging. (2) The liquid discharge is a key factor influencing the plugging of gravel-packed layers during NGH exploitation by depressurization. As the discharge increases, plugging occurs in all quartz-sand packing schemes, while the ceramic-particle packing scheme still yields a high gas-flow rate. Therefore, quartz sand is not recommended as the packing medium during NGH exploitation, and the grain-size range of ceramic particles should be further optimized. (3) Due to the high mud content of NGH reservoirs, a mud cake is likely to form on the surface of the packing media, which intensifies the bridge plugging of the packed layer. These experiment results provide an important reference for the formulation and selection of sand-control schemes.
Special Issue on “Pharmacodynamics Modeling of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs”
Authors: Kim Jai-Eun , Oh Myung Sook , Park Wansu
Published: July 2023

Immuno-inflammatory responses are essential for defending the host against pathogenic infections [...]
The Recycling of End-of-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries and the Phase Characterisation of Black Mass
Authors: Donnelly Laurance , Pirrie Duncan , Power Matthew , Corfe Ian , Kuva Jukka , Lukkari Sari , Lahaye Yann , Liu Xuan , Dehaine Quentin , Jolis Ester M. , Butcher Alan
Published: July 2023

Black mass is the industry term applied to end-of-life (EoL) lithium-ion batteries that have been mechanically processed for potential use as a recycled material to recover the valuable metals present, including cobalt, lithium, manganese, nickel and copper. A significant challenge to the effective processing of black mass is the complexity of the feed material. Two samples of black mass from a European source were analysed using a combination of methods including automated SEM-EDS (AMICS) to characterise and quantify the phases present and particle chemistry. Micro X-CT imaging, overlain onto automated mineralogy images, enabled the 3D morphology of the particles to be determined. Micro-XRF was used to map the copper, nickel, manganese and cobalt-bearing phases. Since Li cannot be detected using SEM-EDS, its abundance was semi-quantified using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The integration of these complimentary analytical methods allowed for detailed phase characterisation, which may guide the potential hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical recycling routes and chemical assaying.
Introduction to Special Issue: Islamic Revivalism and Social Transformation in the Modern World
Authors: Ali Jan A.
Published: July 2023

In Arabic, Islamic revival is called tajdid, which literally translates to “regeneration” or “renewal” [...]